bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paisaje lingüístico y crematonimia: la estratificación social de los nombres comerciales.
Authors: Fernández Juncal Carmen
Published: June 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la presencia y el papel que desempeñan los crematónimos o nombres comerciales dentro del paisaje lingüístico de Salamanca. A partir de una muestra estratificada en tres zonas que representan tres niveles socioeconómicos, vemos las diferencias funcionales y formales de estos elementos en cada uno de ellos, así como las tendencias que se solapan en todo el entorno. Además de poder comprobar la cada vez más intensa incorporación de otras lenguas en el PL, con especial incidencia del inglés, se percibe una brecha en el comportamiento del estrato inferior frente a los niveles alto y medio, que ofrecen más puntos de contacto en las prácticas atributivas comerciales, resultados que creemos extrapolables a otras sintopías.
Contexto de la salud mental y la discapacidad psicosocial en relación con la fisioterapia
Authors: Gómez Motta Salam Alexis
Published: June 2024

En este capítulo se hace un breve recorrido histórico de la salud mental y su relación con la discapacidad psicosocial; a continuación se realiza un análisis conciso de las directrices contemporáneas de Naciones Unidas y sus agencias relacionadas con salud mental en el contexto internacional, las cuales impactan en la construcción de políticas públicas regionales y nacionales; por último, se presentan algunas reflexiones sobre el rol del fisioterapeuta en el campo de la salud mental y discapacidad psicosocial.
Çivi Yazılı Kayıtlardan Hellen Kaynaklarına Hazi den Kasios a Doğu Akdeniz in Tanrılar Dağı “Kılıç Dağ”
Authors: YILDIRIM Nurgül
Published: June 2024

Dağlar Eskiçağ toplumlarınca gökyüzüne uzanmaları, gökyüzü ile yeryüzünü birbirine bağlayan bereket köprüsü olarak algılanmaları ve görkemleriyle kutsal kabul edilmiştir. Bu kutsallık tanrı ve tanrıçaların evleri ya da kült merkezleri olarak adlandırılarak Eskiçağ inanç sisteminde dağların ayrıcalıklı bir yere konumlandırılmasında temel teşkil etmiştir. Anadolu’da Geç Tunç Çağı metinlerine yansıtılan kutsallaştırılmış dağların yanı sıra tanrılaştırılmış dağların da varlığı, dağların Eskiçağ inanç motifinde tapınım alanı olmalarına ek tapınım nedeni olarak görüldüklerini de ortaya çıkarmıştır. Antikçağ metinlerinde Zeus’un kutsal dağı Kasios/Casius olarak kaydedilen Hatay’ın Yayladağ İlçesindeki Kılıç/Kel Dağ (Cebel Akra) da neredeyse MÖ XV. yüzyıldan itibaren Hava/Fırtına Tanrılarının kutsal alanı olarak anılmaya başlanmıştır. Çivi yazılı kayıtlarda Hazi/Hazzi adıyla bir dağ tanrısı olarak anılan Kılıç Dağ, özellikle Hurrili Fırtına Tanrı Tešup’un kutsal dağı ve evi olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ugarit tabletlerinde Kenanlı Fırtına Tanrısı Baal’in tahtı kabul edilen bu dağ, Baal Ṣapunu olarak adlandırılarak hem Yeni Asur çivi yazılı kayıtlarında, hem de Ugarit liturjik metinlerinde kutsiyetiyle yer almıştır. Kılıç Dağ’ın neredeyse Geç Tunç Çağı’ndan Roma Dönemi’ne uzanan süreçte Fırtına Tanrılarının tarihi ve mitik yolculuklarında onların kutsal mekânı kabul edilişinin ve hakim siyasi erke koşut değişiminin tarihi çerçevede aktarımının amaçlandığı bu çalışmada, ilgili döneme ait birincil kayıtlar temel kaynak olarak belirlenmiştir.
Likya-Karya Sınırında Kalinda: Tarihi ve Coğrafi Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ONUR Fatih
Published: June 2024

Bu yazı 2022 yılının sonlarında Fethiye Müze Müdürlüğü başkanlığında, Muğla Valiliği Yatırım İzleme ve Koordinasyon Başkanlığı ile Dalaman Belediyesi’nin maddi destekleriyle ve yazarın bilimsel danışmanlığında başlatılan Kalinda-Şerefler Kazısı kapsamında kaleme alınmıştır. Yazı Kalinda ve çevresine yönelik eskiçağ tarihi ve eskiçağ coğrafyası açılarından yapılmış genel bir değerlendirmeyi ve kritik tespitleri içermektedir. Kalinda’nın Arkaik ve Klasik dönemlerde Likya-Karya sınır bölgesinde Kaunos ile birlikte ya da Kaunos’tan sonra en güçlü ve en büyük kent olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Hellenistik Dönem’de tipik kent kurumlarına ve memurlarına sahip, sikke basan bir polis olup bir Ptolemaioslar garnizonuna ev sahipliği yapmaktaydı. Gerek Kaunos gerekse Rodos bu kente sahip olmak için çeşitli dönemlerde girişimlerde bulundular. Roma Dönemi’nde Lykia Birliği’nin bir üyesi oldu. Patara Yol Anıtı’nda Telmessos, Lyrnai ve Kaunos olmak üzere üç yol bağlantısı verilmiş olan kente MS 141 yılındaki deprem sonrasında Opramoas’ın yardım sağladığı bilinmektedir. Yazıda kentin lokalizasyonuna yönelik sorunlar ve tartışmalar ayrıca değerlendirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte kazısı yapılmakta olan Dalaman-Şerefler’deki kalıntı grubu Kalinda’ya ait en önemli yerlerden bir tanesini oluşturmaktadır. Bu kalıntı grubunda yapılan incelemeler ve kazılardan elde edilecek sonuçların ve yakın çevrede yapılacak olan gözlemlerin bize aydınlatıcı bilgiler sunacağını umuyoruz.
Surveys in the Necropolis of Cadianda
Authors: DÖĞERLİ BAŞERKAFAOĞLU Pınar
Published: June 2024

Batı Lykia’nın Karia ile sınırında, bugünkü Muğla/ Fethiye’ye bağlı Yeşilüzümlü’nün Tekirlik mevkiinde yer alan Cadianda, Araxa, Oinoanda, Telmessos, Tlos, Letoon, Ksanthos gibi Lykia’nın önemli kent yollarının üzerindedir. 970 m rakımda, sarp kayalar üzerinde, surlarla çevrili yerleşim, Telmessos Limanı’na ve Ksanthos Vadisi’ne hâkim bir konumdadır. Yüzey araştırmaları sonucunda tespit edilen 162 mezar yapısı, surların dışında ve içinde geniş bir alana yayılmıştır. Dikme mezar, kaya mezarları, lahit, tapınak formlu mezarlar, heroon ile tonoz, düz, ve üçgen çatılı oda mezarlar ve khamosorion mezar tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle mimarinin çeşitliliği dikkat çekicidir. Bazı kentler dışında Lykia Bölgesi’nde yaygın olmayan tonoz çatılı oda mezarlar sayıca en fazla grubu oluşturmuştur. Dolayısıyla Batı Lykia’da bu tip mezarın en fazla görüldüğü kentin Kadianda olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Buna karşın Lykia’ya özgün semerdam kapaklı lahitlerin burada tek örnekle temsil edilmesi ve kaya mezarlarının azlığı dikkat çekicidir. Kadianda’da tonoz çatılı oda mezarların üçgen çatılı ve düz çatılı oda mezarlarla yan yana bitişik nizamda olması da diğer bir gözlemdir. Makalenin amacı; 2021’de kayıt altına aldığımız, çizimlerini yaptığımız, haritaya işlenerek plankotesini çıkardığımız mezarların genel tanımını yaparak ileriki çalışmalara yardımcı olmaktır. Mezarlar zamanın yıkıcı tahribatına yenik düşmüş, eksilme sürecine girmiştir. Bununla birlikte akropolis bölgesinde yeni yapılaşma olmaması, mezar yapılarının kısmen de olsa korunmasını sağlamıştır.
Zeytinliada Doğu Kazı Alanı nda Bulunan Geç Antikçağ Sikkeleri
Authors: MURAT Mehmet Kayhan
Published: June 2024

Zeytinliada, Balıkesir’e bağlı Erdek İlçesi’nin yaklaşık 250 m açıklarında yer alır. Zeytinliada’da 2006-2016 yılları arasında yapılan kazılarda Meryem Ana Manastırı, manastır içerisinde kiliseler ve günlük yaşam ile ilgili yapılar tespit edilmiştir. Zeytinliada Doğu Kazı Alanı’ndaki çalışmalar 2009, 2011, 2012 ile 2016 yıllarında yapılmıştır. Kazılar sonucunda alanda dinî ve günlük yaşam ile ilgili yapılar grubu açığa çıkarılmıştır. Söz konusu yapılar adada dinî yaşamın yanı sıra sosyal yaşam ile de ilgili yapılar topluluğu olduğunu göstermiştir. Zeytinliada’da şapelde 108, Doğu Kazı Alanı’nda 59 ve Meryem Ana Kilisesi’nde 44 tane olmak üzere toplam 211 sikke bulunmuştur. Sosyal yaşam ile ilgili yapılar topluluğunun yer aldığı Doğu Kazı Alanı’nda çok sayıda seramik, kandil, metal eser ve sikkeler ele geçen küçük buluntular arasındadır. Makalenin konusunu oluşturan 59 sikke alanın değişik yerlerinde ve farklı kot seviyelerinde bulunmuştur. Sikkelerin 43’ü tanımlanmış, 16 sikke ise aşırı korozyona uğradığından dolayı tanımlanamamıştır. Kataloğu oluşturulan tanımlanan sikkelerden 1’i Aurelianus dönemine (MS 270-275) diğer sikkeler MS V. yüzyıl sonu ile MS VII. yüzyılın ilk çeyreği arasına tarihlenmektedir. Sikkeler 8 imparatorun hanedanlık yıllarında 6 farklı darphanede basılmıştır. Genel kondisyonları kötü olan sikkeler toplamda 6 farklı birimde darp edilmişlerdir. İncelenen sikkeler Doğu Kazı Alanı’nda ele geçip yayını yapılan eserler ile karşılaştırılıp alanının kullanım evreleri tespit edilmiştir.
Hybrid calibration method for a single camera stereo digital image correlation system
Authors: Qian Siwei , Liang Junzhe , Liang Jin , Ren Maodong
Published: June 2024

In single camera stereo digital image correlation systems, the existing calibration
methods have problems with poor accuracy and violation of theoretical
constraints, so we have proposed a hybrid calibration method. In this
study, we first explain the principles of the existing single camera
stereo measurement calibration methods. Then, on the basis of the
classical camera calibration method combined with the characteristics
of planar mirror reflection imaging, a hybrid calibration method is
proposed that not only satisfies the constraints of the same intrinsic
parameters but also has higher accuracy. Next, we complete the
mathematical model of the hybrid calibration method and explain the
specific calibration process. Finally, the experimental results of
point distance reconstruction and static displacement measurement show
that, compared with the existing calibration methods, the hybrid
calibration method has lower error and higher reconstruction
accuracy.
Mid-infrared barium titanate electro-optic modulators based on a germanium-on-silicon platform
Authors: Huang Tong , Ma Ruyuan , Liu Yingxuan , Xu Tianqi , Qiu Yang , Zhao Xingyan , Zheng Shaonan , Zhong Qize , Dong Yuan , Hu Ting
Published: June 2024

Mid-infrared electro-optic (EO) modulation
efficiency and high-frequency performance of barium titanate (BTO)
modulators on a germanium-on-silicon platform are investigated.
Leveraging its exceptional Pockels coefficients, BTO exhibits
remarkable EO modulation capabilities in both transverse-electric (TE)
mode for a-axis growth and transverse-magnetic (TM) mode for c-axis
growth. At the wavelength of 3.8 µm, the V
π
⋅L for a-axis oriented BTO (TE
polarization) is 1.90 V·cm, and for c-axis oriented BTO (TM
polarization), it is 2.32 V·cm, which have better performance
than those of the Pockels effect based EO modulators from literature.
In addition, the high-frequency EO response of the modulator is
simulated, and a 3-dB EO bandwidth of 62.82 GHz with the
optimized traveling wave electrodes is achieved, showing promise in
the high-speed MIR applications such as free-space optical
communications.
Tutorial on nonperturbative cavity quantum electrodynamics: is the Jaynes–Cummings model still relevant?
Authors: De Bernardis Daniele , Mercurio Alberto , De Liberato Simone
Published: June 2024

In this tutorial review, we briefly discuss the role that the Jaynes–Cummings model occupies in present-day research in cavity quantum electrodynamics with a particular focus on the so-called ultrastrong-coupling regime. We start by critically analyzing the various approximations required to distill such a simple model from standard quantum electrodynamics. We then discuss how many of those approximations can be, and often have been, broken in recent experiments. The consequence of these failures has been the need to abandon the Jaynes–Cummings model for more complex models. In this, the quantum Rabi model has the most prominent role, and we will rapidly survey its rich and peculiar phenomenology. We conclude the paper by showing how the Jaynes–Cummings model still plays a crucial role even in nonperturbative light–matter coupling regimes.
Physics of bunching and superbunching in superbunching pseudothermal light
Authors: Dong Yifei , Liu Jianbin , Xi Zhuoran , Zhang Huafan , Sun Yunong , Yu Kuaikuai , Liu Yanyan , Xu Zhuo
Published: June 2024

Two-photon bunching and superbunching are important to understanding the physics of ghost imaging and second-order interference of light. With the help of the recently proposed superbunching pseudothermal light, the physics of bunching and superbunching in superbunching pseudothermal light is studied in detail. A special two-photon coincidence count detection system is designed to measure the required two-photon coincidence counts. It is concluded that the two-photon superbunching effect cannot be observed without taking the intensity changing process into account. A similar conclusion holds for two-photon bunching of thermal light. The conclusions are helpful for understanding of the physics of two-photon bunching and superbunching in intensity or photon number fluctuation correlation theory.
Remote sensing image registration method based on synchronous atmospheric correction
Authors: Li Yang , Qiu Zhenwei , Chen Feinan , Sui Tangyu , Ti Rufang , Cheng Weihua , Hong Jin
Published: June 2024

Image registration is a crucial preprocessing step in remote sensing applications, integrating information from multiple images to achieve synergistic advantages. Nevertheless, aerosols characterized by spatiotemporal heterogeneity can result in the blurring of remote-sensing images, thereby compromising the accuracy of image registration. This paper begins by analyzing the basic principles of atmospheric correction and image registration. The variations in atmospheric radiative contribution caused by aerosol changes in real-world scenarios were simulated, along with an examination of the relationship between atmospheric effects and the quantity of image features. Subsequently, addressing the challenge posed by insufficient synchronicity in aerosol parameters and the influence of atmospheric effects on remote sensing image registration, we propose a registration method based on synchronous atmospheric correction. This approach utilizes the Airborne Synchronous Monitoring Atmospheric Corrector (ASMAC) to obtain aerosol optical depth and column water vapor images for synchronous atmospheric correction of remote sensing images, along with the assessment of the registration transformation matrix. Finally, airborne experiments involving ASMAC and high-resolution cameras are conducted to validate the proposed method's improvement in remote sensing image registration accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, showcasing an increase in the number of features and improvements in quantitative evaluation metrics. Specifically, the normalized correlation coefficient improved by up to 2.408%, while the normalized mutual information increased by a maximum of 1.395%, a maximum feature count and successfully matched features improvement of 21.1% and 38.5%
47 Gbps 100 m ultra-high-speed free-space visible light tricolor laser communication system utilizing time domain hybrid Huffman coding
Authors: Zhou Yuning , Xu Zengyi , Lu Zhilan , Dong Fang , Yao Li , Zhou Yingjun , Shi Jianyang , Li Ziwei , Zhang Junwen , Shen Chao , Chi Nan
Published: June 2024

The escalating demand for greater transmission capacities in the forthcoming 6 G communication landscapes necessitates the investigation of upper segments of the electromagnetic spectrum by both academic institutions and the industrial sector. This effort aims to circumvent the impending spectrum resource limitations. Against this backdrop, laser diodes (LDs) emerge as a critical technology for high-speed visible light communication (VLC), owing to their significant modulation bandwidth potential. This paper details what we believe to be a novel visible light laser communication (VLLC) system powered by red/green/blue (RGB) tricolor laser diodes. It highlights a successful 100-meter free-space transmission achieved through a time domain hybrid huffman coding (TDHHC) technique. The system's performance review unveiled impressive data transmission rates for the red, green, and blue laser diodes channels at 16.852 Gbps, 14.442 Gbps, and 15.755 Gbps, respectively, culminating in a cumulative transmission rate of 47.049 Gbps while maintaining a bit error rate (BER) beneath the stringent threshold of 3.8E-3, mandated by 7% hard decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) standards. As far as we known, this marks the highest data rate documented in a long-distance tricolor VLLC system.
Single-shot measurement of a laser waveform using plasma fluorescence in ambient air
Authors: Yeom Kyunghoon , Cho Wosik , Shin Jeong-uk , Kim Bin , Hwang Sung In , Sung Jae Hee , Kim Kyung Taec
Published: June 2024

The temporal characterization of a laser pulse is an important task in studying ultrafast laser-matter interactions. It is ideal to measure the temporal profile of the laser pulse with a single laser shot when the repetition rate is low or its interaction with matter is unstable. Here we report a new approach for the single-shot temporal characterization of a laser pulse, based on the TIPTOE (tunneling ionization with a perturbation of the time-domain observation of an electric field) method. The waveform of the laser pulse is reconstructed from the intensity modulation of plasma fluorescence emission. The result of the single-shot measurement is compared with the time-delay scanning TIPTOE measurements, supporting the validity of the single-shot measurement.
Advantages of internal reference in holographic shaping ps supercontinuum pulses through multimode optical fibers
Authors: Piscopo Linda , Collard Liam , Pisano Filippo , Balena Antonio , Vittorio Massimo De , Pisanello Ferruccio
Published: June 2024

The use of wavefront shaping has found extensive application to develop ultra-thin endoscopic techniques based on multimode optical fibers (MMF), leveraging on the ability to control modal interference at the fiber’s distal end. Although several techniques have been developed to achieve MMF-based laser-scanning imaging, the use of short laser pulses is still a challenging application. This is due to the intrinsic delay and temporal broadening introduced by the fiber itself, which requires additional compensation optics on the reference beam during the calibration procedure. Here we combine the use of a supercontinuum laser and an internal reference-based wavefront shaping system to produce focused spot scanning in multiple planes at the output of a step-index multimode fiber, without the requirement of a delay line or pulse pre-compensation. We benchmarked the performances of internal vs external reference during calibration, finding that the use of an internal reference grants better focusing efficiency. The system was characterized at different wavelengths, showcasing the wavelength resiliency of the different parameters. Lastly, the scanning of focal planes beyond the fiber facet was achieved by exploiting the chromato-axial memory effect.
Highly efficient solid-state vortex laser in a robust and simple configuration
Authors: Zhou Wei , Bao Yushuo , Xu Haowen , Liu Jun , Cai Yi , Xu Shixiang , Fan Dianyuan
Published: June 2024

Vortex beams, known as a typical form of structured light, possess numerous applications in various fields. Their widespread application prospects have then sparked an in-depth analysis of the generation and manipulation of vortex modes in an active cavity, as well as the development of high-performance vortex lasers. In this paper, we report on a new class of highly efficient and high-power Nd:YAG vortex lasers in a robust and compact configuration, which allows direct generation of vortex beams with an easily controllable topological charge both in the continuous-wave and pulsed operation regimes. The on-demand generation of intracavity vortex modes is realized based on a Q-plate by controlling the geometric phase inside the laser resonator. The maximum output power in the continuous-wave regime is 4.11 W with a slope efficiency of 37.9%. Besides, the vortex pulses are also achieved by including a Cr:YAG crystal in the cavity as a saturable absorber. The shortest pulse width is 142.8 ns at a pulse repetition rate of 232.6 kHz, with a maximum average output power of 1.05 W. Vortex modes with other topological charges can be obtained by simply changing the corresponding Q-plate without sacrificing the lasing efficiency. The experimental results can shed some light on the design and building of highly efficient and high-power vortex lasers together with a well-defined controllable topological charge, aiming at some specific applications.
Stray light analysis and suppression of high-resolution camera line-of-sight variation real-time monitoring system (LoS Var RTMS)
Authors: Liu Hongxin , Liu Chunyu , Xie Peng , Liu Shuai , Wang Xun , Zhang Yuxin , Song Weiyang , Zhao Yanfang
Published: June 2024

Due to environmental disturbances during emission and operation processes, the line-of-sight of a high-resolution camera is highly prone to variation, resulting in a significant decrease in image positioning accuracy. To address this issue, we propose a line-of-sight variation real-time monitoring system (LoS Var RTMS). A full-link active optical monitoring system is established using laser, and a high-resolution camera is coupled to a star tracker, thereby enhancing the on-orbit calibration and image positioning accuracy of the camera. However, the high-resolution camera LoS Var RTMS belongs to a high stray light sensitivity system. Stray light entering the star tracker from the high-resolution camera through the relay reflective system can significantly affect the imaging of the star tracker, leading to the failure of the monitoring system. Therefore, a comprehensive and accurate analysis of the stray light propagation path in the monitoring system is necessary to ensure its normal operation. In response to this issue, this article proposes a stray light analysis method based on the surface subdivision method, and utilizes inverse ray tracing to meticulously analyze the propagation path of stray light. Additionally, to address the impact of stray light on laser light in the LoS Var RTMS, an inner baffle polarization filtering system is designed to effectively suppress the influence of external strong stray light on the monitoring system. The results demonstrate that the stray light analysis method based on the surface subdivision method not only enhances the integrity and accuracy of the analysis of stray light propagation paths within the monitoring system, but also significantly improves the precision of stray light analysis. It provides a reference for the analysis of stray light in high stray light sensitive systems. Moreover, the design of the inner baffle polarization filtering system effectively distinguishes between lasers and stray light, suppressing stray light within the high-resolution camera LoS Var RTMS and ensuring its normal operation.
Ultra-compact microring optical isolator using an aluminum-substituted cobalt ferrite thin film
Authors: Sato Kotaro , Okano Makoto , Shoji Yuya
Published: June 2024

Yttrium iron garnets, which are typically used as magneto-optical
isolators, are not suitable for monolithic integration with photonic
circuits. We experimentally demonstrated an ultracompact microring
optical isolator using an aluminum-substituted cobalt ferrite (CAFO)
thin film directly deposited on silicon waveguides. The device
footprint was only 43×71µm2. The isolator can operate without an
external magnet owing to the strong remanent magnetization of the CAFO
film and achieved a maximum isolation ratio of 24.7 dB at a
wavelength of 1545.7 nm. Our study could facilitate integration
of nonreciprocal photonic devices on Si platforms.
Controlling the spectral persistence of a random laser
Authors: Moronta Pedro , Tartaj Pedro , Consoli Antonio , David García Pedro , Martín Moreno Luis , López Cefe
Published: June 2024

Random lasers represent a relatively undemanding technology for generating laser radiation that displays unique characteristics of interest in sensing and imaging. Furthermore, they combine the classical laser’s nonlinear response with a naturally occurring multimode character and easy fabrication, explaining why they have been recently proposed as ideal elements for complex networks. The typical configuration of a random laser consists of a disordered distribution of scattering centers spatially mixed into the gain medium. When optically pumped, these devices exhibit spectral fluctuations from pulse to pulse or constant spectra, depending on the pumping conditions and sample properties. Here, we show clear experimental evidence of the transition from fluctuating (uncorrelated) to persistent random laser spectra, in devices in which the gain material is spatially separated from the scattering centers. We interpret these two regimes of operation in terms of the number of cavity round trips fitting in the pulse duration. Only if the cavity round-trip time is much smaller than the pulse duration are modes allowed to interact, compete for gain, and build a persisting spectrum. Surprisingly this persistence is achieved if the pumping pulse is long enough for radiation in the cavity to perform some 10 round trips. Coupled-mode theory simulations support the hypothesis. These results suggest an easy yet robust way to control mode stability in random lasers and open the pathway for miniaturized systems, as, for example, signal processing in complex random laser networks.
Multi-plane vectorial holography based on a height tunable metasurface fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing
Authors: Liu Chao , Wang Hongbo , Zhao Ruizhe , Lei Yuhao , Dong Shumin , Cai Yujin , Zhou Wang , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling , Xu Ke-Mi
Published: June 2024

Metasurfaces have prompted the transformation from the investigation of scalar holography to vectorial holography and led various applications in vectorial optical field manipulation. However, the majority of previously demonstrated methods focused on the reconstruction of a vectorial holographic image located at a predefined individual image plane. The evolution of polarization transformation during propagation can provide more design freedoms for realizing three-dimensional holography with complicated polarization feature. Here, we demonstrated a Jones matrix framework to generate vectorial holographic images with continuously varied polarization distributions at multiple different image planes based on a height tunable metasurface. The proposed metasurface is composed of IP-L (a type of photoresist) nanofins with different lengths, widths, heights, as well as orientation angles fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing. Such a fabrication method is in favor of 3D arbitrary structure processing, large area fabrication, as well as fabrication on curved substrates. Meanwhile, it is easy to fabricate structures that can be integrated with other devices, including optical fibers, photodetectors, and complementary metal–oxide semiconductors. Our demonstrated method provides a feasible way to generate high-dimensional vectorial fields with longitudinally varied features from the perspective of holography and can be used in the related areas including optical trapping, sensing, and imaging.
A mathematical framework for understanding the spontaneous emergence of complexity applicable to growing multicellular systems
Authors: Zhang Lu , Xue Gang , Zhou Xiaolin , Huang Jiandong , Li Zhiyuan
Published: June 2024

In embryonic development and organogenesis, cells sharing identical genetic codes acquire diverse gene expression states in a highly reproducible spatial distribution, crucial for multicellular formation and quantifiable through positional information. To understand the spontaneous growth of complexity, we constructed a one-dimensional division-decision model, simulating the growth of cells with identical genetic networks from a single cell. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of cell division in providing positional cues, escorting the system toward states rich in information. Moreover, we pinpointed lateral inhibition as a critical mechanism translating spatial contacts into gene expression. Our model demonstrates that the spatial arrangement resulting from cell division, combined with cell lineages, imparts positional information, specifying multiple cell states with increased complexity—illustrated through examples in C.elegans. This study constitutes a foundational step in comprehending developmental intricacies, paving the way for future quantitative formulations to construct synthetic multicellular patterns.
Reduction of coastal lighting decreases seabird strandings
Authors: Burt Tori V. , Collins Sydney M. , Green Sherry , Doiron Parker B. , Wilhelm Sabina I. , Montevecchi William A.
Published: June 2024

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is negatively impacting numerous species of nocturnally active birds. Nocturnal positive phototaxis, the movement towards ALAN, is exhibited by many marine birds and can result in stranding on land. Seabird species facing major population declines may be most at risk. Leach’s Storm-Petrels (Hydrobates leucorhous) are small, threatened seabirds with an extensive breeding range in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. The Atlantic population, which represents approximately 40–48% of the global population, is declining sharply. Nocturnal positive phototaxis is considered to be a key contributing factor. The Leach’s Storm-Petrel is the seabird species most often found stranded around ALAN in the North Atlantic, though there is little experimental evidence that reduction of ALAN decreases the occurrence of stranded storm-petrels. During a two-year study at a large, brightly illuminated seafood processing plant adjacent to the Leach’s Storm-Petrel’s largest colony, we compared the number of birds that stranded when the lights at the plant were on versus significantly reduced. We recorded survival, counted carcasses of adults and juveniles, and released any rescued individuals. Daily morning surveys revealed that reducing ALAN decreased strandings by 57.11% (95% CI: 39.29% - 83.01%) per night and night surveys revealed that reducing ALAN decreased stranding of adult birds by 11.94% (95% CI: 3.47% - 41.13%) per night. The peak stranding period occurred from 25 September to 28 October, and 94.9% of the birds found during this period were fledglings. These results provide evidence to support the implementation of widespread reduction and modification of coastal artificial light as a conservation strategy, especially during avian fledging and migration periods.
Data driven approach to characterize rapid decline in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Sim John J. , Shu Yu-Hsiang , Bhandari Simran K. , Chen Qiaoling , Harrison Teresa N. , Lee Min Young , Munis Mercedes A. , Morrissette Kerresa , Sundar Shirin , Pareja Kristin , Nourbakhsh Ali , Willey Cynthia J.
Published: June 2024

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic kidney disease with high phenotypic variability. Furthering insights into patients’ ADPKD progression could lead to earlier detection, management, and alter the course to end stage kidney disease (ESKD). We sought to identify patients with rapid decline (RD) in kidney function and to determine clinical factors associated with RD using a data-driven approach. A retrospective cohort study was performed among patients with incident ADPKD (1/1/2002-12/31/2018). Latent class mixed models were used to identify RD patients using differences in eGFR trajectories over time. Predictors of RD were selected based on agreements among feature selection methods, including logistic, regularized, and random forest modeling. The final model was built on the selected predictors and clinically relevant covariates. Among 1,744 patients with incident ADPKD, 125 (7%) were identified as RD. Feature selection included 42 clinical measurements for adaptation with multiple imputations; mean (SD) eGFR was 85.2 (47.3) and 72.9 (34.4) in the RD and non-RD groups, respectively. Multiple imputed datasets identified variables as important features to distinguish RD and non-RD groups with the final prediction model determined as a balance between area under the curve (AUC) and clinical relevance which included 6 predictors: age, sex, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, hemoglobin, and proteinuria. Results showed 72%-sensitivity, 70%-specificity, 70%-accuracy, and 0.77-AUC in identifying RD. 5-year ESKD rates were 38% and 7% among RD and non-RD groups, respectively. Using real-world routine clinical data among patients with incident ADPKD, we observed that six variables highly predicted RD in kidney function.
Mitigating delay due to capacity drop near freeway bottlenecks: Zones of influence of connected vehicles
Authors: Jerath Kshitij , Gayah Vikash V. , Brennan Sean N.
Published: June 2024

We present a novel perspective on how connected vehicles can reduce total vehicular delay arising due to the capacity drop phenomenon observed at fixed freeway bottlenecks. We analytically determine spatial regions upstream of the bottleneck, calledzones of influence, where a pair of connected vehicles can use an event-triggered control policy to positively influence a measurable traffic macrostate, e.g., the total vehicular delay at bottlenecks. These analytical expressions are also able to determine the boundaries (callednullandevent horizons) of these spatial extents, outside of which a connected vehicle cannot positively influence the traffic macrostate. These concepts can help ensure that information is disseminated to connected vehicles in only those spatial regions where it can be used to positively impact traffic macrostates. Some scenarios examined in this study indicate that communication between connected vehicles may be required over a span of several kilometers to positively impact traffic flow and mitigate delays arising due to the capacity drop phenomenon.
The relationship between heart rate variability and glucose clearance in healthy men and women
Authors: Nickel Abigail , Buresh Robert , McLester Cherilyn , Canino Andre , Wilner Gabe , Vaughan Keilah , Chung Pedro , Kliszczewicz Brian
Published: June 2024

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive indicator of the activity of the autonomic nervous system, which regulates many physiological functions including metabolism. The purpose of this study was to quantify the relationship between resting markers of HRV and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) response. Eighteen healthy individuals (10 males, 8 females, (23.8±2.9 years) underwent a 10-minute resting HRV recording. The final five minutes were evaluated via Kubios HRV Standard for: root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), standard deviation of normal-to-normal sinus beats (SDNN), high frequency (HF), and low frequency (LF). A standard 2-hour OGTT was then administered. Glucose was measured via finger stick before, 30-minutes post, 1-hour post, and 2-hours post OGTT. Pearson correlations demonstrated that RMSSD, SDNN, HF and LF were strongly correlated to fasting blood glucose (FBG) for the group (p<0.05) but not for glucose area under the curve (AUC). When analyzed by sex, only males demonstrated significant correlations between AUC and RMSSD, SDNN, and LF (p<0.05). An independent samples t-test revealed no sex differences for FBG, AUC, RMSSD, SDNN, HF and LF. These findings provide new and interesting insights into the relationship of autonomic activity and glucose uptake, highlighting sex-based relationships.
Does lifelong learning matter for the subjective wellbeing of the elderly? A machine learning analysis on Singapore data
Authors: Fang Zheng , Sim Nicholas
Published: June 2024

Our study explores whether lifelong learning is associated with the subjective wellbeing among the elderly in Singapore. Through a primary survey of 300 individuals aged 65 and above, we develop a novel index to capture three different aspects of subjective wellbeing, which we term “Quality of Life”, “Satisfaction with Life” and “Psychological Wellbeing”. Utilizing both supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques, our findings reveal that attitudes towards lifelong learning are positively associated with quality of life, while participation in class activities is positively associated with all three measures of wellbeing. Although the study does not establish causality, it highlights a connection between lifelong learning and the perceived wellbeing of the elderly, offering support for policies that encourage lifelong learning among this population.
A generic blood banking and transfusion process-oriented architecture for virtual organizations
Authors: Rjoop Anwar , Elhaj Shaima’ , Tbaishat Dina , Odeh Yousra , Mansour Asem , Odeh Mohammed
Published: June 2024

Background

Blood banks are an important part of healthcare systems. They embrace critical processes that start with donor recruitment and blood collection, followed by blood processing to produce different types of blood components used in transfusions, blood storage, blood distribution, and transfusion. Blood components must be generated at high quality, preserved safely, and transfused in a timely manner. This can be achieved by operating interrelated processes within a complex network. There is no comprehensive blueprint of Blood Banking and Transfusion (BB&T) processes and their relationships; therefore, this study aims to develop and evaluate a BB&T process architecture using the Riva method.

Research design

This research adopts a design science research methodology process (DSRM) that aims to create artifacts for the purpose of serving humanity through six phases: identifying problems, identifying solutions and objectives, designing and developing artifacts, demonstrating and evaluating the artifacts, and communicating the work. The adapted DSRM process is used to build a process architecture in the BB&T unit to improve the quality and strategic planning of BB&T processes. Applying the adapted DSRM process generated four increments before the outcomes were communicated as a highly comprehensive BB&T process architecture (BB&TPA) blueprint for virtual organizations. Finally, the generated BB&TPA is tested and validated at a reference hospital.

Results

A Riva-based process architecture diagram was successfully developed, acting as a reference model for virtual BB&T organizations. It is a novel output in the domain of BB&T and can also be considered as a reference model to evaluate the existing processes in BB&T real-world units. This assists domain experts in performing gap analysis in their BB&T units and paths for developing BB&T management information systems and can be incorporated in the inspection workflow of accreditation organizations.
ELISA with recombinant antigen Lb6H validated for the diagnosis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis
Authors: Valencia-Portillo Ruth Tamara , Lindoso José Angelo , Celeste Beatriz Julieta , Bittencourt Amanda Azevedo , de Brito Maria Edileuza Felinto , Duthie Malcolm Scott , Guderian Jeffery , Guerra Jorge , Oliveira Ana Lúcia Lyrio , Reed Steven , Rocha Mussya Cisotto , Santos Nicolle Tayná , Silveira Fernando Tobias , Goto Hiro , Sanchez Maria Carmen Arroyo
Published: June 2024

American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) diagnosis is an open question, and the search for a solution is urgent. The available tests that detect the etiological agent of the infection are specific for ATL diagnosis. However, they present disadvantages, such as low sensitivity and the need for invasive procedures to obtain the samples. Immunological methods (leishmanin skin test and search for anti-Leishmania antibodies) are good alternatives to the etiological diagnosis of ATL. Presently, we face problems with disease confirmation due to the discontinuity in the production of leishmanin skin test antigen, particularly in resource-poor settings. Aiming to diagnose ATL, we validated rLb6H-ELISA for IgG antibodies using 1,091 samples from leishmaniasis patients and healthy controls, divided into four panels, living in 19 Brazilian endemic and non-endemic states. The rLb6H-ELISA showed a sensitivity of 98.6% and a specificity of 100.0%, with the reference panel comprising 70 ATL patient samples and 70 healthy controls. The reproducibility evaluation showed a coefficient of variation of positive samples ≤ 8.20% for repeatability, ≤ 17,97% for reproducibility, and ≤ 8.12% for homogeneity. The plates sensitized with rLb6H were stable at 4°C and -20°C for 180 days and 37°C for seven days, indicating 12 months of validity. In samples of ATL patients from five research and healthcare centers in endemic and non-endemic areas, rLb6H-ELISA showed a sensitivity of 84.0%; no significant statistical difference was observed among the five centers (chi-square test, p = 0.13). In samples of healthy controls from four areas with different endemicity, a specificity of 92.4% was obtained; lower specificity was obtained in a visceral leishmaniasis high endemicity locality (chi-square test, p<0.001). Cross-reactivity was assessed in 166 other disease samples with a positivity of 13.9%. Based on the good diagnostic performance and the reproducibility and stability of the antigen, we suggest using ELISA-rLb6H to diagnose ATL.
Association between dietary inflammatory index and NT-proBNP levels in US adults: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Ma Teng-Chi , Gao Feng , Liu Xin-Lu , Wang Chen-Xi , Liu Qiang , Zhou Jing
Published: June 2024

Background

With cardiovascular diseases standing as a leading cause of mortality worldwide, the interplay between diet-induced inflammation, as quantified by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), and heart failure biomarker NT-proBNP has not been investigated in the general population.

Methods

This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004, encompassing 10,766 individuals. The relationship between the DII and NT-proBNP levels was evaluated through multivariable-adjusted regression models. To pinpoint crucial dietary components influencing NT-proBNP levels, the LASSO regression model was utilized. Stratified analyses were then conducted to examine the associations within specific subgroups to identify differential effects of the DII on NT-proBNP levels across diverse populations.

Results

In individuals without heart failure, a unit increase in the DII was significantly associated with an increase in NT-proBNP levels. Specifically, NT-proBNP levels rose by 9.69 pg/mL (95% CI: 6.47, 12.91; p < 0.001) without adjustments, 8.57 pg/mL (95% CI: 4.97, 12.17; p < 0.001) after adjusting for demographic factors, and 5.54 pg/mL (95% CI: 1.75, 9.32; p = 0.001) with further adjustments for health variables. In participants with a history of heart failure, those in the second and third DII quartile showed a trend towards higher NT-proBNP levels compared to those in the lowest quartile, with increases of 717.06 pg/mL (95% CI: 76.49–1357.63, p = 0.030) and 855.49 pg/mL (95% CI: 156.57–1554.41, p = 0.018). Significant interactions were observed in subgroup analyses by age (<50: β = 3.63, p = 0.141; 50–75: β = 18.4, p<0.001; >75: β = 56.09, p<0.001), gender (men: β = 17.82, p<0.001; women: β = 7.43, p = 0.061),hypertension (β = 25.73, p<0.001) and diabetes (β = 38.94, p<0.001).

Conclusion

This study identified a positive correlation between the DII and NT-proBNP levels, suggesting a robust link between pro-inflammatory diets and increased heart failure biomarkers, with implications for dietary modifications in cardiovascular risk management.
The impact of microplastics polystyrene on the microscopic structure of mouse intestine, tight junction genes and gut microbiota
Authors: Su Qi-Ling , Wu Jiang , Tan Shao-Wen , Guo Xiao-Yun , Zou Ding-Zhe , Kang Kai
Published: June 2024

Microplastics, which are tiny plastic particles less than 5 mm in diameter, are widely present in the environment, have become a serious threat to aquatic life and human health, potentially causing ecosystem disorders and health problems. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of microplastics, specifically microplastics-polystyrene (MPs-PS), on the structural integrity, gene expression related to tight junctions, and gut microbiota in mice. A total of 24 Kunming mice aged 30 days were randomly assigned into four groups: control male (CM), control female (CF), PS-exposed male (PSM), and PS-exposed female (PSF)(n = 6). There were significant differences in villus height, width, intestinal surface area, and villus height to crypt depth ratio (V/C) between the PS group and the control group(C) (p <0.05). Gene expression analysis demonstrated the downregulation of Claudin-1, Claudin-2, Claudin-15, and Occludin, in both duodenum and jejunum of the PS group (p < 0.05). Analysis of microbial species using 16S rRNA sequencing indicated decreased diversity in the PSF group, as well as reduced diversity in the PSM group at various taxonomic levels. Beta diversity analysis showed a significant difference in gut microbiota distribution between the PS-exposed and C groups (R2 = 0.113, p<0.01), with this difference being more pronounced among females exposed to MPs-PS. KEGG analysis revealed enrichment of differential microbiota mainly involved in seven signaling pathways, such as nucleotide metabolism(p<0.05). The relative abundance ratio of transcriptional pathways was significantly increased for the PSF group (p<0.01), while excretory system pathways were for PSM group(p<0.05). Overall findings suggest that MPs-PS exhibit a notable sex-dependent impact on mouse gut microbiota, with a stronger effect observed among females; reduced expression of tight junction genes may be associated with dysbiosis, particularly elevated levels of Prevotellaceae.
Long-term clinical outcomes of image-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry
Authors: Kwon Youngjoon , Kim Namkyun , Kim Chang-Yeon , Kim Do-Hoon , Shin Hyewon , Jung Min-Su , Park Jong Sung , Park Yoon Jung , Park Bo Eun , Kim Hong Nyun , Jang Se Yong , Bae Myung Hwan , Lee Jang Hoon , Yang Dong Heon , Park Hun Sik , Cho Yongkeun , Cha Kwang Soo , Hur Seung-Ho , Hwang Jin-Yong , Jeong Myung Ho ,   on behalf of the KAMIR- NIH (Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry- National Institutes of Health) Investigators
Published: June 2024

Imaging modalities for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or optical coherence tomography (OCT), have increased in the current PCI era. However, their clinical benefits in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the long-term outcomes of image-guided PCI in patients with AMI using data from the Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. A total of 9,271 patients with AMI, who underwent PCI with second-generation drug-eluting stents between November 2011 and December 2015, were retrospectively examined, and target lesion failure (TLF) at 3 years (defined as the composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization) was evaluated. From the registry, 2,134 patients (23.0%) underwent image-guided PCI (IVUS-guided: n = 1,919 [20.6%]; OCT-guided: n = 215 patients [2.3%]). Based on propensity score matching, image-guided PCI was associated with a significant reduction in TLF (hazard ratio: 0.76; 95% confidence interval: 0.59–0.98, p = 0.035). In addition, the TLF incidence in the OCT-guided PCI group was comparable to that in the IVUS-guided PCI group (5.3% vs 4.7%, p = 0.903). Image-guided PCI, including IVUS and OCT, is associated with favorable clinical outcomes in patients with AMI at 3 years post-intervention. Additionally, OCT-guided PCI is not inferior to IVUS-guided PCI in patients with AMI.