bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Reasonable security’: A moving target
Authors: Mcginn Elizabeth E. , Shreve James , Tank Margo H. K.
Published: July 2024

‘Reasonable security’ for companies charged with protecting customer and employee data has evolved over the last 20 years. Previously, financial institutions had broader latitude on how to safeguard and adequately protect personally identifiable information (PII) under federal and state data protection laws. Today, legal and regulatory requirements and expectations regarding information data security controls are not only more prescriptive but continue to evolve as technology and those who seek to gain unauthorised access to personal information become more sophisticated. The number of governmental entities involved in information security is also increasing in the US. No longer the exclusive domain of federal regulatory agencies, state legislatures and regulators and attorneys general are issuing requirements, providing guidance and enforcing state laws to ensure that companies employ ‘reasonable security’ when collecting, handling, storing, transferring and disposing PII.
Collaboration in corporate real estate : A new opportunity for harmony through technology
Authors: Fox Steven
Published: July 2024

This paper examines divisions between different business functions that have a stake in real estate activity — with a focus on finance, property, operations and management — and how departments working independently risk inaccuracies and inefficiencies. Where teams work in isolation, they risk missing crucial nuances that may have a major impact on the integrity of data or the complex calculations being made from it. Taking the premise further, the paper goes on to argue that collaboration, aided by technology, is the only route to full visibility and accountability across an organisation.
Reach, resonance and returns: A guide to finding success in a slow-growing, extraordinary world
Authors: Gildenberg Bryan
Published: July 2024

In a world characterised by challenging economic conditions and rapidly changing consumer dynamics, marketers are going to be challenged to find new sources of demand to drive brand growth. This paper explores three important concepts marketers will need to harness to find growth in increasingly uncomfortable places: reach, resonance and returns.
Airport ownership trends in Europe
Authors: Condie Stuart
Published: July 2024

Airports have widely varying political and legal frameworks so a comprehensive picture of their ownership pattern is difficult to achieve. There is, however, academic work and other ad hoc data on airport ownership and when examined at a European level clear trends emerge. This paper considers these trends and the reasons behind them in more detail, as well as looking to what the future might hold.
The ‘Mind the Gap’ project : Investigating the difference, in performance, between design and the building ‘in-use’
Authors: Lewry Andy , Hamilton Lorna , Hadi Mindy , Bennett Jaie , Peters Richard
Published: July 2024

We have the ability to design and construct high performance buildings and the knowledge and skills to operate them in an effective and efficient manner — so why does it not happen? The difference in performance between those predicted from the design and those found in actual operation are well documented.1,2 However, the underpinning reasons for this gap in performance are generally unknown; there is a lot of speculation and hypothesis but little investigation and hard evidence. This paper discusses the ‘Mind the Gap’ project aims to collect evidence from typical exemplars of office buildings which exhibit a range of performances; investigate the reasons for their performance; determine the underpinning causes; and then present practical solutions to solve any underperformance issues. The project, and hence the paper, is aimed at all those stakeholders involved in real estate sector; from portfolio investment and management through to individual building management including all associated professions and the often-forgotten building occupiers. The first phase of the project will produce a methodology based on the learnings from five trial buildings. This will be streamlined with the process then rolled out in a second phase over a larger number of buildings to produce a statistically significant sample which covers office buildings with a full range of servicing strategies and ages. This paper: introduces and explains the concept of the performance gap; describes the ‘Mind the Gap’ project and its methodology; presents some initial data and findings.
Moving your business continuity management programme forward with recoverability measurement
Authors: Harding Michael
Published: July 2024

Business continuity professionals have traditionally focused on metrics pertaining to the number of tasks, the frequency in which they are completed, and the last time the tasks were performed. This paper suggests that it is time to elevate business continuity programmes to the next level. It describes how to set up a programme for recoverability measurement, and shares tools that can be used to measure and benchmark.
Using data-driven design to create a flexible and adaptable real estate portfolio while enhancing your employee experience
Authors: Testi Cristiano , Reissing Georgina
Published: July 2024

Using data-driven design can provide space for innovation and collaboration across the workplace, but without consulting the people who use the space and understanding their insight around their ways of working, the data can only take us so far. As Jay Baer said, ‘We are surrounded by data, but starved for insights’. These insights can drive designs forward, creating a flexible and adaptable workspace. Post-COVID-19, flexible and adaptable space has become paramount to organisations, allowing them to flex in headcount daily, adapt to unforeseen events such as sudden growth, and attract and retain top talent from further afield. It can also enhance the employee experience by offering various work settings.
Capturing the consumer in a constant stream of content
Authors: Gentile Matt
Published: July 2024

The modern world of marketing demands an aggressive digital content strategy to fill the gaps between mass media ad campaigns. The most obvious way to expand the universe of opportunities to reach consumers with a branded message is through mobile and social media marketing. Effective marketing in the digital domain requires a contemporary voice for the brand and a constant drumbeat of high-quality, low-cost digital creative, which may live online in perpetuity. This paper describes how to do this, using Century 21’s Digital Drumbeat strategy as a case in point.
Data subject consent: How will the General Data Protection Regulation affect this?
Authors: Ross Hana
Published: July 2024

EU data protection law assumes an innate right to privacy. Current consent requirements are contained in Directive 95/46/EC, which sets the standard of consent given by data subjects as ‘freely given, specific and informed’. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is due to come into force in 2018. The standard of consent is being raised to being ‘freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous’. The current Article 29 Working Party approach to consent sets a high bar. The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) has a more relaxed position than the Article 29 Working Party. Obtaining consent to direct marketing is challenging. The ICO view is that consent should be given on an opt-in rather than opt-out basis. Indirect consent is particularly difficult to obtain. Article 7(3) of the GDPR will give data subjects the right to revoke their consent at any time. The e-Privacy Directive governing electronic marketing is currently under review and will bring with it crucial changes that are expected to harmonise with the GDPR. Best practice advocates a layered approach to privacy notices. Privacy notices can be used as a tool to enhance customer engagement experiences.
Cyber risk: Leveraging a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Branfield Charlotte
Published: July 2024

The year 2019 is a critical one for thoughtful, multidisciplinary discussion on what cyber risk is and how to better enable its appropriate management. Effective board engagement and franchise management of cyber risk will require hard work and creativity; professionals from across companies’ revenue and non-revenue generating teams will need to proactively share expertise to make cyber relatable and understood in the context of their own company’s business growth and risk appetites. To benefit from these diverse perspectives, applying concepts from other areas of financial sector risk management to cyber is critical, particularly to develop more scalable and outcomes-based risk management and regulatory frameworks, public policy and supervisory techniques.
The concept of a ‘regenerative city’: How to turn cities into regenerative systems
Authors: Schurig Stefan , Turan Karina
Published: July 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the world has been going through a veritable global ‘vulnerability experience’, ultimately revealing the interconnectedness of both global and local challenges such as health, pollution and climate change, biodiversity, and food and energy supply. The pandemic has prompted us to rethink the way our cities are designed in order to promote future-proof models that are in harmony with the local conditions and our planet’s boundaries. Any visionary role model of a city, however, is only as successful as it suggests clear transition pathways. This paper intends to show that the concept of a ‘regenerative city’ is such a model. Furthermore, it seeks to encourage to look at transitional trajectories ahead, be it in the food, energy, transport or health sector, from the implementational level of a city government. The regenerative city not only preserves the capacities and capabilities of ecosystems, but actively restores them by establishing closed, efficient and consistent material cycles between the city and the surrounding area. At the same time, the regenerative city is not only aimed at the regeneration of resources and the efficiency of ecosystems, it also has to regenerate its public spaces and built environments in a human-centred fashion, rather than centred on individual car use. One of the determining factors of a regenerative city aiming for greater resilience will be whether or not it is able to establish a restorative relationship with its environment, its hinterlands, and build a circular metabolism of goods.
Serena, Inc.: Using Instagram to build brand equity after a crisis
Authors: Hachtmann Frauke
Published: July 2024

Serena Williams is one of the most successful athletes of all time. In addition to dominating the professional tennis circuit for decades, she has also built a massive business empire while becoming a first-time mother and wife. During this time of transition, Williams experienced a significant crisis moment during the 2018 US Open. Williams did not publicly acknowledge or apologise for the crisis and instead focused on a new sense of direction after living through the experience, much of which is documented and promoted on her Instagram account. This exploratory case study focuses on Serena Williams’s use of Instagram as a crisis communication strategy to repair her reputation and protect the value of her brand. The study centres on reputation repair in post-crisis communication, in particular on the rhetoric of renewal, which concentrates on the positive view of an organisation’s future instead of ongoing discussions about crisis and responsibility. An analysis of 421 of Williams’s Instagram posts over a two-year time span revealed that Williams used Instagram primarily to share private family moments, remind audiences about her legacy, and to build a business empire. The six themes that emerged suggest useful lessons for practitioners looking to use Instagram not only to mitigate a crisis but to build brand equity at the same time.
Revolutionising the consumer banking experience with artificial intelligence
Authors: Carpenter Tiffany
Published: July 2024

FinTechs, disruptors and regulators are rapidly transforming the banking industry — how can your bank stay ahead of the curve? In recent years, the banking sector has witnessed profound changes in customer expectations driven by technology, the Internet and challenger banks. Now a new type of competition is entering the market in the form of the big successful technology companies: Google, Facebook, Apple and Amazon. With their deep pockets, digital-first business models and laser focus on customer experience, banks could lose more than market share: they risk becoming relegated to the equivalent of a utility. To stay relevant and compete, it is imperative that banks embrace technology-driven changes, break down barriers to change and disrupt themselves digitally instead of protecting and preserving antiquated business models. This paper outlines how banks can harness the power of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to get ahead of these challenges and radically transform to win in the era of customer experience.
Factors influencing community recovery decision making: A case study of the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfires
Authors: Woolf Erica T.
Published: July 2024

When large-scale disasters impact entire communities, those communities must in turn collectively negotiate the recovery process and associated recovery decisions. While these decisions affect the recovery outcomes of the community as a whole, they also affect the community’s constituent members. How resources are allocated, and which interests are privileged during recovery can contribute to the varying recovery outcomes experienced by different members of a community. In this context, the process of deciding who gets what, when and how during recovery becomes especially relevant. This paper summarises results from a single-case, exploratory case study which examined the recovery decision-making experiences of community groups following the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfires. The study asked: Which factors influenced whether and how the values, perceptions, needs and interests of community groups in Fort McMurray were identified, solicited and prioritised in the recovery decision-making process following the wildfires? From the study, three factors emerged as influential to the recovery decision-making experiences of these community groups: organisational relationships, organisational capacity and the perceived value of nonprofit organisations. The study suggests that these factors may influence how disaster impacted communities solicit, identify and prioritise competing interests during recovery, and offers suggestions for practical improvement of the recovery process.
Infrared thermography: Is it just a question of ‘point and report’?
Authors: O'Callaghan Brendan
Published: July 2024

Infrared technology is becoming more widely used as a fast, reliable and non-destructive test technique. Training is critical using infrared thermography to be able to interpret images correctly and to detect anomalies in construction. Before interpreting the readings the basic principles of measuring infrared radiation and the infrared radiation characteristics of the particular material being measured need to be understood. Both will affect the quality and value of the technology to client and thermographer.
The payments tripod: A tool for understanding the future payments landscape
Authors: Ismail Arif
Published: July 2024

Payment systems are complex. Predicting where these systems are going is like playing blackjack … or is it? This paper introduces three lenses (3Ss), which, if unpacked craftily, can provide more calculated predictions of a future landscape. The main proposition is that regulation matters — above any other variable in the payments world. The paper builds towards understanding the future of payment systems through a framework entitled ‘the payments tripod’. The South African case is used to illustrate how the payments tripod model works in practice. The paper concludes with implications for practitioners, regulators and academics.
Smart stacking of machine learning and semantic technologies in media management
Authors: Hubbard Sally , Harlow Maureen , Livanos-Propst Athina
Published: July 2024

The television sector has well-established industry standards and conventions around the description of franchises, shows, episodes and other aspects of production and distribution. However, time-based metadata describing specific moments and clips are much rarer. This is in large part because, without augmentative or assistive technology, such metadata is hard to produce at scale and at sufficient quality. This paper describes a project at the US-based Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) that combined machine learning and semantic technology to provide time-based metadata describing moving image content that both linked back to and enriched the organisation’s broader information domain. The content chosen for the project was a selection of episodes from ‘Sesame Street’, the long-running and much-fêted show aimed at preschoolers produced by the Sesame Workshop, and the featured taxonomy (part of a larger in-development PBS knowledge graph) was developed by the PBS Education division.
Summary of the current operational epidemiological modelling landscape
Authors: Schlegelmilch Jeff , Lenart Brienne , King Linda Bergonzi , Schnelle Debra D. , Lynn Difato Theresa , Smith Stewart D. , Smith Amanda , Wireman Jody R.
Published: July 2024

Through the National Center for Integrated Civilian-Military Domestic Disaster Medical Response, the Yale New Haven Center for Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response and US Northern Command have initiated a study to determine the requirements of a national operational epidemiological modelling process. During a public health emergency, decision makers often require a variety of epidemiological information, including prospective forecasts that can be made available in the form of models. Currently, there is no formal process across US Government agencies and departments to synchronise epidemiological models with response organisations. The research presented here summarises the landscape of the modelling and consequence management communities for the purpose of informing the development of a proposed national operational epidemiological modelling process.
The end of the waterfall: Default resources of central counterparties
Authors: Cont Rama
Published: July 2024

Central counterparties (CCPs) have become pillars of the new global financial architecture following the financial crisis of 2008. The key role of CCPs in mitigating counterparty risk and contagion has in turn cast them as systemically important financial institutions whose eventual failure may lead to potentially serious consequences for financial stability, and prompted discussions on CCP risk management standards and safeguards for recovery and resolutions of CCPs in case of failure. We contribute to the debate on CCP default resources by focusing on the incentives generated by the CCP loss allocation rules for the CCP and its members and discussing how the design of loss allocation rules may be used to align these incentives in favour of outcomes which benefit financial stability. After reviewing the ingredients of the CCP loss waterfall and various proposals for loss recovery provisions for CCPs, we examine the risk management incentives created by different ingredients in the loss waterfall and discuss possible approaches for validating the design of the waterfall. We emphasise the importance of CCP stress tests and argue that such stress tests need to account for the interconnectedness of CCPs through common members and cross-margin agreements. A key proposal is that capital charges on assets held against CCP default funds should depend on the quality of the risk management of the CCP, as assessed through independent stress tests.
Location strategy for US-based office operations: Driving significant financial and workforce returns through best-practice location strategy development
Authors: Lessard Jeffrey
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the best practice approach for selecting the optimal location for new or relocating business operations. It reviews how to identify functional candidates for relocation, assessing the financial feasibility of relocation, alternative transition strategies, identifying the optimal alternative location for the operation, and on the-ground investigation of alternative locations, and incentives. The paper notes the importance of human capital and operational excellence as drivers of location strategy.
Users are not stupid: Six cyber security pitfalls overturned
Authors: Haney Julie
Published: July 2024

The skilled and dedicated professionals who strive to improve cyber security may unwittingly fall victim to misconceptions and pitfalls that hold other people back from reaching their full potential of being active partners in security. These pitfalls often reflect the cyber security community’s dependence on technology and failure to fully appreciate the human element. This paper offers cyber security professionals a primer so they can recognise and overcome six human element pitfalls in cyber security. In addition to gaining an awareness of these pitfalls, readers will learn about specific strategies on how to improve cyber security and empower users by addressing the human element in their organisations’ cyber security products, processes and policies.
Squatter settlements’ impact on perception of security in mass housing schemes in developing African cities : The case of Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Bamidele Tosin , Adedayo Olatunde , Michieletto Manlio , Yahaya-Loko Nasirdeen
Published: July 2024

Squatter settlements have over the years been characterised by their overcrowding, poor living conditions and the danger they pose to their immediate surroundings. These dwellings evolve as illegal encroachment into areas that are nearby affecting social and economic opportunities. This creates an imbalance in social interaction between squatter settlement dwellers and residents of organised estates. A major result of this action is that the former often becomes a hub for criminals and the latter a target for criminal occurrences. This paper aims at assessing the impact the formation of squatter settlements has on mass housing developments from a security viewpoint. The study concentrated on ten districts in Abuja where mass housing developments and squatter settlements coexist. The methodology adopted for this paper is a mixed-method approach with the use of questionnaires, interviews and an observation checklist. The data obtained was analysed using descriptive statistics from SPSS. The results are presented in tables, charts and figures while pictures are used to assist with the visual understanding of the phenomena observed during the study which help explain some of the data. The results ascertained that the squatter settlements will continue to pose a security challenge to urban dwellers in the mass housing estates and the city at large if plans are not put in place to include these informal habitats in the overall city planning and development by the responsible authorities. The paper concludes by suggesting that affordable dwelling spaces for low-income earners should be included in the design of estates for the residents of Abuja.
Rumour has it: Modelling credibility, reputation and franchise risk
Authors: Sobehart J. R.
Published: July 2024

For most institutions it takes years to acquire a good reputation and recognition, but it can take a single adverse event to destroy a firm's reputation and franchise value completely and put the institution out of business. In financial matters, as in any other aspects of life, people can have a variety of degrees of trust in the information they receive, which affects the probability they assign to uncertain events and how they perceive credibility and reputation. Here the authors focus primarily on credibility using a probabilistic behavioural approach that quantifies investors’ and customers’ trust in a given firm.
How digital and social media helped 100-year-old Louisville Slugger brand stay relevant
Authors: Whitaker Matt , Schlegel Kyle
Published: July 2024

Louisville Slugger was a brand that was long on history and short on a successful social media plan. Being the no. 1 bat of Major League Baseball meant little when sales with young players and coaches were fading. Slugger knew it would not be long until the youth of today turned into the baseball superstars of tomorrow, so together with integrated marketing agency MEplusYOU, it focused on crafting a smart, experiential-based digital plan and rebranding its storied brand. Rebranding the long-time client meant zeroing in on its purpose and using this to shift the brand’s focus naturally to innovation and engagement with fans and the Major League Baseball community. Even with seasoned brands like Louisville Slugger, maintaining brand relevance in a constantly evolving technical world can be difficult. MEplusYOU wanted to build on the brand’s heritage in a way that not only encouraged massive social interaction, but also engaged fans in the real world. By creating a marketing plan designed to smash the stereotype of a historic brand out of touch with the players of today, Louisville Slugger rebranded to become a company built on purpose. This critical shift built community — and was a lesson in innovation and modernisation.
Digital marketing strategies for entering the Chinese market
Authors: Mcdougall Mathew
Published: July 2024

With China’s emergence as an economic powerhouse, many multinational companies have looked to it to grow their profit margins by selling to the increasingly large Chinese middle class. This group, estimated at about 300 million people, is young, educated, mobile-enabled and digitally savvy. Marketers have naturally turned to social media marketing to connect and engage with these consumers. Given the differences between Chinese and Western social media marketing, the influence of the Chinese government and rapidly shifting online behaviours, this market segment has increasingly attracted the attention of academic and industry researchers intrigued by the impact of these changes on social media practitioners, especially Western marketers working to understand the Chinese landscape. This paper describes key features of the Chinese internet and the key platforms and media therein, and presents perspective, insights and implications that practitioners may consider when planning the strategy for and execution of a Chinese social media programme.
Mobile money transfer services: The next phase in the evolution of person-to-person payments
Authors: Merritt Cynthia
Published: July 2024

Money transfer schemes have evolved to the next generation of electronic payments — the mobile channel. Money transfer services for both domestic and international remittances are shifting from traditional providers to wireless carriers who are able to compete for consumer market share on the basis of technological ubiquity and lower-cost services. This paper reviews developments in mobile money transfers, the emerging ecosystem, and its participants and business models. It also examines the implications of payment systems roaming across geographic borders with their respective legal and regulatory jurisdictions, as well as the emergence of mobile airtime as an alternative currency. The risk environment for mobile money is examined in the context of both developed and emerging countries and in light of the participation of banks and non-bank telecom firms.
The profession of being social: Developing an effective and purposeful social media strategy for an airport
Authors: Malinowski Heather
Published: July 2024

Social media has opened a new door for businesses. It has the unique ability to allow customers to interact with organisations anytime, anywhere, without needing to actually be at the business. Since airports do not interact directly with their passengers, but run the ‘behind the scenes’ operations, this opportunity is not one that can be passed up. As more and more businesses enter into the world of social media, it is important to have a strategy in place to help separate oneself from one’s competitors and establish the desired identity and relationship with passengers and community.
Green branding: A successful digital strategy
Authors: Schiniotakis Nikos , Divini Katerina
Published: July 2024

Amid energy concerns due to the war in Europe and the reduction of energy reserves, how much are internet users and consumers positively influenced by a site with characteristics that indicate an environmentally friendly brand name? This paper presents strategies for creating an online eco-friendly brand name. In addition, with the help of an online artificial intelligence application, it examines traffic and other characteristics on business sites that adhere to some specific criteria such as eco-friendly logos, content, products and site design.
Why the General Data Protection Regulation is likely to disrupt core digital marketing channels in Europe
Authors: Hemsley Marcus
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the impact the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will have on digital marketing for businesses within the European Union. It discusses the direct risks to e-mail marketing and using affiliates, brokers and joint-venture partners for new business acquisition. It argues that GDPR will have an indirect impact on all marketing channels as the reduction in new business, through the likes of e-mail marketing and affiliates, will lead to companies moving their marketing spend into other activities. This will increase competition among advertisers, pushing up costs in areas such as pay-per-click advertising. Finally, this paper offers two potential strategies to deal with the disruption that GDPR may cause, and help businesses get ahead of competitors, who are being reactive.
Building a risk framework under AIFMD
Authors: Tykoczinski Isabelle
Published: July 2024

The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD), in line with the current wave of new regulations, puts a very strong emphasis on the requirements for a robust and comprehensive risk management framework. The alternative investment industry is now facing numerous challenges to upgrade its current operations to become compliant with AIFMD. This paper covers the scope of risk requirements introduced within AIFMD and reviews what it means in practice to design and implement a range of risk policies and principles required to be consistent with AIFMD risk requirements.
Cross-functional workflows for digital projects in a small academic library: A case study
Authors: Fried Rebecca , Greenwood Amanda , Chatnik Corinne
Published: July 2024

In 2021, Union College’s Schaffer Library received a National Historical Publications and Records Commission grant from the National Archives and Records Administration to digitise and make accessible a large, and highly requested, collection of materials from one of the institution’s most famous alumni, John Bigelow. Collaborating with the department of Special Collections and Archives, the department of Content and Digital Library Systems had to quickly transform workflows for what had been mostly ad hoc projects into workflows that supported production-level scanning, metadata and digital collection output. In service to this output, a search was made for a new digital space to accommodate the size and robust description of the collection. As Union is a small liberal arts college, the project team also hired an unorthodox group of people to handle and scan the archival material: their undergraduate students. This paper introduces the backgrounds of the collection and the grant; illustrates the various work plans and workflows of the processes; and discusses challenges and opportunities encountered along the way. Brief descriptions of concurrent digital projects related to the grant are also given.
Review of the EU post-trade legislation: Draft regulation to amend CSDR and regulation on a DLT pilot regime for markets infrastructures
Authors: Marsal Pierre
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to examine the two most recent EU initiatives to update the existing regulatory framework for central securities depositories (CSDs). First, it analyses and evaluates the draft regulation released on 16th March, 2022, which amends the existing CSDs Regulation (CSDR) of 2014, including simplifying the passporting process and enhancing cooperation among competent and relevant authorities. It also establishes a more targeted scope for the CSDR's settlement discipline regime. The proposed simplification measures indeed appear timely, but it remains to be seen whether they will increase competition and improve settlement efficiency. Secondly, it assesses the challenges of the existing EU legal framework for digitalising post-trade activities. It concludes that the existing framework does not permit the full tokenisation of the settlement of token securities, and thus it requires adaptation. Against this backdrop, the paper fully supports the stepwise regulatory approach followed by the EU. The recently adopted regulation creating a pilot regime to test Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) market infrastructures and allow them to be exempted from some existing requirements temporarily will help identify possible medium-term options for a suitable legal framework. Meanwhile, users should remain alert to the fact that exemptions remain proportionate and are conducive to improving CSDs' efficiency.
Digitising investing in the light of behavioural finance findings
Authors: Vandenbroucke Jurgen
Published: July 2024

Investing is still very much the least digitised banking service. All too often, digitisation boils down to cold automation, which explains why digital conversion rates are well below those at a branch. This paper discusses that, in order to be successful, the process needs to (over)compensate the lack of human encouragement in a digital context. In this paper, we demonstrate how behavioural finance enhances the business value of digital investing. Use cases illustrate the power of insights from behavioural economics such as framing, nudging and refined investor profiling. We propose three important metrics to guide the digitisation of investing: conversion, rejuvenation and retention.
Greek airports in transition: From public ownership to PPP concessions
Authors: Arvanitis Pavlos , Papatheodorou Andreas
Published: July 2024

The third air transport liberalisation package in the EU was fully implemented in Greece in July 1998. Nevertheless, little has changed since then in terms of the geographical dispersion of air traffic flows. The recent financial downturn of the Greek economy led to a substantial deterioration of traffic, particularly in the domestic market. The Greek state concluded an airport concession tender process in late 2014 with potentially important repercussions not only for the 14 regional airports in question but also for the wider aviation market in Greece. Nonetheless, a newly elected government announced in early 2015 that it will re-examine the whole issue, building, among other factors, on the opinions, concerns and reactions expressed by various interested groups including senior staff in affected airports. On these grounds, the present paper discusses the findings of semi-structured telephone interviews with all 39 Greek airport managers to identify the rationale behind this stance. Moreover, issues related to airport operations and development prospects are addressed from various viewpoints. The paper concludes with policy suggestions, taking into account the existing literature on airport management and ownership while combining the findings from desk and empirical research undertaken by the authors.
Caught in the web: Pitfalls of electronic communications
Authors: Yerzak E. J.
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the regulatory interest in and examination focus on electronic messaging at financial institutions. The regulatory landscape for recordkeeping at broker-dealers and registered investment advisers is discussed in the context of enforcement actions for alleged recordkeeping failures. Practical considerations are offered to enable compliance professionals to monitor and supervise electronic messaging.
The future of cryptocurrency and Blockchain technology in finance
Authors: Wanyi Wong , Megargel Alan
Published: July 2024

Cryptocurrencies have been all the rage in recent years, drawing many to hold them as speculative investment assets. Its proponents also champion the secure and decentralised nature of the technology it is based on, called the Blockchain. Given the secure nature of Blockchain technology, the idea of adopting cryptocurrencies as legal tender currency has also been mooted and experimented with — the most famous example being the Central American nation of El Salvador’s bold move to adopt the cryptocurrency Bitcoin as legal tender in September 2021. In theory, this would provide a solution to the high transaction costs faced by overseas El Salvadoreans when transferring money home and to the lack of bank accounts in the case of 70 per cent of its population — Bitcoin does not require a bank account and can be transferred across borders easily. However, even though individual consumers seem to evince interest in adopting cryptocurrencies as legal tender, most countries have little appetite to do so or to integrate their use into their citizens’ lives. Does cryptocurrency have a future as a legal tender currency or as an investment asset? If not, what are the potential future developments? This paper examines and attempts to answer these questions by (i) analysing the pros and cons of adopting cryptocurrencies as legal tender; (ii) discussing alternative uses for the Blockchain technology behind cryptocurrency; and (iii) reviewing regulatory challenges to cryptocurrency as an investible asset.
How downtown multifunctionality is packaged is a key to its success
Authors: Milder N. David
Published: July 2024

In the large downtowns in the US, the adaption rates and impacts of remote work have been strong and sparked efforts to make these districts far more multifunctional, especially by adding lots of new housing. While comparable city centres in Western Europe have not seen remote work have similar impacts on office occupancy, multifunctionalism has long been heralded as a factor that makes them strong. For example, it underpins their two key competitive advantages of dense agglomeration and the generation of many multipurpose trips. While multifunctionalism is a familiar concept and is often mentioned in relevant publications, there is amazingly little written about it theoretically, and little to no empirical research done on it. I took on that topic in a recent paper in which I noted that how downtown multifunctionality is ‘packaged’ in the physical containers in which the venues of these functions are activated, and how they physically relate to each other, are very often the key factors in determining whether efforts to make a downtown more multifunctional will succeed. I also argued that a function must have very magnetic destinations active in these containers. This paper focuses just on the topic of packaging functions and is an expansion of my prior analysis that covers much new ground.
Digitising a major archive for public access
Authors: Lacalle Maria P.
Published: July 2024

The archives department of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) has been engaged in a large-scale text digitisation project since March 2008. The project’s ultimate objective is to digitise 1.8 million pages of historic textual material. The Archives database presently contains over 1.6 million pages of textual records and over 55,000 photographs. This project is unique in a number of ways. Although many academic libraries, museums and government agencies have embarked on such large-scale digitisation projects, JDC is a not-for-profit international humanitarian assistance organisation. JDC has a long-standing commitment to archiving the institution’s 100-year history, but a project of this scale was the first of its kind for JDC. Running a large-scale digitisation project at a not-for-profit institution with a very limited budget has resulted in a unique set of project specifications, procedures and tools. This paper describes the project from inception to implementation, suggests future directions and offers some lessons learned and strategies garnered along the way.
Know your customer: Unravelling the challenges
Authors: Von Haenisch Hans-Joachim , Egner Thomas
Published: July 2024

Regulated financial institutions must conduct regular know-your-customer (KYC) reviews on corporate clients to prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorism. However, national add-on requirements and regulatory discrepancies challenge the vision of a unified Europe, hindering the creation of an efficient, digital and hence scalable pan-European anti-money laundering (AML) process for all stakeholders who are active beyond their national borders. The current inability of banks to introduce efficient but robust pan- European KYC processes delays customers’ access to finance and other banking products, and indirectly impedes the free movement of goods, services and capital. The European Commission plans to introduce the Anti-Money Laundering Regulation (AMLR) to harmonise and strengthen the EU AML framework. This could reduce national divergences, allowing for a level playing field across the internal market and consistent application of provisions throughout the EU. Unfortunately, harmonised regulation alone does not solve the current issues faced by financial institutions. While a harmonised rulebook provides certainty related to ‘what’ needs to be done, significant pan-European discrepancies remain related to ‘how’ the requirements can be fulfilled. For example, the EU has directed all member states to establish commercial and beneficial ownership registers, but left the design of such registers under the authority of the member state. Consequently, banks active on a pan-European level have to adjust their processes based on the type and content of the national register. Also, the definition of what constitutes a politically exposed person (PEP) varies significantly across the EU, as do the enhanced due diligence requirements which are triggered upon the identification of such a PEP. This paper provides suggestions on how EU member states can help the financial industry in a joint effort to prevent money laundering and combat the financing of terrorism more effectively. The objective of this discussion is to create a streamlined and unified approach to KYC processes across Europe.
Frontiers in social data for real estate
Authors: Marsh Melissa
Published: July 2024

The workplace data landscape is evolving rapidly. The rise of coworking, the adoption of building technology and the ubiquity of smartphones are already transforming workplaces. Businesses can harness these new sources of data to improve their performance, provided they have an appetite for experimentation. Corporate real estate (CRE) professionals and thought leaders in workplace data discuss trends and areas of future development in workplace data practice. Particular focus is paid to metrics and techniques in the areas of social network analysis, people analytics, human performance and the workplace experience. Predictive models, data privacy and potential pitfalls for early adopters are also discussed.
The great upgrade : Why human performance metrics will drive the future of the workplace
Authors: Davis Kate , Fallon Elizabeth , Lindberg Casey
Published: July 2024

As we redefine the workplace in the post- COVID-19 era, one question looms large: how should we measure success? This paper offers an overview of the changing work landscape and discuss why the metrics we used to assess workplace performance yesterday will not work today — or tomorrow. Instead, the paper offers advice on how to devise workplace performance metrics that better align with business goals and employee engagement. In doing so it considers why we should lean into the current disruption of workplace metrics to reconsider long held standards of measurement for workplace efficiency, compares effectiveness between traditional and new measures focused on effectiveness and efficiency of hybrid workplaces and defines how new metrics offer opportunities to activate any organisation’s single biggest investment — its talent.
Bank payment obligation: The missing link?
Authors: De Meijer Carlo R. W. , Menon Manoj
Published: July 2024

Letters of credit (L/C) have long been mainstays for companies conducting international trade. In the past decade, corporate clients have increasingly shifted away from these traditional trade finance instruments towards trading on direct open account. Thereby, buyers pay according to the payment terms, usually upon receipt of the goods, with no involvement from a bank to cover any shortfall if a problem arises. While open account speeds up the trade cycle, the financial crisis has highlighted that open account settlement exposes exporters to the risk of non-payment and the difficulty of raising finance that were previously mitigated by L/Cs. The main challenge is how to minimise these risks and difficulties inherent in open account trading on one hand, while avoiding the ‘negatives’ of an L/C in terms of manual, paper-based and labour-intensive processing. In response to these needs, SWIFT has developed and launched a solution called bank payment obligation (BPO), in order to enrich the portfolio of trade finance services that banks offer their corporates, and to continue reducing the reliance on costly paper-based systems and processes. There is a growing belief in the potential of BPO to become standard trade practice for open account processing in the coming years. The future of the BPO has received a firm boost with its endorsement by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and the transfer of governance to the ICC, with a formal calendar of work to reach standardisation around 2013. The BPO is currently being tested by some of the banks and corporates in the ICC Working Group. Going forward, the number of BPO users is set to increase on the back of surging demand for collaborative supply chain financing solutions.
Divesting from Facebook and Instagram
Authors: Cassel Andrew
Published: July 2024

Scrolling down to the bottom of almost any higher education website reveals logos from a company that is well known for losing data, adversely affecting mental health and adding to political division in countries around the world. Those logos are for Meta products Facebook and Instagram. For years there was no question that including those logos on the page indicated a way for prospective students to learn more about the school. In 2023 those logos are less a display of value-added content and more an endorsement of Meta as a company. In this paper that endorsement is called into question. Audiences are changing, engagement patterns are changing and the value of Meta platforms themselves is changing. This paper examines strategic and moral reasons to step away from Meta, offers suggestions for paths beyond Meta, and calls on higher education marketers to reconsider how and why they use Facebook and Instagram to connect with current and prospective students.