bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive Value of CT Perfusion Imaging on the Basis of Automatic Segmentation Algorithm to Evaluate the Collateral Blood Flow Status on the Outcome of Reperfusion Therapy for Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gong Qingsong , Yu Botao , Wang Mengjie , Chen Min , Xu Haowen , Gao Jianbo
Published: November 2021

Our objective was to study the predictive value of CT perfusion imaging based on automatic segmentation algorithm for evaluating collateral blood flow status in the outcome of reperfusion therapy for ischemic stroke. All data of 30 patients with ischemic stroke reperfusion in our hospital were collected and examined by CT perfusion imaging. Convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm was used to segment perfusion imaging map and evaluate the results. The patients were grouped by regional leptomeningeal collateral score (rLMCs). Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of collateral blood flow on brain CT perfusion. The modified Scandinavian Stroke Scale was used to evaluate the prognosis of patients, and the effects of different collateral flow conditions on prognosis were obtained. The accuracy of CNN segmentation image is 62.61%, the sensitivity is 87.42%, the similarity coefficient is 93.76%, and the segmentation result quality is higher. Blood glucose (95% CI = 0.943,

P
=
0.028

) and ischemic stroke history (95% CI = 0.855,

P
=
0.003

) were independent factors affecting the collateral blood flow status of stroke patients. CBF (95% CI = 0.818,

P
=
0.008

) and CBV (95% CI = 0.796,

P
=
0.016

) were independent influencing factors of CT perfusion parameters. After 3 weeks of onset, the prognostic function defect score of the good collateral flow group (11.11%) was lower than that of the poor group (41.67%) (

P
<
0.05

). The automatic segmentation algorithm has more accurate segmentation ability for stroke CT perfusion imaging and plays a good auxiliary role in the diagnosis of clinical stroke reperfusion therapy. The collateral blood flow state based on CT perfusion imaging is helpful to predict the treatment outcome of patients with ischemic stroke and further predict the prognosis of patients.
Is the Improvement of CSR Helpful in Business Performance? Discussion of the Interference Effects of Financial Indicators from a Financial Perspective
Authors: Lin Chih-Wei , Tan Wei Peng , Lee Su-Shiang , Mao Tso-Yen
Published: November 2021

To achieve sustainable business operations, corporate betting on the implementation of social responsibility has become a trend of global concern. Therefore, companies that pay attention to and invest many resources in corporate social responsibility (CSR) have gradually become critical strategies for business operations. This strategy has a substantial effect on business performance, especially regarding the financial impact. This study aims to explore the effect of CSR improvement on financial performance, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), size, debt ratio, and asset turnover on its interference. A total of 346 items of data from Taiwan companies that have won the “CommonWealth Corporate Citizenship Award” from 2012 to 2018 were analyzed via descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression methods to determine the influence and adjustment of various factors layer by layer. CSR, firm size, debt ratio, and asset turnover have a significant prediction on ROA. CSR, firm size, and turnover have a significant prediction on ROE. Firm size and debt ratio have a significant negative moderation effect on CSR to ROA. The debt ratio has a significant negative moderation effect on CSR to ROE. This study concludes that CSR has a significant impact on business performance. CSR affects ROA moderated by firm size and ROA and ROE moderated by debt ratio. This study puts forward practical and future research suggestions for the relevant units to promote CSR development.
Nonlinear Behaviour of Concrete Buttress Dams under High‐Frequency Excitations Taking into Account Topographical Amplifications
Authors: Abbasiverki Roghayeh , Malm Richard , Ansell Anders , Nordström Erik
Published: November 2021

Concrete buttress dams could potentially be susceptible to high‐frequency vibrations, especially in the cross‐stream direction, due to their slender design. Previous studies have mainly focused on low‐frequency vibrations in stream direction using a simplified foundation model with the massless method, which does not consider topographic amplifications. This paper therefore investigates the nonlinear behaviour of concrete buttress dams subjected to high‐frequency excitations, considering cross‐stream vibrations. For comparison, the effect of low‐frequency excitations is also investigated. The influence of the irregular topography of the foundation surface on the amplification of seismic waves at the foundation surface and thus in the dam is considered by a rigorous method based on the domain‐reduction method using the direct finite element method. The sensitivity of the calculated response of the dam to the free‐field modelling approach is investigated by comparing the result with analyses using an analytical method based on one‐dimensional wave propagation theory and a massless approach. Available deconvolution software is based on the one‐dimensional shear wave propagation to transform the earthquake motion from the foundation surface to the corresponding input motion at depth. Here, a new deconvolution method for both shear and pressure wave propagation is developed based on an iterative time‐domain procedure using a one‐dimensional finite element column. The examples presented showed that topographic amplifications of high‐frequency excitations have a significant impact on the response of this type of dam. Cross‐stream vibrations reduced the safety of the dam due to the opening of the joints and the increasing stresses. The foundation modelling approach had a significant impact on the calculated response of the dam. The massless method produced unreliable results, especially for high‐frequency excitations. The free‐field modelling with the analytical method led to unreliable joint openings. It is therefore recommended to use an accurate approach for foundation modelling, especially in cases where nonlinearity is considered.
Correlation Analysis between the Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori Resistance and the Antibiotic Use Density in a Hospital from 2012 to 2018
Authors: Ru Chenglin , Yin Li , Tian Lixia , Wang Lanxiang , Yao Yi , Kang Lin , Li Jinping
Published: November 2021

Objective. To explore the correlation between the resistance characteristics of Helicobacter pylori (HP) and antibiotic use density (AUD) in a hospital from 2012 to 2018. Methods. HP strains isolated from Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2012 to 2018 were collected to analyze the drug resistance of clarithromycin, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole, and their correlation with the AUD of the outpatient department and inpatient department was analyzed, respectively. Results. From 2012 to 2018, metronidazole-resistant strains accounted for the largest proportion, followed by clarithromycin and levofloxacin, and amoxicillin-resistant strains accounted for the least. In 2012–2018, the resistance rate of clarithromycin, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole has basically increased year by year; from 2012 to 2018, the highest outpatient AUD in a hospital was amoxicillin, followed by clarithromycin and levofloxacin, metronidazole was the lowest, and the inpatient AUD from high to low was levofloxacin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin. The drug resistance rate of HP in the hospital from 2012 to 2018 was positively correlated with the AUD of clarithromycin (r = 0.884,

P
=
0.017

) and levofloxacin (r = 0.934,

P
=
0.002

) in the outpatient department. Conclusions. Helicobacter pylori has the strongest resistance to metronidazole and the worst resistance to amoxicillin in the hospital from 2012 to 2018, being related to the intensity of clarithromycin and levofloxacin in the outpatient department. It may provide certain reference significance for the clinical treatment of Helicobacter pylori.
Weighted Reconstruction and Improved Eigenclass Combination Method for the Detection of Bearing Faults
Authors: Du Zhengyu , Ma Jie , Ma Chao , Huang Min , Sun Weiwei
Published: November 2021

Aiming at the difficulty of extracting and classifying early bearing faults, a fault diagnosis method based on weighted average time-varying filtering empirical mode decomposition and improved eigenclass is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the bearing fault signal is decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode functions by the signal decomposition method, and the amplitude of the component is modulated by the weighted average method to enhance the fault impulse component. Then, the fractional Fourier transform is used to filter the reconstructed signal. Regarding classification issues, the eigenclass classifier is optimized by the IDE method that can be used for feature dimensionality reduction. Finally, the optimal features are selected and input into the IDE-EigenClass model. The experimental results show that the bearing fault diagnosis method proposed in this paper has higher accuracy and stability than the traditional PNN, SVM, BP, and other methods.
A Survey on Caching in Mobile Edge Computing
Authors: Zhao Yuhan , Zhang Wei , Zhou Longquan , Cao Wenpeng
Published: November 2021

Boosted by the visions of 5G technology, along with the proliferation of IoT devices, we are lucky to bear witness of a tremendous shift within the Internet, mobile computing, and ubiquitous applications pervading people’s daily life. To catch up with the speed of this evolution, new architectures, which enable us to decentralize and focus more on the edge of the network, have to show up. To effectively address the record‐breaking growth of data traffic, we also have to come up with new caching mechanisms in coping with users’ demanding QoE along with other aspects, such as data privacy and energy efficiency. In this paper, we intend to begin with reviews on edge caching. First, we make a detailed overview of mobile edge caching. Then, we move on to the QoS and QoE part, discussing the related literature concerning these topics. We then start to address factors concerning edge caching and QoE. Four cutting‐edge applications utilizing these technologies with challenges posed by current network architectures are made clear. Our paper closes with some future research directions.
Detection and Prediction of Internal‐Caused Fire in Tunnel Cable by an Equivalent Transient Thermal Circuit Model
Authors: Wang Yanwen , Zhang Xuran , Wang Le , Wang Yinsheng
Published: November 2021

Internal‐caused cable fires are one of the most common cable fires, and anomalous temperature increase of the cable core is one of the first signs. However, when a cable is operating with electricity, the temperature of the core conductor cannot be monitored directly; therefore, this characteristic cannot be used in detection and prediction of internal‐caused fire in electric cable effectively. An analogous transient thermal circuit model is created, simplified, and optimized to properly compute the temperature of the cable core. Afterward, by using the cable internal‐caused fire experimental platform and adjusting current carrying capacity of the tested cable, an experiment is conducted for stimulating the very early stage of three‐core cable internal‐caused fire. The maximum relative errors of the transient thermal circuit model and the trisection transient thermal circuit model are less than 10% when comparing the experimental data with the calculation results, and the average relative error of the calculated value of trisection transient thermal circuit model is 1.08% after layered optimization. The algorithm model can satisfy the requirement for early detection and prediction in the very early stage of cable internal‐caused fire.
Influence of Pitch Error on Vibration, Bifurcation, and Chaos Characteristics of the Helical Gear Pair System
Authors: Pan Shijie , Li Youtang , Wang Juane
Published: November 2021

Aiming at the problem of pitch error of helical gear pair in engineering practice, the influence of pitch error on vibration, bifurcation, and chaos characteristics of the helical gear pair system is mainly studied. Due to the periodic time-varying nature of pitch error, a method of simulating the pitch error as a sine function is proposed to calculate pitch error. A nonlinear dynamic model of bending-torsion-shaft coupling of the helical gear pair system is established considering the effect of pitch error. The influence of pitch error on the vibration, bifurcation, and chaos characteristics of the system is analyzed by the Runge–Kutta numerical integration method. The research results show that the introduction of pitch error has the most significant impact on the torsional vibration of the system. With the increase in pitch error, the system exhibits rich bifurcation and chaos characteristics in the torsional direction. Moreover, it is also found that the vibration response in the torsional orientation of the system increases or decreases to the same degree when the system is in a periodic motion state, and the pitch error varies by the same extent. Therefore, the impact of pitch error on the dynamic performance of the helical gear pair system should be considered in engineering practice.
An Effective Clustering Algorithm Using Adaptive Neighborhood and Border Peeling Method
Authors: Feng Ji , Zhang Bokai , Ran Ruisheng , Zhang Wanli , Yang Degang
Published: November 2021

Traditional clustering methods often cannot avoid the problem of selecting neighborhood parameters and the number of clusters, and the optimal selection of these parameters varies among different shapes of data, which requires prior knowledge. To address the above parameter selection problem, we propose an effective clustering algorithm based on adaptive neighborhood, which can obtain satisfactory clustering results without setting the neighborhood parameters and the number of clusters. The core idea of the algorithm is to first iterate adaptively to a logarithmic stable state and obtain neighborhood information according to the distribution characteristics of the dataset, and then mark and peel the boundary points according to this neighborhood information, and finally cluster the data clusters with the core points as the centers. We have conducted extensive comparative experiments on datasets of different sizes and different distributions and achieved satisfactory experimental results.
A Case Report of Subacute Thyroiditis following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Plaza-Enriquez Leidy , Khatiwada P. , Sanchez-Valenzuela M. , Sikha A.
Published: November 2021

Background. Subacute thyroiditis has been reported after administration of influenza vaccine. We describe a case of a patient who developed subacute thyroiditis after administration of. Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Case Presentation. A 42-year-old female, with a past medical history of stage IIIB pT3N1aM0 right adenocarcinoma of colon status, after right hemicolectomy on 01/2020, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, iron deficiency anemia, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, and lumbar radiculopathy, presented to our clinic with anterior neck pain that started 6 days after the second dose of Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. She was diagnosed with subacute thyroiditis and treated conservatively with pain medications. Conclusion. Subacute thyroiditis could represent one of the side effects of Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Further reports are lacking.
Preparation and Characterization of Biochar Derived from Agricultural By-Products for Dye Removal
Authors: Le Phuong Thu , Bui Huyen Thuong , Le Duy Ngoc , Nguyen Thi Hue , Pham Le Anh , Nguyen Hong Nam , Nguyen Quoc Son , Nguyen Thu Phuong , Bich Ngọc Trinh , Duong Thi Thuy , Herrmann Marine , Ouillon Sylvain , Le Thi Phuong Quynh
Published: November 2021

In this study, biochar was derived from the agricultural by-products coconut coir (BC1) and rice husk (BC2) activated with NaOH 25%. This material was characterized through analytical methods such as SEM images, XRD, FTIR, and Raman. Analysis results indicated that the carbon structure carbon is amorphous and with many graphene layers. A high specific surface area was detected with 364.22 m2.g-1 for BC1 and 329.71 m2.g-1 for BC2 with many meso and micropores when analyzed by N2 and CO2 adsorption. The material also showed anionic and cationic dye adsorption capacity for textile wastewater following both Langmuir and Freundlich models where BC2 had better max adsorption capacity compared to BC1, 6.519 mg.g-1 for MO and 8.612 mg.g-1 for MB.
Association between the Plasma-Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hu Xiangming , Li Wei , Wang Chenyang , Zhang Haotian , Lu Haoyu , Li Guang , Zhou Yingling , Dong Haojian
Published: November 2021

Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidemia are the main risk factors for atherosclerosis. Elevated glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is at exploring the relationship between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and atherosclerosis evaluated using carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid artery plaque. Methods. In this retrospective study, we enrolled 1304 patients who had multiple cardiovascular risk factors or symptoms of suspected coronary artery disease. cIMT and carotid artery plaque were measured using ultrasonography. Logistic regression was used to explore the correlation between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and cIMT or carotid artery plaque. We used restricted cubic spline curves to assess nonlinear relationships between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and cIMT or carotid artery plaque. Results. With increased quartiles of HbA1c/HDL-C, patients had higher cIMT and a greater carotid plaque burden. After adjusting for other relevant clinical covariates, patients with the highest HbA1c/HDL-C ratio (quartile 4 (Q4)) had a 2.88 times (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.02–4.10,

P
<
0.001

) more abnormal mean cIMT, 3.72 times (95% CI: 2.55–5.44,

P
<
0.001

) more abnormal maximum cIMT, and 2.58 times (95% CI: 1.70–3.91,

P
<
0.001

) greater carotid artery plaque burden compared with patients who had the lowest HbA1c/HDL-C ratio (Q1). Moreover, the association of HbA1c/HDL-C with atherosclerosis remained significant in a subsample of patients with and without DM. Conclusion. As a novel compound indicator for evaluating blood glucose homeostasis and dyslipidemia, the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio was positively correlated with carotid atherosclerosis evaluated using the mean and maximum cIMT as well as the carotid artery plaque burden.
Propofol Alleviates Neuropathic Pain Induced by Chronic Contractile Injury by Regulating the Spinal glun2b-p38mapkepac1 Pathway
Authors: Li Wen , Qin Chenguang , Yan JianYong , Zhao Qian , You Lu , Yang Ye
Published: November 2021

Background. Propofol acts as an intravenous anesthetic cure which is widely used as a therapy for the craniocerebral injury that comprised surgical anesthesia as well as the sedation done in the intensive care units. Propofol is one of the most commonly used and efficient anesthetics where the painful effects are followed by an injection of propofol. In many cases, patients experience pain followed by anxiety, boredom, fear, and even myocardial ischemia. Objective. This study was performed to investigate the underlying mechanism of propofol and its effect on regulating spinal glun2b-p38mapkepac1 pathways in chronic contractile injury. Material and Methods. Contractile injury was performed by ligation around the nerve of the thigh region postanesthesia. Rats were divided into three groups to analyze the changes like mechanical allodynia by the paw withdrawal threshold and histopathological analysis for assessing cellular degradation. L4-L6 from the spinal dorsal horns were isolated and harvested for studying protein expression, by the method of western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Results. The pain caused due to mechanical allodynia in the paw region was highest at 1 hour postinduction and lasted for three days postinjury. Pain was significantly less in the group receiving propofol when compared with the isoflurane group for the first two hours of injury. In the propofol group, EPAC1, GluN2B, and p38 MAP K were significantly lower. Conclusion. In the rat model of induced chronic contractile injury, postsurgery there was a suppression of the GluN2B-p38MAPK/EPAC1 signaling pathway in the propofol group. As the p38MAPK/EPAC pathway has a significant role in the postoperative hyperalgesia, thus our experiment suggests that propofol has analgesic effects.
BCEAD: A Blockchain-Empowered Ensemble Anomaly Detection for Wireless Sensor Network via Isolation Forest
Authors: Yang Xiong , Chen Yuling , Qian Xiaobin , Li Tao , Lv Xiao
Published: November 2021

The distributed deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) makes the network more convenient, but it also causes more hidden security hazards that are difficult to be solved. For example, the unprotected deployment of sensors makes distributed anomaly detection systems for WSNs more vulnerable to internal attacks, and the limited computing resources of WSNs hinder the construction of a trusted environment. In recent years, the widely observed blockchain technology has shown the potential to strengthen the security of the Internet of Things. Therefore, we propose a blockchain-based ensemble anomaly detection (BCEAD), which stores the model of a typical anomaly detection algorithm (isolated forest) in the blockchain for distributed anomaly detection in WSNs. By constructing a suitable block structure and consensus mechanism, the global model for detection can iteratively update to enhance detection performance. Moreover, the blockchain guarantees the trust environment of the network, making the detection algorithm resistant to internal attacks. Finally, compared with similar schemes, in terms of performance, cost, etc., the results prove that BCEAD performs better.
Experimental Study on the Resistance of Synthetic Penicillin Solid Lipid Nanoparticles to Clinically Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Zhao Enliang , Yi Tonghui , Du Juan , Wang Jing , Cong Shan , Liu Yunlong
Published: November 2021

Background. With the increasing resistance of antibiotics to bacteria, new and effective methods are needed to transform existing antibiotics to solve the problem of long development cycles for new drugs. The antibiotic nanodelivery system has proven to be a promising strategy. Aim. The purpose of this study is to synthesize penicillin solid lipid nanoparticles (penicillin SLNs) to enhance the antibacterial activity of penicillin against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods. Penicillin SLNs were synthesized. And particle size, the polydispersity index (PI), and zeta potential (ZP) of penicillin SLNs were measured. The surface morphology of penicillin SLNs was observed using a transmission electron microscope. Results. The particle size of penicillin SLNs is

112.3
±
11.9
 
nm

, the polydispersity index (PI) and zeta potential (ZP) of penicillin SLNs are

0.212
±
0.03

and

−
27.6
±
5.5
 
mV

. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were

98.31
±
1.2
%

and

4.98
±
0.05

(

%
w
/
w

), respectively. Penicillin SLNs had a more significant inhibitory effect on the growth of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) after the drug and the bacteria were incubated for 12 hours. The number of MRSA colonies in the penicillin group increased after 12 hours, while the number of MRSA colonies in the penicillin SLNs group did not change significantly. Conclusion. Penicillin SLNs enhance the ability of penicillin to enter cells and increase the concentration of penicillin in the cell and also extend the residence time of penicillin in the cell. Our findings indicated that penicillin SLNs enhance the inhibitory effect of penicillin on drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Ebstein’s Anomaly, Left Ventricular Noncompaction and Gerbode-Like Defect Triad (Fetal Diagnosis and Neonatal Course)
Authors: Mehdi Mohammad , Bhatia Snigdha , Patel Mehul , Aly Ashraf
Published: November 2021

Ebstein’s anomaly is characterized by the apical displacement of the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve with atrialization of the right ventricle (RV). It is commonly associated with other heart defects including left ventricular noncompaction. We describe a case of prenatally diagnosed Ebstein’s anomaly in association with left ventricular noncompaction and a septal defect between the left ventricle and the atrialized portion of the RV (Gerbode-like defect). The patient underwent a modified Blalock−Taussig shunt followed by Glenn procedure because of severe RV hypoplasia and RV outflow tract obstruction. The patient tolerated both procedures and is doing clinically well in anticipation of Fontan procedure for single ventricle palliation.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Freeze‐Thaw Damaged Red Sandstone under Combined Dynamic and Static Loading
Authors: Mei Song-hua , Liang Xu-li , Wen Lei , Kou Zi-long
Published: November 2021

Using the freeze‐thaw cycle test chamber, the red sandstone samples are subjected to cyclic freeze‐thaw tests. The physical properties, static mechanical properties of freeze‐thaw damage rocks, and the compressional wave velocity at specific axial pressure are measured using conventional physical tests and uniaxial compression tests. The mechanical properties of freeze‐thaw damage rocks under dynamic and static loading were studied using Hopkinson pressure bar which can exert axial pressure. The studies show that, with the increase of freeze‐thaw cycles, the surface layer of the rock sample undergoes spalling phenomenon, the weight gradually decreases, the sample compactness becomes worse, there are microcracks between the cemented particles, and the compressive strength and elastic modulus decrease. Under the static loading, the longitudinal wave velocity of freeze‐thaw damaged samples change significantly compared with that of samples without freeze‐thaw. The freeze‐thaw damage degree, axial pressure, and strain rate are coupled with each other, which together affect the dynamic mechanical properties of samples, and make the variation of mechanical parameters, such as dynamic peak strength and dynamic elastic modulus of rock. The combined action of freeze‐thaw damage and axial pressure weakens the strain rate effect of samples, but when the incident wave of SHPB test is same, the dynamic strength and elastic modulus of freeze‐thaw damaged samples are reduced compared with those without freeze‐thaw. Combining with strain equivalence principle, the constitutive relation of freeze‐thaw damage of red sandstone under dynamic and static combined loading can reflect the influence of coupling damage of axial pressure and freeze‐thaw, dynamic impact parameters, and other factors, which are in good agreement with the test results.
Numerical Study on Plane and Radial Wall Jets to Validate the 2D Assumption for an Idealized Downburst Outflow
Authors: Zhong Yongli , Yan Zhitao , Li Yan , Luo Jie , Zhang Hua
Published: November 2021

Turbulent radial and plane wall jets have been extensively investigated both experimentally and numerically over the past few decades. Previous studies mostly focused on the heat and mass transfers involved in jet flows. In this study, a comprehensive investigation was conducted on turbulent radial and plane wall jets, considering both jet spread and velocity decay for different parameters. The numerical results were compared with existing experimental measurements. The comparison focused on the velocity profile, jet spread, and velocity decay, and revealed that the Reynolds stress model (RSM) performs well in the simulation of both radial and plane wall jets. The results show that with a typical ratio of cloud base height to diameter for most downburst events, the effects of nozzle height and Reynolds number on the evolution of the radial wall jet are not significant. Both the jet spread and velocity decay exhibit a clear dependence on the Reynolds number below a critical value. Above this critical value, the plane wall jet becomes asymptotically independent of the Reynolds number. The co‐flow was found to have a significant influence on the evolution of the plane wall jet. Comparatively, the jet spread and velocity of the radial wall jet were faster than those of the plane jet. For applications in civil engineering, it is valid to approximate the downburst outflow with a two‐dimensional (2D) assumption from the perspective of longitudinal evolution of the flows.
BRCA1/ATF1-Mediated Transactivation is Involved in Resistance to PARP Inhibitors and Cisplatin
Authors: Endo Shino , Yoshino Yuki , Shirota Matsuyuki , Watanabe Gou , Chiba Natsuko
Published: November 2021

Homologous recombination (HR)-deficient cells are sensitive to PARP inhibitors through a synthetic lethal effect. We previously developed an HR activity assay named Assay of Site-Specific HR Activity (ASHRA). Here, we evaluated the HR activity of 30 missense variants of BRCA1 by ASHRA and found that several BRCA1 variants showed intermediate HR activity, which was not clearly discerned by our previous analyses using a conventional method. HR activity measured by ASHRA was significantly correlated with sensitivity to olaparib. However, cells expressing the severely HR-deficient BRCA1-C61G variant were resistant to olaparib, and resistance was dependent on high expression of activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1), which binds to BRCA1 and activates the transcription of target genes to regulate cell proliferation. The BRCA1-C61G variant bound to ATF1 and stimulated ATF1-mediated transactivation similar to wild-type BRCA1. High expression of ATF1 conferred resistance to olaparib and cisplatin activating BRCA1/ATF1-mediated transcription without affecting HR activity in BRCA2-knockdown or RAD51-knockdown cells, but not in BRCA1-knockdown cells. These results suggest that ASHRA is a useful method to evaluate HR activity in cells and to predict the sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. The expression level of ATF1 might be an important biomarker of the effect of PARP inhibitors and platinum agents on HR-deficient tumors with the BRCA1-C61G variant or alteration of non-BRCA1 HR factors such as BRCA2 and RAD51.

Significance:

ASHRA could evaluate HR activity in cells and predict the sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. High expression level of ATF1 may predict the resistance of BRCAness tumors with alterations of non-BRCA1 HR factors to PARP inhibitors and platinum agents.
Different Clinical Features between Definite and Possible Takotsubo Syndrome in a Tertiary Referral Hospital
Authors: Kim Ju Hyeon , Jeong Yeong Jin , Park Jino , Lee Pil Hyung , Jang Jeong Yoon , Lee Sahmin , Kim Dae-Hee , Song Jong-Min , Kang Duk-Hyun , Song Jae-Kwan
Published: November 2021

Background: Although imaging examination to exclude coronary artery disease (CAD) is an indispensable step for a definite diagnosis of takotsubo syndrome (TTS), this step may be overlooked in a substantial proportion of patients with secondary TTS admitted to a tertiary hospital. However, the clinical profiles and outcomes of these patients with “possible TTS” have rarely been investigated. Methods: Among 420 consecutive TTS patients with characteristic transient ventricular ballooning on repeated echocardiography, 244 patients (58.1%) who underwent an imaging study for CAD were diagnosed with “definite TTS,” whereas the remaining 176 were designated with “possible TTS.” Results: Overall, hypoxia (67.6%) and dyspnea (55.5%) were predominant presentations. The possible group was characterized by higher prevalence of male gender (46.6% vs. 35.2%, p = 0.019), secondary TTS (97.2% vs. 86.5%, p < 0.001), cancer (43.2% vs. 29.1%, p = 0.003), sepsis (46.0% vs. 32.0%, p = 0.003), and nonapical ballooning pattern (30.7% vs. 21.3%, p = 0.001) with less common ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram (18.8% vs. 34.0%, p = 0.001). The possible group showed higher frequency of mechanical ventilation (56.2% vs. 40.2%, p = 0.001), pulmonary edema (72.2% vs. 61.5%, p = 0.023), and shock management (70.5% vs. 54.1%, p = 0.001) with similar in-hospital mortality (17.2% vs. 17.0%, p = 0.964). Conclusions: In real-world clinical practice, coronary evaluation for strict diagnosis of TTS is not frequently feasible. Addition of the possible group without coronary evaluation to the clinical spectrum of TTS would be helpful for fair estimation of clinical implication of TTS.
Salir adelante: subjetividades políticas en primera infancia y familias en el destierro
Authors: Ospina-Alvarado María Camila , Luna María Teresa , Alvarado Sara Victoria
Published: November 2021

(analytical)This article presents the results of a research study that problematizes the construction of political subjectivities by children from early childhood whose families have lived through the Colombian armed conflict. Political ontological hermeneutics was used, both epistemically and methodologically, emphasizing the collective and generative narratives of 19 girls, 25 boys, 23 mothers, 7 fathers, 15 female teachers and 1 male teacher in two Child Development Centers located in the cities of Bogota and Pereira. It was found that getting ahead – as a metaphor that takes into account children’s subjectivities– is a concept that involves cultivating relationships, challenges homogenization, promotes practices of resistance and re-existence and creates space for the constitution of political subjectivities and identities. The authors conclude that children have relational dispositions as political subjects from their earliest years.
Keywords: Early childhood, family, armed conflict, potential, identity.
Interrupción, intermitencia y recorte de la asistencia en la escuela secundaria
Authors: Saccone Mercedes
Published: November 2021

Resumen (analítico)El propósito de este artículo es describir los procesos discontinuos que atraviesan las experiencias escolares de los/as jóvenes en relación con la asistencia escolar en una escuela secundaria técnica de la ciudad de Rosario (Argentina). Problemática que ha cobrado un renovado interés público y académico a partir de la sanción de la obligatoriedad de la educación secundaria. El estudio fue realizado desde un enfoque socioantropológico que recupera la tradición etnográfica de la antropología desde una perspectiva crítica. Se advierte que los procesos discontinuos identificados pueden favorecer la interrupción de la escolarización, es decir, el alejamiento de la escuela durante un período más o menos prolongado de tiempo. Pero, aunque no es total, esa lógica de discontinuidad también atraviesa las experiencias de quienes continúan cursando.
Palabras clave: Escuela secundaria, joven, asistencia escolar, interrupción/intermitencia, Argentina.
Macrophage LRP1 (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1) Is Required for the Effect of CD47 Blockade on Efferocytosis and Atherogenesis—Brief Report
Authors: Mueller Paul A. , Kojima Yoko , Huynh Katherine T. , Maldonado Richard A. , Ye Jianqin , Tavori Hagai , Pamir Nathalie , Leeper Nicholas J. , Fazio Sergio
Published: November 2021

Objective:

Antibody blockade of the “do not eat me” signal CD47 (cluster of differentiation 47) enhances efferocytosis and reduces lesion size and necrotic core formation in murine atherosclerosis. TNF (Tumor necrosis factor)-α expression directly enhances
CD47
expression, and elevated TNF-α is observed in the absence of the proefferocytosis receptor LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1), a regulator of atherogenesis and inflammation. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that CD47 blockade requires the presence of macrophage LRP1 to enhance efferocytosis, temper TNF-α-dependent inflammation, and limit atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results:

Mice lacking systemic apoE (apoE
−/−
), alone or in combination with the loss of macrophage LRP1 (double knockout), were fed a Western-type diet for 12 weeks while receiving anti-CD47 antibody (anti-CD47) or IgG every other day. In apoE
−/−
mice, treatment with anti-CD47 reduced lesion size by 25.4%, decreased necrotic core area by 34.5%, and decreased the ratio of free:macrophage-associated apoptotic bodies by 47.6% compared with IgG controls (
P
<0.05), confirming previous reports. Double knockout mice treated with anti-CD47 showed no differences in lesion size, necrotic core area, or the ratio of free:macrophage-associated apoptotic bodies compared with IgG controls. In vitro efferocytosis was 30% higher when apoE
−/−
phagocytes were incubated with anti-CD47 compared with IgG controls (
P
<0.05); however, anti-CD47 had no effect on efferocytosis in double knockout phagocytes. Analyses of mRNA and protein showed increased CD47 expression in anti-inflammatory IL (interleukin)-4 treated LRP1
−/−
macrophages compared with wild type, but no differences were observed in inflammatory lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages.

Conclusions:

The proefferocytosis receptor LRP1 in macrophages is necessary for anti-CD47 blockade to enhance efferocytosis, limit atherogenesis, and decrease necrotic core formation in the apoE
−/−
model of atherosclerosis.
Traveling Waves in Quasi-One-Dimensional Neuronal Minicolumns
Authors: Baker Vincent , Cruz Luis
Published: November 2021

Traveling waves of neuronal activity in the cortex have been observed in vivo. These traveling waves have been correlated to various features of observed cortical dynamics, including spike timing variability and correlated fluctuations in neuron membrane potential. Although traveling waves are typically studied as either strictly one-dimensional or two-dimensional excitations, here we investigate the conditions for the existence of quasi-one-dimensional traveling waves that could be sustainable in parts of the brain containing cortical minicolumns. For that, we explore a quasi-one-dimensional network of heterogeneous neurons with a biologically influenced computational model of neuron dynamics and connectivity. We find that background stimulus reliably evokes traveling waves in networks with local connectivity between neurons. We also observe traveling waves in fully connected networks when a model for action potential propagation speed is incorporated. The biological properties of the neurons influence the generation and propagation of the traveling waves. Our quasi-one-dimensional model is not only useful for studying the basic properties of traveling waves in neuronal networks; it also provides a simplified representation of possible wave propagation in columnar or minicolumnar networks found in the cortex.
A Normative Account of Confirmation Bias During Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Lefebvre Germain , Summerfield Christopher , Bogacz Rafal
Published: November 2021

Reinforcement learning involves updating estimates of the value of states and actions on the basis of experience. Previous work has shown that in humans, reinforcement learning exhibits a confirmatory bias: when the value of a chosen option is being updated, estimates are revised more radically following positive than negative reward prediction errors, but the converse is observed when updating the unchosen option value estimate. Here, we simulate performance on a multi-arm bandit task to examine the consequences of a confirmatory bias for reward harvesting. We report a paradoxical finding: that confirmatory biases allow the agent to maximize reward relative to an unbiased updating rule. This principle holds over a wide range of experimental settings and is most influential when decisions are corrupted by noise. We show that this occurs because on average, confirmatory biases lead to overestimating the value of more valuable bandits and underestimating the value of less valuable bandits, rendering decisions overall more robust in the face of noise. Our results show how apparently suboptimal learning rules can in fact be reward maximizing if decisions are made with finite computational precision.
Typification of the Presl’s name Calamintha canescens (Lamiaceae)
Authors: DI GRISTINA EMILIO , RAIMONDO FRANCESCO M. , SPADARO VIVIENNE
Published: November 2021

N/A
Pelagic tunicates (Appendicularia and Thaliacea) of Sri Lanka: two first records with an annotated checklist
Authors: KARUNARATHNE KRISHAN D. , DE CROOS M.D.S.T.
Published: November 2021

In broadening the understanding of the diversity, distribution and seasonality of gelatinous zooplankton of Sri Lanka, a survey (‘Waya-jel-Survey’) was carried out in coastal waters of the country from 2016 to 2020, and the collected specimens of pelagic tunicates were taxonomically identified. Further, a comprehensive literature survey was conducted and the previous records on the occurrences of pelagic tunicates within the exclusive economic zone of Sri Lanka were cross-checked and listed in developing the first-ever annotated checklist. Among the samples collected in this study, Pyrostremma spinosum and Thalia sibogae were reported for the first time from Sri Lankan waters while two more thaliaceans, i.e., Doliolum denticulatum and Pegea confoederata, and six appendicularians, i.e., Fritillaria borealis sargassi, F. formica digitata, Oikopleura cophocerca, O. fusiformis, O. longicauda, and O. rufescens were re-recorded. In total, forty species (including two subspecies) in 19 genera, belonging to five families from four orders of the classes Appendicularia (n = 17 species) and Thaliacea (n = 23 species) were reported to be inhabited in Sri Lankan waters. Most of the records were from the Laccadive Sea region while the majority of the species have been reported during the northwest monsoon (December to February) period.
First report of Ceratomyxa scorpaeni (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) from Scorpaena porcus in the Black Sea
Authors: OKKAY SEVİLAY , GÜRKANLI C. TOLGA , ÇİFTÇİ YILMAZ , YURAKHNO VİOLETTA , ÖZER AHMET
Published: November 2021

Members of the class Myxosporea Bütschli, 1881 have a cosmopolitan distribution in a wide variety of fish species worldwide. In the present study, the black scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus collected from the Sinop coasts of the Black Sea was investigated for myxosporean parasites using both conventional and molecular methods in the period between September 2015 and August 2019. Using morphological and morphometric data, the myxosporean parasite Ceratomyxa scorpaeni Garbouj, Rangel, Castro, Hmissi, Santos, Bahri, 2016 was identified in the gall bladder of host fish. Molecular analysis of the 18S rDNA gene confirmed the identity of this parasite as C. scorpaeni. This is the first report of its occurrence in the Black Sea.
Molecular Biological Mechanism ofBletilla striataon Neuropsychiatric System by Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation
Authors: Li Jun , Chu Shirun , Yang Mei , Yue Jungang , Wang Lu , Chen Fang , Xu Delin
Published: November 2021

Bletilla striatais a rare traditional Chinese medicine with protective effect for neuropsychiatric system. Nevertheless, the material basis and molecular mechanism of this effect remain unclear. By means of network pharmacology, five common neuropsychiatric targets forB. striataingredients that can pass through the blood-brain barrier were conducted to probe the material basis and molecular mechanism of its neuropsychiatric protecting effects. Besides, thein vitromodel of neurons injury was built to verify the effect of these ingredients on neurons. Results indicated that 8 active ingredients and 21 core targets were screened, and 9 groups of gene functional groups were screened by GO analysis. The KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that, 14 signal pathways were mapped and 6 REACTOME Pathways and 33 Wiki Pathways were also detected. Preliminary experimental verification demonstrated that,B. striataprotected, maintained and enhanced neuronal cell activity and up-regulated the expression of DRD2 and GRM2 genes through dihydrophenanthrene compounds. From the above results, we speculated thatB. striatamay act on multi-target gene functional groups through multiple ingredients, resulting in various effects, thus achieving the purpose of protecting the neuropsychiatric system, as well as its functions. Our research findings also suggested that the experimental research method combining network pharmacology with experimental cell research is effective for quickly analyzing the material basis and molecular mechanism ofB. striatain protecting the neuropsychiatric system and treating neuropsychiatric diseases.
Study on Nanoparticle Agglomeration During Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) Performance
Authors: Bakier Mohammed A. Y. A. , Suzuki Keisuke , Khajornrungruang Panart
Published: November 2021

The materials used in base fluids and nanoparticles are varied. One- and two-step manufacturing processes are used to create stable and highly conductive nanofluids. Both methods for making nanoparticle suspensions suffer from nanoparticle agglomeration, which is a major problem in
any technique that uses nanopowders. As a result, the key to substantial surface finishing at planarization treatments and increase in the thermal characteristics of nanofluids is the production and suspension of almost non-agglomerated or monodispersed nanoparticles in liquids. This unfavorable
aggregation is a major problem in nanopowder technology. Primary material constituents agglomerate rapidly overcoming the stable situation, and nanoparticle agglomerates set out in liquids, making it difficult to create nanofluids using two-step techniques. This research looks at the link
between nanoparticle agglomeration during slurry flow and Material Removal Rate (MRR) during chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). The reciprocal relationship between MRR and the shear force exerted by the slurry flow was qualitatively elucidated by the researchers for the theoretical investigation.
However, the present manipulation is focused on quantifying the shear stress exerted by nanoparticles floating in the slurry. As a result, the MRR-aggregation model is established based on the relationship between MRR and shear force. The experiment is being carried out to support this idea.
The experimental results of aggregation and shear forces have been conducted by some recent studies. However, the extension to the real CMP is very promising for accomplishing a precise style of the removal mechanism and surface finishing criterion as well.
Three-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamics Slip Flow of Nanofluids Over a Slendering Stretching Sheet with Heat Source or Sink Effects
Authors: Jayakar R. , Rushi Kumar B.
Published: November 2021

Aim: The research carried out in this article is based on experimenting with a 3-D MHD nanofluid flow on a sheet as slendering stretch bearing the slip effects, thermophoresis, Brownian Motion, heat source, and sink. Water-based Cuo and Cu nano-fluids were considered for the
analysis. Following the suitable techniques of similarity transformation, the partial differential equations also called the governing equations are deduced into ODE (Ordinary Differential Equations). The mathematical results were estimated by applying the Methods of Newton and Runge-Kutta.
The calculations along with the graphs for different parameters were also explained. Novelty: The outcomes of novel effective graphs for different parameters of interest are shown and explained. It has been found that heat-sink/source parameters depending on the temperature and space
serve as heat transfer parameters. Slip effects minimize the thermal boundary layers as well as concentration development. It is discovered that CuO-Water, as well as Cu-Water nanofluids, have homogeneous boundary layers (concentration, thermal and momentum),and as contrasted with the CuO-Water
nanofluids, the mass, and the heat transfer rate is higher in Cu-Water nanofluids. The paper concludes by comparing the outcomes of the current approach with findings that already existed.