bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Approaches for Network Intrusion Detection Systems (N-IDSs)
Authors: Vinayakumar R  , Soman KP  , Poornachandran Prabaharan
Published: April 2019

Recently, due to the advance and impressive results of deep learning techniques in the fields of image recognition, natural language processing and speech recognition for various long-standing artificial intelligence (AI) tasks, there has been a great interest in applying towards security tasks too. This article focuses on applying these deep taxonomy techniques to network intrusion detection system (N-IDS) with the aim to enhance the performance in classifying the network connections as either good or bad. To substantiate this to NIDS, this article models network traffic as a time series data, specifically transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP/IP) packets in a predefined time-window with a supervised deep learning methods such as recurrent neural network (RNN), identity matrix of initialized values typically termed as identity recurrent neural network (IRNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), clock-work RNN (CWRNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU), utilizing connection records of KDDCup-99 challenge data set. The main interest is given to evaluate the performance of RNN over newly introduced method such as LSTM and IRNN to alleviate the vanishing and exploding gradient problem in memorizing the long-term dependencies. The efficient network architecture for all deep models is chosen based on comparing the performance of various network topologies and network parameters. The experiments of such chosen efficient configurations of deep models were run up to 1,000 epochs by varying learning-rates between 0.01-05. The observed results of IRNN are relatively close to the performance of LSTM on KDDCup-99 NIDS data set. In addition to KDDCup-99, the effectiveness of deep model architectures are evaluated on refined version of KDDCup-99: NSL-KDD and most recent one, UNSW-NB15 NIDS datasets.
Information Literacy Skill
Authors: Pati Bharati , Majhi Sabitri
Published: April 2019

For the students and scholars belonging to any trade and level, exercising of information and its sources becomes inevitable. The university education in focus, identifying exact information, selecting the right source and authorized use of the same is being practised very often. This the authors call ‘Information Literacy Skill'. Considering the MLISc students, the future LIS professionals in making, this would certainly be an indication of respite that they are learning IL theories and practice during their second year course. An evaluative study on the targeted MLISC students can provide a substantial solution to this. The present study focuses on the LIS schools of state of Odisha (India) and tries to find out answers to various questions: Are the students of MLISc in LIS schools of Odisha possess adequate IL skills? Are the modules included under master degree syllabi enough for them and their skill requirements as information providers? Can IL be taught at the classroom level? Or is a meticulous practical exposure obligatory?
Enhanced Face Recognition System
Authors: Gosavi Vinodpuri Rampuri , Deshmane Anil Kishanrao , Sable Ganesh Shahuba
Published: April 2019

Image processing has enormous applications and bio-metrics is one of them that has become a focal point for researchers, as well as for developers. The most common application of bio-metrics is the face analysis. The face analysis is an efficient method to detect and verify the faces of people. In this research article we have the proposed techniques are CRC and KNN. Generally, CRC (Collaboration representation based classification) relies on the collaboration among various classes to represent an image sample. KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor) it is a category of classification approach that utilized to access regression purposes. The experiment is performed on the Yale database and the results are acquired from the simulation tool MATLAB. The performance parameters are accurate, processing time, random noise and random occlusion. A comparison of performance is described and it is proven that the proposed method results give the enhancement in the overall performance of face recognition and accuracy value is 99%.
Enhancing Emergency Communication With Social Media
Authors: Grace Rob , Kropczynski Jess , Pezanowski Scott , Halse Shane , Umar Prasanna , Tapia Andrea
Published: April 2019

Local social media users share and access critical information before, during, and after emergencies. However, existing methods can identify local social media users only after an emergency has occurred, and only then discover a small proportion of users sharing information in a geographic area. To address these limitations, we introduce the method of Social Triangulation to identify local social media users who access community information before an emergency in order to develop emergency communications strategies that contribute to community resilience. Social Triangulation identifies local users vis-à-vis the community organizations they curate within their social networks and, as a result, helps reveal the information infrastructure of a community. Consequently, social triangulation can inform emergency communications planning by identifying “filter bubbles” among social media users loosely embedded in an information infrastructure, as well as community influencers who are well-positioned to redistribute official information during an emergency.
How Biomedical Science Students Use Their Mobile Devices for Learning
Authors: Vasudeva Sanjay , Colthorpe Kay , Ernst Hardy , Lam Kai Wei
Published: April 2019

Learning occurs in many forms, and learning through mobile devices is becoming increasingly common in higher education. Potentially, there are many ways students may implement mobile learning to enhance learning, and this may be influenced by students' confidence and preferences. To identify mobile learning behaviours, biomedical students (n=189) were asked in meta-learning assessment tasks to report on self-initiated ways they used mobile devices for learning. Thematic analysis of responses showed students were confident using mobile devices for learning, but students of all confidence levels had similar usage levels. Students most commonly reported using laptops for note-taking, watching lecture recordings, and planning, and using phones for looking up concepts and using applications. This contributed to their self-regulation primarily by aiding students' keeping of records and information seeking behaviors. Students also implemented many new ways of using devices during semester, demonstrating adaptability. Surprisingly, they rarely reported seeking social assistance via mobile devices.
Evaluating the Effects of Size and Precision of Training Data on ANN Training Performance for the Prediction of Chaotic Time Series Patterns
Authors: Zhang Lei
Published: April 2019

In this research, artificial neural networks (ANN) with various architectures are trained to generate the chaotic time series patterns of the Lorenz attractor. The ANN training performance is evaluated based on the size and precision of the training data. The nonlinear Auto-Regressive (NAR) model is trained in open loop mode first. The trained model is then used with closed loop feedback to predict the chaotic time series outputs. The research goal is to use the designed NAR ANN model for the simulation and analysis of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in order to study brain activities. A simple ANN topology with a single hidden layer of 3 to 16 neurons and 1 to 4 input delays is used. The training performance is measured by averaged mean square error. It is found that the training performance cannot be improved by solely increasing the training data size. However, the training performance can be improved by increasing the precision of the training data. This provides useful knowledge towards reducing the number of EEG data samples and corresponding acquisition time for prediction.
An Effective Cybersecurity Training Model to Support an Organizational Awareness Program
Authors: Sabillon Regner , Serra-Ruiz Jordi , Cavaller Victor , Jeimy J. Cano M.
Published: April 2019

Traditional cybersecurity, security or information security awareness programs have become ineffective to change people's behavior in recognizing, failing to block or reporting cyberthreats within their organizational environment. As a result, human errors and actions continue to demonstrate that we are the weakest links in cybersecurity. This article studies the most recent cybersecurity awareness programs and its attributes. Furthermore, the authors compiled recent awareness methodologies, frameworks and approaches. The authors introduce a suggested awareness training model to address existing deficiencies in awareness training. The Cybersecurity Awareness TRAining Model (CATRAM) has been designed to deliver training to different organizational audiences, each of these groups with specific content and separate objectives. The authors concluded their study by addressing the need of future research to target new approaches to keep cybersecurity awareness focused on the everchanging cyberthreat landscape.
Multi-Dimensional Indexes in DBMSs
Authors: Mercieca Thomas , Vella Joseph G.
Published: April 2019

Multi-dimensional data is present across multimedia, data mining and other data-driven applications. The R-Tree is a popular index structure that DBMSs are implementing as core for efficient retrieval of such data. The gap between the best and worst-case performance is very wide in an R-tree. Thus, building quality R-trees quickly is desirable. Variations differ in how node overflow are approached during the building process. This article studies the R-Tree technique that the open-source PostgreSQL DBMS uses. Focus is on a specific parameter controlling node overflows as an optimisation target, and improved configurations are proposed. This parameter is hard-wired into the DBMS, and therefore, an implementation is presented to allow this parameter to become accessible through an SQL construct. The access method designer can resort to configuring this parameter when trying to meet specific storage or time-related performance targets. With this study, the reader can gain an insight into the effects of changing the parameter by considering the spatial indexes on well-known workloads.
Artificial Intelligence, Smart Classrooms and Online Education in the 21st Century
Authors: Ikedinachi A. P. WOGU  , Misra Sanjay , Assibong Patrick A. , Olu-Owolabi Esther Fadeke , Maskeliūnas Rytis , Damasevicius Robertas
Published: April 2019

The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the education sector has largely taken over conventional classrooms and revolutionized the way education is conducted to the admiration of many. Other scholars however, believe that such early celebration of AI benefits is unfounded and inimical to the education sector since the adoption of modern AI teaching systems now raises long-term issues about the relevance of teachers and their classrooms in 21st Century AI education. The Marxian Alienation Theory was adopted for the article. The Ex-post factor method and Derrida's critical method of analysis was utilized for attaining the objectives of the article. The article faults recent attempts at eulogizing the impact of AI innovations in the education sector and on human development. Extensive research is proposed as necessary for contemporary scholars of AI and education technologist before proper appropriation can be made about its gains in education and on human development.
Emerging Technologies in the Search for the Submerged Cultural Landscapes of the Pacific Continental Shelf
Authors: Gusick Amy E , Maloney Jillian , King Roslynn B , Braje Todd J
Published: April 2019

As applications for offshore renewable energy projects increase, state and federal land managers have become concerned over potential impacts to cultural heritage resources along submerged landscapes. Identification, documentation, and management of historical shipwrecks have been relatively common, but methods for identifying submerged pre-contact archaeological deposits are developing in many coastal regions of the continental United States. Permitting agencies in certain regions along the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean typically require management plans that include mitigation measures for submerged archaeological sites. Over the last decade, resource managers along Pacific Coast regions have become increasingly aware of the need for submerged archaeological site protection. This is especially important since the eastern Pacific continental shelf has become a focal point in the search for late Pleistocene migrations into the Americas and other evidence of pre-contact habitation in coastal regions since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Integral to this search is the identification of submerged Pleistocene landforms that may favor preservation of pre-contact archaeological sites.

Stemming from this, our multidisciplinary and multi-institutional effort includes marine geologists, marine biologists, and archaeologists synthesizing existing data using GIS models, and collecting new side scan sonar, CHIRP, and multibeam bathymetry data ground truthed with marine sediment cores. This methodology for the identification of submerged archaeological deposits is not new; however, the landscape approach that defines our research, and our focus on understanding paleolandscapes using modeling, sonar survey, and marine coring is the first of its kind on the eastern Pacific continental shelf.

The goal of our project is to develop an archaeological sensitivity model, which the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management can consult in the offshore energy permitting process. As such, we are building our model using data from California’s Northern Channel Islands and testing the model along Oregon’s central coast. Results suggest that with the right technologies, sensitive landscape features such as paleochannels, paleoestuaries, and offshore tar seeps – all features used by Native American communities during the late Pleistocene and Holocene along the Pacific Coast – can be identified and used to model sensitive archaeological landscapes. We also are testing the efficacy of controlled-source marine electromagnetic methods in conjunction with sonar survey data for the identification of tar seeps, paleochannels, and buried archaeological shell midden deposits. This combined methodological approach is unique to North America’s Pacific Coast and represents a pioneering effort in the search for submerged archaeological deposits, which will help identify, document, and preserve underwater cultural heritage resources.
Study of the Annular Restriction Effect Caused by Magnetorheological Fluids in the Presence of a Magnetic Field
Authors: Estrada-Giraldo John , Nielsen Garrett , Akbari Babak
Published: April 2019

Magnetorheological fluids (MRF) have their rheology modified in the presence of a magnetic field. The MRF consist of a base fluid, magnetizable particles, and a viscosifier that supports these particles. The magnetizable particles align in the direction of the magnetic field, creating a barrier, and thus modifying the rheology of the mixture. When a large enough magnetic field is applied to the MRF, the fluid's yield stress increases drastically in a matter of milliseconds. Due to this fluid response, a tunable back-pressure can be generated when the MRF's rheology is modified downhole with the use of a permanent magnet assembly as part of the BHA. One potential application of this technology is to facilitate drilling operations in narrower mud windows. As an analogy, the technology proposed in this paper works under the same principle of the conventional MPD systems, but with the additional capability of being able to apply a backpressure downhole where the magnetic assembly is located, and therefore only modifying the pressure below the tool location. As a result, abnormally pressured formations could be safely drilled without fracturing the formations above, due to the pressure profile above the magnetic assembly remaining unchanged.

As a proposed way to demonstrate this principle, the shear stress variation at different magnetic field intensities is evaluated for different samples of MRF in a special rotating bob rheometer equipped with an electromagnet. A higher magnetic field applied to the MRF produces a higher shear stress, and thus a larger pressure-drop. Upscaling this effect, some of these MRF samples were circulated in a large-scale flow-loop with two concentric pipes that resemble the drill pipe and the annulus. On the flow-loop, some electromagnets and permanent magnets were strategically located to apply a magnetic field to the circulating fluid. The pressure changes (back-pressure) along the system was monitored to evaluate the effect of the magnetorheological response on the pressure variation. As an additional application, a potential electromagnetic surface choke that "activates" the MRF could create a flow restriction, and therefore a back pressure. In that sense, this electromagnetic choke could provide a finer aperture of the choke when the magnetic field is modified accordingly and could be less susceptible to erosion of mechanical parts from solids contained in the mud.
Advances in Chemical EOR Technologies: New Development in Field-Scale Chemical Flooding Simulation
Authors: R. B. Fernandes Bruno , A. Pope Gary , Sepehrnoori Kamy , R. Lashgari Hamid
Published: April 2019

The accurate and efficient large-scale simulation of chemical flooding using mechanistic reservoir simulation models has been a big challenge for the past several decades, but recent advances in both the modelling of physical properties and numerical algorithms have finally made it possible to use mechanistic chemical simulators for field-scale application. In this paper, a new version of UTCHEM built in an adaptive implicit framework was used to simulate chemical floods in large heterogeneous oil reservoirs. The new developments made it feasible to do simulations using several million gridblocks with sufficiently small gridblock sizes to ensure physical accuracy. Four case studies of polymer flooding and surfactant-polymer flooding are presented. The grid sizes range from 800,000 to 3.7 million gridblocks. The incremental enhanced oil recovery is illustrated by comparison with waterflooding. The polymer model takes into account the effects of shear thinning, adsorption, and salinity among other phenomena. The surfactant model takes into account all Winsor microemulsion phase behavior types, salinity effects, and capillary desaturation among other process phenomena. The surfactant-polymer floods are designed with a salinity gradient.
Scouring and Mitigating Efforts for the M3 Wave APEX Device
Authors: Morrow Mike M. , Shastri Ajay , Delos-Reyes Michael A.
Published: April 2019

Submerged Pressure Differential wave energy converters have the potential to avoid many of the challenges facing surface floating devices, but they have their own unique challenges. Although sediment scour has historically been studied around simple columns and piling structures, scour around unusual structural geometries on the bottom of the ocean in the near shore environment is not as well understood. This paper provides a review of recent work to develop and validate numerical modeling methods that can predict scour around complex submerged structures as well as potential countermeasures to mitigate the impact of wave-induced scour.
Gas-Liquid Flow in an Upward Inclined Large Diameter Pipe Under Elevated Pressures
Authors: Soedarmo Auzan Abirama , Pereyra Eduardo , Sarica Cem
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a unique gas-liquid experimental dataset acquired at large-diameter laboratory multiphase loop under elevated pressures. The dataset and corresponding model validations are useful to upscale available multiphase flow knowledge into large-diameter-high-pressure conditions commonly encountered in offshore facilities.

Intermittent (slug and pseudo-slug) and segregated (stratified and annular) flow patterns were observed in the experiments. For given superficial liquid Froude number (FrSL), all flow pattern transitions scale with superficial gas Froude number (FrSG) within the experimental range, capturing the effects of pressure (gas density). The change in pressure gradient and liquid holdup across the intermittent to segregated transition is more pronounced at low vSL.

In segregated flow, the pressure gradient (-dp/dL) increases with pressure and vSL. However, these effects are less noticeable in intermittent flow. In intermittent flow, -dp/dL is generally gravity dominated but may become friction dominated as vSL increases, owing to absence of film reversal. For given vSL, -dp/dL scales with FrSG. The relationship between dimensionless -dp/dL (P*) and Lockhart-Martinelli parameter (X*) scales the effects of pressure and vSL for segregated flow. Liquid holdup was observed to decrease with pressure and increase with vSL. As pressure increases, density difference between phases decreases and interfacial friction increases, thereby reducing slippage and holdup (HL).

Two state-of-the-art models exhibit similar bias tendency. In the intermittent region the inaccuracy of -dp/dL and HL predictions increase with vSG, i.e.: deeper into pseudo-slug region. This error is larger at low vSL. For segregated flow, the models tend to underpredict -dp/dL as vSG increases. The magnitude of this error is larger at high vSL.

This paper addresses the limitation of large-diameter-high-pressure data in multiphase flow literature. The presented data, scaling approaches, and model validation results are critical for model improvement. For practicing engineers, they can be used as an upscaled benchmark/practical guidance to design multiphase flow pipelines.
PISA Design Methods for Offshore Wind Turbine Monopiles
Authors: Byrne Byron W. , Burd Harvey J. , Zdravkovic Lidija , Abadie Christelle N. , Houlsby Guy T. , Jardine Richard J. , Martin Chris M. , McAdam Ross A. , Pacheco Andrade Miguel , Pedro Antonio M.G. , Potts David M. , Taborda David M.G.
Published: April 2019

This paper provides an overview of the PISA design model recently developed for laterally loaded offshore wind turbine monopiles through a major European joint-industry academic research project, the PISA Project. The focus was on large diameter, relatively rigid piles, with low length to diameter (L/D) ratios, embedded in clay soils of different strength characteristics, sand soils of different densities and in layered soils combining clays and sands. The resulting design model introduces new procedures for site specific calibration of soil reaction curves that can be applied within a one-dimensional (1D), Winkler-type, computational model. This paper summarises the results and key conclusions from PISA, including design methods for (a) stiff glacial clay till (Cowden till), (b) brittle stiff plastic clay (London clay), (c) soft clay (Bothkennar clay), (d) sand of varying densities (Dunkirk), and, (e) layered profiles (combining soils from (a) to (d)). The results indicate that the homogeneous soil reaction curves applied appropriately for layered profiles in the 1D PISA design model provide a very good fit to the three-dimensional finite element (3D FE) calculations, particularly for profiles relevant to current European offshore wind farm sites. Only a small number of cases, involving soft clay, very dense sand and L/D = 2 monopiles, would appear to require more detailed and bespoke analysis.
Three Successful Black Oil Foamer Applications in Deepwater GoM
Authors: Outlaw James , Guliuzo Randy , Lehrer Scott , Barney Bob
Published: April 2019

Deepwater Gulf of Mexico wells that exhibit liquid loading and subsea flowlines that suffer fluid slugging are both common issues that have historically been difficult to mitigate without expensive hardware changes or deferral of production. A novel black oil foamer (BOF) chemical technology has shown to be able to mitigate liquid loading, increase production, and reduce fluid slugging in both dry tree wells, subsea wells, and subsea flowlines.

This presentation will detail three example cases where the black oil foamer technology was utilized successfully. For the first example case, liquid loading was the primary issue leading to shortened production time between shut-ins, causing slugging, and reduced overall production rates. For the second example, significant slugging was experienced in an 18-mile subsea tieback to the point that the field would be shut in for topside vessel level controller issues. The final case trialed different well lineups that would historically cause severe slugging in an 11 mile subsea tieback.

In the first example, the benefits of using the black oil foamer included increased oil production and greatly improved well uptime, as well as significantly reducing slugging. The benefits demonstrated in the second and third examples were a significant reduction in slugging, allowing the field to operate with minimal shut-in risk and reducing equipment damage.

Novel & Additive Information

All three examples have proven the concept of using the black oil foamer chemistry to manage liquid loading and slugging risks in deepwater applications in an economically advantageous way.
Gas Hydrate Production Testing – Knowledge Gained
Authors: Collett Timothy Scott
Published: April 2019

Since their initial discovery in the 1960’s, gas hydrates have been considered to be an important potential source of unconventional natural gas. Significant progress has been made relative to our understanding of the geologic and engineering controls on the ultimate energy potential of gas hydrate; however, more work is required to realize the promise of gas hydrates as a future energy source. Gas hydrates have been encountered, recovered or inferred to exist in numerous sedimentary basins in Arctic permafrost settings, regions of alpine permafrost, marine sediments of outer continental margins and in deep lakes. Despite the great abundance of potential gas hydrate resources in the world, a large portion of these resources reside in clay-rich sediments and fracture dominated reservoir systems, and are not generally considered producible with existing technology, but may have future potential with the emergence of new technologies. For a large portion of the world, gas hydrate in sand reservoirs have become a viable production target and the focus of the first production testing efforts.

Production tests in Arctic Canada (Mackenzie Delta) and Alaska have shown that gas can be produced from highly-concentrated gas hydrate accumulations in coarse-grained (i.e., sand rich) reservoir systems with conventional production technologies. Production can be achieved through the depressurization method and by more complex methods such as molecular substitution (e.g., CO2-CH4 exchange). In 2013, the gas hydrate production test was conducted in a marine setting in the offshore of Japan. An additional test was conducted in Japan in 2017 to further evaluate alternative well completion technologies. Also in 2018, China initiated a 60-day gas hydrate production test in the Shenhu region of the South China Sea.

This report reviews the results of gas hydrate engineering and production testing studies associated with the Mallik, Mount Elbert, and Iġnik Sikumi projects in northern Canada and Alaska. The results of the marine gas hydrate producing testing efforts in the Nankai Trough (Japan) and in the South China Sea (China) are also summarized.
Applied Optimal Reservoir Management: A Field Case Experience in Campos Basin
Authors: Oliveira Diego Felipe Barbosa de , Pereira Diogo Ferreira Alves , Silveira Gustavo Echenique , Melo Pedro Andrade Lima Sá de
Published: April 2019

Reservoir management in offshore fields is a challenging task, particularly for mature fields because of a typical excessive production of water and/or gas. Due to several constraints on facilities capacity, assisted reservoir management process can deliver solutions to operate properly offshore fields, seeking for increasing oil production with better assessment of water and gas production and injection. Optimal Reservoir Management (ORM) can be applied aiming to maximize reservoir performance and to deliver well controls applicable to field operations. In this work, we implemented an assisted optimization procedure to maximize overall oil production for a field offshore Brazil in Campos Basin.

We applied our ORM technique in an important field offshore Brazil, where cumulative oil production is maximized by optimally controlling water rates through injecting wells. Injection rates can vary in time, honoring operational requirements of smoothness. Geomechanical limits on injection pressures are considered to avoid loss of rock integrity and platform constraints on overall production and injection are imposed all times. Our approach deals with reservoir uncertainties described within a large set of calibrated simulation models to decide on optimal injection rates, taking into account possible risks.

The model-based ORM under uncertainty that we developed has shown gains in total oil production over 20 years of operation up to 7.2% with respect to the base strategy currently applied. On average, results show an increase around 4% in oil production, with concomitant reduction in total water production and in the overall water injection.

A pilot test in the actual field has been implemented to verify the consistency between modeling and reality (data observation), in order to guarantee that the gains forecasted by our study are feasible. We have chosen an area in the field to proceed an optimal injection control pilot, aiming to check the quality of the uncertain models in comparison with the observed data in practice. The pilot area has been selected based on aspects related with geological description, connectivity expected in the reservoir and operational constraints. The results of 8 months of pilot show clear coherence between models and reality within the uncertainty range expected to the reservoir of interest.

To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that an offshore field is actually operated based on a set of controls obtained by an assisted optimal reservoir management procedure, although it was performed still in a pilot scale. Results suggest robust benefits under reservoir uncertainties consideration and large-scale application shall take place soon, but it is out of the scope of this work. The pilot provided more confidence on field applications, leading to broader perspective for full-field implementations.
Sex Differences on Vestibular and Ocular Motor Assessment in Youth Athletes
Authors: Moran Ryan N. , Covassin Tracey , Elbin R. J.
Published: April 2019

Context

The Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) is a newly developed measure that evaluates vestibular and ocular motor symptom provocation after sport-related concussion. The effects of sex on baseline VOMS scores in youth athletes have not been established.

Objective

To examine sex differences on baseline VOMS assessment among youth athletes.

Results

No sex differences were demonstrated between male and female youth athletes on individual VOMS items (P range = .07–.98). Female sex was not associated with increased odds for VOMS scores over clinical-cutoff levels (range: odds ratio = 0.64; 95% confidence interval = 0.35, 1.15; P = .13; odds ratio = 0.91; 95% confidence interval = 0.48, 1.71; P = .77).

Conclusions

No sex differences were present on baseline VOMS scores in youth athletes, nor was sex a risk factor for an abnormal VOMS score. These findings highlight the need for continual baseline and postconcussion assessments using multifaceted assessment strategies.
Conceptualising and measuring employee engagement as a role-related, multi-level construct
Authors: Joubert Marius , Roodt Gert
Published: April 2019

Orientation: Based on different roles that managers occupy at different levels in organisations the question often arises: ‘how will these multiple roles and levels affect their engagement?’Research purpose: This study aimed to establish if employee engagement is a multi-level construct based on the multiple roles that individuals occupy in organisations.Motivation for the study: Several engaging management practices on different organisational levels were identified that either engage or disengage employees that are not being considered in the current mono-level, mono-role engagement models.Research design, approach and method: This quantitative study is based on a cross-sectional survey conducted amongst 1750 individuals with managerial responsibilities in three different organisations. About 610 participants attempted to complete the survey, but only 425 fully completed responses could be used for final statistical analysis.Main findings: Four different structural models were confirmed in the study. The first three confirmed different pull and push factors for individual, team and management engagement. The fourth model established that all three engagement constructs contribute to an engaging climate in organisations without any significant collinearity between the three engagement constructs.Practical/managerial implications: The empirical evidence confirms unique sets of pull and push factors on individual, team and managerial levels. Human resource practitioners should, therefore, take note of which factors promote employee engagement on each level.Contribution/value-add: The study confirms that employee engagement can be viewed as a multi-role, multi-level construct where significant spillover and/or crossover effects between different levels and roles are possible.
A defence of identity for persons with disability: Reflections from religion and philosophy versus ancient African culture
Authors: Ojok Patrick , Musenze Junior B.
Published: April 2019

Background: Religion and philosophy follow the Hegelian dialectic, man as thesis, evil as antithesis and ideal man or God the final synthesis, locking out persons with disability stating that they don’t meet the criteria of being human persons. In contrast, persons with disability were accepted in ancient Africa and their disorder was not shown as a physical handicap.Objectives: The objective of this article was to critically examine how disability is constructed in philosophy and religion in comparison with African culture, in the shaping of disability identity as a form of humanity.Method: This article undertook a document review of both grey and peer reviewed literature. The papers reviewed were identified and screened for relevance, then analysed with the aim of comparing the portrayal of disability in philosophy, religion and ancient Africa.Results: Our analysis revealed that African cultures revered the disability identity, as opposed to philosophy and religion that portrayed it as abnormal. A person with disability was accepted in ancient Africa and given a visible role in society suggesting their integration in daily life activities while their disability was believed to be a blessing from the gods.Conclusion: Religion and philosophy have incredibly alienated persons with disabilities with linguistic and derogative identities. Whereas African spiritualism inherently glorified and/or approved disability, in today’s Africa, persons with disability are increasingly objectified and abused because of ignorance and harsh economic conditions. Nevertheless, the contemporary mistreatment of people with disabilities (PWDs) does not reflect a true African culture but is a symptom and a consequence of the material and economic injustice that PWDs encounter.
Открытые квантовые случайные блуждания и квантовые марковские цепи
Authors: Dhahri A , Mukhamedov Farrukh Maksutovich
Published: April 2019

В работе строятся КМЦ (квантовые марковские цепи), связанные с открытыми квантовыми случайными блужданиями, так, что переходный оператор цепи задается блужданием, а ограничение КМЦ на коммутативную подалгебру совпадает с распределением $\mathbb{P}_\rho$ блуждания. Это проливает новый свет на некоторые свойства меры $\mathbb{P}_\rho$. В качестве примера мы отмечаем, что эту меру можно рассматривать как распределение некоторых функций некоторого марковского процесса.
Molecular Survey of Bartonella Species in Shelter Cats in Rio De Janeiro: Clinical, Hematological, and Risk Factors
Authors: Raimundo Juliana M. , Guimarães Andresa , Amaro Gleice M. , da Silva Aline T. , Botelho Camila F. M. , Massard Carlos L. , de Lemos Elba R. S. , Favacho Alexsandra R. M. , Baldani Cristiane D.
Published: April 2019

The present study aimed to detect Bartonella DNA in cats belonging to shelters, and to evaluate risk factors, clinical signs, and hematological abnormalities associated with infection. Complete blood counts and screening for the presence of Bartonella DNA were performed on cats’ ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid anticoagulant–blood samples. Eighty-three cats (39.9%) were positive for Bartonella species. Bartonella DNA was also detected in fleas and in the blood of cats infested by positive flea. Cats that had not been sterilized, had outdoor access, had histories of fights, and had concurrent flea infestation were more likely to be infected by Bartonella species (P < 0.05). Age and sex were not associated with infection. Fifty-one (38.6%) symptomatic cats were positive to Bartonella species (P > 0.05). Clinical conditions most commonly observed were signs of respiratory abnormality and Sporothrix species coinfection (P > 0.05). Regarding hematological changes, eosinophilia was associated with infection (P < 0.05). A high frequency of Bartonella species infection was found in shelter cats and highlights the importance of adequate flea-control programs to prevent infection in cats and consequently in adopters and other animals.
Evaluation of an Emergency Bulk Chlorination Project Targeting Drinking Water Vendors in Cholera-Affected Wards of Dar es Salaam and Morogoro, Tanzania
Authors: Rajasingham Anu , Hardy Colleen , Kamwaga Stanislaus , Sebunya Kiwe , Massa Khalid , Mulungu Jane , Martinsen Andrea , Nyasani Evalyne , Hulland Erin , Russell Steven , Blanton Curtis , Nygren Benjamin , Eidex Rachel , Handzel Thomas
Published: April 2019

In August 2015, an outbreak of cholera was reported in Tanzania. In cholera-affected areas of urban Dar es Salaam and Morogoro, many households obtained drinking water from vendors, who sold water from tanks ranging in volume from 1,000 to 20,000 L. Water supplied by vendors was not adequately chlorinated. The Tanzanian Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children and the U.N. Children’s Fund, Tanzania, collaborated to enroll and train vendors to treat their water with 8.68-g sodium dichloroisocyanurate tablets (Medentech, Ireland). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provided monitoring and evaluation support. Vendors were provided a 3-month supply of chlorine tablets. A baseline assessment and routine monitoring were conducted by ward environmental health officers. Approximately 3 months after chlorine tablet distribution, an evaluation of the program was conducted. The evaluation included a full enumeration of all vendors, an in-depth survey with half of the vendors enumerated, and focus group discussions. In total, 797 (88.9%) vendors were included in the full enumeration and 392 in the in-depth survey. Free residual chlorine (FRC) was detected in 12.0% of tanks at baseline and 69.6% of tanks during the evaluation; however, only 17.4% of these tanks had FRC ≥ 0.5 mg/L. The results suggest high acceptability and use of the chlorine tablets by water vendors. However, given variation in the water source used and longer storage times, dosing could be increased in future programming. Bulk chlorination using chlorine tablets offers an efficient community-level approach to treating water closer to the point of use.
Towards a cultural history of digital autodidacticism: changing cultural narratives of education
Authors: Sefton-Green Julian
Published: April 2019

The essay argues that the various new imaginaries of the connected, creative, autonomous, coding, motivated and making digital learner have their roots in diverse and older visions of a different kind education system (especially the craft learner working in communities of practice) than that promulgated by the human-capital inspired neoliberal governmentalised States in the world today. Tracing the histories of the older imaginaries in a cultural history of autodidacticism I examine how they become incorporated by, and thus recalibrate competing visions of the “new learner of tomorrow”.
Il corpo-ambiente virtuale
Authors: Diodato Roberto
Published: April 2019

La riflessione odierna sull’husserliano “mondo della vita” non può esimersi dal considerare che oggi il “mondo della vita” è mediatizzato, è un ambiente mediale o semplicemente un medium, un continente/dispositivo abitato da neotecnologie digitali che rendono il tessuto del mondo nel suo insieme una stoffa comunicativa. L’articolo ispeziona in particolare il corpo/ambiente virtuale, un aspetto del mondo della vita ancora non pienamente realizzato nelle sue potenzialità, ma destinato a incidere sempre di più sulle pratiche di vita. Il corpo/ambiente virtuale si caratterizza come un ente di tipo nuovo, immersivo e interattivo, ontologicamente ibrido perché insieme interno ed esterno, cosa e immagine. L’articolo individua in alcune forme d’arte l’indicazione per abitare in modo non passivo il corpo/ambiente virtuale.
A transmissão de conhecimentos como condição para a criatividade: o papel diretivo do professor e a criança feliz
Authors: Marsiglia Ana Carolina Galvão , Saccomani Maria Cláudia da Silva
Published: April 2019

Este artigo versa sobre o desenvolvimento histórico-social da criatividade. Pretende-se mostrar que a criatividade não é um potencial individual inato que se desenvolve por meio de interações espontâneas com o ambiente cultural e tampouco contrária à transmissão sistemática de conhecimento. Assim, começamos o artigo com a problemática sobre a dicotomia entre criatividade e liberdade. Em seguida, nos dedicamos brevemente sobre o desenvolvimento psicológico humano, mais especificamente, da função psíquica imaginação, evidenciando que a criatividade exige transmissão de conhecimentos. Por fim, tecemos algumas considerações sobre o papel da educação escolar no processo de humanização dos indivíduos e ao desenvolvimento da criatividade.
Cenários de pesquisa com e sobre crianças, mídia, imagens e corporeidade
Authors: Fantin Monica , Girardello Gilka Elvira Ponzi
Published: April 2019

Ao pensar a relação entre mídia, imagens e corporeidades na pesquisa com e sobre crianças, o texto discute alguns cenários e práticas culturais das infâncias contemporâneas a partir do olhar da educação. Apresenta-se os fundamentos teórico-metodológicos que têm orientado investigações desenvolvidas num grupo de pesquisa brasileiro nos últimos quatro anos, em sintonia com abordagens presentes em outros contextos nacionais e internacionais. Numa compreensão de pesquisa como espaço de reflexão crítica e instância pedagógica, as investigações escolhidas para compor o recorte do artigo entrelaçam os temas mídia, imagem e corporeidade com a atenção aos direitos das crianças, à ludicidade, às autorias infantis e aos desafios das práticas culturais na cultura digital. Entre tais desafios, destaca-se a necessidade de considerar a escuta às vozes, aos silêncios e às performances das crianças como forma privilegiada para construir metodologias participativas. Sinaliza-se também a importância de  desconstruir certas retóricas redutoras presentes no debate social e dar visibilidade à riqueza do já considerável corpo de pesquisas sobre imagem, mídia e corporeidade na infância. Por fim, o texto enfatiza o papel da articulação interdisciplinar entre pesquisadores que atuam com estes temas, de modo a fortalecer a pesquisa voltada a qualificar a mediação educativa diante das mudanças culturais contemporâneas.
The Material Culture of Tableware
Authors: Zarucchi Jeanne Morgan
Published: April 2019

The Material Culture of Tableware is a fascinating and authoritative study of patterned tableware in the US. There were many companies producing thousands of patterns of tableware in the 19th and 20th centuries, but British companies in general and Johnson Brothers of Stoke-on-Trent in particular were especially successful. Johnson Brothers were the primary exporter of British-made tableware to the American market until the 1960s, and their designs were often emulated by other firms. Their buyers included such major US retailers as Macy’s.

The book undertakes a visual analysis of Johnson Brothers patterns of tableware pottery, with reference to comparable designs by other British companies, such as Spode and Adams. It examines how this practical genre reflected the aesthetic values, sense of identity and aspirations of the American consumers who purchased its products. The study also sheds light on British opinions and understandings of American culture.

The book’s chronological organisation shows how tableware designs reflected the cultural developments of American society during the long 20th century. From status-seeking 1890s beaux-arts patterns and the nostalgic historical scenes of the 1930s, to whimsical 1960s patterns and the contemporary motifs of the 1970s, The Material Culture of Tableware tells a compelling story about who 20th century middle-class Americans were and wanted to be.
The Sports Shoe
Authors: Turner Thomas
Published: April 2019

The story of the sneaker's rise from the first Victorian tennis shoes to the Nike Air Max and beyond

Moving from the athletic field to the shopping mall, Thomas Turner tells a fresh story of the evolution of the sports shoe against the changing landscape of society, sport, fashion, industry, and technology. The Sports Shoe takes us on a journey from the first Victorian tennis shoes to the adidas Superstar and the innovative technologies of Nike Air Max. Featuring newly uncovered archival material and historic images showcasing key personalities, vintage marketing and common perceptions of this hugely desirable product, this book is a must-have for any sneaker collector, historian of popular culture, or anyone interested in the place of athletic footwear in our lives today.
Norman Bel Geddes
Authors: Maffei Nicolas P.
Published: April 2019

Norman Bel Geddes has long been considered the ‘founder’ of American industrial design. During his long career he worked on everything from theatre design, world fairs and cars to houses and product and packaging design.

Nicolas P. Maffei’s magisterial biography draws on original material from the archive at the Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin, and places Bel Geddes’ work within the fast-changing cultural and intellectual contexts of his time. Maffei shows how Bel Geddes’ futuristic but pragmatic style – his notion of ‘practical vision’ – was central to his work, and highly influential on the professional practice of American industrial design in general.