bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value of modified axial review radiograph in diagnosing calcaneal fractures
Authors: Guo Zhe , Yu Bao-Hai , Han Shu-Man , Cao Lei , Wu Hui-Zhao , Zhang Zhu-Zuo , Wu Wen-Juan , Gao Bu-Lang
Published: August 2020

To investigate the value of modified calcaneal axial radiograph—the horizontal calcaneal axial radiograph in diagnosing calcaneal fractures, patients who had acute calcaneal fractures or internal fixation were enrolled, and three groups were established, including the acute fracture group (n = 20), the internal fixation group (n = 20), and the healthy control group (n = 20). All the subjects had regular and modified calcaneal axial radiograph for comparison. In analysis of the results, all volunteers could have ankle dorsiflexion at different degrees. When the ankle was at 30º dorsiflexion for regular axial radiograph, the subtalar joint and the sustentaculum tali could not be clearly displayed. The calcaneus was elongated if the tube tilted in a larger angle but shortened if the tube titled in a smaller angle. When the ankle was at neutral (0º dorsiflexion) location with the tube tilting 45° cephalad or when the ankle was at 20° plantarflexion with the tube tilting 35° cephalad, the subtalar joint, sustentaculum tali, calcaneal body and internal and external calcaneal processes could all be clearly demonstrated. No significant difference (P = 0.79) existed in displaying the bony anatomical structures in regular compared with modified calcaneal axial radiography. For patients with acute calcaneal factures or with internal fixation, the modified calcaneal axial radiography could display more significantly clearly (P = 0.001) bony anatomical structures than the regular one. In conclusion, the modified calcaneal axial radiograph can be performed easily and can clearly show the bony structure of the calcaneus and surrounding bones without adding pain to the patients with calcaneal fractures.
Molecular determinants of SR-B1-dependent Plasmodium sporozoite entry into hepatocytes
Authors: Langlois Anne-Claire , Manzoni Giulia , Vincensini Laetitia , Coppée Romain , Marinach Carine , Guérin Maryse , Huby Thierry , Carrière Véronique , Cosset François-Loïc , Dreux Marlène , Rubinstein Eric , Silvie Olivier
Published: August 2020

Sporozoite forms of the Plasmodium parasite, the causative agent of malaria, are transmitted by mosquitoes and first infect the liver for an initial round of replication before parasite proliferation in the blood. The molecular mechanisms involved during sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes remain poorly understood. Two receptors of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the tetraspanin CD81 and the scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1), play an important role during the entry of Plasmodium sporozoites into hepatocytes. In contrast to HCV entry, which requires both CD81 and SR-B1 together with additional host factors, CD81 and SR-B1 operate independently during malaria liver infection. Sporozoites from human-infecting P. falciparum and P. vivax rely respectively on CD81 or SR-B1. Rodent-infecting P. berghei can use SR-B1 to infect host cells as an alternative pathway to CD81, providing a tractable model to investigate the role of SR-B1 during Plasmodium liver infection. Here we show that mouse SR-B1 is less functional as compared to human SR-B1 during P. berghei infection. We took advantage of this functional difference to investigate the structural determinants of SR-B1 required for infection. Using a structure-guided strategy and chimeric mouse/human SR-B1 constructs, we could map the functional region of human SR-B1 within apical loops, suggesting that this region of the protein may play a crucial role for interaction of sporozoite ligands with host cells and thus the very first step of Plasmodium infection.
Examining multimorbidity differences across racial groups: a network analysis of electronic medical records
Authors: Kalgotra Pankush , Sharda Ramesh , Croff Julie M.
Published: August 2020

Health disparities across ethnic or racial groups are typically examined through single behavior at a time. The syndemics and multimorbidity health disparities have not been well examined by race. In this study, we study health disparities by identifying the networks of multimorbidities among individuals from seven population groups based on race, including White, African American, Asian, Hispanic, Native American, Bi- or Multi-racial and Pacific Islander. We examined a large electronic medical record (EMR) containing health records of more than 18.7 million patients and created multimorbidity networks considering their lifetime history from medical records in order to compare the network properties among seven population groups. In addition, the networks at organ system level depicting the relationship among disorders belonging to different organ systems are also compared. Our macro analysis at the organ-level indicates that African-Americans have a stronger multimorbidity network followed by Whites and Native Americans. The networks of Asians and Hispanics are sparse. Specifically, the relationship of infectious and parasitic disorders with respiratory, circulatory and genitourinary system disorders is stronger among African Americans than others. On the other hand, the relationship of mental disorders with respiratory, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disorders is more prevalent in Whites. Similar other disparities are discussed. Recognition and explanation of such differences in multimorbidities inform the public health policies, and can inform clinical decisions as well. Our multimorbidity network analysis identifies specific differences in diagnoses among different population groups, and presents questions for biological, behavioral, clinical, social science, and policy research.
Colony co-founding in ants is an active process by queens
Authors: Aron Serge , Deneubourg Jean-Louis
Published: August 2020

Cooperative breeding may be selected for in animals when, on average, it confers greater benefits than solitary breeding. In a number of eusocial insects (i.e., ants, bees, wasps, and termites), queens join together to co-create new nests, a phenomenon known as colony co-founding. It has been hypothesised that co-founding evolved because queens obtain several fitness benefits. However, in ants, previous work has suggested that co-founding is a random process that results from high queen density and low nest-site availability. We experimentally examined nest-founding behaviour in the black garden ant,Lasius niger. We gave newly mated queens the choice between two empty nesting chambers, and compared their distribution across the two chambers with that expected under random allocation. We found that queens formed associations of various sizes; in most instances, queens group together in a single chamber. Across all experiments, the frequency of larger groups of queens was significantly higher than expected given random assortment. These results indicate colony co-founding in ants may actually be an active process resulting from mutual attraction among queens. That said, under natural conditions, ecological constraints may limit encounters among newly mated queens.
Longitudinal association between adolescent work values and mental health and well-being in adulthood: a 23-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Fukasawa Maiko , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Nishi Daisuke , Kawakami Norito
Published: August 2020

Personal values developed in adolescence may influence mental health and well-being over the life course. Using data from 684 respondents in the Youth Development Study (61.9% of respondents in the baseline survey), we explored the effects of work values at ages 14–15 on positive and negative emotions, as well as psychological resources (self-esteem and mastery), at ages 37–38. We adjusted for socioeconomic status and the baseline scores of these outcomes using linear regression analyses. Having the work value of getting ahead in adolescence was positively associated with self-esteem in adulthood. Work values in adolescence did not predict positive emotions, negative emotions, or mastery in adulthood. Valuing one’s growth in adolescence may help develop self-esteem in adulthood.
Epigenetics meets GPCR: inhibition of histone H3 methyltransferase (G9a) and histamine H3 receptor for Prader–Willi Syndrome
Authors: Reiner David , Seifert Ludwig , Deck Caroline , Schüle Roland , Jung Manfred , Stark Holger
Published: August 2020

The role of epigenetic regulation is in large parts connected to cancer, but additionally, its therapeutic claim in neurological disorders has emerged. Inhibition of histone H3 lysineN-methyltransferase, especially G9a, has been recently shown to restore candidate genes from silenced parental chromosomes in the imprinting disorder Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). In addition to this epigenetic approach, pitolisant as G-protein coupled histamine H3receptor (H3R) antagonist has demonstrated promising therapeutic effects for Prader–Willi syndrome. To combine these pioneering principles of drug action, we aimed to identify compounds that combine both activities, guided by the pharmacophore blueprint for both targets. However, pitolisant as selective H3R inverse agonist with FDA and EMA-approval did not show the required inhibition at G9a. Pharmacological characterization of the prominent G9a inhibitor A-366, that is as well an inhibitor of the epigenetic reader protein Spindlin1, revealed its high affinity at H3R while showing subtype selectivity among subsets of the histaminergic and dopaminergic receptor families. This work moves prominent G9a ligands forward as pharmacological tools to prove for a potentially combined, symptomatic and causal, therapy in PWS by bridging the gap between drug development for G-protein coupled receptors and G9a as an epigenetic effector in a multi-targeting approach.
Evidence on the formation of dimers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a laminar diffusion flame
Authors: Faccinetto Alessandro , Irimiea Cornelia , Minutolo Patrizia , Commodo Mario , D’Anna Andrea , Nuns Nicolas , Carpentier Yvain , Pirim Claire , Desgroux Pascale , Focsa Cristian , Mercier Xavier
Published: August 2020

The role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the formation of nascent soot particles in flames is well established and yet the detailed mechanisms are still not fully understood. Here we provide experimental evidence of the occurrence of dimerization of PAHs in the gas phase before soot formation in a laminar diffusion methane flame, supporting the hypothesis of stabilization of dimers through the formation of covalent bonds. The main findings of this work derive from the comparative chemical analysis of samples extracted from the gas to soot transition region of a laminar diffusion methane flame, and highlight two different groups of hydrocarbons that coexist in the same mass range, but show distinctly different behavior when processed with statistical analysis. In particular, the identified hydrocarbons are small-to-moderate size PAHs (first group) and their homo- and heterodimers stabilized by the formation of covalent bonds (second group).
Optical and theoretical study of strand recognition by nucleic acid probes
Authors: Domljanovic Ivana , Taskova Maria , Miranda Pâmella , Weber Gerald , Astakhova Kira
Published: August 2020

Detection of nucleic acids is crucial to the study of their basic properties and consequently to applying this knowledge to the determination of pathologies such as cancer. In this work, our goal is to determine new trends for creating diagnostic tools for cancer driver mutations. Herein, we study a library of natural and modified oligonucleotide duplexes by a combination of optical and theoretical methods. We report a profound effect of additives on the duplexes, including nucleic acids as an active crowder. Unpredictably and inconsistent with DNA+LNA/RNA duplexes, locked nucleic acids contribute poorly to mismatch discrimination in the DNA+LNA/DNA duplexes. We develop a theoretical framework that explains poor mismatch discrimination in KRAS oncogene. We implement our findings in a bead-bait genotyping assay to detect mutated human cancer RNA. The performance of rationally designed probes in this assay is superior to the LNA-primer polymerase chain reaction, and it agrees with sequencing data.
Dynamical symmetry of strongly light-driven electronic system in crystalline solids
Authors: Nagai Kohei , Uchida Kento , Yoshikawa Naotaka , Endo Takahiko , Miyata Yasumitsu , Tanaka Koichiro
Published: August 2020

The Floquet state, which is a periodically and intensely light-driven quantum state in solids, has been attracting attention as a novel state that is coherently controllable on an ultrafast time scale. An important issue has been to demonstrate experimentally novel electronic properties in the Floquet state. One technique is light scattering spectroscopy, which offers an important clue to clarifying the symmetries and energy structures of the states through symmetry analysis of the polarization selection rules. Here, we determine circular and linear polarization selection rules of light scattering in a mid-infrared-driven Floquet system in monolayer MoS2 and provide a comprehensive understanding in terms of the “dynamical symmetry” of the Floquet state.
Correction: The sensitive detection of single-cell secreted lactic acid for glycolytic inhibitor screening with a microdroplet biosensor
Authors: Chen Xuyue , Shen Rui , Liu Sidi , Xiao Xiang , Yan Jun , Zhang Yiqiu , Jiang Zhongyun , Nie Baoqing , Liu Jian
Published: August 2020

Correction for ‘The sensitive detection of single-cell secreted lactic acid for glycolytic inhibitor screening with a microdroplet biosensor’ by Xuyue Chen et al., Anal. Methods, 2020, 12, 3250–3259, DOI: 10.1039/D0AY00633E.
Probing the role of oscillator strength and charge of exciton forming molecular J-aggregates in controlling nanoscale plasmon–exciton interactions
Authors: Das Kamalika , Dey Jyotirban , Verma Mrigank Singh , Kumar Manish , Chandra Manabendra
Published: August 2020

In this study, we probe into the roles of exciton oscillator strength and charge of J-aggregates as well as nanoparticle's surface capping ligands in dictating the plasmon–exciton interaction.
Electron density modulation of a metallic GeSb monolayer by pnictogen doping for excellent hydrogen evolution
Authors: Dalsaniya Madhavi H. , Gajaria Trupti K. , Som Narayan N. , Jha Prafulla K.
Published: August 2020

The catalyst assisted water-splitting method as an eco-friendly and cleaner pathway for energy generation has gained much interest in recent times. Through electronic density modulation metallic GeSb behaves as excellent HER catalyst.
Dominance of unique P⋯π phosphorus bonding with π donors: evidence using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and computational methodology
Authors: Chandra Swaroop , Suryaprasad B. , Ramanathan N. , Sundararajan K.
Published: August 2020

The preferential generation and directional determinism of P⋯π phosphorus bonding within low temperature matrices has been established as a consequence of electrostatic dominance in stabilization.
Discussing the performance of beta zeolites in aqueous-phase valorization of xylose
Authors: Coelho Tiago L. , Marinho Bruna , Albuquerque Elise M. , Fraga Marco A.
Published: August 2020

Beta zeolites are potential catalysts for xylose upgrade to bioproducts and selectivity is determined by the balance between water-tolerant Lewis and Brønsted acid sites.
Particle size effect on the photocatalytic kinetics of barium titanate powders
Authors: Amaechi Ifeanyichukwu C. , Katoch Rajesh , Kolhatkar Gitanjali , Sun Shuhui , Ruediger Andreas
Published: August 2020

Particle size plays both a chemical and physical role in fields such as catalysis where a substantial surface-to-volume ratio is required in addition to photon utilization efficiency.
Okra fruit: LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MSnbased deep insight on polar lipids and specialized metabolites with evaluation of anti-oxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activity
Authors: D'Urso Gilda , Napolitano Assunta , Cannavacciuolo Ciro , Masullo Milena , Piacente Sonia
Published: August 2020

The chemical composition of okra fruit was analysed by LC-HRMS. Metabolites belonging to different polar lipid classes, along with phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified. The antioxidant activity and inhibition of α-glucosidase were assayed.
Hydrothermally grown novel pyramids of the CaTiO3 perovskite as an efficient electrode modifier for sensing applications
Authors: Ahmad Khursheed , Kumar Praveen , Mobin Shaikh M.
Published: August 2020

Herein, we report novel CaTiO3 pyramids, prepared by a hydrothermal approach using calcium nitrate and titanium butoxide in the presence of sodium hydroxide.
Intrinsic MRI contrast from amino acid-based paramagnetic ionic liquids
Authors: Gehlot Praveen Singh , Gupta Hariom , Rathore Mangal Singh , Khatri Kusum , Kumar Arvind
Published: August 2020

Paramagnetic ionic liquids (PMILs) comprising of natural amino acids and tetrachloroferrate(iii) as constituent ions were prepared that act as highly efficient dual mode (T1 and T2) responsive contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Morphology and crystal structure dependent pseudocapacitor performance of hydrated WO3 nanostructures
Authors: Gupta Shobhnath P. , Nishad Harishchandra H. , Patil Vandana B. , Chakane Sanjay D. , More Mahendra A. , Late Dattatray J. , Walke Pravin S.
Published: August 2020

The morphology tuning with synthesis temperature shows 2D nanosheet conversion into 3D slabs with improved crystallinity promising proton insertion into the layered crystal structure for better supercapacitor performance.
Bright neodymium complexes for efficient near infra-red organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Ahmed Zubair , Avila Harold C. , Carvalho Rafael S. , Kai Jiang , Resende J. A. L. C. , Bandini Elisa , Barbieri Andrea , Cremona Marco
Published: August 2020

This paper reports the synthesis, structures, and photophysical and electroluminescence properties of low symmetry NIR emitting octa- and nona-coordinate Nd tris β-diketonate complexes.
Copper(i)–alkylamine mediated synthesis of copper nanowires
Authors: Zhang Tan , Hsieh Wen-Yi , Daneshvar Farhad , Liu Cong , Rwei Syang-Peng , Sue Hung-Jue
Published: August 2020

Formation of a Cu(i)–alkylamine (1 : 2) complex is found to be the key step for Cu(ii) ions to reduce to Cu(0) in the presence of glucose, which completes the mechanism for the hydrothermal synthesis of Cu nanocrystals.
Synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indoles via a tandem reaction
Authors: Ma Shiqiang , Long Dan , Chen Peiqi , Shi Hongliang , Li Huilin , Fang Ran , Wang Xiaolei , Xie Xingang , She Xuegong
Published: August 2020

A wide array of 2,3-disubstituted indoles were accessed in modest to good yields via a tandem reduction/condensation/fragmentation/cyclization sequence. Differential fragmentation made the reaction more complicated.
Structural, physicochemical and functional properties of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae protein
Authors: Zhang Hongyin , Shao Shuai , Han Rongxin , Zhang Rongrong , Ma Xintong , Wang Miao , Wan Zhiqiang , Zhao Daqing , Yan Mingming
Published: August 2020

We determined and analyzed the structural, physicochemical and functional properties of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae protein. It shows that SZSP has good processing properties and can become a new plant protein source.
The role of pH in corrosion inhibition of tin using the proline amino acid: theoretical and experimental investigations
Authors: EL Ibrahimi Brahim , Bazzi Lahcen , EL Issami Souad
Published: August 2020

Herein, the effect of a mediums' pH on the interfacial interactions between proline (Pro) amino acid and tin metal was studied.
Rapid characterization of chemical constituents of Shaoyao Gancao decoction using UHPLC coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Sun Lin , Zhao Min , Zhao Yanhui , Jiang Xue , Wang Miao , Zhang Yixin , Zhao Chunjie
Published: August 2020

Flowchart of rapid characterization of the chemical constituents of Shaoyao Gancao decoction by UHPLC coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.
Heteroleptic manganese compounds as potential precursors for manganese based thin films and nanomaterials
Authors: Lee Sunju , Lee Ga Yeon , Kim Chang Gyoun , Chung Taek-Mo , Park Bo Keun
Published: August 2020

Among the five novel synthesized manganese compounds, Mn(dmampea)(iPr-MeAMD) was obtained as a highly volatile liquid compound that can be used as a precursor for manganese based thin films and nanomaterials.
Transistor properties of salen-type metal complexes
Authors: Koyama Kyohei , Iijima Kodai , Yoo Dongho , Mori Takehiko
Published: August 2020

Schiff base complexes exhibit p-channel transistor properties irrespective of metal atoms because the SOMO does not participate in the conduction.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new 2-aminothiazole scaffolds as phosphodiesterase type 5 regulators and COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors
Authors: Hussein Abdel Haleem M. , Khames Ahmed A. , El-Adasy Abu-Bakr A. , Atalla Ahmed A. , Abdel-Rady Mohamed , Hassan Mohamed I. A. , Nemr Mohamed T. M. , Elshaier Yaseen A. A. M.
Published: August 2020

A new series of 2-aminothiazole derivatives was designed and prepared as phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) regulators and COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors.
A novel and fast method to prepare a Cu-supported α-Sb2S3@CuSbS2binder-free electrode for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Jing , Dou Qirui , Zhang Lijuan , Wang Yingyu , Yuan Hao , Chen Jiangchun , Cao Yu
Published: August 2020

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries due to its low cost and high theoretical specific capacity.
Synthesis of 2D cobalt oxide nanosheets using a room temperature liquid metal
Authors: Crawford Jessica , Cowman Aidan , O'Mullane Anthony P.
Published: August 2020

A RT liquid metal based on Ga can be used as a synthesis medium for creation of 2D nanosheets of cobalt oxide via expulsion of the sheets from the liquid metal surface into an acidic aqueous solution. The 2D nanosheets are shown to be active for OER.
Plasma-assisted nitrogen fixation in water with various metals
Authors: Lamichhane Pradeep , Paneru Ramhari , Nguyen Linh N. , Lim Jun Sup , Bhartiya Pradeep , Adhikari Bishwa Chandra , Mumtaz Sohail , Choi Eun Ha
Published: August 2020

Hydrogen generated from the reduction of hydrogen ions found in plasma-generated acid not only enhances the plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis rate by providing an additional hydrogen donor but also controls the acidity of plasma-activated water.
Photo-crosslink analysis in nonribosomal peptide synthetases reveals aberrant gel migration of branched crosslink isomers and spatial proximity between non-neighboring domains
Authors: Dehling Eva , Rüschenbaum Jennifer , Diecker Julia , Dörner Wolfgang , Mootz Henning D.
Published: August 2020

Photo-crosslink analysis reveals unexpected insights into the higher-order architecture of NRPS and the nature of crosslink isomers.
Frequency dependent energy storage and dielectric performance of Ba–Zr Co-doped BiFeO3 loaded PVDF based mechanical energy harvesters: effect of corona poling
Authors: Sasmal Abhishek , Sen Shrabanee , Devi P. Sujatha
Published: August 2020

Corona poling improved the energy storage and mechanical energy harvesting performance of PVDF–Bi0.95Ba0.05Fe0.95Zr0.05O3 composite films.
Expanding the potential of redox carriers for flow battery applications
Authors: Andrade Gabriel A. , Popov Ivan A. , Federico Celia R. , Yang Ping , Batista Enrique R. , Mukundan Rangachary , Davis Benjamin L.
Published: August 2020

Small synthetic changes, big voltage impact.
Alkali-cation-enhanced benzylammonium passivation for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells fabricated through sequential deposition
Authors: Cao Jie , Jiang Junke , Li Nan , Dong Yifan , Jia Yongheng , Tao Shuxia , Zhao Ni
Published: August 2020

Compositional perovskites were developed by a sequential deposition method for highly efficient and stable solar cells. The inclusion of alkali cation and benzylammonium showed synergistic passivation-effect and demonstrated 22.5% efficiency with over 1500 h stability.
Catalytic activity for dissociative oxygen adsorption of Co-based oxides at high temperature evaluated by a modified pulse isotopic exchange technique
Authors: Tomura Yuto , Tazawa Toma , Oikawa Itaru , Takamura Hitoshi
Published: August 2020

A modified pulse isotopic exchange technique is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the dissociative adsorption rate of Co-based oxides at high temperature. Their catalytic activity is significantly enhanced by the formation of Co-ion clusters.
A super-resilient and highly sensitive graphene oxide/cellulose-derived carbon aerogel
Authors: Jiang Wenzhao , Yao Chenfei , Chen Wei , Li Di , Zhong Linxin , Liu Chuanfu
Published: August 2020

By engineering an ordered lamellar texture and stabilizing the structure during carbonization, an ultralight carbon aerogel with superior mechanical performances and high linear sensitivity is successfully fabricated.
Interfacial self-assembled GR/GO ultrathin membranes on a large scale for molecular sieving
Authors: Xia Junyuan , Xiao Peng , Gu Jincui , Chen Tianyu , Liu Chaohui , Yan Luke , Chen Tao
Published: August 2020

Graphene oxide (GO) has superior molecular sieving abilities due to its unimpeded two-dimensional (2D) nano-channels and nacre-like lamellar structure.
Recent advances in CO2capture and simultaneous conversion into cyclic carbonates over porous organic polymers having accessible metal sites
Authors: Luo Rongchang , Chen Min , Liu Xiangying , Xu Wei , Li Jiayi , Liu Baoyu , Fang Yanxiong
Published: August 2020

This review describes the recent advances in the design and synthesis of metal-functionalized porous organic polymers featuring accessible active sites and discloses the structure–property relationship in the metal-catalyzed CO2cycloaddition reaction to epoxides.
The triple structure design of 2D amorphous Fe-doped indium phosphate nanosheets as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for water oxidation
Authors: Han Jianxin , Wei Qinghui , Zhang Jifu , Zhang Bo , Li Can , Wang Wei , Cao Lixin , Dong Bohua
Published: August 2020

A triple structure engineering strategy, combining amorphization, two-dimensional morphology design and Fe doping, is developed to promote the OER activity of metal phosphates, simultaneously enhancing the catalytic active sites and intrinsic activity.
MOF-derived novel porous Fe3O4@C nanocomposites as smart nanomedical platforms for combined cancer therapy: magnetic-triggered synergistic hyperthermia and chemotherapy
Authors: Xiang Zhen , Qi Yiyao , Lu Yusheng , Hu Zhenrong , Wang Xiao , Jia Wenwen , Hu Jingzhou , Ji Jiansong , Lu Wei
Published: August 2020

Smart Fe3O4@C-PVP@DOX nanomedical platforms hold great potential application in the precise treatments of clinical cancer.
Photo-induced specific intracellular release EGFR inhibitor from enzyme/ROS-dual sensitive nano-platforms for molecular targeted-photodynamic combinational therapy of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Man , Zhang Xuequan , Cai Shengsheng , Mei Heng , He Yanmei , Huang Dennis , Shi Wenqiang , Li Sai , Cao Jun , He Bin
Published: August 2020

Nanoparticles with active-targeting, enzyme and ROS sensitive features were fabricated to load AFT for molecular targeted- and photodynamic combinational therapy.
The exploration of novel fluorescent copper–cysteamine nanosheets for sequential detection of Fe3+and dopamine and fabrication of molecular logic circuits
Authors: Huang Zhenzhen , Song Wenzhi , Li Yue , Wang Lingyun , Pandey Nil Kanatha , Chudal Lalit , Wang Min , Li Yachun , Zhao Lanlan , Yin Wanzhong , Chen Wei
Published: August 2020

Herein, newly emerged copper–cysteamine (Cu–Cy) nanosheets with red fluorescence and a good stability were explored as a new type of probe for Fe3+and dopamine detection.
Metal chalcogenide semiconductor nanocrystals synthesized from ion-conducting seeds and their applications
Authors: Kapuria Nilotpal , Ghorpade Uma V. , Zubair Maria , Mishra Mohini , Singh Shalini , Ryan Kevin M.
Published: August 2020

This review explains the significance of ion-conductive solid seed-based synthesis from a mechanistic point of view to produce 1D and quasi-1D metal chalcogenide heterostructures and alloyed nanocrystals for applications in photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and photodetectors.
Quinoidal dicyanomethylene-endcapped cyclopentadithiophenes as vacuum-processable n-type semiconductors
Authors: Menekse Kaan , Chen Pengzhong , Mahlmeister Bernhard , Anhalt Olga , Kudzus Astrid , Stolte Matthias , Würthner Frank
Published: August 2020

A series of new quinoidal cyclopentadithiophene-based vacuum-processable n-type semiconductors were synthesized and characterized, followed by their successful application in organic thin-film transistors and initial studies in organic solar cells.
Exploring the Validity and Operational Impact of Using Allied Health Assistants to Conduct Dysphagia Screening for Low-Risk Patients Within the Acute Hospital Setting
Authors: Schwarz Maria , Ward Elizabeth C. , Cornwell Petrea , Coccetti Anne , D'Netto Pamela , Smith Aimee , Morley-Davies Katharine
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine (a) the agreement between allied health assistants (AHAs) and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) when completing dysphagia screening for low-risk referrals and at-risk patients under a delegation model and (b) the operational impact of this delegation model.

Method

All AHAs worked in the adult acute inpatient settings across three hospitals and completed training and competency evaluation prior to conducting independent screening. Screening (pass/fail) was based on results from pre-screening exclusionary questions in combination with a water swallow test and the Eating Assessment Tool. To examine the agreement of AHAs' decision making with SLPs, AHAs (
n
= 7) and SLPs (
n
= 8) conducted an independent, simultaneous dysphagia screening on 51 adult inpatients classified as low-risk/at-risk referrals. To examine operational impact, AHAs independently completed screening on 48 low-risk/at-risk patients, with subsequent clinical swallow evaluation conducted by an SLP with patients who failed screening.

Results

Exact agreement between AHAs and SLPs on overall pass/fail screening criteria for the first 51 patients was 100%. Exact agreement for the two tools was 100% for the Eating Assessment Tool and 96% for the water swallow test. In the operational impact phase (
n
= 48), 58% of patients failed AHA screening, with only 10% false positives on subjective SLP assessment and nil identified false negatives.

Conclusion

AHAs demonstrated the ability to reliably conduct dysphagia screening on a cohort of low-risk patients, with a low rate of false negatives. Data support high level of agreement and positive operational impact of using trained AHAs to perform dysphagia screening in low-risk patients.
The chemical composition of impact craters on Titan
Authors: Solomonidou A. , Neish C. , Coustenis A. , Malaska M. , Le Gall A. , Lopes R. M. C. , Werynski A. , Markonis Y. , Lawrence K. , Altobelli N. , Witasse O. , Schoenfeld A. , Matsoukas C. , Baziotis I. , Drossart P.
Published: August 2020

We investigate the spectral behavior of nine Titan impact craters in order to constrain their composition. Past studies that have examined the chemical composition of impact craters on Titan have either used qualitative comparisons between craters or combined all craters into a single unit, rather than separating them by geographic location and/or degradation state. Here, we use Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) data and a radiative transfer code to estimate the atmospheric contribution to the data, extract the surface albedos of the impact craters, and constrain their composition by using a library of candidate Titan materials, including essentially water ice, tholin, a dark component, and other possible ices at different grain sizes. Following a general characterization of the impact craters, we study two impact crater subunits, the “crater floor” and the “ejecta blanket”. The results show that the equatorial dune craters – Selk, Ksa, Guabonito, and the crater on Santorini Facula – appear to be purely composed of organic material (mainly an unknown dark component). Titan’s midlatitude plain craters – Afekan, Soi, and Forseti – along with Menrva and Sinlap, are enriched in water ice within an organic-based mixture. This follows the geographic pattern observed in our previous work with VIMS data, where the uppermost layers of the midlatitude alluvial fans, undifferentiated plains, and labyrinth terrains were found to consist of a mixture of organics and water ice, while the equatorial plains, hummocky terrains, and dunes were found to consist of a mixture of dark material and tholins. Furthermore, we found that the addition of some form of ice improves the fit in the ejecta spectra of Afekan and Sinlap craters. We find no indication for the presence of either NH3 or CO2 ice. Our main results agree with an existing Titan surface evolution scenario, wherein the impact cratering process produces a mixture of organic material and water ice, which is later “cleaned” through fluvial erosion in the midlatitude plains. This cleaning process does not appear to operate in the equatorial regions, which are quickly covered by a thin layer of sand sediment (with the exception of the freshest crater on Titan, Sinlap). Thus, it appears that active processes are working to shape the surface of Titan, and it remains a dynamic world in the present day.
An Efficient Hydration and Tandem Transfer Hydrogenation of Alkynes for the Synthesis of Alcohol in Water
Authors: Ouyang Lu , Luo Renshi , Luo Nianhua , Zhong Yuhong , Liu Ji-Tian
Published: August 2020

A practical and efficient method for the synthesis of alcohols in one pot from readily available alkynes via a tandem process by formic acid promoted hydration and metal-ligand bifunctional iridium-catalyzed­ transfer hydrogenation under mild conditions has been described. This transformation is simple, efficient, and can be performed with a variety of alkynes in good yields and with excellent stereoselectivities. Experimental results showed high catalytic activity, and turnover frequency (TOF) up to 25000. Importantly, this transformation can be conducted in water, and is thus green and environmentally friendly.
Esophageal Fistula following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in Traumatic Cervical Injury Cases: A Review
Authors: Meena Rajesh K. , Doddamani Ramesh S. , Sawarkar Dattaraj P. , Singh Pankaj K. , Agarwal Deepak
Published: August 2020

Background Esophageal fistula is a very rare complication associated with anterior approaches to the cervical spine. Timely diagnosis and early intervention are associated with favorable outcomes. There is a dilemma in the literature for its optimal management. In this review article, we will discuss the management dilemmas in patients with esophageal perforation along with an illustrative case.

Material and Methods A 24-year-old male patient operated for C5–6 fracture dislocation, presented with esophageal fistula 1 month after surgery. Investigations were done to localize the site of fistula but definitive site of leak could not be identified. Patient was counselled regarding possible surgical intervention; however, patient was opted for conservative treatment.

Conclusion Esophageal fistula is a very rare occurrence. Because of varied clinical presentation and frequent delay in diagnosis, a very high index of suspicion should always be kept in mind while evaluating a patient postoperatively for dysphagia. Timely diagnosis and early intervention are key to a successful outcome.
An Unusual Presentation of Growing Skull Fracture with Sutural Diastasis
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Jain Gaurav , Shekhawat Jitendra , Chopra Sanjeev , Sinha Virendra Deo
Published: August 2020

Growing skull fracture (GSF) is a rare complication of childhood skull fractures, which is caused by progressive diastatic enlargement of the fracture line. Progressive swelling is the most common presenting feature. The most common site is the parietal region. Sutural diastasis is a rare site for development of GSF. Early treatment is must as they cause delayed onset neurological deficit and cranial asymmetry. The aim of this report is to discuss an unusual presentation of GSF with sutural diastasis and review of literature.
Spectrum of Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes in Gram-Negative Bacteria Causing Human Infections
Authors: Lalitha Aishwarya Kayanam Vijaya , Venkataramana Geetha Pacha , Eswaran Sudalai , Mariappan Shanthi , Sekar Uma
Published: August 2020

Introduction Aminoglycosides are formidable broad-spectrum antibiotics used in clinical settings; woefully their usage has been reduced by the emergence and distribution of resistance mainly due to aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AME).

Purpose This study was performed to determine the diverse prevalence of AME and their pattern of occurrence in the clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria. This study also aimed to detect the presence of AMEs that are prevalent in gram-positive bacteria, among gram negatives.

Materials and Methods A total number of 386 clinical isolates were included in this study. Polymerase chain reaction revealed the prevalence rate of AMEs screened [aac(6′)-lb, aac(3′)-I, aac(3′)-II, aac(3′)-VI, ant(2′)-I, ant(4′)-IIb, aac(3′)-III, aac(3′)-IV, aph(2′)-Ib, aph(2′)-Ic, aph(2′)-Id, aac (6′)-Ie- aph(2′)-Ia, and aph(3′)-IIIa]. Conjugation experiment was performed for the clinical isolates which harbored any one of the AME which was prevalent in gram-positive bacteria [aph(3′)-IIIa, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia].

Results aac(6′)-lb is the most prevalent AME, followed by aac(3′)-I, aph(3′)-VI, aac(3′)-VI, and aac(3′)-II. The AMEs such as ant (2′)-I, ant(4′)-IIb, aac(3′)-III, aac(3′)-IV, aph(2′)-Ib, aph(2′)-Ic, and aph(2′)-Id were not established in our study isolates. The rate of prevalence of aph(3′)-IIIa, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia—the AMEs encountered in gram-positive and their co-existence was 19.68% and the conjugation experiment revealed their transfer via plasmids.

Conclusion This is the first report from India revealing the presence and prevalence of AMEs which are often encountered among gram-positive bacteria in gram negatives and their presence on conjugative plasmids.
The Yield of Repeat Angiography in Angiography-Negative Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Yeole Ujwal , Nagesh Madhusudhan , Shukla Dhaval , R. Aravind H. , R. Prabhuraj A.
Published: August 2020

Objective Despite the technological advancement in imaging, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains gold standard imaging modality for spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). But even after DSA, around 15% of SAH remains elusive for the cause of the bleed. This is an institutional review to solve the mystery, “when is second DSA really indicated?”

Methods In a retrospective review from January 2015 to December 2017, we evaluated cases of spontaneous SAH with initial negative DSA with repeat DSA after 6 weeks to rule out vascular abnormality. The spontaneous SAH was confirmed on noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) and divided into two groups of perimesencephalic SAH (PM-SAH) or nonperimesencephalic SAH (nPM-SAH). The outcome was assessed by a modified Rankin’s score (mRS) at 6 months postictus.

Results During the study period, we had 119 cases of initial negative DSA and 98 cases (82.3%) underwent repeat DSA after 6 weeks interval. A total of 53 cases (54.1%) had PM-SAH and 45 cases (45.9%) had nPM-SAH. Repeat DSA after 6 weeks showed no vascular abnormality in 53 cases of PM-SAH and in 2 (4.4%) out of 45 cases of nPM-SAH. At 6 months postictus, all cases of PM-SAH and 93% of nPM-SAH had mRS of 0.

Conclusion We recommend, a repeat DSA is definitely not required in PM-SAH, but it should be done for all cases of nPM-SAH, before labeling them as nonaneurysmal SAH. Although the overall outcome for nonaneurysmal spontaneous SAH is better than aneurysmal SAH, nPM-SAH has poorer eventual outcome compared to PM-SAH.
Protective Effect of Lycopene against Reperfusion Injury in Rats with Ovarian Torsion: A Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation
Authors: Yilmaz Emsal Pinar Topdagi , Un Harun , Gundogdu Betul , Polat Elif , Askin Seda , Topdagi Yunus Emre , Halici Zekai
Published: August 2020

Objective The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of two different doses of lycopene, an antioxidant, on experimentally induced ovarian ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in rat model.

Materials and Methods Twenty-four female rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation (group 1), 3-hour ischemia, 3-hour reperfusion (IR) (group 2), and IR + 100 mg/kg lycopene (PO) (group 3), IR + 200 mg/kg of lycopene (group 4). The rats’ superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels were calculated. Ovarian tissue damage was assessed using a histopathological scoring system.

Results Serum parameter levels and histological scores showed that treatment with lycopene may be conservative approach to prevent IR injury after the ovarian detorsion procedure.The improvement with lycopene was higher at 200 mg than at 100 mg. The MPO and MDA values were significantly lower in groups 3 and 4 as compared with group 2 (p < 0.05), whereas the MPO and MDA values were lower in group 4 as compared with group 3.The SOD and GSH values were significantly higher in groups 3 and 4 as compared with group 2 (p < 0.05), whereas the SOD and GSH values were higher in group 4 as compared with group 3.Tissue damage scores were elevated in the IR group compared with the sham group, but the treatment with different lycopene doses after reperfusion improved the histopathological tissue damage scores.

Conclusion The results showed that lycopene treatment reduced ovarian IR damage. Antioxidant activity was found to increase in a dose-dependent manner. Lycopene treatment may be conservative approach for ovarian torsion patients after the detorsion procedure to prevent IR damage.
The enabling impact of digital technologies on distributed energy resources integration
Authors: Bañales Santiago
Published: August 2020

The future of energy systems is currently driven by three key trends: electrification, decarbonization, and digitalization. A growing share of renewable generation is without doubt part of the solution to accommodate the increasing electricity demand with a low-carbon emission constraint. The question addressed in this review paper is to what extent digitalization will enable the decentralization of renewable energy generation close to the point of consumption. Digital technologies, namely, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, IoT, and Distributed Ledgers, will have a positive impact on renewable Distributed Energy Resources adoption by contributing to achieve a better balance between supply and demand at the edge of the grid and by improving the hosting capacity of distribution networks. However, decentralized energy production is still limited by structural factors (e.g., low power density of renewable resources, economies of scale in renewable generation and storage), regulatory factors (e.g., access to the grid, pricing policy), and digital technology constraints (e.g., limited number of transaction per second). As a result, the likely scenario of development is a reasonable mix between decentralized and (also digital enabled) centralized renewable-based energy generation interconnected together with an engaged customer and highly developed and smarter distribution and transmission networks.
Glucosinolate profile and Myrosinase gene expression are modulated upon Plasmodiophora brassicae infection in cabbage
Authors: Kayum Md. Abdul , Nath Ujjal Kumar , Park Jong-In , Hossain Mohammad Rashed , Kim Hoy-Taek , Kim Hye-Ran , Nou Ill-Sup
Published: August 2020

Clubroot is a devastating disease of Brassicaceae caused by the biotrophic protist Plasmodiophora brassicae. The progression of clubroot disease is modulated by the glucosinolate (GSL) profile of the host plant. GSL is hydrolysed by the enzyme myrosinase upon cell disruption and gives rise to metabolites like isothiocyanate, nitriles, thiocyanates, epithionitriles and oxazolidines. Some of these metabolites play important roles in the plant’s defence mechanism. We identified 13 Myrosinase (Myro) and 28 Myrosinase-Binding Protein-like (MBP) genes from Brassica oleracea L. using a comparative genomics approach and characterised them through in silico analyses. We compared the expression patterns of these genes in a clubroot-susceptible line and a resistant line following inoculation with P. brassicae. Two BolMyro and 12 BolMBP genes were highly expressed in the susceptible line, whereas only one BolMyro and five BolMBP genes were highly expressed in the resistant line. Principal component analysis confirmed that specific GSL profiles and gene expression were modulated due to pathogen infection. Plants with higher levels of neoglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin and methooxyglucobrassicin produced disease symptoms and formed galls, whereas, plants with higher levels of sinigrin, hydroxyglucobrassicin and progoitrin produced less symptoms with almost no galls. Our results provide insights into the roles of Myro and MBP genes in GSL hydrolysis during P. brassicae infection, which will help for developing clubroot resistant cabbage lines.
Mathematical model of colorectal cancer initiation
Authors: Paterson Chay , Clevers Hans , Bozic Ivana
Published: August 2020

Significance

Cancer evolution cannot be observed directly in patients, and new methodologies are needed for obtaining a quantitative understanding of this obscure process. We develop and analyze a stochastic model of malignant transformation in the colon that precisely quantifies the process of colorectal carcinogenesis in patients through loss of tumor suppressors
APC
and
TP53
and gain of the
KRAS
oncogene. Our study employs experimentally measured mutation rates in the colon and growth advantages provided by driver mutations. We calculate the probability of a colorectal malignancy, the sizes of premalignant lesions, and the order of acquisition of driver mutations during colorectal tumor evolution. Our model can be used as a starting point in evaluating early detection and treatment efforts.
Why can’t we be friends?
Authors: Greene Patrick , Defibaugh Staci
Published: August 2020

The 2017 Unite the Right Rally in Charlottesville, Virginia represented a watershed moment for the alt-right movement in
the United States, involving a highly visible demonstration of multiple far-right hate groups. Understanding how multiple groups such as
those that “united” in the Unite the Right Rally is essential in potentially disrupting future events and curbing their ability to create
consensus. In this paper, we note that participants often engage in conflict through evaluative and authoritative stance taking. Aggression
is sometimes ignored, and other times gets escalated through interpersonal conflict. Throughout, rapport or consensus is rarely prioritized.
These findings offer insight into the workings of the alt-right and provide an example of how discourse analysis can be used in intelligence
gathering and research on these dangerous groups.
Two-dimensional metal halides
Authors: Aji Suleiman Abdulsalam , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou
Published: August 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) metal halide materials have recently attracted much attention due to their layered structures, direct bandgap, and high absorption coefficient, rendering them promising applications for electronics and optoelectronics. In addition, they have shown remarkable tunable magnetic properties depending on layer thickness and stacking order. In this letter, recent studies on 2D metal halides and their structural and optical properties, synthesis methods, and applications are reviewed. First, their layered crystal and electronic band structures are presented. Next, synthesis methods, such as mechanical exfoliation, liquid phase method, and vapor phase deposition, are summarized. Additionally, their device performance in field-effect transistors, photodetectors, spintronics, and 2D van der Waals heterostructures are presented. Finally, some conclusions and an outlook for future research are stated.