bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Five-Year Retrospective Review of the Clinical Spectrum and Management Pattern of Dacryocystitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Coastal Karnataka
Authors: Dinesh Anagha , Savur Sheetal
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND Dacryocystitis is the most common pathology affecting lacrimal drainage system, representing 79 - 87 % of all lesions. This retrospective study was conducted to understand the clinical spectrum and management patterns of dacryocystitis in the past 5 years in a tertiary care hospital of coastal Karnataka. METHODS This is a five-year retrospective review of the case records of patients with dacryocystitis from the year 2015 to 2019. The records were retrieved from the electronic medical record system of the hospital using the International Statistical Classification (ICD) 10 codes. Data retrieved included, demographic profile, clinical history, presenting symptoms, past surgical interventions, examination findings, systemic comorbidities, pattern of management, medical or surgical management and complications if any. 45 cases that had completed medical records were included in the study. RESULTS The mean age of presentation was 49.37 (± 19.59). The condition was more common in females with a male to female ratio of 1:2.5. The condition was almost equal on both sides. 11 (24.44 %) had bilateral involvement. The patients were mostly from coastal areas or dry plains. Most common presentation was chronic dacryocystitis. Aggravated epiphora was the most common symptom (33) 73.3 %. Diabetes mellitus (15) and hypertension (10) were the most common systemic comorbidities. (22) 48.8 % had no comorbidities. The complications seen were (4) 8.9 % fistula, (1) 2.2 % lacrimal abscess, (2) 4.4 % conjunctivitis and (1) 2.2 % preseptal cellulitis. The patients who underwent nasal examination were (31) 68.9 % out of which, 26 had no abnormal finding in the nose. Surgical treatment was performed in 29 (64.4 %) mainly in the form of dacryocystectomy (DCT) 24 (53.3 %) while only 5 (11.1 %) underwent conventional dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). CONCLUSIONS Chronic dacryocystitis is the most common form of presentation with higher incidence in the females in the fifth decade of life. Epiphora was the commonest symptom. Most patients who underwent a preoperative nasal examination did not have any pathology. DCT was the more commonly performed procedure. KEYWORDS Acute Dacryocystitis, Chronic Dacryocystitis, Dacryocystectomy, Dacryocystorhinostomy, Epiphora
A Comparative Study of CURB-65 and Expanded CURB-65 Scoring Systems in Community Acquired Pneumonia in a Tertiary Care Centre of Patna
Authors: Mitra Debjit , Roy Uttiya , Sinha Abhay Kumar , Bharti Shiv Shankar
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND A variety of organisms cause community-acquired pneumonia, including bacteria, viruses and fungi. Pathogens vary in age and other factors, but the relative importance of each pneumonia as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia remains uncertain because most patients do not undergo thorough testing and because even when tested, specific agents are found in < 50 percent of cases. This study was conducted to evaluate a severity scoring system for community acquired pneumonia and compare it with the standard confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure and 65 years of age or older (CURB-65) scoring system in a tertiary care centre in Patna Medical College. METHODS This hospital based prospective study was conducted among 100 consecutive patients of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) attending OPD or getting admitted in General Medicine ward of Patna Medical College. The CURB-65 and Expanded CURB-65 scores for these patients were calculated and the accuracy of either in predicting outcomes was statistically analysed, during the period September 2018 - May 2019. RESULTS The mean age of CAP patients in our study was 59.09 ± 12.942 years, the most common co-morbidity observed was diabetes mellitus followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders (COPD), cardiovascular disease, chronic liver disease and chronic renal disease. Our study showed that the mortality rate of the study population was 12 % and 30 % patients needed admission in the ICU and 24 % patients needed invasive mechanical ventilation. In the above analysis for 30-day mortality rate, ICU admission rate, and the need for mechanical ventilation among 0 - 2 and 3 - 5 CURB 65 scores, we found no statistically significant difference (P-value = > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The extended CURB-65 score gives priority to both clinical and laboratory parameters and is a more accurate marker for the evaluation of CAP severity and may boost the effectiveness of predicting mortality in CAP patients compared to the current CURB-65 score system. KEYWORDS CAP, CURB-65, Expanded CURB-65
Vaccines Immunize People; Legislation Immunizes Vaccine Manufacturers. Legislation in the United States Regulating Liability for the Manufacture, Distribution and Administration of Vaccines
Authors: Heller Thomas Allan
Published: April 2021

Infectious diseases have caused widespread misery, and have wreaked havoc physically, mentally, economically, politically, and socially. Fortunately, in more recent years, scientists have developed vaccines. Vaccines are generally very safe, but cause side effects in a small percentage of cases. The United States Congress has passed two major pieces of legislation that provide sweeping tort immunity to vaccine manufacturers and others. In 1986 Congress passed the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act (NCVIA) and in 2005 it passed the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act (PREP ACT). Both Acts were passed to encourage manufacturers to develop vaccines, particularly in times of public emergencies, in exchange for expansive liability protection. Both Acts established no-fault type compensation schemes to compensate those suffering injury or death from vaccines without having to resort to typical litigation. The author discusses both Acts in detail, in the context of the current Covid-19 crisis.
DIREITO DE LAJE: MECANISMOS DE PREFERÊNCIA NA ALIENAÇÃO DA LAJE
Authors: De Faveri Leacina João Rafael
Published: April 2021

O direito de laje é um dos novos direitos reais que foram inclusos após a promulgação do Código Civil de 2002. Criado pela Medida Provisória nº 759/2016 foi transformada pelo Congresso Nacional na Lei nº 13.465/2017. A laje nasce da urbanização precária ocorrida no Brasil, e a criação deste novo direito real vem como forma de adequação do direito à realidade urbana brasileira. A nova modalidade prevê uma série de regras ao direito de preferência na ocorrência de alienação da laje após a sua constituição, incidindo sobre a legislação civil e processual civil, sem prejuízo das regras de preferências já previstas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. É criado também uma ordem de preferência, onde algumas figuras do sistema jurídico da laje terão prioridade sobre outras. A preferência vem como forma de evitar conflitos entre o titular da laje e os demais moradores da construção, já que, historicamente, a laje é construída, na maioria das vezes, em um contexto familiar.
Influence of corrugations of rails on locomotive wheel-motor assembly
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Buynosov Alexander Petrovich , Yudt Evgeniy Sergeevich ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: April 2021

The paper discusses wheel rolling on a rail with corrugations. The authors have determined the main indicators of corrugations of rails such as form of the rail head and angle of its inclination, longitudinal and vertical coordinates of wheel centre and contact force. As a result, the authors have revealed the consequences of locomotive movement on rails with corrugations.
Checking the quality of engagement of the traction gear of an electric locomotive 2ES6
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Buinosov A. P. , Sharapov A. T. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Chebakov S. A. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: April 2021

A significant number of failures, violation of smooth running, as well as exceeding the noise ranges raise the problem of the quality of engagement of the traction gear of the 2ES6 electric locomotive. The article presents an analysis of statistical data collected on planned and unplanned repairs of 2ES6 series electric locomotives operated on the Sverdlovsk railway. The positive dynamics of the growth of traction drive failures confirms the urgency of the problem. One of the main reasons for the loss of performance of the traction drive is the failure of the traction gear elements. The gearing quality is checked according to geometric parameters, which confirms an error in the design of the traction gear of the 2ES6 electric locomotive as an element of the traction drive. The recommended value of the overlap coefficient was exceeded, which leads to a violation of smoothness of the ride, exceeding the noise ranges, rapid wear and early failures. A method is proposed to reduce the number of failures in 2ES6 electric locomotives by increasing the displacement coefficients, at the initial stage, in order to reduce the quality of the gear ratio - the overlap coefficient.
Application of the Lotka–Volterra model in solving problems of optimizing the provision of grain elevators with wagons
Authors:   Tashkent State Transport University (ТSTU), Aripov Nazirjhon M. , Ilesaliev Daurenbek I. ,   Tashkent State Transport University (ТSTU)
Published: April 2021

One of the main tasks of the transport process is to ensure a uniform supply of wagons for loading and unloading cargo. Existing methods of solving the issues of ensuring the rhythmicity of the supply of wagons for loading grain often do not allow us to identify the reasons for the technological deficit of wagons. In this regard, within the framework of this work, the aim of the study is to increase the efficiency of the organization of providing grain elevators with wagons using the Lotka – Volterra model.
Gondola car designs 1937–1941 and their modernization
Authors:   Ural car building design bureau (UCBDB), Zavadich Alexey V. , Smolyaninov Alexander V. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: April 2021

The authors of the article continue to publish materials on the development and design of gondola structures at the Ural car building plant. The article is devoted to the development of a gondola car by the Ural design Bureau in 1937 and its subsequent modernization. The design elements of the gondola car that differ from the previous model are considered: size, trolley, automatic coupling and brakes, manhole cover, parameters of the gondola car, etc. The results of the work of the Interdepartmental Commission are presented. A new design is considered: coupling buffer beam and the connection of the beams with the lower belt, the constituent elements of the cross section of a center girder and corner posts, etc.
Identidade étnica italiana e agroturismo em Venda Nova do Imigrante, Espírito Santo
Authors: Nogueira Verena Sevá
Published: April 2021

A partir de um estudo de caso desenvolvido no município de Venda Nova do Imigrante, no estado do Espírito Santo, observa-se que a prática do agroturismo tem relação com a identidade étnica de seus habitantes. Através de uma etnografia da Festa da Polenta – uma das demonstrações da identidade étnica italiana – pretende-se discutir a relação entre as práticas do agroturismo e a construção da identidade étnica italiana. O agroturismo desenvolvido no município não se apresenta somente como um turismo relativo ao campo ou ao homem do campo e às suas práticas, mas como um turismo referido a práticas identificadas como “típicas italianas”. Por outro lado, demonstra-se que no processo de re-invenção da identidade étnica italiana dos vendanovenses, o papel do agroturismo desponta como central, selecionando, destacando ou mesmo inventando sinais diacríticos do grupo.
EARLY DETECTION AND SELF MONITORING OF COVID-19 STATUS THROUGH ELECTRONIC BASED SURVEILLANCE IN KENJERAN SUB-DISTRICT, BULAK DISTRICT, SURABAYA
Authors: Hargono Arief , Martini Santi , Artanti Kurnia Dwi , Silvia Erren
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia shows that confirmed Covid-19 cases in Indonesia as of November 29, 2020, have reached 534,266 cases with 16,815 deaths. This figure is an increase compared to the previous report. The implementation of surveillance needs to be supported by information technology to speed up the process of recording, reporting, and analyzing data. The socialization of Covid-19 surveillance among residents of Kenjeran sub-district, Bulak district, Surabaya city has a significant impact on increasing participants' knowledge about Covid-19 surveillance.Methods: The method used in this activity was the socialization and training of the Covid-19 surveillance application for the community. The assessment was carried out to determine the acceptance of the Covid-19 surveillance application information technology through in-depth interviews with a number of training participants via telephone a few days after the training. The assessment is carried out by asking 10 questions consisting of conditions that facilitate, application function, ease of use of the application, and desire to use the application.Results: The results of testing the application of the Covid-19 surveillance application in the community showed that this application was able to perform its function as data input and produce information about the status of Covid-19 and its recommendations quickly.Conclusion: The results of testing the application of the Covid-19 surveillance application in the community indicate that this application is able to perform its function as data input and produce information about the status of Covid-19 and its recommendations quickly. There were obstacles when registering participants, but participants had the desire to continue to use the Covid-19 surveillance application because it was very helpful in determining the status of Covid-19 quickly and accurately.
Manifestations of change
Authors: Stewart Michelle
Published: April 2021

Not available
Rural Electrification of Somalia Using WT-PV-DG-Battery Hybrid System
Authors: Kumar Swathi , Blanchard Richard
Published: April 2021

Around 14% of the global population does not have access to electricity. About 95% of those are living in rural Sub-Saharan Africa. Often in these regions, diesel generators are the only source of electricity. The operating cost of these diesel generators is high. However, solar and wind energy are available in most of African countries. This study presents the analysis of designing an off-grid hybrid system with a wind turbine, PV, diesel generator, and battery to power a hospital, school, and 200 household village in four locations across Somalia. The research investigated the availability of wind-solar resources in selected locations. Designing of the system and economic-technical calculations were performed using HOMER. The selection of the optimum design was based on the Cost of Electricity and Net Present Cost. The results show that for Kabaal and Ceel Buur, a WT-PV-DG-Battery is the optimal system as the wind resource in these regions is high. For Saakov and Baki, a PV-DG-Battery system proves to be optimum as the wind resource is limited here. The study also evaluated the control strategy and proved that combined dispatch was the most cost-effective for these locations. The study concluded that hybrid systems are more economical than diesel systems.
Calculating Cost Distributions of a Multiservice Loss System
Authors: Jormakka Jorma , Ghosh Sourangshu
Published: April 2021

Congestion pricing has received lots of attention in the scientific discussion. Congestion pricing means that the operator increases prices at the time of congestion and the traffic demand is expected to decrease. In a certain sense, shadow prices are an optimal way of congestion pricing: users are charged shadow prices, i.e., the expectations of future losses because of blocked connections. The shadow prices can be calculated exactly from Howard’s equation, but this method is difficult. The paper presents simple approximations to the solution of Howard’s equation and a way to derive more exact approximations. If users do not react by lowering their demand, they will receive higher bills to pay. Many users do not react to increased prices but would want to know how the congestion pricing mechanism affects the bills. The distribution of the price of a connection follows from knowing the shadow prices and the probability of a congestion state. There is another interesting distribution. The network produces profit to the operator, or equivalently, blocked connections produce a cost to the operator. The average cost rate can be calculated from Howard’s equation, but the costs have some distribution. The distribution gives the risk that the actual costs exceed the average costs, and the operator should include this risk to the prices. The main result of this paper shows how to calculate the distribution of the costs in the future for congestion pricing by shadow prices and for congestion pricing with a more simple pricing scheme that produces the same average costs.
Improvement of Stripmap SAR Autofocus Based on Minimum-Entropy Criterion
Authors: Li Tao , Fu Yaowen , Zhang Jianfeng , Zhang Wenpeng , Yang Wei
Published: April 2021

Autofocus is an essential part of the SAR imaging process. Multi-subaperture autofocus algorithm is a commonly used autofocus algorithm for processing SAR stripmap mode data. The multi-subaperture autofocus algorithm has two main steps, the first is to estimate the phase error gradient within the subaperture, the second is to splice the phase error gradient, that is, to remove the shift amount between the estimated adjacent subapertures’ error gradients. Previous gradient-splicing algorithms assume that the estimation of subaperture error is accurate, but when the estimation of subaperture phase error gradients is not accurate enough, these algorithm performance will be degraded. A new phase error gradient splicing algorithm is proposed in this paper. It roughly estimates the shift amount first, and then finely estimates the shift amount based on the minimum-entropy criterion, which can improve the robustness of splicing especially when the estimation of the phase error gradients of the subaperture is not accurate enough. To speed up the algorithm, a variable-step-size search method is used. Simulation and experimental results show that the algorithm has enough accuracy and still has good performance when other splicing algorithms doesn’t perform well.
Measuring Software Quality Product Based on Fuzzy Inference System Techniques in ISO Standard
Authors: Barzegar Atrin
Published: April 2021

The success of a software product depends on several factors. Given that different organizations and institutions use software products, the need to have a quality and desirable software according to the goals and needs of the organization makes measuring the quality of software products an important issue for most organizations and institutions. To be sure of having the right software. It is necessary to use a standard quality model to examine the features and sub-features for a detailed and principled study in the quality discussion. In this study, the quality of Word software was measured. Considering the importance of software quality and to have a good and usable software in terms of quality and measuring the quality of software during the study, experts and skilled in this field were used and the impact of each factor and quality characteristics. It was applied at different levels according to their opinion to make the result of measuring the quality of Word software more accurate and closer to reality. In this research, the quality of the software product is measured based on the fuzzy inference system in ISO standard. According to the results obtained in this study, it is understood that quality is a continuous and hierarchical concept and the quality of each part of the software at any stage of production can lead to high quality products.
Enhanced Anticancer Activity of Nanoformulation of Dasatinib against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Reduced Metabolic Degradation
Authors: Bahman Fatemah , Pittalà Valeria , Haider Mohamed , Greish Khaled
Published: April 2021

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer accounting for around 15% of identified breast cancer cases. TNBC, by lacking estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), is unresponsive to current targeted therapies. Existing treatment relies on chemotherapeutic treatment but, despite an initial response to chemotherapy, the inception of resistance and relapse is unfortunately common. Dasatinib is an approved second-generation inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases and literature data strongly support its use in the management of TNBC. However, dasatinib binds to plasma proteins and undergoes extensive metabolism through oxidation and conjugation. To protect dasatinib from fast pharmacokinetic degradation and to prolong its activity, it was encapsulated on poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) (SMA) micelles. The obtained SMA-dasatinib nanoparticles (NPs) were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, in vitro antiproliferative activity in different TNBC cell lines, and in vivo anticancer activity in a syngeneic model of breast cancer. Obtained results showed that SMA-dasatinib is more potent against 4T1 TNBC tumor growth in vivo compared to free drug. This enhanced effect was ascribed to the encapsulation of the drug protecting it from a rapid metabolism. Our finding highlights the often-overlooked value of nanoformulations in protecting its cargo from degradation. Overall, results may provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for TNBC management.
A Systematic Review of the Protective and Risk Factors Influencing the Mental Health of Forced Migrants: Implications for Sustainable Intercultural Mental Health Practice
Authors: Farahani Hadi , Joubert Natalie , Anand Janet Carter , Toikko Timo , Tavakol Mohammad
Published: April 2021

This systematic review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement to synthesizes the existing literature with a goal to review current conceptual frameworks of mental health of forced migrants for further practice research priorities in social work. The search was done between January 2015 to January 2021. As a result, 29 studies met inclusion criteria. Medicalizing mental health issues by relying solely on the effectiveness of medicine was a controversial risk factor that negatively affected the daily life activities of refugees and reduced their willingness for seeking professional mental health services. Empowering vulnerable minorities by giving them back their power and agency to be able to speak for themselves and raise voices of trauma and recovery was the missing protective factor for sustainable mental health practice. The benefits of group-based interventions are highlighted in which communities and individuals address mental health issues as well as isolation through building collective identities and support networks. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) can add more strength to any kind of mental health intervention. Finally, the benefits of applying ecological perspective for the mental health of refugees, and its implications for a sustainable intercultural practice are discussed. Social workers in this model are the representatives of at-risk groups, thus need more agency and creativity in reflecting client’s concrete needs.
Volatility and Market Integration of Spot-Forward Corn Price in Indonesia
Authors: Helbawanti Octaviana , - Masyhuri
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the volatility and market integration between the price of corn in the Indonesian spot market and futures market in the international market. The data used in this research is secondary data consisting of Indonesian corn spot price and corn forward price referring commodity exchange, Chicago. Data in the form of monthly time series in 2007 until 2016. ARCH / GARCH method is used to measure the volatility at spot and forward price, whereas the market integration of spot and forward corn is used Johansen Cointegration and Engel-Granger Causality method. The results show that spot and forward prices of corn occur high volatility. The best ARCH/GARCH model for spot price is GARCH (2,0) with the volatility value of 0,91 and for forward price is GARCH (2,0) with the volatility value of 1.12. It means that volatility of spot and forward influenced by the increase and fluctuations of spot and forward price two previous periods. Between the spot and forward market, there is market integration and a one-way causal relationship. The market integration indicates there is long-run relationship, while one way indicates the spot price effect on the forward price, not vice versa.
ESTIMATIVA DE IDADE DENTAL EM CORPOS NÃO IDENTIFICADOS: APLICAÇÃO E DESAFIOS DA ROTINA ODONTOLEGAL
Authors: Corrêa Nágila Maria de Oliveira , Maia Luiza Valéria de Abreu , De Freitas Sílvia Guzella , De Moura Rosa Núbia Vieira
Published: April 2021

O objetivo foi analisar a efetividade dos critérios empregados pela Odontologia Legal, comparando idade estimada (IE) com idade cronológica (IC) dos indivíduos desconhecidos que deram entrada no Instituto Médico Legal Dr. André Roquette em 2017. A amostra final de dados secundários foi de 167 desconhecidos, originados no Sistema de Informatização e Gerenciamento dos Atos de Polícia Judiciária-PCNet. Categorizou-se o uso do critério odontológico (Sim/Não), compreendido por: Dentes Presentes, Desgaste Dentário, Presença de Rebordos Remanescentes, Mineralização das Raízes Dentárias e Estrutura Óssea dos Maxilares, como “Sim” e Elementos Morfológicos do Corpo e Face, Tecidos Anexos como “Não”. Os componentes da amostra foram divididos em Grupos 1, 2 e 3, de acordo com o estrato etário. Como resultado, viu-se que a maioria dos desconhecidos era do sexo masculino (91,7%). A prevalência de uso do critério odontológico foi de 100%.  Concluiu-se que o uso dos critérios odontológicos é relevante estratégia pericial na estimativa de idade. Contudo, se faz premente a calibração da equipe e padronização de critérios, visando garantir a efetividade e o rigor científico, tanto no IMLAR/BH, como em outros Institutos Médico-legais do país.
Neural network method of the decision Of the nonlinear problem of optimum distribution of the non-uniform resource
Authors: Zhuk A. A. , Buloichyk V. M.
Published: April 2021

Given article is devoted features of the decision of a problem of integer nonlinear programming, by means of developed neural network method and algorithm of nonlinear optimization of means «decision Search» tabular processor Microsoft Excel. In offered neural network method the task in view decision is made by means of a recurrent neural network (RNN) matrix architecture with m neurons in each line and n neurons in each column. All neurons such network are connected with each other by communications, and the signal from an exit neuron can move on its input. Neural network method is characterized by that on inputs mentioned RNN the entrance vector of values of parameters of optimized nonlinear criterion function of a problem of distribution of a non-uniform resource moves, calculation of values of weight factors connected among themselves neurons is carried out and signal RNN is formed. This signal by means of nonlinear function will be transformed to the discrete target signal characterizing values quasi-optimal of the decision of the mentioned problem which size changes from 0 to 1. The estimation of efficiency of the decision of a considered problem was carried out at its various values of an indicator of efficiency on the basis of developed imitating model RNN. As indicators of efficiency of application offered neural network method were used – an average relative error and time of the decision of a problem. The value received by means of algorithm of nonlinear optimization of means was accepted to the exact decision «decision Search» tabular processor Microsoft Excel. The analysis of the received results of the experimental researches, offered neural network method, has allowed to make the conclusion that in comparison with an existing method of nonlinear optimization of tabular processor Microsoft Excel use offered neural network method allows essentially (in 9,4 times) to lower time of the decision of a problem dimension 10 × 8 (m ×n) and thus to provide accuracy of its decision not less than 99,8 %.
WITHDRAWN: An Efficient Technique-Based Distributed Energy Management for Hybrid MG System: A Hybrid SBLA-CGO Technique
Authors: Logeswaran T , Shajin Francis H , Rajesh Paulthurai
Published: April 2021

This manuscript presents an optimal energy management on microgrid (MG) connected to the grid that chooses the energy scheduling based on the proposed method. The present method is the joint implementation of the Side-Blotched Lizard Algorithm (SBLA) and the Chaos Game Optimization Algorithm (CGO) and hence it is named as SBLA-CGO method. Here, the MG system contains a photovoltaic system (PV), wind turbine (WT), battery storage (BS) and fuel cell (FC). Constantly, the necessary load demand of MG system connected to the grid is measured with SBLA method. The CGO increases the perfect match of MG with the expected load requirement. Moreover, renewable energy forecasting errors are evaluated twice by MG energy management for minimizing the control. Through the operation of MG schedule of several RES to decrease the electricity cost using the first method. Balancing the energy flow and minimize the effects of prediction errors according to the rule presented as planned power reference is second method. The main aim of the present method is evaluated with connection of fuel cost, the variation of energy per hour of the electrical grid, the cost of operation and maintenance of MG system connected to the network. According to RES, the energy demand and SOC of the storage elements are the conditions. Renewable energy system units use batteries as energy sources to allow them to operate continuously on stable and sustainable power generation. The analysis of the present method is analyzed by comparing with the other systems. The results of the comparison assess the strength of the present system and confirm their potential for solving the issues.
Centennial Records of PAHs and Black Carbon in Altay Mountain Peatlands, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Luo Nana , Bao Kunshan , Wen Bolong , Yu Rui , Tuoliuhan Yelebolat , Liu Xingtu
Published: April 2021

Black carbon (BC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are often used to indicate anthropogenic impacts on natural environmental changes during the past century. In this study, a 30 cm peat core was collected from the Jiadengyu (JDY) peatland in Altay Mountain and dated by the 137Cs and 210Pb methods. The total organic carbon, BC and PAHs contents in JDY peat core were 17.09-47.16%, 1.14-67.14 mg g-1 and 260.58-950.98 ng·g-1, respectively. The δ13CBC ranged from -31.5‰ to -27.43‰, with an average of -30.52‰. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the BC particles in the peat were lumpy or irregular in shape and retained the structure of plant fiber. The PAHs ratios, δ13CBC and the SEM result indicated the dominant biomass combustion source of BC in the peatland. The BC content increased from 1950 to 1980 and decreased after 1980. The change of BC and δ13CBC is different from the national BC emission pattern, probably reflecting the impact of local agricultural exploration and thus crop burning increase.
How does benefit finding evolve over time among Chinese women breast cancer survivals: a longitudinal study
Authors: Bi Weiyun , Wang Huaning , Yang Guitao , Zhu Cailin
Published: April 2021

Objective: Even though the prevalence of benefit finding (BF) has been empirically shown to exist among breast cancer (BC) survivals, how does benefit finding evolve over time remains inadequately investigated. This objective of this study is to examine how BF evolves over time among Chinese breast cancer survivals and determine the demographic, medical and psychosocial factors that can sustain BF increase over time, thus bring about higher level of long-term post-traumatic growth among breast cancer survivals. Methods: Participants were 486 women with different stages of breast cancer (stages I, II and III) followed from completion of primary treatment. Analysis were performed on the data collected at the 3-year assessment during 2014-2019. Participants completed self-report questionnaires of characteristics and benefit finding at six time points with the interval of six months since BC diagnosis. The relationships between demographic, medical and psychosocial characteristics and benefit finding evolution over time were examined using mixed models. Results: Participants reported mixed results on the evolving patterns of benefit finding: 28% reported an upward trend in BF scoring over time, 49% instead reported an downward trend, and the remaining 23% reported no obvious change. Our study has shown that some well-known covariates of benefit finding, e.g. education, income, and social support, are not associated with BF trends. In comparison, levels of spirituality and disease coping at diagnosis can more reliably predict BF evolution over time. Our results strongly indicate that benefit finding can be sustained and increased by encouraging attempts at meaning-making and active disease coping during breast cancer treatment. To our knowledge, this study is among the first to examine trends of benefit finding evolution over time on breast cancer survivals and determine their psychosocial predictors in developing countries. Conclusion: Identifying the sustaining factors of benefit finding in the experience of breast cancer is the key to design psycho clinical solutions for patients’ long-term post-traumatic growth. As time goes by, cancer patients may experience less benefit finding. However, active disease coping and meaning-making by patients can effectively counter this undesired trend and boost their higher long-term post-traumatic growth.
Power Generation at Room Temperature
Authors: Kohata Haruki , Obinata Mitsugu , Ikeda Takumi , Sekiya Hayato , Mei Biao , Wang Ye , Mizukoshi Kazushi , Isobe Toshihiro , Nakajima Akira , Matsushita Sachiko
Published: April 2021

The effective utilisation of thermal energy is crucial to a world aiming at sustainable development goals. The sensitised thermal cell (STC) is a new thermal energy conversion technology, which was reported in 2017, for generating electricity via the redox reactions of electrolyte ions with thermally excited carriers in semiconductors. STC is attracting attention as a technology that could affect oil prices globally. Here, we report the successful construction of STC, which discharges and recovers well at room temperature, by studying the interelectrode and ion diffusion distances. The fabricated STC is thinner than 0.5 mm and can be rendered flexible. Further, STCs, which possess a power generation capacity of 0.1 microA, 100 mV per 1 mm2 area, and shall be installed “in” internet-of-things (IoT) devices, drainage pipes, and walls in the future.
Colchicine-Containing Nanoparticles Attenuates Acute Myocardial Infarction Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation
Authors: Wang Li , Peng Yun-fan , Song Li-jun , Xia Da-sheng , Li Chao , Li Zhu-qing , Li Qi , Yu Ao , Lu Cheng-zhi , Wang Yongjian
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Anti-inflammatory therapy is important for reducing myocardial injury after acute myocardial infarction (MI). New anti-inflammatory drugs and their mechanism are necessary to be explored to improve the clinical efficacy. We aimed to improve the efficacy of colchicine on attenuating MI injury by nano-drug delivery systems, and to investigate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory.
Methods

Colchicine-containing delivery system based on calcium carbonate nanoparticles (ColCaNPs) was synthesized. The protection against MI by ColCaNPs was evaluated using an in vivo rat model established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Macrophage polarization and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined using immunohistochemistry, western blot and ELISA analysis.
Results

ColCaNPs treatment showed about a 45% reduction in myocardial infarct size and attenuating myocardial fibrosis compared with groups without drug intervention after MI. Furthmore, ColCaNPs significantly decreased the levels of CRP, TNF-α and IL-1β in serum and the expression of proinflammatory cytokine in myocardial tissues after MI (p < 0.05). We also found that ColCaNPs notably restrained pyroptosis, and inhibited inflammatory response by modulating on M1/M2 macrophage polarization and suppressing TLR4/NFκB/NLRP3 signal pathway.
Conculsion

Colchicine-containing nanoparticles can protect against MI injury in a clinically relevant rat model by reducing inflammation. In addition, calcium carbonate nanoparticles can increase the cardioprotective effects of colchicine.
PD-1/PD-L1-negative tracheal mucoepidermoid carcinoma: A case report and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Liu Ying Ying , Guo Jian , Chen Ji , Li Hai Xia , Wang Zeng Tao , Liu Jie , Gong Yi
Published: April 2021

Background: Tracheal mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare form of non-small cell lung carcinoma and is defined as a tumor characterized by a combination of squamous, mucus-secreting, and intermediate cell types. This carcinoma is usually located in the lobar or segmental bronchus. Currently, surgery is the preferred treatment for this disease, which includes pneumonectomy, lobectomy, and sleeve lobectomy. Case presentation: A 50-year-old Chinese male presented with cough, shortness of breath and hemoptysis, and the effect of antibiotic therapy was not good. Subsequently, the airway occupied lesion was found by chest CT, and he was transferred to our hospital for surgical resection. Histologically, the tumor contained squamous epidermal cells, mucoepidermoid cells and intermediate cells. Immunohistochemistrically, the tumor cells were positive for p63, CK5/6, CK7 and Ki67. However, the tumor is generally negative for TTF-1 and neuroendocrine markers. The patient had no recurrence 15 months after the surgery.Conclusions: We report a rare case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the distal trachea in which the surgery was difficult and could not be performed like a traditional pulmonary resection. We first provide a comprehensive description of airway management and anesthesia intubation. After surgery, we reviewed the literature and found that PD-1/PD-L1 detection had never been reported in tracheal mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Therefore, we studied the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in this patient, and the results were negative, which may indicate that potential adjuvant therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is not useful in this case.
All-oxide-based high-mobility planar PN junctions and tunnelling field effect transistor
Authors: Anh Le Duc , Wijaya Theodorus , Kaneta Shingo , Seki Munetoshi , Tabata Hitoshi , Tanaka Masaaki , Ohya Shinobu
Published: April 2021

Electronics based on perovskite oxides, a class of materials with unparalleled wealth of physical functionalities, possesses high potential to go beyond the present semiconductor-based technologies. Towards universal and scalable oxide-based electronics, an important milestone is to realise both N- and P-type conduction regions – the two fundamental blocks of most of electronic devices – on the same oxide substrate surface. However, in contrast to the case of conventional semiconductors, the formation of planar PN junctions is highly challenging in oxide materials owing to difficulties in carrier doping. Here, we show that high-mobility PN junctions can be formed on a surface of SrTiO3 (STO), one of the most versatile oxide materials, in a robust and low-cost manner by simply depositing Angstrom-thin metal layers on top of an STO substrate near room temperature. Furthermore, by forming planar N-P-N junctions, we successfully demonstrate a new type of oxide-based tunnelling field effect transistor (TFET), which enables an extremely sharp switching with a subthreshold swing value S ~ 38 mV/dec and a large current ON/OFF ratio of 108. This high-performance FET operation is obtained by a new mechanism where a gate voltage strongly modulates the tunnelling probability through the depletion layers at the PN interfaces, utilising the unique strong nonlinear electric-field dependence of the permittivity of STO. Our simple method for selectively forming P and N-type regions monolithically on STO is potentially applicable to a wide range of oxide-based electronic systems, from single devices to integrated circuits, and even to flexible electronics.
Performance Enhancement of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Module Using a Novel Flat Plate (NFP) Glass Cover by Reducing the Effect of Bird Dropping (BD) Settlement
Authors: Sisodia Anil kumar , Mathur Ram kumar
Published: April 2021

A massive BDs deposition on the common rectangular flat plate (RFP) of photovoltaic (PV) module is a matter of great concern in Western Rajasthan (WR) that diminish the overall energy production capacity of the system remarkably. In this research article, a prototype NFP design of a front glass cover of PV module is proposed to prevent the impact of BD settlement by the restriction of bird’s sitting/movement on the front glass cover. In this regard, the performance analysis of PV module with common RFP and newly designed NFP glass covers has been assessed at the different inclination β° (0- 90). The BD accumulation onto the both glass cover explored by the optical transmittance profiles at the different tilt angles, i.e., explained by bird movement on each flat glass surfaces. Consequently, a significant amount of output electric energy has been gained in NFP design rather than RFP corresponding to particular tilt regions TR I (0° ≤ β ≤ 25°), TR II (25° ≤ β ≤ 60°), and TR III (60° ≤ β ≤ 90°). According to the results achieved, an excellent level of improvement in average power loss, ~ 97.85%, corresponding to optimal TR(III) has been detected by employing NFP glass collector.
Identification of mRNA and Long Non-Coding RNA Expression Profiles in Developing Yorkshire Pig Spleens
Authors: Li Xinjian , Han Xuelei , Sun Caixia , Li Gaiying , Wang Kejun , Li Xiuling , Qiao Ruimin
Published: April 2021

Background: Epidemic diseases cause great economic loss in pig farms each year, some of which are characterized mainly in spleen. Yorkshire pig is the most popular used first dam in the commercial pork production system. But the mRNA and lncRNA expression networks in developing Yorkshire pig spleens remain obscure. Results: Here, we profiled the systematic characters of mRNA and lncRNA repertoires in three groups of spleens from nine Yorkshire pigs, each three aged at 7 days, 90 days and 180 days. By using a precise mRNA and lncRNA identification pipeline, we identified 19,647 genes and 219 known and 3,219 putative lncRNA transcripts, 1,729 genes and 64 lncRNAs therein were found to express differentially in three groups. Gene expression characteristics of genes and lncRNAs were found to be basically fixed before 90 days after birth. Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes and potential target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs both displayed crucial roles of up-regulation in immune activation and hematopoiesis and down-regulation in cell replication and division in 90 and 180 days compared to 7 days. The unregulated terms and their significance levels in 90 and 180 days both showed an extremely high degree of consistency. ENSSSCT00000001325 was the only lncRNA transcript that existed in three groups. CDK1, PCNA and PLK were detected to be hub genes that varied with age. BNIP3L, IL5, CD38 and TGFβ1 were found to be common top regulators from 7 to 90 and 180 days while ERAP1, NLRC5 and IL2RG were top regulators from 90 to 180 days.Conclusions: This study provided the first mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles in Yorkshire spleens at three developmental stages. We established gene expression modules and networks in the spleen of pigs from immune system initiation to adulthood. Our results are helpful for the study of transcriptome and functional genomics of spleen tissue in farm animals.
3-D Generated Anatomic Custom Talar Cement Spacers: Case Reports, Technical Tips and Literature Review
Authors: Broughton Kimberly K , Chien Bonnie , Stenquist Derek , Williams Caroline , Miller Christopher , Kwon John Y.
Published: April 2021

Background: With today’s expanding use of total ankle arthroplasty, the ever-present trauma patient, and patients with uncontrolled comorbid conditions, surgeons face significant challenges for lower extremity reconstruction. These patients highlight some of those who may present with unique anatomy, bone loss, infection, and various other local and systemic factors that affect treatment options for successful outcomes. Three dimensional (3-D) printing for medical devices is allowing for new and customized ways to meet patient and surgeon goals of limb salvage and reconstruction. Case Presentations: While the majority of 3-D printing is done for the purpose of implantation, we present a technical tip for designing a 3-D printed mold from which to create an antibiotic cement spacer for implantation. With two case illustrations including a talus fracture nonunion and infected subtalar arthrodesis nonunion, we describe the process of patient selection, implant design, fabrication, and implantation of a custom molded antibiotic cement talus. Discussion: Case illustrations present two successful limb salvage patients while giving a thorough explanation of our technique, learned tips and tricks. This applied technology builds on prior use of antibiotic cement in limb salvage of the lower extremity, most of which are joint sacrificing. 3-D printing the mold for an anatomic talus cement spacer results in a joint sparing limb salvage solution.Innovative 3-D printing technology is merged with current, pertinent literature regarding antibiotic cement to offer surgeons expanded options for temporary or definitive reconstructive techniques in some of the most challenging patients.
Could the Storage Time Post-collection Affect the Post-thaw Motility and Fertilizing Ability of Mediterranean Brown Trout Semen?
Authors: Rusco Giusy , Iorio Michele Di , Iampietro Roberta , Roncarati Alessandra , Esposito Stefano , Iaffaldano Nicolaia
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cool storage time intervals between collection and semen freezing on both fresh and cryopreserved semen motility parameters and the post-thaw fertilizing ability of Mediterranean brown trout semen. The ejaculates were split into six aliquots and stored on ice for 1 to 6 hours, until freezing. Fresh and post-thawing sperm motility were evaluated by Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis system, whilst the fertilizing ability was assessed by in vivo trials. In fresh semen, at 3 h of storage, a significant decrease of total motility, linear movement (STR, LIN) and beat cross frequency was recorded, whilst the amplitude of lateral displacement of the spermatozoon head underwent a significant increase. Velocity parameters (VCL, VAP and VSL) were not affected by the cold storage time, whilst the duration of sperm movement was significantly higher at 1h compared to the other times tested. Freezing procedure overall decreased almost all post-thaw sperm motility parameters, however no significant differences was observed over time, both in term of fast and linear movement. Cool storage time did not significantly affect the percentage of post-thaw eyed embryos. Our results showed that Mediterranean brown trout semen can be stored on ice even up to 6 hours before freezing, without decreasing its post-thawing quality and fertilizing ability.