bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The prospects for the use of proteinase from Bacillus pumilus for processing raw meat
Authors: Karimov A Z , Ponomarev Y Y , Yunusov E Sh , Khrundin D V , Egkova G O
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the work was to assess the prospects of using the microbial proteinase from Bacillus pumilus for processing meat raw materials with a high content of connective tissue fibers. This proteinase has broad substrate specificity and is capable of deep hydrolysis of proteins. The effect of protease from Bacillus pumilus on meat raw materials was studied with the prospect of using in the production technology. Proteinase is very effective at the structural elements of meat raw materials, in particular water-soluble and salt-soluble protein complexes, as confirmed by spectrophotometric studies. Enzymatic treatment with proteinase from B. pumilus destructively affects cellular structures, leads to swelling and loosening of collagen fibers. The accumulation of free amino acids was recorded during processing, the degree of hydrolysis was estimated, which amounted to an average of 15-20% depending on the type of protein fraction. The positive effect of the use of proteinase to improve the functional and technological properties of raw meat was established, which resulted in an increase in its water-binding and water-holding capacity, as well as the yield of finished products after heat treatment. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that proteinase from B. Pumilus is promising for the processing of meat raw materials with reduced functional and technological properties, which is unsuitable for the production of meat products without additional processing.
Extraction of grains from ears of grain crops by grinding when opposite moving the conveyor and deck
Authors: Nikolaev V A , Voinash S A , Maksimovich K Y , Galimov R R , Sokolova V A , Dolmatov S N
Published: September 2020

When combine harvesters work, about half of the engine power is spent on extracting grain from ears of grain crops. The high energy costs for extracting grain from ears are due to the need to drag straw through a threshing device, the small displacement between the drum or rotor and deck, as well as to extract grain from ears of grain crops mainly by impact. Upon impact, grain damage also occurs. Therefore, the task was to develop a combine harvester that extracts grains from the ears of grain crops by grinding. For modeling, the assumption was made that the spike fell on the deck, after which it was clamped between the working branch of the conveyor and the deck strictly perpendicular to the direction of movement of the conveyor branch. The conveyor belt moves uniformly, and the deck oscillates. The movement of the conveyor and deck from the initial position is considered in the opposite direction. To efficiently removesingle grains from the ears, when the conveyor belt and deck are moved in opposite directions, it must rotate 360°. As a result of the simulation, the kinematic parameters of the process were detected during the opposite movement of the conveyor and deck. The following are determined: the speed of the belt of the upper conveyor, the angular speed of the drive shaft of the upper conveyor, the period of oscillation of the deck, the movement and the angle of rotation of the ear located between the working branch of the conveyor and the deck, when they are counter-moving. The simulation will then allow us to consider the movement of the ear during the movement of the conveyor and deck from the starting position and, based on the calculations, to identify the structural and kinematic parameters of the conveyor and deck.
Features of accumulation of trace elements in the soil-honey plants system in the Tyumen region
Authors: Pashayan S A , Sindireva A V , Boev V A
Published: September 2020

The life activity of living organisms depends largely on the ecological state of their habitat. Based on the environmental monitoring of apiaries in the Tyumen region, the content of chemical elements in the soil and honey plants was studied. Based on the results of assessing the content of trace elements in the soil and plants, the soil contamination coefficient (CO) and the biological absorption coefficient (BAC) of plants were calculated. Studies have shown that the level of chemical elements in the soils and plants of apiaries in certain areas differs significantly. The reason for this is the natural and geographical conditions of these areas, as well as the proximity of anthropogenic sources of pollution. In spring, the content of the studied elements in the soil and in honey plants is higher than in summer. This is due to the fact that the soil receives pollutants that have accumulated in the snow cover during the winter due to atmospheric transport. The analysis of the obtained results showed that apiaries of Tyumen, Yarkovsky and Nizhnetavdinsky administrative districts of the Tyumen region are experiencing the greatest technogenic load. The apiaries of Berdyuzhsky and Sladkovsky districts can be considered environmentally safe. The flowers of coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L), dandelion, woundwort (Stachus gen.) and willow herb (Epilobium avgustifolium) have a low BAC of the studied elements from honeybees.
Methods of sample preparation for experimental registration of the size of soot particles in ICE
Authors: Likhanov V A , Rossokhin A V
Published: September 2020

When analyzing the content of harmful substances in diesel exhaust gases, in particular soot particles, it is necessary to determine the sampling methodology. In addition, this is a determining parameter in the further study of the obtained samples using microscopes. In this paper, we consider options for sampling exhaust gases and methods for preparing the obtained samples for further research. The results of these studies are presented.
Charcteristics of heat release in the disel engine running on biofuel
Authors: Fominykh A V , Kopchikov V N
Published: September 2020

Research aimed at finding new alternative fuels is becoming more and more urgent with each day, due to depletion of the world’s oil deposits and pollution of the atmosphere with toxic emissions of exhaust gases produced by the internal combustion engine. The article below describes the results of using alternative renewable fuels, such as methyl alcohol and methyl ether of rapeseed oil and their effects on the process of heat generation in diesel engine under various load conditions. The object of research is a 2F 10.5/12.0 engine with a dual fuel supply system installed on it. The obtained results showed that the optimal fixer advance angle of fuel injection is equal to 34° to the top dead centre for both types of fuel. The use of alternative fuels does not significantly affect the operational process. At the same time, it was noted that emissions of toxic agents, such as nitrogen oxides and soot, have significantly decreased.
Application of the phytotesting method to assess the environmental impact of the waste of Lovozersky GOK LLC
Authors: Krasavtseva E A , Maksimova V V
Published: September 2020

For a comprehensive assessment of the negative impact of mining waste on environmental objects, the biotesting method was used; phytotesting is a special case of it. The test objects were the tailings of loparite ores, soil and lake water samples in the zone of influence of Lovozero Mining and Processing Plant LLC, located in the Murmansk region. Test cultures - seed oats Avena sativa L., soft wheat Triticum aestivum L., watercress Lepidium sativum. Assessment of the impact of enterprise waste is given on the basis of the joint application of several test cultures and phytotesting methods. A decrease in test functions for a number of objects was found, but no toxic effect was detected. The V hazard class of the tailings of the enrichment of loparite ores stored by the enterprise has been experimentally confirmed, the low probability of overgrowing of the surface of the tailings has been demonstrated.
The dependence of the temperature cycle in the cylinder of the CI engine when burning methyl hydroxide
Authors: Anfilatov A A , Chuprakov A I
Published: September 2020

In the course of burning, the processes of gas movement intensively occur in the cylinder, which contribute to heat transfer to the cylinder walls. A diesel engine has different heat dissipation conditions than a gas engine. Due to the higher compression ratio, the temperature of the gases leaving the cylinder is much lower. The temperature of the gases in the cylinder in the course of burning reaches 2000-2300 °C. Using methyl hydroxide and changing the installing angles of advancing fuel injection there is a tendency to change the temperature of the cycle in the cylinder of the diesel engine. Starting from a certain position of the piston in the course of the compression stroke, the air temperature becomes higher than the wall temperatures, and the heat flux changes direction, i.e., heat is transferred from the air to the cylinder walls.
Harvester and transporting device development for high-quality soybean seeds obtaining
Authors: Prisyazhnaya I M , Sinegovskaya V T , Prisyazhnaya S P , Sinegovskii M O
Published: September 2020

Soybean in the Amur Region occupies up to 30% of its area in Russia. With a high content of protein and oil, it is an energy-efficient crop, and its processed products are widely used in the food industry and animal husbandry. An increase in soybean production is planned by improving the structure of sown areas, introducing new varieties, and intensifying crop production. It is possible to increase its productivity through the use of high-quality and most productive seeds that can be isolated, separately collected in a combine harvester during harvesting and used without seeds after harvesting. For this, it is necessary to use combines of two-phase threshing, with the separation of threshed mass by the first threshing drum, cleaning and collecting this mass in an additional hopper. To avoid pinching and damage during transportation, it is necessary to use screws with a brush frame for the working edge of the screw and brush conveyor belts. The selected soybean seeds of the first fraction for all sowing quality indicators correspond to the second class of the state standard, and their laboratory and field germination, 96 and 91.5%, corresponds to the seeds of the first class. The use of the first seed fraction during sowing, without additional purification, reduces material costs, increases soybean yield by 3.0 kg / ha and increases profit.
The effect of complex composts on the growth and dynamics of the number of vermiculture Esenia Fetida
Authors: Nakonechnyi N V , Ibragimova D V , Emtsev A A
Published: September 2020

The article considers the complex composts role from the wastewater residues and beer pellets on the Esenia fetida vermiculture growth dynamics in closed ground conditions as the Yugra territory sustainable development regional aspect. The substrates used: the soil with a total humus content of 1.83 ± 0.51%, the wastewater residues, the brewer pellet, the plants, the food waste, the paper, the bird droppings, the Tamir microbiological preparation, as well as 50 immature worms, the hybrid Prospector. The experiment lasted 30 days. In each compost variant, there were 7 replicates with the MP and worms, as well as 2 controls without worms: with MP and without it. The complex composts showed a positive trend in the increase in the earthworms number and their total mass. The decrease in the substrate mass after vermicomposting using the Tamir microbiological preparation was observed in all variants. A statistically regular decrease in the substrate mass over time due to the growth of the worms was found. The optimum temperature for the worm’s development is +21 degrees, and the pH values at which a high worms number were observed are in the range from 7.8 to 8.2. Thus, it is possible to use all the complex composts variants. The decomposition process and the growth of the worms positive dynamics were observed everywhere at different rates. The beer pellets use in the raw state is possible when adding 10-25% of the compostable substrate total mass with the organic components that have sorption capacity.
Evaluation of potato varieties as a source material for selection
Authors: Konstantinova S , Fadeev A
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of research on creating a source material for breeding new high-yielding potato varieties adapted to the conditions of the southern part of the Volga-Vyatka region. The research was carried out in the Department of selection and seed production of the Chuvash research Institute. The soil of the experimental site is gray forest, heavy loam, of medium fertility. Field and laboratory studies were conducted using generally accepted methods. More than 150 varieties have been studied in the collection nursery. The selected samples are valuable material for further selection and are identified on the basis of productivity. As a result of studying potato varieties of different groups of ripeness, highly productive varieties were selected for using the source material: 3 varieties were selected for each group of ripeness after the yield of marketable potatoes; 4 varieties with an increased number of tubers were selected.
Contemporary methods of environmental monitoring in aquaculture
Authors: Zavyalova E A , Droshnev A E , Bulina K Yu , Alontseva D A
Published: September 2020

Aquaculture is one of the promising areas of agriculture, but the intensification of the industry can negatively affect the ecosystem, which leads to the need for constant environmental monitoring, using modern methods such as genetic diagnostics using polymerase chain reaction. To expand the monitoring capabilities, the authors developed diagnostic kits based on PCR for identifying certain viruses and bacteria that are particularly dangerous for hydrobionts. Extensive use of the PCR diagnostic method for environmental monitoring will significantly reduce the duration of the study and more fully examine the population to obtain reliable information about the health of fish and the ecosystem as a whole.
Untraditional feeds influencing on poultry growth
Authors: Vasilieva N V , Tsoy Z V
Published: September 2020

Poultry farming is one of the most precocious and important branches of animal husbandry. It makes it possible to get food products such as meat and eggs in the shortest time. The main factor affecting the development of poultry farming is the feed base. For poultry, the lack of protein and minerals is very harmful. Far East has all the opportunities to realize its genetic potential. Primorye region makes it possible to widely use inexpensive seafood and waste products, as well as plant raw materials in animal and poultry feeding. Marine and fish products, as well as waste from their reprocessing, are rich in protein and minerals necessary to ensure the fullness of animal and poultry rations. Additions of marine origin have antioxidant, radioprotective activity, increase the body’s resistance to diseases, increase the immune system, and improve metabolism. In addition, the region has a fairly rich plant feed base. In particular, to improve metabolism, increase the body’s resistance, improve digestibility and digestibility of feed, we can use Galega orientalis. So that, the purpose of our research work was to study the possibility of including these additions in poultry rations.
Assessment of key habitats of suburban forests in Krasnoyarsk
Authors: Vais A A , Varaksin G S , Nezamov V I , Kolpakova O P , Anuev E A
Published: September 2020

Biodiversity is closely linked to common environmental and conservation issues of rare plant and animal species. Key habitats contribute to solving the limited tasks of preserving local (small) areas. Moreover, these areas are important for the conservation of ecosystem components, rare, vulnerable, endemic, relict and Red Book species. A survey of key habitats was carried out in a number of neighborhoods of the suburban forests of the city of Krasnoyarsk. In this article, key habitats were assessed according to three criteria: age, marketability, and anthropogenic impact. It was established that the key habitats allocated in the Krasnoyarsk forestry area are in satisfactory condition. To preserve these areas, it is recommended to reduce the anthropogenic load and develop a system of protective measures in order to preserve biodiversity.
A study of the productivity of alfalfa with melilot grass mixture and methods for developing their layer in the Caspian plain on irrigation
Authors: Mukhambetov B , Abdinov R , Didenko I , Zamzamova N , Bogdanova D
Published: September 2020

The salt tolerance and salt tolerance of melilot has been thoroughly studied in Kazakhstan, and on this basis its high productivity has been universally established on salt licks, saline irrigated lands compared to other fodder plants. The results of experiments on a comparative study of the productivity of fodder crops on non-saline zonal soils also showed its high productivity. But at the same time, melilot is a culture that dramatically increases the productivity of the grass mixture when it is introduced into it. In the experiments we conducted 1998 and 1999., the high productivity of the joint sowing of mtlilot (Melilotus) was established, with alfalfa compared with the pure sowing of alfalfa (Medicago) - 113.0 c / ha of hay against 81.9 c / ha in total over two years. When cultivating melilot, attention should be paid to the following circumstances. It is well known that under irrigated conditions, the alfalfa layer is not amenable to processing due to its strong compaction and desiccation. A completely different picture is observed when cultivating a melilot for seeds, after which the soil, although it is dried up as much, but at the same time, due to the decomposition of the fallen leaves, the melilot layer is easily treated, because there is no strong soil compaction. From the studied methods of treating the melilot layer, the best result in the 2019 laying test was obtained by cultivating the soil to a depth of 10-12 cm, rolling before and after sowing alfalfa with melilot - here the grass mixture provided 89.1 c / ha of haylage, which is much higher than it productivity when harrowing (49.5 t / ha) and plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm. (69.3 t / ha).
Change in the agrophysical properties of frozen soils under anthropogenic effects
Authors: Pesterev A P
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of studies of the agrophysical properties of the zonal soils of Central Yakutia formed under the line of larch of different-level-cowberry. As human intervention in forest ecosystems increases, the fragile ecological balance of the existence of taiga-alasny permafrost landscapes, reflected in the properties and regimes of zonal soils, changes. Changes in the agrophysical properties of frozen soil directly affect the hydrothermal regime of the soil and, accordingly, the plant composition of the ecosystem. The obtained materials show a decrease in fertility and deterioration of the properties of frozen stick saltwater soils, their compaction and desiccation under the influence of ploughing during livestock crossing within forest between spaces. Destruction of ground vegetation reduces the natural thermal insulation of the frost and leads to an increase in the depth of seasonal soil weeding by 25%. The total anthropogenic impact leads to the destruction of taiga ecosystems and the degradation of the permafrost in Eastern Eurasia.
Methods of storing rabbit meat to ensure functional nutrition
Authors: Antipov A V , Prantsuz O S , Beketov S V , Klimov V A
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study is to create a technology to increase the shelf life of dietary rabbit meat in a supercooled-frozen state while maintaining organoleptic properties using a stabilized cooling system.
Ecologically clean technologies of young cattle development
Authors: Sattarov N E , Borotov A N , Ashurov N A , Sattarov M N , Yunusov R F , Abduganiev A A
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the effectiveness of calf rearing in lightweight buildings in individual cages and in houses for individual keeping from 3 days of his life to 60 days of age. It has shown the advantage of growing young animals using this technology in comparison with the traditional method for group keeping indoors. This method of calf breeding contributes to maintaining the cultivation of full-fledged repair young animals, and ultimately, increasing the efficiency of animal husbandry. Since all experimental groups had a different content system, the dynamics of live weight in age periods helped to reveal the difference in growth rates and developed animals. The data obtained indicate that the weight during the formulation did not differ much in animals of the control I and II of the experimental groups was 36 kg, respectively, 35.7 and 38 kg. At 3 months of age, it amounted to 83, 87.6 and 90.2 kg, respectively. They exceeded their peers in the control group 7.2 kg or 7.99%, 4.6 kg 4.67%, respectively. The average daily increase in 3 months was 626 g, 692 g, 696 g, respectively.
Karyology of the Species Oxytropis lessingiana Knjasev (Fabaceae) Endemic to the South Urals
Authors: Kalashnik N A , Muldashev A A , Elizaryeva O A , Maslova N V
Published: September 2020

Studies have been performed on the karyotype Oxytropis lessingiana Knjasev endemic to the South Urals. It is recognized that the number of chromosomes in the somatic tissue of the species under investigation is 2n=48 and these metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes are of a small size (1.30±0.02 to 2.59±0.05 μm). The variability of morphometric chromosome parameters is characterized by very low, low and average values of the coefficient of variation. The highest variability is observed in the absolute chromosome length and the lowest one in the relative chromosome length. The differences found between the karyotype O. lessingiana and those of previously studied closely related species may attest to a particular (probably species-level) status of the research object.
Determination of an effective regimen for maceration of berry raw materials of the Rubus genus
Authors: Sharoglazova L P , Belyakov A A , Smol’nikova Ya V , Velichko N A , Khramtsova T G
Published: September 2020

This article presents the results of mathematical modeling of the process of maceration of berry raw materials of the Rubus genus. The optimal extractant concentrations and the duration of the process, which provide the maximum output of extractives, are determined. The quadratic regression, obtained at the preliminary stage of modeling, had a high relative error by smoothing the experimental data; the coefficient of determination of the quadratic regression was 82.55%, which is significantly lower than the threshold value of 95%. Because the use of polynomial and polynomial-logarithmic functions to represent the patterns of this extraction processes was insufficient, a two-stage modeling approach was chosen. As a result, a general model for the dependence of the output of extractive substances on the duration of extraction and ethanol concentration was developed, based on the proposed two-stage modeling approach with the use of fractional-rational functions.
Effect of soil salinization on the productivity of pasture in the arid land
Authors: Kononova N A , Pisman T I , Shevyrnogov A P
Published: September 2020

This study compares the field data of the seasonal dynamics of halophytic plant productivity as dependent upon soil salinity level and soil type. The field study was carried out in the coastal area of Lake Kurinka (the Republic of Khakasia, south of Middle Siberia) between May and September of 2014 and 2016. Two plant communities with different soil salinity levels were studied. Results of the field investigation show that there is a correlation between plant growth and the soil salinity level. With high-salinity (3.72%) soils, the productivity of halophyte plants is lower than productivity with low-salinity (0.175%) soils.
Component composition of atmospheric dusts as a characteristic of environmental pollution
Authors: Zagorodnov S Y
Published: September 2020

Air pollution from urban areas by solid dust particles potentially affects the level of chemicals in the soils of the surrounding area. Under the influence of gravity, solid particles settle, fall out in the form of rain and snow. The chemical composition of solid particles of atmospheric air contains a multicomponent mixture containing both organic and inorganic impurities, including extremely and highly dangerous ones. Based on the example of three central regions of Perm, comprehensive studies of the solid component of atmospheric air are carried out. The studies included determining the concentration levels of suspended solids and fine fractions PM10 and PM2.5, studying the component composition, forming a profile of solid particles and studying the morphological properties of the identified particles. During the study, an averaged profile of dust particles was formed, which is characterized by a wide range of chemicals, including: oxides of iron, calcium, silicon, aluminum, etc. The multicomponent nature of dust pollution of atmospheric air is confirmed by morphological features, solid particles are represented by a wide range of forms and various structures. Based on the results of the studies, proposals are made for the organization of environmental monitoring based on a detailed study of the component composition and inclusion of fine fractions PM10 and PM2.5 in the atmospheric air monitoring system of Roshydromet.
Flexibile techhology of protectants for grain seeds
Authors: Vlasenko N G , Khalikov S S , Burlakova S V
Published: September 2020

The chemicalization of agriculture is an important component of an integrated plant protection system to obtain stably high crop yields and provide food products to the rapidly growing population of the Earth. Seed dressing with fungicides is a determining element in the plant protection system, and systemic drugs give the best effect. The absence of such protection of cultivated plants can lead to a decrease in wheat productivity by more than 20% due to the development of Fusarium and Helminthosporious infection. At the same time, indicators such as protein content can decrease by 10.0%, and gluten - by 8-10%. Therefore, it is very important to develop the scientific basis for the preparation of complex preparations with a low consumption rate of the active substance and the inclusion of biological products, including plant growth regulators, which enhance the growth processes and yield of the main crop. In recent years, areas for the modification of known and practiced fungicides using various methods, including methods of mechanochemistry, are promising. At the same time, high permeability of active substances is achieved both due to auxiliary substances (in particular, polysaccharides), which increase the solubility of drugs, and by adding surfactants and other formative components to the formulations. The review of the literature on the development of alternative preparative forms of fungicidal preparations based on triazole derivatives and known fungicides, as well as their biological activity, is presented.
The use of active bakery ingredients in bakery products of functional purpose
Authors: Matseychik I V , Korpacheva S M , Suvorova E A
Published: September 2020

The paper describes the possibility of changing of yeast to natural sourdoughs of spontaneous fermentation in bakery products formulations with using of ‘BackNatur’ and ‘O-tenic’ active bakery ingredients. The influence of fermentation temperature and time on the quality of liquid sourdoughs is described, and the content of microorganisms in dried and liquid sourdoughs is shown. There were developed the formulations of bakery products based on the sourdoughs with using of demineralized dried whey, fine mechanochemically treated eggshell powder and infrared-dried carrot powder. All samples were evaluated on their sensory, physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics. The consumption of the developed bakery products satisfies from 10 to 15% of daily requirement for people in β-carotene, dietary fiber, calcium and proteins. The developed bakery products can be recommended as functional bakery products for dietary and gerontological nutrition.
Functional fermented milk whey product: assessment of quality and safety
Authors: Slozhenkina M I , Gorlov I F , Kryuchkova V V , Mosolova N I , Bochkareva A , Serova O P
Published: September 2020

The authors have developed a technology and a procedure for assessing quality and safety of a fermented milk whey product enriched with spirulina, tarragon, mint, and stevia sweetener used as a balanced complex of biologically active substances. Sensory quality indicators were assessed on a 5-point scale, using the profiling method. The taste panel analysis results showed that the enriched product had improved sensory properties and more pleasant harmonious taste and aroma. The examination of the chemical composition showed that the enriched product increased its content of carbohydrates by 2.3%, ash by 5%, and protein by 25%; dietary fibers (0.30 g) were produced and made up to 15% of the reference daily intake. The examination of the vitamin composition found an increase in almost all vitamins due to the enrichment with natural plant ingredients and the fermentation. The study of the mineral composition showed that in Test sample, the total content of all studied macroelements increased by 17.0 mg, and the microelements number enhanced by 0.16 mg. Therefore, enrichment with plant ingredients allowed obtaining products with higher sensory properties, increased nutritional and biological values and safety, a higher content of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals and induced dietary fiber to be produced.
Special-purpose programs to strengthen national food system in regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Sazonov S P , Ezangina I A , Chekhovskaya I A , Pashnanov M E , Chunakov A I
Published: September 2020

The national food system is currently a priority in the economic and social security of the regions in the Russian Federation and the state as a whole. The article specifies the concept of national security as a strategic direction for the development of a modern state, as well as tasks and role of special-purpose programs to ensure the security. The special-purpose programs applied to develop regional food security, its legislative support, and institutional component have been analyzed. Special-purpose programs implemented in the regions of Russia in frameworks of investment projects for strengthening the food security have been demonstrated. The article also reveals a number of relevant problems limiting the regional food security using special-purpose programs; and the ways for its optimization have been proposed.
Functional direction technology of dairy serum product
Authors: Gorlov I F , Slozhenkina M I , Kryuchkova V V , Bochkareva A , Serova O P
Published: September 2020

The authors determined the nutritional value and vitamin-mineral composition of the introduced plant ingredients: spirulina, tarragon, mint and stevia sweetener and found that their nutritional and biological value is due to the high content of proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals; justified their choice and composition of the microflora of the starter to give the product probiotic properties. The formula of the enriched product was developed and optimized based on the requirements for the production of functional food products. Set dose, method of heat treatment of insertion of the ingredients and process conditions for the production of fermented milk product reservoir method with consideration of prior extraction of tarragon and mint and control of industrial processes on the basis of which developed the technology of enriched fermented milk whey product. The qualitative indicators of the developed product were determined and it was found that the caloric content of the products is quite low and amounts to 25 kcal, all the indicators of the enriched product exceed the values of the control sample, it contains dietary fibers, the number of lactic acid microorganisms in the enriched product significantly exceeds the normalized values and the values of the control sample, which proves its high probiotic properties. The formation of lactic acid, ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, vitamins, enzymes and antibiotics in the process of fermentation in a fermented milk product, which together give it therapeutic and preventive properties and characterize the functional orientation of the product.
The effectiveness of the Madufor® feed additive in hyperthermia conditions for broiler chickens
Authors: Slozhenkina M I , Komarova Z B , Golovin V V , Krotova O E , Tarasov E N
Published: September 2020

Among the severe lightning-fast pathological processes that affect farm animals and poultry of all age categories, it is worthwhile to highlight overheating and dehydration, which are especially common in the southern regions of the country. The paper presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of Madufor® feed additives in heat stress of broiler chickens. According to the results of hematological studies, it was found that the content of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets in the blood of chickens of the control group was at the upper boundary of the physiological norm or slightly exceeded them. Thus, the level of red blood cells in the control group was 4.18·1012/l, hemoglobin 107.11g/l, hematocrit 39.32% and platelets 232.85·109/l, and in the experimental group these indicators were within the physiological norm and amounted to 3.47·1012/l, 103.89g/l, 34.48% and 168.85·109/l, respectively, which indicates the normalization of metabolic processes in the body of broiler chickens under the influence of the Madufor® feed additive. In the blood serum of broiler chickens in the control group, an increased total protein content of 5.28g/l (11.91%; P<0.01) was compared with the experimental group. The AST level in the control group also exceeded the similar values of the experimental group by 15.06 units/l at P<0.01. During the experiment, the mineral composition of the blood serum of the chickens of the experimental group improved in relation to the control. The concentration of calcium, sodium and potassium significantly exceeded the control by 14.78 (P<0.05), 1.65 (P<0.05) and 8.15% (P<0.01), and the level of phosphorus tended to increase with an unreliable difference. Throughout the cultivation, the live weight of the chickens of the experimental group exceeded the control values. During the finishing fattening of broilers of the experimental group at the age of 28 and 35 days, their live weight exceeded the same indicator in the control group by 171.7 (13.06%; P<0.001) and 288.2 g (15.42%; P<0.001 ) Accordingly, feed consumption per 1 kg of growth in the control group was significantly higher than in the experimental group by 0.26 kg.
Method for producing sausages, licopine enriched
Authors: Gorlov I F , Slozhenkina M I , Bozhkova S E , Grigoryan L F , Andryushchenko D S
Published: September 2020

The use of additives of plant origin allows to stabilize the functional and technological properties of raw materials, increase the biological value, improve the organoleptic characteristics of the finished product. Lycopene is one of the supplements of interest. Like other carotenoids, lycopene is a fat-soluble nutrient. This means that it is better absorbed when consumed with fats. The product with the highest concentration of lycopene is tomato. Although it is found in many other plant products. The aim of this work was to develop a recipe for sausages with a filler containing lycopene. In the course of the research, the basic quality indicators of enriched cooked sausage products were studied: organoleptic and physicochemical. In addition, an experiment was carried out that revealed the quantitative content of lycopene in three variations of the filler: tomato juice, fresh tomato and ketchup. Sausages with a filling inside provide an opportunity to enrich and diversify the diet of consumers. And also they allow the manufacturer to increase the yield by introducing filler.
Yogurt enriched to correct intestinal microflora in dysbiosis
Authors: Kontareva V Yu , Belik S N , Morgul E V , Gorlov I F , Slozhenkina M I
Published: September 2020

The high incidence of dysbiotic disorders, growing threat of new intestinal bacterial pathogens with multidrug resistance and high virulence, and high level of xenobiotic contamination of food products and the environment require the search for alternative non-medicinal products aimed at improving and maintaining health of the intestinal tract. The authors developed a recipe and technology of two-layer yogurt enriched with a prebiotic complex, containing dietary fiber of wheat bran, indigestible food components that promote the growth of normal intestinal microflora (bifidobacteria and lactobacilli), an inactivated yeast culture of Saccharomycescerevisiae (vini), and blueberry and cornelian cherry puree—a source of polyphenolic compounds. The yoghurt culture used in the technology contains freeze-dehydrated strains of probiotic cultures, i.e., Streptococcus thrmophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckiissp.bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, and lactose. The authors studied the effect of the developed yogurt on the intestinal microflora and their ability to prevent and correct dysbiosis. To this end, a model of experimental antibiotic-associated dysbiosis was reproduced using a broad-spectrum antibiotic Gentamicin in white mice. The antibiotic was being injected intraperitoneally for 5 days. After withdrawal of gentamicin, a considerable increase in opportunistic enterobacteria (Enterobacteraerogenes, Enterobactercloacae, and Citrobacterfreundii), Proteussp, and Candidasp. was observed. There was also a decrease in the quantity and quality of Lactobacillussp. E.coli and a decrease in the content of Bifidobacteriumsp. Enriched yogurt in the diet of mice allowed the microbiological evidences of dysbiosis to be eliminated in a short time, prevented clinical symptoms of dysbiosis, i.e., decreased physical activity and poor appetite, stool softening, constipation, flatulence, and worsening the appearance. Thus, the developed enriched yogurt can be used to prevent and correct dysbiotic intestinal disorders.
Influence of oligochitosans and highly molecular chitosan on Lactobacillus Bulgaricus cultivation
Authors: Shramko M I , Lodygin A D , Evdokimov I A , Sushinskaya N V , Kurchenko V P
Published: September 2020

It was established that decrease of oligochitosans with molecular masses 7.0, 25.4, 45.3 kDa concentration in the process of Lactobacillus bulgaricus cultivation leads to fermented dairy product pH reduction and titratable acidity increase. Further increase in titratable acidity and decrease of lactic acid microorganisms amount was determined during the fermented dairy product storage process. Oligochitosans with molecular masses 7.0, 25.4, 45.3 kDa in concentrations interval from 0.0025 to 0.01 per cent did not exhibit prebiotic properties. Active acidity elevation and titratable acidity depression was observed at the chitosan with molecular mass 350 kDa concentration rises. Also increase of highly molecular chitosan concentration leads to elevation of lactic acid microorganisms total amount, which was more than three degree as many as total count of lactic acid bacteria in control sample.
Use of vegetable and fruit powder in the production technology of functional food snacks
Authors: Perfilova O V , Akishin D V , Vinnitskaya V F , Danilin S I , Olikainen O V
Published: September 2020

The article provides information on the development of formulations and production technology of functional food snacks (bars, tablets, cubes) from vegetables, fruit and secondary raw materials from the production of direct-pressed fruit and vegetable juices for a healthy snack during the day (morning, afternoon, evening) in accordance with the current trend of nutrition: “The right products at the right time”. In a balanced diet, a person needs two to three snacks during the day between main meals. Each snack should have an individual combination of proteins, fat, carbohydrates, fiber and with the given parameters of calorie content and antioxidant activity. Developments of the authors of the article are related to vegetable and vegetable-fruit snacks (bars, tablets and cubes) with low calorie content, which can be used as a light snack “on the go”, as an addition to food or a light snack. Products based on vegetable and fruit raw materials are included in the consumer subcategory in the market of snacks (bars, tablets, cubes) along with snacks made from cereal-muesli, fruit-nut, energy, but they differ significantly from them in low calorie, high fiber and antioxidant content. The scientific component of the development of formulations and technology for vegetable and fruit and vegetable snacks is not to create them with ingredients that no one has used yet, but that these products are required for the healthy nutrition of adults and the full development of children. All researches, developments and manufacture of samples were carried out on instruments and equipment of laboratories and departments of Michurinsk State Agrarian University.
Comparative analysis of economic and biological features of Kalmyk and Mongolian cattle breeds
Authors: Fedotova G V , Slozhenkina M I , Tsitsige  , Natyrov A K , Erendzhenova M V
Published: September 2020

The aim of the research is to compare and study the economic and biological characteristics of animals of the Kalmyk and Mongolian breeds of cattle, to identify related parameters and evidence of a common historical origin. Methods. The method of evaluating and comparing the characteristics of two breeds of cattle (Kalmyk and Mongolian) with a common origin has been improved, and methods of zootechnical, graphic and comparative analysis. Results. The authors made a comparative assessment of the economic and biological characteristics of the Kalmyk and Mongolian cattle breeds bred in the South of Russia, in the Bayangol-Mongol and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous regions of China. According to the results of the assessment, similar characteristics of the studied animal breeds were revealed, and their common origin from a single ancestor was proved. The factors that influence the high adaptive abilities of the two breeds and the similarity in their production and reproduction abilities are revealed. Studies of Kalmyk breed of cattle was carried out in the territory SPK “Prolific” of the Republic of Kalmykia, the Mongol breed cattle was held on the territory of the farm Baingol-Mongol Autonomous Region of China. The study of these cattle breeds will allow us to understand the origin of the Kalmyk breed of cattle, which was migrated with the Mongolian-Kalmyk tribes from the Western part of China more than 400 years ago.
Development of creating computer programs method for multivariate optimization of functional meat product recipes
Authors: Miroshnik A S , Slozhenkina M I , Gorlov I F , Mosolova D A , Ishevskyi A L
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of development and testing of new computer program for calculating functional meat products based on Microsoft Office Excel 2010. The paper describes methodology of its creation, including method and formulas of calculation, presentation type of input data and calculation results, as well as possibility of increasing accuracy and efficiency of optimization when using programs of this type. The necessity of developing software for optimizing functional food products, based on a full search algorithm, is substantiated. The ways of using the program and ways of its further development are presented. The key advantages and disadvantages of using the created computer program are identified. The computer program at the end of its work provides the user a list of formulations optimized according to the general optimality criterion, which is an undeniable advantage. This is important because it is very difficult to predict organoleptic indicators at the current level of technological development. It was revealed that in the current form, amount of computing a computer program directly depends on the size of database used. An idea of identifying a logical function that organoleptic properties with respect to parameters of raw materials in a recipe is proposed.
Microstructural studies of muscle tissue of lamb of aboriginal breeds of the Volga region
Authors: Giro T M , Kulikovski A V , Giro V V , Mosolov A A
Published: September 2020

The article presents current information on the microstructure of muscle tissue of aboriginal young sheep of the Volga region. The efficiency of lifetime formation of meat productivity and consumer properties of lamb from young sheep of the Bakur breed, sold in the year of birth, is estimated by the method of microstructural analysis. The method of morphometric assessment revealed the features of individual development of animals, conditioned by hereditary patterns and environmental conditions affecting the exchange processes, that ultimately changes the individual development of animals.
Behavioral response and genotypical features of grazing sheep in arid zone
Authors: Ubushaev B S , Moroz N N , Natyrov A K , Bolaev B K
Published: September 2020

The issues of natural pastures with different intensities of grazing and behavioral response of fine-wool and hair sheep, genotypic characteristics of sheep by blood groups, variability in antigen frequencies, and their relationship with the adaptability of various sheep breeds to a grazing system are of particular interest. The behavior of sheep in grazing was studied in bands of ewes of hair fat-tailed Kalmyk, Edilbay, and fine-wool Grozny sheep breeds in the agricultural production cooperative Kirovsky, the Republic of Kalmykia. Under extensive grazing, pastures had a high yield of air-dry mass in June at the end of the growing season of steppe plant species, with Gramineae in the associations being more actively grazed than wormwood. Grazing hair sheep of the Kalmyk breed kept pasture 1.4 (P<0.01) times more productive than fine-wool sheep at an average load and 1.3 times at a low load. A favorable forecast for the development of natural pastures in the Republic of Kalmykia was the 1:2 ratio between Asterácea and Poáceae in the first two or three years of grazing and 1:1 in the ensuing years. The antigen pool of the Grozny breed was significantly different from antigens of hair breed. The antigen structure of the Edilbay breed was similar to the Kalmyk one. The blood group studies showed that the fine-wool and hair breeds had high antigenic similarities in terms of the O antigen, with its frequency of 0.879-0.724. The Cb antigen of the C system was frequent; almost all sheep, regardless of the breed, had the gene in 0.592-0.652 cases.
Technological aspects of growing winter wheat in arid conditions
Authors: Ivanchenko T V , Belikina A V , Igolnikova I S
Published: September 2020

The results of research are into the technologies of an integrated system for protecting winter wheat plants in arid conditions are presented in this article. Field experiments were carried out on a field located in the light chestnut subzone of the dry steppe zone of chestnut soils. The climate is very exchangeable. In the conducted field experiments, winter wheat crops were processed using four technologies for the use of fungicides, herbicides, insecticides in various combinations of tank mixtures. In the process of research, we developed four technology options for an integrated system for the use of modern plant protection products that can be selected by agricultural enterprises with various chemical applications. The most effective option in containing fungal infection was identified and the most cost-effective technology for grain production was 57.2%, yield 1.9 t / ha and the option without using chemical plant protection products - yield 1.3 t / ha, profitability – 41.5%, there was also the largest in the experience the development and spread of soil infection.