bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Current Situation of the Environmental Protection Industry and the Analysis of its Development Obstacles in Shaanxi Province
Authors: Li Xian E , Liang Nan
Published: August 2013

The current situation of the Shaanxi provincial environmental protection industry was analysed from the three dimensions: environmental protection equipment manufacturing industry; environmental services industry; comprehensive utilization of resources and ecological environment protection. The factors of existing obstacles in development of environmental protection industry are mainly in: insufficient of demand for environmentally friendly products; unclear duty in the management of the environmental protection industry; lack of public policy support. This paper also makes policy recommendations for promoting the development of environmental protection industry.
Perennial Crop: An Important Genetic Resource in Agroecosystems
Authors: Zhang Yan Ming , Jiang Bo , Jin Song , Li Cun Yu , Li Yu Xin , Li Ji Lin
Published: August 2013

As agriculture's impact on the Earth has been amplified by industrial farming, the functioning of ecosystems around the world is disruptive. The phenomena of agroecological environment are becoming worse and worse in the arid and semi-arid regions, which has become the predominant obstacle for agriculture development. Through understanding the character of perennial crops and developing them, however, would help us to deal with the multiple issues in agroecosystems, such as agroecological environmental conservation, economic benefits and so on. It also can provide multiple ecosystem services including a new solution to the long-standing problems of soil erosion and degradation associated with conventional annual small-grain cropping systems. This paper assesses the derivation of agroecology and agroecosystems, introduces the agroecological value of perennial crop, and prospects the significant utilization of perennial crop in the future.
Optimization of the SPME-GC-MS Techniques for Analyzing Headspace Volatiles in Shrimp Head of P. borealis
Authors: Xie Wan Cui , Lian Xin , Yang Xi Hong , Yang Ya Dong , Mao Dan Hui
Published: August 2013

To investigate the headspace volatiles in shrimp head P. borealis, optimized conditions were evaluated for solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. SPME fibers of 100-μm polydimetylsiloxane, 65-μm polydimetylsiloxane-divinylbenzene, 75-μm carboxen-polydimetylsiloxane, and 50/30-μm divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimetylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) were compared. The influence of several parameters such as type of fibers, volume of sample, extraction time, extraction temperature, and state of samples was systematically investigated. Suitable reproducibility and sensitivity were achieved by combining DVB/CAR/PDMS of 50/30-μm thickness as the liquid phase of SPME, 1.5 g of shrimp head lyophilized powder, 40 OC of isolation temperature and 40 min of isolation time. A total of 62 volatile compounds have been confirm, including hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, nitrogen-containing compounds and sulfur-containing compounds. 3,5-octadien-2-one (E,Z), 3,5-octadien-2-one (E,E), 1-penten-3-one, 6-octen-2-one, ethyl acetate and alcohols such as 1-penten-3-ol, 2-penten-1-ol and 1-octen-3-ol were predicted as key compounds for SH flavor.
The Relationship among Environment Protection and other Manufacturing Capabilities in Chinese Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Cheng Qiao Lian , Yin Li Guo , Tian Ye Zhuang
Published: August 2013

In recent years, environment protection has been taken into account in the analysis of manufacturing strategy. However, according to investigation in Chinese manufacturing industry, the overall level of environment protection of top 100 companies is still low as a whole. This study proposed and tested an extended sand cone model from environment protection perspective. The research used structural equation modeling and data from a sample of 212 Chinese manufacturers based on IMSS-V. The results show that environment protection has direct, positive, significant effects on the other four manufacturing capabilities. It is observed that the predominant strategic model in these firms is one of multiple, non-incompatible capabilities with cumulative effects. This means that Chinese manufacturing firms are able to achieve excellent results in other manufacturing objectives simultaneously when they take efforts to practice environment protection.
Theory Foundation of Corporate Environmental Responsibility
Authors: Wang Hong
Published: August 2013

The target of Corporate Environmental Responsibility is for environmental protection. This article analyzes the theory foundation of it. With the view of sustainable development, social contract theory, legitimacy theory, stakeholder theory, circular economy theory and externality theory, enterprises will make achievement in Corporate Environmental Responsibility practice.
A Comparison of the Behaviour of Spruce Wood and Polyolefins during the Test on the Cone Calorimeter
Authors: Martinka Jozef , Hroncová Emília , Chrebet Tomáš , Balog Karol
Published: August 2013

This article deals with comparison of the behaviour of spruce wood and polyolefins (polyethylene PE and polypropylene PP) during the test on the cone calorimeter. Samples were tested on the cone calorimeter at heat flux of 20 and 40 kW/m2. An evaluation of the behaviour of examined materials was based on the determination of the maximum and the average heat release rate, yield of carbon monoxide (CO), and relative comparison of tendency to fire propagation in a flashover phase. The tendency of materials to fire propagation in the flashover phase was evaluated based on the Pearson ́s correlation, the Spearman ́s correlation and the Kendall ́s correlation coefficient of HRR-CO and CO2-CO. Spruce wood showed better properties in comparison with PE and PP in all evaluated parameters (the maximum and the average heat release rate, the yield of CO, and also the resistance to fire propagation in the flashover phase. Additionally, spruce wood showed significantly lower sensitivity of dependence of the maximum and also the average heat release rate on external heat flux.
Prediction of the Forest Health Based on BP Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Yong , Xiong Zhuang
Published: August 2013

This paper simple introduced back propagation (BP) neural networks, and constructed a dynamic predict model, based on it to predict forest disease and insect and rat pest. Then it analyzed and simulated with the BP neural network model with the data produced in the recent ten years. The result indicated that the BP neural network model is reliable for predicting the forest disease and insect and rat pest. The method provides scientific foundation for the forestry management of studied area.
Rain Fall Partition of the Forest Canopy beside Songhua River
Authors: Wang Shu Li , Hu Tian Ran
Published: August 2013

Through field investigation and room experiment, the characteristics of the rainfall partition in the canopy layer of six forest types beside Songhua River were studied. The canopy interception of the rainfall was different in six forest types; from maximum to minimum was Quercus monglica forest, Pinus koraiensis plantation, Tilia mandshurica forest, Fraxinus mandshurica-Larix olgensis forest, Fraxinus mandshurica-Populus davidiana forest and Juglans mandshurica forest. There were significant linear correlation between through fall and precipitation and significant exponential correlation between canopy interception and precipitation in studied forest types; The stem flow ratio to gross rain fall ranged from 0.74% to 16.61% in six forest types, from maximum to minimum was Juglans mandshurica forest, Quercus monglica forest, Pinus koraiensis plantation, Fraxinus mandshurica-Larix olgensis forest, Fraxinus mandshurica-Populus davidiana forest and Tilia mandshurica Forest. In the same precipitation condition, the stem flow ratio to gross rain fall should be affected negatively by canopy size.
Extraction of Chondroitin Sulfate from Tilapia Byproducts with Ultrasonic-Microwave Synergistic
Authors: Cheng Chang Yu , Duan Wei Wen , Duan Zhen Hua , Hai Yang , Lei Xin Gui , Chang Hong
Published: August 2013

The optimum conditions for the extraction and separation of chondroitin sulfate from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) byproducts were studied in the paper. The chondroitin sulfate was extracted by the combination of ultrasonic and microwave. On the basis of the single factor tests, the response surface methodology was taken to study the optimum process of extraction. Results show that the best conditions for the extraction and separation of chondroitin sulfate from tilapia byproducts are: the ultrasonic power is 50W, the microwave power is 98W, the extraction time is 120s, the ratio of solid to liquid is 1:50 (g/mL), and under these conditions, the extraction rate of chondroitin sulfate is 2.513%.
Morphological Characters of Stipa grandis (Gramineae) in the Semi-Arid Grassland of Inner Mongolia Plateau of China
Authors: Wang Jin Long , Wu Xi Dong
Published: August 2013

Understanding the adaptive characters of some important species is not only very important for restoration biology, but also very important for environmental protection and resource collection.Stipa grandisP. Smirn is an important dominant species in the middle and eastern parts of Inner Mongolia steppe. The present study took morphological traits into account in order to examine the adaptive characters ofS. grandisto local environmental conditions. At four sampling sites presenting various climatic characteristics and community characteristics, 22 morphological traits were measured in the end of the growth season. Four populations were categorized into two sub-groups based on Euclideans distances of morphological traits, and Mantels tests showed significant relationships between Euclideans distances of morphological traits and climatic divergence. The divergence of morphological traits seemed to be shaped by climatic difference in a certain sense, but the effects of other environmental factors could not be neglected. Such information is important for a better understanding of the adaptive strategy ofS. grandisin northern China and will be useful for policy makers to work out a plan to protect and to utilize this important species.
Supervision Critical Control Points of Vegetable Quality Safety and Informationization Technology Option
Authors: Li Jin , Liu Li Hong , Ma Chen , Guo Mei Rong
Published: August 2013

Agricultural product quality safety problems have already arose our government and public attention. This article analyzed vegetable quality safety supervision critical control points on aspects of origin environment and variety testing, production process management, processing, storage and circulation distribution industry chain .Discussed new generation of information technology application such as the Internet of things in China s supervision of agricultural products quality safety, put forward the future trend of agricultural products quality safety supervision is to realize informationization, network, remote, real-time and precision.
Ultrasound-Assisted Citric Acid Extraction of Zinc in Plateau Red Soil and Tessier Speciation Study
Authors: Wei Wei , Zhou Xue Jin , Gao Yun Tao
Published: August 2013

Taking plateau red soil as research object, using the ultrasonic-assisted organic acid extraction the heavy metal zinc in it, and analyze the form of zinc. Results showed that the extraction rate can reach 68%, with the increase of time, the extraction effect of zinc is obviously enhanced in this method. Ultrasonic-assisted citric acid extraction soil can increase the extraction rate of exchangeable, bound to carbonates and bound to iron and manganese oxides relatively.
Inhibition Effect of Extraction from Seed of Phoebe Bournei
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Tie Hua , Wen Shi Zhi , He Gong Xiu , Shen Zhan , Yao Zhen Yi
Published: August 2013

In order to approach the dormant property of Phoebe bournei seeds, the inhibition effects of the different concentrations and different solvent extraction from seed coats and embryo of Phoebe bournei was studied through bioassay method.The results showed that there were inhibition effects of extracts on the germination and radical growing of cabbage seeds, and the inhibition effects became stronger as the contents of extracting solutions increased.Germination rate of cabbages in seed embryo extracts was lower than that in the seed coat extracts in the same concentrations, and the radical length in the seed embryo extracts was also shorter than that in the seed coat extracts. The seed embryo and coat extractions phase of ethyl acetate on the germination and radical growing of cabbage seeds had the strongest inhibition effect. The results indicated that inhibiting substances were existed both in the seed coats and embryo of Phoebe bournei seeds, and embryo extracts had stronger inhibition effect on the seed germination and radical growing of cabbage seed than the seed coats extracts had, and the inhibiting substances were mainly soluble in the methanol and ethyl acetate.
Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains with Respiration Ability in the Present of Heme
Authors: Jiao Yue Hua , Zhang Lan Wei , Liu Fei
Published: August 2013

25 strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria were selected to carry on aerobic cultivating test. It was found that LD33 and 1031 could undergo respiration in the present of heme. compared with the original strain cultivated under fermentative conditions , both its biomass and pH increased. After 45 days storaged at 4°C, the strain LD33 cultivated under fermentative condition was less than 10CFU/mL, while the viable cell count of strain cultivated under respiratory condition was remain 108CFU/mL. Aerobic respiratory metabolism shift occurred in the early exponential growth was indicated by the growth curve and pH curve.
Analysis of Growing Plants in Double Glass Curtain Walls
Authors: Xiao Xiang Dong , Dong Li , Zhang Qi Xiang , Liu Xiao Dong
Published: August 2013

Technology of reclaiming condensed water from the thermal channel of double-pane glass curtain wall and applying the reclaimed water in micro-irrigation of natural plants was explored. Selection of plant species for the internal space of double glass curtain wall was studied to meet the ecological technological requirements of double glass curtain wall. Progressive experiment of new technology and simulated calculation of indexes were applied to obtain solar radiation consumption and finally improve indoor and outdoor thermal environment. The results showed that new technologies of applying plants in double glass curtain walls help realize ecological utilization of double glass curtain walls, further reduce energy consumption of buildings.
Comparative Study on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Two Ecotypes of Euhalophyte Suaeda salsa L. Grown Under Natural Saline Conditions
Authors: Sui Na , Liu Yu , Wang Bao Shan
Published: August 2013

Suaeda salsa L. grown in the intertidal zone and those in high salinity soils of the Yellow River Delta were used to investigate the category and characteristic of photosynthesis and fluorescence. Results showed that the water content, Na+ and Cl- contents of the high salinity soils were lower. The temperature on the surface of soil and in the depth of 10 cm from the surface, the content of K+ and Ca2+ of the high salinity soils were significantly higher than those in the intertidal zone soils. Pn, Gs, Fv/Fm, ФPSII, the fresh weight and dry weight per plant of S. salsa grown in the high salinity soils were higher. However, Ci of S. salsa grown in the high salinity soils were lower. These suggested that S. salsa grown in the high salinity soils was mainly suffering from salt stress, while S. salsa in the intertidal zone soils was suffering from waterlogging, low temperature and salt stress together. S. salsa in the intertidal zone soils decreased light absorption and alleviated photoinhibition, but as a result the biomass was reduced.
Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Essential Oil from Latifolia miq Roots and Stems with Supercritical CO2 Fluid
Authors: Gu Ren Yong , Li Zhi Ping
Published: August 2013

Studying on the extraction process of essential oil from Latifolia Miq roots and stems by Supercritical CO2 extraction. The effects on extracting ratio were investigated by using single factor test, adding content of grinding fineness of raw materials,extracting temperature, extracting pressure and extracting time. The optimum extraction condition was determined by orthogonal test. The results showed that the optimum condition of the extraction was as follows: grinding fineness 90 mesh, extracting temperature 45 °C, extracting pressure 20 MPa and extracting time 2.5 h.
The Biocontrol Mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum Resistance Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Yang Ping , Xu Qian
Published: August 2013

T. asperellum is an important biocontrol fungus owing to their ability to antagonize plant pathogenic fungi. The biocontrol effects of T. asperellum were played by secreting many kinds of hydrolytic enzymes and antibiotics. T. asperellum producing more cell wall degrading enzymes when meeting plant pathogens. Moreover, the growth of the plant pathogens was inhibited by T. asperellum secondary metabolites. The yield of antibiotic 6-PP was 1.32 mg 6-PP/g mycelial dry weight. T. asperellum control plant pathogens through secreting cell wall degrading enzymes and producing antifungal metabolites.
A Hybrid Dense Matching Method for Satellite Images
Authors: Teng Sheng Hua , Yang Ning
Published: August 2013

To solve the dense matching problem for stereoscopic satellite images, a hybrid matching scheme integrating multiple methods is proposed. This scheme utilizes two types of matching element including grid points and edge points. First the geometrically constrained cross-correlation (GC3) method is used to extract matching grids. While in less textured regions using GC3 cannot get sufficient matching grids, so the local affine transformation is used to establish the region correspondence, and more matching grids can be generated. Edges are extracted by Canny operator and approximated with a series of straight edge segments using a polygon approximation. Based on these approximated edges, edge correspondences between image pairs are established using GC3. This scheme fuses the region based and the feature based matching methods. It has been tested with real satellite images and the results demonstrate its accuracy and efficiency.
Digital Urban Three-Dimensional Technique Base on OpenGL
Authors: Bai Bing , Chen Xue Jun , Zhu En Qiang , Xue Wan Xiao , Yu Jie
Published: August 2013

With the fast development of computer multimedia technology, space technology, visualization technology, digital geomatics technology and computer graphics technology, using three-dimensional GIS technology to realize virtual visualization scene become reality. Three-dimensional GIS had already been applied to a lot of fields, such as country resource management, urban planning, public security system, electric power telecom branch. The paper had paid great attention to the popular three-dimensional GIS technology which had been in progress studying nowadays. It has summarized the research content and developed condition of current three-dimensional GIS and expatiates on the comprehensive application foreground of three-dimensional GIS. It had discussed and studied the three-dimensional GIS modeling method and the key visualization technology which based on OpenGL. It designed and realized a three-dimensional GIS simulation system. The paper had done the main studies as follows: (1) 3D GIS modeling theory and method had been discussed in this paper, and the paper had realized 3D modeling based on 3dsmax become reality; (2) It had designed and realized a three-dimensional GIS simulation system based on visualization technology which based on OpenGL.
To Design a Vulnerable Environmental Target Information Management System of Dalian Municipality, China
Authors: Ma Shu Ming , Zhang Shun Shen , Chen Yu
Published: August 2013

To cope with the practical deficiency in the management of vulnerable environmental target, this work aims at designing a vulnerable environmental target information management system was designed based on the technology of ArcGIS Engine and .NET. Three function modules were designed. They are basic environmental information module, information entrance module and information auditing& searching module. The system was applied in Dalian Municipality, China.
Research on Spatial Patterns of Hydrophytes in Wuliangsuhai Wetland
Authors: Hao Rui Ying , Yu Rui Hong
Published: August 2013

Changes in spatial patterns of hydrophyte of Wuliangsuhai wetland since 1986 are analyzed based on the remote sensing principle. The methods of computer automated classification combining with visual interpretation are used for the extraction of wetland information. Furthermore, overall accuracy and kappa coefficient are applied to the assessment of classification accuracy. The results show the macrophyte is the dominant type in the Wuliangsuhai wetland.
Study on Ecological Carbon Sink Regionalization of Land Use in Shenzhen City
Authors: Hu Kei Mei , Liu Wei Ling , Zhu Jing Hai , Wang Lin , Zhang Lin Bo , Ma Zhong Qiang
Published: August 2013

This paper is to propose a method of ecological carbon sink regionalization in the view of GHG (greenhouse gas) emission reduction, which could provide scientific theory basis for development and utilization of urban land resources, ecological environment construction, biodiversity conservation, the industry layout and formulation of the regional sustainable development strategy. Based on the existing researches foundation, this study takes Shenzhen as a typical case to put forward a method for carbon sink regionalization of urban land use with further quantitative evaluation of ecosystem carbon storage (density), carbon sources/sinks function and carbon sink potential of Shenzhen city. The results show that: Shenzhen ecological carbon sink is regionalized into six categories 55 regions, including 15 intensive carbon sink regions, 17 medium carbon sink regions, 10 weak carbon sink regions, 4 carbon neutral regions, 5 medium carbon source regions and 4 intensive carbon source regions.
Study on Population-Farmland-Settlement in West Hainan at Town Scale
Authors: Shi Tie Chou , Xu Xiao Hong
Published: August 2013

The paper chooses West Hainan (Dongfang city and Changjiang county) as the research area, takes the towns as the unit, and analyses the change and relationship of population-farmland-settlement from 1950s to 1970s. The research shows that the correlation coefficient of population size and farmland area is 0.313 in 1950s and 0.417 in 1970s in West Hainans 29 towns, the two belong to low correlation, population and farmland have smaller relationship; the correlation coefficient of farmland area and settlement area is 0.454 in 1950s and 0.598 in 1970s, the two belong to moderate correlation, farmland and settlement have substantive relationship; the correlation coefficient of population size and settlement area is 0.794 in 1950s and 0.710 in 1970s, the two belong to high correlation, the relationship between the population and the settlement is very close.
The Problem Analysis of the Work of Linking the Increase with Decrease of Urban and Rural Construction Lands
Authors: Hu Chen Cheng , Wang Ai Guo , Li Qin , Yu Yang , Yang Yao Qi
Published: August 2013

With the improvement of China's economic development and urbanization level, more and more cultivated lands are converted into construction lands;the contradiction between land demands for economic development and cultivated lands protection is becoming increasingly acute. The work of linking the increase with decrease of urban and rural construction lands becomes the important measure to solve the contradiction. This paper analyses the problems existing in pilot areas which develop the work of linking the increase with decrease of urban and rural construction lands, and puts forward solutions to those problems.
Partitioned Land-Use Planning Based on Evaluation of Geological Environment: A Case Study of Qingyang City
Authors: Ji Zhao , Zhao Zeng Ying , Fu Mei Chen , Zhang Xiao Tao , Zhou Jin Sheng
Published: August 2013

Land-use planning is one of the most important planning in the process of national economy development. Traditional land-use planning rarely considers the impact of the geological environment. This paper takes a case study of Qingyang City and evaluates the geological environment on the basis of mining geo-environment background and field survey on geo-environment problems to form different regions which can guide the compilation of land-use planning. And then, this paper establishes the planning advice assemblage for different region.
The Synthesis through Phase Transferring Precipitation and Structural Characterization of Single-Ligand Herbal-Sarcandra Flavone Germanium
Authors: Zhou Wen Fu , Liu Bao Hua , Zhang Lin
Published: August 2013

irreversible transferring precipitation in ethanol solution is applied to form the target using the flavone extracted from herbal sarcandra by means of ultrasonic extraction at m (Ge 4): m (herbal sarcandra flavone) = 3:10,PH=4.5-5.5, constant temperature 40-45 °C and 20-min stir as khaki-colored complex, which is to be precipitated, separated, purified, and examined through FTIR,UV,XRDand ascertained as herbal-sarcandra-flavone germanium.
The Urbanization Spatial-Temporal Patterns Exploration of Capital Urban Agglomerations in Three Provinces of Central China
Authors: Wang Jing , Chang Li Li , Yuan Min Hang , Li Wen Yue
Published: August 2013

Following strategies of Coastal Open Go West and Reviving Northeastern Old Industrial Base the state put forward the strategy of Rising of Central China in order to promote its rapid development. Urban agglomeration in Central China is becoming academic focus with unprecedented development momentum. It applies multidisciplinary theory of human geography, regional economics, etc. and takes urban agglomeration of Hunan, Henan and Hubei provinces for example to empirical analysis. Firstly, analyzing the historical evolution, urbanization space development and patterns then comes to spatial association of urban and rural through comparison, Finally, showing the development characteristics of urban agglomeration in Central China and putting forward urbanization suggestion.
Value Estimation of Expressway Land and the Scheme of Land Saving
Authors: Cui Hong Jun , Chen Chen , Xing Xiao Gao , Li Ya Ping
Published: August 2013

Expressway is mitochondrial engineering in field which land occupation is large, moreover, the duration is long and rehabilitation is difficult. But the current standard is far from the real value of the land. Base on modem land appraisal theory and land shadow price model, comprehensively considered of expressway land value composition, the paper put forward a new mode of expressway-land price constitution depend on sustainable development, to establish theory and method of value estimation of expressway land. Then establish a reasonable and standardized expressway engineering and land programs. Making expressway Daqing to Guangzhoug as an example and contrasting with the cost of bridge and tunnel leading the way, retaining structures and the value of the land selected to draw up the scheme of land saving.
Thermodynamics Study on Catalytic Hydrolysis of CCl2F2 over Solid Acid MoO3/ZrO2
Authors: Liu Tian Cheng , Guo Yu Jiao , Ning Ping , Tang Guang Yang , Yuan Ming Long
Published: August 2013

Catalytic hydrolysis decomposition of dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl2F2) in the presence of water vapor and oxygen was studied over solid acid MoO3/ZrO2 using a fixed-bed reactor. The CCl2F2 adsorption was multilayer chemical adsorption and its process was corresponding with Freundlich model. Its heat was from 56.3 to 73.2 KJ.mol-1, and it was exothermic reaction and chemical adsorption.
Preparation of Acetic Acid by Hydrothermal Catalytic Oxidation Degradation of Cellulose Simulants
Authors: Guo Xiao Ya , Wang Li Xin , Li Shou Guang , Zhou Bo , Hao Jin Yu
Published: August 2013

A hydrothermal catalytic oxidation degradation process was investigated to improve acetic acid production from cellulose simulants. Filter paper, being a cellulose simulant as the test material, was oxidized in a batch reactor with catalysts. An L16 (45) orthogonal array design (OAD) with five factors at four levels was employed. Of the five, reaction temperature was the most influential for the yield of acetic acid. Afterwards, a series of process optimization experiments were conducted. And a higher yield of acetic acid (28.53%) was obtained under the following conditions: temperature was 320°C; reaction time was 26 min; water consumption was 8 ml; oxidant and catalyst supplied were 0.8% and 0.2% of the raw material respectively.
Study on TCF Bleaching of Reed Displacement Cooking Pulp
Authors: Fan Ting Ting , Han Ying , Sun Guang Wei , Zhou Jing Hui
Published: August 2013

With the improvement of environmental protection requirements, paper-making enterprises are imperative to eliminate pollution directly in production. This paper aims to adopt environment-friendly bleaching method, yield good quality pulp products. Op-Pa-P bleaching process of reed displacement cooking pulp is studied in this paper (O-oxygen, P-hydrogen peroxide, Pa-peracetic acid ). The experimental conditions of Op and Pa stage were optimized respectively. It included oxygen pressure, temperature, time in Op stage and charge of peracetic acid, temperature, time in Pa stage. The results show that the optimal technological conditions of Op are: 0.9Mpa, 100°C, 70min, Op stage can make brightness increase by 57.3%, viscosity decrease by 25% and KMnO4 number reduce to 2.6. Pa stage optimal conditions are Pa charge 1.5%, 70°C, 75min, brightness reached to 79.1 %ISO, KMnO4 number to 1.0, viscosity to 631mL.g-1. The brightness of P bleached pulp reached to 84.8%ISO, viscosity 601 mL.g-1, KMnO4 number 0.8.
Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment on Structural Character of Palygorskite and Adsorption Efficiency for Methylene Blue
Authors: Wu Xue Ping , Liu Cun , Zhang Liang , Zhang Xian Long , Cheng Li Ping
Published: August 2013

Palygorskite is widely used as an adsorbent for all kinds of pollutants in wastewater. The effect of hydrothermal treatment parameters including temperature and time on palygorskite's structural character and its adsorption of methylene blue were studied. The structures of the prepared palygorskite adsorbent were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (IR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The results illustrate that the palygorskite fibers become shorter evidenced by TEM analysis, but there is no obvious destruction of crystal structure in XRD patterns. The BET specific surface area of palygorskite gets the largest after hydrothermal treatment at 110 °C, and then gradually reduces. Correspondingly, the adsorption capacity of methylene blue (MB) on palygorskite increases at 110 °C and then decreases till 250 °C.
A Study on Moulding Technology of Starch-Based Totally-Biodegradable Plastic Products
Authors: Ma Tao
Published: August 2013

Based on monofactorial comparison experiment, the following two excellent technological formations was derived for the production of starch-based totally-biodegradable tray via extruding, pelleting, slicing, and sucking molding: The first formulation: 40% of starch, 12.5% of DOP, 5% of EVA, 15% of polyvinyl alcohol, 20% of talc power and calcium carbonate, and 7.5% of other materials. The material temperature in high-speed kneader was about 90°C, rotation velocity was 600 r/min, kneading duration was 5~10 minutes, diameter of screw stem of extruder was 90 mm, ratio of length versus diameter of screw stem (L/D) was 44, rotation velocity of the screws stem was 40~50 r/min. Temperature in four segments of extruder were 145°C, 155 °C, 150°C, and 160°C respectively, and temperature in extruder head was 170 °C; the material rod extruded was set while passing a cold water bath, and then was cut to pellets whose size was 3 mm×3 mm; the latter was transformed into slices and subject to sucking molding after predrying; temperature of sucking molding was 180~190°C, and sucking molding duration was 15~20 seconds. The second formulation: 60% of starch, 15% of DOP, 5% of PHB, 15% of polyvinyl alcohol, and 5% of other materials. All technological parameters were the same with that for the first formulation. According to the test result of Chinese institute of plastic processing, the biodegradation ratio of the tray made through the above treatment 1 and 2 in 30 days amounted to 54.2% and 70.6% respectively, which showed that a satisfied biodegradation effect was realized.
Fully Interconnected Porous Structure for Realization of Fast Oil-Absorption Resin
Authors: Ma Li Bin , Cai Ning , Luo Xiao Gang , Xue Ya Nan , Zhu San , Yu Fa Quan
Published: August 2013

A fast oil-absorption resin with high pore level was developed by concentrated inverse emulsion polymerization. The oil absorption rate test displayed that only 30 min was needed for the resin to reach absorption saturation. The property was elucidated by the fully interconnected porous structure of the resins. Besides, resins exhibited high oil retention percentage in terms of fast centrifuge speed test and high reusability in terms of the repetitive absorption/desorption test. The effect of different polymerization parameters, such as the amount of initiator, cross-linker and emulsifier, on the oil absorbency was investigated in detail. The experimental results showed that the absorptive capacity of the resin was 8.5 g/g for toluene and 15.8 g/g for chloroform under the optimized conditions. All these features indicate wide practice applications.
Determination of Nitrate Based on the Least Area Value Model in the Ocean
Authors: Shen Ling Ling , Ye Shu Ming , Chen Hang
Published: August 2013

In situ monitoring of nitrate in respect of improvement of accuracy becomes more and more important. The direct spectrophotometer analysis of aqueous nitrates is a simple analytic procedure but prone to interferences. In order to solve this problem, the Least Area Value (LAV) Model for in situ determining nitrate in the ocean is reported. The absorbance response of the LAV model varies linearly with concentrations.Calculations of it are in excellent much higher accuracy than conventional measurement models.And more, it solves the problem without the need to measure the dark current first. This eliminated errors due to changes in the dark current during periods shortly after the instrument was turned on. The noise is nearly random and significant reductions in the detection limit are possible by averaging multiple observations in this model. The measurements were directly taken after dilution of the samples between 0.1μmol/l and 400μmol/l.The model was checked on and applied to real samples .The results show that this approach is suitable for routine field measurements of nitrate, which has achieved the precision of 99% and the stability of 99.5%. The model is simple, rugged. The precision, accuracy and stability of the concentrations are sufficiently used to support for many studies.
Nitrate Reduction Using Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron Supported by Porous Suspended Ceramsite
Authors: Liao Run Hua , Miao Yu , Hong Yan , Li Yue Ming , Shen Zong Yang , Wang Zhu Mei
Published: August 2013

Porous suspended ceramsite (PSC) supported nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI/PSC) were applied to the reductive removal of nitrate to investigate the effects. XRD, SEM and EDS analyses on NZVI/PSC revealed that PSC had loaded some nanoparticles, whose size was about 50 nm. Nitrate reduction rate of NZVI/PSC reached about 80% in 60 min, while the PSC unsupported nanozerovalent iron performed poorly with only 8% removal of the nitrate. Furthmore, during the reactions of NZVI/PSC and PSC with nitrate, for the NZVI/PSC, pH change was the greatest, while the reaction with PSC (this particles shows the lowest reactivity for nitrate reduction) resulted in the least pH change.
Preparation and Characterization of Al & Fe Copillared Rectorite
Authors: Guo Fu Cheng , Zhao Xiao Rong , Chen Ya Lin , Cai Ru Hua , Song Hong Xin , Wang Qi Ming , Huang Ying Ping
Published: August 2013

Aluminum and iron copillared rectorite (Al/Fe-R) was prepared from sodium saturated rectorite (Na-R) by ultrasonic-assisted pillaring with hydroxyalumina and hydroxyiron polycations. The morphology, composite structure, pore properties and light response characteristics of composite material were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), small angle X-ray Diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm and UVvis diffuse reflectance spectrum. The fabricated material retained the layered structure with a slit-shaped pore between the layers of lamellar particles. The interlayer spacingd001was increased successfully from 2.23 nm up to 2.98 nm. The resultant product has a high BET specific surface area of 165 m2g-1and good visible light response. The Al/Fe-R shows the potential to become a good adsorbent and catalyst.
Study on Electrospun-Membrane-Based Filter to Rapidly Remove Reactive Yellow 2 from Wastewater
Authors: Zhang Wen Peng , Wu Da Yong , Wang Ya Kun
Published: August 2013

Uniform highly ordered mesoporous silica nanofiber membrane was successfully prepared onto copper mesh via coaxial electrospinning combining with the solvent evaporation and extraction induced surfactant assembly process. After a high temperature treatment and amination, it was employed to remove reactive yellow 2 (RY2) in wastewater showing remarkable adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity can reach up to 371.7 mg/g. The structural properties of synthesized mesoporous silica were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). And the adsorption behavior of prepared material was analyzed through three kinds of isotherm models.
Study on Preparation of Activated Carbon Precursor from Medium Temperature Coal Tar Pitch
Authors: Ouyang Shu Guang , Xu Rong Guang
Published: August 2013

In order to explore the optimal method to prepare high performance activated carbon precursors from medium temperature coal tar pitch, orthogonal tests are adopted to study the effects of oxygen-blowing time in the pretreatment process as well as carbonization temperature and carbonization time in activation and carbonization processes on the adsorption capacities of activated carbon. Moreover, the effects of additives (coke powder and anionic surfactant) on the adsorption capacities of activated carbon are examined. The results show that the factors affecting the adsorption capacities of pitch-based activated carbon, in order of importance, are carbonization temperature, oxygen-blowing time, carbonization time and additives. The optimal conditions for preparation of activated carbon precursor from medium temperature pitch are: 4h for oxygen-blowing time, 400°C for carbonization temperature, 60 minutes for carbonization time and no additives. The iodine absorption capacity of the prepared activated carbon precursor which is activated for 100 min at 800°C is 1739mg/g.
Absorption Behavior of a Modified Cellulose Hydrogel for both Fluoride and Arsenic
Authors: Meng Ling Die , Wu Min , Tian Ye , Kuga Shigenori , Huang Yong
Published: August 2013

This work reports a cationic modified cellulose hydrogel for fluoride and arsenic adsorption. This adsorbent had a high efficiency in removal of F-, AsO2- and AsO43- simultaneously from aqueous solutions, even at low initial concentrations. Adsorption kinetics showed the relatively rapid rate to reach equilibrium, as could be explained by the pseudo-second-order model and the intraparticle diffusion model within 20 min before the equilibrium. Freundlich model could fit the adsorption process best, and the results showed the improved arsenic adsorption performances especially for AsO43-, much larger than other reported absorbents.
Oxygen Enrichment through Mini-Scale Rotary Six-Bed Pressure Swing Adsorption
Authors: Ding Li Qun , Shu Peng Cheng
Published: August 2013

This paper presents the structure for a rotary six-bed adsorber that carries out a six-step PSA continuous oxygen generation process with a short cycle time and a low operation pressure ratio. The working principle of a rotary six-bed PSA oxygen generator is introduced and the effects of various operating parameters on PSA performance are experimentally investigated. The results indicate that, the adsorption pressure increases with the reduction of rotating speed and decreases with the lowering of the feed flow rate; with the acceleration of rotating velocity, the oxygen purity of the gas produced first rises and then drops, and it has an optimum rotating velocity; the higher the feed flow rate, the lower the oxygen purity of the product; the ratio of the pressurization angle to the adsorption angle has a remarkable effect on the oxygen purity with the oxygen purity increasing according to the condition of keeping the angle of the feeding ring groove and with the increase in this ratio; and the long-purging time at a low purging-gas flow rate is appropriate for miniature apparatus.
Sandstorms' Influence and Prevention Countermeasures for Residents' Health in Baicheng City
Authors: Cui Hong Yan
Published: August 2013

Sandstorm is a severe weather, interacting with wind and sand, which is more harmful to human health. Sandstorm happens quite frequently in Baicheng city. This paper finds out the causes of sandstorm formation and adopts the form of questionnaire to analyze the sandstorms' harm to the residents health in Baicheng city. And then it comes up with the corresponding countermeasures.
The Effects of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) on Proliferation of Mouse Leydig Cells In Vitro
Authors: Zhang De Yong , Xu Xiao Lu , Shen Xiu Ying , Wang Li , Lu Yin , Xu Hui Ying , Hao Fei Lin , Hu Wen Lang
Published: August 2013

To evaluate the male reproductive toxicity of PFOS on mammal animals at cellular level, mouse leydig cells were isolated from healthy mouse testis tissue and cultured in vitro. Adherent cells were treated with a serial concentration of PFOS for 4 more days of culture. Proliferation and DNA damage of the cells were analyzed by CCK assay and SCGE assay respectively. Forty-eight hours of treating with PFOS≧25μg/mL all inhibited the proliferation of the cells (p<0.05). PFOS seemed not to change the time for the cells to reach platform phase. DNA damage was also observed in the groups treated with PFOS dependent on dose and exposure time. The highest DNA damage level was averagely 17 cells per well in 96-well plates, which occurred to 62.5μg/mL group at 72h.
A Simplified Methodology for Quantitative Risk Analysis of the Domino Effects in Hazardous Area
Authors: Mu Qing , Luo Yun , Cheng Wu Yi
Published: August 2013

A seven-step method for risk analysis that is directed towards domino accidents has been put forward in the light of the characteristics of domino effects in the present essay. it is a systematic procedure for the quantitative assessment of the risk caused by domino effects. By adopting the method, the propagation function of failure equipment in domino accidents chain is analyzed, so the resulting risk of potential domino accidents can be obtained through quantitative risk analysis, subsequently, the contribution of domino effects to potential life loss, individual and social risk is calculated.
Investigation and Study on Environmental Radioactive Background in Xinchang and Jijicao Rock of Beishan Preselected Region for HLW Disposal Repository in China
Authors: Qiu Guo Hua
Published: August 2013

On the basis of field environmental investigation and monitoring, the environmental radioactivity background of Xinchang and Jijicao rock in Beishan preselected region has been preliminary investigated and studied, and the public dose from local natural background radiation is estimated which can provide basic data and information for environmental impact assessment and safety assessment of HLW(the high level radioactive waste) disposal repository in the future. From the result of investigation and study, the environmental radioactivity of Xinchang and Jijicao rock is generally within normal natural background. The effective dose to local resident from natural background radiation is 2.110 mSv/a by internal and external exposure.
Large Ship Cabins Fire Prevention and Fire Safety Evaluation Method
Authors: Chen Yan Fei , Zhuang Shuang , Yang Liang , Feng Zhi Wei
Published: August 2013

Aiming at the fire type and evolution of large ship cabins, a fire risk analysis method of large ship cabins based on fire scene analysis was established, which is basing on the International Maritime Organization (IMO) SOLAS Convention and International fire procedures (FTP ) by combining Chinas ship cabins fire protection technology and fire safety management features. The purpose is to improve technical level of the fire risk management and fireproof disposal basing on fire prevention with warning disposal by dynamic risk management of ship cabins fire hazard and fire control technology.
Research on Dust Suppression of a Copper Mine Underground Middle Level Crushing Station
Authors: Duan Zong Yin
Published: August 2013

With long-term mining and new orebodies proved to be in the deep, the dust concentration of each mine underground operation site increased sharply, which is a serious threat to safety and health of workers in workspace. In this paper, a high pressure spray technology was put forward for dedusting on a mine underground middle crushing station[, and achieved the desired dedusting effect.
Study on Active Safety Training Methods in Coal Industry
Authors: Liu Hong Yi , Guan Hai He , Zhao Zhi Yan
Published: August 2013

In the process of coal production in China, people's unsafe behaviour is the main factor in the system safety. Therefore, the key work in the safety management of coal mine enterprises is reducing or eliminating the unsafe behaviour of people. To solve the injury problems of coal mine enterprises and achieve intrinsic safety, we must carry out effective safety training and management so that employees can transform from the "want me to safety" to "I want safety", make safety management active in coal mine production and achieve fundamental safe production. How to train the ability of "independent safety" should be said that a new direction, the traditional way often emphasis on instilling knowledge and skills training. To stimulate employees' awareness of "I want safety" is still a difficult problem which has no system method and theory yet. This paper aims to study these questions and try to provide some new methods and ideas to improve coal mine safety training.
Grid Lagrange Stability Analysis Based on Chaos Analysis
Authors: Luo Cai Lian , Qi Huan , Huang Xun Ccheng
Published: August 2013

The power system is a typical non-linear system, of which the influencing factors are complex. The existing power system stability analysis methods can only determine whether the system into chaos, and deem chaos unstable. The development of the science of chaos has opened up a new way for the power system stability analysis. First, chaotic time series based on the power system calculate the largest Lyapunov exponent of the power system time series by the use of C-C method in the chaos theory and reconstruction of phase space. Then it identifies Chaos according to the largest Lyapunov exponent. Finally, it determines whether the power system is the Lagrange stability according to the size of the index combined with systemic phase diagram. The analysis of actual power system simulation proved that it is feasible to use chaos theory to analyze the stability of the grid Lagrange.