bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on System Complexity of Mega Infrastructure Projects System – Taking Wuhan East Lake Channel Project as Case Study
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhou Man , Chen Kai Man
Published: December 2014

The mega-infrastructure projects system complexity will increase along with the growing rate of stakeholders` quantity, changeable construction environment and multidisciplinary technical implementation. The research aims to analyze the characteristics of this kind of projects progress in the time dimension and evaluate the complexity of the mega infrastructure project system. The complexity evaluation system including 18 measurement indicators is proposed based on the theory of complex system and the structural equation model are applied to be calculated the solution which indicated the key factors and measurement of the mega-infrastructure projects. The conclusion has been drawn and tested by the Wuhan East Lake Channel Project as case study which showed that the measure index and the evaluation model can be applied in evaluating complexity of the mega-infrastructural projects scientifically.
The Research and Application of the Evaluation Model of Work Safety Standardization’s Rank in Enterprise
Authors: Xie Zhen Hua , Li Jing , Chen Xi
Published: December 2014

In order to evaluate the rank of work safety standardization in enterprise in a scientific and reasonable way, the evaluation index system of the rank of work safety standardization in enterprise is established in this paper. G1 method is used to set the degree of every index. This paper establishes an evaluation model of the rank of work safety standardization in enterprise by combining the extension theory with the evaluation of the rank of work safety standardization in enterprise. On this basis, this thesis takes Shou Yun Mining Industry Co., Ltd as an example and evaluates its rank of work safety standardization. The result is in agreement with the enterprise’s real situation, which indicates that this rank-evaluation model is scientific and with practical value. This model is well-worth being applied and popularized.
The Influence of Different Reynolds Number on Flow across Three Tandem Cylinders with Different Diameter
Authors: Gao Xing Jie , Zhang Hong Qing , Dai Hui Chao , Rong Gui Wen
Published: December 2014

Flow around a circular cylinder is a classical problem in fluid mechanics. The flowing problem about three tandem cylinders with different diameter is numerical simulated by a finite volume method. Through the simulation, the variations of flow field with different distance between the adjacent cylinder and different Reynolds number are investigated. The simulation result shows that three tandem cylinders with different diameter can evidently small columns minish width and aggrandize length of cylinder wakes compared with single cylinder.
New Catalysts of Methanol Oxidation into Formaldehyde
Authors: Zaripova A.A. , Yemelyanova V.S. , Dossumova B.T. , Shakiyeva T.V. , Dzhatkambayeva U.N. , Aybasov E.Zh. , Shakiyev E.M.
Published: December 2014

The results of methanol oxidation to formaldehyde at the presence of iron-molybdenum catalyst fixed on silicate matrix are introduced for the first time. The elaborated catalyst is stable through time and does not depend on the methanol content at input in the learnt interval of temperatures (270-400oC). СН2О output fluctuates from 94.8 to 98.2% at selectivity on formaldehyde from 97.3 to 100%.
The Modified Design on the Cantilever Machine Supporting the Roof Frame Anchor System
Authors: Li Yan Biao , Zhao Zhi Min , Wang Yan Yan , Zhang Jia Xuan , Yang Ze Sheng
Published: December 2014

Basedon the present situation of the domestic comprehensive tunneling temporary supporting technology, machine support and temporary support device is researched. This paper is on the basis of the previous design simple optimization.The design enhances temporary support level and improves its ability to support for a long time, in some extent, increases the strength of roof support. The optimization is described in detail.By adding a hydraulic cylinder,it can make each lever own supporting ability and ensure support stability. Organizationstructure and three dimensional graphics are drawn in the paper.The force analysis is carried. Finally appropriate position is determined.
Research of Dynamic Compaction: A Review of Recent Academic Literature
Authors: Xu Bin Bin , Zhang Rui Qi , Ye Guo Liang
Published: December 2014

Dynamic compaction is one of the densification techniques of ground improvement and extensive theoretical, experimental and in-situ tests have been used to clarify its mechanism. In this paper, a literature review about the dynamic compaction is carried out and the emphasis is put on the reinforcement mechanism, effective reinforcement depth and influence range of vibration to give a reference for the ongoing researches of dynamic compaction method.
Experimental Study on Depletion Development Mechanism in Low Permeability Gas Reservoir
Authors: Shao Zhao Yuan , Xiong Wei , Gao Shu Sheng , Ye Li You , Sun Jie Wen
Published: December 2014

In order to study the development characteristics of low permeability gas reservoirs, long cores sampled from natural outcrop are selected to carry out depletion development experiments by using two development modes, namely constant production and constant pressure development modes. The results show: when the average flow rate is equal to bottomhole pressure,constant production development mode is adopted, reservoir pressure drops evenly and gas produces stably. Therefore, its requirements for gas production equipment are relatively low, although its recovery percent is 2% lower than that when constant pressure development mode is adopted. Moreover, when constant production development mode is adopted, the higher the flow rate, the shorter the stable production period and lower the recovery percent. The fitted experimental data shows that the gas well may get reasonable production which is stability and high efficiency when produced in 20%~30% of AFO.
A Peg-Top Oriented Thermal Conductive Structure of Asphalt Pavement for Improving Urban Microclimate
Authors: Du Yin Fei , Wang Sheng Yue
Published: December 2014

In order to reduce the road surface temperature and improve the efficiency of heatconduction within the pavement, a peg-top oriented heat conduction structure(POCS) was designed. Meanwhile, two indexes, the peak temperature at the roadsurface and accumulated solar radiation absorption, of the structure werecompared with those of the contrast structure. Results showed that the peaktemperature at the road surface was reduced by 4.4°C, and the accumulated solarradiation absorption was increased by 11.3%. These suggest that the POCS canrelease less heat to atmosphere and absorb more solar radiation, and isexpected to be applied to urban roads to mitigate the urban heat island effect
Strength Properties of Aluminum Strips Subjected to Complex KOBO Deformation
Authors: Bochniak Wlodzimierz , Lagoda Marek , Brzostowicz Adelajda , Prokopowicz Mateusz
Published: December 2014

Aluminum strips were subjected to a new complex KOBO deformation process, comprising joined operations of rolling, compression and extrusion within a single act (pass) under the conditions of cyclic changes of the deformation path. Tensile tests of strips deformed in this way have revealed their potential for attaining high strength properties. Electronomicroscopic observations show that the strips consist of well-recovered ~ 1μm subgrains with a low dislocation density.Clusters of point defects – the presence of which in products obtained through „cold” extrusion by the KOBO method is considered as the reason for the high mechanical properties of metals and alloys [1,2] - were not identified.
Regional Allocation for Carbon Emissions in Power System Based on Carbon Emission Efficiency and Energy Structure
Authors: Li Ji Yuan , Zhou Hao
Published: December 2014

China has become the largest carbon emitter in the world since 2008 for its coal dominated energy structure, which has attracted both economic and political attention from international society. This paper proposes a responsibility sharing principle for carbon emissions considering carbon emission efficiency and energy structure, which tries to promote the regional cooperation for carbon reduction among different regions on the domestic level. The case studies on China’?s six-region carbon flow network prove the effectiveness of proposed sharing principle.
Reliability Enhancement in the 60 V Power pLDMOS by a Bulk-FOD Engineering
Authors: Chen Shen Li , Chang Shawn , Huang Yu Ting , Chang Shun Bao
Published: December 2014

This work is focused on the 0.25 μm 60 V high-voltage pLDMOS deviceswhich will be integrated with an FOD structure in the bulk region, and its ESD protection ability is improved by using this architecture. It is found that as an FOD element adding, the FOD area ratio is increased, It2value will be enhanced too. However, as the FOD area ratio is increased, the Vt1value of thecorresponding sample is not changed so much about a range of 1 ~ 2V; at thesame time the Ronvalue will be declined, which were due to a uniformconduction phenomenon. From the experimental data,it is revealed that the It2value improved 15.4%, and Ronvaluedecreased about 8.6%.
A Study about Security of Wind Turbine Foundation in Different Width and Height Ratios
Authors: Xu Shi Jie , Fan You Hua , Wang Zhen Kun
Published: December 2014

Width and height ratio is a characteristic geometry feature of wind turbine foundations. This study establishes the relationship between security of wind turbine foundations and their width and height ratios. There are a number of works on checking wind turbines, however, limited works about how the width and height ratio influences the structure were conducted. This paper provides fifteen models of three different shapes, five circular foundations, five hexagon foundations and five triangle foundations. Data from a wind farm in Guizhou, China, is used to calculate the main wind loads acted on wind turbine structures. Then key factors concerning with security of foundations were obtained. And they were put together so that it is easy for us to find their relationships. The results show foundations have different performance at different ratios. It’s change laws were so clear, security of foundations is improved by the increasing of width and height ratio. On the other hand, hexagon and triangle foundations were certificated suitable for general projects.
Research and Application of XML-Based Web Data Mining
Authors: Yang Dan
Published: December 2014

Popularity of the network is based on the transmission of information, with the development of electronic information technology, the degree of data in the information society continues to deepen, if we want to get wanted or useful information from the mass of information, it must be on the Web information mining. Before, information data used HTML language, its structure is poor, Web data mining is difficult to meet the needs of the job search. In this context, XML language emerges, and it has a good level and structure, and can organize web pages information better, plays a good role in data mining, largely changing the various deficiencies in HTML language. This paper first introduces XML and Web data mining, and analyzes XML-based Web data mining applications on this basis.
An Interpolation-Based Method for Multidimensional Extrapolation
Authors: Shi Ru Chao , Li Yong Chi
Published: December 2014

This paper presents an interpolation-based method for multidimensional extrapolation. A series of interpolation formulations are proposed to extrapolate functions normal to the interface between two regions. Theoretical proofs and relevant analysis are also presented. The method developed maintains the characteristics of implicit interface. The interface inside every cell is treated smoothly by assuming that curvature is equal everywhere. The method developed and numerical results are verified by comparing to the results by PDE method and theoretical results. Numerical tests demonstrate that the method developed is first-order accuracy and also more efficient in numerical implementation and more accurate than PDE method.
The Principle and Application of Plasma Surface Treatment Technology
Authors: Yuan Fang Yuan
Published: December 2014

The emergence of plasma surface treatment technology, not only improved the product performance, increase the production efficiency, with the rapid development of high-tech industries. This paper mainly introduces the principle of plasma surface modification, and emphatically expounds the plasma surface treatment technology in process industry and important application in the field of medical treatment.
The Form and Application of New Visual Design Based on Digital Media
Authors: Gao Yuan
Published: December 2014

The new visual design is a visual design forms a channel of communication and computer software tool based on digital media. Compared with the traditional visual design manifestation, new visual design not only has the stereoscopic effect, also has interactive and multi-dimensional display, is a new form of digital media design based on visual performance.
Optimization Inversion of the Micro-Properties of Bonded Particle Model in PFC Based on the Asynchronous Particle Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Xu Lei , Ren Qing Wen
Published: December 2014

The calibration of micro-properties of bonded particle model (BPM) is usually artificially accomplished by the means of trial and error which has some intrinsic drawbacks such as high time consumption, arbitrariness, uncontrolled accuracy, etc. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the optimization inversion method based on the asynchronous particle swarm algorithm is proposed to estimate the micro-properties of BPM in PFC. The optimization model is firstly established by formulating the objective function and related constraint conditions, and then the procedure of optimization inversion is presented. Furthermore, a FORTRAN program called PIBPM is developed for the realization of the proposed method. The feasibility of the proposed method and the correctness of PIBPM are verified through an application example.
Realization of Optional Method of Determining the Concrete's Freeze-Thaw Resistance with Help of Dilatometer
Authors: Pertseva Olga , Nikolskiy Sergey
Published: December 2014

It’s really necessary to determine freeze-thaw resistance of concrete faster and correctly.The offered method is based on measurement of long strength by nondestructive method, based onacoustic issue. Also dilatometer is used. During this research, the theoretical analysis of concrete'sspecimen dependence on freeze-thaw resistance and energy, which is emitted by a specimen duringdestruction, has been carried out. Freeze-thaw resistance of a specimen is calculated as themathematical relation of these energies. Correctness of the offered method is proved byexperiments. The offered method is characterized by small labor input, high efficiency and a wideapplication scope, but special laboratory equipment is needed.
Study on Preparation and Properties of APP Filled Flame Retardant Silicone Rubber Composites
Authors: Liu Yu Qi , Wang Jin Cheng
Published: December 2014

A flame-retardant room-temperature vulcanizated silicone rubber (RTV) was prepared with the addition of APP. The effect of different amount of APP on flame retardance, tensile properties, and thermal stability of RTV were studied.Results showed that RTV/APP composites possessed better flame-retardant behaviour, better initial thermal stability, but worse tensile properties.
Comparison of Bond Strength of Silicon-Silica and Silicon-Pyrex in Wafer Bonding
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Hafiz Ab , Sauli Zaliman , Retnasamy Vithyacharan , Kamarudin Hussin , Wan Norhaimi Wan Mokhdzani , Palianysamy Moganraj
Published: December 2014

This paper reports on the bond strength comparison between silicon and different glass based materials via anodic bonding approach. The two types of glass based surface used were silica and pyrex. Silicon will be placed on the positive terminal and glass based materials will be placed on the negative terminal. Experiments were carried out using an in-house designed anodic bonder and the bond strength were measured using a bond strength tester. The anodic approach process was done in two sets which are before and after the cleaning process for each sample. For every set, there are three different bonding partners, which are silicon with silica, and silicon with Pyrex. From the results, it can be seen that almost all samples showed higher bond strength after the cleaning process. Silicon pyrex with bonding shows the highest bond strength compared to that with silicon-silica due to the presence of sodium ions. The effects of cleaning process with RCA towards the bond strength was also investigated.
Vibration of Laminated Composite Plates by Generalized Multiquadrics with Optimal Shape Parameter and Exponent
Authors: Chen Ying Tao , Xiang Song , Zhao Wei Ping
Published: December 2014

Meshless collocation method based on generalized multiquadrics radial basis function is used to study the free vibration of simply supported laminated composite plates. The generalized multiquadric radial basis function g=[r2+c2]q has the exponent q and shape parameter c that play an important role in the accuracy of the approximation. Genetic algorithm is utilized to optimize the shape parameter and exponent of generalized multiquadrics radial basis function. The natural frequencies of simply supported laminated composite plates are calculated using the generalized multiquadrics with optimal shape parameter, exponent and compared with the analytical solutions.
Control Law and Simulation Analysis of Vertical Take-Off and Landing Stage of Tilt Rotor Aircraft
Authors: Zhang Yuan Qi , Zhao Wei Ping , Xiang Song
Published: December 2014

This paper utilized the genetic algorithm to optimize the PID controller of vertical take-off and landing stage of tilt rotor aircraft. According to the features of stability control of vertical take-off and landing stage of tilt rotor aircraft, system ascend time, steady error, and weighted overshoot are chosen as objective function of optimization. Simulation results show that PID controller designed by the genetic algorithm possess the excellent flexibility, adaptability and can produce the better control effect.
The Effection of Discharge Current on Hydrogen Plasma in the Cascaded Arc
Authors: Li Jiang Long , Hao Hong Lei
Published: December 2014

In this paper, we use PLASIMO to investigate the effect of discharge current on hydrogen plasma in the cascaded arc, the effects of discharge current on plasma properties were investigated. temperature, conductivity, and the distribution of electron density along the symmetry axis of hydrogen plasma is analyzed in the simulation area. The simulation results show that plasma temperature is 0.9503×104, 1.09862×104, 1.26675×104, 1.65102×104 K in the symmetry axis when the discharge current is 35, 50, 75 and 100A, meanwhile, electric conductivity is 1738.03, 2272.72, 2819.86, 3820.73 s/m.
Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Progress of Hawthorn Leaves Extract
Authors: Guo Qi , Ye Pei Zhi , Qi Xiang Hui , Tian Xin , Yang Ao Ran , Wang Ping , Fang Li , Guo Jie , Wang Zhi Guo , Xu Hua Xi
Published: December 2014

Hawthorn is a traditional Chinese medicine and has the effect of improving digestion and activating circulation to remove blood stasis. The present study indicates that extract of hawthorn leaf has the effects of lipid regulation, anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-atherosclerosis, cardiotonic and so on. Because of comprehensive treatment effects and less side effects, hawthorn leaves is becoming the research hotspot.
The Study of Nickel on Copper Nitride Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Li Xing Ao , Yang Rong , Liu Wen Jie , Han Jia , Yang Jian Bo , Yang Jian Ping , Yang Tao , Gu Min Fen
Published: December 2014

Ni-doped copper nitride films have been prepared by co-sputtering of Ni and Cu targets. The addition of Ni to Cu3N films reduced the intensity of the (111) diffraction peak, and lead a little angular shifts of the peaks. The films showed a large difference in reflectance in the infrared and visible before and after thermal decomposition, which is applicable to optical recording media. The films change from a semiconductor to a conductor with the increased ratio of Ni in Cu3N films.
Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Si-Ti Polymer/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites
Authors: Yuan Xin Hua , Han Li Yin , Su Qiu , Guo Wen Hua , Xu Hong Xing , Zhang Qian , Chen Yan Qiu , Cheng Jie , Sun Kang , Chen Xin Lei
Published: December 2014

Using methyl triethoxysilane, tetrabutyl titanate and ethyl acetoacetate as raw materials, the Si-Ti polymer was synthesized to prepare Si-Ti polymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites. The effects of OMMT content on the impact properties and barrier performance of nanocomposites were investigated. The results show that with the increasing of OMMT content, the impact properties of nanocomposites are improved significantly. The impact strength of nanocomposite with 10wt% OMMT is about twice times than that without OMMT. The gas barrier properties of nanocomposites are also improved significantly. Compared with pure Si-Ti polymer, the water absorption of nanocomposite with 6wt% OMMT is decreased by 60.3%.
Effect of Nano-Magnesium on the Thermal Decomposition of PTFE
Authors: Liu Lu , Ren Hui , Jiao Qing Jie
Published: December 2014

Due to high reaction activity and high combustion heat release, magnesium is widely used in the field of explosives. The research focus of this article is the effect of magnesium powder size and content on the thermal decomposition of PTFE. Two different particle sizes of magnesium powder are regarded as research objects. The thermal behavior of Mg/PTFE energetic system was investigated by TG-DSC analyzer. The experimental results show that magnesium has a catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of PTFE. With the increase of magnesium content , the decomposition peak temperature of PTFE decreased firstly and when passed the ratio 50% increased, the best mixing ratio is Mg: PTFE =50:50. Within nanopowder, the activation energy of PTFE decreased by 150kJ∙mol-1 compared to 112 kJ∙mol-1 by mixing with micro powder. Obviously nanopowder has a better reactivity than micro powder, so has a more obvious catalytic effect.
Improved Low Temperature Solution Synthesis of Silicon Nanoparticles for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Ye Chuan , Yang Guang , Zhao Rui , Xue Wei Dong
Published: December 2014

Silicon nanoparticles have extraordinary electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries. This paper gives an improved low temperature solution synthesis route of Si NPs. Reduced by magnesium and then passivated by four kinds of amines/amides respectively, stable yellow Si NPs ranging from 5-50 nm were prepared. When passivated by N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, grape-like aggregation of 5-20 nm particles were generated. FTIR, XRD, SEM and Electrochemical Characterization were performed to confirm the product. The Si NPs passivated by NMP achieve good electrochemical performance with a first discharge capacity of 1154 mAhg-1at a current density of 200 mAg-1and good capacity retention of 95.3% after 5 cycles.
Preparation of Zinc Phthalocyanine-Calcium Alginate Gel Beads and its Use for Photocatalytic Oxidation Decolorization of Methyl Orange
Authors: Xu Min Hong , Chen Hai Feng , Pan Guo Xiang , Tang Pei Song
Published: December 2014

A supported photocatalyst zinc phthalocyanine-calcium alginate gel beads (Zn-MPc-SA) was prepared through the mixture of water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine (Zn-MPc) and sodium alginate was drip into 5% (w/v) CaCl2 solution. The Zn-MPc-SA was characterized by IR. Methyl orange was selected as a substrate to investigate the photocatalytic activity of Zn-MPc-SA. The results shown that: the surplus of methyl orange was 22.05% at the condition of pH 3, methyl orange 10mg/L 25mL, H2O2 50μL, Zn-MPc-SA 0.1460g and visible light irradiation for 3h. Zn-MPc-SA remains efficient in repetitive test cycles with no obvious degradation of catalytic activity. The reaction mechanism was likely to involve free hydroxyl radicals.
Effects of Different Ligands Value on the Synthesis of FePO4 Precursor
Authors: Mu Long Fei , Li Song , Cui Yun Long
Published: December 2014

This FePO4 precursor was synthesized from Fe (NO3)3·9H2O, NH4H2PO4 ,different ligands by liquid precipitation route. Effects of different ligands value on the synthesis of FePO4 precursor were studied. The phrase, structure and morphology of FePO4 were characterized by XRD and SEM . The results showed that the structure and morphology of composite materials are dependence on synthesis process and complexant. After being added with different ligands, FePO4 precursor’s morphologies have significant differences. Iron phosphate can produce the pure phase after calcinations. Keep it under 85°C for three hours after adding the citric acid and ammonium oxalate by liquid phase precipitation.When the concentration is 1.0 mol/L, PH = 1.5 ,we get flaky microspheres which are about 8 um. After being calcinated under 700°C for 2 hours, we get pure iron phosphate finally. The properties of micro ball with high specific surface area and tap density make FePO4 precursor has important applications in many ways.
Study on the Preparation of Starch-Based Polyampholyte and Slow Release Performance
Authors: Meng Ping Rui , Li Liang Bo
Published: December 2014

The starch-based polyampholyte (SPAM) was synthesized by graft copolymerization of starch with acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA). The structural and chemical characteristics of the product, as well as its efficiency in slowing the nitrogen release and water evaporation in soil were examined. The slow-release effect of SPAM was better than starch, starch-g-SPAC (Sodium polyacrylate) and starch-g-PVAC (Polyvinyl ammonium chloride) for urea release, particularly when the pH of SPAM solution was equal to 5(approached or equaled to isoelectric point, IEP). These studies showed that the product with good slow-release and being environmentally friendly is biodegradable carrier materials.
Effect of Temperature on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of 304L Austenitic Stainless Steels in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Huang Liu Yi , Zhu Huai Qiu , Zhang Fang Fang , Wang Xiao Wei
Published: December 2014

A slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) test was carried out to investigate the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of the sensitized 304L austenitic stainless steels (ASSs) in alkaline solution (0.5M NaOH). Mechanical properties and fracture morphology evolutions of the 304L ASSs were studied as a function of temperature through slow speed tensile tester and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the tensile strength and percentage elongation after fracture significantly reduced as the test temperature rose. Fractographic examination revealed both ductile and brittle fracture features for the specimens tested in different environments. However, the proportion of brittle fracture characteristics changed with the temperature.
Low-Temperature Co-Fired Behavior of ZMT Dielectric Ceramic and NZC Ferrite Composites
Authors: Zhou Kai Xuan , Liu Xiang Chun , Feng Xue Li , Yang Yang , Zuo Chen Guang
Published: December 2014

Adopting laminated dry pressure molding process, the HH2 (mixing powder of (Zn0.7, Mg0.3)TiO3(ZMT3) and (Ni0.8Zn0.12Cu0.12)Fe1.96O4(NZC) in weight ratio of 1:1) and (Zn0.9, Mg0.1)TiO3(ZMT1) were designed to be interlayer, which was co-fired with ZMT3((Zn0.7, Mg0.3)TiO3) and NZC((Ni0.8Zn0.12Cu0.12)Fe1.96O4) at 900°C to synthesize layer composition. The study of interfacial microstructure SEM and diffusion mechanism shows that the co-fired layer composition could alleviate the interfacial stress and eliminate warp defects resulting from the co-fired process. The interfacial diffusion behavior of co-fired layer composition was researched，which provide a promising solution of warp and distortion resulting from different materials co-fired process.
Up-Conversion White Emission of β-NaYbF4:0.1%Tm3+,0.1%Er3+ under 980 nm Excitation
Authors: Pang Tao , Chen Jing Jing , Lin Yun Xia , Shen Yu Ting , Zhao Min Er , Gu Ju Guan
Published: December 2014

Rare-earth doped β-NaYbF4upconversion phosphors were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal procedure. It is found that under 980 nm excitation β-NaYbF4:0.1%Tm are more efficient than β-NaYF4:20%Yb,0.1% that is known as one of the most effective upconversion materials. The unusual result may be related to the particles size. After introducing 0.1%Er3+into the NaYbF4:0.1%Tm lattice, the upconversion white emission with color coordinate of (0.3016,0.3748) is obtained. The investigation of achieving mechanism indicates that besides the energy transfer from Yb3+to Tm3+and Er3+, respectively, there exists a new energy transfer process:3F2,3(Tm3+) +4I11/2(Er3+) →3F4(Tm3+) +2H11/2/4S3/2(Er3+).
Recent Progress of Zn2SnO4-Based Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wang D.T. , Zhou G.S. , Li J.W. , Dua Y.C. , Zhang X.X.
Published: December 2014

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted extensive attention owning to their simple preparation prcess, low cost, and relatively high energy conversion efficiency. At present, most researches are focused on TiO2-based DSSC and high powder conversion efficiency of over 12.3% has been obtained. As a potential candidate, Zn2SnO4has drawn increasing attention for DSSCs due to its attractive electrical and optical properties (Eg = 3.6 eV, electron mobility of 10–15 cm2V-1s-1). In this article, we maily reviewed the recent progress of Zn2SnO4-based DSSCs and put forward ideas for designing new Zn2SnO4materials in future application for DSSCs.
Recent Development and Performance of LiFePO4 Material
Authors: Wang Yu Guang , Liu Guo Dong , Zhuo Jin Long , Dai Xiao Qing
Published: December 2014

The present work reviewed the recent development of preparing LiFePO4materials. Solid state method, liquid state method and some rising method were included. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods were compared. And research direction and developing prospect of LiFePO4material were pointed out.
Influence of Fabrication Parameter on the Nanostructure of SiNWs under HF/AgNO3/Fe(NO3)3 Etching System
Authors: Xiao Yong Yin , Chen Xiu Hua , Ma Wen Hui , Li Shao Yuan , Li Yu Ping , He Jia Li , Li Jiao , Zhang Hui
Published: December 2014

Large-area SiNWs has been successfully fabricated through one-step metal-assisted chemical etching process at room temperature. The effects of key fabrication parameters (AgNO3 concentration, Fe (NO3)3 concentration, and etching time) on the nanostructure SiNWs were carefully investigated by SEM, TEM, respectively. The results show that AgNO3 concentration and Fe (NO3)3 concentration play important roles to the lengths and arrangements of SiNWs arrays in one-step MACE. The morphological transition of Si surfaces from solid nanowires to porous nanowires can be found with increasing AgNO3 concentration and Fe (NO3)3 concentration, which indicates that the re-dissolved Ag+ would work as the main oxidative species for oxidizing the silicon substrate and forming SiNWs in the HF/ AgNO3/ Fe (NO3)3 etching system. The length of SiNWs is increased with increasing AgNO3 concentration from 0.005 mol/L to 0.02 mol/L and etching time, the chemical polish phoenomenon can be observed when the Fe (NO3)3 concentration increases to 0.5 mol/L. A novel mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of SiNWs in HF/ AgNO3/ Fe (NO3)3 solution.
Giant Magnetoimpedance in Fe73.5Cu1Nb2V1Si13.5B9 Nanocrystalline Ribbons
Authors: Hu Huai Gu , Hao Yang Ming , Gao Chun Jing , Wu Yan Zhao , Liang Fei Fei
Published: December 2014

In the present work, the giant magnetoimpedance effect has been found in Fe73.5Cu1Nb2V1Si13.5B9nanocrystalline ribbons. The optimum annealing temperature for obtaining largest GMI is about 550°C. Fe73.5Cu1Nb2V1Si13.5B9with average grain size of 15 nm after annealing at 550°C for 30 min presents a magnetoimpedance of-74% at 700 kHz under H=90 Oe. The MI effect at high frequency is due to the change of Z via the variation of permeability or the penetration depth under the external field. The positive magnetoimpedance ΔZ/Z is 36% and positive magnetoresistance ΔR/R is 79% at H= 10 Oe and f=5MHz. We observe a huge magnetoreactance ΔX/X of –375% at a very low frequency of 50 kHz, which is a magnetoinduction effect due to the movement of domain wall. The smaller GMI for nanocrystalline Fe73.5Cu1Nb2V1Si13.5B9ribbons annealed above 550°C is mainly connected with the decrease of permeability due to the precipitation of Fe2B phase in ribbons. Our results show that the partial substitution of expensive Nb by cheap V in FeCuNbSiB could be a successful way to prepare the GMI materials with high performance and low cost.
TRIF-Dependent Innate Immune Activation Is Critical for Survival to Neonatal Gram-Negative Sepsis
Authors: Cuenca Alex G. , Joiner Dallas N. , Gentile Lori F. , Cuenca Angela L. , Wynn James L. , Kelly-Scumpia Kindra M. , Scumpia Philip O. , Behrns Kevin E. , Efron Philip A. , Nacionales Dina , Lui Chao , Wallet Shannon M. , Reeves Westley H. , Mathews Clayton E. , Moldawer Lyle L.
Published: December 2014

Current evidence suggests that neonatal immunity is functionally distinct from adults. Although TLR signaling through the adaptor protein, MyD88, has been shown to be critical for survival to sepsis in adults, little is known about the role of MyD88 or TRIF in neonatal sepsis. We demonstrate that TRIF−/− but not MyD88−/− neonates are highly susceptible to Escherichia coli peritonitis and bacteremia. This was associated with decreased innate immune recruitment and function. Importantly, we found that the reverse was true in adults that MyD88−/− but not TRIF−/− or wild-type adults are susceptible to E. coli peritonitis and bacteremia. In addition, we demonstrate that TRIF but not MyD88 signaling is critical for the TLR4 protective adjuvant effect we have previously demonstrated. These data suggest a differential requirement for the survival of neonates versus adults to Gram-negative infection, and that modulation of TRIF in neonates can be used to augment survival to neonatal sepsis.
Protective Role for Caspase-11 during Acute Experimental Murine Colitis
Authors: Oficjalska Katarzyna , Raverdeau Mathilde , Aviello Gabriella , Wade Siobhan C. , Hickey Ana , Sheehan Katherine M. , Corr Sinead C. , Kay Elaine W. , O’Neill Luke A. , Mills Kingston H. G. , Creagh Emma M.
Published: December 2014

Activation of the noncanonical inflammasome, mediated by caspase-11, serves as an additional pathway for the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Noncanonical inflammasome activity occurs during host defense against Gram-negative bacteria and in models of acute septic shock. We propose that the noncanonical inflammasome is activated in mice during acute intestinal inflammation elicited by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), a model of experimental colitis. We find that caspase-11−/− mice display enhanced susceptibility to DSS, because of impaired IL-18 production. The impaired IL-18 levels observed are shown to result in reduced intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and increased cell death. We also suggest that a novel type II IFN–dependent, type I IFN-TRIF–independent signaling pathway is required for in vivo caspase-11 production in intestinal epithelial cells during DSS colitis. Collectively, these data suggest that IFN-γ–mediated caspase-11 expression has a key role maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier integrity in vivo during experimentally induced acute colitis.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum Adaptor Protein ERAdP Initiates NK Cell Activation via the Ubc13-Mediated NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Chen Jun , Hao Lu , Li Chong , Ye Buqing , Du Ying , Zhang Honglian , Long Bo , Zhu Pingping , Liu Benyu , Yang Liuliu , Li Peifeng , Tian Yong , Fan Zusen
Published: December 2014

NK cells play a pivotal role in innate immune responses against pathogenic infections. However, the underlying mechanisms driving defined NK functions remain largely elusive. In this study, we identified a novel endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein, ER adaptor protein (ERAdP), which is constitutively expressed in human and mouse NK cells. ERAdP is expressed at low levels in peripheral NK cells of hepatitis B virus–associated hepatocellular carcinoma patients. We show that ERAdP initiates NK cell activation through the NF-κB pathway. Notably, ERAdP interacts with ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 13 (Ubc13) to potentiate its charging activity. Thus, ERAdP augments Ubc13-mediated NF-κB essential modulator ubiquitination to trigger the Ubc13-mediated NF-κB pathway, leading to NK cell activation. Finally, ERAdP transgenic mice display hyperactivated NK cells that are more resistant to pathogenic infections. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of ERAdP-mediated NK cell activation will provide strategies for treatment of infectious diseases.
ON THE IDENTITY OF SCUTIGERA VESUVIANA [O. G. COSTA], 1839 (Chilopoda)
Authors: Zapparoli M.
Published: December 2014

The new synonymy “Scutigera Vesuviana” [O. G. Costa], 1839 = Lithobius forficatus (Linnaeus, 1758) syn. nov. is proposed. “Lithobius vesuvianus”, a name erroneously attributed to Achille instead of Oronzio Gabriele Costa and by the authors of a species named but never described different from “Scutigera Vesuviana” [O. G. Costa], 1839, is equated to this latter. The few records of “Scutigera Vesuviana” quoted by the authors after the original description, critically revised, must be referred to Scutigera coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758).
THYMELICUS LINEOLA IN SARDEGNA, SPECIE INDIGENA MISCONOSCIUTA O RECENTE INTRODUZIONE ANTROPICA? (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)
Authors: Doneddu Mario , Leo Piero
Published: December 2014

Si riporta la presenza di Thymelicus lineola (Ochsenheimer, 1808) (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) in Sardegna e si discute della sua possibile appartenenza alla fauna autoctona o in alternativa delle modalità con le quali abbia raggiunto l’isola.
UN NOUVEAU TANYPROCTOIDES PETROVITZ, 1971 D’IRAN (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae)
Authors: Montreuil Olivier , Keith Denis
Published: December 2014

A new species of the genus Tanyproctoides Petrovitz, 1971, T. (Odontiellus) gormicus n. sp., is described from Iran and compared with its most related species. This is the fifth species of this genus.
AFROTROPICAL TYCHIUS: DESCRIPTION OF FIVE NEW SPECIES AND DESIGNATION OF A NEOTYPE (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Caldara Roberto
Published: December 2014

Five new species belonging to the weevil genus Tychius are described: T. barclayi n. sp. (South Africa), T. gambiensis n. sp. (Gambia), T. muellerarum n. sp. (South Africa), T. rufotheivorus n. sp. (South Africa), T. stalsi n. sp. (South Africa). Moreover the neotype of T. suturellus Gyllenhal, 1836 is designated. Descriptions, photographs of their habitus and figures of rostra and genitalia are given.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: an unusual complication in Orientia tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus).
Authors: Basheer Aneesh , Padhi Somanath , Boopathy Vinoth , Mallick Saumyaranjan , Nair Shashikala , Varghese Renu G'Boy , Kanungo Reba
Published: December 2014

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon, potentially fatal, hyperinflammatory syndrome that may rarely complicate the clinical course of Orientia tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus). Methods: We describe here the clinicopathological features, laboratory parameters, management, and outcome data of three adult patients (1 female, 2 males) with scrub typhus associated HLH from a tertiary center with a brief and concise review of international literature. Results: All three patients satisfied the HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria; one had multi organ dysfunction with “sky high” ferritin level; and all had a dramatic recovery following doxycyclin therapy. Literature review from January 1990 to March 2014 revealed that scrub typhus associated HLH were reported in 21 patients, mostly from the scrub endemic countries of the world. These included 11 females and 10 males with mean age of 35 years (range; 8 months to 81 years). Fifteen of 17 patients (where data was available) had a favorable outcome following early serological diagnosis and initiation of definitive antibiotic therapy with (N=6) or without (N=9) immunosuppressive/immunomodulator therapy. Mutation analysis for primary HLH was performed in one patient only, and HLH-2004 protocol was used in two patients. Conclusion: We suggest that HLH should be considered in severe cases of scrub typhus especially if associated with cytopenia (s), liver dysfunction, and coagulation abnormalities.  Further studies are required to understand whether an immunosuppressive and/or immunomodulator therapy could be beneficial in those patients who remain unresponsive to definitive antibiotic therapy.
Deficiency in Mannose-Binding Lectin-Associated Serine Protease-2 Does Not Increase Susceptibility to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection
Authors: Ribeiro Carolina H. , Lynch Nicholas J. , Stover Cordula M. , Ali Youssif M. , Valck Carolina , Noya-Leal Francisca , Schwaeble Wilhelm J. , Ferreira Arturo
Published: December 2014

Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas' disease, a chronic illness affecting 10 million people around the world. The complement system plays an important role in fighting microbial infections. The recognition molecules of the lectin pathway of complement activation, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), ficolins, and CL-11, bind to specific carbohydrates on pathogens, triggering complement activation through MBL-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2). Previous in vitro work showed that human MBL and ficolins contribute to T. cruzi lysis. However, MBL-deficient mice are only moderately compromised in their defense against the parasite, as they may still activate the lectin pathway through ficolins and CL-11. Here, we assessed MASP-2-deficient mice, the only presently available mouse line with total lectin pathway deficiency, for a phenotype in T. cruzi infection. Total absence of lectin pathway functional activity did not confer higher susceptibility to T. cruzi infection, suggesting that it plays a minor role in the immune response against this parasite.
Five Cases of Recurrent Meningitis Associated with Chronic Strongyloidiasis
Authors: Shimasaki Teppei , Chung Heath , Shiiki Soichi
Published: December 2014

Although meningitis secondary to chronic strongyloidiasis is a rare complication, it is associated with a high mortality rate. Recurrent meningitis can occur if the underlying parasitic infection is left untreated. We report five cases of recurrent meningitis related to chronic strongyloidiasis that were associated with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Common causative organisms are Escherichia coli, Streptococcus bovis, and Klebsiella pneumonia. One patient died during the second episode of meningitis. Three patients showed significant gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms before developing headache and fever. In four cases, patients developed multiple recurrences even with the treatment of thiabendazol. Ivermectin seems to be a better agent compared with thiabendazol to achieve eradication of strongyloidiasis.
Morphological and antioxidant characteristics of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) and chinese quince fruit (Pseudocydonia sinensis Schneid.)
Authors: Monka Anton , Grygorieva Olga , Chlebo Peter , Brindza Ján
Published: December 2014

Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) is a fruit species, whose fruits have a high therapeutic value and therefore are used in many countries in traditional medicine. Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis Schneid.) is a lesser used species, although it is a relative of quince. The aim of the study was to evaluate some morphological characters of both kinds of fruit and antioxidant activity of morphological parts of the fruit. For these experiments, two genotypes were used from each species growing in the Arboretum Mlyňany (Slovakia). We determined the antioxidant activity of different parts by the DPPH method. In the genotypes from the evaluated species C. oblonga/P. sinensis we determined the average weight of the fruit in the fresh condition to be in the range 147.61 - 253.27 g / 197.85 - 466.38 g, the exocarp weight 28.50 - 43.89 g / 24.85 - 45.10 g, the mesocarp weight 116.36 - 204.99 g / 160.30 - 389.80 g, the seed weight 1.05 - 1.54 g / 9.22 - 17.42 g, the height of fruit 74.09 - 80.88 mm / 98.06 - 124.48 mm, average of fruit 60.11 - 81.51 mm / 62.33 - 88.64 mm. In aqueous extracts we determined antioxidant activity of the species C. oblonga / P. sinensis in dry exocarp in the range 43.52 - 67.73% / 52.76 - 82.20%, in fresh mesocarp 7.36 -14.78% / 15.30 - 23.50%, in dry mesocarp 30.92 - 41.30% / 41.68 - 50.15% and dry endocarp 55.19 - 76.44% / 91.20 - 92.72%. We determined antioxidant activity in methanolic extracts of the species C. oblonga / P. sinensis in dry exocarp in the range 93.29 - 93.32% / 91.87 - 93.25%, in fresh mesocarp 10.29 - 36.0% / 17.10 - 17.11%, in dry mesocarp 54.55 - 74.11% / 80.39 - 84.11% and in dry endocarp 95.14 - 95.39% / 94.97 - 95.62%. Results document that the fruits of both species can be practically used in the preparation of many dishes, while they can be used as raw material for pharmaceutical and cosmetic use.
Utility of Immunohistochemistry in the Pancreatobiliary Tract
Authors: Lin Fan , Eric Chen Zongming , Wang Hanlin L.
Published: December 2014

Context

Immunohistochemistry has become a useful ancillary study in the identification and classification of pancreatic neoplasms. The diagnostic accuracy has been significantly improved because of the continuous discoveries of tumor-associated biomarkers and the development of effective immunohistochemical panels.

Objectives

To identify and classify pancreatic neoplasms by immunohistochemistry.

Data Sources

Literature review and authors' research data and personal practice experience were used.

Conclusions

To better guide therapeutic decisions and predict the prognostic outcome, it is crucial to make an accurate diagnosis of a pancreatic neoplasm. Application of appropriate immunohistochemical panels enables pathologists to differentiate pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinomas from reactive conditions and to identify rare types of pancreatic neoplasms. Knowing the utilities and pitfalls of each tumor-associated biomarker is essential to avoiding a potential diagnostic error because an absolutely cancer-specific biomarker does not exist. This article reviews frequently used tumor-associated biomarkers, provides lists of effective immunohistochemical panels, and recommends a diagnostic algorithm as a standard approach to pancreatic neoplasms.
Immunohistochemistry in Dermatopathology
Authors: Ferringer Tammie
Published: December 2014

Context

Immunohistochemistry is not a diagnostic test but a highly valuable tool that requires interpretation within a context.

Objective

To review the current status and limitations of immunohistochemistry in dermatopathology.

Data Sources

English-language literature published between 1980 and 2014.

Conclusions

Although immunohistochemistry is rarely completely specific or sensitive, it is an important adjunctive technique in dermatopathology and can be helpful in a series of diagnostic dilemmas.