bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
52‐5: Late‐News Paper: Thin and Lightweight Head‐Mounted Displays with Holographic Optics and Polarized Laser Backlights Using an Inverted Wedge‐Shaped Light Guide Plate
Authors: Hirosawa Jin , Okuda Koichi , Kijima Hiroaki , Takahashi Yasuhiro , Komura Shinichi
Published: August 2023

Thin and lightweight head‐mounted displays with polarized laser backlights and holographic optics were proposed. To make the distance between the eyes and the displays even shorter, we propose the backlight with an inverted wedge‐shaped light guide plate. We confirmed that it has luminous uniformity and a high degree of polarization.
53‐4: The path of 300 mm GaN‐on‐Si epiwafers into silicon semiconductor fabs
Authors: Nishikawa A. , Loesing A. , Slischka B.
Published: August 2023

We have proposed a combination of large diameter GaN‐on‐Si epiwafers and the usage of existing silicon fab equipment and processes as the ultimate solution to overcome the current cost and yield issues in micro LED display fabrication. In order to utilize the maximum benefits from such combination, in particular for the most advanced 300 mm fabs, it is crucial for the micro LED epiwafers to meet the acceptance criteria of such silicon fabs. An example for a crucial acceptance criteria is the non‐standard thickness substrates which are conventionally used to compensate for the inherent strain‐engineering issues in GaN‐on‐Si epi growth. But for 300 mm silicon fabs the standard thickness of 775 μm needs to be met. In this article, we report how ALLOS manages to achieve the crucial acceptance criteria with its 300 mm GaN‐on‐Si micro LED epiwafers.
55‐4: Invited Paper: Monolithic MicroLED Display for AR Applications
Authors: Chen Peng , Li Qiming
Published: August 2023

In this work, the latest development of monolithic microLED display for Augmented Reality (AR) applications is reported, with the focus on R/G/B monochrome display panels and polychrome projectors from Jade Bird Display Limited (JBD). State‐of‐the‐art Red, Green, and Blue microLED display panel performances are presented. Integration of R/G/B monochrome panels through x‐cube led to the world's smallest full‐color display projector with only 0.4cc in volume, ready to be combined with optical combiner towards smart glasses and AR glasses applications. The implementation of MIPI interface and uniformity correction further enhanced flexibility, functionality, and image quality for faster adoption of this new microLED display technology.
56‐1: Invited Paper: Ultra‐high Frame Rate ADS LCDs
Authors: Huang Zhonghao , Shao Xibin , Wang Zhangtao , Zou Zhixiang , Zhang Haoxiong , Li Zhe , Wang Xiaoyuan , Min Taiye , Zhang Yinlong , Sha Jin , Zhang Zhi
Published: August 2023

In recent years, LCD end‐users are putting forward higher and higher requirements for dynamic picture display realism. With the increase of display panel refresh rate, dynamic picture fidelity has a significant improvement. The extremely high refresh rate has become one of the most important indicators of high‐end display panels, especially for video game usage scenarios. However, the increase in refresh rate is a challenge to the drive capability of LCD semiconductor TFTs (Thin Film Transistor), the response time of liquid crystal, and the transmission of high‐frequency signals, resulting in the maximum refresh rate of high‐refresh‐rate displays currently on the market still at 240 ~ 300 Hz. In this paper, we solve the display distortion due to low charging ratio at ultra‐high refresh rate by improving GOA（Gate Driver on Array） driver circuit and applying high stability and high mobility bilayer oxide semiconductor technology. At the same time, the 1ms GTG (Gray to Gray) response time is achieved by testing and optimizing the pixel slit angle and cell gap of ADS (Advanced Super Dimension Switch) LCD, ensuring no image trailing at refresh rates up to 600 Hz. Then the anti‐electromagnetic interference ability of high‐speed signal is improved by high‐speed signal transmission quality enhancement technology. Through the application of the above technologies, we have developed the ultra‐high refresh rate IT display panel products such as 600Hz frame rate FHD NB LCD and 500 Hz FHD MNT LCD. And the 16.0” WUXGA 600Hz ADS LCD achieves the highest CMR 9000 rating in VESA latest dynamic picture CMR certification.
56‐3: Invited Paper: Immersive Gaming Display: 49‐inch Ultra‐Wide (32:9) Curve (R=1000mm) and High Frame Rate (360Hz)
Authors: Liao Chien‐Huang , Liao Cheng‐Hsien , Ho Sheng‐Ju , Hsu Chian‐Wen , Su Jenn‐Jia
Published: August 2023

The world's 1st ultra‐wide immersive 49”DQHD (32:9) 360Hz gamming display was developed. In gaming application, not only the higher frame rate, but also gamer experience is taken into consideration. To have immersive picture quality, we proposed ultra‐wide curve with high contrast ratio (>5000:1), and combined gaming feature as fastest gray to gray (GtG) response (1ms), and low flickering performance. In this article, we are discussing the challenges and the solutions from design and process point of view. In addition, advanced structure be introduced to maintain the transmittance and picture quality.
59‐2: Diffuse Reflected Light Control for Reflective Tablet Display by Combining Use of Anisotropic and Isotropic Light‐Diffusing Films
Authors: Fukushima Hiroki , Kusama Kentaro , Ishinabe Takahiro , Katagiri Baku , Kuramoto Tatsuki
Published: August 2023

By optimizing an anisotropic light‐diffusing film with an internal refractive‐index distribution polymer structure and an isotropic light‐diffusing adhesive, we have developed a reflective display configuration that can efficiently diffuse‐reflect light incident from four azimuth directions. This configuration can be applied to tablet display devices that are rotated during use.
60‐2: Distinguished Student Paper: High‐Efficiency Folded Optics for Near‐Eye Displays
Authors: Luo Zhenyi , Ding Yuqiang , Rao Yi , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: August 2023

A new folded optical system with an enhanced efficiency using two polarization‐selective cholesteric liquid crystal reflectors is proposed. In conventional pancake optics, the optical path length is tripled but its efficiency drops to 25%. Our new configuration provides 50% efficiency, while the optical path length is doubled.
61‐3: Method for Controlling Surface Energy of Bank Surfaces to Fabricate High‐Thickness Inkjet‐printed QD Color Conversion Layer
Authors: Lee Sang Youn , Sakong Chun , Kang Kyung‐Tae , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Cho Kwan Hyun
Published: August 2023

Quantum dot (QD) color conversion layer (CCL) has been attracting interest due to their fascinating properties. The QD CCL with thickness of microns is required to successfully block blue light leakage. However, controlling the thickness profile in micro‐scale display pixels via the IJP remains a challenge. In this study, we controlled the surface energy of CCL by using CF4‐plasma treatment to control the thickness profile and improve the color conversion efficiency. Through mask‐free CF4‐plasma treatment, the bank became hydrophobic due to the fluorinated treatment, while the glass became hydrophilic due to the cleaning effect, selectively.
61‐4: All‐Inkjet‐printed EL‐QD Display with Improved Efficiency and Lifetime
Authors: Ha Jaekook , Shin Dongwoo , Jung Yun Ku , Kim Sehun , Kim Heunggyu , Noh Seung Uk , Kim Young il , Koo Youngmo , Baek Seogsoon , Kang Yoonho , Yoo SungHune , Hwang Jaekwon , Kwak Donghoon , Lee Arong , Kim Hoi‐Lim , Kim Gyubong , Yu SangHee , Yoon Yeo Geon , Lee Changhee
Published: August 2023

Inkjet‐printing of electroluminescent quantum dot (EL‐QD) devices is a revolutionary technology aimed at large‐size panel production, high material consumption efficiency and lower manufacturing costs. Here we demonstrate all‐inkjet‐printed 12.4‐inch full color EL‐QD display with 182 ppi resolution. We improved device performance by controling carrier transport property and charge balance through ligand exchange in QDs and ZnMgO surface.
62‐4: Invited Paper: Visible‐Blind Infrared Upconversion Devices for Image Sensing
Authors: Shih Chun‐Jen , Lee Jiun‐Haw , Huang Yu‐Chen , Biring Sajal , Liu Shun‐Wei
Published: August 2023

Epitaxial semiconductors dominate infrared sensing applications to date, albeit their intrinsic opacity and brittleness per se limit the possibilities of developing novel technologies. Here, we demonstrate a visible‐blind, all‐organic infrared visualization device that can differentiate the incident infrared power density down to 12 μW cm ‐2 from the intense ambient light illumination of 2000 lux with the help of a hybrid organic‐inorganic metal halide perovskites as a bandpass filter.
65‐1: Invited Paper: Diverse Effects of Defects on the Performance of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Jaesang
Published: August 2023

Defects in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) generate the electronic states whose energy level are usually found in the energy gap of OLED materials. Hence, defects can disturb the movement of, and sometimes eliminate, the charges and excitons in OLEDs. Here, we discuss how the properties of the defects, i.e., their originating positions, energy levels and densities, affect the dynamics of the charges and excitons, thereby determining the electrical and optical performance of the comprising OLEDs.
69‐4: Late‐News Paper: Quantum Dot/Organic Nanohybrids for InP‐based QD‐LEDs and Their Patterning via Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing
Authors: Kim Yohan , Gensler Manuel , Kim Jiyong , Janietz Silvia , Völkel Charlotte , Boeffel Christine , Solak Selen , Hermerschmidt Felix , List-Kratochvil Emil J.W. , Han Chul Jong , Oh Min Suk , Park Kyoungwon , Wedel Armin
Published: August 2023

Quantum dot (QD)/organic nanohybrids were developed to be utilized in electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet‐printed QD‐LEDs. Side‐chain copolymer with elongated aliphatic thiol groups was newly introduced into the nanohybrids to coordinate the polymer chains with the QD surface. The QD‐LEDs with the nonohybrids showed a higher current efficiency over 4‐fold than that with a QD‐only active layer. EHD jet‐printing was independently performed up to 5µm pixel pitch on a substrate, resulting in a resolution of ca. 5,080 pixels per inch.
71‐2: Effect of Compensation Method on Visually Induced Motion Sickness for Transparent Window Display
Authors: Tu Chia-Hsun , Li Chien-Ju , Fang Chia-Ying , Dai Hong-Ming , Hsu Ya-Rou , Tsai Yu-Hsiang , Chang Ya-Ju , Chen Kuan-Ting
Published: August 2023

An information compensation method to reduce motion sickness caused by reading information on the transparent window display has been studied and proposed. In this research, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Center of Pressure(CoP), Simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) were conducted and the data analysis revealed that the information compensation based on the degree of vehicle vibration improved the comfort of reading the text information for passengers.
75‐3: Investigation of Influence and Improvement of Dry Etch on Glass Strength
Authors: Zhu Zhengwei , Li Peng , Wang Sheng , Lee SeungKyu , Feng Zhong , Ni Jianwei
Published: August 2023

None film surface of TFT glass will be damaged varying degrees due to physical contact with array equipment, which will seriously reduce the strength of none film surface. In this paper, we clarified the physical damage caused by the dry etch equipment on none film surface of TFT and its impact on the strength reduction through multiple verifications in array process. It is proved that strength reduction is mainly related to the back electrode material of dry etch. By changing the back electrode material from M to N(code name), the strength of the acrylic ball drop increased by more than 500%, and the strength of the cell ROR increased by 57%. This research has greatly improved the strength of none film surface of LCD, which is great significant to product performance improvement and new product certification.
76‐4: Analytical Computer‐Generated Holography for Quadrilateral Meshes
Authors: Dong Jiaqi , Yang Bo-Ru , Qin Zong
Published: August 2023

Analytical polygon‐based computer‐generated holography (CGH) is promising because of its fast rendering speed. However, quadrilateral‐based full‐analytical CGH is infeasible. In this paper, we proposed a novel analytical CGH rendering method for quadrilateral meshes, which is compatible with modern modeling software and can simultaneously reduce the rendering load.
78‐2: A flat‐panel‐display compatible ultrasound platform
Authors: Georgitzikis Epimitheas , Gijsenbergh Pieter , Segers Jeremy , Wysocka Dominika , Viaene John , Kuna Tibor , Ukropec Robert , Roose FloriansDe , Appeltans Raf , Pandit Milind , Kinoshita Tomoatsu , Stoffels Steve , Cheyns David
Published: August 2023

We present a thin‐film piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) technology compatible with flat‐panel manufacturing methods. Using the developed flow which is based on a low temperature AlScN piezoelectric layer, we fabricate large area 48x48 element PMUT arrays on glass. Beam steering and ultrasound medical imaging are demonstrated. The developed transducer technology can be combined with a TFT backplane and has the potential of direct integration on top of display size glass sheets, expanding the boundaries of ultrasound application domains.
80‐1: Invited Paper: Tunable liquid crystal lens for dynamic Prescription (Rx) correction and Accommodation‐Convergence (AC) conflict correction in AR/VR/3D HMDs
Authors: Bhowmick Amit K , Jamali Afsoon , Bryant Douglas , Pintz Sandro , Bos Philip J
Published: August 2023

While the near‐to‐eye HMDs are advancing in display resolution, there are active challenges related to accommodation‐convergence (AC) conflict correction as well as prescription correction (Rx). Many approaches are reported previously to solve AC conflict using variable focal lenses, however, very few of them included dynamic Rx correction. While AC correction requires only adjustment of focal plane, Rx correction requires simultaneous correction of focal length and astigmatism. In this report, we have shown concept, design, fabrication, and demonstration of liquid crystal based tunable lens that is capable of dynamic correction of both the issue without needing any mechanical moving parts. The device is lightweight, thin, flat, low voltage driven and has potential to replace the eyeglasses worn by the users with the HMDs.
80‐3: Novel Switchable Half Wave Retarder with In‐cell Pancharatnam Berry Lens
Authors: Minami Daisuke , Saigusa Ryosuke , Asagi Hiroaki , Kawahira Yuichi , Matsumoto Kazuhito , Sakai Akira , Hashimoto Yoshito , Minoura Kiyoshi
Published: August 2023

To realize a multi‐layer Pancharatnam Berry lens and switchable half wave retarder lens system, we fabricated the switchable half wave retarder equipped with the in‐cell Pancharatnam Berry Lens. This switchable half wave retarder alone achieved a modulation efficiency of 95% on‐axis and 80% or more at polar 45 degree over wide wavelength. In addition, the in‐cell Pancharatnam Berry Lens fabricated and demonstrated the variable focus effect.
81‐3: Design of Narrow Border Flexible OLED Display Based on Simulation Analysis and Optimization
Authors: Luo Xiaofei , Li Zhao , Cai Peng , Liu Hao , Hou Dongfei , Zhang Song , Shi Shiming , Wang Dawei
Published: August 2023

This paper analyzes the design of the down border of the flexible OLED display, and studies the influence of the neutral layer and the sensitivity of SD strain of different stacks of Pad Bending in the narrow border area based on the finite element simulation. The neutral layer is located in the PI2 layer, and the order of the strain sensitivity of SD at Bending edge is MCL>Organic layer>PI1>PI2, MCL thickness has the greatest influence on SD strain. Through the stacking optimization design based on the sensitivity analysis results, the SD strain is reduced from 11.1% to 6.6%. Finally realize the industry's smallest R0.1mm Pad Bending design. Based on bending strain gauge and 25N static push test, SD strain is at a safe level and pass more than 50 times push tests. Narrow border products with R0.1mm Pad Bending can pass various environmental reliability tests to meet the environmental requirements of terminal products.
83‐4: High‐Performance Inverted Green and Red InP Quantum‐dot Light Emitting Diodes with Robust ZnS Electron Transport Interlayer
Authors: Thuy Truong Thi , Mude Nagarjuna Naik , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: August 2023

QLED has received extensive attention for decades. However, the performance of QLEDs is still far behind compared with OLED. We focused on the development of new electron transport layer (ETL), which is mainly degradation issue in QLED device. For the first time, we introduced a new, highly stable, and low‐mobility ZnS ETL and used as an interlayer between ZnO and QDs layer. Devices optimized using ZnO/ZnS cascaded ETLs have a peak EQE of 10.8%, a peak CE of 37.5 cd/A, and the device lifetime (LT70) is 265 hours at 1000 nits which is almost 2.2 times greater than those of devices without ZnS. The predicted LT50 at 100 nits is 60,255 hours which is the highest lifetime reported up to date. Further improve the device performance, we introduced a mixing of hole transporting material (HTM) in QDs layer. Devices have improved almost 3.8 times in their lifetime.
85‐3: High‐Transmittance, High‐Resolution Color Filters with Tailored Structures for Micro‐displays
Authors: Hyun Byung Gwan , Lee Seungryong , Lim Chaekyung , Lee Seungbum , Kim Younghoon , Kwak Taehyoung , Park Kwon-Shik , Yoon Sooyoung
Published: August 2023

The needs for high‐performances display is increased while electronics have been integrated into various materials. Compared to conventional display, micro‐type displays are required with miniaturized and high‐ intensity performances for various applications, such as AR/VR, smart contact lens. Common light source‐based approach is a simple way to demonstrate the micro‐display with high‐transmittance, high‐ resolution color filters (CFs). Here, we address the requirements for CFs in color and processing aspects. Our CFs minimize the polymer binder to be easily modified the pattern shapes with high‐transmittance. The CF is easily controlled the shape of pattern with high‐resolution (~2μm). This CF is able to be applied various micro‐light sources (μ‐LED, μ‐OLED). Thus, we believe that it would be one of promising solution for micro‐display applications.
86‐2: Quantum‐Confined CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots with Pure‐Blue Emission via Ligand‐Assisted Reprecipitation
Authors: Oshita Naoaki , Asakura Satoshi , Masuhara Akito
Published: August 2023

Quantum‐confined cesium lead tribromide PeQDs (perovskite quantum dots) are attractive photonic sources for versatile optoelectronic devices and thus the synthetic routes have been explored via various techniques. Herein, we propose a simple ligand‐assisted reprecipitation method associated with didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide for quantum‐confined PeQDs with remarkable stability at colloidal state.
88‐3: Late‐News Paper: IGZO Backplane for Full‐color Electrophoretic Display
Authors: Nakano Fumiki , Nakamura Wataru , Hara Yoshihito , Ueda Satoshi , Minoura Kiyoshi , Chen W.T.
Published: August 2023

E Ink's Gallery™ 3 with SDTC's IGZO backplane are being developed to have short page update time and good color image quality for full‐color EPD. Since the backplane for Gallery™ 3 must be driven by high voltage approximately close to +/‐ 30V, stable TFT characteristics and low TFT off‐leakage under high voltage application are important. SDTC's IGZO TFT was confirmed to be superior in terms of stability against high voltage application. An 8‐inch 300dpi Gallery™ 3, which is now in mass production, achieves page update time of less than 1 second in full color mode and 0.35 seconds in monochrome mode. Beyond the IGZO TFT employed in the 8‐ inch Gallery™ 3 panel, we have also proved the IGZO TFT with further high mobility, whose mobility is 3‐times higher than that of the current 8” panel, developed at SDTC has excellent characteristics stability against high voltage application as well, and it is currently being developed for mass production of EPD. We are also developing flexible IGZO EPD and large screen size IGZO signage EPD as the future technologies.
P‐111: Tetradentate Ligand‐Based Novel Platinum(II) Complex and Its Outstanding Performance in Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ryu Chan Hee , Jo Un Hyeok , Lee Jun Yeob , Lee Kang Mun
Published: August 2023

Even though the remarkable growth of the organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) industry has occurred via continuous, extensive efforts toward the utilization of various organometallic luminophores as phosphorescent emitters, the development of blue phosphorescent emitters with improved efficiencies and high electrochemical stabilities is essential. To satisfy this, developing emitter featuring a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) is necessary. We herein designed and preparation of a novel tetradentate Pt(II) complex, Pt3, and its application as blue phosphorescent emitters in OLED devices. Pt3 exhibited intense blue emission in the solution and solid states with drastically narrow FWHM (21 nm). In addition, this complex displayed very high phosphorescent quantum efficiencies (96%) with a host material. Multilayer phosphorescent OLEDs containing Pt3 as an emitter with SiCzCz/SiTrzCz2 mixed host systems were fabricated. The devices exhibited outstanding performances, including high external quantum efficiencies (EQE = 18.6%), and operational lifetime (LT70 = 3947 h at 200 cd m ‐2 ). These results plainly suggest that tetradentate Pt(II) dopants are promising candidates as highly efficient, and stable blue phosphorescent emitters in OLEDs.
P‐118: Flexible and Shape‐Controllable Micro‐Convex Structure to Improve Light Extraction of OLEDs
Authors: Bae Eun Jeong , Kang Shin Woo , Ju Byeong-Kwon , Baek Dong-Hyun , Park Young Wook
Published: August 2023

We report the improved outcoupling of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) using flexible micro‐convex‐structured films fabricated by the breath figure method. The light extraction pattern was controlled by the particle size distribution according to the concentration of polystyrene with the solvent evaporation method. The OLEDs assembled with micro‐convex‐structure film presented an efficiency improvement of 36%.
P‐127: Improving the Driving Voltage Stability of Tandem Red OLED
Authors: Pengcheng Jia , Gao Xiang , Bi Wentao , Xing Yibin , Zhang Lintao , Lv Boyan , Wu Cangzhi
Published: August 2023

Tandem OLED device structure could effectively reduce the OLED working current and thus achieve the effect of reducing the OLED power consumption. At the same time, tandem OLED device structure could achieve higher outdoor brightness, reduce battery capacity and reduce the risk of burn‐in effect of OLED display. Therefore, tandem OLED device structure would have a wide range of applications in the future. However, the side effects of tandem OLED device structure are raised the driving voltage and reduced the voltage stability of the device. Our work is to mitigate that side effect. In this paper, the voltage stability of 2‐ unit top‐emitting tandem red OLED was optimized through material screening and structural adjustment. After 300 hours of operation, the variation of voltage has dropped form 0.167 V to 0.085 V at 10 mA/cm2. The driving voltage of tandem red OLED had also decreased by 0.25 V.
P‐129: A Self‐adaptive Gamma LUT Conversion to Achieve Optical Consistency under a Variety of IR‐drop Compensation Scenarios
Authors: Yang Jun-Yu , Ma Wei-Jhe , Pai Feng-Ting , Lin Ching-Chun
Published: August 2023

The OLED display can support various IRC conditions for better user experience. However, the more IRC conditions in display, the more gamma Look‐Up Tables (LUT) are required. This paper proposed a method to convert gamma LUT automatically according to IRC condition of itself. The proposed method can save the One‐Time‐Programmable (OTP) memory and shorten the production time. Up to 80% OTP size and time could be saved in the experimental results. In addition, the converted gamma LUT have better optical consistency than the traditional measured gamma LUT.
P‐130: 3207‐ppi, 1.50‐in. OLED Microdisplay with All Pixels Formed Through RGB Side‐by‐Side Patterning by Photolithography
Authors: Yamane Yasumasa , Sugisawa Nozomu , Nakamura Daiki , Isa Toshiyuki , Sato Hitomi , Shimada Daigo , Mizuguchi Toshiki , Tamatsukuri Yuki , Ito Minato , Sugaya Kentaro , Fujie Takahiro , Yanagisawa Yuichi , Hiura Yoshikazu , Hodo Ryota , Sasagawa Shinya , Kunitake Hitoshi , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: August 2023

Our method for side‐by‐side OLED layer patterning by photolithographic etching offers devices with properties almost equivalent to those of devices consistently fabricated in vacuum. We fabricate herein a 3207‐ppi 1.50‐in low‐power OLED microdisplay with an ultrahigh aperture ratio and no lateral leakage using this method.
P‐156: Late‐News Poster: Effect of Light Emission Delay on AMOLED Panel
Authors: Lee Seungyeon , Komiya Naoaki , Moon Dongwon , Kim Jaeshin , Shin Wonju
Published: August 2023

The Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (AMOLED) display causes the current deviation between pixels due to the dispersion based on device characteristics such as Threshold voltage (Vth) of Thin Film Transistors (TFT). This dispersion is compensated with pixel circuits inside the AMOLED panel, but the compensation time gradually decreases because of the performance improvement of AMOLED display such as high resolution and high‐speed driving, and as a result, it is difficult to solve the problem of the current deviation at low luminance which is using low current. The deviation of charging time for the capacitance of OLED (OLED Cap) by the current deviation based on device characteristic causes the light emission delay deviation, which in turn causes Mura on the panel. In this paper, we analyze the effect of the light emission delay deviation on Mura of AMOLED panel.
P‐157: Late‐News Poster: Understanding of degradation process by voltage‐sweep loop method in exciplex host‐based phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Lee Hakjun , Kim Taekyung
Published: August 2023

We analyzed the degradation mechanism by deteriorating the exciplex host‐based phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) while repeatedly applying voltages in the range of several nA to mA. To identify the most significant degradation factors represented by bleaching, quenching, and charge imbalance, the degradation process was described from various perspectives by the capacitance (C)‐voltage (V) curves (CV), and magneto‐electroluminescence (MEL). Comparing the MEL of the non‐doped and the doped devices, the bleaching of the dopant was confirmed as degradation progressed. Since the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the dopant aligns with that of the hole‐transporting layer, the injected holes are easily trapped. As a result, the trap‐induced Shockley‐Read Hall recombination became dominant. Thus, it was identified that the bleaching of the dopant itself acts as the major degradation factor.
P‐133: Research of Novel Splicing Technique on Glass‐based Micro LED Display
Authors: Lu Xin-Hong , Zhou Jingshang , Li Liuqing , Zhou Tianmin , Cao Zhanfeng , Yuan Guangcai
Published: August 2023

With the rapid development of Micro LED display technology, glass‐based splicing solution has been an important project for large‐sized displays. Herein, a novel curvely bending technique was demonstrated, in which the non‐display areas of the Micro LED panel could be folded onto the back surface of the display areas. A curve border as narrow as 150 um was achieved, equal to that of BOE's aforepublicated side wiring technique. In view of the single‐side backplane process adopted, the manufacturing cost was considered to be significantly reduced, which made the bending technique a promising solution to the splicing Micro LED displays.
P‐85: Distinguished Poster: The Research on Temperature Rising Model and Design Optimization of Heater in Cell Device
Authors: Li Haohao , Deng Yin , Wu Bo , Zuo Xiongcan
Published: August 2023

Theoretical models of temperature assessment are important to design a product in Low temperature field. In this paper, equation and finite element analysis model between temperature and time were built by heat transfer theory and experimental data. Both of two models could provide a guidance for product designing.
P‐90: Evaluating Maxwellian view design with a non‐equal weighting matrix
Authors: Xi Fenglin , Feng Xiayu , Bos Philip
Published: August 2023

In this work, we proposed an algorithm to evaluate any reflective polarization volume hologram (R‐PVH) Maxwellian view design based on a non‐equal weighting matrix of the field of view and gaze angle. A continuous eye movement from 0 to 17 degrees towards the ear is considered. The comparison of the eyebox of the example designs is presented after using the weighting matrix of the field of view and gaze angle. This algorithm gives us a method to evaluate any design based on the weighted distance to the center of the pupil.
P‐93: Skin Color in Side View Improvement via a Novel ITO Slit Design
Authors: Lin Chin-An , Tien Kun-Cheng , Liao Chien-Huang
Published: August 2023

A novel ITO slit design in VA‐mode LCD was proposed to suppress the skin‐color shift of viewing angle. The color saturation difference, delta C (dC) is improved from 11.97 to 9.33 with an improvement of 22.05%.
P‐35: Photo‐Radically‐Curable Negative‐Tone Patternable Silicone
Authors: Liang Wenbin , Jang Wonbum , Hosokawa Tomoka , Ogawa Takuya
Published: August 2023

A novel photo‐radically‐curable negative‐tone patternable silicone resin was designed. The material thus developed showed good UV curability and excellent solubility in the standard alkaline etching solvent. Another advantage includes RI tunability. The new Si‐based patternable resin will be applied as photo‐resist for various display applications.
P‐148: Inspection of Excimer‐Laser Annealed Thin Silicon Films Across the Length Scale of Interest
Authors: van der Wilt Paul C. , Lee Hyeongjae , Huang Shiwen , Knaub Nikolai , Hu Qiongying , Zhao Lai , Mueller Bernhard
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive evaluation of the microstructure obtained by excimer‐laser annealing of thin silicon films may be performed using in‐line electron beam review (EBR). Detailed macroscopic evaluation of the uniformity thereof may be achieved with the crystallization monitor (CM). Here, we present how these methods can be used in a complementary way thereby offering an inspection solution covering the whole length scale of interest.
P‐21: Novel Circuit Driving Solutions for Eliminating TFT‐LCD Image Stick Flicker Issue
Authors: Zhang Xiu-qin , Lee Seung-min , Liao Yan-ping , Zhang Yin-long , Li Sen-wang , Zhou Liu-gang , Deng Ming , Kim Hee-keun
Published: August 2023

This paper proposed new effective solutions to solve TFT‐LCD image stick flicker issue when panel received noisy input signal. To eliminate image stick flicker issue, source data polarity inversion mode has been changed. To improve display blinking issue caused from polarity inversion mode change, source data polarity inversion has further optimized and some frame's display luminance has reduced. Compared with normal method, new solutions can solve image stick flicker issue and don't affect display quality.
P‐76: Development on the Improvement of Low Temperature Folding Performance of AMOLED Modules
Authors: Li Zhao , Hao Xiaoming , Du Shuang , Liu Zhengdao , Cai Peng , Luo Xiaofei , Gao Biao , Yang Xuekai , Zhang Song , Shi Shiming , Wang Dawei
Published: August 2023

Since 2019, more than 20 foldable products have been released, and the categories released increased year by year. It can be seen that foldable products are increasingly favored by consumers and mobile phone manufacturers due to their advantages in expandable display size. It is expected that there will be explosive growth in the future. However, there are still some technical challenges for foldable product, such as waviness, poor impact/press resistance, and low temperature folding failure. This paper focuses on the research on improving the low temperature folding reliability of AMOLED modules. The difficulties of folding, the main failures and improvement methods, and the analysis of bending force in low temperature are introduced. Finally, the reliability for 50k times at ‐30℃ of out‐folding R 5mm, in‐folding U form R 1.5mm, in‐folding water drop form R 2mm are achieved.
P‐98: Novel Solution for High‐Speed Detecting Very Small Defects in Display
Authors: Kim unghoon , Kim Jaewon
Published: August 2023

There are various inspection stages in the process of display manufacturing. Accurate detection of defects in various sizes is crucial for high yield rate. Detecting tiny defects in an image is a challenging task for object detection techniques based on convolutional neural networks because their feature information can be lost in deep convolutional layers. Also, our task requires defects in various sizes are detected in a high‐speed to achieve high yield rate. We tackled this challenging issues in our object detection problem by establishing three theories: Slicing and Robust of Outlier, Multi‐Inference. For the defect dataset that occurs in mass production, mAP@0.5 78.5% for Robust Dataset is increased to 89.5%, and the existing method, which take 4.7 sec with SAHI method, is reduced to 0.2 sec.
P‐52: Higher Brightness Mini‐LED Displays: Optimizing Collimation and Uniformity in a Thinner Form Factor
Authors: Walker Kenneth L. , Lee Juhyun , Shen Bing , Pope Matt , Rinehart Tom , Finch Andy , Jacobs Benjamin W.
Published: August 2023

We propose a novel method for improving brightness and efficiency of BEF‐less mini‐LED displays in a thinner form factor. In place of BEFs an array of Fresnel lenses positioned over each LED followed by micro lens array diffusion films create a uniform light output. Best practices and backlight design recommendations will be discussed.
P‐53: A Real‐time Method for Preventing AM Mini‐LED COG Image Sticking based on Display Content History and Heat Diffusion
Authors: Wu Yanhong , Zhang Shuguo , Wang Xian , Wu Congrui , Hou Feng , Duan Ran , Chen Guannan , Liu Yuyu
Published: August 2023

The MLED (Mini‐LED) has excellent color saturation and contrast. MLED based on COG (Chip On Class) has ultra low current. But it suffers a difficulty that its red light luminescent efficiency is drastically hindered by high temperature of screen. Image sticking occurs to the full‐screen gray picture because of temperature differ‐ ence among areas. To prevent image sticking problem and improve the visual quality of splicing screen, we propose a novel method to estimate the compensation value for red channel and apply this compensation to acquire chroma uniformity. Our method is imple‐ mented in FPGA to achieve real‐time performance. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
P‐79: A Study of Prediction Model for Active Pen Coordinate Based on Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Been Kyounghun , Lee Hoeung , Kim Youngsik , Shin Wonju
Published: August 2023

Among digital pen technologies, Active Pen has the advantage of no additional price increase in functional implementation because it commonly uses capacitance touch sensors. However, since sensors designed for finger recognition purposes are used, coordinate accuracy is relatively low compared to digital pen technology that uses dedicated sensors. Therefore, in order to overcome these limitations, this paper studies the Active Pen position prediction algorithm by applying machine learning techniques. The R2 of the model derived in this study was about 0.999, and the RMSE of the predicted position was calculated to be about 10um.
P‐81: LCD In‐Cell Self‐Capacitive Sensor Using 3D Detection Driving Method for Proximity 50mm
Authors: Lin Yi-Ying , Lai Chih-Chang , Chang Yung-Chien , Lin Ching-Chung
Published: August 2023

In this paper, LCD in‐cell self‐capacitive sensor using 3D detection driving method for proximity 50mm is proposed. Based on self‐capacitive sensor and 3D detection driving method, proximity signal is 0.249pF in our simulation system. This paper also shows that the 50mm height slug can be detected with Novatek LCD TDDI NT36523 and PCB sensor board.
P‐69: Ligand Treatment on Quantum Dots to Obtain Highly Stable Infrared Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Hoang Minh-Son , Shieh Her-Yih , Hsu Chiao-Fang , Chen Hsueh-Shih
Published: August 2023

Quantum dots (QDs) are chemically produced materials with a variety of interesting features that can be employed in various applications ranging from light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) to sensors. In this work, we report an infrared QDs‐based LED (IRLED), in which the QDs are treated with ligands and formed a smooth emissive layer of the device. The ligand treatment steps ensure the quality and morphology of the QDs emissive layer. During three weeks, the fabricated IRLED device achieved an equable current, steady electroluminescence (EL) peak of 1197 nm, a wide full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 226 nm, and a high EQE of 9%.
P‐72: Study on Issues in Glass based ENIG Products of Mini LED
Authors: Zhou Qiqi , Yan Jinhai , Lv Chaoren , Zhai Ming , Dong Enkai , Sun Liang , Zhang Wenyu , Yang Kexiong , Hu Yi , Gao Jiancai
Published: August 2023

Based on the development of MLED glass display products, the issues of ENIG products are studied in this paper. A series of problems such as copper corrosion and NiAu wire were encountered in the process of ENIG. Through appropriate methods, the above problems were significantly improved.
P‐4: ΔVTH and VSS IR rise Compensable PAM and PWM Combined Oxide TFTs Mini‐LED Pixel Circuit Working at Low Voltage
Authors: Shao Zhibo , Fu Jia , Liao Congwei , Zou Zhongfei , Zhong Dezhen , Zhang Shengdong
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a PAM and PWM combined Mini‐LED pixel circuit based on oxide TFTs. In the PAM part, a constant current (1mA) allows Mini‐LEDs work at peak efficiency and reduce power consumption. A source follower structure compensates for ΔVTH and VSS IR rise, which has only one TFT on current path, so that the pixel circuit works at low voltage. In the PWM part, a diode connected structure compensates for ΔVTH. Simulation results show that the current error rate is less than 0.81% when ΔVTH of PAM part is within ±3 V. When VSS rises less than 3 V, the current error rate is less than 7.22%. When ΔVTH of PWM part is +3 V, emission time variation is reduced by 99.29% compared with the circuit without compensation. The supply‐voltage can be reduced from 19.7 V to 15 V thanks to the proposed Mini‐LED pixel circuit.
P‐6: Study of source‐gated transistor (SGT) for output current enhancement through TCAD simulation
Authors: Sihapitak Pongsakorn , Bermundo Juan Paolo S. , Uraoka Yukiharu
Published: August 2023

Source‐gated transistor (SGT) proves to be a promising candidate as an alternative structure for displays. However, the on‐current of SGT is relatively low when compared with conventional thin‐film transistor structures. This research proposes a new structure with higher current while retaining SGT characteristics. This structure is suitable for low power and wearable devices.
P‐10: The Novel OLED Compensation TFT Circuit for Enhanced Outside Visibility
Authors: Jo Jaegang , Kim Jiah , Choi Joungmi , Kim Kakyung , Jeong Euihyun , Park Yongin , Yoon Sooyuong
Published: August 2023

We proposed a novel active‐matrix compensation pixel circuit for the displays using self‐emitting devices (e.g. organic light emitting diodes, micro‐LEDs, perovskite LEDs, et al.). This pixel circuit has two operation modes, the bright mode and the dark mode. This circuit provides both high luminance and excellent gradation quality which are crucial for outside visibility.
P‐153: Late‐News Poster: Temporal Photo‐Response Analysis of Inkjet‐Printed Transparent Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Yoo Hyunjun , Ha Jewook , Seo Jiseok , Yoon Jinsu , Hong Yongtaek
Published: August 2023

We demonstrated the temporal photo‐response of transparent and flexible carbon nanotube thin‐film transistors. Fabricated carbon nanotube thin film transistors showed exponential degradation with light illumination and linear recovery after light off. The result indicates that the principal mechanism of photo‐response in carbon nanotube transistors is photo‐desorption of oxygen molecules.
Detection of sparse differential dependent functional brain connectivity
Authors: Ghosal Nairita , Basu Sanjb , Bhaumik Dulal
Published: August 2023

Functional brain connectivity analysis is an increasingly important technique in neuroscience, psychiatry, and autism research. Functional connectivity can be measured by considering co‐activation of brain regions in resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI). We propose a novel Bayesian model to detect differential connections in cross‐correlated functional connectivity between region of interest (ROI) pairs. The proposedsparse clustered neighborhoodmodel induces a lower‐dimensional sparsity and clustering based on a nonparametric Bayesian approach to model sparse differentially connected ROI pairs. Second, it induces a structured dependence model for modeling potential dependence among ROI pairs. We demonstrate Bayesian inference and performance of the proposed model in simulation studies and compare with a standard model. We utilize the proposed model to contrast functional connectivities between participants with autism spectrum disorder and neurotypical participants using cross‐correlated rs‐fMRI data from four sites of the Autism Brain Image Data Exchange.
Ultrastable Graphite‐Potassium Anode through Binder Chemistry
Authors: Mao Zhifei , Shi Xiaojun , Zhang Taoqiu , Zheng Zhi , Liang Xueying , Wang Rui , Jin Jun , He Beibei , Gong Yansheng , Wang Huanwen
Published: August 2023

Graphite with abundant reserves has attracted enormous research interest as an anode of potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) owing to its high plateau capacity of 279 mAh g−1 at ≈0.2 V in conventional carbonate electrolytes. Unfortunately, it suffers from fast capacity decay during K+ storage. Herein, an ultrastable graphite‐potassium anode is developed through binder chemistry. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is utilized as a water‐soluble binder to generate a uniform and robust KF‐rich SEI film on the graphite surface, which can not only inhibit the electrolyte decomposition, but also withstand large volume expansion during K+‐insertion. Compared to the PVDF as binder, PVA‐based graphite anode can operate for over 2000 cycles (running time of 406 days at C/3) with 97% capacity retention in KPF6‐based electrolytes. The initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of graphite anode is as high as 81.6% using PVA as the binder, higher than that of PVDF (40.1%). Benefiting from the strong adhesion ability of PVA, a graphite||fluorophosphate K‐ion full battery is further built through 3D printing, which achieves a record‐high areal energy of 8.9 mWh cm−2 at a total mass loading of 38 mg cm−2. These results demonstrate the important role of binder in developing high‐performance PIBs.
High Sensitivity, Wide Linear‐Range Strain Sensor Based on MXene/AgNW Composite Film with Hierarchical Microcrack
Authors: Wang Ting , Qiu Zhiguang , Li Haichuan , Lu Hao , Gu Yifan , Zhu Simu , Liu Gui‐Shi , Yang Bo‐Ru
Published: August 2023

Stretchable strain sensors suffer the trade‐off between sensitivity and linear sensing range. Developing sensors with both high sensitivity and wide linear range remains a formidable challenge. Different from conventional methods that rely on the structure design of sensing nanomaterial or substrate, here a heterogeneous‐surface strategy for silver nanowires (AgNWs) and MXene is proposed to construct a hierarchical microcrack (HMC) strain sensor. The heterogeneous surface with distinct differences in cracks and adhesion strengths divides the sensor into two regions. One region contributes to high sensitivity through penetrating microcracks of the AgNW/MXene composite film during stretching. The other region maintains conductive percolation pathways to provide a wide linear sensing range through network microcracks. As a result, the HMC sensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 244), broad linear range (ɛ = 60%, R2 ≈ 99.25%), and fast response time (<30 ms). These merits are confirmed in the detection of large and subtle human motions and digital joint movement for Morse coding. The manipulation of cracks on the heterogeneous surface provides a new paradigm for designing high‐performance stretchable strain sensors.
Solid‐State, Hectogram‐Scale Preparation of Red Carbon Dots as Phosphor for Energy‐Transfer‐Induced High‐Quality White LEDs with CRI of 97
Authors: Xu Wenjun , Han Qiurui , Ji Chunyu , Zeng Fanhao , Zhang Xingshou , Deng Jiwen , Shi Changsheng , Peng Zhili
Published: August 2023

In this study, pre‐crystallization‐controlled, solid‐state preparation of red carbon dots (C‐dots) from o‐phenylenediamine on a hectogram scale with a 94% yield is reported. Highly efficient red phosphor (C‐dots@MCC) is obtained by dispersing the C‐dots in microcrystalline cellulose, which matched extremely well with the commercial Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG) phosphor. White light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) fabricated from the two phosphors emitted warm white light with a correlated color temperature of 3845 K, CIE color coordinates of (0.38, 0.37), and an extremely high color rendering index (CRI) of 95, outperforming all the reported YAG‐derived WLEDs. Furthermore, the CRI value of the WLED can be further increased to 97 after fine‐tuning, which is the highest CRI for WLEDs of any C‐dots derived devices reported so far. The superior performance of the WLED is attributed to a delicate energy transfer between YAG and C‐dots@MCC. Most importantly, the WLED maintained excellent stabilities under varied currents, working durations, moistures, and temperatures.
High Efficiency Breathable Thermoelectric Skin Using Multimode Radiative Cooling/Solar Heating Assisted Large Thermal Gradient
Authors: Jung Yeongju , Jeong Seongmin , Ahn Jiyong , Lee Jinwoo , Ko Seung Hwan
Published: August 2023

This study proposes a Janus structure‐based stretchable and breathable thermoelectric skin with radiative cooling (RC) and solar heating (SH) functionalities for sustainable energy harvesting. The challenge of the wearable thermoelectric generator arises from the small temperature difference. Thus, this dual‐sided structure maximizes the thermal gradient between the body and the surrounding environment, unlike the previous works that rather concentrate on the efficiency of the thermoelectric generator itself. The Janus structure allows the device to switch to the other mode, optimizing electricity generation from a given weather condition. For these functionalities, for the first time, boron nitride‐polydimethylsiloxane (BP) and graphene nanoplatelet‐polydimethylsiloxane (GP) nanofiber (NF) are developed as substrates. The BP NF generates the RC capability of ΔTcooling = 4 °C, and the high solar absorbance of the GP NF enables it to be photothermally heated. The flip‐overable thermoelectric skin (FoTES) achieves a maximum power output (Pmax) of 5.73 µW cm−2 in RC mode, surpassing SH mode by 5.55 µW cm−2 in the morning. In the afternoon, it generates a Pmax of 18.59 µW cm−2 in SH mode, outperforming RC mode by 15.56 µW cm−2. This work contributes to the advancement of wearable electronics, offering a sustainable power source in a wearable form.