bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Security of Enterprises in the Conditions of Digital Technologies and Pandemic
Authors:   University of Customs and Finance, Zhadko Kostiantyn , Samoilenko Dmytro ,   University of Customs and Finance
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to solving scientific problems of economic security of economic entities of various forms of ownership, in particular in the conditions of digital technologies and pandemics. The essence of "economic security of the enterprise" is defined, the review of leading scientists-economists concerning the specified research topic is made. The significance of economic security of enterprises is substantiated, the ways of solving problems in activity of enterprises are offered. Based on the analysis of the publications of scientists, we have identified in the classical form: international, state, regional, sectoral, private or economic level of economic security. In our opinion, the economic security of any enterprise is an opportunity to carry out activities, maintain normal working conditions, development, and in cases of external and internal challenges, threats, risks, dangers to resist and resume their activities. Among the proposals to strengthen the economic security of each enterprise, we recommend: diversification and expansion of production, which will increase economic efficiency, namely the profitability of the enterprise, the range and additionally attract existing employees; reduce operating costs by optimizing online and offline operation, implementation of energy savings - day and night, etc; introduction of aggressive marketing, namely increase of net income due to occupation of new market segments; introduction of investment attractiveness of the enterprise, introduction of new technologies, creation of more qualitative production; input quality control of raw materials, control over technological operations, development of control system and quality assessment for individual technological operations - search for analogues; participation in exhibitions, presentations at various levels; constant monitoring and adjustment of data; conducting promotional discounts and attracting new potential consumers of the company's products
EU Technology Platforms as a Tool to Ensure the Transport Infrastructure Competitiveness
Authors:   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Sushchenko Olena , Yermachenko Volodymyr ,   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics
Published: October 2021

The article describes the capabilities and features of the European Union technology platforms using in ensuring the Ukraine's transport infrastructure competitiveness. The purpose of the article is to study and systematize the European experience in the functioning of EU technology platforms and identify areas for their use to ensure the Ukraine's transport infrastructure competitiveness. The functioning of technology platforms makes it possible to ensure the coordinated use of public and private resources for research activities in various industries, including in the field of transport and transport infrastructure. European technology platforms define the thematic areas within which the EU's science and technology priorities are formulated. Their goal is to promote the creation of a European Research Area by focusing the researchers’ efforts at both European and national levels. The most important goal of the technology platforms creating is the innovations and science-intensive technologies development of higher technological mode. EU technology platforms have significant resource, scientific, and technical potential, the use of which will significantly increase the transport industry and transport infrastructure competitiveness level. The expediency of the EU technological platforms using as a current tool for the economy sectors and industries innovative development is grounded. The components and main tasks of the technology platforms functioning are determined; a standard algorithm of the technology platforms formation and operation is presented. The three-phase process of the EU technology platforms activity is presented. The possibilities of ensuring and increasing the transport infrastructure competitiveness by using the EU technology platforms' resource and communication potential are shown.
Costs in the Marketing Planning System at the Enterprise
Authors:   Zaporizhia National University, Korinyev Valentyn , Romanchuk Serhii ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Boiko Svitlana ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: October 2021

The problem of planning of marketing activity of domestic enterprises is defined and its features are investigated. An algorithm for the process of planning marketing activities according to the results of this study is proposed. The role of costs from the point of view of pricing at marketing planning is specified. It is established that the key to the success of the enterprise in modern conditions is the planning of its marketing activities, taking into account the peculiarities of the micro and macro environment. It is important for the company to pay attention to reducing marketing risks by reducing the uncertainty of operating conditions and concentration of resources in the most promising areas. Therefore, the company tries to reduce the level of risk in both long-term and short-term, developing and implementing strategic and tactical planning measures.Considerable attention should be paid to the level of costs for production and sales. This will achieve the goals set by the company and will improve the sales of the company's products and increase its profits. It is advisable to conduct a SWOT-analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise and apply a matrix of varieties of its strategic business units. In all areas and at all levels of planning the marketing activities of the enterprise requires the preparation and streamlining of decisions about the goals, means and measures that should ensure the production and sale of products that meet existing demand and future consumer needs. With such marketing planning, this will allow the company to decide on its pricing policy in order not to lose old and attract new customers, which will achieve production efficiency and product competitiveness.
Perspectives of China's Belt and Road Initiative in the post-epidemic period
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Maigeldinov K. , Nechayeva E. L. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Dyussembekova M.K.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the factors of influence of coronavirus on the «Belt and road» initiative and economic consequences for the participating countries from Central Asia. Systematic, comparative method and scenario method were selected as research methods. The coronavirus epidemic and the impending economic crisis will affect relations between Central Asian countries. They will not have a completely new reality, but existing trends will accelerate dramatically. In this situation, the economy and technological development of the Central Asian countries will become increasingly dependent on China, which will also affect other areas of cooperation. The article points out problematic issues in the further development of economic corridors, as well as the positive and negative consequences of the pandemic, the reasons for revising the pace and scale of infrastructure projects. Perspective directions of further development of this initiative in political and economic aspects are considered. The coronavirus and its consequences are likely to force the Central Asian countries and China to move closer together much more rapidly. The research objectives are to investigate how the crisis of the coronavirus affects the economy of China and its part, related to the initiative; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Central Asia, its economic, social and political situation; as well as how in recent times the policy of China in the region has changed. But despite some negative consequences, in the short term, Central Asian countries have no choice but to become even closer to China.
Soviet political regime in Kazakhstan during the period of «military communism»
Authors:   Innovative Eurasian university, Suleimenov М.A. , Kappassova G.M. ,   Toraighyrov University
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the emergence and activity of Soviet power institutions in Kazakhstan during the period of «war communism». During the years of «war communism», the construction of the Soviet state apparatus continued. An important feature of this process, researchers call the wide involvement of workers and peasants in state bodies. There was a change in the national composition of civil servants - after the revolution, they began to include representatives of many peoples of the former Russian Empire. In addition, many officials continued to work in Soviet state structures that began their careers during the Provisional Government or even the tsarist regime. The escalation of the civil war led to the emergence of emergency authorities not provided for by the Constitution of the USSR. On the ground, the functions of emergency services were performed by revolutionary committees. During the years of the Civil War and «war communism», the RCP (b) became the core of the Soviet political system. Thus, under the influence of wartime emergencies, a rigid military command system began to form in the country. The article reveals the specifics of the implementation of the policy of «war communism» in Kazakhstan, carried out by the Bolsheviks during the civil war of 1918-1920. As a result of the analysis, it was possible to determine that the policy of «war communism» in the regional aspect was carried out in line with general Soviet trends. It represented a set of measures of the Soviet government in the field of industry, agriculture, and social relations aimed at militarizing production and ensuring the combat capability of the Red Army. The specifics of the implementation of the policy of «war communism» in Kazakhstan were determined by the economic backwardness of the region and the nature of hostilities. These features should include: later than in the whole Soviet Union, the inclusion of the regions of Kazakhstan in the process of implementing measures of «war communism», their extension to the indigenous population, more rigid forms and methods of implementing military-communist construction. The result of the policy of «war communism» in Kazakhstan was a drop in production, especially in the agricultural sector of the economy, the famine of 1920-1922, which led to demographic losses of the population, mass migration of nomadic peoples outside the country, widespread peasant anti-Bolshevik protests and resistance of the indigenous population in the form of Basmachism. Based on archival materials and published works, the authors analyze the activities of Soviets and revkoms. In conclusion, conclusions are drawn that determine the nature of the origin and purpose of the Soviet institutions of power.
Turkish policy in Kazakhstan`s Instagram content: political analysis
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Ternov N.M.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the perception of Turkey by Instagram users in the news resources of Kazakhstan. The use of machine learning methods allows to study a large volume of data to solve the problem. The connection between the formation of the image in the mass media and the perception of international relations among citizens is noted. The role of Instagram in covering political news among Kaznet users is revealed. The analysis of comments was performed with the help of information processing tools. The author states that there is no unified strategy for shaping the image of Turkey among users: Turkey as a discursive image is formed both from the point of view of abstract concepts (economics, health care, politics) and a specific personality, represented by R. Erdogan. Attention is paid to the connotations associated with the ideas of Pan-Turkism and the image of Turkey. It is concluded that users pay more attention to internal problem, comparing information provided by the news with situation in Kazakhstan.
Otman Baba as the Organic Intellectual of the Turkmen-Yoruks
Authors:   Kocaeli University, Sinan U.
Published: October 2021

The article examines a social structure of the Ottoman Empire based on the classification and comparative analysis of groups of intellectuals in accordance with the concept of an organic intellectual. On the basis of the analysis of the image of Otman Baba, the intellectual feature of the nomadic Turks is revealed. It necessary to note that three different intellectual groups are representing three different layers. The first of these are the intellectuals of the ruling bloc. These intellectuals go through historical transformations and continue as ulema (theologians). These intellectuals, the sheikhs, are the bearers of the Sunni Islamic ideology. The second type of intellectuals consists largely of the apostles (Ahis) that represent the craftsmen in the cities and the workers in these branches of crafts. The Ahis have an ideology that cannot be explained, with Islam only and Sunni Islam in particular. The third type of intellectuals is the abdals that are the intellectuals of the TurkmenYörük, who are the main oppressed class of the society. These three types of intellectuals can be explained with the concept of organic intellectuals. Otman Baba is the best example to describe the organic intellectual of Turkmen-Yoruks. Sheikh Bedreddin was unfortunately attributed to his place. Another phenomenon is the continued existence of the Ottoman sovereign to continue to block the period of the Republic of Turkey intellectuals. I define these intellectuals with the concept of “sedimentary intellectuals”.
Continuity and Preservation of Traditional Political and Legal Institutions of the Turkic-Mongolian World in Modern Conditions
Authors:   Altai State University, Scientific and Educational Centre of Altai and Turkic Studies «Big Altai», Zelenin Y. , Vasiliev A. , Pechatnova Y.V. ,   Altai State University, Scientific and Educational Centre of Altai and Turkic Studies «Big Altai»,   Altai State University, Scientific and Educational Centre of Altai and Turkic Studies «Big Altai»
Published: October 2021

The question of defining own national identity is a kind of prism with the help of which consideration, estimation and research of many important features of modern political and legal life of Turkic-Mongolian peoples are possible. That is why at present it is important to trace the foundations of the ideological-value factor, continuity and preservation of traditional and legal institutions of the peoples of the Turkic-Mongolian world. The aim of the study is to analyse the main scientific ideas about the degree of continuity and the possibility of preserving traditional political and legal values in the countries of the Turkic-Mongolian world in the context of globalisation. The authors have assessed the degree of study of the subject of research, highlighted the main scientific ideas, analyzed the possibility of preserving traditional values of the Turkic-Mongolian world in the context of globalization. In the course of the study, proven scientific principles of pluralism of political and legal cultures and historicism, cultural and civilizational approach, historical, hermeneutic, comparative and formal-legal methods were used. As a result of the study, the authors conclude that, on the one hand, the specific functioning of the political and legal institutions of the Turkic-Mongol world is based on the desire to maintain their independence and autonomy from the influence of external forces, but on the other hand, the imitation of Western-oriented narratives is traced with varying degrees of success
Indicators of modernization of education in the Central Asian region of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries
Authors:   Altai State University, Rygalova M.V.
Published: October 2021

The topic of modernization studies is one of the most popular among historians, as it includes various areas of social development in a long chronological span: demography, socio-economic, political, cultural, etc. In this respect, the Central Asian region of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries is of considerable interest to researchers, since the modernization of peripheral Russia had its own characteristics, characteristics associated with geography, ethnic composition, and traditionalism of society. One of the areas of modernization is education. According to researchers, it can be referred to the spiritual aspect of modernization. Based on information from the sources, as well as on the specifics of development in the peripheral territories of the Russian Empire, indicators of educational development have been identified and described in detail in the article (the number of educational institutions and the involvement of the population in the educational process, the involvement of the indigenous population in education (considered separately due to the specific composition of the population, over 50% of whom were foreigners), the involvement of girls in the educational process (this indicator should also be treated with special attention). The analysis of the set of indicators suggests that the Russian authorities were pursuing a policy of systematic modernization of the territory, and that there was no radical break in the traditional foundations of society. This can be seen from the education policy related to the establishment of schools for non-Russians, educational institutions for joint education of non-Russians and opportunities for non-Russians to receive secondary education, including outside the oblast. The growth in the number of educational institutions, students, and the expansion of the school network at the expense of vocational schools are indicators not only of the development of the education system, but also of various sectors of social and economic life, which have also been affected by modernization.
ВПЛИВ РОЗВИТКУ СФЕРИ ПРОГРАМУВАННЯ НА ТРУДОВІ ЗАПИТИ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО РИНКУ ПРАЦІ
Authors: Бурлєєв Олег , Василенко Олег , Зайченко Владислав
Published: October 2021

У статті досліджено основні наслідки впливу розвитку програмування на ринок праці та трудові запити українців. За результатами теоретичного аналізу встановлено, що все більше професій будуть замінені штучним інтелектом, в результаті чого це наштовхне на початок побудови позитивної динаміки цифрового світу. Завдяки аналізу вседоступності інформації прослідковується обернено пропорційний взаємозв’язок між розвитком програмування і необхідності в існуванні навчальних закладів. Проте на основі опитування про критерії вибору професії людиною було досліджено, що саме IT-галузь це комфортна перспектива розвитку людини в якості становлення спеціаліста. Через що, було виведено, що в результаті великого потоку початківців самоучок, будуть прийняті та перероблені заходи зарахування претендентів на робочі місця, шляхом зміни орієнтації з hard skills на особисті м’які навички людини. Це розвіює міф про необов’язковість навчальних закладів та слугує поштовхом для їхнього подальшого затвердження. Адже тепер освітні заклади розглядатимуться не тільки як єдине джерело для отримування знань, а як місце для всебічного становлення особистості, де спеціаліст – це не окремо існуюча субстанція, а активний суспільний діяч, робота якого направлена на колективне досягнення цілі та співпрацю в команді. Отже, всі факти викладені вище, дають можливість констатувати, що розвиток сфери програмування – це новий етап в історії формування трудових запитів ринку праці та можлива переоцінка як особистих так і професійних якостей людини.
МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ СОЦІАЛІЗАЦІЇ ТУРИЗМУ
Authors: Голод Андрій , Феленчак Юлія , Графська Орислава
Published: October 2021

Стаття присвячена обґрунтуванню методологічних засад соціалізації туризму в контексті формування соціальної доктрини туризму в Україні. Аргументовано, що основою соціалізації туризму є туристичний потенціал певної території, який формується туристичними ресурсами і попитом на них, а також наявністю туристичних підприємств та організацій із кваліфікованим персоналом. Обґрунтовано такі принципи соціалізації туризму як відповідальність, доступність, безпечність, збалансованість і конвергентність. Сформульовано методологічні підходи до наукового аналізу соціалізації туризму, які мають бути врахованими при формуванні та реалізації соціальної доктрини туризму, – системний, синергетичний, процесний, аксіологічний, деонтологічний. З урахуванням запропонованих принципів та підходів до наукового аналізу соціалізації туризму виокремлено п’ять компонентів цього процесу, на яких має базуватися розроблення соціальної доктрини туризму: соціальний туризм, туристична акультурація, безпека туризму, якість туристичних послуг, національні цінності.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНО СВІДОМОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ СПОЖИВАЧІВ НА РИНКУ ПИТНОЇ ВОДИ
Authors: Мащак Наталія
Published: October 2021

Стаття присвячена маркетинговому дослідженню ринку питної води України з акцентом на екологічну складову поведінки споживачів питної води у ПЕТ-пляшках. Проаналізовано передумови тенденції зростання обсягів споживання питної води населенням планети з паралельним зростанням обсягів утворення відходів пластику, який згубно впливає на навколишнє середовище. Доведено, що збільшення екологічного тиску на підприємства змушує їх переглянути всі ланки своєї діяльності на предмет «шкоди для довкілля» та шукати шляхи її мінімізації, впроваджуючи еко-інновації. Виявлено, що реалізація політики розширеної відповідальності виробника є дієвим інструментом мінімізації відходів, яке продукує підприємство на всіх етапах життєвого циклу товару. Проведено анкетування споживачів питної води за допомогою анкети, яке показує реальний стан ринку та екологічно свідомого поводження споживачів з використаною ПЕТ-пляшкою.
DEMOGRAPHICS, KNOWLEDGE AND SMOKING: AN INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLE APPROACH
Authors: Cheah Yong Kang , Lim Kuang Hock , Mohd Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli
Published: October 2021

Smoking is one of the main factors that causes various diseases. The objective of the present study is to investigate factors determining smoking behaviour among adults. The present study used instrumental variable (IV) regressions to estimate the effects of demographic and knowledge factors on participation decision and amount decision of smoking. Nationally representative data of a developing country (Malaysia) was used. Contrary to popular belief, knowledge was found to be positively associated with the propensity to smoke, as well as the amount of smoking. Age, gender, wealth index, educational level, ethnicity, marital status and house locality were significantly associated with smoking. Males were more likely to smoke and smoked more than females. Educational level reduced the likelihood and amount of smoking. Malays and married individuals were less likely to smoke than non-Malays and unmarried individuals. Urban dwellers smoked more cigarette relative to rural dwellers. In terms of policy implication, it is suggested that intervention measures directed toward reducing the prevalence of smoking should not pay too much attention to improving the knowledge of health effects of smoking among Malaysian adults. Anti-smoking policies must be designed carefully by taking into account of the demographic factors which are correlated with the likelihood and amount of smoking. The present study is the first of its kind that includes knowledge as a separate variable for analyses and uses IV regressions to analyse participation decision and amount decision of smoking.
Analysis of solar cooker with thermal storage for remote hilly areas: determination of heating and cooling characteristic time
Authors: Raghav Geetanjali , Sharma Pankaj Kumar , Kumar Suresh , Maithani Rajesh , Iung Alexis , Mercier Quentin
Published: October 2021

Solar cooking finds a major application in rural areas of Uttarakhand, India, yet its utilization is still limited due to certain limitation such as intermittent nature of solar radiations. This drawback limits solar cooker in becoming a viable alternate solution of LPG and other pollution causing resources such as wood. In order to cater this problem a numerical analysis of box type solar cooker with storage is carried out. The energy stored in the storage material will keep the cooker warm up to the time when food is consumed. Charging and discharging time analysis is performed in with an aim to understand the effect of storage on solar cooker. Heating and cooling characteristic time are being evaluated and analysed with storage. Thermal performance of box type solar cooker is measured in terms of figures of merit according to BIS standards. The effect of storage has also been analysed in terms of charging and discharging time and first figure of merit of box type solar cooker.it has been observed that during discharging the heat is stored for more duration as compared to the charging time as discharge time is approx. 4-5 hours while charging time for the same amount of insolation is around 3-4 hours.
Biomass delignification with green solvents towards lignin valorisation: ionic liquids vs deep eutectic solvents
Authors: da Costa Lopes André M.
Published: October 2021

The use of renewable resources as feedstocks to ensure the production of goods and commodities for society has been explored in the last decades to switch off the overexploited and pollutant fossil-based economy. Today there is a strong movement to set bioeconomy as priority, but there are still challenges and technical limitations that must be overcome in the first place, particularly on biomass fractionation. For biomass to be an appellative raw material, an efficient and sustainable separation of its major components must be achieved. On the other hand, the technology development for biomass valorisation must follow green chemistry practices towards eco-friendly processes, otherwise no environmental leverage over traditional petrochemical technologies will be acquired. In this context, the application of green solvents, such as ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DES), in biomass fractionation is envisaged as promising technology that encompasses not only efficiency and environmental benefits, but also selectivity, which is a crucial demand to undertake cascade processes at biorefinery level. In particular, this article briefly discusses the disruptive achievements upon the application of ILs and DES in biomass delignification step towards an effective and selective separation of lignin from polysaccharides. The different physicochemical properties of these solvents, their interactions with lignin and their delignification capacity will be scrutinized, while some highlights will be given to the important characteristics of isolated lignin fractions for further valorisation. The advantages and disadvantages between ILs and DES in biomass delignification will be contrasted as well along the article.
Motility, Viability, Spermatozoa Abnormality, and pH of Bali Cattle Semen in Another-Yellow Water Driller Stored in a Different Time
Authors: Manehat Fransiskus X. , Dethan Agustinus Agung , Tahuk Paulus Klau
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the quality of Bali cattle spermatozoa diluted using sugarcane juice-egg yolk. This research was carried out in the stables and Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Timor in August-September 2020. Semen was collected from an adult male bali cattle, aged ± 4.5 years in healthy condition. The method used in this study is an experimental method using a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. Each treatment was T1: 0.075 ml semen + 0.3 ml of egg yolk sugarcane juice diluent and stored for 24 hours, T2: semen 0.075 ml + 0.3 ml of diluent for egg yolk cane juice and stored for 48 hours, T3: semen 0.075 ml + 0.3 ml of diluent for egg yolk sugarcane juice and stored for 72 hours, T4: semen 0.075 ml + 0 ,3 ml of egg yolk sugarcane juice diluent and stored for 96 hours. The variables measured were individual motility, viability, spermatozoa abnormalities, and semen pH. The results showed that the T4 treatment on a shelf life of 96 hours still showed a good average value with individual spermatozoa motility values of 45%, spermatozoa viability of 77.3%, spermatozoa abnormalities of 12.5% and semen pH 6.6. It can be concluded that the use of cane juice-egg yolk diluent has a positive impact because it is able to maintain the viability of spermatozoa for 96 hours.
The Effect of Long Shelf Life of Duroc Pig Male Semen Diluted Using Tris-Egg Yolk-Young Coconut Water on The Value of Viability, Abnormality and pH
Authors: Berek Fransiska Luruk , Dethan Agustinus Agung , Tahuk Paulus Klau
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of shelf life of duroc boar semen which was diluted using tris-egg yolk-coconut water thinner on the value of viability, abnormality, and acidity (pH). The semen used is in the form of fresh semen from 2-year-old duroc pigs. Semen was collected by a manual method using artificial broodstock. This research was conducted in November 2020 using an experimental method according to the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) procedure with 4 treatments and 4 replications so that there were 16 experimental units. Each treatment is P0: storage of semen for 0 hours, P1: storage of semen for 24 hours, P2: storage of semen for 36 hours, P3: storage of semen for 48 hours. The results showed that the use of tris-egg yolk-coconut water diluent had a significant effect (P <0.05) on viability, abnormality, and degree of acidity (pH). The mean value of spermatozoa viability was P0: 96%, P1: 93.75%, P2: 84.5%, and treatment P3: 79.5%. The mean value of spermatozoa abnormality in treatment P0: 5.25%, P1: 6.5%, P2: 11.25%, and treatment P3: 14.75%. The average value of the degree of acidity (pH) of semen P0: 8.3 P1: 7.2; P2 7,3 and P3 treatment: 7,25. It can be concluded that the dilution of semen using tris-egg yolk and coconut water can maintain the value of viability, abnormalities of spermatozoa, and degree of acidity (pH).
Kültürel Miras Akademik Başarı Testi (KMABT): Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: DEMİR Yılmaz , ŞENYURT Seçil
Published: October 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ortaokul beşinci sınıf öğrencilerinin Sosyal Bilgiler dersi kapsamındaki “Kültür ve Miras” öğrenme alanına yönelik başarı testi geliştirmektir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu 2019- 2020 eğitim- öğretim yılı güz döneminde Kilis ili merkez ilçede öğrenim gören 615 ortaokul altıncı sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. 22 maddelik KMABT’nin madde güçlük indeksi .32 ile .79 arasında değişmektedir. Testteki dört maddenin güçlük indeksinin .30 ile .40 arasında (zor), on beş maddenin .41 ile .60 arasında (orta) ve üç maddenin .61 ile .80 arasında (kolay) olduğu görülmektedir. KMABT’nin ortalama madde güçlük indeksi ise .51 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu değerler göz önüne alındığında KMABT’nin orta güçlükte bir test olduğu söylenebilir. KMABT’nin madde ayırt edicilik indeksinin .35 ile .76 arasında bir değer aldığı görülmektedir. Buna göre testteki üç maddenin madde ayırt edicilik indeksi değerlerinin .35 ile. 38 arasında (iyi); on dokuz maddenin ise madde ayırt edicilik indeksi .41 ile .76 arasında (çok iyi) bir değere sahiptir. Ortalama ayırt edicilik indeksi .60 olan KMABT’nin ayırt edicilik değerinin çok iyi olduğu görülmektedir. KMABT’deki maddelerinin madde-toplam korelasyon değerleri .32 ile .78 arasında değişmektedir. Ayrıca KR-20 değeri .88 olan KMABT’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir test olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
An Analysis on English to Chinese Translation of Electrical Engineering Texts from the Perspective of Professionals under the Guidance of Skopos Theory
Authors: Zi Ye Xiaoli Song
Published: October 2021

With the Skopos Theory as the theoretical foundation, this study aims at analyzing the specialized translation of electrical engineering texts from the professionals' perspective. To do this, we first conducted a questionnaire survey to collect the information on the professionals' needs and requirements on the translation of English texts in the realm of electrical engineering. Then, we selected an English academic paper published in a prestigious journal in this field and conducted a semi-structured interview on the Chinese translation of this paper with three professionals in this field. Based on the results of both questionnaire and interview, we analyzed the translation of electrical engineering texts from English to Chinese at lexical, syntactic and textual levels with the guidance of Skopos Theory. It is found from the questionnaire survey that electrical engineering professionals in China do have a need for translation of English texts in this field, and they emphasize the accuracy of terms and information integrity of the target text. From the interview, we also find that Skopos Theory has a strong guiding effect on the specialized translation of electrical engineering texts. Under the guidance of this theory, translators can adopt various translation strategies to enhance their translation output and optimize its communicative effect.
Arabic Translation from Bait Al-Hikma to Toledo School of Translators: Key Players, Theorization and Major Strategies
Authors: EL GHAZI Omar , BNINI Chakib
Published: October 2021

Throughout history, Arab scholars have produced a number of important works in different fields, which helped boost human civilization. This was achieved thanks to the utmost efforts made by a panel of prominent translators working in Bait Al-Hikma (Lit. House of Wisdom) in Baghdad. These translators transmitted Greek, Persian and Indian works into Arabic during the ‘Golden Arabic Era of translation’ which goes back to the Abbassid Caliphate (750 CE- 1258 CE). Likewise, translation movement in Al-Andalus took its systematic and intensive shape at the beginning of 12th century CE with the establishment of Toledo School of Translators in the city of Toledo. However, translations produced in Al-Andalus were chiefly rendered from Arabic into Latin and Old Spanish, mainly by non-Arab translators. The present paper explores the schools of translation in Baghdad and Toledo and the main strategies or methods used by each of these schools. This overview will demonstrate the importance of taking into consideration Arabs’ translation theorization in line with western theories of translation. The paper also reveals that Arab translators were not mere transmitters of Greek philosophy and ancient knowledge, but great thinkers who adapted Greek, Indian and Persian ideas to their own thought.
Caracterización del comportamiento de la política fiscal en los ciclos de la economía colombiana entre 2005 y 2020.
Authors: Saldarriaga Ochoa Cristina , Paba Rivera Carlos
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo examina cómo ha respondido la política fiscal en los distintos estados de la economía, específicamente en expansión y recesión entre 2005 y 2020. Para esto se utiliza la desviación del PIB real trimestral con respecto a su tendencia para calcular los ciclos económicos y la variación del déficit en porcentaje del PIB como indicador para caracterizar la actividad fiscal. Sin embargo, considerando que el Estado ejecuta una serie de políticas públicas para contrarrestar los ciclos económicos, que son oscilaciones en la actividad económica, con el fin de promover la estabilidad macroeconómica, que deriva en mantener un crecimiento económico estable y perdurable en el tiempo, los resultados muestran lo variante que ha sido la política fiscal en Colombia. No obstante, aunque anteriormente la política era volátil y estaba fuertemente influenciada por los ciclos de la economía, en los años más recientes, la política se ha mantenido en relativa estabilidad, no importando que el ciclo de la economía se encuentre en recesión.
Análisis de productividad empresarial, medición a través del IDC y el ICFES, 2018.
Authors: Reales Cortés Angélica María , Cardona Aristizábal Carlos Alfredo , Márquez Gómez Nikolás
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo se realiza con el objetivo de hacer un análisis acerca de la productividad del sector empresarial, abarcado desde los determinantes educativos colombianos y factores empresariales, examinado a partir los resultados de las pruebas realizadas por el Instituto Colombiano para la Evaluación de la Educación (ICFES) y el Índice de Competitividad (IDC)  para el 2018, a través de un modelo multinivel en el que se contrastaron factores educativos, familiares e incluso políticas gubernamentales, con el fin de dar respuesta a dicho análisis. Finalmente se compararon los hallazgos de cómo la influencia de la educación de los padres influye directamente en la formación y en la productividad de sus hijos, el factor carga tributaria muestra una relación contraria con la productividad empresarial, las deficiencias de calidad en la educación pública comparada con la formación privada; además, en este análisis se concluye afirmando que el elemento clave en la productividad colombiana es la educación, incluso sobre elementos que también son determinantes como la tecnología o la innovación.
Obstáculos a la innovación en empresas manufactureras de Colombia.
Authors: López Verhelst Nicolás
Published: October 2021

El impacto de la innovación en el desempeño económico y la importancia de los fallos de mercado para su creación han sido debatido ampliamente en la literatura científica [ver Schumpeter (1944), Aghion & Howitt (1992) y Romer (1990)]. Sin embargo, y a pesar de su importancia, no todas las empresas que decidan llevar a cabo actividades innovadoras resultan teniendo éxito. Esto se debe en gran medida a que las firmas constantemente enfrentan factores, llamados barreras a la innovación, que tienen la capacidad de ralentizar o inhibir su actividad innovadora. Al principio la mayoría de los trabajos en enfocaron en el efecto de los obstáculos financieros en el desempeño de la innovación empresarial (Canepa & Stoneman, 2008; Savignac, 2008). Sin embargo, evidencia reciente muestra que además de las barreras de carácter financiero, el conocimiento y la demanda tienen efectos significativos sobre la propensión a innovar (Bukstein et al., 2019; Pellegrino & Savona, 2017). Es así como, teniendo en cuenta todo lo anterior, el presente trabajo se propone analizar la relación entre la propensión a innovar y la percepción de barreras a la innovación en empresas manufactureras colombianas para el periodo 2015-2016. Dicha relación se estimó por medio de un modelo Probit utilizando datos de corte transversal provistos por la Encuesta de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica (EDIT). Con el fin de obtener resultados acordes a la literatura revisada se realizó la corrección del sesgo de selección muestral señalado por Pellegrino y Savona (2017). También se realizaron controles al modelo utilizando variables que reflejaran otras características de las empresas como son su tamaño, intensidad tecnológica de las industrias, etc. Entre los resultados relevantes se encuentra que, en general, las barreras a la innovación presentan efectos negativos sobre la propensión a innovar. Las barreras financieras presentan el mayor efecto seguido de las barreras de mercado. Por otra parte, las variables de control que presentaron mejores ajustes fueron el logaritmo natural del empleo y la intensidad tecnológica alta de las industrias, ambas con efectos positivos sobre la propensión a innovar.
Prevalencia de la enfermedad periodontal crónica en pacientes diabéticos.
Authors: Madan O’Farril Maritza , Gasca Martin Lázaro , Espasandin González Suleidys , Velasteguí López Efraín
Published: October 2021

Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en la clínica estomatológica del municipio Güines, provincia Mayabeque, de septiembre-2018 a mayo-2020 para determinar la prevalencia y severidad de la periodontitis crónica en los pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus. La población objeto de estudio estuvo constituida por los 126 pacientes mayores de 16 que acudieron a la clínica estomatológica portadores de la enfermedad. La información se recogió a través de una planilla confeccionada para tal efecto y se procesó mediante una base de datos en formato electrónico, utilizándose técnicas de estadísticas descriptivas. Se concluyó que más de la mitad de la población examinada tenía entre 16 y 30 años (57.1), pertenecía al sexo femenino (61.9%), la mayoría padecía de periodontitis (40.5%), de Diabetes Mellitus Tipo II (83.3%) con más de 5 años de evolución (76.2%) y poca estabilidad en los valores de glucemia (66.7%).
Medición de usabilidad y portabilidad de una Aplicación Web desarrollada con tecnología PWA
Authors: Macías Guamangate Yessenia Karolina , Miranda Caisaluisa José Leonardo , Tapia Cerda Verónica del Consuelo
Published: October 2021

Introducción: Las PWA son aplicaciones web consideradas como una evolución natural de las aplicaciones web tradicionales, capaces de integrarse en dispositivos móviles y realizar tareas que generalmente solo las aplicaciones nativas podían llevar a cabo. La usabilidad y portabilidad corresponden a dos parámetros del modelo de calidad, la usabilidad hace referencia a la facilidad con que las personas pueden utilizar una herramienta informática. Se basa en tres parámetros: eficiencia, eficacia y satisfacción. Por otro lado, la portabilidad se define como el esfuerzo para transferir la aplicación a otro sistema operativo, dispositivo o plataforma. Objetivo. Medir los parámetros de usabilidad y portabilidad en la Aplicación Web Tradicional y la Aplicación Web Progresiva (PWA), creadas para un servicio de entrega a domicilio, mediante el uso del cuestionario denominado System Usability Scale (SUS) y la utilización de fórmulas generales con la finalidad de obtener información y realizar el análisis comparativo de los resultados. Metodología. La presente investigación se define como descriptiva comparativa, se inscribe en el paradigma cuantitativo; emplea la encuesta y fórmulas en el proceso de medición, así como el modelo Iterativo – Incremental para el desarrollo de las aplicaciones web. La población fue constituida por 25 usuarios a quienes se aplicó el cuestionario de usabilidad SUS validado por la comunidad científica que estudia temas de usabilidad. Resultados. Los resultados revelan que la Usabilidad en la aplicación web tradicional es de 80.3, mientras que la PWA presenta un resultado promedio global de 84.02; en portabilidad los valores se encuentran entre un 75% y un 85.35% respectivamente. Conclusiones. Se concluye que en cuanto a usabilidad y portabilidad los valores favorecen a la PWA, resultado que se atribuye principalmente a las características de mejora que presenta esta tecnología en el desarrollo de aplicaciones web.
Estudio de investigaciones sobre el neuromarketing en turismo
Authors: Méndez Lazo Soima Rosa , Vázquez Alfonso Yasser , Lazo del Vallín Sacha , Carrasco Ruano Tatiana
Published: October 2021

Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico sobre el neuromarketing, dada la relevancia de las publicaciones científicas sobre el tema y la diversidad de teorías de su conceptualización. Como indicadores se consideraron la productividad de los autores, la colaboración en las publicaciones, los descriptores estudiados, los años de publicación y la distribución de las investigaciones según revistas o ramas de la ciencia. Se emplearon métodos estadísticos multivariados como el Análisis de Clúster con los algoritmos correspondientes y el software neozelandés Weka 3.9.5. Desde la observación retrospectiva, se interpretó la contingencia entre variables cualitativas como los procesos psicocognitivos, las técnicas de obtención de neuroimagen y su alcance en la mercadotecnia de sectores de la economía como el turismo, bajo el paradigma de la neuroética científica, dada su aplicación en las investigaciones de comportamiento del cliente. Para determinar la regresión entre dos o más variables, dado los ajustes entre las funciones obtenidas y la nube de puntos, se aplicaron métodos de bondad de ajuste. Como resultados principales, primó la dependencia funcional entre las variables estudiadas y en menor medida la correlación aleatoria o parcial estadística. Las de mayor significación fueron la técnica de biometría respuesta galvánica de la piel, el comportamiento del consumidor, así como la influencia psicológica de las marcas en el proceso de compra y el efecto placebo. Su análisis integral a nivel empresarial permite incrementar la efectividad de las campañas publicitarias y la gestión comercial en consonancia con el desarrollo sostenible de la economía del turismo.
Association of gallbladder carcinoma with gallstone and its prevalence in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Sutradhar Probir Kumar , Saha Subrata , Saha Dipanwita , Das Jharna , Anik Sreejon Saha , Saha Anita , Saha Eti , Saha Sudipto
Published: October 2021

Objective: To see the association of gallstones with gallbladder carcinoma and its prevalence in patients undergoing surgery for cholelithiasis.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from July 2012 to June 2013 at the Department of Surgery, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh with 150 cases of cholelithiasis.
Results: Of 150 cases those were operated for gall bladder stone disease, 8 (eight) were found to have carcinoma of gall bladder i.e. prevalence was 5.3%. On ultrasound, only three (37.5%) patients were suspected as gall bladder carcinoma pre-operatively. Females are more affected than males by this disease. Also gall bladder carcinoma was found to be associated with single large-sized stone.
Conclusion: The ultrasonography can miss a significant number of malignant lesions of the gall bladder in early stages and every cholecystectomy specimen should be examined histologically.
Mediscope 2021;8(2): 87-93