bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der Zusammenhang zwischen Sicherheitskultur und Burnout-Risiko: Eine Befragung nicht-ärztlicher Mitarbeiter im Rettungsdienst
Authors: Roth Karsten , Baier Natalie , Felgner Susanne , Busse Reinhard , Henschke Cornelia
Published: December 2020

Ziel der Studie Stressoren wie die Sicherheitskultur in Organisationen, die das Risiko an Burnout zu erkranken erhöhen, wurden bisher in der stationären Versorgung und in der Pflege untersucht. Betrachtungen in der präklinischen Notfallversorgung liegen hingegen nur begrenzt vor. Ziel dieser Studie ist (1) die Untersuchung des Burnout-Risikos für nicht-ärztliche Mitarbeiter des Rettungsdienstes und ihrer Wahrnehmung der Sicherheitskultur sowie (2) deren Assoziation.

Methodik Unter Einsatz des Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) sowie des Emergency Medical Services Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (EMS-SAQ) wurde eine Online-Umfrage unter nicht-ärztlichen Mitarbeitern des Rettungsdienstes durchgeführt. Aufbauend auf einer deskriptiven Analyse mittels des Pearson-Korrelationskoeffizienten wurde ein logistisches Regressionsmodell verwendet, um den Zusammenhang zwischen der Sicherheitskultur und dem Burnout-Risiko zu untersuchen.

Ergebnisse Es wurden n=1101 Fragebögen für die Analyse berücksichtigt. Die Mehrheit der Teilnehmer ist männlich (86,2%) und jünger als 40 Jahre (73,2%). Die Teilnehmer zeigen für die Dimensionen emotionale Erschöpfung (EE) sowie Depersonalisierung (DP) ein hohes Risiko an Burnout zu erkranken (26,3 bzw. 40,2%). Im Rahmen der Erfassung der Sicherheitskultur werden im Besonderen das Management des Rettungsdienstbereiches, die Arbeitsbedingungen und das Sicherheitsklima von der Mehrheit der Teilnehmer als negativ wahrgenommen. Die Wahrnehmung von Stress (EE: OR=3,317, p<0,01; DP: OR=1,910, p<0,01), eine negative Arbeitszufriedenheit (EE: OR=0,297, p<0,01; DP: OR=0,576, p<0,01) sowie als schlecht empfundene Arbeitsbedingungen (EE: OR 0,598, p<0,05; DP: 0,937, p<0,05) sind signifikant in den Dimensionen EE und DP mit einem hohen Burnout-Risiko assoziiert.

Schlussfolgerung Diese Studie erhebt als erste in einem großen Umfang die Sicherheitskultur und das Burnout-Risiko bei nicht-ärztlichen Mitarbeitern im Rettungsdienst in Deutschland und untersucht deren Zusammenhang. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Notwendigkeit Faktoren der Sicherheitskultur in Organisationen in den Fokus zu rücken und Maßnahmen zu ergreifen, um den Stress für Mitarbeiter zu mildern sowie die Arbeitszufriedenheit und -bedingungen zu verbessern und damit einem Burnout der Mitarbeiter präventiv vorzubeugen. Dies ist v. a. in Anbetracht des stetig steigenden Fachkräftemangels und mit Blick auf Patientensicherheit und Ergebnisqualität in der Versorgung notwendig.
Atypische Infektionen unter Immunsuppression
Authors: Braner Axel
Published: December 2020

Rasches Handeln ist gefragt, wenn der Verdacht auf eine Infektion bei einem immunsupprimierten Patienten besteht. Wenn es sich nicht gerade um einen tropischen Keim von der Kreuzfahrt bzw. den multiresistenten Keim von einem der letzten Klinikaufenthalte handelt – der Erreger ist meist nicht das Problem! Es ist seine Präsentation, die Ausprägung seiner klinischen Manifestation und seine Reaktion auf die Therapie, die für uns zur Herausforderung wird. Ist stets die Veränderung der Immunreaktion durch immer selektiver wirksame Biologika das Thema? Oder müssen wir uns erst mit den Reaktionen des innaten und adaptiven Immunsystems vertraut machen, um zu verstehen, was wir sehen?
Stroke and Thromboembolism in Warfarin-Treated Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Comparing the CHA2DS2-VASc and GARFIELD-AF Risk Scores
Authors: Rivera-Caravaca José Miguel , Proietti Marco , Esteve-Pastor María Asunción , Marín Francísco , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: December 2020

Background Evaluation of thromboembolic risk is essential in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. The CHA2DS2-VASc score is largely validated and recommended by most guidelines. The GARFIELD-AF Stroke score has been proposed as an alternative risk score.

Methods We analyzed warfarin-treated patients from SPORTIF III and V studies. Any thromboembolic event (TE) was an adjudicated study outcome. We compared the two scores' capacity in predicting any TE occurrence.

Results A total of 3,665 patients (median [interquartile range] age: 72 [66–77] years; 30.5% female) were included in this analysis. After a mean (standard deviation) follow-up of 566.3 (142.5) days, 148 (4.03%) TEs were recorded. Both continuous CHA2DS2-VASc and GARFIELD-AF were associated with TE (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–1.53 and HR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.72–3.42), with modest predictive ability (c-indexes: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.59–0.68 and 0.61, 95% CI: 0.56–0.66, respectively), with no differences. CHA2DS2-VASc quartiles showed an increasing cumulative risk, while in GARFIELD-AF only the highest quartile (Q4) demonstrated an increased TE risk. On multivariate Cox regression analysis, CHA2DS2-VASc quartiles were associated with increasing risk of TE, whereas for GARFIELD-AF only Q4 showed an association with TE. Discrimination analysis showed that GARFIELD-AF quartiles were associated with a 48.7% reduction in discriminatory ability. Using decision curve analysis, CHA2DS2-VASc was associated with improved clinical usefulness and net clinical benefit, compared with GARFIELD-AF.

Conclusion In a warfarin-treated trial cohort of AF patients, both CHA2DS2-VASc and GARFIELD-AF Stroke scores were associated with adjudicated TE events, with modest predictive capacity. The simpler CHA2DS2-VASc score improved discriminatory capacity compared with the more complex GARFIELD-AF score, demonstrating improved clinical usefulness and net clinical benefit.
Decreased Bleeding Rates in Patients with Hemophilia A Switching from Standard-Half-Life FVIII to BAY 94-9027 Prophylaxis
Authors: Mancuso Maria Elisa , Reding Mark T. , Negrier Claude , Kerlin Bryce A. , Rangarajan Savita , Simpson Mindy L.
Published: December 2020

BAY 94-9027 (damoctocog alfa pegol, Jivi) is an extended-half-life recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) shown to be well-tolerated and efficacious in bleeding prevention in previously treated patients with severe hemophilia A. During the PROTECT VIII study, prophylaxis patients received BAY 94-9027 at intervals determined based on their bleeding phenotype, observed during a 10-week run-in treatment period with twice-weekly dosing. Those with ≤ 1 spontaneous joint or muscle bleed were randomized to either 45 to 60 IU/kg every 5 days or 60 IU/kg every 7 days; patients could increase dosing frequency to every 5 days or twice weekly in the case of bleeds. Those enrolled after the randomization arms were full, and those with ≥ 2 bleeds in the run-in period, received 30 to 40 IU/kg twice weekly. Patients completing the main study could receive open-label BAY 94-9027 in the extension phase. Dosing regimen, total, and joint annualized bleeding rates were analyzed over three periods: prestudy, main study, and extension. A total of 80 patients who were on prophylaxis treatment prior to and during the study and had prior bleed data available were evaluated in this post hoc analysis of PROTECT VIII. Most patients (> 80%) required fewer infusions with BAY 94-9027 prophylaxis versus their previous standard-half-life (SHL) rFVIII product. Lower bleeding and joint bleeding rates were observed over time from the prestudy to the extension study period in all treatment regimens. Compared with SHL FVIII, BAY 94-9027 prophylaxis allows patients to reduce infusion frequency with maintained or improved protection from bleeds.
Probing microcavity switching events on the picosecond time scale using quantum dots as a broadband internal fluorescent source
Authors: Sattler Tobias , Torelly Guilherme Monteiro , Peinke Emanuel , Gérard Arthur , Claudon Julien , Bleuse Joël , Souza Patricia Lustoza , Gérard Jean-Michel
Published: December 2020

We report on ultrafast all-optical switching experiments performed on pillar microcavities containing a collection of quantum dots (QDs). Using QDs as a broadband internal light source and a detection setup based on a streak camera, we track in parallel the frequencies of a large set (>10) of resonant modes of an isolated micropillar during the entire duration of switching events and with a 2 ps temporal resolution. Being much faster and more convenient than standard approaches based on pump–probe spectroscopy, this method is very well suited for in-depth studies of cavity switching, noticeably in view of applications in the field of quantum photonics. We report as a first demonstrative example an investigation of the switch-on time constant τon dependence as a function of the pump power and the observation of a remarkably low value of τon(≈1.5 ps) for optimized pumping conditions. As a second illustration, we report the observation of a transient lifting of the degeneracy of a polarization-degenerate cavity mode, induced by a non-centrosymmetric injection of free carriers.
Thermochemistry of neutral and anionic sulfur fluorides SFn (n = 1–6): Revisited with theoretical G4/W1/W2 composite methods and the roles of metastable conformer of SF4− anion
Authors: Ham Hyung-Cheol , Ariyageadsakul Pinit , Baeck Kyoung Koo
Published: December 2020

To augment previous theoretical studies of thermochemical properties such as the electron affinity (EA) and bond dissociation enthalpy (D298o) of neutral and anionic SFn (with n = 1–6), further extensive theoretical computations using Gaussian-4 and Weizmann-1 and Weizmann-2 (G4/W1/W2) methods were carried out with extensive consideration of the role of the metastable conformational isomer of the SF4− anion. The energy of the metastable conformer is 39 kJ/mol higher than that of the global minimum structure, and the barrier height between the metastable conformer and its global minimum was calculated to be 27 kJ/mol by the CCSD(T)/Aug-cc-pvQZ+d//MP2/cc-pvQZ+d method. Many of the discrepancies that have persisted between previous theoretical and experimental data can be explained more adequately by considering the metastable conformer. The difference in the EA calculated using the Gaussian-3 (G3) vs the W2 method for SFn with n = 2–6 ranges from 0.12 eV to 0.21 eV, which is much larger than ±0.041 eV of the expected error for the G3 method. The difference in D298o calculated using G3 vs W2 was also significant in several cases, especially for hypervalent fluorides with n = 3–6. The final results obtained with the W2 procedure are sufficiently converged to a chemical accuracy of ±4 kJ/mol ≈ ±0.04 eV for not only the EA but also D298o, for all neutral and anionic SFn species with n = 1–6.
Dynamics of flow in albumin solution treated by low-temperature atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet
Authors: Shimizu Tetsuji , Yamada Hiromasa , Fujiwara Masanori , Kato Susumu , Ikehara Yuzuru , Sakakita Hajime
Published: December 2020

Dynamics of albumin agglomeration and dissolution induced by a helium plasma jet using the Schlieren visualization technique were demonstrated. The Schlieren technique enabled us to visualize the plasma-induced agglomeration of albumin on the albumin solution and dissolution from the agglomerate. Through the dissolution, a high-density albumin region moved downward, forming downward flows. During the plasma treatment, the downward flows were observed with a flow velocity of around 0.2 mm/s, while the flow velocity was 0.7 mm/s–0.9 mm/s without the plasma treatment. It was found that the plasma treatment decelerates the downward flows.
Does anodal tDCS improve basketball performance? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Veldema Jitka , Engelhardt Arne , Jansen Petra
Published: December 2020

Shooting precision as well as dribbling and agility are crucial components of performance in basketball. We examined the effects of anodal tDCS over the dominant primary motor cortex in supporting these basketball specific abilities. Fifty‐two sports students were enrolled in a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial with two interventions. Twenty minutes of anodal 1 mA tDCS/sham tDCS were applied over the primary motor cortex of the dominant hemisphere. Basketball shooting precision (basketball shooting accuracy test) and basketball specific dribbling and agility (Illinois ball‐dribbling test) were tested prior and after each intervention. Basketball shooting precision and basketball specific dribbling and agility improved after real tDCS but not after sham tDCS. ANOVAs show significant intervention*time effects on both the shooting accuracy test (F 1,51 = 5.6; P = 0.022) and on the Illinois ball‐dribbling test (F 1,51 = 4.5; P = 0.038). Anodal 1 mA tDCS over the dominant primary motor cortex is effective in supporting short‐term performance in basketball. However, the available data is insufficient for application of this novel method within the framework of conventional sports training.
Rapid degradation of GRASP55 and GRASP65 reveals their immediate impact on the Golgi structure
Authors: Zhang Yijun , Seemann Joachim
Published: December 2020

GRASP55 and GRASP65 have been implicated in stacking of Golgi cisternae and lateral linking of stacks within the Golgi ribbon. However, RNAi or gene knockout approaches to dissect their respective roles have often resulted in conflicting conclusions. Here, we gene-edited GRASP55 and/or GRASP65 with a degron tag in human fibroblasts, allowing for induced rapid degradation by the proteasome. We show that acute depletion of either GRASP55 or GRASP65 does not affect the Golgi ribbon, while chronic degradation of GRASP55 disrupts lateral connectivity of the ribbon. Acute double depletion of both GRASPs coincides with the loss of the vesicle tethering proteins GM130, p115, and Golgin-45 from the Golgi and compromises ribbon linking. Furthermore, GRASP55 and/or GRASP65 is not required for maintaining stacks or de novo assembly of stacked cisternae at the end of mitosis. These results demonstrate that both GRASPs are dispensable for Golgi stacking but are involved in maintaining the integrity of the Golgi ribbon together with GM130 and Golgin-45.
Modeling solar illuminance during solar eclipses using solar image data
Authors: Muhamad Johan
Published: December 2020

During a solar eclipse, the solar illuminance varies with time depending on the phase of the eclipse. Measuring the solar illuminance during a solar eclipse has been one of the most common projects conducted by students as well as amateur astronomers owing to the simplicity of its measurement. Despite extensive measurements conducted during previous eclipse events, only a few studies have presented methods for modeling the solar illuminance variations. In this study, we have proposed and compared several methods for modeling the variation in the normalized solar illuminance during solar eclipses by using the solar image data taken by spacecraft. We show that the solar continuum image data obtained by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) spacecraft can be used for developing an ideal model for solar illuminance variation during a total and annular solar eclipse.
Linearity measurements of critical Johnson noise thermometer components with low-distortion multitones from a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer
Authors: Kraus M , Drung D , Krause C , Palafox L , Behr R
Published: December 2020

Quantum-based and low-distortion multitone signals from a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer are used to calibrate critical noise thermometer components between 8 and 240 kHz at increased input noise levels. The example signal path includes a 24-bit ΣΔ analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a prototype amplifier for Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt’s new noise thermometer. The signals consist of odd harmonics of the pattern repetition frequency with growing tone spacing, minimizing the influence of intermodulation distortion during calibration. After a detailed description of the calibration procedure, we compare the multitone spectra with growing tone spacing to ones with equally spaced tones. For the example signal path, gain nonlinearities better than ±2 µV V−1 at input rms noise levels between 9.7 and 465 µV are experimentally demonstrated. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of dither and applied offset voltage on the non-linearity of the ADC.
Polysomnographic characteristics and acoustic analysis of catathrenia (nocturnal groaning)
Authors: Yu Min , Wen Yongfei , Xu Liyue , Han Fang , Gao Xuemei
Published: December 2020

Objective: Catathrenia is a sleep disorder characterized by nocturnal groaning sounds emitted during prolonged expiration. As a rare condition, its polysomnographic findings were inconsistent. We aimed to present polysomnographic characteristics of catathrenia patients and perform acoustic analysis of groaning sounds. Approach: Twenty-three patients (eight males and 15 females) diagnosed with catathrenia by video-polysomnography were included. They underwent clinical evaluation and physical examination, and answered a questionnaire. Acoustic analyses (oscillograms and spectrograms) of catathrenia and snoring signals were performed by Praat 6.1.09. Sounds were classified according to Yanagihara criteria. Main results: The average age of catathrenia patients was 29.6 ± 10.0 years, with a body mass index of 22.3 ± 5.1 kg m−2. A total of 3728 groaning episodes were documented. Catathrenia events of 16 patients (70%) were rapid eye movement (REM)-predominant. The average duration of groaning was 11.4 ± 4.6 s, ranging from 1.3 to 74.9 s. All signals of groaning were rhythmic or semi-rhythmic, classified as type I and type II, respectively, with formants and harmonics. Snoring events were observed in nine patients. Snoring mainly occurred in the non-REM stage, with a duration of less than 1.5 s. Signals of snoring were chaotic, classified as type III, without harmonics. Significance: Catathrenia occurred in all sleep stages but mainly in REM. Durations of groaning varied greatly across patients. Acoustic characteristics of catathrenia were typical. Groaning had rhythmic or semi-rhythmic waveform, formants and harmonics, indicating vocal origin, while snoring had chaotic waveform.
Study of the effective surface plasmon in a nano-composite of silver nanoparticles with a host ZrO2 in one-dimensional ternary periodic structure for solar cell application
Authors: Singh Pawan , Nautiyal Vivek Kumar , Singh Neeraj , Thapa Khem B.
Published: December 2020

Effective surface plasmons for dielectric properties of nanocomposite (NC) with spherical silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in a host ZrO2 has investigated at different radii and filling fractions of nanoparticles (NPs) using the Maxwell-Garnett model. The optical properties of one-dimensional ternary periodic structure (1-DTPS) containing SiO2, TiO2, and NC with different parameters has investigated using the transfer matrix method (TMM). Moreover, the absorption properties of the considered structure for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) have been studied at different incident angles and thicknesses of the NC layer. The dielectric and optical properties of the considered structure has affected by surface waves of dielectric layers as well as surface plasmons of Ag-NPs. The optical properties of the 1-DTPS for TE and TM modes has been studied with varying thicknesses of NC and angles of incidence wave. With the optimum values of the optical parameters of NC and Ag-NPs, the proposed ternary periodic structure may be used as a broadband absorber for solar cells.
Activity of Purchase of Flats in the Area of Public Urban Planning and Architecture Intervention
Authors: Foryś Iwona
Published: December 2020

Urban space serves a variety of purposes, especially the public ones. The study of the literature suggests that the improvement of road infrastructure, the location of a new public transport network or the emergence of green areas in the city should increase the value of neighbouring real estate. The municipal authorities’ intervention in public space has a formal and legal dimension in the form of local land use plans. Since the planning arrangements are open, participants of the real estate market make their decisions rationally. Unfortunately, in practice the implementation of public tasks in urban space affects neighbouring residential properties: their attractiveness and, as a result, their market value. The article will analyse market effects on residential properties located in the vicinity of new investments such as public urban-architectural intervention. The research was conducted on the local market in Szczecin. The paper looks at changes in prices and activity of residential property buyers in the vicinity of new public investments in the period of 2005-2019. For this purpose, both statistical tools and methods of visualization of the studied phenomena were used.
Implementing Inclusive Design in Architectural Education and Design Practice
Authors: Szewczenko Anna , Widzisz-Pronobis Sylwia
Published: December 2020

The objective of the article is to present working methods in didactics and in design practice in terms of the implementation of the inclusive design concept. It obliges the students and participants to be involved in the design process in order to recognize the needs and preferences of different user groups. Additionally, since the development of ICT technology allows us to increase the availability of space, the expansion of the range of tools in the design process requires the expansion of the knowledge of future designers. Therefore, the authors pose questions: how to educate future architects in this context? what tools and technologies to offer to local communities so that they can actively participate in such design processes? The subject of the analyses involves the implemented didactic projects regarding the solutions for the elderly and the disabled, both in facilities having the caring function and in public spaces. The effects of the completed didactic projects and project activities had a diverse character: from conceptual designs to the prototypes of small architecture elements. The basic assumption in the implemented projects is to adopt the formula of education through experience and the use of pre-project research. According to the state of the knowledge in this respect, the effectiveness of a design process for people with disabilities requires direct contact with users, research on the functioning of space and how it is experienced. The article presents the tools and techniques of work applied in the method ‘education trough experience’: focus meetings, individual interviews, observational studies, role playing, experimenting, testing the solutions.
A New Perspective of Solar Renewable Energy for South Italy Using the Floating Photovoltaic System
Authors: Leggieri Angelo , Semeraro Teodoro
Published: December 2020

In recent years, renewable energy sources use has been growing rapidly worldwide. Solar energy is considered one of the most valid alternative energies thanks to its applicability worldwide. Furthermore, the solar energy is a continuous resource always available compared to other energy alternatives. The main technologies currently applied to the use of solar energy are photovoltaic systems. Recently, the installation of photovoltaic systems was carried out on the agricultural land creating a paradox, as it caused a conversion of land use and transformations in the agricultural landscape with negative impacts on the human well-being. Currently, a valid alternative for the exploitation of solar energy using photovoltaic systems is represented by floating photovoltaic systems. This type of system involves the positioning of photovoltaic systems on the free surface of the water of natural lakes or artificial water basins reducing the exploitation of the agricultural land resource. In particular, the photovoltaic floating system consists of a floating system, mooring system, photovoltaic system and cables that run in the water. Floating systems open-up new opportunities and scenarios to increase the production of solar energy, especially in countries with a high population density and where the natural and anthropic components are strongly interconnected and mutually conditioned. The purpose of this report is to briefly describe the design hypothesis of a floating photovoltaic system of the power between 90-100 MW, to be positioned on the free water surface of the Esaro Lake in the Municipality of Roggiano Gravina (CS). The socio-economic and environmental benefits of these types of plants will be examined on the basis of other plants already developed in the world. In addition, project indications will be provided with estimates of expected production and economic benefits. From the conducted analysis, it emerges that this type of Floating PV can allow for the reduction of soil consumption and increase the energy productivity considering the construction of photovoltaic systems on the ground with the same power. Therefore, the floating photovoltaic systems better meet the main objectives of sustainable development in the economic, social and ecological sphere compared to traditional ground PV plants.
Modelling of Privalul Tinoasa channel, in irrigation system Borcea 2 - Danube Romania
Authors: Dorian Petrica Hausler-Cozma , Erika Beilicci , Robert Beilicci
Published: December 2020

The study case is situated in Calarasi County, Romania, near Danube river. The sprinkler irrigation arrangement serves the area of 1018.67 ha, useful, net irrigated area. The sprinkler irrigation arrangement comprises fixed irrigation equipment consisting of 16 central irrigation pivots equipped with nozzle ramps for water spray, the pivots are supplied with water through a network of underground pipes, pumping station, water source the Privalul Tinoasa channel fed from the Danube River The Privalul Tinoasa channel will be cleared and re-profiled, having the role of water accumulation basin that will ensure the aspiration for the designed pumping station. Numerical modelling was performed using the program MIKE11. MIKE 11 is a user-friendly, fully dynamic, one-dimensional modelling tool for the detailed analysis, design, management and operation of both simple and complex river and channel systems. With its exceptional flexibility, speed and user-friendly environment, MIKE 11 provides a complete and effective design environment for engineering, water resources, water quality management and planning applications. The Hydrodynamic (HD) module is the nucleus of the MIKE 11 modelling system and forms the basis for most modules including Flood Forecasting, Advection-Dispersion, Water Quality and Non-cohesive sediment transport modules. The MIKE 11 HD module solves the vertically integrated equations for the conservation of mass and momentum, i.e. the Saint-Venant equations. The input data are: area plan with location of cross sections; cross sections topographical data and roughness of river bed; flood discharge hydrograph. Advanced computational modules are included for a description of flow over hydraulic structures, including possibilities to describe the structure operation.
Standardization of Domestic Space in Printed Media in Early Republican Period Turkey
Authors: Çetin Hande Atmaca
Published: December 2020

This study aims to analyse how Western efforts on standardization of domestic life reflected on home sphere and women’s role in the household in Early Republican period Turkey (1930-1950). Transformation of domestic space was a central discussion within the modernization agenda of the Early Republican period in Turkey. In parallel, women had a crucial role at home, as the maker of a well-functioning and “rational” space and daily life. Therefore, popular media and architectural magazines targeted women and gave examples of a new house to be organized within this regard. These journals mostly published household goods, furniture or scenes of interiors from Europe and the U.S, which were far from the traditional meaning of the house in Turkey. The proposed house was divided into sections and standardized, “comfortable” and “simple” were the keywords, and women were the administrators of “order” and “science” in the rationalization of domestic space. This study, as a method, evaluates the standardization studies about domestic space with examples from architectural or popular media and aims to reveal the reflections Western modernization efforts in Early Republican period Turkey.
Demountable Rod Structures with Flexible Connections Ensuring the Reliability and Safety of Construction Objects
Authors: Shmelev Gennady , Pugacheva Natalya , Khaidarov Lenar , Antonov Anatoly , Gimazetdinov Aivaz , Sibgatullin Marat , Galimullin Ilshat , Badrutdinov Marat , Farah Reda
Published: December 2020

Individual walls of structures based on wedge-type scaffolding can be different in height and are often used as enclosing structures for different cultural and sporting events. Usually, such structures are covered in the longitudinal direction with an awning cloth on both sides, which is why they take on the full wind load from the entire area of the awning. When calculating such structures, the wind load is the determining load. In practice, these structures are built according to the recommendations of the manufacturer’s catalog of scaffolding, and they are repeatedly statically indeterminate systems with a large number of unloaded elements. This increases the material consumption of the structure and increases the cost of transport and installation work. In structures made of modular scaffolding, diagonal elements are used to give spatial rigidity to the structure, to reduce the calculated length of vertical elements, and to perceive the shift movements of the cell caused by uneven vertical movements of adjacent posts and horizontal loads. A structure with a full set of diagonal elements has a large number of weakly loaded elements. In this regard, it is possible to perform the so-called «discharged» construction scheme for more efficient use, replacing rigid diagonal elements with cable ties and reducing the number of diagonal elements in the longitudinal direction. The main task of the work is to analyze the stress-strain states of both the original system with rigid diagonal elements and systems obtained by partially replacing standard diagonals with flexible connections in the form of pre-stressed and non-pre-stressed cable ties. In order to study the actual operation of elements of rod collapsible structures and improve their design solutions, an experimental study of a fragment of the Layher system with cable ties was performed. Based on the experiment, it was determined that the actual movements when using flexible connections differ significantly from the calculated ones. The reason for the discrepancy is the deformation of the elements in the attachment points. To increase the rigidity, the design of the attachment unit needs to be changed.
Characterization and territorial distribution of religious heritage in the parish of Cernache do Bonjardim, Central Portugal
Authors: Gonçalves Marta Marçal , Pérez-Cano María Teresa , Rosendahl Stefan
Published: December 2020

Since Portugal is a mainly Catholic country, there are several testimonies of the practice of this religion and the faith of the people. In the parish of Cernache do Bonjardim, Central Portugal, birthplace of São Nuno de Santa Maria (canonized on April 26, 2009), there are several types of buildings related to religion, such as churches, chapels, field crosses and built sets. The number of churches and chapels is impressive: 18 religious buildings exist in a territory with about 7000 Ha and 3000 inhabitants (Census 2011). These buildings dated from different periods, have different characteristics and, within the same category, interesting differences can also be found. The main objectives of this article are to characterize and analyse the current situation of this heritage and its dissemination, enhancement and subsequent protection. The methods used were based on bibliographic, iconographic, photographic, cartographic, webgraphic research, in situ surveys and interaction with local residents. The approach comprises the survey of the religious heritage mentioned above, subsequent cataloguing and analysis regarding the orientation chosen for its construction, its age and its geographic distribution. With this analysis it is possible to group the elements into categories that facilitate their characterization. One of the main limitations of the investigation was the lack of documents and registrations about the described elements, which is partly due to the fire of 1917, in the City Hall, which destroyed all existing documents, and partly due to the disappearance of some of those elements and the subsequent reuse and relocation of the materials that made them up, making it difficult to recognize them, as well as the geographical and temporal location of their construction. The main conclusions are that most of the churches and chapels, against all expectations, do not respect the traditional canonical orientation and, that the majority of them was built in the 20th century and (probably) in the 17th century. Although distributed uniformly throughout the territory of the parish, the religious heritage is mostly found in the village of Cernache do Bonjardim and in the area of Serra da Santa, the highest point in this territory (475 m). This work does not intend to influence even more the attitudes of the population because they already value, appreciate and care for this heritage. However, the point of view presented in this article is different from the usual one and may open a new way of looking at this heritage. The originality of this work is that this type of heritage has not yet been approached in the territory under study. The article contributes to another study about this parish. As future developments, an analysis of the relationship between the dominant terrain orientations and the location of these patrimonial elements is suggested in order to be able to estimate more relationships that may exist.
Forces in the Lock-Off Device During the Rolling of the Brake Pulley Roller Over the Brake Ramp in the Built Automatic Parking House
Authors: Hrabovský Leopold , Žáček Václav
Published: December 2020

The paper describes the design of the device, which allows for the scanning and recording of force sizes impacting in horizontal and vertical directions during the rolling of the pulley, which is part of the brake of the lock-off device of the pallet truck, over the top surface of the brake ramp. The paper also presents the results of two experimental measurement procedures. The first measurements taken to obtain the values of the applied resistive forces when the cylindrical part of the pulley was inserted into the brake body were carried out without an installed cylindrical coil spring. The aim of the second measurement was to determine the forces acting on the brake body when the brake pulley holder resists the insertion into the brake body due to the rigidity of two types of compression cylindrical coil springs, type R16-102 and V16-102. These measurements were carried out in order to verify the theoretically calculated values of the acting forces. In the chapter “Pallet brake design” there is a suggestion and recommendation of the lock-off device manufacturer, which is used in the automatic parking system of variants “KOMA TOWER” and “KOMA MULTI TOWER”, to use a sensor to eliminate inaccuracies of parking location in a parking house using this APS option. The forces acting on the brake body, shown in the tables and graphs in this paper, are forces that occur when the brake pulley rolls over the upper surface of the brake ramp until the pulley engages in a circular recess in the brake ramp.
The Stability Analysis of a Cofferdam Using the Numerical Modelling
Authors: Sulovska Monika , Stacho Jakub , Kopecky Miloslav
Published: December 2020

The foundation of the bridge pillars required the construction of cofferdams in the Danube River. The cofferdams protected the area of the excavation pit mainly against the effects of flowing water. The paper includes analysis of the cofferdam for the foundation of the main central pillar of the asymmetrical bridge. The cofferdam has the ground plan dimensions of 44 x 20 m. It’s constructed of the double-row sheet pile walls. The stability of the cofferdam was analysed using numerical modelling based on the finite element method using Plaxis geotechnical software. The level of backfilling inside the cofferdam, required for construction of the foundations, was 6 m above the bottom of the river. The depth of the excavation pit of the cofferdam was about 4 m below the river bottom. The numerical model included 15 construction phases, which corresponded to the procedure of the construction. The analysis were focused mainly on construction phases, such as, e.g., the total backfill of the cofferdam, the loading from the piling rig, creating the excavation pit inside the cofferdam and installation of struts, and the load from the maximum level of the Danube River. The analysis showed that there are two critical phases. The first critical phase represents the situation when the piling rig works near the edge of the cofferdam, and the Danube River is at a minimal level. The second critical phase occurs when the full excavation pit created, and the Danube River is at a maximum level.
Modernism in the Case of Cultural Architecture in Yugoslavia
Authors: Zoranic Adnan
Published: December 2020

As a result of very strong and organised antifascist resistance on domestic territory during the World War II and historical conditions in the rest of Europe, new established socialist country Yugoslavia on geostrategic games was planned to stay part of the eastern block in the new division of post-war Europe. But just three years after the war Yugoslavian political establishment led by charismatic president Tito, despite the serious threats from USSR and Stalin, he decided to start with their own way of socialism based on self-management with reduced influence of the state into the economy, society and culture. The result was an atypical socialist system for that time, which was very open to the world, but especially to Western Europe and the USA. During the whole history, architecture was always the best representation of historical developments and social circumstances in different civilisations through different periods. Yugoslavian modernist architecture developed by domestic architects, influenced by modernist ideas from Central and Western Europe and with phenomenological support of the state can be considered as an indicator of social and cultural movements during the existence of that avant-garde socialist country from 1945-1990. Through the research of different study cases and examples of architecture from socialist Yugoslavia and studies of relevant scientists from the field of architecture and sociology, as a predominant methodology for this study, relations between architecture and socio-economic and cultural conditions will be investigated. In accordance with the declared ideas for general modernisation of the entire society, modernist architecture in Yugoslavia was widely accepted as a tool for the realisation of proclaimed ideals for open, human oriented and contemporary society. The architecture of cultural buildings was some of the best examples for the mentioned direction in the content, but even more in conceptual and visual expression. The Yugoslavian architecture of the representative cultural centres, museums, libraries and concert halls are some of the most successful realizations of modernism in the region of south east Europe, but even much wider. At the same time, these buildings were witnessing well organized, state supported institutional work that was able to arrange some of the most prominent cultural activities on the highest world level.
Architecture vs. Globalization
Authors: Majerska-Pałubicka Beata
Published: December 2020

Globalization affects all areas of life. It is also present in architecture. It is a continuous process that has definitely accelerated in recent years. Global processes, fast flow and exchange of information, ease of movement and extensive experience related to them allow crossing borders and breaking barriers of culture, politics, and in architecture, losing regional features and changing aesthetics. All of these factors definitely affect changes in design processes and architectural message. Architectural design takes on a new expression resulting from the cultural mix as well as the detachment from the context, tradition and often cultural roots. The first example of globalization in architecture was the International Style (the rise of the 1920s), which was characterized, among others, by a free plan, the form of objects resulting from functions, large glazing and the lack of ornamentation. It experienced its splendour in the 1930s-1960s. Today, its features are still being noticed in world architecture. Repeatability, unification and typification as well as copying and commercialization, the pursuit of a dominant, detachment from cultural, climatic, natural and often social context result in the design and implementation of objects with the same characteristics in culturally, climatically, naturally and economically different environmental contexts. The research questions posed in the article are: To what extent do globalization processes lead to the loss of national/local/regional identity? Can this process be prevented in the context of architecture? How to create sustainable architecture and preserve its regional character in the conditions of progressing globalization? The goal is to confront the ideas of sustainable development and globalization and to show the consequences of globalization in the transformation of the architectural message. The research methods used were: case studies, literature studies, basic in-situ research and a descriptive method. The reason for taking up the topic was the research conducted by the author during study trips to European, Asian and American countries.
Numerical Characterization of High Modulus Asphalt Concrete Containing RAP: A Comparison among Optimized Shallow Neural Models
Authors: Baldo Nicola , Valentin Jan , Manthos Evangelos , Miani Matteo
Published: December 2020

Knowing the relationship between the stiffness modulus and the empirical mechanical characteristics of asphalt concrete, road engineers may predict the expected results of costly laboratory tests and save both time and financial resources in the mix design phase. In fact, such a model would make it possible to assess a priori whether the stiffness of a specific mixture, characterised in the laboratory only by the common Marshall test, is suitable for the level of service required by the road pavement under analysis. In this study, 54 Marshall test specimens of high modulus asphalt concrete were prepared and tested in the laboratory to determine an empirical relationship between the stiffness modulus and Marshall stability by means of shallow artificial neural networks. Part out of these mixtures was characterised by different types of bitumen (20/30 or 50/70 penetration grade) and percentages of used reclaimed asphalt (RAP at 20% or 30%); a polymer modified bitumen was used in the preparation of the remaining Marshall test specimens, which do not contain RAP. For the complex and laborious identification of the neural model hyperparameters, which define its architecture and algorithmic functioning, the Bayesian optimization approach has been adopted. Although the results of this methodology depend on the predefined hyperparameters variability ranges, it allows an unbiased definition of the optimal neural model characteristics to be performed by minimizing (or maximizing) a loss function. In this study, the mean square error on 5 validation folds was used as a loss function, in order to avoid a poor performance evaluation due to the small number of samples. In addition, 3 different neural training algorithms were applied to compare results and convergence times. The procedure presented in this study is a valuable guide for the development of predictive models of asphalt concretes’ behaviour, even for different types of bitumen and aggregates considered here.
Calibration of Ground Pressure on Tunnel Lining in Genetic Algorithm Application for Structural Monitoring
Authors: Cortese Giuseppe , Bertagnoli Gabriele
Published: December 2020

This article presents the evolution of an algorithm that can be applied to a diagnostic systems for tunnels developed by the same authors. The aim of this work is the analysis of typical ground trust shape functions to be introduced in the library of a genetic algorithm in order to calculate the forces acting on tunnel lining starting only from the quantities measured by a set of clinometers and pressure sensors placed inside the lining itself, without any other knowledge of geotechnical or geological parameters. The knowledge of proper trust shapes, derived from geotechnical simulations, increases the performance of the algorithm in terms of convergence and correctness of the result. Some benchmarks of the genetic algorithm applied on geotechnical f.e.m. results is also given.
Architectural Design and Methods Inspired by Children’s Culture and Creativity [Global Culture and Spatial Individualization]
Authors: Małgorzata Balcer-Zgraja
Published: December 2020

The topic of children and adolescents in architecture was particularly explored in the modern era. This phenomenon was, among others, a result of contemporary social and demographic conditions as well as the development of social sciences and psychology. The 20th century, called a Century of the Child, was a period of specific ‘childhood worship’. It was a time of tremendous hopes placed in the young generation and its potential to rebuild the world. The result was that the ubiquitous theme of the child and childhood also appeared in architectural theory and practice. The purpose of the research is to answer a question How the topic of ‘child in architecture’ may inspire in the times of aging societies? Principal results of the research are to distinguish three aspects of the phenomenon of ‘child in architecture’. 1. A child was discovered as a user - special places were prepared for children – a zone of special characteristics at home and in the city, with design solutions inspired by the child’s developmental needs. 2. Children’s culture and creativity have become an inspiration for spatial solutions of the environment [designed for children and adults] and urban regeneration of the public space. 3. A child was asked to be a co-creator in the process of the participatory design, becoming an active user communicating needs, a partner inspiring future project activities. The subject of the child in architecture, discovered and explored in the last century, generated a new typology of solutions [directed to children or inspired by the culture of childhood]. Over time, patterns from the world of adults and children began to intertwine, creating a new type of multi-generational solutions in the public space. The child’s zone has been embedded in the architecture of the city in the concept of mixed use [which is a distinguishing feature of contemporary solutions]. Major conclusions of the paper: The homogenization, or the unification, of the culture is one of the effects of globalization. The individualization of design solutions [for example adaptation to the requirements of specific age groups of users] can be a way to resist unfavourable space unification processes. The paper is based on comparative studies of public utility buildings [serving in particular the purpose of out-of-school education] as well as observations and comparison of the work of practicing architects, students and children participating in workshop classes implemented at the Silesian University of Technology.