bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal Inflammatory Bowel Disease During Pregnancy and Infectious Disease in Offspring Younger Than 5 Years: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Ren Tai , Yu Yongfu , Wang Hui , Li Fei , Zhang Jun , Li Jiong
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Maternal inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during pregnancy may be associated with increased susceptibility to infection in offspring. We aimed to assess this association, taking into consideration the mediating role of anti-tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNFα) agents and adverse birth outcomes.

METHODS:

This population-based cohort study included all live-born singletons born in Denmark during 1995–2016 (n = 1,343,960). The exposure was maternal IBD. Main outcome of interest was offspring infection younger than 5 years, defined by either infection-related hospitalization or systemic antibiotic prescription, whose corresponding risk estimates were hazard ratios (HRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs), respectively. We applied an inverse probability-weighted marginal structural model for mediation analysis.

RESULTS:

Offspring born to mothers with Crohn's disease (CD) had an 18% increased risk of infection-related hospitalization (HR 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.26) and a 16% increased frequency of prescribed antibiotics (IRR 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.11–1.21). Anti-TNFα agents could explain 10% and 3% of the 2 estimated total associations, respectively, while a composite of preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age could explain 4% and 0%, respectively. The association between prenatal anti-TNFα and frequency of antibiotics attenuated after additional adjustment for maternal CD (IRR from 1.23 [0.98–1.55] to 1.10 [0.87–1.40]). Maternal ulcerative colitis, however, was not associated with offspring infection.

DISCUSSION:

Maternal CD, but not ulcerative colitis, was associated with an increased risk of infection in offspring younger than 5 years, of which adverse birth outcomes and anti-TNFα had a minor role. The association between anti-TNFα agents and pediatric infection could be partially explained by maternal CD.
Recurrent Abdominal Pain After Cholecystectomy: Low Phospholipid-Associated Cholelithiasis
Authors: Sy Alexander M. , Mosquera Diana , Levy Cynthia
Published: January 2023

Low phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis (LPAC) is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by the development of intrahepatic cholelithiasis in young adults. It is associated with a mutation of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily B member 4 that leads to impaired solubilization of biliary cholesterol, which in turn precipitates as cholesterol crystals in the intrahepatic bile ducts. We present a young woman who underwent cholecystectomy in her 20s followed by recurrent episodes of right upper quadrant pain and liver enzyme abnormalities. She later developed intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and was started on ursodeoxycholic acid, with improvement of her liver biochemistries. Subsequently, genetic testing confirmed adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily B member 4 mutation. The case highlights the importance of recognition of adult-onset genetic cholestatic syndromes.
‘In line with the modern conception of much mental illness’: psychiatric reforms and architectural design contributions in post-war England
Authors: Malathouni Christina , Hipwood Tara , Lee Seyeon
Published: January 2023

This article examines the history of, and specialist design principles behind, two Admission Units that were added to two existing mental health hospitals in post-war England: Fair Mile Hospital, in Cholsey, near Wallingford, Berkshire (now Oxfordshire) and Fulbourn Hospital, near Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, completed in 1956 and 1964 respectively. Their commission and realisation fell within a period of critical psychiatric reforms, some of which first emerged in the first half of the twentieth century with further developments peaking after the Second World War. Although the two buildings preceded subsequent interdisciplinary advancements that specifically fed into the correlation between buildings and healthcare, namely, environmental psychology and evidence-based design, they emerged at a time when prominent hospital architecture studies were embracing a research culture and aimed at merging an interdisciplinary approach with modernist architectural principles. Yet these two buildings, and numerous other similar units, have been virtually absent from existing scholarship, both general architectural historiography and studies of specialist healthcare architecture. The study here uses literature review of architectural historiography, historic policy and guidance documents, and archival material, as well as review of graphic material comprising photographs, architectural drawings and diagrams. The discussion opens with a brief overview of the general policy and psychiatric context within which the two units were commissioned and erected. This is then followed by a closer inspection of the two buildings, which brings to light both similarities and differences. Discussed in parallel to principles outlined in healthcare architecture guidance published at the time, this comparison highlights the complex and nuanced associations between architectural design and mental healthcare, as well as the way these evolved in this particular time period. Specifically, by looking closely at national and international guidance on healthcare architecture developed by the Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health, key shifts in the role that architecture could play beyond a medical model of mental healthcare and in support of a psychosocial approach are discerned. Finally, the article also makes the case for further research that broadens and deepens studies of the post-war history of this field as well as comparisons both to the inter-war and to the contemporary periods.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis: Do Patients Experience Better Quality of Life Regardless of Gradient?
Authors: Simone Anthony , Kim Juka S. , Huchting Jeanne , Rafique Asim , Ozcaglayan Ruhsen , Shemin Richard J. , Aksoy Olcay , Kwon Murray H.
Published: January 2023

Background

Aortic valve replacement improves survival for patients with low-gradient aortic valve stenosis, but there is a paucity of data on postoperative quality of life for this population.

Methods

In a single-center retrospective analysis of 304 patients with severe aortic valve stenosis who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement, patients were divided into 4 groups based on mean pressure gradient, left ventricular ejection fraction, and stroke volume index. Using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12, quality of life was assessed immediately before and 1 month after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Results

Most patients in the low-flow, low-gradient group were men; this group had higher relative rates of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes than the paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient group; the normal-flow, low-gradient group; and the high-gradient group. All-cause mortality did not differ significantly among the groups at 1 month after surgery, and all groups experienced a significant improvement in quality-of-life scores after surgery. The mean improvement was 27 points in the low-flow, low-gradient group, 25 points in the paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient group, 30 points in the normal-flow, low-gradient group, and 30 points in the high-gradient group (all P < .001).

Conclusion

Quality of life improves significantly across all subgroups of aortic valve stenosis after trans-catheter aortic valve replacement, regardless of flow characteristics or aortic valve gradients.
Kounis Syndrome: A Sting to the Heart
Authors: Annabathula Rahul V. , Chandrasekhar Mahesh A. , Peters Luke A.
Published: January 2023

A 67-year-old woman experienced pruritus, an urticarial rash, and acute, pressure-like chest pain following an insect sting. Initial electrocardiographic findings were notable for ST-segment elevations in the inferior leads without reciprocal changes, but a follow-up electrocardiogram showed pronounced ST-segment elevations in the inferior leads with reciprocal changes. Her troponin I level peaked at 3,053 pg/mL, and she was transferred to a large academic center for percutaneous coronary intervention. Balloon angioplasty was performed for 95% thrombotic occlusion of the mid–right coronary artery, and a drug-eluting stent was placed. The patient's presentation was consistent with type II Kounis syndrome.
Editorial
Authors: Dvořák Dominik
Published: January 2023

Editorial
Population Registry Cards for Inhabitants of Lodz as a Source of Information About the City’s Population in the 19th and Early 20th Century
Authors: Repczyńska-Górczak Helena , Antosik Szymon , Chmielarz Małgorzata
Published: January 2023

During the industrialization period of the city of Lodz, one of the most important industrial centres in the Kingdom of Poland (the former Russian Partition), experienced a dynamic population growth caused by migratory movement from rural areas to the city. The population registry cards for inhabitants of Lodz contained information on dates of birth (sometimes on dates of death), place of birth, religious denomination, nationality, and address of residence in the city, as well as the number of children born in a family. The aim of this paper is to present population registry cards of permanent and non-permanent residents of the city of Lodz deposited in the State Archives in Lodz, as a source for research on urban society during the period of industrialization. In this work, the use, quality, and reliability of population registry cards, as well as their research limitations for studies are discussed.
National Agricultural Censuses in Poland from 1921–2010: Evolution, Thematic Scope and Relevance for the Study of Rural and Agricultural History
Authors: Machałek Małgorzata
Published: January 2023

Population censuses have been organised sporadically since antiquity, but in the 19th century they acquired a universal character. These censuses are a good source of information on the rural population, but it was not until the introduction of systematic national agricultural censuses that a broader picture of the countryside and agriculture was obtained. In the censuses conducted after 1918 in Poland, there was a fixed catalogue of questions on the characteristics of farms, but each time new questions were also introduced to reflect the specificity of agriculture in a given historical period. The censuses were conducted on a fairly regular basis and, therefore, they provide valuable information for comparative analyses. Due to their universality and thematic scope, they also collect data on demography and socio-professional and economic relations that are not available in other sources.
Nephron deficit and low podocyte density increase risk of albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis in a model of diabetes
Authors: Gazzard Sarah E. , van der Wolde James , Haruhara Kotaro , Bertram John F. , Cullen‐McEwen Luise A.
Published: January 2023

Podocytes are terminally differentiated epithelial cells in glomeruli. Podocyte injury and loss are features of many diseases leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis propose an adverse intrauterine environment can lead to CKD later in life, especially when a second postnatal challenge is experienced. The aim of this study was to examine whether a suboptimal maternal environment would result in reduced podocyte endowment, increasing susceptibility to diabetes‐induced renal injury. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a low protein diet (LPD) to induce growth restriction or a normal protein diet (NPD) from 3 weeks before mating until weaning (postnatal Day 21, P21) when nephron and podocyte endowment were assessed in one male and one female offspring per litter. Littermates were administered streptozotocin or vehicle at 6 weeks of age. Urinary albumin excretion, glomerular size, and podometrics were assessed following 18 weeks of hyperglycemia. LPD offspring were growth restricted and had lower nephron and podocyte number at P21. However, by 24 weeks the podocyte deficit was no longer evident and despite low nephron endowment neither albuminuria nor glomerulosclerosis were observed. Podocyte number was unaffected by 18 weeks of hyperglycemia in NPD and LPD offspring. Diabetes increased glomerular volume reducing podocyte density, with more pronounced effects in LPD offspring. LPD and NPD diabetic offspring developed mild albuminuria with LPD demonstrating an earlier onset. LPD offspring also developed glomerular pathology. These findings indicate that growth‐restricted LPD offspring with low nephron number and normalized podocyte endowment were more susceptible to alterations in glomerular volume and podocyte density leading to more rapid onset of albuminuria and renal injury than NPD offspring.
Effect of high‐frequency membrane potential alternation between depolarization and hyperpolarization on dorsal root ganglion neurons of rats
Authors: Shen Zhijun , Beckel Jonathan , de Groat William C. , Tai Changfeng
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine how sensory neurons respond to high‐frequency membrane potential alternation between depolarization and hyperpolarization. Membrane currents were recorded from dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of adult rats using the whole cell patch clamp technique in voltage clamp mode. Stepwise depolarization of the membrane was applied first to determine the threshold membrane potential for inducing an action potential (AP) current. Then, membrane potential alternation between depolarization (to +20 mV) and hyperpolarization (to −110 mV) was applied to the neuron for 10 s at different frequencies (10 Hz to 1 kHz). The tested DRG neurons had APs of either a long duration (>10 ms) or a short duration (<10 ms). Membrane potential alternation at ≥500 Hz completely disrupted the AP generation, disabled the ion channel gating function, and produced membrane current alternating symmetrically across zero. Replacing extracellular sodium with potassium increased the amplitude of the membrane current response and caused the membrane current to be larger during hyperpolarization than during depolarization. These results support the hypothesis that high‐frequency biphasic stimulation blocks axonal conduction by driving the potassium channel open constantly. Understanding neural membrane response to high‐frequency membrane potential alternation is important to reveal the possible mechanisms underlying axonal conduction block induced by high‐frequency biphasic stimulation.
Aging affects the number and morphological heterogeneity of rat phrenic motor neurons and phrenic motor axons
Authors: Fogarty Matthew J. , Sieck Gary C.
Published: January 2023

Diaphragm muscle (DIAm) motor units comprise a phrenic motor neuron (PhMN), the phrenic nerve and the muscle fibers innervated, with the size of PhMNs and axons characteristic of motor unit type. Smaller PhMNs and their axons comprise slow (type S) and fatigue‐resistant (type FR) DIAm motor units, while larger PhMNs and their axons comprise more fatigable (type FF) motor units. With aging, we have shown a loss of larger PhMNs, consistent with selective atrophy of type IIx/IIb DIAm fibers and reduced maximum DIAm force. In the present study, we hypothesized that with aging there is a loss of larger myelinated phrenic α motor axons. Female and male young (6 months) and old (24 months) Fischer 344 rats were studied. PhMNs were retrogradely labeled by intrapleural injection of 488‐conjugated CTB. The phrenic nerves were excised ~1 cm from the DIAm insertion and mounted in resin, and phrenic α motor axons were delineated based on size (i.e., >4 μm diameters). In older rats, the number of larger PhMNs and larger phrenic α motor axons were reduced. There were no differences in non‐α axons. In addition, there was evidence of demyelination of larger phrenic α motor axons in older rats. Together, these findings are consistent with the selective age‐related vulnerability of larger PhMNs and denervation of type FF motor units, which may underlie DIAm sarcopenia.
Effects of hypoxia on exercise‐induced diaphragm fatigue in healthy males and females
Authors: Reinhard Paige A. , Archiza Bruno , Welch Joseph F. , Benbaruj Jenna , Guenette Jordan A. , Koehle Michael S. , Sheel A. William
Published: January 2023

Following high‐intensity, normoxic exercise there is evidence to show that healthy females, on average, exhibit less fatigue of the diaphragm relative to males. In the present study, we combined hypoxia with exercise to test the hypothesis that males and females would develop a similar degree of diaphragm fatigue following cycle exercise at the same relative exercise intensity. Healthy young participants (n = 10 male; n = 10 female) with a high aerobic capacity (120% predicted) performed two time‐to‐exhaustion (TTE; ~85% maximum) cycle tests on separate days breathing either a normoxic or hypoxic (FiO2 = 0.15) gas mixture. Fatigue of the diaphragm was assessed in response to cervical magnetic stimulation prior to, immediately post‐exercise, 10‐, 30‐, and 60‐min post‐exercise. Males and females had similar TTE durations in normoxia (males: 690 ± 181 s; females: 852 ± 401 s) and hypoxia (males: 381 ± 160 s; females: 400 ± 176 s) (p > 0.05). Cycling time was significantly shorter in hypoxia versus normoxia in both males and females (p < 0.05) and did not differ on the basis of sex (p > 0.05). Following the hypoxic TTE tests, males and females experienced a similar degree of diaphragm fatigue compared to normoxia as shown by 20%–25% reductions in transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure. This occurred despite the fact that exercise time in hypoxia was substantially shorter relative to normoxia and the cumulative diaphragm work was lower. We also observed that females did not fully recover from diaphragm fatigue in hypoxia, whereas males did (p < 0.05). Sex differences in the rate of diaphragm contractility recovery following exercise in hypoxia might relate to sex‐based differences in substrate utilization or diaphragm blood flow.
Thermodynamic analysis of vanadium distribution behavior in blast furnaces and basic oxygen furnaces
Authors: He Yang , Chen Chunlin , Yang Xiaodong
Published: January 2023

Production data from a vanadium (V)-containing titaniferous magnetite (VTM) smelting blast furnace (BF) ironmaking plant and a V-recovering basic oxygen furnace (BOF) shop were collected over a period of 1 year. The corresponding thermodynamics was analyzed in terms of V reduction in the BF operation and V oxidation in the BOF operation. The thermodynamic calculations were performed using the software Multi-Phase Equilibrium (MPE), in which generalized central atom model was introduced into the description of molten slag and applied for the slag database. The effects of operating conditions on V distribution ratios between slag and hot metal/semi-steel were analyzed and compared with the plant data. The simulated results could reproduce the variation of V distribution ratios with slag temperature and composition and provide the guidance for operators to control V distribution behavior for the better process operation.
National Identity and Belonging of Yemenite Jews in The Journey of Buried Secrets
Authors: Mohammed Alwuraafi Ebrahim
Published: January 2023

This article discusses the national identity of the Yemenite Jews as portrayed in Majdi Saleh’s novel The Journey of Buried Secrets. The novel, in addition to being a journey to the ancient past of Yemen, is a journey to the secret life of the Yemenite Jews as well. It is an exploration of their customs, traditions, worries, passions and identity. The writer has been able to dive deep into the depths of Yemeni society, both Muslim and Jewish, depicting the beauty of Yemen architecture, ancient inscriptions and living styles of bygone days. Saleh’s novel presents a new perspective of the Yemenite Jew, one who identifies himself with Yemen and feels proud of this attachment to the land of his birth. The article argues that Yemenite Jews have been emotionally and cognitively attached to their motherland and perceived themselves as being Yemenites belonging to the country where they were born and grew up. It asserts that such a sense of belonging is the outcome of religious tolerance and coexistence of the larger Muslim community.
Smoothing Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm for solving non-Lipschitz absolute value equations
Authors: Yilmaz Nurullah , Kayacan Aysegul
Published: January 2023

In this study, we concentrate on solving the problem of non-Lipschitz absolute value equations (NAVE).
A new Bezier curve based smoothing technique is introduced and a new Levenberg–Marquardt type algorithm is developed depending on the smoothing technique.
The numerical performance of the algorithm is analysed by considering some well-known and randomly generated test problems.
Finally, the comparison with other methods is illustrated to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Fractal-fractional advection–diffusion–reaction equations by Ritz approximation approach
Authors: Md Nasrudin Farah Suraya , Phang Chang , Kanwal Afshan
Published: January 2023

In this work, we propose the Ritz approximation approach with a satisfier function to solve fractal-fractional advection–diffusion–reaction equations. The approach reduces fractal-fractional advection–diffusion–reaction equations to a system of algebraic equations; hence, the system can be solved easily to obtain the numerical solution for fractal-fractional advection–diffusion–reaction equations. With only a few terms of two variables-shifted Legendre polynomials, this method is capable of providing high-accuracy solution for fractal-fractional advection–diffusion–reaction equations. Numerical examples show that this approach is comparable with the existing numerical method. The proposed approach can reduce the number of terms of polynomials needed for numerical simulation to obtain the solution for fractal-fractional advection–diffusion–reaction equations.
Preparation and photocatalytic degradation of Sulfamethoxazole by g-C3N4 nano composite samples
Authors: Guan Yuchen , Ren Zhixin , Lang Yan , Liu Tianze , Gong Zhao , Lv Yuguang
Published: January 2023

Graphite-carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was prepared by thermocondensation, and g-C3N4/BiVO4 material (GCB) and g-C3N4/CNTs composite material (GCC) were prepared by doping different contents of BiVO4 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with g-C3N4 samples, respectively. Then, BiVO4, CNTs, and g-C3N4 samples with different contents were doped to prepare ternary composite material (GCBC). In the performance experiment, Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) was used as degradation material to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the prepared samples, and the degradation reaction kinetics equation, quadric cycle stability experiment, free radical capture, and intermediates identification were studied. The intermediates of photocatalytic degradation of SMZ were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. From the experimental data, it can be seen that for SMZ solution, when the reaction time T = 0 min and retention time rt = 7.53 min, there is a peak corresponding to the substance with m/z [M + H]+ of 254, which is judged as SMZ. At 20, 40, and 60 min, rt was 2.00, 7.06, and 9.57 min, indicating the presence of intermediates in the photocatalytic process. Experimental analysis shows that there are three intermediates of SMZ degradation by composite sample GCBC. In this work, three kinds of composite materials were successfully prepared, and a variety of characterization, SMZ as pollutants, test the photocatalytic performance of composite materials (GCB, GCC, and GCBC) samples, and elucidated the cyclic stability of the material, active species capture, and photocatalytic degradation mechanism.
Solar lighting systems applied in photocatalysis to treat pollutants – A review
Authors: Maldonado Pérez Alejandra Xochitl , Pérez Bueno José de Jesús
Published: January 2023

This work summarizes the different natural lighting systems applied for pollutant treatment systems using photocatalysis. The principles and fundamentals of the technologies used are revisited and examples of technologies most used for treatment either at the laboratory or at the pilot plant level are disclosed. This unveils a general panorama of treatment technologies via photocatalysis, using natural sunlight as an illumination source. Aside from these concentrated solar power systems that are inviable for photocatalytic aqueous treatments, reported scientific works are shown about heliostats, parabolic troughs, Fresnel lenses, and direct illuminated systems. As a valuable result of this review, the power used in photocatalytic systems requires higher attention not only in these systems but in laboratories and prototypes. Photocatalysts and their countless configuration variants are limited due to the potential barriers in particle borders, interfaces, and surfaces to cause redox reactions in water and pollutant target molecules. These factors reduce photocatalyst efficiencies for converting light energy to useful electron pair charge carriers for water treatments. The use of solar concentration systems applied to photocatalytic treatment systems can generate enough charge carriers, improving the efficiency of the systems, and making it feasible to scale up various configurations of this treatment pathway. Subsequently, the photocatalyst material and light are both important.
Study on the solidification property and mechanism of soft soil based on the industrial waste residue
Authors: Dong Wanying , Zhan Qiwei , Zhao Xiangran , Wang Anhui , Zhang Yongsheng
Published: January 2023

The solidification property and mechanism of soft soil based on the industrial waste residue was studied systematically. First, the properties of soft soil solidified by single blast furnace slag, phosphogypsum and cement were carried out, and the solidification effect of Portland cement was better compared with blast furnace slag and phosphogypsum. Second, the composite solidification agent formula with excellent solidification performance was developed, and the mass ratio of Portland cement, blast furnace slag and phosphogypsum was 1:2.3:0.8. At this time, compressive strength was up to 8845.1 kPa. Finally, the composition and microstructure of the solidification soft soil was studied by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope. Calcium hydroxide formed by the hydration of Portland cement and calcium sulfate in phosphogypsum were used as activators for hydration reaction of blast furnace slag, and more hydration products under the synergistic action of Portland cement hydration and blast furnace slag hydration were formed. Hydrated calcium silicate colloid and Ettringite crystal played an important role in skeleton and filling, and the structure of soft soil solidified by composite solidification agent was the most compact.
Narrative Review of Sex Differences in Muscle Strength, Endurance, Activation, Size, Fiber Type, and Strength Training Participation Rates, Preferences, Motivations, Injuries, and Neuromuscular Adaptations
Authors: Nuzzo James L.
Published: January 2023

Nuzzo, JL. Narrative review of sex differences in muscle strength, endurance, activation, size, fiber type, and strength training participation rates, preferences, motivations, injuries, and neuromuscular adaptations. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 494–536, 2023—Biological sex and its relation with exercise participation and sports performance continue to be discussed. Here, the purpose was to inform such discussions by summarizing the literature on sex differences in numerous strength training–related variables and outcomes—muscle strength and endurance, muscle mass and size, muscle fiber type, muscle twitch forces, and voluntary activation; strength training participation rates, motivations, preferences, and practices; and injuries and changes in muscle size and strength with strength training. Male subjects become notably stronger than female subjects around age 15 years. In adults, sex differences in strength are more pronounced in upper-body than lower-body muscles and in concentric than eccentric contractions. Greater male than female strength is not because of higher voluntary activation but to greater muscle mass and type II fiber areas. Men participate in strength training more frequently than women. Men are motivated more by challenge, competition, social recognition, and a desire to increase muscle size and strength. Men also have greater preference for competitive, high-intensity, and upper-body exercise. Women are motivated more by improved attractiveness, muscle “toning,” and body mass management. Women have greater preference for supervised and lower-body exercise. Intrasexual competition, mate selection, and the drive for muscularity are likely fundamental causes of exercise behaviors in men and women. Men and women increase muscle size and strength after weeks of strength training, but women experience greater relative strength improvements depending on age and muscle group. Men exhibit higher strength training injury rates. No sex difference exists in strength loss and muscle soreness after muscle-damaging exercise.
Strength and Conditioning Recommendations for Female Athletes: The Gaelic Footballer
Authors: Duggan John David , Keane Karen , Moody Jeremy , Byrne Paul J. , Malone Shane , Collins Kieran , Ryan Lisa
Published: January 2023

Ladies Gaelic football (LGF) is a traditional, amateur Gaelic sport played by female athletes. LGF is an invasion-based field sport involving high-intensity, intermittent match play. There is currently a paucity of research on intercounty (elite level) LGF despite a growing interest in the male version of the game. This article aims to provide strength and conditioning recommendations for LGF with particular focus on the intercounty level of play. Recommendations within this article include a needs analysis, female injury epidemiology, physical and physiological demands, female physiology, strength training, and specific conditioning guidelines based on the sport. Additional recommendations include an LGF-specific testing battery, a proposed periodization cycle, and sports-specific speed and agility development.
Investigation of different cardboard materials under impact loads
Authors: Johst Philipp , Kaeppeler Ulrike , Seibert Dimitrij , Kucher Michael , Böhm Robert
Published: January 2023

Packaging materials, such as cardboard, must endure vigorous loads during handling and transport, which could lead to damage to the packaged goods. To ensure that the transported goods reach the consumer safely, a profound knowledge of the behavior of packaging materials under impact loads is required. This study experimentally investigated the behavior of two different cardboard materials under impact loads. Different kinetic energy levels were obtained using a specially developed test rig. First, the resulting damage of the specimens was qualitatively characterized based on digital analysis. Second, the damage was quantitatively analyzed using the imprint diameter after impact as the characteristic parameter. It was found that three different damage phenomena occurred on both investigated materials: imprint, cracking, and breakthrough. Different imprint diameters were detected with increasing kinetic energy of the impactor. The impact load resistance of the material with the higher grammage was higher than that of the material with the lower grammage.
Endocrine and behavioral effects in male rats after birth with their pregnant mother taking ibuprofen
Authors:   SI V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Reznikov A.G. , Sachynska O.V. ,   SI V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lymareva A.A. ,   SI V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Faliush O.A. ,   SI V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Perchyk I.G. ,   SI V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2023

Ibuprofen, a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, is one of the most used non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and pain relievers. Its effect on developing fetal neuroendocrine system when taken by a pregnant mother does not well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term consequences of the administration of ibuprofen to pregnant rats with regard to hormonal profile and sexual differentiation of the brain in male offspring. Pregnant rats were given ibuprofen per os in a dose of 30 mg/kg bw twice a day during days 15-21 of gestation. On the 2 and 10 postnatal days (PND), anogenital distance (AGD) was measured in male pups. In adulthood, sexual behavior, hormone levels, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) response to acute immobilization stress were studied. Prenatal ibuprofen increased AGD on PND 2 and caused incomplete masculinization of copulative behavior in adult offspring. Significant increases in the latent periods of the first mount, the first intromission, and a decrease in the number of intromissions were observed. Basal blood plasma levels of testosterone, estradiol, and corticosterone, as well as HPAA response to immobilization stress, did not change. Orchidectomized and primed with estradiol and progesterone males did not exhibit lordosis response to the presence of a sexually experienced male. Conclusion: Administration of ibuprofen to female Wistar rats during the last week of gestation disrupts partially neuroendocrine programming of male-type copulative behavior in male offspring with no changes in female-type sexual behavior and HPAA function. It is hypothesized that incomplete masculinization of the developing fetal brain with ibuprofen is due to two co-operative mechanisms: inhibition of synthesis of testosterone in the fetal gonads and prostaglandin E2 in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus.
Effect of L-tryptophan on the bone biophysical properties and oxygen consumption in rats with diet-induced obesity
Authors:   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Chaka O.G. , Nosar V.І. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Zinchenko А.S. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Yanko R.V. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Levashov М.І. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of L-tryptophan on the biophysical properties of bone tissue and oxygen consumption in rats with diet-induced obesity. The study was conducted on 40 male 3-months- aged Wistar rats. The photometric determination of phosphorus and calcium concentration in the femoral bones was conducted. The rate of oxygen consumption was measured according to chronoamperograms. The biophysical properties of femurs were measured by a methodic three-point bending test. It was shown that the content of calcium (by 15%) and phosphorus (by 20%) was significantly higher in the femurs of rats that received L-tryptophan (at a dose of 80 mg/kg per os) for 28 days compared to the control parameters. The rate of oxygen consumption, density and biophysical properties of the femurs did not change. As a result of the consumption for three months of a high-calorie diet (580 kcal/100 g) in experimental rats clear features of obesity evolved. Thus, they had a greater visceral fat mass (by 145%), a visceral fat mass to body weight ratio (by 122%), and an obesity index (by 145%). In rats with alimentary obesity, the calcium and phosphorus content in the femurs was significantly reduced by 28 and 24%, respectively, and the rate of oxygen consumption was 45% lower than in control animals. Femur bearing capacity, strength limit, and stiffness were significantly lower, namely on 23, 11, and 37%, respectively. Administration of L-tryptophan to rats, against the background of consumption of a high-calorie diet, inhibited the development of obesity. Visceral fat mass and its ratio to body weight in this group of rats were 38 and 23% lower, respectively, compared to the obese group. The concentration of calcium (by 32%) and phosphorus (by 25%) and oxygen consumption rates (by 31%) were significantly greater compared to rats fed only the high-calorie diet. Our research shows that the administration of L-tryptophan to obese animals can prevent the development of negative changes in bone tissue.
BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF THE HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM FUNCTIONAL STATE IN BLOOD SERUM OF RATS UNDER THE ACTION OF SODIUM BENZOATE AND ASCORBIC ACID
Authors:   Fedkovich Chernovtsy National University, Ukraine, Ketsa O.V. , Makarchuk, S.S. ,   Fedkovich Chernovtsy National University, Ukraine, Marchenko M.M. ,   Fedkovich Chernovtsy National University, Ukraine
Published: January 2023

One of the most common chemical compounds with antimi- crobial properties, which are often used in the food industry, are preservatives, among which sodium benzoate occupies a prominent place. The use of this xenobiotic in combination with other food additives, in particular with ascorbic acid, will contribute to their interaction in the body with the forma- tion of toxic substances. This makes it necessary to study the mechanisms of their action on tissues and organs, in particular, the the liver. The influence of sodium benzoate (750 mg/kg) and ascorbic acid (30 mg/kg) on liver functional state of rats were studied in the work. The introduction of food additives was administered per os during the 21 days. The functional state of the hepatobiliary system was evaluated by the enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino- transferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), the levels of total and direct bilirubin, and the thymol test indicator. It was shown that the three-week introduction of sodium benzoate into the body leads to an increase in the enzyme activities of ALT, AST, and GGT in the blood serum, which indicates the hepatotoxic effect of the studied xenobiotic. Along with this, the protein-synthetic function of the liver decreases, as evidenced by an increase in the thymol test. The combined administration of sodium benzoate with ascorbic acid leads to more pronounced hyperfermentemia of ALT, AST, and GGT in blood serum and an increase in the content of total and direct bilirubin. Thus, the introduction of sodium benzoate together with ascorbic acid increases the destructive effect of sodium benzoate on the organs of the hepatobiliary system.
NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN SYSTEMIC COMPLICATIONS OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Authors:   Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital, Ukraine, Chooklin S. , Chuklin S. ,   St. Paraskeva Medical Center, Lviv, Ukraine, Barylyak R. ,   Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital, Ukraine
Published: January 2023

The review focuses on the role of neutrophilic extracellular traps (NETs) in systemic complications of acute pancreatitis. NETs can activate trypsin, cause inflammation and pancreatic tissue damage, and clog the excretory ducts. The main fatal complications of acute pancreatitis, such as acute lung injury, kidney, myocardial and CNS damage, intestinal dysfunction, hemocoagulation disorders are associated with NETs. Focusing on the formation and degradation of NETs may be a way to develop strategies for treating organ damage in severe acute pancreatitis. Current data on the use of NET-targeted therapy in experimental severe acute pancreatitis, which is aimed at blocking the NETs formation and disassembly of the DNA scaffold, inhibition of proteins toxicity in NETs, are considered.
Brief research history and modern knowledge of the phenomenon of submarine groundwater discharge on the sea and ocean shelves
Authors: IEMELIANOV V.O. , KIRIAKOV P.O. , RYBAK O.M. , PARYSHEV O.O. , MASLAKOV M.O. , KLOCHKOV S.V.
Published: January 2023

Groundwater is widely spread both on land and under seas and oceans. Today, hydrogeologists and oceanologists recognize the potentially significant contribution of submarine groundwater discharge to coastal areas. The term submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is commonly used to describe sources below sea level. It should be noted that submarine waters also include the sources located within tidal (littoral) zones, although they get underwater only during high tides. Observation of submarine discharge showed its significant impact on the ecological condition of coastal structures. Along with the percolation of underground water along most of the world’s coastlines, a significant amount of fresh water and substances dissolved in it is spread across large areas. However, the role of such a phenomenon as submarine discharge for coastal communities is practically not considered. The article gives examples from many literary sources, highlighting the importance of submarine discharge sources for local population in their everyday activities for many centuries. This is a source of drinking water, hygienic product, water for agriculture, fishing, shipping, culture, and tourism. In many parts of the world, there are sources of submarine discharge, which have a unique shape and are considered important only because of their exceptional nature and the habitat of freshwater organisms. These examples confirm the uniqueness of such a phenomenon of live activity of coastal communities. As a result, there is a necessity for a comprehensive approach to the study of submarine discharge, which is relevant not only from the point of view of changes in coastal environment but also from the point of view of the global circulation of water and substances on Earth.
Rappresentazioni mentali e serie interpretative. L’infinito e Alla luna in polacco
Authors:   Università di Bologna, Italia, Ceccherelli Andrea
Published: January 2023

The article examines the Polish ‘translation series’ of two idylls by Giacomo Leopardi: L’infinito and Alla luna, focusing on selected linguistic and cultural factors behind the translators’ choices. In L’Infinito, one notices a recurrent difficulty in effectively rendering the alternation of the demonstratives questo and quello and the key metaphor of naufragare. In both cases, the purported Polish lexical counterparts fail to produce an adequate mental representation, and as a result the scene constructed by the translators hardly conveys the scene constructed by the author. For their part, the Polish versions of Alla luna display a striking interpretative tradition of the last verse, with the second che in ‘ancor che triste e che l’affanno duri’ understood by all translators in an optative sense (as a wish), rather than in a concessive sense. Having used the variantist approach to show that the intentio auctoris unequivocally provides a concessive phrase and that the intentio operis does not admit the stereotype of masochism (a degeneration of the topos of Leopardi as a Weltschmerz poet), I focus on the intentio interpretis (a specific form of intentio lectoris) and argue that this tradition of translatory infidelity stems not only from the probable reliance of each version on its predecessor(s) (typical of what textual philology calls ‘conjunctive errors’), but also – given the absence of such an interpretative tradition in other languages and cultures – from the Polish translators’s unconscious mental predisposition to accept such a misrepresentation. The roots of this predisposition are to be found in the history of Polish culture as it has been formed – and deformed – since the 19th century, when the cult of suffering became central to it.
Stanisław Brzozowski: lettore di Leopardi
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie, Polonia, Masi Leonardo
Published: January 2023

Polish philosopher Stanisław Brzozowski (1878–1911) spent the last five years of his life almost entirely in Italy (in Nervi and in Florence). The article traces back the chronology of his encounter with Italian culture, also explaining his idea of culture. In particular, his reading of Giacomo Leopardi is examined. Leopardi had been known in Poland since the 1880s, mainly through Edward Porębowicz’s translation of his poems, but Brzozowski in all probability first read him in Nervi in 1907. Subsequently, he mentioned Leopardi a few times in his own writings. These references are highly significant as they offer an original interpretation, which is not influenced by the ‘existentialist’ reading dominant at the beginning of the twentieth century. Instead, Brzozowski foregrounds other aspects of Leopardi’s philosophy, including his connection with Italian history and culture of the past (Brzozowski considered Leopardi’s demystifying urge interwoven with patriotic feelings to be a recommendable model for the moral renewal of Poland), the materialist and ‘pre-communist’ element, and the enigmatic juxtaposition of the figure of Leopardi and that of the Buddha. In the article, I compare these insights with other contemporaneous and prior readings of Leopardi (von Meysenbug, De Sanctis, Labriola, and Croce) in order to show that some of Brzozowski’s intuitions anticipated interpretations of Leopardi proposed by intellectuals in the following decades (from Rensi to Cioran). Brzozowski’s readings of Leopardi are retraced on the basis of the Polish philosopher’s correspondence, his published works, unpublished manuscripts and notes and by consulting the check-out log book of the Gabinetto di Lettura Vieusseux in Florence.
Formare l’homo sovieticus. L’influsso dell’ideologia comunista sulle prime traduzioni polacche delle filastrocche di Gianni Rodari
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie, Polonia, Nicewicz Ewa
Published: January 2023

Gianni Rodari’s works first appeared in Poland when he was yet little known, if not rather unpopular, in his homeland. In the 1950s, Italian criticism ignored Rodari’s literary efforts as a ‘militant’ communist, his works only reached a narrow circle of readers, and it would take some years until he garnered popularity in his homeland. Meanwhile, what the Italians failed to appreciate appeared to be gaining an almost instant recognition in the USSR and the Eastern Bloc countries. As a member of the Italian Communist Party, the Editor-in-Chief of the children’s magazine Pioniere, and an eager supporter of communism, Rodari won favour with the authorities of the Polish People’s Republic. The earliest translations of Rodari’s poetry were published in the Polish press as early as in 1953. They were based on Russian translations by Samuil Marshak, whom the Polish authorities notably considered a perfect children’s writer. Both Russian and Polish versions of Rodari’s poemst tend to differ greatly from the original texts and to bear a heavy ideological imprint. My argument in this article seeks to answer the following questions: Which of Rodari’s poems were translated into Polish in the 1950s and by whom? How are they different from the Italian originals? What was their reception in Poland? How was Rodari portrayed in Poland at the time?