bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural basis of major depressive disorder: Beyond monoamine hypothesis
Authors: Boku Shuken , Nakagawa Shin , Toda Hiroyuki , Hishimoto Akitoyo
Published: September 2017

The monoamine hypothesis has been accepted as the most common hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) for a long period because of its simplicity and understandability. Actually, most currently used antidepressants have been considered to act based on the monoamine hypothesis. However, an important problem of the monoamine hypothesis has been pointed out as follows: it fails to explain the latency of response to antidepressants. In addition, many patients with MDD have remained refractory to currently used antidepressants. Therefore, monoamine‐alternate hypotheses are required to explain the latency of response to antidepressants. Such hypotheses have been expected to contribute to identifying hopeful new therapeutic targets for MDD. Past studies have revealed that the volume of the hippocampus is decreased in patients with MDD, which is likely caused by the failure of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and following elevation of glucocorticoids. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the volume of the hippocampus: (i) the neuroplasticity hypothesis; and (ii) the neurogenesis hypothesis. The neuroplasticity hypothesis explains how the hippocampal volume is decreased by the morphological changes of hippocampal neurons, such as the shortening length of dendrites and the decreased number and density of spines. The neurogenesis hypothesis explains how the hippocampal volume is decreased by the decrease of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. These hypotheses are able to explain the latency of response to antidepressants. In this review, we first overview how the neuroplasticity and neurogenesis hypotheses have been developed. We then describe the details of these hypotheses.
Political corruption
Authors: Ceva Emanuela , Ferretti Maria Paola
Published: September 2017

The corruption of public officials and institutions is generally regarded as wrong. But in what exactly does this form of corruption consist and what kind of wrong does it imply? This article aims to take stock of the current philosophical discussion of the different senses in which political corruption is generally wrong, beyond the specific negative legal, economic, and social costs it may happen to have in specific circumstances. Political corruption is usually presented as a pathology of the public order. Therefore, the senses in which political corruption has been presented as wrong have varied depending on the normative theory of the public order that is presupposed. In this article, we offer a critical presentation of two major interpretations of the wrongfulness of political corruption that draw respectively on a neo‐republican and a liberal account of the public order. Finally, we show how the analytical distinction between these approaches has important normative implications for the identification of relevant cases of political corruption.
Understanding Manufactured Exporters at the Firm‐Level: New Insights from Using SARS Administrative Data
Authors: Matthee Marianne , Rankin Neil , Webb Tasha , Bezuidenhout Carli
Published: September 2017

Existing South African work on firm‐level data has been limited by access to large datasets that track firms over time. This paper overcomes this by analysing a new dataset of the population of manufacturing firms that are matched to their export transactions. South African firm‐level exporting is similar to the stylised facts of firm‐level exporting found internationally. Moreover, heterogeneity that exists within exporting is evident. Not only do exporters differ in terms of the amount exported, but also in terms of the number of products and destinations they export too. These in turn are related to firm‐level characteristics including productivity.
Impact of an educational intervention for district nurses about preparedness to encounter women exposed to intimate partner violence
Authors: Sundborg Eva , Törnkvist Lena , Wändell Per , Saleh‐Stattin Nouha
Published: September 2017

Aim

To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on the preparedness of district nurses at primary healthcare centres to encounter women exposed to intimate partner violence.

Methodological design

An observational quasi‐experimental study. Participants were divided into an intervention group (n = 117) and a control group (n = 204), both from the eastern part of Sweden. A group of nurses from across Sweden (the ‘national group,’ n = 217) was also recruited. The Violence Against Women Health Care Provider Survey was used pre‐ and 1 year postintervention to measure the intervention's impact. This survey, which measured preparedness, included eight factors: practitioner preparedness, self‐confidence, lack of control, comfort following disclosure, professional support, practice pressures, abuse inquiry and consequences of asking. anova, the paired Wilcoxon test, the Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used to analyse the data.

Findings

Pre‐intervention preparedness was equal in all three groups. In the intervention group, preparedness related to the factor practitioner lack of control increased (p = 0.003), but a comparison of change between the intervention and control groups showed no significant intervention effect (p = 0.069).

Conclusions

The results indicate that the intervention had a low impact on district nurses’ preparedness. The educational intervention must be adjusted; a main focus of changes should be the addition of continuing postintervention supervision and support.
Adolescents’ lived experiences of making health choices: an ethical point of view
Authors: Moilanen Tanja , Pietilä Anna‐Maija , Coffey Margaret , Sinikallio Sanna , Kangasniemi Mari
Published: September 2017

This study describes and interprets adolescents’ lived experiences of their rights, duties and responsibilities in relation to their health choices. Fourteen focus group interviews with 67 adolescents aged 15 and 16 were conducted and analysed using the phenomenological hermeneutical method. Adolescents’ lived experiences of their rights in relation to their health choices were described as things that were allowed. Duties and responsibilities were perceived as something that they were required to carry out for their own health or other people's health. Although their experiences of rights, duties and responsibilities overlapped, they referred to different aspects of their health choices. Adolescents viewed their rights, duties and responsibilities in the wider context, with parents and society defining their opportunities to make independent choices. We found that ethical considerations influenced adolescents’ choices and, the opportunities to exercise their rights, duties and responsibilities varied. Further consideration and recognition of these issues are needed.
Interactive effects of music tempi and intensities on grip strength and subjective affect
Authors: Karageorghis C. I. , Cheek P. , Simpson S. D. , Bigliassi M.
Published: September 2017

Pretask music is widely used by athletes albeit there is scant empirical evidence to support its use. The present study extended a line of work into pretask music by examining the interactive effects of music tempo and intensity (volume) on the performance of a simple motor skill and subjective affect. A 2 × 2 within‐subjects factorial design was employed with an additional no‐music control, the scores from which were used as a covariate. A sample of 52 male athletes (Mage = 26.1 ± 4.8 years) was exposed to five conditions: fast/loud (126 bpm/80 dBA), fast/quiet (126 bpm/70 dBA), slow/loud (87 bpm/80 dBA), slow/quiet (87 bpm/70 dBA) music, and a no‐music control. Dependent variables were grip strength, measured with a handgrip dynamometer, and subjective affect, assessed by use of the Affect Grid. The tempo and intensity components of music had interactive effects for grip strength but only main effects for subjective affect. Fast‐tempo music played at a high intensity yielded the highest grip strength, while fast‐tempo music played at a low‐intensity resulted in much lower grip strength (Mdiff. = −1.11 Force kg). For affective valence, there were main effects of tempo and intensity, with fast and loud music yielding the highest scores. For affective arousal, there was no difference between tempi although there was between intensities, with the high‐intensity condition yielding higher scores. The present findings indicate the utility of fast/loud pretask music in enhancing affective valence and arousal in preparation for a simple or gross motor task.
The preeminent sacred symbol: Theorizing image of God outcomes
Authors: Draper Scott
Published: September 2017

Images of God are the most consequential religious beliefs known to social science. Although sociologists have identified a wide and diverse range of outcomes of imagining different versions of God, more work is needed to show how these outcomes fit together within a multistep theoretical framework. To lay groundwork for such a theory, the present paper (a) briefly summarizes major theoretical perspectives on sources and outcomes of images of God, from psychology, social psychology, and sociology; (b) reviews a wide range of studies that identify specific outcomes of different images of God; and (c) recommends a new theoretical direction based on (a) and (b). Although this new direction will need to be developed in substantially greater detail in another context, the starting point for such work, suggested here, is that images of God function as humans' preeminent sacred symbols. This insight helps bridge an unnecessary chasm between Durkheim's theory of ritual and Stark's theory of gods.
3D analysis of mitosis distribution highlights the longitudinal zonation and diarch symmetry in proliferation activity of the Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem
Authors: Lavrekha Viktoriya V. , Pasternak Taras , Ivanov Victor B. , Palme Klaus , Mironova Victoria V.
Published: September 2017

To date CYCB1;1 marker and cortex cell lengths have been conventionally used to determine the proliferation activity of the Arabidopsis root meristem. By creating a 3D map of mitosis distribution we showed that these markers overlooked that stele and endodermis save their potency to divide longer than the cortex and epidermis. Cessation of cell divisions is not a random process, so that mitotic activity within the endodermis and stele shows a diarch pattern. Mitotic activity of all root tissues peaked at the same distance from the quiescent center (QC); however, different tissues stopped dividing at different distances, with cells of the protophloem exiting the cell cycle first and the procambial cells being the last. The robust profile of mitotic activity in the root tip defines the longitudinal zonation in the meristem with the proliferation domain, where all cells are able to divide; and the transition domain, where the cell files cease to divide. 3D analysis of cytokinin deficient and cytokinin signaling mutants showed that their proliferation domain is similar to that of the wild type, but the transition domain is much longer. Our data suggest a strong inhibitory effect of cytokinin on anticlinal cell divisions in the stele.
Murine red blood cells from genetically distinct donors cross‐regulate when stored together
Authors: Hay Ariel , Howie Heather L. , Waterman Hayley R. , de Wolski Karen , Zimring James C.
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Donor variability of red blood cell (RBC) storage has been observed in both humans and animal models. We utilized a strain of mice with RBCs known to store well (B6) and a strain known to store poorly (FVB) to test the hypothesis that RBCs affected the storage of other RBCs.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Five strains of mice were used: 1) transgenic B6 mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in their RBCs (GFP.B6), 2) wild‐type B6 mice, 3) wild‐type FVB mice, 4) F1 crosses between GFP.B6 and FVB mice (GFP.F1), and 5) the analogous wild‐type (B6xFVB) F1 cross. GFP.B6 or GFP.F1 RBCs were mixed with wild‐type (non‐GFP) RBCs from B6 or FVB strains before storage. Twenty‐four–hour RBC recoveries were determined for stored RBCs by enumerating circulating GFP+ RBCs by flow cytometry.

RESULTS

Twenty‐four–hour recoveries of GFP.F1 RBCs was increased by co‐storage with B6 RBCs but decreased by co‐storage with FVB RBCs. This effect was dose dependent when tested with GFP.B6 RBCs; the more FVB blood added, the worse the 24‐hour recoveries became. RBC cross‐regulation did not occur when B6 and FVB RBCs were separated by a semipermeable membrane with a 0.4‐µm size cutoff.

CONCLUSION

These findings demonstrate that RBCs affect the storage of other RBCs, in both positive and negative directions, indicating not only that RBC storage is intrinsic to the RBC but that RBC–RBC communication occurs. Additional studies will be required to determine the nature of this effect and if these findings translate into human RBC storage.
Effect of prophylactic cefalexin treatment on the development of bacterial infection in acute radiation‐induced dermatitis in dogs: a blinded randomized controlled prospective clinical trial
Authors: Keyerleber Michele A. , Ferrer Lluís
Published: September 2017

Background

Acute radiation‐induced dermatitis (ARID) is a common sequela of radiation therapy and carries the risk of secondary bacterial skin infection. No standard of care exists for managing canine ARID and evidence‐based guidelines are lacking; however, prophylactic use of antibiotics is common.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To evaluate the impact of prophylactic cefalexin on the prevalence and severity of bacterial infection in canine ARID.

Animals

Seventeen dogs treated with definitive‐intent radiotherapy.

Methods

All dogs were treated with definitive‐intent radiation therapy (48–57.5 gray) targeted to the skin surface. Dogs were randomized to receive either prophylactic cefalexin (22 mg/kg twice daily) beginning halfway through the prescribed radiotherapy course (cohort A) or to serve as controls (cohort B). Aerobic skin cultures and surface cytological evaluation were performed at first onset of moist desquamation and one week following completion of radiation therapy. Skin toxicity grading and owner quality of life (QoL) questionnaires were performed weekly. The rate of infection, multidrug resistance status, toxicity severity and QoL between cohorts were compared.

Results

Staphylococcus schleiferi and S. pseudintermedius were the most frequent bacterial agents isolated in both cohorts. There was no significant difference in prevalence of bacterial infection or overall QoL between cohorts at either time point; however, multidrug‐resistant infections were significantly increased in cohort A versus cohort B. Clinician‐ and client‐perceived severity of toxicity was significantly greater and median duration of moist desquamation was significantly longer in cohort A than cohort B.

Conclusions and clinical importance

Prophylactic use of cefalexin for management of canine ARID is not recommended.
Microbial profile and its changing rates of Lake Burullus, Egypt as wastewater receiving body
Authors: Mousa Ibrahim E. , Emara Isalm K. , Farfour Safinaz A. , Eldourghamy Ayman S.
Published: September 2017

Understanding the impacts of seasonal variations on fate and distribution of natural and introduced microbes are important for proper public health, risk assessment and water management of Lake Burullus, Egypt (LB) as water receiving body. The effects of mixing processes on microbial loads in Lake and discharged aquacultural wastewater (AQ) and agricultural drainages (AG) were assessed. Microbiological examinations of discharged waters in this study revealed that total bacterial count (TBC), and total coliform count (TCC) were significantly high at P ≤ 0.05 in aquacultural wastewater than both LB and AG. Total fecal coliform count (TFC) and total fecal streptococcus (TFS) were determined and showed that AG has significantly high at P ≤ 0.05 comparing to both LB and AQ. No seasonal differences in‐between all indictors values of LB, while AG wastewater values were mostly higher than both AQ and LB water samples with declining attitude between sampling points. In case of TBC, TCC and TFC, the microbial loads of lake water were highly affected by receiving water but in case of TSF, the water shows no affects. Contrary, for discharged waters, both show reduction in count that is meaning of dilution processes. As excessive discharge of raw wastewater may present a risk related to high increased rate of TBC and TCC in lake water annually by 27.8 and 33.0% at 500 m points, respectively.
Direct Visualization of Mechanical Beats by Means of an Oscillating Smartphone
Authors: Giménez Marcos H. , Salinas Isabel , Monsoriu Juan A. , Castro-Palacio Juan C.
Published: September 2017

The resonance phenomenon is widely known in physics courses. Qualitatively speaking, resonance takes place in a driven oscillating system whenever the frequency approaches the natural frequency, resulting in maximal oscillatory amplitude. Very closely related to resonance is the phenomenon of mechanical beating, which occurs when the driving and natural frequencies of the system are slightly different. The frequency of the beat is just the difference of the natural and driving frequencies. Beats are very familiar in acoustic systems. There are several works in this journal on visualizing the beats in acoustic systems. For instance, the microphone and the speaker of two mobile devices were used in previous work to analyze the acoustic beats produced by two signals of close frequencies. The formation of beats can also be visualized in mechanical systems, such as a mass-spring system or a double-driven string. Here, the mechanical beats in a smartphone-spring system are directly visualized in a simple way. The frequency of the beats is measured by means of the acceleration sensor of a smartphone, which hangs from a spring attached to a mechanical driver. This laboratory experiment is suitable for both high school and first-year university physics courses.
Nature Inspired Optimization Algorithms Related to Physical Phenomena and Laws of Science: A Survey
Authors: Alexandros Tzanetos , Georgios Dounias
Published: September 2017

In the last decade a new variety of nature inspired optimization algorithms has been appeared. After the swarm based models, researchers turned their inspiration in nature phenomena and laws of science. In this way a new category of algorithms was born, equally effective or even sometimes superior to known algorithms for optimization problems, like genetic algorithms and swarm intelligence schemes. The present survey depicts the evolution of research on nature inspired optimization algorithms related to physical phenomena and laws of science and discusses the possibilities of using the presented approaches in a number of different applications. An attempt has been made to draw conclusions on what algorithm could be used in which different problem areas, for those approaches that this information could be extracted from the related papers studied. The paper also underlines the usage of this kind of nature inspired algorithms in industrial research problems, due to their better confrontation with optimization problems represented with nodes and edges.
Arf good semigroups
Authors: Zito Giuseppe
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we study the property of the Arf good subsemigroups of [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text]. We give a way to compute all the Arf semigroups with a given collection of multiplicity branches. We also deal with the problem of determining the Arf closure of a set of vectors and of a good semigroup, extending the concept of characters of an Arf numerical semigroup to Arf good semigroups.
Projective dimension and regularity of path ideals of cycles
Authors: Zhu Guangjun
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we study the generalized path ideals, which is a new class of path ideals of cycle graphs. These ideals naturally generalize the standard path ideals of cycles, as studied by Alilooee and Faridi [On the resolution of path ideals of cycles, Comm. Algebra 43 (2015) 5413–5433]. We give some formulas to compute all the top degree graded Betti numbers of these path ideals of cycle graphs. As a consequence, we can give some formulas to compute their projective dimension and regularity.
Tsunami Analysis Method with High-Fidelity Crustal Structure and Geometry Model
Authors: Ichimura Tsuyoshi , Agata Ryoichiro , Hori Takane , Satake Kenji , Ando Kazuto , Baba Toshitaka , Hori Mueno
Published: September 2017

Higher fidelity seafloor topography and crustal structure models have become available with accumulation of observation data. Previous studies have shown that the consideration of such high-fidelity models produces significant effects, in some cases, on crustal deformation results that are used as inputs for tsunami analysis. However, it is difficult to apply high-fidelity model of crustal deformation computations to tsunami computations because of large computational costs. In this paper, we propose a new crustal deformation computation method for estimating inputs for tsunami computations, which is based on a finite element analysis method with remarkable reduction of computation costs by efficient use of the arithmetic space and the solution space. This finite element analysis method enables us to conduct [Formula: see text]-times crustal deformation computations using high-fidelity models with a degree of freedom on the order of [Formula: see text] for the 2011 Tohoku earthquake example. Tsunami computations with typical settings are conducted as an application example to present the advantages and characteristics of the proposed method. Comparisons between results of the proposed and the conventional method reveal that large shallow fault slip around the trench axis may lead to significant differences in tsunami waveforms and inundation height distributions in some cases.
Proof Complexity Modulo the Polynomial Hierarchy
Authors: Chen Hubie
Published: September 2017

We present and study a framework in which one can present alternation-based lower bounds on proof length in proof systems for quantified Boolean formulas. A key notion in this framework is that of
proof system ensemble
, which is (essentially) a sequence of proof systems where, for each, proof checking can be performed in the polynomial hierarchy. We introduce a proof system ensemble called
relaxing QU-res
that is based on the established proof system
QU-resolution
. Our main results include an exponential separation of the treelike and general versions of relaxing QU-res and an exponential lower bound for relaxing QU-res; these are analogs of classical results in propositional proof complexity.
A Logic-Based Approach for the Verification of UML Timed Models
Authors: Baresi Luciano , Morzenti Angelo , Motta Alfredo , K. Mohammad Mehdi Pourhashem , Rossi Matteo
Published: September 2017

This article presents a novel technique to formally verify models of real-time systems captured through a set of heterogeneous UML diagrams. The technique is based on the following key elements: (i) a subset of Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams, called Coretto UML (C-UML), which allows designers to describe the components of the system and their behavior through several kinds of diagrams (e.g., state machine diagrams, sequence diagrams, activity diagrams, interaction overview diagrams), and stereotypes taken from the UML Profile for Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded Systems; (ii) a formal semantics of C-UML diagrams, defined through formulae of the metric temporal logic Tempo Reale ImplicitO (TRIO); and (iii) a tool, called Corretto, which implements the aforementioned semantics and allows users to carry out formal verification tasks on modeled systems. We validate the feasibility of our approach through a set of different case studies, taken from both the academic and the industrial domain.
Assessment Method of Multipath Mitigation Performance for GNSS Antenna with Receiver Algorithms
Authors: Yuan Muzi , Li Du , Li Baiyu , Chen Huaming , Ou Gang
Published: September 2017

Multipath is one of the most important sources of positioning error in GNSS. Well-designed antennas can mitigate multipath signals and enhance the performance of GNSS receivers. This paper concentrates on methods to assess multipath mitigation performance for GNSS antennas. We propose a model to describe multipath environment in GNSS ground stations. The model analyzes effects caused by inclined reflective surfaces and multipath mitigating algorithms in receivers. A method to assess multipath mitigation performance is put forward by analyzing pseudorange code phase errors caused by multipath signals after signal processing. Based on the model and method, principles in site selection for GNSS antenna are introduced to minimize effects caused by multipath.
Photoresist Removal Using H Radicals Generated by Iridium Hot-Wire Catalyst
Authors: Yamamoto Masashi , Nagaoka Shiro , Umemoto Hironobu , Ohdaira Keisuke , Nishiyama Takashi , Horibe Hideo
Published: September 2017

We examined an environmentally friendly photoresist removal method using H radicals produced by decomposing hydrogen on a hot iridium catalyst. We examined the relationship between photoresist removal rate and its surface temperature using thin film interference and the removal properties using H radicals produced by the Ir catalyst. Decomposition behavior at polymer surface by radicals may be analyzed in further detail from the aspect of kinetics. Additionally, we investigated the oxygen addition effects on the removal rate. The photoresist removal rate increased with the oxygen additive amount and then decreased more gradually than in the case of using W filament. The increasing behavior was similar but there was a large difference between W and Ir catalyst in the decreasing behavior.
A Masked, Randomized, Phase 3 Comparison of Triple Fixed-Combination Bimatoprost/Brimonidine/Timolol versus Fixed-Combination Brimonidine/Timolol for Lowering Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Hartleben Curt , Parra Juan Camilo , Batoosingh Amy , Bernstein Paula , Goodkin Margot
Published: September 2017

Objective.To evaluate the efficacy and safety of triple fixed-combination bimatoprost 0.01%/brimonidine 0.15%/timolol 0.5% (TFC) versus dual fixed-combination brimonidine 0.2%/timolol 0.5% (DFC) in primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.Methods.Patients with intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥23 and ≤34 mmHg were randomized to twice-daily TFC or DFC. The primary variable is the change in worse eye mean IOP from baseline at week 12 (modified intent-to-treat (mITT) population). Secondary endpoints are mean IOP and mean change from baseline at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 (mITT population). TFC superiority was demonstrated if the primary variable favored TFC (p≤0.05). Sensitivity analyses were conducted, and safety was assessed at all visits.Results.TFC (n=93) provided greater IOP reductions from baseline than DFC (n=97) at week 12 (treatment difference, 0.85 mmHg;p=0.028) and all other visits. TFC was also superior to DFC in patients with high baseline IOP (i.e., IOP ≥ 25 mmHg;p≤0.011). Conjunctival hyperemia, ocular irritation, and dry eye were reported more often with TFC (p≤0.016); however, discontinuations for ocular adverse events were similar between treatments.Conclusions.TFC demonstrated IOP-lowering benefits that outweigh the risk of predominantly mild ocular side effects, which may be particularly relevant in patients who require greater IOP lowering to prevent/delay disease progression. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov registry number:NCT01241240.
The Research on Information Representation of Φ-OTDR Distributed Vibration Signals
Authors: Hu Yanzhu , Wang Song , Wang Zhaoyang , Zhang Yixin
Published: September 2017

This paper mainly focuses on the representable problem of Φ-OTDR distributed vibration signals. The research included a signal extraction part and a signal representation part. Firstly, in order to extract the better Φ-OTDR signal, the time-domain data should be fully preserved. The 2D-TESP method is used to extract data in this paper. There are 29 characters in the traditional TESP method. The characters’ number is reduced from 29 to 13 and the characters’ dimension is expanded from 1 to 2 in the 2D-TESP method. Secondly, in order to represent Φ-OTDR signal better, the characteristics of Φ-OTDR data and damped vibration signals are combined in the paper. The EMD method and the NMF method are combined to form the new method in the paper. Some parameters in the proposed method are optimized and adjusted by GA method. After Φ-OTDR data is represented by the proposed method, there is excellent performance both on the length dimension and on the time dimension. Lastly, some experiments are carried out according to the physical truth in this paper. The experiments are carried out in the semianechoic room. The methods of the paper have better performance. The methods are proved to be effective through these experiments.
Intracranial Hemorrhage Complicating Herpes Simplex Encephalitis on Antiviral Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: ElShimy Ghada , Mariyam Joy Christina , Berlin Fred , Lashin Waleed
Published: September 2017

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is the most common cause of nonendemic sporadic encephalitis in the USA. Decreased mortality with early treatment with acyclovir has been documented. Although common complications include cortical petechial hemorrhages, frank intracerebral hematomas are considered very rare. Only few cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of HSV encephalitis complicated by intracerebral hemorrhage 12 days after initiation of acyclovir therapy.
Epipolar Plane Image Rectification and Flat Surface Detection in Light Field
Authors: Si Lipeng , Zhu Hao , Wang Qing
Published: September 2017

Flat surface detection is one of the most common geometry inferences in computer vision. In this paper we propose detecting printed photos from original scenes, which fully exploit angular information of light field and characteristics of the flat surface. Unlike previous methods, our method does not need a prior depth estimation. The algorithm rectifies the mess epipolar lines in the epipolar plane image (EPI). Then feature points are extracted from light field data and used to compute an energy ratio in the depth distribution of the scene. Based on the energy ratio, a feature vector is constructed and we obtain robust detection of flat surface. Apart from flat surface detection, the kernel rectification algorithm in our method can be expanded to inclined plane refocusing and continuous depth estimation for flat surface. Experiments on the public datasets and our collections have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Triplane Fracture of the Proximal Tibia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Strelzow Jason , Aarvold Alexander , Reilly Christopher W.
Published: September 2017

Background. The triplane fracture, a unique transitional physeal injury, is classically described in the distal tibia. A small number of additional anatomic locations are documented in the orthopaedic literature. Methods. Available literature surrounding triplane fractures was reviewed. We describe a rare case of a proximal tibial triplane fracture in a thirteen-year-old girl, suffered during a skiing accident. Results. Using arthroscopically assisted percutaneous reduction techniques an anatomic reduction was achieved. Conclusion. We outline the surgical and postoperative techniques for management of this unique injury.
Knowledge and Attitude towards Exclusive Breast Feeding among Mothers Attending Antenatal and Immunization Clinic at Dabat Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Institution Based Study
Authors: Alamirew Mulugeta Wassie , Bayu Netsanet Habte , Birhan Tebeje Nigusie , Kassa Selam Fiseha
Published: September 2017

Introduction. To assess knowledge and attitude towards exclusive breast feeding among mothers attending antenatal care and immunization clinic in Dabat Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia, 2016. Methodology. Institutional based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The data was collected by using pretested, structured interview based questionnaires. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result. A total of 384 participants were included in the study with a response rate of 100%. The majority were in the age groups of 20–30 (66.9%) and the mean age was 27.65; 325 (84.6%) were Orthodox Christianity followers. Majority were of Amhara ethnicity 370 (96.4%). Based on knowledge score, 268 (69.8%) were grouped as having good knowledge and regarding attitudinal score, 92 (24%) of the study participants were categorized as having negative attitude towards exclusive breast feeding (EBF) and the remaining 292 (76%) were categorized as having positive attitude. Conclusion. In this study, the knowledge of study participant mothers towards EBF is low which is less than three-fourths; however positive attitude towards EBF is more than three-fourths in this study. The authors recommend that health care workers who work in the areas of maternal and child health clinic should give appropriate information about EBF.
Labor Induction with Orally Administrated Misoprostol: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wallstrom Tove , Jarnbert-Pettersson Hans , Stenson David , Akerud Helena , Darj Elisabeth , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina , Wiberg-Itzel Eva
Published: September 2017

Introduction. One great challenge in obstetric care is labor inductions. Misoprostol has advantages in being cheap and stable at room temperature and available in resource-poor settings. Material and Methods. Retrospective cohort study of 4002 singleton pregnancies with a gestational age ≥34 w at Sodersjukhuset, Stockholm, during 2009-2010 and 2012-2013. Previously used methods of labor induction were compared with misoprostol given as a solution to drink, every second hour. Main outcome is as follows: Cesarean Section (CS) rate, acid-base status in cord blood, Apgar score < 7,5′, active time of labor, and blood loss > 1500 ml (PPH). Results. The proportion of CS decreased from 26% to 17% when orally given solution of misoprostol was introduced at the clinic (p<0.001). No significant difference in the frequency of low Apgar score (p=0.3), low aPh in cord blood (p=0.1), or PPH (p=0.4) between the different methods of induction was studied. After adjustment for different risk factor for CS the only method of induction which was associated with CS was dinoproston⁎⁎ (Propess®) (aor = 2.9 (1.6–5.2)). Conclusion. Induction of labor with misoprostol, given as an oral solution to drink every second hour, gives a low rate of CS, without affecting maternal or fetal outcome.
Analysis of Drag Reduction Methods and Mechanisms of Turbulent
Authors: Yunqing Gu , Tao Liu , Jiegang Mu , Zhengzan Shi , Peijian Zhou
Published: September 2017

Turbulent flow is a difficult issue in fluid dynamics, the rules of which have not been totally revealed up to now. Fluid in turbulent state will result in a greater frictional force, which must consume great energy. Therefore, it is not only an important influence in saving energy and improving energy utilization rate but also an extensive application prospect in many fields, such as ship domain and aerospace. Firstly, bionic drag reduction technology is reviewed and is a hot research issue now, the drag reduction mechanism of body surface structure is analyzed, such as sharks, earthworms, and dolphins. Besides, we make a thorough study of drag reduction characteristics and mechanisms of microgrooved surface and compliant wall. Then, the relevant drag reduction technologies and mechanisms are discussed, focusing on the microbubbles, the vibrant flexible wall, the coating, the polymer drag reduction additives, superhydrophobic surface, jet surface, traveling wave surface drag reduction, and the composite drag reduction methods. Finally, applications and advancements of the drag reduction technology in turbulence are prospected.
Ileostomy Prolapse in Children with Intestinal Dysmotility
Authors: Sparks Eric A. , Velazco Cristine S. , Fullerton Brenna S. , Fisher Jeremy G. , Khan Faraz A. , Hall Amber M. , Jaksic Tom , Rodriguez Leonel , Modi Biren P.
Published: September 2017

Background. A relationship between intestinal motility and ileostomy prolapse has been suggested but not demonstrated objectively. Aims. This study evaluated the association between ileostomy prolapse and intestinal dysmotility in children. Methods. IRB-approved retrospective review of 163 patients with ileostomies (1998–2014) at a single institution. Patients were categorized as having clinical dysmotility as a primary diagnosis (n=33), clinically suspected dysmotility based on underlying diagnosis (n=60), or intestinal dysmotility unlikely (n=70) at the time of ileostomy present. Intestinal manometry was categorized as normal (n=13) or abnormal (n=10). Primary outcome was pathologic stoma prolapse. Multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model and log-rank test to compare stoma prolapse rates over time between motility groups were used. Results. Clinical diagnosis of dysmotility (p≤0.001) and manometric findings of dysmotility (p=0.024) were independently associated with stoma prolapse. Clinical dysmotility correlated with manometric findings (κ=0.53). Prolapse occurred in 42% of patients with dysmotility, 34% of patients with suspected dysmotility, and 24% of patients with normal motility. One-year prolapse-free stoma “survival” was 45% for dysmotility, 72% for suspected dysmotility, and 85% for intestinal dysmotility unlikely groups (p=0.006). Conclusions. Children with intestinal dysmotility are at great risk for stoma prolapse. Intestinal manometry could help identify these patients preoperatively.
Spiral Fracture in Young Infant Causing a Diagnostic Dilemma: Nutritional Rickets versus Child Abuse
Authors: Kaushal Sonia , Raisingani Manish , David Raphael , Shah Bina
Published: September 2017

Fractures are uncommon in young, nonambulatory infants. The differential diagnosis includes nonaccidental injury (NAI) and metabolic bone disease, including rickets. While rickets typically present after six months of age, multiple cases have been reported in younger infants. We report a case of an 11-week-old male infant who presented with a spiral fracture of the humerus and no radiologic evidence of rickets. A detailed psychosocial assessment failed to reveal any risk factors for NAI. The patient had elevated alkaline phosphatase and PTH with low 25 hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D levels. Additionally, the mother was noncompliant with prenatal vitamins, exclusively breastfeeding without vitamin D supplementation, and had markedly low vitamin D levels 15 weeks postpartum. The biochemical data and history were consistent with rickets. Given the diagnostic dilemma, the working diagnosis was rickets and the patient was started on ergocalciferol with subsequent normalization of his laboratory values and healing of the fracture. These findings are consistent with nutritional rickets largely due to maternal-fetal hypovitaminosis D. This case highlights that in young infants rickets should be considered even in the absence of positive radiologic findings. Additionally, it illustrates the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and early infancy.
Genomic Activation of PPARG Reveals a Candidate Therapeutic Axis in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Goldstein Jonathan T. , Berger Ashton C. , Shih Juliann , Duke Fujiko F. , Furst Laura , Kwiatkowski David J. , Cherniack Andrew D. , Meyerson Matthew , Strathdee Craig A.
Published: September 2017

The PPARG gene encoding the nuclear receptor PPARγ is activated in bladder cancer, either directly by gene amplification or mutation, or indirectly by mutation of the RXRA gene, which encodes the heterodimeric partner of PPARγ. Here, we show that activating alterations of PPARG or RXRA lead to a specific gene expression signature in bladder cancers. Reducing PPARG activity, whether by pharmacologic inhibition or genetic ablation, inhibited proliferation of PPARG-activated bladder cancer cells. Our results offer a preclinical proof of concept for PPARG as a candidate therapeutic target in bladder cancer. Cancer Res; 77(24); 6987–98. ©2017 AACR.
A Transposon Screen Identifies Loss of Primary Cilia as a Mechanism of Resistance to SMO Inhibitors
Authors: Zhao Xuesong , Pak Ekaterina , Ornell Kimberly J. , Pazyra-Murphy Maria F. , MacKenzie Ethan L. , Chadwick Emily J. , Ponomaryov Tatyana , Kelleher Joseph F. , Segal Rosalind A.
Published: September 2017

Drug resistance poses a great challenge to targeted cancer therapies. In Hedgehog pathway–dependent cancers, the scope of mechanisms enabling resistance to SMO inhibitors is not known. Here, we performed a transposon mutagenesis screen in medulloblastoma and identified multiple modes of resistance. Surprisingly, mutations in ciliogenesis genes represent a frequent cause of resistance, and patient datasets indicate that cilia loss constitutes a clinically relevant category of resistance. Conventionally, primary cilia are thought to enable oncogenic Hedgehog signaling. Paradoxically, we find that cilia loss protects tumor cells from susceptibility to SMO inhibitors and maintains a “persister” state that depends on continuous low output of the Hedgehog program. Persister cells can serve as a reservoir for further tumor evolution, as additional alterations synergize with cilia loss to generate aggressive recurrent tumors. Together, our findings reveal patterns of resistance and provide mechanistic insights for the role of cilia in tumor evolution and drug resistance.

Significance: Using a transposon screen and clinical datasets, we identified mutations in ciliogenesis genes as a new class of resistance to SMO inhibitors. Mechanistically, cilia-mutant tumors can either grow slowly in a “persister” state or evolve and progress rapidly in an “aggressive” state. Cancer Discov; 7(12); 1436–49. ©2017 AACR.

See related commentary by Goranci-Buzhala et al., p. 1374.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1355
Electrophysiological Indices of Audiovisual Speech Perception: Beyond the McGurk Effect and Speech in Noise
Authors: Irwin Julia , Avery Trey , Brancazio Lawrence , Turcios Jacqueline , Ryherd Kayleigh , Landi Nicole
Published: September 2017

Visual information on a talker’s face can influence what a listener hears. Commonly used approaches to study this include mismatched audiovisual stimuli (e.g., McGurk type stimuli) or visual speech in auditory noise. In this paper we discuss potential limitations of these approaches and introduce a novel visual phonemic restoration method. This method always presents the same visual stimulus (e.g., /ba/) dubbed with a matched auditory stimulus (/ba/) or one that has weakened consonantal information and sounds more /a/-like). When this reduced auditory stimulus (or /a/) is dubbed with the visual /ba/, a visual influence will result in effectively ‘restoring’ the weakened auditory cues so that the stimulus is perceived as a /ba/. An oddball design in which participants are asked to detect the /a/ among a stream of more frequently occurring /ba/s while either a speaking face or face with no visual speech was used. In addition, the same paradigm was presented for a second contrast in which participants detected /pa/ among /ba/s, a contrast which should be unaltered by the presence of visual speech. Behavioral and some ERP findings reflect the expected phonemic restoration for the /ba/ vs. /a/ contrast; specifically, we observed reduced accuracy and P300 response in the presence of visual speech. Further, we report an unexpected finding of reduced accuracy and P300 response for both speech contrasts in the presence of visual speech, suggesting overall modulation of the auditory signal in the presence of visual speech. Consistent with this, we observed a mismatch negativity (MMN) effect for the /ba/ vs. /pa/ contrast only that was larger in absence of visual speech. We discuss the potential utility for this paradigm for listeners who cannot respond actively, such as infants and individuals with developmental disabilities.
Auditory Rhythms Influence Judged Time to Contact of an Occluded Moving Object
Authors: Chotsrisuparat Chayada , Koning Arno , Jacobs Richard , van Lier Rob
Published: September 2017

We studied the expected moment of reappearance of a moving object after it disappeared from sight. In particular, we investigated whether auditory rhythms influence time to contact (TTC) judgments. Using displays in which a moving disk disappears behind an occluder, we examined whether an accompanying auditory rhythm influences the expected TTC of an occluded moving object. We manipulated a baseline auditory rhythm — consisting of equal sound and pause durations — in two ways: either the pause durations or the sound durations were increased to create slower rhythms. Participants had to press a button at the moment they expected the disk to reappear. Variations in pause duration (Experiments 1 and 2) affected expected TTC, in contrast to variations in sound duration (Experiment 3). These results show that auditory rhythms affect expected reappearance of an occluded moving object. Second, these results suggest that temporal auditory grouping is an important factor in TTC.
Atmospheric Turbulence Observations in the Vicinity of Surface Fires in Forested Environments
Authors: Heilman Warren E. , Bian Xindi , Clark Kenneth L. , Skowronski Nicholas S. , Hom John L. , Gallagher Michael R.
Published: September 2017

Ambient and fire-induced atmospheric turbulence in the vicinity of wildland fires can affect the behavior of those fires and the dispersion of smoke. The presence of forest overstory vegetation can further complicate the evolution of local turbulence regimes and their interaction with spreading fires and smoke plumes. Previous observational studies of wildland fire events in forested environments have shown that turbulence energy and anisotropy in the vicinity of spreading line fires exhibit temporal and spatial variability influenced by the presence of overstory vegetation. This study builds on those previous observational studies to further examine turbulence regimes during two wildland fires in forested environments, with an emphasis on the effects of forest canopies on turbulence energy budgets, the skewness in turbulent velocity distributions, and stability–anisotropy variations before, during, and after fire-front-passage periods. Analyses indicate that turbulence anisotropy tends to persist throughout the vertical extent of overstory vegetation layers even during highly buoyant fire-front-passage periods, with horizontal velocity perturbations dominating over vertical velocity perturbations. The analyses also suggest that the periods before and after fire-front passage in forested environments can be very different with respect to how diffusion and shear production concurrently affect the evolution of turbulence energy within the canopy layer. In addition, horizontal and vertical velocity distribution analyses carried out in this study suggest that spreading line fires can have a substantial effect on the skewness of daytime velocity distributions typically observed inside forest vegetation layers.