bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overview of the first HyMeX Special Observation Period over Croatia
Authors: Ivančan-Picek Branka , Tudor Martina , Horvath Kristian , Stanešić Antonio , Ivatek-Šahdan Ivatek
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The HYdrological cycle in the Mediterranean EXperiment (HyMeX) is intended to improve the capabilities to predict high impact weather events. In its framework, the first Special Observation Period (SOP1), 5 September to 6 November 2012, was aimed to study heavy precipitation events and flash floods. Here we present high impact weather events over Croatia that occurred during SOP1. A particular attention is given to eight Intense Observation Periods (IOP)s during which high precipitation occurred over the eastern Adriatic and Dinaric Alps. During the entire SOP1, the operational models forecasts generally represented well medium intensity precipitation, while heavy precipitation was frequently underestimated by the ALADIN 8 km and overestimated at higher resolution (2 km). During IOP2 intensive rainfall event occurred in wider area of the city of Rijeka in the northern Adriatic. Short-range maximum rainfall totals have achieved maximum values ever recorded at Rijeka station since the beginning of measurements in 1958. The rainfall amount measured in intervals of 20, 30 and 40 minutes could be expected once in a more than thousand, few hundreds and hundred years respectively, and they belong to the extraordinarily rare events. The operational precipitation forecast using ALADIN model at 8 km grid spacing underestimated the rainfall intensity. Evaluation of numerical sensitivity experiments suggested that forecast was slightly enhanced by improving the initial conditions through variational data assimilation. The operational non-hydrostatic run at 2 km grid spacing using configuration with ALARO physics package further improved the forecast. This article highlights the need for an intensive observation period in the future over the Adriatic region, to validate the simulated mechanisms and improve numerical weather prediction via data assimilation and model improvements in description of microphysics and air-sea interaction.
Gubernamentalidad, territorio y biopoder en los ´30: El Anuario Rural de la Provincia de Buenos Aires
Authors: Blacha Luis Ernesto , Cicirello Emmanuel
Published: August 2016

El proceso histórico 1930-1946 en la Argentina se caracteriza por la ampliación intervencionista del Estado, producto del crac neoyorquino de 1929, que pone fin al paradigma del crecimiento hacia afuera. Es un contexto de importantes transformaciones donde el intervencionismo se combina con el fraude electoral para dar lugar a un estricto control social, sin renunciar al país agropecuario. Las políticas públicas implementadas interpelan a los ciudadanos como productores y el intervencionismo adquiere un carácter transformador de las prácticas productivas y del medioambiente. El análisis del Anuario Rural de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, difundido por el Ministerio de Obras Públicas, permite comprender el proceso del Estado intervencionista, como expresión de la ampliación del Estado en sus aspectos técnicos y burocráticos Palabras clave: Estado. Territorio. Poder.
Entre a natureza ‘natural’ e a natureza ‘sonhada’: a propaganda de condomínios nas margens da represa Capivara, Rio Paranapanema, PR
Authors: Arruda Gilmar
Published: August 2016

No final do século XX, na represa Capivara, Rio Paranapanema, divisa dos estados de São Paulo e Paraná, emergiu um novo processo de incorporação das margens do lago por meio de chácaras, como casas secundárias. Alguns desses empreendimentos imobiliários utilizam-se de diversas estratégias de publicidade, como a impressão de fôlderes coloridos para a divulgação do empreendimento. Neste trabalho, pretende-se analisar um fôlder de um condomínio lançado no início dos anos 2000, seguindo duas perspectivas principais: a primeira considera as relações entre a sociedade de consumo, o chamado marketing verde e a era da ecologia; e a segunda investiga quais significados de natureza aparecem representados nesse fôlder. Neste texto investiga-se a ideia de natureza teria sido transformada em um grande shopping center, no qual se vende todos os tipos de produtos e, também, a quais demandas responderia a emergência do fenômeno das chácaras nas margens do lago de Capivara. Palavras-chave: História ambiental. Marketing verde. Condomínios. Vilegiatura.
O prazo de duração da prisão preventiva: um vazio legal no marco dos direitos humanos
Authors: Castilhos Tiago Oliveira de , Lazzari da Silveira Felipe
Published: August 2016

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar algumas questões relacionadas a ausência de previsão de prazo de duração da prisão preventiva no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, buscando, sobretudo, identificar a relação entre esse vazio legal e a ocorrência de violações de direitos e garantias fundamentais no curso do processo penal. A aplicação da prisão preventiva será analisada pelo viés da sua (in)aplicabilidade constitucional direcionando o debate a afetação ou não dos direitos fundamentais. Também será foco da crítica a ausência de prazo deste instituto tão bem usado e propagado na jurisprudência, inclusive sendo aplicada como medida prima facie no processo penal. Ainda, se não há prazo pode-se falar em excesso dele, ou seja, a análise será levantada no sentido de questionar a ausência como impedimento para a aplicação do entendimento de um excesso de prazo em tal medida. Ao final verterá, após a apresentação de todo o trabalho, a reflexão sobre o tema vertendo o entendimento de que é necessário que se estipule prazo para a aplicação da prisão preventiva e sanção para seu descumprimento.
Da textura aberta da linguagem à textura aberta do direito: o contributo de Wittgenstein e Waismann à filosofia jurídica de Hart
Authors: Bahia Charles Nunes
Published: August 2016

Hart trouxe ao campo jurídico a constatação de que o direito possui uma textura aberta. Toda essa abertura parecia ser uma consequência das imprecisões da linguagem. Um retorno a Wittgenstein e Waismann mostrava-se medida necessária para entender a vagueza normativa como uma consequência direta do fenômeno linguístico. Destarte, será sobre a relação simbiótica estabelecida entre as teorias desses três autores que se fundará o presente artigo.
Contraditório, processo e democracia: pilares da justiça contemporânea
Authors: Garcia Rafaela Schmitt
Published: August 2016

O presente trabalho tem por objeto o estudo do contraditório e o exercício democrático no âmbito processual. O objetivo é analisar o princípio mencionado, enquanto elemento essencial da concretização e efetivação da democracia e da justiça na esfera procedimental. Na primeira parte, cuida-se da caracterização e contextualização do princípio do contraditório. A segunda parte trata da relação entre processo e democracia, contemplando a reelaboração dos conceitos de processo e procedimento, chegando-se assim, à legitimação pela participação. Por fim, no terceiro momento, aborda-se a concretização da justiça através do exercício democrático no âmbito processual, concentrando-se no papel do magistrado perante o contraditório participativo, o processo cooperativo e o número crescente de demandas judiciais. A metodologia utilizada é a lógica-indutiva através de pesquisas bibliográficas.
Políticas públicas no estado democrático de direito: uma análise da legitimidade dos conselhos gestores e da judicialização das políticas públicas
Authors: Santos Sandra Ávila dos
Published: August 2016

Este artigo se propõe a discutir a democracia e sua legitimidade por meio das políticas públicas enquanto instrumentos de concretização de direitos fundamentais. Com foco nos conselhos gestores de políticas públicas e na atuação do Poder Judiciário, se analisará a legitimidade democrática e do fenômeno da judicialização das políticas. Na primeira parte o trabalho abordará inicialmente aspectos conceituais das políticas públicas. Na segunda parte se analisará sobre a implementação e efetivação de políticas públicas através dos conselhos gestores municipais, enquanto modo de se delimitar as possibilidades de coadunar os interesses públicos com a participação da população nos processos decisórios. Finalmente, na terceira parte será analisada a judicialização das políticas públicas como fenômeno (des)legitimado democraticamente, o que permitiria ou não a atuação do Poder Judiciário sobre as políticas públicas efetivadoras de direitos fundamentais.
An Econometric Assessment of Electricity Demand in the United States Using Utility-specific Panel Data and the Impact of Retail Competition on Prices
Authors: Ros Agustin J.
Published: August 2016

This paper uses a panel data of 72 U.S. electricity distribution companies during the period 1972-2009 to estimate structural demand and reduced-form price models. I find the own-price and income elasticity of demand for residential, commercial, and industrial customers that are generally consistent with the published economics literature. While static models work well for residential demand, dynamic models are more appropriate for the larger customer classes who require more time to adjust. Conditioning on the regressors, I find that residential and commercial electricity demand has been increasing slowly while industrial electricity demand and deflated electricity prices have been decreasing. In all price models I find that total factor productivity is consistently the most significant explanatory factor with a 1% increase in total factor productivity resulting in a reduction in deflated electricity prices ranging between 0.05% and 0.30%, depending on the model. Lastly, I find that retail electricity competition is associated with lower deflated electricity prices with the mean total impact being -4.3%, -8.2% and -11.1% for residential, commercial and industrial customers, respectively and with the impact diminishing over the sample period for residential customers, remaining relatively constant for commercial customers and increasing for industrial customers.
Analytical Approaches to Verify Food Integrity: Needs and Challenges
Authors: Stadler Richard H , Tran Lien-Anh , Cavin Christophe , Zbinden Pascal , Konings Erik J M
Published: August 2016

A brief overview of the main analytical approaches and practices to determine food authenticity is presented, addressing, as well, food supply chain and future requirements to more effectively mitigate food fraud. Food companies are introducing procedures and mechanisms that allow them to identify vulnerabilities in their food supply chain under the umbrella of a food fraud prevention management system. A key step and first line of defense is thorough supply chain mapping and full transparency, assessing the likelihood of fraudsters to penetrate the chain at any point. More vulnerable chains, such as those where ingredients and/or raw materials are purchased through traders or auctions, may require a higher degree of sampling, testing, and surveillance. Access to analytical tools is therefore pivotal, requiring continuous development and possibly sophistication in identifying chemical markers, data acquisition, and modeling. Significant progress in portable technologies is evident already today, for instance, as in the rapid testing now available at the agricultural level. In the near future, consumers may also have the ability to scan products in stores or at home to authenticate labels and food content. For food manufacturers, targeted analytical methods complemented by untargeted approaches are end control measures at the factory gate when the material is delivered. In essence, testing for food adulterants is an integral part of routine QC, ideally tailored to the risks in the individual markets and/or geographies or supply chains. The development of analytical methods is a first step in verifying the compliance and authenticity of food materials. A next, more challenging step is the successful establishment of global consensus reference methods as exemplified by the AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals initiative, which can serve as an approach that could also be applied to methods for contaminants and adulterants in food. The food industry has taken these many challenges aboard, working closely with all stakeholders and continuously communicating on progress in a fully transparent manner.
Formative Assessment at Work in the Classroom
Authors: Baron Lorraine M.
Published: August 2016

Assessment tools–a rubric, exit slips–inform instruction, clarify expectations, and support learning.
The Spot Problem Revisited
Authors: Turton Roger
Published: August 2016

Reinforce the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning using a small number of points around a circle.
Most Commonly Isolated Bacteria in Urine and their In Vitro Sensitivity to Antibiotics in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Vineta Vuksanovic  , Nataša Terzic  , Danijela Vujoševic
Published: August 2016

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and associated lower urinary tract symptoms commonly affect older men. Men with BPH in Podgorica in almost half (47.5%) cases have positive urine culture, out of which 14.2% have polyinfection. Urinary tract infections are most common in the age group 71 to 80 years. Although both groups of men (with and without BPH) are more prone to gram-negative bacterial infections of the urinary tract, K. pneumoniae is significantly more common in men with BPH compared with men without BPH. The results indicate that treatment of men with BPH is much more complex than in men without BPH due to the fact that in the treatment, a number of strains are resistant to levofloxacin (resistance of gram-negative bacteria to levofloxacin at the level of 80.4%, with 89.7% of resistant strains of K. pneumoniae and 73.3% of E. coli strains, as well as resistance of gram-positive bacteria at level of 24.8%, with resistant strains of enterococci in 64.7% of the strains) and Ž²-lactam antibiotics (53.4% of  isolated gram-negative bacteria synthesize ESBL enzymes out of which K. pneumoniae in up to 89.7% of the strains). Also, men with BPH have multi drug resistant strains in 53.1% of gram-positive bacteria and 79.7% of gram-negative bacteria. Carbapenems still represent a reserve group of drugs that have a good therapeutic effect in 93.2% of urinary tract infections in men with BPH.
Tobacco Consumption Induced Changes in the Healthy Oral Mucosa and its Effect on Differential Diagnosis of Oral Lesions - A Clinical In Vivo Raman Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Hemant Krishna  , Sidramesh Muttagi  , Pranav Ingole  , Pankaj Chaturvedi  , Shovan Kumar Majumder
Published: August 2016

Objective: To investigate tobacco consumption induced changes in the in vivo Raman spectra of oral mucosa of healthy volunteers and to study its effect on the differential diagnosis of oral lesions. Materials and Methods: The clinical in vivo study involved 28 healthy volunteers and 171 patients having malignant and potentially malignant lesions of the oral cavity. Twenty of the healthy volunteers had habits of either smoking and/or of chewing tobacco while the rest did not have any tobacco consumption habits. The in vivo Raman spectra were measured using a compact and portable near-infrared Raman spectroscopic system. A probability based multi-class diagnostic algorithm, developed for supervised classification, was employed to classify the whole set of measured tissue Raman spectra into various categories. Results: It was found that the Raman spectra of healthy volunteers with tobacco consumption habits could be separated from the spectra of those without any habit of tobacco consumption with an accuracy of over 95%. Further, it was found that exclusion of the spectral data of the oral cavity of the healthy volunteers from the reference normal database considerably improved the overall classification accuracy (92.3% as against 86%) of the algorithm in separing the oral lesions from the normal oral mucosa. Conclusion: The results of the clinical study demonstrate the potential of Raman spectroscopy in screening tobacco users who are at an increased risk of developing dysplasia or malignancy. Further, the results also show that for accurate discrimination of oral lesions based on their Raman spectra, the reference normal database should exclude spectral data of tobacco using healthy subjects.
Are you ashamed? Can a gaze tracker tell?
Authors: Maskeliunas Rytis , Raudonis Vidas
Published: August 2016

Our aim was to determine the possibility of detecting cognitive emotion information (neutral, disgust, shameful, “sensory pleasure”) by using a remote eye tracker within an approximate range of 1 meter. Our implementation was based on a self-learning ANN used for profile building, emotion status identification and recognition. Participants of the experiment were provoked with audiovisual stimuli (videos with sounds) to measure the emotional feedback. The proposed system was able to classify each felt emotion with an average of 90% accuracy (2 second measuring interval).
Polymer Matrix Composites
Authors: D'Amore Alberto , Grassia Luigi , Ceparano Angelo
Published: August 2016

The topics considered in this article have been chosen to address the issue of understanding both how polymer composite matrix properties develop during the manufacturing process and the complexity of evaluating the mechanical properties. Representative manufacturing techniques for the production of composite materials are reported and described; this will stand as a necessary overview to identify, among the different manufacturing technique, the common transformation stage to which the resin matrix is subjected, including the dramatic properties change and their complex interaction taking place during the manufacturing process. The relevance of a deep knowledge of thermomechanical matrix properties evolution was then underlined in order to achieve a reliable process modeling. The most used mechanical tests for advanced composite materials are reviewed, showing that the same characteristic property definitions generally used for conventional materials can be identified for these novel materials. In some cases, additional constants are required and some differences in nomenclature are introduced, especially when no isotropic counterpart exists. Representative statistical aspects of static strength and fatigue behavior are also outlined.
Vinyl Acetal Polymers
Authors: Wade Bruce
Published: August 2016

Vinyl acetal polymers are terpolymers, with units of vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, and vinyl acetal reflecting the three reactions required for their manufacture. Manufacture involves several stages including vinyl acetate polymerization and either sequential or concurrent hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate) to poly(vinyl alcohol) and acetalization with an aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst. Only poly(vinyl butyral) and to a lesser extent poly(vinyl formal) continue to be made in sizeable commercial quantities. These polymers form hard, unpliable materials that are difficult to process without using solvents or plasticizers. Plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) interlayer for laminated safety glass is by far the largest single application for this class of polymers. Poly(vinyl butyral) provides flexible toughness over a wide range of temperatures and at a lower cost than vinyl acetal polymers derived from longer chain aldehydes. Where stiffer performance at higher temperatures is required, poly(vinyl formal) provides significant property advancement. Applications for vinyl acetal resins make use of their optical clarity, high pigment and filler binding capacity, and excellent adhesion to a variety of surfaces.
Prompt acceleration of magnetospheric electrons to ultrarelativistic energies by the 17 March 2015 interplanetary shock
Authors: Kanekal S. G. , Baker D. N. , Fennell J. F. , Jones A. , Schiller Q. , Richardson I. G. , Li X. , Turner D. L. , Califf S. , Claudepierre S. G. , Wilson L. B. , Jaynes A. , Blake J. B. , Reeves G. D. , Spence H. E. , Kletzing C. A. , Wygant J. R.
Published: August 2016

Trapped electrons in Earth's outer Van Allen radiation belt are influenced profoundly by solar phenomena such as high‐speed solar wind streams, coronal mass ejections (CME), and interplanetary (IP) shocks. In particular, strong IP shocks compress the magnetosphere suddenly and result in rapid energization of electrons within minutes. It is believed that the electric fields induced by the rapid change in the geomagnetic field are responsible for the energization. During the latter part of March 2015, a CME impact led to the most powerful geomagnetic storm (minimum Dst = −223 nT at 17 March, 23 UT) observed not only during the Van Allen Probe era but also the entire preceding decade. Magnetospheric response in the outer radiation belt eventually resulted in elevated levels of energized electrons. The CME itself was preceded by a strong IP shock whose immediate effects vis‐a‐vis electron energization were observed by sensors on board the Van Allen Probes. The comprehensive and high‐quality data from the Van Allen Probes enable the determination of the location of the electron injection, timescales, and spectral aspects of the energized electrons. The observations clearly show that ultrarelativistic electrons with energies E > 6 MeV were injected deep into the magnetosphere at L ≈ 3 within about 2 min of the shock impact. However, electrons in the energy range of ≈250 keV to ≈900 keV showed no immediate response to the IP shock. Electric and magnetic fields resulting from the shock‐driven compression complete the comprehensive set of observations that provide a full description of the near‐instantaneous electron energization.
Global detection of absorbing aerosols over the ocean in the red and near‐infrared spectral region
Authors: Waquet F. , Péré J.‐C. , Peers F. , Goloub P. , Ducos F. , Thieuleux F. , Tanré D.
Published: August 2016

The spatial and temporal variability of the aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA at 865 nm) has been estimated over clear‐sky ocean for 2006 by using measurements acquired by POLDER (Polarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances). Our estimates are correlated with Sun photometer retrievals (R = 0.63). Differences in SSA are generally around 0.05 and systematically fall below 0.055 for optical thicknesses ≥0.3 (at 865 nm) and modeling errors ≤3.0%. Fine absorbing aerosols (radius ≤ 0.16 μm) are detected in many coastal regions. The lowest SSAs are retrieved over the southeast Atlantic during summer (0.80), whereas nonabsorbing fine particles (≥0.98) are observed over the North Pacific. During winter, fine absorbing aerosols are detected together with mineral dust near the coasts of western Africa (0.90), over the tropical Atlantic (0.88), and around India (0.88). Long‐range transport of absorbing species is also detected, as for instance over the Arctic. This study could help to constrain aerosol absorption and radiative forcing in models.
Hypopyon complicating the course of anterior uveitis in a patient with Behcet's syndrome
Authors: Singh Namrata , Lenert Petar
Published: August 2016

Key Clinical Message

Physicians caring for patients with Behcet's should be aware of the potential complication of uveitis with hypopyon in these patients, and the condition warrants prompt management.
Effect of Bed Height on the Performance of a Fixed Mo/HZSM‐5 Bed in Direct Aromatization of Methane
Authors: Xu Yuebing , Song Yang , Liu Xiaohao , Zhang Zhan‐Guo
Published: August 2016

The catalyst‐overloading strategy is often employed to extend the catalytic lifetime of fixed catalyst bed reactors in chemical processes. The applicability of this strategy to the Mo/HZSM‐5 catalyst for non‐oxidative methane dehydroaromatization was confirmed for the first time by examining the influence of bed height on the catalytic stability and lifetime aromatic productivity of an integral fixed Mo/HZSM‐5 bed at a defined temperature and different CH4 superficial velocities. Increasing the bed height proved to have a very limited effect on extending either the stable period of aromatics production of the bed or its lifetime aromatics productivity. Simultaneous coke formation over all layers of the bed was also confirmed to be responsible for rapid deactivation of the whole bed, and pyrolysis of the intermediate C2H4 was found to be the dominant route to coke formation.
Activity of erlotinib when dosed below the maximum tolerated dose for EGFR‐mutant lung cancer: Implications for targeted therapy development
Authors: Lampson Benjamin L. , Nishino Mizuki , Dahlberg Suzanne E. , Paul Danie , Santos Abigail A. , Jänne Pasi A. , Oxnard Geoffrey R.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

Erlotinib is a standard first‐line therapy for patients who have metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. The recommended dose of 150 mg daily is the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Few clinical data are available regarding its efficacy at doses less than the MTD.

METHODS

An institutional database was queried for patients with advanced NSCLC who were positive for EGFR L858R mutations or exon 19 deletions and had received treatment with erlotinib. The treatment course, including the erlotinib dose at initiation of treatment, at 4 months into therapy, and at disease progression, was retrospectively studied. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was compared between patients who received the MTD (150 mg) and those who received reduced‐dose erlotinib (≤100 mg).

RESULTS

In total, 198 eligible patients were identified. Thirty‐one patients (16%) were initiated on reduced‐dose erlotinib; they were older (P = .001) and had lower performance status (P = .01) compared with those who were initiated on erlotinib at the MTD. The response rate to reduced‐dose erlotinib was 77%. The median PFS of patients initiated on reduced‐dose erlotinib was 9.6 months versus 11.4 months for those initiated at the MTD, a difference that was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.54‐1.21; P = .30). There was a nonsignificant trend toward higher rates of progression within the central nervous system with reduced‐dose erlotinib.

CONCLUSIONS

At doses below the MTD, erlotinib treatment results in a high response rate and a prolonged median PFS. Review of the literature indicates that 15 of 30 small‐molecule inhibitors that are approved or in late‐stage development for cancer therapy have recommended doses below the MTD. When the toxicities of MTD dosing are a concern, an investigation of small‐molecule inhibitors at doses below the MTD is warranted. Cancer 2016;122:3456–63. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Interobserver agreement in the cytologic grading of atypia in neoplastic pancreatic mucinous cysts with the 2‐tiered approach
Authors: Goyal Abha , Abdul‐Karim Fadi W. , Yang Bin , Patel Jinesh B. , Brainard Jennifer A.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

The accurate cytologic grading of epithelial atypia in fine‐needle aspirates of pancreatic mucinous cysts has important implications for clinical management. The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology has recommended a 2‐tiered system of low‐grade (LG) and high‐grade (HG) for grading this atypia. Using this approach, this study examined the interobserver agreement within a group of cytopathologists at the Cleveland Clinic.

METHODS

Twenty cases of fine‐needle aspiration of pancreatic neoplastic mucinous cysts with documented histologic follow‐up and representative lesional cells were selected. Blinded to the histologic outcome, 4 cytopathologists were independently asked to assign the highest grade of atypia with the 2‐tiered system of LG and HG atypia for these cases. The interobserver agreement was calculated with the κ statistic.

RESULTS

The overall raw agreement in the grading of atypia was 60%. The overall chance‐adjusted agreement was fair (κ = 0.28). On the basis of the histologic outcomes, the cases were stratified into group A (HG dysplasia or worse) and group B (LG or intermediate‐grade [IG] dysplasia on follow‐up). Group A (n = 12) showed good chance‐adjusted agreement (κ = 0.65). For group B, the chance‐adjusted agreement among the observers was poor (κ = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows that the cytologic recognition of HG dysplasia or worse as HG atypia in pancreatic mucinous cysts has a good degree of interobserver reproducibility among cytopathologists. In contrast, a problematic area with a lack of agreement appears to be the cytologic recognition of LG and IG dysplasia as LG atypia. Additional studies with the development of reproducible criteria and educational tools may help with this challenging distinction. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:909–916. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Optimal received SINR balancing based on cooperative beamforming in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Moghaddam Javad Zeraatkar , Farrokhi Hamid , Granelli Fabrizio
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we investigate a two‐step cooperative cognitive radio network, which consists of two secondary links, a number of relays, and one primary link. During the first step, the primary link is assumed to be idle; both secondary sources simultaneously broadcast their data to the relay network. During the second step, the relay network employs a proposed cooperative beamforming (CBF) scheme and transmits the received data toward both of the secondary destinations (no matter whether the primary link is idle or not). The proposed CBF scheme enables the investigated network to simultaneously maximize received signal to interference plus noise ratio at both of the secondary destinations while keeping interference plus noise power at the primary destination under a predefined threshold. Indeed, the proposed scheme represents an optimal received signal to interference plus noise ratio balancing approach based on CBF, which guarantees the required quality of service for the primary link and also both secondary links. We optimize the CBF vector by relaxing the optimization problem to a convex semidefinite programming and solving with the bisection search algorithm. Numerical results show the efficiency and robustness of our approach. A comparison of our approach with the zero‐forcing beamforming method is also presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of variability in species trait data on community‐level ecological prediction and inference
Authors: Alofs Karen M.
Published: August 2016

Species trait data have been used to predict and infer ecological processes and the responses of biological communities to environmental changes. It has also been suggested that, in lieu of trait, data niche differences can be inferred from phylogenetic distance. It remains unclear how variation in trait data may influence the strength and character of ecological inference. Using species‐level trait data in community ecology assumes intraspecific variation is small in comparison with interspecific variation. Intraspecific variation across species ranges or within populations may lead to variability in trait data derived from different scales (i.e., local or regional) and methods (i.e., mean or maximum values). Variation in trait data across species can affect community‐level relationships. I examined variability in body size, a key trait often measured across taxa. I collected 12 metrics of fish species length (including common and maximum values) for 40 species from literature, online databases, museum collections, and field data. I then tested whether different metrics of fish length could consistently predict observed species range boundary shifts and the impacts of an introduced predator on inland lake fish communities across Ontario, Canada. I also investigated whether phylogenetic signal, an indicator of niche‐conservativism, changed among measures. I found strong correlations between length metrics and limited variation across metrics. Accordingly, length was a consistently significant predictor of the response of fish communities to environmental change. Additionally, I found significant evidence of phylogenetic signal in fish length across metrics. Limited variation in length across metrics (within species), in comparison with variation within metrics (across species), made fish species length a reliable predictor at a community‐level. When considering species‐level trait data from different sources, researchers should examine the potential influence of intraspecific trait variation on data derived by different metrics and at different scales.
Continuous renal replacement therapy for haemodynamic collapse and rhabdomyolysis induced by pheochromocytoma crisis
Authors: Zhou Xi , Zhao Chuhuan , Feng Xiafei , Samanta Anweshan , Lin Yi nuo , Chen Jun , Dai Xiaochun , Hong Xia , Xie Qiangli , Huang Weijian
Published: August 2016

Pheochromocytoma associated with pregnancy is not common. Caesarean section may induce pheochromocytoma crisis, resulting in a lethal condition. The clinical picture of pheochromocytoma crisis is extremely variable. In this report, we describe a case of severe pheochromocytoma crisis induced by caesarean section presenting with hyperpyrexia, haemodynamic collapse, muscle weakness, heart failure, and acute kidney injury. Furthermore, we report that the muscle weakness was a manifestation of rhabdomyolysis, resulting from the pheochromocytoma crisis. Standard medical therapy failed to halt the patient's rapidly deteriorating condition. Continuous renal replacement therapy removed catecholamines from the circulation, resulting in improvement of haemodynamics and abrogation of rhabdomyolysis.
GPU‐accelerated direct numerical simulations of decaying compressible turbulence employing a GKM‐based solver
Authors: Parashar Nishant , Srinivasan Balaji , Sinha Sawan Suman , Agarwal Manish
Published: August 2016

Gas Kinetic Method‐based flow solvers have become popular in recent years owing to their robustness in simulating high Mach number compressible flows. We evaluate the performance of the newly developed analytical gas kinetic method (AGKM) by Xuan et al. in performing direct numerical simulation of canonical compressible turbulent flow on graphical processing unit (GPU)s. We find that for a range of turbulent Mach numbers, AGKM results shows excellent agreement with high order accurate results obtained with traditional Navier–Stokes solvers in terms of key turbulence statistics. Further, AGKM is found to be more efficient as compared with the traditional gas kinetic method for GPU implementation. We present a brief overview of the optimizations performed on NVIDIA K20 GPU and show that GPU optimizations boost the speedup up‐to 40x as compared with single core CPU computations. Hence, AGKM can be used as an efficient method for performing fast and accurate direct numerical simulations of compressible turbulent flows on simple GPU‐based workstations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating the Adequacy Performance of Sprinkler Irrigation Systems at Finchaa Sugar Cane Plantation, Eastern Wollega Zone (Ethiopia)
Authors: Dinka Megersa Olumana
Published: August 2016

The success of a sprinkler irrigation system largely depends on its actual performance in field conditions. Although the uniformity of water application is the most important aspect of the sprinkler system's performance, adequacy better explains the performance of the system. In this study, the adequacy of irrigation performance was measured in field conditions considering three operating hydrant pressures (4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 bars) and two sprinkler nozzle sizes (2.4 × 4.4 and 2.4 × 4.8 mm). The main objective of this study was to determine the level of current adequacy of irrigation performance in relation to predicted performance during the design period. Three different aspects of adequacy performance (delivery, infiltration and storage) were determined from the measurements of the two important basic sprinkler performance parameters: discharge and uniformity. The study result indicates excess irrigation water application more than the crop net irrigation requirement and soil moisture deficit, especially for the 2.4 × 4.8 mm nozzles sprinkler at all pressure ranges considered. In line with this, tremendous losses in terms of deep percolation (≅ 40%) have been observed, the consequence of which is leaching of soluble nutrients, loss of valuable water resources, reduced crop yield and rise of the groundwater table. The latter might lead to drainage problems, which require construction of expensive drainage systems and can also lead to the overall waterlogging, salinization and alkalization of the area. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical analysis of a circular chalcogenide/silica hybrid nanostructured photonic crystal fiber for the purpose of dispersion compensation
Authors: Karami Rahim , Seifouri Mahmood , Olyaee Saeed , Chitsazian Mohammad , Alizadeh Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we report the numerical analysis of a nanostructured photonic crystal fiber for making an efficient dispersion‐compensating medium. For our computational studies, the core of the proposed structure is made up of As2Se3, and the cladding structure is a mixture of air holes and holes filled with silica. Our simulations indicate that the chromatic dispersion and the confinement loss at the wavelength of 1.55 µm is −3280 ps/nm/km and 1.71 × 10−6 dB/m respectively. Moreover, the relative dispersion slope at the wavelength of 1.55 µm is computed to be 0.00357 nm−1 that closely matches that of the conventional fibers at the third window. The effect of changing the dimensions of the holes in the first ring and also the distance between the adjacent holes (Λ) in the same ring on chromatic dispersion are also studied. The presented structure is an efficient dispersion‐compensating medium. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synoptic climatology of the early 21st century drought in the Colorado River Basin and relationships to reservoir water levels
Authors: Kirk Johnathan P. , Sheridan Scott C. , Schmidlin Thomas W.
Published: August 2016

Since the year 2000, streamflows throughout the Colorado River Basin (CRB) in the southwestern United States have been greatly impacted by a prolonged drought. As a primarily mountain snowmelt‐sourced basin, the climatic drivers of annual runoff in the CRB bear significant influence on the hydrologic status of its network of reservoirs. To analyse reservoir response to the drought, this study takes a holistic approach of relating the frequency of mid‐tropospheric circulation patterns (CPs) to water levels at Lake Powell and Lake Mead, the primary reservoirs in the CRB. A synoptic climatology of the region was constructed by classifying daily mean 500‐hPa geopotential height values from 1982 to 2012, a span that includes the early 21st century drought and the relatively wetter years preceding it, to determine how the drought manifests itself in the trends of CPs over time. The CPs were then statistically compared to several measures of reservoir water level, including yearly inflow and net changes in storage year‐to‐year, to examine potential relationships. The results of the classification reveal that the CRB is most notably characterized by dominant summertime ridge patterns, which have become slightly more common during the drought. Cool season troughs were generally linked with the presence of more water in the reservoirs, but ridges have stronger relationships to reservoir variables, including linkages to years with lower reservoir inflow, greater yearly losses, and net declines in storage year‐to‐year. Further, dry transitional patterns, CPs which represent zonal flow yielding little precipitation, are increasingly common in the spring, coming at the expense of wetter CPs. These results support previous research regarding the observed hastening of snowmelt, contributing to the early 21st century drought in the CRB as well as the overall trend in declining mountain snowpack across western North America.
Centennial drought outlook over the CONUS using NASA‐NEX downscaled climate ensemble
Authors: Ahmadalipour Ali , Moradkhani Hamid , Svoboda Mark
Published: August 2016

Drought is a natural hazard developing slowly and affecting large areas which may have severe consequences on society and economy. Due to the effects of climate change, drought is expected to exacerbate in various regions in future. In this study, the impact of climate change on drought characteristics is assessed, and statistical methods are employed to analyse the significance of projections. This is the first study utilizing 21 recently available downscaled global climate models generated by NASA (NEX‐GDDP) to evaluate drought projections over various regions across the United States. Drought is investigated through a multi‐model dual‐index dual‐scenario approach to probabilistically analyse drought attributes while characterizing the uncertainty in future drought projections. Standardized Precipitation Index and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index values at the seasonal scale (3 months) are used to project and analyse meteorological drought conditions from 1950 to 2099 at 0.25° spatial resolution. Two future concentration pathways of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are considered for this analysis. Accounting for the combined effects of precipitation and temperature variations reveals a considerable aggravation in severity and extent of future drought in the western United States and a tendency toward more frequent and intense summer droughts across the Contiguous United States.
HEADA: a low cost RFID authentication technique using homomorphic encryption for key generation
Authors: Dawoud Mohanad , Altilar D. Turgay
Published: August 2016

The limited computational and memory resources available in the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags constitute the essential challenge to find a technique that satisfies high security requirements. In this paper, security and privacy requirements for an RFID authentication system are defined. Although some of the conventional cryptographic operations provide these requirements partially, they are not considered as suitable solution for RFID applications because operations cost is high especially for RFID tags. An unconventional use of homomorphic encryption is proposed to provide low‐cost security and privacy in this research. HEADA is proposed as a novel authentication technique, which consists of deployment and authentication process stages. The homomorphic encryption is used solely in the generation of keys during deployment stage. These keys are used by RFID tags to generate anonymous authentication keys during the authentication process using only integer addition operations. Moreover, some of the conventional approaches have to use a brute–force search in the server side to identify a tag. Unlike these techniques, HEADA enables the server to identify a tag only by a binary search. It is shown that HEADA is the only technique to satisfy all security and privacy requirements using low‐cost operations in both tag and server sides. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A secure lightweight authentication scheme with user anonymity for roaming service in ubiquitous networks
Authors: Karuppiah Marimuthu , Kumari Saru , Das Ashok Kumar , Li Xiong , Wu Fan , Basu Sayantani
Published: August 2016

Ubiquitous networks provide effective roaming services for mobile users (MUs). Through the worldwide roaming technology, authorized MUs can avail ubiquitous network services. Important security issues to be considered in ubiquitous networks are authentication of roaming MUs and protection of privacy of MUs. However, because of the broadcast nature of wireless channel and resource limitations of terminals, providing efficient user authentication with privacy preservation is a challenging task. Very recently, Farash et al. proposed an authentication scheme with anonymity for consumer roaming in ubiquitous networks and claimed their scheme achieves all security requirements. In this paper, we show that the scheme of Farash et al. fails to achieve user anonymity and mutual authentication. Their scheme also fails to provide local password verification, and it has a faulty password change phase. Moreover, their scheme is vulnerable to replay, offline password guessing, and forgery attacks. To fix the security flaws of the scheme of Farash et al., we present an improved authentication scheme for accessing roaming service provided by ubiquitous networks. We then formally verify the security properties of our scheme by the widely‐accepted push‐button tool called Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications. Security and performance analyses show that our scheme is more powerful, efficient, and secure when it is compared with existing schemes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral Ligands for Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroformylation: A Personal Account
Authors: Chen Caiyou , Dong Xiu‐Qin , Zhang Xumu
Published: August 2016

Asymmetric hydroformylation represents one of the most efficient routes for the preparation of chiral aldehydes from alkenes in the presence of syngas in a perfect atom‐economic way. During the past few decades, a variety of chiral ligands have been developed for the asymmetric hydroformylation. However, only a few ligands exhibit good performance in terms of the regio‐ and enantioselectivities. Additionally, for the chiral ligands developed up to now, only limited substrates were tolerated and no examples have led to the application of the asymmetric hydroformylation reaction on a commercial scale due to several technical challenges. This account provides a brief introduction of the current efficient chiral ligands for asymmetric hydroformylation and the ongoing efforts we have made in this field.

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Preferential binding to dopamine D3 over D2 receptors by cariprazine in patients with schizophrenia using PET with the D3/D2 receptor ligand [11C]-(+)-PHNO
Authors: Girgis Ragy R. , Slifstein Mark , D’Souza Deepak , Lee Yih , Periclou Antonia , Ghahramani Parviz , Laszlovszky István , Durgam Suresh , Adham Nika , Nabulsi Nabeel , Huang Yiyun , Carson Richard E. , Kiss Béla , Kapás Margit , Abi-Dargham Anissa , Rakhit Ashok
Published: August 2016

Rationale

Second-generation antipsychotics occupy dopamine D2 receptors and act as antagonists or partial agonists at these receptors. While these drugs alleviate positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, they are less effective for treating cognitive deficits and negative symptoms. Dopamine D3 receptors are highly expressed in areas of the brain thought to play a role in the regulation of motivation and reward-related behavior. Consequently, the dopamine D3 receptor has become a target for treating negative symptoms in combination with D2 antagonism to treat positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the cariprazine receptor occupancies in brain for D2 and D3 receptors in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

Using [11C]-(+)-PHNO as a radioligand, positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed in eight patients at baseline and postdose on days 1, 4, and 15. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed for cariprazine concentrations.

Results

A monotonic dose-occupancy relationship was observed for both receptor types. After 2 weeks of treatment, near complete (∼100 %) occupancies were observed for both receptors at a dose of 12 mg/day. At the lowest cariprazine dose (1 mg/day), mean D3 and D2 receptor occupancies were 76 and 45 %, respectively, suggesting selectivity for D3 over D2 receptors at low doses. An exposure-response analysis found a ∼3-fold difference in EC50 (D3 = 3.84 nM and D2 = 13.03 nM) in plasma after 2 weeks of dosing.

Conclusion

This PET imaging study in patients with schizophrenia demonstrated that cariprazine is a D3-preferring dual D3/D2 receptor partial agonist.