bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations between intolerance of uncertainty, paranoia, anxiety and depression: Evidence from an international multi-site sample
Authors: Morriss Jayne , Gaudiano Brandon , So Suzanne , Kingston Jess L , Lincoln Tania Marie , Morris Eric M. J. , Ellett Lyn
Published: March 2024

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU: the tendency to find uncertainty aversive) and paranoia (e.g., excessive mistrust of others), are both associated with anxiety and depression symptoms. While previous research has primarily focused on IU and paranoia separately, there is recent evidence to suggest that IU and paranoia are linked and may interact to increase risk for anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia-spectrum conditions. The aims of the current study were to assess: (1) the extent to which IU (total score and subscales), paranoia, anxiety, and depression are associated and (2) whether the interaction between IU and paranoia is associated with greater anxiety and depression symptoms. To examine these aims, we conducted a survey on an international multi-site sample (n = 2510). Questionnaires included: IU (total score and subscales), paranoia (RGPTS persecution subscale), anxiety, and depression. The findings revealed that: (1) IU was positively associated with paranoia (r = .43), anxiety (r = .48) and depression (r = .49), and (2) People with high scores on IU and paranoia showed higher anxiety and depression symptoms. Importantly, these effects remained when controlling for negative beliefs about the self and others and demographic factors. Additionally, the inhibitory IU subscale (uncertainty paralysis) was related to paranoia, anxiety, and depression. However, the prospective IU subscale (desire for predictability) was only related to anxiety, but not paranoia and depression. Overall, these findings reliably demonstrate that IU and paranoia are linked, and that IU and paranoia interactions may synergistically work to affect current levels of anxiety and depression symptoms.
White Bears, Chronic Worriers, and the Need to Distinguish Thought Suppression from Intrusive Thoughts
Authors: Valencia Pablo D.
Published: March 2024

Paradoxically, attempts to suppress thoughts may lead to thought intrusions. While this has been repeatedly shown in the laboratory, cross-sectional studies have relied on the White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI) to measure thought suppression (TS). However, it has been argued that the WBSI does not measure TS alone, but also unwanted intrusive thoughts (UIT). The current study was conducted in an undergraduate sample from Peru (n = 259). The objectives were (a) to examine the factor structure of the WBSI, (b) to determine if TS and UIT were significant predictors of worry, and (c) to test if worry moderated the association between TS and UIT. A structural equation modelling approach was followed. Results supported a two-factor structure of the WBSI (TS and UIT). Moreover, only UIT but not TS was a significant predictor of worry. Finally, worry did not moderate the link between TS and UIT.
From Frontier to Field_Pre-print
Authors: Campbell Scott W.
Published: March 2024

Pre-print version, page numbers not yet assigned
Conscious and resilient? Associations between temperament, emotional awareness, and emotion regulation strategies in youth
Authors: Struyf Sarah , Koster Ernst H. W. , Van Beveren Marie-Lotte , Braet Caroline
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Emotion regulation (ER) is of utmost importance for emotional wellbeing. However, during early adolescence the use of adaptive ER strategies is challenging since the underlying cognitive systems for ER are still maturing. Furthermore, youth show large variation in ER strategy use as various child factors including temperament (i.e., Positive Emotionality (PE), Negative Emotionality (NE)) and emotional awareness (EA) contribute to the development of ER strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the way in which temperament, EA and ER strategies interact. We predicted temperament to contribute to the development of ER strategies whereby EA was associated with ER and moderated the association between (a) PE and adaptive ER strategies, and (b) NE and adaptive ER strategies in a facilitating way - and in a buffering way for the relationship between (c) PE and maladaptive ER strategies, and (d) NE and maladaptive ER strategies. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, the study included a community sample of adolescents (n = 220). Temperament was measured using the PANAS-C (Laurent et al., 1999) and EA was measured with the DERS (Gratz & Roemer, 2004). ER strategies were assessed using the FEEL-KJ (Braet et al., 2013). Results & Conclusions: Multiple hierarchical regressions revealed an interaction effect for NE and EA on maladaptive ER strategies. Yet, this moderating role of EA could not be described as buffering. The present findings suggest that the role of EA is complex in youth with temperamental vulnerability.
Increased Wakefulness as Measured by the WAKE-16 is Related to Mindfulness and Emotional Self-Regulation in Experienced Buddhist Meditators
Authors: Flatten Christine , Gutierrez Damisela Linares , Kübel Sebastian Lukas , Taylor Steve , Wittmann Marc
Published: March 2024

The aim of the present study was to test and validate the German version of a new instrument for measuring “wakefulness”, defined as “an expansive, higher-functioning, and stable state of being in which a person’s vision of and relationship to the world are transformed, along with their subjective experience, their sense of identity and their conceptual outlook” (Taylor, 2017, p. 22). In order to test the construct validity of the new instrument (Inventory of Secular/Spiritual Wakefulness; WAKE-16), we performed a comparison between a group of expert meditators (n = 36) and demographically matched non-meditators (n = 36). Results showed significantly higher scores for the meditators on the WAKE-16, indicating construct validity of the new instrument. Meditators scored higher on the two mindfulness subscales of ‘presence’ and ‘acceptance,’ as well as on the SEE subscales of emotion regulation and body-related symbolization of emotions. Within the group of meditators, there were significant correlations between wakefulness and mindfulness (r = .614, p < .001), accepting one’s own emotions (r = .416, p = .012), and experiencing overwhelming emotions (r = -.424, p = .010). The only significant correlation in non-meditators was found between wakefulness and accepting one’s own emotions (r = .411, p = .008). The new instrument showed construct validity by discriminating between the two groups. Correlations between wakefulness and related psychological constructs indicate convergent validity. Future studies may attempt to increase discriminatory accuracy of the definition of wakefulness, as well as finding objective methods of measuring.
Evaluating the Simple View of Reading Model: Longitudinal Testing and Applicability to the Swedish Language
Authors: Nordström Thomas , Fälth Linda , Danielsson Henrik
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the empirical validity of the Simple View of Reading model in a semi-transparent language, Swedish, by using a large amount of reading test data from 11,791 students. Data was collected during the primary grades (year 1–3), which allowed us to test two aspects of the model: how much reading comprehension variance that can be accounted for by decoding and language comprehension across primary grades (nine test occasions in total), and how decoding and language comprehension contributes to reading comprehension at each test occasion (three test occasions per grade). By using a latent variable framework, our findings indicated that nearly all reading comprehension variance was accounted for by decoding and language comprehension across each test occasion. Both decoding and language comprehension contributed to reading comprehension at all grades. While decoding contributed the most to reading comprehension variance at the first test occasions (Grade 1), language comprehension became equally important in the middle of second grade. At the end of third grade, language comprehension outperformed decoding. This study shows that the Simple View of Reading model is highly usable for yet another semi-transparent language, which has practical implications for how to assess reading skills and, ultimately of how to inform reading instruction for beginner readers.
Disentangling autonomy-supportive and psychologically controlling parenting: A meta-analysis of self-determination theory's dual process model across cultures
Authors: Bradshaw Emma L , Duineveld Jasper , Conigrave James Haddon , Steward Ben Albert , Ferber Kelly , Joussemet Mireille , Parker Philip David , Ryan Richard M.
Published: March 2024

Self-determination theory’s (SDT) dual process model maintains that parental autonomy support relates positively to child well-being, while psychologically controlling parenting is linked positively to child ill-being. We tested these claims using a combination of one-stage and univariate meta-analytic structural equation modeling with moderation (k = 238; n = 1,040, N = 126,423). In the univariate models, parental autonomy support linked positively with child well-being (r = 0.30 [95% CI 0.26, 0.33]) whereas parental psychological control was positively linked with child ill-being (r = 0.26 [0.23, 0.28]). Consistent with SDT’s dual process model, the one-stage model that controls for the intercorrelations between predictors, showed that parental autonomy support and psychological control had unique and independent effects on child wellness outcomes. Parental autonomy support linked positively with child well-being, even when accounting for psychological control (r = 0.26 [0.20, 0.31]), and psychological control was positively linked to child ill-being, independent of autonomy support (r = 0.20 [0.17, 0.23]). Crucially, the beneficial effects of parental autonomy support and the costs of psychological control applied across regions, degrees of national individualism and cultural hierarchy, as well as child developmental periods and sexes. These results help move the field beyond debates about whether autonomy is universally beneficial, toward questions about manifestations of autonomy across groups and variations in its optimal support.
“Alternate Breathing with Internal Breath Retention and Continuous Om Chanting along with Listening to Its Sound” Technique
Authors: Krishna Gopal
Published: March 2024

I propose a new breathing cum meditation technique - “Alternate Breathing with Internal Breath Retention and Continuous Om Chanting along with Listening to Its Sound” Technique – to enhance energy level in the body and mind apart from focus so that it can be used by those who want to use an internal technique rather than relying on external stimulants like tea, coffee, etc. and also in case of emergencies by even those who rely on external stimulants because many times such external stimulants may not be available such as while feeling some drowsiness while driving a car on the road. It innovatively combines two existing Yogic techniques “Alternate Breathing with Internal Breath Retention” Technique and “Continuous Om Chanting along with Listening to Its Sound” Technique into one to gain their benefits together.
Pretending not to know reveals a capacity for model-based self-simulation
Authors: Mazor Matan , Firestone Chaz , Phillips Ian
Published: March 2024

Feigning ignorance is crucial in contexts as diverse as diplomacy, warcraft and personal relationships, each demanding strategic concealment of information. Successful ‘epistemic pretense’ requires one to anticipate how one would behave without a given piece of knowledge, and act according to that counterfactual knowledge state. Here, two game-based experiments reveal a striking capacity to simulate decision-making under counterfactual knowledge. 1001 English-speaking adults saw the full solution to a game (all ship locations in Battleship, or the hidden word in Hangman) but then attempted to play as though they never had this information. Impressively, they mimicked broad and subtle patterns of ordinary play. While peers were completely unable to detect pretense, computational modeling uncovered traces of ‘over-acting’ in pretenders’ decisions, suggesting a schematic simulation of their minds. Opening up a new approach to studying self-simulation, our results reveal intricate metacognitive knowledge about decision-making, drawn from a rich—but simplified—internal model of cognition.
Thoughts of God and acceptance of artificial intelligence: A replication
Authors: Moore Don A , Schroeder Juliana , Bailey Erica R. , Gershon Rachel , Moore Joshua E. , Simmons Joseph P.
Published: March 2024

We report our attempts to replicate results by Karataş and Cutright (2023), in which thoughts of God increased people’s receptivity to advice from artificially intelligent advisors. We attempt faithful replications of the five online studies from the original paper all with larger sample sizes than the originals. We fail to find evidence consistent with the claims of Karataş and Cutright. Our results suggest that if the original effect exists, it is too small to have been detected by the original studies.
Spatial ability contributes to math word problem solving beyond general cognitive ability: evidence from structural equations modelling and network analysis
Authors: Likhanov Maxim , Wang Fang , Zhou Xinlin , Lyu Jianing
Published: March 2024

There is a growing body of research into the factors contributing to math word problem solving. However, these studies usually use limited number of potential predictors (precluding assessing of their contribution in comparison with other factors or “g” general intelligence) and some predictors (such as analogical and hypothetical reasoning) are largely omitted. Thus, the aim of the current study was to explore contributions of different types of reasoning to math word problem solving and whether these contributions have added value compared with general cognitive ability. Chinese schoolchildren in Grades 3 (N = 199; Mage = 102.4 months), 4 (N = 162; Mage = 114.6), 5 (N = 174; Mage = 126.1) and 6 (N = 180; Mage = 138.6) completed 8 tasks tapping into spatial, mechanical, verbal, mathematic, hypothetical and analogical reasoning. Our data showed that when 6 general cognitive factors load onto General cognitive ability factor in a Structural Equation Model (SEM), only a measure of spatial visualization (Paper folding) has additional contribution to Word problem solving factor. Gaussian Graphical models (GGMs) showed that 2 verbal tasks and Paper folding showed stable (present in at least 3 out of 4 grades) contributions to both word problem solving tasks. Analogical reasoning showed contribution to Process of word problem solving only. To sum up, both SEM and GGMs converged on the importance of spatial ability for mathematical word problems solving. Our results call for verbal and spatial ability to be routinely assessed and targeted by educational interventions within maths curriculum.
What Can Language Models Tell us About Human Cognition?
Authors: Connell Louise , Lynott Dermot
Published: March 2024

Language models are a rapidly-developing field of artificial intelligence with enormous potential to improve our understanding of human cognition. However, many popular language models are cognitively implausible on multiple fronts. For language models to offer plausible insights into human cognitive processing, they should implement a transparent and cognitively-plausible learning mechanism, should train on a quantity of text that is achievable in a human lifetime of language exposure, and should not assume to represent all of word meaning. When care is taken to create plausible language models within these constraints, they can be a powerful tool in uncovering the nature and scope of how language shapes semantic knowledge. The distributional relationships between words, which humans represent in memory as linguistic distributional knowledge, allow people to represent and process semantic information flexibly, robustly, and efficiently.
Spontaneous Content of Impressions of Naturalistic Face Photographs
Authors: Nicolas Gandalf , Uddenberg Stefan , Todorov Alexander
Published: March 2024

Social impressions from faces have been studied in psychology for over 100 years. These impressions are rapid, efficient, and consequential. Yet, disagreements about the content of face impressions remain. Across two studies (N = 4,526), we develop a taxonomy of spontaneous face impressions content by applying novel interdisciplinary methods from Artificial Intelligence text analysis to thousands of free-response descriptions of computer-generated faces. We identify a taxonomy of face impression dimensions, and describe their coverage, prevalence, directionality, and correlational structure. We characterize a diverse and nuanced taxonomy of content that, when compared to just the content that dominant low-dimensional models focus on, increases the coverage of spontaneous responses from about 50% to almost 100%. Our results describe general patterns of prevalence, indicating that dimensions from low-dimensional models (e.g., Sociability, Morality, Assertiveness) are highly prevalent, but that alternative dimensions such as Uniqueness and Health, among others, are also significantly prevalent in face impressions of naturalistic face photographs. Most dimensions show a positivity bias, and the correlational structure of the dimensions further supports the clustering of low-dimensional model’s content as separate from the expanded taxonomy dimensions. Finally, this expanded taxonomy improves predictions of general evaluations and decision making in various real-world relevant contexts. The derived taxonomy of spontaneous face impressions content is a foundation for further theoretical development and practical applications in an area central to human behavior.
Listen to Yourself! Prioritization of self-associated and own voice cues
Authors: Kirk Neil William , Cunningham Sheila J
Published: March 2024

Recent evidence suggests that voice-cues associated with the self can activate attentional biases in cognition (Payne et al., 2021), mirroring self-prioritization effects in the visual domain. Here, we report two experiments that replicate Payne et al.’s vocal self-prioritization effect (Exp 1), and extend it by including a novel ‘own-voice’ manipulation (Exp 2). In Exp 1 (N=35 UK male adults), a voice-label matching task comprising three external voices showed that reaction time and accuracy are improved when the voice cue is associated with a self-label (‘you’), relative to a ‘friend’ or ‘stranger’ label. In Exp 2 (N=90 UK male adults), the voice assigned to self, friend or stranger labels was either a recording of the participants’ own voice, or an external voice. Reaction time and accuracy data showed a consistent advantage for the participant’s own-voice, even when it was assigned to the ‘friend’ or ‘stranger’ label, over-riding standard self-prioritization effects. This advantage was boosted when the own-voice was assigned to the ‘self’ label. Findings are discussed in the context of vocal self-prioritization, and the implications of this research for recent technological advances that allow own-voice patterns to be artificially replicated.
Reduced Spatial Frequency Differentiation and Sex-Related Specificities in Fearful Face Detection in Autism : Insights from EEG and the predictive brain model.
Authors: Lacroix Adeline , harquel sylvain , Barbosa Leonardo , Kovarski Klara , Garrido Marta , VERCUEIL LAURENT , Kauffmann Louise , Dutheil Frederic , Gomot Marie , Mermillod Martial
Published: March 2024

Face processing relies on predictive processes driven by low spatial frequencies (LSF) that convey coarse information prior to fine information conveyed by high spatial frequencies. However, autistic individuals might have atypical predictive processes, contributing to facial processing difficulties. This may be more normalized in autistic females, who often exhibit better socio-communicational abilities than males. We hypothesized that autistic females would display a more typical coarse-to-fine processing for socio-emotional stimuli compared to autistic males. To test this hypothesis, we asked adult participants (44 autistic, 51 non-autistic) to detect fearful faces among neutral faces, filtered in two orders: from coarse to fine (CtF) and from fine to coarse (FtC). Results show lower d’ values and longer reaction times for fearful detection in autism compared to non-autistic individuals, regardless of the filtering order. Both groups presented shorter P100 latency after CtF compared to FtC, and larger amplitude for N170 after FtC compared to CtF. However, autistic participants presented a reduced difference in source activity between CtF and FtC in the fusiform. There was also a more spatially spread activation pattern in autistic females compared to non-autistic females. Finally, females had faster P100 and N170 latencies, as well as larger occipital activation for FtC sequences than males, irrespective of the group. Overall, the results do not suggest impaired predictive processes from LSF in autism despite behavioral differences in fear detection. However, they do indicate reduced brain modulation by spatial frequency in autism. In addition, the findings highlight sex differences that warrant consideration in understanding autistic females.
Changing or Stable? The Effects of Adolescents’ Social Media Use on Psychosocial Functioning.
Authors: Pouwels J. Loes , Beyens Ine , Keijsers Loes , Valkenburg Patti M.
Published: March 2024

To better understand the effects of social media use on adolescents’ psychosocial functioning, this study examined the temporal stability of social media effects across two separate three-week experience sampling methodology (ESM) studies conducted six months apart in 2019 and 2020. Participants were 297 adolescents (Mage = 14.1 years, SD = .7, 58.9% girls; 41.1% boys; 0.1% other; 97% Dutch) who completed 126 momentary questionnaires on social media use, affective well-being, self-esteem, and friendship closeness in each of the two ESM studies. The effects of social media on psychosocial functioning had low rank-order stability (r = .05 to .25). Findings indicated that the effects of social media use varied not only between individuals but also changed substantially within individuals over time.
Why music psychology needs larger and more diverse datasets and how citizen science can help
Authors: Hilton Courtney B.
Published: March 2024

To produce more nuanced, generalisable, and culturally representative understanding, music psychology needs to engage with more diverse forms of music and study the musical experiences, perceptions, and behaviour of more diverse people. But the logistical challenges of how to feasibly collect larger and more diverse datasets can be a significant barrier to achieving this goal. While there are also several other challenges inherent to broadening the empirical scope of music psychology in this way, here, I focus on the reasons why more generalisable empirical inferences require larger and more diverse datasets. Then to meet the logistical challenge of collecting such expanded datasets, I suggest that a citizen science approach to research participation may be particularly promising, and review recent studies taking this approach. Citizen science projects can function at many different scales, but at its extremes, it can unlock a shift from studying tens of students at a local campus to studying millions of people around the world. Despite its own limitations and challenges, citizen science has the potential to play a unique role in expanding and diversifying the empirical scope of music psychology.
WeChat and the 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice Referendum: Key actors, public opinions, misinformation and disinformation
Authors: Yang Fan , Fordyce Robbie , Heemsbergen Luke
Published: March 2024

WeChat is a Chinese-language social media service. In 2020, WeChat had 690,000 accounts in Australia with 500,000 being active daily (Taylor 2023). The platform remains as a key news resource for Chinese Australians and Chinese migrants within Australia. Between 8 January 2023 and 7 December 2023, the Voice Referendum was the topic of 262 Chinese-language news articles published from Australian-based WeChat news accounts. Discussions on the Voice peaked between September and October 2023, with 3-4 articles published daily that engaged with the topic. Within the WeChat userbase, a substantial segment of the Chinese Australians expressed a preference for voting No, including 56% of comments collected from relevant articles and 92% of the comments originating from short videos. Analysis of 2,715 user comments on WeChat indicates that users predominantly engaged with short videos promoting a ‘No’ vote against the referendum proposal. In comparison, videos promoting ‘Yes’ votes in favour of the proposal saw significantly lower engagement. The study has identified the rising influence of short videos published through WeChat’s Channel. There were 8 short-video accounts contributing 20 videos discussing the Voice referendum. The surge in short videos has created a space where misinformation and disinformation thrive. As we enter 2024, we continue observing the Voice referendum featuring WeChat’s public posts, particularly regarding the potential implications of this event on the upcoming 2025 Australian federal election.
From Sad Eastern to Angry Eastern: Emotions, Identity, and Heroines in Persian Protest Rap
Authors: Vahabli Danial
Published: March 2024

Persian rap has been one of the main channels of vocalizing the hardships of Iranians in the last two decades. Marginalized by the Islamic Republic of Iran, the rappers frequently protest the government through their music by expressing a form of dissatisfaction towards the government. The type of articulating this dissatisfaction has abruptly changed by the death of Mahsa (Jina) Amini and the Women, Life, Freedom movement. By implementing a qualitative analysis on a sample of Persian rap songs before and during the movement, this study illustrates the key transformations in the music. Prior to the movement, the songs state the struggles of the Iranians with a sense of sadness and hopelessness and mainly consider allegorical and supernatural entities such as seasons, destiny, the rule of the jungle, or a curse to be responsible for it. On the other hand, during the protests the songs mention the struggles explicitly, point the finger of blame towards government officials and aim to ignite public anger. The sadness accumulated over the years has been turned into anger hungry for action. Further by focusing on representation of womanhood in the songs, this study extracts two co-existing narratives about the role of the women in the movement. One where they are narrated as fragile beings in need of a savior and one where they are at the forefront of the movement.
PROBLEMAS ACTUALES DE LA INTERPRETACIÓN CONSTITUCIONAL : EL NEOCONSTITUCIONALISMO
Authors: Alfaro-Alvarado Alberto
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: Neoconstitutionalism is a doctrine of diffuse characters. Within theauthors assigned to it are most frequently mentioned DWORKIN, ALEXY, NINOand ZAGREBELSKY. Despite this, the differences are capital in the approachesof each of them. In that sense, a first difficulty when it comes to characterizingthe common elements of said doctrine, not infrequently described as a newparadigm. It would seem that we are faced with a doctrine that lacks or has notfound a complete and coherent expression in a reference work that manages tocharacterize and reconcile its elements. The different problems faced byNeoconstitutionalism will be analyzed.
Brief Reviews of Books and Products: Algorithms of Resistance: The Everyday Fight against Platform Power
Authors: Villanueva Emily
Published: March 2024

A brief review of Tiziano Bonini and Emiliano Treré's book Algorithms of Resistance: The Everyday Fight against Platform Power. Cambridge: The MIT Press. 256 pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/14329.001.0001 (open access eBook); ISBN 9780262547420, 30.00 USD (paperback).
AGROCLIMATIC FACTORS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT MATURITY GROUPS SOYBEAN CULTIVARS UNDER ENDOPHYTIC-RHIZOBIAL INOCULATION IN CONDITIONS OF NON-IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE OF THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Goloborodko S. , Iutynska H. , Tytova L. , Dubynska О. , Shevchuk N.
Published: March 2024

The article presents the results of studies of weather and climatic conditions during the production processes in the period of formation of the yield of soybean varieties of different maturity under pre-sowing endophytic-rhizobial inoculation of seeds, as well as the functional activity of the rhizosphere microbiota and plant productivity in conditions of non-irrigated agriculture. The average temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall were determined for the interphase periods, which are the main indicators that affect the evapotranspiration, moisture deficit, and moisture coefficient. The experiments were conducted at the experimental field of the Odesa State Agricultural Research Station, located in the southern steppe zone of Ukraine. The soil of the experimental field is a heavy loamy southern chernozem. The moisture availability indicators show that the southern part of the Steppe zone of Odesa region during the growing season of crops (April-September) in 2023 belonged to the semi-arid zone, and in July and September - to the desert. Evapotranspiration and moisture deficit during the growing season of plants of both soybean varieties (ultra-early maturing Diona and mid-season Sviatohor) varied significantly and depended on the average monthly temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. Evapotranspiration reached 1045.1-1244.0 mm, resulting in a moisture deficit of 913.3-1100.4 mm. Due to insufficient rainfall in June, July and August, most crops experienced an increase in moisture deficit. The use of complex thermotolerant and drought-resistant microbial inoculants with stress-protective functions reduced the negative impact of agroclimatic factors on soybean plants and rhizosphere microbiota. The main directions of scientific and economic activity for obtaining consistently high crop yields in the southern part of the Steppe zone are the structuring of sown areas with an optimal share of irrigated land and the use of innovative biological preparations.
IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF VIRUS-FREE CARNATION (DIANTHUS CARIOPHYLLUS L.) PLANTING MATERIAL
Authors: Kliachenko О. , Kushchenko К. , Shiakhtun І. , Bezprozvana І.
Published: March 2024

The methods of culture of apical meristems and direct and indirect morphogenesis in vitro were used for production of virus-free planting material of carnation. A scheme for obtaining aseptic material has been developed, which consists of stepwise treatment of explants: Thimerosal - 2 min, 70% ethyl alcohol - 0.5 min and 0.08% AgNO 3 - 1 min, which reduces the level of contamination by fungal infection. Expounded the results of studies of callusogenesis and direct and indirect morphogenesis in the culture of in vitro explants of Dutch carnation, their dependence on the content of growth regulators in the nutrient medium. It was established that there were almost no significant differences in the course of callusogenesis processes within carnation varieties . At the same time, the frequency of callusogenesis was 100%. Under the conditions of indirect morphogenesis realization, it is necessary to take into account the age of callus tissues. The growth and intensive shoot formation of carnations was noted on the Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium supplemented with BAP at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l. The best medium for rooting was the MS medium with half the concentration of macro- and microsalts with the addition of 0.5 mg/l of NAA, which is recommended by us for rooting regenerating carnation plants of various varieties. Peat : perlite in a 1:1 ratio was used as a substrate for the adaptation of regenerating plants . Survival of carnation plants to conditions in vivo for the variety "Raffino Linde" was 90%, while for the variety "Tiya" - 83%, respectively.
Oblique anterior column realignment with a mini-open posterior column osteotomy for minimally invasive adult spinal deformity correction: illustrative case
Authors: Pennington Zach , Brown Nolan J , Pishva Seyedamirhossein , González Hernán F. J , Pham Martin H
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Adult spinal deformity (ASD) occurs from progressive anterior column collapse due to disc space desiccation, compression fractures, and autofusion across disc spaces. Anterior column realignment (ACR) is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool to address ASD by progressively lengthening the anterior column through the release of the anterior longitudinal ligament during lateral interbody approaches. Here, we describe the application of minimally invasive ACR through an oblique antepsoas corridor for deformity correction in a patient with adult degenerative scoliosis and significant sagittal imbalance.

OBSERVATIONS

A 65-year-old female with a prior history of L4–5 transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and morbid obesity presented with refractory, severe low-back and lower-extremity pain. Preoperative radiographs showed significant sagittal imbalance. Computed tomography showed a healed L4–5 fusion and a vacuum disc at L3–4 and L5–S1, whereas magnetic resonance imaging was notable for central canal stenosis at L3–4. The patient was treated with a first-stage L5–S1 lateral anterior lumbar interbody fusion with oblique L2–4 ACR. The second-stage posterior approach consisted of a robot-guided minimally invasive T10–ilium posterior instrumented fusion with a mini-open L2–4 posterior column osteotomy (PCO). Postoperative radiographs showed the restoration of her sagittal balance. There were no complications.

LESSONS

Oblique ACR is a powerful minimally invasive tool for sagittal plane correction. When combined with a mini-open PCO, substantial segmental lordosis can be achieved while eliminating the need for multilevel PCO or invasive three-column osteotomies.
Salvage pemetrexed for brain metastases from ALK-positive lung cancer after Gamma Knife radiosurgery: illustrative case
Authors: Noda Ryuichi , Akabane Atsuya , Kawashima Mariko , Segawa Masafumi , Tsunoda Sho , Inoue Tomohiro
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Systemic therapy for cancer treatment has improved, and therapeutic options for intracranial lesions are increasing. Combinations of treatment modalities are required in certain difficult cases. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) is effective for the treatment of brain metastases, especially for lesions that are inoperable because of their anatomical or functional location.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors report a case of brain metastases in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive lung adenocarcinoma initially treated with GKS followed by the combination of repeat GKS and ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) for tumor recurrence. During the clinical course, acquired resistance to ALK-TKIs due to the long exposure period was suspected. After a great deal of thought and discussion with the oncologist responsible for the treatment of the pulmonary lesions, the authors successfully controlled the lesion for the next 17 months by salvage pemetrexed administration.

LESSONS

This is the first report on the effectiveness of pemetrexed for recurrent brain metastasis from ALK-positive lung adenocarcinoma resistant to both radiosurgery and ALK inhibitors. Salvage pemetrexed showed a favorable therapeutic effect in this specific case.
Exploring the relationship between seed weight and seed coat characteristics in the adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) cultivar WATANI-2 through N, P and K treatment compositions
Authors: IRWAN A. W. , NURMALA T. , . RUMINTA , KURNIADIE DENNY , YUNIARTI A.
Published: March 2024

Adlay plant (Coix lacryma-jobi) grown in many Asian countries, as a source of carbohydrates. The cultivation of adlay faces challenges such as long growth periods, low yields, and hard seeds. Efforts to enhance productivity are crucial, specifically by applying Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium fertilizers at the appropriate and balanced doses that have not yet been established. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between seed weight and seed coat characteristics under optimal N, P, and K fertilizer doses. The exploration process was conducted at the Research Station and Plant Production Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, from April 2019 to November 2020. Features of the location included an altitude of 750 – 800 m above sea level, a climate type C3 (Oldeman), an average temperature of 23.8oC, and a soil classified as Inceptisols with a pH of 5.83. The experimental design incorporated several treatments at minimum, optimum, and maximum dosage levels, namely N (90kg/ha, 180 kg/ha, and 270 kg/ha), P (37.5kg/ha, 75 kg/ha, and 150 kg/ha), and K (60 kg/ha, 120 kg/ha and 240 kg/ha) fertilizers, each was repeated twice. Fertilizer application was administered at the beginning of growth and the late vegetative phase, while P was given during the late vegetative phase and before seed formation. Subsequently, a regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship of the weight of 100 seeds with thickness and hardness, generating the equation: Y = 13.755 + 0.061 X1 + 0.012 X2, where X1 = seed hardness and X2 = seed coat thickness. Observations were carried out on the weight, thickness, and hardness of adlay seeds, both macroscopically by measuring length and width or diameter and microscopically through the evaluation of coat and silica layer thickness). The results showed a significant relationship between seed weight, thickness, and hardness, yielding 5.56 t/ha with an 80% land efficiency.
Heterogene Studierendenschaft – Zur Sozialstruktur und Studiensituation der Studierenden in Deutschland
Authors: Kerst Christian , Kroher Martina , Steinkühler Julia
Published: March 2024

An den Hochschulen finden sich Studierende in unterschiedlichen Lebenssituationen und mit differierenden Bildungsbiografien. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Heterogenität der Studierenden mit Blick auf vier Kategorien: soziodemografische Merkmale, Bildungsherkunft, Wege zur Hochschule und Zeitbudget für das Studium. Nur eine Minderheit der Studierenden entspricht heute noch dem traditionellen „Normaltyp“, ist also direkt nach dem Erwerb der Hochschulzugangsberechtigung, ohne berufliche Qualifizierung an die Hochschule gekommen, nicht älter als 30 Jahre und nicht durch Kinderbetreuung, Pflegeaufgaben oder eine mehr als 19 Wochenstunden umfassende Erwerbstätigkeit gebunden. Für eine auf Lübben et al. (2015) zurückgehende Studierendentypologie, die auf den Dimensionen Bildungsbiografie und Zeitbudget beruht, wird die Verteilung abschließend auf der institutionellen Ebene dargestellt.
Die Pflicht, up-to-date zu sein. Adressierungen (werdender) Eltern durch Schwangerschafts- und Erziehungsapps
Authors: Sänger Eva , Langer Antje , Carstensen Tanja
Published: March 2024

Software-Apps sind inzwischen zentraler Bestandteil des alltäglichen Lebens. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser umfassenden Digitalisierung des Sozialen fragt der Beitrag danach, welche Selbstverhältnisse und generationalen Beziehungen durch Erziehungs- und Schwangerschaftsapps konstruiert und adressiert werden, welche normierenden Effekte diese Apps haben und welche Themen ausgeklammert werden. Der Beitrag beruht auf einer qualitativen Analyse von 55 Inhaltsbeschreibungen von Schwangerschafts- und Erziehungsapps aus App-Stores. Wir zeigen, dass neben hetero- und geschlechternormativen Adressierungen Schwangere und Eltern als vorausschauende Subjekte adressiert werden, die im Sinne einer antizipatorischen Risikologik insbesondere mit einem Regime des Upto- Date- bzw. Alert-sein-Müssens und einer ‚Pflicht zum Wissen‘ konfrontiert sind. Der Handlungsdruck, der auf diese Weise erzeugt wird, geht zugleich mit dem Versprechen einher, diese Aufgaben an die App abgeben zu können.
Matter Is the Representation of Space-Time
Authors: Deng Xiaohan , Deng Zhiyong
Published: March 2024

The continuous flowing spacetime forms a spacetime group _G_, one of its fundamental groups is the Poincare group _PO(1,3)_, and the matter and interaction fields are representations of its intrinsic spacetime group. As a kind of quantized space-time unit, space-time group elements generate both space-time manifolds and matter. Matter and fields are aggregates of the quantum space-time within them and determine their type: the Lorentz group _SO(1,3)_ represents a rotating spacetime corresponding to visible matter and the translation group _P1,3_ represents a translational spacetime corresponding to dark matter and dark energy. The aggregation mode of space-time degrees of freedom in matter reveals that charge conjugation symmetry is the inverse symmetry of internal time of charged particles, and the external parity breaking of neutrinos is also due to their internal spatial aggregation mode.
The influence of religiosity, knowledge, and income on the decision of muzakki to pay zakat mal in Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang
Authors: Syahri Ramayani  , T Saipul Hadi , Muhammad Uzair Zulkifly
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective - This study was conducted to determine the level of muzakki decision in paying zakat maal.

Method - This research uses quantitative research. The population in this study was muzakki Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang Regency, and the technique used in sampling was Non-Probability Sampling. The sample in this study amounted to 88 samples. The types of data used in this study used primary and secondary data. The analysis techniques used are data quality test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing using the SPSS version 16 program.

Findings - The results showed that simultaneously the variables of Religiosity, knowledge, and Income positively and significantly affected the behavior of paying mal zakat. Partially the religiosity variable had a positive and significant effect on the behavior of paying mal zakat, knowledge had a positive and significant effect on the behavior of paying mal zakat, and the income variable had a positive and significant effect on the behavior of paying mal zakat. The percentage of influence of Religiosity, knowledge, and income variables on the behavior of muzakki in paying zakat mal together is 59.2%.

Limitations - This research is considered a cause-and-effect with a single observation object.

Practical Implications - This research shows the need for additional research variables so that the decision of muzakki to pay maal Zakat in Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang Regency can increase higher to increase the collection of zakat funds in Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang Regency to maximize future distribution programs so that they can be distributed evenly and relatively to all people in Aceh Tamiang Regency.
Implementation of IDZ (Zakat Village Index) on the economic dimension in Alue Batee settlement, Mutiara Timur District, Pidie District
Authors: Dianah Azimah , Cut Dian Fitri  , Zulfakar Zulfakar
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose – This study aims to reveal how feasible the Alue Batee settlement is with a total of nine (9) villages in Mutiara Timur District, Pidie Regency being used as zakat villages as measured using the Zakat Village Index.

Method –  This study uses a mixed method, namely a mixed method with the exploratory sequential design approach in obtaining information with identification related to the Zakat Village Indexs sequentially, this method combines a combination of qualitative and also quantitative.

Results – The results of the Zakat Village Index in Alue Batei Settlements Jiem Village (0.26), Cot Kuthang (0.30), Bereueh II (0.36), Dayah Kumba Village (0.38) and Dayah Tanoh Village (0.40) obtain a Poor score or be prioritized to use zakat funds. Other villages, such as UleeTutue Village (0.44), Rambong Village (0.45), Gampong Lada Village (0.48), and Jojo Village (0.54) score quite well or can be considered for assistance using zakat funds.

Limitations – This study has limitations in terms of the relatively small number of research subjects, namely 9 villages.

Practical Implications – For academics, this research contributes new research results related to the zakat index which has rarely been carried out by previous researchers. As a practical implication, the results of this research can be used as a reference by the government, especially BAZNAS and Baitul Maal which are in Aceh. It is recommended that several programs include assisting village UKM groups to make local products competitive superior products, improve skills training for village youth and women, participate in building BUMDes and assistance to the community.
The Impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the distribution process and the appropriate target of zakat funds in Baitul Mal, Aceh Tamiang regency
Authors: Yana Athiyah  , Mutia Sumarni
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose – This research was conducted to determine how the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the distribution process and appropriate target of zakat funds in Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang.

Method – In this study using a descriptive method with a qualitative approach with primary and secondary data. Data collection methods are used by observation, interviews, and documentation. The informants of this study were two people from Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang and five respondents who had the status of mustahik in Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang. Respondents were selected based on considerations. First, Baitul Mal leaders or employees. Second, mustahik who have received zakat are described as follows:

Results – The results of this study show that the distribution and appropriate of the target of zakat funds during the Covid-19 pandemic has many changes. Starting from changes in program planning, organizing that has changed the pattern of registration flow, the implementation of distribution has also changed by visiting the mustahik location directly and transferring via bank account, as well as supervision carried out before and after zakat funds are distributed. Lastly, the appropriate target during the Covid-19 pandemic remains well distributed even though Baitul Mal has not implemented a muqayyad (bound) zakat fund system and target appropriate during the Covid-19 pandemic has a broad view of which mustahik is entitled to receive it due to loss of income and other difficulties.

Practical Implications – As a practical implication, the results of this study can be used as a reference to improved comprehend how attitudes and regulations must be engaged to make all changes due to the pandemic.
The Role of the Baitul Mal amil agency in collecting professional zakat of civil servants in Aceh Tamiang regency
Authors: Fachrurrazy Muhammad , Ulfa Maria
Published: March 2024

Purpose  –  This research was conducted to determine the level of suitability and implementation of the collection of professional zakat funds for Civil Servants (ASN) in increasing muzzaki awareness.

Method –  This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach with primary and secondary data. Data collection methods used were observation, interviews and documentation. The informants for this research were two people from Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang and the BPKD, while the respondents were three people who had the status of muzakki at Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang.

Results – The results of the research show that the collection of professional zakat funds has not been fully effective because funds are collected through 2 ASN criteria, namely Active ASN and Passive ASN, there are still obstacles in Passive ASN which are still less aware of paying zakat, thus having a big impact in increasing awareness of muzakki paying zakat profession.

Practical Implication – As a practical implication, the results of this research can be used as a reference to better understand the attitudes and regulations that must be taken to create new policies.