bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acetylated Rhamnogalacturonans from Immature Fruits of Abelmoschus esculentus Inhibit the Adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to Human Gastric Cells by Interaction with Outer Membrane Proteins
Authors: Thöle Christian , Brandt Simone , Ahmed Niyaz , Hensel Andreas
Published: September 2015

Polysaccharide containing extracts from immature fruits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) are known to exhibit antiadhesive effects against bacterial adhesion of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) to stomach tissue. The present study investigates structural and functional features of polymers responsible for this inhibition of bacterial attachment to host cells. Ammonium sulfate precipitation of an aqueous extract yielded two fractions at 60% and 90% saturation with significant antiadhesive effects against H. pylori, strain J99, (FE60% 68% ± 15%; FE90% 75% ± 11% inhibition rates) after preincubation of the bacteria at 1 mg/mL. Sequential extraction of okra fruits yielded hot buffer soluble solids (HBSS) with dose dependent antiadhesive effects against strain J99 and three clinical isolates. Preincubation of H. pylori with HBSS (1 mg/mL) led to reduced binding to 3ʹ-sialyl lactose, sialylated Lea and Lex. A reduction of bacterial binding to ligands complementary to BabA and SabA was observed when bacteria were pretreated with FE90%. Structural analysis of the antiadhesive polysaccharides (molecular weight, monomer composition, linkage analysis, stereochemistry, and acetylation) indicated the presence of acetylated rhamnogalacturonan-I polymers, decorated with short galactose side chains. Deacetylation of HBSS and FE90% resulted in loss of the antiadhesive activity, indicating esterification being a prerequisite for antiadhesive activity.
Heterocyclic Anticancer Compounds: Recent Advances and the Paradigm Shift towards the Use of Nanomedicine’s Tool Box
Authors: Martins Pedro , Jesus João , Santos Sofia , Raposo Luis , Roma-Rodrigues Catarina , Baptista Pedro , Fernandes Alexandra
Published: September 2015

The majority of heterocycle compounds and typically common heterocycle fragments present in most pharmaceuticals currently marketed, alongside with their intrinsic versatility and unique physicochemical properties, have poised them as true cornerstones of medicinal chemistry. Apart from the already marketed drugs, there are many other being investigated for their promising activity against several malignancies. In particular, anticancer research has been capitalizing on the intrinsic versatility and dynamic core scaffold of these compounds. Nevertheless, as for any other promising anticancer drugs, heterocyclic compounds do not come without shortcomings. In this review, we provide for a concise overview of heterocyclic active compounds and families and their main applications in medicine. We shall focus on those suitable for cancer therapy while simultaneously addressing main biochemical modes of action, biological targets, structure-activity relationships as well as intrinsic limitation issues in the use of these compounds. Finally, considering the advent of nanotechnology for effective selective targeting of drugs, we shall discuss fundamental aspects and considerations on nanovectorization of such compounds that may improve pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of heterocycles.
Preparation and Reaction Chemistry of Novel Silicon-Substituted 1,3-Dienes
Authors: Choudhury Partha , Welker Mark
Published: September 2015

2-Silicon-substituted 1,3-dienes containing non transferrable groups known to promote transmetallation were prepared by Grignard chemistry and enyne metathesis. These dienes participated in one pot metathesis/Diels-Alder reactions in regio- and diastereoselective fashions. Electron-rich alkenes showed the fastest rates in metathesis reactions, and ethylene, a commonly used metathesis promoter slowed enyne metathesis. 2-Pyridyldimethylsilyl and 2-thienyldimethylsilyl substituted Diels-Alder cycloadducts participated in cross-coupling chemistry and the 2-thienyldimethylsilyl substituted cycloadducts underwent cross-coupling under very mild reaction conditions.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: Clinical Histological and Immunopathological Features
Authors: Bonciolini Veronica , Bianchi Beatrice , Del Bianco Elena , Verdelli Alice , Caproni Marzia
Published: September 2015

Background: The dermatological manifestations associated with intestinal diseases are becoming more frequent, especially now when new clinical entities, such as Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS), are identified. The existence of this new entity is still debated. However, many patients with diagnosed NCGS that present intestinal manifestations have skin lesions that need appropriate characterization. Methods: We involved 17 patients affected by NCGS with non-specific cutaneous manifestations who got much better after a gluten free diet. For a histopathological and immunopathological evaluation, two skin samples from each patient and their clinical data were collected. Results: The median age of the 17 enrolled patients affected by NCGS was 36 years and 76% of them were females. On the extensor surfaces of upper and lower limbs in particular, they all presented very itchy dermatological manifestations morphologically similar to eczema, psoriasis or dermatitis herpetiformis. This similarity was also confirmed histologically, but the immunopathological analysis showed the prevalence of deposits of C3 along the dermo-epidermal junction with a microgranular/granular pattern (82%). Conclusions: The exact characterization of new clinical entities such as Cutaneous Gluten Sensitivity and NCGS is an important objective both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, since these are patients who actually benefit from a GFD (Gluten Free Diet) and who do not adopt it only for fashion.
Investigation and Optimization of the Performance of an Air-Coil Sensor with a Differential Structure Suited to Helicopter TEM Exploration
Authors: Chen Chen , Liu Fei , Lin Jun , Wang Yanzhang
Published: September 2015

An air-coil sensor (ACS) is a type of induction magnetometer used as a transducer to measure the variations of a magnetic field. This device is widely applied in helicopter transient electromagnetic method (TEM) exploration. Most helicopter TEM explorations generate common-mode noise and require extreme ACS specifications, both of which inevitably challenge geophysical explorations. This study proposes a differential air-core coil combined with a differential pre-amplifier to reduce the common-mode noise induced in exploration surveys. To satisfy the stringent performance requirements, including the geometric parameters and electrical specifications, the physical calculations in theory and the equivalent schematic of an ACS with noise location are investigated, respectively. The theory calculation and experimental result for the optimized ACS are then compared on the basis of a differential structure. Correspondingly, an ACS is constructed with a mass, resultant effective area, 3 dB bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, and normalized equivalent input noise of 2.5 kg, 5.5 m2 (diameter is 0.5 m), 71 kHz, 20 (the varying magnetic field strength is 1 nT/s), and 5.43 nV/m2, respectively. These data are superior to those of the traditional induction sensor 3D-3. Finally, a field experiment is performed with a fabricated sensor to show a valid measurement of the time-varying magnetic field of a helicopter TEM system based on the designed ACS.
A Self-Adaptive Behavior-Aware Recruitment Scheme for Participatory Sensing
Authors: Zeng Yuanyuan , Li Deshi
Published: September 2015

Participatory sensing services utilizing the abundant social participants with sensor-enabled handheld smart device resources are gaining high interest nowadays. One of the challenges faced is the recruitment of participants by fully utilizing their daily activity behavior with self-adaptiveness toward the realistic application scenarios. In the paper, we propose a self-adaptive behavior-aware recruitment scheme for participatory sensing. People are assumed to join the sensing tasks along with their daily activity without pre-defined ground truth or any instructions. The scheme is proposed to model the tempo-spatial behavior and data quality rating to select participants for participatory sensing campaign. Based on this, the recruitment is formulated as a linear programming problem by considering tempo-spatial coverage, data quality, and budget. The scheme enables one to check and adjust the recruitment strategy adaptively according to application scenarios. The evaluations show that our scheme provides efficient sensing performance as stability, low-cost, tempo-spatial correlation and self-adaptiveness.
The Impact of Economic Globalization on the Employment Policies in 19 Western Democracies from 1985 to 2010. Limited Change or Radical Shift towards Workfare?
Authors: Näätänen Ari-Matti
Published: September 2015

Among the most significant issues facing welfare states are the implications of economic globalization for employment policies. This issue is confronted from the viewpoint of workfarism, the incentives created by social policies for increasing participation in the labor market. To measure the limited changes involved, the analytical framework also includes institutional stickiness, pointing to the capability of welfare state institutions to resist external pressures. Panel data on capital flow, an active labor market policy (ALMP), and unemployment benefit (UB) expenditures in 19 welfare states between 1985 and 2010 are drawn from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the KOF Index of Globalization (KOF). The Vector Autoregressive Moving-Average model with exogenous regressors (VARMAX)-regression analysis found institutional stickiness to be a more significant factor than capital flow in 61% of the observations. The impact of capital flow was particularly significant in the United Kingdom, and in northern and continental Europe, and a tendency toward workfarism was detected in 37% of the welfare states. From a comparative perspective, the impact via the increased capital flow to workfare-related policies is a matter of contrasts rather than a unilateral phenomenon.
Leadership Talent: A Study of the Potential of People in the Australian Rail Industry
Authors: Piip Janene
Published: September 2015

This paper discusses the importance of leadership talent in the rail industry in Australia. Like many other countries around the world, rail is troubled by its ability to attract new talent as older leaders with specialized knowledge retire. This study sought to identify whether the sector is making the most of the talent already existing within, knowing the barriers faced in attracting new industry entrants, and questions what can be done to strengthen current approaches to developing leaders. In exploring the meaning of leadership talent, from a skills based perspective with three levels of leaders, blended methods using semi-structured interviews and a survey were utilized. The study is important because it focuses on the people aspects of the industry, a little researched area of rail that has major implications for how employees are engaged and retained. The findings identified a certain mindset, culture and approach about leadership talent in organizations that overlooked the heterogeneity of rail organization populations, precluding certain groups of people from becoming leaders. The project identified that leadership and other soft skills required in the rail industry are both under researched, and often undervalued, for the impact that they can have on performance and productivity of companies. There are key messages from this study for both organizations as well as inspiring rail industry leaders.
Small Wind Technology Diffusion in Suburban Areas of Sicily
Authors: Culotta Simona , Franzitta Vincenzo , Milone Daniele , Moncada Lo Giudice Gino
Published: September 2015

Among renewable energy resources, wind energy became more attractive in the last decade. Wind farm installations dramatically increased in areas where climatic conditions, topography, and environment have allowed their development. The installation of wind turbines, usually carried out in remote areas, recently began to cover areas identified by a complex terrain such as urban and suburban zones. Although these new plant choices are characterized by lower productivity, there is increasing interest in wind energy production in both urban and suburban areas. In this work the authors have carried out an energy analysis developed from a sample of small wind turbines available on the market. This study shows how variable the energy production of a small wind turbine can be according to many design and context parameters: wind profiles, installation height, land use, and characteristics of the turbine.
High Rate of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Infections in Wild Chimpanzees in Northeastern Gabon
Authors: Boué Vanina , Locatelli Sabrina , Boucher Floriane , Ayouba Ahidjo , Butel Christelle , Esteban Amandine , Okouga Alain-Prince , Ndoungouet Alphonse , Motsch Peggy , Flohic Guillaume , Ngari Paul , Prugnolle Franck , Ollomo Benjamin , Rouet François , Liégeois Florian
Published: September 2015

The emergence of HIV-1 groups M, N, O, and P is the result of four independent cross-species transmissions between chimpanzees (cpz) and gorillas (gor) from central/south Cameroon and humans respectively. Although the first two SIVcpz were identified in wild-born captive chimpanzees in Gabon in 1989, no study has been conducted so far in wild chimpanzees in Gabon. To document the SIVcpz infection rate, genetic diversity, and routes of virus transmission, we analyzed 1458 faecal samples collected in 16 different locations across the country, and we conducted follow-up missions in two of them. We found 380 SIV antibody positive samples in 6 different locations in the north and northeast. We determined the number of individuals collected by microsatellite analysis and obtained an adjusted SIV prevalence of 39.45%. We performed parental analysis to investigate viral spread between and within communities and found that SIVs were epidemiologically linked and were transmitted by both horizontal and vertical routes. We amplified pol and gp41 fragments and obtained 57 new SIVcpzPtt strains from three sites. All strains, but one, clustered together within a specific phylogeographic clade. Given that these SIV positive samples have been collected nearby villages and that humans continue to encroach in ape’s territories, the emergence of a new HIV in this area needs to be considered.
Genetic Diversity and Selective Pressure in Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes 1–6: Significance for Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment and Drug Resistance
Authors: Cuypers Lize , Li Guangdi , Libin Pieter , Piampongsant Supinya , Vandamme Anne-Mieke , Theys Kristof
Published: September 2015

Treatment with pan-genotypic direct-acting antivirals, targeting different viral proteins, is the best option for clearing hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in chronically infected patients. However, the diversity of the HCV genome is a major obstacle for the development of antiviral drugs, vaccines, and genotyping assays. In this large-scale analysis, genome-wide diversity and selective pressure was mapped, focusing on positions important for treatment, drug resistance, and resistance testing. A dataset of 1415 full-genome sequences, including genotypes 1–6 from the Los Alamos database, was analyzed. In 44% of all full-genome positions, the consensus amino acid was different for at least one genotype. Focusing on positions sharing the same consensus amino acid in all genotypes revealed that only 15% was defined as pan-genotypic highly conserved (≥99% amino acid identity) and an additional 24% as pan-genotypic conserved (≥95%). Despite its large genetic diversity, across all genotypes, codon positions were rarely identified to be positively selected (0.23%–0.46%) and predominantly found to be under negative selective pressure, suggesting mainly neutral evolution. For NS3, NS5A, and NS5B, respectively, 40% (6/15), 33% (3/9), and 14% (2/14) of the resistance-related positions harbored as consensus the amino acid variant related to resistance, potentially impeding treatment. For example, the NS3 variant 80K, conferring resistance to simeprevir used for treatment of HCV1 infected patients, was present in 39.3% of the HCV1a strains and 0.25% of HCV1b strains. Both NS5A variants 28M and 30S, known to be associated with resistance to the pan-genotypic drug daclatasvir, were found in a significant proportion of HCV4 strains (10.7%). NS5B variant 556G, known to confer resistance to non-nucleoside inhibitor dasabuvir, was observed in 8.4% of the HCV1b strains. Given the large HCV genetic diversity, sequencing efforts for resistance testing purposes may need to be genotype-specific or geographically tailored.
Roles of mucilage in Emilia fosbergii, a myxocarpic Asteraceae: Efficient seed imbibition and diaspore adhesion
Authors: De‐Paula Orlando C. , Marzinek Juliana , Oliveira Denise M. T. , Paiva Élder A. S.
Published: September 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Several angiosperm families have myxodiaspory, such as the Asteraceae in which cypselae are frequently wind‐dispersed. The roles of mucilage in cypselae remain misunderstood, and the route of water uptake from substrate to embryo remains unknown. In this work, we analyze the fruits of Emilia fosbergii aiming to clarify how the water is absorbed and how the structure of the pericarp can be related to the processes of diaspore adhesion and seed imbibition.

METHODS:

The anatomy and ultrastructure of the cypselae of Emilia fosbergii were analyzed with histochemical tests and light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We assessed the roles of mucilage in seed imbibition using apoplasmic tracing with Lucifer yellow and epifluorescence microscopy and in adhesion with a sand assay.

KEY RESULTS:

We describe structural and ultrastructural aspects of the exocarpic cells, especially the mucilaginous twin hairs. Lucifer yellow was absorbed only by the twin hairs, the cells where water primarily enters the seed during seed imbibition. In the sand assay, the mucilage was adhesive.

CONCLUSIONS:

The twin hairs on the surface of the cypselae can play a dual role in the establishment of new plants of this species. First, these trichomes constitute the main passage for water intake, which is essential for seed imbibition and germination, and after imbibition, they release mucilage that can adhere the diaspore. Therefore, the presence of myxocarpy in Asteraceae could be important in anemochoric species to avoid secondary dispersal.
Psychiatric Disorders in Young Adults Diagnosed with Juvenile Fibromyalgia in Adolescence
Authors: Cunningham Natoshia Raishevich , Tran Susan T. , Lynch-Jordan Anne M. , Ting Tracy V. , Sil Soumitri , Strotman Daniel , Noll Jennie G. , Powers Scott W. , Arnold Lesley M. , Kashikar-Zuck Susmita
Published: September 2015

Objective.

Adolescents with juvenile-onset fibromyalgia (JFM) have increased rates of psychiatric disorders, but to our knowledge no studies have examined psychiatric disorders in adolescents with JFM when they enter young adulthood. This study examined the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in young adults diagnosed with JFM during adolescence and the relationship between mental health diagnoses and physical functioning.

Methods.

Ninety-one young adults (mean age 21.60, SD 1.96) with a history of JFM being followed as part of a prospective longitudinal study and 30 matched healthy controls (mean age 21.57, SD 1.55) completed a structured interview of psychiatric diagnoses and a self-report measure of physical impairment.

Results.

Young adults with a history of JFM were more likely to have current and lifetime histories of anxiety disorders (70.3% and 76.9%, respectively) compared with controls (33.3% for both, both p < 0.001). Individuals with JFM were also more likely to have current and lifetime histories of major mood disorders (29.7% and 76.9%, respectively) compared with controls (10% and 40%, p < 0.05). The presence of a current major mood disorder was significantly related to impairment in physical functioning [F (1, 89) = 8.30, p < 0.01] and role limitations attributable to a physical condition [F (1, 89) = 7.09, p < 0.01].

Conclusion.

Psychiatric disorders are prevalent in young adulthood for individuals with a history of JFM, and a current major mood disorder is associated with greater physical impairment. Greater attention to early identification and treatment of mood disorders in patients with JFM is warranted.
Élisée Reclus ou la condition géographique : habiter la terre
Authors: Lefort Isabelle , Pelletier Philippe
Published: September 2015

En dénonçant toute personne qui finit « par dévaster la contrée qui lui sert de demeure et par la rendre inhabitable », alors que l'être humain qui est « vraiment civilisé agit tout autrement », Élisée Reclus (1830-1905), partisan d’une « mésologie » articulée à une « géographie sociale », dessine son projet géographique de l’habiter entre éthique, esthétique et politique : coexistence et diversité des vivants (être humains, plantes et animaux…), dépassement du couple nomadisme/sédentarité, humains considérés comme des « agents géologiques » mais devant désormais « travailler avec méthode à l’aménagement de la terre ».
Habiter : se placer plaçant et se penser pensant
Authors: Hoyaux André-Frédéric
Published: September 2015

À travers des extraits de film, ce texte propose de montrer comment l’habiter noue une double dimension pour l'être humain, celle de l’action sur l’espace et celle de la réflexion de cette action sur l’espace. Il ne relève donc pas seulement d’une activité dans l’espace mais aussi du sens que cette activité constitue pour l’habitant(e). Cette constitution est à la fois pratiquement et symboliquement anticipative. Elle génère autant qu’elle est générée par la volonté de placement que l’habitant(e) veut avoir dans la société et auprès des divers collectifs auxquels il/elle participe et se réfère pour construire son identité. Ce jeu de placement se construit essentiellement dans une interaction symbolique avec ses semblables, c’est-à-dire avec celles et ceux qui ont une portée sur elle/lui. Cela délimite alors un ensemble d’interprétations sémantiques croisées provenant à la fois de cette capacité de l’habitant(e) de penser ce qu’il/elle est à travers l’introjection du sens donné par les autres sur elle/lui et ce qui l’entoure, et de projection du sens donné par cet (te) habitant(e) sur les autres et ce qui les entoure. Il y aurait donc une double opérativité de l’habiter : celle de se placer tout en plaçant les autres et celle de se penser tout en pensant les autres.
Voisinages
Authors: Besse Jean-Marc
Published: September 2015

À partir de l’analyse d’une photographie insérée par l’architecte Herman Hertzberger dans ses Leçons d’architecture , ce texte propose quelques commentaires sur les formes de l’habiter humain. Il aborde successivement la dialectique de l’intérieur et de l’extérieur, la question du temps et celle de l’espacement. Il souligne l’importance, pour toute réflexion sur l’habiter, de la référence à quatre auteurs : Ivan Illich, John Brinckerhoff Jackson, Tim Ingold, et Richard Sennett.
Brésil 3 – Croatie 2 : habiter, écrire
Authors: Lazzarotti Olivier
Published: September 2015

L’image d’un but marqué lors du premier match de la coupe du Monde 2014 est apparemment anodine. Pourtant, elle porte une part des bouleversements géographiques qui traversent, et font, le Monde contemporain. Ancré dans ces processus, le concept d'« habiter » offre une possibilité d’en prendre acte et d’en rendre compte. Mais l’hypothèse du texte est que l'« habiter », au-delà des multiples modalités de ses manifestations, s’inscrit dans des temporalités bien plus longues. Ses portées anthropologiques, à la fois existentielle et politique, traverseraient ainsi les époques pour faire de l’écriture, géo- graphique en l’occurrence, et avec toutes ses spécificités, le concept large et fort de cette science géographique.
Un usage « ambigu » d’Internet
Authors: Le Corre Vincent
Published: September 2015

L’adolescence est un moment important dans la sexuation d’un sujet. Une des questions qui se posent quant à l’usage d’Internet des jeunes semble être celle de l’identité. Je propose ici d’en explorer quelques enjeux à partir du travail clinique avec une adolescente.
Le temps logique du massacre d’Akihabara
Authors: Fukuda Daisuke
Published: September 2015

En juin 2008, un jeune homme de 25 ans a fait sept morts et dix blessés. Cet événement a lieu au milieu du quartier Akihabara, symbole de la culture populaire japonaise. Le profil de l’auteur de ce massacre est révélé par plusieurs médias dès son arrestation : passionné de mangas et cloué devant son ordinateur, isolé et marginalisé dans plusieurs lieux professionnels. Beaucoup d’hypothèses avaient été promues sur la cause de ce crime commis par un « jeune d’aujourd’hui », mais peu de chercheurs s’intéressent à la tentative de la reconstruction logique de cet événement que l’auteur lui-même ne cesse de reproduire en prison. Le sujet de mon intervention porte sur l’analyse de cette écriture in progress .
À l’écoute de l’usage de la notion de « harcèlement moral »
Authors: Chaine Laurent
Published: September 2015

L’extension actuelle de l’usage de la notion de harcèlement moral n’est pas sans poser bon nombre de questions dans différents domaines : pratique clinique, intervention en prévention des risques psychosociaux, éthique, exercice d’une responsabilité d’encadrement, droit… De par l’ensemble des effets de l’usage de ce terme, nous envisagerons dans cet article l’hypothèse d’un usage de la notion de harcèlement moral comme signifiant pharmakon , défini comme remède et poison, parole ou écriture, maquillage et processus de désignation d’un bouc émissaire. Cette hypothèse permet de théoriser certaines modalités d’interventions préventives consécutives à l’usage de ladite notion de harcèlement moral dans le champ professionnel.
A dangerous method, un film de D. Cronenberg
Authors: Drossart Francis
Published: September 2015

À travers la « ténébreuse affaire » de la relation entre Jung et son analysante Sabina Spielrein, relation qui fut probablement à l’origine du texte de Freud sur l’Amour de Transfert, nous questionnerons la place de la psychanalyse au cinéma, telle que nous la donne à voir le film récent de David Cronenberg.
Freud, l’image et le cinéma
Authors: Kamieniak Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2015

Freud a entretenu une relation paradoxale avec ce matériau fondateur que furent pour lui les images : friand de celles-ci dont il fera bon usage sur un mode à la fois ludique et savant, il se montrera néanmoins réticent à ce qui en deviendra l’art — le cinéma — , en particulier dans sa prétention à pouvoir rendre compte de sa découverte, justifiant d’emblée sa méfiance par l’impossibilité pour ce dernier de rendre compte plastiquement des « abstractions » de la psychanalyse. Ce refus du savant, pour fondé qu’il puisse être, n’en recouvre pas moins aussi un mobile profond : la dimension traumatique qu’a pu prendre pour lui le défilé des images lors du voyage de l’exil.
Un rêve non rêvé
Authors: Perrève Clotilde
Published: September 2015

En déployant à travers Eyes wide shut une vision onirique d’un monde contemporain composé de perversion et de dénégation, Stanley Kubrick nous ouvre les yeux sur le malaise dans notre civilisation. La mise en scène de l’ombre et de la lumière, de la vie et de la mort, d’Éros et de Thanatos dans une perspective freudienne de la traumdeutung , laisse entrevoir progressivement la force de destruction à l’œuvre. Les mots puis les images s’estompent au profit d’un chant, d’une musique jusqu’à toucher le sensoriel à la limite de sa disparition : dépliage onirique autant que poétique.
Psychanalyse : reflets dans un œil mort...
Authors: Chaouat David
Published: September 2015

Le cinéma ne s’est jamais autant prévalu d’être une industrie, soumise à l’impératif économique et à la logique du Page Rank, qui définit désormais ce qui est juste et ce qui est faux, dans un monde googlelisé. A ce titre, il s’inspire de plus en plus du modèle de fonctionnement des séries. Or, les séries policières de ces dernières années, particulièrement populaires, ont connu une évolution radicale de leurs modalités narratives, plaçant au centre de leur scène l’autopsie du corps en morceaux et parlant ainsi à l’analyste de ce que la société se donne à voir, à élaborer. Par ailleurs, le lien entre ces deux évolutions accroît de façon dramatique le fossé entre le langage de l’image, l’expérience qu’il comporte et celui de l’attention (analytique) à la réalité psychique.
De l’imaginaire vécu à l’imaginaire rêvé
Authors: Cai Tingting
Published: September 2015

Dans le film, les concepts psychanalytiques ne sont plus uniquement rendus concrets comme dans les littératures au début du XXe siècle par les divers aspects représentés dans la vie psychique de chaque individu, mais aussi par un être parlant dans sa quête de l’originaire, sans qu’il puisse y être visualisé, mettant ainsi en place un sujet qui est libre et autonome tout en étant résistant à la « réalité reçue » et donc à l’« imaginaire vécu ».
Le narcissisme d’Hitler devenu Adenoid Hynkel
Authors: de Mijolla-Mellor Sophie
Published: September 2015

S’interrogeant sur l’efficacité du film de Chaplin Le dictateur , l’auteure développe l’étonnante exactitude historique des détails concernant Hitler en même temps qu’elle souligne comment Chaplin grâce à la création d’une « novlangue » effectue cette réorganisation manipulatrice des mots qui est destinée à attaquer la pensée. Comme l’ont montré Orwell et Klemperer, toute prise de pouvoir est avant tout une prise de parole et l’abus de pouvoir, avant de violenter les corps, passe d’abord par la violence faite à la langue.
Charlot, créateur d’une nouvelle langue
Authors: Schauder Silke
Published: September 2015

Cet article propose une comparaison des deux discours qu’invente Charlie Chaplin dans Les Temps modernes (1936) et Le Dictateur (1940). L’efficacité des procédés humoristiques et leur rapport à l’inconscient sont démontrés à l’aide d’extraits précis qui illustrent, à tour de rôle, le discours amoureux et le discours totalitaire.
Second-Generation Versus First-Generation Cementless Tapered Wedge Femoral Stems
Authors: Pierce Todd P. , Jauregui Julio J. , Kapadia Bhaveen H. , Elmallah Randa K. , Cherian Jeffrey J. , Harwin Steven F. , Mont Michael A.
Published: September 2015

Clinical outcomes of a new second-generation proximally coated, tapered wedge cementless stem were compared with those of its predecessor regarding (1) all-cause implant survivorship; (2) objective and subjective outcomes; (3) complications; and (4) radiographic features. Patients who underwent a primary total hip arthroplasty with the second-generation stem (68 hips) were compared with those who received the first-generation stem (136 hips) at a mean follow-up of 3.5 years. Although the first-generation stem was designed in the traditional manner, the second-generation stem was shortened to accommodate all surgical approaches and designed using a computed tomography scan-based database to enhance fit. The second-generation stem had survivorship, functional, and subjective outcomes similar to those of the first-generation stem. [Orthopedics.2015; 38(9):550–554.]
Surgical Treatment for Central Calcified Thoracic Disk Herniation: A Novel L-Shaped Osteotome
Authors: Zhuang Qing-shan , Lun Deng-xing , Xu Zhao-wan , Dai Wei-hua , Liu Da-yong
Published: September 2015

Few reports are available on the posterior transfacet approach for the treatment of central calcified thoracic disk herniation (TDH). The objective of this study was to assess outcomes and complications in a consecutive series of patients with TDH who underwent posterior transfacet decompression and diskectomy with segmental instrumentation and fusion. The data for 27 patients (16 males and 11 females) were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed, including clinical presentation, blood loss, operative time, pre- and postoperative complications, visual analog scale, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, and Frankel grade. All patients underwent trans-facet decompression and segmental instrumentation with interbody fusion. Mean patient age at surgery was 55.2 years (range, 21–81 years). Average follow-up was 30±19 months (range, 12–50 months). All patients were successfully treated with posterior decompression and segmental instrumentation with interbody fusion. Average operative time was 124±58 minutes (range, 87–180 minutes). Mean blood loss was 439±225 mL (range, 300–1500 mL). Average pre- and postoperative JOA scores were 4.12±0.87 and 8.01±0.97 points, respectively. Overall JOA scores showed a significant postoperative improvement. Overall recovery rates were excellent in 12 patients, good in 6, fair in 5, and unchanged in 1. No patient was classified as worse. The results suggest that the posterior approach using a special L-shaped osteotome is feasible. No major complications occurred while achieving adequate decompression for central calcified TDH. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(9):e794–e798.]
Physician–Hospital Alignment in Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Bushnell Brandon D.
Published: September 2015

The concept of “alignment” between physicians and hospitals is a popular buzzword in the age of health care reform. Despite their often tumultuous histories, physicians and hospitals find themselves under increasing pressures to work together toward common goals. However, effective alignment is more than just simple cooperation between parties. The process of achieving alignment does not have simple, universal steps. Alignment will differ based on individual situational factors and the type of specialty involved. Ultimately, however, there are principles that underlie the concept of alignment and should be a part of any physician–hospital alignment efforts. In orthopedic surgery, alignment involves the clinical, administrative, financial, and even personal aspects of a surgeon’s practice. It must be based on the principles of financial interest, clinical authority, administrative participation, transparency, focus on the patient, and mutual necessity. Alignment can take on various forms as well, with popular models consisting of shared governance and comanagement, gainsharing, bundled payments, accountable care organizations, and other methods. As regulatory and financial pressures continue to motivate physicians and hospitals to develop alignment relationships, new and innovative methods of alignment will also appear. Existing models will mature and evolve, with individual variability based on local factors. However, certain trends seem to be appearing as time progresses and alignment relationships deepen, including regional and national collaboration, population management, and changes in the legal system. This article explores the history, principles, and specific methods of physician–hospital alignment and its critical importance for the future of health care delivery. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(9):e806–e812.]
Imaging of the Rotator Cuff With Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Hartshorn Timothy , Ren Jian , Vangsness C. Thomas
Published: September 2015

This study evaluated the utility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in imaging porcine and human rotator cuff (RTC) tissue, analyzed its effectiveness in identifying clinical pathology, and correlated these findings with histologic examination. Twelve human cadaveric and 6 porcine shoulders were evaluated. Six-millimeter–wide bone sections were harvested from the proximal humerus of each specimen, with each containing the entire enthesis of the respective RTC tendon, as well as 2 cm of tendon medial to the enthesis. Only the supraspinatus tendon was evaluated in the human specimens, whereas the enthesis of multiple RTC tendons were evaluated in the porcine model. All specimens were imaged using OCT and correlated with histologic evaluation. Optical coherence tomography evaluation of macroscopically healthy tissue consistently showed an easily identifiable banding pattern (birefringence) in contrast to a disorganized, homogeneous appearance in grossly diseased tissue. Optical coherence tomography was more effective for qualitative evaluation of RTC tissue, identification of bursal-sided RTC tears, and localization of calcific deposits, whereas intrasubstance tendon delaminations and partial articular-sided tendon avulsion lesions were relatively more difficult to identify. Optical coherence tomography correlated well with histologic evaluation in all specimens. Optical coherence tomography provides high-resolution, subsurface imaging of rotator cuff tissue in real-time to a depth of up to 4 mm with excellent correlation to histology in a cadaveric model. Optical coherence tomography could be an effective adjunctive tool for the identification and localization of rotator cuff pathology. The use of OCT in arthroscopic shoulder surgery potentially provides a minimally invasive modality for qualitative assessment of rotator cuff pathology. This may allow for a decrease in soft tissue dissection, improved qualitative assessment of cuff tissue, and improved patient outcomes. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(9):e836–e843.]
Spontaneous Compartment Syndrome of the Hand in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Tanagho Andy , Hatab Sameh , Youssef Sally , Ansara Sameh
Published: September 2015

Compartment syndrome refers to a condition of compromised circulation within a limited space due to increased pressure within that space. The reduced tissue perfusion results in reduced venous drainage, leading to increased interstitial tissue pressure and subsequent compromised arterial flow. Although not as common as compartment syndrome of the leg and forearm, compartment syndrome of the hand is not rare and can lead to devastating sequelae as a result of tissue necrosis. Compartment syndrome of the hand has several etiologies, including trauma, arterial injury, thermal injury, and constrictive bandaging. The cardinal clinical sign is pain that is aggravated by passive stretching of the muscles within the involved compartments. Extremity function is usually restored with expeditious fasciotomy of the involved myofascial compartments, and complications, such as intrinsic muscular dysfunction and Volkmann’s ischemic contracture, can usually be prevented. There are no reported cases of compartment syndrome of the hand in patients with systemic sclerosis or Raynaud’s phenomenon. Systemic sclerosis is a form of scleroderma that affects the skin and internal organs. The limited cutaneous subset affects the skin of the extremities but is associated with a set of characteristic features that includes calcinosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, esophageal involvement, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia. This report describes an unusual case of a patient who had spontaneous compartment syndrome of the hand. The patient’s concomitant limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis may have played a role in this unusual occurrence. The diagnosis was based on the clinical picture, and the symptoms resolved after surgical decompression. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(9):e849–e851.]
Evaluation of a Rural-Based Community Aged Intensive Recovery Program for Older Adults With Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Sadler Paul , McIlvena Andrea
Published: September 2015

Community Aged Intensive Recovery (CAIR) programs are an integral part of Aged Persons Mental Health Services (APMHS); however, no study has investigated whether a rural-based intensive program benefits older clients with severe mental illness. The current sample comprised 119 older adults who were being managed by a CAIR program from July 2011 to June 2013. Three key results were found: (a) approximately three quarters of clients admitted to the CAIR program remained treated in the community; (b) the program assisted in significantly reducing the level of psychiatric symptom severity from CAIR entry to CAIR exit; and (c) the APMHS team with the CAIR program had a lower psychiatric inpatient rate compared to the APMHS team without the program. The current study highlights the importance of delivering effective rural-based CAIR programs to older adults experiencing severe mental illness. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
,
53
(9), 17–21.]
Study of the Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Sisal and Polypropylene Fibers
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Sergio , Corpas-Iglesias Francisco  A.
Published: September 2015

Fiber concretes have been revolutionizing the market, as well as lower operating costs, structurally act. The total or partial replacement of steel with natural fiber reinforced concrete could be an economical way to provide an alternative method to achieve greater security in concrete structures, as well as a way to use materials that are energy efficient, economic and ecological.Sisal fiber reinforcement is promising for use in composite materials, due to their low cost, low density, high strength and specific modulus, without risk to health, readily available in some countries and renewal.We studied four different dosages of concrete: without fiber, with two different types of polypropylene (PP) fibers and with sisal fiber. Consistency of fresh concrete, bulk density, water absorption, capillary absorption, compressive strength and microstructural properties values of the samples were investigated.Regarding the consistency of fresh concrete, measured by testing Abrams cone, as the results show a substantial difference between the flowability of the concrete without addition of fibers and other dosages with different types of fibers studied. The compressive strength test at 7 and 21 days also shows resistance as early ages performed fiber, while with increasing days of curing, the resistance becomes a reaction product of cement and pozzolanic water have no effect added fiber. Absorption tests and capillary absorption of water, like the above, consistent with the results shown bibliographic polled, the results being higher in both assays for dosages comprised of PP and sisal fibers.
Life Ceram - Zero Waste in Ceramic Tile Manufacture
Authors: García-Ten Francisco Javier , Quereda Vázquez M. Francisca , Gil Albalat Carlos , Chumillas Villalba David , Zaera Victoria , Segura Mestre M. Carmen
Published: September 2015

The manufacturing of ceramic tiles in EU generates wastes at different stages of the production process. A significant percentage of these wastes are recycled into the current ceramic products and processes, however nowadays it is not possible to recycle all the waste generated. As a result, an important amount of waste is destined to landfills or used as very low add-valued fillers. LIFECERAM project's main objective is to achieve zero-waste in the manufacture of ceramic tiles through the development of tiles for urban paving with high content of ceramic wastes. The tiles will be manufactured with a highly sustainable body preparation process, based on dry milling and granulation technologies.Although the project is still ongoing, body compositions with 100% of ceramic wastes (fired scraps, green scraps and glaze sludge) have been developed at laboratory scale using the manufacturing process proposed. The recycling of the rest of ceramic wastes (dust from kiln filters and polishing sludge) in the body composition will be investigated at the next phase of the project, in which leaching tests and gaseous emissions during firing will be tested.
Production of Cement Blocks and New Ceramic Materials with High Content of Glass Waste
Authors: Andreola Fernanda , Lancellotti Isabella , Taurino Rosa , Leonelli Cristina , Barbieri Luisa
Published: September 2015

Virgin raw materials can be partially replaced by glass waste in order to reduce the environmental impact being its recycling a significant problem for municipalities worldwide. In Italy in 2013, approximately 1,600,000 tons of container glass have been collected but it was not possible to recycle all of them in the glass melting process.This work is focused on the valorization of glass waste as raw material in new cement and ceramic products, to convert it from an environmental and economic burden to a profitable, added-value resource in the formulation of new mixes. Several parameters, such as grinding, forming, firing, etc. have been studied.It has been optimized the grinding and the reclaiming step of waste to obtain an alternative raw material for hot and cold consolidation processes. Chemical, physical and mechanical properties of products were carried out. The results show new real possibilities to use high amounts of glass waste as an alternative raw material in products consolidated either by hot or cold techniques, reducing the management problems of the glass waste.
Influence of BFS Content in the Mechanical Properties and Acid Attack Resistance of Fly Ash Based Geopolymers
Authors: Luna Galiano Yolanda , Fernández Pereira Constantino , Pérez C.M. , Suarez P.
Published: September 2015

This paper analyzes the influence of an extra calcium source (added as blast furnace slag) on certain properties of fly ash based geopolymers using sodium silicate as activating solution. Geopolymers were manufactured with different fly ash/blast furnace slag (FA/BFS) ratios: 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, and 20/80. The properties studied in the geopolymers were their compressive strength and acid attack resistance. The addition of BFS improves geopolymer compressive strength at early stages. Compressive strength increases as the proportion of BFS in the mixture increases. However, maximum compressive strength was found for a determined BFS content value in the geopolymers, so that a clear reduction of this parameter was appreciated when the BFS content increased above this value. The resistance to acid attack improves in the presence of BFS possibly due to the formation of a calcium sulphate precipitate layer that increases the compressive strength and also operates as a protective coating that hinders geopolymer deterioration.
Manufacture of Ceramic Bodies by Using a Mud Waste from the TiO2 Pigment Industry
Authors: Contreras M. , Martín M.I. , Gázquez M.J. , Romero Maximina , Bolívar J.P.
Published: September 2015

The main objective of this paper is focused in the use of waste generated by the TiO2 pigment industry, ilmenite mud (MUD), on the production of ceramic bodies. These ceramic bodies were produced from mixtures of a commercial red stoneware mixture (RSM) with different concentrations of mud (3, 5, 7, 10, 30 and 50 wt%). The samples were sintered to simulate a fast-firing process. The sintering behaviour of the fired samples was evaluated according to ISO rules by linear shrinkage, water absorption and porosity measurements. Both green powder and fired samples were characterised by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC/TG), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and bending strength measurements. Moreover, the activity concentrations of radionuclides were measured by high-resolution low-background gamma spectrometry, because this mud is a NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) waste. Finally, the TCLP leaching test (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, USEPA) was performed to assess the risks of use tiles from an environmental perspective. The results demonstrated that MUD can be successfully valorisated in the manufacture of red stoneware ceramic bodies with similar, or even better technological properties than commercial materials used currently.