bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practices of relationship building in Hungarian primary care
Authors: Kuna Agnes , Scarvaglieri Claudio
Published: August 2022

Using data from Hungarian primary-care consultations, we present linguistic features of relationship-building,
focusing on the role of address forms and metapragmatic reflections. We also investigate intergenerational differences and
different styles of managing doctor-patient relationships. Based on a range of evidence (discourse about doctor-patient
communication in the public and in academia, participant observation of consultations, interviews with practitioners, analysis
of instructional videos, questionnaire surveys), we discuss a change in doctor-patient communication at both macro
(socio-cultural) and micro (interactional) levels. Factors influencing this process include general social change,
digitisation and the communicative training of healthcare professionals. We conclude that physicians build different types of
relationships with language, which hints at an overall shift in Hungarian society and in healthcare communication in
general.
How are you getting on with these?
Authors: Thurnherr Franziska
Published: August 2022

This contribution explores how a counselor uses requests to encourage clients to actively participate in email
counseling. Applying positioning theory and relational work from interpersonal pragmatics, I answer the following research
questions: How does the counselor use requests to position clients as active participants? How do affordances of the medium
influence the counselor’s efforts in such requests? I analyze five naturally occurring email counseling exchanges through
content and discourse analysis, adding insight from a practitioner interview. The examined requests aim to improve joint
understanding, foster reflection, elicit solutions, and elicit feedback on coping techniques. Results show that the counselor
uses intricate relational work that constructs clients as active participants. The counselor employs medium affordances such
as asynchronicity or emoticons.
Perfecting antigen prediction
Authors: Hoyos David , Greenbaum Benjamin D.
Published: August 2022

Advances in genomics and precision measurement have continued to demonstrate the importance of the immune system across many disease types. At the heart of many emerging approaches to leverage these insights for precision immunotherapies is the computational antigen prediction problem. We propose a threefold approach to improving antigen predictions: further defining the geometry of the antigen landscape, incorporating the coupling of antigen recognition to other cellular processes, and diversifying the training sets used for models that predict immunogenicity.
A new magneto-acousto-electrical detection method for defects in high conductivity non-ferromagnetic materials
Authors: Yan Xiaoheng , Xu Chuwen , Lv Jingxiang , Yang Yanju
Published: August 2022

In order to further enrich the non-destructive detection methods for defects in high conductivity non-ferromagnetic materials, a new method of magneto-acousto-electrical (MAE) defect detection is proposed. First, a mathematical model of MAE multi-physical field coupling with coil induction was established. Subsequently, a geometric model of the object to be tested was constructed, and the simulation software COMSOL was used to solve the physical process of MAE defect detection. Two-dimensional distributions of mass point vibration velocity, current density of the coil’s cross-section, and one-dimensional curves of material vibration velocity surface integral, local current, and induced voltage as a function of time were obtained for various defect widths, defect shapes, and materials. The simulation result shows that the induction coil voltage pulse contains abundant information about the defect boundary information and the detection accuracy reaches 0.1 mm. Finally, experiments on MAE defect detection were conducted to prove the feasibility of the method. The research demonstrates a reliable method for the detection of internal defects in non-ferromagnetic materials with high electrical conductivity, such as aerospace and railways.
DC and low-frequency noise characteristics of GaN-based HEMTs under cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Zeng Bolun , Zhang Haochen , Luo Chao , Xiang Zikun , Zhang Yuanke , Wen Mingjie , Xue Qiwen , Hu Sirui , Sun Yue , Yang Lei , Sun Haiding , Guo Guoping
Published: August 2022

In this work, the device characteristics of GaN-based high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) were systematically investigated by the direct current (DC) and low-frequency noise (LFN) measurements within the temperature ranging from 300 K to 4.2 K. The temperature-dependent behavior of the on- and off-state electrical properties was statistically analyzed, highlighting an overall improved device performance under cryogenic temperatures. In addition, the LFN of the device exhibited an evident behavior of 1/f noise from 10 Hz to 10 kHz in the measured temperature range and can be well described by the carrier number fluctuations with correlated mobility fluctuations (CNF/CMF) model down to 4.2 K. Based on this model, we further extracted and discussed the defect-related behavior in the devices under low-temperature environments. These experimental results provide insights into the device characteristics of GaN-based HEMTs under cryogenic environments, motivating further studies into the GaN-based cryo-devices and systems.
Surface-clearance levels for the normal reuse of objects for 413 radionuclides
Authors: van Dillen Teun , Russo Federica , Mommaert Chantal
Published: August 2022

This paper provides surface-clearance levels for 413 radionuclides for the normal reuse of objects leaving the controlled area of a nuclear facility. Four sets of surface-specific clearance levels are derived based on choices of dose coefficients (DCs) in probabilistic dose assessments using the SUrface DOse QUantification model (SUDOQU; van Dillen and van Dijk 2018 J. Radiol. Prot.
38 1147–203). The general dose criteria for clearance, extended with a suitable dose constraint for the concept of the representative person, are applied in the derivations. These clearance levels apply to the total of fixed and removable radioactive contamination on the surface of objects. The results are discussed in the context of conservatism of the exposure scenarios (parameters, DCs), and guidance is given on the selection and application of the values.
Effects of the charge–dipole and charge–quadrupole interactions on the He+ + CO reaction rate coefficients at low collision energies
Authors: Martins Fernanda B V , Zhelyazkova Valentina , Merkt Frédéric
Published: August 2022

The reaction between He+ and CO forming He + C+ + O has been studied at collision energies in the range between 0 and k
B ⋅ 25 K. These low collision energies are reached by measuring the reaction within the orbit of a Rydberg electron after merging a beam of He(n) Rydberg atoms and a supersonic beam of CO molecules with a rotational temperature of 6.5 K. The capture rate of the reaction drops by about 30% at collision energies below k
B ⋅ 5 K. This behavior is analyzed in terms of the long-range charge–dipole and charge–quadrupole interactions using an adiabatic-channel capture model. Although the charge–dipole interaction has an effect on the magnitude of the rate coefficients, the effects of the charge–quadrupole interaction determine the main trend of the collision-energy dependence of the rate coefficients at low collision energies. The drop of the capture rate coefficient at low collision energies is attributed to the negative sign of the quadrupole moment of CO (Q

zz
= −2.839 D Å) and is caused by the |JM⟩ = |00⟩ and |1 ± 1⟩ rotational states of CO, which represent about 70% of the CO molecules at the rotational temperature of 6.5 K.
Hadron and light nucleus radii from electron scattering*
Authors: Cui Zhu-Fang , Binosi Daniele , Roberts Craig D. , Schmidt Sebastian M.
Published: August 2022

Conceptually, radii are amongst the simplest Poincaré-invariant properties that can be associated with hadrons and light nuclei. Accurate values of these quantities are necessary so that one may judge the character of putative solutions to the strong interaction problem within the Standard Model. However, limiting their ability to serve in this role, recent measurements and new analyses of older data have revealed uncertainties and imprecisions in the radii of the proton, pion, kaon, and deuteron. In the context of radius measurement using electron+hadron elastic scattering, the past decade has shown that reliable extraction requires minimisation of bias associated with practitioner-dependent choices of data fitting functions. Different answers to that challenge have been offered; and this perspective describes the statistical Schlessinger point method (SPM), in unifying applications to proton, pion, kaon, and deuteron radii. Grounded in analytic function theory, independent of assumptions about underlying dynamics, free from practitioner-induced bias, and applicable in the same form to diverse systems and observables, the SPM returns an objective expression of the information contained in any data under consideration. Its robust nature and versatility make it suitable for use in many branches of experiment and theory.
Evidence for high-velocity solid dust generation induced by runaway electron impact in FTU
Authors: De Angeli M. , Tolias P. , Ratynskaia S. , Ripamonti D. , Vignitchouk L. , Causa F. , Daminelli G. , Esposito B. , Fortuna-Zalesna E. , Ghezzi F. , Laguardia L. , Maddaluno G. , Riva G. , Zielinski W.
Published: August 2022

Post-mortem and in situ evidence is presented in favor of the generation of high-velocity solid dust during the explosion-like interaction of runaway electrons with metallic plasma-facing components in FTU. The freshly-produced solid dust is the source of secondary de-localized wall damage through high-velocity impacts that lead to the formation of craters, which have been reproduced in dedicated light gas gun impact tests. This novel mechanism, of potential importance for ITER and DEMO, is further supported by surface analysis, multiple theoretical arguments and dust dynamics modeling.
Utilization of Nano thin films for solar cell self-cleaning.
Authors: Elezz Mariam Abu , Abdelmonem Nabil , Ismail Ibrahim , Abdelghany Amr
Published: August 2022

The present work for preparing titanium dioxide as thin film to improve the PV system and put alternatives to manual cleaning with no loss in the efficiency. Using self-cleaning coatings instead of cleaning chemicals on PV panels is a very suitable process in the application and cost. A set of experiments were conducted on a laboratory scale by using the coating layer. The results showed that using pre-coated with titanium dioxide on PV panels is more effective than no coating layer. As increasing photo catalytic activity and the stability of the coated layer are more effective.
Removal of Co(II) from Water Using Graphene Oxide Functionalized with TOPO
Authors: Khalil Waleed F. , Agha Ahmed , Rayan R. A.
Published: August 2022

One of the most immensely adsorbents for removing radioactive waste from water is graphene oxide nanosheet (GO). It has a large specific surface area and a variety functional groups, including epoxide, carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl. This work has prepared GO and functionalized with TOPO (Tri-octyl phosphine oxide). Raman spectroscopy, XRD, High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy utilized the unfunctionalized and functionalized GO samples. The results indicate that the produced GO-TOPO adsorbents are very effective Co (II) adsorbents in the acidic medium. The maximum adsorption of Co (II) adsorbed on GO-TOPO was approximately 134 mg/g. The ideal conditions for eliminating Co (II) from water are pH of 6 and temperature 40 °C. Langmuir and Freundlich equations have been used to describe the isothermal data. According to R square, the Langmuir model was better than the Freundlich model.
Aziridine type bonding agents for composite solid rocket propellant
Authors: Eissa Mohamed F. , Ahmed Maraden , Tarek M. Elhedery , Ali M. Abd elall , Hosam E. Mostafa
Published: August 2022

Bonding agents, as a paramount component in the composite solid rocket propellant, effectively enhance the interactions between polybutadiene matrix and oxidizer. It mainly affects the processing ability, mechanical behavior, and aging. Bonding agent plays the role of an anonymous soldier to defeat stresses produced by loading conditions, changes in the environmental condition, and transportation of composite propellant. The role and the mechanism of aziridine type bonding agents are discussed focusing on a novel MST aziridine bonding agent (Tris-(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide (MAPO) plus Stearic acid plus Tartaric acid) (poly (isopropylamine N(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide octadecanoic)-co-(isopropylamine tartrate)). Preparation of composite solid propellant samples containing the same weight percentage of different bonding agents is conducted. Mechanical properties and aging behavior for the prepared samples were monitored to extract the impact of bonding agent type. Mechanical properties of the bonding agents were recorded at three different temperatures in order to simulate various environmental conditions. Results of stress-strain responses during uniaxial tensile tests showed that MST bonding agent has the strongest interaction with solid particles reaches a value of 50.4 % strain and 8.052 Kg/cm2 stress at normal conditions. Compared to MT-4 (produced from the reaction of 2 moles MAPO plus 0.7-mole Adipic acid and 0.3-mole Tartaric acid) and MAPO, MST improved the aging behavior.
Implementation of Mass Integration Design Concept for Material Preservation in Acrylonitrile Industry
Authors: Farrag Nessren M , Ghallab Ayat O
Published: August 2022

The industrial production has suffered from huge amounts of waste discharges that contain valuable unreacted components as well as major contaminants that affect the environment. Just like heat integration, mass integration evolves around recycling the discharge streams back into the process to increase the overall plant performance and decrease the fresh feedstock resources used as well as extracting the valuable by-products whether in product streams or waste streams; thus, decreasing the overall cost and increasing the production value of outcomes. The study has tackled mass integration graphically on an existing production process, acrylonitrile, and evaluated the performance of mass-exchange networks. It also suggested improvements can be recommended in terms of composition driving forces inside mass exchangers. The mass network developed improved both the production yield and the product quality. In this research, the plant, located in Baroda complex, India, on a 500 m2 area, has been studied for mass integration using mass separating agents. The mass separating agents used were water and benzene. A mass exchange network design has been conducted in the feasible design regions to achieve maximum mass recovery and mass targets of each mass exchanger. Three extra units were added for Acetonitrile removal, Hydrogen cyanide removal, and Acrylonitrile extraction.
Characterizations of Anisotropic Superconductivity in (BiSe)1+δNbSe2
Authors: Matsuzawa S , Pyon S , Tamegai T
Published: August 2022

Anisotropy of superconductivity in misfit layered compounds (BiSe)1+δNbSe2 was studied. We synthesized single crystals of (BiSe)1+δNbSe2 using CsCl/KCl flux method. There existed two phases with different T
c depending on the starting composition δ, although their structures were almost unaffected by changing δ. Anisotropy of the upper critical field was determined by magneto-resistance measurements with various out-of-plane and in-plane field angles. The out-of-plane anisotropy of H
c2 showed a cusp-like behavior for fields close to ab-plane similar to that predicted by 2D Tinkham model. Furthermore, a clear two-fold symmetry was observed in the in-plane angular dependence of H
c2.
STM/STS study of the local density of states in Cu doped Fe(Se,Te) superconductors
Authors: Sugimoto Akira , Ishimitsu Satoru , Ohtsubo Hironori , Matsumoto Kaito , Saito Takeshi , Ekino Toshikazu , Gabovich Alexander M.
Published: August 2022

The scanning tunnel microscopy/scanning tunnel spectroscopy (STM/STS) measurements of the local quasiparticle density of states (LDOS) in Cu
x
-Fe1.01-x
Se0.4Te0.6 (x = 0.01-0.03) superconductors were carried out. Critical temperatures Tc
decrease with increasing Cu-impurity doping level x. STM images show clear regular square arrangements of spots with the lattice spacing ~ 0.38 nm as well as the randomly distributed large spots, which are most possibly due to excess Fe atoms. While the STM image resembles that of non-doped Fe(Se,Te), the LDOS map shows various extra spot structures with bright (with higher magnitudes of dI/dV) and dark (with lower magnitudes of dI/dV) regions. With increasing x, the number of such spots grows proportionally, indicating that these spots most probably correspond to the dopant Cu atoms.
Structure-property-process parameter correlation in the Advanced MOCVD growth of 4+ μm REBCO thick films over 10+ m
Authors: Paidpilli M , Boyina K , Shyam V , Galstyan E , Majkic G , Selvamanickam V
Published: August 2022

REBCO (REBa2Cu3O7−δ
) coated conductor with Je
> 1000 A/mm2 at operating condition is being utilized in fusion and high-field-magnet applications. We have demonstrated short REBCO samples with an engineering current density (Je
) ~ 4,600 A/mm2 (based on 0.1 mm thick tape) at 4.2 K, 20 T using Advanced Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (A-MOCVD). In order to achieve such high performance uniformly over long tapes, defective regions in thick films need to be avoided. In this work, we investigated parameters that cause dropout or variation in the critical current along the length of long tapes made by A-MOCVD. By addressing the engineering challenges of growing 4+ μm thick REBCO films in a single pass, 10+ m long tapes with high critical current that varies < 5% along the length have been fabricated.
Effect of boron precursor ultra-sonicated in hexane medium on the critical current density of sintered bulk MgB2
Authors: Arvapalli Sai Srikanth , Jirsa Milos , Murakami Masato , Miryala Muralidhar
Published: August 2022

The large coherence length of MgB2 material allows large defects such as grain boundaries to act as strong pinning centres. As an alternative to the high-cost commercial nano precursors, we used a novel ultra-sonication technique to refine a cheap rough boron precursor and avoid the use of the expensive commercial nano amorphous boron powder. Recent novel low-cost ultra-sonication technique proved to improve the critical current density, J
c, of MgB2. Here, we discuss the consequences of ultra-sonication duration in hexane medium on the boron precursor as well as the superconducting properties of MgB2 bulks. XRD revealed small peaks corresponding to unreacted Mg. First derivative of susceptibility was plotted as a function of temperature to explain the Tc,onset
and ΔTc. J
c was found to grow if the MgB2 bulk was prepared of boron ultra-sonicated for up to 30 minutes and then reduced with further boron ultra-sonication (60 minutes). SEM micrographs showed that boron powder subjected to longer ultra-sonication resulted in agglomeration of broken boron particles, forming large MgB2 grains. Based on the comparison of superconducting properties with previous results, we speculate that viscosity of the ultra-sonication medium might have a crucial role in the refinement of boron precursor powder.
Improvement of Damping Factor by Optimal Shape and Installation Position of the Damper Coils at Low Velocity Range in Electrodynamic Suspension System
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Betsunoh Ryotaro , Ohashi Shunsuke
Published: August 2022

The electrodynamic suspension system (EDS) realizes stable levitation without the gap control. One of its application is JR Maglev. The EDS system has basically no damping factor against the disturbance. The damping factor is improved by installing the additional coil. However, the damping factor is needed especially at the low velocity. The normal operation velocity in the JR Maglev is the velocity vx
= 120[m/sec]. The optimal shape and installation position of the damper coils at the low velocity range such as vx
< 80[m/sec] is discussed. The type of the damper coil system and the velocity do not affect the optimal height of the coil. The optimal width of the damper coil in the semi-active system is 8.9% smaller than that in the passive one. The optimal installation position is higher at the low velocity than that at the normal operation velocity in both damper system type. By this optimization, the vertical oscillation is up to 13.6% smaller and the pitching oscillation is up to 11.0% smaller.
Longevity study on the CMS resistive plate chambers for HL-LHC
Authors: Aly R.
Published: August 2022

The CMS Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system has been certified for 10 years of LHC operation. In the next years, during the High luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) phase, the LHC instantaneous luminosity will increase to a factor five more than the existing LHC luminosity. This will subject the present CMS RPC system to background rates and operating conditions much higher with respect to those for which the detectors have been designed. Those conditions could affect the detector properties and introduce nonrecoverable aging effects. A dedicated longevity test is set up in the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++) to determine if the present RPC detectors can survive the hard background conditions during the HL-LHC running period. During the irradiation test, the RPC detectors are exposed to a high gamma radiation for a long period and the detector main parameters are monitored as a function of the integrated charge. Based on collecting a large fraction of the expected integrated charge at the LH-LHC. The results of the irradiation test will be presented.
Engineering a dynamic three-dimensional cell culturing microenvironment using a ‘sandwich’ structure-liked microfluidic device with 3D printing scaffold
Authors: Ding Laiqian , Liu Chong , Yin Shuqing , Zhou Zhanwei , Chen Jing , Chen Xueting , Chen Li , Wang Dazhi , Liu Bo , Liu Yuanchang , Wei Juan , Li Jingmin
Published: August 2022

Most of in vivo tissue cells reside in 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) with fluid flow. To better study cell physiology and pathophysiology, there has been an increasing need in the development of methods for culturing cells in in vivo like microenvironments with a number of strategies currently being investigated including hydrogels, spheroids, tissue scaffolds and very promising microfluidic systems. In this paper, a ‘sandwich’ structure-liked microfluidic device integrated with a 3D printing scaffold is proposed for three-dimensional and dynamic cell culture. The device consists of three layers, i.e. upper layer, scaffold layer and bottom layer. The upper layer is used for introducing cells and fixing scaffold, the scaffold layer mimicking ECM is used for providing 3D attachment areas, and the bottom layer mimicking blood vessels is used for supplying dynamic medium for cells. Thermally assisted electrohydrodynamic jet (TAEJ) printing technology and microfabrication technology are combined to fabricate the device. The flow field in the chamber of device is evaluated by numerical simulation and particle tracking technology to investigate the effects of scaffold on fluid microenvironment. The cell culturing processes are presented by the flow behaviors of inks with different colors. The densities and viabilities of HeLa cells are evaluated and compared after 72 h of culturing in the microfluidic devices and 48-well plate. The dose-dependent cell responses to doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) are observed after 24 h treatment at different concentrations. These experimental results, including the evaluation of cell proliferation and in vitro cytotoxicity assessment of DOX in the devices and plate, demonstrate that the presented microfluidic device has good biocompatibility and feasibility, which have great potential in providing native microenvironments for in vitro cell studies, tissue engineering and drug screening for tumor therapy.
Optical image rotation based on orbital angular momentum decomposition and combination
Authors: Al Ibrahim Redha H , Zheng Shuiqin , Ng Tien Khee , Ooi Boon S
Published: August 2022

This paper theoretically presents an optical image rotation system based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) manipulation. This system consists of two parts corresponding to OAM decomposition and OAM combination functions. OAM decomposition transforms the optical field into the OAM spectrum by log-polar transformation. OAM manipulation is applied on the OAM spectrum plane of the system, and then the OAM combination transforms the manipulated spectrum back into an optical image. By applying a linear phase shift modulation to the OAM spectrum, the image rotates due to the modulation. This paper demonstrates that the OAM spectrum manipulation for image rotation is equivalent to the one-dimensional movement of one of the optical elements. It is suggested that the rotation angle adjustment of an optical image rotation system can be realized, not only by the rotation of the elements, but also made possible by the linear translation of the optical elements. This means that the OAM dimension can bring new features to optical design.
Physical Activity Dynamics During a Digital Messaging Intervention Changed After the Pandemic Declaration
Authors: Hojjatinia Sahar , Lee Alexandra M , Hojjatinia Sarah , Lagoa Constantino M , Brunke-Reese Deborah , Conroy David E
Published: August 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic adversely impacted physical activity, but little is known about how contextual changes following the pandemic declaration impacted either the dynamics of people’s physical activity or their responses to micro-interventions for promoting physical activity.

Purpose

This paper explored the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dynamics of physical activity responses to digital message interventions.

Methods

Insufficiently-active young adults (18–29 years; N = 22) were recruited from November 2019 to January 2020 and wore a Fitbit smartwatch for 6 months. They received 0–6 messages/day via smartphone app notifications, timed and selected at random from three content libraries (Move More, Sit Less, and Inspirational Quotes). System identification techniques from control systems engineering were used to identify person-specific dynamical models of physical activity in response to messages before and after the pandemic declaration on March 13, 2020.

Results

Daily step counts decreased significantly following the pandemic declaration on weekdays (Cohen’s d = -1.40) but not on weekends (d = -0.26). The mean overall speed of the response describing physical activity (dominant pole magnitude) did not change significantly on either weekdays (d = -0.18) or weekends (d = -0.21). In contrast, there was limited rank-order consistency in specific features of intervention responses from before to after the pandemic declaration.

Conclusions

Generalizing models of behavioral dynamics across dramatically different environmental contexts (and participants) may lead to flawed decision rules for just-in-time physical activity interventions. Periodic model-based adaptations to person-specific decision rules (i.e., continuous tuning interventions) for digital messages are recommended when contexts change.
Network of the transcriptome and metabolomics reveals a novel regulation of drought resistance during germination in wheat
Authors: Li Zongzhen , Lian Yanhao , Gong Pu , Song Linhu , Hu Junjie , Pang Haifang , Ren Yongzhe , Xin Zeyu , Wang Zhiqiang , Lin Tongbao
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims

The North China Plain, the highest winter-wheat-producing region of China, is seriously threatened by drought. Traditional irrigation wastes a significant amount of water during the sowing season. Therefore, it is necessary to study the drought resistance of wheat during germination to maintain agricultural ecological security. From several main cultivars in the North China Plain, we screened the drought-resistant cultivar JM47 and drought-sensitive cultivar AK58 during germination using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) drought simulation method. An integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolomics was performed to understand the regulatory networks related to drought resistance in wheat germination and verify key regulatory genes.

Methods

Transcriptional and metabolic changes were investigated using statistical analyses and gene–metabolite correlation networks. Transcript and metabolite profiles were obtained through high-throughput RNA-sequencing data analysis and ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, respectively.

Key Results

A total of 8083 and 2911 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 173 and 148 differential metabolites were identified in AK58 and JM47, respectively, under drought stress. According to the integrated analysis results, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling was prominently enriched in JM47. A decrease in α-linolenic acid content was consistent with the performance of DEGs involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis in the two cultivars under drought stress. Abscisic acid (ABA) content decreased more in JM47 than in AK58, and linoleic acid content decreased in AK58 but increased in JM47. α-Tocotrienol was upregulated and strongly correlated with α-linolenic acid metabolism.

Conclusions

The DEGs that participated in the mTOR and α-linolenic acid metabolism pathways were considered candidate DEGs related to drought resistance and the key metabolites α-tocotrienol, linoleic acid and l-leucine, which could trigger a comprehensive and systemic effect on drought resistance during germination by activating mTOR–ABA signalling and the interaction of various hormones.
One-year functional outcomes of patients aged 80 years or more undergoing colonic cancer surgery: prospective, multicentre observational study
Authors: Niemeläinen Susanna , Huhtala Heini , Jämsen Esa , Kössi Jyrki , Andersen Jan , Ehrlich Anu , Haukijärvi Eija , Koikkalainen Suvi , Koskensalo Selja , Mattila Anne , Pinta Tarja , Uotila-Nieminen Mirjami , Vihervaara Hanna , Hyöty Marja
Published: August 2022

Background

Older patients are at high risk of experiencing delayed functional recovery after surgical treatment. This study aimed to identify factors that predict changes in the level of support for activities of daily living and mobility 1 year after colonic cancer surgery.

Methods

This was a multicentre, observational study conforming to STROBE guidelines. The prospective data included pre-and postoperative mobility and need for support in daily activities, co-morbidities, onco-geriatric screening tool (G8), clinical frailty scale (CFS), operative data, and postoperative surgical outcomes.

Results

A total of 167 patients aged 80 years or more with colonic cancer were recruited. After surgery, 30 per cent and 22 per cent of all patients had increased need for support and decreased motility. Multivariableanalysis with all patients demonstrated that preoperative support in daily activities outside the home (OR 3.23, 95 per cent c.i. 1.06 to 9.80, P = 0.039) was associated with an increased support at follow-up. A history of cognitive impairment (3.15, 1.06 to 9.34, P = 0.038) haemoglobin less than 120 g/l (7.48, 1.97 to 28.4, P = 0.003) and discharge to other medical facilities (4.72, 1.39 to 16.0, P = 0.013) were independently associated with declined mobility. With functionally independent patients, haemoglobin less than 120 g/l (8.31, 1.76 to 39.2, P = 0.008) and discharge to other medical facilities (4.38, 1.20 to 16.0, P = 0.026) were associated with declined mobility.

Conclusion

Increased need for support before surgery, cognitive impairment, preoperative anaemia, and discharge to other medical facilities predicts an increased need for support or declined mobility 1 year after colonic cancer surgery. Preoperative assessment and optimization should focus on anaemia correction, nutritional status, and mobility with detailed rehabilitation plan.
Nudging for Social Change: Promises and Cautions for Social Workers to Apply Behavioural Economic Tools
Authors: Wang Julia Shu-Huah
Published: August 2022

Emerging knowledge from the behavioural economics field has the potential to expand social workers’ repertoire of tools to facilitate clients’ behavioural change and enhance policy design. However, social work training and practice do not traditionally incorporate this school of knowledge. As an initial step to bridge social work and behavioural economics, this article introduces behavioural economic concepts to social workers. In particular, it (i) reviews behavioural tendencies that are irrational, (ii) introduces seven behavioural intervention tools (commitment devices, defaults, incentives, social comparison, planning, messaging, and simplification and salience) to address these irrationalities, (iii) discusses cautions when applying these tools, (iv) introduces potential applications in micro and macro social work practice, (v) outlines steps to incorporate behavioural economic concepts into programme/policy design and (vi) addresses ethical considerations. Enhancing social workers’ knowledge of behavioural economics can facilitate interdisciplinary communication, collaboration and cross-fertilisation. Whilst social work practice may benefit from incorporating behavioural intervention tools, social workers’ rich practice wisdom can contribute to advancing ways through which nudge interventions further facilitate cognitive changes to bring about sustainable behavioural changes.
Brain areas associated with visual spatial attention display topographic organization during auditory spatial attention
Authors: Popov Tzvetan , Gips Bart , Weisz Nathan , Jensen Ole
Published: August 2022

Spatially selective modulation of alpha power (8–14 Hz) is a robust finding in electrophysiological studies of visual attention, and has been recently generalized to auditory spatial attention. This modulation pattern is interpreted as reflecting a top-down mechanism for suppressing distracting input from unattended directions of sound origin. The present study on auditory spatial attention extends this interpretation by demonstrating that alpha power modulation is closely linked to oculomotor action. We designed an auditory paradigm in which participants were required to attend to upcoming sounds from one of 24 loudspeakers arranged in a circular array around the head. Maintaining the location of an auditory cue was associated with a topographically modulated distribution of posterior alpha power resembling the findings known from visual attention. Multivariate analyses allowed the prediction of the sound location in the horizontal plane. Importantly, this prediction was also possible, when derived from signals capturing saccadic activity. A control experiment on auditory spatial attention confirmed that, in absence of any visual/auditory input, lateralization of alpha power is linked to the lateralized direction of gaze. Attending to an auditory target engages oculomotor and visual cortical areas in a topographic manner akin to the retinotopic organization associated with visual attention.
From urges to tics in children with Tourette syndrome: associations with supplementary motor area GABA and right motor cortex physiology
Authors: Larsh Travis R , Huddleston David A , Horn Paul S , Wu Steve W , Cecil Kim M , Jackson Hannah S , Edden Richard A E , Mostofsky Stewart H , Gilbert Donald L
Published: August 2022

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset disorder in which tics are often preceded by premonitory sensory urges. More severe urges correlate with worse tics and can render behavioral therapies less effective. The supplementary motor area (SMA) is a prefrontal region believed to influence tic performance. To determine whether cortical physiological properties correlate with urges and tics, we evaluated, in 8–12-year-old right-handed TS children (n = 17), correlations of urge and tic severity scores and compared both to cortical excitability (CE) and short- and long-interval cortical inhibition (SICI and LICI) in both left and right M1. We also modeled these M1 transcranial magnetic stimulation measures with SMA gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) levels in TS and typically developing control children (n = 16). Urge intensity correlated strongly with tic scores. More severe urges correlated with lower CE and less LICI in both right and left M1. Unexpectedly, in right M1, lower CE and less LICI correlated with less severe tics. We found that SMA GABA modulation of right, but not left, M1 CE and LICI differed in TS. We conclude that in young children with TS, lower right M1 CE and LICI, modulated by SMA GABA, may reflect compensatory mechanisms to diminish tics in response to premonitory urges.
Accuracy of wristwatch-type photoplethysmography in detecting atrial fibrillation in daily life
Authors: Nonoguchi Noriko Matsushita , Soejima Kyoko , Goda Ayumi , Nishimura Kunihiro , Onozuka Daisuke , Fujita Shin , Koyama Fumio , Takano Yuichi , Iguchi Shiho , Sato Hideki , Mohri Takato , Katusme Yumi , Tashiro Mika , Hoshida Kyoko , Miwa Yosuke , Togashi Ikuko , Ueda Akiko , Sato Toshiaki , Kohno Takashi
Published: August 2022

Aims

Detection of asymptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is challenging. Smartphone- or smartwatch-based photoplethysmography is efficient at detecting irregular rhythms using pulse waves but is too complex for older patients. We aimed to evaluate the detection accuracy of atrial fibrillation by a wristwatch-type continuous pulse wave monitor (PWM) in daily life.

Methods and results

Patients at high risk of atrial fibrillation but with no history of atrial fibrillation (n = 163; mean CHADS2 score, 1.9) and patients with known atrial fibrillation (n = 123, including 34 with persistent atrial fibrillation) underwent PWM and telemetry electrocardiogram recording for 3 days. Risk of atrial fibrillation was judged using the ‘Kyorin Atrial Fibrillation Risk Score’, a scoring system based on previously reported atrial fibrillation risk scoring systems. The PWM assessed the presence of atrial fibrillation at 30 min intervals, and the results were compared with the telemetry electrocardiogram findings. The PWMs accurately diagnosed two patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the high-risk group. The PWMs accurately diagnosed 48 of the 55 patients with atrial fibrillation in the known-atrial fibrillation group. The PWM accuracy in detecting patients with atrial fibrillation was as follows: sensitivity, 98.0%; specificity, 90.6%; positive predictive value, 69.4%; negative predictive value, 99.5%. The respective values for intervals with atrial fibrillation were 86.9%, 98.8%, 89.6%, and 98.5%.

Conclusion

The wristwatch-type PWM has shown feasibility in detecting atrial fibrillation in daily life and showed the possibility of being used as a screening tool.
Genome assembly and annotation of the European earwig Forficula auricularia (subspecies B)
Authors: Bhattarai Upendra R , Katuwal Mandira , Poulin Robert , Gemmell Neil J , Dowle Eddy
Published: August 2022

The European earwig Forficula auricularia is an important model for studies of maternal care, sexual selection, sociality, and host–parasite interactions. However, detailed genetic investigations of this species are hindered by a lack of genomic resources. Here, we present a high-quality hybrid genome assembly for Forficula auricularia using Nanopore long-reads and 10× linked-reads. The final assembly is 1.06 Gb in length with 31.03% GC content. It consists of 919 scaffolds with an N50 of 12.55 Mb. Half of the genome is present in only 20 scaffolds. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs scores are ∼90% from 3 sets of single-copy orthologs (eukaryotic, insect, and arthropod). The total repeat elements in the genome are 64.62%. The MAKER2 pipeline annotated 12,876 protein-coding genes and 21,031 mRNAs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the assembled genome as that of species B, one of the 2 known genetic subspecies of Forficula auricularia. The genome assembly, annotation, and associated resources will be of high value to a large and diverse group of researchers working on dermapterans.
Characterization of Plasma Immunoglobulin G Responses in Elite Neutralizers of Human Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Harnois Melissa J , Dennis Maria , Stöhr Dagmar , Valencia Sarah M , Rodgers Nicole , Semmes Eleanor C , Webster Helen S , Jenks Jennifer A , Barfield Richard , Pollara Justin , Chan Cliburn , Sinzger Christian , Permar Sallie R
Published: August 2022

Background

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common infectious complication of organ transplantation and cause of birth defects worldwide. There are limited therapeutic options and no licensed vaccine to prevent HCMV infection or disease. To inform development of HCMV antibody-based interventions, a previous study identified individuals with potent and broad plasma HCMV-neutralizing activity, termed elite neutralizers (ENs), from a cohort of HCMV-seropositive (SP) blood donors. However, the specificities and functions of plasma antibodies associated with EN status remained undefined.

Methods

We sought to determine the plasma antibody specificities, breadth, and Fc-mediated antibody effector functions associated with the most potent HCMV-neutralizing responses in plasma from ENs (n = 25) relative to that from SP donors (n = 19). We measured antibody binding against various HCMV strains and glycoprotein targets and evaluated Fc-mediated effector functions, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP).

Results

We demonstrate that ENs have elevated immunoglobulin G binding responses against multiple viral glycoproteins, relative to SP donors. Our study also revealed potent HCMV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis activity of plasma from ENs.

Conclusions

We conclude that antibody responses against multiple glycoprotein specificities may be needed to achieve potent plasma neutralization and that potently HCMV elite-neutralizing plasma antibodies can also mediate polyfunctional responses.
Engaging the disability community in informatics research: rationales and practical steps
Authors: Valdez Rupa S , Lyon Sophie E , Wellbeloved-Stone Claire , Collins Mary , Rogers Courtney C , Cantin-Garside Kristine D , Gonclaves Fortes Diogo , Kim Chung , Desai Shaalini S , Keim-Malpass Jessica , Kushalnagar Raja
Published: August 2022

As the informatics community grows in its ability to address health disparities, there is an opportunity to expand our impact by focusing on the disability community as a health disparity population. Although informaticians have primarily catered design efforts to one disability at a time, digital health technologies can be enhanced by approaching disability from a more holistic framework, simultaneously accounting for multiple forms of disability and the ways disability intersects with other forms of identity. The urgency of moving toward this more holistic approach is grounded in ethical, legal, and design-related rationales. Shaped by our research and advocacy with the disability community, we offer a set of guidelines for effective engagement. We argue that such engagement is critical to creating digital health technologies which more fully meet the needs of all disabled individuals.
Quantification of Anti-Osteoporotic Anabolic Peptide in Stealth Lipid Nanovesicles Through Validated RP-HPLC Method
Authors: Salave Sagar , Jain Sonali , Shah Ravi , Benival Derajram
Published: August 2022

Background

Teriparatide is a recombinant fragment of human parathyroid hormone, a potent osteoanabolic agent used for osteoporosis.

Objective

The present study endeavored to develop a simple, rapid, and reliable reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of teriparatide in pegylated lipid nanovesicles for rapid formulation development/optimization.

Method

A rapid RP-HPLC-based analytical method was developed for the quantification of teriparatide in pegylated lipid nanovesicles. The method was optimized on a Waters XBridge C18 (4.6 × 150 mm, 10 μm) column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile both in a linear gradient program. In the method, a short run time of 9 min was achieved at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with an injection volume of 50 µL at a detection wavelength of 210 nm. The developed method was validated according to the ICH Q2 (R2) guideline. The method was applied for the quantification of teriparatide in prepared pegylated lipid nanovesicles. Teriparatide encapsulated pegylated lipid nanovesicles were prepared by the ethanol injection method. Further, these vesicles were characterized for % entrapment efficiency (%EE), particle size, zeta potential, and morphology by Cryo-SEM.

Results

The teriparatide was eluting at 4.8 min in the run. Further, for the method validation, the linear relationship between concentration and response was established over the concentration range of 50–250 µg/mL with the R2 > 0.999. The method sensitivity was shown with LOD and LOQ with the value of 100 ng/mL and 500 ng/mL, respectively. The method was found to be accurate and precise with the recovery ranging in 100 ± 2% and RSD <2%, respectively. Minor deliberate changes proved the robustness of the developed method.

Conclusions

These results indicated that the developed and validated method is accurate, precise, rapid, reliable, and fit for the quantification of teriparatide in different formulations.

Highlights

The RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantification of teriparatide from novel pegylated lipid nanovesicles.
Determination of Insoluble, Soluble, and Total Dietary Fiber in Foods Using a Rapid Integrated Procedure of Enzymatic-Gravimetric-Liquid Chromatography: First Action 2022.01
Authors: McCleary Barry V , McLoughlin Ciara
Published: August 2022

Background

A simple, accurate, and reliable method for the measurement of total dietary fiber (TDF) according to the Codex definition (2009) was developed and successfully validated as AOAC Official Method of Analysis (OMA) 2017.16. Subsequently, OMA 2017.16 was modified to allow separate measurement of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) fractions.

Objective

To perform a collaborative study to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of OMA 2017.16 modification for the measurement of total dietary fiber (TDF) as IDF and SDF measured as (1) water SDF that precipitates in 78% aqueous ethanol (SDFP), and (2) water SDF that remains soluble in 78% aqueous ethanol (SDFS) of degree of polymerization ≥3.

Methods

Duplicate test portions are incubated with pancreatic α-amylase (PAA), amyloglucosidase (AMG), and protease under the conditions employed in OMA 2017.16. For the measurement of IDF, the digestate is filtered and the IDF determined gravimetrically. SDFP in the IDF filtrate is precipitated with alcohol and captured by filtration and determined. SDFS in the SDFP filtrate is recovered and quantitated by LC. The matrixes included cereal products and flours, vegetables, health food snacks, soup, chocolate, and beans. Additional materials were analyzed by collaborators as “practice samples”.

Results

With the diethylene glycol internal standard, all multi-laboratotu (MLV) matrixes resulted in repeatability relative standard deviations (RSDr) for TDF analyses of <3.60% and RSDR ranging from 4.55 to 9.26%. For the practice samples, the RSDR for TDF ranged from 6.69 to 11.68%.

Conclusion

OMA 2022.01 meets the AOAC requirements for repeatability and reproducibility and the data support First Action status.

Highlights

OMA 2022.01 is a robust and reproducible method for the analysis of insoluble, soluble (SDFP and SDFS), and TDF in a wide range of matrixes.