bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of matching job resources in different demanding situations at work: A vignette study
Authors: Van den Tooren Marieke , De Jonge Jan
Published: July 2009

This study examines human service employees' beliefs about the availability, relevance, and use of specific types of job resources (i.e. cognitive, emotional, and physical) in similar types of demanding situations at work. To gain a better understanding of these intra‐psychic processes assumed to underlie the relation between job demands, job resources, and job‐related outcomes, a quasi‐experimental survey study with vignettes was developed. Results showed that different patterns could be observed between the availability, relevance, and use of matching and non‐matching job resources in a physically demanding situation at work. No such differences were observed in a cognitively and emotionally demanding job. Further, it was shown that there generally seems to be a dominant role for emotional job resources in the job stress process, whereas the role of physical job resources and, to a lesser extent, cognitive job resources appears much weaker and mainly restricted to corresponding types of job demands. Finally, results suggested that employees who are faced with a particular type of job demands may take advantage of both matching and non‐matching job resources, implying that the ‘matching hypothesis’ is a probabilistic rather than a static principle.
Vanadium-salen and -salan complexes: Characterization and application in oxygen-transfer reactions
Authors: Adão Pedro , Maurya Mannar R. , Kumar Umesh , Avecilla Fernando , Henriques Rui T. , Kusnetsov Maxim L. , Costa Pessoa João , Correia Isabel
Published: July 2009

Salen complexes are a versatile and standard system in oxidation catalysis. Their reduced derivatives, called salan, share their versatility but are still widely unexplored. We report the synthesis of a group of new vanadium-salen and -salan complexes, their characterization and application in the oxidation of simple organic molecules with H2O2. The ligands are derived from pyridoxal and chiral diamines (1,2-diaminocyclohexane and 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine) and were easily obtained in high yields. The VIV complexes were prepared and characterized in the solid state (Fourier transform infrared, FTIR, and magnetic properties) and in solution by spectroscopic techniques: UV–vis, circular dichroism (CD), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and 51V NMR, which provide information on the coordination geometry. Single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction studies were obtained from solutions containing the VIV-pyr(S,S-chan) complex: [VVO{pyr(S,S-chen)}]2(μ-O)2·2(CH3)2NCHO, where the ligand is the “half” Schiff base formed by pyridoxal and 1S,2S-diaminocyclohexane. The dinuclear species shows a OVV(μ-O)2VVO unit with tridentate ligands and two μ-oxo bridges. The VIV complexes of the salan-type ligands oxidize in organic solvents to a VV species, and the process was studied by spectroscopic techniques. The complexes were tested as catalysts in the oxidation of styrene, cyclohexene, and cumene with H2O2 as oxidant. Overall, the V-salan complexes show higher activity than the parent V-salen complexes and are an alternative ligand system for oxidation catalysis.
Canine Influenza Virus Replicates in Alveolar Macrophages and Induces TNF-α
Authors: Powe J. R. , Castleman W. L.
Published: July 2009

Canine influenza virus (CIV) is a recently emergent pathogen of dogs that has caused highly contagious respiratory disease in racing Greyhounds, pet dogs, and shelter animals. Initial characterizations of CIV-induced respiratory disease suggested alveolar macrophages may be susceptible to virus infection. To investigate the role of the alveolar macrophage in the pathogenesis of CIV infection, primary alveolar macrophages were inoculated with CIV and studied from 0 to 48 hours later. Virus titers in alveolar macrophage culture supernatants increased significantly ( P < .05, n = 7) from 3 to 24 hours following virus inoculation. Virus matrix gene expression was significantly increased ( P < .05, n = 14) at 3, 6, and 12 hours after inoculation, peaking at 6,445-fold the level of RNA detectable immediately following inoculation. Virus-inoculated macrophages demonstrated significantly ( P < .05, n = 5) decreased viability (30% trypan blue positive) by 12 hours after inoculation compared with mock-inoculated cells (5% trypan blue positive). By 12 hours after inoculation, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA levels were significantly ( P < .05, n = 11) increased over those immediately following inoculation. Only TNF-α protein levels were significantly increased ( P < .05, n = 11) at 12 hours after inoculation. In conclusion, the results indicate that CIV replicates in canine alveolar macrophages and induces TNF-α expression and cell death.
Naturally Occurring and Melengestrol Acetate-associated Reproductive Tract Lesions in Zoo Canids
Authors: Moresco A. , Munson L. , Gardner I. A.
Published: July 2009

As husbandry practices have improved, safe and effective contraception for captive wildlife management has become a necessity. Melengestrol acetate (MGA), a synthetic progestin, is highly effective and has been used in many zoo species. Long-term use of MGA has been associated with uterine lesions in zoo felids, but effects in zoo canids have not been evaluated. This retrospective study documented spontaneously occurring lesions and investigated the impact of MGA on the reproductive health of zoo canids. Reproductive tracts from adult females were submitted by US zoos to the Association of Zoos & Aquariums' Wildlife Contraception Center Health Surveillance Program. Reproductive tracts were sampled and processed for histopathologic examination following standard protocols. Microscopic evaluations were performed without prior knowledge of MGA treatment status. Prevalence of uterine lesions was evaluated and compared between MGA-treated animals (n = 20) and control (untreated) animals (n = 61). Common lesions within the study population as a whole included endometrial hyperplasia (predominantly cystic) (53%), hydrometra (33%), and adenomyosis (25%). Treatment with MGA was a risk factor for endometrial hyperplasia, hydrometra, fibrosis, and adenomyosis. Uterine mineralization occurred exclusively in MGA-treated animals. Results indicate that MGA contraception can lead to lesions that may permanently impair the fertility of females. Therefore, if long-term contraception of zoo canids is necessary, the use of alternate methods of reproductive control such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs or GnRH vaccines that reduce gonadal hormone exposure should be pursued.
The Experimental Induction of Leukoencephalomyelopathy in Cats
Authors: Caulfield C. D. , Kelly J. P. , Jones B. R. , Worrall S. , Conlon L. , Palmer A. C. , Cassidy J. P.
Published: July 2009

Leukoencephalomyelopathy of undetermined etiology has been described in specific pathogen-free cats. A study was established to assess if the long-term feeding of a gamma-irradiated diet could induce this disease. Cats fed exclusively on diet irradiated at 25.7–38.1 kGy (“typical” dose) and 38.1–53.6 kGy (high-end dose), respectively, developed typical lesions with attendant, progressively severe ataxia between study days 140 and 174. The onset of ataxia at day 140 and the number of animals affected at this time were similar in animals fed each ration. A maximum ataxia “score” was first reached by an animal on the high-end dose diet on day 167 and by 2 cats fed the “typical-end” dose diet 21 days later. Ataxic cats and 1 animal euthanized on day 93 prior to the onset of ataxia exhibited varying degrees of Wallerian degeneration in the spinal cord and brain, similar to the spontaneous disease. The elevated total antioxidant status of spinal cord segments and hepatic superoxide dismutase concentration of cats fed typical and high-end treated diets suggested free-radical involvement in the pathogenesis. The significantly elevated peroxide concentrations of the irradiated diets (1,040% and 6,440% of untreated values) may have resulted in increased oxidative insult, a factor possibly exacerbated by the treated diets' reduced vitamin A content. This study has reproduced leukoencephalomyelopathy in cats similar to spontaneous outbreaks by feeding a gamma-irradiated dry diet with elevated peroxide and reduced vitamin A concentrations.
Gestalt Therapy: Student Perceptions of Fritz Perls inThree Approaches to Psychotherapy
Authors: Reilly Joe , Jacobus Veronica
Published: July 2009

TheThree Approaches to Psychotherapy (TAP)videotape series introduces students to three major schools of psychotherapy: client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy, and rational–emotive therapy. A sample of undergraduate students viewed theTAPseries. The students were surveyed about their observations of Gestalt therapy and Fritz Perls' interactions with and treatment of Gloria, the client. This importance of the film series is its presentation of psychotherapy as done in that time by the founders of these schools. Videotapes are routinely employed educationally to show therapy techniques and illuminate theory. This paper examines the usefulness of this video to teach gestalt therapy to psychology students in four sections — two underclass and two upper class sections — in the same term. Student perceptions of this 40-year-old film series are explored. The gender relationship of therapist and client is shown as an example of the apparent sexism of the culture and cognitive processes of the time and its participants. Results found to today's instructionally sophisticated students agreed with Perls' explanation and portrayal of gestalt therapy and interactions with Gloria, his adult client.
Speciation and Mobility Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Coastal Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Ash Landfill
Authors: Inui Toru , Oya Yoshihiro , Plata Hermelinda , Katsumi Takeshi , Kamon Masashi
Published: July 2009

In the metropolitan areas of Japan, coastal landfills have become a practical and main solution for the disposal of municipal solid waste incinerator ash (MSWIA) due to limited inland space. Leachate from the landfilled MSWIA contains many dissolved and suspended substances harmful to the surrounding environment, particularly heavy metals, such as lead, zinc, and cadmium. The mobility assessment of these heavy metals is therefore one of the important environmental issues for the coastal landfill. In this paper, modified batch tests were conducted to investigate the effects of pH and Eh changes on the mobility of heavy metals in both MSWIA and marine clay layer. Based on the speciation of heavy metals by using a sequential extraction method in the leachate-MSWIA and leachate-marine clay systems, heavy metal mobility and availability were discussed with the comparison to large-scale model test results presented by (Kamon et al. “Biochemical Effects on the Long-Term Mobility of Heavy Metals in Marine Clay at Coastal Landfill Sites,” J. ASTM Int., Vol. 3, 2006), which provides the long-term change in heavy metal concentrations and forms in the coastal MSWIA landfill site. Under the high pH (≈11) and low Eh (≈−200 mV) condition in the MSWIA-leachate system, Zn, Pb, and Cd were effectively immobilized by the formation of the reducible and oxidizable fractions of Zn and the oxidizable and residual (insoluble) fractions of Pb significantly. However, the potential mobility of Cd was relatively high since the formation of exchangeable compounds was more dominantly contributed to the immobilization. Test results on the speciation of the metals in the marine clay-leachate system accounts well for the evidence that the marine clay acts as the attenuation layer for heavy metals in leachate. These findings strongly support that heavy metal mobility is restricted in the coastal MSWIA landfill due to the formation of stable and insoluble forms under reduced-alkaline condition and the attenuation effect of the marine clay.
Sealed Aluminum Cavity Reactions when Submerged in Pure O2 Reboiler Sump
Authors: Schmidt William P. , Cawthra Michael , Houghton Patrick A. , McDonald Ralph H. , Sherwood Robert J. , Wieder Stephen J.
Published: July 2009

Aluminum has a long history of safe service in cryogenic air separation units; however, there have been some rare instances of aluminum/O2 reactions. Aluminum ignition and propagation depends strongly on the oxygen purity, oxygen pressure, aluminum geometry, and type and energy of igniter. Over the years, the industry has experienced a particular type of aluminum/O2 reaction: cavity incidents. These incidents are characterized by the presence of a sealed cavity that is created when welding two metal items together. Such a sealed cavity can lead to aluminum ignition under certain specific conditions: (1) The sealed cavity is submerged in a bath of liquid oxygen. Over a long period of time, liquid cryogen can enter the sealed cavity through slight imperfections in the weld. (2) The sealed cavity is warmed over a short period of time, typically a few hours. (3) The liquid oxygen vaporizes, and the pressure inside the cavity builds to very high levels (potentially over 50 bars). (4) Ignition occurs in the high pressure, high purity oxygen environment, and the resulting aluminum/oxygen reaction burns through the relatively thick cavity walls. (5) The oxygen and reaction products exit the cavity through the hole, lowering the pressure and extinguishing the reaction. This paper discusses two such incidents, which have occurred since 2001. Both incidents took place in brazed aluminum heat exchanger (BAHX) reboiler support beam systems. In both cases, the BAHX reboiler was damaged, leading to a process leak, which required that the plant be repaired. In one case, the damage occurred while warming a plant. In the second case, the damage occurred during normal operation. This second case does not appear to follow the sequence of events outlined above; however, evidence is presented to support the scenario that the cavity incident occurred during a previous warming of the plant. This initial damage then impaired the normal operation of the reboiler, leading to a second hydrocarbon related reaction during normal operation. The paper discusses the potential ignition mechanisms, probable causes of the incidents, and methods to prevent future re-occurrences.
A Call for Research: The Need to Better Understand the Impact of Support Groups for Suicide Survivors
Authors: Cerel Julie , Padgett Jason H. , Conwell Yeates , Reed Gerald A.
Published: July 2009

Support groups for suicide survivors (those individuals bereaved following a suicide) are widely used, but little research evidence is available to determine their efficacy. This paper outlines the pressing public health need to conduct research and determine effective ways to identify and meet the needs of suicide survivors, particularly through survivor support groups. After describing the various approaches to survivor support groups, we explain the need for further research, despite the inherent challenges. Finally, we pose several questions for researchers to consider as they work with survivors to develop a research agenda that sheds more light on the experiences of survivors and the help provided by survivor support groups.
XML-basierte Codierung musikwissenschaftlicher Daten — Zu den Voraussetzungen einer digitalen MusikeditionXML-based Encoding of Musicological Data — About the Requirements of a Digital Music Philology
Authors: Kepper Johannes
Published: July 2009

Ausgehend von einem kurzen Überblick über die Geschichte der Musikcodierung werden mit MusicXML und MEI zwei konzeptionell sehr unterschiedliche Datenformate zur Codierung von Musiknotation vorgestellt. Während MusicXML als Austauschformat inzwischen größte Verbreitung gefunden hat, versucht MEI ausdrücklich, musikeditorische Anforderungen zu erfüllen. Der Beitrag versucht, einige dieser Anforderungen zu skizzieren und einen Einblick in die spezifischen Herausforderungen auf dem Weg zu einer digitalen Musikphilologie zu beleuchten.
Does Ibuprofen Increase Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia?
Authors: Zecca Enrico , Romagnoli Costantino , De Carolis Maria Pia , Costa Simonetta , Marra Rosa , De Luca Daniele
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether ibuprofen exposure was associated with increased hyperbilirubinemia in preterm infants.

METHODS: Since 2000, ibuprofen has been administered to all infants at <30 weeks of gestation who are admitted to our unit, to prevent patent ductus arteriosus. We retrospectively compared data for 418 infants subjected to ibuprofen prophylaxis (2000–2007) and 288 infants not exposed to ibuprofen (1993–1999).

RESULTS: The ibuprofen group had a significantly higher peak total serum bilirubin level (9.0 ± 2.5 mg/dL vs 7.3 ± 3.3 mg/dL), more need for phototherapy (398 infants [95%] vs 254 infants [87.6%]), and a longer phototherapy duration (94.3 ± 43.6 hours vs 87.2 ± 38.6 hours). Groups did not differ with respect to gestational age, birth weight, gender ratio, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency incidence, or hypoalbuminemia (<2.5 g/dL) incidence. Hemolytic isoimmunization was diagnosed with similar incidences (no-ibuprofen group: 7 of 288 infants; ibuprofen group: 8 of 418 infants). The rates of exchange-transfusion also were similar between the groups (no-ibuprofen group: 14 infants [4.8%]; ibuprofen group: 19 infants [4.5%]).

CONCLUSIONS: Ibuprofen administration was associated with higher peak total serum bilirubin levels, and the more-pronounced hyperbilirubinemia led to longer phototherapy. The potential role of competition between ibuprofen and bilirubin in the hepatic glucuronidation pathway is discussed.
Time-Related Changes in Steroid Use and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants
Authors: Yoder Bradley A. , Harrison Megan , Clark Reese H.
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE: To assess dexamethasone (DEX) and hydrocortisone (HC) use in premature infants over time and the association of steroid use with the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.

METHODS: We analyzed data from the Pediatrix database for neonates of 23 to 32 weeks' gestation managed during 1997–2006 (N = 77520). We compared the use of DEX, HC and BPD (defined by oxygen use at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age) according to year and estimated gestational age. Mantel-Haenszel χ2 was used to compare the trends in steroid use and BPD rates according to year.

RESULTS: There were no differences by year in the proportion of births at each gestation or in early or late neonatal death. DEX use decreased from a peak of 25.0% in 1998 to 6.8% in 2006, but HC use increased from 1.1% in 1997 to a peak of 6.5% in 2006. The median age at initiation of DEX use increased >2 weeks from 1997 to 2006. BPD rates increased from 19% in 1997 to 25% by 2006. Rates for severe BPD (defined by positive pressure support) also increased significantly over time. Between 23 and 28 weeks, there was a significant increase in BPD rates associated with the decrease in DEX over time.

CONCLUSIONS: Steroid use and preference have changed significantly over the past decade. Decreased use of DEX was associated with increased rates of BPD, any or severe, among very preterm infants. Well-designed, randomized, noncrossover trials with long-term outcome analysis of high-risk infants are needed.
Prevalence of Transient Hyperphosphatasemia Among Healthy Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Huh Susanna Y. , Feldman Henry A. , Cox Joanne E. , Gordon Catherine M.
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of transient hyperphosphatasemia (TH) in a cohort of healthy infants and toddlers.

METHODS: We performed a secondary data analysis of healthy infants and toddlers enrolled in a study examining the epidemiology of vitamin D deficiency. From 2005 to 2007, children aged 8 to 24 months were enrolled during well-child visits at an urban primary care pediatric clinic. At enrollment, we collected data regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. We measured serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. We placed participants into 1 of 3 categories on the basis of serum AP levels: normal (AP: 110–400 U/L), intermediate (AP: >400 to 1000 U/L), and TH (AP: >1000 U/L). We used Fisher's exact test and analysis of variance to evaluate differences in characteristics among the 3 groups.

RESULTS: Nine (2.8%) of 316 children had an AP level of >1000 U/L (mean: 2165 U/L). Sixteen children (5.1%) had an intermediate serum AP level (mean: 544 U/L). Mean weight-for-age, length-for-age, and weight-for-length z scores were similar across all 3 AP groups. Compared with the 291 children without TH, children in the intermediate AP and TH groups had similar mean serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, PTH, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus.

CONCLUSIONS: TH seems to be a relatively common condition among healthy infants and toddlers. TH was not associated with anthropometric measures, vitamin D status, PTH, or serum minerals. Recognition of this benign condition is important to avoid unnecessary investigations.
State Variation in Psychotropic Medication Use by Foster Care Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Rubin David M. , Feudtner Chris , Localio Russell , Mandell David S.
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare on a national cohort of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) the concurrent use of ≥3 psychotropic medications between children in foster care and children who have disabilities and receive Supplemental Security Income, and to describe variation among states in the use of these medications by children in foster care.

METHODS: Studied was the concurrent use of ≥3 classes of psychotropic medications, identified from the 2001 Medicaid claims of 43406 children who were aged 3 to 18 years and had ≥1 annual claim for ASD. Medicaid enrollment as a child in foster care versus a child with disabilities was compared. Multilevel logistic regression, clustered at the state level and controlling for demographics and comorbidities, yielded standardized (adjusted) estimates of concurrent use of ≥3 medications and estimated variation in medication use within states that exceeded 1 and 2 SDs from the average across states.

RESULTS: Among children in foster care, 20.8% used ≥3 classes of medication concurrently, compared with 10.1% of children who were classified as having a disability. Differences grew in relationship to overall use of medications within a state; for every 5% increase in concurrent use of ≥3 medication classes by a state's population with disabilities, such use by children in a state's foster care population increased by 8.3%. Forty-three percent (22) of states were >1 SD from the adjusted mean for children who were using ≥3 medications concurrently, and 14% (7) of the states exceeded 2 SDs.

CONCLUSIONS: Among children with ASD, children in foster care were more likely to use ≥3 medications concurrently than children with disabilities. State-level differences underscore policy or programmatic differences that might affect the receipt of medications in this population.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty: a comparison between the procedure using the traditional and the new side-opening cannula for osteoporotic vertebral fracture
Authors: Figueiredo Nicandro , Barra Filipe , Moraes Laryssa , Rotta Roger , Casulari Luiz Augusto
Published: July 2009

A total of 47 percutaneous vertebroplasties (PVs) were performed for osteoporotic vertebral fractures in 31 patients, 25 PVs were performed using the frontal-opening cannula (FOC) and 22 using the new side-opening cannula (SOC), randomly distributed. The incidence of cement extrusion was 27% with the SOC, and 68% with the FOC, all asymptomatic (p<0.01). The pain control was similar for both groups, with good improvement of pain in most of the patients, and there were no clinical relevant complications. The cement leakage can be significantly reduced with this new SOC, which allows for a better cement injection toward the center of the vertebral body, increasing the safety of the procedure, with no increase in cost.
Clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of persons with traumatic paraplegia living in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Blanes Leila , Lourenço Lana , Carmagnani Maria Isabel Sampaio , Ferreira Lydia Masako
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical profile of individuals with paraplegia living in São Paulo, Brazil. METHOD: The sample consisted of 60 outpatients with traumatic paraplegia from whom clinical and demographic data were obtained. RESULTS: The patients were predominately men (86.7%), single (61.7%), with mean age of 32.9 (SD=9.47) years, and complete or incomplete primary education (63.3%). Although 41.7% were born in different states, all patients were current residents of São Paulo, Brazil. The most frequent cause of paraplegia was firearm injury (63.3%) followed by car accident (20%). The most common complications observed in the patients were urinary (88.3%) and anal (45%) incontinence, muscle spasm (65%), and pressure ulcers (26.7%). CONCLUSION: The data revealed that the sample consisted predominantly of young males with low education level, showing complications due to SCI, and who were victims of urban violence.
A kinesthetic motor imagery study in patients with writer' cramp
Authors: Tumas Vitor , Sakamoto Americo C.
Published: July 2009

The aim was to determine if patients with writer' cramp (WC) have abnormalities in kinesthetic motor imagery of hand movements. We timed the execution and simulation of a "finger tap task" and a "writing task" in 9 patients with simple WC and 9 matched healthy controls. In the "finger tap task, patients tended to be slower than controls to execute without vision (p=0.190) and to simulate the movements (p=0.094). In the "writing task", patients were slower than controls to execute writing with vision (p=0.0001) and without vision of the movements (p=0.0001) and to mentally simulate it (p=0.04). Patients were slower to execute writing than to simulate it (p=0.021) In general, there were not significant correlations between times of execution and simulation of both tasks. In conclusion, patients with WC seem to have slowing in the processes of mental simulation of hand movements that is not specific for writing.
The use of an antagonist 5-HT2a/c for depression and motor function in Parkinson' disease
Authors: Werneck Antonio Luiz dos Santos , Rosso Ana Lucia , Vincent Maurice Borges
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE: To test the ability of a 5HT2a/c (trazodone) antagonist, to improve depression and motor function in Parkinson' disease (PD). METHOD: Twenty PD patients with and without depression were randomly assigned to receive trazodone (group 1) or not (group 2). They were evaluated through UPDRS and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). RESULTS: For the UPDRS the mean score of group 2 was 33.1 ± 19.7 and 37.1 ± 18.0 at the end. For the group 1, the corresponding scores were 31.4 ± 11.3 and 25.9 ± 13.7. The variations in the Mann-Whitney test were 0.734 at the initial moment and 0.208 at the final moment. The variation in the comparison of the initial moment with the final moment was 0.005 providing statistical significance. For the HAM-D, the mean score went up 4 points in group 2, contrary to a 5.5 points decrease in group 1. CONCLUSION: Data analysis shows that this agent significantly improves depression, but the motor function improved only in the depressed patients. Because of the known anti-dopaminergic property of the 5-HT2c receptors, a possible approach for depression in PD could be the use of 5-HT2c antagonists, similarly to the use of atypical neuroleptics in case of psychotic symptoms.
Refractory craniofacial pain: is there a role of periodontal disease as a comorbidity?
Authors: Fabri Gisele Maria Campos , Siqueira Silvia R.D.T. , Simione Caio , Nasri Cibele , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Siqueira José Tadeu Tesseroli
Published: July 2009

OBJETIVE: To evaluate the influence of the periodontal disease (PD), a chronic infection, in patients with chronic craniofacial pain complaints. METHOD: Twenty patients with chronic craniofacial pain and PD (CFP group) and 20 patients with PD (PD group) were assessed before and after periodontal treatment (baseline, 30 and 180 days after treatment). The paramenters evaluated were: plaque index, bleeding index, clinical probe insertion, Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) for pain intensity and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) for the "chief complaint". RESULTS: After 180 days PD was controlled in both groups (p<0.001); the VAS decreased in CFP group (p<0.001); "chief complaint" improved (p=0.005 and p=0.027, respectively in CFP and PD group). VRS showed improvement between the groups in 30 (p=0.004) and 180 days (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest a possible influence of periodontal disease, as a comorbidity, in refractory craniofacial pain patients and in their pain levels.
The mistery of Gustave Flaubert's death: could sudden unexpected death in epilepsy be part of the context?
Authors: Albuquerque Marly de , Scorza Carla A. , Arida Ricardo M. , Cavalheiro Esper A. , Scorza Fulvio A.
Published: July 2009

Epilepsy is the most common serious neurological condition and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most important direct epilepsy-related cause of death. Information concerning risk factors for SUDEP is conflicting, but high seizure frequency is a potential risk factor. Additionally, potential pathomechanisms for SUDEP are unknown, but it is very probable that cardiac arrhythmias during and between seizures or transmission of epileptic activity to the heart via the autonomic nervous system potentially play a role. More than two decades ago, temporal lobe epilepsy was suggested as having been the ''nervous disease'' of Gustave Flaubert, one of the most important French novelists. In these lines, as the circumstances of his death were the subject of fabulous and mysterious speculations, we postulated in this paper that Falubert' death could be due SUDEP phenomenon.
Degenerative lumbar stenosis: update
Authors: Joaquim Andrei F. , Sansur Charles A. , Hamilton David K. , Shaffrey Christopher I.
Published: July 2009

We present a literature review of the diagnosis and treatment of acquired lumbar spinal stenosis (LS), with a brief description of new surgical techniques. LS is the most common cause of spinal surgery in individuals older than 65 years of age. Neurogenic claudication and radiculopathy result from compression of the cauda equina and lumbosacral nerve roots by degenerated spinal elements. Surgical decompression is a well established treatment for patients with refractory, or moderate to severe clinical symptoms. However, the variety of surgical options is vast. New techniques have been developed with the goal of increasing long term functional outcomes. In this article we review lumbar decompression and fusion as treatment options for LS but also present other recent developments. Prospective long term studies are necessary to know which procedures would result in optimal patient outcome.
Qualidade do sistema de informação do câncer do colo do útero no estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Girianelli Vania Reis , Thuler Luiz Claudio Santos , Silva Gulnar Azevedo e
Published: July 2009

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade do Sistema de Informação do Câncer do Colo do Útero (Siscolo). MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo sobre a completitude, validade e sensibilidade dos dados no Siscolo no estado do Rio de Janeiro, com base no seguimento de uma coorte de 2.024 mulheres entre 2002 e 2006. As participantes eram residentes em comunidades assistidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família nos municípios de Duque de Caxias e Nova Iguaçu (RJ). As duas bases de dados do Siscolo, referentes aos exames citopatológicos e aos exames confirmatórios (colposcopia e histopatologia), foram comparadas a dados obtidos em uma base de referência de pesquisa e prontuários médicos. O gráfico de Bland-Altman foi utilizado para analisar as variáveis contínuas. Para o relacionamento entre os bancos de dados foi utilizado o programa computacional Reclink. RESULTADOS: A completitude do sistema foi excelente para os campos "nome da mãe" e "logradouro de residência", boa para "bairro de residência" e péssima para "CEP" e "CPF". Quanto à validade, a sensibilidade do campo "data da coleta" foi de 100% para os exames confirmatórios e de 70,3% para os exames citopatológicos. Já para o campo "resultados dos exames", a sensibilidade foi de 100% em ambos os exames. A sensibilidade do sistema em identificar os exames citopatológicos foi de 77,4% (IC 95%: 75,0;80,0), enquanto para os exames confirmatórios (colposcopia e histopatologia) foi de 4,0% (IC 95%: 0,0;21,3). CONCLUSÕES: Os dados do Siscolo foram considerados de boa qualidade, em particular para os campos relacionados aos exames citopatológicos. O uso dos dados de colposcopia e histopatologia não foi satisfatório devido ao seu escasso registro no sistema.
Influência do aumento do acesso à atenção básica no comportamento da taxa de detecção de hanseníase de 1980 a 2006
Authors: Penna Maria Lucia Fernandes , Oliveira Maria Leide W. , Carmo Eduardo Hage , Penna Gerson Oliveira , Temporão José Gomes
Published: July 2009

A taxa de detecção da hanseníase no Brasil aumentou nas duas últimas décadas do século XX, sendo que a reforma sanitária ocorreu no mesmo período. A taxa de detecção é função da incidência real de casos e da agilidade diagnóstica do sistema de saúde. Utilizou-se a cobertura vacinal por BCG como uma variável procuradora do acesso à atenção primária em saúde. Uma regressão log-normal foi ajustada à taxa de detecção de 1980 a 2006, com o tempo, tempo ao quadrado e da cobertura do BCG como variáveis independentes, sendo positivo o coeficiente de regressão desta última variável, sugerindo que o comportamento da taxa de detecção da hanseníase refletiu a melhora de acesso à atenção primária no período estudado. A tendência de aumento da taxa de detecção se reverte em 2003, indicando o início de uma nova fase no controle da hanseníase.
Comportamento dos testes sorológicos ML Flow e ELISA (PGL-I) em áreas endêmica e não endêmica de hanseníase
Authors: Silva Rozana Castorina da , Lyon Sandra , Araos Rafael , Lyon Ana Cláudia , Grossi Maria Aparecida de Faria , Lyon Sílvia Helena , Penido Rachel Adriana , Bührer-Sékula Samira , Antunes Carlos Maurício de Figueiredo
Published: July 2009

O ML Flow e o ELISA PGL-I são testes sorológicos que detectam anticorpos IgM contra o glicolipídio fenólico I específico do Mycobacterium leprae. Para avaliar o comportamento destes testes em áreas endêmica e não endêmica para hanseníase foram estudados 351 voluntários no Brasil e no Chile, incluindo pacientes com hanseníase, controles sadios, portadores de outras doenças infecciosas, não infecciosas e dermatoses que fazem diagnóstico diferencial com hanseníase. O ponto de corte do ELISA foi estabelecido pelo método da Curva ROC (> 0,157). Em área endêmica, o ML Flow apresentou resultados positivos em 70% dos pacientes com hanseníase; o ELISA foi positivo em 53,3%. Em área não endêmica, o ML Flow foi negativo em todos os voluntários testados; o ELISA foi positivo em 4 voluntários. O ML Flow é um ensaio mais rápido, facilmente aplicável e, portanto, mais adequado para ser utilizado na Atenção Básica; o ELISA necessita, alem de uma infra-estrutura de laboratório adequada, pessoal treinado e especializado em sua execução.
Pesquisa de anticorpos anti PGL-I através de ELISA em tatus selvagens do Brasil
Authors: Deps Patrícia D. , Antunes João Marcelo A.P. , Faria Carlos , Bührer-Sékula Samira , Camargo Zoilo P. , Opromola Diltor V. , Tomimori Jane
Published: July 2009

Tatus têm sido envolvidos na transmissão da hanseníase e considerados como fonte de Mycobacterium leprae em muitas publicações. Médicos de partes dos EUA consideram o contato com tatus um fator de risco para hanseníase. Entretanto, há um desafio associado ao papel do tatu na perpetuação da hanseníase no Continente Americano. Foi pesquisada a presença de anticorpos anti-PGL-I em tatus selvagens de áreas endêmicas em hanseníase do Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil, através de ELISA realizado em amostras de soro de 47 animais. Elisa positivo foi encontrado em 5 (10.6%) tatus. Tatus infectados podem ter algum papel na transmissão da hanseníase disseminando bacilos no meio ambiente, talvez tornando mais difícil a interrupção da cadeia de transmissão e redução do número de casos novos de hanseníase. A técnica de ELISA é um eficiente método para investigação soroepidemiológica da presença do Mycobacterium leprae em tatus.
Morbidade da esquistossomose mansoni no Brasil: II - Estudo em quatro áreas de campo nos Estados de Minas Gerais, Sergipe e Paraíba
Authors: Coura J. Rodrigues , Conceição Maria José , Menezes Antonio Paulo de , Santos Mozart Lima dos , Mendonça Maria Zélia Goes de
Published: July 2009

Os autores fazem um estudo comparativo sobre a morbidade da esquistossomose mansoni em 4 áreas de campo no Brasil, duas na região Sudeste (Capitão Andrade, município de Inhomi e Padre Paraíso, ambas no Estado de Minas Gerais) e duas outras na região nordeste (Riachuelo, no Estado de Sergipe e Alhandra, no Estado da Paraíba). A população total estudada nas 4 áreas foi de 4.870 pessoas, das quais 1.369 em Capitão Andrade (área 1), 850 em Riachuelo (área 2), 1.736 em Padre Paraíso (área 3) e 915 em alhandra (área 4). Na área 1, com uma população de 1.480 habitantes, foi tentado um estudo de toda a pupulação. Nas áreas 2, 3 e 4, devido ao grande número de habitantes, foi estudada uma amostra sistemática por conglomerado de aproximadamente 25% da população (grupamento familiar de uma em cada 4 residências). O estudo constou e uma avaliação das condições econômicas e sanitárias da população, do seu contacto com os focos locais de transmissão da esquistossomose, dos índices e intensidade da infecção pelo S. mansoni e das relações da carga parasitária com as diversas formas clínicas da doença em diferentes grupos etários. Paralelamente, foi feito um estudo dos hospedeiros intermediários de cada área e dos seus índices de infecção com cercárias de S. mansoni. Demonstrou-se uma prevalência de 60,8, 50,5, 63,1 e 46,6% de infecção ativa pelo S. mansoni para as áreas 1, 2, 3 e 4, com a mediana de eliminação de ovos de 207, 77,6, 391 e 211 respectivamente. Verificou-se, ainda, nas áreas da região Sudeste um aumento mais tardio dos parâmetros mencionados. Outras correlações com grupos etários, sexo, cor dos pacientes, bem como os índices de infecção dos planorbídeos com a forma clínica da doença foram feitas.
Efeito da dieta láctea na supressão da parasitemia e no desenvolvimento da imunidade humoral durante o curso da infecção malárica em camundongos
Authors: Ferraroni José J.
Published: July 2009

Estudou-se o efeito da dieta láctea, por um período de 150 dias em camundongos infectados com diferentes números das formas sangüíneas de Plasmodium berghei, e observou-se o desenvolvimento da imunidade humoral nestes animais pela dosagem das imunoglobulinas das classes IgG e IgM no soro, usando o teste de imunofluorescência indireta. Os resultados indicam que a administração do leite, como único alimento em camundongos, protege-os cotnra infecção malárica fatal, independentemente do número de parasitas inoculados. Os animais desenvolveram altos níveis de anticorpos IgG, os quais persistiram no soro por longo período de tempo. Contudo, os anticorpos IgM somente foram detectáveis no soro durante as primeiras duas semanas de infecção. O P. berghei continua presente na circulação periférica, após dois meses de infecção, uma vez que o sangue destes animasi inoculados em camundongos mantidos em dieta norma, produziu infecção fatal nos recipientes. No entanto, ao exame microscópico não foi possível detectar o parasita da malária no sangue periférico destes animais. O protozoário esteve presente no baço e fígado dos camundongos durante todo o tempo de duração da pesquisa. A presença contínua do P. berghei nestes animais, em nível de infecção subclínica, ofereceu ao hospedeiro o desenvolvimento de uma imunidade sólida contra subseqüente infecção. Esta imunidade adquirida esteve presente, nestes animais, até cinco meses após a infecção.
Host factors influencing outcome of Leishmania mexicana infection in mice
Authors: Moriearty Pamela Lane , Grimaldi Junior Gabriel
Published: July 2009

Studies were undertaken to determine the influence of several host-related parameters on the course of Leishmania mexicana mexicana infection in inbred C57B1/10 (C57) and outbred albino (OA) mice. An important influence of the following variables was demonstrated: Host strain: lesions in C57s were significantly less variable in size and outcome than those of OAs under the conditions studied and even when persistent developed at a slower rate. Host age: Subcutanous injection of 2 x 10 [raised to the power of 4] to 2 x 10 [raised to the power of 6] amastigotes into the dorsum of the rear paw produced significantly larger lesions which healed more slowly in 2 mo. old C57s than in 4 mo. old mice. Reduced healing ability was observed in older (8 mo. old) female C57s, and low mortality occurred after 15 months of age in infected mice of both sexes. Lesion site: Following amastigote infection, lesions in paws of most C57s regress within 15 - 25 wks. In contrast, perinasal legions produced with the same number of parasites tend to persist for the life of the animal as slowly spreading irregular nodules. In animals infected in both locations, each lesion site behaves similarly to that in singly infected animals of the same age, i.e. regression in the two sites is independent. Our results indicate that while host strain may strongly influence infection outcoem, such variables as lesion site and host age play important roles and may explain, in part, reported inter- and intraexperimental variability in responses of murine hosts to a given leishmanial parasite.
Alterações morfológicas provocadas pela aplicação de um análogo de hormônio juvenil em Dysdercus ruficollis (Linnaeus, 1764) (Hemiptera, Pyrrhocoridae, Pyrrhocorinae)
Authors: Jurberg José , Gonçalves Teresa Cristina M. , Almeida Suely B. de , Almeida Josimar R. de
Published: July 2009

Dysdercus ruficollis [Linnaeus, 1764), vulgarmente conhecidos como "percevejos manchadores do algodão", foram tratados no início do 5º estádio ninfal com um análogo do hormônio juvenil (N(5-cloro-2-metilfenil)-3,7-dimetil-2,6-octadienilamina), através da aplicação tópica na base das asas. Após a muda os insetos apresentaram aspecto ressecado, alterações morfológicas externas bastante acentuadas na cabeça, tórax, patas, asas e abdômen, dificultando suas atividades normais. Entretanto, a genitália externa de ambos os sextos mostrou-se inalterada. A aplicação da substância foi capaz de alterar e interromper o ciclo biológico destes insetos.
On Notochaeta (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) with descriptions of five new species
Authors: Lopes H. de Souza
Published: July 2009

Nine species of Notochaeta, five of them proposed as new species (napoensis, flavipes, hixtlaensis, affinis and setifrons) were described and figured. Mostly of the species were obtained from the Amazon Region of Peru and Ecuador; one species was collected in Mexioc and the paratype of N. panamensis Dodge was redescribed. The typical material belongs to the collection of the Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa and "Museu Nacional", Rio de Janeiro.
Acquired resistance of mice against S. mansoni and lung granulomatous reaction induced by BCG
Authors: Tendler M. , Pinto R. Magalhães , Bambirra E. A. , Cruz M. Queiroz , Lima A. Oliveira
Published: July 2009

Studies carried out in Sw outbred mice showed that there is no correlation between the degree of lung granulomatous reaction and the level of acquired resistance against S. mansoni infection induced by BCG.
Studies on Trypanosoma rangeli Tejera, 1920: V - Developmental pattern in the alimentary canal of Rhodnius prolixus
Authors: Añez N.
Published: July 2009

The morphological sequence of Trypanosoma rangeli development in the alimentary canal of Rhodnius prolixus, is described, with observation made in dissected guts from 6 hours to 45 days post-infection. No metacyclic-forms are produced in the digestive tract at any time, and transmission by the contaminative route must be considered atypical. Amastigotes appear to be an essential stage in the development of T. rangeli in the gut of R. prolixus. The epidemiological importance of the developmental pattern of T. rangeli in the vector´s gut is discussed, and its usefulness for aging infection is considered.
Nota sobre Lutzomyia (Trichopygomyia) Dasypodogeton (Castro, 1939), com a redescrição do macho e da fêmea (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae)
Authors: Martins A. Vianna , Falcão Alda Lima , Silva João Evangelista da , Miranda Filho Rui
Published: July 2009

Os autores, após transcreverem a descrição original da Lutzomyia (Trichopygomyia) dasypodogeton (Castro, 1939), inicialmente publicada de maneira muito resumida em jornal não científico, redescrevem, de acordo com as normas atualmente adotadas, ambos os sexos dessa espécie, inclusive com desenhos dos elementos taxonomicamente importantes. É, também, dada uma chave para a identificação das espécies do subgênero trichopygomyia Barreto, 1952.
Progrillotia dollfusi sp. n. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) parasito de pescada do litoral brasileiro
Authors: Carvajal Juan , Rego A. Arandas
Published: July 2009

É descrita uma nova espécie de Trypanorhyncha, Progrillotia dollfusi sp. n., de pescadas do gênero Cynoscion (Sciaenidae). Os peixes mostraram-se intensamente parasitados. As características principais desta espécie são os dois botrídios, a armadura tipo pecilacanto dos ganchos e a armadura basal da probóscide.
Presence of Psychodopygus wellcomei (Diptera: Psychodidae), a proven vector of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis, in Ceara State
Authors: Ready P. D. , Ribeiro A. L. , Lainson R. , Alencar J. E. de , Shaw J. J.
Published: July 2009

Psychodopygus wellcomei, a proven vector of (muco-)cutaneous leishmaniasis, has been found for the first time outside of the Amazon Basin, in Ceará State. Parasitological and entomological evidence suggests that the Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis/Ps. wellcomei zoonosis is widespread on the Brazilian Shield.
An atypical rotavirus detected in a child with gastroenteritis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Pereira H. G. , Leite J. P. G. , Azeredto R. S. , Farias Vivian de , Sutmoller Frits
Published: July 2009

Particles morphologically identical to rotaviruses were found in the faeces of a nine week-old child with gastroenteritis. Analysis of the viral RNA genome by polyacrylamine gel electrophoresis revealed 10 bands (probably 11 segments) some of wich differed in migration rate from those of the great majority of rotaviruses infecting man and other animal hosts. The virus was not detected by a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and therefore probably lacked the crossreactive antigen(s) shared by the majority rotaviruses. This was the only strain with such behaviour among 230 rotaviruses of human origin examined in this laboratory since 1979. The implications of the existence of non-crossreactive rotaviruses are discussed.