bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introspeksi Masa Lalu Terfragmentasi dan Narasi Bermoda Percakapan dalam Yang Sudah Hilang oleh Pramoedya Ananta Toer
Authors: Muwaffaq Thafhan
Published: November 2019

Abstrak - Meskipun Pramoedya Ananta Toer telah dianggap penulis fiksi prominen di lingkup kesusastraan, ternyata salah satu karyanya yang berprestasi (Cerita dari Blora) belum mendapat sorotan telaah sastra. Makalah ini mengambil satu judul cerpen dari antologi itu secara spesifik yaitu Yang sudah Hilang. Pertanyaaan yang dilontarkan di sini adalah bagaimana pembahasaan teks cerpen tersebut membangun representasi adegan referen atau model situasi. Prosesi teks semiotika kognitif digunakan di sini, khususnya prinsip moda kesadaran Chafe, untuk menghasilkan interpretasi yang memperhitungkan objektivitas dalam proses inferensial berbasis pengalaman pemaknaan. Sehubungan dengan hal itu saya berargumen pembahasaan dalam teks menghasilkan model situasi simulasi pengenangan masa lalu terfragmentasi secara introspektif dalam moda percakapan. Masa lalu yang dikenang terfragmentasi dan menghasilkan ironi dramatik. Model situasi tersebut kelihatannya lebih menampilkan elegansi Pram sebagai penulis yang bermain bahasa dan makna, ketimbang fenomena kontekstual yang terlalu lekat dengan subjektivitas.

Kata Kunci - Prosesi Teks Semiotika Kognitif, Model Situasi, Moda Kesadaran, Ironi Dramatic

Abstract - Despite the popularity of Pramoedya Ananta Toer as a promninent and controversial Indonesian literary figure, his prestigious short story anthology entitled Cerita dari Blora seems rather poorly understudied. By far, the existing literary criticism on this work provides highly contextual and subjective interpretation. This paper then is aimed to reading closely Yang Sudah Hilang, one of short story from the anthology. Question raised here is how does language of the text build representation of referent scene or situation model. This study uses cognitive semiotics text processing, an approach that takes account objective evidence and experientially-based inference. Conscious mode principle, proposed by Chafe (1994), is employed as theoretical perspective in drawing interpretation. It is argued that language in the text built a situation model wherein protagonist is simultaneously memorizing her loss and telling to readers her fragmented past in conversational mode. Moreover, despite her introspection the protagonist does not seem aware what brings her to the present moment where she is already losing important people of her life. In general, the situation model argued may be offered as a standard interpretation of Yang sudah Hilang which is far from subjectivity and derived from meaning experience triggered by language.

Keywords - Cognitive Semiotics Text Processing, Situation Model, Conscious Mode, Dramatic Irony
WORK LOAD CONNECTION WITH WORKING STRESS WORK IN CENTRAL SURGICAL INSTALLATION
Authors: Morika Honesty Diana
Published: November 2019

Stres pada perawat dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, diantaranya adalah beban kerja. Beban kerja perawat di rumah sakit meliputi beban kerja fisik dan mental. Menurut hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia (2006) terdapat 50,9% perawat mengalami stress kerja. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan beban kerja dengan stress kerja perawat pelaksana di Instalasi Bedah Sentral Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. M. Djamil Padang tahun 2017.Jenis penelitian analitik dengan desain Cross Sectional Study yang telah dilaksanakan di Instalasi Bedah Sentral RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Populasi penelitian adalah semua perawat pelaksana yang bertugas di Instalasi Bedah Sentral RSUP Dr.M. Djamil Padang yang berjumlah 34 orangdengan sampel 34 orang. Analisa data dilakukan secara analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square.Hasil penelitian  lebih dari separoh (61,8%) responden mengalami stress pada Perawat Pelaksana. Lebih dari separoh (58,8%) responden memiliki beban kerja yang berat terhadap stress kerja pada Perawat Pelaksana. Ada hubungan bermakna beban kerja dengan stress kerja Perawat Pelaksana di Instalasi Bedah Sentral. Kesimpulannya adalah ada hubungan yang bermakna antara beban kerja dengan stres kerja Perawat Pelaksana di Instalasi Bedah Sentral RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang maka diharapkan pihak rumah sakit untuk perlu lebih memperhatikan kesejahteraan perawat dengan beban kerja dan resiko kerja lebih tinggi dengan harapan agar beban kerja yang dirasakan tidak terlalu berat sehingga tidak menimbulkan stres kerja pada Perawat Pelaksana di Instalasi Bedah Sentral RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang.
EFEKTIFITAS KOMPRES EKSTRAK JAHE TERHADAP NYERI SENDI LANSIA DENGAN ARTHRITIS GOUT DI PANTI SOSIAL TRESNA WERDA KHUSNUL KHOTIMAH PEKANBARU
Authors: Anggraini Silvia Nora , Yanti Novry Fitri
Published: November 2019

Gout merupakan penyakit dimana terjadi penumpukan asam urat dalam tubuh secara berlebihan. Gout ditandai dengan (peradangan sendi) yang akut. Sebagian besar dari lansia mengalami gangguan sistem muskuloskletal, yang menyebabkan nyeri sendi. Pengobatan farmakologis tindakan pemberian obat sebagai penurunan nyeri  seperti pemberian obat anti inflamasi dan memiliki efek seperti mual, diare, perdarahan tukak, kerusakan pada ginjal, dan gangguan kardiovaskuler. Pengobatan non farmakologis adalah tindakan dalam batas keperawatan yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan nyeri sendi pada lansia Adapun Pengobatan non farmakologis seperti mengompres bagian sendi. Jahe adalah obat yang menjadi pilihan utama untuk menurunkan nyeri sendi pada lansia dengan (Artritis Gout) karena selain tidak memiliki efek samping bagi kesehatan, obat ini juga mudah dikonsumsi, mudah terjangkau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas kompres ekstrak  jahe terhadap penurunan nyeri sendi pada lansia di panti sosial tresna werdha khusnul khotimah pekanbaru riau. Jenis penelitian ini adsalah kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian pre eksperimental design. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara total sampling, sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 39 responden, intervensi  diberikan dalam 1 kali intervensi selama 3 hari dengan 13 responden setiap harinya. Evaluasi dengan cara melihat penurunan nyeri sendi dengan menggunakan skala nyeri. Hasil uji Marginal Homogenelty didapatkan adanya efektifitas kompres ekstrak jahe terhadap penurunan nyeri sendi lanjut usia dengan rata-rata sebelum diberikan kompres ekstrak jahe adalah 6,83 dengan standar deviasi 1,298 dan sesudah diberikan kompres ekstrak jahe adalah 4,11 dengan standar deviasi 1,410, p value 0,000 secara statistik signitifkan (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi pertimbangan perawat yang ada dirumah sakit maupun di komunitas dalam penurunan nyeri sendi pada lansia.
PENGARUH DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP SIKAP KEPALA KELUARGA TENTANG PENYAKIT FILARIASIS DI RW 02 KAMPUNG DUSUN PUSAKA KECAMATAN PUSAKO KABUPATEN SIAK
Authors: Yanti Rifa , Mayenti Fitra
Published: November 2019

Latar Belakang : Filariasis salah satu jenis penyakit yang mendapat perhatian khusus di dunia kesehatan, lebih dari 1(satu) miliar penduduk dunia memiliki risiko menderita filariasis dan lebih dari 120 juta orang dari 80 negara telah terinfeksi filariasis. WHO (World Health Organization) mencanangkan kesepakatan global untuk memberantas penyakit filariasis dengan The Global Goal of Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis as Public Health Problem by the Year 2020       (WHO, 2010). Pada tahun 2003, penyakit filariasis di Indonesia dilaporkan sebanyak 6.571 kasus. Pada tahun 2007 dijumpai 11.473 kasus dan pada tahun 2008 terdapat 11.699 kasus kemudian meningkat menjadi 11.914 kasus pada tahun 2009. Hampir ribuan desa di 26 provinsi di Indonesia dinyatakan endemis. (Kemenkes  RI,  2010). Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh dukungan keluarga dengan sikap kepala keluarga tentang penyakit filariasis di RW 02 Kampung Dusun Pusaka Kecamatan Pusako Kabupaten Siak. Metode penelitian kuantitatif observational dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan angket dan dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian didapatkan dari 116 repsonden, 62.1% dukungan keluarga baik dan 37.9% dukungan keluarga kurang baik, dan sikap kepala keluarga 60,3% positif dan 39,7%  sikap responden negatif. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara dukungan keluarga terhadap sikap kepala keluarga tentang penyakit filariasis (p.Value = 0,00). Diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan agar lebih aktif menggiatkan serta memberikan penyuluhan tentang penyakit filariasis khususnya di RW 02.
Hadits-Hadits Rajam Dalam Shahihain
Authors: Muzakki Muhammad Asgar
Published: November 2019

Persoalan hukum rajam dalam dunia Islam masih belum sepenuhnya diterima oleh para pegiat HAM –baik orientalis, bahkan di kalangan cendekiawan muslim sendiri. Hukuman rajam dianggap sebagai warisan budaya prmiordialis yang sudah tidak relevan lagi dan harus ditiadakan karena banyaknya metode hukuman persuasif modern yang lebih ‘manusiawi’. Tulisan ini berusaha mengkaji penerapan hukum yang dianggap tabu tersebut pada masa Rasulullah SAW dengan pendekatan hadis perspektif sosio-historis (asbab al-wurud) dan psiko-analisis. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kejam dan brutalnya penerapan had rajam adalah asumsi sepihak sebagian orang yang tidak secara utuh membaca sejarah diberlakukannya hukum tersebut, yang pada kenyataannya penuh kehati-hatian dan masih terbuka jalan keselamatan bagi pelaku (salvation). Apabila tegaknya jinayat adalah bagian dari cita-cita kaum muslimin, barangkali langkah pertama yang harus ditempuh adalah menjelaskan dan ‘memasarkan’ hukum-hukum tersebut semenarik mungkin, hingga ia tak lagi jadi sebuah momok yang menakutkan. Dan jika jinayat tidak kunjung menjadi sebuah keniscayaan, khususnya di Indonesia, maka seyogyanya berpegang dengan firman Allah SWT, la yukallifullahu nafsan illa wus’aha.
Telaah Fenomenologis Patrimonialisme Budaya Politik Terhadap Konflik Sunnî-Shî‘ah Madura
Authors: Jatim Jatim
Published: November 2019

The article attempts to discover the violence conflict between the Sunnî and the Shî‘ah Muslim communities in Karang Gayam and Blu’uran, Sampang, Madura. The conflict between the two communities has occurred since 2005 to 2013, and has escalated from one event to another. The conflict has caused the expulsion of Shî‘ah people out of Madura island to the refugee’s flats of Puspa Agro Sidoarjo on June 20, 2013. Based on the evidences found, the research is intended to study the phenomenon using phenomenological and patrimonial-political-cultural approa-ches. The study finds that the conflict itself has been caused by a set of hatred discourses and accusation of being heretic, which have been intensely propagated by the local religious elites, i.e. kiai against the Shî‘ah community led by Tajul Muluk. Moreover, the conflict escalation was, among other, due mainly to the strength of patronage relations of the kiais to infiltrate their hegemony and produce the mass to commit violent actions. Incongruously, the power of patronage has been also benefited by the government and many political elites to maintain their political electability and votes. As a result, the government seems to be reluctant to show a firm attitude by enforcing the existing rules to deal with the issue.
Dua Mazhab Emanasi dalam Filsafat Islam Klasik dan Implikasi Teologisnya
Authors: Ali Ibnu
Published: November 2019

Islamic philosophy, which has been an accumulation of relation between pure logic and religious texts (naql), has a uniquely different features from the philosophy of Aristotle. This is because the Islamic philosophy has met not only with the pre-Islamic sciences but it also has thoroughly interacted with various branches of the Islamic knowledge such as theology, taṣawwuf, uṣûl al-fiqh, and târîkh al-tashrîʻ. The interaction has resulted in numerous different thoughts within the Islamic philosophy itself as can be identified among the peripatetic Islamic philosophers. The article is intended to describe that in discussing cosmological matter, the majority of these philosophers put emphasis on Plotinus’s concept of emanation. However, the concept has led to distinctively diverse schools of philosophy in Islam. The study finds that the philoso-phers with strong background of scientific disciplines produced considerably different thought of emanation from those with strong background of Islamic knowledge. The first school consists of scientists-philosophers affiliated to the thought of Pythagoras, Plato, and Aristotle though with new concepts they proposed. The second school comprises Sufi-philosophers whose concepts have been strongly influenced by intuition though there have been conceptual differences based on their spiritual experiences.
Lingkungan Bahasa Arab di Pemondokan Santri Mahasiswa Pondok Pesantren Mambaus Sholihin
Authors: Makinuddin Mohammad
Published: November 2019

There have been a number of factors shaping and deter-mining the success of learning and mastering foreign langua-ges, including Arabic language. Along with learning activities to achieve excellent ability in comprehending Arabic language, language environment becomes another most essential factor. The existence of Arabic environment (bî’ah lughawîyah ʻArabîyah) beco-mes an exceptionally pivotal because it brings about what so-called “contextual learning activity” around the students. The article discusses the case of Mambaus Sholihin Islamic Boarding School which develops such language environment. The study shows that this Islamic educational institution has faced, however, several problems regarding inconsistent implementation of the language environment even though there have been numerous language instructors graduated from a number of universities in the Middle East and Indonesia as well as Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. Specifically, these are a number of problems as regards to the issue: 1) there has been no such an organizing team; 2) the students have no self-confidence to practice Arabic; 3) the human resources engaging in the implementation of the Arabic environ-ment have less motivation to earnestly run it; 4) bad influence of senior students to the new students; and 5) there has been no strong awareness to use Arabic for daily communication.
Keefektifan Mobile Learning Media Bermuatan Ethnoscience terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Wijayanti Dian Marta , Ahmadi Farid , Sarwi S
Published: November 2019

Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 dan Society 5.0 mengharuskan pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar harus menyesuaikan zaman. Salah satu bentuknya dengan mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis digital. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengukur keefektifan mobile learning media bermuatan ethnoscience terhadap hasil belajar siswa sekolah dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan uji t-test. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai thitung > ttabel (ttable = 2,045) dan signifikansi < 0,05. Karena 7.718 > 2,045 dan 0,001 < 0,05, maka hipotesis  diterima yang berarti bahwa nilai kelas eksperimen lebih baik daripada nilai kelas kontrol. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Mobile Learning Media bermuatan Ethnoscience efektif untuk digunakan di sekolah dasar.
The Role Of Motion Games On The Development Of Children With Special Needs In The Primary Cycle
Authors: Constantin Iuliana-Luminita , Chirazi Marin
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this research is to highlight the role of the games of movement on the development and social integration of children with special educational requirements from the primary cycle, studying the theme in the literature. According to statistics in the field over the last years, there has been an increase in the number of children with special needs in regular schools. Thus, children who a few years ago would have been included in a special school, today have facilities at a regular school, along with children with typical development and have a similar curriculum to follow [7]. This is why motion games are a method, an important opportunity to integrate children with special requirements in a collective, because through them children cooperate (working in groups or pairs) making new friends, no longer feeling rejected, communication becomes easier, collaborates to achieve the goal of the game, support each other, become more responsible by observing the rules of the game and accept each other as they are. The game develops the ability to adapt easily to new situations, increases effort capacity, teaches children to be careful and develops their confidence. Due to the fact that movement games are performed more in group, they provide socialization, but they must be adapted according to the child's deficiency. Conclusion: We have found that motion games are an effective way to integrate children with special educational needs into a collective, because through them children make new friends easier, they are accepted in collectivity, communication becomes easier, they support and understand each other and most importantly accepted as they are. Through the game children feel free to act.
Long-term effects of Zoledronic acid on alveolar bone remodeling and quality in the jaw of an oncological rat model
Authors: Imada Thaís Sumie Nozu , Van Dessel Jeroen , Rubira-Bullen Izabel Regina Fisher , da Silva Santos Paulo Sérgio , Zen Filho Edson Virgílio , Depypere Maarten , Zapata Ronald Ordinola , Hungáro Duarte Marco Antonio , Maes Frederik , Reinhilde Jacobs
Published: November 2019

Despite great interest in bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), the underlying pathology remains a matter of debate. In most
reports, the etiology of ONJ seems to be ascribed to bisphosphonate-related over suppression of bone remodeling. While suppression of bone
remodeling is indeed the prime action mechanism of bisphosphonates, the destructive ONJ effects at the level of the jaw bone are ignored or
minimalized when prescribing these drugs. The present study therefore investigated the long-term effects of oncological Zoledronic Acid (ZA)
doses on the three factors which may comprise jaw bone:(1) bone quantity, (2) bone structure and (3) bone mineral density (BMD). Twentyfour, healthy, Wistar rats were randomly divided in an experimental group (n = 12) receiving 0.6 mg/kg body weight/month ZA and a control
group (n = 12) receiving an equal volume of saline for 5 consecutive months. The ZA doses were equivalent to the doses given to oncologic
patients. After animal sacrifice, their mandibles were ex vivo scanned using 1174 micro-CT (Bruker) and the obtained scans were spatially
aligned. One mean volume of interest containing only trabecular bone below the apex of the molars was selected, in which 3D quantitative
morphometry and BMD were calculated using CT-Analyser (Bruker). Structural-related parameters showed significantly (P < 0.001) increased
osteoslerotic characteristics of the alveolar bone (↑ Tb.Pf; ↓ Tb.Sp; ↓Tb.N; ↓ SMI; ↓ Conn.Dn) in ZA-treated rats as compared to the controls.
These findings were confirmed by a significantly (P < 0.001) increased bone quantity (↑ BV/TV; ↑ Tb.Th; ↓ BS/TV; ↓ Po[tot]). Finally, the alveolar
bone displayed a significantly (P < 0.001) higher BMD after prolonged ZA therapy. These results are strongly supportive for bisphosphonateinduced oversuppression of alveolar bone remodeling. The bone becomes more sclerotic leading to less vascularization and an ONJ prone jaw
Epidemiological risk factors for periodontal pockets and clinical attachment loss among Greek adults
Authors: Chrysanthakopoulos Nikolaos Andreas
Published: November 2019

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify variables related to deep periodontal pockets and clinical attachment loss.
Materials and methods: The study population consisted of 575 Greek adults, 259 males and 316 females aged 35 to 69 years who referred in
a private practice for periodontal treatment. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire which included several epidemiological
variables and underwent an oral clinical examination. The analyses performed by multinomial logistic regression model to estimate the possible
associations among the variables examined.
Results: 31.3% of the participants showed a mean probing pocket depth of >6.00 mm, and 67.1% showed a mean clinical attachment loss of ≥5.0
mm. Male gender, lower socio-economic status, smoking; irregular dental follow-up and a diabetes mellitus history were consistent statistically
significant potential risk factors for probing pocket depth of ≥4.00 mm and clinical attachment loss of ≥3.00 mm.
Conclusion: These results confirm previous findings regarding the principal role of cigarette smoking and various epidemiological variables in the
etiology of deep periodontal pockets and periodontal loss of attachment.
The perspectives of Traditional Medicine and Integrative Medicine for Oral Healthcare
Authors: Hsu Ching-Yi
Published: November 2019

Greeting from Taiwan. Sincerely appreciate Founding Editor-in-Chief, Prof. Junichi Asaumi to give me a chance to share the perspectives
of Traditional Medicine and Integrative medicine for clinical dental healthcare as a pharmacist. In the beginning, it needs to proclaim that the
incentive of this essay is aim to encourage interdisciplinary communications from interprofessional insights for much better dental healthcare all
around the world. Furthermore, it won’t only limit in general medicine or family medicine for general healthcare. In fact, regular dental check
and diagnosis recording would be great valuable tracer for diseases prevention. If there is something could be led much better perfection for oral
healthcare, please feel free to email to me for further discussion. We would feel appreciated to work with you anyhow for the promising future.
The Possible Astrometric Signature of a Planetary-mass Companion to the Nearby Young Star TW Piscis Austrini (Fomalhaut B): Constraints from Astrometry, Radial Velocities, and Direct Imaging
Authors: De Rosa Robert J. , Esposito Thomas M. , Hirsch Lea A. , Nielsen Eric L. , Marley Mark S. , Kalas Paul , Wang Jason J. , Macintosh Bruce
Published: November 2019

We present constraints on the presence of substellar companions to the nearby (d ∼ 7.6 pc) young (440 ± 40 Myr) K4Ve star TW Piscis Austrini, the wide (∼0.3 pc) companion to the A4V star Fomalhaut. We combined absolute astrometry from Hipparcos and Gaia with literature radial velocity measurements and dedicated high-contrast imaging observations obtained with Keck/NIRC2 to achieve sensitivity to brown dwarf and planetary-mass companions (≳2 M
Jup) over many decades of orbital period (≲103 yr). The significant astrometric acceleration measured between the Hipparcos and Gaia catalogs, reported previously in the literature, cannot be explained by the orbital motion of TW PsA around the barycenter of the Fomalhaut triple system. Instead, we find that it is consistent with the reflex motion induced by an orbiting substellar companion. The combination of astrometry, radial velocities, and a deep L′ imaging data set leads to a constraint on the companion mass of

M
Jup. However, the period of the companion is poorly constrained, with a highly multimodal period posterior distribution due to aliasing with the 24.25 yr baseline between Hipparcos and Gaia. If confirmed through continued astrometric or spectroscopic monitoring or via direct detection, the companion to TW PsA would represent a choice target for detailed atmospheric characterization with high-contrast instruments on the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope and Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope.
Detection of a Low-mass Stellar Companion to the Accelerating A2IV Star HR 1645
Authors: De Rosa Robert J. , Nielsen Eric L. , Rameau Julien , Duchêne Gaspard , Greenbaum Alexandra Z. , Wang Jason J. , Ammons S. Mark , Bailey Vanessa P. , Barman Travis , Bulger Joanna , Chilcote Jeffrey , Cotten Tara , Doyon Rene , Esposito Thomas M. , Fitzgerald Michael P. , Follette Katherine B. , Gerard Benjamin L. , Goodsell Stephen J. , Graham James R. , Hibon Pascale , Hom Justin , Hung Li-Wei , Ingraham Patrick , Kalas Paul , Konopacky Quinn , Larkin James E. , Macintosh Bruce , Maire Jérôme , Marchis Franck , Marley Mark S. , Marois Christian , Metchev Stanimir , Millar-Blanchaer Maxwell A. , Oppenheimer Rebecca , Palmer David , Patience Jennifer , Perrin Marshall , Poyneer Lisa , Pueyo Laurent , Rajan Abhijith , Rantakyrö Fredrik T. , Ren Bin , Ruffio Jean-Baptiste , Savransky Dmitry , Schneider Adam C. , Sivaramakrishnan Anand , Song Inseok , Soummer Remi , Tallis Melisa , Thomas Sandrine , Wallace J. Kent , Ward-Duong Kimberly , Wiktorowicz Sloane , Wolff Schuyler
Published: November 2019

The ∼500 Myr A2IV star HR 1645 has one of the most significant low-amplitude accelerations of nearby early-type stars measured from a comparison of the Hipparcos and Gaia astrometric catalogs. This signal is consistent with either a stellar companion with a moderate mass ratio (q ∼ 0.5) on a short period (P < 1 yr), or a substellar companion at a separation wide enough to be resolved with ground-based high-contrast imaging instruments; long-period equal-mass ratio stellar companions that are also consistent with the measured acceleration are excluded with previous imaging observations. The small but significant amplitude of the acceleration made HR 1645 a promising candidate for targeted searches for brown dwarf and planetary-mass companions around nearby, young stars. In this paper we explore the origin of the astrometric acceleration by modeling the signal induced by a wide-orbit M8 companion discovered with the Gemini Planet Imager, as well as the effects of an inner short-period spectroscopic companion discovered a century ago but not since followed up. We present the first constraints on the orbit of the inner companion, and demonstrate that it is a plausible cause of the astrometric acceleration. This result demonstrates the importance of vetting of targets with measured astrometric acceleration for short-period stellar companions prior to conducting targeted direct imaging surveys for wide-orbit substellar companions.
Electron Densities and Nitrogen Abundances in Ionized Gas Derived Using [N ii] Fine-structure and Hydrogen Recombination Lines
Authors: Pineda Jorge L. , Horiuchi Shinji , Anderson Loren D. , Luisi Matteo , Langer William D. , Goldsmith Paul F. , Kuiper Thomas B. H. , Bryden Geoff , Soriano Melissa , W. Lazio T. Joseph
Published: November 2019

We present a method for deriving the electron density of ionized gas using the ratio of the intensity of the [N ii] 205 μm line to that of hydrogen radio recombination lines (RRLs). We use this method to derive electron densities of 21 velocity components in 11 lines of sight through the Galaxy, including the Galactic center. We observed, at high spectral resolution, the [N ii] 205 μm with the Herschel/HIFI and SOFIA/GREAT instruments and the RRLs with the Green Bank Telescope and the NASA Deep Space Network Deep Space Station 43 (DSS-43) telescope. We find typical electron densities between 8 and 170 cm−3, which are consistent with those derived at low spectral resolution using the [N ii] 205 μm/122 μm ratio with Herschel/PACS on a larger sample of sight lines in the Galactic plane. By matching the electron densities derived from the [N ii] 205 μm/RRL intensity ratio and the [N ii] 122 μm/205 μm intensity ratio, we derive the nitrogen fractional abundance for most of the velocity components. We investigate the dependence of the N/H ratio on galactocentric distance in the inner Galaxy (R
gal < 6 kpc), which is inaccessible in optical studies owing to dust extinction. We find that the distribution of nitrogen abundances in the inner Galaxy derived from our data has a slope that is consistent with that found in the outer Galaxy in optical studies. This result is inconsistent with some suggestions of a flatter distribution of the nitrogen abundance in the inner Galaxy.
The First Day in the Life of a Magnetar: Evolution of the Inclination Angle, Magnetic Dipole Moment, and Braking Index of Millisecond Magnetars during Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
Authors: Şaşmaz Muş Sinem , Çıkıntoğlu Sercan , Aygün Uğur , Andaç I. Ceyhun , Ekşi K. Yavuz
Published: November 2019

The afterglow emission of some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) shows a shallow decay (plateau) phase implying continuous injection of energy. The source of this energy is very commonly attributed to the spin-down power of a nascent millisecond magnetar. The magnetic dipole radiation torque is considered to be the mechanism causing the spin-down of the neutron star. This torque has a component working for the alignment of the angle between rotation and the magnetic axis, i.e., the inclination angle, which has been neglected in modeling GRB afterglow light curves. Here, we demonstrate the evolution of the inclination angle and magnetic dipole moment of nascent magnetars associated with GRBs. We constrain the initial inclination angle, magnetic dipole moment, and rotation period of seven magnetars by modeling the seven long-GRB afterglow light curves. We find that, in its first day, the inclination angle of a magnetar decreases rapidly. The rapid alignment of the magnetic and rotation axis may address the lack of persistent radio emission from mature magnetars. We also find that in three cases the magnetic dipole moments of magnetars decrease exponentially to a value a few times smaller than the initial value. The braking index of nascent magnetars, as a result of the alignment and magnetic dipole moment decline, is variable during the afterglow phase and always greater than three.
The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars. I. Identifying and Characterizing the Protostellar Content of the OMC-2 FIR4 and OMC-2 FIR3 Regions
Authors: Tobin John J. , Megeath S. Thomas , Hoff Merel van’t , Díaz-Rodríguez Ana Karla , Reynolds Nickalas , Osorio Mayra , Anglada Guillem , Furlan Elise , Karnath Nicole , Offner Stella S. R. , Sheehan Patrick D. , Sadavoy Sarah I. , Stutz Amelia M. , Fischer William J. , Kama Mihkel , Persson Magnus , Francesco James Di , Looney Leslie W. , Watson Dan M. , Li Zhi-Yun , Stephens Ian , Chandler Claire J. , Cox Erin , Dunham Michael M. , Kratter Kaitlin , Kounkel Marina , Mazur Brian , Murillo Nadia M. , Patel Lisa , Perez Laura , Segura-Cox Dominique , Sharma Rajeeb , Tychoniec Łukasz , Wyrowski Friedrich
Published: November 2019

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (0.87 mm) and Very Large Array (9 mm) observations toward OMC-2 FIR4 and OMC-2 FIR3 within the Orion integral-shaped filament, thought to be two of the nearest regions of intermediate-mass star formation. We characterize the continuum sources within these regions on ∼40 au (0.″1) scales and associated molecular line emission at a factor of ∼30 better resolution than previous observations at similar wavelengths. We identify six compact continuum sources within OMC-2 FIR4, four in OMC-2 FIR3, and one additional source just outside OMC-2 FIR4. This continuum emission is tracing the inner envelope and/or disk emission on less than 100 au scales. HOPS-108 is the only protostar in OMC-2 FIR4 that exhibits emission from high-excitation transitions of complex organic molecules (e.g., methanol and other lines) coincident with the continuum emission. HOPS-370 in OMC-2 FIR3, with L ∼ 360 L
⊙, also exhibits emission from high-excitation methanol and other lines. The methanol emission toward these two protostars is indicative of temperatures high enough to thermally evaporate it from icy dust grains; overall, these protostars have characteristics similar to hot corinos. We do not identify a clear outflow from HOPS-108 in 12CO, but we find evidence of interaction between the outflow/jet from HOPS-370 and the OMC-2 FIR4 region. A multitude of observational constraints indicate that HOPS-108 is likely a low- to intermediate-mass protostar in its main mass accretion phase and is the most luminous protostar in OMC-2 FIR4. The high-resolution data presented here are essential for disentangling the embedded protostars from their surrounding dusty environments and characterizing them.
Uncertainty Quantification in Sunspot Counts
Authors: Mathieu Sophie , von Sachs Rainer , Ritter Christian , Delouille Véronique , Lefèvre Laure
Published: November 2019

Observing and counting sunspots constitutes one of the longest-running scientific experiments, with first observations dating back to Galileo (around 1610). Today the sunspot number (SN) time series acts as a benchmark of solar activity in a large range of physical models. An appropriate statistical modeling, adapted to the time series’ complex nature, is, however, still lacking. In this work, we provide the first comprehensive uncertainty quantification analysis of sunspot counts. We study three components: the number of sunspots (N

s
), the number of sunspot groups (N

g
), and the composite N

c
, defined as

. Those are reported by a network of observatories around the world and are corrupted by errors of various types. We use a multiplicative framework to provide, for these three components, an estimation of their error distribution in various regimes (short-term, long-term, minima of solar activity). We also propose a robust estimator for the underlying solar signal and fit density distributions that take into account intrinsic characteristics such as overdispersion, excess of zeros, and multiple modes. The estimation of the solar signal underlying the composite N

c
may be seen as a robust version of the International Sunspot Number (ISN), widely used as a proxy of solar activity. Therefore, our results on N

c
may help characterize the uncertainty on ISN as well. Our results pave the way for a future monitoring of the observatories in quasi-real time, with the aim of alerting the observers when they start deviating from the network and preventing large drifts from occurring.
Bottom-up Acceleration of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays in the Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Mbarek Rostom , Caprioli Damiano
Published: November 2019

It has been proposed that ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) up to 1020 eV could be produced in the relativistic jets of powerful active galactic nuclei (AGNs) via a one-shot reacceleration of lower-energy CRs produced in supernova remnants (the espresso mechanism). We test this theory by propagating particles in realistic 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations of ultrarelativistic jets and find that about 10% of the CRs entering the jet are boosted by at least a factor of ∼Γ2 in energy, where Γ is the jet’s effective Lorentz factor, in agreement with the analytical expectations. Furthermore, about 0.1% of the CRs undergo two or more shots and achieve boosts well in excess of Γ2. Particles are typically accelerated up to the Hillas limit, suggesting that the espresso mechanism may promote galactic-like CRs to UHECRs even in AGN jets with moderate Lorentz factors, and not in powerful blazars only. Finally, we find that the sign of the toroidal magnetic field in the jet and in the cocoon controls the angular distribution of the reaccelerated particles, leading to a UHECR emission that may be either quasi-isotropic or beamed along the jet axis. These findings strongly support the idea that espresso acceleration in AGN jets can account for the UHECR spectra, chemical composition, and arrival directions measured by Auger and Telescope Array.
Multiwavelength Stereoscopic Observation of the 2013 May 1 Solar Flare and CME
Authors: Lastufka Erica , Krucker Säm , Zimovets Ivan , Nizamov Bulat , White Stephen , Masuda Satoshi , Golovin Dmitriy , Litvak Maxim , Mitrofanov Igor , Sanin Anton
Published: November 2019

A M-class behind-the-limb solar flare on 2013 May 1 (SOL2013-05-01T02:32), accompanied by a (∼400 km s−1) coronal mass ejection (CME), was observed by several space-based observatories with different viewing angles. We investigated the RHESSI-observed occulted hard X-ray (HXR) emissions that originated at least 0.1

above the flare site. Emissions below ∼10 keV revealed a hot, extended (11 MK, >60″) thermal source from the escaping CME core, with densities around 109 cm−3. In such a tenuous hot plasma, ionization times scales are several minutes, consistent with the nondetection of the hot CME core in SDO/AIA’s 131 Å filter. The nonthermal RHESSI source originated from an even larger area (∼100″) at lower densities (108 cm−3) located above the hot core, but still behind the CME front. This indicates that the observed part of the nonthermal electrons are not responsible for heating the CME core. Possibly the hot core was heated by nonthermal electrons before it became visible from Earth, meaning that the unocculted part of the nonthermal emission likely originates from a more tenuous part of the CME core, where nonthermal electrons survive long enough to became visible from Earth. Simultaneous HXR spectra from the Mars Odyssey mission, which viewed the flare on disk, indicated that the number of nonthermal electrons >20 keV within the high coronal source is ∼0.1%–0.5% compared with the number within the chromospheric flare ribbons. The detection of high coronal HXR sources in this moderate size event suggests that such sources are likely a common feature within solar eruptive events.
Dwarfs or Giants? Stellar Metallicities and Distances from ugrizG Multiband Photometry
Authors: Thomas Guillaume F. , Annau Nicholaas , McConnachie Alan , Fabbro Sebastien , Teimoorinia Hossen , Côté Patrick , Cuillandre Jean-Charles , Gwyn Stephen , Ibata Rodrigo A. , Starkenburg Else , Carlberg Raymond , Famaey Benoit , Fantin Nicholas , Ferrarese Laura , Hénault-Brunet Vincent , Jensen Jaclyn , Lançon Ariane , Lewis Geraint F. , Martin Nicolas F. , Navarro Julio F. , Reylé Céline , Sánchez-Janssen Rubén
Published: November 2019

We present a new fully data-driven algorithm that uses photometric data from the Canada–France Imaging Survey (CFIS; u), Pan-STARRS 1 (PS1; griz), and Gaia (G) to discriminate between dwarf and giant stars and to estimate their distances and metallicities. The algorithm is trained and tested using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)/SEGUE spectroscopic data set and Gaia photometric/astrometric data set. At [Fe/H] < −1.2, the algorithm succeeds in identifying more than 70% of the giants in the training/test set, with a dwarf contamination fraction below 30% (with respect to the SDSS/SEGUE data set). The photometric metallicity estimates have uncertainties better than 0.2 dex when compared with the spectroscopic measurements. The distances estimated by the algorithm are valid out to a distance of at least ∼80 kpc without requiring any prior on the stellar distribution and have fully independent uncertainties that take into account both random and systematic errors. These advances allow us to estimate these stellar parameters for approximately 12 million stars in the photometric data set. This will enable studies involving the chemical mapping of the distant outer disk and the stellar halo, including their kinematics using the Gaia proper motions. This type of algorithm can be applied in the southern hemisphere to the first release of LSST data, thus providing an almost complete view of the external components of our Galaxy out to at least ∼80 kpc. Critical to the success of these efforts will be ensuring well-defined spectroscopic training sets that sample a broad range of stellar parameters with minimal biases. A catalog containing the training/test set and all relevant parameters within the public footprint of CFIS is available online.
Balzac face aux mœurs anglaises
Authors: Diaz José-Luis
Published: November 2019

Historien des mœurs françaises du début du xix e  siècle, Balzac ne manque pas de les opposer souvent aux mœurs anglaises, dont il n’a pourtant qu’une connaissance indirecte. En lui, c’est surtout le sociologue de la vie privée qui est à l’affût et multiplie les parallèles entre une Angleterre industrialisée et tout entière mécanifiée , et une France dont le retard économique est compensé par le caractère convivial de son art de vivre. Le tableau d’ensemble des mœurs anglaises que propose La Comédie humaine est ainsi très négatif, avec fort peu d’exceptions : le droit d’aînesse, l’ habeas corpus , l’absence de centralisation. Si l’Angleterre l’emporte en confort sur les autres nations, elle est en revanche victime du cant et du terrorisme de l’ improper pour ce qui concerne la vie sociale. « La vie de tête, l’activité d’idées, le talent de conversation y sont contraints dans un pays où « tout est uniforme dans chaque sphère ». Hypocrisie, pruderie, componction, violence dans les rapports humains y compris amoureux, tels sont les grands défauts. Ce que Balzac craint par-dessus tout, c’est que les mœurs anglaises ne contaminent la France : ce dont les exemples sont nombreux, en un temps où les échanges internationaux s’accélèrent. Mais il n’a en revanche qu’à se féliciter que, face à une Angleterre vivant immobile « sous l’empire du devoir », la France offre au romancier qu’il est « l’ homme social sous des aspects plus multipliés que partout ailleurs ».
Les Anglais face à l’amour et au mariage
Authors: Lascar Alex
Published: November 2019

Balzac, qui n’a jamais franchi la Manche, a une connaissance au moins seconde des mœurs des Anglais, ces nomades. Les questions qu’elles posent, celles du puritanisme des idées et des manières (du cant , de l’ improper ), servent de référence au peintre des mœurs françaises. Il s’intéresse, notamment, dès la Physiologie du mariage (1829), à la liberté prénuptiale, aux conditions du mariage en Angleterre, à la difficulté pour maintes familles d’y trouver des unions convenables pour leurs nombreuses filles, à la vie conjugale, au traitement et aux suites de l’adultère, et ces préoccupations apparaissent dans bien des œuvres jusqu’aux Petites misères de la vie conjugale (1846). Par ailleurs, Anglaises et Françaises se distinguent dans leur rapport à l’amour : même les grandes séductrices françaises, comme Diane de Maufrigneuse, n’ont pas la froideur d’une lady Dudley par exemple. Le Lys dans la vallée exacerbe l’opposition entre elle et la douce, l’altruiste Henriette de Mortsauf.
Poétique des mots anglais dans l’œuvre balzacienne
Authors: Veron Laélia
Published: November 2019

« Je ne sais pas un mot d’anglais » écrivait Balzac (28 mai 1843). Cette affirmation est exagérée : si Balzac ne maîtrisait pas la langue anglaise, cela ne l’a nullement empêché de parsemer ses œuvres de citations (« All is true », « To be or not to be », etc.) d’expressions ou de mots anglais – quelquefois attestés, quelquefois fantaisistes. Cet article s’attache à étudier les enjeux poétiques de la représentation de cette altérité discursive, altérité qui dépasse le simple emprunt pour devenir le support d’une inventivité langagière.
Balzac décadent : l’auteur de « La Comédie humaine » vu par la fin de siècle anglaise
Authors: Tilby Michael
Published: November 2019

Les deux dernières décennies du dix-neuvième siècle, lesquelles virent la parution de trois éditions anglophones de La Comédie humaine , témoignèrent d’un niveau d’intérêt pour les créations balzaciennes sans précédent en Angleterre mais d’assez courte durée. Des écrivains de tous genres, ainsi qu’une brassée d’artistes-peintres, développèrent une fascination remarquable pour les œuvres de notre auteur, qu’ils continuèrent de lire dans le texte. Se connaissant généralement entre eux, ils échangèrent, en public comme au privé, des points de vue sur le romancier français, faisant preuve ainsi d’un vrai dialogue critique. Le survol offert a pour mission de mettre en valeur l’ampleur d’un phénomène qui s’étend jusqu’à des éditions de luxe d’un Balzac « interdit ». Il se termine en signalant des exemples, méconnus ou imparfaitement étudiés, d’une exploitation créatrice de lectures balzaciennes par divers « Balzac anglais », à savoir Stevenson, Swinburne, Moore et Gissing.
Éthique et consentement : la place de l’autonomie au sein des relations médicales
Authors: Marzano Michela
Published: November 2019

Cet article propose une approche éthique sur le rapport qui existe entre autonomie, liberté et consentement dans le cadre des relations entre médecins et patients. Ces relations ont d’ailleurs fortement évolué ces dernières années : si jadis les médecins n’hésitaient pas à imposer aux malades ce qu’ils jugeaient être « bon » pour eux, aujourd’hui le souci d’informer les patients et d’obtenir leur adhésion aux actes de soin ou de recherche qu’on leur propose est devenu la norme. Mais le patient est-il réellement en état de prendre une décision concernant sa santé, lorsqu’il se trouve en situation de vulnérabilité ? Quelles sont les limites du consentement éclairé ? Quel lien existe entre la capacité que chacun a de s’autodéterminer et de choisir sa conception de la vie (son autonomie) et les choix spécifiques que l’on se doit de faire lorsqu’on est malade et que le médecin propose différentes options ? Peut-on concilier l’éthique du consentement avec l’éthique de la confiance ?
Éthique en néonatologie
Authors: Moriette Guy
Published: November 2019

La réanimation et les soins intensifs pour nouveau-nés sont apparus il y a une cinquantaine d’années. Dès les années 1980 s’est posée la question des limites à apporter à l’utilisation des techniques correspondantes (ventilation mécanique notamment) dans le but de réduire le risque de faire survivre par ces moyens artificiels des enfants très lourdement handicapés. Dans les deux dernières décennies du xx e  siècle, les professionnels ont proposé des repères pour aborder la question des arrêts de traitements intensifs. En France, on a mis l’accent sur la réanimation d’attente, et envisagé la possibilité de pratiquer, de manière exceptionnelle, des arrêts de vie. Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les attitudes ont profondément changé. Les arrêts de vie tendent à laisser place à des limitations ou arrêts de traitements ( lat ), encadrés par les lois de 2005 et 2016. La nutrition-hydratation artificielle fait partie des traitements qui peuvent être arrêtés dans ce cadre, mais lorsque la nutrition par tétées est maintenue, cet arrêt s’est avéré insupportable pour les parents et les soignants. L’application de la loi de 2016 devrait permettre d’éviter ces situations, dans certains cas de lat , en arrêtant tous les traitements et en entreprenant une sédation maintenue jusqu’au décès. La recherche du meilleur intérêt, ou intérêt supérieur de l’enfant, doit être le guide essentiel de la prise de décision de lat . Les parents ont désormais un rôle central dans cette recherche, en partenariat avec le médecin. Le respect de leur place, de leur culture, n’évite pas toujours les tensions entre leurs croyances individuelles et les principes éthiques dont nous estimons qu’ils possèdent une valeur universelle. Le dialogue s’efforce de parvenir à une décision fondée sur une raison commune.
Questions éthiques sur le dépistage prénatal de la trisomie 21
Authors: Vassy Carine
Published: November 2019

Le dépistage des anomalies fœtales pose des problèmes éthiques. Il est mis en œuvre dans de nombreux pays européens qui tentent de résoudre ces problèmes en s’assurant du consentement des femmes au dépistage. Notre enquête sociologique s’interroge sur les différences entre la France, où 84 % des femmes ont fait un test de dépistage de la trisomie 21 en 2010, et les Pays-Bas où elles n’étaient que 27 %. L’observation montre des différences nationales dans les interactions entre professionnels et femmes enceintes pendant les consultations. Le dépistage est traité de manière routinière en France, alors qu’il est assorti de mises en garde aux Pays-Bas. Les problèmes éthiques liés au dépistage sont envisagés différemment d’un pays à l’autre. Leur traitement dépend de l’organisation du système de santé et des caractéristiques des politiques de dépistage.
Névez, un village à l’heure Macron
Authors: Bellay Jacques-Yves
Published: November 2019

Le petit bourg breton souffre de la perte d’activité : les maisons de pêcheurs sont rachetées à grand prix par les gens de la ville, tandis que les nés-natifs trompent l’ennui au bistrot, vivent du travail au noir et s’interrogent sur leur identité.
« Le peuple veut »
Authors: Achour Yadh Ben , Fabre Thierry
Published: November 2019

Le professeur de droit qui a dirigé la Commission de la réforme politique en Tunisie évoque sa formation religieuse et juridique, ainsi que sa conception de la révolution, de l’islam et de la démocratie.