bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description of embryonic development and ultrastructure in miracidia of Cardiocephaloides longicollis (Digenea, Strigeidae) in relation to active host finding strategy in a marine environment
Authors: Born‐Torrijos Ana , Holzer Astrid S. , Raga Juan A. , van Beest Gabrielle S. , Yoneva Aneta
Published: May 2017

The functional ultrastructure and embryonic development of miracidia in naturally released eggs of the trematode Cardiocephaloides longicollis were studied using light and transmission electron microscopy. This species has operculated eggs and embryogenesis occurs in the marine environment before an actively infecting ciliated miracidium hatches. Six different developmental stages were identified. The lack of pores in the eggshell indicates its impermeability and the miracidium's dependency on glycogen nutritive reserves, contained in numerous vitellocytes in early embryos. As the development advances, these merge into larger vitelline vacuoles that encircle the miracidium and may aid its hatching. Tissue and primary organ differentiation were observed in advanced stages, i.e., terebratorium, glands, cerebral ganglion, peripheral sensory endings, and eyespots. The anterior part of the body contains a single apical and paired lateral glands, as well as two types of sensory endings, which permit location, adhesion, and penetration of the host. No previous studies describe the embryonic development and ultrastructure of miracidia in strigeids, however, some of the structural features shared with other, well described species with unknown life cycles are emphasised. This study highlights that ultrastructural data have to be interpreted in relation to parasite biology to understand the structural requirements of specific parasite strategies.
The petrosal and bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor, an enigmatic Artiodactyla from the Oligocene of Western Europe
Authors: Orliac Maeva J. , Araújo Ricardo , Lihoreau Fabrice
Published: May 2017

Anoplotheriinae are Paleogene European artiodactyls that present a unique postcranial morphology with a tridactyl autopodium and uncommon limb orientation. This peculiar morphology led to various hypotheses regarding anoplotheriine locomotion from semiaquatic to partly arboreal or partly bipedal. The petrosal bone, housing the organs of balance, and hearing, offers complementary information to postcranial morphology on the ecology of this uncommon artiodactyl. Here, we investigate the middle ear and bony labyrinth of the small anoplotheriine Diplobune minor based on four specimens from the Early Oligocene locality of Itardies (Quercy, France). A macroscopic study coupled with a μCT scan investigation of the petrosal anatomy provides novel information on the bony labyrinth, stapes, and innervation and vasculature of the inner ear of this enigmatic taxon. The petrosal of D. minor exhibits a mosaic of plesiomorphic characters and peculiar features that shed new light into the anatomy of this poorly studied taxon of an obscure taxonomic clade. We can confidently reject that D. minor was a semiaquatic species based on the petrosal morphology: presence of a large mastoid process and nonpachyostotic tegmen tympani do not support underwater hearing. On the other hand, the average semicircular canal radius points to a slow or medium slow agility for D. minor, and fully rejects it was a fast moving animal, which is congruent with its postcranial anatomy.
Clasper morphology of skates of the tribe Riorajini (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) and its systematic significance
Authors: Moreira Renan A. , Gomes Ulisses L. , de Carvalho Marcelo R.
Published: May 2017

Claspers of adult specimens of the skate tribe Riorajini, family Arhynchobatidae, comprising Atlantoraja and Rioraja, are described, compared, and systematically reinterpreted based on material collected off southeastern and southern Brazil. For the first time the external components and musculature of the clasper of members of this tribe are described and related to internal (skeletal) structures. The component pecten is present in all species of Atlantoraja but absent in Rioraja. The new external component grip, an autapomorphy of A. cyclophora fully developed in adults, is described. Rioraja presents dorsal terminals 1 and 2, ventral marginal distally extended and ventral terminal cartilages. Dorsal terminals 1 and 2, ventral marginal distally extended, accessory terminals 2 and 3, and ventral terminal cartilages occur in Atlantoraja. A new interpretation of the ventral marginal distally extended is discussed. The dorsal terminal 1 of Atlantoraja has an inverted U shape but is triangular in Rioraja. The accessory terminal 2 cartilage is reported for the first time in Atlantoraja cyclophora. The accessory terminal 3 is present only in A. platana and A. cyclophora, and absent in Rioraja and A. castelnaui. Many of our findings concerning the clasper skeleton do not agree with previous interpretations. The arrangement, distribution and systematic significance of many of the terminal clasper components are discussed among rajoids.
Connections between north‐central United States summer hydroclimatology and Arctic sea ice variability
Authors: Budikova Dagmar , Ford Trent W. , Ballinger Thomas J.
Published: May 2017

Arctic sea ice has been shrinking at unprecedented rates over the past three decades. These cryospheric changes have coincided with greater incidence of global extreme weather conditions, including increased severity and frequency of summer heatwaves and extreme rainfall events. Recent studies identify potential physical mechanisms related to Rossby wave and resonance theories that may attribute the observed changes in extreme summer weather patterns to Arctic sea ice decline. This study explores the linkages between summer Arctic sea ice variability and hydroclimate of the north‐central United States (US) during the 1979 to 2013 period. Since 1979, summers with low sea ice conditions have coincided with significant increases in mean, minimum, maximum, and dew point air temperatures. Also apparent are increases in seasonal precipitation, the number of wet days, heavy (>95th percentile) precipitation days, and accumulated precipitation over the region. These moisture changes coincide with atmospheric patterns typically observed during anomalously wet summers, known to prompt flooding across the Upper Mississippi River Valley (UMRV) region. Low sea ice summers have coincided with (1) enhanced southerly air flow and increased activity of the Great Plains Low Level Jet (GPLLJ) over the study area, (2) increased occurrence of moist tropical air masses over the UMRV region, and (3) amplified 500 hPa flow over the Pacific‐North American region with a ridge situated over the central‐eastern portions of the North American continent emanating from Greenland and the central Arctic basin. The results suggest summer Arctic sea ice variability has been associated with recent hydroclimate anomalies of the north‐central United States and the UMRV region and add to our growing knowledge of the connections between a changing Arctic environment and concurrent mid‐latitude climate variability.
Practical Chain‐End Reduction of Polymers Obtained with ATRP
Authors: Gutekunst Will R. , Anastasaki Athina , Lunn David J. , Truong Nghia P. , Whitfield Richard , Jones Glen R. , Treat Nicolas J. , Abdilla Allison , Barton Bryan E. , Clark Paul G. , Haddleton David M. , Davis Thomas P. , Hawker Craig J.
Published: May 2017

A practical and user‐friendly strategy for the chain‐end reduction of halogen terminated polymers that employs hydrogen gas and heterogeneous catalysis (palladium on carbon) is reported. Quantitative dehalogenation of a wide variety of monomer families (polystyrenes, polyacrylates, and polymethacrylates) with either chlorine or bromine chain‐ends is observed. The utility of this chain‐end reduction is further highlighted by mild reaction conditions, simple purification, and compatibility with a wide range of solvents.

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Capabilities and limitations of DGGE for the analysis of hydrocarbonoclastic prokaryotic communities directly in environmental samples
Authors: Al‐Mailem Dina M. , Kansour Mayada K. , Radwan Samir S.
Published: May 2017

Prokaryotic communities in pristine and oil‐contaminated desert soil, seawater, and hypersaline coastal soil were analyzed using culture‐dependent and culture‐independent approaches. The former technique was the dilution‐plating method. For the latter, total genomic DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA genes were amplified using a universal bacterial primer pair and primer pairs specific for Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Archaea. The amplicons were resolved using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequenced, and the sequences were compared to those in GenBank. The plating method offered the advantages of capturing the targeted hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms, counting them and providing cultures for further study. However, this technique could not capture more than a total of 15 different prokaryotic taxa. Those taxa belonged predominantly to the genera Alcanivorax, Pseudoxanthomonas, Bosea, Halomonas, and Marinobacter. The individual isolates in culture consumed between 19 and 50% of the available crude oil in 10 days. Although the culture‐independent approach revealed much more microbial diversity, it was not problem‐free. The subdivision primers exhibited satisfactory specificity, but they failed to capture all the available taxa. The universal bacterial primer pair ignored Actinobacteria altogether, although the primer pair specific for Actinobacteria captured many of them, for example, the genera Geodermatophilus, Streptomyces, Mycobacterium, Pontimonas, Rhodococcus, Blastococcus, Kocuria, and many others. Because most researchers worldwide use universal primers for PCR, this finding should be considered critically to avoid misleading interpretations.
Early presentation of osteonecrosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Two children from the Nordic and Baltic cohort
Authors: Mogensen Signe Sloth , Harila‐Saari Arja , Frandsen Thomas Leth , Lähteenmäki Päivi , Castor Anders , Kohonen Ia , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Mäkitie Outi
Published: May 2017

Osteonecrosis (ON) is usually considered treatment related in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We report two patients with presentation of ON at the time of ALL diagnosis. Both were females and diagnosed with ALL at age 8 and 14 years. In the latter, some symptoms and radiologically verified ON in both knees were still present after the end of ALL therapy. No pediatric patients have previously been reported with ON presenting before initiation of ALL therapy.
Layered double hydroxides/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites with enhanced barrier properties
Authors: Yang Wei , Xia Yong , Liu Xiaochao , Yang Jun , Liu Yuejun
Published: May 2017

A hybrid layered double hydroxides (LDHs)‐reduced graphene oxide (rGO) material has been fabricated by the facile co‐precipitation method. The structural characterization and morphological observation of the composites suggest that small LDH‐rGO crystals are in situ grown on the surface of GO nanosheets, preventing the compact stacking of GO. The poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/LDH‐rGO hybrid films with different contents of LDH‐rGO are prepared and investigated. The results show that the LDH‐rGO composites are homogeneous dispersed in PVA matrix based on scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations. The PVA/LDH‐rGO film exhibits significantly improved mechanical and barrier properties compared with those of the pure PVA film. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:3841–3848, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis of acidic vinylcyclopropanes for dental applications
Authors: Catel Yohann , Fässler Pascal , Fischer Urs , Pesch Carmen , Pruvost Chloé , Tauscher Sven , Moszner Norbert
Published: May 2017

The multistep synthesis of four new acidic vinylcyclopropanes is described. These monomers were fully characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 31P NMR spectroscopy and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The homopolymerization of the corresponding polymerizable di‐tert‐butyl phosphates as well as the copolymerization of each acidic monomer with 1,1‐diethoxycarbonyl‐2‐vinylcyclopropane were investigated using photo‐differential scanning calorimetry with bis(4‐methoxybenzoyl)diethylgermane as photoinitiator. Self‐etch adhesives based on the synthesized acidic vinylcyclopropanes are able to achieve a strong bond between a dental composite and both dentin and enamel. Flowable composites containing these acidic vinylcyclopropanes exhibit good mechanical properties. The replacement of methacrylates by vinylcyclopropanes leads to a significant reduction of the shrinkage stress of flowable composites. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Keeping good friends close – The surface and secreted proteomes of a probiotic bacterium provide candidate proteins for intestinal attachment and communication with the host
Authors: Jeffery Constance J.
Published: May 2017

Bacteria use cell surface proteins and secreted proteins to interact with host tissues. Several dozen previously published proteomics studies have identified cell surface proteins for pathogens. In this issue, Celebioglu and Svensson (Proteomics 2017, 17, 1700019) use 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify secreted and cell surface proteins of a commensual gut bacterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Some of the proteins are known to have functions in the cytoplasm, and their presence on the cell surface suggests they might be moonlighting proteins. In addition, comparisons of proteins used by pathogenic and probiotic species to interact with their hosts could lead to improved treatments of infections and chronic diseases that are associated with an imbalance of pathogenic and probiotic gut bacteria.
Experimental investigation of the influence of joint connection details between existing buildings and added new frames on failure mode of retrofitted slabs for the vertical expansion of old buildings: Part II
Authors: Kim Jisoon , Hong Won‐Kee , Yun Yeo‐jin
Published: May 2017

Dismantling entire existing buildings can be circumvented by adding additional frames to provide more residence, thus avoiding the need to reconstruct buildings. The alternatives are to construct new frames on old apartment buildings in order to avoid entirely dismantling existing buildings. The conventional wall frames for super structures added onto existing buildings are replaced by frames consisting of composite beams and steel columns to minimize beam depth and weight of the load from the added frames. This paper studied joint connection types for the rehabilitation of old buildings to withstand lateral loads. Details of the joints between newly added steel columns and existing slabs are presented in this paper. The structural behaviors of anchored joints between the new 3‐story composite frames and an existing 15‐floor building were significantly investigated through extensive experiments. Complex failure modes were identified based on the test of the wall foundation types and the anchor types connecting the base plates to existing slabs. The authors previously reported that the flexural load‐bearing capacity of slabs was the dominant load‐resisting capacity. The column–slab joint connections introduced with experimental demonstrations in this study are expected to contribute to enhancing the lateral capacity of the extended buildings.
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy without over-sewing the staple line: A case series demonstrating efficacy and minimization of both intra- and post-operative complications
Authors: Moradian S. , Daneshpajouh A. , Patel A. , Kitzman K. , Gomez N. , Choi M.
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Introduction

Bariatric surgery, specifically laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), has become one of the standard bariatric operations in the U.S. for weight loss and improvement in associated co-morbidities. It has been shown that associated co-morbidities such as obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity have all been improved, if not cured. Many bariatric surgeons insist on over-sewing the staple line in an attempt to minimize post-operative leaks and/or hemorrhage, without substantial evidence to support the benefit of applying this additional step.

Methods

Retrospective data for the first 50 consecutive patients undergoing LGS and conversion from laparoscopic gastric banding (LGB) to LSG from September 2014 to April 2015 at Larkin Community Hospital were analyzed. All patients were seen and evaluated pre-operatively in the private practice of the bariatric surgeon. Each case was completed with two surgeons and one resident. The majority of the case was split between one of the two surgeons in the Bariatric practice and the resident assisting. The LSG was performed without over-sewing the staple line and none of the patients received an upper GI series or any pharmaceutical anticoagulation while they were hospitalized. All patients were discharged on POD# 1.

Results

Weight loss at 1 and 3 months were 19.6 lbs (8.91 kgs) and 41.3 lbs (18.8 kgs) respectively. The most common complication was hair loss in the post-operative period (3/50). No major complications including, but not limited to, leaks, fistulas, pulmonary emboli, or deep venous thrombosis were observed.

Conclusion

Our technique, to our knowledge, is the first to describe laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy without over-sewing the staple line, no post-operative anticoagulation, no UGI series on POD#1, and discharge home on POD#1 with no major complications.

Highlights
IT Is From Mars and Physicians From Venus: Bridging the Gap
Authors: Huang Mark E.
Published: May 2017

With increasing adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) and legislative mandates for its use within the United States, collaboration between physicians and information technology (IT) staff is essential. Current challenges that physicians face include addressing EHR usability, system performance, adequate training, issue resolution, regulatory compliance, and lack of awareness of IT roles. These challenges lead to gaps in communication between clinicians and IT staff. Strategies to improve collaboration between physicians and IT staff include increasing physician involvement with health information technology software development, involvement with legislative regulations and standards, IT project implementation, as well as system stabilization and optimization. Other key strategies to improve collaboration are also addressed, including proper leadership support, proper training, and proper issue triage. Improved collaboration can result in more effective EHR design and implementation which in turn can enhance the end user experience and patient care.
Telehealth in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review
Authors: Tenforde Adam S. , Hefner Jaye E. , Kodish‐Wachs Jodi E. , Iaccarino Mary A. , Paganoni Sabrina
Published: May 2017

Telehealth refers to health care interactions that leverage telecommunication devices to provide medical care outside the traditional face‐to‐face, in‐person medical encounter. Technology advances and research have expanded use of telehealth in health care delivery. Physical medicine and rehabilitation providers may use telehealth to deliver care to populations with neurologic and musculoskeletal conditions, commonly treated in both acute care and outpatient settings. Patients with impaired mobility and those living in locations with reduced access to care may particularly benefit. Video‐teleconferencing has been shown to be effective for management of burn patients during acute rehabilitation, including reduced health care use expenses and less disruptions to care. Telehealth can facilitate developing interprofessional care plans. Patients with neurologic conditions including stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may use telehealth to monitor symptoms and response to treatment. Telehealth also may facilitate occupational and physical therapy programs as well as improve weight management and skin care in patients with chronic conditions. Other applications include imaging review in sports medicine, symptom management and counseling in concussion, traumatic brain injury, and pain management programs. Limitations of telehealth include barriers in establishing relationship between medical provider and patient, ability to perform limited physical examination, and differences in payment models and liability coverage. The expansion of telehealth services is expected to grow and has potential to improve patient satisfaction by delivering high quality and value of care.
Data Sharing and Data Registries in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Authors: Capó‐Lugo Carmen E. , Kho Abel N. , O'Dwyer Linda C. , Rosenman Marc B.
Published: May 2017

The field of physical medicine & rehabilitation (PM&R), along with all the disciplines it encompasses, has evolved rapidly in the past 50 years. The number of controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta‐analyses in PM&R increased 5‐fold from 1998 to 2013. In recent years, professional, private, and governmental institutions have identified the need to track function and functional status across providers and settings of care and on a larger scale. Because function and functional status are key aspects of PM&R, access to and sharing of reliable data will have an important impact on clinical practice. We reviewed the current landscape of PM&R databases and data repositories, the clinical applicability and practice implications of data sharing, and challenges and future directions. We included articles that (1) addressed any aspect of function, disability, or participation; (2) focused on recovery or maintenance of any function; and (3) used data repositories or research databases. We identified 398 articles that cited 244 data sources. The data sources included 66 data repositories and 179 research databases. We categorized the data sources based on their purposes and uses, geographic distribution, and other characteristics. This study collates the range of databases, data repositories, and data‐sharing mechanisms that have been used in PM&R internationally. In recent years, these data sources have provided significant information for the field, especially at the population‐health level. Implications and future directions for data sources also are discussed.
Can Heidegger's Poetic Saying Account for More (or Less) Than Great Artworks?
Authors: MATHIEU OLIVIER
Published: May 2017

In this paper I mobilize the Heideggerian concept of poetic saying [Dichtung] to describe features that pertain to the accomplishment of an artwork in the institutional setting of an artworld. Following Binkley and Davies, I first describe performances generative of artworks as ‘piece-specification’. I argue that a condition of ‘artistic creativity’ bears upon piece-specification that is insufficiently accounted for by these authors and that Heidegger's concept of poetic saying can help flesh it out. To that end, I show that it is at least coherent with some of Heidegger's phenomenological insights to argue that (1) poetic sayings are not necessarily tied to the advent of ‘great artworks’ and that (2) poetic sayings thus lend themselves to an analysis that views them as the intentional accomplishment of a meaning-event [Sinnereignis]. I then use the intentional structure of poetic sayings to describe how one can intend to achieve piece-specification in a creative yet recognizable manner.
Prevalence of potential smoking-related conditions among tobacco users in the emergency department and their perception that their visit may be smoking-related – ERRATUM
Authors: Tsai A.P.Y. , Tsai J. P.-N. , Stewart L. , Brubacher J. , Cheung K.W.
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Les fumeurs qui consultent au service des urgences (SU) souffrent de nombreuses maladies directement causées ou potentiellement causées par l’usage du tabac. Il a déjà été démontré dans des études antérieures que le taux d’abandon du tabac augmentait chez les personnes qui percevaient correctement le fait que la consultation au SU était liée à l’usage du tabac.

Objectifs

L’étude visait : 1) à calculer la prévalence des affections potentiellement liées à l’usage du tabac parmi les fumeurs dans un SU de soins tertiaires rattaché à un hôpital universitaire; et 2) à déterminer quelles affections étaient plus ou moins susceptibles d’être perçues par les patients comme liées à l’usage du tabac.

Méthode

Ont participé à l’étude des adultes de 19 ans et plus qui ont déclaré avoir fait usage de tabac dans les 30 jours précédant la consultation au SU et qui ont participé à un essai comparatif à répartition aléatoire (ClinicalTrials.gov. : NCT01454375) du 1er décembre 2011 au 31 août 2012. On a demandé aux patients d’indiquer s’ils croyaient que la consultation au SU était liée à l’usage du tabac. Par ailleurs, les diagnostics ont été codés, au moment du congé du SU, comme liés ou non liés à l’usage du tabac, d’après le Surgeon General’s Report de 2004, aux États-Unis.

Résultats

Au total, 893 patients (hommes : 62 %; âge moyen : 40 ± 15 ans) ont été sélectionnés, dont 120 (13 %) souffraient d’une maladie potentiellement liée à l’usage du tabac. Il y avait 6 (5 %) cas de néoplasie; 18 (15 %), de maladie cardiovasculaire; 67 (56 %), de maladie respiratoire; 3 (3 %), de troubles de la reproduction; 7 (6 %), de complications postopératoires; 9 (8 %), d’affection dentaire; 9 (8 %), d’ulcère gastroduodénal; 0 (0 %), de maladie oculaire; et 1 (1 %), de maladie osseuse. Parmi les affections potentiellement liées à l’usage du tabac, 46 (38 %) étaient perçues comme telles par les patients : 61 % des maladies cardiovasculaires; 33 % des néoplasies; 43 % des maladies respiratoires; 22 % des affections dentaires; 14 % des complications postopératoires; 11 % des ulcères gastroduodénaux, et 0 % des autres affections.

Conclusions

Dans l’étude en question, 13% des consultations au SU parmi les fumeurs étaient motivées par des affections potentiellement liées à l’usage du tabac, et 38 % d’entre elles étaient perçues comme telles par les patients. L’éducation du public visant à sensibiliser les gens aux affections liées à l’usage du tabac pourrait accroître le taux d’abandon du tabac.
The topological entropy of non-dense orbits and generalized Schmidt games
Authors: WU WEISHENG
Published: May 2017

We generalize the notion of Schmidt games to the setting of the general Caratheódory construction. The winning sets for such generalized Schmidt games usually have large corresponding Caratheódory dimensions (e.g., Hausdorff dimension and topological entropy). As an application, we show that for every $C^{1+\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}$-partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism $f:M\rightarrow M$ satisfying certain technical conditions, the topological entropy of the set of points with non-dense forward orbits is bounded below by the unstable metric entropy (in the sense of Ledrappier–Young) of certain invariant measures. This also gives a unified proof of the fact that the topological entropy of such a set is equal to the topological entropy of $f$, when $f$ is a toral automorphism or the time-one map of a certain non-quasiunipotent homogeneous flow.
Patient Cessation Activity after Automatic Referral to a Dedicated Cessation Support Service
Authors: Amato Katharine A. , Reid Mary E. , Bansal-Travers Maansi , Ochs-Balcom Heather M. , Cummings K. Michael , Mahoney Martin , Marshall James , Hyland Andrew
Published: May 2017

Introduction: We characterised tobacco use, cessation patterns, and patient satisfaction with a cessation support program at an NCI Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center following a mandatory tobacco assessment and automatic referral.

Methods: A 3-month follow-up survey (via web, paper, or telephone) was administered between March 2013 and November 2013 for all patients referred to and contacted by a cessation support service, and who consented to participation three months prior to administration. Patients were asked about their perceived importance and self-efficacy to quit smoking, quit attempts, and satisfaction with the cessation service.

Results: Fifty-two percent (257/499) of patients who participated in the cessation support service, and consented to be contacted again, completed a follow-up survey. Of those who participated, 9.7% were referred to the service as having recently quit tobacco (in the past 30 days) and 23.6% reported having quit at the time of first contact. At the 3-month follow-up, 48.1% reported being smoke-free for the previous seven days. When patients were asked about their experience with the cessation service, 86.4% reported being very or mostly satisfied with the service, and 64.3% reported that their experience with the service increased their satisfaction with the care received at the cancer centre.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that recently diagnosed cancer patients are aware that quitting tobacco is important, are making attempts to quit, and are amenable to an opt-out automatic referral cessation support service as part of their cancer care.
Alternate Mediterranean diet score is positively associated with skeletal muscle mass index in middle-aged adults
Authors: Tian Hui-yuan , Qiu Rui , Jing Li-peng , Chen Zhan-yong , Chen Geng-dong , Chen Yu-ming
Published: May 2017

Researches have suggested Mediterranean diet might lower the risk of chronic diseases, but data on skeletal muscle mass (SMM) are limited. This community-based cross-sectional study examined the association between the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMDS) and SMM in 2230 females and 1059 males aged 40–75 years in Guangzhou, China. General information and habitual dietary information were assessed in face-to-face interviews conducted during 2008–2010 and 3 years later. The aMDS was calculated by summing the dichotomous points for the items of higher intakes of whole grain, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, fish and ratio of MUFA:SFA, lower red meat and moderate ethanol consumption. The SMM of the whole body, limbs, arms and legs were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry during 2011–2013. After adjusting for potential covariates, higher aMDS was positively associated with skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, SMM/height2, kg/m2) at all of the studied sites in males (all Ptrend<0·05). The multiple covariate-adjusted SMI means were 2·70 % (whole body), 2·65 % (limbs), 2·50 % (arms) and 2·70 % (legs) higher in the high (v. low) category aMDS in males (all P<0·05). In females, the corresponding values were 1·35 % (Ptrend=0·03), 1·05, 0·52 and 1·20 %, (Ptrend>0·05). Age-stratified analyses showed that the favourable associations tended to be more pronounced in the younger subjects aged less than the medians of 59·2 and 62·2 years in females and males (Pinteraction>0·10). In conclusion, the aMDS shows protective associations with SMM in Chinese adults, particularly in male and younger subjects.
A Bargaining Theory of Conflict with Evolutionary Preferences
Authors: Little Andrew T. , Zeitzoff Thomas
Published: May 2017

Bargaining models play a central role in international relations, particularly in the study of conflict. A common criticism of this approach is that it fails to account for nonmaterial (e.g., psychological) factors that may influence the bargaining process. We augment a standard bargaining model by allowing actors’ preferences over conflict to diverge from the “fitness” payoffs (e.g., resources) typical of such models. Preferences are subject to evolutionary forces—those who attain high fitness reproduce more. We find that (1) there is a trade-off where being “irrationally” tough leads to better bargains but also more inefficient conflict; (2) actors develop behavioral biases consistent with empirical findings from psychology and behavioral economics; and (3) these behavioral biases inevitably lead to conflict. By bridging the strategic and psychological approaches to conflict, our models provide new insights into questions such as how changes in military and intelligence-gathering technology affect the likelihood and expected cost of war, and how to interpret the purported decline of violence over recent human history.
Impact on the medical decision-making process of multiplex PCR assay for respiratory pathogens
Authors: GUILLON A. , AYMERIC S. , GAUDY-GRAFFIN C. , SONKE J. , DEBLONDE M. P. , CAPSEC J. , DIOT P. , GAROT D. , GOUDEAU A. , GRAMMATICO-GUILLON L.
Published: May 2017

The objective of this study was to determine how clinicians make use of the modern multiplex PCR assays (MPAs) to manage patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We studied the use of MPAs in 1648 patients hospitalized for CAP over a 3-year period at the moment of the setup of the new PCR assay. We observed that the use of MPAs for the identification of multiple respiratory pathogens marks a radical change in the investigation of CAP etiology. Surprisingly, the contribution of MPAs to the medical decision-making process varies drastically according to the units of care.
The rise of crowd equity funding: where to now?
Authors: Nehme Marina
Published: May 2017

Crowd equity funding is a type of crowdfunding that allows companies to obtain seed or other capital through small equity investments from a large range of investors via an online portal. This form of finance has been viewed as a way to remedy the shortfall of capital for small and medium enterprises. As a result, a number of countries such as the US, Italy and New Zealand have promoted this form of finance. Accordingly, the paper first considers the reasons behind the rise of crowd equity funding on government agendas around the world. It then focuses on the Australian setting, by highlighting the different proposals that have been put forward to introduce legislation friendlier to crowd equity funding. The aim is to view the extent to which the proposed models provide the right balance between investor protection and entrepreneurship.
On the ‘New’ Burma Road: From Mule Caravans to Motorcycle Bands
Authors: Chang Wen-Chin
Published: May 2017

Since the opening of the Sino-Burmese border trade in 1988, the movement of goods and people from both sides has increased rapidly. In 2011, China became Burma's largest trading partner and over half the total volume of goods was accrued in cross-border trade via Yunnan. However, national figures on import-export volumes are derived solely from legal flows, while contraband is largely overlooked. To date, academic studies on contraband have remained insufficient, partly due to the difficulty accessing Burmese border areas, and partly due to the mere challenges in obtaining information about smuggling from those who engage in such activity. This paper, based on multiple fieldwork sites over several years, examines a particular contraband – the smuggling of Chinese motorcycles to Burma on the ‘new’ Burma Road. This shadow economy thrived between 2000 and 2014. While highlighting its economic rationality beyond state control, I attempt to make diachronic and synchronic comparisons by engaging with dialogues within the historical trading mechanism of the mule convoys in the region and also with theories of shadow economies generated from contemporary case studies in other parts of the world. I argue that the formation of this shadow economy is not haphazard but adheres to the ethos of the mule caravan trade, predicated on local knowledge and social networks.
Nutzung sportpsychologischer, psychotherapeutischer und psychiatrischer Angebote durch deutsche Kadersportlerinnen und -sportler
Authors: Ohlert Jeannine , Sulprizio Marion , Rau Thea , Allroggen Marc
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung. Spitzensportlerinnen und -sportler sind in ähnlicher Häufigkeit von psychischen Problemen betroffen wie die Normalbevölkerung. Dabei kann die Nutzung sportpsychologischer Angebote als Prävention verstanden werden, während die Inanspruchnahme von psychotherapeutischer oder psychiatrischer Hilfe die Behandlung von (sub-)klinischen Störungen zum Inhalt hat. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde eine vergleichsweise große Stichprobe von deutschen Kaderathletinnen und -athleten hinsichtlich ihrer Nutzung sportpsychologischer, psychotherapeutischer und psychiatrischer/klinischer Angebote befragt. Insgesamt ergab sich eine Nutzungsrate von 48% für die sportpsychologischen und 11% für die therapeutischen Angebote. Es zeigte sich, dass mehr Frauen als Männer auf alle Angebotsformen zugriffen, und ältere Personen eher als jüngere. Profisportlerinnen und -sportler bzw. Angehörige der Sportfördergruppen nutzten alle Angebotsformen vermehrt. Die Studie macht deutlich, dass die deutschen Kaderathletinnen und -athleten zwar bereits sportpsychologische, psychotherapeutische und psychiatrische Angebote wahrnehmen, dass die Akzeptanz aber in verschiedenen Gruppen (z.B. Männer, Jugendliche) noch verbesserbar ist, um im Sinne eines psychisch gesunden Leistungssports alle vorhandenen Ressourcen auszuschöpfen.
Starlike Brown Dwarf? Not Anymore
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: May 2017

Because of a new, surprisingly smaller mass estimate for a much-studied, nearby brown dwarf, astronomers now regard the familiar object as merely planetlike.
The Variability-Stability-Flexibility Pattern: A Possible Key to Understanding the Flexibility of the Human Mind
Authors: Ionescu Thea
Published: May 2017

Flexibility is a defining characteristic of our species. The current literature presents cognitive flexibility as having several meanings; this lack of a single definition may hinder work on understanding the concept. In this article, I begin with describing the variability–stability–flexibility pattern in the development of various abilities and then argue that as part of this chain, flexibility can be considered a property of the cognitive system and not in itself an ability. The implications of and challenges to this view are discussed. This view can foster progress in the understanding of cognitive flexibility: It can serve as a unifying framework in which to study the dynamic flow of stability and flexibility in the functioning of the cognitive system.
Rnf138 deficiency promotes apoptosis of spermatogonia in juvenile male mice
Authors: Xu Longchang , Lu Yalan , Han Deqiang , Yao Rongyan , Wang Han , Zhong Shunshun , Luo Yanyun , Han Ruiqin , Li Kai , Fu Jun , Zong Shudong , Miao Shiying , Song Wei , Wang Linfang
Published: May 2017

Spermatogenesis, the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced from a diploid precursor cell, is essential for sexual reproduction. Here, we report that RING-finger protein 138 (Rnf138) is highly expressed in testes, especially in spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The role ofRnf138in spermatogenesis was examined using aRnf138-knockout mouse model.Rnf138deficiency resulted in increased apoptosis in spermatogenic cells, loss of proliferative spermatogonia, delayed development of spermatozoa and impaired fertility. The proportion of PLZF+Ki67+ cells within the PLZF+ population decreased in the knockout mice. The phenotype was further assessed by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), which determined that the expression levels of many genes involved in spermatogenesis were altered in the testis ofRnf138-knockout mice. Thus,Rnf138deficiency promotes the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, which may have been caused by the aberrant proliferation of spermatogonia in mouse testis development.
Lhx1/5 control dendritogenesis and spine morphogenesis of Purkinje cells via regulation of Espin
Authors: Lui Nga Chu , Tam Wing Yip , Gao Caiji , Huang Jian-Dong , Wang Chi Chiu , Jiang Liwen , Yung Wing Ho , Kwan Kin Ming
Published: May 2017

In the cerebellar cortex, Purkinje cells (PCs) receive signals from different inputs through their extensively branched dendrites and serve as an integration centre. Defects in the dendritic development of PCs thus disrupt cerebellar circuitry and cause ataxia. Here we report that specific inactivation of both Lhx1 and Lhx5 in postnatal PCs results in ataxic mutant mice with abnormal dendritic development. The PCs in the mutants have reduced expression of Espin, an F-actin cytoskeleton regulator. We show that Espin expression is transcriptionally activated by Lhx1/5. Downregulation of Espin leads to F-actin mislocalization, thereby impairing dendritogenesis and dendritic spine maturation in the PCs. The mutant PCs therefore fail to form proper synapses and show aberrant electrophysiological properties. By overexpressing Espin, we can successfully rescue the defects in the mutant PCs. Our findings suggest that Lhx1/5, through regulating Espin expression, control dendritogenesis and spine morphogenesis in postnatal PCs.
Solid frustrated-Lewis-pair catalysts constructed by regulations on surface defects of porous nanorods of CeO2
Authors: Zhang Sai , Huang Zheng-Qing , Ma Yuanyuan , Gao Wei , Li Jing , Cao Fangxian , Li Lin , Chang Chun-Ran , Qu Yongquan
Published: May 2017

Identification on catalytic sites of heterogeneous catalysts at atomic level is important to understand catalytic mechanism. Surface engineering on defects of metal oxides can construct new active sites and regulate catalytic activity and selectivity. Here we outline the strategy by controlling surface defects of nanoceria to create the solid frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) metal oxide for efficient hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes. Porous nanorods of ceria (PN-CeO2) with a high concentration of surface defects construct new Lewis acidic sites by two adjacent surface Ce3+. The neighbouring surface lattice oxygen as Lewis base and constructed Lewis acid create solid FLP site due to the rigid lattice of ceria, which can easily dissociate H–H bond with low activation energy of 0.17 eV.
Histone deacetylase 10 structure and molecular function as a polyamine deacetylase
Authors: Hai Yang , Shinsky Stephen A. , Porter Nicholas J. , Christianson David W.
Published: May 2017

Cationic polyamines such as spermidine and spermine are critical in all forms of life, as they regulate the function of biological macromolecules. Intracellular polyamine metabolism is regulated by reversible acetylation and dysregulated polyamine metabolism is associated with neoplastic diseases such as colon cancer, prostate cancer and neuroblastoma. Here we report that histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) is a robust polyamine deacetylase, using recombinant enzymes from Homo sapiens (human) and Danio rerio (zebrafish). The 2.85 Å-resolution crystal structure of zebrafish HDAC10 complexed with a transition-state analogue inhibitor reveals that a glutamate gatekeeper and a sterically constricted active site confer specificity for N8-acetylspermidine hydrolysis and disfavour acetyllysine hydrolysis. Both HDAC10 and spermidine are known to promote cellular survival through autophagy. Accordingly, this work sets a foundation for studying the chemical biology of autophagy through the structure-based design of inhibitors that may also serve as new leads for cancer chemotherapy.
ASXL2 is essential for haematopoiesis and acts as a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor in leukemia
Authors: Micol Jean-Baptiste , Pastore Alessandro , Inoue Daichi , Duployez Nicolas , Kim Eunhee , Lee Stanley Chun-Wei , Durham Benjamin H. , Chung Young Rock , Cho Hana , Zhang Xiao Jing , Yoshimi Akihide , Krivtsov Andrei , Koche Richard , Solary Eric , Sinha Amit , Preudhomme Claude , Abdel-Wahab Omar
Published: May 2017

Additional sex combs-like (ASXL) proteins are mammalian homologues of additional sex combs (Asx), a regulator of trithorax and polycomb function in Drosophila. While there has been great interest in ASXL1 due to its frequent mutation in leukemia, little is known about its paralog ASXL2, which is frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia patients bearing the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (AML1-ETO) fusion. Here we report that ASXL2 is required for normal haematopoiesis with distinct, non-overlapping effects from ASXL1 and acts as a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor. While Asxl2 was required for normal haematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, Asxl2 loss promoted AML1-ETO leukemogenesis. Moreover, ASXL2 target genes strongly overlapped with those of RUNX1 and AML1-ETO and ASXL2 loss was associated with increased chromatin accessibility at putative enhancers of key leukemogenic loci. These data reveal that Asxl2 is a critical regulator of haematopoiesis and mediates transcriptional effects that promote leukemogenesis driven by AML1-ETO.
Artificial local magnetic field inhomogeneity enhances T2 relaxivity
Authors: Zhou Zijian , Tian Rui , Wang Zhenyu , Yang Zhen , Liu Yijing , Liu Gang , Wang Ruifang , Gao Jinhao , Song Jibin , Nie Liming , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: May 2017

Clustering of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is perhaps the most effective, yet intriguing strategy to enhance T2 relaxivity in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood and the attempts to generalize the classic outersphere theory from single particles to clusters have been found to be inadequate. Here we show that clustering of MNPs enhances local field inhomogeneity due to reduced field symmetry, which can be further elevated by artificially involving iron oxide NPs with heterogeneous geometries in terms of size and shape. The r2 values of iron oxide clusters and Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert simulations confirmed our hypothesis, indicating that solving magnetic field inhomogeneity may become a powerful way to build correlation between magnetization and T2 relaxivity of MNPs, especially magnetic clusters. This study provides a simple yet distinct mechanism to interpret T2 relaxivity of MNPs, which is crucial to the design of high-performance MRI contrast agents.
Selective BET bromodomain inhibition as an antifungal therapeutic strategy
Authors: Mietton Flore , Ferri Elena , Champleboux Morgane , Zala Ninon , Maubon Danièle , Zhou Yingsheng , Harbut Mike , Spittler Didier , Garnaud Cécile , Courçon Marie , Chauvel Murielle , d’Enfert Christophe , Kashemirov Boris A. , Hull Mitchell , Cornet Muriel , McKenna Charles E. , Govin Jérôme , Petosa Carlo
Published: May 2017

Invasive fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised individuals, posing an urgent need for new antifungal therapeutic strategies. Here we investigate a chromatin-interacting module, the bromodomain (BD) from the BET family of proteins, as a potential antifungal target in Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen. We show that the BET protein Bdf1 is essential in C. albicans and that mutations inactivating its two BDs result in a loss of viability in vitro and decreased virulence in mice. We report small-molecule compounds that inhibit C. albicans Bdf1 with high selectivity over human BDs. Crystal structures of the Bdf1 BDs reveal binding modes for these inhibitors that are sterically incompatible with the human BET-binding pockets. Furthermore, we report a dibenzothiazepinone compound that phenocopies the effects of a Bdf1 BD-inactivating mutation on C. albicans viability. These findings establish BET inhibition as a promising antifungal therapeutic strategy and identify Bdf1 as an antifungal drug target that can be selectively inhibited without antagonizing human BET function.
Heat guiding and focusing using ballistic phonon transport in phononic nanostructures
Authors: Anufriev Roman , Ramiere Aymeric , Maire Jeremie , Nomura Masahiro
Published: May 2017

Unlike classical heat diffusion at macroscale, nanoscale heat conduction can occur without energy dissipation because phonons can ballistically travel in straight lines for hundreds of nanometres. Nevertheless, despite recent experimental evidence of such ballistic phonon transport, control over its directionality, and thus its practical use, remains a challenge, as the directions of individual phonons are chaotic. Here, we show a method to control the directionality of ballistic phonon transport using silicon membranes with arrays of holes. First, we demonstrate that the arrays of holes form fluxes of phonons oriented in the same direction. Next, we use these nanostructures as directional sources of ballistic phonons and couple the emitted phonons into nanowires. Finally, we introduce thermal lens nanostructures, in which the emitted phonons converge at the focal point, thus focusing heat into a spot of a few hundred nanometres. These results motivate the concept of ray-like heat manipulations at the nanoscale.