bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of a serum biomarker panel in distinguishing prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia
Authors: Kiebish Michael A. , Tekumalla Poornima , Ravipaty Shobha , Dobi Albert , Srivastava Shiv , Wu Wenfang , Patil Saurabh , Friss Tracey , Klotz Allison , Srinivasan Alagarsamy , Cullen Jennifer , Rosner Inger L. , Ali Amina , Laszlo Sandra , Petrovic Michele , Fleshner Neil , Garren Jeonifer , Miller Greg , Mahaveer Chand Nischal , Rodrigues Leonardo O. , Granger Elder , Kellogg Mark D. , Luan Shen , Diamandis Eleftherios , Akmaev Viatcheslav R. , Sarangarajan Rangaprasad , Bountra Chas , Freedland Stephen J. , McLeod David G. , Narain Niven R.
Published: July 2021

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer (PCa) is limited by the lack of specificity but is further complicated in the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) population which also exhibit elevated PSA, representing a clear unmet need to distinguish BPH from PCa. Herein, we evaluated the utility of FLNA IP-MRM, age, and prostate volume to stratify men with BPH from those with PCa. Diagnostic performance of the biomarker panel was better than PSA alone in discriminating patients with negative biopsy from those with PCa, as well as those who have had multiple prior biopsies (AUC 0.75 and 0.87 compared to AUC of PSA alone 0.55 and 0.57 for patients who have had single compared to multiple negative biopsies, respectively). Of interest, in patients with PCa, the panel demonstrated improved performance than PSA alone in those with Gleason scores of 5–7 (AUC 0.76 vs. 0.56) and Gleason scores of 8–10 (AUC 0.74 vs. 0.47). With Gleason scores (8–10), the negative predictive value of the panel is 0.97, indicating potential to limit false negatives in aggressive cancers. Together, these data demonstrate the ability of the biomarker panel to perform better than PSA alone in men with BPH, thus preventing unnecessary biopsies.
Combination of neuron-specific enolase measurement and initial neurological examination for the prediction of neurological outcomes after cardiac arrest
Authors: Lee Jae Hoon , Kim Yong Hwan , Lee Jun Ho , Lee Dong Woo , Hwang Seong Youn , Youn Chun Song , Kim Ji-Hoon , Sim Min Seob , Jeung Kyung Woon
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the combination of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) measurement and initial neurological examination in predicting the neurological outcomes of patients with cardiac arrest (CA) by retrospectively analyzing data from the Korean Hypothermia Network prospective registry. NSE levels were recorded at 48 and 72 h after CA. The initial Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were recorded. These variables were categorized using the scorecard method. The primary endpoint was poor neurological outcomes at 6 months. Of the 475 patients, 171 (36%) had good neurological outcomes at 6 months. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the categorized NSE levels at 72 h, GCS score, and FOUR score were 0.889, 0.722, and 0.779, respectively. The AUCs of the combinations of categorized NSE levels at 72 h with categorized GCS scores and FOUR score were 0.910 and 0.912, respectively. Each combination was significantly higher than the AUC value of the categorized NSE level at 72 h alone (with GCS: p = 0.015; with FOUR: p = 0.026). Combining NSE measurement and initial neurological examination improved the prediction of neurological outcomes.
Mapping socioeconomic inequalities in malaria in Sub-Sahara African countries
Authors: Carrasco-Escobar Gabriel , Fornace Kimberly , Benmarhnia Tarik
Published: July 2021

Despite reductions in malaria incidence and mortality across Sub-Saharan (SSA) countries, malaria control and elimination efforts are currently facing multiple global challenges such as climate and land use change, invasive vectors, and disruptions in healthcare delivery. Although relationships between malaria risks and socioeconomic factors have been widely demonstrated, the strengths and variability of these associations have not been quantified across SSA. In this study, we used data from population-based malaria indicator surveys in SSA countries to assess spatial trends in relative and absolute socioeconomic inequalities, analyzed as social (mothers’ highest educational level—MHEL) and economic (wealth index—WI) inequalities in malaria prevalence. To capture spatial variations in socioeconomic (represented by both WI and MHEL) inequalities in malaria, we calculated both the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII) in each administrative region. We also conducted cluster analyses based on Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) to consider the spatial auto-correlation in SII and RII across regions and countries. A total of 47,404 participants in 1874 Primary Sampling Units (PSU) were analyzed across the 13 SSA countries. Our multi-country assessment provides estimations of strong socioeconomic inequalities between and within SSA countries. Such within- and between- countries inequalities varied greatly according to the socioeconomic metric and the scale used. Countries located in Eastern Africa showed a higher median Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII) in malaria prevalence relative to WI in comparison to countries in other locations across SSA. Pockets of high SII in malaria prevalence in relation to WI and MHEL were observed in the East part of Africa. This study was able to map this wide range of malaria inequality metrics at a very local scale and highlighted the spatial clustering patterns of pockets of high and low malaria inequality values.
Quantitative disease risk scores from EHR with applications to clinical risk stratification and genetic studies
Authors: Xu Danqing , Wang Chen , Khan Atlas , Shang Ning , He Zihuai , Gordon Adam , Kullo Iftikhar J. , Murphy Shawn , Ni Yizhao , Wei Wei-Qi , Gharavi Ali , Kiryluk Krzysztof , Weng Chunhua , Ionita-Laza Iuliana
Published: July 2021

Labeling clinical data from electronic health records (EHR) in health systems requires extensive knowledge of human expert, and painstaking review by clinicians. Furthermore, existing phenotyping algorithms are not uniformly applied across large datasets and can suffer from inconsistencies in case definitions across different algorithms. We describe here quantitative disease risk scores based on almost unsupervised methods that require minimal input from clinicians, can be applied to large datasets, and alleviate some of the main weaknesses of existing phenotyping algorithms. We show applications to phenotypic data on approximately 100,000 individuals in eMERGE, and focus on several complex diseases, including Chronic Kidney Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, Heart Failure, and a few others. We demonstrate that relative to existing approaches, the proposed methods have higher prediction accuracy, can better identify phenotypic features relevant to the disease under consideration, can perform better at clinical risk stratification, and can identify undiagnosed cases based on phenotypic features available in the EHR. Using genetic data from the eMERGE-seq panel that includes sequencing data for 109 genes on 21,363 individuals from multiple ethnicities, we also show how the new quantitative disease risk scores help improve the power of genetic association studies relative to the standard use of disease phenotypes. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of quantitative disease risk scores derived from rich phenotypic EHR databases to provide a more meaningful characterization of clinical risk for diseases of interest beyond the prevalent binary (case-control) classification.
Evolution of defect formation during atomically precise desulfurization of monolayer MoS2
Authors: Lee Jong-Young , Kim Jong Hun , Jung Yeonjoon , Shin June Chul , Lee Yangjin , Kim Kwanpyo , Kim Namwon , van der Zande Arend M. , Son Jangyup , Lee Gwan-Hyoung
Published: July 2021

Structural symmetry-breaking is a key strategy to modify the physical and chemical properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. However, little is known about defect formation during this process. Here, with atomic-scale microscopy, we investigate the evolution of defect formation in monolayer MoS2 exposed indirectly to hydrogen plasma. At the beginning of the treatment only top-layer sulfur atoms are removed, while vacancies and the molybdenum atomic layer are maintained. As processing continues, hexagonal-shaped nanocracks are generated along the zigzag edge during relaxation of defect-induced strain. As defect density increases, both photoluminescence and conductivity of MoS2 gradually decreases. Furthermore, MoS2 showed increased friction by 50% due to defect-induced contact stiffness. Our study reveals the details of defect formation during the desulfurization of MoS2 and helps to design the symmetry-breaking transition metal dichalcogenides, which is of relevance for applications including photocatalyst for water splitting, and Janus heterostructures.
Northern hemisphere cold air outbreaks are more likely to be severe during weak polar vortex conditions
Authors: Huang Jinlong , Hitchcock Peter , Maycock Amanda C. , McKenna Christine M. , Tian Wenshou
Published: July 2021

Severe cold air outbreaks have significant impacts on human health, energy use, agriculture, and transportation. Anomalous behavior of the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex provides an important source of subseasonal-to-seasonal predictability of Northern Hemisphere cold air outbreaks. Here, through reanalysis data for the period 1958–2019 and climate model simulations for preindustrial conditions, we show that weak stratospheric polar vortex conditions increase the risk of severe cold air outbreaks in mid-latitude East Asia by 100%, in contrast to only 40% for moderate cold air outbreaks. Such a disproportionate increase is also found in Europe, with an elevated risk persisting more than three weeks. By analysing the stream of polar cold air mass, we show that the polar vortex affects severe cold air outbreaks by modifying the inter-hemispheric transport of cold air mass. Using a novel method to assess Granger causality, we show that the polar vortex provides predictive information regarding severe cold air outbreaks over multiple regions in the Northern Hemisphere, which may help with mitigating their impact.
In Situ Forming Hydrogels
Authors: Lu Jiaju , Kong Xiangdong , Wang Xiumei
Published: July 2021

Hydrogels have attracted increasing attention in recent years for diverse biomedical applications. In situ forming hydrogels provide additional advantages over conventional hydrogels, such as ease of administration and minimally invasive treatment, which are convenient for in vivo surgical operation and improve patient compliance. Therefore, they have been extensively investigated as scaffolds or carriers of drugs, cells, and bioactive molecules. Recently, a variety of in situ forming gels have been developed through physical and/or chemical cross-linking reactions, which can respond to external stimuli, such as light, temperature, and pH. In this chapter, we present an overview of the versatile crosslinking strategies for in situ forming hydrogel fabrication and discuss their current advancements and future perspectives.
Injectable Biopolymer Hydrogels for Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyi , Lu Qingqing , Ding Zhaozhao , Cheng Weinan , Xiao Liying , Lu Qiang
Published: July 2021

Injectable hydrogels show increasing utility in regenerative medicine due to their minimal invasiveness and tunable properties. Here, we review different kinds of strategies for developing injectable hydrogels based on physical crosslinking, chemical crosslinking and cryo-gelling. Various natural and synthetic biopolymers suitable for injectable hydrogel fabrication are discussed to facilitate the choice of biopolymers in tissue engineering. The typical functionalization methods are listed to satisfy the specific requirements of different tissues. Furthermore, the recent progress in injectable hydrogels and their applications in various tissue regeneration are discussed in detail. The functional recovery of tissues through incorporating multiple cues to injectable hydrogel systems is highlighted, which suggests promising research aspects in regenerative medicine field.
Reduction of NO by diiron complexes in relation to flavodiiron nitric oxide reductases
Authors: Pal Nabhendu , Jana Manish , Majumdar Amit
Published: July 2021

A detailed analysis of the mechanism and model studies of NO reduction by flavodiiron nitric oxide reductases (FNORs) is presented.
Crystal structure prediction of energetic materials and a twisted arene with Genarris and GAtor
Authors: Bier Imanuel , O'Connor Dana , Hsieh Yun-Ting , Wen Wen , Hiszpanski Anna M. , Han T. Yong-Jin , Marom Noa
Published: July 2021

A molecular crystal structure prediction workflow, based on the random structure generator, Genarris, and the genetic algorithm (GA), GAtor, is successfully applied to two energetic materials and a chiral arene.
Ultra-wideband and wide-angle perfect solar energy absorber based on Ti nanorings surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Zhou Fengqi , Qin Feng , Yi Zao , Yao Weitang , Liu Zhimin , Wu Xianwen , Wu Pinghui
Published: July 2021

An ultra-wideband solar energy absorber composed of a Ti ring and a SiO2–Si3N4–Ti thin film is proposed. It was found that the absorption efficiency of the absorber was over 90% with a broadband of 3683 nm.
Self-sensing coaxial muscle fibers with bi-lengthwise actuation
Authors: Dong Lizhong , Ren Ming , Wang Yulian , Qiao Jian , Wu Yulong , He Jianfeng , Wei Xulin , Di Jiangtao , Li Qingwen
Published: July 2021

An MXene/SWCNTs-coated CNT@PDMS coaxial muscle fiber with bi-lengthwise actuation driven by solvent to elongate and electrothermally to contract has a linear self-position sensing signal dependent on the contraction of the muscle.
Exploring the use of upconversion nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensors: from surface modifications to point-of-care devices
Authors: Arai Marylyn S. , de Camargo Andrea S. S.
Published: July 2021

This review explores upconversion nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensors. With explanation of the mechanisms and opportunities for improvements, we present the versatility of UCNPs and how they can be applied in sensitive and selective sensing platforms.
A facile co-crystallization approach to fabricate two-component carbon dot composites showing time-dependent evolutive room temperature phosphorescence colors
Authors: Qu Jian , Zhang Xin , Zhang Shuyan , Wang Zhongjie , Yu Yejian , Ding Huajun , Tang Zhiyuan , Heng Xiangjun , Wang Ruiqi , Jing Su
Published: July 2021

Time-dependent evolutive RTP from N,S-doped carbon dots-based co-crystallizations.
Photoactive layers for photovoltaics based on near-infrared absorbing aryl-substituted naphthalocyanine complexes: preparation and investigation of properties
Authors: Dubinina Tatiana V. , Maklakov Sergey S. , Petrusevich Elizaveta F. , Borisova Nataliya E. , Trashin Stanislav A. , De Wael Karolien , Tomilova Larisa G.
Published: July 2021

Photoactive layers based on substituted naphthalocyanines and conductive polymer MEH-PPV were prepared using the spin-coating technique and their conductivity was tested in dark and under illumination.
Extracting interface correlations from the pair distribution function of composite materials
Authors: Geddes Harry S. , Hutchinson Henry D. , Ha Alex R. , Funnell Nicholas P. , Goodwin Andrew L.
Published: July 2021

Using a non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) approach, we show how the pair distribution function (PDF) of complex mixtures can be deconvolved into the contributions from the individual phase components and also the interface between phases.
Industrially promising NiCoP nanorod arrays tailored with trace W and Mo atoms for boosting large-current-density overall water splitting
Authors: Guo Xin , Li Menggang , He Lin , Geng Shuo , Tian Fenyang , Song Ying , Yang Weiwei , Yu Yongsheng
Published: July 2021

Using the classic NiCoP nanorod arrays as the basic catalyst model, we presented a trace W and Mo co-doped strategy to boost the overall water splitting electrocatalysis at an industrial current density.
Unusual interlayer coupling in layered Cu-based ternary chalcogenides CuMCh2 (M = Sb, Bi; Ch = S, Se)
Authors: Wang Dan-Dong , Gong Xin-Gao , Yang Ji-Hui
Published: July 2021

Interlayer interactions play important roles in manipulating the electronic properties of layered semiconductors.
Inhibition of off-target cleavage by RNase H using an artificial cationic oligosaccharide
Authors: Hara Rintaro Iwata , Wada Takeshi
Published: July 2021

We describe a novel strategy to inhibit off-target cleavage by RNase H using an artificial cationic oligosaccharide, which bind to DNA/RNA hybrid duplexes.
Mechanochemistry unveils stress transfer during sacrificial bond fracture of tough multiple network elastomers
Authors: Chen Yinjun , Sanoja Gabriel , Creton Costantino
Published: July 2021

The molecular level transfer of stress from a stiff percolating filler to a stretchable matrix is a crucial and generic mechanism of toughening in soft materials.
Recent advances in the photothermal applications of two-dimensional nanomaterials: photothermal therapy and beyond
Authors: Ma Hui , Xue Mianqi
Published: July 2021

The photothermal applications of 2D nanomaterials in photothermal therapy, water evaporation, thermochemical reactions, light-driven actuators, photothermal electrodes, energy storage, wearable heaters and bacterial inhibition.
Electrochemical CO2reduction: water/catalyst interfaceversuspolymer/catalyst interface
Authors: Ouyang Yixin , Zhang Yehui , Rice Peter S. , Shi Li , Wang Jinlan , Hu P.
Published: July 2021

Alkaline polymer electrolyte electrolytic cells (APEECs) have the potential to replace aqueous-phase CO2electrolyzer. Full reaction kinetics at polymer/copper interface is obtained to present a fundamental understanding of the superiority of APEECs.
Recent advances in microarray 3D bioprinting for high-throughput spheroid and tissue culture and analysis
Authors: Shrestha Sunil , Lekkala Vinod Kumar Reddy , Acharya Prabha , Siddhpura Darshita , Lee Moo-Yeal
Published: July 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture in vitro has proven to be more physiologically relevant than two-dimensional (2D) culture of cell monolayers, thus more predictive in assessing efficacy and toxicity of compounds. There have been several 3D cell culture techniques developed, which include spheroid and multicellular tissue cultures. Cell spheroids have been generated from single or multiple cell types cultured in ultralow attachment (ULA) well plates and hanging droplet plates. In general, cell spheroids are formed in a relatively short period of culture, in the absence of extracellular matrices (ECMs), via gravity-driven self-aggregation, thus having limited ability to self-organization in layered structure. On the other hand, multicellular tissue cultures including miniature tissues derived from pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells (a.k.a. ‘organoids’) and 3D bioprinted tissue constructs require biomimetic hydrogels or ECMs and show highly ordered structure due to spontaneous self-organization of cells during differentiation and maturation processes. In this short review article, we summarize traditional methods of spheroid and multicellular tissue cultures as well as their technical challenges, and introduce how droplet-based, miniature 3D bioprinting (‘microarray 3D bioprinting’) can be used to improve assay throughput and reproducibility for high-throughput, predictive screening of compounds. Several platforms including a micropillar chip and a 384-pillar plate developed to facilitate miniature spheroid and tissue cultures via microarray 3D bioprinting are introduced. We excluded microphysiological systems (MPSs) in this article although they are important tissue models to simulate multiorgan interactions.
‘EngNT’ — Engineering live neural tissue for nerve replacement
Authors: Phillips James B.
Published: July 2021

Peripheral nerve injury can result in severe long-term disability and current clinical approaches for repairing large gaps rely on the nerve autograft. Engineered Neural Tissue (EngNT) has been developed to provide living aligned therapeutic cells in a stabilised collagen hydrogel, mimicking the key features of the autograft. This Perspective article will introduce the field and discuss the current stage of translation, highlighting the key opportunities for commercial and clinical development.
A new pilot directional protection method for HVDC line based on the polarity of inductive energy
Authors: Ma Jing , Kang Jingya , Zhou Yiqing , Wu Yuchong , Cheng Peng
Published: July 2021

Concerning the poor immunity of DC line protection to fault resistance in the case of internal fault and its mal‐operation proneness in the case of external fault, a new pilot directional protection scheme for HVDC line in AC/DC hybrid system based on the polarity of inductive energy is proposed. First, by analysing the conducting state of converter at different time sections, the impedance characteristic equations of converter in different commutation failure scenes are derived. On this basis, by combining the impedance characteristics of other components in DC system, the fault component network of an AC/DC hybrid system consisting of inductive impedances is established. Then, according to the difference in the flowing direction of the inductive energy in the fault component networks of internal and external faults, a protection criterion for identifying internal and external faults is constructed. Finally, simulation tests in RT‐LAB verify that, the proposed method can accurately identify internal and external faults in different fault cases, unaffected by commutation failure and lightning interference and highly immune to the fault resistance. Besides, the proposed method does not involve real‐time interaction of synchronous information, thus it is simple and reliable.
Discrete‐time modelling and stability analysis of wireless power transfer system
Authors: Hu Xiufang , Wang Yue , Ma Tianlu , Lyu Shuangqing , Gao Guoqing , Lei Wanjun
Published: July 2021

Wireless power transfer (WPT) has been widely used in recent years due to its convenient access to power and security in some specific cases. However, the inherent non‐linearity of the WPT system can result in unexpected stability problems. In this paper, the stability issue of voltage‐mode controlled inductor‐capacitor‐capacitor and series (LCC/S) compensated WPT system is studied for the first time. The discrete‐time model is first introduced to establish the voltage‐mode proportional (P) controlled and proportional integral (PI) controlled LCC/S compensated WPT system. Meanwhile, a modelling method of PI controller without introducing new state variables is proposed in this paper. Then, with the bifurcation diagram and eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix, the stability of the LCC/S compensated WPT system is analysed with respect to the proportional coefficient and integral coefficient of the controller. Furthermore, by studying the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix, the stability boundary can be obtained. In addition, how the load and mutual inductance affect the stability boundary is investigated compressively, the law of influence provided by the operating condition upon the stability can be concluded. Finally, simulation and experimental measurements are provided to verify the accuracy of the discrete‐time model and the effectiveness of the theoretical stability analysis.
Particle-in-cell simulation of plasma emission in solar radio bursts
Authors: Li T. M. , Li C. , Chen P. F. , Ding W. J.
Published: July 2021

Aims. The present study aims to shed light on our understanding of the radiation processes of solar radio bursts associated with nonthermal electron propagation in the corona and interplanetary space.

Methods. We performed 2.5-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to investigate the plasma emission excited by a relativistic electron beam using different pitch angles in the magnetized plasma.

Results. Langmuir waves at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies were excited via the energy dissipation of the electron beam. For the first time, the backward Langmuir waves up to the third harmonic frequencies were reproduced in the cases of large pitch angles, likely arising from the relecting and scattering of density fluctuations to the Langmuir waves during electrom beam-plasma interaction. Electromagnetic (EM) waves were generated via the mode conversion of electrostatic (ES) waves and the nonlinear wave coupling. Specifically, the harmonic EM emission comes from the coupling of forward and backward Langmuir waves, namely, L + L′ → 2H, while the higher harmonic EM emissions generally come from the coupling of the Langmuir wave and lower-order harmonic EM wave, namely, L + (n − 1)H → nH. When the electron beam exhibits a large pitch angle, another possible mechanism for the third harmonic EM emission might be the coalescence of three ES waves, namely, L + L′ + L″ → 3H.
SRGA J124404.1–632232/SRGU J124403.8–632231: New X-ray pulsar discovered in the all-sky survey by the SRG
Authors: Doroshenko V. , Staubert R. , Maitra C. , Rau A. , Haberl F. , Santangelo A. , Schwope A. , Wilms J. , Buckley D. A. H. , Semena A. , Mereminskiy I. , Lutovinov A. , Gromadzki M. , Townsend L. J. , Monageng I. M.
Published: July 2021

Ongoing all-sky surveys by the eROSITA and theMikhail PavlinskyART-XC telescopes on board the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) mission have already revealed over a million of X-ray sources. One of them, SRGA J124404.1–632232/SRGU J124403.8–632231, was detected as a new source in the third (of the planned eight) consecutive X-ray surveys by ART-XC. Based on the properties of the identified optical counterpart, it was classified as a candidate X-ray binary. We report on the follow-up observations of this source with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, theNeil Gehrels SwiftObservatory, and the Southern African Large Telescope, which allowed us to unambiguously confirm the initial identification and establish SRGU J124403.8–632231 as a new X-ray pulsar with a spin period of ~538 s and a Be-star companion, making it one of the first Galactic X-ray pulsars discovered by the SRG.
R-matrix electron-impact excitation data for the O-like iso-electronic sequence
Authors: Mao Junjie , Badnell N. R. , Del Zanna G.
Published: July 2021

Context. Astrophysical plasma codes are built on atomic databases. In the current atomic databases, R-matrix electron-impact excitation data of O-like ions are limited. The accuracy of plasma diagnostics with O-like ions depends on the availability and accuracy of the atomic data. This is particularly relevant in the context of future observatories equipped with the next generation of high-resolution spectrometers.

Aims. We aim to obtain level-resolved effective collision strengths of O-like ions from Ne III to Zn XXIII (i.e. Ne2+ to Zn22+) over a wide range of temperatures. This includes transitions up to nl = 5d for each ion. We also aim to assess the accuracy of the new data, as well as their impact on solar atmosphere plasma diagnostics, compared to those available within the CHIANTI database.

Methods. Large-scale R-matrix intermediate coupling frame transformation calculations were performed systematically for the O-like iso-electronic sequence. For each ion, 630 fine-structure levels were included in both the configuration interaction target and close-coupling collision expansions.

Results. Our results (energy levels, oscillator strengths, and effective collision strengths) of selected ions across the iso-electronic sequence are compared with those in archival databases and the literature. For the selected ions throughout the iso-electronic sequence, we find general agreement with the few previous R-matrix calculations of collision strengths. We illustrate the improvements for a few solar plasma diagnostics over existing CHIANTI atomic models based on distorted wave (DW) data. The electron-impact excitation data are archived according to the Atomic Data and Analysis Structure (ADAS) data class adf04 and will be available in OPEN-ADAS.
Analysis of apsidal motion in eclipsing binaries using TESS data
Authors: Claret A. , Giménez A. , Baroch D. , Ribas I. , Morales J. C. , Anglada-Escudé G.
Published: July 2021

Context. The measurement of apsidal motion rates in eccentric eclipsing binaries is a unique way to gain insight into the internal structure of stars through the internal density concentration parameter, k2. High-quality physical parameters of the stellar components, together with precise measurements of the advance of the periastron, are needed for the comparison with values derived from models.

Aims. As a product of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, high-precision light curves of a large number of eclipsing binaries are now available. Using a selection of well-studied, double-lined eccentric eclipsing binary systems, we aim to determine their apsidal motion rates and place constraints on the internal density concentration and compare with the predictions from state-of-the-art theoretical models.

Methods. We computed times of minimum light using the TESS light curves of 34 eclipsing binaries with precise absolute parameters. We used the changing difference over time between primary and secondary eclipse timings to determine the apsidal motion rate. To extend the time baseline, we combined the high-precision TESS timings with reliable archival data. On the other hand, for each component of our sample of double-lined eclipsing binaries, we computed grids of evolutionary stellar models for the observed stellar mass exploring ranges of values of the overshooting parameter fov, the mixing-length parameter, and the metallicity. To find the best solution for the two components we adopted a χ2 statistic to infer the optimal values of the overshooting parameter and the mixing-length parameter. The theoretical internal structure constants to be compared with the observed values were calculated by integrating the differential equations of Radau for each stellar model.

Results. We have determined the apsidal motion rate of 27 double-lined eclipsing binaries with precise physical parameters. The obtained values, corrected for their relativistic contribution, yield precise empirical parameters of the internal stellar density concentration. The comparison of these results with the predictions based on new theoretical models shows very good agreement. Small deviations are identified but remain within the observational uncertainties and the path for a refined comparison is indicated.
On restarting automata with auxiliary symbols and small window size
Authors: Mráz František , Otto Friedrich
Published: July 2021

Here we show that for monotone RWW- (and RRWW-) automata, window size two is sufficient, both in the nondeterministic as well as in the deterministic case. For the former case, this is done by proving that each context-free language is already accepted by a monotone RWW-automaton of window size two. In the deterministic case, we first prove that each deterministic pushdown automaton can be simulated by a deterministic monotone RWW-automaton of window size three, and then we present a construction that transforms a deterministic monotone RWW-automaton of window size three into an equivalent automaton of the same type that has window size two. Furthermore, we study the expressive power of shrinking RWW- and RRWW-automata the window size of which is just one or two. We show that for shrinking RRWW-automata that are nondeterministic, window size one suffices, while for nondeterministic shrinking RWW-automata, we already need window size two to accept all growing context-sensitive languages. In the deterministic case, shrinking RWW- and RRWW-automata of window size one accept only regular languages, while those of window size two characterize the Church-Rosser languages.
Pavement Design in the USA
Authors: Korochkin Andrey
Published: July 2021

The methodology for calculating pavements used in the United States is discussed in this article. The article contains the principles of pavement design outlined in the manual “P. Design of New and Reconstructed Flexible Pavements. Part 3”, which are used by designers not only in the United States, but also in many countries around the world. Differences in approaches to pavement design in the Russian Federation and the United States are shown. It is marked that in difference from Russia, where requirements documents are valid on all territory of the country, in America each state develops its own requirements documentation, however the general principles of designing presented in the above-mentioned manual, remain invariable. In order to compare the pavement structures used in Russia and the USA the author has given examples of constructions developed on the basis of the US guidelines and has shown the main differences of these constructions from those which are traditionally applied in our road construction. In addition, the author draws attention to the fact that in contrast to Russia in the U.S. roads usually have a non-rigid type of pavement, which significantly increases their strength and durability
Directions for the implementation of information technologies in transport
Authors: Novikov Ivan , Konev Alexey , Zagorodny Nikolay , Semykina Alla
Published: July 2021

The article presents an analytical review of information technologies in transport, identifies key areas, perspective development prospects.
Improving the level of psychological preparation of potential drivers
Authors: Zelikov Vladimir , Klimova Galina , Artemov Alexander , Zelikova Natalia
Published: July 2021

The article provides methods of improving the quality of psychological preparation have been considered to ensure road transport safety. A set of measures has been proposed to reduce the number of emergency situations at the following stages: admission to a driving school (stage 1), during the period of study (stage 2), at the beginning of professional activity (stage 3) and in the process of professional activity (stage 4). The mechanism of assessment formation of professional driver suitability by psychophysiological indicators for domestic and international trips in modern traffic management conditions has been considered. The methodology for evaluating professional driver suitability and, accordingly, the selection of drivers by psychological indicators has been suggested.
Fuzzy modeling of the road traffic hazard level
Authors: Pechatnova Elena , Kuznetsov Vasily , Safronov Kirill
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the author's concept development of the short-term road safety management on the federal roads in Russia. The results of development the rule for calculating hazard level depending on the road accidents risk are presented. The mathematical basis of the research is fuzzy modeling. The main stages of modeling are performed using the FisPro software. The concept of acceptable risk has been implemented based on the target values of state programs to improve traffic safety. The developed rule base is the basis for determining the hazard level, which can be the basis for calculating the main parameter of short-term road safety management – the hazard level.
Formation of professional skills the system of driver training
Authors: Ageev Evgeny , Novikov Alexander , Vinogradov Evgeny
Published: July 2021

The article presents a structural diagram of the driver’s activity associated with driving a car, identifies the factors that affect the reliability of the driver’s actions, contributing to the prediction of road accidents in road transport, and addresses the issues of indicators of actions performed when driving a car in the system of professional training of drivers. The article presents the methodology of training on the training complex, which allows you to determine the indicator of professional skill of safe driving, focused on creating a structure of the main elements that affect the quality of safe behavior on the road and the reliability of the actions performed associated with the preparation for independent work.
Qualitative assessment of the composition of the traffic flow
Authors: Shevtsova Anastasia , Burlutskaya Alina
Published: July 2021

The car park is growing at a rapid pace every year. According to the official statistics of the traffic police service, on the roads of the Russian Federation, mainly passenger vehicles prevail, accounting for 80-90% of the total number of cars. Passenger vehicles include a large number of various vehicles that differ from each other in design and technical parameters, with an overall length of 2.5 m to 5.8 m. The difference in overall length affects the value of the dynamic dimension and, accordingly, the throughput of the road network, which requires constant monitoring and improvement, especially when using technical traffic control systems. It is necessary to consider the influence of the main parameters of the traffic flow when calculating the saturation flow at an intersection controlled by a traffic light object.
Possibilities of eliminating ineffective alternatives in the multi-criteria selection of counterparties for horizontal cooperation
Authors: Brodetskiy Gennady , Gerami Victoria , Gusev Denis
Published: July 2021

The report presents an approach to the filtration of alternatives when choosing a counterparty for horizontal cooperation based on multiple criteria. Filtration procedures precede the optimization procedures for multi-criteria decisions. The filtration is based on the theory of binary relations and preserves only alternatives-majorants in relation to a strict order according to a given criterion. Presented approach eliminates ineffective alternatives without significant quality degradation of the resulting choice. These procedures are implemented in a numerical example for the following generalized selection criteria: scalar; ideal point; geometric mean.
Information parameters of transport technology for choosing the optimal car route
Authors: Barykin Aleksey , Galiyev Radik , Nuretdinov Damir
Published: July 2021

In modern society are widely used innovative technologies in transport management. It is known that a significant part of the cargo turnover is carried out by road transport. Therefore, the use of various digital and information methods that ensure high productivity and cost-effectiveness of cargo delivery is highly relevant. Increasing the share of transportation costs in the total cost of goods produced using methods of logistic analysis to improve the efficiency of freight traffic. A significant role in this process is played by modern innovative technologies that make it possible to monitor the conditions of the transport process and select the optimal option for cargo delivery.
Composite sorbent for liquidation of oil pollution
Authors: Isaeva Irina , Odinokova Irina , Ostaeva Galina , Eliseeva Ekaterina
Published: July 2021

A method of effective elimination and localization of oil spills using a composite sorbent has been developed. The resulting material consists of polymer waste, mineral filler and surfactant. Due to the peculiarities of the method, the resulting sorbent allows the utilization of polymer waste and has a high oil capacity. The size of the sorbent can vary depending on the specified parameters, what simplifies storage and application.
Mathematical support to make managerial decisions in the socio-economic systems of public transport enterprises
Authors: Shtepa Alexey , Belokurov Vladimir , Busarin Eduard
Published: July 2021

The structure of the management system of a public transport enterprise is determined by the services of different functional load. Such a structure includes operational and technical and economic blocks. They can function effectively only on the basis of fast and correct managerial decisions concerning the structure of the management system of a public transport enterprise. The relevance of making thoughtful and well-grounded management decisions is dictated by the requirements to take into consideration many both macro- and microeconomic factors. In this regard, the introduction of modern management methods makes it possible to implement the principle «What to do in order to ...». The article is devoted to the mathematical modeling of the processes of a public transport enterprise to support management decisions in the field of effective enterprise planning. Such tasks can be implemented only with a systematic approach to the economic activity of a public transport enterprise and modeling both individual subsystems and the development of the enterprise system as a whole. The solution of the problems posed is proposed on the basis of the group arguments consideration method.
Improving traffic management through the use of intelligent transport systems
Authors: Kambur Alina , Kushchenko Liliya , Novikov Ivan
Published: July 2021

The high degree of the trend in the development of the car park leads to significant problems: an increase in road accidents; reduced bandwidth, especially during peak hours; overrun and loss of time by road users; overconsumption of fuel and, as a result, deterioration of the environmental situation. One of the ways to solve the problem of traffic management is the use of intelligent transport systems (ITS). Examples of the use of ITS in various countries are given, improvements in the use of systems are considered. The system “Auto-Intellect” used on the territory of the Russian Federation is considered. On the example of the city of Belgorod, a method is proposed for using ITS by prohibiting vehicles from entering the city, taking into account certain state license plates.
Systematization of development transport systems indicators on the aviation example
Authors: Borodina Olga , Shatalova Natalya
Published: July 2021

The publication proposes a functional diagram of the connection of the air navigation system to the unified transport system as a subsystem for providing air transportation. This paper consists an analysis of the transport system development factors: goals and principles of building an air navigation system; activities of the trust and alliance in the domestic air transportation market; the need to determine the catchment areas of transport infrastructures. The main result of this publication is the concept of air navigation system development. It is given the concept of mathematical model indicators connection of air navigation system. The list of indicators is given, table “Proposed and real goals of the air navigation system”, figure – ‘Network indicator structure’.
Development of control systems and safety devices for solving the problems of digital transformation of the transport complex
Authors: Kosmodamianskiy Andrey , Kapustin Mikhail , Malakhov Sergey
Published: July 2021

The article considers the challenges facing the transport complex, in particular, at the stage of digital transformation. The directions of development of the transport complex are defined, including the creation of a highly effective "trusted environment". The reasons why the transition to a new paradigm of building transport control systems and safety devices of a new generation is extremely necessary are identified and analyzed. The basic principles and architecture of the basic platform for advanced control systems, safety and diagnostics of traction rolling stock are formulated and justified.
Some aspects of using it-systems for logistics and cargo transportation
Authors: Rudakova Olga , Terekhova Lidia , Aleksakhin Aleksandr , Pianova Nataliya
Published: July 2021

Modern management of transport systems is characterized by the use of special automated and information systems. Along with them, digital technologies are gradually being used to bring the model of transport system management to a qualitatively new level. The use of multifunctional systems elevates the development of digital and information technologies of vehicle control.
Environmental problems of using digital and information technologies in automobile transport
Authors: Trofimenko Yuri
Published: July 2021

The use of digital and information technologies in automobile transport leads to the transformation and expansion of the environmental research problem field, because of the need to ensure sustainable development and to improve people’s quality of life. It is necessary to learn how to manage the mobility (transport demand and transport behavior) of each resident in real time, offering him a choice of a limited set of transport behavior stereotypes. These stereotypes shall be based on the technologically sound code of ethics according to the need of ensuring the transport system environmental sustainability. The formation of a unified digital information environment for transport activities will allow the use of virtual and augmented reality technologies to manage population mobility by developing: systems for monitoring the impact of transport facilities on the natural and social environment; platform solutions of digital twins of roadside ecosystems, means of environmental engineering protection for use in digital models of road facilities, intelligent transport systems of traffic management; symbiotic man-machine management systems of transportation facilities. In case of the successful implementation of symbiotic man-machine management systems in the future transport facilities there are two ways for the motor-vehicle industry: either to create fully autonomous commercial transport, or to focus on symbiotic man-machine management systems of transportation facilities, which make the most of the driver's intellectual potential in decision-making. In our opinion, the second way is preferable in terms of safety, human movement comfort, habitat’s quality of public transport. The first way seems to be more efficient and safer for freight transport.
Practical applications of fuzzy set theory in flight safety management
Authors: Sharov Valeriy , Polyakov Pavel , Tolstykh Sergei
Published: July 2021

Risk management is a core of Safety Management System (SMS) of airline. It works in high level of uncertainty and is dealing with variety of information which is fuzzy in nature. So the fuzzy set theory (FST) is natural instrument that should be applied for solving problems that SMS faced with. The article provides a brief overview of examples of the use of FST elements in safety risk management, presents the results of processing expert surveys using fuzzy methods, and describes the developed practical method for assessing the index of probability of an aviation event based on the fuzzy inference technology.
2D linear finite element simulation of laser metal heating for digital twins
Authors: Montoya-Zapata Diego , Rodríguez Juan M. , Moreno Aitor , Posada Jorge , Ruiz-Salguero Oscar
Published: July 2021

In the context of laser-based additive manufacturing, the thermal behavior of the substrate is relevant to define process parameters vis-à-vis piece quality. The existing literature focuses on two process variables: (a) lumped laser power and (b) process speed. However, this literature does not consider other variables, such as those related to the laser power distribution. To fill this vacuum, this manuscript includes the laser power spatial distributions (Gaussian, uniform circular and uniform rectangular) in addition to (a) and (b) above in 2D linear substrate heating simulations. The laser energy is modeled as a time dependent heat flux boundary condition on top of the domain. The total laser delivered power was identical for all spatial distributions. The results show that the laser intensity spatial distribution strongly affects the maximum temperature, and the depth and width of the heat affected zone. These 2D finite element simulations prove to be good options for digital twin based design environments, due to their simplicity and reasonable temperature error, compared to non-linear analysis (considered as ground truth for this case). Future publications address non-linear finite element simulations of the laser heating process (including convection and radiation and temperature dependent substrate properties).