bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidative metabolism of neonatal and adult rabbit lung macrophages stimulated with opsonized group B streptococci
Authors: Sherman M P , Lehrer R I
Published: January 2020

We compared the oxidative metabolism of alveolar macrophages (AM) from adult and neonatal (1- and 7-day-old) rabbits before and after their in vitro exposure to type Ia group B streptococci (GBS) opsonized with immune rabbit serum. Nonstimulated AM from 1-day-old, 7-day-old, or adult rabbits consumed O2 at a rate of 17 to 20 nmol/10(6) AM per 10 min under basal conditions and released minimal amounts of superoxide (O2-) into the medium. Approximately 80% of this basal respiration was of mitochondrial origin, based on its inhibition by NaCN. Exposure to GBS opsonized with immune rabbit serum stimulated O2 consumption approximately half as effectively in the neonatal AM as in the adult AM. Little O2- was released into the medium unless the cells were pretreated with dihydrocytochalasin B. Under such conditions, 1-day-old, 7-day-old, and adult AM released 3.6, 5.3, and 13.9 nmol of O2-/10(6) AM per 10 min, respectively. The uptake of opsonized GBS by 1-day-old AM was not affected by 1 mM NaCN, whereas phagocytosis by adult AM was substantially reduced under these conditions. Overall, our findings suggest that neonatal AM have less-well-developed postphagocytic oxidative metabolic responses and release less superoxide after exposure to opsonized GBS than do adult AM. They also demonstrate that the energy for phagocytosis is derived principally from mitochondrial metabolism in adult AM but not in neonatal AM. We conclude that metabolic differences between neonatal and adult AM may contribute to neonatal pulmonary susceptibility to GBS infections and account, in part, for the ability of GBS to succeed as neonatal pulmonary pathogens.
Mitos, arquétipos e novas representações de gênero em contos juvenis contemporâneos
Authors: Soares Livia Maria Rosa
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho pretende analisar a influência mítica e simbólica nos contos juvenis Maria, Maria e Com sua voz de mulher de Marina Colasanti. A partir disso, se pretende investigar como as identidades de gênero se atualizam e são reafirmadas a partir das metáforas e alegorias presentes nas narrativas juvenis contemporâneas, uma vez que elas redimensionam as representações dos papéis de gênero na pós-modernidade. Assim, ao relacionarmos as identidades femininas em tempos e espaços distintos em narrativas ficcionais, julgamos avançar no desvendamento das máscaras ideológicas reproduzidas em épocas distintas e entender como esses contos contribuem para o entendimento dos embates ideológicos vivenciados socialmente.
O modo de vida dos hobbits no legendário de Tolkien
Authors: Nazário Ismael Arruda , Ponte Charles Albuquerque
Published: January 2020

O presente ensaio tem por finalidade caracterizar o modo de vida dos hobbits no legendário de Tolkien. Para tanto, tomamos como referência as obras O Hobbit (2002-a) e O Senhor dos Anéis (2002-b) como corpus de pesquisa, e as analisamos na perspectiva da estética marxista, em especial, da teoria do Reflexo, discutidos por Lukács (2010). Procuramos relacionar alguns aspectos da sociedade dos hobbits com a sociedade europeia medieval da Alta Idade Média, figurada por Ginzburg (2010) em O queijo e os Vermes.
Os perigos da curiosidade: uma leitura de “Cachinhos Dourados e os Três Ursos” de Roald Dahl
Authors: Alcantara Valquiria Pereira
Published: January 2020

Ao longo do tempo, inúmeras versões dos contos de fadas foram e continuam sendo publicadas e em nosso trabalho propomos um estudo comparativo da versão dahliana de “Cachinhos Dourados e os Três Ursos” em língua inglesa com a tradução para a língua portuguesa publicada no Brasil. Nosso objetivo é observar como ambos os textos verbais dialogam com as ilustrações de Quentin Blake, pois partimos do pressuposto de que o efeito cômico está ancorado na interação entre o texto verbal e as ilustrações. Em nossa análise observamos, principalmente, as funções e relações que se estabelecem entre os textos verbal e visual descritas pela pesquisadora Sophie Van der Linden, que se dedica ao estudo do livro ilustrado, bem como os estudos de Zohar Shavit a respeito da tradução de literatura infantil. Como resultado buscamos uma melhor compreensão da articulação que se estabelece entre o texto verbal e o visual uma vez que a presença da ilustração é de suma importância no âmbito da literatura infantil.
Of Magic Rings and Talking Lions
Authors: Rocha Fabian Quevedo da
Published: January 2020

This article discusses J. R. R. Tolkien's and C. S. Lewis's understanding of the social function of fairy tales. The topic is approached through the study of Tolkien's essay "On Fairy Stories" and Lewis's book On Stories: and other essays on literature. To illustrate these scholars' arguments, this research draws on examples from their fictional works The Lord of the Rings and The Chronicles of Narnia. At the end of the work, it is argued that the everlasting appeal and relevance of fairy stories are connected to specific characteristics inherent to the genre.
Urdiduras da condição social feminina em contos maravilhosos: uma análise comparativa de Rumpelstiltskin e A moça tecelã
Authors: Chiari Gisele Gemmi
Published: January 2020

A proposta do estudo é comparar a versão literária escrita pelos irmãos Grimm do conto tradicional Rumpelstiltskin com o conhecido texto de Marina Colasanti, A moça tecelã. Além das simetrias mais perceptíveis entre os dois escritos, como a presença do maravilhoso e da protagonista tecelã, também serão consideradas as diferenças entre ambos com base numa perspectiva histórico-social evidenciando, sobretudo, como o sistema patriarcal é determinante para as ações das personagens.
Made in Patriarchy II: Researching (or Re-Searching) Women and Design
Authors: Buckley Cheryl
Published: January 2020

Reflecting on arguments proposed in the article “Made in Patriarchy” ( Design Issues 1986), this article proposes that by re-viewing and re-searching design through the lens of women's experiences, we can think again about what design means and who does it to understand the potential of design as a vital component of heterogeneous everyday lives.
Gene Transfer in Rodent Nervous Tissue Following Hindlimb Intramuscular Delivery of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes AAV2/6, AAV2/8, and AAV2/9
Authors: Jan Asad , Richner Mette , Vægter Christian B , Nyengaard Jens R , Jensen Poul H
Published: January 2020

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors have emerged as the safe vehicles of choice for long-term gene transfer in mammalian nervous system. Recombinant adeno-associated virus–mediated localized gene transfer in adult nervous system following direct inoculation, that is, intracerebral or intrathecal, is well documented. However, recombinant adeno-associated virus delivery in defined neuronal populations in adult animals using less-invasive methods as well as avoiding ectopic gene expression following systemic inoculation remain challenging. Harnessing the capability of some recombinant adeno-associated virus serotypes for retrograde transduction may potentially address such limitations (Note: The term retrograde transduction in this manuscript refers to the uptake of injected recombinant adeno-associated virus particles at nerve terminals, retrograde transport, and subsequent transduction of nerve cell soma). In some studies, recombinant adeno-associated virus serotypes 2/6, 2/8, and 2/9 have been shown to exhibit transduction of connected neuroanatomical tracts in adult animals following lower limb intramuscular recombinant adeno-associated virus delivery in a pattern suggestive of retrograde transduction. However, an extensive side-by-side comparison of these serotypes following intramuscular delivery regarding tissue viral load, and the effect of promoter on transgene expression, has not been performed. Hence, we delivered recombinant adeno-associated virus serotypes 2/6, 2/8, or 2/9 encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), under the control of either cytomegalovirus (CMV) or human synapsin (hSyn) promoter, via a single unilateral hindlimb intramuscular injection in the bicep femoris of adult C57BL/6J mice. Four weeks post injection, we quantified viral load and transgene (enhanced green fluorescent protein) expression in muscle and related nervous tissues. Our data show that the select recombinant adeno-associated virus serotypes transduce sciatic nerve and groups of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia on the injected side, indicating that the intramuscular recombinant adeno-associated virus delivery is useful for achieving gene transfer in local neuroanatomical tracts. We also observed sparse recombinant adeno-associated virus viral delivery or eGFP transduction in lumbar spinal cord and a noticeable lack thereof in brain. Therefore, further improvements in recombinant adeno-associated virus design are warranted to achieve efficient widespread retrograde transduction following intramuscular and possibly other peripheral routes of delivery.
Ooidal ironstones in the Meso-Cenozoic sequences in western Siberia: assessment of formation processes and relationship with regional and global earth processes
Authors: Rudmin Maxim , Banerjee Santanu , Abdullayev Elshan , Ruban Aleksey , Filimonenko Ekaterina , Lyapina Elena , Kashapov Roman , Mazurov Aleksey
Published: January 2020

This study investigates the process of formation of ooidal ironstones in the Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene succession in western Siberia. The formation of such carbonate-based ironstones is a continuing problem in sedimentary geology, and in this study, we use a variety of data and proxies assembled from core samples to develop a model to explain how the ooidal ironstones formed. Research on pyrite framboids and geochemical redox proxies reveals three intervals of oceanic hypoxia during the deposition of marine ooidal ironstones in the Late Cretaceous to the Early Paleogene Bakchar ironstone deposit in western Siberia; the absence of pyrite indicates oxic conditions for the remaining sequence. While goethite formed in oxic depositional condition, chamosite, pyrite and siderite represented hypoxic seawater. Euhedral pyrite crystals form through a series of transition originating from massive aggregate followed by normal and polygonal framboid. Sediments associated with goethite-chamosite ironstones, encompassing hypoxic intervals exhibit positive cerium, negative europium, and negative yttrium anomalies. Mercury anomalies, associated with the initial stages of hypoxia, correlate with global volcanic events. Redox sensitive proxies and ore mineral assemblages of deposits reflect hydrothermal activation. Rifting and global volcanism possibly induced hydrothermal convection in the sedimentary cover of western Siberia, and released iron-rich fluid and methane in coastal and shallow marine environments. This investigation, therefore, reveals a potential geological connection between Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), marine hypoxia, rifting and the formation of ooidal ironstones in ancient West Siberian Sea.
Why surgeons choose their specialty
Authors: Court S
Published: January 2020

Surgeons discuss what influenced their choice of specialty, and how they made their decision.
Spotlight on the Collections
Authors: Deane Alice
Published: January 2020

Fredrick Thomas’ last hours
How was that for you? PROMs and PREMs for paediatric dental treatment under general anaesthesia
Authors: Patrick Amy , Kandiah Thayalan
Published: January 2020

With the number one reason for child admission to hospital in the UK being dental treatment and with anxiety towards the profession as a whole, efforts to improve outcome and experience could result in better long-term oral care.
Back to the future: revisiting oral carcinogenesis, stem cells and epithelial cell proliferation
Authors: Thomson Peter
Published: January 2020

How have revolutionary cell proliferation theories progressed over the past 30 years?
Repression, solidarity, and a legacy of violence: Spanish anarcho-syndicalism and the years of 'pistolerismo', 1919–231
Authors: Andrews Nathaniel
Published: January 2020

During the First World War, the Spanish Labour Movement gained steadily in strength, and by 1919 the CNT (National Confederation of Labour) had over 700,000 affiliates. However, the ascendance of the anarcho-syndicalist movement met with severe government repression, especially in Catalonia. In November 1920, the authorities unleashed an all-out offensive against the CNT, arresting members and ordering raids of union offices. Shootings between anarchists and the hired guns of the employer class occurred with increasing regularity, and anarchists were frequently arrested and tortured by the authorities. Whilst acknowledging the difficulties that militants faced during these years, and the damage that the violence did to the movement in the long term, this article assesses the ways in which militants resisted the repression, and the symbolic importance that the anarchist action groups assumed for militants in later struggles.
Performance, performativity and melodrama as dramatic substance in Hindi film song sequences
Authors: Morcom Anna
Published: January 2020

In this article, I explore the dramatic substance of Hindi film songs through an approach based in performance studies, which presents performance as the very stuff of social life, social identities and social power. Given this, the enactment of song sequences in the Hindi film narrative cannot be dramatically benign, or just excess, or just pleasure (however intense). I describe how song sequences perform and thereby manifest and reify love and romance in the film narrative. Using work on public spectacle and power by Foucault and the public sphere by Vasudevan, I further analyse how they connect the public, emotions of love, and social or familial struggle in various ways, embodying key nodes of melodrama. I then reflect, in these terms, on the recent curtailment of performed songs in Hindi films. I thereby present a new method for analysing the dramatic agency of screened or background songs in films.
Making the nation manly: The case of Bhaag Milkha Bhaag (2013) and India's search for regional dominance in an era of neo-liberal globalization
Authors: Banerjee Sikata , Williams Rina Verma
Published: January 2020

This article unpacks a particular gendered vision of nation that we term muscular nationalism. Briefly put, muscular nationalism is an intersection of a specific vision of masculinity with the political doctrine of nationalism. This idea of nation is animated by an idea of manhood associated with martial prowess, muscular strength and toughness. A particular interpretation of muscular nationalism has unfolded in India within a cultural milieu shaped by an assertive self-confidence fuelled by 'liberalization', a process by which India has been integrated into the global political economy, coupled with the prominence of Hindu nationalist politics. India's prolific commercial film industry centred in Mumbai has used images of manhood to express and valorize these cultural changes. We use the popular and critically acclaimed film Bhaag Milkha Bhaag (2013), directed by Rakesh Omprakash Mehra, to illustrate how athleticism and India's desire for regional dominance in South Asia shape muscular nationalism.
Склонение к совершению самоубийства / доведение до самоубийства: лингвистическая трактовка дифференциации содержания ст. 110 и ст.110.1. УК РФ
Authors: Ivanenko Galina
Published: January 2020

В  исследовании представлено лингвистическое толкование двух статей уголовного кодекса РФ, посвященных различным видам побуждения к самоубийству: статья 110. Доведение до самоубийства (в ред. Федерального закона от 07.06.2017 N 120-ФЗ) и статья 110.1. Склонение к совершению самоубийства или содействие совершению самоубийства (введена Федеральным законом от 07.06.2017 N 120-ФЗ. На основе изучения содержания судебных процессов рассматриваемого типа выявлена зона конфликтности, связанная с интерпретаций ключевых понятий законодательных актов. В результате сравнения языковых формулировок, использованных для характеристики деяния и средств его осуществления, устанавливается смысл, извлекаемый из текстов статей  по законам языка.  Во-первых, довести до самоубийства, то есть привести к лишению жизни, –обозначение самых разнообразных действий, а склонить, то есть «убедить», – действие исключительно речевое. Во-вторых, понятия «склонение» и  «способствование» предполагают мирный, внешне комфортный характер вредоносного деяния, а «доведение до самоубийства», напротив, причинение страдания. Склонение и способствование (ст.110.1.) – это прежде всего интеллектуальное (психологическое, речевое) преступление по формированию сознания. Это либо  становление мировоззренческой картины, в которой отказ от бытия является достойным выбором, либо создание мотивации для ухода из жизни (подкуп), либо обман (пояснение законодателем и практика правоприменения отсутствует). Доведение же до самоубийства (с.110) – насильственное действие,  причиняющее моральный  или физический вред и тем самым снижающее ценность жизни. И, наконец, сама языковая форма слов обусловливает трактовку: «доведение до…» – обязательно результативное действие (суицид совершился или предпринята попытка), склонение – деяние, не требующее обязательного результата.
Межведомственный круглый стол с международным участием «Проблемы следственной, экспертной практики и пути их решения»
Authors: Koryakovtsev Andrey
Published: January 2020

24 октября 2019 года в Барнаульском юридическом институте Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации состоялся межведомственный круглый стол с международным участием «Проблемы следственной, экспертной практики и пути их решения». Предметом обсуждения стали вопросы назначения, производства и последующего применения экспертиз по материалам, содержащим признаки преступлений против чести и достоинства личности. В ходе круглого стола были рассмотрены вопросы, касающиеся предварительной работы следователя, дознавателя, участкового уполномоченного полиции с материалами, содержащими признаки клеветы, оскорбления, их доэкспертной оценки при назначении лингвистических экспертиз и исследований. Участники круглого стола обсудили меры по повышению эффективности использования специальных лингвистических знаний в ходе раскрытия и расследования преступлений, а также возможности сокращения сроков производства лингвистических экспертиз и исследований.
Evolution of Anthropometry in Malnutrition
Authors: Phadke M. , Nair R. , Menon P. , Singal V.
Published: January 2020

The present paper describes the significance of anthropometric measurements in detecting nutritional status of individuals, specially children. It highlights evolution of anthropometry, discusses importance of various measurements & their role in determining undernutrition & obesity. There is a need to have one measurement to detect obesity & undernutrition both. An ideal such measure is yet to be established.
Sengstaken-Blakemore Tube as a Rescue Treatment for Hemorrhagic Shock Secondary to Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding Erosion
Authors: Evans Gretchen , Eagon J. Christopher , Kushnir Vladmir
Published: January 2020

Gastrointestinal bleeding is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) erosion. We present the use of a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube as a treatment device for severe gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to persistent LAGB erosion. A 72-year-old woman post-LAGB placement presented with hemorrhagic shock from gastric band erosion that was not responsive to endoscopic and angiographic interventions. A salvage attempt to tamponade with a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube resulted in successful resuscitation of the patient. When used judiciously, balloon tamponade serves as a replicable technique to control severe gastric band erosion refractory to standard management.
Ponge en la revista Sur. Notas de lectura
Authors: Ortiz Mario
Published: January 2020

Entre 1945 y 1954, la revista Sur publicó a Francis Ponge en tres oportunidades y editó dos ensayos sobre su poesía. Son las primeras traducciones en la Argentina de un poeta que en la propia Francia sería leído en profundidad a partir de 1950 mientras que en la Argentina debió esperar hasta la década de 1990 para encontrar una recepción productiva. Estas traducciones pioneras llevan a preguntarnos en qué circunstancias de la propia revista se produjo el acceso casi inmediato a una obra que recién se estaba dando a conocer en su país de origen y que apenas comenzaba su proceso de consolidación. Nuestro recorrido de lectura pretende reseñar la presencia de Ponge en Sur y las diversas razones que motivaron el interés por el poeta en esta revista.
Comunidad
Authors: Torres Reca Guillermina
Published: January 2020

Entrada del término "Comunidad" en el Indiccionario de lo contemporâneo (Celia Pedrosa, Diana Klinger, Jorge Wolff, Mario Cámara, Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG, 2018, 55–95). Traducción de Guillermina Torres Reca.
On the Coincidence of Logic with Dialectics and the Theory of Knowledge of Materialism
Authors: Ilyenkov Evald
Published: January 2020

In this reprint of "On the Coincidence of Logic with Dialectics and the Theory of Knowledge of Materialism," Evald Ilyenkov discusses the idea of the coincidence of dialectics, logics, and theory of knowledge—one of the hallmarks of the Ilyenkovian current in post-Stalin Soviet philosophy. Ilyenkov was a renowned and controversial Soviet Marxist philosopher who contributed substantially to the Marx Renaissance that emerged in the so-called Thaw Period, aiming to reconstruct Marx's original methodology. He was known as an ardent critic of technocratic tendencies in the Soviet Union and stressed that socialist society should express humanist values and not merely be an engineering project.
Interrogating the Cultural Production of Mexico
Authors: Napoletano Brian M.
Published: January 2020

As part of a deconstruction of national identity, Jennifer Jolly, in her Creating Pátzcuaro, Creating Mexico: Art, Tourism, and Nation Building under Lázaro Cárdenas, analyzes the tourist town of Pátzcuaro in the west-central Mexican state of Michoacán as a microcosm of cultural power in which tourism, art, history, and ethnicity were woven together under the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas del Río (1934–40).
Comparative assessment of physiological and biochemical changes in the selected plant species growing under hydrocarbon stress
Authors: Panwar Ritu , Mathur Jyoti
Published: January 2020

Hydrocarbons have become a serious environmental problem due to industrialization and extensive use of vehicles. Various plant species shows a range of stress responses and adaptations to survive in hydrocarbon stress. This study was conducted to investigate the comparative phytotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on plants growing under hydrocarbon stress on the germination and to evaluate the response on seedling growth. For the study, two crop plant species (Brassica juncea L. Czern., and Triticum aestivum L.) and two ornamental plant species (Tagetes erecta L. and Helianthus annuus L.) were taken. Pot experiments were conducted in triplicates of 10 days old seedlings treated with 5, 20, 50 & 100 mg kg-1 concentrations of hydrocarbons. After 20 days, biochemical analysis and antioxidant enzyme activity of these plants were studied. Polyphenol and proline increased with increasing concentration of hydrocarbons which were maximum in H. annuus with 0.909 mg g-1 polyphenol and 0.732 µmol g-1 proline at 100 mg kg-1. Increase in antioxidant enzymatic activities was observed with increasing concentration. H. annuus showed maximum activity at 100 ppm which was ascorbate peroxidase (20.37 Unit g-1 FW), peroxidase (0.212 Unit g-1 FW) and superoxide dismutase (2.13 Unit g-1 FW). HPLC analysis in plants and soil provided the concentration of hydrocarbons present in plants species after 20 days taken up from the treated soil. Plants cultivated in 100 mg kg-1 concentration were analysed and the lowest toxicity observed in H. annuus which was 3.013 mg kg-1 Naphthalene, 7.750 mg kg-1 Phenanthrene and 5.691 mg kg-1 Anthracene while highest toxicity was observed in Tagetes at 8.476 mg kg-1 Naphthalene, 0.398 mg kg-1 Phenanthrene and 0.416 mg kg-1 Anthracene. These results suggested that H. annuus can be adopted in phytoremediation of hydrocarbons soil.
Enhancement of lipase production by ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis of soil fungal isolate
Authors: Shreya ` , Sharma Arun Kumar , Ritika ` , Bhati Nikita
Published: January 2020

Strain improvement through random mutagenesis is an extremely developed practice and it plays an important role in the economic growth of microbial agitation processes. The present study comprises of genetic improvement of fungus isolated from petrol pump soil by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis for increased production of extracellular lipase. Random mutagenesis was performed by incubating the spore suspension of fungus with EMS at a concentration of 5% (v/v) and 8% (v/v) for 30, 60 and 90 min, respectively. Control set was prepared by incubating the spore suspension with sterile distilled water. Control plate showed maximum number of fungal colonies whereas number of colonies was decreased as we increased exposure time of EMS from 30 to 90 min. The lipase activity of six mutagenic strains and wild strain was determined under submerged fermentation and solid state fermentation. Treated culture named as EMS5%-60min (obtained after 60 min exposure with 5% EMS) exhibited maximum activity (32.09 ± 1.84 IU/ml/min) in SmF as compared to wild strain (8.77 ± 3.52 IU/ml/min) and another treated strain named as EMS8%-90min (obtained after 90 min exposure with 8% EMS) exhibited maximum activity (7.99 ± 0.12 IU/g/min) in SSF as compared to wild strain (1.77 ± 0.71 IU/g/min). The activity of mutagenic strain i.e. EMS5%-60min was increased to 365.90% as compared to 100% activity of wild strain in SmF whereas activity of another mutagenic strain i.e. EMS8%-90min was increased to 451.41% as compared to 100% activity of wild strain in SSF.
Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
Authors: Reka Arianit A. , Pavlovski Blagoj , Ademi Egzon , Jashari Ahmed , Boev Blazo , Boev Ivan , Makreski Petre
Published: January 2020

Trepel is the local name for a mixture of diatomaceous earth and clay minerals. It represents a greyish, soft, very light, weakly cemented, fine biogenetic sedimentary rock. The studied material is taken from the vicinity of Bitola city (Republic of Macedonia). Here, trepel was treated up to three temperature intervals (800, 1000 and 1200C) for a period of 1 hour. The X-ray powder diffraction results indicate the presence of both an amorphous phase and the following crystalline phases: quartz, feldspars (plagioclase), mica (muscovite) and chlorites. The results of SEM analysis revealed skeletons of alga Diatomeae with nano-pores. By thermal treatment of the samples, a gradual change in color as well as higher bulk density and compressive strength was observed. The increase of the temperature, in addition, affected the mineralogical composition and increased the presence of the amorphous phase (aluminasilicate glassy phase). SEM results of the thermally investigated samples depicted morphological changes expressed by shrinkage of the pore diameters in comparison to the initial material. The major and minor constituents were established by chemical analysis revealing the following chemical composition of raw trepel: SiO2 (63.65 wt%), Al2O3 (11.76 wt%), Fe2O3 (5.93 wt%), MnO (0.13 wt%), TiO2 (0.63 wt%), CaO (1.42 wt%), MgO (2.22 wt%), P2O5 (0.11 wt%), K2O (1.63 wt%), Na2O (0.92 wt%), LOI (11.50 wt%).
The influence of modified equipment in developing skills in badminton
Authors: Nor Azmi Abdul Muiz , K. Suppiah Pathmanathan , Low Fook Lee Jeffrey , Noordin Hasnol , Samsir Md. Safwan
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of modified equipment on skill acquisition of novice badminton players. The participants (24 boys, 16 girls) aged between 7 – 9 years old, without any prior formal badminton experience, were divided into four groups randomly, namely the standard racquet with standard court (SRSC), standard racquet with modified court (SRMC), modified racquet with standard court (MRSC) and modified racquet with modified court (MRMC). Children’s hitting opportunities and stroke effectiveness were tabulated using videotaped and notated during a mini-competition after they went a five weeks training program. The results showed that the children who practiced using modified racquet with the modified court (MRMC), recorded the highest hitting opportunities and stroke effectiveness compared to others group. The participants who practiced using the standard equipment recorded less hitting opportunities and stroke effectiveness during the mini-competition. This study demonstrated the advantages for children playing using modified equipment with a smaller court. By manipulating the task constraints, skill acquisition can be enhanced among children.
Reflecting on side-cutting variability on ACL injury risk: A case study
Authors: Hamdan Muhammad , Raja Azidin Raja Mohammed Firhad
Published: January 2020

This case study aims to discuss a proposal for identifying anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) risk by observing the variability of side cutting kinematics with respect to the development of fatigue. One participant (n=1) sustained an ACL injury while performing a side-cutting task during the latter stages of a soccer match a few months after a recorded laboratory session. Data from his laboratory session was then compared to matched samples of seventeen healthy, uninjured participants (n=17). The injured participant was found to have performed his side-cutting task with a lower deviation than mean variability right before the later stages of the second half of simulated soccer match-play. Over time, the participant performed side-cutting tasks with increased variability in sagittal plane kinematics, suggesting that compensatory actions may have been implemented to facilitate the task execution. This elevated variability may be indicative of an increased risk of ACL injury. The further prospective investigation is warranted to gain a deeper understanding of how variabilities may play a role in task execution performance with respect to injury mechanisms.
Physical activity behaviour among women with gestational diabetes mellitus and early post-partum
Authors: Syazwani Nur Hani , Choon Lian Denise Koh , Ahmad Shuhaila , Shamsuddin Khadijah
Published: January 2020

Women with previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been found to have higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Participation in adequate physical activity during and post-pregnancy through has been found to mitigate the risk. The main purpose of this study is to determine the status of physical activity among women with recent GDM during their pregnancy and 8-weeks post-partum. A secondary aim of the study is to explore factors associated with physical activity during and 8-weeks post-partum. Physical activity status was measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The data were collected during pregnancy through a self-reported questionnaire (n=336) and via telephone interview 8-weeks post-partum (n=117). The results showed that there were significant association between physical activity and status of GDM during pregnancy. Women who reported higher physical activity participation during pregnancy were less likely to have GDM. However, there were no significant association between physical activity participation and GDM status post-partum. Age was associated with participation in physical activity during pregnancy. Self-efficacy and their risk perception of developing T2DM were associated with physical activity participation at 8-weeks post-partum. In conclusion, this study highlights the different factors that should be targeted (for during pregnancy and post-partum) to promote physical activity among this high risk population.
Pengaruh Doping Nitrogen, Sulfur, dan Boron terhadap Spektrum Absorbansi dan Fotoluminesensi Karbon Dot Asam Sitrat
Authors: Al Ghifari Alvin Dior , Sanjaya Edi , Isnaeni Isnaeni
Published: January 2020

Telah dilakukan sintesis karbon dot dengan bahan asam sitrat dengan metode pemanasan microwave. Sampel yang dibuat adalah sampel murni dan sampel yang diberi doping. Doping yang digunakan adalah HNO3 untuk doping Nitrogen (N), Na2S2O5 untuk doping Sulfur (S), dan H3BO3 untuk doping Boron (B). Pengujian optik yang dilakukan adalah Absorbansi UV-Vis dan Fotoluminesensi. Sampel karbon dot asam sitrat tanpa doping diuji terlebih dahulu, kemudian karbon dot doping-N, doping-S, dan doping-B diuji. Hasil yang didapat berupa spektrum absorbansi yang merupakan daya serap gelombang sampel yang diuji, dan spektrum fotoluminesensi yang merupakan pendaran sampel yang diuji. Spektrum sebelum pendopingan dibandingkan dengan spektrum setelah pendopingan. Dilakukan analisis perubahan sumbu-x yaitu pergeseran panjang gelombang, dan sumbu-y yaitu kenaikan atau penurunan nilai absorbansi dan intensitas fotoluminesensi. Hasil absorbansi karbon dot asam sitrat murni memiliki dua buah puncak (peak) absorbansi. Pendopingan N dan S tidak mempengaruhi spektrum absorbansi secara signifikan, namun pendopingan B sangat mempengaruhinya pada puncak kedua dengan menggeser 40 nm ke kanan dan menurunkan nilai absorbansi 1,68. Sedangkan hasil fotoluminesensi karbon dot asam sitrat murni memiliki sebuah puncak pada panjang gelombang 502 nm dengan intensitas 758 a.u., atau pendarannya berada dalam daerah warna cyan. Pendopingan N, S, dan B dapat menggeser spektrum fotoluminesensi ke arah warna merah dan nilai terbesar adalah dengan doping S yaitu sebesar 32 nm.
Identification of Mineral Potential in Galang District Tolitoli Regency Using the Method of Resistance and Induced Polarization
Authors: Wijaya Adya Nur Syafitri , Zera Tati , Hidayat Nur
Published: January 2020

Geologically, the province of Central Sulawesi is composed of various types of rocks, both in the form of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Regarding Central Sulawesi Province, mineral resources both metal and non-metal are quite varied. Increasing demand and demand for minerals, both metals, and non-metals. Research conducted to study the mineral potential in one of the regencies in Central Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted in Galang Sub-district, Tolitoli Regency, and Central Sulawesi Province by using the resistivity method and the Induced Polarization (IP) method with the Wenner-Schlumberger arrangement consisting of eight lines. The IP method is very accurate to discuss the potential of minerals that are below the surface. The inversion process does data processing in order to obtain the actual form of resistivity and chargeability modeling. Based on the modeling, the mineral potential in Galang Sub-district, Tolitoli Regency, Central Sulawesi Province is mostly found in all trajectories namely lane 01; 02; 04; 05; 05; 06; 07. Which is marked by a very high chargeability value between 300 msec - 500 msec. The research area also discusses granite and andesite, which have high resistivity values, between 2000 Ωm – 400000 Ωm.
Perancangan Sequence Backfill Di Lokasi Penambangan Bukit 7A Baru Studi Kasus PT. ANTAM, Tbk UBP Bauksit Tayan, Kabupaten Sanggau, Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Fathurrohman Ahmad , Erusani A. Sylvan , Haryono Ahmad Fauzan
Published: January 2020

Penimbunan kembali tanah penutup lahan bukaan bekas tambang harus dilakukan secara matang dan terencana, perencanaan penimbunan mencakup tahapan – tahapan yang sequential dan terukur jumlah volume dan waktunya. Hal ini dilakukan agar kegiatan penimbunan dapat meminimalisir dampak terhadap lingkungan serta menyesuaikan pada Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) No. 78 Tahun 2010 tentang Reklamasi dan Pascatambang. Perencanaan sequence backfill perlu mengetahui luas area penimbunan, elevasi awal sebelum penimbunan, kinerja alat yang digunakan untuk penimbunan, volume material penimbunan yang tersedia serta jam bekerja perusahaan yang tersedia. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan software Surpac dan AutoCAD. Hasil dari analisis yang dilakukan maka produktivitas alat penimbunan berupa 2 excavator adalah 440,77 LCM/Jam dan dibuat 3 sequence penimbunan backfill yang total volume penimbunannya adalah 143.807 LCM (Loose Cubic Meters) dan total volume topsoil 8.658,16 LCM . Masing – masing sequence terdiri dari, besar volume sequence I 52.418 LCM, besar volume sequence II 52.375 LCM, dan besar volume sequence III 39.014 LCM. Dengan jumlah waktu penimbunan 19,15 hari.
Use of Peer Comparison, Provider Education, and Electronic Medical Record Triggers to Increase Influenza Vaccination Rates in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Srinivasan Mythili , Huntman Jonica , Nelson Miranda , Mathew Shakila
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND:

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends annual influenza vaccination for all children 6 months and older, yet only 59% of children nationally received the vaccine during the 2014–2016 influenza seasons. Of these, only 4% received the vaccine in a hospital setting. The goal of this quality improvement (QI) initiative was to increase influenza vaccination status at discharge at least twofold in children admitted to our hospital during the 2017–2018 influenza season compared with the 2016–2017 season.

METHODS:

The QI initiative was conducted in the inpatient units at a tertiary care children’s hospital. Interventions included electronic medical record triggers, provider education, and peer comparison. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of children discharged from the hospital with at least 1 dose of the influenza vaccine received either at the hospital or before admission. Queries about the influenza vaccination status of children were used as a process measure. Length of stay was used as a balancing measure.

RESULTS:

The percentage of hospitalized children discharged with at least 1 dose of the vaccine increased 4.7-fold during the QI initiative (46%) compared with baseline (10%). There was a fourfold increase in parental query about the influenza vaccination status of their children (68%) during the QI initiative compared with the baseline period (16%). No significant difference occurred in the median length of stay among patients admitted during the QI initiative versus the baseline period.

CONCLUSIONS:

We increased influenza vaccination status among children admitted to our hospital using electronic medical record triggers, provider education, and peer comparison.
A Statistical-Learning Model for Unplanned 7-Day Readmission in Pediatrics
Authors: Ehwerhemuepha Louis , Pugh Karen , Grant Alex , Taraman Sharief , Chang Anthony , Rakovski Cyril , Feaster William
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:

The rate of pediatric 7-day unplanned readmissions is often seen as a measure of quality of care, with high rates indicative of the need for improvement of quality of care. In this study, we used machine learning on electronic health records to study predictors of pediatric 7-day readmissions. We ranked predictors by clinical significance, as determined by the magnitude of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression coefficients.

METHODS:

Data consisting of 50 241 inpatient and observation encounters at a single tertiary pediatric hospital were retrieved; 50% of these patients’ data were used for building a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model, whereas the other half of the data were used for evaluating model performance. The categories of variables included were demographics, social determinants of health, severity of illness and acuity, resource use, diagnoses, medications, psychosocial factors, and other variables such as primary care no show.

RESULTS:

Previous hospitalizations and readmissions, medications, multiple comorbidities, longer current and previous lengths of stay, certain diagnoses, and previous emergency department use were the most significant predictors modifying a patient’s risk of 7-day pediatric readmission. The model achieved an area under the curve of 0.778 (95% confidence interval 0.763–0.793).

CONCLUSIONS:

Predictors such as medications, previous and current health care resource use, history of readmissions, severity of illness and acuity, and certain psychosocial factors modified the risk of unplanned 7-day readmissions. These predictors are mostly unmodifiable, indicating that intervention plans on high-risk patients may be developed through discussions with patients and parents to identify underlying modifiable causal factors of readmissions.
Associations Between Social Factor Documentation and Hospital Length of Stay and Readmission Among Children
Authors: Pantell Matthew S. , Kaiser Sunitha V. , Torres Jacqueline M. , Gottlieb Laura M. , Adler Nancy E.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Social risk factors are linked to children’s health, but little is known about how frequently these factors are documented using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) or whether documentation is associated with health care use outcomes. Using a large administrative database of pediatric hospitalizations, we examined the prevalence of ICD social risk code documentation and hypothesized that social code documentation would be associated with longer length of stay (LOS) and readmission.

METHODS:

We analyzed hospitalizations of children ages ≤18 using the 2012 Nationwide Readmissions Database. The following ICD social codes were used as predictors: family member with alcohol and/or drug problem, history of abuse, parental separation, foster care, educational circumstance, housing instability, other economic strain, and legal circumstance. Outcomes included long LOS (top quintile) and readmission within 30 days after discharge. Covariates included individual, hospital, and season variables.

RESULTS:

Of 926 073 index hospitalizations, 7432 (0.8%) had International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, social codes. Social code documentation was significantly associated with long LOS. Adjusting for covariates, family alcohol and/or drug problem (odds ratio [OR] 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–2.35), foster care (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.53–3.65), other economic strain (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.38–3.26), and legal circumstances (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.02–2.71) remained significant predictors of long LOS. Social code documentation was not associated with readmission after adjusting for covariates.

CONCLUSIONS:

Social ICD codes are associated with prolonged LOS and readmission in pediatric hospitalizations, but they are infrequently documented. Future work exploring these associations could help to determine if addressing social risk factors in inpatient settings might improve child health outcomes.
Variations in Care for Breastfed Infants Admitted to US Children’s Hospitals: A Multicenter Survey of Inpatient Providers
Authors: Bochner Risa E. , Kuroki Robyn , Lui Karen , Russell Christopher J. , Rackovsky Elia , Piper Laura , Ban Kathryn , Yang Katharine , Mandal Purnima , Mackintosh Liza , Mirzaian Christine B. , Gross Elissa
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND:

Studies have revealed an association between hospitalization of breastfed infants and weaning posthospitalization. It is unknown what steps inpatient providers at children’s hospitals are currently taking to support breastfeeding mothers of hospitalized infants, their comfort providing breastfeeding counseling, and what training they receive.

METHODS:

We conducted a multicenter survey study of pediatric providers who care for infants hospitalized at 3 urban, tertiary-care children’s hospitals over a 12-month period. A convenience sample of nurses, residents, and attending physicians agreed to participate. Participants completed a 24-question questionnaire addressing provider practices, comfort with breastfeeding counseling, and previous breastfeeding education. Data were summarized as medians (interquartile ranges) and frequencies (percentages). Kruskal-Wallis and χ2 tests were used to compare between provider types.

RESULTS:

A total of 361 out of 1097 (33%) eligible providers completed the survey: 133 (21%) nurses, 166 (45%) residents, and 62 (63%) attending physicians. Provider practices varied by provider type. We observed a general trend that providers do not routinely review breastfeeding techniques, directly observe feeds, or use standardized breastfeeding assessment tools. Residents and attending physicians were more likely than nurses to feel comfortable with breastfeeding counseling (P = .02). Residents were more likely than nurses and attending physicians to have received breastfeeding education in the last 3 years (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Practices, comfort, and previous education varied by provider type. There was a general pattern that providers do not routinely perform certain practices. Further studies are needed to determine if inpatient provider practices affect weaning posthospitalization and if inpatient quality improvement initiatives will help mothers continue breastfeeding posthospitalization.
The talent of mature women and their legacy for Humanity
Authors: Troncoso  Rodríguez Marina
Published: January 2020

This paper is a compilation of facts about women who shone in their youth either for their research, their works of art, or their social and political activities, and who remained active in their later years, when they became what are commonly called senior citizens. It was during these years that these brilliant women managed to crystallise and consolidate the work they had done all of their life, bringing about changes in scientific, artistic, cultural and social fields, leaving behind a legacy of knowledge for future generations. A small host of women representing different disciplines has been chosen here, and all of these women were active in their later life. Many others who could have been included will not be found, not only because there is not enough space here to mention all of them here, but also because there is a lack of sources dealing with the millions of senior heroines who are anonymous; elderly women who play a vital role in the development of humanity when they pass on knowledge and values; women who remain active in their later years and who only retire the day they die
ARTISTIC ACTIVITY AMONG THE ELDERLY AS A FORM OF LIFELONG LEARNING, BASED UPON THE OPINIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WROCŁAW’S UNIVERSITY OF THE THIRD AGE HANDICRAFT GROUP MEMBERS
Authors: Działa Beata
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the topic of creativity and artistic activity among elderly people in the context of claims related to the idea of lifelong learning. It discusses the phenomenon of creativity and how senior citizens can benefit from it. The artistic activity of people in the age of late adulthood is also discussed in that context. In the last part of the text, theoretical claims are collated with what the artistic groups’ elderly members themselves said during a focus group interview
Preface : Levels of resentment in the University of the Third Age
Authors: Kobylarek Aleksander
Published: January 2020

Resentment has a particular place in the University of the Third Age. Here, the activities of the organization come up against the developing personalities of the elderly and crises of personality, which intensify the phenomenon. Temporary resentment can in unfavourable circumstances escalate into permanent resentment, which is more difficult to alleviate. The task of the manager is to uncover this phenomenon at a relatively early stage, and to take appropriate preventative measures in the form of long-lasting negotiation of tasks and a suitable system of sharing rewards.