bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adopting a Mixed Method Needs Analysis for CALL Research
Authors: Park Eunjeong
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses arguments on necessitating needs analysis with mixed methods in computer-assisted language learning (CALL). CALL researchers argue that a lack of technology integration planning hinders using technology effectively in schools. This would be because teachers may not be wellprepared regarding the use of technology leadership and integration, calling for needs analysis. The purpose of this paper is to examine the definition of needs, potentials and challenges of using mixed methods to develop needs analyses and concludes with the considerations of needs analysis with mixed methods in CALL research.
Design and development of a question generator for learners of English
Authors: Vu Duc Tran , Blake John
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we describe the design and development of the first release of an online question generator. This pedagogic tool enables learners of English to generate open-ended, closed-ended and tag questions for a target sentence. Learners input a sentence (i.e. declarative statement) and select the type or types of questions to generate. Question generation is a non-trivial task involving numerous processes including syntactic transformation and pronoun selection. Syntactic transformation was achieved through the use of rules based on parse trees while the selection of interrogative pronouns was achieved using matching potential question foci with a linguistic knowledge encoded condition set. Lessons learned are detailed to help other researchers avoid or attempt to ameliorate the pitfalls and problems encountered in this study.
Technology-mediated PBLT: Encouraging Japanese EFL Learners to Communicate in L2
Authors: Heo Younghyon
Published: May 2021

This study reports on the result of implementing online intercultural communication as a pre-PBLT activity to encourage the English learners of Japanese to use L2 during the project in an EFL context. Self-evaluation of their English speaking confidence level was conducted at three different stages of the project to track the change of Japanese EFL learners’ confidence level before and after the completion of intercultural communication and finally after the completion of the entire project. Measuring the L2 speaking confidence level at three stages of our PBLT course allowed us to examine 1) whether the pre-PBLT intercultural communication successfully primed the Japanese EFL learners to speak in L2 in the subsequent PBLT activities, and 2) whether the Japanese EFL learners could maintain the “English-speaking mode” even during their communication with other Japanese speakers. The results indicate that most of the participants could successfully build L2 speaking confidence after the pre-PBLT intercultural communication and maintain the raised L2 speaking confidence by practicing L2 communication for the completion of the PBLT project with their Japanese partners.
Utilizing Robotics for Learning English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Ziouzios Dimitris , Chatzisavvas Antonios , Chaschatzi Akrivi , Baras Nikolaos , Bratitsis Tharrenos , Dasygenis Minas
Published: May 2021

In recent years, Information and communications technology (ICT) has become a fundamental element of almost all aspects of formal and non-formal education. Educational Robotics (ER) as an ICT subfield has triggered many studies of ER educational utilization as the training of a new foreign language. This paper aims at highlighting another perspective of knowledge, utilizing the ER for learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL). It presents educational scenarios explaining how the robot can be involved in the learning process.
Prototyping of creation, implementation and visualization of correlation rules and microDocs
Authors: Stenzel Alexandra , Rommel Florian
Published: May 2021

Semantic Correlation Rules (SCR) and microDocs are new concepts in the field of content delivery. SCR allow to define relationships between information units based on their metadata and, therefore, allow for the dynamic aggregation of microDocs. The creation of SCR heavily relies on the capabilities of modern content management systems (CMS) or ontology editors. The evaluation and visualization of the emerging microDocs, on the other hand, relies on the capabilities of content delivery portals (CDP). At this time, the support of both concepts in most software solutions currently being used, is only partly existent. This paper aims to demonstrate, how these currently existing limitations can be overcome, to reveal important factors to be considered and to showcase future possibilities of the aforementioned concepts. For this purpose, we developed a series of prototypes and conceptional visuals regarding creation of SCR, aggregation of microDocs and their visual appearance taking human perception into account.
The Pre-Production Plans on Designing a Promotional Video for Project-based Language Learning: A Case Study with Smart Toilets
Authors: Roy Debopriyo , Kosai Hirotaka , Takai Kazuma
Published: May 2021

This pilot project undertook an effort to understand how the pre-production plans on designing a promotional video in a project-based language learning classroom could be unveiled with undergraduate EFL computer science junior-level students. The central idea of the project was to explore the efficacy of digital storytelling as a method for developing professional communication skills in English. The specific case study chosen for the project was on intelligent toilets, and the pre-production movie design activities as assignments were designed in the syllabus as a community outreach effort in trying to promote awareness about intelligent toilets as a commercial product, and the necessity and benefits of intelligent toilets for consumers who might not be aware of it’s reach. Assignments such as designing storyline and screenplay, print and video poster design, visual storyline with concept mapping, storyboarding and conference presentation design and delivery not only focused on understanding how students handle different design and analysis software, and technical documentation in a group setting, but also the extent to which they could successfully work with their team collaboratively, and in the process improve professional communication. The project could not explicitly and objectively measure the learning outcomes for professional communication, but it helped us explore the extent to which the group assignments requiring substantial group communication and coordination could be worked through successfully, and students’ self-reported impression about the course materials, in general, and the working dynamics of the group. It’s an established fact that successful group communication and coordination, and such group-based technical communication activities require multiple interactions, iterations and repeated and prolonged exposure. However, within the limited scope of this pilot project, the researchers could identify moderately successful efforts being made both for the assignments and in terms of the team effort.
Bioclimatic Architecture
Authors: Ávalos Jimena , Villarreal Regina , Cárdenas Valeria , Romero Ana Cristina García-Luna
Published: May 2021

We are living through serious problems of environmental pollution, which causes great risks to the well-being of the population. These problems are presented by the bad planning of urban growth, and many times in very bad quality. Industrialization grows in the cities without having an order and an appropriate planning to avoid the damage in our environment. The construction sector is largely responsible for this global pollution that is experienced today. As the years go by, architects aim to improve the quality of their construction and improve our quality of life. New projects arise with strategy and planning, developing a new type of architecture which contemplates the damage it would do to the environment and how this issue could be solved based on its construction development. The profession of architects, or urban planners who are involved in the development of cities, are responsible for creating new developments by designing the impact of climate change. The architectural community carries a great responsibility in designing with the flows of materials, energy, climate change, causes and solutions in mind. Architecture must involve sustainability in its construction process and know how to implement it to cause an environmental impact to satisfy the common welfare.
Redirected walking for virtually expanded play area
Authors: Moriguchi Taiga , Cohen Michael
Published: May 2021

We describe a method of achieving redirected walking by modulating subjective translation and rotation. In a real space, a user walks around without leaving a 5 m2 area, but we have built a system that allows virtual movement around a larger area than the real space. This system is realized by translating and rotating the apparent ground in response to user movement.
Die „richtigen“ Fragen stellen – Lösungsfokussierte Auftragsklärung
Authors: Musekamp Hendrik
Published: May 2021

Wie schafft man es, Klienten so zu beteiligen, dass sie für sich stimmige Ziele formulieren können? Dass man, statt sich auf eine Probleminventur zu begrenzen, auch gemeinsam eine Lösungsinventur beginnt? Manchen Klienten fällt es nicht leicht, explizit nach vorne zu schauen und Lösungen für die Zukunft zu entwickeln. Dann kommt es darauf an, die richtigen Fragen zu stellen.
Männer und Sucht
Authors: Klein Michael
Published: May 2021

Das vorliegende Heft der Suchttherapie behandelt das Schwerpunkt Thema „Männer und Sucht“. Die Suchttherapie hatte zuletzt im Heft 3/2007 auf das Thema fokussiert. Seitdem hat sich die gesellschaftliche Debatte um Genderfragen vertieft und teilweise auch deutlich zugespitzt.
Epidemiology and Injury Pattern of E-Scooter Injuries – Initial Results
Authors: Heuer Sarah , Landschoof Sönke , Kornherr Patrick , Grospietsch Ben , Kühne Christian A.
Published: May 2021

Aim Since the introduction of shared electric scooters in Germany in June 2019, surgeons have been treating injuries caused by these devices.

Methods In our Institution, we implemented the first registry to examine the pattern of injuries and to gather epidemiological data on persons injured while riding electric scooters. We conducted a prospective analysis of all patients treated in our Emergency Department for an injury sustained while riding an electric scooter between June 2019 and June 2020. All patients were noted in a registry (E-SCORE = E-Scooter Register). The study was approved by the institutional ethics board. Outcomes were first time of use, injuries, imaging, alcohol and helmet use, age, length of hospital stay and surgical therapy.

Results 90 patients were identified. Mean age was 35.6 years (± 15.4); 65.5% were male. We diagnosed 32 fractures and 7 ligament injuries. Injuries to the head were found in 38 patients; 8 had relevant intracerebral or maxillofacial injuries. Alcohol use was noted in 18 (20%) patients, only 2 of whom wore a helmet (2.2%). 29 patients (32.2%) required surgical intervention.

Conclusion This study highlights the significant number of head injuries in patients riding electric scooters. Nevertheless, there are also a significant number of injuries to the bones and ligaments, which required surgical treatment. Hardly any of the patients was wearing a helmet and alcohol use was not unusual. In our opinion, scooter related injuries are leading to an growing number of vehicle related injuries and could probably benefit from some legal regulations, such as a blood alcohol limit and recommendation for helmet use. Implementation of a nationwide registry might be useful in evaluating injuries related to electric scooters.
Endoscopic Endonasal Transethmoidal-Transsphenoidal Approach to a Cavernous Sinus Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Agresta Gianluca , Campione Alberto , Pozzi Fabio , Veiceschi Pierlorenzo , Venturini Martina , Agosti Edoardo , Balbi Sergio , Battaglia Paolo , Locatelli Davide
Published: May 2021

Objective We illustrate a cavernous sinus chondrosarcoma treated with an endoscopic endonasal transethmoidal-transsphenoidal approach.

Design Case report of a 15-year-old girl with diplopia and esotropia due to complete abducens palsy. Preoperative images showed a right cavernous sinus lesion with multiple enhanced septa and intralesional calcified spots (Fig. 1). Considering tumor location and the lateral dislocation of the carotid artery, an endoscopic endonasal approach was performed to relieve symptoms and to optimize the target geometry for adjuvant conformal radiotherapy.

Setting The study was conducted at University of Insubria, Department of Neurosurgery, Varese, Italy.

Participants Skull base team was participated in the study.

Main Outcome Measures A transethmoidal-transsphenoidal approach was performed by using a four-hand technique. We used a route lateral to medial turbinate to access ethmoid and the sphenoid sinus. During the sphenoid phase, we exposed the medial wall of the cavernous sinus (Fig. 2) and the lesion was then removed using curette. Skull base reconstruction was performed with fibrin glue and nasoseptal flap.

Results No complications occurred after surgery, and the patient experienced a complete recovery of symptoms. A postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed a small residual tumor inside the cavernous sinus (Fig. 1). After percutaneous proton-bean therapy, patient experienced only temporary low-grade toxicity with local control within 2 years after treatment completion.

Conclusion Endoscopic endonasal extended approach is a safe and well-tolerated procedure that is indicated in selected cases (intracavernous tumors, soft tumors not infiltrating the vessels and/or the nerves). A tailored approach according to tumor extension is crucial for the best access to the compartments involved.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/TsqXjqpuOws.
Endoscopic Transnasal Resection of Trigeminal Schwannoma
Authors: Kiyofuji Satoshi , Shin Masahiro , Kondo Kenji , Kin Taichi , Uchida Tatsuya , Saito Nobuhito
Published: May 2021

Trigeminal schwannoma is a rare skull base tumor that can be managed in a variety of treatments including image observation, surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, such as gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS), and combination of these. Endoscopic transnasal resection is very effective when the tumor is not invading far laterally, or the risk of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is estimated to be low. A 74-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer and diabetes presented with left oculomotor nerve palsy over a month. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) demonstrated a 25-mm mass in the left cavernous sinus protruding to the left orbit via the superior orbital fissure (Fig. 1). The patient underwent endoscopic transnasal surgery to decompress the mass. The surgery was uneventful, and postoperative MRI demonstrated satisfactory subtotal resection of the mass (Fig. 2). The final pathology returned as schwannoma. At 1-year follow-up, the tumor slowly enlarged, and the patient underwent GKS with a marginal dose of 14 Gy. At the last follow-up, 4 months after GKS, the tumor was stable. Unfortunately the patient deceased from the known prostate cancer. Endoscopic transnasal surgery was especially useful in this case, considering the preoperative known cancer state that management of this benign tumor did not ruin the quality of life of this patient while minimizing hospitalization, as achieving satisfactory tumor control with aid from postoperative GKS, minimizing complications.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/Q0Ugc2VFV4w.
Considering Criteria for Active Phase Labor Management of Nulliparous Women: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Schmidt Eleanor M. , Hersh Alyssa R. , Tuuli Methodius , Cahill Alison G. , Caughey Aaron B.
Published: May 2021

Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate differences in maternal and neonatal outcomes based on updated criteria for defining active labor at 6 cm of cervical dilation and to determine if these recommendations are cost-effective.

Study Design A decision-analytic model was built using TreeAge Pro 2020 software. We included maternal outcomes of mode of delivery, endometritis, postpartum hemorrhage requiring transfusion, and death. Neonatal outcomes included rates of shoulder dystocia and permanent brachial plexus injury. Costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were included from the maternal and infant perspectives. We used a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000 per QALY and all model inputs were subjected to sensitivity analysis.

Results In a theoretical cohort of 1.4 million women, a threshold of 6 cm to define active labor resulted in 373,668 fewer cesarean deliveries, 33,181 fewer cases of endometritis, 143 fewer postpartum hemorrhages requiring transfusions, and seven fewer maternal deaths when compared with a threshold of 4 cm. However, there were higher rates of adverse neonatal outcomes, including 484 more cases of shoulder dystocia and 17 more instances of permanent brachial plexus injury. Using 6 cm as the threshold resulted in lower costs and greater effectiveness, making it a dominant strategy. Multivariate sensitivity analysis demonstrated the model was robust over a wide range of assumptions.

Conclusion In this model, considering 6 cm of cervical dilation as the threshold for the active phase of labor compared with 4 cm was a cost-effective strategy to prevent primary cesarean deliveries, lower costs, and improve maternal outcomes, despite associated increased adverse neonatal outcomes.

Key Pointsg
Perioperative Opioid Use in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patients
Authors: Aneizi Ali , Friedmann Elizabeth , Henry Leah E. , Perraut Gregory , Sajak Patrick M. J. , Ventimiglia Dominic J. , Burt Cameran I. , Zhang Tina , Packer Jonathan D. , Henn III R. F.
Published: May 2021

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is one of the most commonly performed outpatient orthopaedic procedures, yet there is little data about perioperative opioid prescribing practices. The purposes of this study were to quantify the perioperative opioid prescriptions filled by patients who underwent ACLR and to identify factors associated with greater postoperative opioid use. Patients who underwent ACLR at a single institution between June 2015 and May 2017 were studied using a regional prescription monitoring database to identify all preoperative and postoperative outpatient opioid prescriptions up to 2 years postoperatively. The number of morphine milligram equivalents of each opioid was calculated to determine total morphine milligram equivalents (TMEs) filled preoperatively, at discharge, and refilled postoperatively. Patients who refilled an opioid prescription postoperatively were compared with those who did not. Ninety-nine of 269 (36.8%) total patients refilled an opioid prescription postoperatively. Thirty-three patients (12.3%) required a refill after 2 weeks postoperatively, and no patients refilled after 21 months postoperatively. Fifty-seven patients (21%) received an opioid prescription in the 2 years following surgery that was unrelated to their ACL reconstruction. Increased age, higher body mass index (BMI), government insurance, current or prior tobacco use history, preoperative opioid use, and greater number of medical comorbidities were significantly associated with refilling a prescription opioid. Higher BMI and government insurance were independent predictors of refilling. Higher preoperative TMEs and surgeon were independent predictor of greater refill TMEs. In the opioid-naïve subgroup of 177 patients, only higher BMI was a predictor of refilling, and only greater comorbidities was a predictor of greater refill TMEs. The results demonstrate that preoperative opioid use was associated with postoperative opioid refills and higher refill TMEs in a dose-dependent fashion. A higher percentage of patients received an opioid prescription for reasons unrelated to the ACL reconstruction than refilled a prescription after the first 2 weeks postoperatively.
Combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction Results in Superior Rotational Stability Compared with Isolated Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in High Grade Pivoting Sport Patients: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mogoş Ştefan , D'Ambrosi Riccardo , Antonescu Dinu , Stoica Ioan-Cristian
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the current randomized clinical trial (RCT) was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and anterolateral ligament (ALL) reconstruction and to compare them with those of isolated ACL reconstruction. The hypothesis was that combined ACL and ALL reconstruction will result in superior clinical outcomes in terms of the rotational stability of the knee. This prospective RCT included 57 patients (44 men and 13 women, mean age = 31 ± 7.1 years) who underwent ACL reconstruction either isolated (Group I: 25 patients) or combined with ALL reconstruction (Group II: 32 patients). The evaluation of the patients was done preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months including a clinical examination (Lachman's test, Pivot shift's test, and Rolimeter differential anterior laxity), an objective clinical scores (objective: the International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] score) and a subjective clinical scores (subjective: IKDC's score, Lysholm's score, and Tegner's activity score). Postoperative complications of all the patients were recorded. There was a significant difference between the study groups at all follow-up intervals when evaluating the postoperative pivot shift test (p < 0.05) with a superior rotational stability in the group of combined ACL and ALL reconstruction. At the final follow-up evaluation, 36% of the patients from Group I and 6.2% in Group II had a grade I positive pivot shift test (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the number of patients with a grade A IKDC objective score (p < 0.05) at the 6- and 12-month follow-up intervals (p = 0.007). There was a significant difference concerning the IKDC subjective score between the two study groups in favor of the combined ACL and ALL reconstruction group at 12 months postoperatively (p = 0.048). Combined ACL and ALL reconstruction technique was demonstrated to be effective in obtaining a superior control of the rotational knee instability and to improve the clinical objective and subjective outcomes when compared with isolated ACL reconstruction in sports patients with high-grade pivoting shifts.
Atomic scale investigation of aluminum incorporation, defects, and phase stability in β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 films
Authors: Johnson Jared M. , Huang Hsien-Lien , Wang Mengen , Mu Sai , Varley Joel B. , Uddin Bhuiyan A F M Anhar , Feng Zixuan , Kalarickal Nidhin Kurian , Rajan Siddharth , Zhao Hongping , Van de Walle Chris G. , Hwang Jinwoo
Published: May 2021

The development of novel ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) materials requires precise understanding of the atomic level structural origins that give rise to their important properties. We study the aluminum atom incorporation, defect formation, and their relationships with phase stability in β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 films, a promising candidate for UWBG applications, to explain atomic scale structural characteristics and properties using a combination of quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and density functional theory (DFT). Our STEM analysis indicates that ∼54% of the incorporated Al substitutes on the octahedrally coordinated Ga2 site in a series of films grown with different techniques and alloy concentrations. DFT calculations show that, while Al energetically prefers the octahedral site, surface reconstructions and kinetic limitations during the epitaxial growth are responsible for Al occupying both octahedral and tetrahedral sites in (AlxGa1−x)2O3, ultimately limiting the stability of the β-phase at x < ∼50%. Local heterogeneity of composition results in the formation of a planar defect, affecting the stability of the β-phase. The similarity of such inclusions to the metastable γ-phase is discussed.
Skyrmion devices for memory and logic applications
Authors: Luo Shijiang , You Long
Published: May 2021

Skyrmions have received considerable attention in various studies since the experimental observation in magnetic materials in 2009. Skyrmions, which are topological, particle-like localized structures, show significant fundamental research value in the field of physics and materials and are also regarded as novel information carriers that have the potential for use in developing high-density, low-power, and multi-functional spintronic devices. In this Perspective, we first overview the development, structure, and materials of skyrmions. Subsequently, we focus on the recent progress in skyrmion devices for memory and logic applications and discuss their challenges and prospects.
Effect of intensity of orientational magnetic field on steady shear behavior of magnetorheological elastomers
Authors: Gao Wei , Guo Ziyao , Yang Yumei
Published: May 2021

As filled elastomers, magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) undergo changes in their shape and physical and mechanical properties in response to an external magnetic field. To investigate how applying an orientational magnetic field during fabrication influences the magnetomechanical properties of MREs, several types of samples with different matrix properties were prepared and examined in lap shear tests under a magnetic field. The results show that with increasing orientational magnetic field and silicone-oil content, (i) the chain arrangement of the magneto-sensitive particles in the matrix becomes more obvious and (ii) the magneto-induced shear modulus and the magnetorheological effect of the prepared materials increase. To elucidate qualitatively the magneto-induced performance of MREs cured in different external magnetic fields, a microphysical model is proposed based on an exponential distribution of the angle between the magnetic-field direction and the chains formed by the magnetic particles, thereby to reduce the error due to the assumption of a uniform distribution. The present results provide a theoretical basis for designing and preparing magneto-sensitive smart materials.
Investigation of an X-band Cerenkov-type high power microwave oscillator driven by sheet electron beam
Authors: Zeng Fanzheng , Du Guangxing , Qian Baoliang , Cai Hao , Wang Junting
Published: May 2021

An X-band Cerenkov-type high power microwave (HPM) oscillator driven by a sheet electron beam is proposed and designed in this paper. In order to improve the efficiency of simulation optimization, a research method is proposed in which the large caliber coaxial Cerenkov-type HPM oscillator is taken as an initial model, which is equivalent to that of the planar slow-wave structure (SWS) by using the similarity between the planar SWS and the large caliber coaxial SWS. In addition, the effectiveness of the equivalent method is verified from the geometric structure, the field distribution of the operating mode, dispersion characteristics, and the preliminary particle simulation results of two devices. Based on the results of an X-band large caliber coaxial Cerenkov-type HPM oscillator, an X-band Cerenkov-type HPM oscillator driven by a sheet electron beam is investigated by the 3D particle-in-cell code. The simulation results show that the power conversion efficiency can reach 26.1% at the frequency of 11.9 GHz with the output power of 0.3 GW, while the sheet electron beam has the energy of 486 kV and it carries the current of 2.4 kA conducted by the magnetic field of 2.5 T.
Defect and dopant properties in CaMnO3
Authors: Kuganathan Navaratnarajah , Chroneos Alexander
Published: May 2021

CaMnO3-based ceramics have been the subject of considerable research due to their potential application in solid oxide fuel cells, thermoelectric generators, and catalysis. The computational modeling technique based on the classical pair-wise potentials has allowed atomic-scale insights into the defect chemistry, diffusion of Ca2+ and O2− ions, and solution of various dopants in this material. The Ca/Mn anti-site was found to be the most favorable intrinsic defect suggesting disorder, which would be sensitive to synthesis conditions. The second most favorable disorder in CaMnO3 involves loss of CaO, resulting in calcium and oxygen vacancies, which in turn can promote vacancy mediated self-diffusion. The activation energy for oxygen migration (1.25 eV) is much lower than that for calcium (4.42 eV). Favorable isovalent dopants on the Ca and Mn sites were found to be Fe2+ and Ge4+, respectively. The formation of O vacancies can be facilitated by doping of single dopants Fe2+ and Al3+ on the Mn site. Dual dopants Ni–Fe and Al–Ga on the Mn site can also facilitate the introduction of oxygen vacancies required for the vacancy assisted oxygen diffusion.
Predicted half-metallicity and ferromagnetism in the Fe (III) doped BaZrO3 perovskite: A theoretical insight
Authors: Nisar Mohammad , Ma Yecheng , Khan Shahid , Khatoon Rabia , Xu Gang , Liu Yong , Han Gaorong
Published: May 2021

The variance in the magnetoelectric behavior of BaZrO3 owing to the doping of Fe (III) on the Zr-site has been studied based on density functional calculations. We can predict the structural parameters, electronic structure, and ferromagnetic properties of BaFexZr1−xO3 precisely deprived of considering any strong correlation effect in the calculations. The equilibrium structural parameters are accounted to be in concurrence with the former theoretical and experimental investigations. It is observed that the structural phase remained semiconducting cubic (Pm-3m) up to 12.5% of Fe content and transformed to a conducting tetragonal phase (P4/mmm) beyond that. Spin-polarized density of states and band-structure calculations have probed that pristine BaZrO3 is a wide-bandgap semiconductor and in a nonmagnetic state. The ground-energy-state of Fe3+ doped BaZrO3 compounds varies from half-metal to metal in a ferromagnetic state. In particular, the present calculations have correctly predicted half-metallicity in BaFexZr1−xO3 when doping concentrations were 12.5% and 25%. The half-metallic gap ΔHM, which is the minimum of the lowest energy level of minority spin conduction bands relative to the Fermi level, and the absolute values of the topmost energy level of minority spin valence bands are estimated to be 0.55 eV in BaFe0.25Zr0.75O3 and 0.44 eV in BaFe0.5Zr0.5O3.
Effect of M (Ni, Cu, Zn) doping on the structural, electronic, optical, and thermal properties of CdI2: DFT based theoretical studies
Authors: Momin Md. Abdul , Islam Md. Aminul , Nesa Meherun , Sharmin Mehnaz , Rahman Mohammad Jellur , Bhuiyan A. H.
Published: May 2021

Structural, electronic, optical, and thermal properties of undoped and metal, M (Ni, Cu, and Zn), doped cadmium iodide (CdI2) were studied using a generalized gradient approximation of density functional theory. Lattice constants found from the theoretical studies of the structure of the undoped and doped CdI2 are in good agreement with those found in the available experimental and theoretical investigations. A strong mixing of I 5p and M 3d states is found after the doping of 3d M in CdI2, which alters the bandgap from positive to negative. Among all M (Ni, Cu, and Zn), Ni doped CdI2 with a narrow negative bandgap evolve the quantum dot level. Due to interactions between the Cd 4d and M 3d states, the measured optical and thermal properties of the doped system assessed with pure CdI2 indicate unusual behaviors, which suggest that the material can be used in different nano-electronic and electrochemical applications and in biological levels such as detection of COVID-19 pathogens.
Molecular dynamics investigation of the slip flow liquid–solid interfacial thermal conductance
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Sun Shangwei , Cui Yifan , Ran Ran , Zhao Yongzhi
Published: May 2021

With the integrated high-power device packaging structure rapidly developing, the embedded heat dissipation architectures are challenged by the local micro-/nanoscale massive heat flux. The slip flow molecular dynamics models were established to explore the liquid–solid interfacial thermal conductance. With stepwise declining shear forces (0.032 pN/200, 0.024 pN/200, and 0.016 pN/200 ps, respectively), the slip flow [the slip shear velocity is Si: (125.43 ± 0.92 m/s), graphite: (142.43 ± 1.92 m/s), and Cu: (180.93 ± 3.42 m/s), respectively] water–solid interfacial thermal conductance of different materials [Si: (8.11 ± 0.1) × 107 W/m2 K, graphite: (10.18 ± 0.1) × 107 W/m2 K, and Cu: (17.97 ± 0.1) × 107 W/m2 K] can be calculated. The rationality of the calculated values can be verified in the literature. The slip flow water–solid interfacial thermal conductance values are about 0.5 times higher than the static ones. It can be significantly affected by the slip shear velocity. The slip shear velocity increasing about five times can enhance the interfacial thermal conductance two times. From the water layer density distribution, it is found that the dependence of interfacial thermal conductance on velocity slip relies more on the dynamical properties than on the fluid structure. This molecular dynamics model provides an operative methodology to investigate the slip flow liquid–solid interfacial heat transfer for the various embedded cooling surfaces.
Delineating the heterogeneity of matrix-directed differentiation toward soft and stiff tissue lineages via single-cell profiling
Authors: Brielle Shlomi , Bavli Danny , Motzik Alex , Kan-Tor Yoav , Sun Xue , Kozulin Chen , Avni Batia , Ram Oren , Buxboim Amnon
Published: May 2021

Significance

The clinical utility of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) in mediating immunosuppressive effects and supporting regenerative processes is broadly established. However, the inherent heterogeneity of MSCs compromises its biomedical efficacy and reproducibility. To study how cellular variation affects fate decision-making processes, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing at multiple time points during bipotential matrix-directed differentiation toward soft- and stiff tissue lineages. In this manner, we identify distinctive MSC subpopulations that are characterized by their multipotent differentiation capacity and mechanosensitivity. Also, whole-genome screening highlights TPM1 as a potent mechanotransducer of matrix signals and regulator of cell differentiation. Thus, by introducing single-cell methodologies into mechanobiology, we delineate the complexity of adult stem cell responses to extracellular cues in tissue regeneration and immunomodulation.
Increasing second language production with gestures
Authors: Wilks-Smith Naomi
Published: May 2021

Gesture-based methods of teaching second languages have increasingly attracted interest. Previous research has linked gesture with language learning; however, little is known about the impact on learners’ language production, and even less is known about the impact of the unique Intentional Teaching Gestures (ITG) used in many second language programs. This empirical case study investigated the impact of learning with ITG on the oral language production of 170 primary school students learning Japanese as a second language in Australia, using a quasi-experimental approach with Story Re-tell methodology. Findings identify that viewing ITG increased learners’ language retrieval and quantity of oral language produced and highlight the pedagogical value of viewing ITG as a scaffolding tool.
Urocystis agropyri (flag smut of wheat).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: May 2021

U. agropyri causes flag smut on leaves of species in the family Poaceae. As a pathogen of grasses, it appears to have a wide host range (Mordue and Waller, 1981) and a worldwide distribution (UK CAB International, 1991). However, some authorities do not include the pathogen on wheat [Triticum aestivum], identified as Urocystis tritici, within U. agropyri. Rossman et al. (2006) place U. agropyri in the category of a "Threat to Major Crop Plants" and wheat and wheat straw imports are restricted in North America (Anon., 2005; CFIA, 2008). If the widespread species includes the wheat pathogen, then it is already present on all continents with agriculture and in major wheat-growing areas (Purdy, 1965), so it has already been introduced and may be difficult to exclude from additional areas. Both smuts are seed- and soil-borne, causing systemic infections that can be perennial in weeds and graminaceous crops, including turfgrasses. The spore balls are windborne (Purdy, 1965) and prevention of spread among wild grasses on land is not amenable to control.
The relation between the radii and the densities of magnetic skyrmions
Authors: Bo Yu-Jiao , Li Wen-Wen , Guo Yu-Chen , Yang Ji-Chong
Published: May 2021

Compared with the traditional magnetic bubble, a skyrmion has a smaller size, and better stability and therefore is considered as a very promising candidate for future memory devices. When skyrmions are manipulated, erased and created, the density of skyrmions can be varied, however the relationship between the radii and the densities of skyrmions needs more exploration. In this paper, we study this problem both theoretically and by using the lattice simulation. The average radius of skyrmions as a function of material parameters, the strength of the external magnetic field and the density of skyrmions is obtained and verified. With this explicit function, the skyrmion radius can be easily predicted, which is helpful for the future study of skyrmion memory devices.
Prevalence of initial orthostatic hypotension in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tran Jennifer , Hillebrand Sarah L , Meskers Carel G M , Iseli Rebecca K , Maier Andrea B
Published: May 2021

Background

Initial orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a clinical syndrome of exaggerated transient orthostasis associated with higher risks of falls, frailty and syncope in older adults.

Objective

To provide a prevalence estimate of initial OH in adults aged 65 years or older.

Methods

Literature search of MEDLINE (from 1946), Embase (from 1947) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed until 6 December 2019, using the terms ‘initial orthostatic hypotension’, ‘postural hypotension’ and ‘older adults’. Articles were included if published in English and participants were 65 years or older. Random effects models were used for pooled analysis.

Results

Of 5,136 articles screened, 13 articles (10 cross-sectional; 3 longitudinal) reporting data of 5,465 individuals (54.5% female) from the general (n = 4,157), geriatric outpatient (n = 1,136), institutionalised (n = 55) and mixed (n = 117) population were included. Blood pressure was measured continuously and intermittently in 11 and 2 studies, respectively. Pooled prevalence of continuously measured initial OH was 29.0% (95% CI: 22.1–36.9%, I2 = 94.6%); 27.8% in the general population (95% CI: 17.9–40.5%, I2 = 96.1%), 35.2% in geriatric outpatients (95% CI: 24.2–48.1%, I2 = 95.3%), 10.0% in institutionalised individuals (95% CI: 2.4–33.1%, I2 = 0%) and 21.4% in the mixed population (95% CI: 7.0–49.6, I2 = 0%). Pooled prevalence of intermittently measured initial OH was 5.6% (95% CI: 1.5–18.9%, I2 = 81.1%); 1.0% in the general population (95% CI: 0.0–23.9%, I2 = 0%) and 7.7% in geriatric outpatients (95% CI: 1.8–27.0%, I2 = 86.7%).

Conclusion

The prevalence of initial OH is high in older adults, especially in geriatric outpatients. Proper assessment of initial OH requires continuous blood pressure measurements.
Social Networks in an Assisted Living Community: Correlates of Acquaintance and Companionship Ties Among Residents
Authors: Mauldin Rebecca L , Fujimoto Kayo , Wong Carin , Herrera Sarah , Anderson Keith A
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Social relationships are important for older adults’ well-being, including those who live in assisted living (AL) communities. This study explores coresident networks within an AL community and identifies factors associated with residents’ social ties.

Methods

Acquaintance and companionship networks within the community are described using cross-sectional survey data (N = 38). We use inferential network statistical methods to estimate parameters for factors associated with residents’ acquaintance and companionship ties.

Results

Residents reported an average of 10 acquaintances and almost 4 companionships with other residents in the sample. The likelihood a resident had an acquaintance was associated with higher levels of cognitive functioning (p < .05), higher levels of physical limitations (p < .01), living in the AL community for a longer time (p < .01), and less frequent contact with outside family and friends (p < .05). Acquaintances were more likely between residents who moved in around the same time as each other (p < .01), lived on the same floor (p < .001), or had similar levels of physical limitations (p < .05). Companionships were more likely to be reported by male residents (p < .05) and residents with higher levels of cognitive functioning (p < .05) or depressive symptoms (p < .05). Longtime residents were more popular as companions (p < .01). Companionships were more likely between residents who lived on the same floor (p < .001) or were similar in age (p < .01).

Discussion

This research contributes to the literature of older adults’ nonkin social relationships by providing detailed descriptions of the acquaintance and companionship networks within an AL community, quantifying correlates of residents’ social ties, and distinguishing between acquaintances and companions.
Application of the hollow fibre infection model (HFIM) in antimicrobial development: a systematic review and recommendations of reporting
Authors: Sadouki Zahra , McHugh Timothy D. , Aarnoutse Rob , Ortiz Canseco Julio , Darlow Christopher , Hope William , van Ingen Jakko , Longshaw Christopher , Manissero Davide , Mead Andrew , Pelligand Ludovic , Phee Lynette , Readman John , Ruth Mike M. , Standing Joseph F. , Stone Neil , Wey Emmanuel Q. , Kloprogge Frank
Published: May 2021

Objectives

This systematic review focuses on the use of the in vitro hollow fibre infection model (HFIM) for microbial culture. We summarize the direction of the field to date and propose best-practice principles for reporting of the applications.

Methods

Searches in six databases (MEDLINE®, EMBASE®, PubMed®, BIOSIS®, SCOPUS® and Cochrane®) up to January 2020 identified 129 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently assessed and extracted data from each publication. The quality of reporting of microbiological and technical parameters was analysed.

Results

Forty-seven out of 129 (36.4%) studies did not report the minimum pharmacokinetic parameters required in order to replicate the pharmacokinetic profile of HFIM experiments. Fifty-three out of 129 (41.1%) publications did not report the medium used in the HFIM. The overwhelming majority of publications did not perform any technical repeats [107/129 (82.9%)] or biological repeats [97/129 (75.2%)].

Conclusions

This review demonstrates that most publications provide insufficient data to allow for results to be evaluated, thus impairing the reproducibility of HFIM experiments. Therefore, there is a clear need for the development of laboratory standardization and improved reporting of HFIM experiments.
Improving outcomes and antibiotic stewardship (IOAS) for patients with Gram-positive bloodstream infections through use of rapid testing: a quasi-experimental multicentre study of the Accelerate PhenoTest™ BC Kit
Authors: MacVane Shawn H. , Bhalodi Amira A. , Dare Ryan K. , Rosenbaum Eric R. , Wolfe Kaleb , Ford Bradley , Ince Dilek , Kinn Patrick , Percival Kelly M. , Humphries Romney M.
Published: May 2021

Background

Data from the Improving Outcomes and Antibiotic Stewardship for Patients with Bloodstream Infections: Accelerate PhenoTest™ BC Kit (AXDX) Registry Study were analysed to determine the impact of rapid organism identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for Gram-positive bacteraemia.

Patients and methods

This multicentre, quasi-experimental study evaluated clinical and antimicrobial stewardship metrics following the implementation of AXDX. Data from hospitalized patients with bacteraemia were compared between groups, one that underwent testing on AXDX (post-AXDX) and one that underwent traditional identification and AST (pre-AXDX). An analysis of patients with Gram-positive bacteraemia was performed. The primary outcome was time to optimal therapy (TTOT). Secondary outcomes included time to first antibiotic modification (overall and Gram-positive), duration of unnecessary MRSA coverage, incidence of adverse events, length of stay and mortality.

Results

A total of 219 (109 pre-AXDX, 110 post-AXDX) patients with Gram-positive bacteraemia were included. Median TTOT was 36.3 h (IQR, 16.9–56.7) in the pre-AXDX group and 20.4 h (IQR, 7.5–36.7) in the post-AXDX group (P = 0.01). Compared with pre-AXDX, median time to first antibiotic modification (29.1 versus 15.9 h; P = 0.002), time to first Gram-positive antibiotic modification (33.2 versus 17.2 h; P = 0.003) and median duration of unnecessary MRSA coverage (58.4 versus 29.7 h; P = 0.04) were reduced post-AXDX. A trend towards decreased acute kidney injury (24% versus 13%; P = 0.06) was observed in the post-AXDX group. Groups did not differ in other secondary outcomes.

Conclusions

Implementation of AXDX testing for patients with Gram-positive bacteraemia shortened the TTOT and reduced unnecessary antibiotic exposure due to faster antibiotic modifications.
Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome of Buddleja lindleyana
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Feng Shiyin , Huang Yuying , An Wenli , Yang Zerui , Xie Chunzhu , Zheng Xiasheng
Published: May 2021

Background

Buddleja lindleyana Fort., which belongs to the Loganiaceae with a distribution throughout the tropics, is widely used as an ornamental plant in China. There are several morphologically similar species in the genus Buddleja, but the lack of comprehensive molecular and phylogenetic studies makes it difficult to distinguish related species, which hinders further studies of this genus.

Objective

Using molecular biology techniques to sequence and analyze the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of B. lindleyana.

Methods

After sequencing of the genomic DNA using next-generation sequencing, a series of bioinformatics software were used to assemble and analyze the molecular structure of the cp genome of B. lindleyana.

Results

The complete cp genome of B. lindleyana is a circular 154 487-bp-long molecule with a GC (Guanine and Cytosine) content of 38.1%. It has a quadripartite structure, including a LSC region (85 489 base pair (bp)), a small single-copy region (17 898 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (25 550 bp). A total of 133 genes were identified in this genome, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA (transfer Ribonucleic Acid) genes, eight rRNA (ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid) genes, and two pseudogenes.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the B. lindelyana cp genome could be used as a potential genomic resource to resolve the phylogenetic positions and relationships of Loganiaceae, and will offer valuable information for future research in the identification of Buddleja species and will conduce to genomic investigations into these species.

Highlights

This paper study the B. lindelyana cp genome and it's structural characteristics, and analyze the phylogeny of Loganiaceae.