bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience of setting up of Control room for COVID-19 at NCDC, New Delhi
Authors: Kaushal Kanica , Dhuria Meera , Mariam Warisha , Jain S.K. , Singh Sujeet , Garg Suneela , Chauhan Arun , Singh Ram
Published: April 2021

Significant public health events of the 21st century include epidemic prone diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), influenza A (H1N1), Ebola virus disease, and coronavirus (SARS-COV-2). Preparedness as well as risk mitigation strategies play an integral role for the success of responses to such health emergencies. An extraordinary cluster of cases of respiratory disease of unknown cause triggered a series of events that constituted a public health risk across the globe through international spread from China and was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January, 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). To monitor implementation of activities in order to contain the local transmission of COVID-2019 in India, a control room was established at the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), New Delhi on 23rd January, 2020 under the Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP). The main objectives of the control room were to alleviate the concerns and address queries of passengers arriving from the affected countries and also to provide the general public information regarding the measures to be taken as well as the contact details of the respected district health authorities for further necessary action. A total of 183 hunting lines were established at the NCDC, Noida, TB Centre, and the National Health Authority (NHA) Hyderabad and Bengaluru by March 2020. A total of 79,013 calls, 1,04,779 emails, and 1,787 international calls were received w.e.f. 23 January to 30 March, 2020 at the NCDC control room. The NHA Bengaluru and Hyderabad Control room received 3,52,176 calls w.e.f. 15 March to 30 March and TB Noida control room received 55,018 calls w.e.f. 16 March to 30 March, 2020. This prompt action of the center to set up a control room at the NCDC gave the states enough grace period to train their staff and start their individual help lines for addressing people's queries and allay fears.
Prevalence of tuberculosis and diabetes comorbidity in patients attending secondary healthcare hospital in south India
Authors: Ragouraman Dillieswary , Priyadharsini Raman P. , C Venkatesh
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives:

Tuberculosis, a communicable disease and diabetes, a non-communicable disease together has a bidirectional relationship toward each other withsignificant morbidity and delayed treatment outcome. Therefore, there is a need to identify the prevalence of both these diseases in a community. A retrospective study was planned to identify the prevalence of both diseases among the patients attending secondary hospitals for 3 years.

Methods:

The study was conducted in the chest diseases department in a secondary care hospital after obtaining approval from the institute ethics committee and RNTCP. The retrospective data in the hospital register was used to identify various parameters. The data for basic demographic characteristics, number of new cases, previously treated cases, pulmonary/extrapulmonary cases, drug resistance cases, and DM/TB cases were entered in Microsoft excel and were analyzed.

Results:

The prevalence of TB among the patients attending the chest diseases department was 2.9%, 2.5%, and 3% for the years 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively. The prevalence of DM/TB ranged between 8.5–11%, which is a lesser range when compared with many other studies.

Interpretations and Conclusion:

There was no significant difference in the prevalence between the years. The screening of one disease in the presence of the other can reduce the prevalence and improve the prognosis.
Symptomatic reinfection with COVID-19
Authors: Vora Tanisha , Vora Pragnesh , Vora Falguni , Sharma Kamal , Desai Hardik D.
Published: April 2021

The reinfection of recovered COVID-19 patient is one of the major concerns worldwide. Here we report a case of previously recovered patient from Covid-19 who presented with symptomatic reinfection beyond 3 months. We report a case of 58 year old female patient who after presenting with symptomatic episode of RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 in April 2020, presented with a new symptomatic infection by SARS-CoV-2 four months later. These 2 episodes of infection were caused by different sources as evident from her epidemiological correlates. This is the first epidemiologically, RAT, RT-PCR and antibody confirmed COVID-19 case of re-infection of SARS CoV-2 reported from Western India.
A study to assess the socio-demographic factor and knowledge, attitude, and practice of family planning methods in Lohpeeta migrants tribe located in Shivpuri central India
Authors: Ahirwar Rajesh K. , Kumar Sanjeev , Gupta Shubhanshu , Niranjan Anjana , Prajapati Kshatrapal , Rawal Shailendra
Published: April 2021

Background:

Even though India was the first country in the whole world to introduce the national family planning policy, the acceptance rate of contraceptive methods has been unsatisfactory to date. Many women in their fertility period, who were ready to control their fertility and limit the number of unwanted children, were not aware of different methods of contraceptives available and their proper use and other benefits.

Aim and Objective:

1. To assess the socio-demographic status of the study participants. 2. To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of contraceptive methods in Lohpeeta mobile tribe located in Shivpuri, central India.

Methods:

The present study was an observational cross-sectional survey conducted from 1st December 2019 to 28th February 2020 in Lohpeeta mobile tribe located in Shivpuri local; nonrandom convenience sampling method was used after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, so the total sample size was 209. Data were collected by a principal investigator with a predesigned, pretested, questionnaire by conducting face-to-face interview with the participants. Firstly, the data was administered in an excel sheet then it was analyzed and presented in the form of percentage, and a Chi-square test was applied to assess the level of significance.

Result:

The most common age group of participants was 18–30 year (37.3%) and most were married (97.6%); we found that the knowledge and attitude toward contraceptives of participants was very poor, most 185 (88.5%) of the participants had never used any contraceptive method and only a few participants were using it occasionally, and none of the participants were using any contraceptive methods regularly.

Conclusion:

The knowledge, attitude, and compliance towards contraceptives were poor in this group, we need to focus on this type of migrant population to increase their awareness and change their attitude towards contraceptives, so that they can use it without any fear.
Epidemiological characteristics, reinfection possibilities and vaccine development of SARS CoV2
Authors: Yadav Ramakant , Bajpai Prashant K. , Srivastava Dhiraj K. , Kumar Raj
Published: April 2021

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are 37,704,153 cases and 10,79,029 deaths due to COVID-19 till the 13th October 2020 in the world. Day by day, rise in the number of COVID-19 deaths has created great pressure on health facilities, governmental bodies, and health workers. There is a need for knowledge regarding lifecycle, transmission, and different strains of SARSCoV2, so that countries can stop the disease as early as possible. The present study was conducted to review various epidemiological aspects along with measures used in the containment and prevention of this new pandemic. The scientific literature database was searched using the terms: coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, SARSCoV2, and COVID-19. Articles with appropriate topics fulfilling the objective of the present work were included. The epidemiological characteristics regarding life-cycle, intermediate hosts, viability on various surfaces, strains, case fatality rate, and their implication to reduce the transmission of SARSCoV2 have been identified. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (updated till October 05, 2020) people with recurrent or persistent positive COVID-19 tests in South Korea and USA did not show to have live virus in their bodies. As per WHO web-page information till 15 October 2020, there were 42 candidate vaccines in clinical evaluation and 156 vaccines are in preclinical evaluation phase. As the virus can easily be transmitted to the people either via droplets, fomites, and may be via the fecal–oral route, knowledge regarding the above-mentioned areas is needed for time to be prepared for the next waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Coronavirus disease 2019 and the natural agents
Authors: Alharthi Manal O. , Alasmari Raghad A. , Almatani Rahaf I. , Alharthi Rehab M. , Aljumaiei Suha A. , Alkuhayli Bashayr A. , Kabel Ahmed M.
Published: April 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly discovered RNA virus that belongs to corona virus group. It leads to an infectious state manifested as fever, loss of smell and taste sensations, cough, myalgia, fatigue and headache. The condition may become more serious as difficulty in breathing, chest pain and even death. Until successful vaccine is developed, complimentary and herbal medicine can be used as alternative prevention measure against COVID-19 in high-risk populations. This is because the none of the traditional agents used in the treatment protocols had proven effective results. In addition, recent studies reported that dietary supplements and herbal agents may have effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may contribute efficiently to amelioration of the effects of COVID-19. This review sheds light on the possible role of the natural agents in the management of COVID-19 with reference to the role of the primary care in this issue.
Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour towards oral hygiene of transgenders in Bhubaneswar during COVID-19
Authors: Kumar Gunjan , Sethi Alok K. , Bagchi Anandamoy , Rai Shilpa , Tamilselvan Prathisha
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Reducing harmful oral hygiene practices can minimize the negative impacts of periodontal diseases. Transgenders are among the most vulnerable groups. Knowledge of their oral hygiene awareness, attitude and behaviour shall help in improving their oral health and also in planning oral health strategies specific to this group.

Aim:

To explore the oral hygiene-related knowledge, attitude and practices of transgenders residing in the Bhubaneswar during COVID-19.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among the transgenders residing in Bhubaneswar using a self-structured questionnaire containing questions on knowledge, attitude and practices related to oral hygiene. Mann–Whitney U test was applied to find any significant differences between different variables in groups.

Results:

A total of 205 transgenders participated in the study. Around 43.9% of the transgenders in rural areas felt they had bad breath and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Majority of the participants in the rural areas did not know how to describe the health of their teeth and gums while 43% of the participants in the urban areas felt their oral health was good. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups in the type of material used for cleaning teeth [p = 0.020]. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of brushing their teeth everyday [p = 0.005, duration of brushing [p = 0.052], tools used for cleaning teeth [p = 0.023] and method employed to control mouth odour.

Conclusion:

The information presented in this study adds onto our understanding of the oral hygiene related behaviour among the transgenders.
Awareness of diabetic retinopathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alswaina Nayef F.
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a well-known complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a major cause of vision loss. Increased awareness of DR is crucial for the prevention and early diagnosis of the disease and preservation of vision. The objective of this study is to assess the level of DR awareness in the Qassim region among type 2 diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients who visited diabetic clinics between January and March 2019 in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. This study used structured questionnaires to assess awareness and knowledge of DR. The patients were considered to have a good level of DR awareness if they answered more than 60% of the questions correctly.

Results:

A total of 307 patients with type 2 DM, 201 males (65.5%) and 106 females (34.5%), participated in the current study. The results revealed that 63.5% of the participating patients involved in this study had good knowledge about DR; 86% of the patients had knowledge about the correlation between retinopathy and DM, and 89.9% believed that DR can be prevented by good control of diabetes.

Conclusion:

The study showed that about two-thirds of the participants were aware of DR, and most of them had knowledge about the relationship between retinopathy and DM. Younger patients and the group with a higher level of education were found to be more aware of DR. Awareness of DR should be correlated with behavioral practices to improve a patient's compliance in attending annual eye examinations.
Sensitivity towards patient's presence to avoid violent situations in hospitals
Authors: Lakshmikantha Nandini , Nayak B Shivananda , Kashinkunti Mohan , Javali Shivalingappa B. , Mukherjee Sananda
Published: April 2021

Context:

The process of communication includes intense observation based on which opinions are formed or situations are created. A patient whose is in state of panic due to the health conditions feels neglected and becomes skeptical about the treatment hi/she is going to receive.

Aims:

The aim of the study is to understand the need for being sensitive towards patient's presence while communicating.

Settings and Design:

It was conducted in the outpatient wing of clinics at three different cities of Karnataka using a Sequential Observatory Study design.

Materials and Methods:

Based on the results obtained from the pilot study a final schedule was prepared and sent to people using google drive during the month of Dec 2019. Out of 200 filled forms only 55 patients/relatives were qualified for analysis. SPSS version 17.0 software, Microsoft word and Excel were used in data handling and analysis. Textual analysis was used for presenting interview data.

Results:

The qualitative analysis of the questionnaires found four emerging themes that disturbed the patients psychologically and such situations could lead to violence. The results prove that patients/relatives observe both verbal and nonverbal communication in the hospital from the time of their entry to exit.

Conclusion:

The communication intended or unintended made some impact on the perceptions of the patients about the way they are going to be treated. This indicates that the workforce should be conscious of their behaviour.
Socio-economic determinants of irrigation technology adoption in the management of climate risk in Nigeria.
Authors: Odozi JC , Omonona BT
Published: April 2021

Climate change is expected to compound existing challenges of draught, flood and rainfall variability. It becomes imperative to understand the existing structure of irrigation farming and the socio economic determinants of utilization. The most recent farm household data collected by the National Bureau of statistics in 2010 was used. Results revealed only a few farm households irrigated their plots (3%). Among irrigated plots, 57% used rivers and streams for irrigation; followed by lake (16%) and borehole (15%). Much of irrigation farming was traditional as more than half of the respondents indicated using buckets (11%), diversion of streams (53%) and Shodouf (1%) technology. Access to credit and mono cropping increased the probability of irrigated agriculture while rural location reduced irrigation agriculture. This study suggests the importance of access to credit, transaction cost, extension services and targeting of women and rural areas in the expansion of irrigated agriculture in Nigeria.Key words: irrigated agriculture, climate change, productivity and socio economic Factors
Effect of graded levels of lablab (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet) hay on carcass characteristics of red sokoto goats fed maize stover basal diet
Authors: Hassan MR , Abdu SB , Seyi BS , Amodu JT , Adamu HY , Kabir M , Tamburawa MS
Published: April 2021

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding varying levels of lablab hay on carcass characteristics of Red Sokoto bucks. Twenty (20) male, non castrate Red Sokoto bucks of average initial weight range of 9.30-11.87± 0.1kg, were used for the experiment. They were randomly assigned to five treatment diets containing lablab hay at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels of inclusion, respectively. The bucks were individually pen-fed with the concentrate diets at 2% body weight in a Randomized Complete Block Design for a period of 90 days, before they were slaughtered. Results revealed that a 50% inclusion level of lablab hay in the diet led to 79% higher (P<0.05) dressed weight compared to the control diet (35%). The length of small intestine increased by 51% (P<0.05) at 100% level of inclusion of lablab hay compared to the control diet (25%). Also, there was a 45% increase (P<0.05) in the head weight of the bucks at 75% level of lablab hay inclusion. Similarly, including lablab hay at 100% in the diet led to 55% decrease (P<0.05) in the abdominal fat content compared to the control diet. Generally, lablab hay inclusion in the diet of Red Sokoto bucks led to increased (P<0.05) weight of other prime cuts and organs. It was therefore concluded that lablab hay is a potential feed supplement for Red Sokoto bucks under smallholder systems and should be adopted by the farmers for better performance, heavier carcass weight and lean meat production in Nigeria.Key words: Carcass, diet, goats, lablab, Nigeria
Assessment of participation and poverty levels of IFAD/NDDC/community- based natural resource programme farmers in Abia state, Nigeria
Authors: Nwaobiala CU , Osondu CK
Published: April 2021

Participation and poverty levels of IFAD/NDDC/Community-Based Natural Resource Management Programme farmers in Abia State were studied and assessed in 2012. Purposive and multistage random sampling techniques were used in the selection of Local Government Areas, participating communities, farmer groups and participating farmers. The sample size was 120 participating farmers. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics and poverty analysis. The result indicated that IFAD participating farmers were actively involved in crop (M= 4.7), livestock (M= 3.8), fisheries (M= 3.7) and apiary (M= 3.4) technologies of the programme. The results of poverty indices of IFAD farmers showed that the poverty incidence was 33.33% and poverty gap (21.87%). Also, 2.5%, 20.83% and 76.67% of IFAD farmers were extremely poor, moderately poor and non-poor respectively. It is therefore recommended that policies aimed at timely supply of farm inputs since farming is time bound, replication of the programme to other communities and prompt payment of counterpart funds by federal, state and local governments were advocated for poverty reduction in the rural areas.Key words: Assessment, Participation, Poverty, IFAD, Farmers
Comparative analysis of informal borrowing behaviour between male and female-headed farm households in the rural communities of Abia state, Nigeria.
Authors: Egbeogu MN , Ezeh CI , Anyiro CO
Published: April 2021

The study dealt on the comparative analysis of informal borrowing behaviours between male and female-headed farm households in the rural communities of Abia State, Nigeria. The study was sought to identify the socio-economic characteristics of rural male and female – headed farm households in the study area, and to determine the socio-economic factors that influence borrowing behaviour of rural male and female-headed farm households in Abia State. Multi - stage random sampling technique was adopted in the selection of 216 farm households comprising of 108 male and 108 female headed farm households. Tools of analyses were descriptive statistics of mean and percentages and probit model, The result of the Probit model on the variables influencing borrowing behaviour of male-headed households indicated that the coefficients of household size, farm size, purpose of borrowing, loan duration, interest rate and collateral agreement were the significant variables at varied risk levels, with a Pseudo R2 of 0.814. The significant variables that influenced borrowing behaviour of female-headed households using Probit model were households size, loan size, farm size and borrowing purpose with a Pseudo R2 value of 0.744. The need to drastically reduce the interest rate charged to farm households on borrowed fund, relaxing the issue of collateral was recommended for this study because of its dampening effect on the desire to borrow by the rural households.Keywords: Borrowing behaviour, informal credit, probit model, male and female headed
Effect of Fadama III programme on poverty status of rice farming households in Patigi local government area of Kwara state, Nigeria
Authors: Adenuga AH , Omotesho OA , Babatunde RO , Popoola DP , Opeyemi G
Published: April 2021

Concern about the menace posed by poverty has led the Nigerian government over the years to devote considerable attentions to alleviating its scourge through various aids and programmes. However, little is known as to the extent to which the objectives of these programmes have been achieved. This study was therefore carried out to examine the micro level effect of the National Fadama III Programme on poverty status of rice farming households in Patigi Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. A purposive- two stage random sampling technique was used to select 60 beneficiaries and 60 non-beneficiaries of the programme using a well structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Foster Greer Thorbecke model and the Tobit regression model were the major analytical tools employed. The results obtained from the headcount indices showed that, 33% and 60% of the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries respectively are poor. The poverty gap indices were 0.36 and 0.45 for Fadama III and non Fadama III farmers respectively while the squared poverty gap was 0.17 and 0.22 respectively. The result of the Paired t-test showed that the National Fadama III programme impacted positively and significantly on the beneficiaries’ welfare. The Tobit regression analysis revealed, that household size, farm income, educational level of the household head, age and beneficiary status were the major determinants of poverty in the study area. Based on findings of the study, it was recommended that farming households especially women should be given increased access to programmes such as the National fadama III programme to improve their welfare and increase agricultural production in the country.Keywords: Fadama III; poverty; Tobit; Beneficiaries; Patigi
Knowledge, attitude and perception on antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance among final year medical students in the College of Medicine, Malawi
Authors: Kamoto Alfred
Published: April 2021

BackgroundMedical curricula need to provide adequate knowledge on antimicrobial medicine use and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Such knowledge is critical in shaping correct attitudes and perceptions among future prescribers. However, the extent of preparation provided by medical curricula remains unknown.AimThe current study sought to determine knowledge, attitude and perception on antimicrobial use and AMR among final year medical students in Malawi.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken among all final year medical students at the College of Medicine, University of Malawi in 2016. Total population sampling and self-administered questionnaires were used. Data were entered using Microsoft Excel and analysed with Epi info. Descriptive analysis for categorical data was done using frequencies and proportions, and for continuous data using measures of central tendency.ResultsThe response rate in this study was 95%. The mean and median aggregated scores were 7.2 and 7, respectively, for the 11 knowledge questions. Over 88% of the respondents answered more than half of the knowledge questions correctly. Respondents agreed that antimicrobials are overused both at national (50; 69%) and at hospital (52; 72%) levels.ConclusionThis study reports high aggregated knowledge scores on antimicrobial use and resistance with wide variations on correct knowledge scores per question. The study further shows varying level in attitudes and perceptions among medical students. Overall, there were gaps on antimicrobial use and knowledge of AMR which the medical curriculum should addresses.
Bacterial and heavy metal contamination in selected commonly sold herbal medicine in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Kalumbi Martin
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThere has been an increase in use of herbal medicine worldwide. It is either used as a stand-alone or complementary therapy to conventional medicine due to past good experience, poverty and family traditions. In Malawi, there are no regulations governing the supply, acquisition, marketing and quality enforcement of herbal medicine. This compromises its safety thereby exposing consumers to avoidable bacteria and heavy metals leading to various adverse health effects. MethodsCross-sectional laboratory experiments were conducted to determine bacterial and heavy metal contamination of herbal medicine commonly sold in Blantyre, Malawi. A total of 47 samples which were in three formulations namely liquid, powder and tablet were used in the experiments. 29 samples were used for bacterial limit tests and 18 samples were used for heavy metal analysis. Bacterial contamination was determined by streak plate method and biochemical tests while heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were calculated using Microsoft excel and SPSS software programs. ResultsTwenty out of the 29 samples (68.9%) were contaminated with Bacillus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter and other-Coliform bacterial species. Most isolated microorganism was Citrobacter spp. (30%), followed by Bacillus spp. (25%). Out of 20 contaminated samples, 75% were contaminated with coliforms. From these 75% which were contaminated with coliforms, 93.3% of them exceeded WHO regulatory limit (103 CFU/g for enterobacteria). Although liquid samples had the highest level of bacterial contaminants, the count was not statistically different from other formulations (P = 0.058). For heavy metals, lead and cadmium were detected and 67% of the samples had lead levels exceeding regulatory limits. ConclusionLevels of bacterial and lead contamination in herbal medicine from Blantyre markets are far above acceptable limits set by WHO and Canadian guidelines. The use of these herbal medicines is a major risk to the health of consumers.
Political economy of central-bank mandates in developing countries
Authors: Ybrayev Zhandos
Published: April 2021

In this paper, I explain theoretically the coordination and conflict scheme of fiscal and monetary policy workings, and then empirically assess the effect of both inflation-targeting and non-inflation-only targeting policies on inflation and unemployment rates. I employ a difference-in-difference method to estimate the impact on inflation, the unemployment rate, and their volatilities in both 10 inflation-targeting (single-mandate) and 11 non-inflation-targeting (multiple-mandate) countries specifically from the sample of developing economies over the period from 1998 to 2018. Our key findings show that while the inflation-targeting countries effectively present a reduction in inflation and inflation volatility, the effects on the unemployment rate are negligible, while unemployment volatility is higher in the period 1998–2008. Finally, the paper argues that the unemployment rate should be used as a natural second target in a typical emerging-market economy case.
Dönemsel Anomalilerin Borsa İstanbul’da İşlem Gören Mevduat Bankaları Hisse Değerlerinde Test Edilmesi
Authors: KESKIN Meltem , YUCEL Ahmet
Published: April 2021

Bankalar, finansal piyasaların en temel aracı kurumların başında gelir ve fon arz edenlerle fon talep edenlerin karşılaştırır. Yatırımcıdan borç para kullanma ihtiyacı olanlara doğru fonların etkin bir biçimde aktarılmasını sağlar.  Böylece finansal sistemin etkinliği artarak fon fazlası ve fon talebi uygun fiyatlarla karşılaşma olanağı bulur. Ancak, finansal piyasalarda işlem yapan katılımcılar, bazı dönemlerde genel kabul görmüş etkin piyasa teorileri ile örtüşmeyen, sıra dışı gerçeklikler yaşayabilmektedirler. Genel kabul gören ilkelere aykırı olarak piyasalarda oluşan bu durumlar finansal anomali olarak adlandırılabilir. Çalışmanın amacı; Borsa İstanbul’daki (BIST) olası dönemsel anomalilerin ampirik olarak incelenmesidir. Bu çerçevede BIST 100’de işlem gören dokuz adet mevduat bankasına ait hisse değeri hareketleri, 2015 - 2019 arası dönemi ve 2020 yılını kapsayacak şekilde, karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda; 2020 yılının on ayını etkisi altına alan Covid-19 salgın döneminde mevduat bankalarına ait hisse değeri hareketleri ile 2015 - 2019 arası döneme ait hisse değeri hareketleri arasında belirgin bir fark gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durum mevduat bankalarının hisse değeri hareketlerinde dönemsel anomali etkisini açık şekilde ortaya koymaktadır.
MANAGEMENT OF THE ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF PRODUCTION OF ECOLOGICALLY SAFE PRODUCTS
Authors: Yekel Hanna
Published: April 2021

The article presents the theoretical aspects of formation of the economic mechanism of management of production of ecologically safe products. On the basis of the systematic approach identifies key elements in its structure. The authors defined the main principles of formation of the mechanism of production of ecologically safe products. In conditional in modern conditions of uncertainty importance must be a cause, not a consequence. This applies not only to people but also to businesses. Restoring the lost ecological balance and restoration of depleted natural resources require revision of existing approaches to the management of production. The article aims was to study the theoretical aspects of formation of organizational and economic mechanism of production of ecologically safe products and identify key elements in its structure. The mechanism of management is based on the following weekend fundamental elements: principles, objectives, functions and management methods were defined. The system of management includes objectives, functional and system software were established in the article. The building of effective organizational and economic mechanism of management of production of ecologically safe products provides a symbiosis of environmental factors and internal capabilities of subjects of management, which promotes the development of production in the long run were performed. This proposed mechanism would be allow: to solve the food problem in terms of the production of safe and quality products; to restore the lost balance of agro-ecosystems; to strengthen the export potential and reduce the import of high-quality organic products; facilitate the formation of the market of organic products and promote these products among the population; redirect state environmental policy toward the interests of the population, improvement of living conditions, rational use and reproduction of natural resources. The authors specified that the further research would be directed towards the formation mechanism of ecologically efficient use of land for the rational use of agricultural land, conservation and improvement of soil fertility.
PECULIARITIES OF INNOVATIVE MARKETING IMPLEMENTATION IN AGRIBUSINESS
Authors: Ilchenko Tetiana
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the article is to define and substantiate the main determinants and features of innovative marketing implementation in agribusiness. The results of activities, measured by profit, are influenced by the innovative marketing of the enterprise. Innovative marketing allows the company to offer cheaper and better quality products. The determinants of innovative marketing in agribusiness are compared. The study showed that there are differences in the determinants of innovative marketing between agribusiness and other sectors of the economy. In addition, there are differences in organizational, process and innovation in the field of agribusiness. The results indicate the need for further study of innovative marketing and its relationship with other innovations, taking into account different sectors of the economy and territories. Business strategies and government programs that promote innovation must take into account the differences between types of innovation. Innovations as a subject of marketing theory are analyzed; special emphasis is placed on agribusiness. The organization of marketing is crucial for successful marketing. A special organizational characteristic of the sale of agricultural products and food products is that marketing often covers the entire chain of agricultural production from producer to final consumer. This article deals with the introduction of innovative marketing in agribusiness. She pays special attention to the organization of innovative marketing in agricultural enterprises. The organization of marketing in agricultural enterprises is very specific due to the relationship between production and natural factors. Although this article was written on a conceptual level, it provides a realistic picture of the actual trends that emerge in the organization of innovative marketing in agribusiness. The article considers some general characteristics, presents the organization of marketing and the factors influencing innovations in agribusiness. Important changes that have taken place in agricultural markets and the resulting market strategies are also discussed in the article.
EFFECT OF INSTITUTIONAL POLICY ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF ACADEMIC STAFF OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN NIGERIA
Authors: Okolocha Bonaventure , Okolocha Chimezie , Ezejiofor Raymond
Published: April 2021

This study determined the effect of institutional policy on employee performance of the academic staff of public universities in South-East, Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted. Sample of the study comprises of one thousand seven hundred and eighty Academic Staff of the ten selected Universities in South-East, Nigeria. Data was obtained from questionnaire administered on the sampled population. Data obtained was analyzed with the aid of SPSS version 20.0 that involved a regression analysis. The study findings revealed that institutional policy has positive significant effect on employee performance of the academic staff of public universities in Nigeria. Based on this, the researchers recommended that there is need for government and university authorities to formulate and implement institutional policies that are employee driven and recognizes the peculiarities of academic staff in terms of their physical and psychological needs.
DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION MODEL OF NEW SERVICES OFFERINGS IN UNIVERSITIES OF KARACHI
Authors:   Institute of Business & Technology (IBT) Karachi Pakistan, Ahmed Shuaib
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This research study aims to investigate the influence of adoption of new major/specialization in the universities of Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology/Sampling: Using students’ sample, this research test the relationship of selected variables i.e. Relative advantage, Observe-ability, Trial-ability, Compatibility and Complexity with the behavior of students in adopting a new major/specialization. Findings:The study significantly reveals that the students performing well are looking for innovative majors and accepting a new major as a challenge. The results show that the relative advantage, compatibility, trail-ability, complexity and observe-ability are positively correlated with the adoption of new major. Practical Implications: Diffusion of innovation model is a useful predictor of students enrolling in new major areas of study. The findings are helpful for academicians, bureau of curriculum and other institutions to design and market new academic programs.
Impact of Silicon Foliar in Some of Antioxidant Enzymes and Oil Yield in Safflower Cultivars Exposed to Drought Stress
Authors: Sadeghi Mehdi , Bazrafshan Foroud , Zare Mahdi , Alizadeh Omid , Amiri Bahram
Published: April 2021

Drought stress is considered as a main restriction to have the best potential crops performance in arid and semi-arid regions in the world. Hence, some mechanistic strategies are required to manage drought stress detrimental influences. Silicon as an essential mineral nutrient, plays an important role in physiology, metabolism, and function of crops exposed to drought stress. This study was carried out to evaluate the influences of various irrigation regimes and silicon foliar on three safflower cultivars to find the optimal irrigation level and silicon fertilizer. Three levels of irrigation (0, 2 and 4 times irrigation during growth) were main plots and sub plots were three silicon foliar levels (0, 1 and 2 mM) and three safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Padideh and Golmehr). This experiment was performed in Firouzabad city, Fars Province, Iran with latitude 28°51' N and longitude 52°36' E, during 2018 and 2019. Malondialdehyde content (MDA), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), oil yield, oil content and seed yield were measured on these cultivars. Interactive effects of irrigation, silicon and cultivars were significant (p<0.01) for MDA, APX, oil yield and oil content. Drought stress in the all safflower cultivars caused a decline in seed yield, oil content and oil yield. On the other hands, silicon was mediated to decrease effect of drought stress and increased amount of seed yield, oil content, oil yield, PPO and SOD. The highest seed and oil yield were observed in Goldasht cultivar under full irrigation and 2mM silicon. Thus, it can be suggested that 1 mM of silicon foliar may ameliorate the performance of safflower exposed to drought stress.
Activity of Photosynthesis and Dynamics of Carbohydrates of Stachys l. Types in different Introduction Conditions
Authors: Eshmuratov R.A. , Embergenov D. , Bayniyazova G.
Published: April 2021

In the article perennial ornamental, medicinal plants belonging to Stachys L. of the family Lamiaceae - Stachys byzantina C. Koch = S. lanata Jacq. and S. betonicaeflora Rupr. were the first described in detail the experimental data from the study of physiological processes in two unsalted (Tashkent) and saline (Mirzachul) soil-climatic conditions.
Finite Element Investigation of Moment Effect on Fretting Fatigue
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering department, Louisiana State university, Baton Rouge, USA, Hajshirmohammadi Behnam
Published: April 2021

Fretting fatigue is a degrading process which is responsible for considerable amount of mechanical structure failure every year. In the present study, a finite element model is proposed to show the effect of a bending moment on a flat surface under fretting loading. The results show that the bending moment has a major effect on the friction stress distribution on the surface of the two solids under contact. Finite element analysis predicts an increased damage effect on the surface of solids when a load is applied as a pure moment. The results predict elevation in the relative slip between the surfaces after applying the bending moment.
Gender Differences in Dynamic of Job Stress as Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Population Aged 25-64 Years from 1988 to 2017
Authors:   Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics RAS, Novosibirsk, VV Gafarov
Published: April 2021

The Aim: To determine gender differences in the dynamic of job stress indicators in an open population of 25-64 years over a long-term period - 29 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk). Methods: Within the framework of the screening in 1988-89 under the WHO MONICA-psychosocial (MOPSY) program (n=1676, 49.5% males, mean age 44.1±0.4 years), in 2003-2005 under the international project HAPIEE (n=1650, 34.9% males, mean age 54.25±0.2 years), in 2013-2016 (n=975, 43.8% males, mean age 34.5±0,4 years) and 2016-2017 (n=663, 41.3% males, mean age 51.95±0.32 years) within the framework of the budgetary theme No. AAAA-A17-117112850280-2, random representative samples of men and women in one of districts in Novosibirsk were examined. Job stress indicators were assessed using the Karasek’s scale adopted by MONICA-MOPSY. Results: About 40% of male and female population in 1988 reported a change in occupation in the previous 12 years. The highest proportion of such persons was observed in the younger age groups and significant gender differences were also found there. By 2016-17, the proportion of those who changed their specialty decreased but gender differences were not determined. In 2016-17, the proportion of men and women who enjoy their job increased slightly compared to 1988, but the gender difference was insignificant.
Smart Learning Improves Student Participation
Authors: Ni Lee Bih , Chai Wan Luen , Abdullah Sopiah
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses smart learning improves student participation. The transmission of COVID-19 affects the lives of everyone in Malaysia. Many hope that life will return to normal. The objective of the study was to identify several ways of online learning for students especially stay at home due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Researchers use narrative literature studies to illustrate the current state of art and science in the field of research focused. Researcher used narrative literature reviews to build a scientific base of knowledge. Researcher gather all the key points in the discussion, and put it here by referring to the specific field where the paper is essentially based. The findings show that the parents certainly require their children to be able to resume school after closed since mid-March 2020 which affect the learning process of 4.9 million students nationwide. The Ministry of Education (MOE) learning activities are still running as usual with teachers advised to find the best method. These are students who strive to learn remotely online and use electronic equipment (e-learning). The reality is, the e-learning situation is very different from the daily school routine.
Komunikasi dalam Adaptasi Antara Budaya Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di Malaysia
Authors: Ridaryanthi Melly
Published: April 2021

Kajian ini melihat pengalaman komunikasi dan adaptasi antara budaya Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) di Malaysia. Penghijrahan TKI ke Malaysia yang berlaku terus menerus penting untuk dikaji daripada sudut pandang ilmu komunikasi. Keberadaan TKI sebagai pendatang tidak dapat dielakkan dari terwujudnya interaksi dan komunikasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari di negara tuan rumah. Untuk itu, kajian ini meneroka pengalaman komunikasi dan adaptasi TKI di negara destinasi dengan menjalankan kajian kualitatif dengan perbincangan kumpulan fokus dan temu bual mendalam untuk kajian lapangan. Didapati bahawa interaksi dan komunikasi TKI dalam penghijrahan wujud antara sesama TKI penghijrah, antara TKI dengan keluarga di tanah air, antara TKI dengan masyarakat tuan rumah dan komunikasi melalui penggunaan media. Diketahui bahawa pendedahan ke atas media massa memberikan kesan ke atas pembentukan persepsi, stereotaip dan bahkan prejudis dalam interaksi sehari-hari. Sebagai kesannya, masyarakat tuan rumah cenderung membangun interaksi dengan TKI pada permukaan sahaja. Kesan daripada pengalaman bekerja di luar negara dihuraikan sebagai gambaran bagaimana mereka melalui pengalaman penghijrahan mereka di rantau dalam proses adaptasi antara budayanya.
Reader-Response Theory: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kunjanman Sugitha , Aziz Azlina Abdul
Published: April 2021

This paper presents an analysis of a systematic review of relevant published past research on the reader’s response theory. The studies reviewed are from the year 2013 to 2020 with the total number of fourteen studies. The main aim of this systematic review is to depict an empirical information formulation discovered through multiple methods in previous scholarly research on the Reader’s Response Theory. This systematic study addresses the current findings in reader response theory. The findings focus on the benefits of using the reader-response theory as well as the challenges of faced by a few researchers.
Systematic Review: Challenges in Teaching Writing Skills for Upper Secondary in ESL Classrooms and Suggestions to overcome them
Authors: Palanisamy Saravanan A/L , Abdul Aziz Azlina
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a systematic review of relevant published studies on challenges in teaching writing skills for upper secondary in ESL classrooms and solutions to overcome them from year 2012-2020. This systematic review attempts to address two research questions ; i.e. what are the writing challenges of the students and what are the solutions to overcome writing challenges faced by ESL students. 12 single studies and 2 systematic reviews were systematically reviewed and revealed that the most challenges encountered by students in writing are word choice, vocabulary, grammar and poor organisation of ideas. The findings also shed some lights on solutions to overcome the challenges from teachers’ and students’ perspective. Teachers should act as a guidance by providing sample essays, giving feedbacks and choose suitable approach by identifying students’ needs. Meanwhile the students should read more to generate ideas and improve their vocabulary and grammar knowledge.
Pengaruh Komunikasi Dan Hubungan Industrial Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Pada Hotel Fave Petitenget Kabupaten Badung Bali
Authors: Merta I Ketut , Elik Astari Anak Agung , Ernawati Kertagam Ni Kadek
Published: April 2021

In the research result, analysis and discussion about the problem of influence between independent variable and dependent by using methodology of multiple regression analysis, the number of respondents 78 people from the total population, can be explained as follows: Communication Variables (X1) partially significant effect on variable Satisfaction employee work (Y). With the t test on the Communication variable produces: t count of 3.202 and significance of 0.002. t arithmetic 3.202 t table whose value is 1.663 with significance level 0.173 0.05, it can be seen that the hypothesis that Communications have a significant positive effect on employee job satisfaction. So that communication take the role of doniman in employee job satisfaction. Variable of Industrial Relations (X2) partially significant result t count equal to 5,349 and significance equal to 0,000. t count 5.349 t table whose value is 1.663 with significance level 0.173 0.05, it can be seen that the hypothesis expressing industrial relations have a significant positive effect on employee job satisfaction, this proves industrial relations run harmonious .. Hypothesis accepted by t arithmetic 1.377 t table 0.663, then the hypothesis which states that there is a significant positive influence between communication and industrial relations with employee job satisfaction. With the good relationship to the two variables so that employee job satisfaction can run well, further research can be done on other occasions with variables outside this research.