bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Affordability of newer antiseizure medications in Asian resource‐limited countries
Authors: Fong Si‐Lei , Thuy Le Minh‐An , Lim Kheng‐Seang , Khosama Herlyani , Ohnmar Ohnmar , Savath Say , Mogal Zarine , Cabral‐Lim Leonor , Hung Stefanie Kar‐Yan , Asranna Ajay , Hussain Mohammad Enayet , Ng Chiu‐Wan , Tan Chong‐Tin
Published: May 2023

Objective

One of the objectives of the Intersectoral Global Action Plan on epilepsy and other neurological disorders for 2022 to 2031 is to ensure at least 80% of people with epilepsy (PWE) will have access to appropriate, affordable, and safe antiseizure medications (ASMs) by 2031. However, ASM affordability is a significant issue in low‐ and middle‐income countries, preventing PWE from accessing optimal treatment. This study aimed to determine the affordability of the newer (second and third generation) ASMs in resource‐limited countries in Asia.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional survey by contacting country representatives in lower‐middle‐income countries (LMICs) in Asia, including Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), Myanmar, Philippines, Vietnam, India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, and the upper‐middle‐income country Malaysia, from March 2022 to April 2022. The affordability of each ASM was calculated by dividing the 30‐day ASM cost by the daily wage of the lowest paid unskilled laborers. Treatment costing 1 day's wage or less for a 30‐day supply of chronic disease is considered affordable.

Results

Eight LMICs and one upper‐middle‐income country were included in this study. Lao PDR had no newer ASM, and Vietnam had only three newer ASMs. The most frequently available ASMs were levetiracetam, topiramate, and lamotrigine, and the least frequently available was lacosamide. The majority of the newer ASMs were unaffordable, with the median number of days' wages for a 30‐day supply ranging from 5.6 to 14.8 days.

Significance

All new generation ASMs, whether original or generic brands, were unaffordable in most Asian LMICs.
Reflective functioning and emotion socialization behaviors in caregivers of preschoolers
Authors: Yule Kristen , Grych John
Published: May 2023

Objective

The present study assessed the associations between caregivers' adverse experiences with childhood caregivers, adult and parental reflective functioning (RF), and emotion socialization strategies with their preschoolers in an effort to illuminate the unique and joint contribution of adult and parental RF in caregiving.

Background

Parental RF is defined as parents' ability to reflect on their child's state of mind, whereas adult RF involves parents' capacity to reflect on their own experiences with childhood caregivers. Most research on adult and parental RF has examined these constructs separately, making it unclear whether adult and parental RF play similar or different roles in caregiving.

Method

Participants were 64 preschooler–caregiver dyads from Head Start programs (Mchildage = 4; 81% Black). A multimethod approach was used, including self‐report, interview, and observational measures. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were employed to evaluate whether adult and parental RF accounted for unique or joint variance in caregivers' emotion socialization behaviors after accounting for caregivers' adverse experiences with childhood caregivers. Adult RF also was tested as a moderator of the relation between caregivers' adverse experiences with childhood caregivers and emotion socialization strategies.

Results

Adult and parental RF each demonstrated unique associations with particular emotion socialization strategies. Adult RF also moderated the association between caregivers' exposure to maladaptive parenting in childhood and emotion socialization behaviors.

Conclusion and implications

Findings suggest that both types of RF are important for caregivers' ability to validate children's emotions and that reflecting on caregiving received in childhood can act as a protective mechanism and help promote effective caregiving behaviors.
Predicting combinations of community mean traits using joint modelling
Authors: Poggiato Giovanni , Gaüzere Pierre , Martinez‐Almoyna Camille , Deschamps Gabrielle , Renaud Julien , Violle Cyrille , Münkemüller Tamara , Thuiller Wilfried
Published: May 2023

Aim

Understanding how combinations of ecological traits at the community‐level vary with environmental conditions is crucial to anticipate and respond to the biodiversity crisis. While this topic is popular, most attempts to analyse and predict multiple traits in space and time ignore the inherent correlations between these traits. In doing so, the predicted traits in unobserved environments are likely to be flawed (i.e. unrealistic trait combinations). Here, we propose a framework that addresses this methodological question in functional biogeography.

Innovation

Our framework relies on joint trait distribution models to quantify how combinations of mean trait values at the community level co‐vary as a function of environmental conditions. Making use of joint probabilities and the constraints imposed by trait correlations, our framework not only predicts the most suitable combination of traits in a given environment but also the envelope of possible alternatives. This innovation allows visualizing how the correlation structure between traits imposes a strong constraint (or not) on the expected combination of traits in a given environment. The stronger trait correlations, the smaller the envelope of likely alternative states. We provide an R package implementing our framework.

Main Conclusions

Applied to plant communities in the French Alps, our framework quantifies the variation of trait combinations at the community‐level along environmental gradients that, otherwise, could not be identified. Strong correlations in community mean leaf traits led to a low diversity of alternative combinations of community means, which can only vary along the acquisition‐conservation spectrum. Instead, height varied partly independently of leaf traits, leading to a higher diversity in the combinations of mean community traits. Our framework allows for a more integrated understanding and prediction of the distribution of traits, thus moving a descriptive functional biogeography to a more predictive science.
Carrie's first academic conference—On the possibilities of feminist storytelling and fiction in management
Authors: Winter M.
Published: May 2023

In this article, I make a case for the methodological value of fiction and feminist storytelling to writing practices in management studies as well as provide an example of how this might be done. The epistemological conditions of fiction stimulate feminist critique distinct from the possibilities of autoethnography; we can write with less fear, in new collaborative and beautiful ways, with an audience in mind. Fiction offers us the opportunity to conjure collective dreams, to imagine feminist futures—it allows us to tell stories that simultaneously capture and release us. In practicing this, I present a fictionalized narrative inspired by an experience I had as a first year PhD researcher at a business management conference. There is nothing special or unique about the story. It is made up of the mundane, and yet it is overflowing with thematic significance. The story touches upon the aesthetics of academia, a politics of care, gaslighting, heteronormative assumptions, sexualization, embodiment, and neoliberal feminism, demonstrating how a single interaction can be about very many other, contradicting and co‐productive, things. I offer it as a message of solidarity to those who, like me, may struggle to articulate what exactly just happened, but know in their bodies that it was not fair—that it did not feel right.
Autoantigen‐selected B cells are bystanders in spontaneous T cell‐driven experimental autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Lübbering David , Preti Max , Schlott Lena , Schultheiß Christoph , Weidemann Sören , Lohse Ansgar W. , Binder Mascha , Carambia Antonella , Herkel Johannes
Published: May 2023

Autoreactive B cells are considered pathogenic drivers in many autoimmune diseases; however, it is not clear whether autoimmune B cells are invariably pathogenic or whether they can also arise as bystanders of T cell‐driven autoimmune pathology. Here, we studied the B cell response in an autoantigen‐ and CD4+ T cell‐driven model of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), the Alb‐iGP_Smarta mouse in which expression of a viral model antigen (GP) in hepatocytes and its recognition by GP‐specific CD4+ T cells causes spontaneous AIH‐like disease. T cell‐driven AIH in Alb‐iGP_Smarta mice was marked by autoantibodies and hepatic infiltration of plasma cells and B cells, particularly of isotype‐switched memory B cells, indicating antigen‐driven selection and activation. Immunosequencing of B cell receptor repertoires confirmed B cell expansion selectively in the liver, which was most likely driven by the hepatic GP model antigen, as indicated by branched networks of connected sequences and elevated levels of IgG antibodies to GP. However, intrahepatic B cells did not produce increased levels of cytokines and their depletion with anti‐CD20 antibody did not alter the CD4+ T cell response in Alb‐iGP_Smarta mice. Moreover, B cell depletion did not prevent spontaneous liver inflammation and AIH‐like disease in Alb‐iGP_Smarta mice. In conclusion, selection and isotype‐switch of liver‐infiltrating B cells was dependent on the presence of CD4+ T cells recognizing liver antigen. However, recognition of hepatic antigen by CD4+ T cells and CD4+ T cell‐mediated hepatitis was not dependent on B cells. Thus, autoreactive B cells can be bystanders and need not be drivers of liver inflammation in AIH.
Effect of possible risk factors for pharyngocutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy of laryngeal carcinomas and surgical wound infection: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chang Xiaojing , Hu Yuan
Published: May 2023

A meta‐analysis study to assess the effect of possible risk factors for pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) after total laryngectomy of laryngeal carcinoma. A comprehensive literature examination till January 2023 was implemented and 1794 linked studies were appraised. The picked studies contained 3140 subjects with total laryngectomy of laryngeal carcinomas in the picked studies' baseline, 760 of them were PCF, and 2380 were no PCF. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the consequence of possible risk factors for PCF after total laryngectomy of laryngeal carcinomas and surgical wound infection after total laryngectomy of laryngeal carcinoma by the dichotomous and continuous styles and a fixed or random model. The PCF had a significantly higher surgical wound infection (OR, 6.34; 95% CI, 1.89–21.27, P = .003) compared with the no PCF in total laryngectomy of laryngeal carcinomas. The smoking (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.15–2.61, P = .008), and preoperative radiation (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.37–2.65, P < .001) had significantly higher PCF as a risk factor in total laryngectomy of laryngeal carcinomas. The preoperative radiation had a significantly lower spontaneous PCF closure (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.14–0.79, P = .01) compared with the no preoperative radiation in total laryngectomy of laryngeal carcinomas. However, the neck dissection (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.75–2.38, P = .32), and alcohol intake (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 0.76–5.05, P = .17), had no significant effect on PCF in total laryngectomy of the PCF had a significantly higher surgical wound infection, and preoperative radiation had a significantly lower spontaneous PCF closure in total laryngectomy of laryngeal carcinomas. Smoking and preoperative radiation were shown to be risk factors for PCF, however, neck dissection and alcohol intake were not shown to be risk factors for PCF in total laryngectomy of laryngeal carcinomas. Although precautions should be taken when commerce with the consequences because some of the picked studies for this meta‐analysis was with low sample sizes.
Shared soundscapes: The (re)activation of an institutional and individual archive of Peruvian music and dance
Authors: Barreto Rocío , Cánepa Gisela , Kummels Ingrid , Maradiegue Walther
Published: May 2023

“Shared soundscapes” is a key concept that allows us to identify the multiplicity of agencies involved in historical sound recordings and their reactivation today. We use the notion to compare two very different Peruvian case studies concerning Asháninka and Nomatsiguenga peoples of the Central Rainforest and Muchik, Quechua, and mestizo peoples in the Lambayeque region, along with their respective music traditions. Part of their sonic legacy is stored in archives; one was created by an individual anthropologist, and the other is an institutional ethnomusicological archive. The comparison of historical and current soundscapes brings to the fore anthropological issues regarding how a web of actors—among them sonic activists from academia and these communities—have shaped these archives as a process and practice. It raises questions about collaborative approaches to decolonize repositories, which implies handing over rights to individuals and communities so that they can make decisions about their sonic legacies.
The T2‐FLAIR mismatch sign as an imaging biomarker for oligodendrogliomas in dogs
Authors: Garcia‐Mora Josefa , Parker Rell L. , Cecere Thomas , Robertson John L. , Rossmeisl John H.
Published: May 2023

Background

In humans, the T2‐weighted (T2W)—fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch sign (T2FMM) is a specific imaging biomarker for the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1)‐mutated, 1p/19q non‐codeleted low‐grade astrocytomas (LGA). The T2FMM is characterized by a homogeneous hyperintense T2W signal and a hypointense signal with a hyperintense peripheral rim on FLAIR sequences. In gliomas in dogs, the T2FMM has not been described.

Hypotheses/Objectives

In dogs with focal intra‐axial brain lesions, T2FMM will discriminate gliomas from other lesions. The T2FMM will be associated with the LGA phenotype and presence of microcysts on histopathology. Interobserver agreement for T2FMM magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features will be high.

Animals

One hundred eighty‐six dogs with histopathologically diagnosed focal intra‐axial lesions on brain MRI including oligodendrogliomas (n = 90), astrocytomas (n = 47), undefined gliomas (n = 9), cerebrovascular accidents (n = 33), and inflammatory lesions (n = 7).

Methods

Two blinded raters evaluated the 186 MRI studies and identified cases with the T2FMM. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical slides of T2FMM cases were evaluated for morphologic features and IDH1‐mutations and compared to cases without the T2FMM. Gene expression analyses were performed on a subset of oligodendrogliomas (n = 10) with and without T2FMM.

Results

The T2FMM was identified in 14/186 (8%) of MRI studies, and all dogs with T2FMM had oligodendrogliomas (n = 12 low‐grade [LGO], n = 2 high‐grade [HGO]; P < .001). Microcystic change was significantly associated with the T2FMM (P < .00001). In oligodendrogliomas with T2FMM, IDH1‐mutations or specific differentially expressed genes were not identified.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

The T2FMM can be readily identified on routinely obtained MRI sequences. It is a specific biomarker for oligodendroglioma in dogs, and was significantly associated with non‐enhancing LGO.
Acute cysticercosis caused by Cysticercus tenuicollis in lambs
Authors: Abdollahi Mostafa , Lotfollahzadeh Samad , Shokrpoor Sara , Ashrafi Tamai Iradj
Published: May 2023

Twelve 30‐ to 75‐day‐old mixed breed lambs were examined in an intensive system because of sudden recumbency and death. Clinical examination revealed sudden recumbency, visceral pain, and auscultation of respiratory crackles. Lambs died shortly (between 30 minutes and 3 hours) after the onset of clinical signs. The lambs were necropsied, and after routine parasitology, bacteriology and histopathology procedures, the occurrence of acute cysticercosis caused by Cysticercus tenuicollis was confirmed. The use of the suspect infested feed (newly purchased starter concentrate) was discontinued and other lambs of the flock were treated with praziquantel (15 mg/kg, single dose, orally). After these actions, no new cases were observed. The present study showed the importance of preventive measures against cysticercosis in intensive sheep farming systems which include proper storage of feed, preventing feed and environmental access by potential definitive hosts, and implementing consistent parasite control programs in dogs that are in contact with sheep.
Reading the museum
Authors: Chappell Lindsey N.
Published: May 2023

The museum is not a neutral container, a passive collection of art and artifacts. Rather the museum is itself a historical argument, using objects and their relations to write our collective stories. This essay shows how the museum, as it developed within nineteenth‐century European imperialism, directs meaning both within and beyond literature. The museum integrates readers into its collections and its narratives, directing them figuratively and literally through exhibits. Nineteenth‐century literature, I argue, capitalizes on this dynamic interplay among the collection, the viewing subject, and the museum's ideologies. In both poetry and prose the museum appears as a place, a concept, and a form. For example, William Thackeray's “May Day Ode” shows how the Crystal Palace and the 1851 Great Exhibition facilitate an imperialist agenda. The galleries in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice and Charlotte Brontë’s Villette, meanwhile, are not just places the characters go; they also exert control over how characters (and readers) experience and evaluate collections. Across these texts, the museum is setting and theme. But, I argue, the museum also works as form, curating the collections, the characters who visit them, and the readers who access the narrative through museum logics. In conjunction with literary examples and an overview of scholarly conversations around nineteenth‐century museum studies, I consider how the museum continues to direct bodies, interpretations, and ideas today by drawing on my experiences using museums in the college classroom.
Interplay among anthropogenic impact, climate change, and internal dynamics in driving nutrient and phytoplankton biomass in the Gulf of Naples
Authors: Romillac Nicolas , Abagnale Maria , Kokoszka Florian , Passarelli Augusto , Saggiomo Vincenzo , Ribera d’Alcalà Maurizio , Margiotta Francesca
Published: May 2023

Due to an ever‐increasing demographic pressure, coastal areas are hotspots of anthropogenic impact on marine ecosystems. Understanding the extent and nature of these impacts is critical for developing effective conservation and management strategies to protect and restore coastal marine ecosystems and the services they provide. The Gulf of Naples is a coastal embayment in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea, which is severely impacted by human activities. Here, we discuss the intertwining of anthropogenic pressures and climate variations in regulating phytoplankton biomass dynamics in the Gulf and the presence of possible long‐term changes. We analysed three decades of T‐S, nutrient, and chlorophyll a data collected at a fixed station, the LTER‐MC site. Despite some spikes in nutrient concentrations (up to 9.92 mmol m−3 for NO3−, 13.12 mmol m−3 for NH4+, 0.75 mmol m−3 for PO43−, and 13.59 mmol m−3 for Si(OH)4), median surface and depth‐integrated concentrations are relatively low (0.73 mmol m−3 and 0.45 mmol m−3 for NO3−, 0.73 mmol m−3 and 0.47 mmol m−3 for NH4+, 0.07 mmol m−3 and 0.04 mmol m−3 for PO43−, 1.61 mmol m−3 and 1.44 mmol m−3 for Si(OH)4, respectively). Chlorophyll a concentrations, here taken as a proxy of phytoplankton biomass, occasionally display high values (up to 17.33 mg m−3) and fluctuating highs and lows lasting several months, with an overall median value of 1.37 mg m−3 at the surface, and 0.55 mg m−3 as integrated mean. These values are nine and three times higher than the offshore concentrations. The plankton food web at the site is mostly driven by terrestrial inputs. The effect of large‐scale–long‐term trends in nutrient inputs (e.g., phosphate load reduction) is comparable to that of local drivers, also because of the relatively shallow depth (75 m) of the station and its vicinity to the coastline. Importantly, the physical dynamics, despite the more closed morphology of the Gulf with respect to other bays in the Tyrrhenian Sea, efficiently removes excess nutrients and biomass, preventing dystrophic phenomena.
Client States: Australia's Offshore Detainees and the Limits of Therapy
Authors: Neiman Aaron
Published: May 2023

Mental health has become an exceptionally important social and public health issue in Australia. The government has invested billions of dollars in new services, while ubiquitous ad campaigns call on ordinary people to tend to their psychological well‐being. This national valorization of mental health is striking, given the well‐documented psychiatric harm suffered by refugees under Australia's offshore detention regime. This article draws on ethnographic work with a group of volunteer therapists who provide crisis counseling to these detained refugees over WhatsApp, allowing them to intervene in scenarios where therapy is inaccessible but badly needed. Highlighting the predictable challenges and surprising affordances of delivering care in this restrictive and high‐stakes context, I show how my informants forge a genuine therapeutic connection with their clients. While this intervention is meaningful, I argue that the volunteers are aware that it is no substitute for winning political freedom.
Intraoperative management of pediatric renal transplant recipients: An opportunity for improvement
Authors: Baboolal Hemanth A. , Lane Joelle , Westreich Katie D.
Published: May 2023

Background

Optimal organ perfusion at the time of pediatric renal transplantation is a commonly agreed upon goal. Intraoperative conditions such as fluid balance and arterial pressure determine the success of this goal. Sparse literature guides the anesthesiologist in accomplishing this. We, therefore, hypothesized that significant variability exists in the methods used to optimize renal perfusion during transplantation.

Methods

A literature search was performed to assess what guidelines currently exist to optimize intraoperative renal perfusion. The intraoperative practice pathways of six large children's hospitals in North America were obtained to compare suggested guidelines. A retrospective chart review of anesthesia records was performed of all pediatric renal transplants over 7 years at the University of North Carolina.

Results

There did not appear to be agreement between the various publications in terms of standard intraoperative monitoring, specific blood pressure or central venous pressure goals, and fluid management. The practice pathways of six children's hospitals showed significant variation and lack of a consensus‐driven approach. The chart review demonstrated significant variation between anesthesiologists in terms of invasive monitoring, fluid management, hemodynamic goals, vasopressor use, and analgesic choices. However, children <30 kg were significantly more likely to have arterial lines and epidural catheters placed prior to surgery.

Conclusion

Significant variation exists across centers of expertise and even within centers of expertise with regard to the intraoperative management of pediatric kidney transplant recipients. In the era of enhanced recovery after surgery, this presents an opportunity to develop consensus on an evidence‐based approach to optimize initial organ perfusion during surgery.
The strongman presidency and the two logics of presidential power
Authors: Howell William G. , Moe Terry M.
Published: May 2023

The strongman presidency presents an acute threat to democracy. Two logics underpin its emergence, both of which implicate the administrative state. Under the first, presidents have sought to deploy the vast resources of the administrative state in pursuit of power and legacy. This logic is symmetric, shaping the behavior of Republican and Democratic presidents alike. The second logic, however, sets them apart. Because most of the administrative state is the embodiment of progressive values, Democratic presidents have approached presidential power in ways that are largely compatible with its well‐being, whereas Republican presidents have laid claim to increasingly extreme powers in order to retrench and sabotage it. Layered on the first, this asymmetric logic is the main driver of the strongman presidency—and, ultimately, a major threat to American democracy.
Using data envelopment analysis to measure and improve organizational performance
Authors: Sexton Thomas R. , Pitocco Christine , Lewis Herbert F.
Published: May 2023

Organizations are complex and have many goals while almost all analytical tools measure performance using only one goal. Thus, analysts often rely on multiple analytical tools to produce a bewildering array of performance measures that often lack internal consistency and a clear focus. In this article, we show how data envelopment analysis (DEA) builds a performance frontier (analogous to a production frontier) that measures organizational performance in the presence of multiple organizational measures. The DEA frontier produces target values for each organizational measure based on the observed performance of organizations in the comparison set. In addition, DEA provides factor performance levels for each performance measure for each organization and can detect circumstances in which an organization has a strong overall performance measure but still has weaknesses in one or more measures. We will illustrate this approach with applications to several examples using real data. Analyzing organizational performance data is critical in the organizational improvement process. The data must directly reflect the organization's goals and the analytical tools used must be appropriate. However, organizations are complex and have many goals while univariate analytical tools measure performance relative to only one goal. Thus, analysts often rely on multiple analytical tools to produce a collection of performance measures, sometimes resulting in a bewildering array of measures that lack focus.
Does using microfluidic sperm sorting chips in bovine IVEP affect blastocyst development?
Authors: Alkan Hasan , Satilmis Fatma , Demirel Mehmet Akif , Bodu Mustafa , Yesilkaya Omer Faruk , Ciftci Muhammed Furkan , Erdem Huseyin , Tekindal Mustafa Agah , Alkan Kubra Karakas
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to determine the effect of microfluidic sperm sorting chip on embryo development and quality in the sperm treatment step in in vitro embryo production in cattle. Only A‐quality oocytes obtained from the ovaries of Holstein cattle were included in the study. These oocytes were first placed in in vitro maturation medium, and matured oocytes were randomly divided into two groups at the 24th hour of maturation. Oocytes in the first group with the Microfluidic Sperm Sorting Chip (MFSC, n = 154) were put into a fertilization medium with spermatozoa prepared with microfluidic sperm sorting device. Oocytes in the second group (Con, n = 169) were fertilized with spermatozoa prepared by the routine sperm treatment step of the commercial company. The rate of cleavage (85.71% vs. 76.33%, respectively) and of reaching the blastocyst (44.15% vs. 32.54%, respectively) in the MFSC group were higher than the control group. In addition, it was determined that the numbers of ICM (45.8 ± 2.04 vs. 39.2 ± 1.85, respectively), TE (122.13 ± 2.19 vs. 115.0 ± 2.61, respectively), TC (167.93 ± 2.89 vs. 154.2 ± 2.62, respectively) increased in the MFSC group compared to the control group. A statistically significant difference was found in the number of cells with apoptosis per embryo (5.14 ± 0.77 vs. 11.91 ± 0.79) and apoptotic index rates (3.06 ± 0.47 vs. 7.72 ± 0.55%) of the MFSC and Con groups. As a result, we concluded that using microfluidic sperm sorting chips during sperm treatment in bovine IVEP increases the rate of reaching the blastocyst, embryo development, and quality and reduces the possibility of apoptosis in developing blastocysts. For this reason, it is also thought that the use of microfluidic sperm sorting devices during sperm treatment in bovine IVEP may be a new alternative in this field.
Postrestoration colonization suggests slow regeneration, plant translocation barriers, and other host/symbiont lessons during the United Nations' Decade on Ecosystem Restoration
Authors: Markovchick Lisa M. , Schaefer Elena A. , Deringer Tessa , Kovacs Zsuzsi I. , Deckert Ron J. , Yazzie Jamie , Dixit Aalap , Propster Jeffrey R. , Patterson Adair , Hultine Kevin R. , Grady Kevin , Allan Gerard J. , Whitham Thomas G. , Gehring Catherine A.
Published: May 2023

Mycorrhizal restoration benefits are widely acknowledged, yet factors underpinning this success remain unclear. To illuminate when natural regeneration might be sufficient, we investigated the degree mycorrhizal fungi would colonize Populus fremontii (Fremont cottonwood) 2 years after the restoration of a riparian corridor, in the presence of an adjacent source. We compared colonization levels across plant populations and ecotypes, and from trees in the planted area to those in natural source populations. Four findings contribute to the theory and application of host–symbiont interactions. (1) Median ectomycorrhizal colonization of trees in the planted area was less than one‐tenth of that within natural source populations (p < 0.05), suggesting that even with adjacent intact habitat, sluggish regeneration would make proactive mycorrhizal restoration beneficial. (2) Within the planted area, median ectomycorrhizal and arbuscule colonization of trees sourced from greater distances were less than one‐third of that for trees sourced locally (p < 0.05), suggesting translocation poses barriers to symbioses. (3) Changes in colonization did not align with plant ecotypes, suggesting that geographic scales of selection for plants and fungi differ. (4) Slight increases in median mycorrhizal colonization (from 0% to 5%) were strongly correlated with increased survival for the plant provenance with lowest survival (r2 = 46% and rs = 48%, p < 0.05), suggesting mycorrhizae are particularly beneficial when plants are under stress (including translocation‐induced stress). This study is novel in demonstrating that mycorrhizal regeneration is slow even in the presence of adjacent intact habitat, and that when colonization could seem negligible, it may still have biological significance.
Towards a Different Mode of Abstraction: The Diorama in Hägerstrand's Experimentation in Thought
Authors: Schwanen Tim
Published: May 2023

Torsten Hägerstrand's career can be understood as a protracted experiment in thinking creatively about space and human–environment interactions. He continually sought to abstract – select, simplify and exclude – from the complexity of spatiotemporal processes in ways that differed from customs at a given point in time. This article argues that Hägerstrand's Diorama, Path and Project, one of TESG's most influential papers published in 1982, elaborated the diorama in English as a conceptual device to enact a different mode of abstraction in geography and interdisciplinary research. An undervalued conceptual device with which Hägerstrand was never entirely comfortable himself, the diorama is still worth engaging with at the current time of climate emergency.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Economics and Finance, Vol. 10, No. 2
Authors: Gibbs Nikki
Published: May 2023

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 2 Hichem Maraghni, University of Taibah, TunisiaLingkai Kong, Izmir University of Economics , TurkeyNikoloz Chikhladze, Akaki Tsereteli State University, GeorgiaPatrycja Kowalczyk-Rolczynska, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, PolandRajeev Rana, APB Govt. P.G. College, IndiaSzabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Guatemala     Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
El Derecho a La Educación Inclusiva en México
Authors: Sebastián-Herdero Eladio , Cruz-Vadillo Rodolfo
Published: May 2023

Este trabajo tiene como propósito aproximarse a las formas en que la inclusión educativa, desde una perspectiva de derecho, se ha traducido en discursos jurídicos y en ciertas visiones y representaciones que han devenido en el tiempo y que, hoy por hoy, circulan en los espacios donde se pretenden emplazar procesos inclusivos desde el modelo de los derechos humanos. Hemos partido del supuesto que la comprensión del derecho a la educación inclusiva en México no puede darse solo por la cantidad de personas que están hoy en las aulas, tampoco por las perspectivas y visiones que pueden ser recuperadas y que sirven de fundamento para el acto educativo. Las políticas educativas inclusivas han avanzado; sin embargo, podemos observar a partir de lo analizado, que en materia de derechos humanos, en general, y el derecho a una educación inclusiva, en lo particular, es necesario tensionar no solo las condiciones materiales y reales de existencia que presencian determinados sujetos y colectivos. Parece evidente volver a los fundamentos y, con ello, al elemento simbólico- representacional que, contrastado con el espacio geográfico y las prácticas sociales, impide o permite su emplazamiento, crecimiento y desarrollo.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Derecho a la educación; inclusión; políticas educativas
Educación en Derechos Humanos
Authors: Agudelo Colorado Elkin Dario
Published: May 2023

El artículo analiza los contenidos y problemas que orientan el conocimiento de los derechos humanos (DDHH) durante el proceso de formación del licenciados/as en ciencias sociales de dos universidades públicas en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Argumenta que los contenidos desbordan lo establecido por los planes de estudio y se propone visibilizar otros ámbitos de formación que circulan en la vida de las/os universitarias/os, tanto afuera como adentro de las instituciones académicas. Para esto detalla, a través de las narraciones de profesoras/es en formación y profesoras/es universitarias/os, las herramientas y la diversidad de escenarios que posibilitan el ejercicio transversal y crítico de la Educación en derechos humanos (EDH) en la sociedad colombiana que, en las últimas décadas, ha enfrentado un contexto complejo en torno al ejercicio y garantía de DDHH. El artículo se basa en la investigación doctoral, denominada “El lugar de los derechos humanos en el proceso de constitución de los profesores/as en formación como sujetos de derechos: Un estudio de caso desde los programas de licenciatura en ciencias sociales de las universidades Pedagógica Nacional y Distrital de Bogotá” realizada en el año 2016.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Educación en derechos humanos; profesores en formación; movimientos sociales, currículo para la acción.
A Universal Quadrilateral Shell Element for the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation
Authors: Zhang Binghua , Fan Wei , Ren Hui
Published: May 2023

A simple quadrilateral shell element is proposed in this work to study large deformations and large rotations of membrane/plate/shell structures. There are three merit characters in this element: locking-free; immune to mesh distortions; and robust to surface tessellations. Numerical issues in plates/shell elements such as shear-locking and thickness-locking problems are resolved, and quadrilateral area coordinates are adopted to solve the mesh distortion issues. This element can be adopted to curved shell structures, and warped deformations can be well described. Moreover, even if a shell structure cannot be easily tessellated by high quality quadrilateral polygons, it can still be discretized by a mesh consisting of high-quality triangular and quadrilateral elements, then this element can work together with a corresponding triangular element to provide accurate results on this combined mesh, and the degree-of-freedom for the discretized system is no more than several times of the number of nodes. Numerical tests validate the effectiveness, efficiency, and universality of this element in engineering scenarios.
Small Modular Reactors: Opportunities and Challenges as Emerging Nuclear Technologies for Power Production
Authors: Ghimire Lekhnath , Waller Edward
Published: May 2023

Small modular reactors (SMRs) have gained international attention due to their modular design, small footprint, and cost advantages compared to conventional reactors. Multiple types of SMRs are under development globally, and regulatory agencies are working toward a comprehensive and harmonized regulatory framework for ensuring safety and environmental protection. However, several aspects related to SMRs require further investigation, including the behavior of nuclear fuel under high pressures and temperatures (1000 °C), radiation exposure levels during normal and accident conditions, management of different types and volumes of nuclear waste, and their safe storage and disposal. Additionally, the modular design and compact size of SMRs make them suitable for deployment in remote locations, including the Arctic region. However, before introducing SMR technology, a thorough study of Arctic soil is necessary, particularly in the context of changing climate. Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) plays a vital role in evaluating the safety and reliability of nuclear power plants, specifically focusing on assessing cross-unit interactions in the case of multimodule SMRs. Furthermore, given the use of low-enriched uranium fuel and the potential for limited on-site personnel in remote locations, effective nuclear safeguards and material accountancy measures are crucial to prevent the diversion of nuclear materials. In this paper, an investigation is conducted to explore the advantages and challenges involved in the deployment of emerging SMR technologies for electricity generation and other applications.
Electron Correlation Effects in Paramagnetic Cobalt
Authors: Belozerov A. S. , Anisimov V. I.
Published: May 2023

We study the influence of Coulomb correlations on spectral and magnetic properties of fcc cobalt using a combination of density functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory. The computed uniform and local magnetic susceptibilities obey the Curie–Weiss law, which, as we demonstrate, occurs due to the partial formation of local magnetic moments. We find that the lifetime of these moments in cobalt is significantly less than in bcc iron, suggesting a more itinerant magnetism in cobalt. In contrast to the bcc iron, the obtained electron self-energies exhibit a quasiparticle shape with the quasiparticle mass enhancement factor m*/m ~ 1.8, corresponding to moderately correlated metal. Finally, our calculations reveal that the static magnetic susceptibility of cobalt is dominated by ferromagnetic correlations, as evidenced by its momentum dependence.
Methaemoglobinaemia due to alkyl nitrites in a patient with suspected traumatic injuries
Authors: Movio Guilherme , Erskine Karen , Scullion Sinead
Published: May 2023

A man in his 60s with no relevant previous medical history presented to an urban, major trauma centre by ambulance after being found with a head injury in a nightclub. The paramedics reported he was hypoxic, hypotensive and tachycardic with altered mental status. At the emergency department, he had oxygen saturations of 85% despite high-flow oxygen and was hypotensive at 88/43mmHg. We were concerned the patient was haemorrhaging given the lack of response to oxygen therapy and their hypotension. However, an arterial blood gas (ABG) established a diagnosis of methemoglobinaemia. Methylthioninium chloride was promptly administered, and the patient’s condition improved. He later reported using recreational drugs, including alkyl nitrites (‘poppers’). He was monitored until his fraction of methaemoglobin returned to normal baseline levels with serial ABGs. He was discharged 24 hours later. It was suspected that his use of alkyl nitrites was the most likely cause of methaemoglobinaemia.
Dysregulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling in postnatal bone elongation
Authors: White Cassaundra A. , Serrat Maria A.
Published: May 2023

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a critical modulator of cell growth and survival, making it a central part of maintaining essentially every biological system in the body. Knowledge of the intricate mechanisms involved in activating IGF-1 signaling is not only key to understanding basic processes of growth and development, but also for addressing diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. This brief review explores how dysregulation of normal IGF-1 signaling can impact growth by examining its role in postnatal bone elongation. IGF-1 actions are dysregulated in autoimmune diseases, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis and chronic kidney disease, which results in growth stunting. Conversely, childhood obesity results in growth acceleration, premature growth cessation, and ultimately, diminished bone quality, while systemic IGF-1 levels remain normal. Understanding the role of IGF-1 signaling in normal and dysregulated growth can add to other studies that address how this system regulates chronic diseases.
Remembering the legacy of Professor Mohammad Hashemi: a pioneer in molecular genetic studies in southeast Iran (1965–2019)
Authors: Tabasi Farhad , Eskandari Ebrahim , Ghavami Saeid
Published: May 2023

Professor Mohammad Hashemi was a clinical biochemist and cancer genetic scientist. He has been chair and head of Department of Clinical Biochemistry at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. He has played an important role in the improvement of understanding of genetics of disease in southeast Iran. He was also a part of international team for the discovery of the role of calprotectin (S100A8/A9) in cancer biology via regulation of cell fate in tumor cells. He had over 300 peer-reviewed scientific publications and trained significant numbers of high quality personals (>40) in the field of biomedical sciences. His sudden death in 2019 shocked national and international scientific society but his scientific legacy will remain alive forever.
Evolutionary behaviour of cosmological parameters with dynamical system analysis in f(Q, T) gravity
Authors: Pati Laxmipriya , Narawade S. A. , Tripathy S. K. , Mishra B.
Published: May 2023

We have investigated the accelerating behaviour of the Universe in f(Q, T) gravity in an isotropic and homogeneous space-time. We have initially derive the dynamical parameters in the general form of $$f(Q,T)=\alpha Q^m+\beta T$$

f

(
Q
,
T
)

=
α

Q
m

+
β
T

(Xu et al. in Eur Phys J C 79:708, 2019) and then split it into two cases (i) one with $$m=1$$

m
=
1

and the (ii) other with $$\beta =0$$

β
=
0

. In the first case, it reduces to the linear form of the functional f(Q, T) and second case leads to the higher power of the nonmetricity Q. In an assumed form of the hyperbolic scale factor, the models are constructed and its evolutionary behaviours are studied. The geometrical parameters as well the equation of state parameter are obtained and found to be in the preferred range of the cosmological observations. Marginal variation has been noticed in the behaviour of $$\omega $$
ω
and $$\omega _{eff}$$

ω

eff

at present time. The violation of strong energy conditions in both the cases are shown. The dynamical system analysis for the models has been performed.
Theoretical predictions for α-decay chains and cluster radioactivity of superheavy nuclei with Z = 126
Authors: Adel A. , Alharbi T.
Published: May 2023

Theoretical predictions of [Formula: see text]-decay properties of several isotopes of the superheavy nucleus of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and their consecutive [Formula: see text]-decay chains are presented. Based on the double-folding model, the [Formula: see text]–daughter interaction potential is constructed microscopically using a realistic M3Y–Paris nucleon–nucleon (NN) interaction. The [Formula: see text]-decay half-lives are computed for both spherical and deformed shapes of daughter nuclei within the density-dependent cluster model. The effect of deformation is found to decrease the [Formula: see text]-decay half-lives compared to spherical shapes. The calculated [Formula: see text]-decay half-lives are in satisfactory agreement with their counterparts using other theoretical methods. The prediction of the dominant decay mode for the isotopes [Formula: see text], which have not yet been experimentally synthesized, is presented through the competition between [Formula: see text]-decay and spontaneous fission. We have found that the isotopes [Formula: see text] survive fission and have relatively long half-lives which span the order [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]. Moreover, the correlation between the logarithm of the preformation probability deduced from the cluster formation model and the fragmentation potential for even–even [Formula: see text] isotopes is elucidated showing a negative linear relation. The feasibility of cluster emission from the superheavy isotope [Formula: see text] is investigated using different theoretical approaches. The predictions can provide useful guidance for future experimental researches.
Study of the moving multilayer slab acted by oblique incidence electromagnetic wave using the transfer matrix method
Authors: Liu Jian-Xiao , Meng Ling-Hui , Xie Jin , Yang Hong-Wei
Published: May 2023

The boundary conditions of the moving layered medium are analyzed and the expressions of electromagnetic field are deduced. The reflection and transmission coefficients in fixed coordinates are obtained by using the covariance characteristic of Maxwell Equations. It is very complicated to apply boundary conditions many times in analyzing a multi-layer slab. In this paper, the results obtained from the boundary conditions of single-layer slab are analogous with those obtained by the transfer matrix method. Through improvement and generalization, the transfer matrix method can be used to calculate the moving multi-layer slabs. It can be applied to calculate the reflection and transmission coefficients of one-dimensional moving photonic crystal as well as deal with TM and TE polarization for the oblique incident. The zero reflection points of TM and TE polarization for layered slab are calculated. The results calculated in this study are matching well with the reference. It shows that the reflection oscillation enhances with the increase of [Formula: see text] and layer number, while the changing rule of reflections about TM polarization is relatively complex. The reflections of both TE wave and TM wave are all related to the incidence angle.