bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
γ‐Glutamylcysteine Ameliorates LPS‐Induced Inflammatory Responses in BV2 Cells via Activating Autophagy
Authors: Lu Shuai , Tian Minfang , Wu Guofeng , Yu Wenfeng
Published: November 2024

In neurodegenerative diseases, the activation of microglia and the ensuing neuroinflammation are pivotal in regulating disease progression. Attenuating inflammation induced by microglial cells is considered a key strategy for slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. γ‐glutamylcysteine (γ‐GC) has exhibited significant antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory effects; nevertheless, its potential role in modulating neuroinflammatory responses remains incompletely explored. The current investigation aimed to establish a neuroinflammation model by stimulating BV2 microglia cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to explore the protective effect of γ‐GC on neuroinflammation in BV2 microglia cells. The results demonstrated that γ‐GC significantly attenuated LPS‐induced oxidative damage in BV2 cells, reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), inhibited the cytoplasmic translocation of high‐mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), and effectively mitigated the LPS‐induced inflammatory response in BV2 cells. We further investigated the regulatory mechanism of γ‐GC on LPS‐induced BV2 neuroinflammation and found that γ‐GC significantly enhances autophagy in BV2 cells, resulting in a marked reduction in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation levels and an increase in AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation levels. The use of autophagy inhibitors 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) and AMPK inhibitors further corroborates the proposition that γ‐GC promotes autophagy in BV2 cells while suppressing the LPS‐induced inflammatory response of BV2 microglia through the activation of the AMPK‐mTOR pathway. The findings indicate that γ‐GC exerts a substantial inhibitory impact on neuroinflammation, making it a promising candidate for the development of therapeutic strategies against neuroinflammatory disorders and related conditions.
An Integer Linear Programming Model for the Examination Timetabling Problem: A Case Study of a University in Thailand
Authors: Laisupannawong Teeradech , Sumetthapiwat Supphakorn
Published: November 2024

This paper considers the examination timetabling problem (ETTP) at the College of Industrial Technology (CIT) of the King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok in Thailand. A new integer linear programming (ILP) formulation for the ETTP at the CIT is presented. The objectives were to minimize both the number of examination days (the main objective) and the number of rooms used throughout the entire examination period (the secondary objective). In this paper, a course can have multiple sections, and an examination room can accommodate exams for more than one course section. To illustrate the proposed ILP model, real data on courses acquired from the CIT were used to generate two test problems: a small problem and a large problem. The small problem included 32 courses with 69 sections. The large problem included 73 courses with 341 sections, which was the real data required for generating the midterm examination timetable for all first‐year courses in the first semester of 2021. Both problems were solved using the CPLEX solver software. The results show that the proposed model could find an optimal examination timetable for the small problem with a computational time of 2 min and 46 s. It also could find a good feasible midterm examination timetable that satisfied the requirements of the CIT for the large problem within the 2‐h time limit, much less time than that compared to manual scheduling by the CIT’s administrative staff. The obtained midterm examination timetable required five examination days and could reduce 104 examination rooms compared to assigning each course section to a separate examination room. The proposed ILP model can be used in a real‐life situation and can be a good option to generate an optimal schedule or a good feasible schedule for examinations at the CIT or other institutions that have similar requirements.
Dynamic Cluster Zoning of Arch Dam Deformation Considering Changing Working Conditions
Authors: Chen Xudong , Guo Hongdi , Hu Shaowei , Gu Chongshi , Lu Na , Guo Jinjun , Liu Xing
Published: November 2024

Arch dam deformation has regional characteristics, and clustering is a common method of regional classification for arch dams. Traditional methods ignore the impact of dynamic changes in temperature and water level. Besides, the noise of deformation data is detrimental to mining potential information. The objective is to devise a dynamic cluster zoning method for arch dams, which considers the changing working conditions under the coupling of water level and temperature in this study. First, the deformation periods are classified by K‐means clustering, and the arch dam deformation series are denoised using a sparrow search algorithm‐optimized variational mode decomposition combined with wavelet threshold (SSA–VMD–WT) denoising method. The arch dam measuring points for different periods are then clustered. The engineering case study demonstrates that the SSA–VMD–WT denoising method improves the reliability of deformation data. The dynamic cluster zoning method reasonably describes the deformation regularity of the arch dam under different working conditions.
Effect of Varietal Differences and Nixtamalization Conditions on the Textural, Rheological, and Nutritional Properties of Corn (Zea mays)–Based Masa Flour: Kassaï and Atp-Y Corn Varieties
Authors: Dongmo Hygride , Teboukeu Boungo Gires , Kohole Foffe Hermann Arantes , Nanga Ndjang Marie Madeleine , Fotso Saah Bruno , Naïm Saturnin , Tamokou Jean de Dieu , Mathilde Julie Klang
Published: November 2024

Nixtamalization is a process used in the production of tortillas. This process offers many advantages, such as improving the rheological, nutritional, and textural properties of the masa. This process is carried out under different steps which affect the quality of the final product such as the cooking and soaking conditions and the quantity of ash. In addition, the fragility of the masa makes the tortillas brittle. The present work was initiated with the aim of determining the nixtamalization conditions that would improve the textural, rheological, and nutritional properties of masa. The response surface methodology, using the central composite design was applied to three factors including the ash content and cooking and soaking times, and the responses evaluated were the adhesiveness, cohesion, final viscosity, and gelatinization temperature of masa obtained from two varieties of maize (Atp-Y and Kassaï). The optimums masa flours obtained were characterized using standard methods. Results showed that, the masa made from Kassaï variety needed a cooking time of 51.21 min and soaking time of 16.10 h in the presence of 0.80 g of ash. For the Atp-Y variety, the conditions included a cooking time of 49.17 min and a soaking time of 23.4 h in the presence of 0.24 g of ash. The responses obtained showed an adhesiveness of 0.10 kg/f and 0.05 kg/f, cohesion of 1.08 kg/f and 1.23 kg/f, final viscosity of 1504.80 cP and 1328.30 cP, gelatinization temperature 73.50 °C and 71.50 °C, and finally retrogradation 435.50 cP and 316 cP, respectively, for Kassaï and Atp-Y. Chemical characterization of the optimum masa showed that the white masa had a high protein content (10.50%), carbohydrates (71.70%), and fiber (2%) while the yellow masa presented the highest lipid content (5.47%). These finding demonstrated that Kassaï (white) maize‐masa flour obtained in optimal conditions can be recommended for the production of good quality tortillas because tortillas made with this masa are less crumbly and more elastic.
Review of Resilience Evaluation Methods in Operational Highway Tunnel
Authors: Tong Junhao , Zhang Weikang , Li Changjun , Yuan Dongyang , Lou Huiyuan , Wang Qiang , Wang Haozheng , Zhai Junli
Published: November 2024

The research on tunnel resilience has garnered increasing attention in recent years. Owing to prolonged exposure to natural or anthropogenic factors, the resilience level of many highway tunnels is continuously declining, rendering them susceptible to sudden accidents and challenging to restore postincident. Currently, although several scholars have employed diverse evaluation methods in their research on tunnel resilience, there is a lack of summarization and integration of these methods. In addition, there is also a dearth of a unified evaluation index system and framework for different types of natural or man‐made disasters, which are crucial for advancing the development of tunnel resilience evaluation. This study commences with an introduction to the origin of resilience and the definition of tunnel resilience, and comprehensively summarizes commonly employed evaluation methods. Subsequently, this study centers on the resilience evaluation methods in tunnel engineering and analyzes their strengths and weaknesses. Besides, the distribution of resilience metrics in current researches is analyzed and the detailed explanations for the diverse choices are provided. According to the results and deficiencies of existing research, combined with the author’s perspectives, the index systems, evaluation frameworks, and resilience improvement strategies are proposed, which can be applied to the resilience evaluation of various operational highway tunnels under diverse disaster scenarios. Furthermore, this study also presents a case study on the evaluation of tunnel fire resilience to validate the applicability of the research findings. These findings aim to provide a guide for the operation and maintenance management of the operating tunnels and improve the scientific decision‐making level of tunnel maintenance.
Rebound Growth of Infantile Hemangiomas after Propranolol versus Atenolol Treatment: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Baruch Shoham , Ben Amitai Dan , Friedland Rivka
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Propranolol is the first-line treatment for complicated infantile hemangioma (IH). Rebound growth following propranolol discontinuation is reported in 6–25% of patients. Atenolol is considered an effective alternative to propranolol. We aimed to compare the incidence of IH rebound growth following discontinuation of atenolol and propranolol and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all the patients diagnosed with IH and treated with oral propranolol or atenolol during 2009–2019 in our tertiary center. Inclusion criteria were completion of at least 3 months of initial treatment and at least 3 months of follow-up after discontinuation of initial treatment. Results: Of 445 patients in total, 267 (60%) were treated with propranolol and 178 (40%) with atenolol. The incidence of rebound growth was similar between the groups: 59 (22.1%) and 40 (22.5%), respectively. Patients treated with atenolol required a shorter duration of treatment after rebound growth until growth arrest (9.41 ± 5.61 vs. 14.79 ± 10.02 months, p < 0.001). For the patients who initiated atenolol before the age of 5 months, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for regrowth was 0.6 (95% CI: 0.33–1.08). As duration of treatment increased, the risk of rebound growth increased; the aOR was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.10–1.38). No other significant risk factors for rebound growth were identified. Conclusions: The incidence of rebound growth was similar following treatment with two oral β-receptor blockers. Treatment initiation after the age of 5 months and long duration of treatment may increase the risk for regrowth. These findings should be further investigated as they may impact clinical decisions on treating IH.
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the duodenum: a case report and literature review
Authors: Hui Yifan , Ke Fei , Lu Wei , Qiu Wenli , Zheng Xia , Cheng Haibo
Published: November 2024

Duodenal squamous cell carcinoma is an exceedingly rare occurrence among gastrointestinal malignancies, and its diagnosis and treatment are not well understood. In this report, we present a case of duodenal squamous cell carcinoma with liver and adrenal metastasis. The patient was treated with gemcitabine and S-1, achieving a progression-free survival (PFS) of 7 months and an overall survival (OS) of 9 months. Additionally, we review the features and treatment approaches reported in previous cases of primary duodenal carcinoma. Clearly, further case reports, such as ours, can contribute to a deeper understanding that is essential for characterizing this entity and establishing management guidelines.
Immunofluorescence Use and Techniques in Glomerular Diseases: A Review
Authors: Messias Nidia
Published: November 2024

Background: Immunofluorescence (IF) studies play an essential role in the evaluation of medical renal biopsies. Particularly, in the study of renal glomerular diseases, where it provides fundamental data for the diagnosis, classification, and etiology of the glomerular pathologies. Diverse techniques may be used to optimize the utilization of IF studies, from variations on the test methodologies to expertise on the interpretation of the results and knowledge of potential pitfalls. Summary: This manuscript presents a brief review on the history of IF and its utilization in kidney pathology, followed by a description of the IF methods, including the use of IF on paraffin-embedded tissue (paraffin IF), and other novel techniques. Guidelines on how to best report IF findings are reviewed, along with a description of antibodies commonly used in glomerular diseases, highlighting their distribution within the normal kidney and potential pitfalls in interpretation. Finally, the use and interpretation of IF are discussed in more detail in individual entities on a range of glomerular diseases. Key Messages: IF is crucial for interpretation of renal biopsies and diagnosis of glomerular diseases. Knowledge of IF techniques, alternative procedures, its use and proper interpretation is essential for optimal utilization of IF in renal pathology, and this review proposes to serve as a simplified and practical guide on this topic.
Exploring the Spatial Distribution of Interstitial Cells in Kidney Tissue
Authors: Ou Jingyun , Zeng Huiyi , Shangguan Yu , Luan Shaodong , Wu Hongwei , Li Haitao , Gong Wenyu , Tang Donge , Tan Xiaojun , Yin Lianghong , Dai Yong
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Interstitial cells are crucial to the development of kidney structure and function, although the mechanism underlying their role in it remains unclear to date. Our previous study identified cell clusters in human fetal kidney tissue, and we further analyzed the interstitial cell cluster within this context. Methods: We extracted the barcoded cDNA from tissue samples and prepared spatial transcriptome libraries. Sequencing data were quality-checked, normalized, and clusters were identified using Seurat. Single-cell and spatial data were integrated using multimodal intersection analysis, and cell types were deconvoluted. DEGs in interstitial cells were identified and functionally annotated using DAVID. CellPhoneDB was used to predict ligand-receptor interactions between cell types. Results: The results of the present study revealed that this cluster of interstitial cells appeared to be scattered in the junction between the cortical and medullary regions. The subsequent Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in this cluster of interstitial cells were involved in the WNT signaling pathway. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these DEGs were involved in multiple pathways associated with kidney development, with six of the genes (NKD2, TCF21, WNT5A, WNT4, MDK, and SFRP1) associated with kidney development exhibiting significant upregulation. Accordingly, it was inferred that these interstitial cells might be involved in regulating epithelial cell differentiation, ureteral bud development, and morphogenesis. The subsequent cell-cell communication analysis revealed that the cellular crosstalk was primarily regulated mainly by ligand-receptor pairs. Additionally, 17 genes reported to be associated with kidney disease were focused on, and these genes were found to be predominantly expressed in a single-cell type. Conclusion: In summary, the present study revealed the characteristics of a previously identified cluster of interstitial cells in the kidney tissue, thereby providing fresh insights into the process of kidney development.
First-Line Durvalumab plus Tremelimumab Treatment for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Real-World Clinical Practice
Authors: Fujii Yasutoshi , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Shirane Yuki , Miura Ryoichi , Nakahara Hikaru , Yamaoka Kenji , Uchikawa Shinsuke , Fujino Hatsue , Ono Atsushi , Murakami Eisuke , Miki Daiki , Hayes Nelson Clair , Tsuge Masataka , Nakamura Yuko , Awai Kazuo , Oka Shiro
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Durvalumab plus tremelimumab combination therapy (STRIDE regimen) is a new first-line option for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC), but little real-world data are available to determine which patients are most likely to respond. Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated patients with uHCC who were treated with the STRIDE regimen as the 1st line at our hospital. The primary endpoint of the study was the objective response rate (ORR). We focused on identifying factors associated with cases that had a favorable response. Results: Twenty-one patients were included. In best response, there were 11 partial response cases, with an ORR of 52.4%. Median progression-free survival was 6.8 months, and overall survival did not reach the median time. A high tumor-to-liver ratio of the maximum value of the standardized uptake value (TLR) on baseline fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) was associated with response, while TLRs were significantly higher in poorly differentiated uHCC. Conclusion: The STRIDE regimen may be beneficial for systemic therapy-naive uHCC patients. High TLR on baseline FDG-PET could be a potentially useful biomarker for response.
Is Poor Self-Rated Health Associated with Higher Caries Experience in Adults? The HUNT4 Oral Health Study
Authors: Rødseth Siri Christine , Høvik Hedda , Bjertness Espen , Skudutyte-Rysstad Rasa
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The association between lower socioeconomic status and a higher risk of dental caries is well established, but the independent association between general health status and dental caries on a population level is less investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the association between self-rated general health and caries experience in an adult Norwegian population and to assess if the associations were modified by age and sex. Methods: Data were collected as part of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4) conducted 2017–2019 and a randomly selected subsample (20%) were invited for the HUNT4 Oral Health Study. This cross-sectional study included 4,880 dentate participants aged 19–94 years (response rate 67%). Participants underwent clinical and radiographic oral examinations and caries experience was measured by numbers of decayed (DT), missing (MT), and filled teeth (FT), DMFT index. The DT component consisted of primary and secondary caries in dentine, cavitated root caries, and remaining roots. Questionnaires were used to assess self-rated general health and socioeconomic position, denoted by education, household income, and employment status. Associations between self-rated health and caries experience (DMFT) and components (DT, MT, and FT) were assessed using negative binomial regression models. Ratios of means (RMs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations were estimated, adjusting for socioeconomic position. Results: Individuals with poor self-rated general health had a 29% higher mean number of MT (RM: 1.29 [95% CI: 1.13–1.46]), a 22% higher mean number of DT (RM: 1.22 [95% CI: 1.07–1.39]), and a 7% higher mean number of DMFT (RM: 1.07 [95% CI: 1.04–1.11]) than individuals reporting very good health. Age-stratified analyses presented a more pronounced association between self-rated health and caries experience for individuals below the age of 55 years than for those 55 years or older. Similarly, the association was more evident in women, with significantly higher mean values for DMFT, MT, and FT among women reporting poor health. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated an independent association between poor self-rated health and a higher burden of caries experience, adjusted for education, income, and employment status. The association was stronger in women and individuals below the age of 55 years. These findings add new evidence in understanding caries inequalities through self-rated health.
Predictors for Upgrade to Breast Cancer in Patients with B3 Lesions Diagnosed by Core Biopsy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Dinçer Burak , Yanar Ceylan , Ucak Ramazan , Çerekçi Esma , Kaya Cemal
Published: November 2024

Background
The optimal approach to B3 lesions is controversial, and the risk of malignant upgrade varies between studies. This study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the risk of upgrading to breast cancer in patients diagnosed with B3 lesions by core biopsy.
Methods
A total of 410 patients diagnosed with B3 lesions by core biopsy and subsequently undergoing surgical excision were evaluated. Patients who did not undergo surgical excision or were not followed up at our center were excluded. Patients were analyzed based on demographic, clinical, radiological and pathological findings.
Results
All 410 patients included in the study were women, with a median age of 47 years (range 21-78). An upgrade to in-situ or invasive disease was observed in 117 of the 410 patients (28.5%). In univariate analysis, age, mammographic findings, histopathological type, and atypia in core biopsy were identified as significant factors affecting the upgrade rate (p=0.046, p=0.028, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the presence of atypia (p<0.001) and a diagnosis of ADH (p=0.026) were determined to be independent variables that increase the upgrade rate.
Conclusion
Surgical excision or Vacuum-assisted excision may be more appropriate for atypical ductal hyperplasia and B3 lesions with atypia on core biopsy.
ACCREDITATION EXPERTISE OF THE “GENERAL MEDICINE” TRAINING PROGRAM FOR THE SPECIALTY 222 “MEDICINE” OF THE SECOND (MASTER’S) LEVEL OF HIGHER EDUCATION AT IVAN HORBACHEVSKY TERNOPIL NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE
Authors: Oleshchuk O. M. , Fedoniuk L. Ya. , Khvalyboha T. I.
Published: November 2024

The article characterizes the procedure of accreditation expertise of the “General Medicine” training program for the second (master’s) level in the specialty 222 “Medicine”, implemented at Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The relevance of the topic is determined by new approaches to the accreditation of educational programs in Ukraine, which require the implementation of autonomous methods for managing the quality of education in accordance with European standards. The results of the expertise carried out by the members of the expert group and the sectoral expert council of the National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance (NAQA) was analysed. The article describes how the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, the Accreditation Commission, and the National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance conduct monitoring of training programs through assessing their compliance with established standards. The research shows that accreditation not only determines the quality of education but also helps identify the strengths and weaknesses of training programs, providing information to all stakeholders. The main results of the expert evaluation highlight a high level of training for specialists in line with current labour market demands and emphasize the importance of adapting curricula to the conditions of healthcare reform. The article underscores the significance of ongoing monitoring of education quality to enhance the competitiveness of graduates. The manuscript focuses on the uniqueness and advantages of the training program, its evaluation, as well as the recommendations and suggestions provided by NAQA experts.
СЛОВНИК БІЛЕЦЬКОГО-НОСЕНКА ЯК ДЖЕРЕЛО УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Гаврищак І. І. , Проців О. Я.
Published: November 2024

Статтю присвячено лексикографічним студіям відомого українського письменника, перекладача, педагога і громадсько-культурного діяча І пол. ХІХ ст. П. Білецького-Носенка, які завершилися укладанням «Словника української мови». У центрі уваги дослідження – словник як лінгвістичний та історико-культурний феномен, історія створення, джерельна база та принципи укладання реєстру, його роль в історії розвитку української лексикології та лексикографії. Розглянуто можливість використання словникових матеріалів для вивчення національного термінотворення як початкового етапу становлення вітчизняної медичної термінології, формування українського медичного термінологічного фонду.
COOPERATIVE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES AS A MEANS OF IMPROVING THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF NURSES IN AUSTRIA
Authors: Palasiuk Н. B. , Klishch H. I.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the use of cooperative learning technologies in the professional training of nurses in Austria. It is emphasized that the nursing profession in Austrian society has a high social rating, a pronounced personal and humanistic orientation, іt is a separate profession, where a nurse is an independent specialist in the health care system. It is emphasized that in the conditions of increasing the range of functional responsibilities and of the professional activity of medical specialists, cooperative learning technologies allow not only to improve practical skills, but also to develop the clinical thinking of future nurses, to adapt them to non-standard situations, to work out all the necessary stages of their activity. It is noted that the advantages of cooperative learning are the improvement of students' academic results, development of their ability to think critically and have non-stereotypical perception of other people, positive psychological climate in the group, studentsʼ desire for cooperation and constructive socialization, the presence of an empathetic reaction, mutual support, sympathy and friendly relations in the team, and positive attitude of students to studies, teachers and educational institution, etc. Unlike traditional forms and methods of educational activity, cooperative learning helps to achieve not only cognitive, but also motivational and emotional goals, develops the ability to take responsibility for oneʼs own learning, that is, the ability to independently organize the learning process.
Agendamento estratégico: política, justiça e comunicação no STF
Authors: Lemos Cláudia
Published: November 2024

No livro "Da lei aos desejos: o agendamento estratégico do STF", publicado pela editora Amanuense, Grazielle Albuquerque acompanha a evolução da comunicação do Supremo Tribunal Federal no período entre a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988 e a Reforma do Judiciário de 2004. Demonstra como, à medida que ganhou mais proeminência política, a instituição buscou se posicionar na arena pública. Para isso, profissionalizou sua relação com a imprensa e adotou a estratégia de prestar contas diretamente à sociedade, por meio de iniciativas como a criação da TV Justiça. A autora argumenta que, nesse jogo entre contexto político e ação institucional, o tribunal e a mídia constróem uma dinâmica comunicacional que se altera ao longo do tempo. O livro é a adaptação de uma tese de doutoramento em Ciência Política, que recorre também à literatura sobre Comunicação e sobre Justiça. Entrevistas com profissionais de comunicação que atuaram na cobertura do STF e na assessoria de imprensa permitem reconstituir o crescimento do interesse da imprensa e dos esforços de comunicação da instituição.
Formas não proprietárias de morar ameaçadas: despejos e remoções em São Paulo durante a pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Martins Matheus Henrique da Silva , Rolnik Raquel
Published: November 2024

From the perverse conjunction between an increasing social and economic crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022) — with rising unemployment, deteriorating incomes and increase of debt — and an unprecedent real estate boom, which caused a rise in land and rent prices, emerged new squats and an intensified number of displacements and evictions in São Paulo city, Brazil. However, the occurrence of displacement and evictions is quite invisible in the field of urban policies. This article presents the methods used by the Evictions Observatory to identify these processes, using cartography as a research method and analysis. By mobilizing data derived from different sources, we relate evictions to changes in real estate-renting dynamics that leads to the displacement of non-proprietary forms of living. We also investigated their relation with governmental plans, policies and projects which take on the role of incentivizing the market to produce new real estate products or offering rent as a service, in a context of increasing participation of real estate as financial assets and growing presence of asset managers and digital platforms in these markets.
O boi de piranha da travessia do capital: a submissão do trabalho, a dominação do corpo e a indústria da propriedade na produção do espaço
Authors: Petrella Guilherme Moreira
Published: November 2024

Este artículo se centra en la reciente reestructuración inmobiliaria y urbana de la ciudad de São Paulo, llevada a cabo a través de la financiarización de la producción espacial y las transformaciones emprendidas por el neoliberalismo. Considera como problema central de análisis la industria inmobiliaria y la estructura forma-función de esta producción (inmobiliaria, urbana, financiera, jurídica e intelectual), que se produce como un medio de monopolizar el espacio y el valor producido a partir de la redefinición de relaciones de producción y sus productos inmobiliarios y urbanos. En la búsqueda de producir las condiciones sociales de esta monopolización, se intensifica la disputa por el espacio, la posibilidad de permanencia o eliminación de ciertos grupos sociales, constituyendo medios de segregación socioespacial. Esto enfatiza el conflicto (sobre el espacio y el valor) como un elemento del análisis de la producción y reproducción social, expresando, en un nivel más inmediato y cotidiano, la contradicción más general entre las relaciones de acumulación y reproducción capitalistas y la reproducción de la vida.
Intelectuais públicos: pensamento político através da comunicação pública
Authors: Simões Pires Arthur Freire
Published: November 2024

Os intelectuais públicos obtiveram grande notoriedade durante o século XX ao participarem ativamente da discussão pública, procurando, em linhas gerais, alertar e/ou orientar a audiência que lhes acompanhava. Entretanto, pouco há produzido (leia-se teorizado) sobre esses críticos sociais na universidade, mesmo eles estando associados ao debate público e ao pensamento político. O estudo, portanto, visita a literatura referente a essa função social procurando elaborar conceitualmente sua definição. A análise permite afirmar que a noção de intelectual público se caracteriza, em síntese, (1) pela “prática” da comunicação social, (2) pelo conceito de engajamento e (3) pela aplicação de ideias (distanciando-se do mero comentário ou palpite).
Abstract 4114714: Impact of Cardiology Interest Groups on the Professional Development of Medical Students
Authors: Ayasrah Lina , Mohammad Abdulkader , Mares Adriana , Gamarra Norma , Burke Khristian , Henry Mariana , Ulusan Sebahat , Mertz Giuliana , Phillips-Wilson Tasha , O'Very Sean , Schroeder Lucia , Erbay Muhammed , Pyrpyris Nikolaos , Masket Diane , Sood Aayushi , Gupta Rahul , Asad Zain Ul Abideen , Abohashem Shady
Published: November 2024

Background:
Launched in 2023, the American College of Cardiology Medical Student Member Community (ACC MSMC) began recognizing Cardiology Interest Groups (CIGs) at medical schools worldwide. This initiative fosters a robust network among ACC medical student members and celebrates their contributions within their institutions and broader communities. We surveyed medical students from 50 recognized CIGs to evaluate the influence of this network on their members' career trajectories.

Methods:
An anonymous web-based survey was sent to 50 student leaders of CIGs recognized by the ACC from 20 countries and was distributed to their members. The objective was to evaluate the impact of their involvement in these groups on their clinical knowledge, research activities and publications, professional advancement, and the promotion of diversity and equity.

Results:
Of 215 respondents (71% ACC members), 49.3% identified as female, with significant representation from Asia (35.7%), and the USA (17.6%). The majority joined CIGs to explore cardiology as a career path (61%), build professional networks (60%), and participate in specialized workshops (59.5%). Most rated their access to CIG resources as excellent (73.8%), supporting ACC's mission to enhance diversity and inclusion. Regarding educational outcomes, 48.6% rated their knowledge acquisition in cardiology as excellent, and 41% noted excellent preparation for a cardiology career. Additionally, 26.4% of students published research papers post-CIG involvement, with 39% attending ACC or AHA conferences. Survey feedback also highlighted strong networking (38.6% excellent) and mentoring opportunities (36.2% excellent) provided by CIGs.

Conclusions:
CIGs significantly enrich medical students' professional development by offering extensive networking, education, research, and mentorship opportunities. They play a crucial role in nurturing a global interest in cardiology, thereby enhancing diversity within the field. This model serves as a valuable blueprint for other scientific societies considering the establishment of student interest groups.
Abstract 4116486: Association of assessment of clinical congestion in patients with heart failure compared with assessment using bioimpedance and microwave spectroscopy
Authors: Bielecka-Dabrowa Agata , Zasada Ilona , Olejniczak Wielislaw , Sakowicz Agata , Slot Maciej
Published: November 2024

Background:
Physicians have to find a balance between decongestion therapy and the risk of dehydration so non-invasive methods assessing congestion are of great importance.

Purpose:
The study aimed to compare the clinical assessment of congestion to bioimpedance and microwave spectroscopy.

Methods:
27 hospitalized HF patients with congestion (40% females) (Congestion Group) and 59 HF patients without fluid overload (66% females) (NON-Congestion Group) were included. Clinical examination, chest x-ray, laboratory results, echocardiography, non-invasive body mass analysis (Tanita Pro), NT-poBNP, and selected modern biomarkers concentrations [GDF-15, galectin-3, FABP, copeptin, VEGF were performed. Additionally, we assessed pulmonary congestion using a proprietary sensor with a microwave spectroscopy method based on analyzing the dielectric properties of an object (patent applications P.442466).

Results:
There were no differences in body mass index, blood pressure values, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and echocardiographic parameters of diastolic left ventricular function between groups. In the Congestion Group, we observed significantly more patients in NYHA Class 3 and 4 (p<0.001), lower values of fT3 (median 2.4 vs 2.7; p=0.02), higher a FIB-4 index (p=0.04), lower GFR MDRD (median 52.7 vs 66.7;p=0.04), higher concentrations of: NT-proBNP (pg/ml) (median 545 vs 101; p<0.001), galectin-3 (ng/ml) (median 15.01 vs 11.35; p=0.01), GDF-15 (pg/ml) (median 2069.27 vs 734.64; p=0.01), FABP (pg/ml) (median 293.6 vs 101; p=0.008) compared to NON-Congestion Group, and a larger number of detected congestion in chest x-ray (p<0.01) and more patients with limb edema (p= 0.0037). The patients with congestion also needed longer hospitalizations (p=0.008). Patients with congestion had lower total body water content in kg and intracellular water (ICW) (kg) (p=0.02 and p=0.01, respectively), and the higher extracellular water/total body water index (ECW/TBW) (p=0.001) assessed in bioimpedance and significantly higher Absorption Loss evaluated with the use of microwave spectroscopy (p=0.02). In a multiple logistic regression model, the factor that was independently associated with clinically diagnosed congestion was NT-proBNP >1095 pg/ml (OR 111.6, 95% CI: 2.6-50.6; p=0.001) (Figure 1).

Conclusions:
Absorption Loss and ECW/TBW are valuable new diagnostic tools in diagnosing lung congestion in patients with heart failure.
Abstract 4119554: Septal Thickness has a Variable Effect on Shock Incidence Rate by ICD Indication in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
Authors: O'Shea Michael , Ravi Srekar , Baqal Omar , Fatunde Bade , Alsidawi Said
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiomyopathy. People with HCM are at risk of cardiac arrest. ACC/AHA guideline-supported indications for ICD placement include cardiac arrest or VT, family history of sudden cardiac death in a close relative ≤50, massive septal hypertrophy (MSH - septal thickness ≥30mm), apical pouch, and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT).

Methods:
People attending any Mayo Clinic site on > 1 occasion who underwent ICD placement for HCM who had documented cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) results were included in the study from time of ICD placement to last device interrogation. Outcome was incidence rate of first appropriate shock. Multivariable cox regression was used to examine the association between septal thickness and shock rate, controlling for current age, sex and secondary vs primary prevention device. An interaction term for association between septal thickness and each ICD indication in turn was incorporated into regression, and stratum specific estimates produced using linear computation.

Results:
326 people were included in the study, of whom 50 experienced at least one appropriate ICD shock over 1,487.95 person years (incidence rate 3.36 per 100 person years, NNT 29.76 per year). MSH was strongly associated with shock rate (HR 2.29 [1.19 to 4.40], p=0.013).

In people without MSH, there was a 50% reduction in shocks where a subjective measure (syncope or family history of sudden cardiac death) was present (table 1). In this cohort, NSVT resulted in a threefold increase in incidence of shock (HR 3.15 [1.446 to 6.47], p=0.003).

In the presence of MSH, there was a four-fold increase in shock rate in people who underwent ICD insertion for family history of sudden cardiac death or for syncope (table 2). There was no difference in shock rates in people with NSVT prior to ICD placement based on septal thickness (HR 0.76 [0.21 to 2.74], p=0.679).

There was strong evidence of interaction between NSVT and MSH on shock rates (LR χ2 =6.94, p=0.008), such that presence of both risk factors did not increase shock rate. Concurrent presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) >15% on CMR and MSH was associated with a significant increase in shock rate (3.58 [1.43 to 8.98], p=0.006).

Conclusion:
MSH is a helpful indicator of who will benefit from ICD placement among people with a pre-existing indication for a device, particularly among those with a more subjective indication for a device.
Abstract 4120534: Long-Term Outcomes After Medication, Coronary Stenting or Surgery for Men and Women With Three-Vessel Coronary Disease
Authors: Li Jiawen , Yan Kailun , Zhang Kexin , Liu Menglu , Yang Yuejin , Yuan Jinqing , Zhao Xueyan
Published: November 2024

Background:
Sex is a vital prognostic factor in patients with coronary heart disease, however, the data on sex-treatment interaction among real-world patients with three-vessel coronary disease (TVD) are limited.

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes after medication therapy (MT), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) according to sex in patients with TVD.

Methods:
Consecutive 8943 patients with TVD [2421 (27.1%) MT, 3825 (42.8%) PCI, and 2697 (30.2%) CABG] were enrolled from April 2004 to February 2011 at Fu Wai Hospital. The primary endpoint was cardiac death and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or repeat revascularization. The secondary endpoints were the components of MACCE.

Results:
Among 8943 TVD patients, 7122 (79.6%) were men and 1821 (20.4%) were women. While the number of women undergoing PCI was comparable to men, women opted for more MT and fewer CABG (Figure 1). During a median 6.6-year follow-up, CABG showed a lower risk of MACCE compared to PCI, with a similar treatment effect for women and men (female HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.97; male HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.69; p for interaction=0.222) (Figure 2 and Figure 3). CABG also showed lower risks of all-cause death, MI, and repeat revascularization, and a higher risk of stroke, which had no significant interaction with sex. PCI, compared to MT, was associated with lower risks of MACCE, all-cause death, and stroke and a higher risk of MI and repeat revascularization, without significant gender disparities. CABG versus MT was associated with lower risks of MACCE, all-cause death, MI and repeat revascularization and a higher risk of stroke, with a similar treatment effect for female and male patients (Figure 3).

Conclusion:
There was no significant sex differences in the risks of long-term outcomes of PCI vs. CABG, PCI vs. MT, and CABG vs. MT in real-world TVD patients.
Abstract 4121840: Contemporary Safety of Ultrasound Enhancing Agents in a Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Strom Jordan , Main Michael , Wei Kevin , Feinstein Steven , Fiano Ryan , Gennarelli Renee
Published: November 2024

Background:
Ultrasound enhancing agents (UEAs) are an important diagnostic tool for transthoracic or stress echocardiography (TTE/SE) but recent concerns have been raised about their safety in reports from individual health systems.

Objectives:
To identify if UEAs for TTE/SE are associated with serious adverse events within 48 hours of receipt in nationwide claims data.

Methods:
All-payor nationwide claims from 320 million insured individuals across the US, 2018-2022 from the Komodo Health database were used to evaluate rates of death or the composite of death, anaphylaxis, MI, coronary angiography, PCI, CABG, ventricular tachycardia or cardiac arrest within 48 hours of UEA receipt for TTE/SE among adults. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to account for baseline imbalances.

Results:
Of the 11,421,463 individuals included (mean age 57.5 ± 16.2, 54.0% female, 46.2% White), a total of 500,073 (4.4%) received TTE/SE with UEAs. Individuals receiving Lumason™ or Definity™ more frequently had TTEs/SEs performed in the emergency department/inpatient setting and had more comorbidities than those receiving Optison™. After PSM, the odds of death were lower in those receiving UEAs (receipt vs. non-receipt, 0.02% vs. 0.14%, OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.19-0.28, p < 0.001) and were similar across agents (
Table;
Definity™: 0.02%, OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.18-0.28; Lumason™: 0.03%, OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.18-0.28; Optison™: 0.01%, OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.08-0.38; all p < 0.001). Rates of the composite outcome were essentially unchanged after excluding claims for anaphylaxis. Rates of all outcomes were stable across study years, including considering pre-COVID (2018-2019) and post-COVID (2020-2022) periods.

Conclusions:
In this large nationwide claims analysis from 2018-2022, serious adverse events from UEAs for TTE/SE were uncommon and overall similar across agents and years of study. Receipt of UEAs was associated with a lower odds of death at 48 hours.
Abstract 4122301: The Role of Hepatic CDS2 in Phosphatidylinositol Homeostasis and Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Kim Chai-wan , Dias do Vale Goncalo , McDonald Jeff , Horton Jay , MITSCHE Matthew
Published: November 2024

Background:
Recent studies in both human genetics and mouse models have highlighted the significance of phosphatidylinositol (PI) in the progression of fatty liver disease (FLD). Despite this, the precise mechanisms underlying PI's role remain elusive.

Aims:
This study aimed to elucidate the involvement of PI in FLD by disrupting hepatic PI biosynthesis through modulation of CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 2 (CDS2) expression, the primary enzyme in PI biosynthesis (A).

Methods:
We generated liver-specific knockouts of CDS2 and SCAP (SREBP cleavage-activating protein) using adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing sgRNA against each gene. Phospholipid species were analyzed and quantified by LC/MS.

Results:
CDS2 liver-specific knockout mice (B, C) exhibited a pronounced development of fatty liver, characterized by elevated triglyceride and cholesterol levels (C). Notably, liver PI levels were significantly reduced in CDS2 knockout mice (E), accompanied by dysregulated activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) even during fasting conditions (F), leading to increased de novo lipogenesis. Intraperitoneal administration of exogenous PI effectively normalized SREBP cleavage (G), highlighting PI's critical role in SREBP regulation. Furthermore, simultaneous knockout of SCAP with CDS2 restored the normal liver phenotype, implicating SREBP activation as a central mechanism underlying fatty liver development in CDS2 knockout mice (H, I).

Conclusion:
Deletion of CDS2 in the liver reduced PI levels, subsequently inducing significant fatty liver due to dysregulated SREBP activation. This study underscores the importance of CDS2 in maintaining PI homeostasis, which in turn regulates SREBP activity and lipid metabolism. Our findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders and offer potential therapeutic strategies for targeting FLD.