bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Organizer's Perspective
Authors: Wich Scott
Published: April 2022

In last month's Management Report, we considered the importance of perspective when it comes to union prevention efforts. The perspectives of employees and supervisors can change significantly over time and, as a general proposition, both employees and supervisors are more likely to be open‐minded to union‐free messages near the start of employment. Abrupt messaging in response to a union representation petition tends to be significantly less effective among both employees and supervisors.
Real‐time imaging of respiratory effects on cerebrospinal fluid flow in small diameter passageways
Authors: Töger Johannes , Andersen Mads , Haglund Olle , Kylkilahti Tekla Maria , Lundgaard Iben , Markenroth Bloch Karin
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Respiration‐related CSF flow through the cerebral aqueduct may be useful for elucidating physiology and pathophysiology of the glymphatic system, which has been proposed as a mechanism of brain waste clearance. Therefore, we aimed to (1) develop a real‐time (CSF) flow imaging method with high spatial and sufficient temporal resolution to capture respiratory effects, (2) validate the method in a phantom setup and numerical simulations, and (3) apply the method in vivo and quantify its repeatability and correlation with different respiratory conditions.

Methods

A golden‐angle radial flow sequence (reconstructed temporal resolution 168 ms, spatial resolution 0.6 mm) was implemented on a 7T MRI scanner and reconstructed using compressed sensing. A phantom setup mimicked simultaneous cardiac and respiratory flow oscillations. The effect of temporal resolution and vessel diameter was investigated numerically. Healthy volunteers (n = 10) were scanned at four different respiratory conditions, including repeat scans.

Results

Phantom data show that the developed sequence accurately quantifies respiratory oscillations (ratio real‐time/reference QR = 0.96 ± 0.02), but underestimates the rapid cardiac oscillations (ratio QC = 0.46 ± 0.14). Simulations suggest that QC can be improved by increasing temporal resolution. In vivo repeatability was moderate to very strong for cranial and caudal flow (intraclass correlation coefficient range: 0.55–0.99) and weak to strong for net flow (intraclass correlation coefficient range: 0.48–0.90). Net flow was influenced by respiratory condition (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The presented real‐time flow MRI method can quantify respiratory‐related variations of CSF flow in the cerebral aqueduct, but it underestimates rapid cardiac oscillations. In vivo, the method showed good repeatability and a relationship between flow and respiration.
Combining navigator and optical prospective motion correction for high‐quality 500 μm resolution quantitative multi‐parameter mapping at 7T
Authors: Vaculčiaková Lenka , Podranski Kornelius , Edwards Luke J. , Ocal Dilek , Veale Thomas , Fox Nick C. , Haak Rainer , Ehses Philipp , Callaghan Martina F. , Pine Kerrin J. , Weiskopf Nikolaus
Published: April 2022

Purpose

High‐resolution quantitative multi‐parameter mapping shows promise for non‐invasively characterizing human brain microstructure but is limited by physiological artifacts. We implemented corrections for rigid head movement and respiration‐related B0‐fluctuations and evaluated them in healthy volunteers and dementia patients.

Methods

Camera‐based optical prospective motion correction (PMC) and FID navigator correction were implemented in a gradient and RF‐spoiled multi‐echo 3D gradient echo sequence for mapping proton density (PD), longitudinal relaxation rate (R1) and effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*). We studied their effectiveness separately and in concert in young volunteers and then evaluated the navigator correction (NAVcor) with PMC in a group of elderly volunteers and dementia patients. We used spatial homogeneity within white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) and scan‐rescan measures as quality metrics.

Results

NAVcor and PMC reduced artifacts and improved the homogeneity and reproducibility of parameter maps. In elderly participants, NAVcor improved scan‐rescan reproducibility of parameter maps (coefficient of variation decreased by 14.7% and 11.9% within WM and GM respectively). Spurious inhomogeneities within WM were reduced more in the elderly than in the young cohort (by 9% vs. 2%). PMC increased regional GM/WM contrast and was especially important in the elderly cohort, which moved twice as much as the young cohort. We did not find a significant interaction between the two corrections.

Conclusion

Navigator correction and PMC significantly improved the quality of PD, R1, and R2* maps, particularly in less compliant elderly volunteers and dementia patients.
A new design approach for thermal actuators based on topology optimization with stress constraints
Authors: Ogawa Shun , Yamada Takayuki
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes a new approach for the design of thermal actuators using topology optimization. For the designs based on topology optimization, compliant mechanisms are required to have flexible, stiff, and sustained structures. To achieve this, conventional methods usually consider multiloading problems or use spring elements. In this work, a method that only considers one load case and does not use spring elements was developed by introducing an objective function that combines evaluation functions that provide necessary features for the actuators. This way, a structure with the same deformation mode of real phenomena could be derived with a low computational cost and without spring elements. In addition, the stress constraints on the thermal stress, which have not been widely discussed so far, were applied to show the structure with the considered strength characteristics. The study subject is topology optimization of an isotropic thermo‐elastic model considering a thermo‐mechanical problem. Finally, numerical examples for multiple conditions were performed to show that the proposed method can derive the desired optimal structure.
Outcome of retinoblastoma treatment protocol in Cameroon as per SIOP‐PODC recommendation for a low‐income setting
Authors: Kruger Mariana , van Elsland Sabine L. , Afungchwi Glenn M. , Bardin Richard , Njodzeka Bernard , Kouya Francine , Nfor Patience , Nana Philippa , Wharin Paul , Hesseling Peter B.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The International Society of Paediatric Oncology‐Paediatric Oncology in Developing Countries (SIOP‐PODC) group recommended graduated‐intensity retinoblastoma treatment for children in low‐ and middle‐income countries with limited local resources.

Aim

The aim was to improve outcome of children with retinoblastoma by means of a treatment protocol for low‐income settings as recommended by the SIOP‐PODC recommendation in Cameroon.

Methods

Children diagnosed with retinoblastoma between 2012 and 2016 were treated in two Baptist Mission hospitals in Cameroon, staging according to the International Retinoblastoma Staging System. Treatment included local therapy and combination chemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin) with or without surgery as per SIOP‐PODC guidelines for low‐income countries. Endpoint was survival at 24 months. Kaplan–Meier curves with log‐rank (Mantel–Cox) chi‐square (χ2) with respective p‐values were prepared.

Results

Eighty‐two children were included, of whom 79.3% had unilateral disease. The majority were males (61.0%) with median age 24 months (range 1–112 months; standard deviation [SD] 19). Limited disease was diagnosed in 58.5%, metastatic disease in 35.4%, and unknown stage in 6.1%. Overall survival (OS) was 50.0% at 24 months post diagnosis, but 68.8% for limited disease. Estimated cumulative survival at 24 months was 0.528 (standard error [SE] 0.056). Causes of death included disease progression/relapses (60.5%), neutropenic sepsis (15.9%), unknown causes (18.4%), unrelated infection (2.6%), and death post surgery (2.6%). Stage was significantly associated with OS (p < .001).

Conclusion

Stage was the most significant factor for good OS and demonstrated the efficacy and feasibility of the SIOP‐PODC‐proposed management guidelines for retinoblastoma in a lower middle‐income setting.
Discontinuation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Shima Haruko , Kada Akiko , Tanizawa Akihiko , Sato Iori , Tono Chikako , Ito Masaki , Yuza Yuki , Watanabe Akihiro , Kamibeppu Kiyoko , Uryu Hideko , Koh Katsuyoshi , Imai Chihaya , Yoshida Nao , Koga Yuhki , Fujita Naoto , Saito Akiko M. , Adachi Souichi , Ishii Eiichi , Shimada Hiroyuki
Published: April 2022

Background

The feasibility of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) discontinuation in pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains to be fully elucidated.

Procedures

TKI was prospectively discontinued in patients who were diagnosed with CML at <20 years of age, treated with TKI for ≥3 years, and sustained molecular response 4.0 (MR4.0) for ≥2 years. Molecular relapse was defined as a single loss of major molecular response (MMR) (BCR‐ABL1IS >0.1%). Relapsed patients resumed the same TKI therapy administered before discontinuation.

Results

Twenty‐two patients with chronic‐phase CML were enrolled, and the median ages at diagnosis and at TKI discontinuation were 9 (range: 1–14) years and 16 (5–26) years, respectively. The median follow‐up time after TKI discontinuation was 37 months (range: 24–41 months). The median duration of TKI treatment before discontinuation was 100 (42–178) months, and that of MR4.0 was 53.5 (25–148) months. The treatment‐free remission (TFR) rate at 12 months was 50.0% (90% confidence interval: 31.7%–65.8%). Eleven patients experienced loss of MMR within 4 months after TKI discontinuation and resumed TKI as originally prescribed. No progression was observed, and all 11 patients regained MR4.0 after TKI resumption. No patient had a withdrawal syndrome. The quality‐of‐life analysis suggested that successful TFR may improve academic performance in some patients. In patients who discontinued TKI therapy before puberty, the possibility of improvement in growth velocity upon TKI discontinuation was observed.

Conclusions

TKI could be discontinued safely in patients with pediatric CML showing a sustained deep MR.
Studies on mechanical and fracture properties of basalt/E‐glass fiber reinforced vinyl ester hybrid composites
Authors: G Jeevi , Ranganathan Nalini , Kader M Abdul
Published: April 2022

In this study, a comparative analysis of basalt, E‐glass and hybrid fiber reinforced vinyl ester composites was carried out. Composites were fabricated using vacuum infusion process with 0°/90° and ±45° as fiber orientation angles. The influence of volume fraction on mechanical behaviors and surface morphology of impact fractured composites were analyzed. The glass and basalt fibers oriented at 0° have shown higher load bearing capability, whereas the fibers oriented at 45° angle have shown higher plastic deformation. Hybridized composite having silane treated glass fibers has shown enhanced mechanical properties including tensile strength, bending strength, toughness, and elongation at break due to good bonding between fibers and polymer matrix. The tough and flexible interface between fiber and matrix dissipates more energy through stress transfer from matrix to fiber, allowing increased resistance to shearing. The impact test of BGS‐0.2 hybrid composite showed 103% and 108% of strength improvement compared to basalt (B‐0) and glass fiber (G‐0) reinforced laminates, respectively. However, the fiber orientation at 45 degree showed reduced the strength and modulus with high elongation. The fractography micrographs of hybrid composites have shown the effectiveness of basalt and glass fiber orientation in the composites and bonding between fiber and matrix indicating flexible interphase between the fiber and matrix during impact loading. The composites added with silane have shown marginal increase in water uptake due to presence of polar functional groups in the coupling agent.
Risk of myopericarditis following COVID‐19 mRNA vaccination in a large integrated health system: A comparison of completeness and timeliness of two methods
Authors: Sharff Katie A. , Dancoes David M. , Longueil Jodi L. , Johnson Eric S. , Lewis Paul F.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

How completely do hospital discharge diagnoses identify cases of myopericarditis after an mRNA vaccine?

Methods

We assembled a cohort 12–39 year‐old patients, insured by Kaiser Permanente Northwest, who received at least one dose of an mRNA vaccine (Pfizer‐BioNTech or Moderna) between December 2020 and October 2021. We followed them for up to 30 days after their second dose of an mRNA vaccine to identify encounters for myocarditis, pericarditis or myopericarditis. We compared two identification methods: A method that searched all encounter diagnoses using a brief text description (e.g., ICD‐10‐CM code I40.9 is defined as ‘acute myocarditis, unspecified’). We searched the text description of all inpatient or outpatient encounter diagnoses (in any position) for “myocarditis” or “pericarditis.” The other method was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD), which searched for emergency department visits or hospitalizations with a select set of discharge ICD‐10‐CM diagnosis codes. For both methods, two physicians independently reviewed the identified patient records and classified them as confirmed, probable or not cases using the CDC's case definition.

Results

The encounter methodology identified 14 distinct patients who met the confirmed or probable CDC case definition for acute myocarditis or pericarditis with an onset within 21 days of receipt of COVID‐19 vaccination. When we extended the search for relevant diagnoses to 30 days since vaccination, we identified two additional patients (for a total of 16 patients) who met the case definition for acute myocarditis or pericarditis, but those patients had been misdiagnosed at the time of their original presentation. Three of these patients had an ICD‐10‐CM code of I51.4 “Myocarditis, Unspecified;” that code was omitted by the VSD algorithm (in the late fall of 2021). The VSD methodology identified 11 patients who met the CDC case definition for acute myocarditis or pericarditis. Seven (64%) of the 11 patients had initial care for myopericarditis outside of a KPNW facility and their diagnosis could not be ascertained by the VSD methodology until claims were submitted (median delay of 33 days; range of 12–195 days). Among those who received a second dose of vaccine (n = 146 785), we estimated a risk as 95.4 cases of myopericarditis per million second doses administered (95% CI, 52.1–160.0).

Conclusion

We identified additional valid cases of myopericarditis following an mRNA vaccination that would be missed by the VSD's search algorithm, which depends on select hospital discharge diagnosis codes. The true incidence of myopericarditis is markedly higher than the incidence reported to US advisory committees in the fall of 2021. The VSD should validate its search algorithm to improve its sensitivity for myopericarditis.
The effect of music on accuracy in the Stroop test
Authors: Kim Andrew
Published: April 2022

First introduced by Frances Raucher, The Mozart Effect is the idea that there is a transient impact of music listening on spatial‐temporal processing. Researchers have found considerable merit to investigate the phenomena. The field has moved beyond the original claims of the Mozart Effect, with the arousal−mood hypothesis as one dominant interpretation. The hypothesis postulates that a modest increase in performance while listening to pleasant, energetic music is understood as a transient consequence of changes in mood and arousal. Therefore, the “Mozart Effect” can influence learning outcomes. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of music through the arousal‐and‐mood hypothesis by using the Stroop task. Subjects were randomly assigned to three conditions Mozart (positive), rock (negative), or no music (control). While working on the stroop task. Participants in all three conditions were assessed with an accuracy score. The results showed that both positively and negatively arousing music enhanced test scores. My study showed that both classical music and rock music had an effect in my experiment. Further studies should be explored if the enhanced cognitive ability can be used for therapeutic purposes.
Registration of ‘S16‐15170C’ soybean: A high‐yielding indeterminate maturity group V cultivar with wide adaptability and multiple disease resistance
Authors: Chen Pengyin , Shannon J. Grover , Canella Vieira Caio , Ali MD Liakat , Lee Dongho , Scaboo Andrew , Crisel Melissa , Smothers Scotty , Clubb Michael , Selves Stewart , Nguyen Henry , Li Zenglu , Mitchum Melissa Goellner , Averitt Ben , Bond Jason P. , Meinhardt Clinton G. , Usovsky Mariola , Li Shuxian , Gillen Anne M. , Mengistu Alemu , Zhang Bo , Mozzoni Leandro Angel , Robbins Robert T. , Moseley David
Published: April 2022

With the rise of novel specialty markets and changes in consumers’ preferences, the demand for high‐yielding, non‐genetically modified (non‐GM) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars has been steadily increasing over the last decade. Interest from growers in non‐GM soybean cultivars has also increased because they may benefit from premium prices, reduced seed costs, and flexible farming systems. To meet this growing demand, the University of Missouri–Fisher Delta Research, Extension, and Education Center soybean breeding team has developed and released ‘S16‐15170C’ (Reg. no. CV‐550, PI 699900), a high‐yielding conventional soybean cultivar with multiple disease resistance and broad adaptation to the Southern states. S16‐15170C has an indeterminate growth habit and white flowers, gray pubescence, and tan pod wall color. This soybean cultivar has been extensively tested across 12 states from 2017 to 2020 and has outyielded commercial checks in 48 out of 78 environments, with the average yield being 102.7% of checks overall. S16‐15170C is resistant to soybean cyst nematode, stem canker, frogeye leaf spot, sudden death syndrome, brown stem rot, and phytophthora root rot. The combination of high yielding potential, broad adaptability, and multiple disease resistance in a non‐GM genetic background makes S16‐15170C a suitable soybean cultivar choice for growers adopting an alternative farming system and maximizing potential returns during the season.
Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome in the overhead and throwing athlete: A narrative review
Authors: Troyer Wesley , Gardner James E. , Bowers Robert L.
Published: April 2022

Thoracic outlet syndrome is an important cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction due to compression of neurovascular structures as they traverse the thoracic outlet. Symptoms are most commonly due to compression of the brachial plexus called neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (nTOS). Throwing athletes are at increased risk of nTOS because of a variety of biomechanical factors. However, because nTOS symptoms are often nonspecific, delayed diagnosis is common. Neurogenic thoracic outlet largely remains a diagnosis of exclusion with advanced imaging ruling out vascular involvement and diagnostic injections gaining favor in helping localize sites of compression. Although rehabilitation alone may improve symptoms in some athletes, many require surgical treatment for long‐term relief. This generally entails decompression of the thoracic outlet by some combination of muscle release, brachial plexus neurolysis, and first rib resection. Outcomes tend to be successful in athletes with most achieving resolution of symptoms and return to athletic activity. NTOS is an important cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction in throwing athletes. The history and physical examination should focus on activities that exacerbate symptoms. Treatment of nTOS generally requires surgical intervention and allows throwing athletes to return to sport.
Insect cell expression and purification of recombinant SARS‐COV‐2 spike proteins that demonstrate ACE2 binding
Authors: Struble Lucas R. , Smith Audrey L. , Lutz William E. , Grubbs Gabrielle , Sagar Satish , Bayles Kenneth W. , Radhakrishnan Prakash , Khurana Surender , El‐Gamal Dalia , Borgstahl Gloria E. O.
Published: April 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has led to socio‐economic shutdowns and the loss of over 5 million lives worldwide. There is a need for the identification of therapeutic targets to treat COVID‐19. SARS‐CoV‐2 spike is a target of interest for the development of therapeutic targets. We developed a robust SARS‐CoV‐2 S spike expression and purification protocol from insect cells and studied four recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein constructs based on the original SARS‐CoV‐2 sequence using a baculovirus expression system: a spike protein receptor‐binding domain that includes the SD1 domain (RBD) coupled to a fluorescent tag (S‐RBD‐eGFP), spike ectodomain coupled to a fluorescent tag (S‐Ecto‐eGFP), spike ectodomain with six proline mutations and a foldon domain (S‐Ecto‐HexaPro(+F)), and spike ectodomain with six proline mutations without the foldon domain (S‐Ecto‐HexaPro(‐F)). We tested the yield of purified protein expressed from the insect cell lines Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) and Trichoplusia ni (Tni) and compared it to previous research using mammalian cell lines to determine changes in protein yield. We demonstrated quick and inexpensive production of functional glycosylated spike protein of high purity capable of recognizing and binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. To further confirm functionality, we demonstrate binding of eGFP fused construct of the spike ectodomain (S‐Ecto‐eGFP) to surface ACE2 receptors on lung epithelial cells by flow cytometry analysis and show that it can be decreased by means of receptor manipulation (blockade or downregulation).
‘Will ye no’ come back again?’: Population challenge and diaspora policy in Scotland
Authors: Leith Murray S. , Sim Duncan
Published: April 2022

Like many countries, Scotland has its population challenges, including a low birth rate and an ageing population. Some countries have sought to offset these challenges by the promotion of ‘replacement immigration’ or by economic policies to attract migrants. But, as part of the United Kingdom, Scotland lacks many of the policy levers available to promote wide‐ranging socioeconomic development and has no powers over immigration, as this is reserved to the U.K. Government. In this paper, we explore the potential for attracting members of the Scottish diaspora as a means of boosting population growth, using data from a series of surveys we have undertaken during the last decade. Although Scotland's quality of life may be attractive to returners, employment opportunities are crucial. However, the coronavirus pandemic has shown the potential for widening home‐based working and this demonstrates additional possibilities for returners to live in Scotland while working elsewhere.
Microbial nutrient limitation and catalytic adjustments revealed from a long‐term nutrient restriction experiment
Authors: Kumar Amit , Pausch Johanna
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Microbial abundance and activities in soils are predominantly determined by soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. Much research has focused on the effects of soil N than P availability on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities as sensitive proxies of microbial ecophysiology highlighting the need to investigate how microbes will respond to P availability in soil, especially in cropping systems.

Materials and Methods

The effect of P fertilisation on microbial biomass‐C, ‐N and ‐P, and the kinetic parameters (maximal velocity [Vmax], Michaelis constant [Km] and catalytic efficiency [Ka]) of β‐1,4‐glucosidase (BG; C‐acquiring), leucine‐aminopeptidase (LAP; predominantly N‐acquiring) and acid phosphomonoesterase (PHO; P‐acquiring) were measured in a nutrient‐poor agricultural soil (devoid of fertiliser application since 1942).

Results

This study showed that P fertilisation led to a 65% and 56% increase in microbial biomass‐N and ‐P, respectively, indicating severe P limitation and inefficient N acquisition by microbes without P availability. Increased Ka values of LAP with P fertilisation further hint toward the production of efficient isoenzymes to avoid resource tradeoffs for nutrient acquisition.

Conclusions

Overall, these results decipher microbial metabolic and catalytic adjustments mediated by soil P availability. Increased microbial biomass‐N and ‐P with P fertilisation indicated microbial N and P colimitation that was partly overcome by the production of efficient enzymes for N acquisition with P fertilisation. We argue to incorporate microbial enzyme activities as a response to different management strategies to better inform us about soil biogeochemical cycles in cropping systems.
Induction of Phenol Hydroxylase from Aspergillus niger and Its Optimization
Authors: Bilgi Mesut , Peksel Aysegul
Published: April 2022

Phenol is a harmful substance that can be present in many industrial wastewaters. Chemical phenol removal is feasible, but the procedure is challenging and expensive. Biological phenol removal is possible under mild conditions with enzymes. Phenol hydroxylase is the main enzyme for phenol removal. In this study, phenol hydroxylase was induced from filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. The results have shown that it is possible to use Aspergillus niger as a phenol hydroxylase source, but the enzyme has activity in limited temperature and pH conditions. The optimal working conditions of the enzyme are 30 °C and pH 6.5. The enzyme has moderate storage and thermal stability, and various compounds inhibit it.
A Review of the Application of Heterostructure Catalysts in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Dong Shizhi , Li Yanshuai , Zhao Zhilong , Li Ruichuan , He Jiaqi , Yin Jinpeng , Yan Bing , Zhang Xing
Published: April 2022

Hydrogen energy as a significant part of clean energy in the future has been widely studied. Hydrogen production from electric cracking water is the most effective and mature development method at present. Heterostructured electrocatalysts are favored due to their low overpotential, excellent assembly structure and good electron transfer ability. Consequently this paper reviews the development of heterogeneous electrocatalysts, the measurement parameters of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and related research progress, and gives the hydrogen evolution mechanism in acidic, alkaline and neutral environments. Finally, we explain the essential development direction and severe challenges in this field.
Effect of Humic Acid on the Adsorption/Desorption Behaviors of Trivalent Chromium on Calcium Modified Montmorillonite and Kaolinite
Authors: Xu Xinyu , Li Yan , Hu Xinjiang , Xie Guangyu , Xu Hao , Gao Mengxi , Zhang Xuefei , Zhang Riqing , Tang Chunfang , Hu Xi
Published: April 2022

The interactions between Cr(III) and calcium ion modified montmorillonite or kaolinite (Ca−Mt or Ca−Kaol) in the absence and presence of humic acid (HA) were investigated by batch equilibrium experiments under different pH values. A linear additive model was introduced to extrapolate the solid‐liquid distribution of Cr(III) in ternary systems by using Kd values obtained from binary systems among clay mineral, Cr, and HA. The different affinity of Cr(III) between HA and clay minerals had great effects on the Cr(III) adsorption in the ultimate ternary system. Ca−Mt showed a better adsorption ability for Cr(III) due to the superior physicochemical properties compared to Ca−Kaol. The adsorption‐desorption isotherms were used to study the reversibility of Cr(III) sorption in the binary and ternary systems, and the physicochemical characterization explored the main mechanism of Cr(III) immobilization by clay minerals including cation exchange and surface complex.
Halo‐Substituted Blatter Radicals and Their Role in Modulating Magnetic Interaction in Metal Complexes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Kapurwan Sandhya , Gupta Arindam , Mondal Arpan , Konar Sanjit
Published: April 2022

Herein, we report the synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of three new halo‐substituted benzotriazinyl radicals (Rad3a‐3c where a=Cl, b=Br, c=I) and two metal complexes [M(hfac)2(Rad3c)⋅CHCl3](M=Cu(II) (1), Zn(II) (2) and hfac: hexafluoroacetylacetonate) as representative examples. Structural analyses disclose that all the radicals are isostructural. Compared to the reported benzotriazinyl radicals, the N4 atom of pyridine flips opposite to the spin bearing (N1) centre, and it is stabilized by secondary C−H⋅⋅⋅N interaction. The π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interaction between the spin bearing centre and pyridyl ring decreases as the size of the halogen increases from ‐Cl to ‐I. The stacking distance is substantially longer than the other coordinating benzotriazinyl radicals reported so far. The dc magnetic studies reveal the presence of strong intermolecular antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between the radical dimers, which decreases in the order of Rad3a→Rad3b→Rad3c. Complex 1 shows a strong intramolecular through‐bond metal‐radical ferromagnetic interaction, whereas a weak intermolecular through‐space radical⋅⋅⋅radical antiferromagnetic exchange interaction is observed in complex 2. Furthermore, the broken symmetry (BS)‐DFT calculations were performed to get more insight into the exchange interaction for all the radicals and metal complexes.
Recent Examples in the Synthesis and Functionalization of C−H Bonds in Pyrrolo/Indolo [1,2‐a]Quinoxalines
Authors: Le Huy X. , Nguyen Tung T.
Published: April 2022

As important molecules that find ubiquitous applications in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and functional materials, pyrrolo/indolo [1,2‐a]quinoxalines have attracted substantial attention. This review features recent development, since 2019, on methods for synthesis of such fused N,N‐heterocycles. In addition, the latest examples related to direct functionalization of C−H bonds in pyrrolo/indolo [1,2‐a]quinoxalines will be discussed as well.
TBHP‐Mediated Selenocyclization of N‐Allylbenzamides/Benzthioamides via In‐Situ Generation of “PhSeOH” Species**
Authors: Makhal Priyanka N. , Dannarm Srinivas Reddy , Shaikh Arbaz Sujat , Sonti Rajesh , Kaki Venkata Rao
Published: April 2022

A simple tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)‐mediated method has been developed to construct selenated oxazolines/thiazolines under microwave irradiation. The selenocyclization of N‐allylbenzamides/benzthioamides could be achieved owing to the addition of an active electrophilic selenium species, generated in situ from diphenyl diselenide on reacting with TBHP, at their olefinic site. The reaction mechanism was confirmed by intercepting and characterizing all the proposed intermediates by ESI‐QTOF‐MS and NMR study. This method offers several advantages including simpler reaction conditions, shorter reaction time, catalyst‐free, thus rendering a competent alternative to the synthesis of selenated oxazolines/thiazolines in yields of upto 95 %.
Do not ask, but you shall still receive: Newcomer reactions to receiving negative gossip
Authors: Jalil Daroon , Xu Xiaohong , Jiang Lixin , Wang Hai‐Jiang
Published: April 2022

As research regarding the targets and initiators of workplace gossip is gaining traction, one perspective that remains overlooked is the gossip receiver. Organizational newcomers are a particularly relevant population to study the impact of receiving negative gossip on because they use social information to navigate an unfamiliar organizational terrain. We propose a parallel moderated mediation model in which receiving negative gossip has contradicting effects on newcomer job anxiety through perceived social inclusion and negative rumination, and agreeableness as a boundary condition of the effects of receiving negative gossip. We collected data from 202 newcomers using a four‐wave time‐lagged design and found that receiving negative gossip increased newcomer job anxiety via negative rumination but did not decrease job anxiety via perceived social inclusion. Further, agreeableness moderated the effect of receiving negative gossip on negative rumination (but not perceived social inclusion) such that the effect of receiving negative gossip on negative rumination was stronger for less agreeable newcomers. Lastly, the indirect effect of receiving negative gossip on job anxiety via negative rumination was stronger for less agreeable newcomers. Theoretical and practical implications specific to gossip and newcomers are discussed.
Impact of Atomic Rearrangement and Single Atom Stabilization on MoSe2@NiCo2Se4 Heterostructure Catalyst for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Majumdar Abhisek , Dutta Pronoy , Sikdar Anirban , Lee Heehyeon , Ghosh Debasis , Jha Sambhu Nath , Tripathi Shilpa , Oh Yongtak , Maiti Uday Narayan
Published: April 2022

High overpotentials required to cross the energy barriers of both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) limit the overall efficiency of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water. The rational design of heterostructures and anchoring single‐atom catalysts (SAC) are the two successful strategies to lower these overpotentials, but realization of such advanced nanostructures with adequate electronic control is challenging. Here, the heterostructure of edge‐oriented molybdenum selenide (MoSe2) and nickel‐cobalt‐selenide (NiCo2Se4) realized through selenization of mixed metal oxide/hydroxide is presented. The as‐developed sheet‐on‐sheet heterostructure shows excellent HER performance, requiring an overpotential of 89 mV to get a current density 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 65 mV dec−1. Further, resultant MoSe2@NiCo2Se4 is photochemically decorated with single‐atom iridium, which on electrochemical surface reconstruction displays outstanding OER activity, requiring only 200 and 313 mV overpotentials for 10 and 500 mA cm−2 current densities, respectively. A full cell electrolyzer comprising of MoSe2@NiCo2Se4 as cathode and its SAC‐Ir decorated counterpart as anode requires only 1.51 V to attain 10 mA cm−2 current density. Density functional theory calculation reveals the importance of rational heterostructure design and synergistic electronic coupling of single atom iridium in HER and OER processes, respectively.
Piezocatalytic and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Evolution of Sulfide Solid Solution Nano‐Branches from Pure Water and Air
Authors: Lin Sen , Wang Qi , Huang Hongwei , Zhang Yihe
Published: April 2022

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a useful chemical has a wide range of applications, and the development of efficient semiconducting materials for H2O2 production is deemed as a promising strategy to realize the energy conversion. In this paper, CdxZn1‐xS (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1) nano‐branches are fabricated and the piezocatalytic and photocatalytic H2O2 evolution performance are studied. Under ultrasound condition, the H2O2 yield of as‐synthesized solid solutions is all higher than those of pristine ZnS and CdS, and optimal evolution rate achieves 21.9 µmol g−1 h−1 for Cd0.5Zn0.5S without any sacrificial agent, while it is increased to 151.6 µmol g−1 h−1 under visible light irradiation. The piezo/photoelectrochemical tests, piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), and computational simulation reveal that the nano‐branch structure benefits the mechanical energy conversion more, favoring the H2O2 evolution for Cd0.5Zn0.5S, and a higher concentration of charge carriers is generated in photocatalysis. The active radical trapping and in situ electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments demonstrate that both of the H2O2 generation pathways are originated from oxygen reduction by the sequential two‐step single‐electron reaction. This work opens a door for promoting the H2O2 production from nanostructure and solid solution design.
Effect of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) extract in antioxidant status and intestinal morphology of pulmonary hypertensive chickens
Authors: Bahadoran Shahab , Teymouri Younes , Hassanpour Hossein , Mohebbi Abdolnaser , Akbari Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The effects of dietary sage on the growth performance, antioxidant status, intestinal mucosa morphology, and pulmonary hypertensive response were investigated in broiler chickens with pulmonary hypertension.

Methods

Chicks (Ross 308) were reared under cold stress for 35 days and treated with 0.05% vitamin C (positive control) and 0 (control), 0.1 or 0.2% sage extracts, then performance, oxidant and antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology were evaluated.

Results

The index of pulmonary hypertension (RV:TV) was decreased, and weight gain (days 22–35) was increased in all treatments (except for sage 0.1%) compared with control (P < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation was decreased, whereas the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GPX, CAT, and SOD) was increased in the sage 0.2% group compared with control (P < 0.05). In the lung, SOD, CAT, and GPX transcripts were decreased in the sage 0.2% group compared with control (P < 0.05). In the right ventricle of the heart, SOD and CAT transcripts were increased in the sage 0.2% group compared with other groups of chickens, whereas GPX transcript was decreased (P < 0.05). The jejunal villus length in the chickens fed sage was significantly lower than in control (P < 0.05). The ileal villus width, villus surface area, and lamina proporia thickness in the chickens fed sage (0.2%) were increased compared with control (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Dietary supplementation of sage (0.2%) could modulate pulmonary hypertensive response, improve antioxidant status (enzymatic activity), intestinal morphometry, and absorptive surface in the broiler chickens.
Correction to: Culinary List Form in the Experimental Poetry of 1960s Finland: Literary Menus and Recipes
Authors: Joensuu Juri
Published: April 2022

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. An entry was missing in the reference list of Chapter 9. The missing reference has been updated as below.
Einleitung: Logischer Empirismus, Lebensreform und die deutsche Jugendbewegung
Authors: Damböck Christian , Sandner Günther , Werner Meike G.
Published: April 2022

Der Logische Empirismus entstand in den 1920er-Jahren. Entscheidend für die intellektuelle Formierung dieser philosophischen Strömung waren die von Rudolf Carnap und Hans Reichenbach organisierte Erlanger Tagung von 1923 sowie die Diskussionen im Wiener Kreis, der sich 1924 gründete. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt hatten die Lebensreform und deutsche Jugendbewegung den Höhepunkt ihrer Entwicklung – der in den Jahren vor, während und unmittelbar nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg zu verorten ist – bereits hinter sich. Bekannt ist auch dass sowohl Carnap als auch Reichenbach in frühen Jahren durch lebensreformerische und jugendbewegte Strömungen geprägt wurden. Bei der Frage nach möglichen Verbindungen der Lebensreform und (deutschen bzw. österreichischen) Jugendbewegung mit dem Logischen Empirismus geht es also zunächst darum, die intellektuellen Biografien dieser beiden 1891 geborenen Philosophen genauer in den Blick zu nehmen. Inwiefern waren die frühen intellektuellen Aktivitäten von Carnap und Reichenbach – ihre Vorträge, Aufsätze und Publikationen sowie ihr Engagement in diversen studentischen Reforminitiativen – aus der Lebensreform und Jugendbewegung erwachsen? Inwiefern wirkten deren praktische und intellektuelle Interventionen auf Jugendbewegung und Lebensreform zurück? Hat sich das spätere Werk von Carnap und/oder Reichenbach von den Grundgedanken der Jugendbewegung Im Laufe der Jahre entfernt und wo gibt es nachweisbare Kontinuitäten?
Otto Neurath, Emil Lederer und der Max-Weber-Kreis
Authors: Hübinger Gangolf
Published: April 2022

Der Beitrag thematisiert signifikante Berührungen zwischen Wiener Kreis und Heidelberger Weber-Kreis, wie sie sich hauptsächlich in der kritischen Auseinandersetzung um den modernen Kapitalismus ergeben haben. Die Kontakte wurden primär durch Neurath und Lederer hergestellt. Unter fünf Aspekten wird das Diskursfeld dieser Berührungen abgesteckt. Den kulturellen Rahmen liefern Jugendbewegung und Lebensreform mit ihrem „Hunger nach Ganzheit“. Erörtert wird zweitens der Zusammenhang von „Gemeinschaft“ und „Gemeinwirtschaft“ für das lebensreformerische Wirtschaftsdenken. Drittens sind die Begegnungen zwischen Jugend und Professoren auf den von Eugen Diederichs organisierten Lauensteiner Kulturtagungen im welthistorischen Jahr von 1917 auszuwerten. Daran anschließend geht es viertens um die Pläne und Probleme der „Sozialisierung“ in der Revolution von 1918/1919. Im Ergebnis lassen sich fünftens in der Konstellation Neurath-Lederer-Weber die Gegensätze und Überschneidungen zwischen Weber-Kreis und Wiener Kreis ermitteln.
„Sie diskutieren sehr gern, aber sehr dilettantisch.“ Carnaps Vorträge am Dessauer Bauhaus
Authors: Bernhard Peter
Published: April 2022

Carnaps Gastvorträge am Bauhaus gelten gemeinhin als Höhepunkt einer vermeintlichen Zusammenarbeit des Wiener Kreises mit der Dessauer Avantgardeschule unter dem Direktorat von Hannes Meyer. Die erhaltenen Vortragsmanuskripte zeichnen jedoch ein diesbezüglich ernüchterndes Bild. Demnach enttäuschte Carnap einen großen Teil des Publikums gleich doppelt, indem er ausführte, dass weder politische Einstellungen noch Gestaltungsprinzipien wissenschaftlich begründbar seien. Daher sei auch der vom Wiener Kreis geführte Kampf gegen die Metaphysik auf die Bauhausarbeit nicht übertragbar und somit Wendungen wie „metaphysisches Ornament“ rein metaphorisch. So konnte Carnap als verbindende Gemeinsamkeit letztendlich nur ein übereinstimmendes Lebensgefühl konstatieren.
Die religiösen Ursprünge des Nonkognitivismus bei Carnap
Authors: Carus A. W.
Published: April 2022

Carnaps Nonkognitivismus hatte seinen Ursprung nicht bei Kant, wie meist geglaubt wird, sondern im radikalen Anti-Theologismus des protestantischen Publizisten und Predigers Johannes Müller. Dies wird anhand eines Vortragsmanuskripts aus der Zeit vor dem Krieg (ca. 1911) gezeigt, als Carnap in Freiburg studierte und dort auch an der Gründung einer Freischar mitarbeitete. Die radikale Trennung von „Glaubensätzen“ (die höchste Werte zum Ausdruck bringen) und „Wissenssätzen“ (die – wie sich Carnap später ausdrücken würde – „kognitives“ Wissen formulieren) setzt sich auch, wie gezeigt wird, in anderen frühen Zeugnissen aus der Kriegs- und Nachkriegszeit fort. Aber irgendwann während dem Krieg wurde die religiöse Basis dieser scharfen begrifflichen Trennung durch die Kantische Trennung zwischen praktischer und theoretischer Vernunft ersetzt. Carnap behielt die scharfe Trennung bei, aber ersetzte die Basis für die Trennung.
Carnap, Reichenbach, Freyer. Noncognitivist Ethics and Politics in the Spirit of the German Youth Movement
Authors: Damböck Christian
Published: April 2022

This paper argues that the noncognitivist philosophies of two key figures of left-wing Logical Empiricism, namely, Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach, and the ideologue of a “revolution from the right,” namely, Hans Freyer, were intended as political concepts regarding how society ought to contend with values and norms. This political character of noncognitivism and the tension between its different varieties—from the liberal left to the far right—becomes fully visible only if we return to the origin of these views in the German Youth Movement of the second decade of the twentieth century.
Geometry and Actual Construction in Brick Vaults by Slices: The Case of Carranque in Spain
Authors: López-Mozo Ana , Rabasa-Díaz Enrique , Calvo-López José , Alonso-Rodríguez Miguel Ángel , Sanjurjo-Álvarez Alberto
Published: April 2022

This paper deals with the study of a rectangular plan sail vault built by brick slices in the Roman villa of Carranque in Spain in the fifth century, in the context of a research project on the constructive configuration of Mediterranean vaults of this kind. The project aims to identify technical links to trace their expansion and examine the possibilities of using this technique in present-day building practice. The case at Carranque confirms the arrival of this vaulting technique to the Iberian Peninsula prior to a possible diffusion through the Arab world. The analysis of a 3d photogrammetric model of the remains allows posing that the solution used to solve the slices meeting at the diagonal is different from Byzantine ones; the large perimetral arches were lowered, almost matching the height of the small ones, and a vertical area was placed, being arranged as if it were part of the vault itself. With this design, it is not easy to notice the rectangular form of the vault.
Detection of Archaeological Ruins Using Integrated Geophysical Surveys at the Pyramid of Senusret II, Lahun, Fayoum, Egypt
Authors: Saleh Salah , Saleh Ahmed , El Emam A. E. , Radwan Ali M. , Lethy Ahmed , Khalil Hassan A. , El-Qady Gad
Published: April 2022

Geophysical surveys were conducted in the Lahun area (Fayoum, Egypt). The Lahun area is known to have been the royal necropolis during the period of Senusret II (1897–1878 BC), where he built his pyramid. Integrated magnetic and gravity measurements were applied to investigate five locations in the area. The gravity survey was implemented in the areas where chambers, shafts, or cavity-like structures are expected, and magnetic survey was applied in the areas where mudbrick structures are expected. The magnetic survey was conducted using a Geoscan fluxgate gradiometer, whereas the gravity survey was conducted using a Scintrex CG-5 gravimeter. The geophysical survey successfully revealed anomalies that could be part of the trench between the Queen’s Pyramid and the Senusret II Pyramid, several pits in the eastern and southern sides of Senusret II Pyramid, two chambers that could be royal tombs, and the remains of three large mudbrick structures that could be ancient warehouses.
Incident cardiovascular disease by clustering of favourable risk factors in type 1 diabetes: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study
Authors: Soulimane Soraya , Balkau Beverley , Vogtschmidt Yakima D. , Toeller Monika , Fuller John H. , Soedamah-Muthu Sabita S.
Published: April 2022

Aims

The aim of this prospective study was to examine CVD risk reduction in type 1 diabetes (1) for people with favourable cardiovascular health metrics and (2) by clustering of these metrics.

Methods

Data from 2313 participants from the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study were analysed. All had type 1 diabetes (51% men, mean ± SD age 32 ± 9 years). Seven cardiovascular health metrics were studied—smoking, BMI, physical activity, a diet score, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, combined systolic and diastolic BP and HbA1c—divided into favourable/less favourable categories. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate HRs (95% CIs) of incident CVD for each metric. Clusters were made by scoring each individual by the number of favourable metrics.

Results

A total of 163 people developed incident CVD during a mean ± SD follow-up of 7.2 ± 1.3 years. Participants with more favourable HbA1c levels of <57 mmol/mol (<7.4%) had a 37% significantly lower CVD risk than those with a less favourable HbA1c (HR [95% CI] 0.63 [0.44, 0.91]), and participants with a more favourable BP (systolic BP <112 mmHg and diastolic BP <70 mmHg) had a 44% significantly lower CVD risk than participants in the less favourable BP group (HR [95% CI] 0.56 [0.34, 0.92]). There was a dose–response relation with a lower HR observed with greater clustering of more favourable metrics: people with four or more favourable metrics had an HR of 0.37 (95% CI 0.18, 0.76), adjusted for sex and age at diabetes diagnosis, compared with those with no favourable metrics.

Conclusions/interpretation

Low HbA1c and low BP were protective cardiovascular health metrics in our study of people with type 1 diabetes. Targeting all cardiovascular health metrics could be more effective in preventing CVD than targeting single metrics.

Graphical abstract