bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polynucleotides High Purification Technology (PN HPTTM) Injection Improves Pain Status and Functional Impairment in Hip and Shoulder Tendinitis
Authors: Gervaso Paolo , Minale Massimiliano , Funel Niccola
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Tendinopathy is the preferred term to describe various tendon pathologies, including paratendinitis, tendinitis, and tendinosis, in the absence of histopathological evidence in biopsy specimens. The management of tendinopathies is challenging; rest, physiotherapy (such as eccentric training), injections, shock waves, orthotics, medical therapy, and surgery are the main therapeutic options offered to the patient. The conservative treatment of tendinopathies is still difficult, but several options have been proposed, including the use of anti-inflammatory molecules. In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of a conservative approach in improving pain and functional improvement in hip bursitis (HB) and biceps tendinitis (BT) patients. Methods: A series of data concerning the application of Polynucleotides High Purification Technology (PN HPTTM) in 47 patients with BT and HB was analyzed. All patients received three bi-weekly injections of PN HPTTM (T0–T2). Follow-up visits were performed at T3 (8 weeks from T2) and T4 (24 weeks from T2). Both the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain assessment and functional impairment (FI) scores were processed in the form of anonymized series for clinical improvement evaluations. Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) in pain reduction (−85%) and functional improvement (+86%) were found at the end of treatment. The levels of patient satisfaction (PS) and Clinical Global Improvement—Impression (CGI-I) were equal to 93% and 98%, respectively. According to the analyses, other patient data (e.g., gender, age, and BMI) did not appear to influence the positive treatment outcomes. Conclusions: The application of High Purification Technology (PN HPTTM) was shown to improve both pain and functional deterioration in patients with tendonitis in a similar manner to other conservative treatments. These retrospective analyses may open up new avenues for the implementation of conservative approaches in patients with tendinitis.
Not All in Vein: Oral Antibiotics for Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Gachet Benoit , Schechter Marcos C. , Armstrong David G. , Robineau Olivier , Senneville Eric
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Osteomyelitis is a severe complication of diabetes-related foot ulcers (DFUs) often managed with antibiotic therapy and surgical resection of the infected bone. Areas of research: While intravenous (IV) antibiotics have been the traditional approach for bone and joint infections in general, randomized clinical trials have shown that, overall, oral antibiotics are non-inferior to IV antibiotics. While comparisons between oral antibiotics are generally lacking, the data suggest that oral antibiotics with high bioavailability and bone penetration ratios should be prioritized for osteomyelitis treatment, including diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO). Oral regimens reduce hospital stays, avert catheter-related complications, and decrease treatment costs while improving patient satisfaction and quality of life. Despite these advantages, IV antibiotics remain widely used, partly due to clinical tradition and concerns about oral absorption in individuals with diabetes. Current guidelines recommend transitioning to oral therapy once systemic signs improve, but robust data supporting oral-only regimens for DFO treated non-surgically remain limited. Conclusions: Oral antibiotics represent a safe and effective alternative to IV therapy for many patients with DFO, particularly when high-bioavailability agents are used. Further well-designed studies are needed to validate their efficacy in non-surgical DFO management and inform clinical guidelines.
Evaluation of Aciclovir-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Critically Ill Patients: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Boosman René J. , Bosman Rob J. , van der Voort Peter H. J. , Franssen Eric J. F.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Aciclovir is a widely used antiviral agent. Since aciclovir is primarily eliminated through the kidneys, maintaining renal function is crucial to avoid toxicity. Although mitigating strategies are introduced in the standard of care, nephrotoxicity is still a major concern during treatment, especially for critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Therefore, risk factors for the development of nephrotoxicity during aciclovir therapy should be addressed. This study aimed to evaluate if aciclovir in combination with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and additional nephrotoxicity-mitigating strategies is associated with a decrease in renal function in critically ill ICU patients. Methods: In a cohort of ICU patients with or without intravenous aciclovir treatment (including standard of care mitigating strategies) propensity score matching was applied to balance baseline characteristics between aciclovir-treated and untreated groups. Aciclovir was monitored by measuring serum levels and the dose was adjusted when needed. Renal function was primarily assessed through serum creatinine. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for nephrotoxicity during ICU admission. Results: After propensity score matching, the study included 518 ICU patients, of whom 259 received aciclovir. Aciclovir was not associated with a significant decrease in renal function during admission. In fact, renal function appeared to improve in the aciclovir-treated group compared to the control group (beta-coefficient: −14.5 (95% confidence interval: −28.3 to −0.68), p = 0.04). Median aciclovir concentrations remained within the exploratory therapeutic range. Conclusions: Aciclovir therapy, at least when appropriately monitored, does not independently induce nephrotoxicity in critically ill ICU patients. TDM may further enhance safety by preventing supratherapeutic drug exposures. The results are significant as they provide evidence supporting the safe use of aciclovir in a vulnerable patient population. Future studies should focus on establishing therapeutic and toxic concentration thresholds for aciclovir and assessing the clinical utility of TDM in this context.
Comprehensive Analysis of Strong Opioid Side Effects in Palliative Care Using the SIDER Database
Authors: Hirai Risako , Kei Motoki , Uesawa Yoshihiro
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: There exist multiple opioid-based treatments in palliative care, each with distinct side effect profiles. When adverse events occur, switching opioids can help maintain effective pain management. However, owing to limited clinical evidence, no comprehensive guidelines exist for opioid switching. This study employed the Side Effect Resource (SIDER) database, which aggregates adverse event data from clinical trials and package inserts, to analyze the side effects of five commonly used “strong opioids” in palliative care in Japan, namely morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone, hydromorphone, and tapentadol. Methods: Data on the names and incidence of adverse events for each opioid were extracted from SIDER 4.1, developed by the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed to interpret the data. Results: The key side effects of opioids were nausea, vomiting, constipation, and drowsiness. Fentanyl was more frequently associated with nausea and vomiting but less frequently with constipation and drowsiness. Tapentadol caused nausea relatively more frequently and constipation less frequently. Oxycodone was prominently linked to drowsiness, whereas morphine was frequently associated with constipation and drowsiness. Hydromorphone was associated with higher rates of constipation and vomiting but lower incidences of nausea and drowsiness. Conclusions: All side effects characterizing the opioids were related to μ-opioid receptor stimulation, although the present study findings highlight differences in the frequency of specific side effects among the opioids. These results provide objective insights that can guide opioid switching in response to adverse effects.
Data-Driven Analysis of the Causal Chain of Waterborne Traffic Accidents: A Hybrid Framework Based on an Improved Human Factors Analysis and Classification System with a Bayesian Network
Authors: Yin Xiangyu , Yan Yan , Wang Jiahao , Zhao Hongzhuan , Wu Qingyan , Xu Qi
Published: February 2025

In the context of economic globalization, waterborne transportation plays an important role in international trade and logistics. However, waterborne traffic accidents pose a severe threat to life, property safety, and the environment. To gain a deeper understanding of the causal mechanisms behind waterborne traffic accidents, we conducted a data-driven analysis of the causal chain of waterborne traffic accidents. By constructing a hybrid framework integrating an improved HFACS (Human Factors Analysis and Classification System) with a Bayesian network model, we conducted a multi-dimensional analysis of accident causes. The constructed model was quantitatively analyzed by applying genie software to the accident samples collected from the China MSA. The results indicate that there are 12, 3, 6, 2, 4, and 7 causal chains leading to collisions, contact, fires/explosions, windstorm accidents, sinking, and other types of accidents, respectively. These research results can serve as a reference for the enhancement of the safety of waterborne transportation.
Comparative Study on the Leakage Characteristics and Parameter Influence of Bio-Inspired Fishway Staggered Labyrinth Seals
Authors: Yu Zhentao , Jiang Jinbo , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Mengli , Li Canlong
Published: February 2025

Innovating seal structures and optimizing size parameters are effective ways to enhance the leakage characteristics of labyrinth seals (LSs). Inspired by the ecological fishways with high flow resistance on dam sides, a novel bio-inspired staggered labyrinth seal is proposed. The leakage characteristics of both the curved-edged bio-inspired labyrinth seal (CELS) and the straight-edged bio-inspired labyrinth seal (SELS) at different tooth-incline angles are studied numerically and experimentally. The influence of key geometrical parameters on the leakage characteristics and flow field parameters of the CELSs are investigated, and the leakage control mechanism of bio-inspired LSs is revealed via analyzing flow field parameter distribution. The results indicate that, compared to conventional double-sided staggered straight-tooth labyrinth seals, the leakage rate reduction in CELSs is up to 30% when the incline angle is equal to 25°, outperforming that of the SELS in leakage control. This improvement is mainly attributed to the flow path bending and jet contraction effects at the tooth-tip entrance, along with the thermodynamic effects of the high-turbulence dissipation zone adjacent to the tooth top. The optimum leakage characteristics can be achieved when seal clearance h < 0.5 mm, aspect ratio δ < 0.6, and tooth thickness t < 1.5 mm. This work provides new insights into the structural design of high-resistance and low-leakage labyrinth seals.
Mechanisms of Enhanced Thermal Durability in Porosity-Controlled Multilayer Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Pyeon Janghyeok , Kang Kyung-Moo , Kim Bong-Gu , Lee Jeonghyeon , Baek Sohee , Yang Seungcheol , Jung Yeon-Gil , Song Dowon , Yang Byungil
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the enhancement of thermal durability in multilayer yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBC) with porosity-controlled structures. Conventional single-layer YSZ and multilayer TBCs with dense and porous layers were fabricated by air plasma spraying and the TBC specimens were subjected to furnace cyclic testing. The single-layer TBC suffered from catastrophic delamination under cyclic thermal loading, driven by the mismatch in thermal expansion, while the multilayer TBCs exhibited a significant increase in thermal durability, by up to 50%. The relevant delamination mechanism was suggested with microstructural analysis, showing that the multilayer structure effectively relieved residual stresses by forming horizontal cracks, thereby mitigating crack propagation. This study emphasizes that the multilayer design in TBC with controlled porosity significantly enhances thermal durability, improving the operational lifespan of gas turbine hot components.
Characterization of Vegetable Oils for Direct Use in Polyurethane-Based Adhesives: Physicochemical and Compatibility Assessment
Authors: Ciastowicz Żaneta , Pamuła Renata , Bobak Łukasz , Białowiec Andrzej
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the compatibility and innovative applications of unmodified vegetable oils, including rapeseed, sunflower, linseed, castor, and used cooking oils, in the production of sustainable polymeric materials, particularly polyurethane adhesives. Fatty acid composition was characterized using GC-MS, functional groups were identified by FTIR, and physicochemical properties, such as hydroxyl value, acid value, viscosity, and density, were measured using conventional analytical techniques. The results highlight significant differences in the properties of the oils, influencing their suitability for specific industrial applications. Castor oil, with its high ricinoleic acid content and hydroxyl value, was identified as the most suitable option for bio-based polyols and polyurethane production. Compatibility tests confirmed that unmodified oils can be effectively blended with polyols, ensuring stability and homogeneity without chemical modification. This approach simplifies production, reduces reliance on petrochemical feedstocks, and advances the development of environmentally friendly polyurethane adhesives. Future research will focus on optimizing formulations and assessing the long-term performance of adhesives incorporating unmodified vegetable oils.
Effect of TiC Particles on High-Temperature Properties of Al-Li Alloy and Coarsening of Al2CuLi(T1) Precipitates
Authors: Wang Zaihong , Ren Zhuoyang , Li Yong , Wang Zhao , Chen Jialin , Sun Zhexu , Wang Zhihao , Wang Haiyao , Tang Hongqun
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effect of TiC particles regarding the properties of aluminium–lithium alloys under high-temperature conditions, focusing on the reinforcing effect of TiC and TiB2 particles in the aluminium matrix and the effect on the coarsening process of T1 precipitates. Aluminium–lithium alloys are widely used in aerospace applications, especially as skin materials for fast vehicles, due to their excellent high specific strength and corrosion resistance. However, conventional aluminium alloys are inadequate in meeting the elevated temperature service requirements associated with supersonic flight. Consequently, there is a significant scientific imperative to investigate the heat resistance of novel aluminium–lithium alloys. The inclusion of TiC and TiB2 nanoparticles has been demonstrated to enhance the mechanical properties of the alloys, particularly at high temperatures of 200 °C. These particles have been shown to enhance the strength and toughness of the alloy through mechanisms such as grain refinement and increased dislocation density. Concurrently, this study determined that the coarsening phenomenon of T1 precipitates occurs at elevated temperatures. The inclusion of TiC particles, however, has been shown to inhibit the coarsening process, delay the coarsening of the T1 phase, and enhance the mechanical properties of the material. This outcome is of considerable significance for the composition design of aluminium–lithium alloys and their performance optimisation in high-temperature applications.
Experimental and Mechanistic Studies on the Tensile Sensitivity of a PDMS/MWCNT Nanocomposite and Its Application in Concrete Crack Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Yongquan , Guo Weimin , Song Chengzhe , Liu Xinliang , Yu Jinshan , Ge Yong
Published: February 2025

A polydimethylsilosane/multiwalled carbon nanotube (PDMS/MWCNT) nanocomposite, as a tensile-strain-sensing material, was manufactured using a simple solution casting method. The percolation threshold, the relationship between the temperature and resistance, the tensile sensitivity, and the mechanism of the tensile sensitivity of the PDMS/MWCNT nanocomposite were studied, along with its application in concrete crack monitoring. The results show that the PDMS/MWCNT nanocomposite demonstrated a significant percolation phenomenon. The resistance change ratio of the PDMS/MWCNT nanocomposite changed linearly with the environmental temperature, gradually decreasing with an increasing environmental temperature. The PDMS/MWCNT nanocomposite had a higher tensile sensitivity, and the sensing factor was 6.65 when the volume fraction of carbon nanotubes was 1.26 v/v% near the percolation threshold, and the sensing factor of the PDMS/MWCNT nanocomposite decreased with an increase in the volume fraction of carbon nanotubes. The relationship between the relative electrical conductivity of the PDMS/MWCNT nanocomposite and the tensile strain can be expressed as ln(σ/σ0) = Aε. In addition, the quantitative relationship between the electrical conductivity of the PDMS/MWCNT nanocomposite and the volume fraction of carbon nanotubes was obtained based on the tunneling effect theory and the effective medium model. PDMS/MWCNT nanocomposites can be used as a sensing material to monitor the propagation of concrete cracks under the impact of a free-falling ball.
Spectral Analysis of Lattice Schrödinger-Type Operators Associated with the Nonstationary Anderson Model and Intermittency
Authors: Han Dan , Molchanov Stanislav , Vainberg Boris
Published: February 2025

We investigate the nonstationary parabolic Anderson problem ∂u∂t=ϰLu(t,x)+ξt(x)u(t,x),u(0,x)≡1,(t,x)∈[0,∞)×Zd where ϰL denotes a nonlocal Laplacian and ξt(x) is a correlated white-noise potential. The irregularity of the solution is linked to the upper spectrum of certain multiparticle Schrödinger operators that govern the moment functions mp(t,x1,x2,⋯,xp)=⟨u(t,x1)u(t,x2)⋯u(t,xp)⟩. First, we establish a weak form of intermittency under broad assumptions on L and on a positive-definite noise correlator B=B(x). We then examine strong intermittency, which emerges from the existence of a positive eigenvalue in a related lattice Schrödinger-type operator with potential B. Here, B does not have to be positive definite but must satisfy ∑B(x)≥0. The presence of such an eigenvalue intensifies the growth properties of the second moment m2, revealing a more pronounced intermittent regime.
Effects of Core Stability Training on Deep Stabilizing Muscle Function and Neuromuscular Control
Authors: Lee Kyeongjin
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Pilates-based core stabilization training has garnered increasing attention for its potential to improve deep muscle activation and enhance spinal stability. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Pilates-based core stabilization training on deep stabilizing muscles using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI). Materials and Methods: A total of 57 healthy adults aged 20 to 29 years were recruited and randomly allocated to either an experimental group (n = 29) or a control group (n = 28). Participants in the experimental group engaged in Pilates-based core stabilization training three times per week for six weeks, while the control group performed aerobic exercises. The pre- and post-intervention assessments included measurements of muscle thickness, contraction timing, and contraction ratios of the transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) muscles, evaluated using RUSI. Results: The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in TrA and IO thickness (p < 0.05), contraction timing (p < 0.05), and contraction ratios (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. The EO muscle also showed significant, albeit less pronounced, enhancements in thickness and contraction ratios. Conclusions: Pilates-based core stabilization training significantly improves core muscle function, including muscle thickness, contraction timing, and contraction ratios. These findings support the inclusion of Pilates exercises in clinical protocols aimed at enhancing core stability.
Ask a Doctor a Question: A Clinician’s Message to the Industry
Authors: Andrijauskas Audrius , Andrijauskas Povilas , Jovaišienė Ieva , Valaika Arūnas , Jovaisa Tomas , Urbonas Karolis , Činčikas Darius , Svediene Saule , Scupakova Nadezda , Puodziukaite Lina , Budra Mindaugas , Kalinauskas Gintaras , Stankevičius Edgaras
Published: February 2025

The medical industry is an integral part of the delivery of healthcare. Collaboration between academic institutions, healthcare providers, and the industry are necessary but not devoid of flaws. This expert opinion article calls for closer attention to be paid by the medical industry to “what a frontline clinician needs” rather than relying solely on experts’ opinions and stake holders’ requests in planning future products and features. The need for the monitoring of tissue fluid accumulation is discussed from the point of view of practicing anaesthesiology and intensive care specialists in the context of the potential missed opportunity to have it be already available.
Understanding Medication Errors in Intensive Care Settings and Operating Rooms—A Systematic Review
Authors: Kwiecień-Jaguś Katarzyna , Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska Wioletta , Kopeć Monika
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: A medication error can occur at any stage of medication administration at the ward, from the moment the medication is prescribed through the preparation to the administration to the patient. The statistics indicate that the scale of the problem, which has a significant impact on the safety and health of patients, is still poorly known. The purpose of the systematic review was to synthesise the published research about the number of medication errors in operating room theatres and intensive care units. Materials and Methods: The literature review was conducted in the third quarter of 2023. The overview included papers found in Science Direct, EBSCO, PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and original research papers published in English meeting the PICOS criteria. Original articles published between 2017 and 2023 that meet the inclusion criteria were included for further analysis. Results: The review included 13 articles and original studies, which met the PICOS-based criteria. The analyses confirmed that the operating theatre’s medication error rate was 7.3% to 12%. In the case of intensive care units, the medication error rate was from 1.32 to 31.7%. Conclusions: Medication errors in the operating room and intensive care are high. However, the values presented herein do not differ from the general Medication Error Index for medical centres, as calculated by the World Health Organization.
Causes and Factors Affecting Cesarean Hysterectomy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mansouri Ghazal , Karami Robati Fatemeh , Dehghani Azam , Golnarges Faezeh , Salehiniya Hamid , Alkatout Ibrahim , Allahqoli Leila
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Cesarean hysterectomy is a critical intervention often required to manage life-threatening postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) due to complications such as uterine atony, abnormal placental implantation, or traumatic rupture. Although lifesaving, the procedure is associated with significant risks and complications. This study investigates the causes and outcomes of cesarean hysterectomy, focusing on complications arising from the procedure. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 82 women who underwent cesarean hysterectomy at Afzali Pour Hospital between 2018 and 2022. All patients were followed for 42 days post-surgery to evaluate outcomes and complications. Data were extracted from electronic medical records, encompassing demographic, obstetric, and clinical details, including age, body mass index, previous cesarean sections, indications for cesarean deliveries, causes of hysterectomy, and complications. The primary outcome was to determine the causes of cesarean hysterectomy, while the secondary outcome assessed the complications associated with the procedure. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify significant predictors of complications. Results: The study included 82 women who underwent cesarean hysterectomy. The mean age of the participants was 35.2 years (SD = 5.4), with a range from 24 to 48 years. The average BMI was 29.1 kg/m2 (SD = 4.3), with 45% of the women classified as overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25). The majority of the patients (70%) had a history of two or more previous cesarean sections, and the most common indication for cesarean hysterectomy was abnormal placentation, including placenta accreta (58%). Uterine rupture was reported in 13% of the cases. In terms of complications, bladder injury was the most common, occurring in 33.33% of women, followed by fever (20%), ureteral injury (13.33%), and hematoma (8.89%). Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that higher BMI significantly increased the odds of the outcome (OR = 4.18, 95% CI: 1.66–10.51, p = 0.002), and the number of previous cesarean sections was also a significant predictor (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.17–4.53, p = 0.016). Conclusions: Placenta accreta and previa were the most frequent causes of cesarean hysterectomy, with bladder injury and fever being the most common complications. A higher number of previous cesareans and higher BMI significantly increase the likelihood of complications. Understanding these risk factors can improve patient management and surgical outcomes, highlighting the importance of careful monitoring and preoperative planning in women with a history of cesarean deliveries.
Influence of Recoater Speed on Powder Bed and Part Quality in Powder Bed Fusion of Metals Using a Laser Beam
Authors: Hantke Nick , Brocksieper Tim Robert , Grimm Tobias , Sehrt Jan T.
Published: February 2025

The powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M) is an additive manufacturing process for the direct production of metal parts using powder as a starting material. The PBF-LB/M process consists of two main steps: the application of a new powder layer and the melting of the cross-sections of the parts in each layer. Laser exposure usually takes up a lot of time during a build process; however, the application of powder layers, also taking up a considerable amount of time, offers potential to shorten production times. In this work, a powder test rig that mimics the real flow conditions of a PBF-LB/M system is used to measure the quality of X3NiCoMoTi18-9-5 powder layers applied at different recoater speeds by determining the powder surface roughness. The same recoating settings are then used on a real PBF-LB/M system to produce samples and investigate their densities as a function of recoater speed. The results show that the recoater speed influences the surface of the applied powder bed and has an effect on the density of the manufactured samples. However, this influence decreases if only samples with a high relative density are considered.
Nitric Oxide-Mediated Regulation of Chitinase Activity and Cadmium Sequestration in the Response of Schizophyllum commune to Cadmium Stress
Authors: Li Dongxu , Chu Chen , Zhao Mengshi , Hou Suying , Ji Rong , Liu Changhong
Published: February 2025

Schizophyllum commune is an edible fungus with high medicinal value, but exposure to heavy-metal pollution poses significant health risks. Cadmium (Cd) toxicity inhibits fungal growth and leads to Cd accumulation in the mycelium. However, the regulatory mechanisms of Cd-induced growth inhibition and Cd accumulation remain poorly understood. Here, S. commune 20R-7-F01 was cultured in Cd-supplemented minimal medium (MM) to investigate the response of S. commune 20R-7-F01 to Cd exposure. We found that Cd exposure resulted in growth inhibition and a Cd-dependent increase in endogenous nitric oxide (NO) levels. NO production was primarily mediated by the nitrate reductase (NR) pathway. Cd-induced growth inhibition was alleviated by inhibiting NR activity or scavenging NO, highlighting the role of NO in stress responses. Furthermore, NO was found to enhance chitinase activity, thereby promoting Cd accumulation in the fungal cell wall and leading to growth inhibition. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which S. commune copes with Cd stress. This study highlights the potential of manipulating NO levels as a strategy to enhance fungal tolerance to heavy-metal pollution, providing a new avenue for managing environmental stresses in edible fungi and protecting human health.
Identification and Application of Favorable Lithofacies Associations in the Transitional Facies of the Permian Longtan Formation in Central and Southern Sichuan Basin
Authors: Wang Longyi , Li Xizhe , Chen Ya’na , Guo Wei , Pei Xiangyang , Luo Chao , Tian Chong , Zhang Jingyuan , Qi Nijun , He Weikang , Yu Wenxuan , Zhan Hongming
Published: February 2025

The transitional shale system of the Longtan Formation (LTF) is widely distributed in the Sichuan Basin. However, the lithofacies of the LTF shale system exhibit vertical variations, with frequent interbedding of blocks, and shale–sand–coal sequences, which makes identifying “sweet spots” a challenging task. To address this issue, lithofacies associations were investigated based on well log analysis from 30 wells, and experimental data from 19 well samples, including X-ray diffraction, total organic carbon (TOC), pore structure characterization, and methane isothermal adsorption tests. Four lithofacies associations were classified: carbon–shale interbedding (I-1), shale(carbon)–coal interbedding (I-2), shale–sand interbedding (II), and shale–sand–coal assemblage (III). A favorable lithofacies association index (Com) was developed, providing a quantitative method for identifying favorable lithofacies. The results indicate that among the four lithofacies associations, I-2 is the most favorable lithofacies association. The Com index threshold for favorable lithofacies is defined as 0.6, and for the most favorable lithofacies, it is 0.7. Overall, favorable lithofacies are primarily distributed in the Suining-Dazu and Lujiao areas.
Novel Depressant Based on Hybridization Theory for the Separation of Galena and Realgar: Experimental Study and Adsorption Mechanism
Authors: Zhao Zhiqiang , Gao Zehui , Sun Chuanyao , Zhang Yingheng , Liu Chongjun , Lu Tong , Zhu Yangge , Wu Guiye , Li Ruidong , Hu Jun
Published: February 2025

In lead concentrate cleaning, achieving efficient separation of galena from realgar—both significant naturally floatable minerals-relies critically on selective galena depression. This study introduces dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) as a novel organic depressant by leveraging its distinct carbon-sulfur hybridization compared to diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC). Quantum chemical analyses reveal that the sp3-hybridized sulfur in DMSA exhibits enhanced p-orbital reactivity, enabling stronger chemical adsorption on galena via Pb-S bonding. At pH 6.5, DMSA (4 mg/L) achieved optimal separation with a separation index of 11.88, outperforming DDTC (10 mg/L). FTIR/XPS confirmed DMSA’s chemisorption on galena, while theoretical calculations highlighted its superior Pb-S bond strength compared to DDTC. Notably, DMSA’s lower dosage and reduced environmental impact position it as a sustainable alternative to inorganic depressants. This work provides fundamental insights into sulfur orbital-driven adsorption mechanisms, advancing the rational design of eco-friendly flotation reagents.
Substrate Selectivities of GH78 α-L-Rhamnosidases from Human Gut Bacteria on Dietary Flavonoid Glycosides
Authors: Li Bin-Chun , Wu Bingbing , Hou Xueting , Ding Guo-Bin
Published: February 2025

α-L-rhamnosidases play a key role in the metabolism and biodegradation of dietary flavonoid glycosides. We have developed a novel microplate spectrophotometric method to rapidly evaluate the conversion rates and substrate selectivities of mesophilic α-L-rhamnosidases towards citrus flavanone diglycosides by combining with a high-active and thermophilic β-D-glucosidase based on UV-visible spectral differences between citrus flavanone diglycosides and the corresponding aglycones under alkaline conditions. Furthermore, catalytic activities and enzyme kinetics of four α-L-rhamnosidases from human gut bacteria on various dietary flavonoid glycosides with different glycosidic bonds from various subclasses have been explored by HPLC. The α-L-rhamnosidase BtRha78A specifically removed the rhamnose group from the flavones, flavanones and flavonols diglycosides with the α-1,6 glycosidic bonds. Moreover, BtRha78A displayed higher catalytic activities on the rutinose group at 7-OH of the aglycones than at 3-OH. HFM-RhaA preferred to catalyze the flavones, flavanones and dihydrochalcones diglycosides with the α-1,2 glycosidic linkages at the 7-OH. However, this enzyme also showed high catalytic activity on the flavonol diglycoside rutin with the α-1,6 glycosidic bonds at the 3-OH. HFM-RhaC exhibited certain hydrolytic abilities towards all flavonoid diglycosides, and displayed higher activities on the flavonoid diglycosides with the α-1,6 glycosidic bonds. HFM-Rha78 weakly hydrolyzed the flavones, flavanones and dihydrochalcones diglycosides with the α-1,2 glycosidic bonds, and the flavonols diglycosides with α-1,6 glycosidic bonds. All four α-L-rhamnosidases from human gut bacteria did not exhibit catalytic activity towards the flavonoid glycosides with the α-1 glycosidic bonds. It was revealed that the α-L-rhamnosidases from human gut bacteria possessed diverse substrate selectivity on dietary flavonoid diglycosides. The structural basis for the specificity of BtRha78A on the flavonoid diglycosides with α-1,6 glycosidic bonds and the preference of HFM-RhaA on the flavonoid diglycosides with α-1,2 glycosidic bonds have been analyzed by molecular docking.
Green Fabrication of Zinc-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks@Bacterial Cellulose Aerogels via In Situ Mineralization for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Liu Xinru , Gu Jie , Cao Yongqi , Tan Liping , Liu Tongjun
Published: February 2025

Compared to conventional adsorbents, zinc-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) such as zeolite imidazolium skeleton-8 (ZIF-8) exhibit enhanced thermal, chemical, and structural stability. Nonetheless, their powdered form results in limited dispersibility in aqueous solutions and a tendency to aggregate, which significantly restricts their utility in adsorption applications. This study reports a green composite aerogel through the in situ mineralization of ZIF-8 onto bacterial cellulose (BC) for the effective removal of toxic metal ions (Cu2+) and Congo red (CR) from wastewater. The ZIF@BC composite aerogel was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and specific surface area analysis. The findings indicated that the ZIF-8 produced were evenly distributed across the BC nanonetwork, facilitating effective adsorption of CR and Cu2+. The maximum adsorption capacities of the ZIF@BC aerogels were determined to be 397.55 mg/g for CR and 424.80 mg/g for Cu2+, as per the Langmuir isotherm. Furthermore, the ZIF-8@BC aerogels demonstrated excellent selectivity and reusability, particularly for CR adsorption. The proposed mechanism for the interaction between the composite aerogel and CR and Cu2+ involves electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π-π bonding, coordination bonding, ion exchange, microchemical precipitation, and pore diffusion. This research offers significant promise for the utilization of MOF powders and highlights substantial industrial potential.
Carbon Dioxide Selectivity over Ethane in Promising Bis Tri (Fluoromethylsulfonyl) Imide-Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Quaye Eric , Henni Amr , Shirif Ezeddin
Published: February 2025

This research addresses the critical challenge of CO2 capture by exploring innovative ways to avoid ethane (C2H6) co-absorption in natural gas sweetening operations. The solubility of Ethane (C2H6) was measured in three ionic liquids (ILs) with similar anions, 1-decyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis (trifluoro methylsulfonyl imide) [IL-1], 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoro methylsulfonyl imide) [IL-2], and triethytetra-decyl ammonium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl imide) [IL-3]. The solubility experiments were investigated at 303.15 K and 343.15 K with pressures reaching 1.2 MPa. Among the ILs, [IL-2] exhibited the highest ethane absorption capacity due to its extended alkyl chain. The Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EoS) and three (3) distinct mixing rules provided robust correlations for the solubility data. Results demonstrate the inferior performance of [IL-1], [IL-2], and [IL-3] compared to Selexol/Genosorb 1753. The selectivity of Ethane (C2H6) over CO2 was determined, with the overall selectivity ranking as follows: [IL-1] > [IL-3] > [IL-2]. A comparison of these selectivity values with published IL data indicated that these three ILs are most effective when used in applications targeting CO2 capture in the absence of Ethane (C2H6), such as in the case of flue gas. They will most probably be used with an amine blend. Additionally, the Enthalpy and entropy of absorption provided valuable insights, demonstrating Ethane’s weaker interactions and lower solubility than CO2. These findings emphasize the critical role of IL structure in determining ethane solubility and highlight the potential of customized ILs for optimizing gas-separation processes.
Effectiveness of Early Mobilization and Bed Positioning in the Management of Muscle Weakness in Critically Ill People Under Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Intensive Care: A Systematic Review of Intervention Literature Protocol
Authors: Bento Inês , Ferreira Bruno , Baixinho Cristina Lavareda , Henriques Maria Adriana
Published: February 2025

Background: Post Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) is a set of physical, cognitive, and mental health symptoms that arise following intensive care (ICU) hospitalization. Regarding physical changes, muscle weakness is highlighted, potentially leading to functional impairments during and after hospitalization. Multidisciplinary guidelines recommend early mobilization, a rehabilitation intervention, as a strategy to prevent ICU-acquired muscle weakness and reduce functionality impairments. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of early mobilization and positioning interventions to prevent or minimize ICU-acquired weakness in critically ill patients under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Methods: A systematic review of effectiveness will be conducted following Cochrane recommendations. Searches will be made in MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible studies will include randomized controlled trials on the functional management of muscle weakness, muscle strength, and ICU-acquired muscle weakness in adults (≥18 years) who have undergone IMV. Eligible interventions (and comparators) include any manual mobilization and positioning strategy or the use of medical devices. Two reviewers will independently select studies, extract data using a piloted tool and assess bias with the RoB 2 tool. If appropriate, a meta-analysis will be conducted, pooling standardized mean differences using a random-effects model. Results: This review included primary experimental studies manipulating at least one variable, control group studies, or randomized trials comparing early intervention protocols, programs, or plans with standard care or existing approaches in the ICU. Conclusions: This review will provide meaningful comparisons of different mobilization and positioning strategies, evaluating their impact on muscle strength and functionality in critically ill patients. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD4202348091.
Clinical Progress of Fruquintinib in Colorectal Cancer: An Overview
Authors: Xie Yejie , Tang Shu , Qin Ziheng , Yang Chaogang
Published: February 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Conventional treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have limited effects on advanced and metastatic CRC (mCRC). Fruquintinib, a novel and highly selective vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor, has shown significant efficacy and tolerance in treating mCRC. The FRESCO and FRESCO-2 trials demonstrated that fruquintinib significantly prolongs progression-free survival and the overall survival of refractory mCRC patients, establishing it as the standard third-line treatment strategy for mCRC. In addition, the combination of fruquintinib with other anticancer drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrated potential for enhanced efficacy, which warrants further exploration. In this review, we aimed to systematically summarize the current knowledge about the pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetic characteristics, adverse events, and corresponding treatment options of fruquintinib and provide an update on the clinical trials related to fruquintinib in CRC by conducting a comprehensive literature search of PubMed and consulting the relevant clinical trials via ClinicalTrials.gov and the ChiCTR website, aiming to offer new insights into the role of fruquintinib in the comprehensive treatment of CRC.
Hydrogen-Releasing Micromaterial Dressings: Promoting Wound Healing by Modulating Extracellular Matrix Accumulation Through Wnt/β-Catenin and TGF-β/Smad Pathways
Authors: Zhao Pengxiang , Li Yufei , Guo Boyuan , Liu Ziyi , Zhang Xujuan , Liu Mengyu , Ma Xuemei
Published: February 2025

Background: Wound healing is a complex and intricate biological process that involves multiple systems within the body and initiates a series of highly coordinated responses to repair damage and restore integrity and functionality. We previously identified that breathing hydrogen can significantly inhibit early inflammation, activate autologous stem cells, and promote the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the broader functions and downstream targets of hydrogen-induced ECM accumulation and tissue remodeling are unknown in the wound-healing process. Methods: Consequently, this thesis developed a hydrogen sustained-release dressing based on a micro storage material and reveals the mechanism of hydrogen in treating wound healing. Upon encapsulating the hydrogen storage materials, magnesium (Mg), and ammonia borane (AB), we found that SiO2@Mg exhibits superior sustained-release performance, while SiO2@AB demonstrates a higher hydrogen storage capacity. We used a C57/BL6 mouse full-thickness skin defect wound model to analyze and compare different hydrogen dressings. Results: It was identified that hydrogen dressings can significantly improve the healing rate of wounds by promoting epithelialization, angiogenesis, and collagen accumulation in wound tissue, and that the effect of slow-release dressings is better than of non-slow-release dressings. We also found that hydrogen dressing can promote transcriptome-level expression related to cell proliferation and differentiation and ECM accumulation, mainly through the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway and TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway. Conclusions: Overall, these results provide a novel insight into the field of hydrogen treatment and wound healing.
Trojan Horse Delivery Strategies of Natural Medicine Monomers: Challenges and Limitations in Improving Brain Targeting
Authors: Lei Kelu , Zhou Lanyu , Dan Min , Yang Fei , Jian Tiantian , Xin Juan , Yu Zhigang , Wang Yue
Published: February 2025

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as brain tumors, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease, significantly impact patients’ quality of life and impose substantial economic burdens on society. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) limits the effective delivery of most therapeutic drugs, especially natural products, despite their potential therapeutic effects. The Trojan Horse strategy, using nanotechnology to disguise drugs as “cargo”, enables them to bypass the BBB, enhancing targeting and therapeutic efficacy. This review explores the applications of natural products in the treatment of CNS diseases, discusses the challenges posed by the BBB, and analyzes the advantages and limitations of the Trojan Horse strategy. Despite the existing technical challenges, future research is expected to enhance the application of natural drugs in CNS treatment by integrating nanotechnology, improving delivery mechanisms, and optimizing targeting characteristics.
CBSNet: An Effective Method for Potato Leaf Disease Classification
Authors: Chen Yongdong , Liu Wenfu
Published: February 2025

As potato is an important crop, potato disease detection and classification are of key significance in guaranteeing food security and enhancing agricultural production efficiency. Aiming at the problems of tiny spots, blurred disease edges, and susceptibility to noise interference during image acquisition and transmission in potato leaf diseases, we propose a CBSNet-based potato disease recognition method. Firstly, a convolution module called Channel Reconstruction Multi-Scale Convolution (CRMC) is designed to extract the upper and lower features by separating the channel features and applying a more optimized convolution to the upper and lower features, followed by a multi-scale convolution operation to capture the key changes more effectively. Secondly, a new attention mechanism, Spatial Triple Attention (STA), is developed, which first reconstructs the spatial dimensions of the input feature maps, then inputs the reconstructed three types of features into each of the three branches and carries out targeted processing according to the importance of the features, thereby improving the model performance. In addition, the Bat–Lion Algorithm (BLA) is introduced, which combines the Lion algorithm and the bat optimization algorithm and makes the optimization process more adaptive by using the bat algorithm to adjust the gradient direction during the updating process of the Lion algorithm. The BLA not only boosts the model’s ability to recognize potato disease features but also ensures training stability and enhances the model’s robustness in handling noisy images. Experimental results showed that CBSNet achieved an average Accuracy of 92.04% and a Precision of 91.58% on the self-built dataset. It effectively extracts subtle spots and blurry edges of potato leaf diseases, providing strong technical support for disease prevention and control in large-scale potato farming.