bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Near Vision After Monofocal Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Lim Dong Hui , Han Jong Chul , Kim Myung Hun , Chung Eui-Sang , Chung Tae-Young
Published: February 2013

PURPOSE:

To identify factors that influence near vision after monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for distance vision.

METHODS:

A retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent cataract surgery with monofocal IOL implantation from October 2009 to April 2010 at Samsung Medical Center. Eyes were classified as having good (⩾ J4) or poor (< J4) near vision. Factors analyzed included age, sex, intraocular lens (IOL) movement, axial length, pupil size, degree and type of astigmatism, IOL type, total aberration, and higher-order aberrations. Binary logistic regression and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were determined.

RESULTS:

This retrospective study involved 84 eyes of 84 patients. Thirty-four eyes were classified as having good near vision and 50 eyes as having poor near vision. All groups had a postoperative uncorrected visual acuity greater than 0.2 logMAR (Snellen 20/32) and a refractive error within ± 0.5 diopter of spherical equivalent. Pupil size and axial length were inversely associated with good near vision (
P
= .034 and .039, respectively). A pupil size smaller than 2.6 mm and an axial length less than 23.0 mm resulted in better near vision than larger measurements after monofocal IOL implantation for distant target.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among the factors analyzed, small pupil size and short axial length predicted good near vision after phacoemulsification and monofocal IOL implantation.
Larval stages of crustacean species of interest for conservation and fishing exploitation in the western Mediterranean
Authors: Torres Asvin P. , Dos Santos Antonina , Alemany Francisco , Massutí Enric
Published: February 2013

Decapod crustaceans are the main target species of deep water bottom trawl fisheries in the western Mediterranean. Despite their importance for fisheries and conservation, little is known about their larval development, especially in the case of deep water species. In this paper we present new information on the occurrence and morphology of larval stages for some species of commercial interest based on samples collected off the Balearic Islands. Mesozooplankton sampling was carried out using depth-stratified sampling devices at two stations located on the continental shelf break and middle slope, in the northwest and south of Mallorca in late autumn 2009 and summer 2010. We describe in detail the second mysis stage of the red shrimp Aristeus antennatus, not previously known, and the first larval stage of the slipper lobster Scyllarides latus, poorly described almost a hundred years ago. We also report the second finding of larvae of the spider crab Maja squinado and the first capture from the field of larval stages of the rose shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris and slipper lobster in the Mediterranean.
CaMKIα Regulates AMP Kinase–Dependent, TORC-1–Independent Autophagy during Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Neutrophilic Inflammation
Authors: Guo Lanping , Stripay Jennifer L. , Zhang Xianghong , Collage Richard D. , Hulver Mei , Carchman Evie H. , Howell Gina M. , Zuckerbraun Brian S. , Lee Janet S. , Rosengart Matthew R.
Published: February 2013

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cytoplasmic process regulated by the energy rheostats mammalian target of rapamycin and AMP kinase (AMPK) that recycles damaged or unused proteins and organelles. It has been described as an important effector arm of immune cells. We have shown that the cytoplasmically oriented calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)Iα regulates the inflammatory phenotype of the macrophage (Mϕ). In this study, we hypothesize that CaMKIα mediates Mϕ autophagy. LPS induced autophagy in RAW 264.7 cells and murine peritoneal Mϕ that was attenuated with biochemical CaMK inhibition or CaMKIα small interfering RNA (siRNA). Inhibition of CaMKIα reduced LPS-induced p-Thr172AMPK and target of rapamycin complex-1 activity, and expression of a constitutively active CaMKIα but not a kinase-deficient mutant induced p-Thr172AMPK and autophagy that was attenuated by the AMPK inhibitor compound C. Coimmunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that CaMKIα activates AMPK, thereby inducing ATG7, which also localizes to this CaMKIα/AMPK complex. During LPS-induced lung inflammation, C57BL/6 mice receiving CaMKIαsiRNA displayed reduced lung and bronchoalveolar immune cell autophagy that correlated with reduced neutrophil recruitment, myeloperoxidase activity, and air space cytokine concentration. Independently inhibiting autophagy, using siRNA targeting the PI3K VPS34, yielded similar reductions in lung autophagy and neutrophil recruitment. Thus, a novel CaMKIα/AMPK pathway is rapidly activated in Mϕ exposed to LPS and regulates an early autophagic response, independent of target of rapamycin complex-1 inhibition. These mechanisms appear to be operant in vivo in orchestrating LPS-induced lung neutrophil recruitment and inflammation.
Shear Stress–Dependent Downregulation of the Adhesion-G Protein–Coupled Receptor CD97 on Circulating Leukocytes upon Contact with Its Ligand CD55
Authors: Karpus Olga N. , Veninga Henrike , Hoek Robert M. , Flierman Dennis , van Buul Jaap D. , vandenAkker Corianne C. , vanBavel Ed , Medof M. Edward , van Lier René A. W. , Reedquist Kris A. , Hamann Jörg
Published: February 2013

Adhesion G protein–coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are two-subunit molecules, consisting of an adhesive extracellular α subunit that couples noncovalently to a seven-transmembrane β subunit. The cooperation between the two subunits and the effect of endogenous ligands on the functioning of aGPCRs is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the interaction between the pan-leukocyte aGPCR CD97 and its ligand CD55. We found that leukocytes from CD55-deficient mice express significantly increased levels of cell surface CD97 that normalized after transfer into wild-type mice because of contact with CD55 on both leukocytes and stromal cells. Downregulation of both CD97 subunits occurred within minutes after first contact with CD55 in vivo, which correlated with an increase in plasma levels of soluble CD97. In vitro, downregulation of CD97 on CD55-deficient leukocytes cocultured with wild-type blood cells was strictly dependent on shear stress. In vivo, CD55-mediated downregulation of CD97 required an intact circulation and was not observed on cells that lack contact with the blood stream, such as microglia. Notably, de novo ligation of CD97 did not activate signaling molecules constitutively engaged by CD97 in cancer cells, such as ERK and protein kinase B/Akt. We conclude that CD55 downregulates CD97 surface expression on circulating leukocytes by a process that requires physical forces, but based on current evidence does not induce receptor signaling. This regulation can restrict CD97–CD55-mediated cell adhesion to tissue sites.
Cutting Edge: Leptin-Induced RORγt Expression in CD4+ T Cells Promotes Th17 Responses in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Yu Yiyun , Liu Yaoyang , Shi Fu-Dong , Zou Hejian , Matarese Giuseppe , La Cava Antonio
Published: February 2013

Th17 CD4+ cells promote inflammation and autoimmunity. In this study, we report that Th17 cell frequency is reduced in ob/ob mice (that are genetically deficient in the adipokine leptin) and that the administration of leptin to ob/ob mice restored Th17 cell numbers to values comparable to those found in wild-type animals. Leptin promoted Th17 responses in normal human CD4+ T cells and in mice, both in vitro and in vivo, by inducing RORγt transcription. Leptin also increased Th17 responses in (NZB × NZW)F1 lupus-prone mice, whereas its neutralization in those autoimmune-prone mice inhibited Th17 responses. Because Th17 cells play an important role in the development and maintenance of inflammation and autoimmunity, these findings envision the possibility to modulate abnormal Th17 responses via leptin manipulation, and they reiterate the link between metabolism/nutrition and susceptibility to autoimmunity.
Retrieval of aerosol optical depth over land surfaces from AVHRR data
Authors: Mei L. , Xue Y. , Kokhanovsky A. A. , von Hoyningen-Huene W. , de Leeuw G. , Burrows J. P.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) radiance data provide a global, long-term, consistent time series having high spectral and spatial resolution and thus being valuable for the retrieval of surface spectral reflectance, albedo and surface temperature. Long term time series of such data products are necessary for studies addressing climate change, sea ice distribution and movement, and ice sheet coastal configuration. These data have also been used to retrieve aerosol properties over ocean and land surfaces. However, the retrieval of aerosol over land and land surface albedo are challenging because of the information content of the measurement is limited and the inversion of these data products being ill defined. Solving the radiative transfer equations requires additional information and knowledge to reduce the number of unknowns. In this contribution we utilise an empirical linear relationship between the surface reflectances in the AVHRR channels at wavelengths of 3.75 μm and 2.1 μm, which has been identified in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Next, following the MODIS dark target approach, the surface reflectance at 0.64 μm was obtained. The comparison of the estimated surface reflectance at 0.64 μm with MODIS reflectance products (MOD09) shows a strong correlation (R = 0.7835). Once this was established, the MODIS "dark-target" aerosol retrieval method was adapted to Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. A simplified Look-Up Table (LUT) method, adopted from Bremen AErosol Retrieval (BAER) algorithm, was used in the retrieval. The Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) values retrieved from AVHRR with this method compare favourably with ground-based measurements, with a correlation coefficient R = 0.861 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 0.17. This method can be easily applied to other satellite instruments which do not have a 2.1 μm channel, such as those currently planned to geostationary satellites.
Rock magnetic properties, magnetic susceptibility, and organic geochemistry comparison in core LZ1029-7 Lake El'gygytgyn, Russia Far East
Authors: Murdock K. J. , Wilkie K. , Brown L. L.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Susceptibility measurements performed on initial short (~ 16 m) cores PG1351 taken from Lake El'gygytgyn exhibited a large range in values. This observation led to the suggestion of widespread magnetite dissolution within the sediments due to anoxic conditions within the lake. Rock magnetic properties and their comparison with magnetic susceptibility, total organic carbon (TOC), and bulk δ13Corg proxies in core LZ1029-7, taken from the same site as the previously drilled PG1351, provide an insight into the character of the magnetic minerals present within the lake and can further the understanding of processes that may be present in the newer long core sediments. Susceptibility measurements (χ) of discrete samples corroborate the two order of magnitude difference seen in previous continuous susceptibility measurements (κ), correlating high values with interglacial periods and low values with glacial intervals. Hysteresis parameters indicate that the majority of the magnetic material to be magnetite of PSD size. TOC values increase while δ13Corg values decrease in one section of LZ1029-7, which is defined as the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and help confine the age of the core to approximately 62 ka. Increases in TOC during the most recent glacial interval suggest increased preservation of organic carbon during this period. High TOC and low magnetic susceptibility during the LGM support the theory of perennial ice cover during glacial periods, which would lead to lake stratification and therefore anoxic bottom water conditions. Low temperature magnetic measurements confirmed the presence of magnetite, but also indicated titanomagnetite and possibly siderite, rhodochrosite, and/or vivianite were present. The latter three minerals are found only in anoxic environments, and further support the notion of magnetite dissolution.
A global analysis of the impact of drought on net primary productivity
Authors: Chen T. , van der Werf G. R. , de Jeu R. A. M. , Wang G. , Dolman A. J.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. We investigated the impact of drought on interannual variability of NPP from 1997 to 2009 using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) drought index and satellite-derived vegetation greenness converted net primary productivity (NPP). We found that SPEI and NPP were coupled and in phase on a global scale. We then used the Köppen climate classification to study the SPEI-NPP relations regionally and found that while NPP and SPEI were positively related in arid and in seasonal dry regions, the opposite occurs in most boreal regions. However, high intensity drought events, such as the 2003 drought in Europe, will lead to a reduction of NPP despite NPP being usually limited by temperature and radiation here. Our findings suggest that the strong positive relation between global average moisture availability and NPP is a composite of the positive relation across dry regions and the coherent NPP decline during and after intensive drought event in humid regions. The spatial patterns of drought impact on NPP could thus be categorized by climate classification, which implies that the predication of climate zone evaluation will contribute to the quantification of the future terrestrial carbon cycle.
Antiviral Therapy of Symptomatic HCV-mixed Cryoglobulinemia after Liver Transplant: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Donato Maria Francesca , Banfi Giovanni , Cresseri Donata , Fogazzi G. Battista , Martin Paul , Messa Piergiorgio , Fabrizi Fabrizio
Published: February 2013

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may be associated with extra-hepatic illness including mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). Consistent evidence exists on HCV-MC in the non-transplantation setting but information on HCV-related cryoglobulinemia after solid organ transplantation is limited, particularly after liver transplantation (LT). We report on a 48-year-old man who developed HCV-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis with recurrent hepatitis after liver transplant. One year after transplant for HCV-positive cirrhosis, he presented severe cutaneous manifestations, and biopsy-proven cryoglobulinemic membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). HCV RNA clearance occurred within a few weeks of antiviral therapy; sustained viral response (SVR) was obtained by one year of anti-HCV combination therapy (eight months of pegylated IFN/ribavirin and four months of standard IFN/ribavirin). SVR was linked to complete remission of skin, liver, and kidney abnormalities. Tolerance to the pegylated IFN/ribavirin regimen was not excellent due to the occurrence of lobar pneumonia with anemia; thus, peg-IFN was replaced by recombinant IFN, with a favorable outcome. Clinical and viral remission persisted over a 48-month follow-up. HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia flareups following LT were successfully managed with combined antiviral therapy. HCV-related MC is uncommon in developed countries and this clearly hampers randomized controlled clinical trials aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of anti-HCV therapy after solid organ transplantation or in the non-transplantation setting.
Examination of the Relationship of Dairy Product Consumption and Dietary Calcium with Body Mass Index Percentile in Children
Authors: Gunther Carolyn W , Branscum Paul , Kennel Julie , Klein Elizabeth G , Monnat Laura E , Kaye Gail
Published: February 2013

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships of dairy product and calcium intake with BMI percentile in children.
Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, the relationships of dairy product (cup equivalents/day) and dietary calcium (mg/day) (measured by 24 hour recall) consumption with BMI percentile [derived from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sex-specific BMI-for-age growth charts] were assessed in 101 healthy U.S. children (ages 8-13).
Results: Subject characteristics included (mean + SD): dairy product consumption (2.8 + 1.4 cup equivalents/day), dietary calcium (1039.4 + 431.4 mg/day), and BMI percentile (70.1 + 29.7). Dairy product intake and dietary calcium were inversely related to BMI percentile (p= 0.005). In subjects <85th BMI percentile (n= 50 normal weight and n= 3 underweight), there was an inverse association of dairy product intake with BMI percentile (p= 0.001) and calcium intake with BMI percentile (p< 0.001). However, no association of dairy product consumption or calcium intake with BMI percentile was observed in overweight (85th percentile ≤ BMI < 95th percentile, n= 19) or obese subjects (BMI > 95th percentile, n= 29). Removal of underweight subjects from the analysis only minimally impacted the results. Differences in dietary intake (MyPyramid food groups, calories, macronutrients, micronutrients) among normal, overweight, and obese subgroups were examined. No significant differences were detected between groups, and removing underweight subjects did not change the findings.
Conclusions: These results provide the basis for further investigation into a potential role of dairy and calcium in achieving a healthy body weight in children.
A Pilot, Community-Based Interventional Study in a Local Convenience Store to Improve Dietary Outcomes in Children
Authors: Foster Byron A. , Reznik Marina
Published: February 2013

Introduction: One contributor to the epidemic of obesity is an unhealthful food environment. This study was designed to assess the feasibility of a community-level intervention in a convenience store on improving the food environment.
Methods: This community-based interventional study took place in an urban, low-income, ethnic-minority neighborhood. Children who reported visiting either the intervention store or another neighborhood control store were enrolled. The healthfulness of store offerings was measured, and a diet survey was completed by subjects from both intervention and control stores.
Results: At the nine-month follow-up, the intervention store promoted and advertised more healthful items than the community-control store. There was a trend toward increased fruit and vegetable consumption and lower sugar-sweetened soda consumption among the intervention store subjects but not in the control subjects.
Conclusions: Improving the food environment is feasible via a community-based intervention utilizing the influence of a community health center.
Breastfeeding and Beyond
Authors: Sansone Antonella
Published: February 2013

This paper draws on the last chapter of my forthcoming book Window to The Womb. How Prenatal Life Shapes a Baby’s Development, which is an unprecedented dialogue between scientific research and maternal subjective experience. It highly acknowledges the supreme importance of the woman’s healthy nutrition and emotional nurturing to create an optimal womb environment and transmit a positive attitude to nutrition – and to life in general – to the child. In particular, breastfeeding may reinforce this attitude and allow for the baby’s smooth transition from the flavours of the amniotic fluid, introduced by the mother’s healthy food, to those present in the breast milk, which the baby recognises as familiar. Therefore, the benefits of breastfeeding are not limited to its nutrients but extend to the reassuring experience of continuity from the womb life, building the foundations of the baby’s emotional security.
Pointyng Correction in Phase Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Non Polar Gases and Brines: A Review
Authors: Reyes José  Martínez , Jaramillo Melitón Estrada , Romero Iván Vera , Soriano Agustina Ortiz
Published: February 2013

Abstract: The development of an equation for Poynting correction, is of paramount importance in the field of modeling and interpretation of phase equilibrium thermodynamics in a wide range of temperatures and pressures /densities for practical applications in chemistry, physical chemistry, geochemistry and industrial technology. The unique previous existing equation for Poynting correction is a simple expression, represented by a product of a constant volume by a pressure difference between wich the correction is applied. [1] proposed an equation based on a semitheoretical expression for the partial molar volume at infinite dilution of volatile aqueous non-electrolyte solute (ν20) that considers as variables the density and isothermal compressibility of the solvent, as well as the second cross solvent-solute virial coefficient (β12) and the second virial coefficient of pure solvent (β11). The mathematical equation is applicable to solutes whose β12 is known or can be estimated, in a temperature range of 273.16 K to 647 K, values of pressure up to 2 kbar and brines with ionic strength equal to 6 m NaCl. The expression provides excellent correlation with experimental data as shown for the H2S-H2O-NaCl system (with maximum deviation of 7%), through a thermodynamic model that uses this formula proposal coupled with the Law of Henry and the Soave- Redlich-Kwong equation of state for modeling the liquid-vapor phase equilibria.
Chiral NCN Pincer Rhodium(III) Complexes with Bis(imidazolinyl)phenyl Ligands: Synthesis and Enantioselective Catalytic Alkynylation of Trifluoropyruvates with Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Wang Tao , Niu Jun‐Long , Liu Shuang‐Liang , Huang Juan‐Juan , Gong Jun‐Fang , Song Mao‐Ping
Published: February 2013

A series of new chiral C2‐symmetrical NCN pincer rhodium(III) complexes with bis(imidazolinyl)phenyl ligands have been conveniently synthesized from easily available materials. The complexes were subsequently applied in the enantioselective addition of terminal alkynes to trifluoropyruvates. With catalyst loading of 1.5–3.0 mol%, the alkynylation of ethyl or methyl trifluoropyruvate with a variety of electronically and structurally diverse terminal alkynes gave the optically active trifluoromethyl‐substituted tertiary propargylic alcohols with enantioselectivities of up to >99% ee and high yields. Although good to excellent enantioselectivities (85–98% ee) could be achieved only for some of the aliphatic terminal alkynes under the optimized conditions, the enantioselectivities were consistently excellent (94% to >99% ee) in the case of aromatic as well as heteroaromatic alkynes and enynes.
A Phosphite‐Pyridine/Iridium Complex Library as Highly Selective Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Minimally Functionalized Olefins
Authors: Mazuela Javier , Pàmies Oscar , Diéguez Montserrat
Published: February 2013

A modular library of readily available phosphite‐pyridine ligands has been successfully applied for the first time in the iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of a broad range of minimally functionalized olefins. The modular ligand design has been shown to be crucial in finding highly selective catalytic systems for each substrate. Excellent enantioselectivities (ees up to 99%) have therefore been obtained in a wide range of E‐ and Z‐trisubstituted alkenes, including more demanding triaryl‐substituted olefins and dihydronaphthalenes. This good performance extends to the very challenging class of terminal disubstituted olefins, and to olefins containing neighbouring polar groups (ees up to 99%). Both enantiomers of the reduction product can be obtained in excellent enantioselectivities by simply changing the configuration of the carbon next to the phosphite moiety. The hydrogenations were also performed using propylene carbonate as solvent, which allowed the iridium catalyst to be reused and maintained the excellent enantioselectivities.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of 1,ω‐Bis(1,2,3,5‐thiatriazol‐5‐yl)alkanes as In Vitro and In Vivo α‐Amylase and Lipase Inhibitors
Authors: Hamzaoui Salwa , Hamden Khaled , Ben Salem Adel , Mourer Maxime , Regnouf‐De‐Vains Jean‐Bernard , Kossentini Mohamed
Published: February 2013

Thionyl chloride reacts with 1,ω‐bis‐(1‐tosylamidrazone)alkanes 1 to give a series of 1,ω‐bis‐(4‐alkyl‐2‐tosyl‐1,2,3,5‐thiatriazol‐5‐yl)alkanes 2. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis, and ESI–MS spectral data. All the new compounds were screened for their inhibitory effect on key enzymes related to diabetes and obesity, such as α‐amylase and lipase. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that these thiatriazole derivatives exert an inhibitory action against these key enzymes. Moreover the administration of these compounds to surviving diabetic rats induced a significant decrease in plasma glucose level. Additively 2d significantly protected the liver–kidney functions and modulated lipid metabolism, which were evidenced by the decrease in aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activities and creatinine, urea albumin, LDL‐cholesterol and triglycerides levels as well as an increase in the HDL‐cholesterol level in surviving diabetic rats. Overall, the findings of the current study indicate that 2d exhibits attractive properties and can, therefore, be considered for future application in the development of anti‐diabetic and hypolipidemic drugs.
Erdheim‐Chester disease with prominent pericardial effusion
Authors: Alexiev Borislav A. , Staats Paul N.
Published: February 2013

Erdheim‐Chester disease (ECD) is a rare, non‐Langerhans form of histiocytosis of unknown origin with distinct clinicopathologic and radiographic features. Reports detailing the cytology of ECD are rare. We describe a case of ECD with pericardial effusion. Cytologic examination revealed a hypercellular specimen composed of clusters and singly dispersed foamy macrophages with round nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli, admixed with lymphocytes, eosinophils, and Touton‐type multinucleated giant cells. Immunostains for CD68 were strongly positive in the foamy macrophages while S100 and CD1a were negative. The presence of foamy histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes and eosinophils are also features of other systemic histiocytic disorders, including Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Rosai‐Dorfman disease (RDD) and sarcoidosis. To the best of out knowledge, this is the first report describing the cytological features of ECD in a pericardial effusion. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:530–534. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Allyl‐End‐Grafted Carbosilane Dendrimers Based on 1,4‐Phenylene Units: Synthesis, Reactivity, Structure, and Bonding Motifs
Authors: Ishtaiwi Zakariyya , Rüffer Tobias , Hildebrandt Alexander , Awwadi Firas F. , Hahn Harald , Abylaikhan Akerke , Taher Deeb , Siegert Uwe , Walfort Bernhard , Lang Heinrich
Published: February 2013

The synthesis of a series of carbosilanes of type 1‐Br–C6H4–4‐SiMe3–n(CH2CH=CH2)n (n = 1, 2, 3), Si[C6H4–4‐SiMe3–n(CH2CH=CH2)n]4, 1‐Br–C6H4‐4‐Si[C6H4–4‐SiMe3–n(CH2CH=CH2)n]3 (n = 0, 1, 2, 3), ClSi[C6H4–4‐Si{C6H4–4‐SiMe3–n(CH2CH=CH2)n}3]3, Si[C6H4–4‐Si{C6H4–4‐SiMe3–n(CH2CH=CH2)n}3]4 (n = 1, 2), and 1‐Br–C6H4–4‐Si[C6H4–4‐Si{C6H4–4‐SiMe3–n(CH2CH=CH2)n}3]3 (n = 0, 1, 2, 3) is discussed. The structures of Si[C6H4–4‐SiMe2(CH2CH=CH2)]4 (7b) and ClSi[C6H4–4‐Si{C6H4–4‐SiMe2(CH2CH=CH2)}3]3 (10a) in the solid state are reported. The crystal structures of both dendrimers are based on C–H···πCC (πCC = double bond of the CH=CH2 groups) and π–π interactions. The 3D network structure observed for 7b is composed of three crystallographically independent head‐to‐head stacking columns along the crystallographic b axis with π–π contacts among the C6H4 groups of neighboring molecules, with the columns interacting further by C–H···πCC arrangements. Two molecules of 10a interdigitate in the solid state to form self‐complementary dimers that are stabilized by C–H···πCC and π–π contacts. The structures of the monomer and the dimer were optimized by using the MM+ force field as implemented in HyperChem 4.02. In addition, the presence of self‐complementary structures in solution is evidenced from 1H NMR spectroscopy. In dichloromethane solely dimeric species exist, whereas in benzene monomers are observed. Calculated electrostatic potentials were used to rationalize the supramolecular structures of these two carbosilane compounds.
2‐Aminoimidazolyl and 2‐Aminopyridyl (S)‐Prolinamides as Versatile Multifunctional Organic Catalysts for Aldol, Michael, and Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Orlandi Manuel , Benaglia Maurizio , Raimondi Laura , Celentano Giuseppe
Published: February 2013

The synthesis of multifunctional organocatalysts, easily obtained by the condensation of (S)‐proline with 2‐aminopyridine, 2,6‐diaminopyridine, or 2‐aminoimidazole, is reported. These chiral prolinamides promoted the aldol condensation between cyclohexanone and different aromatic aldehydes with moderate to very high enantioselectivities (up to 98 % ee), depending on the nature of the substituents on the aryl ring. Computational studies were performed to clarify the stereochemical behaviour of the two different types of catalysts and to understand the role of the different structural components of the chiral prolinamides in the recognition processes between the catalysts and the reactants. In preliminary experiments, trifluoroacetate salts of the chiral prolinamides have been used for the first time as catalysts in Diels–Alder reactions between cyclopentadiene and cinnamaldehyde and in Michael reactions.
2‐Cyanoazetidines and Azetidinium Ions: Scaffolds for Molecular Diversity
Authors: Couty François , Drouillat Bruno , Evano Gwilherm , David Olivier
Published: February 2013

Ring strain in azetidines and azetidinium ions can be efficiently used to promote ring‐expansion and ring‐opening reactions, and this renders these four‐membered heterocycles ideal scaffolds for diversity oriented synthesis. This microreview focuses on 2‐cyanoazetidines, which are easily prepared from β‐amino alcohols through a ring‐closing reaction involving C–C bond formation. The azetidines can be readily expanded to five‐ to eight‐membered nitrogen heterocycles after suitable functionalization and/or activation. Alternatively, N‐alkylated derivatives, namely, azetidinium ions, are easily prepared and displayed rich reactivity as new electrophilic building blocks and as sources of nitrogen ylides.
Synthesis of All Four Stereoisomers of 6,10,13‐Trimethyltetradecan‐2‐one, a Sex Pheromone Component Produced by Males of the Stink Bug Pallantia macunaima
Authors: Muraki Yuta , Taguri Tomonori , Yamamoto Masanobu , Zarbin Paulo H. G. , Ando Tetsu
Published: February 2013

The stink bug Pallantia macunaima (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is a soybean pest in southern Brazil, and the males produce 6,10,13‐trimethyltetradecan‐2‐one to communicate with females. All four stereoisomers of the sex pheromone were synthesized by coupling two chiral building blocks, which were synthesized from (S)‐ and (R)‐propylene oxides using stereospecific inversion of secondary tosylates as a key reaction. The enantiomeric purities of the building blocks were confirmed by chiral HPLC analysis.
Career‐Life Preparedness: Revisiting Career Planning and Adjustment in the New Workplace
Authors: Lent Robert W.
Published: February 2013

Although the economic and social context of work appears to be changing for more and more people, the author argues that time‐honored and empirically supported theories of career development continue to be relevant and useful. However, these theories and the core assumptions that underlie them (e.g., the “matching metaphor”) may need to be augmented by models and methods that help students and workers to prepare to a greater degree for difficult developmental transitions, obstacles to preferred career paths, and negative career‐life events such as unplanned job loss. The author offers a view of “career‐life preparedness” that, while informed by social‐cognitive career theory, is largely compatible with other approaches to career development and is linked conceptually to other recent work on career adaptability, resilience, and coping.
Newton's method based on bifurcation for solving multiple solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations
Authors: HaiLong Zhu , ZhaoXiang Li , ZhongHua Yang
Published: February 2013

On the basis of bifurcation theory, we use Newton's method to compute and visualize the multiple solutions to a series of typical semilinear elliptic boundary value problems with a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition in . We present three algorithms on the basis of the bifurcation method to solving these multiple solutions. We will compute and visualize the profiles of such multiple solutions, thereby exhibiting the geometrical effects of the domains on the multiplicity. The domains include the square, disk, symmetric or nonsymmetric annuli and dumbbell. The nonlinear partial differential equations include the Lane–Emden equation, concave–convex nonlinearities, Henon equation, and generalized Lane–Emden system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On sparse representation of analytic signal in Hardy space
Authors: Li Shuang , Qian Tao
Published: February 2013

This paper is concerned with the sparse representation of analytic signal in Hardy space , where is the open unit disk in the complex plane. In recent years, adaptive Fourier decomposition has attracted considerable attention in the area of signal analysis in . As a continuation of adaptive Fourier decomposition‐related studies, this paper proves rapid decay properties of singular values of the dictionary. The rapid decay properties lay a foundation for applications of compressed sensing based on this dictionary. Through Hardy space decomposition, this program contributes to sparse representations of signals in the most commonly used function spaces, namely, the spaces of square integrable functions in various contexts. Numerical examples are given in which both compressed sensing and ℓ1‐minimization are used. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H and 13C NMR assignments of two new isomeric bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. (Menispermaceae)
Authors: Marinho Alexsandro Fernandes , de Jesus Oliveira Eduardo , Tavares Josean Fechine , Filho Raimundo Braz , Barbosa‐Filho Jose Maria
Published: February 2013

des‐7′‐O‐methylroraimine (compound 1) and epi‐des‐7′‐O‐methylroraimine (compound 2), two new isomeric bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids were isolated and characterized as a mixture from the rhizomes of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. The unambiguous structural elucidation of both isomers was performed with the aid of HR‐ESI‐MS, FT‐IR, and NMR techniques including COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of chemokines in guillain–barré syndrome
Authors: Chiang Sharon , Ubogu Eroboghene E.
Published: February 2013

Introduction: Chemokines and their receptors are important mediators of inflammation. Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute paralysis worldwide. Despite current treatments, outcomes are suboptimal. Specific chemokine receptor antagonists have the potential to be efficacious against pathogenic leukocyte trafficking in GBS. Methods: A 36‐year literature review was performed to summarize available data on chemokine expression in GBS and its representative animal model, experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). Results: Although there were a few observational human and animal studies demonstrating chemokine ligand/receptor expression in GBS and EAN, in vitro and in vivo functional studies using gene knockouts, neutralizing antibodies, or small molecular antagonists were limited. CCL2–CCR2, CCL5–CCR5, and CXCL10–CXCR3 have been most strongly implicated in EAN and GBS pathogenesis, providing targets for molecular blockade. Conclusions: Preclinical human in vitro and in vivo EAN studies are needed to evaluate the potential efficacy of chemokine signaling inhibition in GBS. Muscle Nerve 48: 320–330, 2013
Infections in hospitalized children and young adults with acute leukemia in Morocco
Authors: DePasse Jacqueline , Caniza Miguela A. , Quessar Asmaa , Khattab Mohammad , Hessissen Laila , Ribeiro Raul , Cherkaoui Siham , Benchekroun Said , Matthay Katherine K.
Published: February 2013

Background

Overall survival from leukemia is less in low and middle‐income countries than in high‐income countries. Our purpose was to describe the incidence, clinical features, and mortality of febrile illness with or without documented infection in children and young adults treated for AML and ALL in two centers in Rabat and Casablanca during 2011.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included patients <30 years of age who were newly diagnosed with AML and ALL in 2011 in Casablanca and Rabat. Each patient's chart was evaluated for patient demographics, febrile episodes, chemotherapy regimen, and clinical or microbiological evidence of infection, neutropenia, antibiotics, and mortality.

Results

One hundred sixty‐six evaluable patients had 228 inpatient febrile episodes. The median number of febrile episodes in AML was three per patient, and for ALL, one per patient. Clinically identified infections mainly included pneumonitis and mucositis. Coagulase negative staphylococcus was the most commonly isolated bacterium, followed by gram‐negative bacteria. Fifty‐three percent of febrile episodes were classified as fever of undetermined origin. Broad‐spectrum antibiotics were routinely used, with the addition of antifungals in 62 episodes and vancomycin in 83 episodes. The rate of deaths per febrile illness was 11.3% (16/141) in patients with AML, and 9.2% (8/87) in patients with ALL.

Conclusion

The higher rate of infectious deaths in leukemia compared to that reported in high‐income countries, suggests that improvements in infection care and prevention, including consistent access to rapid hospitalization, diagnostics and antibiotics; and standardizing quality of patient care are necessary to improve as well as survival in patients with leukemia in Morocco. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 916–922. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mixed substituent poly[(vinyloxy)cyclotriphosphazenes]
Authors: Carter Kenneth R. , Allen Christopher W.
Published: February 2013

The mixed substituent cyclophosphazene monomers N3P3Cl4(OCHCH2)(OCH2CF3) (2) and N3P3Cl3(OCHCH2) (OCH2CF3)2 (3) undergo polymerization under radical initiation conditions to yield the mixed substituent poly[(vinyloxy)cyclotriphosphazenes] [CH2CH(ON3P3Cl4(OCH2CF3))]n(5) and [CH2CH(ON3P3Cl3(OCH2CF3)2)]n (6), respectively. A significant, progressive reduction in molecular weight compared to the parent polymer of the series [CH2CH(ON3P3Cl5)]n (4) was observed and attributed to increased chain transfer. The thermal decomposition of 5 and 6 is similar to that observed for 4 with an exothermic elimination of HCl at modest temperatures. An alternative synthetic pathway involving nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4 provided [CH2CH(ON3P3(OCH2CF3)5)]n (7), [CH2CH(N3P3Cl2(OC6H5)3)]n (8A), [CH2CH(ON3P3Cl1.7(OC6H5)3.3)]n (8B), [CH2CH(ON3P3Cl1.5(NHCH3)3.5)]n (9), [CH2CH(ON3P3Cl3.8 (N(CH2CH3)2)1.2]n (10A), [CH2CH(ON3P3Cl3.4(N(CH2CH3)2)1.6)]n (10B), and [N3P3Cl2(OCHCH2)(N(CH3)2)]n, (11). The thermal behaviors of all of the new polymers were examined by TGA, DTA, DSC, and pyrolysis mass spectrometry. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013
In Vitro Evaluation of Non‐Protein Adsorbing Breast Cancer Theranostics Based on 19F‐Polymer Containing Nanoparticles
Authors: Porsch Christian , Zhang Yuning , Östlund Åsa , Damberg Peter , Ducani Cosimo , Malmström Eva , Nyström Andreas M.
Published: February 2013

Eight fluorinated nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized, loaded with doxorubicin (DOX), and evaluated as theranostic delivery platforms to breast cancer cells. The multifunctional NPs are formed by self‐assembly of either linear or star‐shaped amphiphilic block copolymers, with fluorinated segments incorporated in the hydrophilic corona of the carrier. The sizes of the NPs confirm that small circular NPs are formed. The release kinetics data of the particles reveals clear hydrophobic core dependence, with longer sustained release from particles with larger hydrophobic cores, suggesting that the DOX release from these carriers can be tailored. Viability assays and flow cytometry evaluation of the ratios of apoptosis/necrosis indicate that the materials are non‐toxic to breast cancer cells before DOX loading; however, they are very efficient, similar to free DOX, at killing cancer cells after drug encapsulation. Both flow cytometry and confocal microscopy confirm the cellular uptake of NPs and DOX‐NPs into breast cancer cells, and in vitro 19F‐MRI measurement shows that the fluorinated NPs have strong imaging signals, qualifying them as a potential in vivo contrast agent for 19F‐MRI.
Efficient three‐party encrypted key exchange using trapdoor functions
Authors: Lee Tian‐Fu , Chang I‐Pin , Wang Ching‐Cheng
Published: February 2013

Three‐party encrypted key exchange (3PEKE) enables two communicating parties to securely exchange confidential and authenticated information over an insecure network via a trusted server. This investigation presents a novel efficient and secure 3PEKE protocol using a super‐poly‐to‐one trapdoor function. The proposed protocol employs the Diffie–Hellman key exchange and adopts the technique that the clients can publicly exchange the factors for generating the session key without the help of the server to reduce the numbers of transmissions. A round‐efficient version of the proposed 3PEKE protocol is also described. Compared with related approaches, the proposed protocol not only retains security requirements and possesses lower computational cost but also has fewer transmissions and realizes the lower bounds of communications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing Complex Issues through Evolutionary Learning Laboratories
Authors: Bosch Ockie J. H. , Nguyen Nam C. , Maeno Takashi , Yasui Toshiyuki
Published: February 2013

Policy makers, managers and leaders in organizations, governments and business institutions are under increasing pressure to make the right management decisions in the face of a continually changing political and socio‐economic landscape. To make matters more challenging, the complex environmental, socio‐economic, business‐financial issues that decision makers need to deal with tend to transcend the jurisdictions and capacities of any single organization. There is a multitude of difficult, long‐term global challenges ahead, almost all of which are coupled with the most pressing concerns of different countries at national and local levels. Despite many efforts to deal with these complex issues facing our society, the solutions so far have seldom been long lasting, because ‘treating the symptoms’ and ‘quick fixes’, using traditional linear thinking, are the easiest way out, but do not deliver the solutions. This paper describes the processes for unravelling complexity through participatory systems analysis and the interpretation of systems structures to identify leverage points for systemic interventions. It further demonstrates the promotion of effective change and the enhancement of cross‐sectoral communication and collaborative learning. This learning focuses on finding solutions to complex issues by applying an iterative, systems‐based approach, both locally—Evolutionary Learning Laboratory (ELLab)—and globally—Global Evolutionary Learning Laboratory (GELL). A generic framework and processes for implementing and institutionalizing ELLabs are described, and how these become part of the GELL for managing complex issues is explained. Four case studies are used to demonstrate diverse examples of the application and implementation of the ELLab approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Think globally, compute locally
Authors: Bouchard Vincent , Eynard Bertrand
Published: February 2013

Abstract

We introduce a new formulation of the so-called topological recursion, that is defined globally on a compact Riemann surface. We prove that it is equivalent to the generalized recursion for spectral curves with arbitrary ramification. Using this global formulation, we also prove that the correlation functions constructed from the recursion for curves with arbitrary ramification can be obtained as suitable limits of correlation functions for curves with only simple ramification. It then follows that they both satisfy the properties that were originally proved only for curves with simple ramification.
ON THE MERTENS CONJECTURE FOR ELLIPTIC CURVES OVER FINITE FIELDS
Authors: HUMPHRIES PETER
Published: February 2013

We introduce an analogue of the Mertens conjecture for elliptic curves over finite fields. Using a result of Waterhouse, we classify the isogeny classes of elliptic curves for which this conjecture holds in terms of the size of the finite field and the trace of the Frobenius endomorphism acting on the curve.
Genetic ancestry modifies fatty acid concentrations in different adipose tissue depots and milk fat
Authors: Meier Susanne , Verkerk Gwyneth A , Kay Jane K , Macdonald Kevin A , Roche John R
Published: February 2013

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of cow genetic strain on fatty acid (FA) profiles in adipose tissue and milk. Adipose samples from two subcutaneous (shoulder and tail-head) and three visceral (kidney channel, mesenteric and omental) depots were obtained post mortem from New Zealand (NZ;n = 8) and North American (NA;n = 8) Holstein–Friesian cows. At the time of slaughter cows were in similar body condition (NZ: 4·0 ± 0·03, NA: 4·0 ± 0·02; ±sd) and stage of lactation (NZ: 90 ± 11·2 d; NA: 83 ± 4·3 d; ±sd). Milk was collected during the a.m. milking prior to slaughter and milk fat was extracted. Adipose and milk fat FA were quantified using gas chromatography. NZ cows had a lower proportion of saturated FA in shoulder, tail-head and omental adipose tissue and a greater proportion of mono-unsaturated FA and an elevated Δ9-desaturase index in shoulder and tail-head adipose tissue. The proportions of individual FA differed between adipose depots, with proportions of de-novo FA greater in subcutaneous compared with visceral adipose depots. Milk from NZ cows contained greater concentrations of short chain FA (C8 : 0–12 : 0) and CLA, and lesscis-9 18 : 1 than milk from NA cows. Regression analysis identified moderate associations between milk FA and shoulder adipose tissue FA for 18 : 2 (R2 = 0·24), 18 : 3n − 3 (R2 = 0·39), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (R2 = 0·38). Results from this study support the hypothesis that genetic strain dictates FA profiles in adipose tissue and milk and may alter the metabolic status of the various adipose depots differently. The data further support the premise that genetic strain affects the metabolic status of the various adipose depots differently. Elucidating the mechanisms that regulate the different adipose depots in the NZ and NA strains will increase our understanding of tissue mobilization and replenishment.