bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Three Methods of Calculation Economic Threshold and Injury Levels for Land Snail Monacha cantiana (Montagu) on Sugarbeet in Nubaryia, Egypt
Authors: Ebieda Ahmed Mahmoud M. , Abo El-Ftooh Adel A.
Published: March 2021

This investigation is the first to determine Monacha cantiana's EIL and ETL. This study was accomplished during two seasons to identify EIL and ETL of M. cantiana in West Nubaryia region in Egypt. Four infested techniques (SnP, SnM, ILnP and ILnP %) and three methods (i.e. 1WRB, Chi-square and the equation of Pedigo et al. 1986) were applied to calculate EIL and ETL. Generally, at SnP, SnM, ILnP and ILnP%, the EIL values for RWL and RYL ranged from 5.0 to 6.4, 35.1 to 44.7, 14.9 to 18.3 and 48.4 to 55.0, respectively. The EIT values for SYL at the techniques infested above ranged from 5.9 to 8.7 SnP, 41.4 to 58.7 SnM, 16.7 to 26.7 ILnP and 53.1 to 73.1 ILnP%. For RWL and RYL, range ETL values were 3.8 to 5.3, 22.4 to 38.4, 8 to 14.6 and 32.5 to 44.0 at SnP, SnM, ILnP and ILnP%, respectively. Nonetheless the corresponding values for RYL were 4.4-5.1, 22.4-35.8, 8-11.9 and 32.5-38.7. On the other hand, the aforementioned SYL treatment values were 4.0 to 7.0, 26.8 to 46.9, 10.3 to 21.4 and 37.0 to 58.0, respectively. Chi-square were only significant for root weight and their losses, therefore, it was neglected. The ranges in SnP expression were very closely. So, It could be inferred that SnP with Pedigo et al. 1986) or 1WRB is an effective technique for EIL or ETL determination.
Assessment of the Adoption of Organic and Conventional Farming Methods in Kisii Central Sub-County, Western Kenya
Authors: Nyamwamu Charles  N. , Onkundi B. Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

This study sought to determine the extent of adoption of various organic and conventional crop and soil management practices in the farms. Ten farms were sampled at an equidistance of one kilometre along a transect laid across each of the eight randomly selected sub-locations in the sub county. A sample size of 80 farms was randomly selected from the Sub-County. The eighty farms were regrouped into two; Organic and conventional farms. A survey of the crop management practises was carried out and the observed methods recorded down. The data collected was analyzed using the Statistical paired t test and descriptive statistics. Use of pesticides recorded the highest percentages (60%) in conventional methods while mulching recorded relatively high percentage (42%) in organic methods. Use of plastic cover recorded the lowest percentage of 4% in conventional methods while vermin-compositing was not embraced in conventional methods. Conventional methods were 3.33 points higher than organic (95% CI [-9.37596, 16.04263]). Conventional and Organic farming methods were strongly and negatively correlated (r = -0.069, p > 0.05). However, there was no statistical significant difference between conventional and organic methods (t5 = 0.674, p > 0.05), [Appendix 1(iii)]. The knowledge obtained will be useful to the farmers and other participants globally to improve crop productivity. The information collected will also enable farmers seek for unconventional ways to alleviate the problem of heavy usage of agrochemicals in order to embrace organic farming for the long run sustainability of the agricultural sector.
A study to evaluate the effects of various abdominal closure techniques on midline laparotomy wounds in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal
Authors: Chatterjee Subuddha , Bhattacharya Tunisha
Published: March 2021

Background: Post-operative complications of wound repair after laparotomy pose a major threat to life as well as to the health economy of a developing nation. Among many other factors, the length of suture used during wound closure has been studied for long. A prospective randomized control study comprising of 104 patients was conducted in the department of surgery of Bankura Sammilani medical college for comparing the incidence of SSI, wound dehiscence and incisional hernia after using short stitch and long stitch for repairing midline laparotomy wounds.Methods: Out of 104 patients enrolled in the study, 51 patients were randomly allocated to short stitch group (suture length: wound length>4:1) and 53 patients were allocated to long stitch group (suture length: wound length=4:1) and both the groups were subsequently followed up for development of the three complications.Results: Data analysis revealed that 11.7 % patients in short stitch group developed SSI whereas 24.5% patients in long stitch group developed SSI. Wound dehiscence occurred in 5.8 % of patients in short stitch group against 15% in long stitch group. 7.8% patients in short stitch group developed incisional hernia against 20.7% patients in long stitch group. In all three situations, p value was significant (<0.05).Conclusions: It is concluded from our study that, the rate of SSI, wound dehiscence and incisional hernia is significantly lower in midline abdominal wounds closed with short stitch length than those closed with long stitch length.
Diagnóstico sobre las brechas de inclusión digital en Chile
Authors: Martínez Yolanda , Mata Susana , Vega Marco
Published: March 2021

Tanto el acceso a Internet como el uso y aprovechamiento de las tecnologías de la información y el conocimiento se han convertido en herramientas que facilitan el desarrollo social y económico en la era digital. Alrededor del mundo, las personas utilizan cada vez más estas herramientas para llevar a cabo sus actividades cotidianas. Sin embargo, existe una brecha digital a nivel mundial que impide que los beneficios del Internet y las tecnologías lleguen a toda la población. Para atender dicha brecha es importante generar acciones sobre inclusión digital que atiendan las necesidades de los grupos poblacionales de forma equitativa. El presente diagnóstico ofrece un panorama sobre la inclusión digital a nivel global, así como el estado actual de Chile en esta materia. Este diagnóstico forma parte del Plan Social de Desarrollo Digital liderado por la Subsecretaría de Telecomunicaciones con el acompañamiento del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, que busca fortalecer la política de conectividad y de telecomunicaciones de forma inclusiva y equitativa a través de la coordinación interinstitucional de los sectores público, privado, social, académico e internacional.
Muda Berdaya: Sebuah Pendidikan Moderat Kritis Komunitas Santri Batang
Authors: Afad Mochammad Najmul
Published: March 2021

Radikalisme merupakan salah satu kajian yang populer. Kondisi ini sebagai wujud respon atas maraknya perilaku kekerasan yang dilakukan atas nama agama. Penelitian ini menjelaskan mengenai model pemberdayaan anak muda. Pemberdayaan dilakukan dengan pendidikan moderat kritis yang mengambil locus komunitas Santri Batang. Metode etnografi digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah komunitas Santri Batang muncul sebagai sebuah gerakan pemberdayaan baru di Kabupaten Batang. Santri Batang menjadi komunitas anak muda yang bergerak di dunia maya dan dunia nyata. Content visual di media yang diproduksi dan melalui perjumpaan langsung (kopdar/kopi darat), ajaran Islam disampaikan dengan gaya anak muda mampu menyebarkan semangat belajar kajian Islam Rahmatan Lil’alamin.
Образованность, школы, книжная культура в Восточном Средиземноморье в IV–VII вв. (Антиохия, Берит, Кесария, Газа)
Authors: Болгов Николай Николаевич , Болгова Анна Михайловна , Денисова Ирина Викторовна , Бузанаков Юрий Владимирович
Published: March 2021

В работе рассматривается состояние и эволюция школ и состояние образованности, роль книжной культуры в Восточном Средиземноморье ранневизантийского времени (IV–VII вв.) в контексте культурного континуитета между античностью и Средневековьем на примере городов Сиро-Палестинского региона Антиохии, Берита, Кесарии и Газы. Помимо внутренней истории школ, делаются общие наблюдения над спецификой ситуации в каждом из указанных центров. Весь позднеантичный мир с середины VI в. стал проявлять признаки медиевализации знания, эволюции картины мира, что находилось в связи с другими процессами завершения развития античной цивилизации (прекращение реального муниципального самоуправления, рост этатизма, углубление христианизации, влияние оживившихся местных этно-конфессиональных традиций в регионах). Тем не менее сохранение высоких стандартов грамотности, книг и школ продолжалось до вступления Византии в «Темные века».
Принцевы острова в пенитенциарной системе Византийской империи
Authors: Ващева Ирина Юрьевна
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматривается один из географических объектов Византии, расположенный недалеко от Константинополя и окутанный зловещим ореолом. При этом предпринимается попытка оценить место и роль получивших дурную известность Принцевых островов с точки зрения развития пенитенциарной системы Византии. В статье не только приводятся наиболее яркие примеры ссылки и заключения на Принцевых островах именитых и влиятельных особ, религиозных и политических деятелей Византии, но и предпринимается попытка гендерного, социально-статусного, количественного анализа заключенных, выявляются условия их содержания и цели заключения. Актуальность статьи определяется тем, что история Принцевых островов и их роль в Византийской истории изучены крайне мало и в то же время отличается наличием определенных стереотипов. Автор подвергает проверке и заново осмысливает ставшие уже стереотипными представления о роли Принцевых островов в византийской истории и приходит к выводу, что использование архипелага в качестве места заключения неугодных представителей царствующего дома носит вторичный характер. Определяющим же фактором заселения и освоения островов являлись идеальные условия для монастырского строительства. Изменение внутри- и внешнеполитической ситуации в VIII–IX вв. в сочетании с развитием законодательства и судебной системы в Византии приводят к тому, что довольно распространенной практикой наказания, а вернее, способом предотвращения потенциальной угрозы становится ссылка высокопоставленных противников и монастырское заключение. Это был удобный способ сохранить жизнь высокородным политическим соперникам и прямым оппонентам и в то же время устранить их надолго от участия в политической жизни. Принцевы острова в этом отношении как нельзя лучше подходили в качестве места (добровольного или принудительного) уединения, трудов и молитвенных занятий.
DETERMINANTS OF PROFITABILITY: A CASE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Farooq Mohammad , Khan Shiraz , Atique Siddiqui Atif , Tariq Khan Muhammad , Kamran Khan Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Purpose of the study: This study aims to investigate the impact of bank-specific and macro-economic factors on commercial banks profitability in Pakistan.

Methodology: This study uses both internal and external factors as independent variables. Internal factors are inclusive of capital adequacy, operational efficiency, deposit ratio, liquidity, leverage, number of branches, and bank size, while external indicators are pertaining to GDP, rate of inflation, interest rate, and rate of foreign exchange. Return on assets, return on equity, and net interest margin is employed as proxies for measuring profitability. Balanced panel data of 25 commercial banks over a period ranging from 2009 to 2018 is analyzed through descriptive statistics and fixed effects regression model.

Main Findings: The empirical findings revealed that among internal factors, capital adequacy ratio, deposit ratio, leverage ratio, liquidity ratio, and bank size significantly affect the return on asset, while in the case of macro-economic factors, inflation rate, exchange rate, and GDP have a significant impact on return on asset. On the other hand, return on equity is significantly affected by deposit ratio, leverage ratio, and operational efficiency, whereas among macro-economic factors, only the inflation rate had a significant effect on return on equity. Furthermore, in the case of net interest margin, among internal factors, capital adequacy ratio, deposit ratio, bank size, and the number of branches have a significant impact on net interest margin, whereas, among macro-economic factors, interest rate, inflation rate, and exchange rate significantly affected net interest margin.

Applications of this study: This study has greater importance for government, bank managers, investors, academicians, and scholars.

Originality/Novelty: In this study, the number of branches is taken as a novel factor in Pakistan's case and bridges the gap in the banking literature of Pakistan.
An Analytical Model for Concentration of Water Pollutant
Authors: Sagar bhandari Prem
Published: March 2021

In this paper, an advection- dispersion equation for the pollutant concentration is solved assuming zero initial rate of pollutant. To solve the dispersion equation in unsteady state condition, the transformation technique has been used. .It is obtained that the concentration of the pollutants in a small river decreases continuously with increasing distance.
Anthropometric Profile and Nutritional Status in Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Erbesler Zeynel Abidin , Ulcay Tufan
Published: March 2021

Background: Various screening tools are used to identify elderly individuals who are malnourished or at risk for malnutrition based on their nutritional status. Anthropometric measurements are important indicators of an individual’s nutritional status. In this study, we aimed to establish anthropometric standards for the Turkish elderly population and to investigate any significant relationship between anthropometric characteristics and nutritional status.

Materials and Methods: Age, sex, weight, height, waist-to-hipratio (WHR) and body massindex (BMI) were recorded. We also administered the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and a hand grip test.

Results: In our study, 72% of males and 84% of females were in the overweight group, 24% of males and 16% of females were in the normal weight group, and only 4% of males were in theweak group. For males, 76% were not at risk for malnutrition, 20% were at risk, and 4% were determined to have malnutrition. For females, 68% were not at risk for malnutrition, and 32% were at risk. There were no females who had malnutrition. With regard to muscle strength, 80% of males and 92% of females did not have sufficient strength. Weight, grip strength and WHR were significantly related to MNA (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: We provided sex-specific distributions for many anthropometric measurements for the elderly which can be used as reference values for the Turkish elderly population to identify individuals at greater risk for nutritional disorders.
Comparison between UNS S32101 and UNS S32205 hydrogenated
Authors: Cordeiro de Oliveira Angela Maria , Cortés Paredes Ramón Sigifredo , Cardoso Godoi Walmor , Luiz Henke Sergio
Published: March 2021

This work presents a study on the duplex stainless steels UNS S32101 and UNS S32205 when subjected to cathodic hydrogenation, to ascertain their behavior under the action of hydrogen. It was evaluated for embrittlement and phase transformations induced by hydrogen, in order to check whether nickel and molybdenum contents would improve resistance to the harmful effects of hydrogen. With the aid of optical (MO) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), both hydrogen embrittlement in both steels after hydrogenation and degassing was evidenced, as well as pitting corrosion on UNS S32101 duplex stainless steel. It appears that hydrogen can induce the transformation of the austenitic phase (g) into the martensitic phase (α') in the two duplex stainless steels analyzed and it is verified that hydrogen can lead to the formation of sigma phase at room temperature in duplex stainless steel UNS type S32101
The asymmetrical bank-client relationship Case of Algerian public banks
Authors: SENOUCI Kouider , MERAD Mohammed Djamil
Published: March 2021

Asymmetric information remains one of the most crucial problems in finance, though many  works  have  been  produced  since  the  first  writings  of  Akerloff,  Spence  and  Stiglitz and many others. The inequality of getting information causes many problems to entreprises, because  the  responsible  needs  all  information  to  solve  these problems  and  decides  what solution  should  fulfil the purpose in vew.  In  this  context,  the information and communication technologies (ICT)  play  a  dominant  role  for  the  spreading  of information to different users and researchers. The present work is articulated around two main parts.  The first deals with the theoretical aspects of asymmetric information.  The second is an empirical approach realised using a sample of questions in Algerian public Banks. All the questions deal with the impact of asymmetric information on the banking activity.
Domestic child abuse and family realm in Albania
Authors: Dini Elona , Mersini Kujtim
Published: March 2021

This paper brings new insights and further examines the data obtained from the National Survey of Domestic Violence, which is the most comprehensive source on the prevalence of violence against children in Albania.

The aim here is not to duplicate or overlap with the results of the survey but to enshrine subtle elements that characterize the violence against children. The analyses are focused to critically examine the frequency and characteristics of physical violence against children. This includes the calculation of many comparisons between the occurrence of violence and predisposing factors. From the statistical analysis results, it can be seen, that the number of respondents who nominated their respective mothers as offenders represent 70% of the total valid sample followed by their fathers and brothers/sisters with 46% and 38% respectively. It appears that the most frequent and sadly culturally accepted method of physical violence against children is slapping and knuckle beating which resulted in 89% of cases followed by hair tear and pushes by 60%, meanwhile other more extreme forms of violence occur to a lower rate ranging from 0.6% up to 20%. Interestingly the violence against children is predominantly high in Elbasan and Gjirokastra regions with an outstanding prevalence of 91% and 88% respectively. These scientific facts replace the old misconceptions that the domestic violence is more widespread in northern areas of Albania. The research findings reported here are critical to inform our efforts to protect children from children’s exposure to violence.
Effects of Unemployment on Crime in selected Sub-Sahara African countries
Authors: Sézard Timbi , Eric Ayang , Missa Daniel Toumpiguim
Published: March 2021

The objective of this study is to assess the effect of unemployment on crime in Sub-Saharan Africa. The main contribution of this study is in the enrichment of the literature on this phenomenon which is common throughout the African continent. The study covers 40 SSA countries and is based on the two-stage Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) inspired by the empirical model of Raphael and Winter-Ebmer (2001) between 1990 and 2018. Youth unemployment rate is found to have a positive and significant effect on the rate of murder in SSA countries.
Determinación de las rentas de los socios de una sociedad cooperativa de hecho o de derecho: la renta por la actividad cooperativizada y la renta por el capital prestado
Authors: García-Gutiérrez Fernández Carlos
Published: March 2021

Las personas pueden ser socios de una sociedad cooperativa (de hecho o de derecho) por su participación en el proceso de producción y distribución como proveedores de bienes o servicio o como consumidores de los productos; pero también son acreedores por el capital prestado (no hay porque entregarlo «a fondo perdido» para que la sociedad tenga «recursos propios»). La retribución por cada una de estas dos participaciones debe hacerse de acuerdo con el orden que establece el proceso contable que trasciende a la normativa en materia de sociedades cooperativas —es de rango superior—: primero los intereses o rentabilidad financiera por los préstamos vivos a una tasa adecuada —por tanto, en proporción al montante aportado por cada socio— y «a resultas» y también en proporción al valor de la actividad cooperativizada de cada socio, la rentabilidad económica, que si se anticipa, se liquida al final, mediante los retornos o rentabilidad económica diferida. La capacidad de los socios de decidir ambas retribuciones pone de manifiesto como consideran ellos mismos que es el valor de la empresa que cada uno representa bajo la hipótesis de que desarrollaran la misma actividad individualmente con la aportación financiera asignada. Y, para conseguir que sea lo mayor posible el criterio debe ser hacer mínima la rentabilidad financiera (pero por encima de la que perciben los acreedores convencionales) y anticipar larentabilidad económica lo más posible hasta el límite que viene dado por el beneficioceroRecibido: 26 julio 2012Aceptado: 03 septiembre 2012
El inconcluso régimen legal de las mutuas de seguros y la paulatina desmutualización del sector asegurador español
Authors: Vargas Vasserot Carlos
Published: March 2021

Las mutuas de seguros constituyen una forma especial de explotar la actividad aseguradora caracterizada por su naturaleza eminentemente mutualista frente a las entidades aseguradoras con forma de sociedades anónimas en las que predomina el interés lucrativo de la entidad. Sin embargo, paulatinamente se han ido equiparando las exigencias económicas y financieras, la solvencia y las bases técnicas que deben tener las mutuas y las compañías de seguros para ser autorizadas para operar en los distintos ramos, con lo que estructuralmente las diferencias entre estos dos tipos de aseguradoras no son tan evidentes y no suelen ser percibidas por los propios tomadores de seguros. Un claro impulso a este proceso de asimilación ha venido de la mano de la Ley 20/2015 de Ordenación, Supervisión y Solvencia de las Entidades Aseguradoras y Reaseguradoras y su Reglamento de desarrollo, aprobado por el Real Decreto 1060/2015. No obstante, ambos cuerpos normativos dedican escasos preceptos a las mutuas de seguros en comparación con la normativa anterior, que se mantiene básicamente en vigor hasta que se acometa una futura regulación específica de las mutuas. En el presente estudio se expondrá el origen y evolución de explotación del seguro a través de mutuas, la naturaleza jurídica de las relaciones mutualistas entre los asegurados y las mutuas y las principales novedades del vigente, e inacabado régimen legal de las mutuas de seguros, que se pueden resumir en tres: prohibición de las mutuas a prima variable, cambios en el régimen de modificaciones estructurales en las que participe una mutua y el reconocimiento de la posibilidad de constituir grupos mutuales basados en vínculos no de capital.

Recibido: 16 abril 2018Aceptado: 18 mayo 2018
Consecuencias jurídicas de la mercantilidad de las cooperativas
Authors: Divar Garteiz Javier
Published: March 2021

La concesión «contra natura jurídica» de competencias exclusivas en materia cooperativa a todas las Comunidades Autónomas ha provocado la sin razón de la desvertebración legislativa cooperativista española. Como quiera que la Constitución Española establece que la materia mercantil es competencia propia del Estado, sin que por tanto puedan otorgarse competencias legislativas a las Comunidades Autónomas, la primera consecuencia derivada de la indudable calificación mercantil es que todas las competencias de los Estatutos de Autonomía son técnicamente inconstitucionales.

Recibido: 04 junio 2018Aceptado: 10 julio 2018
La axiología de la cooperación como elemento sustentador del liderazgo cooperativo
Authors: De Miranda José Eduardo
Published: March 2021

Los valores cooperativos son el núcleo que ha permitido el rescate y la consolidación de la identidad cooperativa, necesaria a la formación de la verdadera moral cooperativa, cuya comprensión y respeto de las necesidades humanas representa la esencia del propio Cooperativismo. Por este sentido, y bajo un manto axiológico, el liderazgo cooperativo debe conyugar las condiciones relacionadas al conocimiento técnico del líder con sus atributos personales, derivativos de los rasgos de su personalidad, esenciales a la gestión de los procesos gerenciales y humanos. El líder cooperativo debe ser el modelo de hombre cooperativo, el hombre honesto, que respeta la personalidad del prójimo, las diferencias entre las gentes y la igualdad en la dignidad de todos.

Recibido: 12 enero 2013Aceptado: 26 febrero 2013
La concepción jurídico-constitucional de la cooperativa en Cuba. Un reto para el perfeccionamiento del modelo socioeconómico nacional
Authors: Rodríguez Musa Orestes
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar algunas valoraciones en torno a la concepción de la cooperativa en el constitucionalismo cubano, destinadas a que el magno texto pueda guiar —como corresponde— la implementación legal de la figura hacia una perspectiva integral. Para conseguir este propósito, ofreceremos inicialmente una caracterización de la institución que nos ilustre sobre su identidad. A continuación se analizará la dimensión jurídica de la cooperativa, ponderando las diferentes posturas doctrinales que han intentado definir su naturaleza. Por último, argumentaremos que la actual preceptiva constitucional cubana, influida por una reducida concepción de la institución, adolece de un grupo de limitaciones que obstaculizan el óptimo aprovechamiento de la figura en un contexto socioeconómico en el que está llamada a trascender.

Recibido: 16 enero 2013Aceptado: 07 febrero 2013
Armonización del derecho cooperativo en América Latina: desafíos y oportunidades
Authors: Cracogna Dante
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo reproduce la ponencia presentada por el autor en el Foro organizado por SGECOL (Grupo de Estudio sobre el Derecho Cooperativo Europeo) realizado en Manchester el 31 de octubre de 2012 en el marco de las actividades de cierre del Año Internacional de las Cooperativas organizadas por la Alianza Cooperativa Internacional. El trabajo versa sobre el Proyecto de Ley Marco para las Cooperativas de América Latina elaborado por un grupo de expertos de diferentes países de la región por encargo de la Organización de las Cooperativas de América (OCA) en 1988, el cual ejerció apreciable influencia en la posterior legislación continental. Seguidamente aborda el proceso de actualización del documento llevado a cabo por la Alianza Cooperativa Internacional para las Américas (ACI Américas) veinte años más tarde. Finalmente, trata sobre los objetivos del documento, los principios que lo inspiran, sus principales institutos y sus perspectivas en el marco de la reforma de la legislación cooperativa de los países latinoamericanos.Recibido: 20 febrero 2013Aceptado: 03 mayo 2013
El suministro de energía eléctrica. Participación de las cooperativas en la gestión de este servicio de interés general
Authors: Arnáez Arce Vega María
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo se analiza el régimen jurídico básico de las cooperativas eléctricas en su naturaleza jurídica de cooperativas de consumo que tienen por objeto social la distribución de la energía eléctrica y la comercialización de todo tipo de productos energéticos relacionados con la electricidad. Dicho análisis parte de la importancia cuantitativa y cualitativa de las cooperativas eléctricas, que representan en la actualidad un modelo de gestión eficiente que les permite garantizar el abastecimiento de electricidad tanto a sus socios como a cada vez un mayor número de clientes a precios muy económicos y competitivos, mediante el desarrollo de acuerdo con los principios y procedimientos de actuación propios de lo que se puede denominar un modelo energético sostenible.

Recibido: 17 octubre 2016Aceptado: 07 noviembre 2016
Las cooperativas y los jóvenes
Authors: Martínez Charterina Alejandro
Published: March 2021

En el momento presente, a comienzos del siglo xxi, los grandes cambios experimentados invitan al estudio y reflexión acerca de la situación de los jóvenes y su posición respecto a las cooperativas. Los jóvenes necesitan a las cooperativas tanto como éstas los necesitan a ellos. Resulta fundamental la investigación acerca de los valores que exhiben los jóvenes y su sintonía con los valores cooperativos que conforman su identidad.

Recibido: 17 octubre 2016Aceptado: 07 noviembre 2016
La constitución del Consejo Cántabro de la Economía Social: una obligación legal y una oportunidad para la promoción del sector
Authors: Díez Ácimas Luis Ángel
Published: March 2021

La Ley de Cooperativas de Cantabria dedica el Capítulo III del Título III a regular el Consejo Cántabro de la Economía Social. Este es un órgano de promoción y difusión del cooperativismo y la economía social. Tiene funciones de carácter consultivo y asesor para las actividades relacionadas con este sector. La Ley obliga al Gobierno de Cantabria a dictar la norma de organización y funcionamiento de este Consejo, en el plazo de un año desde su entrada en vigor. Este se cumplió el 18 de enero de 2015. Esta norma no se ha dictado aún. En este estudio, se recuerda esa obligación impuesta al Gobierno de Cantabria; pero, se resalta, al mismo tiempo, el carácter positivo que el funcionamiento del Consejo tendría sobre la política de fomento de la economía social en esta región, contribuyendo decisivamente a su promoción y a conseguir una mayor visibilidad por parte de la sociedad.

Recibido: 06 junio 2017Aceptado: 17 julio 2017
El tardío reconocimiento del carácter mercantil de las sociedades cooperativas y su consecuencia
Authors: Macías Ruano Antonio José
Published: March 2021

La dispersión normativa en materia de sociedades cooperativas es el efecto de circunstancias históricas y políticas que van más allá de la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional de 1983 asumiendo la constitucionalidad de la Ley 1/1982, de 1 de febrero, sobre Cooperativas, del País Vasco, a la que siguieron otras de diversas comunidades autónomas hasta el actual marco legal cooperativo. El que no se hubiera asumido por el legislador nacional antes de 1979, fecha de publicación del primer estatuto de autonomía, la naturaleza mercantil de las sociedades cooperativas ha dado lugar a esta situación, sin embargo, el debate y conclusiones del carácter mercantil de las sociedades cooperativas ha estado presente en la doctrina desde mucho antes de dicha fecha. En este trabajo se hace un repaso a las concepciones y justificaciones legales que se ha dado a las cooperativas hasta su actual percepción como sociedades de naturaleza mercantil.

Recibido: 03 julio 2017Aceptado: 26 septiembre 2017
Residual Capacitance Estimation in Lithium-Thionyl-Chloride Chemical Current Sources using Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Petrenko E.M. , Semenova V.A.
Published: March 2021

Purpose of this work is to elaborate operational and reliable method for ensuring non-destructive control over primary lithium-thionyl-chloride chemical current sources (LCCS) using the impedance spectroscopy. Results and conclusions presented in this work are based on a series of experimental studies. Result reliability was experimentally proven on models and samples with known characteristics. Mathematical apparatus used in processing experimental data using the Fourier transforms allows obtaining information on impedance in a wide frequency range based on results of a single experiment and prompt calculating its main parameters (impedance imaginary value at the hodograph extreme point, its frequency, high-frequency resistance and phase). Ways to reduce the passive film influence, which is appearing on the lithium electrode during storage and operation, on the impedance characteristics are shown. Based on the electrochemical impedance spectra analysis, most informative frequency ranges were determined, and correlates were found connecting the impedance characteristics with the investigated current source state. It is proposed to use the phase angle value measured at the impedance hodograph extreme point as a correlate allowing to estimate the LCCS residual capacitance. It was determined that in assessing the LCCS discharge degree in the range of 0--70 % residual capacity, results of impedance spectroscopy are being quite informative
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Linseed Oil and Natural Antioxidants on Production Performance, Fatty Acid Profile and Meat Lipid Peroxidation in Broilers
Authors: Mech Anjumoni , Suganthi Umaya , Rao Somu Bala Nageswara , Sejian Veerasamy , Soren Manik , David Corbon , Awachat Vaibhav , Kadakol Veeranna
Published: March 2021

Background: Healthy omega-3 fatty acid (n-3FA) enriched poultry meat can be achieved through dietary supplementation of n-3 FA rich feed ingredients like fish meal, linseed, linseed oil, marine algae, etc to broiler birds. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing linseed oil (LO) in combination with natural antioxidants like curry leaf powder, ginger powder and turmeric powder to explore the additional benefits of these natural antioxidants in reducing meat lipid peroxidation. Methods: Day-old male broiler chicks (n=150) were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments, namely, 2% vegetable oil (C), 2% linseed oil (LO), 2% LO + 0.5% curry powder (LOC), 2% LO + 0.5% ginger powder (LOG) and 2% LO + 0.5% turmeric powder (LOT) for 42 days. Result: Results showed highest average daily gain (ADG) and best feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in LOG group compared to all other groups. The effect of different treatment was not evident on other production parameters. The omega-6: omega-3fatty acid ratio (n-6 FA: n-3 FA) was enhanced in all LO supplemented broilers. Supplementation of dietary natural antioxidants along with LO did not have any significant impact on meat lipid peroxidation which was analyzed by quantifying malondialdehyde production rate. It may be inferred that feeding LO to broiler chicks’ produces n-3 FA enriched chicken meat but the effect of natural antioxidants like curry leaf, ginger and turmeric powder on meat lipid peroxidation could not be established through the present study.
Current Distribution and Virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris in Turkey
Authors: Kocalar Hatice , Kafadar Feyza Nur , Ozkan Ali , Talapov Talap , Demirel Ozge , Anay Ayse , Mart Durdane , Can Canan
Published: March 2021

This study was undertaken to define current data on chickpea Fusarium wilt severity, its relation with epidemiological parameters and virulence levels of isolates in Turkey. The disease was detected in 7 regions and 37 provinces of Turkey indicating that Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is an emerging pathogen of chickpea. Yellowing and wilting types were detected in surveyed areas wherein yellowing was observed in 31 of 37 provinces. Epidemiological parameters were effective on wilting and yellowing syndrome development wherein negative correlations were observed among disease severity, relative humidity (%) (r = -0.25; P less than 0.01) and the number of rainy days (r = -0.23; P less than 0.01) for yellowing, however there was no statistically significant relationship for wilting phenotype (P greater than 0.05).
Atrial fibrillation in dialysis patients (experience of one center)
Authors:   Irkutsk Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vikulova N.R. , Chernov A.V. ,   Irkutsk Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Koshkina Yu.V. ,   Irkutsk Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vasiljeva A.N. ,   Irkutsk Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Orlova G.M. ,   Irkutsk State Medical University
Published: March 2021

The aim of the research is to determine frequency of atrial fi brillation; factors that lead to the formation of atrial fi brillation and the development of cardiovascular complications in dialysis patients. Material and methods. Analysis of current clinical practice in one out-patient hemodialysis center. Results. The incidence of atrial fi brillation in dialysis patients is 10.5 %. Most patients (72.4 %) had a paroxysmal form of atrial fi brillation. Th ere is clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with atrial fi brillation. Atrial fi brillation occurred in 58.6 % of dialysis patients in average in 45 [15.4; 70.5] months after the beginning of regular hemodialysis, the rest got it in pre-dialysis period. Th e main factor associated with the development of atrial fi brillation on dialysis is the duration of dialysis therapy. Dialysis patients with atrial fi brillation are characterized by more pronounced systemic infl ammation and a higher incidence of hyperparathyroidism compared with patients without atrial fi brillation. Cardiovascular complications developed in 41.4 % dialysis patients with atrial fibrillation. Anuria is a factor associated with the development of myocardial infarction and stroke. Conclusion. Atrial fibrillation is found in every tenth dialysis patient. An increase in atrial fi brillation was noted along with an increase in hemodialysis duration. To optimize dialysis treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation further research is needed
DOENÇA PELO CORONAVÍRUS 2019: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Nepomuceno Morais Victor , Carvalho Barros Dias Fernanda , Borges Aguiar Santana Tayná , Guimarães Maciel Lucas , Cabral de Souza Yasmin , Andrade Mescoloti Alexandre , De Pádua Milagres Flávio Augusto , Sanzio Pimenta Raphael
Published: March 2021

O SARS-CoV-2, que causa a patologia conhecida como COVID-19, foi identificado em dezembro de 2019 como a causa de uma série de casos de pneumonia na cidade chinesa de Wuhan. O número de casos aumentou consideravelmente nos meses subsequentes e a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) declarou no dia 11 de março de 2020 a pandemia de COVID-19. Trata-se de um vírus de RNA, envelopado e que possui uma alta taxa de transmissão.  A apresentação clínica pode variar de um quadro assintomático ou leve, até casos graves que cursam com insuficiência respiratória. Febre, tosse, dispneia, fadiga, mialgia generalizada e cefaleia são os sintomas comumente observados. Até a data de realização desse estudo, não haviam terapias específicas que tenham apresentado eficácia claramente comprovada. O objetivo desse artigo foi abordar diversos aspectos sobre o SARS-CoV-2, incluindo a epidemiologia, quadro clínico, diagnóstico e tratamento da COVID-19. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com o uso da base de dados do Pubmed e relatórios do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e da OMS, que resultou na seleção de 77 referências baseadas no Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).
Aqueous Extracts Prepared with Young E. globulus Leaves as a Biocide - A Novel Post-Fire Management Strategy of Eucalyptus Stands
Authors: Pinto Mafalda , Soares Cristiano , Martins Maria , Sousa Bruno , Valente Inês , Pereira Ruth , Fidalgo Fernanda
Published: March 2021

Along with climate change, the native forest replacement by exotic species, such as Eucalyptus globulus, is contributing to a highly fire-prone environment. Since E. globulus detains several post-fire regeneration strategies, sustainable practices are needed to manage eucalyptus stands. Thus, eucalyptus allelopathic potential can be used for weed control. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the herbicidal potential of post-fire regenerated E. globulus leaves in Portulaca oleracea, and unraveling the main physiological processes disturbed by biocide application. For this, an aqueous extract prepared with fresh leaves (FLE; 617 gfresh weightL-1) and other with oven-dried leaves (DLE; 250 gdry weightL-1) were prepared and foliar-sprayed twice-a-week at different dilutions in 7-days-old purslane plants. As positive control, glyphosate was used. After five weeks, results revealed that DLE at the highest dose detained the greatest herbicidal activity against P. oleracea. To understand how DLE impacted weed physiology, several biochemical and redox-related parameters were evaluated in purslane plants treated with DLE highest dose. Results suggested an overproduction of hydrogen peroxide, causing severe oxidative damage in roots. Overall, this study showed that young E. globulus dried leaves had powerful herbicidal properties against P. oleracea and can represent a feasible approach for weed management, while reducing fire hazard.
An Artificial Neural Network Approach to Predict the Future Land Use Land Cover of Great Malang Region, Indonesia
Authors: Ramdani Fatwa , Setiawan Budi , Rusydi Alfi , Furqon Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Great Malang region is developing rapidly with the population increase and inhabitant`s activity, like migration and urbanization. Other activities like agricultural expansion as well as an uncontrolled residential development need to be monitored to avoid any negative impact in the future. The availability of free and open-source software, spatial high-resolution satellite imagery datasets, and powerful algorithms open the possibilities to map, monitor, and predict the future trend of land use land cover (LULC) changes. However, the accuracy and precision of this model is still in doubt, especially in the Great Malang region. Research is needed to provide a foundational basis and documentation on how the changes occur, where did the changes occur, and the accuracy of the predicted model. This study tries to answer those questions using the high spatial resolution of Sentinel-2 imageries. Combination of the fuzzy algorithm, artificial neural network, and cellular automata was utilized to process the datasets. We analysed four different scenarios of simulation and the result then compared. The different number of hidden layers and iteration was used and evaluated to understand the effect of different parameters in the prediction result. The best scenario was then used to predict future land use changes. This study has successfully produced the future LULC model of Great Malang region with high accuracy level (87%). The study also found that the land use transformation from agriculture to urban built-up area is relatively low, where changes of the built-up area over three periods of analysis are below than 5%. This is due to the physical condition of Great Malang region where mountainous areas are dominated.
Self-detecting Traffic Interference Control for Multi-zone Services under 5G-based Cellular Networks
Authors: Lee Chongdeuk
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we propose a multi-zone service control scheme to maximize the performance of each service zone when a large number of cellular service zones and D2D (Device-to-Device) service zones are composed to 5G cellular network. This paper also improves performance of service zone by dividing traffic into real-time traffic and non-real-time traffic in order to minimize traffic interference. Real-time traffic and non-real-time traffic have a significant impact on communication performance. We propose a new self-detection traffic interference control technique to improve the QoS and throughput of D2D and C2D communication in a cellular network, STICS (Self-detecting Traffic Interference Control Scheme). The proposed STICS scheme distinguishes between short-term traffic congestion process and long-term traffic congestion process according to traffic characteristics to detect and control traffic. When the proposed scheme is applied to the 5G-based cellular network environment, it is expected that the traffic type will be efficiently classified by self-detecting the traffic according to the flow. Such classified traffic is less sensitive to communication between the D2D and C2D links, thereby reducing traffic overload. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme through simulation and show that the proposed scheme is more efficient than other comparison schemes.
Effect of Vanadium on Structural and Optical Properties of Borate Glasses Containing Er3+ and Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Zaini Nur Adyani , Mohamed Syafawati Nadiah , Mohamed Zakiah
Published: March 2021

Glass samples (59.5 – x) B2O3 – 20Na2O – 20CaO – xV2O5 – Er2O3 – 0.5AgCl (x = 0 – 2.5 mol%) were prepared using melt – quenching method to investigate the structural and optical properties of the glass. The structural of the glass were characterized by using XRD, TEM and FTIR, meanwhile the optical properties were characterized by UV – VIS absorption. The XRD patterns confirmed the amorphous nature of the prepared glass samples. FTIR confirmed the presence of VO4, VO5, BO3, and BO4 vibration, and this result showed NBO increased with increasing vanadium concentration. The UV – Vis – NIR spectra exhibits six absorption band centered at 490, 520, 540, 660, 800, and 980 nm. The optical band gap (Eopt), Urbach energy and refractive index shown decrease, increase and increase, respectively. The Judd – Ofelt intensity parameter reveal the trends was Ω2 > Ω4 > Ω6. There are three emission bands at 516 nm, 580 nm, and 673 nm which are represented by 2H11/2 – 4I15/2, 4S3/2 – 4I15/2, and 4F15/2 – 4I15/2, respectively under 800 nm excitation was obtained.
ActivityNET: Neural Networks to Predict Trip Purposes in Public Transport from Individual Smart Card Data and POIs.
Authors: Sari Aslam Nilufer , Ibrahim Mohamed , Cheng Tao , Chen Huanfa , Zhang Yang
Published: March 2021

Predicting trip purpose from comprehensive and continuous smart card data is beneficial for transport and city planners investigating travel behaviours, and mobility research in urban areas. Here we propose a framework, ActivityNET, using machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict passengers' trip purpose from smart card data and Points-Of-Interest (POIs). The feasibility of the framework is demonstrated in two phases. Phase I focuses on extracting activities from individuals' daily travel patterns from smart card data and combining them with POIs using the proposed "activity-POIs consolidation algorithm". Meaningful match helps to generate an understanding of human mobility and urban flows in cities. Phase II feeds the extracted features into an artificial neural network (ANN) with multiple scenarios and predict trip purpose under primary activities (home and work) and secondary activities (entertainment, eating, shopping, child drop-offs/pick-ups and part-time work) with high accuracy. As a case study, the proposed ActivityNET framework is applied in Greater London and illustrates a robust competence to predict trip purpose. The promising outcomes demonstrate that the cost-effective framework offers valuable insight into transport planning.
Development of a Bioassay for Continuous Monitoring of TWIST1 Activity
Authors: Czapiński Jakub , Kałafut Joanna , Przybyszewska-Podstawka Alicja , Pawlicka Marta , Roszkowska Anna , Kiełbus Michał , Borkiewicz Lidia , Dudziak Karolina , Czerwonka Arkadiusz , Stepulak Andrzej , Rivero-Muller Adolfo
Published: March 2021

TWIST1 is a transcription factor that affects cell behavior during development and cell differentiation. Yet, it is better known for its roles in neoplasia through regulation of cell plasticity. The pathological contributions of TWIST1 in tumor initiation, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and chemo-resistance have been the focus of much research. To-date, the only way to quantitatively measure the abundance of TWIST is by immunoblots. Yet, no bioassay exists that can detect TWIST1 activity. Thus, we present here a TWIST1 cell-based assay that allows measuring the amount of active TWIST1 non-invasively in living cells. The bioassay was characterized against previously described TWIST1 “inhibitors”, as well as by epigenetic modulators of TWIST1 gene expression. Moreover, we tested multiple cell lines, showing that the level of TWIST1 mRNA resembles that of the bioassay. We show that prostate cancer cells (PC3) undergoing EMT, migrate out of 3D-spheroids and have increased TWIST1 activity. This fast and reliable system to detect active TWIST1 in different biological conditions allows a detailed analysis of this factor, as well as it can be used for drug discovery, since TWIST1 is a potential target for cancer chemotherapeutics.