bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non‐Steady‐State 14C‐10Be and Transient Hillslope Dynamics in Steep High Mountain Catchments
Authors: Slosson John R. , Hoke Gregory D. , Lifton Nathaniel
Published: December 2022

Paired in situ cosmogenic nuclides 14C and 10Be present an opportunity to explore erosion rate disequilibria over Holocene to latest Pleistocene timescales and are a new avenue in surface processes research. 14C and 10Be concentrations in quartz from river sand collected at the outlets of five mountainous catchments in the Argentine Andes are compared in this study. River gauge and 10Be‐derived erosion rates are in good agreement; however, 14C concentrations are approximately 2.7–4 times lower than expected relative to 10Be under steady‐state erosion. Low 14C to 10Be ratios imply that sediment eroded from the high mountains was shielded for at least 7–15 ky. Neoglacial advances and storage in terraces may account for some of the reduced 14C concentrations but are insufficient alone. Transient storage in dynamic talus slopes in the steep topography of the High Andes provides the best explanation for the observed 14C concentrations.
S1222a—The Largest Marsquake Detected by InSight
Authors: Kawamura Taichi , Clinton John F. , Zenhäusern Géraldine , Ceylan Savas , Horleston Anna C. , Dahmen Nikolaj L. , Duran Cecilia , Kim Doyeon , Plasman Matthieu , Stähler Simon C. , Euchner Fabian , Charalambous Constantinos , Giardini Domenico , Davis Paul , Sainton Grégory , Lognonné Philippe , Panning Mark , Banerdt William B.
Published: December 2022

NASA's InSight has detected a large magnitude seismic event, labeled S1222a. The event has a moment magnitude of 4.7, with five times more seismic moment compared to the second largest event. The event is so large that features are clearly observed that were not seen in any previously detected events. In addition to body phases and Rayleigh waves, we also see Love waves, minor arc surface wave overtones, and multi‐orbit surface waves. At long periods, the coda event exceeds 10 hr. The event locates close to the North‐South dichotomy and outside the tectonically active Cerberus Fossae region. S1222a does not show any evident geological or tectonic features. The event is extremely rich in frequency content, extending from below 1/30 Hz up to 35 Hz. The event was classified as a broadband type event; we also observe coda decay and polarization similar to that of very high frequency type events.
IDO-1 inhibitor INCB24360 elicits distant metastasis of basal extruded cancer cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Buhe Hada , Ma Ji-xin , Ye Fang-zhou , Song Chen-yun , Chen Xin-yu , Liu Yang , Lin Huang , Han Xu , Ma Li-xiang , Saiyin Hexige
Published: December 2022

Neoplastic cells of non-immunogenic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) express indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), an immunosuppressive enzyme. The metabolites of IDO-1 in cancers provide one-carbon units that annihilate effector T cells, and recruit immunosuppressive cells. In this study we investigated how IDO-1 affected the neoplastic cell behaviors in PDACs. Using multiple markers co-labeling method in 45-µm-thick tissue sections, we showed that IDO-1 expression was uniquely increased in the neoplastic cells extruded from ducts’ apical or basal domain, but decreased in lymph metastatic cells. IDO-1+ extruding neoplastic cells displayed increased vimentin expression and decreased cytokeratin expression in PDACs, characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, IDO-1 expression was uncorrelated with immunosuppressive infiltrates and clinicopathological characteristics of grim outcome. We replicated basal extrusion with EMT in murine KPIC PDAC organoids by long-term IFN-γ induction; application of IDO-1 inhibitor INCB24360 or 1-MT partially reversed basal extrusion coupled EMT. Ido-1 deletion in KPIC cells deprived its tumorigenicity in immunocompetent mice, decreased cellular proliferation and macropinocytic ability, and increased immunogenicity. KPIC organoids with IFN-γ-induced basal extrusion did not accelerate distant metastasis, whereas inhibition IFN-γ-induced IDO-1 with INB24360 but not 1-MT in KPIC organoids elicited liver metastasis of subcutaneous KPIC organoid tumors, suggesting that lower IDO-1 activity accelerated distant metastasis, whereas IDO-1 was indispensable for tumorigenicity of PDAC cells and supports the survival of extruding cells.
Activation of ALOX12 by a multi-organelle-orienting photosensitizer drives ACSL4-independent cell ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Xiuxia , Chen Yuanhong , Yang Xiang , Cheng Lianghui , He Zhenyan , Xin Yanru , Huang Shan , Meng Fanling , Zhang Peijing , Luo Liang
Published: December 2022

Ferroptosis is a recently-defined tumor suppression mechanism, but the sensitivity of many tumorigenic cells to ferroptosis is limited by their deficient expression of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4). Here, we report the discovery of a photosensitizer, namely TPCI, which can evoke ACSL4-independent ferroptosis of cancer cells in photodynamic therapy. Through co-localization with 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) in multiple subcellular organelles, TPCI activates ALOX12 to generate lipid reactive oxygen species in large quantity and trigger cell ferroptosis. Intriguingly, confining TPCI exclusively in lysosomes switches the cell death from ferroptosis to apoptosis. More strikingly, the ferroptosis mediated by TPCI-induced ALOX12 activation does not require the participation of ACSL4. Therefore, our study identifies TPCI as the first ALOX12 activator to induce ferroptosis independent of ACSL4, which renders a viable therapeutic approach on the basis of distinct ferroptosis of cancer cells, regardless their ACSL4 expressions.
Quantification of gas-accessible microporosity in metal-organic framework glasses
Authors: Frentzel-Beyme Louis , Kolodzeiski Pascal , Weiß Jan-Benedikt , Schneemann Andreas , Henke Sebastian
Published: December 2022

Metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses are a new class of glass materials with immense potential for applications ranging from gas separation to optics and solid electrolytes. Due to the inherent difficulty to determine the atomistic structure of amorphous glasses, the intrinsic structural porosity of MOF glasses is only poorly understood. Here, we investigate the porosity features (pore size and pore limiting diameter) of a series of prototypical MOF glass formers from the family of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) and their corresponding glasses. CO2 sorption at 195 K allows quantifying the microporosity of these materials in their crystalline and glassy states, also providing excess to the micropore volume and the apparent density of the ZIF glasses. Additional hydrocarbon sorption data together with X-ray total scattering experiments prove that the porosity features of the ZIF glasses depend on the types of organic linkers. This allows formulating design principles for a targeted tuning of the intrinsic microporosity of MOF glasses. These principles are counterintuitive and contrary to those established for crystalline MOFs but show similarities to strategies previously developed for porous polymers.
Discovery of synthetic lethal interactions from large-scale pan-cancer perturbation screens
Authors: Srivatsa Sumana , Montazeri Hesam , Bianco Gaia , Coto-Llerena Mairene , Marinucci Mattia , Ng Charlotte K. Y. , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Beerenwinkel Niko
Published: December 2022

The development of cancer therapies is limited by the availability of suitable drug targets. Potential candidate drug targets can be identified based on the concept of synthetic lethality (SL), which refers to pairs of genes for which an aberration in either gene alone is non-lethal, but co-occurrence of the aberrations is lethal to the cell. Here, we present SLIdR (Synthetic Lethal Identification in R), a statistical framework for identifying SL pairs from large-scale perturbation screens. SLIdR successfully predicts SL pairs even with small sample sizes while minimizing the number of false positive targets. We apply SLIdR to Project DRIVE data and find both established and potential pan-cancer and cancer type-specific SL pairs consistent with findings from literature and drug response screening data. We experimentally validate two predicted SL interactions (ARID1A-TEAD1 and AXIN1-URI1) in hepatocellular carcinoma, thus corroborating the ability of SLIdR to identify potential drug targets.
Merging enzymatic and synthetic chemistry with computational synthesis planning
Authors: Levin Itai , Liu Mengjie , Voigt Christopher A. , Coley Connor W.
Published: December 2022

Synthesis planning programs trained on chemical reaction data can design efficient routes to new molecules of interest, but are limited in their ability to leverage rare chemical transformations. This challenge is acute for enzymatic reactions, which are valuable due to their selectivity and sustainability but are few in number. We report a retrosynthetic search algorithm using two neural network models for retrosynthesis–one covering 7984 enzymatic transformations and one 163,723 synthetic transformations–that balances the exploration of enzymatic and synthetic reactions to identify hybrid synthesis plans. This approach extends the space of retrosynthetic moves by thousands of uniquely enzymatic one-step transformations, discovers routes to molecules for which synthetic or enzymatic searches find none, and designs shorter routes for others. Application to (-)-Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (dronabinol) and R,R-formoterol (arformoterol) illustrates how our strategy facilitates the replacement of metal catalysis, high step counts, or costly enantiomeric resolution with more elegant hybrid proposals.
Dynamic assembly of DNA-ceria nanocomplex in living cells generates artificial peroxisome
Authors: Yao Chi , Xu Yuwei , Tang Jianpu , Hu Pin , Qi Hedong , Yang Dayong
Published: December 2022

Intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress, which is closely associated with many diseases. Introducing artificial organelles to ROS-imbalanced cells is a promising solution, but this route requires nanoscale particles for efficient cell uptake and micro-scale particles for long-term cell retention, which meets a dilemma. Herein, we report a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-ceria nanocomplex-based dynamic assembly system to realize the intracellular in-situ construction of artificial peroxisomes (AP). The DNA-ceria nanocomplex is synthesized from branched DNA with i-motif structure that responds to the acidic lysosomal environment, triggering transformation from the nanoscale into bulk-scale AP. The initial nanoscale of the nanocomplex facilitates cellular uptake, and the bulk-scale of AP supports cellular retention. AP exhibits enzyme-like catalysis activities, serving as ROS eliminator, scavenging ROS by decomposing H2O2 into O2 and H2O. In living cells, AP efficiently regulates intracellular ROS level and resists GSH consumption, preventing cells from redox dyshomeostasis. With the protection of AP, cytoskeleton integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, calcium concentration and ATPase activity are maintained under oxidative stress, and thus the energy of cell migration is preserved. As a result, AP inhibits cell apoptosis, reducing cell mortality through ROS elimination.
Thermal and solute aspects among two viscosity models in synovial fluid inserting suspension of tri and hybrid nanomaterial using finite element procedure
Authors: Nazir Umar , Sohail Muhammad , Kumam Poom , Elmasry Yasser , Sitthithakerngkiet Kanokwan , Ali Mohamed R. , Khan Muhammad Jahangir , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: December 2022

Inclusion of nanoparticles boosts thermal performance and is essential for thermal transport. The current investigation has been made to conduct research on heat mass transport in synovial material with the mixing of hybrid and tri-hybrid comprising variable viscosity past over a heated surface having constant density and a steady environment. The conservation laws have been considered in the presence of Lorentz force, heat generation/absorption, modified heat and mass fluxes together with chemical reaction. The mathematical model is developed in Cartesian coordinate in the form of coupled partial differential equation (PDEs). The derived PDEs are simplified by a boundary layer approach (BLA) and reduced PDEs have been converted into ordinary differential equation (ODEs) using scaling group Similarity transformation. The converted ODEs are highly nonlinear and have been solved numerically by finite elements scheme (FES). The used scheme is effective for nonlinear problem and can be frequently utilized to tackle nonlinear problems arising in mathematical physics.
Broiler meat fatty acids composition, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stability parameters as affected by cranberry leaves and walnut meal supplemented diets
Authors: Untea Arabela Elena , Turcu Raluca Paula , Saracila Mihaela , Vlaicu Petru Alexandru , Panaite Tatiana Dumitra , Oancea Alexandra Gabriela
Published: December 2022

A randomized complete block with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement was used to design a nutrition experiment conducted for the evaluation of the relation between walnut meal (WM—6% inclusion rate) and cranberry leaves (CL—1% and 2% inclusion rate) supplements and their effects on tissue lipid profile, lipid metabolism indices and oxidative stability of meat. Semi-intensive system conditions were simulated for 240 Ross 308 broilers and the animals were reared on permanent shave litter in boxes of 3 m2 (40 broilers / each group, housed in a single box). The current study results showed that the diets enriched in linolenic acid (LNA) (WM diets) led to broilers meat enriched in LNA, but the synthesis of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) was stimulated when the diets were supplemented with a natural antioxidants source (CL diets). The CL diet also exhibited the most powerful effect in counteracting the oxidative processes of meat.
Evaluation of tectonically enhanced radon in fault zones by quantification of the radon activity index
Authors: Benà Eleonora , Ciotoli Giancarlo , Ruggiero Livio , Coletti Chiara , Bossew Peter , Massironi Matteo , Mazzoli Claudio , Mair Volkmar , Morelli Corrado , Galgaro Antonio , Morozzi Pietro , Tositti Laura , Sassi Raffaele
Published: December 2022

This work highlights the importance of the Geogenic Radon Potential (GRP) component originated by degassing processes in fault zones. This Tectonically Enhanced Radon (TER) can increase radon concentration in soil gas and the inflow of radon in the buildings (Indoor Radon Concentrations, IRC). Although tectonically related radon enhancement is known in areas characterised by active faults, few studies have investigated radon migration processes in non-active fault zones. The Pusteria Valley (Bolzano, north-eastern Italy) represents an ideal geological setting to study the role of a non-seismic fault system in enhancing the geogenic radon. Here, most of the municipalities are characterised by high IRC. We performed soil gas surveys in three of these municipalities located along a wide section of the non-seismic Pusteria fault system characterised by a dense network of faults and fractures. Results highlight the presence of high Rn concentrations (up to 800 kBq·m−3) with anisotropic spatial patterns oriented along the main strike of the fault system. We calculated a Radon Activity Index (RAI) along north–south profiles across the Pusteria fault system and found that TER is linked to high fault geochemical activities. This evidence confirms that TER constitutes a significant component of GRP also along non-seismic faults.
Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis using hydroxyapatite measurements of the vertebral by thorax dual-energy spectral CT in postmenopausal females
Authors: Deng Lei , Yao Yue , Shang A.-Li , Du Tongtong , Zhang Jingbin , Yang Quanxin , Li Jianying , Wang Qian , Li Xiaohui
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of opportunistic screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal females using the dual-energy CT(DECT)-derived hydroxyapatite (HAP) concentration and CT value of L1-vertebra. 239 consecutive postmenopausal female patients were enrolled and underwent both chest DECT and Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). According to the T-score of the 1st lumbar vertebra on DXA, patients were divided into the osteoporosis group (T $$\le$$
≤
− 2.5, n = 112) and non-osteoporosis group (T $$>$$
>
− 2.5, n = 127). The HAP values of the 1st lumbar vertebra were measured from the coronal-view HAP(Fat)-based material decomposition(MD) images, and CT values were measured on the 75 keV monochromatic image. The cutoff values of using HAP and CT value for diagnosing osteoporosis were obtained by drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Both HAP and CT value of the 1st lumbar vertebra had moderate-high correlation with bone-mineral-density measurement on DXA (HAP, r = 0.614; CT value, r = 0.625; all p < 0.01). The area-under-the-curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for diagnosing osteoporosis was 0.754, 0.714, 0.693, 0.68 and 0.752 using HAP (cutoff value: 142.05 mg/cm3) and 0.766, 0.741, 0.7, 0.685 and 0.754 using CT value (cutoff value: 132HU), respectively. HAP measurements on HAP(Fat)-based MD images in DECT could provide reasonably accurate BMD quantification for diagnosing osteoporosis in postmenopausal females. DECT prescribed for lung cancer screening could also provide opportunistic screening for osteoporosis, extending the clinical application of DECT without additional radiation to patients.
Quantitative and qualitative analyses of metal ions in food and water by using a multicolor sensor array and chemometrics
Authors: Huang Lijuan , Zhang Zinan , Xing Huanchun , Sui Xin , Yang Jun , Wang Yongan
Published: December 2022

Schematic illustration of the sensor array for quantitative and qualitative analyses of metal ions.
Ni3S2/MxSy–NiCo LDH (M = Cu, Fe, V, Ce, Bi) heterostructure nanosheet arrays on Ni foam as high-efficiency electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic overall water splitting and urea splitting
Authors: Zhang Chenyi , Du Xiaoqiang , Zhang Xiaoshuang , Wang Yanhong
Published: December 2022

We synthesized a series of Ni3S2/MxSy–NiCo LDH materials (M = Cu, Fe, V, Ce, and Bi) by a two-step hydrothermal method for the first time, which display excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) properties.
Coordination polymerization of nitrogen-rich linkers and dicyanamide anions toward energetic coordination polymers with low sensitivities
Authors: Xie Hao-Hui , Wang Qin , Weng Jiao-Lin , Yan Yun-Fan , Bian Hong-Yi , Huang Ying , Zheng Fa-Kun , Qiu Ren-Hui , Xu Jian-Gang
Published: December 2022

Dicyanamide anions are introduced into nitrogen-rich skeletons to construct multipurpose ECPs with high energy, low sensitivities, and hypergolic properties.
Structural insight into halide-coordinated [Fe4S4XnY4−n]2− clusters (X, Y = Cl, Br, I) by XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy
Authors: Schüren Andreas O. , Ridgway Benjamin M. , Di Salvo Florencia , Carella Luca M. , Gramm Verena K. , Metzger Elisa , Doctorovich Fabio , Rentschler Eva , Schünemann Volker , Ruschewitz Uwe , Klein Axel
Published: December 2022

Single crystal XRD at 298 and 173 K, magnetic measurements from 2 to 300 K and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy of (BTMA)2[Fe4S4X2Y2] (X, Y = Cl, Br, or I) showed that the variation of X and Y had no effect on the delocalisation of Fe2.5+/Fe2.5+ in the clusters.
Sr/Ba substitution induced higher thermal stability far red-emitting Ba1−ySryLaLiWO6:Mn4+ phosphors for plant growth applications
Authors: Jin Hao , Fu Nian , Wang Chunhao , Qi Chunxiao , Liu Zhenyang , Wang Dawei , Guan Li , Wang Fenghe , Li Xu
Published: December 2022

A series of red-emitting BaLaLiWO6:Mn4+ (BLLW:Mn4+) phosphors were successfully synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The SrLLW:Mn4+ phosphor is a better candidate for plants illumination LED.
Relativistic modulation of supramolecular halogen/copper interactions and phosphorescence in Cu(i) pyrazolate cyclotrimers
Authors: Lu Zhou , Vanga Mukundam , Li Shan , Adebanjo Joseph O. , Patterson Monika R. , Dias H. V. Rasika , Omary Mohammad A.
Published: December 2022

Cu3[4-I-3,5-(CF3)2Pz]3exhibits stronger supramolecular Cu3⋯halogen interactionsvs.its 4-Br/4-Cl analogues, double-vs.single-capped; this relativistic enhancement yet results in quenched phosphorescence.
Nonvolatile electrical control of valley splitting by ferroelectric polarization switching in a two-dimensional AgBiP2S6/CrBr3 multiferroic heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Dongxue , Zhang Yifan , Zhou Baozeng
Published: December 2022

Nonvolatile electrical control of the valley degrees of freedom is achieved by switching the polarization direction of the ferroelectric layer in a 2D AgBiP2S6/CrBr3 multiferroic heterostructure.
Fast modulation of surface plasmons based on the photothermal effect of nonvolatile solid thin films
Authors: Chen Fangqi , Yao Jiacheng , Wang Xujie , Wang Shuangshuang , Liu Ze , Ding Tao
Published: December 2022

Plasmon modulation based on the photothermal effect of non-volatile solid thin films (GSTs) is realized at a speed of hundreds of kHz, which is fundamental for optoplasmonic nanodevices.
Template-directed growth of Ag nanostructures: soft templates versus hard templates
Authors: Xu Juan , Zhu Xingzhong , Xu Lihui , Kan Caixia , Shi Daning
Published: December 2022

Controlling the confinement energies of soft and hard templates allows the synthesis of various Ag nanostructures.
In situ construction of 3D low-coordinated bismuth nanosheets@Cu nanowire core–shell nanoarchitectures for superior CO2 electroreduction activity
Authors: Hu Yanjie , Lu Dongzhen , Zhou Weiliang , Wang Xinying , Li Yunyong
Published: December 2022

A 3D core shell nanoarchitecture with a shell of low coordinated bismuth nanosheets on a core of Cu nanowires was developed, which presents a large current density (>150 mA cm−2) with a high HCOOH selectivity (>90%).
Cooperative interaction between Cu and sulfur vacancies in SnS2nanoflowers for highly efficient nitrate electroreduction to ammonia
Authors: Li Heen , Xu Xiaoyue , Lin Xiaohu , Chen Shuheng , He Maoyue , Peng Fei , Gao Faming
Published: December 2022

In this work, co-introduced Cu and sulfur vacancies cooperate to improve the NO3RR performance of pristine–SnS2. Cu-doped SnS2with abundant sulfur vacancies (Cu-SnS2−x) achieves a superior NH3yield of 0.63 mmol h−1mgcat−1and faradaic efficiency of 93.8% at −0.7 Vvs.RHE.
Design and control of a robotic system with legs, wheels, and a reconfigurable arm
Authors: Ye Linqi , Liu Houde , Wang Xueqian , Liang Bin , Yuan Bo
Published: December 2022

Unmanned robotic systems are expected to liberate people from heavy, monotonous, and dangerous work. However, it is still difficult for robots to work in complicated environments and handle diverse tasks. To this end, a robotic system with four legs, four wheels, and a reconfigurable arm is designed. Special attention has been given to making the robot compact, agile, and versatile. Firstly, by using separate wheels and legs, it removes the coupling in the traditional wheeled–legged system and guarantees highly efficient locomotion in both the wheeled and legged modes. Secondly, a leg–arm reconfiguration design is adopted to extend the manipulation capability of the system, which not only reduces the total weight but also allows for dexterous manipulation and multi‐limb cooperation. Thirdly, a multi‐task control strategy based on variable configurations is proposed for the system, which greatly enhances the adaptability of the robot to complicated environments. Experimental results are given, which validate the effectiveness of the system in mobility and operation capability.
Improving multispectral pedestrian detection with scale‐aware permutation attention and adjacent feature aggregation
Authors: Zuo Xin , Wang Zhi , Shen Jifeng , Yang Wankou
Published: December 2022

High quality feature fusion module is one of the key components for multispectral pedestrian detection system in challenging situations, such as large‐scale variance and occlusion. Although attention mechanism is one of the most effective ways for feature refining, the correlation between attention and scales in feature pyramid still remains unknown. Therefore, a scale‐aware permutated attention module is proposed to enhance features of objects with different scales adaptively in the feature pyramid. Specifically, four different local and global attention sub‐modules are investigated to refine feature maps with different permutations in the Feature Pyramid Networks, improving the quality of the feature fusion. Besides, to address the high miss‐rate issue for small‐sized pedestrians, an adjacent‐branch feature aggregation module is proposed to aggregate features across different scales, taking both semantic context and spatial resolution into consideration. Both modules can benefit from each other with significant performance improvement in terms of efficiency and accuracy, when equipped with the dual‐branch CenterNet detection framework. Experiments on the KAIST and FLIR datasets demonstrate its superior performance compared with other state‐of‐the‐arts.
Signal demodulator based on in‐phase and quadrature interference‐robust feature
Authors: Deng Wen , Cai Xin , Wang Xiang , Huang Zhitao
Published: December 2022

This letter examines the issue of mitigating strong co‐channel interference in communication systems is addressed. Unlike conventional model‐based methods, a novel data‐driven scheme is proposed. A recurrent neural network is trained to directly demodulate the desired signal under strong co‐channel interference. Instead of inputting the original received signal, in‐phase and quadrature interference‐robust features are extracted through preprocess. The recurrent neural network is then trained offline to implement sequence labelling, with the interference‐robust feature sequences and known code sequences of the desired signal as inputs and ground‐truth labels. Meanwhile, a guard zone is introduced when loading the interference‐robust feature sequences to enable better contextual information exploitation by the recurrent neural network demodulator. Online tests validated the low bit error rate of the recurrent neural network demodulator, under strong co‐channel interference. Moreover, the proposed scheme outperformed existing model‐based and data‐driven interference mitigation schemes in terms of the bit error rate, especially in low signal‐to‐interference ratio region. Inspiringly, the proposed data‐driven scheme generalized well to varied unseen test conditions.
Litz wire loss performance and optimization for cryogenic windings
Authors: Manolopoulos Charalampos D. , Iacchetti Matteo F. , Smith Alexander C. , Miller Paul , Husband Mark
Published: December 2022

Litz wires operating in a cryogenic environment can potentially improve both the efficiency and power density of electrical machines and passive components. However, due to the low resistivity and high magnetic fields, eddy‐current losses may become significant in cryogenically cooled windings, especially in airgap winding arrangements or in the case of significant slot leakage fields, unless the litz wire parameters are carefully chosen. A framework for litz wire loss performance optimization and experimental characterisation at cryogenic temperatures is provided. An optimum operating temperature for minimum loss is derived based on analytical expressions, which highlights the role of litz wire parameters, current density and external field. The proximity loss model, used to calculate the optimum operating temperature, is validated experimentally. Two test rigs with different magnetic cores were designed and built. Copper and aluminium litz wires with a strand diameter down to 0.1 mm were tested in a liquid nitrogen bath with a uniform harmonic external magnetic field up to 0.5 T peak and a frequency up to 1 kHz. Measurements show good agreement with the theoretical results and confirm that the proposed model can be confidently used during the preliminary design of cryogenic windings.
Improvement of breakdown and flashover properties against thermal aging of oil paper insulation through addition of TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Meng , Li Sai , Zhang Lei , Yao Yuanxin , Lv Yuzhen , Chen Xin , Pang Wenli
Published: December 2022

TiO2 nanoparticles can improve the electrical performance of oil paper insulation. In this study, 10 nm TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared and dispersed into transformer oil, and then immerse pressboards in it to obtain nanofluid impregnated pressboards (NP). Its thermal aging was accelerated together with the reference sample at 130°C for 36 days. Analyzing the acid value in the oil, polymerization degree, surface topography, AC breakdown strength, surface flashover characteristics and surface potential decay characteristics. It was observed that TiO2 nanoparticles can reduce the acid value and improve AC breakdown strength of oil. However, the degree of polymerization and surface appearance of NP and oil impregnated pressboards (OP) during thermal aging did not differ significantly. During the aging process, the energy level of pressboard surface traps shifted first towards the shallow and then gradually towards the deep. During all the aging stages, the surface flashover voltage of NP was always higher or close to that of OP. The mechanism of TiO2 nanoparticles improving the breakdown and surface flashover characteristics of oil–paper insulation during thermal aging is discussed from the perspective of water molecules and aging by‐products adsorption and introduction of shallow traps by nanoparticles.
Diabetes prediction using machine learning and explainable AI techniques
Authors: Tasin Isfafuzzaman , Nabil Tansin Ullah , Islam Sanjida , Khan Riasat
Published: December 2022

Globally, diabetes affects 537 million people, making it the deadliest and the most common non‐communicable disease. Many factors can cause a person to get affected by diabetes, like excessive body weight, abnormal cholesterol level, family history, physical inactivity, bad food habit etc. Increased urination is one of the most common symptoms of this disease. People with diabetes for a long time can get several complications like heart disorder, kidney disease, nerve damage, diabetic retinopathy etc. But its risk can be reduced if it is predicted early. In this paper, an automatic diabetes prediction system has been developed using a private dataset of female patients in Bangladesh and various machine learning techniques. The authors used the Pima Indian diabetes dataset and collected additional samples from 203 individuals from a local textile factory in Bangladesh. Feature selection algorithm mutual information has been applied in this work. A semi‐supervised model with extreme gradient boosting has been utilized to predict the insulin features of the private dataset. SMOTE and ADASYN approaches have been employed to manage the class imbalance problem. The authors used machine learning classification methods, that is, decision tree, SVM, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, KNN, and various ensemble techniques, to determine which algorithm produces the best prediction results. After training on and testing all the classification models, the proposed system provided the best result in the XGBoost classifier with the ADASYN approach with 81% accuracy, 0.81 F1 coefficient and AUC of 0.84. Furthermore, the domain adaptation method has been implemented to demonstrate the versatility of the proposed system. The explainable AI approach with LIME and SHAP frameworks is implemented to understand how the model predicts the final results. Finally, a website framework and an Android smartphone application have been developed to input various features and predict diabetes instantaneously. The private dataset of female Bangladeshi patients and programming codes are available at the following link: https://github.com/tansin-nabil/Diabetes-Prediction-Using-Machine-Learning.
Single‐phase common ground type 5L inverter with reduced capacitor voltage stress for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Pandurangan Gopinath Narayanan , Krishnasamy Vijayakumar , Ali Jagabar Sathik Mohamed , Mahmood Farhad Muhsin , Almakhles Dhafer
Published: December 2022

In recent years, common ground (CG)‐type transformerless (TL) inverters have been paid more attention. However, the existing topologies have more voltage stress on either switch or on capacitor voltage or in both. This article proposes a novel five‐level TL inverter topology with a CG type and a voltage stress reduction on power components. The proposed topology offers less component count and a simple structure. Here, the quasi‐soft charging (QSC) technique is proposed to minimize the high charging current during the capacitor charge. Since the proposed topology is the family of switched capacitors (SC), the determination of SC and QSC is presented. A detailed comparison of the proposed topology with other recent five‐level topologies is presented, and the proposed topology's advantage is highlighted. Further, the performance of the proposed topology is verified in simulation software and verified in a scale‐down hardware setup developed for 400 W. The various experimental results are presented to ensure the feasibility of the proposed topology.
An experimental realization of improved grid integrated multilevel inverter based PV systems with MPPT
Authors: Priyadarshi Neeraj , Bhaskar Mahajan Sagar , Hussien Mohamed G. , Khan Baseem , Hassan Abd El‐Wahab
Published: December 2022

This research work explains a sliding mode controller‐based multilevel inverter for grid integrated photovoltaic power structure. A gravitational search algorithm based on maximum power point tracking has also been discussed for optimal photovoltaic power achievement. Moreover, a two‐stage cascaded interleaved boost converter has been employed, which provides minimised voltage/current ripple, higher current/power density, better efficacy, faster response, and reduced electromagnetic interference as major benefits. The multilevel inverter's proposed constant frequency‐based sliding mode controller provides better transient responses, high photovoltaic power tracking, and good robust behaviour under changing operating conditions. The proposed sliding mode controller has a fixed frequency operation and has low reactivity to parameter divergence. The proposed multilevel diode clamped inverter for grid integrated photovoltaic system provides a reduced number of components and a power rating. The gravitational search algorithm‐based swarm technique as a maximum power point tracking provides high convergence velocity, better accuracy, and good local search capability. The experimentation was carried out to implement control algorithms using the dSPACE platform. The designed multilevel inverter system with proposed control provides average 89.2% inverter efficiency under variation of sun insolations.
The outburst of the changing-look AGN IRAS 23226-3843 in 2019
Authors: Kollatschny W. , Grupe D. , Parker M. L. , Ochmann M. W. , Schartel N. , Romero-Colmenero E. , Winkler H. , Komossa S. , Famula P. , Probst M. A. , Santos-Lleo M.
Published: December 2022

Aims. IRAS 23226-3843 has previously been classified as a changing-look active galactic nucleus (AGN) based on observations taken in the 1990s in comparison to X-ray data (Swift, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR) and optical spectra taken after a very strong X-ray decline in 2017. In 2019, Swift observations revealed a strong rebrightening in X-ray and UV fluxes. We aimed to study this outburst in greater detail.

Methods. We took follow-up Swift, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR observations of IRAS 23226-3843 together with optical spectra (SALT and SAAO 1.9 m telescope) from 2019 until 2021.

Results. IRAS 23226-3843 showed a strong X-ray and optical outburst in 2019. It varied in the X-ray continuum by a factor of 5 and in the optical continuum by a factor of 1.6 within two months. This corresponds to a factor of 3 after correction for the host galaxy contribution. The Balmer and Fe II emission-line intensities showed comparable variability amplitudes during the outburst in 2019. The Hα emission-line profiles of IRAS 23226-3843 changed from a blue-peaked profile in the years 1997 and 1999 to a broad double-peaked profile in 2017 and 2019. However, there were no major profile variations in the extremely broad double-peaked profiles despite the strong intensity variations in 2019. One year after the outburst, IRAS 23226-3843 changed its optical spectral type and became a Seyfert type 2 object in 2020. Blue outflow components are present in the optical Balmer lines and in the Fe band in the X-rays. A deep broadband XMM-Newton/NuSTAR spectrum was taken during IRAS 23226-3843’s maximum state in 2019. This spectrum is qualitatively very similar to a spectrum taken in 2017, but by a factor of 10 higher. The soft X-ray band appears featureless. The soft excess is well modeled with a Comptonization model. A broadband fit with a power-law continuum, Comptonized soft excess, and Galactic absorption gives a good fit to the combined EPIC-pn and NuSTAR spectrum. In addition, we see a complex and broadened Fe K emission-line profile in the X-rays. The changing-look character in IRAS 23226-3843 is most probably caused by changes in the accretion rate – based on the short-term variations on timescales of weeks to months.
Clouds form on the hot Saturn JWST ERO target WASP-96b
Authors: Samra D. , Helling Ch. , Chubb K. L. , Min M. , Carone L. , Schneider A. D.
Published: December 2022

Context. WASP-96b is a hot Saturn exoplanet, with an equilibrium temperature of ≈1300 K. This is well within the regime of thermo-dynamically expected extensive cloud formation. Prior observations with Hubble/WFC3, Spitzer/IRAC, and VLT/FORS2 have been combined into a single spectrum for which retrievals suggest a cold but cloud-free atmosphere. Recently, the planet was observed with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) as part of the Early Release Observations (ERO).

Aims. The formation of clouds in the atmosphere of exoplanet WASP-96b is explored.

Methods. One-dimensional profiles were extracted from the 3D GCM expeRT/MITgcm results and used as input for a kinetic, non-equilibrium model to study the formation of mineral cloud particles of mixed composition. The ARCiS retrieval framework was applied to the pre-JWST WASP-96b transit spectrum to investigate the apparent contradiction between cloudy models and assumed cloud-free transit spectrum.

Results. Clouds are predicted to be ubiquitous throughout the atmosphere of WASP-96b. Silicate materials contribute between 40% and 90% cloud particle volume, which means that metal oxides also contribute with up to 40% cloud particle volume in the low-pressure regimes that affect spectra. We explore how these cloudy models match currently available transit spectra. Reduced vertical mixing acts to settle clouds to deeper in the atmosphere, and an increased cloud particle porosity reduces the opacity of clouds in the near-IR and optical region. These two effects allow for clearer molecular features to be observed while still allowing clouds to be in the atmosphere.

Conclusions. The atmosphere of WASP-96b is unlikely to be cloud free. Retrievals of HST, Spitzer, and VLT spectra also show that multiple cloudy solutions reproduce the data. JWST observations will be affected by clouds, where the cloud top pressure varies by an order of magnitude within even the NIRISS wavelength range. The long-wavelength end of NIRSpec and the short-wavelength end of MIRI may probe atmospheric asymmetries between the limbs of the terminator on WASP-96b.
Diagnostik von Nierenerkrankungen bei Europäischen Landschildkröten (Testudo spp.)
Authors: Lehmann Verena , Kölle Petra
Published: December 2022

Die Diagnostik einer Nierenerkrankung bei Landschildkröten ist nur anhand der klinischen Allgemeinuntersuchung durch die Ausbildung von unspezifischen Krankheitssymptomen nur sehr eingeschränkt möglich und es bedarf umfangreicher zusätzlicher Untersuchungen, um die Diagnose abzusichern. Neben Blut- und Urinuntersuchung eignen sich bildgebende Verfahren wie Röntgen, Computertomographie und MRT zur Darstellung des Skelett- und Organsystems, während im Rahmen einer endoskopischen Untersuchung zusätzlich Proben entnommen werden können. Es zeigen sich artspezifisch deutliche Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Referenzwerte der Laborparameter, die teils erheblich durch Umwelteinflüsse, die Jahreszeiten oder auch das Geschlecht beeinflusst werden. Auch lässt sich feststellen, dass beispielsweise Nierenerkrankungen bei in Menschenobhut gehaltenen Landschildkröten bei Diagnosestellung meist sehr weit fortgeschrittenen sind, da diese Tiere, wie Reptilien generell, erst sehr spät im Krankheitsverlauf klinische Symptome zeigen. Jährliche Kontrollen bei einem auf Reptilien spezialisierten Tierarzt können dazu beitragen, Erkrankungen frühzeitig zu erkennen.
Arteriosklerose und Knochendichte – Arterielle Kalzifikationen in der hochauflösenden, peripheren quantitativen Computertomographie
Authors: Bartosik Mikolaj , Schmidt Felix N
Published: December 2022

Aufgrund der Gemeinsamkeit eines mineralisierten Gewebes sowohl im Falle des Knochens (mineralisiertes Osteoid) als auch bei Arteriosklerose (Mineralisation im Bereich des Endothels bei chronischer Entzündungsreaktion) und verwandter biochemischer Mechanismen wird seit geraumer Zeit ein Zusammenhang zwischen Arteriosklerose und der Knochenstruktur und -mineralisation vermutet. Eine abnehmende Knochendichte in der Knochendichtemessung (DXA) konnte parallel zu einem gehäuften Auftreten einer Arteriosklerose gezeigt werden, eine Kausalität konnte bis heute nicht geklärt werden. Die hochauflösende, periphere, quantitative Computertomographie (HR-pQCT) bietet die Möglichkeit die Kalzifikation der Arterien der unteren Extremität im Scanvolumen zu detektieren und quantifizieren. Hierbei treten Gefäßkalzifikationen nebenbefundlich in Abhängigkeit der Grunderkrankung bei 32,6% der Patienten ohne Grunderkrankung auf. Bei weiblichen Patient:innen ohne Grunderkrankung konnte im Gegensatz zu Männern eine gleichzeitige Abnahme einzelner kortikaler und trabekulärer HR-pQCT-Parameter bei vermehrtem Auftreten einer LLAC beobachtet werden. Bei einer CKD lässt sich parallel zum vermehrten Auftreten einer LLAC ein kortikales Knochenstrukturverlustsyndrom feststellen, wobei CKD-Patienten mit LLAC signifikant geminderte Werte im Vergleich zu CKD-Patienten ohne LLAC aufwiesen. Auch beim Hypoparathyreoidismus zeigen sich eine Häufung der LLAC im HR-pQCT im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe. Somit zeigt sich der Einfluss einer Dysbalance der Calciumhomöostase auf die Mineralisation beider Gewebe und unterstreicht die hohe Bedeutung einer Balancierung der Calciumhomöostase. Dieser Artikel stellt die bisherigen Erkenntnisse und Zusammenhänge der Arteriosklerose mit osteologischen Aspekten im Sinne der Knochenmikrostruktur und weiterer Parameter vor.
Zöliakie
Authors: Laaß Martin W.
Published: December 2022

Die Zöliakie kann sich beim Kleinkind klassisch mit einer chronischen Diarrhö, Zeichen der Malabsorption und einer Gedeihstörung manifestieren. Je älter die Betroffenen aber sind, um so unspezifischer und unbemerkbarer können die Symptome sein. Bei Verdacht auf eine Zöliakie werden primär die Gewebstransglutaminase-2 (TG2)-IgA-Antikörper und das Gesamt-IgA im Serum bestimmt. Bei erniedrigtem IgA im Serum sollte ein zöliakiespezifischer IgG-Antikörper angefordert werden. Wenn die Antikörper gegen TG2 erhöht sind, kann zur Diagnosesicherung eine Endoskopie mit mindestens 6 Biopsien aus allen Abschnitten des Duodenums notwendig sein. Für den Fall jedoch, dass die TG2-IgA-Antikörper über dem Zehnfachen des Testgrenzwertes gemessen wurden, kann angeboten werden, die Diagnose Zöliakie auch ohne histologische Sicherung zu stellen. Dafür müssen aber auch die Endomysium-IgA-Antikörper in einer zweiten Blutentnahme erhöht und ein Aufklärungsgespräch eines Kindergastroenterologen mit den Sorgeberechtigten und dem betroffenen Kind erfolgt sein. Eine lebenslange streng glutenfreie Diät ist nach wie vor die einzige und zugleich beste und wirksamste Therapie.
Vergleichende Langzeitergebnisse zwischen Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy und Modified Maquet Procedure nach Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbandes beim Hund
Authors: Trillig Lukas , Eberle Daniela , Reese Sven , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea
Published: December 2022

Gegenstand und Ziel Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Modified Maquet Procedure (MMP) mit der Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) anhand von Langzeitkontrollen über ein Jahr (∅ 3,15 Jahre) mittels klinischer Untersuchung, röntgenologischer Beurteilung der Arthroseprogression und Ganganalyse durch Laufbanduntersuchung zu vergleichen. Zusätzliches Ziel ist es, den Einfluss der Erfahrung der Chirurgen bei der TPLO-Technik zu überprüfen.

Material und Methoden Bei dieser klinischen Studie wurden 67 Kniegelenke von 50 Hunden verschiedener Rassen zwischen 20 und 40 Kilogramm Körpergewicht einbezogen, die mittels TPLO beziehungsweise MMP (n = 19) nach Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbandes operiert wurden. Die TPLO-Gruppe unterteilte sich in eine Gruppe, welche von 2 erfahrenen Chirurgen (TPLO1, n = 25) operiert wurde und eine zweite Gruppe, die von mehreren Chirurgen unterschiedlicher Erfahrung (TPLO2, n = 23) versorgt wurden. Die Hunde wurden nach mindestens über einem Jahr (3,15 ± 1,21 Jahre) postoperativ orthopädisch, röntgenologisch und ganganalytisch uni- und bilateral getrennt untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden die Daten der Ganganalyse mit einer orthopädisch gesunden Kontrollgruppe verglichen.

Ergebnisse Bei der orthopädischen Untersuchung wurden keine signifikanten und klinisch relevanten Unterschiede zwischen den 3 Gruppen festgestellt.

Die Arthroseprogression zeigte in allen 3 OP-Gruppen ähnliche Werte, wobei die der TPLO2-Gruppe durchschnittlich pro Jahr gerechnet signifikant etwas geringer war als die der TPLO1- und der MMP-Gruppe.

Die ganganalytische Untersuchung im Schritt konnte vor allem im Vergleich mit der gesunden Kontrollgruppe signifikante Unterschiede bei bilateralen Rupturen für die Peak Vertical Force und den Vertical Impulse zeigen. Die Standphasendauer wies keine signifikanten Unterschiede auf. Im Trab konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den 3 OP-Gruppen festgestellt werden.

Schlussfolgerung Beide Operationstechniken erzielten in den 3 Gruppen bei den Langzeitkontrollen gute klinische, radiologische und ganganalytische Ergebnisse auch im Vergleich mit einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe.

Klinische Relevanz Die MMP kann als schnell durchführbare Alternative zur etablierten TPLO mit ebenfalls guten Ergebnissen beim Hund angesehen werden. Die Erfahrung des Chirurgen scheint keinen Einfluss auf das Ergebnis zu haben.