bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation on high-shear and low-pressure grinding with CBN liquid-body-armor-like wheel for Inconel718
Authors: Liu Bing , Tian Yebing , Han Jinguo , Wang Jinling , Zhang Guoyu , Gu Zhiqiang
Published: June 2023

In this study, a CBN liquid-body-armor-like grinding wheel was developed for high-shear and low-pressure (HSLP) grinding of Inconel718 alloy. The material removal mechanism of the novel CBN liquid-body-armor-like wheel was introduced in detail. Particle clustering effect of the new wheel was studied via the finite element method. A series of grinding tests were carried out to investigate the grinding performance under the various conditions. It was shown that the surface roughness Ra of the ground workpiece decreased from initial 0.3 to 0.094 μm. Simultaneously, the specific material removal rate of 1.069 × 105 μm3/mm·s was attained. The power spectral density function (PSDF) was employed to reveal the percentage of waviness and roughness of the surface profile, which was mainly concentrated in 0–40k Hz as compared with 60–120k Hz before grinding. It indicated that particle clustering effect was generated in the grinding zone. Besides, the maximum peak amplitude of the cross-correlation function coefficient of the ground workpiece surfaces before and after grinding was less than 0.3. The original scratches were completely removed. New and smooth textures generated after grinding. The experimental results demonstrated that the newly developed CBN liquid-body-armor-like grinding wheel was effective for surface finishing of the Inconel718 workpiece.
Study of electrical pulse heat assisted cutting of titanium alloy TC21 based on the finite element method
Authors: Ke Chunsong , Qian Xiaohua , Zhang Lei
Published: June 2023

Titanium alloys are widely used in various fields because of their high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and high heat resistance. As a new advanced titanium alloy for aviation, TC21 titanium alloy has high strength and poor machinability. It is of great significance to study the cutting mechanism of this alloy and the methods to improve the machinability of aircraft. In this paper, aiming at the difficult machinability of titanium alloy TC21, EPH online heating assisted cutting method is put forward for the first time. During the cutting experiment, the TC21 alloy sample was heated to a variety of temperatures through the electric pulse thermal heat technique. Chip shape and cutting force under different heating temperatures were obtained by cutting experiments. In order to study the influence of the heat-assisted cutting process on the machining of TC21 alloy, the orthogonal finite element model was proposed to simulate the heat-assisted cutting process of TC21 alloy. Through this simulation, chip formation, cutting force, and cutting temperature variation were all obtained. The chip formed by the simulation was in accordance with the actual chip. The results demonstrate that the influence of heat-assisted machining on chip morphology of titanium alloy is relatively small, but it has a significant influence on cutting force and surface roughness. The results show that when the sample is heated to 600°C, the surface quality is the best and cutting force can be reduced by more than 40%.
Investigating the effect of rail profile deviation on hunting instability of high-speed railway vehicle under multi-parameter coupling
Authors: Hou Maorui , Yang Guang , Chen Bingzhi , Liu Fengshou , Wang Nashuyuan
Published: June 2023

Small changes to wheel-rail profiles can have a significant impact on the equivalent conicity and vehicle dynamics. Previous research has focused mostly on worn wheels, however, with little attention to different types of rail profile deviation and their influences on vehicle dynamics. Therefore, the specific objective of this paper is to investigate the individual and combined influences of various rail profiles and multi-parameter couplings on the hunting instability of railway vehicles. This paper first obtains the distribution law of rail profile deviation from a statistical analysis of several rail profiles with long-term measurements. Then, the equivalent conicity of rail profiles that match the studied wheel profiles, gauges and wheelback distances is compared. The dynamic model for the vehicle has been established. Finally, the measured rail profiles and wheel profiles, as well as the combinations of the gauges, wheelback distances, friction coefficients and key suspension characteristics are integrated into the simulation model to analyze the atypical phenomenon of the carbody hunting and the bogie hunting. According to the findings, rail profile deviation has a significant impact on equivalent conicity and the evaluation of vehicle stability when subjected to multi-parameter coupling, particularly for worn wheels. Therefore, strict limits of rail profile deviation have to be considered in track maintenance for vehicles running at speeds of 300 km/h or higher.
Withania somnifera Alter BCL2/Bax signaling and trigger apoptosis of MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells exposed to γ-radiation
Authors: Maarouf Rokaya E , Azab Khaled Shaaban , El Fatih Neama M , Helal Hamed , Rashed Laila
Published: June 2023

Treatment strategies encompass synchronization of more than one therapy with specific dependence on zeroing side effects of natural products that might represent a niche in the continuous struggle against cancer. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the role of Withania somnifera; WS (Ashwagandha) in forcing MCF7 or MDA-MB 231 irradiated breast cancer cells to outweigh the route of programmed cell death. We check to what extent SIRT1-BCL2/Bax signaling pathway was interrelated to form apoptotic cancer cells. MDA or MCF7 cells are categorized into four groups: gp1, Control (C): MDA-MB-231 or MCF7 cells not treated with WS or exposed to γ-rays, gp2 (WS): cells challenged with WS for MDA-MB-231 or MCF7 cells respectively, gp3: irradiated (R) MDA-MB-231 or MCF7 cells exposed to γ-rays (4 Gy; one shot) and gp4 WS and irradiated (WS + R): cells challenged with WS as in gp2 and exposed to gamma rays as in gp3. The results revealed that, WS established IC50 equivalent to 4897.8 μg/ml in MDA-MB-231 cells or equivalent to 3801.9 μg/ml in MCF7 cells. The flowcytometric analysis (Annexin V and cell cycle) showed that WS induces apoptosis at pre-G phase and induces cell arrest at G2/M and preG1 phases for MDA-MB-231 and at the preG1 for MCF7 cells. Furthermore, the WS + R group of cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7) showed significant increases in the expression of SIRT1, and BCL2 and a decrease in BAX compared with WS or R group. It could be concluded that WS has an anti-proliferative action on MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells because of its capability to enhance apoptosis.
When Do Personal Factors Make Autonomy Motivational Orientation Worthwhile? A Case of Turnover Intentions
Authors: Senapaty Saidatt , Venugopal Pulidindi
Published: June 2023

Several meta-analytic studies suggest that individual and contextual factors determine employees’ workplace quitting intentions. Autonomy motivational orientation as an individual factor has many beneficial outcomes, including a reduction in employee turnover intention. However, the studies in this area suggest that the influence is indirect. Grounded in self-determination theory and career stage theory, we hypothesize that the influence of employees’ autonomy motivational disposition on quitting intention is contingent on the level of employees’ age. Results of data collected from 340 engineers, marketing and service personnel from a large public sector undertaking supported our hypothesized model. Employees with high autonomy motivational disposition show less intention to leave the organization when they grow old than young. We conclude by discussing that employees behave for autonomous reasons and show greater organizational identity and less quitting intention with growing age.
The Leader Medical Audit in Hospital Routine Resource
Authors: de Paula Rita de Cássia Cerqueira , Rached Chennyfer Dobbins Abi , De Liberal Márcia Mello Costa
Published: June 2023

The 2017 annual review in several health sectors highlighted the importance of medical auditing, based on the analysis of accounts, extensions with pertinent discussions between external and internal auditor, concurrent audit, using medicine based on evidence to reduce costs and guarantee the quality of services provided. The article is justified by the scarcity of academic studies that link Health Economics with the implementation of internal audits, as it is a subject little explored by scientific research yet. The study consists in bibliographic research on the most recent publications that address the theoretical and practical concepts related to the implementation of Strategic Sourcing programs in the field of health in large hospitals of high and medium complexity. It is necessary to define the role of the health auditor as the professional who will help managers to see the medical bill based on the value in health and not only in the cut in hospital expenses. Studies of the possible outcomes aimed at comprehensive health care, auditors are required to control costs. This information helps in the search for the most effective way to meet specific needs in terms of service, focusing on maximising human and material resources available.
An Experimental Approach to Measure the Impact of Musical Logos on Brand Equity
Authors: Sharma Eliza , Mahendran Sathish , Balasudarsun N. L.
Published: June 2023

Using musical logos (MLs; jingles) for brand promotion is a time-tested marketing strategy to develop brand recognition and aid memorability among consumers. The researchers adopted an experimental approach to measure the impact of MLs on brand equity (BE) for the Fast Moving Consumable Goods (FMCG) companies. The study is based on empirical evidence collected through an online survey featuring audio media circulated through referrals among ( n = 632) end consumers of 25 popular brands of FMCG companies in India. Correlation and regression analysis were used to measure the cause-and-effect relationship between MLs and BE by developing brand awareness (BAW) and creating favourable brand associations (BASs). The results of the study reflect that consumers showed high BAW and positive associations regarding FMCG brands, which employed MLs in their promotions. It can be stated that there exists a positive relationship between the use of MLs and generation of BE. The study offers further suggestions to effectively utilize the potential of MLs in business.
Serum Zinc Levels in Preterm Newborns and its Relation with Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Mishra Sukriti , Shrivastava Neha , Agrawal Amit , Shrivastava Jyotsna
Published: June 2023

Background

With the increased survival of preterm babies, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has become the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness. It is caused by oxidative damage to the immature retina and zinc may help in the prevention of ROP owing to its antioxidant properties.

Objective

To measure serum zinc levels in preterm neonates and study its association with the development of ROP.

Methods

A total of 360 preterm neonates of gestational age between 28 completed weeks to <37 weeks were included in this observational cross-sectional study. Serum zinc levels of the neonates aging <24 hours of life were measured at the time of admission in NICU by spectrophotometry. Taking the reference range of serum zinc levels between 70 to 150 mcg/dL babies were arbitrarily divided into 2 groups (<70 and >70 mcg/dL). ROP screening was done at appropriate postnatal age by indirect ophthalmoscopy. The results were analyzed by the SPSS software version.

Results

The mean serum zinc level was 114.99±54.47 mcg/dL. The overall prevalence of ROP was 26%; of which, 10% of neonates had severe ROP (≥stage 3). A significant association was found between gestational age and birth weight with ROP. Oxygen supplementation, respiratory distress syndrome, surfactant use, antibiotic use >7 days, and low serum zinc levels (<70 mcg/dL) were significant risk factors on univariate analysis and after multivariate analysis, gestational age, surfactant use, and low serum zinc levels (<70 mcg/dL) came out to be independent risk factors for ROP.

Conclusion

There was a statistically significant association of low serum zinc levels with the development of ROP and it was independent of other risk factors associated with ROP.
Epidemiologic Characteristics, Time Trend, and Seasonality of Orofacial Clefts in São Paulo State, Brazil. 2008-2019
Authors: Calderon Mauricio Giusti , Simoni Victoria Caleffi Oliveira , Ferreira Brunna Gonçalves de Souza , de Moraes Adonis Florença , Gomes Mariana Araújo , Hatakeyama Vivian Sumie , Santos Edige Felipe de Sousa
Published: June 2023

Objective

To characterize the epidemiology, identify trends in prevalence, seasonality, and risk factors for orofacial clefts (OFC), selecting the São Paulo state (SPS) population database.

Design

A population-based study to estimate the OFC prevalence trends in recent years, stratified by maternal age and SPS geographical clusters.

Setting

All live births (LB) with OFC in SPS from 2008-2019.

Patients

5342 cases of OFC among 7 301 636 LB.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main outcome measures

OFC prevalence trends, annual percent change (APC) with a 95% confidence interval, and seasonality.

Results

We found an OFC prevalence of 7.3/10 000LB in SPS, Brazil. Among all the cases, the majority were male (57.1%), Caucasian (65.4%), 77.8% born at term, 75.8% weight >2500 g, 97.1% singleton, and 63.9% of births were by cesarean section. From 2008-2019, SPS presented a stationary OFC prevalence trend; in São Paulo city, the highest APC was observed (0.05%); the maternal age group with the highest OFC prevalence rate was ≥35 years (9.2/10 000LB). We identified the existence of seasonal variation based on the conception date in the final months of the year, corresponding to the spring season ( P < .001).

Conclusion

OFC had a stationary prevalence trend in recent years, with the highest prevalence in the Central North Cluster and ≥35 years maternal age group. Seasonality was observed in the spring season, and congenital malformation of lips was the most common associated pathology. This population-based study is the first to summarize the current epidemiology of OFC in SPS.
Perspectives of Black Students in Music Education Doctoral Programs: Motivations, Experiences, and Information Literacy
Authors: Hanson Josef , Roberts Joel
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of Black doctoral students in music education in terms of their motivations to pursue doctoral studies, educational and social experiences while enrolled, and emerging information literacy. Qualitative techniques based on phenomenology were employed to document and better understand the experience of a small, purposive sample of Black doctoral students ( n = 14) enrolled at universities throughout the United States. A variety of techniques ensured trustworthiness, including data triangulation, member checking, and use of an external interviewer. After data analysis, four core essences emerged: (a) Familial support and formative experiences during childhood, (b) Overload of information and frustration in conducting research, (c) Prejudice and lack of Black representation in the academy, and (d) Change-oriented motivations beset by barriers to access. Findings revealed commonalities in participants’ lived experiences that could inform efforts to recruit and retain Black doctoral students, develop curricula that takes into account their experiences and goals, stem systemic racism, and promote equity and inclusion in the academy.
Are Gritty Leaders Happier or Unhappier? It Depends on How Prudent They are
Authors: Rego Arménio , Bluhm Dustin J. , Valverde Camilo , Cunha Miguel Pina e
Published: June 2023

Grit in leaders (and, in general, all employees) typically results in greater success and well-being but also has potential downsides. We propose that gritty leaders also need to be prudent or they may spend excessive time and resources at work, leading to greater work-to-family conflict and, as a result, lower well-being. Findings of two studies support this reasoning. Grittier and imprudent leaders experience greater work-to-family conflict and lower affective well-being, whereas grittier and prudent leaders experience lower work-to-family conflict and greater affective well-being. We therefore conclude that the agentic resource of grit in leaders may be either positively or negatively related to their affective well-being depending on their prudence. Considering that work-to-family conflict and affective well-being are important for the leader’s health and performance, which in turn may influence team/organizational performance, our study contributes to a better understanding of the routes leading to better leadership and team/organizational functioning.
Histopathological Analysis in Testicular Tumors: 10 Years of Experience
Authors: Kılınç Fahriye , Tas Ayçiçek Seda , Esen Hacı Hasan
Published: June 2023

Introduction. This study aims to review the morphological and immunohistochemical features of testicular tumors and compare them with prognostic parameters. Methods. Testicular tumors diagnosed between January 2011 and September 2021 were reviewed. Patient age, tumor subtype, size, spread, lateralization, number of foci, and immunohistochemical results were recorded. Results. A total of 121 tumors were detected, of which 108 (89%) were germ cell tumors (GCTs). Of the germ cell tumors, 70 (65%) were found to be pure type, and 38 (35%) were mixed germ cell tumors. The ratio of pure seminoma among GCTs was 56/108 (52%). Lymphatic/vascular invasion (LVI) was detected in 48/121 (40%), rete testis invasion in 32/121 (26%), hilar soft tissue invasion in 10/121 (8%), epididymal invasion in 5/121 (4%), and spermatic cord invasion in 5/121 (4%) patients. Lymphatic/vascular invasion was observed in 6 (22%) of 27 germ cell tumors smaller than 3 cm in size, and rete testis invasion was observed in 2 (7%), while in 40 (55%) of the 73 germ cell tumors of 3 cm and above, lymphatic/vascular invasion was seen, and 26 (36%) of them had rete testis invasion. Immunohistochemical results contributed significantly to the determination of tumor components and rates, especially in mixed germ cell tumors. Conclusion. Most of the tumors were germ cell tumors, and the majority were seminomas. Lymphatic/vascular invasion and rete testis invasion rates increase as the tumor diameter increases, which is more evident when the 3 cm cut-off value is taken into account ( P < 0.005).
Game-based learning as training to use a chemotherapy preparation robot
Authors: Garnier Alexandra , Bonnabry Pascal , Bouchoud Lucie
Published: June 2023

Introduction

In 2015, our university hospital pharmacy acquired the PharmaHelp robot system to automate part of its chemotherapy production. Complex technical use, downtime periods, and insufficient training caused a drop in motivation and disparities in operators’ knowledge. We created a short, playful, standardized, gamed-based training program to address this, and evaluated its impact.

Methods

Operators were classified as trainers or trainees according to their knowledge about Information and Communication Technologies. Before, after the training, and at 6 months (6M), their robot knowledge was assessed on a 0-24-scale, motivation and self-efficacy in using it on 0-to-100 scales. Pairwise comparison t-test with Bonferroni adjustment was used ( p < 0.05 considered significant). Satisfaction was measured using a six-point Likert scale. Trainer/trainee teams participated in 2-hour training sessions with three games and a debriefing. For “Knowing the manufacturing steps,” cards with the steps were placed in the correct order. For “Knowing the criteria for using the robot,” teams guessed whether certain compounds could be used with the robot. For “Knowing how to handle production errors,” the answer to each error (taken from real-life issues) was selected from four options.

Results

Participants ( n  =  14) were very satisfied about sessions’ interactivity and playfulness. Knowledge improved from 57% pretraining to 77% ( p < 0.005) to 76.6% (6M) ( p < 0.05 compared to pretraining). Motivation and self-efficacy, respectively, improved from 57.6% to 86.6% ( p < 0.05) to 70.4% (6M) and from 48.5% to 75.6% ( p < 0.05) to 60.2% (6M) ( p > 0.1 compared to pretraining) ( t-test).

Conclusions

This highly appreciated training program efficiently improved knowledge retention out to six months.
Can a Virtual Reality Training Scenario Elicit Similar Stress Response as a Realistic Scenario-Based Training Scenario?
Authors: Martaindale M. Hunter , Sandel William L. , Duron Aaron , McAllister Matthew J.
Published: June 2023

One key feature for scenario-based training is introducing stressful, realistic scenarios for trainees. Some law enforcement agencies have begun using virtual reality systems to provide scenario training for their officers. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess if a virtual reality training scenario can elicit a similar stress response as a realistic scenario-based training scenario. The independent groups quasi-experiment collected salivary markers of acute stress (α-amylase and secretory immunoglobulin A) prior to, and immediately following, either an in-person scenario-based training exercise (n=31) or a virtual reality scenario (n=27) based on the in-person exercise. Difference-in-difference and two-way ANOVA tests were performed. Overall, participants exposed to the virtual reality scenario experienced a similar stress response to the realistic in-person scenario-based training exercise. Implications for law enforcement agencies are discussed to hopefully move police training forward.
Medium-term outcomes of conventional versus short uncemented femoral stems for primary total hip arthroplasty in patients younger than 55 years
Authors: Diaz-Dilernia Fernando , Lucero Carlos , Slullitel Pablo A , Zanotti Gerardo , Comba Fernando , Piccaluga Francisco , Buttaro Martin
Published: June 2023

Background:

Short stems are designed with a bone preservation philosophy in mind. This study aims to compare the outcomes/complications and survival of a collarless fully hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated conventional tapered stem and a HA-coated partial neck-retaining uncemented short stem in patients ⩽55 years old at medium-term follow-up.

Methods:

We retrospectively studied 247 uncemented THAs operated between 2010 and 2014, comparing 146 patients treated with the fully HA-coated collarless stem (Group A) with 101 patients treated with a partial neck preserving, HA-coated short stem (Group B). 87 and 62 males were in groups A and B, respectively ( p  = 0.11). The mean age of the series was 46 years (17–55) ( p =0.16). The mean follow-up of groups A and B were 9.9 (7–12) years and 9.7 (7–12) years, respectively ( p =0.21).

Results:

Mean Harris Hip Score improved from 55 to 92 in group A ( p <0.001) and from 54 to 95 in group B ( p <0.001), without differences between groups. Mean femoral neck length preservation in groups A and B was 13.6 (0–28) mm and 26 (11–38) mm, respectively ( p =0.001). 13 (8.9%) and 1 (1%) patients in groups A and B presented postoperative complications, respectively ( p =0.008). The conventional stem group had more aseptic loosening (Group A 3.4% vs. Group B 0%, p =0.06) along with more Symptomatic radiolucent lines (Group A 3.4% vs. Group B 0%, p =0.06).

Conclusions:

Both conventional and short stems showed excellent implant survival rates and functional outcomes at a mean follow-up of 9.8 years. However, complications and radiolucent lines were more frequent with a collarless conventional-length stem. Bone preservation of the femoral neck and diaphysis may be preferred in active young patients.
Definition, Practice, Regulations, and Effects of Balance Billing: A Scoping Review
Authors: Viriyathorn Shaheda , Witthayapipopsakul Woranan , Kulthanmanusorn Anond , Rittimanomai Salisa , Khuntha Sarayuth , Patcharanarumol Walaiporn , Tangcharoensathien Viroj
Published: June 2023

Background:

Additional billing is commonly and legally practiced in some countries for patients covered by health insurance. However, knowledge and understanding of the additional billings are limited. This study reviews evidence on additional billing practices including definition, scope of practice, regulations and their effects on insured patients.

Methods:

A systematic search of the full-text papers that provided the details of balance billing for health services, written in English, and published between 2000 and 2021 was carried out in Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science. Articles were screened independently by at least 2 reviewers for eligibility. Thematic analysis was applied.

Results:

In total, 94 studies were selected for the final analysis. Most of the included articles (83%) reported findings from the United States (US). Numerous terms of additional billings were used across countries such as balance billing, surprise billing, extra billing, supplements and out-of-pocket (OOP) spending. The range of services incurred these additional bills also varied across countries, insurance plans, and healthcare facilities; the frequently reported were emergency services, surgeries, and specialist consultation. There were a few positive though more studies reported negative effects of the substantial additional bills which undermined universal health coverage (UHC) goals by causing financial hardship and reducing access to care. A range of government measures had been applied to mitigate these adverse effects, but some difficulties still exist.

Conclusion:

Additional billings varied in terms of terminology, definitions, practices, profiles, regulations, and outcomes. There were a set of policy tools aimed to control substantial billing to insured patients despite some limitations and challenges. Governments should apply multiple policy measures to improve financial risk protection to the insured population.
Social theory: Legacies and future directions – An interview with Gerard Delanty
Authors: Delanty Gerard , Chernilo Interviewed by Daniel , Mascareño Aldo
Published: June 2023

This is an interview with Gerard Delanty. It discusses his intellectual trajectory and involvement in social theory and in particular explores his approach to critical theory. The interview also focuses on his editorship of the European Journal of Social Theory, now celebrating its 25th anniversary and the 100th issue
Strategic entrepreneurship: Mapping the field and charting a path for future research
Authors: Costa Natália , Ferreira João J , Jayantilal Shital
Published: June 2023

Despite its growing relevance, research on strategic entrepreneurship has been dispersed and fragmented. This study attempts to fill this gap and analyze the state-of-the-art of strategic entrepreneurship, identifying, and systematizing the main themes found in the literature and pointing to future research paths that researchers in the future can explore. To build a solid foundation and facilitate the development of this field, we reviewed and synthesized 85 key articles published to date with resources on bibliometric techniques. Our study provides a comprehensive field mapping and grouping of the literature into four main themes: entrepreneurship and strategic management, entrepreneurial orientation, corporate entrepreneurship, and exploitation and exploration. In addition, we identify key research gaps and promising areas for future research.
Multi-injection investigation of a high-volatility diesel in advanced compression ignition combustion for NOx control
Authors: Dal Forno Chuahy Flavio
Published: June 2023

Traditional selective catalytic reduction aftertreatment technologies used to reduce [Formula: see text] are very limited at exhaust temperatures below [Formula: see text]. Therefore, under these low engine load conditions, having effective in-cylinder control of [Formula: see text] emissions is important. Previous work by the authors explored the effect of fuel physical properties on the ability to control [Formula: see text] in-cylinder. That work was limited to one direct injection near top dead center. Modern diesel high-pressure fuel systems have the capability of five or more injections in one engine cycle. A higher-volatility diesel fuel and high amounts of exhaust gas recirculation to delay ignition could provide an opportunity for reduction in engine-out [Formula: see text] through an increased level of fuel premixing. By appropriately timing multiple short injections, a more optimal distribution of fuel in-cylinder may be achieved, which could reduce [Formula: see text] while maintaining an efficient combustion phasing. A computational fluid dynamics model previously validated against experimental data was used to explore several injection strategies with increased levels of fuel premixing to assess the potential trade-offs between [Formula: see text] and CO/unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions and thus reduce reliance on the aftertreatment system for [Formula: see text] control. The results show that the devised injection strategies resulted in an increased level of fuel premixing. However, none of the attempted injection strategies resulted in significant [Formula: see text] reductions, and all strategies showed a significant increase in CO and UHC emissions.
Archaeologies of gender, kinship, and mobility in Southeast Brazil: genealogies of Tupiniquim women and the itinerancy of ceramic practices
Authors: Noelli Francisco Silva , Sallum Marianne , Peixoto Sílvia Alves
Published: June 2023

The Brazilian colonial context led the Tupiniquim, an Indigenous group, and the Portuguese, a colonizing group, from the São Vicente area to connect with two places in Rio de Janeiro. In this scenario emerges the genealogy of two Tupiniquim women of the 16th century from São Vicente, which allowed us to trace six generations of women who formed kinship relationships with Portuguese men. They moved to Rio de Janeiro to create the Cara de Cão fortification and Camorim sugar plantation. They were members of the communities that appropriated and transformed Portuguese coarse ware ceramics into what is now termed Paulistaware. This article shows a new understanding of the social role of Indigenous women and the entry of European men into symmetrical gender relations based on the logic of Tupiniquim social collaboration. Tupiniquim women initially produced Paulistaware before 1550. After 1600 these ceramics were also made and consumed by people from the African diaspora and others from outside, adding decorative elements found in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The intensive analysis of archival data breaks the traditional model of homogenization and Europeanization of historical processes and events, highlighting the itinerancy of practices and mobility of people.
Being happy. The role of personal value priorities in subjective well-being across European countries
Authors: Messner Wolfgang
Published: June 2023

The feeling of well-being differs across cultural contexts and can be understood from the perspective of personal value priorities. This study uses a multilevel model with a sample of 324,204 people from 31 European countries and shows that the values conformity, tradition, benevolence, self-direction, and hedonism exert a positive average influence, whereas universalism and power exert a negative average influence on subjective well-being. Comparing similar value-outcome relationships in multiple countries simultaneously reveals that the geographical boundaries of a country strongly influence the kind of role values play, with very different and sometimes opposing effects across countries. The study also considers how subjective well-being is related to the fit of personal value priorities with the prevailing values in the environment. While value incongruency is negatively related to well-being in Cyprus, Germany, Spain, Greece, Lithuania, and Ukraine, it has a positive effect in other countries in the eastern and northern parts of Europe.
Validation and expansion of a behavioral framework for dementia care partner resilience (CP-R)
Authors: Zhou Yuanjin , Hasdemir Dilara , Ishado Emily , Borson Soo , Sadak Tatiana
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives

Resilience – the ability to bounce back after a stressor - is a core component of successful family caregiving for people living with dementia. In this manuscript, we describe the preliminary empirical validation of a new behavioral framework developed from existing literature for assessing care partner resilience, CP-R, and propose its potential value for future research and clinical care.

Methods

We selected 27 dementia care partners who reported significant challenges prompted by a recent health crisis of their care recipient from three local university-affiliated hospitals in the United States. We conducted semi-structured interviews to elicit care partners’ accounts of what they did to address those challenges that helped them recover during and after the crisis. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using abductive thematic analysis.

Findings

When persons with dementia experienced health crises, care partners described various challenges in managing new and often complex health and care needs, navigating informal and formal care systems, balancing care responsibilities with other needs, and managing difficult emotions. We identified five resilience-related behavioral domains, including problem-response (problem-solving, -distancing, -accepting, and -observing), help-related (help-seeking, -receiving, and -disengaging), self-growth (self-care activities, spiritual-related activities, and developing and maintaining meaningful relationships), compassion-related (self-sacrifice and relational compassion behaviors), and learning-related (learning from others and reflecting).

Discussions and implications

Findings support and expand the multidimensional CP-R behavior framework for understanding dementia care partner resilience. CP-R could guide the systematic measurement of dementia care partners’ resilience-related behaviors, support individual tailoring of behavioral care plans, and inform the development of resilience-enhancing interventions.
Deterioration of pre-war and rehabilitation of post-war urbanscapes using generative adversarial networks
Authors: Çiçek Selen , Turhan Gozde Damla , Taşer Aybüke
Published: June 2023

The urban built environment of contemporary cities confronts a constant risk of deterioration due to natural or artificial reasons. Especially political aggression and war conflicts have significant destructive effects on architectural and cultural heritage buildings. The post-war urbanscapes demonstrate the striking effects of the armed conflicts during the hot war encounters. However, the residues of the urbanscapes become the actual indicators of damage and loss. Since today we can make future predictions using a variety of machine learning algorithms, it is possible to represent hybrid projections of urban heterotopias. In this context, this research proposes to explore dystopian post-war projections for modern cities based on their architectural styles and demonstrate the utopian scenarios of rehabilitation possibilities for the damaged urban built environment of post-war cities by using generative adversarial network (GAN) algorithms. Two primary datasets containing the post-war and pre-war building facades have been given as the input data for the CycleGAN and pix2pix GAN models. Thus, two different image-to-image GAN models have been compared regarding their ability to produce legible building facade projections in architectural features. Besides, the machine learning process results have been discussed in terms of cities’ utopian and dystopian future predictions, demonstrating the war conflicts’ immense effects on the built environment. Moreover, the immediate consequence of the destructive aggression on tangible and intangible architectural heritage would become visible to inhabitants and policymakers when the AI-generated rehabilitation potentials have been exposed.
Virtual Health Promotion Work–Integrated Learning Placements: A COVID-19 Consequence or Preparation for the Future?
Authors: Ostrognaj Teagan , Bristow Claire , Zandes Stavroula , Ilic Dragan , Howard Bethany
Published: June 2023

We explored student and industry supervisors’ experiences of virtual work-integrated learning (vWIL) health promotion placements during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a descriptive phenomenological qualitative methodology, we conducted semi-structured interviews with eight students and eight supervisors of undergraduate health promotion–related placements at community, not-for-profit and government organizations. We asked participants about the aspects of their placement they found most enjoyable and challenging, their preparation, workload, and thoughts on placement structure. We audio-recorded and had the interviews transcribed. Our thematic analyses revealed four key themes: (1) the impact of COVID-19 on work and study, (2) benefits of vWIL (real-world application and career clarification, transcending barriers and saving time, and feeling less intimidated), (3) challenges of vWIL (experiencing workplace culture, providing support and guidance to students, and relationship building), and (4) recommendations on the evolution of vWIL (increased preparation and consider a hybrid model). Our findings suggest that vWIL is a viable and sound mode of delivery for health promotion–related placements, particularly in situations that inhibit face-to-face learning. It has the capacity to enhance the work-readiness of health promotion graduates while adding flexibility to professional preparation workplace-based training programs, providing opportunity for capacity building locally across rural and remote areas, as well as globally. Future research should examine the effectiveness, practicality, and feasibility of implementing placements across different models including face-to-face, virtual and hybrid.
Comparison of the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Standard and Ultrasound-Assisted Thrombolysis for Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lin Jia-Ling , Chen I-Yen , Yang Po-Kai
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

Catheter-directed therapy has been increasingly used in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Whether ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis (USAT) is superior to standard catheter-directed thrombolysis (SCDT) remains unclear. This is a systemic review and meta-analysis of comparative trials on USAT and SCDT for PE to determine whether either modality yielded better clinical efficacy and safety.

Materials and Method:

Major databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science were searched through March 16, 2023. Studies that reported outcomes of SCDT and USAT for acute PE were included. Studies reported data on therapeutic efficacy (a reduction in the right ventricle [RV]/left ventricle [LV] ratio, a reduction in the systolic pulmonary artery pressure [mm Hg], change in Miller index, length of intensive care unit [ICU] and hospital stay) and safety outcomes (in-hospital mortality, overall and major bleeding events).

Results:

A total of 9 studies with 2610 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The analysis showed significantly greater improvement in the RV/LV ratio in the SCDT group than in the USAT group (mean difference [MD]: −0.155; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.249 to −0.006). No statistically significant differences were found between groups comparing change in systolic pulmonary artery pressure (MD: 0.592 mm Hg; 95% CI: −2.623 to 3.807), change in Miller index (MD: −4.1%; 95% CI: −9.5 to 1.3%), hospital stay (MD: 0.372 days; 95% CI: −0.972 to 1.717), and ICU stay (MD: −0.073.038 days; 95% CI: −1.184 to 1). No significant difference was noted in safety outcomes, including in-hospital mortality (pooled odds ratio: 0.984; 95% CI: 0.597 to 1.622), and major bleeding (pooled odds ratio: 1.162; 95% CI: 0.714 to 1.894).

Conclusions:

In our meta-analysis of observational and randomized studies, USAT is not superior to SCDT in patients with acute PE. INSPLAY registration number: INPLASY202240082.

Clinical Impact

This study compared SCDT and USAT in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. We found no additional benefit in PA pressure change, thrombus reduction, hospital stay, mortality and major bleeding rate. Additional study using consistent treatment protocol is necessary for further investigation.
Anticipation as Platform Power: The Temporal Structuring of Digital Everyday Life
Authors: Koivunen Anu , Nikunen Kaarina , Hokkanen Julius , Jaaksi Vilja , Lehtinen Vilma , Soronen Anne , Talvitie-Lamberg Karoliina , Valtonen Sanna
Published: June 2023

This article explores anticipation as a temporal structure in digital platforms. It contributes to the growing research of platformisation of everyday life by focusing on temporality as a central dimension of platform power, a key mechanism tying participants by structuring intimacies, socialities, and relations that platforms enable and engender. The article shows how the temporality of foreboding, prospecting and speculating about one’s own and other’s social media presence and actions permeates the user experience. Studying media diaries and interviews with participants from different social and occupational groups (politicians, actors, the unemployed, undocumented migrants), the article analyses anticipation as a structure of feeling, as time- and energy-consuming digital labor and as the embodiment of platform power’s mechanisms. While anticipation has previously been examined as operational logics of the platform economy, this article demonstrates how anticipation also concerns ordinary media users on the level of their everyday life worlds, experiences and practices.
Enhancing the quasi-static strength of prosthetic socket made from composite laminates via hybridisation: Experimental and numerical study
Authors: Dalfi Hussein Kommur , Ayad Rand , Shabeeb Khadhum , Jan Khayale , Conway Roy
Published: June 2023

This study aims to develop composite laminates for the manufacture of prosthesis socket with enhanced mechanical performance. Layered hybridisation of fabrics (i.e. glass, carbon, and Kevlar fabrics) is used to manufacture hybrid composite laminates by resin infusion via vacuum bagging method. The response of these materials to compression loading is investigated by using compression-loading testes and the load-bearing ability was examined by tensile strength tests. Moreover, finite element analysis has been carried out by using the Abaqus software to predict the compressive failure load and damage failure modes for all sockets samples. Experimental results revealed that the hybrid laminates exhibited more stability and higher absorbing energy compared to non-hybrid laminates during compressive loading tests. Furthermore, the hybridisation of fabrics layers can play key role for improving the tensile strength properties of hybrid composite laminates compared to composite laminates without hybridisation. The numerical simulation results of compressive failure load and damage failure modes are in accordance with experimental results qualitatively as well as quantitatively.
When Carotid Artery Stenosis Cause Posterior Fossa Infarct. An Unusual Case of Persistent Hypoglossal Artery
Authors: Shehab Maysam , Hoffmann Rotem Sivan , Granbichler Claudia , Haddad Menashe , Bachar Adi
Published: June 2023

Background

The primitive anastomosis between the carotid artery and the vertebrobasilar arteries usually regress, in rare cases they persist beyond fetal development and form vascular anomalies such as primitive persistent hypoglossal artery(PPHA), with prevalence of 0.02–0.1% in the general population.

Case Report

A 77-year-old female presented with aphasia, weakness of both legs and arms. Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) revealed subacute infarct in right pones, severe stenosis of the right internal carotid artery(RICA) and ipsilateral PPHA. We performed Right carotid artery stenting (CAS) using a distal filter into the PPHA to protect the posterior circulation, with good result.

Discussion

The posterior circulation was utterly dependent on the RICA, therefore, despite the general notion that carotid stenosis is usually associated with anterior circulation infarcts, in cases having vascular anomalies it may cause a posterior stroke. Carotid artery stenting offer a safe and simple solution, however the use of EPD requires special considerations regarding decision on the suitable protection technique and placement.

Conclusion

Neurological symptoms in the presence of carotid artery stenosis and PPHA can manifest as ischemia of the anterior and/or the posterior circulation. In our opinion, CAS gives a simple and safe treatment solution.
Playing with Character: A Framework of Characterization in Video Games
Authors: Vandewalle Alexander , Malliet Steven , Demoen Kristoffel
Published: June 2023

Characterization refers to the process of attributing character traits to narrative entities called ‘characters'. While there is a long tradition of characterization theory in literary studies, the topic has not been examined extensively in game research. Based on insights from literary, film, and game studies, this article creates a theoretical model of how ‘character,' or character traits, can be attributed in video games, and offers a methodological vocabulary for further character(ization) research. First, this paper synthesizes the tradition of characterization research in literary studies. Second, it identifies three participants in video game characterization (developers, actors, and players) and introduces the concept of ergodic characterization to describe those instances in which players produce nontrivial characterization efforts. Finally, the framework itself is presented through application to various game titles, and several answers to methodological problems within game characterization analysis are suggested.
Monkeypox Presenting as a Hand Consult in the Emergency Department: Two Case Reports
Authors: Mitchell David T. , Mentz James A. , Wu-Fienberg Yuewei , Chen Wendy , Greives Matthew R. , Marques Erik S.
Published: June 2023

The ongoing outbreak of the monkeypox virus (now referred to as “mpox”) was deemed a public health emergency by the World Health Organization in 2022. The United States now reports the highest number of mpox cases, with 29 980 cases and 21 deaths as of January 11, 2023. The most common presenting symptom is a pruritic, vesicular rash that commonly involves the hands. While covering hand call, our division has encountered 2 cases of mpox in the emergency department for which the chief complaint was a hand lesion. Because hand surgeons will be called upon to make an initial diagnosis, the purpose of these case reports is to describe the presentation, disease course, treatment, and outcomes of these mpox patients. These patients had both uncontrolled HIV as well as other sexually transmitted disease. Symptoms included painful vesicular hand lesions with ulceration and eventual central necrosis, followed by similar lesions on the face, trunk, and genital area. Diagnosis was made using nucleic acid amplification testing through polymerase chain reaction. The patients were treated with restoration of immunity through control of HIV as well as treatment of all secondary bacterial infections. One patient died in the hospital, and the other survived without any long-term defects.