bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Évolution de la répartition spatiale des températures de l’air et de surface dans l’agglomération de Sfax entre 1987 et 2010. Impact sur la consommation d’énergie en été
Authors: Dahech Salem
Published: October 2015

L’extension des surfaces bâties entre 1987 et 2010 s’est traduite par une extension des surfaces relativement chaudes. En été, l’îlot de chaleur urbain, déduit à partir de l’image NOAA-AVHRR, atteint fréquemment 5°C. Cependant, un îlot de fraîcheur est détecté dans les parties denses de l’agglomération vers 10 h du matin d’après les images Landsat TM. Ces résultats sont confirmés par des mesures itinérantes et fixes de la température de l’air (sous abri à 2 m). La brise de mer limite la montée des températures au cours de la journée près du littoral. Dans la campagne, située en périphérie (à environ 10 km du centre-ville), la brise de terre atteint 2 m/s alors que le calme règne dans les parties denses de l’agglomération la nuit. Les premiers résultats de l’enquête sur la consommation de l’énergie électrique montre que la sensation de surchauffe et d’inconfort est plus perceptible dans les quartiers denses au centre-ville où la population est plus équipée en climatiseurs et consomme deux fois plus d’énergie électrique en été que durant les autres saisons.
La résilience comparée de Phnom Penh (Cambodge) et Bangkok (Thaïlande) face aux crises hydrauliques
Authors: Pierdet Céline
Published: October 2015

On se propose de comparer la capacité de résilience aux crises hydrauliques de deux métropoles fluviales endiguées asiatiques, ainsi que les acteurs et les outils mobilisés dans chaque cas pour la mise en œuvre des actions prioritaires définies lors de la conférence de Hyogo en 2005. Cette conférence a défini un cadre d’action destiné à rendre les sociétés « résilientes » face au changement climatique. Si la capacité d’adaptation de Phnom Penh à une crise hydraulique est a priori plus faible que celle de Bangkok, les deux métropoles restent néanmoins très vulnérables face à des crises récurrentes. Ces métropoles intègrent peu à peu dans leurs plans d’aménagement les consignes destinées à favoriser la réduction des risques, sous la pression des directives et des acteurs internationaux. Or la notion de résilience est vidée de son sens aux échelons nationaux et locaux du fait de la disparition des références systémiques, et de son emploi comme concept positif de la vulnérabilité.
Régionalisation des précipitations sur les massifs montagneux français à l’aide de régressions locales et par types de temps
Authors: Gottardi Frédéric , Obled Charles , Gailhard Joël , Paquet Emmanuel
Published: October 2015

Les phénomènes météorologiques en montagne sont influencés par de nombreux facteurs tels que le relief ou l’altitude, et possèdent de ce fait une grande variabilité spatiale, qui rend l’hydrométéorologie des bassins versants de montagne particulièrement complexe. Au regard de cette hétérogénéité spatiale, les postes d’observations sont à ces altitudes trop peu nombreux. Les mesures sont de plus réalisées dans des conditions parfois difficiles (neige, vent) et sont donc souvent entachées d’importantes incertitudes. En conséquence, l’estimation des stocks de neige et des précipitations, primordiale pour les gestionnaires du parc hydroélectrique d’EDF (Électricité De France), reste encore aujourd’hui sujette à des incertitudes non négligeables. Une thèse menée actuellement au sein de l’équipe hydrologie de EDF-DTG (Direction Technique Générale) a, parmi ses objectifs, le développement d’un outil d’interpolation des précipitations en zones de montagne. Ce dernier permettrait à terme de progresser vers une vision spatialisée et cartographiée de la pluie et de la neige mesurées sur les bassins versants faisant l’objet d’une prévision opérationnelle. Pour développer ce modèle, une très vaste base de données a été constituée, regroupant des données françaises (EDF-DTG et Météo France) mais également suisses, italiennes et espagnoles. Cet outil repose sur un Modèle Numérique de Terrain de maille 1 km. Sur chaque pixel, l’effet orographique, considéré comme prépondérant dans l’explication des précipitations en montagne, est modélisé par une relation linéaire reliant les précipitations à l’altitude. Cette relation s’appuie sur les points de mesure situés à proximité du pixel, dont le mode de sélection et de pondération conditionne la qualité des résultats. Une classification en types de temps est introduite, afin de prendre en compte les variations du gradient orographique de précipitation en fonction du type de circulation atmosphérique considérée. L’utilisation de la validation croisée entre les stations et du bilan hydrologique intégré sur des bassins versants, a permis d’évaluer le niveau de restitution du modèle sur les Alpes, les Pyrénées et le Massif Central. On peut considérer les résultats comme très encourageants au regard de ceux obtenus par d’autres méthodes, ce qui est sans doute le fait du caractère résolument régional du mode de reconstitution des précipitations.
Relations entre le niveau du géopotentiel 500 hpa de l'hémisphère nord et les précipitations du bassin méditerranéen (1950-2000)
Authors: Norrant Caroline
Published: October 2015

Nous nous proposons d’analyser les relations qui existent entre les principaux indices de circulation atmosphérique de l’hémisphère nord et les précipitations régionales méditerranéennes qui montrent une tendance significative au cours de la seconde moitié du 20ème siècle. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé les séries mensuelles issues d’ACPR (Analyses en Composantes Principales avec Rotation) de 61 stations du bassin méditerranéen entre 1950 et 2000. Nous avons corrélé aux principaux indices atmosphériques de l’hémisphère nord les séries de scores de pluie montrant une diminution significative (Ibérie méditerranéenne en octobre, Grèce en janvier et hiver, Moyen-Orient en hiver et Ibérie atlantique en mars). Etant donné que les ondes de Rossby qui atteignent la Russie (et concernent avant de l’atteindre la région méditerranéenne) se propagent sur une période de 45 jours depuis une stimulation dans le Pacifique, ces corrélations ont été faites en simultané entre précipitations et indices atmosphériques, puis selon un décalage de un mois et deux mois d’intervalle. Cette période laisserait ainsi aux ondes le temps de se propager d’une région à l’autre, tout en tenant compte d’autres régions d’où elles pourraient être originaires. Les seuls résultats significatifs à deux mois de décalage apparaissent pour les précipitations de l’Ibérie atlantique en mars et du golfe de Gênes en avril, suggérant une influence des modes pacifiques, en particulier de la PNA (Pacific / North Atlantic Oscillation) reliée à l’ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation). Lorsque nous corrélons les précipitations régionales méditerranéennes avec les principaux indices de téléconnexions hémisphériques, ceux-ci n’expliquent qu’une faible part de la variance totale (autour de 25%). La configuration Est Atlantique est un indice majeur associé aux principales séries de précipitations régionales sauf à celles de l’Ibérie atlantique en mars.
Comparaison de deux scénarios (statistique et dynamique) concernant les précipitations hivernales en Grèce
Authors: Tolika Konstantia , Maheras Panagiotis , Vafiadis Margaritis , Anagnostopoulou Christina
Published: October 2015

Le but de ce travail est l’évaluation de deux techniques de « désagrégation d’échelle » (statistique et dynamique) pour la simulation des précipitations hivernales en Grèce. La méthode statistique se base sur l’utilisation du principe des réseaux de neurones artificiels (RNA). Pour la construction du modèle statistique, sept prédicteurs sont utilisé. Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus par le prédicteur suivant : géopotentiels au niveau 500 hPa combiné avec l’humidité spécifique et les précipitations. Les données de la méthode dynamique proviennent d’un modèle climatique régional (RCM). La comparaison des résultats obtenus par les deux techniques (statistique et dynamique) a été faite en comparant les valeurs des pluies de chaque station simulées par la méthode statistique avec les valeurs moyennes (précipitations simulées par le modèle HadRM3P) de quatre points de grille entourant la station. D’après les résultats obtenus, les deux méthodes s’avèrent efficaces pour la simulation des précipitations hivernales en Grèce. Leurs totaux semblent être en réduction jusqu’à la fin du 21ème siècle (la réduction, selon les scénarios, varie entre 14 et 35%).
Variabilité spatio-temporelle de la concentration atmosphérique des particules à Berlin
Authors: Endlicher Wilfried , Draheim Thomas , Wolf-Benning Uta , Fiedler Jan
Published: October 2015

A Berlin, les niveaux de la concentration des particules augmentent de nouveau depuis l’an 2000 à cause de l’accroissement du trafic. Les progrès importants dus aux catalyseurs sont réduits par l’augmentation de la circulation routière. Une différenciation temporelle et spatiale de la pollution atmosphérique a été observée. Les types de temps jouent un rôle important dans la variabilité temporelle de la pollution par particules. La fraction plus grosse PM10 a une plus grande variabilité spatiale que les particules plus fines PM2.5. Les valeurs limites de la directive européenne ne sont pas respectées dans des secteurs avec une circulation routière importante.
Bilan hydrique comparé d’une savane et d’une plantation d’eucalyptus dans le bassin du Kouilou (République Populaire du Congo)
Authors: Nizinski Jerzy Jan , Morand Dominique , Loumeto Jean-Joël , Luong-Galat Anh , Galat Gérard
Published: October 2015

Depuis 1950 environ, la savane du littoral congolais est progressivement plantée d’Eucalyptus en peuplements denses exploités par rotations d’environ sept ans. Pour apprécier la durabilité de ces plantations d’Eucalyptus, il faut faire l’étude comparée des bilans énergétique, carboné, minéral et hydrique des deux écosystèmes, l’écosystème d’origine, la savane, et l’écosystème artificiel qui lui a succédé, les plantations d’Eucalyptus. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier le bilan hydrique des deux écosystèmes et, plus particulièrement, leur évapotranspiration réelle (transpiration et évaporation). La futaie d’Eucalyptus étudiée est âgée de cinq ans (Eucalyptus PF1 et Eucalyptus 12ABL*saligna), a une hauteur moyenne de 24,2 m, une circonférence moyenne de 53,4 cm, une densité de 502 arbres ha−1, une surface terrière de 11,0 m2 ha−1, un indice foliaire de 3,2 et un volume de bois de 118,5 m3 ha−1. La savane étudiée est une savane à Loudetia arundinacea. On a mesuré toutes les semaines en saison des pluies de novembre 1996 à avril 1997, de novembre 1997 à avril 1998, de novembre 1998 à avril 1999 et en saison sèche, de juin à septembre 1997 et de juin à septembre 1998, les précipitations incidentes, les précipitations au sol (pluviomètres) et la réserve en eau du sol (sonde à neutrons, sonde TDR). L’évapotranspiration, l’interception et la transpiration de la plantation et de la savane ont été estimées à partir de l’équation du bilan hydrique. La transpiration de la plantation a aussi été estimée par la méthode du flux de sève. L’établissement des profils hydriques du sol (humidité volumique et potentiel hydrique en fonction de la profondeur) nous a donné les zones d’absorption préférentielle et la profondeur de sol exploitée par ces communautés : 5 m pour la plantation d’Eucalyptus et 3 m pour la savane. Le drainage dans la plantation est moindre que celui dans la savane; cumulé sur trois ans, il est de 470,3 mm dans la plantation et de 827,3 mm dans la savane. La plantation d’Eucalyptus est un écosystème artificiel qui absorbe/transpire toute l’année et qui consomme toute l’eau disponible. La succession de plusieurs années déficitaires réduira la production de bois de la plantation, mais sachant qu’entre 1950 et 1998, il n’y a eu qu’un seul épisode de quatre années déficitaires successives dans le bassin du Kouilou, et compte tenu de la durée de rotation de sept ans, cet épisode « sec » ne compromet pas la survie de la plantation, mais réduit seulement sa production. La savane a un cycle de végétation tel qu’à la fin de la saison sèche (septembre), il subsiste dans le sol de l’eau qui représente 15% de RRU, lui permettant de subir trois années déficitaires successives sans incidence sur sa production.
Prédétermination régionale des pluies d’occurrence fréquente à exceptionnelle : application au pourtour méditerranéen français
Authors: Fouchier C. , Lavabre J. , Gregoris Y. , Sol B. , Desouches C. , Faure-Soulet A.
Published: October 2015

Un générateur stochastique de pluies horaires est mis en œuvre dans le cadre d’une méthode originale de prédétermination des débits de crue la méthode SHYPRE (Simulation d’HYdrogrammes pour la PREdétermination des crues). Ce générateur de pluies est paramétré par deux grandeurs caractéristiques de la pluie journalière facilement accessibles. Leur régionalisation sur le littoral méditerranéen français met en œuvre une régression multiple sur des caractéristiques du relief. La connaissance des quantiles de pluie de toutes durées (entre 1 heure et 72 heures heures ainsi que sur la journée) pour des périodes de retour comprises entre 2 et 1 000 ans est alors possible en tout point de la zone d’étude. Les performances du modèle sont évaluées sur sa capacité à reproduire les quantiles de pluie journalière aux postes de calage. Les résultats de la simulation sont ensuite confrontés aux estimations des pluies horaires et journalières rencontrées dans la littérature.
Influence of aerosols and surface reflectance on satellite NO2 retrieval: seasonal and spatial characteristics and implications for NOx emission constraints
Authors: Lin J.-T. , Liu M.-Y. , Xin J.-Y. , Boersma K. F. , Spurr R. , Martin R. , Zhang Q.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Satellite retrievals of vertical column densities (VCDs) of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) normally do not explicitly account for aerosol optical effects and surface reflectance anisotropy that vary with space and time. Here, we conduct an improved retrieval of NO2 VCDs over China, called the POMINO algorithm, based on measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and we test the importance of a number of aerosol and surface reflectance treatments in this algorithm. POMINO uses a parallelized LIDORT-driven AMFv6 package to derive tropospheric air mass factors via pixel-specific radiative transfer calculations with no look-up tables, taking slant column densities from DOMINO v2. Prerequisite cloud optical properties are derived from a dedicated cloud retrieval process that is fully consistent with the main NO2 retrieval. Aerosol optical properties are taken from GEOS-Chem simulations constrained by MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) data. MODIS bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data are used for surface reflectance over land. For the present analysis, POMINO level-2 data for 2012 are aggregated into monthly means on a 0.25° long. × 0.25° lat. grid. POMINO-retrieved annual mean NO2 VCDs vary from 15–25 × 1015 cm−2 over the polluted North China Plain (NCP) to below 1015 cm−2 over much of western China. Using POMINO to infer Chinese emissions of nitrogen oxides leads to annual anthropogenic emissions of 9.05 TgN yr−1, an increase from 2006 (Lin, 2012) by about 19 %. Replacing the MODIS BRDF data with the OMLER v1 monthly climatological albedo data affects NO2 VCDs by up to 40 % for certain locations and seasons. The effect on constrained NOx emissions is small. Excluding aerosol information from the retrieval process (this is the traditional "implicit" treatment) enhances annual mean NO2 VCDs by 15–40 % over much of eastern China. Seasonally, NO2 VCDs are reduced by 10–20 % over parts of the NCP in spring and over northern China in winter, despite the general enhancements in summer and fall. The effect on subsequently constrained annual emissions is between −5 and +30 % with large seasonal and spatial dependence. The implicit aerosol treatment also tends to exclude days with high pollution, since aerosols are interpreted as effective clouds and the respective OMI pixels are often excluded by cloud screening; this is a potentially important sampling bias. Therefore an explicit treatment of aerosols is important for space-based NO2 retrievals and emission constraints. A comprehensive independent measurement network with sufficient spatial and temporal representativeness is needed to further evaluate the different satellite retrieval approaches.
Isotopic effects of nitrate photochemistry in snow: a field study at Dome C, Antarctica
Authors: Berhanu T. A. , Savarino J. , Erbland J. , Vicars W. C. , Preunkert S. , Martins J. F. , Johnson M. S.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Stable isotope ratios of nitrate preserved in deep ice cores are expected to provide unique and valuable information regarding paleoatmospheric processes. However, due to the post-depositional loss of nitrate in snow, this information may be erased or significantly modified by physical or photochemical processes before preservation in ice. We investigated the role of solar UV photolysis in the post-depositional modification of nitrate mass and stable isotope ratios at Dome C, Antarctica, during the austral summer of 2011/2012. Two 30 cm snow pits were filled with homogenized drifted snow from the vicinity of the base. One of these pits was covered with a plexiglass plate that transmits solar UV radiation, while the other was covered with a different plexiglass plate having a low UV transmittance. Samples were then collected from each pit at a 2–5 cm depth resolution and a 10-day frequency. At the end of the season, a comparable nitrate mass loss was observed in both pits for the top-level samples (0–7 cm) attributed to mixing with the surrounding snow. After excluding samples impacted by the mixing process, we derived an average apparent nitrogen isotopic fractionation (15ϵapp) of −67.8 ± 12 ‰ for the snow nitrate exposed to solar UV using the nitrate stable isotope ratios and concentration measurements. For the control samples in which solar UV was blocked, an apparent average 15ϵapp value of −12.0 ± 1.7 ‰ was derived. This difference strongly suggests that solar UV photolysis plays a dominant role in driving the isotopic fractionation of nitrate in snow. We have estimated a purely photolytic nitrogen isotopic fractionation (15ϵphoto) of −55.8 ± 12.0 ‰ from the difference in the derived apparent isotopic fractionations of the two experimental fields, as both pits were exposed to similar physical processes except exposure to solar UV. This value is in close agreement with the 15ϵphoto value of −47.9 ± 6.8 ‰ derived in a laboratory experiment simulated for Dome C conditions (Berhanu et al., 2014). We have also observed an insensitivity of 15ϵ with depth in the snowpack under the given experimental setup. This is due to the uniform attenuation of incoming solar UV by snow, as 15ϵ is strongly dependent on the spectral distribution of the incoming light flux. Together with earlier work, the results presented here represent a strong body of evidence that solar UV photolysis is the most relevant post-depositional process modifying the stable isotope ratios of snow nitrate at low-accumulation sites, where many deep ice cores are drilled. Nevertheless, modeling the loss of nitrate in snow is still required before a robust interpretation of ice core records can be provided.
The impact of observation nudging on simulated meteorology and ozone concentrations during DISCOVER-AQ 2013 Texas campaign
Authors: Li X. , Choi Y. , Czader B. , Kim H. , Lefer B. , Pan S.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Air quality modeling demands accurate meteorological simulations. Observation nudging, also known as objective analysis (OA), is generally considered a low-cost and effective technique to improve meteorological simulations. However the meteorological impact of OA on chemistry has not been well characterized. This study involved two simulations (with/without OA) to analyze the impact of OA on the simulated meteorology and ozone concentrations during the Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) Texas campaign period in September 2013, using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models. The results showed improved correlations between observed and simulated parameters from the OA case. The index of agreement (IOA) improved by about 9 % for surface temperature and 6–11 % for surface zonal (U-WIND) and meridional (V-WIND) winds when OA was employed. Analysis of a cold front event indicated that OA improved the timing of wind transition during front passage. Employing OA also reduced the model biases in the planetary boundary height predictions. For CMAQ simulated surface ozone during the whole simulated period, IOA improved by 6 % in the OA case. The high ozone episode on 25 September was a typical post-front ozone event in Houston. The small-scale morning wind-shifts near the Houston Ship Channel combined with higher aloft ozone from recirculation likely caused the day's ozone exceedance. While OA did not reproduce the wind shifts on that day and failed to reproduce the observed surface and aloft high ozone, analyses of surface and aircraft data found that OA results matched better with observations. In a two-hour period during the event, substantially better winds in OA noticeably improved the ozone. Further work on improving OA's capability to reproduce local meteorological events could enhance a chemistry model's ability to predict high ozone events.
Performance evaluation of an all-fiber image-reject homodyne coherent Doppler wind lidar
Authors: Abari C. F. , Pedersen A. T. , Dellwik E. , Mann J.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the near-zero wind velocity measurement performance of two separate 1.5 μm all-fiber coherent Doppler lidars (CDLs). The performance characterization is carried out through the presentation of the results from two separate atmospheric field campaigns. In one campaign, a recently developed continuous wave (CW) CDL benefiting from an image-reject front-end was deployed. The other campaign utilized a different CW CDL, benefiting from a heterodyne receiver with intermediate-frequency (IF) sampling. In both field campaigns the results are compared against a sonic anemometer, as the reference instrument. The measurements clearly show that the image-reject architecture results in more accurate measurements of radial wind velocities close to zero. Close-to-zero velocities are usually associated with the vertical component of the wind and are important to characterize.
Obliquity forcing of low-latitude climate
Authors: Bosmans J. H. C. , Hilgen F. J. , Tuenter E. , Lourens L. J.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The influence of obliquity, the tilt of the Earth's rotational axis, on incoming solar radiation at low latitudes is small, yet many tropical and subtropical palaeoclimate records reveal a clear obliquity signal. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this signal, such as the remote influence of high-latitude glacials, the remote effect of insolation changes at mid- to high latitudes independent of glacial cyclicity, shifts in the latitudinal extent of the tropics, and changes in latitudinal insolation gradients. Using a sophisticated coupled ocean–atmosphere global climate model, EC-Earth, without dynamical ice sheets, we performed two idealized experiments of obliquity extremes. Our results show that obliquity-induced changes in tropical climate can occur without high-latitude ice sheet fluctuations. Furthermore, the tropical circulation changes are consistent with obliquity-induced changes in the cross-equatorial insolation gradient, suggesting that this gradient may be used to explain obliquity signals in low-latitude palaeoclimate records instead of the classical 65° N summer insolation curve.
Measuring and crust-correcting finite-frequency travel time residuals – application to southwestern Scandinavia
Authors: Kolstrup M. L. , Maupin V.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. We present a data-processing routine to compute relative finite-frequency travel time residuals using a combination of the Iterative Cross-Correlation and Stack (ICCS) algorithm and the Multi-Channel Cross-Correlation method (MCCC). The routine has been tailored for robust measurement of P- and S-wave travel times in several frequency bands and for avoiding cycle-skipping problems at the shortest periods. We also investigate the adequacy of ray theory to calculate crustal corrections for finite-frequency regional tomography in normal continental settings with non-thinned crust. We find that ray theory is valid for both P and S waves at all relevant frequencies as long as the crust does not contain low-velocity layers associated with sediments at the surface. Reverberations in the sediments perturb the arrival times of the S waves and the long-period P waves significantly, and need to be accounted for in crustal corrections. The data-processing routine and crustal corrections are illustrated using data from a~network in southwestern Scandinavia.
A Comparative Study of the Impact of Qualitative-Descriptive Evaluation and Quantitative Evaluation Methods on Academic Progress and Academic Motivation among Sixth Grade Students
Authors: Sahraee Akram , Mahdian Mohammad Jafar , Dinarvand Hasan
Published: October 2015

The aim of the present research has been to comparatively study the impact of qualitative-descriptive evaluation and quantitative evaluation methods on the academic progress and academic motivation among sixth grade students in Mahidasht region in educational year 2014. Statistical population of the study included all the sixth grade students of Mahidasht region. From among the population of the study, 151 students were selected through convenience sampling, out of which 33 persons were placed in qualitative-descriptive evaluation group and 118 persons were placed in quantitative group. Research methodology has been applied and causal-comparative in terms of purpose and nature respectively.Validity and reliability of the instruments were appropriate. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.78 for the researcher-made academic progress questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, independent t-test was used; and Mann–Whitney U test was also used for examining the accuracy of the findings. The results indicated that students’ academic progress in quantitative evaluation group (9.24) has been lower than in qualitative evaluation group (10.51). Besides, the results revealed that academic motivation of (all) students in quantitative evaluation group (111.84) has been lower than in qualitative evaluation group (120.27).it is suggested to consider the positive role of qualitative-descriptive evaluation method on academic progress and academic motivation of the elementary students. 
Corruptionin the Middle East Management Implications at a Qatar Construction Project
Authors: James Paul
Published: October 2015

This is a research paper focused on assessing the level of corruption and its impacts on a construction project relating to a metro project in Qatar. In order to consider more implicitly the questions and issues raised, this empirical groundwork utilised an interpretive perspective. The scope for this research was the on-site contractor team. The population for this study was made up of a number of individuals (32) lower-managers and engineers located at one main-site, and a total of 14lower managers/engineers were determined as the resultant sample frame. The outcomes consisted of six (6) main themes, namely: Country Issues; Company Policies; Management Control; Cost Issues; Documentary Issues; and Financial Demands, raised from an initial research question. The paper gives a clear insight into the practical issues surrounding a metro project assessment. The paper also addresses some of the implications for continuing project construction site developments. The paper suggests that projects of this kind may benefit from a greater use of targeted processes to alleviate corruption possibilities in the construction phase of a project. Very little research has been conducted in this area and the paper exposes weak aspects of the project management capability in Qatar relating to corruption practices unexplored in today’s metro project construction environments.
Current Expert Views on Metal-on-Metal Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty. Consensus of the 6th Advanced Hip Resurfacing Course, Ghent, Belgium, May 2014
Authors: Van Der Straeten Catherine , De Smet Koen A.
Published: October 2015

This paper reports the consensus of an international faculty of expert metal-on-metal (MoM) hip resurfacing surgeons, with a combined experience of over 40,000 cases, on the current status of hip resurfacing arthroplasty. Indications, design and metallurgy issues, release of metal ions and adverse soft tissue reactions to particles, management of problematic cases and revisions, as well as required experience and training are covered. The overall consensus is that MoM hip resurfacing should not be banned and should be viewed separately from MoM total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a large diameter head because of the different design and wear behaviour related to the taper/trunnion connection. The use of hip resurfacing has decreased worldwide but specialist centres continue to advocate hip resurfacing in young and active male patients. Regarding age the general recommendation is to avoid hip resurfacing in men older than 65 and in women older than 55, depending on the patient activity and bone quality. Female gender is considered a relative contraindication. Most surgeons would not implant a MoM hip in women who would still like a child. Regardless of gender, there is a consensus not to perform hip resurfacing in case of a femoral head size smaller than 46 mm and in patients with renal insufficiency or with a known metal allergy. Regarding follow-up of hip resurfacing and detection of adverse local tissue reactions, metal ion measurements, MRI and ultrasound are advocated depending on the local expertise. The consensus is that hip resurfacing should be limited to high volume hip surgeons, who are experienced in hip resurfacing or trained to perform hip resurfacing in a specialist centre.
A New Player in Chronic Kidney Disease Mineral and Bone Disorder: Tenascin-C
Authors: Ozkan Gulsum , Ulusoy Sukru , Guvercin Beyhan , Menteşe Ahmet , Karahan Suleyman Caner , Yavuz Adnan
Published: October 2015

Aims

Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a condition frequently observed in CKD. The search for a reliable and easy to use biomarker in the diagnosis of CKD-MBD is continuing. Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an important extracellular (ECM) protein synthesized by osteoblasts during bone growth and morphogenesis. The purpose of this study was to assess the relation between inflammation and MBD and TN-C in HD patients and to identify a new marker that can be used to help diagnose CKD-MBD.

Materials and methods

136 HD patients and 22 healthy controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional, observational multicenter study. Once patients’ demographic and biochemical parameters had been recorded, peripheral blood samples were collected for TN-C measurement before the mid-week HD session. The relationship between TN-C levels and demographic and biochemical parameters was then assessed.

Results

TN-C levels were significantly higher in the HD patient than in the control group ( P<.001). Intact parathormone (iPTH) affected TN-C levels in the HD patient group. TN-C levels was significantly higher in both the high (>300 pg/ml) and low iPTH groups (<150 pg/ml) compared to the 150–300 pg/ml iPTH group ( P<.001, <.001 respectively).

Conclusions

This study showed, for the first time in the literature, high levels of TN-C in the low and high iPTH groups and that this elevation was associated with iPTH. We think that if our study is supported by further research, TN-C can be a biomarker capable of use in diagnosing CKD-MBD.
Clinical Significance of Mucinous Rectal Adenocarcinoma following Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy and Curative Surgery
Authors: Kim Tae Gyu , Park Won , Choi Doo Ho , Park Hee Chul , Kim Seok-Hyung , Cho Yong Beom , Yun Seong Hyeon , Kim Hee Cheol , Lee Woo Yong , Lee Jeeyun , Park Joon Oh , Park Young Suk , Lim Ho Yeong , Kang Won Ki , Chun Ho-Kyung
Published: October 2015

Aims

To investigate the efficacy and prognosis associated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced mucinous rectal cancer (MRC).

Methods

Our analysis included 412 patients who underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy and curative surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer. Among these patients, 30 had MRC and 382 had nonmucinous rectal cancer (NMRC). Tumor downstaging, defined as a lower pathologic stage than clinical stage, and survival were compared between MRC and NMRC.

Results

Increased frequency of cT4 disease was seen in MRC compared to NMRC (23.3% vs 8.9%, p = 0.021). Complete pathologic response rate and tumor downstaging rate were 0% and 23.3% in MRC and 15.4% and 52.4% in NMRC, respectively (p = 0.025 and p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in disease-free survival between the 2 groups (62.1% vs 75.0% at 5 years, p = 0.170), while there was a significantly lower overall survival in MRC vs NMRC (67.4% vs 88.0% at 5 years, respectively; p = 0.012). When analyzed by stage, the overall survival difference between MRC and NMRC was significant in the cT3 group (71.1% vs 89.1% at 5 years, p = 0.047) and marginally significant in the cT4 group (51.4% vs 74.5% at 5 years, p = 0.053), but not significant in subgroups with the same pathologic stage.

Conclusions

Mucinous rectal cancer is related to a lower response rate to chemoradiotherapy and poorer prognosis compared to NMRC, even when corrected for clinical stage. The poor prognosis in MRC might be associated with poor responsiveness to preoperative chemoradiotherapy.
Eumetula brattegardi new name for Eumetula vitrea Høisæter, 2011 not (Dall, 1927) Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Triphoroidea, Newtoniellidae)
Authors: Høisæter Tore
Published: October 2015

Eumetula brattegardi nomen novum, is proposed as replacement name for Eumetula vitrea Høisæter, 2011.
An Entrepreneurial Learning Exercise as a Pedagogical Tool for Teaching CSR
Authors: Farber Vanina A. , Prialé María Angela , Fuchs Rosa María
Published: October 2015

This paper reports on an exploratory cross-sectional study of the value of an entrepreneurial learning exercise as a tool for examining the entrepreneurship dimension of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The study used grounded theory to analyse diaries kept by graduate (MBA) students during the ‘20 Nuevos Soles Project’. From the results of this analysis a number of propositions are developed for further research. The findings suggest that an entrepreneurial learning exercise can be useful in raising awareness of and reinforcing CSR-related competences. The project achieved a high level of student involvement and satisfaction, connecting acquired knowledge to real-world problem-solving. It is argued that the study has wider implications for managerial education which aims to go beyond the transmission of technical knowledge to allowing the development of competences in a bottom-up fashion. It also adds to research on the importance of new models of teaching management topics (specifically, corporate social responsibility) in emerging markets.
The Impact of SimVenture on the Development of Entrepreneurial Skills in Management Students
Authors: Williams Dina
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this study was to bridge a gap in our understanding of the role business simulation games can play in the development of entrepreneurial capabilities in undergraduate students. While entrepreneurship education has come a long way from being a branch of business and management studies, to its current status as a core discipline in its own right, the debate on the pedagogy of entrepreneurship education continues. The best results in entrepreneurship education are achieved when students are exposed to action-oriented experiential learning that encourages problem-solving, creativity and peer evaluation. Game-based learning is an emerging pedagogy that brings together the evolving nature of young learners and experiential learning. Grounded in the theory of experiential learning and action research methodology, this study investigates how a particular business simulation game, SimVenture, develops not only students' business and management skills but also their entrepreneurial attitude and values. The findings suggest that the business simulation allowed students to face their limitations, overcome some of them and make significant progress in their learning. Using SimVenture improved students' appreciation of business in general and the challenges entrepreneurs have to face in running a business.
The effects of aerobic fatigue on jump shot kinematics in team handball players
Authors: Plummer Hillary A. , Oliver Gretchen D.
Published: October 2015

Background: Aerobic fatigue from running may contribute to altered kinematics and as a result the possibility of injury exists. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic fatigue on jump shot kinematics in team handball players. Methods: Ten male team handball players (23.60 ± 3.06 years; 184.68 ± 8.78 cm; 84.76 ± 9.23 kg) volunteered. An electromagnetic tracking system was used to examine the kinematics of the jump shot prior to and following aerobic fatigue. The fatiguing protocol consisted of running to exhaustion at a speed that corresponded with 80% of their heart rate maximum. Results: Significant pelvis and trunk kinematic differences were observed following the aerobic fatigue protocol. For both the trunk (F6, 54 = 5.10; P < .01; power = 0.99) and pelvis (F3, 27 = 14.47; P < .01; power = 1.00) a three-way interaction of event x time x direction was observed. At foot contact, significant differences were observed for pelvis lateral flexion, pelvis rotation, and trunk flexion. The pelvis was positioned with greater lateral flexion to the contralateral side (-1.25° ± 3.41° to -3.39° ± 4.14°) and increased contralateral pelvis rotation was observed (-43.07° ± 12.92° to -50.79° ± 12.26°). Pelvis lateral flexion towards the contralateral side was also significantly greater at ball release following fatigue (-21.90° ± 5.99° to -25.55° ± 7.79°). Trunk rotation significantly increased from -6.80° ± 10.07° to -12.55° ± 10.97° at maximum external rotation following fatigue. Conclusion: Altered mechanics were observed at the pelvis and trunk and these alterations may contribute to injury in team handball players as a player reaches fatigue.
A new look at observation units: evidence-based approach
Authors: Shah Shital , Subbarao Keerthi , Noonan Melinda D , Hinrichs Brad
Published: October 2015

Background: Observation patient classification and billing are an important focus area for recovery audit contractors (RACs) and creation of a centralized observation unit (COU) could be a good strategy for Academic Medical Centers (AMCs) to improve care and fiscal management of a growing observation/patient volume.Objective: To define and investigate the feasibility of a dual purpose COU at an AMC.Methods: Retrospective data analysis and domain expertise were utilized to define potential observation patients. A pre/post study design was used to test the effects of three strategies. These strategies included: 1) all observation patients; 2) all observation patients except Emergency Department (ED) sourced patients; and 3) only post-procedural and post-surgical observation patients measured on unit efficiency metrics (i.e., bed placement wait time and occupancy rate), through simulation modeling. In addition, domain experts determined operational feasibility of each strategy based on multiple criteria.Results: Results of the simulation model demonstrated two feasible strategies that included COUs focusing on non-ED sourced observation patients on inpatient units (wait time 1 minute; occupancy rate = 8.26 ± 3.8 beds) and post-surgical and postprocedural observation patients only (wait time 1 minute; occupancy rate = 5.15 ± 3.04 beds).Conclusions: A multi-purpose COU with clear definitions and patient care protocols for observation patients allows efficient medical care to be delivered, facilitates correct documentation and billing to third-party payers, and frees capacity on inpatient care units. Additional hospital revenue and reimbursement with modest investment given clinical feasibility bolster financial viability of a COU.
Alon Goshen-Gottstein and Eugene Korn, Eds. Jewish Theology and World Religions
Authors: Marmur Michael
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Sina Rauschenbach. Judentum für Christen: Vermittlung und Selbstbehauptung Menasseh ben Israels in den gelehrten Debatten des 17. Jahrhunderts.
Authors: Price David H.
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Robert Bonfil, Oded Irshai, Guy G. Stroumsa, and Rina Talgam, Eds. Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures
Authors: Tonias Demetrios E.
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Hillary Kaell. Walking Where Jesus Walked: American Christians and Holy Land Pilgrimage
Authors: Carenen Caitlin
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
La recherche traductologique dans les domaines de spécialité : un nouveau tournant
Authors: Vandaele Sylvie
Published: October 2015

La recherche liée à la traduction pragmatique, et notamment dans les domaines de spécialité est, historiquement, minoritaire, car la traductologie occidentale s’est essentiellement développée à partir de questions soulevées par la traduction littéraire. Pourtant, la traduction pragmatique domine largement la pratique professionnelle. De même, la recherche traductologique a été l’objet de réticences de la part des praticiens et des étudiants. Nous formulons l’hypothèse que les préjugés négatifs, des deux côtés, trouvent leur source chez certains auteurs princeps fondateurs de la traductologie. La présente conférence explore ainsi les positions exprimées chez Berman, Schleiermacher et Ortega y Gasset, et remet en question la carte de Holmes, pour arriver à proposer une autre carte qui ouvre toutes les possibilités autant sur le plan de la recherche que sur le plan de la pratique. Par ailleurs, en raison du développement des outils informatiques, nous sommes convaincue que le traducteur devra de plus en plus se positionner comme un expert capable de conseiller adéquatement les donneurs d’ouvrages. Nous nous proposons donc, pour terminer, de dégager quelques pistes de recherche, concernant plus spécifiquement les domaines de spécialité, qui pourront s’épanouir dans le contexte de la traductologie, avec pour arrière-plan une volonté délibérée d’arrimer la pratique à la recherche et à la réflexion dite « théorique », et réciproquement.
Langue, langage et les étonnantes locutions, expressions et phrasèmes du français, et leurs correspondants en anglais et en allemand
Authors: Clas André
Published: October 2015

La présente étude est une comparaison raisonnée de locutions, expressions et phrasèmes du français, somme toute assez étonnantes, et de leurs correspondants en anglais et en allemand. Elle illustre le fait que la langue donne une structuration au flou, c’est-à-dire qu’elle crée son existence par concepts. En fin de compte, la traduction est la reproduction du pensable d’une langue dans une autre langue.
Initial electrification to the first lightning flash in New Mexico thunderstorms
Authors: Stolzenburg Maribeth , Marshall Thomas C. , Krehbiel Paul R.
Published: October 2015

The initial electrification of three New Mexico thunderstorms is examined using in situ and remote measurements. The earliest deflection of electric field (E) measured at the surface was 5–8.6 min before the first flash and coincident with the development of substantial radar reflectivity (40 dBZ) above −5°C. Rapid growth of surface E (>5 V/m/s) started 2.4–3.1 min before the first flash, when 40 dBZ reflectivities reached above the −15°C level. In two cases with clear surface E records, radar reflectivity indicators (40 dBZ echo through −10°C and echo top through −15°C) would yield longer warning times before the first flash than the E record. The first flash in each storm initiated at altitudes between 7.4 and 8.8 km; hence, the temperatures where the largest (negative) E for normal intracloud lightning initiation had developed during the initial electrification were −10°C to −20°C. Negative and positive charge regions associated with the first flash in each cell were centered at −8°C to −16°C (6.9–8.0 km) and −20°C to −24°C (9.0–9.2 km), respectively. In two cases, balloon data indicate the only substantial charge regions present before the first flash were those involved in the flash. Another case shows an initial period of opposite polarity E deflection at the surface coincident with substantial low‐level positive charge within the cloud, although this charge was not involved in the first 8 min (first 17 flashes) of lightning activity. The findings support the notion that the initial electrification resulted from charging via the noninductive ice‐ice collisional mechanism.
Forest edge burning in the Brazilian Amazon promoted by escaping fires from managed pastures
Authors: Cano‐Crespo Ana , Oliveira Paulo J. C. , Boit Alice , Cardoso Manoel , Thonicke Kirsten
Published: October 2015

Understanding to what extent different land uses influence fire occurrence in the Amazonian forest is particularly relevant for its conservation. We evaluate the relationship between forest fires and different anthropogenic activities linked to a variety of land uses in the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso, Pará, and Rondônia. We combine the new high‐resolution (30 m) TerraClass land use database with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer burned area data for 2008 and the extreme dry year of 2010. Excluding the non‐forest class, most of the burned area was found in pastures, primary and secondary forests, and agricultural lands across all three states, while only around 1% of the total was located in deforested areas. The trend in burned area did not follow the declining deforestation rates from 2001 to 2010, and the spatial overlap between deforested and burned areas was only 8% on average. This supports the claim of deforestation being disconnected from burning since 2005. Forest degradation showed an even lower correlation with burned area. We found that fires used in managing pastoral and agricultural lands that escape into the neighboring forests largely contribute to forest fires. Such escaping fires are responsible for up to 52% of the burned forest edges adjacent to burned pastures and up to 22% of the burned forest edges adjacent to burned agricultural fields, respectively. Our findings call for the development of control and monitoring plans to prevent fires from escaping from managed lands into forests to support effective land use and ecosystem management.
Total Synthesis of Mycalolides A and B through Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Kita Masaki , Oka Hirotaka , Usui Akihiro , Ishitsuka Tomoya , Mogi Yuzo , Watanabe Hidekazu , Tsunoda Masaki , Kigoshi Hideo
Published: October 2015

An asymmetric total synthesis of the trisoxazole marine macrolides mycalolides A and B is described. This synthesis involves the convergent assembly of highly functionalized C1–C19 trisoxazole and C20–C35 side‐chain segments through the use of olefin metathesis and esterification as well as Julia–Kocienski olefination and enamide formation as key steps.