bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adherence to a Low Carbohydrate Diet may Modify Resting Metabolic Rate among Overweight and Obese Women
Authors: Sajjadi Seyedeh Forough , Mirzababaei Atieh , Ghodoosi nasim , Pooyan Sara , Arghavani Hana , Rasaei Niloufar , Rashidbeygi Elaheh , Yekaninejad Mir-Saeed , mirzaei Khadijeh -
Published: July 2020

Objective

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) accounts for most of the daily energy expenditure. The low-carb diet attenuates decreases in RMR. This study aims to investigate the relationship between a low-carb diet and resting metabolic rate status.
Methods

We enrolled 304 overweight and obese women in this cross-sectional study. BMI, fat mass, fat-free mass, visceral fat, insulin level were assessed. RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry. A low carbohydrate diet score was measured using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).
Results

Our results showed no relationship between LCDS and DNR even after adjust for confounders (Inc. RMR: OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.92–1.01, P = 0.20; Dec. RMR: OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94-1.00, P = 0.14). Some components of LCDS had significant differences with DNR, such as carbohydrate and Dec. RMR in adjusted model (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 0.98–1.37, P = 0.08), MUFA and Dec. RMR in adjusted model (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.21–1.10, P = 0.08) and refined grain and Inc. RMR in crude model (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77–0.99, P = 0.04).
Conclusion

Our study showed that there is no association between a low-carb diet and RMR status but carbohydrate, MUFA, and refined grain had a significant relationship.
Anesthetic Management of a Child From the Qinghai-tibet Plateau With a Double Outlet Right Ventricle and Severe Polycythemia: A Case Report
Authors: Tan Lingcan , Zhang Weiyi , Zuo Yiding , Chen Hongyang , Jiang Chunling
Published: July 2020

Background

Acquired secondary polycythemia is common in patients with a double outlet right ventricle, and results from tissue hypoxia. Secondary erythrocytosis can cause coagulation deficiencies, and increases the risks of thrombosis and infarction. Perioperative management in double outlet right ventricle patients with severe erythrocytosis is intractable, and only a few cases have been reported.
Case presentation:

Herein, we report the anesthetic management of a 10-year-old female patient with a double outlet right ventricle. She lived in the low-oxygen Qinghai−Tibet Plateau, and presented with severe polycythemia (hemoglobin, 24.8 g/dL; hematocrit, 75%). She underwent a modified Fontan surgery, which was satisfactory and without any perioperative complications. Our anesthetic management highlights the importance of perioperative hemodilution to decrease the risk of thromboembolism, and correction of coagulopathy to prevent hemorrhage.
Conclusions

Anesthetic management is challenging in rare cyanotic congenital heart disease patients with severe polycythemia. For prevention of thrombosis and hemorrhage, it is important to adopt perioperative hemodilution and correction of coagulopathy.
Serum cholinesterase on admission as a predictor of COVID-19 pneumonia severity and mortality
Authors: Nakajima Kento , Abe Takeru , Saji Ryo , Ogawa Fumihiro , Taniguchi Hayato , Yamaguchi Keishi , Sakai Kazuya , Nakagawa Tomoki , Matsumura Reo , Oi Yasuhumi , Nishii Mototsugu , Takeuchi Ichiro
Published: July 2020

Background

Although some predictors of COVID-19 pneumonia severity and mortality have been identified, much of the pathophysiology of this emerging infectious disease remains unclear. We hypothesized that a patient’s cholinesterase level on admission could predict COVID-19 pneumonia severity and mortality.
Methods

We retrospectively collected data of 26 COVID-19 pneumonia patients from February–May 2020. Outcomes were aggravation of symptoms and in-hospital mortality. We compared receiver operating curves of cholinesterase, C-reactive protein, lymphocytes, albumin, D-dimer, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio and examined prediction accuracy. Regarding the interaction between cholinesterase and other variables, each independent variable was divided into two groups using cutoff values, and interaction terms were created.
Results

Cholinesterase levels on admission were significantly lower in the severe group than in the mild-to-moderate group (326 vs. 218 IU/L, p = 0.006; area under the curve: 0.81; 95% confidence interval 0.61–0.94). When comparing the area under the curve, cholinesterase was comparable to C-reactive protein, albumin, lymphocytes, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio other than D-dimer in the prediction accuracy of severe cases and mortality. Cholinesterase levels on admission were significantly lower in the death group than in the survival group (274 vs. 187.5 IU/L, p = 0.028; area under the curve: 0.79; 95% interval 0.58–0.93). Regarding the interaction between cholinesterase and established predictors, the prediction accuracy of both severity and death was higher when cholinesterase was combined with each predictor than when cholinesterase was used alone.
Conclusions

Cholinesterase may reflect the disease state of COVID-19 pneumonia, suggesting that a patient’s cholinesterase level on admission may be useful as a predictor of severity and prognosis.
Guangzhou Tongcao painting in late China Qing Dynasty（1840—1912 AD): technology revealed by Analytical Approaches
Authors: Zhang Chan , Huang Jianbin , Zhu Tiequan , Zhang Ronglin
Published: July 2020

Guangzhou Tongcao painting of China late Qing Dynasty witnessed the exchange of economy, culture, art and technology between China and foreign countries, which was an important exported product in the ancient China. In this paper, by using stereo microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope attached Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and micro Raman Spectroscope, a Qing Dynasty Tongcao painting with the subject of family life of an official's female relative was analyzed. Our study revealed that: 1) the hexagonal cell morphology could be easily observed in the Tongcao pith which could contain much more pigment and increase the stereo sense of painting, and the cell of the ancient Tongcao pith had started to degrade, which indicated an urgent requirement on conservation of the tongcao painting; 2) alum was applied as the fixing agent in the preparation of pigments and the painting process; 3) both the China domestic pigments including red lead, calcite, lead white, carbon black and gamboge, and the synthetic pigments imported from Europe ( artificial ultramarine, Prussian blue and emerald green) was applied in the painting, which reflected the bi-directional communication of culture and technology between China and the western world.
WITHDRAWN: Motility, adhesion and c-di-GMP levels influence the endophytic colonization of rice by Azoarcus sp. CIB
Authors: Fernandez-Llamosas Helga , Diaz Eduardo , Carmona Manuel
Published: July 2020

Background: Proficient crop production is needed to ensure the feeding of a growing global population. The association of bacteria with plants plays an important role in the health state of the plants contributing to the increase of agricultural production. Endophytic bacteria are ubiquitous in most plant species providing, in most cases, plant promotion properties. However, the knowledge on the genetic determinants involved in the colonization of plants by endophytic bacteria are still poorly understood.Results: In this work we have used a genetic approach based on the construction of fliM, pilX and eps knockout mutants to show that the motility mediated by a functional flagellum and the pili type IV, and the adhesion modulated by exopolysaccarides are required for the efficient colonization of rice roots by the endophyte Azoarcus sp. CIB. Moreover, we have demonstrated that expression of an exogenous diguanylate cyclase or phophodiesterase, which causes either an increase or decrease of the intracellular levels of the second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), respectively, leads to a reduction of the ability of Azoarcus sp. CIB to colonize rice plants.Conclusions: Here we present results demonstrating the unprecedented role of the universal second messenger cyclic-di-GMP in plant colonization by an endophytic bacterium, Azoarcus sp. CIB. The involvement of bacterial motility and adherence mediated by the bacterial flagellum, pil i type IV and exopolysaccharides in the colonization of rice by strain CIB is also shown. These studies pave the way to further strategies to modulate the interaction of endophytes with their target plant hosts.
Synchronously Improved Voltage Gradient and Mechanical Properties of ZnO Based Varistor by Doping Ga2O3
Authors: Wang Bo-wen , Chen Bao-hui , Gao Peng-zhao , Chen Hui-hui , Zhang Pei
Published: July 2020

ZnO based varistors with high voltage gradient and excellent mechanical and thermal properties were fabricated by Ga2O3 doping and using nanoparticles. The compositions and microstructure of the varistors, as well as their electrical, mechanical and thermal properties were investigated by XRD, XPS, SEM, E-J, C-V, mechanical and thermal expansion measurements. Also, the mechanism of Ga2O3 addition on electrical and mechanical properties of the varistors was discussed detailedly. Results showed that the added Ga2O3 preferentially occupied the lattice position of ZnO crystal through the formation of a substitutional solid solution (Donor doping), they then occupied the void position through the formation of an interstitial solid solution (Acceptor doping), in which residual Ga2O3 existed in the grain boundary and served as inversion boundaries. The formation of the substitutional and interstitial solid solutions helped to improve the electrical properties, when the Ga2O3 content was 0.40 mol%, E1mA, α and K were 1235.00 V·mm− 1, 46.0 and 1.37, respectively, being due to the small particle size and the relative content of donor, acceptor and grain boundary in ZnO grain; The increased content of inversion boundaries stimulated the abnormal growth of ZnO grain, and the formed plate-like grain helped to improve the mechanical properties and thermal expansion coefficient of the varistors, values of σf, Ef, and KIC reached 147.43 MPa, 213.61 GPa and 2.05 MPa·m1/2, showing improvements of 25.29%, 47.67%, and 38.51%, respectively, compared with those of ZnO varistors without Ga2O3.
Incorporating Stigma Into Implementation Science: Linking Societal Influence to the Clinical Encounter to Understand Inequities in Healthcare Delivery
Authors: Saine M. Elle , Re III Vincent Lo , Barg Frances K. , Szymczak Julia E.
Published: July 2020

Background: Disease-related stigma is an important, but under recognized barrier to the implementation of evidence-based therapies. Existing implementation science frameworks do not adequately specify the mechanisms by which the outer societal context produces disparate implementation outcomes. Our aim in this study was to evaluate how stigma influences the implementation of evidence-based hepatitis C virus (HCV) care and, in so doing, make the case for incorporating stigma into the Health Equity Implementation Framework.Methods: From 2015-2019, we conducted a concurrent explanatory mixed-methods study among people living with HCV in Philadelphia. We administered the validated 33-item HCV-stigma scale. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among a purposive subsample of survey respondents. Summative HCV-stigma scale scores and descriptive statistics were calculated. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed for common themes. Survey responses were linked to interview data.Results: Surveys were completed by 265 participants; 22 interviews were conducted with a subset of these respondents. Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity was associated with significantly higher HCV-stigma scale scores (adjusted mean, 81.39 [95% CI, 76.44-86.33] versus 74.28 [95% CI, 70.51-78.05]; P=0.025). In interviews, participants described the impact of stigma on their engagement with HCV care. Stigma associated with their diagnosis contributed to feelings of dirtiness and shame. Participants described the critical importance of interactions with medical providers and the healthcare system as a whole to either facilitating or mitigating the negative impact of enacted stigma on their trust in medicine and willingness to engage with HCV care. Interactions with family and friends, especially surrounding disclosure of one's diagnosis, were an important mediator of the experience of stigma. Hispanic/Latinx participants described greater feelings of isolation and stigma from family and friends as a result of their diagnosis. Finally, participants described the way stigma shaped their and society's perceptions of HCV therapies, including the media portrayal of pharmaceuticals, the high cost of drugs and insurer denials of treatment.Conclusions: Experiences of HCV-related stigma influence engagement with HCV care at multiple levels: patient, provider, family and community, and perceptions of the therapy itself. Incorporating stigma into the Health Equity Implementation Framework can improve the utility of the framework by specifying a mechanism by which the social context influences the uptake of evidence-based innovations.
The trends of Zika virus-related research from 2014 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gwon Yong-Dae , Evander Magnus
Published: July 2020

BackgroundZika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne disease discovered in 1947, but with no reports of serious disease for almost 60 years. The first large ZIKV outbreak was reported from Yap island in 2007, then in 2015, the emergence of ZIKV in the Americas highlighted clinical manifestation such as microcephaly and Guillain‐Barré syndrome. On February 1, 2016, WHO declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern due to the magnitude of the outbreak, which then officially ended in November 2016. MethodsEver since the Brazilian authority released the first report of autochthonous transmission of ZIKV in 2015, it became the object of interdisciplinary investigation and global research collaboration. To follow and understand the trend of ZIKV research, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of ZIKV publications during 2014-2018, by using the scientific database Scopus.ResultsWe found that the number of ZIKV related publications increased in 2016-2018 (39.2, 56.5, and 58.5 times, respectively) compared to an average number of publications (23.5) in 2014-2015. During the five years, there was not the only increment of publication numbers, but also the area of research was expanded. In 2014-2015, the majority in the research area was epidemiological research with aims to report the consequence of the ZIKV outbreak, and the trend was shifted to the development of diagnostic methods, antiviral treatment, and vaccine in the following three years. In addition, the number of countries involved in ZIKV research increased from 11 and 13 in 2014-2015 to 59, 67, and 66 in 2016-2018, showing that ZIKV research was changed from a low-level stage to active and globalized in the coming five years.ConclusionsOur results highlight the importance of gathering public interest when the world is facing the phase of global health alert, and how it can drive the research field from inactive to active. However, despite this enormous progress in ongoing ZIKV research, many questions are yet to be answered and should be addressed to accelerate the development of effective ZIKV countermeasures. Nevertheless, our systematic review and meta-analysis emphasized the importance of a worldwide multidisciplinary effort to combat outbreaks or unknown infectious disease threats in the future.
In vivo measurement of pH, CO2 and HCO3- levels in the uterus of non-anesthetized sows through the estrous cycle and after insemination
Authors: Albors Octavio López , Llamas-López Pedro José , Ortuño Joaquín , Latorre Rafael , Vázquez Francisco Alberto García
Published: July 2020

Background

The pH-CO2-HCO3− system is a ubiquitous biological regulator with important functional implications for reproduction. Knowledge of the physiological values of its components is relevant for reproductive biology and the optimization of Assistant Reproductive Techniques (ARTs). In vivo pH of the oviduct and uterus has been estimated by direct in situ measurements in a few species. However, regarding the levels of CO2 and HCO3−, information is very scarce and, when available, it comes from fluid samples instead of in vivo estimations. This study describes a non-invasive method to measure pH and % of CO2 in the uterus of sows with cutting-edge technology and no medication. Sows were at three different reproductive conditions, estrous with no insemination E(-)AI and after insemination E(+)AI, and diestrous (non-estrous, NE). From pH and CO2 data, HCO3− concentration was estimated.
Results

The designed methodology allowed for in situ time-lapse recording of pH and % of CO2 within the uterus of non-anesthetized sows. Variable oscillatory patterns of pH, CO2 and HCO3− were found independently of the estrous condition. Insemination did not changed the levels of uterine pH, % of CO2 and HCO3− concentration, -E(-)AI = E(+)AI-, but all the values were affected by the estrous cycle in a way that decreased significantly at diestrous condition - E(-)AI and E(+)AI > NE-.
Conclusions

A non-invasive approach to the porcine uterus with novel optical probes allowed the obtaining of in situ physiological values of pH, CO2, and HCO3− at different reproductive conditions. While the short-time presence of sperm in the uterus did not change the physiological milieu, the whole pH-CO2-HCO3− system was affected by the estrous cycle. This study contributes to a better understanding of the in vivo regulation of the pH/CO2/HCO3− system in the uterus and may help to optimize the protocols of sperm treatment for in vitro fertilization.
Identification and validation of autophagy-related lncRNA prognostic signature for breast cancer
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Jin Feng , Li Yang
Published: July 2020

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as crucial regulators to the development of breast cancer and are involved in controlling autophagy. LncRNAs are also widely known as valuable prognostic factors for breast cancer patients. It is critical to identify autophagy-related lncRNAs with prognostic value in breast cancer. Methods: A coexpression network of autophagy-related mRNAs-lncRNAs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was constructed. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to identify an autophagy risk model with prognostic value. Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regressionanalyses and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to validate the risk model. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) functional annotation were conducted to analyze the risk model.Results: In this study, autophagy-related lncRNAs in breast cancer were identified. We evaluated the prognostic value of these autophagy-related lncRNAs and eventually obtained a prognostic risk model consisting of 11 autophagy-related lncRNAs (U62317.4, LINC01016, LINC02166, C6orf99, LINC00992, BAIAP2-DT, AC245297.3, AC090912.1, Z68871.1, LINC00578 and LINC01871). The risk model was further verified as a novel independent prognostic factor for breast cancer patients based on the calculated risk score. Moreover, based on the risk model, the low risk and high risk groups displayed different autophagy and oncogenic statues. Conclusions: These findings suggested that the risk model of the 11 autophagy-related lncRNAs has significant prognostic value for breast cancer and might be a promising prognostic signature and therapeutic targets in clinical practice.
Clinical characteristics and determinants of glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Fiji
Authors: Romakin Pablo , Wilson Donald , Khan Sabiha , Mohaammadnezhad Masoud
Published: July 2020

Background

Diabetes is a global health problem reaching pandemic proportions. In Fiji, diabetes has a prevalence rate of 15.6% in 2011which is estimated to rise to 19.3% in 2020. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of poor glycaemic control level and its determinants among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Methods

This retrospective study was conducted in three selected health centres in Suva, Fiji with the following inclusion criteria: adult T2DM ≥ 18 years old registered during 2011 to 2016; on treatment for > 1year; had > 4 clinic visits and; had a recent HbA1c result in 2017. Logistic regression analysis was performed and p < 0.05 considered as significant.
Results

There were 200 female (59.2%) and 138 male (40.8%) T2DM patients in this study with a mean age of 56.5 years (SD = ± 9.9). Most of T2DM patients have poorly controlled random blood sugar (RBS), 67.1% and fasting blood sugar (FBS), 63.0%. Two-thirds (65.4%) had associated medical conditions. The proportion of poor glycaemic control (HbA1c < 7%) was 77.2%. Mean HbA1c was 8.6% (± 2.04). RBS, FBS, cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significant (p < 0.05) determinants of poor glycaemic control.
Conclusions

Health care workers dealing with T2DM patients should consider the clinical determinants of poor glycaemic control for a more effective diabetes management.
The Importance of Building Community Trust for Sustained Malaria Elimination Interventions During Unforeseen Major Disruptive Events Such as COVID-19: A Cambodia Case Study
Authors: Feldman Mitra , Vernaeve Lieven , Tibenderana James , Braack Leo , Debackere Mark , Thu Htin Kyaw , Hamade Prudence , Lo Koung
Published: July 2020

Background

Impressive progress in reducing malaria trends combined with the 2018 report of no malaria related deaths for the first time, puts Cambodia well on track to reaching its malaria elimination goals. However, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a potential challenge to this goal. The path towards malaria elimination is dependent on sustained interventions to prevent rapid resurgence, which can quickly set back any gains achieved.
Methods

Mobile Malaria Workers (MMWs) need to have a strong understanding of the local geography and, most importantly, build and maintain trust among the communities they serve. To achieve this, Malaria Consortium uses a peer-to-peer approach for the MMWs and ensures the same level of trust operates between the MMWs and Malaria Consortium. Malaria Consortium’s policy during COVID-19 has been to follow national guidelines while continuing to support community-based malaria services via the MMWs / mobile malaria posts (MPs) with as minimal disruption as possible. A risk assessment was carried out by Malaria Consortium, with a mitigation plan quickly developed and implemented, to ensure MMWs were able to continue providing services without putting themselves or their patients at risk.
Results

Malaria Consortium ensured the MMW/ mobile MP program is built on trust, relevance to, and connection with the communities being served. An overall decline in malaria testing was reported from Health Centres and VMWs among all three provinces in March and April, not seen in previous years and possibly attributable to fear of COVID-19. However, Malaria Consortium supported MMWs have not reported any such decline in the utilization of their services and attribute this to the trust they have among the communities.
Conclusion

Malaria Consortium has effectively demonstrated care and solidarity with and among the MMWs and communities being served. This has ensured a high level of trust, and therefore willingness among the MMWs and communities to continue providing and utilising malaria services as usual despite the fear of COVID-19. Building trust among rural communities builds resilience and ensures uninterrupted and effective malaria elimination activities can continue even during a potential extraneous disruptive force, such as the Covid-19 pandemic.
Comparison of Risk Allele Frequencies of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Different Ethnic Groups
Authors: Shin Hyun-Tae , Yoon Byung Woo , SEO JEHYUN
Published: July 2020

Purpose: The prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) varies from 6.8% to 18.3% for all forms of AMD and from 0.6% to 2.6% for late AMD according to race, suggesting the existence of genetic differences among races. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic causes of differences in the prevalence of AMD among individuals of different races.Methods: We collected 138 AMD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome-wide association studies catalog. Their population-level allele frequencies were derived based on the 1000 Genomes Project and Korean Reference Genome Database. We used Fisher’s exact tests to assess whether the effect allele at a given SNP was significantly enriched or depleted in the database.Results: European, American, and South Asian populations showed similar heatmap patterns, whereas East Asian, and Korean populations had distinct patterns. Korean populations exhibited patterns that were different from those of the other groups; rs5754227 (SYN3), rs1626340 (TGFBR1/COL15A1), rs3750846(ARMS2/HTRA1), and rs9564692 (B3GALTL) were enriched, whereas rs2230199 (C3) and rs73036519 (EXOC3L2/MARK4) were depleted in Koreans; these SNPs are associated with late AMD. The genetic risk score calculated from allele frequencies was not less in East Asians than in Europeans.Conclusion: The prevalence of AMD is lower in Asians than in Europeans. However, our study showed that genetic risk scores in East Asians were similar to those in Europeans, which may explain why the global projected number of people with AMD by 2040 is in largest for East Asians, including Koreans.
Development and Evaluation of Decision Aid for Family Surrogate Decision Makers of Patients with Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) in ICU: A Study Protocol
Authors: Zheng Miao , Yin Changlin , Cao Ying , Zhang Yonghui , Zhang Kuoliang , Zhang Xiaoqin , Bian Wei , Wang Lihua
Published: July 2020

Background Shared decision-making is endorsed by guidelines in both acute kidney injury and critical care medicine. However, there is still a huge need for effective interventions, especially focusing on decisions in renal replacement therapy for ICU patients with acute kidney injury. Decision aid is an evidence-based support to achieve shared decision-making for better decision quality, which not only enhances knowledge of treatment options but also matches patients’ preferences and values.Objectives To develop and evaluate a decision aid for family surrogate decision makers of ICU patients with acute kidney injury who are requiring renal replacement therapy, following a systematic and rigorous process.Methods We will follow the systematic development process combined with user-centered design, to develop and evaluate the decision aid in three phases: (1) development of a decision aid based on extensive literature reviews, key stakeholders’ interviews, evidence synthesis and drafting prototype; (2) alpha-testing (“near-live” usability) during simulated clinical encounters to test the comprehensibility, acceptability and usability; (3) beta-testing (“live” usability) to examine the feasibility in the clinical context. User-testing will be conducted for the iterative revision of the decision aid. The IPDASi (v4.0) will be used for the qualitative assessment.Discussion This study may help family surrogate decision makers make renal replacement treatment decisions that match with their loved one’s preferences and values in ICU context, while helping user-centered design integrate into this complex medical decision making.Trial registration number Chinese Clinical Trial registry (ChiCTR2000031613).
Delayed Onset Postoperative Spinal Epidural Hematoma After Lumbar Spinal Surgery: Incidence, Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Wang Longjie , Wang Hui , Zeng Yan , Zhong Woquan , Chen Zhongqiang , Li Weishi
Published: July 2020

Background: Posterior spinal epidural hematoma (PSEH) often develops after the surgery within 24 hours. On rare occasions, PSEH happened after 3 days, up to two weeks, which were classified as delayed onset PSEH. Due to its rarity, previous studies only described the clinical features, whereas risk factors cannot be able to assess.Methods Patients who developed PSEH requiring hematoma evacuation between December 2013 and January 2020 were included and divided into early onset (Group A) and delayed onset group (Group B) based on the time of symptom onset (72 hours). For each PSEH patients, 3 controls (Group C) who did not develop the PSEH in the same period were randomly selected. Clinical features were compared among three groups and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for group A and B.Results 32 patients (0.35%) were identified as the early onset PSEH (occurred at 10.68  11.5h) and 15 (0.16%) patients were the delayed onset ones (occurred at 130.60  61.78h). When compare the group A and B, group A showed higher rate of multilevel procedure (Group A: 75%, Group B: 40%, p=0.02), lower drainage (Group A: 239.69±245.70, Group B: 613.67±599.83, p=0.004), lower APTT (Group A: 31.55±4.07, Group B: 35.63±7.24, p=0.018) and higher JOA score at discharge (Group A: 20.68±4.72, Group B: 17.67±4.79, p=0.039). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified multilevel procedure (OR: 5.62, 95% CI: 1.84-17.25), postoperative systolic blood pressure (SBP)(OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06-1.15) and abnormal coagulation (OR: 5.68, 95% CI: 1.74-18.52) as the independent risk factors for group A, whereas for group B, postoperative SBP (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.16) and previous spinal surgery (OR: 4.74, 95% CI: 1.09-20.70) at the same level were the risk factors.Conclusions Our study revealed the overall incidence of delayed onset PSEH was 0.16% in posterior lumbar spinal surgery and the risk for it was different from early onset PSEH. For the early onset PSEH, multilevel procedure, postoperative SBP and abnormal coagulation were the risk factors and for the delayed onset PSEH, the postoperative SBP and previous spinal surgery at the same level were the independent risk factors.
Damage Evaluation of Ballistic Gelatin Penetrated by Rigid Bullets
Authors: Mo Genlin , Liu Jing , Ma Qianwen , Jin Yongxi , Yan Wenmin
Published: July 2020

Introduction Terminal performance of a bullet in the human body is critical for the treatment of the wounded person and the optimization of the bullet. The effects of the initial velocity and the initial attack angle of the bullet on the terminal performance needs to be investigated.Methods Ballistic gelatin was used to simulate the human body. Rigid 7.62 mm rifle bullets were fired into the gelatin blocks. The damaged gelatin was analyzed using the proposed expansion method. Relations between the damaged gelatin and the initial velocity, the initial attack angle were obtained using the fitting method.Results The damaged gelatin block could be divided into two parts: the less damaged part and the severely damaged part. The length of the less damaged part depends mostly on the initial attack angle. The average damaged area of this part depends on both the initial attack angle and the initial velocity. The cracks contribute significantly to the total volume of damaged gelatin, particularly when the expansion becomes larger than 1.9 mm. The total damaged gelatin increases with the initial velocity, the initial attack angle and the expansion extent. The increasing rate may diminish if the contribution of the cracks to the damaged gelatin is ignored. Conclusions The expansion method is suitable to investigate the influences of factors of the bullet on the terminal performances. The characteristics of the damaged gelatin have a linear relationship with the initial attack angle and the initial velocity of the bullet.
A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Protocol Of Observational Studies To Assess The Association Between Sleep And Mental Resilience In Healthy Individuals
Authors: Arora Teresa , Alamoodi Asma , Grey Ian , Östlundh Linda , Omar Omar M. , Grandner Michael
Published: July 2020

Background: Mental resilience has emerged as a recent focus within the context of positive psychology. Resilience is a potentially modifiable construct. Some preliminary evidence from experimental studies as well as clinical populations has indicated that sleep may be related to mental resilience, but little is known about this relationship in healthy populations. Sleep is a complex with multi-factorial outcome, although the majority of research effort has focused on sleep duration and sleep quality. Our systematic review and meta-analysis will identify original research data from observational studies to assess if sleep duration and/or sleep quality is associated with levels of psychological resilience amongst healthy children, adolescents and adults. We hypothesize that there will be a positive association between sleep duration/quality and mental resilience across all age groups. Methods: A comprehensive, systematic search for literature will be conducted in June 2020 (LÖ), covering a total of eight academic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and Academic Search Complete). Sources for grey materials will also be included and experts in the field will also be contacted for inclusion of unpublished data. PubMed and PubMed’s MeSH terms were used to develop the search strategy and systematically identify relevant search terms. Two authors (IG & AA) will screen the articles independently, and a third researcher (TA) will resolve discrepancies. The primary outcome is mental/psychological resilience. The systematic review will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Discussion: The results of our systematic review and meta-analysis are intended to be published in an appropriate scientific peer-reviewed journal and will be made publicly available. The findings from our project are envisioned to inform and educate the public as well as healthcare and education systems, globally. Our systematic review is currently undergoing peer-review in the international database, PROSPERO.Systematic review registration: 191119 (submitted on 2 July 2020).
Association Between Vision Impairment And Traffic Safety Outcomes In Low And Middle-Income Countries: Protocol For A Systematic Review
Authors: Piyasena Mapa Mudiyanselage Prabhath Nishantha , Clarke Mike , MacKenzie Greame , Chan Ving Fai , Olvera-Herrera Victoria Odette , Congdon Nathan
Published: July 2020

Background: Road traffic injuries are a major public health concern. The burden and road traffic fatality rate are especially high in low-and middle-income countries and the socioeconomic impact is profound. Although many authors have studied the correlation between vision and traffic safety, there is no robust evidence base that could be used in advocacy. This systematic review will test the hypothesis that interventions to improve vision function are associated with good traffic safety outcomes.Methods: Cochrane guidance on conducting a systematic review and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - Protocols (PRISMA-P) were used to inform the preparation of this protocol and the Cochrane guidance and the main PRISMA guidance will inform the conduct and reporting of the review. We will search MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO host), Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library. We will include studies of any design which either attempt to access traffic safety outcomes of any kind among persons with any vision deficit or examine vision among persons who use roads. The primary outcome for this review is any measure of traffic safety or surrogate outcomes. Study selection, data extraction and evaluation of risk of bias will be done by two reviewers. A meta-analysis or narrative data synthesis will be conducted, depending on study quality and homogeneity.Discussion: The results of this review will include summary estimates of vision and the effects of interventions to improve vision function, that are associated with traffic safety outcomes in LMICs. This systematic review will fill a gap in the evidence base with policy implications that will be useful for a wide audience and may improve vision of the drivers in LMICs, leading to better traffic safety outcomes.
Role of Retinoblastoma Protein Family (Rb/P105 And Rb2/P130) Expression in the Hystopathological Classification of Borderline Ovarian Tumors
Authors: Masciullo Valeria , Valdivieso Paola , Amadio Giulia , Santoro Angela , Angelico Giuseppe , Sgambato Alessandro , Boffo Silvia , Giordano Antonio , Scambia Giovanni , Zannoni Gian Franco
Published: July 2020

Background

Borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) are uncommon but not rare epithelial ovarian neoplasms, intermediate between benign and malignant categories. Emerging knowledge supports the notion that subtypes of borderline ovarian tumors comprise distinct biologic, pathogenetic, and molecular entities, precluding a single unifying concept for BOT. Therefore, the identification of valuable markers for the diagnosis and classification of these tumors is in need. Among the molecular candidates, the Retinoblastoma (Rb) family members Rb/p105 and Rb2/p130 seem to play a pivotal role in ovarian cancer. In particular, Rb/p105, when in the unphosphorylated form, acts as a growth suppressor and plays a pivotal role in the negative control of the cell cycle and in tumor progression; whereas, the phosphorylated form (p-pRB) activates genic transcription and cellular proliferation. While Rb/p105 is ubiquitously confined to the nuclei of cycling and quiescent cells, Rb2/p130 activity is also regulated by intracellular localization. According to this premise, Rb family members could represent a novel marker in diagnosis and classification risk for patients with borderline ovarian tumors (BOT).
Aims

In this study, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression and subcellular localization of proteins of the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene family: Rb/p105 and Rb2/p130 in 65 ovarian borderline tumors (26 serous, 19 sero-mucinous and 20 mucinous subtypes).
Results

Statistically significant differences were found in nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of Rb/p105 and Rb2/p130 according to different examined histotypes. In detail, the nuclear expression of Rb/p105 and Rb2/p130 was more frequently detected in serous (84.6%) than sero-mucinous (42.1%) and mucinous (50%) types. Conversely, the cytoplasmic expression of Rb2/p130 was not detected in serous tumors and frequently observed in mucinous subtypes (80%).
Conclusions

Our findings suggest that Rb proteins do not play a key role in the tumor progression of serous borderline tumors since they are always located in the nucleus and no cases showed a cytoplasmic localization. By contrast, the observed higher cytoplasmic expression of Rb2/p130 in mucinous BOTs (intestinal) types, is suggestive of Rb proteins involvement in the cancerogenesis pathway of mucinous ovarian tumors. Our results also suggest that mucinous BOTs of intestinal type, exhibiting low nuclear and high cytoplasmic levels of Rb2/p130 might potentially be considered a high risk category of malignant evolution. Further studies on larger series are needed in order to clarify how BOTs could be stratified in different prognostic groups according to their Rb proteins immunohistochemical profile.
Changes of CSF IL-10 levels display better performance in predicting disease relapse than conventional MRI in PCNSL
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zou Dongmei , Yin Jingjing , Zhang Li , Zhang Xiao , Wang Wei , Zhang Meifen , Zhou Daobin , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2020

Backgroud: Establishing diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a challenge. This study evaluated the value of dynamic interleukin (IL)-10 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations for prognosis and relapse prediction in PCNSL. Methods: Consecutive 40 patients newly diagnosed with PCNSL between April 2015 and April 2019 were recruited, and serial CSF specimens were collected by lumbar punctures (LP) or by Ommaya reservoir at diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up phase.Results: We confirmed that an elevated IL-10 cutoff value of 8.2 pg/mL for the diagnosis value of PCNSL showed a sensitivity of 85%. A persistent detectable CSF IL-10 level at the end of treatment was associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) (836 vs. 481 days, p = 0.049). Within a median follow-up of 13.6 (2–55) months, 24 patients relapsed. IL-10 relapse was defined as a positive conversion in patients with undetectable IL-10 or an increased concentration compared to the last test in patients with sustained IL-10. IL-10 relapse was detected a median of 67 days (28–402 days) earlier than disease relapse in 10/16 patients. Conclusion: This study highlights a new perspective that CSF IL-10 relapse could be a surrogate marker for disease relapse and detected earlier than conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Further evaluation of IL-10 monitoring in PCNSL follow-up is warranted.
Digitized smart surveillance in malaria elimination programme in Mangaluru city, Karnataka, India ― a detailed account of operationalization in post-digitization years
Authors: Ghosh Susanta Kumar , Baliga B. Shantharam , Baliga Shrikala , Jain Animesh , Kulal Naveen , Kumar Manu , Koduvattat Naren , Kumar B. G. Prakash , Kumar Arun
Published: July 2020

Background An indigenously developed digital handheld Android-based geographical information system (GIS)-tagged tablets (TABs) device has been deployed in Mangaluru city, Karnataka, India for smart surveillance in malaria elimination programme from October 2014. Here a detailed account is enumerated in the post-digitization years. The study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of the digitized surveillance system under the ongoing health system in Mangaluru city. Methods A software developed for digitization of malaria surveillance was continued in the post-digitization years (PDY). The same digitization year (DY) protocol was followed in the post-digitization periods also. Secondary data from the malaria control software, total nunber of cases, active surveillance, malaria indices, and feedback from stakeholders were looked at and analyzed. Results Digital surveillance was sustained and the performance improved in the 5 th year with participation of all stakeholders. Malaria indices significantly reduced to about 65% in the digitization years compared with digitization year ( p <0.001). Slide positivity rate (SPR) decreased from 10.36 (DY) to 4.3 (PDY4). Annual parasite incidence (API) decreased from 16.17 (DY) to 5.4 (PDY4). There was a tempo-spatial correlation between closure of cases on 14 th day and incidence of malaria. There was a negative correlation between contact smears and incidence of malaria ( r = - 0.907). Good impact was recorded in the pre-monsoon months (~85%) and low impact in July and August months (~40%).Conclusion Software helped to improve incidence-centric active surveillance, complete treatment with documentation of elimination of parasite, targeted vector control measures. The learnings and analytical output from the data helped to modify strategies for local control of both disease and the vector.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from Patient Fecal Samples by Whole Genome Sequencing
Authors: Papoutsis Andreas , Borody Thomas , Dolai Siba , Daniels Jordan , Steinberg Skylar , Barrows Brad , Hazan Sabine
Published: July 2020

Background SARS-CoV-2 has been detected not only in respiratory secretions, but also in stool collections. Here were sought to identify SARS-CoV-2 by enrichment NGS from fecal samples, and to utilize whole genome analysis to characterize SARS-CoV-2 mutational variations in COVID-19 patients. Results Study participants underwent testing for SARS-CoV-2 from fecal samples by whole genome enrichment NGS (n = 14), and RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab analysis (n = 12). The concordance of SARS-CoV-2 detection by enrichment NGS from stools with RT-PCR nasopharyngeal analysis was 100%. Unique variants were identified in four patients, with a total of 33 different mutations among those in which SARS-CoV-2 was detected by whole genome enrichment NGS. Conclusion These results highlight the potential viability of SARS-CoV-2 in feces, its ongoing mutational accumulation, and its possible role in fecal-oral transmission. This study also elucidates the advantages of SARS-CoV-2 enrichment NGS, which may be a key methodology to document complete viral eradication.
Juventudes Rurais: projetos de emancipação social
Authors: Marin Joel Orlando Bevilaqua
Published: July 2020

Este artigo analisa diferenciados projetos de jovens rurais para a construção de seus processos de emancipação social. O estudo de caso foi realizado em municípios do Território da Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul, com produção de dados qualitativos e quantitativos. Os jovens rurais vivenciam distintas problemáticas e constroem diferenciados projetos de emancipação social, que passam pela vinculação nas instituições escolares, incorporação no trabalho assalariado e reprodução social na agricultura familiar. A precariedade material e a desvalorização das condições de vida e trabalho na agricultura limitam a permanência de jovens no meio rural e a construção social de sucessores na agricultura familiar.

Palavras-chave: Juventude rural, migrações rurais, desenvolvimento regional, desenvolvimento territorial.
O Fazer Científico a Partir dos Grupos de Pesquisa da Área da Administração: em busca da criatividade de Celso Furtado
Authors: Silva Raphaela Reis Conceição Castro , Moretto Neto Luis
Published: July 2020

A Administração caminha junto a modernização da sociedade. Por isso, a ciência da Administração é vista como voltada às organizações privadas, o que é não natural e negligencia a realidade desta atividade. Este estudo coloca a ciência da Administração visando a sociedade e não as empresas capitalistas, com foco nos grupos de pesquisa de Administração vinculados à Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Com a intenção de apropriar e re-situar as universidades públicas para resolução coletiva de problemas sociais, ligando-as com a criatividade de Celso Furtado. Esse trabalho visa, então, identificar a convergência entre tais produções e o conceito de criatividade humana. Para analisar os fatores descritos, foram mapeados os grupos de pesquisa em Administração cadastradas no CNPq, localizados na UFMG. O mapeamento dos grupos foi facilitado devido ao acesso das informações contidas no sítio eletrônico da CNPq, onde um total de 19 grupos e 324 artigos se adequaram aos elementos estruturantes deste estudo. Após a análise de conteúdo dos artigos, apenas um grupo de pesquisa, dentro da amostra selecionada, apresentou convergência com o conceito de desenvolvimento e criatividade humana, levando à hipótese inicial de que pouco é feito para modificar a realidade periférica a partir da ciência.