bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface densification of poplar solid wood: Effects of the process parameters on the density profile and hardness
Authors: Zhou Qiaofang , Chen Chuanfu , Tu Dengyun , Zhu Zhipeng , Li Kaifu
Published: January 2021

Poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.) solid wood was surface densified in the tangential direction, and the vertical density profile (VDP) and hardness of the treated and untreated samples were measured. The effects of the process parameters on the VDP and hardness were investigated. To explicitly describe the VDP of the surface densified wood, five indices (AD, ADx, PD, PDi, and DTh) were used. The compressing temperature and closing speed influenced the formation and shape of the VDP. A higher temperature yielded a greater PD and Pdi, and a faster closing speed yielded a higher PD, but smaller PDi and DTh. Increasing the compression ratio increased the AD, ADx, and maximum load, and the poplar wood was compressed in the overall thickness as the compression ratio exceeded a certain degree. The Janka hardness of the poplar wood was significantly improved after surface densification; a higher temperature resulting in a higher surface hardness was explained by the higher PD. The closing speed and compression ratio affected the hardness by impacting the VDP, specifically the PD and DTh indices. When the PD and DTh were greater the surface hardness was greater. By this study, a compressing temperature of 140 to 160 °C and the closing speed of 10 mm/min is recommended, and to prevent the deformation of unheated side of the wood samples and obtain a higher surface hardness, the compression ratio is restricted to 20%.
Physical and morphological effects of cellulose nano-fibers and nano-clay on biodegradable WPC made of recycled starch and industrial sawdust
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Saieh Salomeh , Khademi Eslam Habibollah , Ghasemi Esmaeil , Bazyar Behzad , Rajabi Mohammad
Published: January 2021

Effects of adding small amounts of cellulose nanofibers and nanoclay particles on physical and morphological properties of biodegradable composites made of starch thermoplastic polymer and industrial sawdust were investigated. For this purpose, these nanoparticles were mixed with wood plastic composites (WPCs) at 0%, 3%, and 5% weight percent. Water absorption, thickness swelling, thermal dynamic mechanical tests, and also degradation tests were performed according to corresponding standard test methods. The results showed that adding small amounts of cellulose nanofibers and nanoclay particles can be successfully used as filler and improve overall performance of the above-mentioned WPCs.
Identification of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and determination of their phosphate-solubilizing activity and growth-promoting capability
Authors: Wang Ying-Ying , Li Pei-Shan , Zhang Bi-Xian , Wang Yan-Ping , Meng Jing , Gao Yun-Fei , He Xin-Miao , Hu Xiao-Mei
Published: January 2021

Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms have been considered as a novel alternative approach to provide phosphate fertilizers that promote plant growth. In this study, three strains were isolated and identified as Penicillium oxalicum FJG21, Penicillium oxalicum FJQ5, and Bacillus subtilis BPM12, with a relatively high phosphate-solubilizing activity. Various phosphate sources were investigated, and Ca3(PO4)2 was identified as the effective phosphate source. Factors governing the phosphate-solubilizing activity of the strains included carbon and nitrogen sources, initial pH, and fermentation time. A high soluble phosphorus content was achieved with 529.0 μg·mL-1, 514.0 μg·mL-1, and 330.7 μg·mL-1 for Penicillium oxalicum FJG21, Penicillium oxalicum FJQ5, and Bacillus subtilis BPM12, respectively. An inverse correlation of the quantity of soluble phosphorus content and the pH value of the medium was observed. In addition, Bacillus subtilis BPM12 displayed a prominent capability of producing indole acetic acid. Penicillium oxalicum FJG21 and Penicillium oxalicum FJQ5 exhibited high cellulase activities. These phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms with good phosphate-solubilizing capability and growth-promoting ability are the promising strains for agricultural utilization.
Influence of pyrolysis conditions on the properties and Pb2+ and Cd2+ adsorption potential of tobacco stem biochar
Authors: Wang Xiaopeng , Ibrahim Muhammed Mustapha , Tong Chenxiao , Hu Kun , Xing Shihe , Mao Yanling
Published: January 2021

Converting biomass into biochar is a smart recycling strategy. Biochar was produced from tobacco stems at temperatures of 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C and holding times of 1.5 h, 2 h, 2.5 h, and 3 h. Its properties and adsorption capacities for Pb2+ and Cd2+ were evaluated. While the yield decreased, pH, phosphorus, potassium, ash, and surface area increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature and holding time. Nitrogen, volatile matter, and pore diameter decreased as the temperature increased, with an irregular effect of the holding time. A peak C content (652 g/kg) was recorded at 600 °C (2 h). The highest values obtained for the N, P, and K content were 25.6 g/kg (400 °C and 2 h), 7.82 g/kg and 168 g/kg (600 °C and 3 h), respectively. The heavy metal contents were within tolerable limits. The highest surface and micropore areas of 50.6 and 57.1 m2g-1, respectively, were obtained at 700 °C (3 h). The biochar had a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic C functional groups. The highest adsorption percentages of Pb2+ and Cd2+ (44.5 % and 38.3 %, respectively) by biochar produced at 700 °C (3 h) signified its suitability for heavy metal adsorption. These properties made the biochar a suitable soil amendment.
A two-phase reaction system for selective oxidative degradation of lignin model compounds
Authors: Chen Yueying , Xue Aiguo , Jiang Haomin , Cheng Yujuan , Ren Yuan , Sun Yanzhi , Chen Yongmei
Published: January 2021

Lignin depolymerization through an oxidation method could provide value-added products, but it is challenging in terms of recovering catalysts or separating products in time to avoid over-oxidation. In this study, a process of selectively oxidative degradation of lignin model compounds was operated in a two-phase reaction system. Lignin model compounds of 4-benzyloxyphenol (PBP) or guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GGE) in a bottom phase of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole chloride ([BMIM]Cl) ionic liquid were selectively oxidized by H2O2 in the presence of a solid acid (SO42-/Fe2O3-ZrO2), and the degradation products immediately diffused into the upper organic solvent phase (butyl acetate). In this kind of reaction system, the yield of the products was improved due to the prolonged life of ∙OH in ionic liquid, and the product selectivity was maintained due to the timely product separation, and the ionic liquid and the catalyst were easily recycled.
Development of lignin-based polycarboxylates as a plasticizer for cement paste via peracetic acid oxidation
Authors: Kim Jong-Chan , Choi June-Ho , Kim Jong-Hwa , Cho Seong-Min , Park Sang-Woo , Cho Young-Min , Park Se-Yeong , Kwak Hyo Won , Choi In-Gyu
Published: January 2021

Kraft lignin (KL) was oxidized by peracetic acid, which is generated by mixing acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, to produce polycarboxylates for use as a plasticizer for cement paste. Peracetic acid cleaves the aromatic ring structure of KL and introduces carboxylate groups with ring-opened chain structure. After oxidation, the water-soluble fraction (Cx-lig) was obtained, and the performance of the Cx-lig as a plasticizer was compared with two commercial plasticizers, lignosulfonate (LS) and polycarboxylate ether (PCE). In mortar table tests, the increase in cement fluidity with the Cx-lig was greater than with LS and PCE. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, elemental analysis, and charge density analysis were used to determine the structure of the Cx-lig. Considering all the results, the Cx-lig had a polycarboxylate structure containing numerous carboxylate groups, and their high charge density was the key factor that caused the Cx-lig to increase the cement fluidity more than LS or PCE.
Production of cellulase by Microbulbifer hydrolyticus through co-fermentation of glucose and xylose from lignocellulose
Authors: Liu Huan , Huang Xiaolan , Xiao Qi , Yu Yue , Deng Li , Wang Fang
Published: January 2021

Cellulase is a compound enzyme that catalyzes cellulose into monosaccharides or oligosaccharides. Large amounts of cellulase are needed with the development of the lignocellulose processing industry, which necessitates faster methods to produce cellulase. In this work, the marine bacterium Microbulbifer hydrolyticus IRE-31-192 was selected to produce cellulase, due to its fast growth rate and short high space-time yield. Co-fermentation of glucose and xylose to produce cellulase was investigated on the basis of previous work. When the ratio of glucose/xylose was 2:1 (w/w), 294 U/L cellulase activity with highest space-time yield of 12.2 U/L h was obtained. The hydrolytic liquid of lignocellulose prepared from dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS) with the similar ratio of glucose/xylose was used as medium to produce cellulase. The efficiency of cellulase production from processed and unprocessed hydrolysates of DDGS was compared. Unprocessed hydrolysates were more beneficial for the production of cellulase, such that its activity was 261 U/L with a space-time yield of 14.5 U/L h. Thus, commonly used pure glucose and xylose could be replaced by hydrolysates of DDGS, and marine bacteria has potential application for cellulase production.
The existence of cellulose and lignin chemical connections in ginkgo traced by 2H-13C dual isotopes
Authors: Xie Yimin , Liu Yanchao , Jiang Chen , Wu Hongfei , Bi Shuying
Published: January 2021

To elucidate the covalent association between the celluloses and lignins found in gymnosperms, they were labeled with stable isotopes (deuterium and carbon-13) at specific positions and traced via mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Both the 2H-labeled cellulose precursor (UDP-glucose-[6-2H2]) and the 13C-labeled lignin precursor (coniferin-[α-13C]) were added to a growing ginkgo plant, in combination with a 4-coumarate-CoA ligase inhibitor. The detection of abundance of 13C and 2H revealed that the lignin precursor and cellulose precursor deposited more actively in 300 to 1300 μm and 100 to 900 μm distance from cambium, respectively. The lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) were isolated from the newly-formed ginkgo shoot xylem and further degraded with cellulase and hemicellulase to obtain enzymatically degraded lignin-carbohydrate complexes (EDLCCs). Analysis of the solid-state cross polarization / magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) 13C-NMR of the newly-formed xylem, liquid-state 13C-NMR, and 1H-NMR of the EDLCCs confirmed that the major connection between celluloses and lignins was a benzyl ether bond (between cellulose C6 and lignin Cα). A minor ester bond was also found between the hydroxyl group (at the 6-position of cellulose) and ferulic acid (at the γ position in lignins).
Comparative study on the tensile performance of box frames constructed by keyed joints and dovetail joints
Authors: Wang Shuo , Chen Lu , Xu Li Jun , Guan Hao , Yan Sheng Zan , Wu Zhi Hui
Published: January 2021

The box frame is a common structure in modern furniture, especially for cabinets. Accordingly, the joint contact force of the frame is important in evaluating the stability of classified furniture. In this study, a new type of keyed joint was proposed to alter the dovetail joint used in box frame structures. The tensile strength of the dovetail joint and the keyed joint in the frame were evaluated, and the contact forces and failure modes of these two joints were compared. Three levels (T1, T2, and T3) were proposed for the ratio of groove depth (D) to inclined contact surface height (H), under the condition of the same joint spacing and inclination angle considering the effects of keyed joint size on the contact force. Meanwhile, experimental analysis was performed on both sides (S1 and S2) of the dovetail joint. Results showed that the contact force of the joint under the gluing condition decreased in the order of S2 > T2 > T3 > S1 > T1. In terms of failure modes, the keyed joint could be maintained in good condition, whereas failure of the dovetail joint always occurred at the root of the tenon in the S1 direction.
Effects of biochar on waterlogging and the associated change in micro-ecological environment of maize rhizosphere soil in saline-alkali land
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Yin Dawei , Wang Hongyi , Zhao Changjiang , Li Zuotong
Published: January 2021

Saline-alkali soils of northern China are prone to waterlogging after degradation caused by overuse. The effects of biochar (40 t/ha) were tested relative to the physico-chemical properties of maize rhizosphere soil, the composition and function of the soil bacterial community, and its response to sudden waterlogging. Biochar treatment decreased the pH and bulk density of the soil and increased soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (AN), and available phosphorus (AP). The relative abundance of bacteria (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Nitrospirae) also increased, along with the activities of soil enzymes, such as dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, and alkaline phosphomonoester. The response of soil microbial enzymes to biochar addition was induced by changes in the soil physical properties (pH, soil moisture content, and soil respiration (BR)). Changes in the bacterial community structure were driven by soil nutrients and physical characteristics (AN, AP, SOC, pH, moisture, water-stable aggregate stability rate, BR, and bulk density). After waterlogging, soil with biochar demonstrated high water permeability and improved soil respiration. The relative abundance of soil bacteria and enzyme activities remained higher in the biochar plot than in the no-biochar plot. Biochar maintained the growth and vitality of maize roots in unfavorable environmental conditions, thus ensuring high yields.
Biological pretreatment of biomass to decrease energy consumption in mechanical defiberization process
Authors: Wang Yingchao , Liu Shanshan , Liu Xiujing , Wu Liran , Wang Qiang , Ji Xingxiang
Published: January 2021

It is critical to develop sustainable, effective, and innovative technologies for society, particularly for processing of biomass, so that the green/ sustainable advantages can be extended to the final products. This review examined two-step biological-mechanical defiberization of lignocellulosic biomass to produce fibers. Two biological pretreatment methods of fungi and enzymes were mainly introduced, with particular focus on the energy consumption. Potential application methods, advantages, disadvantages, process economics, and future prospects of two biological pretreatment methods were considered to derive a complete road map for the proposed process. With the help of biological pretreatment, the mechanical pulping production could not only improve the paper strength, but also decrease energy consumption at about 40%. This process fits well with the green/sustainable strategy to produce lignocellulosic fibers with reasonable quality while having minimal environmental impact.
PENGARUH KESADARAN, PERSEPSI DAN PREFERENSI KONSUMEN TERHADAP PERILAKU KONSUMEN DALAM MENGKONSUMSI BUAH LOKAL STUDI KASUS KAWASAN INDUSTRI DI JAKARTA UTARA
Authors: Kurniyanti Nira , Rochaeni Siti , Ichdayati Lilis Imamah
Published: January 2021

Pangan merupakan salah satu kebutuhan primer hidup bagi manusia, yang terdiridari menu konsumsi empat sehat lima sempurna. Konsumsi bahan panganmasyarakat sehari – hari hendaknya memperhatikan kecukupan gizi baik kalori,protein maupun vitamin. Kebutuhan konsumsi biasanya diperoleh dari makananpokok yang banyak mengandung karbohidrat, seperti nasi dan umbi – umbian.Sementara kebutuhan protein diperoleh dari bahan pangan yang berasal daritumbuhan serta bahan pangan yang berasal dari hewan. Sedangkan vitamin dapatdiperoleh dari konsumsi buah – buahan segar. Buah merupakan sumber vitaminyang memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan tubuh. Seiring berjalannya waktu,perdagangan bebas menyebabkan serbuan buah impor di pasaran, dengan kualitasfisik dan rasa serta harga yang dianggap lebih terjangkau beberapa konsumenberalih memilih konsumsi buah non lokal. Pergeseran perilaku inimengindikasikan pergeseran persepsi dan preferensi seseorang terhadap perilakumengkonsumsi buah lokal. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kawasan industri di JakartaUtara dengan pertimbangan Jakarta Utara sebagai sentra kegiatan industri dengannilai produktivitas tertinggi di DKI Jakarta, serta potensi dari wilayah yangstrategis yang berbatasan dengan Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok yang menjadi pusatkegiatan ekspor impor khususnya komoditas buah – buahan.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI SUSU SAPI PERAH KELOMPOK TANI TERNAK SAPI PERAH (KTTSP) KANIA, KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Adinegoro Adam , Daris Edmon , Zulmanery Zulmanery
Published: January 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktorfaktoryang mempengaruhi produksi susu dari ternak sapi perah, dan (2) untukmenentukan elastisitas produksi susu. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kelompok sapiperah KANIA, Bogor. Data diperoleh dari wawancara dan kuesioner denganpeternak sapi. Model regresi linear dan perhitungan elastisitas yang digunakanuntuk menganalisis data dengan Excel 2007 dan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 16.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksisusu adalah tenaga kerja, hijauan, dan konsentrat pakan . Hasil perhitunganelastisitas menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel produksi adalah variabel elastis.
Morpho-anatomical structure and development of fruit in Asyneuma canescens (Саmpanulaceae)
Authors: Andreychuk R. R. , Kolomiychuk V. P. , Odintsova A. V.
Published: January 2021

The most usual fruit type in the family Саmpanulaсеае is an inferior multi-seeded capsule. In Саmpanula and related genera, A. Kolakovsky determined a new type of capsule, characterized by a specialized organ, axicorn. Some types of axicorn capsules were determined depending on the way of dehiscence. In Campanula, capsule dehiscence is called axicorn-fissuricidal mode, while in Asyneuma – axicorn-valvate mode with scaliformis valves. The precise differences between slit and valve so far have not been identified. In this connection, we performed the study of the inner fruit structure and dehiscence in Asyneuma canescens intending to compare the results with those for Саmpanula species. Anatomical fruit structure was studied under a light microscope on temporary preparations of transversal and longitudinal sections. For the first time, the obtained data provide precise characteristics of the inner fruit morphology, the anatomy of the fruit wall, and dehiscence mode in A. canescens. The survey revealed predominance in the ovary of a synascidiate zone with axile placentation. In the anatomical structure of the fruit wall, there we found a parenchymatous mesocarpium, non-lignified exo- and endocarpium, and lignified elements of fruit – axicorns, located in the small upper part of the septa. Fruit dehiscence in A. canescens occurs in two steps. First, during early flower development, narrow-oval dips are formed on the septum radii; during the fruiting period, a hippocrepiform slit at the lower margin of each dip develops. At this time axicorns detach from the central column of the ovary following a curved direction, meaning the formation of the septifragal slit. During the second stage, the longitudinal slits are formed from the lowest point of the hippocrepiform slit to the fruit base. These slits facilitate seed release from the capsule. Fruit in A. canescens we define as an inferior trilocular syncarpous capsule with two-stage, hippocrepiform and laminar dehiscence. Our study confirms resemblance of anatomical structure and dehiscence mode of fruit in A. canescens and species of the section Rapunculus of the genus Cаmpanula with erect capsules. We consider it inexpedient to accept the new fruit type for A. canescens, because differences compared with species of Cаmpanula are derivative and concern the small size of the axicorn slit and the appearance of additional slits only.
Features of neurosteroid support of the state of alcohol dependence and its correction with dosed physical load in rats
Authors: Titkova A. M. , Berchenko O. G. , Veselovska O. V. , Shliakhova A. V.
Published: January 2021

The role of steroid hormones in regulation of the functions of the emotiogenic limbic-neocortical system has been actively studied over the recent decades in order to determine their synthesis in the brain structures and role in the development and maintenance of dependence on psychoactive substances. However, the wide range of neurosteroids and their metabolites, as well as structural specific features of the synthesis of both neurohormones and their receptors make it difficult to obtain experimental data and interpret the results of the study. The participation of progesterone, cortisol, testosterone and estradiol in the development of alcohol dependence and the changes in their concentrations in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and serum under the influence of dosed physical load were studied in 48 outbred adult male rats. Alcohol dependence was modeled by means of consuming food containing alcohol in the dose of 1.25 g of ethanol per 1 kg of rat body weight for two months. Dosed physical load was reproduced by a rat running in a wheel for 30 minutes daily for 7–10 days against the background of alcohol withdrawal. Neuroethological testing of craving for alcohol, EEG recording of the neocortex, hippocampus and amygdala was performed using a computer-diagnostic complex. The concentration of steroid hormones was determined in the structures of the brain and blood serum by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was shown that dosed physical load attenuated the alcohol motivation of rats. On the 5th day it suppressed the electrographic manifestations of paroxysmal activity in the hippocampus and increased the level of the theta-rhythm in the amygdala, and on the 7th day it activated the neocortex with increasing beta-rhythm. This effect was accompanied by an increase in serum testosterone level against the background of maintaining functional tension of the peripheral glucocorticoid link of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system, which was observed in a state of alcohol dependence. The study demonstrated that progesterone plays the key role in allostatic rearrangements of the functional state of animals. An imbalance of progesterone levels was revealed in the brain structures: an increase – in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, and a decrease – in the amygdala under alcohol dependence; a decrease – in the hippocampus with recovery in the amygdala against the background of its high level in the hypothalamus, which occurs under the influence of dosed physical load on the rats under alcohol withdrawal. Thus, the dosed physical load is a promising approach to alcohol dependence rehabilitation.
Amlodipine modulation of analgesic effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis, comorbid with arterial hypertension
Authors: Seredynska N. M. , Kornienko V. I. , Kibkalo D. V. , Suvorova O. S. , Marchenko O. M. , Ladogubets O. V.
Published: January 2021

With the interaction of drugs belonging to different pharmacotherapeutic groups – nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive – against the background of comorbid arterial hypertension with rheumatoid arthritis, the activity and safety of drugs may change with their combined use. Changes in the analgesic activity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, different in their selectivity to the types of cyclooxygenase (diclofenac, nimesulide and celecoxib), under the conditions of their long-term combined use with amlodipine in different periods of inflammation against the background of hypertension should be studied. Using the model of adjuvant arthritis comorbid with hypertension, in experiments on nonlinear mature white rats, the threshold of pain sensitivity has been determined by means of the “tail flick” test. Hypertension was caused by salt load with 1% sodium chloride solution for drinking with free access to it. Adjuvant arthritis was induced by the introduction of complete Freund’s adjuvant into the plantar aponeurosis of the hind limb of each animal with the established arterial hypertension. Against the background of arterial hypertension and comorbid pathology, there was an increase in the threshold of pain sensitivity observed in rats, which indicated the development of hypoalgesia. When combined, amlodipine enhanced the analgesic activity of diclofenac during 60 days of observation, slightly heightened the analgesic effect of nimesulide – up to 42 days, the effect of Celecoxib – in the acute period and the period of manifestation of adjuvant arthritis against the background of hypertension. The antinociceptive effect of diclofenac with amlodipine and celecoxib with amlodipine exceeded the analgesic effect of the combined nimesulide with amlodipine use against the background of comorbid pathology. The results obtained can be taken into account under the conditions of prescribing drugs belonging to the studied pharmacotherapeutic groups. It is likely that the use of diclofenac for analgesia against the background of comorbid conditions is only appropriate in the acute period of rheumatoid arthritis. The use of nimesulide to achieve an analgesic effect in the recurrence of rheumatoid arthritis against the background of hypertension is appropriate in the acute period and in the period of the inflammatory process attenuation. A highly selective coxib group cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, can reduce pain during the acute period of arthritis and during the manifestation of an inflammatory reaction that has developed against the background of arterial hypertension.
REALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PRODUCTS ON CONSUMER MARKETS
Authors: Nencheva - Ivanova Iskra
Published: January 2021

In order to meet the needs of consumers, products need to be delivered wherever they are needed. This is the main goal of each manufacturer through its distribution policy. From the point of view of their purpose, agricultural products can also be regarded as products for direct consumption and as production resources for processing plants. The specificity of individual agricultural products defines the main channels of realization. The choice of delivery option depends on the nature of the product, the financial situation of the manufacturer, the intermediary or the processor, the market characteristics, the traditional channels of realization, the channels used by the competitors, etc.
Kawasaki-like syndrome in children from Greater Poland during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland, Mazur-Melewska Katarzyna , Mania Anna ,   Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland, Małecki Paweł ,   Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland, Klimecka Iwona ,   Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland, Bartkowska-Śniatkowska Alicja ,   Department of Paediatric Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland, Bobkowski Waldemar ,   Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland, Niedziela Marek ,   Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland, Służewski Wojciech ,   Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland, Figlerowicz Magdalena ,   Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
Published: January 2021

Kawasaki disease is an acute disease caused by systemic vasculitis, which predominantly affects children younger than 5 years of age. It is the leading cause of acquired coronary artery disease in childhood in developed countries. Currently, in the era of COVID-19, an increased number of cases, most likely related to SARS-CoV-2, are being observed. Our study aimed to describe the incidence and course of Kawasaki-like syndrome in patients admitted to the Polish department of infectious diseases during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. We identified 6 children with Kawasaki disease within almost 6 weeks of the pandemic. Medical history of 3 children showed contact with a person suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection. One patient had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 serology (a female patient who lived in the epidemic centre). We did not confirm any bacterial or viral aetiology in 3 patients. Conclusions: Based on the conducted analysis comparing the number of cases during the “spring wave” of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic compared to previous years, an increased incidence of Kawasaki syndrome among children from the Greater Poland was found, similar to that reported by doctors from various European countries. The mean age of patients with Kawasaki disease was higher than previously reported. Analysis of clinical forms in our patients showed the entire spectrum from incomplete Kawasaki disease to full blown Kawasaki disease shock syndrome and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. The risk assessment of immunoglobulin resistance using the Kobayashi and Egami scores had no predictive value in patients with Kawasaki disease during the COVID-19 period.
Large Retroperitoneal Paraganglioma Associated with Germline Mutation of the Succinate Dehydrogenase Gene
Authors: Chen Wen Min , Olson Philip , Arcot Rohith , Nguyen Huy , Quereshi Faisal , Kokenakes Courtney , Cher Michael L.
Published: January 2021

Paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare neural tumors that can be benign or malignant and often associated with familial syndromes. We present a case of a 23-year-old male with a large retroperitoneal PGL found incidentally during the workup of elevated liver enzymes. After surgical excision, the patient was found to have an autosomal dominant mutation in the succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) gene, which when compared to sporadic PGLs or other familial syndromes is associated with a higher risk of tumor recurrence, occult metastasis, and development of other cancers. The patient’s first-degree relatives were recommended to undergo screening for the genetic mutation.
Uważnienie zwykłe małżeństwa z powodu braku formy kanonicznej (kan. 1137 CIC 17, kan. 1160 KPK)
Authors: Klimkiewicz Daniel
Published: January 2021

W przedstawionym artykule dokonano interpretacji kan. 1137 CIC 17 oraz kan. 1160 KPK, dotyczących uważnienia małżeństwa z powodu braku formy kanonicznej. Problem ten podjęto z dwóch perspektyw: braku formy oraz wady formy.Wykazano, że w przypadku zaistnienia braku formy należy powtórnie zawrzeć małżeństwo, zgodnie z kan. 1160 KPK, w przypadku natomiast wystąpienia wady formy, o ile nie można zastosować skodyfikowanego w kan. 144 KPK pryncypium „Kościół uzupełnia władzę rządzenia” (Ecclesia supplet potestatem), wówczas należałoby konwalidować ­małżeństwo w formie zwykłej, gdy nie zostało ono zawarte publicznie.
Tempo e sociedade em suspenso/Time and society in the lounge
Authors: Sales Catarina , Araújo Emília , Costa Rosalina
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 pandemic is going to be a landmark in world-historical time. As a moment of interruption, suspension, and crisis, the current times are strongly disruptive and effervescent. Running to anticipate consequences, society is in the lounge, waiting for the phase to pass, expecting the equilibrium to be restored. However, one knows that time flows, and reversibility will not be possible. This book presents a set of contributions aiming to interrogate and understand the meanings of time collapse and anticipate its effects and consequences, from the perspective of the social sciences.
The Effects of Experience on Deception in Human-Agent Negotiation
Authors: Mell Johnathan , Lucas Gale , Mozgai Sharon , Gratch Jonathan
Published: January 2021

Negotiation is the complex social process by which multiple parties come to mutual agreement over a series of issues. As such, it has proven to be a key challenge problem for designing adequately social AIs that can effectively navigate this space. Artificial AI agents that are capable of negotiating must be capable of realizing policies and strategies that govern offer acceptances, offer generation, preference elicitation, and more. But the next generation of agents must also adapt to reflect their users’ experiences.

     The best human negotiators tend to have honed their craft through hours of practice and experience. But, not all negotiators agree on which strategic tactics to use, and endorsement of deceptive tactics in particular is a controversial topic for many negotiators. We examine the ways in which deceptive tactics are used and endorsed in non-repeated human negotiation and show that prior experience plays a key role in governing what tactics are seen as acceptable or useful in negotiation. Previous work has indicated that people that negotiate through artificial agent representatives may be more inclined to fairness than those people that negotiate directly. We present a series of three user studies that challenge this initial assumption and expand on this picture by examining the role of past experience.

     This work constructs a new scale for measuring endorsement of manipulative negotiation tactics and introduces its use to artificial intelligence research. It continues by presenting the results of a series of three studies that examine how negotiating experience can change what negotiation tactics and strategies human endorse. Study #1 looks at human endorsement of deceptive techniques based on prior negotiating experience as well as representative effects. Study #2 further characterizes the negativity of prior experience in relation to endorsement of deceptive techniques. Finally, in Study #3, we show that the lessons learned from the empirical observations in Study #1 and #2 can in fact be induced—by designing agents that provide a specific type of negative experience, human endorsement of deception can be predictably manipulated.
Warrantless Search and Seizures by the South African Police Service: Weighing up the Right to Privacy versus the Prevention of Crime
Authors: Nortje Windell
Published: January 2021

The constitutional right to privacy is enshrined in section 14 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. It is premised on the notion that all persons should be protected from intrusions on their privacy by any person or institution. The Constitutional Court has also, on numerous occasions, held that the right to privacy is bolstered by its connection with the right to human dignity. It is undeniable that every person's right to privacy should be protected. However, a person's right to privacy is violated when police officials conduct warrantless search and seizure operations. Generally section 22 of the Criminal Procedure Act provides for warrantless search and seizure operations when a police official has a reasonable suspicion that a search warrant will be issued to him and that a delay in obtaining such a warrant would defeat the object of the search. Warrantless searches are important for the prevention of crime, but recent case law has suggested that there has been a progressive shift towards protecting the right to privacy of the individual subjected to warrantless searches, since there are a number of laws besides section 22 that regulate warrantless searches and which have been declared to be constitutionally invalid. This article seeks to demonstrate that the current regulatory framework for warrantless searches should be reviewed in order to protect the legitimacy of the police as well as the dignity and privacy of the citizens of South Africa.
НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ КЛАСТЕРНОГО ПОДХОДА К ПОВЫШЕНИЮ ЭНЕРГОЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ЭЛЕКТРОГЕНЕРИРУЮЩИХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ
Authors: Москаленко Станислав Александрович
Published: January 2021

Рассматривается концепция кластерного подхода к развитию электрогенерирующего производства на базе крупных электростанций (ТЭС, ГЭС). Дается характеристика современной тенденции развития кластерной организации экономики на основе концепции формирования территориально-производственных комплексов, как одной из форм повышения конкурентоспособности отдельных отраслей и производств. Рассматривается стратегия формирования региональных кластеров на базе крупной электростанции и агропромышленного комплекса региона, включая совместную кооперацию по развитию инфраструктуры, совместных производств, утилизации отходов, производству удобрений и химических реагентов, развитию перерабатывающих отраслей, расширению рынка сбыта электроэнергии и продуктов переработки. Рассмотрена стратегия государственной поддержки указанного направления и «дорожная карта» на период до 2030 г.
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ОЦЕНКИ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ УГЛЕДОБЫВАЮЩИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ ВОСТОЧНОГО ДОНБАССА
Authors: Смахтина Анна Анатольевна
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматриваются проблемы, связанные с оценкой конкурентоспособности отечественных угледобывающих компаний и проведен анализ уровня конкурентоспособности угледобывающих предприятий Восточного Донбасса
УЧЕТ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ В БИЗНЕС-ПЛАНИРОВАНИИ КАК РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ОПТИМАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОЛОГО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ СТРАТЕГИИ ФИРМЫ
Authors: Самсонова Мария Леонидовна , Исаенко Леонид Николаевич
Published: January 2021

Рассматриваются методические аспекты организации бизнес-планирования с учётом экологических факторов как критерия реализации оптимальной эколого-экономической стратегии фирмы.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К УПРАВЛЕНИЮ РИСКАМИ СЛОЖНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ: СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦИЯ И КРИТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ
Authors: Кузьмин Евгений Анатольевич
Published: January 2021

В статье автором обращено внимание на существование такой научной проблемы как определение «эталона» в управлении рисками. Именно для исключения такой проблемы, автором рассматриваются, систематизируются и критически анализируются существующие концепции риск-менеджмента, выявляются отличительные их признаки, выводятся предположения об их использовании в процессе формирования модели управления рисками. Помимо этого в исследовании уточняются понятия организационно-экономических систем (ОЭС) и управления рисками ОЭС.
СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ИНЕРЦИЯ КАК ФАКТОР УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ТРАДИЦИОННЫХ ГЕНДЕРНЫХ СТЕРЕОТИПОВ
Authors: Тищенко Юлия Геннадьевна
Published: January 2021

В статье изложены основные результаты социологического анализа гендерных стереотипов студенческой молодежи Ростовской области, представлены факторы, обусловливающие их (стереотипов) устойчивость, а также приверженность современного студенчества традиционной культуре.
ВИДЫ И ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПАМЯТИ
Authors: Позднякова-Кирбятьева Эллина Геннадьевна
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматриваются психологические виды памяти в социальном плане. Анализируется виды памяти и содержание памяти. Выделяются функциональные элементы. Рассматривается коммуникация как важнейший механизм трансляции социально-исторической памяти. Рассмотрев предмет памяти через функциональные элементы, автор делает вывод, что эта сторона социальной памяти является внешней для её субъектов.
РОЛЬ И МЕСТО ПАБЛИК РИЛЕЙШНЗ В СТРУКТУРЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-КОММУНИКАЦИОННОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ
Authors: Невоструева Антонина Федоровна
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена выяснению основного смысла деятельности особого социального института в информационно-коммуникационном пространстве современного российского общества ― «паблик рилейшнз». Анализируется процесс становления его как самостоятельной научной дисциплины социологической отрасли знания, места и роли в практическом осуществлении социальной коммуникации.
My Homeland: Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Secondary School Students' Opinions About Homeland
Authors: DÜNDAR Hakan , ERMAN Yasemin
Published: January 2021

Homeland is generally the land where one person was born and grew upand also it is a broad concept that includes language, history, culture and family ties as well as being the land that a nation freely lives on. Homeland is not only a physical space, but a strong association of cultures, arts assets, and language, religion and common past together. In this study, it was tried to determine the views of the middle school students living in the Kyrgyz Republic, whose mother or father is a Turkish citizen. This study was conducted with156 students studying in, the Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Middle School and in Imam Hatip Secondary School. This school, which is connected to the Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education and mostly chıldren contınued who are the citizens of the Republic of Turkey. In this descriptive survey model, the data were obtained from the open-ended questionnaire asked to the students. In the analysis of the data, content analysis was used. 109 students participated in the survey stated that they see Turkey as the homeland. Students were determined Kyrgyzstan and Russia as a country after Turkey. 4 themes and 9 sub-themes were formed in the direction of the students' thinking about the concept of “homeland”. In the research, each theme related to students 'responses was examined separately, and some students' thoughts were also included and interpreted.
The Mediating Role of Forgiveness in the Relationship between Vengeance and Tranquility
Authors: Bingöl Tuğba
Published: January 2021

This research aimed to examine the mediating role of forgiveness in the relationship between vengeance and tranquility. 297 university students participated in this research. Scales of revenge, forgiveness and tranquility were used to collect data. The results indicated that forgiveness played a full mediator role in the relationship between vengeance and tranquility. In other words, in this model, as vengeance increases, tranquility and forgiveness decrease, and forgiveness plays a mediating role in that relationship.  Individuals with high levels of vengeance are unlikely to have high levels of tranquility and forgiveness. If individuals feel more vengeance, they may have low forgiveness and exhibit less tendency to feelings of tranquility.
A Case Study on Teaching Turkish through Distance Education
Authors: Süğümlü Üzeyir
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the status of secondary school Turkish education in distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Turkey according to the opinions and observations of Turkish teachers. The fact that there are no studies examining the use of distance education in secondary school native language teaching constitutes the reason for the research. The research was carried out by the case study, one of the qualitative research designs. The participants of the study group in the first phase were 30 secondary school Turkish teachers, who worked in various schools in Turkey and taught online distance education courses in the spring semester of 2019-2020. The participants of the second phase of the study were 16 Turkish teachers who meet the above criteria. A semi-structured interview was held with the first group, while participants of the second group prepared observation reports on their live courses. The data collection tools of the research consist of a semi-structured interview form and a course observation form. Data collection tools were transformed into online forms and delivered online to the study group. The data of the research was collected over a period of one month and the document analysis technique was used to collect the data. The research data were analyzed using the content analysis method. The categorical analysis, one of the types of content analysis, was used in the study. The data analysis was performed with MAXQDA 2020 qualitative data analysis package program. Visualizations were made with the program used. For data analysis reliability, direct transfer statements were given from the codes where the opinions were concentrated. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the teachers faced with negativities intensely and they could not teach Turkish properly with distance education.
Values Education Processes in Turkish Elementary Schools: A Multiple Case Study
Authors: Kaya Çınar , Ekşi Halil
Published: January 2021

Due to the comprehensive nature of the values education process, multi-method investigations taking all stakeholders into account is of great importance. In this study, it is aimed to conduct an in-depth examination, on the effective values education programs being implemented in a private and a public secondary level educational institution in Turkey; and to compare and contrast the two cases, and to assess several indicators the processes in terms of output behaviors and attitudes. Characteristics and the efficiency of values education processes in the institutions were examined through teacher, student and parent interviews and self-report quantitative scales. The values of education processes offered by the educational institutions were examined in terms of students' value attitudes levels, and their self-report appraisals of the school climate. Also, the data on the values education competency of these institutions and the institutional culture based on teacher reports were collected through self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed with respective procedures and the results were integratively discussed within the scope of the relevant literature. It has been seen that the values education in these schools with various unresolved issues and inadequacies, have the potential to reveal tangible results. Foremost contribution of the present study is envisaged to shed light on the values education processes and potential outcomes of these processes in Turkish schools.
10Xv3.1 Genomics Sample Processing v1
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: January 2021

This protocol is used for the rapid generation of 3’ transcriptomic-NGS-ready- single-cell-libraries from pools of cells. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number's 1U01MH114812-01 and 1U19MH114830-01. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Pengaruh Kelelahan Terhadap Kinematik Atlet Rowing
Authors: Fauzan Trian Rizki , Rusdiana Agus , Ray Hamidie Ronald Daniel
Published: January 2021

Kelelahan merupakan faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas gerak seorang atlet, salah satunya yaitu kinematik seorang atlet seperti perubahan pada postur, sudut sendi, dan kordinasi antar sendi ketika atlet tersebut mengalami kelelahan. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kelelahan terhadap kinematik atlet rowing UKM Dayung UPI. 10 orang anggota Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa Dayung UPI nomor rowing berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah One Group Pretest – Posttest Design. Instrument pengambilan data menggunakan 1 handycams (Sony 32GB HDR-PJ540), 1 Accutrend Plus, 100-meter ergometer rowing test, dan Burpee (Squat Thrust). Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan Paired Sample T-test, dengan tingkat (Sig. 0.05). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada Angle of Hip Joint at Finish Phase (p= 0.005), Angle of Knee Joint at Finish Phase (p= 0.007), Angular Velocity of Hip Joint at Drive Phase (p= 0.006), dan Angular Velocity of Knee Joint at Drive Phase (p= 0.027) saat atlet rowing mengalami kelelahan. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa kelelahan dapat menjadi salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kinematik atlet rowing.