bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of strain level on stress relaxation and recovery behaviors of isotactic biaxially oriented polypropylene films
Authors: Bozdoğan Altan , Aksakal Baki , Koç Kenan , Tsobkallo Ekaterina Sergeevna
Published: October 2015

The long‐term recovery process and the changes in the uniaxial tensile properties and in the structure of isotactic biaxially oriented polypropylene (i‐boPP) films after pre‐extended at strain levels ranging from 1% up to 130% at room conditions were examined by using tensile testing, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/attenuated total reflectance, atomic force microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction methods. It is significantly observed that the pre‐extended i‐boPP films at strain levels from 1% to 6% recovered completely back to their initial lengths and tensile properties. However, the i‐boPP films showed a very slow recovery process and obtained very high remaining deformations changing with time which indicates irreversible structural processes after they were extended at higher strain levels. In order to predict the remaining deformation or length and the characteristics of the recovery process at any time, the linear equation of strain with respect to log time was proposed. The reasons for the changes in the tensile properties, the morphology, and the structure of the pre‐extended i‐boPP films were examined in detail. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42948.
Crystallization behavior and polymorphism of poly(1,4‐butylene adipate): Effect of anhydrous orotic acid as nucleating agent
Authors: Yang Jinjun , Chen Yichun , Hua Lei , Liang Rong , Zhu Dianxing
Published: October 2015

The effect of anhydrous orotic acid (OA), as a biocompatible nucleating agent (NA), on the non‐isothermal and isothermal crystallization behaviors, polymorphic crystalline structure and phase transition of poly(1,4‐butylene adipate) (PBA) was investigated. It is found that the OA increased the crystallization temperature of the PBA in the non‐isothermal crystallization process and decreased the crystallization time of the PBA in the isothermal crystallization process. Meanwhile, the spherulite size decreased and spherulite density increased for the PBA. The OA favored the formation of the PBA α‐form crystal, compared to the neat PBA. In addition, upon incorporation of the OA, the β‐to‐α phase transition rate was enhanced significantly. Mechanisms for the preferential formation of the PBA α‐form crystal and the accelerated phase transition have also been proposed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 42957.
Assessment of sleep problems and related risk factors observed in Turkish children with Autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Mutluer Tuba , Karakoc Demirkaya Sevcan , Abali Osman
Published: October 2015

Sleep problems are common and difficult to manage in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Another major adverse impact of sleep problems is that they exacerbate behavioral problems. To assess sleep problems and possible behavioral risk factors in detail, we aimed to compare sleep habits of children with ASD, with healthy children. The relationship between sleep difficulties and concomitant behavioral problems such as repetitive behaviors, hyperactivity, and social withdrawal were also examined. Hundred and seventeen children and adolescents including 64 with the diagnosis of ASD and 53 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Diagnostic Interview for ASD was performed according to DSM‐IV‐TR. Socio‐demographical data form and childhood autism rating scale were filled by researchers. Aberrant behavior checklist (ABC), child behavior checklist and pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) were completed by the parents of the children. Children with ASD had higher frequency of sleep problems, snoring, breathing problems, behavioral problems compared with healthy children (for all parameters; P < 0.001). A positive correlation was identified between the total score of PSQ and the total score of ABC (P < 0.05, Spearman correlation coefficient: 0.347). Sleep latency was prolonged in children with ASD compared with healthy subjects (P < 0.001). In accordance with the current literature, children with ASD were subject to sleep problems significantly more than the control group. Identified risk factors for sleep problems in ASD children were behavioral factors such as stereotypies, self‐mutilation, hyperactivity, and social withdrawal. Autism Res 2016, 9: 536–542. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics of the bacterially expressed conserved immunogenic region of the human respiratory syncytial virus G protein
Authors: Jalilian Farid Azizi , Jahanshiri Fatemeh , Sekawi Zamberi , Omar Abdul Rahman , Yusoff Khatijah
Published: October 2015

Despite all efforts, there is still no effective vaccine available against the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) that is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants and the elderly. In this review, we examined the potential of the conserved immunogenic region (residues 122–226) of the HRSV glycoprotein G alone as the inducer of neutralizing antibodies against this virus. TheEscherichia coliproduced recombinant conserved region of G (designated as G domain), which was used for rabbit immunization. Although rabbit is a semipermissive host for HRSV, our result showed that the polyclonal antibodies against the G domain protein could strongly neutralize the virus (69.3%), suggesting that the G immunogenic region of HRSV alone has a great potential in vaccine development. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which neutralizing antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus have been evoked using bacterially expressed G immunogenic domain protein without any adjuvant.
Maternal folic acid–deficient diet causes congenital malformations in the mouse eye
Authors: Maestro‐de‐las‐Casas Carmen , Pérez‐Miguelsanz Juliana , López‐Gordillo Yamila , Maldonado Estela , Partearroyo Teresa , Varela‐Moreiras Gregorio , Martínez‐Álvarez Concepción
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

The eye is a very complex structure derived from the neural tube, surface ectoderm, and migratory mesenchyme from a neural crest origin. Because structures that evolve from the neural tube may be affected by a folate/folic acid (FA) deficiency, the aim of this work was to investigate whether a maternal folic acid–deficient diet may cause developmental alterations in the mouse eye.

METHODS

Female C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old) were assigned into two different folic acid groups for periods ranging between 2 and 16 weeks. Animals were killed at gestation day 17. Hepatic folate was analyzed, and the eyes from 287 fetuses were macroscopically studied, sectioned and immunolabeled with anti‐transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β2 and anti‐TGF‐βRII.

RESULTS

Mice exposed to a FA‐deficient diet exhibited numerous eye macroscopic anomalies, such as anophthalmia and microphthalmia. Microscopically, the eye was the most affected organ (43.7% of the fetuses). The highest incidence of malformations occurred from the 8th week onward. A statistically significant linear association between the number of maternal weeks on the FA‐deficient diet and embryonic microscopic eye malformations was observed. The optic cup derivatives and structures forming the eye anterior segment showed severe abnormalities. In addition, TGF‐β2 and TGF‐βRII expression in the eye was also altered.

CONCLUSION

This study suggests that an adequate folic acid/folate status plays a key role in the formation of ocular tissues and structures, whereas a vitamin deficiency is negatively associated with a normal eye development even after a short‐term exposure. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:587–596, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of erbium‐doped YAlO3 phosphor
Authors: Baig Huma Nazli , Saluja Jagjeet Kaur , Dhoble S. J.
Published: October 2015

In the yttrium aluminium system, the YAlO3 phosphor is a prominent host because of the yttrium aluminium ratio (1:1). Phosphor was synthesized by the solid‐state reaction method at variable concentrations of erbium (0.1–2.5 mol%). This method is suitable for large‐scale production and is a less time‐consuming method when compared with the soft synthesis method. The prepared sample was characterized by X‐ray diffraction technique and the crystallite size was calculated by Scherer's formula. Vibrational and bending analysis of prepared phosphor for optimized concentration of erbium ion is described based on the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic technique. The photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra of prepared phosphor for variable concentrations of erbium ion were recorded and the excitation spectrum was found to be at 291 nm with three shoulder peaks at 305, 270 and 242 nm. For 291 nm excitation, the emission spectrum was found at 546 nm and 552 nm. PL intensity increased with increasing concentrations of erbium and after 2 mol% emission intensity decreased due to concentration quenching. Spectrophotometric determination of YAlO3:Er3+ is described by CIE co‐ordinates and shows an intense emission in the green region such that the prepared phosphor can act as a single host for green light emission. Thermoluminescence glow curve analysis of the YAlO3:Er3+ phosphor was recorded for different ultraviolet (UV) light exposures and gamma exposure. Different gamma doses 0.5–2 kGy show a linear response. Kinetic parameters were calculated by the peak shape method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing the spectrofluorimetric determination of cefdinir through a Taguchi experimental design approach
Authors: Abou‐Taleb Noura Hemdan , El‐Wasseef Dalia Rashad , El‐Sherbiny Dina Tawfik , El‐Ashry Saadia Mohamed
Published: October 2015

The aim of this work is to optimize a spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of cefdinir (CFN) using the Taguchi method. The proposed method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of CFN and cerium(IV) sulfate. The quenching effect of CFN on the fluorescence of the produced cerous ions is measured at an emission wavelength (λem) of 358 nm after excitation (λex) at 301 nm. The Taguchi orthogonal array L9 (34) was designed to determine the optimum reaction conditions. The results were analyzed using the signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimal experimental conditions obtained from this study were 1 mL of 0.2% MBTH, 0.4 mL of 0.25% Ce(IV), a reaction time of 10 min and methanol as the diluting solvent. The calibration plot displayed a good linear relationship over a range of 0.5–10.0 µg/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of CFN in bulk powder and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The results are in good agreement with those obtained using the comparison method. Finally, the Taguchi method provided a systematic and efficient methodology for this optimization, with considerably less effort than would be required for other optimizations techniques. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Krebs durch Chemikalien
Authors: Schmeiser Heinz
Published: October 2015

Das aktive Prinzip der alten Arzneidroge Aristolochia ssp., Aristolochiasäure (AA), wurde kürzlich als Human‐Kanzerogen eingestuft. Die Aufklärung des molekularen Mechanismus der Kanzerogenese durch AA im Tier führte zu zwei spezifischen Biomarkern, die dazu benutzt wurden, eine kausale Rolle zwischen AA und Krebserkrankungen des Menschen nachzuweisen. Dabei handelt es sich um AA‐DNA‐Addukte als Biomarker der Exposition und die aus den DNA‐Addukten entstehenden AT→TA Transversionen als Biomarker des Effektes. Mit dem Nachweis beider Biomarker bei Personen, die an einer Schlankheitskur in Belgien teilgenommen hatten, sowie bei Bauern auf dem Balkan, wo Aristolochia ssp. als Unkraut in Getreidefeldern wächst, konnte AA als der Auslöser von Urothelialkrebs und einer Nierenerkrankung (AAN) identifiziert werden.
Paläogenetik der Pest
Authors: Bramanti Barbara , Hänsch Stephanie
Published: October 2015

Die Pest begleitet unsere Geschichte seit der Antike. Immer wieder wurde sie nach Europa eingeschleppt, wo sie Millionen von Menschen das Leben kostete, bevor sie im 19. Jahrhundert aus Europa verschwand. Im Mittelalter wussten die Menschen nichts über Bakterien, auch die Übertragungswege wurden nicht immer erkannt. Die Pest galt oft als Strafe Gottes, auch wurde versucht sie über Verbreitung durch “Miasma” zu erklären. Mit modernen Methoden ist es heute Mikrobiologen und Paläogenetikern gelungen, zu beweisen, dass alle drei anerkannten Pestpandemien von Yersinia pestis verursacht wurden. Außerdem wurden wichtige Informationen über die Evolution des Pesterregers und Verbreitungswege der Pest gewonnen. Neue Daten aus laufenden paläogenetischen Studien helfen dabei, ein Licht auf die historischen Pestepidemien und vielleicht auch auf die gegenwärtige Situation zu werfen.
Ein Vogelkundemuseum als nationales Kulturerbe
Authors: Bergmann Hans‐Heiner
Published: October 2015

Lange Zeit hat das Naumann‐Museum in Köthen ein verborgenes Leben in der Provinz geführt – nur ein paar Kennern bekannt. Kürzlich aber ist es ins Licht der Öffentlichkeit getreten. Mit Schreiben vom Mai 2015 teilte das Kultusministerium des Landes Sachsen‐Anhalt mit: Das Naumann‐Museum Köthen mit allen seinen Inhalten ist in das Verzeichnis national wertvollen Kulturgutes eingetragen worden.
Surgical specialization
Authors: Bismuth H
Published: October 2015

The evolution of surgery
The miracle of liver transplantation
Authors: Tzakis A G
Published: October 2015

An exciting time to become a transplant surgeon
Conducting Cell Scaffold—Poly(3′‐aminomethyl‐2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophene)
Authors: Jeong Euh‐Duck , Whang Jae Young , Lee Joo‐Woon
Published: October 2015

Electroactive biomaterials such as polythiophene (PT) are highly attractive scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. The introduction of reactive functionalities into the PT backbone structure is desired to enhance the biomaterial‐tissue interface for desired tissue responses. Here, we present amino‐functionalized conductive polyterthiophene, poly(3′‐aminomethyl‐2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophene) (PTTh‐NH2), which successfully demonstrates the potential to influence cellular activity. The chemical structure of monomeric 3′‐aminomethyl‐2,2′:5′,2′ ′ ‐terthiophene was confirmed by MS and the polymer characteristics of PTTh‐NH2 were determined by AFM, XPS, profilometer and four‐point probe. In vitro cell viability study with human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) indicates that the primary amine functionality grafted into polythiophene (PT) backbone improve the cell adhesion and proliferation compared to negative (−) control conventional PT. Thus, PTTh‐NH2 could be useful in developing PT composites for various biomedical applications.
Size Effect of Chevrel MgxMo6S8 as Cathode Material for Magnesium Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Cho Woosuk , Moon Bora , Woo Sang‐Gil , Kim Jae‐Hun , Park Min‐Sik , Kim Jeom‐Soo , Kim Hansu , Kim Young‐Jun
Published: October 2015

Submicrosized chevrel Mo6S8
powder is synthesized using mechanical milling of the starting materials and the powder yield is increased by using modified synthesis method. The effect of particle size is investigated using various electrochemical techniques. The submicrosized chevrel shows enhanced discharge capacity compared with that of microsized chevrel, and voltage profile indicates that the low capacity arising from Mg trapping at the Mg‐1 site is improved for submicrosized chevrel. Mg trapping is also verified by ex situ X‐ray diffraction measurement and the results are in good agreement with the electrochemical profile. Open‐circuit voltage measurements and AC‐impedance spectroscopy are used to identify the kinetics of Mg2+ insertion. The improved electrochemical properties obtained with the submicrosized chevrel are attributed to the smaller particles that provide shorter diffusion lengths for Mg2+ ions.
Molecular Modeling Studies of Trisubstituted Thiazoles as Cdc7 Kinase Inhibitors through 3D‐QSAR and Molecular Docking Simulation
Authors: Balasubramanian Pavithra K. , Balupuri Anand , Cho Seung Joo
Published: October 2015

The cell division cycle 7 (Cdc7) is a serine‐threonine protein kinase which plays an essential role in replication and initiation of DNA synthesis. Overexpression of the Cdc7 in various tumor growths and in cell proliferation makes it a novel target for cancer therapy. In the present study, we have performed 3D quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D‐QSAR) studies on a series of trisubstituted thiazole derivatives targeting Cdc7 kinase. Reasonable CoMFA (q
2 = 0.838, NOC = 5, r
2 = 0.984) and CoMSIA (q
2 = 0.875, NOC = 6, r
2 = 0.979) models were developed. All the developed models were validated using an external validation test set, leave‐out‐five, bootstrapping, progressive samplings, and rm
2 metrics. Both the models exhibited acceptable values on all validation techniques and hence were considered to be robust and predictive. Molecular docking study revealed the crucial interaction of the most active compound (compound 49) with the conserved active site residues. Our results are in line with the previous studies. Contour map analysis revealed the important insights that would help in increasing the potency of the compounds. From these results, we could suggest that bulky positive substitutions are favored in the R2
position of the phenyl ring. Hydrogen‐bond acceptor groups in the R1
position could increase the activity. Hydrogen‐bond donor groups are favored near the amino group of R3
position. Long substitution in the R3
position will reduce the activity and must be avoided. Our results could be used to design more potent trisubstituted thiazole derivative of Cdc7 kinase inhibitors in future.
A history of webometrics
Authors: Thelwall Mike
Published: October 2015

Editor's Summary

The application of bibliometric and informetric approaches to study the web, its information resources, structures and technologies, is known as webometrics. Since the name was coined in 1997, the value of webometrics quickly became established through the Web Impact Factor, the key metric for measuring and analyzing website hyperlinks. Link analysis became more focused as link impact analysis and link network analysis, taking the quantity of links as a reflection of research productivity or prestige. Web citation analysis developed to facilitate investigations of links to journal articles, and analysis of keywords and phrases enables linking other types of web content. While webometrics is based in the theory of citation analysis, its methodology and software contributions may offer the greatest value and widest applicability. A study of the ASIS&T site demonstrates link network analysis.
JASIST 2001–2010
Authors: Bar‐Ilan Judit
Published: October 2015

Editor's Summary

The Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (JASIST) started in 2001 after being published since 1950 under two other titles. Prior bibliometric analyses of JASIS focused on author and article characteristics and trends and on geographic and keyword distributions. The current study examines article citations from 2001 through 2010, drawing on three major citation databases and readership counts. Of 1,459 articles, 14 were cited at the top of at least one database, and seven were among both the top‐cited papers and those with the highest readership counts. The top‐cited papers focused on the web, informetrics, link analysis, theory and knowledge management. The most often read were on the web as a topic, theory, link analysis, informetrics and databases. Though not used in this research, alternative metrics such as mention counts in social media, Slideshare, Wikipedia and ReaderMeter can complement traditional citation analysis.
Volumetric analysis of the diagonal band of Broca in patients with schizophrenia and affective disorders: A post‐mortem study
Authors: Brisch Ralf , Bernstein Hans‐Gert , Dobrowolny Henrik , Krzyżanowska Marta , Jankowski Zbigniew , Bogerts Bernhard , Gos Tomasz
Published: October 2015

The human diagonal band of Broca is connected to other parts of the limbic system, such as the hippocampus, that are involved in the pathology of schizophrenia. This study aimed to characterize the volume and anterior‐to‐posterior distance of the human diagonal band of Broca (vertical limb) from post‐mortem brains obtained from three groups: healthy control subjects (N = 17), patients with schizophrenia (N = 26), and patients with affective disorders (N = 12). There were no significant differences in the volume or anterior‐to‐posterior distance in the patients with schizophrenia or affective disorders compared with the healthy control subjects. To date, this is the first post‐mortem investigation measuring the volume and the anterior‐to‐posterior distance of the diagonal band of Broca (vertical limb) in patients with schizophrenia or affective disorders compared with healthy control subjects. Clin. Anat. 29:466–472, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systemic treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma: review of literature and future perspectives
Authors: Buder Kristina , Gesierich Anja , Gelbrich Götz , Goebeler Matthias
Published: October 2015

Up to 50% of patients with uveal melanoma develop metastatic disease with poor prognosis. Regional, mainly liver‐directed, therapies may induce limited tumor responses but do not improve overall survival. Response rates of metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) to systemic chemotherapy are poor. Insights into the molecular biology of MUM recently led to investigation of new drugs. In this study, to compare response rates of systemic treatment for MUM we searched Pubmed/Web of Knowledge databases and ASCO website (1980–2013) for “metastatic/uveal/melanoma” and “melanoma/eye.” Forty studies (one case series, three phase I, five pilot, 22 nonrandomized, and two randomized phase II, one randomized phase III study, data of three expanded access programs, three retrospective studies) with 841 evaluable patients were included in the numeric outcome analysis. Complete or partial remissions were observed in 39/841 patients (overall response rate [ORR] 4.6%; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 3.3–6.3%), no responses were observed in 22/40 studies. Progression‐free survival ranged from 1.8 to 7.2, median overall survival from 5.2 to 19.0 months as reported in 21/40 and 26/40 studies, respectively. Best responses were seen for chemoimmunotherapy (ORR 10.3%; 95% CI 4.8–18.7%) though mainly in first‐line patients. Immunotherapy with ipilimumab, antiangiogenetic approaches, and kinase inhibitors have not yet proven to be superior to chemotherapy. MEK inhibitors are currently investigated in a phase II trial with promising preliminary data. Despite new insights into genetic and molecular background of MUM, satisfying systemic treatment approaches are currently lacking. Study results of innovative treatment strategies are urgently awaited.
Point of purchase or point of frustration? Consumer frustration tendencies and response in a retail setting
Authors: Van Steenburg Eric , Spears Nancy , Fabrize Robert O.
Published: October 2015

The research applies precepts from frustration theory to investigate frustration when a goal is blocked in a consumer context. Predictions are derived, and two studies are designed to investigate the goal‐directed sequence following a blocked goal and the role of individual differences in frustration tolerance in a retail checkout encounter. The findings of the research suggest that when the goal of retail checkout is blocked, consumers adopt either adaptive or maladaptive resolution strategies. Those who take an adaptive approach return to goal‐seeking behaviour, whereas those following the maladaptive path initially resolve their frustrations through resignation. That initial resolution strategy of resignation then produces a second wave of new blocks to goal attainment (helplessness, anger and self‐preoccupation). Subsequently, the second wave of blocks is countered with a second set of resolution strategies (alteration, substitution, abandonment with acceptance or abandonment with suffering). The research findings also reveal that consumer frustration responses are associated with internal versus external blame and with social surroundings or who is watching the frustrating event unfold. The results likewise indicate that attitude toward the company and repatronage intentions are influenced by social surroundings and by individual differences in frustration tolerance (fairness, entitlement, gratification and achievement). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Pendant Arm‐Pyridyltetrazole Copper(II) Complexes: DNA Binding/Cleavage Activity and Cytotoxic Studies
Authors: Mustafa Shaik , Rao Bommuluri Umamaheswara , Surendrababu Manubolu Surya , Raju Kalidindi Krishnam , Rao Gollapalli Nageswara
Published: October 2015

2‐(1H‐Tetrazol‐5‐yl)pyridine (L) has been reacted separately with Me2NCH2CH2Cl⋅HCl and ClCH2CH2OH to yield two regioisomers in each case,N,N‐dimethyl‐2‐[5‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl]ethanamine (L1)/N,N‐dimethyl‐2‐[5‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl]ethanamine (L2) and 2‐[5‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl]ethanol (L3)/2‐[5‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl]ethanol (L4), respectively. These ligands,L1–L4, have been coordinated with CuCl2⋅H2O in 1 : 1 composition to furnish the corresponding complexes1–4. EPR Spectra of Cu complexes1and3were characteristic of square planar geometry, with nuclear hyperfine spin 3/2. Single X‐ray crystallographic studies of3revealed that the Cu center has a square planar structure. DNA binding studies were carried out by UV/VIS absorption; viscosity and thermal denaturation studies revealed that each of these complexes are avid binders of calf thymus DNA. Investigation of nucleolytic cleavage activities of the complexes was carried out on double‐stranded pBR322 circular plasmid DNA by using a gel electrophoresis experiment under various conditions, where cleavage of DNA takes place by oxidative free‐radical mechanism (OH⋅).In vitroanticancer activities of the complexes against MCF‐7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cells revealed that the complexes inhibit the growth of cancer cells. TheIC50values of the complexes showed that Cu complexes exhibit comparable cytotoxic activities compared to the standard drug cisplatin.
Triterpenoids and Flavonoids from the Leaves of Astragalus membranaceus and Their Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Bin , Zhai Ya‐Dong , Ma Zhen‐Ping , Yang Chun‐Juan , Pan Rong , Yu Jia‐Li , Wang Qiu‐Hong , Yang Bing‐You , Kuang Hai‐Xue
Published: October 2015

Four new cycloartane triterpenes, named huangqiyegenins V and VI and huangqiyenins K and L (1–4, resp.), together with nine known triterpenoids, 5–13, and eight flavonoids, 14–21, were isolated from a 70%‐EtOH extract of Astragalus membranaceus leaves. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses, and the compounds were identified as (9β,11α,16β,20R,24S)‐11,16,25‐trihydroxy‐20,24‐epoxy‐9,19‐cyclolanostane‐3,6‐dione (1), (9β,16β,24S)‐16,24,25‐trihydroxy‐9,19‐cyclolanostane‐3,6‐dione (2), (3β,6α,9β,16β,20R,24R)‐16,25‐dihydroxy‐3‐(β‐D‐xylopyranosyloxy)‐20,24‐epoxy‐9,19‐cyclolanostan‐6‐yl acetate (3), and (3β,6α,9β,16β,24E)‐26‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐16‐hydroxy‐3‐(β‐D‐xylopyranosyloxy)‐9,19‐cyclolanost‐24‐en‐6‐yl acetate (4). All isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against LPS‐induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Compounds 1–3, 14, 15, and 18 exhibited strong inhibition on LPS‐induced NO release by macrophages with IC50 values of 14.4–27.1 μM.
The Index Offence Representation Scales; a predictive clinical tool in the management of dangerous, violent patients with personality disorder?
Authors: McGauley Gill , Ferris Scott , Marin‐Avellan Luisa , Fonagy Peter
Published: October 2015

Background

Forensic mental health professionals attach considerable importance to their patient's description of his or her index offence. Despite this, there is no systematic approach to examining and formulating the patient's offence narrative.

Aim

To use the index offence narratives and capacity to mentalize of violent offender‐patients with personality disorder to develop a tool to predict their progress and to evaluate that tool.

Method

In a prospective, cohort study, the index offence narratives of 66 violent high security hospital patients with personality disorder were obtained from a semi‐structured interview and used to generate the Index Offence Representational Scales (IORS). The predictive validity of these scales was investigated across a range of outcome variables, controlling for the association between initial and final value of the dependent variable.

Results

The degree to which patients held internal representations of interpersonal violence and malevolence, as measured by the IORS, predicted subsequent violent behaviour. In contrast to their actual aggressive behaviour, these patients rated themselves as having fewer symptoms on the Symptom Checklist‐90‐R (SCL‐90‐R) and fewer problems in interpersonal relationships on the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. A more empathic victim representation on the IORS predicted better engagement with treatment.

Conclusions

The IORS show promise for helping clinicians formulate the early institutional pathway of seriously violent people with personality disorder, particularly with respect to their overt aggression and prosocial engagement. Replication studies are, however, indicated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing the Metal–Support Interaction in Carbon‐Supported Catalysts by using Electron Microscopy
Authors: Zhang Bingsen , Su Dang Sheng
Published: October 2015

Carbon is a unique and versatile element in nature that can form different architectures. Heteroatom (e.g., B, N, O, P, and S) modification has been proven to be an effective way to tailor the chemical and electrical properties of the carbon surface. Moreover, nanocarbons have been reported to be good supports for metal nanoparticles (NPs). It is essential to study the metal–support interaction between surface‐modified carbon and metal NPs to understand performance. Advanced analytical transmission electron microscopy techniques are powerful tools that can be used to probe the metal–carbon support interaction in carbon‐supported metal catalysts, as they can directly uncover local structures of the surface and the bulk of catalysts at the atomic scale and can also reveal chemical and electronic structural information that is related to their synthesis and catalytic properties significantly affecting their performance. Herein, several selected examples will be reviewed.
ChemInform Abstract: The Solid‐State Structure of SF4: The Final Piece of the Puzzle.
Authors: Goettel James T. , Kostiuk Nathan , Gerken Michael
Published: October 2015

Crystals of SF4 are obtained by slow cooling of neat liquid SF4 and by crystallization from CF2Cl2 solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferroelectricity Driven by Twisting of Silicate Tetrahedral Chains.
Authors: Taniguchi Hiroki , et al. et al.
Published: October 2015

Single crystals of Bi2SiO5 are prepared from a mixture of Bi2O3 and SiO2 (Pt crucible, 1373 K, 2 h) and characterized by micro‐Raman scattering, powder XRD, and TEM.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Structure of Tantalum Oxynitride Perovskite Photocatalysts.
Authors: Balaz Snjezana , Porter Spencer H. , Woodward Patrick M. , Brillson Leonard J.
Published: October 2015

The absolute conduction and valence band energy levels of MTaO2N (M: Ca, Sr, Ba) and PrTaON2, which are promising candidates for photocatalytic splitting of water under visible light irradiation, are determined by a combination of XPS, Kelvin probe force microscopy, UV/VIS spectroscopy, and depth‐resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Niobic Acid Nanosheets Synthesized by a Simple Hydrothermal Method as Efficient Broensted Acid Catalysts.
Authors: Fan Wenqing , Zhang Qinghong , Deng Weiping , Wang Ye
Published: October 2015

Nb2O5·xH2O nanosheets are hydrothermally synthesized from mixtures of NbCl5 dissolved in EtOH and aqueous NH3 solutions (autoclave, 513 K, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Exploration of Disulfide Bridged [2n] Pillararene‐Like Molecules.
Authors: Sonawane Mahendra P. , Jacobs Jeroen , Thomas Joice , Van Meervelt Luc , Dehaen Wim
Published: October 2015

The reduction of cyclic bistetrasulfide (II) and a subsequent oxidation of intermediate thiolate with air gives rise to cyclic compound (III) bearing disulfide bridges.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Cyclopropanation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with Methyl (Diazoacetoxy)acetate Catalyzed by a Chiral Ruthenium(II) Complex.
Authors: Chanthamath Soda , Takaki Suguru , Shibatomi Kazutaka , Iwasa Seiji
Published: October 2015

This new method gives access to intermediates, which are useful for the synthesis of bioactive compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of a Chiral Quaternary Carbon Center by Catalytic Asymmetric Alkylation of 2‐Arylcyclohexanones under Phase‐Transfer Conditions.
Authors: Kano Taichi , Hayashi Yumi , Maruoka Keiji
Published: October 2015

The presence of the N,N‐diphenylaminomethylene group as a blocking group is crucial.
ChemInform Abstract: Weak Arene C—H···O Hydrogen Bonding in Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation and Vinylation of Lactones.
Authors: Huang Zhiyan , Chen Zuliang , Lim Li Hui , Quang Gia Chuong Phan , Hirao Hajime , Zhou Jianrong
Published: October 2015

A general method for the asymmetric synthesis of various α‐arylated lactones using chiral phosphine ligands is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Functionalized Furans and Triarylmethanes from Enynones and Alcohols or Azoles: Dual X—H Bond Activation by Zinc.
Authors: Gonzales Jesus , Gonzales Javier , Perez‐Calleja Carmela , Lopez Luis A. , Vicente Ruben
Published: October 2015

This novel zinc‐catalyzed reaction allows the synthesis of various substituted furan derivatives by using ZnCl2 which is inexpensive and low‐toxic.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Preparation of 7‐Oxanorborna‐2,5‐diene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic Acid Derivatives by the Diels—Alder Reaction: A Selective Access to Furans by Retro‐Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Sultan Nisrine , Guillot Regis , Blanco Luis , Deloisy Sandrine
Published: October 2015

A convenient approach to furan derivatives is achieved through regioselective hydrolysis of Diels—Alder adducts (III), formation of diesters or amido esters, hydrogenation, and retro‐Diels—Alder reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation of 2‐Halobenzaldehyde and Hydrazines: A Facile Synthesis of 2‐Aminoisoindolin‐1‐ones.
Authors: Han Chao , Shen Yang , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang
Published: October 2015

The reaction proceeds with high atom efficiency and the substrates are readily available.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparative Studies on the Enantioselective Fluorination of Oxindoles with Structurally Modified N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimides.
Authors: Yang Xian‐Jin , et al. et al.
Published: October 2015

Reactions with substituted N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimides proceed with enhanced enantioselectivity as compared to the unsubstituted parent compound.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Anticancer Potential of Pyrazolo[1,2‐a]benzo[1,2,3,4]tetrazin‐3‐one Derivatives: The Effect on Apoptosis Induction, Cell Cycle and Proliferation.
Authors: Mingoia Francesco , Di Sano Caterina , Di Blasi Francesco , Fazzari Marco , Martorana Annamaria , Almerico Anna Maria , Lauria Antonino
Published: October 2015

The highest activity in terms of apoptosis induction is found for derivative (IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Water Soluble Analogues of Arylsulfonylimidazolidinone (JSH‐2282).
Authors: Bang Seong‐Cheol , Lee Ki‐Cheul , Sharma Vinay K. , Sharma Niti , Yang Hyun‐Sun , Jung Sang‐Hun
Published: October 2015

Water solubility of title compound (I) is remarkably increased by modifying the structure to the succinate (VIa) and pentanedioate (VIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Bi(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Pyrano[3,2‐c]coumarins Through a Tandem Addition/Annulation Reaction Between Chalcones and 4‐Hydroxycoumarins.
Authors: Gohain Mukut , van Tonder Johannes H. , Bezuidenhoudt Barend C. B.
Published: October 2015

The title reaction is a cost‐effective and environmentally benign method which produces water as the only side product.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of 3,3‐Bis‐(4‐chromone‐3‐ylmethyl)‐chroman‐4‐ones
Authors: Devarajan Krishnan , Balasubramanian Kalpattu K. , Bhagavathy Shanmugasundaram
Published: October 2015

by a base‐catalyzed trimerization of 3‐hydroxymethylchromones (I)
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Functionalized 1,2,6,7‐Tetrahydroimidazo[1,5‐c]pyrimidine‐3,5‐diones
Authors: Lebed Pavlo S. , Kos Pavlo O. , Tolmachev Andrey , Vovk Mykhaylo V. , Boyko Alexander N. , Chekotylo Alexey
Published: October 2015

starting from 6‐azidomethyl‐2‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐5‐carboxylates (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective ortho‐Acetoxylation of 3‐Aryl‐1,2,4‐benzotriazines via C—H Activation.
Authors: Ren Xiaoyu , Liu Jin , Yan Hao , Shi Xiaokang , Yang Sizhuo , Li Jian , Huang Guosheng
Published: October 2015

A convenient protocol is developed for the reaction of benzotriazines with a stoichiometric amount of diacetoxyiodobenzene to selectively give the ortho‐monoacetoxylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: A Clear‐Cut Synthesis of Arteannuin O (IV).
Authors: Chen Huijun , Hao Hongdong , Wu Yikang
Published: October 2015

An improved method for the synthesis of the title compound (IV) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Diterpenoids from Cell Cultures of Salvia miltiorrhiza
Authors: Zhang De‐Wu , Liu Xiao , Xie Dan , Chen Ridao , Tao Xiao‐Yu , Zou Jian‐Hua , Dai Jungui
Published: October 2015

isolation, structure determination and cytotoxicity of new epi‐danshenspiroketallactone A (I) and normiltioane (II) along with 21 known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Total Syntheses of Spirobacillenes A and B.
Authors: Yang Hongzhi , Feng Juan , Tang Yefeng
Published: October 2015

Total synthesis of Spirobacillene A (VI) is accomplished in 6 steps whereas for Spirobacillene B (VIII) 4 reaction steps are required.
ChemInform Abstract: Anti‐neuroinflammatory Diarylheptanoids from the Rhizomes of Dioscorea nipponica.
Authors: Woo Kyeong Wan , Moon Eunjung , Kwon Oh Wook , Lee Sung Ok , Kim Sun Yeou , Choi Sang Zin , Son Mi Won , Lee Kang Ro
Published: October 2015

The cyclic diarylheptanoids, diosniponol A (I*a) and B (I*b), are isolated along with ten known compounds from the rhizomes of Dioscorea nipponica.
ChemInform Abstract: Hierarchically Porous Co3O4 Hollow Spheres with Tunable Pore Structure and Enhanced Catalytic Activity.
Authors: Wang Chang‐An , Li Sa , An Linan
Published: October 2015

Co3O4 hollow spheres are prepared from carbon spheres (obtained by hydrothermal treatment of aqueous glucose solutions in an autoclave at 170 °C for 10 h) dispersed in Co(NO3)2 solution, followed by calcination in Ar atmosphere at 450 °C for 2 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexagonal Ferrites: A Review of the Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Hexaferrite Ceramics
Authors: Pullar Robert C.
Published: October 2015

Review: 560 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Impeded Solid State Reactions and Transformations in Ceramic Catalysts Supports and Catalysts
Authors: Kiss Erno E. , Boskovic Goran C.
Published: October 2015

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H‐activation in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Bandini Marco
Published: October 2015

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Macrocyclic Chemistry: A Star Is Born
Authors: Wisner James A.
Published: October 2015

Review: 5 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloadditions
Authors: Boysen Mike M. K.
Published: October 2015

Review: using carbohydrate‐containing reactants
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrroles, Indoles, and Carbazoles Through Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalization
Authors: Yoshikai Naohiko , Wei Ye
Published: October 2015

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrates: First Cousins of Water
Authors: Franks F.
Published: October 2015

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipoamino Acids as Major Components of Absorption Promoters in Drug Delivery
Authors: Ziora Zyta M. , Blaskovich Mark A. , Toth Istvan , Cooper Matthew A.
Published: October 2015

Review: 170 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Laser‐Induced Electronic and Nuclear Coherent Motions in Chiral Aromatic Molecules
Authors: Kanno Manabu , Kono Hirohiko , Lin Sheng H. , Fujimura Yuichi
Published: October 2015

Review: 52 refs.
Semi‐theoretical prediction of volumetric mass transfer coefficients in bubble columns with organic liquids at ambient and elevated temperatures
Authors: Nedeltchev Stoyan , Jordan Uwe , Schumpe Adrian
Published: October 2015

A semi‐theoretical approach for predicting kLa values (referred to liquid volume) in 18 organic liquids [acetone, aniline, 1‐butanol, benzene, cyclohexane, decalin, 1,2‐dichloroethane, 1,4‐dioxane, ethanol (96%), ethylacetate, ethylbenzene, ligroin, methanol, nitrobenzene, 2‐propanol, tetralin, toluene, and xylene] at various operating conditions (including elevated temperatures and pressures) was developed. It was found that the approach is applicable regardless of the hydrodynamic regime (at uG ≤ 0.1 m/s). Temperatures up to 353 K and pressures up to 0.5 MPa were tested. Two different distributors (multiple‐hole and single‐hole type) were employed. The liquid‐phase mass transfer coefficient kL was calculated theoretically from the penetration theory on the basis of original definition of gas–liquid contact time. The interfacial area a was defined with respect to the liquid volume. It was found that their product kLa must be multiplied by some correction factor in order to take account of the non‐spherical (ellipsoidal) shape of the bubbles. When the correction term is correlated to both the Eötvös number (Eo) and the dimensionless temperature ratio, 198 experimental kLa values can be fitted reasonably well (average relative error 9.3%).
Ir‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of 2H‐1,4‐Benzoxazines with a Chiral 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐1‐naphthylamine Derived Phosphine‐aminophosphine Ligand
Authors: Hu Juan , Wang Daoyong , Zheng Zhuo , Hu Xiangping
Published: October 2015

Unsymmetrical hybrid chiral phosphine‐aminophosphine ligand derived from 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1‐naphthylamine has been found to be highly efficient in the Ir‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of various 3‐aryl‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazines, providing good enantioselectivities (up to 95% ee) and high catalytic activity (S/C up to 5000).
VCAM‐1‐targeting gold nanoshell probe for photoacoustic imaging of atherosclerotic plaque in mice
Authors: Rouleau Leonie , Berti Romain , Ng Vanessa W. K. , Matteau‐Pelletier Carl , Lam Tina , Saboural Pierre , Kakkar Ashok K. , Lesage Frédéric , Rhéaume Eric , Tardif Jean‐Claude
Published: October 2015

The development of molecular probes and novel imaging modalities, allowing better resolution and specificity, is associated with an increased potential for molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaques especially in basic and pre‐clinical research applications. In that context, a photoacoustic molecular probe based on gold nanoshells targeting VCAM‐1 in mice (immunonanoshells) was designed. The molecular probe was validated in vitro and in vivo, showing no noticeable acute toxic effects. We performed the conjugation of gold nanoshells displaying near‐infrared absorption properties with VCAM‐1 antibody molecules and PEG to increase their biocompatibility. The resulting immunonanoshells obtained under different conditions of conjugation were then assessed for specificity and sensitivity. Photoacoustic tomography was performed to determine the ability to distinguish gold nanoshells from blood both in phantoms and in vivo. Ex vivo optical projection tomography of hearts and aortas from atherosclerotic and control mice confirmed the selective accumulation of the immunonanoshells in atherosclerotic‐prone regions in mice, thus validating the utility of the probe in vivo in small animals for pre‐clinical research. These immunonanoshells represent an adequate mean to target atherosclerotic plaques in small animals, leading to new tools to follow the effect of therapies on the progression or regression of the disease. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Endorem®) as a photoacoustic contrast agent for intra‐operative nodal staging
Authors: Grootendorst Diederik J. , Jose Jithin , Fratila Raluca M. , Visscher Martijn , Velders Aldrik H. , Ten Haken Bennie , Van Leeuwen Ton G. , Steenbergen Wiendelt , Manohar Srirang , Ruers Theo J. M.
Published: October 2015

Detection of tumor metastases in the lymphatic system is essential for accurate staging of malignancies. Commercially available superparagmagnetic nanoparticles (SPIOs) accumulate in normal lymph tissue after injection at a tumor site, whereas less or no accumulation takes place in metastatic nodes, thus enabling lymphatic staging using MRI. We verify for the first time the potential of SPIOs, such as Endorem® as a novel photoacoustic (PA) contrast agent in biological tissue. We injected five Wistar rats subcutaneously with variable amounts of Endorem® and scanned the resected lymph nodes using a tomographic PA setup. Findings were compared using histology, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and 14 T MR‐imaging. Our PA setup was able to detect the iron oxide accumulations in all the nodes containing the nanoparticles. The distribution inside the nodes corresponded with both MRI and histological findings. VSM revealed that iron quantities inside the nodes varied between 51 ± 4 and 11 ± 1 µg. Nodes without SPIO enhancement did not show up in any of the PA scans. Iron oxide nanoparticles (Endorem®) can be used as a PA contrast agent for lymph node analysis and a distinction can be made between nodes with and nodes without the agent. This opens up possibilities for intra‐operative nodal staging for patients undergoing nodal resections for metastatic malignancies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved detection of pancreatic islets in vivo using double contrast
Authors: Herynek Vít , Berková Zuzana , Dovolilová Eva , Jirák Daniel , Kříž Jan , Girman Peter , Saudek František , Hájek Milan
Published: October 2015

The transplantation of pancreatic islets containing β‐cells, which produce insulin, is an alternative approach to the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The non‐invasive visualization of transplanted islets can be performed using MRI; however, this requires labeling of the islets with a suitable contrast agent prior to transplantation. The detection of islets labeled by iron oxide‐based contrast agents and transplanted into the liver tissue can be significantly improved using the intravenous administration of a suitable gadolinium contrast agent prior to MRI. The applied contrast agent not only improves the contrast‐to‐noise ratio, but also eliminates artifacts that may lead to an overestimation of the number of hypointense spots and their area; thus it improves the accuracy of automated and semi‐automated procedures used for transplanted islet segmentation and quantification. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.