bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NetH2pan: A Computational Tool to Guide MHC Peptide Prediction on Murine Tumors
Authors: DeVette Christa I. , Andreatta Massimo , Bardet Wilfried , Cate Steven J. , Jurtz Vanessa I. , Jackson Kenneth W. , Welm Alana L. , Nielsen Morten , Hildebrand William H.
Published: April 2018

With the advancement of personalized cancer immunotherapies, new tools are needed to identify tumor antigens and evaluate T-cell responses in model systems, specifically those that exhibit clinically relevant tumor progression. Key transgenic mouse models of breast cancer are generated and maintained on the FVB genetic background, and one such model is the mouse mammary tumor virus-polyomavirus middle T antigen (MMTV-PyMT) mouse—an immunocompetent transgenic mouse that exhibits spontaneous mammary tumor development and metastasis with high penetrance. Backcrossing the MMTV-PyMT mouse from the FVB strain onto a C57BL/6 genetic background, in order to leverage well-developed C57BL/6 immunologic tools, results in delayed tumor development and variable metastatic phenotypes. Therefore, we initiated characterization of the FVB MHC class I H-2q haplotype to establish useful immunologic tools for evaluating antigen specificity in the murine FVB strain. Our study provides the first detailed molecular and immunoproteomic characterization of the FVB H-2q MHC class I alleles, including >8,500 unique peptide ligands, a multiallele murine MHC peptide prediction tool, and in vivo validation of these data using MMTV-PyMT primary tumors. This work allows researchers to rapidly predict H-2 peptide ligands for immune testing, including, but not limited to, the MMTV-PyMT model for metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(6); 636–44. ©2018 AACR.
Novel Insights into Crystal-Induced Kidney Injury
Authors: Mulay Shrikant R. , Shi Chongxu , Ma Xiaoyuan , Anders Hans Joachim
Published: April 2018

Background: The entity of crystal nephropathies encompasses a spectrum of different kidney injuries induced by crystal-formed intrinsic minerals, metabolites, and proteins or extrinsic dietary components and drug metabolites. Depending on the localization and dynamics of crystal deposition, the clinical presentation can be acute kidney injury, progressive chronic kidney disease, or renal colic. Summary: The molecular mechanisms involving crystal-induced injury are diverse and remain poorly understood. Type 1 crystal nephropathies arise from crystals in the vascular lumen (cholesterol embolism) or the vascular wall (atherosclerosis) and involve kidney infarcts or chronic ischemia, respectively. Type 2 crystal nephropathies arise from intratubular crystal deposition causing obstruction, interstitial inflammation, and tubular cell injury. NLRP3 inflammasome and necroptosis drive renal necroinflammation in acute settings. Type 3 is represented by crystal and stone formation in the draining urinary tract, i.e., urolithiasis, causing renal colic and chronic obstruction. Key Messages: Dissecting the types of injury is the first step towards a better understanding of the pathophysiology of crystal nephropathies. Crystal-induced acti­vation of the inflammasome and necroptosis, crystal adhesion, crystallization inhibitors, extratubulation, and granulo­ma formation are only a few of certainly many involved pathomechanisms that deserve further studies to eventually form the basis for innovative cures for these diseases.
In Utero Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Causes Hypertension Due to Impaired Renal Dopamine D1 Receptor in Offspring
Authors: Ye Zhengmeng , Lu Xi , Deng Yi , Wang Xinquan , Zheng Shuo , Ren Hongmei , Zhang Miao , Chen Tingting , Jose Pedro A. , Yang Jian , Zeng Chunyu
Published: April 2018

Background/Aims: Adverse environment in utero can modulate adult phenotypes including blood pressure. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure in utero causes hypertension in the offspring, but the exact mechanisms are not clear. Renal dopamine D1 receptor (D1R), regulated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4), plays an important role in the regulation of renal sodium transport and blood pressure. In this present study, we determined if renal D1R dysfunction is involved in PM2.5–induced hypertension in the offspring. Methods: Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were given an oropharyngeal drip of PM2.5 (1.0 mg/kg) at gestation day 8, 10, and 12. The blood pressure, 24-hour sodium excretion, and urine volume were measured in the offspring. The expression levels of GRK4 and D1R were determined by immunoblotting. The phosphorylation of D1R was investigated using immunoprecipitation. Plasma malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels were also measured in the offspring. Results: As compared with saline-treated dams, offspring of PM2.5-treated dams had increased blood pressure, impaired sodium excretion, and reduced D1R-mediated natriuresis and diuresis, accompanied by decreased renal D1R expression and GRK4 expression. The impaired renal D1R function and increased GRK4 expression could be caused by increased reactive oxidative stress (ROS) induced by PM2.5 exposure. Administration of tempol, a redox-cycling nitroxide, for 4 weeks in the offspring of PM2.5-treated dam normalized the decreased renal D1R expression and increased renal D1R phosphorylation and GRK4 expression. Furthermore, tempol normalized the increased renal expression of c-Myc, a transcription factor that regulates GRK4 expression. Conclusions: In utero exposure to PM2.5 increases ROS and GRK4 expression, impairs D1R-mediated sodium excretion, and increases blood pressure in the offspring. These studies suggest that normalization of D1R function may be a target for the prevention and treatment of the hypertension in offspring of mothers exposed to PM2.5 during pregnancy.
Inhibition of SIRT2 Alleviates Fibroblast Activation and Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis via MDM2
Authors: He Fang-Fang , You Ren-Yu , Ye Chen , Lei Chun-Tao , Tang Hui , Su Hua , Zhang Chun
Published: April 2018

Background/Aims: Renal tubular epithelial cells and fibroblasts are the main sources of myofibroblasts, and these cells produce the extracellular matrix during tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). Histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors exert an antifibrogenic effect in the skin, liver and lung. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), which is a class III HDAC, is an important member of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases. The current study evaluated the role of SIRT2 in renal TIF. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were performed to evaluate SIRT2 expression in TIF patients and unilateral urethral obstruction (UUO) mice. Western blot was used to assess the protein levels of SIRT2, α-SMA, collagen III, fibronectin, and MDM2 in tubular epithelial cells and fibroblasts. The specific inhibitor AGK2 was used to inhibit SIRT2 activity, and targeted siRNA was used to suppress SIRT2 expression. Results: SIRT2 expression increased in the tubulointerstitium of TIF patients and UUO mice. SIRT2 inhibition ameliorated TIF in UUO mice. SIRT2 expression in tubular cells was unchanged after exposure to TGF-β1. The SIRT2-specifc inhibitor AGK2 did not attenuate TGF-β1-induced tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, SIRT2 was upregulated in fibroblasts, and fibroblasts were activated after TGF-β1 treatment. Genetic knockdown and chemical inhibition of SIRT2 attenuated TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation. We also explored the downstream signaling of SIRT2 during fibroblast activation. Genetic knockdown and chemical inhibition of SIRT2 suppressed TGF-β1-induced increase in MDM2 expression, and inhibition of the MDM2-p53 interaction using Nutlin-3 did not suppress SIRT2 upregulation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that SIRT2 participates in the activation of fibroblasts and TIF, which is mediated via regulation of the MDM2 pathway, and the downregulation of SIRT2 may be a therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis.
MiR-99a Enhances the Radiation Sensitivity of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Targeting mTOR
Authors: Yin Hang , Ma Jianqun , Chen Lin , Piao Shiqi , Zhang Yu , Zhang Siliang , Ma Hongyu , Li Yang , Qu Yuanyuan , Wang Xiaoyuan , Xu Qingyong
Published: April 2018

Background/Aims: Radiation therapy is an important and effective modality for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial post-transcriptional regulators that are involved in numerous important biologic processes. However, their potential involvement in radiation sensitivity remains unknown. Materials: We performed integrated analysis of miRNA expression in NSCLC using The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. miR-99a was found to be significantly upregulated in cancer tissue and regulated cell survival. Cell culture was used to assess the role of miR-99a in radiation sensitivity. We then used flow cytometry to examine the effects of miR-99a on the cell cycle and apoptosis in cells exposed to radiation. To identify gene targets of miR-99a, a bioinformatics approach was adopted, and the findings of this analysis were verified using luciferase reporter assays. Finally, an in vivo study was conducted to examine the effect of miR-99a on tumor volume in an NSCLC mouse model undergoing radiation therapy. Results: miR-99a was significantly upregulated in radiation-sensitive A549 cells compared with radiation-resistant A549 cells. miR-99a overexpression was shown to enhance radiosensitivity, while inhibition of miR-99a resulted in radioresistance of NSCLC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. In addition, by bioinformatics software analysis and luciferase assays, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was identified as a direct target of miR-99a. Furthermore, AZD2014, an inhibitor of mTOR, enhanced radiosensitivity and apoptosis in NSCLC cell lines, while mTOR overexpression resulted in radioresistance and cell survival from miR-99a-induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, miR-99a overexpression further increased the efficacy of radiation therapy in an NSCLC xenograft mouse model, and miR-99a and mTOR expression was significantly inversely correlated. Conclusions: Altogether, these data suggested miR-99a functions as a tumor suppressor that has a critical role in regulating radiosensitivity of NSCLC by targeting the mTOR signaling pathway.
Representation and the Person of the State
Authors: Crignon Philippe
Published: April 2018

According to Hobbes, a commonwealth can only occur when the natural multitude of men are made one thanks to a covenantal device. The artificial unity of the political community can be seen as strengthened by the use of concepts that reflect some natural unity, such as “body” or “person”. Both notions can indeed be found in Hobbes’s political treatises, but the degree of importance attached to them varies greatly. The key to this evolution is to be found in De cive, where Hobbes explicitly dismisses the notion of a body politic and substitutes the concept of person for it. This paper examines the significance of this conceptual change by following its trajectory from Elements of Law to Leviathan and discussing its implications for Hobbes’s understanding of civil unity.
What is the Leviathan?
Authors: Sagar Paul
Published: April 2018

The aim of this article is to explore some of what Hobbes says in Leviathan about what the Leviathan is. I propose that Hobbes is not finally clear on this score. Nonetheless, such indeterminacy might be revealing, insofar as it points us in different directions regarding how the state can be conceptualized, and what it is thought able to do. The paper is thus deliberately open ended: it does not aim to definitively settle interpretative issues, but rather to use Hobbes as a way of thinking about the differing potentials of state theory.
A new species and a revised of Sloanea cordifolia (Elaeocarpaceae) in China, southeast Yunnan
Authors: XIE YIFEI , XIE LEI , ZHANG ZHIXINAG
Published: April 2018

The taxonomic status of Sloanea cordifolia has been questionable as a variation of S. tomentosa by Coode. After field investigations, careful examination of herbarium specimens, the results showed that the flower of S. cordifolia is similar to S. tomentosa, and the difference between these two species is hair-related only. The statistical analysis revealed S. cordifolia and S. tomentosa clearly belong to the category of short prickles compared to species throughout the area; prick length of S. longiaculeatae is shorter compared to S. mollis, but the discontinuity is not particularly obvious; the width showed S. longiaculeatae is different from S. mollis, and S. cordifolia is larger than S. tomentosa. It is also the first time that the description of Sloanea cordifolia was completed. S. cordifolia K. M. Feng ex Hung T. Chang treated as Sloanea tomentosa (Benth.) Rehder & E.H. Wilson var. cordifolia (K. M. Feng ex Hung T. Chang) Y. F. Xie & Z. X. Zhang. The new species Sloanea longiaculeatae have been described and illustrated.
Cambarus polypilosus, a new species of stream-dwelling crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Western Highland Rim of Tennessee, USA
Authors: LOUGHMAN ZACHARY J. , WILLIAMS BRONWYN W.
Published: April 2018

Cambarus polypilosus sp. nov. is a stream-dwelling crayfish endemic to tributaries in the Buffalo and lower Duck River drainage, and a reach of the lower Tennessee River in the Western Highland Rim of West-Central Tennessee, U.S.A. The new species is closely allied to the three members of the former subgenus Glareocola, but can be differentiated from each by a combination of characters, including body size, coloration, spination, setation, and form I male gonopod morphology. Several meristic measurements and ratios also differentiate C. polypilosus sp. nov. from Cambarus friaufi, to which it is morphologically most similar. Cambarus polypilosus sp. nov. appears to be common in cherty gravel and cobble habitats, where it is typically found in interstices at depths of 0.3 m or more below the substrate surface.
DNA Barcodes Identify the Larvae and Unassociated Male of Three Onycholyda Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) from China
Authors: SHINOHARA AKIHIKO , KAKUDA TSUNEO , WEI MEICAI , KAMEDA YUICHI
Published: April 2018

A molecular analysis based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequences has indicated that larvae collected in Sichuan and Zhejiang Provinces, China, belong to Onycholyda xanthogaster Shinohara, 1999, and O. fulvicornis Shinohara, in Shinohara & Wei, 2016 (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae), and that a male Onycholyda specimen from Mt. Tianmushan, Zhejiang Province is the hitherto unknown male of O. tianmushana Shinohara & Xiao, 2006. The first host plant records are Rubus inopertus (Focke) Focke (Rosaceae) for O. xanthogaster and Rubus hirsutus Thunb. for O. fulvicornis. The larvae of O. xanthogaster and O. fulvicornis are briefly described and O. xanthogaster is newly recorded from Sichuan Province. The male of O. tianmushana is described for the first time.
Understanding Is Key: An Analysis of Factors Pertaining to Trust in a Real-World Automation System
Authors: Balfe Nora , Sharples Sarah , Wilson John R.
Published: April 2018

Objective:

This paper aims to explore the role of factors pertaining to trust in real-world automation systems through the application of observational methods in a case study from the railway sector.

Background:

Trust in automation is widely acknowledged as an important mediator of automation use, but the majority of the research on automation trust is based on laboratory work. In contrast, this work explored trust in a real-world setting.

Method:

Experienced rail operators in four signaling centers were observed for 90 min, and their activities were coded into five mutually exclusive categories. Their observed activities were analyzed in relation to their reported trust levels, collected via a questionnaire.

Results:

The results showed clear differences in activity, even when circumstances on the workstations were very similar, and significant differences in some trust dimensions were found between groups exhibiting different levels of intervention and time not involved with signaling.

Conclusion:

Although the empirical, lab-based studies in the literature have consistently found that reliability and competence of the automation are the most important aspects of trust development, understanding of the automation emerged as the strongest dimension in this study. The implications are that development and maintenance of trust in real-world, safety-critical automation systems may be distinct from artificial laboratory automation.

Application:

The findings have important implications for emerging automation concepts in diverse industries including highly automated vehicles and Internet of things.
Lest Power be Forgotten: Networks, Division and Difference in the City
Authors: Bridge Gary , Watson Sophie
Published: April 2018

Over the last decade we have seen a notable shift in the urban sociology literature from discourses of division to discourses of difference. This shift has opened up new ways of understanding the complexities of city life and the formation of heterogeneous subjectivities and identities in the spaces of the city. There has been, we argue, a worrying tendency in this process to lose an analysis of the workings of power. While early Marxist, feminist and race/ethnicity debates were firmly located within a framework which highlighted power, post-structuralist debates have operated with a more fluid notion of power, which at times has become so fluid as to evaporate into thin air. Our intention here is to re-emphasise the significance of power while holding on to the concept of difference. We do this by using the notion of power networks that operate at different temporal and spatial scales. These give the city contrasting spatialities and temporalities that overlap one another. The city is seen as a palimpsest of time-space networks that capture some of the ‘presence of difference’ as well as suggesting its absences. These time-space networks of power are considered in the material, perceived and imaginary realms in relation to bodies, interests and symbols.
When journalism and satire merge: The implications for impartiality, engagement and ‘post-truth’ politics – A UK perspective on the serious side of US TV comedy
Authors: Bailey R
Published: April 2018

This article examines the development of US and British TV satire and the consequences for political truth-telling. Different paths have been followed, with the pre-eminence of the First Amendment shaping a US culture in contrast to the centrality of impartiality in the UK. The transforming political environments mean satirists as well as journalists in UK broadcasting are being challenged to redefine the “due” in “due impartiality.” As both try to maintain their classic function of holding those in power fully to account, they face a perception of partisanship which risks further eroding the vital relationships of trust with the broader audience.
Human trafficking for criminal exploitation: Effects suffered by victims in their passage through the criminal justice system
Authors: Villacampa Carolina , Torres Núria
Published: April 2018

The victim-centred approach to human trafficking emphasises the protection of victims and respect for their rights. For this protection to be effective, victims must be treated as such in their passage through the criminal justice system, which can be complex with forms of trafficking that are still relatively unknown, such as trafficking for criminal exploitation. Based on 37 in-depth interviews with Spanish practising criminal justice and victim assistance services professionals, this paper analyses the effects that the failure to identify these types of victims has on them as they make their way through the criminal justice system, paying particular attention to the degree to which the aforementioned professionals recognise the principle of non-punishment.
Treatment with Bioartificial Liver Improves Lung Injury in a Swine Model of Partial Hepatectomy and Ischemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Arkadopoulos Nikolaos , Kalimeris Konstantinos , Papalois Apostolos , Nastos Constantinos , Papoutsidakis Nikolaos , Defterevos George , Zarkadis Ioannis K. , Mikrou Aggeliki , Pafiti Agatha , Andreadou Ioanna , Kostopanagiotou Georgia , Smyrniotis Vassilios
Published: April 2018

Purpose

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury can lead to remote lung injury by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. this study aims to investigate whether support of liver function with a bioartificial liver can attenuate remote lung injury after extended hepatectomy.

Methods

Fourteen domestic pigs were subjected to liver ischemia for 150 minutes and 70–75% hepatectomy. Six hours after initiation of hepatic reperfusion the animals were randomly allocated to a 6-hour treatment with a bioartificial liver (group B, n=7) or observation (group C, n=7). Hemodynamic and metabolic parameters were monitored for 24 hours following reperfusion. Lung biopsies were used for histological, nitrotyrosine and mrNA analysis.

Results

Oxygenation gradually deteriorated in group C, but was not significantly impaired in group B. Histological evaluation revealed improvements in alveolar collapse, necrotized pneumonocytes and lymphocyte infiltration in group B. Nitrotyrosine content of the lung was lower in group B compared to group C (55±12 vs. 132±22 nM/mg protein, p<0.01). Lung mRNA expression of interleukin-6, Stat-3 and E-selectin also decreased in group B. Expression of transforming growth factor-α mRNA did not differ between groups.

Conclusions

Application of a bioartificial liver was associated with improvement in several parameters of post-hepatectomy lung injury. the mechanisms appear to involve reduced nitrosative stress and attenuation of the native inflammatory process in the lung.
A Hybrid Approach to Salvage a Failing Long-Standing Autogenous Aneurysmal Fistula in a Hemodialysis Patient
Authors: Georgiadis George S. , Nikolopoulos Evagelos , Papanas Nikolaos , Mourvati Efthimia , Panagoutsos Stelios , Lazarides Miltos K.
Published: April 2018

Very few studies have addressed the repair of autogenous and prosthetic-related false arteriovenous access (AVA) aneurysms in hemodialysis patients. Surgical management of complicated AVA-related aneurysms remains the gold standard method although covered stents have recently been introduced for the exclusion of such aneurysms, offering a minimally invasive therapy. In this paper, we describe a combination of open and endovascular repair for treating an anastomotic and a puncture-site aneurysm to salvage a failing long-standing autogenous radial-cephalic fistula in the wrist. Resection of the anastomotic aneurysm and reconstruction of the anastomosis proximally was initially performed. Via the first cm of the anastomosis, a Fluency® stent graft (SG) was inserted and it successfully excluded the mid-outflow vein false aneurysm. Such hybrid therapies may be the future of AVA revisions and this trend should not be overlooked by nephrologists and vascular surgeons.
Symptoms, signs, and risk factors
Authors: Jauho Mikko , Helén Ilpo
Published: April 2018

In current mental health care psychiatric conditions are defined as compilations of symptoms. These symptom-based disease categories have been severely criticised as contingent and boundless, facilitating the rise to epidemic proportions of such conditions as depression. In this article we look beyond symptoms and stress the role of epidemiology in explaining the current situation. By analysing the parallel development of cardiovascular disease and depression management in Finland, we argue, firstly, that current mental health care shares with the medicine of chronic somatic conditions an attachment to risk factor epidemiology, which accentuates risk and prevention in disease management. However, secondly, due to the symptom-based definitions of psychiatric conditions, depression management cannot differentiate properly between symptoms, signs and risk factors such as, for example, cardiovascular medicine, but treats symptoms as signs or risk factors in contexts of treatment and prevention. Consequently, minor at-risk conditions have become difficult to separate from proper cases of depression.
Bending property and fracture behavior of continuous glass fiber-reinforced PEEK composites fabricated by the wrapped yarn method
Authors: Xu Zhiping , Zhang Mei , Wang Guibin , Luan Jiashuang
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate bending properties and fracture behavior of the unidirectional continuous glass fiber-reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) composites based on the wrapped yarn method and to obtain an optimum fabrication condition. The composite plates were fabricated at different processing conditions, and their bending properties and fracture behaviors were investigated in terms of thermal, morphology, and fracture characterizations. The results indicate that the cooling rate lightly affected the bending performance; however, both molding temperature and holding time had a significant effect on the bending performance. Specifically, increasing the molding temperature or the holding time was conductive to reducing the delamination.
Optimization of performance and emissions in a biogas–diesel dual fuel engine with cerium oxide nanoparticle addition
Authors: Feroskhan M , Ismail Saleel , Gosavi Siddhesh , Tankhiwale Pranil , Khan Yasir
Published: April 2018

This study was carried out on a diesel engine operated in dual fuel mode by introducing biogas in the intake air stream. Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles in varying concentrations were used as diesel additive. Performance and emission tests were carried out to evaluate the effects of five input parameters, namely, CeO2 concentration, torque, biogas flow rate, methane fraction of biogas, and intake temperature. Taguchi’s method was adopted to reduce the number of experimental trials. Signal-to-noise ratio variations were studied and analysis of variance was carried out to obtain the optimum combination of operating parameters and their contributions towards the performance and emission indices. Results showed that low biogas flow rates ensure better thermal and volumetric efficiency and low HC and CO emissions. High biogas flow rates provide significant reduction in diesel consumption and NOx emissions. Increasing the methane content of biogas lowers diesel consumption and emissions of HC and CO. Adding 25 mg/L of CeO2 to diesel improves brake thermal efficiency and lowers all emissions. While manifold heating improves brake thermal efficiency, low intake temperature is preferred from the standpoint of volumetric efficiency and emissions.
Goods and Service Tax
Authors: Tiwari Hemlata , Singh Shambhu Nath
Published: April 2018

The Indian government has taken a major step in the direction of indirect tax reform. Since 1 July 2017, it implemented goods and service tax (GST) in place of other indirect taxes. The idea behind GST is to bring uniformity in goods and services price across the nation. This new system brings a lot of transparency in indirect tax structure of our country. It will also help in tracking tax evasion. GST will bring a lot of changes in Indian economy. This will also help in removing obstacle of doing business in our country. In this way, it will attract lot of domestic and foreign investors to set up their business in India. Once foreign companies start their operation in India, they will hire lot of Indian youth to do work in their business. This will pave the way to sort out the problem of unemployment in India and enhance our foreign exchange reserve. Business development will further enhance the infrastructure growth in our nation. It will direct the path of growth in government revenue and support government initiatives such as Make in India, Digital India and so on. In this way, GST will give a spur to Indian economic growth prospects. The above-mentioned growth path will make Indian equity market lucrative for domestic and foreign investors. Here, we can say GST will not only simplify indirect tax system but also give a way of further economic development of our nation.
Why Clinton Lost
Authors: Brown Hana , Harris-Perry Melissa
Published: April 2018

Hana Brown interviews Melissa Harris-Perry about the 2016 election.
Queer Pop-Ups
Authors: Ghaziani Amin , Stillwagon Ryan
Published: April 2018

Amin Ghaziani and Ryan Stillwagon on temporary spaces of queer community-building.
Maintaining Supremacy by Blocking Affirmative Action
Authors: Moore Wendy Leo
Published: April 2018

Today, affirmative action’s greatest power comes in its deployment as an extremely efficient rhetorical tool for mobilizing White resistance to racial equity, appropriating civil rights language to serve the goals of White supremacy.
Cross-border Hostilities and Regional Planning in the United States and Canada: What Role for Expertise, Insulated from the “Hurry and Strife of Politics”?1
Authors: Doig Jameson W. , Durfee Mary
Published: April 2018

Woodrow Wilson argued in a celebrated essay that governmental agencies could be insulated from political pressures, so regional planners and other experts could identify social problems systematically and implement desirable solutions efficiently. That goal is unrealistic under most circumstances. But are there conditions under which Wilson’s aspiration might be achieved? We argue that public agencies with divided “sovereignty” may, under certain conditions, insulate experts who can meet these goals. We specify factors that led to the creation of two such agencies and the variables that have permitted them to achieve significant success, but that have led, at times, to disappointment.
War memorial: The Calling Blighty films and remembrance
Authors: Hawley Steve
Published: April 2018

The Calling Blighty series of nearly 400 films were messages from servicemen in India and Burma to be shown to families in local cinemas at the end of the Second World War. They are remarkable because of their cinematic quality and the men’s direct address to camera, and the 64 remaining films reveal much about family memories, public remembrance and representation of the Northern voice on screen. Along with Marion Hewitt of the North West Film Archive, the author has been engaged in an ongoing project to find the relatives of the men of the ‘Forgotten Army’ in the films and recreate the screenings. These ritual ceremonies of remembrance have been augmented by a media memorial, a Channel 4 TV documentary about the project and creative critical reflection through an experimental artist’s film, drawing on the archive material. This analysis of the project looks at the relationship of the Blighty films to wartime film and documentary, in particular, as well as soldier self-representation, and their implications for both family and communal remembrance.
Patterns of invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with severe blunt chest trauma and lung contusion: A French multicentric evaluation of practices
Authors: Prunet Bertrand , Bourenne Jérémy , David Jean-Stéphane , Bouzat Pierre , Boutonnet Mathieu , Cordier Pierre-Yves , Renaudin Pierre , Meaudre Eric , Michelet Pierre
Published: April 2018

Introduction

This study investigated invasive mechanical ventilation modalities used in severe blunt chest trauma patients with pulmonary contusion. Occurrence, risk factors, and outcomes of early onset acute respiratory distress syndrome were also evaluated.

Methods

We performed a retrospective multicenter observational study including 115 adult patients hospitalized in six level 1 trauma intensive care units between April and September of 2014. Independent predictors of early onset acute respiratory distress syndrome were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis based on clinical characteristics and initial management.

Results

Protective ventilation principles were highly implemented, even prophylactically before acute respiratory distress syndrome occurrence. Early onset acute respiratory distress syndrome appeared to be associated with lung contusion of >20% of total lung volume and early onset pneumonia.

Conclusions

Predictors of early onset acute respiratory distress syndrome could help with identifying high-risk populations, potentially improving case management through specific protocol development for these patients.
Extended-release oral treprostinil in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension: clinical evidence and experience
Authors: Coons James C. , Miller Taylor
Published: April 2018

Treprostinil diolamine is the first oral prostacyclin approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) to improve exercise capacity. Clinical studies have demonstrated modest benefit as monotherapy, whereas no difference in exercise capacity was observed with combination therapy. However, these trials were limited by subtherapeutic dosing owing to intolerable adverse effects. Prostacyclin-related adverse effects, such as nausea, diarrhea, headache, flushing, and jaw pain, are prevalent. More recent pharmacokinetic and clinical studies illustrate the dose–response relationship and the importance of achieving clinically effective doses. Therefore, efforts to improve tolerability are paramount. Oral treprostinil is recommended to be administered three times daily in order to facilitate more rapid titration, higher doses achieved, and improved tolerability. Oral treprostinil has also been studied in carefully selected, stable patients that transitioned from parenteral or inhaled therapy with close monitoring for late deterioration. Ongoing clinical trials will determine the long-term effects of higher doses of oral treprostinil on clinical outcomes. This review describes the clinical evidence and practical experience with the use of oral treprostinil for PAH.
Agreement of screening tools with established questionnaires used in psychological assessment of bariatric patients
Authors: Lew Henry Yuen Foong , Zainal Kelly Ann
Published: April 2018

Background:

Depression and binge eating contributes to less weight loss after bariatric surgery. The lack of standardized assessment of depression and binge eating in bariatric patients makes it hard to identify and provide treatment to relevant patients. This study aimed to enhance the accuracy of identifying binge eating and depression in bariatric patients before surgery. We determined the agreement of brief screening tools for depression, binge eating and quality of life with established questionnaires used in psychological assessment of bariatric patients.

Methods:

In total, 120 patients completed both screening tools and established questionnaires before surgery during their psychological assessment sessions. Cohen’s kappa was conducted to determine whether Patient Health Questionnaire-2 agreed with the Beck Depression Inventory II in identifying depression; and if Patient Health Questionnaire-Binge agreed with the Binge Eating Scale in identifying binge eating. To investigate the degree of agreeableness between the RAND 36-Item Health Survey and Moorehead–Ardelt Quality of Life Questionnaire II on quality of life, Bland Altman analysis was performed.

Results:

Our results show that agreement between Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and Beck Depression Inventory II ( k=0.35) was fair. We found that agreement between Patient Health Questionnaire-Binge and Binge Eating Scale ( k=0.41) was moderate.

Conclusions:

These results indicate that the respective brief instruments’ identification of depression and binge eating is comparable to established questionnaires. Our results play a role in offering brief screening tools to be included at different points of assessment, together with established questionnaires and clinical interviews for a more accurate and comprehensive assessment.
Development of a magnetic composite material for measurement of residual limb displacements in prosthetic sockets
Authors: Weathersby Ethan J , Cagle John C , Larsen Brian G , Henrikson Katrina M , Sanders Joan E
Published: April 2018

Introduction

Wearable limb–socket displacement sensors may help patients and prosthetists identify a deteriorating socket fit and justify the need for repair or replacement.

Methods

A novel sensor using an inductive sensing modality was developed to detect limb-to-socket distances. Key detection elements were a coil antenna placed in the socket wall and a magnetic composite sheath worn over the outside of the prosthesis user's elastomeric liner. The sheath was a nylon or cotton prosthetic stocking coated with a polyurethane composite. The polyurethane composite contained embedded iron particles (75 wt%).

Results

Brushing γ-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane onto the sheath fabric, coating it first with unfilled polyurethane and then iron-filled polyurethane, enhanced bonding between the sheath and the composite and overcame mechanical degradation problems. A γ-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane-rich fumed silica layer applied to the outside of the sheath reduced friction and improved durability. Field testing demonstrated less than a 3% signal degradation from four weeks of field use.

Conclusions

The developed wearable displacement sensor meets durability and performance needs, and is ready for large-scale clinical testing.
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Vacuole Contact Sites “Bloom” With Stress-Induced Lipid Droplets
Authors: Henne W. Mike , Hariri Hanaa
Published: April 2018

Lipid droplets (LDs) serve as specialized cytoplasmic organelles that harbor energy-rich lipids for long-term storage and may be mobilized as nutrient sources during extended starvation. How cells coordinate LD biogenesis and utilization in response to fluctuations in nutrient availability remains poorly understood. Here, we discuss our recent work revealing how yeast spatially organize LD budding at organelle contacts formed between the endoplasmic reticulum and yeast vacuole/lysosome (sites known as nucleus-vacuole junctions [NVJs]). During times of imminent nutrient exhaustion, we observe blooms of stress-induced LDs surrounding the NVJ and find that this LD clustering is regulated by NVJ-resident protein Mdm1. We also discuss several emerging studies revealing specific proteins that demarcate a subpopulation of NVJ-associated LDs. Collectively, these studies reveal a previously unappreciated role for the spatial compartmentalization of LDs at organelle contacts and highlight an important role for interorganellar cross talk in LD dynamics under times of nutritional stress.
Selenoproteins regulate stress erythroid progenitors and spleen microenvironment during stress erythropoiesis
Authors: Liao Chang , Hardison Ross C. , Kennett Mary J. , Carlson Bradley A. , Paulson Robert F. , Prabhu K. Sandeep
Published: April 2018

Key Points

Selenoproteins, and in particular SelenoW, are required for stress erythroid progenitor proliferation and maturation. Macrophages require selenoproteins to maintain erythropoietic niche competency.
Light chain type predicts organ involvement and survival in AL amyloidosis patients receiving stem cell transplantation
Authors: Sidiqi M Hasib , Aljama Mohammed A. , Muchtar Eli , Buadi Francis K. , Warsame Rahma , Lacy Martha Q. , Dispenzieri Angela , Dingli David , Leung Nelson , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Kumar Shaji K. , Kapoor Prashant , Kourelis Taxiarchis V. , Hogan William J. , Gertz Morie A.
Published: April 2018

Key Points

λ Light chain AL amyloidosis is associated with a shorter PFS and OS compared with κ. Light chain type predicts likelihood of organ involvement in AL amyloidosis.
Intrahepatic bile ducts guide establishment of the intrahepatic nerve network in developing and regenerating mouse liver
Authors: Tanimizu Naoki , Ichinohe Norihisa , Mitaka Toshihiro
Published: April 2018

Epithelial organs consist of multiple tissue structures such as epithelial sheets, blood vessels, and nerves, which are spatially organized to achieve optimal physiological functions. The hepatic nervous system has been implicated in physiological functions and regeneration of the liver. However, the processes of development and reconstruction of the intrahepatic nerve network and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that class III β-tubulin (TUBB3)+ nerve fibers are not distributed in intrahepatic tissue at embryonic day 17.5; they gradually extend along the periportal tissue, including intrahepatic bile ducts (IHBDs), after birth. Nerve growth factor (Ngf) expression increased in biliary epithelial cells (BECs) and mesenchymal cells next to BECs before nerve fiber extension, and Ngf was upregulated by Hes1. Ectopic NGF expression in mature hepatocytes induced nerve fiber extension into the parenchymal region, where they are normally excluded. Furthermore, after BECs were damaged by administration of 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane, the nerve network appeared shrunken; however, it was reconstructed after IHBD regeneration, depending on the NGF signal. These results suggest that IHBDs guide extension of nerve fibers by secreting NGF during development and regeneration.
Exercise Reduces Dopamine D1R and Increases D2R in Rats: Implications for Addiction
Authors: ROBISON LISA S. , SWENSON SABRINA , HAMILTON JOHN , THANOS PANAYOTIS K.
Published: April 2018

Introduction

Exercise has been shown to be effective for preventing and treating substance abuse in both clinical and preclinical studies. Less is known, however, regarding the underlying neurobiological mechanisms driving these changes in drug-seeking behavior. One possibility is that exercise may alter the mesolimbic dopamine pathway in such a way that makes drugs of abuse less salient and/or rewarding.

Methods

To examine possible exercise-induced changes in dopamine signaling, male and female Lewis rats were split into exercise and sedentary groups at 8 wk of age. Exercise rats were run on a treadmill at 10 m·min−1, 5 d·wk−1, for 6 wk, whereas sedentary rats remained in their home cage. Rats were killed after the 6 wk of treatment, and their brains were used for in vitro autoradiography using [3H]SCH 23,390, [3H]Spiperone, and [3H]WIN55,428 ligands to quantify dopamine type 1-like receptor (D1R)-like, dopamine type 2-like receptor (D2R)-like, and dopamine transporter binding, respectively.

Results

Exercised rats had 18% and 21% lower D1R-like binding levels compared to sedentary rats within the olfactory tubercle and nucleus accumbens shell, respectively. In addition, male and female exercise rats showed greater D2R-like binding levels within the dorsomedial caudate putamen (30%), ventrolateral caudate putamen (24%), and ventromedial caudate putamen (27%), as well as the olfactory tubercle (19%). Greater D2R-like binding in the nucleus accumbens core (24%) and shell (25%) of exercised rats compared with sedentary rats approached significance. No effects were found for dopamine transporter binding.

Conclusions

These findings support the hypothesis that aerobic exercise results in changes in the mesolimbic pathway that could mediate exercise-induced attenuation of drug-seeking behavior.
Cineclube GV
Authors: Guimarães Rosana Córdova , Santos Aline Lilian dos , Diniz Eduardo Henrique
Published: April 2018

O cineclube GV exibiu os mais diversos filmes, resistiu à ditadura militar e contribuiu para a formação de público nos cinemas. Conheça a história de um dos principais cineclubes que fazem parte da memória de São Paulo.
Medindo a felicidade do brasileiro
Authors: Garcia Fabio Gallo , Mendes-da-Silva Wesley
Published: April 2018

De que forma a felicidade, ou, em certos casos, a falta dela, afeta o dia-a-dia do brasileiro? Em quais aspectos da vida somos mais felizes? Um projeto em desenvolvimento na FGV-EAESP tem por objetivo apresentar respostas.
A riqueza escondida
Authors: Parente Juracy G. , Barki Edgard
Published: April 2018

Livro discute a necessidade de as empresas mudarem sua mentalidade em relação ao mercado representado pelas populações de baixa renda. Para o autor, a identificação das necessidades do consumidor de baixa renda deve vir acompanhada de ação social e geração de valor econômico para empresas e populações.
A EDUCAÇÃO COMO ARTE DOS ENCONTROS
Authors: Dos Reis Leonardo Rangel
Published: April 2018

O presente ensaio é estruturado em torno da crítica ao antropocentrismo. Trata-se de uma crítica que problematiza a limitada/restrita construção de mundo que tal princípio nos impõe, pois, sem um rompimento definitivo com o antropocentrismo não é possível liberar a potência da diferença, nos circuitos criativos dos diversos devires e dos novos modos de existência. Em torno disso, a educação e os empreendimentos curriculares, bem como as demandas formativas que se depreendem desses processos, poderão ser de grande valia, na medida em que funcionem como potentes instâncias ontológicas, ecológicas, epistemológicas, existenciais etc., nos ajudando na composição/configuração de novos mundos possíveis. Nesse sentido, a educação torna-se, ao mesmo tempo, um empreendimento crítico e criativo, pois, além de problematizar o existente, ajuda a constituir o novo. Por isso, também consiste num potente mobilizador/criador de existências: de novos modos de vida. Assim, compreende-se que uma das formas de liberarmos a diversidade de modos de vida, na atual aridez que nos encontramos, é resgatar e/ou problematizar a potência dos movimentos que se dão através das possibilidades de encontros, pois o encontro nos mobiliza em relação a um mundo que se encontra sempre em devir.
UM OLHAR SOBRE UMA INFÂNCIA INDÍGENA - Entrevista de Beatriz Fabiana Olarieta, Conceição Firmina Seixas Silva, Lisandra Ogg Gomes com Paula Mendonça de Menezes
Authors: Seixas Silva Conceição Firmina , Olarieta Beatriz Fabiana , Gomes Lisandra Ogg
Published: April 2018

O manuscrito refere-se à uma entrevista.
LAN-Based Vehicle Information System for Motor Vehicle Registration Office
Authors: Val encia Van essa Mae E. , Israel Regojos Jude , Renz Ferrer Jet , D. Mobo Froilan
Published: April 2018

The proponents of this study proposed the idea of making a LAN-Based Vehicle Information System to improve the conventional method of record administration for Engine Vehicle Enlistment Office. The illustrative strategy for inquire about was connected to the investigation. Research and meetings were led to fortify the assumption of issues and hidden issues on various zones of the ebb and flow data framework were found in light of the respondent's answers. The LAN-Based Vehicle Data framework won't just evaluate yet will likewise lighten the issue and tedious procedure of the old framework. Also, the proposed framework would yield ongoing procedures and more advantageous. The goal of this examination is to have a data framework that is more proficient and bother free in record administration. The investigation presents advancement of data frameworks from the conventional to the top of the line innovation. Uncovering the mechanics of the said framework and displaying information upheld points of interest that can be picked up utilizing LAN-Based Data Framework. Sorted out interface and usefulness gives speed and productivity, end of problem and lessen of time.