bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Battery Storage Plants
Authors: Walker Loren H.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Applications of Battery Storage Plants

Battery Considerations

Selecting and Rating the Converter

Conceptual Design of a Voltage Source Converter for a Battery Energy Storage System
Electrorheology
Authors: Fu Liang , Resca Lorenzo
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Composition and Properties of ER Fluids

Basic Requirements for Engineering and Commercial Applications of ER Fluids

Functioning and Design of Basic ER Devices

Newtonian Fluids and Elastic Solids

Non‐Newtonian Fluids

ER Fluid Rheology

ER Fluid Rheometry

Theoretical Models and Simulations of ER Phenomena

Theory and Computation of Electrical Interactions in ER Fluids
Field Ionization
Authors: Schweizer W.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Field Ionization

Photoionization
Fusion Plasmas
Authors: Greenwald Martin
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Controlled Fusion

Plasmas: Basic Processes

Magnetohydrodynamics

Waves in Plasma

Transport

Heating, Current Drive, and Fueling
Electron Impact Ionization
Authors: Srivastava S. K.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Measurement of Cross Sections

Ionization Properties of Radicals and Excited States

Polar Dissociation

Dissociation of Molecules into Neutral Species

Ionization Properties at the Threshold of Ionization

Additivity Rule

Kinetic Energies of the Fragment Ions

Conclusions
Plasma Chemistry
Authors: Pearton S. J.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Model System: F2‐Based Etching of SiO2

Etching of Si

Etching of Al and Al alloys

Etching of Refractory Metals and Silicides

Etching of Photoresist and Polymers

Loading and Aspect‐Ratio‐Dependent Etching

Damage and Residues

Plasma Analytical Techniques

Compound Semiconductor Etching
Plasma Deposition
Authors: Adjaottor Albert A. , Meletis Efstathios I.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Basic Principles of PECVD

Equipment Used in PECVD

Future Trends
Plasma Implantation
Authors: Booske John H. , Matyi Richard J. , Conrad John R. , Sridharan Kumar
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Comparison ofPSIIwith Beamline Implantation

Physics ofPSIIPlasma

Applications

Other Materials and Plasma Systems

Commercialization Issues
Plasma Switches
Authors: Hegeler Frank
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

General Switch Parameters

Gas Spark Gaps

Surface Discharge Switches

Diffuse Discharge Opening Switch

Plasma Opening Switches

Plasma Flow Switches

Thyratrons

Tacitrons

Crossatrons

Pseudospark Switches

Ignitrons
Plasma Turbulence
Authors: Horton W. , Hu G.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Current‐Driven Turbulence

Spatial‐Gradient‐Driven Turbulence in Magnetized Plasma

Acknowledgments
Thermal Spray Coatings
Authors: Fauchais P. , Vardelle A.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Coating Formation

Plasma Spraying

Arc Spraying

Sprayed Materials

Applications

Plasma Transferred ARCS

Finishing Treatments
Acousto‐optical Devices
Authors: Tsai Chen S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Bulk‐Wave Acousto‐Optic Interactions

Guided‐Wave Noncollinear Acousto‐Optic Interactions

Guided‐Wave Collinear Acousto‐Optic Interactions
Integrated Optoelectronics
Authors: Wood Thomas H. , Chandrasekhar S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Base Components

Integration Technology

Example Devices

Conclusion
Optical Harmonic Generation Parametric Devices
Authors: Boulanger B. , Fève J. P.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Nonlinear Optics: an Actual and Wide Field Of Optics Research

Main Applications of Parametric Devices

Induced Macroscopic Polarization

Electromagnetic Energy Exchange

Nonlinear Materials

Propagation of the Waves in the Nonlinear Medium

Second Harmonic Generation

Optical Parametric Generators and Amplifiers

Optical Parametric Oscillators

Recent Advances in Frequency Conversion
Optical Waveguide Components
Authors: Zhou Weimin , Shen Hongen P. , Pamulapati Jagadeesh , Dutta Mitra
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Waveguide Theory

Waveguide Devices for Emission, Amplification, and Detection

Optical Waveguide Modulators and Switches
Chemical Lasers
Authors: Perram Glen P.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Chemical Laser

Chemical Laser Performance

The Metastable‐Energy‐Transfer Chemical Laser

The Chemical Oxygen–Iodine Laser

Short Wavelength Chemical Laser

The Airborne Laser

Conclusions
Coherence
Authors: Hartemann F. V. , Luhmann N. C. , Le Sage Gregory P. , Baldis H. A.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Coherence in Free‐Electron Devices

Coherence in Quantum Devices

Coherent Effects in Laser Produced Plasmas
Focal Planes
Authors: Yardımcı Yasemin , Cadzow James A.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Noise and uncertainties

Multiple Point Source Location Problem

Outlier Detection

Subspace Methods

Special Case: Gaussian Point Sources
Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Mohammad S. Noor , Morkoç Hadis
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

A Device Physics Primer

Model

Device Structures

Semiconductor Materials Used

Performance Characteristics of Visible Light Emitting Diodes

Infrared Light Emitting Diodes

Conclusions

Acknowledgments
Faraday Effect
Authors: Wilson Donald K.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Optical Isolators

Magneto‐Optic Effect

Faraday Rotating Materials

Paramagnetics

Diamagnetics

Ferromagnetics

Magnets

Polarizers

Miniaturized Isolators For Diode Lasers and Fiber Optics

Isolator Characteristics

Polarization Effects

Significance of Wavelength

Isolation Limitations

Future Isolators

Optical Circulators

Acknowledgments
Optical Radar
Authors: Gardner Chester S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Lidar
Photoconducting Switches
Authors: Joshi R. P. , Stoudt D. C.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Characteristics of Photoconductive Switches

Types of Photoconductive Switches

Switch Materials and Their Characteristics

Theoretical Considerations

Photoconductive Switch Systems
Photoconductivity
Authors: Bube Richard H.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Basic Photoconductivity Processes

Photoconductivity Parameters

Types of Photoconducting Systems

Examples of Recombination Models

Recombination Effects for two Types of Imperfections

Recombination Processes

Steady‐State Photoelectronic Analysis

Transient Photoelectronic Analysis

Quantum Wells and Superlattices

Acknowledgment
Photodielectric Effect
Authors: Avanesyan Vachagan T. , Bordovskii Gennadii A. , Potachov Sergei A.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Theoretical Basis of PDE

PDE Technique

Experimental Analysis of Photodielectric Phenomena

Photocapacitance Spectroscopy of Deep Local States

Practical USE off the PDE
Photoelectrets
Authors: Prakash S. G.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Formation of Photoelectret State

Theory of Photoelectret State

Depolarization of Photoelectret

Parameters Controlling the Photoelectret State

Applications

Principles of Xerography
Photoemission
Authors: Bartynski Robert A.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Basic Properties of the Photoemission Spectrum

Experimental Considerations

Elementary Principles of Photoemission

Applications of Photoemission
Photoresistors
Authors: Razeghi Manijeh , Rogalski Antoni
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Current and Voltage Responsivity

Noise Mechanisms in Photoresistors

Quantum Efficiency

Performance Specification

Practical Applications of Photoresistors

Sprite Detectors
Photovoltaic Effects
Authors: Boeringer Daniel , Tsu Raphael
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Transverse Photovoltaic Effect

Lateral Photovoltaic Effect
Optoelectronics in VLSI Technology
Authors: Goossen Keith W. , Krishnamoorthy Ashok V.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Technology Overview

Circuit Considerations For OE‐VLSI

Large Switch Experiment

Toward a Commodity OE‐VLSI Technology

Conclusions

Acknowledgments
Spontaneous Emission
Authors: Soběhart J. R.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Classical Aspects of Spontaneous Emission

The Origin of Spontaneous Emission

Spontaneous Emission in Cavities

Mechanical Effects of Spontaneous Emission
Submillimeter Wave Lasers
Authors: Mueller Eric R.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Submillimeter‐Wave Portion of the Electromagnetic Spectrum

Historical Overview

Operational Overview

Typical Performance and Applications

Continuous‐Wave Optically Pumped Submillimeter‐Wave Lasers: in Detail

An Example Opsl System: the Nasa Chem 1 Satellite, 2.5 THz Laser Local Oscillator
Electroabsorption
Authors: Welstand Robert B. , Pappert Stephen A. , Yu Paul K. L.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Optical Communication

Modeling the Electroabsorption Modulation Transfer Curve

Conclusion
Busbars
Authors: Schmerda Richard F.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

What is a Busbar?

Where are Busbars Used?

Types of Busbars

Designing the Busbar

Future Applications of Busbars
Circuit Breakers
Authors: Voshall Roy E.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Circuit Breaker Details

Ratings

Electrical Specifications

Faults—Voltages and Currents

Transmission Breakers

Distribution Breakers

Industrial Breakers

Molded‐Case Circuit Breakers

Breaker Coordination

Equivalent Circuit

Conclusions
Conductors, Electric
Authors: Berini Pierre , Roy Langis
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Free Electron GAS Model of Conductors

Conductors Under DC Excitation

Conductors Under AC Excitation

Common Transmission Line Geometries
DC Transformers
Authors: Lu Jun W. , Dawson Francis P. , Yamada Sotoshi , Higashi Toru , Sasada Ichiro , Yamaguchi Masahiro
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

DC Transformer Operating Principles

DC Transformer Applications and Performance

DC Transformer Modeling

DC Transformer Design

Intra‐ and Interwinding Capacitance and High‐Voltage Considerations

Efficiency, Power Density, and Thermal Analysis
Electric Shocks
Authors: Capelli‐Schellpfeffer M. , Lee R. C.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Exposure to Electric Shock

Biological Effects of Electric Shock

The Biophysics of Electric Shock

Progress in Preventing Electric Shock
Emergency Power Supply
Authors: Singh Chanan , Mitra Joydeep
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Reliability Issues

Constructing Emergency and Standby Power Systems

Reliability Analysis of Power Systems
Interrupters
Authors: Voshall Roy E.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

AIR Interrupter

GAS Blast Interrupters

OIL Interrupters

Vacuum Interrupters

Conclusions
Power Flow
Authors: Sheblé Gerald B. , Kumar Jayant
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Existing Techniques

Organization

Newton–Raphson Method Using the Augmented Jacobian Matrix

Example Systems

Research Frontiers
Short‐Term Load Forecasting
Authors: Ma X. , El‐Keib A. A. , Ma H. , Kaddoura M.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Stlf Methods

Hybrid Statistical Methods for STLF: an Example

Prospective of the Development of the Stlf Methods
Load Management
Authors: Bellarmine G. Thomas , Arokiaswamy N. S. S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Demand‐Side Management

Supply‐Side Management

Power Shortage Management

Energy Audit Management

Energy Management Systems

Transmission Losses

Integrated Resource Planning and Unit Commitment

Electricity Tariff Structure

Environmental Issues

Appendix 1. Selection of Energy Efficient Motors

Acknowledgments
Load Regulation of Power Plants
Authors: Kallappa Pattada , Ray Asok
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Life‐Extending Load‐Following Control System

Feedforward System Design

Simulation Examples for Feedforward System

Feedback System Design

Supervisory System

Feedback‐Supervisory System Implementation

Results and Discussion of Simulation Experiments

Simulation Set‐up

Simulation Under Nominal Conditions

Perturbed Plant Simulation

Conclusions
Overcurrent Protection
Authors: Das Ratan
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Overcurrent Protection Basics

Overcurrent Protection Using Fuses

Protective Relays

Overcurrent‐Relay Characteristics

Overcurrent Protection Used for Various Power System Components
Overhead Line Conductors
Authors: Mamishev Alexander
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Overhead Lines in the Power Industry

Choice of Conductors

Sagged Conductors

Lightning Protection

Corona

Electric and Magnetic Fields
Excitation Control in Power Systems
Authors: Hariri A. , Malik O. P.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Fixed Parameter Controllers

Rule Based and Fuzzy Logic Controllers

Neural Network‐Based Controllers

Adaptive Controllers

Concluding Remarks

Appendix
Power Dividers
Authors: Kumar B. P. , Branner G. R. , Razmafrouz G. , Brody D.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Circuit Elements Utilized in Power Divider Design

Power Divider Configurations, Analysis and Design Techniques

Analysis Techniques for Power Divider Networks

Power Divider Designs

Future Trends in Power Dividers
Power System Protection, Relays
Authors: Tang Jianxin , Wang Fangming
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Power System Faults or Abnormal Operation Conditions

Characteristics of Protective Relay

Components and Zones of Protection

Functions of Protective Relays

Equipment Protection

Protective Relaying for Abnormal Phenomena

Backup Protection

Evaluation of Protective Relay Performance

Current Research
Transformers, Liquid‐Filled
Authors: Fuchs Ewald F.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Engineering Design

Iron Cores

Primary and Secondary Windings

Power and Energy Efficiencies

Technical–Economic Factors

Optimization of Transformer Efficiency Characteristic

Magnetic Design

Grounding, Protection, and Monitoring

New Developments
Reactive Power
Authors: Muchayi Maxwell , El‐Hawary M. E.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Reactive Power in Single Phase and Three‐Phase Systems

Measurement of Reactive Power in Three‐Phase Systems

Power Factor Penalties and Reactive Power

Reactive Power Transport (Flow)

Harmonic Considerations

Optimal Power Flow Algorithms

Reactive Power Pricing
Relay Protection
Authors: Rostamkolai Niusha
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Protective Relays

Relay Hardware

Power System Zone of Protection Philosophy

Line Protection

Substation BUS Protection

Transformer Protection

Generator Protection

Shunt Reactor and Capacitor Protection

Motor Protection

Adaptive Relaying
Substation Insulation
Authors: Ford Gary , Kuffel John , Fujimoto Noboru
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Open Air‐insulation Systems

Enclosed Gas‐insulation Systems
Power Substation Modeling
Authors: Leung Lawrence C. , Khator Suresh K.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Distribution Planning: Normal Conditions

Distribution Planning for Emergency

Conclusion
Transformer Protection
Authors: Stringer N. T.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Factors Affecting Protection

Protection Methods

Fuse Protection

Overcurrent Protection

Differential Protection

Ground Differential Protection

Overexcitation Protection

Ancillary Protection
Transformers, Dry Type
Authors: Olivier Guy , Marceau Richard , Shankar Narayan
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Power Dry‐Type Transformers

Transformer Operation

Magnetic Circuit

Windings and Insulating Materials

Voltage Regulation

Losses and Converter Transformers

Impedance

Fittings and Accessories
Underground Cables
Authors: Koch Hermann
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Basic Elements

Cable Construction

Corrosion Protection

Cable Accessories

System Components

Testing

Gas‐Insulated Transmission Lines

Laying Directly Buried

Laying in a Tunnel

GIL
Use in Traffic Tunnels
Underground Distribution Systems
Authors: Glinkowski Mietek T. , Wang Nien‐Chung
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Underground Power Distribution Networks

Testing and Diagnostics of Cables

Operation and Maintenance of Cables
Uninterruptible Power Supplies
Authors: Chandorkar Mukul
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Power‐Supply Requirements of Critical Loads

Types of ups Systems

Power Electronic Inverters for UPS Systems

UPS System Configurations

Control Methods for UPS Systems

Batteries for UPS Systems

Conclusion
Capacitor Storage
Authors: Nouri Hassan , Davies Terry S. , Jefferson Colin M.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Energy Storage in Electrical Power Supply Systems

Theory of Capacitor Energy Storage

Some Applications
Cogeneration
Authors: Massardo Aristide F.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Overall Analysis

Cogeneration Systems

Design of Cogeneration Systems

Microcogeneration
Hydroelectric Power Stations
Authors: Nicolet A. , Vesligaj F.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Hydroelectric Layouts

Basic Criteria for the Design of the Main Equipment of a Hydropower Plant

Large Vertical Pelton Turbines

Large Vertical Francis Turbines

Large High‐Head Francis Turbines

Large Vertical Kaplan Turbines

Large Bulb Turbines

World's Largest Vertical Generators

Large Generator–Motors

Fully Water‐Cooled Generators

World Electric Energy Production

Determination off the Basic Data for a Hydrostorage Plant

Available Capacity and Actual Daily Load for a Given Network

Turbine Efficiency

Itaipu Turbines

Turbine Efficiency

Speed Function

Powerhouse Design with Respect to Distance from Dam
Industrial Power Systems
Authors: Das J. C.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Planning and Design

Reliability

Reactive Power Flow and Compensation

Voltage Regulation

Harmonics

Power Quality

Energy Management

Transient Stability

System Analysis

Switchgear and Motor Control Equipment

Protective Relaying

Surge Protection

Grounding
Power Station Load
Authors: Cai Hongzhi , Gan D. , Qu Z.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Station Configuration

Load Characteristics

Station Load Modeling

Station Load Forecasting

Special Station Loads

Harmonics and Nonlinear Load

Voltage Regulation

Power Production and Load Distribution

Load Control
Power System Control
Authors: King Roger L. , Luck Rogelio
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Control Problem

Governor Control System

Control Areas and Supplementary Control

Constrained Dispatch of Generation

Power Pools and Energy Management Systems

Deregulation

Facts

Emerging Power Control Issues
Power System Relaying
Authors: Das J. C. , Linders J. R.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Design Criteria of Protective Systems

Abnormal Conditions

Symmetrical Components

Circuit‐Interrupting Devices

The Nature and Purpose of Protective Relays

Instrument Transformers

Transient Stability and Load Shedding

Protective Relaying Schemes

Relay Coordination

Recent Trends
Power System Stability
Authors: Chiang Hsiao‐Dong
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Power System Stability Problems

The Time‐Domain Approach

Direct Methods

Direct Methods for Differential Algebraic Equation Systems

BCU Method

On‐Line Dynamic Security Assessments

Voltage Stability

Some Further Developments
Pumped‐Storage Power Stations
Authors: Luh Peter B. , Zhang Daoyuan , Yan Houzhong
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Modeling and Optimization Methodology

Discussions
Rectifier Substations
Authors: Ferrari Patrizia , Pozzobon Paolo
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Rectifier Unit

Short Circuit for Zero Fault Impedance Currents

Appendix
Power Transmission Networks
Authors: Shahidehpour S. M. , Marwali M. K. C.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Physical Transmission Limitations

Deregulated Power Systems

Maintenance Scheduling

Transmission Constrained Unit Commitment

Transmission Line Maintenance
Distributed Bragg Reflector Lasers
Authors: Roh S. D. , Swint R. B. , Coleman J. J.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Dbr and Laser Basics

The Bragg Period

Edge‐Emitting Single Frequency Lasers

Vcsel

Conclusion
Distributed Feedback Lasers
Authors: Nagarajan Radhakrishnan
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

DFB Device Structure and Material Characteristics

Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Analytic Treatment

Device Characteristics
Dye Lasers
Authors: Dasgupta Kamalesh
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

General Characteristics of Dye Lasers

Physics and Technology of Dye Lasers

Design Considerations

Application of Dye Lasers

Future Scope
Excimer Lasers
Authors: Nicholson J. W. , Rudolph W. , Kleinschmidt J.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are
Free Electron Lasers
Authors: Nikonov Dmitri E. , Kurizki Gershon , Rostovtsev Yuri V.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Electron Kinematics: Resonance and Synchronism Conditions

Classical Electron Dynamics

Dynamics and Gain in Interfering Two‐Wiggler Fels

Quantum Regime of FEL

FEL Experimental Parameters

Applications

Perspectives
Testing for Acceptance–Rejection
Authors: Lin Shang‐Hung , Kung S. Y.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Bayes Decision Theory: an Example

Statistical Modeling

Methods and Algorithms

Statistical Model Selection

Model Parameter Estimation

Parameter Modification for Minimizing Classification Errors

Application Example: Face Recognition
Bayesian Inference in Reliability
Authors: Mosleh Ali
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Relationship Between Reliability and Probability

An Introduction to Bayesian Statistics

Applying Bayesian Thinking in Probabilistic Inference

Conjugate Priors

Examples of Application of Bayesian Methods in Reliability
Reliability VIA Designed Experiments
Authors: Nikora Allen P. , Munson John C.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Reliability Theory Overview

Factors Affecting Reliability

Types of Experimental Design

Applicability of Experimental Design to Software Testing

Experimental Assessment of Software Reliability

Software Reliability: an Overview of the Problem

Foundations

Getting the Metaphor Right

The Conduct of Inquiry

Experimental Objectives
Design for Microelectronics Reliability
Authors: Di Giacomo Giulio , Scheider Donald W. , Jaspal Jasvar S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Reliability Concepts

Types of Failure Distributions

Failure Mechanism Acceleration

Defects and Burn‐In

Thermomechanical Models

Electrochemical Models

Forced‐Diffusion Transport Models

Oxidation

RH Within Semihermetic Modules

Conclusions
Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Leemis Lawrence M.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Probability Models for Lifetimes

Random Lifetime Generation

Order Statistic Generation

Accelerated Life and Proportional Hazards Models

Generating a Nonhomogeneous Poisson Process

List of Symbols
Probabilistic Risk Assessment
Authors: Modarres Mohammed
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Definition of Risk

Determination of Risk Values

Formalization of Risk Assessment

Steps in Conducting a Probabilistic Risk Assessment
Reliability Indices
Authors: Ushakov Igor A.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Mean Time to Failure and Mean Time Between Failures

Probability of a Failure‐Free Operation

Failure Rate

Intensity of Failure

Mean Repair Time

Availability Coefficient

Coefficient of Interval Availability

Special Indices
Reliability of Redundant and Fault‐Tolerant Systems
Authors: Ushakov Igor , Chakravarty Sumantra
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Many Flavors of Structural Redundancy

Failure Monitoring and Role of Switches

Redundancy With Repairable Units

Network Redundancy

Bounds on Two‐Pole Networks

Dynamic Redundancy
Reliability Growth Concepts and Testing
Authors: Tomczykowski Walter
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

History of Reliability Growth

Reliability Growth Process

Monitoring and Projection

Effectiveness
Repairable Systems
Authors: Ushakov Igor , Chakravarty Sumantra
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Reliability Indices

Markov Modeling

Markov Model for Multiple Units

Other Mathematical and Numerical Approaches

Data Collection
Statistical Analysis of Reliability Data
Authors: Kaminskiy Mark
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Basic Distributions

Basic Distribution Estimation Methods

Hypothesis Testing

Censored Data

Parametric Distribution Estimation

Nonparametric Distribution Estimation
Stress–Strength Relations
Authors: Hsieh Paul I. , Pan Jwo , Ling Jing
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Mathematical Formulation
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
Authors: Lutz Robyn R. , Woodhouse Robert M.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Origin

Process

Automation

Evaluation

Standards
Power Device Reliability
Authors: Marshall Andrew , Duvvury Charvaka , Efland Taylor
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Safe Operating Areas

Power Mosfet Electrostatic Discharge Reliability

ESD Protection Using Drain Extended NMOS
Reliability Theory
Authors: Ushakov Igor
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Physical Models of Failures

Mathematical Models

Mathematical Models of Stochastic Processes

Mathematical Models of Software Reliability

Stochastic Simulation

Statistical Inferences and Test Planning
Automation
Authors: Ridgway K. , Mort N. , McCarthy I.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Business Strategy

Case Studies

Conclusions
Industrial Robots
Authors: Narayanan Mysore
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Manipulator

The Power System

The Control System

End‐of‐Arm Tooling

Recent Features

Robot Applications
Manipulators
Authors: Hatamura Y. , Sato T. , Nakao M. , Matsumoto K. , Yamamoto Y.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Functions and Mechanisms of Manipulators

Composition of Normal Size Manipulators
Mobile Robots
Authors: Cutts James A. , Nock Kerry T. , Jones Jack A. , Rodriguez Guillermo , Balaram J. , Wilcox Brian H. , Eisenman David J.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

History

Mobility Platforms

Control and Navigation

Sensing

Summary and Conclusions
Robot Kinematics
Authors: Fierro Rafael , Lewis Frank L.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Matrices

Robot Constraints

Nonholonomic Mobile Robot

Kinematics of a Hyperredundant Robot

Free‐Floating Space Manipulators
Robot Path Planning
Authors: Meystel Alex
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Planning as a Reaction to Anticipation

Planning as a Part of Behavior Generation

Classification of Robot Planning Problems

Planning of Actions Versus Planning of States

Linkage Between Planning and Learning

Planning in Architectures of Behavior Generation
Machine Vision for Robotics and Inspection
Authors: Batchelor Bruce G. , Whelan Paul F. , Hack Ralf
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Machine Vision Systems in Context

Image Processing for Machine Vision
Robots
Authors: Narayanan Mysore
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Robot Selection and Implementation

Historical Perspective

Robot Classification
Tactile Sensors
Authors: Zhang Hong , Chen Ning
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Touch Transduction Techniques

Capacitive Tactile Sensor

Sensor Modeling and Data Analysis
Telecontrol
Authors: Lin G. C. I. , Kao Y. C.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Remote Machining

Evaluation and Future Development

Appendix 1. The Html Codes in Accessing the RMC

Appendix 2. The CGI Codes in Responding The Request of The RMC
Telerobotics
Authors: Spenny Curtis H. , Schneider Dean L. , Deeter Thomas E.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Teleoperator Background

Robot and Teleoperator Control Architectures

The Future of Telerobotics
Artificial Limbs
Authors: Sanders J. E. , Zachariah S. G. , Hafner B. J.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Lower Limb Prosthetics

Upper Limb Prosthetics

Current Research
Artificial Hearts and Other Organs
Authors: Gaumond Roger P. , Gardner John F. , Snyder Alan J. , Weiss William J. , Kelley Christopher , Trumble Dennis R.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Energetics of Blood Pumping

Control of Cardiovascular Pressure and Flow

Approaches to Mechanical Design of Artificial Hearts

Simulation of Pump Performance and TAH Control

Ventricular Assist

Energy Utilization

Transcutaneous Energy Transmission and Batteries

Cardiomyoplasty Fundamentals and Muscle‐Powered Blood Pump

Other Artificial Organs
Assistive Devices For Motor Disabilities
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Rahman Tariq , Krovi Venkat
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Prosthetics

Assistive Robot Manipulators

Wheelchairs

Teletheses and Human Extenders: Research Issues

Design and Manufacture

Conclusion
Hearing Aids
Authors: Mouïne Jaouhar , Sawan Mohamad
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Auditory Pathways and the Hearing Process

Hearing Disorders

Hearing Aids

Recent Developments of Hearing Aids
Human Motion Analysis
Authors: Abu‐Faraj Ziad O. , Harris Gerald F. , Smith Peter A. , Hassani Sahar
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Evolution of Human Motion Analysis

Anatomic Terminology

The Cyclic Nature of Gait

Stride and Temporal Gait Parameters

Gait Analysis Methodologies

Accuracy and Reliability of Motion Analysis Systems

Biomechanical Modeling of Gait Data

Ground Reaction Forces and Plantar Pressures

Kinematics

Kinetics

Dynamic Electromyography

Energy Expenditure

Interpretation and Decision Making

Future Trends in Gait Analysis

Acknowledgments
Automatic Language Identification
Authors: Torres‐Carrasquillo Pedro A. , Zissman Marc A.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Language‐Identification Cues

Language Identification Systems

Evaluations

Conclusions

Acknowledgment
Cepstral Analysis of Speech
Authors: Tohkura Yoh’ichi , Aikawa Kiyoaki
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Cepstral Analysis

Liftering

Temporal Analysis of Cepstrum
Echo Cancellation for Speech Signals
Authors: Sondhi M. Mohan , Morgan Dennis R.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Line Echoes

Adaptive Cancellation

Single‐Channel Acoustic Echo Cancellation

Multichannel Acoustic Echo Cancellation

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments
Neural Nets for Speech Processing
Authors: Schuster Mike
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Speech Recognition Theory

Neural Networks

Context Dependent Models

System Training

Acoustic Adaptation

Conclusions
Psychoacoustics
Authors: Allen Jont B.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Definitions

The Loudness Signal‐To‐Noise Ratio

Narrowband Maskers

The Loudness Model

Some Basic Questions
Architectural Acoustics
Authors: Schroeder Manfred
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Sound Waves and Acoustic Resonances

Sound Rays, Echoes, and Reverberation

Chaotic Interference of Sound Waves

Sound Enhancement and Artificial Reverberation

Subjective Preferences

Sound Diffusion

Conclusion
Speech Analysis
Authors: Furui Sadaoki
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Spectral Analysis

Cepstrum

Analysis‐By‐Synthesis

Pitch Extraction

Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) Analysis
Speech Coding
Authors: Ravishankar Channasandra , Dimolitsas Spiros
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Waveform Coders

Parametric Speech Coders

Excitation Modeling

Transformed‐Domain Speech Coding

Speech Coding Standards

Speech Coder Performance Assessment

Concatenated Speech Coding

Future Trends in Speech Coding

Conclusions
Speech Enhancement
Authors: Hansen John H. L.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Overview

Short‐Term Spectral Amplitude Methods

Speech Modeling and Wiener Filtering

Adaptive Noise Canceling

Methods Based on Fundamental Frequency Tracking

Future Directions for Speech Enhancement
Speech Perception
Authors: Wright Richard , Frisch Stefan , Pisoni David B.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Abstractionist/Symbolic Approach to Speech Perception

Basic Stimulus Properties

Dialectal and Ideolectal Differences

Models and Theories

Conclusion
Speech Recognition
Authors: Bahl Lalit , Bakis Raimo , Das Subrata , Picheny Michael
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Fundamentals

Detailed Theory

Exploratory Work

Testing Speech Recognition Systems

Application Programming Interfaces
Speech Synthesis
Authors: Campbell Nick
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Mobile Computing in the Information Age

Text Processing for Speech Synthesis

Prosodic Processing for Speech Synthesis

Signal Processing for Speech Synthesis

Concatenative Speech Synthesis

Trends in Speech Synthesis

Evaluation of Speech Synthesis

Responsibility

Further Information
Bicmos Logic Circuits
Authors: Chen Chien‐In Henry , Kumar Anup
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Bicmos Inverter

Cmos Parallel Adders

Mixed Cmos/Bicomos Area‐Time Optimal Adders

Conclusions
Bicmos Memory Circuits
Authors: Tavrow Lee S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Bicmos Process Considerations

Sram Basics

The Sram Cell

Sram Periphery Circuitry

Alternative Approaches

Bicmos Cams

Future Trends
Bipolar Memory Circuits
Authors: Menon Sankaran M. , Mannava Phanindra K.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Emitter Coupled Logic

ECL Memories

Faults in ECL Memories

Behavior of Faults in ECL Storage Elements

Detection of Certain Faults

Bridging Faults: Modeling and Analysis

Bridging of Logical Nodes With Feedback

Conclusion
Emitter‐Coupled Logic
Authors: Brauer Elizabeth J.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Historical Overview

Emitter‐Coupled Pair

Performance

Functional Units

Functional Verification Algorithm

Future Directions
Gallium Arsenide Field Effect Transistor Logic Circuits
Authors: Fouts Douglas J. , Weatherford Todd R.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Gallium Arsenide Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors

GaAs Directly Coupled FET Logic Circuits

Additional Logic Circuits for GaAs Mesfet Fabrication Processes

Gallium Arsenide Heterostructure Isolated Gate Field Effect Transistors

GaAs Static Complementary Logic Circuits

Additional Logic Circuits for GaAs Higfet Fabrication Processes
Field Effect Transistor Memory Circuits
Authors: Kanan R. , Hochet B. , Declercq M.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Direct‐Coupled Field‐Effect Transistor Logic

Field Effect Memory Problems Analysis

Proposed Solutions to Minimize Leakage Current

Proposed Solutions to Improve Yield

Proposed Solution to Improve the Soft‐Error Immunity

Proposed Solutions to Minimize the Power Dissipation

Proposed Solution to Increase the Speed

Commercial Static Srams

Commercial Roms

Design of Silicon Rams Using Complementary Gallium Arsenide
Logic Arrays
Authors: Rincon Ann Marie
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Growth in Circuit Density

Wafer Fabrication

Device Scaling Versus Packing Density

Digital Process Technology

Logic Classifications

Testing Logic Integrated Circuits

Logic Packaging and Pin Counts

Logic Design Process

Trends
Microwave Integrated Circuits
Authors: Das Nirod K. , Bolle Donald M.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Substrate

Chip Size and Circuit Complexity

Transmission Media

Passive Components

Active Devices and Processing

Computer‐Aided Design

Current Trends and Future Directions
NAND Circuits
Authors: Dreifus David L. , Holmes Joseph S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Digital Logic Background

NAND Circuit Technologies

NAND Characteristics

Applications

Current Research in Logic Circuits

Conclusions
NOR Circuits
Authors: Chi Min‐hwa
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

NOR Logic Gates and Building Blocks

NOR Logic Arrays

NOR Memory

Future Logic Devices and Circuits
Programmable Logic Arrays
Authors: Chang Yao‐Wen , Wong D. F. , Wong C. K.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Programming Technologies

Logic‐Module Architecture

Routing Architecture

Commercial Cpld/Fpga Examples

Design Process for Programmable Logic

Research in Cpld/Fpga Architectures
Programmable Logic Devices
Authors: Carlough Steven R. , Campbell Pete M. , Steidl Samuel A. , Garg Atul , Maier Cliff A. , Greub Hans J. , McDonald John F. , Ernest Matthew W.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Programmable‐Logic Device Architectures

Applications

Conclusion
Quantum Storage Devices
Authors: Hartin Olin L. , Neikirk Dean P.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Definition of Quantum Storage
Sram Chips
Authors: Carns Timothy K. , Zheng Xinyu , Wang Kang L.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Basics of Memory Operation

The Fundamental Components of the Sram Cell

Inverter Analysis and Comparison

The Fundamental Components of the Basic Sram Architecture

Improving Today'S Sram Cell Cost and Performance

Application‐Specific Sramss

Sram Testing and Reliability

Novel Sram Cell Configurations for Future High‐Speed/High‐Density Applications
Thin Film Capacitors
Authors: Jia Quanxi
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Capacitor Parameters

Thin Film Dielectric Materials

Electrode Materials

Application of Thin Film Capacitors

Concluding Remarks
Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Fortunato G. , Mariucci L.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistors

Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistors
Transistor–Transistor Logic
Authors: Wyland David C.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Transistor–Transistor Logic Circuit Design

TTL: An Improvement on DTL

The Ttl Logic Interface Standard

TTL Logic Family Variations and Improvements

Performance of TTL Families

High‐Performance TTL

TTL Logic Design Tools

The Future of TTL
Power Integrated Circuits
Authors: Marshall Andrew
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Applications for Power ICs

Power IC Design Considerations

Layout Techniques

Packaging and Thermal Modeling
Application Generators
Authors: Smaragdakis Yannis , Huang Shan Shan
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Architecture of a Generator

Transformations in Generators

Case Studies of Contrasting Approaches

Application Generators Now and in the Future
Authoring Languages
Authors: Bailey Brian P. , Konstan Joseph A.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Author

The Authoring Process

Authoring Tools and Languages

Hypercard: Authoring Hypermedia Using Cards

Macromedia Director: a Timeline‐Based Authoring Tool

Authorware: a Flow‐Based Authoring Tool

The Future of Authoring Interactive Media

Further Reading
Automatic Test Software
Authors: Malaiya Yashwant K.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Terminology

Software Development and Test Phases

Software Test Methodology

Coverage Measures

Requirements‐Phase Tools

Programming‐Phase Tools

Testing‐Phase Tools

Identifying the Tools Needed

Sources of Information
Backtracking
Authors: Apostolico Alberto , Italiano Giuseppe F.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Models of Computation

The Set Union Problem

The Worst‐Case Time Complexity of a Single Operation

The Set Union Problem With Deunions

Split and The Set Union Problem on Intervals

The Set Union Problem With Unlimited Backtracking
Batch Processing in Computers
Authors: Chen Chung‐Min , Orji Cyril , Rishe Naphtali
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Batch‐Processing Systems

Batching Disk Writes

Acknowlegments
Computer Aided Software Engineering
Authors: Tahvildari Ladan , Kontogiannis Kostas
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Software Development Process

Case Technology

Case Categories

Issues in Case Adoption

Technological Trends in Case

Conclusion
Computer Communications Software
Authors: Stoller Scott D.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Core Functionality and Implementation Techniques

The Internet Architecture

High‐Level Communication Services

Optimizing Communication Software
Conformance Testing
Authors: Lee David , Yannakakis Mihalis
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Background

Systems Modeled by Finite‐State Machines

Systems Modeled by Extended Finite State Machines

Conclusion
Context‐Sensitive Languages
Authors: Dassow Jürgen
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Definitions and Examples

Grammatical Characterizations

Characterization by Automata

Operations on Context‐Sensitive Languages

Decision Problems

Two Special Cases
Electronic Data Interchange
Authors: Aggarwal Rajesh
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

EDI
Systems and Processes

Standards

EDI
Software

Data Communication Software

EDI
Communication Network

Hardware Requirements

Security

Acknowledgment
Formal Specification of Software
Authors: Rajan Sreeranga P.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Transformational Software Design

Formal Methods: Overview

PVS

From Informal to Formal Specifications

Abstraction

Formal Specification Languages

Conclusions
Functional Programming
Authors: Clifford Walinsky
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Programming with Functions

Conceptual Background

History

Implementations

Incorporating State
Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Deb Kalyanmoy
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

A Brief Introduction to Genetic Algorithms

GAs as Function Optimizers

GA Guidelines

Real‐Coded GAs

Hybrid GAs

Evolution Strategy

Genetic Programming

Multimodal Function Optimization

Multiobjective Functional Optimization

Parallel GAs

Genetic Algorithm‐Based Machine Learning (GBML)
Groupware
Authors: Grudin Jonathan , Poltrock Steven E.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Groupware Research and Development Contexts

What Groupware is and is Not

The Significance of Group Size

Groupware Typologies

Communication Technologies

Shared Information Space Technologies

Coordination Technologies

Challenges to Groupware Development and Use

New Approaches to Understanding Requirements

Future Directions
Input‐Output Programs
Authors: Kandemir Mahmut , Kandaswamy Meena , Choudhary Alok
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Introduction

I/O Hardware

Software Issues

Conclusions
Integrated Software
Authors: Srivastava Ashok
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Software Interface Development

Implementation for Vlsi Chip Design Verification

Advantages of the Interface

Conclusions

Acknowledgments
Logic Programming
Authors: Gelfond Michael
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Syntax of Pure Prolog

Inference in Pure Prolog

Representing Incomplete Information

Negation as Failure

History
Logic Programming and Languages
Authors: Dahl Veronica
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Logic Programming

Logic Grammars

Syntax vs Semantics

Grammar Reversibility

Language Translation

Linguistic Theory

Applications
Mathematical Programming
Authors: Liu Jiming
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Diet Problem

Classification, Mathematical Formulations, and Structure of Optimization Problems

Applications and Practicalities

Basic Theory

Algorithms

Further Reading
Microprogramming
Authors: Kaeli David R.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Control Storage

Microinstruction Decoding

Macroinstructions

Microinstruction Sequencing

Microsequencer

Conditional Branches

Putting it all Together

Optimizations

Two‐Level Control Store Design

Advanced Microprogramming Concepts
Object‐Oriented Programming
Authors: Lim Billy B. L.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

OO Programming: a Brief Look at the History

OO: the Fundamentals

OO Defining Characteristics: The Pie

Object Technology: the State of the Art
Program Control Structures
Authors: Lee Gyungho , Gu Junjie
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Repetition Control Structures

Parallelization of do Loops

Parallelizing Conditional Cyclic Loops

An Interprocedural Array Data‐Flow Analysis

Further Reading
Program Diagnostics
Authors: Plank James S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Overview of Checkpointing

Uses of Checkpointing

Implementation Details

Checkpoint Consistency

The Performance of Checkpointing

Other Performance Considerations

Conclusion
Report Generator
Authors: Rishe Naphtali , Naboulsi Khaled , Wolfson Ouri
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Review of Report Generators

Concepts and Definitions

Report Generator: System Architecture

Report‐Generating Tools

Conclusion

Acknowledgement
Software Cost Estimation
Authors: Leach Ronald J.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Software Cost Estimation for the Practicing Software Engineer

Research Directions in Software Cost Modeling

Acknowledgements
Software Development Management
Authors: Pillai K , Nair V. S. S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Software Development Life Cycle

The Qualitative Aspects of Software Management

The Quantitative Aspects of Software Management

Process Improvement

Maturity Models

Avoiding Schedule Slippage

Conclusions
Software Houses
Authors: Samadzadeh Mansur H. , Zand Mansour K.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Overview

Technical Aspects

Management Aspects

Concluding Remarks
Software Libraries
Authors: Atkinson S. , Mili A.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Characteristic Software Library Features

Library Organizations

Managing Software Libraries

Designing Software Libraries

Related Work
Software Maintenance
Authors: Schneidewind Norman F.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Metrics for Maintenance

An Integrated Approach to Analyzing Maintenance Process and Product Reliability

Other Projects
Software Metrics
Authors: Harrison R. , Counsell S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Motivation for Using Software Metrics

Consistent Application

Empirical Software Engineering

Software System Maintainability Evaluation

A View of Complexity

Measuring Tools

Conclusions and Future Trends

Acknowledgment