bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Fortunato Fernanda , Ferlini Alessandra
Published: August 2023

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a severe, X-linked disease characterized by decreased muscle mass and function in children. Genetic and biochemical research over the years has led to the characterization of the cause and the pathophysiology of the disease. Moreover, the elucidation of genetic mechanisms underlining Duchenne muscular dystrophy has allowed for the design of innovative personalized therapies.

The identification of specific, accurate, and sensitive biomarkers is becoming crucial for evaluating muscle disease progression and response to therapies, disease monitoring, and the acceleration of drug development and related regulatory processes.

This review illustrated the up-to-date progress in the development of candidate biomarkers in DMD at the level of proteins, metabolites, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and genetic modifiers also highlighting the complexity of translating research results to clinical practice.

We highlighted the challenges encountered in translating biomarkers into the clinical context and the existing bottlenecks hampering the adoption of biomarkers as surrogate endpoints. These challenges could be overcome by national and international collaborative efforts, multicenter data sharing, definition of public biobanks and patients’ registries, and creation of large cohorts of patients. Novel statistical tools/ models suitable to analyze small patient numbers are also required.

Finally, collaborations with pharmaceutical companies would greatly benefit biomarker discovery and their translation in clinical trials.
Human health effects of volcanic eruptions – a systematic review
Authors: Amat-Baeza Greta , Giesen Christine
Published: July 2023

Objectives: There is evidence of the exacerbation of certain pathologies due to exposure to ashes and volcanic gases. We evaluated the relationship between volcanic eruptions and short- and long-term effects on human health.

Methodology: A systematic peer review was carried out. The included diseases were respiratory, ophthalmological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, as well as other effects on human health. All volcanoes on the planet were included. We included standard terms for volcanic eruptions and diseases related to them.

Results: Of 57 included studies, 26 evaluated the relationship between volcanic eruptions and short-term effects on human health and 31 considered long-term effects on human health. The most frequently analyzed short-term diseases were respiratory pathologies (92%, n=24), ophthalmological (23%, n=6) and cardiovascular (23%, n=6), and respiratory pathologies (32%, n=10) and cancer (26%, n=8) in the long term. Most volcanoes were in the USA, Iceland, Japan, and Italy. 81% (n = 21) of the short-term and 74% (n=23) of the long-term studies consider that there is an affectation due to volcanic eruptions, compared to 11% (n=3) and 13% (n=4), respectively, that did not find this relationship.

Conclusion: Heterogeneous results among studies reinforce the need to continue developing new studies for the evaluation of short- and long-term effects of volcanic eruptions on human health. Despite this, currently, most of the scientific community and international organizations agree that volcanic eruptions impact human health. Therefore, it is important to develop contingency plans to protect vulnerable populations from suffering the effects of these natural phenomena.
Speculative High-Level Nuclear Waste Processing Methods
Authors: Bevelacqua Joseph
Published: July 2023

With the exception of recent progress in Sweden and Finland, traditional and planned high-level nuclear waste processing disposal methods have yet to be successfully implemented on a commercial scale. Failure to solve the high-level waste issue is an impediment to the expansion of nuclear power production particularly in North America and Europe. Given these issues, this paper presents three speculative methods and an accelerator/reactor approach to process high-level nuclear waste.

     The first speculative approach explores the possibility of incorporating an underground nuclear detonation as a means to process the waste. A second method uses antiprotons and antineutrons to transmute the high-level waste. The third utilizes plasma to obliterate the isotopes comprising the radioactive waste. A somewhat less speculative approach involving nuclear waste transmutation using a reactor or accelerator is also presented. However, this approach has several issues to overcome and is not a likely a near-term solution to the waste disposal/processing issue.
Applications of Deep reinforcement learning in MEMS and nanotechnology
Authors: Patel Hrishitva
Published: July 2023

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is an artificial intelligence technique that allows agents to learn optimal behaviors through trial-and-error interactions with their environment. This paper reviews applications of DRL in the fields of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and nanotechnology. DRL has been used to enhance the design, manufacturing, and control of micro- and nanoscale systems. Notable applications include optimizing MEMS device designs, controlling nanomaterial synthesis, enabling precise nanorobotic manipulation, automating nanofabrication, directing nanoparticle self-assembly, and optimizing MEMS/nanotechnology fabrication processes. DRL allows for greater precision, increased autonomy, and enhanced performance. However, challenges remain regarding computational complexity, data availability, and responsible AI adoption. Continued DRL research and development focused on micro- and nanoscale systems hold promise for transformative innovations in electronics, medicine, energy, and other domains.
Factors influencing women’s decision choosing a public or private health facility for tuberculosis (TB) services: An analysis of Nepal demographic and health survey data 2016
Authors: Sijali Tula Ram , Manandhar Rija , Devkota Hridaya Raj
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: Nepal is committed to providing reliable and free Tuberculosis (TB) services through public health facilities, but a considerable number of TB cases seek services from the private sector. There have been no previously published studies investigating factors that influence women's decision to choose a public or private health facility for TB services. Therefore, we aimed to examine how women's socio-demographic characteristics influence this decision.

METHODS: We conducted an analysis using data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016. The NDHS 2016 was a nationally representative cross-sectional study. A descriptive, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression method was used in the analysis.

RESULTS: Overall, 88% of women chose a public health facility as their preferred place for the diagnosis and treatment of TB. Women having good TB knowledge (aOR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.52-2.39), women aged 45-49 years (aOR: 3.98, CI: 2.68-5.91), and women living in the mountain region (aOR: 3.16, CI: 1.78-5.61) were more likely to prefer a public health facility. Women belonging to the richest category (aOR: 0.54, CI: 0.38-0.78), and being of Muslim (aOR: 0.42, CI: 0.28-0.64) were less likely to choose a public health facility for diagnosis and treatment of TB.

CONCLUSION: This study indicates a considerable number of women have an insufficient level of access to quality TB services from a public health facility in Nepal. Inadequate TB knowledge, younger age, unemployment, and social stigma were all associated with women not preferring the public health facilities for the diagnosis and treatment of TB. We believe the findings of the analysis will help policy makers and program managers to fine-tune an intervention plan focusing on these women who are less likely to prefer public health facilities for TB services.
Sensation and the Sublime: Revisiting the physiological basis of aesthetic encounter
Authors: Rosier Shaun
Published: July 2023

The sublime has always been a part of Western landscape architectural discourse and design technique. Both emerged in tandem as entwined forms of experimentation with the world in 18th and 19th-century Europe. Encounters with the sublime were subjects of intense interrogation through oration, prose, poetry, philosophical inquiry, and design itself. Even though landscape architecture is deeply enmeshed with the sublime and other aesthetic encounters, the overall understanding and engagement with these notions have become hindered by cliché, generalities, and a sociocultural trend toward the technoscientific. The reliance on Immanuel Kant’s theories of the ‘mathematical’ and ‘dynamic’ sublime has reduced the sublime to little more than Reason rescuing the subject from a failure in aesthetic synthesis or an expression of natural power. Here, aesthetic encounters are relegated to an interior subjectivity reinforced by Descartes’ dualism. This is problematic in the sense that it relegates the sublime to something that can be written off as ‘merely subjective'. Yet this is not how it was understood by the early writers on the matter, some of whom developed their thoughts from designing. This paper argues that the sublime is a physiological force as opposed to the generally held, and clichéd, psychological modality. By returning to the work of Edmund Burke, Thomas Whately, Uvedale Price, and Frederick Law Olmsted we can see that those looking at this problem afresh saw it markedly different than the contemporary canon. Here we will see that the sublime affirms the power of landscape illuminating what escapes reason’s grasp.
Comparison of Vegetation Community Diversity, Biomass, and Sediment Properties among Constructed and Reference Salt Marshes at Deer Island, Mississippi, U.S.A.
Authors: Murphy Nikolas R. , Biber Patrick
Published: July 2023

Beneficial Use (BU) of dredge sediments has been used in coastal salt marsh restoration to renourish areas with excessive edge erosion and marsh platform subsidence. Restoration of these degraded salt marshes can include the construction of new marsh habitats at appropriate elevations for vegetation establishment. However, little is known about how these newly constructed vegetative communities develop and function over time. Two such projects were constructed with BU sediments at Deer Island, Mississippi, USA, in 2004 and 2015. They were planted with native vegetation in anticipation that they would recover in _Juncus roemerianus_ (Black needlerush) dominated salt marshes. The two constructed sites were compared to an adjacent reference salt marsh using metrics that included vascular plant diversity, standing stock biomass, and sediment composition. Sampling over six seasons from spring 2017 to fall 2019 demonstrated the establishment of new vegetation resulting in a diverse floristic community. The two constructed sites were found to have higher species richness and plant diversity than the natural reference marsh. However, the two constructed sites had significantly lower below-ground biomass and sediment organic content (SOC) compared to the natural reference site. Soil bulk density, SOC, and grain size of the sediments at the two BU sites were also dissimilar to the natural marsh reference. All metrics evaluated indicated the two BU restorations were not yet identical to the reference salt marsh, even after more than a decade of ecosystem recovery, and that _J. roemerianus_ had failed to establish as expected.
Evaluation of the genotoxic effect of nonylphenol applied in different doses on the bone marrow
Authors: BİTGEN Nazmiye , GÖKTEPE Özge , BARAN Münevver , İPEK Eren Kaan , YAY Arzu
Published: August 2023

Nonylphenols are endocrine disrupting toxic compounds and are widely used. For this reason, our study aimed to investigate the genotoxic effect of nonylphenols applied at different doses on mouse bone marrow cells. Groups were classified as control group, the sham administered only group, low dose, medium dose and high dose nonylphenol administered group. After euthanasia, polychromatic erythrocyte/Normochromatic erythrocyte ratio and micronuclear polychromatic erythrocyte count were determined in femur bone marrow cells and analyzed to detect DNA damage. While polychromatic erythrocyte/Normochromatic erythrocyte ratio was found to be lower in the groups treated with different doses of nonylphenol, especially in the group treated with high-dose nonylphenol, this decrease was not statistically significant. When the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte values were examined, it was observed that there was a statistically significant increase, especially in the medium and high dose groups compared to the control. High-dose nonylphenol has a toxic effect and may have a long-term genotoxic effect such as cancer development by interacting with genotoxic agents.
The distribution function of mass density — A tool for the analysis of sphere particle systems
Authors:   ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky, bldg. A, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kuchko Artem , Smirnov Alexander ,   ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky, bldg. A, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: July 2023

A method for characterizing sphere particle systems based on the calculation of the distri- bution of the average mass density in concentric spherical layers surrounding an arbitrary center has been developed. The effectiveness of the method has been tested on several variants of polydisperse system models obtained in two different ways and one system obtained by full-scale modeling. The distribution of the mass density for both methods of generating model systems allows you to choose the better option. For a system obtained by the field simulation method, a difference in properties is shown depending on the position of the observation center. This paper introduces the MaDiS program which implements the developed method.
Evaluation of the nature of honeysuckle fruiting in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan
Authors: Zaripova V. M.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. Evaluate varieties of honeysuckle with stability of fruiting in the climatic conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan with the stability of biotic and abiotic stressors.

Materials and methodology. The objects of research are 8 introduced varieties of blue honeysuckle, located in the Kushnarenkovskiy breeding center for fruit and berry crops and grapes of the Bashkir Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Ural Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Research is carried out in accordance with the program and methodology of selection and variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops.

Results. All studied varieties of honeysuckle had a high level of adaptation to the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan. Over the entire period of research, honeysuckle showed good winter hardiness. As a result of a 15-year study, it was revealed: in the 4th year after planting, it enters fruiting, until the 6th–8th year, the yield increases, from the 9th to the 12th year it stabilizes, from the 13th year it decreases. Varieties Bakcharskaya, Chelyabinka, Cinderella, Berel, Pamiati Gidzyuka differed in average precocity. The yield of varieties Bakcharskaya, Chelyabinka, Berel in the 11th year of fruiting exceeded the control by 13–20%. Blueberry and Tick were characterized by stable fruiting and yield — 1.32–4.5 kg/bush, in the control variety Blue spindle yield of 1.5 kg/bush was noted on the 11th and 12th year after planting. Rejuvenating pruning with the removal of perennial branches at a height of 30 cm from the soil level showed that most varieties had an increase in yield in the third or fourth year, and a decrease in the future. When pruning the varieties Bakcharskaya, Galochka, Chernichka, the yield decreased by 27–60% of the control variant (before pruning).
Analysis of experimental data on the gas composition of air on a livestock farm
Authors: Dovlatov I. M. , Yurochka S. S. , Blagov D. A.
Published: July 2023

The article presents studies on the concentration of harmful gases and the movement of air flows in the livestock room. Due to the fact that hydrogen sulfide is extremely volatile, it is well susceptible to removal by ventilation, because of this, maximum peaks of its concentration can be observed in the exhaust area. For a height of 0.5 m, it was 1.66 mg/m3, for 1.5 m — 1.92 mg/m³, and at a height of 2 m, the concentration reached 1.8 mg/m3. The largest amount of carbon dioxide is localized in the feed passage. This is due to the fact that animals most of the time are located in the direction in his direction, and since cattle are the main source of carbon dioxide, since a larger amount is released during respiration, then the main localization of the gas will be directly in the feed passage. In the area of ventilation, CO2 concentrations are equal to 1054 ppm, and in the area without ventilation — 1178 ppm. The maximum peaks of ammonia localization have been established, most of them are located in the area of the room in which the ventilation system is located. For a height of 0.5 m, it was 45.4 mg/m3, for 1.5 m — 43.6 mg/m3, and at a height of 2 m, the concentration reached 44.4 mg/m3. Ammonia concentrations equal to 27.3 mg/m3, 24.8 mg/m3 and 28.6 mg/m3, respectively, were detected at the aft passage, which is closer to the hood, at heights of 0.5 m, 1.5 m and 2 m. Above the feed table, which is located in the part of the cowshed without ventilation, indicators equal to 41.2 mg/m3, 48.7 mg/m3, 22 mg/m3 were found for a height of 0.5 m, 1.5 m and 2 m, respectively. Studies have shown that the peak values of gases are in the area of the cowshed, in which the ventilation system is located. It also depends on the properties of gases (lighter will reach ventilation faster).
Development of an automated control and management system for a fertilizer mixing plant
Authors: Sibirev A. V. , Panferov N. S. , Ovchinnikov A. Yu. , Teterin V. S. , Mosyakov M. A. , Mitrofanov S. V.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. The use of complex multicomponent fertilizers in some cases is unjustified economically and can often lead to soil degradation. In such cases, in order to ensure the plantʼs need for the necessary nutrients, it is advisable to use fertilizer mixtures with a given number of components. Thus, in order to comply with the exact proportions of the components of the created fertilizer mixture, the task of creating an automation system becomes urgent, which includes not only a machine for mixing with a high coefficient of unevenness of the resulting fertilizer mixture, but also a software package for determining the component composition of the fertilizer mixture depending on the conditions of the economy, as well as an automated system of weight control and control of metering dampers working together.

Methods. The technologies of production of flour mixtures are considered, the main types of mixing used in their creation are determined. To implement the project on automating the processes of flour mixing at the developed technological installation, the methods of analytical, comparative, information and logical analysis of the initial information were used.

Results. А system of automated control of the technological process of fertilizer mixture was obtained at the developed fertilizer mixture plant, which allows using the joint work of all components in it to calculate the necessary composition and formulation of the fertilizer mixture, to obtain high-quality fertilizer mixtures due to accurate dosing of components and their biological modification.
An innovative technical hemp harvesting method and a diagram of a multifunctional unit for its implementation
Authors: Rostovtsev R. A. , Popov R. A. , Puchkov E. M.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. Technical (drug-free) hemp is cultivated for seeds, for fiber and for bilateral use (seeds + fiber), so various technologies and technical means are used for its harvesting. Harvesting technologies require the use of specialized high-performance equipment capable of performing several technological operations in one pass. The process is complicated by the height of the plants, reaching an average of 2–3 m by the time of harvest, as well as the structure of the stems, which have a fibrous structure and a woody component. The analysis showed that at present there are no domestic machines capable of harvesting industrial hemp with lint on the vine and maintaining the technical length of the stems. This served as the basis for the development of a new method of harvesting and the scheme of the unit for its implementation.

Methods. A wide range of scientific research in the field of cultivation, harvesting and processing of technical cannabis has been used. The principle of compliance of the developed method and scheme of the harvesting unit with the scientific and technical level is applied in terms of the totality of indicators of reliability and quality of the technological process, environmental friendliness and production safety, quick change of working bodies, patent protection.

Results. An innovative method of harvesting technical hemp has been developed with the removal of seed panicles at the root and the preservation of the technical length of the stem. A structural-technological scheme of a multifunctional unit for implementing the method based on a domestic combine harvester, aggregated with adapters for collecting the seed part of hemp and cutting the combed stalks is proposed. It is expected that the developed method will increase harvesting productivity up to 30%, threshing quality up to 95% and seed purity up to 50%, improve the quality of hemp trusts to one variety number, obtain primary cleaned seeds, as well as hemp weed for the production of long hemp fiber and bonfires.
Improving the efficiency of the solar water-lifting installation for irrigation in conditions of variable clouds
Authors: Yuferev L. Yu.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. In cloudy weather, the use of solar energy for power supply to consumers without the use of energy storage devices is impossible. Known electrical consumers for which power supply may be at intervals. But at these intervals, you need to supply them with a rated voltage. Such a consumer is, for example, a waterlifting installation for an irrigation system with a capacity of 3 m³/h from a depth of up to 90 m and a power consumption of 1500 W.

Methods. Modeling of the process of accumulating electricity from a solar power plant and its transmission to an electric consumer.

Results. It is proposed to use an electric power storage device based on supercapacitors with the return of the rated voltage to the consumer at certain intervals. At the same time, if a solar power plant produces enough energy, then the electric consumer is connected directly to it, if not enough— first the supercapacitors are charged, then the return of electricity from them. The method of calculating the capacity, charge time and the number of supercapacitors in the storage is given. The parameters of the storage device for cyclic power supply of the water-lifting installation for 60 seconds are calculated. in cloudy weather , with the supply of 50 liters of water in these intervals.
Controlled germination of grain crops is an effective way to processing low-quality raw materials
Authors: Naumenko N. V. , Fatkullin R. I. , Kalinina I. V. , Naumenko E. V. , Ivanišová E. , Vasileva E. K. , Radkevich A. V.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. The development of technologies of cereal crops germination and obtaining of raw ingredients with increased antioxidant properties, containing in their composition biologically active substances of natural origin, will allow to form a modern domestic market of useful food products to maintain the health of the country in the long term. One such approach could be controlled germination of grain crops by ultrasonic treatment during the soaking stage. This technology will maximise the yield of finished products per unit of processed raw material, process low-quality raw materials and create products with increased nutritional value.

Methods. The objects of the study were three samples of grain crops: wheat, barley, oats. At the initial stage, incoming quality control of raw materials and their disinfection by physical method of exposure were carried out. For experimental samples of cereal crops at the stage of soaking the impact of ultrasound (22 ± 1.25 kHz) 245 W/l for 5 min, then the grain was soaked for 8 hours (wheat grain) and 12 hours (barley and oats grain), the process of germination was carried out until reaching the sprout size 1.5–2 mm in more than 90% of grains. All operations with control samples were performed in the same sequence, excluding the process of ultrasound exposure. The total content of flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds was determined in all tested samples using spectrophotometric method, total antioxidant activity using DPPH-method, and γ-aminobutyric acid content using automated liquid chromatography system.

Results. The studies showed that all germinated samples of cereal crops are characterized by sufficiently high values of flavonoid and polyphenolic compounds. At the same time, the samples obtained by ultrasound exposure showed an increase in the content of flavonoids by an average of 7.3–8.9 times, polyphenols by 2–5.6 times. In the process of intensified controlled germination, the total antioxidant activity increased by 31.6–40.0%, relative to the control samples of grain crops. The increase in GABA content in samples after ultrasound exposure averaged 360–490%. The results confirmed the possibility and feasibility of using the proposed technology of controlled germination in obtaining raw ingredients from germinated cereal crops. The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation Grant 23-26-00290.
Analysis of the level of consumption of basic foodstuffs by the population as the most important component of food security in the region
Authors: Kuzmitskaya A. A. , Korosteleva O. N. , Kubyshkin A. V. , Khvostenko T. M.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. In the implementation of state social obligations, food security plays a special role, since through the food supply system, human needs for food products are met. The purpose of the work is to analyze the level of consumption of basic foodstuffs by the population and determine further ways to solve the problem of food supply in the Bryansk region.

Methods. The following methods of economic research were used in the article (within the framework of a systematic approach): monographic, comparative, economic and statistical.

Results. The standards of consumption of basic foodstuffs in Russia are considered, a comparative analysis of Russian standards with those of other countries is carried out. The per capita consumption of basic foodstuffs in the Russian Federation and the Central Federal District is analyzed. Аn objective analysis of the level of consumption of agricultural products by the population of the Bryansk region, which allows us to determine the state and prospects for the development of key sectors of the agricultural sector and the achievement of import substitution policy. The study period covers 2005–2021. Regional peculiarities of ensuring food security are revealed. A negative aspect is the problem of economic availability of food in the region in the necessary volumes and assortment for the population with low incomes, which is due to rising inflation and a decrease in real incomes. The directions allowing to increase the efficiency of ensuring food security of the region are proposed.
Peculiarities of pricing in the grain market
Authors: Amirova E. F. , Safiullin I. N. , Gubanova E. V. , Khannanov M. M.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. The grain market is one of the key sectors of the agro-industrial complex and is important for the development of the entire economy of the country. In Russia, there are many problems associated with pricing in the grain market, including the uneven distribution of agricultural producers across the country and an underdeveloped infrastructure for storing and transporting grain. Thus, this article is relevant and relevant for modern business conditions.

Methods. General scientific and special research methods are presented, including a descriptive method (generalization techniques, observations, interpretation, comparison, etc.), methods of pricing analysis and forecasting grain prices, as well as recommendations for optimizing pricing in the grain market.

Results. As a result of the analysis of the peculiarities of pricing in the grain market, the following results were obtained: yield is one of the main factors affecting the price of grain, insufficient gross grain harvest leads to a shortage of products on the market and an increase in prices; supply and demand also have a significant impact on the price of grain; with the devaluation of the national currency, grain prices may rise; when due to the unfavorable price environment for grain transportation, the price of products will also increase. The price of grain is a key factor for all market participants, so it is necessary to monitor changes in the market and adapt to them. To ensure the stability and profitability of the business, it is necessary to take into account all factors affecting the price of grain and make effective decisions based on the analysis of the market situation.
Diagnostically significant single nucleotide polymorphisms in the env-gene locus for SNP-genotyping of Bovine leukemia virus
Authors: Vafin R. R. , Gilmanov Kh. Kh. , Shastin P. N. , Gulyukin E. A. , Grigoriev A. G.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. The etiological agent in the development of persistent lymphocytosis and lymphosarcoma in cattle is Bovine leukemia virus. Phylogenetic analysis of sequenced nucleotide sequences of the BLV env-gene locus is the main, but not the only, approach to pathogen genotypic classification.

Metods. The aim of the study was to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the locus of the Bovine leukemia virus env-gene, considered as diagnostically significant for SNP genotyping of BLV based on the analysis of direct sequencing data of the PCR-product.

Results. Alignment of the nucleotide sequences of the env-gene locus of 101 BLV type isolates of known Bovine leukemia virus genotypes revealed 155 single nucleotide polymorphisms, of which 35 SNP were considered diagnostically significant. At the same time, for BLV SNP-genotyping, an analysis of 22 characterized single nucleotide polymorphisms is sufficient, 14 of which are genotype-specific in relation to nine genotypes of the studied viral pathogen (C232G for the 3rd, G84A for the 4th, A117G, T326C and C412T — 5th, C394T — 8th, C40G — 9th, C132T — 10th, T113A and T256C — the 11th, T49C and G140A — the 12th, C83A and T304C — the 13th genotypes, thereby ensuring their identification. The other 8 characterized polymorphic positions are not genotype-specific, but the interpretation of the results of their detection has identification value in relation to the remaining 4 BLV genotypes: 1st (G205G and A337A), 2nd (T220C and A334G), 6th (A127R, C132C, T153C and C341C) and 7th (T220C and A334A) respectively.
Genetic architecture of reproductive traits in Russian Landrace pigs
Authors: Belous A. A. , Volkova V. V. , Reshetnikova A. A. , Otradnov P. I. , Zinovyeva N. A.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. Currently, the development of molecular and population genetics is a relevant task. The need to identify reliable candidate genes is associated with increase in pig population and quality improvement of both breeding and meat products. In this regard, the whole-genome analysis method solves issues of the genetic determination in quantitative and economically important traits.

Methods. In this study, the GWAS method was applied to reproductive traits of Landrace sows.

Results. 35 reliable candidate genes with biological functionality were identified and described, located near or within the identified significant SNP, responsible for various reproductive traits of sow organisms. Genes were classified into two clusters — 20 genes belonged to Cluster 1, which was responsible for mitochondrial and coupled electron transport, ATP synthesis, as well as binding of fatty acids and tryptophan (AFF4, IL13, IL4, IRF1, SHROOM1, IL-5, UQCRQ, MRPL13, TTR, ENPEP, NOL4, PCDH7, DSG3, RASSF6, ALB, AFP, ANKRD17, SOX9), and 15 genes belonged to Cluster 2, which was associated with response to bacterial and viral infections (YTHDC2, KIF3A, EYA1, DSG2, DSG4, PPIH, RNF125, TRAPPC8, PITX2, KIAA1462, MTPAP, JMJD6, METTL23, SRSF2, and U2AF1).
Physical and chemical indicators and technological properties of cowʼs milk depending on the linear origin
Authors: Gorelik O. V. , Gorelik A. S. , Fedoseeva N. A. , Temerbaeva M. V.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. Milk is not only one of the most consumed food sources for Russian citizens, but also a valuable raw material for food production. Its composition is influenced by many factors, including origin. To obtain it, dairy cattle are used, including Holstein, created by absorbing the breeding stock of domestic black-and-white cattle by bulls of the Holstein breed. The study of physicochemical parameters and technological properties of milk of cows of a new genetic formation of dairy cattle in the Middle Urals zone is of both scientific and practical interest.

Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the best indicators for the nutritional value of milk were found in the milk of the cows of the Montvik Chieftain line, the calorie content of which was higher than that of the milk of cows of other lines by 1.7 and 1.3%. It had more MJ, MDB, which had a positive effect on the content of dry matter and SOMO in the milk of cows of this line. Significant differences were found in the content of fat (MJ) and protein (MDP) in the milk of cows, as well as casein in favor of milk obtained from cows of the Montvik Chieftain line (р ≤ 0.05–0.01, respectively, in terms of indicators). The increased content of protein in the milk of cows of this group allows us to speak about the effectiveness of its use in cheesemaking, which is confirmed by indicators of cheese suitability and rennet coagulability. In the milk of cows of the Montvik Chieftain line, the duration of rennet clotting of milk (the duration of clot formation) was shorter by 7–8 min. according to Dilanyan and by 7'43''–10'11'' — according to N.V. Barabanshchikov).
Comparative genetic characteristics of microsatellite profile of holstein and purebred kholmogorsky bulls
Authors: Nikolaev S. V. , Yaluga V. L.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. Due to widespread metisation the Kholmogorskaya breed is on the verge of complete extinction, which requires the development of measures aimed at preserving not only the animals themselves, but also their genetic diversity. Microsatellites can be considered the most convenient for analyzing the genetic state of a population, due to the high level of their polymorphism.

Methods. The material for genetic examination was cryocon-served sperm of bulls-producers belonging to the RSUP «Komi» for breeding work (Syktyvkar). Samples from 64 pure-bred Kholmogorsky and 36 with different levels of Holstein breeding bulls were selected for analysis. The allelic structure of STR markers was determined in the laboratory of DNA technologies of FGBNU «VNIIplem». The genetic and statistical analysis was carried out according to the methods generally accepted in biology and animal science.

Results. Among purebred bulls 9 privat-alleles were identified, and in crossbreed producers — 13. The most polymorphic among Holstein animals were loci TGLA122 (Na = 10) and TGLA227 (Na = 11), in purebred animals — TGLA227 (Na = 9) and TGLA53 (Na = 10). The maximum correspondence between the number of actual and effective alleles was observed at the BM1824 locus, and the minimum at TGLA227. The Shannon index was the highest for the locus TGLA122 (2,046) in crossbreeds and for TGLA53 (2,011) in purebred bulls, and the lowest for BM1818 (1,050 and 1,174). The diversity of the allelofund of the analyzed loci in the metalized animals was slightly higher (by 0.26). The average fixation index in crossbreeds deviated towards a slight deficit of heterozygosity (0.017), and in purebred bulls an excess (-0.025). The greatest genetic relationship between the two samples was observed at the SPS115 locus (0.996), and the smallest at CSSM66 (0.827).
The influence of biologized crop rotations on organic matter and agrophysical soil layers in the arid steppe of the Southern Urals
Authors: Kaipov Ya. Z. , Sultangazin Z. R. , Akchurin R. L.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. The continuing deterioration of the state of agricultural lands and the natural environment in general requires a transition to conservation agriculture, of which biologized crop rotations are a part.

The purpose of the research is to establish the influence of biologized crop rotations on the content of organic matter and agrophysical properties of the soil in the arid steppe of the Southern Urals.

Methods. Field experiments and laboratory analyses were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The soil of the experimental field is ordinary medium loamy chernozem. The climate is arid. During the years of research, the hydrothermal coefficient was 0.27–0.65. In the experiment, we studied sevenfield biologized crop rotations with four grain fields, two alfalfa fields and pure steam (type I), with five grain fields and two alfalfa fields (type II). As a control, a six-field grain-pair crop rotation was taken. We created food backgrounds: without fertilizers, organic, mineral.

Results. It was revealed that biologized crop rotations in the alfalfa link of the first and second years of use accumulate 7.8–9.1 t/ha of crop-root residues in the soil layer 0-40 cm, which is three to seven times more than the grain-pair crop rotation. The increased amount of PKO in biologized crop rotations has a loosening effect on the arable (0–30 cm) and sub-arable (30–40 cm) soil layers. The density of the arable layer is 1.10 g/cm³, the sub — arable layer is 1.05 g/cm³. Accordingly, the indicators of grain — pair crop rotation are 1.12 g/cm³ and 1.12 g/cm³, or 6% more. Biologized crop rotations contained higher moisture reserves in the soil. Spring reserves of productive moisture in the soil layer of 0–100 cm in biologized crop rotations — from 97 to 112 mm for fertilizer backgrounds, which is 8–22 mm more than in the grain-steam crop rotation. Thus, biologized crop rotations in the conditions of the arid steppe of the Southern Urals contribute to the optimization of agrophysical properties and improvement of the water regime of the soil.
The effect of crop rotations and mineral fertilizers on the fertility of chestnut soil
Authors: Morozov N. A. , Khodzhaeva N. A. , Prokhorova I. V. , Khripunov A. I. , Obshchiya E. N.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. The task of preserving and increasing soil fertility is urgent, since it is closely related to crop yields.

Methods. The research was carried out in the arid zone of the Stavropol Territory at the Prikumskaya experimental breeding station in four 6-pole crop rotations from 1969 to 2022.

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of saturation of grain crop rotations with pure steam on various nutrition backgrounds on the fertility of chestnut soil in the conditions of the Eastern Caucasus.

Results. Over 53 years of research, the content and reserves of humus in the arable soil layer in grain-steam crop rotations decreased by 0.18–0.22% and 4.7–5.8 t/ha at the control, on a fertilized background — 0.04–0.08% and 1.0–2.0 t/ha, and in crop rotation without pure steam, on the contrary, increased, respectively, by 0.05% and 1.3 t/ha and 0.21% and 5.5 t/ha. On a natural background, the mineralization of organic matter took place much more intensively than on the variants with the introduction of fertilizers. Nitrate nitrogen reserves in crop rotations with 50.0% and 33.3% of pure steam decreased by 7.6 kg/ha and 1.3 kg/ha at the control, and on a fertilized background in crop rotation with 50.0% of pure steam — by 3.5 kg/ha. In other variants of the experiment, the amount of nitrogen increased. The maximum content of this element on all food backgrounds was noted in the crop rotation without pure steam. In all variants of the experiment, the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium increased at the control by 0.7–2.5 and 31–62 mg/kg, and on a fertilized background by 7.2–20.0 and 12–38 mg/kg of soil. The application of mineral fertilizers contributed to an increase in phosphorus reserves by 13.6–44.6 kg/ha and a decrease in potassium by 20–63 kg/ha compared to the control.
Some Features of Potassium Migration in the Agro-Landscape
Authors: Ivanov D. A. , Rublyuk M. V. , Karaseva O. V.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. The problem of the influence of land use methods on the loss of potassium by soils, one of the main elements in the triad of plant nutrition, is considered.

Methods. The studies were carried out in 1996–2020 on the basis of monitoring the potassium content in the soils of the Gubino VNIIMZ agro-polygon located within the limits of a finite moraine hill. The monitoring was carried out on an agro-ecological transect — an industrial array that crosses the main landscape positions of the hill and consists of 10 parallel fields, each of which has an individual history. Potassium was determined in each field at 30 sampling points located 40 m apart, which made it possible to assess the impact of natural and anthropogenic conditions on it. Correlation coefficients and regression models of the dependence of potassium losses on the totality of anthropogenic factors in various microlandscapes were calculated.

Results. It is established that the nature of potassium migration depends on time, the characteristics of the natural conditions of the field and the history of its use. In the mode of extensive cultivation of crops, its content in soils is significantly reduced. Within the agricultural landscape, the spatial dynamics of losses is influenced by the diversity of natural conditions, while the nature of the history of fields affects migration flows only in certain parts of it. The features of the agricultural landscape that intensify potassium losses are a light granulometric composition and the dominance of eluvial processes. In transit and accumulative geocomplexes, potassium losses are lower. Based on the regularities obtained, it is possible to develop measures for the adaptive placement of land and crops, which makes it possible to minimize the loss of potassium.
Changes in yield and its structure elements of winter bread wheat depending on the conditions of a moisture supply and a genotype
Authors: Samofalov A. P. , Podgorny S. V. , Skripka O. V. , Gromova S. N. , Chernova V. L.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. In this regard, it is of great relevance to study influence of individual arid situations on the yield and its structure elements for winter bread wheat varieties; to identify more reliable selection criteria in breeding for drought resistance; to determine differences in the drought conditions’ response among genotypes with contrasting length of a vegetation period.

Methods. The study was carried out in 2017–2021 on the fields of the research crop rotation of the FSBSI «ARC “Donskoy”», according to a green manure fallow due to the methods of SVT and a field trial. The objects of the research were 25 modern varieties and promising breeding lines of our own breeding.

Results. There have been considered the types of droughts and their influence on the yield and its structural elements through the years of research in comparison with the control year 2017, which was favorable in precipitation and temperature conditions in all vegetation and development periods of winter wheat with HThC = 0.92–1.46. The yield decrease amounted to 39.4% in 2019 vs. 2017 and was due to a decrease in the number of sprouted plants and productive heads on 50.5% and 37.2%. In 2020, the productivity reduced on 10.7% due to head and plant productivity decrease on 31.8% and 12.1% and a grain size on 21.0%. In 2021, the yield decreased on 18.6% due to a decrease in plant density and productive head stand on 41.7% and 18.6%, and 1000-grain weight on 15.0%. Based on the correlation analysis, there have been identified the structural elements which could make the main contribution to productivity formation depending on the type of drought, namely plant density (r = 0.78), productive head (r = 0.70), grain size of a head and a plant (r = 0.60 and r = 0.79), plant height (r = 0.70).
Evaluation of the lines of the control nursery of spring soft wheat in arid conditions North of Kazakhstan
Authors: Fedorenko E. N. , Lutchenko Zh. I. , Artys A. Yu.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. Northern Kazakhstan is a region where the main production of spring soft wheat grain is concentrated. The creation and introduction of new varieties that meet the requirements of modern production are relevant.

Methods. The objects of research are 76 breeding lines of spring soft wheat. The experience was laid in the steppe zone of the North Kazakhstan region. The climate is arid, the average annual precipitation is 240–330 mm. The soil is ordinary carbonate heavy loamy chernozem, humus — 4.5–5.0%. Records and observations were carried out according to the Methodology of the state test (2010). The mass of 1000 grains was determined according to GOST 10842-89, the gluten content — according to ST RK 1046-2008, the nature of the grain was determined on a laboratory device Wile 200.

Results. The evaluation of the breeding material was carried out in harsh arid conditions according to several economically valuable characteristics: the duration of the growing season, productivity and grain quality. Six most promising lines have been identified for further study in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan: 433 SP-2/20, 438 SP-2/20, 446 SP-2/20, 448 SP-2/20, 619 SP-2/20, 769 SP-2/20 with a yield of 24.0–27.7 kg/ha, weighing 1000 grains — 37.2–42.8 g, in kind — 771–789 g /l, gluten content — 32.32–36.32%.
“PROBLEMA GUIANENSE” DA EMANCIPAÇÃO CULTURAL E POLÍTICA NA PRIMEIRA COLETÂNEA POÉTICA DE ÉLIE STEPHENSON
Authors: Costa Daniel Padilha Pacheco da
Published: July 2023

Em Une flèche pour le pays à l’encan (1975), o poeta guianense Élie Stephenson retoma os “grandes temas da Negritude” – em particular, da Negritude do seu conterrâneo Léon-Gontran Damas. Desde a publicação dessa primeira obra, Stephenson discute criticamente não apenas com os fundadores do movimento da Negritude, como Aimé Césaire e Léopold Sédar Senghor, mas também com a nova geração de escritores africanos e antilhanos dos anos de 1960 e 1970. Neste artigo, pretendemos mostrar que, centrado no “problema guianense”, o primeiro livro de poemas de Stephenson é, ao mesmo tempo, engajado politicamente e enraizado nas tradições orais e folclóricas dos negros e ameríndios, segundo um programa de emancipação política e cultural do seu país.Palavras-chave: Élie Stephenson; Negritude; Guiana Francesa; Emancipação cultural e política.
MAYOURI D’ÉLIE STEPHENSON
Authors: Fauquenory Marguerite , Bagno Marcos , Silva-Reis Dennys
Published: July 2023

O presente texto é uma introdução crítica da peça O Mayouri (1988) de Élie Stéphenson. O texto faz um panorama sobre a literatura guianense situando o autor e sua produção literária, em particular, seus textos dramáticos. Em seguida, é exposto um quadro linguístico da região, bem como é pormenorizado como esse contexto bilíngue aparece na peça de teatro. Por fim, há algumas reflexões sobre o crioulo guianense e como ele foi transcrito da forma oral para a forma escrita na edição em livro de 1988 da obra O Mayouri.Palavras-chaves: O Mayouri, Élie Stéphenson, Teatro guianense.