bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racial/ethnic disparities in de novo metastases sites and survival outcomes for patients with primary breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer
Authors: Akinyemiju Tomi , Sakhuja Swati , Waterbor John , Pisu Maria , Altekruse Sean F.
Published: February 2018

Racial disparities in cancer mortality still exist despite improvements in treatment strategies leading to improved survival for many cancer types. In this study, we described race/ethnic differences in patterns of de novo metastasis and evaluated the association between site of de novo metastasis and breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer mortality. Data were obtained from the Surveillance Epidemiology and Ends Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2013 and included 520,147 patients ages ≥40 years with primary diagnosis of breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer. Site and frequency of de novo metastases to four sites (bone, brain, liver, and lung) were compared by race/ethnicity using descriptive statistics, and survival differences examined using extended Cox regression models in SAS 9.4. Overall, non‐Hispanic (NH) Blacks (11%) were more likely to present with de novo metastasis compared with NH‐Whites (9%) or Hispanics (10%). Among patients with breast cancer, NH‐Blacks were more likely to have metastasis to the bone, (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.15–1.37), brain (OR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.57–3.25), or liver (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.35–1.93), while Hispanics were less likely to have metastasis to the liver (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60–0.97) compared with NH‐Whites. Among patients with prostate cancer, NH‐Blacks (1.39, 95% CI: 1.31–1.48) and Hispanics (1.39, 95% CI: 1.29–1.49) were more likely to have metastasis to the bone. Metastasis to any of the four sites evaluated increased overall mortality by threefold (for breast cancer and metastasis to bone) to 17‐fold (for prostate cancer and metastasis to liver). Racial disparities in mortality remained after adjusting for metastasis site in all cancer types evaluated. De novo metastasis is a major contributor to cancer mortality in USA with racial differences in the site, frequency, and associated survival.
Glioblastoma‐activated pericytes support tumor growth via immunosuppression
Authors: Sena Isadora F. G. , Paiva Ana E. , Prazeres Pedro H. D. M. , Azevedo Patrick O. , Lousado Luiza , Bhutia Sujit K. , Salmina Alla B. , Mintz Akiva , Birbrair Alexander
Published: February 2018

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, with an extremely poor prognosis. The lack of detailed knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in glioblastoma development restricts the design of efficient therapies. A recent study using state‐of‐art technologies explores the role of pericytes in the glioblastoma microenvironment. Glioblastoma‐activated pericytes develop an immunosuppressive phenotype, reducing T‐cell activation through the induction of an anti‐inflammatory response. Strikingly, pericytes support glioblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Here, we describe succinctly the results and implications of the findings reported in pericytes' and glioblastomas' biology. The emerging knowledge from this study will be essential for the treatment of brain tumors.
Adult nodular lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: treatment modality utilization and survival
Authors: Alonso Clayton , Dutta Sunil W. , Mitra Nandita , Landsburg Daniel J. , Zaorsky Nicholas G. , Grover Surbhi , Peterson Jennifer , Trifiletti Daniel M.
Published: February 2018

Early‐stage nodular lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is associated with a favorable prognosis. Our aim was to evaluate the patterns of care of radiotherapy utilization in this disease and to define the relationship between treatment modality and survival. The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with stages I‐II NLPHL diagnosed from 2004 to 2012. Patients were compared based on primary therapy into four categories: radiotherapy, chemotherapy, both, or neither. Covariate‐adjusted and propensity score‐weighted (PS) Cox proportional hazards models were used, adjusting for potential factors confounding survival. After exclusions, 1420 patients were evaluated, 571 (40%) received radiotherapy alone, 318 (22%) received chemotherapy alone, 351 (25%) received both, and 180 (13%) received neither. Younger patient age (P = 0.001), female gender (P = 0.019), and chemotherapy use (P < 0.001) were associated with decreased radiotherapy utilization. On PS, radiation alone (HR = 0.298, P < 0.001) and chemoradiotherapy (HR = 0.258, P < 0.001) were associated with improved survival compared to no upfront therapy, but the use of chemotherapy alone did not statistically differ compared to no initial therapy (HR = 0.784, P = 0.078). In this large database analysis, over one‐third of patients with early‐stage NLPHL did not receive radiotherapy as a component of initial therapy. The omission of upfront radiotherapy was associated with inferior survival.
Socioeconomic and demographic inequalities in stage at diagnosis and survival among colorectal cancer patients: evidence from a Swiss population‐based study
Authors: Feller Anita , Schmidlin Kurt , Bordoni Andrea , Bouchardy Christine , Bulliard Jean‐Luc , Camey Bertrand , Konzelmann Isabelle , Maspoli Manuela , Wanner Miriam , Zwahlen Marcel , Clough‐Gorr Kerri M. ,   the SNC and the NICER Working Group
Published: February 2018

Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer stage at diagnosis and survival are important public health issues. This study investigates the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and colorectal cancer (CRC) stage at diagnosis and survival in Switzerland, a European country with highest level of medical facilities and life expectancy. We used population‐based CRC data from seven Swiss cantonal cancer registries 2001–2008 (N = 10,088) linked to the Swiss National Cohort (SNC). Follow‐up information was available until the end of 2013. SEP was estimated based on education. The association between cancer stage and SEP was assessed using logistic regression models including cancer localization (colon/rectum), sex, age, civil status, urbanity of residence, language region, and nationality (Swiss/non‐Swiss). Survival was analyzed using competing risk regressions reporting subhazard ratios (SHRs) for the risk of dying due to CRC. We observed a social gradient for later stage CRC with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.11 (95% CI: 0.97–1.19) and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.08–1.50) for middle and low SEP compared to high SEP. Further, single compared to married people had elevated odds of being diagnosed at later stages. Survival was lower in patients with CRC with low SEP in the unadjusted model (SHR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07–1.30). After adjustment for stage at diagnosis and further sociodemographic characteristics, significant survival inequalities by SEP disappeared but remained for non‐Swiss compared to Swiss citizens and for patients living in nonurban areas compared to their urban counterparts. Swiss public health strategies should facilitate equal access to CRC screening and optimal CRC care for all social groups and in all regions of Switzerland.
Being present: oncologists' role in promoting advanced cancer patients' illness understanding
Authors: Cohen Simon M. , Maciejewski Renee C. , Shah Manish A. , Trevino Kelly M. , Shen Megan J. , Maciejewski Paul K. , Prigerson Holly G.
Published: February 2018

Realistic illness understanding is essential to an advanced cancer patient's ability to make informed medical decisions at the end of life. This study sought to determine whether advanced cancer patients better understood the late stage of their cancer if an oncologist, compared to other members of the care team, was present to discuss their scan results. Data were derived from a multi‐institutional, longitudinal cohort study of patients recruited between 2010 and 2015. Patients (n = 209) with late‐stage cancers (metastatic cancers that progressed after at least one chemotherapy regimen) were interviewed before and after clinic visits in which scan results were discussed. Patients reported pre‐ and postvisit if their cancer was at a late stage. Postvisit, patients reported if they discussed scan results with an oncologist or another oncology provider (i.e., oncology fellow, oncology resident, nurse practitioner, nurse, physician's assistant, or other). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine if the presence of an oncologist during scan results discussions differentially predicted the patients' likelihood of postvisit late‐stage illness understanding (LSIU). Propensity weighting was used to correct for sociodemographic imbalances between groups, and previsit LSIU and the presence of multiple providers were controlled for in the logistic regression analyses. After propensity‐weighted adjustment and controlling for previsit LSIU and the presence of multiple providers, patients were 2.6 times more likely (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.2, 6.0; P = 0.021) to report that their disease was late stage if an oncologist was present for the scan results discussion compared to if an oncologist was absent. The presence of an oncologist during scan results discussions was associated with a higher likelihood of patients acknowledging being in a late stage of their disease. These results suggest that oncologist involvement in scan results discussions is associated with advanced cancer patients having better prognostic understanding.
Effect of Fluorination on Skin Sensitization Potential and Fragrant Properties of Cinnamyl Compounds
Authors: Charpentier Julie , Emter Roger , Koch Heinz , Lelièvre Dominique , Pannecoucke Xavier , Couve‐Bonnaire Samuel , Natsch Andreas , Bombrun Agnes
Published: February 2018

A series of three α‐ and three β‐fluorinated representatives of the family of cinnamate‐derived odorants (cinnamaldehyde (1), cinnamyl alcohol (2), and ethyl cinnamate (3)) as used as fragrance ingredients is described. Olfactive evaluation shows that the fluorinated compounds exhibit a similar odor profile to their parent compounds, but the olfactive detection thresholds are clearly higher. In vitro evaluation of the skin sensitizing properties with three different assays indicates that α‐fluorination of Michael acceptor systems 1 and 3 slightly improves the skin sensitization profile. α‐Fluorocinnamyl alcohol 2b is a weaker skin sensitizer than cinnamyl alcohol 2a by in vitro tests and the fluorinated product drops below the sensitization threshold of the KeratinoSens® assay. On the other hand, β‐fluorination of compounds 1 – 3 results in highly reactive products which display a worsened in vitro skin sensitization profile.
Impella removal with access site salvage
Authors: Yager Neil , Waxman Sergio
Published: February 2018

Removal of the percutaneous Impella CP assist device while maintaining femoral artery access site is not always possible. This case highlights a technique of Impella removal with access site salvage.
Long‐term efficacy of drug coated balloons compared with new generation drug‐eluting stents for the treatment of de novo coronary artery lesions
Authors: Venetsanos Dimitrios , Lawesson Sofia Sederholm , Panayi Georgios , Tödt Tim , Berglund Ulf , Swahn Eva , Alfredsson Joakim
Published: February 2018

Background

Studies comparing drug coated balloons (DCB) with new generation drug‐eluting stents (nDES) for the treatment of de novo coronary artery lesions are lacking.

Methods

From 2009 to 2016, DCB or nDES used for treatment of de novo coronary lesions at our institution were included, in total 1,197 DEB and 6,458 nDES. We evaluated target lesions restenosis (TLR) and definite target lesion thrombosis (TLT). Propensity score modeling were utilized to study adjusted associations between treatment and outcomes.

Results

Median follow‐up was 901days. DCB patients were older, with higher cardiovascular risk profile. Bailout stenting after DCB was performed in 8% of lesions. The cumulative rate of TLR and TLT was 7.0 vs. 4.9% and 0.2 vs. 0.8% for DCB vs. nDES, respectively. Before adjustment, DCB was associated with a higher risk of TLR [hazard ratio (HR) 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.94] and a non‐significantly lower risk of TLT (HR 0.30; 95% CI 0.07–1.24), compared to nDES. In the propensity matched population consisted of 1,197 DCB and 1,197 nDES, treatment with DCB was associated with similar risk for TLR (adjusted HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.72–1.53) but significantly lower risk for TLT (adjusted HR 0.18; 95% CI 0.04–0.82) compared to nDES.

Conclusions

Treatment with DCB was associated with a similar risk of TLR and a lower risk of definite TLT compared with nDES. In selected cases, DCB appears as a good alternative to nDES for the treatment of de novo coronary lesions.
Malignant transformation of phyllodes tumor: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Pornchai Suragit , Chirappapha Prakasit , Pipatsakulroj Wiriya , Lertsithichai Panuwat , Vassanasiri Watoo , Sitathanee Chomporn , Kongdan Youwanush , Sukarayothin Thongchai , Leesombatpaiboon Monchai
Published: February 2018

Key Clinical Message

Malignant phyllodes may transform from benign phyllodes; low‐aggressive malignant phyllodes tumor is manageable by locally wide excision.
K3B6O9F3: A New Fluorooxoborate with Four Different Anionic Units
Authors: Han Guopeng , Shi Guoqiang , Wang Ying , Zhang Bingbing , Han Shujuan , Zhang Fangfang , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: February 2018

K3B6O9F3, a first fluorooxoborate containing four different units, that is, [BO3]3−, [BO4]5−, [BO3F]4−, and [BO2F2]3−, has been designed and synthesized by two different routes. The unique anionic
[B6O9F3]3− layers avoid forming terminal oxygen atoms, which are beneficial to enlarge the band gap. The structure‐properties relationship of the title compound is discussed.
Ammonothermal Synthesis of Nitrides: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives
Authors: Häusler Jonas , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: February 2018

Nitrides represent an intriguing class of functional materials with a broad range of application fields. Within the past decade, the ammonothermal method became increasingly attractive for the synthesis and crystal growth of nitride materials. The ammonothermal approach proved to be eminently suitable for the growth of bulk III‐nitride semiconductors like GaN, and furthermore provided access to numerous ternary and multinary nitrides and oxonitrides with promising optical and electronic properties. In this minireview, we will shed light on the latest research findings covering the synthesis of nitrides by this method. An overview of synthesis strategies for binary, ternary, and multinary nitrides and oxonitrides, as well as their properties and potential applications will be given. The recent development of autoclave technologies for syntheses at high temperatures and pressures, in situ methods for investigations of crystallization processes, and solubility measurements by ultrasonic velocity experiments is briefly reviewed as well. In conclusion, challenges and future perspectives regarding the synthesis and crystal growth of novel nitrides, as well as the advancement of autoclave techniques are discussed.
Metal‐Free Geminal Difunctionalization of Diazocarbonyl Compounds: A One‐Pot Multicomponent Strategy for the Construction of α,β‐Diamino Carbonyl Derivatives
Authors: Zhu Dan , Yao Yuan , Zhao Rong , Liu Yang , Shi Lei
Published: February 2018

An unprecedented three‐component domino oxidative coupling of diazocompounds for the efficient synthesis of α‐azido‐β‐amino esters with non‐activated dimethylamino compounds and simple TMSN3 was achieved. The main features of this method include metal‐free catalysis, satisfactory functional group tolerance, general applicability in complex molecule architectures, and excellent diastereoselectivity in the presence of chiral auxiliaries. In addition, several related control experiments have been conducted to investigate the reaction mechanism.
Treating complicated grief and posttraumatic stress in homicidally bereaved individuals: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: van Denderen Mariëtte , de Keijser Jos , Stewart Roy , Boelen Paul A.
Published: February 2018

Homicidally bereaved individuals may experience symptoms of Complicated Grief (CG) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This Randomized Controlled Trial examined the effectiveness of an 8‐session treatment encompassing Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to reduce self‐rated CG and PTSD symptoms in 85 Dutch adult homicidally bereaved men and women. We compared changes in symptoms of CG (assessed using the Inventory of Complicated Grief) and PTSD (assessed using the Impact of Event Scale) between an intervention group and a waitlist control group. The treatment was effective in reducing CG and PTSD symptoms, from pretreatment to posttreatment. It can be concluded that EMDR and CBT seem promising treatments for homicidally bereaved individuals for both men and women, and regardless of the time since the loss. Further research is needed to examine whether a combined treatment of EMDR and CBT together is of added value in situations where grief and trauma are intertwined over offering only one of the two treatment modalities.
Human HLA‐B27 typing using the BD™ HLA‐B27 kit on the BD FACSVia™ system: A multicenter study
Authors: Zeng Yang , Hiti Alan , Moranville Sherry , Vicent Gloria , Chavira Sylvia , de Arruda Indig Monika , Graminske Sharon , Boerner Amanda , Schmidt Anna , Oreizy Farzad , Chen Angela , Saleminik Maryam , Mosqueda Fred , Lin Anna , Judge Kevin
Published: February 2018

The BD FACSVia™ system is a novel flow cytometer with improved workflow efficiencies. To evaluate the HLA‐B27 application developed on the BD FACSVia system utilizing the BD™ HLA‐B27 kit, we conducted a concordance study at three centers to compare with the BD FACSCalibur™ system. Prepared donor samples (n = 594) were analyzed on both the BD FACSVia and BD FACSCalibur for the HLA‐B27 assay. Adjudication of HLA‐B27 discordant results was performed using the reverse sequence‐specific oligonucleotide (rSSO) DNA typing method (LABType® SSO, One Lambda). On the BD FACSVia system 80 B27 positive, 499 B27 negative and 15 “Inconclusive” samples were observed. The corresponding BD FACSCalibur results were 73 B27 positive, 502 B27 negative and 19 “gray zone” samples. The overall concordance of HLA‐B27 determination was 98% between the two systems with seven more positives identified on BD FACSVia as compared to BD FACSCalibur. The equivocal zone between positive and negative on BD FACSVia (named “Inconclusive”) and on BD FACSCalibur (named “gray zone”) is due to antibody cross reactivity of HLA‐B27 clone GS145.2. One negative sample verified with the rSSO DNA method was reported as HLA‐B27 positive by the BD FACSVia system leading to a false positive result. Our study demonstrated concordance results between the BD FACSVia system and BD FACSCalibur. Intersite reproducibility of BD HLA‐B27 assay remained within the limits of acceptability. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Clinical Cytometry Society
Cooperative caching for content dissemination in vehicular networks
Authors: Akhavan Bitaghsir Saeid , Khonsari Ahmad
Published: February 2018

The explosive growth of mobile data traffic has made cellular operators to seek low‐cost alternatives for cellular traffic off‐loading. In this paper, we consider a content delivery network where a vehicular communication network composed of roadside units (RSUs) is integrated into a cellular network to serve as an off‐loading platform. Each RSU subjecting to its storage capacity caches a subset of the contents of the central content server. Allocating the suitable subset of contents in each RSU cache such that maximizes the hit ratio of vehicles requests is a problem of paramount value that is targeted in this study. First, we propose a centralized solution in which, we model the cache content placement problem as a submodular maximization problem and show that it is NP‐hard. Second, we propose a distributed cooperative caching scheme, in which RSUs in an area periodically share information about their contents locally and thus update their cache. To this end, we model the distributed caching problem as a strategic resource allocation game that achieves at least 50% of the optimal solution. Finally, we evaluate our scheme using simulation for urban mobility simulator under realistic conditions. On average, the results show an improvement of 8% in the hit ratio of the proposed method compared with other well‐known cache content placement approaches.
Helping students and young workers survive the jungle
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: February 2018

When I read Upton Sinclair's The Jungle while in high school some 40+ years ago, I learned about the harsh conditions and the exploited lives of workers in the Chicago meat industry. Sinclair brought to the public's attention the sad fate of immigrant workers in the early 20th century.
Disability resources in higher education, part 2: Mission and role of disability resources and services
Authors: Thompson Tom L.
Published: February 2018

The role and purpose of disability resources and services in higher education is not simply one of compliance. In 2013, a group of professionals from the Council for the Advancement of Standards and Association on Higher Education And Disability authored a revised version of professional standards for DRS work. These standards define the scope of the work of DRS and provide a means of assessing the effectiveness of its work.
Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia: Cytologic characterization of a rare distinct entity in the thyroid
Authors: Ames Erik , Campbell Michael J. , Afify Alaa , Krane Jeffrey F. , Huang Eric C.
Published: February 2018

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia (SMECE) is an extremely rare thyroid carcinoma with limited cytologic descriptions in the literature. Here, we present a 52‐year‐old woman with a 3.9 cm thyroid nodule. Fine‐needle aspiration smears consisted of a highly cellular specimen with tumor cells in isolated patterns and solid squamoid nests. Tumor cells had round to oval nuclei, prominent nucleoli, smooth nuclear contours, and moderate amounts of dense cytoplasm. In addition to the polymorphous population of lymphocytes, the background contained a striking abundance of eosinophils. The subsequent right thyroidectomy showed histologic features diagnostic for SMECE.
Parent emotion regulation socializes children's adaptive physiological regulation
Authors: Shih Emily W. , Quiñones‐Camacho Laura E. , Davis Elizabeth L.
Published: February 2018

Parenting practices play a major role in socializing children's developing regulatory abilities, but less is known about how parents’ regulatory abilities relate to children's healthy functioning. This study examined whether parents’ physiological and emotion regulation abilities corresponded to children's physiological and emotional responding to a structured laboratory‐based disappointment task. Ninety‐seven 3‐ to 7‐year‐olds (56 girls; M = 5.79 years) and one parent participated in a multi‐method assessment of parents’ and children's regulatory functioning. Direct (coaching children to use reappraisal) and indirect (resting physiology, dispositional use of reappraisal) aspects of parents’ regulatory abilities were assessed. As expected, an adaptive pattern of parent regulatory abilities composed of higher resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia, use of reappraisal, and coaching reappraisal was associated with children's physiological reactivity after a disappointment indicative of more effective physiological calming in a recovery context (increased parasympathetic activation). In contrast, parents’ regulatory abilities did not relate to changes in children's expressions of emotional distress.
Cut loose and run: The complex role of ADAM proteases during neural crest cell development
Authors: Alfandari Dominique , Taneyhill Lisa A.
Published: February 2018

ADAM metalloproteases have been shown to play critical roles during development. In this review, we will describe functional evidence that implicates ADAM proteins during the genesis, migration and differentiation of neural crest cells. We will restrict our analysis to the transmembrane ADAMs as other reviews have addressed the role of extracellular metalloproteases (Christian et al. [2013] Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 48:544–560). This review will describe advances that have been obtained mainly through the use of two vertebrate model systems, the frog, and avian embryos. The role of the principal substrates of ADAMs, the cadherins, has been extensively described in other reviews, most recently in (Cousin [1997] Mechanisms of Development 148:79–88; Taneyhill and Schiffmacher [2017] Genesis, 55). The function of ADAMs in the migration of other cell types, including the immune system, wound healing and cancer has been described previously in (Dreymueller et al. [2017] Mediators of Inflammation 2017: 9621724). Our goal is to illustrate both the importance of ADAMs in controlling neural crest behavior and how neural crest cells have helped us understand the molecular interactions, substrates, and functions of ADAM proteins in vivo.
Individual‐based model evaluation of using vaccinated hatchery fish to minimize disease spread in wild fish populations
Authors: Ivan Lori N. , Brenden Travis O. , Standish Isaac F. , Faisal Mohamed
Published: February 2018

Although vaccination programs are routinely used in terrestrial environments to protect wild and captive populations against infectious disease, their use in fish populations has been limited to aquaculture/hatchery facilities. A major challenge to enacting a vaccination program for wild fish populations is how to efficiently vaccinate large numbers of susceptible individuals. One possible solution to this dilemma would be vaccinating hatchery‐propagated fish prior to their being stocked into infected systems, although the effectiveness of such a program is uncertain. We constructed a spatially explicit individual‐based model to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccinating hatchery‐propagated fish to protect wild Lake Michigan Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha against a disease exhibiting characteristics similar to viral hemorrhagic septicemia genotype IVb. Simulations tracked growth, movement, mortality, maturation, wild reproduction, and disease transmission during a 25‐yr time period. Disease states consisted of vaccinated, susceptible, infected, shedding (i.e., infectious), and recovered. Factors that were examined included level of clustering among at‐large individuals, infection probability, relationship between viral exposure and mortality, number of stocked individuals, whether recovered individuals could resume viral shedding, and disease initialization status. At an annual stocking level of 2.4 million Chinook salmon, vaccination decreased the percent of the population infected by 23–74% per year depending on the factors evaluated. Doubling the stocking level of vaccinated individuals resulted in similar levels of protection. The largest decrease in percent infected occurred under a condition of low infection probability, high exposure mortality, and high degree of clustering. The protection stemming from vaccination was just slightly smaller under conditions of high infection and high exposure mortality. Complete disease eradication only occurred when recovered individuals could not resume viral shedding. Under such conditions, vaccination sometimes was not even necessary for disease eradication. Our modeling efforts showed that a vaccination program based on immunizing hatchery‐propagated individuals prior to stocking may help protect wild fish populations, although disease eradication may be difficult to achieve when recovered individuals can resume shedding viral particles.
Nucleobases Having M–C Bonds: An Emerging Bio‐Organometallic Field
Authors: Collado Alba , Gómez‐Gallego Mar , Sierra Miguel A.
Published: February 2018

The combination of nucleobases with metals has been a subject of study for the last half century. The understanding of some biological processes and, especially, of the mode of action of metal‐based antitumor drugs, has focused the advances in the field on metal coordination complexes derived from the presence of lone pair N or O atoms in the nucleobase skeleton. This microreview offers a different view, covering the synthetic strategies reported for the preparation of metal complexes derived from nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides and containing at least one M–C bond.
Hot‐Pressed Hybrid Electrodes Comprising Silver Nanowires and Conductive Polymers for Mechanically Robust, All‐Doctor‐Bladed Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Koppitz Manuel , Wegner Eduard , Rödlmeier Tobias , Colsmann Alexander
Published: February 2018

Future low‐cost, high‐throughput production of organic solar cells in roll‐to‐roll printing processes calls for all‐solution‐processable device architectures. Mechanical flexibility and robustness are mandatory to roll the solar foils during printing and to eventually comply with certain end‐user requirements. Here, we report on semitransparent organic solar cells, comprising top and bottom silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes that were embedded into conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The devices exhibited excellent robustness in bending experiments with radii of 5 and 2.5 mm as well as upon folding. To avoid short circuits from nanowires that could stick out of the bottom electrodes, the PEDOT:PSS:AgNW layers were flattened by hot‐pressing after deposition. All solar cells were fabricated in air by doctor blading and exhibited a clear (haze‐free) transparency due to the absence of bus bars. On photoactive areas of 0.5 cm2, power conversion efficiencies of 3.8 % were obtained.
An adaptive numerical scheme for solving incompressible 2‐phase and free‐surface flows
Authors: Frey P. , Kazerani D. , Ta T.T.M.
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we present a numerical scheme for solving 2‐phase or free‐surface flows. Here, the interface/free surface is modeled using the level‐set formulation, and the underlying mesh is adapted at each iteration of the flow solver. This adaptation allows us to obtain a precise approximation for the interface/free‐surface location. In addition, it enables us to solve the time‐discretized fluid equation only in the fluid domain in the case of free‐surface problems. Fluids here are considered incompressible. Therefore, their motion is described by the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equation, which is temporally discretized using the method of characteristics and is solved at each time iteration by a first‐order Lagrange‐Galerkin method. The level‐set function representing the interface/free surface satisfies an advection equation that is also solved using the method of characteristics. The algorithm is completed by some intermediate steps like the construction of a convenient initial level‐set function (redistancing) as well as the construction of a convenient flow for the level‐set advection equation. Numerical results are presented for both bifluid and free‐surface problems.
Adaptation or recovery after health shocks? Evidence using subjective and objective health measures
Authors: Baji Petra , Bíró Anikó
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we analyse the effect of an onset of a health shock on subjective survival probability and compare it with objective survival probability and self‐reported health measures. In particular, we are interested in whether expectations of people respond to health shocks and whether these follow the evolution of objective life expectations and self‐reported health measures over time. Using longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study, we estimate fixed effects models of adaptation for the objective and subjective survival probabilities and for some self‐reported health measures. The results show that after cancer diagnosis, conditional on surviving, both the objective and subjective longevity and self‐reported health measures drift back to the before diagnosis trajectories. For stroke and heart attack, in spite of their persistent negative effect on survival, subjective life expectations and self‐reported health measures seem to indicate only a transient effect of the health shock. The differences between the objective and subjective measures are in line with the concept of adaptation. We discuss the policy implications of our results.
Direct‐acting antivirals do not increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after local‐regional therapy or liver transplant waitlist dropout
Authors: Huang Annsa C. , Mehta Neil , Dodge Jennifer L. , Yao Francis Y. , Terrault Norah A.
Published: February 2018

Whether direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after tumor‐directed therapy is controversial. We sought to determine the impact of DAA therapy on HCC recurrence after local‐regional therapy (LRT) and waitlist dropout among liver transplant (LT) candidates with HCC. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 149 LT candidates with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HCC at a single center from 2014 through 2016. Cumulative incidence of HCC recurrence post‐LRT and waitlist dropout was estimated by the DAA group. Factors associated with each outcome were evaluated using competing risks regression. A propensity score stabilized inverse probability weighting approach was used to account for differences in baseline characteristics between groups. The no DAA group (n = 87) had more severe cirrhosis and lower rates of complete radiologic tumor response after LRT than those treated with DAA (n = 62) but had similar alpha‐fetoprotein and tumor burden at listing. Cumulative incidence of HCC recurrence within 1 year of complete response after LRT was 47.0% in the DAA group and 49.8% in the no DAA group (P = 0.93). In adjusted competing risk analysis using weighted propensity score modeling, risk of HCC recurrence was similar in the DAA group compared to those without DAA (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58‐1.42; P = 0.67). Patients treated with DAAs had lower risk of waitlist dropout due to tumor progression or death compared to the no DAA group in adjusted weighted analysis (HR, 0.30; 95% CI 0.13‐0.69; P = 0.005). Conclusion: In LT candidates with HCV and HCC with initial complete response to LRT, DAA use is not associated with increased risk of HCC recurrence but rather is associated with reduced risk of waitlist dropout due to tumor progression or death. (Hepatology 2018).
Changes in natural killer cells and exhausted memory regulatory T Cells with corticosteroid therapy in acute autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Jeffery Hannah C. , Braitch Manjit K. , Bagnall Chris , Hodson James , Jeffery Louisa E. , Wawman Rebecca E. , Wong Lin Lee , Birtwistle Jane , Bartlett Helen , Lohse Ansgar W. , Hirschfield Gideon M. , Dyson Jessica , Jones David , Hubscher Stefan G. , Klenerman Paul , Adams David H. , Oo Ye H.
Published: February 2018

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune‐mediated liver disease currently treated by immunosuppressive medications with significant side effects. Thus, novel mechanistic treatments are greatly needed. We performed prospective deep immunophenotyping of blood immune cells in patients with acute AIH before and after corticosteroid therapy. Blood samples from 26 patients with acute AIH (United Kingdom‐AIH Consortium) were phenotyped by flow cytometry at baseline and 4 months after starting corticosteroids. Pretreatment liver tissues were stained for forkhead box P3‐positive (FOXP3POS) regulatory T cells (Tregs), clusters of differentiation (CD)56POS natural killer (NK) cells, and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 10. Chemokine secretion by cultured primary hepatocyte and biliary epithelial cells was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Functional coculture assays with stimulated NK cells and Tregs were performed. CD161 ligand, lectin‐like transcript‐1 expression by intrahepatic immune cells was demonstrated with flow cytometry. Frequencies of NKbright cells declined with therapy (P < 0.001) and correlated with levels of alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.023). The Treg:NKbright ratio was lower pretreatment, and Tregs had an activated memory phenotype with high levels of CD39, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, and FOXP3 but also high programmed death ligand 1, indicating exhaustion. Coculture experiments suggested the Tregs could not efficiently suppress interferon‐γ secretion by NK cells. Both Tregs and NK cells had high expression of liver infiltration and T helper 17 plasticity‐associated marker CD161 (P = 0.04). Pretreatment and CD161pos NK cells expressed high levels of perforin and granzyme B, consistent with an activated effector phenotype (P < 0.05). Lectin‐like transcript 1, a ligand for CD161, is expressed on intrahepatic B cells, monocytes, and neutrophils. Conclusion: Activated effector NK cells, which correlate with biochemical measurements of hepatitis, and exhausted memory Tregs are increased in the blood of patients with treatment‐naive AIH and decline with corticosteroid therapy. Inadequate regulation of NK cells by exhausted FOXP3pos Tregs may play a role in AIH pathogenesis and contribute to liver injury. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:421‐436)
Impact of the water salinity on the hydraulic conductivity of fen peat
Authors: Gosch Lennart , Janssen Manon , Lennartz Bernd
Published: February 2018

Coastal peatlands represent an interface between marine and terrestrial ecosystems; their hydrology is affected by salt and fresh water inflow alike. Previous studies on bog peat have shown that pore water salinity can have an impact on the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of peat because of chemical pore dilation effects. In this study, we aimed at quantifying the impact of higher salinities (up to 3.5% NaCl) on Ks of fen peat. Two experiments employing a constant‐head upward‐flow permeameter and differing in measurement and salinity change duration were conducted. Additionally, a third experiment to determine the impact of water salinity on the release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of the studied peat type was carried out. The results show a decrease of Ks with time, which does not depend on the water salinity but is differently shaped for different peat types. We assume pore clogging due to a conglomerate of physical, chemical, and biological processes, which rather depend on water movement rate and time than on water salinity. However, an increased water salinity did increase the DOC release. We conclude that salinity‐dependent behaviour of Ks is a function of peat chemistry and that for some peat types, salinity may only affect the DOC release without having a pronounced impact on water flow.
Cervicovaginal microbiota composition correlates with the acquisition of high‐risk human papillomavirus types
Authors: Huang Xiaojie , Li Chao , Li Fang , Zhao Junwei , Wan Xiaoping , Wang Kai
Published: February 2018

High‐risk (hr) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is closely associated with the clinical conditions of both squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and cervical carcinoma. However, it remains unclear what factors determine the type of hrHPV infection. Here, we have comprehensively investigated the bacterial composition of the cervicovaginal microbiota of 280 women infected with one type of hrHPV (HPV 16, 52 or 58) by the pyrosequencing of barcoded 16S rRNA genes. Differential microbiota composition was observed among various SIL groups and within the subgroups of each group. This result showed that it is not the microbiota diversity or the common microbiota, but rather agents that are specific to each SIL that might have a positive influence on the acquisition of hrHPV types, independent of abundance. Specifically, a composition of Oribacterium, Lachnobacterium and Thermus in the cervicovaginal microbiota is more likely to be associated with HPV 16, while a composition of Motilibacter in the cervicovaginal microbiota is more likely to be associated with HPV 52, and a composition of Litorilinea and Paludibaculum with a concomitant paucity of L. iners in the cervicovaginal microbiota is more likely to be associated with HPV 58. Furthermore, functional predictions regarding infectious diseases and cancer‐related genes disclosed significant differences (p < 0.01) among the different (sub)groups. Our study provides an elucidation of the relationship between the composition of the cervicovaginal microbiota and the type of hrHPV acquired.
TEMPERAMENTAL ADAPTABILITY, PERSISTENCE, AND REGULARITY: PARENTAL RATINGS OF NORWEGIAN INFANTS AGED 6 TO 12 MONTHS, WITH SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTIVE PRACTICE
Authors: Olafsen Kåre S. , Ulvund Stein Erik , Torgersen Anne Mari , Wentzel‐Larsen Tore , Smith Lars , Moe Vibeke
Published: February 2018

There is a need for standardized measures of infant temperament to strengthen current practices in prevention and early intervention. The present study provides Norwegian data on the Cameron‐Rice Infant Temperament Questionnaire (CRITQ; J.R. Cameron & D.C. Rice, 1986a), which comprises 46 items and is used within a U.S. health maintenance organization. The CRITQ was filled out by mothers and fathers at 6 and again at 12 months as part of a longitudinal study of mental health during the first years of life (the “Little in Norway” study, N = 1,041 families enrolled; V. Moe & L. Smith, 2010). Results showed that internal consistencies were comparable with U.S. data. The temperament dimensions of persistence, adaptability, and regularity had acceptable or close‐to‐acceptable reliabilities in the U.S. study as well as in this study, and also were unifactorial in confirmatory factor analysis. These dimensions are the focus in this article. Findings concerning parents’ differential ratings of their infants on the three dimensions are reported, as is the stability of parents’ ratings of temperament from 6 to 12 months. In addition, results on the relation between temperament and parenting stress are presented. The study suggests that temperamental adaptability, persistence, and regularity may be relevant when assessing infant behavior, and may be applied in systematic prevention trials for families with infants. The inclusion of concepts related to individual differences in response tendencies and regulatory efforts may broaden the understanding of parent—infant transactions, and thus enrich prevention and sensitizing interventions with the aim of assisting infants’ development.
Management of Patients With High Baseline Hip Fracture Risk by FRAX Reduces Hip Fractures—A Post Hoc Analysis of the SCOOP Study
Authors: McCloskey Eugene , Johansson Helena , Harvey Nicholas C , Shepstone Lee , Lenaghan Elizabeth , Fordham Ric , Harvey Ian , Howe Amanda , Cooper Cyrus , Clarke Shane , Gittoes Neil , Heawood Alison , Holland Richard , Marshall Tarnya , O'Neill Terence W , Peters Tim J , Redmond Niamh , Torgerson David , Kanis John A ,   the SCOOP Study Team
Published: February 2018

The Screening for Osteoporosis in Older Women for the Prevention of Fracture (SCOOP) study was a community-based screening intervention in women aged 70 to 85 years in the United Kingdom. In the screening arm, licensed osteoporosis treatments were recommended in women identified to be at high risk of hip fracture using the FRAX risk assessment tool (including bone mineral density measurement). In the control arm, standard care was provided. Screening led to a 28% reduction in hip fractures over 5 years. In this planned post hoc analysis, we wished to examine for interactions between screening effectiveness on fracture outcome (any, osteoporotic, and hip fractures) on the one hand and baseline FRAX 10-year probability of hip fracture on the other. All analyses were conducted on an intention-to-treat basis, based on the group to which women were randomized, irrespective of whether screening was completed. Of 12,483 eligible participants, 6233 women were randomized to screening, with treatment recommended in 898 (14.4%). No evidence of an effect or interaction was observed for the outcomes of any fracture or osteoporotic fracture. In the screening arm, 54 fewer hip fractures were observed than in the control arm (164 versus 218, 2.6% versus 3.5%), and commensurate with treatment being targeted to those at highest hip fracture risk, the effect on hip fracture increased with baseline FRAX hip fracture probability (p = 0.021 for interaction); for example, at the 10th percentile of baseline FRAX hip probability (2.6%), there was no evidence that hip fractures were reduced (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71 to 1.23), but at the 90th percentile (16.6%), there was a 33% reduction (HR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.84). Prior fracture and parental history of hip fracture positively influenced screening effectiveness on hip fracture risk. We conclude that women at high risk of hip fracture based on FRAX probability are responsive to appropriate osteoporosis management. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ascorbic acid—A black hole of urine chemistry screening
Authors: Unic Adriana , Nikolac Gabaj Nora , Miler Marijana , Culej Jelena , Lisac Adrijana , Horvat Anita , Vrkic Nada
Published: February 2018

Background

Study was performed in order: (i) to assess the comparability of glucose, bilirubin, hemoglobin, leukocyte esterase, and protein; (ii) to assess accuracy of glucose, bilirubin, hemoglobin, leukocyte esterase, and protein; and (iii) to evaluate interference of ascorbic acid on the glucose, bilirubin, hemoglobin, and nitrite determination using 2 different dipsticks: iChem Velocity, Iris Diagnostics and Combur‐10M, Roche Diagnostics.

Methods

Random urine specimens were included in the study. Comparability, accuracy, and ascorbic acid interference testing were performed.

Results

Obtained results have shown almost perfect agreement for all parameters between 2 dipsticks in samples with negative ascorbic acid. Agreement in samples with positive ascorbic acid was not acceptable for bilirubin, protein, nitrite, and hemoglobin. Accuracy was not acceptable for hemoglobin and leukocyte esterase on both dipsticks. Ascorbic acid interference examination has shown that intensity of interference differs between dipsticks. Ascorbic acid interferes with glucose, hemoglobin, nitrite, and bilirubin at different concentrations causing false‐negative results.

Conclusion

Obtained results indicate that it is necessary to determine diagnostic accuracy of used dipstick in order to define purpose of urinalysis. It is very important to choose dipstick with ascorbic acid indicator and to examine ascorbic acid impact on dipstick analytes independently of manufacturer claims.