bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphene oxide-based random access memory: from mechanism, optimization to application
Authors: Xie Yu , Qi Meng , Xiu Xiaoming , Yang Jiadong , Ren Yanyun
Published: November 2022

According to Moore’s Law’s development law, traditional floating gate memory is constrained by charge tunneling, and its size is approaching the physical limit, which is insufficient to meet the requirements of large data storage. The introduction of new information storage devices may be the key to overcoming the bottleneck. Resistive random access memory (RRAM) has garnered interest due to its fast switching speed, low power consumption, and high integration density. The resistive switching (RS) behaviors can be demonstrated in many materials, including transition metal oxides, perovskite oxides and organic matter, etc. Among these materials, graphene oxide (GO) with its unique physical, chemical properties and excellent mechanical properties is attracting significant attention for use in RRAM owing to its RS operation and potential for integration with other graphene-based electronics. However, there is unacceptable variability in RS reliability, including retention and endurance, which is the key factor that affects the development of memristors. In addition, the RS mechanism of GO-based RRAM has not been systematically discussed. In this article, we discuss systematically several typical models of the switching mechanism of GO-based RRAM and a summary of methods for improving the device’s RS performance. This article concludes by discussing the applications of GO-RRAM in artificial neural networks, flexible devices, and biological monitoring.
Structural, electronic and optical properties of monolayer InGeX3 (X = S, Se, Te) by first-principles calculations
Authors: Hu Xuemin , Feng Zheng , Yuan Shaoyang , Huang Yong , Zhang Gang
Published: November 2022

Recently, two-dimensional materials have attracted enormous attentions for electronic and optoelectronic applications owing to their unique surface structures and excellent physicochemical properties. Herein, the structural, electronic and optical properties of a series of novel monolayer InGeX3 (X = S, Se, Te) materials are investigated systematically by means of comprehensive first-principles calculations. All these three materials exhibit hexagonal symmetries and dynamical stabilities with no imaginary phonon mode. For monolayer InGeX3 (X = S, Se, Te), there exist obvious In–X ionic bonds and the partially covalent interactions of Ge–Ge and Ge–X. By using the HSE06 method, the band gaps of monolayer InGeX3 are predicted to 2.61, 2.24 and 1.80 eV, respectively. Meanwhile, the p-s orbital hybridizations are happened between X and In atoms in the conduction band regions and their interactions become smaller with the increase of X atomic number. In addition, the dielectric function, absorption coefficient and reflectivity spectra of monolayer InGeS3, InGeSe3 and InGeTe3 show the strong optical peaks along the in-plane direction in the UV light region. The definite bandgaps and optical properties make monolayer InGeX3 (X = S, Se, Te) materials viable candidates for future electronic and optoelectronic applications.
The research on improving the spatial resolution of radiant optical fiber temperature sensor
Authors: Yang Yu , Niu Yanxiong , Wang Botao , Liang Tao , Ding Ming
Published: November 2022

A method to improve the spatial resolution of the radiant optical fiber temperature sensor is proposed in this paper. The front lens of the sensor is designed to limit the diameter of the thermometry target. In order to avoid limiting the influence of the thermometry target diameter on the sensor radiation-light coupling ability, a mathematical model of the radiation-light coupling of the sensor is established, and the relationship between the radiation-light coupling ability of the sensor and the diameter of the thermometry target is analyzed. Furthermore, an aspheric lens is applied to reduce the influence of aberration on the diameter of the thermometry target. The experimental results show that the deviation between the actual temperature measuring target diameter and the theoretical design value is less than 0.2 mm. The radiation received by the sensor outside the temperature measuring target is less than 10% of its total received radiation. Moreover, when there is radiated light interference outside the temperature measurement target, the temperature measurement error of the sensor is only 0.21%–2.61%, indicating that the proposed method has practical significance in improving the spatial resolution of the temperature measurement.
Spatially discretised compensation method for coordinate transformation in large-scale metrology under nonuniform temperature field
Authors: Luo Wenxu , Yu Cijun , Wang Qing , Zhao Anan , Ke Yinglin
Published: November 2022

Temperature-variation-induced error compensation plays a pivotal role in large-scale metrology, in which the nonuniform temperature field would greatly influence the coordinate transformation process between different systems. This paper proposes a novel analytical thermal deformation compensation method with spatial discretisation modelling among 2D distributed enhanced reference system points to reduce the thermal influence on the coordinate transformation process. First, the analytical thermal deformation model based on the spatial discretisation is established with the plane thermal elastic mechanics and the Finite Difference Method. Then the nonuniform temperature field model is developed based on Ordinary Kriging spatial interpolation. Finally, a compensation method for the coordinate transformation process is proposed based on the actual measurement data and the proposed thermal deformation model. The experimental results illustrate the existence and significance of the nonuniform feature of the temperature field. By the proposed compensation method, the coordinate transformation error is reduced by 47.13% and 76.67% in the x and y directions, respectively. The method is applicable to diminish the influence of thermal deformation under a nonuniform temperature field on the coordinate transformation of large-scale metrology.
Strain-regulated electronic properties of helical polymer with phenylacetylene monomers—a first principle study
Authors: Jiang Yingjie , Wei Xiaoding
Published: November 2022

Helical polymers, a class of organic polymers with a unique spring-like structure, possess interesting electronic configurations and axial quantum transport properties thanks to the tunable interlayer electronic interaction by strain engineering. In this report, we carried out first-principle calculations to investigate the electronic structures and transport properties of the helical polymer with phenylacetylene monomers under compressive strains. The band structures of the material show a remarkable semiconductor-to-metal phase transition and enhanced electronic dispersion caused by the great interlayer coupling when subjected to an increasing compressive strain. During compression, the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum gradually move closer to the Fermi level and eventually pass through the Fermi surface. Moreover, under large strains, a notable overlap between interlayer electron clouds makes an effective channel for the axial electron transmission, explaining the greatly improved charge transport properties. This improvement is mainly due to the formation of the interlayer transmission channels through σ bonds. Our findings on the strain-regulated electronic properties of helical polymers suggest there are great potential applications of these materials in high-performance sensors and flexible electronic devices.
A simple and fast method for the fabrication of p-type β-Ga2O3 by electrochemical oxidation method with DFT interpretation
Authors: Deng Zu-Yin , Kumar Utkarsh , Ke Chia-Hsin , Lin Chin-Wei , Huang Wen-Min , Wu Chiu-Hsien
Published: November 2022

In this work, a simple electrochemical oxidation method has been used to prepare p-type β-Ga2O3 nanoparticles. This method overcomes the problem of doping high energy gap semiconductors to form p-type. The electron holes of β-Ga2O3 were caused by oxygen vacancy (Vo) and showed the shorter lattice constant and preferred orientation in XRD analysis. The peak area of oxygen vacancy also reflects a higher ratio than n-type Ga2O3 in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption of reducing gas (CO, CH4, and H2 ) enhanced the resistance of the β-Ga2O3 confirming the p-type character of NPs. The DFT calculations showed that oxygen vacancy leads to higher energy of the Fermi level and is near the valence band. The binding energy of Ga2O3 and after interaction with gas molecular was also calculated which is analogous to our experimental data.
Residual stress, strain and defects: its effect on the band gap of poly-Ge thin film realized on glass via Au induced layer exchange crystallization process
Authors: Singh Ch Kishan , Mathews T , Dhara Sandip
Published: November 2022

Residual stress in polycrystalline-Ge thin film realized on glass substrate using Au-induced layer exchange crystallization process is evaluated using x-ray diffraction based technique. The measured stress is found to be tensile in nature, from which we delineate and discuss the extrinsic thermal and intrinsic growth stresses. An in-plane biaxial tensile strain ∼0.15% was estimated to be endured by the polycrystalline-Ge thin film. The narrowing effect that such strain and the crystallization or growth-related defects have on the optical energy band gap of the polycrystalline-Ge thin film is elucidated.
Accelerating phase prediction of refractory high entropy alloys via machine learning
Authors: Qu Nan , Zhang Yan , Liu Yong , Liao Mingqing , Han Tianyi , Yang Danni , Lai Zhonghong , Zhu Jingchuan , Yu Liang
Published: November 2022

The unique high-temperature properties of refractory high entropy alloys (HEAs) are mainly depended on their phase formation. Therefore, a new approach to predict the phase formation has to be proposed, in order to accelerate the development of refractory HEAs. Here, we use machine learning to build classifiers to predict the phase formation in refractory HEAs. Our dataset containing 271 data only consists of as-cast refractory HEAs data. We simplify the input parameters to element content, and refine the phase formation outputs into five classes. Decision tree has been employed to build our phase classifier, due to its great advantages in solving classification problem. Both training and test accuracy of phase formation prediction achieve 90% using our classifier. The five single phase prediction accuracies are above 97%. Our phase classifier performs effectively in multi-phases classification and prediction of refractory HEAs, and establishes a direct relation between compositions and refractory phase formation.
Study of pressure induced physical variations in the electronic and optical properties of MgA2Te4 (A = Sc, Y)
Authors: Ali Liaqat , Neffati R , Muhammad Anees , Ullah Mohib , Ashraf Muhammad Waqar , Haneef Muhammad , Murtaza G
Published: November 2022

In this work, the electrical, and optical properties are investigated for MgSc2Te4 and MgY2Te4 spinel compounds under the effect of pressure up to 15 and 30 GPa, respectively. These compounds are suitable for optoelectronics and photovoltaic applications. Trans-Blaha modified Becke Johnson (TB-mBJ) approximation exchange and correlation functionals were used to uncover electronic and optical properties. The electronic band gaps of both compounds appear to be direct despite the effect of pressure. MgSc2Te4 exhibits metallic behavior at 15 GPa, while MgY2Te4 exhibits metallic behavior at 30 GPa. Density of states spectra used to identify the atomic contribution of states by ions in the bands. Real part of the dielectric function, optical reflectivity and refractive index upshifted with the increase in energy while the imaginary parts of the dielectric function, optical conductivity and absorption coefficient red-shifted with the increase of hydrostatic pressure.
A generalized nonlinear fifth-order KdV-type equation with multiple soliton solutions: Painlevé analysis and Hirota Bilinear technique
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Mohan Brij
Published: November 2022

In present work, we formulate a new generalized nonlinear KdV-type equation of fifth-order using the recursion operator. This equation generalizes the Sawada-Kotera equation and the Lax equation that study the vibrations in mechanical engineering, nonlinear waves in shallow water, and other sciences. To determine the integrability, we use Painlevé analysis and construct solutions for multiple solitons by employing the Hirota bilinear technique to the established equation. It produces a bilinear form for the driven equation and utilizes the Lagrange interpolation to create a dependent variable transformation. We construct the solutions for multiple solitons and show the graphics for these built solutions. The mathematical software program Mathematica employs symbolic computation to obtain the multiple solitons and various dynamical behavior of the solutions for newly generated equation The Sawada-Kotera equation and Lax equation have various applications in mechanical engineering, plasma physics, nonlinear water waves, soliton theory, mathematical physics, and other nonlinear fields.
Conventional photon blockade in a four-wave mixing system with Kerr nonlinearity
Authors: Wang Zhu-Xin , Yang Hui , Wang Xiao-Qian , Lin Hong-Yu , Yao Zhi-Hai
Published: November 2022

We investigate conventional photon blockade in a non-degenerate four wave mixing system with Kerr non-linearity. By analyzing the Hamiltonian of the system, we have acquired the corresponding condition to implement photon anti-bunching effect. And we solve the master equation with the purpose of obtaining solutions numerically. We find that the analytic conditions could be consistent with numerical results, and photon blockade could be realized in this system. Furthermore, we discuss the effect of several parameters on the realization of conventional photon blockade in detail. The results show that four wave mixing interaction and Kerr non-linearity could significantly enhance the conventional photon blockade effect, whereas the dissipation rate has a negative effect on implementing photon blockade.
General null Lagrangians and their novel role in classical dynamics
Authors: Das R , Musielak Z E
Published: November 2022

A method for constructing general null Lagrangians and their higher harmonics is presented for dynamical systems with one degree of freedom. It is shown that these Lagrangians can be used to obtain non-standard Lagrangians, which give equations of motion for the law of inertia and some dissipative dynamical systems. The necessary condition for deriving equations of motion by using null Lagrangians is presented, and it is demonstrated that this condition plays the same role for null Lagrangians as the Euler–Lagrange equation plays for standard and non-standard Lagrangians. The obtained results and their applications establish a novel role of null Lagrangians in classical dynamics.
CASA on the Fringe—Development of VLBI Processing Capabilities for CASA
Authors: van Bemmel Ilse M. , Kettenis Mark , Small Des , Janssen Michael , Moellenbrock George A. , Petry Dirk , Goddi Ciriaco , Linford Justin D. , Rygl Kazi L. J. , Liuzzo Elisabetta , Marcote Benito , Bayandina Olga S. , Schweighart Neal , Verkouter Marjolein , Keimpema Aard , Szomoru Arpad , van Langevelde Huib Jan
Published: November 2022

New functionality to process Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) data has been implemented in the CASA package. This includes two new tasks to handle fringe fitting and VLBI-specific amplitude calibration steps. Existing tasks have been adjusted to handle VLBI visibility data and calibration meta-data properly. With these updates, it is now possible to process VLBI continuum and spectral line observations in CASA. This article describes the development and implementation, and presents an outline for the workflow when calibrating European VLBI Network or Very Long Baseline Array data in CASA. Though the CASA VLBI functionality has already been vetted extensively as part of the Event Horizon Telescope data processing, in this paper we compare results for the same data set processed in CASA and AIPS. We find identical results for the two packages and conclude that CASA in some cases performs better, though it cannot match AIPS for single-core processing time. The new functionality in CASA allows for easy development of pipelines or Jupyter notebooks, and thus contributes to raising VLBI data processing to present day standards for accessibility, reproducibility, and reusability.
MRASleepNet: a multi-resolution attention network for sleep stage classification using single-channel EEG
Authors: Yu Rui , Zhou Zhuhuang , Wu Shuicai , Gao Xiaorong , Bin Guangyu
Published: November 2022

Objective. Computerized classification of sleep stages based on single-lead electroencephalography (EEG) signals is important, but still challenging. In this paper, we proposed a deep neural network called MRASleepNet for automatic sleep stage classification using single-channel EEG signals. Approach. The proposed MRASleepNet model consisted of a feature extraction (FE) module, a multi-resolution attention (MRA) module, and a gated multilayer perceptron (gMLP) module, as well as a direct pathway for computing statistical features. The FE, MRA, and gMLP modules were used to extract features, establish feature attention, and obtain temporal relationships between features, respectively. EEG signals were normalized and cut into 30 s segments, and enhanced by incorporating contextual information from adjacent data segments. After data enhancement, the 40 s data segments were input to the MRASleepNet model. The model was evaluated on the SleepEDF and the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) databases, using such metrics as the accuracy, Kappa, and macro-F1 (MF1). Main results. For the SleepEDF-20 database, the proposed model had an accuracy of 84.5%, an MF1 of 0.789, and a Kappa of 0.786. For the SleepEDF-78 database, the model had an accuracy of 81.4%, an MF1 of 0.754, and a Kappa of 0.743. For the CAP database, the model had an accuracy of 74.3%, an MF1 of 0.656, and a Kappa of 0.652. The proposed model achieved satisfactory performance in automatic sleep stage classification tasks. Significance. The time- and frequency-domain features extracted by the FE module and filtered by the MRA module, together with the temporal features extracted by the gMLP module and the statistical features extracted by the statistical highway, enabled the proposed model to obtain a satisfying performance in sleep staging. The proposed MRASleepNet model may be used as a new deep learning method for automatic sleep stage classification. The code of MRASleepNet will be made available publicly on https://github.com/YuRui8879/.
Elemental analysis of aircraft engine smoke number filter samples with micro-PIXE
Authors: Saitoh K. , Fushimi A. , Matsuyama S. , Miwa M. , Toyama S. , Kikuchi Y. , Durdina L. , Anet J.G. , Edebeli J. , Spirig C. , Takegawa N.
Published: November 2022

To extract information on elemental components and PM characteristics from smoke number (SN) filter paper, we were performed elemental analysis by micro-PIXE. As a result of elemental analysis of the SN filter, information on the elemental composition of jet engine exhaust PM was obtained. Regarding the SN filter, jet engine exhaust PM have been collected for each difference in engine thrust of various aircraft engines at aircraft turbine engines test cells around the world. By periodically analyzing the elemental composition of such the SN filter, it is possible to grasp the characteristics of the emission PM of each aircraft engine and the transformation of the elemental composition of the emission PM with the passage of time of the jet engine. This was thought to lead to the evaluation of jet engine.
MeV-proton capillary microbeam PIXE mapping study of solution diffusion in paper
Authors: Wongke S , Yu L D , Tippawan U
Published: November 2022

A tapered glass capillary MeV-ion microbeam setup, previously home-developed, was recently upgraded. To check the upgraded microbeam system quality and accuracy, microbeam particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) mapping of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution diffusion in filter paper was carried out to study how the measured solvent diffusion followed the diffusion laws. Two initial boundary conditions and diffusion situations were applied: (1) the paper vertically placed in air with one end soaked in the solution for ten minutes, and (2) the paper horizontally placed on water with the solution dropped at a side of the paper for three minutes. 2-MeV-proton microbeam PIXE analyzed the paper pixel by pixel and the GUPIXWIN software was used to calculate the elemental concentrations in the pixels to map the concentration changes in the pixels as a function of the distance between the pixel position and the origin of the solution. The resulting maps demonstrated the solution diffusions in two cases indeed well following the diffusion laws, a steady-state diffusion dominated process where the elemental concentration was a linear function with the distance but joined by other non-diffusion factors for case 1, and a pure diffusion process where the elemental concentration was an error function with the distance for case 2.
Automated total micro-IBA using Advanced Image Processing and Machine Learning
Authors: Solis-Lerma D , Khodja H
Published: November 2022

We have developed a Python code that aims at automatizing the analysis of generic micro-IBA data by associating statistical methods and machine learning algorithms. The code is organized in two parts: hyperspectral image analysis and composition prediction. In the first stage, main phases and local anomalies are detected separately using PCA and DWEST methods, respectively. In the prediction stage, we use the model generated by a trained artificial neural network. The network is fed with simulated particle and x-ray spectra generated from the SIMNRA and Gulys software codes. For particle spectra, we paid particular attention to the cross section selection that goes beyond already implemented SIMNRA functionalities. To limit the impact of the simulation time on the overall code performance, we make use of data augmentation. When using simulated data as input, we found that the trained neural network predicts stoichiometries and thicknesses with an excellent agreement, even for complex targets composed of several elements and layers. Regarding realistic experimental data, we still get reasonable predictions but remain dependant of cross section quality. The code can combine data from RBS, NRA, ERDA and PIXE and should pave the way for fully automatized micro-ion beam analysis.
Identification and determination of the relationship between elemental compounds of hair and fingernail by PIXE technique in Hamadan urban community, Iran
Authors: Gholami Hatam Ebrahim
Published: November 2022

The measurement of trace elements in nails and hairs has advantages relative to other body tissues and they have been increasingly used in forensic and clinical toxicology as a complementary test. Complementary hair and nail analysis can indicate the amount of elements in the body for long periods of time. In this study, hair and nail samples were collected from the city of Hamedan and the quantitative elemental concentration of samples was measured by PIXE technique. In hair samples of females, P had a significant difference with Cr and Ni, and a moderate difference with Co. The average amounts of Si, K, Cl, Al and Ca of hair samples in athletes were higher than normal people, in turn higher than addicted group. Ca content had a moderate difference between athlete and addicted groups. There was a weak difference between P-Ni and P-Co only for age ranges of 30-40 year. In female nail samples, P had a significant difference with Ca, Cr and Al. The existence of the meaningful difference in the Ca ratio in hair to nail samples can be used as a biomarker in forensic medicine.
PIXE studies of normal and SIV-infected rhesus macaque tissues: investigations of particulate matter
Authors: Whitlow H J , Henderson N , Greco R , Deoli N , Smith K M , Morgan K , Villinger F
Published: November 2022

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies [1] of the evolution of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) (the monkey analogue of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) have revealed that the SIV is localised in different organs at different stages of the infection. Promising routes to completely eradicate the HIV virus particles involve therapies that target the infection at the cellular level. Our previousμ-Particle Induced X-ray Emission (μ-PIXE) studies revealed very large variations in the contents of heavy minor and trace elements in the jejunum of control and SIV-infected subjects. These variations could be caused by factors such as the histological preparation and particles in chyme. The present work investigates particulate matter observed in the tissue sections in both the control and virus-infected subjects that dominated the variations in the mean elemental content determined byμ-PIXE. Detailed study of the PIXE data suggested the particles with size of 10’s ofμm were likely to be made up of agglomerated nano-particles. The measured composition of the particles was consistent with natural calcified particles in the brain (acervuli or “Brain sand”), tattoo ink in a mesenteric lymph node and silica in the liver.
Linear energy transfer (LET) spectroscopy and relative biological effect estimation by SiC-based dosimeter at clinical carbon-beam cancer therapy field
Authors: Yamaguchi Kohei , Yanagisawa Rio , Osaki Kohei , Ohki Yuya , Matsumura Akihiko , Sakai Makoto , Makino Takahiro , Ohshima Takeshi , Kada Wataru
Published: November 2022

A radiation-tolerant silicon carbide (SiC) based dosimeter was developed for the measurement of linear energy transfer (LET) distributions along the Bragg curve for pristine and spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) clinical carbon beam. Since the conventional ionized chamber is not suitable and effective for LET measurement, several energy-dispersive dosimeters are being developed and tested in the clinical field. While most of the detector lacks radiation hardness against carbon beam, we have utilized wide-bandgap semiconductors of SiC with different epitaxial layers from 25, 69, and 170 μm as a dosimeter for the clinical carbon field at Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center (GHMC). LET spectra were obtained not only for pristine carbon beams with an energy of 290 MeV/n but also SOBP conditions. It was confirmed through the changes in LET distribution, primally carbons and fragments are identified, and those energy depositions are successfully obtained by the fabricated SiC dosimeter. The distribution of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) was estimated from LET through biological estimation models. Results suggested that SiC-based dosimeter is successful in being utilized in the detailed characterization of the clinical carbon therapy field.
The prototyping of a high-resolution neutron activation analysis system – based on a Pelletron accelerator and fast pneumatic sample-transport
Authors: Frost R J W , Elfman M , Kristiansson P , Lindsey-Clark J , Maurer C , Pallon J , Pédehontaa-Hiaa G
Published: November 2022

A new neutron activation analysis system is currently being designed at Lund University. The design incorporates a compact accelerator driven neutron source, based on a 3 MV Pelletron accelerator and a pneumatic sample conveyor to transport samples from the neutron source to a measurement station consisting of an array of high-purity Ge γ-ray detectors. A prototype for this new station is currently in operation, with a Genie 16 SODERN neutron generator used in place of the compact accelerator driven neutron source. Preliminary results from the prototype system are presented, alongside qualitative analysis supported by simulations performed in FISPACT-II. The system has been tested with the measurements of Al and In foils, using a PLA sample holder. The results demonstrate that activation products with half-lives of as little as 2 s can be measured. γ-rays from the 2 s isomer, 116n
In are clearly observed providing the irradiation and measurement times are appropriately chosen.
Hydrogen Concentration and Mechanical Dissipation upon Annealing in Zirconia-doped Tantala Thin Films for Gravitational Wave Observatory Mirrors
Authors: Lussier A.W. , Lalande É. , Chicoine M. , Lévesque C. , Roorda S. , Baloukas B. , Martinu L. , Vajente G. , Ananyeva A. , Schiettekatte F.
Published: November 2022

Sensitivity in instruments such as the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) is limited by a noise originating from fluctuations linked to internal mechanical dissipation (IMD) in the amorphous thin films of their Bragg reflectors. We investigate the correlation between IMD, characterized by a loss angle, and the hydrogen concentration in a thin film made of Zr-doped tantalum oxide after annealing at different temperatures. The film was deposited by magnetron sputtering and the loss angle measured by gentle nodal suspension. The concentration of heavier elements was obtained by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The hydrogen concentration in the as-deposited and annealed samples was obtained by elastic recoil detection (ERD). We observe that the hydrogen atomic concentration gradually decreases from 2.0 ± 0.1% down to the detection limit at 0.2 ± 0.1% as we anneal to 650°C. We also find that the loss angle decreases by a factor of two over the same annealing temperature range, suggesting that the loss angle is correlated with the hydrogen concentration. However, the loss angle remains relatively high even when most of the hydrogen is desorbed. We conclude that the presence of hydrogen is not the main limiting factor for further reducing the IMD.
Design and analysis of Micro-channelled Quasi D-shape optical Fiber plasmonic Sensor
Authors: Chauhan Maya , Das Sugandha , Singh Vinod K.
Published: November 2022

This study reports on numerical investigation carried out over a newly designed open micro-channel incorporated, side polished single mode fiber (SMF) based plasmonic sensor. The proposed sensor operates on the principle of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon to enhance the sensing performance. The commercially available COMSOL Multiphysics software tool is used to design sensor and finite element method (FEM) is used for numerical investigation. From the detail study, an average sensitivity of 1757 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) is obtained with a nanoscale gold strip for wide range of analyte RIs from 1.33 to 1.38. Result indicates that the fabricated sensor can be effectively used in RI measurement of the various fields involving chemical and biological sensing.
Nanoparticle enhanced femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of aluminum sheet coated with gold nanoparticle embedded nanofibers
Authors: Murthy N Linga , Bharathi M S S , Rao S Venugopal
Published: November 2022

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique in conjunction with nanoparticles improves the sensitivity in the detection of solids like metals, precious gemstones and liquid samples. Femtosecond (fs) LIBS signals can also be enhanced in the presence of nanoparticles. We demonstrated up to two–time enhancement in the fs LIBS spectra of aluminum sheet coated with the gold nanoparticles embedded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers. Gold nanoparticles were fabricated using the fs laser ablation in liquid technique, the mean size of the nanoparticles was 10-15 nm. PVA nanofibers and are loaded Gold nanoparticles were prepared by electrospinning technique. The enhancements were observed in both the atomic and molecular (AlO) emissions. The technique can further be optimized for obtaining signal enhancement in the molecular bands of explosive traces.
Generation of high-frequency pulse train by designing a buried SOI waveguide
Authors: Adhikary Somen , Hemant  , Basu Mousumi
Published: November 2022

Silicon photonics has attracted tremendous research interest in recent times because of its compact size, easy-to-build nature, and high values of nonlinearity. Though the study of pulse interaction inside a planer SOI waveguide is done earlier, the confinement of light should be better in the case of a buried core waveguide. Such a buried rectangular SOI waveguide is designed here, which possesses a small value of group velocity dispersion (β2) ∼2.432 (ps2/m) and a quite high value of nonlinear coefficient (γ) of ∼ 441.19 (W.m)−1. When the propagation of a pair of pulses of lower repetition rate (∼GHz) is investigated through it, we have found that the pulse pair interact with each other as they overlap and generate a high-frequency (∼THz) pulse train. The effect of timing jitter on high-frequency generation is also studied. The study of interactions of pulse pairs inside an SOI waveguide helps us to explore the potential applications of such devices as tunable high frequency (THz) pulse generators and many more.
Investigation on nonlinear optical and optical limiting properties of Cd0.7Zn0.3Te quantum dots
Authors: Kiran John U , Mathew Siby
Published: November 2022

Ternary alloyed Cd0.7Zn0.3Te colloidal quantum dots were synthesized under open atmosphere conditions. The Cd0.7Zn0.3Te quantum dots were characterized under XRD studies, DLS technique and optical absorption measurements. Using tauc and urbach relation the optical energy bandgap and urbach energy were obtained. The intensity depended nonlinear optical parameters of Cd0.7Zn0.3Te quantum dots were determined with Z-scan experimental setup using a green laser source working on continuous wave mode. The nonlinear absorption coefficient β, along with optical limiting capacity of Cd0.7Zn0.3Te quantum dot is investigated through the open aperture set up. The transmittance of Cd0.7Zn0.3Te quantum dot showed a sharp dip at the maximum intensity point of the laser which indicates reverse saturable absorption. The optical limiting threshold value for Cd0.7Zn0.3Te quantum dot was obtained around 4.6 KJ/cm2. The nonlinear refractive index of Cd0.7Zn0.3Te quantum dot is find out using closed aperture set up. The nonlinear refractive index with a negative sign was obtained for the Cd0.7Zn0.3Te quantum dot which is attributed to the self-defocusing phenomena. The nonlinear studies indicate that the sample exhibits good nonlinear properties and find applications in optical limiting materials.
Nonlinear optical properties of polyaniline doped with cardanol based dye
Authors: Jayamohan Lekshmi , Nair Vijayakumar Sadasivan
Published: November 2022

We report the third-order nonlinear optical properties of polyaniline doped with an azo dye synthesized using cardanol. Cardanol, which is distilled from CSNL (Cashew Nut Shell Liquid), is a renewable resource since it is a byproduct of the Cashew nut industry. The linear absorption spectrum of the sample was determined in the wavelength range 100 – 800 nm. FTIR spectroscopic data of undoped and azo dye-doped polyaniline samples were compared. The morphology and structure of the azo dye-doped polyaniline are studied using SEM images and XRD. Nonlinear absorption studies were carried out using the single beam z scan technique. A Q-switched Nd: Yag laser operating at 532 nm wavelength with a pulse width of 7 ns was used as the source of light. The nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear susceptibility were determined to be of the order of 10−11 m/W and 10−11 esu respectively. The results indicate that the material is a good candidate for optoelectronic applications.
Spectroscopic investigation on the photoluminescent traits of Dy3+ activated multicomponent borosilicate glasses for W-LED applications
Authors: Jose Adon , Krishnapriya T , George Jeffin , Baby Akshara , Joseph Cyriac , Biju P R
Published: November 2022

The spectroscopic exploration of Dy3+ activated multicomponent borosilicate (DBS) glasses have been performed via optical absorption, fluorescence measurements, CIE colorimetry analysis and CCT values to investigate their role in the advancement of lighting sector. Oscillator strength values evaluated from the absorbance spectrum were utilized to determine phenomenological Judd-Ofelt (JO) parameters through least square fitting procedure. The fluorescence spectra of DBS glasses under the irradiation of 348 nm epitomize three emission bands which fall in yellow, blue and red region. Various radiative characteristics of the synthesised glass were evaluated by using JO intensity parameters. The color characteristics of DBS glasses were also investigated and the estimated features recommend synthesised glasses for diverse lighting applications.
Effect of substrate temperature and RF power on the structural and optical properties of sputtered ZnO thin films
Authors: Hajara P. , Rose T. Priya , Saji K. J.
Published: November 2022

ZnO thin films have been deposited on glass substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering from a zinc oxide target in order to investigate the effect of RF power and substrate temperature on the properties of the deposited films. The structural and optical properties of the films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV-Vis transmission spectra and photoluminescence (PL). All ZnO thin films exhibited diffraction peak of (002) corresponding to c-axis orientation and the film deposited at 450°C exhibited the larger grain size as a result of stress relaxation. It is observed that the increase in substrate temperature or sputtering power can facilitate the growth of ZnO in (100) and (101) direction. PL emission was obtained at UV and visible region for the excitation wavelengths of 280 nm and 390 nm respectively. PL study indicated that both the crystal quality and stoichiometry can influence the UV PL emission in ZnO thin films. Dependence of temperature and power on transmission spectra was studied and the optical band gap was calculated.
Experimental Research on Idle Combustion Noise of a Diesel Engine
Authors: Xu Zeyu
Published: November 2022

Noise is one of the three major pollutants in the world, among which noise pollution complaints caused by fuel-powered vehicles account for more than 70%. Research on engine combustion noise is aimed at reducing pollution problems caused by it. Based on the Chinese national standard ‘Reciprocating internal combustion engines-Measurement method for combustion noise’, an experimental study on combustion noise of a certain type of diesel engine under idling conditions was carried out. In the test, by changing the calibration values of the engine, such as: pre-injection mass, rail pressure and other calibration parameters, the cylinder pressure at idle speed of the engine is calculated based on the theory of cylinder force. It is concluded that when the rotational speed is 750r/min, the increase of the pre-injection amount and the rail pressure leads to an increase in the mean value of the combustion parameters of each cylinder force stage and is concentrated in the high frequency part. This study provides a reference for optimizing the idling noise of diesel engines, which is conducive to reducing noise pollution in life.
Review of Key Technologies of mobile energy storage vehicle participating in distribution network dispatching under the high proportion of renewable energy access
Authors: Li Wenpei , Xiang Bin , Xiong Hu , Li Jiayuan , Yang Fan
Published: November 2022

With modern society’s increasing reliance on electric energy, rapid growth in demand for electricity, and the increasingly high requirements for power supply quality, sudden power outages are bound to cause damage to people’s regular order of life and the normal functioning of society. Currently, the commonly used emergency power protection equipment is mainly based on diesel generator sets, while there is also flywheel energy storage equipment in the application of emergency power protection. In today’s society, we strongly advocate green, energy-saving, and emission reduction background, and the demand for new mobile power supply systems becomes very urgent. Mobile energy storage vehicles can not only charge and discharge, but they can also facilitate more proactive distribution network planning and dispatching by moving around. The basic model and typical application scenarios of a mobile power supply system with battery energy storage as the platform are introduced, and the input process and key technologies of mobile energy storage devices under different operation modes are elaborated to provide strong support for further input and reasonable dispatch of mobile energy storage vehicles.
The Phase Selection of Three-phase Arc Fault Based on Improved TCN-LSTM
Authors: Zhao Liang , Yu Qiongfang
Published: November 2022

According to the increasingly severe situation of electricity safety. Aiming at the difficulty in extracting arc fault features in low-voltage three-phase systems and the inconspicuous phase distinction, a three-phase arc fault phase selection method based on improved LSTM-TCN neural network is proposed. Firstly, the structure and activation function of Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) and Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) are improved according to the experimental data. Finally, the feature vectors obtained by the improved LSTM and the improved TCN are fused to determine the arc fault and the difference. The experimental results show that the model structure proposed in this paper can effectively extract the characteristics of three-phase arc faults and phases. It is of great significance to industrial and household electrical safety.
Bioactive Silvadur loaded polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membranes for wound dressing applications
Authors: Ayaz Maira , Salam Abdul , Khan Saif Ullah , Khan Muhammad Qamar , Hussain Tanveer , Kim Ick Soo
Published: November 2022

Persistent wounds are the most problematic for the patient as well as for the health system. Skin wounds are most exposed to bacterial attacks, which not only cause wound infections but also slow down the healing process. There is a dire need to develop a better wound dressing or scaffold material that can increase the wound healing process. This study involves the development of electrospun nanofibers based on Silvadur-loaded polyacrylonitrile membranes. Samples were developed by using five different concentrations (2 wt%, 4 wt%, 6 wt%, 8 wt%, and 10 wt%) of Silvadur loaded in PAN solution. Resultant nanofibers were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and antibacterial tests. SEM analysis confirms that all the prepared electrospun nanofibrous membranes have smooth and beads-free surfaces. The average diameter of developed nanofibers lies in the range of 150 nm to 190 nm. It was confirmed that as the concentration of Silvadur increased the diameter of nanofibers also increased due to the increase in the viscosity of the electrospinning solution. FTIR interpretation confirms that the interaction between the PAN and Silvadur is physical, not chemical. XRD analysis reflects the crystallographic and macromolecular structure of prepared electrospun nanofibers. A qualitative antibacterial test was performed to check the antibacterial properties of prepared electrospun nanofibers against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia Coli) and gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus Aureus). The result reveals that nanofibers loaded with the maximum concentration of Silvadur show the maximum antibacterial activity of 92.25% against Escherichia Coli and 98.52% against Staphylococcus Aureus. The higher antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria is due to the thinner cell wall as compared to the gram-positive bacteria.
Single-stage augmented fluoroscopic bronchoscopy localization and thoracoscopic resection of small pulmonary nodules in a hybrid operating room
Authors: Yang Shun-Mao , Chung Wen-Yuan , Ko Hang-Jang , Chen Lun-Che , Chang Ling-Kai , Chang Hao-Chun , Kuo Shuenn-Wen , Ho Ming-Chih
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVES

Hybrid operating rooms (HOR) have been increasingly used for image-guided lung surgery, and most surgical teams have used percutaneous localization for small pulmonary nodules. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of augmented fluoroscopic bronchoscopy localization under endotracheal tube intubation general anaesthesia followed by thoracoscopic surgery as a single-stage procedure in ab HOR.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of patients who underwent single-stage augmented fluoroscopic bronchoscopy localization under general anaesthesia followed by thoracoscopic surgery in an HOR between August 2020 and March 2022.

RESULTS

Single-stage localization and resection were performed for 85 nodules in 74 patients. The median nodule size was 8 mm [interquartile range (IQR), 6–9 mm], and the median distance from the pleural space was 10.9 mm (IQR, 8–20 mm). All nodules were identifiable on cone-beam computed tomography images and marked transbronchially with indigo carmine dye (median markers per lesion: 3); microcoils were placed for deep margins in 16 patients. The median localization time was 30 min (IQR 23–42 min), and the median fluoroscopy duration was 3.3 min (IQR 2.2–5.3 min). The median radiation exposure (expressed as the dose area product) was 4303.6 μGym2 (IQR 2879.5–6268.7 μGym2). All nodules were successfully marked and resected, and the median global operating room time was 178.5 min (IQR 153.5–204 min). There were no localization-related complications, and the median length of postoperative stay was 1 day (IQR, 1–2 days).

CONCLUSIONS

Single-stage augmented fluoroscopic bronchoscopy localization under general anaesthesia followed by thoracoscopic surgery was feasible and safe.
Childhood adversity and cardiovascular disease in early adulthood: a Danish cohort study
Authors: Bengtsson Jessica , Elsenburg Leonie K , Andersen Gregers Stig , Larsen Mogens Lytken , Rieckmann Andreas , Rod Naja Hulvej
Published: November 2022

Aims

To examine the effect of childhood adversity on the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) between ages 16 and 38, specifically focusing on ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease.

Methods and results

Register data on all children born in Denmark between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 2001, who were alive and resident in Denmark without a diagnosis of CVD or congenital heart disease until age 16 were used, totalling 1 263 013 individuals. Cox proportional hazards and Aalen additive hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and adjusted hazard differences of CVD from ages 16 to 38 in five trajectory groups of adversity experienced between ages 0 and 15. In total, 4118 individuals developed CVD between their 16th birthday and 31 December 2018. Compared with those who experienced low levels of adversity, those who experienced severe somatic illness and death in the family (men: adjusted HR: 1.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–1.8, women: 1.4, 1.2–1.6) and those who experienced very high rates of adversity across childhood and adolescence (men: 1.6, 1.3–2.0, women: 1.6, 1.3–2.0) had a higher risk of developing CVD, corresponding to 10–18 extra cases of CVD per 100 000 person-years in these groups.

Conclusions

Individuals who have been exposed to childhood adversity are at higher risk of developing CVD in young adulthood compared to individuals with low adversity exposure. These findings suggest that interventions targeting the social origins of adversity and providing support for affected families may have long-term cardio-protective effects.