bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training Technologies. Science, Gender and Dogs in the Age of Positive Dog Training.
Authors: Gabrielsen Ane Møller
Published: August 2017

The practices of dog training influence the lives of numerous dogs and dog owners, but have not received much academic attention in terms of empirical studies. Both humans and dogs are shaped through these practices, but as the conditions are partly determined by already established networks, it is not simply a matter of the trainer’s personal choice. In order to explore the entanglements of technology, gender, humans, and dogs in dog training practices, this article applies a material semiotic perspective inspired by John Law and Donna Haraway. Taking the changes towards "positive training" and the technology of clicker training as its point of departure, the article explores the emergence and effects of different training practices and the networks that provide their conditions.
Does surgical delay for radical prostatectomy affect patient pathological outcome? A retrospective analysis from a Canadian cohort
Authors: Zanaty Marc , Alnazari Mansour , Lawson Kelsey , Azizi Mounsif , Rajih Emad , Alenizi Abdullah , Hueber Pierre-Alain , Meskawi Malek , Lebacle Cedric , Lebeau Thierry , Benayoun Serge , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , El-Hakim Assaad , Zorn Kevin C.
Published: August 2017

Introduction: We sought to assess the impact of surgical wait time (SWT) to robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) on final pathological outcome.Methods: A retrospective review of RARP patient records operated between 2006 and 2015 was conducted. SWT was defined as period from prostate biopsy to surgery. Primary outcome was the impact on postoperative Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA-S) score. Patients were stratified according to D’Amico risk categories. Univariate analysis (UVA) and multivariable (MVA) analysis with a generalized linear model was used to evaluate the effect of SWT and other predictive factors on pathological outcome in individual risk group and on the overall sample.Results: A total of 835 patients were eligible for analysis. Mean SWT was significantly different between the three D’Amico groups, with mean SWT of 180.22 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 169.03; 191.41), 159.14 days (95% CI 152.38; 165.90), and 138.96 days (95% CI 124.60; 153.33) for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively (p<0.001). After stratification by D’Amico riskgroup, no significant association was observed between SWT and CAPRA-S score in the three risk categories on UVA and MVA. Predictors of higher CAPRA-S score in the multivariable model in the overall cohort were: older age (p=0.014), biopsy Gleason score (p<0.001), percentage of positive cores (p<0.001), and clinical stage (p<0.001).Conclusions: In the present study evaluating SWT for RARP in a Canadian socialized system, increased delay for surgery does not appear to impact the pathological outcome. Further studies are required to evaluate the impact of wait time on biochemical recurrence-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival.
Texter, läsförståelse och läsundervisning i Norge och Sverige - en översikt [VISIONS 2011: Teaching]
Authors: Reichenberg Monica
Published: August 2017

I denna komparativa litteraturöversikt har jag jämfört norsk och svensk läsforskning. Detta mot bakgrund av resultaten i PISA 2009 . Svenska elevers läsförståelse har försämrats avsevärt och de allra svagaste läsarna har ökat i antal. Så är inte fallet i Norge.

Det finns få svenska lässtudier som fokuserat mellanåren och högstadiet. Den svenska forskningen karaktäriseras vidare av den näst intill totala fokuseringen på skönlitterära texter. De norska forskarna har däremot riktat uppmärksamheten mot främst mellanåren och högstadiet, dvs. de år då antalet faktatexter intar en alltmer dominerande roll i skolarbetet och då svårighetsgraden på faktatexterna ökar.

Sverige har ingen institution som motsvarar det norska ”Nasjonalt senter for leseforsking og leseopplæring”. På Lesesenteret har man utarbetat ett om-fattande fortbildningsmaterial, som bygger på kompetensmålen i Kunnskapsløftet. Stora norska satsningar har också gjorts för att översätta läsdidaktisk forskning till skolpraktik. Några motsvarande svenska satsningar där man knutit så mycket forskarkompetens till sig finns inte.
A Comparative Study of Three Key Features in the Design and Practice of Teacher Education in the United States and Norway: Part I. Findings from a Study in the United States [VISIONS 2011: Teacher Education]
Authors: Hammerness Karen Moore
Published: August 2017

This paper draws upon recent research on program features that characterize powerful teacher education. This research suggests that teacher education programs need to promote a clear vision of teachers and teaching; must be coherent, reflecting a shared understanding of teaching and learning among faculty and students; and finally, need to be built around a strong core curriculum deeply tied to teaching practice. However, we know little about whether these features also characterize powerful teacher education programs in other countries. To address that gap, I share research from two studies, one in the United States, and one in Norway (in the linked paper that follows). The studies examined the visions, coherence, and relationship to practice in a range of teacher education programs. This first paper examines the nature and role of vision, coherence and opportunities to learn in three teacher education programs in the United States.
Writing in EFL teachers’ education
Authors: Lund Ragnhild Elisabeth
Published: August 2017

The national guidelines for teachers’ education in Norway state that EFL students should be able to work with two different dimensions of writing in their future classrooms. Learners are expected to develop their writing skills (learn to write), and they should use writing as a tool in the language learning process (write to learn). The teacher students should also be able to demonstrate good writing skills themselves. The guidelines do not, however, specify the kind of work students should do in order to meet these objectives.
Thus, it is up to those who offer EFL courses to interpret the guidelines and decide how students’ work with writing will happen. The present article discusses the decisions that are made at thirteen institutions where English is offered as part of the integrated teacher training program for grades five to ten. My data are the requirements related to writing in local syllabuses, and the obligatory writing assignments that students have been given.
The investigation shows that writing is a central element in the students’ work. However, the required writing functions primarily as a vehicle to ensure proper study progression and to provide a basis for assessment. In this way, it can be said to meet the institutions’ and the course instructors’ needs more than the students’ needs. The article calls for a pedagogy that is geared more towards helping students develop their writing skills and their ability to cater for work with writing in their future classrooms.
Vurdering av andrespråksinnlærere - en utfordring i skolen
Authors: Palm Kirsten , Ryen Else
Published: August 2017

Vurdering av andrespråkselevers språkkompetanse og språkutvikling er en sentral del av læreres arbeid, og forskning har vist at dette er en utfordring for skolene. Det er stor variasjon i vurderingsformer, og skolene mangler ofte vurderingskompetanse. På bakgrunn av dette utarbeidet Utdanningsdirektoratet i 2007 vurderingsverktøyet Kartleggingsmateriell. Språkkompetanse i grunnleggende norsk for språklige minoriteter. Materiellet er utarbeidet blant annet med referanse til Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). I artikkelen redegjør vi for en undersøkelse der målet var å finne ut hvorvidt dette kartleggingsmateriellet er hensiktsmessig for å vurdere andrespråkselevers språkkompetanse.
Hoveddataene er innhentet gjennom kasusstudier ved tre grunnskoler, der vi intervjuet skoleledelse og lærere samt observerte kartleggingssituasjoner og klasseromsundervisning. Kasusstudiene ble senere fulgt opp av to spørreundersøkelser, én til de samme skolene, og én til et større antall skoler for å få bredere innsikt i kartleggingspraksis og skolers oppfatninger av denne formen for vurdering.
Undersøkelsen viser at flere av informantene mener verktøyet kan bidra til mer tilpasset og systematisk andrespråkopplæring og bedre vurdering av andrespråkselevenes språkkompetanse. Samtidig er det utfordringer knyttet til å bruke vurderingsverktøyet, dette skyldes blant annet mangelfull kompetanse i skolen når det gjelder andrespråkstilegnelse og vurdering av elevenes språkkompetanse.
Det er ikke tidligere forsket på bruk av et slikt konkret kartleggingsverktøy i norsk grunnskole. Undersøkelsen kan gi et bidrag til økt kunnskap om vurdering av andrespråkskompetanse og tilpasset undervisning for andrespråksinnlærere.
Difficult contrasts: an analysis of phonemic distinctions in the English of young Norwegian learners seen against the backdrop of incidental foreign language learning
Authors: Rugesæter Kåre Nitter
Published: August 2017

Norwegian children in the 21st century are quite massively exposed to English as an L2, primarily through subtitled television programmes, films and various computer-based activities. The article investigates to what extent this passive exposure influences their basic phonological competence in the L2 by analyzing their ability to actively distinguish between certain phoneme pairs in English which are considered difficult for Norwegian learners, mainly due to interference from the phonemic system in their L1. The data material was collected through 136 recordings of 11-16 year old pupils in ten Norwegian state schools. By comparing the results to similar studies made in Norway 20-35 years ago, at a time when young people's exposure to English was considerably more limited, the article discusses the effects of incidental foreign language acquisition on young people's L2 competence. The discussion is also placed in the light of recent, international research in this field. By critically investigating some of the findings of that research, the article furthermore attempts at problematizing the concept of L2 acquisition by focusing on the distinction between active and passive language competence. The findings indicate that basic L2 phonological competence is in no way automatically enhanced by passive exposure to the language. The article points to the necessity of structured teaching programmes to counterweight the complexity and variations in the L2 input that young people encounter in their media based exposure to the L2.
Nye artikler i 2013
Authors: Hellekjær Glenn Ole
Published: August 2017

Nye artikler i 2013
Wiki-mediated Writing: design, media, writing strategies and feedback in online text production
Authors: Sofkova Hashemi Sylvana
Published: August 2017

Bringing social media arenas, such as wikis, into the classroom invites teaching approaches that engage students in authentic, participatory and creative writing processes. This case study examines the online text production of primary school students in a wiki environment and how the key functionalities for commentary, discussion, logging skills of text and multimodal expression are utilized in practice to develop writing. Exploring the design of assignments and analysing the nature of final texts, writing strategies and feedback reveals an iterative process of writing dominated by strategies of expanding texts with new information and occasional surface editing. The students composed individual narratives on selected themes augmented by drawings, images, speaking avatars and video clips. Feedback was mainly provided by the teachers in the form of encouraging comments and corrective revisions directly in the students’ texts. Peer response was rare, in one project taking the form of discussion posts. Revising indicating increased language awareness was observed among second language learners. Overall, the study demonstrates a tension between instructional design, the affordances of the writing arena and the space for creativity when engaging students in advanced, participatory and reflective composing and revising of texts.
Leder/forord
Authors: Vestli Elin Nesje
Published: August 2017

Leder/forord til temanummer om fremmedspråk
Korpuslingvisten i klasserommet: lingvistiske profiler i fremtidens språkundervisning
Authors: Nesset Tore , Janda Laura A.
Published: August 2017

Den teknologiske utviklingen har gitt informasjonsalderens lingvister tilgang til mye større datamengder enn før. Mens datainnsamling bare for noen få år siden krevde mye tid og arbeid, er data i dag bare noen tastetrykk unna idet vi kan benytte oss av store elektroniske korpus. I denne artikkelen drøfter vi de konsekvensene den teknologiske utviklingen i korpuslingvistikken kan få for fremmedspråkundervisningen ved universiteter og høyskoler frem mot 2030. Vi foreslår at “lingvistiske profiler”, et sett av metoder utviklet i CLEAR-gruppen ved UiT Norges Arktiske Universitet, gjør det mulig å trekke veksler på innsikter fra korpuslingvistikken i fremmedspråkundervisningen. Tre typer lingvistiske profiler vil bli diskutert inngående: konstruksjonsprofiler, grammatiske profiler og radial kategori-profiler. Vi drøfter hvordan disse korpuslingvistiske metodene kan komme til nytte i klasserommet. Våre eksempler er fra russisk, men metodene er like anvendelige for andre språk, og artikkelen er ikke skrevet for eksperter på russisk.
Fellesskap i oppløysing? Differensieringspraksis på 6.trinn
Authors: Auestad Inger
Published: August 2017

Tilpassa opplæring er eit politiske omgrep som i seinare år er løfta fram i utdanningspolitiske styringsdokument og i den pedagogiske retorikken. For å kunna tilby tilpassa opplæring tek lærarane i bruk ulike differensieringsmåtar. Målet med den studien er å få tak i sentrale differensieringsmåtar, analysera og drøfta korleis dei regulerer kven av elevane som får tilgang til kva for eit innhald og fellesskap. Kven som møtest og kva dei er saman om, handlar og om kvalifisering til vidare utdanning og utviklinga av samfunnet.Artikkelen viser at lærarane er opptekne av nivådifferensiering. Utgangspunktet for differensieringa er evnene til elevane. Elevane blir dela inn i to kategoriar: i flinke og svake elevar. Kategoriplasseringa definerer og legitimerer i neste omgang tilgang til fellesskap og innhald i alle teoretiske fag. Nivådifferensieringa trer fram på mange måtar i skulekvardagen, den får organisatoriske uttrykk, verkar saman med dei pedagogiske støttesystema og smyg seg inn som strukturar i samla klasse og deler klasserommet. Differensieringstiltak som på den eine sida skal støtte læringa og gi elevar tilpassa opplæring, fører til tap av meining og færre mulegheiter for deltaking i fellesundervisninga for elevar som blir vurderte til å vera svake. Tiltaka som blir sette i verk for desse elevane verkar saman og forsterkar kvarandre og regulerer deltaking i andre fag og fungerer som ”wires in a birdcage”.Nøkkelord: Tilpassa opplæring, nivå differensiering, deltakarstrukturarAbstractAdapted learning is a core concept on the political educational level and in the rhetoric of pedagogy. Teachers differentiate their teaching to offer adapted learning. The aim of this study is to come to an informed understanding of teachers’ differentiating practices and to analyse and discuss how these practices regulate access to subjects and communities. This regulation has consequences for pupil’s qualifications, further education and for their social development.The article shows that differentiation practices are based on ability. The pupils are divided into two categories, the clever and the weak, and the category defines and legitimizes access to community and content. The differentiating takes many forms during the school day, works together with the pedagogical systems for support while at the same time it divides the classroom. Initiatives that are supposed to support learning and offer the pupils adopted learning lead to loss of meaning and reduced possibilities for participation for pupils that are categorized as weak. Initiatives that are carried out to meet the pupil’s needs reinforce each other and limit participation in other subjects as well. In practice they function like “wires in a birdcage”.   Keywords: Adapted learning, differentiating based on ability, structures of participation
Litteraturarbete i ett svenska som andraspråksklassrum
Authors: Economou Catarina
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article considers the role of reading fiction in Swedish as a second language instruction. The study examines how a group of advanced second language learners in a Swedish upper secondary school read, interpret and discuss a contemporary Swedish novel, how they interact with the text and with each other in relation to the text. Furthermore, it analyses which forms of reading the students use. It is a qualitative, empirical study based on field studies, transcriptions of tape recorded interaction and of written texts. The results indicate that second language learners in this context have a positive attitude towards reading and discussing what they read using several forms of reading. They often compare the content of the text to their own lives. One conclusion is that literature teaching and literature can be integrated into one Swedish subject in order to create even more meaningful interactions between students from different backgrounds. Another is that literature can be a means of language development as well as personal development.Keywords: Second language learners, literature pedagogy and didactics, forms of reading, democracy. SammandragDenna artikel handlar om skönlitteraturens roll i skolämnet svenska som andraspråk. Studien undersöker hur en grupp avancerade andraspråksinlärare i en svensk gymnasieskola läser, tolkar och diskuterar en modern svensk roman och hur de interagerar med texten och med varandra i relation till texten. Dessutom analyseras vilka läsarter som eleverna använde sig av. Den är en kvalitativ, empirisk studie som baseras på fältstudier, transkriptioner av inspelade boksamtal och elevtexter. Resultaten visar att andraspråkseleverna hade en positiv attityd till boksamtal och de använde sig av flera läsarter. De jämförde ofta texten till sina egna liv och erfarenheter.  En slutsats är att litteraturundervisning och litteraturarbete skulle kunna integreras i ett gemensamt ämne så att ännu mer meningsfulla samtal mellan elever från olika bakgrund. Dessutom kan litteratur bli ett medel för personlighetsutveckling liksom för språkutveckling.Nyckelord: Andraspråkselever, litteraturpedagogik och didaktik, läsarter, demokrati.
Skriving i et digitalt triadisk refleksjonsfellesskap i lærerutdanninga
Authors: Klemp Torunn , Nilssen Vivi
Published: August 2017

Artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i et intervensjonsprosjekt i grunnskolelærerutdanninga. SKRIVUT-prosjektet svarer på en nasjonal og internasjonal etterspørsel etter gode møte­plasser for samarbeidet i lærerutdanninga. Møteplassen er et diskusjonsforum i It’s learning knyttet til praksisopplæringa der andreårsstudentene daglig skriver og får respons av medstudenter, praksislærer og faglærere i norsk og i pedagogikk og elevkunnskap. Studien som presenteres i artikkelen, bygger på kvalitativ analyse av loggdiskusjoner og intervjuer fra prosjektets andre år. Studien viser en faglig orientering i studentenes loggskriving og at det er mulig å etablere en samspillsarena. Den skriftlige dialogen i det digitale rommet viste seg å være drivende både for teoristudier og utvikling av fagspråk. Samtidig løftes praksislærers lokale og erfaringsbaserte kunnskap fram og settes i dialog med den teoribaserte kunnskapen. I diskusjonen tolkes karakteristiske trekk ved dialogen i det triadiske refleksjonsfellesskapet i lys av tenkning om behovet for situasjonsavgrensende og situasjonsoverskridende prosesser i læringskontekster. Funnene diskuteres opp mot studier som peker på at lærerstudenter og lærere har et mangelfullt fagspråk og er lite orientert mot etablert kunnskap.Nøkkelord: lærerutdanning, lærerstudenter, det digitale rom, samspillsarena, fagspråkAbstractThe background for this article is an intervention project in teacher education for primary school. The project addresses a worldwide call for meeting places for the triadic collabo­ration in teacher education. The meeting place is an asynchronous LMS-based discussion forum where second year student teachers write and receive daily response from fellow student teachers, mentors and professors in Norwegian (Mother Tongue) and in Pedagogy and Pupil-related Skills during field practice. The study presented in this article is based on a qualitative analysis of written log discussions and interviews from the second year of the project. The study shows that the student teachers have a subject-oriented focus in their writing. It also shows that it is possible to establish an arena for interplay. The written dialog in the digital room turned out to be a driving force regarding theoretical studies and the develop­ment of a professional language. At the same time, the mentor’s experience based knowledge is highlighted and put into dialog with the theory based knowledge. In the discussion, the characteristics of the triad’s dialog are interpreted in the light of theory on learning as a double process, focusing both on the particular situation and contextualizing the situation. The findings are discussed in the light of previous research on the lack of a sufficient pro­fessional language and lack of orientation towards established knowledge amongst student teachers and teachers.Keywords: teacher education, student teachers, the digital room, arena for interplay, professional language
Er gutter bedre enn jenter i kroppsøving? -En studie av jenter og gutters kroppsøvingskarakterer i den videregående skolen
Authors: Lagestad Pål
Published: August 2017

Forskning peker på at kroppsøvingsfaget i den norske skolen synes å være en arena som flere gutter enn jenter finner attraktiv. Vi vet imidlertid lite om hvor-dan dette gir seg utslag i karakteren i kroppsøving. Ved hjelp av data ved-rørende alle de 6928 elevene som var registrert med kroppsøving i den videre-gående skolen i Nordland skoleåret 2010/11, ser denne studien nærmere på hvordan kroppsøvingskarakteren varierer i forhold til kjønn, og hvor ulike studieretninger og kjønnssammensetninger blir trukket inn i analysene. Resul-tatene viser at guttene fikk signifikant bedre karakterer i kroppsøving enn jentene, noe som gir utslag i at gutter i større grad enn jenter fikk toppkarak-teren 6, men også nest beste karakter 5. Flere jenter enn gutter fikk karakteren 3. Det er påfallende hvordan dette mønsteret viste seg å være stabilt, uavhengig av studieretning og kjønnssammensetning, noe som indikerer at denne vurder¬ingspraksisen ikke er tilfeldig. På bakgrunn av funnene og tidligere forskning blir det stilt spørsmål ved om gutters fysiske overlegenhet gis et fortrinn i karak¬tersettingen, ved at flere gutter enn jenter får toppkarakterene. Det blir videre argumentert for at funnene også kan være et resultat av at jenter generelt opp¬lever mindre trivsel i kroppsøvingen, noe som kan gi seg utslag i mindre deltak¬else og innsats i kroppsøving. Mer forskning omkring kroppsøvingslæreres vur¬deringspraksis må utføres før en med sikkerhet kan forklare funnene i studien.Nøkkelord: kroppsøving, karakter, kjønn, vurderingAbstractResearch indicates that physical education is more attractive to boys than girls. However, we do not know much about how this may affect grades given in physical education among girls and boys. Using data from all the 6928 students who took physical education in high schools in Nordland county in the school year 2010/2011, the study seeks to investigate how gender affects the grades in physical education among girls and boys, adjusted for type of classes and classes with more than 80 percent boys or girls. The results show that boys get significantly better marks than girls in physical education, and that more boys than girls are getting the best mark 6, and also the second best mark 5. On the other hand, more girls than boys are getting the mark 3. These patterns appear in every type of class, independent of study programme and gender composition. It is argued that boys have better physiological conditions than girls, which may contribute to explaining a higher level of marks 5 and 6. Another possible explanation is that research has shown that girls experience less well-being in physical education, and that this may contribute to less effort during physical education. More research is needed to clarify the findings in the study.Keywords: physical education, mark, gender, assessment
Elevers produktion af multimodale tekster. Hvad ved vi og hvad mangler vi?
Authors: Christensen Vibeke
Published: August 2017

I Danmark er der med de nye Fælles Mål fra 2014 indført et krav om, at eleverne skal kunne lave større multimodale produktioner. Også i de øvrige skandinaviske lande indgår arbejde med multimodale tekster med forskellig betegnelse i læreplanen for modersmålsfaget. Det er således relevant at undersøge, hvad man ved om elevers produktion af multimodale tekster. Denne artikel bidrager med en gennemgang af nordisk forskning inden for området og med udblik til den øvrige vestlige verden. Teoretisk beskrives multimodalitet med udgangspunkt i New London Groups programartikel fra 1996 og den udvikling af multimodalitet, som gruppen omkring Kress og van Leeuwen har bidraget med. Resultaterne af forskningsgennemgangen præsenteres i fem temaer: terminologi, didaktik, undervisning, elevudbytte og vurdering. Diskussion pågår løbende inden for hvert tema, og der peges på didaktiske perspektiver.Nøgleord: multimodale tekster, tekstkompetence, elevpræstation, skrive-pædagogik, produktion, vurderingAbstractIn the new curriculum for the subject Danish from 2014, it is a requirement that students should be able to create major multimodal productions. Working with multimodal texts in the mother tongue subject is included in the curricula for all three Scandinavian countries. Therefore, it is relevant to consider what is already recognized as students’ production of multi-modal texts. This article offers a brief review based on the Nordic research together with a brief look towards the rest of the Western world’s research on multimodality. This paper’s theoretical foundation is based on the New London Group’s article from 1996, “Pedagogy of Multiliteracies: Designing Social Futures”, and the development of multimodality that re-searchers and scholars surrounding Kress and van Leeuwen have contributed with. The results of the research will be presented in the following five themes: terminology, education, teaching, pupil performance, and assessment. Furthermore, the results are discussed within each theme and the didactic perspectives are identified.Key words: multimodal texts, text competence, student achievement, teaching of writing, text production, assessment
A percepção de acadêmicos de enfermagem quanto aos usuários de drogas: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Esquarcio Deborah Costa , Ferreira Quésia Nayrane , De Jesus Juliana Alves
Published: August 2017

O abuso de drogas é um tema relevante na saúde pública, agravado pelo despreparo dos profissionais. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura com o objetivo de apreender o que há referente à concepção e percepção do acadêmico de enfermagem sobre usuários de drogas. Utilizou-se quatro artigos que versam sobre o assunto e que foram publicados no período de 2008 a 2016, com a utilização dos descritores Enfermagem, Drogadição e Reabilitação na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Os resultados apontaram para uma concepção, por parte dos estudantes, próxima ao senso comum quanto às drogas, o que revela uma lacuna na formação do profissional enfermeiro. O enfermeiro presta assistência direta aos usuários, familiares e comunidade, construindo-se, assim, um profissional que deve ser preparado adequadamente em sua graduação para o atendimento a esse público específico. Dessa forma, a inclusão da temática das drogas na formação acadêmica se faz necessária para a formulação de novos conhecimentos.

Palavras-chave: Enfermagem. Drogadição. Reabilitação.
TRABALHO SEXUAL, ESTUPRO E SISTEMA DE JUSTIÇA CRIMINAL: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA A PARTIR DO FEMINISMO DE TERCEIRO MUNDO
Authors: Barbosa Marcela Dias , Borges Paulo César Corrêa
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho pretende refletir a (des)proteção institucional oferecida às trabalhadoras do sexo no Brasil, quando vítimas da violência sexual, especificamente quanto ao estupro. A aplicabilidade da norma incriminadora do estupro envolve o julgamento não apenas dos fatos ocorridos, mas também da moralidade e da reputação sexual da mulher agredida, que deixa de ocupar o papel de vítima para se tornar uma potencial suspeita. A abrangência e incidência da tutela penal serão desenvolvidas ultrapassando o poder legal, aproximando-se de sua função legitimadora e de manutenção de uma estrutura desigual vigente no corpo social. Com a finalidade de reconhecer as práticas e estratégias individuais, inclusive aquelas relacionadas com o próprio corpo e sexualidade, serão questionadas as atuações atentatórias aos direitos sexuais das trabalhadoras. Será analisada a seletividade penal das trabalhadoras do sexo que oscilam entre os estigmas de vítimas e vilãs tendo em vista os aportes do Feminismo de Terceiro Mundo e da Criminologia Crítica Feminista.
Proposta de melhoria de layout como fator para a otimização do processo produtivo organizacional
Authors: Gerlach Gustavo , Bueno Da Silva Vilmar , Dos Santos Lucas Almeida , Do Amaral Adamy Ana Paula , Garlet Eliane
Published: August 2017

The current scenario of high competition makes companies look increasingly optimized processes, with the least possible losses and the ultimate in quality and productivity. Industrial layout plays an important role in this context, given that the physical layout of machinery, equipment, circulation areas, storage areas and people directly influences the efficiency of an operation. In the midst of this need for constant improvement, lean production emerged, which has proven to be an efficient method for companies to improve their performance. This study aims to define a layout that allows the optimization of business processes, based on the principles of lean production. The development of this research was carried out by the method of action research where analysis tools were used to diagnose the current situation and, thereafter, for the formulation of the proposed improvement. The results showed that the changes proposed in the layout are able to reduce the company's lead time by 46%, eliminate losses, improve the organization of productive sectors, and ensure agility in the manufacturing process.
Mål uden mæle – afklaringsforsøg af forholdet mellem formål og to typer af mål
Authors: Adamsen Johannes
Published: August 2017

ikke udfyldt
Neurosecretory protein GL stimulates food intake, de novo lipogenesis, and onset of obesity
Authors: Iwakoshi-Ukena Eiko , Shikano Kenshiro , Kondo Kunihiro , Taniuchi Shusuke , Furumitsu Megumi , Ochi Yuta , Sasaki Tsutomu , Okamoto Shiki , Bentley George E , Kriegsfeld Lance J , Minokoshi Yasuhiko , Ukena Kazuyoshi
Published: August 2017

Mechanisms underlying the central regulation of food intake and fat accumulation are not fully understood. We found that neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL), a newly-identified neuropeptide, increased food intake and white adipose tissue (WAT) in rats. NPGL-precursor gene overexpression in the hypothalamus caused increases in food intake, WAT, body mass, and circulating insulin when fed a high calorie diet. Intracerebroventricular administration of NPGL induced de novo lipogenesis in WAT, increased insulin, and it selectively induced carbohydrate intake. Neutralizing antibody administration decreased the size of lipid droplets in WAT. Npgl mRNA expression was upregulated by fasting and low insulin levels. Additionally, NPGL-producing cells were responsive to insulin. These results point to NPGL as a novel neuronal regulator that drives food intake and fat deposition through de novo lipogenesis and acts to maintain steady-state fat level in concert with insulin. Dysregulation of NPGL may be a root cause of obesity.
On the variation of alkalinity during phytoplankton photosynthesis
Authors: Fraga F , Álvarez-Salgado XA
Published: August 2017

The alkalinity of the organic constituents of marine phytoplankton and their participation in the total alkalinity (TA) change of seawater during photosynthesis are carefully assessed. Quantification of the contribution of phytoplankton chlorophyll, proteins and phosphorus compounds to the hydrogen ion balance of seawater in terms of total inorganic nitrogen (∆[NT] = ∆NH4 +] + ∆[N2] + ∆[NO2–] + ∆[NO3–]) and total inorganic phosphorus (∆[PT]) changes during photosynthesis yielded that the organic components of marine phytoplankton are alkaline by –0.06 ×  ∆[NT] – 0.49 × ∆[PT], and that the potential total alkalinity (TAP) during photosynthesis is TAP = TA – [NH4– + 0.93 × [NO2–] + [NO3–] + 0.08 × [NT] + 0.23 × [PT] for unfiltered seawater samples and TAP = TA – [NH4–] + 0.93 × [NO2–] + [NO3–] + 0.02 × [NT] + 0.26 × [PT] for filtered seawater samples. These equations correct the traditionally used expression TAP = TA + [NO3–]. The TAP anomalies are produced, in order of increasing importance, by N2 fixation, DMSP production and CaCO3 fixation.
Space and time variability of the Southern Ocean carbon budget
Authors: Rosso Isabella , Mazloff Matthew R. , Verdy Ariane , Talley Lynne D.
Published: August 2017

The upper ocean dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration is regulated by advective and diffusive transport divergence, biological processes, freshwater, and air‐sea CO2 fluxes. The relative importance of these mechanisms in the Southern Ocean is uncertain, as year‐round observations in this area have been limited. We use a novel physical‐biogeochemical state estimate of the Southern Ocean to construct a closed DIC budget of the top 650 m and investigate the spatial and temporal variability of the different components of the carbon system. The dominant mechanisms of variability in upper ocean DIC depend on location and time and space scales considered. Advective transport is the most influential mechanism and governs the local DIC budget across the 10 day–5 year timescales analyzed. Diffusive effects are nearly negligible. The large‐scale transport structure is primarily set by upwelling and downwelling, though both the lateral ageostrophic and geostrophic transports are significant. In the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the carbon budget components are also influenced by the presence of topography and biological hot spots. In the subtropics, evaporation and air‐sea CO2 flux primarily balances the sink due to biological production and advective transport. Finally, in the subpolar region sea ice processes, which change the seawater volume and thus the DIC concentration, compensate the large impact of the advective transport and modulate the timing of biological activity and air‐sea CO2 flux.
Equinoctial asymmetry in the zonal distribution of scintillation as observed by GPS receivers in Indonesia
Authors: Abadi P. , Otsuka Y. , Shiokawa K. , Husin A. , Liu Huixin , Saito S.
Published: August 2017

We investigate the azimuthal distribution of amplitude scintillation observed by Global Positioning System (GPS) ground receivers at Pontianak (0.0°S, 109.3°E; magnetic latitude: 9.8°S) and Bandung (6.9°S, 107.6°E; magnetic latitude: 16.7°S) in Indonesia in March and September from 2011 to 2015. The scintillation is found to occur more to the west than to the east in March at both stations, whereas no such zonal difference is found in September. We also analyze the zonal scintillation drift as estimated using three closely spaced single‐frequency GPS receivers at Kototabang (0.2°S, 100.3°E; magnetic latitude: 9.9°S) in Indonesia during 2003–2015 and the zonal thermospheric neutral wind as measured by the CHAMP satellite at longitudes of 90°–120°E during 2001–2008. We find that the velocities of both the zonal scintillation drift and the neutral wind decrease with increasing latitudes. Interestingly, the latitudinal gradients of both the zonal scintillation drift and the neutral wind are steeper in March than in September. These steeper March gradients may be responsible for the increased westward altitudinal and latitudinal tilting of plasma bubbles in March. This equinoctial asymmetry could be responsible for the observed westward bias in scintillation in March, because the scintillation is more likely to occur when radio waves pass through longer lengths of plasma irregularities in the plasma bubbles.
Analysis of aerosol composition data for western United States wildfires between 2005 and 2015: Dust emissions, chloride depletion, and most enhanced aerosol constituents
Authors: Schlosser Joseph S. , Braun Rachel A. , Bradley Trevor , Dadashazar Hossein , MacDonald Alexander B. , Aldhaif Abdulmonam A. , Aghdam Mojtaba Azadi , Mardi Ali Hossein , Xian Peng , Sorooshian Armin
Published: August 2017

This study examines major wildfires in the western United States between 2005 and 2015 to determine which species exhibit the highest percent change in mass concentration on day of peak fire influence relative to preceding nonfire days. Forty‐one fires were examined using the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) data set. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) constituents exhibited the highest percent change increase. The sharpest enhancements were for the volatile (OC1) and semivolatile (OC2) OC fractions, suggestive of secondary organic aerosol formation during plume transport. Of the noncarbonaceous constituents, Cl, P, K, NO3−, and Zn levels exhibited the highest percent change. Dust was significantly enhanced in wildfire plumes, based on significant enhancements in fine soil components (i.e., Si, Ca, Al, Fe, and Ti) and PMcoarse (i.e., PM10–PM2.5). A case study emphasized how transport of wildfire plumes significantly impacted downwind states, with higher levels of fine soil and PMcoarse at the downwind state (Arizona) as compared to the source of the fires (California). A global model (Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System, NAAPS) did not capture the dust influence over California or Arizona during this case event because it is not designed to resolve dust dynamics in fires, which motivates improved treatment of such processes. Significant chloride depletion was observed on the peak EC day for almost a half of the fires examined. Size‐resolved measurements during two specific fires at a coastal California site revealed significant chloride reductions for particle aerodynamic diameters between 1 and 10 μm.
Mirrored changes in Antarctic ozone and stratospheric temperature in the late 20th versus early 21st centuries
Authors: Solomon Susan , Ivy Diane , Gupta Mukund , Bandoro Justin , Santer Benjamin , Fu Qiang , Lin Pu , Garcia Rolando R. , Kinnison Doug , Mills Michael
Published: August 2017

Observed and modeled patterns of lower stratospheric seasonal trends in Antarctic ozone and temperature in the late 20th (1979–2000) and the early 21st (2000–2014) centuries are compared. Patterns of pre‐2000 observed Antarctic ozone decreases and stratospheric cooling as a function of month and pressure are followed by opposite‐signed (i.e., “mirrored”) patterns of ozone increases and warming post‐2000. An interactive chemistry‐climate model forced by changes in anthropogenic ozone depleting substances produces broadly similar mirrored features. Statistical analysis of unforced model simulations (from long‐term model control simulations of a few centuries up to 1000 years) suggests that internal and solar natural variability alone is unable to account for the pattern of observed ozone trend mirroring, implying that forcing is the dominant driver of this behavior. Radiative calculations indicate that ozone increases have contributed to Antarctic warming of the lower stratosphere over 2000–2014, but dynamical changes that are likely due to internal variability over this relatively short period also appear to be important. Overall, the results support the recent finding that the healing of the Antarctic ozone hole is underway and that coupling between dynamics, chemistry, and radiation is important for a full understanding of the causes of observed stratospheric temperature and ozone changes.
High‐resolution sub‐ice‐shelf seafloor records of twentieth century ungrounding and retreat of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica
Authors: Davies D. , Bingham R. G. , Graham A. G. C. , Spagnolo M. , Dutrieux P. , Vaughan D. G. , Jenkins A. , Nitsche F. O.
Published: August 2017

Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf (PIGIS) has been thinning rapidly over recent decades, resulting in a progressive drawdown of the inland ice and an upstream migration of the grounding line. The resultant ice loss from Pine Island Glacier (PIG) and its neighboring ice streams presently contributes an estimated ∼10% to global sea level rise, motivating efforts to constrain better the rate of future ice retreat. One route toward gaining a better understanding of the processes required to underpin physically based projections is provided by examining assemblages of landforms and sediment exposed over recent decades by the ongoing ungrounding of PIG. Here we present high‐resolution bathymetry and sub‐bottom‐profiler data acquired by autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) surveys beneath PIGIS in 2009 and 2014, respectively. We identify landforms and sediments associated with grounded ice flow, proglacial and subglacial sediment transport, overprinting of lightly grounded ice‐shelf keels, and stepwise grounding line retreat. The location of a submarine ridge (Jenkins Ridge) coincides with a transition from exposed crystalline bedrock to abundant sediment cover potentially linked to a thick sedimentary basin extending upstream of the modern grounding line. The capability of acquiring high‐resolution data from AUV platforms enables observations of landforms and understanding of processes on a scale that is not possible in standard offshore geophysical surveys.
Formation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Carbonyl Transposition
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Dubrovskiy Anton V. , Markina Nataliya A.
Published: August 2017

This article has no abstract.
Effect of 45‐Day −6° Head‐Down Bed Rest on Cooperation and Aggression
Authors: Wang Yun , Zhou Yuan , Rao Li‐Lin , Zheng Rui , Liang Zhu‐Yuan , Chen Xiao‐Ping , Tan Cheng , Tian Zhi‐Qiang , Wang Chun‐Hui , Bai Yan‐Qiang , Chen Shan‐Guang , Li Shu
Published: August 2017

High levels of cooperation and low aggression seem obviously vital to the successful implementation of space missions. To elucidate the effect of microgravity on these behaviors, we investigated whether cooperative and aggressive behaviors would be affected in 16 male volunteers during 45‐day −6° head‐down bed rest, which is a reliable simulation model for most physiological effects of spaceflight. We used an ultimatum game task to evaluate the cooperative behavior and a revised competitive reaction time test to evaluate the aggressive behavior simultaneously. We found that (1) the participants became less cooperative in the post‐bed rest phase in comparison with the pre‐bed rest phase and (2) the participants became more aggressive in the in‐bed rest phase in comparison with the pre‐bed rest phase. These findings provide evidence that head‐down bed rest may affect both cooperative and aggressive behaviors in males, suggesting an important perspective for future studies in space psychology.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iodine‐Triggered Aerobic Oxysulfonylation of Styrenes
Authors: Choudhuri Khokan , Achar Tapas Kumar , Mal Prasenjit
Published: August 2017

An iodine‐triggered dioxygen activation in oxysulfonylation reactions of unactivated olefins using sulfonyl hydrazides and iodine as catalyst is reported here. In one pot, near quantitative syntheses of β‐hydroxysulfones were achieved at 70 °C, within 7 h, in acetonitrile and under aerobic conditions. A plausible mechanism is established by radical trapping and 18O labelling experiments for the operationally simple, efficient and economically viable transformation. The direct activation of aerial oxygen under metal‐free and mild conditions is proposed for the oxysulfonylation of olefins.

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A multiscale investigation on controlling bovine serum albumin adsorption onto polyurethane films
Authors: Kurkcuoglu Selin Sofi , Kurkcuoglu Ozge , Güner F. Seniha
Published: August 2017

Our previous study on castor oil (CO) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based shape memory polyurethane (PU) films indicated that cell spreading on the polymer surface, cell morphology, and adhesion of fibroblast are closely related to the composition of the polymer that influences surface properties. This integrated experimental and computational study is designed to investigate the effect of important parameters such as surface roughness, crystallinity, hydrophilicity, distribution of hard/soft segments, and topology of the surface on protein adsorption for CO‐ and PEG‐based PUs. Analyses indicate that the crystallinity percentage highly promotes bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption. Roughness together with topological features determines BSA adsorption rate and concentration. Hydrophilicity and hard segment content seem to have less critical effect on adsorption. Distribution of hard segments into the soft segments emerges as another important factor for protein adsorption. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45669.
Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for Consolidated Conversion of Hemicellulosic Biomass into Xylonic Acid
Authors: Yim Sung Sun , Choi Jae Woong , Lee Se Hwa , Jeon Eun Jung , Chung Wook‐Jin , Jeong Ki Jun
Published: August 2017

Xylonic acid is a promising platform chemical with various applications in the fields of food, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. However, in the current process, xylonic acid is mainly produced by the conversion of xylose, whose preparation requires substantial cost and time. Here, Corynebacterium glutamicum is engineered for the consolidated bioconversion of hemicellulosic biomass (xylan) into xylonic acid in a single cultivation. First, for the efficient conversion of xylose to xylonic acid, xylose dehydrogenase (Xdh) and xylonolactonase (XylC) from Caulobacter crescentus are evaluated together with a previously optimized xylose transporter module (XylE of Escherichia coli), and cells expressing xdh and xylE genes with an optimized expression system can produce xylonic acid from xylose with 100% conversion yield. Next, to directly process xylan as a substrate, an engineered xylan‐degrading module is introduced, in which two xylan‐degrading enzymes (endoxylanase and xylosidase) are secreted into the culture medium. The engineered C. glutamicum successfully produce 6.23 g L−1 of xylonic acid from 20 g L−1 of xylan. This is the first report on xylonic acid production in C. glutamicum and this robust system will contribute to development of an industrially relevant platform for production of xylonic acid from raw biomass.