bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expert consensus regarding indicators of a traumatic reaction in autistic youth: a Delphi survey
Authors: Kerns Connor M. , Robins Diana L. , Shattuck Paul T. , Newschaffer Craig J. , Berkowitz Steven J.
Published: July 2022

Objective

It has been suggested that the sequelae of trauma are under‐recognized in youth on the autism spectrum. We aimed to generate expert consensus regarding important trauma indicators, including but not limited to traumatic stress symptoms, in autistic youth.

Methods

We recruited 72 experts in autism and/or childhood trauma. Via a 2‐round Delphi survey, experts commented on and rated the importance of 48 potential indicators, drawn from PTSD criteria and a broader literature on traumatic sequelae in autism. A revised list of 51 indicators, 18 clinical guidelines developed from expert comments, and summaries of expert qualifications and ratings from Round 1 were submitted to a second round (n = 66; 92% retention) of expert review and rating.

Results

Twenty‐two indicators reached consensus (>75% round 2 endorsement). Many, but not all, reflected PTSD criteria, including intrusions (e.g., trauma re‐enactments in perseverative play/speech), avoidance of trauma‐reminders, and negative alterations in mood/cognition (e.g., diminished interest in activities) and in arousal/reactivity (e.g., exaggerated startle). Experts also identified increased reliance on others, adaptive and language regressions, self‐injurious behavior, and non‐suicidal self‐injury as important indicators. Consensus guidelines emphasized the need for tailored measures, developmentally informed criteria, and multiple informants to increase diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions

Expert consensus emphasizes and informs a need for tailored diagnostic guidelines and measures to more sensitively assess traumatic reactions in autistic youth.
Bisexual lures and their comparison with synthetic sex attractants for trapping Orthosia species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Szanyi Szabolcs , Varga Zoltán , Nagy Antal , Jósvai Júlia K. , Imrei Zoltán , Tóth Miklós
Published: July 2022

Two bisexual lures have been developed using iso‐amyl alcohol plus acetic acid combined with red wine extract (semisynthetic bisexual lure, SBL), or synthetic floral compounds (FLO) for trapping of noctuid moths with early spring activity of adults. Orthosia species were attracted by the tested semi‐synthetic and synthetic lures indicating the possible role of the fermenting liquids and floral compounds in the feeding of these species. Bisexual lures attracted generally a lower number of individuals than the synthetic sex attractants of the given species, except for O. cerasi where FLO lures were more attractive than the sex attractant. Bisexual lures caught both sexes and females composed a sizable percentage of the catch. Since traps baited with different types of bisexual lures provided similar data on sex ratios, thus these presumably reflected the actual sex ratio of the given population. The use of these bisexual lures, especially of FLO in case of Orthosia spp., can be useful in surveys in which the capture of females and data on sex ratios are indispensable, for example in population dynamic and polyandry surveys. In contrast, in case of low population densities, the use of sex attractant lures seem to be still more efficient.
Genome‐wide identification and expression analysis of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes in response to salinity stress in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)
Authors: Duan Yongqiang , Zhang Wenping , Chen Xiaohui , Wang Minghua , Zhong Liqiang , Liu Ju , Bian Wenji , Zhang Shiyong
Published: July 2022

The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene family has been systematically described in several fish species, but less so in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), which is an important global aquaculture species. In this study, 16 MAPK genes were identified in the channel catfish genome and classified into three subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis, including six extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) genes, six p38‐MAPK genes and four C‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) genes. All MAPK genes were distributed unevenly across 10 chromosomes, of which three (IpMAPK8, IpMAPK12 and IpMAPK14) underwent teleost‐specific whole genome duplication during evolution. Gene expression profiles in channel catfish during salinity stress were analysed using transcriptome sequencing and qRT‐PCR (quantitative reverse transcription PCR). Results from reads per kilobase million (RPKM) analysis showed IpMAPK13, IpMAPK14a and IpMAPK14b genes were differentially expressed when compared with other genes between treatment and control groups. Furthermore, three of these genes were validated by qRT‐PCR, of which IpMAPK14a expression levels were significantly upregulated in treatment groups (high and low salinity) when compared with the control group, with the highest expression levels in the low salinity group (P < 0.05). Therefore, IpMAPK14a may have important response roles to salinity stress in channel catfish.
Review of catch records of the bigeye thresher sharkAlopias superciliosusLowe, 1841 (Lamniformes: Alopiidae) in the Mediterranean Sea: historical and recent data with biological notes
Authors: Kousteni Vasiliki , Resaikos Vasilis , Papatheodoulou Magdalene , Papageorgiou Marios
Published: July 2022

In November 2021, a female bigeye thresher shark was incidentally caught by a pelagic drifting longline off southern Cyprus, corresponding to the second documented species record at country level. Main biological features and an extended list of morphometric measurements are presented in comparison with the previous species records in the Mediterranean. The diet analysis highlighted the impact of marine species invasion in the Mediterranean food webs and documented the presence of the angel squid in Cypriot waters for the first time. The species presence in the basin is revised and discussed.
Life‐history constraints, short adult life span and reproductive strategies in coral reef gobies of the genus Trimma
Authors: Goldsworthy Nisha C. , Srinivasan Maya , Smallhorn‐West Patrick , Cheah Lit‐Chien , Munday Philip L. , Jones Geoffrey P.
Published: July 2022

Body size influences many life‐history traits, with small‐bodied animals tending to have short life spans, high mortality and greater reproductive effort early in life. In this study, the authors investigated the life‐history traits and reproductive strategies of three small‐bodied coral reef gobies of the genus Trimma: Trimma benjamini, Trimma capostriatum and Trimma yanoi. The authors found all Trimma species studied attained a small body size of <25 mm, had a short life span of <140 days and experienced high estimated daily mortality of 3.0%–6.7%. Furthermore, the pelagic larval phase accounted for 25.3%–28.5% of the maximum life span, and maturation occurred between 74.1 and 82.1 days at 15.2–15.8 mm, leaving only 35%–43% of the total life span as a reproductively viable adult. All mature individuals had gonad structures consistent with bidirectional sex change, with bisexual gonads including both ovarian and testicular portions separated by a thin wall of connective tissue. In the female and male phases, only ovaries or testes were mature, whereas gonadal tissue of the non‐active sex remained. One T. benjamini individual and one T. yanoi individual had ovarian and testicular tissue active simultaneously. The results of this study highlight the life‐history challenges small CRFs face on their path to reproduction and reproductive strategies that could be beneficial in fishes with high and unpredictable mortality and short reproductive life spans.
Novel application of a Co‐Fermented postbiotics of TYCA06/AP‐32/CP‐9/collagen in the improvement of acne vulgaris—A randomized clinical study of efficacy evaluation
Authors: Ho Hsieh‐Hsun , Chen Ching‐Wei , Yi Tsai‐Hsuan , Huang Yu‐Fen , Kuo Yi‐Wei , Lin Jia‐Hung , Chen Jui‐Fen , Tsai Shin‐Yu , Chan Leong‐Perng , Liang Chia‐Hua
Published: July 2022

Background

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. If skin lesions are not treated well in time, they can leave a permanent impact on the appearance and a negative influence on personal confidence. The common therapy for acne symptom includes antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, and azeleic acid. However, those medications have side effects, and the long‐term use should be cautious. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safe and effective material, which is more suitable for daily use.

Objective

Collagen was selected to co‐ferment with three probiotic strains TYCA06/AP‐32/CP‐9 (TAC) due to its excellent feature on wound healing. The fermented material was added into cosmetic gel and applied on subjects' acne lesions. The antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and anti‐inflammation effect around lesion area were investigated in a 4‐week clinical study.

Material and Methods

An anti‐P. acnes assay, a keratinocytes HaCaT cell‐based wound healing assay, and a cytokine assay on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukin (IL)‐33 were used to evaluate the function of the fermented material in vitro. The TAC/Collagen formula was further incorporated into a cosmetic gel, and the human clinical trial was carried out by applying this gel on 20 volunteers' face with acne vulgaris. The moisture score, sebum content, inflammation, porphyrins numbers, and brown spot number of whole face were observed and recorded.

Results

The postbiotics of the TAC/Collagen displayed a good growth inhibition against P. acnes and reduced TSLP and IL‐33 inflammation in vitro. This TAC/Collagen formula enhanced the wound healing in HaCaT cell culture. The result of the clinical trial showed the TAC/Collagen gel improved the moisture score and inflammation index of the skin in vivo. In addition, this TAC/Collagen gel also improved the wound healing of acne symptom in volunteers with acne vulgaris. Moreover, this TAC/Collagen gel reduced the number of the porphyrins and brown spots on facial skin.

Conclusion

These postbiotics of TAC/Collagen have beneficial effects on skin health and are able to ameliorate the redness, inflammation, and acne symptom in acne vulgaris patients.
The effectiveness of radiofrequency scanning technology in preventing retained surgical items: An integrative review
Authors: Peng Jiping , Ang Shin Yuh , Zhou Huaqiong , Nair Ambili
Published: July 2022

Aims and Objectives

To synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of radiofrequency (RF) scanning technology as an adjunct to manual counting protocols in preventing retained surgical items (RSIs) in the operating room.

Background

Despite the implementation of rigorous manual counting protocols, RSIs remain one of the most common reported sentinel events in operating theatres that lead to adverse patient outcomes.

Design

An integrative review.

Methods

This review was guided by the Whittemore and Knafl (2005) framework. A literature search using CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PubMed, and Scopus with key search terms related to RSIs and RF was applied to select English articles from January 2011 till August 2021. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist was utilised for study quality assessment while reporting of review was guided using the PRISMA checklist.

Results

A total of 15 peer‐reviewed articles were included, enabling the knowledge on the RF scanning technology to be grouped into four themes, namely: detection accuracy of RF scanning technology, real‐time detection of surgical items using RF identification, the impact of the RF scanning technology for detecting RSIs on patient safety, and cost‐analysis of integrating the RF scanning technology in operating theatres.

Conclusion

Radiofrequency scanning technology is effective in preventing RSIs with significant cost‐savings. Perioperative leaders should develop a multidisciplinary process to evaluate and select the most appropriate RF scanning technology as part of their patient safety programs. However, future studies with a larger sample size and robust research design, such as randomised controlled trial, should be considered to enhance the generalisability and rigour of evidence.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This review contributes to perioperative personnel's education/training of staff on using RF scanning technology to prevent RSIs. The cost‐effectiveness analysis enables the healthcare leaders to decide on the selection of appropriate RF technology.
Illicit financial flows and developing countries: A review of methods and evidence
Authors: Brandt Kasper
Published: July 2022

Illicit financial flows (IFFs) constitute a major challenge for development in low‐income countries, as domestic resource mobilization is imperative for providing crucial public services. The current paper focuses exclusively on the economic dimension of IFFs, thereby excluding topics as drugs trade, money laundering, and human trafficking. While several methods offer to measure the magnitude of IFFs, each has its benefits and drawbacks. Critically, methods based on the balance of payments identity may capture licit as well as illicit flows, and a method based on macroeconomic trade discrepancies suffers from doubtful assumptions. The most convincing estimate to date demonstrates that individuals hold financial assets worth around 10% of global GDP in tax havens. Evidence further indicates that developing countries are more exposed to individuals and multinational enterprises illicitly transferring money out of the country.
Prognostic value of lncRNA HOXA‐AS3 in cervical cancer by targeting miR‐29a‐3p and its regulatory effect on tumor progression
Authors: Xu Hui , Tang Yan , He Chuanyong , Tian Yong , Ni Rong
Published: July 2022

Background

With the promotion of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, cervical cancer has become a current research hotspot, and lncRNA has been confirmed to be used in the research of different diseases. This article systematically expounds the regulation and potential mechanisms of HOXA cluster antisense RNA 3 (HOXA‐AS3) in cervical cancer, and discusses its possibility as a prognostic biomarker for cervical cancer.

Methods

Relative expression levels of HOXA‐AS3 and miR‐29a‐3p in tissues and cells were determined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The survival of cervical cancer patients was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier method and the cumulative survival function table was drawn. The proliferation, migration, and invasion levels of HOXA‐AS3 in cells were detected according to cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and transwell method. The dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the mechanism of action between HOXA‐AS3 and miR‐29a‐3p.

Results

HOXA‐AS3 was elevated and miR‐29a‐3p was decreased in tissues and cells of cervical cancer patients. Knockdown of HOXA‐AS3 could inhibit the progression of cervical cancer and was more conducive to patient survival. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed that HOXA‐AS3 negatively regulates cervical cancer development by sponging miR‐29a‐3p.

Conclusion

In this research, knockdown of HOXA‐AS3 could alleviate the process of cervical cancer by sponging miR‐29a‐3p, suggesting that HOXA‐AS3 may be a potential prognostic target of cervical cancer, which could provide a theoretical basis for future clinical research of cervical cancer.
The importance of fetal adrenal gland volume measurement in successful labor induction with oxytocin
Authors: Özdemir Belma G. , Özdemir Halis , Atalay Cemal R.
Published: July 2022

Aim

We aimed to show the predictive value of fetal adrenal gland volume (FAGV) measurement in the success of labor induction with oxytocin.

Methods

This is a prospective cohort study that included a total of 103 term nulliparous. Immediately after deciding to induce labor with oxytocin, the fetal right and left adrenal gland measurements were obtained.

Results

Induction success was achieved in 89 of 103 (86.4%) pregnant women. In comparison of the FAGV values of failed induction labor group, the total volumes of right and left fetal adrenal glands and the fetal zone volumes (FZV) were found to be statistically significantly higher in the successful labor induction group (p < 0.001). In predicting induction success, the cut‐off value of fetal adrenal gland volume (cFAGV) was set as >230.2 mm3/kg and area under curve (AUC) value of 0.872 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.736–1.000) for right total adrenal gland (p < 0.001). The cut‐off value of cFAGV was set as >236.7 mm3/kg and AUC value of 0.891(95%CI, 0.768–1.000) (p < 0.001) for left total adrenal gland. The cut‐off value of cFAGV was set as >12.6 mm3/kg and AUC value of 0.952 (95%CI, 0.905–0.999) for right FZV(p < 0.001). The cut‐off value of cFAGV was set as >7.8 mm3/kg and AUC value of 0.884 (95%CI, 0.752–1.000) for left FZV (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Two‐dimension ultrasonographic measurement is an easy‐to‐access and noninvasive method that can be integrated into the algorithms to predict the success of induction based on FAGV measurement.
Perspectives on physician leadership: The role of character‐based leadership in medicine
Authors: Torti Jacqueline M. I. , Inayat Hamza , Inayat Ali , Lingard Lorelei , Haddara Wael , Sultan Nabil
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Physician leadership is multifaceted, but leadership training in medicine often is not. Leadership education and training for physicians are rarely grounded in conceptual leadership frameworks and suffer from a primary focus on cognitive leadership domains. Character‐based leadership is a conceptual leadership framework that moves beyond cognitive competencies and articulates dimensions of character that promote effective leadership. The purpose of this study was to explore the relevance of character‐based leadership in the medical context.

Methods

This qualitative descriptive study used semi‐structured interviews to explore health care professionals' perceptions of character in relation to effective leadership in medicine. All interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed. Consistent with descriptive qualitative inquiry, a qualitative latent content analysis was used. Simultaneous data collection and analysis incorporating character‐based leadership as a theoretical framework was used to help organise the analysis of the data. The researchers met regularly to clarify coding structures and categorise codes until sufficiency was reached.

Results

Twenty‐six individuals (12 doctors, 5 nurses, 2 social workers, 2 directors and a pharmacist, dietician, coordinator, administrator and unit clerk) participated. Character‐based leadership resonated with participants; they deemed character essential for effective physician leadership. Participants reflected on different character dimensions they attributed to an effective physician leader, in particular, collaboration, humility and humanity. They shared examples of working in interdisciplinary health care teams to illustrate these in practice. Moreover, participants believed that effective physician leaders need not be in a positional leadership role and asserted that physicians who demonstrate character stand out as leaders regardless of their career stage.

Discussion

Our findings suggest a role for a character‐based leadership framework in medical education. Participants recognised the execution of character in everyday practice, associated character with effective leadership and understood leadership in dispositional rather than positional terms. These findings provide important insights for expanding and enhancing existing leadership training interventions.
Research of a Safe and Simplified Intertransverse Process Approach for the Lower Thoracic Interbody Surgery
Authors: Li Nian‐hu , Zou Rui‐qi , Zhao Xue‐gang , Kong Peng , Yue Chen , Jia Meng‐long , Jiang Ping , Li Yu‐tong , Li Gang , Xu Zhan‐wang
Published: July 2022

Objective

To assess a safe surgical approach for intertransverse process lower thoracic intervertebral body fusion (ITIF) based on measurements from enhanced three‐dimensional CT reconstruction, cadaver simulated operation, and patient operation.

Methods

Enhanced three‐dimensional CT image reconstruction was performed for 20 healthy volunteers on thoracic segments T8–T12. The length of the transverse process (LTP), distance between the upper and lower transverse processes (DULTP), remote distance of the transverse process (RDTP), height of the extraforaminal intervertebral space (HEIS), and oblique diameter of the intervertebral space (ODIS) were measured and recorded. The blood vessels of the intertransverse lower thoracic region were observed, and their internal diameters were measured. The rib‐intervertebral space relationship for T10/11 and T11/12 was measured in 104 patients of the thoracic skeleton. Then, based on the data from the CT measurements, simulated surgery was performed on six human cadavers at the T11/12 level. An ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patient with a fracture of the T10/11 level was eventually operated on with the ITIF technique.

Results

No significant difference was found between the lengths of the left and right thoracic transverse processes. The relationship of the values of the LTP and RDTP for the measured vertebrae were found to be as follows:T8 > T9 > T10 > T11 > T12. For HEIS and DULTP, T8–9 < T9–10 < T10–11 < T11–12. The results for the ODIS were as follows: T8–T9 < T9–T10 < T10–T11 < T11–T12. The blood vessel inner diameter of T11–12 was less than that of T10–11, while there was no significant difference between the diameters for T8–9 and T11–12. Almost half of the volunteer's T10/11 intervertebral spaces were covered posteriorly by the 11th rib (45.19% on left and 41.35% on right), while for most patients, the T11/12 intervertebral space was not covered by the 12th rib (98.08%). According to the cadaver experiments, intervertebral bone grafting and ipsilateral pedicle screw fixation were performed to simulate the operation. One patient with a combined AS and T10/11 fracture was then operated on with the ITIF technique and followed up for 3 years with satisfactory results.

Conclusion

As verified by 3D CT reconstruction measurements, cadaver simulation surgery and patient operation with follow‐up, the intertransverse process approach for some T10/T11 and almost all T11/T12 segments is a safe surgical pathway for operations such as ITIF, fracture bone grafting, clearance of focal lesions.
Association between Weitbrecht's Retinaculum Injury and Femoral Head Necrosis in Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Mei Jiong , Wang Shuqing , Ni Ming , Zhang Fangfang , Tang Jianfei , Bi Gang , Zhu Yi , Zhu Xiaozhong , Lu Ye
Published: July 2022

Objective

To investigate associations between femoral head necrosis (FHN) and injury to the retinaculum of Weitbrecht in patients with femoral neck fractures who had undergone initial trials of either closed reduction or direct open reduction.

Methods

This prospective observational study included 110 patients with displaced femoral neck fractures admitted to the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University and Shanghai Tongji Hospital between January 2008 and May 2017. Among these, 25 patients underwent initial closed reductions, and 85 patients underwent an open reduction directly. Watson‐Jones anterolateral approach was used during the surgery for injury to the retinaculum of Weitbrecht, and FHN was assessed as a surgical outcome. The severity of injury to the retinaculum of Weitbrecht was evaluated using a scoring system developed by our surgical team. Follow‐up was at least 24 months.

Results

The initial closed reduction treatment group had significantly higher total scores of injury to the retinaculum of Weitbrecht (6.24 ± 2.20vs4.62 ± 2.12,p = 0.009) compared to the open reduction group. High total scores were significantly associated with initial trials of closed reduction treatment, especially for the broken and released injury to the superior and anterior retinacula (bothp = 0.01). Twenty‐six patients experienced FHN postoperatively, with mean onset time of 19.42 ± 3.87 months. FHN was significantly associated with the severity of injury to the retinaculum of Weitbrecht (p < 0.001) at the superior, anterior, and inferior retinacula. FHN was significantly associated with injury to the retinaculum of Weitbrecht in females.

Conclusions

Femoral neck displacement in patients treated initially with closed reduction is associated with subsequent injury to the retinaculum of Weibrecht, which may lead to FHN. Severity of injury to the retinaculum of Weibrecht may be used as a biomarker to evaluate bone necrosis in patients with femoral neck fractures.
The Apple of Kant's Ethics: i‐Maxims as the Locus of Assessment
Authors: Kahn Samuel
Published: July 2022

I want to distinguish between maxims at three levels of abstraction. At the first level are what I shall call individual maxims, or i‐maxims: maxim tokens as adopted by particular rational beings. At the second level are abstract maxims, or a‐maxims: abstract principles distinct from any individual who adopts them. At the third level are maxim kinds, or k‐maxims: sets of various action‐guiding principles that are grouped on the basis of their content. In this paper, I argue for the thesis that i‐maxims are the locus of assessment in Kant's ethics.
Ocular and Facial Far‐UVC Doses from Ceiling‐Mounted 222 nm Far‐UVC Fixtures
Authors: Duncan Michael A. , Welch David , Shuryak Igor , Brenner David J.
Published: July 2022

Far‐UVC radiation, defined in this paper as ultraviolet (UV) radiation with wavelengths from 200 to 235 nm, is a promising tool to help prevent the spread of disease. The unique advantage of far‐UVC technology over traditional UV germicidal irradiation lies in the potential for direct application of far‐UVC into occupied spaces since antimicrobial doses of far‐UVC are significantly below the recommended daily safe exposure limits. This study used a ceiling‐mounted far‐UVC fixture emitting at 222 nm to directly irradiate an indoor space and then evaluated the doses received upon a manikin. Radiation‐sensitive film was affixed to the head, nose, lip and eyes of the manikin, and the 8‐h equivalent exposure dose was determined. Variables examined included manikin height (sitting or standing position), manikin offset from directly below the fixture, tilt of the manikin, the addition of glasses, the addition of hair and different anatomical feature sizes. Importantly, at the manikin position with the highest dose to eyes, the average eye dose was only 5.8% of the maximum directly measured dose. These results provide the first experimental analysis of possible exposure doses a human would experience from an indoor far‐UVC installation.
Neural sensitivity to faces is increased by immersion into a novel ethnic environment: Evidence from ERPs
Authors: Ma Xiaoli , Modersitzki Nick , Maurer Urs , Sommer Werner
Published: July 2022

Previous reports suggest that East‐Asians may show larger face‐elicited N170 components in the ERP as compared to Caucasian participants. Since the N170 can be modulated by perceptual expertise, such group differences may be accounted for by differential experience, for example, with logographic versus alphabetic scripts (script system hypothesis) or by exposure to abundant novel faces during the immersion into a new social and/or ethnic environment (social immersion hypothesis). We conducted experiments in Hong Kong and Berlin, recording ERPs in a series of one‐back tasks, using same‐ and other‐ethnicity face stimuli in upright and inverted orientation and doodle stimuli. In Hong Kong we tested local Chinese residents and foreign guest students who could not read the logographic script; in Berlin we tested German residents who could not read the logographic script and foreign Chinese visitors. In both experiments, we found significantly larger N170 amplitudes to faces, regardless of ethnicity, in the foreign than in the local groups. Moreover, this effect did not depend on stimulus orientation, suggesting that the N170 group differences do not reflect differences in configural visual processing. A group of short‐term German residents in Berlin did not differ in N170 amplitude from long‐term residents. Together, these findings indicate that the extensive confrontation with novel other‐ethnicity faces during immersion in a foreign culture may enhance the neural response to faces, reflecting the short‐term plasticity of the underlying neural system.
Using multisession tDCS stimulation as an early intervention on memory bias processing in subthreshold depression
Authors: Liu Chialun , Xie Yunlu , Hao Yaru , Zhang Wei , Yang Lizhuang , Bu Junjie , Wei Zhengde , Wu Haiyan , Pescetelli Niccolo' , Zhang Xiaochu
Published: July 2022

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as an intervention tool has gained promising results in major depression disorder. However, studies related to subthreshold depression's (SD) cognitive deficits and neuromodulation approaches for the treatment of SD are still rare. We adopted Beck's cognitive model of depression and tested the tDCS stimulation effects on attentional and memory deficits on SD. First, this was a single‐blinded, randomized, sham‐controlled clinical trial to determine a 13‐day tDCS modulation effect on 49 SD (27: Stimulation; 22: Sham) and 17 healthy controls. Second, the intervention effects of the consecutive and single‐session tDCS were compared. Furthermore, the attentional and memory biases were explored in SD. Anodal tDCS was administrated over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 13 consecutive days. Attentional and memory bias were assessed through a modified Sternberg task and a dot‐probe task on the 1st, 2nd, and 15th day while their EEG was being recorded. After the 13‐day tDCS stimulation (not after single‐session stimulation), we found reduced memory bias (Stimulation vs. Sham, p = .02, r2 = .09) and decreased mid‐frontal alpha power (p < .01, r2 = .13). In contrast, tDCS did not affect any attentional related behavioral or neural indexes (all ps > .15). Finally, reduced depressive symptoms (e.g., BDI score) were found for both groups. The criteria of SD varied across studies; the efficacy of this protocol should be tested in elderly patients. Our study suggests memory bias of SD can be modulated by the multisession tDCS and alpha power could serve as a neural index for intervention.
Coinhibition: A self Q&A
Authors: Sinclair Nicholas R. StC
Published: July 2022

There are two approaches to scientific investigation, the common approach (proving one’s theory) and Popper’s approach (falsification of one’s theories). Popper’s approach has advantages as well as dangers (being perceived as not sure of one’s theories, or even be hostile to them—an ‘auto‐traitor’). Nevertheless, the Popper approach can bridge the gap between inhibition (directly observable) and inhibitory regulation (not directly observable). Suppression of immune responses by antigen‐specific antibody has led to theories regarding immunoregulation by immune products. There are many immune products capable of regulating immune responses. The inhibitory outcomes of this regulation have been called coinhibition and immune checkpoint inhibition. Coinhibition should be used when regulation begins at the cell surface or in the cell cytoplasm, which opens up the possibility of antigen‐specific regulation. Immune checkpoint inhibition should be used when the initiating inhibitory event occurs in the nucleus, such as by directly affecting the cell cycle, where the concept of antigen‐specific regulation is more difficult to invoke. These forms of immunoregulation could be corrupted by viral infections, such as in COVID‐19 infections.
Sensitivity Analysis and Bayesian Calibration of a Holmquist-Johnson-Cook Material Model for Cellular Concrete Subjected to Impact Loading
Authors: Davis Brad , Langone Gregory , Reisweber Nicholas
Published: July 2022

Periodic updates to small caliber weapon systems and projectiles used in military and law enforcement have resulted in consistently increasing material penetration capabilities. With each new generation, ballistics technology outpaces the lifecycle replacement of live-fire training facilities. For this reason, it is necessary to develop and maintain constitutive material models for use in analyzing the effects new threats will have on existing facilities and for designing new training facilities using numerical methods. This project utilizes material testing data to characterize cellular concretes used in the construction of live-fire training facilities with a 13-parameter Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) concrete constitutive model. Various statistical tools are used in this analysis to successfully describe the importance of each model parameter and quantify their uncertainty. First, Bayesian linear regression was used to calibrate the parameters in the strength and pressure components of the HJC material model given testing data of cellular concrete. These uncertain parameters were then used to construct computer simulations of penetration and perforation experiments that were previously conducted by Collard and Lanham. Then, Latin Hypercube Sampling of the parameter space was used to generate training data for a Gaussian Process surrogate model of the computer simulation. Using the surrogate model, a global variance-based sensitivity analysis of the material model was completed by computing main and total effect Sobol indices. Finally, a Bayesian calibration of the computer simulation based on the physical experiments was conducted to fully characterize the stochastic behavior of the material subjected to perforation impacts. These approaches can be used to inform decision makers about the potential risk associated with existing facilities and by designers of future live fire training facilities.
Linking Material Models Between Codes: Establishing Thermodynamic Consistency
Authors: Budzien Joanne , Byerly James , Aulwes Rob , Garimella Rao , Herring Angela , Woodring Jon
Published: July 2022

One increasingly important workflow for multiphysics simulations is linking simulation codes that have different physics models and different regimes for which they have been optimized. The science question for this scoping work was evaluating the compatibility of physics models on both sides of a link to ensure a smooth simulation continuation was possible. The VVUQ aspects were establishing the most important physics aspects for a credible simulation. The most important aspect was determined to be thermodynamic consistency such that nothing unphysical would be encountered during the simulation. The second most important aspect is ensuring adequate handling of mechanical deformation.

The specific problem was driving a Taylor cylinder into an infinitely hard wall. The material was cerium, which has a complicated enough phase diagram to show some interesting thermodynamic behavior during the deformation. The main software involved is Abaqus for the initial simulation, Zelda (a LANL code) for linking, and FLAG (a LANL Lagrangian finite volume code).

The basic process is using nominally the same material models in both Abaqus and FLAG to:

• perform a calculation in Abaqus

• output an ODB file from Abaqus with fields (e.g., density, stress)

• use Zelda to extract fields and remap them onto a new mesh suitable for FLAG

• continue the simulation in FLAG

The remapping of fields onto the new mesh is a negligible source of error. Thermodynamic consistency is a much larger source of overall error and can be large enough to prevent initialization in the receiving code. The situation arises because of the way that the two codes treat different fields. Both codes have interpolation processes for evaluating the thermodynamics. Differences in which variable is primary and which is interpolated lead to numerical errors that can be irrelevant in one code and unusably large in the other code.

This paper will explain the VVUQ issues in linking the codes, even with nominally the same material models, and propose some activities to answer some important VVUQ questions.
Burnout in Secondary School Athletic Trainers, Part I: Correlations With Situational Variables
Authors: Oglesby Leslie W. , Gallucci Andrew R. , Porter Anna K. , Elliott Ashlyne P.
Published: July 2022

Burnout is a psychological syndrome that is found at higher rates in health care professionals, including athletic trainers. Situational variables such as social support, salary, work–family conflict, and workload have been associated with burnout in collegiate athletic trainers. The purpose of this study was to see whether such relationships exist within a sample of secondary school athletic trainers. Analyses suggest that increases in work–family conflict and decreases in social support were significantly correlated with increased burnout in our sample. These findings suggest that modification of work–life balance and support network are more important in combating burnout than modification of workload or salary.
Sex Differences in Physiological Determinants of Performance in Elite Adolescent, Junior, and Senior Cross-Country Skiers
Authors: Sollie Ove , Losnegard Thomas
Published: July 2022

Purpose: To compare sex differences in physiological determinants of skiing performance in elite adolescent, junior, and senior cross-country skiers matched for within-age-group performance level. Methods: Eight male and 12 female adolescent (15 [1] y), 8 male and 7 female junior (18 [1] y), and 7 male and 6 female senior (28 [5] y) skiers participated. Gross efficiency was calculated during submaximal uphill treadmill roller skiing (approximately 84% of peak oxygen uptake []) using the G2 ski-skating technique. Distance covered, , and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit were established from a 3-minute time-trial. Fifteen-second maximal skiing power was calculated from an incremental treadmill speed test. Finally, upper- and lower-body maximal strength tests were conducted. Results: The 3-minute time-trial distance and maximal skiing power were, respectively, 23% and 15% (adolescent), 24% and 19% (junior), and 17% and 14% (senior) greater for men than women (all groups, P ≤ .01, effect size [ES] = 2.43–4.18; very large). relative to body mass was 17% (adolescent, P = .002, ES = 1.66, large), 21% (junior, P < .01, ES = 2.60, very large), and 19% (senior, P < .01, ES = 2.35, very large) greater for men than women. The within-age-group sex differences in gross efficiency, relative accumulated oxygen deficit, and strength were not significant, with the exception of greater lower-body strength in male than female juniors (P = .01, ES = 1.26, large). Conclusion: The within-age-group sex difference in skiing performance is of similar magnitude for adolescent, junior, and senior skiers. This difference can likely be attributed to the large to very large sex difference in within all age-groups.
Exploring the Effects of a Context Personalization Approach in Physical Education on Students’ Interests and Perceived Competence
Authors: Roure Cédric , Pasco Denis
Published: July 2022

Purpose: The context personalization approach refers to matching educational content with characters, objects, and themes of students’ out-of-school interests. Considering the positive effects of individual interest on the regulation of student-in-context experiences, this study used the context personalization approach to match physical education (PE) lessons with students’ out-of-school interest for video games. The purpose was to explore the effects of a context personalization approach through a gamified PE unit on students’ interests and perceived competence. Method: One hundred and eighty-four students from eight PE classes were allocated to either an experimental group or a control group. All classes experienced a handball unit (six lessons), inspired by the Games-Centered Approach. The only difference between the experimental classes (N = 5) and the control classes (N = 3) was the presence or the absence of a context personalization approach centered on students’ out-of-school interest for video games. The effects were assessed on three outcomes variables: students’ individual interest, situational interest, and perceived competence. Results: The gamified PE unit resulted in positive effects on students’ individual interest, situational interest, and perceived competence in handball, since the experimental classes reported higher scores for all variables compared to the control classes. However, the effects on students’ situational interest were principally moderated by students’ individual interest, indicating that the effect of the context personalization approach was higher for the students having low preintervention individual interest. Discussion/Conclusion: Using a context personalization approach based on a gamified unit is a promising strategy in PE to impact students’ interests and perceived competence.
ACE2-binding exposes the SARS-CoV-2 fusion peptide to broadly neutralizing coronavirus antibodies
Authors: Low Jun Siong , Jerak Josipa , Tortorici M. Alejandra , McCallum Matthew , Pinto Dora , Cassotta Antonino , Foglierini Mathilde , Mele Federico , Abdelnabi Rana , Weynand Birgit , Noack Julia , Montiel-Ruiz Martin , Bianchi Siro , Benigni Fabio , Sprugasci Nicole , Joshi Anshu , Bowen John E. , Stewart Cameron , Rexhepaj Megi , Walls Alexandra C. , Jarrossay David , Morone Diego , Paparoditis Philipp , Garzoni Christian , Ferrari Paolo , Ceschi Alessandro , Neyts Johan , Purcell Lisa A. , Snell Gyorgy , Corti Davide , Lanzavecchia Antonio , Veesler David , Sallusto Federica
Published: July 2022

The coronavirus spike glycoprotein attaches to host receptors and mediates viral fusion. Using a broad screening approach, we isolated seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to all human-infecting coronavirus spike proteins from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immune donors. These mAbs recognize the fusion peptide and acquire affinity and breadth through somatic mutations. Despite targeting a conserved motif, only some mAbs show broad neutralizing activity in vitro against alpha- and betacoronaviruses, including animal coronaviruses WIV-1 and PDF-2180. Two selected mAbs also neutralize Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 authentic viruses and reduce viral burden and pathology in vivo. Structural and functional analyses showed that the fusion peptide–specific mAbs bound with different modalities to a cryptic epitope hidden in prefusion stabilized spike, which became exposed upon binding of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) or ACE2-mimicking mAbs.
Exploiting the Type I-B CRISPR Genome Editing System in Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense SCUT27 and Engineering the Strain for Enhanced Ethanol Production
Authors: Dai Kaiqun , Fu Hongxin , Guo Xiaolong , Qu Chunyun , Lan Yang , Wang Jufang
Published: July 2022

Thermophilic microbes have attracted great attention as potential candidates for production of biofuels and chemicals from lignocellulose because of their thermal tolerance and wide substrate spectra. The ability to edit multiple genes using the native type I-B CRISPR/Cas system would speed up engineering of
Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense
strain SCUT27 for higher ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Activity and Cephalosporin Resistance in Escherichia coli from U.S. Mid-Atlantic Surface and Reclaimed Water
Authors: Solaiman Sultana , Handy Eric , Brinks Taylor , Goon Kasey , Bollinger Chris , Sapkota Amy R. , Sharma Manan , Micallef Shirley A.
Published: July 2022

Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria, that are resistant to a broad range of antimicrobial agents, are spreading in the environment but data remain scarce. ESBL-producing
Escherichia coli
infections in the community are on the rise.
Chitin-Active Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases Are Rare in
Cellulomonas
Species
Authors: Li James , Goddard-Borger Ethan D. , Raji Olanrewaju , Saxena Hirak , Solhi Laleh , Mathieu Yann , Master Emma R. , Wakarchuk Warren W. , Brumer Harry
Published: July 2022

Species from the genus
Cellulomonas
have a long history of study due to their roles in biomass recycling in nature and corresponding potential as sources of enzymes for biotechnological applications. Although
Cellulomonas
species are more commonly associated with the cleavage and utilization of plant cell wall polysaccharides, here, we show that
C. flavigena
produces a unique lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase with activity on β-chitin, which is found, for example, in arthropods.
Extracellular Vesicle Formation in Cryptococcus deuterogattii Impacts Fungal Virulence and Requires the
NOP16
Gene
Authors: Castelli Rafael F. , Pereira Alana , Honorato Leandro , Valdez Alessandro , de Oliveira Haroldo C. , Bazioli Jaqueline M. , Garcia Ane W. A. , Klimeck Tabata D’Maiella Freitas , Reis Flavia C. G. , Staats Charley C. , Nimrichter Leonardo , Fill Taícia P. , Rodrigues Marcio L.
Published: July 2022

Small molecules are components of fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs), but their biological roles are only superficially known.
NOP16
is a eukaryotic gene that is required for the activity of benzimidazoles against
Cryptococcus deuterogattii
. In this study, during the phenotypic characterization of
C. deuterogattii
mutants lacking
NOP16
expression, we observed that this gene was required for EV production.
Storytelling as a Tool to Enhance Conceptual Knowledge in Cell Biology
Authors: Kiselyov Kirill , Schunn Christian D.
Published: July 2022

Research in a range of disciplines shows that many undergraduate students struggle with aggregating complex knowledge components into a complete picture and incorporating research literature into the learning process. To build and improve on the practice of project-based approaches to teaching cell biology, we transformed an undergraduate cell biology class by introducing the concept of storylines that are selected by groups of students for development throughout the semester.
Persistent Maintenance of Intermediate Memory B Cells Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination Recall Response
Authors: Pušnik Jernej , König Julia , Mai Karola , Richter Enrico , Zorn Jasmin , Proksch Hannah , Schulte Bianca , Alter Galit , Streeck Hendrik
Published: July 2022

To efficiently maintain immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection, we must first determine the durability of the immune response following infection or vaccination. Here, we demonstrated that, unlike antibodies, virus-specific memory B cells persist at high levels for at least 12 months postinfection and successfully respond to a secondary antigen challenge. Furthermore, we demonstrated that vaccination of previously infected individuals significantly boosters B cell immunity.
A Multitrait Locus Regulates Sarbecovirus Pathogenesis
Authors: Schäfer Alexandra , Leist Sarah R. , Gralinski Lisa E. , Martinez David R. , Winkler Emma S. , Okuda Kenichi , Hawkins Padraig E. , Gully Kendra L. , Graham Rachel L. , Scobey D. Trevor , Bell Timothy A. , Hock Pablo , Shaw Ginger D. , Loome Jennifer F. , Madden Emily A. , Anderson Elizabeth , Baxter Victoria K. , Taft-Benz Sharon A. , Zweigart Mark R. , May Samantha R. , Dong Stephanie , Clark Matthew , Miller Darla R. , Lynch Rachel M. , Heise Mark T. , Tisch Roland , Boucher Richard C. , Pardo Manuel de Villena Fernando , Montgomery Stephanie A. , Diamond Michael S. , Ferris Martin T. , Baric Ralph S.
Published: July 2022

Host genetic variation is an important determinant that predicts disease outcomes following infection. In the setting of highly pathogenic coronavirus infections genetic determinants underlying host susceptibility and mortality remain unclear.
Draft Genome Sequences of Pseudomonas sp. Strains MWU12-2037 and MWU12-2345, Isolated from Peat and Sandy Bog Soils in the Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts
Authors: Anasi Ayman , Soby Scott
Published: July 2022

Pseudomonas
sp. strains MWU12-2037 and MWU12-2345 were isolated from peat and sandy bog soils in wild cranberry bogs in the Cape Cod National Seashore (Massachusetts, USA) as part of a culture-dependent survey of relatively unexplored wetlands soil microbiomes. Both genomes exceeded 7 Mbp.