bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theology's Responsibility and Tasks in Today's Church and World
Authors: Doré Archbishop Joseph
Published: February 2014

[In this lecture, delivered originally at the Catholic University of America, Washington, the Archbishop of Strasbourg develops a question close to his heart, namely theology's responsibility and tasks in today's Church and world. After having enunciated as a principle the embeddedness of this responsibility in faith considered as a total entity, he then outlines the relationship between the different aspects of this faith and theology's multiple tasks. In the final section, he enumerates three formal characteristics of theology that emerge from its direct connection with faith.]
Cultures, Religions, and Power: Proclaiming Christ in the United States Today
Authors: Phan Peter C.
Published: February 2014

[The author describes three challenges that the current cultural, religious, and political contexts of the United States present to the Church's mission: cultural diversity caused by new waves of immigration, religious pluralism by the increasing presence of non-Christian religions, and political hegemony by the collapse of the Soviet Union. With insights from the experiences of the Asian churches, the author then discusses inculturation, interreligious dialogue, and liberation as constitutive dimensions of the Church's mission in the United States.]
An Ecclesiology of Groaning: Augustine, the Psalms, and the Making of Church
Authors: McCarthy Michael C.
Published: February 2014

[The author offers a new approach to Augustine's understanding of Church and exegesis by concentrating on his practice of preaching about the psalms. More than other biblical books, the psalms were conceived not principally as texts to be explained. Rather, they were the “voice of the whole Christ” that gave expression to a wide variety of experiences of the ecclesial body. The practice/performance of Augustine's preaching is itself theologically significant. Attention to the theological dynamics of his biblical interpretation not only suggests the need to revise categories of “exegesis” and “ecclesiology” when speaking about Augustine but also offers insight into a Church that continues to groan under the burden of scandal.]
Gender and the Process of Moral Development in the Thought of Paul Evdokimov
Authors: Klofft Christopher P.
Published: February 2014

[In the writings of Orthodox theologian Paul Evdokimov (1901–1970), Western theology can find new resources regarding the relationship between gender and moral development. The author presents Evdokimov's unique theological anthropology in the context of both the complicated question of gender, as well as the effects that gender has on the way women and men act. While the goal of the Christian life for both is the transformation of the individual through asceticism, the role each plays in the salvation of the world differs markedly.]
The Liturgical Functions of Consecrated Women in the Byzantine Church
Authors: Karras Valerie A.
Published: February 2014

[Although the ordained order of deaconesses vanished in the Byzantine Church, some women continued to fulfill, either informally or formally, various liturgical functions in public church life. The author examines1 the art-historical and textual evidence of three groups of women: noblewomen who participated as incense-bearers in a weekly procession in Constantinople; matrons who helped organize and keep order in a monastic church open to the public in Constantinople; and the possibly ordained order of myrrhbearers in the Church of Jerusalem.]
Feminism and the Vatican
Authors: Vacek Edward Collins
Published: February 2014

[The recent “Letter on the Collaboration of Men and Women” (2004) published by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith continues Pope John Paul II's strong affirmation of women in church teaching, but also unfairly critiques two forms of feminism. Contemporary philosophical and theological feminist reflection on both equality and difference suggests a better, dialectical approach that requires women's full participation in Church and society, encourages what is special to the “genius of women,” and overcomes what is unacceptable in “complementarity.”]
The Ministerial Priesthood and Liturgical Anamnesis in the Thought of Edward J. Kilmartin, S.J.
Authors: Hahnenberg Edward P.
Published: February 2014

[The article explores the possibilities for a constructive theology of priesthood drawn from the work of Edward J. Kilmartin, S.J. (1923–1994). Placing Kilmartin's direct treatment of church office within the context of his larger theological project, the author names the unstated thesis guiding Kilmartin's approach: the ministerial priesthood serves the memory of Christ. The article concludes that Kilmartin's understanding invites reflection on the ministerial priesthood in light of Jesus' life, pneumatology, faith, and the category of priesthood itself.]
Bodily Resurrection and the Dialectic of Spirit and Matter
Authors: Bracken Joseph A.
Published: February 2014

[Christian belief in bodily resurrection is implicitly challenged by contemporary natural science with its empirical evidence for the interdependence of mental and bodily functions and their effective cessation at the moment of death. The author argues that only a new philosophical understanding of the relation between spirit and matter in which neither is intelligible without the other can render the notion of resurrection rationally plausible to scientists and offer new possibilities to theologians for explaining both eternal life and the new creation predicted in Revelation 21:1.]
Reply to Professors Paris, Keenan, and Himes
Authors: Shannon Thomas A. , Walter James J.
Published: February 2014

The authors suggest that their esteemed colleagues misunderstood the central argument of their Theological Studies article, which tried to make clear that, among a variety of documents written during John Paul II's papacy, four significant and unacknowledged shifts were made that cumulatively appeared to challenge, but not alter, the long-standing Catholic tradition on the use of technologies to preserve life. The authors restate that argument.
Revelation and Interiority: The Contribution of Frederick E. Crowe, S.J.
Authors: Pambrun James R.
Published: February 2014

The article invites a reconsideration of our reflection on revelation in the light of both Frederick Crowe's achievement in his Theology of the Christian Word and Vatican II's call for a pastoral and ecumenical theology. Crowe's text invites us to shift from a reflection on concepts of revelation to a reflection based on interiority. Such an approach opens new avenues for a hermeneutical reflection on revelation on behalf of ecclesial self-understanding and agency in history.
Authority, Lies, and War: Democracy and the Development of Just War Theory
Authors: Decosse David E.
Published: February 2014

The American government's use of deception in making its case for the Iraq War to the American people, argues the author, revealed a deficit in the integration of democratic ideas into Catholic conceptions of just war theory. The article places the call for the deeper integration of such ideas into Catholic thought on war and peace in the context of contemporary scholarly debate between schools of just war theory: “presumption against violence” versus “presumption for justice.”
Through a Gloss Darkly: Biblical Annotations and Theological Interpretation in Modern Catholic and Protestant English-Language Bibles
Authors: McClymond Michael J.
Published: February 2014

This article represents a first effort at characterizing the theological and interpretive functions of biblical annotations in modern Roman Catholic and Protestant Bibles. It argues that annotations are not simply subservient to their texts, but typically express a theological agenda. This became clear in the battle over annotations among Protestants and between Protestants and Catholics during the 16th and 17th centuries. It is also evident in the present examination of both Bishop Richard Challoner's annotations (1750) to the English-language Catholic Bible and the notes in the Scofield Reference Bible (1909). The article concludes with a discussion of five basic functions that biblical annotations serve.
Theological Attitudes toward the Scriptural Text: Lessons from the Qumran and Syriac Exegetical Traditions
Authors: Harkins Angela Kim
Published: February 2014

The author examines how current textual-critical views and premodern attitudes toward the scriptural text offer today's theologians helpful perspectives on the Scriptures. The Qumran and Syriac exegetical traditions provide premodern examples of how interpretive communities of faith can read the Scriptures in a way that is both attentive to their literary form and richly theological.
Remembering the Historic Jesus—A New Research Program?
Authors: Tilley Terrence W.
Published: February 2014

The article argues that a new research program is emerging, one that shifts the focus from the quests for the “historical Jesus,” a person in the past, to recovering the “historic Jesus,” the person remembered by his followers. It finds that Jesus' historic significance is and should be the center of Jesus research. It argues that the works of Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza, James D. G. Dunn, and Larry Hurtado are key contributions that indicate the shape of this research program.
Images of God and the Imitation of God: Problems with Atonement
Authors: Daly Robert J.
Published: February 2014

Overly logical applications of some of Paul's metaphors have led to widely accepted atonement theories that, because they project human legalistic and transactional thinking onto the image of God, have been egregiously contradictory to an authentic trinitarian and incarnational view of sacrifice and atonement. The Eastern emphasis on apophatic theology and theosis coupled with the Western development of and confidence in historical critical analysis suggest ways in which theologians can come to a better understanding of these issues.
The Politics of Radical Orthodoxy: A Catholic Critique
Authors: Doak Mary
Published: February 2014

This article critically analyzes the three distinct forms of political ecclesiology thus far developed by the Radical Orthodoxy movement. William Cavanaugh and Daniel Bell, on the one hand, and Graham Ward, on the other, proffer models that resolve in different ways the contradictions of John Milbank's affirmation that peace amid diversity is possible only within the church (i.e., in the absence of significant religious diversity). While Cavanaugh and Bell share Milbank's rejection of Vatican II's approach, Ward's “critical engagement” is (surprisingly) consistent with the conciliar position.
Homo Theologicus: Toward a Reflexive Theology (with the Help of Pierre Bourdieu)
Authors: Sanks T. Howland
Published: February 2014

The current conflictual situation of theology can be understood from a sociological perspective using the work of Pierre Bourdieu on the relationships of power in a given field. The article intends to help theologians be more reflexive about their task of interpreting the Christian symbol system.
Spirituality and Citizenship: Sacramentality in a Parable
Authors: Stoddart Eric
Published: February 2014

The author finds resonance between the hitherto largely unrelated discourses of spirituality and citizenship. Drawing on Rahner's transcendental anthropology and Moltmann's sacramental theology of history, he proposes a spirituality that emphasizes the anonymous action of the Holy Spirit within a strong Christology. This proposal embraces the Social Quality model of citizenship and integrates Chantal Mouffe's notion of Radical Democracy. This model, with its emphasis on individuals' self-realization and their formation of collective identities in a social context, conceptually bridges the domains of spirituality and citizenship without sacrificing the integrity of either.
Interpreting Vatican II: “A New Pentecost”
Authors: Hughson Thomas
Published: February 2014

Pope John XXIII's prayerful phrase “a new Pentecost” linked Vatican II with the Holy Spirit and has interpretative potential. It focuses the pneumatological dimensions of the epochal event and documents. The article considers Pentecost in the constitution of the church, emphasizes the pneumatological difference, underlines the finality of Vatican II toward renewal in the church's (now dialogical) mission, and concludes to a completeness in the council.
When “Meats are like Medicines”: Vitoria and Lessius on the Role of Food in the Duty to Preserve Life
Authors: Fleming Julia
Published: February 2014

Early Modern theologians Francisco de Vitoria and Leonardus Lessius analyzed the nature and limits of the obligation to preserve one's life through the use of food. Vitoria described the ethical foundations of and the circumstances that might limit such an obligation, while Lessius argued for a virtuous approach to nutrition that eschewed both indifference and excessive concern. Their analyses raise significant questions for contemporary moral theology concerning the scope and difficulties of nutritional ethics.
Quaestio Disputata the Meaning of Subsistit in as Explained by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
Authors: Sullivan Francis A.
Published: February 2014

Much discussed since Vatican II is the question whether, in making the change from saying that the church of Christ is the Catholic Church to saying that it subsists in it, the council intended no longer to claim strict identity between the church of Christ and the Catholic Church. Francis Sullivan discusses the explanations of “subsists in” provided in recent documents from the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
Environmental Ethics
Authors: Cowdin Daniel
Published: February 2014

Catholicism, with other religions, continues the critical grounding of ecological concern within its tradition. Contemporary theologians offer varying approaches to environmental ethics, from ecologically sensitive Christian humanism to a more radical repositioning of the human person within a creation charged with inherent value. A common emphasis is the connection between ecological damage and social justice. Although specific norms have been difficult to formulate, this partial gap has been filled by strong contributions using esthetic, spiritual, and narrative approaches.
De Lubac and Lonergan on the Supernatural
Authors: Moloney Raymond
Published: February 2014

The author argues that Bernard Lonergan's work provides a useful foil for reconsidering the position of Henri de Lubac on the relationship between natural and supernatural. Lonergan agrees with the basic thrust of de Lubac's position, but the Canadian's approach to the interlocking of his thought on God with his analysis of human consciousness and history enables him to give a distinctive account of the issue.
Homosexuality and the Counsel of the Cross: A Clarification
Authors: Crowley Paul G.
Published: February 2014

The September 2004 issue of this journal carried the author's article entitled “Homosexuality and the Counsel of the Cross.” The Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) asked for a contextualization that would address the theological and anthropological foundations of the Catholic Church's teaching, demonstrate the reasonableness of its doctrine on homosexuality, and connect his reflections to that doctrine. Herewith is the author's response.
How Can Social Psychology and Group Dynamics Assist in Curriculum Development?
Authors: Chin Jeffrey , May Matthew , Sullivan-Chin Honora , Woodrick Kaylyn
Published: February 2014

This article discusses some of the challenges departments face as they embark on curriculum development. The interpersonal dynamics of a department are often the first and most difficult obstacle to overcome but are often overlooked. The author suggests some strategies for how to address these issues as they arise.
From Amate Paper Making to Global Work
Authors: D’Aubeterre Buznego María Eugenia , Rivermar Pérez María Leticia
Published: February 2014

San Pablito Pahuatlán, an Otomí village known for its intensive production of amate paper, is at the center of a migratory corridor extending from southeastern Hidalgo to the northwestern part of the Sierra Norte de Puebla. The migration of San Pablito inhabitants first to southern Texas and then to North Carolina can be seen as a response to two local processes—the regional crisis of coffee production and the contraction of the labor market in the metropolitan area of Mexico City—and to the transnationalization of labor markets through the migration of Mexicans to the United States. This movement has had crucial effects on the division of community and family labor, separating the cost of maintaining the workforce (supported by young men subject to transnational capital) from the cost of workforce reproduction (undertaken by women as mothers, wives, and artisans).

San Pablito Pahuatlán, pueblo otomí reconocido por la producción intensiva de papel amate, es en nuestros días un nodo de un corredor migratorio que se extiende en la confluencia del sureste del estado de Hidalgo y la parte noroccidental de la Sierra Norte de Puebla. La migración de los sanpablitos, primero hacia el sur de Texas y después a Carolina del Norte, es analizada en este trabajo como respuesta a dos procesos locales—la pérdida de viabilidad de la cafeticultura en la región y la contracción del mercado laboral en la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México—y, asimismo, como expresión de la transnacionalización de los mercados laborales vía los movimientos poblacionales de mexicanos a Estados Unidos. Estas transiciones han tenido efectos cruciales en la división del trabajo comunitario y familiar, separando los costos de mantenimiento de la fuerza de trabajo (solventados por jóvenes trabajadores subordinados al capital transnacional) de los costos de reproducción de la mano de obra (llevados a cuestas por mujeres madres-esposas-artesanas).
Healthcare failure mode effect analysis of a miniaturized extracorporeal bypass circuit
Authors: Overdevest EP , van Hees JWH , Lagerburg V , Kloeze C , van Straten AHM
Published: February 2014

Background:

The introduction of new and more advanced technology in healthcare occurs with an increasing speed. Therefore, more attention is needed for safety evaluation of new devices or techniques from an end-user perspective, especially when (inter-) national perfusion safety standards are lacking. A recently increased awareness of the safety risks as a consequence of technical or human error has provoked interest in optimisation of perfusion methodology and devices. To prevent or reduce the severity or likelihood of failures of new technology, ‘failure mode effect analysis’ is a proven proactive technique. When it is used as a qualitative analysis for possible hazards in patient treatment associated with the use of medical devices, it’s called healthcare failure mode effect analysis (hFMEA).

Methods:

To evaluate the safety of the Extra Corporeal Circulation Optimized (ECCO, Sorin Group, Mirandola, Italy) miniaturized bypass circuit, hFMEA was used. A multi disciplinary team that consisted of two clinical perfusionists, a clinical physicist, a clinical physicist trainee and a technician has performed this analysis.

Results:

The hFMEA demonstrated that failure of the bubble sensor for the electric remote clamping system on the arterial line (Figure 1), activated by air passing the venous bubble trap, had the highest risk score of all failure modes. This has led to the implementation of an extra low-level sensor in the system to prevent air passing through into the centrifugal pump. The hFMEA has also indicated that extra individual simulation training is needed for handling critical failures during the use of the miniature bypass system.

Conclusion:

Early identification of possible technology failures in any process or device can avoid adverse patient outcomes. The technique of hFMEA is a valuable tool in evaluating the use of high-risk apparatus, such as an extracorporeal bypass system, in patient treatment in order to increase patient safety.
Microcredit and Metaphors in Subsistence Markets
Authors: Elliot Esi Abbam , Cherian Joseph , Elaydi Raed
Published: February 2014

This study investigates metaphors used in the marketplace when providing microcredit to micro and small enterprises (MSEs). Metaphors are associations between abstract concepts and tangible things, wherein the former is understood and even experienced in terms of the latter. This study culls metaphors from interviews with managers of microfinance institutions (MFIs) and their MSE customers and shows widespread use of metaphors by both groups. Three metaphoric themes emerged during the interviews: (1) love and war; (2) freedom and servitude; and (3) life and death. The widespread use of metaphors provides strong implications for communication in subsistence markets. Specifically, MFIs should intentionally use metaphors to compensate for MSEs’ lack of business and financial literacy. The prevalence of metaphors in MFI-MSE conversations also suggests possibilities for consumer education in subsistence markets, thus contributing to research on macromarketing.
Sustainability and human health issues pertinent to fibre reinforced polymer composites usage: A review
Authors: Zaman Asif uz , Gutub Saud A , Soliman Mohamed F , Wafa Mahmoud A
Published: February 2014

The specific properties of fibre reinforced polymers give them a lot of advantages over traditional materials but the long life of polymeric composites poses serious environmental threats raising sustainability concerns. The other issue of importance concerning the innovators and environmentalists in the mass usage of this material is its health impacts on human beings. This paper thus attempts to highlight and surface out the issues related to fibre reinforced polymers’ sustainability and their health impacts on human beings, by reviewing past studies on the subject, to examine critically the extensive body of published data, prior observations and ideas on the subject in order to identify and analyse those features that are intrinsic and unique to fibre reinforced polymers. This would thus serve as a conceptual model for future research on fibre reinforced polymer composites sustainability and health concerns.
A Review of Research on Universal Design Educational Models
Authors: Rao Kavita , Ok Min Wook , Bryant Brian R.
Published: February 2014

Universal design for learning (UDL) has gained considerable attention in the field of special education, acclaimed for its promise to promote inclusion by supporting access to the general curriculum. In addition to UDL, there are two other universal design (UD) educational models referenced in the literature, universal design of instruction (UDI) and universal instructional design (UID). This descriptive review of 13 research studies conducted in pre-K–12 and post-secondary settings examined how researchers are applying and evaluating UD in educational settings. Results of the review illustrated that studies use a range of research designs to examine student outcomes and participant perceptions of UD-based curriculum and instruction. Researchers report on their application of UD principles in varied ways, with no standard formats for describing how UD is used. Based on results of the review, we provide recommendations to help establish a meaningful research base on the validity of UD in education.
From Core to Consumer
Authors: Dupont Tyler
Published: February 2014

In this article, I explore the characteristics of the informal social hierarchy within the skateboard subculture as well as how the elite members maintain their power and status within the subculture. Drawing from Fox’s detailed mapping of the punk subculture and Thornton’s reworking of Bourdieu’s cultural capital, I investigate how skateboarders distinguish themselves from the “mainstream” and from one another. The informal social hierarchy of skateboarding is a continuum that stretches from the outsiders to the core, and various identities mark distinctive statuses or levels of “authenticity” along this continuum. Focusing on how one gains status within the subculture, I argue that through socialization elite skateboarders are able to reproduce beyond their finite numbers, reproduce the dominant understanding of “authenticity,” and maintain the current hierarchical structure within the subculture.
I Want Him Locked Up
Authors: Richardson Joseph B. , Johnson Waldo E. , St. Vil Christopher
Published: February 2014

An impressive array of literature acknowledges the role of family members, friends, neighbors, and community institutions as rich resources of social capital which poor African American parents utilize in the collective socialization of their children. How parents access, mobilize, and deploy family and community-based social capital in resource-deprived communities for the social benefit of their children has been well documented. Yet, little is known about the challenges poor parents face raising troubled youth, particularly African American boys, when they are unable to generate social capital within their social network of family members, friends, neighbors, and community institutions to assist with raising their children. How do low-income African American parents raise troubled youth in disadvantaged communities when there are few resources of social support to draw upon? What strategies do parents use when they have exhausted and depleted their social capital? Drawing on three years of ethnographic field observations and multiple in-depth interviews with parents of pre-delinquent African American boys, this article examines how African American parents living in an impoverished African American community in New York City rely on the juvenile justice system, particularly juvenile confinement, as a parenting strategy. The findings suggest the need for alternatives to juvenile confinement and additional social support resources that can assist parents with parenting troubled youth.
From Action to Abstraction
Authors: Novack Miriam A. , Congdon Eliza L. , Hemani-Lopez Naureen , Goldin-Meadow Susan
Published: February 2014

Previous research has shown that children benefit from gesturing during math instruction. We asked whether gesturing promotes learning because it is itself a physical action, or because it uses physical action to represent abstract ideas. To address this question, we taught third-grade children a strategy for solving mathematical-equivalence problems that was instantiated in one of three ways: (a) in a physical action children performed on objects, (b) in a concrete gesture miming that action, or (c) in an abstract gesture. All three types of hand movements helped children learn how to solve the problems on which they were trained. However, only gesture led to success on problems that required generalizing the knowledge gained. The results provide the first evidence that gesture promotes transfer of knowledge better than direct action on objects and suggest that the beneficial effects gesture has on learning may reside in the features that differentiate it from action.
A case of hyperpigmentation and acanthosis nigricans by testosterone injections
Authors: Karadag AS , Kavala M , Demir FT , Turkoğlu Z , Kartal İ , Zemheri E
Published: February 2014

Drug-related skin disorders may occur in many different ways. Despite pigmentary changes being less important for morbidity, these changes precipitate depressed mood and reduce self-confidence. Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group and primarily used for the treatment of hypogonadism in males. Testosterone replacement can cause skin problems like acne, hair loss, redness, pain, or infection at the injection site.

The study was conducted on a 49-year-old man with adult onset idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, which is an acquired form of isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency. He was presented with lack of energy and decreased sexual function 10 years ago and was given an oil-based injectable blend of four esterized testosterone compounds as hormone replacement treatment in a urology polyclinic. He was referred to our polyclinic by endocrinologist because of progressive hyperpigmentation marked on his face and oral mucosa. In the present study, we report the first testosterone therapy-related facial and oral mucosal hyperpigmentation and acanthosis nigricans in the same patient.
Are business associations involved in regional politics? Evidence from Spain and the United Kingdom
Authors: Medina Iván
Published: February 2014

Past studies of business associations conducted in the late 1980s indicated that employers were reluctant to support devolution due to economic fears and political uncertainties. However, profound changes have altered the dominant economic and political paradigms over the course of the last three decades. Regional innovation has become a linchpin for competitive economies, whereas secession has become a skyrocketing political issue in Catalonia and Scotland, and a number of regional agencies have been settled throughout Europe, even in unitary states. Have business associations adapted to this new reality? This article examines 18 regional business associations from three Spanish regions (Catalonia, Andalusia and the Valencian Community) and three UK regions (Scotland, Wales and South West England). The first part of the article discusses six theoretical arguments linking business associations and regionalism. A general overview of the cases is offered in the second section. The third section of the article performs a fuzzy sets/Qualitative Comparative Analysis to identify the main factors that bolster the regionalisation of business associations. By way of conclusion, there are two routes towards successful regional business mobilisation. On the one hand, this happens in regions where a competent institutional arrangement has been established. On the other hand, this also happens when business associations recognise the economic and political strengths of the region while they are able to interact with regional institutions.
Wind tunnel testing of the fish bone active camber morphing concept
Authors: Woods Benjamin KS , Bilgen Onur , Friswell Michael I
Published: February 2014

This work presents comparative experimental investigations into the aerodynamics of the recently proposed Fish Bone Active Camber morphing structure. This novel, biologically inspired concept consists of four main elements: a compliant skeletal core, a pre-tensioned elastomeric matrix composite skin, an antagonistic pair of tendons coupled to a non-backdriveable spooling pulley as the driving mechanism, and a non-morphing main spar. The Fish Bone Active Camber concept is capable of generating large changes in airfoil camber and is therefore proposed as a high-authority morphing solution for fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, wind turbines, tidal stream turbines, and tilt-rotors. This testing compares a baseline airfoil employing a conventional trailing edge flap to a continuous morphing trailing edge using the Fish Bone Active Camber concept. Testing is performed in the low-speed wind tunnel at Swansea University over a range of camber deformations and angles of attack. Both approaches are capable of generating similar levels of lift coefficient; however, comparison of the drag results shows a significant reduction for the Fish Bone Active Camber geometry. While purely two-dimensional flow was not achieved due to restrictions of the tunnel, the two airfoils operated in similar flow environments, allowing for a direct comparison between the two. Over the range of angles of attack typically used in fixed and rotary wing applications, improvements in the maximum obtainable lift-to-drag ratio on the order of 20%–25% are shown.
A two-dimensional micromechanical damage-healing model on microcrack-induced damage for microcapsule-enabled self-healing cementitious composites under tensile loading
Authors: Zhu Hehua , Zhou Shuai , Yan Zhiguo , Ju J Woody , Chen Qing
Published: February 2014

Concretes with micro-encapsulated healing agents are very appealing due to the advantages of self-healing and the potential for controllable quantifiable healing on a large scale with little initial damage. Based on experimental observation and Taylor's model, a two-dimensional micromechanical damage-healing model of microcapsule-enabled self-healing cementitious materials under tensile loading has been proposed. The healing effect on microcrack-induced damage can now be predicted quantitatively by its microscopic healing mechanism. The kinetic equations of damage-healing evolution and the formulations of compliance after healing are developed. Subsequently, simple and efficient numerical simulations are presented and different system parameters of microcapsule-enabled self-healing concretes, such as the radius and volume fraction of microcapsules, fracture toughness of healing agents and initial damage degree, are investigated. In particular, the proposed micromechanical damage-healing model demonstrates the potential capability to explain and simulate the physical behavior of microcapsule-enabled self-healing materials on the mesoscale.
Mullins damage effect on rubber products with residual strain
Authors: Luo Robert Keqi
Published: February 2014

In industry, the important design parameters of rubber products are currently based on only the loading part of loading–unloading histories, e.g. load–deflection and the fatigue requirement. Rubber-like materials exhibit an appreciable change in their mechanical properties during the loading–unloading process, especially in the first few cycles from a virgin state. There is neither a universally well-defined approach to evaluate the Mullins damage effect on design aspects in industry, nor a reliable criterion to evaluate it for rubber products. An approach based on rebound energy (resilience) change is proposed to predict the Mullins damage effect with residual strain. A rubber product, manufactured in industry, was selected for experiment and verification. A Mullins indicator, in term of the maximum loading forces over the accumulated residual deflections over the loading–unloading cycles, is proposed for a criterion to evaluate the Mullins damage effect. It is indicated that the first loading–unloading cycle removes the Mullins effect by approximately 80% and a typical three loading–unloading cycles in industrial practice can remove Mullins effect by approximately 94%. More than three loading–unloading cycles are suggested to reach a state for achieving the required accuracy on smaller tolerance of design parameters. The proposed approach provides the reliable prediction on the first loading–unloading and subsequent reloading–unloading cycles, and can be used for engineering design and industrial applications. Nevertheless, the proposed approach should be further verified using more industrial cases.
Diagnosing Chronic Diastasis of the Syndesmosis
Authors: Malhotra Gautam , Cameron James , Toolan Brian C.
Published: February 2014

Background:

Chronic diastasis of the syndesmosis has been recognized as a cause of persistent pain and dysfunction after a rotational ankle injury. Recently, there has been an increased effort to define the use of computed tomography (CT) imaging in making this diagnosis; however, no clear consensus has been reached on the best way to assess the anatomical integrity of the syndesmosis. In this retrospective case series, we have evaluated the diagnostic capability of 2 novel CT-based measurements.

Methods:

Fourteen patients with symptomatic syndesmotic instability received a bilateral ankle CT scan. Two measurements were performed. The first measurement was the angle subtended by 2 lines drawn tangent to the anterior and posterior surfaces of the distal tibia and lateral malleolus 1 cm above the talar dome. The second measurement was the area bound by these lines, the lateral tibia and the medial aspect of the lateral malleolus. The injured and contralateral sides were compared using a Wilcoxon rank sum test with a significance set at P ≤ .05.

Results:

When comparing the injured to the contralateral ankle, we found a significant decrease in the angular measurement of the syndesmosis (63.4 ± 6.1 degrees vs 68.4 ± 6.6 degrees; P = .018) and a significant increase in the area measurement (1.71 ± 0.44 cm2 vs 1.21 ± 0.25 cm2; P = .00003). Eleven of 14 patients had a smaller angular measurement, and all 14 had a larger area measurement in the injured ankle. All patients were confirmed to have instability via manual testing intraoperatively.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that a comparison of angular and area measurements will help identify a diastasis of the syndesmosis in patients with persistent pain after a rotational ankle fracture. These measurements are straightforward to perform and rely on landmarks that are easy to identify.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, diagnostic.
Intimate Terrorism and Situational Couple Violence in General Surveys
Authors: Johnson Michael P. , Leone Janel M. , Xu Yili
Published: February 2014

In this article, we argue that past efforts to distinguish among types of intimate partner violence in general survey data have committed a critical error—using data on current spouses to develop operationalizations of intimate terrorism and situational couple violence. We use ex-spouse data from the National Violence Against Women Survey (NVAWS) to develop new operationalizations. We then demonstrate that NVAWS current spouse data contain little intimate terrorism; we argue that this is likely to be the case for all general surveys. In addition, the ex-spouse data confirm past findings regarding a variety of differences between intimate terrorism and situational couple violence, including those predicted by feminist theories.
Angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion (I/D) (rs4646994) and Vegf polymorphism (+405G/C; rs2010963) in type II diabetic patients: Association with the risk of coronary artery disease
Authors: Moradzadegan Atousa , Vaisi-Raygani Asad , Nikzamir Abdolrahim , Rahimi Zohreh
Published: February 2014

Hypothesis:

Little is known about the concomitant presence of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (rs4646994) D allele and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) (+405G/C; rs2010963) G allele on the susceptibility of coronary artery disease (CAD). Here we examined the hypothesis that ACE-D and VEGF-G alleles act synergistically to increase the severity of CAD in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials and methods:

The VEGF (rs2010963) and ACE (rs4646994) genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and PCR, respectively in 510 T2DM patients undergoing their first coronary angiography. Diabetic patients were classified as T2DM patients with and without CAD (control).

Results:

The crude odds ratio (OR) for the presence of CAD in ID+DD and D allele carriers were 1.98 ( p=0.01) and 1.55 ( p=0.001), respectively. Also, adjusted ORs in the presence of normolipidemia and the absence of history of hypertension for the risk of CAD in the either ACE(rs4646994) D allele or VGEF(rs2010963)-G alleles were 2.08 ( p=0.004) and 1.75 ( p=0.024), respectively. In addition, the concomitant presence of the ACE-D and VEGF-G alleles increased the risk of CAD 2.25-fold ( p=0.043).

Conclusion:

Our results indicated that ACE(rs4646994)-D allele alone and in the presence of VEGF(rs2010963)-G allele can be an important independent risk factor for susceptibility of CAD in T2DM patients even after correcting for conventional risk factors in a population of Iran.
A study on the fabrication and functional properties of PET/rayon staple fiber products with ACC@Ag powders
Authors: Liu Jen-Yung , Cheng Kou-Bing , Ding Yung-Chin
Published: February 2014

In this study, the fabrication of nano-silver doped activated coir charcoal particles (ACC@Ag) was proposed using chemical reduction method. Certain amount of ACC@Ag was added into the spinning solution after de-foaming process to fabricate viscose rayon staple fibers using wet spinning method. The 1.25 denier × 38 mm viscose rayon/ACC@Ag staple fibers was then blended with 1.5 denier × 1.5 in. polyester staple fibers to fabricate PET/rayon/ACC@Ag with 50%/50% blending ratio and 30 s and 40 s linear density using ring spinning process. The blended yarns are expected to be used for the fiber products with anti-bacterial, warm retention, odor absorption and anti-static properties. This ring blended yarns were then used as the raw material to fabricate woven fabrics with anti-bacterial and anti-electrostatic properties which comply with JIS and AATCC standards. The influences of woven structures, fabric constitutions on the temperature difference, anti-bacterial, odor absorption and anti-electrostatic properties of woven fabrics were also investigated. Finally, the potential applications of the woven fabrics fabricated will also be proposed and suggested in this study.
Measuring Gang Involvement in a Justice-Referred Sample of Youth in Treatment
Authors: Boxer Paul , Veysey Bonita , Ostermann Michael , Kubik Joanna
Published: February 2014

Gangs are present in about 34% of all jurisdictions in the United States. Given elevations in violence and victimization associated with gang involvement, effective means are needed for measuring involvement among individual youth. This is especially the case among youth receiving services for problem behavior who might benefit from targeted treatments helping them reduce involvement in gangs. We assessed gang involvement among 421 youth referred by the justice system for intensive home- and community-based mental health treatment. Using self-report survey and therapist-recorded data, we identified 94 (22%) youth as gang involved. Risk factor measures provided support for our classification, driven primarily by self-reported indicators of gang involvement as opposed to therapist-recorded indicators.
Bisphosphonate Drug Holidays and Fall Prevention in the Reduction of Postmenopausal Fractures
Authors: White Nicole D.
Published: February 2014

Bisphosphonates are commonly used as first-line agents in the treatment of postmenopausal bone fragility. Recently, concern has been raised regarding the risk of atypical fracture with long-term therapy. A potential solution to obtaining the benefits while minimizing the risks of bisphosphonate therapy is the use of a drug holiday, or temporary cessation of medication. For drug holidays to be an effective approach, patients must maintain fracture protection while off therapy. One way to optimize fracture protection during this time is to prevent falls. Risk of atypical fracture and bisphosphonate drug holiday will be discussed, along with a summary of the most effective fall prevention modalities.
Physical Activity in Latino Men and Women
Authors: Larsen Britta A. , Noble Madison L. , Murray Kate E. , Marcus Bess H.
Published: February 2014

Latinos report less leisure time physical activity (PA) than non–Latino Whites and suffer disproportionately from diseases related to sedentary lifestyle, yet remain underserved and understudied. Gaining a better understanding of PA behavior in Latinos is critical to intervene on this significant public health issue. This article discusses the growing literature on the facilitators and barriers of PA in Latino men and women and reviews recent interventions to promote activity. Apart from acculturation influences, facilitators of PA in Latinos are similar to those of non–Latino Whites, with most research focusing on self-efficacy and social support. Barriers for Latinas, however, are more culturally distinct, such as a focus on caregiving and cultural standards for body shape. Barriers unique to Latino men largely have not been studied. Researchers have adopted a variety of approaches to increase PA, including using promotores and incorporating culturally appropriate activities, and have had mixed success. However, the community and randomized controlled trials almost exclusively included only women. Studies reviewed here suggest that interventions should target culturally specific barriers beyond language to successfully increase PA in Latinos and highlight a need for formative research and design of interventions for Latino men.
Treatment of chronic anterior locked glenohumeral dislocation with hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Venkatachalam Santosh , Nicolas Andrea Pujol , Liow Raymond
Published: February 2014

Restoring good shoulder function in an active patient with a chronic anterior locked dislocation of the glenohumeral joint can be challenging. This case report describes a 58-year-old active patient who presented with a very late missed locked anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. He had coexisting large bony defects in the anterior glenoid and humeral head with resultant loss of motion and pain secondary to glenohumeral arthrosis. He underwent a humeral hemiarthroplasty, glenoid structural bone grafting, glenoid biological resurfacing and reinforcement of anterior capsule with the graft jacket to achieve a pain-free, stable, mobile joint with good range of movements and function. The clinical decision-making process and the surgical technique used in the management of this difficult condition are discussed.
Impact of a Reduced Error Range of SMBG in Insulin-treated Patients in Germany
Authors: Schnell Oliver , Erbach Michael
Published: February 2014

Background:

Modeling approaches demonstrate that improvement in the accuracy of blood glucose (BG) meters may lead to cost savings. An improvement of accuracy of BG meters on the basis of a reduction in error range from 20% to 5% has been reported to be associated with substantial cost savings in Germany.

Methods:

The aim of this study is to analyze potential cost savings related to a reduction in error range from 20% to 15% and 10% of glucose meters in Germany. The health economic analysis included the number of type 1 diabetic and the number of insulin-treated patients in Germany, the costs for glucose monitoring, a model on the effects of the improvement of accuracy on the impact of severe hypoglycemic episodes, HbA1c, and subsequently myocardial infarctions and the costs of diabetes-related complications in Germany. In the model, a reduction of 1% and 3.5% reduction in severe hypoglycemic episodes, and a 0.14% and 0.28% reduction in HbA1c was included.

Results:

In type 1 diabetes the savings could be equal to a reduction in health care expenditures of more than €1.0 million (20% vs 15% error range) and €3.4 million (20% vs 10% error range). Respectively, potential savings of more than €6.0 million and €20.1 million were calculated for the group of insulin-treated patients.

Conclusions:

The model demonstrates that a reduction of error range of BG meters from 20% to 15% and 10% may translate into substantial savings for the German health care system.