bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: B—N as a C—C Substitute in Aromatic Systems
Authors: Bosdet Michael J. D. , Piers Warren E.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Metathesis for Site‐Selective Protein Modification
Authors: Lin Yuya A. , Chalker Justin M. , Davis Benjamin G.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Activity Relationships of SSAO/VAP‐1 Arylalkylamine‐Based Substrates
Authors: Yraola Francesc , Zorzano Antonio , Albericio Fernando , Royo Miriam
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Yondelis® (Trabectedin, ET‐743). A Semisynthetic Process Solves the Supply Problem
Authors: Cuevas Carmen , Francesch Andres
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Transformations of Benzylic Carboxylates and Carbonates
Authors: Kuwano Ryoichi
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Isolation, Total Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of Chlorofusin, a Natural Product Inhibitor of the p53—MDM2 Protein—Protein Interaction
Authors: Clark Ryan C. , Lee Sang Yeul , Searcey Mark , Boger Dale L.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Challenges in the Synthesis of a Unique Mono‐Carboxylic Acid Antibiotic, (+)‐Zincophorin
Authors: Song Zhenlei , Lohse Andrew G. , Hsung Richard P.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Epoxyquinols: Oxidative Dimerization and Its Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Shoji Mitsuru , Hayashi Yujiro
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare Earth Metal and Hafnium Triflate Catalyzed Generation of Carbocation and Reaction with Various Nucleophiles
Authors: Noji Masahiro , Ishii Keitaro
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Development of Enzymatic Reaction Systems Using Ionic Liquids
Authors: Itoh Toshiyuki
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas for Catalysis
Authors: Yang Qihua , Liu Jian , Zhang Lei , Li Can
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in 5′‐Terminal Cap Analogues — Synthesis and Biological Ramifications
Authors: Kore Anilkumar R. , Charles Irudaya , Shanmugasundaram Muthian , Xiao Zejun , Conrad Richard C.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent Metallacarboranes
Authors: Jelliss Paul A.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthetic Approaches to Biologically Relevant Heterocyclic Quinones and Quinoneimines
Authors: Avendano Carmen , Menendez J. Carlos
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Syntheses of (S)‐(+)‐Parasorbic Acid: (S)‐(+)‐5,6‐Dihydro‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one
Authors: Mahboub Radia
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Routes to Hydro(chloro)fluorocarbons
Authors: Ainbinder Zarah , Manzer Leo E. , Nappa Mario J.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Enamines in Organic Synthesis — Production of Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Hamadouche M. , Belkheira M. , El Abed D.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Intramolecular C—H Aminations: A Powerful Tool for the Synthesis of Various Heterocyclic Systems
Authors: Compain Philippe , Toumieux Sylvestre
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Samarium(II)‐Based Reductants
Authors: Flowers Robert A. II , Prasad Edamana
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemicals from Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Ratnasamy Paul , Darbha Srinivas
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chelate‐Tethered Nucleobases: New Architectures and Insights in Metal Ion — Nucleobase Chemistry
Authors: Galindo Miguel A. , Houlton Andrew
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sordarin, an Antifungal Agent with a Unique Mode of Action
Authors: Liang Huan
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Allosteric Switches: Remote Controls for Proteins
Authors: Berg Thorsten
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Occurrence, Synthesis and Biosynthesis of Bacterial Heptoses
Authors: Kosma Paul
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NADH‐Based Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: De‐los‐Santos‐Alvarez Noemi , De‐los‐Santos‐Alvarez Patricia , Lobo‐Castanon M. Jesus , Miranda‐Ordieres Arturo J. , Tunon‐Blanco Paulino
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Proton Transfers in Aromatic Systems: How Aromatic Is the Transition State?
Authors: Bernasconi Claude F.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Spectroscopy and Ion Pairing: Measuring and Understanding How Ions Interact
Authors: Pregosin Paul S.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Symmetry of Hydrogen Bonds in Solution
Authors: Perrin Charles L.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Physicochemical Properties, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Intravenous Hematin
Authors: Siegert Scott W. K. , Holt Robert J.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: TLC of Carbohydrates
Authors: Sassaki Guilherme L. , de Souza Lauro M. , Cipriani Thales R. , Iacomini Marcello
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biological Profiling of Anti‐HIV Agents and Insight into CCR5 Antagonist Binding Using in silico Techniques
Authors: Carrieri Antonio , Pérez‐Nueno Violeta I. , Fano Alessandra , Pistone Carlo , Ritchie David W. , Teixidó Jordi
Published: June 2009

Molecular requirements and determinants for efficient binding to CCR5 were interpreted by computational techniques based on comparative receptor structure modeling, advanced 3D‐QSAR, docking, and shape‐based virtual screening of commercially available entry blockers. Results of this study may be valuable for predicting new HIV entry‐blocking leads.

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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is responsible for more than 31 million deaths, and many more people are affected by this disease worldwide. Novel ligands that are capable of blocking virus–cell fusion are emerging as promising candidate molecules against HIV‐1 infection because they have the promise to overcome the major drawbacks of classical highly active antiretroviral (HAART) drugs. However, structure‐based design continues to be hampered owing to the paucity of experimentally determined 3D information about HIV‐1 cell‐surface co‐receptors. Using computational techniques based on comparative receptor structure modeling, advanced 3D‐QSAR, and protein–ligand docking, we present recent results that define updated molecular requirements and determinants for efficient binding of small‐molecule ligands to CCR5, a principal biological target for HIV entry blockers. These results are compared with shape‐ and property‐based virtual screening results for commercially available entry blockers, and will be valuable for predicting new HIV entry‐blocking leads.
Toward a model to compare and analyze accountability standards – the case of the UN Global Compact
Authors: Rasche Andreas
Published: June 2009

Although accountability standards (e.g., the Global Reporting Initiative and SA 8000) have made their way onto the agendas of managers and researchers, a model to compare and analyze these tools in a systematic way is a conspicuous omission. This article aims to develop such a model. First, we briefly introduce the nature of accountability standards and explore commonalities and differences between them. Second, we present a model to compare and analyze these initiatives. This model allows interested parties to discuss accountability standards based on an analysis of the content of their underlying norms, the implementation processes they suggest, and their context of application. Third, we apply the model to the United Nations Global Compact. We show how this initiative differs from other standards and also discuss its strengths and weaknesses according to the outlined model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Cystein‐serine‐rich nuclear protein 1, Axud1/Csrnp1, is essential for cephalic neural progenitor proliferation and survival in zebrafish
Authors: Feijóo Carmen G. , Sarrazin Andres F. , Allende Miguel L. , Glavic Alvaro
Published: June 2009

The CSRNP (cystein‐serine‐rich nuclear protein) family has been conserved from Drosophila to human. Although knockout mice for each of the mammalian proteins have been generated, their function during vertebrate development has remained elusive. As an alternative to obtain insights on CSRNP's role in development, we have analysed the expression pattern and function of one member of this family, axud1, during zebrafish development. Our expression analysis indicates that axud1 is expressed from cleavage to larval stages in a dynamic pattern, becoming restricted after gastrulation to anterior regions of the developing neuraxis and later on concentrated predominantly in proliferating domains of the brain. Knockdown analysis using antisense morpholinos shows that reducing Axud1 levels impairs neural progenitor cell proliferation and survival, revealing an essential function of this gene for the growth of cephalic derivatives. The brain growth phenotypes elicited by decreasing Axud1 expression are specific and independent of anterior‐posterior patterning events, initial establishment of neural progenitors, or neural differentiation occurring in this tissue. However, Axud1 is necessary for six3.1 expression and is positively regulated by sonic hedgehog. Phylogenetic examination shows that axud1 is likely to be the ortholog of the only member of this family present in Drosophila, as well as to the previously described mouse CSRNP1 and to human AXUD1 (Axin upregulated‐1). Thus, we provide evidence as to the role of axud1 in brain growth in vertebrates. Developmental Dynamics, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro and in vivo differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into retina‐like organs and comparison with that from mouse pluripotent epiblast stem cells
Authors: Aoki Hitomi , Hara Akira , Niwa Masayuki , Yamada Yasuhiro , Kunisada Takahiro
Published: June 2009

Correctly inducing the differentiation of pluripotent hESCs to a specific lineage with high purity is highly desirable for regenerative cell therapy. Our first effort to perform in vitro differentiation of hESCs resulted in a limited recapitulation of the ocular tissue structures. When undifferentiated hESCs were placed in vivo into the ocular tissue, in this case into the vitreous cavity, 3‐dimensional retina‐like structures reminiscent of the invagination of the optic vesicle were generated. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the presence of both a neural retina‐like cell layer and a retinal pigmented epithelium‐like cell layer, possibly equivalent to the developing E12.5 mouse retina. Furthermore, mouse epiblast‐derived stem cells, which are reported to share some characteristics with hESCs, but not with mouse ESCs, also generated retinal anlage‐like structures in vivo. hESC‐derived retina‐like structures present a novel therapeutic possibility for retinal diseases and also provide a novel experimental system to study early human eye development. Developmental Dynamics 238:2266–2279, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crosstalk between Wnt and bone morphogenic protein signaling: A turbulent relationship
Authors: Itasaki Nobue , Hoppler Stefan
Published: June 2009

The Wnt and the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) pathways are evolutionarily conserved and essentially independent signaling mechanisms, which, however, often regulate similar biological processes. Wnt and BMP signaling are functionally integrated in many biological processes, such as embryonic patterning inDrosophilaand vertebrates, formation of kidney, limb, teeth and bones, maintenance of stem cells, and cancer progression. Detailed inspection of regulation in these and other tissues reveals that Wnt and BMP signaling are functionally integrated in four fundamentally different ways. The molecular mechanism evolved to mediate this integration can also be summarized in four different ways. However, a fundamental aspect of functional and mechanistic interaction between these pathways relies on tissue‐specific mechanisms, which are often not conserved and cannot be extrapolated to other tissues. Integration of the two pathways contributes toward the sophisticated means necessary for creating the complexity of our bodies and the reliable and healthy function of its tissues and organs. Developmental Dynamics 239:16–33, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A 4‐year prospective study of eating disorder NOS compared with full eating disorder syndromes
Authors: Agras W. Stewart , Crow Scott , Mitchell James E. , Halmi Katherine A. , Bryson Susan
Published: June 2009

Objective:

To examine the course of Eating Disorder NOS (EDNOS) compared with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED).

Method:

Prospective study of 385 participants meeting DSM‐IV criteria for AN, BN, BED, and EDNOS at three sites. Recruitment was from the community and specialty clinics. Participants were followed at 6‐month intervals during a 4‐year period using the Eating Disorder Examination as the primary assessment.

Results:

EDNOS remitted significantly more quickly that AN or BN but not BED. There were no differences between EDNOS and full ED syndromes, or the subtypes of EDNOS, in time to relapse following first remission. Only 18% of the EDNOS group had never had or did not develop another ED diagnosis during the study; however, this group did not differ from the remaining EDNOS group.

Discussion:

EDNOS appears to be a way station between full ED syndromes and recovery, and to a lesser extent from recovery or EDNOS status to a full ED. Implications for DSM‐V are examined. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Anorexia nervosa: A role for L‐arginine supplementation in cardiovascular risk factors?
Authors: Vignini Arianna , D'Angelo Monica , Nanetti Laura , Camilloni Maria Angela , Cester Anna Maria , Faloia Emanuela , Salvolini Eleonora , Mazzanti Laura
Published: June 2009

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a short‐term oral L‐arginine treatment on platelet NO production, intracellular calcium concentration, iNOS and eNOS expression, in AN patients.

Method:

Forty outpatients belonging to restricting subtype and 40 normal participants age and sex matched were enrolled in the study.

Results:

NO production was significantly elevated in the platelets from AN patients compared with controls while [Ca2+]i was significantly decreased in patients with respect to controls. Western blot analysis demonstrated that iNOS isoform was more pronounced in the cell lysates from AN patients than controls. After supplementation with L‐arginine, both NO production and [Ca2+]i seem to return to control levels, suggesting a probable recovery of their metabolisms. The same was found after western blot analysis of NOS expression.

Discussion:

The results here proposed can be considered highly indicative of a positive effect of L‐arginine supplementation on platelet NO production in AN patients. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Therapeutic writing as an intervention for symptoms of bulimia nervosa: Effects and mechanism of change
Authors: Johnston Olwyn , Startup Helen , Lavender Anna , Godfrey Emma , Schmidt Ulrike
Published: June 2009

Objective:

This study explored the effects on bulimic symptomatology of a writing task intended to reduce emotional avoidance.

Method:

Eighty individuals reporting symptoms of bulimia completed, by e‐mail, a therapeutic or control writing task. Participants completed questionnaires on bulimic symptoms, mood, and potential moderating and mediating factors, and were followed up after 4 and 8 weeks. Writing content was explored using a word count package and qualitative framework analysis.

Results:

Bulimic symptoms decreased in both groups, although in both groups the number of participants who improved was approximately equal to the number who did not improve. Symptom decreases were associated with increases in perceived mood regulation abilities, and decreases in negative beliefs about emotions. Participants preferred internet delivery to face to face discussion.

Discussion:

For individuals experiencing symptoms of bulimia, the effects of therapeutic writing did not differ significantly from effects of a control writing task. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Mortality and predictors of death in a cohort of patients presenting to an eating disorders service
Authors: Button Eric J. , Chadalavada Bhanu , Palmer Robert L.
Published: June 2009

Objective:

The main aim was to investigate mortality across the spectrum of eating disorders presenting to a specialized service for adults in the UK. A secondary aim was to explore whether any clinical and demographic factors may be associated with increased risk.

Method:

We conducted a “tracing” study of 1,892 patients assessed by the Service between 1992 and 2004. We used the Office of National Statistics to identify all deaths recorded up to August 2007. We also compared deceased patients with matched controls in terms of a number of clinical and demographic variables at initial presentation to the service.

Results:

Anorexia nervosa had a ten‐fold increased risk of early death, but there was also evidence of increased risk in other groups of patients, including eating disorder not otherwise specified. A number of clinical factors predicted increased mortality risk, especially very low body mass index and the presence of alcohol misuse.

Discussion:

The study confirms previous evidence of a markedly increased mortality risk for anorexia nervosa, but also suggests that the risk is not confined to this eating disorder and that greater attention needs to be focused on wider psychiatric comorbidity. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Coupled analysis of electromagnetic wave and heat conduction with rotational motion of heated target and temperature‐dependent complex permittivity
Authors: Okamoto Yoshifumi , Himeno Ryutaro , Ushida Kiminori , Ahagon Akira , Fujiwara Koji
Published: June 2009

In order to evaluate the heated process of the target, S parameter, and initial design of cavity size in the furnaces for dielectric heating such as microwave ovens, the coupled analysis of electromagnetic wave and heat conduction (EM‐HC coupled analysis) is a useful tool for practical design. In this paper, valuable EM‐HC coupled analysis with rotational motion of heated target such as turntable and temperature‐dependent complex permittivity by using edge‐based finite element method is proposed. As a result of useful investigation of the proposed method, the effectiveness in tracing the detailed temperature rise of dielectric target is demonstrated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 169(1): 9–19, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20810
PI control adjusted by GA for ultrasonic motor
Authors: Tanaka Kanya , Wakasa Yuji , Akashi Takuya , Oka Masato
Published: June 2009

This paper proposes a PI control method adjusted by a genetic algorithm (GA) for an ultrasonic motor (USM). In the proposed method, proportional and integral gains are adjusted using a GA in order to compensate the characteristic variations of the plant. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by experiments. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 169(1): 59–65, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20842
A new current balancer in single‐phase three‐wire secondary distribution feeders using the correlation coefficients
Authors: Tanaka Toshihiko , Fukui Hirokazu , Hiraki Eiji , Watanabe Shuuji , Fukuma Shinji
Published: June 2009

This paper proposes a new current balancer in single‐phase three‐wire secondary distribution systems using the correlation coefficients. The components of the load currents correlative to the primary side voltage waveform, which correspond to the active currents, are detected in each feeder, then the nonactive and unbalanced‐active components are compensated on the source side. The balanced currents with unity power factor are obtained in each feeder. The basic principle of the proposed method is discussed in detail, and then confirmed by digital computer simulation. A prototype experimental system is constructed and tested. Experimental results demonstrate that the balanced source currents with unity power factor are obtained in spite of unbalanced load currents. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 169(1): 50–58, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20843
Rotor speed detection method for vector control of induction motor without speed sensor utilizing slot harmonics
Authors: Kiyotake Hirofumi , Shinohara Katsuji , Yamamoto Kichiro
Published: June 2009

Speed sensorless vector controlled induction motor drives are the standard choice in many industrial applications, but this can hardly control torque and rotor speed at low speed. Recently, a method based on high‐frequency signal injection has been studied. This paper presents a method for suppressing the effects of the saturation saliency by using a high‐pass filter, and a new approach to estimate the rotor speed. The effectiveness of these methods is demonstrated through experimental results showing both good suppression of saturation harmonics and good sensorless speed control at low speed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 169(1): 41–49, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20847
Participation of experts and non‐experts in a sustainability assessment of mobility
Authors: Whitmarsh Lorraine , Swartling Åsa Gerger , Jäger Jill
Published: June 2009

The complexity, ambiguity and subjectivity that surround persistent problems of unsustainability, such as mobility, highlight the importance of stakeholder engagement in both knowledge production and policy development. This paper reports on research within the EU‐funded MATISSE project to develop tools and methods for Integrated Sustainability Assessment (ISA), a novel interdisciplinary and participatory approach to sustainability strategy development. Two different methods – expert focus groups and citizen deliberative workshops – were employed to elicit knowledge and preferences of European stakeholders in respect of sustainable mobility. Findings from these exercises indicate areas of both convergence and divergence in the visions of sustainable mobility futures depicted by different stakeholder groups. Stakeholders agreed on the need to address problems of unsustainability in the transport sector, and identified broadly similar environmental, social and economic criteria for sustainable transport. Amenity of transport was more important for citizens, while experts focussed on pragmatic and technological issues. Both groups favoured modal shift and novel technologies, and citizens also supported demand reduction measures and choices; however, a range of barriers to achieving sustainable mobility was also identified by participants. Stakeholder feedback suggests the process was valuable and acted as a forum for social learning and the co‐production of knowledge by citizens and experts, while at the same time empowering these groups to participate in an important social issue such as transport. The value and limitations of these methods for ISA are discussed and avenues for further research proposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
DC‐induced CD8+ T‐cell response is inhibited by MHC class II‐dependent DX5+CD4+ Treg
Authors: Han Wanda G. H. , Schuurhuis Danita H. , Fu Nathalie , Camps Marcel , van Duivenvoorde Leonie M. , Louis‐Plence Pascale , Franken Kees L. M. C. , Huizinga Tom W. J. , Melief Cornelis J. M. , Toes René E. M. , Ossendorp Ferry
Published: June 2009

CD4+ T cells are important for CD8+ T‐cell priming by providing cognate signals for DC maturation. We analyzed the capacity of CD4+ T cells to influence CD8+ T‐cell responses induced by activated DC. Surprisingly, mice depleted for CD4+ cells were able to generate stronger antigen‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses after DC vaccination than non‐depleted mice. The same observation was made when mice were vaccinated with MHC class II−/− DC, indicating the presence of a MHC class II‐dependent CD4+ T‐cell population inhibiting CD8+ T‐cell responses. Recently we described the expansion of DX5+CD4+ T cells, a T‐cell population displaying immune regulatory properties, upon vaccination with DC. Intriguingly, we now observe an inverse correlation between CD8+ T‐cell induction and expansion of DX5+CD4+ T cells as the latter cells did not expand after vaccination with MHC class II−/− DC. In vitro, DX5+CD4+ T cells were able to limit proliferation, modulate cytokine production and induce Foxp3+ expression in OVA‐specific CD8+ T cells. Together, our data show an inhibitory role of CD4+ T cells on the induction of CD8+ T‐cell responses by activated DC and indicate the involvement of DX5+CD4+, but not CD4+CD25+, T cells in this process.
B7‐H3 is a potent inhibitor of human T‐cell activation: No evidence for B7‐H3 and TREML2 interaction
Authors: Leitner Judith , Klauser Christoph , Pickl Winfried F. , Stöckl Johannes , Majdic Otto , Bardet Anaïs F. , Kreil David P. , Dong Chen , Yamazaki Tomohide , Zlabinger Gerhard , Pfistershammer Katharina , Steinberger Peter
Published: June 2009

B7‐H3 belongs to the B7 superfamily, a group of molecules that costimulate or down‐modulate T‐cell responses. Although it was shown that B7‐H3 could inhibit T‐cell responses, several studies – most of them performed in murine systems – found B7‐H3 to act in a costimulatory manner. In this study, we have specifically addressed a potential functional dualism of human B7‐H3 by assessing the effect of this molecule under varying experimental conditions as well as on different T‐cell subsets. We show that B7‐H3 does not costimulate human T cells. In the presence of strong activating signals, B7‐H3 potently and consistently down‐modulated human T‐cell responses. This inhibitory effect was evident when analysing proliferation and cytokine production and affected naïve as well as pre‐activated T cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that B7‐H3–T‐cell interaction is characterised by an early suppression of IL‐2 and that T‐cell inhibition can be reverted by exogenous IL‐2. Since the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells like transcript 2 (TREML2/TLT‐2) has been recently described as costimulatory receptor of murine B7‐H3 we have extensively analysed interaction of human B7‐H3 with TREML2/TLT‐2. In these experiments we found no evidence for such an interaction. Furthermore, our data do not point to a role for murine TREML2 as a receptor for murine B7‐H3.
Transcriptional and inflammasome‐mediated pathways for the induction of IL‐1β production by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Kleinnijenhuis Johanneke , Joosten Leo A. B. , van de Veerdonk Frank L. , Savage Nigel , van Crevel Reinout , Kullberg Bart Jan , van der Ven Andre , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Dinarello Charles A. , van der Meer Jos W. M. , Netea Mihai G.
Published: June 2009

Proinflammatory cytokines of the IL‐1 family play an important role for the anti‐mycobacterial host defense mechanisms. In the present study we have deciphered the pathways leading from recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the production and release of IL‐1β, the most important member of the IL‐1 family. By stimulating cells defective in various pattern recognition receptors, we could demonstrate that IL‐1β production is induced by M. tuberculosis through pathways involving TLR2/TLR6 and NOD2 receptors. In contrast, TLR4, TLR9 and TLR1 receptors are not involved in IL‐1β induction. Recognition of M. tuberculosis by TLR and NOD2 leads to transcription of proIL‐1β through mechanisms involving ERK, p38 and Rip2, but not JNK. Interestingly, although caspase‐1 is necessary for the processing of proIL‐1β, activation of caspase‐1 is not dependent on the stimulation of cells by M. tuberculosis. Monocytes expressed constitutively active caspase‐1. The secretion of IL‐1β is dependent on the activation of P2X7‐induced pathways by endogenously released ATP. In conclusion, we have dissected the molecular mechanisms responsible for IL‐1β production by M. tuberculosis, and that may contribute to a deeper knowledge of the mechanisms of cell activation by M. tuberculosis.
IL‐23‐driven encephalo‐tropism and Th17 polarization during CNS‐inflammation in vivo
Authors: Gyülvészi Gabor , Haak Stefan , Becher Burkhard
Published: June 2009

IL‐23 but not IL‐12 is essential for the development of autoimmune tissue inflammation in mice. Conversely, IL‐12 and IL‐23 impact on the polarization of Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively. While both polarized T helper populations can mediate autoimmune inflammation, their redundancy in the pathogenesis of EAE indicates that IL‐23 exerts its crucial influence on the disease independent of its T helper polarizing capacity. To study the impact of IL‐23 and IL‐12 on the behavior of encephalitogenic T cells in vivo, we generated BM‐chimeric mice in which we can trace individual populations of IL‐23 or IL‐12 responsive T helper cells during EAE. We observed that T cells, which lack IL‐12Rβ1 (no IL‐12 and IL‐23 signaling), fail to invade the CNS and do not acquire a Th17 phenotype. In contrast, loss of IL‐12 signaling prevents Th1 polarization but does not prevent T‐cell entry into the CNS. The loss of IL‐12R engagement does not appear to alter T‐cell expansion but leads to their accumulation in secondary lymphoid organs. We found that IL‐23 licenses T cells to invade the target tissue and to exert their effector function, whereas IL‐12 is critical for Th1 differentiation, but does not influence the pathogenic capacity of auto‐reactive T helper cells in vivo.
Deprotection of N‐Nosyl‐α‐amino Acids by Using Solid‐Supported Mercaptoacetic Acid
Authors: De Marco Rosaria , Di Gioia Maria Luisa , Leggio Antonella , Liguori Angelo , Viscomi Maria Caterina
Published: June 2009

A simple and efficient synthesis of a solid‐supported thiol has been developed. Mercaptoacetic acid was first protected by the dimethoxytrityl group and then anchored to Wang resin through an ester bond. Deprotection of the thiol function led to resin‐supported mercaptoacetic acid, a useful supported thiol reagent that can be used in the polymer‐assisted solution‐phase removal of nosyl (Ns) groups from the amino function of α‐amino acids in peptide synthesis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Asymmetric Addition of Terminal Alkynes to N‐(Diphenylphosphinoyl)imines Promoted by Stoichiometric Amounts of a Proline‐Derived β‐Amino Alcohol
Authors: Yan Wenjin , Mao Bin , Zhu Shaoqun , Jiang Xianxing , Liu Zhongli , Wang Rui
Published: June 2009

A new synthetic methodology for the preparation of optically active propargylamines is described. The alkynylation of aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic and α,β‐unsaturated N‐(diphenylphosphinoyl)imines was investigated by using diethylzinc and a proline‐derived β‐amino alcohol. N‐(Diphenylphosphinoyl)‐protected propargylic amines can be synthesized in high yields and with good to excellent enantioselectivities. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Short and Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Δ‐11,13‐Didehydroguaianes and ‐guaianolides: Synthesis of (±)‐Achalensolide and (±)‐Pechueloic Acid; Revision of the Structure of (+)‐Rupestonic Acid
Authors: Sainte‐Luce Banchelin Thomas , Carret Sébastien , Giannini Audrey , Deprés Jean‐Pierre
Published: June 2009

(±)‐Pechueloic acid (1), (±)‐rupestonic acid (3), and (±)‐achalensolide (5) (guaian‐8–12‐olide class) were prepared stereoselectively in only nine steps from the commercially available tropylium cation via central intermediate 6, which is used as a general and efficient precursor to bicyclo[5.3.0]decane sesquiterpenes. The method does not require function protection. It is highly regio‐ and stereoselective thanks to an efficient C‐1 epimerization, a selective C‐8,9 hydrogenation, and a stereocontrolled 1,6 conjugate addition of an acrylate equivalent. These Δ‐11,13‐didehydroguaianes and‐guaianolides are good Michael acceptors and hence biologically active. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Scaling of nucleic acid assays on microelectrophoresis array devices: High‐dynamic range multi‐gene readout from less than ten transcripts
Authors: Ueberfeld Joern , Ehrlich Daniel J.
Published: June 2009

In this paper we describe progress in using the prodigious data‐collecting ability of multilane microelectrophoresis instruments to bear on problems in scaled nucleic acid assays. We emphasize compound stacking and solid‐support loading as means to concentrate <100 pg samples for direct injection. Reaction Mapping is applied to readout quantitative polymerase chain reaction gene‐expression and as a way to practically overcome difficulty in interpreting amplification curves of multiplexed quantitative polymerase chain reaction at 20–50 gene/well complexity. We demonstrate multiplexed readout of gene expression over an abundancy range of 9 Log 2 units starting with reverse‐transcribed samples as small as five molecules in each sample.
A proteomic workflow for discovery of serum carrier protein‐bound biomarker candidates of alcohol abuse using LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Lai Xianyin , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Crabb David W. , Ringham Heather N. , Witzmann Frank A.
Published: June 2009

The diagnosis and care of patients with alcohol abuse and dependence is hampered by a lack of sensitive and specific screening and monitoring tests. Proteomics is a good approach to search for biomarkers of alcohol abuse. Serum carrier protein‐bound proteins have attracted significant interest because they remain a relatively un‐mined region of the proteome. In the present study, a proteomic workflow including LC‐MS/MS with enrichment of serum carrier protein‐bound biomarkers technique was applied to profile the changes in quality and quantity of serum carrier protein‐bound proteins for the discovery of novel biomarker candidates of alcohol abuse. In total, 311 proteins identified with high confidence were discovered to be bound to serum carrier proteins. Complement isoforms, Ig fragments, and apolipoprotein family proteins are the main serum carrier‐bound proteins. Protein quantification analysis with and without concern as to gender revealed that gender is a critical consideration for biomarker development in alcohol abuse. Identified proteins not previously associated with alcohol abuse include gelsolin, selenoprotein P, serotransferrin, tetranectin, hemopexin, histidine‐rich glycoprotein, plasma kallikrein, and vitronectin. Altered abundance of these proteins suggests that they may be potential novel biomarkers for alcohol abuse.
Chiral analysis of anti‐acquired immunodeficiency syndrome drug, 9‐(R)‐[2‐(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (tenofovir), and related antiviral acyclic nucleoside phosphonates by CE using β‐CD as chiral selector
Authors: Šolínová Veronika , Kašička Václav , Sázelová Petra , Holý Antonín
Published: June 2009

A new CZE method has been developed for chiral analysis of an important anti‐acquired immunodeficiency syndrome drug, 9‐(R)‐[2‐(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine ((R)‐PMPA, tenofovir), and six related antiviral acyclic nucleoside phosphonates using β‐CD as a chiral selector. The influence of the composition, concentration and pH of the BGE and the type and concentration of chiral selector on enantiomer resolution was investigated. Complete separations of (R,S)‐enantiomers of PMPA with very good resolution (Rs=1.50–3.64) were achieved within a short time (4–15 min) in 20–50 mM sodium borate or sodium tetraborate BGEs, pH 10.0, at 20 mg/mL concentration of β‐CD. (R,S)‐enantiomers of five similar PMPA analogs containing purine bases (adenine, diaminopurine or guanine) and hydroxyl or fluor substituents at C3 carbon atom of propyl chain were baseline separated within 10–17 min in 35 mM sodium tetraborate BGE, pH 10.0, at 20 mg/mL β‐CD concentration. Another important antiviral used by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, derived from pyrimidine base cytosine, 1‐(S)‐[3‐hydroxy‐2‐(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine (cidofovir), and the (R)‐enantiomer of this drug were successfully separated in 50 mM sodium tetraborate BGE, pH 10.5, at 20 mg/mL β‐CD concentration within 45 min. Using the UV‐absorption detection at 206 nm, the concentration detection limits of the analyzed acyclic nucleoside phosphonates were determined in the submicromolar to micromolar range (0.15–2.51 μg/mL level).
Turbulent flow simulation using LES with dynamical mixed one‐equation subgrid models in complex geometries
Authors: Wang Wenquan , Zhang Lixiang , Yan Yan , Guo Yakun
Published: June 2009

An innovative computational model is presented for the large eddy simulation of multi‐dimensional unsteady turbulent flow problems in complex geometries. The main objectives of this research are (i) to better understand the structure of turbulent flows in complex geometry and (ii) to investigate the 3D characteristics of such complex fluid flow. The filtered Navier–Stokes equations are used to simulate large scales of the turbulence, while the energy transfer from large scales to subgrid‐scales (SGS) is simulated using dynamical mixed one‐equation subgrid models. In the proposed SGS model, the SGS kinetic energy, ksgs, is used for scaling the velocity for the eddy‐viscosity part of the model. The proposed SGS model contains not only some information on the small scales as described in traditional Smagorinsky model or Germano dynamical model but also includes additional scale‐similarity as that in the models of Ghosal et al. (J. Comput. Phys. 1995; 118:24–37) or Davidson (11th International Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flow, Grenoble, vol. 3, 1997; 26.1–26.6). The Navier–Stokes equations and the derived ksgs equation are solved using implicit finite‐volume method. The models have been applied to simulate the 3D flows over a backward‐facing step and in a strong 3D skew runner blade passage of a Francis hydro turbine, respectively. Good agreement between simulated results and experimental results as well as other numerical results was obtained. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.