bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the dependency of student’s selection of elective courses on tendencies in IT industry
Authors: Gruzdo I.V. , Kyrychenko I.V. , Tarasov R.O.
Published: July 2024

The dependency of students’ selection of elective subjects for 121 Software Engineering study plan on tendencies in IT industry was analyzed during the research on the example of students from different years of study. Part of the data was gathered from Github repositories and quantitative indicators of tendencies in IT industry were used as metrics. Information for analysis regarding students was taken from the data about students’ selection for 3-4 year of studies on 121 Software Engineering program. The research was conducted in multiple stages, on the first stage the data was preprocessed and cleaned from outliers, subsequently it was analyzed one more time and converted in three numbers, then the numbers were mapped with wages, with respect to which the research was conducted and final value was obtained. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for calculation of dependency indicators during the research.
Possibility-causal representation of explanations in an intelligent information system
Authors: Chalyi S. , Leshchynskyi V.
Published: July 2024

The article’s subject matter is the process of constructing explanations for the obtained results and the sequence of decision-making actions in the intelligent information system. The goal is to develop an approach to the construction of explanations based on a possible description of cause-and-effect relationships between input data and the result ofthe work of an intelligent system, which creates conditions for the formation of an explanation when presenting such a system both in the form of "black" and in the form of "gray" box. Tasks: development of a generalized possible-causal model of explanation; development of a method of possible-causal representation of an explanation in an intellectual information system. The used approaches are: methods of constructing explanations, the theory of possibilities, approaches to the construction of temporal knowledge. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows. A possible-causal model of explanation in an intelligent system is proposed, which specifies a cause-and-effect relationship between the class of input data and the class of decision, as well as between intermediate actions from the process of obtaining a result and the class of decision. The probabilistic aspect of the model is calculated for a subset containing representatives of the same class of data, or for individual actions of a simplified decision-making process. In practical terms, the developed model makes it possible to form a description of the decision-making process based on possible causal dependencies and to build an explanation based on limited data about the process of functioning of the intelligent information system. A method of constructing an explanation in an intelligent information system based on possible causal dependencies is proposed. The method includes the stages of determining the classes of input data and the result for explanation, forming a list of possible cause-and-effect dependencies that connect input data or process actions with the decision of an intelligent system, calculating the possibilities of using the obtained dependencies to build an explanation, calculating the need for the obtained dependencies and ordering received explanations according to necessity. The method makes it possible to build an explanation when presenting an intelligent information system both in the form of a "black" and in the form of a "gray" box, reflecting, respectively, the influence of input data and the influence of a simplified decision-making process on the result of an intelligent system.
An Approximate Model of Load Frequency Control Systems with Time Delay
Authors: Haji-Bini M. Saad ,   University Teknologi Brunei, Yasmin Yusri , Khalil Ashraf , Peng Ang Swee ,   University Teknologi Brunei,   University Teknologi Brunei,   University Teknologi Brunei
Published: July 2024

In this paper we present an approximate model for load frequency control system with time delay. The load frequency control is one of the conventional power system control problems. In order to secure the stability of the grid the frequency must remain within its limited range which is achieved through the load frequency control. The load frequency control signals experience time delay that could destabilize the power systems. The presence of the time delay complicates the analysis of the load frequency control system. In this paper we present a stability method based on the Direct Frequency Response approximation for the time delay. This approximation transforms the transcendental time delay equation into linear equation. This results in a simple stability criterion for the loadfrequency control system with time delay. A one-area load frequency control system is chosen as a case study. The effectiveness of the proposed approximation has been tested through simulation and comparison with the published research work. By tracking the eigenvalues or using Routh's criterion the maximum delay margin can be estimated. The proposed stability criterion has been compared with the most recent methods and showed it is merit. The range of the PI controller parameters for a given time delay can be determined which is very important in practice.
Data Clustering based on Gaussian Mixture Model and Expectation- Maximization Algorithm for Data-driven Structural Health Monitoring System
Authors: A. Rahim Sharafiz ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Manson Graeme , Aziz M.A. ,   University of Sheffield,   Universiti Putra Malaysia
Published: July 2024

Data groups generated by a system often inherit dynamics characteristics unique in data distribution parameters. A degradation in structural health can affect the dynamic behavior hence the probability distribution parameters. Based on the probabilistic and Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), one can cluster data groups that may overlap with different data groups based on different orientations and shapes. This article explores GMM probabilistic model applied on vibration data set generated by aircraft wing box structure for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) application. In the data processing stage, the high dimensional data is transformed into lower dimensions using Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA). KPCA transforms the continuous signal into discrete data, allowing the ellipsoids' fitting (clusters) on the data spread. Based on the baseline data set (undamaged structural condition) and several components (loading class and damage class), the fitting is performed using GMM driven by EM. This paper shows that GMM-EM based data clustering model is an effective clustering probability model in fitting the data density in the presence of operational variations. It highlights clustering of reduced vibration data using KPCA in the interest of SHM based on the baseline’s initial parameters.
Numerical Modelling of Bird Strike on Aerospace Structures by means of Coupling FE-SPH
Authors: Abdullah Nur Azam ,   International Islamic University Malaysia, Yusoff Mohammad Daniel , Shahimi Sharis - Shazzali , Meor Ahmad Meor Iqram ,   International Islamic University Malaysia,   International Islamic University Malaysia,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Published: July 2024

This article offers a parametric mechanics investigation in defining the correlation between the parameters of a wing-body during a bird strike collision. A commercial software of LS-Dyna is used to compute the numerical modelling manifested in this research. In this study, it is an attempt to form a definitive work based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH)formulation by recognising the most critical influencing parameters in the bird-strike computation and verify the simulation with the experiment data. For instance, an idealised bird is modelled as a cylindrical shape with hemispherical ends to maintain the homogeneity and symmetryusing SPH approach. Moreover, an aluminium alloyrigid flatplate is modelled as a shell element plate in the finite element model (FEM). Here, internal energy vs time for different plate thickness graph are plotted to observe the difference of absorbed energy during the impact. Such conditions are considered in this research from the sight of bird strike impact under multiple states (structural thickness) and constraints (bird size). The obtained computational results are in adjacent agreement with the experimental results published in another literature.
Characterisation of Mechanical Properties, Damage Progression and Fracture Modes of Recycled Aluminium Alloys AA6061 Reinforced Alumina Oxide
Authors: Ma'at N. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mohd Nor M.K. , Ho C.S. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: July 2024

Characterisation of the deformation behaviour of recycled aluminium alloy reinforced alumina oxide in terms of mechanical properties, damage progression and fracture mode is investigated via the Uniaxial Tensile Test in this manuscript. The tests are carried out at room temperature at strain rates of 6X10-3s-1, 6X10-2s-1, and 6X10-1s-1. Stress-strain curves and microstructural analysis are used to examine tensile behaviour, damage progression, and fracture mechanism. The primary form of aluminium alloy AA6061 was compared to the stress-strain curve analysis. It has been observed that when the strain rate increases, the flow stress increases. Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) is used to analyse the damage progression, including fracture mode and continued with a close review on voids quantity and size using Image J Tooling Software. The results show that increasing strain rate increases the number of voids. In general, the recycled AA6061 reinforced Alumina Oxide exhibits strain-rate dependency behaviour. In terms of the fracture mode, an apparent necking develops around the fracture area in primary specimen. Necking, on the other hand, is less apparent in the recycled specimen. Due to alumina characteristics (ceramic), which promote fracture when necking begins to occur. The ductility of the recycled specimen is degraded after going through the recycling operations. With an increase in strain rate, the flow stress and damage evolution become more pronounced. This work contributes valuable information that can be established in various engineering applications significantly to improve the existing recycling process.
Microstructural Analysis of Strain Rate Dependence for Commercial Dual Phase Steel DP590 Undergoing Finite Strain Deformation
Authors: Kamarulzaman MF ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mohd Nor MK , Samad MSA ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,   PROTON Holdings Bhd,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,   PROTON Holdings Bhd
Published: July 2024

This paper analyses the correlation of strain rate dependency of the material with sheet metals manufactured orientation that would influenced the microstructural changes in terms of martensite-ferrite and voids characteristics. The investigation on the deformation behaviour of Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) DP 590 was conducted using a uniaxial tensile test along the two principal directions that is through longitudinal (0°) and transverse (90°) through the strain rates of 1x10-1s-1to 1x10-4s-1. This allows for a strain rate dependency analysis conducted via stress-strain curve development. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is used to examine the deformed microstructure for micro structural behaviour and for the void analysis on the number of voids and the average void sizes. Referring to the stress-strain curve, it is shown that the mechanical properties of the specimen behaved differently at those preferred orientations and are sensitive to the changes in the loading conditions. This could be observed as the DP590 at 0⁰ of rolling direction have higher stiffness value as compared to the 90° of transverse direction, the variant of the response of the material could be observed to be mildly an isotropically inclined instead of behaves as an isotropically behaved material. The response is also observable within the deformed microstructure. For instance, the higher strain rate indicates a higher number of voids, with a larger average void sizes, from this response it is observed the changes of the strain rate of the material would affect the material behaviour. As for the ferrite-martensite analysis, it could be observed in both different material orientations that as the lower strain rate was applied to the specimen, the strength of the material tends to become weaker since the martensite island becomes smaller at smaller strain rate levels.
Study Of Various Thermal Conductivity Layers in Bioheat Transfer Against Thermal Distribution on Human Skin with Finite Difference Method (FDM)
Authors: Wahyudi Slamet ,   Brawijaya University, Azka Ramadhan Fakhrizal ,   Brawijaya University
Published: July 2024

Development of science are often found with the connection between science and another that forms a brands newscience.one among the new sciences is biomechanics with one among its scientific fields is bioheat transfer which is applied to human skin.one among the factors that influence the heat propagation of skin tissue is thermal conductivity because theability of materials to conduct heat. the aim of this study was to work out the mathematical model of bioheat transfer with a one-dimensional finite difference method and therefore the effect of thermal conductivity on its temperature distribution. The modelis often made with combine the Pennes H.H equation to the steady state then the chosen parameter entered into it. The results of the study were compared between the finite difference method and therefore the analytic method. The results of comparative studies indicate a rise in temperature distribution but between the 2still have differences (error).Changes in environmental temperature affect the temperature distribution in human skin. While the thermal conductivity of various layers has no significant effect, the worth of temperature distributed between points increases regularly from the core of the body to the outer layer of human skin.
Briquette Shape Roles in Carbothermal Reduction Process of Limonitic Laterite Nickel
Authors: Abdul Fakhreza ,   Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Yusuf Ridarto Afif Maulana , Setyowati Vuri Ayu , Setiyorini Yuli , Pintowantoro Sungging ,   Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember,   Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya,   Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember,   Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Published: July 2024

Lateritic ore carbothermalreduction is currently the focus of many researchers. This process uses a relatively lower temperature of operation than the smelting. Therefore, the carbothermal reduction process has a relatively lower primary energy demand and CO2 gas emissions. This research examines the appropriate briquette form to obtain the optimum recovery, concentration of nickel, and selective reduction of nickel, as well as analyzes the compounds/phases formed. The briquette in this study was formed into three different geometries, i.e., the pillow, spherical, and cylindrical forms. First, this research was carried out by mixing the raw materials and forming it into specified briquette forms. Second, the formed briquettes were put into a crucible. Third, the coal-limestone bed mixture was used to cover the briquettes. Then, the carbothermic reduction process was started by heating to 700 oC for 2 hours and continued to 1400 oC for 6 hours. Finally, the magnetic separation process was performed to separate the reduced briquettes. As a result, the cylindrical shape briquette obtained better results at 6.74% Ni, with a nickel recovery of 96.20% and a selectivity factor value of 10.39. The compounds formed after carbothermic reduction process products include FeNi, Fe3Si, and SiO2. In a spherical-shaped briquette, Fe3O4 and Mg2SiO4were found in the reduced product, indicating impurities in the reduced briquettes.
Exoskeletons for Elderly Activity of Daily Living Assistance: A Review of Upper Limb Exoskeletons and Assessments
Authors: Abdul Jalal Muhammad Fairuz ,   Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Haizi Harith Hazreen , Wan Hasan Wan Zuha , S.F. Salim Mazatulfazura , Lin Ta-Te ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia,   Universiti Putra Malaysia,   Universiti Putra Malaysia,   National Taiwan University
Published: July 2024

Population ageing is a major global issue. The elderly population aged 65 and above made up approximately 9% of the world's population in 2019, with projections indicating this will rise to 16%, or 1.5 billion individuals, by 2050. The elderly experience a natural decline in strength, endurance, agility, and flexibility. Exoskeletons have the potential to assist the elderly in daily tasks, improve mobility and balance, and provide additional strength, endurance, and capability to maintain accurate limb movement. Their application leads to a more independent and autonomous life, fostering healthy ageing and ageing in place. However, their development requires thorough considerations of functionality and user experience criteria, such as addressing the alignment with human joints, social acceptance, and motivation for exoskeleton usage. This review presents an overview of upper-limb exoskeletons designed to assist the elderly in activities of daily living, focusing on exoskeleton types and assessments. Eighteen upper limb exoskeletons were identified from the literature and categorised based on supported body segment and structure. Most of the exoskeletons are either in the embodiment design or prototyping stages and their evaluations were predominantly performed in the laboratory or simulated environment. Elderly participation in exoskeleton assessment is currently limited. There is a lack of standardized exoskeleton assessments essential for certifications, commercialization, and universal benchmarks in diverse studies. These standards would ensure consistent, repeatable, reliable, validated, and comparable findings
Эффективность приемов основной обработки почвы под ячмень в условиях юго-востока ЦЧР
Authors: Гармашов Владимир Михайлович , Говоров Виктор Николаевич , Крячкова Мария Петровна
Published: July 2024

В 2021 – 2023 гг. изучена эффективность различных обработок почвы при возделывании ячменя в зернопропашном севообороте в условиях юго-востока ЦЧР. Применение классической на глубину 20 – 22 см и глубокой на 25 – 27 см отвальных обработок почвы под ячмень показали максимальную эффективность при наибольшей урожайности 1,94 т/га по глубокой вспашке. При использовании приемов минимизации обработки почвы под культуру обозначилась тенденция к снижению урожайности ячменя на 5 – 6 % до существенных значений при поверхностной и нулевой обработках почвы соотвественно на 0,35 и 0,60 т/га (HCP05 = 0,34 т/га). Ячмень показал высокую отзывчивость на удобрение N60P60K60 — урожайность в среднем по опыту увеличилась практически в 2 раза (на 193 %). Наибольший эффект от удобрений получен при вспашке на глубину 20 – 22 см — 1,69 т/га. Наиболее высокие показатели качества зерна ячменя получены при отвальной обработке почвы на глубину (14 – 16) – (25 – 27) см. Применение систематической поверхностной и нулевой обработок приводит к снижению показателей качества зерна ячменя. Применение N60P60K60 способствовало повышению содержания белка в зерне, при этом высокая эффективность удобрений отмечена при отвальной обработке на глубину 20 – 27 см и нулевой обработке.
Изменение структуры сплава ВЖМ4-ВИ в процессе высокотемпературной солевой коррозии при 750 °C
Authors: Мовенко Д. А. , Заводов А. В. , Лаптев А. В. , Лощинина А. О.
Published: July 2024

Проведены испытания образцов из сплава ВЖМ4-ВИ на стойкость к высокотемпературной солевой коррозии в среде Na2SO4 + NaCl при 750 °C. С использованием специализированного программного обеспечения выполнены расчеты равновесных составов фаз, образующихся при взаимодействии сплава ВЖМ4-ВИ с кислородом и серой в диапазоне температур 600 – 1000 °C. Исследованы изменения структуры и состава поверхностного слоя образцов из сплава ВЖМ4-ВИ в процессе высокотемпературной солевой коррозии методами растровой и просвечивающей электронной микроскопии. На основании результатов исследования составлены диаграммы строения коррозионного слоя в сплаве после 5 и 20 циклов испытаний, определен количественный состав основных фаз в продуктах коррозии сплава ВЖМ4-ВИ, выполнена качественная оценка диффузии рения, тантала и рутения.
Спиральные подструктуры нанопроволок, определяемые универсальной строительной единицей (тетраблоком)
Authors: Талис Александр Леонидович , Крапошин Валентин Сидорович
Published: July 2024

На примере линейных подструктур модификаций Mn показаны два типа спиралей из объединяемых по граням тетраблоков — семивершинных объединений четырех тетраэдров. Рассмотрены экспериментальные данные, подтверждающие существование таких спиральных упаковок в структурах металлических нанопроволок. Некристаллографическая симметрия спиральной упаковки тетраблоков позволяет адекватно описывать строение кристаллических и некристаллических тетраэдрических структур, которые имеют и плотноупакованные металлы.
Получение медицинских титановых сплавов со сниженным модулем упругости методом селективного лазерного плавления. Обзор
Authors: Соколова В. В. , Полозов И. А. , Попович А. А.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрены различные системы биосовместимых сплавов, преимущественно на основе систем Ti – Nb и Ti – Ta, используемых для медицинских целей. Проанализированы особенности получения таких сплавов методом селективного лазерного плавления. Представлены перспективы дальнейшего применения аддитивных технологий получения качественного и безопасного материала с использованием β-титановых порошковых сплавов для медицинских изделий с повышенными эксплуатационными свойствами.
Структура и свойства плазменной наплавки из быстрорежущей стали Р2М9Ю
Authors: Громов Виктор Евгеньевич , Иванов Юрий Федорович , Юрьев Алексей Борисович , Миненко С. С. , Гостевская Анастасия Николаевна
Published: July 2024

Исследована структура четырехслойных покрытий общей толщиной 9 мм из молибденовой быстрорежущей стали Р2М9Ю. Покрытия получены на подложке из стали 30ХГСА при плазменной наплавке порошковой проволокой в смеси аргона и азота. Изучена структура покрытия методами электронной микроскопии и микрорентгеноспектрального анализа на поперечных шлифах. Показано, что микротвердость наплавленного слоя изменяется в пределах 5,2 – 6,6 ГПа. Это обусловлено формированием в наплавленном слое неоднородной структуры, состоящей из зерен твердого раствора на основе железа, на стыках и по границам которых образовались включения эвтектики, обогащенной преимущественно Mo, Cr и W. Размеры зерен изменяются в пределах 5 – 20 мкм. В объеме зерен выявляется субзеренная структура, свидетельствующая о субструктурном упрочнении наплавленного слоя. Размеры субзерен изменяются в пределах 1,5 – 2,5 мкм. Наплавленный на сталь 30ХГСА слой имеет структуру каркасного типа. Основными легирующими элементами наплавки являются Fe, Mo, Cr, W, Al.
Assessment strategies and challenges of teachers in evaluating students during online learning
Authors: Agtarap Hannah Joyce , Januto Anna Carmela , Aglibot Karl Alvin , Toquero Cathy Mae
Published: July 2024

Education was forced to modify face-to-face classes into three pedagogical approaches: synchronous, asynchronous, and blended learning, requiring teachers to change the grading system, assessment, and evaluation of student performance. This study aimed to determine the assessment tools, strategies, and challenges that teachers encounter during online learning. The researchers conducted an online and face-to-face survey that consisted of 75 questions to 50 online teachers who were selected through convenience sampling from seven public and private elementary schools. Findings indicate that most teachers apply traditional assessment strategies to evaluate students in online learning. Some online assessment applications like Edpuzzle, Google Classroom, Kahoot, and Quizzes are rarely used to assess student learning. Teachers, however, frequently utilized Facebook and Messenger in delivering assessments. They applied multiple assessment strategies in online learning to accommodate the learning styles of their students. However, data revealed that most teachers have difficulty ensuring the quality of participation, integrating authentic assessment into online learning, and using online assessment applications. It is recommended for teachers to provide their students with balanced assessment, timely communication, constructive feedback, group multimedia projects, appropriate instructional materials, and alternative online tools to enable meaningful learning.
Use of the artificial intelligence in teaching the concept of magnetism in preschool education
Authors: Samara Vasiliki , Kotsis Konstantinos T.
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the design, implementation, and results of a teaching intervention in a Greek kindergarten where the researcher works, highlighting the significant positive impact of artificial intelligence (AI) tools on children’s learning of the concept of Magnetism. The teaching intervention was implemented as an extension of the specific thematic unit that had already been the subject of processing in kindergarten, using STEM tools and new technologies. A total of 3 activities with AI applications were implemented, with a total duration of 8 teaching hours. The methodology was based on the experiential and interdisciplinary approach and cooperative and playful learning. The role of the kindergarten teacher was helpful and supportive during the implementation of the action and its evaluation by the children. The children worked in small groups, where their group members mainly supported them in any difficulty. Children turned to the kindergarten teacher only for issues related to technical difficulties in handling the software. The educational intervention was evaluated through presentations of each group’s work in plenary. At the end of the educational intervention, the children were asked what they liked and what they found difficult. The results of the present action are very encouraging, as the use of artificial intelligence tools particularly activated children’s participation in the whole process and worked supportively and creatively in their mental potential.
Automated technological support and improvement of the operational properties of machine parts
Authors: Suslov Anatoliy , Petreshin Dmitriy , Shalygin Mikhail , Khandozhko Viktor
Published: July 2024

The article outlines two directions of automated engineering support for the operational properties of machine parts (wear resistance, contact stiffness, etc.). The first direction is a traditional one. It's a two-stage provision of the operational properties of machine parts: in the first stage it is the dimensioning of working surfaces quality of the part that determines the required values of operational properties; in the second stage it is technological provision of quality parameters for the working surfaces of machine parts. The second new direction is a single – stage automated engineering support for the current operational properties of machine parts, which has been actively developed over the past 25 years at the Bryansk State Technical University. It is based on the theoretical and experimental dependences of the relationship between the operational properties of machine parts directly with the processing modes of their working surfaces. Various automated systems of scientific research have been developed to obtain experimental dependencies. An example of such an automated system for studying contact stiffness is given. Adaptive control systems used on various machines for high-performance engineering support aimed at obtaining the required quality parameters of the treated surfaces and their operational properties have been developed. When processing new materials and taking into account the absence of theoretical and experimental data, it is possible to use self-learning technological systems. An example of such a system used for a lathe, is given. All these developments contribute to the creation of the machines with artificial intelligence.
Mechanical product structure
Authors: Bazrov Boris
Published: July 2024

The structure of the product design affects the efficiency of its operation and the labor-output ratio. The structure of the product design can be represented using flat and spatial graphs, which are characterized by the number of levels and the number of elements located at each level, where both a node and a part can act as an element. Flat graph shows the connec-tions between the elements of the product design, their dependence, indicating the bases of each element, but at the same time it does not reflect their spatial location. The spatial graph illustrates the layout of the product structure in space. Hence, the structure of the product design should be understood as the relative location of the product design elements, their types and the number of each element. There is a direct connection between the structure of the product design and the level of its complexity. The more complex the product design structure, the higher the level of design complexity. Such connection allows
CogNarr Ecosystem: Preliminary Thoughts on a Story Graph Meaning Representation
Authors: Boik John C.
Published: July 2024

Societies face a host of environmental, social, technical, economic, and other kinds of challenges and problems that must be successfully addressed. Our capacity to do so depends, in part, on the quality and functionality of the deliberation, strategizing, collaborative problem solving, and decision making processes that we engage in. There is need for new tools and approaches that facilitate these processes, especially in the large-group setting where face-to-face interactions are not possible. In that setting, how can each participant's potentially complex, nuanced, and dynamic perspective be heard and understood by the group as a whole? The nascent CogNarr (Cognitive Narrative) ecosystem, proposed in a companion paper, provides a potential answer. Its purpose is to facilitate group cognition, especially in the large-group setting. To accomplish this, the CogNarr computational system must be able to understand the meaning of text, chart, and other kinds of user input, and perform various analytic tasks based on that understanding. A first, key step in the computational pipeline is to convert user input into a meaning representation that is less ambiguous than natural language and that is readable and understandable by both humans and computers. The details of that meaning representation have not yet been specified. This concept paper discusses meaning representations commonly used in natural language inference, provides a desiderata of features for a custom CogNarr meaning representation, and offers some preliminary thoughts on the design of a CogNarr meaning representation and its use in computational pipelines.
Enduring Mental Health in Childhood and Adolescence: Prevalence, Prediction, and Genetic Architecture
Authors: Alrouh Hekmat , Bartels Meike , Middeldorp Christel , Pool René
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe concept of Enduring Mental Health (EMH) describes a long-term state where an individual does not experience any mental disorders, a rarity as studies indicate that most people encounter mental health issues at some point. This study aims to investigate the prevalence, predictors, and genetic architecture of EMH across childhood. MethodsEMH status was based on longitudinal data from 18,884 Dutch twins assessed at ages 3, 5, 7, 10, and 12 for behavioral and emotional problems. Children were pooled into 3 categories: EMH, some instances of mental health problems (SIMHP), and many instances of mental health problems (MIMHP). Child and parent level factors including individual polygenic scores were tested for associations with the three categories. A twin model was used to assess the balance of genetic and environmental factors influencing EMH. ResultsThirty seven percent of the sample had EMH. EMH was associated with parental education (OR(low) =0.77[0.70-0.86]; OR(middle) = 0.88[0.82-0.95]), child academic achievement (OR=1.07[1.03,1.12]), and child wellbeing (OR=1.44[1.35,1.54]), and was weakly associated with some polygenic scores. The twin model estimated 54% of the variance in EMH being due to genetic factors.ConclusionEMH is observed in only a minority of children. Differences in EMH are partly explained by genetic differences. These findings highlight that we need to go beyond one-size-fits all approaches to foster and build mental health resilience in young populations.
Longitudinal changes in functional capacity, cognition, and behaviour in the frontotemporal dementias and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Foxe David , Irish Muireann , Cheung Sau Chi , D’Mello Mirelle , Hwang Yun Tae , Muggleton James , Cordato Nicholas J. , Piguet Olivier
Published: July 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the changes in functional capacity, cognition, and behavioural disturbances with disease progression in a well-characterised cohort of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and typical and atypical presentations of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods: We recruited 126 behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD), 40 progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA), 64 semantic dementia (SD), 45 logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA), and 115 typical AD patients. Functional capacity, cognition, and behavioural disturbances were measured annually over ~7 years using the Disability Assessment for Dementia, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III, and the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory-Revised carer questionnaire, respectively.Results: Linear mixed effects models revealed disproportionate functional impairment in bvFTD at baseline and throughout the study period, relative to the other dementia syndromes. In contrast, functional capacity among the other syndromes showed a more uniform pattern of decline, with less severe functional impairment at baseline and ~7-10% mean annual decline. Early functional impairments in bvFTD coincided with pronounced behavioural, eating, and motivational disturbances, which remained relatively stable over the study period. In contrast, SD patients demonstrated an escalation of florid behavioural changes including stereotypical and eating changes. While florid behavioural problems remained relatively indolent in PNFA, LPA, and AD, motivational disturbances emerged across all groups with disease progression. Finally, all groups demonstrated cognitive decline, most severe in the LPA group.Conclusion: Our findings provide a comprehensive overview of distinct functional, cognitive, and behavioural profiles across dementia syndromes with disease progression. Identifying pivotal progression milestones across syndromes has the potential to improve clinical management and reduce carer burden.
Clinical Utility of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale: A Survey of German Mental Health Professionals
Authors: Wendt Leon Patrick , Klein Eva M. , Benecke Cord , Singer Susanne , Maier Lena , Engesser Deborah , van Haaren Yannik , Zimmermann Johannes
Published: July 2024

The DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) and ICD-11 adopt a dimensional approach to personality disorders, defining them in terms of impairments of self-related (identity, self-direction) and interpersonal (empathy, intimacy) personality functions. This study examined the clinical utility of a clinician-rated global evaluation of personality functioning based on the Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS). A total of 346 German mental health professionals provided LPFS ratings for 1,403 patients, stratified by thirty-eight diagnostic categories. Recommended treatment components and treatment outcomes were obtained for each patient to examine the predictive utility of the LPFS. Clinicians further provided their perspective on its clinical utility and potential risk of stigmatizing patients. On average, clinicians rated the LPFS as "very useful", its applicability as "rather easy", and the risk of patient stigmatization as "rather low". Logistic and ordinal Bayesian multilevel models indicated pronounced associations between pretreatment LPFS ratings and treatment variables, thereby providing evidence for its predictive utility. In particular, greater impairments in personality functioning were associated with poorer treatment outcomes, and associations with recommended treatment components yielded a nuanced pattern, with short-term outpatient psychotherapy being rather recommended for mild impairments, long-term psychotherapy for moderate to severe impairments, and intensive care interventions for extreme impairments (e.g., outreach care, psychiatric nursing, assisted living). The results indicate that German mental health professionals consider the LPFS as a clinically useful concept that may be valuable in providing prognostic information about patients and guiding treatment decisions.
A sketch grammar of Igu, the shamanic language of the Kera’a
Authors: Reinöhl Uta , Pulu Pachu , Wallner Usha
Published: July 2024

This paper offers the first linguistic description of Igu, the shamanic language of the Kera’a (also 'Idu(Mishmi)'), and thus presents one of the first linguistic descriptions of an Eastern Himalayan rituallanguage. The Kera’a are a Tibeto‐Burman‐speaking society of ca. 10 000‐16 000 members, based inand around the very northeastern Himalayan river valley of India, in the Dibang Valley and LowerDibang Valley districts of Arunachal Pradesh. The Kera’a refer to their modern spoken language simply as Kera’a or Kera’a ekobe (‘Kera’a tongue’). For shamanic rituals, shamans recite in Igu (or Igu ekobe), which the Kera’a consider to be a separate language from Kera'a. Igu is mastered and used by shamans (and their assistants) in rituals, as well as passively understood by knowledgeable elders. This paper demonstrates that Igu is a language in its own right, which partially differs on all core levels ‐ lexical, phonological, morphological, syntactic ‐ from Kera'a. While these differences can in part be accounted for by genre differences, they also point to Igu retaining ancestral forms and structures. Igu consists of several different historical layers, both older and more recent, and its research can thus make valuable contributions to elucidating Eastern Himalayan ethnolinguistic history.
Religion, Identity, and Preferences
Authors: Teeselink Bouke Klein , Melios Georgios
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the causal effect of religious identification on political preferences, gender norms, and group behavior. Using clergy abuse scandals as exogenous variation in Catholicism, we analyze data from millions of U.S. college freshmen and county-level voting records. We find that religious de-identification leads to more progressive views on social issues and gender norms, but more conservative stances on healthcare and military spending. Overall, secularization causes a leftward shift in political orientation. Religious de-identification also reduces engagement in other group activities. As individuals disaffiliate from Catholicism, they increasingly identify with their social class, polarizing economic preferences between income groups.
बौद्धिक निराशावोधभित्र गाउँको माया कथामा विद्रोह
Authors: खनाल Khanal गेहेन्द्र Gehendra
Published: July 2024

पूर्णलेख संग नै उपलब्ध छ l
परम्परागत लिम्बू पालाम : पुनार्जगारणको आवश्यकता
Authors: पन्धाक Pandhak पदमादेवी Padmadevi
Published: July 2024

लेखमा नै उपलब्ध छ l
‘Thule Kami’ as a Proletariat Character: A Marxist Reading of Agni
Authors: Sharma Dilli Kumar
Published: July 2024

This article explores the Nepali epic Agni by Nawaraj Lamsal through its proletariat character, ‘Thule Kami’. Using Marxism as its theoretical framing, it analyzes how the existing Nepali society experiences class struggle and how economic power serves as a political power to suppress the powerless people. The article further presents how poverty-stricken people struggle for their livelihood against the socio-economic condition of Nepali society. It brings to light how the rulers and power mongers of society first use and later discard the lower-class people like Thule Kami to fulfill their vested interests. Drawn on the life of the protagonist, it reveals not only the poor economic conditions and exploitation faced by the proletariat but also their evolving consciousness of the need to protest.
The Design, Construction, and Testing of Nucleic Acid Vaccines Against Salmonella Enterica Subspecies Enterica Serovar Javiana
Authors:   , Nguyen Alexis
Published: July 2024

Salmonella spp. is a Gram-negative bacterium that has the ability to replicate within a variety of hosts, or within the environment, including water, soil, and vegetation. These characteristics, coupled with the zoonotic nature of non-typhoidal Salmonella, pose a significant public health concern. Salmonella is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide, and in the United States alone, the economic impact due to non-typhoidal Salmonella illnesses in 2013 was estimated to be $3.7 billion, the majority of which were due to mortalities. In a time of rising antibiotic resistance, antibiotics are no longer considered the most effective treatment for salmonellosis. Instead, treatment primarily involves antidiarrheals and fluid therapy. However, preventing infection eliminates the need for treatment. While there are commercially available vaccines against Salmonella, none of them provide protection against Salmonella Javiana, which is among the top 5 most common serotypes in the United States. Nucleic acid vaccines provide an opportunity to combat Salmonella safely and effectively in a cost effective and rapid manner, while offering protection across multiple serotypes. This project explores the design, construction, and in vitro testing of various multi-epitope nucleic acid vaccines, including plasmid DNA, messenger RNA, and self-amplifying RNA, against Salmonella Javiana.
Revisionary Taxonomy within the Acmaeoderini
Authors:   , Dubois Joel
Published: July 2024

"The jewel beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) are the 8th largest family of beetles and fill various important ecological roles including decomposers, pollinators, and leaf miners. The cosmopolitan buprestid tribe Acmaeoderini is extremely diverse, with more than 700 species across 14 genera. Historically, the acmaederines from Afro-Eurasia have received thorough morphological treatment and nearly all species from these areas have been separated into various genus and subgenus groupings. Contrastingly, past studies in the Americas have been mostly restricted to alpha-level taxonomic descriptions, and only a very small percentage of species are placed into any formal group. The aim of this study was to conduct both higher-level and lower-level taxonomic studies on the Nearctic Acmaeoderini as a means of beginning to understand the Nearctic members of the group. This was achieved through a number of different studies and approaches, including a higher-level molecular study, a species-group-level molecular study, a review of a genus and species-group using morphological data, and descriptive studies of adults and larvae. Molecular projects in this study employed the use of the mitochondrial COI gene and analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood trees. While low branch support was seen in the roots of the trees, higher support was evident throughout various crowns, even with many species having long branch lengths. The Nearctic Acmaeoderini were recovered as non-monophyletic, and the Acmaeodera pulchella complex was found to be nonmonophyletic by species, with low divergence between all specimens. Due to this, the A. pulchella complex is proposed to be a single species, Acmaeodera pulchella, with A. mixta synonymized under it and A. immaculata downgraded to subspecific status. The Acmaeoderopsis was morphologically examined and a key to species was determined. A total of 12 species were recovered, with Acmaeoderopsis prosopis proposed as a synonym of Acmaeoderopsis hualpaiana. The Acmaeodera pinalorum group was reviewed, and a new subgenus Acmaeodera (Acmaeopenicillia) was proposed for the 7 species in the group. The larva of Acmaeodera immaculata was described and illustrated with comparisons made to the larvae of Palearctic Acmaeodera. Brachmaeodera tantilla was confirmed to occur in Madagascar, and the ovipositor and aedeagus of this species was examined."
AI and Automation's Role in Iberian Fact-checking Agencies
Authors: Gonçalves Adriana ,   Universidade da Beira Interior Departamento de Comunicação, Torre Luísa , Oliveira Florence , Jerónimo Pedro ,   Universidade da Beira Interior,   Universidade da Beira Interior,   Universidade da Beira Interior
Published: July 2024

The improvement of automation and AI tools has prompted transformations in journalistic practices, including factchecking. Fact-checking a posteriori has acquired special relevance due to the increasing amount of disinformation on digital platforms and, given its breadth, automation became a need for verifiers to check content online. In this context, AI-based and automation technologies are deployed in all stages of the fact-checking process: identification, checking itself and distribution of content. Studies that map the uses of these tools in fact-checking are still incipient, a lacuna that this study aims to fulfil. This proposal investigates the use of technologies in all specialised Iberian fact-checking agencies, signatories of the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN): Polígrafo, Verificat, Newtral and Maldita.es. Through semi-structured interviews with representatives of these agencies, we found that automation and AI tools are used in monitoring and filtering internet and media content; transcription of verifiable phrases; verification of images and videos; selection of content submitted by the audience. Interviewees agree that automation has become crucial for monitoring content on social networks, making fact-checkers work more effective, broader, and faster, despite some ethical concerns. Finally, we advocate that technological tools are important allies, but the human element remains the key to interpreting and deconstructing disinformation.
Modelización de costes de la preservación digital: un caso abierto
Authors: Carmen Díez-Carrera  , José-Ramón Cruz-Mundet
Published: July 2024

Conocer, medir y parametrizar cuánto cuesta la preservación digital permanente ha sido objeto de atención desde losprimeros estudios a mediados de los 90 del siglo pasado. Establecer un modelo para el cálculo de los costes de lapreservación digital es una aspiración que consume esfuerzos considerables, ha dado algunos frutos, pero aún no haalcanzado su objetivo. La preservación digital permanente es por ahora incapaz de contestar a la sencilla pregunta de¿cuánto vale? Así, sin un modelo para el cálculo de los costes, es difícil de adoptar decisiones oportunas, que implicanla adopción de compromisos financieros a largo plazo. Por ello, el objeto central de este trabajo es analizar los diferentesproyectos y medir los avances hacia un futuro modelo operativo y aceptado. Nos proponemos analizar la continuidadde los modelos empíricos desarrollados y las características de las últimas propuestas, para obtener una imagen lo másprecisa posible del estado en el que se halla la cuestión.