bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPORTANCE OF SOURCE CONTROL IN THE SUBGROUP OF INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTIONS FOR SEPTIC SHOCK PATIENTS: ANALYSIS OF 390 CASES.
Authors: Önal Uğur , Akyol Deniz , Kenanoğlu Olcay Buse , Mert Merve , Başkol Dilşah , Memetali Seichan Chousein , Şanlıdağ Gamze , Bulut Cansu , Kaya Arda , Uyan Önal Ayşe , Yalçın Nazlıhan , Guliyeva Günel , Dirik Şükrü , Acet Oğuzhan , Akdağ Damla , Demir Melike , Bozbıyık Osman , Göktepe Berk , Gümüş Tufan , Çankayalı İlkin , Demirağ Kubilay , Uyar Mehmet , Sipahi Hilal , Erdem Hüseyin Aytaç , Taşbakan Meltem Işıkgöz , Arda Bilgin , Aydemir Şöhret , Ulusoy Sercan , Sipahi Oğuz Reşat
Published: June 2024

Background: In this study it was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and timing with technique of the source control for the subgroup of septic shock (SS) patients with intraabdominal infections (IAI) in a tertiary-care educational hospital.
Methods: Patients who had SS with IAI and consulted by Infectious Diseases consultants between December 2013 and October 2022 in our centre were analyzed retrospectively.
Results: A total number of 390 patients were included. Overall day-30 mortality (OMM) was 42.5% on day 3 while day 14 and 30 mortality rates were 63.3% and 71.3%, respectively. Source control by surgical or percutaneous operation was performed in 123 of 390 cases (31.5%) and mortality rate was significantly lower in cases that were performed source control at anytime during SS (65/123-52.8% vs 213/267-79.8%, p<0.001). In 44 of 123 cases (35.7%) source control was performed during the first 12 hours and mortality was significantly lower in this group versus others (24/44-54.5% vs 254/346-73.4%, p=0.009). On the other hand, female gender (p<0.001, odds ratio(OR)=1.714-5.054, 95%CI=1.714-5.054), diabetes mellitus (p= 0.014, OR=2.284, 95%CI=1.179-4.424), carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative etiology (p=0.011, OR=4.386, 95%CI=1.398-13.759), SOFA≥10 (p<0.001, OR=3.036, 95%CI=1.802-5.114), lactate >3 mg/dl (p<0.001, OR=2.764, 95%CI=1.562-4.891) and lack of source control (p=0.001, OR=2.796, 95%CI=1.523-5.133) were significantly associated with OMM in logistic regression analysis.
Conclusions: Source control has a vital importance in terms of mortality rates for IAI related septic shock patients. Our study underscores the need for additional research, as the present analysis indicates that early source control does not manifest as a protective factor in logistic regression.
Expression of oxidative stress and inflammatory indicators for coronary artery disease in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Zhang Haibo
Published: June 2024

Background: The paper was to investigate the clinical relevance of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation-associated target in coronary artery lesions (CALs) associated with Kawasaki disease (KD).
Methods: The data of clinical from 455 sufferers diagnosed with KD between February 2021 and June 2023 were gathered and fell into two groups: CAL and NCAL. The regression analysis was conducted to search independent covariates for CALs related to OS and inflammation. The predictive nomogram was structured according to these risk factors. The properties of the model were estimated using calibration and receiver operating characteristic curves.
Results: The levels of CRP, IL-6, PLT count, ESR, ox-HDL, MDA, and PLR were dramatically more elevate, interestingly, HDL and SOD were low in the CAL group. Ascension of CRP, IL-6, ESR, ox-HDL, MDA, and PLR, and diminution of HDL and SOD were considered as independent risk factors. The nomogram constructed using these factors demonstrated a satisfactory calibration degree and discriminatory power, with an area under the curve of 0.812. In the verification set, the area under the curve was found to be 0.799.
Conclusion: The model was established according to 8 OS and inflammation- associated risk factors bound up with CALs in sufferers with KD, and maybe a usable approach for early diagnosis of CALs in KD.
Association of rheumatoid arthritis with glucose- 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency—results from a case-control study
Authors: Dore Maria Pina , Pes Giovanni Mario , Mereu Sandro , Piroddu Jessica , Cavagna Lorenzo , Erre Gian Luca
Published: June 2024

Carriers of G6PD deficiency were at an increased risk of RA. This finding opens new windows to better understanding the RA pathogenesis.
Low incidence of anti-PF4/heparin antibodies in patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia
Authors: Reikvam Håkon , Jenssen Lægreid Ingvild , Hausberg Sørvoll Ingvild , Sollid Tom , Mørtberg Trude Victoria , Ahlén Maria Therese , Johansen Silje
Published: June 2024

Not relevant
Waldenström Macroglobulinemia - A State-of-the-Art Review: Part 1: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinicopathologic characteristics, differential diagnosis, risk stratification, and clinical problems.
Authors: Bibas Michele , Castillo Jorge J. , Sarosiek Shayna
Published: June 2024

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is an infrequent variant of lymphoma, classified as a B-cell malignancy identified by the presence of IgM paraprotein, infiltration of clonal, small lymphoplasmacytic B cells in the bone marrow, and the MYD88 L265P mutation, which is observed in over 90% of cases. The direct invasion of the malignant cells into tissues like lymph nodes and spleen, along with the immune response related to IgM, can also lead to various health complications, such as cytopenias, hyperviscosity, peripheral neuropathy, amyloidosis, and Bing-Neel syndrome. Chemoimmunotherapy has historically been considered the preferred treatment for WM, wherein the combination of rituximab and nucleoside analogues, alkylating drugs, or proteasome inhibitors has exhibited notable efficacy in inhibiting tumour growth. Recent studies have provided evidence that Bruton Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors (BTKI), either used independently or in conjunction with other drugs, have been shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of WM. The disease is considered to be non-curable, with a median life expectancy of 10 to 12 years.
RECENT ADVANCES IN THE DEFINITION OF THE MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS OCCURRING IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Authors: Testa Ugo , Pelosi Elvira , Castelli Germana , Leone Giuseppe
Published: June 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disorder of the monoclonal plasma cells and is the second most common hematologic malignancy. MM initiation and progression are dependent upon complex genomic abnormalities. The current pathogenic model of MM includes two types of primary events, represented by chromosome translocations or chromosome number alterations resulting in hyperdiploidy. These primary molecular events are observed both in MM and in monoclonal gammopathy, its premalignant precursor. Subsequent genetic events allow the progression of monoclonal gammopathy to MM and, together with primary events, contribute to the genetic complexity and heterogeneity of MM.
Newer therapies have considerably improved patient outcomes; however, MM remains an incurable disease and most patients experience multiple relapses.
The dramatic progresses achieved in the analysis of the heterogeneous molecular features of different MM patients allowed a comprehensive molecular classification of MM and the definition of an individualized prognostic model to predict an individual MM patient’s response to different therapeutic options. Despite these progresses, prognostic models fail to identify a significant proportion of patients destined to early relapse. Treatment strategies are increasingly. Based on disease biology, trials are enriched for high-risk MMs, whose careful definition and categorization requires DNA sequencing studies.
 
Keywords: Multiple Myeloma; Chromosome Abnormalities; Molecular Events; Mutations.
Increasing Blood Oxygen Saturation following 6 minutes’ Walk Test in Healthy Human Volunteers with Coca erythroxylon 6CH and Vanadium metallicum 6CH: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Mandal Dibyendu , Ansary Samiul , Gunin Amit , Saha Subhranil , Midya Ayan , Das Suhisna , Mukherjee Shyamal Kumar
Published: June 2024

Background:

Oxygen saturation (SpO2) is an essential component during patient care and management because a variety of acute negative consequences on specific organs and systems can result from hypoxemia.

Aim and Objective:

The effects of two homeopathic medicines, Coca erythroxylon 6CH and Vanadium metallicum 6CH, were explored against placebos on blood SpO2 following a 6-min walk test (6MWT) in apparently healthy human volunteers after 3 days of intervention.

Subjects and Methods:

A 3-day, randomized (1:1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial was conducted on 60 healthy human volunteers. Participants were randomized to Coca erythroxylon (n = 20), Vanadium metallicum (n = 20), and identical-looking placebos (n = 20). Blood SpO2% (primary), peak expiratory flow (PEF; mL), and breath holding timing (s) were measured at baseline once preintervention and postintervention and again before and after a 6MWT. Interventions were administered 4 times a day for 3 consecutive days. Group differences were estimated using a one-way analysis of variance. Significance levels were set at P < 0.05 two-tailed.

Results:

Statistically significant differences in pre- and postintervention mean changes were observed in blood SpO2% in the Coca erythroxylon group in comparison with the others (F
2,57 = 3.815, P = 0.028); however, no such significant differences could be observed in PEF and breath holding time. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusion:

Coca erythroxylon significantly increased blood SpO2% following a 6MWT in healthy human volunteers. It is necessary to conduct definitive trials to validate the findings.

Trial Registration: CTRI/2022/08/044810; UTN: U1111-1281-3263.
The Benefits of Physical Indoor Activity during Self-Quarantine
Authors: Bhutada Roshna Sukhdevji
Published: June 2024

The on-going novel coronavirus 2019 from the outbreak of China is affecting many more countries almost 213 have been reported. The highest number of cases till July 10, 2020, is from the country United States. India is the 2nd most country which has been affected by novel coronavirus 2019. In certain nations, wellness focuses and different areas where people are typically dynamic will remain briefly shut. Remaining at home for delayed timeframes can represent a critical test for residual truly dynamic. Self-quarantine can likewise cause extrapressure and challenge the emotional well-being of residents. Physical action and unwinding procedures can be significant apparatuses to assist you with staying cool and keep on securing your well-being during this time. Physical activity should not be confused with exercise. Physical activity means the movement of the body that uses the energy. It can be moderate or vigorous intensity. Let’s be active everyone and every day. Regular physical activity reduces the risk of noncommunicable diseases such as blood pressure, ischemic heart disease, stroke, blood sugar level, and colon and breast cancer. All conditions increase the susceptibility to COVID-19. Moreover, mainly in the lockdown, the new things for people it will help you from to maintain your weight and from anxiety and depression.
Evaluation of Efficacy of MV Loop for En masse Anterior Retraction as Compared to Opus and Snail Loop Using Finite Element Method and Clinical Intervention: A Research Protocol
Authors: Jadhav Vikrant V. , Kamble Ranjit , Shrivastav Sunita , Thote Abhishek , Tiwari Meenakshi
Published: June 2024

Background:

In orthodontics, space closure after extraction is crucial. Frictionless mechanics in preadjusted “edgewise appliance” treatment in orthodontics are better alternatives to friction mechanics. The major benefit is dissipation of force, a high M: F ratio and a low load-deflection rate which is not there in friction mechanics. The retraction loops are Snail loop, Opus loop, K Sir loop, L loop etc. which are used as force system in frictionless mechanics.

Objectives:

To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Multiple Variability (MV) loop for qualitative and quantitative en masse anterior retraction as compared to Opus and Snail loop.

Materials and Methods:

The study will be carried out in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi (M), Wardha with the technical assistance from NIT Engineering College, Pune. MV loop, Opus loop and Snail loop will be fabricated in “0.019 × 0.025, 0.017 × 0.025 inch Titanium Molybdenum alloy (TMA) and 0.017 × 0.025 inch Stainless Steel (SS) wire” with 1 and 2 mm preactivation bends will be analysed on Finite element method (FEM) Software. Then clinical trials will be carried out based on qualitative and quantitative assessment of records for evaluation of MV loop, opus loop and Snail loop.

Expected Results:

The FEM analysis and clinical trials will predict the perfect design of loop with adequate preactivation bends. Mainly on data access layer (DHAL) analysis MV loop showed 10:1 Moment to Force (M:F). Similar results are expected on FEM analysis and clinical trials. MV loop will show superior results as compared to Opus and Snail loop.

Conclusion:

Loop mechanics provide efficient intrusion and retraction in extraction cases. A loop to be effective and efficient needs to clinically as well as mechanically evaluated. MV loop was fabricated to fulfill all the requirements of loop. Clinical evaluation of loop will provide complete effectiveness of loop.
Presence of Pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae on Fingertips of Food Handlers
Authors: Khurana Kartik M. , Hassani Umesh S.
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Food handlers who prepare or handle food and utensils used to prepare or transport food can contaminate food directly or indirectly. Indirect transmission is generally caused by contamination of the fingers of the food handlers. Compared to other parts of the hand, the parts beneath the fingernails, which are the nail beds, can act as vectors that spread microorganisms through cross-contamination.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study are to determine the hygienic status and transport of pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae at the fingertips of food handlers, a study was carried out.

Methodology:

A community-wide cross-sectional study was conducted, considering 50 participants from the medical college; the swabs were taken from the nail beds and fingertips to the laboratory to inoculate over the selective medium, i.e., MacConkey agar and XLD agar. The data were analyzed using Epi Info statistical software.

Results:

Fifty participants were tested for the presence of pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae on both hands, of which only 11 (22%) participants tested negative for Enterobacteriaceae growth on either of their hands. Of 50, 30 participants had their nails properly trimmed and 31 participants said they would not work if they got sick.

Conclusions:

There is a need to educate food handlers about their hygiene and the effect of their hygiene on the possibility of contamination of food. Management must take active steps to minimize the possibility of food contamination.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning on Urological Practice
Authors: Ali Muhammad Jabran Abad , Rangraze Imran
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized urology while reshaping clinical practice and research. It excels in predicting treatment outcomes and enhancing disease diagnosis accuracy, particularly in bladder disorders such as interstitial cystitis, bladder cancer, and reproductive urology. AI’s data analysis capabilities enable early detection and prognosis by identifying patterns in vast datasets. It paves the way for more personalized treatments and reshapes disease classification. In the age of “big data,” AI simplifies complex healthcare information while improving decision-making and patient care. In addition, physical AI applications in robot-assisted surgery and nanotechnology enhance drug administration precision, surgical effectiveness, and patient outcomes. This review highlights AI’s pivotal role in identifying and treating urological disorders, aiding surgical guidance, and advancing tissue engineering, showcasing its significant impact and ongoing progress in the field of urology.
Exploring the Severity of Kinesiophobia at Hospital Discharge in Patients Undergone Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Jaiswal Varoon C. , Misquitta Chenessa , Deshpande Priya , Pawar Pournima , Burman Deepika , Shetty Ramya Anand , Bhondve Arpita , Bhondve Arpita
Published: June 2024

Objective:

The objective of the study was to explore the severity of kinesiophobia at hospital discharge in individuals undergone abdominal surgery by using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11).

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital. Purposive sampling was used to select the individuals. A total of 80 participants (n = 80) were included in the study. The subjects were given the Marathi version of TSK-11. All responses were collected and statistically analyzed.

Results:

There were 80 participants in this study, from which 70% displayed combined “Low” and “Moderate” kinesiophobia levels. This data were collected on the day of discharge, which varied because each of the patients had different lengths of stay. The severity of kinesiophobia in these individuals displayed low-to-moderate levels of kinesiophobia due to the tolerance of pain as it differs from individual to individual.

Conclusions:

The study reveals that low-to-moderate kinesiophobia is common after abdominal surgery. Treatment of kinesiophobia can increase patient well-being and recovery through individualized therapy, early intervention, and psychological support. This study adds insight into postabdominal surgery kinesiophobia, highlighting varying severity levels within this population. Detecting and treating kinesiophobia in abdominal surgery patients can result in customized rehab, fewer complications, and improved health outcomes, promoting overall recovery.
Effectiveness of Eye Exercises in Individuals with Presbyopia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Heggannavar Anand , Tenagi Arvind L. , Pathak Geetan Manoj
Published: June 2024

Background:

Presbyopia is a disorder of the eyes that affects both visual quality and quality of life. It is caused by a steady decline in amplitude accommodation, which is expected to occur with age.

Aims and Objectives:

To investigate the impact of eye exercises on visual acuity, refractive errors, and the Near Activity Vision Questionnaire among individuals with presbyopia.

Methods:

This study comprised 34 presbyopic participants who met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for visual acuity and refractive error by an ophthalmologist. The individuals were split up into two groups. Group A received treatment from an ophthalmologist alone, while Group B received treatment from an ophthalmologist in addition to eye exercises for 2 months.

Results:

The statistical analysis of this study suggested that Group B shows a statistically significant difference in visual acuity of the right (P = 0.01) and left eyes (0.020) and overall satisfaction with near vision (P = 0.001) but not in refractive error of the right and left eyes (P = 0.074 and P = 0.193).

Conclusion:

It has been discovered that eye exercises are clinically beneficial in reducing the symptoms of astenopic, enhancing near vision tasks, and increasing near vision satisfaction overall, but not in reducing refractive error.
Evaluation of Elective Posting on Adverse Drug Reaction and Pharmacovigilance under Competency-based Medical Education Curriculum among Undergraduates: A New Step in Medical Education
Authors: Narwane Sandeep Prakash , Agrawal Palak Ashokkumar , Mahavarakar Varsha Narsingrao
Published: June 2024

Context:

The revised competency-based medical education, the students of 3rd-year part I MBBS are required to undergo elective postings of 1 month based on the student’s needs and choice.

Aims:

This study was undertaken to evaluate the outcome of elective posting of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting as a new teaching tool in pharmacology among 3rd-year part I MBBS students.

Settings and Design:

The students undergoing the elective posting of pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting were evaluated for their knowledge, completeness score (out of 10) of ADRs reported, and their feedback with respect to the posting, in a pretested questionnaire.

Subjects and Methods:

It was a descriptive cross-sectional type conducted in the Pharmacology Department of Dr. Balasaheb Vikhe Patil Rural Medical College and Dr. Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni.

Results:

Six students participated in the study, who reported 96 ADRs. Most of the ADRs (39, 40.6%) were reported immediately after their appearance. The average completeness score of the ADRs reported was 9.44 ± 0.41. The students gave an average score of 1.2 for overall experience of the posting (1 – best and 5 – worst).

Conclusions:

The elective posting with pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting module had a positive impact on the quality of ADR reporting in terms of completeness, causality assessment as well as time of reporting. The students felt confident in reporting ADRs and reflected positively toward the training module.
Anesthetic Management of a Parturient with Cirrhotic Liver with Portal Hypertension Postvariceal Ligation for Emergency Cesarean Section
Authors: Abdulla Thalangara Mukhthar , Nandhini P. , Mishra Gayatri
Published: June 2024

Although it is rare, pregnancy and cirrhosis of the liver provide significant challenge for anesthesiologists. Pregnancy-related physiological changes might worsen portal hypertension (PHTN), which can result in life-threatening consequences such as variceal hemorrhage. A thorough understanding of the effects of pregnancy-related alterations on portal hemodynamics and the implications of PHTN for the health of the mother and fetus is essential for managing pregnancy. We report an unbooked primigravida at 36 weeks who is a diagnosed case of cirrhosis liver with PHTN with esophageal banding done in labor for emergency cesarean section.
Causative Agents and their Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Catheter-related Urinary Tract Infection among Spinal Cord Injury or Disorder Patients
Authors: Abidfaheem Thelakkadan , Leena Chacko Kunnath , Suhail Pattilthodika
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives:

Complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are often difficult to treat because of the existence of isolated antibiotic-resistant strains. Impaired bladder emptying is present in around 60% of spinal cord injuries or disorders patients. The objective of the study was to find the causative agents and their antimicrobial susceptibilities of catheter-related UTIs.

Methods:

The study was conducted among 160 subjects from Calicut District, Kerala, India using the purposive sampling method. From this, 89 were using intermittent and 71 were using indwelling catheterization. UTI was assessed by urine culture and sensitivity test from NABL accredited laboratory.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The association between demographic and clinical variables was performed using the Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The study consisted of 160 spinal cord injuries or disorders patients with a mean age at which injury occurred was 35.66 ± 12.78. For the detection of UTIs, culture and sensitivity of urine were done. Out of them, 115 (72%) had UTIs. Escherichia coli was the most common causative agent of UTI 55 (47.8%), followed by Klebsiella 33 (28.6%), Pseudomonas 9 (7.8%), and Proteus vulgaris 7 (6.3%). The study showed that the most resistant antimicrobial agents for E. coli were ampicillin 39 (71%), amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate 32 (58%), and cefuroxime oral. Less resistant antimicrobial agents to E. coli were doxycycline 12 (21%), cefepime 13 (24%), and gentamicin 16 (29%). The most resistant antimicrobial agents to Klebsiella were ampicillin 33 (100%) and nitrofurantoin 23 (70%).

Conclusion:

UTI is one of the most common complications among spinal cord injuries or disorders patients using a catheter for bladder emptying. Appropriate antibiotics should be prescribed to treat UTIs and to avoid antimicrobial resistance.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Tertiary Teaching Hospital: A Study of AmpC and Biofilm-producing Clinical Isolates
Authors: Yadav Suvarna A. , Pawar Satyajeet K. , Kakade Satish V. , Yadav Kajal S.
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Opportunistic Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prevalent bacteria with a broad spectrum of human-associated infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) claims that Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is a typical healthcare-associated disease of critical or high concern. It is well known for being inherently resistant to many antibiotics and has the ability to produce biofilm. In the present study, we aimed to investigate P. aeruginosa with reference to biofilm and AmpC β-lactamases producing isolates in a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:

An observational cross-sectional study was performed at the Department of Microbiology, KIMS, KVV, Karad, and Krishna Hospital & Medical Research Center, Karad. (KH & MRC). A total of 180 isolates were subjected to this test to find out which produced the AmpC β -lactamase enzyme by the cefoxitin-cloxacillin double-disc synergy test method and biofilm production by tissue culture plate assay method.

Results:

Our study found a total of 97 isolates (53.89%) of AmpC production and biofilm production accounted for 151 (83.89%).

Conclusion:

AmpC- beta-lactamases are responsible for increasing the resistance of P. aeruginosa to several beta-lactam antibiotics and this study also showed that the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa had a higher propensity to form biofilm and that there was a direct association between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance.
A prospective study of functional outcome of treatment of intra-articular fracture of proximal interphalangeal joint by static traction and early mobilization in adults
Authors: Velankar Ameya H. , Ghodke Ashok M. , Singh Sanjeev Kumar
Published: June 2024

Background:

Failure to appropriately address intra-articular fractures of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint may result in enduring pain, stiffness, and post-traumatic arthritis. Our approach employs a straightforward and economical method of creating a static traction splint using an aluminum splint. This splint is removed after 2 weeks, followed by the initiation of early mobilization.

Materials and Methods:

A flexible aluminum splint is placed on the injured finger. A polypropylene suture passes through the nail and is tied to the splint for sustained traction, and the finger is immobilized for 2 weeks. After this period, the splint is removed, and active assisted finger mobilization begins. Patients are assessed post-surgery using the Ishida score.

Results:

This study involved 30 treated patients, with a mean age of 31.47 ± 11.11 years, ranging from 18 to 69 years. Among them, 26 were male and 4 were female, with 20 experiencing right-side involvement. Sports-related injuries were reported in 17 cases, followed by road traffic accidents in 7 cases and slips in 6 cases. The mean range of motion, measured in degrees, was 83.3 ± 0.22. Overall, the patients achieved excellent results.

Conclusion:

Utilizing static traction for intra-articular PIP joint fractures is a safe, relatively straightforward, and cost-effective method with minimal complications. This approach guarantees anatomical joint alignment, promotes favorable fracture healing, and facilitates early mobilization, leading to a swift and satisfactory recovery.
Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal anti-acne patch
Authors: Khan Nilofar , Pawar Anjali Prabhakar , Patil Sakshi , Patil Prajakta Ravindra , Patil Payal Vinayak , Patil Prathamesh Navnath , Dalvi Sweety R. , Kshirsagar Shubhangi V. , Kale Mohan
Published: June 2024

Background:

Herbal anti-acne patches are designed to treat acne and blemishes by reducing breakouts, absorbing excess oil, promoting healing, preventing infection, and reducing pain. They also hydrate the skin, offering convenience and ease of use. These patches aim to effectively target and treat acne lesions, encourage healing, prevent future breakouts, and provide comprehensive care for clearer, healthier skin, all without causing irritation or discomfort.

Materials and Methods:

In this preparation, fresh marigold flowers were collected, cleaned, dried, powdered, and sifted. Neem leaves were gathered, cleaned, dried, ground, weighed, and stored.

Results:

The results revealed that the anti-acne patches were evaluated for quality based on moisture content, pH, thickness, absorption, folding resistance, and swelling.

Conclusion:

The study developed anti-acne patches using ethanol extracts from marigold flowers and neem leaves, known for their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Effective against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus, the patches demonstrated significant bacterial inhibition through agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods, suggesting their potential as safe, natural acne treatments.
Prevalence of iron deficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its association with altered lipid profile
Authors: Naskar Arindam , Mondal Agnibho , Dhar Indranil
Published: June 2024

Background:

The escalation of diabetes mellitus poses a significant public health challenge in India. This condition impacts iron metabolism, potentially causing variations in the iron profile. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of iron deficiency in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and explore its associated factors.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary care center in Eastern India. Biochemical assessments encompassed fasting plasma glucose, post-prandial glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, renal function tests, complete hemogram, and iron profile. Anthropometric measurements were conducted using standardized procedures.

Results:

This study revealed that among the 203 participants, the prevalence of iron deficiency was 63.5% (95% confidence interval: 56.5–70.2). Anemia was observed in 34% of patients (men <13 g/dL, women <12 g/dL). The mean levels of serum iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity, and transferrin saturation were 62.9 ± 26.1 μg/dL, 100.6 ± 103.2 ng/mL, 392.3 ± 72 μg/dL, and 16.6 ± 7.5%, respectively. The mean fasting blood sugar, post-prandial blood sugar, and HbA1c values were 154.2 ± 63 mg/dL, 229.3 ± 92.1 mg/dL, and 7.7 ± 1.5%, respectively. There were no significant differences in iron levels between genders or between poorly controlled and well-controlled diabetics. However, significant associations were observed between iron deficiency and lower total cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides.

Conclusion:

This study concludes that iron deficiency is highly prevalent among diabetic patients in India and is associated with lipid profile alterations.
Occurrences and characteristics of forced marriages among girls married before the age of 16 in a Northern Nigerian State
Authors: Sanni Felix O. , Ajani Olumide F. , Sanni Elizabeth A. , Gwa Zachary T. , Dada Michael O. , Alabi Yemisi B. , Udah Donald C. , Kareem Jubril A.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Child marriage is deeply ingrained in Nigerian tradition, culture, and religion, and the country has one of the highest rates of child marriage globally. The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence and characteristics of coerced marriages among girls married before turning 16 in Borno, Nigeria. It perceives premarital unions as a substantial violation of human rights, particularly affecting the independence of adolescent girls.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study took place in three local government areas (LGAs) situated in Borno, Nigeria, namely Konduga, Jere, and Maiduguri Metropolitan City LGAs. Structured questionnaires were distributed to 210 female participants aged between 15 and 49, who were married before reaching 16, from 1989 to 2019, to gather data. Data analysis was done using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0, headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, United States.

Results:

The incidence of forced marriage among girls under 16 years old was recorded at 23.8%, notably higher during the period spanning from 1980 to 1989 at 37.5%. Among respondents currently married, approximately one-fifth (23.1%) disclosed being coerced into marriage. A higher proportion underwent forced marriage during the ages of 9–12 years, accounting for 33.3%. Moreover, a considerable portion of respondents with no formal education (28.6%) and those who attended Qur’anic schools (25.5%) were compelled into marriage. The prevalence of fistula among girls married early stood at 8.6%, with 10.6% among those not subjected to forced marriage and 2.0% among girls who were coerced. Among early married girls, 20.5% reported facing ill-treatment from their spouses, with a higher proportion (30.0%) among those coerced into marriage compared to those not coerced (17.5%). Additionally, gender-based violence from family members was notably more prevalent among girls forced into marriage (32.0%), with a significance level of P < 0.05.

Conclusion:

Efforts directed toward reducing the prevalence of girl-child marriage in Nigeria should focus on tackling entrenched cultural norms that differ among ethnic groups and religious beliefs. The public health implications encompass gender-based violence, abuse, and the breakdown of marriages.
Clinicopathological study of masses of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and its correlation with radiology
Authors: Sahu Soumya , Malpani Garima , Varma Amit V. , Malukani Kamal , Sharda Bela
Published: June 2024

Background:

Nasal and paranasal abnormalities frequently represent the primary observations in the otorhinolaryngology domain. Thorough clinical evaluation and radiological methodologies aid in establishing a preliminary diagnosis; however, histopathological examination (HPE) remains indispensable for confirming a definitive diagnosis. The objective is to determine the demographic breakdown of patients exhibiting sinonasal lesions and to evaluate and correlate clinical and radiological observations with histopathological diagnoses.

Materials and Methods:

This ambispective observational study involved 128 sinonasal lesions diagnosed via histopathology spanning 3 years (2020–2023). All pertinent clinical radiological observations were recorded, and tissue samples underwent staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), special stains, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) when necessary. The collected data were organized into tables, and statistical analyses were conducted.

Results:

Among the 128 cases examined, 98 (76.56%) were identified as non-neoplastic lesions, 14 (10.93%) as benign neoplasms, and 16 (12.50%) as malignant lesions through HPE. The male-to-female ratio stood at 1.2:1. The highest number of cases was observed within the age bracket of 21–40 years. Nasal obstruction emerged as the predominant symptom, accounting for 46 (35.93%) cases.

Conclusion:

A broad range of lesions can impact the sinonasal tract. While clinical and radiological characteristics may exhibit similarities, histopathology is the ultimate standard for confirming a definitive diagnosis.
A computed tomography-based retrospective study on the foramen ovale and foramen spinosum in a Nigerian population
Authors: Ominde Beryl Shitandi , Odjegba Dorcas Eruwu , Ikubor Joyce Ekeme , Omoro Faithful Orovwoghene , Igbigbi Patrick Sunday
Published: June 2024

Background:

This study investigated the shapes and dimensions of the foramen ovale (FO) and foramen spinosum (FS) in a specific population sample from Delta State, Nigeria, emphasizing their significance in various neurosurgical procedures.

Materials and Methods:

Following ethical clearance, this retrospective study analyzed 250 brain computed tomography (CT) images from the Radiology Department of a teaching hospital in Delta State, Nigeria. The sample included images from 100 females and 150 males, all aged 18 years or older. The dimensions of the FO and FS were measured on axial sections using a standardized protocol. Statistical analyses were conducted with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM, Chicago, Illinois, United States) software, categorizing data by gender and age groups. Inferential statistics, including Student t test, analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation, were performed, with findings considered significant at P < 0.05.

Results:

The predominant shapes of the FO and FS were oval and round, respectively. Significant side differences were observed in the length of the right FS (P = 0.040). Gender differences were noted in the length of the bilateral FO (P = 0.010) and the width of the left FO (P = 0.001). A significant correlation with age was found for the width of the left FO (P = 0.006) and the distance from the right FO to FS (P = 0.037). The FS was absent in 24 cases (9.6%).

Conclusion:

This study highlights age-, side-, and gender-related differences in the shapes and dimensions of the FO and FS. It emphasizes the importance of precise preoperative radiological assessments to ensure optimal outcomes for neurosurgical planning.
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide as a predictive marker of the outcomes of fibrinolytic therapy in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Kumar Amit , Tanwar Shweta , Chetiwal Rajesh
Published: June 2024

Background:

Risk assessment is vital in delivering appropriate treatment and enhancing patient outcomes during acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study sought to ascertain the significance of NT-proBNP in predicting the outcome of thrombolysis in acute STEMI.

Materials and Methods:

In this prospective study, we enrolled individuals with acute STEMI who underwent fibrinolytic therapy. Plasma N-terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP) levels were assessed upon admission. Patients were categorized as thrombolysis success or failure groups based on electrocardiogram (ECG) criteria. The outcomes were measured in terms of in-hospital mortality and adverse cardiovascular events.

Results:

Thrombolysis achieved success in 59.13% of acute STEMI cases. Patients experiencing failed thrombolysis had a significantly longer mean time to reperfusion than those with successful thrombolysis (4.74 ± 2.42 vs. 5.97 ± 2.35 h, P = 0.0078). The median baseline NT-proBNP concentration was 983 pg/mL (interquartile range 777–2987 pg/mL). The plasma NT-proBNP levels on admission were notably higher in the thrombolysis failure group (P < 0.001). NT-proBNP, time to reperfusion, heart rate, blood urea, and serum uric acid exhibited negative correlations with thrombolysis outcomes. The most prevalent adverse event was cardiac failure. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated a robust association between NT-proBNP and in-hospital mortality. High NT-proBNP (>983 pg/mL) and prolonged time to reperfusion (>6 h) emerged as independent predictors of thrombolysis failure on multivariate logistic regression analysis (P = 0.017 and 0.035, respectively).

Conclusion:

Elevated plasma NT-proBNP upon admission during acute STEMI serves as a robust predictor for both fibrinolytic therapy failure and in-hospital mortality.
Pathways to mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study from rural tertiary government mental health facilities in India
Authors: Jaise Jithin , Shetty Kannappa V. , Manikappa Sanjeev Kumar , Bamney Urmila
Published: June 2024

Background:

Understanding the routes individuals take to access mental health care facilities for treatment is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies and policies for those grappling with mental illness. These routes are commonly referred to as pathways to mental health services.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive research design was utilized, alongside simple random sampling, to select a sample of 30 participants. Along with gathering sociodemographic variables, data collection involved utilizing the World Health Organization Pathways to Care Performance tool at rural government hospitals in India.

Results:

The results of the research show that 50% of the population initially sought assistance from psychiatric services, whereas 43.3% consulted native or religious healers for mental illness treatment. It is worth noting that the majority of urban participants primarily utilized psychiatric services. Furthermore, the study highlights that delays in treatment are more common among patients who initially sought help from religious or native healers, especially those from rural backgrounds.

Conclusion:

This study indicates that treatment delays are more significant among the rural population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Evaluation of the effect of a nurse-led vestibular rehabilitation program enriched with yoga on knowledge levels and vertigo symptoms in patients with vertigo
Authors: Selvaraj Gayathri , Punitha Santhanasamy , Dayanidy Ganesan , Bhavanani Ananda Balayogi
Published: June 2024

Background:

Around 9.9 million people in India experience vertigo or dizziness, making it difficult to perform daily activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led vestibular rehabilitation programs enriched with yoga on the level of knowledge and vertigo symptoms among patients with vertigo.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty patients were selected through purposive sampling, and 40 each were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a nurse-led vestibular rehabilitation program comprising vestibular exercises and designated yoga routines. By contrast, the control group received standard care, including prescription of drugs by the physician and follow-up. Data collection involved structured instruments, including sociodemographic and clinical variables, a multiple-choice questionnaire to gauge knowledge levels, and a 5-point Likert scale to measure the intensity of vertigo symptoms. Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential methods with IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21 (Chicago, Illinois, USA).

Results:

The independent t value for comparing post-test knowledge (t = 16.87, P = 0.00) and vertigo symptoms (t = 9.25, P = 0.00) between the experimental and control groups indicated significant differences at a significance level of P < 0.001.

Conclusion:

Incorporating yoga into a nurse-led vestibular rehabilitation program effectively improved the knowledge level and reduced vertigo symptoms among patients experiencing vertigo.
Exploring the perceptual experiences of nurses regarding the care of patients with COVID-19: A mixed methodological approach
Authors: Jadhav Vaishali S. , Sreeletha Arunima , Mahajan Natasha
Published: June 2024

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic, with its rapid spread and subsequent lockdown measures, has brought about unprecedented changes in our lives. Terms like lockdown, social distancing, and quarantine have become part of our daily vocabulary. Amid this crisis, frontline workers, including nurses, have emerged as the unsung heroes, bravely battling the effects of the pandemic. This study delves into the perceptual encounters of nurses regarding patient care during this critical period, providing valuable insights into their experiences.

Materials and Methods:

This study employed a unique mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. Quantitative data was gathered from 202 registered nurses attending to COVID-19 patients in designated hospitals in Navi Mumbai. Following quantitative analysis, samples of qualitative data were collected until data saturation, focusing on experiences categorized as fair or adverse. Quantitative data collection relied on self-reporting, while qualitative data collection involved in-depth telephone interviews and audio recording techniques. The study’s scope was confined to hospitals in Navi Mumbai and specifically targeted staff nurses providing care for COVID-19 patients.

Results:

39% of respondents reported experiencing fair situations, while 69% of nurses expressed encountering negative experiences related to COVID-19. The study identified various themes, including encountered challenges, physical hardships, emotional conflicts, provided facilities, and most importantly, the robust support systems. Challenges included caring for immobile patients, insufficient staffing, and extended work hours. Mental concerns comprised fear of contracting the virus, stress, familial tensions, separation anxiety, and disrupted communication with loved ones. The provided facilities encompassed meals, transportation, lodging, personal protective equipment, and amenities such as air conditioning and hot water. Support was observed from colleagues, friends, family, and senior staff members, highlighting the strength of the healthcare community in times of crisis. Social resistance included pressure to resign, lack of familial support, and societal stigma. Coping mechanisms involved communicating with loved ones, receiving support from colleagues, and engaging in activities such as listening to music, meditation, prayer, exercise, and yoga. The study found no significant association between nurses’ perceptual experiences and selected demographic variables.

Conclusion:

The study examined the perspectives of staff nurses regarding their duties during the COVID-19 pandemic, capturing their experiences through quantitative and qualitative analyses that addressed notable challenges, including physical, mental, and social obstacles.
An audit of “Repeat” fine needle aspiration cytology procedures in a cytopathology laboratory—An important quality indicator
Authors: Sehgal Shivali , Jetley Sujata , Khan Sabina , Jairajpuri Zeeba S.
Published: June 2024

Background:

The cytopathology department mainly conducts audits to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of procedures across different organs. However, the common occurrence of repeat aspirations, typical in many cytology laboratories, has largely been overlooked. This study sought to examine the frequency of repeat Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) procedures within a cytopathology laboratory and to explore the root causes for such repetition.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted at the cytopathology laboratory affiliated with a tertiary care facility. This study included all FNAC cases reported over six months. Data were extracted from cytology records, and multiple factors leading to repeat aspirations were examined. The rate of repeat FNAC procedures was calculated by dividing the number of “repeat” FNAC procedures in a specific month by the total number of FNACs performed. A quality manager set a benchmark of 15% for the repeat FNAC rate.

Results:

About 39 out of 303 FNACs (12.8%) were repeated for 6 months. Soft tissue lesions, predominantly lipomas, accounted for most (35.9%) of these repeated aspirations. The principal reason for the need for repeat aspirations was insufficient material obtained during the initial aspiration.

Conclusion:

In many laboratories, the frequency of repeat FNAC procedures and their root causes often need to be checked. Evaluating the quantity of repeat aspirations in a laboratory indicates its performance and is a vital quality measure, especially when accreditation is required. This research proved beneficial by providing valuable insights into the prevalence of repeat aspirations within a cytology laboratory.