bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'éducation des filles aux États-Unis et en France
Authors: Duru-Bellat Marie
Published: November 2012

Résumé Ce texte présente de manière synthétique les débats qui ont pris place aux Etats-Unis et en France à propos de deux grands volets de l’éducation des filles : l’éducation formelle telle qu’elle est organisée dans des classes mixtes ou non mixtes d’une part, d’autre part, l’éducation plus informelle qui se réalise via les medias, l’habillement, les jeux ... Concernant la mixité scolaire, la perspective américaine s’appuie sur des considérations biologisantes ou empiriques, alors qu’en France les considérations de principe dominent. Quant à la tendance à une sexualisation de plus en plus marquée et de plus en plus précoce des petites filles, elle est largement démontrée et débattue aux Etats-Unis, alors que la France reste jusqu’alors plus en retrait. Derrière ces débats, de vrais clivages existent, entre ceux et celles qui prônent la ressemblance et l’indifférenciation entre hommes et femmes et ceux et celles qui défendent au contraire l’affichage de différences à respecter voire à promouvoir via l’éducation.
Distributed Task Allocation in Swarms of Robots
Authors: Jevtic Aleksandar , Andina Diego , Jamshidi Mo
Published: November 2012

This chapter introduces a swarm intelligence-inspired approach for target allocation in large teams of autonomous robots. For this purpose, the Distributed Bees Algorithm (DBA) was proposed and developed by the authors. The algorithm allows decentralized decision-making by the robots based on the locally available information, which is an inherent feature of animal swarms in nature. The algorithm’s performance was validated on physical robots. Moreover, a swarm simulator was developed to test the scalability of larger swarms in terms of number of robots and number of targets in the robot arena. Finally, improved target allocation in terms of deployment cost efficiency, measured as the average distance traveled by the robots, was achieved through optimization of the DBA’s control parameters by means of a genetic algorithm.
Utilizing SMS/3G Networks for Better and Reliable Communications between Yard Cranes and Server
Authors: Cheng C. D. , Ko C. C. , Huang W. J.
Published: November 2012

In a normal port operation, yard cranes are used to move containers from one location to another for import, export or relocation purposes. In order to locate the positions of containers, a database is set up in the office server to store the current locations of existing containers within the yard. Whenever the Rubber Tyred Gantry (RTG) crane operator moves a container around, the database has to be updated via a program installed in the Vehicle Mounted Terminal (VMT) fitted to the crane. This requires the establishment of a communication channel between the server and the crane VMT. The current practice is to make use of wireless networks, even though these are susceptible to attenuation and interferences in rugged surroundings as in a port. This paper describes and explores another alternative, that of using 2G/SMS for short messages and 3G networks for real-time scenarios. These methods are more reliable as major telecommunication service providers normally expend substantial resources in infrastructure development. They also provide a cheaper alternative in terms of reducing maintenance expenses.
Promoting Technological Environmental Innovations
Authors: Lam Jacqueline C. K. , Hills Peter
Published: November 2012

This paper reviews and discusses the debate over the effectiveness of environmental regulation in promoting industrial Technological Environmental Innovation (TEI). Using the innovation-friendly regulatory principles adapted from Porter and van der Linde (1995a, 1995b), this paper demonstrates how properly designed and implemented environmental regulation (TEI promoting regulation) has played a critical role in promoting TEI in the transport industry in California and Hong Kong. In both cases, it has shown that stringent environmental regulations that send clear and strong signals for future environmental performance requirements are critical in promoting TEIs in the public transport industries. Unlike traditional command-and-control regulations, TEI promoting regulations are strongly supported by incentive and capability-enhancing measures.
Nonsense-Mediated Decay Mechanism Is a Possible Modifying Factor of Clinical Outcome in Nonsense cd39 Beta Thalassemia Genotype
Authors: Renda Maria Concetta , Vitrano Angela , Attanasio Massimo , Fecarotta Emanuela , Piazza Angela , Giambona Antonino , Fiorentino Germana , Renda Disma , Rigano Paolo , Calvaruso Giuseppina , Cassarà Filippo , Maggio Aurelio
Published: November 2012

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a surveillance system to prevent the synthesis of non-functional proteins. In β-thalassemia, NMD may have a role in clinical outcome. An example of premature translation stop codons appearing for the first time is the β-globin cd39 mutation; when homozygous, this results in a severe phenotype. The aim of this study was to determine whether the homozygous nonsense cd39 may have a milder phenotype in comparison with IVS1,nt110/cd39 genotype. Genotypes have been identified from a cohort of 568 patients affected by β-thalassemia. These genotypes were compared with those found in 577 affected fetuses detected among 2292 prenatal diagnoses. The nine most common genotypes, each with an incidence rate of 1.5% or over, and together accounting for 80% of genotype frequencies, underwent statistical analysis. Genotype prevalence was calculated within the overall group. Results are expressed as proportions with 95% confidence intervals; p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A binomial distribution was assumed for each group; z-tests were used to compare genotype frequencies observed in the patient group with frequencies in the affected fetus group. In the absence of selecting factors, prevalence of these two genotypes was compared between a cohort of 568 β-thalassemia patients (PTS) and 577 affected fetuses (FOET) detected during the same period. IVS1,nt110/cd39 was significantly more prevalent in FOET than PTS (p < 0.0001), while there was no significant difference in prevalence of cd39/cd39 in FOET compared with PTS (p = 0.524). These results suggest a cd39 genotype NMD mechanism may be associated with improved clinical outcomes in thalassemia major.
A pedogeomorphic comparison of two granitic areas in the Kruger National Park
Authors: Munnik M.C.
Published: November 2012

Two climatically different areas on granitic materials near Phalaborwa and Pretoriuskop in the Kruger National Park were pedogeomorphologically compared and the influence of climatic factors on soil and hillslope development in the two areas was assessed. The examination of 18 hillslopes and their soils showed that while the two areas have many broad similarities, there are specific soil and hillslope differences between them with the result that each area has its own distinctive pedogeomorphic character. While comparable parent material, situation and age appear to be responsible for similarities between the areas, the differences could in most cases be accounted for by the disparity in rainfall between the two areas. It was, however, also necessary to note the role of past (and possibly current) cycles of erosion and deposition in the creation of the two types of simple hillslopes occurring in the areas.
A corneal dermoid in a black wildebeest Connochaetes gnou
Authors: Weber A. , Van Hoven W.
Published: November 2012

Dermoids are choristomatous malformations that can occur in the ocular region with a histologic structure similar to that of normal skin. Dermoids occur in a variety of domestic animals but no such cases have been reported in wild animals. A typical corneal dermoid in a black wildebeest Connochaetes gnou is presented.
"Met watter gesag se U hierdie dinge?" Opmerkings oor kerklike dokumente oor die openbare lewe
Authors: De Villiers D.E. , Smit D.J.
Published: November 2012

"What authority do you have to say these things?" Remarks on church documents about public issues. For a number of reasons it has become important for South African churches to reconsider the ways in which they were accustomed to speak about public issues. In the first part of the article some of these reasons are pointed out. In the second part an important study of the German Protestant Church, the EKD, addressing these issues, is analysed. In the third part an assessment is made of the contribution the German study makes to the debate on church declarations on public issues in the South African context.
Godsdienstige perspektiewe in die heropbou van die gemeenskap
Authors: Crafford D
Published: November 2012

Religious perspectives in the reconstruction of the society The multi-religious context in South Africa is a fact and must be taken into account in any effort towards reconstruction and development of the society. The different religiOns are challenged to participate in the process of reconstruction. In many ways they can contribute positively towards the process. There are however also elements in religions which can hinder and obstruct the process. 17lis article considers a number of perspectives in Islam, Hinduism, African Traditional Religion and Christianity which can have a positive or negative influence on the Reconstruction and Development Program in South Africa.
Carl Borchardt en die Suid-Afrikaanse kerkgeskiedenis
Authors: Hofmeyr J.W.
Published: November 2012

Carl Borchardt and South African church historyCarl Borchardt was in the first instance a general church historian who specialised in the field of the Early Church. However, born as a South African, he did not only do some research in the field of South African church history but he even partook in some crucial events in modem South African church history. This article attempts to describe and explain his interest and involvement in South African church history.
Waarop is sy voetstukke ingesink? - 'n Besinning oor die skepping en die big bang
Authors: Bezuidenhout L.C.
Published: November 2012

Through the ages the debate between theology and the natural sciencesconcerning the origin of the universe was turbulent. Today the big bangtheory is almost generally accepted in scientific circles. In this article thedebate between theology and science is evaluated critically. The theologicalimplications of the big bang theory is discussed and the relevance of thecosmogony in Genesis 1 for a modem society is evaluated. Biblical modelsand scientific models of the birth of the cosmos do not have to be in conflictwith each other.
De inrichting van de theologie in de plurale cultuur
Authors: Vroom H.M.
Published: November 2012

Three institutional settings of theology: seminaries, mixed models and free faculties In this contribution three models of the organisation of theology have been described: seminaries, a combination of university and church responsibilities, and free standing theological school and faculties with a contract with a church or with churches. The interests of the various players in the field - churches, universities, governments, students - have been listed, and the models are being evaluated in relation with their potencies to meet the requirements of the emerging secular and religiously plural society.
Wie was Andrew Murray (1828-1917) in werklikheid?
Authors: Mahne T.G.
Published: November 2012

Murray (1828-1917) was an emissary of God. In the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa, where he served as a full time minister for fifty eight years, he was elected Moderator six times. His influence, however, was not limited to the Dutch Reformed Church. Of the two hundred and fifty books (more than 20 000 pages) he wrote, some were translated into more than twenty languages. In spite of his intention not to write theological works, Murray was granted a doctorate degree in Theology by the University of Aberdeen in 1898. He was a man of prayer who published approximately thirty books about prayer. Murray, a mystic and peifectionist, was reared in an extremely legalistic home. As a student he joined the Secor Dabar association which was an offspring of the legalistic Reveil movement in the first half of the nineteenth century. At the age of roundabout 65, Murray was impressed by the writings of William Law (1686-1761), which fitted his mindset like a glove. But who was Andrew Murray actually? Other similar questions concerning his influence in the Dutch Reformed Church are equally important. First and foremost however: Who was this man? Was he possibly a "tossed salad" theologian? Still today we find traces of Murrayism in the Dutch Reformed Church. Fortunately his full-time service of fifty eight years has left behind a positive heritage of Scottish Calvinism.
'n Teologies-estetiese benadering tot Praktiese Teologie - Homiletiese implikasies vir die toerusting van Christene ten opsigte van hulle taak in 'n gebroke samelewing
Authors: Venter C.J.H. , De Wet F.W.
Published: November 2012

In a society plagued by violence, economical pressure and characterized by majority/minority politics, citizens can lose perspective regarding the sense and value of their participation in this society and become apathetic. In defining the components of a theological-aesthetical theory for perception, an attempt is made to indicate homiletical consequences for equiping listeners in adopting an extensive and intensive vision on their role in society, free from hopelessness and prejudice. Broadened in faith by a panoramical insight into God's goal for society and sharpened in love by a new consciousness of need in society, vision obtains a poetical character. In preaching a poetical vision can be communicated by means of poetical language, which in turn leads to poetical praxis.
Die funksie van verwysings na fisiese families in die Johannesevangelie
Authors: Van der Watt J.G.
Published: November 2012

References to physical families in John's Gospel are rarely discussed in secondary literature - the emphasis usually falls on the spiritual aspects. In this article the references to physical families are analysed, and it is illustrated that these references, with exception of the references to Maria, are normally used to serve as contrast to the spiritual references. Since one's family and place of origin determine one's status and identity, the author of the Gospel emphasises that what should determine one's identity is not Jesus' earthly origin, but his heavenly origin. The same applies to his disciples.
Hoe om die Bybel beter te verstaan: Verklarings van die Bybel in Afrikaans
Authors: Vosloo W.
Published: November 2012

During the early 1920's some sporadic (and experimental) commentaries on the Bible in Afrikaans were published. However, after the Bible was translated into Afrikaans in 1933 these drops turned into a stream and soon swelled into a torrent of publications. These publications display a steady growth in Biblical understanding from a literal and even fundamentalistic interpretation to a critical exegesis of Scripture. At least three distinct phases can be demonstrated, namely a focus on the author, then on the text, and finally on the reader. Given the limited number of readers, the publication of Afrikaans commentaries in the future is faced with unique problems and decisions.
Waar is Abraham dan?
Authors: Ie Roux J.H.
Published: November 2012

This article deals with some aspects of the historical Abraham. Reference is made to an Afrikaans author, Karel Schoeman, and his novel, uVerliesfontein". In this work Schoeman attempts to enter the history of a town and its people. This, however, is not possible and he therefore says that history is another country. A country which is totally inaccessable. It is, however, also true of Abraham. Since the nineteenth century it has been emphasized that we can never determine the historical Abraham. There are no reliable written sources about him (Wellhausen). Even if one tries to get behind the sources and determine the oral tradition (like Gunkel), Abraham still evades one. Through markers in the text and ancient near eastern parallels some scholars even sought to date and describe the era of Abraham. These attempts also failed. It is argued that we should rather refrain from dating Abraham. This, however, is not the end of the story. We can still try to determine how Abraham was interpreted in faith through the ages. In this regard Von Rad's usage of Usage" can be of great assistance. In a next article this topic is discussed futher.
Biblical Interpretation in the Russian Orthodox Church: An historical and hermeneutical perspective
Authors: Negrov A.
Published: November 2012

for an understanding of biblical interpretation within the Russian Orthodox Church. Its purpose is not to advocate pro or contra Russian biblical scholarship, but to place the emphasis on the history of biblical interpretation in the Russian Orthodox Church and on Orthodox biblical hermeneutics. Two considerations are specifically pertinent to the study of this topic. First, the history of biblical interpretation is surveyed from a sole and specific perspective - from within a· historico-dogmatic development of the Russian Orthodox Church from the Kiev period of its history (9_13th century) till the Synodal period (1721-1917). Second, it is true that once originated, the Biblical Study in Russian Orthodoxy went its own way and developed its own fundamental principles of interpretation. Although many principles correlated and corresponded with general principles of biblical interpretation, in essence they form "Russian Orthodox Hermeneutics". This paper seeks to establish an outline of the essential elements of Orthodox biblical hermeneutics as they developed in the history of interpretation.
Christ: a Solution to Suffering in First Peter
Authors: Steenberg P.F.
Published: November 2012

Christ is presented as a solution to suffering in first Peter. This is achieved by way of three main arguments. Firstly, a new identity is developed of which Christ forms the center. Secondly, the author provides hope, which includes eschatological hope that can be theirs only through Christ. Lastly, Christ is offered as the rational for endurance. His example is presented for the believers to follow. If the readers accepted the new identity in Christ, grasped onto the hope and followed the example of Christ, their suffering would become bearable in the present and be solved in the future.
"But where's the bloody horse?" Die NG teologie in Afrika
Authors: Van Niekerk A.S.
Published: November 2012

The relation between theology in the Dutch Reformed Church and the African world is discussed with reference to: (a) the relation between theology in the Dutch Reformed Church and science, and specifically the university with its policies; (b) the relation between science and the African world, especially as seen by African writers; and (c) the way that certain theologians in the Dutch Reformed Church have dealt with the African world and African theology. The relation between theology and praxis depends on the conception of truth held by the theologian involved. If truth is seen as the product of the theologian as subject (each subject produces his or her own truth), or if truth is identified with propositions or statements, the related theology can be expected to be unrelated to the praxis. A relation concept of truth is where God addresses a person and confronted by the realities of life and discovers truth in these relationships. Such a concept of truth does offer the prospect of a theology that interacts with reality. It is suggested that opportunities to engage existentially in such relations should become a strong characteristic of the way in which our theology is structured.
Prinses Diana als postmoderne beilige en een kerkdienst in een museum: Tendensen in de dynamiek van cultus en cultuur vanuit een West-Europees perspectief
Authors: Barnard M.
Published: November 2012

The publication of a new service book of the reformed and Lutheran churches in the Netherlands, and of a new liturgical handbook, have given the science of liturgy in that country a new impulse. The development of the discipline is focused on a cultural-anthropological perspective as well as on a reflection of the discipline in itself. In this article, two illustrating examples of four dimensions in this dynamism are given. The four dimensions are then discussed. These four dimensions are: 1. the popularity of rituals and symbols; 2. the interference of different systems of meaning; 3. the restoration of the two domains of art and liturgy into the one domain of imagination; and 4. the (sometimes radical) recontextualisation of liturgy. These dimensions of liturgy are all tendencies in the dynamism of cult and culture, and to understand them, it is necessary to use cultural-anthropological methods in the science of liturgy.
‘n Nuwe horison - Verkenning ten opsigte van ‘n sosiale geskiedenis van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Sending
Authors: Saayman W
Published: November 2012

The author chooses to write a social mission history of the DRC in order to relate important mission events properly to the developing political economy in South Africa. He chooses to follow the nethodology describe especially by Grundlingh and Hobsbawm. He sees mission history and church history as interchangeable, and views Christian history as an important rubric of general human history. He analyses the period 1934-1961 in this article, and starts with the DRC mission policy established in 1935. The author points out a close entwinement of mission policy and political culture, in that “the solution of the native question” formed the central pivot in both mission and political policy. He  analyses  events around the publication of the Tomlinson Report to illustrate the  link between mission policy and political culture (segregation/apartheid). There were also voices of protest against these developments, especially from people with missionary involvement. The author is convinced that there are various important areas for further research (which explains why he subtitled his article: “A reconnaisance in terms of social mission history”). Some of these areas are the relationship between mission and financial ability and the DRC’s late involvement in urban mission. The author concludes with an ambivalent evaluation of DRC mission from a social  historical perspective, but stresses that much more research is needed before any conclusive evaluation can be attempted.
Does Historical Jesus research have a future?
Authors: Van Aarde A G
Published: November 2012

The  aim  of this article is to reflect on the work of historical Jesus scholars who represent the three facets in  the research, referred  to as the “New Quest”, the “Third Quest”,  and  the  “Renewed  New Quest”. This is followed by a description of a plausible  profile  of Jesus in order to demonstrate the author’s distinctive position. In the concluding  section of the article the question is addressed whether the investigation of the historical Jesus is still significant today. The answer ensues from both the debate with scholars and the described Jesus profile. The article ends with  the  vision  that, although the question as to the relationship between the historical Jesus and the faith assertions of Christians will never be adequately and  finally answered, the search for Jesus should continue. Both the church and society at large are benefiting from the quest.
A word with the rich (James 5:1-6) - Part II
Authors: Alana O E
Published: November 2012

This second and concluding part of this essay on “A word with the rich”, focuses on the social and historical milieu of the  Letter  of James with a view to appreciating the cultural context giving rise to the apostrophe handed down on the rich by the author of the letter. The  texts containing  the apostrophe are examined and the challenges they pose to the rich are explored for recommendation to today’s rich.
Assessing representations of the imperial cult in New Testament studies
Authors: Botha Pieter J J
Published: November 2012

A distinct conceptualisation of the imperial cult is common in NT scholarship, in which worship of the emperor is portrayed as a “foreign” development which served primarily political aims, with little integrity and no serious religious significance. This depiction does  not  do  justice  to  the evidence and is basically ethnocentric. That the imperial cult provides us with a crucial window on the mentality of the Roman Period comes closer to the truth. A few aspects of early Christian literature and history which might be reinterpreted in the light of a more comprehensive understanding of the imperial cult are briefly noted.
Telematiese onderrig en teologiese opleiding: blikpunte op moontlike probleme
Authors: De Villiers Gerda , Lombaard Christo
Published: November 2012

The new medium of the internet offers possibilities for teaching Theology unforeseen by previous generations of theological scholars. In this paper, the authors explore some difficulties inherent in such  theological  “education”. Seven issues are identified and briefly discussed, relating each to the matter of theological training by  means  of  the  internet:  critical, insightful  reading  of  information  on the internet; breadth rather than depth of content; the matter of space and context;  the  ideology of almost unlimited student numbers taught by a small group of  lecturers;  the problem of miscommunication; the social dimensions to learning; the use of an “all-rounder” versus a team of different experts.
Diversity in a multicultural and polyethnic world: challenges and responses
Authors: Du Toit Cornel
Published: November 2012

Today’s world is characterised by multiculturalism. The diversity of cultures  and conflicting ethnic groups sharing the same territory pose a threat to both local and world peace. We have come to the end of the ‘nation’ and the end of the ‘state’, two homogenous entities which are increasingly being emasculated by an instrumental reason in the form of techno-science and  economic globalisation. Ethnic diversity is simultaneously a source of wealth and  a threat  to African societies. African unity in the form of an ubuntu-ethic offers a model for dealing with polyethnicity. Ethnocentrism is biologically rooted and operates through prejudice. As a coping mechanism  for  dealing with  diversity, prejudice has its value and its limitations. It must be contained where it leads  to  xenophobia, ethnophobia and war. Polyethnic coexistence is a prerequisite if Africa is to attain  its developmental ideals as expressed in the NEPAD programme. In this paper, I look at the way in which ethno-philosophy and ethno-theology can help this process.
“Toward a Full Fledged Action Theory from a Perspective of Musical Transcendence”
Authors: Hess Lisa Maguire
Published: November 2012

Practical theology as a discipline has struggled  historically in the gaps between theory and practice, academy and church. A recognized scholar  recently  urged pursuit of “a full-fledged action theory” with a “perspective of transcendence” to move the discussion forward. Additionally, global conditions are such that we need practical reflection and action that reconciles communities and cultures. Accordingly, a neo-Parsonian action theory is sketched and music as a practical bridge between theory/practice is argued. Music offers a lens into the empirical faith life of  a  religious community even as  it transcends and pulls that community into new ways of critically  experiencing God  in an intimate and possibly intercultural relationship of embodied song.
Franciscus van Assisi: sy betekenis vir vandag!
Authors: Van Aarde R B
Published: November 2012

St. Francis’ views on religious life, as explained in a previous article in this journal, had its  foundations in a well-founded theology of compassionate ministry. This origin of all compassion according to St. Francis  is God himself. In this article St. Francis’ significance for the church also in  South Africa is discussed in detail. It  is concluded that a well-balanced theology of service in many ways provide an answer.
Reconciliation in the General Epistles?
Authors: Steyn G J
Published: November 2012

Although the customary technical terms for reconciliation are not to be found frequently and explicitly in the General Epistles, the concept or motif is certainly not absent at all. The following contribution investigates the theological dimensions of this motif by using the striking image of a spiritual house, or temple, of which the believers are seen as bricks being built  into the walls (1 Pet 2:4-10). Reconcilation takes shape on Christ as the cornerstone (1 Peter) with vertical pillars representing a restored relationship between God and humanity (Hebrews). This enables the  horizontal dimension of the building to take shape too. In light of the restored relationship between God and humanity, a restored relationship amongst people ought to become a reality. Certain expectations (James), consequenses (1 Peter), dangers and purposes (2 Peter and Jude) facing Christians who find themselves within a reconciled relationship with God are forming the framework for reconciliation with each other.
The church and society in South Africa celebrating first ten years of democracy (1994-2004)
Authors: Dolamo R T H
Published: November 2012

In this article, colonialism, slavery, racism and apartheid are singled out as scourges that have afflicted South Africans for over three-and-half centuries in respect of the first four scourge, and for four-and-half decades in respect of apartheid.  Against this backdrop, the struggles of the people of South Africa against these scourges are portrayed and analysed.  With the attainment of freedom and democracy in 1994, the  ANC led government enacted pieces of legislation whose aim was to deepen and broaden democracy, thereby transforming the society beyond recognition of how it was before 1994. Celebrating the first ten years of freedom and democracy, the people of South Africa are taking stock of what has been achieved and not achieved and bracing themselves for the challenges that are facing them into the second decade.
Reconciliation priorities for the Church: Some German remarks
Authors: Graf Friedrich Wilhelm
Published: November 2012

Reconciliation has been a topic of major importance in both the German and South-African theological and political contexts. Political events involving the Christian Churches in these countries have prompted a renewed consideration of what is understood by the concept. This article examines some aspects of reconciliation in the contexts of Christian ethics and argues that, from a theological and historical perspective, the nature and practice of what was called reconciliatio is thoroughly religious, although what exactly is involved has been perceived differently over the course of Church history. Reference is also made to the New Testament understanding of the concept and in an attempt to actualise the biblical kerugma, several propositions regarding the significance of a religious view of reconciliation in an eschatological context are provided as a conclusion.
Ecocide, the integrity of creation and the rights of the next generation
Authors: Vorster J M
Published: November 2012

Environmental Ethics is currently a highly important theme in Christian Ethics. This is due to the disturbing results of the current ecological research. Scholars today speak of “ecocide” – a term which describes the on-going destruction of ecosystems by means of pollution, deforestation, modern warfare, toxic waste and the increase in poverty. Of special concern is the accusation that Christianity with its emphasis on the dominium terrae is partly to blame for this state of affairs. This article investigates the magnitude of ecocide as well as the historical influences of Christianity. It focuses on a re-assessment of the Christian approach as well as the responsibilities of governments, educators, churches and corporations to take care of creation and the rights of the future generation.
Perspektiewe op erotiek en seksualiteit in die ou Nabye Ooste
Authors: Human DJ
Published: November 2012

Sexuality and erotism form an integral part of life. Both these aspects mediate life fulfilling experiences of love. As part of the creation reality sexuality effects a positive power of life. Evidence from the ancient Near East, especially from Egypt, Canaan and Mesopotamia, confirms human’s facinasion for and participation in sexual behaviour. In the sexual experience the ‘I’ transcends the borders of the ‘self’. Whether the gods or humans are engaged in this act of heavenly ecstacy, it is evident that life’s meaning is captured in this life enriching experience of power, vitality and joy.
Reading backwards from the beginning: My life with the Psalter
Authors: De Claiss NL
Published: November 2012

The Psalter is more than the sum of its individual parts. The book is indeed the collected hymns of ancient Israel and its designation as “the hymnbook of second temple period” is appropriate. But, in addition, the Psalter is a narrative within a poetic text. Contem-porary interest in the Psalter includes the desire to flesh out, give breath to, and stir the nephesh (“the inmost being”) of the text of the book of Psalms. But are scholars making any progress? In this article the author answers positively and is intended to provide a summary of this same learning experience.
Spreken is zilver, horen is goud - Over de preek als Woord van God
Authors: Ganzevoort R Ruard
Published: November 2012

The connection of the sermon and the word of God has been a topic of much debate. This paper explores the significance and problematic aspects of the understanding of the sermon as a word of God. The Barthian notion that we have to speak God’ s word yet are unable to do so offers a dialectic interpretation that leaves the preacher and the congregation vulnerable. The problem lies, according to this paper, not so much in connecting the sermon and the word of God, but in the fact that this connection is sought in the act op speaking. The act of hearing the sermon might be a much more suitable category of understanding the connection.
James Cone’s legacy in Africa: Confession as political praxis in the Kairos Document
Authors: Kalu OU
Published: November 2012

This reflection sets out to achieve three goals: the key is to show the legacy of James Cone from a global perspective, specifically his contributions to the development of African  theology. The second  is the irony that Cone was influenced by Karl Barth’ s Barmen declaration in his response to the outrage against blacks in the United States in the violent late 1960s. This dimension has escaped scholarly attention. Thirdly, both Cone and the Barmen declaration influenced South  African theologians who scripted the Kairos Document. Each party contextualized the use of the strategy; but for all, confession served as a form of political praxis.
The role of worship and ethics on the road towards reconciliation
Authors: M BA
Published: November 2012

Reconciliation in a divided society, like the South African one, is in dire need of a new moral discourse and praxis. This article argues that this moral discourse must also be conducted on an often forgotten level, namely in the worshipping praxis of the Church. The article describes the renewed interest of ethicists and liturgists in the relationship between liturgy and ethics and especially the role of rituals.  The article then focuses on the renewal of basic Cristian rituals like preaching and sacraments, prayer and praise to serve this much needed moral discourse.
An oral reading of Romans 8:31-34
Authors: Shields BE
Published: November 2012

This article introduces the reader to the study of oral communication in primarily oral cultures and its application to biblical studies and then goes on to illustrate the value of such study by looking at Romans 8:31-34 from the vantage point of its signs of orality. Such a study should open us to new insights into texts and also lead us to helpful understandings of preaching in our own cultures.
Postmodern epistemology and the Christian apologetics of CS Lewis
Authors: Wilson DN
Published: November 2012

Evangelicalism at the turn of this century finds itself facing  a challenge that undermines its very validity. This challenge is generally referred to as postmodernism. Within the contemporary evangelical paradigm, the context in  which this term is generally used refers to epistemology – the structure and limitations of human self-consciousness. The gist of the popular post-modernist argument is that human consciousness always develops inductively – from the inside, outward – utilising a particular linguistic and cultural frame of reference in order to construct conceptions of reality. Human self-consciousness, as understood from this context, is therefore always ultimately, something that can only be referred to as insulated. In the light of this, human self- consciousness can have no direct access to what may be commonly referred to as, an absolute truth.
Pastorale implikasies van die liggaam/denke verbintenis
Authors: Coetzer W
Published: November 2012

Against the background of the body/mind connection the focus is firstly on the Biblical view of man as an unfragmented unity. Secondly the emphasis is on the historical roots of the so called biopsychosocial model that is replacing the traditional biophysical method. Furthermore, the focus is also placed on the possibility of physical problems as the result of unresolved emotions; the immune system as an important link within the body/mind connection; critical life changes; the role  of genetics as well as important decisions of the will; social  support and loneliness; and, the therapeutical value of writing or verbalization. In conclusion the emphasis is put on the pastoral implications of all the above mentioned factors and a plea is made for the inclusion of the pastoral/spiritual dimension in the biospychosocial model. This will lead to a fully multidisciplinary approach in the counseling of the traumatized and/or emotionally wounded person.
What is a god? Metatheistic assumptions in Old Testament Yahwism(s)
Authors: Gericke J W
Published: November 2012

In this article, the author provides a prolegomena to further research attempting to answer a most undamental and basic question – much more so than what has thus far been the case in the disciplines of Old Testament theology and history of Israelite religion. It concerns the implicit assumptions in the Hebrew Bible’s discourse about the fundamental nature of deity. In other words, the question is not, “What is  YHWH like?” but rather , “what, according to the Old Testament texts, is a god?”
Once again: Investigating the identity of the three figures mentioned in Malachi 3:1
Authors: Snyman S D
Published: November 2012

The identity of the three figures mentioned in Malachi 3:1 remains an intriguing question for scholars. In this article an overview of the current state of research on this problem is given highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the different solutions while yet another proposal is made adding some new arguments to existing answers. An overview on the history of research done on this problem can be categorised into three groups: the three figures refer to three different personalities or they all refer to the same person or they refer to two different persons. The conclusion reached is that the three figures mentioned are references to two persons, the one human and the other divine.  The messenger  is identified as the prophet Malachi.
Prospects of a Christian ethics of responsibility (Part 2): an assessment of three German versions
Authors: De Villiers DE
Published: November 2012

In the article three versions of a Christian ethics of responsibility, developed by three German theologians, Wolfgang Huber , Johannes Fischer and Ulrich Körtner , in response to the philosopher Hans Jonas’ s introduction of the ethics of responsibility as a completely new and much needed ethical approach in the technological age, are analysed and assessed. The purpose is to assess the prospects of a Christian ethics of responsibility.  An analysis shows the disparate nature of the three versions, but also reveals a number of ways in which responsibility can and should fundamentally qualify contemporary Christian ethics. The conclusion is therefore that the prospects of a Christian ethics  are much more promising than a superficial comparison of the three disparate versions of such an ethics would suggest.
Riglyne vir ‘n verantwoordelike Nuwe-Testamentiese verstaan in die homoseksualiteitsdebat. Deel 2: Nuwe Testamentiese tekste
Authors: Steyn GJ
Published: November 2012

This is the second of two contributions that are asking how the New Testament could be used in a responsible manner in the debate about homosexuality. After an introductory discussion about the possibility that the NT writings provide us with guidelines, the five passages used in the debate are briefly surveyed. It is suggested that 1 Cor 6:9-11 might be understood against the backdrop of the existing cults and religious practices that were found in 1st century Corinth. Some guidelines are then formulated in order to proceed to a more responsible handling of the NT in the debate.  Apart from an acknowledgment of the diversity of  terms that are used, it is clear that immorality is closely connected with the idolatry and in association with homosexual behaviour. Homosexuality was thus closely linked with idolatry, immorality and perversity in the ancient NT socio-religious world. It is clear that there are no references to homosexual orientation as a sexual identity, on the one hand, and that the NT unequivocally rejects homosexual behaviour in a range of different forms, on the other  hand. It is not possible to talk unqualifiedly about homosexuality any more.
Veronderstelt de natuur een plan en intelligentie?Veronderstelt de natuur een plan en intelligentie?
Authors: Vroom HM
Published: November 2012

This contribution analyses the various domains of argumentation in the discussions on intelligent  design and creation & evolution: scientific facts, philosophical interpretations on nature and on divinity, and theological reflections upon the relation between and integration of such philosophical  interpretations and the biblical message about God. If arguments from those domains are related to quickly, the argumentation becomes sloppy and conclusions are reached to hasty. Therefore the different domains have been distinguished carefully. The intelligence of natural laws points to an intelligent source. The complexity of progress in the evolutionary process suggests that it is improbable that it just has developed by change – whatever the consequences for the understanding of developments that can be valuated as good or as evil. In the last sections the relation between a philosophical idea of intelligence and creation and the biblical ideas of God as Creator , of the goodness of God, and the reality of evil are discussed.
Kan die NG Kerk nog ‘n konstruktiewe rol in die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing speel?
Authors: De Villiers D E
Published: November 2012

The question in the heading is dealt with in the article by splitting it up in three sub-questions: 1. Does the South African society has need for what the DRC can offer? 2. Does the DRC still have the room and opportunity to play a constructive role in our society? and 3. Are the DRC and its members willing and prepared to play such a constructive role in our society? The article arrives at the conclusion that there is indeed need in the South African society for the type of service that the DRC and its high percentage of well-educated, creative and affluent members can provide. Although the opportunity for providing such service has been restricted as a result of the loss of influence on the government and the separation of church and state in the new political dispensation, considerable scope still remains. There is unfortunately an unwillingness among many members to utilise the remaining opportunities for playing a constructive public role, on account of their negative assessment of developments in the new political dispensation and a resulting inward directed spirituality. The DRC would only be able to realise its full potential for playing such a role if a change of heart takes place and the inward directed spirituality is replaced with an outward directed spirituality based on the belief in the centrality of the Kingdom of God in the ministry of the church.
Boekresensies/Book reviews
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: November 2012

Aune, D E 2006.  Apocalypticism, Prophecy and Magic in Early Christianity: Collected Essays.Brownson, J V 2007.  The Promise of Baptism. An introduction to Baptism in Scripture and the Reformed Tradition.Buchholz, Armin.  Schrift Gottes im Lehrstreit: Luthers Schriftverständnis und Schriftauslegung in seinen drei großen Lehrstreitigkeiten der Jahre 1521-1528.Helmer, C (ed) 2005. Biblical Interpretation: History, Context and Reality. Leiden: Brill.Brent A, 2007.  Ignatius of Antioch: A martyr bishop and the origin of episcopacy.Nel, R & Du Toit, H (reds.) 2007. Ons Pelgrimstog na Eenheid. Our Pilgrimage to Unity.Els, J 2008.  Ligdans. Depressie-vegters se verhale van hoop.
BOEKRESENSIES / BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: November 2012

BYBELWETENSKAPPE/BIBLICAL SCIENCES
The doctrines of original sin and the virgin birth: divine revelation or human construct?
Authors: Spangenberg I. J. J.
Published: November 2012

Two South African theologians, Ben du Toit and Anton van Niekerk, recently published books in which they argued that postmodern believers can no longer subscribe to the doctrines of original sin and the virgin birth. According to them both these doctrines reflect a pre-modern world-view which should be regarded as outdated. However, they would not like to take leave of the grand narrative of Christianity. There are some fundamental flaws in the reasoning of both scholars. The doctrine of the virgin birth is intertwined with the doctrine of original sin, and both are important to the orthodox doctrine of salvation. As it is not viable or consistent to tamper with some of the orthodox doctrines and try to keep the rest intact, we are left with two options, either to discard the whole system and start afresh, or to try and keep the whole package intact. However, biblical research since the Enlightenment has ruled out the second option. The paper argues in support of this case and attempts to offer a different way forward for Christians living in the twenty-first century than the one offered by Du Toit and Van Niekerk.
Size distribution of particulate mercury in marine and coastal atmospheres
Authors: Feddersen D. M. , Talbot R. , Mao H. , Sive B. C.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. A study was conducted to determine the size distribution of particulate mercury (HgP) at a marine and coastal site, and to compare the seasonal variability at both sites. Data was collected during summer 2009 and 2010, winter 2010, and spring 2010. Two cascade impactors were used to collect HgP in ten size fractions ranging from > 10 μm to < 0.4 μm. During summer 2009, HgP was found mainly (50–60%) in coarse fractions, 1.1 to 5.8 μm, composed of sea salt particles at both our coastal site (Thompson Farm) and marine site (Appledore Island). In winter, HgP at Thompson Farm was dominated (65%) by fine particles, while in spring and summer 2010, at both sites, HgP was distributed across the coarse and fine fractions (40% each). Using bulk filters to collect total HgP, we show a diurnal cycle that matches that of gaseous elemental mercury. Finally, dry deposition rates of HgP were calculated to be 1.7–2.8 ng m−2 day−1 in the summer, 4.6 ng m−2 day−1 in the winter, and 2.5 ng m−2 day−1 in the spring.