bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Mental Health Problems Among University Students and Association With Body Mass Index (BMI) and Diet Quality
Authors: Khairul Azhar Nur Nadhira , Ibrahim Muhamad Ariff , A Halim Mohd Radzi Tarmizi , Shamsuddin Aida Soraya , Azahari Nuraniza , A. Malek Mohd Ahsani
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Numerous factors contributed to the susceptibility of university students to develop mental health issues. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of mental health problems among International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) students and their relationships with diet quality and body mass index (BMI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 students. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess students’ depression, anxiety, and stress levels. The Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (M-HEI) was used to assess diet quality. Spearman Rho was used to determine the relationships between variables. Results: Approximately 69.4% (n = 34), 71.4% (n = 35), and 48.9% (n = 34) of male students experienced moderate to extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. In contrast, 85.4% (n = 47), 89.1% (n = 49), and 54.6% (n = 30) of female students had moderate to extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. No correlations were found between diet quality and BMI with students’ mental health problems. For male students, there were negative significant associations reported between fat-rich foods (r = -0.447, p-value = 0.001) and sugar-rich foods (r = -0.332, p-value = 0.020) intake with depression; a positive significant relationship between fruit intake and anxiety (r = 0.284, p-value = 0.048); a positive relationship between fruit intake and stress (r = 0.300, p-value = 0.036); and a negative relationship between fat-rich foods and stress (r = -0.293, p-value = 0.041). Female students only had a significant negative correlation between fish intake and anxiety (r = -0.376, p-value = 0.005). Conclusion: No associations were found between diet quality, BMI, and mental health problems. A more profound comprehension of the connections between risk factors and mental health could lead to new intervention strategies.
Development of Mobile Application in Assessing Commuting Accident Risk (CommuRisk) Amongst Commuters at Klang Valley
Authors: Abdullah Nur Deana Syafiqah , Mahadi Muhammad Razif , Baharudin Mohd Rafee
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Globally, commuting accident risks are always neglected in an organisation. There is a need to assess the impact of commuting accidents based on sociodemographic, human, vehicle, road, and environmental factors and to find suitable and effective mitigation strategies to alleviate the associated undesirable outcomes. Methods: This research was designed to develop a mobile application to assess commuting accident risk levels using artificial intelligence principles, as we are now in the 21st-century technology era. A total of 216 respondents from private and government industries participated in this study. Besides, to prove the developed application’s effectiveness, the study evaluated the effectiveness of the identified risk factor in determining the level of commuting risks predicted by respondents with the risk level calculated by the mobile application. Results: A major contribution of this paper is the effectiveness and accuracy of a mobile application known as CommuRisk. The app was developed using Android Studio and natively uses Java. There was a significant difference between with and without mobile applications in determining the level of commuting risks, and the effectiveness was proven with a (p-value = 0.001) at a 95% confidence interval with large sample size. Conclusion: Thus, this paper proved the effectiveness and accuracy of a mobile application in calculating risk levels exposed by commuters compared to risk levels predicted by commuters.
Validation Of Nutrition Screening Tool: Royal Free Hospital Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) For Chronic Liver Disease Patients
Authors: Rajab Norashimah , Abdul Hamid Syahrul Bariah , Mohd Said Aishah Hanum , Md Isa Khairil Anuar
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Hepatic diseases patients are especially prone to malnutrition, which is often underestimated. Screening tools were developed to detect the risk of malnutrition. However, screening tools for patients with liver disease were frequently underestimated. Fluid overload is the main issue to perform nutritional screening in liver disease patients. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the Royal Free Hospital Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) among patients and to evaluate association between RFH-NPT, Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in 3 phases; transcultural adaptation, criterion validity and reliability phases. Content validity was confirmed by interviewing eight liver disease professionals. Face validity was assessed by surveying forty nurses working in the liver disease ward. In addition, agreement between NRS 2002 and RFH-NPT assessment was assessed using the SGA tool. Results: Eighty patients with liver disease took part in this study. The SGA assessment found malnutrition in 75% of patients (95% CI, 60%–95%) while 80% (95% CI, 65%-80) were found as at risk of malnutrition using RFH- NPT. Moderate specificity and high sensitivity of RFH-NPT were 97% and 74%, respectively, and 95% positive predictive value was measured. Conclusion: The RFH-NPT nutritional screening tool is the initial and most reliable in this population to assess the malnutrition risk. Thus, inclusion of the RFH-NPT with NRS 2002 demonstrated positive and a fair agreement between the SGA and RFH-NPT tool to be used as a routine nutrition screening protocol for identifying patients at risk of malnutrition.
Validity Of Mobile Application Scoscreen for Early Screening of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Thomas Rachel Priyasheny , Zanudin Asfarina , Hazrin Yasmin Adlena
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Scoliosis is characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature that may occur during a child’s growth period. Early detection and intervention are needed to prevent the progression of abnormal curvatures. While the gold standard for diagnosing idiopathic scoliosis is x-ray imaging, there is a quick and easy way to perform screening, i.e., using a smartphone. A mobile application with a built-in inclinometer and simple scoliosis tests may help detect scoliosis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the ScoScreen mobile application’s content for early screening of AIS.nMethods: We recruited five physiotherapists with more than five years of experience in paediatric and musculoskeletal and one spinal surgeon. The validity of this study was assessed using a content validity form. Content validity was assessed by calculating the Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI), Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI), and modified kappa. Results: The results show that the content validity of ScoScreen has an excellent level of content validity (I-CVI=0.83 – 1.00). The average approach’s overall content validity index was high (S-CVI/Ave=0.94). All items in this study were excellent, with the kappa scores greater than 0.74 (kappa= 0.816 – 1). Conclusion: The development of ScoScreen for early screening of AIS was proven to have excellent content validity in this study. As a result, the Scoscreen mobile application is appropriate for early detection of AIS in terms of its content.
Polymorphism of Gene ACE I/D and Family History of Hypertension as Predisposition of Hypertension
Authors: Sudayasa I Putu , Husdaningsih Fera , Alifariki La Ode
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Hypertension is a polygenic disease that caused 45% of deaths. Various genes have been engaged with the pathogenesis of hypertension. One of these genes affects sodium homeostasis in the kidney, including the ACE I/D gene polymorphism. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of family history of hypertension and ACE I/D gene polymorphism with the incidence of hypertension in coastal communities of Kendari City. Methods: The study was conducted using a case-control study design. The case group was hypertensive patients based on medical diagnostic by doctors, while the control group was healthy individuals without any records on hypertension. As many as 70 individuals residing in the coastal area of Kendari City were involved as samples of the study. Both case and control groups consisted of 35 individuals. Data collection techniques were carried out experimentally using the PCR-RFLP method. Results: The prevalence of I allele was found in individuals with a family history of hypertension (72.1%) as compared to the D allele (27.9%). The study also found a significant correlation between the family history of hypertension and ACE I/D gene polymorphism (p-value 0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and the incidence of hypertension in this population (p-value 0.631). Conclusion: Family history of hypertension was a risk factor for the incidence of hypertension. On the other hand, the polymorphism of ACE I/D gene was a protective factor towards the incidence of hypertension.
Nutritional Factors Determining Body Fat Percentage of Adolescent Boys in 5 Districts of Jakarta
Authors: Sitoayu Laras , Gifari Nazhif , Ronitawati Putri , Nuzrina Rachmanida , Kuswari Mury
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Adolescence is one of the life stages that play a key role and is also affected by the epidemiology transition as the result of the development of the era. Consuming a lot of fast food and junk food nowadays causes adolescents, both girls and boys, to be subjected to nutritional problems such as the high body fat percentage. Adolescent boys even tend to be unaware of their health. This study aims to analyse nutritional factors which have an effect on body fat percentage in adolescent boys. Methods: This study was performed involving 1046 high school students in 5 Jakarta districts. Spearman’s correlation and multiple linear regression were used for the data analysis of this study. Results: The result shows that there was a relationship between BMI-for-age, energy and macronutrient intakes, and body fat percentage. Adolescents with excessive intakes got affected by their body fat percentage, although their BMI-for-age is normal. The result of multivariate analysis suggests that BMI-for-age had the most effect on body fat percentage. Conclusion: There needs to be a regular education for adolescent boys to be aware of their body fat percentage and other factors that have an effect on it.
The Agreement between State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory (STAI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) on Measuring Anxiety Level Among Adult Patients Before Venepuncture Procedure
Authors: Dalawi Izzaty , Isa Mohamad Rodi , Mohd Hatta Faizul Haris , Rahmat Muhammad Fairuz
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Venepuncture procedure is painful and anxiety associated with venepuncture is common. There are many tools for assessing anxiety levels in an outpatient setting. Hence, this study is to compare the degree of agreement between State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory (STAI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) for measuring anxiety levels among adult patients before venepuncture procedure. Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted among patients while waiting for a venepuncture procedure in the Phlebotomy Unit, UiTMMC in April 2020. The Malay-validated version of the State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory (STAI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to assess the anxiety level. Differences between sets of data were plotted as described by Bland-Altman to determine the agreement between these two assessment tools. Results: A total of 330 patients participated in the study with a mean age of 46.34 ± 14.34 years old and gender was equally distributed. The scores of state-anxiety (STAI-S), trait-anxiety (STAI-T) and BAI score were 30.04 ± 20.74; 29.51 ± 19.11; and 40.98 ± 20.45, respectively. The score of anxiety using BAI was higher compared to STAI-S (p<0.001) and STAI-T (p<0.001). The mean difference between the STAI-S and BAI was -10.94 (95%CI: -53.01, 26.87) and between the STAI-T and BAI was -11.47 (95%CI: -42.26, 19.32). However, very few patients’ scores outside the 95% LOA for both differences. Conclusion: The STAI and BAI are concordances in measuring anxiety levels among these patients. However, the anxiety score using BAI was higher than STAI. Thus, both assessment tools can be used in clinical practice in measuring anxiety in the out-patients setting.
Minocycline Attenuated Depressive-Like Phenotype in Sleep-Deprived Mice via its Antioxidant Effect
Authors: Anthony Taghogho Eduviere , Kesiena Emmanuel Edje , Lily Oghenevovwero Otomewo , Elizabeth Toyin Akinluyi , Juliet Nneda Olayinka , Daniel Chukwuka Uka
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Central nervous system (CNS) neuropathologies are the most common effects of insufficient sleep/prolonged wakefulness. This puts people who undergo sleep deprivation in the course of their daily lives at risk of certain affective disorders such as depression. Minocycline is an antibiotic that can penetrate the CNS, which puts it at the forefront of numerous neuropathologies. This research was therefore intended to investigate into the possible anti-depressant effect of minocycline in mice exposed to chronic sleep deprivation. Methods: Thirty (30) mice were grouped into five (n=6) and treated with either distilled water, minocycline or astaxanthin. Four out of the five groups were exposed to the sleep deprivation set-up. After a 7-day treatment, all groups were subjected to behavioural tests. Subsequently, biochemical assays and histology of selected brain regions were carried out. Experimental data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and another post-hoc test. Results: Results obtained suggest that minocycline attenuated the alterations in mood behaviour caused by sleep deprivation with a concurrent reversal of sleep-deprivation induced oxidative stress in mice. Conclusion: In conclusion, minocycline could be considered a reliable intervention in further studies on depression in sleep deprivation models.
Smartphone Use on Accommodation and Vergence Parameters: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chellapan Thilageswary , Mat Daud Norlaila , Narayanasamy Sumithira
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The frequency and the trend of smartphone use increase rapidly, and 85% of Malaysians owns a smartphone and spend an average of 187 minutes per day to use the smartphone. Aims: To evaluate the potential effects of smartphone use on Accommodation and Vergence of the users. Methods: A total of 18 articles were selected in this review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and the research question was formulated based on the population, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICO) method. This review was registered with PROSPERO (reference number: CRD42022293325). Data Sources: Databases namely PubMed, Web of Science, and Science-Direct were used in the article search using appropriate keywords, phrases, and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms. The inclusion criteria of this review were journal articles published from January 2010 until December 2021 with full articles or abstract in English available. Results: Accommodative function has been reported to changed significantly with 20 minutes of smartphone use, with reduced amplitude, facility, relative and increased lag. In addition, vergence function has been reported to be altered significantly with receded near point of convergence. Conclusion: Smartphone use has an effect on the accommodation and vergence parameters among adults. Assessments of accommodation and vergence parameters need to be conducted in patients with the symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome to prevent vision problems. Future reviews are required in younger cohorts with various smartphone features.
A Teenage Boy with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Complicated with Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome: A Rare Case and Challenging in Making Diagnosis
Authors: Sabtu Noor Hayati , Idris Faridah , Tohit Eusni Rahayu , Abu Bakar Azlinda , Wan Yusof Wan Aswani , Osman Raudhawati
Published: August 2023

In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), haematological abnormalities are frequent, although they are an uncommon cause of acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS). AVWS is a rare condition that can cause a bleeding disorder. We presented a case of AVWS in the early diagnosis of SLE. One month before admission, the patient had a history of recurrent epistaxis. He presented to the hospital with symptomatic anaemia and was noted to have severe anaemia with iron deficiency. During hospitalisation, recurrent epistaxis recurred and was found to have prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), presence of lupus anticoagulant (LA), and lower von Willebrand factor (VWF), and factor 8 (VIII) levels. Simultaneously, he was diagnosed with SLE based on Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria. He underwent blood transfusions and was treated with immunosuppressive drugs such as steroids, mycophenolate mofetil, and an anti-fibrinolytic agent; he subsequently stopped bleeding and showed clinical improvement.
Mantle Cell Lymphona Masquerading as Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Authors: Ishak Noor Liza , Tan Sui Teng , Mahat Mahfida
Published: August 2023

Tonsillar malignancy typically presents with asymmetrical tonsillar enlargement, lesion on the tonsils, sore throat or a neck mass. We report a case of unsuspected tonsillar malignancy in a 56-year-old gentleman who presented with symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea. His tonsils were grade III bilaterally with normal mucosa. Tonsillectomy was performed to improve patient’s compliance with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy. These tonsillar specimens were reported to be Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) based on the histology and ancillary studies. This case highlights that benign-looking symmetrical tonsillar enlargement can harbour occult malignancy. It is important to note that OSA symptoms may be the presentation for haematological malignancies. Tonsillar specimens should be sent for histopathological examination regardless of the indication to avoid misdiagnosis and delay in treatment.
Bilateral Thumb Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis
Authors: Samsudin Suhaiza
Published: August 2023

Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection caused by Sporothrix, a thermally dimorphic fungus that affects humans and animals. It is most commonly associated with cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue exposed to fungus-containing soil, moss, or organic material. Sporotrichosis is challenging to diagnose because it can mimic various other dermatological diseases. Thus, as demonstrated in this case, the importance of making a diagnosis based on history and a thorough physical examination, as misdiagnosis can delay proper treatment. A 53-year-old Malay woman presented with bilateral thumb swelling that had been treated with two courses of antibiotics but had failed, resulting in disease progression. Clinical suspicion of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis was made based on history, physical examination, and investigations finding. The patient was started on an empirical course of Itraconazole 200mg twice daily, and the lesions responded well.
Pensamento-invenção de um devir-professor: a biblioterapia como prática à deriva de leitura/escrita literária nas séries iniciais
Authors: Andrade Lucas Veras de , Pereira Thiago Felício Barbosa
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: O texto é uma cartografia, planos gerados no encontro para devires que experimentam a leitura sob outros traçados para além do convencional, uma escrita de um pensamento-invenção que aposta na biblioterapia enquanto paisagem poética de leitura/escrita literária na escola. Nesse sentido, tem-se como objetivo geral refletir a biblioterapia como prática de leitura/escrita literária possível na escola, tendo como enfoque as séries iniciais da educação básica.
Método: Para isso, segue linhas do método cartográfico (DELEUZE; GUATTARI, 1995) situadas numa rede de conversação que atravessa diversos autores (pesquisa bibliográfica), as ideias do primeiro autor, proponente deste estudo, sob orientação do segundo. Que numa composição de escrita de si, se desloca em movimentos, em específico, dois: a percepção da literatura na escola e o agir da condição docente aliada à de pesquisador, no intuito de apresentar a biblioterapia como modo possível de ler/escrever e suas contribuições para a aprendizagem literária.
Resultado: Nesse atravessamento de ideias expõe-se um devir-professor, considerando o lugar de docência, inventor de leitores, como um movimento do meio, um ser de devir de suas práticas.
Conclusões: Ao final, aposta-se na empatia do leitor das palavras aqui expostas para que a biblioterapia seja entendida, legitimada como habitante do território escolar, a provocar deste modo, fissuras e porosidades nos saberes monolíticos que transitam neste ambiente sobre práticas e aprendizagens que envolvem a leitura e literatura, sobretudo, nas séries iniciais, espaço de fabulação deste professor/pesquisador.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in Individuals Following Infection and Vaccination
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Dr. V.M. Government Medical College, Solapur, 413003, India, Vedpathak Manoj , Shinde Deepak , Agarwal Sonal , Shaikh Nasira , Bagewadi Prathamesh
Published: August 2023

To contain the SARS-CoV-2 infection a number of measures including vaccination had taken to reduce virus transmission and mortality. Protection from a viral infection is mainly achieved by virus-neutralizing antibodies which are produced after infection or vaccination. But to what degree these can induce the production of neutralizing antibodies is poorly understood. To determine the development of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody production against spike protein after infection and vaccination. A prospective study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021 at tertiary care hospital, Solapur. Based on the evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and status of vaccination, a total of 150 participants above 18 years of age were enrolled. A blood sample was collected for the serum to perform an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the ErbaLisa COVID-19 IgG kit. Chi-square test for goodness of fit was used to analyze the data. In this study, we have assessed the development of protective immunity and it was found that 89.33% (134/150) of participants had a detectable level of SARS-COV-2 IgG antibodies. Also, in the present study the development of antibodies following infection, after a first and second dose of vaccination is compared, and observed that SARS-COV-2 IgG antibodies were detected in 88% of participants following infection, in 84% of participants after the first dose, and in 96% after the second dose. Effective vaccination is an essential solution to decrease - the severity, transmissibility and the emergence of new variants. Keywords: Covid antibody, Covid-19 immune response, SARS-CoV-2 IgG, vaccination
Bacille Calmette-Guerin Lymphadenitis - A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Paediatrics, Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, 577502, India, Karthik B V , Prithvish C M , Nikhil P T , Raghavendra K
Published: August 2023

A 6-month-old child presented with a complaint of swelling in the left axillary region persisting for 3 months, accompanied by intermittent episodes of fever. Ultrasonography revealed hypoechoic lesions in the affected area. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) indicated the presence of Acid-fast bacilli. Given the presence of multiple matted suppurative lymph nodes, surgical excision was performed, and the child was initiated on anti-tubercular treatment (ATT). After 3-4 weeks, the swelling showed signs of reduction, and the child is currently under regular follow-up. Keywords: Bacille Calmette-Guerin, Vaccination, Lymphadenitis, Fine needle aspiration, Excision biopsy, Acid fast bacilli
Impediment in Adaptation of Algorithm Trading: A Case of Frontier Stock Exchange
Authors: Rahat Uroosa , Siddiqui Ammar , Pervez Khurram , Hasan Muhammad
Published: August 2023

The global financial markets have been significantly affected by the rapid change in technology. The study is an attempt to get to know the barriers to not adopting algorithmic trading in conventional stock exchanges. This research aims to plan and analytically proposed a model for explaining the reasons why frontier stock exchange traders and investors are hesitant to adopt algorithmic trading as a tool. The research includes variables; Lack of awareness, Trust, Lack of Government interest, unemployment, and unnecessary investment, which were extracted from previously available literature based on the theory of reason and technology acceptance model (TAM). A sample of 50 traders/investors from Pakistan stock markets was taken by using convenience sampling. Data was collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using correlation and linear regression techniques. The results show trust factor is the biggest hurdle in implementing Algorithm Trading which means countries like Pakistan which are following conventional methods for trading in stock markets have great doubts about the efficiency of Algorithm base trading because of the less human interaction and dependency on machines. Fear of miscalculation and the inexperience of data engineers are also one of the reasons conventional stock exchanges are reluctant to adopt algorithm trading. Similarly, variables like Lack of Government interest, unnecessary investment, and employment have a significant effect on the implementation of algorithm trading. Moreover, lack of awareness is the least significant factor, which shows the traders and investors in the Pakistan Stock Exchange are well aware of algorithm trading but the results cannot be generalized to the population due to a limited sample size of the study.
Strategies for Addressing Prosopagnosia as a Potential Solution to Facial Deepfake Detection
Authors: Alanazi Fatimah , Davison Richard , Ushaw Gary , Morgan Graham
Published: August 2023

The detection of deep fakes simulating human faces for potentially malicious motives is a constantly developing and interesting subject. According to prosopagnosia research, certain facial features and how they move can help people with the disorder recognise others. This paper outlines studies in the area of detecting and addressing the effects of prosopagnosia. For the first time, we suggest that the findings of these studies could be applied to the detection of deep fake faces, drawing a link between the facial features and movements most useful in combating the effects of prosopagnosia, with the features most productive for analysis in deep fake facial detection.
Improving Mass Shooting Survivability: A Systematic Machine Learning Approach using Audio Classification and Source Localization
Authors: Mao Jevon , Chang Marisabel
Published: August 2023

Mass shootings have emerged as a significant threat to public safety, with devastating consequences for communities and individuals affected by such events [7]. However, a lack of widespread use of new technological infrastructure poses significant risk to victims [8]. This paper proposes a system to classify and localize gunshots in reverberant indoor urban conditions, using MFCC features and a Convolutional Neural Network binary classifier [9]. The location information is further relayed to users through a mobile client in real time. We installed a prototype of the system in a high school in Orange County, California and conducted a qualitative evaluation of the approach. Preliminary results show that such a mass shooting response system can effectively improve survivability.
Classifying Galaxy Images Using Improved Residual Networks
Authors: Patel Jaykumar , Wu Dan
Published: August 2023

The field of astronomy has made tremendous progress in recent years thanks to advancements in technology and the development of sophisticated algorithms. One area of interest for astronomers is the classification of galaxy morphology, which involves categorizing galaxies based on their visual appearance. However, with the sheer number of galaxy images available, it would be a daunting task to manually classify them all. To address this challenge, a novel Residual Neural Network (ResNet) model, called ResNet_Var, that can classify galaxy images is proposed in this study. Subsets of the Galaxy Zoo 2 dataset are used in this research, one contains over 28,000 images for the five-class classification task, and the other contains over 25,000 images for the seven-class classification task. The overall classification accuracy of the ResNet_Var model was 95.35% for the five-class classification task and 93.54% for the sevenclass classification task.
A Content-Based Intelligent Chrome Extensionto Assist Reading Time Management Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Authors: Zhang Richard , Li Ang
Published: August 2023

Oftentimes we lose track of the time we take to skim over a website or article online or we are simply curious about the time it might take for us to read over some text. We might also be curious about our attention span based on the length or difficulty of an article. This paper details the development process of an intelligent google chrome extension capable of gathering data from specific articles and processing the data to estimate the amount of time needed to read over an article based on the time it took to read similar or dissimilar articles [10]. This application takes into account the length, readability, average word size, and comparisons to other reading times in order to return the most accurate time predictions. The benefit of this application is improved time management as an accurate prediction of time will be provided.
A Simulation Program that Controls Rockets Using AI Trained with Machine Learning
Authors: Guo Zhenrui
Published: August 2023

Launching rockets is a costly and complex task that is prone to a high rate of failure. To help address these challenges, the need for simulations to help emulate reality when developing rockets is crucial to making sure the cost overhead stays as low as possible. Our rocket AI seeks to tackle this challenge through the use of machine learning and a series of emulated phases to demonstrate an AI’s ability to properly operate a rocket. The primary challenge throughout the development of the rocket’s AI is the need to introduce and train for unexpected situations, which is done by training for a generalized variant of the situations in question.
A Mobile Application to Evaluate the Relationship Between Countries or Areas based on Twitter
Authors: Jiang Zimo , Liu Yang
Published: August 2023

In recent years, there has been a noticeable deterioration in international relations between various countries around the world. This has led to an increase in misunderstandings, cultural clashes, and even conflicts between different nations. Many people are feeling the effects of this breakdown in relations, especially those who are trying to navigate interactions with individuals from different countries. To address this problem, an app, which aims to help people understand the relationship between different countries, is designed. The app is called Country Relations and is designed to provide users with a comprehensive understanding of the financial and social relationship between different countries. Country Relations uses an algorithm that automatically collects news keywords to analyze a large database of economic or social information from around the world. By entering two countries into the application, users can obtain an accurate assessment of the relationship between these two countries. It might be useful for those who are planning to travel or work abroad, as well as for individuals who are interested in learning more about different cultures. In conclusion, the breakdown in international relations in recent years has created a need for new tools that can help people understand the relationship between different countries. This app is designed to fill this gap, providing users with a comprehensive understanding of the financial and social relationship between different nations.
Complexity Evaluation of Network Configurations and Abstractions
Authors: Moreno Jose
Published: August 2023

Computer networks have been traditionally configured by humans using command-line interfaces. Some network abstractions have emerged in the last 10 years, but there is no easy way of comparing them to each other objectively. Therefore, there is no consensus in the industry of what direction should modern network abstractions take, and the adoption of these abstractions lags. In this paper I propose a comparison framework using metrics derived from graph structures to evaluate the simplicity, efficiency, and effectiveness of different network abstraction models. The result of this comparison is that while some of the existing network abstractions are quite efficient to store network policy (such as the Kubernetes or the Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure models), others (notably public cloud) are still very infrastructure-centric and suffer from excessive complexity.
An IoT- Based Smart City Model Using Packet Tracer Simulator
Authors: Alhajri Shaikha , Aljulaidan Noura , Alramdan Zainab , Alkhaldi Relam , Alshihab Zomord , Alhajri Khaznah , Althumali Huda , Balharith Taghreed
Published: August 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the technology trends nowadays. In addition, the IoT is one means of developing a living life. This paper presents a smart city model based on the IoT using Cisco Packet Tracersimulation software. As a starting point, the paper explains smart city architecture that aims to improve life through three aspects. The first aspect is creating a network that allows users to control their smart devicesfrom anywhere and at any time. The second aspect is bypassing the high budget by improving operational efficiency through the managed interconnection between smart devices within the city. Ultimately, the third aspect is increasing safety and security in all city facilities. The simulation showed that the smart citywould make life in cities more productive and interactive.
An Emotion Detection Mobile Applicationto Decrease Potential Mental Disorder Among Seniorsusing Sentiment Analysis from Audio Data
Authors: Qiu Tengjie , Carter Daniel
Published: August 2023

We wanted to create a better, more trustworthy solution for caretakers to determine the emotion and feelings their patients are experiencing. This is useful for caretakers to adjust how they go about caring for their patients. To solve this, we decided to create a mobile consumer application. Architecturally, the user (caretaker) will be using this mobile app as a front end which will record and send audio of the patient to a backend service. The service will be hosted on AWS and it will be a sentiment analysis algorithm written in Python. The service will analyze and determine the feeling of the patient and send it back to the front end for the caretaker to see. The front end was written in Flutter. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed mobile application, we conducted testing focused on two key aspects: accuracy and response speed. The accuracy of the sentiment analysis algorithm was assessed by comparing the analysis results of pre-recorded audio with predetermined feelings. This evaluation aimed to measure the algorithm's ability to correctly identify and classify emotions. Additionally, we tested the speed of response by sending audio samples of varying lengths, ranging from 2 seconds to 60 seconds. The objective was to determine the optimal response time for providing feedback on the user's mood. Our findings revealed that the algorithm demonstrated high accuracy in detecting emotions within the tested audio samples. Moreover, the ideal response time for generating feedback was identified as 5 seconds, striking a balance between promptness and accuracy. These testing results validate the efficacy of the proposed application in accurately analyzing sentiment and providing timely responses, supporting its potential as an effective tool for monitoring and addressing the mental well-being of elderly individuals. This proposed mobile app, utilizing sentiment analysis, offers a convenient and accurate means of monitoring and addressing the mental well-being of elderly individuals. Its potential to combat loneliness and provide timely support makes it a valuable tool for improving their overall quality of life.
An Intelligent System to Assist Students in Engagement with their Studying Using Generative Artificial Intelligence Models
Authors: Yu Haozhe , Yang Lin , Takada Tami
Published: August 2023

Oftentimes students in the high school system tend to have the least amount of studying assistance despite being in the most rigorous curriculums that the K-12 education system has to offer. Students need someone to guide them on how to complete their homework. TeachNow is a proposed application that would help these students by allowing them to post to a global message board and help out each other. The app centrally relies on a ChatGPT API, to be used by students when no one has responded to their question yet [1]. It works by converting the user’s question into a prompt and then sending it over to the ChatGPT API for processing [2]. Students are able to get these responses from ChatGPT as soon as their question is posed. To test the effectiveness of this system, we perform a test of the ChatGPT API by asking it several mock questions, to which the results were generally desirable [3]. With further revisions, this application would be a perfect fit for students struggling with their education.
An Intelligent Mobile Application to Help Students with Problems Between Their Peers Using Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Audrey , Phan Victor
Published: August 2023

Tutoring is not a commonly available service for middle and high school students who often have to learn the toughest subjects in the K-12 education system [1][2]. This can negatively impact their learning and cause losses in opportunities that could have been avoided. In response, we suggest a mobile application that is able to assist students in their learning as well as help them educate others so that all students can learn together [3]. This application uses the Flutter framework as well as Google’s Firebase service to store user-generated data [4]. An AI recommender system as well as a subject assignment system is hosted on a Python Flask backend server [5]. It will determine what questions someone should look at, as well as what kind of subject a question seems to be, respectively. These systems rely on an AI that uses natural language processing. To test the effectiveness of our application, we devise two experiments. In the first experiment, we determine the accuracy of our subject assigner by giving it several mock questions. In our second experiment, we compare and contrast different recommender systems. Ultimately, our subject assigner is at 50% accuracy and the recommenders we used were roughly the same in accuracy. Overall, this application is polished and with some more improvements to the backend and AI integration, it will be a useful tool for students who need an extra boost in school.
Max-Policy Sharing for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning in Autonomous Mobility on Demand
Authors: T. Alotaibi Ebtehal , Herrmann Michael
Published: August 2023

Autonomous-Mobility-on-Demand (AMoD) systems can revolutionize urban transportation by providing mobility as a service without car ownership. However, optimizing the performance of AMoD systems presents a challenge due to competing objectives of reducing customer wait times and increasing system utilization while minimizing empty miles. To address this challenge, this study compares the performance of max-policy sharing agents and independent learners in an AMoD system using reinforcement learning. The results demonstrate the advantages of the max-policy sharing approach in improving Quality of Service (QoS) indicators such as completed orders, empty miles, lost customers due to competition, and out-of-charge events. The study identifies the importance of striking a balance between competition and cooperation among individual autonomous vehicles and tuning the frequency of policy sharing to avoid suboptimal policies. The findings suggest that the max-policy sharing approach has the potential to accelerate learning in multi-agent reinforcement learning systems, particularly under conditions of low exploration.
Performance Analysis of AODV and DSR Routing Protocols Under Blackhole Attack Using NS-2
Authors: Alifo Ferdinand , Yakubu Mustapha Awinsongya , Doe Martin , Asante Michael
Published: August 2023

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) are wireless networks without a fixed infrastructure, allowing nodes to move freely and act as both routers and hosts. Nodes establish virtual links and use routing protocols like AODV, DSR, and DSDV for connections. Security is a concern, with the Blackhole attack being a notable threat where a malicious node drops packets instead of forwarding them. The paper used NS-2.35 ns-allinone-2.35 version for simulating the impact of Blackhole nodes and implementing AODV and DSR protocols. The study analyzed average throughput, packet delivery ratio, and residual energy as metrics, observing that AODV showed better energy efficiency and delivery than DSR, but DSR performed better in throughput. Environmental factors and data sizes were also considered in the analysis.
Enhancing HTTP Web Protocol Performance with Updated Transport Layer Techniques
Authors: Hossain Ziaul , Fairhurst Gorry
Published: August 2023

Popular Internet applications such as web browsing, and web video download use HTTP protocol as application over the standard Transport Control Protocol (TCP). Traditional TCP behavior is unsuitable for this style of application because their transmission rate and traffic pattern are different from conventional bulk transfer applications. Previous works have analyzed the interaction of these applications with the congestion control algorithms in TCP and the proposed Congestion Window Validation (CWV) as a solution. However, this method was incomplete and has been shown to present drawbacks. This paper focuses on the ‘newCWV’ which was designed to address these drawbacks. NewCWV provides a practical mechanism to estimate the available path capacity and suggests a more appropriate congestion control behavior. This paper describes how this algorithm was implemented in the Linux TCP/IP stack and tested by experiments, where results indicate that, with newCWV, the browsing can get 50% faster in an uncongested network.
Duha Prayer in Improving the Spiritual Intelligence of Grade VIII Students at MTS Miftahul Huda
Authors: Fitriana Fitriana , A  Hasyim Umar Al Faruq , Irhamudin Irhamudin
Published: August 2023

This article aimed to determine the effect of Duha prayer in improving the spiritual intelligence of Grade VIII students at MTs Miftahul Huda Nambah Dadi Village, Terbanggi Besar District Central Lampung Regency. This study used a qualitative method. The subjects was 30 participants. Data collection used documentation and questionnaires. While the technique analyzing data used triangulation. The results showed that Duha prayer is very influential in increasing spiritual intelligence. The process of forming spiritual intelligence in madrasas is in the form of habituating religious activities, educating morals on a spiritual basis (aqidah and faith) which directs students to reach the degree of ihsan. Religious culture in educational institutions is a culture that was created from the habituation of religious activities that lasts a long time and continuously, even to the point where self-awareness emerges from all members of the educational institution to carry out these religious values. To the extent that their hearts are restless if they do not carry out religious activities or violate the religious culture that has become a habit and a spiritual need for humans.

Keywords: Improving Spiritual Intelligence, Effect of Duha Prayer, Spiritual Intelligence
A parental perspective of food advertising on television aimed at children : a case of the eThekwini
Authors:   , Mpungane Vusi Innocent
Published: August 2023

Food and beverage advertisements on television (TV) influence food preferences, particularly among children and adolescents. The primary objective of this study was to establish parental perspectives regarding the promotion of food aimed at children on television in the eThekwini region. There were four sub-objectives in this goal. Sub-objective 1 was to determine parents’ opinions of food promotion on television directed towards children. Sub-objective 2 was to examine parents’ perceptions of how food promotion on television influences their children's eating habits and food preferences. Sub-objective 3 was to establish parent’s opinions of regulations regarding the promotion of food to children. Sub-objective 4 was to establish whether opinions might differ according to respondents’ demographic make-up. This was a quantitative cross-sectional study conducted on a subset of the greater eThekwini population. It should be noted, however, that this study was conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic, making it difficult to handpick candidates because many were unwilling to participate for obvious reasons. This became a limitation that will be taken into account in the interpretation of results. A questionnaire was designed using previously validated questions from past studies. Despite differences in demographic makeup and other factors, the results obtained in the eThekwini region mirrored those obtained from previous studies conducted elsewhere in the world. Food advertising directed towards children has received regular attention for many decades, but it remains a contentious issue, with little favourable press coverage. Nevertheless, marketers continue to use TV as one of the most common promotional tools to advertise products aimed at children. It therefore follows that many children are subjected to TV commercials on a daily basis. Findings could thus be useful not only to marketers, but also to food manufacturers, parents, the government, and academics.