Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study
Authors:   EuroSurg Collaborative, Sgrò A , Blanco-Colino R , Ahmed WUR , Brindl N , Gujjuri RR , Lapolla P , Mills EC , Pérez-Ajates S , Soares AS , Varghese C , Xu W , McLean KA , Chapman SJ , Espín-Basany E , Glasbey JC , Mihaljevic A , Nepogodiev D , Pata F , Pellino G , Pockney P , Dudi-Venkata NN , Egoroff N , Ludbrook I , Raubenheimer K , Richards T , Pockney P , Delibegovic S , Salibasic M , Amjad T , Brindl N , Dörr-Harim C , Gedeon N , Gsenger J , Mihaljevic A , Tachezy M , Bini S , Gallo G , Gori A , Lapolla P , Pata F , Pellino G , Picciariello A , Podda M , Riboni C , Machatschek MJ , Nguyen A , Jakubauskas M , Kryzauskas M , Poskus T , Kuiper SZ , Wang J , Wells CI , Bissett IP , Augestad KM , Steinholt I , Soares AS , Vieira BN , Juloski J , Anabitarte Bautista O , El Kasmy El Kasmy Y , Pérez-Ajates S , Martín-Borregón P , Ossola Revilla M , Espín-Basany E , Van Straten S , Aktas MK , Baki BE , Ahmed WUR , Akhbari M , Baker D , Bhatia S , Brown S , Cambridge W , Kamarajah SK , Khaw RA , Kouli O , McLean KA , Mills EC , Murray V , Trout I , Yasin I , Wong J Y , Reyhani H , Wong KHF , Pancharatnam R , Chia WL , Walmsley A , Hassane A , Saeed D , Wang B , Walters B , Nowinka Z , Alsaif A , Mirza M , Foster K , Luu J , Kakodkar P , Hughes JT , Yogarajah T , Antypas A , Rahman A , Bradbury M , McLarnon M , Nagi S , Riad AM , Erotocritou M , Kyriacou H , Kaminskaite V , Alfadhel S , Fatimah Hussain Q , Handa A , Massy-Westropp C , Čustović S , Dimov R , Mughal H , Slavchev M , Ivanov T , Gouvas N , Hegazi A , Kocián P , Kjaer MD , Mark-Christensen A , Papakonstantinou D , Machairas N , Triantafyllou T , Garoufalia Z , Korkolis D , Castaldi A , Picciariello A , Giaccari S , Spolverato G , Pagano G , Milone M , Turri G , Colombo F , Cucinotta E , Poillucci G , Lapolla P , Bini S , Perra T , Tutino R , Belia F , Coletta D , Belli A , Rega D , Cianci P , Pirozzolo G , Di Lena M , Perrone F , Giani A , Lovisetto F , Grassia M , Pipitone Federico NS , Ferrara F , Biancafarina A , Tamini N , Sinibaldi G , Tuminello F , Galleano R , Sasia D , Bragaglia L , de Manzoni Garberini A , Pesce A , Cassaro F , Venturelli P , Gori A , Canu GL , Esposito G , Campanelli M , Cardia R , Ricciardiello M , Sagnotta A , Canonico G , De Marco G , Cappiello A , Pinotti E , Carlei F , Lisi G , Bagaglini G , Gallo G , Nguyen A , Machatschek MJ , Farrugia M , Meima - van Praag EM , Monteiro C , Pereira M , Botelho P , Quigley A , O'Neill A , Gaule L , Crone L , Arnold A , Grama F , Beuca A , Tulina I , Litvin A , Juloski J , Panyko A , Ossola ME , Trujillo Díaz J , Marín Santos JM , Alonso Batanero E , Gortázar de las Casas S , Soldevila Verdeguer C , Colás-Ruiz E , Talal El-Abur I , García Domínguez M , Delorme M , Sauvain M , Ozmen BB , Aktas MK , Ozkan BB , Calikoglu F , Kural S , Zafer F , Kaya Y , Yalcinkaya A , Kargici K , Tepe MD , Tatar OC , Kabadayi E , Yıldırım A , Hurmuzlu D , Korkmaz K , Sharma P , Troller R , Hagan N , Mooney J , Light A , Tansey M , Bhojwani D , McGing RM , Mallon A , Fadel M , Spilsbury C , James R , O’Brien S , Isaac A , Balasubramanya S , Sadik H , Gala T , Chen JY , Turner B , Goh E , Hassan K , Karam M , Mason P , Tzoumas N , Noton T , Seehra JK , Ahmed N , Motiwale R , Tanna V , Argyriou A , Bylapudi SK , Grace N , Latif S , Hounat A , Kiam JS , Zaidi M , Elsamani K , Hughes C , Suresh A , Sinan LOH , El-Dalil D , Khoo EJM , Salim EE , Stark D , Minhas N , Fowler G , Rees E , Giudiceandrea I , Bardon A , Jayawardena P , Dieseru N , Murphy A , Yates C , Ziolkowska K , Rafie A , Khoda F , Okocha M , Ashdown T , Vitish-Sharma P , Gilliland J , Toh S , Jones K , Devine A , Berry A , McDonnell S , Olivier J , Richardson G , Lim HJ , Vitish-Sharma P , Slim N , Elsayeh K , Sammour T , Dimov R , Sarpanov A , Belev N , Dimitrov D , Gouvas N , Dušek T , Kocián P , Kjaer MD , Mark-Christensen A , Ntomi V , Sotiropoulos GC , Theodorou D , Nikiteas N , Balalis D , Antropoli C , Altomare DF , Luglio G , De Palma GD , Pedrazzani C , Cucinotta E , Simonelli L , Brozzetti S , Porcu A , Massani M , Grazi GL , Izzo F , Delrio P , Restini E , Pirozzolo G , Chetta G , Lantone G , Ferrari G , Lovisetto F , Lucchi A , De Prizio M , Tamini N , Sinibaldi G , Galleano R , Caristo G , Borghi F , Petrucciani N , de Manzoni Garberini A , Huscher C , Cocorullo G , Tonini V , Medas F , Podda M , Sica G , Cillara N , Ricciardiello M , Anastasi A , De Marco G , Bianco F , Giuliani A , Carlini M , Selvaggi F , Sammarco G , Ozoliņš A , Malašonoks A , Andrejevic P , Tanis P , van de Ven A , Gerhards M , Ribeiro da Silva B , Silva A , Lima MJ , Kavanagh D , McCawley N , Kavanagh D , Grama F , Bintintan V , Karamarkovic A , Panyko A , Sanz Ortega G , De Andrés-Asenjo B , Nevado García C , García Flórez LJ , Segura-Sampedro JJ , Colás-Ruiz E , Blas Laina JL , Ponchietti L , Buchwald P , Gialamas E , Ozben V , Rencuzogullari A , Gecim İE , Altinel Y , Isik O , Yoldas T , Isik A , Leventoğlu S , Ertürk MS , Guner A , Güler SA , Attaallah W , Ugur M , Özbalcı GS , Marzook H , Eardley N , Smolarek S , Morgan R , Roxburgh C , Lala AK , Salama Y , Singh B , Khanna A , Evans M , Shaikh I , Maradi Thippeswamy K , Appleton B , Moug S , Smith I , Smart N , Shah P , Williams G , Khera G , Goede A , Varcada M , Parmar C , Duff S , Hargest R , Marriott P , Speake D , Ben Sassi A , Goede A , Furfaro B , Daudu D , Golijanin N , Yek WY , Capasso G , Mansour LT , Niu N , Seow W , Hamidovic A , Kulovic E , Letic E , Aljić A , Letic E , Helez M , Banji-Kelan A , Dimitrova N , Kavradjieva P , Ivanov V , Jukaku A , Hadzhiev D , Mughal H , Slavchev M , Gabarski A , Karamanliev M , Vladova P , Iliev S , Yotsov T , Ευσταθίου Η , Vetsa K , Gouvas N , Stavrinidou O , Papatheodorou P , Liassides T , Georgiou T , Hegazi A , Al Nassrallah M , Altaf R , Amjad T , Negametzyanov M , Dušek T , Zagibová D , Foltys F , Štefanová H , Paspala A , Papakonstantinou D , Bompetsi G , Sidiropoulos T , Sotiropoulos GC , Machairas N , Stamopoulos P , Triantafyllou A , Theodoropoulos C , Kimpizi A , Theodorou D , Triantafyllou T , Palyvou T , Charalabopoulos A , Syllaios A , Schizas D , Liatsou E , Baili E , Vagios I , Tomara N , Davakis S , Balalis D , Palumbo A , Castaldi A , Foroni F , Picciariello A , Altomare DF , Dibra R , Papagni V , Urbani A , Rossin E , Nezi G , Romano P , Amendola A , Esposito E , Manigrasso M , Anoldo P , Vertaldi S , Gecchele G , Turri G , Sabrina ZS , Guerci C , Cammarata F , Lamperti GMB , Zaffaroni G , Benuzzi L , Ferrario L , Cigognini M , Mazzeo C , Badessi G , Pintabona G , Fassari A , Mingoli A , Cirillo B , D’Alterio C , Brachini G , Tancredi M , Zambon M , Aulicino M , Sapienza P , Lapolla P , Liberatore P , Bini S , Scanu AM , Feo CF , Perra T , Iacomino A , Massani M , Pelizzo P , Tutino R , Rossi S , Vigna SA , Grossi U , Grillo V , Agnes A , Schena CA , Belia F , Marincola G , Oddi A , Perotti B , Coletta D , Mario V , Perri P , Zazza S , Aversano A , Scala D , Di Lauro K , Leongito M , Piccirillo M , Patrone R , Restini E , Cianci P , Capuzzolo S , Vignotto C , Pirozzolo G , Bao QR , Giuseppe C , Angarano E , Di Lena M , Marino F , Perrone F , Pezzolla F , Gigante G , Magistro C , Crippa J , Maspero M , Carnevali P , Lovisetto F , Trapani R , Zonta S , Agostinelli L , Vittori L , Romeo L , Doria E , Farnesi F , Danna R , Ferrara F , Biancafarina A , Andolfi E , Pellicano’ GA , Angelini M , Scricciolo M , Zanframundo C , Ciulli C , Ripamonti L , Cigagna L , Oldani M , Tamini N , Larcinese A , Rossi D , Picone E , Crescentini G , Tuminello F , Caristo G , Marano A , Sasia D , Migliore M , Giuffrida MC , Palagi S , Testa V , Borrello A , Lucarini A , Garofalo E , Canali G , Bragaglia L , Orlandi P , de Manzoni Garberini A , Nervegna F , Marchegiani F , Damoli I , Licata A , Trovato C , Cassaro F , Alicata F , Sardo F , Milazzo M , Randisi B , Dominici DM , Cocorullo G , Venturelli P , Gori A , Sartarelli L , Zanni M , Pisanu A , Soddu C , Delogu D , Erdas E , Campus F , Cappellacci F , Casti F , Esposito G , Marcialis J , Atzeni J , Podda MG , Sensi B , Sica G , Franceschilli M , Campanelli M , Bellato V , Cannavera A , Putzu G , Cillara N , di Mola FF , Ricciardiello M , Sagnotta A , Picardi B , Solinas L , Loponte M , Rossi del Monte S , Rossi S , Di Martino C , Linari C , Spagni G , Capezzuoli L , Tirloni L , Nelli T , Caridi A , Elter C , Camassa M , D'Amico S , Bargellini T , Cappiello A , Bianco F , Incollingo P , Pinotti E , Montuori M , Maffione F , Romano L , Valiyeva S , Spoletini D , Lisi G , Carlini M , Menegon Tasselli F , Pellino G , Bagaglini G , Sciaudone G , Selvaggi L , Menna MP , De Paola G , Sammarco G , Fulginiti S , Truskovs A , Weiß C , Saknītis G , Rauscher JTR , Larnovskis J , Jeyarajan-Davidsson M , Malašonoks A , Nitisa D , Machatschek MJ , Gille N , Reiser SC , Farrugia M , Roshan MHK , Andrejevic P , Leseman C , Tanis P , van de Ven A , Chen J , van Dalen AS , Top C , Gerhards M , Detering R , Matos C , Monteiro C , Silva C , Pinto D , Mendes J , Couto J , Leite M , Velez C , Damasio Cotovio M , Cinza AM , Pereira M , Pedroso de Lima R , Botelho P , Quigley A , Boyle E , Yang HW , Banerjee I , Rahmat S , Afzal Z , O'Neill A , Reid C , Dumitrascu F , Croyle JA , Gressmann K , Cullen N , Graham A , Nasehi A , Montano King C , Gaule L , Martin B , Stokell C , Crone L , Sanderson N , Farnan R , jassim S , Arnold A , Chan B , Chua Vi Long K , Kaka N , Pandey S , Neo WX , Chitul A , Bezede C , Grama F , Beuca A , Cincilei D , David A , Blaga M , Blaga SN , Fagarasan V , Tulina I , Khetagurova M , Rodimov S , Kapustina A , Mekhralyzade A , Zabiyaka M , Juloski J , Janković U , Cuk V , Panyko A , Hájska M , Dubovský M , Hrošová M , Ferancikova N , Camarero Rodríguez E , Laguna Alcántara F , Adarraga J , Jezieniecki C , Ruiz Soriano M , Gómez Sanz T , Suarez A , Sánchez García C , Marín Santos JM , Alonso Batanero E , Cifrian Canales I , Llosa Pérez J , Merayo M , Urbieta A , Gegúndez Simón A , Tone JF , Gazo Martínez J , Vicario Bravo M , Chavarrias N , Gil Catalán A , Oseira A , Villalonga B , Soldevila Verdeguer C , Jeri S , Colás-Ruiz E , Perez Calvo J , Nogués A , Cros B , Yánez C , Talal El-Abur I , Blas Laina JL , Utrilla Fornals A , Roldón Golet M , García Domínguez M , Colsa P , Gimenez Maurel T , Delorme M , Buchwald P , Axmarker T , Gialamas E , Chevallay M , Pham TV , Ozmen BB , Sel EK , Ozben V , Atar C , Aktas MK , Aba M , Ozkan BB , Sarkin M , Akkaya YM , Durmaz AG , Calikoglu F , Gullu HF , Boğa A , Aktaş A , Bakar B , Demirel MT , Kural S , Hysejni X , Zafer F , Taser M , Guzel OR , Bozbiyik O , Isik A , Özen D , Ölmez M , Kaya Y , Uyar B , Gülçek E , Kayacan GS , Atıcı N , Gul OF , Altiner S , Ibis B , Altunsu S , Banaz T , Diler C , Demirbas I , Usta MA , Erkul O , Orman R , Salih S , Utkan NZ , Tatar OC , Güler SA , Acil C , Ozgur E , Maddahali M , Turhan AB , Eskici AB , Ular B , Doğru M , Öztürk OU , Arslan ER , Panahi Sharif A , Hurmuzlu D , Dikmen E , Ates J , Bircan R , Cavus T , Sever AE , Balak B , Duman E , Korkmaz K , Altay L , Emanet O , Cullen F , Tan JY , Sharma P , Nathan A , Rottenberg A , Williams CY , Mitrofan CG , Xu D , Bawa JH , Morris P , Troller R , Gordon D , Richmond G , Hui JC , Hagan N , Ighomereho O , Rocks R , McCabe S , Fitzpatrick A , Mooney J , Nicoletti J , Hui JC , Auterson L , Darrah N , Soh VWY , Light A , Ong CS , Utukuri M , Gallagher C , Stuart LM , Hipolito M , Douglas N , Ghazal R , Parris G , Catchpole J , Tansey M , Bryden M , Jamal S , Karim Z , Lyon-Dean C , Bhojwani D , Rowley G , Lee KS , Whitehurst O , Mirza A , Sheikh F , Yousaf H , Bilbao J , Sinclair R , Takar S , Kressel H , McGing RM , Chan V , Mallon A , Schack K , Osborne R , Baldemor S , Smyth S , Gilmour S , Ting A , Bozonelou I , Saunders P , Qhaireel Anwar QA , Tirimanna R , Jauhari S , Gardener A , Walker B , Spilsbury C , Wenban C , Reddy H , Conway-Jones R , Loganathan S , Clynch A , James C , Matey E , Cameron F , James R , Roberts W , Gicquel A , Milliken C , Forbes J , Rubinchik P , O’Brien S , Isaac A , Azmi A , Hawkes C , Cornett L , Adarkwah P , McConville R , O'Hara S , Tijare C , Parkes J , Yao L , Ahmad R , Balasubramanya S , Shafiq U , Mhaisalkar A , Gurung A , Sadik H , de Stadler K , Elias S , Thomas T , Madras A , Jani A , Daler HK , Tong KS , Sundaralingam SS , Nowinka Z , Szal A , Khan A , O'Sullivan C , Baker E , Joseph-Gubral J , Gala T , Chen JY , Turner B , Hadley E , Trivedi R , Igwelaezoh E , Goh E , Barton H , Allison W , Hurst W , Alam F , Parkes I , Hassan K , Jamshaid M , Azizan N , Burgher T , Afzal A , Eltilib I , Zahid M , Sadiq O , Lloyd A , Mason P , Ho R , Brazukas A , Li CH , Kamdar M , Mohamed Nazeer MN , Tzoumas N , Mighiu A , Kim D , Wilkins L , Kuo L , Conway-Jones R , Rafe T , Noton T , Maduka D , Cheema H , Farag K , Mirza M , Abdellatif M , Nzewi R , Kruczynska A , Grasselli H , Yousuff M , Ahmed N , Bassi R , Mann AK , Chopra J , Shaikh M , Sharma P , D Sa S , Tsimplis V , Ghanchi A , Skene E , Asim K , Zaheer M , Chan S , Dalton H , Gibbons K , Adderley O , Chukwujindu I , Jayasuriya I , Sivanu K , Borumand M , Bylapudi SK , Chick G , Bridges I , Tomlin J , McKenna J , Nandra N , Grace N , Grieco C , Quek FF , Mercer R , Latif S , Brankin-Frisby T , Sattar A , Aslam A , Edelsten E , Shafi S , Kouli T , Ford V , Gurung F , Kiam JS , Fernandes M , Deader N , Ponniah R , Jamieson S , Davies A , Taubwurcel J , Aung MT , Desai R , Begum S , Jamadar T , Kangatharan A , Rzeszowski B , Ho C , Yap SHK , Prendergast M , Sethi R , Duku A , Lowe C , Bray J , Elsamani K , Ghobrial M , Nichita V , Wagstaff A , Hughes C , Rengasamy E , Abu Hassan F , Mahmood H , Savill N , Shah S , Almeida T , Sinan LOH , Edwards A , Antypas A , Catchpole B , El-Dalil D , Halford Z , Carmichael A , Khoo EJM , Alsusa H , Salim EE , Boyd M , Reid C , Stark D , Williams J , Feyi-Waboso J , Patel M , Zeidan Z , Bailey E , Bapty J , Brazkiewicz M , Minhas N , Tremlett A , Fowler G , Pringle H , Mankal S , Kaminskaite V , Chung W , Rees E , Parry-Jones E , Anderson K , Mcforrester A , Stanley A , Hoather A , Wise H , Laid I , Giudiceandrea I , Scriven J , Braniste A , Wilson A , Le Blevec L , Pakunwanich N , Evans N , Chong HL , White C , Hunter J , Haque M , Vanalia P , Murdoch S , Choudhary T , McCann A , Harun A , Shah H , Dieseru N , Hunt S , Shafiq Y , Murphy A , Bickley-Morris E , Emms L , Dare M , Patel M , Akula Y , Yates C , Deliyannis E , Mayes F , Ellacott M , Zagorac Z , Farren A , Manning C , Hughed C , Stewart EG , Lim KH , Chohan N , Thaker A , Thompson B , Ziolkowska K , Ahari D , Burdekin E , Okwu U , Akintunde A , Lhaf F , Khoda F , Douthwaite J , Govindan R , Leelamanthep S , Gull E , Wright F , Dundas L , Okocha M , Mackdermott N , Burchi-Khairy T , Campbell I , Walsh J , Yeo JY , Meehan S , Banerjee D , Fu M , Kawka M , Ali T , Hussain Z , Thomas C , Ahmad H , Moroney J , Yick C , Risquet R , Ntuiabane D , Shimato M , Khan M , Ilangovan S , Vaselli NM , Smithers R , Uhanowita Marage R , Valnarov-Boulter A , Kayran J , Banerjee M , Parekh-Hill N , Hooper A , Bowen J , Jagdish R , Mcquoid C , Khan N , O Hare R , Jeffery S , Devine A , Zahid A , Elsworth C , Walter L , Dhillon S , Rao S , Anthony A , Ashaye A , Phillips N , Faderani R , Pengelly S , Choi S , Kwak SY , Lau YHL , Bagheri K , Pancharatnam R , McDonnell S , Ong DYC , Kerr E , Falconer K , Clancy N , Douglas S , Zhang Y , Greenfield F , Mutanga I , McAlinden J , Olivier J , Willis L , Adefolaju A , Agarwal H , Barter R , Harris G , Spencer G , Lim HJ , Lee MW , V Vadiveloo T , Herbert G , Moroney J , Yick C , Patel R , Risquet R , Shah M , Slim N , El Falaha S , Wong C , Soare C , Akram J , Elsayeh K , Bozhkova L , Ma Y , Vo UG , Tan HWN , Leto L , Kamal MA , Hadzhieva E , Krastev P , Tonchev P , Kokkinos G , Pozotou I , Sabbagh D , Votava J , Kocián P , St F , Koliakos N , Tsaparas P , Zografos G , Mantas D , Tsourouflis G , Fradelos E , Castaldi A , Trigiante G , Labellarte G , Resta G , Capelli G , D'Amore A , Verlingieri V , Campagnaro T , Maffioli A , Viscosi F , De Lucia C , Poillucci G , Meneghini S , Fancellu A , Colella M , Biondi A , De Peppo V , Pace U , Albino V , Gattulli D , Piangerelli A , Kalivaci D , Sisto G , Mazzola M , Caneparo A , Grassia M , Lunghi EG , Andolfi E , Nespoli LC , Angrisani M , Sinibaldi G , Langone A , Galleano R , Gelarda E , Virgilio E , Angelini E , Fornasier C , Asero S , Venturelli P , Filippone E , Frongia F , Calò PG , Bellato V , Panaccio P , Sagnotta A , Loponte M , Ipponi P , D'Amico S , Gili S , Giuliani A , Lisi G , Braccio B , Tiesi V , Stolcers K , Kokaine L , Novikovs V , Farrugia M , Capel L , Bastiaenen V , Heijmans H , Ribeiro da Silva B , Silva A , Botelho P , Henriques S , Gan SZ , Ramanayake H , Nolan M , Kakodkar P , Temperley H , Kakodkar P , Ciofic E , Beuca A , Pop BA , Kurtenkov M , Jovanović M , Vician M , Egea Arias P , Beltrán de Heredia J , Labalde Martinez M , De Santiago Alvarez I , Alvarez-Gallego M , Colás-Ruiz E , Talal El-Abur I , Rodriguez Artigas JM , Dwidar O , Korkmaz HK , Eray IC , Meriç S , Aydin R , Çetin B , Özen D , Yalcinkaya A , Karaca BE , Kuyumcu OF , Baki BE , Yüksel E , Uprak TK , Ugur M , Karabulut K , Kavukçu E , Mansor A , Troller R , Hackett R , Zammit-Maempel M , Sabaratnam R , Nicoletti J , Maan A , Ferarrio I , Dixon L , Halai H , Sethi S , Nelson L , Grassam-rowe A , Krishnan E , Deeny D , McKeever M , George Pandeth A , Dhavala P , Sreenivasan S , Sundaram Venkatesan G , Zhu L , Atiyah Z , Gregory J , Morey T , Seymour Z , Holdsworth L , Abdelmahmoud S , Bourhill J , Bisheet G , Shaw J , Kulkarni K , Kumarakulasingam P , Pillay S , Al-Habsi R , Kungwengwe G , Richards J , Davoudi K , Ibrahim B , Tailor B , Zayed M , Chen F , Bailey S , Sheefat S , Nawaz G , Pawar R , Marsh S , Sam ZH , Roy Bentley S , Simpson C , Hughes J , Lim Y , Ooi R , Toh WH , Mannion P , Lovett A , Kinčius A , Hussein S , Kirby E , Beckett RG , Salmon J , Rafie A , Glynn T , Choo SY , Lyons S , Browne D , Ravindran W , Ahmad S , Erotocritou M , Zhu X , Erotocritou M , Bradbury M , McNulty J , McCarthy L , Ng J , Karmally Z , McTeir K , Hanna M , Tan E , Namdeo S , Schembri R , Pusey E 
Published: February 2022

Background

Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice.

Methods

COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement.

Results

Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P &lt; 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion

Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk.