bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperament Clusters in Patients With Panic Disorder in Relation to Character Maturity
Authors: Kim Seolmin , Hong Sumin , Park Doo-Heum , Ryu Seung-Ho , Ha Jee Hyun , Jeon Hong Jun
Published: February 2024

Objective This study explored whether temperament profiles are associated with psychological functioning and whether character maturity affects this association in patients with panic disorders (PD).Methods A total of 270 patients with PD were enrolled in this study. Measurements included the Temperament and Character Inventory-revised-short (TCI-RS), a self-report version of the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS-SR), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Cluster analysis was used to define the patients’ temperament profiles, and the differences in discrete variables among temperament clusters were calculated using a one-way analysis of variance. An analysis of covariance was conducted to control for the impact of character maturity on psychological functioning among clusters.Results We identified four temperament clusters of patients with PD. Significant differences in the PDSS-SR, BDI-II, STAI-state, and STAI-trait scores among the four clusters were detected [F(3, 262)=9.16, p<0.001; F(3, 266)=33.78, p<0.001; F(3, 266)=19.12, p<0.001; F(3, 266)=39.46, p<0.001]. However, after controlling for the effect of character maturity, the effect of cluster type was either eliminated or reduced ([STAI-state] cluster type: F(3, 262)=0.94, p>0.05; SD+CO: F(1, 262)=65.95, p<0.001, ηp2 =0.20).Conclusion This study enabled a more comprehensive and integrated understanding of patients by exploring the configuration of all temperament dimensions together rather than each temperament separately. Furthermore, we revealed that depending on the degree of character maturity, the psychological functioning might differ even within the same temperament cluster. These results imply that character maturity can complement inherently vulnerable temperament expression.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Associated With Second Generation Antipsychotics: A Case Study and Review of Literature
Authors: Bae Heewon , Lee Ji Hyun , Je Sungsuk , Lee Seung-Hoon , Choi Hayun
Published: February 2024

Objective Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) have revolutionized the treatment of psychiatric disorders, but are associated with significant metabolic risks, including diabetes and hyperglycemic crises. This review explores the complex interplay between antipsychotics, diabetes, and hyperglycemic crises, highlighting the mechanisms underlying SGA-induced diabetes.Methods We present the case of a patient with schizophrenia who was taking antipsychotic medication and was admitted to the emergency room due to the sudden onset of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) without any history of diabetes. We extensively searched databases, including Elsevier, PubMed, IEEE, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar, for papers on the effects of antipsychotic drugs on DKA from 2002 to 2021. We focused on DKA, hyperglycemia, and atypical antipsychotics, and retrieved 117 papers. After full-text review, 32 papers were included in this comprehensive review.Results DKA was significantly more frequent in patients taking SGAs. Antipsychotics can induce insulin resistance either directly or through the onset of obesity. Antipsychotics can reduce insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, which is associated with absolute insulin deficiency.Conclusion As the use of antipsychotics continues to increase, understanding their risks and mechanisms is crucial for clinicians to enable informed treatment decisions and prevent potentially life-threatening complications.
Anemia Reduction Program In Adolescents: Scoping Review
Authors: Rosyad Shelly Rodliah , Fatimah Siti , Wulandatika Darmayanti
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Anemia is a health problem that causes sufferers to experience fatigue, fatigue and lethargy. Anaemia is estimated to affect half a billion women 15–49 years of age in worldwide and in indonesia the prevalence of anemia in adolescents is 32%,  This article aims to identify programs related to the treatment of anemia in adolescents, support and obstacles in the implementation of anemia reduction programs. Method: This article used Arshey & O’Malley Framework; selecting articles of which search flow is described through PRISMA Flowchart. Results: Based on 10 chosen articles, 6 articles are marked very good quality and 4 articles are marked as a good quality. Furthermore, there are 2 obtained main themes; Program Form and Barriers. Conclusion: The use of educational media and socialization related to anemia and its prevention for adolescents is expected to increase knowledge and awareness of adolescents about the importance of preventing anemia for adolescents.
KADIN YOKSULLUĞUYLA MÜCADELEDE SOSYAL YARDIMLARIN ROLÜ: DÜZCE SOSYAL YARDIMLAŞMA VE DAYANIŞMA VAKFI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ATASEVER Esma , ISTAR ISIKLI Emel
Published: February 2024

Yoksulluk kavramı kişiden kişiye ülkeden ülkeye değişen çok boyutlu bir kavramdır. Bu nedenle yoksulluğun tanımı konusunda görüş birliği bulunmamaktadır. İnsanların temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılayacak ekonomik güce sahip olmaması, asgari yaşam düzeyinden mahrum olması hali olarak tanımlanabilen yoksulluk olgusu, insanlık tarihi boyunca var olmuştur. 1990’lardan itibaren bu sorun üzerine araştırmalar yapılmaya, Dünya Bankası’nın 1990 yılında yayımladığı yoksulluk raporuyla küresel bir sorun olarak kabul görmeye başlamıştır. Küresel sorun olarak kabul görmesiyle birlikte yoksullukla mücadele konusunda ülkeler çeşitli politikalar üretmeye başlamıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Türkiye’de 14 Haziran 1986 yılında yürürlüğe giren 3294 sayılı Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışmayı Teşvik Kanunu (SYDFK) ile Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışmayı Teşvik Fonu (SYDTF) kurularak yoksullukla mücadele konusunda ilk kurumsal yapı oluşmuştur. Kurulan Fonun amaçlarını gerçekleştirmeleri için her il ve ilçede Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma Vakıfları kurulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın ilk bölümünde yoksulluk olgusu ve türleri ile sosyal yardım kavramı incelenmektedir. İkinci bölümünde kadın yoksulluğu, nedenleri ve sosyal politika konusu ele alınmaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde yoksullukla mücadele mekanizmalarından olan Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma Vakıflarının (SYDV) yapısı hakkında genel bilgilere yer verilmektedir. Alan araştırmasının yer aldığı son bölümde Düzce Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma Vakfı tarafından sunulan hizmetler hakkında bilgi verilerek Vakıftan sosyal yardım alan 385 kadınla yapılan anket çalışmasından elde edilen bulgular incelenmektedir. Bu çalışma ile sosyal yardım alan kadınların demografik özellikleri, sahip oldukları sosyal ekonomik durumları, hangi yardımlardan yararlandıkları konusunda bilgiler elde edilerek alınan yardımların kadınlar açısından etkileri ve görünürlüğü incelenmekte, kadın yoksulluğunu önlemede etkili olup olmadığı konusunda durum değerlendirmesi yapılmaktadır. SYDV’lerin yaptığı sosyal yardımların etkinliğine yönelik kadınların algısı ölçülmeye çalışılmaktadır.
Study on Meaning in Music through ‘Markedness’ -Focusing on Beethoven s Piano Sonata Op. 111 First movement-
Authors:   The Korean Society of Music Education Technology, Lee HyeonJi
Published: February 2024

This paper looks into the meaning and interpretation behind music through the basis of ‘markedness’ theory by Robert Hatten. Hatten’s markedness originates from linguistic studies, and is obtained through conflict. Among two notions that exhibit a conflicting relationship, the one concept that shows a particular meaning is considered ‘marked.’ Similarly, markedness in music is produced through such opposing values, and through this, one can find the particular meaning in the a piece of music. Furthermore, it elicits a discourse which ultimately is an interpretation of the music. As a matter of fact, Hatten’s musical interpretation is exhaustively based through a hermeneutic approach and does not utilize the Schenkerian theory. However, even though Hatten’s theory focuses mostly on the extroversive analysis, it’s difficult to explain without introversive analysis. Hatten, in his works, mentions that Shenker’s Theory explicitly shows the voice leading principle. As such, Hatten’s theory stands out on the musical surface, specifically the foreground, but because it discusses the importance of structure and function of tonality instead of overlooking them, this paper will suggest strategic markedness at multiple structural level including the foreground by utilizing Schenkerian sketches. This is expected to be valuable in drawing the meaning of nonstructural pitches and showing a structural analysis of the music.
Contemporary Perspectives on Schiller’s Aesthetic Education in Terms of Core Competence Education
Authors:   The Korean Society of Music Education Technology, Ju DaeChang
Published: February 2024

Aesthetic education is essential also in contemporary music education because music education these days comes into action by providing effective musical experience to cultivate core competences which seem to be related to the musical beauty. However it is still not clear in the modern music educational field to confirm what is the original intention of core competence education. Even aesthetic education in the school music education is one of hot issues to promote converging competences of students which aim for the future society. The purpose of this study is to highlight the relationship between core competences in the new 2015 curriculum for music class and philosophical frames of Schiller’s aesthetic education who was the inventor of this term ‘aesthetic education’. His idea on aesthetic education was founded on the concept to develope the sound society by means of sound individuals. Accordingly today’s music education in school should not rely on instructing only musical ability but go forward to make progress for aesthetic education that enhances a bond of social sympathy resulted from individual freedom.
Orofacial problems from the wind instrument
Authors:   The Korean Society of Music Education Technology, Moon HoJin
Published: February 2024

Wind instruments are different from other musical instruments because they play with mouth. Perioral muscles, cranial bones, teeth, lips, and tongue participate in the performance. In addition, breathing from the lungs is transmitted to the musical instrument, and both hands are responsible for the fingertip, so the blowing can be defined as an active process of the neuromuscular system to accomplish breathing, embouchure and fingering.
The purpose of this study is to describe the playing-related disorders among instrumental musicians by reviewing the papers on the disease published in between 1960 and 2016. We reviewed the disease reports of the wind instrument players and classified them into maloccusion, tooth problem, temporomandibular joint, orofacial muscle and skin. The review of these musculoskeletal disorders suggests the categories of diseases that can occur and makes it possible to utilize them as basic data for the study of performing art medicine. Based on this review, musicians should understand each disease and will be able to cope with the treatment.
An Analyzing Study of Partial 2 Part-Chorus in the 5th and 6th Grades’ Music Textbooks
Authors:   The Korean Society of Music Education Technology, Hong Seungyoun
Published: February 2024

The preliminary purpose of the study is to analyse the partial 2 part- chorus appearing in 6 kinds of music textbooks for 5th and 6th grade in the elementary school. The study shows that how much portion of the partial 2 part-chorus music in the textbooks is and how much diversity of the music and in other aspects is. For the analysis, 9 criteria, quantitative portion, the meter, the key, the texture, the length of the chorus music, the relation of the tone intervals, vocal range of the parts, expression and the theme, were used. As a result, it is found that the portion was 16.5%, which means 1.5 piece of chorus music is dealt with in each semester. In terms of meter, 53.3% is 4/4 and 24.4% is 3/4. In terms of he key major keyality was used like F(31.1%), C(24.4%), and G(24.4%). In terms of musical texture, 80% of the pieces of music is homophonic texture. In the length of the 2 part-chorus 48.9% has 6~10 measures. The number of the tone intervals was various but under the 3 to 5 was 75.6%. In soprano part 86.7% of the music the vocal register was under an octave. The expressions used in the music textbooks were various, however, p, mp, mf, f, cresc. decres. appear in all textbooks. Through the study it suggests that the number of the chorus be doubled compared to the current textbooks. Various meters, keys(modes) and textures should be appeared in the new coming textbooks. Canon, songs used ostinato, echo-songs, and other simple type of chorus should be appeared before the 2 part chorus for students.
An analysis of local music education communities for school partnership in United States: Implications for strategies to activate arts education for schools
Authors:   The Korean Society of Music Education Technology, Jung JooYeon
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate music education programs of local communities for school partnership in United States. Especially, orchestra and musical programs were focused, and implications to activate arts education for schools in Korea were found. This study mainly used literature review method, and the subjects were nine programs including five orchestra programs and four musical programs. Implications were as follows. First, it is necessary to set up various educational objectives to enrich students’ lives, second, effective partnership among arts education communities, teachers, artists, and local communities needs to be established, third, various funding resources should be considered, and fourth, curriculum with diversity and professionalism should be developed to cultivate humans for 21st century.
Development and Effectiveness of Smart Learning System for Music Appreciation
Authors:   The Korean Society of Music Education Technology, Cho Sunggi
Published: February 2024

The objective of this study is to develop smart learning system for music appreciation and also to verify its effectiveness to explore new methods of music appreciation education in the current condition when smart education using smart phone and mobile devices is emphasized. After understanding the type and method of music appreciation education and the characteristics of smart education through literature, the appreciation learning in smart learning system for appreciation education was designed, and then a smart learning system interlocking with App and Web was developed. In order to verify the effectiveness of the developed system, the system was applied to five classes of humanities high school. In the results, the smart learning system for music appreciation brought about the improvement of academic achievement and satisfaction, which verified its effect on appreciation learning. The results of this study would be significantly used as an idea/case for national smart education as a basic research data for music and other subjects. Also, the smart learning system realized through the results of this study is expected to be used as an effective tool of appreciation learning for every user including elementary/secondary schools, college students, and ordinary people.
Effects of Flipped Learning on Music Appreciation Class in Middle School
Authors:   The Korean Society of Music Education Technology, Cho Jeoungeun
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to apply flipped learning to a music class to analyze changes in student attitudes toward music, thereby providing a method of promoting music education for adolescents. We applied flipped learning to a music appreciation class in a middle school for a semester in 2016 and investigated the changes in the learners. The music class with flipped learning improved music information ability, collaborative learning, and communication skills in a group when compared to the traditional class. In the qualitative data, the learners responded that they experienced positive changes more frequently in the flipped-learning class than in the previous class in terms of musical knowledge or interest in music, while they expressed burdens with prior learning. Overall, the students recognized that their activities in the class were related to how much they had prepared for the class and they indicated a more active desire to participate as the music class progressed. This study may suggest that self-directed learning via flipped learning is helpful in activating music education in middle schools.
A Study of Pedagogy for the Late Romantic Harmony Applying the Method of Elaboration Process
Authors:   The Korean Society of Music Education Technology, Park JaeSung
Published: February 2024

This article studies some pedagogy for the uses and analysis of the late Romantic harmonic practice. It is the Elaboration Process, which the author developed from the compositional process in tonal music, that is employed for this pedagogy. The author says in this article that if the Elaboration Process is employed for the teaching of the late Romantic harmony, it is helpful for the understanding of nonfunctional harmony. The practice of the late Romantic harmony, in some aspects, is equivalent to the nonfunctional harmony. Musical examples used for Elaboration Process in this article are those passages from the first movement of Beethoven’s Symphony No. 3 (1802-1804), Liszt’s Les Prelude (1848-1854), and Berlioz’s Symphonie fatastique (1830).
An Exploration to Music Education for Children Based on the Essence of Art and Communication
Authors:   The Korean Society of Music Education Technology, Kim YoungYoun
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research was to examine the meaning of music education for children from the perspectives of the essence of art education and communication in order to increase the quality of music education for children. From the literatural review, the essence of art and the importance of communication were discussed. From this study, it was emphasized that the music teachers for children need to be acquainted with knowledge on the essence of art for fruitful communication with art per se in the way of selection of teaching contents and decision teaching method as well. Implication was mentioned in connection to curriculum design, instruction and teacher training.
From early composed art songs in Japanese occupation period to korean style art songs: the correlation between poetry and music in Park Tae-joon s art Song
Authors:   The Korean Society of Music Education Technology, Kim Seon ah
Published: February 2024

A study on the analysis of Park Tae-joon s art song is the first step in studying the process of transforming from early composing song to Korean style art songs in the early modern era of Korea. IIt focused on changing musical factors of his pieces from his initial period of time until the time when he established matured technique. I analyzed how the music expressed the lyrics when it sings a poem and how Korean elements were used in Park Tae-joon s music works.
Generally Park Tae-joon composed simple music with regular phrase such as children s songs and hymns. Sometimes he tried to express the meaning of poetry matching texts with music by using musical elements like word painting, figurations of piano accompaniment and using irregular time. In addition, although he composed art songs that are western musical forms, he tried to use Korean musical idioms, which commonly used in Korean traditional songs called “Min-yo” such as a pentatonic scale, triple meter and Saeya harmony. This study finds that Park Tae-joon tried to find his identities of Korean art songs in the early modern era of Korea.
A Study on the Value Elements of Music Education in the Era of the 4th Industrial Revolution
Authors:   The Korean Society of Music Education Technology, Yoon Sungwon
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the value elements of music subject education in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution. For this purpose, the investigator first provided theoretical reviews about high technology, environment, content and methodology in addition to the values of education and those of music subject education serving as part of subject education in the public education system in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Then the study discussed the components needed by the values of music subject education to generate its effects in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution or their fundamental conditions as its value elements. After discussing what its value elements were, the study used the results to propose to discuss a convergence platform and innovative originality. In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the music subject education can promote the convergence of human ideas and emotions including 3Rs, 4Cs, and six competencies through the material, tool or mechanism called music and offers a proper way to use it as a platform. The study thus developed the logic that a convergence platform was a value element of music subject education. Discussing innovative originality, the investigator mentioned innovative originality in the music subject education with the example of Big Data among the various high technologies in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution. This developed into the logic that innovative originality was fit as a value element of music subject education, which implies the universality and educational suggestion of subjects based on the premise of their unique nature.
Analysis of YouTube contents using Korean traditional music education as a keyword
Authors:   The Korean Society of Music Education Technology, Kim Kyoungtai
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for subsequent research and selection of topics on the use and production direction of YouTube contents by analyzing YouTube channels and contents with the theme of Korean traditional music education. To this end, 10 channels of Korean traditional music education and a total of 264 contents were analyzed for the subject, activity area, content presentation method, contents released time, content length, and number of views. The analysis results are as follows. First, as a result of the analysis according to the subject of the content, the contents that dealt with vocal music were the most, and as a result of categorizing it based on the activity area, the contents in the singing area were the most. Second, as a result of the analysis according to the content presentation method, the content presentation method was varied by channel, but the content released after 2020 was developed in a way that the content host actively presents the class content so that it can be immediately applied to the actual school class. Finally, as a result of analyzing the content release time, content length, and number of views, the number of published content and the length of content have increased rapidly since 2020, and in particular, it was found that the average number of views of content with the subject of appreciation was the highest. In the future, it is expected that more diverse and advanced Korean music education will be conducted through the development of contents for various subjects and activities and contents for teacher-led activities, and analysis of the contents of YouTube contents currently being shared.
Potensi Interaksi Antibiotik pada Kasus Infeksi Pneumonia di Bangsal Rawat Inap RSUD Dr.Moewar di Surakarta
Authors: Fransiska Fransiska Wahyu Bintari Putri , Rahardjoputro Rolando , Prawistya Sari Agnes
Published: February 2024

Pneumonia adalah kondisi dimana seseorang mengalami infeksi yang terjadi pada kantung-kantung udara dalam paru-paru, dapat menyebabkan peradangan pada kantong-kantong udara (alveoli) disalah satuatau kedua paru-paru, yang mengakibatkan alveoli dipenuhi cairan atau nanah sehingga membuat penderita sulit bernafas.Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dan dosis yang tidak benar dapat menyebabkanresistensi pada antibiotik. Penggunaan kombinasi pada antibiotik yang tidak tepat dapat mengakibatkaninteraksi yang tidak diinginkan dan menyebabkan terjadinya efek samping pada obat tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi interaksi antibiotik yang terjadi pada kasus pneumonia dan jenis interaksinya pada penggunaan antibiotik pasien rawat inap di RSUD Dr.Moewardi Surakarta periode Januari-Desember tahun 2022. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif, dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling dimana mengambil semua populasi yang akan dijadikan sampel pada penelitian, yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi menggunakan data rekam medis pasien pneumonia rawat inap. Hasil dari penelitian diperoleh bahwa potensi interaksi antibiotik terjadi pada 111 pasien pneumonia, dari 766 potensi interaksi antibiotik yang terjadi, 17,31% merupakan kategori mayor, 79,49% kategori interaksi moderat, dan 3,20% kategori interaksi minor.
Identifikasi Kandungan Bahan Kimia Obat Deksametason Secara Spektrofotometri UV-Vis Pada Jamu Penambah Berat Badan
Authors: Lidiawti Dewi , Syam Fadhila , Sirajuddin Washliaty , Nurdayanti Nurdayanti
Published: February 2024

Deksametason ialah bahan kimia yang biasa di tambahkan pada jamu penambah berat tubuh. Sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No 006 Tahun 2012 pasal 37, jika seluruh tipe obat tradisional dilarang memiliki bahan kimia obat ( BKO) sintetik. Tipe riset yang dilakukan merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan identifikasi isi bahan kimia obat deksametason pada 3 tipe jamu penambah berat tubuh yang tersebar dipasar, menggunakan Spektrofotometri Uv- Vis dengan panjang Gelombang 390nm. Hasil riset memperlihatkan jika ilustrasi jamu penambah berat tubuh JGS, JMJ serta JBS diprediksi memiliki deksametason dengan konsetrasi berturut-turut 123 ppm, 113 ppm, serta 73 ppm
An appraisal of the observed crystallinities of volcanic materials
Authors: Shamloo Hannah , Kent Adam
Published: February 2024

There is a broad consensus that magma eruptibility—the ability of magma stored in the subsurface to erupt onto Earth's surface—is strongly controlled by viscosity. Related to this, a critical parameter that controls viscosity is crystallinity. However, there is uncertainty in the crystallinities that distinguish eruptible from non-eruptible magmas, and whether highly crystalline magmas (>60 vol.%) could be erupted in some conditions. An underutilized but important source of information for understanding this relationship is the observed crystallinities in erupted volcanic materials, which by definition represent a set of eruptible magmas. Here we present a compilation of reported crystallinities for nearly 1000 volcanic samples of differing composition, tectonic setting, and eruption style, which provides valuable insight into the fundamental mechanisms which drive eruptions. Overall, the 95th percentile crystallinity value of our full dataset is 57 vol.%, and \>99 % of all non-dome samples have crystallinity ≤53 vol.%. This suggests that 50–60 vol.% crystallinity represents a fundamental limit for eruptibility for most volcanic rocks. Some dome samples are clear exceptions to this and are erupted with considerably higher crystallinities. There is also a significant correlation between crystallinity and whole rock SiO2 content as observed previously, but a shallow slope suggests whole rock and melt silica content have less impact on critical crystallinity for erupted magma than previously thought. Melt viscosity (as a function of SiO2, temperature, and H2O content) and crystallinity both play important roles on increasing effective viscosity, where melt viscosity plays a more important role at low crystal fractions, and crystallinity plays a more important role at crystallinities greater than ~40 vol.%.
Dose Response Effects of Liraglutide (Saxenda) on Weight Loss among Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Three Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Muhammad Rajar Uzma Dost , Ashraf Najia , Fahim Amin
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The present is aimed to determine the effects of three different doses of Liraglutide (Saxenda) that are 0.6mg, 1.2mg and 1.8mg with and without exercises on obese population after 6 months of intervention. Methodology: A three arm randomized controlled trial was performed at Isra Univeristy Hospital, Hyderabad. A total of n=60 obese participants including both male and female were recruited and divided into two groups n=20 participants in each group. Each group was than further divided into two subgroups n=10 participants in each subgroup. Results: The analyses of the findings had revealed that n=22 participants included in the study were male whereas n=38 were female. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of the participants in group A at baseline was 29.95±1.35kg/m2, 30.21±1.56 kg/m2 and 29.54±2.33 kg/m2 in subgroup (i), (ii) and (iii) respectively whereas in group B the values of BMI at baseline were 30.25±1.56 kg/m2, 29.87±2.56 kg/m2 and 30.11±2.33 kg/m2 in subgroup (i), (ii) and (iii) respectively. In group C the values were 30.01±2.14 kg/m2, 28.59±2.22 kg/m2 and 30.58±1.98 kg/m2 in subgroup (i), (ii) and (iii) respectively. Conclusion: The findings revealed substantial differences in BMI and body fat percentage within each group from baseline through three and six months of intervention. Higher Liraglutide (Saxenda) dosages (1.8mg) resulted with greater decreases in BMI and body fat percentage than lower doses (0.6mg and 1.2mg). Keywords: obesity, body mass index, body fat percentage
In Search of Present Time. Which Role Can It Play for Aristotle?
Authors: Mesch Walter
Published: February 2024

In his theory of time Aristotle does not often mention the present time and nowhere gives a detailed account of it. Nonetheless, present time plays an important role in his conception. I primarily argue for the following claims: (1) According to Aristotle there is a perception of motion and there is a perception of time. These combined perceptions can neither occur in the past nor in the future nor in an indivisible now. Thus, there must be a present time. (2) Aristotle acknowledges the passage of time. This passage of time can only be understood as a passing present. And since an indivisible now cannot pass, the passage of time delivers a further argument for the basic assumption of a present time. – For the most part I simply follow Aristotle’s argument in Physics IV 10 and 11. In doing so, I distinguish present time and now in the introductory puzzles, investigate the passing present in the co-perception of change and time, discuss the relation between change and the passage of time as well as the relation between the passing present and the different nows.
Aristotle’s “Now” and the Definition of Time: Method and Exegesis in Simplicius’ Interpretation of Physics IV.10
Authors: Seissl Thomas
Published: February 2024

Physics IV.10 (217b30–218a30) is pivotal in Aristotle’s discussion of time, preceding his own account from IV.11 onward. Aristotle presents three puzzles about the existence of time with reference to the “Now”. Modern interpretations often view this section as an aporetic prelude with Aristotle’s failure to provide explicit solutions. This paper examines Simplicius’ alternative interpretation, which draws upon the theory of proof and the syllogistic model from the Posterior Analytics. Simplicius contends that the arguments’ failure lies in their inability to fit within the suitable syllogistic framework to establish a demonstrable definition of time, not in their aporetic nature. Every science has to prove the relation between (i) establishing whether X exists and (ii) showing what X is by establishing what the cause of X is. In evaluating Simplicius’ interpretation, this paper addresses two key aspects of the exegesis of IV.10: firstly, Simplicius can show why the “Now” is not part of the definition of time, and secondly, the ancient commentator underscores the close connection between the arguments in Physics IV.10 and the broader context of Aristotle’s discussion of time. Modern interpreters fail to address both of these issues.
Types of Presupposition and Derivational Affix in the Novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
Authors: Syafaat Muhammad , Saragih Gustaman
Published: February 2024

The aim of the research is 1) to analyze and clarify types of presupposition found in the Novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. 2) to analyze derivational affixes found in Novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. The research method is descriptive qualitative. The data of this research is gained from the novel which found 40 data of presupposition and 50 data of derivational affix. Analysis is fulfilled with each of the utterance is divided and distributed into six kind of presupposition, and every word/base that contain derivational affix is divided and distribute to nine affixation process explained by tree diagram. The result of the research is the Existential Presupposition is the first mostused with amount 11 data out of 40 data. Existential Presupposition has 27,5% in dialogue. Verb to Noun is the most dominant derivational affix process with total 12 data out of 50 data getting 24% portion.
The Erratic Use of Imperative and Passive Voice in Procedure Text Writing Ability
Authors: Ming Wihandoyo , Supeno Supeno
Published: February 2024

The objectives of this research is to indicate the errors in the use of Imperative and Passive Voice in the students’ procedure text. The writer uses qualitative descriptive research method. The technique of collecting data of Imperative and Passive Voice was content analysis that was acquired from the students’ writing product. The data of this study is based on Jacob’s theory cited in Meliawati that content or document analysis is a research method applied to written or visual materials for the purpose of identifying specified characteristics of the material. In conclusion, content analysis also helps the writer to find research that fits the writer’s passion rather than needing to find a passion that fits the research. The result of this study is that the teacher should be more conscious and pay more attention to students' learning process in using Imperative and Passive Voice in writing procedure text especially how to design a strategy of teaching language features used in Imperative and Passive Voice.
The Perceptions of Teachers Regarding Digital Literacy and The English Teaching Learning Process
Authors: Nurul Hakim Denhaz , Suendarti Mamik
Published: February 2024

The study intends to show how teachers perceive their students' progress in studying English during and after the pandemic and their digital literacy abilities. The research was conducted utilizing a case study qualitative methodology, which involved interviewing four English instructors at private junior high schools in Bandung City in addition to surveying a population and a sample of 15 English teachers. The study's findings demonstrate that: 1) The teacher can effectively convey the fundamentals
of digital literacy, including its components—understanding, skills, and initiatives to raise awareness and proficiency—in these areas. 2) The teacher can adequately describe the process of learning English during a pandemic, taking into account the learning design, problems, and benefits of learning during a pandemic, as well as the effects of digital literacy on the process. 3) The teacher is able to plan the English learning process that will take place once the pandemic is over, taking into account learning challenges after the pandemic, the effects of digital literacy on the learning process after the pandemic, and the effects of learning during the pandemic on the learning process after the pandemic.
EFEITO DO REJEITO DE MICA, BIOFERTILIZANTE BOVINO E COBERTURA COM FIBRA DE COCO NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE MORINGA (Moringa Oleífera Lam.)
Authors: Ferreira Valter Silva , Freire José Lucínio de Oliveira , Silva Joálison de Brito , Santos Robson Vinício dos , Campos Milton César Costa
Published: February 2024

A moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) é uma espécie florestal arbórea originária do norte da Índia, com diversas aplicabilidades na medicina tradicional, na indústria de cosmética e como forragem animal. Por intermédio disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do rejeito de mica, biofertilizante bovino e cobertura com fibra de coco na produção de mudas de moringa (Moringa oleífera Lam.). Assim foram obtidos os substratos alternativos na região do semi-árido: A mica utilizada foi coletada em uma jazida e peneirada em peneiras de 2,0 mm de malha; o esterco fresco utilizado na produção do biofertilizante bovino que é oriundo da fermentação aeróbica do esterco bovino fresco misturado com água não clorada e a cobertura utilizada foi colocada com uma camada de 4,0 cm de fibra de coco. Assim, foram analisados quanto ao número de folhas por planta, área foliar total (AFT), taxa de crescimento absoluto em fitomassa fresca epígea (TCAFFE), comprimento da raiz principal, massa fresca total (MFT), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca total (MST), alocação das biomassas foliar (ABF), caulinar (ABC) e das raizes (ABZ). Contudo, verificou-se que os melhores tratamentos para as variaveis biometricas foram aqueles independentes dos substratos com biofertilizante bovino e cobertura de fibra de coco.
Comparison of the Clinical Outcomes in Women with A or D PCOS Phenotypes versus Single Polycystic Ovary undergoing IVF-ET
Authors: Dai Fangfang , Geng Yasong , Du Meiyang , Wang Shusong , Li Guozhen , Tao Linlin , Zheng Bo
Published: February 2024

Background: The impact of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on endometrial receptivity and embryo quality is a subject of debate. Different PCOS patient types may exhibit different effects on these factors. This study aimed to identify causes for low live birth rate by comparing endometrial receptivity and embryo quality among different PCOS types. Methods: Overall, a total of 767 PCOS patients with first in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment classified into phenotype A (n = 167 patients) and phenotype D (n = 600 patients) were eligible for analysis. Patients with single polycystic ovary (n = 406 patients) served as a control group to exclude the advantages of clinical outcome from higher number of oocytes retrieved in women with PCOS. Results: In phenotype A and D, Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC) and basic estradiol were significantly higher compared to single polycystic ovary. However, estradiol, progestin and endometrial thickness on the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) day were significantly decreased. In fresh cycles, phenotype A had a significant statistical decrease in the live birth rate compared with single polycystic ovary (35/78 [44.87%] vs. 135/233 [57.94%], p < 0.05), although there was no significant difference in the number of embryo transplants and clinical pregnancy rate among the three groups. It might be associated with the significant reduction of total gonadotropin (Gn) dose, Gn duration, and follicular output rate (FORT) in all the typed PCOS groups. In the first frozen embryo transfer (ET) cycles, no significant difference was observed for estrogen, progestin, or endometrial thickness on the day of ovulation and live birth rate. Women with live birth had a higher estradiol on the hCG day in the phenotype A (3763 [3121, 4752] vs. 2954 [2112, 4036] ng/mL) while a lower estradiol in the single polycystic ovary (3312 [2341, 4465] vs. 3417 [2350, 4638] ng/mL). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, estradiol on the hCG day was a significant independent factor predicting live birth for women with phenotype A (odds ratio (OR) >1.000, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.000–1.001), p = 0.034) and single polycystic ovary (OR <1.000, 95% CI: 0.999–1.000, p = 0.013) in fresh ET. Conclusions: The various subtypes of PCOS have no significant adverse effect on embryonic outcome. It was not directly caused by PCOS; however, low levels of estradiol may be the reason for the low live birth rate owing to significant reduction of total Gn dose, Gn duration and FORT as a result to low incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in phenotype A.
Clinical Effect of Psychological Nursing Combined with Fluoxetine in the Treatment of Postoperative Anxiety in Patients with Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Sun Na , Yan Weijiao , Wang Linlin , Wang Jing , Wang Lin
Published: February 2024

Background: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a combined approach involving psychological nursing and fluoxetine in improving the mental well-being and quality of life in patients undergoing hysterectomy. Methods: Patients were categorized into three groups: control, intervention group A, and intervention group B, based on the nursing plan. The control group received routine nursing care, whereas intervention group A received routine nursing care and psychological support. Intervention B received routine nursing care, psychological support, and fluoxetine treatment. Psychological symptoms, anxiety, depression, quality of life, and nursing satisfaction were compared between the three groups before and after nursing interventions. Results: The outcomes of intervention groups A and B were superior to those of the control group. Furthermore, intervention group B outperformed intervention group A. After the interventions, the nursing satisfaction was higher in both intervention groups, A and B, compared to the control group. In contrast, intervention B exhibited the highest satisfaction scores, surpassing those of intervention group A. Conclusions: The combination of psychological nursing and fluoxetine therapy for patients with endometrial cancer undergoing hysterectomy holds significant promise in alleviating anxiety and depression, improving their overall quality of life, and increasing nursing satisfaction.
Association between Serum Creatinine and Osteoporosis in Early Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chen Shaohui , Zhou Shugen , Chen Yuanhong , Liu Rongju
Published: February 2024

Background: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is the hallmark of osteoporosis, postmenopausal women are more likely to have microarchitectural deterioration and fracture risks. This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum creatinine (sCr) levels and osteoporosis in women who are early postmenopausal. Methods: There were 335 early postmenopausal women (age 40–60 years) in Dongguan, China, included in this cross-sectional study. BMD in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and trochanter was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and assessed using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models based on sCr levels obtained during the first DXA examination. Results: Without osteoporosis patients had significantly higher sCr levels than osteoporosis patients. Overall, 75 (22.4%) participants (age, 51.3 ± 5.2 years) had osteoporosis. The median sCr level was 55.9 ± 9.6 µmol/L (range, 29.0–94.0 µmol/L). sCr levels increased by 1 µmol/L, while the risk of osteoporosis decreased by 4% (odds ratio [OR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.93–0.99), when menopause duration, menopause rating scale, body mass index, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, activity status, serum uric acid, and serum urea nitrogen were considered. Participants in the highest sCr quantile were at low risk for osteoporosis compared with those in the lowest quantile (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22–0.94). Based on subgroup and sensitivity analyses, this association remained stable. Conclusions: The sCr levels of early postmenopausal women are negatively associated with BMD, independent of age, menopause duration, and serum uric acid levels. As a marker of bone health, sCr may be a valuable indicator of skeletal muscle mass and provide evidence for future osteoporosis markers.
Which Ovarian Reserve Marker is More Reliable in IVF Patients with AMH and AFC Discordance?
Authors: Yu Eun Hee , Lee Hyun Joo , Joo Jong Kil , Na Yong Jin
Published: February 2024

Background: In clinical practice, discordance between anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) presents a recurring challenge. Such discordance can potentially lead to inappropriate clinical decisions, thereby diminishing the clinician’s confidence in managing a patient’s long-term journey through assisted reproductive technology (ART). This study aims to clarify such discordance and identify the more reliable marker between the two, analyzing ART outcomes among Korean infertility patients with AMH and AFC discordance; furthermore, the study elaborates data to evaluate possible patient-related factors contributing to discordance. Methods: This retrospective observational study involved 225 infertile women who underwent their first controlled ovarian stimulation treatment followed by embryo transfer. These patients were categorized into three groups: the congruent (Con) group with predicted AMH according to AFC within 50% prediction interval; the higher-than-predicted (HTP) group with predicted AMH above upper boundary of 50% prediction interval according to AFC; the lower-than-predicted (LTP) group with predicted AMH below lower boundary of 50% prediction interval according to AFC. Variables in the comparative analysis of these three groups focused on ART outcomes. Results: The HTP group which had younger patients with lower dose of follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) achieved better ART outcomes than the LTP group. After adjusting for factors affecting ovarian response such as age, body mass index (BMI), AFC, and total dose FSH usage, the HTP group still demonstrated significantly superior results in terms of the oocyte yield, good-quality embryo rates, and pregnancy rate compared to the LTP group. In the logistic regression analysis, age was not a significant patient factor affecting the ART outcomes; however, the patient’s status of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was significantly associated with the AMH-AFC discordance, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.24. Conclusions: Serum AMH provided the more accurate prediction of the patient’s ovarian reserve, especially when the discordance between AMH and AFC was present; more favorable ART outcomes were observed in the patients with the higher AMH measurement than the statistically expected value from their AFC. In addition, the presence of PCOS could be considered as one of the significant factors contributing to such discordance between AMH and AFC.