bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
About a little-known system of fibers running along the periphery of the antero-external part of the cervical part of the spinal cord
Authors: Bekhterev V.
Published: January 2021

For a long time I had in mind to write a note about the fiber system, which I called the olive bunch (aka Dreikantbahn Helweg'a) and which I described in detail in a separate article in Neur. Centr. No. 12, 1894; but purely different external circumstances served as an obstacle. The immediate reason for this lock is the fact that recently this system began to pay attention to the authors and was the subject of research by several persons, among other things Reinhold, Risk and Obersteiner. This system undoubtedly deserves attention and study, since there are still some unclear points regarding it. The main of these points relate to 1) the direction of the fibers of the system under consideration and 2) its origin and termination.
On the question of the termination of motor nerves in the muscles of the heart of vertebrates
Authors: Smirnov A. E.
Published: January 2021

Despite the significant literature on this issue, we still do not have its final resolution. Here, in brief features, is the main literary data related to this subject. A. Klliker in 1862, examining the nerves of the frog's heart, spoke in favor of their free ending on the muscle cells of the heart, which is most similar to the nerve ends on the striated muscle fibers.
Chronicle of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists at the Imperial Kazan University. Protocol of the meeting of the Society on April 30
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: January 2021

Chaired by N.M. Popov, under secretary V.V. Nikolaev. Attended by years. acting members: V. S. Boldyrev, V. N. Vasyatkin, B. I. Vorotynskiy, A. F. Geberg, V. N. Dolgov, M. M. Maevskiy, N. A. Mislavskiy, L. A. Sergeev , P. S. Skuridin, D. A. Timofeev, N. N. Toporkov, A. E. Yanishevskiy, guests: Dr. Maleev, Loshilov, Karaulov and a few people of the public.
Sperm DNA fragmentation: etiology, pathogenesis, the influence on reproductive function
Authors: Korshunov Maxim N. , Korshunova Ekaterina S. , Darenkov Sergey P.
Published: January 2021

The literature review of sperm DNA fragmentation is evaluated. Russian and foreign literary data over the past 10 years, including fundamental researching of the evaluation of the gametes genome integrity, are analyzed. The main etiological factors and the possible reasons of the DNA breaks formation on the different stages of spermatogenesis are described. The influence of the sperm oxidative stress reaction to the DNA integrity is analyzed. The relationship between DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa pregnancy and live birth rates in the assisted reproductive techniqueare noted. Risk of the recurrent pregnancy losses in male infertility cases with the sperm DNA damage is presented. Review confirms the significant prognostic value of sperm DNA fragmentation detection in infertility cases. Further studies in evaluation of pathogenesis of sperm DNA have a clinical interest to reproductive health physicians.
THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANTS AND PH ON PHOTOOXIDATIVE STRESS WITH METHYLENE BLUE OF E. COLI, S. AUREUS AND C. ALBICANS
Authors: İDİL Önder , DARCAN Cihan
Published: January 2021

In this study, the effect of photooxidative stress on different microorganism groups (Gram positive, Gram negative and Eukaryote) and the role of pH and antioxidants on this effect were investigated. The study was performed under 3 day light fluorescent lamps (total 4950 lux) in phosphate buffer (5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0) at different pH values. As a result, the colony counts of Escherichia coli, Sthapylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were not decreased under photooxidative stress according to the starting number at pH 5.0 and 6.0. While E. coli and S. aureus at pH 8.0 were decreased 3 log and 3.38 log, it were decreased 1.27 and 1.56 log at pH 7.0. Similarly, C. albicans decreased 0.35 log at pH 7.0 and 0.75 log at pH 8.0. T99 value at pH 8.0 was determined as 4.0 hours for E. coli, 3.5 hours for S. aureus, and 15.7 hours for C. albicans (p < 0.05). When the effects of NaCl, Mannitol and ascorbic acid on photooxidative stressed microorganisms were examined, it was determined that NaCl protected microorganisms against photooxidative stress, and ascorbic acid and mannitol changed their effect according to microorganism. In conclusion, photooxidative stress were found to be more effective to Gram positive than Gram negative bacteria, more effective to bacteria than eukaryotes. The effectiveness of photooxidative stress has been determined to be quite high at alkaline pH. It was also determined that there is a direct relationship between the effect of photooxidative stress and pH and osmolarity. It has been found that Ascorbic acid and Mannitol are not protective against photooxidative stress in Gram-positive and eukaryotic cell. Yet the cause of this condition is unknown.
Az anaerob baktériumok szerepe az agyi tályogokban : Irodalmi összefoglaló
Authors: Urbán Edit , Gajdács Márió
Published: January 2021

Az agytályog még napjainkban is potenciálisan súlyos következményekkel járó, életveszélyes betegség, ami jelentős diagnosztikus kihívást jelent nemcsak az idegsebészeknek, mikrobiológusoknak, de a neurológusoknak, pszichiátereknek, infektológusoknak, sürgősségi és intenzív osztályok orvosainak is – hiszen a gyakran láztalan, szisztémás infekció jeleit nem mutató beteg panaszai, tünetei hátterében az etiológia sokszor lassan tisztázódik. Az agyi tályog etiológiája általában polimikrobiális, leggyakrabban különféle aerob és obligát anaerob bakté­riumokkal. Minden infektív ágens kiváltotta kórképben a lehetséges kórokozók számbavételével kell tevékeny­ségünket megtervezni. Az agyi tályogok anaerob etioló­­giá­jára vonatkozó epidemiológiai tanulmányok gyakran jelentek meg az 1960-as és 1980-as évek között, manapság azonban erről a témáról nagyon kevés aktuális publikáció áll rendelkezésre. Az anaerob baktériumok szerepe a kórképben nagyon sokáig feltehetőleg aluldiagnosztizált volt, mivel sok laboratórium nem rendelkezett az anaerob baktériumok számára is megfelelő laboratóriumi felkészültséggel. A jelen összefoglaló közlemény célja az elérhető szakirodalom összefoglalása az obligát anaerob baktériumok agytályogokra vonatkozó etiológiájára vonatkozóan, beleértve ezek gyakoriságát és a jelenlegi terápiás ajánlásokat.
Echocardiography in the Assessment of Intraventricular Flows and Pressure Gradients in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sandrikov V. А. , Kulagina T. Yu. , Van E. Yu. , Gavrilov A. V.
Published: January 2021

Aim      To evaluate results of myomectomy by intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPG) and blood flows in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (OHCMP).

Material and methods  The study included a total of 76 subjects, 42 patients with OHCMP (mean age, 39±7 years) and 34 healthy volunteers (mean age, 41±3 years). Prior to and after myomectomy, transthoracic echocardiography was performed and followed by digital image processing and calculation of IVPG and left ventricular (LV) vortex flows. Vector analysis was used to estimate the myocardial displacement rate (V), vortex flows, and LV apex-to-base pressure gradients.

Results The study showed a dynamic decrease in the LV apex-to-outflow IVPG by more than 50% and recovery of myocardial contraction velocity in the septal area (р<0.001). The decrease in LV cavity pressure gradient serves as an index for evaluating the effectiveness of OHCMP correction. Myomectomy reduces the load on the myocardium and abolishes mitral valve regurgitation with improvement of LV blood flows as also evidenced by the dynamics of long axis velocity change during the cardiac cycle (dL / dt) and the myocardial contraction velocity (V).

Conclusion      Effectiveness of the surgical correction of OHCMP is based on the dynamics of myocardial contraction velocities, vortex blood flows, and a decrease in LV apex-to-base IVPG.
Level of the growth differentiation factor-15 in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Sabirzyanova A. A. , Galyavich A. S. , Baleeva L. V. , Galeeva Z. M.
Published: January 2021

Aim To reveal relationships between growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and laboratory and instrumental indexes in patients with myocardial infarction in acute phase.Material and methods The study included 118 patients younger than 70 years with ST-segment elevation or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI). For these patients, GDF-15 was measured by enzyme immunoassay within 48 h of MI clinical onset along with a routine examination. Statistical significance of differences in qualitative variables was assessed by the Student’s t-test for normal distribution and by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test; significance of differences in quantitative variables was assessed by the Pearson’s chi-squared test. The presence of a relationship between quantitative variables was assessed with the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.Results For patients with MI, mean GDF-15 concentration was 2.25±1.0 ng/ml. Moderate correlations were found for GDF-15 and levels of natriuretic peptide (r=0.36, p<0.01), white blood cells (r=0.32, p<0.01), and ejection fraction (Simpson rule) (r=-0.32, p<0.01); weak correlations were found with levels of troponin I (r=0.21, p=0.02) and urea (r=0.20, p=0.04), and interventricular septal thickness by echocardiography (r= -0.26, p<0.01). GDF-15 was higher in patients with ST-segment elevation MI (2.36±1.02 vs 1.99±0.96, p<0.05) and in the presence of hypo- or akinetic areas (2.35±1.05 vs 1.85±0.70, p<0.05). No dependence of GDF-15 on the presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors was observed.Conclusion GDF-15 correlates with major markers of myocardial injury; its level is higher in patients with ST-segment elevation MI regardless of the infarct location.
Safety and Effectiveness of Volumetric Computed Tomography of the Heart in Combination with a PharmacologicaTest with Adenosine Triphosphate in the Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Minasyan A. A. , Soboleva G. N. , Gaman S. A. , Shariya M. A. , Ternovoy S. K. , Karpov Y. A.
Published: January 2021

Aim      To evaluate safety and efficacy of sodium adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a vasodilator in assessment of left ventricular (LV) myocardial perfusion and in verification of ischemia by cardiac volumetric computed tomography (CT).

Material and methods  The study included 58 patients with suspected ischemic heart disease (IHD). For all included patients, cardiac volumetric CT with a pharmacological ATP test was performed. The rate of adverse effects was analyzed during the ATP infusion. Results of the study were compared with data from using other noninvasive methods for IHD diagnosis by calculating Cohen’s kappa, the measure of agreement between two variables.

Results The test performed during CT showed good tolerability of the ATP infusion, a low rate of moderate adverse reactions (8.6 %), and the absence of severe side effects. Results of diagnosing IHD with cardiac volumetric CT with the ATP pharmacological test were comparable with data from using other methods for noninvasive verification of LV myocardial ischemia (bicycle ergometry, treadmill test, stress echocardiography) in combination with coronarography or CT coronarography.

Conclusion      ATP appears a safe pharmacological agent for diagnosing transient LV myocardial ischemia. ATP can be recommended as a vasodilator for evaluation of perfusion using cardiac volumetric CT.
Safety performance of rivaroxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and advanced chro­nic kidney disease
Authors: Chashkina M. I. , Andreev D. A. , Kozlovskaya N. L. , Salpagarova Z. K. , Suvorov A. Yu. , Suchkova S. A. , Bykova A. A. , Syrkin A. L.
Published: January 2021

Aim To evaluate safety of using rivaroxaban in patients with stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) or transient, stable decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to 15–29 ml /min / 1.73 m2 in the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF).Material and methods This multicenter prospective, randomized study included patients admitted to cardiology departments from 2017 through 2019. Of 10 224 admitted patients 109 (3 %) patients with AF and stage 4 CKD or a stable decline of GFR to 15–29 ml /min / 1.73 m2 were randomized at 2:1 ratio to the rivaroxaban 15 mg /day (n=73) treatment group or to the warfarin treatment group (n=36). The primary endpoint was development of BARC and ISTH major, minor, and clinically relevant minor bleeding. Mean follow-up duration was 18 months.Results Patients receiving warfarin had a significantly higher incidence of BARC (n=26 (72.2 %) vs. n=31 (42.4 %), р<0.01) and ISTH (n=22 (61.1 %) vs. n=27 (36.9 %), p<0.01) minor bleeding and all ISTH clinically relevant (minor clinically relevant and major bleedings) n=10 (27.7 %) vs. n=8 (10.9 %), р=0.03]. The number of repeated hospitalizations was 65 (43% of patients) in the rivaroxaban treatment group and 27 (48% of patients) in the warfarin treatment group (р=0.57), including 24 (36.9 %) and 11 (40.7 %) emergency admissions in the rivaroxaban and warfarin treatment groups, respectively (р=0.96). Significant improvement of changes in creatinine clearance and GFR (by CKD-EPI and Cockroft-Gault) was observed in the rivaroxaban treatment group.Conclusion The study provided evidence for a more beneficial safety profile of rivaroxaban compared to warfarin in patients with AF and advanced CKD.
New Possibilities to Reduce the Residual Risk in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Bershtein L. L.
Published: January 2021

Despite a significant progress of the recent decades, incidence of cardiovascular complications in patients with manifest, stable ischemic heart disease (IHD) is still high. Furthermore, this patient group is heterogenous; individuals with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications can be isolated from this group based on the presence of comorbidities and acute IHD on the background of the therapy. Such patients require a more aggressive treatment to influence major components of the increased risk. Even after administration of an optimum therapy, the risk for complications in such patients remains high (residual risk). The article discusses the lipid, inflammatory, and thrombotic components of residual risk in IHD patients and possibilities of their control with drugs with a special focus on possibilities of pharmaceutical correction of the risk thrombotic component in IHD patients with diabetes mellitus.
Evaluation of antidepressant effects of zoledronate in rats
Authors: Robin Mapranathukaran Devassy , Udaykumar Padmaja
Published: January 2021

Depression is often associated with low bone mineral density. It has been reported that antidepressants, particularly in elderly people, are a cause of low bone strength and fractures. Also it has been found that the antidepressants targeting the serotonin system are harmful for bone health and induce osteoporosis. A relationship between depression and osteoporosis has become more evident over the years, as reduced bone mineral density has been noticed in both depressed women and men. Aged men are more susceptible to the effects of depression on BMD than older women.

It has also been observed from different studies that depressed men have lower bone mineral density than non-depressed men. Studies on animals have also indicated that depression may predispose to osteoporosis.

Recent long-term studies have also shown that women with menopausal status are at higher risk of depression and osteoporosis. The positive effects of bisphosphonates, including improvement in anxiety or depression, is an area of research in the recent years. The application of bisphosphonates, especially risedronate, ibandronate and etidronate in the treatment of depression along with osteoporosis is limited and no studies have been done using zoledronate.

To evaluate the anti-depressant effect of zoledronate in albino rats.

After obtaining approval from Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, 18 albino rats weighing 150-250 grams were taken and divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each.

Distilled water 10 ml/kg oral; Group B (Standard) Fluoxetine 20 mg/kg oral for 1 week and Group C (Test) – Zoledronate 0.45 mg/kg oral for 1 week.

Anti-depressant effect was assessed after 1 week by performing forced swim test and tail suspension test.

Data was analysed using one way ANOVA. p value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Zoledronate (0.45 mg/kg) has shown significant reduction in duration of immobility in both forced swim test (p < 0.05) and tail suspension test (p < 0.05) when compared to control.

Results suggest that zoledronate at dose of 0.45 mg/kg has significant anti-depressant effect.
To assess the rationality of pharmacotherapy of patient in clinical situations and validation of questionnaire tool used in rational pharmacotherapy
Authors: Turankar Avinash Vikram , Shetty Ashwita Uday , N Pramoda , Motghare Vijay Motiram , Urade Chetan Shankarrao
Published: January 2021

: To provide a structured tool to assess rationality based on the 10 domains of Rationality score; To find out the impact of the structured tool for judging the rationality score of Pharmacotherapy in various clinical situations e.g. High, Moderate and Low rationality score.

A rationality scale was developed to check the coefficient of variation in each parameter of rationality, on a scale of 1 to 10, acronymed as R.A.T.I.O.N.A.L.I.T.Y.

Various clinical cases were discussed and treatment was criticised if any. These cases were then rated according to the rationality scale.

High Rationality - Score ≥ 6, Average Rationality – Score > 4 and < 6 & Low Rationality - score ≤ 4.

For high rationality score, the top 5 parameter are availability of drugs, lab monitoring, rational combination, Protocol/Regime and if objectives of treatment fulfilled.

For average rationality scores, the top 5 parameters are Objective of treatment, Availability of drugs, Treatment correctness, lab monitoring and Protocol/Regime followed.

For low rationality, the lowermost 5 parameters were cost of therapy, irrational combination, lab monitoring, use of trade names instead of generic names and availability issues starting from the lowest.

Parameters like availability of the drugs, lab monitoring, presence or absence of irrational combinations are critical and common judgement parameters while judging if the therapy is rational or not.
Green Infrastructure Investment Opportunities: Brazil 2019
Authors: Davidson Kristiane , Gunawan Nabilla , Ambrosano Julia , Souza Leisa
Published: January 2021

Green investment opportunities can help to close the country's infrastructure funding gap and also meet its climate commitments. The Green Infrastructure Investment Opportunities - Brazil 2019 was developed to facilitate the engagement between project owners and developers, and investors. The report analyses the development of the sustainable finance market in Brazil, and the investment opportunities in green infrastructure across four key sectors: low carbon transport, renewable energy, sustainable water management, and sustainable waste management for energy generation. Moreover, it also lists alternatives for unlocking the country's potential in sustainable infrastructure investment as well as identifying a range of actual projects that are in the pipeline for development and which could potentially access green finance.
Opportunities for Sustainable Infrastructure Investments at City Level in Brazil
Authors: Gasparotto Thatyanne , Ambrosano Julia
Published: January 2021

This policy brief was developed in order to identify preliminary green /sustainable infrastructure opportunities for cities in Brazil. The rapidly growing green bond market can help local authorities to attract new sources of capital for financing subnational infrastructure. Water and sanitation, waste to energy and urban mobility were the sectors selected for an inicial assessment, given the investment needs in Brazilian municipalities and their alignment with low carbon development and resilience. This brief was also used to raise awareness across key infrastructure stakeholders in Brazil, and build a number of market education activities in the second semester of 2018.
Study of the Impacts of Climate Change on the Women and Men in the Caribbean: Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience Countries
Authors:   Value for Women
Published: January 2021

This report aims to provide an overview of the gender and climate resilience nexus in the Caribbean and provide gender-inclusive recommendations for climate resilience programmes in the region. This report has been developed within the context of the Caribbean Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience (PPCR) to support gender mainstreaming into the regional and national programme activities. Specifically, the report seeks to: Understand how men and women participate in climate resilience programmes and how gender inequalities are exacerbated by climate change impacts in the sectors covered by the PPCR. Identify institutional arrangements and good practices for integrating gender equality concerns in Caribbean climate resilience programmes. The audience for this report is PPCR stakeholders (e.g. executing agencies, implementing partners, Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) country office teams) and project teams in the Caribbean seeking to mainstream gender into climate resilience projects in the future.
Transformação digital dos governos brasileiros: Tendências na transformação digital em governos estaduais e no Distrito Federal do Brasil
Authors: Lafuente Mariano , Leite Rafael , Porrúa Miguel , Valenti Pablo
Published: January 2021

Nos últimos anos, o Brasil deu um salto na agenda de transformação digital dos serviços públicos, recebendo o reconhecimento de organizações internacionais como a ONU e a OCDE. No entanto, o modelo federativo do país assegurou aos governos estaduais as principais competências de atenção direta à cidadania. Em que pese essa constatação, são escassas as informações sobre o funcionamento das políticas de governo digital em nível subnacional no país. No entanto, com o advento da pandemia de COVID-19 e a introdução das políticas de distanciamento social, a digitalização dos serviços públicos tornou-se uma agenda emergencial em todos os níveis de governo, e as disparidades de capacidade entre as administrações para enfrentar este momento de crise tornaram-se evidentes. É nesse contexto que surge a necessidade traçar um diagnóstico comparado sobre o nível de desenvolvimento da agenda de transformação digital dos serviços públicos em nível estadual no país, objetivo do presente documento, elaborado com base em uma pesquisa feita pelo BID entre os meses de agosto e setembro de 2020 em parceria com GTD.GOV e com a participação de autoridades dos governos estaduais e do Distrito Federal brasileiro.
Fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud pública por medio de la visión de Una Salud
Authors: Nieves Cuervo Giselly Mayerly
Published: January 2021

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Crónica de una pandemia anunciada: caso Santander (Parte 1)
Authors: Idrovo Alvaro Javier , Manrique Edgar Fabian , Nieves Cuervo Giselly Mayerly
Published: January 2021

Introducción: la pandemia de COVID-19 llegó al departamento de Santander el 17 de marzo de 2020; los primeros casos fueron importados y relacionados, manteniendo una baja ocurrencia generalizada hasta finales de mayo. Desde ese momento empiezan a aumentar los casos de manera rápida, consecuencia de la flexibilización laboral de mitad de mayo y el desconfinamiento desde el 1 de junio. Se tiene como objetivo generar un insumo a los tomadores de decisiones en el mejoramiento de la respuesta a la pandemia Materiales y métodos: se realizó un análisis del comportamiento de la pandemia por covid-19 en Santander, a partir de datos de registros oficiales y análisis de efectos colaterales desde la visión de la salud pública y un enfoque de Una Salud. Resultados: Se comienzan a evidenciar los efectos colaterales de la pandemia que no afectan únicamente al sector salud. Aún no se conocen las consecuencias del día sin IVA (19 de junio) en la ocurrencia de infectados. Una evaluación preliminar de la respuesta gubernamental en Santander sugiere falta de preparación; es notoria la disminuida capacidad de vigilancia en salud pública, en epidemiología de campo y capacidad diagnóstica, incapacidad de aumentar el número de unidades de cuidado intensivo, inadecuada comunicación con la sociedad, limitada capacidad de acción de las comunidades y falta de claridad en el manejo intersectorial de las diversas manifestaciones y efectos colaterales de la pandemia. Discusión: con base en el análisis, a comienzos de julio 2020 el panorama de respuesta a la pandemia es desalentador en Santander.
Hallazgo de diclofenaco en un producto fitoterapéutico a base de caléndula comercializado en Colombia
Authors: Stashenko Elena , González Andrés- Fernando , Martínez Jairo- René , Durán Diego- Camilo , Oliveros Cristhian- Andrés , Gualteros Leydé- Katerine , Salgar-Rangel William , Henríquez Juan- Camilo , Rojas Juan- Diego
Published: January 2021

Introducción: la consulta de un particular que trajo un producto fitoterapéutico a base de caléndula cuyo consumo le causó fuertes reacciones adversas, originó esta investigación sobre la composición de este producto. Objetivo: caracterizar  la  composición  química  de  muestras  de  lotes  diferentes  de  un  producto comercial  denominado fitoterapéutico  a  base  de  caléndula (Calendula  officinalis) (PFC) comercializado  en  Colombia. Metodología: se analizaron tabletas de ocho cajas del PFC de cuatro lotes diferentes de producción (2017 y 2018). Se llevó a cabo el análisis de espacio de cabeza (HS) de tabletas por microextracción en fase sólida (SPME), con una fibra PDMS/DVB (65 μm), expuesta al HS de la muestra durante 30 min a 50 °C. Las fracciones volátiles se analizaron por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC/MS). Los extractos de tabletas obtenidos con mezcla de metanol:agua (1:1, v/v) se analizaron por cromatografía líquida (LC) de alta (HPLC) y ultra-alta eficiencia (UHPLC), con detectores de arreglo de diodos (DAD) y espectrometría de masas de alta resolución (HRMS), respectivamente; la  cuantificación  de  diclofenaco  se  hizo  por  calibración  con  patrón  externo  y  poradición de estándar. Los espectros de masas de baja y alta resolución y patrones de fragmentación de las sustancias detectadas se estudiaron, usando GC/HRMS y LC/HRMS-Orbitrap. Resultados: en tabletas analizadas por HS-SPME, se  encontraron  monoterpenoides  y  sesquiterpenoides  de  origen  vegetal,  ftalatos,  residuos  de  solventes (2-cloroetanol, etilenglicol) y sustancias químicas intermediarias en la síntesis de diclofenaco (2,6-dicloroanilina y  2,6-cloro-N-fenil-bencenamina).  En  los  cromatogramas,  obtenidos  por  GC/MS  de  los  extractos  de  tabletas obtenidos con diclorometano, se detectaron diclofenaco, sus impurezas A, B y C, los ésteres de diclofenaco y algunas  otras  impurezas.  Diclofenaco  en  cantidad  ca. 40 mg (7-8%) se cuantificó por HPLC en tabletas (> 70 analizadas) escogidas al azar de ocho cajas del PFC, adquirido en el mercado local de Bucaramanga (Colombia). Conclusión: en cada tableta analizada se determinaron alrededor de 40 mg del compuesto sintético diclofenaco (sustancia no declarada en la etiqueta del producto) y en ninguna se detectaron ésteres de los triterpenoides oleanano o faradiol, constituyentes del extracto de caléndula que poseen actividad antiinflamatoria; se encontraron algunos flavonoides comunes a muchas plantas, en cantidades mil veces menores que la de diclofenaco.
Elementos para comprender la discriminación y agresiones en contra de personal sanitario durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Díaz-Victoria Ana- Ruth
Published: January 2021

A raíz de la pandemia de COVID-19 provocada por el SARS-CoV 2, en tan solo 6 meses de su existencia se han adoptado distintas medidas de protección y atención a la población mundial. Los trabajadores de la salud han realizado grandes esfuerzos para combatir la enfermedad a nivel hospitalario. De forma paradójica, se han identificado actos de discriminación y agresión en contra del personal sanitario, que incluyen la negación de servicios, amenazas, daño físico y patrimonial, principalmente. El propósito de este trabajo es describir algunos elementos que permitan comprender el comportamiento social de discriminación que sufren los trabajadores sanitarios. Se describe el estado de la salud mental en la población general y del personal intrahospitalario durante la pandemia, así como los antecedentes de agresiones al personal de salud previos a esta condición, que permiten tener un panorama general desde distintas perspectivas, con el fin de establecer lineamientos generales útiles para su prevención.
Secondary Piggyback Intraocular Lens for Management of Residual Ametropia after Cataract Surgery
Authors: Karjou Zahra , Jafarinasab Mohammad-Reza , Seifi Mohammad-Hassan , Hassanpour Kiana , Kheiri Bahareh
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To investigate the indications, clinical outcomes, and complications of secondary piggyback intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for correcting residual refractive error after cataract surgery.
Methods: In this prospective interventional case series, patients who had residual refractive error after cataract surgery and were candidates for secondary piggyback IOL implantation between June 2015 and September 2018 were included. All eyes underwent secondary IOL implantation with the piggyback technique in the ciliary sulcus. The types of IOLs included Sulcoflex and three-piece foldable acrylic lenses. Patients were followed-up for at least one year.
Results: Eleven patients were included. Seven patients had hyperopic ametropia, and four patients had residual myopia after cataract surgery. The preoperative mean of absolute residual refractive error was 7.20 ± 7.92, which reached 0.42 ± 1.26 postoperatively (P < 0.001). The postoperative spherical equivalent was within ±1 diopter of target refraction in all patients. The average preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity was 1.13 ± 0.35 LogMAR, which significantly improved to 0.41 ± 0.24 LogMAR postoperatively (P = 0.008). There were no intraor postoperative complications during the 22.4 ± 9.5 months of follow-up.
Conclusion: Secondary piggyback IOL implantation is an effective and safe technique for the correction of residual ametropia following cataract surgery. Three-piece IOLs can be safely placed as secondary piggyback IOLs in situations where specifically designed IOLs are not available.
An Unusual Presentation of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada
Authors: Can Ipek Sefik , Uslu Sadettin , Can Gercek , Ozbagcivan Ozlem , Cakar Ozdal Pinar , Osman Saatci Ali
Published: January 2021

This is a Photo Essay and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article in HTML.
Author's Reply to Topical Umbilical Cord Serum for Corneal Epithelial Defects after Diabetic Vitrectomy
Authors: Moradian Siamak , Ebrahim Marzieh , Kanaani Azade , Faramarz Amir , Safi Sare
Published: January 2021

This is a Reply Letter and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article in HTML.
Clinical Features of Infantile GM1 Gangliosidosis: Report of an Iranian Patient
Authors: Ordooei Mahtab , Fallah Razieh , Abdi Fatemeh , Soheilipour Fahimeh
Published: January 2021

Background: GM1 gangliosidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease due to a lack of β-galactosidase activity, exactly because of mutations in the GLB1 gene. GM1 gangliosidosis is a rare disease that could occur either during infancy (infantile type 1), as a juvenile (type 2), or in adulthood (type 3) in both nervous and skeletal systems. Type 1 is characterized by premature psychomotor deterioration, visceromegaly, macular cherry-red spot, skeletal deformities, and death in the first 2 years of life.
Case Presentation: We reported an Iranian infant who, on initial check-up, had coarse face, visceromegaly, dystonia, and hepatosplenomegaly that increased at 15 months of age. At the initial check-up, a genetic test was performed and GM1 gangliosidosis type 1 was diagnosed.
Conclusion: infant form is characterized by early-onset before the age of 6 months and rapidly progressive psychomotor deterioration, facial abnormalities, and visceromegaly.
Integrando o jogo digital trace effects no processo de aprendizagem de inglês: uma pesquisa narrativa.
Authors: Santana Alessandra Gomes de Lima Alves , Souza Valeska Virgínia Soares
Published: January 2021

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo proporcionar a reflexão sobre experiências educativas inovadoras na aprendizagem de línguas, com base no trabalho com o jogo digital Trace Effects. Foram ministradas aulas presenciais na oficina intitulada “Gamifique sua aprendizagem de inglês com Trace Effects”. Utilizando-se da abordagem teórico-metodológica da Pesquisa Narrativa, foi realizado o registro das experiências por meio do material produzido para a oficina, de fotografias e de notas de campo. A partir da análise desses registros, foram redigidos os textos de campo, que possibilitaram reflexões e discussões sobre a prática educativa realizada. A experiência dos participantes com o jogo permitiu pensar novas possibilidades de aplicação de tecnologia digital no contexto de ensino e aprendizagem da língua inglesa, além de contribuir efetivamente para o desenvolvimento das habilidades orais e de interação dos alunos. Como composições de sentido, foram levantados quatro temas, a saber: Abertura às novas experiências: o processo de planejamento; Lidando com a questão da heterogeneidade; O jogo como catalisador da aprendizagem na oficina; e Para além do jogo: explorando a oralidade. Conclui-se que a oficina oferecida com a utilização do jogo Trace Effects contribuiu para o desenvolvimento das quatro habilidades linguísticas e que a complementação do uso do jogo, a partir de outras tecnologias digitais e de propostas de interação colaborou para a habilidade de comunicação dos participantes.
Um panorama sobre a Língua Árabe no Brasil e seu percurso até a sala de aula.
Authors: Caffaro Paula Da Costa
Published: January 2021

O objetivo central deste estudo é traçar um panorama sobre o status da língua árabe no Brasil na última década (de 2010 a 2020). No entanto, procurou-se retomar a trajetória da língua e cultura árabes em solo nacional como uma das justificativas possíveis para o interesse dos brasileiros em estudar esse idioma. Por isso, foi resgatado o percurso da presença árabe no Brasil em diferentes momentos históricos, desde os tempos do Brasil-Colônia, com a chegada dos africanos muçulmanos – os Malês, até o recente acolhimento de refugiados e imigrantes devido à Guerra Civil Síria em diferentes capitais do país. Foram relembradas também as Insituições Públicas Brasileiras, projetos, escolas, cursos onde é possível aprender a língua, literatura, cultura, história, política, filosofia árabes. Descreveram-se ainda as metodologias de ensino, materiais didáticos empregados nas salas de aula, além de evocarem-se as dificuldades e desafios que um professor brasileiro encontra para ensinar essa língua a alunos brasileiros que, embora possam ser descendentes de árabes, pouco ou nada sabem sobre sua língua de herança.
Przedawnienia zobowiązań podatkowych
Authors: Janas Dominika
Published: January 2021

Przedawnienie zobowiązań podatkowych jest nieefektywną formą wygaśnięcia zobowiązania podatkowego. W artykule poruszone zostały kwestie zobowiązania oraz przedawnienia i jego terminów, a także rozróżniono pojęcia zawieszenia i przerwy biegu terminu przedawnienia. Zaprezentowano skutki, a co więcej dane obrazujące wielkość zaległości podatkowych w Polsce w latach 2014–2017. Konsekwencją przedawnienia jest brak możliwości pobrania zapłaty przez organ podatkowy i powstawanie zaległości podatkowych negatywnie wpływających na budżet państwa.
Nadzór nad rynkiem finansowym w Polsce a ochrona konsumenta
Authors: Kudlak Izabela
Published: January 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza nadzoru nad rynkiem finansowym w Polsce, porównanie możliwych koncepcji oraz odniesienie ich do ochrony konsumenta. Autor postanowił za pomocą przeglądu literatury i aktów prawnych  przeanalizować stwierdzenie, że nadzór nad rynkiem finansowym w Polsce jest koncepcją odpowiednią, nie wymagającą zmian, która zapewnia konsumentom odpowiednią ochronę.
МИЛИЦА МИМИ ВУЛОВИЋ И ЧАСОПИС "МИСАО"
Authors: Генцел Валентина В.
Published: January 2021

У раду се анализира целокупни објављени књижевни рад Милице Мими Вуловић, који се састоји од четири песме и једне приповетке, штампан у часопису Мисао (у раздобљу од 1920. до 1922. године). Како текстови припадају у том периоду новонаступајућој епохи, дат је осврт на основна начела авангарде и њено (не)прихватање од стране тадашњих уредника часописа Симе Пандуровића и Ранка Младеновића. О животу Вуловићеве се мало писало, те ће га аутор у уводном делу рада сажето приказати, највише уз помоћ изјава и књижевног стваралаштва списатељкине кћерке Светлане Велмар-Јанковић. Образована у Француској, из буржоаске породице где се књига ценила, Милица Вуловић је имала приступ нашој и европској култури и савременом књижевном стваралаштву. Пажљивом анализом ауторкиних текстова пружа се увид у њен покушај модернистичког писања, који је још увек у дослуху са традицијом и пређашњим епохама, са циљем да се допринесе његовом бољем сагледавању у оквиру српске авангардне књижевности.
МОТИВ ИНЦЕСТА У ДРАМИ "НЕДОЗВАНИ" МОМЧИЛА НАСТАСИЈЕВИЋА
Authors: Поповић Емилија А.
Published: January 2021

У раду се анализира мотив инцеста у драми Момчила Настасијевића Недозвани. Циљ рада јесте да, кроз анализу различитих аспеката мотива инцеста у драми Недозвани, покаже да је овај мотив, односно, родна коб, која наткриљује и целокупан драмски опус овог писца, заправо алегорија уметности, која је послужила овом писцу за обликовање естетског концепта. Иако је у овој драми мотив инцеста метафора за „породичну самодовољност“, категорије кроз које је овај мотив приказан упућују на намеру писца да од овог мотива начини метафору за матерњу мелодију која ће се у другим драмама развити до алегорије за уметничко стварање, тј. естетског концепта. У раду ће бити анализирани ликови чији односи и карактери граде и осветљавају овај мотив.
ХРИСТОЛИКИ ЈУНАЦИ У РОМАНИМА "ПРОКЛЕТА АВЛИЈА" ИВЕ АНДРИЋА И "БРАЋА КАРАМАЗОВИ" ФЈОДОРА МИХАЈЛОВИЧА ДОСТОЈЕВСКОГ
Authors: Никић Љиљана Ж.
Published: January 2021

У раду се анализирају христолики јунаци у романима Проклета авлија Иве Андрића и Браћа Карамазови Фјодора Михајловича Достојевског. Посебна пажња биће посвећена Турчину Ћамилу, лику у роману Проклета авлија, као и анализи ликова Аљоше Карамазова и старца Зосиме у роману Браћа Карамазови. Циљ овог рада јесте да, применом компаративне методе и критичко-интерпретативног поступка, као и интертекстуалним повезивањем споменутих дела, укаже на међусобну повезаност и сличност између јунака, али и на утицај Фјодора Михајловича Достојевског на стваралаштво Иве Андрића, с обзиром на то да оба аутора долазе из хришћанске традиције и у подтекст својих романа уграђују Јеванђеља, која помажу поентирању текстова и проналажењу универзалних значења.
КО ЈЕ УБИО АНДРИЋА?! ГРОТЕСКНА ПРЕДСТАВА И КАРНЕВАЛИЗАЦИЈА СТВАРНОСТИ КАО ПОСТМОДЕРНИСТИЧКА ОБЕЛЕЖЈА РОМАНА "АНДРИЋЕВА ЛЕСТВИЦА УЖАСА" СВЕТИСЛАВА БАСАРЕ
Authors: Копања Јована М.
Published: January 2021

Роман Светислава Басаре Андрићева лествица ужаса критика је друштвене стварности и идеје колективизма, где се једини српски нобеловац својата и спушта на ниво баналности. Централне теме у роману су приказ друштвене стварности, односно друштвеног неукуса и психолошке кризе балканског човека који је опседнут проблемом југословенства, југоносталгије, национализма, „великосрпског“ шовинизма и „србопаразитизма“. У бошовском маниру Басара у роману представља гротескну слику света са елементима бахтиновске карневализације. Имајући у виду да се Басарина проза везује за ПОСТмодернизам, циљ овог рада је да се карневалистичка представа стварности и гротеска анализирају као постмодернистичке тенденције. Поред тога, у раду су размотрене просторне схеме и положај тела у роману као постмодернистички амблеми.
Os efeitos da Covid-19 sobre os desempenhos das ações dos setores da B3
Authors: Silva Caldas Antonio Vinicius , Silva Emerson de Sousa , Silva Júnior Antonio Franscisco de Almeida , Cruz Ulysses de Brito
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o comportamento dos setores produtivos da B3 durante a pandemia de Covid-19, considerando o período de 2 de janeiro a 12 de maio de 2020. Esta pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa analisou o retorno médio mensal e o volume negociado de 55 setores. As técnicas utilizadas na análise dos dados foram: análise de clusters, diferença em diferenças e os testes de randomicidade, normalidade e correlação serial. Concluiu-se que a Covid-19 afetou os grupos de maneira diversa, sendo que um deles se comportou como um mercado de eficiência fraca. O estudo traz como contribuição a constatação empírica de que os setores que compõem a B3 apresentaram comportamentos distintos diante da pandemia no novo coronavírus.
Note préliminaire sur la prévalence de la maladie de Gumboro chez les volailles au Cameroun
Authors: Durojaiye O.A. , Kwenkam P.
Published: January 2021

L'existence de la bursite infectieuse (ou maladie de Gumboro) dans les élevages industriels de volailles au Cameroun a été recherchée à l'aide des techniques sérologique et virologique. L'anticorps viral a été trouvé dans 118 sérums (33,9 p. 100) sur les 348 prélévements examinés à partir de sept lieux choisis au hasard. D'autre part une recherche virologique a été réalisée sur des prélévements de bourse de Fabricius obtenus par autopsie à partir d'élevages dans lesquels on avait noté un degré élevé de mortalité chez les jeunes. Cet examen a révélé la présence de l'antigène viral de la bursite infectieuse. Ces observations confirment l'existence de la maladie dans les élevages industriels de volailles camerounais.
Prolifération de mollusques et incidence sur les trématodoses dans la région du delta et du lac de Guiers après la construction du barrage de Diama sur le fleuve Sénégal
Authors: Diaw O.T. , Vassiliades Georges , Seye M. , Sarr Y.
Published: January 2021

Les dernières prospections malacologiques effectuées dans la région du delta du fleuve Sénégal, de juin 1989 à janvier 1990, ont permis de constater la prolifération rapide des mollusques Biomphalaria pfeifferi et Lymnaea natalensis, qui semblaient avoir disparu depuis 1977 alors que les populations de bulins restaient stables. Parallèlement, de nombreux cas de bilharziose intestinale humaine (Schistosoma mansoni), notamment à Richard-Toll, où on note actuellement près de 40 p. 100 de malades, et de distomatose animale (Fasciola gigantica) avec des premiers cas chez des ovins, ont été enregistrés. Cette nouvelle situation épidémiologique est une des premières conséquences de la mise en service, en 1986, du barrage de Diama, à l'embouchure du fleuve Sénégal. Il a créé des conditions écologiques favorables au développement des mollusques.
Suspicion d’un foyer de paralysie due aux tiques chez le dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius) au Soudan
Authors: Musa M.T. , Osman O.M.
Published: January 2021

Un foyer de paralysie, probablement due aux tiques, a été découvert sur des dromadaires (Camelus dromedarius) dans la région de Darfur, au Soudan, entre les latitudes 11-12¼ N et les longitudes 24-25¼ E. Les troupeaux se trouvaient dans des zones infestées de tiques. Dix troupeaux, totalisent 251 animaux d'âges différents, ont été concernés, avec une mortalite de 34,3 p. 100. On a noté les symptômes suivants : incoordination, démarche hésitante et décubitus, suivis soit par la mort, soit par la guérison. Des adultes de Hyalomma et des nymphes et des adultes de Rhipicephalus ont été suspectés comme agents responsables de la maladie. Des tiques nourries expérimentalement sur cobaye ont provoqué chez ce dernier une paralysie temporaire. L'éloignement des animaux des zones infestées et le traitement contre les ectoparasites avec du lindane à la concentration de 0,23 p. 100 ont contribué à endiguer la maladie.
Structure et histochimie des glandes salivaires sublinguales du dromadaire (Camelus dromedaríus)
Authors: Al Asgah N.A. , Jarrar Bashir M. , Taib N.T.
Published: January 2021

Des études morphométriques, histologiques et histochimiques ont été conduites sur les glandes salivaires du dromadaire d'Arabie (Camelus dromedarius). Les glandes sont du type acino-tubulaire, formées de nombreux lobules comprenant deux types de cellules : mucoséreuses et séromuqueuses. Les cellules mucoséreuses constituent l'élément sécrèteur essentiel de la glande; les cellules séromuqueuses sont beaucoup plus rares et forment des associations d'acini. Les premières sécrétent et élaborent de grandes quantités de mucosubstances neutres, des mucomucines et un peu de sulphomucines. A l'inverse seule la portion apicale des secondes révèle une activité faible ou modérée dans la sécrétion de mucosubstances neutres ou acides. Les tests histoenzymatiques utilisés ont révélé une activité très importante de la phosphatase alcaline, de la déhydrogénase succinique, de l'aminopeptidase et d'estérases non spécifiques. On a décelé une faible activité de l'oxydase cytochrome et de la péroxydase et aucune activité de la lipase triacyglycérase, de la B-glucironidase et de l'amylase. La signification fonctionnelle des résultats fait l'objet d'une discussion.
Effet de différents niveaux de complémentation d'une ration de fourrage vert (Panicum maximum) par de la graine de coton mélassée sur la croissance de taurillons Baoulé en post-sevrage
Authors: Yo Tiémoko , Bouchel Didier , Kouao Brou J.
Published: January 2021

Soixante-quatre taurillons Baoulé âgés de 10 mois et demi et pesant en moyenne 99 kg ont été répartis en quatre lots et maintenus en stabulation durant 78 jours. Tous les lots ont reçu comme aliment de base du Panicum maximum distribué à l'auge. En outre, les lots 2, 3 et 4 ont reçu comme complément, respectivement, 1, 1,5 et 2 kg par jour d'un concentré de 75 p. 100 de graines de coton et 25 p. 100 de mélasse. L'augmentation des quantités de concentré distribuées entraîne une diminution des quantités de fourrage volontairement ingérées qui passent de 2,45 kg MS/100 kg de poid vif pour le lot 1 à, respectivement, 1,9, 1,52, 1,31, pour les lots 2, 3 et 4. Les GMQ (- 63, 123, 176 et 250 g/j) augmentent avec le niveau de complémentation. Toutefois, la différence entre les lots 2 et 3 n'est pas significative. Aucun signe d'intoxication par le gossypol n'a été observé sur les animaux recevant de la graine de coton. Une étude économique succincte montre que ce concentré est bien valorisé.
Apparition du syndrome d’amaigrissement et de retard de croissance sur des poulets de chair au Soudan
Authors: El Mubarak A.K. , Kheir S.A.M. , Abu Elgasim A.I.
Published: January 2021

La première apparition d'une infection à réovirus sur des poulets de chair a été observée au Soudan dans le plus grand élevage industriel de la région. La maladie était caractérisée cliniquement par un retard de croissanc e, des boiteries, un plumage clairsemé, une dépigmentation des pattes et, de temps à autre, une rétraction de la tête et du cou. En général, un élargissement du proventricule, une atrophie du pancréas et des anomalies osseuses ont été notés. Parmi les changements histopathologiques, on peut citer l'hépatite, la néphrite, la myocardite et la péricardite, l'entérite catarrhale, la névrose du pancréas, l'encéphalomalacie et des altérations de type rachitique. Tous ces symptômes sont décrits en détail. Un réovirus a été isolé à partir des oiseaux malades, puis réisolé sur des poulets infectés expérimentalement. L'infection a été confirmée par les tests d'immunoélectrophorèse et de précipitation sur gel d'agar-agar.