bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bursaphelenchus gillanii sp. n. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) – a new species of the xylophilus group in packaging wood imported from China
Authors: Schönfeld Ute , Braasch Helen , Riedel Marko , Gu Jianfeng
Published: February 2014

A new Bursaphelenchus species of the xylophilus group was detected in coniferous packaging wood imported with goods from China in 2011. The new species is described herein and compared with other species of the xylophilus group. Bursaphelenchus gillanii sp. n. has a slim body (a = 31 (28-34) and 33 (29-36) in females and males, respectively), c′ = 3.8 (3.2-4.5) and 2.1 (1.7-2.5) in females and males, respectively, a large vulval flap, a 5-7 μm long digitate mucro as a continuation of the female tail, excretory pore at or closely posterior to the median bulb, strongly arcuate spicules, 34 (31-37) μm long as measured along the median line, with prominent pointed rostrum and small cucullus. The ITS-RFLP pattern of the new species obtained by digestion of the PCR product with RsaI, HaeIII, MspI, HinfI and AluI is different from other known Bursaphelenchus species. Results of sequencing the ITS1/2 region demonstrate the close relationship of the new species to B. mucronatus and B. xylophilus.
Suppressive effects of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus on pine wilt disease development and mortality of B. xylophilus-inoculated pine seedlings
Authors: Liao Si-Mi , Kasuga Satomi , Togashi Katsumi
Published: February 2014

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus causes pine wilt disease in Pinus trees whereas B. mucronatus has no or little virulence to the trees. Interspecific crossing experiments conducted so far suggest reproductive interference between the two nematode species. Theory predicts that one of the two competing species populations quickly displaces the other through reproductive interference in a frequency-dependent manner. Thus, it is anticipated that B. mucronatus suppresses the virulence of B. xylophilus against pine trees when B. mucronatus heavily outnumber B. xylophilus. To determine the suppressive effects of B. mucronatus, the two nematode species were inoculated simultaneously on 30 3-year-old Pinus thunbergii seedlings at three combinations of different numbers, and B. xylophilus alone was inoculated on 30 other seedlings at the corresponding numbers in early August. Seedlings were observed at intervals of 4 or 6 weeks and two stem sections were sampled from each seedling to determine the density and species composition of nematode populations after death or in December. Inoculation of B. mucronatus significantly retarded the speed of foliage discolouration from 0.170 ± 0.024 week−1 to 0.061 ± 0.017 week−1 and significantly prolonged the survival time of seedlings. Bursaphelenchus mucronatus significantly reduced the nematode density from 1799.7 ± 305.0 to 521.0 ± 148.4 (g dried seedling stem)−1. Analysis of rDNA genotype showed 1846 B xylophilus, no B. mucronatus and one hybrid.
Embedded Marketization as Transnational Path Departure. Assessing Recent Change in Home Care Systems Comparatively
Authors: Bode Ingo , Bode Ingo , Champetier Brice , Bode Ingo , Champetier Brice , Chartrand Sébastien
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Drawing on a distinctive model for qualitative comparison, this article assesses four different home care systems with an eye on the nature of change affecting these systems over the last three decades. Developments of national configurations are labeled in the light of situations found in other countries. It is argued that there is embedded convergence: Internationally, the multi-dimensional reorganization of home care systems takes shape with an encompassing ‘marketisation of care’ while, at national level, the factual adoption of characteristics typical of foreign home care systems proceeds within pre-existing traditions that are not completely ruled out by this process of mutual adjustment.
Contradictions of Global Neoliberalism
Authors: DuRand Cliff
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Neoliberalism is the default position of capitalism in the absence of countervailing pressure on capital from popular forces pressing for greater social justice. The contradictions of unbridled neoliberalism are the contradictions of unrestrained capitalism. It is a system that tends toward self-destruction. To survive, it needs the restraining hand of the state, frequently brought into play by demands of the popular classes. With the globalization of capital in its corporate form, it is escaping the regulatory reach of nation-states.

With the assistance of globalized states, transnational capital is building its own governance structure through the World Trade Organization and multilateral trade agreements like the TransPacific Partnership. What is emerging is an unbridled neoliberal regime in which states are only the administrative agents that protect capital against the popular classes. Being constructed secretly, bit by bit, is a global regime in which corporations are the citizens and globalized states are the local administrative units that enforce corporate dictates and maintain order. This is a world without popular sovereignty and without democracy. It is a world ruled by an insulated technocratic elite serving the interests of global capital. Without countervailing force from the popular classes, will it be able to arrest its self-destructive tendencies?
“Your Mall with it All:” Luxury Development in a Globalizing African City
Authors: Hobden Deborah
Published: February 2014

Abstract

In this article I examine the impact of luxury development on an African city through a case study of the Accra Mall, in Accra, Ghana. Completed in 2008, the mall is the first self-contained shopping and leisure destination in the country and has been celebrated for propelling Ghana into the modern era. Situating the Accra Mall within the globalization of Accra, I contrast the private consumption-oriented development of twenty-first century Accra with the public architecture of the 1950s and 1960s, arguing that contemporary development in Accra responds to the demands of elite urban consumers while marginalizing the needs of the majority of urban residents. I then explore how elite development is contributing to shifting notions of urban citizenship, whereby citizenship is being defined in increasingly neoliberal and consumerist terms.
Paul Klee: Trees and the Art of Life
Authors: Baracchi Claudia
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The artist understands his work as intimately connected with the life and symbolism of plants. Art, thus, demands an attunement to life’s elemental operations, the thrust “into dimensions far removed from the conscious process.” The first part of the present essay aims at recovering what is implied in the imagery of trees, delving into ancient archives of dormant collective memories and immemorial imaginal stratifications. The second and third parts, deploying the re-energized figure of the tree, explore the theme of the relation between art and life, indeed, what Klee calls the “art of life.” By reference to Klee’s 1924 Jena lecture and the artist’s diaries, the discussion addresses the intersecting themes of artistic formation, mindful self-formation, the vital importance of worldly roots, and the transcendent fragrance of flowers and fruits.
Klee’s Gardens
Authors: Schmidt Dennis J.
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The image and the idea of the garden play a prominent role in both Klee’s paintings and in his theoretical work. The purpose of this paper is to ask about the significance of gardens for Klee. In the end, I argue that the garden provides an image of growth and of place that opens possibilities for understanding the human place in the world.
Tragic Representation: Paul Klee on Tragedy and Art
Authors: López María del Rosario Acosta
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This paper traces and examines the different connotations given to the notion of “tragedy” in Paul Klee’s thought. From his early reflections on, Klee relates this notion to an intermediate and conflictive condition that characterizes human existence—an existence that takes place between heaven and earth, between the ethereal and the earthly. This essay focuses on how the connotations Klee gives to tragedy in different moments of his reflections transform the way he conceives the work of art. Hence, I will attempt to show how Klee’s reflections relate the tragedy of human existence not only to the figure of the artist, understood as a tragic figure, but also to an idea of tragedy that the work produces and represents in its own particular way of coming into being. Thus, this paper poses a new approach to Klee’s suggestive proposal on modern art as well as to the meaning given to pictorial representation throughout his thought and artworks.
Driven from New Orleans: How Nonprofits Betray Public Housing and Promote Privatization, John Arena, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2012
Authors: Saberi Parastou
Published: February 2014

Abstract

InDriven from New Orleans, John Arena focuses on the contradictory role of nonprofits in facilitating the consensual removal of poor, black residents from inner-city spaces as the result of the privatisation and demolition of public housing. His account is constructive for delving into the on-the-ground struggles around public housing and the complexities of urban politics, and, more importantly, for situating the housing question at the heart of working-class struggles. His emphasis on how the gradual construction of consent was imperative in paving the way for the sudden application of coercive force in the aftermath of Katrina is also a welcome correction to arguments that tend to see the post-Katrina policies as the cause célèbre of the striking and rapid reconfiguration of New Orleans. Arena, however, falls short of providing a historicised analysis of urban politics and the politics of nonprofits.
The Ritual of Palliya of Kizzuwatna (CTH 475)
Authors: Beckman Gary
Published: February 2014

Abstract

An edition of the earliest ritual from Kizzuwatna to be imported into Hittite Anatolia. As such, it is the forerunner of the wave of Hurrian influence that would reshape the Hittite state cult during the empire period (14th–13th c. B.C.E.). Although the southern ruler to whom it is attributed undoubtedly carried out his worship in Hurrian, the present version is written in Hittite, but the text includes numerous Hurrian technical terms. It remains unclear why a rite centering on the Storm-god Teššup of the Kizzuwatnaean capital was still relevant in Hattusa two centuries after its composition.
Christ in context
Authors: Vorster Nico
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This article discusses the inevitable contextual nature of Christology, highlights contextual and transcontextual issues in the study of Christology and then introduces the various contributions to this volume. Contextual issues that are highlighted is the need to develop a Christology that restores a transcendent frame of reference in a materialist world entrapped within an immanent frame of reference, the importance to rethink the relationship of Christ to the cosmos in light of developments within the natural sciences, the universal relevance of Christ and the theme of inculturation. Transcontextual issues that need to be addressed are the Jewish-Christian dialogue on Jesus as the fulfillment of the promise to Israel, the relationship between historical research on Jesus and theological-philosophical reflection on the nature of Christ, the relationship between high and low Christology, Jesus’s universal significance, the meaning of Christ’s atonement, the parousia of Christ and the limits of religious language about Christ.
The Christology of Simon Maimela—A Contextual, Systematic Theologian
Authors: Fick Paul Hendrik
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Simon Maimela was one of the first contextual theologians appearing on the scene in the 1970s in South Africa. He obtained a ThD at Harvard University in 1978 and was appointed inter alia as lecturer in the Department of Systematic Theology at Unisa. Like other contextual theologians his writings give evidence of a search for an ongoing dialogue between ‘text’ and ‘context.’ They have a strong Christological character, which corresponds with his conviction that liberation theology should be a keen exponent of a doctrine of atonement. This article is an attempt to investigate and describe the way in which his Christology stands in relation to a number of systematic theological loci. This is done within a broader context of the nature of African and South African Christology. The impact of his theological reflection in South Africa is finally assessed in the light of his view on the Bible.
A Dialog between Patristic Christology and the Yin-Yang Perspective on the Relationship of Christ’s Nature with his Person
Authors: Cha Jaeseung
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Although Christian theologians find the yin-yang perspective in Taoism relevant to Christology, the yin-yang’s movement of “harmony with conflict as complementary beings for each other” is not accord with complexities of the diverse realities of Christ’s two natures. Nonetheless, the yin-yang perspective based on its cosmo-anthropology sheds new light on the controversies over the relationship between Christ’s nature and his person. While patristic Christology was conceptualized by the Greek dualism in understanding the relationship between Christ’s nature and his person, the yin-yang perspective connects the ultimate root of all things (根本) to humans. With both continuity and distinctiveness between nature and person understood, we may find a clue that Christ’s divinity, without losing its distinctive nature from humanity, has continuity with Christ’s sacrificial death and that his humanity participates in Christ’s person as he shares and bears all things on the cross.
‘Scamming’: Wanton Criminality or Resistance? Making the Case for Public Theology in the Light of the Legacy of Sam Sharpe
Authors: Roper Garnett
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This article reflects upon the existing situation facing the Jamaican underclass in the light of the paradigm and legacy of Sam Sharpe, Christian martyr and Jamaican national hero who led the Baptist war that contributed immensely to ending slavery in the British Empire. The article suggests, using the rise of Lotto Scam as an example—which, as is explained below, is a form of advance fee fraud perpetrated against mostly senior citizens in the US—that the legacy of Sam Sharpe has not been pursued without deviation. The article contends that both the Jamaican society and its faith community have retreated from the pursuit of justice and equality. The moral degeneration of the community, of which the Lotto Scam is a signal and an example, is a product of the neglect of duty by the heirs and successors of Sam Sharpe. In addition, the article suggests that the Lotto Scam is the result of the following: first, the retreat of the faith community from activism and conscientization of the masses of the people in terms of moral formation; secondly, the failure to complete the liberation in economic terms, in particular, ignoring the matters arising, including reparations and enfranchisement through land distribution; and, thirdly, the impact of cultural penetration and the rise of consumerism (coca-colonization) as a new form of oppression and control of the masses.
The Role of the Maroons in the 1865 Morant Bay Freedom War
Authors: Dick Devon
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This article considers the role of the Maroons in Jamaican history. Mindful that, today, Jamaica still experiences tension between the descendants of the Maroons and of Paul Bogle, this article examines the historical roots of this tension and suggests that there is scope for healing across both parties. Regardless of the present-day implications of these historical debates, however, the article is essentially an historical investigation that seeks to uncover what actually happened and what were the dominant motivations of the key players.
Public Theology and ‘The Fragment’: Duncan Forrester, David Tracy, and Walter Benjamin
Authors: Myatt William
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Public theologians as diverse as Duncan Forrester and David Tracy have pointed to ‘the fragment’ as a useful and timely form of theological reflection. This article considers the possibility of the fragmentary form for public theology by complementing the suggestions of Forrester and Tracy with Walter Benjamin’s critical philosophy of history. Benjamin’s use of the fragment as a genre of expression reflects a desire to retrieve history without perpetuating history’s oppressive tendencies. Public theologians suspicious of these tendencies would do well not only to emulate Benjamin’s fragmentary style but to understand and embrace the philosophical reflections driving it. After summarizing the turn to the fragment in Forrester and Tracy, this article continues with a consideration of Benjamin, highlighting the possibilities for liberation and critique in a public theology dependent on his philosophy.
Catalogue of Coins of the Kings of the Spartocid Dynasty in the 2nd Century BC (Hygiaenon, Spartocus and the Paerisades)
Authors: Frolova Nina A.
Published: February 2014

Abstract

In this article questions are examined relating to the minting of coins by the kings of the Bosporan dynasty of the Spartocids in the 2ndcentury BC: Hygiaenon, Spartocus and the Paerisades. Most of the scholars studying the coins issued by thearchonHygiaenon confined his emissions to the middle of the 2ndcentury BC (Shkorpil, Oreshnikov, Zograf, Shelov, Karÿshkovskiï). Stolyarik proposed a new dating for the issues of Hygiaenon coins, namely the first quarter of the 2ndcentury BC but, starting out from the data obtained through comparative analysis of the typology of the Hygiaenon stater with two monograms on its reverse and in the light of the results obtained from the investigation of posthumous Lysimachus staters minted in Byzantium by H. Seyrig and C. Marinescu, the emissions of Hygiaenon coins can be dated to the end of the first half or middle of the 2ndcentury BC (c. 160-150 BC). The issue of coins by King Spartocus is only known thanks to a single didrachma bearing the name Spartocus and published in 1821 by Kohler, whose article was translated into Russian by G. Spasskiï in 1850. Kohne (1857), Prince Sibirsky (1859), Burachkov (1884) and others dated the Spartocus didrachma to the end of the 3rdcentury BC, although as early as 1877 A. von Sallet drew attention to the fact that in the legend on that didrachma (now held in the collection of the SHM) the letterepsilonwas of lunar shape – Є. In view of this von Sallet dated the Spartocus coin to the 2ndcentury BC. Later, after accepting von Sallet’s comments, Podshivalov started assigning the Spartocus didrachma a date ofc. 170 BC (1884, 1887, 1888). The second didrachma bearing the name of King Spartocus (held by the American Numismatic Society), published by K. Golenko in 1982 and then re-published by Anokhin (1986, No. 152) and Stolyarik, bears a legend incorporating anepsilonof rectangular shape (E). When we know about the different shape of the letterepsilonin the legends of the two didrachmas, it has to be acknowledged that they could not have been issued at one and the same time. This then raises the question as to the authenticity of the second didrachma bearing the name Spartocus. Staters bearing the name of King Paerisades come from different periods starting with the first decade of the 2ndcentury up until 111/110 BC. The end of their issue is established by the death of Paerisades V. The staters vary on account of different letters and monograms found on the reverses. Conclusive study of these coins has so far remained a desideratum. A different chronological classification of staters bearing the name of King Paerisades is proposed, based on analysis of the typology of the monograms on the posthumous Lysimachus staters minted in Byzantium and Chalcedon carried out by H. Seyrig and C. Marinescu.
From the Medieval ḫarğāt to Contemporary Songs: Patterns of Codeswitching Involving Arabic1
Authors: Davies Eirlys E. , Bentahila Abdelali
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This paper seeks to use evidence from contemporary language use to shed light on that of an earlier period. It examines a set of ḫarğāt, the closing sections of medieval Andalusian muwaššaḥ poems, which exhibit codeswitching between colloquial Andalusian Arabic and Romance, and compares the patterns of switching seen there with those used in some contemporary popular songs, in particular the Arabic-French switching used in the rai lyrics of North Africa. On the basis of the parallels and contrasts observed, some remarks are made about what the language of these ḫarğāt suggests about their origins and authors.
In the Critic vs. Caretaker Dichotomy A Magic Dwells: Parroting McCutcheon, Policing “Religion” (A Rejoinder to Merinda Simmons)
Authors: Omer Atalia
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This essay rejoins Merinda Simmons’s protection of Russell McCutcheon’s critic vs. caretaker dichotomy in her response to my “Can a Critic be a Caretaker Too? Religion, Conflict and Conflict Transformation” (JAAR 2011). While Simmons aims to preserve McCutcheon’s binary as a purportedly benignly unavoidable opposition, I expose the perils of epistemic anti-realism at the heart of that dichotomy, as well as the fetishizing of discourse analysis and ignorance of real world cases which hold this would-be field defining dogma in place.
The “Better” Proverb in Rabbinic Literature
Authors: Pasternak Ariel Ram , Yona Shamir
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The “Better Proverb” is a rhetorical form found in ancient Near Eastern literatures, including the Bible, and in Rabbinic literature. In this paper we discuss the use of this form in Rabbinic literature, focusing on the developments and changes that occurred in the later literature. We will show that the rabbis were familiar with biblical rhetorical features, used them, and changed them if needed to meet their own rhetorical purposes and goals.
Valentinian I, christianissimus imperator? Notes on a passage of the Passio Pollionis (BHL 6869)
Authors: Tamas Hajnalka
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The present article aims to draw attention to a neglected source attesting the epithet christianissimus imperator as a late antique imperial title. The source in question, the Passio Pollionis (BHL 6869), is one of the earliest testimonies, alongside Ambrose’s and Jerome’s works. It is also peculiar in that, as a hagiographic work, it addresses the emperor Valentinian I with this title. A brief comparison with the use of christianissimus in Ambrose, as well as the analysis of its literary—propagandistic function in the Passio Pollionis is meant to shed light on the documentary potential of the Passio.
Revocation and Modification of Provisional Measures Orders in the International Court of Justice: The Court’s Order Regarding Certain Activities Carried out by Nicaragua in the Border Area and the Case Concerning Construction of a Road in Costa Rica along the San Juan River Joint Proceedings
Authors: Lamus Andrés Sarmiento
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This article seeks to analyse the revocation and modification of provisional measures, as indicated by the International Court of Justice, in light of the Court’s recent order in the joint proceedings of Certain Activities carried out by Nicaragua in the Border Area and the case concerning Construction of a Road in Costa Rica along the San Juan River. The request presented before the Court, by both parties, constitutes the first instance in which a request of this type has ever been submitted. Consequently, the order rendered by the Court, with regard to the procedural and substantive aspects concerning the indication of provisional measures, contains some points that are open to further analysis.
The Peculiar Nature of EU Home Affairs Agencies in Migration Control: Beyond Accountability versus Autonomy?
Authors: Carrera Sergio , den Hertog Leonhard , Parkin Joanna
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This article analyses the development paths and practices of three EU Home Affairs agencies: Frontex, Europol and the European Asylum Support Office (EASO). Particular attention is given to those tasks and forms of inter-agency cooperation raising fundamental rights sensitivities in the scope of migration controls. The article argues that the specific Home Affairs focus of these agencies and their ways of working, including the use of ‘experimental governance’ strategies, poses particular challenges to individuals on the move, specifically in relation to their right to an effective remedy. These findings are linked to the academic debate on the balance between accountability and autonomy of EU Agencies. Due to their peculiar nature, evidenced by several cross-cutting commonalities potentially impacting on basic rights of individuals, we argue that this balance metaphor is not appropriate for these Agencies; instead higher standards of accountability should apply with closer on-going control over their activities.
Frontex: Towards a Common Policy on External Border Control
Authors: Mungianu Roberta
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Operational cooperation at the external borders of the EU is part of the EU process of supranationalisation since 2006, when the Justice and Home Affairs Council Conclusions identified operational cooperation as a component of a common policy on external border control. Operational cooperation is supported by the European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union (Frontex). In this article I will focus on the extent to which the establishment of Frontex marks the shift of sovereignty from Member States to EU institutions in EU external border control. The analysis of two aspects of operational cooperation through Frontex – joint operations and European Border Guard Teams – shows the EU’s achievement in implementing a common policy on external border control. Nevertheless, EU Member States’ ‘sovereignty clauses’ for the surveillance and control of their external borders prevent the EU from fully exercising its power.
Incorporation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in Law: A Comparative Review
Authors: Lundy Laura , Kilkelly Ursula , Byrne Bronagh
Published: February 2014

Incorporation in law is recognised as key to the implementation of the UNCRC. This article considers the ways in which a variety of countries have chosen to incorporate the CRC, drawing on a study conducted by the authors for UNICEF-UK. It categorises the different approaches adopted into examples of direct incorporation (where the CRC forms part of domestic law) and indirect incorporation (where there are legal obligations which encourage its incorporation); and full incorporation (where the CRC has been wholly incorporated in law) and partial incorporation (where elements of the CRC have been incorporated). Drawing on evidence and interviews conducted during field visits in six of the countries studied, it concludes that children’s rights are better protected – at least in law if not also in practice – in countries that have given legal status to the CRC in a systematic way and have followed this up by establishing the necessary systems to support, monitor and enforce the implementation of CRC rights.
Itinerant Feasting: Eastern Christian Women Negotiating (Physical) Presence in the Celebration of Easter
Authors: Nasrallah Rima , Brinkman Martien E. , Murre-Van den Berg Heleen , Barnard Marcel
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This article looks at the particular way in which Lebanese women, who originally come from Antiochian Orthodox and Maronite Churches and by marriage join the Protestant Church, construct and experience their Easter celebration. Starting with the bodily experience of the feast, it analyses how each liturgical context orients and temporally locates the women. It explains how the engagement of the body relates to the material experience of presence. Constantly moving between the different celebrations the women considered create a personal symbolic network where their perception of Christ’s presence and absence is challenged. The article suggests that in this weaving of the feasting experiences the women perform their liturgical and sacramental theology; a theology of negotiation mirrored in the resurrection narrative of Mary at the tomb.
Local Dialogue as a Means to Ecumenical Reception? The International and Dutch Pentecostal-Catholic Dialogues in Close-up
Authors: Creemers Jelle
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The International Roman Catholic-Classical Pentecostal Dialogue, established in 1972, encourages the initiation of local Pentecostal-Catholic dialogues. Such dialogues are deemed important to get feedback from the grassroots and to promote reception of the irccpd’s ecumenical achievements. The Catholic-Pentecostal dialogue in the Netherlands (1999-2009) is arguably to date the prime example of such a local spin-off and its history evidences strong ties with the international dialogue. The desired feedback to the international level was virtually absent, but the usefulness of the irccpd’s Final Reports for the local context was acknowledged and the Dutch dialogue was considered locally fruitful. The local context is however constantly changing and in order to deal with the issues deemed most important by both dialogue partners, a reconfiguration of the Dutch dialogue involving a third partner has been prepared since 2009. As the dialogue is no ‘official’ spin-off of the irccpd, chances are high that the ties with the international dialogue will soon be severed.
Christian Missiology as a Field of Christian-Muslim Dialogue
Authors: Haede Wolfgang
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The Muslim theologian Süleyman Turan has written an expressly objective portrayal about Christian missiology as a discipline from an Islamic perspective. He wrote his book in open exchange of ideas with Christian missiologists. That makes the book a successful example of a constructive Christian-Muslim dialogue.

As the discussion about Christian mission in Turkey was very biased in the past, Turan’s dissertation could help to introduce perspectives into this discussion that were neglected until now. Turan confirms that mission is one of the natural characteristics of Christianity. He also demonstrates that missiology is critically evaluating errors of Christian mission in the past.

Some self-criticism towards the Muslim side would have given the book even more credibility. Nevertheless, I hope that it can contribute to a more objective and realistic discussion about Christian mission in a Muslim context.
The Temple of Maṇḍaleśvarasvāmin The Muṇḍeśvarī Inscription of the Time of Udayasena Reconsidered
Authors: Bakker Hans
Published: February 2014

This article presents a new edition, translation and interpretation of the inscription of Udayasena found on the Muṇḍeśvarī Hill. It is argued that the Maṇḍaleśvarasvāmin mentioned in it refers to the main deity of the Muṇḍeśvarī Temple. The Māhātmya of this manifestation of Śiva is found in the original Skandapurāṇa. It concerns the myth of the nymph Tilottamā who, by circumambulating the god at this site, calls forth his caturmukhaliṅga form, known as Maṇḍaleśvara.
Two Pre-Chandella Inscriptions from Kālañjara
Authors: Bisschop Peter C.
Published: February 2014

The hill-fort of Kālañjara (Kalinjar), has been an important centre of Śaivism for many centuries. Its presence in the list of Śiva’s abodes (āyatana) in Skandapurāṇa 167 and in other early sources indicates Kālañjara’s importance in early Śaivism. The major royal inscriptions from the Chandella period have been edited, but many other inscriptions from the hill remain unpublished. Following a survey of references to Kālañjara in early literary sources, this paper presents two pre-Chandella inscriptions from Kālañjara: 1) an inscription already reported by Cunningham, but never transcribed beyond the opening verse, and 2) a newly discovered inscription.
Divination and Scientific Prediction
Authors: Fidora Alexander
Published: February 2014

Starting with a survey of the terminology that was used to describe the epistemological status of the mantic arts during the Middle Ages, this article focuses on the connections between the theoretical assumptions of these arts and of other prognostic disciplines of the time. While during the thirteenth century, mantic disciplines, medicine and meteorology were classified altogether as conjectural sciences that were all based on the interpretation of signs, during the fourteenth century, a more differentiated model of scientific prediction developed in medical theory as well as in meteorology. This model took into account the conditional probability of the expected events, which allowed the option to falsify or at least to revise and adapt a prognosis. Against the backdrop of the epistemological models of prognosis, it becomes obvious that when the mantic disciplines were ultimately excluded from the Western canon of the sciences, it was due not alone to moral and theological concerns.
Writing Cases and Casuistic Reasoning in Karl Philipp Moritz’ Journal of Empirical Psychology
Authors: Wübben Yvonne
Published: February 2014

This paper examines medical writing in Karl Philipp Moritz’ Journal of Empirical Psychology by looking at the alterations Moritz made to his sources. It shows how he rearranged the data in order to introduce a new type of text into psychology: the case or case study. He did so by altering the main parts of a report that had been published a few years earlier. In rewriting the report, Moritz introduced not only a new type of text but also a style of reasoning; i.e. the casuistic form of thinking that became more widely acknowledged only later in the course of experiential psychology (Erfahrungsseelenkunde). The paper thus links writing techniques in psychology to the rise of a type of text and a new style of reasoning.
Blessing on the Move: The Outpouring of God’s Blessing through the Migrant Abraham
Authors: Gallagher Sarita D.
Published: February 2014

Abstract

In this article, I explore the relationship between the mission of God and Abraham’s life as a foreign migrant. In the narrative of Genesis, Abraham enters as a nomadic foreigner called by God as a representative of the nations for the nations. The biblical text is remarkably silent on Abraham’s prior history listing no personal achievements, no remarkable character traits, and no religious background. Yet it is through this unknown migrant that God chose to proclaim his greatest blessing declaring that, “in [Abraham] all the nations of the earth will be blessed” (Gen 12:3). The missiological exploration of the person of Abraham usually ends with this divine proclamation, however this is simply the beginning of the outworking of God’s missional promise during Abraham’s lifetime. It is in analyzing Abraham’s cross-cultural encounters as a migrant that the full importance of the fulfillment of Genesis 12:3 emerges in addition to God’s strategic implementation of mission from the periphery.
Reflections on the Possibility of an Islamic Psychology
Authors: Sahin Adem
Published: February 2014

Many studies have been done in non-Western academia that raise the issue of indigenousness, holding that it should be taken into consideration as an important element in explaining human behaviour. It is within this context that one can regard the studies and discussions on the notion of Islamic psychology. An investigation into the literature on Islamic psychology shows that although a good number of studies on the subject have been done, sufficient attention has not been paid to its epistemological foundations, e.g., its nature, origin, and scope. With regard to Islamic psychology, this study is intended to analyse the relationship between science and religion, the borders of religion and science, and the possibility of Islamic psychology as a nascent social discipline.
The End that Turned into a New Beginning: The Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 1907-1913. On the (Pre)history of the International Association for the Psychology of Religion
Authors: Belzen Jacob A.
Published: February 2014

In 2014, the International Association for the Psychology of Religion (IAPR) will have its centennial, and so will its scientific journal, the present Archive for the Psychology of Religion [ Archiv für Religionspsychologie, ARp]. This first article on IAPR's (pre)history analyses the fate of the forerunner of ARp, which was published from 1907-1913. When psychology in general began to develop as an empirical, research-based “scientific discipline” since the midst of the 19th century, the psychology of religion became a prominent application of that “new” science of psychology, involving many of the founding fathers of present day psychology. Shortly after evoking these beginnings, the focus of the present article turns to the development of early scientific infrastructure for the psychology of religion. While the psychology of religion was initiated by European scholars such as Fechner (1801-1887) and Wundt (1832-1920), it was the organizer of American psychology in general who started the first journal in this field, G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924). Through his European admirer Gustav Vorbrodt (1860-1929), Hall's journal may have been an inspiration to the founding of the first European journal for the psychology of religion, the German-speaking Zeitschrift für Religionspsychologie. Most likely the psychiatrist Johannes Bresler (1866-1942) took the initiative to start this journal and had invited pastor Gustav Vorbrodt (1860-1929), who had already repeatedly and vigorously called for psychological study of religion, to join him as editor. Consequently, the subtitle of the journal was ‘Grenzfragen der Theologie und der Medizin [ Boundary Questions in Theology and Medicine].’ The present paper discusses both Vorbrodt's and Bresler's work in the realm of the psychology of religion, as it does the contributions of two further editors; the philosopher-historian of religion Georg Runze (1852-1938), an honorary professor at Berlin University, and Otto Klemm (1884-1939), a collaborator of Wilhelm Wundt and later the director of the latter's psychological laboratory in Leipzig and the first to hold a professorship for applied psychology. Several reasons are discussed to answer the question why the Zeitschrift für Religionspsychologie ceased publishing. Based on empirical-archival research, special attention is given to scholarly disagreements (and rivalry) behind the transition of the Zeitschrift für Religionspsychologie to the new Archiv für Religionspsychologie.
A ‘Very Jewish’ Jesus: Perpetuating the Myth of Superiority
Authors: Crossley James G.
Published: February 2014

This article looks at arguably the most dominant rhetorical move in contemporary historical Jesus scholarship, namely the ‘Jewishness’ of Jesus or a ‘very Jewish’ Jesus, and how this superficially but credibly positive rhetoric subtly maintains the older myth of superiority over against Judaism. This scholarly trend is located in contemporary ideological discourses concerning Israel and Judaism and liberal multiculturalism and is shown to be deeply embedded in scholarly historical practice. Some consideration is also given to the ideological locations of the ‘Judean’ and ‘Jesus the Israelite’ debate.
Jesus in Discourses of Dichotomies: Alternative Paradigms for the Historical Jesus
Authors: Moxnes Halvor
Published: February 2014

This article is an attempt at a meta-perspective on studies of the historical Jesus, by raising the question: what types of discourses are used in discussions of the historical Jesus? Drawing on an understanding of discourses as structured by dichotomies (N. Luhmann), I apply three different types of discourses and apply them to different Jesus studies: the dichotomy between equality and inequality/difference, the dichotomy of normality and deviancy, and the dichotomy between ‘we’ and ‘others’. The various approaches therefore reflect different modern concerns, and, explicit or implicit, also different politics of interpretation. The discourse based on the dichotomy between ‘we’ and ‘others’ is the discourse of identity, increasingly understood as ethnicity. In historical Jesus studies the category ethnicity is used to define the Jewishness of Jesus, and the consequences of this category are problematized.
‘Your sons and daughters will prophesy’: A Pentecostal Review of Walter Brueggemann’s The Practice of Prophetic Imagination
Authors: Martin Lee Roy
Published: February 2014

This review offers an appreciative assessment of Walter Brueggemann’s The Practice of Prophetic Imagination: Preaching an Emancipatory Word. Following an overview of the book, a Pentecostal response to several of Brueggemann’s key claims is presented. Topics in the response include competing worldviews, the situating of God at the center, the marginalizing effect of challenging the dominant view, the affective dimension of prophetic expression, the focus upon the biblical text, the necessity of lament, and the two-fold message of judgment and hope. The review concludes with suggested areas for further dialogue on the vital and timely topic of prophetic preaching.
A Grateful Response Among Pentecostals
Authors: Brueggemann Walter
Published: February 2014

Walter Brueggemann offers an engaging response to four reviews of his The Practice of Prophetic Imagination: Preaching an Emancipatory Word.1 Brueggemann observes that the major note that is struck in the four reviews is the extent to which his book on the practice of prophetic imagination can be effectively and gainfully situated in a stance of Pentecostal interpretation. He values the ecumenical gains of our reaching across conventional traditions of interpretation to find common ground.
Re-entangling the Thermometer: Cornelis Drebbel’s Description of his Self-regulating Oven, the Regiment of Fire, and the Early History of Temperature
Authors: Keller Vera
Published: February 2014

A new, illustrated source, “Drebbel’s Description of his Circulating Oven,” sheds light on the thermostatic oven of Cornelis Drebbel (1572-1633), a Dutch alchemist, engineer, and philosopher active in Holland, Zeeland, London and Prague. The “Description” survives in two German copies. It describes two new inventions, a “Judicium” (which we might call a thermometer) and a “Regimen” (which we might call a feedback control mechanism). It thus engages longstanding debates concerning the invention of the thermometer. More fundamentally, it engages the relationship of artisanality and philosophy. The “Description” highlights the entangled origins of both instruments, which emerged through combined concerns of alchemy, engineering, philosophy, and natural magic. In the early seventeenth century, the term “thermometer” indicated an object with a more expansive role than it later would. The later emergence of a distinct scientific instrument industry, separating previously entangled roles, has colored subsequent views of such instruments and their makers.
A New Reading of Anointing with Oil in James 5:14: Finding First-Century Common Ground in Moses’ Glorious Face
Authors: Wenkel David H.
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The fact that James does not explain the meaning of anointing with oil ( James 5:14) likely indicates that he presupposes that his first-century audience will rely upon shared knowledge. But what is this common ground? The logic of our answer rests on several interlocking propositions regarding James 5:14. First, we will demonstrate that James envisioned an anointing of the head or face. Second, we will demonstrate that an anointing of olive oil creates a shining face and that this was a recognized phenomenon. Third, a shiny face would have evoked images of Moses from scripture and history. By creating a physical echo of Moses on the face of the sick, James just might be encouraging the followers of Jesus to seek an intimate encounter with God through prayer that parallels Moses’ encounter with Yahweh. In sum, we will argue the plausibility of the thesis that oil was used to anoint the face so that it physically shined and symbolically represented an encounter with God.
Menorahs in Color: Polychromy in Jewish Visual Culture of Roman Antiquity
Authors: Fine Steven
Published: February 2014

Abstract

In recent years, polychromy has developed as a significant area of research in the study of classical art. This essay explores the significance of this work for interpreting Jewish visual culture during Roman antiquity, through the focal lens of the Arch of Titus Digital Restoration Project. In July 2012, this project discovered that the Arch of Titus menorah was originally colored with yellow ochre paint. The article begins by presenting the general field of polychromy research, which has developed in recent years and resulted in significant museum exhibitions in Europe and the US. It then turns to resistance to polychromy studies among art historians, often called “chromophobia,” and to uniquely Jewish early twentieth-century variants that claimed that Jews were especially prone to colorblindness. After surveying earlier research on polychromy in Jewish contexts, we turn to polychromy in ancient Palestinian synagogue literature and art. Finally, the article explores the significance of polychromy for the study of the Arch of Titus menorah panel, and more broadly considers the importance of polychromy studies for contextualizing Jewish attitudes toward Roman religious art (avodah zarah).
The Italian Memorial At Auschwitz: An Approach Through Conservation Theory
Authors: Scarrocchia Sandro
Published: February 2014

Abstract

According to Bruno Zevi, the Italian Memorial housed at Block 21 of the Auschwitz concentration camp is among the most significant works of contemporary architecture. Recently, it has become the focus of a political and cultural conflict that is itself worthy of study. The memorial was designed as a post-war symbol of the anti-Fascist movement. It is thus heavily influenced by the politics of the Resistance, which characterized the First Republic and influenced the Italian Constitution. However, this sort of politics is incompatible with the post-Berlin-Wall narrative that the Museum of Auschwitz on the international level, along with various Italian governments on the national level, have decided to promote in the twenty-first century. Yet the Italian Memorial is an integral part of the World Heritage UNESCO site at Auschwitz, and its removal or transfer elsewhere, besides constituting a loss for Italian cultural identity, would also vitiate and downgrade the history of Auschwitz. This study looks at the memorial in terms of the discipline of conservation, applying principles elaborated by the Vienna School (Alois Riegl and Max Dvořák) to show how new exhibitions for the pavilions threaten to transform Auschwitz from a monument and historical document into a museum-style fairground, and to reveal the political motivation behind claims of the Memorial’s contemporary irrelevance.
Leopold Zunz Seen from the End of Emancipation: Max Wiener on the Beginnings of the Science of Judaism
Authors: Stünkel Knut Martin
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Though the Science of Judaism (Wissenschaft des Judentums) is undoubtedly one of the most prominent achievements of Jewish thought in the nineteenth century, it is, however, also a historical phenomenon which appears to have concluded. It is by Max Wiener’s (1882–1950) thinking that the Science of Judaism considers its own finality by means of critically looking back upon its beginnings. In this respect Wiener’s writings mark the end of the direct influence the work of Leopold Zunz has exercised on the Science of Judaism.