bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOA for Dynamically Integrated Virtual Learning Environment Systems with Cloud Based Services
Authors: Abdelhag Mohammed Eltahir , Osman Saife Eldin fattoh
Published: April 2023

SOA is structural approach for creating services to be reused and shared, so it provides agility and cost saving in software development by dividing the application into multiple software components to be reused in other systems. Cloud computing is truly scalable and provide virtualized resources which users can subscribe. Using a cloud and SOA in virtual learning systems provide a great chance for learners to enhance gained learning outcomes. The adoption of cloud services also assists in reducing the cost of software, hardware, human resources and infrastructure. This paper will use SOA and cloud computing to transfer virtual learning systems in the cloud to be more integrated and interoperable through showing a conceptual model of distributed virtual learning system and using cloud computing combined with services oriented architecture, to contribute in interoperability and integration of e-learning systems in general
3D Modeling of Five Speed Manual Transmission System for Teaching Aid Vehicles
Authors: Nyunt Swe Zin , . Theingi , Latt Aung Hein
Published: April 2023

Additive manufacturing education is becoming to widespread adoption. Additive manufacturing is also the manufacturing technology. It is used by multiple industry subsectors, including motor vehicles, aerospace, machinery, electronics, and medical products. It can facilitate the customized production of strong light-weight 3D modeling. This paper describes 3D modeling of five speed transmission is designed and constructed by using AutoCAD software, 3D Mesh software, MakerBot 3D printer and digitizer. This 3D modeling of five speed transmission is good quality through lighter part, can demonstrate easily. The teacher can take 3D modeling of transmission and teach the operations of transmission in the classroom. It can produce the gears, fork, cover and synchronizer sleeves with different color. Many beautiful colors are interested to the students. So, it can use as teaching aids for the engineering students. In this transmission, five forward speed gears are helical type whereas reverse gears are spur type. Design consideration of spur gear and helical gears and shafts are included in this paper. In gear design, the number of teeth, face width, gear tooth features and pitch diameter are calculated. The shafts are designed according to the point of view of the strength.
Dehydration of Aqueous Ethanol Mixtures By Extractive Distillation
Authors: Thein Thu Zar , Htway Wai Mar , Tun Win Ei Ei
Published: April 2023

This paper investigate the dehydration of ethanol by extractive distillation process with salt in solvent and also without salt. There are many sources to produce ethanol. It can be obtained from plants and agricultural wastes as well as olefins from cracking units of petroleum refining. Because the methods of ethanol production are the hydration method and fermentation, water molecules are present in ethanol. It has to be dehydrated to use as a fuel in automobile engines and other applications. There are many methods to separate water from ethanol to improved concentration. In this paper, the dehydration of ethanol is carried out by extractive distillation process and use ethylene glycol as a separating agent with calcium chloride as salt in order to improve the concentration of ethanol. Different ratios of ethanol-water and ethylene glycol such as (1:1:0, 1:1:0.25, 1:1:0.25 (20% of solvent)) were tested to obtain the best result of concentration percent. The maximum ethanol concentration was 92 vol% which obtained from 52 vol% ethanol in feed mixture.
The Effect of Accounting Conservatism, Capital Intensity on Tax Avoidance with Independent Commissioners as Moderating Variables
Authors: Herlina Lina , Budyastuti Triyani
Published: April 2023

This research aims to provide light on how accounting conservatism and capital intensity influence tax avoidance, and how the existence of independent commissioners acts as a moderators component in this connection. This study employs a causal quantitative methodology. This research focuses on 21 energy-related firms trading on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2021. The sample size is 105, and it was determined using a basic random sampling technique. Linear regression analysis and moderated regression analysis were employed for the data analysis (MRA). This research shows that conservative accounting practices and high levels of capital intensity help taxpayers avoid paying their fair share of taxes. Moreover, independent commissioners can mitigate the impact of accounting conservatism on tax avoidance, but cannot do so for the impact of capital intensity.
On-farm Evaluation of Potato Genotypes at High Hills of Karnali Province, Nepal
Authors: Giri Raj Kumar , Upadhyay Kalika Prasad , Bhusal Yubraj , Subedi Giri Dhari , Thapa Bihani , Poudel Bishwash , Chalise Basant
Published: April 2023

An on-farm varietal trial was carried out to evaluate promising genotypes of potatoes received from the National Potato Research Program (NPRP), Khumaltar at Urthuchautara settlement of Patrashi Rural Municipality of Jumla, Nepal at an altitude of 2430 meters above mean sea level during two consecutive years 2019 and 2020. Four promising potato genotypes: PRP 226567.2, PRP 136769.1, CIP 395077.242, CIP 393617.1 and two check cultivars i.e. Desiree and Jumli Local were tested in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Each treatment was replicated four times. Compost was used at the rate of 20 tons per hectare (t/ha) and there was no chemical fertilizer used. Well-sprouted tubers of 25-50 g were planted at 60cm x 25cm spacing. Observations were recorded on vegetative parameters as well as yield attributes. Among different parameters observed most all the vegetative as well as yield and yield attributing parameters were found significant among each other whereas emergence at 45 DAP and plant height during 2020 were found non-significant. The highest tuber yield (30.88 t/ha) was recorded in PRP 226567.2 followed by PRP 136769.1 (23.89 t/ha). Based on the average of two-year results, PRP 226567.2(30.88 t/ha) and PRP 136769.1 (23.89 t/ha) were superior for the purpose of variety recommendation for high hills of Karnali province.
Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of the Anti-Salmonella Activity of Leaf Extracts of Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F. (Cucurbitaceae) on Salmonella typhii Cell Culture
Authors: Tamanji VL , Tembe EAF , Mbong GA , Bayaga H , Njinkio BN , Fonmboh DJ , Tchadji MV , Moody JO , Gonsu HK , Fokunang CN
Published: April 2023

Typhoid fever, a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi whose treatment is by use of antibiotics. And the use of these antibiotics associated with drug resistance, high cost of medication and less accessibility to rural populations remains an issue of concern. The aim of this research was to indentify bioactive metabolites of the leaf of T. occidentalis and determine the anti-salmonella typhi activity. The antibacterial activity of the leaf extracts (aqueous maceration, decoction, infusion and ethanol maceration) of Telfairia occidentalis (Fluted pumpkin or gourd) on Salmonella typhi, was determined using the agar well diffusion technique to investigate its potential use as anti-bacterial agent. The phyto-chemical constituents, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the leaf was analyzed. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenolics and coumarin with the absence of phlobatanins and oxalates. The decoction of the leaves demonstrated the highest activity against S. typhi (15+/-2.7mm) at 1000mg/ml.  MIC for aqueous maceration, infusion, and decoction was recorded at 62.5mg/ml and that of the ethanol maceration was at 15.625mg/ml. Due to the extraordinarily high concentration of extract needed to produce anti-salmonella activity, the study's findings imply that the leaf extract has negligible activity against Salmonella.
Determination of Knowledge Based on Aflatoxin Poisoning among Broiler Farmers in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Chepkosgei Kirinyet Ruth , Njogu Warutere Peterson , Purity Nguhiu , Patroba Ojola , Joel Kirinyet , Peter Koskei
Published: April 2023

Background: There is a scarcity of information concerning knowledge of aflatoxin contamination of feeds among farmers even in aflatoxin-prone regions in Kenya. Thus, knowledge of aflatoxins in feeds among poultry farmers is of paramount importance in designing plans to minimize risks of aflatoxin exposure. Therefore, this study sought to assess the Determinants of Knowledge on Aflatoxin Among Broiler farmers in Nairobi City County, Kenya.

Methodology: The study utilized an analytical cross-sectional study design. A total of 240 farmers were sampled from a population of 600 farmers within Nairobi City County. A structured questionnaire was administered to farmers within Nairobi City County. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the data descriptively. Results were presented in tables and figures. Ethical approval was sought from relevant authorities and parties before the commencement of the study.

Results: Results from the study show that the majority of the farmers (58.2%) had knowledge of aflatoxin. There was a significant association (p<0.05) between the socio-demographic characteristics of farmers and knowledge of aflatoxin.

Conclusion: The study concludes that the farmers had adequate knowledge of aflatoxin occurrence in feeds and methods to reduce the contamination. There is a need for continuous sensitization of farmers on aflatoxin, particularly on feed management practices by the Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Health Division of Public Health in Kenya.
Acute Respiratory Distress Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Osteal Occlusion of Left Main Coronary Artery
Authors: Alsagaff Mochamad Yusuf , Al Farabi Makyhan Jibril , Bakhtiar Arief
Published: April 2023

A man in his late 50s had reduced left ventricle systolic function and hypokinesia of the anteroseptal, anterior, anterolateral, and septal walls. Lung ultrasound demonstrated multiple B-lines in both lung fields. What would you do next?
Effect of Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy vs Surgery for Complicated Pleural Infections
Authors: Wilshire Candice L. , Jackson Anee S. , Vallières Eric , Bograd Adam J. , Louie Brian E. , Aye Ralph W. , Farivar Alexander S. , White Peter T. , Gilbert Christopher R. , Gorden Jed A.
Published: April 2023

Importance

There is a paucity of high-quality prospective randomized clinical trials comparing intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy (IPFT) with surgical decortication in patients with complicated pleural infections.

Objective

To assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of an algorithm comparing tissue plasminogen activator plus deoxyribonuclease therapy with surgical decortication in patients with complicated pleural infections.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This parallel pilot randomized clinical trial was performed at a single urban community-based center from March 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021, with follow-up for 90 days. Seventy-four individuals were screened and 48 were excluded. Twenty-six patients 18 years or older with clinical pleural infection and positive findings of pleural fluid analysis were included. Of these, 20 patients underwent randomized selection (10 in each group), and 6 were observed.

Interventions

Intrapleural tissue plasminogen activator plus deoxyribonuclease therapy vs surgical decortication.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes were the percentage of patients enrolled to study completion and multidisciplinary adherence. Secondary outcomes included the number of patients with and the reason for inadequate screening, screening to enrollment failures, time to accrual of 20 patients or the number accrued at 1 year, and clinical data.

Results

Twenty-six patients were enrolled, 10 were randomized to each group, and 6 were observed. There was 100% enrollment to study completion in each treatment group, no protocol deviations, 2 minor protocol amendments, and no screening to enrollment failures. It took 32 months to enroll 26 patients. The 20 randomized patients had a median age of 57 (IQR, 46-65) years, were predominantly men (15 [75%]), and had a median RAPID (Renal, Age, Purulence, Infection Source, and Dietary Factors) score of 2 (IQR, 1-3). Treatment failure occurred in 1 patient and 2 crossover treatments occurred, all of which were in the IPFT group. Intraprocedure and postprocedure complications were similar between the groups. There were no reoperations or in-hospital deaths. Median duration of chest tube use was comparable in the IPFT (5 [IQR, 4-8] days) and surgery (4 [IQR, 3-5] days) groups (P = .21). Median hospital stay tended to be longer in the IPFT (11 [IQR, 4-18] days) vs surgery (5 [IQR, 4-6] days) groups, although the difference as not significantly different (P = .08). There were no 30-day readmissions or 30- or 90-day deaths.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this pilot randomized clinical trial, the study algorithm was feasible, safe, and efficacious. This provides evidence to move forward with a multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03873766
Ketamine vs Electroconvulsive Therapy for Major Depressive Episode
Authors: Menon Vikas , Varadharajan Natarajan , Faheem Abdul , Andrade Chittaranjan
Published: April 2023

Importance

The relative efficacy of ketamine and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in adults with major depressive episode (MDE) needs clarification.

Objective

To compare depression rating outcomes with ketamine vs ECT in adults with MDE and to compare response and remission rates, number of sessions to response and remission, and adverse effects.

Data Sources

Two investigators independently systematically searched MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases using a combination of relevant Medical Subject Headings terms and free-text keywords from database inception through May 15, 2022, to identify relevant English-language trials.

Study Selection

Parallel-group randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Two investigators independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. One-week posttreatment outcomes were pooled as standardized mean difference (SMD; Hedges g) for continuous outcomes and risk ratio (RR) for categorical outcomes in random-effects meta-analyses.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Efficacy outcomes were 1-week (or nearest) posttreatment depression ratings, 1-week (or nearest) study-defined response and remission rates, and number of sessions to treatment response and remission. Safety outcomes were reported adverse effects.

Results

Five trials (ketamine group: n = 141; ECT group: n = 137) were meta-analyzed. The overall pooled SMD for posttreatment depression ratings was −0.39 (95% CI, −0.81 to 0.02; I2 = 45%; 5 RCTs). For this efficacy outcome, in a sensitivity analysis of methodologically stronger trials, ECT was superior to ketamine (SMD, −0.45; 95% CI, −0.75 to −0.14; I2 = 6%; 2 RCTs). ECT was also superior to ketamine for study-defined response (RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.06-1.53; I2 = 0%; 3 RCTs) and remission (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.12-1.82; I2 = 0%; 2 RCTs) rates. No significant differences were noted between groups for number of sessions to response and remission and for cognitive outcomes. Key limitations were small number of studies, limited sample size, and high risk of bias in all trials.

Conclusion and Relevance

The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest an efficacy advantage for ECT over ketamine in adults with MDE. These conclusions are tempered by the small number and size of existing trials.
Residual Risk of Breast Cancer After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Doumouras Aristithes G. , Lovrics Olivia , Paterson J. Michael , Sutradhar Rinku , Paszat Lawrence , Sivapathasundaram Branavan , Tarride Jean-Eric , Anvari Mehran
Published: April 2023

Importance

Excess adiposity confers higher risk of breast cancer for women. For women who have lost substantial weight, it is unclear whether previous obesity confers residual increased baseline risk of breast cancer compared with peers without obesity.

Objectives

To determine whether there is a residual risk of breast cancer due to prior obesity among patients who undergo bariatric surgery.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Retrospective matched cohort study of 69 260 women with index date between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2016. Patients were followed up for 5 years after bariatric surgery or index date. Population-based clinical and administrative data from multiple databases in Ontario, Canada, were used to match a cohort of women who underwent bariatric surgery for obesity (baseline body mass index [BMI] ≥35 with comorbid conditions or BMI ≥40) to women without a history of bariatric surgery according to age and breast cancer screening history. Nonsurgical controls were divided into 4 BMI categories (<25, 25-29, 30-34, and ≥35). Data were analyzed on October 21, 2021.

Exposures

Weight loss via bariatric surgery.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Residual hazard of breast cancer after washout periods of 1, 2, and 5 years. Comparisons were made between the surgical and nonsurgical cohorts overall and within each of the BMI subgroups.

Results

In total, 69 260 women were included in the analysis, with 13 852 women in each of the 5 study cohorts. The mean (SD) age was 45.1 (10.9) years. In the postsurgical cohort vs the overall nonsurgical cohort (n = 55 408), there was an increased hazard for incident breast cancer in the nonsurgical group after washout periods of 1 year (hazard ratio [HR], 1.40 [95% CI, 1.18-1.67]), 2 years (HR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.12-1.53]), and 5 years (HR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.21-1.58]). When the postsurgical cohort was compared with the nonsurgical cohort with BMI less than 25, the hazard of incident breast cancer was not significantly different regardless of the washout period, whereas there was a reduced hazard for incident breast cancer among postsurgical patients compared with nonsurgical patients in all high BMI categories (BMI ≥25).

Conclusions and Relevance

Findings suggest that bariatric surgery was associated with a reduced risk of developing breast cancer for women with prior obesity equivalent to that of a woman with a BMI less than 25 and a lower risk when compared with all groups with BMI greater than or equal to 25.
Emerging Trends in Soft Electronics: Integrating Machine Intelligence with Soft Acoustic/Vibration Sensors
Authors: Lee Jeng‐Hun , Cho Kang Hyuk , Cho Kilwon
Published: April 2023

In the last decade, soft acoustic/vibration sensors have gained tremendous research interest due to their unique ability to detect broadband acoustic/vibration stimuli, potentializing futuristic applications including voice biometrics, voice‐controlled human–machine‐interfaces, electronic skin, and skin‐mountable healthcare devices. Importantly, to benefit most from these sensors, it is inevitable to use machine learning (ML) to process their output signals; with ML, a more accurate and efficient interpretation of original data is possible. This paper is dedicated to offering an overview of recent advances empowering the development of soft acoustic/vibration sensors and their signal processing using ML. First, the key performance parameters of the sensors are discussed. Second, popular transduction mechanisms for the sensors are addressed, followed by an in‐depth overview of each type, covering materials used, structural designs, and sensing performances. Third, potential applications of the sensors are elaborated and fourth, a thorough discussion on ML is conducted, exploring different types of ML, specific ML algorithms suitable for processing acoustic/vibration signals, and current trends in ML‐assisted applications. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities in soft acoustic/vibration sensor and ML research are revealed to offer new insights into future prospects in these fields.
Quantum Dots Facilitate 3D Two‐Photon Laser Lithography
Authors: Yu Ye , Prudnikau Anatol , Lesnyak Vladimir , Kirchner Robert
Published: April 2023

In the past two decades, direct laser writing (DLW) technologies have seen tremendous growth. However, strategies that enhance the printing resolution and the development of printing material with assorted functionalities are still sparser than expected. Herein, a cost‐effective method to tackle this bottleneck is presented. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are selected to carry out this task, most importantly via surface chemistry modification to enable their copolymerization with themonomers, resulting in transparent composites. The evaluations indicate that the QDs show great colloidal stability and their photoluminescent properties are well‐preserved. This allows further exploration of the printing characteristics of such composite material. It is shown that in the presence of the QDs, the material provides a much lower polymerization threshold with faster linewidth growth, indicating that the QDs form a synergetic relationship with the monomer and the photoinitiator, widening the dynamic range of the material and thus increasing the writing efficiency for broader fields of applications. Lowering the polymerization threshold reduces the minimum achievable feature size by ≈32%, which is well‐matched with STED‐based (i.e., stimulated‐emission depletion microscopy) methods in writing 3D structures. The study further elucidates the mechanism of the synergetic behavior, further guiding the future development of functional materials for DLW‐related printing technologies.
An Isomeric Solid Additive Enables High‐Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells Developed Using a Benzo‐Difuran‐Based Donor Polymer
Authors: Chen Lu , Yi Jicheng , Ma Ruijie , Ding Lu , Dela Peña Top Archie , Liu Heng , Chen Jian , Zhang Cuifen , Zhao Chaoyue , Lu Wen , Wei Qi , Zhao Bin , Hu Huawei , Wu Jiaying , Ma Zaifei , Lu Xinhui , Li Mingjie , Zhang Guangye , Li Gang , Yan He
Published: April 2023

Currently, nearly all high‐efficiency organic photovoltaic devices use donor polymers based on the benzo‐dithiophene (BDT) unit. To diversify the choices of building blocks for high‐performance donor polymers, the use of benzo‐difuran (BDF) units is explored, which can achieve reduced steric hindrance, stronger molecular packing, and tunable energy levels. In previous research, the performance of BDF‐based devices lagged behind those of BDT‐based devices. In this study, a high efficiency (18.4%) is achieved using a BDF‐based polymer donor, which is the highest efficiency reported for BDF donor materials to date. The high efficiency is enabled by a donor polymer (D18‐Fu) and the aid of a solid additive (2‐chloronaphthalene), which is the isomer of the commonly used additive 1‐chloronaphthalene. These results revealed the significant effect of 2‐chloronaphthalene in optimizing the morphology and enhancing the device parameters. This work not only provides a new building block that can achieve an efficiency comparable to dominant BDT units but also proposes a new solid additive that can replace the widely used 1‐chloronaphthalene additive.
Regulation of Quantum Wells Width Distribution in Quasi‐2D Perovskite Films for High‐Performance Photodetectors
Authors: Zhao Rudai , Guo Lutong , Zhu He , Zhang Ting , Li Pengwei , Zhang Yiqiang , Song Yanlin
Published: April 2023

Dynamic optimization of the quantum‐well (QW) width distribution in quasi‐2D halide perovskite thin films is an effective approach for tuning the properties of photoelectric devices. Here, that the QWs width distribution in quasi‐2D perovskite films can be controlled only by using hydroiodic acid (HI) as an additive is demonstrated. A uniform distribution of the colloidal particle size in the quasi‐2D perovskite precursor solution is achieved through the formation of soluble iodoplumbate coordination complexes, PbI3− from the reaction of HI with PbI2, resulting in an improved phase purity in the final film. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the ideal n value quasi‐2D perovskite reaction pathway through the PbI3− complex has a lower enthalpy of formation than the random nucleation pathway without the HI additive. Benefiting from this merit, a high‐quality quasi‐2D perovskite film with optimized phase purity delivered a balanced carrier diffusion length and improved carrier mobility. The resultant photodetectors exhibited a light on/off ratio of 50 000, a responsivity of 0.96 A W−1, and a detectivity of 5.7 × 1012 Jones at 532 nm. In addition, the state‐of‐the‐art device maintained more than 80% of its initial photocurrent after 720 h of storage at 30% relative humidity.
Optimization of Projected Phase Change Memory for Analog In‐Memory Computing Inference
Authors: Li Ning , Mackin Charles , Chen An , Brew Kevin , Philip Timothy , Simon Andrew , Saraf Iqbal , Han Jin‐Ping , Sarwat Syed Ghazi , Burr Geoffrey W. , Rasch Malte , Sebastian Abu , Narayanan Vijay , Saulnier Nicole
Published: April 2023

Phase change memory (PCM) is one of the most promising candidates for non‐von Neumann based analog in‐memory computing–particularly for inference of previously‐trained deep neural networks (DNN). It is shown that PCM electrical properties can be tuned systematically using a projection liner, which is designed for resistance drift mitigation, in the manufacturable mushroom PCM. A systematic study of the electrical properties‐including resistance values, memory window, resistance drift, read noise, and their impact on the accuracy of large neural networks of various types and with tens of millions of weights is performed. It is sown that the DNN accuracy can be improved by the PCM with liner for both the short term and long term after programming, due to reduced resistance drift and read noise, respectively, despite the trade‐off of reduced memory window. The liner conductance, PCM device characteristics, and network inference accuracy with PCM memory window and reset state conductance is correlated, which allows us to identify the device optimization space to achieve better short term and long term accuracy for large neural networks.
“But I Live Here Too”: Social‐structural stressors, racial discrimination, and resiliency among urban dwelling black emerging adult men
Authors: Taggart Tamara , Sawyer Simone , Andreou Ashley , Kershaw Trace , Milburn Norweeta G.
Published: April 2023

For many Black emerging adult men in the United States, social‐structural stressors rooted in racial discrimination are daily experiences that place them at greater risk for poor health. Emerging adulthood is a critical life course period marked by greater experimentation with health risk behaviors. Although Black men's health vulnerabilities during this period are connected to their social‐structural environments, investigations of these factors among noncollege sampled Black men remain limited. We conduced thirty semi‐structured in‐depth interviews to examine associations between social‐structural challenges and social‐structural resources for resiliency. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using Dedoose web‐based qualitative software. Through open coding, emergent concepts were connected across interviews and major themes were identified. We found three core social‐structural stressors: (1) Racial profiling, (2) neighborhood violence, and (3) lack of economic opportunities, and three resilience factors: (1) Positive social networks, (2) community‐based resources, and (3) safe environments that foster a sense of community. Collectively, these findings provide insight into developing structural‐ and community‐level interventions tailored to bolster resiliency across multiple levels and counteract the social‐structural challenges that young Black men face.
The D409H variant in GBA1: Challenges in predicting the Gaucher phenotype in the newborn screening era
Authors: Gleason Adenrele M. , D'Souza Andrea , Ryan Emory , Grochowsky Angela R. , Carter Camille R. , Goker‐Alpan Ozlem , Lopez Grisel , Tayebi Nahid , Sidransky Ellen
Published: April 2023

Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from glucocerebrosidase deficiency due to pathologic variants in GBA1. While clinically heterogeneous, GD encompasses three types, non‐neuronopathic (GD1), acute neuronopathic (GD2), and chronic neuronopathic (GD3). Newborn screening (NBS), which has made remarkable inroads in detecting certain diseases before detrimental health consequences and fatality ensues, is now being piloted for GD in several states and countries. Early on, clinical features of GD2 can overlap with GD3; hence, predicting outcome is challenging. As NBS for GD becomes more available, the increased detection of GD in neonates is inevitable. As a result, health care providers and families will be faced with uncertainty with respect to clinical management. Since more severe GBA1 variants are generally associated with neuronopathic GD, there has been an increased dependence on genotypic information. We present an infant detected by NBS with genotype D409H(p.Asp448His)/RecNciI (p.Leu483Pro; p.Ala495Pro;p.Val499=). To assist in genetic counseling, we performed a retrospective review of other patients in our cohort carrying D409H and reviewed the literature. The study illustrates the challenges faced in counseling for infants with neuronopathic GD, even with known GBA1 variants, and the tough management decisions that can ensue from detection in newborns.
2,3′‐Bisindole Synthesis fromo‐(2.2‐Dibromovinyl)aniline ando‐Ethynylaniline
Authors: Li Pengfei , Yang Fanpeng , Song Qingyan , Wang Rongchao , Wang Zhengshen , Zheng Huaiji
Published: April 2023

A Pd‐catalyzed coupling reaction fromo‐alkynylanilines ando‐(2,2‐dibromovinyl)anilines for the synthesis of 2,3′‐bisindoles is developed. In which,o‐ethynylaniline was used as 3‐functionalized indole precursor ando‐(2,2‐dibromovinyl)aniline was used as 2‐functionalized indole precursor. This protocol exhibits high efficiency, good functional group tolerance and scalability from easily accessible starting materials.
Self‐Accelerating Diels–Alder Reaction for Preparing Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity
Authors: Zhang Yuanxing , Tang Qingquan , Li Zi , Zhang Ke
Published: April 2023

It is a formidable challenge in polycondensation to simultaneously construct multiple covalent bonds to prepare double‐stranded polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) with fused multicyclic linkages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to develop a self‐accelerating Diels–Alder reaction for successfully preparing double‐stranded PIMs with fused multicyclic backbone structures. A self‐accelerating Diels–Alder reaction was developed based on the [4+2] cycloaddition of sym‐dibenzo‐1,5‐cyclooctadiene‐3,7‐diyne (DIBOD) and ortho‐quinone compounds. In this reaction, the cycloaddition of ortho‐quinone with the first alkyne of DIBOD activates the second alkyne, which reacts with ortho‐quinone at a rate constant 192 times larger than that of the original alkyne. Using this self‐accelerating reaction to polymerize DIBOD and spirocyclic/cyclic difunctional ortho‐quinone monomers, a novel stoichiometric imbalance‐promoted step‐growth polymerization method was developed to prepare PIMs. The resultant PIMs possess intrinsic ultramicropores with pore sizes between 0.45 to 0.7 nm, high specific surface areas above 646 m2 g−1, and good H2 separation performance.
A Linear C=Ge=C Heteroallene with a Di‐coordinated Germanium Atom**
Authors: Sugamata Koh , Asakawa Teppei , Hashizume Daisuke , Minoura Mao
Published: April 2023

Allenes (>C=C=C<) are classified as cumulated dienes with a linear structure and an sp‐hybridized central carbon atom. We have synthesized and isolated a stable 2‐germapropadiene with bulky silyl substituents. The 2‐germapropadiene allene moiety adopts a linear structure both in the solid state and in solution. An X‐ray diffraction electron‐density‐distribution (EDD) analysis of this 2‐germapropadiene confirmed the linear C=Ge=C geometry with a formally sp‐hybridized germanium atom that bears two orthogonal C=Ge π‐bonds. Based on detailed structural and computational studies, we concluded that the linear geometry of the isolated 2‐germapropadiene most likely arises from the negative hyperconjugation of the silyl substituents at the terminal carbon atoms. The 2‐germapropadiene reacts rapidly with nucleophiles, indicating that the linearly oriented germanium atom is highly electrophilic.
Reversible Ammonium Ion Intercalation/de‐intercalation with Crystal Water Promotion Effect in Layered VOPO4⋅2 H2O**
Authors: Ye Fei , Pang Ruilvjing , Lu Chengjie , Liu Qiang , Wu Yuping , Ma Renzhi , Hu Linfeng
Published: April 2023

The non‐metal NH4+ carrier has attracted tremendous interests for aqueous energy storage owing to its light molar mass and fast diffusion in aqueous electrolytes. Previous study inferred that NH4+ ion storage in layered VOPO4⋅2 H2O is impossible due to the removal of NH4+ from NH4VOPO4 leads to a phase change inevitably. Herein, we update this cognition and demonstrated highly reversible intercalation/de‐intercalation behavior of NH4+ in layered VOPO4⋅2 H2O host. Satisfactory specific capacity of 154.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and very stable discharge potential plateau at 0.4 V based on reference electrode was achieved in VOPO4⋅2 H2O. A rocking‐chair ammonium‐ion full cell with the VOPO4⋅2 H2O//2.0 M NH4OTf//PTCDI configuration exhibited a specific capacity of 55 mAh g−1, an average operating voltage of about 1.0 V and excellent long‐term cycling stability over 500 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of ≈99 %. Theoretical DFT calculations suggest a unique crystal water substitution process by ammonium ion during the intercalation process. Our results provide new insight into the intercalation/de‐intercalation of NH4+ ions in layered hydrated phosphates through crystal water enhancement effect.
Practical Antibody Recruiting by Metabolic Labeling with Caged Glycans
Authors: Milawati Hersa , Manabe Yoshiyuki , Matsumoto Takuya , Tsutsui Masato , Ueda Yoshihiro , Miura Ayane , Kabayama Kazuya , Fukase Koichi
Published: April 2023

We propose a de novo glycan display approach that combines metabolic labeling and a glycan‐caging strategy as a facile editing method for cell‐surface glycans. This method enables the introduction of antigen glycans onto cancer cells to induce immune responses through antibody recruiting. The caging strategy prevents the capture of α‐rhamnose (an antigen glycan) by endogenous antibodies during the introduction of the glycan to the targeted cell surface, and subsequent uncaging successfully induces immune responses. Therefore, this study proposes a practical method for editing the cell‐surface glycocalyx under promiscuous conditions, such as those in vivo, which paves the way for the development of glycan function analysis and regulation.
Shape‐ and Size‐Tunable Synthesis of Covalent Organic Cages through Rh‐Catalyzed Regioselective [2+2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Sato Yu , Abekura Masato , Oriki Tomohiro , Nagashima Yuki , Uekusa Hidehiro , Tanaka Ken
Published: April 2023

Covalent organic cages have potential applications in molecular inclusion/recognition and porous organic crystals. Bridging arene units with sp3 atoms enables facile construction of rigid isolated internal vacancies, and various prismatic arene cages have been synthesized by kinetically controlled covalent bond formation. However, the synthesis of a tetrahedral one, which requires twice as much bond formation as prismatic ones, has been limited to a thermodynamically controlled dynamic SNAr reaction, and this reversible covalent bond formation made the resulting cage product chemically unstable. Here we report the Rh‐catalyzed high‐yielding and highly 1,3,5‐selective room temperature [2+2+2] cycloaddition of push‐pull alkynes and its application to the synthesis of chemically stable aryl ether cages of various shapes and sizes, including prismatic and tetrahedral forms. These aryl ether cages are highly crystalline and intertwine with each other to form regular packing structures. Some aryl ether cages encapsulated isolated water molecules in their hydrophobic cavity by hydrogen bonding with the multiple ester moieties.
Total Synthesis of Lucidumone through Convenient One‐pot Preparation of the Tetracyclic Skeleton by Claisen Rearrangement and Subsequent Intramolecular Aldol Reaction
Authors: Kawamoto Yuichiro , Noguchi Naoki , Kobayashi Toyoharu , Ito Hisanaka
Published: April 2023

The total synthesis of lucidumone (1), a Ganoderma meroterpenoid, was accomplished in racemic form from easily prepared 6 and 7 in 10 steps as the longest linear sequence. The synthesis was completed through one‐pot preparation of the tetracyclic core skeleton by Claisen rearrangement followed by an intramolecular aldol reaction. The intramolecular aldol reaction allowed for the stereocontrolled construction of the bicyclo [2.2.2] octane skeleton fused to an indanone structure. The enantioselective total synthesis of 1 was also described via a chiral transfer strategy in the Claisen rearrangement.
Preparation and characterization of photocurable fluorinated polyether‐based reactive inks
Authors: Zhou Yanqiu , Zhang Limin , Zhang Qingyuan , Huang Hui , Peng Rufang , Jin Bo
Published: April 2023

Photocurable polymer provides fast curable properties via ultraviolet (UV) light for 3D‐printed propellants. This work outlines the preparation and characterization of photocurable fluorinated polyether‐based reactive inks. Acrylate‐terminated poly‐2‐((2,2,3,3,3‐pentafluoropropoxy)‐methyl) ethylene oxide (P5F‐AA) was synthesized as photocurable binder through the esterification of acrylic acid, and the terminal hydroxyl group of poly‐2‐((2,2,3,3,3‐pentafluoropropoxy)‐methyl) ethylene oxide (P5F), which was synthesized through cationic ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐((2,2,3,3,3‐pentafluoropropoxy)methyl) oxy‐ethane (PFEE) by using butane diol as initiator. In comparison with P5F, P5F‐AA had a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) of −63.3°C. A new type of photocurable resin, which may be used for additive manufacturing of energetic materials, was prepared via UV radiation in an LED UV curing tank by using P5F‐AA as prepolymer, diphenyl (2,4,6‐trimethyl benzoyl) phosphine oxide (TPO) as photo‐initiator, and tri‐fluoroethyl acrylate (3F‐AA) and 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) as mono‐ and multifunctional diluents, respectively. When the mass ratio of P5F‐AA/3F‐AA/HDDA binder matrix was 1:1:0.5, the sample exhibited maximal mechanical strength of 6.56 MPa with elongation at break of 13.38%, which was due to the introduction of HDDA effectively increasing the “entanglement” between molecular chains. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA‐DTG) was utilized to evaluate the ability to decompose thermally of the binder matrix, and the results showed the initial degradation temperature started at nearly 181°C and two consecutive stages in thermal decomposition. Overall, the obtained results from the different techniques suggested that P5F‐AA/3F‐AA/HDDA binder matrix may be a photocurable reactive ink for 3D‐printed propellants, which would provide a certain reference value and guiding importance for design of reactive inks.
Physiological ramifications of constrained collective cell migration
Authors: Leclech Claire , Barakat Abdul I.
Published: April 2023

Constraining collective cell migration in vitro using different types of engineered substrates such as microstructured surfaces or adhesive patterns of different shapes and sizes often leads to the emergence of specific patterns of motion. Recently, analogies between the behavior of cellular assemblies and that of active fluids have enabled significant advances in our understanding of collective cell migration; however, the physiological relevance and potential functional consequences of the resulting migration patterns remain elusive. Here we describe the different patterns of collective cell migration that have been reported in vitro in response to geometrical constraints, explore the in vivo pertinence of the in vitro systems used to impose the geometrical constraints, and discuss the potential physiological ramifications of the collective migration patterns that emerge as a result of physical constraints. We conclude by highlighting key upcoming challenges in the exciting field of constrained collective cell migration.
Solving the conundrum of intra‐specific variation in metabolic rate: A multidisciplinary conceptual and methodological toolkit
Authors: Metcalfe Neil B. , Bellman Jakob , Bize Pierre , Blier Pierre U. , Crespel Amélie , Dawson Neal J. , Dunn Ruth E. , Halsey Lewis G. , Hood Wendy R. , Hopkins Mark , Killen Shaun S. , McLennan Darryl , Nadler Lauren E. , Nati Julie J.H. , Noakes Matthew J. , Norin Tommy , Ozanne Susan E. , Peaker Malcolm , Pettersen Amanda K. , Przybylska‐Piech Anna , Rathery Alann , Récapet Charlotte , Rodríguez Enrique , Salin Karine , Stier Antoine , Thoral Elisa , Westerterp Klaas R. , Westerterp‐Plantenga Margriet S. , Wojciechowski Michał S. , Monaghan Pat
Published: April 2023

Researchers from diverse disciplines, including organismal and cellular physiology, sports science, human nutrition, evolution and ecology, have sought to understand the causes and consequences of the surprising variation in metabolic rate found among and within individual animals of the same species. Research in this area has been hampered by differences in approach, terminology and methodology, and the context in which measurements are made. Recent advances provide important opportunities to identify and address the key questions in the field. By bringing together researchers from different areas of biology and biomedicine, we describe and evaluate these developments and the insights they could yield, highlighting the need for more standardisation across disciplines. We conclude with a list of important questions that can now be addressed by developing a common conceptual and methodological toolkit for studies on metabolic variation in animals.
Quality by design‐steered development and validation of analytical and bioanalytical methods for raloxifene: Application of Monte Carlo simulations and variance inflation factor
Authors: Pant Anjali , Sharma Gajanand , Saini Sumant , Jain Atul , Barnwal Ravi Pratap , Singh Gurpal , Singh Bhupinder
Published: April 2023

A sensitive, rapid, reproducible, and economical HPLC method is reported for the quantification of raloxifene hydrochloride employing Quality by Design (QbD) principles. Factor screening studies, employing Taguchi design, indicated buffer volume percentage and isocratic flow rate as the critical method parameters (CMPs), which significantly influence the chosen critical analytical attributes, that is, tailing factor and theoretical plate number. Method conditions were subsequently optimized using face‐centered cubic design with magnitude of variance inflation factor for assessing multicollinearity among CMPs. Method operable design region (MODR) was earmarked and liquid chromatographic separation optimized using 0.05 M citrate buffer, acetonitrile, and methanol (57:40:3 v/v/v) as ggmobile phase at 0.9 mL min−1flow rate,λmaxof 280 nm, and column temperature of 40°C. Validation of the developed analytical method was accomplished as per International Council on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines confirming high levels of linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and sensitivity. Application of Monte Carlo simulations enabled the attainment of best plausible chromatographic resolution and corroboration of the demarcated MODR. Establishment and validation of the bioanalytical method using rat plasma samples, along with forced degradation and stability studies, corroborated the aptness of developed HPLC methods for drug quantification in the biological fluids, as well as in bulk and marketed dosage forms.
LC–MS/MS method for the quantitation of a dual PI3K/BRD4 inhibitor SF2523 in mouse plasma: Application to plasma protein binding and metabolism studies
Authors: Bala Veenu , Chhonker Yashpal S. , Morales Guillermo A. , Maddeboina Krishnaiah , Pal Dhananjaya , Durden Donald L. , Murry Daryl J.
Published: April 2023

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantitation of dual PI3K/BRD4 inhibitor SF2523 in mouse plasma. The analysis was performed on a UPLC system connected to a Shimadzu 8060 mass spectrometer by electrospray ionization in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. Chromatographic separation was carried out on an ACE Excel C18 column with a gradient elution containing 0.1% formic acid and methanol as the mobile phase. The linearity was conducted in the concentration range 0.1–500 ng/ml for SF2523 in 100 μl of plasma. The inter‐ and intra‐batch precision (RSD) were both lower than 13.5%, with the accuracy (percentage bias) ranging from −10.03 to 11.56%. The validated method was successfully applied to plasma protein binding and in vitro metabolism studies. SF2523 was highly bound to mouse plasma proteins (>95% bound). Utilizing mouse S9 fractions, a total of seven phase I and II metabolites were identified with hydroxylation found to be the major metabolic pathway. Metabolite identification included analysis of retention behaviors, molecular weight changes and MS/MS fragment patterns of SF2523 and the metabolites. This newly developed and validated method allows the rapid and easy determination of the SF2523 concentration with high sensitivity in a low sample volume and can be applied to future pre‐clinical studies.
Carbonic Anhydrase‐Embedded Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks Coating for Facilitated Offshore CO2 Fixation
Authors: Zhang Bo‐Yu , Wu Zhen‐Hua , Chu Zi‐Yi , Li Ke , Shi Jia‐Fu
Published: April 2023

Exhausted emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) from ships or offshore platforms has become one of the major contributors to global carbon emissions. Enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase (CA) have been widely used for CO2 mineralization because of their high catalytic rate. However, CA in seawater is easy to inactivate and difficult to reuse. Immobilization would be a feasible solution to address the stability issue, which, however, may cause an increase of internal diffusion resistance and reduced catalytic activity. In this regard, design of high‐performance biocatalysts for acquiring high catalytic activity and stability of CA is highly desirable. Herein, a monolithic catalyst of Filler‐CA@Lys‐HOF‐1 (FCLH) was prepared by chemical sorption of CA on the surface of the Filler followed by the coating of Lys‐HOF‐1. The highest catalytic activity of FCLH was obtained by regulating the amount of HOF‐1 monomer added. Due to the protection of Lys‐HOF‐1, the FCLH showed good tolerance against acidity and salinity, which could retain about 80.2 % of the original activity after 9 h incubation in simulated seawater. The catalytic activity of FCLH could retain 85.4 % of the initial activity after 10 cycles. Hopefully, our study can provide a promising biocatalyst for CO2 mineralization, which may drive down carbon emissions when used for CO2 capture and conversion on offshore platforms.
Intraoperative ventricular septal rupture: A case report
Authors: Rando Hannah , Kilic Ahmet
Published: April 2023

Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare complication of myocardial infarction that requires surgical repair. Herein, we describe a case of intraoperative VSR requiring patch repair and postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. This case highlights the risk factors, patient presentation, and management recommendations for this potentially lethal pathology.
An unusual pigmented skin lesion on the nipple‐areola area
Authors: Chaima Kouki , Chaabouni Rim , Bahloul Emna , Boudaya Sonia , Amouri Mariem , Turki Hamida
Published: April 2023

Considering the rarity and underdiagnoses of this disorder, a pigmented and hyperkeratotic skin lesion located on the trunk, resembling to acanthosis nigricans should always be investigated for terra firma‐forme dermatosis (TFFD) and thus alcohol must be applied. TFFD should be known among dermatologists and can be easily diagnosed and treated with isopropyl alcohol.