bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Convective forces contribute to post‐traumatic degeneration after spinal cord injury
Authors: Kwon Hoi Y. , Streilein Christopher , Cornelison R. Chase
Published: January 2025

Spinal cord injury (SCI) initiates a complex cascade of chemical and biophysical phenomena that result in tissue swelling, progressive neural degeneration, and formation of a fluid‐filled cavity. Previous studies show fluid pressure above the spinal cord (supraspinal) is elevated for at least 3 days after injury and contributes to a phase of damage called secondary injury. Currently, it is unknown how fluid forces within the spinal cord itself (interstitial) are affected by SCI and if they contribute to secondary injury. We find spinal interstitial pressure increases from −3 mmHg in the naive cord to a peak of 13 mmHg at 3 days post‐injury (DPI) but relatively normalizes to 2 mmHg by 7 DPI. A computational fluid dynamics model predicts interstitial flow velocities up to 0.9 μm/s at 3 DPI, returning to near baseline by 7 DPI. By quantifying vascular leakage of Evans Blue dye after a cervical hemi‐contusion in rats, we confirm an increase in dye infiltration at 3 DPI compared to 7 DPI, suggestive of higher fluid velocities at the time of peak fluid pressure. In vivo expression of the apoptosis marker caspase‐3 is strongly correlated with regions of interstitial flow at 3 DPI, and exogenously enhancing interstitial flow exacerbates tissue damage. In vitro, we show overnight exposure of neuronal cells to low pathological shear stress (0.1 dynes/cm2) significantly reduces cell count and neurite length. Collectively, these results indicate that interstitial fluid flow and shear stress may play a detrimental role in post‐traumatic neural degeneration.
Programming Green Light‐Responsive Hydrogels: From Photo‐Weakening to Photo‐Unresponsiveness and Photo‐Strengthening
Authors: Frank Saskia , Wegner Seraphine V.
Published: January 2025

Light‐responsive hydrogels are highly valued for their dynamic mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In this study, we present a hydrogel system that can either soften or strengthen on green light exposure, or remain unresponsive to light, depending on the addition of adenosyl cobalamin (AdoCbl) and Co2+. These protein‐based hydrogels were formed using genetically encoded SpyTag‐SpyCatcher chemistry and included green light‐sensitive CarHc protein domains. As previously reported, these hydrogels formed in the dark with the addition of AdoCbl, due to the tetramerization of the CarHc domains. Upon green light exposure, the CarHc tetramers disassembled, leading to a rapid transition from gel to sol. Interestingly, we discovered that an excess of AdoCbl leads to photo‐strengthening rather than photo‐weakening. This occurred because light exposure induces interchain crosslinks between AdoCbl and poly‐histidine tags (His6‐tags) of the proteins. Furthermore, incorporating Co2+ ions enhanced hydrogel stiffness by coordinating to His6‐tags. This not only suppressed photo‐weakening but also promoted photo‐strengthening behaviour. These findings highlight the role of His6‐tags in photochemical crosslinking with excess AdoCbl and in coordination to Co2+ ions, providing a novel strategy for designing tuneable, light responsiveness in materials.
Japan's Conditional/Time‐Limited Early Approval System in Regenerative Medicine: A Case Study of Rise and Falls of Autologous Skeletal Myoblast Sheets
Authors: Hakariya Hayase , Ozaki Akihiko , Kaneda Yudai , Tanimoto Tetsuya
Published: January 2025

Japan's conditional/time‐limited early approval program, initiated in 2014, aimed to advance regenerative medicine by expediting market access. However, the withdrawal of autologous skeletal myoblast sheets (Heartsheet) due to ineffectiveness raises concerns about the balance between rapid approval and scientific integrity. While the program seeks to boost innovation, it risks endorsing costly, unclear treatments under national health care. This case highlights the need to refine regulatory approaches, ensuring clinical efficacy and fiscal responsibility in regenerative therapies.
Decoupling in Sustainability Reporting: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Cepêda Catarina , Monteiro Albertina Paula , Aibar‐Guzmán Beatriz
Published: January 2025

Decoupling in sustainability reporting raises concerns about the credibility of sustainability disclosures. This study conducts a bibliometric review of 74 articles from 44 journals indexed in the Web of Science up to 2023, tracking key trends. The findings reveal two phases in research: an erratic growth from 2012 to 2017, followed by a surge from 2018 to 2023, with almost half of the publications in the last two years. Regulatory frameworks, particularly Directive 2014/95/EU, have notably influenced decoupling practises. Researchers use different proxies to measure decoupling, diverse theoretical lenses and empirical approaches, with China emerging as the most studied country. This study identifies five main research streams: characterisation, drivers, mitigating factors, impacts, and alternative views. Complementary analysis of recent publications confirms this trend, with the largest number of articles being published in 2024. The study contributes to the debate on the implications of decoupling for corporate transparency and accountability.
A novel method for objective quantification of apathy based on gaze and physiological reactivity to stimuli presented in a virtual reality environment
Authors: Ravona‐Springer Ramit , Koren Or , Galor Noam , Lapid Michal , Bahat Yotam , Fluss Ronen , Wilf Meytal , Zorani Shlomit , Rosenblum Uri , Beeri Michal Schnaider , Plotnik Meir
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

We developed a tool for objective quantification of apathy.

METHODS

Participants (n = 97; 67 with cognitive impairment, 30 cognitively normal; mean age = 74.3 ± 6.2 years, 56.7% females) were exposed to emotional and cognitive stimuli in a virtual reality environment. Gaze metrics (time to first fixation [TTFF] and total fixation duration [TFD]) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity were measured. Apathy and depression were clinically assessed using the Lille Apathy Rating Scale short version and the Geriatric Depression Scale 15‐item version, respectively. Cutoffs of ≥ –7 and ≥ 5 were used to define apathy and depression, respectively.

RESULTS

The sample comprised 14 participants with apathy only, 9 with depression only, 10 with both, 63 with neither, and 1 with missing data. For all emotional stimuli, participants with apathy only showed longer TTFF (P = 0.039, effect sizes [ES] = 0.798), and shorter TFD (P = 0.023, ES = 0.578) compared to those without apathy or depression. ANS reactivity was not associated with apathy.

DISCUSSION

Apathy is associated with decreased gaze engagement at emotional stimuli.

Highlights

Apathy measurement via questionnaires is limited by subjectivity biases.

Apathy measurement via questionnaires is limited by simplistic scoring.

We present a novel method for objective measurement of apathy.

Gaze characteristics reflect the emotional and cognitive components of apathy.
Computerized cognitive testing to capture cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: Longitudinal findings from the ARMADA study
Authors: Jutten Roos J. , Ho Emily H. , Karpouzian‐Rogers Tatiana , van Hulle Carol , Carlsson Cynthia , Dodge Hiroko H. , Nowinski Cindy J. , Gershon Richard , Weintraub Sandra , Rentz Dorene M.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Timely detection and tracking of Alzheimer's disease (AD) ‐related cognitive decline has become a public health priority. We investigated whether the NIH Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function—Cognition Battery (NIHTB‐CB) detects AD‐related cognitive decline.

METHODS

N = 171 participants (age 76.5 ± 8; 53% female, 34% Aβ‐positive) from the ARMADA study completed the NIHTB‐CB at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. Linear mixed‐effect models correcting for demographics were used to examine cross‐sectional and longitudinal NIHTB‐CB scores in individuals across the clinical AD spectrum.

RESULTS

Compared to Aβ‐negative healthy controls, Aβ‐positive individuals with amnestic MCI or mild AD performed worse on all NIHTB‐CB measures and showed an accelerated decline in processing speed, working memory, and auditory word comprehension tests.

DISCUSSION

These findings support the use of the NIHTB‐CB in early AD, but also imply that the optimal NIHTB‐CB composite score to detect change over time may differ across clinical stages of AD. Future directions include replication of these findings in larger and more demographically diverse samples.

Highlights

We examined NIH Toolbox—Cognition Battery scores across the clinical AD spectrum.

All NIH Toolbox tests detected cross‐sectional cognitive impairment in MCI‐to‐mild AD.

Three NIH Toolbox tests captured further decline over time in MCI‐to‐mild AD.

The NIH Toolbox can facilitate timely detection of AD‐related cognitive decline.
Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers with Numerous Miniature Carbon Nanofibers for Free‐Standing, Binder/Conductive Additive‐Free Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Hong Sehwa , Kim Siwan , Kim Minsun , Bae Songeui , Yang Hyeonsu , Lee Seulgee , Yun Yongsup , Kim Hyemin , Kim Daewook , Kang Jun
Published: January 2025

Among their several unique properties, the high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength of carbon nanofibers make them suitable for applications such as catalyst support for fuel cells, flexible electrode materials for secondary batteries, and sensors. However, their performance requires improvement for practical applications. Several methods have been pursued to achieve this, such as growing carbon nanotubes from carbon nanofibers; however, the transition metal catalyst used to grow carbon nanotubes causes problems, including side reactions. This study attempts to address this issue by growing numerous branched carbon nanofibers from the main carbon nanofibers using alkali metals. Excellent electrical conductivity is achieved by growing densely branched carbon nanofibers. Consequently, a current collector, binder, and conductive material‐free anode material is realized, exhibiting excellent electrochemical performance compared with existing carbon nanofibers. The proposed method is expected to be a powerful tool for secondary batteries and have broad applicability to various fields.
Access to 1, 2‐Dihydropyridine/Pyridine‐Fused Coumarins through [3+3] Annulation between 4‐Aminocoumarins and Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Liu Minghui , Guan Pengcheng , Qu Yujie , Yan Feng , Feng Feng , Wang Chengyu
Published: January 2025

Two facile and diversified protocols for the chem‐selective synthesis of 1,2‐dihydropyridine‐fused coumarins and pyridocoumarins have been developed. Readily accessible substrates, mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerance make these procedures attractive for the construction of various dihydropyridine‐fused coumarins and pyridocoumarins, which may enrich and develop the heterocyclic chemistry and medicinal chemistry.
The Determinants of Marginal Convenience Yield in Agricultural Commodity Markets
Authors: Bermpei Theodora , Triantafyllou Athanasios
Published: January 2025

We report a significant downward trend in the convenience yield for holding physical inventory in agricultural commodity futures markets, attributing this negative trend to speculative demand shocks, which in turn, leads in decreasing agricultural convenience yields. Moreover, agricultural convenience yields appear negative on average during the recent financialization (of commodities) period. We additionally show that the response of agricultural convenience yields to commodity price uncertainty and supply shocks is much less pronounced in magnitude and persistence compared to that of hedging demand shocks. Overall, our analysis verifies the Keynesian theory of normal backwardation by showing a long‐lasting positive response of agricultural convenience yields to a hedging demand shock, thereby leaving the hedging demand as the most significant factor explaining the less frequently observed backwardations in agricultural futures markets.
The Signaling Effect of Biophilic Job Posts: Do Applicants Trade Green for Green?
Authors: Merriman Kimberly K. , Kostanski Sarah A. , Ebrahimi Nabi , Montag‐Smit Tamara A.
Published: January 2025

Contemporary job postings increasingly rely on visual content to attract applicants through social media platforms, calling for scholarly attention to organizational aesthetics in recruitment. This study accordingly examines the signaling function of biophilic workspace design conveyed in job posts. We integrate theorizing on organizational aesthetics and biophilia with signaling theory to posit that biophilic job posts serve a dual signaling role as both a stimulus of signal attention by eliciting a visceral response and as a signaled source of credible information by evoking an evolutionary disposed cognitive interpretation. More specifically, we model pleasure and arousal as an indicator of stimulated attention, organizational attraction and the willingness to trade pay as evaluated responses to the signal, and attributions of communal organizational traits as an intervening interpretation of the signal—consistent with the role of symbolic attributes in prospective applicant evaluation of organizations. Three primary experiments largely support our predictions. Overall, this research extends the function of aesthetic signals to organizational signaling, validates organizational aesthetics as a stimulus of directed evaluation, and expands the scope of biophilic theory in organizational research. Findings also inform the practical question of whether biophilic job posts function as a non‐pecuniary differentiator in recruitment.
US Monetary Policy and Indeterminacy
Authors: Nicolò Giovanni
Published: January 2025

In this paper, I investigate the stance of the US monetary policy in the postwar period. To this end, I show that two features are key: a rich structural model and a parameterization of the indeterminate solution that ensures a sufficient exploration of the indeterminacy region during the estimation procedure. Therefore, I estimate a medium‐scale model on the US macroeconomic data using a novel solution method to allow for indeterminacy. The evidence of a passive monetary policy in the pre‐1979 period is pervasive and robust to the use of alternative model specifications and data. By contrast, the evidence of an active stance after 1979 is overturned if the period of the Volcker disinflation is excluded or if the model is estimated including a time‐varying inflation target and data on inflation expectations.
Influence of Seven Ion Species on Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated by Macrophages in Indirect and Direct Coculture Systems
Authors: Obata Akiko , Iguchi Makito , Yasue Hikaru , Kasuga Toshihiro
Published: January 2025

Implanted biomaterials release inorganic ions that trigger inflammatory responses, which recruit immune cells whose biochemical signals affect bone tissue regeneration. In this study, we evaluated how mouse macrophages (RAW264, RAW) and mesenchymal stem cells (KUSA‐A1, MSCs) respond to seven types of ions (silicon, calcium, magnesium, zinc, strontium, copper, and cobalt) that reportedly stimulate cells related to bone formation. The collagen synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin production of the MSCs varied by ion dose and type after culture in the secretome of RAW cells. However, DNA production was relatively unaffected. The MSC secretome may also stimulate RAW cells in coculture and, therefore, affect osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Overall, the ions often exerted different effects on each cell type. This study guides future work that explores the mechanisms behind ion‐dependent osteogenic differentiation and cell functions.
Familial polyposis syndrome and achalasia in a young adult
Authors: Lorusso Vivas Gabriella A. , Brady Ann‐Christina , Llanos‐Chea Alejandro
Published: January 2025

We report the case of a 19‐year‐old White male diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Gardner's syndrome (GS) phenotype, status post total colectomy, who developed progressive dysphagia and weight loss. He was diagnosed with achalasia based on imaging and esophageal manometry. The patient underwent a Heller myotomy with the resolution of symptoms. To date, no previous literature has reported on concurrent FAP or GS and achalasia. Although FAP and achalasia are both rare conditions with no previously known concurrent occurrence, association, or described syndrome, it is important to be vigilant of this new case report finding. One must also consider the increased risk of malignancy in patients with achalasia in addition to the significant risk of malignancy in patients with FAP/GS.
African elephants influence browse availability for black rhinoceroses in Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe
Authors: van der Westhuizen Marileen , Clegg Bruce , Visser Vernon , O'Connor Tim
Published: January 2025

Translocations are essential for the establishment of new populations of the critically endangered black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), but success will largely depend on forage availability. We investigated the degree of competition for woody browse between African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) and a recently reintroduced population of rhinoceroses in Gonarezhou National Park in Zimbabwe in the dry season of 2022. We examined overlap in space use and selection for plant species, stem diameters, and feeding height by measuring use of shrubs by both species at 75 sites across a range of topo‐edaphic conditions. Areas heavily used by rhinoceroses had high shrub densities, were close to water, and were on alkaline soils with elevated conductivity. Sites with medium to high levels of rhinoceros use were nested within areas of high elephant use. We also observed high elephant use in areas not favored by rhinoceroses, occurring farther from water and having lower shrub densities. Both species avoided thickets on acidic soils. There was substantial overlap in feeding areas, the plant species selected, and foraging height, although elephants used stems with larger diameters than rhinoceroses. Feeding by elephants on woody plants often resulted in a proliferation of small‐diameter coppice stems, which rhinoceroses used more than non‐coppice growth. Elephants did not appear to favor small coppice stems, indicating a degree of elephant‐induced facilitation of browse for rhinoceroses. Evidence for competition with elephants indicates black rhinoceroses may be best introduced into areas with a low elephant density.
Two rodent suborders have evolved missing amino acids in the lipid‐binding region of apolipoprotein E
Authors: Puppione Don L.
Published: January 2025

The order Rodentia comprises nearly 45% of all extant taxa, currently organized into 31 living families, some 450 genera, and roughly 2010 species (Kelt & Patton, 2020). Considering that rodents began evolving at least 66 million years ago, it is not surprising that they have diversified into five distinct suborders. With the advent of molecular biology, this difference can often be seen at the molecular level as well. Previous studies have indicated that the apolipoprotein E (APOE) of guinea pigs, belonging to the suborder Hystricomorpha, have fewer amino acids than have been reported for other suborders of Rodentia. Searching the genomic database for hystricomorph APOE genes, it was found that hystricomorphs were missing residues both in the vicinity of the hinge region and in the lipid‐binding region of the apolipoprotein. In the hinge region, missing residues varied between 5 and 3, and in the latter region, seven residues were missing. The search also revealed that castorimorphs, although lacking the smaller of the two deletions, were also missing the same seven residue deletion as found in APOE of the hystricomorphs.
Ferrofluid‐Assisted Dynamic Metasurface 3D Holography Endowed With Rapid, Linear, and High‐Contrast Color Modulation
Authors: Sun Shuo , Li Jin , Li Xiaoxun , Feng Yaoyao , Chen Liang
Published: January 2025

Metasurface holography offers a highly promising approach for naked‐eye, full‐color, 3D displays. However, the natural static structure and material of the metasurface limit its ability to dynamically regulate the light field, posing a challenge for achieving photorealistic 3D holography. Here, a ferrofluid‐assisted dynamic metasurface is first demonstrated, conducting a 3D holography endowed with rapid, linear, and high‐contrast color modulation. The ferrofluid has nano‐structural control properties (flow behavior of nanoparticles and emulsion) that enable dynamic manipulation of the extinction (absorption and scattering) intensity in micron region across a broadband spectrum range (400–850 nm). By integrating the ferrofluid with a broadband metasurface, a novel dynamic meta‐hologram is created, which can not only regulate both amplitude and phase of the light field under a single wavelength laser but also in situ linearly changing the color of holographic images under multi‐wavelength lasers. This method provides a new perspective for implementing dynamic metasurface 3D holography capable of continuous color response.
Ginsenoside Rk2 alleviates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by enhancing AKT membrane translocation and activation
Authors: Shen Hong , Fu Jiajun , Liu Jiayue , Zou Toujun , Wang Kun , Zhang Xiao‐Jing , Wan Jian‐Bo
Published: January 2025

Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) poses a significant threat to clinical outcomes and graft survival during hemorrhagic shock, hepatic resection, and liver transplantation. Current pharmacological interventions for hepatic IRI are inadequate. In this study, we identified ginsenoside Rk2 (Rk2), a rare dehydroprotopanaxadiol saponin, as a promising agent against hepatic IRI through high‐throughput screening. The pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of Rk2 on hepatic IRI were further evaluated and elucidated in vitro and in vivo. Rk2 significantly reduced inflammation and apoptosis caused by oxygen‐glucose deprivation and reperfusion in hepatocytes and dose dependently protected against hepatic I/R‐induced liver injury in mice. Integrated approaches, including network pharmacology, molecular docking, transcriptome analysis, and isothermal titration calorimetry, along with experimental validation, indicated that Rk2 protects against hepatic IRI by targeting and activating the AKT (RAC serine/threonine protein kinase) signaling pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of AKT pathway or knockdown of AKT1 effectively diminished protective effects of Rk2. Rk2 directly binds to AKT1, facilitating its translocation from the cytoplasm to plasma membrane. This process markedly enhanced AKT interaction with PDPK1, promoting the activation of AKT1 and its downstream signaling. Our findings demonstrate that Rk2 protects against hepatic IRI by activating AKT signaling through direct binding to AKT1 and facilitating its membrane translocation.
The crosstalk between senescence, tumor, and immunity: molecular mechanism and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Wang Zehua , Chen Chen , Ai Jiaoyu , Gao Yaping , Wang Lei , Xia Shurui , Jia Yongxu , Qin Yanru
Published: January 2025

Cellular senescence is characterized by a stable cell cycle arrest and a hypersecretory, proinflammatory phenotype in response to various stress stimuli. Traditionally, this state has been viewed as a tumor‐suppressing mechanism that prevents the proliferation of damaged cells while activating the immune response for their clearance. However, senescence is increasingly recognized as a contributing factor to tumor progression. This dual role necessitates a careful evaluation of the beneficial and detrimental aspects of senescence within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Specifically, senescent cells display a unique senescence‐associated secretory phenotype that releases a diverse array of soluble factors affecting the TME. Furthermore, the impact of senescence on tumor–immune interaction is complex and often underappreciated. Senescent immune cells create an immunosuppressive TME favoring tumor progression. In contrast, senescent tumor cells could promote a transition from immune evasion to clearance. Given these intricate dynamics, therapies targeting senescence hold promise for advancing antitumor strategies. This review aims to summarize the dual effects of senescence on tumor progression, explore its influence on tumor–immune interactions, and discuss potential therapeutic strategies, alongside challenges and future directions. Understanding how senescence regulates antitumor immunity, along with new therapeutic interventions, is essential for managing tumor cell senescence and remodeling the immune microenvironment.
Connection between oral health and chronic diseases
Authors: Fu Di , Shu Xingyue , Zhou Ge , Ji Mengzhen , Liao Ga , Zou Ling
Published: January 2025

Chronic diseases have emerged as a paramount global health burden, accounting for 74% of global mortality and causing substantial economic losses. The oral cavity serves as a critical indicator of overall health and is inextricably linked to chronic disorders. Neglecting oral health can exacerbate localized pathologies and accelerate the progression of chronic conditions, whereas effective management has the potential to reduce their incidence and mortality. Nevertheless, limited resources and lack of awareness often impede timely dental intervention, delaying optimal therapeutic measures. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of prevalent chronic diseases—such as diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases—on oral health, along with an exploration of how changes in oral health affect these chronic conditions through both deterioration and intervention mechanisms. Additionally, novel insights into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms governing these relationships are presented. By synthesizing these advancements, this review aims to illuminate the complex interrelationship between oral health and chronic diseases while emphasizing the urgent need for greater collaboration between dental practitioners and general healthcare providers to improve overall health outcomes.
Not just semantics: CO2 fertilization can be a disturbance leading to worldwide forest degradation
Authors: Lapola David M. , Blanco Carolina C. , Cardeli Barbara R. , Esquivel‐Muelbert Adriane , Martinelli João V. , Quesada Carlos A. N. , Rius Bianca F. , Silva‐Junior Celso H. L.
Published: January 2025

Societal Impact Statement

The physiological effects of increased atmospheric CO2 (CO2 fertilization) on intact forests are generally seen as a process that might buffer them against the impacts of climate change. However, CO2 fertilization can also cause adverse changes in forest conditions, such as alterations in species composition and reduced ecosystem moisture availability. Because of this, we argue that the effect of CO2 fertilization is a disturbance that leads to changes in the functioning of worldwide forests and causes low‐intensity degradation of these ecosystems. This demonstrates that even the most remote forests in the world have been altered by human action via CO2 fertilization, and the responsibility for their integrity must be shared globally.
Disparities in Clinical Outcomes Observed Within Electronic Health Record Data From a Statewide Cohort of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients
Authors: Dalton Rachel , Desai Ankit A. , Jiao Tianze , Duarte Julio D.
Published: January 2025

Health disparities in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have not been extensively reported in the United States. The aim of this project was to characterize the extent of demographic and socioeconomic disparities in clinical outcomes within a large, diverse PAH patient population. A retrospective, population‐based study of electronic health record data from the OneFlorida Data Trust was completed. Adult patients seeking care within one of the 12 OneFlorida Network partner healthcare systems with a documented diagnosis of any form of pulmonary hypertension (PH), including PAH, via ICD‐10 code were included. Social deprivation index and healthcare provider access scores were calculated from population‐based centroids derived from patient home addresses. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality, with secondary outcomes including hospitalization, emergency department (ED) visits, and similar clinical outcomes in a combined cohort of patients with other forms PH. A total of 6379 patients were included in the PAH cohort, and 37,412 patients were included in the nonspecific PH cohort. PAH patients with the greatest social deprivation exhibited increased rates of ED visits and hospitalizations. Despite having similar rates of ED visits and hospitalizations compared to non‐Hispanics, Hispanic PAH patients had markedly lower mortality rates. Similar associations were also observed in the combined cohort of 37,412 patients with other forms of PH. In conclusion, healthcare disparities exist in PAH outcomes across both demographic and socioeconomic boundaries. Patients identifying as Hispanic appear to have decreased rates of mortality compared to other races/ethnicities.
Thermoelectric Properties of a Light Compound Fe2S2: the Role of Electron Correlation Strengthened Spin‐Orbital Coupling
Authors: Wang Xincan , Zhou Zizhen , Yang Xiaolong , Han Guang , Lu Xu , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: January 2025

Spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) induced nontrivial bandgap and complex Fermi surface has been considered to be profitable for thermoelectrics, which, however, is generally appreciable only in heavy elements, thereby detrimental to practical application. In this study, the SOC‐driven extraordinary thermoelectric performance in a light 2D material Fe₂S₂ is demonstrated via first‐principles calculations. The abnormally strong SOC, induced by electron correlation through 3d orbitals polarization, significantly renormalizes the band structures, which opens the bandgap via Fe 3d orbitals inversion, exposes the second conduction valley with weak electron‐phonon coupling, and aligns the energy of Fe 3d and S 3p orbitals with divergent momentum in valence band. Such topological band renormalization triggers improvement of both p‐ and n‐type power factors by more than 200%. Combining with the low lattice thermal conductivity caused by lone pair electrons and intense high‐order phonon scattering, the peak zT can reach 1.6 and 1.8 for p‐ and n‐type Fe₂S₂ at 400 K, respectively. This work unravels the mechanism of SOC‐provoked high zT in electron correlation systems, which inspires the development of high‐performance thermoelectric materials without heavy and scarce elements.
Recent Advances on Characterization Techniques for the Composition‐Structure‐Property Relationships of Solid Electrolyte Interphase
Authors: Lu Hongyi , Nagarathinam Mangayarkarasi , Chen Yue , Zhang Weijian , Chen Xi , Chen Jing , Tao Jianming , Li Jiaxin , Lin Yingbin , Kolosov Oleg , Huang Zhigao
Published: January 2025

The Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) is a nanoscale thickness passivation layer that forms as a product of electrolyte decomposition through a combination of chemical and electrochemical reactions in the cell and evolves over time with charge/discharge cycling. The formation and stability of SEI directly determine the fundamental properties of the battery such as first coulombic efficiency (FCE), energy/power density, storage life, cycle life, and safety. The dynamic nature of SEI along with the presence of spatially inhomogeneous organic and inorganic components in SEI encompassing crystalline, amorphous, and polymeric nature distributed across the electrolyte to the electrolyte‐electrode interface, highlights the need for advanced in situ/operando techniques to understand the formation and structure of these materials in creating a stable interface in real‐world operating conditions. This perspective discusses the recent developments in interface‐sensitive in situ/operando techniques, providing valuable insights and addressing the challenges of understanding the composition/structure/property of SEI and their correlations during the formation processes at spatio‐temporal resolution across various length scales.
Study of Wind Power Prediction in ELM Based on Improved SSA
Authors: Shao Lei , Huang Wenxuan , Liu Hongli , Li Ji
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a short‐term wind power prediction model based on the improved Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) and Extreme Learning Machine(ELM) for anomalous wind power information from wind farms. The objective is to enhance the accuracy of short‐term wind power prediction. The model employs the extraction of features utilizing raw wind power history data from wind farms, in conjunction with the application of Variable Importance in Projection indices in Partial Least Squares (PLS‐VIP). As the ELM network model is susceptible to the influence of randomly generated input weights and thresholds at the outset of training, a solution is proposed whereby the input weights and thresholds of the ELM are optimized using SSA. The optimal weights and thresholds identified by SSA are then applied to the ELM model, thus forming the SSA‐ELM model. To address the limitations of traditional SSA, namely its susceptibility to local optimal solutions and poor global search ability, an improved SSA‐ELM algorithm is proposed. The improved SSA‐ELM algorithm introduces chaotic sequences and an exchange learning strategy to the original SSA. The rationale behind incorporating chaotic sequences is to enhance the quality of the initial solution, ensuring a more uniform distribution of sparrow positions and, consequently, a more diverse sparrow population. This, in turn, enables the algorithm to achieve a more effective global search capability through the utilization of the exchange learning strategy. Subsequently, all the data are fed into the SSA‐ELM model for prediction purposes. The simulation results demonstrate that the model exhibits enhanced prediction accuracy and improved practical applicability in wind power prediction. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Simulation Analysis and Scaling Test of Transformer Turn to Turn Short‐Circuit Transient Characteristics Based on Field‐Circuit Cooperation
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Yang Ruibo , Wang Junxian , Xiang Nianwen , Liu Xin
Published: January 2025

It is a common problem that transformers have different degrees of the turn to turn short‐circuit (TTS). The fault severity depends on the location and size of the short‐circuit. In this paper, the position of TTS is controlled in the middle of the transformer winding. And then, one transformer with 5%, 10% and 20% TTS on the high voltage side of the phase B was constructed. The transformer TTS faults from slight to deep are simulated, and the effect of different degrees of TTS on the transformer winding is analyzed. First, a three‐phase transformer is modeled by the numerical computation method and simulated by the field‐circuit coupling mode. The distribution of parameters such as the short‐circuit current, the spatial magnetic leakage and the radial electric force under the TTS different degrees are studied. Second, combined with the winding losses, the “electric‐magnetic‐thermal‐structural” multi‐physical field coupling simulation is established. Based on this, the transient analysis of the winding temperature rise, the thermal stress and the deformation were carried out, then the TTS capacity of the transformer is estimated according to the transformer structure and the material tolerance value. Finally, the paper compares the winding temperature distribution changes between the simulation and test by designing the winding temperature rise test. Base on the above studies, the reliability of the model established in this paper and the accuracy of the transformer TTS bearing capacity from the test are verified. These provide some engineering reference significance for the subsequent transformer fault maintenance. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
“I Am the Universe”: Toward a Reader Model That Centers Culture
Authors: Peele Roderick , Nash Kindel Turner
Published: January 2025

Culture and language shape the way people read. Yet, within many popular reading models of reading development, culture is a component, if featured at all. Illustrated through examples of pro‐Black, culturally sustaining, emancipatory practices of one teacher, this article highlights the Cultural Sustenance View of Reading, a reader model that can be used by reading teachers to center and sustain culture in children's reading development and their literacy futures.
Covert Sourcing Strategies as Activism Against Fake News
Authors: VanDonkelaar Rachael
Published: January 2025

In the 21st century, fake news has detrimental consequences on global communities, relationships, and democracies. Unfortunately, youth unknowingly engage with misinformed content on their social media platforms. Teenagers often turn to social media for information, and it is essential that teachers address reading strategies such as sourcing to support informed reading. However, although teachers understand the benefits of sourcing, otherwise known as investigating online claims, research shows that educators do not feel confident in teaching such skills. With personal stories embedded throughout, this research‐to‐practice article provides practical strategies for teachers to gently incorporate sourcing into their classrooms.
Eosinophilic folliculitis with multifocal distribution in a dog
Authors: Ushimaru Miwa , Sekiguchi Maiko , Iwasaki Toshiroh
Published: January 2025

A 10‐month‐old non‐neutered male beagle exhibited alopecia with scabbing and erythema on the head and lateral sides of all four limbs, alongside itching and general deterioration. Histopathological findings revealed intraepidermal or infundibular eosinophil‐dominated pustules. A diagnosis of canine eosinophilic dermatitis was established based on histopathological and clinical findings. Treatment with prednisolone (2 mg/kg, once daily) promptly improved the dermatological symptoms and general condition. The dose was gradually tapered over 3 weeks until withdrawal without recurrence. Canine eosinophilic dermatitis with intraepidermal pustules is rare and reported to be recurrent. However, the present case responded extremely well to treatment with prednisolone and did not experience recurrence, similar to eosinophilic dermatitis without intraepidermal pustules.
A high‐altitude thermal infrared method for estimating moose abundance and demography in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA
Authors: Abouelezz Hanem G. , Hobbs N. Thompson
Published: January 2025

Resource managers require accurate estimates of large herbivore abundance and demography to maintain ecological integrity. Common methods to count these species, including observations from low altitude helicopter flights, may conflict with other protected area management objectives and struggle to produce precise estimates for more cryptic species. To address these issues, we evaluated thermal infrared (TIR) assisted counts of Shiras moose Alces alces shirasi in a temperate montane ecosystem of Colorado, USA. We binned the 694.7 km2 study area into two strata, depicting higher and lower moose habitat suitability. Sixty transects (each 536 m wide by 5 km long) were randomly selected and flown from fixed wing aircraft flying at altitudes centered around ~ 610 m (2000 ft) above ground level (AGL) in July 2019 and again in July 2020. We determined abundance and demographic information using double‐observer line distance sampling with estimates produced using n‐mixture models. Detection probability of groups on the line, and of individuals within a group, conditional on the group being observed, were high. Mean moose density estimates across the study area were consistent from year to year, with reasonable confidence. We estimated 0.215 moose km‐2 (HDI 0.145, 0.286) in 2019 and 0.207 moose km‐2 (HDI 0.144, 0.276) in 2020. Within‐stratum estimates varied from year to year, likely an effect of the definition of suitable habitat and transect classifcation. Estimated ratios of bulls per cow and calves per cow fell within expected ranges for Shiras moose in Colorado but did vary across years. Thermal clutter created some impacts to TIR video quality. Our study indicates that this approach can reliably estimate moose densities in forested and topographically complex environments, while maintaining greater aircraft altitude above ground level when compared with traditional aerial survey methods. This reduced disturbance to wildlife, impacts to wilderness and improved aviator and aircraft passenger safety.
Transarterial Radioembolisation with Y90 Resin Microspheres and the Effect of Reimbursement Criteria in France: Final Results of the CIRT-FR Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Ronot M. , Loffroy R. , Arnold D. , Greget M. , Sengel C. , Pinaquy J. B. , Pellerin O. , Maleux G. , Peynircioglu B. , Pelage J. P. , Schaefer N. , Sangro B. , de Jong N. , Zeka B. , Urdaniz M. , Helmberger T. , Vilgrain V.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This analysis of the CIRSE Registry for SIR-Spheres Therapy in France, CIRT-FR, reports on real-world outcomes of transarterial radioembolisation (TARE) with Y90 resin microspheres for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) patients in France, focusing on safety, effectiveness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results on patients treated based on national reimbursement criteria are discussed here.

Methods

Prospective, multicentre, observational study of HCC and CRLM patients treated between August 2017 and July 2020 with TARE Y90 resin microspheres. Patients were assigned to different analysis groups based on reimbursement recommendations. Follow-up period was at least 24 months with patient data collected every 3 months.

Results

In total, 252 (193 HCC, 59 CRLM) patients of CIRT-FR were included in the analysis. No differences in effectiveness, safety and HRQoL were found between analysis groups based on reimbursement recommendations. Median overall survival for HCC and CRLM was 19.0 (95% CI, 16.1–22.4) and 10.8 (95% CI, 8.0–13.5) months, respectively. Serious procedure-related adverse events occurred in 13% of the patients. HRQoL generally remained stable, with some fluctuations in function scores and symptoms.

Conclusion

In our cohorts, patients performed similarly regarding clinical outcomes irrespective of their analysis group based on reimbursement recommendations. Our results suggest that instead of restrictive reimbursement criteria, more decision-making power in selecting suitable patient groups could be given to multidisciplinary tumour boards. Results confirm that TARE with Y90 resin microspheres is an effective and safe treatment for liver cancer, with maintained HRQoL in most patients.

Graphical abstract
Factors which influence social connection among cancer caregivers: an exploratory, interview study
Authors: Yuen Eva Y. N. , Toke Shadow , Macpherson Helen , Wilson Carlene
Published: January 2025

Background/aims

Social connectedness is increasingly recognised as influencing health outcomes in cancer caregivers; however, there is little understanding of factors which foster feelings of social connectedness among caregivers when providing care. We sought to examine from the caregivers’ perspective, factors which contribute to perceived social connection when providing care to someone with cancer.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 caregivers of people with cancer. Participants were recruited through social media and were eligible if they were aged 18 + years and had provided care to someone with cancer in the preceding 3 years. Data were analysed thematically using NVivo.

Results

Following thematic analysis of interview data, six overarching themes emerged detailing caregivers’ experiences with social support, networks, and connectedness. Themes included: people in caregivers’ social networks and communication frequency, supportive communication with people in social networks, challenges with talking with others and seeking support, receiving instrumental support from social networks, impact of the carer role on friendships and community activities, and factors which fostered perceived connectedness.

Conclusions

For caregivers of people with cancer, our qualitative findings suggest the importance of receiving emotional and instrumental support from social networks to cope with, and alleviate the stress and strain of providing care. Development and empirical testing of strategies and interventions that improve social support seeking and subsequently perceived connectedness among caregivers are recommended to improve health and wellbeing.
Structural considerations and differences between leaf canals and secretory cavities in Asteraceae
Authors: Martínez-Quezada Daniel M. , Rojas-Leal Alicia , Villaseñor José Luis , Terrazas Teresa
Published: January 2025

Secretory canals are distributed among seed plants, and their diversity is concentrated in many families of angiosperms, while other internal secretory structures such as secretory cavities have been identified only in Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, and Asteraceae. Identifying and recognizing these two types of secretory structures has been complicated, mainly due to their structural similarities. In this study, the ontogeny of canals and secretory cavities in two species of Asteraceae are described and compared, to understand the structural differences between them and allow the establishment of more appropriate homology hypotheses. Leaves of Bidens odorata and Tagetes tenuifolia in different stages of development, including the apex of the stems, were collected. The samples were processed using the methacrylate technique, and longitudinal and transverse sections were made. The development of both, canals and secretory cavities, is schizogenous, in contrast to what was previously reported for other families such as Rutaceae, where they are reported as lysigenous. In Asteraceae, canals originate from cells of the procambium while cavities originate from cells of the ground meristem. The structural and developmental similarities between both types of secretory structures allow us to infer that they have a close evolutionary origin. Canals and secretory cavities in Asteraceae can be differentiated based on the number of strata of secretory epithelium and sheath, the modifications of epidermal cells and mesophyll, and the type of promeristem that gives rise to them. Probably extravascular canals give rise to cavities in leaves of Asteraceae and probably in other plant families.