bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Mechanism of Tropical Expansion Using Idealized Numerical Experiments
Authors: Yang Hu , Lohmann Gerrit , Shi Xiaoxu , Müller Juliane
Published: January 2023

A wide range of evidence reveals that the tropical belt is expanding. Several mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to this expansion, some of which even contradict each other. The study of Yang et al. suggests that the poleward advancing mid-latitude meridional temperature gradient (MTG), originating from enhanced subtropical ocean warming, plays a leading role in driving tropical expansion. However, the abrupt4xCO2 experiment indicates that tropical expansion occurs at a faster rate than is indicated by changes related to ocean temperature rise. The idealized amip4K experiment illustrates that without introducing any ocean warming pattern, uniform ocean surface warming also drives tropical expansion. The results based on these idealized experiments seem to contradict the hypothesis proposed by Yang et al. In this study, we revisit these 2 experiments and show that both experiments actually support the hypothesis that MTG migration is driving tropical expansion. More specifically, in the abrupt4xCO2 experiment, although the rate of ocean warming is relatively slow, the poleward shift of the MTG is as rapid as tropical expansion. In the amip4K experiment, although ocean surface warming is uniform, the heating effect of the ocean on the atmosphere is nonuniform because of the nonlinear relationship between temperature, evaporation, and thermal radiation. The nonuniform oceanic heating to the atmosphere introduces a poleward shift of the MTG within the upper troposphere and drives a shift in the jet streams. By conducting an additional idealized experiment in which tropical expansion occurs under both a migrating MTG and a cooling climate, we argue that the migration of the MTG, rather than global warming, is the key mechanism in driving tropical expansion.
Family Income May Better Protect White Than Black American Youth Against Suicidality
Authors: Assari Shervin , Najand Babak , Caldwell Cleopatra , Mincy Ronald
Published: January 2023

Background: High income is a protective factor against suicidality for children, youth, and adults, however, recent research has documented weaker health effects of high income for Black than White individuals, a pattern also called marginalization-related diminished returns (MDRs). Objectives: In this study, we tested racial variation in the association between high income and suicidality in a national sample of 9-10-year-old Black and White American children. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, which included 7298 White or Black children between the ages of 9 and 10. Of all the participants, 5652 were White and 1646 were Black. The predictor variable was family income, treated as a continuous measure. Race was the moderator. The outcome variable was suicidality, treated as a dummy variable, reflecting any positive suicidal thoughts or behaviors endorsed over the lifecourse. Covariates included sex, age, family structure (parental marital status), parental education, trauma, history of depression, neighborhood poverty, and family conflict. Logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results: Overall, family income was inversely associated with children’s suicidality, net of all covariates. A statistically significant interaction was found between race and family income, suggesting that the inverse association between family income and suicidality is weaker in Black than White children. Conclusion: The observed weaker association between income and suicidality in Black than White children suggests that family income does not provide the same protection against suicidality for Black as White children. Due to racism, income and some other socioeconomic status indicators show weaker than expected health effects on Black families in the US.
Post-operative Mortality and Survival Rate in the Patients With Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Mohebbi Hassan Ali , Heydari Soleiman , Majdi Hamid Reza , Pouraqajani Mehran
Published: January 2023

Background: Esophageal cancer is the eighth-most common cancer and the sixth-most common cause of cancer death worldwide. In Iran, its prevalence is high. Surgery is recommended for tumors in early stages. Objectives: This study aims to determine demographic data, therapeutic approaches, postoperative mortality, and survival rate in patients with esophageal cancer who were managed in a referral hospital. Methods: In a cohort study, the patients hospitalized during six-year period were evaluated. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, laboratory data, surgical approaches, and survival time were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using life tables, proportional hazard Cox regression, and the Kaplan-Meier method by SPSS version 20 software. Survival curves were compared by log-rank analysis. Results: Over six years, 92 patients were admitted of which 54 (58.7%) were male. The average age was 63.08±12.03 years. Ten patients (10.8%) were below 50 years old. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common type (85.8%). Fifty-three patients (57.6%) were selected for the surgery. Postoperative mortality in 30 days occurred in 7 patients (13.2%). The median survival rate was 12.8±2.92 months. The survival rate for one, three and five years were 51.94%, 24.67% and 19.48%, respectively. Two factors that had significant statistical correlation with median survival time were metastasis (P=0.01) and vomiting (P=0.003). Conclusion: Esophageal cancer is a poor prognostic disease and esophagectomy is a morbid operation. To reduce postoperative mortality and increase the survival time, better patient selection and operations by expert surgeons must be considered.
The Time Lag Between the Onset of Symptoms and Diagnosis of Ankylosing Spondylitis in Sulaymaniyah Province, Iraq
Authors: Merza Raouf Rahim , Mustafa Lawen Jamal
Published: January 2023

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, progressive, and disabling disease among rheumatological diseases. Objectives: Current study aimed to investigate the Time lag between the onset of symptoms and final diagnosis of AS, and also identify the factors that contribute to that delay in Sulaymaniyah province. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 104 (AS) patients who satisfied the modified New York 1984 criteria were enlisted. The time lag was defined as the diagnosis delay (DD) between the appearance of the first symptoms and the correct diagnosis of AS. Spearman correlation analysis was used to detect correlations between variables. Results: The higher percentage of variables with DD≥6 years were urban 32 (74.4%), housewife 15(34.9%), had no family history 42 (97.7%), with high diploma 33 (76.7%), and positive HLAB27 31 (72.1%), the first specialist consulted orthopedics 21(48.8%) then GP 6 (14.9). Moreover, the higher percentage of variables with DD<6 years were diagnosis years between 2000 to 2020, rural 55 (90.2), 39 (63.9%) respectively, higher education 47 (77%), employee and worker 22 (36.1%), positive family history 44 (72.1%), positive human leukocyte antigen (HLAB27-61) (100%), inflammatory back pain 47 (77%), rheumatologist 29 (47.5%). The average year’s DD is 6.48. A statistically significant positive correlation was detected between the DD and age, age at diagnosis but, a negative correlation was found between the DD time and, age at symptom onset. Conclusion: The Time lag between the onset of symptoms of AS and the final diagnosis in Sulaymaniyah was 6.48 years. (HLA-B27), age, age at diagnosis, education level, occupation, 1st specialist, 1st symptom at onset of disease and family history are the factors that affect delayed diagnosis in Sulaymaniyah patients with AS.
Effectiveness of the Concept Map in Nursing Education; Developing a Tool for Student Opinions
Authors: Tarım Saadet Lale , Boy Yasemin , Şanlıtürk Döndü
Published: January 2023

Background: To test the effectiveness of concept maps used in the education of nursing students in the field of health, we need to use measurement tools. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to develop "Scale for the Effectiveness of Concept Maps in Nursing Education (SECMNE)". Methods: This was a methodological instrument development study. This study was conducted in a university’s health of nursing department in Tokat, Turkey, between September and December 2019. The universe of this study, which used a methodological design, consisted of third and fourth-year nursing students, and the sample size was 174. The item pool was formed with 86 items. The content validity was assessed by 9 experts. The 86-item draft scale that had a 4-point Likert type scoring system. Content validity ratio (CVR), Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test, Bartlett test, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach’s alpha, and Pearson product-moment correlation analysis techniques were used for the validity and reliability analyses of the scale. Results: The scale consists of 3 subscales (integration of information, integration of the care plan, perception) and 30 items. Scale’s Cronbach alpha is 0.97. Conclusion: The scale developed in this study was concluded to be a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to measure the effectiveness of the concept maps in nursing education. The SECMNE can help nursing student identify the lack of knowledge and negative attitudes about concept map in nursing education and prepare nursing care plan.
Pneumonia in COVID-19 Without Lower Respiratory Symptoms: A Case Report
Authors: Abolghasemi Reyhaneh , Saeedi Masoumeh
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The main symptoms of new coronavirus in patients are fever or chills, tiredness, and dry cough. In this case, we reported a woman who got involved in COVID-19 pneumonia with gastrointestinal instead of lower respiratory symptoms. Case Presentation: A 67 years old woman was referred to an outpatient clinic in Tehran with fever, chills, sneezing, tiredness, severe nausea, anorexia, and diarrhea. She did not have a cough, dyspnea, or chest pain and her lung sound was normal. According to the blood O2 saturation decreasing, C-reactive protein increasing, and the lung imaging findings, she was admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis in the infectious care department of a hospital. The 2019-nCoV real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) intranasal assay was negative. She was treated with intranasal oxygen therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, and prednisone. After one week she was discharged in generally good condition and quarantined for two weeks later. After 25 days the COVID-19 IgM and IgG antibodies were in positive ranges. Conclusion: Severe fatigue, mainly in elders caused the inability to cough, and light inspiration force especially in the lower lung lobes could explain the normal lung sounds in the physical examination. Also, we hypothesized that reverse circulation of the virus may occur from the gastro intestine to the respiratory system. The gut-lung microbial imbalance may affect the severity in patients with extrapulmonary symptoms, especially in old ages. Furthermore, damage to the vagus nerve along the path in the proximity to lungs infected with COVID-19 can cause nausea without gastrointestinal involvement.
Blacks’ Diminished Salience of Age as a Determinant of Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Disease
Authors: Assari Shervin , Najand Babak , Ayoubian Ali
Published: January 2023

Background: Age is a major determinant of chronic respiratory disease (CRD). This is important because CRD have a main role in shaping morbidity and mortality of individuals and populations. However, less research is done on whether age-related changes in development of CRD differ across diverse racial groups. Objectives: Using a conceptual model that considers race as a proxy of racism rather than genetics and attributing racial differences to sociological rather than biological differences, this study was conducted to explore racial differences in the effects of age on CRD. Based on Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) framework, we expect diminished relevance of risk and resources for marginalized people due to racism, segregation, and social stratification. Methods: Using data from baseline population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) Adults data, we included 23761 adults. The independent variable was age treated as a categorical variable. The primary outcome was presence of any CRD including asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Sex and education were the covariates. Race, as a proxy of racism, was the moderator. To analyze the data, we used logistic regression mode with and without interaction term between age and race. Results: Higher age was associated with higher odds of CRD, while sex, and socioeconomic status (SES) was controlled. In line with the MDRs framework, the positive association between age and CRD was weaker for Black than White adults. Conclusion: Under racism, age loses some of its effect as a major determinant of CRD across racialized groups
Comparing the Efficacy of Amitriptyline and Melatonin on Tinnitus Treatment
Authors: Chitsaz Ahmad , Rajol Dezfouli Bahareh , Rezaeian Ahmad
Published: January 2023

Background: Tinnitus is described as the perception of sounds occurring in one or both ears or inside the human head without external auditory stimuli. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of amitriptyline and melatonin in the treatment of tinnitus. Methods: This study was a randomized double-blind clinical trial of 60 patients referred to the neurology clinics of Kashani and Al-Zahra hospitals in Isfahan, Iran in 2020. Each patient was randomly assigned 1 code. Patients first filled in the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) and visual analogue scales (VAS) questionnaires and were given either one of the two drugs (melatonin and amitriptyline) for 6 weeks. After collecting the desired information using an independent t test and paired t test in SPSS 26 software and error level of 0.05 the results were analyzed. Results: Thirty patients were in the amitriptyline group and 30 patients were in the melatonin group, of which 25 were men (41.7%) and 35 were women (58.3%) with a minimum age of 18 years and a maximum of 65 years. There was no significant difference between the reduction of tinnitus before and after taking the drugs based on VAS scale in amitriptyline and melatonin groups (P=0.234), however there was a significant difference between the effect of two amitriptyline and melatonin drugs on the reduction of tinnitus based on the THI questionnaire (P=0.018). Conclusion: The rate of tinnitus in patients decreased for 6 weeks with the use of amitriptyline and melatonin, but amitriptyline had a better effect on reducing the complications and pain of tinnitus.
Prevalence of Vertebral Compression Fracture Among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Sulaymaniyah
Authors: Mohammed Hemn Hassan , Merza Raouf Rahim
Published: January 2023

Background: The risk of fractured vertebral increases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis as they are more likely to suffer from osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Objectives: This study aimed to investigating the rate and risk factors of vertebral fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: We recruited 201 patients aged between 30 and 70 who attended the rheumatology department at Shahid Hemn Teaching Hospital in Sulaymaniyah, between January and September 2022. Medical records were reviewed for disease and treatment characteristics while also clinically evaluated by a rheumatologist. Spinal radiographs were assessed by two experienced radiologists blinded to patients’ clinical diagnosis and status. Compression fractures were classified by using the Genant semiquantitative method, and the type of fracture was classified as wedged fracture, biconcave fracture, or crushed fracture. Results: Of the 201 included participants, 151 were female, and 50 were male. The BMI of women was higher than men by nearly four points (P<0.001). Most women were also illiterate (68/151, 45.0%) and unemployed (139/151, 92.1%). Hypertension (28.4%) and diabetes mellitus (14.4%) were the most reported comorbidities. Women were more likely to have higher DAS28 scores while men had more vertebral fractures (P=0.003). The probability of fractures increased with age, male sex, and illiteracy compared to primary school, osteopenia, and osteoporosis through simple and multiple logistic regression models. Conclusion: With at least one fracture affects females and males at a rate of 27.8% and 52.0%, respectively. Also reported that age, male sex, illiteracy, osteopenia, and osteoporosis significantly increase the risk of fractures.
Adjuvant Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine is Effective and Safe for Postoperative Pain Management and Rehabilitation in Gynecology Surgery: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Ndikontar Raymond , Bengono Bengono Roddy Stephane , Amengle Albert Ludovic , Tochie Joel Noutakdie , Jemea Bonaventure , Mbengono Junette Metogo , Etoundi Paul Owono , Ze Minkande Jacqueline
Published: January 2023

Background: There is scant data on the effectiveness and safety of adjuvant perioperative intravenous (IV) lidocaine in procuring postoperative analgesia and rehabilitation in gynecology surgery in low-resource settings. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of IV lidocaine on postoperative pain and rehabilitation gynecology surgery. Methods: We carried out a randomized single-blinded controlled trial from April to August 2017 (5 months) at the Yaoundé Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, Cameroon. The study population was made up of ASA 1 and 2, women admitted for elective gynecological surgery under general anesthesia divided into two groups of 17 patients: those to receive IV lidocaine and those to receive normal saline as placebo both intra-and postoperatively as an adjuvant to standard care. The variables studied included the additional doses of fentanyl, postoperative pain, side effects of lidocaine, time to first bowel sounds, the ease with which patients were mobilized and patient satisfaction. Results: Compared to patients in the placebo group, those in the lidocaine group had fewer mean amounts of fentanyl reinjections (P<0.0001), shorter recovery time (P=0.0044), reported lesser pain in the immediate postoperative period (P=0.012) till the 3rd postoperative hour (P<0.001), had more early postoperative bowel sounds (94.1% vs. 11.8%), rehabilitated earlier (P<0.001) and were more satisfied with pain management (P=0.001). The lone observed side effect of IV lidocaine was tolerable bradycardia in six (35.3%) patients. Conclusion: Adjuvant IV lidocaine can be effectively used in gynecological surgery, with the advantage of better postoperative analgesia, quicker rehabilitation and minimal side effects.
Investigating the Effect of Post-Delivery Telephone Counseling on the Rate of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Infants
Authors: Hassanpour Kazem , Vejdani Marjan , Nikanjam Mohammad , Jalili Akbarian Mehdi , Davoudi-Monfared Esmat , Amiri Parastoo
Published: January 2023

Background: Owing to the crucial role of nutrition with breast milk for both the mother and infant, the implementation of programs that support breastfeeding seems essential. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of post-delivery telephone counseling on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding among infants. Methods: This study, as a randomized clinical trial, investigated 170 women who delivered their children in the Sabzevar Shahidan Mobini hospital, Iran in 2017. After acquiring the written informed consent, the researchers randomly assigned the subjects into two groups, including the telephone counseling recipient group (intervention) and the telephone counseling non-recipient group (control). The data collection instruments were questionnaires and checklists. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS 18 software. Results: The findings of the study showed that 73.8% of the counseling non-recipient group had exclusive breastfeeding, and 26.2% did not have exclusive breastfeeding. In the telephone counseling recipient group, 90.4% exclusively breastfed their infants, while 9.6% did not. Thus, there was a statistically significant difference between the two understudy groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: This research revealed that although mothers were trained how to breastfeed when they were pregnant or were discharged from hospitals, and exclusive breastfeeding was emphasized, implementing the counseling program, even telephonic, and responding mothers’ questions regarding breastfeeding and prevalent problems in this period could be helpful in the first two months after delivery.
A comprehensive review on nutritive value, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activities of Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora
Authors: Sahu Akankshya , Nayak Gayatree , Bhuyan Sanat Kumar , Bhuyan Ruchi , Kar Dattatreya , Kuanar Ananya
Published: January 2023

The genus Ocimum has many species belonging to the Lamiaceae family that are used to treat various diseases and disorders. Ocimum basilicum has been found to contain over 200 chemical components in different plant parts. The bioactive components showed the presence of α-linalool, camphor, limonene, thymol, citral, β-linalool, estragole, etc. O. basilicum exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiulcer, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial, anticancer, wound-healing activities, etc. They have also been used to treat fevers, digestive issues, stomach cramps, nausea, gastritis, migraine, diarrhea. This review aims to provide information about the chemical compounds and biological activities of O. basilicum var thyrsiflora (Thai basil). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review outlining the innovative ethnomedicinal approach to oral health care that, through its strong phytoconstituents, has the potential to improve modern medicine.
Reviewing the reported pharmacognostic and pharmacological investigations on Tecoma stans Juss. ex Kunth
Authors: Khattab Asmaa , Awad Nagwa E , Abdel Fadeel Doaa , Fadel Maha
Published: January 2023

This review is destined for a comprehensive assessment of the phytochemistry and medicinal properties of Tecoma stans, a widely used plant in folk cultures, as a traditionally safe and effective treatment for different diseases and complications. The attainable and reachable sources of T. stans confirmed its origin, ethnopharmacological properties, and therapeutic medicinal uses. Besides a hundred chemical compounds that have been isolated, the main active constituents are flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and fatty acids. T. stans exerted many medicinal benefits, including antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and nephroprotective properties. However, there is a shortage of in vivo studies, especially adequate dosage and toxicity studies. More studies should be carried out for nutritional data. This review represents a scientific understanding of clinical correlations and applications of phytocompounds from T. stans in protecting and treating many complaints and disorders.
Phytochemistry, traditional uses, and pharmacological activities of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem: A review
Authors: Arsyad Anggun Selvya , Nurrochmad Arief , Fakhrudin Nanang
Published: January 2023

Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem is usually found in tropical and subtropical areas, used in traditional medicine for various health problems, including pain, rheumatism, diarrhea, hypertension, infection, skin allergies, anemia, wound, hernia, and hemorrhoids. This review aims to present the phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities of F. elastica. A literature search employing PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and Library was done to retrieve the relevant articles. F. elastica is a good source of traditional medicine for the treatment of various types of diseases, especially for microbial infections and preeclampsia. Quercitrin and myricetrin, having strong antioxidant activity, as well as ficusamide, ficusoside B, elastiquinone, elasticoside, and elasticamide are compounds, which have potential to be developed as new drugs for these conditions. In sum, the data regarding the pharmacological and safety aspects of this plant and its components are still limited. However, F. elastica is a natural product that has beneficial to human health and might be a good source for the preparation of new drugs.
Anti-inflammatory effect of Rhododendron brachycarpum D. Don ex G. Don leaves extract on dermatitis
Authors: Kang Jinjoo , Kim YoungJae , Chung Jae-Min , Kim Namkyung , Choi Young-Ae , Kim Eun-Nam , Jeong Gil-Saeng , Kim Sang-Yong , Kim Sang-Hyun
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Rhododendron brachycarpum D. Don ex G. Don(RbGD) leaves have traditionally been used to treat diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, and skin ailments. Although RbGD leaves are used as a medicinal plant, there is no scientific evidence to support skin treatment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to look into the anti-inflammatory effect of an ethanolic extract of RbGD on skin disease, specifically atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods: The anti-inflammatory effect of RbGD ethanol leaf extract (RbGDE) on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-activated keratinocytes was evaluated using MTT, qPCR, ELISA, and Western blot Procedures. The therapeutic effects of RbGDE were evaluated in vivo inflammatory responses by histological observation, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and ELISA using the 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)/Dermatophagoides farina extract (DfE)-induced AD-like skin mouse model. Results: RbGDE showed the protective effect against irritating and stimulating substances (H2 O2 and TNF-α/IFN-γ) and inhibited TNF-α/IFN-γ-activated keratinocytes by inhibiting the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Furthermore, topical RbGDE treatment reduced the AD features such as thickened skin, erythema, immune cells infiltration (eosinophils and mast cells), and AD-related cytokines (IL-12a, IL-1β, IL-4, and TSLP) in the ear tissues of DNCB/DfE-induced mice. The RbGDE also reduced histamine and immunoglobulins (Igs) levels in the serum, including DfE-specific IgE, total IgE, and IgG2a. Conclusion: RbGD leaf extract had an anti-inflammatory effect on dermatitis by reducing inflammatory mediators, indicating that it might be used to treat skin disease.
Phytochemical characterization and immunomodulatory effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts and essential oil of Moroccan Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae) on human neutrophils
Authors: El Faqer Othman , Rais Samira , Elkoraichi Ismail , El Amrani Abdelaziz , Dakir Mohamed , Zaid Younes , Mtairag El Mostafa
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The leaves of Moroccan bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) have been used in several forms of extracts to cure rheumatic pain due to their anti-inflammatory properties. Our work aimed to evaluate the effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts, as well as the essential oil (EO) from laurel, on the microbicidal activity of human neutrophils when compared to the effect of eucalyptol. Methods: The extracts (ethanolic and aqueous) were subject to phytochemical profiling and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The EO obtained by hydrodistillation from laurel was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The immunomodulatory effects on neutrophil microbicidal activity of the extracts, EO, and eugenol were carried out by 3-(4,5-diméthylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphényltétrazolium (MTT) assay. Results: The phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, coumarins, phenols, flavone aglycones, and tannins. HPLC analysis showed the presence of numerous phenolic molecules such as syringic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, caffeine, and quercetin. The chemical composition of EO revealed that the major components were eucalyptol (44.14%), α-terpinyl acetate (11.11%), and β-phellandrene (6.74%). Aqueous and ethanolic extracts and EO revealed a significant and dose-dependent ability to inhibit neutrophils microbicidal activity with maximal inhibition at 200 µg/mL concentration with 30.42%, 24.7%, and 38.13%, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: The obtained results revealed the immunomodulatory properties of laurel as a potential natural anti-inflammatory agent that would also allow the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
Identification of bioactive constituents of chloroform fraction from Annona muricata leaf, its antioxidant activity and inhibitory potential against carbohydrate-hydrolyzing α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities linked to type II diabetes mellitus: In vitro study
Authors: Olasehinde Oluwaseun Ruth , Afolabi Olakunle Bamikole
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Secondary metabolites from plants have been found to play an important role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the chemical components of Annona muricata leaf chloroform fraction (CFAm) and its in vitro antioxidant properties, as well as inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymatic activities. Methods: Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was engaged in the identification of phytochemical constituents. Antioxidant activities such as DPPH free radical scavenging ability, reducing power capacity, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, singlet oxygen scavenging capacity, as well as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition were carried out using standard in vitro methods. Results: GC-MS analysis of CFAm revealed the presence of 23 phytochemicals, out of which 5 compounds had the highest % compositions (i.e., octadecanoic acid (20.35%), 2-propanone, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) (12.04%), isocomene (22.60%), 9, 12, 15 octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (28. 98%), and quercetin, 5TMS derivative (18.28%)). Also, CFAm demonstrated a significant (P<0.05) inhibition against DPPH (IC50= 26.33±1.39 mg/mL), with OH free radical scavenging capacity (65.46 ± 1.39 mg/100 g), singlet oxygen scavenging capacity (55.24 ± 1.22 mg/100 g), and showed ferric reducing power (84.52 ± 2.84 mg/100 g). Also, CFAm exhibited a significant (P<0.05) inhibition against α-glucosidase (IC50= 71.06 ±1.45 mg/ mL) and α-amylase (IC50= 73.88±1.58 mg/mL) in a concentration-dependent manners. Conclusion: The remarkable properties demonstrated by CFAm, which are essential for the management of DM, could probably be credited to the presence of the various identified phytonutrients.
Nigella sativa L. oil: Study of its toxicity, antiradical activity, and effect on circulating xanthine oxidoreductase
Authors: Asma Mosbah , Hanane Khither , Camélia Mosbah , Abdelkader Slimani , Abdelkader Mahrouk , Hanane Boucherit , Zaineb Maameri
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Nigella sativa L. is a widely used medicinal plant throughout the world. The low toxic effects and low price of this plant make it an excellent treatment choice for many diseases. The present study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of N. sativa L. total oil (TO) and its neutral lipid fraction (NLF) via the estimation of circulating xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) level and anti-XOR antibodies titer. Methods: Antiradical activities of TO and NLF, in vitro, were carried out using three reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide. In vivo study was conducted to determine the possible protective effects of TO and NLF against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats feeding Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet in both sera and liver homogenate. Before conducting the hepatoprotective effects, we assessed the toxicity of our extracts using the same animal model. The administrated doses of 400 mg/kg for TO and 300 mg/kg for NLF showed no toxic effects. Results: ELISA assay indicated a significant increase (P<0.001) in the level of XOR and the titer of anti-XOR antibodies in rats treated with ethanol compared to the control group. After treatment with TO and NLF, the titer of anti-XOR antibodies and the level of XOR decreased significantly compared to the control group. Conclusion: XOR plays an important role in alcohol liver pathologies as a major source of free radicals. In addition, TO and NLF have significant potential as liver protective agents and might be utilized as new antioxidant therapeutics.
The protective effect of Boesenbergia rotunda extract on cisplatin-exposed human embryonic kidney-293 cells by inhibiting the expression of kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase associated-lipocalin, NF-κB, and caspases
Authors: Sujana Dani , Saptarini Nyi Mekar , Sumiwi Sri Adi , Levita Jutti
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major problem in platinum-based chemotherapy patients. Boesenbergia rotunda can induce the generation of osteoblast cells and significantly increase pancreatic antioxidant enzyme activities; therefore, this study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of cisplatin on human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells and the protective impact of the ethanol extract of B. rotunda (EEBR) against such conditions. Methods: Cytotoxicity was assessed using the CCK-8/WST-8 reagent, while the protective activity was assayed on 1 µg/mL cisplatin-exposed HEK-293 cells by quantifying the expression of nephrotoxicity biomarkers, e.g., kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) and neutrophil gelatinase associated-lipocalin (NGAL), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), apoptotic caspase-3, and caspase-7 genes, in cisplatin-exposed HEK-293 cells. Results: Cisplatin was confirmed as highly toxic against the HEK-293 cells (IC50 = 2.5145 μg/ mL), whereas quercetin was of moderate toxicity (IC50 = 185.6225 μg/mL). EEBR revealed an IC50 = 40.0655 μg/mL. Moreover, EEBR concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL confirmed its remarkable protective activity against cisplatin-exposed HEK-293 cells (P=0.031, 0.014, 0.046, respectively) compared to the cisplatin-treated cell lines without treatment. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that a higher concentration of EEBR significantly suppressed the expression of Kim-1, while lower concentrations of EEBR significantly inhibited NGAL and NF-κB genes. Higher concentrations of EEBR reduced the expression of caspase-3. All concentrations of EEBR stimulated the expression of caspase-7. Conclusion: The significant protective activity observed in this study indicated that EEBR might be beneficial in protecting kidney cells against cisplatin.
Curcuma longa extract inhibits the activity of mushroom tyrosinase and the growth of murine skin cancer B16F10 cells
Authors: Firmansyah Deni , Sumiwi Sri Adi , Saptarini Nyi Mekar , Levita Jutti
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Tyrosinase is considered an important target of melanin biosynthesis inhibitors. Curcuma longa L. has been used in the Javanese traditional whitening cosmetics. This work aimed to explore the effect of C. longa extracts on mushroom tyrosinase activity and the cytotoxicity of the extract towards murine skin cancer B16F10 cells. Methods: C. longa rhizomes were cold-extracted using ethanol 70% and yielded 15.3% w/w of extract (ECL). The presence of curcuminoids in ECL was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). ECL was assessed for its inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase activity using L-DOPA as substrate and kojic acid as the positive control drug. The cytotoxicity of ECL and curcumin was studied in B16F10 cells. Results: Triplet peaks of RP-HPLC chromatogram revealed that curcuminoids were available in ECL. The level of bisdemethoxycurcumin was 6.3306% (tR = 12.646 minutes), demethoxycurcumin was 3.1414% (tR = 13.675 minutes), and curcumin was 8.3754% (tR = 14.802 minutes). ECL had a weak inhibitory activity towards mushroom tyrosinase with IC50 = 564.8 µg/mL, while the IC50 = of kojic acid was 55.70 µg/mL. Both ECL and kojic acid had moderate toxicity to B16F10 cells (IC50 survival growth rates were 98.06 µg/mL and 65.54 µg/ mL, respectively). Curcumin was highly toxic to B16F10 cells (IC50 = 14.42 µg/mL). Conclusion: Taken together, ECL might be able to prevent melanogenesis via the inhibition of tyrosinase activity, and interestingly, it could inhibit the growth of murine skin cancer B16F10 cells. However, further studies are needed to verify its antimelanogenesis and anticancer properties.
Protective effect of aqueous fruit extract of Mondia whitei against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Anadozie Scholastica O. , Adewale Olusola B. , Akawa Oluwole B. , Olayinka Juliet N. , Osukoya Olukemi A. , Umanah Margaret M. , Olaoye Oyindamola A. , Oludoro Oluwatosin S.
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels is rich in antioxidant activity and is known for its nutritional and medicinal uses. This study evaluated the protective effect of M. whitei fruit against cadmium-induced hepatic damage in rats. Methods: Twenty-five albino (Wistar strain) rats were randomly assigned into five equal groups. Rats in group I served as control, rats in group II were intoxicated with 5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) cadmium chloride (CdCl2 ) for 5 days via an oral route, while groups III, IV, and V were respectively administered with 5 mg/kg b.w. CdCl2 for 5 days co-treated with 70 mg/kg b.w silymarin, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w. of aqueous fruit extract of M. whitei (AEMW) for 7 days. Results: Cadmium caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the concentration of cadmium in the liver as well as liver function markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and bilirubin. In addition, a significant (P<0.05) elevation in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and a reduction in the nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidant status were noted in the CdCl2 -exposed rats; hepatic degeneration and congested portal area were also noted. These changes were, however, reduced in the cadmium-intoxicated rats co-treated with silymarin, 250 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg AEMW. Conclusion: Our result suggests that AEMW exerts protective effects against CdCl2 -induced hepatic damage in rats, and this might be due to the presence of phytochemicals in the plant capable of scavenging oxidative stress caused by cadmium.
In vivo and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant, antihemolytic, acute toxicity effects and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of an aqueous extract of Moroccan Punica granatum L.
Authors: Elkoraichi Ismail , Latif Mounia , El Faqer Othman , Elaje Rajaa , Thoume Abderrahmane , Mtairag El Mostafa , Rais Samira , Daoudi Fouad
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The use of pomegranates in Moroccan pharmacopeia is due to their healing and nutritional properties because of their richness in secondary molecules. The following study analyses the composition of the aqueous extract of Punica granatum peel and evaluates in vivo and in vitro antioxidant effects, hemolytic protection, and acute toxicity. Methods: Quantification of the plant extract was realized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The hemolytic assay was used for erythrocyte protection, while the in vitro antioxidant effect was evaluated by 2, 20-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoneline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and reducing ferric power (RFP) assays. The in-vivo antioxidant activity was tested by measuring levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in serum. The toxicological study was tested by oral administration of the extract to four groups of mice for 21 days, followed by a histopathological examination of the spleen. Results: HPLC analysis showed the presence of some phenolic compounds such as coumarin, caffeic, gallic and syringic acids. The IC50 of the antioxidant assays were 254.49 ± 62.17 μg/mL and 40.265 ± 2.9 μg/mL for ABTS and reducing power, respectively. Furthermore, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay showed the lowest levels at 150 mg/mL concentration. All of the concentrations used for hemolytic protection did not exceed 15% of hemolysis. Moreover, the toxicity test showed no sign of mortality, signs of weakness, or weight loss; also the histopathological examination of the spleen tissues showed the absence of any damage. Conclusion: The peel extract of P. granatum showed good potential and could be exploited as a natural antioxidant and antihemolytic remedy, leading to the development of new drugs.
Clinicopathological and prognostic value of Ki-67 expression in oral malignant melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moltajaei Mohammad Hossein , Pourzare Mehrbani Solmaz , Motahari Paria , Rezapour Ramin
Published: January 2023

Background. Ki-67 is one of the new biological markers with clinical value in the pathology and prognosis of oral melanoma. It is a nuclear protein involved in regulating cell proliferation. Some studies have suggested an association between Ki-67 and poor survival in patients with oral melanoma. This systematic review was undertaken to clarify this issue. Methods. Databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using relevant English keywords from 1988 to April 2022. STATA software version 16 and random models were used for meta-analysis. Results. Eleven articles were included in this systematic review, six of which were selected for meta-analysis. The mean expression of the Ki-67 index in patients with oral melanoma was estimated at 43.81% (28.66‒58.95 with 95% CI, I2=94.2, P<0.001). In addition, the results showed a significant relationship between Ki-67 expression and the prognosis of oral melanoma lesions. Increased expression of this marker weakens the prognosis and decreases the survival rate. Conclusion. High expression of Ki-67 may serve as a predictive biomarker for poor prognosis in patients with malignant oral melanoma. Therefore, classifying this malignancy by Ki-67 expression may be considered for therapy regimen selection and integrated management.
Effect of the posterior stop on temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Jamali Zahra , Hadilou Negin , Nourizadeh Amin
Published: January 2023

Background. Temporomandibular disorders have common signs and symptoms, including pain in the masticatory muscles, limitation or deviation in a mandibular range of motion, and other common patient complaints, such as headache and earache. The main focus of this study was to collect comprehensive and integrated data on the effect of the posterior stop on temporomandibular joint disorders, as well as prevention, treatment, and follow-up care for the patients. Methods. The authors conducted the search in PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, Medline, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Magiran, IranDoc, SID, and Iranmedex databases for relevant articles. A list of selected study sources, related conferences, and grey literature were manually searched in addition to the databases mentioned above. A 21-year time limit was imposed (2000-2021). Results. Finally, 16 articles were selected to be reviewed in this systematic review. The designs of the included studies were heterogeneous, and due to the low number of studies covered, the authors could not carry out a meta-analysis. Conclusion. The causes of temporomandibular disorders are multifactorial and complex. Therefore, it is difficult to investigate the relationship between this disorder and predictors. The results of the present study indicate that to determine the effect of the posterior stop on temporomandibular joint disorders, more clinical trials and case-control studies should be conducted.
Antimicrobial effects of different concentrations of simvastatin versus triple antibiotic paste on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms at different stages of development
Authors: Rahimi Saeed , Ghasemi Negin , Davoudi Paria , Taleb Isun , Farajollahi Mehran , Rahimi Darehchi Naghmeh , Kazeminejad Ezatolah
Published: January 2023

Background. This study assessed the antimicrobial effects of different concentrations of simvastatin versus triple antibiotic paste (TAP) on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms at different stages of development. Methods. In this in vitro study, 70 human single-rooted mature premolars were decoronated, instrumented, and autoclave-sterilized. Next, an E. faecalis suspension was prepared and inoculated into the canals to obtain 4- and 6-week biofilms. After ensuring biofilm formation, the samples in each group were randomly assigned to 5 subgroups (n=12): 1 mg/mL TAP, 10 mg/ mL TAP, 1 mg/mL simvastatin, 10 mg/mL simvastatin, and positive control (phosphate-buffered saline solution). The medicaments were applied in the canals, and the teeth were incubated for one week. Dentin samples were collected by a rotary file, cultured, and the number of E. faecalis colonies was counted. The Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests were used for data analysis (α=0.05). Results. There were significant differences in colony counts between the two concentrations of TAP and the control group against both 4- and 6-week biofilms (P<0.05). The antibacterial effect of 10 mg/mL TAP and simvastatin was stronger than that of 1 mg/mL concentration against the 4- and 6-week E. faecalis biofilms (P<0.05). Furthermore, 10 mg/mL TAP and simvastatin were more effective against the 4-week biofilms than the 6-week biofilms (P<0.05). Conclusion. According to the present results and since biofilms may remain viable in the root canal system for weeks to months, applying 10 mg/mL TAP and simvastatin might be more effective.
Comparison of retention and denture base adaptation between conventional and 3D-printed complete dentures
Authors: Emera Radwa Mohsen Kamal , Shady Mohamed , Alnajih Mahmoud Almabrouk
Published: January 2023

Background. In recent years, complete denture construction has been revolutionized using computer-aided designing and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology. This clinical study compared the retention and denture base adaptation of 3D-printed complete dentures fabricated using dimethacrylate-based resins with a photoinitiator versus conventional complete dentures. Methods. Ten completely edentulous patients were nominated for this study. Each patient received two complete dentures. One complete denture was conventionally fabricated, while the other was digitally fabricated through 3D printing of dimethacrylate-based resins with a photoinitiator. Denture base adaptation for both dentures was evaluated using surface matching software. Denture retention was also evaluated using a digital force meter at the time of complete denture insertion (T0 ), after three months (T3 ) and six months (T6 ) of denture use. Results. Regarding adaptation (mean misfit values), a statistically insignificant difference was detected between the two differently fabricated complete dentures. In addition, comparable satisfactory retention values were observed for both conventionally fabricated and 3D-printed dentures; however, there was an insignificant increase in retention over time. Conclusion. 3D-printed complete dentures fabricated using dimethacrylate-based resins could be a promising alternative to conventionally fabricated complete dentures with satisfactory denture base adaptation and retention.