bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A sensitive platform for DNA detection based on organic electrochemical transistor and nucleic acid self-assembly signal amplification
Authors: Chen Chaohui , Song Qingyuan , Lu Wangting , Zhang Zhengtao , Yu Yanhua , Liu Xiaoyun , He Rongxiang
Published: November 2021

A new method has been developed for DNA detection by integrating hybridization chain reaction signal amplification with organic electrochemical transistor device for the first time.
Cubatic structural transformation of the packing of granular cylinders
Authors: Ding Yunhao , Gong Dianjinfeng , Yang Jing , Xu Zhen , Wang Zhichao , Li Jianqi , Hu Bingwen , Xia Chengjie
Published: November 2021

Packing structures of granular cylinders are reconstructed using MRI techniques. A continuous transformation from disordered to ordered states with a cubatic symmetry is explained via effective thermodynamic and statistical mechanical models.
Thermodynamic stability screening of IR-photonic processed multication halide perovskite thin films
Authors: Sánchez Sandy , Carlsen Brian , Škorjanc Viktor , Flores Natalie , Serafini Patricio , Mora-Seró Iván , Schouwink Pascal , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Graetzel Michel , Hagfeldt Anders
Published: November 2021

Two hundred sixty-six films processed with flash infrared annealing were optically and structurally characterized. We determine the optimum conditions for the formation of the mixed-cations halide perovskite active phase.
Understanding the high performance of PdSn–TaN(tantalum nitride)/C electrocatalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction: coupling nitrides and oxophilic elements
Authors: Ye Na , Zhao Pengcheng , Qi Xiaoying , Sheng Wenchao , Jiang Zhao , Fang Tao
Published: November 2021

Palladium-modified transition metal nitrides (TaN) are investigated as electrochemical methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) catalysts. Combined in situ ATR-SEIRAS and DFT results demonstrate PdSn–TaN/C as an effective material to enhance MOR activity.
Atomic Co–N4 and Co nanoparticles confined in COF@ZIF-67 derived core–shell carbon frameworks: bifunctional non-precious metal catalysts toward the ORR and HER
Authors: Liu Minghao , Xu Qing , Miao Qiyang , Yang Shuai , Wu Ping , Liu Guojuan , He Jun , Yu Chengbing , Zeng Gaofeng
Published: November 2021

The core–shell structured carbon frameworks, containing uniform Co nanoparticles and atomic CoN4 sites, were synthesized from TP-BPY-COF@ZIF-67 for the first time, which enable catalyzing the ORR and HER with high activities.
Dynamic structural transformation induced by defects in nano-rod FeOOH during electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Hu Yitian , Zhou Jing , Li Lili , Hu Zhiwei , Yuan Taotao , Jing Chao , Liu Renduo , Xi Shibo , Jiang Haiqing , Wang Jian-Qiang , Zhang Linjuan
Published: November 2021

Defects can accelerate and modulate the dynamic structural evolution during the OER process, achieving an ∼8-fold mass activity enhancement.
A perylene diimide-based nanoring architecture for exogenous and endogenous ATP detection: biochemical assay for monitoring phosphorylation of glucose
Authors: Singh Prabhpreet , Sharma Poonam , Sharma Neha , Kaur Satwinderjeet
Published: November 2021

The nanoring architecture of PDI 3 transformed into spherical aggregates to mark ATP detection. PDI 3 was used for exogenous and endogenous detection of ATP and the PDI 3 + ATP complex as a ‘turn-on’ assay to monitor the glycosylation process.
Revisiting syntheses of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in water and lower alcohols and their resistive switching properties
Authors: Mikhailova Mariia A. , Chernyshov Ivan Yu. , Illarionov Georgii A. , Kolchanov Denis S. , Kuchur Oleg A. , Vinogradov Alexandr V. , Morozova Sofia M. , Morozov Maxim I.
Published: November 2021

Hydrolytically synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles demonstrate superior resistive switching.
Efficient blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters based on a boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene acceptor
Authors: Pei Ranran , Liu He , Zhou Changjiang , Miao Jingsheng , Yang Chuluo
Published: November 2021

Efficient blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters based on organic boron-acceptor are developed with high external quantum efficiencies and finely tuned CIE coordinates.
Emotion Valence for Social Communication During Story Retells
Authors: Lieberman Rochel , Creaghead Nancy A. , Raisor-Becker Lesley , Barrière Isabelle , Silbert Noah , Dick Gary L.
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

Children's narratives may differ based on whether they are describing events that elicit positive versus negative emotions and may be more detailed when talking about negative emotions. Understanding how children retell stories representing varied emotions may guide educators in providing opportunities for children to develop social communication. This study examined retells of stories depicting positive versus negative emotions and responses to follow-up questions relating to facets of social communication.

Method:

Video stories depicting positive versus negative emotions were presented to 22 preschool children (ages 4;1–5;3 [years;months]). Macrostructure in the retells (measured by the Index of Narrative Complexity) and talk about emotions (measured by number and variety of emotion words) and action/attempts (rated by a rubric for quality of response) were analyzed.

Results:

The only significant result was the difference between the number of times the macro element, complication, was included in retells, with a greater number in the negative condition.

Conclusion:

The consistent quality of retells across emotion valence suggests that positive and negative emotions may both be used in fictional stories depicting social scenarios to develop opportunities to assess and talk about facets of social communication.
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: The “Trifecta”—Dysphonia, Dysphagia, and Dyspnea
Authors: Adessa Michelle
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

A clinical case of unilateral vocal fold paralysis is presented with case history, auditory-perceptual analysis and accompanying audio files and ratings, videostroboscopic files and ratings, and acoustic analysis, as well as impressions and plan for treatment.

Method:

A single clinical case of unilateral vocal fold paralysis is presented for learning purposes.

Results:

Clinical keys are provided for learning.

Conclusion:

Learners will be able to follow a clinical case to aid in perceptual, videostroboscopic, acoustic, and voice assessment and goal and treatment planning.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16799563
Effects of radiative losses on the relativistic jets of high-mass microquasars
Authors: Charlet A. , Walder R. , Marcowith A. , Folini D. , Favre J. M. , Dieckmann M. E.
Published: November 2021

Context.Relativistic jets are ubiquitous in astrophysics. High-mass microquasars (HMMQs) are useful laboratories for studying these jets because they are relatively close and evolve over observable timescales. The ambient medium into which the jet propagates, however, is far from homogeneous. Corresponding simulation studies to date consider various forms of a wind-shaped ambient medium, but typically neglect radiative cooling and relativistic effects.

Aims.We investigate the dynamical and structural effects of radiative losses and system parameters on relativistic jets in HMMQs, from the jet launch to its propagation over several tens of orbital separations.

Methods.We used 3D relativistic hydrodynamical simulations including parameterized radiative cooling derived from relativistic thermal plasma distribution to carry out parameter studies around two fiducial cases inspired by Cygnus X-1 and Cygnus X-3.

Results.Radiative losses are found to be more relevant in Cygnus X-3 than Cygnus X-1. Varying jet power, jet temperature, or the wind of the donor star tends to have a larger impact at early times, when the jet forms and instabilities initially develop, than at later times when the jet has reached a turbulent state.

Conclusions.Radiative losses may be dynamically and structurally relevant at least for Cygnus X-3 and thus should be examined in more detail.
Noise pollution at school environment: review study of China and South Africa cases
Authors: El Yamlahi Chahdi Chaimae , El Wahbi Bouazza , El Madhi Youssef , Darif Hajar , El Faylali Hanan , Soulaymani Abdelmajid
Published: November 2021

Today, noise pollution in educational institutions presents a serious problematic pushing the world to work on finding durable solutions. Many recent studies have been conducted in many countries for the purpose of reducing and maintaining ambient noise levels inside the school environment to the adequate level, to provide good teaching and learning conditions for both teachers and students. The two articles treating noise pollution at school environment in South Africa and in China, were analysed in this review in order to present different solutions to this problem and their adequacy to maintain noise pollution in scholar environment.
Nosocomial infections and infectious risks related to hospital environment
Authors: Saouide El Ayne Nabila , Hami Hinde , Hamama Samir , Coulibaly Sanou Khô , Mokhtari Abdelrhani , Soulaymani Abdelmajid
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The fight against nosocomial infections, particularly those linked to environmental germs, is one of the priorities of health establishments. Microbiological control of the hospital environment is an essential element of the strategy for the fight against these infections. The aim of this study is to determine the microbial ecology of hospital surfaces and medical devices. Methods: This is a study, which was carried out in the El Idrissi hospital in Kénitra. For the microbiological control of surfaces, we opted for the swab technique: the search for specific germs on flat surfaces and in areas that are difficult to access and not flat. Results: Among the bacteria most frequently responsible for isolated nosocomial infections: Bacillus (28%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (27%) were predominant, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (19%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5%), Enterobacter cloacae (3%) and Proteus vulgaris (1%).The overall distribution of germs by department showed their predominance in intensive care units (30%), traumatology (11%), emergencies (11%) and in operating rooms (9%). Conclusion: Periodic microbiological controls must be put in place in order to identify any contamination, to carry out preventive actions, procedures and a fundamental approach for the control of infectious risks in the hospital.
Sensitization Towards Aerosol Optical Properties And Radiative Forcing, Real Case In Morocco
Authors: Ssouaby Somia , Naim Hafida , Tahiri Abdelouahid , Bourekkadi Salmane
Published: November 2021

Mineral dust is one of the most important aerosol components in the Earth’s atmosphere. Desert aerosol constitute the main types of tropospheric aerosols whose optical property uncertainties are still quite important. In this study, we analyse the variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD), Angstrôm Exponent (α), Single Scattering Albedo (ω0) and aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) of desert aerosol recent measurements, for six AERONET sites covering the belt desert areas: Ouarzazate (Morocco), Tamanrasset (Algeria), El Farafra (Egypt), Mezaira (Unites Arab Emirates), Kuwait University (Kuwait), Dalanzadgad (Mongolia). The annual cycle of the aerosol optical depth dialy averages shows variable values due to the changeable weather and the Sahara source. The highests were recorded at the Sahara site (2.2 at Tamanrasset) and (2.9 at Kuwait-University). The spectral single scattering albedo SSA annual averages varies in the interval (0,8-0.95) indicating dominant scattering. Desert aerosol radiative forcing shows always a negative ARF with a maximums registred in July, -90 W/m2 at surface (Mezaira) and -26 W/m2 at the top of the atmosphere (Kuwait) that imply a general trend towards regional warming of the total column atmosphere with a maximum near +55 W/m2 observed in July at UAE.
Influence of the shaper parameters on the characteristics of acceleration pulses reproduced by mechatronic shock machines
Authors: Shtreker Denis , Polishchuck Mikhail , Popov Arkadii
Published: November 2021

In this paper the influence of the shaper parameters on the characteristics of acceleration pulses (peak value and duration) reproduced on mechatronic shock machines is analyzed. A comparison of the acceleration pulses obtained experimentally and by computational methods is presented. Recommendations for clarifying the requirements for methodological calculations of pulse parameters are given. The dependence of the elastic force of the shock pulse shaper on its deformation is presented. The influence of this characteristic on the peak value and duration of the acceleration pulse is estimated. The influence of the height of the shaper on the parameters of the acceleration pulses is analyzed. The concept of a device that allows you to automatically change the height of the shaper to obtain a wider range of acceleration pulses is presented. The interaction of the shock table with the shaper by means of computer modeling is modelled. Conclusions about the dependences of the duration and peak value of the acceleration pulses on the parameters of the shaper (stiffness and height) are drawn. Recommendations for selecting the parameters of the shaper to obtain acceleration pulses with the desired parameters are given.
Analysis of electric consumption: a study in the excavation area of the modern coal mine
Authors: Voronin Vyacheslav , Nepsha Fedor , Ermakov Aleksandr
Published: November 2021

The growth in the power supply of coal mines over the past decades has had a significant impact on their power consumption. The use of outdated materials for assessing the coal mine energy characteristics may lead to large calculation errors. At the same time, the problem of reducing the energy intensity of coal mining does not lose its relevance. However, in order to achieve it, it is necessary to take into account the current level of development of the mechanized complex of excavation areas. The widespread introduction of SCADA systems and the development of methods for big data processing makes it possible to collect large arrays of measurements and study the power consumption of mining equipment. In this paper, on the basis of extensive arrays of electrical load measurements and technological parameters, a statistical analysis of the load of a modern Eickhoff SL 900 longwall shearer of the Kuzbass coal mine is carried out.
Modelling and controlling the process of cutting with complex-geometry tools to improve efficiency of mining machines and plants
Authors: Mikhailov Stanislav , Kovelenov Nikolai , Burdin Pavel
Published: November 2021

Constant quality improvement through automation of production processes is an important prerequisite for increased viability of mining machines and plants. Factors that limit the automation of the cutting machining operations include the problem of controlling the chip formation and chip crushing. Solution of this problem necessitates theoretical description of the material cutting conditions for tools with curvilinear surfaces. The paper describes basic principles of modeling the cutting process using complex-geometry tools with curvilinear rake. The theory is based on the concept of chip formation as a process of inhomogeneous strain in the plastic zone where the chip originates. Based on the analysis of the stress-strain state in the cutting zone, criterial relationships were derived that correlate the geometric parameters of the chip shape and machining conditions of the curvilinear-rake tool. Prerequisites for chip breaking are stability of the chip shape during cutting, stable chip-to-obstacle contact, high chip stiffness and low flexibility. The machining conditions leading to chip fragmentation could be found by solving the strength problem. Through establishing the cause-and-effect relationships of the processes of chip formation, curling and breaking, new approaches to achieving favorable chip shape may be found by exerting deliberate impact on the plastic zone of the chip formation through optimizing the conditions for the chip flow off the tool. The established relationships between the output parameters of the cutting process and process conditions of cutting with a complex-geometry tool offer the way to control the chip flow parameters in various machining operations. The research is aimed at creating scientifically informed design codes and optimization of cutting parameters for tools with curvilinear chip-curling and chip-breaking rake surfaces.
Drill rig with a down-the-hole hammer for regulating the drilling rate by changing the air flow
Authors: Yungmeister D , Gasimov E
Published: November 2021

At present, a lack of efficiency of the rotary drilling intensification can be observed at mining enterprises that employ drill rigs. Due to this, we propose to enhance the rotary drilling using shock loads by installing a down-the-hole (DTH) hammer into the drill string of the rig for roller drilling, for instance, SBSh-250. The paper discusses the issue related to an increase in the drilling rate using a drill rig with DTH hammer and adjustable valve that regulates the air flow. The paper considers different types of drilling in engineering and geological surveys. Rocks were sampled for various types of drilling. The physical and mechanical properties of rocks, which affect the drilling process, were considered. The study focuses on a significant increase in the drilling rate through an increase in the impact power. As part of the study, an improved drill rig with a down-the-hole hammer controlled by a radio receiver was developed. When analyzing the physical and mechanical properties, it was shown that the control of DTH hammer operation enables fast drilling of complex rocks without reducing the drilling rate. An increase in the drilling rate of self-propelled equipment using DTH hammers installed above the drill bit will reduce the cost of drilling and extend the service life of the working tool.
Purification trials of Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil
Authors: Nguyen Minh Nhat , Le Thanh Dat , Nguyen Bao Viet , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan , Pioch Daniel , Mai Huynh Cang
Published: November 2021

Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil is a non-food oil used in traditional medicine, and with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. However, this oil, obtained by pressing the nuts, is being used as crude oil, in spite of a variable but large amount of non-lipids (called resin) being entrained. Although these should not be seen as impurities owing to their known bioactivity in many fields, not only they are responsible for the poisonous nature impeding human consumption in addition to bad smell, but they contribute to the poor oil quality, especially low stability and associated short shelf life. The present study aimed at purifying a crude tamanu oil sample through a combination of simple steps: deresination with ethanol, degumming using hot water, neutralization (KOH), bleaching with activated carbon, and deodorization. Ethanol 96% was more efficient for deresinating, compared to methanol, resulting in the extraction of 44–46% w/w of resin within 10 min (temperature 40 °C; oil:ethanol 1:1.5 w/v). Oil quality was checked in the industrial crude sample and in the fully refined product. The applied process strongly improved the color from dark brown to light golden yellow, decreased the acid value (62 down to 0.11 mgKOH/g of oil), and the viscosity (181 to 130 mPa.s). The saponification value was lowered from 206 to 180 mgKOH/g oil. The peroxide value was only slightly lowered from 85 to 55 mgO2/kg oil, thus pointing out the peculiar chemical nature of tamanu oil. Improving this important quality parameter would require additional research work, together with fine-tuned optimization of experimental conditions for a panel of crude oil samples; this was out of the scope of present work. This preliminary study shows that refining steps widely applied at industrial scale could help improving the quality of tamanu oil – an underused natural feedstock – for enhanced application in health and cosmetic fields.
Innovation Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development
Authors: Omelyanenko Vitaliy , Prokopenko Olha , Omelyanenko Olena
Published: November 2021

The research deals with the conceptual framework of innovation policy coherence for sustainable development. Authors prove that for the development of the national system, «sustainable development – security» should be considered innovation policy as a set of management tools for targeted implementation of innovations that will promote sustainable development. As a result of understanding the importance of SDGs, a scientific and practical approach to policy coherence for sustainable development (PCSD) is considered. Given the importance of innovation development and the national characteristics of the relationship between it and the SDGs, it is advisable to consider the methodology of coherence of innovation policy for sustainable development (innovation policy coherence for sustainable development, IPCSD). The context of innovation policy coherence for sustainable development based on ideas of theorists of economic science, innovation and strategic management is presented. It is proposed to implement the conceptual provisions of innovation policy coherence for sustainable development on the basis of adapted principles of sustainable development and principles of the relationship «sustainable development – security».
Decarbonization of Ukrainian Economy: Economic and Legal Issues
Authors: Zharova Liubov , Natalia Eremeeva
Published: November 2021

The research hypothesis is determined by its focus on forming practical proposals for creating a compelling economic and legal mechanism for the decarbonization of the economy. Based on an integrated approach to the regulation of relevant relations. This approach allows us to identify priority areas for the transformation of legal regulation in the context of decarbonization of the economy, which in turn will help lay the legal foundations for the transition to a carbon-free economy. The practical implementation of the study’s scientific results will contribute to implementing the tasks of the Renewed Nationally Defined Contribution of Ukraine to the Paris Agreement. It is planned to pay special attention to the legal aspects of modernization of the coal industry in the context of stimulating the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Additional attention was paid to the development of theoretical provisions and practical proposals for the harmonization of state policy in the field of bioenergy, its legal framework with the goals of decarbonization of the energy sector, and ensuring climate neutrality.
Economic and Environmental Assessment of Environmental Pollution by Construction Companies in Ukraine in the System of Environmental Management in the Post-Pandemic Period
Authors: Zubko Katerina , Samus Hanna , Tsyhanenko Olena , Troian Mariia , Järvis Marina
Published: November 2021

The study's primary purpose is to develop an assessment of the implementation of environmental measures in the system of sustainable development. The development of a comprehensive approach to cost evaluation of environmental innovations allowed to estimate the total cost of the construction project together with environmental and economic damage, choose the most optimal environmental measures for housing, agricultural or road construction, more effectively organise the management system of the construction company. The article considers the importance of making environmental managerial decisions in ensuring society's ecological and economic security. The study proved that construction as a branch of material production is one of the main driving forces of the national economy in terms of results and one of the most potent pollutants. The purpose of environmental and economic assessment of losses from the construction industry is to determine the cost-benefit ratio of the construction project in monetary terms with the mandatory comparison of results before and after the implementation of environmental measures. The analysed ecological and economic indicators of the construction industry, the relationship between the volume of construction work by type of construction products and waste generation by type of economic activity allowed to justify the need for approaches to management decisions in environmental management. The study results can help integrate the requirements for managing the impact of production factors on the ecological and economic condition of the country in order to ensure the safe use of natural resources, environmental protection and economic feasibility (profitability) of management decisions in environmental management.
Assessing the Involvement of Industries in Global Value Chains
Authors: Khaustova Viktoriia , Reshetnyak Olena , Khaustov Mykyta , Danko Taras , Danko Natalia
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the article is to assess the involvement of industries in global value chains and determine the prospects for intensification of these processes. The research methods are statistical analysis, comparison, graphical analysis. The role of export volumes of high value-added products, their enclosing in global value chains is determined. A methodical approach to assessing the involvement of industries in global value chains is proposed, allowing to detect the state of the country’s involvement in the international distribution of labour in concordance with specific industries. The analysis of the structure of exports of industries on the example of Ukraine is carried out. the industries that have a significant export share both in the total exports and in the structure of production output are determined. The leading indicators of the country’s involvement in global value chains are computed, as follows: the national added value in the country’s exports by industries, the contribution of specific industry sectors of the economy to the national added value of gross exports, the share of the national added value in exports of industries in the total national added value of gross exports. The positioning of industries within the coordinate system «share in the export structure - share of the national added value in exports» is carried out. It is determined that the share of national added value in exports of extractive industries of Ukraine is higher compared to the average of the world countries in this research. At the same time, being lower in the industries of the manufacturing industry, thus justifying the virtual absence of knowledge-intensive and innovative stages of production of the manufacturing industry, which necessitates a deeper specialization in the exports of low-grade products. The directions of a rational integration of the Ukrainian economy into global value chains are substantiated. The measures to be assumed on the part of the government policy to intensify the involvement of Ukrainian producers in global value chains are proposed.
Facebook and Instagram Business Account Management under the Pandemic Influence
Authors: Natorina Alona
Published: November 2021

The crucial role of maintaining business accounts on social media for the rational organization of goods promotion in the COVID-19 pandemic context and increasing online business awareness is reasonably justified. Based on empirical research and analysis of Ukrainian retailers’ online stores, business account metrics are diagnostics in social media. The interpretation of the viral loop in social media is proposed, and the meaning of the definitions “subcritical mass” and “critical mass” of a Facebook / Instagram business account are clarified. The dynamic model of a critical mass of Facebook / Instagram business accounts is developed. The model allows monitoring the nature and influence of active followers on users to adjust the current vector of activity, minimize marketing costs, and increase the target audience involvement. The model also facilitates accurate targeting and error-free ad placement for online businesses.
Probleme einer alternden Gesellschaft
Authors: Fajardo Annemarie
Published: November 2021

In den letzten 25 Jahren ist die Zahl der Leistungsbezieher in der Langzeitpflege um 300 Prozent gestiegen. Gleichzeitig ist die Anzahl der Pflegekräfte und der Einrichtungen nicht entsprechend mitgewachsen. Maßnahmen aus dem PpSG sollen nun gegensteuern.
Clinical Implications of Second and Third Trimester Surveillance Ultrasounds of Growth-Restricted Fetuses
Authors: Craig Amanda M. , Kaur Karampreet , Heerboth Sarah A. , Chen Heidi , Lauderdale Chelsea J. , Shannon Chevis , Zuckerwise Lisa C.
Published: November 2021

Objective We sought to investigate the positive predictive value of ultrasound-diagnosed fetal growth restriction (FGR) for estimating small for gestational age (SGA) at birth. Secondary objectives were to describe clinical interventions performed as a result of FGR diagnosis.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort of pregnancies diagnosed with FGR over 3 years at a single institution. Maternal demographics, antenatal and delivery data, and neonatal data were collected. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were conducted.

Results We included 406 pregnancies with diagnosis of FGR in second or third trimester. Median birth weight percentile was 17 (interquartile range: 5–50) and only 35.0% of these fetuses were SGA at birth. The positive predictive value of a final growth ultrasound below the 10th percentile for SGA at birth was 56.9%. Patients averaged eight additional growth ultrasounds following FGR diagnosis. One hundred and fourteen (28.1%) received antenatal steroids prior to delivery, and 100% of those delivered after more than 7 days following administration. There were 6 fetal deaths and 14 neonatal deaths.

Conclusion In the majority of cases, pregnancies diagnosed with FGR during screening ultrasounds resulted in normally grown neonates and term deliveries. These patients may be receiving unnecessary ultrasounds and premature courses of corticosteroids.
Place references in Chinese music titles since 1912: changing patterns across regions and time
Authors: Hong Xueting , Huang Zhenfang , Huang Xu
Published: November 2021

There are strong links between music and ‘sense of place’. This study investigates the connotations and features of the sense of place in songs against the background of social change between 1912 and 2019 in China. From 1912 through 1949, the sense of place was chiefly patriotic. From 1950 to 1979, the influence of socialism resulted in songs that concentrated on historical sites to form place identity. After 1980, the music market influenced the writing of songs about ‘place’. Since 2010, the sense of place has involved the activities of individuals and events within an area that shape the feel and impression of the place, and it is complex and plentiful. The results indicate that the relationships between people and the places they sing about become more abundant and detailed over time, along with a change from each place having a dominant style to a more diverse scenario. Before the opening-up and reform of China in 1979, the sense of place was often a shared collective memory, whereas today, the trend is towards personal songs. Additionally, sense of place is studied in regard to social processes as well as individual music pieces, and the driving force of each period is the response to basic social contradictions.
An extraction strategy to determine a permissible region for fluorescence molecular tomography
Authors: Yi Huangjian , Liu Xiaohang , Zhao Fengjun , Yu Jingjing , Guo Hongbo , He Xiaowei , Hou Yuqing
Published: November 2021

Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) is an optical molecular tomography technology with great promise, and it has broad application prospects for its high sensitivity. However, it is still a challenge in reconstruction because of its severe ill-posedness. In this study, a new extraction strategy to determine a permissible region of target is proposed for FMT, which can provide a definite central position and size of the permissible region. Numerical simulation experiments and an in vivo experiment have been carried out to verify the performances of the strategy. The experimental results demonstrated that the strategy can provide a permissible region of target with a definite position and size, which further allowed a steady and accurate reconstruction for FMT.
A dynamic collimation and alignment system for the Helmholtz linear accelerator
Authors: Lauber S. , Aulenbacher K. , Barth W. , Basten M. , Burandt C. , Dziuba F. , Forck P. , Gettmann V. , Heilmann M. , Kürzeder T. , List J. , Miski-Oglu M. , Podlech H. , Rubin A. , Schwarz M. , Sieber T. , Yaramyshev S.
Published: November 2021

The upcoming commissioning of the superconducting (SC) continuous wave Helmholtz linear accelerators first of series cryomodule is going to demand precise alignment of the four internal SC cavities and two SC solenoids. For optimal results, a beam-based alignment method is used to reduce the misalignment of the whole cryomodule, as well as its individual components. A symmetric beam of low transverse emittance is required for this method, which is to be formed by a collimation system. It consists of two separate plates with milled slits, aligned in the horizontal and vertical direction. The collimation system and alignment measurements are proposed, investigated, and realized. The complete setup of this system and its integration into the existing environment at the GSI High Charge State Injector are presented, as well as the results of the recent reference measurements.
Phonon–phonon interaction assisted electron–hole recombination in WSe2/hBN van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Feng Nan , Tian Yunzhe , Han Jian , Zheng Zhenfa , Wang Aolei , Zheng Qijing , Zhao Jin , Bi Ke , Xu Ben
Published: November 2021

Photogenerated charge carrier dynamics at the WSe2/hBN van der Waals interface play an important role in optical device applications. The carrier behavior has been argued to be related to the interlayer phonon–phonon interaction in the heterostructure. However, the effect of the interlayer coupling on the electron–hole recombination dynamics is still unclear. Using the ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics approach, we investigate the photoexcited electron dynamics at the interface, which has a type I energy alignment. The out-of-plane phonon of hBN is found to strongly couple with the WSe2 out-of-plane A′1 phonon, enhancing the electron–phonon interaction and accelerating the electron–hole recombination compared to pristine WSe2. Our work provides valuable guidance on the design of novel two-dimensional optoelectronic and opto-phononic devices.
Rheology of two-dimensional granular chute flows at high inertial numbers
Authors: Patro Satyabrata , Prasad Mahesh , Tripathi Ayushi , Kumar Puneet , Tripathi Anurag
Published: November 2021

Contrary to the popular inertial number-based rheology of dense granular flows, recent studies suggest a non-monotonic variation of the effective friction coefficient μ(I) with the inertial number I in plane shear flows. While the popular rheology assuming monotonic variation of μ(I) with I suggests existence of an upper limit of inclination angle for steady chute flows, the non-monotonic variation suggests the possibility of two different flow states for chute flows at a given inclination angle. In this work, we perform DEM simulations of chute flow of frictional inelastic disks and show that steady, fully developed flows are possible at inclinations much higher than those predicted from the monotonic μ−I rheology. We observe steady flows up to inertial number I≈2 and find non-monotonic variation of the effective friction at high inertial numbers for chute flow of disks. The flows at high inertial numbers exhibit a constant density bulk region supported on top of a very dilute energetic basal layer of particles. We show that, in addition to a modified effective friction law that accounts for the non-monotonic variation of μ(I) and the dilatancy law relating the solids fraction ϕ with I, the rheological description also needs to account for the stress anisotropy by means of a normal stress difference law. By accounting for the presence of the normal stress difference, we also establish that only a single flow state is possible at any given inclination angle despite the non-monotonic variation of the effective friction coefficient.
Visualization of acoustic power flow in suspended thin-film lithium niobate phononic devices
Authors: Lee Daehun , Meyer Shawn , Gong Songbin , Lu Ruochen , Lai Keji
Published: November 2021

We report direct visualization of gigahertz-frequency acoustic waves in lithium niobate phononic circuits. Primary propagation parameters, such as the power flow angle and propagation loss, are measured by transmission-mode microwave impedance microscopy. Using a fast Fourier transform, we can separately analyze forward and backward propagating waves and quantitatively evaluate the propagation loss. Our work provides insightful information on the propagation, diffraction, and attenuation in piezoelectric thin films, which is highly desirable for designing and optimizing phononic devices for microwave signal processing.
Current-induced switching of a ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Co2MnGa
Authors: Han Jiahao , McGoldrick Brooke C. , Chou Chung-Tao , Safi Taqiyyah S. , Hou Justin T. , Liu Luqiao
Published: November 2021

The introduction of magnetic moments to topological materials provides rich opportunities for studying the interplay among magnetism, electron correlation, and topological orders, which can give rise to exotic magnetoelectric effects and allow one to manipulate the topological band structure via spintronic approaches. Here, we report current-induced switching in a thin film of ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Co2MnGa with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, via the spin–orbit torque from a neighboring heavy metal Pt. The reversal of the large anomalous Hall signal indicates an effective electrical control of the Berry curvatures associated with the Weyl nodes in the topological band structure. The efficiency of the spin–orbit torque switching is calibrated to be comparable to that in conventional ferromagnets. Given the compatibility of Co2MnGa films with various spintronic devices and techniques, our work represents an essential step toward memory and computing devices built by topological ferromagnetic materials.
Facile self-assembly of colloidal diamond from tetrahedral patchy particles via ring selection
Authors: Neophytou Andreas , Chakrabarti Dwaipayan , Sciortino Francesco
Published: November 2021

Significance

The self-assembly of colloidal diamond–a classic example of an open crystal with the low coordination number of four and much sought after due to its applications in visible light management–from designer spherical colloidal particles has proved challenging over the years. The formation of the diamond lattice from tetrahedral patchy particles is hampered by the propensity to form competing open periodic structures for narrow patches or dynamically arrested states for wider patches, leaving a narrow window in design space where diamond crystals may be realized. Our two-component system of designer tetrahedral patchy particles supports a significantly wider range for patch sizes for programmed self-assembly, thus facilitating experimental fabrication, and offers fundamental insight into crystallization into open lattices.
Anatomy of an extensively drug-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
outbreak in Tuscany, Italy
Authors: Martin Melissa J. , Corey Brendan W. , Sannio Filomena , Hall Lindsey R. , MacDonald Ulrike , Jones Brendan T. , Mills Emma G. , Harless Casey , Stam Jason , Maybank Rosslyn , Kwak Yoon , Schaufler Katharina , Becker Karsten , Hübner Nils-Olaf , Cresti Stefania , Tordini Giacinta , Valassina Marcello , Cusi Maria Grazia , Bennett Jason W. , Russo Thomas A. , McGann Patrick T. , Lebreton Francois , Docquier Jean-Denis
Published: November 2021

Significance

Carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
belongs to the “critical-priority” tier of bacterial pathogens as identified by the World Health Organization. Emerging “high-risk” lineages are responsible for difficult-to-treat, hospital-acquired infections and outbreaks around the globe. By integrating genomic and epidemiological data for isolates collected over 20 mo, this study revealed both the high, regional prevalence and the rapid spread, within a single hospital, of
K. pneumoniae
ST-147 in Italy. Besides resistance to nearly all antibiotics, this lineage carried a hybrid plasmid harboring a set of biomarker genes previously linked to hypervirulence. Convergence of resistance and virulence determinants is a major concern and these findings highlight the need for robust, global surveillance to monitor the emergence of high-risk
K. pneumoniae
.
Colon cancer cells acquire immune regulatory molecules from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by trogocytosis
Authors: Shin Jae Hun , Jeong Jaekwang , Maher Stephen E. , Lee Heon-Woo , Lim Jaechul , Bothwell Alfred L. M.
Published: November 2021

Significance

We have identified the presence of cancer cells harboring immune cell–specific surface marker proteins such as CD4 in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer cells acquired not only the T cell marker protein CD4 but also immune regulatory molecules such as CTLA4 by trogocytosis. Unlike other endocytic mechanisms, trogocytosis maintains the cellular localization and functions of the transferred membrane proteins. Therefore, trogocytic transfer of immune regulatory molecules enhances the immunosuppressive functions of cancer cells. This study provides insight into the interactions between cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells and how they contribute to the development of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Gliding motility of
Plasmodium
merozoites
Authors: Yahata Kazuhide , Hart Melissa N. , Davies Heledd , Asada Masahito , Wassmer Samuel C. , Templeton Thomas J. , Treeck Moritz , Moon Robert W. , Kaneko Osamu
Published: November 2021

Significance

Plasmodium
malaria parasites use a unique substrate-dependent locomotion, termed gliding motility, to migrate through tissues and invade cells. Previously, it was thought that the small labile invasive stages that invade erythrocytes, merozoites, use this motility solely to penetrate target erythrocytes. Here we reveal that merozoites use gliding motility for translocation across host cells prior to invasion. This forms an important preinvasion step that is powered by a conserved actomyosin motor and is regulated by a complex signaling pathway. This work broadens our understanding of the role of gliding motility and invasion in the blood and will have a significant impact on our understanding of blood stage host–pathogen interactions and parasite biology, with implications for interventions targeting erythrocyte invasion.
LUBAC regulates ciliogenesis by promoting CP110 removal from the mother centriole
Authors: Shen Xiao-Lin , Yuan Jin-Feng , Qin Xuan-He , Song Guang-Ping , Hu Huai-Bin , Tu Hai-Qing , Song Zeng-Qing , Li Pei-Yao , Xu Yu-Ling , Li Sen , Jian Xiao-Xiao , Li Jia-Ning , He Chun-Yu , Yu Xi-Ping , Liang Li-Yun , Wu Min , Han Qiu-Ying , Wang Kai , Li Ai-Ling , Zhou Tao , Zhang Yu-Cheng , Wang Na , Li Hui-Yan
Published: November 2021

Primary cilia transduce diverse signals in embryonic development and adult tissues. Defective ciliogenesis results in a series of human disorders collectively known as ciliopathies. The CP110–CEP97 complex removal from the mother centriole is an early critical step for ciliogenesis, but the underlying mechanism for this step remains largely obscure. Here, we reveal that the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) plays an essential role in ciliogenesis by targeting the CP110–CEP97 complex. LUBAC specifically generates linear ubiquitin chains on CP110, which is required for CP110 removal from the mother centriole in ciliogenesis. We further identify that a pre-mRNA splicing factor, PRPF8, at the distal end of the mother centriole acts as the receptor of the linear ubiquitin chains to facilitate CP110 removal at the initial stage of ciliogenesis. Thus, our study reveals a direct mechanism of regulating CP110 removal in ciliogenesis and implicates the E3 ligase LUBAC as a potential therapy target of cilia-associated diseases, including ciliopathies and cancers.
Universality of excited three-body bound states in one dimension
Authors: Happ Lucas , Zimmermann Matthias , Efremov Maxim A
Published: November 2021

We study a heavy–heavy–light three-body system confined to one space dimension in the regime where an excited state in the heavy–light subsystems becomes weakly bound. The associated two-body system is characterized by (i) the structure of the weakly-bound excited heavy–light state and (ii) the presence of deeply-bound heavy–light states. The consequences of these aspects for the behavior of the three-body system are analyzed. We find a strong indication for universal behavior of both three-body binding energies and wave functions for different weakly-bound excited states in the heavy–light subsystems.
High precision phase estimation with controllable sensitivity and dynamic range
Authors: Li Hongjing , Wang Gongling , Xia Binke , Song Qi , Huang Jingzheng , Zeng Guihua
Published: November 2021

High precision phase estimation is at the core of modern physics and practical applications. We investigate a method for high precision phase estimation via inserting a reference state which enables weak measurement technique to be used in wide dynamic range. A reference phase is introduced artificially to offset the time delay between preselection state and reference state. The sensitivity of measured phase and the linear dynamic range are controllable by adjusting reference phase. Moreover, an arbitrary postselection in measurement is applicable by choosing appropriate reference phase. This method has merits of controllable sensitivity and wide dynamic range, which shows great potential practical applications in high precision phase measurement.
Synergistic effects in MOS capacitors with an Au/HfO2–SiO2/Si structure irradiated with neutron and gamma ray
Authors: Shi Jianmin , Wang Xinwei , Zhang Xiuyu , Xue Jianming , Guo Xun , Li Man , Wang Jialiang , Meng Xianfu , Cui Bo , Yu Xiaofei , Yu Lei , Jiang Wenxiang , Peng Shuming
Published: November 2021

The properties of oxide trapped charges and interface state density in the metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with an Au/HfO2–SiO2/Si structure were investigated under irradiation of 14 MeV neutron and 60Co gamma-ray. In the mixed neutron and gamma irradiation environment, the formation of the oxide trapped charges in the HfO2–SiO2 layer is determined by the total deposited ionization energy, i.e. the sum of ionization energy deposition of the neutrons and the accompanying gamma rays, while the influence of the displacement damage caused by 14 MeV neutrons can be ignored. The interface state density depends not only on the ionizing energy loss (IEL) but also the non-IEL (NIEL), and NIEL plays a major role below the critical neutron fluence of 4.5 × 1012 n cm−2. The synergistic effect of the interface state is observed increases with energy deposition in the oxide at lower fluences, while decreasing above the critical fluence. These results confirm the existence of the synergistic effect of neutron and gamma irradiation in damaging HfO2 MOS devices.