bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Surgical Anatomy of the Intrapelvic Branches of the Superior Gluteal Artery in People of the Brachymorphic Somatotype
Authors: Kuzmenko A. V. , Radzetskaya K. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to determine the topography variants of the intrapelvic branches and anastomoses of the superior gluteal artery (SGA).

Material and methods. 29 cadavers of males (the intravital age ranged 27-75) and 11 cadavers of females (the in-travital age ranged 32-82) who had died of accidental causes not related to pelvic pathology were used as the research material. The preparation method, vascular injection method, and statistical method were applied to achieve the objective.

Results. It has been established that most often the formation of the intrapelvic branches and anastomoses of the SGA in the males and females is found in the proximal and middle thirds of the intrapelvic part of the artery, rarely - in its distal third. Stable hemostasis with a high probability can be achieved by excluding the proximal and middle thirds of the intrapelvic part of the SGA from the bloodstream by means of selective emboli or ligation.

Conclusion. The performed research has demonstrated the presence of a certain pattern of origination of the in-trapelvic branches and anastomoses of the SGA in the males and in females.
Prediction of Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Women with Ischemic-Cervical Insufficiency Corrected with the Pessary
Authors: Kaplan Yu. D. , Zakharenkova T. N.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to develop a model for prediction of spontaneous preterm birth (SPB) in women with ischemic-cervical insufficiency (ICI), identified and corrected with the pessary at the term 19-23/6 weeks of gestation.

Material and methods: 90 female patients with ischemic-cervical insufficiency, identified at 19-23/6 weeks of gestation (group 1 (n = 34) included women who gave preterm birth, group 2 (n = 56) were women who gave term birth), have been examined.

Results. The risk factors for SPB in the patients with ICI vary depending on the gestational age. The significant risk factors before the detection of ICI are: miscarriage; absence of term birth in the past history of multiparous women; violation of the vaginal microflora; transmitted urogenital infections. The risk factors for SPB at the time of the ICI verification: «sludge» in the lower pole of the fetal bladder; symptomatic variant of the course of ICI; low values of fluorescence protein in the cervical mucus. The risk factors for SPB after the performed correction of the ICI with the pessary are: high UCA values at 24 and 28 weeks of gestation; «sludge» in the amniotic fluid; tone of the lower segment of the uterus; reduced length of the closed part of the cervical cervix; pessary displacement. A dynamic prognosis will make it possible to identify the risk group for SPB at each stage of the management of preg-nant women, which will improve perinatal outcomes.

Conclusion. The proposed prognostic model (AUC = 0.935; Se = 76.5%; Sp = 96.4 %; 95% CI 0.86-0.98; p = 0.0001) has a high diagnostic efficiency of 90.3 %.
The Effect of Emotional Responses on Heart Rate Variability as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Lapanov P. S.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to identify clinically significant functional interactions between the autonomic nervous system and personal emotional sphere.

Material and methods. 105 patients with cardiovascular diseases were examined. Using a clinical role-playing game, the states of the psycho-emotional arousal of modalities: «anger», «fear», «sadness», and «joy» with some intervals of relaxation between them were successively induced in the patients, and the intensity of the psycho-emotional arousal was also recorded. At the same time, the parameters of heart rate variability were registered using the KP-01 Holter monitoring system. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of a high direct relationship between the recorded indicators.

Results. It has been found that a high direct relationship (rs[9] = 0.70, p = 0.018) of the power spectral density in the low frequency range, the total index of autonomic disequilibrium, and the intensity of emotional responses is associated with a 3-4 risk of arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease , cardiosclerosis, chronic heart failure.

Conclusion. The presence of these correlations is associated with cardiovascular disease and is an independent risk factor for its development.
Infectious Endocarditis with Neurological Symptoms
Authors: Prislopskaya A. Yu. , Tsyrulnikova A. N. , Malayeva E. G.
Published: November 2021

The article presents a clinical case of infectious endocarditis, the debut of which was cerebral symptoms. The history of the disease, its clinical manifestations, laboratory and instrumental features, and the methods of the therapy are described in detail.
The use of polymer materials for medical applications
Authors: Los' D. M. , Shapovalov V. M. , Zotov S. V.
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the use of polymer materials for solving problems of theoretical and practical medicine. The effectiveness of the use of polymers in reconstructive cardiac surgery, radiation therapy, etc. has been shown. The basic requirements set for polymers and composites for medical devices have been identified. The most important criterion for the selection of polymers is the safety of their use in clinical practice and their ability to biodegrade when they enter a living organism along the usual metabolic pathways in the absence of inflammatory and allergic reactions of surrounding tissues during longterm followup care.
Neurodynamic indicators of the sensorimotor response of primary school age children with orthophoria and hetero-tropia
Authors: Larionova O. V. , Dravitsa L. V.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to analyze the neurodynamic indicators of the sensorimotor response of primary school age children with orthophoria and heterotropia. Material and methods. 51 children (102 eyes) aged 6-11 were examined. 2 groups that could be compared in terms of age and sex were formed. The first group consisted of 20 patients (40 eyes) with orthophoria associated with moderate hypertropia of Hm 3.5 (2.3; 5.3) diopters, the second group included children with concomitant convergent strabismus associated with moderate hypertropia of Hm 4.25 (2.0; 6.5) diopters - 31 patients (62 eyes). To study the properties of the nervous system (NS), the computer appliance «NS-Psychotest» (LLC «Neurosoft», Ivanovo, http://neurosoft. com/ru) was used. The neurodynamic indicators of the sensorimotor response were identified with the techniques «Simple Visual Motor Response» (SVMR), «Discrimination reaction» (DR), «Moving Object Response» (MOR), «Critical Flicker-Fusion Frequency» (CFF). Results. Concomitant strabismus in the children of the second group reliably leads to an increase in the time of SVMR, DR by 65.5 ms and 42.4 ms, respectively (p < 0.05), in comparison with the group of the children with orthophoria. The difference between the indices of DR and SVMR in the children of group 1 - 51.5 ms, of group 2 - 28.4 ms, verifies a decrease of the rate of the neurodynamic processes of the NS in the children with heretotropia. In the study with the MOR technique, the time of response in the first group was - -31 (-127; 50) ms, in the second group - 22 (-29; 94) ms (р = 0.000008), a positive value of the indicator of the response time in the children of the second group is a consequence of the prevalence of inhibition processes in the central nervous system in most the examined patients. Conclusion . The obtained results show that the presence of heterotropia in the children of the second group reliably leads to decreased mobility of nervous processes and predominance of inhibition processes in the central nervous system. The combination of the low velocity of the response and expressed inertness of nervous processes in the children of the second group are indicative of a lack of coordination of the interrelations between the centers of the visual and motor analyzers.
Monitoring of antibiotic resistance in problem microorganisms in patients with purulent wounds
Authors: Fedyanin S. D. , Okulich V. K.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study changes in the resistance of problem microorganisms to antibacterial drugs in patients with purulent wounds. Material and methods. On the basis of a bacteriological laboratory, within 2006-2007 and 2019-2020, 92 and 99 patients with purulent wounds of various locations, respectively, were examined by the standard bacteriological methods. Results. For the past 13 years, significant changes have occurred in the etiological structure of gram-negative problem microorganisms in patients with purulent wounds. Reliably significant increases were found in the share of K. pneumoniae - about 8 times, and A. baumannii - about 9 times. However, the proportion of MRSA has not changed. The most effective drugs for MRSA were vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline - 0 % of resistant isolates; for K. pneumoniae - colistin (0 %), tigecycline (8.33 %); for P. aeruginosа - colistin (0 %), doripenem (45.45 %); for A. baumannii - ampicillin + sulbactam (0 %), colistin (0 %). Conclusions. For infections caused by MRSA , glycopeptides (vancomycin) should be recommended as the drug-of-choice, and the reserve drugs - oxazolidinones (linezolid) and glycylcyclins (tigecycline); K. pneumoniae - colistin and tigecycline; P. aeruginosa - carbapenems (doripenem) and colistin; A.baumannii - penicillins or cephalosporins with sulbactam (ampicillin + sulbactam) and colistin.
Improving the efficiency of prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip and palate
Authors: Chukanov A. N.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to identify the most effective and affordable method to diagnose various types of fetal cleft lip and palate, the use of which is possible in the majority of specialized obstetric care facilities. Material and methods. The study included the results of ultrasound examination of fetuses (59 cases) in various modes with cleft lip and palate of various types within gestational periods from 16 to 36 weeks. Results. The sensitivity indices of the generally accepted method of two-dimensional B-mode ultrasound have been determined for diagnosing all types of clefts, which amounted to 81.3 %, and the sensitivity for diagnosing cleft palate and cleft lip and palate amounted to 80.3 %. The sensitivity indices of the newly developed diagnostic method (ultrasound elastography of the palate) have been determined, which amounted to 89.8 % in the diagnosis of all types of clefts, and 90.2 % in the diagnosis of cleft palate and cleft lip and palate (46/51). Demonstration of the image of the fetal face obtained during the three-dimensional B-mode reconstruction to its future parents helps the family to make a more balanced and correct decision on further pregnancy tactics. In cases of cleft palate, a new visualization diagnostic criterion has been defined - tongue bifurcation. MRI of the fetal head is not an effective and affordable method for the diagnosis of facial clefts, which can be widely used in practice. Conclusion: It is advisable and necessary to conduct an obligatory study of the karyotype in fetuses with crevices identified during imaging examination at any gestational age. As a new diagnostic criterion for cleft palate, detected by B-mode ultrasound, tongue bifurcation can be used. The utilization of the EN method in combination with the developed coloristic criteria for RHN and RN increases their prenatal detection in general population by 9.9 %. At the same time, the detectability of all types of crevices increases by 8.5 %. In order to objectify the explanations about the essence of revealed defects of the face and structures of the oral cavity, it is necessary to demonstrate a three-dimensional sonogram of the fetal face obtained during three-dimensional B-mode reconstruction to its future parents. MRI of the fetal head cannot be recommended as an effective and affordable method for diagnosing facial clefts due to the impossibility to obtain a satisfactory image in most cases.
Bindungsbeziehungen zwischen Eltern und Kindern im Kontext von Trennung und Scheidung: Welche Rolle spielen Umfang und Qualität des Eltern-Kind-Kontakts?
Authors: Lux Ulrike , Kindler Heinz , Walper Sabine , Zimmermann Janin
Published: November 2021

Following parental separation, parents face the question of how to develop a suitable parenting plan for their children in the future. While there is a broad consensus that maintaining relationships with both parents is generally beneficial for children, there is great uncertainty about how this should be implemented in individual cases and the importance of different contextual factors. This paper provides an attachment-informed perspective on aspects of children's relationships in the context of separation and divorce that might be relevant when making decisions about parenting plans. The focus is on the amount of time and overnights spent with each parent in early childhood, when attachment relationships are still being formed. In addition to beneficial aspects, factors associated with increased stress and emotional insecurity for children, such as the role of interparental conflict and gatekeeping behavior, are also highlighted. The paper concludes with recommendations on interventions for families experiencing conflict.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIBIOTICS, TOOTHPASTE AND PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM HUMAN GUMS
Authors: Aneeqa Naz  , Azra  , Asghar Javaid  , Zafar Muhammad Al-Fareed , Zeeshan Nawaz  , Mahreen ul Hassan  , Ambreen Arif
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted to find out the effectiveness of some antibiotics, toothpastes, and medicinal plant extracts against the bacterial species isolated from human gums. A total of 125 samples were collected. The male and female patients were with the age from 15-60 years. A total of 27 species were isolated and identified. Among those bacterial species, Streptococcus mutans was most prevalent 29.62%, followed by Lactobacillus acidophilus 22.22%, Streptococcus sobrinus 18.51% and S aureus 14.81% respectively. While Micrococcus spp. 3.7%, Streptococcus sanguinis 3.7%, Actinomyces viscosus 3.7% and Aeromonas were least prevalent. To observe the most effective treatment for gum infections, the isolated strains were subjected to the sensitivity tests against antibiotics, toothpastes and plant extracts. The maximum zone of inhibition formed by Sulfamethoxazole was found against Staph aurus 33mm, while the minimum zone by Amoxicillin was observed against Streptococcus sobrinus (6mm). The maximum zone of inhibition by Toothpaste 1 (Fluoride and salt) was against Micrococcus spp. 34mm. The maximum zone of inhibition by Curcuma longa against S. mutans was 22mm, while the minimum zone by Ajuga bracteosa against S. mutans was 11mm. The data obtained through this study revealed that antibiotics were more effective for the treatment of oral bacterial pathogens as compared to toothpaste and plant extracts with moderate and low activity, respectively. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that use of antibiotics during infection and toothpaste with fluoride and salt contents in daily routine could help in the elimination of bacterial pathogens to maintain oral health.
Editorial Vol. 1 Núm. 1
Authors: Aparicio Gómez Oscar Yecid
Published: November 2021

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LOS DERECHOS DE LA MUJER: DE LA REPÚBLICA A LA DICTADURA PASANDO POR LA GUERRA CIVIL
Authors: Sánchez-Cabezudo Rina Tiffany
Published: November 2021

A principios del S.XX era habitual ver que la mujer no podía participar  en la vida pública, el sufragio femenino le estaba completamente vedado, quedando su esfera reducida a la vida privada. Como consecuencia se produjo una fuerte división sexual y clasista del trabajo. Su lugar era el hogar cuidando de la familia. Como consecuencia de esta situación tuvieron una escasa formación lo que hacía que dependieran, más aún si cabe, del marido, en el caso de la mujer casada, o del padre, para las mujeres solteras. La República permitió que la capacidad de obrar de la mujer se ampliara, llegando a ocupar altos cargos y reconociéndolas el derecho de sufragio femenino. Permitió que la mujer demostrara que no sólo valía para ser ama de casa sino también para ser una ciudadana de pleno derecho. Con la guerra civil y la conquista de los territorios por parte del bando falangista hizo que sus pensamientos e ideas se fueran implantando en la sociedad. Al final, la Dictadura forjó que la mujer retrocediera todos los pasos que había conseguido dar hasta ese momento, pero el haber experimentado la libertad que había obtenido años atrás hizo que el espíritu revolucionario no desapareciera sino que quedara apaciguado, para luego volver a resurgir en los últimos años de la etapa dictatorial.
EL ESTADO COMO “AGRUPACIÓN DE DERECHO”. LIBERTAD POLÍTICA, LIBERTAD CIVIL Y PROYECTO NACIONAL EN LA ESPAÑA DE ANNUAL
Authors: San Miguel Pérez Enrique
Published: November 2021

La historia de España entre la crisis de 1898 y el estallido de su Guerra Civil podría muy bien ser conocida como La Edad de los Intelectuales. España consiguió contar con un Estado de Derecho ajustado a la contemporaneidad en 1931, pero como consecuencia del debate público que sobre la libertad civil y la libertad política aportaron figuras como Ramón Pérez de Ayala y toda la generación de 1914 a lo largo de la crisis final de la Restauración.
Evaluation methods for low-cost particulate matter sensors
Authors: Bean Jeffrey K.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Understanding and improving the quality of data generated from low-cost sensors represent a crucial step in using these sensors to fill gaps
in air quality measurement and understanding. This paper shows results from
a 10-month-long campaign that included side-by-side measurements and
comparison between reference instruments approved by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and low-cost
particulate matter sensors in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. At this rural site in
the Midwestern United States the instruments typically encountered only low
(under 20 µg m−3) concentrations of particulate matter; however, higher concentrations (50–400 µg m−3) were observed on 3 different days during what were likely agricultural burning events. This study focused on methods for understanding and improving data quality for low-cost particulate matter sensors. The data offered insights on how averaging time, choice of reference instrument, and the observation of higher pollutant concentrations can all impact performance indicators (R2 and root mean square error) for an evaluation. The influence of these factors should be considered when comparing one sensor to another or when determining whether a sensor can produce data that fit a specific need. Though R2 and root mean square error remain the dominant metrics
in sensor evaluations, an alternative approach using a prediction interval
may offer more consistency between evaluations and a more direct
interpretation of sensor data following an evaluation. Ongoing quality
assurance for sensor data is needed to ensure that data continue to meet
expectations. Observations of trends in linear regression parameters and
sensor bias were used to analyze calibration and other quality assurance
techniques.
A stable ultrastructural pattern despite variable cell size in Lithothamnion corallioides
Authors: Bracchi Valentina Alice , Piazza Giulia , Basso Daniela
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Recent advances on the mechanism and pattern of calcification in
coralline algae led to contradictory conclusions. The evidence of a
biologically controlled calcification process, resulting in distinctive
patterns at the scale of family, was observed. However, the coralline
calcification process has been also interpreted as biologically induced
because of the dependency of its elemental composition on environmental
variables. To clarify the matter, five collections of Lithothamnion corallioides from the Atlantic
Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, across a wide depth range (12–66 m), have
been analyzed for morphology, anatomy and cell wall crystal patterns in
both perithallial and epithallial cells to detect possible ultrastructural
changes. L. corallioides shows the alternation of tiers of short-squared and
long-ovoid/rectangular cells along the perithallus, forming a typical
banding. The perithallial cell length decreases according to water depth and
growth rate, whereas the diameter remains constant. Our observations confirm
that both epithallial and perithallial cells show primary (PW) and secondary
(SW) calcite walls. Rectangular tiles, with the long axis parallel to the
cell membrane forming a multi-layered structure, characterize the PW.
Flattened squared bricks characterize the SW, with roundish outlines
enveloping the cell and showing a zigzag and cross orientation. Long and
short cells have different thicknesses of PW and SW, increasing in short
cells. Epithallial cells are one to three flared cells with the same
shape of the PW and SW crystals. Despite the diverse seafloor environments
and the variable L. corallioides growth rate, the cell walls maintain a consistent
ultrastructural pattern with unaffected crystal shape and arrangement. A
comparison with two congeneric species, L. minervae and L. valens, showed similar
ultrastructural patterns in the SW but evident differences in the PW crystal
shape. Our observations point to a biologically control rather than an
induction of the calcification process in coralline algae and suggest a
possible new morphological diagnostic tool for species identification, with
relevant importance for paleontological applications. Finally, secondary
calcite, in the form of dogtooth crystals that fill the cell lumen, has been
observed. It represents a form of early alteration in living collections
which can have implications in the reliability of climate and paleoclimate
studies based on geochemical techniques.
Unveiling spatial and temporal heterogeneity of a tropical forest canopy using high-resolution NIRv, FCVI, and NIRvrad from UAS observations
Authors: Merrick Trina , Pau Stephanie , Detto Matteo , Broadbent Eben N. , Bohlman Stephanie A. , Still Christopher J. , Almeyda Zambrano Angelica M.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Recently, remotely sensed measurements of the
near-infrared reflectance (NIRv) of vegetation, the fluorescence correction
vegetation index (FCVI), and radiance (NIRvrad) of vegetation have emerged
as indicators of vegetation structure and function with potential to enhance
or improve upon commonly used indicators, such as the normalized difference
vegetation index (NDVI) and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI). The
applicability of these remotely sensed indices to tropical forests, key
ecosystems for global carbon cycling and biodiversity, has been limited. In
particular, fine-scale spatial and temporal heterogeneity of structure and
physiology may contribute to variation in these indices and the properties
that are presumed to be tracked by them, such as gross primary productivity
(GPP) and absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR). In this
study, fine-scale (approx. 15 cm) tropical forest heterogeneity represented by
NIRv, FCVI, and NIRvrad and by lidar-derived height is investigated and
compared to NIRv and EVI using unoccupied aerial system (UAS)-based
hyperspectral and lidar sensors. By exploiting near-infrared signals, NIRv,
FCVI, and NIRvrad captured the greatest spatiotemporal variability, followed
by the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and then the normalized difference
vegetation index (NDVI). Wavelet analyses showed the dominant spatial scale
of variability of all indicators was driven by tree clusters and
larger-than-tree-crown size gaps rather than individual tree crowns. NIRv,
FCVI, NIRvrad, and EVI captured variability at smaller spatial scales
(∼ 50 m) than NDVI (∼ 90 m) and the lidar-based
surface model (∼ 70 m). We show that spatial and temporal
patterns of NIRv and FCVI were virtually identical for a dense green canopy,
confirming predictions in earlier studies. Furthermore, we show that
NIRvrad, which does not require separate irradiance measurements, correlated
more strongly with GPP and PAR than did other indicators. NIRv, FCVI, and
NIRvrad, which are related to canopy structure and the radiation regime of
vegetation canopies, are promising tools to improve understanding of
tropical forest canopy structure and function.
Physical mechanisms for biological carbon uptake during the onset of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (BOUSSOLE site)
Authors: Merlivat Liliane , Hemming Michael , Boutin Jacqueline , Antoine David , Vellucci Vincenzo , Golbol Melek , Lee Gareth A. , Beaumont Laurence
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Several trigger mechanisms have been proposed for the onset of the phytoplankton spring bloom. Among these, that phytoplankton cells begin to bloom when they experience higher average light levels in shallower mixed layers, a result of the surface net heat fluxes becoming positive and wind strength decreasing. We study the impact of these two forcings in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. We take advantage of hourly measurements of oceanic and atmospheric parameters collected at two neighboring moorings during the months of March and April in the years 2016 to 2019, combined with glider data in 2016. The onset of phytoplankton growth is concomitant with the start of significant biological activity detected by a sudden decrease in dissolved inorganic concentrations derived from measurements in the upper 10 m of the water column. A rapid reduction in wind stress following high-wind events is observed at the same time. A resulting shallow mixing layer favors carbon uptake by phytoplankton lasting a few days. Simultaneously, the air-sea net heat flux switches from negative to positive because of changes in the latent air-sea heat flux, which is proportional to the wind speed. This results in an increased thermal stratification of the ocean's surface layers. In 2016, glider data show that the mixing layer is significantly shallower than the mixed layer at the onset of the phytoplankton bloom. We conclude that decreases in the mixing and mixed layer depths lead to the onset of the phytoplankton bloom due to the relaxation of wind speed following storms. We estimate net daily community production in the mixing layer over periods of 3 days between 2016 and 2019 as between 38 mmol C m−2 and 191 mmol C m−2. These results have important implications on the oceanic carbon cycle and biological productivity estimates in the Mediterranean Sea in a scenario of climate-driven changes of the wind.
Progress in understanding of Indian Ocean circulation, variability, air–sea exchange, and impacts on biogeochemistry
Authors: Phillips Helen E. , Tandon Amit , Furue Ryo , Hood Raleigh , Ummenhofer Caroline C. , Benthuysen Jessica A. , Menezes Viviane , Hu Shijian , Webber Ben , Sanchez-Franks Alejandra , Cherian Deepak , Shroyer Emily , Feng Ming , Wijesekera Hemantha , Chatterjee Abhisek , Yu Lisan , Hermes Juliet , Murtugudde Raghu , Tozuka Tomoki , Su Danielle , Singh Arvind , Centurioni Luca , Prakash Satya , Wiggert Jerry
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Over the past decade, our understanding of the Indian
Ocean has advanced through concerted efforts toward measuring the ocean
circulation and air–sea exchanges, detecting changes in water masses, and
linking physical processes to ecologically important variables. New
circulation pathways and mechanisms have been discovered that control
atmospheric and oceanic mean state and variability. This review brings
together new understanding of the ocean–atmosphere system in the Indian
Ocean since the last comprehensive review, describing the Indian Ocean
circulation patterns, air–sea interactions, and climate variability.
Coordinated international focus on the Indian Ocean has motivated the
application of new technologies to deliver higher-resolution observations
and models of Indian Ocean processes. As a result we are discovering the
importance of small-scale processes in setting the large-scale gradients and
circulation, interactions between physical and biogeochemical processes,
interactions between boundary currents and the interior, and interactions between the
surface and the deep ocean. A newly discovered regional climate mode in the
southeast Indian Ocean, the Ningaloo Niño, has instigated more regional
air–sea coupling and marine heatwave research in the global oceans. In the
last decade, we have seen rapid warming of the Indian Ocean overlaid with
extremes in the form of marine heatwaves. These events have motivated
studies that have delivered new insight into the variability in ocean heat
content and exchanges in the Indian Ocean and have highlighted the critical
role of the Indian Ocean as a clearing house for anthropogenic heat. This
synthesis paper reviews the advances in these areas in the last decade.
Snow water equivalent measurement in the Arctic based on cosmic ray neutron attenuation
Authors: Jitnikovitch Anton , Marsh Philip , Walker Branden , Desilets Darin
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Grounded in situ, or invasive, cosmic ray neutron sensors (CRNSs)
may allow for continuous, unattended measurements of snow water equivalent
(SWE) over complete winter seasons and allow for measurements that are
representative of spatially variable Arctic snow covers, but few studies
have tested these types of sensors or considered their applicability at
remote sites in the Arctic. During the winters of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 we
tested a grounded in situ CRNS system at two locations in Canada: a cold,
low- to high-SWE environment in the Canadian Arctic and at a warm, low-SWE
landscape in southern Ontario that allowed easier access for validation
purposes. Five CRNS units were applied in a transect to obtain continuous
data for a single significant snow feature; CRNS-moderated
neutron counts were compared to manual snow survey SWE values obtained
during both winter seasons. The data indicate that grounded in situ CRNS
instruments appear able to continuously measure SWE with sufficient accuracy
utilizing both a linear regression and nonlinear formulation. These sensors can provide
important SWE data for testing snow and hydrological models, water resource
management applications, and the validation of remote sensing applications.
Evaluation of the patient with temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Authors:   Duke University Medical Center, Dolan Edward
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Evaluating the patient with temporomandibular joint disorders can be difficult and challenging for the clinician. Gathering the appropriate data, diagnosing the problem and formulating an accurate differential diagnosis is essential. Temporomandibular joint disorders may be muscular in origin (myofascial pain dysfunction) or have their primary etiology within the joint itself (internal derangement).
It is important for the clinician to systematically evaluate the patient in order to formulate an optimal treatment plan. The treatment must be multidisciplinary, however the first challenge for the clinician is to recognize the problem. Listening to the patient, taking a complete history, and performing a thorough clinical and radiographic examination are the first priorities.
Habituation In orofacial myofunctional therapy
Authors:   Boise Speech & Hearing Clinic, Peachey Galen
Published: November 2021

Summary. In summary, habituation of normal oral resting posture and swallowing function must be the final result of orofacial myofunctional therapy. Habituation starts with goal setting at the initial visit, is augmented by purposeful repetitive exercises, and maintained by the activation of neuropathways to establish new but normal oral postures and functions.
Lesions of the tongue: A review
Authors:   Duke University Medical Center, Dolan Edward , Mason Robert
Published: November 2021

Introduction: A thorough understanding of the development and growth which involve oral and paraoral structures is necessary for the orofacial myologist. Many of the developmental anomalies are congenital as opposed to being inherited. Tongue abnormalities, whether they be developmental or acquired, are of particular interest to the orofacial myologist. The ability to recognize, evaluate and differentially diagnose these lesions is essential in order that the orotacial myologist treat the patient in a comprehensive manner.
Canónigos y bandos en la catedral de Valencia durante la primera mitad del siglo XVI
Authors: Callado Estela Emilio
Published: November 2021

Los canónigos de la catedral de Valencia no fueron ajenos a las bandositats, parcialidades o bandos que aglutinaron a buena parte de la sociedad local a lo largo de la época moderna, particularmente durante el siglo XVI. El análisis de algunos casos relevantes –tanto por el origen familiar de quienes los protagonizaron y su cursus honorum, como por la trascendencia de los episodios delictivos en que estuvieron implicados– confirmaría la imbricación entre el mundo eclesiástico representado por estos clérigos y el fenómeno descrito del bandolerismo, al menos en la primera mitad de la referida centuria.
Los canónigos doctorales en Portugal: orígenes sociales y carreras de una élite eclesiástica (siglos XVI y XVI)
Authors: López-Salazar Ana Isabel
Published: November 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo es el estudio de las procedencias geográficas, las carreras en la Universidad, la Iglesia y la Administración y los orígenes sociales de los canónigos doctorales portugueses de los siglos XVI y XVII. Se trató de un grupo muy específico dentro de la Iglesia portuguesa, ya que las doctorales de las diócesis antiguas eran canonjías de patronato regio provistas por concurso en la Universidad de Coimbra. El análisis de los orígenes sociales de estos prebendados demuestra que las doctorales quedaron mayoritariamente en manos de la fidalguia no titulada, las élites locales, tanto de las ciudades como de las zonas rurales, y los grupos letrados vinculados al servicio regio.
La carrera episcopal bajo el régimen del real patronato (1523-1834). Perfiles sociales
Authors: Barrio Gozalo Maximiliano
Published: November 2021

A través de la documentación vaticana y los archivos nacionales, presento una breve síntesis de dos aspectos de los obispos españoles, de 1523 a 1834. Primero, analizo las provisiones episcopales, y después examino los aspectos sociales de los electos.
Franganillo Álvarez, Alejandra, A la sombra de la reina. Poder, patronazgo y servicio en la corte de la Monarquía Hispánica (1615-1644), Madrid, CSIC, 2020, 321 págs. ISBN: 9788400106263
Authors: Elliott John
Published: November 2021

Book review of Franganillo Álvarez, Alejandra, A la sombra de la reina. Poder, patronazgo y servicio en la corte de la Monarquía Hispánica (1615-1644), Madrid, CSIC, 2020, 321 págs. ISBN: 9788400106263
Torremocha Hernández, Margarita (coord.), Matrimonio, estrategia y conflicto (siglos XVI-XIX), Salamanca, Ediciones de la Universidad de Salamanca, 2020, 255 págs. ISBN: 9788413114194
Authors: Bel Bravo María Antonia
Published: November 2021

Reseña de la obra de Torremocha Hernández, Margarita (coord.), Matrimonio, estrategia y conflicto (siglos XVI-XIX), Salamanca, Ediciones de la Universidad de Salamanca, 2020, 255 págs. ISBN: 9788413114194
Caporossi, Olivier, Exercer la justice du roi à Madrid. La juridiction royale d’une ville de cour pendant le règne de Philippe IV (1621-1665), Pessac, Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, 2019, 334 págs. ISBN : 9791030001204
Authors: Tizón Ferrer María Del Mar
Published: November 2021

Reseña de la obra de Caporossi, Olivier, Exercer la justice du roi à Madrid. La juridiction royale d’une ville de cour pendant le règne de Philippe IV (1621-1665), Pessac, Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, 2019, 334 págs. ISBN : 9791030001204
Representaciones de los becarios de regiones Programa Beca 18 del 2014 al 2020 en el Perú
Authors: Menendez Condor Pamela Fabiola
Published: November 2021

El Programa Beca 18 es un programa nacional del Perú que otorga becas a los jóvenes en condiciones socioeconómicas de pobreza o en situación de vulnerabilidad. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las representaciones de los becarios por parte de la comunidad académica de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia.

En este trabajo de investigación, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, cuyo resultado principal fue que las representaciones influyen en la inserción y en la adaptación de los becarios. Asimismo, este estudio se centra en los becarios de regiones, pues son los que tienen mayores obstáculos para insertarse y adaptarse a la vida universitaria.
Flashing lights to deter small stock depredation in communal farmlands of Namibia
Authors: Verschueren Stijn , Torres-Uribe Carolina , Briers-Louw Willem D. , Fleury Gabriela , Cristescu Bogdan , Marker Laurie
Published: November 2021

Flashing lights can work as an effective visual deterrent to protect livestock in kraals at night against wild carnivores.
Features of Forecasting Reliability of 6—10 kV Overhead Electric Lines According to Statistics of Their Failures and Reconditionings
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Russian Federation, Basmanov Vladislav , Kholmanskikh Valerii ,   Vyatka State University, Russian Federation
Published: November 2021

This work is aimed at forecasting justification of the failure time of the 6—10 kV overhead electric lines (OEL) during the normalized period in its operation based on comparison with the statistics of failures and reconditionings on the previous intervals with the use of the OEL availability function, statistical availability coefficient, normalized forecasting interval and the accepted values of the availability coefficient on the forecasting interval. To achieve the goal set the OEL is described as an object of a multiple action, its failure and reconditioning flows are accepted as the simplest Poisson, and for the theoretical analysis of the variation character in the availability coefficient, the probability theory methods along with a mass service were used. The most significant result is justification of the use for the forecasting of the OEL failure time of a new convenient exponential expression of its availability function on the normalized period of time being forecasted. Unlike the accepted in the theory of reliability the availability function with two parameters T and Tr.av (average times of work and reconditionings), the proposed expression uses one parameter of distribution (virtual non-failure operating time). The significance of the results obtained consists in that controlling the dynamics of the variation in the statistical coefficient of availability of the OEL on the previous time intervals makes it possible to forecast its failure time during the forthcoming normalized periods of operation.
Effect of Individual Sulfide on the Stability against Oxidation of Transformer Oil and Its Electrical Parameters
Authors:   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Russian Federation, Gainullina Leysan
Published: November 2021

This study is devoted to the improvement of the transformer oil quality, using a new inhibiting additive, since the extensively used inhibitory additive ionol is sensitive to organosulfur compounds of sulfur oils. From the earlier works, the organosulfur compounds are known to affect ambiguously the transformer oils characteristics. Therefore, it was of interest to study the individual sulfides as the inhibitory additives. The goal was achieved by the researches with the use of the model mixtures consisting of the selectively purified transformer oil (free from ionol) along with the individual sulfides, decylcyclohexylsulfide and decylfenylsulfide, at concentration of 0.5 %, Their effect on stability against oxidation of the selectively purified oil, on its electric strength and tangent of the dielectric losses’ angle was studied. The primary results obtained were, firstly, the rate slowing down of water formation in oil and of water-soluble acids formation in oil upon its oxidation in the presence of the individual sulfides, and, secondly, an increase in the electric strength and decrease in the dielectric losses compared to the transformer oil, containing ionol. It was established that decylcyclohexylsulfide inhibitory properties are stronger compared to those of decylfenylsulfide, which was testified by less quantities (by 1.8 times) of the water formed and of water-soluble acids (by 2.22 times). The introduction to oil of 0.5 % decylcyclohexylsulfide and decylfenylsulfide increased the oil electric strength, correspondingly, by 2.6 and by 5.5 times, upon water concentration in oil equal to 15·10-2 g/kg. The significance of the results obtained is in improving the transformer oil quality produced from the sulfur oils with the use of a novel additive.
Matrix Method for Modelling of Multicomponent and Multistream Energy Systems and Installations of Thermal Power Plants
Authors:   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Russian Federation, Barochkin Alexey
Published: November 2021

The aim of this work is to increase the operational efficiency of the multicomponent multithreaded power units and systems of the TPP using modeling, calculation and optimization. The goal is achieved by solving the following tasks: development of the tasks’ classification system and a unified methodology for the mathematical description of energy formation and mass flows’ processes in multicomponent and multithreaded power units of the TPP; development of a model of a steam turbine power unit; development of a model of heat and mass transfer processes in multi-stage multistream multiphase systems. The most significant results obtained were: the developed unified methodology for the matrix description of the processes of energy and mass flows’ formation in multicomponent multistream energy systems of the TPP. Within the framework of the proposed methodology, a model of a steam turbine power was developed; model solutions were obtained and analyzed in order to calculate the energy characteristics of a heating turbine unit, the reliability and validity of the proposed approach was shown, a mathematical model of multistream multi-stage heat exchange systems were developed. The significance of the results obtained consisted in the development of a simple but informative mathematical model of a thermal power plant turbine generator and a model of multistream multi-stage heat exchange systems, each stage of which can have an arbitrary number of input and output flows with a possible phase transition in heat carriers.ave an arbitrary number of input and output flows with a possible phase transition in heat carriers.
Analysis of Efficiency upon Enhancing the Fuel Combustion Completeness in the GTU Burners Using Fuel Gas Heating up
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Russian Federation, Pekov Ahiley , Bachev Nikolai ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Russian Federation, Shilova Alena ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Russian Federation, Matyunin Oleg ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Russian Federation, Betinskaya Oxana ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Russian Federation
Published: November 2021

One main characteristic of the gas turbine unit (GTU) burner is its fuel combustion completeness, which affects directly the efficiency of the power plant along with CO and unburnt hydrocarbons CnHm emissions. The aim of this work was the research on the application of the fuel heating-up as an alternative method for increasing the fuel combustion completeness and controlling the emission of harmful agents. This goal is achieved by obtaining experimental data on the emissions of CO and NOx at different temperatures of the fuel gas supply to the combustion chamber. The most significant result of the work is the experimentally confirmed possibility of increasing the combustion efficiency (decreasing CO) by heating the fuel gas while maintaining constant gas-dynamic characteristics of the chamber. The significance of the results obtained consists in the experimental confirmation of the combustion quality control only by heating the fuel gas without changing the operating and design characteristics of the combustion chamber. The fuel combustion low completeness can cause the burner unstable operation in the form of the unsteady pre-blowout burning combined with the pressure oscillations in the burner. At present, methods for ensuring the increase in stability and completeness of the fuel combustion are related to the air rate and temperature changes at the inlet. However, the use of these methods can be unwanted because of their causing the decrease in the coefficient of efficiency and in the resource of the ‘hot part’ of the gas-turbine facility.
Upaya Menangani Nyeri dan Kecemasan pada Lansia yang Mengalami Hipertensi di Masyarakat
Authors: Sukesi Niken , Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih
Published: November 2021

Hipertensi adalah penyakit pembuluh darah yang mempunyai tekanan darah tinggi (sitolik 140 mmHg serta diastolik 90 mmHg) yang menetap. Gejala hipertensi ialah nyeri serta kekakuan otot. Hal ini yang menimbulkan lansia yang mengidap hipertensi mengalami permasalahan psikologis salah satunya kecemasan. Nyeri serta kecemasan bisa dilakukan dengan tindakan mandiri oleh lansia. Tujuan kegiatan ini lansia yang hipertensi diharapkan mampu melakukan relaksasi nafas dalam, relaksasi otot progresif serta yoga ringan supaya mengurangi nyeri serta kecemasan. Metode yang digunakan berupa penyuluhan,  pelatihan dan demonstrasi. Hasil dari pengabdian ini dari 10 lansia mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan sebanyak 90%. Lanisa yang mengikuti program ini sangat bersemangat dalam proses praktek dan pemberian materi. Hasil dari pretest lansia belum mengenali penanganan nyeri serta kecemasan sebaliknya hasil dari post test lansia mampu memahami dan mempraktikan secara benar. relaksasi nafas dalam, relaksasi otot progresif serta latihan gerakkan yoga ringan sebanyak 90%. Latihan ini dapat dilaksanakan setiap hari untuk mengurangi tekanan darah, nyeri serta kecemasan
Penggunaan Liveworksheet dengan Aplikasi Berbasis Web untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik
Authors: Prabowo Andi
Published: November 2021

Pembelajaran pada massa pandemi Covid-19 dilakukan dengan cara daring, tetapi keaktifan peserta didik dalam mengikuti pembelajaran rendah yang menyebabkan hasil belajar peserta didik rendah, maka perlu penelitian penerapan penggunaan liveworksheet dengan aplikasi berbasis web untuk meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah  Untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik yang menggunakan liveworksheet dengan aplikasi berbasis web dan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan  penggunaan liveworksheet dengan aplikasi berbasis web untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta. Subyek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI-KI-1 tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 berjumlah 36 orang. Tanggal penelitian ini adalah 20 Januari-26 februari 2021. Mata pelajaran yang dilakukan tindakan adalah Mata Pelajaran Produktif Alat Industri Kimia dengan materi  materi prasiklus :  kompresor,  siklus 1 : conveyor, dan siklus 2 : alat pembesaran partikel. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan liveworksheet dengan aplikasi berbasis web dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta yaitu pada prasiklus dengan ketutasan klasikal peserta didik 52,7% dan rata-rata hasil belajar 69,7, kemudian siklus 1 dengan ketutasan klasikal peserta didik 72,2 % dan rata-rata hasil belajar 76,6 dan siklus 2 dengan ketutasan klasikal peserta didik 86,1% dan rata-rata hasil belajar 82,8. Dari hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan a) penggunaan liveworksheet dengan aplikasi berbasis web untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik b) Pelaksanaan pembelajarannya yaitu guru merencanakan pembelajaran, peserta didik mempelajari materi dan mengerjakan LKPD dan hasilnya dikirimkan ke LMS sekolah kemudian peserta didik melakukan tatap muka virtual dan mengerjakan evaluasi.