bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Observation of the Sixth Polymorph of BiB3O6: In situ High‐Pressure Raman Spectroscopy and Synchrotron X‐Ray Diffraction Studies on the β‐Polymorph.
Authors: Cong Rihong , Yang Tao , Sun Junliang , Wang Yingxia , Lin Jianhua
Published: August 2013

A pressure‐induced phase transition from β‐BiB3O6 to a new polymorph, ζ‐BiB3O6 between 11.5 and 18.5 GPa is identified by the combination of in situ Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Spectroscopy of Two Ternary Uranium(IV) Thiophosphates: UP2S9 and UP2S7 Containing P2S92‐ and P2S72‐ Ligands.
Authors: Babo Jean‐Marie , Jouffret Laurent , Lin Jian , Villa Eric M. , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: August 2013

UP2S9 (I) and UP2S7 (II) are prepared by solid state reaction of 1:1:2:1 mixtures of BaS, U, P2S5, and S or Li2S, U, P2S5, and S, resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Lewis Acid Properties of (ReO3F)∞ and the X‐Ray Crystal Structures of (HF)2ReO3F·HF and [N(CH3)4]2 [{ReO3(μ‐F)}3(μ3‐O)] ·CH3CN.
Authors: Ivanova Maria V. , Koechner Tobias , Mercier Helene P. A. , Schrobilgen Gary J.
Published: August 2013

(ReO3F)∞ (I) is prepared as a precursor by solvolysis of Re2O7 in anhydrous HF (aHF) followed by room temperature fluorination of the formed H2O.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide Fragment Coupling Using a Continuous‐Flow Photochemical Rearrangement of Nitrones.
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Blackman Melissa L. , Leduc Andew B. , Jamison Timothy F.
Published: August 2013

A general, versatile, efficient and novel approach for the synthesis of simple and complex peptide bonds via the title rearrangement is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Hydrazino Amides via a Novel One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Ramezanpour Sorour , Balalaie Saeed , Rominger Frank , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza
Published: August 2013

The simple and mild title reaction affords the corresponding hydrazine pseudopeptide derivatives, which are isolated as single diastereomer, in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Procedure for the Introduction of Three Different Bonds onto Terminal Alkynes Through N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazole Intermediates.
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Tanaka Takamasa , Biyajima Tsuneaki , Yada Akira , Murakami Masahiro
Published: August 2013

This method yields α‐substituted α‐amino ketone derivatives which are substructures of bioactive compounds and intermediates in the synthesis of α‐amino alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Cross‐Benzoin Reaction of Aliphatic Aldehydes and α‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Thai Karen , Langdon Steven M. , Bilodeau Francois , Gravel Michel
Published: August 2013

Densely oxygenated syn‐diols are available by diastereoselective reduction of the primary products.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Methyl Sulfoxides with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Jia Tiezheng , Bellomo Ana , EL Baina Kawtar , Dreher Spencer D. , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: August 2013

The reaction of various organyl methyl sulfoxides with aryl bromides proceeds with high yields [viz.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC PdII Complex Bearing 1,6‐Hexylene Linker: Synthesis and Catalytic Activity in the Suzuki—Miyaura and Heck—Mizoroki Reactions.
Authors: Liu Qing‐Xiang , Zhang Wei , Zhao Xiao‐Jun , Zhao Zhi‐Xiang , Shi Meng‐Chao , Wang Xiu‐Guang
Published: August 2013

This new functionalized NHC‐catalyst shows efficient catalytic activity in the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction under aerobic conditions and in water as solvent, and can be also used for Heck coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Decarbonylation of Diynones via C—C Activation: Orthogonal Synthesis of Conjugated Diynes.
Authors: Dermenci Alpay , Whittaker Rachel E. , Dong Guangbin
Published: August 2013

A wide range of symmetrical and unsymmetrical conjugated diynes are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Tetrahydrofurans by Catalytic Polar‐Radical‐Crossover Cycloadditions of Alkenes and Alkenols.
Authors: Grandjean Jean‐Marc M. , Nicewicz David A.
Published: August 2013

The products are isolated as inseparable mixtures of diastereomers, some also containing traces of additional diastereomers not shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: KF/Al2O3/PEG‐400: An Efficient Catalytic System for the Fiesselmann‐Type Synthesis of Thiophene Derivatives.
Authors: Bezboruah Pranjal , Gogoi Pranjal , Gogoi Junali , Boruah Romesh C.
Published: August 2013

A simple protocol is developed to synthesize novel non‐steroidal and steroidal thiophenes via reaction of β‐halo‐α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with thioacetic acid ethyl ester.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel(II)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Imines with Alkylidene Malonates.
Authors: Li Jiangting , Lian Xiangjin , Liu Xiaohua , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: August 2013

Optimized conditions render possible the preparation of various pyrazolidinone derivatives as important substructures.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated C—H/C—H Biaryl Coupling of Benzoic Acid Derivatives and 1,3‐Azoles.
Authors: Nishino Mayuko , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: August 2013

The title coupling reaction based on a double N,N‐coordination strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Nitroalkenes with Oxodienes.
Authors: Chen Xiang‐Yu , Sun Li‐Hui , Ye Song
Published: August 2013

A plausible catalytic cycle for the unprecedented [4 + 2] cycloaddition of nitroalkenes and oxodienes is given.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Cycloisomerization/Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction of 1,6‐Enynes with Aldehydes Catalyzed by Rhodium and a Broensted Acid.
Authors: Ishida Mana , Tanaka Ken
Published: August 2013

This one‐pot protocol features mild conditions and high atom efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Catalysis of Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexanones to Phenols and Oxidative Heck Coupling: Expedient Synthesis of Coumarins.
Authors: Kim Donghee , Min Minsik , Hong Sungwoo
Published: August 2013

A simple procedure is elaborated for the preparation of coumarins (III) by an oxidation of cyclohexanones (I) followed by an oxidative Heck coupling‐cyclization process of resulting phenols with butyl acrylate.
ChemInform Abstract: Ir(I)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Substituted Pyridones from 2‐Alkoxypyridines via C—O Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Pan Shiguang , Ryu Naoto , Shibata Takanori
Published: August 2013

A cationic Ir(I) complex catalyzes O‐to‐N‐alkyl migration in pyridines bearing a secondary O‐alkyl group.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Photoswitches Based on Spiro‐Acridans.
Authors: Raskosova Alina , Stoesser Reinhard , Abraham Werner
Published: August 2013

Novel thermally‐reversible photochromic spiro‐acridans are prepared and their photoactivity is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Reaction Pathways of Homologous and Isosteric Propargyl Amides in Sequential Ru/Pd‐Catalyzed Annulations for the Synthesis of Heterocycles.
Authors: Raikar Sandeep N. , Malinakova Helena C.
Published: August 2013

The divergent reaction pathway includes a Cu‐catalyzed three‐component reaction, a ring closing metathesis (RCM) and a Heck cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: P‐Arylation: Arynes to Aryl‐Phosphonates, ‐Phosphinates, and ‐Phosphine Oxides.
Authors: Dhokale Ranjeet A. , Mhaske Santosh B.
Published: August 2013

The reaction proceeds under metal‐free conditions and is efficient, regioselective, and general.
ChemInform Abstract: New Diketopiperazine Derivatives from Culture Broth of Staphylococcus sp. Isolated from Corallina officinalis Lineaus.
Authors: Khedr Amgad I. M. , Kouno Isao , Tanaka Takashi , Yamada Koji
Published: August 2013

The two new diketopiperazine derivatives staphyloamides A (Ia) and B (Ib) are isolated from the culture broth of Staphylococcus sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Furofuran Lignans from Kandelia obovata.
Authors: Nan Haihan , Lin Han , Qian Zhuoquan , Yin Haozhen
Published: August 2013

The two new furofuran lignans kandelisesquilignan A (Ia) and B (Ib) are isolated from the aerial part of Kandelia obovata.
ChemInform Abstract: New Xanthones from Garcinia bracteata and Their Cytotoxicities.
Authors: Hu Qiufen , Niu Deyun , Li Xiangli , Qin Yunhua , Yang Zongyan , Zhao Guoli , Yang Zhongxiu , Gao Xuemei , Chen Zhangyu
Published: August 2013

Two new xanthones, bracthone A (Ia) and B (Ib), are isolated from the stems of Garcinia bracteata together with four known xanthones.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthetic Strategies of Inorganic Semiconducing Nanostructures
Authors: Shi Weidong , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie
Published: August 2013

Review: 372 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Nanoporous Materials
Authors: Giri S.
Published: August 2013

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Fe‐Imogolite as an Oxidation Catalyst
Authors: Ookawa Masashi
Published: August 2013

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Bestmann—Ohira Reagent‐Assisted Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazoles, Triazoles, and Oxazoles
Authors: Mohapatra Seetaram , Bhanja Chittaranjan , Jena Satyaban , Chakroborty Subhendu , Nayak Sabita
Published: August 2013

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐(2‐R‐Aryl)‐1,2,3‐chalcogenadiazoles in the Synthesis of Fused Heterocycles
Authors: Petrov M. L. , Androsov D. A.
Published: August 2013

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclization of 1‐ and 2‐Alkynyl‐9,10‐anthraquinones: New Synthetic and Mechanistic Aspects
Authors: Vasilevskiy S. F. , Baranov D. S.
Published: August 2013

Review: new data (2005—2012) on the peculiarities and common characteristics of cascade reactions of 1‐ and 2‐alkynyl‐9,10‐anthraquinones with polyfunctional reagents (guanidine, urea, thiourea) and intramolecular heterocyclizations of ortho‐amino derivatives of 1‐ and 2‐alkynyl‐9,10‐anthraquinones; 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions in Solid‐State Inclusion Compounds
Authors: Harris Kenneth D. M. , Palmer Benjamin A. , Edwards‐Gau Gregory R.
Published: August 2013

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomolecular Hydration Dynamics: A Jump Model Perspective
Authors: Fogarty Aoife C. , Duboue‐Dijon Elise , Sterpone Fabio , Hynes James T. , Laage Damien
Published: August 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineering and Applications of DNA‐Grafted Polymer Materials
Authors: Peng Lu , Wu Cuichen Sam , You Mingxu , Han Da , Chen Yan , Fu Ting , Ye Mao , Tan Weihong
Published: August 2013

Review: 97 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid Thermal Stabilities: Decomposition Mechanisms and Analysis Tools
Authors: Maton Cedric , De Vos Nils , Stevens Christian V.
Published: August 2013

Review: 109 refs.
Identification of Polyproline II Regions Derived From the Proline‐Rich Nuclear Receptor Coactivators PNRC and PNRC2: New Insights for ERα Coactivator Interactions
Authors: Byrne C. , Miclet E. , Broutin I. , Gallo D. , Pelekanou V. , Kampa M. , Castanas E. , Leclercq G. , Jacquot Y.
Published: August 2013

Protein–protein interactions are crucial for signal transductions required for cell differentiation and proliferation. Their modulation is therefore key to the development of therapeutic alternatives, particularly in the context of cancer. According to literature data, the polyproline‐rich nuclear receptor coactivators PNRC and PNRC2 interact with estrogen receptor (ERα) through their PxxP SH3‐binding motifs. In a search to identify the molecular features governing this interaction, we explored using electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations, the capacity of a range of putative biologically active peptides derived from these proteins and containing this PxxP motif(s) to form polyproline II (PPII) domains. An additional more exhaustive structural study on a lead PPII peptide was also performed using 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. With the exception of one of all the investigated peptides (PNRC‐D), binding assays failed to detect any affinity for Grb2 SH3 domains, suggesting that PPII motifs issued from Grb2 antagonists have a binding mode distinct from those derived from Grb2 agonists. Instead, the peptides revealed a competitive binding ability against a synthetic peptide (ERα17p) with a putative PPII‐cognate domain located within a coregulator recruitment region of ERα (AF‐2 site). Our work, which constitutes the first structure‐related interaction study concerning PNRC and PNRC2, supports not only the existence of PxxP‐induced PPII sequences in these coregulators, but also confirms the presence of a PPII recognition site in the AF‐2 of the steroid receptor ERα, a region important for transcription regulation. Chirality 25:628–642, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Urban Water Pipe Networks Management Towards Non‐Revenue Water Reduction: Two Case Studies from Greece and Turkey
Authors: Kanakoudis Vasilis , Muhammetoglu Habib
Published: August 2013

Non‐revenue water (NRW) accounts for water, revenues, and energy losses. NRW is a big part of the water input in the water distribution systems worldwide, exceeding even 50% in several cases around the globe. The need for conservative water use is today more pressing than ever due to the stressing climate change impacts, forcing water utilities to consider applying effective NRW reduction strategies. The problem gets even worse across the Mediterranean basin that faces severe water scarcity conditions along with increasing water needs. An integrated methodology addressing the NRW problem is currently lacking. The assessment of a network's current operating status based on the International Water Association water balance and performance indicators available is a good start. The real or physical losses represent the biggest “water use” due to the high leakage often being the case. The most effective way to address them is through pressure management. To increase its efficiency, the use of the system's hydraulic simulation model is necessary. The present paper presents two cases (Kos Town in Greece and Antalya City in Turkey) where the above mentioned concept was applied.
Rational Design of Resorcylic Acid Lactone Analogues as Covalent MNK1/2 Kinase Inhibitors by Tuning the Reactivity of an Enamide Michael Acceptor
Authors: Xu Jin , Chen Anqi , Joy Joma , Xavier Vanessa Joanne , Ong Esther H. Q. , Hill Jeffrey , Chai Christina L. L.
Published: August 2013

Recent biological and computational advances in drug design have led to renewed interest in targeted covalent inhibition as an efficient and practical approach for the development of new drugs. As part of our continuing efforts in the exploration of the therapeutic potential of resorcylic acid lactones (RALs), we report herein the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of conveniently accessible RAL enamide analogues as novel covalent inhibitors of MAP kinase interacting kinases (MNKs). In this study, we have successfully demonstrated that the covalent binding ability of RAL enamides can be tuned by attaching an electron‐withdrawing motif, such as an acyl group, to enhance its reactivity toward the cysteine residues at the MNK1/2 binding sites. We have also shown that 1H NMR spectroscopy is a convenient and effective tool for screening the covalent binding activities of enamides using cysteamine as a mimic of the key cysteine residue in the enzyme, whereas mass spectrometric analysis confirms covalent modification of the kinases. Preliminary optimization of the initial hit led to the discovery of enamides with low micromolar activity in MNK assays. Cancer cell line assays have identified RAL enamides that inhibit the growth of cancer cells with similar potency to the natural product L‐783,277.
A Simple Synthetic Route to Obtain Pure Trans‐Ruthenium(II) Complexes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Barolo Claudia , Yum Jun‐Ho , Artuso Emma , Barbero Nadia , Di Censo Davide , Lobello Maria Grazia , Fantacci Simona , De Angelis Filippo , Grätzel Michael , Nazeeruddin Mohammed Khaja , Viscardi Guido
Published: August 2013

We report a facile synthetic route to obtain functionalized quaterpyridine ligand and its trans‐dithiocyanato ruthenium complex, based on a microwave‐assisted procedure. The ruthenium complex has been purified using a silica chromatographic column by protecting carboxylic acid groups as iso‐butyl ester, which are subsequently hydrolyzed. The highly pure complex exhibits panchromatic response throughout the visible region. DFT/time‐dependent DFT calculations have been performed on the ruthenium complex in solution and adsorbed onto TiO2 to analyze relative electronic and optical properties. The ruthenium complex endowed with the functionalized quaterpyridine ligand was used as a sensitizer in dye‐sensitized solar cell yielding a short‐circuit photocurrent density of more than 19 mA cm−2 with a broad incident photon to current conversion efficiency spectra ranging from 400 to 900 nm, exceeding 80 % at 700 nm.
Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using a Tetramethylthiourea Redox Mediator
Authors: Liu Yeru , Jennings James R. , Wang Qing
Published: August 2013

An organic redox couple tetramethylthiourea/tetramethylformaminium disulfide (TMTU/TMFDS2+) is evaluated in dye‐sensitized solar cells in conjunction with a series of indoline and ruthenium‐based dyes. Of these, devices with indoline dye D205 show the best performance, with an optimized power conversion efficiency of 7.6 % under AM 1.5G 1 sun illumination. Charge collection and injection are highly efficient in all TMTU‐based DSCs studied. Regeneration of indoline dyes is highly efficient, whereas regeneration of ruthenium dyes by TMTU is less efficient, accounting for their inferior performance. Impedance spectroscopy results reveal that using an optimized TMTU/TMFDS2+ electrolyte solution, the TiO2 conduction band edge is 300–400 meV lower than when an optimized I3−/I− electrolyte is used. The would‐be loss in open‐circuit voltage caused by the downward conduction band shift is mostly compensated by approximately the 200 meV lower redox level of the TMTU/TMFDS2+ electrolyte and up to 1000 times slower recombination rates. This makes TMTU/TMFDS2+ a promising redox couple in the development of highly efficient solar energy conversion devices.
Au@Pd Core–Shell Nanobricks with Concave Structures and Their Catalysis of Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Wang Wenjin , Zhang Jie , Yang Shengchun , Ding Bingjun , Song Xiaoping
Published: August 2013

Au@Pd core–shell nanobricks (CNBs) with concave surfaces and Pd shells with a thickness of approximately 5 nm were synthesized by co‐reduction of HAuCl4 and H2PdCl4 in the presence of Au seeds and Ag ions. These as‐synthesized concave CNBs exhibit significantly enhanced catalytic activity for the electrooxidation of ethanol in alkaline media compared to the commercially‐used Pd black. The improved performance of the Au@Pd CNBs can be attributed to the exposed stepped surfaces, high‐index facets, and the synergistic effects of the core and shell metals.
Assessing FRET using spectral techniques
Authors: Leavesley Silas J. , Britain Andrea L. , Cichon Lauren K. , Nikolaev Viacheslav O. , Rich Thomas C.
Published: August 2013

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques have proven invaluable for probing the complex nature of protein–protein interactions, protein folding, and intracellular signaling events. These techniques have traditionally been implemented with the use of one or more fluorescence band‐pass filters, either as fluorescence microscopy filter cubes, or as dichroic mirrors and band‐pass filters in flow cytometry. In addition, new approaches for measuring FRET, such as fluorescence lifetime and acceptor photobleaching, have been developed. Hyperspectral techniques for imaging and flow cytometry have also shown to be promising for performing FRET measurements. In this study, we have compared traditional (filter‐based) FRET approaches to three spectral‐based approaches: the ratio of acceptor‐to‐donor peak emission, linear spectral unmixing, and linear spectral unmixing with a correction for direct acceptor excitation. All methods are estimates of FRET efficiency, except for one‐filter set and three‐filter set FRET indices, which are included for consistency with prior literature. In the first part of this study, spectrofluorimetric data were collected from a CFP–Epac–YFP FRET probe that has been used for intracellular cAMP measurements. All comparisons were performed using the same spectrofluorimetric datasets as input data, to provide a relevant comparison. Linear spectral unmixing resulted in measurements with the lowest coefficient of variation (0.10) as well as accurate fits using the Hill equation. FRET efficiency methods produced coefficients of variation of less than 0.20, while FRET indices produced coefficients of variation greater than 8.00. These results demonstrate that spectral FRET measurements provide improved response over standard, filter‐based measurements. Using spectral approaches, single‐cell measurements were conducted through hyperspectral confocal microscopy, linear unmixing, and cell segmentation with quantitative image analysis. Results from these studies confirmed that spectral imaging is effective for measuring subcellular, time‐dependent FRET dynamics and that additional fluorescent signals can be readily separated from FRET signals, enabling multilabel studies of molecular interactions. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Defining the restriction point in normal asynchronous human peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: Jiang Jianwu , Liu Liang , Li Xiaolan , Tao Deding , Hu Junbo , Qin Jichao
Published: August 2013

Although the restriction point (R‐point) was proposed in animal cells several decades ago, its existence in normal cells is still controversial, because, in most studies, long‐term cultured cell lines rather than primary normal cells were used. Furthermore, cell synchronization was generally applied, resulting in growth imbalance between DNA synthesis and protein expression in cells. Finally, R‐point was originally proposed as a unique arrest point that may be in G0 phase; however, generally believed R‐point locates within G1 phase. Thus, up to now, there is no solid experimental evidence that supports the existence of R‐point in asynchronous primary normal cells. In this study, we used freshly purified peripheral human blood lymphocytes, as asynchronous primary normal cells, to confirm the existence of restriction point in G1 not G0 phase. Our findings may help uncover the mystery of the deregulation of cell cycle progression in malignant tumors. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
MR‐tree: an efficient index for MapReduce
Authors: Li Chunsheng , Chen Jie , Jin Cheqing , Zhang Rong , Zhou Aoying
Published: August 2013

Nowadays, big data becomes more and more popular, because it widely exists in many applications, such as social network and astronomy. Although building indexes to improve the query processing performance is common in DBMS field, it is infeasible to apply traditional indexing techniques to the MapReduce framework efficiently. Thus, how to process such data efficiently is challenging. In this paper, we study the problem of how to build an index for multidimensional data in MapReduce platform. The experimental results show that the proposed method can run efficiently. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calcium binding protein expression in the optic tectum of Alligator during development
Authors: Ruan Y.‐W. , So K.‐F. , Pritz M.B.
Published: August 2013

The onset and distribution of the calcium binding proteins, calretinin, calbindin, and parvalbumin, were examined in the optic tectum of Alligator mississipiensis embryos between Stages 18 and 26–28. The immunoreactivity of each calcium binding protein correlated well with the results from the Western blot experiments. In terms of onset and distribution, calretinin expressison was the most widespread of the three calcium binding proteins that were examined, and was also the earliest to be visualized. Calbindin expression occurred next, whereas parvalbumin expression was the most limited and appeared last. For small calretinin (+) neurons, the pattern of immunoreactivity during development was from inside to outside, whereas for the larger cells, it was from outside to inside. For calbindin immunoreactive cells in the superficial zone, the pattern was from outside to inside. The distribution of the parvalbumin immunopositive neurons did not change significantly over the time period examined. Similar data on other amniotes is limited. However, the pattern in Alligator shares some similarities with kittens in regards to the distribution of calbindin and parvalbumin in the developing superior colliculus. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73: 899–910, 2013
Cholera toxin subunit B peptide fusion proteins reveal impaired oral tolerance induction in diabetes‐prone but not in diabetes‐resistant mice
Authors: Presa Maximiliano , Ortiz Angela Zarama , Garabatos Nahir , Izquierdo Cristina , Rivas Elisa I. , Teyton Luc , Mora Conchi , Serreze David , Stratmann Thomas
Published: August 2013

The cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) has been used as adjuvant to improve oral vaccine delivery in type 1 diabetes. The effect of CTB/peptide formulations on Ag‐specific CD4+ T cells has remained largely unexplored. Here, using tetramer analysis, we investigated how oral delivery of CTB fused to two CD4+ T‐cell epitopes, the BDC‐2.5 T‐cell 2.5mi mimotope and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 286–300, affected diabetogenic CD4+ T cells in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. When administered i.p., CTB‐2.5mi activated 2.5mi+ T cells and following intragastric delivery generated Ag‐specific Foxp3+ Treg and Th2 cells. While 2.5mi+ and GAD‐specific T cells were tolerized in diabetes‐resistant NODxB6.Foxp3EGFP F1 and nonobese resistant (NOR) mice, this did not occur in NOD mice. This indicated that NOD mice had a recessive genetic resistance to induce oral tolerance to both CTB‐fused epitopes. In contrast to NODxB6.Foxp3EGFP F1 mice, oral treatment in NOD mice lead to strong 2.5mi+ T‐cell activation and the sequestration of these cells to the effector‐memory pool. Oral treatment of NOD mice with CTB‐2.5mi failed to prevent diabetes. These findings underline the importance of investigating the effect of oral vaccine formulations on diabetogenic T cells as in selected cases they may have counterproductive consequences in human patients.
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Attenols A and B
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Reddy Poli Adi Narayana , Reddy Yerabolu Jayasudhan , Meraj Syeda , Prasad Attaluri R.
Published: August 2013

A highly stereoselective total synthesis of attenols A and B is described. The salient features of this synthesis are the utilization of a reductive radical cyclization strategy for methyl center creation, a Prins cyclization/reductive opening cascade for anti‐1,3‐diol motif generation, and a double alkylation tosylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC) strategy to construct the spiro acetal segment.
Electric migration of α‐hemolysin in supported n‐bilayers: A model for transmembrane protein microelectrophoresis
Authors: Harb Frédéric , Tinland Bernard
Published: August 2013

Proteome analysis involves separating proteins as a preliminary step toward their characterization. This paper reports on the translational migration of a model transmembrane protein (α‐hemolysin) in supported n‐bilayers (n, the number of bilayers, varies from 1 to around 500 bilayers) when an electric field parallel to the membrane plane is applied. The migration changes in direction as the charge on the protein changes its sign. Its electrophoretic mobility is shown to depend on size and charge. The electrophoretic mobility varies as 1/R2, with R the equivalent geometric radius of the embedded part of the protein. Measuring mobilities at differing pH in our system enables us to determine the pI and the charge of the protein. Establishing all these variations points to the feasibility of electrophoretic transport of a charged object in this medium and is a first step toward electrophoretic separation of membrane proteins in n‐bilayer systems.
Characterization of a hybrid dielectrophoresis and immunocapture microfluidic system for cancer cell capture
Authors: Huang Chao , Santana Steven M. , Liu He , Bander Neil H. , Hawkins Benjamin G. , Kirby Brian J.
Published: August 2013

The capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from cancer patient blood enables early clinical assessment as well as genetic and pharmacological evaluation of cancer and metastasis. Although there have been many microfluidic immunocapture and electrokinetic techniques developed for isolating rare cancer cells, these techniques are often limited by a capture performance tradeoff between high efficiency and high purity. We present the characterization of shear‐dependent cancer cell capture in a novel hybrid DEP–immunocapture system consisting of interdigitated electrodes fabricated in a Hele‐Shaw flow cell that was functionalized with a monoclonal antibody, J591, which is highly specific to prostate‐specific membrane antigen expressing prostate cancer cells. We measured the positive and negative DEP response of a prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, as a function of applied electric field frequency, and showed that DEP can control capture performance by promoting or preventing cell interactions with immunocapture surfaces, depending on the sign and magnitude of the applied DEP force, as well as on the local shear stress experienced by cells flowing in the device. This work demonstrates that DEP and immunocapture techniques can work synergistically to improve cell capture performance, and it will aid in the design of future hybrid DEP–immunocapture systems for high‐efficiency CTC capture with enhanced purity.
In‐plane alloy electrodes for capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection in poly(methylmethacrylate) electrophoretic chips
Authors: Gaudry Adam J. , Breadmore Michael C. , Guijt Rosanne M.
Published: August 2013

A simple method for producing PMMA electrophoresis microchips with in‐plane electrodes for capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection is presented. One PMMA plate (channel plate) is embossed with the microfluidic and electrode channels and lamination bonded to a blank PMMA cover plate of equal dimensions. To incorporate the electrodes, the bonded chip is heated to 80°C, above the melting point of the alloy (≈70°C) and below the glass transition temperature of the PMMA (≈105°C), and the molten alloy drawn into the electrode channels with a syringe before being allowed to cool and harden. A 0.5 mm diameter stainless steel pin is then inserted into the alloy filled reservoirs of the electrode channels to provide external connection to the capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection detector electronics. This advance provides for a quick and simple manufacturing process and negates the need for integrating electrodes using costly and time‐consuming thin film deposition methods. No additional detector cell mounting structures were required and connection to the external signal processing electronics was achieved by simply slipping commercially available shielded adaptors over the pins. With a non‐optimised electrode arrangement consisting of a 1 mm detector gap and 100 μm insulating distance, rapid separations of ammonium, sodium and lithium (<22 s) yielded LODs of approximately 1.5–3.5 ppm.
Electrolyte system strategies for anionic isotachophoresis with electrospray‐ionization mass‐spectrometric detection. 1. Regular isotachophoresis and free‐acid isotachophoresis
Authors: Malá Zdena , Gebauer Petr , Boček Petr
Published: August 2013

The subject of this work is the definition of a simple model based on general ITP theory that allows describing and predicting the behavior of ITP systems compatible with ESI‐MS detection. The model is exemplified by anionic ITP of weak acids that represent an interesting potential application field of ITP‐ESI‐MS. Suitable ESI‐compatible electrolyte systems of very simple composition are proposed including a special free‐acid ITP arrangement. The properties of these systems are discussed using illustrative diagrams of their stacking windows. The use of anionic ITP‐ESI‐MS in negative‐ion ESI mode is reported for the first time and its suitability for sensitive trace analysis is demonstrated. The presented ITP‐ESI‐MS application example comprises a free‐acid ITP system formed of formic and propionic acids and direct injection analysis of ibuprofen and diclofenac in waters with quantitation limits of the order 10−10 M.
Root-to-Shoot transfer and distribution of endosulfan in the wetland macrophyte Bidens laevis L.
Authors: Pérez Débora J. , Menone Mirta L. , Doucette William J.
Published: August 2013

Endosulfan is genotoxic in somatic cells of Bidens laevis, and reproduction could be affected if translocated from roots to flower buds. Hydroponic experiments were conducted to quantify this transfer. While the root uptake of [14C] endosulfan and its transfer to aboveground tissues was relatively low, the resulting average flower bud concentration (1.01 ± 0.76 ng/g) after 30 d of exposure to an aqueous concentration of 5 μg/L could still represent a genotoxic risk for germ cells. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2478–2481. © 2013 SETAC
P‐T‐D histories from quartz: A case study of the application of the TitaniQ thermobarometer to progressive fabric development in metapelites
Authors: Ashley Kyle T. , Webb Laura E. , Spear Frank S. , Thomas Jay B.
Published: August 2013

This study investigates the ability of quartz to record segments of the pressure‐temperature‐deformation (P‐T‐D) path in poly‐deformed metamorphic terranes and the associated application of the Ti‐in‐quartz thermobarometer (TitaniQ). Metapelites from the Strafford Dome (eastern Vermont) were selected for this study because they record progressive fabric development during prograde metamorphism and have well constrained P‐T‐D histories from previous work. Results of this investigation are in agreement with previous studies and demonstrate that quartz in these samples records additional distinct intervals of the P‐T‐D path. Six preserved quartz equilibration events include: (1) early prograde growth during burial; (2) kyanite‐in quartz‐producing reactions; (3) prenappe emplacement equilibration during isobaric heating; (4) precipitation of quartz in quartz‐feldspar domains during crenulation cleavage development due to solution transfer; (5) quartz‐producing (chlorite‐out) reactions during heating postnappe emplacement; and (6) retrograde quartz overgrowths from an influx of siliceous fluids. Modeling quartz volume allows for the identification of quartz‐producing reactions in P‐T space; the same may be done for Ti‐phases to better constrain activities during reequilibration events. An integration of cathodoluminescence imaging, microstructural and petrographic investigation, isochemical forward stability modeling, and thermobarometry allows identification and interpretation of zoning patterns in quartz to unravel histories that would otherwise not be obtainable.
The sedimentary record of a Mesoproterozoic tsunami from the North China Craton
Authors: Wang Yi‐Ni , Zhang Mei‐Sheng , Li Xiao‐Bo , Yang Ming
Published: August 2013

A layer of Mesoproterozoic tsunami deposits from the North China Craton was recently discovered and investigated in the Xingcheng area, Liaoning Province, China. They occur at the bottom of the Dahongyu Formation of the Changcheng Group (1.8–1.6 Ga). The tsunami deposits are identified based on the analysis of the sedimentary facies. They are markedly different from the normal deposits of shore‐shallow sea siliciclastics, and are characterized by rip‐up clasts, poorly sorted gravels, fining‐upward sequences, redeposited underlying materials, complex sources of underlying strata and erosional bases at the bottom of beds. They are compelling features of tsunamiites when they occur together.

During the Mesoproterozoic, the Xingcheng area was in an active tectonic belt, the Yanshan Taphrogenic Trough. The origin of the tsunami was probably triggered by the earthquake, which resulted from the the activities of the Luanxian–Jianchang Fault in early Mesoproterozoic times. The deposition of tsunamiites occurred in a coastal environment and involved several stages, from the origin, propagation, inundation, and deposition to the backwash flow. The geodynamic backgrounds of the tsunami event in the North China Craton are consistent with the breakup event of the Columbia supercontinent in the Mesoproterozoic. Some events, such as tsunamis and volcanism, are all controlled by extensional rift systems and should be recognized as effects of the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent in the North China Craton. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Art and the brain: a view from dementia
Authors: Gretton Cosima , ffytche Dominic H.
Published: August 2013

Objective

Art making encompasses a range of perceptual and cognitive functions involving widely distributed brain systems. The dementias impact on these systems in different ways, raising the possibility that each dementia has a unique artistic signature.

Design

Here we use a review of the visual art of 14 artists with dementia (five Alzheimer's disease, seven fronto‐temporal dementia and two dementia with Lewy bodies) to further our understanding of the neurobiological constituents of art production and higher artistic function.

Results

Artists with Alzheimer's disease had prominent changes in spatial aspects of their art and attributes of colour and contrast. These qualities were preserved in the art of fronto‐temporal dementia, which was characterised by perseverative themes and a shift towards realistic representation. The art of dementia with Lewy Bodies was characterised by simple, bizarre content.

Conclusions

The limitations of using visual aspects of individual artworks to infer the impact of dementia on art production are discussed with the need for a wider perspective encompassing changes in cognition, emotion, creativity and artistic personality. A novel classificatory scheme is presented to help characterise neural mechanisms of higher artistic functions in future studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The hard Test Your Memory. Evaluation of a short cognitive test to detect mild Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Brown Jeremy M. , Wiggins Julie , Dong Huan , Harvey Rebecca , Richardson Frances , Hunter Kristina , Dawson Kate , Parker Richard A.
Published: August 2013

Objective

The aim of this study is the evaluation of a novel cognitive test, the hard Test Your Memory (H‐TYM), in the detection of mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

Methods

This paper uses a prospective study in an outpatient memory clinic. We recruited 97 patients with a diagnosis of mild AD or aMCI aged between 50 and 80 years. All scored 20 or more on the mini mental state examination (MMSE). We recruited 200 controls from a similar background. The patients were given a novel short cognitive test (H‐TYM) designed to test recall of newly learnt visual and verbal material together with the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Assessment Revised, MMSE, and TYM test.

Results

Alzheimer's disease/aMCI patients completed the H‐TYM with an average recall score of 6.69 (SD 3.45); control participants scored an average of 20.4 (SD 4.54). The H‐TYM detected 95% of cases of mild AD/aMCI on the basis of an optimum cutoff point. The area under the receiver operating characteristic for the H‐TYM ratio was calculated to be 0.989 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.980–0.997.

Conclusions

The H‐TYM test has an excellent ability to discriminate between AD/aMCI cases and healthy controls. The H‐TYM is a useful tool for the detection of mild AD/aMCI, and it detects AD/aMCI in the majority of patients who “pass” the MMSE and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Assessment Revised. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age, gender, and education are associated with cognitive performance in an older Israeli sample with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Guerrero‐Berroa Elizabeth , Ravona‐Springer Ramit , Schmeidler James , Silverman Jeremy M. , Sano Mary , Koifmann Keren , Preiss Rachel , Hoffman Hadas , Heymann Anthony , Schnaider Beeri Michal
Published: August 2013

Objective

To evaluate the relationships of age, education, and gender with performance on neuropsychological tests in a cognitively intact, older Israeli sample with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

We examined 862 participants, 65–84 years old, enrolled in the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline study. Multiple regression assessed associations of performance on 17 neuropsychological tests, including the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuropsychological battery, with age, education, and gender.

Results

Higher education and younger age were consistently associated with better performance. Women outperformed men on all memory tasks; men outperformed women on two non‐verbal measures. These patterns of demographic associations with cognitive performance were very similar to those of US cohorts.

Conclusions

In a cognitively intact, older Israeli sample with T2D, better test performance is associated primarily with higher education, followed by younger age and gender differences. Although T2D is associated with cognitive deficits, it recapitulates the patterns of relationships between cognitive performance and demographic characteristics seen in non‐T2D diabetic samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovery of a gliding salt‐detached megaslide, Calabria, Ionian Sea, Italy
Authors: Minelli Liliana , Billi Andrea , Faccenna Claudio , Gervasi Anna , Guerra Ignazio , Orecchio Barbara , Speranza Giulio
Published: August 2013

Integrating seismic reflection profiles, well logs, and field evidence with GPS velocities from a network installed in Calabria, southern Italy, we have discovered that the Crotone basin is gliding toward the Ionian Sea over a buried viscous salt layer. This previously unknown megaslide (~1000 km2) is characterized by an onshore updip extensional domain and an offshore downdip toe‐thrust rim. The GPS velocity from the Crotone station is significantly higher than velocities from other stations in the region and differently oriented. We ascribe at least part of the anomalous GPS velocity from the Crotone station to the seaward motion of the megaslide or part of it. From the GPS velocity and other evidence, we obtain a viscosity of the buried salt layer within the known range of rock salt viscosity in nature.
Two‐dimensional simulations of the tsunami dynamo effect using the finite element method
Authors: Minami Takuto , Toh Hiroaki
Published: August 2013

Conductive seawater moving in the geomagnetic main field generates electromotive force in the ocean. This effect is well known as the “oceanic dynamo effect.” Recently, it has been reported that tsunamis are also associated with the oceanic dynamo effect, and tsunami‐induced electromagnetic field variations were actually observed on the seafloor. For instance, our research group succeeded in observing tsunami‐induced magnetic variations on the seafloor in the northwest Pacific at the time of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. In this study, we developed a time domain tsunami dynamo simulation code using the finite element method to explain the tsunami‐induced electromagnetic variations observed on the seafloor. Our simulations successfully reproduced the observed seafloor magnetic variations as large as 3 nT. It was also revealed that an initial rise in the horizontal magnetic component prior to the tsunami arrival as large as 1 nT was induced by the tsunami.
Subaqueous melting of Store Glacier, west Greenland from three‐dimensional, high‐resolution numerical modeling and ocean observations
Authors: Xu Yun , Rignot Eric , Fenty Ian , Menemenlis Dimitris , Flexas M. Mar
Published: August 2013

We present three‐dimensional, high‐resolution simulations of ice melting at the calving face of Store Glacier, a tidewater glacier in West Greenland, using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model. We compare the simulated ice melt with an estimate derived from oceanographic data. The simulations show turbulent upwelling and spreading of the freshwater‐laden plume along the ice face and the vigorous melting of ice at rates of meters per day. The simulated August 2010 melt rate of 2.0±0.3 m/d is within uncertainties of the melt rate of 3.0±1.0 m/d calculated from oceanographic data. Melting is greatest at depth, above the subglacial channels, causing glacier undercutting. Melt rates increase proportionally to thermal forcing raised to the power of 1.2–1.6 and to subglacial water flux raised to the power of 0.5–0.9. Therefore, in a warmer climate, Store Glacier melting by ocean may increase from both increased ocean temperature and subglacial discharge.
RNA Interference Against Cancer/Testis Genes Identifies Dual Specificity Phosphatase 21 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Deng Qing , Li Kun-Yu , Chen Hui , Dai Ji-Hong , Zhai Yang-Yang , Wang Qun , Li Niu , Wang Yu-Ping , Han Ze-Guang
Published: August 2013

Cancer/testis (CT) antigens have been considered therapeutic targets for treating cancers. However, a central question is whether their expression contributes to tumorigenesis or if they are functionally irrelevant by-products derived from the process of cellular transformation. In any case, these CT antigens are essential for cancer cell survival and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Recently, the cell-based RNA interference (RNAi) screen has proven to be a powerful approach for identifying potential therapeutic targets. In this study we sought to identify new CT antigens as potential therapeutic targets for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and 179 potential CT genes on the X chromosome were screened through a bioinformatics analysis of gene expression profiles. Then an RNAi screen against these potential CT genes identified nine that were required for sustaining the survival of Focus and PLC/PRF/5 cells. Among the nine genes, the physiologically testis-restricted dual specificity phosphatase 21 (DUSP21) encoding a dual specificity phosphatase was up-regulated in 39 (33%) of 118 human HCC specimens. Ectopic DUSP21 had no obvious impact on proliferation and colony formation in HCC cells. However, DUSP21 silencing significantly suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, and

in vivo

tumorigenicity in HCC cells. The administration of adenovirus-mediated RNAi and an atelocollagen/siRNA mixture against endogenous

DUSP21

significantly suppressed xenograft HCC tumors in mice. Further investigations showed that DUSP21 knockdown led to arrest of the cell cycle in G1 phase, cell senescence, and expression changes of some factors with functions in the cell cycle and/or senescence. Furthermore, the antiproliferative role of DUSP21 knockdown is through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in HCC.

Conclusion

: DUSP21 plays an important role in sustaining HCC cell proliferation and may thus act as a potential therapeutic target in HCC treatment. (Hepatology 2014;59:518–530)