bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Competition of Three Parasitoid Wasps, Brachymeria podagrica, Dirhinus himalayanus, and Nasonia vitripennis, in Their Host, Sarcophaga dux, in Single and Mixed Infections
Authors: Schuster Rolf K. , Sivakumar Saritha
Published: July 2024

Laboratory trials were carried out to investigate the development of three entomophagous parasitoid wasps in preimaginal stages of Sarcophaga dux in monoinfections and mixed infections. Laboratory-raised postfeeding S. dux third-stage larvae were exposed to Brachymeria podagrica. After pupation, 50 of these fly puparia were brought in contact with pupal parasitoid Dirhinus himalayanus and 50 with Nasonia vitripennis, and the remaining 50 puparia were left as Brachymeria monoinfection. In three further trials, each set of 50 freshly pupated host puparia from the same source was exposed to N. vitripennis and D. himalayanus, as monoinfections and mixed infections, respectively. The uninfected control group consisted of 50 S. dux larvae that were kept separately under the same conditions. The percentages of successfully developed B. podagrica and D. himalayanus in monoinfections were 56 and 86%, respectively, and progeny of N. vitripennis hatched from 88% of the exposed host puparia. In mixed infections, N. vitripennis dominated over B. podagrica and D. himalayanus with rates of successfully infected hosts of 50 and 94%, respectively. The number of Nasonia progeny in these groups ranged from 4 to 49 and 5 to 43, respectively. Dirhinus himalayanus did not develop in the simultaneous infection with N. vitripennis. Not a single S. dux eclosed in the six experimental groups, while in the uninfected control group, 46 (92%) adult flies eclosed 11 to 14 days after the start of pupation. Since the three parasitoids emerge from flesh fly pupae, these insects can become important in criminal forensic investigations when corpses are in an advanced stage of decay. More data on their preimaginal development at different temperatures are necessary.
CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Genome Engineering in Plants: Application and Prospectives
Authors: Mishra Swetaleena , Nayak Subhendu , Tuteja Narendra , Poosapati Sowmya , Swain Durga Madhab , Sahoo Ranjan Kumar
Published: July 2024

Genetic engineering has become an essential element in developing climate-resilient crops and environmentally sustainable solutions to respond to the increasing need for global food security. Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas [Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein (Cas)] technology is being applied to a variety of organisms, including plants. This technique has become popular because of its high specificity, effectiveness, and low production cost. Therefore, this technology has the potential to revolutionize agriculture and contribute to global food security. Over the past few years, increasing efforts have been seen in its application in developing higher-yielding, nutrition-rich, disease-resistant, and stress-tolerant “crops”, fruits, and vegetables. Cas proteins such as Cas9, Cas12, Cas13, and Cas14, among others, have distinct architectures and have been used to create new genetic tools that improve features that are important for agriculture. The versatility of Cas has accelerated genomic analysis and facilitated the use of CRISPR/Cas to manipulate and alter nucleic acid sequences in cells of different organisms. This review provides the evolution of CRISPR technology exploring its mechanisms and contrasting it with traditional breeding and transgenic approaches to improve different aspects of stress tolerance. We have also discussed the CRISPR/Cas system and explored three Cas proteins that are currently known to exist: Cas12, Cas13, and Cas14 and their potential to generate foreign-DNA-free or non-transgenic crops that could be easily regulated for commercialization in most countries.
Contrasting Phenological Patterns and Reproductive Strategies in Closely Related Monoecious Fig Tree Species
Authors: Cerezini Monise T. , Rattis Ludmila , Furini Paulo R. , Pereira Rodrigo A. S.
Published: July 2024

Understanding the ecological and evolutionary aspects of mutualistic interactions is essential for predicting species responses to environmental changes. This study aimed to investigate the phenological patterns and reproductive strategies in two closely related fig tree species, Ficus citrifolia and Ficus eximia. We monitored 99 F. citrifolia and 21 F. eximia trees weekly from January 2006 to April 2011 in an area close to the southern edge of the tropical region in Brazil. Our results revealed contrasting phenological patterns between the two species, with F. citrifolia displaying an annual flowering pattern (1.4 episodes per tree per year) and F. eximia a supra-annual pattern (0.5 episodes per tree per year). We also found significant differences in reproductive strategies, with F. eximia producing more pistillate flowers and, consequently, more seeds and pollinating wasps per fig than F. citrifolia, likely as an adaptation to overcome limitations of low population density by maximizing the gene flow. As the shorter-lived organism, the fig wasp was found to influence critical processes associated with the success and stability of mutualism, such as fig development and ripening. Our findings emphasize the importance of understanding the intricate interactions between mutualistic partners and their adaptive responses to environmental conditions in shaping fig tree populations’ reproductive strategies and genetic structure.
Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Glycogen and Glycogen Phosphorylase b Complexes
Authors: Karakousi Pandora , Karayianni Maria , Chrysina Evangelia D. , Pispas Stergios
Published: July 2024

Glycogen is a natural polysaccharide used as an energy storage macromolecule. The role of glycogen metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus has been under investigation for several years, along with its implication in cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies using pig liver glycogen with rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase (RMGPb), which catalyzes the first step of glycogen degradation to glucose-1-phosphate, showed that the surface of an average glycogen molecule is covered by a total of 20 RMGPb dimeric molecules. In this work, we selected oyster glycogen (Glyc) to investigate its interaction with RMGPb by employing biophysical techniques. Dynamic, static, and electrophoretic light scattering were used to investigate the solution behaviors and structures of both the Glyc molecule itself and the formed complexes between Glyc and GPb at different mixing ratios. It was established that the interaction between oyster Glyc and RMGPb is similar to that previously reported for pig liver glycogen. Moreover, the structure of the complexed GPb was monitored by fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy.
Incorporation of Liquid WTP Sludge into Compacted Soil–Cement Mixtures
Authors: Ribeiro Julio Marcos Gomes , Lautenschlager Carlos Emmanuel Ribeiro , Santos Matheus Ferreira Alves , Sabino Simone do Rocio Ferraz , Vieira Luiz Gustavo de Miranda , Gonçalves Giovanna , Pietrobelli Juliana Martins Teixeira de Abreu
Published: July 2024

The sludge from water treatment plants (WTP) is a waste from the water process. This study evaluated the effect of incorporating water treatment plant (WTP) sludge, replacing the water used in compacted soil–cement mixtures. The materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) associated with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The soil, with the addition of liquid WTP sludge, presented an apparent dry specific weight (ƴd) of 1.77 gf·cm−3, the optimum moisture value in the compaction test of 15%, and the cement contents tested were 7, 11, and 14%. The specimens were molded using a WTP sludge–cement–soil mixture under the conditions mentioned above, and the simple compression results showed values within the range of 2.5 to 9.3 MPa, as specified by the Brazilian Technical Standard (NBR) 8491/2012. The hydraulic conductivity performed on the test specimen after 28 days of curing resulted in a coefficient (k) of 7.49 × 10−9 cm·s−1, classified as little permeable. The result obtained from aluminum leaching was 0.12 mg·L−1, within the maximum limit allowed by NBR 10004/2004. Therefore, liquid WTP sludge has a significant capacity for incorporation into the compacted soil–cement mixture and the potential to manufacture ecological bricks, an alternative environmentally sustainable brick.
Highly Adsorptive Organic Xerogels for Efficient Removal of Metformin from Aqueous Solutions: Experimental and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Aguilar-Maruri S. A. , Perera-Triana D. , Flórez Elizabeth , Forgionny Angélica , Palestino Gabriela , Gómez-Durán C. F. A. , Ocampo-Pérez Raúl
Published: July 2024

Metformin, widely prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes for its effectiveness and low cost, has raised concerns about its presence in aqueous effluents and its potential environmental and public health impacts. To address this issue, xerogels were synthesized from resorcinol and formaldehyde, with molar ratios ranging from 0.05 to 0.40. These xerogels were thoroughly characterized using FT-IR, SEM, TGA, and TEM analyses. Batch adsorption experiments were performed with standard metformin solutions at concentrations of 50 and 500 mg/L, varying pH, and temperature to determine the adsorption isotherms of the synthesized xerogels. The adsorption data revealed a maximum adsorption capacity of 325 mg/g at pH 11 and 25 °C. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that electrostatic interactions govern metformin adsorption onto xerogels. The xerogels’ adsorption capacity was evaluated in competitive systems with CaCl2, NaCl, MgCl2, and synthetic urines. Reuse cycles demonstrated that xerogels could be reused for up to three cycles without any loss in adsorptive efficiency. The adsorption mechanisms of metformin in the adsorption process highlight the strong electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds between the adsorbate and the adsorbent material. Xerogels synthesized show promise as efficient adsorbents to remove metformin from aqueous solutions, helping to mitigate its environmental impact.
Overflow Identification and Early Warning of Managed Pressure Drilling Based on Series Fusion Data-Driven Model
Authors: Liu Wei , Fu Jiasheng , Deng Song , Huang Pengpeng , Zou Yi , Shi Yadong , Cai Chuchu
Published: July 2024

Overflow is one of the complicated working conditions that often occur in the drilling process. If it is not discovered and controlled in time, it will cause gas invasion, kick, and blowout, which will bring inestimable accidents and hazards. Therefore, overflow identification and early warning has become a hot spot and a difficult problem in drilling engineering. In the face of the limitations and lag of traditional overflow identification methods, the poor application effect, and the weak mechanisms of existing models and methods, a method of series fusion of feature data obtained from physical models as well as sliding window and random forest machine learning algorithm models is proposed. The overflow identification and early warning model of managed pressure drilling based on a series fusion data-driven model is established. The research results show that the series fusion data-driven model in this paper is superior to the overflow identification effect of other feature data and algorithm models, and the overflow recognition accuracy on the test samples reaches more than 99%. In addition, when the overflow is identified, the overflow warning is performed through the pop-up window and feature information output. The research content provides guidance for the identification of drilling overflow and the method of model fusion.
Correction: Jain et al. Proteomic Approach for Comparative Analysis of the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant and Other Pango Lineages. Proteomes 2022, 10, 34
Authors: Jain Mukul , Patil Nil , Gor Darshil , Sharma Mohit Kumar , Goel Neha , Kaushik Prashant
Published: July 2024

In the publication [...]
SPA: Annotating Small Object with a Single Point in Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Zhao Wenjie , Fang Zhenyu , Cao Jun , Ju Zhangfeng
Published: July 2024

Detecting oriented small objects is a critical task in remote sensing, but the development of high-performance deep learning-based detectors is hindered by the need for large-scale and well-annotated datasets. The high cost of creating these datasets, due to the dense and numerous distribution of small objects, significantly limits the application and development of such detectors. To address this problem, we propose a single-point-based annotation approach (SPA) based on the graph cut method. In this framework, user annotations act as the origin of positive sample points, and a similarity matrix, computed from feature maps extracted by deep learning networks, facilitates an intuitive and efficient annotation process for building graph elements. Utilizing the Maximum Flow algorithm, SPA derives positive sample regions from these points and generates oriented bounding boxes (OBBOXs). Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of SPA, with at least a 50% improvement in annotation efficiency. Furthermore, the intersection-over-union (IoU) metric of our OBBOX is 3.6% higher than existing methods such as the “Segment Anything Model”. When applied in training, the model annotated with SPA shows a 4.7% higher mean average precision (mAP) compared to models using traditional annotation methods. These results confirm the technical advantages and practical impact of SPA in advancing small object detection in remote sensing.
A Method for Estimating Soybean Sowing, Beginning Seed, and Harvesting Dates in Brazil Using NDVI-MODIS Data
Authors: Santana Cleverton Tiago Carneiro de , Sanches Ieda Del’Arco , Caldas Marcellus Marques , Adami Marcos
Published: July 2024

Brazil, as a global player in soybean production, contributes about 35% to the world’s supply and over half of its agricultural exports. Therefore, reliable information about its development becomes imperative to those who follow the market. Thus, this study estimates three phenological stages of soybean crops (sowing, beginning seed, and harvesting dates), identifying spatial–temporal patterns of soybean phenology using phenological metric extraction techniques from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time-series data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. Focused on the state of Paraná, this study validates the methodology using reference data from the Department of Rural Economics (DERAL). Subsequently, the model was applied to the major Brazilian soybean area cultivation. The results demonstrate strong agreement between the phenological estimates and reference data, showcasing the reliability of phenological metrics in capturing the stages of the soybean cycle. This study represents the first attempt, to the best of our knowledge, to correlate the vegetative peak of soybeans with the beginning seed stage at a large scale within Brazilian territory. Amidst the urgent need for the accurate estimation of agricultural crop phenological stages, particularly considering extreme weather events threatening global food security, this research emphasizes the continual importance of advancing techniques for soybean monitoring.
Numerical Simulation and Design of a Mechanical Structure of an Ankle Exoskeleton for Elderly People
Authors: Rojas Ammir , Ronceros Julio , Raymundo Carlos , Zapata Gianpierre , Vinces Leonardo , Ronceros Gustavo
Published: July 2024

This article presents the numerical simulation and design of an ankle exoskeleton oriented to elderly users. For the design, anatomical measurements were taken from a user of this age group to obtain an ergonomic, resistant, and exceptionally reliable mechanical structure. In addition, the design was validated to support a “weight range” of users between 50 and 80 kg in order to evaluate the reaction of the mechanism within the range of loads generated in relation to the first principal stress, the safety coefficient, the Von Mises stress, and principal deformations, for which the 3D CAD software Autodesk Inventor and theoretical correlations were used to calculate the displacement and rotation angles of the ankle in the structure. Likewise, two types of materials were evaluated: ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) and a polymer reinforced with carbon fiber. Finally, the designed pieces were assembled with the guarantee that the mobility of the system had been validated through the numerical simulation environment, highlighting that by being generated through 3D printing, manufacturing costs are reduced, allowing them to be accessible and ensuring that more people can benefit from this ankle exoskeleton.
Study on Spatial Effects of Influencing Factors and Zoning Strategies for PM2.5 and CO2 Synergistic Reduction
Authors: Jia Zimu , Sun Shida , Zhao Deming , Bo Yu , Wang Zifa
Published: July 2024

China has identified the synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions as a crit ical component of its environmental protection and climate mitigation efforts. An assessment of this synergy can provide clarity on the strategic management of both air pollution and carbon emissions. Due to the extensive regional differences in China, the spatial effects of influencing factors on this synergy exhibit variation across different provinces. In this study, the reduction indexes of PM2.5 and CO2 were calculated based on their reduction bases, reduction efforts, and reduction stabilities across provinces. Then, the synergistic reduction effect was assessed using an exponential function with the PM2.5 reduction index as the base and the CO2 reduction index as the exponent. Next, the MGWR model was applied in order to analyze the influencing factors of the synergistic reduction effect, considering natural settings, socioeconomic conditions, and external emission impacts. Finally, the k-means clustering method was utilized to classify provinces into different categories based on the degree of impact of each influencing factor. The results indicated that air circulation, vegetation, tertiary industry ratio, and emission reduction efficiency are major impact indicators that have a positive effect. The topography and emissions from neighboring provinces have a statistically significant negative impact. The spatial influences of different factors exhibit a distribution trend characterized by a high-high cluster and a low-low cluster. A total of 31 provinces are divided into three categories, and suggestions on the corresponding category are proposed, to provide a scientific reference to the synergistic reduction of PM2.5 and CO2.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Spatiotemporal Patterns of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Xinjiang, China, during 2004–2021
Authors: Zhao Jiangshan , Zhang Yue , Zhang Haiting , Wang Shuo , He Haibo , Shi Guangzhong , Maimaitijiang Wumaier , Hou Yanyan , Zhang Ling , Yin Jianhai , Wang Yi , Cao Jianping
Published: July 2024

The spread of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a serious global zoonotic parasitic disease, is mostly under control; however, several cases have been reported in recent decades in Xinjiang, China. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological status and spatiotemporal clustering characteristics of VL in Xinjiang, China, between 2004 and 2021 to provide a basis for the development and implementation of surveillance and response measures. Data on VL incidence during 2004–2021 were collected from the National Diseases Reporting Information System of China. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis, identification of local indicators of spatial association, and spatial–temporal clustering analysis were conducted to identify the distribution and high-risk areas. A total of 2034 VL cases were reported, with a mean annual incidence of 0.50 per 100,000. There was a general decreasing trend in the incidence of VL during our study period. The majority of the cases were reported from October to February of the following year, and fewer cases were reported from April to July. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that the incidence of VL was spatially clustered within a few counties. Significant differences were observed during the study period (Moran’s I = 0.74, Z = 4.900, p < 0.05). The male-to-female ratio was 1.37:1, and most patients were in the age group 0–3 years. Cases were primarily distributed in seven regions and two autonomous prefectures, and Kashgar reported the highest number of cases (1688, 82.98%). Spatial analysis revealed that the aggregation of VL was predominantly observed in southwest Xinjiang. This was in alignment with the high-risk areas identified by spatiotemporal clustering analysis. The H-H clustering region was primarily observed in Gashi, Atushi, Shufu, Injisha, Kashgar, Yepuhu, and Bachu. These findings indicate that integrated control measures must be taken in different endemic areas to strengthen the VL control program in Xinjiang, China.
Parallel Multifactorial Process Optimization and Intensification for High-Yield Production of Live YF17D-Vectored Zika Vaccine
Authors: Göbel Sven , Kazemi Ozeir , Ma Ji , Jordan Ingo , Sandig Volker , Paulissen Jasmine , Kerstens Winnie , Thibaut Hendrik , Reichl Udo , Dallmeier Kai , Genzel Yvonne
Published: July 2024

The live-attenuated yellow fever 17D strain is a potent vaccine and viral vector. Its manufacture is based on embryonated chicken eggs or adherent Vero cells. Both processes are unsuitable for rapid and scalable supply. Here, we introduce a high-throughput workflow to identify suspension cells that are fit for the high-yield production of live YF17D-based vaccines in an intensified upstream process. The use of an automated parallel ambr15 microbioreactor system for screening and process optimization has led to the identification of two promising cell lines (AGE1.CR.pIX and HEKDyn) and the establishment of optimized production conditions, which have resulted in a >100-fold increase in virus titers compared to the current state of the art using adherent Vero cells. The process can readily be scaled up from the microbioreactor scale (15 mL) to 1 L stirred tank bioreactors. The viruses produced are genetically stable and maintain their favorable safety and immunogenicity profile, as demonstrated by the absence of neurovirulence in suckling BALB/c mice and consistent seroprotection in AG129 mice. In conclusion, the presented workflow allows for the rapid establishment of a robust, scalable, and high-yield process for the production of live-attenuated orthoflavivirus vaccines, which outperforms current standards. The approach described here can serve as a model for the development of scalable processes and the optimization of yields for other virus-based vaccines that face challenges in meeting growing demands.
Vaccination Rates and Influencing Factors in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis and Immunosuppressive Treatment—A Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ocak Tuğba , İldemir Ekizoğlu Selin , Yağız Burcu , Coşkun Belkıs Nihan , Dalkılıç Ediz , Pehlivan Yavuz
Published: July 2024

Patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) who receive immunosuppressive therapy are at risk of infection due to impaired immune function and immunosuppressive medication. Vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing infections in this population. However, vaccination rates and factors influencing vaccination uptake in axSpA patients still need to be adequately studied. This study was designed to determine the vaccination rates of vaccines covered by health insurance in this particular group in Turkey and attitudes towards vaccines and infections. This survey included 199 patients with axSpA who visited our outpatient clinic in June, July, and August 2023 and received biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. The mean age of the participants was 43.7 ± 0.7 years, and the majority were male (66.3%). The majority of the patients were vaccinated against COVID-19 (85.4%), followed by hepatitis B (41.2%), influenza (20.1%), and pneumococcal pneumonia (10.5%). While awareness of COVID-19 vaccination was widespread (100%), knowledge of other vaccines was lower (hepatitis B 80.9%, influenza 70.3%, pneumococcal 60.3%, respectively). Educational interventions targeting patients and healthcare professionals are needed to improve vaccination rates in this population. Our findings emphasize the need for strategies to increase vaccination rates in axSpA patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Removing barriers to vaccination and raising awareness of the importance of vaccination are critical to optimizing vaccination practices in this vulnerable population.
Immunogenic Comparison of Nucleic Acid-Based Vaccines Administered by Pyro-Drive Jet Injector
Authors: Tai Jiayu A. , Nishikawa Tomoyuki , Hayashi Hiroki , Kuan Yu-Diao , Yamashita Kunihiko , Nakagami Hironori
Published: July 2024

mRNA vaccines were successfully developed and approved for emergency use to fight coronavirus disease 2019. However, the effect of DNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is considerably lower than that of mRNA vaccines. A pyro-drive jet injector (PJI) efficiently delivers plasmid DNA intradermally into animal models. Here, we compared the immunogenic potential of DNA and mRNA vaccines in mice using the same platform. PJI was used to deliver naked mRNA and pDNA and their efficacy in inducing antigen expression and immune responses was assessed. Our results showed that PJI efficiently delivered mRNA into the skin, and a smaller effective dose than that of pDNA injection was required to achieve similar levels of antigen expression. The PJI-delivered CpG-free pDNA vaccine efficiently induced antigen-specific antibody production and a cell-mediated IFN-γ response compared to the mRNA vaccine, as well as the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-1β) in the skin and lymph nodes. However, the intradermal mRNA vaccine was significantly less immunogenic than the standard intramuscular mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine, despite equivalent mRNA dosages. Improvements in lipid nanoparticle and mRNA technology have revolutionized mRNA vaccines, and DNA vaccines can be similarly modified for higher clinical efficacy.
Development and Clinical Application of a Molecular Assay for Four Common Porcine Enteroviruses
Authors: Xin Zhonghao , Li Shiheng , Lu Xiao , Liu Liping , Gao Yuehua , Hu Feng , Yu Kexiang , Ma Xiuli , Li Yufeng , Huang Bing , Wu Jiaqiang , Guo Xiaozhen
Published: July 2024

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and porcine rotavirus-A (PoRVA) are the four main pathogens that cause viral diarrhea in pigs, and they often occur in mixed infections, which are difficult to distinguish only according to clinical symptoms. Here, we developed a multiplex TaqMan-probe-based real-time RT-PCR method for the simultaneous detection of PEDV, TGEV, PDCoV, and PoRVA for the first time. The specific primers and probes were designed for the M protein gene of PEDV, N protein gene of TGEV, N protein gene of PDCoV, and VP7 protein gene of PoRVA, and corresponding recombinant plasmids were constructed. The method showed extreme specificity, high sensitivity, and excellent repeatability; the limit of detection (LOD) can reach as low as 2.18 × 102 copies/μL in multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay. A total of 97 clinical samples were used to compare the results of the conventional reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and this multiplex real-time RT-PCR for PEDV, TGEV, PDCoV, and PoRVA detection, and the results were 100% consistent. Subsequently, five randomly selected clinical samples that tested positive were sent for DNA sequencing verification, and the sequencing results showed consistency with the detection results of the conventional RT-PCR and our developed method in this study. In summary, this study developed a multiplex real-time RT-PCR method for simultaneous detection of PEDV, TGEV, PDCoV, and PoRVA, and the results of this study can provide technical means for the differential diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of these four porcine viral diarrheic diseases.
Development of an Improved Communication Control System for ATV Electric Vehicles Using MRS Developers Studio
Authors: Donjaroennon Natthapon , Nambunlue Wattana , Nuchkum Suphatchakan , Leeton Uthen
Published: July 2024

Transmission, energy management, and distribution systems are critical components of modern electric vehicles, encompassing all sectors of the power system through communication control technology. One widely used communication system in electric vehicles is the Controller Area Network (CAN). This research aims to investigate the development of CAN BUS technology, adapted from large trucks, to control the communication system within an ATV electric vehicle using a communication format similar to bus Communication. The communication control system includes several components: the engine switch, headlight, turn signal, emergency light, horn, forward/reverse gear, and accelerator. The system’s communication protocols were developed using MRS Developers Studio version 1.40 software to create the data transmission and reception formats for the vehicle’s components. The communication system employs three PLC 1.033.30B.00 type E control boxes, each with limited analog and digital input/output ports. The sequence of communication control begins with the engine start/stop operation, as the system will not function unless the engine is started first. The headlight operation is processed within the CAN BUS1 control box. Simultaneously, the turn signal and emergency light functions are controlled by CAN BUS1 and displayed on both the CAN BUS2 (front of the vehicle) and CAN BUS3 (rear of the vehicle) control boxes. Additionally, the accelerator function is managed within the CAN BUS2 control box and displayed on the CAN BUS3 control box. However, this operation is contingent upon the forward/reverse gear selection, managed by CAN BUS1 and processed by CAN BUS3. All system operations are designed within the software’s programming paths. The communication system operates using CAN-High and CAN-Low lines, and communication data fields can be monitored using the PCAN-View software version 4.2.1.533. This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of adapting CAN BUS technology for ATV electric vehicles, providing insights into the integration and control of various vehicular components within a unified communication framework.
Les opérations dites de ‘pushback’ de migrants en mer : analyse juridique d’une pratique dénoncée
Authors: Martin Jean-Christophe
Published: July 2024

The pushbacks of migrants at sea have multiplied in recent years, particularly in the Mediterranean. They are part of a strategy implemented by certain States of destination to prevent migrants from disembarking on their territory through a combination of measures. Although the modus operandi may vary, these operations at sea are denounced for their summary nature and varying degrees of inhumanity. Their legality under international law is assessed : on the one hand, with regard to the rules governing States’ enforcement jurisdiction and the obligation to rescue persons in distress at sea ; on the other hand, with regard to the rules guaranteeing fundamental human rights, whose extraterritorial application to pushbacks at sea is confirmed. These rules mutually support each other, requiring to ensure the safety of migrants in the context of coercive measures at sea, and protecting them against the risks of hazardous navigation and those incurred in and from the country to which they are returned.
La protection de l’environnement dans la Zone internationale des fonds marins : réflexions sur le droit à venir
Authors: Lanfranchi Marie-Pierre
Published: July 2024

The prospect of the development of resource exploitation activities in the Area, particularly of its mineral resources, increases the worrying pressure on the deep sea as never before. The environment of the Area is however reputed to be as remarkable as it is fragile ; it is also largely unknown. In this context, the question of the development of a law adapted to the emerging threats is urgent. Two parallel normative processes are underway that are expected to be completed in the near future. The first one is hosted by the International Seabed Authority (ISBA), the second is taking place in the framework of an intergovernmental conference mandated by the UN General Assembly. These parallel processes initially raise the question of the sources of environmental protection law in the deep sea. The present contribution explores the rationale for this fragmented and differentiated production of law, which itself raises the question of the articulation of future rules. In law and in fact, it appears that the law in gestation under the ISBA will occupy a central place. Thus, the second part of this contribution is devoted to questioning the environmental ambition of the future law on deep-sea mining. Since these are high-risk activities in a context of total scientific and technical uncertainty, it is understandable that the precautionary approach should be the basis of the law. The analysis of the rules being finalized then questions the way in which the law concretely declines this approach and attempts to highlight the strengths and limits of an infinitely complex normative exercise.
L’Accord sur le taux d’imposition minimum des multinationales et la taxation des entreprises numériques : une étape supplémentaire vers la constitution d’un ordre fiscal international autonome
Authors: Traversa Edoardo , Pascucci Fabrizio
Published: July 2024

Almost a century from its foundation, the international tax regime intended as a set of principles and rules governing cross-border income taxation is on the brink of unprecedented change. Due to the evolution in the ways MNEs conduct their business, on the one hand, and the proliferation of aggressive tax planning schemes and excessive tax competition, on the other, on 8 October 2021 more than 130 jurisdictions participating in the OECD Inclusive Framework have agreed to the OECD Two-Pillar Solution to address the tax challenges of the digital economy. Indicatively, the OECD Pillar One aims at reallocating taxing rights among countries by means of a new connecting factor (or nexus) based on the role that markets play in the modern economic context (hereby seeking to keep up with the evolution of digital companies’ business models). The approach of allocating taxing powers to states relying on the physical presence criterion [ permanent establishment] has become anachronistic given the possibility for (digital) companies to derive profits in a jurisdiction without tangible production factors located therein. The OECD Pillar Two, instead, introduces a 15% minimum global taxation to limit excessive tax competition among states and purports to promote a better allocation of investments at the global level, ideally enlarging residence states’ taxing powers. Noticeably, the second pillar also represents a major step forward in terms of harmonizing the computation of corporate taxable base. This contribution, after shortly describing the fundamental notions of international tax law from an international public law angle, traces the crucial steps that eventually led to the 2021 reform and presents an overview of the functioning of both the OECD Pillars.
Modeling Multi-Output Back-Propagation DNN for Forecasting Indonesian Export-Import
Authors: Maharsi Rengganis Woro , Saputra Wisnowan Hendy , Roosyidah Nila Ayu Nur , Prastyo Dedy Dwi , Rahayu Santi Puteri
Published: July 2024

Introduction/Main Objectives: International trade through the mechanisms of exports and imports plays a significant role in the Indonesian economy, making the timely availability of export and import value data crucial. Background Problems: Export and import values are influenced by inflation and exchange rate factors. Novelty: This study identifies two categories of variables, namely output (export value and import value) and input (inflation rate and the exchange rate of the Rupiah against the US Dollar). Research Methods: the research approach utilizes a Multi-output Deep Neural Network (DNN) with a Back-propagation algorithm to model the input-output relationship. The method can provide forecasting results for two or more bivariate or multivariate output variables. Finding/Results: The modeling analysis results indicate that the optimal model network structure is DNN (3.4). This model successfully predicts output 1 (export value) and output 2 (import value) with Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) rates of 13.76% and 13.63%, respectively. Additionally, the forecasting results show predicted export and import values for November to be US$ 16,208.13 billion and US$ 15,105.33 billion, respectively. These findings offer important insights into the direction of Indonesia's international trade movement, which can serve as a basis for future economic decision-making.
Tension-Type Headache: Classification, Diagnostic Criteria, and Principles of Treatment
Authors: Якубова Л.В.
Published: July 2024

Головная боль напряжения (ГБН) встречается с частотой от 30% до 78% в течение жизни в общей популяции. Целью данной публикации было ознакомить врачей с актуальной классификацией, диагностическими критериями и принципами лечения ГБН. В статье представлена актуальная классификация ГБН, разработанная Международным обществом головной боли (2018 г.). Подробно описаны диагностические критерии, представлены диагностический поиск, факторы хронизации ГБН. Приведены основные принципы лечения ГБН.

Tension-type headache (TTH) occurs in a lifetime incidence of 30% to 78% in the general population. The purpose of this publication was to familiarize physicians with the current TTH classification, diagnostic criteria and principles of treatment. The article presents the current TTH classification established by the International Headache Society (2018). Detailed diagnostic criteria are described; diagnostic search and TTH chronicity factors are presented. Basic principles of TTH treatment are given.
Bank Sampah sebagai Alternatif Strategi Pengelolaan Sampah Berbasis Masyarakat di Desa Kerubung Jaya
Authors: Mukhtar Harun , Rahma Dayani Lilian , Tiara Putri Rahma , Triana Dahar Ulya , Arviero L Tobing Yandi , Dermawan Aldi , Prayoga Yuda , Marcelino Ananda , Fatma Yulia
Published: July 2024

Salah satu permasalahan besar yang dialami kota-kota besar di Indonesia adalah persampahan. Sampah dapat diartikan sebagai konsekuensi adanya aktivitas kehidupan manusia. Kegiatan pengurangan sampah bertujuan agar seluruh lapisan masyarakat, baik pemerintah, dunia usaha, maupun masyarakat luas ; Reduce, Reuse, dan Recycle (3R) melalui upaya-upaya cerdas efisien dan terprogram. Kegiatan pengabdian ini berfokus pada penanggulangan sampah botol plastik yang ingin di daur ulang. Namun, kami juga membuat bank sampah untuk sampah organik dan non organik agar nantinya lebih mudah dibakar ataupun di daur ulang.
DESAIN EKSTERIOR PADA TK ISLAM NAHDHATUL ULAMA PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Muzakki Muzakki , Aghnaita Aghnaita , Setyaningsih Adila , Hairunnisa Hairunnisa , Norhikmah Norhikmah , Pirasintiya Pirasintiya
Published: July 2024

Kegiatan ini merupakan pengabdian pada masyarakat dosen dan mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini IAIN Palangka Raya yang berlansung di TK Islam Nahdhatul Ulama, Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah. Pada kondisi sekarang ini keadaan bangunan di TK Islam Nahdhatul Ulama sudah cukup baik namun lingkungan yang cukup luas tidak dimanfaatkan untuk membuat permaianan. Guru mengusulkan untuk merenovasi lingkungan diluar luar ruangan untuk menambahkan beberapa permainan bagi anak-anak. Tujuan dari  kegiatan ini adalah membantu guru untuk melakukan renovasi diluar ruangan sebagai acuan pengembangan stimulasi pada anak. Tahapan metode yang digunakan adalah dengan pengumpulan data yang meliputi bedah kelas, perilaku pengguna dan aktivitas serta jenis-jenis perabot yang mendukung. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan selama 1 bulan. Hasil yang dicapai pada kegiatan ini adalah desain eksterior dengan membuat beberapa permainan pada lingkungan diluar ruangan kelas.
Pemanfaatan Teknologi Kecerdasan Buatan & Pemasaran Digital Dalam Upaya Mendukung Peningkatan Penjualan Kelompok Usaha UMKM pada plutsulsel
Authors: Muawwal Ahyar , Renny Renny , Ilham Bahrul Ulum , Hasniati Hasniati
Published: July 2024

UMKM adalah unit usaha produktif yang berdiri sendiri, dimiliki oleh orang perorangan yang memenuhi kriteria tertentu dan menjadi penopang ekonomi bangsa. Tak terkecuali UMKM yang berada di plutsulsel merupakan aset ekonomi khususnya di provinsi Sulawesi selatan dan kota makassar namun keberadaannya dapat terancam dikarenakan tidak mengikuti perkembangan teknologi yang ada. Beberapa permasalahan yang ditemukan seperti UMKM terkendala dalam menyusun laporan keuangan, kendala pemasaran berbasis teknologi hingga tidak tersedianya media jualan yang mandiri dimana skill dalam pengelolaan yang juga masih minim. Dalam program Pengabdian ini dilakukan pendekatan metode sosialisasi, pendampingan dan pengembangan sistem dimana  pemanfaatan teknologi kecerdasan buatan dan pemasaran digital ini bertujuan untuk memberikan dukungan teknologi, manajemen promosi, pemasaran digital. Kegiatan kemitraan yang dilakukan terkait Peningkatan Penjualan Kelompok Usaha UMKM Pusat Layanan Usaha Terpadu melalui : (a) Pendekatan pendampingan pemanfaatan kecerdasan buatan dalam memudahkan manajemen usaha, pemasaran hingga peningkatan penjualan, (b) pendekatan Pendampingan Penerapan Sistem Informasi website yang dibangun menjadi marketplace lokal bersama mitra sebagai media dalam pemasaran digital (c) Pendekatan manajemen dan pelaporan keuangan digital sehingga memudahkan UMKM dalam mengelola manajemen pendapatan. Luaran kegiatan ini berupa peningkatan kompetensi dalam manajemen pemasaran, penjualan menggunakan tools kecerdasan buatan seperti chatgpt, aplikasi Marketplace lokal UMKM plutsulsel, dan manajemen keuangan menggunakan tools SIAPIK.
Edukasi Kebutuhan Dan Keinginan Untuk Hidup Hemat Dan Sehat Kepada Siswa Taman Kanak-Kanak
Authors: Leman Stacey Estephania , Patricia Michelle , Filmon Wilson , Malelak Mariana Ing
Published: July 2024

Menerapkan hidup sehat hemat sejak dini penting untuk dilakukan terutama pada siswa. Siswa yang masih dalam proses pertumbuhan sehingga akan lebih mudah dan cepat untuk mempelajari hal baru. Edukasi hidup hemat diberikan sebagai investasi bagi siswa agar terbiasa menghadapi berbagai tantangan keuangan di masa depan. Hidup hemat dikaitkan dengan membedakan antara kebutuhan dan keinginan (Needs or Wants) yang perlu diutamakan dalam kehidupan. Siswa harus dapat membedakan antara kebutuhan dan keinginan untuk menghindari perilaku konsumtif. Tujuan utama dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah menumbuhkan dan menanamkan kesadaran kepada siswa-siswi TK akan pentingnya membedakan kebutuhan atau keinginan dan bijak dalam mengelola keuangannya. Pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakan di Taman Kanak-kanak Santa Helena Sidoarjo dengan melibatkan 25 siswa. Kegiatan edukasi dilakukan melalui metode pelaksanaan fun learning seperti pemberian materi, video edukasi, dan berbagai aktivitas yang edukatif serta bermanfaat bagi siswa. Siswa sangat antusias mengikuti kegiatan dan mendapat banyak pembelajaran baru.
ANALISIS SWOT ALIRAN PINNI’ SUNGAI MAPI, EKOWISATA ALAM DESA TUBBI YANG BELUM TEREKSPOS
Authors: Masyhadiah Masyhadiah , Asis Abd. , Japri Muh. , Safira Monalisa
Published: July 2024

Pariwisata melibatkan perjalanan untuk rekreasi atau pelancongan. Salah satu bentuk wisata adalah ekowisata, yang berhubungan dengan alam dalam pembelajaran dan pengembangan lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis SWOT dengan tujuan untuk untuk mendeskripsikan potensi ekowisata, menyusun produk ekowisata potensial, mengevaluasi daya tarik wisatawan terhadap objek wisata, dan merancang produk ekowisata yang akan dikembangkan di aliran Pinni’. Adapun penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif studi kasus, karena peneliti berusaha menggambarkan proses dan kejadian di aliran sungai Mapi yang disebut Pinni’. Berdasarakan hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aliran Pinni’ memiliki banyak potensi karena lokasinya yang strategis, berada di tengah perkebunan warga dan memiliki aliran sungai yang deras, yang cocok untuk wisata memancing, menyelam, kuliner buah hasil kebun masyarakat, dan arung jeram.
PEMBUATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF MENGGUNAKAN MICROSOFT OFFICE POWER POINT DI TK PERTIWI SALEPPA MAJENE
Authors: Asdar Asdar , Latif Abdul , Rahayu Ayu
Published: July 2024

Pendidikan Taman Kanak-kanak merupakan bentuk pendidikan prasekolah yang memberikan program pendidikan dini untuk mempersiapkan anak memasuki pendidikan Sekolah Dasar. Salah cara yang dapat diterapkan adalah memberikan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran yang menarik dan kreatif. Untuk itu dibutuhkan keterampilan khusus bagi para guru TK untuk dapat membuat media pembelajaran interaktif dan menarik seperti media Power Point. Sekolah Tingkat Kanak-kanak yang menjadi mitra dalam pelaksanaan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini adalah TK Pertiwi Saleppa Majene. TK ini memiliki guru berstatus PNS sebanyak 6 orang dan non-PNS sebanyak 2 orang. Dengan demikian, jumlah peserta pada saat workshop paling sedikit 8 orang. TK ini berlokasi di Kecamatan Banggae, Kabupaten Majene, Provinsi Sulawesi Barat. Metode yang akan digunakan dalam PkM ini adalah Forum Group Discussion (FGD) ceramah, pelatihan dan pendampingan. Tahap pelaksanaan PkM meliputi (1) koordinasi dan analisis kebutuhan usulan, (2) membuat media power point, (3) pelatihan penggunaan media power point, (4) pendampingan di kelas penggunaan media power point, (5) evaluasi dan (6) pelaporan pelaksanaan kegiatan.
PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN GURU DALAM MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PERAGA KOTAK DADU LINUS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI DAN NUMERASI
Authors: Ulfah St. Maria , Ahmad Herlina , Latif Abdul , Syamsuddin Syamsuddin , Asdar Asdar , Nurainun Nurainun , Sulaimana Sulaimana
Published: July 2024

Masalah yang ditemukan oleh tim PkM dosen di SMK Mega Link Majene yakni guru dalam memberi soal di kelas belum memperhatikan indikator AKM, sehingga siswa belum terbiasa dengan soal-soal AKM. Hal ini mengakibatkan rendahnya nilai rata-rata AKM siswa Hal ini berarti kemampuan literasi dan numerasi masih membutuhkan cara dalam peningkatannya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut tim PkM memutuskan untuk melakukan pengabdian dengan melakukan pelatihan dan pendampingan guru dalam penggunaan alat peraga kotak dadu linus untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi dan numerasi siswa SMK Mega Link Majene. Alat peraga ini dirancang untuk membantu guru dalam melakukan pembelajaran di kelas dengan cara melakukan permainan dalam mengerjakan soal-soal sesuai indikator soal AKM. Sehingga siswa tidak merasa sedang melakukan aktivitas pembelajaran. Hal ini menjadi salah satu alternatif upaya dalam nilai AKM Kelas untuk memenuhi nilai standar. Setelah melakukan PkM diperoleh kesimpulan yaitu (1) terjadi peningkatan kemampuan literasi dan numerasi siswa SMK Mega Link Majene (2) terjadi peningkatan keterampilan pembuatan alat peraga bagi Guru SMK Mega Link Majene.