bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La iglesia del monasterio de Sant Pere de les Puel·les a través de la visita pastoral de la abadesa Violant d’Espés (1585-1587)
Authors: Crispí i Canton Marta
Published: June 2020

La iglesia del monasterio de Sant Pere de les Puel·les (Barcelona), consagrada en 1145, es uno de los escasos templos románicos conservados en Barcelona y, lamentablemente, un edificio poco estudiado debido a las profundas transformaciones que sufrió en los siglos XIX y XX. Una visita pastoral a la iglesia y a las dos sacristías realizada por la abadesa Violant d’Espés en 1585-1587 permite conocer con detalle los espacios, el mobiliario y el rico ajuar litúrgico del templo románico y, al mismo tiempo, comprender el alcance de las intervenciones arquitectónicas que modificaron la estructura de la iglesia en el siglo XV.
La historia temprana de la expansión portuguesa reflejada en destinos individuales: las Islas Atlánticas y la costa africana en las súplicas al Papa (ca. 1440-1510)
Authors: Esch Arnold
Published: June 2020

Este artículo se basa en los registros de súplicas de los archivos de la Penitenciaría Apostólica –durante mucho tiempo estrictamente cerrados e inaccesibles a la investigación- en los que personas de toda la cristiandad se dirigían al Papa para pedir absolución o dispensa en casos de violaciones del derecho canónico, cuestiones reservadas a Roma. Muchas súplicas, que tenían que empezar relatando detalladamente el caso personal, contienen alusiones a acontecimientos históricos. Alguien que hubiera participado en una pelea como clérigo –algo prohibido, por supuesto– podría describir por ejemplo episodios de la conquista turca de Constantinopla en 1453, el asedio de Rodas en 1480 o la batalla de Pavía en 1525. Alguien que hubiera desafiado el embargo papal, que prohibía proporcionar a los musulmanes materiales para la guerra, describiría las mercancías y las circunstancias del comercio mediterráneo. Desde la perspectiva inferior de la experiencia personal, este artículo se centra en los lugares y acontecimientos de la expansión portuguesa del siglo XV: las Azores, las islas de Cabo Verde, las islas de Guinea, etc; el destierro a islas despobladas y recién descubiertas; la condena de religiosos culpables de luchar por Ceuta contra los musulmanes (todos ellos utilizan al Papa como órgano de apelación, esta es la única razón por la que sabemos de ellos); maridos desaparecidos en el mar; el papel de la Orden de Cristo, y muchos otros casos. Además, a partir de una fuente que también ha sido ignorada durante mucho tiempo, los registros aduaneros romanos, se pueden encontrar referencias a las primeras llegadas a Roma de esclavos, animales y mercancías procedentes del sur del Sáhara, es decir, de empresas portuguesas que se dirigían a la costa occidental africana antes de llegar al Cabo.
Del rojo al negro: indicios de un cambio de mentalidad en fuentes medievales hispanas del siglo X
Authors: Martín Prieto Pablo
Published: June 2020

En este artículo se abordan algunos indicios de cambio de mentalidad acerca de la percepción y valor simbólico de los colores básicos en algunas fuentes medievales de la España cristiana. Cierta interesante diferencia de transmisión que afecta a una cita bíblica en concreto –Is 1, 18– hallada tanto en el Antifonario visigótico de la catedral de León como en un diploma real de Ramiro III, apunta a dicho cambio de mentalidad referido a la concepción del negro, y no ya del rojo, como el nuevo color en ser considerado como esencialmente opuesto al blanco. Este cambio se examina asimismo a la luz de algunos ejemplos tomados del acervo de la literatura cristiana occidental.
Noves perspectives per a una qüestió no resolta: per què Catalunya fou un principat i no un regne?
Authors: Palomo Reina Cristian
Published: June 2020

[ca] En aquest article abordarem per què durant el període baixmedieval Catalunya esdevingué un principat. Temàtica que inevitablement s’incardina en el fet que el territori català no comptés ofi cialment amb la categoria política de ‘regne’ i que ens mena a revisar i qüestionar l’explicació canònica d’aquest fet, bastida pel medievalista Ramon d’Abadal fa més de mig segle. A continuació, oferim noves perspectives i hipòtesis a partir de la darrera historiografia que ha tractat el tema.
La misión granadina de Maryam: la construcción de una imaginería mariana para los moriscos granadinos y la versión talaveriana de la Vita Christi de Francesc Eiximenis
Authors: Valdés Sánchez Amanda
Published: June 2020

En este artículo presento una nueva interpretación de las imágenes de molde de la Virgen encargadas al escultor Huberto Alemán por parte de Isabel la Católica y el arzobispo Fray Hernando de Talavera para las parroquias responsables de la instrucción religiosa de los moriscos recién convertidos en la Granada de 1500; explorando cómo la visión “islamizada” de la Virgen presente en la Vita Christi de Eiximenis, traducida al castellano e impresa años antes por Talavera como parte de su proyecto misional, pudo ser utilizada por el arzobispo para promover una interpretación de estas imágenes marianas como elementos clave en la educación espiritual de los moriscos granadinos del Albaicín.
Quantitative and Qualitative Perturbations of CD8+ MAITs in Healthy Mycobacterium tuberculosis–Infected Individuals
Authors: Pomaznoy Mikhail , Kuan Rebecca , Lindvall Mikaela , Burel Julie G , Seumois Grégory , Vijayanand Pandurangan , Taplitz Randy , Gilman Robert H , Saito Mayuko , Lewinsohn David M , Sette Alessandro , Peters Bjoern , Lindestam Arlehamn Cecilia S
Published: June 2020

CD8 T cells are considered important contributors to the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yet limited information is currently known regarding their specific immune signature and phenotype. In this study, we applied a cell population transcriptomics strategy to define immune signatures of human latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in memory CD8 T cells. We found a 41-gene signature that discriminates between memory CD8 T cells from healthy LTBI subjects and uninfected controls. The gene signature was dominated by genes associated with mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs) and reflected the lower frequency of MAITs observed in individuals with LTBI. There was no evidence for a conventional CD8 T cell–specific signature between the two cohorts. We, therefore, investigated MAITs in more detail based on Vα7.2 and CD161 expression and staining with an MHC-related protein 1 (MR1) tetramer. This revealed two distinct populations of CD8+Vα7.2+CD161+ MAITs: MR1 tetramer+ and MR1 tetramer−, which both had distinct gene expression compared with memory CD8 T cells. Transcriptomic analysis of LTBI versus noninfected individuals did not reveal significant differences for MR1 tetramer+ MAITs. However, gene expression of MR1 tetramer− MAITs showed large interindividual diversity and a tuberculosis-specific signature. This was further strengthened by a more diverse TCR-α and -β repertoire of MR1 tetramer− cells as compared with MR1 tetramer+. Thus, circulating memory CD8 T cells in subjects with latent tuberculosis have a reduced number of conventional MR1 tetramer+ MAITs as well as a difference in phenotype in the rare population of MR1 tetramer− MAITs compared with uninfected controls.
Waiting Times for Prostate Cancer: A Review
Authors: Lazzeri Giacomo , Troiano Gianmarco , Porchia Barbara Rita , Centauri Federica , Mezzatesta Vincenzo , Presicce Giorgio , Matarrese Daniela , Gusinu Roberto
Published: June 2020

Prostate cancer is one of the most common diagnosed cancers in men and the waiting time has become an important issue not only for clinical reasons, but also mostly for the psychological implications on patients. The aim of our study was to review and analyze the literature on waiting times for prostate cancer. In February-March 2019 we performed a search for original peerreviewed papers in the electronic database PubMed (MEDLINE). The key search terms were “prostate cancer AND waiting list”, “prostate cancer AND waiting times”. We included in our narrative review articles in Italian, English or French, published in 2009-2019 containing original data about the waiting times for prostate cancer. The literature search yielded 680 publications. Finally, we identified 8 manuscripts eligible for the review. The articles were published between 2010 and 2019; the studies involved a minimum of 16 to a maximum of 95438 participants. Studies have been conducted in 6 countries. The waiting times from cancer suspicion to histopathological diagnosis and to treatment had an important reduction in the last years, and this constant decrease could lead to an increase of patients’ satisfaction.
A Three-Question Framework to Facilitate Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Sibold Jeremy
Published: June 2020

Context: Highly developed critical thinking and the ability to discriminate among many possible therapeutic interventions is a core behavior for the practicing athletic trainer. However, while athletic training students receive a great deal of clinically applicable information, many are not explicitly trained in efficient methods for channeling this great volume of data into sound clinical decisions.

Objective: To propose a simple, three-question framework for prudent clinical decision making in therapeutic modalities and rehabilitation contexts.

Background: Athletic training education occurs in various settings, where students are immersed in basic cognitive and psychomotor proficiencies germane to the prevention, evaluation, treatment, and rehabilitation of injury and illness in the physically active. In clinical practice, the knowledge and demonstration of these proficiencies are vital to the development of sound clinical decision making.

Description: I propose a simple and repeatable three-question decision making scheme that includes questions related to clinical goal(s), target tissue(s), and modality choice(s), as a potential mechanism to improve athletic training students' decision making in the clinical arena.

Clinical Advantage(s): This simple framework is adaptable to many clinical settings and can help cultivate decision making abilities and confidence, especially in the less experienced clinician.

Conclusions: The ability to make sound clinical decisions is fundamental to athletic training. With simple cognitive frameworks, clinical educators can empower students to make sensible decisions in the clinical arena leading to improved student self-confidence and patient outcomes.
Clinical Preceptors' Perspectives on Clinical Education in Post-Professional Athletic Training Education Programs
Authors: Phan Kelvin , McCarty Cailee W. , Mutchler Jessica M , Van Lunen Bonnie
Published: June 2020

Context: Clinical education is the interaction between a clinical preceptor and student within the clinical setting to help the student progress as a clinician. Post-professional athletic training clinical education is especially important to improve these students' clinical knowledge and skills. However, little research has been conducted to assess the pedagogical principles for clinical education at this level or what factors are necessary to enhance the clinical skills and decision-making abilities of post-professional students. Therefore, exploring the perspectives of clinical preceptors involved in post-professional education will help educators understand what strategies are necessary to improve post-professional athletic training education programs (PPATEPs).

Objective: To qualitatively investigate clinical preceptors' perspectives and experiences regarding clinical education within PPATEPs.

Design: Consensual qualitative research (CQR) with an emergent design.

Setting: Telephone interviews were conducted with all participants.

Patients or Other Participants: Eleven collegiate post-professional clinical preceptors (7 males, 4 females; average age = 38±7.3 years; average years as an athletic trainer = 15±6.6 years) who were affiliated with a PPATEP were interviewed, representing 11 out of 16 PPATEPs.

Data Collection and Analysis: Interview transcripts were coded for themes and categories. Triangulation included a consensus process by the research team and member checking to verify the data.

Results: Data analysis yielded four themes relating to clinical education in PPATEPs: importance of clinical education, clinical preceptor responsibilities, clinical preceptor qualities, and barriers to clinical education. Participants indicated that clinical education was important for students to develop clinical skills and give them opportunities to make patient care decisions, and that several fundamental responsibilities and qualities contribute to being an effective clinical preceptor at the post-professional level.

Conclusions: Post-professional clinical preceptors recognized that an appropriate balance between autonomy and guided practice in clinical experiences fostered an effective learning environment which allowed post-professional students to improve their clinical and decision-making skills beyond their entry-level skill set. Preceptors should also demonstrate attributes of a clinician, educator, and communicator to be an effective mentor.
Strategies for Highly Effective Athletic Training Education Program Directors: A Practical Approach to Interdependence
Authors: Leone James E. , Gray Kimberly A.
Published: June 2020

Objective: Following Seven Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen Covey, this article seeks to communicate effective strategies for athletic training education Program Directors (PDs) to follow. Commentary of Covey's work and practical strategies to integrate them into PD practice and responsibilities are provided.

Background: Due to a lack of professional preparation, Program Directors often relate to what they know best–working long hours to get the job accomplished. It is not uncommon for PDs to mirror the work schedules of clinically practicing certified athletic trainers. With this in mind, we propose approaching the role of PD using Stephen Covey's wisdom from his literary work, Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. Practical strategies for integrating Covey's work into a PD's daily responsibilities, as well as remaining compliant with CAATE Standard expectations, are discussed.
NATA Education Think Tank Highlights
Authors: Fuller Donald
Published: June 2020

The following is a brief review of selected topics discussed on the NATA Think Tank Educator Forum. Only NATA members can access the archived messages and discussions. To view this forum, go to http://forum.nata.org/thinktanks (login required).
Clinical Instructor Characteristics, Behaviors and Skills in Allied Health Care Settings: A Literature Review
Authors: Levy Linda S. , Sexton Patrick , Willeford K. Sean , Barnum Mary G. , Guyer M. Susan , Gardner Greg , Fincher A. Louise
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this literature review is to compare both clinical instructor and student perceptions of helpful and hindering clinical instructor characteristics, behaviors and skills in athletic training and allied health care settings. Clinical education in athletic training is similar to that of other allied health care professions. Clinical education is used to practice didactic information in a hands-on environment, with the goal of integrating theory and practice in a controlled setting. Students are taught skills, behaviors and attitudes required to enter into professional practice. Athletic training clinical education evolved from the medical education model for training physicians and is currently based on the nursing model. Other allied health care professionals employ similar practices.

Objective: To provide an overview of helpful and hindering clinical instructor characteristics, behaviors and skills in athletic training and in other allied health professions.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Health Source: Nursing/Academic, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Premier, ERIC and PsychArticles served as the data sources for the allied health fields that included athletic training, nursing, medicine, optometry, clinical psychology, occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech and language pathology, radiography.

Data Synthesis: Athletic trainer, allied health profession, and student perceptions of clinical instructor characteristics, behaviors and skills were reviewed and summarized.

Conclusions/Recommendations: This review presents literature suggesting that clinical education, regardless of the profession or setting, contains similarities. Clinical instructor characteristics, behaviors and skills are important and need to be the focus of clinical education in order to promote helpful, while minimizing hindering, behaviors. Effective clinical instructors enhance the learning process. Focusing on improved supervisor and supervision services should be employed to teach athletic trainers helpful clinical instructor behaviors.
Column: Current Literature Reviews
Authors: Meyer Carrie
Published: June 2020

Our charge is to monitor education-related journals (i.e., Journal of Nursing Education, Journal of Higher Education, etc.) and identify articles which are the most applicable to our readers. We will provide brief synopses of the articles plus potential applications to AT education. Please feel free to contact me if you have questions, comments, or suggestions for this recurring feature or if you would like to review an article that you feel is particularly applicable to athletic training educators. I would also like to hear about implementations you have made from the concepts we present in this feature. – cm
Issues in Selecting Methods of Evaluating Clinical Competence in the Health Professions: Implications for Athletic Training Education
Authors: Middlemas David A. , Hensal Carleton
Published: June 2020

Objectives: To examine methods used to evaluate the clinical competence and proficiency of students in medicine and allied health professions. To identify factors that would be valuable to educators in athletic training and other medical and allied health professions in the development and use of clinical assessment methods.

Data Sources: We searched EBSCO Academic, InfoTrac, MEDLINE and PubMed for literature from professional journals related to clinical education, assessing clinical competence, clinical competence, clinical proficiency assessment.

Data Synthesis: Assessment of competence in the clinical setting is an issue for medicine and allied health education programs, including athletic training. Methods used to assess clinical competence included written, objective tests, checklists, oral examinations, patient management problems, simulated patients, observed clinical situations, the Observed Structured Clinical Exam and observation of students. Each method has its advantages and concerns. Psychometric issues relating to reliability, validity and generalizability arise in the development and implementation of clinical assessment instruments. In addition, there are concerns about how faculty expectations relate to student performance and how novices perform in the clinical setting as compared to experienced practitioners.

Conclusions/Recommendations: Although specific outcomes may differ between the medical and allied health professions, athletic training educators can benefit from the lessons learned about methods used to evaluate students in the clinical setting. In an effort to capitalize on the benefits and minimize the problems with the assessment of clinical competence and proficiency, athletic training educators must be aware of the psychometric and outcome-related issues in test development. Attention should be paid to issues of reliability, validity and generalizability when developing tests. Clinical education outcomes must be developed in a manner that addresses the variety of cognitive levels at which clinicians function in professional practice to develop authentic assessments of clinical proficiency.
Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of the Importance, Preparation and Time Spent in the Athletic Training Content Areas
Authors: Donahue Martin
Published: June 2020

Context: Graduates of professional programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education are expected to be competent and proficient in the athletic training content areas.

Objective: The unique skills and knowledge that an athletic trainer (AT) must possess may have more importance in one clinical setting than in another. The purpose of this study was to determine how ATs in the six largest employment categories perceive the athletic training content areas.

Design: Descriptive, exploratory.

Setting: Survey instrument mailed to ATs practicing in the clinical settings identified by the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) as employing the most ATs.

Patients or other Participants: Participants were ATs assigned to groups based on their current clinical setting.

Intervention(s): Participants were asked to rate the athletic training content areas regarding: importance for successful practice, time on task, importance for patient care, educational preparation, and educational emphasis.

Main Outcome Measures: ANOVA was repeated for the seven groups, each of the 12 content areas and for each of the five research questions, producing 60 analyses. Post hoc analysis was used to determine group differences (p< 0.01).

Results: ATs largely agree on the ratings of the content areas in relation to preparation, patient care, and educational emphasis. Significant differences were related to time, and importance for success.

Conclusions: Findings indicate ATs do not feel well prepared in six (Pharmacology, General Medical Conditions and Disabilities, Nutritional Aspects of Injury and Illness, Psychological Intervention and Referral, Health Care Administration, and Professional Development and Responsibilities) of the twelve content areas.
Incorporating Mobile Learning into Athletic Training Education
Authors: Davie Emily
Published: June 2020

Objective: To introduce and present techniques for incorporating mobile learning into athletic training education.

Background: The matriculation of digital natives into college has stimulated the identification and development of new teaching and learning strategies. Electronic learning (e-learning), including the use of learning management systems, has been combined with traditional classroom lectures and lab activities to address the needs of these technologically savvy students. Learning management systems offer valuable options to students, but still rely on a computer terminal to interface with the material. Restrictions on when and where a student can “plug-in” to learn places limitations on e-learning. Mobile learning (m-learning) is a sub-set of e-learning that uses hand-held devices to allow flexibility in learning at any time and any place. M-learning involves the use of mobile devices such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and portable media players for the purposes of acquiring and disseminating knowledge. A variety of methods have been identified for incorporating m-learning into higher education. Articles regarding the use of m-learning, specifically in health care education, are limited.

Description: Descriptions of m-learning applications in higher education are presented. Examples of techniques are offered to aid the athletic training instructor in implementing the m-learning principles into the classroom and clinical settings.

Application: Athletic training education lends itself well to m-learning. Athletic training students can utilize mobile devices to prepare for an upcoming class session, participate during class, review and study course materials, communicate with teachers and peers, enhance clinical education, and document clinical experiences.
Injured Athletes' Perceived Loss of Identity: Educational Implications for Athletic Trainers
Authors: Lockhart Barbara D.
Published: June 2020

Context: As educators, athletic trainers should familiarize athletes with the concepts of self-acceptance self-esteem and identity to assuage psychological trauma accompanying injury because the more a person identifies with being an athlete, the more difficult it is to deal with athletic injury.

Objective: The objective of this article is to provide practical information to athletic trainers to assist them with their educative role in addressing athletes' identity loss that often accompanies athletic injury.

Background: Measures of psychological trauma accompanying physical trauma show that psychological trauma can be extreme. Furthermore, the loss of identity is a major factor for athletes who are dealing with the psychological trauma of athletic injuries. Athletic trainers who assume responsibility to address issues of psychological loss from athletic injury can be a great benefit to the injured individual.

Description: The use of the Worth Index, which differentiates between self-acceptance self-esteem and achievement self-esteem, demonstrates that it is possible for people to perceive their personal worth and identity as distinct from their behavior. Athletic trainers are in an excellent position to interact with athletes and utilize specific questions to facilitate dialogue related to identity and self-esteem.

Clinical Advantages: In practice, clinical advantages may include improving an athlete's ability to put a physical injury in proper perspective, strengthening their commitment to rehabilitation, and avoiding complications due to emotional trauma.

Conclusions: Athletic trainers must recognize their educative responsibilities and assist injured athletes in addressing issues of identify loss.
Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice Concepts in Undergraduate Athletic Training Education: Experiences of Select Educators
Authors: Manspeaker Sarah A. , Van Lunen Bonnie
Published: June 2020

Context: Professional athletic training education must transition toward instruction of evidence-based practice in order to maintain progress with other health professions' clinical practices and educational standards.

Objective: To evaluate athletic training educators' experience with implementation of evidence-based practice concepts in CAATE accredited professional athletic training education programs in order to establish the current state of instructional approaches and incorporation of evidence-based practice concepts.

Design and Setting: Interviews of emergent design and modified-grounded theory. Instructors currently teaching at 11 undergraduate institutions were interviewed regarding their experience and perceptions of teaching evidence-based concepts. Participants: Eleven educators (3 males, 8 females; average [SD] years teaching 14.73 [7.06]) were interviewed to evaluate their implementation of evidence-based concepts within their courses.

Measure(s): Instructors' experiences regarding teaching of these concepts was explored qualitatively through coding by the researcher. Established categories were triangulated and member checked to establish trustworthiness of the findings.

Results: The analysis determined that instructors have three primary approaches to evidence-based practice concept implementation within their programs: curricular emphasis, teaching strategies, and student activities. Analysis also revealed that teaching objectives for concept implementation transcended the cognitive levels of Bloom's revised taxonomy.

Conclusions: Athletic training educators should be creative in how they implement EBP within their programs and share their experience with the profession. The teaching objectives, strategies, and activities presented should provide other educators with a foundation to initiate evidence-based instruction. Educating the future of our profession in EBP concepts will promote critical thinking, potential research interest, and further development of the available body of knowledge of our growing clinical practice.
Standardized Patients Provide Realistic and Worthwhile Experiences for Athletic Training Students
Authors: Walker Stacy E. , Weidner Thomas G.
Published: June 2020

Context: Standardized patients are more prominently used to both teach and evaluate students' clinical skills and abilities.

Objective: To investigate whether athletic training students perceived an encounter with a standardized patient (SP) as realistic and worthwhile and to determine their perceived comfort in future lower extremity evaluations with standardized and actual patients.

Design and setting: Cross-sectional. Athletic Training Research and Education Laboratory, on-campus athletic training room, and Clinical Proficiency Evaluation Room.

Subjects: Twenty-nine undergraduate athletic training students (17 female, 12 male) at a Midwestern CAATE-accredited institution who had completed a lower extremity orthopedic evaluation course in the past 12 months.

Measurements: A Standardized Patient Encounter Feedback Form consisting of 5 Likert scale items (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree) regarding the participants' perceptions of SP encounters with foot/ankle and knee orthopedic cases (eg, worthwhile, realistic, confidence with future SPs and actual patients). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Written comments regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the encounters were analyzed inductively.

Results: The participants indicated (90%–100% of the time) that: they agreed or strongly agreed that the encounters were worthwhile and realistic; the cases presented were appropriate; they were provided with adequate performance feedback by the SPs; and that their lower extremity evaluation skills were helped by the experiences. The participants indicated (86%–93% of the time) that they agreed or strongly agreed that the encounters made them feel more comfortable about future evaluations with standardized and actual patients.

Conclusions: It appears that SPs provide realistic and worthwhile experiences for athletic training students. Thus, cases could be developed to evaluate athletic training clinical proficiencies in the future.
Pedagogical Tools to Address Clinical Anatomy and Athletic Training Student Learning Styles
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie , Yeargin Susan
Published: June 2020

Context: A thorough knowledge of anatomy is needed in four of the six domains of athletic training: prevention, injury/condition recognition, immediate care, and treatment/rehabilitation. Students with a solid foundation can achieve competency in these specific domains.

Objective: To provide educators with pedagogical tools to promote a deeper understanding of the human body and its relationship with athletic injuries

Background: Research demonstrates that there is no one dominant learning style among athletic training students, and therefore, educators are encouraged to utilize and expose students to a variety of teaching strategies. Throughout the athletic training literature, there are a host of pedagogic tools that can help encourage independent thinking, cognitive knowledge, and skill application. The same techniques can be tailored to increase human anatomy knowledge and application. Additionally, most curriculums do not have the ability to create a class solely dedicated to human anatomy. Therefore, it is important to incorporate as many learning opportunities within existing curriculums to help student learning.

Description: Discourse, puzzles, open discussion, and simulations are teaching methods that can be utilized in existing curriculums to further facilitate anatomical knowledge.

Clinical Advantages: Students who have a solid background in human anatomy will demonstrate a stronger understanding and apply their knowledge within four of the six domains of athletic training.

Conclusions: Educators can use a variety of teaching techniques in order to develop a student's acquisition and retention of anatomical knowledge. The use of multiple educational techniques can not only address a student's strengths as a learner but also challenge them by impelling them to address their weaknesses as a learner. It will also encourage practical application of anatomy when evaluating and treating athletic injuries.
Underpinnings of Competency-Based Education
Authors: Schilling Jim F. , Koetting J. Randall
Published: June 2020

Context: To understand and appropriately implement competency-based education (CBE) to its fullest potential in professional programs, an investigation of its evolution is required.

Objective: To reveal the development of the CBE approach now dominating many professional programs in higher education, including Athletic Training Education Programs (ATEPs). While behavioral science research at the turn of the 20th century laid the groundwork for the CBE approach, the process used to establish its construct in education stemmed from scientific management methodology used in industry. A history of various educational paradigms, including social efficiency, essentialism, and vocationalism, contributed to the birth and eventual use of the CBE approach in professional programs.

Data Sources: Literature reviewed for this article included published articles and books pertaining to CBE and the sciences, philosophies, theories, and educational paradigms that constitute the underpinnings of the CBE approach used in higher education professional programs.

Data Synthesis: A contradiction of learning theories has led to inconsistent employment of the CBE framework, making its use inconsistent in professional programs. The emphasis in health care education programs, such as athletic training, has been on using specific behavioral objectives that provide distinct quantifiable data as competencies assessed within specific time frames, as opposed to incorporating integrated objectives as competencies with completion determined by level of skill achievement.

Conclusions: Authenticity and immeasurable skills are examples of limitations with the CBE approach in athletic training programs. These limitations will be discussed and suggestions for future direction provided.
Survey Instrument Validity Part II: Validation of a Survey Instrument Examining Athletic Trainers' Knowledge and Practice Beliefs Regarding Exertional Heat Stroke
Authors: Burton Laura J. , Mazerolle Stephanie M.
Published: June 2020

Context: Instrument validation is an important component to sound survey research methods.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to discuss the process of developing and validating an instrument to investigate an athletic trainer's attitudes and behaviors regarding the recognition and treatment of exertional heat stroke.

Background: Following up from our initial paper, which discussed the process of survey instrument design and validation, we present the practical application of those general guidelines as described by Netemeyer and colleagues.

Description: There are four basic steps to developing a valid survey instrument: (1) defining the construct, (2) item development and judgment, (3) designing and conducting studies to develop a survey, and (4) finalizing the instrument. Following these steps, we present our survey instrument used to evaluate an athletic trainer's knowledge and practice beliefs regarding exertional heat stroke.

Conclusions: Following the process of survey development and validation, we were able to develop an instrument to help understand attitudes held by athletic trainers regarding appropriate clinical practice behaviors in the treatment of exertional heat stroke.
A Peer-Assisted Learning Program and its Effect on Student Skill Demonstration
Authors: Carr W. David , Volberding Jennifer , Vardiman Phillip
Published: June 2020

Objective: To explore the effect of an intentional Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL) program on peer-tutors and peer-tutees for performance on specific psychomotor skills.

Design and Setting: Randomized, pretest-posttest experimental design.

Participants: Undergraduate students (N = 69, 42 females and 27 males, all participants were 18 to 22 years old, 19.5±1.2) enrolled in the professional phase of an accredited Athletic Training Education Program.

Measurements: Pretest and posttest performance for the peer-tutors and post-peer interaction for the peer-tutees on identified therapeutic modality and orthopedic assessment psychomotor skill sets. Peer-tutors were randomly assigned to one of four groups; PAL only (PAL), PAL and the focused review session (PAL+), focused review session only (REV), and a control group (CON). Peer-tutees were randomly assigned to interact with the peer-tutors from the PAL and PAL+ or no interaction as a control group. Pretest-posttest percentage correct average changes for the peer tutors were analyzed with an ANOVA.

Results: The pretest-posttest skill scores were found to be significantly different for the peer-tutors (F3,102 = 4.703; P = .004). Post-hoc means comparison revealed significant differences between the peer-tutor groups PAL versus CON, PAL+ versus CON, and REV versus CON. Analysis of the peer-tutee means revealed no significant differences (PAL; .906 ± .087, PAL+; .918 ± .077, and Control; .881 ± .061).

Conclusion: These data suggest that peer interaction can increase student skill performance scores for the peer-tutors. A visual review of the means indicates a trend of increased skill level for the peer-tutees that received peer-tutoring from the PAL+ peer tutors. No significant difference was found with the REV group. It would appear from the peer-tutor perspective that a focused review session has more of an effect on student learning than peer interaction.
Tingley's problem for $p$-Schatten von Neumann classes
Authors: Fernández-Polo Francisco J. , Jordá Enrique , Peralta Antonio M.
Published: June 2020

Let

H

and

H'

be the complex Hilbert spaces. For

p\in]1,\infty[\backslash\{2\}

we consider the Banach space

C_p(H)

of all

p

-Schatten von Neumann operators, whose unit sphere is denoted by

S(C_p(H))

. In this paper we prove that every surjective isometry

\Delta\colon S(C_p(H))\to S(C_p(H'))

can be extended to a complex linear or to a conjugate linear surjective isometry

T\colon C_p(H)\to C_p(H')

.
avaliação dos conhecimentos básicos sobre eletrocardiografia de discentes do curso de medicina
Authors: Silva Júnior Gilvaldo dos Santos , Moraes Evelly Christinne da Silva , Magno Ismaelino Mauro Nunes , Neves Dilma de Oliveira , Souza Felipe Rafael Pacheco de , Melo Gabriel Nobrega de
Published: June 2020

O trabalho objetivou avaliar a relação de ensino e aprendizagem do eletrocardiograma nas diferentes etapas do curso de medicina de uma faculdade particular em Belém-PA. Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo, embasado em questionários contendo 6 questões sobre eletrocardiograma distribuídos para alunos do quarto, oitavo e décimo período do curso de medicina, totalizando 54 alunos, no período de março a abril de 2015. Cada questionário continha questões de acordo o grau de conhecimento sobre eletrocardiograma esperado para cada etapa do curso. Foram utilizados os softwares Microsoft Excel© 2011, Microsoft Word© 2011 e SPSS 13.0 para análise dos dados e formatação dos gráficos e tabelas. As taxas de acerto das questões foram de 60,53% para alunos do quarto período, 55,26% para alunos do oitavo período e 47,92% para alunos do décimo período. Notou-se que alunos dos períodos mais avançados tiveram menor média de acerto nas questões de fisiologia cardíaca, e que a média de acertos das questões sobre diagnóstico fisiopatológico baseado pelo ECG foi maior do que as que tratavam de eletrofisiologia. Conclui-se que a média de acerto nas questões decresceu de acordo com o avançar do curso. No diagnóstico fisiopatológico baseado pelo eletrocardiograma, houve variação de acordo com a patologia abordada, sendo que a questão de infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento de segmento ST obteve maior média de acerto por alunos do oitavo e décimo períodos e com menor taxa foi a questão que abordou diagnóstico de fibrilação atrial com 25% de acerto médio por alunos do décimo período.
Challenges and approaches in three-dimensional modeling the engineering geological conditions of Hanoi area
Authors: Nhu Ha Viet ,   Faculty of Geosciences and Geoengineering, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam
Published: June 2020

In this study, the approaches and research methods have been proposed based on the analysis of challenges in modeling, establishing a three-dimensional model of geological engineering conditions of the Hanoi area. The three-dimensional model of the Hanoi area was composed of 21 geological engineering units as a stacked structure, with accuracy and reliability were verified by statistical evaluation. Based on the integration of engineering geological attributes, the model has contributed for reconstruction of the geospatial engineering geological structure of the study area as comprehensive, continuously, and high resolution.
Geological heritage potential of Tamgiang - Bachma area, Thua Thien Hue province
Authors: Vu Lan Quang , Nguyen Dung Tien , Luong Khang Quang , Tran Phuong Quang , Hoang Quyen Van , Nguyen Lam Danh , Bui Nghia Van ,   Northern Geological Mapping Division, Vietnam Faculty of Geosciences and Geoengineering, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam
Published: June 2020

Tamgiang-Bachma area (about 1600km2) is located in Thuathienhue province, which has many outstanding values comprising geological heritages. The results show that the area has high geodiversity. Within the area, 115 geosites have been established and they can be classified into 8 groups as follows: (1) Paleontology, (2) geomorphology and landscape, (3) paleoenvironment, (4) rocky, (5) stratigraphy, (6) economic geology, (7) structural geology, and (8) geological history. The Geological heritage can initially be divided into 3 categories, including: (a) International (5 geosites), (b) National (41 geosites), and (c) Local (69 geosites). In particular, the Tam Giang-Cau Hai largoon, the sandbars covering outside of largoon and Bach Ma Mountain are considered as unique areas of geo-diversity are highly evaluated as importantce for sience, education and geotourism.
Some new research outcomes of wolframite-tin-polymetallic metallization in the Huoi Chun area, Huaphanh province, Lao people’s democratic republic (LPDR)
Authors: Chu Tu Minh , Dinh Ha Xuan , Nguyen Phuong ,   Tri Cong Luu , Huan Dinh  Northern Geological Mapping Division, Vietnam Geological Division for Radioactive and Rare Elements, Vietnam Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam
Published: June 2020

The paper focuses on clarifying the characteristics of tungsten, tin - polymetallic ore mineralization in the Huoi Chun area based on applying traditional geological methods, collecting documents, methods of studying ore material composition, and legal statistic. The findings are as follows: Mineral ores were generated mainly by material deposition, crystallization of hydrothermal solution, and filling fracture systems. The main minerals occurred in the study area are tungsten, tin, copper, zinc, bismuth. Tungsten, tin-polymetallic metallization was generated in 3 hydrothermal episodes. The symbiotic wolframite - bismuth mineral symbiosis is a discovery of the authors' collective during the implementation of the National project under Protocol code NDT.35.LA / 17. Sn, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, and Cd - bearing minerals are characterized for the middle episode of metallogeny; whereas W, Co, and Bi- bearing minerals were formed during the third episode of hydrothermal metallogeny. The tungsten, tin - polymetallic mineralization could be related to Mesozoic - Cenozoic intrusive magmatism.
Design calculations and simulation dynamics of banana screen
Authors: Nguyen Xo Van ,   Faculty of Electro - Mechanics, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam
Published: June 2020

The banana screen is a device used to classify materials widely used in screenings factories at home and abroad. It's working ability depends on many factors (kinematic parameters, technological parameters, particle size, and material moisture,...). If using the traditional method to determine suitable parameters to reach high efficiency, it is very difficult. Because the calculated results are not accurate, it takes a designer much time and makes the manufacturing cost increase. In this study, the author uses the computer software CREO, ADAMS, ANSYS to design and simulate the dynamics of the screen. The results of study are the dynamic parameters of the screen during the working time and are shown in different graphs (Elastic pillow deformation of spring; the force exerted on the elastic pillow; the center velocity of vibration box; center acceleration of vibration box; static energy of vibrates box; translational momentum of vibration box; moment momentum of vibration box). These results also can be applied to design banana screens, which have a high capacity and efficiency as well as a long lifetime.
Determination of water quality parameters in the Tan Rai exploiting area (Lam Dong province) using Sentinel-2 msi and Landsat 8 data
Authors: Nguyen Nghia Viet , Trinh Hung Le ,   Faculty of Geomatics and Land Administration, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam Military Technical Academy, Vietnam
Published: June 2020

Despite high profits, the mining process often leads to negative effects on the quality of groundwater around the mining site. Due to the close relationship between the concentration of water quality parameters and spectral reflectance values of surface watẻ, optical remote sensing image has been used effectively in the world in assessing and monitoring surface water quality. This paper presents the results of determining some surface water quality parameters in the Tan Rai bauxite mining area (Lam Dong province) such as turbidity, water-transparency (Secchi depth), and surface temperature from Sentinel-2A and Landsat 8 images taken on January 29, 2019. The results obtained in this study show that the mining process has a great influence on the surface water quality in Tan Rai (Lam Dong), reflected in all three water quality parameters such as turbidity, Secchi depth, and water temperature.
Dyspareunia
Authors: Lupa Maria Magdalena
Published: June 2020

Dyspareunia is also called genito-pelvic/penetration pain disorder and is characterized by persistent or repetitive genital pain that may occur before, during or after penetrative intercourse. Although it is present in both sexes, it is much more common in women. This article aims to address the evolution and onset of this disorder, taking into account both physiological and psychological factors.
Perilaku Berkendara Sepeda Motor Pada Remaja Berusia Di Bawah 17 Tahun
Authors: Kusumastutie Naomi Srie
Published: June 2020

Maraknya penggunaan sepeda motor pada remaja berusia di bawah usia untuk memiliki SIM (17tahun) merupakan fenomena yang sangat memprihatinkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuigambaran mengenai perilaku berkendara sepeda motor pada remaja berusia di bawah 17 tahun diKota Tegal. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah pmeberian kuesioner kepada siswaberusia di bawah 17 tahun di SMPN 1 Kota Tegal, SMAN 1 Kota Tegal, dan SMAN 5 Kota Tegal.Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalahmayoritas responden mengaku telah dapat mengendarai sepeda motor dan hal ini pun lazim terjadi dilingkungan tempat tinggalnya, terdapat kecenderungan usia untuk mengendarai sepeda motor untukpertama kalinya semakin muda, responden laki-laki dan berusia maupun tingkat usia lebih tinggi lebihberikisi, dan responden yang belum bisa mengendari sepeda motor cenderung untuk tidakberkeinginan untuk belajar menegendarainya pada saat ini.