bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Utilization of a 3D printed Tooth-Borne Orthodontic Molar Distalizer Library
Authors: Smeets Bregt , Smeets Tim
Published: February 2024

This papers objective is to describe a method of in-office 3D designing and 3D printing of a tooth-borne molar distalizer and create a library to easily reproduce the needed distalizers in a private orthodontic clinic. Research objectives were to design and 3D print molar distalizers, clinically use in orthodontic treatment settings, assess the strength and frequency of debonding and or breakage. The print resin used was Dental LT Clear V2 (RS-F2-DLCL-02) from formlabs. The 3D printer used was a Formlabs 3B+printer. 16 patients were treated with these 3D printed distalizers. Patients selected were between 11 Years and 49 Years old, Class II occlusion with no skeletal Class II values. The skeletal cephalometric values of the six patients were within the range of SNA = 81± 3º , SNB = 78 ± 3º , ANB = 3 ± 2º. The mean duration of the 3D printed appliance was 14.58 ± 4.31 weeks. The aim reached, was to position molars and canines in a dental Class I position. The combined failure rate was 0.94. A library of distalizers has been made of sizes between 16mm and 29mm, they are easy to print and easy to use in office.
Bottlenecks in the Investigation of Retinal Sterol Homeostasis
Authors: Ramachandra Rao Sriganesh , Fliesler Steven J.
Published: February 2024

Sterol homeostasis in mammalian cells and tissues involves balancing three fundamental processes: de novo sterol biosynthesis; sterol import (e.g., from blood-borne lipoproteins); and sterol export. In complex tissues, composed of multiple different cell types (such as the retina), import and export also may involve intra-tissue, inter-cellular sterol exchange. Disruption of any of these processes can result in pathologies that impact the normal structure and function of the retina. Here, we provide a brief overview of what is known currently about sterol homeostasis in the vertebrate retina and offer a proposed path for future experimental work to further our understanding of these processes, with relevance to the development of novel therapeutic interventions for human diseases involving defective sterol homeostasis.
Lung NETs and GEPNETs: One Cancer with Different Origins or Two Distinct Cancers?
Authors: Evangelou Georgios , Vamvakaris Ioannis , Papafili Anastasia , Anagnostakis Maximilian , Peppa Melpomeni
Published: February 2024

Lung neuroendocrine tumors (LNETs) and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs) are two distinct types of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) that have traditionally been treated as a single entity despite originating from different sources. Although they share certain phenotypic characteristics and the expression of neuroendocrine markers, they exhibit differences in their microenvironment, molecular mutations, and responses to various therapeutic regimens. Recent research has explored the genetic alterations in these tumors, revealing dissimilarities in the frequently mutated genes, role of EGFR in carcinogenesis, presence of transcription factors, and immunogenicity of the tumor and its microenvironment. Spread Through Air Spaces (STAS), a phenomenon unique to lung carcinomas, appears to play a crucial role in LNET prognosis. These distinctions are also evident in the cascade response of lung and GI tract neuroendocrine tumors to somatostatin analogs, Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT), chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Identifying similarities and differences between the two groups may im-prove our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and facilitate the development of more effective treatment strategies.
Visualizing Changes in Global Glacier Surface Mass Balance around 1990
Authors: Braithwaite Roger James , Hughes Philip D
Published: February 2024

Recent satellite measurements of glacier mass balance show mountain glaciers all over the world had generally negative mass balances in the first decades of the 21st century. Mean summer temperatures all over the world rose from 1961-90 to 1991-2020, implying increasingly negative mass balances. We study archived annual balances for 38 Northern Hemisphere glaciers to assess changes within in the 19612020 period. We use a modified doublemass curve to visualize mass balance changes occurring around 1990. Mean balances 196190 were already small negative for many of the studied glaciers and became even more negative in 19912020 for glaciers in the Alps, at high latitudes and in western North America. The largest mass balance changes are for some glaciers in the Alps. We are unable to explain the lack of change in mean balance for one glacier in High Mountain Asia. We find complex changes for eight glaciers in Scandinavia, even including one glacier with positive balance. We explain these changes by visualizing deviations of winter and summer balances from their respective 1961-90 mean values. High winter balances in the 1990s for Scandinavia partly obscured the emerging trend of increasingly negative summer balances, which we expect to continue in the future.
Advancing the Clinical and Molecular Understanding of Cornelia De Lange Syndrome: A Multidisciplinary Pediatrics Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Gruca-Stryjak Karolina , Doda-Nowak Emilia , Dzierla Julia , Wrobel Karolina , Szymankiewicz-Breborowicz Marta , Mazela Jan
Published: February 2024

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a complex genetic disorder with a distinct set of facial features, growth limitations, and limb anomalies. Its clinical spectrum is broad and presents significant challenges in pediatric diagnosis and management. The variable presentation of the disorder, due to cohesin complex mutations, requires extensive research to refine care and improve outcomes.
This article provides a case series review of pediatric CdLS patients, alongside a comprehensive literature review, exploring clinical variability and the relationship between genotypic changes and phenotypic outcomes. It also discusses the evolution of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, with an emphasis on innovations in genetic testing, including the detection of mosaicism and novel genetic variations.
The aim is to synthesise case studies with current research to advance our understanding of CdLS and the effectiveness of management strategies in pediatric healthcare. This work highlights the need for an integrated, evidence-based approach to diagnosis and treatment, and aims to fill existing research gaps and advocate for holistic care protocols and tailored treatment plans for CdLS patients, ultimately improving their quality of life.
Effect of Metal Carbides on Hydrogen Embrittlement on Steel: A DFT Study
Authors: FAYE OMAR , Szpunar Jerzy Antony
Published: February 2024

The study reports the effect of some metal carbides (niobium carbide, vanadium carbide, titanium carbide, and manganese sulfide) on hydrogen embrittlement in the pipeline industry using plane wave’s density functional theory (DFT). Our results predicted that the interaction of hydrogen molecules with these metals carbide occurs in the long range with binding energy varying in the energy window [0.70eV to 0.043eV]. Also, our study shows the desorption of H2 molecules from these metal carbides in the chemisorptions. Since, hydrogen embrittlement, occurs in the atomic state of hydrogen, therefore our finding in the atomic interaction of hydrogen with NbC, VC, TiC, and MnS showed that the strength of the trapping of the hydrogen atom could be classified as: TiC+H>VC+H>NbC+H> MnS+H. In addition, our study reveals that the carbon site is the most favorable hydrogen trapping site than the metal one. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that increasing the layer can also be an efficient way to enhance the trapping capacity.
Renormalization and Thermodynamics of Probe-D-Branes: Wilsonian RG Analysis and Infrared Regime Studies
Authors: Stephenson Matthew James
Published: February 2024

This paper explores the Wilsonian renormalization group of probe-D-branes, focusing on the Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action. The analysis involves deriving the constant of motion and formulating the Wilsonian renormalization group equation. The study extends to the infrared regime, considering both zero and non-zero temperatures. Additionally, thermodynamic aspects related to the functional form of the grand potential are discussed. The investigation provides insights into the renormalization of probe-D-branes and their thermodynamic properties.
Characterization Among and within Sicilian Tetraploid Wheat Landraces by Grain Storage Protein Analysis
Authors: Palombieri Samuela , Bonarrigo Marco , Potestio Silvia , Sestili Francesco , Messina Bernardo , Russo Giuseppe , Miceli Claudia , Frangipane Benedetto , Genduso Marco , Delogu Chiara , Andreani Lorella , Masci Stefania
Published: February 2024

The criteria of “Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability” as well as a high "overall quality index” are used to register the Italian modern varieties to the national register. Differently, local conservation varieties can be certified under different EU Directives having, as overall objective, the preservation of biodiversity and the containment of genetic erosion. In recent years, products derived from an-cient grains are perceived to be healthier and more sustainable by consumer, especially in Italy, with consequent higher market prices. Ancient tetraploid wheat varieties registered in the national reg-ister of conservation varieties are 28, 24 of which are Sicilian. They are supposed to have a wide genetic variability compared to modern ones, making them vulnerable of fraud because they are difficult to trace. It is therefore important to have tools able to discriminate the autochthonous Si-cilian varieties. This can be done by gluten proteins composition, which also gives information on the technological properties of derived products. Fifty-one accessions belonging to 22 ancient va-rieties of Sicilian tetraploid (mostly durum) wheat were analyzed. Although a wide intra-accession and intra-varietal variability was assessed, the gliadin pattern of bulks of seeds belonging to each variety was discriminatory. Moreover, differences in technological attitudes were found between landraces. This paves the way to use gluten protein patterns for traceability allowing local farmers and producers to valorize their products and assure consumers about the transparency of the entire supply chain.
Validating Collatz Conjecture through Binary Representation and Probabilistic Path Analysis
Authors: U Zaman Budee
Published: February 2024

The Collatz conjecture, a longstanding mathematical puzzle, posits that, regardless of the starting integer, iteratively applying a specific formula will eventually lead to the value 1. This paper introduces a novel approach to validate the Collatz conjecture by leveraging the binary representation of generated numbers. Each transition in the sequence is predetermined using the Collatz conjecture formula, yet the path of transitions is revealed to be intricate, involving alternating increases and decreases for each initial value. The study delves into the global flow of the sequence, investigating the behavior of the generated numbers as they progress toward the termination value of 1. The analysis utilizes the concept of probability to shed light on the complex dynamics of the Collatz conjecture. By incorporating probabilistic methods, this research aims to unravel the underlying patterns and tendencies that govern the convergence of the sequence. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the Collatz conjecture, offering insights into the inherent complexities of its trajectories. This work not only validates the conjecture through binary representation but also provides a probabilistic framework to elucidate the global flow of the sequence, enriching our comprehension of this enduring mathematical mystery.
Immunomodulation through Nutrition Should Be a Key Trend in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment
Authors: Napiórkowska-Baran Katarzyna , Treichel Paweł , Czarnowska Marta , Drozd Magdalena , Koperska Kinga , Węglarz Agata , Schmidt Oskar , Darwish Samira , Bartuzi Zbigniew
Published: February 2024

In order for the body to function properly, it needs not only food, but also nutrients and non-nutritive bioactive compounds that have an immunomodulating effect. This applies not only to healthy people, but especially to people with accompanying chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, the current food industry and the use of highly processed food promote nutritional deficiencies. Many studies confirm their occurrence in patients with type 2 diabetes. The article presents the influence of selected nutrients on the functioning of the immune system, which ensures homeostasis of the body, with particular emphasis on type 2 diabetes. The role of macroelements, microelements, vitamins and selected substances, such as omega-3 acids, coenzyme Q10 and alpha-lipoic acid. The minimum scope of tests that should be performed in patients to directly or indirectly determine the degree of malnutrition in this group of patients is presented.
Food Supplements and Elderly People – Challenges and Risks
Authors: Campos Maria João , Czlapka Matyasik Magdalena , Pena Angelina
Published: February 2024

Polypharmacy and malnutrition are common health issues among older adults. In older people, there is a high prevalence of polypharmacy and malnutrition, and preliminary data also indicates that there is a significant of Food Supplements (FS) use, increasing the risk of duplication of thera-pies and several adverse reactions and drug-FS and FS-FS interactions. The intervention of health professionals in mitigating these risks is essential. This review not only underscores and discusses the potential association between polypharmacy, malnutrition, and food supplements but also presents current scientific evidence on polypharmacy, malnutrition, and the use of food supplements by the elderly. The work reviews the challenges, advantages and risks of using FS for the elderly who are polymedicated and/or malnourished, focusing on the good practices needed to support healthy ageing.
In this regard, the paper intends to help health professionals better deal with the issue of polypharmacy and the use of multiple FS to overcome the malnutrition problem and improve the health and well-being of older adults.
Behaviour of Tantalum in a Fe-Dominated Synthetic Fayalitic Slag System - Phase Analysis and Incorporation
Authors: Schirmer Thomas , Hiller Jessica , Weiss Joao , Munchen Daniel , Lucas Hugo , Fittschen Ursula Elisabeth Adriane , Friedrich Bernd
Published: February 2024

The heavy transition metal tantalum (Ta) offers a wide range of applications, especially in the field of electronics, e.g. Ta capacitors with a comparatively long life-time. Therefore, electronic scrap containing these components is a potentially valuable secondary source of this metal. However, the recovery of Ta, as other critical raw materials, that are lost in pyrometallurgical slags can be a challenging process. As a way of overcome this, the "engineered artificial minerals" EnAM approach is proposed by first searching for suitable host minerals and characterizing them. A favorable prerequisite is the enrichment of the desired element(s) in compounds that have particularly suitable properties for this purpose, such as morphology, crystal size, surface or magnetic properties. Subsequently, the slag system is adapted (e.g. chemism, solidification curve, cooling and holding times) to optimize this compound. This paper presents the results of mineralogical characterization of Ta-containing iron (Fe)-rich synthetic slags in reducing environment under different cooling rates, and describes and discusses the incorporation of Ta into the different compounds detected by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and electron beam microanalysis (EPMA). Additionally, the speciation of Fe and Ta was accessible through X-Ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. EPMA also provides a first semi-quantitative assessment of the Ta distribution in these individual compounds. According to this, depending on the cooling rate the enrichment factor is highest in tantalite/perovskite-type oxides (FexTayO6, CaxFeyTazO3) with up to 60 wt.% Ta and ‘tantalomagnetite’ (FeII(FeIII(2-5/3xTax)O4) with a maximum of ~ 30 wt.% Ta (only fast cooling). This is followed by a perovskite-like silicon containing oxide (XYO3) with 12-15 wt.-% Ta (only slow cooling), and a hedenbergite-like compound (XYZ2O6) with varying content of 0.3 - 7 wt.-%. The Ta-concentration in pure Fe, Fe(1-x)O, hercynitic spinel and hematite is negligible. Since a larger fraction of potentially amorphous hedenbergitic matrix is formed at faster cooling, in this case the main Ta is enriched in this compound despite the significantly lower Ta content.
A Comparison of the Attractiveness of Grape Juice after Different Fermentation Times for Drosophila suzukii and D. simulans in a Field Experiment
Authors: Tiefenbrunner Irmgard , Tiefenbrunner Wolfgang
Published: February 2024

Between a vineyard and the foliage wall of an adjacent forest, 25 traps containing different Drosophila attractants were applied on three occasions in autumn after the grape harvest. The attractant liquid was Pinot Blanc grape juice to which pure Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast had been added to initiate fermentation. The five test variants differed in only one characteristic, namely the fermentation time, which was changed in two-day steps. Nine species of the genus Drosophila were captured, but only two were abundant enough to allow statistical analysis of variant differences in capture frequencies. Both species, D. suzukii and D. simulans, can affect the quality of the berries and ultimately the wine even before the harvest and are therefore considered pests. The studies showed that fermenting grape juice is significantly more attractive to both species than unfermented grape juice and that the attractiveness of the attractant liquid is maximised for D. simulans males with a fermentation time of seven to eight days.Parallel to this experiment, an analysis of the aroma spectrum of the fermenting grape juice was carried out with a temporal resolution of one day for the first twenty days. This made it possible to identify the aroma substances that had the highest concentrations in the time frame in which the attractant was particularly attractive and whose attractant effect should therefore be investigated further.
Evaluation of ALRYNGO Video Laryngoscope with AI-Guided Glottis Visualization in Senior Emergency Medicine Residents: A Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Lee Yoonje , Kang Gu Hyun , Lim Tae Ho , Jang Yong Soo , Kim Wonhee , Choi Hyun Young , Kim Jae Guk
Published: February 2024

Background We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ALRYNGO channel-type video laryngoscope with an AI-based glottis guidance system in senior emergency medicine residents for endotracheal intubation. Methods We enrolled twenty patients would be adequate for each device (direct laryngoscope, Pentax-AWS, and ALRYNGO). Before intubation, six senior residents wore a personal protective equipment. To randomize the device in this clinical study, a sealed envelope containing a device-specific identification card was utilized. When intubation began, the person who measured the intubation time divided the total intubation time into three-time intervals. The primary outcome was the intubation time. The secondary outcomes were the glottis view using the Cormack-Lehane grade (C-L grade) and the glottis guidance performance of ALRYNGO’s artificial intelligence. Results In Pentax-AWS and ALRYNGO, all intubations were successful, but the intubation time was longer than with the direct laryngoscope. And among the three, the ALRYNGO and Pentax-AWS had the highest frequency of C-L grade I (easiest intubation) at 80%, and the direct laryngoscope had the lowest frequency of 10%. Conclusions Even if healthcare professionals without experience with the channel-type video laryngoscope improve their performance on airway mannequins after training, their intubation performance may differ when applied to actual patients.
Cellular Patterns of the Skin Microenvironment in Experimentally Induced Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Temelie-Olinici Doinița , Botezatu Ionuț Cătălin , Perțea Mihaela , Stoica Laura , Onofrei Pavel , Botez Ana Emanuela , Grecu Vasile Bogdan , Bărgăoanu Petronela , Cotrutz Carmen Elena
Published: February 2024

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrinopathies, estimated to affect about 5.4% of the world's population around 2025. It is thought that nearly a third of diabetic patients have some type of skin condition. Frequently, the cutaneous effects of this heterogeneous syndrome are ac-curately detected late in the progressive form of the disease. The main objective of the present study was to identify the main cellular characteristics of the cutaneous microenvironment in exper- imentally induced diabetes mellitus. Skin fragments were harvested from adult white Wistar rats of both sexes, with the weight of 200 g, 12 weeks after streptozotocin diabetes was induced. In parallel with histopathological diagnosis by using hematoxylin and eosine staining, samples were processed by transmission electron microscopy technique and examined with a Philips CM100 microscope. In the apparently macroscopically unchanged tegument, photon microscopy revealed both progres ive thinning of the epidermis in the early stages of diabetes and a significant process of fibrosis and collagen hyalinization in the dermis. In addition, in the early stages, the electron microscopic study provided ultrastructural details characteristic of a senescent phenotype with reduced cell proliferation. The morphological changes in the skin may be the first signs of disruption of carbohydrate metabolism and in the case of established diabetes may reflect its progression and the efficacy of therapy.
Analyses of Conditional Knockout Mice for Pogz, a Responsible Gene for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, in Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons in the Brain
Authors: Hamada Nanako , Nishijo Takuma , Iwamoto Ikuko , Shifman Sagiv , Nagata Koh-ichi
Published: February 2024

POGZ (Pogo transposable element derived with ZNF domain) is known to function as a regulator of gene expression. While variations in the POGZ gene have been associated with intellectual disabilities and developmental delays in humans, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms re-main unclear. To shed light on this, we created two lines of conditional knockout mice for Pogz, one specific to excitatory neurons (Emx1-Pogz mice) and the other to inhibitory neurons (Gad2-Pogz mice) in the brain. Emx1-Pogz mice showed a decrease in body weight, similar to total Pogz knockout mice. Although the two lines did not display significant morphological ab-normalities in the telencephalon, impaired POGZ function affected the electrophysiological prop-erties of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons differently. These findings suggest that these mouse lines could be useful tools for clarifying the precise pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with POGZ gene abnormalities.
Thermodynamic Study of N-methylformamide and N,N-Dimethyl-Formamide
Authors: Růžička Květoslav , Štejfa Vojtěch , Červinka Ctirad , Fulem Michal , Šturala Jiří
Published: February 2024

An extensive thermodynamic study of N-methylformamide (CAS RN: 123-39-7) and N,N-dimethylformamide (CAS RN: 68-12-2), is presented in this work. The liquid heat capacities of N-methylformamide were measured by Tian–Calvet calorimetry in the temperature interval (250 – 300) K. The vapor pressures for N-methylformamide and N,N-dimethylformamide were measured using static method in the temperature range 238 K to 308 K. The ideal-gas thermo-dynamic properties were calculated using a combination of the density functional theory (DFT) and statistical thermodynamics. A consistent thermodynamic description was developed using the method of simultaneous correlation, where the experimental and selected titerature data for vapor pressures, vaporization enthalpies, and liquid phase heat capacities and calculated ide-al-gas heat capacities are treated together to ensure overall thermodynamic consistency of the results. Resulting vapor pressure equation is valid from the triple point to the normal boiling point temperature.
The Increased Burden of Rare Variants in Four Matrix Metalloproteinase-Related Genes in Childhood Glaucoma Suggests a Complex Genetic Inheritance of the Disease
Authors: Tevar Angel , Aroca-Aguilar José-Daniel , Bonet-Fernández Juan-Manuel , Atienzar-Aroca Raquel , Campos-Mollo Ezequiel , Méndez-Hernández Carmen-Dora , Morales-Fernández Laura , Leal Palmer Iñaki , Coca-Prados Miguel , Martinez-de-la-Casa Jose-Maria , Garcia-Feijoo Julian , Escribano Julio
Published: February 2024

Childhood glaucoma encompasses congenital and juvenile primary glaucoma, which are heterogeneous, uncommon, and irreversible optic neuropathies leading to visual impairment with poorly understood genetic basis. Our goal was to identify gene variants associated with these glaucoma types by assessing the mutational burden in 76 matrix metalloproteinase-related genes. We studied 101 childhood glaucoma patients with no identified monogenic alterations using next-generation sequencing. Gene expression was assessed through immunohistochemistry. Functional analysis of selected gene variants was conducted in cultured cells and in zebrafish. Patients presented a higher proportion of rare variants in four metalloproteinase-related genes, including CPAMD8 and ADAMTSL4, compared to controls. ADAMTSL4 protein expression was observed in the anterior segment of both the adult human and zebrafish larvae's eye, including tissues associated with glaucoma. In HEK-293T cells, expression of four ADAMTSL4 variants identified in this study showed that two variants (p.Arg774Trp and p.Arg98Trp) accumulated intracellularly, inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Additionally, overexpressing these ADAMTSL4 variants in zebrafish embryos confirmed partial loss-of-function effects for p.Ser719Leu and p.Arg1083His. Double heterozygous functional suppression of adamtsl4 and cpamd8 zebrafish orthologs resulted in reduced volume of both the anterior eye chamber and lens within the chamber, supporting a genetic interaction between these genes. Our findings suggest that accumulation of partial functional defects in matrix metalloproteinases-related genes may contribute to increased susceptibility to early-onset glaucoma and provide further evidence supporting the notion of a complex genetic inheritance pattern underlying the disease.
Mood Disorders and Sleep Quality among Undergraduate Students during Covid-19
Authors: Gogichadze Mariam , Mgbedo Nnaemeka Emmanuel , Joao Irvin Savio , Chukwu Chinyere Victory , Mohammad Roshan Afreen , Odzelashvili Inga , Landia Natia
Published: February 2024

Studies have established the crucial role of sleep among the students which plays a significant role in their mood. This study aimed to examine the mood disorders and sleep quality among undergraduate students at the University of Georgia (UG) and comparison between students’ nationality.This cross-sectional study was a self-reported questionnaire comprised of demographics including age, gender, year of study, current location, lifestyle data (Exercise and smoking), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DAS21) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We performed a descriptive analysis, and the Chi-square was statistically significant at p<0.05. The prevalence was at a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) as multivariate analysis examined the multicollinearity. The female students were most of the respondents, below the age of 20 years. The student's mean age was 20.20 (SD± 3.0). DAS report presented 72.7% of students with depressive symptoms, 77.8% with anxiety symptoms, and 62.2% had stress. Georgian students were more at risk of having depressive complaints (95% Cl[1.567-3.788]), anxiety (95% Cl[1.612-4.285]), and stress symptoms (95% Cl[1.743-3.831]). There was a strong relationship between the students who experienced poor sleeping patterns and depressive complaints (aOR 0.10). The students who were smokers (aOR 0.39) were more likely to report anxiety symptoms than the students that do not exercise (aOR 1.68). It was observed that students with depressive symptoms, anxiety, and complaints of stress had a significantly high risk of poor sleep quality. Further studies are recommended to curb psychological symptoms of mood changes in association with sleep disorders among students.
Biomarkers in Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Towards a new perspective.
Authors: González-Nicolás María Ángeles , González-Guerrero Cristian , Goicoechea Marian , Boscá Lisardo , Valiño-Rivas Lara , Lázaro Alberto
Published: February 2024

Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury (CI-AKI) remains a frequent iatrogenic condition since radiological procedures using intra-vascular iodinated contrast media (CM) are being widely administered for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Despite the improvement of the medical healthcare system worldwide, CI-AKI is still associated with direct short-term and indirect long-term outcomes including increased morbidity and mortality, specially, in patients under-lying pre-existing renal function impairment, cardiovascular disease or diabetes that could rap-idly progress into Chronic Kidney Disease. Although the RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage Kidney Disease), AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) and KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) clinical criteria and recommendation guidelines are based on tra-ditional “gold standard” biomarkers known as serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate and urinary output, new reliable serum and urinary biomarkers are still needed for an effective uni-fied diagnostic strategy for AKI. Starting from previous and recent publications on the benefits and limitations of validated biomarkers responding to kidney injury, glomerular filtration and inflammation among others, this review unravels the role of new emerging biomarkers used alone or in combination, as reliable tools for early diagnosis and prognosis of CI-AKI, taking into account patients and procedures-risk factors towards a new clinical perspective.
Analytic Resonance and Model Harmony in Non-linear Oscillators
Authors: Stephenson Matthew James
Published: February 2024

Oscillons, fundamental to various physical domains, are examined in-depth in this paper. From Josephson junctions in superconducting circuits to classical and quantum field theories, oscillators reveal profound insights into diverse phenomena. The study primarily focuses on oscillons, distinctive field configurations with enduring localization, establishing intriguing connections with well-known models like the Sine-Gordon breather. Surprising parallels in the weak coupling limit illuminate the rich dynamics of oscillators. A semi-classical quantization method, discretizing the field into spatially homogeneous regions, exposes stability angles, providing insights into the quantum nature of oscillons. The application of this quantization framework to specific cases, including the Sine-Gordon breather, showcases its versatility. The results offer a comprehensive perspective on the quantization of oscillons, unraveling the intricate interplay between classical and quantum dynamics. In conclusion, this paper provides a profound exploration of quantum oscillators, unveiling novel connections and presenting a rigorous quantization framework. The gained insights contribute significantly to the broader understanding of oscillatory systems and their pivotal role in diverse physical phenomena.
Intranasal Immunization of Pneumococcal pep27 Mutant Attenuates Allergic and Inflammatory Diseases by Upregulating Skin and Mucosal Tregs
Authors: Iqbal Hamid , Rhee Dong-Kwon
Published: February 2024

Mucosal vaccines can target specific mucosal surfaces, such as the respiratory, genital, or intestinal mucosa. Conventional systemic immunization, such as intramuscular injections, do not provide mucosal immunity, including IgA, nor do they prevent pathogens from entering the mucous membranes. Nasal immunization protects mucosal membranes, but nasal antigen presentation appears to entail adjuvant to stimulate immunogenicity. Current treatments for mucosal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and allergic dermatitis only aimed to temporarily relieve symptoms. Moreover, these treatments not only have drug resistance or side effects, but the disease can recur, leading to switching to other treatments. Therefore, there is a need to develop safe and effective treatments that provide better long-term outcomes to reduce the risk of recurrence. Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been used to suppress inflammation. To find advances in mucosal treatment, we investigated the therapeutic effects of intranasal pep27 mutant immunization. Here, a new method of Treg induction through intranasal immunization without adjuvant has been developed to potentially overcome allergies and mucosal inflammation of the lung-gut axis in animal models. The implementation of the pep27 mutant for these therapies should be preceded by studies of Treg resilience through clinical translational studies of dietary changes.
Unveiling the Metaverse: A Survey of User Experience, Social Dynamics, and Technological Interoperability
Authors: Al-kfairy Mousa , Alomari Ayham , Al-Bashayreh Mahmood G. , Tubishat Mohammad
Published: February 2024

This comprehensive review digs into the complex landscape of the Metaverse, focusing on user perceptions and the critical roles of usability, social influence, and interoperability. The paper integrates various scholarly insights, underscoring the Metaverse's evolving significance in the digital realm and its implications across diverse sectors. Central to the findings is the importance of usability. The influence of social factors is also prominent, shaping user behavior and decision-making within these virtual spaces. Interoperability becomes a big problem, showing how important it is to have standard protocols and technologies so that experiences on different Metaverse platforms are smooth and seamless. The review further reveals insights into user experience and accessibility, emphasizing the need for inclusive, ergonomic, and user-friendly design to enhance engagement and reduce barriers. Moreover, the paper discusses the ethical and societal implications of the Metaverse, including issues like digital harassment, aggressive marketing, and privacy concerns, which call for responsible development and robust regulatory frameworks. Additionally, the review identifies gaps in current research, particularly in user experience in healthcare applications, the impact of the Metaverse on educational outcomes, and the need for more empirical studies on the long-term effects of Metaverse interactions on user behavior and psychology. This synthesis offers a detailed overview of current user perceptions and challenges within the Metaverse and sets the stage for future research directions, aiming to foster a secure, inclusive, and interoperable Metaverse environment that aligns with ethical standards and societal needs.
Machine Learning Prediction of Phase and Tensile Properties of High Entropy Alloys Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Tan Xiaojun , Lu Qinghang , Chen Donghui , Wang Zihong , Chen Haitao , Peng Xuyun , Zhang Wei , Xiao Haibing , Liu Zhongmin , Guo Liang , Zhang Qingmao
Published: February 2024

The utilization of selective laser melting (SLM) for high entropy alloys (HEAs) holds significant promise in commercial applications, and substantial experimental research efforts have been directed toward this domain. To take advantage of the reported experimental data of SLM manufactured (SLM-ed) HEAs and reduce unnecessary experimentation, this study incorporates machine learning (ML) techniques for the phase and tensile properties prediction of SLM-ed HEAs, thus presenting a novel avenue for accelerating the discovery of new SLM-ed HEAs. Through the adjustment of material descriptors and machine learning models, a model has been developed with an impressive accuracy of 93.8% in distinguishing between face-centered cubic (FCC), body-centered cubic (BCC), and dual-phase (FCC+BCC). Additionally, optimized models have been devised for the prediction of tensile properties, namely ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation (δ), achieving noteworthy MAPEs (mean absolute percentage errors) of 10.33%, 8.55%, and 28.48%, respectively. Furthermore, several HEAs were fabricated using SLM, and the experimental outcomes exhibited a favorable alignment with the predicted results. These efforts carry significant implications in advancing the utilization of SLM for HEAs.
ANALISIS POPULASI BAKTERI PROBIOTIK LOKAL PADA AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI TAHU
Authors: Utomo Budi , Solichin Solichin , Waruwu Puteri Maria
Published: February 2024

Air limbah industri tahu perlu diolah terlebih dahulu hingga memenuhi baku mutu yang ditetapkan sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan masyarakat luas. Hal ini disebabkan air limbah industri tahu banyak mengandung polutan organik yang cukup tinggi. Pengolahan limbah cair tahu dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan probiotik yang mengandung mikroorganisme yang berfungsi untuk merombak kandungan organik maupun zat yang ada pada limbah. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti ingin menggunakan probiotik berupa  produk probiotik lokal  untuk ditambahkan pada limbah  tahu. Penambahan probiotik pada limbah air tahu dapat mengetahui petumbuhan mikroorganisme  yang non probiotik dan probiotik  pada campuran tersebut. Analisis data yang dilakukan merupakan analisis statiska dengan observasi di laboratorium. Penyajian data juga merupakan data statistik dengan menggunakanmetode grafik yang dapat memperlihatkan hasil perbedaan petumbuhan populasi bakteri pada air limbah industri tahu maupun pada campuran air limbah industri tahu dengan bakteri probiotik lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan maupun penurunan terhadap pertumbuhan populasi bakteri baik pada air limbah tahu murni maupun pada pencampuran bakteri probiotik. Populasi bakteri pada air limbah industri tahu murni( non probiotik) pada pengamatan waktu 0,1,3,5,dan 7 jam cenderung mengalami penurunan pertumbuhan. Pada perbandingan 1:1 dan 1:4 cenderung mengalami penurunan pertumbuhan karena jumlah keseluruhan bakterinya berkurang dalam derajat pembelahan sel dan nutrisi yang ada lebih sedikit dalam untuk pembelahan sel. Sedangkan pada perbandingan 1:2 dan 1:3 cenderung mengalami peningkatan pertumbuhan karena jumlah keluruhan bakterinya sama dalam derajat pembelahan sel dan juga nutrisi yang ada cukup untuk pembelahan sel.
Effectiveness of CBT-Informed Behavioral Health Interventions for Health Care Workers in a Specialized Clinical Service During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Doukas Ashley M. , Sharma Vanshdeep , DePierro Jonathan M. , Ho Scarlett , Starkweather Sydney , Marin Deborah B.
Published: February 2024

Objectives. To evaluate symptomatology and clinical outcomes among treatment-seeking health care workers (HCWs). We examined engagement, presenting symptomatology, and treatment outcomes among a diverse group of HCWs in a large urban health system.

Methods. Demographic and pretreatment–posttreatment outcome data were available for 69 HCWs who sought cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), with or without medication management, at a specialized clinical center from July 1, 2020, to April 25, 2022.

Results. Treatment-seeking HWCs predominantly identified as female (78.3%) and non-White (53.6%) and had a mean age of 36.33 ± 10.72 years. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests showed significant reductions in all symptoms and increased well-being ( P < .001), with effect sizes ranging from 0.59 to 0.71.

Conclusions. Our findings replicate those of existing research on the prevalence of psychiatric distress among HCWs, uniquely focusing on those seeking care. Our outcome data suggest that short-term CBT is effective in reducing clinical symptoms and increasing HCW well-being.

Public Health Implications. Given the elevated rates of distress found in HCW surveys, evidence-based interventions such as ours are essential to ensure workforce well-being. Providing mental health care to HCWs has both individual benefits and potential implications for improved patient care and workforce retention. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S2):S167–S170. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307435 )
Productivity enhancement through enclosure culture in a sub-tropical wetland of Bundelkhand region, India
Authors: R. Thakur Venkatesh , Alam A. , Kumar J. , Gupta M. , Bhattacharjya B. K. , Shrivastava R. S. , Jha D. N. , Das B. K.
Published: February 2024

The enclosure culture i.e. pen culture for in situ raising of stocking material was demonstratedin the Loni wetland, a sub-tropical wetland of Bundelkhand region in central India. Penstocked with 20000 fry of Indian major carps (IMCs), catla, rohu and mrigal in the ratio 1:2:1with initial weight 2.1, 2.83 and 2.82 g respectively @20 m2. The experiment was conductedduring September 2018 to November 2018 for two months. Catla, rohu and mrigal exhibitedsubstantial difference (p<0.05) in the growth pattern during the study with catla growingfrom 2.1±0.21 to 24.25±2.12 g, rohu from 2.83±0.25 to 19.58±1.81g whereas mrigal from2.82±0.23 to 15.42±1.10 g. The specific growth rate (SGR) recorded was 124.6, 108.9 and82.43% in catla, rohu and mrigal, respectively. The survival rate was maximum in rohu (76%),followed by catla (68%) and mrigal (42%). The benefit to cost ratio (BCR) estimated was 1.69and proportion of return on investment was 0.69. Through this intervention, the productivityof fish yield reached up to 450 kg ha-1 yr-1 from 165 kg ha-1 yr-1 which can be further increasedmanifolds. Based on the results of the present experiment, it can be suggested that rearing ofIMC fry to fingerlings in pen enclosures in wetlands is technically feasible and economicallyviable. 
Keywords:Demonstration, Fingerlings, Floodplain wetland, Pen culture, Productivity, Stocking
Effect of extenders, cryoprotectants and dilution ratios on the spermatological properties of cryopreserved milt of cobia Rachycentron canadum
Authors: Singh Sweety , Betsy C. Judith , Antony Cheryl , Kumar J. Stephen Sampath
Published: February 2024

Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) culture depends on the availability of seeds which isaffected by asynchronous spawning and brooders availability. The possible solution forthese problems is the use of cryopreserved, high quality gametes from selected individuals.Therefore, in the present study, the effect of different extenders, different concentrationsof cryoprotectants and dilution ratios on the spermatological properties of cryopreservedcobia milt was analysed. Milt was collected from R. canadum brooders and diluted withMarine Fish Ringer’s Solution (MFRS) and 0.85% physiological saline (PS) as extendersand dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as cryoprotectant at three different concentrations(5, 10 and 15%) at three dilution ratios such as 1:5, 1:10 and 1:15. Motility duration, motilitypattern, motility score and percentage of live and dead cells were analysed. The milt wasrapidly frozen employing liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 min. The milt sample diluted with PSand 10% DMSO at 1:5 dilution ratio exhibited highest post-thaw motility parameters.
Keywords:Cryoprotectants, Cryopreservation, Dilution ratios, Extenders, Spermatological properties, Rachycentron canadum
Principal component analysis of alimentary canal metrics in developmental stages of the rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) from Kashmir Valley, India
Authors: Wali Asifa , H. Shah Tasaduq , Bhat F. A. , Adnan Abubakr  , Bilal Ahmad Bhat  , Tariq Hussain Bhat  , Nazir Nageena , Ishrat Mohd
Published: February 2024

The primary objective of the research was to ascertain the variations in gut morphometry inrainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during its life cycle spanning fry, fingerlings, yearlings,table-sized and brood-sized fish. The gut morphometric parameters viz., total length (a),standard length (b), weight (c), gut length (d), gut weight (e), intestinal length (f), liver weight (g),relative length of the gut (h), intestinal coefficient (i), relative gut mass (j), Zihlers index (k),hepatosomatic index (l) and gastrosomatic index (m) were all significantly correlated,according to the component pattern profile. The biplots that were created helped to explainthe variations in the data. From the principal components PC1 and PC2, the variable i(intestinal coefficient) of O. mykiss in all five stages was responsible for the largest variation.This was followed by variations from PC1 that were related to the variables h (relative lengthof the gut), j (relative gut mass), m (gastrosomatic index), d (gut length), e (gut weight) andf (intestinal length). The largest variation in PC2 was caused by variable b (standard length),and was followed by variation caused by variable a (total length). As a result, gut length(d=0.354431), gut weight (e=0.342041), weight (c=0.333106), total length (a=0.320632),intestinal length (f=0.301986), relative gut length (h=0.241842), Zihlers index (k=0.238940),relative gut mass (j=0.247716) and gastrosomatic index (m=0.233688) all showed highpositive component loading. Through the use of basic metrics to assess different gutparameters, we were able to ascertain the feed and nutritional needs of O. mykiss at differentdevelopmental stages. Understanding alimentary canal shape is crucial for fish digestionand for optimising fish nutrition as fish digestive systems and feeding practices advance.
Keywords:Fingerling, Gut metrics, Intestinal length, Kashmir, Life cycle, Nutrition, O. mykiss, Raceways
Reduction in salt fermentation time of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) using Halobacterium salinarum as a starter culture
Authors: Reddy P Ramakrishna , K. Hajare Nikesh , Das Oishi , K. Balange Ajmad , Martin Xavier K. A. , Nayak Binaya Bhushan
Published: February 2024

Salt fermentation is a preservation technique in which higher salt concentrations areintroduced to inhibit the growth of most spoilage microbes. This process takes severalmonths to attain maturity. The present study was designed to accelerate the fermentationrate and shorten the maturation time employing the haloarchaeal strain Halobacteriumsalinarum (HS1). H. salinarum was inoculated in the salt fermentation medium and thefermentation time and quality were compared to the control salt fermentation withoutinoculation of HS1. The lot inoculated with HS1 matured by the 60th day with higher sensoryscores, whereas the control (C) took 120 days for maturation, indicating that the saltfermentation process can be accelerated using haloarchaea. The final moisture contentat the end of 120 days in the control and HS1 were 56.31 and 56.78% respectively. pHshowed decreasing trend initially and was found to be stable in later phases. Protein contentreduced from 24.29 to 18.95% and 15.03% in control and HS1 respectively. Fat contentfluctuated throughout the fermentation period (6.99 to 8.81%) showing an increasingpattern initially and then a reduction during later stages of fermentation. Trimethylamine(TMA, 3.12 to 14.09 mg%), total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN, 18.23 to 38.35 mg%),alpha-amino nitrogen (AAN, 31.87 to 126.43 mg%) and non-protein nitrogen (NPN,0.18 to 0.83%) contents increased throughout the salt fermentation process but werefound to be within limits suggesting controlled degradation. Present results suggest thatH. salinarum (HS1) as a starter culture can accelerate salt fermentation and maturation canbe attained by 60 days compared to 120 days of maturation time taken by control without HS1. 
Keywords:Haloarchaea, Halobacterium salinarum, Indian mackerel, Maturation,  Salt fermentation