bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APROVEITAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS DE PEQUENOS EMPREENDIMENTOS MADEIREIROS EM JERÔNIMO MONTEIRO – ES
Authors: Chichorro José Franklim , Batista Tharcia Ribeiro
Published: July 2024

Nesse trabalho foi feita uma abordagem sobre a viabilidade econômica do aproveitamento dos resíduos de quatro empreendimentos madeireiros em Jerônimo Monteiro, ES. Para isso, foram analisados três projetos nomeados como: briquetagem, compostagem e cama de animal. Para quantificar os resíduos dos empreendimentos enchia-se sacas de aniagem, separando cepilhos e serragem as quais eram, semanalmente, pesadas. Essa amostragem foi feita durante os meses de abril, maio e junho de 2013. O peso médio de cada saca com cepilhos foi de 10 kg e com serragem de 22 kg. A avaliação econômica de cada projeto proposto foi efetuada pelo método do valor presente líquido (VPL), com taxas de descontos a 6, 8 e 10%. Os resultados evidenciaram perspectivas econômicas viáveis para os projetos cama de animal, seguido do projeto briquete. O projeto compostagem teve valores do VPL negativos, portanto, inviável do ponto de vista econômico.Palavras-chave: resíduos de madeira, aproveitamento, viabilidade econômica. UTILIZATION OF TIMBER RESIDUES FROM SMALLENTERPRISES OF JERÔNIMO MONTEIRO - ES, BRAZIL ABSTRACTThis study was conducted with the aim of addressing the economic viability of recovery of waste generated in 4 timber companies in Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil. Were analyzed three projects named as: briquetting, animal bed and composting. To quantify the disposal of enterprises heavy bags were filled weekly with the separation between wood shavings and sawdust during the months of April, May and June. The average weight of each bag with wood shavings was 10 kg and 22 kg of sawdust. An economic evaluation of each proposed project was performed by the method of net present value (NPV), with discount rates of 6, 8 and 10%. The results showed that the best project was the animal bed, followed briquette project. The composting VPL was negative, invalidating the project.Keywords: wood residues, utilization, economic viability. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05n01a11
VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DA PRODUÇÃO DE CAJU (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Authors: De Almeida Luiza Heloá Ferreira , Cordeiro Sidney Araujo , Pereira Rafaella Silva , Couto Luiz Carlos , Lacerda Klaus Wesley de Souza
Published: July 2024

O artigo analisa a viabilidade econômica de um plantio de caju anão a partir das estimativas de custos e receitas da produção da castanha e do pedúnculo. Também foi realizada análise de sensibilidade para aferir a influência das variáveis: produção do pedúnculo; produção da castanha; preço do pedúnculo; preço da castanha; e custo de implantação na rentabilidade do cultivo. Utilizou-se os métodos: valor presente líquido (VPL); taxa interna de retorno (TIR); valor periódico equivalente (VPE) e razão benefício/custo (B/C). Para análise de sensibilidade fez-se variações de ±30% nas variáveis. O projeto mostrou-se viável, com VPL = R$ 212.690,45/ha; TIR = 57%; VPE = R$ 20.245,13/ha; e B/C = 1,79. A análise de sensibilidade mostrou que a variável preço da castanha, influenciou mais nos resultados do VPL e da TIR que as demais. Conclui-se que a produção de cajueiro anão precoce é economicamente viável. A análise de sensibilidade revelou que mesmo com variações no âmbito de ±30% nas características de maior influência, a rentabilidade mostrou-se positiva, o que diminui a incerteza do produtor quanto ao retorno do seu investimento.Palavras-chave: mercado florestal, castanha de caju, produto florestal não-madeireiro. ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF CASHEW PRODUCTION (Anacardium occidentale L.) ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the economic feasibility of a cashew plantation through costs and revenues of the production of chestnut and peduncle. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was conducted to demonstrate the influence of the variables: production of the peduncle; chestnut production; peduncle price; chestnut price, and the cost of implementation in the profitability of production. For this research was used these methods: net present value (NPV); internal rate of return (IRR); equivalent periodic value (EPV); and benefit/cost ratio (B/C). For sensitivity analysis were made variations of + 30% and -30% in the variables. The project proved to be feasible, with NVP=R$ 212,690.45/ha; IRR = 57%; VPE = R $ 20,245.13/ha; and B/C = 1.79. The sensitivity analysis showed that the variable chestnut price influenced more in the NVP and IRR than the others. We concluded that the dwarf cashew production is feasible. The sensitivity analysis showed that even with variations around ±30% in the most influential characteristics the profitability was positive, which gives certainty to the producer as to the return on your investment.Keywords: forest market, cashew nut, non-timber forest products. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05n01a02
EQUAÇÕES VOLUMÉTRICAS PARA Couratari stellata A.C Smith (Tauari) NA FLORESTA NACIONAL DO TAPAJÓS
Authors: Oliveira Rosilena Conceição Azevedo de , Rode Rafael , Gama João Ricardo Vasconcellos , Almeida Everton Cristo de
Published: July 2024

Objetivou-se, neste estudo, ajustar modelos volumétricos em diferentes situações de modelagem para obtenção de equações de volume para a espécie Couratari stellata (Tauari) na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós. As informações necessárias foram obtidas da cubagem rigorosa realizada durante a atividade de romaneio de quatro Unidades de Produção Anual (UPAs), onde foram cubadas no total 1431 árvores de Tauari e ajustados treze modelos volumétricos. Os dados foram organizados para três situações de modelagem: 1) total das árvores cubadas das quatro UPAs, 2) por UPA individual e, 3) por classe de diâmetro de DAP. Obteve-se a qualidade dos ajustes dos modelos por meio do R² ajustado, Erro padrão da estimativa (Syx%), fator de inflação da variância (VIF) e análise gráfica dos resíduos, já a validação dos modelos, a partir do teste qui-quadrado (X²). Os modelos que apresentaram melhores ajustes para as quatro UPAs foram Schumacher e Spurr logaritimizado. Nas UPAs individuais, se destacaram as equações de Schumacher para as Unidades 07, 08 e 09 e Spurr log para a 06. Entre as classes diamétricas não foram obtidos resultados satisfatórios. Todas as equações selecionadas foram válidas segundo o teste estatístico realizado.Palavras-chave: cubagem rigorosa, modelagem, volume. VOLUMETRIC EQUATIONS FOR Couratari stellata A.C Smith (Tauari) IN THE TAPAJÓS NATIONAL FOREST ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to adjust volumetric models in different modeling situations to obtain volume equations for the species Couratari stellata (Tauari) in the Tapajós National Forest. The necessary information was obtained from the rigorous cubing carried out during the romaneio activity of four Annual Production Units (UPAs), where a total of 1431 Tauari trees were planted and thirteen volumetric models adjusted. The data were organized for three modeling situations: 1) total trees cubed from the four UPAs, 2) per individual UPA, and 3) per diameter class of DAP. We obtained the quality of the model adjustments by means of the adjusted R², Standard error of the estimate (Syx%), factor of inflation of the variance (VIF) and graphical analysis of the residues, already the validation of the models, Square (X²). The models that presented the best adjustments for the four UPAs were Schumacher and Spurr logarithmized. In the individual UPAs, the Schumacher equations for Units 07, 08 and 09 and Spurr log for 06 were highlighted. No satisfactory results were obtained among the diametric classes. All the selected equations were valid according to the statistical test performed.Keywords: rigorous cubing, modeling, volume. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05n02a10
CARACTERIZAÇÃO FLORÍSTICO-FITOSSOCIOLÓGICA DO COMPONENTE LENHOSO EM FRAGMENTO DE CAATINGA NO MUNICÍPIO DE UPANEMA-RN
Authors: Sousa Santos William de , Pereira de Sousa Mailson , Formiga Queiroz Nóbrega Gisela , Silva de Medeiros Felipe , Rocha Alves Allyson , Holanda Alan Cauê de
Published: July 2024

Objetivou-se caracterizar a composição florística e fitossociológica do componente florestal lenhoso em um fragmento de Caatinga localizada no município de Upanema-RN. Realizou-se o levantamento por meio da Amostragem Aleatória Simples, instalando-se 11 unidades amostrais de 20 x 20 m (400 m²). Em cada unidade amostral foram inventariados todos os indivíduos florestais arbustivos arbóreos vivos que apresentaram circunferência a altura do peito maior que seis centímetros (CAP ≥ 6 cm). Avaliou-se os parâmetros fitossociológicos da estrutura horizontal e vertical, a diversidade florística das espécies através do Índice de Shannon-Weaver (H’), dominância de Simpson (C) e equabilidade de Pielou (J’). A família com maior número de espécies e de indivíduos foi a Fabaceae. As espécies com maior importância na área de estudo sob os aspectos fitossociológicos foram Combretum leprosum, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Bauhinia cheilantha, Mimosa ophthalmocentra e Poincianella pyramidalis. A diversidade de espécie encontrada na área foi considerada média se comparada com outros fragmentos florestais de caatinga já estudados.Palavras-chave: diversidade florística, estrutura horizontal, vegetação de caatinga. FLORISTIC-PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WOODY COMPONENT IN A CAATINGA FRAGMENT IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF UPANEMA-RN, BRAZIL ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to characterize the floristic and phytosociological composition of the woody component in a Caatinga fragment located in the city of Upanema-RN, Brazil. The survey was carried out by means of Simple Random Sampling, installing 11 sample units of 20 x 20 m (400 m²). In each sample unit, all forest trees were evaluated, with a chest circumference greater than six centimeters (CAP ≥ 6 cm). The phytosociological parameters of the horizontal and vertical structure, the floristic diversity through the Shannon-Weaver Index (H ‘), Simpson dominance (C) and Pielou equability (J’) were evaluated. The family with the highest number of species and individuals was Fabaceae. The most important species in the study area under the phytosociological aspects were Combretum leprosum, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Bauhinia cheilantha, Mimosa ophthalmocentra and Poincianella pyramidalis. The diversity of species found in the area was considered average when compared to other forest fragments of caatinga already studied. Keywords: floristic diversity, horizontal structure, vegetation of caatinga. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05n02a02
INFLUENCE OF SOWING METHODS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF SUNFLOWER GROWING IN WESTERN UKRAINE
Authors: Dumych V. ,   Lviv National Agrarian University, Krupych O. ,   Lviv National Agrarian University
Published: July 2024

The purpose of research: to determine the influence of different methods of sowing on the formation of seed yield and the efficiency of sunflower cultivation in the soil and climatic conditions of Western Ukraine. Methods. Field research was conducted in the soil and climatic conditions of Western Ukraine. The experimental field was characterized by sod deep clayey sandy soils. Two methods of sunflower sowing were studied: traditional with a row spacing of 70 cm using a «Gaspardo Renata R MTR 8» precision seeding vacuum planter and narrow-row sowing with a row spacing of 12.5 cm – the «Gaspardo Corona 600» seeding complex. During the research, the structural elements of sunflower seed productivity and the efficiency of two methods of sowing were estimated. Results: According to the research results it was established that in the variant with traditional sowing the average number of seeds in the basket was greater. The same trend was also observed concerning basket size, seed weight, and productivity of one plant, which made it possible to form a sunflower seed yield of 1.67 t/ha, which is 0.14 t/ha (by 9.1%) more than in the plot with narrow-row sowing. Direct operational use of technical means for performing technological operations of soil preparation, fertilizer application, and seed sowing in traditional sowing amounts to UAH 2,541/ha and is higher by UAH 667/ha compared to costs in the narrow-row variant. However, due to the higher yield in the version of traditional sowing, a higher income from the sale of seed was obtained by 1890 hryvnias/ha. Therefore, the effectiveness of the applied technical and technological solutions on the plot with traditional sowing amounted to 1223 hryvnias/ha. Conclusions. The «Gaspardo Corona 600» sowing complex can perform narrow-row sowing of sunflower seeds with the specified sowing rate in the conditions of Western Ukraine. Although a slightly lower yield was obtained in the variant with narrow-row sowing, direct operating costs for pre-sowing soil cultivation and sowing are lower than for technical and technological solutions for implementing traditional wide-row sowing. The results of using the «Gaspardo Corona 600» sowing complex for sunflower sowing can be useful for farmers when deciding to buy a row drill and save the financial resources of farms. Keywords: sunflower, methods of sowing seeds, row seeder, sowing complex, productivity, efficiency.
Program-Targeted Support for the Implementation of Priority National Meso-Level Projects (on the Example of the Promotion of the National Project "Culture" by the Institutional System of the Tula Region)
Authors: Kruglov Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: July 2024

Due to the aggravation of sanctions by unfriendly states towards the Russian Federation, our country is closely facing the need for total import substitution and the introduction of an innovation management system. One of its key tools today is the implementation of priority national projects in business entities. Project management is becoming a priority area of activity in almost all sectors of both production and non-production structures. The direction of culture in the previously planned economy at the state level was often financed according to the system of the «residual principle», which could not but affect the final results. In the system of new approaches and values, the situation is beginning to change. The Culture project is among the leading national projects. The author examines its program-targeted (as well as financial and rating) support on the example of the institutional system of the Tula region. Statistical and monographic data, the legislative base of the federal and regional levels are taken as the basis of the research. From the point of view of the system. A multifactorial analysis of the promotion of the priority national project «Culture» in the Tula region is given for complex, process and situational approaches. The trend and mental characteristics of local territories are taken into account when carrying out systematic work on project management.
Advancing potential field data analysis: the Modified Horizontal Gradient Amplitude method (MHGA)
Authors: AI Hanbing , DENIZ TOKTAY Hazel , ALVANDI Ahmad , PAŠTEKA Roman , SU Kejia , LIU Qiang
Published: July 2024

Enhancing the detection accuracy of the edges of the geological features within the subsurface remains a significant objective in geophysical data interpretation. Despite numerous advancements, approaches stemming from the directional gradients of gravity and magnetic fields still grapple with challenges such as low-resolution outcomes and susceptibility to noise contamination. In this study, we introduce a novel filtering framework based on the total horizontal gradient and its derivatives, designed to yield more precise and coherent edges free from false boundaries or disruptive artifacts. Validation using synthetic Bishop complex magnetic and gravity datasets, alongside Tuangiao aeromagnetic data from Vietnam, substantiates the robustness and applicability of our modified approach. Furthermore, recognizing the inherent susceptibility of edge detection filters to noise contamination resulting from directional derivatives, we employ the recently developed modified non-local means (MNLM) algorithm to alleviate noise effects prior to the analysis of noisy synthetic and real datasets. Our findings confirm the efficacy of the proposed method in reducing false artifacts and identifying edges with heightened precision, positioning MHGA as a valuable alternative for processing potential field data.
انموذج جيلوجي - مكمني ثلاثي الابعاد لتكوين المشرف في حقل حلفاية
Authors: منصور النجم فهد , مال الله حنظل آمنة , عبد السادة طه نهاد
Published: July 2024

جرى في هذا البحث تشخيص الخصائص البتروفيزيائية لتكوين المشرف في حقل حلفاية من خلال تفسير بيانات المجسات البئرية(Hf-2, Hf-3, Hf-4, Hf-5, Hf-7) والتي من خلالها جرى حساب المسامية الكلية (الفعالة) والثانوية  وحجم السجيل والتشبعين المائي والنفطي بجزئية القابل للحركة والمتبقي وللنطاقين المكتسح وغير المكتسح. اعتماداً على الخصائص البتروفيزيائية المشخصة امكن تقسم تكوين المشرف في حقل حلفايه الى ثلاث وحدات مكمنيه رئيسة باستخدام برنامج(Techlog, 2011) استناداً الى استجابة المجسات البئريه هي(mA, mB, mC) والتي بدورها تقسم الى عدد من الوحدات الثانوية استناداً الى نتائج التحليل البتروفيزيائي(المسامية الكلية) حيث ان الوحدة الرئيسة(mB) تقسم الى الوحدات الثانوية(mB11) (mB12) (mB21) (mB22)، وان جميعها تفصل بواسطة وحدات عازلة. جرى تمثيل المعطيات البتروفيزيائية المكمنية من خلال بناء أنموذج مكمني ثلاثي الابعاد للمسامية والتشبع النفطي وذلك باستخدام برنامج(Petrel, 2009) لتوضيح توزيع تلك الخصائص البتروفيزيائية لكل وحدة مكمنية ضمن آبار الحقل. إذ بينت النتائج ان افضل الوحدات المكمنية هي الوحدة المكمنية الثانية والاولى(mB11) (mA) على التوالي أخذين بنظر الاعتبار تغاير سماكة تلك الوحدات، ثم تليها الوحدات(mB12) (mb21)(mB22) على التوالي، في حين تميزت الوحدات الثانوية للوحدة الرئيسة(mC) بسماكتها الكبيرة لكن كان تشبعها النفطي ردئ وشبة منعدم. وقد لوحظ ان التشبع النفطي لتلك الوحدات(mA) (mB) يزداد باتجاه الجناح الغربي للحقل عند البئر(Hf-2).
Construction of Central Receiver -Type Field of Solar Power Plant Model
Authors: Ma’allak Hannun Rafid , K.Khulkhal Ayad , I. Hasan Mushtaq
Published: July 2024

The use of central receiver (or Power-Tower type) of heliostat as concentrators on absorber plate (target), used practically as boiler, proved convenient and favorable both in performance and cost. In this work a model of solar thermal power plant field was designed, analyzed, fabricated and studied in details using central receiver type. The model is constructed on flat, smooth, rigid and strong plywood board used as a base for the model fixed on an inclined base at an angle of 20º. The field area was set on quarter circle to arrange the heliostats; and at the centre of a circle the tower is carrying a copper plate target was fixed. Two sets of heliostat field [(540) and (1097) mirror] were tested experimentally. Experimental data and results obtained showed that the use of solar energy in power generation is a very promising application .The temperatures achieved for target were in the range of steam boilers operation temperatures (268- 578)C ̊. The number of heliostat has a major effect on the target temperature; the power concentration factor and the overall efficiency of the system.
Experimental Study of Solar Hot Water System Design
Authors: Sahib Ali Muhannad
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the design of flat-plate solar collector system experimentally.The production amount of hot water depends on the type and size of the system, the amount of sun rays available at the site, proper installation, and the tilt angle and orientation of the collectors with respect to the south direction. The results show that the amount of the energy collected by the thermal fluid and the absorber plate are inversely proportional to that thickness and diameter of both riser and drum tubes, and it decreases when the air gab between glasses layer increases( prevents the sun rays and the solar effect ).The intensity of the mean sun rays daily per hour is an important factor to the energy absorbed by the collector. This study used aluminumas an absorber plate because its thermal conductivity is high more than copper and mild steel ,its price is cheap.
A New Differential Configuration of Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Torque Regulationloop
Authors: Khalaf Ali Abdul baki , Sh .Munahi Basil , Abbas Johi Karrar , abdul-kadhem kheioon Imad
Published: July 2024

The most significant weakness of hybrid electric vehicles(HEV) is the high construction cost and the complicated control strategies due to multiple power sources[1],[2] .In this paper a new developed configuration of hybrid vehicle is presented.The new configuration is simple,cost-effective and easy to implement .The differential unit, which acts as mechanical torque-overflow keeps engine torque within a predefined value .This is achieved by the aid of torque loop attached to one terminal of the differential.The new configuration proved to act continuously varying transmission(CVT)and also can perform efficient control strategies .Minimum emissions can be assured by running the IC-engine within best engine performance zone which is characterized by engine torque and engine speed.
Effect of Soil Topography on Center Pivot Sprinkler Irrigation System
Authors: محمد نصيف الزيدي باسم
Published: July 2024

This study consist performance evaluation of Center Pivot Sprinkler Irrigation System in various cases of topography with based on a certain model ,the model is applied to difference cases of topography with uniformity slopes up hill and down hill .The equilibrium between characterize of system operation and requirement of model operation in topography is study,the uniformity with which a sprinkler irrigation system applies water is an important aspect of that system performance and should be consider in design and management this system, this is achieved by determine uniformity coefficient, therefore this study also consist effect of topography on uniformity under different case of soil topography .Result have been shown for case of equilibrium between pump and irrigation system that pressure head at the beginning of pipe will increase when was up hill slope but inflow decrease because deficit in pressure head and flowrate at middle and end of pipe and vice versa .Also the study showed that effect of topography on uniformity in center pivot is limited although a large change in pressure head and flowrate along the pipe ,and can be say that it is return to nature of change in flowrate and Christiansen's coefficient which it used to characterize water distribution uniformity.
Dynamic Finite Elements Analysis of Coaxial Dual Rotor System Using MatLab
Authors: Dr. AMEEN AHMED NASSAR
Published: July 2024

Dynamic analysis of coaxial dual rotor system was demonstrated in this paper through the use of finite element script files developed using matlab. A coaxial rotor system, generally employed in the aircraft engines to save space and keep the weight to minimum, and for the importance of this application it was considered for this analysis. The system was modeled using eight finite elements only with different shafts and bearings properties. The results obtained in this investigation were closed to other previous studies found in the literature. The developed matlab script files proved to be very essential for designers and analyst of coaxial rotors.
Experimental Study on Composite Beams with Circular Web Openings
Authors: Waleed Kh. Hadi  , May J. Hamoodi
Published: July 2024

The behavior of composite beams with circular web openings is described. Four composite beams comprising one control beam were tested. The perforated beams have six circular openings with various locations. Opening size was fixed (66.7% of the steel section web depth) while number of openings in each composite beam was varied. Deflections at midspan and at openings were observed. Cracking of concrete slab and behavior of each opening were explained in detail. Tests indicated that circular web opening reduced the strength of composite beams. The behavior of composite beams relatively unaffected by the presence of circular web openings up to first yield. Less effect for the inclusion of circular web openings located out of midspan. The concrete slab has limited contribution to the strength of composite beams with circular web openings.
Non linear vibration analysis of liquid storage tank
Authors: Dr. Abdulamir A. Karim  , Thamer hussein amer
Published: July 2024

This study presents an idealization scheme for the analysis of rectangular storage tanks acted upon by earthquake excitations. Above and below ground tank, are considered. A linear three-dimensional finite element analysis is adopted to predict the natural frequencies. The analysis parameters are the ratio of height to length of the tank, the type of soil, level of water in the tank, and also the wall thickness.Tanks made from steel as well as from concrete are investigated. A general purpose finite element program (ANSYS 12.0)used to model the analysed system. The tank base and wall are modelled by plane strain shell elements. The contained liquid is represented by a special solid element. Finally, the soil is modelled by simple spring-damper elements. The soil medium is idealized by the elastic half space model, that is, linear springs are assumed to represent the structure-soil interface. Which is then modelled by two-node spring dashpot elements.Forced vibration analysis is conducted on above ground and buried concrete tank. This analysis is carried out by applying the records of the North-South component of the 1940 El Centro earthquake with peak acceleration of 0.32g. It is found that the bending stresses in above ground concrete tank is (74.167) % greater than the stresses in buried tank with the same dimensions.
Study Large Deformation Coil Spring Development For Robotics Submersible
Authors: Dr. Intessar A. Hadi
Published: July 2024

In this work the present a theoretical study for the free vibration of cylindrical, conical and helical springs. Circular cross sections, and non-circular cross section, namely elliptical, are considered as well for the investigating of the frequency characteristics of the springs. The equations of motion are derived mathematically for springs with different geometries. The mode shapes are numerically implemented by using COMSOL 4.2 software package for three dimensional solid elements. The mode shapes configurations are determined by applying different force loads and boundary conditions for different number of spring turns. The results show that increasing the number of turns leads to decrease the spring stiffness and vice versa. Also decreasing turn number is a good strategy to distinguish between different mode shapes. Springs stiffness is directly proportional to coil diameter. It is also shown that the configuration of cylindrical-elliptical spring is prone to the applied force where the stiffness is lower among all other spring types with the same number of turns.
Application Of Artificial Neural Network Models For Predicting Total Dissolved Solids In Marsh Water
Authors: Dr. Mohammed D. Salman
Published: July 2024

In this paper an Artificial Neural Networks (ANNS) model is designed to predict the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration in marsh water. A previous data set are selected from previous studies which done on analysis of marsh water quality, these data are arranged in a format of five input parameters to feed forword back-propagation including the acidity (pH), calcium concentration (C), Magnesium Concentration (M) , Chloride Concentration (Cl) and Sulphate Concentration (S), and one output parameter as Total Dissolved Solids concentration. Artificial Neural Network used to study the effect of each parameter on TDS concentration in marsh water. Several structures of ANNs model is examined with different transfer functions, activation functions, number of neurons in each hidden layer and number of hidden layers. Results show that the two hidden layer network with transfer function (trainscg) with (12 & 10) neurons in the first and second hidden layer respectively and (tansig-tansig-purelin) gives the best performance (Mean Square Error: 3.05e-5) network for this prediction.
Study The Effect Of Different Common Beam Sections Having A Constant Cross Sectional Area On The Critical Buckling Load
Authors: Dr. Abdul-Wahab Hassan Khuder  , Sabah Khammass Hussein  , Ammar Azeez Mahdi
Published: July 2024

A simply supported beam is used to calculate the critical buckling load. A common beam sections with constant cross sectional area are used to analyze the results using ANSYS11 program which gives a good results as comparing with the theoretical equation. The critical buckling load depends on the shape and dimensions of beam section which has constant cross sectional area. It observed that the critical buckling load is higher with a wide range of width for thinner hollow rectangular-section than the thicker section and lower for ( I, T & L-sections). Changing the width or thickness for U & Z-sections gave a small effect on the critical buckling load. Increasing the thickness of hollow circle beam section gives a decreasing in the critical buckling load. The last beam section gives a higher critical buckling load as comparing with solid circle section of the same cross sectional area. The same phenomenon is found for hollow rectangular-section as comparing with the solid section.
Optimal Wastewater Treatment Design by Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Majeed Al-Kadmi Ahmed , Abdul Hadi Zohul
Published: July 2024

Integrated advanced wastewater treatment provides important fundamental solutions to problems associated with water scarcity prevailing in arid and semi-arid climatic regions.This was accomplished through treated water with specific specification and characteristics suitable to be used for agricultural, domestic, and industrial purposes. This study is concerned with the use of genetic algorithm procedure for the optimum design of integrated advance wastewater treatment units, with their various types and characteristics. The aim of optimum wastewater treatment units design is to attain optimum values of certain pre-defined objective function. The objective function is to satisfy certain constraints and achieve minimum capital, maintenance, and operation costs.Chemical clarification treatment unit was used in this study.This study includes development of computer program for advances wastewater treatment plants design adopting genetic algorithm. The program was developed using Matlab software. The results obtained from this study include the finding of optimum design criteria for advanced wastewater treatment plants. The obtained design criteria are satisfying the required water quality with minimum treatment cost.
Effect of Hole Space Ratio on Effusion Cooling Performance
Authors: Faisal Sultan Khalid
Published: July 2024

The film cooling effectiveness and local heat transfer coefficient for different hole space ratio have been experimentally investigated on a flat plate in the current study. The investigations were done by using a single test transient IR thermography technique. Three models of staggered holes arrangement are investigated. ). Each model is provided with five columns of holes, these models are arranged with staggered row holes. The holes diameter is 4mm, the longitudinal distance (X/D) is 10, and the span distance between two neighboring holes (S/D) are 3, 5, and 7 respectively. The attitude of the holes is fixed at inclination angle (θ= 30º ). The blowing ratios, cold to hot air flow ratio, have been changed three times (BR= 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5) during the experimental program. The experimental investigation showed that the thermal performance decreases as the space ratio (S/D) increases for all blowing ratios, and the film cooling effectiveness decreases as the blowing ratio increases for all the three models.
Effect of silica fume on the mechanical properties of crushed brick concrete
Authors: Mohammed Kamil Ghanim
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of silica fume on the mechanical properties of concrete obtained by replacing 50% of weight of stone aggregate by crushed clay-brick. The only variable considered in this study was the dosage of silica which it is a percent of cement weight, the percent values of replacement silica fume are (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) of cement weight. The comparative study is focus on the effect of the silica fume on this type of concrete not the effect of replacement of crushed brick. The added silica fume has active effect on the strength of crushed brick concrete. The effect of using silica fume on compressive strength is different for the different replacement of silica fume and it is more active for the 2% replacement at 7 days age, while the replacement that yield best enhancement at 28 days is 4%. The compressive strength for 28 days age is about 27.5 MPa,29.5 MPa, 38.5 MPa,31.4MPa, and 10MPa,for (0%, 2%,4%,6%, and8%) of replacement silica percent .Further more the best increasing in tensile strength is at 2%while there is a small gradually increasing in gain in modulus of rupture with using silica fume until 6%, which beyond the least value it starts to drop.The high level which is observed in this study beyond 6% reduces the gain in strength of compressive at 28 days and it gets a compressive strength less than the control value at 7 days. Furthermore it gets a reduction in tensile strength and modulus of rupture in at 28days.
Study The Effect Of Water – Gas Shift Equilibrium on Adiabatic Flame Temperature for Alkanes Family Fuels at rich conditions
Authors: Tahseen Ali Gabbar
Published: July 2024

The effect of water –gas shift equilibrium on adiabatic flame temperature for Alkanes family fuels was studied.The calculations of adiabatic flame temperatures were carried out by developing a program by using visual basic 6 language, based on a general algorithm meant to compute the equilibrium composition of products for any fuel–oxidizer gaseous mixture. The algorithm is based on the thermodynamic principles. Ten compounds were considered as products: the fuel (CnH2n+2), CO2, CO, H2O, N2, O2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, H2,their heat were capacities expressed as function of temperature with the form: Cp=ao+a1T+a2T2+a3T3. Two methods with and without water –gas shift equilibrium were used to analysis the products gases. The results showed, adiabatic flame temperature calculated with water –gas shift equilibrium greater than that calculated without water –gas shift equilibrium.
Thermo- economic analysis of inlet air cooling in gas turbine plants in Basrah(Al-Rumaila gas turbine power plant case 58 study
Authors: S. Sultan Hussien
Published: July 2024

In the hot regions the demand on electricity increased in the hot months. Gas turbine power plant is a good solution for this problem, since it has low cost, low time of installation and stable with electricity grid variation. But the power output of gas turbine is affected by the ambient temperature, the power decrease by 18% when the ambient temperature increase to 40oc. Inlet air cooling methods are used to boost the power losses in the hot days. In the present study a thermally and economically analysis was performed for Al-Rumaila gas turbine power plant located in Basrah (south of Iraq). The plant consist from five units and each unit designed to generates 296MW. The results shows that, the maximum decrease in the power developed due the increase in ambient air temperature reaches 22.97% during the month of July. The percentage of power saving due inlet air cooling increased with increasing the ambient air temperature.
Effect of Heat Treatment Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of (AISI1005) Steel
Authors: L. Jaber Hassanen , K. Salim R. , S. fahad Ashraf
Published: July 2024

This study aims to investigate tensile properties and work hardening behavior of dual phase (DP) steels. A series of DP steels containing ferrite and martensite with different volume fractions of martensite (Vm) were produced by intercritical heat treatment. Microstructural investigations, hardness test, and tensile test were carried out. The experimental results showed that dual phase steels at 760oc and10s have excellent mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength, ductility and fracture energy. A further increase in Vm was found to increase tensile strengths and ductility. The increasing and then decreasing trend in tensile strength is in contrast to the law of mixture. These unusual behaviors are discussed and explained. Work hardening behavior was analyzed in terms of Holloman analysis.
GIS التحليل المكاني والاحصائي لحوادث الحرائق في مدينة الناصرية لعام ٢٠١٥ باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية
Authors: م. مرتضى سرحان ساجت  , م.م امير هادي محمد علي  , المهندسة سجى محسن خزعل
Published: July 2024

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have contributed in the optimal planning of cities in general, and evaluate the distribution of services locations within cities, including the civil defense service in particular. The city of Nasiriyah was chosen to study the different geographic data collection belonging to the reality of the civil defense service offered, in addition to the collection of more than 600 fire accident have been processed for 2015, and using ArcGIS program has been the introduction and management of different data and evaluated statistically, and it turned out that the ratio the largest of fire accidents had occurred within the civil defense center Numan service scope and earned the Al-Sharquia district (south east of the city), the largest number of them. The main conclusions of this study is that 63% of fires in open areas were causes messes the kids, either the main recommendations of the study can be summarized the need to increase the number of detachments of civil defense during the summer, especially the need to use the Global Positioning System GPS to ensure the precise location of the incident and therefore increased processing speed.
Effect Of Latitudinal, Daily And Solar Activity Variations On Vertical Ionization Velocity For Maximum Peak Height For F2 Layer
Authors: Hussein Ni’ma Ali
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to calculate the vertical ionization velocity of maximum peak height of F2 layer of the ionosphere. Also, this paper deals with the effects of the latitudinal, daily and the solar activity variations on Another goal is to construct a simplified correlations for  as a function of the latitude and month as a function of monthly mean with the monthly mean sunspot number MMSN shows an abnormal relation, also the hourly variation of  obeys the fact that the electron density have the minimum values at sunrise and sunset, and has a maximum value for January month
Energy Saving In A Split-Type Air Onditioner With Evaporative Cooling Systems
Authors: H. Hammadi Salman , Fadhil G Mohammed
Published: July 2024

The reduction in the power consumption is very important especially in areas with high temperatures such as Iraq, where the power consumption by the air conditioner is very high. The conventional split-type air conditioner widely used in small and medium size buildings, e.g. residences, offices, and schools. In this work the evaporative cooling unit is designed at the department of Mechanical Engineering of the College of Engineering University of Basrah.. The evaporative cooling unit is connected in front of the condenser to decrease the inlet temperature of the condenser. In addition, their performances depend on the heat transfer between condenser and the ambient airflow. The reduction in the inlet air temperature to the condenser of the air conditioning that leads to reduce the power consumption and enhancement of the coefficient of performance for the refrigeration cycle. The experimental results show: the average power saving is 23%.
Variation of Weld Profiles and Their Influence on Fatigue Strength
Authors: E. Radhi H. , Abdulhasan Lafta Hayder
Published: July 2024

The determination of fatigue life of mechanical parts such as welded joints during service which subjected to high stresses and cyclic loading is extremely important. In order to investigate life span of mechanical parts a finite element analysis is used. In this paper, an experimental investigation and numerical analysis is used to study the effect of geometrical parameters on fatigue life span. The experimental parts include monotonic tensile test and hardness test of welded joints of steel S355JR laser butt welded joint. A parametric finite element analysis is performed by using ANSYS 11 software to investigate the effect of plate thickness (h) and weld toe radius (r) in butt welded joint on fatigue life.  Different values of plate thickness and radius of weld toe have been investigated during this study; the results indicate that  increasing the plate thickness and radius of weld toe will improve the stress distribution in the joint and increase the fatigue life span of welded joint.
Enhancement of AVR Response Based on Intelligent Fuzzy-Swarm-PID Controller
Authors: Kareem Abdullah Ahmed , Hameed Kadhim Abdul Amir Karrar , Turki attyia Baqer
Published: July 2024

Automatic voltage regulator is used to fix the output signal by correcting the voltage of the exciter and track the generator’s voltage. The improvement of automatic voltage regulator (AVR) response will reflected on the power system performance. In this paper two intelligent techniques fuzzy logic (FL) and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used to enhance the response of the Fourth order AVR system based on the merging between them and then the control action summed and coupled with PID controller action. Fuzzy controller has many benefits in design of AVR compared with conventional controllers, but the response of the AVR system still insufficient, therefore, the PSO and Fuzzy are used together for this purpose to produce Fuzzy-Swarm-PID controller (FSPID). Usually the cognitive (C1) and social acceleration (C2) are taken as a constant values in PSO algorithm, but here the Fuzzy logic system is used to get these accelerations to enhance the response.
Erosion Corrosion behaviors of Various Metals at different variable
Authors: Mohsin Naji Mohaisen Abdul
Published: July 2024

Erosion corrosion process is considered one of the main problems to which too ls, machine parts and equipment are subjected and which operate in fluidized media. Solid particles strike them because of fluid motion at different speeds and varying time periods. Erosion corrosion system was made according to ASTM Specification. Circular test samples were made in diameter 15 mm and length of 50 mm from Al alloy 6061-T6 and Free Cut Brass 360 and polymer.  Erosion corrosion test was made using weight loss method in sea water and Tigris river water at 500, 400 and 300 rpm for 1, 2, 3, 4.5.6 hrs. From the results reached, it is found that with increase in time, the erosion corrosion rate increases for both mediums because of the effect of medium components such as chlorine and oxygen for a certain period. When the time period increases, it decreases because the oxygen dissolved in water is used up which is responsible for corrosion. Also a protective is formed from the remnants of corrosion process.      Moreover, it is found when speed increases, corrosion rate decreases due to speed prevent ion from summing at electrods.
DIVERSIDADE EM QUINTAIS PRODUTIVOS: UM ESTUDO FLORÍSTICO E FITOSSOCIOLÓGICO
Authors: Martins Sampaio Antonia Rosizelia , Brito Ramos Aretuza Bezerra
Published: July 2024

Os quintais produtivos são sistemas agroflorestais, localizados próximos às residências, com uma grande diversificação de espécies vegetais e com variados usos, por exemplo: alimentação, ornamentação, medicinal, condimentar. Portanto, estudos sobre a diversidade florística são de grande importância, por abordarem dados como a florística e a fitossociologia, permitindo o entendimento da estrutura das comunidades presentes nesses espaços e a identificação dessas espécies. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa objetivou analisar a pluralidade vegetacional e parâmetros fitossociológicos em quintais produtivos, através de um levantamento florístico em uma área urbana do Sertão Central Pernambucano. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na cidade de Salgueiro-PE, no Bairro Santo Antônio, tendo 60 quintais produtivos do referido bairro como foco de estudo. Visto isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo, com abordagem quanli-quantitativa. Com relação ao levantamento florístico, ocorreram visitas aos ambientes, onde o mantenedor do local informava o nome vernáculo das plantas e o seu uso. Ao final, foram feitos registros fotográficos dos espécimes para posterior identificação. Além disso, analisou-se os seguintes parâmetros fitossociológicos: Índice de Diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H’) e Equitabilidade de Shannon-Wiener (H’). Com isso, no levantamento florístico identificou-se 2.325 indivíduos, distribuídos em 156 espécies e 59 famílias botânicas. A família Araceae, apesar de possuir compostos tóxicos, sobressaiu-se com um número expressivo de indivíduos, tendo a espécie Dieffenbaia seguine (Jacq.) Schott. como destaque nos quintais. Quanto ao uso e origem dos espécimes, 73,72% são para fins ornamentais e 87,18% são de origem exótica. No levantamento fitossociológico, os índices demonstraram que os quintais apresentam alta diversidade vegetal e heterogeneidade de espécies, confirmando uma distribuição uniforme entre o número de indivíduos.
INFLUÊNCIA DAS CONDIÇÕES DE SOLO NAS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DO GIRASSOL(Helianthus annuus L.) PRODUZIDO NO CERRADO SUL MATOGROSSENSE
Authors: Schirmann Thiago Alves , Flávia Maria  , Mauro de Lima  , Grazieli Suszek
Published: July 2024

A cultura do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) é amplamente distribuída no país e no mundo, sendo de grande importância no sistema de rotação e sucessão de culturas, onde mesmo se tratando de uma cultura de verão, entra como uma importante produção em segunda safra, contando principalmente com suas características de alta tolerância a estresses climáticos. Seu grão apresenta características nutricionais para alimentação animal e humana, através de seus subprodutos, podendo se destacar a torta, farelo e óleo de girassol. Além de alimentação, o óleo de girassol foi amplamente difundido na produção de biodiesel, na intenção de substituir a utilização de combustíveis fósseis por óleos vegetais.  No entanto, a composição do óleo pode estar diretamente relacionada com as condições de solo em que a planta se encontra, e nesse caso, é a própria composição do óleo que dará um destino mais viável à industrialização do mesmo. O presente trabalho possui como objetivo analisar as potencialidades e características físico-químicas do óleo de Girassol produzido em Nova Andradina/MS, caracterizada por ser área de cerrado, com características não favoráveis ao desenvolvimento de algumas culturas. O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda Santa Bárbara onde fica localizado o campus do IFMS. Foram analisadas, as propriedades físico-químicas do solo, teor e rendimento de óleo e umidade dos grãos, além também da composição do óleo realizado através do método de Soxhlet e com um solvente extrator de hexano. De acordo com os resultados, a cultura apresentou boas características quando comparado com outros autores, mesmo quando em alguns casos, passou por estresses hídricos, em conjunto com alguns déficits nutricionais do solo, mostrando assim potencialidades de implantação desta cultura na região de Nova Andradina. O cultivo desta cultura na região traz a possibilidade de implantação de um sistema de rotação de cultura mais eficiente e sustentável, proporcionando a quebra do ciclo soja-milho feito constantemente em grande parte das áreas agrícolas da região.