bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-assisted green biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their photocatalytic application
Authors: Modwi Abualiz , Al-Ayed Abdullah S. , Mustafa Damra E. , Bagabas Abdulaziz A. , Elamin M. R. , Algethami Faisal K. , Arasheed Rasheed , Alfaifi Mohammed Q. , Alqarni Ali , Alotaibi Fayez , Taha Kamal K.
Published: March 2021

Employing plant extracts to obtain nanomaterials is an ecofriendly and highly appreciated synthetic approach. In this work a simple, green chemistry method, based on sol–gel, was used for ZnO nanoparticles synthesis by using two Sudanese medicinal plant extracts:Adanosia digitata(ZnO-A) andBalanites aegyptiaca(ZnO-B) under ultrasonic energy. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the formation of wurtzite hexagonal ZnO nanostructures, while the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis displayed their diverse morphologies. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data showed the impact of extract via the variation in of the O1s and Zn2p3/2and Zn2p1/2orbitals binding energy of Zn–O. The UV-visible investigation indicated a variation of bandgap energy (Eg), where the ZnO nanoparticles displayed the lowestEg. The synthesized nanomaterials have exhibited high photocatalytic efficiency towards the methylene blue (MB) dye. The findings revealed the possibility of obtaining nanoparticles with tailored properties by using plants extracts.
Caracterización geomorfológica e hidroclimatológica de la Reserva de la Biósfera Pantanos de Centla, México
Authors: Medrano Pérez Ojilve Ramón , Payano Almánzar Reynaldo , López-Jiménez Leonardo Noriel
Published: March 2021

En este artículo se muestra la caracterización geomorfológica e hidroclimatológica de la Reserva de la Biósfera Pantanos de Centla, Tabasco, México. Para ello, se generó una base de datos digital con las principales características de la reserva (hidrología, climatología, hidrogeología y otros aspectos clave). Los resultados muestran un sistema con poca capacidad de drenaje, influenciado por la tipología de las arcillas y una morfología alargada que refleja un largo tiempo de concentración. El desafío inmediato es la insuficiente infraestructura de datos espaciotemporales para comprender los procesos climatológicos y geológicos de esta área natural. Por tanto, esta contribución debe impactar la toma de decisiones dentro del espacio natural con base en la mejor información científica disponible.
The Sense of Responsibility for own Health and the Influence of the Disease on Daily Functioning Among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gąsowska Beata , Chorąży Monika , Snarska Katarzyna Krystyna , Dolińska Cecylia
Published: March 2021

Introduction. MS is characterized by a large variety of symptoms, which negatively affects the functioning and quality of life of patients.Aim. The purpose of the work is determination of the impact of Multiple Sclerosis on the daily functioning of patients and assessment of the sense of responsibility for one’s own health among patients with Multiple Sclerosis.Material and Methods. The study included 97 patients suffering from Multiple Sclerosis, treated at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital in Białystok. Study group consisted of 73 women and 24 men. The research has been conducted using the diagnostic survey method with following research tools: Activities of Daily Living scale; Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale; Multidimensional Health Locus of Control and a self-constructed questionnaire.Results. The average age of the respondents was 52 (±10.36) and was comparable for women and men — 52.33 (±10.97) years and 51.79 (±8.42) years, respectively. The duration of the disease was on average 8 years (±3.87). Among the respondents, from the beginning of the disease, on average 5.02 exacerbations of MS (±3.08) have been observed. The most significant problem for MS patients was sphincter control (45.36%), independent bath (34.02%) and use of the toilet (31.96%). According to Lawton’s scale, patients with MS had most difficulties going out for shopping and getting outside walking distance. With the duration of the disease, the internal location of health control decreased significantly.Conclusions. As a result of increasing restrictions on the independent functioning of patients with Multiple Sclerosis, the sense of control over their own health is located in external factors such as chance and the influence of others. (JNNN 2019;8(3):102–111)
Doskonalenie zawodowe pielęgniarek neurochirurgicznych. Doniesienia wstępne
Authors: Ślusarz Robert
Published: March 2021

Wstęp. Stała aktualizacja i poszerzanie zakresu wiedzy zawodowej jest obowiązkiem każdej pielęgniarki/położnej oraz podstawowym warunkiem prawidłowego wykonywania zawodu. Doskonalenie zawodowe pielęgniarek w dziedzinie neurologii i neurochirurgii obejmuje aktywność zawodową w ramach samokształcenia lub zorganizowanych formach i rodzajach kształcenie podyplomowego poprzez odbywanie szkolenia specjalizacyjnego, nabywanie umiejętności zawodowych z zakresu węższych dziedzin pielęgniarstwa lub udzielania określonych świadczeń zdrowotnych oraz doskonalenie w innych formach kształcenia. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują, że ścieżka kariery zawodowej dla neuropielęgniarek, jest nieuregulowana i różna w różnych krajach.Cel. Celem badań była analiza doskonalenia zawodowego pielęgniarek neurochirurgicznych.Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono na grupie 93 pielęgniarek zatrudnionych w sześciu ośrodkach neurochirurgicznych na terenie województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego. Za pomocą sondażu diagnostycznego, techniką ankietową z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza ankiety dokonano oceny doskonalenia zawodowego. Przeanalizowano zagadnienia dotyczące kształcenia przed i podyplomowego oraz doświadczenia zawodowego.Wyniki. Najbardziej popularną formą kształcenia podyplomowego jest kurs dokształcający oraz zjazd/konferencja/sympozjum. Większość osób stwierdziła, że ich szkolenia były finansowane przez pracodawcę lub środki własne/prywatne. Wykazano brak szkoleń specyficznych dla pielęgniarek neurochirurgicznych. Wśród trudności/problemów związanych z doskonaleniem zawodowym, najczęściej wskazywano na brak czasu na szkolenie oraz brak interesującej tematyki szkolenia. Większość badanych nie ma zdania dotyczącego tego czy kształcenie zawodowe powinno być oparte na przyznawaniu punktów edukacyjnych/kredytowych.Wnioski. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują na duże zróżnicowanie w obszarze kształcenia przed i podyplomowego. Wykazano także brak spójnej ścieżki kariery zawodowej dla neuropielęgniarek. (PNN 2019;8(3):119–123)
Newton’s Laws, G-forces and the Impact on the Brain
Authors: Evans Vicki
Published: March 2021

The thrill to go fast and push boundaries is something that many seek. From John Stapp’s rocket sled at Edwards Air Force Base in the late 1950’s to todays’ Formula 1 drivers, the “need for speed” is broadcast across TV screens weekly. So too are the horror stories of crashes, many at over 300 km/hr. Yet “need for speed” continues. It appears that the higher and faster the rollercoaster, the better. This leads to several questions. How does the brain stand up to speed and G-forces? Do Newton’s Laws still have reference in today’s world?There has been much attention in the general press on the possibility that high G-force roller-coasters are inducing brain injury in riders. However, research does not wholeheartedly support this notion, but rather the risk of brain injury from a rollercoaster is not in the rides, but in the rider — caused by previously undetected brain or neck conditions. That said there is some truth that high G-forces do affect the brain at a chemical and structural level.This paper will discuss the mechanism of head injury at speed and generally what Newton’s Law means in a neurological setting in todays’ world. Formula 1 racing and rollercoaster rides will be evaluated within a neuroscience context. (JNNN 2019;8(3):133–137)
Functional Assessment of Elderly Patients after Stroke
Authors: Biercewicz Monika
Published: March 2021

Introduction. A history of neurological disease often exerts a strong influence on the patient’s further life in four basic dimensions: functional, mental, social and spiritual.Aim. The aim of the study was to perform a functional assessment of an elderly patient after a stroke and to verify whether selected demographic and clinical factors have a significant impact on functional capacity.Material and Methods. The research was carried out in the Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, University Hospital no. 1 of A. Jurasz in Bydgoszcz on a group of 88 patients after stroke. Functional status was assessed using the Barthel Index — BI, depressive disorders were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale — GDS, and higher cognitive functions were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination — MMSE.Results. As a result of the statistical analysis, no statistically significant differences were found in the functional capacity of the patient in the individual measurements (first and second) of Friedman’s ANOVA (N = 88, df 1) = 0.32; p = 0.582, which means that the patients were classified into the same functional capacity groups, obtaining a similar result in repeated measurements. It was found that gender, age and the number of comorbidities had a statistically significant (p < 0.05) effect on the functional status of the subjects. There was no statistically significant influence of the place of residence (p > 0.05) and family situation (p > 0.05) on the functional status of the respondents. A statistically significant correlation was also found between depressive disorders (Spearman’s rank -0.438; p < 0.05) and disorders of higher cognitive functions (Spearman’s rank -0.548; p < 0.05) and functional capacity.Conclusions. In the majority of cases, elderly patients regain functional independence after a stroke. Men showed better functional fitness. Older age and more comorbidities worsen functional performance. It has also been found that the functional state is interdependent with cognitive and emotional disorders. (JNNN 2020;9(2):59–64)
Retrospective Analysis of Patients in the Aspect of the Prevalence of Alcohol Abuse Among Patients with Stroke Treated in the Department of Neurology
Authors: Żdanowicz Anna , Dziembowska Inga , Wiszniewska Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Alcohol is a drug that is harmful to many organs, especially the brain, and may contribute to worse recovery in stroke patients treated in a neurological ward. There are few works in the literature dealing with alcohol-related problems in patients with stroke.Aim. Assessment of the prevalence of alcohol abuse in stroke and its impact on the diagnostic and therapeutic process in groups of patients diagnosed with harmful alcohol consumption or alcohol dependence syndrome.Material and Methods. The material consisted of 2770 medical records of patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurology with the Stroke Treatment Sub-Department at the Specialist Hospital of Stanisław Staszic in Piła from January 1 to December 31, 2015, which were analysed in terms of alcohol abuse by patients. Patients with stroke (40 people) were analysed in detail. The results of laboratory tests, risk factors, gender and age of the patients were analysed. The following methods of scientific research were used in the study: analysis of medical records, statistical analysis of quantitative and qualitative data with the use of STATISTICA v. 13.3 computer program by StatSoft.Results. There were 40 patients with ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke who abused alcohol in total (29.85%). Among patients with stroke, 70% presented harmful drinking, 30% — alcohol dependence syndrome. More than two risk factors for stroke were reported more frequently in the group of patients with stroke who abused alcohol than in those with stroke but did not abuse alcohol (38.8% vs. 30.0%; p = 0.0561). In laboratory studies, stroke patients who abused alcohol compared to non-drinkers had a statistically significantly higher red blood cell (MCV) volume, higher levels of the liver enzymes ASPAT and ALAT; p < 0.05.Conclusions. The lack of real information on the amount of alcohol consumed by a patient can make the diagnostic and therapeutic process very difficult, and thus delay the full diagnosis and implementation of the appropriate therapy. The study should be extended to include a prospective assessment. In order to increase the detection of alcohol abuse in patients, an objective interview, psychological assessment focused on the problem would be necessary, and the use of questionnaires with short, simple but precise questions that would allow to quantify the alcohol problem in a patient. (JNNN 2020;9(4):145–151)
Pautas de terciarización do sector agrario galego: unha aproximación empírica
Authors: PEREIRA SÁNCHEZ Ángeles , VENCE DEZA Xavier
Published: March 2021

Neste traballo analízase a importancia do proceso de terciarización do sectoragrario galego e as súas características en relación co modelo agrario rexional. É unfenómeno que recibiu pouca atención na literatura e, porén, é unha realidade dunhaimportancia crecente para entender o desenvolvemento agrario e o desenvolvementorexional. A distribución das actividades de servizos dentro do territorio rexional e ocontido desas actividades é moi relevante para frear o abandono do espazo rural egarantir a cohesión dentro do territorio.O estudo baséase na análise dos datos estatísticos dispoñibles. En concreto, a visiónagregada apórtana os datos do Marco Input Output de Galicia e as Contas Económicas daAgricultura. Namentres, os datos do Censo Agrario e a Enquisa de Estrutura dasExplotacións Agrarias permiten unha análise dende o punto de vista microeconómico.Obsérvase unha crecente utilización de servizos por parte do sector agrario galegoalomenos durante a década de 1990 e unha ralentización nos anos máis recentes. Aanálise do contido dos servizos permite identificar unha notable importancia daexternalización de actividades e funcións propias do proceso produtivo agrario, así comoo dinamismo de certos servizos intensivos en coñecemento, chave en certas actividadesagrarias e no seu proceso de innovación.In this paper the importance of the tertiarisation of the Galician agricultural sectorand its main features in relation to the regional agricultural sector are analysed. It is aphenomenon that has received scarce attention in the literature, though it is a reality thatdeserves attention in order to favour the understanding of the agricultural and regionaldevelopment. The distribution of service activities in the regional territory and the content ofthese activities are very relevant to hinder the abandonment of the rural space and toguarantee the internal cohesion of the territory.The study is based on the analysis of the available statistical data. In particular, the aggregatedview comes from the Input-Output data and the Economic Accounts of Agriculture. Amicroanalysis of the phenomenon is carried out according to the Censo Agrario and theEncuesta de Estructura de las Explotaciones Agrarias. There is an increasing utilisation ofservices on behalf of the Galician agricultural sector along the 1990’s decade, later decreasingin more recent years. The analysis of the content of services allows to identify the importanceof outsourcing of specific tasks and functions of the agricultural productive process, as well asthe dynamism of certain knowledge-intensive business services, which are key for innovationprocesses in the agricultural sector.
Lack of association of the esophageal microbiome in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis compared with non-EoE controls
Authors: Johnson James , Dellon Evan , McCoy Amber N. , Sun Shan , Jensen Elizabeth T. , Fodor Anthony A. , Keku Temitope O.
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: Changes in the esophageal microbiome have been reported in children with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), but few data exist for adults. We aimed to determine whether the esophageal microbiome differs in adults with and without EoE.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study, adults undergoing outpatient endoscopy were enrolled as incident EoE cases or non-EoE controls. Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic data were collected. An esophageal biopsy was utilized for microbiome analysis. Bacterial DNA was extracted and the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Analyses were performed comparing microbiome features for cases and controls, and within cases for disease features, with correction for multiple hypothesis testing.

Results: A total of 24 incident EoE cases (mean age 40 years; 63% male; 100% white; 97 eos/hpf) and 25 controls (mean age 48, 36% male; 76% white; 1 eos/hpf) were analyzed. Principal coordinate analysis ordination failed to distinguish cases from controls. There were no microbiome differences within EoE cases based on clinical phenotype, presence of atopy, or endoscopic features. Use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), however, was significantly associated with 5 taxa including SR1 at the phylum level and Burkholderia at the genus level.

Conclusions: There were no significant differences in the esophageal microbiome between newly diagnosed EoE cases and non-EoE controls in adults, or within EoE cases based on clinical features. However, given the strong rationale for the esophageal microbiome in EoE pathogenesis, future studies should explicitly consider the presence of PPIs as a confounding feature.
Deep Learning Algorithm for the Confirmation of Mucosal Healing in Crohn’s Disease, Based on Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy Images
Authors: Udristoiu Anca Loredana , Stefanescu Daniela , Gruionu Gabriel , Gruionu Lucian Gheorghe , Iacob Andreea Valentina , Karstensen John Gasdal , Vilman Peter , Saftoiu Adrian
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: Mucosal healing (MH) is associated with a stable course of Crohn’s disease (CD) which can be assessed by confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE). To minimize the operator’s errors and automate assessment of CLE images, we used a deep learning (DL) model for image analysis. We hypothesized that DL combined with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short-term memory (LSTM) can distinguish between normal and inflamed colonic mucosa from CLE images.

Methods: The study included 54 patients, 32 with known active CD, and 22 control patients (18 CD patients with MH and four normal mucosa patients with no history of inflammatory bowel diseases). We designed and trained a deep convolutional neural network to detect active CD using 6,205 endomicroscopy images classified as active CD inflammation (3,672 images) and control mucosal healing or no inflammation (2,533 images). CLE imaging was performed on four colorectal areas and the terminal ileum. Gold standard was represented by the histopathological evaluation. The dataset was randomly split in two distinct training and testing datasets: 80% data from each patient were used for training and the remaining 20% for testing. The training dataset consists of 2,892 images with inflammation and 2,189 control images. The testing dataset consists of 780 images with inflammation and 344 control images of the colon. We used a CNN-LSTM model with four convolution layers and one LSTM layer for automatic detection of MH and CD diagnosis from CLE images. Results: CLE investigation reveals normal colonic mucosa with round crypts and inflamed mucosa with irregular crypts and tortuous and dilated blood vessels. Our method obtained a 95.3% test accuracy with a specificity of 92.78% and a sensitivity of 94.6%, with an area under each receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.98. Conclusions: Using machine learning algorithms on CLE images can successfully differentiate between inflammation and normal ileocolonic mucosa and can be used as a computer aided diagnosis for CD. Future clinical studies with a larger patient spectrum will validate our results and improve the CNN-SSTM model.
SPATIAL REGULARITIES OF CHANGE IN AVERAGE ANNUAL WATER FLOW OF RIVERs OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Lukianets O.I. , Obodovskyi O.G. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Grebin V.V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Pochaievets O.O. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Korniienko V.O. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv
Published: March 2021

One of the most important ways of broad territorial generalization of hydrological characteristics is isoline maps, which are used in the calculation of average annual, seasonal, maximum and minimum water runoff, sediment runoff, in assessing water resources or water balance of the studied areas and so on. The purpose of this study is to construct with the help of GIS analytical functions a map of isolines of the average annual water runoff of rivers of Ukraine and analysis of spatial patterns of its changes. For this purpose, a bank of average annual water discharge was established from the beginning of observations up to and including 2015, from 389 hydrological posts located in Ukraine and abroad (Belarus, the Russian Federation, Moldova, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania). The map created according to modern data is of great practical importance for various types of water management design: development of a strategy for the rational use and protection of water resources, planning and implementation of water management measures, optimal regulation of river flow, assessment of hydropower potential of rivers and so on.
Indonesia Local Industry Structure and Firms Productivity in Industrial Area
Authors: Rinayanti Rinayanti , Qibthiyyah Riatu Mariatul
Published: March 2021

Using three industry structure indices: specialization, diversification, and competition, we explore how local industry structure may affect firm productivity in the industrial estates. Based on unbalanced panel data of large and medium-sized industrial firms in Indonesia during 2010-2015, our study found that local industry structure influences firm productivity, measured as total factor productivity (TFP). The effect differs between firms outside the industrial estate and firms in the industrial estate. Specialization decreases the productivity of both firms in the industrial estate and outside. Diversification has a positive effect on increasing firm productivity in the industrial estate. As for firms outside the industrial estate, diversification has a negative effect, but the effect is less significant. Meanwhile, local industry competition has a positive and significant effect on firm productivity outside the industrial estate, but the effect is not significant for firms within the industrial estate. Empirically, firms in industrial estates may only benefit from a diversified local industry structure.JEL Classification: D24, L52, R10How to Cite:Rinayanti., & Qibthiyyah, R. M. (2021). Indonesia Local Industry Structure and Firms Productivity in Industrial Area. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 10(1), 93-112. doi: http://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v10i1.17197.
Monetary Policy and Nigeria's Trade Balance, 1980-2018
Authors: Sakanko Musa Abdullahi , Akims Kanang Amos
Published: March 2021

Several countries have integrated monetary easement into their foreign policy to faucet the gains from trade thereby, assuring that market forces determine monetary policy instruments such as interest rate and exchange rate. It is on this note and this paper empirically evaluate the effect of monetary policy on Nigeria's trade balance using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model on the time series data spanning from 1980 to 2018. The findings reveal that monetary policy tools of real interest and effective exchange rate have a long-run co-integration relationship and significant adverse effects on Nigeria's trade balance both in the short-run and long-run. Thus, the paper concludes that monetary policy is a veritable tool through which Nigeria can maintain a favorable trade balance. Therefore, policymakers should step on measures that will maintain low-interest rates to sustain a flexible exchange rate and remove all rigidities associated with the international payment system.JEL Classification: C22, E52, F13How to Cite:Sakanko, M. A., & Akims, K. A. (2021). Monetary Policy and Nigeria’s Trade Balance, 1980-2018. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 10(1), 129-138. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v10i1.18132.
Advanced supervised learning in multi-layer perceptrons to the recognition tasks based on correlation indicator
Authors: Vershkov Nikolay Anatolievich , Babenko Mikhail Grigoryevich , Kuchukov Viktor Andreevich , Kuchukova Natalia Nikolaevna
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the problem of recognition of handwritten digits using feedforward neural networks (perceptrons) using a correlation indicator. The proposed method is based on the mathematical model of the neural network as an oscillatory system similar to the information transmission system. The article uses theoretical developments of the authors to search for the global extremum of the error function in artificial neural networks. The handwritten digit image is considered as a one-dimensional input discrete signal representing a combination of "perfect digit writing" and noise, which describes the deviation of the input implementation from "perfect writing". The ideal observer criterion (Kotelnikov criterion), which is widely used in information transmission systems and describes the probability of correct recognition of the input signal, is used to form the loss function. In the article is carried out a comparative analysis of the convergence of learning and experimentally obtained sequences on the basis of the correlation indicator and widely used in the tasks of classification of the function CrossEntropyLoss with the use of the optimizer and without it. Based on the experiments carried out, it is concluded that the proposed correlation indicator has an advantage of 2-3 times.
Machine Learning based Activity learning for Behavioral Contexts in Internet of Things
Authors: Safyan Muhammad , Sarwar Sohail , Qayyum Zia Ul , Iqbal Muddessar , Li Shancang , Kashif Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Ontology based activity learning models play a vital role in diverse fields of Internet of Things (IoT) such as smart homes, smart hospitals or smart communities etc. The prevalent challenges with ontological models are their static nature and inability of self-evolution. The models cannot be completed at once and smart home inhabitants cannot be restricted to limit their activities. Also, inhabitants are not predictable in nature and may perform “Activities of Daily Life (ADL)” not listed in ontological model. This gives rise to the need of developing an integrated framework based on unified conceptual backbone (i.e. activity ontologies), addressing the lifecycle of activity recognition and producing behavioral models according to inhabitant’s routine. In this paper, an ontology evolution process has been proposed that learns particular activities from existing set of activities in daily life (ADL). It learns new activities that have not been identified by the recognition model, adds new properties with existing activities and learns inhabitant’s newest behavior of performing activities through Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The better degree of true positivity is evidence of activity recognition with detection of noisy sensor data. Effectiveness of proposed approach is evident from improved rate of activity learning, activity detection and ontology evolution.
Patterns Related to Microservice Architecture: a Multivocal Literature Review
Authors: Valdivi José Ali , Lora-Gonzalez Alonso , Limón Xavier , Cortes-Verdin Karen , Octavio Ocharán-Hernández Jorge
Published: March 2021

A Microservice Architecture enables the development of distributed systems using a set of highly cohesive, independent, and collaborative services, ready for current cloud computing demands. Each microservice can be implemented in different technologies, sharing common communication channels, which results in heterogeneous distributed systems that exhibit high scalability, maintainability, performance, and interoperability. Currently, there are many options to build microservices; some of them led by patterns that establish common structures to solve recurrent problems. Nevertheless, as microservices are an emerging trend, the relationship between quality attributes, metrics, and patterns is not clearly defined, which is a concern from a software engineering point of view, since such understanding is fundamental to correctly design systems using this architecture. This paper aims to extend the knowledge on the design of microservices-based systems by presenting a multivocal systematic literature review for microservices related patterns, tying them together with quality attributes and metrics, as can be found in academic and industry research.
Recent Trends in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) – A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ayesha Tariq , Azam Farooque , Anwar Muhammad Waseem , Zahoor Tayyba , Muzaffar Abdul Wahab
Published: March 2021

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is an emerging technology for the monitoring of aquatic assets and frequently applied in several domains like underwater information gathering, ocean sampling network, anonymous vehicles, disaster prevention and submarine detection. Recently, UWSNs have been getting significant attention of researchers from both academia and industry. As a result, several studies have been carried out to perform certain improvements in UWSNs techniques, tools, protocols and architectures. In this regard, there is a dire need to investigate and summarize the modern UWSNs trends altogether within a single study. To achieve this, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is performed in this article to comprehensively analyze the latest developments in UWSNs. Particularly, 34 research studies published during 2012-2020 have been selected and examined in the area of UWSNs. This leads to the identification of 21 modern routing protocols and 11 tools. Furthermore, 5 different architecture types and 3 communication media technologies are presented in the context of UWSNs. Finally, a comparative analysis of routing protocols is done on the basis of important evaluation metrics. It has been concluded that there exist adequate approaches, protocols and tools for the monitoring of UWSNs. However, the design verification capabilities of existing approaches are insufficient to meet the growing demands of UWSNs. The findings of this article provide solid platform to enhance the current UWSNs tools and techniques for large and complex networks.
Deaths: Leading Causes for 2018
Authors:   National Center for Health Statistics, Heron Melonie
Published: March 2021

This report presents final 2018 data on the 10 leading causes of death in the United States by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, along with leading causes of infant, neonatal, and postneonatal death.
Analysis of a Business Intelligence process based on Lean Office principles
Authors: Lizarelli Fabiane Letícia , Tonissi Luiza Franco , Toledo José Carlos
Published: March 2021

Purpose – Business Intelligence (BI) is the company's ability, through the use of technologies and methods, to transform data from external and internal environments into information to improve performance. Capture, management and transformation can be understood as processes and these can present problems and need for improvement. This article presents a case of applying Lean Office in a BI process in a service large company. The goal is to identify BI process-related waste and propose improvements through Lean Office tools and principles.Methodology – The research was developed through a case study. Three data collection instruments were used: participant observation, document analysis and documented interviews. The analyzes were conducted based on the data collected and tools identified in the literature were applied that helped in conducting the analysis of the information transformation process.Findings - The article presented two main results, the detailed presentation of BI activities that are little explored in the literature, especially in developing countries, and the contribution of Lean Office's philosophy and tools for improving the management of a BI process.Originality/value – It contributes to a better understanding and creation of a common vision about the BI process between researchers and practitioners, and with a case that exemplifies the potential of the Lean Office to identify waste, analyze causes and improve the performance of this process.Keywords - Business intelligence. Business analytics. Process improvement. Lean Office.
Parents’ knowledge and skills about the risks of the digital world
Authors: Tomczyk Łukasz , Potyrała Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

In this article we present the level of knowledge and literacy held by the parents of primary school students regarding internet safety (online safety, digital safety) in the context of digital literacy (DL) in terms of both technical skills and knowledge. The study reported on here was conducted in Poland, and was commissioned by the Ministry of National Education. The research involved measuring the knowledge and skills regarding the prevention of electronic threats (e-threats) which are defined as problematic situations and behaviour mediated by digital media and the internet. E-threats are related to mental and physical health, social aspects and technical matters related to the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). In order to narrow down the research area, 6 components related to e-threats were selected, namely: the ergonomics of using digital media; the evaluation of the reliability of online information; the influence of advertising on consumers’ choices; risky online relationships; understanding the mechanisms of secure logging-in; and protection against malware. The DL level was measured using a competence test. An analysis of 514 tests revealed that the most neglected areas were the protection of children against unwanted communication with other users, and secure logging-in. The strongest component was the ergonomics of using ICT. We also noted that more than one fifth of parents showed a satisfactory level of DL related to online safety. Another observation was that DL is a complex and heterogeneous concept. The DL components are related with one another to different extents. Some DL elements are determined by the level of education, place of living, subjective sense of own well-being or intuitive perception (self-evaluation).
Properties of concrete with high volumes of unprocessed coarser fly ash and nanosilica
Authors: Varghese Lincy , Kanta Rao Velidandi Venkata Lakshmy , Parameswaran Lakshmy
Published: March 2021

The limitation of fly ash as a cement substitute in concrete is often low due to its slow rate of strength development. The use of unprocessed coarser siliceous fly ash is also negligible. An attempt was made to produce a structural-grade concrete using a high volume of unprocessed coarser fly ash and colloidal nanosilica that was curable at ambient conditions. The fly ash content in the trial mixes varied from 50 to 70%. The temperature of fresh mixes during early age indicated that adding nanosilica accelerated the rate of hydration. Also, substantial improvements in early- and later-age compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths; modulus of elasticity; and stress–strain characteristics were observed for mixes with nanosilica. The compressive strength test results were corroborated with the inferences made from scanning electron microscopy and differential thermogravimetric analysis of the hardened cementitious pastes. The material cost of the mixes with nanosilica was found to be in a range similar to that of an ordinary Portland cement concrete, and the carbon dioxide equivalent emission of such concretes was 45–65% lower. It was concluded that with the addition of 3% colloidal nanosilica, it is possible to prepare a structural-grade concrete using unprocessed coarser siliceous fly ash that is curable at ambient conditions and has significantly improved early-age strength and also high later-age strength, while at the same time achieving sustainability and favourable cost benefits.
NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF STRENGTH AND SHEAR RESISTANCE OF NON-RIGID ROAD PAVEMENT BY THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Yanov D.V. , Zelepugin S.A. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation);  Tomsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: March 2021

The paper presents 2D mathematical simulation results for a T–90 tank interacting with the III-type road in a plane-strain formulation. The purpose of the work is to determine the vertical deflection of an asphalt-concrete road, as well as the load factor of the two-layer road pavement (dense-graded asphalt concrete, open-graded asphalt concrete) and two-layer roadbed (gravel roadbed, ground roadbed – silt sandy loam). To calculate the load factor of the road pavement, the ratio of the von Mises stress to the ultimate compression stress is used. To analyze the shear resistance of the roadbed, the modified Drucker-Prager strength criterion is utilized. The computed results reveal the maximum vertical deflection in the contact area of the tracks. In the same area, the load factor of the road pavement is 3–12, which indicates the high bearing capacity of the dense-graded asphalt concrete. Analysis of the shear resistance of the roadbed shows that irreversible deformations occur in the gravel base in the contact area of the tracks, which can lead to the subsidence of the coating, while the load factor for sandy loam is 3–10.
CONGRUENCES OF THE FIBONACCI NUMBERS MODULO A PRIME
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Zyuz'kov V.M. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: March 2021

Congruences of the form F(expr1) ≡ εF(expr2) (mod p) by prime modulo p are proved, whenever expr1 is a polynomial with respect to p. The value of ε equals 1 or –1 and expr2 does not contain p. An example of such a theorem is as follows: given a polynomial A(p) with integer coefficients ak, ak–1, …, a2, a1, a0 and with respect to p of form 5t ± 2; then, F(A(p)) ≡ F(ak + ak–1 + … + a2 + a1 + a0) (mod p). In particular, we consider the case when the coefficients of the polynomial expr1 form the Pisano period modulo p. To search for existing сongruences, experiments were performed in the Wolfram Mathematica system.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF CONTINUUM EQUILIBRIUM FOR A PLANE STRAIN IN CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES AT BILINEAR APPROXIMATION OF CLOSING EQUATIONS
Authors:   Penza State University of Architecture and Construction (Penza, Russian Federation), Bakushev S.V.
Published: March 2021

Problems of the formulation of differential equations of equilibrium in terms of displacements for a plane strain of continuous media at bilinear approximation of closing equations are considered leaving out of account geometric nonlinearity in the cylindrical coordinate system. Based on the assumption that the curves of volumetric and shear strain are independent from each other, six main cases of physical dependencies are considered, which are the functions of the relative position of break points on the bilinear curves of the volumetric and shear strain. Obtaining of bilinear physical dependencies is based on the calculation of secant moduli of the volumetric and shear strain. On the first line of the curves, secant moduli are constant for both volumetric and shear strain, while on the second line, the secant modulus of the volumetric strain is a function of the volumetric strain, and the secant modulus of the shear strain is a function of the shear strain intensity. Putting the corresponding bilinear physical equations into differential equations of continuum equilibrium, which disregard geometrical nonlinearity, the resulting differential equations of equilibrium are obtained in terms of displacements for a one-dimensional plane strain of continuum in the cylindrical coordinate system. These equations can be used when determining stress-strain state of continuous media under one-dimensional plane strains with no regard for geometrical nonlinearity, and whose physical relations are approximated by bilinear functions.
A CHANGE OF TREATIES IN INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE
Authors: Ilinskaya O. I.
Published: March 2021

Any international treaty provides balanced obligations for its parties. Modification of some fundamental circumstances, existing by the moment of conclusion of a treaty, leads to necessity of its adaptation to new conditions. In this regard, the author was concentrated on the investigation of the current problem of modification of international treaties. The author focuses on different international treaties for the purpose of identification general and specific ways of modification of treaties, which have been formed by international practice. The article deals with the treaty practice of states on modification of treaties. Particular attention is paid to the norms of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969. The author uses different methods of scientific research: systematic, structural, historical, comparative analysis. As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion concerning the most typical ways of modification of treaties. Despite widespread treaty practice of inclusion of special measures of modification of treaties, there are some other ways of modification of treaties. For example, a treaty can be revised by subsequent practice of states or periodic conferences of its participants.
PRINCIPLE OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN MODERN INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW
Authors: POPOVA O. A.
Published: March 2021

The article considers the principle of international cooperation within the framework ofmodern international space law. The author comes to the conclusion that the principle is a principle of general international law, but it has some features in international space law due to the specifi c of this branch. Such features include the implementation of international cooperation in accordance with international law, including the Charter of the United Nations and the Outer Space Treaty; for the bene fi t and in the interests of all countries taking into special consideration the needs of the developing countries (In particular, obligation of the States to consider on a basis of equality any requests by other States Parties to the Outer Space Treaty to be aff orded an opportunity to observe the fl ight of space objects launched by those States and to inform the international community of their activities in outer space); on an equitable and mutually acceptable basis, using the most eff ective and appropriate modes of cooperation; in the fi eld of the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes. The broad participation of the private sector in international space cooperation is also an important feature.
THE NUREMBERG VERDICT: HISTORY LESSONS FOR THE FUTURE
Authors: BATYR V. A.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the significance of the organization and holding of the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal for the trial of war criminals in 1945-1946 from the point of view of modern international law. (hereinafter — MW) as a unique experience of successful international cooperation, it is highly in demand nowadays; based on the analysis of the Sentence MW formulated a number of lessons for modern national and international justice; made the judgment that the contractual sources (Berlin Declaration, the London Agreement and Charter of the IMT) has had an enormous influence on the subsequent development of international contractual practice; noted that MW took all that was best in socialist (USSR), in fact, continental (France) and the Anglo-Saxon (US and UK) legal systems, have managed to overcome "the system" and national barriers and to find mutually acceptable solutions; it was concluded that since the implementation of international justice aimed at replacing the national justice condition the exercise of international jurisdiction is the loss (In varying degrees) by a state of its sovereignty; the author’s expressed judgment that the effectiveness of national legal and judicial systems based on the Nuremberg jurisprudence, is opposed to international justice, however, the assignment of the functions of international justice in national judicial systems is no less disturbing; In the context of the refusal of the Russian Federation to participate in the ICC, the importance of concluding bilateral agreements with the states parties to the ICC on the exclusion of Russian citizens from the jurisdiction of the ICC in compliance with the principles of the inevitability of punishment, reciprocity and selectivity, as well as the establishment of prohibitions on both cooperation of state authorities with the ICC and the participation of Russian peacekeepers in operations in countries that are under the jurisdiction of this court is emphasized. The MW has set the guidelines that form the fundamental values of modern civilization.
LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF FORMING EXPENDITURE OBLIGATIONS OF THE BUDGETS OF THE BUDGET SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: ZABRALOVA О. S.
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the current budget legislation, as well as legal positions developed by both the doctrine and law enforcement practice, in order to identify the principles of construction of expenditure obligations. Industry-wide spending principles as well as specific principles are identified. The presented systematic approach in the study allowed us to summarize that the regulatory and legal consolidation of the principles under consideration in specialized legislative acts will allow us to effectively and efficiently plan and implement the mechanism of financial and legal regulation
DIGITALIZATION — A FACTOR OF TRANSFORMATION OF STATE SOVEREIGNTY AS AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL CATEGORY IN UN DOCUMENTS AND A VALUE IN THE CONSTITUTIONS OF THE CIS MEMBER STATES
Authors: BURLA V.
Published: March 2021

This article deals with the influence of globalization, information and communication technologies on the scientific understanding of sovereignty as an international legal category and constitutional value. The category "sovereignty" in its axiological dimension acts as a basic element of the national system of constitutional values. In the international legal context, the principle of respect for the sovereignty of the state is a system-forming one. It is noted that due to the dualistic value nature, sovereignty is subject to protection by both national constitutional legislation and international law. The author analyzes UN documents and the constitutions of the CIS member States and suggests ways to optimize the legal protection of state sovereignty in the digital environment.