bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A narrative review of factors affecting memory confidence in the context of compulsive checking: A search for evidence‐based potential therapeutic targets to improve memory confidence
Authors: Abbasi Jondani Javad , Yazdkhasti Fariba
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives

According to current models of compulsive checking, memory confidence greatly contributes to the development and maintenance of checking behaviours. However, how to intervene in memory confidence in an evidence‐based manner has not yet been fully understood. Thus, the purpose of the current paper was to identify the factors influencing memory confidence through the review of experimental evidence.

Methods

PubMed, Google Scholar, OpenGrey and ProQuest databases were searched by combining two sets of keywords related to memory confidence and checking. Our search yielded 24 experiments. Due to the considerable heterogeneity of the studies regarding questionnaires, tasks and paradigms used, data were synthesized using a narrative review approach.

Results

Six factors emerged from a thorough review of the literature, including negative memory belief, higher memory standard, inflated sense of responsibility, familiarization with the checked stimuli, number of checks and anxious valence of the checked stimuli.

Conclusion

The findings have important implications for the treatment of compulsive checking. We suggested general guidelines to translate these factors into a novel intervention to increase memory confidence in compulsive checkers.
A critical review of management of allogeneic transplant‐eligible adults with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Shanmuganathan Naranie , Grigg Andrew
Published: September 2024

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in 20%–30% of adult patients contains the Philadelphia (Ph+) chromosome. Historically, Ph+ ALL denoted a markedly inferior outcome and long‐term survival in the absence of an allograft was uncommon. However, the advent of targeted therapy directed against the BCR::ABL1 fusion protein with various tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has markedly improved the prognosis, resulting in a number of treatment controversies in allograft‐eligible patients. Which is the best TKI to use in induction? What is the clinical relevance of the subdivision of Ph+ ALL into multilineage vs lymphoid types? Do all patients in first morphological complete remission (CR1) after induction and consolidation with chemotherapy/TKI require an allograft? If not, what risk factors predict a poor outcome without an allograft? Can chemotherapy‐free approaches, such as blinatumomab in conjunction with more potent TKIs, obviate the need for an allograft in high‐risk patients? What is the best strategy to deal with persistent or emerging minimal residual disease both pre‐ and post‐transplant? Is maintenance TKI indicated in all patients post allograft? Can salvage therapy and a subsequent allograft cure patients who relapse after not being transplanted in CR1? This manuscript reviews the latest data influencing contemporary management and discusses these controversies.
Does common institutional ownership mitigate hold‐up problems along the supply chain?
Authors: Deng Yongning , Li Jing , Peng Qilin , Yao Wentao
Published: September 2024

We show that common institutional ownership (CIO) along the supply chain mitigates hold‐up problems faced by supplier–customer relationships resulting from incomplete contracts. Suppliers make more relationship‐specific investments (RSIs) measured by R&D and patent filings toward their customers that share common institutional investors. Such effect is stronger as the CIO network between a supplier and customer pair becomes wider and deeper. We establish causality by exploiting exogenous shocks to CIO using a broad sample of mergers between financial institutions and further find the CIO effects on suppliers’ innovation specificity are stronger for those who ex ante face severer hold‐up concerns. Lastly, we provide evidence that CIO involvement increases the combined valuations of supply chain pairs (mainly for customers). Our work sheds light on the hold‐up mitigation effect of CIO on firms’ decision to make RSIs along the supply chain.
The big global issues: Applied linguists and transdisciplinarity beyond SLA
Authors: Ryan Jonathon
Published: September 2024

In an age of persistent existential crises, governments and wider society are demanding from academia tangible contributions toward tackling the “big” contemporary issues, including climate change, demographic collapse, social instability, and the risks of escalating global conflict. Since all such problems involve a linguistic dimension, applied linguists are increasingly repurposing their research skills to achieve impact in such domains, far beyond the traditional scope of their core discipline. This paper discusses doing so within the distinctive framework of the Zurich approach to transdisciplinarity. Core features of the Zurich approach are sketched, and a case is made for applied linguists working alongside scientists, engineers, lawyers, and others in transdisciplinary teams focused on wicked problems.
Considerations for the design and conduct of pediatric obesity pharmacotherapy clinical trials: Proceedings of expert roundtable meetings
Authors: Kelly Aaron S. , Bahlke Melanie , Baker Jennifer L. , de Beaufort Carine , Belin Ruth M. , Fonseca Helena , Hale Paula M. , Holm Jens‐Christian , Hsia Daniel S. , Jastreboff Ania M. , Juliusson Petur B. , Murphy Madhumita , Pak Jonathan , Paul Elizabeth , Rudolph Bryan , Srivastava Gitanjali , Tornøe Christoffer W. , Weghuber Daniel , Fox Claudia K.
Published: September 2024

Anti‐obesity medications (AOMs) have emerged as one element of comprehensive obesity clinical care intended to improve long‐term health outcomes for children and adolescents. The number of pediatric AOM clinical trials has burgeoned in recent years as new pharmacotherapeutics have been developed. Factors related to growth and development in children and adolescents can present unique challenges in terms of designing and conducting clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of AOMs. These barriers can delay the AOM development and evaluation process, increase the cost of performing trials, create challenges in the interpretation of results, influence the generalizability of the findings and present ethical dilemmas. In an effort to address these issues and provide guidance to streamline the process of designing and conducting pediatric AOM clinical trials, relevant key stakeholders convened a series of roundtable meetings to discuss, debate and achieve harmonization on design features. Stakeholder participants included a multidisciplinary group of international pediatric obesity experts, patient (parent) representatives and representatives from academic medicine, key regulatory agencies and industry. Topics of discussion included primary efficacy end‐points, secondary end‐points, eligibility criteria, trial run‐in and follow‐up phases, use of active comparators and guidelines for down‐titration and/or stopping rules for excessive weight reduction. Consensus recommendations were agreed upon. Regarding end‐points, emphasis was placed on moving away from BMI z‐score as a primary outcome, incorporating multiple alternative BMI‐related outcomes and measuring adiposity/body fat as a prominent secondary end‐point. Trial eligibility criteria were carefully considered to maximize generalizability while maintaining safety. The limited value of trial run‐in phases was discussed. It was also underscored that designing trials with extended follow‐up periods after AOM withdrawal should be avoided owing to ethical issues (including possible psychological harm) related to weight regain without providing the opportunity to access other treatments. The panel emphasized the value of the randomized, placebo‐controlled trial but recommended the thoughtful consideration of the use of active comparators in addition to, or instead of, placebo to achieve clinical equipoise when appropriate. Finally, the panel recommended that clinical trial protocols should include clear guidance regarding AOM down‐titration to avoid excessive weight reduction when applicable.
Influence of variance component estimates on genomic predictions for growth and reproductive‐related traits in Nellore cattle
Authors: Cardona‐Cifuentes Daniel , Neira Juan Diego Rodriguez , Albuquerque Lucia G. , Espigolan Rafael , Gonzalez‐Herrera Luis Gabriel , Amorim Sabrina Thaise , López‐Correa Rodrigo D. , Aguilar Ignacio , Baldi Fernando
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to estimate variance components (VCs) for growth and reproductive traits in Nellore cattle using two relationship matrices (pedigree relationship A matrix and pedigree plus genomic relationship H matrix), and records collected before and after genomic selection (GS) implementation. The study also evaluated how genomic breeding values (GEBV) are affected by variance components and discarding old records. The analysed traits were weight at 120 days (W120), weight and scrotal circumference at 450 days (W450 and SC450, respectively). Three datasets were used to estimate VCs, including all phenotypic information (All) or records for animals born before or after GS implementation (Before or After datasets, respectively). Both relationship matrices were considered for VC estimation, the A matrix was used in all three datasets and VC from each combination were named as A_Before, A_After, and A_All). The H was used in two datasets: H_All and H_After. Different VCs were used for GEBV prediction through ssGBLUP. This step used two possible Datasets, using all available phenotypic data (Dataset 1) or just records collected since GS implementation (Dataset 2). Validation was conducted using accuracy, bias and dispersion according to the LR method and prediction accuracy from corrected phenotypes. The heritability of all traits increased from A_Before to A_After, while estimates for A_All were intermediary. In the previous order, the estimates were 0.16, 0.17, and 0.15 for W120; 0.31, 0.39, and 0.35 for W450; 0.35, 0.47, and 0.41 for SC. For W450 and SC, using the H matrix reduced the heritability (0.33 and 0.32 for W450; 0.41 and 0.38 for SC for H_After and H_All, respectively). For W120, Dataset1 and VCs from A_After showed the highest accuracy for direct and maternal GEBV (0.953 and 0.868). For W450, Dataset 1 and VC from H_After allowed the highest accuracy (0.854) but use Dataset 2 and same VC source yield similar value (0.846). For SC, Dataset 2 with VC from H_After showed the highest accuracy (0.925). To use Dataset 2 does not cause important changes in bias or dispersion with respect to Dataset 1. The VC and genetic parameters changed for W120, W450, and SC450, using records before or after the GS implementation. For W450 and SC450, genetic variance and heritability estimates increased with the use of GS. For W120, genomic predictions were more accurate using A for VC estimation. Accuracy gains were observed for W450 and SC450 using H in VC estimation and/or discarding records before GS. It is possible to discard phenotypic records before GS implementation without generating bias or dispersion in the GEBV of young candidates.
Evaluation of a casein glycomacropeptide‐based protein substitute, in the dietary management of NTBC‐induced tyrosinaemia in patients with alkaptonuria: A prospective open‐label study
Authors: Judd Shirley , Hutton Ali , Thomas Grace , Hill Heather
Published: September 2024

Background

2‐(2‐Nitro‐4‐trifluoromethylbenzoyl)‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione (NTBC) treatment of alkaptonuria (AKU) leads to increased blood tyrosine levels, causing skin issues and potentially sight‐threatening corneal keratopathy. Adherence to dietary management of NTBC‐induced tyrosinemia, a low‐protein diet with or without protein substitutes, can be difficult for patients. This 28‐day interventional study evaluated a low tyrosine casein glycomacropeptide (cGMP) protein substitute (TYR sphere)®, a 20 g protein equivalent, cGMP‐based protein substitute, in terms of adherence, palatability, usability, comparison to amino acid (AA)–based protein substitutes, gastrointestinal tolerance and metabolic control in adults with NTBC‐induced tyrosinaemia.

Methods

Four adults (mean 61.1 years, range 53.3–69.3 years) with AKU and NTBC‐induced tyrosinaemia were recruited from the United Kingdom National Alkaptonuria Centre (NAC). The cGMP protein substitute was prescribed based on individual nutritional requirements, replacing ≥1 AA‐based protein substitute. Participants recorded product‐related data in study diaries, using five‐point Likert scales and daily and weekly logs. To determine metabolic control, prestudy blood tyrosine levels were compared to weekly blood spot tests during the study.

Results

Median cGMP protein substitute adherence was 98%. Most participants rated palatability and usability positively, and preferred cGMP protein substitute to AA‐based products. There were no notable gastrointestinal changes, and metabolic control was maintained.

Conclusions

cGMP protein substitute is a palatable and well‐tolerated option in the dietary management of AKU patients with NTBC‐induced tyrosinaemia.
Troxerutin Delays Skin Keratinocyte Senescence Induced by Ionizing Radiation Both In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Chen Juping , Yang Jinghui , Ma Jiang , Sun Xiaoming , Wang Yuxuan , Luan Changjiao , Chen Jiaxiao , Liu Weili , Shan Qing , Ma Xingjie
Published: September 2024

Backgrounds

With the increasing demand for beauty and a healthy lifespan, studies regarding anti‐skin aging have drawn much more attention than ever before. Skin cellular senescence, the primary cause of skin aging, is characterized by a cell cycle arrest in proliferating cells along with a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can be triggered by various internal or external stimuli.

Aims

Recent studies have made significant progress in the fields of anti‐senescence and anti‐aging. However, little is known about the roles and functions of natural compounds, particularly flavonoids, in skin cellular senescence studies.

Methods

In this study, using strategies including ionizing radiation (IR), senescence‐associated β galactosidase assay (SA‐β‐Gal), immunofluorescence (IF), flow cytometry, PCR array, as well as in vivo experiments, we investigated the effects and roles of troxerutin (Trx), a natural flavonoid, in skin keratinocyte senescence.

Results

We found that Trx delays skin keratinocyte senescence induced by IR. Mechanistically, Trx protects the skin keratinocyte cells from senescence by alleviating reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage caused by IR. In addition, Trx was also proved to relieve skin senescence and SASP secretion in vivo induced by IR stimulation.

Conclusions

Altogether, our findings pointed to a new function of Trx in delaying stress‐induced skin keratinocyte senescence, and should thus provide theoretical foundations for exploring novel strategies against skin aging.
Host preference explains the high endemism of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a dipterocarp rainforest
Authors: Sato Hirotoshi , Lain Ajuwin , Mizuno Takafumi , Yamashita Satoshi , Hassan Jamilah Binti , Othman Khairunnisa Binti , Itioka Takao
Published: September 2024

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are important tree symbionts within forests. The biogeography of ECM fungi remains to be investigated because it is challenging to observe and identify species. Because most ECM plant taxa have a Holarctic distribution, it is difficult to evaluate the extent to which host preference restricts the global distribution of ECM fungi. To address this issue, we aimed to assess whether host preference enhances the endemism of ECM fungi that inhabit dipterocarp rainforests. Highly similar sequences of 175 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for ECM fungi that were obtained from Lambir Hill's National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia, were searched for in a nucleotide sequence database. Using a two‐step binomial model, the probability of presence for the query OTUs and the registration rate of barcode sequences in each country were simultaneously estimated. The results revealed that the probability of presence in the respective countries increased with increasing species richness of Dipterocarpaceae and decreasing geographical distance from the study site (i.e. Lambir). Furthermore, most of the ECM fungi were shown to be endemic to Malaysia and neighbouring countries. These findings suggest that not only dispersal limitation but also host preference are responsible for the high endemism of ECM fungi in dipterocarp rainforests. Moreover, host preference likely determines the areas where ECM fungi potentially expand and dispersal limitation creates distance–decay patterns within suitable habitats. Although host preference has received less attention than dispersal limitation, our findings support that host preference has a profound influence on the global distribution of ECM fungi.
Nephrotic syndrome in a child with neurofibromatosis type 1: A case report and literature review
Authors: Cheng Bingjie , Yang Huihui , Huang Lin , Liao Panli , Peng Fei , Wang Xiaowen
Published: September 2024

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that caused by NF1 mutations. NF1 gene encodes neurofibromin (a GTPase‐activating protein) and plays a regulatory role in many signalling pathway such as the Ras/MAPK pathway, which is important for regulating cell growth, proliferation and neural development. Therefore, NF1 gene mutations causes the excessive activation of signalling pathways and uncontrolled cell growth. NF1 exhibits complete genetic penetrance and clinical heterogeneity. Glomerular disease has rarely been reported in patients with NF1, especially in children. Currently, the relationship between NF1 and nephrotic syndrome is unclear. Here, we present a case of NF1 with nephrotic syndrome and further explore the association between NF1 and glomerular diseases. It also reminds clinicians that NF1 has complex and highly variable clinical manifestations and that a comprehensive workup is essential for patients.
Lipids and adipocytes involvement in tumor progression with a focus on obesity and diet
Authors: Calabrese Chiara , Miserocchi Giacomo , De Vita Alessandro , Spadazzi Chiara , Cocchi Claudia , Vanni Silvia , Gabellone Sofia , Martinelli Giovanni , Ranallo Nicoletta , Bongiovanni Alberto , Liverani Chiara
Published: September 2024

The adipose tissue is a complex organ that can play endocrine, metabolic, and immune regulatory roles in cancer. In particular, adipocytes provide metabolic substrates for cancer cell proliferation and produce signaling molecules that can stimulate cell adhesion, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Cancer cells, in turn, can reprogram adipocytes towards a more inflammatory state, resulting in a vicious cycle that fuels tumor growth and evolution. These mechanisms are enhanced in obesity, which is associated with the risk of developing certain tumors. Diet, an exogenous source of lipids with pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory functions, has also been connected to cancer risk. This review analyzes how adipocytes and lipids are involved in tumor development and progression, focusing on the relationship between obesity and cancer. In addition, we discuss how diets with varying lipid intakes can affect the disease outcomes. Finally, we introduce novel metabolism‐targeted treatments and adipocyte‐based therapies in oncology.
Balancing policy objectives: Cambodia's COVID‐19 emergency cash assistance scheme for workers
Authors: Im Soksamphoas , Ford Michele
Published: September 2024

Welfare programs in emerging economies are, in most cases, highly selective. This article illustrates this point by exploring Cambodia's emergency cash assistance scheme coverage for workers affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Drawing on policy analysis and interviews with government officials, industry representatives, and garment and tourism unions, it analyzes the level of benefit and efficacy of the initiative for different groups of workers. Based on this analysis, we find that garment factory and tourism workers received better support than workers in other sectors as a consequence of industry lobbying and strategic decision‐making on the part of the government designed to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on those sectors. Our analysis also reveals, however, that the relatively informal nature of even formal‐sector workplaces in Cambodia meant that the scheme's impact was highly varied even among these targeted groups of workers. We conclude with a discussion of the findings' broader implications.

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Visual Analysis and the Contentious Politics of the Radical Right
Authors: Caiani Manuela
Published: September 2024

Although images are very important for political actors and social movements, including the radical right (RR), empirical studies still rarely integrate visual material as relevant data for understanding radical right politics. This article outlines this new and growing field of research (i.e., visuality and the RR), critically reviewing existing studies from the perspective of both visual studies of social movements and contentious politics, which are rarely applied to the RR, and the methodology of working with images, offering empirical case studies (European and beyond) to illustrate the argument. The findings reveal the main functions of the use of visuals for the radical right, as well as the benefits (but also the challenges) of studying radical right politics through the lens of visual analysis. A conceptual framework is proposed to capture this dominant visual politics of the radical right. As shown, two dimensions emerge as the most theoretically relevant for the radical right: The discursive meaning of images (the story itself, telling the story, eliciting the story) and the communicative function of images (visual expression by the movement or others, visibility), which combine agency and addressee.
Critical Challenges to the Sociology of Work: From a Perspective of Russian Labor Studies
Authors: Popov Andrei , Baimurzina Guzel
Published: September 2024

Global changes currently roiling the contemporary world of work present a significant challenge for the sociology of work. The lifestyles of many people are becoming more dynamic and uncertain. As work itself starts to lose its familiar outlines, the employment paradigm that formed during the industrial period seems increasingly inapplicable. Such transformations give rise to criticism of existing concepts and the emergence of new discourses that simultaneously expand and complicate an understanding of the prospects for further development. In this article, we attempt to uncover problems that limit the possibility of generalizing scientific understanding in the field of sociology of work. Particular attention is paid to the integration of Russian experience into the global agenda. The review highlights the importance of clarifying the blurred conceptual framework of the sociology of work, enhancing the distinction between work and life, and identifying the possibilities and limitations of using big data for empirical analysis. In conclusion, we emphasize the need to counter the fragmentation of the sociology of work and its “dissolution” into other areas of knowledge by providing a strong theoretical background while maintaining the comparability of measurements. Addressing these gaps is essential for a more accurate reflection of modern labor relations.
REACH: Research as regeneration
Authors: Deger Jennifer , Coffey Victoria Baskin
Published: September 2024

The galvanising aim in curating ‘Epistemic attunements’ has been to reach beyond the infrastructural imaginaries of the corporate publishing regimes that so brutally standardise the form, production, and distribution of research. Yet rather than being wholly enamoured with the pursuit of new publics, or with the kind of reach and influence that our bespoke digital platform affords, we take the idea of ‘reach’ in a different direction. In short, what we propose here is that reaching beyond anthropology offers a way to return the discipline to its core commitments. REACH explores what happens when anthropology and its interlocutors come together to cultivate shared grounds of epistemic care and concerns. It asks, what happens when multiple histories show up in the process? It proposes that therein lies the grounds for a regenerative anthropology.
Luŋ'thun: Sand, saltwater, and collaborative attunements
Authors: Gurrumuruwuy Paul , Deger Jennifer , Guruŋulmiwuy Enid , Coffey Victoria Baskin , Balanydjarrk Meredith , Balpatji Warren
Published: September 2024

This audio‐visual essay works with the epistemic imperatives of our research subject—the sands and saltwater of a small stretch of coastline in northern Australia. Orchestrating a series of sounds and images together with a gentle rhythm of text‐based Yolŋu (human/Indigenous) elaboration, we seek to enable others to attune to a material dynamics of collaboration and co‐creation made manifestly palpable in the kinetic zones of coastal life. Rather than either simply telling, or showing, we invite our ‘readers’ to enter into a slow process of attuning to the forms of sensuous instruction offered directly from the wäŋa (land, environment, Country). In this way we orientate towards research as a shared and emergent processes of becoming knowledgeable with more‐than‐human worlds. The result is a Yolŋu‐led digital experiment in sovereign knowledge production: a modelling of a site‐specific, participatory onto‐epistemics intended to inspire others towards the possibilities of creative, relational modes of more‐than‐human research.
Filming jilba: Sensing beyond the exclusionary fictions of climate science
Authors: Williams Citt , Kulka Jarramali
Published: September 2024

‘Filming jilba’ makes up part of a larger practice‐based research project focusing on the body as a site of climate sensitivity and perception. Investigated in collaboration with Bama colleague, Jarramali Kulka (a Kuku Yalanji‐Nyungkal man from Australia's tropical Far North Queensland), and his custodial practice jilba (pronounced jil‐ba), the article describes the embryotic growth of a performative practice‐based methodology that leads with intimate sensing—a generative counter position to remote sensing—and grows it phenomenologically through the field work of a documentary media practice. In attempting to speak across epistemic divides, the project process addresses the exclusionary fictions that conventional climate sensing performs by attuning to ‘a world that already has its own stories’.
Short day promotes gall swelling by a CONSTANS‐FLOWERING LOCUS T pathway in Zizania latifolia
Authors: Zhang Zhiping , Shi Wangjie , Gu Jiawen , Song Sixiao , Xiao Meng , Yao Junchi , Liu Yancheng , Jiang Jiezeng , Miao Minmin
Published: September 2024

“Jiaobai” is a symbiont of Zizania latifolia and Ustilago esculenta, producing fleshy galls as a popular vegetable in South and East Asia. Current “Jiaobai” cultivars exhibit abundant variation in their gall formation date; however, the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, a strict short‐day (SD) “Jiaobai” line “YD‐3” was used. Plants were treated with two day‐length regimes [14 h/10 h (day/night) (control) and 8 h/16 h (day/night) (SD)] from 100 to 130 days after planting. The gall swelling rate of the two treatments and another early SD treatment (from 60 to 90 days after planting), together with the contingent flowering plants in the experiment population, revealed that SD can improve both gall enlargement and flowering of “Jiaobai” plants. Comparison of RNA sequencing data among control, SD swelling, and SD flowering treatments of leaves and meristems indicated that SD promotion of “Jiaobai” swelling is conducted by the CONSTANS (CO)‐FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) pathway, similar but not identical to the SD‐induced flowering pathway in Z latifolia and rice. “Virus‐induced gene silencing”, “Yeast one‐hybrid assay” and “Dual‐luciferase assay” showed that a FT gene, ZlGsd1, is critical in SD promotion of gall formation and is positively regulated by a CO gene, ZlCOL1. Our study elucidated how photoperiod affects the formation of a unique organ produced by plant‐fungus symbiosis. The difference in SD response between “Jiaobai” and rice, as well as their potential applications in breeding of “Jiaobai” and rice, were also discussed.
ТОКСИЧЕСКИЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ХРИЗОТИЛ АСБЕСТА
Authors: Кусаинова А.А. , Айнагулова Г.С. , Арипова А.А.
Published: September 2024

Болезни легких, связанные с воздействием асбеста, остаются важной проблемой для медицины.  Асбестоз — это хроническое заболевание легкого, при котором легочная ткань постепенно заменяется фиброзной тканью в результате воздействия асбестовых волокон. Хризотил, считается наименее токсичной формой асбестового волокна, за счет его извилистой формы. При вдыхании такие волокна преимущественно оседают в верхних дыхательных путях.
Известны различные механизмы клеточного ответа на действие асбеста. Проникновение асбестовых волокон в клетки приводит к увеличению АФК и вызывает окислительный стресс, что приводит к повреждению клеточных компонентов и ДНК. В результате, возможна активация различных сигнальных систем, которые запустят клеточную гибель или фиброз и дальнейший канцерогенез.
Результаты нашего исследования, проведенного на клеточной линии фибробластов легкого MRC5, показали, что асбест оказывает генотоксическое и цитотоксическое действие. Окислительный клеточный стресс, вызванный действием следующих доз хризотила 2,5, 5 и 10 мг/см2, имеет дозозависимый эффект. Чем выше концентрация асбеста и дольше экспозиция, тем выше уровень АФК в клетках. Максимальная концентрация клеточных АФК наблюдалась через 24 часа воздействия разными дозами асбеста.При этом кометный анализ показал, что процент хвостовой ДНК увеличивался в зависимости от увеличения дозы хризотила, что позволяет сделать вывод о том, что асбест приводит к образованию двунитевых разрывов ДНК.
Цитотоксичность асбеста возрастала с увеличением концентрации и времени воздействия. Значительный дозозависимый эффект асбеста наблюдался через 48 часов, когда процент жизнеспособных клеток составил 83%, 74 и 65,9% при действии соответствующих доз асбестовых волокон.Помимо оценки жизнеспособности клеток, мы исследовали количество копий внеклеточной митохондриальной ДНК. Как показали наши данные, количеств внеклеточной мтДНК увеличивается с продолжительностью времени экспозиции хризотилом. Максимальное количество копий было обнаружено через 48 часов воздействия всех выбранных концентраций асбестовых волокон. В целом наблюдается связь между уровнем жизнеспособности клеток и количеством копий внеклеточной мтДНК, однако корреляции между этит параметрами найдено не было.
Изучение острого ответа на действие хризотила проводилось также  на животной модели. Крысам линии Вистар вводили дозы 25 мг и 50 мг асбеста. По морфометрическим показателям ультраструктуры митохондрий крыс более серьезные изменения были выявлены в митохондриях крыс, при влиянии асбеста в дозе 50 мг, которые характеризовались достоверным увеличением площади, периметра и среднего диаметра внешней и внутренней мембран и диаметра крист. Так же был проведен анализ содержания паркина (PRKN) и митофилина  в ткани легких крыс под действием хризотил асбеста. Было обнаружено значительное снижение уровня PRKN, контролирующего митофагию митохондрий.
A Review of the Applications of Machine Learning for Prediction and Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Microstructures in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Deshmankar Atharv P. , Challa Jagat Sesh , Singh Amit R. , Regalla Srinivasa Prakash
Published: September 2024

This article provides an insightful review of the recent applications of machine learning (ML) techniques in additive manufacturing (AM) for the prediction and amelioration of mechanical properties, as well as the analysis and prediction of microstructures. AM is the modern digital manufacturing technique adopted in various industrial sectors because of its salient features, such as the fabrication of geometrically complex and customized parts, the fabrication of parts with unique properties and microstructures, and the fabrication of hard-to-manufacture materials. The functioning of the AM processes is complicated. Several factors such as process parameters, defects, cooling rates, thermal histories, and machine stability have a prominent impact on AM products’ properties and microstructure. It is difficult to establish the relationship between these AM factors and the AM end product properties and microstructure. Several studies have utilized different ML techniques to optimize AM processes and predict mechanical properties and microstructure. This article discusses the applications of various ML techniques in AM to predict mechanical properties and optimization of AM processes for the amelioration of mechanical properties of end parts. Also, ML applications for segmentation, prediction, and analysis of AM-fabricated material’s microstructures and acceleration of microstructure prediction procedures are discussed in this article.
Flower Pollination Algorithm With Ring Topology for Multisolution Spaces to Solve the Disassembly Line Balancing Problem
Authors: Zhang Lei , Jin Rui , Geng Xiaorong , Hu Jiaqi , Bao Hong
Published: September 2024

The disassembly line balancing problem (DLBP) is of significant importance in the product recycling process. However, existing DLBP research has primarily proposed improved optimization algorithms for single-solution space. To provide decision makers with more efficient disassembly solutions, this article chooses three classical layouts (straight, U-shaped, and parallel) to broaden the solution space and expands an incomplete DLBP with multisolution spaces (DLBP-MS). By employing the strategy of incomplete disassembly, only the essential components are retained. In DLBP-MS, the disassembly information from used products is processed and imported into the three types of disassembly spaces to be solved and compared to find suitable disassembly solutions. And a multiobjective mathematical model is developed, and this includes factors such as workstation count, free time, disassembly smoothness index, carbon emission, and disassembly revenue. The part constraints are established based on directed graphs, and the encoding and decoding methods for multisolution spaces disassembly sequences in the random incomplete case are designed, respectively. A ring topology-based flower pollination algorithm (RTFPA) is introduced to effectively address the DLBP-MS. The solution set obtained during the iterative process is divided into subsets based on the congestion level and the overall diversity is preserved by internal optimization of these subsets. After that, the RTFPA is applied to the DLBP-MS of waste cell phones and computers. The improvement of the algorithm's optimization ability under different solution spaces is verified by comparing the results with those obtained from four other algorithms.
Design, Simulation, and Fabrication of Composite Lattice Orthoses With Enhanced Structural Performance
Authors: Mo Yaru , Johnson Shane
Published: September 2024

Orthoses play a critical role in rehabilitation by providing fracture stabilization, external load protection, and deformity correction. Traditional methods of orthotic manufacturing often result in increased bulkiness and weight due to material and processing limitations, and reduced breathability leading to potential skin problems. This study aims to enhance structural performance of orthoses through the utilization of a fiber-reinforced composite lattice design fabricated using a coreless filament winding process. An arm brace was designed and manufactured, which incorporates four modules made of fiberglass/polystyrene composite lattices assembled together using adjustable thermoplastic connectors. To simulate the structural performance, a finite element model (FEM) was constructed with careful consideration of the interactions between the connectors and the lattice modules, and this was subsequently validated through experiment. In comparison to a benchmark brace made of polylactic acid lattice, the composite brace exhibits a significant reduction in thickness (59%) and weight (38%) while maintaining similar structural performance. The validation test indicates the FEM’s reliability in predicting structural stiffness and strength of the composite brace, with the predicted load-bearing capacity being slightly conservative (5%) compared to experimental results. Composite lattice structures represent a significant advancement in the design of lightweight, high strength, and breathable orthoses. Moreover, the developed FEM serves as a valuable tool for accurately predicting structural performance and optimizing orthotic design under varying loading conditions.
Amplifying Student Viewpoints on Inclusive Student Experiences for Inclusive Excellence in Kinesiology
Authors: Brooks DeAnne Davis , Duley Helen Yolisa , Pipe Laura M. , Fullwood Carla C. , Aiken Christopher A.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this paper is to share how the American Kinesiology Association’s Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Committee envisioned, planned, and created an opportunity to show how inclusive excellence can be implemented as a strategy for transformation and change. This was achieved by listening to and intentionally responding with positive outcomes to students who voice their lived experiences in an institution of higher education. The Viewpoints on Inclusive Student Experiences (VOISES) model of student/faculty engagement is explained, along with reflections from two faculty members who participated in VOISES panels—one as an audience member and the other as a panel moderator. The discussion includes suggestions for incorporating student voices generally and the VOISES model specifically as part of a comprehensive diversity, equity, and inclusion strategy.
The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages for West Palearctic butterflies
Authors: Dapporto Leonardo , Menchetti Mattia , Dincă Vlad , Talavera Gerard , Garcia-Berro Aurora , D'Ercole Jacopo , Hebert Paul DN , Vila Roger
Published: September 2024

The interplay between geographic barriers and climatic oscillations over the past 2.6 million years structured genetic variation at the continental scale. The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages (GLQ) hypothesis outlines this phenomenon for Europe, but a comprehensive data-driven assessment is lacking. Using innovative genetic landscape methods, we model the GLQ in the West Palearctic based on 31,653 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences from 494 butterfly species and three functional traits. Seven distinct bioregions with varying levels of genetic endemicity emerge, revealing a latitudinal gradient in variation that confirms the “southern richness, northern purity” hypothesis. Through shift from case studies to a comparative approach, we objectively identify the main glacial refugia, colonization routes, and barriers to dispersal. Our findings offer a quantitative model of the GLQ across Europe, North Africa, and neighboring Asia, with broader applicability to other taxa and potentially scalable to encompass life on Earth.
Feline eye–inspired artificial vision for enhanced camouflage breaking under diverse light conditions
Authors: Kim Min Su , Kim Min Seok , Lee Mincheol , Jang Hyuk Jae , Kim Do Hyeon , Chang Sehui , Kim Minsung , Cho Hyojin , Kang Jiwon , Choi Changsoon , Hong Jung Pyo , Hwang Do Kyung , Lee Gil Ju , Kim Dae-Hyeong , Song Young Min
Published: September 2024

Biologically inspired artificial vision research has led to innovative robotic vision systems with low optical aberration, wide field of view, and compact form factor. However, challenges persist in object detection and recognition against complex backgrounds and varied lighting. Inspired by the feline eye, which features a vertically elongated pupil and tapetum lucidum, this study introduces an artificial vision system designed for superior object detection and recognition in a monocular framework. Using a slit-like elliptical aperture and a patterned metal reflector beneath a hemispherical silicon photodiode array, the system reduces excessive light and enhances photosensitivity. This design achieves clear focus under bright light and enhanced sensitivity in dim conditions. Theoretical and experimental analyses demonstrate the system’s ability to filter redundant information and detect camouflaged objects in diverse lighting, representing a substantial advancement in monocular camera technology and the potential of biomimicry in optical innovations.
Infrared single-photon detection with superconducting magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Di Battista Giorgio , Fong Kin Chung , Díez-Carlón Andrés , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Efetov Dmitri K.
Published: September 2024

The moiré superconductor magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) shows exceptional properties, with an electron (hole) ensemble of only ~10
11
carriers per square centimeter, which is five orders of magnitude lower than traditional superconductors (SCs). This results in an ultralow electronic heat capacity and a large kinetic inductance of this truly two-dimensional SC, providing record-breaking parameters for quantum sensing applications, specifically thermal sensing and single-photon detection. To fully exploit these unique superconducting properties for quantum sensing, here, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle experiment to detect single near-infrared photons by voltage biasing an MATBG device near its superconducting phase transition. We observe complete destruction of the SC state upon absorption of a single infrared photon even in a 16–square micrometer device, showcasing exceptional sensitivity. Our work offers insights into the MATBG-photon interaction and demonstrates pathways to use moiré superconductors as an exciting platform for revolutionary quantum devices and sensors.
Intein splicing efficiency and RadA levels can control the mode of archaeal DNA replication
Authors: Liman Geraldy L. S. , Lennon Christopher W. , Mandley Jaylin L. , Galyon Alina M. , Zatopek Kelly M. , Gardner Andrew F. , Santangelo Thomas J.
Published: September 2024

Inteins (intervening proteins), mobile genetic elements removed through protein splicing, often interrupt proteins required for DNA replication, recombination, and repair. An abundance of in vitro evidence implies that inteins may act as regulatory elements, whereby reduced splicing inhibits production of the mature protein lacking the intein, but in vivo evidence of regulatory intein excision in the native host is absent. The model archaeon
Thermococcus kodakarensis
encodes 15 inteins, and we establish the impacts of intein splicing inhibition on host physiology and replication in vivo. We report that a decrease in intein splicing efficiency of the recombinase RadA, a Rad51/RecA homolog, has widespread physiological consequences, including a general growth defect, increased sensitivity to DNA damage, and a switch in the mode of DNA replication from recombination-dependent replication toward origin-dependent replication.
Ultrasensitive integrated circuit sensors based on high-order non-Hermitian topological physics
Authors: Deng Wenyuan , Zhu Wei , Chen Tian , Sun Houjun , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: September 2024

High-precision sensors are of fundamental importance in modern society and technology. Although numerous sensors have been developed, obtaining sensors with higher levels of sensitivity and stronger robustness has always been expected. Here, we propose theoretically and demonstrate experimentally an alternative class of sensors with superior performances based on exotic properties of high-order non-Hermitian topological physics. The frequency shift induced by perturbations for these sensors can show an exponential growth with respect to the size of the device, which can grow well beyond the limitations of conventional sensors. The fully integrated circuit chips have been designed and fabricated in a standard 65–nanometer complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process technology. Not only has the sensitivity of systems less than 10
−3
femtofarad been experimentally verified, but these systems are also robust against disorders. Our proposed ultrasensitive integrated circuit sensors can have a wide range of applications in various fields and show an exciting prospect for next-generation sensing technologies.
Clock protein LHY targets
SNAT1
and negatively regulates the biosynthesis of melatonin in
Hypericum perforatum
Authors: Zhou Wen , Xiao Ru-Yi , Yang Yi-Xiao , Wang Xue , Wang Dong-hao , Wang Zhe-zhi
Published: September 2024

Hypericum perforatum
, also known as “natural fluoxetine,” is a commonly used herbal remedy for treating depression. It is unclear whether melatonin in plants regulated by the endogenous circadian clock system is like in vertebrates. In this work, we found that the melatonin signal and melatonin biosynthesis gene, serotonin
N
-acetyltransferase
HpSNAT1
, oscillates in a 24-hour cycle in
H. perforatum
. First, we constructed a yeast complementary DNA library of
H. perforatum
and found a clock protein HpLHY that can directly bind to the
HpSNAT1
promoter. Second, it was confirmed that HpLHY inhibits the expression of
HpSNAT1
by targeting the Evening Element. Last, it indicated that
HpLHY
-overexpressing plants had reduced levels of melatonin in 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycle photoperiod, while loss-of-function mutants exhibited high levels, but this rhythm seems to disappear as well. The results revealed the regulatory role of LHY in melatonin biosynthesis, which may make an important contribution to the field of melatonin synthesis regulation.
Coenzymes in a pre-enzymatic metabolism
Authors: Dherbassy Quentin , Mayer Robert J. , Moran Joseph
Published: September 2024

Experiments now support theoretical suggestions that coenzymes mediated key metabolic reactions before the emergence of enzymes. Three coenzymes believed essential to the core metabolism of the last universal common ancestor to extant life (pyridoxal phosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) were recently found to be active in their corresponding metabolic reactions in the absence of enzymes. These findings suggest an earlier contribution of coenzymes to abiogenesis, ultimately yielding insights into the prebiotic origins of metabolism.
Social robot for at-home cognitive monitoring
Authors: Yashinski Melisa
Published: September 2024

A socially assistive robot can administer in-home neuropsychological tests for cognitive monitoring of older adults.