bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete Response to Pembrolizumab in a Patient with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer with Both BRCA Positivity and a High Frequency of Microsatellite Instability: A Case Report
Authors: Hirano Takayuki , Yonezawa Kousuke , Kawahara Takashi , Mizuno Nobuhiko , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Karibe Yuta , Asano Jun , Fusayasu Shusei , Makiyama Kazuhide , Uemura Hiroji , Ohta Junichi , Moriyama Masatoshi
Published: August 2024

Introduction: There have been few reports of patients for whom a cancer gene panel test for solid tumors revealed the simultaneous presence of BRCA mutation and microsatellite instability (MSI)-high status. BRCA mutations have been reported in 13% of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients, and 3.1% of prostate cancer cases are MSI-high/mismatch repair deficient. Case Presentation: A 71-year-old man with a history of urinary retention was referred to our department for clinically suspected prostate cancer and a high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (141 ng/mL). MRI revealed features of prostate cancer invading the bladder, seminal vesicles, and rectum. A histopathological examination of a transperineal needle biopsy specimen obtained from the prostate revealed adenocarcinoma. Bone scintigraphy revealed multiple metastases. The patient was treated with abiraterone acetate combined with androgen deprivation therapy followed by local radiation. Rectal wall thickening and lymph node metastasis were also observed, and docetaxel was administered. A cancer gene panel test was positive results for BRCA2 mutation with a MSI-high. After six courses of docetaxel, lymph node enlargement was observed and olaparib was initiated. Two months later, the metastatic lesions showed enlargement and the PSA level increased. Subsequently, pembrolizumab was administered. At 2 to the patient months after the initiation of pembrolizumab administration, PSA levels decreased to <0.025 ng/mL and the rectal lesions and lymph node metastases disappeared. The patient was continuing to receive pembrolizumab without any apparent adverse events or exacerbations, 9 months after initiation. Conclusion: We herein report a case in which pembrolizumab treatment resulted in a complete response in a CRPC patient with both a BRCA2 mutation and an MSI-high status.
Streamlined Genetic Education and Cascade Testing in Men from Hereditary Breast Ovarian Cancer Families: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Grisham Christopher , Peshkin Beth N. , Sorgen Lia , Isaacs Claudine , Ladd Mary Kathleen , Jacobs Aryana , Binion Savannah , Tynan Mara , Kuchinsky Emily , Friedman Susan , Taylor Kathryn L. , Graves Kristi , O’Neill Suzanne , Kim David , Schwartz Marc D.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: When a pathogenic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation is identified in a family, cascade genetic testing of family members is recommended since the results may inform screening or treatment decisions in men and women. However, rates of cascade testing are low, and men are considerably less likely than women to pursue cascade testing. To facilitate cascade testing in men, we designed a Web-based genetic education tool that addressed barriers to cascade testing, was individually tailored, delivered proactively, and could be used in lieu of pretest genetic counseling to streamline the cascade testing process. Methods: We randomized 63 untested men from hereditary cancer families to Web-based genetic education (WGE) versus enhanced usual care (EUC). WGE participants were provided access to a genetic education website after which they could accept or decline genetic testing or opt for pretest genetic counseling. EUC participants received an informational brochure and a letter informing them of their eligibility for genetic testing and recommending they schedule genetic counseling. The primary outcome was the uptake of genetic testing. Results: Men in the WGE group were more likely to complete genetic counseling and/or genetic testing (43% vs. 12.1%; χ2 [n = 63, df = 1] = 7.77, p = 0.005). WGE participants were also more likely to complete genetic testing compared to men in the EUC group (30% vs. 9.1%; χ2 [n = 63, df = 1] = 4.46, p = 0.03). Conclusion: This preliminary trial suggests that a streamlined approach to genetic testing using proactively delivered genetic education may reduce barriers to cascade testing for at-risk men, leading to increased uptake. These results should be interpreted cautiously given the select sample and high rate of non-response.
Effect of Early Removal of Urinary Catheter in Patients Undergoing Abdominal and Thoracic Surgeries with Continuous Thoracic Epidural Analgesia on Postoperative Urinary Retention
Authors: Alwali Ahmed , Klar Ernst , Kamaleddine Imad , Glass Aenne , Leuchter Matthias , Schafmayer Clemens , Grambow Eberhard
Published: August 2024

Background: Postoperative continuous thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is an integral aspect of pain management after major abdominal and thoracic surgery. Under TEA, postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is frequently noted, prompting a common practice of maintaining the transurethral catheter (UC) until the cessation of TEA to avoid the necessity for reinsertion of the UC. This study analyzes the effect of an early bladder catheter removal during TEA on POUR incidence. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted on 71 patients undergoing elective abdominal and thoracic operations with TEA for postoperative pain control. Patients were divided into two groups based on the UC removal time in relation to the epidural catheter removal. In the early removal group (ERG), the UC was removed within 3 days of surgery, while in the standard group (SG), it was removed after completion of TEA. All patients in the ERG were still receiving TEA at the time of the UC removal. The primary outcome assessed was the incidence of POUR, while secondary outcomes included urinary tract infections (UTI), hospital length of stay (LOS), and patient’s comfort. Results: The overall prevalence of POUR was 7%, with five POUR cases – two (4.9%) of 41 patients in SG and three (10%) of 30 in ERG (p = 0.644). No significant difference was found in POUR occurrence between ERG and SG (p = 0.644). Additionally, no UTIs were observed in the study. The postoperative pain scores (visual analog scale [VAS]) 72 h and 96 h and the LOS (SG: 16.74 [±8.39] days; ERG: 14.53 [±6.99] days; p = 0.3) were similar between both study groups. Conclusion: Based on our results, it can be concluded that the removal of UC in the early postoperative period, even during TEA, can be performed safely without significantly increasing the risk of recatheterization.
Retrospective Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Primary Breast Cancer Care
Authors: Pruss Maximilian , Neubacher Melissa , Dietzel Frederic , Krawczyk Natalia , Cieslik Jan-Philipp , Mohrmann Svjetlana , Ruckhäberle Eugen , Sturm-Inwald Elisabeth C. , Fehm Tanja N. , Behrens Bianca
Published: August 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed breast cancer care for patients and healthcare providers. Circumstances varied greatly by region and hospital, depending on COVID-19 prevalence, case mix, hospital type, and available resources. These challenges have disrupted screening programs and have been particularly distressing for both women with a breast cancer diagnosis and their providers. Summary: This review explores the retrospective impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary breast cancer care. It analyzes changes in screening participation, diagnosis rates, treatment modalities, and the delivery of psycho-oncological support during the pandemic. The study found a significant reduction in breast cancer screenings and a subsequent stage shift in diagnoses, with fewer early-stage and more advanced-stage cancers being detected. Additionally, the review discusses the psychosocial challenges faced by patients and the adaptations made in care delivery, such as the increased use of telemedicine. Despite these challenges, the healthcare systems showed resilience, with core treatment services largely maintained and rapid adaptations to new care models. Key Messages: There was a marked decrease in breast cancer screenings and early diagnoses during the pandemic, with a shift toward more advanced-stage detections. While there was an increased use of neoadjuvant therapies and telemedicine, essential breast cancer treatments were mostly sustained, reflecting the resilience of healthcare systems. The pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of breast cancer patients, exacerbating anxiety and depression and highlighting the need for improved psycho-oncological support. The full impact of these disruptions on long-term breast cancer outcomes remains uncertain, necessitating ongoing monitoring and adaptation of care strategies to mitigate adverse effects.
Macular Structure Characteristics in Unilateral Idiopathic Full-Thickness Macular Hole and the Healthy Fellow Eyes
Authors: Hou Yi-Ting , Yang Chung-May , Hsieh Yi-Ting
Published: August 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the macular structure and foveal pit characteristics in the unilateral full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) patients and healthy fellow eyes. Methods: Our retrospective investigation included patients with unilateral FTMH as the study group, and age- and sex-matched individuals without vitreomacular diseases as the control group, all from one medical center. FTMHs were categorized into those with epiretinal proliferation, those without epiretinal proliferation, or those lacking vitreomacular separation. Macular parameters including foveal base width (FBW), central foveolar thickness (CFT), central subfield thickness (CST), central subfield volume, and retinal artery trajectory (RAT) were measured via optical coherence tomography and fundus photography. Comparisons of these parameters were made among lesioned eyes, contralateral healthy eyes and normal controls, as well as among different subgroups. Results: Sixty-eight unilateral FTMH patients (39 women and 29 men) and 68 normal controls were enrolled. The fellow eyes of unilateral FTMH showed larger FBWs (446.8 ± 98.2 μm) than controls (338.4 ± 80.6 μm, p < 0.001). The lesioned and fellow eyes of unilateral FTMH had smaller RAT values (0.19 ± 0.06 and 0.14 ± 0.04) than controls (0.37 ± 0.14, p < 0.001), indicating wider RAT in both groups. No significant macular structure parameter differences were observed among different FTMH subgroups. Females exhibited larger FBW, thinner CFT and CST, and wider RAT than the age-matched males (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with unilateral FTMH had a wider RAT in both the lesioned and healthy eyes and a wider FBW in their healthy fellow eyes than in controls. Such macular structure characteristics may be prone to macular hole formation.
Efficacy and Diagnostic Reliability of Intraoperative Frozen Section in the Surgical Management of Early-Stage Cervical Cancer
Authors: Smyth Sarah Louise , Jackson Edward , Sadeghi Negin , Pappa Christina , Ghanbarzadeh Nahid , Pinelli Ciro , Pubudu Pathiraja , Dhar Sunanda , Traill Zoe , Serra Pietro , Laganà Antonio Simone , Alazzam Moiad
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study of this study was to evaluate preoperative radiology and histopathology findings in cervical cancer lymphadenopathy detection, allowing targeted frozen section examination (FSE). Design: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 203 early-stage cervical cancer patients between 2010 and 2019 in a tertiary centre. Participants/Materials, Setting, and Methods: All patients had histologically confirmed cervical cancer and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to intraoperative FSE. The primary objectives of the study were to determine the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative FSE in the identification of lymph node metastases (LNM) in early-stage cervical cancer by correlation with final results obtained using standard histopathology techniques and to examine different preoperative, intraoperative, demographic, radiological, and histopathological factors that could identify those at greatest risk of nodal disease and hence predict those most likely to benefit from FSE, enabling more selective and targeted use. Results: Nineteen patients were found to have LNM (9.36%) at FSE. Patients were at increased risk of LNM by 6-fold with positive LVSI, 3-fold with MRI lymphadenopathy, and 3.5-fold with MRI-visible disease. The presence of lymphadenopathy on MRI and positive LVSI in combination increased the risk of LNM by 19-fold. Limitations: We acknowledge that FSE is expensive and time intensive, exposing patients to increased surgery duration and associated risk. We also recognize that it may not be feasible for all patients. Finally, the analysis is limited by retrospective nature of the study. Conclusions: By application of the preoperative risk stratification algorithm, we may suggest that FSE can be a useful tool in high-risk patients.
Longitudinal Changes in Ki-67 Indices in Small-Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumours and Their Impact on Survival
Authors: Daskalakis Kosmas , Tsoli Marina , Wedin Maria , Kos-Kudla Beata , Kogut Angelika , Srirajaskanthan Raj , Clement Dominique S.V.M. , Giovos Georgios , Weickert Martin O. , Kaltsas Gregory
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in Ki-67 indices of SI-NETs and assess the impact of these in overall survival (OS). Methods: We screened 551 patients with SI-NETs diagnosed from 1993, through 2021, identified using the SI-NET databases from five European referral centres. Only patients with well-differentiated tumours and available baseline tumour samples and follow-up re-biopsies were included. For tumour grading, apart from 2017 WHO classification system, we applied a recently proposed SI-NET site-specific modified histopathological grading system with Ki-67 cut-offs of 5 and 10%. Uni- and multivariable regression analyses were used to determine whether there was a difference between OS in SI-NET patients stratified by increment of Ki-67 indices over time and/or progression to a higher grade. Results: We included 45 patients. Median Ki-67 index at SI-NET diagnosis was 2% (range: 0.5–15%). Thirty-three patients had Ki-67 indices <5% (70.2%), 6 had Ki-67: 5–10% (12.8%), and 8 had Ki-67 ≥10% (17%). Mean time to re-biopsy was 48.8 months (SD: ±162.5). At re-biopsy, the median change in Ki-67 index (absolute value; follow-up minus time of diagnosis) was 1% (range: −10 to +38%). An increase in Ki-67 occurred in 20 patients (42.6%); in 14 patients, the change in Ki-67 resulted in progression to higher tumour grade following the modified grading system. Patients with an increment in Ki-67 ≥1% had a median OS of 32.9 months versus 80.5 months in patients without (HR = 5.6, 95% CI: 1.42–22.02; p = 0.014). When applying the novel modified histopathological grading system for SI-NETs, patients with grade progression had a median OS of 32.9 months versus 53.7 months in those without (HR = 4.61, 95% CI: 1.22–13.54; p = 0.022). At multivariable analysis, grade progression was confirmed as an independent predictor for death (HR = 7.2, 95% CI: 1.58–32.82; p = 0.011). Conclusions: Metachronous increment in Ki-67 indices and related grade progression over time following a site-specific modified histopathological grading system with Ki-67 cut-offs of 5 and 10% is observed in approximately 1/3 of SI-NETs subjected to re-biopsy and it is associated with worse survival outcomes.
Prevalence and Predictors of Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Left Ventricular Thrombus
Authors: Won Yoonsun , Ha Kyung Eun , Kim Se-Eun , Lee Joonpyo , Lee Chan Joo , Moon Jeonggeun
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Thromboembolic events (TEs) associated with left ventricular (LV) thrombus (LVT) are of clinical concern; however, further investigation into their prevalence and risk predictors is warranted. Methods: We retrospectively identified 256 patients diagnosed with LVT by echocardiography between 2010 and 2021. The primary outcome was the occurrence of TE, including stroke and arterial thromboembolism. Patients were divided into TE (+) and TE (−) groups for clinical comparison, with a focus on factors related to TE. Results: The TE event rate was 9% over a median period of 4 ± 3 years. Notably, most TE occurred within 3 months and became scarce after 2 years of follow-up; based on this, LVT chronicity was defined as LVT persistency for ≥2 years. A prior TE history proved to be a positive predictor of TE (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.92, confidence interval [CI]: 1.45–24.18, p = 0.01), while LVT chronicity showed to be a negative predictor (HR: 0.04, CI: 0.01–0.15, p < 0.001). LVT chronicity accurately predicted TE (area under curve of 0.86 [95% CI: 0.80–0.93], cutoff value of 794 days [sensitivity: 69%, specificity: 91%]). Conclusion: TE associated with LVT occurs in the early period of recognition, and a history of TE is an independent predictor for future TE. Once LVT becomes chronic (≥2 years), TE is rare.
Outcomes of Patients with Myeloid Malignancies and Cardiovascular Disease Undergoing Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Sanchez-Petitto Gabriela , Goloubeva Olga , Childress James , Iqbal Tahreem , Masur Jack , An Max , Muhammad Safwan , Lawson Justin , Li Grace , Barr Brian , Emadi Ashkan , Duong Vu H. , Hardy Nancy M. , Rapoport Aaron P. , Baer Maria R. , Niyongere Sandrine , Yared Jean A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction/Background: Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) and nonmyeloablative (NMA) regimens have enabled patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) to undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, little is known about long-term outcomes, including cardiovascular (CV) complications. Methods: We retrospectively studied 99 consecutive patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who underwent allo-HSCT between September 1, 2013, and November 30, 2020. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), nonrelapse mortality (NRM), cumulative incidence of relapse, and cumulative incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) were compared in patients with and without CV risk factors or disease. Results: Preexisting CVD was present in 34 of 99 patients (34%). CVD patients more commonly had reduced-intensity conditioning (91% vs. 60%, p = 0.001) and unrelated donors (56% vs. 35%, p = 0.04). Early adverse cardiac events occurred more frequently in the CVD versus no-CVD group (38% vs. 14%), particularly arrhythmias (21% vs. 5%; p = 0.04). CVD patients tended to have poorer OS and PFS outcomes (HR = 1.98, [1.00, 3.92]; HR = 1.89, [0.96–3.72], respectively). OS rate at 1, 2, and 3 years for CVD versus no-CVD patients was 66% versus 72%, 55% versus 64%, and 46% versus 62%, respectively. Causes of death in the CVD and no-CVD groups were infections (53% vs. 28%), relapsed disease (32% vs. 52%), and CV events (10% vs. 3%). Conclusion: Based on these data, predictive models to identify patients with CVD with higher risk of post-allo-HSCT complications and mortality and strategies to mitigate these risks should be developed.
Retos del sistema educativo rural colombiano: caso Mochuelo Bajo (sur de Bogotá)
Authors: Iregui-Parra Paola , Yepes García Angie Daniela , Bautista-Ramírez Laura Elena , Hoyos Daza David Santiago , Molano-Pinán Sara Yesenia
Published: August 2024

(analytical)The shift from face-to-face classes to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on students' educational processes, specifically on the accessibility, acceptability (quality) and availability of education. These effects highlighted the inequalities and structural deficiencies faced by the Colombian educational system, primarily in rural areas. This article presents a case study of Mochuelo Bajo (Bogotá) during the lockdown of 2020 and the post-pandemic period in 2022. The lack of internet connections and technological devices among this population impacted access to education for students in rural and peripheral urban zones.
Trends in Complications Among Patients Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement in the United States
Authors: Harvey James E. , Kapadia Samir R. , Cohen David J. , Kalra Ankur , Irish William , Gunnarsson Candace , Ryan Michael , Chikermane Soumya G. , Thompson Christin , Puri Rishi
Published: August 2024

Background

The treatment of severe aortic stenosis has evolved considerably since the introduction of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), yet trends in complications for patients undergoing TAVR or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) at a national level have yet to be evaluated.

Methods and Results

We performed a retrospective cohort study using Medicare data to evaluate temporal trends in complications among beneficiaries, aged ≥65 years, treated with elective isolated transfemoral TAVR or SAVR between 2012 and 2019. The study end point was the occurrence of a major complication (composite outcome) during index and up to 30 days after. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess odds of complications for TAVR and SAVR, individually over time, and for TAVR versus SAVR, over time. The cohort included 211 212 patients (mean±SD age, 78.6±7.3 years; 45.0% women). Complication rates during index following elective isolated aortic valve replacement decreased from 49% in 2012 to 22% in 2019. These reductions were more pronounced for TAVR (41% to >19%, Δ=22%) than SAVR (51% to >47%, Δ=4%). After risk adjustment, the risk of any complication with TAVR was 47% (
P
<0.0001) lower compared with SAVR in 2012, and 78% (
P
<0.0001) lower in 2019. TAVR was independently associated with reduced odds of complications each year compared with 2012, with the magnitude of benefit increasing over time (2013 versus 2012: odds ratio [OR], 0.89 [95% CI, 0.81–0.97]; 2019 versus 2012: OR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.33–0.38]). These findings are consistent for complications up to 30 days from index.

Conclusions

Between 2012 and 2019, the risk of complications after aortic valve replacement among Medicare beneficiaries decreased significantly, with larger absolute and relative changes among patients treated with TAVR than SAVR.
CASSH Registry: Rationale and Study Design
Authors: Ezzeldin Mohamad , Kerro Ali , Hassan Ameer E. , Hussain Muhammad Shazam , Tatapudi Suhas V. V. , Ezzeldin Rime , Sheriff Faheem G. , Kan Peter , Ezepue Chizoba , Asif Kaiz S. , Grandhi Ramesh , Alaraj Ali , Niazi Muhammad , Bushnaq Saif , Tanweer Omar , Limaye Kaustubh , Anwoju Tunmi , Ali Zuhair , Zaidat Osama O. , Siddiq Farhan
Published: August 2024

Background

Carotid artery disease, a major cause of strokes, often results from carotid atherosclerotic stenosis. Although carotid endarterectomy has long been the standard treatment, carotid artery stenting (CAS) emerged as an alternative for high‐risk surgical patients. Operator experience plays a crucial role in reducing complications, with neurointerventional specialists demonstrating proficiency in CAS. However, they are often underrepresented in CAS studies. The CASSH (Carotid Artery Stenting Outcomes in Comprehensive Stroke Hospitals) registry aims to provide comprehensive insights into CAS outcomes, particularly when performed by neurointerventionalists at comprehensive stroke centers.

Methods

The CASSH is a multicenter, prospective, observational study currently enrolling patients with carotid artery stenosis undergoing CAS performed by neurointerventional physicians. All the participating sites will screen and report cases that meet inclusion criteria, on a monthly basis. The decision of whether to use CAS is at the discretion of the interventionalist.

Results

We will collect patients’ baseline clinical, demographic, and radiographic data. In addition, we plan to collect procedure variables and postoperative clinical and imaging data. Outcomes include the rate of postoperative symptomatic stroke (hemorrhagic/ischemic), access site complications, in‐stent thrombosis, and mortality.

Conclusion

Current literature underrepresents neurointerventionalists in CAS studies, especially as it pertains to procedural expertise and outcomes. CASSH is a prospective observational study that will enhance our understanding of CAS management and outcomes, emphasizing the benefits of neurointerventional expertise within comprehensive stroke centers.
Neuroimaging Findings for the Overnight Consolidation of Learned Non-native Speech Sounds
Authors: Earle F. Sayako , Molfese Peter J. , Myers Emily B.
Published: August 2024

Research over the past two decades has documented the importance of sleep to language learning. Sleep has been suggested to play a role in establishing new speech representations as well; however, the neural mechanisms corresponding to sleep-mediated effects on speech perception behavior are unknown. In this study, we trained monolingual English-speaking adults to perceive differences between the Hindi dental vs. retroflex speech contrast in the evening. We examined the blood oxygen level dependent signal using functional magnetic resonance imaging during perceptual tasks on both the trained talker and on an untrained talker shortly after training, and again the next morning. We also employed diffusion tensor imaging to determine if individual differences in white matter structure could predict variability in overnight consolidation. We found greater activity in cortical regions associated with language processing (e.g., left insula) on the second day. Fractional anisotropy values in the anterior thalamic radiation and the uncinate fasciculus were associated with the magnitude of overnight change in perceptual behavior on the generalization (untrained) talker, after controlling for differences in sleep duration and initial learning. Our findings suggest that speech-perceptual information is subject to an overnight transfer of information to the cortex. Moreover, neural structure appears to be linked to individual differences in efficiency of overnight consolidation.
Les projets constitutionnels du Congrès de Polleur (1789–1791): La Révolution dans les campagnes de la Principauté de Liège
Authors: Leboutte Quentin
Published: August 2024

Within the history of revolutionary upheavals, the role of the Polleur Congress remains unique and yet overlooked. Drawing inspiration from the French and American Revolutions, and rooted in Enlightenment ideas, the congress participants adapted their demands to the local reality of the Marquisate of Franchimont. In doing so, they were able to create a more radical yet also more democratic revolutionary movement. Whether in the implementation of the separation of powers principle, the proclamation of a Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, or the establishment of a Franchimont Republic, all the proposed reforms demonstrate a genuine effort to reinterpret global revolutionary ideas and tailor them to the local situation. This contribution aims to rediscover the legal aspects of this Congress through the analysis of the demands for an institutional reform of the Principality of Liège, the various fundamental rights guaranteed to citizens, as well as the intentions for organizing the new state specific to the Franchimont region.
Is legal history just writing a text?
Authors: Sirks Boudewijn
Published: August 2024

The question, what constitutes the methodology of the legal history research, is answered in different ways. One is that it is the same as for general history: writing on history according to a set of rules which constitute its methodology, because in the end all research on history is just creating a text. It follows from this that legal history is a variation of history and belongs to history faculties, since there is no connection with legal methodology. It is maintained in this article that this view is based on too simple a view of history as science: there is not one methodology but various methodologies (‘discourses’, not only in history but in science in general), each with its own conditions and requirements. Legal history’s discourse has a particular distinguishing element, viz. legal analysis and methodology, which sets it apart from history in general. Its natural place is consequently in law faculties.
‘Scriptura recepta et usitata’
Authors: Zwalve W.J.
Published: August 2024

It is generally taken for granted that the 426 Law of Citations (Lex citandi) of the emperor Valentinian III had no impact on the composition of Justinian’s Digest and that it had already been repealed on 15 December 530 with the promulgation of Const. Deo auctore, announcing the composition of the Digest. In this article it is contended that the Lex citandi was only repealed on 16 December 533, with the promulgation of the Digest on which it had a considerable impact since it was referred to in Const. Deo auctore and was the main inspiration of the Index florentinus, which is to be regarded as an expanded version of the Lex citandi.
Theory in Comparative Law Scholarship
Authors: Vols Michel
Published: August 2024

The main focus of this paper is the meaning of the term “theory” in comparative law. It examines the comparative law theory literature and conducts an in-depth analysis of a sample of articles from two journals (ajcl and ejclg). Theory is considered very important in legal scholarship. ajcl articles are usually more “theory-thick” than their European counterparts. Nevertheless, the majority of European literature also places a strong emphasis on theory-related language. Yet, it is often unclear why authors used these words or what they contributed to the paragraph, section, or research objective. None of the articles reviewed discussed or acknowledged the polysemous nature of theory. This lack of clarity and transparency may hinder the progress of comparative law scholarship.
Too Big to Remedy? What Climate Cases Tell Us About the Remedial Role of Human Rights
Authors: Heri Corina
Published: August 2024

As the European Court of Human Rights (Court) considered the human rights impacts of climate change for the first time, its initial climate cases issued an invitation to think beyond climate change, and to interrogate key aspects of how the Court deals with systemic or societal problems. While its ruling in KlimaSeniorinnen v Switzerland presented much-discussed innovations in terms of the Court’s treatment of the admissibility and merits of climate cases, and especially in terms of the victim status test, the ‘tail’ end of the Court’s violation judgment has not received sufficient attention. Here the Court had a particular opportunity to respond to the structural nature of climate change. Its deferential remedial findings relate to the Court’s understanding of reparation and its own role, which in turn shape its willingness to open its remedial toolbox. The present piece interrogates the remedial options available in climate cases, focusing particularly on the KlimaSeniorinnen case to re-examine the idea that some issues are simply too extensive or too complex to receive scrutiny – or a remedy – from a human rights institution such as the Court.
Two new and unusual species of Tibelloides Mello-Leitão, 1939 (Araneae: Philodromidae)
Authors: PRADO ANDRÉ WANDERLEY DO , PANTOJA PAULO , BAPTISTA RENNER LUIZ CERQUEIRA
Published: August 2024

Tibelloides Mello-Leitão, 1939 currently comprises four species of Neotropical grass-dwelling spiders. Herein, we describe and illustrate Tibelloides castelo sp. nov. with few records from Brazil (Minas Gerais, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro), and Tibelloides juatuba sp. nov., with records from Brazil (Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rondônia) and Paraguay (San Pedro). These two new species differ from the previously described ones by having body and legs conspicuously longer and thinner, male pedipalp without retrolateral marginal conductor, and female genitalia with compound copulatory ducts tubular and elongated.
A Reading of Abortion in Enriching Our Worship 5
Authors: Winner Lauren F
Published: August 2024

A critical assessment of the Episcopal Church’s authorized prayers and liturgies pertaining to abortion.
Education, Risk-attitude and Agricultural Innovation: Farm Level Investigation in North India
Authors: Verma Saroj
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the role of farmers’ education in promoting farming innovation, that is, contract farming (CF). Applying the Tobit model on cross-sectional data of 754 wheat growers in Haryana, it has been found that education directly and indirectly (by reducing risk aversion) stimulates the participation intensity of farmers in CF. It directly enhances farmers’ capacity to absorb and comprehend CF complexities and indirectly reduces farmers’ risk-aversion attitude. It fosters a positive attitude and willingness to adopt modern technologies. Hence, both the education and risk-taking attitudes of farmers are found to be significant for CF adoption probability and intensity. Other factors like farm size, non-farm income, asset ownership and access to credit, media and contact with extension services are all positive stimuli of CF participation intensity. The study suggests promoting field school and awareness programmes to help farmers both acquire and disseminate information on modern farm practices and technologies.

JEL Codes: C01, I25, Q16
Rapid identification of the coefficient of moisture expansion of polymer materials by the employment of plates with asymmetric concentration fields
Authors: Beringhier Marianne , Gigliotti Marco , Vannucci Paolo
Published: August 2024

The paper pursues the development of a novel methodology for the rapid identification of the diffuso-mechanical properties of polymer materials based on the employment of plates subject to asymmetric moisture concentration fields. The study is carried out on epoxy plate samples equipped with a thin aluminium foil on a surface exposed to the environment to promote asymmetric moisture absorption. The asymmetric moisture fields promote deformations of the plate. Mass gain and plate curvatures are measured as a function of time during conditioning. By using a weakly coupled diffuso-mechanical model: 1D Fick’s diffusion model and 2D plane stress hygroelastic model the diffuso-mechanical properties of the material can be then identified. Due to the chosen size of the experimental samples the present study allows the identification of the coefficient of moisture expansion of the epoxy material. For the material under study, the following values can be identified for saturation mass gain, water diffusivity and coefficient of moisture expansion respectively: 1.67%, 0.025 mm2.h−1, 0.1628.
Importance of Visual Support Through Lipreading in the Identification of Words in Spanish Language
Authors: Gómez-Vicente Violeta , Esquiva Gema , Lancho Carmen , Benzerdjeb Kawthar , Jerez Antonia Angulo , Ausó Eva
Published: August 2024

We sought to examine the contribution of visual cues, such as lipreading, in the identification of familiar (words) and unfamiliar (phonemes) words in terms of percent accuracy. For that purpose, in this retrospective study, we presented lists of words and phonemes (adult female healthy voice) in auditory (A) and audiovisual (AV) modalities to 65 Spanish normal-hearing male and female listeners classified in four age groups. Our results showed a remarkable benefit of AV information in word and phoneme recognition. Regarding gender, women exhibited better performance than men in both A and AV modalities, although we only found significant differences for words but not for phonemes. Concerning age, significant differences were detected in word recognition in the A modality between the youngest (18–29 years old) and oldest (⩾50 years old) groups only. We conclude visual information enhances word and phoneme recognition and women are more influenced by visual signals than men in AV speech perception. On the contrary, it seems that, overall, age is not a limiting factor for word recognition, with no significant differences observed in the AV modality.
Evaluation of the Laboratory Response Network and Testing Access During the First 10 Weeks of the Mpox Response, United States, May 17–July 31, 2022
Authors: Thomas Katharine L. , Aden Tricia A. , Blevins Patricia A. , Raziano Amanda J. , Wolford Tyler , Honein Margaret A. , Villanueva Julie M.
Published: August 2024

Objectives:

The Laboratory Response Network (LRN) consists of US and international laboratories that respond to public health emergencies, such as biothreats. We used a qualitative approach to assess the successes and challenges of the LRN during the initial 10 weeks of the 2022 mpox outbreak (May 17–July 31, 2022).

Methods:

We conducted 9 unstructured interviews, which included 3 interviews with subject matter experts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and 6 interviews with state and local public health laboratories and epidemiologists and Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) staff. We asked guiding questions on investments in preparedness, successes, and challenges during the initial mpox response and asked for suggestions to improve future LRN responses to infectious disease outbreaks. We also reviewed data from 2 contemporaneous APHL surveys conducted in June and July 2022 in 84 LRN public health laboratories.

Results:

Notable successes included availability of an assay that had received clearance from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for testing orthopoxviruses (non-variola Orthopoxvirus [NVO] assay) and a trained workforce; strong relationships among FDA, CDC, and the LRN; and strong communications between LRN laboratories and CDC. Challenges included variability among LRN laboratories in self-reported testing capacity, barriers to accessing the NVO assay for health care providers, and gaps in LRN function during surges of testing needs.

Conclusions:

The LRN system plays an essential role in the response to emerging infectious disease outbreaks in the United States. Lessons learned from the LRN’s initial response to the mpox outbreak can help guide improvements to better position the LRN for future responses, including continued engagement with health care providers, commercial laboratories, and laboratories in health care settings.
Developing and Implementing a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Curriculum Self-reflection Process at a School of Public Health
Authors: Davis Stacy , English Devin , Shiau Stephanie , Bhavaraju Rajita , Downs Shauna , Eliasson Gwyneth M. , Krause Kristen D. , Merchant Emily V. , Olsson Tess , Ruidíaz-Santiago Michelle M. , Shah Nimit N. , Liang Laura E. , Lassiter Teri
Published: August 2024

We critically reviewed the motivations, processes, and implementation methods underlying a faculty-driven diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) curriculum self-reflection project in the Rutgers School of Public Health. This case study offers guidance on a curriculum self-reflection tool that was developed through the school’s Curriculum Committee to promote DEI throughout the school’s curricula. We review the key steps in this process and the unique aspects of developing and implementing such evaluations within higher education. The study draws on faculty experience, was informed by students and staff within the Curriculum Committee, and builds on existing knowledge and tools. A flexible 6-step framework—including guiding principles and strategic approaches to planning, developing, and implementing a DEI curriculum self-assessment—is provided to assist instructors, curriculum committees, DEI groups, and academic leaders at schools of public health interested in refining their courses and curricula. Academic units experience contextual challenges, and while each is at a different stage in curriculum reform, our findings provide lessons about integrating the assessment of DEI in school curriculum in a systematic and iterative way. Our approach can be applied to diverse academic settings, including those experiencing similar implementation challenges.
‘The Green Areas Are Out of Our Reach’: Racialisation, Erasure and Resistance in UK Urban Greening Initiatives
Authors: Haycox Hannah , Meer Nasar , Finney Nissa , Rhodes James , Hill Emma , Leahy Sharon
Published: August 2024

Commitments to Build Back Greener remain prominent in international approaches to post-pandemic economic recovery. Yet, few studies have considered how the associated processes of valuing, preserving and erasing green spaces in urban greening redevelopment projects are inflected by racialised inequalities. Drawing on 29 interviews with policy practitioners and racially minoritised residents in Oldham (North-West England), this article contests discursive framings of greening projects as vehicles of equality and conviviality, by utilising the lens of racial capitalism. In doing so, the article identifies two processes of symbolic and material erasure in urban greening redevelopment strategies: the overwriting of racial signifiers in local imaginaries of place and the vulnerability to development of urban greenery in racialised localities. The article further documents resistance via the reclaiming of green space by racialised residents and sheds lights on the under-explored synergies of ‘race’ and urban greening initiatives.
Does Gen-AI have a role in public affairs education? Let’s ask ChatGPT
Authors: Baracskay Daniel
Published: August 2024

The academic literature has expanded significantly in recent times to consider how Gen-AI is transforming the learning process. However, there still remain gaps in the literature, first in applying selected individual Gen-AI applications to classroom learning, and second in focusing upon specific uses in public administration education. In addressing this gap, this research uses a sequence of assignment scenarios to examine how Gen-AI may be integrated into pedagogical approaches and align with course learning objectives. Using the Gen-AI application ChatGPT– which is a popular choice for students to consult for course assignments– an examination of results generated from program queries point toward both opportunities and challenges from the perspectives of teaching (instructors) and learning (students). The below discussion contributes to the literature by first developing three assignment scenarios (linked to learning objectives) to explore the utility of Gen-AI in the learning process, and second discusses various teaching and learning benefits and challenges which are premised on the need for moderation and carefully planned usage of Gen-AI technology in the classroom. This blending of pedagogical theory and practice suggests a need for instructors to teach students about the implications of technology usage and assignment originality in unison with the actual topical coverage of the content that is being presented.
School Refusal Behaviors: The Roles of Adolescent and Parental Factors
Authors: Chen Junwen , Feleppa Celina , Sun Tingyue , Sasagawa Satoko , Smithson Michael , Leach Liana
Published: August 2024

School refusal behaviors in adolescents have deleterious immediate and long-term consequences and are associated with mental ill-health such as anxiety and depression. Understanding factors that place youth at higher risk of school refusal behavior may assist in developing effective management approaches. We investigated parental and adolescent factors that may be associated with school refusal behaviors by specifically focusing on the role of parental and adolescent emotion dysregulation, their anxiety and depression, and parental rearing style. First, we hypothesized that adolescents with school refusal behaviors, as well as their parents, will report higher levels of emotion dysregulation, anxiety, and depression compared to their counterparts without school refusal behaviors. Furthermore, we hypothesized that multivariate models testing the role of parental and child factors concurrently will show that parental (emotion dysregulation, anxiety and depression, and rearing styles) and adolescent (emotion dysregulation, anxiety, and depression) factors are associated with school refusal behaviors. One hundred and six adolescents aged 12 to 18 years and their parents completed an online questionnaire measuring both parental and adolescent emotion dysregulation, anxiety, depression, parental rearing styles, and adolescents’ school refusal behaviors. Adolescents with school refusal behaviors reported greater anxiety and depression, with their parents showing greater emotion dysregulation. Multivariate analyses showed that parental emotion dysregulation and adolescent age were associated with school refusal behaviors independently. Future management for school refusal behaviors should consider age-tailored approaches by incorporating training for parental emotion regulation skills.
Cruel Optimism as an Ecology of Powers
Authors: Karataş İbrahim Berkan
Published: August 2024

How do the flexibilized scenes of cruel optimism crystallize and resonate with the situational displays of crises as a governmental oversight? Centering around this question, the paper aims to offer a critical fulcrum for problematic attachments toward future-mediated fantasies in the aftermath of the Kahramanmaras earthquakes. It starts with evaluating how the pastoral mode was applied as a cruel diagram of positivity by the Turkish government through the omnipresent prowess of the media, which presents an ‘ordinaryizing’ affect in regularizing the fatalistic discourses and relief efforts. It then continues to analyze the retributive discourses by the politicians and officials that triggered the oscillatory porosity among varied (de)subjectivities, toggling between sovereign misrecognitions and exclusions, as well as spiritually vivifying the optimistic barriers of cruelty. Lastly, it discusses in what ways the hopeful projections reconciled with the preemption by the dominant scientific narratives paradoxically prolong the preexistence of uncertainty and trust.
Effect of a transitional tele-rehabilitation programme on quality of life of adult burn survivors: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bayuo Jonathan , Wong Frances Kam Yuet , Chung Loretta Yuet Foon
Published: August 2024

Objective

To examine the effects of the transitional tele-rehabilitation programme on quality of life of adult burn survivors.

Design

A prospective, single centre, randomised controlled trial and reported according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines.

Participants

Adult burn survivors aged ≥18 years with burn size ≥10% total body surface area irrespective of the depth was considered eligible to participate.

Intervention

The intervention was in two phases: pre-discharge and active follow-up phase (which occurred via WeChat). In both phases, comprehensive assessment and intervention guided by the Omaha System and evidenced-based protocols guided the care delivery over an 8-week period.

Main measures

The outcome of interest was quality of life. Two outcome measures were used to assess the outcome of interest: Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B) and the EQ-5D-5L tools. The outcome was assessed at three time points: T0 (baseline), T1 (immediate post-intervention) and T2 (4 weeks from T1).

Results

In total, 60 adult burn survivors were randomly allocated to undergo the new programme. The transitional tele-rehabilitation programme elicited statistically significant improvement in simple abilities, affect, interpersonal relationship (T2) and overall quality life (T1 and T2) measured on the BSHS-B.

Conclusion

Ongoing rehabilitative care is essential to support the recovery process of burn survivors considering that some quality-of-life subscales may improve faster than others. The study findings highlight the potential of employing a social media platform to improve post-burn quality of life outcomes.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.govNCT04517721. Registered on 20 August 2020