bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diatonic and Tonal Functions in the Polyphonic Virelai of the 14 th Century
Authors: Guillotel-Nothmann Christophe
Published: October 2019

Cet article examine l’organisation tonale des virelais polyphoniques français du ‘long’ xiv e siècle. La théorie des types tonals de Peter Lefferts (1995) est mise en regard avec une seconde grille de lecture qui établit une distinction entre fonctions diatoniques et fonctions tonales. Cette perspective double suggère que la distribution asymétrique entre modes alpha , beta et gamma , mise en évidence par la théorie des types tonals, résulte de la volonté de faire converger, au sein de la cadence ouverte, le caractère non conclusif du degré de l’échelle modale-tonale (fonction tonale) et l’instabilité inhérente à la cadence phrygienne (fonction diatonique). La dynamique formelle qui découle de l’articulation ouvert-clos ne peut être saisie à travers le cadre conceptuel des types tonals avec ses catégories statiques déduites à partir de marqueurs minimaux figés. Plus que la classification modale-tonale, c’est donc la réflexion sur son essence, son interprétation et son explication qui s’avère décisive pour saisir l’organisation tonale et la structure interne des œuvres. Les conséquences de cette conclusion sont examinées d’un point de vue méthodologique et épistémologique.
Une libéralisation de la formation qui redistribue les responsabilités et soulève de multiples questions
Authors: Batal Christian
Published: October 2019

La loi du 5 septembre 2018 entend réformer en France la formation professionnelle continue. De ce fait elle se donne comme ambition de transformer en profondeur la gouvernance de cette formation professionnelle en redistribuant les rôles et les responsabilités des acteurs, et ce dans une inspiration libérale. Une telle ambition soulève un certain nombre de questions que le texte qui suit cherche à identifier. Ce sont les pratiques issues de cette loi qui apporteront demain les réponses à ces questions.
Health Services for LGBTQ+ Patients
Authors: Lawlis Shauna M. , Watson Kevin , Hawks Erin M. , Lewis Angela L. , Hester Landon , Ostermeyer Britta K. , Middleman Amy B.
Published: October 2019

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ+) people often struggle to find quality medical and mental health care. It is important that mental health providers have a general knowledge of the specific needs of the LGBTQ+ population. This article describes how to establish a safe environment for LGBTQ+ patients, as well as how to address their specific mental health and medical needs. Knowledge of these needs can decrease overall morbidity and mortality, thus improving outcomes for this population.

[
Psychiatr Ann.
2019;49(10):426–435.]
Imaging Serpiginous Choroidopathy With Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Lujan Brandon J. , Gregori Giovanni , Puliafito Carmen A. , Punjabi Omar S. , Rich Ryan , Davis Janet L. , Flynn Harry W.
Published: October 2019

he use of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in the study of chronic serpiginous choroiditis was evaluated. Two patients with chronic serpiginous choroiditis were imaged using two prototype SD-OCT systems (6-µm axial resolution). Raster scans covering 6 3 6 3 2-mm regions of the retina were obtained, enabling the study of different retinal cross-sectional images. Thickness maps were obtained after segmentation of retinal layers, which could be compared with those on follow-up. SD-OCT allowed the visualization of the cross-sectional retinal architecture at different horizontal positions. Superimposition of SD-OCT generated reconstructed fundus images with fundus photographs provided accurate images registration. Segmentation of retinal layers provided thickness maps and higher-density improved visualization of photoreceptor layer, cysts, and atrophy, which was useful in following change in disease activity over time. The researchers concluded that SD-OCT is a useful tool to study disease morphology and follow-up of chronic serpiginous choroiditis. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:S95-S98.]
Des champs aux cuisines
Authors: Beal Margot
Published: October 2019

Ce livre sur la domesticité rémunérée en France, du milieu du XIXe au milieu du XXe siècle, s’intéresse particulièrement aux cas du Rhône et de la Loire. D’inspiration féministe, il interroge la catégorie de « domestiques », fabriquée par l’État et le patronat français, comme moyen d’exploitation privilégié des femmes et des classes populaires. Il évoque les rémunérations, les conditions de travail et de vie, qu’il compare au reste du monde ouvrier et paysan. Il traite conjointement domesticité rurale et urbaine, hommes et femmes, dans un contexte économique varié (des bassins industriels et des villages agricoles). S’appuyant sur des sources judiciaires, administratives et privées, l’auteure s’attache à sortir du topos littéraire de la jeune domestique soumise et impuissante et retrace dans un style vif et clair des parcours de vie de domestiques tout en produisant des analyses originales à destination d’un large public.
Sustainable Waste Management Challenges in Sri Lanka
Authors: Basnayake B. F. A. , Ariyawansha R. T. K. , Karunarathna A. K. , Werahera S. M. , Mannapperuma N.
Published: October 2019

Sri Lanka faced many catastrophes in managing wastes because of human errors and climate change impacts. Consequently, government administrators with stakeholder participation drafted a comprehensive policy on all aspects of waste management and now requires planning processes in the national, provincial, and local authority levels. Evidenced-Based Interactive Database is under construction. It will be a platform for all actors to participate in managing all types of wastes, inclusive of quantity and quality of wastes. This chapter describes municipal solid waste management, including present status of technology applications with the emphasis on 3R to divert wastes from landfills. It contains reports on e-wastes collection programs and some processing, polythene recycling, hazardous wastes management, including healthcare wastes, disaster and construction and demolition wastes, informal sector and recyclers, economics of waste management, and case studies. Future directives are given with coupling of intended nationally determined contributions for sustainable waste management.
Municipal Waste Management in Turkey
Authors: Demir Ahmet , Basturk Adem , Ozkaya Bestami , Bilgili Mehmet Sinan
Published: October 2019

Due to geographical position at the crossroads between Middle East and Asia and Europe, Turkey has a significant role for neighbor developing countries in terms of economical and social growth. Since solid waste management system mainly depends on these factors, Turkey has been always comprehensive model for many developing countries with its management system. This chapter, consisting of eight sub-sections, evaluates the management of municipal solid waste in Turkey with current data from the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization and provides an overview of the development of waste management practices in Turkey. In addition to the future perspectives and planning, the current status, waste amount, waste characteristics, prevention studies, recycling and re-use applications, collection, treatment and disposal applications of municipal wastes, packaging wastes, and medical wastes are reported in this chapter.
A Geometric Dynamic Temporal Reasoning Method with Tags for Cognitive Systems
Authors: Xu Rui , Li Zhaoyu , Cui Pingyuan , Zhu Shengying , Gao Ai
Published: October 2019

Temporal reasoning is one of the cognitive capabilities humans involve in communicating with others and everything appears related because of temporal reference. Therefore, in this paper a geometric dynamic temporal reasoning algorithm is proposed to solve the temporal reasoning problem, especially in autonomous planning and scheduling. This method is based on the representation of actions in a two dimensional coordination system. The main advantage of this method over others is that it uses tags to mark new constraints added into the constraint network, which leads the algorithm to deal with pending constraints rather than all constraints. This characteristic makes the algorithm suitable for temporal reasoning, where variables and constraints are always added dynamically. This algorithm can be used not only in intelligent planning, but also computational intelligence, real-time systems, and etc. The results show the efficiency of our algorithm from four cases simulating the planning and scheduling process.
A User-Aware and Semantic Approach for Enterprise Search
Authors: Cabri Giacomo , Martoglia Riccardo
Published: October 2019

This article describes how in addition to general purposes search engines, specialized search engines have appeared and have gained their part of the market. An enterprise search engine enables the search inside the enterprise information, mainly web pages but also other kinds of documents; the search is performed by people inside the enterprise or by customers. This article proposes an enterprise search engine called AMBIT1-SE that relies on two enhancements: first, it is user-aware in the sense that it takes into consideration the profile of the users that perform the query; second, it exploits semantic techniques to consider not only exact matches but also synonyms and related terms. It performs two main activities: (1) information processing to analyse the documents and build the user profile and (2) search and retrieval to search for information that matches user's query and profile. An experimental evaluation of the proposed approach is performed on different real websites, showing its benefits over other well-established approaches.
Business Applications of Deep Learning
Authors: Vieira Armando
Published: October 2019

Deep Learning (DL) took Artificial Intelligence (AI) by storm and has infiltrated into business at an unprecedented rate. Access to vast amounts of data extensive computational power and a new wave of efficient learning algorithms, helped Artificial Neural Networks to achieve state-of-the-art results in almost all AI challenges. DL is the cornerstone technology behind products for image recognition and video annotation, voice recognition, personal assistants, automated translation and autonomous vehicles. DL works similarly to the brain by extracting high-level, complex abstractions from data in a hierarchical and discriminative or generative way. The implications of DL supported AI in business is tremendous, shaking to the foundations many industries. In this chapter, I present the most significant algorithms and applications, including Natural Language Processing (NLP), image and video processing and finance.
Knowledge-Based Support to the Treatment of Exceptions in Computer Interpretable Clinical Guidelines
Authors: Bottrighi Alessio , Leonardi Giorgio , Piovesan Luca , Terenziani Paolo
Published: October 2019

Clinical guidelines are one of the major tools that have been introduced to increase the rationalization of healthcare processes, granting both the quality and the standardization of healthcare services, and the minimization of costs. Computer interpretable clinical guidelines (CIGs) are widely adopted in order to assist practitioners in decision making, providing them evidence-based recommendations based on the best available medical knowledge. However, a main problem in CIG adoption is the fact that, in the medical context, some degree of uncertainty is often present. Thus, during guidelines executions on specific patients, unpredictable facts and conditions (henceforth called exceptions) may occur. A proper and immediate treatment of such exceptions is mandatory, but most of the current software systems coping with CIGs do not support it. In this paper, the authors describe how the GLARE system has been extended to deal with this purpose. They identify different types of exceptions, considering their “pre-locability” and “pre-plannability”. On the basis of such parameters, the authors propose different treatment modalities, consisting of both data structures to model the different types of exceptions, and the algorithms to treat them. The resulting methodology is an innovative one, integrating different Artificial Intelligence techniques (ranging from planning to ontology-based reasoning). Finally, they also discuss how they implemented their system-independent methodology on top of GLARE, and describe its application in the ROPHS project, considering the management of the severe trauma guideline.
Designing a Socially Open Narrative Generation System
Authors: Akimoto Taisuke , Ogata Takashi
Published: October 2019

The authors propose the design of a Socially Open Narrative Generation System (SONGS) that co-creates a collection of diverse narratives from a narrative generation program and people. This is a challenge of the social application of narrative generation technology used for vitalizing the social activity of producing and sharing narratives. The key idea is to connect and unify individual narrative productions by many agents, including a computer program and many humans, via a collection of narratives produced and accumulated by these agents. At the same time, SONGS is the practice of a computational approach to narratology as a model for the social process of narrative production. This chapter describes the key concepts and mechanism design of SONGS with several experimental programs.
Probabilistic Nodes Combination (PNC)
Authors: Jakóbczak Dariusz Jacek
Published: October 2019

The method of Probabilistic Nodes Combination (PNC) enables interpolation and modeling of two-dimensional curves using nodes combinations and different coefficients γ: polynomial, sinusoidal, cosinusoidal, tangent, cotangent, logarithmic, exponential, arc sin, arc cos, arc tan, arc cot or power function, also inverse functions. This probabilistic view is novel approach a problem of modeling and interpolation. Computer vision and pattern recognition are interested in appropriate methods of shape representation and curve modeling. PNC method represents the possibilities of shape reconstruction and curve interpolation via the choice of nodes combination and probability distribution function for interpolated points. It seems to be quite new look at the problem of contour representation and curve modeling in artificial intelligence and computer vision. Function for γ calculations is chosen individually at each curve modeling and it is treated as probability distribution function: γ depends on initial requirements and curve specifications.
Security Solutions for Intelligent and Complex Systems
Authors: Armstrong Stuart , Yampolskiy Roman V.
Published: October 2019

Superintelligent systems are likely to present serious safety issues, since such entities would have great power to control the future according to their possibly misaligned goals or motivation systems. Oracle AIs (OAI) are confined AIs that can only answer questions and do not act in the world, represent one particular solution to this problem. However even Oracles are not particularly safe: humans are still vulnerable to traps, social engineering, or simply becoming dependent on the OAI. But OAIs are still strictly safer than general AIs, and there are many extra layers of precautions we can add on top of these. This paper begins with the definition of the OAI Confinement Problem. After analysis of existing solutions and their shortcomings, a protocol is proposed aimed at making a more secure confinement environment which might delay negative effects from a potentially unfriendly superintelligence while allowing for future research and development of superintelligent systems.
Human Resources Management for Sustainable Sea Tourism
Authors: Duarte Isabel
Published: October 2019

This chapter proposes an analysis of the relationship between HRM and the sustainable development of organizations in the coastal and maritime tourism sector. Tourism has contributed to both GDP and employment increases, mainly in countries with coastal areas. Tourism growth in coastal and maritime areas negatively impacts the landscape and environment in the various coastal regions, raising pressures to go green. Two factors that have delayed the existence of comprehensive studies in this sector is the enormous diversity of activity areas covered and the pluridimensionality of this theme. The goal of green human resource management is to promote the performance of organizational environment through greater involvement and employee's commitment to the environment. This chapter develops and deepens the analysis of the relationship between green human resource management and the sustainable development of organizations in coastal and maritime tourism and environmental sustainability.
Some Experiences of Coastal Managing
Authors: Kovačić Mirjana Marija , Zekić Astrid
Published: October 2019

Croatia has more than a thousand islands, a small number of which are inhabited and provide for a good livelihood throughout the year. Some of the islands are only occasionally inhabited, while others are uninhabited and have no or poor traffic links. Nevertheless, the islands are resources of exceptional value to Croatia. To date, little has been done to tap their potential: their authenticity and development have been poorly protected and fostered, and even hindered. Sustainable development, the harmonious union of people and nature that ensures that natural resources are used only to limits that are neither threatening nor causing depletion, is particularly important for islands, which is why they require the highest level of environmental protection. To ensure this, only activities that do not conflict with these guidelines should be especially encouraged. This chapter proposes measures for revitalizing islands. The chapter identifies opportunities for furthering island development by implementing low energy model.
Nautical Tourism in the North Atlantic
Authors: Silveira Luís , Santos Norberto , Moreira Claudete Oliveira , Ferreira Rui
Published: October 2019

The archipelago of the Azores only recently (late 20th century) began to select tourism as one of the levers for the development of the territory. Although nature tourism is the main tourist product, other products have been determined to complement the territory's characteristics. Among them is nautical tourism, specifically yacht tourism. This tourism segment generates multiple economic opportunities, directly and indirectly. In the Azores, development of nautical tourism centered on the expansion and construction of marinas, providing seven of the nine islands with at least one such structure. Construction of the new marinas did not decrease the number of yachts and crew using the old ones. In fact, these numbers increased in practically all marinas and islands. Most yachtsmen are European, and an average of almost four people per yacht visit the Azores between April and October.
Morality and Contemporary Civilization
Authors: Yama Hiroshi
Published: October 2019

This chapter investigates if System 2 (analytic system) can revise or suppress the negative outputs of System 1 (intuitive system) by natural experiment in history. Two periods are picked up in this chapter: the 17th century when there was a decline in war, torture, cruel punishment, and religious persecution, and the time after World War II when there has been a decline in war, genocide, and violence with growing awareness of human rights. In short, the outputs associated with strong emotion are less likely to be revised, and an effective way for revision is to use a story to trigger the theory of mind in System 1. This is also discussed in the frame of distinction between deontic moral judgment and utilitarian moral judgment. Finally, it is proposed that a good story should be elaborated by System 2 and be prevailed so that it arises emotions (sympathy) of System 1 and drives people for the better-being future.
What Society Can and Cannot Learn From Coherence
Authors: Pfeifer Niki , Capotorti Andrea
Published: October 2019

Society is facing uncertainty on a multitude of domains and levels: usually, reasoning and decisions about political, economic, or health issues must be made under uncertainty. Among various approaches to probability, this chapter presents the coherence approach to probability as a method for uncertainty management. The authors explain the role of uncertainty in the context of important societal issues like legal reasoning and vaccination hesitancy. Finally, the chapter presents selected psychological factors which impact probabilistic representation and reasoning and discusses what society can and cannot learn from the coherence approach from theoretical and practical perspectives.
Does Role Playing Improve Moral Reasoning's Structures in Young Children?
Authors: Salvano-Pardieu Veronique , Olivrie Manon , Pennequin Valérie , Pulford Briony D.
Published: October 2019

This chapter presents a research on moral judgment with pre-school and first-year school children. This research promotes, through the use of mimes and role playing, the development of moral reasoning and its components such as Theory of Mind and Perspective Taking of the other. The authors wanted to develop in 5-year-old children the ability to understand the intent of the other in social interactions and moral judgment. According to the authors, if children learn taking into account the perspective of the others through role playing, they will improve their cognitive abilities involved in social interactions and will be more capable of developing Theory of Mind. This will lead them to adopt a more pro-social behavior. This research paves the way to new pedagogical perspectives by showing that developing mime, role playing, and argumentation with young children to explain conflict, impacts the “intention evaluation system”, the theory of mind and system 2 which is involved in rational and controlled reasoning.
Biomass association in specimens and interspecific hybrids of tomatoes
Authors: Zeist André Ricardo , Faria Marcos Ventura , Resende Juliano Tadeu Vilela , Gabriel André , Nonato Julio José , Santos Matheus Hermann dos
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study is to analyze the growth of wild species of tomato, of the cultivar Redenção and of the respective F1 hybrids of interspecific crossings. We evaluated six wild-type accessions (Solanum pimpinellifolium ‘AF 26970’, S. galapagense ‘LA-1401’, S. peruvianum ‘AF 19684’, S. habrochaites var. hirsutum ‘PI-127826’, S. habrochaites var. glabratum ‘PI-134417’, and S. pennellii ‘LA-716’) and the commercial cultivar Redenção (S. lycopersicum) together with their respective interspecific hybrids. In completely randomized blocks and plots subdivided by time (16, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days after transplanting), we evaluated leaf area (LA), total dry matter (TDM), absolute growth rate (AGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR). The distribution of assimilates in the different organs followed different patterns according to genotype. There was a greater accumulation of LA and TDM in the accessions ‘PI-127826’ and ‘PI-134417’ and in the hybrids ‘Redenção’ x ‘PI-127826’ and ‘Redenção’ x ‘PI-134417’. Due to a heterotrophic effect provided by the crossings, there were higher LA, TDM, AGR, RGR and NAR in hybrids than in parent plants. The accessions ‘PI-127826’ and ‘PI-134417’ presented a potential to be donor parents for obtaining tomatoes with a greater capacity of net assimilation and biomass accumulation.
Soil carbon accumulation in cotton production systems in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Ferreira Alexandre Cunha de Barcellos , Borin Ana Luiza Dias Coelho , Lamas Fernando Mendes , Bogiani Julio Cesar , Silva Mellissa Ananias Soler da , Silva Filho Joao Luis da , Staut Luiz Alberto
Published: October 2019

Sustainable production systems, such as the no-tillage system (NTS), have a tendency to increase organic carbon in the soil. However, in Brazilian cotton production, the conventional tillage system (CTS) is predominant, and long-term studies on cotton crop under the NTS are scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil management and crop rotation systems on the cotton fiber yield as well as on the carbon and nitrogen accumulation in the soil. This study was conducted in the Brazilian savanna over 9 years and consisted of the following four treatments with different soil management systems: the NTS and CTS with the succession or rotation of crops (cotton, soybean, maize, and Urochloa ruziziensis). The NTS increased the carbon content by 55% in the top 5 cm after 9 years and increased the carbon stock by approximately 20% at a depth of up to 40 cm. Crop rotation with soybean, maize, and cotton was insufficient to increase the carbon stock in the soil under the CTS. In addition to increasing the fiber yield, the cotton crop in a NTS rotated with soybean + U. ruziziensis and with maize + U. ruziziensis increases the carbon stock and nitrogen content in soil.
Physiological analysis and gene expression analysis of ZmDBP3, ZmALDH9, ZmAN13, and ZmDREB2A in maize lines
Authors: Marques Thaís Lima , Pinho Renzo Garcia Von , Pinho Édila Vilela de Resende Von , Paniago Bruno da Costa , Freitas Natália Chagas , Santos Heloisa Oliveira dos
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate gene expression related to water deficit tolerance in maize lines. For this, lines previously classified as tolerant (91-T and 32-T) and non-tolerant (24-NT and 57-NT) to water deficit were used. The seeds of the four lines were evaluated for emergence and emergence speed index, and the seedlings were evaluated for root and shoot length under two conditions of water availability (70 and 10% substrate water retention capacity). In transcript analysis, the expression of several genes associated with water deficit tolerance, ZmDBP3, ZmALDH9, ZmAN13, and ZmDREB2A, was evaluated by qRT-PCR for the 91-T and 57-NT lines. It can be concluded that soil water deficiency did not reduce root development. However, the shoot length was significantly lower under dry conditions. Through transcript analysis, the genes ZmDBP3 and ZmAN13 were identified as potential markers for the early selection of maize lines tolerant to water deficit.
Soil water content and net precipitation spatial variability in an Atlantic forest remnant
Authors: Rodrigues André Ferreira , Mello Carlos Rogério de , Terra Marcela de Castro Nunes Santos , Silva Vinicius Oliveira , Pereira Gustavo Alves , Silva Renato Antônio da
Published: October 2019

This study was carried out in an Atlantic forest remnant in Southeastern Brazil and aimed to spatially model the soil water content (SWC) and net precipitation (NP) on a monthly time scale and to assess the spatial behavior of these hydrological variables in the different seasons. NP is defined by summing throughfall and stemflow, which have been collected after each rain event and accumulated monthly. Soil moisture measurements were carried out monthly up to a depth of 1.00 m and then integrated to obtain the SWC. The exponential semivariogram model was fitted for both hydrological variables, and the goodness-of-fit was assessed by a cross-validation procedure, spatial dependence degree (SDD) and spatial dependence index (SDI). This model provided adequate performance for SWC and NP mapping according to the cross-validation statistics. Based on the SDD, both variables have been classified as a ‘strong spatial dependence structure’. Nevertheless, when the SDI was assessed, NP showed less spatial dependence, while the SWC maintained almost the same performance. Kriging maps pictured the regional climate seasonality due to higher values of both variables in spring and summer than in autumn and winter seasons. However, correlations between NP and SWC are not expressive in the studied period.
ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA DO MÉTODO DE APLICAÇÃO DA CURA NA RESISTÊNCIA DO CONCRETO
Authors: Figueiredo Camila do Mont , Araujo Murilo Aziz , Barboza Lucas da Silva , Sartorti Artur Lenz
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar experimentalmente o comportamento da resistência à compressão e a retração plástica do concreto, sofrendo três situações distintas de cura: às mesmas condições de cura realizadas na laje do 7° pavimento de uma obra na cidade de Campinas-SP, sem cura, e com cura submersa. O concreto utilizado para o experimento deste trabalho foi elaborado em central de dosagem, transportado e misturado através de caminhão betoneira. Para sua caracterização mecânica foram moldados 28 corpos de prova adensados manualmente, que foram ensaiados aos 3, 7 e 28 dias. Os resultados dos ensaios de resistência à compressão aos 28 dias estão apresentados de forma decrescente: cura submersa, cura executada na obra e sem cura. Os resultados dos ensaios de resistência à compressão apresentaram-se conforme o esperado. Para avalição da retração plástica foram moldadas 3 placas, que foram submetidas às mesmas condições de cura dos corpos de prova. A análise qualitativa das placas mostrou que apenas a placa que estava sob as mesmas condições de cura da laje apresentou um leve mapeamento, sendo que os demais tipos de cura não apresentaram diferenças significativas.
O ESTADO DA ARTE DA DIGESTÃO ANAERÓBIA DE SORO DE LEITE E DE DEJETOS DA SUINOCULTURA PARA PRODUÇÃO DE BIOGÁS
Authors: Machado Letícia Ribeiro , Ferrarez Adriano Henrique , Junior Jader Lugon , Alves Fernando César
Published: October 2019

Os setores de lácteos e da suinocultura, dentre as atividades agroindustriais, apresentam forte presença na economia brasileira. O soro de leite, resíduo originário da fabricação de queijos, e os dejetos suínos possuem carga orgânica elevada e a gestão inadequada deles, provoca a poluição do ar, comprometem rios e lençóis de água superficiais que abastecem tanto o meio rural como o urbano acarretando desequilíbrios ecológicos, disseminação de patógenos e contaminação das águas potáveis com amônia, nitratos e outros componentes tóxicos. Uma das alternativas de se tratar esses e outros tipos de resíduos se dá por meio do processo biológico na ausência de oxigênio. Neste trabalho foi realizada revisão de literatura para avaliar o estado da arte da digestão anaeróbia considerando esses efluentes como forma de gerenciamento e tratamento, com vista à geração e aproveitamento energético do biogás. Foram produzidos dados bibliométricos para identificação das datas e locais em que as pesquisas foram realizadas assim como os periódicos científicos em que foram publicadas.
Studies on the Preparation and Application of Tetramethylsilylcellulose from Rain Tree Sawdust
Authors: Wongchompoo Worranun , Buntem Radchada , Kanthamoon Thanatcha
Published: October 2019

The upcycling process of agricultural waste for cellulose production has been attempted. In this study, cellulose was extracted from sawdust of the rain tree using 4% (w/v) NaOH solution. 1.5 g of extracted cellulose was soaked in water and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) respectively. The soaked cellulose was dissolved in dimethylacetamide/LiCl and reacted with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) yielding tetramethylsilylcellulose (TMSC). The IR spectrum shows the presence of-Si (CH3)3 groups: νSi-O at 1047 cm-1, νC-Si at 1252, 843 and 750 cm-1. The 1H-NMR result confirms the presence of-Si (CH3)3 groups at  0 ppm and pyranose ring protons in the range of 2.8-4.5 ppm. SEM image of TMSC shows the fibrous characteristics of cellulose while the EDX shows the presence of Si. The degree of substitution (DS) values calculated from FT-IR and EDX data are 2.33 and 2.08 respectively. 1.0% w/v TMSC solution in THF was prepared. A Small piece (2.0 cm x 4.0 cm) of filter paper was dipped into the TMSC solution for 30 min. The coated paper has an average contact angle of 116o. However the characteristic bands of the TMSC were not observed from FT-IR analysis. While the EDX shows the presence of Si on the paper surface..
Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of Metal Complexes with Ruhemann’s Purple Compounds Calculated Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Promkatkaew Malinee , Boonsri Pornthip , Hannongbua Supa
Published: October 2019

Structural and spectroscopic properties of Ruhemann’s purple (RP) and its transition metal coordination complexes were calculated using theoretical chemistry techniques. The obtained information described RP and its coordination complexes with the transition metal ions [Cr(II), Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II)]. The procedures involved calculations of what are called density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). These methods optimized what is called, in the codes of theoretical chemistry, the hybrid density B3LYP function employing the 6‐311++G(d,p) and LANL2DZ basis sets. The RP geometries, bond lengths, angles, quantum chemical parameters, and excitation spectra indicate that the RP is well able to coordinate with a transition element ion. Then the correlation of these theoretical results with experimental observations provides a detailed description of the structural and spectroscopic properties of RP compounds. The inclusion of solvent effects causes a blue shift in all theoretical excitation spectra. In summary, this work leads to an understanding of the characteristics of transition metal complexes with Ruhemann’s purple. These materials can be applied in forensic chemistry as reagents in developing latent fingerprints.
Color Masking of Betel Nut Extract Using Encapsulation Technology for Nutricosmeceutical Applications
Authors: Thepwatee Sukanya , Adam Panida , Boonpongha Pimsiri , Suktham Kunat , Ketchart Onuma , Jangkena Saowaluk , Iemsam-Arng Jayanant
Published: October 2019

In this work, encapsulation technology—nanoemulsions (NEs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs)—was applied for color masking of betel nut extract for oral and skin applications. Types and extents of surfactant and lipid as well as homogenization process showed essential roles on physical properties of the encapsulated betel nut extract. Comparing to solution of betel nut extract in methanol, the degree of lightness of the optimized NE and NLC formulations improved more than 44 time compared to unencapsulated formulation. The optimized NE and NLC were most stable at 25 °C. Extreme storage conditions of 4 and 45 °C resulted in phase separation and color change, respectively. However, total phenolic and antioxidant activity were found stable during the stability test in all storage conditions. This work has shown a great potential use of nanoencapsulation technology in color masking plus maintain activities of betel nut extract for food as well as cosmetic application.
Promotion of Osteoblast Proliferation Activated by Betaglucan (BG) Derived from Yeast Sludge
Authors: Rujanant Supatsara , Lee Woo Kul , Kongruang Sasithorn
Published: October 2019

In tissue engineering, biomaterials used for bone tissue substitutes attract increasing interests, especially for finding biologically active compounds that can activate proliferation of osteoblastic MG63 cells. The evaluation of the impact of a soluble yeast-derived β-(1-3), (1-6)-D-glucan (BG) extracted from distillery waste yeast sludge on viability and proliferation of MG63 cells was studied. Spray dried BG prepared from alkaline extraction was used as supplementary activator in osteoblastic cell culture system. The composition of BG was characterized using FTIR spectral analysis and BG analysis assay kit. MG63 human osteoblast cell-line was cultured on Dulbecco’s modified’s medium supplemented with various concentrations of BG ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/mL. The cells were cultured up to 7 days under a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37°C and monitored the level of proliferation at pre-determined intervals. Results showed that increase in BG concentration substantially promoted MG63 cell proliferation. Optimal concentration was identified and found at 0.3 - 0.7 mg/mL. Results revealed that BG could be further utilized for the upregulation of osteoblastic proliferation positively related to the acceleration of bone regeneration.
The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposite Films Composed of Poly(Lactic Acid) with Spent Coffee Grounds
Authors: Suaduang Nattawut , Ross Sukunya , Ross Gareth M. , Pratumshat Supatra , Mahasaranon Sararat
Published: October 2019

The aim of this research was to prepare and characterize biocomposite films from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with spent coffee grounds (SCG). PLA can be derived from renewable resources. The SCG component consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and coffee oil 10.98%. SCG can simultaneously act as plasticizer and filler in the composites that can enhance the mixing process. The PLA/SCG biocomposite films were processed by a twin-screw extruder and blow film extruder. They were prepared by using various SCG concentrations (0%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of SCG). The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) results showed that the PLA matrix with SCG was miscible and had the SCG was well good distributed. Elongation at break was increased, when the amount of SCG was increased, with the results of PLA and PLA/SCG 10% being 5.07% and 6.63% respectively, while hardness, brittleness and tensile strength decreased. UV-vis spectrophotometric measurement of PLA/SCG biocomposite films showed a considerable reduction in transmission of all UV wavelengths (UV-A, -B and -C) and visible light with increasing SCG content. Hence, in this research, SCG can be used as filler in PLA films in order to produce biodegradable films and developed as agricultural film products. The PLA/SCG biocomposite films have shown good properties and are environmentally friendly.
Long-term hydrological dynamics of Canada's largest watershed: climate controls on water quantity of the Mackenzie River Basin
Authors: Bringué M , Galloway J
Published: October 2019

The Mackenzie River Basin (MRB) is one of the largest cold-water, intact boreal ecosystems in the world and has unique Earth-system's processes associated with sea ice formation, global circulation of deep ocean currents, carbon storage, and biogeochemical
cycling.The stability and integrity of the unique cryospheric, hydrologic, ecologic, and climatological processes of the MRB are threatened by cumulative impacts of climate change (the highest degree of warming has occurred there) and natural resource development.
Is water quantity in the MRB affected by synoptic-scale climate phenomena? What could the impacts of that natural variability be combined with 21st. c climate change on ecosystem services of the MRB?
Permafrost geochemistry
Authors: Gammon P
Published: October 2019

Permafrost geochemistry: Our limited understanding of process-based geochemistry within permafrost terrains represents a substantial knowledge gap that undermines environmental risk assessment in Canada's permafrost terrains. This activity aims to address this
knowledge gap.
Environmental Risk: Building of the Inuvik to TuktoyaktukHighway (ITH) from 2014-2017 has generated solute release that represents an environmental risk. This proposal aims to determine the environmental geochemistry (i.e. source, transport mechanisms, receiving environment) of this solute release
and thus generate knowledge to help quantify this specific environmental risk, and in general build knowledge of the environmental risks of infrastructure development within permafrost terrains.
Seasonal Hydrology: The role of hydrology, and particularly the seasonality of groundwater hydrology, in solute mobilisation, movement and fixation is virtually unknown for permafrost terrains. Active hydrological cycle processes will be investigated in this project to determine their relationship
to process geochemistry.
Volcanic mercury contribution to the global mercury budget
Authors: Outridge P M
Published: October 2019

Most of Canada's Hg comes from global sources, both natural and anthropogenic;
1000s of CDNs impacted by Hg in wild fish & marine mammals;
Large uncertainties re natural sources to global atmosphere;
Impacts reliability of global budget and modeling;
Project will measure Icelandic volcanic Hg fluxes, and understand geological/geochemical controls;
Part of planned multinational consortium led by Sanei(Denmark).
Assessment of non-saline aquifers and potential impacts of oil and gas development activities, including induced seismicity, on these aquifers in the Fox Creek area (AB)
Authors: Rivard C
Published: October 2019

Environmental concerns related to unconventional resource development have arisen in the last decade. These concerns are notably related to water contamination and depletion, and induced seismicity, and they were largely related to hydraulic fracturing (HF). The
Fox Creek area, in Alberta, was selected for this study because it is one of the most active regions for unconventional resource production in Canada, with growing demands for water supply.
The objective of this project is to study potential impacts of hydrocarbon development in a very active production area. The project will include non-saline aquifer characterization, drilling of several monitoring wells, a study of the mechanisms that could affect pressures in shallow aquifers
during HF and re-injection, an analysis of the influence of induced seismic events on shallow aquifers through co-monitoring of seismicity, water levels and physico-chemical parameters, coupled surface water / groundwater water numerical models, a geomechanicalmodel, as well as detailed groundwater
geochemical analyses that will include multiple isotopes. The acquired knowledge will allow for an evaluation of current water management practices and policies regarding unconventional resource development, especially HF and deep wastewater injection.
Environmental Impacts of permafrost degradation
Authors: Duchesne M J
Published: October 2019

Permafrost underlies approximately 50% of the Canadian landmass and is found in offshore areas beneath the Arctic shelf. Permafrost is warming at depth through taliks, along faults and methane leakage maybe enhanced from historical exploration wells and is
also degrading in some areas as the surface active layer is thickening. As permafrost warms and degrades, contaminants including heavy metals, trapped greenhouse gases and saline pore fluids are being naturally released into the environment and the liberation of organic carbon through permafrost
degradation stimulates microbial activity. Recent estimates also suggest that permafrost represents the largest global reservoir of mercury, with active pathways for migration and uptake in the food web. This project is striving to assess the environmental implications of warming terrestrial,
coastal and offshore permafrost and therefore provide a baseline to better appraise the environmental consequences of resource development. Active permafrost-related geological processes and their impacts on the environment will be assessed using a broad and various suit of geophysical, sampling and
monitoring techniques. Key outcomes will include; 1) improved and adapted environmental practices for resource development projects in permafrost settings allowing industry to follow safer and more cost efficient practices and regulators to better appraise development projects, 2) improved
environmental assessment of cumulative effects of resource development, and 3) assessment of permafrost environmental considerations within the broad context of human health.
Fluid storage and circulation in carbonates
Authors: Larmagnat S
Published: October 2019

Conventional methods applied to oil and gas reservoir are revisited to address fluid flow and fluid storage capacity in carbonates in a Silurian succession in the Lower St. Lawrence area. With this case study, research activities compile key geological attributes
(porosity, permeability, thermal conductivity) data and reconstruct the timing of diagenetic fluids circulation (creating or occluding porosity). The main goal is to understand how a conventional reservoir characterization would applied to geothermal development in a low temperature
context.
Erratum: Rethinking disability: The need to rethink representation
Authors: Procter Jenna-Lee
Published: October 2019

No abstract available.
Numbering Systems for End Mills
Authors:   Motor Vehicle Council
Published: October 2019

This SAE Recommended Practice provides a systematic method for the identification of End Mills. It is intended to assist in the cataloging and supplying of these tools.

NOTE 1— Caution must be taken when assigning codes for designation to prevent specifying cutting tools that cannot be physically or economically manufactured.

NOTE 2— In particular without limitation, SAE disclaims all responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of information contained within this report if the standards of this report are retrieved, combined, or used in connection with any software.
Domestic Performance Torque Converter Manufacturing
Authors:   Motor Vehicle Council
Published: October 2019

The scope of this SAE Draft Technical Report is to establish dimensional standards for high-performance domestic torque converter manufacturers. Many torque converter manufacturers build converters to their own standards. Some of these standards may be outside of the specifications that define a quality performance torque converter.
Ride Index Structure and Development Methodology
Authors:   Vehicle Dynamics Standards Committee
Published: October 2019

This recommended practice defines methods for the measurement of periodic, random and transient whole-body vibration. It indicates the principal factors that combine to determine the degree to which a vibration exposure will cause discomfort. Informative appendices indicate the current state of knowledge and provide guidance on the possible effects of motion and vibration on discomfort. The frequency range considered is 0.5 Hz to 80 Hz. This recommended practice also defines the principles of preferred methods of mounting transducers for determining human exposure. This recommended practice is applicable to light passenger vehicles (e.g., passenger cars and light trucks). This recommended practice is applicable to motions transmitted to the human body as a whole through the buttocks, back and feet of a seated occupant, as well as through the hands of a driver.

This recommended practice offers a method for developing a ride performance index but does not specifically describe how to apply this index to assessment or comparison of specific vehicles.
Arbeidstijden moeten met de tijd mee! Schets van een wenkend perspectief?
Authors: Jansen Ben
Published: October 2019

Het gros van de arbeidstijden in Nederland kenmerkt zich nog steeds door het '9 tot 5' patroon. Het is een praktijk die, qua vorm, in feite teruggaat naar het begin van de Industriële Revolutie midden 18de eeuw. Inmiddels is de samenleving ingrijpend gewijzigd. En met
de huidige turbulente ontwikkelingen worden de eerste haarscheurtjes in het bolwerk van de traditionele arbeidstijden zichtbaar. Het is de hoogste tijd voor duurzame, flexibele en 'culture proof' arbeidstijden! Maar wie neemt het voortouw en hoe? In deze bijdrage wordt een schets gegeven van
de ontwikkelingen rond arbeidstijden door de jaren heen. In het laatste deel komen daarbij de trends aan de orde die maken dat het echt anders moet. En kan, zo wordt in het laatste deel van het artikel uiteengezet.