bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diffusion of Chloride Ions in Ultra High Performance Concrete
Authors: Dobiáš Daniel , Pernicová Radka
Published: June 2015

The article is dealing with study of chloride ions diffusion in ultra-high performance concrete UHPC, which might be potentially dangerous. Life of concrete structures, in particular in transport sector is jeopardized by risk of steel reinforcement corrosion with regards to exposure of the concrete surface to direct impact of de-icing salts. Measured data were examined in relation to the depth of penetration of chloride ions into the concrete structure. Experiment results proved that UHPC concretes are more resistant to penetration of chlorides than normal strength concretes.
Design of Flat Slabs Height
Authors: Fillo Ľudovít , Labudková Jana , Hanzel Ján
Published: June 2015

Results of latest experiments have revealed that the maximum punching resistance defined from crushing of concrete struts at the perimeter of a column is an insufficient criterion for limitation of maximum shear forces at the vicinity of the columns. Therefore further limitation has been recommended by CEN TC250 SC2 and introduced in STN EN 1992-1-1/NA [1]. The paper will deal with the new requirements concerning the maximum punching shear resistance, based on the kmax factor and design of min flat slabs height.
Impact Testing of Concrete Using a Drop-Weight Impact Machine
Authors: Rehacek Stanislav , Hunka Petr , Citek David , Kolisko Jiří , Simunek Ivo
Published: June 2015

Fibre-reinforced composite materials are becoming important in many areas of technological application. In addition to the static load, such structures may be stressed with short-term dynamic loads or even dynamic impact loads during their lifespan. Impact loading of structural components produces a complex process, where both the characteristics of the design itself and the material parameters influence the resultant behavior. It is clear that fibre reinforced concrete has a positive impact on increasing of the resistance to impact loads. Results of two different impact load tests carried out on drop-weight test machine are presented in this report.
The Influence of Age and Temperature on the Bond Behaviour between Prestressing Strands and UHPC
Authors: Citek David , Mandlík Tomáš , Kolisko Jiří , Vitek Jan L. , Rehacek Stanislav
Published: June 2015

Applications of precast elements made of UHPC have been increasing in recent years. Also in the Czech Republic, UHPC can be found as a structural material in first applications in both, buildings and transport structural engineering. Structures made from this modern material required experimental programs verification of material properties and also for determination of behaviour of structural elements. In previous research of the bond of UHPC and various types of reinforcement was proven to be very good, which makes it possible to reduce radically anchorage lengths. This paper deals in more detail with determination of the bond of prestressing strands and UHPC, during the first week after casting, in particular. For prestressing of precast elements, there are very important short-time strengths and short-time bond is showing to be a decisive factor for optimum prestressing time. Second part of the paper is focused on impact of thermal stress on bond of prestressing strands and UHPC. Samples were subjected to the cycling heat/frost and effect of a number of cycles on final bond behaviour of both UHPC and ordinary concrete were investigated. The article describes differences between ordinary concrete and UHPC.
Mechanical Properties of Cement Composites with Alternative Binders
Authors: Šeps Karel , Broukalova Iva
Published: June 2015

The paper refers to previous research in the field recycling and reuse of secondary raw materials. It deals with utilization of micro-grounded recycled material and fly-ash as a partial substitution of Portland cement in cementitious composites. Six sets of test specimens with varying recipe were prepared for testing of mechanical properties. Flexural strength was tested on specimens 40x40x160 mm and then compression strength was measured on fragments from flexural tests. Results of tests are presented and discussed.
Testing of Concrete and Fibre Reinforced Concrete in Uniaxial Tension
Authors: Tipka Martin , Vaskova Jitka
Published: June 2015

The paper deals with an investigation of tensile properties of concrete and fibre reinforced concrete using the test in uniaxial tension. This arrangement is technically more difficult compared to the commonly used bending test, but allows easier determination of strength-deformation parameters of material. The advantage of the test is the possibility of direct analysis of the post-peak part of the stress-strain diagram in tension. The article describes the recommended test arrangement and analyzes methodology of loading. Attention is focused on the critical phase of the loading process and subsequent evaluation of results. In the experimental research was compared strength and corresponding strain of specific fibre reinforced concrete, obtained in three-point and four-point bending test, and the uniaxial tension test. The results of this comparative study are presented in the conclusion.
Numerical Simulation of Cohesion Influence of Textile Reinforcement on Bending Performance of Plates Prepared from High Performance Concrete (HPC)
Authors: Vlach Tomáš , Chira Alexandru , Laiblová Lenka , Fiala Ctislav , Novotná Magdaléna , Hájek Petr
Published: June 2015

Demand for very thin concrete elements, which can’t be reinforced with usually used steel reinforcement, gave rise to a new type of non-traditional reinforcement with technical textiles in matrix of epoxy resin. This type of reinforcement together with concrete is called textile reinforced concrete (TRC). Composite reinforcement is very chemically resistant, so the concrete cover is proposed to regard the durability. It allows a significant saving of concrete and design of thinner elements. For TRC structures is used high performance concrete (HPC) with its fine grained structure and high compressive strength. Textile reinforcement and TRC in general are developed at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and the Klokner Institute, CTU in Prague.
Experimental Analysis of the Proposed High-Strength Concrete
Authors: Suchánek Vladimír , Radouš Michal
Published: June 2015

This article deals with the description and evaluation of experimental work carried out by the Department of Transport Structures of Jan Perner Transport Faculty, University of Pardubice in the laboratory facilities of the Training and Research Centre in Transport.This is design of high-strength concrete according to three recipes using two different approaches in the design of concrete.The article also describes results of test bodies made of fresh and hardened concrete.
Construction of the First Footbridge Made of UHPC in the Czech Republic
Authors: Koukolík Petr , Vítek Jan L. , Brož Robert , Coufal Robert , Kalny Milan , Komanec Jan , Kvasnička Vaclav
Published: June 2015

Footbridge over the Labe River in Celakovice is a cable stayed structure with the main span 156 m long. It is designed for pedestrians, cyclists and also a light utility vehicle may pass over the footbridge. Until now, the footbridge has a record span of the cable stayed structure in the Czech Republic. The ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) was first applied for the load carrying structure on the footbridge at the Czech Republic. The pylons are made of steel and the stays are made of locked coil strands. Since no obligatory codes were available for the design of structures made of UHPC, the extensive experimental verification of material parameters and structural elements was necessary.
Application of Probabilistic Methods for the Assessment of Structural Load Bearing Capacity
Authors: Doležel Jiří , Šomodíková Martina , Lehký David , Novák Drahomír
Published: June 2015

The paper presents the application of methodology for the assessment of reliability and structural load bearing capacity using advanced methods of probabilistic FEM analysis in combination with mathematical modelling of degradation processes of concrete and reinforcement. The durability, serviceability and ultimate limit states are assessed. The authors deal with the validation of load bearing capacity of the bridge on the 3rd class road built in the 1st quarter of 20th century in the Czech Republic. Regarding the reliability requirements according to Standards and, considering the current state of the structure, the actual value of load bearing capacity is assessed. By reason of the time-consuming FEM analyses the stratified Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method is used for generation of input random variables.
Design and Evaluation of the Method of Parameterization of the Force-Deflection Diagram of FRC
Authors: Kovar Martin , Foglar Marek
Published: June 2015

Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) has mechanical properties that enhance its suitability for use in structures subjected to high strain rates, e.g. blast or impact loading. The fracture energy value is the decisive material characteristic for assessing the damage to concrete structures due to loadings with high strain rates. An analytical description of the force-deflection diagram of FRC can be a very efficient instrument for making a preliminary estimate of the fracture and mechanical properties of FRC. On the basis of our experiments and experiments from other authors, a tool for an analytical description of the force-deflection diagram for various strength classes, fiber types, etc. is proposed and evaluated.
Effective Pain Management and Improvements in Patients’ Outcomes and Satisfaction
Authors: Glowacki Diane
Published: June 2015

Adequate pain management is a compelling and universal requirement in health care. Despite considerable advancements, the adverse physiological and psychological implications of unmanaged pain remain substantially unresolved. Ineffective pain management can lead to a marked decrease in desirable clinical and psychological outcomes and patients’ overall quality of life. Effective management of acute pain results in improved patient outcomes and increased patient satisfaction. Although research and advanced treatments in improved practice protocols have documented progressive improvements in management of acute and postoperative pain, little awareness of the effectiveness of best practices persists. Improved interventions can enhance patients’ attitudes to and perceptions of pain. What a patient believes and understands about pain is critical in influencing the patient’s reaction to the pain therapy provided. Use of interdisciplinary pain teams can lead to improvements in patients’ pain management, pain education, outcomes, and satisfaction.
Ball sampling, a novel method to detect Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in hemlock (Pinaceae)
Authors: Fidgen Jeffrey G. , Whitmore Mark C. , Turgeon Jean J.
Published: June 2015

Detection of the exotic hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in the crown of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (Linnaeus) Carrière (Pinaceae), relies mainly on two techniques: (1) sampling of branches from the lower half of the crown using pole pruners; and, (2) visual examinations of accessible foliage from the ground. As a result, infestations starting elsewhere than the lower crown may be missed because the upper crown is out of reach for both techniques. We developed a novel technique called ball sampling, and evaluated its sensitivity at detecting a range of A. tsugae ovisac densities as estimated by pole pruning branch tips of T. canadensis. We launched racquet balls covered with VELCRO® patches of hooks through branches and examined them for the presence of wool produced by A. tsugae. Ball sampling was as effective as pole pruning at detecting infestations in individual trees. If A. tsugae abundance on branches was ⩾0.1 per 10 cm of twig length, as estimated by branch-tip sampling, ball sampling always detected wool in 10 or fewer samples. This technique has the potential to improve detectability of A. tsugae infestations because it can effectively access foliage that is typically inaccessible to other ground-based detection tools.
The Working Class Hero: Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Mastron Nicholas
Published: June 2015

No abstract available.
Serodetection of Ehrlichia canis amongst dogs in central Namibia
Authors: Manyarara Rutendo , Tubbesing Ulf , Soni Minty , Noden Bruce H.
Published: June 2015

Ehrlichia canis is a major pathogen in dogs throughout Africa, yet it has not been reported in Namibia. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of canine ehrlichiosis in central Namibia using the ImmunoComb assay (Biogal, Galed Laboratories). The study included 76 dogs that presented to the Rhino Park Veterinary Clinic in the north-western suburb of Khomasdal, Windhoek, Namibia, as well as 30 stray dogs from the Windhoek branch of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Of the 106 dogs tested, 53.8% were seropositive at titres 1:80. Dogs that presented with symptoms of E. canis infection had a significantly higher seroprevalence (86.6%) compared with apparently healthy dogs (41.6%) (P = 0.00). Location of habitation was significant (P 0.017), with a high percentage of dogs exposed to E. canis living in the northern or north-western part of Windhoek. As the first study to serologically establish E. canis as a major pathogen in dogs in central Namibia, it is notable that the highest proportion of seropositive dogs came from low-income areas. Further investigation is necessary to describe the ecology of this important tick-borne pathogen of companion animals in Namibia.
Prevalence of salivary gland hypertrophy syndrome in laboratory colonies and wild flies of Glossina pallidipes in Ethiopia
Authors: Yimer Mahder M. , Bula Dereje G. , Tesama Tsegabirhan K. , Tadesse Kassaw A. , Abera Birhanu H.
Published: June 2015

Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hyperplasia (GpSGH) syndrome caused by the salivary gland hyperplasia virus reduces the reproduction potential of tsetse flies, posing a serious threat for rearing of sufficient colonies for use of tsetse and trypanosome control using the sterile insect technique. This research was conducted in the Kaliti Tsetse Mass Rearing and Irradiation Centre in Ethiopia with the objective of studying the prevalence of GpSGH syndrome in laboratory colonies of G. pallidipes (Tororo and Arbaminch) reared for release in the implementation of the sterile insect technique and a field strain of G. pallidipes Arbaminch. Presence or absence of GpSGH was determined when pathological features of the salivary gland were revealed after dissection. The overall prevalence of GpSGH syndrome in laboratory colonies was 48.3% (747/1548) with a statistically significant (z = 17.30, p = 0.001) prevalence of 70.2% (544/775) in Arbaminch colonies and 26.26% (203/773) in Tororo colonies. The prevalence of GpSGH in laboratory flies fed according to the clean blood feeding protocol was 68.9% and 22.4% in Arbaminch and Tororo strains respectively. It was 70.5% and 27.2% respectively in laboratory colonies of Arbaminch and Tororo strains fed according to the standard membrane feeding protocol. The difference in prevalence of the disease between the two feeding protocols was not statistically significant in either Arbaminch (z = 0.361, p = 0.359) or Tororo (z = 1.22, p = 0.111) strains. The prevalence of SGH in wild G. pallidipes Arbaminch strain was 3% (15/500) and was significantly (z = 23.61, p < 0.001) lower than in the laboratory strain. The effect of age and density-related stress on the development of GpSGH was not statistically significant. The prevalence of GpSGH in the newly emerging (teneral) flies in the laboratory colonies was 66.7% and 20% in the Arbaminch and Tororo strains respectively. For all considered risk factors, the prevalence was much higher in G. pallidipes Arbaminch laboratory colonies.
Reconstructing a Deuteronomistic Athaliah in the (South) African context: A critique of the patriarchal perception of women
Authors: Mtshiselwa Ndikhokele
Published: June 2015

Angie Motshekga, the president of the Women�s League of the ruling African National Congress (ANC 2014), is reported to have said that �South Africa is not ready to have a female president ...� What is perturbing about her statement is the presupposition that South-African society perceives women as presently incapable of leading the country as president. Given the variety of literature on female empowerment in South Africa, Motshekga�s statement comes both as a disappointment and a disempowering assertion as it does not exhibit a clear attempt to address patriarchy. This article re-interprets the character of Athaliah in 2 Kings 11 and probes it for the empowering possibility that it offers the women of South Africa. It argues that Athaliah was a politically astute queen and that the scarcity of female rulers in ancient Israel confirms the patriarchal bias against women. Thus, drawing from the reconstructed character of Athaliah and from the leadership demonstrated by selected women politicians against a patriarchal paradigm that is part of African cultures, the article submits that the perception of women as capable of leading South Africa as president is justified.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The present article partly responds to Angie Motshekga�s statement that �South Africa is not ready to have a female president ...� Thus, drawing from the insight in the fields of the Old Testament, social sciences and gender studies, this article submits that the perception that women are capable of leading South Africa as president is warranted.
Lesθ-régulateurs locaux d'un nombre algébrique : Conjecturesp-adiques
Authors: Gras Georges
Published: June 2015

Let K/ℚ be Galois and let η K×be such that Reg∞(η)=0 .We define the local θ–regulatorfor the ℚp–irreducible characters θ of G = Gal(Kℚ). Let Vθbe the θ-irreducible representation. A linear representationis associated withwhose nullity is equivalent to δ≥1. Eachyields Regθpmodulopin the factorizationof(normalizedp–adic regulator). From Probf≥ 1 is a residue degree) and the Borel–Cantelli heuristic, we conjecture that for p large enough, RegGp(η) is ap–adic unit(a single with f = δ=1); this obstruction may be led assuming the existence of a binomial probability law confirmed through numerical studies (groups C3, C5, D6) is conjecture would imply that for all p large enough, Fermat quotients, normalized p–adic regulators are p–adic units and that number fields are p-rational.We recall some deep cohomological results that may strengthen such conjectures.
Структура разложимых редуцированных ветвящихся процессов. II. Функциональные предельные теоремы
Authors: Vatutin Vladimir Alekseevich
Published: June 2015

Рассматривается строго критический разложимый ветвящийся процесс Гальтона-Ватсона с $N$ типами частиц,
занумерованными символами $1,2,…,N$, в котором частицы типа $i$ могут производить потомков лишь типов $j\ge i$. Доказаны функциональные предельные теоремы, описывающие структуру редуцированного процесса, порожденного исходным процессом, а также найдены распределения момента рождения ближайшего общего предка всех частиц, существующих в популяции в далекий момент $n$, и типа частицы, являющейся ближайшим общим предком.
Об уточнении одношаговых оценок Фишера в случае медленно сходящихся предварительных оценок
Authors: Linke Yuliana Yurievna
Published: June 2015

Приводится алгоритм построения асимптотически эффективных одношаговых оценок неизвестного параметра в случае, когда имеется предварительная $n^{\beta}$-состоятельная оценка. Известные ранее одношаговые оценки, предложенные Фишером как приближения для состоятельных оценок максимального правдоподобия, позволяют за один шаг находить асимптотически эффективные оценки лишь в случае, когда $\beta\ge 1/4$. Новые одношаговые оценки специально ориентированы на медленно сближающиеся с параметром предварительные оценки и позволяют за одну итерацию $n^{\beta}$-состоятельную оценку при $\beta< 1/4$ улучшать до асимптотически эффективной. Найдены достаточно общие условия, при которых эти одношаговые оценки могут быть асимптотически эффективными даже в случаях, когда оценки максимального правдоподобия не существуют, либо существуют, но не являются состоятельными.
The predictable representation property of compensated-covariation stable families of martingales
Authors: Di Tella P , Engelbert Hans-Jurgen
Published: June 2015

Изучается свойство предсказуемого представления некоторых семейств квадратично интегрируемых мартингалов, которые мы называем устойчивыми семействами с компенсированными ковариациями. Определение свойства предсказуемого представления дается с помощью устойчивых подпространств. Основной результат состоит в том, что устойчивые семейства с компенсированными ковариациями, удовлетворяющие некоторым дополнительным условиям, обладают свойством предсказуемого представления. В качестве первых примеров мы рассматриваем непрерывные гауссовские семейства мартингалов и независимые семейства компенсированных пуассоновских процессов. Затем мы применяем наш результат к процессам Леви. Мы строим семейства мартингалов относительно фильтрации Леви, обладающие свойством предсказуемого представления. Мы рассматриваем несколько примеров, в том числе мартингалы Тойгельса.
Weak Lévy-Khintchine representation for weak infinite divisibility
Authors: Jasiulis-Goldyn B H , Misiewicz J K
Published: June 2015

Случайный вектор ${\mathbf X}$ является слабо устойчивым тогда и только тогда, когда для всех $a,b \in{\mathbf R}$ существует такая случайная величина $\Theta$, что $a{\mathbf X} + b {\mathbf X}' \overset{d}{=} {\mathbf X} \Theta$, где $\mathbf X'$ - независимая копия $\mathbf X$ и $\Theta$ не зависит от $\mathbf X$. Это равносильно (см. [12]) условию, что для всех $Q_1, Q_2$ существует такая случайная
величина $\Theta$, что
\begin{equation}
{\mathbf X} Q_1 + {\mathbf X}' Q_2 \overset{d}{=} {\mathbf X} \Theta,
\tag{*}
\label{eqast}
\end{equation}
где ${\mathbf X}, {\mathbf X}', Q_1, Q_2, \Theta$ независимы и $\overset{d}{=}$ означает равенство распределений. Мы определим слабую обобщенную свертку мер формулой
$$
\mathscr{L}(Q_1) \otimes_{\mu} \mathscr{L}(Q_2) = \mathscr{L}(\Theta),
$$
если уравнение \eqref{eqast} верно для ${\mathbf X}, Q_1, Q_2, \Theta$ и
$\mu = \mathscr{L}(\mathbf X)$. В статье изучены основные свойства этой свертки и распределений, которые бесконечно делимы относительно этой свертки. Основной результат этой работы является аналогом представления Леви-Хинчина $\otimes_{\mu}$-бесконечно делимых распределений.
Вероятности больших уклонений для системы обслуживания с регенерирующим входящим потоком
Authors: Afanas'eva Larisa Grigor'evna , Bashtova Elena Evgen'evna
Published: June 2015

Рассматривается одноканальная система обслуживания с неограниченной очередью и регенерирующим входящим потоком. Получены условия, при которых существует ненулевой логарифмический предел для вероятностей больших уклонений времени ожидания в стационарном режиме. Показано, что асимптотическое поведение большой очереди в стационарном режиме определяется совместным распределением периода регенерации входящего потока и числа требований, поступивших за этот период, и не зависит от распределения моментов поступления требований на периоде регенерации.
Функциональная предельная теорема для интегралов по множествам уровня гауссовского случайного поля
Authors: Shashkin Aleksei Pavlovich
Published: June 2015

Рассматриваются интегралы непрерывных случайных функций по случайным мерам, порожденным множествами уровня гауссовского случайного поля. Показано, что при определенных требованиях к порождающему гауссовскому полю такие интегралы образуют непрерывный случайный процесс, индексированный точками уровня. В ситуации, когда интегрируемое случайное поле удовлетворяет некоторому условию слабой зависимости, доказана функциональная центральная предельная теорема для построенных так случайных процессов.
General multiparameter version of Gnedenko's transfer theorem
Authors: Kern Peter
Published: June 2015

Предельные теоремы для случайного числа независимых случайных величин часто называют теоремами о переносе. Начало исследованиям в этом направлении для сумм случайных величин с независимым случайным объемом выборки было положено Б. В. Гнеденко. Мы приводим допускающую широкое применение теорему о переносе для случайных величин на общем метрическом пространстве со случайными многомерными параметрами вместо случайных объемов выборки. Это обобщает существенный принцип, лежащий в основе известных в литературе результатов типа теорем о переносе.
La Gestión Cultural en las Sociedades Musicales de la Comunidad Valenciana
Authors: Gómez Asensio Daniel
Published: June 2015

Las Sociedades Musicales son el agente cultural que produce la mayoría de manifestaciones musicales en la Comunidad Valenciana, reuniendo en torno a sí a la gran mayoría de los músicos aficionados locales, que son el sustento mayoritario que las conforma y al mismo tiempo lidera su gestión.

Su aumento y proliferación ha provocado el crecimiento y complejidad de sus estructuras, haciendo cada vez más difícil su funcionamiento con una gestión basada en el voluntariado.

En este estudio hemos analizado cada una de las áreas de las Sociedades Musicales desde la visión de sus directivos al cargo, conocedores de su gestión, y de sus músicos, conscientes de los efectos reales derivados de la misma. De este modo comprobamos hasta qué punto cada entramado estructural necesita de una dedicación cada vez más exclusiva y experta, mostramos a las Sociedades Musicales las posibilidades de funcionamiento a su alcance, y finalmente posibilitamos un autoanálisis que valore objetivamente las ventajas de una profesionalización en su gestión.
Análisis de normativas para artistas callejeros el caso de los buskers.
Authors: Martínez Gil Alicia
Published: June 2015

Análisis de normativas para artistas callejeros: el caso de los buskers, es el resultado del proyecto fin de Máster Interuniversitario de Gestión Cultural de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia y Universidad de Valencia. En este estudio se tratan los modelos actuales de gestión que afectan a los artistas callejeros, en concreto, los músicos callejeros. Partiendo de la carencia de investigaciones científicas sobre el arte de la calle a través de la figura del busker, este estudio analiza la normativa de diferentes ciudades. El estudio nos ha aportado la comparativa de las políticas de acción de cada ciudad, así como las ventajas e inconvenientes de las mismas.
Desarrollo de audiencias a través del estudio de bases de datos
Authors: Segura Teresa
Published: June 2015

El estudio de bases de datos es un trabajo analítico perteneciente al campo del marketing. En el mundo de la empresa es muy frecuente estudiar las pautas de compra de individuos o grupos sociales con el fin de satisfacer las necesidades de estos o encontrar una nueva vía de negocio. En el campo artístico y cultural, estas prácticas han sido poco frecuentes por considerar la cultura como un bien que no debe someterse a las pautas del mercado. Sin embargo, ante la alta oferta cultural y la diversificación de canales de comunicación, se hace cada vez más difícil mantener una audiencia fiel y, por otro lado, conocer las nuevas formas en las que esta sociedad quiere consumir ahora es posible. A través de los datos que obtenemos en cada transacción o interacción de nuestro público con nuestra entidad cultural obtenemos información muy valiosa que nos habla de cómo debemos relacionarnos con nuestro público. Un tarea necesaria para lograr más independencia económica (más y mejor público comprando entradas) y para ser relevantes y pertinentes con el público cultural.
Una mirada conjugada en la gestión cultural estadounidense: tendencias actuales.
Authors: Dinapoli Algarra Jodie
Published: June 2015

Debido al descenso que se experimenta en Estados Unidos en la participación del público en los eventos culturales, las instituciones y organizaciones culturales ponen el énfasis en cómo desarrollar un nuevo público y reflexionan sobre el impacto que pueden alcanzar más allá de sus paredes físicas. Este impacto se dirige al desarrollo humano, a la revitalización urbana, al bienestar social y a la creación activa de la cultura. En línea con esta misión y visión encontramos actividades y programas que se llevan a cabo en espacios no tradicionales, que expanden la cooperación social desplazando el foco institucional hacia la creatividad, dirigiendo el objetivo hacia el diálogo crítico, construyendo participación cultural significativa, desafiando el paisaje interno de la organización y sus procesos para servir mejor a la comunidad y a su entorno.  Este artículo analiza esta tendencia por medio de casos específicos de instituciones de artes visuales y estudia conceptos comunes que entran en juego tales como la cooperación social y el valor público. Este texto incorpora un contexto histórico y cuestiona la percepción pública de estas tendencias y su relación con el sector sin ánimo de lucro y su particular modelo de financiación.
Analysis of acid–base balance as well as hematological and biochemical parameters in horses of combined driving discipline
Authors: Kupczyński R. , Śpitalniak K.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of training on hematological and biochemical blood indices and acid–base balance as well as to attempt an assessment of the degree of driving horses' training based on examined parameters during the training cycle. The study was conducted on eight Polish Halfbred driving horses (aged 6–12 years). Each four-horse harness included two geldings and two mares. Blood was collected before and directly after training as well as after a 30 min recovery period. Blood samples were analyzed for hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as acid–base balance and glutathione peroxidase activity. The data were processed using a general linear model (ANOVA) procedure in Statistica v10. A significant (P < 0.01) post-exercise increase in heart rate and respiratory rate was noted. Changes (P < 0.01) in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), glucose (GLU) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were observed after exercise. Correctness of the exercises affects the rate of recovery to rest values. The fastest recovery to the values of the rest period was noted in the case of RBC, HGB, LYM (lymphocytes), TCO2 (total carbon dioxide), HCO3− (bicarbonate concentration), GLU and NEFA. Training load did not cause acid–base balance disturbance, with visible compensation during the recovery period (increase in HCO3− and extracellular base excess (BE)). Changes in GPx activity were not confirmed statistically; however an increasing tendency was observed after training. Long-term exercises of driving horses cause significant lipomobilization. This study enables an evaluation and comparison of physical preparation to effort and intensity of driving horses' training. In the case of driving horses' training, there is a need to accept lower lactic acid (LA) (< 4 mmol L−1) values in aerobic–anaerobic threshold interpretation.
Atmospheric brown clouds reach the Tibetan Plateau by crossing the Himalayas
Authors: Lüthi Z. L. , Škerlak B. , Kim S.-W. , Lauer A. , Mues A. , Rupakheti M. , Kang S.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau region (HTP), despite being a remote and sparsely populated area, is regularly exposed to polluted air masses with significant amounts of aerosols including black carbon. These dark, light-absorbing particles are known to exert a great melting potential on mountain cryospheric reservoirs through albedo reduction and radiative forcing. This study combines ground-based and satellite remote sensing data to identify a severe aerosol pollution episode observed simultaneously in central Tibet and on the southern side of the Himalayas during 13–19 March 2009 (pre-monsoon). Trajectory calculations based on the high-resolution numerical weather prediction model COSMO are used to locate the source regions and study the mechanisms of pollution transport in the complex topography of the HTP. We detail how polluted air masses from an atmospheric brown cloud (ABC) over South Asia reach the Tibetan Plateau within a few days. Lifting and advection of polluted air masses over the great mountain range is enabled by a combination of synoptic-scale and local meteorological processes. During the days prior to the event, winds over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) are generally weak at lower levels, allowing for accumulation of pollutants and thus the formation of ABCs. The subsequent passing of synoptic-scale troughs leads to southwesterly flow in the middle troposphere over northern and central India, carrying the polluted air masses across the Himalayas. As the IGP is known to be a hotspot of ABCs, the cross-Himalayan transport of polluted air masses may have serious implications for the cryosphere in the HTP and impact climate on regional to global scales. Since the current study focuses on one particularly strong pollution episode, quantifying the frequency and magnitude of similar events in a climatological study is required to assess the total impact.
Transport pathways of peroxyacetyl nitrate in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from different monsoon systems during the summer monsoon season
Authors: Fadnavis S. , Semeniuk K. , Schultz M. G. , Kiefer M. , Mahajan A. , Pozzoli L. , Sonbawane S.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The Asian summer monsoon involves complex transport patterns with large scale redistribution of trace gases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). We employ the global chemistry-climate model ECHAM5-HAMMOZ in order to evaluate the transport pathways and the contributions of nitrogen oxide species PAN, NOx, and HNO3 from various monsoon regions, to the UTLS over Southern Asia and vice versa. Simulated long term seasonal mean mixing ratios are compared with trace gas retrievals from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding aboard ENVISAT(MIPAS-E) and aircraft campaigns during the monsoon season (June–September) in order to evaluate the model's ability to reproduce these transport patterns. The model simulations show that there are three regions which contribute substantial pollution to the South Asian UTLS: the Asian summer monsoon (ASM), the North American Monsoon (NAM) and the West African monsoon (WAM). However, penetration due to ASM convection reaches deeper into the UTLS as compared to NAM and WAM outflow. The circulation in all three monsoon regions distributes PAN into the tropical latitude belt in the upper troposphere. Remote transport also occurs in the extratropical upper troposphere where westerly winds drive North American and European pollutants eastward where they can become part of the ASM convection and be lifted into the lower stratosphere. In the lower stratosphere the injected pollutants are transported westward by easterly winds. The intense convective activity in the monsoon regions is associated with lightning and thereby the formation of additional NOx. This also affects the distribution of PAN in the UTLS. According to sensitivity simulations with and without lightning, increase in concentrations of PAN (~ 40%), HNO3 (75%), NOx (70%) and ozone (30%) over the regions of convective transport, especially over equatorial Africa and America and comparatively less over the ASM. This indicates that PAN in the UTLS over the ASM region is primarily of anthropogenic origin.
High-speed solar wind streams and polar mesosphere winter echoes at Troll, Antarctica
Authors: Kirkwood S. , Osepian A. , Belova E. , Lee Y.-S.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. A small, 54 MHz wind-profiler radar, MARA, was operated at Troll, Antarctica (72° S, 2.5° E), continuously from November 2011 to January 2014, covering two complete Antarctic winters. Despite very low power, MARA observed echoes from heights of 55–80 km (polar mesosphere winter echoes, PMWE) on 60% of all winter days (from March to October). This contrasts with previous reports from radars at high northern latitudes, where PWME have been reported only by very high power radars or during rare periods of unusually high electron density at PMWE heights, such as during solar proton events. Analysis shows that PWME at Troll were not related to solar proton events but were often closely related to the arrival of high-speed solar wind streams (HSS) at the Earth, with PWME appearing at heights as low as 56 km and persisting for up to 15 days following HSS arrival. This demonstrates that HSS effects penetrate directly to below 60 km height in the polar atmosphere. Using local observations of cosmic-noise absorption (CNA), a theoretical ionization/ion-chemistry model and a statistical model of precipitating energetic electrons associated with HSS, the electron density conditions during the HSS events are estimated. We find that PMWE detectability cannot be explained by these variations in electron density and molecular-ion chemistry alone. PWME become detectable at different thresholds depending on solar illumination and height. In darkness, PWME are detected only when the modelled electron density is above a threshold of about 1000 cm−3, and only above 75 km height, where negative ions are few. In daylight, the electron density threshold falls by at least 2 orders of magnitude and PWME are found primarily below 75 km height, even in conditions when a large proportion of negative ions is expected. There is also a strong dawn–dusk asymmetry with PWME detected very rarely during morning twilight but often during evening twilight. This behaviour cannot be explained if PMWE are caused by small-scale structure in the neutral/molecular-ion gas alone but may be explained by the presence of charged meteoric dust.
The benefits of emergency rescue and reanalysis data in decadal storm damage assessment studies
Authors: Jokinen P. , Vajda A. , Gregow H.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Studying changes in storm-induced forest damage in Finland has not been possible previously due to the lack of continuous, long series of impact data. We overcome this by combining emergency rescue data from the Finnish rescue services "PRONTO" (2011-) with ERA-Interim reanalysis data of wind gusts and soil temperatures to define exceedance thresholds for potential forest damage days. These thresholds were applied as a proxy for the period 1979–2013 in order to study the spatial and decadal characteristics of forest damage in Finland due to windstorms. The results indicated that the area most impacted by potential forest damage was the south-western part of Finland along the coast, with 1–10 damaging storm cases per year. A decadal examination highlighted a lull period in the number of potential forest damage days during the 1990s compared to the 1980s and 2000s, albeit no trend was evident. The inclusion of emergency rescue data allowed us for the first time to estimate the spatial distribution and decadal variations of potential forest damage days due to windstorms in Finland. The results achieved will encourage further development of thresholds for potential forest damage by including additional data sources and applying them to future climate scenarios.
A novel paleo-bleaching proxy using boron isotopes and high-resolution laser ablation to reconstruct coral bleaching events
Authors: Dishon G. , Fisch J. , Horn I. , Kaczmarek K. , Bijma J. , Gruber D. F. , Nir O. , Popovich Y. , Tchernov D.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Coral reefs occupy only ~0.1% of the oceans habitat, but are the most biologically diverse marine ecosystem. In recent decades, coral reefs have experienced significant global declines due to a variety of causes, one of the major being widespread coral bleaching events. During bleaching the coral expels its symbiotic algae losing its main source of nutrition generally obtained through photosynthesis. While recent coral bleaching events have been extensively investigated, there is no scientific data on historical coral bleaching prior to 1979. In this study, we employ high-resolution femtosecond Laser Ablation Multiple Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) to demonstrate a distinct biologically-induced decline of boron (B) isotopic composition (δ11B) as a result of coral bleaching. These findings and methodology offer a new use for a previously developed isotopic proxy to reconstruct paleo-coral bleaching events. Based on a literature review of published δ11B data and our recorded "vital effect" of coral bleaching on the δ11B signal, we also describe at least two possible coral bleaching events since the Last Glacial Maximum. The implementation of this bleaching proxy holds the potential of identifying occurrences of coral bleaching throughout the geological record. A deeper temporal view of coral bleaching will enable scientists to determine if it occurred in the past during times of environmental change and what outcome it may have had on coral population structure.
UAV-based urban structural damage assessment using object-based image analysis and semantic reasoning
Authors: Fernandez Galarreta J. , Kerle N. , Gerke M.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Structural damage assessment is critical after disasters but remains a challenge. Many studies have explored the potential of remote sensing data, but limitations of vertical data persist. Oblique imagery has been identified as more useful, though the multi-angle imagery also adds a new dimension of complexity. This paper addresses damage assessment based on multi-perspective, overlapping, very high resolution oblique images obtained with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). 3-D point-cloud assessment for the entire building is combined with detailed object-based image analysis (OBIA) of façades and roofs. This research focuses not on automatic damage assessment, but on creating a methodology that supports the often ambiguous classification of intermediate damage levels, aiming at producing comprehensive per-building damage scores. We identify completely damaged structures in the 3-D point cloud, and for all other cases provide the OBIA-based damage indicators to be used as auxiliary information by damage analysts. The results demonstrate the usability of the 3-D point-cloud data to identify major damage features. Also the UAV-derived and OBIA-processed oblique images are shown to be a suitable basis for the identification of detailed damage features on façades and roofs. Finally, we also demonstrate the possibility of aggregating the multi-perspective damage information at building level.
The open boundary equation
Authors: Diederen D. , Savenije H. H. G. , Toffolon M.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. We present a new equation describing the hydrodynamics in infinitely long tidal channels (i.e., no reflection) under the influence of oceanic forcing. The proposed equation is a simple relationship between partial derivatives of water level and velocity. It is formally derived for a progressive wave in a frictionless, prismatic, tidal channel with a horizontal bed. Assessment of a large number of numerical simulations, where an open boundary condition is posed at a certain distance landward, suggests that it can also be considered accurate in the more natural case of converging estuaries with nonlinear friction and a bed slope. The equation follows from the open boundary condition and is therefore a part of the problem formulation for an infinite tidal channel. This finding provides a practical tool for evaluating tidal wave dynamics, by reconstructing the temporal variation of the velocity based on local observations of the water level, providing a fully local open boundary condition and allowing for local friction calibration.
Towards Contextual and Cultural Relevant Science Education in Non-Western Countries: The African Experience
Authors: Kalolo John Fungulupembe
Published: June 2015

Recent reforms of science education in the modern world have shown an increased need for culturally and contextually responsive science education in non-western countries. Despite the initiatives, there has been little discussion about the problems of irrelevance, ineffectiveness, and dis-functionality of western science education in non-western contexts, especially Africa.This review examines science education (SE) practices as experienced in non-western contexts. Drawing insights from context conscious science education traditions, the paper examines the link between the modern science education and the students’ life worlds, in non-western contexts. It should be understood that this discussion is not about cultural change per se; rather, it is an engaging discussion focused at reimaging the western science to fit non-western frames of reference. Recognizing the need for relevant science education in non-western contexts, it is argued necessary to restructure science education in non-western contexts so that it exists within historical, cultural, and institutional contexts and that all western science education practices need to be examined to see whether they are better suited to non‐western communities.
Application of GARCH-Copula Model in Portfolio Optimization
Authors: Kresta Aleš
Published: June 2015

Although the cornerstone of modern portfolio theory was set by Markowitz in 1952, the portfolio optimization problem is a never-ending research topic for both academics and practitioners. In this problem the future prediction of time series evolution plays an important role. However, it is rarely addressed in research. In the paper we analyze the applicability of the GARCH-copula model. To be more concrete we assume the investor maximizing Sharpe ratio while the future evolution of the time series is simulated by means of the AR(1)-GARCH(1,1) model using the copula modelling approach. The bootstrapping technique is applied as a benchmark. From the empirical results we found out that the GARCH-copula model provides better forecasts of future financial time series evolution than the bootstrapping method. Assuming the investor is maximizing the Sharpe ratio, both the final wealth increases and maximum drawdown decreases when we apply the GARCH-copula model compared to the application of bootstrapping technique.
Radiation Esophagitis
Authors: Murro Diana , Jakate Shriram
Published: June 2015

The esophagus is frequently exposed to radiation during treatment of advanced stages of common cancers such as lung, breast, and esophagus. However, symptomatic radiation esophagitis requiring endoscopic and histologic evaluation occurs quite rarely, affecting less than 1% of patients receiving radiation treatment. Symptoms occur acutely, generally within the first 2 months. Patients typically present with nonspecific symptoms such as dysphagia and odynophagia. Endoscopic changes such as erythema and ulceration are also nonspecific and nondiagnostic. Biopsies from affected areas show variable inflammatory changes and radiation-related atypia of endothelial and stromal cells. Such atypia mimics cytomegalovirus cytopathic changes, which are ruled out through absence of immunostaining. Radiation esophagitis is thus clinically unsuspected and endoscopically and histologically quite different from the more common and familiar radiation proctitis for which angioectasia is the predominant finding.
Análise de uma experiência de letramento na perspectiva da educação em direitos humanos
Authors: Oliveira Cristiane Fontes , Lima Emília Freitas de
Published: June 2015

O artigo pretende promover uma reflexão sobre a necessidade de implementação prática, no quotidiano escolar, da Educação Intercultural e em Direitos Humanos, com foco na temática de gênero. Nesse sentido, apresentamos um conjunto de procedimentos didático-pedagógicos, realizados no contexto de aulas da disciplina de Língua Portuguesa, que tiveram como objetivo problematizar com estudantes, por meio de práticas de letramento, a situação da mulher na contemporaneidade. Nesse contexto, a metodologia proposta por Paulo Freire foi apresentada como ferramenta privilegiada para transpor da teoria à prática tal Educação. Assim, mediante a análise da vivência de estudantes (sujeitos da pesquisa) em Círculos de Cultura, tendo como tema gerador o sexismo, constatamos que a educação escolar pode conduzir o(a) aluno(a) de uma consciência alienada para uma consciência crítica.