bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development Of Assesssment Instrument For Religious Moderation Literacy In Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Rofiah Siti , Jasminto Jasminto
Published: February 2023

Religious literacy and religious moderation have become very important topics to be studied since the emergence of religious extremism and radicalism which has the potential to cause religious disharmony. This is influenced by the individual's religious understanding which is also related to the individual's ability to absorb information and understand religious facts in a social context. To find this out, peril is designed an assessment instrument. This study aims to 1) Develop a literacy assessment of religious moderation as an effort to measure the extent to which students and teachers are literate in terms of religious moderation. 2) Determine the validity of the assessment instrument. This research is a development research using the Plomp model which consists of 4 stages, namely the initial assessment stage, the design stage, the construction stage and the test stage, evaluation and revision. The assessment instrument was validated by 3 expert judgments with the subject of the trial being 20 students and 10 teachers at MI Al Ittihad Jogoroto Jombang. The wide-scale trial was 45 upper-class students of MI Al Ittihad. The product of this research is an assessment instrument in the form of questionnaires and tests. The results of the development show that the average validity and reliability indicate high criteria and are appropriate to be used to measure religious moderation literacy at the madrasah ibtidaiyah level.
 
Keywords: Instrument Development, Asessment, Religious Moderation Literacy
Asia Pacific: Heal History – Build Peace, Trust And Hope For The Future (Could Pancasila Be Applied Regionally?)
Authors: Lawler Barbara
Published: February 2023

This paper respectfully and humbly attempts to describe a perspective on peacebuilding in the Asia Pacific region. It will emphasize the significant connection between personal and global change, one that seems to be overlooked to our detriment in overly systems-focused approaches to creating peace. It was once, pertinently or impertinently, commented by UK journalist, Peter Howard, that the problems sitting around the table at international conferences, or even the UN, are always more pressing than the problems sitting on the table. It will draw from real-life stories of those who have experienced change of heart leading to personal, family, community and sometimes national and international change. There will be a focus on Indonesia and Australia, healing history with Japan, Muslim-Christian relations, colonial history, including some evidential experience from Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and other Pacific Island countries. References to the experience of countries outside the Asia-Pacific region will be made where the principles support the position that some big changes, national and international, have come about significantly through moral and spiritual change in individuals. It will attempt to respond to the question of whether our region with its extensive diversity, can model for the world the Pancasila, the peace, trust, hope and healing for which it longs.
 
Keywords: Healing, Peace, Trust, Hope, Pancasila.
AMAN Indonesia's Contribution To Voicing The Peace Of Muslim Women In Indonesia by Using Social Media
Authors: Syahriyah Ummi Ulfatus , Yulianti Yulianti , Zein Muhammad Khafid Zulfahmi , Dwiriani Vera
Published: February 2023

The diversity that exists in Indonesia creates harmony but also creates conflict. In resolving a conflict, discussions must be held in order to create peace. Peace in resolving a conflict is not only carried out by men but women also have a very large role in voicing peace. With the development of technology and information media, peace campaigns can be carried out using social media but must be carried out by institutions that have been systematically organized so that peace goals can be achieved. The purpose of this study is to see the contribution of AMAN Indonesia as Indonesia's largest women's institution in voicing the peace of Muslim women in Indonesia using social media. The research method in this study uses descriptive qualitative using literature studies. The results of this study show that an institutional contribution to voicing women can be done with organized and transformed social movements using new technologies such as social media. AMAN Indonesia as a well-organized organization uses social media as a tool in voicing the peace of Muslim women in Indonesia. The activities carried out by AMAN Indonesia in voicing the peace of Muslim women in Indonesia are conducting open dialogues, group discussions, watching peaceful films, and education on social media.
 
Keywords: Muslim Women, Peace, Social Media, AMAN Indonesia
Methods Of Teaching Islamic Values Education Amid Conflict Situation: The Case Of Bangsamoro Development Agency (BDA) In Mindanao
Authors: Lantong Abdul , Musnandar Aries , Tuya Mohalidin
Published: February 2023

Teaching Islamic values education is considered by Muslim educators as the solution to moral crisis encountered by contemporary Muslim society including the Bangsamoro in the conflict-affected area of Mindanao, Philippines.  The purpose of the present paper is to re-examine the Bangsamoro Development Agency's (BDA) methods of teaching Islamic values education among its Muslim stakeholders in Mindanao. Through the use of the qualitative method of study, like content analysis of data gathered through library research and participant observation, the researcher found out that the BDA-tasked to determine, lead and manage development projects in conflict-affected areas of Mindanao-had successfully integrated Islamic values by applying the traditional Islamic method of education such as ta'lim, tarbiyyah, and ta'dib but through the language of modern education theory, adapted to the kind of situation they are in. Instead of using Islamic terminologies as such, the BDA used such term as experiential-learning method (lecturette, workshop, reflection and demonstration, and follow-through scheme). With this, the BDA had able to play its assigned role with the acceptance of its different stakeholders including government and non-government organizations. The present Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), which is established as a product of the MILF’s struggle, may also consider BDA’s experience to institutionalize its moral governance initiative to address the perceived corruption, manipulation, and ill-governance in this government.
 
Keywords: Bangsamoro Development Agency, teaching methods, Islamic values, Values education, Mindanao (Philippines)
Vitamin D deficiency is a public health emergency among Indonesian children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence
Authors: Octavius Gilbert Sterling , Shakila Ayesha , Meliani Mariska , Halim Anita
Published: February 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian children and adolescents.Methods: This was a meta-analysis of prevalence using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method with a random effects model. A prediction interval was used to estimate true effects. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and 3 Indonesian databases (Indonesian Scientific Journal Database, Neliti, and Indonesia One Search). We included cross-sectional or case-control studies that provided data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. We excluded case reports, case series, cohort studies, or studies outside Indonesia. We computed point prevalence by dividing the number of children with hypovitaminosis D by the total number of subjects in that study. This review was registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) (CRD42022329814).Results: Of 1,397 manuscripts identified, 7 were included in this review. A total of 5,870 children were included in this meta-analysis, ranging in age from 6 months to 19 years. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Indonesia was calculated as 33% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9–56) and was higher in females (60% [95% CI, 58–62]) than in males (40% [95% CI, 38–42]). Mean serum vitamin D level was 22.74 ng/mL (95% CI, 16.95–30.51) with a prediction interval of 15.96 ng/mL to 29.52 ng/mL.Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is a public health emergency in Indonesia. Strategies to detect and treat vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian children and adolescents should be implemented immediately.
Neurocognitive and psychosocial profiles of children with Turner syndrome
Authors: Park So Yeong , Kim Su Jin , Lee Myeongseob , Lee Hae In , Kwon Ahreum , Suh Junghwan , Song Kyungchul , Chae Hyun Wook , Joo Bonglim , Kim Ho-Seong
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Patients with Turner syndrome (TS) have distinct neurocognitive and psychosocial characteristics. However, few clinical studies have reported neuropsychological findings in Korean patients. This study investigated the neurocognitive and psychosocial profiles of Korean children with TS.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 20 pediatric patients (<18 years) with TS at the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology at Yonsei University Severance Children’s Hospital in South Korea from January 2016 to March 2019. We selected 20 age- and sex-matched controls from among those who visited the endocrinology clinic and were confirmed to have no clinical abnormalities. All participants underwent several neuropsychological tests.Results: In the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV test, the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient of the TS group was within the normal range. The Perceptual Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index, and Processing Speed Index scores were significantly lower in the TS group than in the control group. In contrast, the Verbal Comprehension Index did not differ significantly between the groups. The Comprehensive Attention Test results showed that the TS group displayed borderline visual selective attention. The social quotient score was significantly lower in the TS group than in the control group.Conclusion: Pediatric patients with TS in Korea displayed distinct neurocognitive and psychosocial characteristics. Patients in the TS group maintained their verbal function, but their attention, visuospatial function, and social competence were low. Our findings will contribute to the development of education programs for patients with TS to improve their neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning.
Uz ultra mazām titāna dioksīda nanodaļiņām balstīti fotohromie materiāli
Authors:   , Eglītis Raivis
Published: February 2023

Promocijas darbā pētītas titāna dioksīda nanodaļiņu fotohromās īpašības dažādās vidēs. Izpētes rezultātā novērots, ka vide, kurā nanodaļiņas ir izkliedētas, un nanodaļiņu dopēšana ievērojami ietekmē fotohromās īpašības un var mainīt ne tikai fotoaptumšošanās kinētiku, bet arī atkrāsošanās kinētiku un nanodaļiņu elektriskās īpašības. Papildus īstenota nanodaļiņu iekļaušana organiskajos gēlos, saglabājot augstu gaismas caurlaidību un nanodaļiņu fotohromās īpašības.
Photochromic Materials Based on Ultra Small Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors:   , Eglītis Raivis
Published: February 2023

The Thesis explores the photochromic properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in different environments. It was seen that the environment in which the nanoparticles are dispersed as well as the modification of the nanoparticles have a profound effect on the photochromic properties and can change both the photodarkening and recovery kinetics as well as influence the electrical properties of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the incorporation of the nanoparticles into organic gels was achieved while retaining high transparency and the photochromic properties of the nanoparticles.
Administrative and Legal Restrictions on the Right to Disseminate Information in the Context of Constitutional Values of Legal Freedom and State Security
Authors: Balekina Violetta Mikhailovna
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the problems of establishing administrative legal restrictions on the right to disseminate information in the context of such constitutional values as legal freedom of law and state security. The purpose of the study was to assess the institution of administrative responsibility for violating the order of dissemination of information from the point of view of these constitutional values. The subject of the study was legal relations in the field of implementation of administrative responsibility for violation of the order of dissemination of information, and the object of the study was legal doctrine, legal norms and judicial practice. In order to achieve the research goal in conjunction with general scientific and special scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, formal legal, interpretation of law), the author applied an axiological approach to the phenomena under study. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that the problem of restricting the right to free dissemination of information through administrative liability mechanisms is considered through the prism of not only its possible restrictions for the security of the state, but also in the context of the correlation of freedom of information dissemination and state security, as the most important constitutional values. The author formulates the following conclusions. The establishment of administrative responsibility in the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation for violation of the order of dissemination of information is necessary to ensure state security. However, the implementation of the mechanism of the studied type of administrative responsibility should be carried out in a balanced manner, taking into account both the interests of ensuring state security and ensuring legal guarantees of the constitutional right of everyone to freely disseminate information.
Policy of the People’s Republic of China in the Black Sea Region(1976 - 2022)
Authors: Liu Xuyan
Published: February 2023

This study focuses on the policy of the People’s Republic of China in the Black Sea Region (1976-2022). The object of the study is the political and economic relations of the People’s Republic of China with the countries of the Black Sea Region: Ukraine, Georgia, Turkey, Romania and Bulgaria. The author examines in detail the conflict potential of the region and its causes, the national interests of the People’s Republic of China towards the States of the region. Close attention is paid to the tension in the region and ways of its alleviation by the People’s Republic of China. The study is based on the theory of political realism, which implies constant competition among States defending their national interests. In the process of studying this problem, the author applies institutional, analytical and problem-chronological methods. The main conclusions of the study are the definition of the conflict potential of the region, the establishment of the role of the People’s Republic of China in the Black Sea region, the definition of methods of expansion of China in the region, the evaluation of relations with the States of the region, both political and economic, identifying China’s concerns in its policies in the region. Moreover, close attention is paid to the growth of trade between the People’s Republic of China and Ukraine, Georgia, Turkey, Romania and Bulgaria. The historical phenomenon of displacing hegemon from the region has been revealed. The relevance of the study is due to the growing political and economic influence of the People’s Republic of China throughout the world, not excluding the Black Sea region. The novelty of the study is due to the study of the expansion of the People’s Republic of China in conditions of high conflict potential of the region.
Legal Regulation of Taxation of Cryptocurrency Turnover: A Comparative Legal Study of the Tax and Legal Regulation of the Republic of India and the Russian Federation
Authors: Titorenko Semen Konstantinovich
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the features of the tax and legal regulation of cryptocurrencies in the Republic of India and the Russian Federation. A study of legal regulation and a study of the positions of legal scholars of the Republic of India, in terms of regulating the turnover of cryptocurrencies, as well as the experience of regulatory regulation of the turnover of cryptocurrencies in the Russian Federation. As a result of the study, the author identified a gap in the legal regulation of taxation of cryptocurrencies in the Russian Federation, in comparison with the legal regulation of the Republic of India. Public relations arising in connection with the turnover of cryptocurrencies are not regulated in any country of the world at the moment, including in terms of taxation of transactions using cryptocurrencies. In this connection, it is necessary to take into account the foreign experience of legal regulation of taxation of cryptocurrency turnover, including the Republic of India. The problem lies in the fact that amendments to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation have not been adopted at the moment, which would regulate the taxation of cryptocurrency turnover in the Russian Federation. To investigate the experience of legal regulation of taxation of cryptocurrencies of the Republic of India and to identify aspects that could be applied to form the legal regulation of taxation of turnover of cryptocurrencies in the Russian Federation. Previously, comparative legal research in this area has not been conducted.
A machine learning approach to predict quality of life changes in patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Alexander Tyler D. , Nataraj Chandrasekhar , Wu Chengyuan
Published: February 2023

Objective

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with an annual incidence of approximately 0.1%. While primarily considered a motor disorder, increasing emphasis is being placed on its non‐motor features. Both manifestations of the disease affect quality of life (QoL), which is captured in part II of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS‐II). While useful in the management of patients, it remains challenging to predict how QoL will change over time in PD. The goal of this work is to explore the feasibility of a machine learning algorithm to predict QoL changes in PD patients.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, patients with at least 12 months of follow‐up were identified from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database (N = 630) and divided into two groups: those with and without clinically significant worsening in UPDRS‐II (n = 404 and n = 226, respectively). We developed an artificial neural network using only UPDRS‐II scores, to predict whether a patient would clinically worsen or not at 12 months from follow‐up.

Results

Using UPDRS‐II at baseline, at 2 months, and at 4 months, the algorithm achieved 90% specificity and 56% sensitivity.

Interpretation

A learning model has the potential to rule in patients who may exhibit clinically significant worsening in QoL at 12 months. These patients may require further testing and increased focus.
Experimental Characterization of Internal Structure and Physical Properties of Unidirectional Ply‐Level Hybrid Carbon Composite Material
Authors: Casapu Maria , Fuiorea Ion , Arrigoni Michel
Published: February 2023

The complexities associated with the response of carbon fiber composites to different loading cases and methods of improving it without increasing their cost are still being researched. Herein, by an experimental approach, the ply‐level hybridization technique for tailoring the composite response is explored, and two different types of unidirectional prepregs with the same fiber type but different quality and prices are mixed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of this type of hybridization on the structure and mechanical response of carbon fiber composites and to assess the compromise between manufacturing cost reduction and mechanical response. Hybridization is obtained in both layer thickness and material quality and reference materials are also manufactured. The properties of the unidirectional hybrid and nonhybrid composites are evaluated by density and fiber volume fraction measurements. The in‐plane mechanical properties are determined using quasistatic tensile tests, in 0° and 90° directions. No thickness effects are noticed on the stress–strain response under both longitudinal and transverse directions and hybrid composites exhibit an improved 0° failure stress.
Mn3O4 Nanoshell Coated Metal–Organic Frameworks with Microenvironment‐Driven O2 Production and GSH Exhaustion Ability for Enhanced Chemodynamic and Photodynamic Cancer Therapies
Authors: Li Wenya , Li Rongtian , Ye Qiang , Zou Yiming , Lu Xing , Zhang Wenhua , Chen Jinxiang , Zhao Yinghua
Published: February 2023

Nanomedicine exhibits emerging potentials to deliver advanced therapeutic strategies in the fight against triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Nevertheless, it is still difficult to develop a precise codelivery system that integrates highly effective photosensitizers, low toxicity, and hydrophobicity. In this study, PCN‐224 is selected as the carrier to enable effective cancer therapy through light‐activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and the PCN‐224@Mn3O4@HA is created in a simple one‐step process by coating Mn3O4 nanoshells on the PCN‐224 template, which can then be used as an “ROS activator” to exert catalase‐ and glutathione peroxidase‐like activities to alleviate tumor hypoxia while reducing tumor reducibility, leading to improved photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) effect of PCN‐224. Meanwhile, Mn2+ produced cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (∙OH) via the Fenton‐like reaction, thus producing a promising spontaneous chemodynamic therapeutic (CDT) effect. Importantly, by remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME), Mn3O4 nanoshells downregulated hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α expression, inhibiting tumor growth and preventing tumor revival. Thus, the developed nanoshells, via light‐controlled ROS formation and multimodality imaging abilities, can effectively inhibit tumor proliferation through synergistic PDT/CDT, and prevent tumor resurgence by remodeling TME.
Guidelines for Impedance Analysis of Parent Metal Anodes in Solid‐State Batteries and the Role of Current Constriction at Interface Voids, Heterogeneities, and SEI
Authors: Eckhardt Janis K. , Fuchs Till , Burkhardt Simon , Klar Peter J. , Janek Jürgen , Heiliger Christian
Published: February 2023

Impedance spectroscopy is widely used in operando studies of solid‐state batteries for characterizing charge transport and correlating it with structural features. A typical impedance spectrum reveals, in addition to transport signals of the solid electrolyte, one or more contributions due to processes taking place at the electrode interfaces. The focus of this study is on reversible (parent) metal anodes and a 3D electric network model is used to analyze the variation of their impedance as a function of pressure, temperature, or aging during cycling. This provides a recipe for experimentalists on how to identify impedance contributions arising from different interface effects, such as, charge transfer, dynamic current constriction, and solid electrolyte interphase formation. Rules are derived for assigning the different interface signals or identifying the dominant contribution in case of similar frequency‐dependence and a standard procedure for analysis is proposed. The suggested procedure is applied to experimental data of half cells where lithium metal is in contact with garnet‐type Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12. This case study yields unambiguously that geometric current constriction due to morphological instabilities at the metal anode interface during cycling is the rate‐limiting step for this type of metal anode, rather than the frequently assumed polarization resistance of the electric charge transfer migration process.
Indolizine Synthesis through Annulation of Pyridinium 1,4‐Thiolates and Copper Carbenes: A Predictive Catalysis Approach
Authors: Monreal‐Corona Roger , Díaz‐Jiménez Àlex , Roglans Anna , Poater Albert , Pla‐Quintana Anna
Published: February 2023

Predictive catalysis was applied to the reaction of pyridinium 1,4‐zwitterionic thiolates with a copper carbene. Theoretical calculations were first performed to determine the suitability of their annulation reaction and to make predictions about the performance of different copper salts, diazo species, and pyridinium derivatives. With calculations in hand, the experimental conditions were optimized, the scope of the reaction was assessed, and the precision of the predictions was evaluated. Yields up to 90% were obtained for the synthesis of indolizine scaffolds in the reactivity of pyridinium 1,4‐zwitterionic thiolates with a metal carbene.

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DABCO‐Catalysed [3+2] Cyclization/Deformylation Cascade of p‐Quinols with 3‐Formylchromones: Access to Benzopyrone‐Fused Tetracyclic Ring Systems
Authors: Liu Xiong‐Wei , Lin Xiao‐Tong , Zhao Cheng , Hu Xiao‐Wei , Xu Yi‐Bing , Zheng Yi‐Lin , Liu Xin‐Ni , Chen Guo‐Shu , Chen Long , Liu Yun‐Lin
Published: February 2023

The construction of benzopyrone‐fused hydrobenzofuranones via DABCO‐catalyzed [3+2] cyclization/deformylation cascade of p‐quinols with 3‐formylchromones is described. The reaction works under mild reaction conditions to provide the desired products in 53–90% yields with complete diastereoselectivities. In addition, an enantioselective version with 81% ee is also realized in the presence of Takemoto's chiral thiourea catalyst.

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More Chips to Nitroolefins: Decatungstate Photocatalysed Hydroalkylation Under Batch and Flow Conditions
Authors: Jorea Alexandra , Bassetti Benedetta , Gervasoni Klaus , Protti Stefano , Palmieri Alessandro , Ravelli Davide
Published: February 2023

The hydroalkylation of nitroalkenes and β‐nitroacrylates via a photocatalytic strategy has been optimised under both batch and continuous flow conditions. This target has been achieved by exploiting the potentialities of the decatungstate anion as a versatile hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) photocatalyst for the generation of alkyl radicals from aliphatic heterocycles, amides and cycloalkanes.

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Chinese expert consensus on antithrombotic management of high‐risk elderly patients with chronic coronary syndrome
Authors: Zhang Cuntai , Wang Xiaoming ,   Cardiovascular Group, Geriatrics Branch of Chinese Medical Association
Published: February 2023

The prevalence and mortality of coronary artery disease (CAD) in China are still at an increasing stage. CAD can be classified as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). CCS is the main manifestation type of elderly patients with CAD, with a large number of patients, long course of disease, and poor prognosis, leading to decreased quality of life and heavy disease burden and economic burden. Especially in patients with high‐risk CCS, the case fatality rate and total mortality are high. In order to better standardize the antithrombotic treatment of elderly patients with high‐risk CCS, the Geriatrics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association organizes domestic experts to develop this consensus for clinicians' reference based on published clinical research evidence, combined with relevant guidelines, consensus, and expert recommendations in China and abroad.
Hydroxylation with Unusual Stereoinversion Catalyzed by an FeII/2‐OG Dependent Oxidase and 3,6‐Diene‐2,5‐diketopiperazine Formation in the Biosynthesis of Brevianamide K
Authors: Xu Zhuo‐Zheng , Zhuang Zheng , Cai Runlin , Lin Guo‐Qiang , She Zhigang , Zhao Qunfei , He Qing‐Li
Published: February 2023

Natural products with the 3,6‐diene‐2,5‐diketopiperazine core are widely distributed in nature; however, the biosynthetic mechanism of 3,6‐diene‐2,5‐diketopiperazine in fungi remains to be further elucidated. Through heterologous expression and biochemical investigation of an FeII/2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent oxidase (AspE) and a heme‐dependent P450 enzyme (AspF), we report that AspE, AspF and subsequent dehydration account for the formation of the 3,6‐diene‐2,5‐diketopiperazine substructure of brevianamide K from Aspergillus sp. SK‐28, a symbiotic fungus of mangrove plant Kandelia candel. More interestingly, in‐depth investigation of the enzymatic mechanism showed that AspE promotes hydroxylation of brevianamide Q with unprecedented stereoinversion through hydrogen atom abstraction and water nucleophilic attack from the opposite face of the resultant iminium cation intermediate.
Precise Synthesis of ChiralZ‐Allylamides by Cobalt‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Sequential Hydrogenations
Authors: Hu Yanhua , Zou Yashi , Yang Huiwen , Ji Haotian , Jin Yue , Zhang Zhenfeng , Liu Yangang , Zhang Wanbin
Published: February 2023

Asymmetric sequential hydrogenations of conjugated enynes have been developed using a Ph‐BPE‐CoIcatalyst for the precise synthesis of chiralZ‐allylamides in high activity (up to 1000 substrate/catalyst (S/C)) and with excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99 % enantiomeric excess (ee)). Mechanism experiments and theoretical calculations support a cationic CoI/CoIIIredox catalytic cycle. The catalytic activity difference between cobalt complexes of Ph‐BPE and QuinoxP* was explained by the process decomposition of rate‐determining step in the second hydrogenation.
Ein vierfacher Gold(I)−Aryl‐Makrozyklus mit hyperbolischer Geometrie und dessen reduktive Eliminierung zu einem Kohlenstoffnanoring‐Wirt
Authors: Grabicki Niklas , Fisher Sergey , Dumele Oliver
Published: February 2023

Ein Ethylenglykol‐dekorierter [6]Cyclo‐meta‐phenylen(CMP)‐Makrozyklus wurde hergestellt und als Untereinheit für den Aufbau eines vierfachen AuI2−Aryl‐Metallazyklus mit einer quadratischen Überstruktur genutzt. Die Ecken bestehen aus dinuklearen Gold(I)‐Komplexen, von denen bisher nur dreieckige Metallazyklen bekannt waren. Das Zusammenspiel von flexibler Konformation des [6]CMP‐Makrozyklus und der starren dinuklearen Gold(I)‐Einheit ermöglicht die quadratische Geometrie, die durch Kristallstrukturanalyse charakterisiert wurde. Die Bildung des Goldkomplex läuft im Vergleich zu einer alternativen Routen über Platin(II)‐Ecken größenselektiv ab. Durch reduktive Eliminierung wird ein vollständig organischer Ether‐dekorierter Kohlenstoffnanoring erhalten. Dieser wurde als Wirt zur Komplexierung von großen Gastmolekülen mit geeigneter konvexer π‐Oberfläche mittels isothermer NMR‐Bindungstitration untersucht. Die Assoziationskonstanten für [6]Cycloparaphenylen ([6]CPP), [7]CPP, C60 und C70 wurden bestimmt.
Dithienylethene‐Based Single Molecular Photothermal Linear Actuator
Authors: Rashid Umar , Chatir Elarbi , Medrano Sandonas Leonardo , Sreelakshmi PA , Dianat Arezoo , Gutierrez Rafael , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Cobo Saioa , Kaliginedi Veerabhadrarao
Published: February 2023

By employing a mechanically controllable break junction technique, we have realized an ideal single molecular linear actuator based on dithienylethene (DTE) based molecular architecture, which undergoes reversible photothermal isomerization when subjected to UV irradiation under ambient conditions. As a result, open form (compressed, UV OFF) and closed form (elongated, UV ON) of dithienylethene‐based molecular junctions are achieved. Interestingly, the mechanical actuation is achieved without changing the conductance of the molecular junction around the Fermi level over several cycles, which is an essential property required for an ideal single molecular actuator. Our study demonstrates a unique example of achieving a perfect balance between tunneling width and barrier height change upon photothermal isomerization, resulting in no change in conductance but a change in the molecular length, which results in mechanical actuation at the single molecular level.
Tailor‐Made PdnL2n Metal‐Organic Cages through Covalent Post‐Synthetic Modification
Authors: Luo Dong , Yuan Zi‐Jun , Ping Lin‐Jie , Zhu Xiao‐Wei , Zheng Ji , Zhou Chuang‐Wei , Zhou Xian‐Chao , Zhou Xiao‐Ping , Li Dan
Published: February 2023

Post‐synthetic modification (PSM) is an effective approach for the tailored functionalization of metal‐organic architectures, but its generalizability remains challenging. Herein we report a general covalent PSM strategy to functionalize PdnL2n metal‐organic cages (MOCs, n=2, 12) through an efficient Diels–Alder cycloaddition between peripheral anthracene substituents and various functional motifs bearing a maleimide group. As expected, the solubility of functionalized Pd12L24 in common solvents can be greatly improved. Interestingly, concentration‐dependent circular dichroism and aggregation‐induced emission are achieved with chiral binaphthol (BINOL)‐ and tetraphenylethylene‐modified Pd12L24, respectively. Furthermore, Pd12L24 can be introduced with two different functional groups (e.g., chiral BINOL and achiral pyrene) through a step‐by‐step PSM route to obtain chirality‐induced circularly polarized luminescence. Moreover, similar results are readily observed with a smaller Pd2L4 system.
Enzyme Translocation‐Mediated Signal Amplification for Spatially Selective Aptasensing of ATP in Inflammatory Cells
Authors: Sheng Chuangui , Zhao Jian , Yu Fangzhi , Li Lele
Published: February 2023

Amplified ATP imaging in inflammatory cells is highly desirable. However, the spatial selectivity of current amplification methods is limited, that is, signal amplification is performed systemically and not in a disease site‐specific manner. Here we present a versatile strategy, termed enzymatically triggerable, aptamer‐based signal amplification (ETA‐SA), that enables inflammatory cell‐specific imaging of ATP through spatially‐resolved signal amplification. The ETA‐SA leverages a translocated enzyme in inflammatory cells to activate DNA aptamer probes and further drive cascade reactions through the consumption of hairpin fuels, which, however, exerts no ATP response activity in normal cells, leading to a significantly improved sensitivity and spatial specificity for the inflammation‐specific ATP imaging in vivo. Benefiting from the improved spatial selectivity, enhanced signal‐to‐background ratios were achieved for ATP imaging during acute hepatitis.
Electrophilically Trapping Water for Preventing Polymerization of Cyclic Ether Towards Low‐Temperature Li Metal Battery
Authors: Jiang Hai‐Zhen , Yang Chao , Chen Min , Liu Xiao‐Wei , Yin Lu‐Ming , You Ya , Lu Jun
Published: February 2023

Cyclic ether, such as 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL), are promising solvent for low‐temperature electrolytes because of the low freezing point. Their use in electrolytes, however, is severely limited since it easily polymerizes in the presence of lithium inorganic salts. The trace water plays a key role via providing the source (proton) for chain initiation, which has, unfortunately, been neglected in most cases. In this work, we present an electrophile, trimethylsilyl isocyanate (Si−NCO), as the water scavenger, which eliminates moisture by a nucleophilic addition reaction. Si−NCO allows DOL to maintain liquid over a wide temperature range even in high‐concentration electrolyte. Electrolyte with Si−NCO additive shows promising low‐temperature performance. Our finding expands the use of cyclic ether solvents in the presence of inorganic salts and highlights a large space for unexplored design of water scavenger with electrophilic feature for low‐temperature electrolytes.
P3HTandPEDOT:PSSprinted thin films on chemiresistors: An economic and versatile tool for ammonia and humidity monitoring applications
Authors: Kumpf Katarina , Trattner Stephan , Aspermair Patrik , Bintinger Johannes , Fruhmann Philipp
Published: February 2023

We hereby present the fabrication of simple and efficient humidity and ammonia sensors based on a chemiresistor design employing a differential measurement technique. Interdigitated electrodes are connected via PEDOT:PSS or P3HT polymers and a reproducible and scalable fabrication procedure is presented. This procedure utilizes pneumatic nozzle printing instead of drop or spin‐based processes and includes an optimized encapsulation procedure and material for sealing the reference electrodes. The suitability of the NH3sensor for quantifying ammonia in a range of 2 to 100 ppm within a period of several months is furthermore presented. The developed humidity sensor is operational for several months in a humidity range between 10 and 60% RH. Once this range is exceeded, a sensor decay by irreversible saturation can be observed. Based on the low fabrication costs of the sensors (~0.5 $ when ordering 1000 pcs of the platform + printing work), they provide a very attractive tool for industrial humidity and ammonia sensing applications.
Alpha tensor and dynamo excitation in turbulent fluids with anisotropic conductivity fluctuations
Authors: Gressel Oliver , Rüdiger Günther , Elstner Detlef
Published: February 2023

A mean‐field theory of the electrodynamics of a turbulent fluid is formulated under the assumption that the molecular electric conductivity is correlated with the turbulent velocity fluctuation in the (radial) direction, . It is shown that for such homogeneous fluids a strong turbulence‐induced field advection anti‐parallel to arises almost independently of rotation. For rotating fluids, an extra effect appears with the known symmetries and with the expected maximum at the poles. Fast rotation, however, with Coriolis number exceeding unity suppresses this term. Numerical simulations of forced turbulence using the nirvana code demonstrate that the radial advection velocity, , always dominates the term. We show finally with simplified models that dynamos are strongly influenced by the radial pumping: for the solutions become oscillatory, while for they become highly exotic if they exist at all. In conclusion, dynamo models for slow and fast solid‐body rotation on the basis of finite conductivity–velocity correlations are unlikely to work, at least for dynamos without strong shear.
μ‐opioid receptor agonist facilitates circulating tumor cell formation in bladder cancer via the MOR/AKT/Slug pathway: a comprehensive study including randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiang , Zhang Song , Jin Di , Luo Jiamei , Shi Yumiao , Zhang Yiqi , Wu Lingling , Song Yanling , Su Diansan , Pan Zhiying , Chen Haige , Cao Ming , Yang Chaoyong , Yu Weifeng , Tian Jie
Published: February 2023

Background

μ‐opioid receptor agonists (MORAs) are indispensable for analgesia in bladder cancer (BC) patients, both during surgery and for chronic pain treatment. Whether MORAs affect BC progression and metastasis remains largely unknown. This study focused on the effects of MORAs on the formation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in BC and aimed to provide potential therapeutic targets, which would retain the pain‐relieving effects of MORAs in BC patients without sacrificing their long‐term prognosis.

Methods

Different preclinical models were used to identify the effects of MORAs on the progression of BC. A novel immunocapture microfluidic chip was utilized to analyze whether MORAs affected the number of CTCs in mouse models and clinical BC patients. Bioinformatic analyses, total transcriptome sequencing, and molecular biology methods were then used to investigate the underlying mechanisms in these models and in BC cell lines.

Results

Mouse models of hematogenous metastasis and in situ BC demonstrated that tumor metastasis was significantly increased after MORA treatment. A significant increase in the number of mesenchymal and/or epithelial CTCs was detected after MORA treatment in both the mouse models and clinical trial patients. Mechanistically, MORAs facilitated the formation of CTCs by activating the MOR/PI3K/AKT/Slug signaling pathway, hereby promoting the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BC cells, as knockdown of MOR, Slug or blockade of PI3K inhibited the EMT process and CTC formation.

Conclusion

MORAs promoted BC metastasis by facilitating CTC formation. The EMT‐CTC axis could be targeted for preventive measures during MORA treatment to inhibit the associated tumor metastasis or recurrence in BC patients.
Dealloying of an amorphous TiCuRu alloy results in a nanostructured electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Tian Jinsen , Hu Yuanchao , Lu Wenfei , Zhu Jiahua , Liu Xiaodi , Shen Jun , Wang Gang , Schroers Jan
Published: February 2023

Development of an electrocatalyst that is cheap and has good properties to replace conventional noble metals is important for H2 applications. In this study, dealloying of an amorphous Ti37Cu60Ru3 alloy was performed to prepare a free‐standing nanostructured hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst. The effect of dealloying and addition of Ru to TiCu alloys on the microstructure and HER properties under alkaline conditions was investigated. 3 at.% Ru addition in Ti40Cu60 decreases the overpotential to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of the dealloyed samples to 35 and 34 mV dec−1. The improvement of electrocatalytic properties was attributed to the formation of a nanostructure and the modification of the electronic structure of the catalyst. First‐principles calculations based on density function theory indicate that Ru decreases the Gibbs free energy of water dissociation. This work presents a method to prepare an efficient electrocatalyst via dealloying of amorphous alloys.
Handily etching nickel foams into catalyst–substrate fusion self‐stabilized electrodes toward industrial‐level water electrolysis
Authors: Zhu Zexuan , Yang Xiaotian , Liu Jiao , Zhu Mingze , Xu Xiaoyong
Published: February 2023

The key challenge of industrial water electrolysis is to design catalytic electrodes that can stabilize high current density with low power consumption (i.e., overpotential), while industrial harsh conditions make the balance between electrode activity and stability more difficult. Here, we develop an efficient and durable electrode for water oxidation reaction (WOR), which yields a high current density of 1000 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of only 284 mV in 1 M KOH at 25°C and shows robust stability even in 6 M KOH strong alkali with an elevated temperature up to 80°C. This electrode is fabricated from a cheap nickel foam (NF) substrate through a simple one‐step solution etching method, resulting in the growth of ultrafine phosphorus doped nickel‐iron (oxy)hydroxide [P‐(Ni,Fe)OxHy] nanoparticles embedded into abundant micropores on the surface, featured as a self‐stabilized catalyst–substrate fusion electrode. Such self‐stabilizing effect fastens highly active P‐(Ni,Fe)OxHy species on conductive NF substrates with significant contribution to catalyst fixation and charge transfer, realizing a win–win tactics for WOR activity and durability at high current densities in harsh environments. This work affords a cost‐effective WOR electrode that can well work at large current densities, suggestive of the rational design of catalyst electrodes toward industrial‐scale water electrolysis.
Single‐atomic tungsten‐doped Co3O4 nanosheets for enhanced electrochemical kinetics in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wang Sangni , Hu Riming , Yuan Ding , Zhang Lei , Wu Chao , Ma Tianyi , Yan Wei , Wang Rui , Liu Liang , Jiang Xuchuan , Liu Hua Kun , Dou Shi Xue , Dou Yuhai , Xu Jiantie
Published: February 2023

The practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) is severely hindered by the undesirable shuttling of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and sluggish redox kinetics of sulfur species. Herein, a series of ultrathin single‐atomic tungsten‐doped Co3O4 (Wx‐Co3O4) nanosheets as catalytic additives in the sulfur cathode for LSBs are rationally designed and synthesized. Benefiting from the enhanced catalytic activity and optimized electronic structure by W doping, the Wx‐Co3O4 not only reduces the shuttling of LiPSs but also decreases the energy barrier of sulfur redox reactions of sulfur species, leading to accelerated electrode kinetic. As a result, LSB cathodes with the use of 5.0 wt% W0.02‐Co3O4 as the electrocatalyst show the high reversible capacities of 1217.0 and 558.6 mAh g−1 at 0.2 and 5.0 C, respectively, and maintain a high reversible capacity of 644.6 mAh g−1 at 1.0 C (1.0 C = 1675 mA g−1) after 500 cycles. With a high sulfur loading of 5.5 mg cm−2 and electrolyte–electrode ratio of 8 μLelectrolyte mgsulfur−1, the 5.0 wt% W0.02‐Co3O4‐based sulfur cathode also retains a high reversible areal capacity of 3.86 mAh cm−2 at 0.1 C after 50 cycles with an initial capacity retention of 84.7%.
Nano‐single‐crystal‐constructed submicron MnCO3 hollow spindles enabled by solid precursor transition combined Ostwald ripening in situ on graphene toward exceptional interfacial and capacitive lithium storage
Authors: Fei Jiamin , Zhao Shiqiang , Bo Xiaoxu , Xie Furong , Li Guanghui , Ahmed Ebrahim‐Alkhalil M. A. , Zhang Qingcheng , Jin Huile , Lin Zhiqun
Published: February 2023

Hollow structuring has been identified as an effective strategy to enhance the cycling stability of electrodes for rechargeable batteries due to the outstanding volume expansion buffering efficiency, which motivates ardent pursuing on the synthetic approaches of hollow materials. Herein, an intriguing route, combining solid precursor transition and Ostwald ripening (SPTOR), is developed to craft nano single‐crystal (SC)‐constructed MnCO3 submicron hollow spindles homogeneously encapsulated in a reduced graphene oxide matrix (MnCO3 SMHSs/rGO). It is noteworthy that the H‐bonding interaction between Mn3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) and oxygen‐containing groups on GO promotes uniform anchoring of Mn3O4 NPs on GO, mild reductant ascorbic acid triggers the progressive solid‐to‐solid transition from Mn3O4 NPs to MnCO3 submicron solid spindles (SMSSs) in situ on GO, and the Ostwald ripening process induces the gradual dissolution of interior polycrystals of MnCO3 SMSSs and subsequent recrystallization on surface SCs of MnCO3 SMHSs. Remarkably, MnCO3 SMHSs/rGO delivers a 500th lithium storage capacity of 2023 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1, which is 10 times higher than that of MnCO3 microspheres/rGO fabricated from a conventional Mn2+ salt precursor (202 mAh g−1). The ultrahigh capacity and ultralong lifespan of MnCO3 SMHSs/rGO can be primarily attributed to the superior reaction kinetics and reversibility combined with exceptional interfacial and capacitive lithium storage capability, enabled by the fast ion/electron transfer, large specific surface area, and robust electrode pulverization inhibition efficacy. Moreover, fascinating in‐depth lithium storage reactions of MnCO3 are observed such as the oxidation of Mn2+ in MnCO3 to Mn3+ in charge process after long‐term cycles and the further lithiation of Li2CO3 in discharge process. As such, the SPTOR approach may represent a viable strategy for crafting various hollow functional materials with metastable nanomaterials as precursors.