bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kooperation in vernetzten arbeitswelten: Einzelkämpfer vergeben Chancen
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: October 2019

„Um innovative Methoden und Techniken schneller für das Gesundheitswesen zugänglich zu machen, müssen wir uns austauschen – nicht nur national, sondern möglichst weltweit“, fordert Martin Krammer. Kooperation in vernetzten Arbeitswelten sei die Grundlage für effizienten Fortschritt.
16. DGIV-BUNDESKONGRESS: Faire Bedingungen für integrierte Versorgungsformen
Authors: Spitzer Stefan G.
Published: October 2019

Unter diesem Titel findet am 26. November 2019 in Berlin der 16. DGIV-Bundeskongress statt. Im Mittelpunkt der Veranstaltung stehen die sektorenübergreifende integrierte Versorgung und Vorschläge für einen einheitlichen Ordnungsrahmen im Schnittstellenbereich von ambulant und stationär.
Thermal transport in hollow metallic microlattices
Authors: Farzinazar Shiva , Schaedler Tobias , Valdevit Lorenzo , Lee Jaeho
Published: October 2019

While over the past decade architected cellular materials have been shown to possess unique mechanical properties, their thermal properties have received relatively little attention. Here, we investigate thermal transport in hollow nickel microlattices as a function of temperature and mechanical loading using infrared thermography. The effective thermal conductivity of hollow nickel microlattices with 99.9% porosity and 1 µm layer thickness is as low as 0.049 W m−1 K−1 at 320 K and increases to 0.075 W m−1 K−1 at 480 K, an increase we attribute to internal thermal radiation. By measuring the emissivity and using the Stephan-Boltzmann law, we estimate the contribution of thermal radiation in the effective thermal conductivity to range from 20% at 320 K to 49% at 480 K. The high porosity of microlattices strongly limits solid conduction and makes surface radiation very important in thermal transport. We further explore the impact of the strut surface condition by comparing hollow doped nickel microlattices with a smooth surface to those with a rough surface: the emissivity increases from 0.24 to 0.43, leading to increased thermal radiation contributions of 41% at 320 K to 58% at 480 K. Under mechanical loading, as the strain increases from 0% to 50%, decreasing the angle between the struts and the horizontal plane from 60° to 38°, the effective thermal conductivity decreases from 0.049 W m−1 K−1 to 0.016 W m−1 K−1. These findings indicate that architected cellular materials provide an excellent platform to control thermal properties independently on mechanical properties and to potentially develop thermal and thermomechanical metamaterials.
Frequency-modulated comb LIDAR
Authors: Kuse N. , Fermann M. E.
Published: October 2019

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave LIDAR (FMCW LIDAR) has been widely used for both scientific and industrial tools. Here, in this report, a new class of LIDAR technique based on an optical frequency comb, named frequency-modulated comb LIDAR (FMcomb LIDAR), is proposed. Instead of using one carrier such as FMCW LIDAR, the multiple carriers from an optical frequency comb are used in FMcomb LIDAR. Because of the correlation between comb modes, each frequency-scanned comb mode can be coherently stitched, thus allowing for a resolution equivalent to scanning by many comb modes while scanning only by the comb mode spacing. In a proof-of-concept experiment, three comb modes from an electro-optic frequency comb (EO comb) are coherently stitched, showing Fourier-transform limited resolution (defined as FWHM linewidth) of 10 ps (i.e., 1.5 mm in air) for about 65 ns delay. The obtained resolution is three-times higher than that of conventional FMCW LIDAR when the same scan range is considered.
A three-stage rotary transmission nanobearing driven by a gigahertz nanomotor
Authors: Liang Dong , Fu Zhongyu , Xu Zhen
Published: October 2019

In a transmission system, the rotational speed of the output can be adjusted by the system. In this study, we introduce a three-stage rotational transmission nanosystem model that uses carbon nanotubes with excellent mechanical properties to fabricate coaxially distributed nanomotors with three nanobearings. Driven by a gigahertz nanomotor at 300 K, the nanobearings are changed to adjust the output rotational frequency. In view of the differences in chirality and radius of the carbon nanotubes, 17 transmission models are established and tested by molecular dynamics simulation. The rotor’s rotational transmission ratio curves show the dynamic response of the transmission system. A better down-converting transmission system can be obtained when the radius of the rotating component is between 0.58nm and 0.88nm or the difference in radii between the rotating components is greater than 0.2 nm. From the results obtained by molecular dynamics simulation, some key points are demonstrated for future deceleration of the rotary nanomotor.
Ultra-compact structured light projector with all-dielectric metalenses for 3D sensing
Authors: Cheng J. , Sun Xueping , Zhou Shun , Pu Xinxin , Xu Naitao , Xu Yingshun , Liu Weiguo
Published: October 2019

The current structured light projector is generally large in size. In order to realize a compact and small-sized module, this paper proposes to substitute the conventional refractive lenses with the most popular meta-lenses to achieve compactness. This paper focuses on the analysis of the metalens performance requirements, design methods and simulation results. Varying diameters of these nano-pillar structures are used to adjust the phase of the electromagnetic wave to realize flat lens. Two types of all-dielectric meta-lenses are designed for using in ultra-compact structured light projector. Parameters of two meta-lenses at wavelength of 850nm are depicted as follows: the focal length f=500um, aperture size D=100um, numerical aperture NA=0.1, FWHM=0.323λ and the focal length is f=50um, aperture size is D=100um, numerical aperture is about NA=0.7, FWHM=0.598λ, respectively. At last, simulation results show that this solution can achieve an ultra-compact structured light projector, which is 77% smaller than the traditional technology.
Numerical analysis of the blood flow in the left ventricle with internal structures: Effect of trabeculae carneae models and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Miyauchi Suguru , Yamada Tomomi , Hosoi Koichi , Hayase Toshiyuki , Funamoto Kenichi
Published: October 2019

Internal structures of the inner wall of the left ventricle (LV), such as trabeculae carneae (TC) and papillary muscles, may reduce the blood flow velocity, resulting in thrombus formation in the LV of a healthy heart or a heart with atrial fibrillation. The purpose of the present study was to numerically clarify the effects of simplified TC models around the LV wall and atrial fibrillation on the blood flow field as a fundamental study. The LV model was constructed from magnetic resonance images, and the model considering atrial fibrillation was constructed based on the volume change data of a healthy subject from which volume increase with atrial contraction was removed. Numerical analysis was performed considering eight simplified TC models around the LV wall. The numerical results revealed that the oscillatory shear index and relative residence time (RRT) at the apex in the LV model with internal structures were larger than those in the LV model without internal structures, which indicates that the blood flow tends to stagnate. On the other hand, as a result of the LV model considering the atrial fibrillation, the time-averaged wall shear stress decreases and the RRT increases at valley points of the internal structures.
Generation and Rearrangement of (1-Hydroxycyclopropyl)- and (1-Hydroxycyclobutyl)carbene
Authors: DeAngelo Joseph D. , Hatano Sayaka , Thamattoor Dasan M.
Published: October 2019

Photolysis of exo-1-(1a,9b-dihydro-1H-cyclopropa[l]phenanthren-1-yl)cyclopropan-1-ol and exo-1-(1a,9b-dihydro-1H-cyclopropa[l]phenanthren-1-yl)cyclobutan-1-ol in benzene-d6 produces (1-hydroxycyclopropyl)- and (1-hydroxycyclobutyl)carbene respectively. It was observed that (1-hydroxycyclopropyl)carbene rearranges to cyclobutanone whereas (1-hydroxycyclobutyl)carbene forms cyclopentanone. Formation of both ketones is attributed to tautomerization of the corresponding enols that arise from ring expansion of the carbenes. Products assignable to intramolecular C–H insertions were not detected in the photolysates.
The noun-verb distinction in Catalan Sign
Language
Authors: Ribera-Llonc Eulàlia , Espinal M. Teresa , Quer Josep
Published: October 2019

This paper investigates the morpho-phonological differences
between the members of related noun-verb pairs in Catalan Sign Language. Like
parallel investigations in other sign languages, our experimental work provides
evidence that the major differentiating factors between related nouns and verbs
materialize in the movement component of signs and non-manual markers, thus
providing empirical support to the hypothesis that most noun-verb pairs have
different morpho-phonological properties. We distinguish different types of
movements, which we categorize into four regular morphological subgroups. We
also take into account a fifth group that shows no apparent movement
distinction. Concerning non-manual markers, we provide empirical evidence that
nouns are mostly produced simultaneously with mouthing, in contrast to verbs,
which in a smaller proportion are produced mainly with mouth gestures.
Crucially, the fifth group presents the largest ratio of mouthing for nouns and
even for verbs. We address these findings within an exo-skeletal theoretical
syntactic approach (Borer 2005a,b, 2013, 2014).
General use coordination in Japanese and Japanese Sign
Language
Authors: Asada Yuko
Published: October 2019

Davidson (2013) shows
that in American Sign Language (ASL), conjunction and disjunction can be
expressed by the same general use coordinator (cf. mary drink tea coord
coffee ‘Mary drank tea and coffee; Mary drank tea or coffee.’). To
derive these two meanings, she proposes an alternative semantic analysis whereby
the two interpretations arise through universal or existential quantification
over a set of alternatives licensed by (non-)linguistic cues, such as contexts
and prosodic or lexical material. This paper provides supportive evidence for
Davidson’s analysis from two other languages, Japanese and Japanese Sign
Language. These languages are shown to employ general use coordination similar
to that in ASL, but the general use coordinators in the three languages differ
in one important respect: the locality of lexical elements that induce a
disjunctive meaning. It is suggested that this cross-linguistic variation can be
attributed to language-specific properties that concern the Q-particle discussed
in Uegaki (2014, 2018).
Suppressed coral settlement following mass bleaching in the southern Persian/Arabian Gulf
Authors: Burt John A. , Bauman Andrew G.
Published: October 2019

Coral reefs in the southern Persian/Arabian Gulf have become increasingly degraded in the past two decades, mainly due to recurrent mass coral bleaching events. The recovery of these reefs will be largely contingent upon the arrival and settlement of coral larvae and their post settlement growth and survival. Spatial and temporal patterns of coral settlement were quantified on 10 sites spanning >350 km of the southern Gulf using settlement tiles for two years when consecutive bleaching events occurred. Coral settlement was highly seasonal, with peak settlement occurring in summer each year (>95% of spat), with the remainder of settlement in autumn. Coral settlement was >2-fold greater in the first year (928 spat) compared to the second year (397 spat) representing overall settlement densities of 95 m−2 yr−1 versus 40 m−2 yr−1. The dramatic declines in larval settlement between years suggests bleaching-related impacts on fecundity occurred during the gametogenic cycle late in the first year, as well as impaired survivorship of larvae and/or spat during the second year when severe bleaching coincided with the peak settlement period. Poritids and merulinids (‘others’) comprised 4% and 94% of the spat, respectively, while acroporids were virtually absent (1 recorded spat), suggesting the continued extirpation of this formerly dominant group and a continuing shift towards more stress-tolerant assemblages. Settlement rates in the southern Gulf are low in comparison to other marginal reef environments, and the bleaching-related suppression of settlement observed here suggests that larval supply is unlikely to be sufficient to support recovery of these increasingly degraded habitats. Given the increasing frequency of bleaching events in the southern Gulf the prognosis for the future of regional reefs is grim.
Isotropic non-local Gilbert damping driven by spin pumping in epitaxial Pd/Fe films on MgO(001) substrates
Authors: Li Y , Li Y , Liu Q , Xie Z K , Vetter E , Yuan Z , He W , Liu H L , Sun D L , Xia K , Yu W , Sun Y B , Zhao J J , Zhang X Q , Cheng Z H
Published: October 2019

Although both theoretical predictions and experimental observations have demonstrated that the Gilbert damping is anisotropic at ferromagnet/semiconductor interface possessing robust interfacial spin–orbit coupling, it is not well understood whether non-local Gilbert damping driven by spin pumping in heavy metal/ferromagnetic metallic bilayers is anisotropic or not. Here, we investigated the angular and frequency dependence of magnetic relaxation in epitaxial Pd/Fe films on MgO(001) substrates. After disentangling parasitic contributions, we unambiguously observe that the non-local Gilbert damping is isotropic in the Fe(001) plane, suggesting that the spin transport across the Pd/Fe interface is independent of the Fe magnetization orientation. First principles calculations reveal that the effective spin mixing conductance of the Pd/Fe interface is nearly invariant for different magnetization directions, in good agreement with the experimental observations. These results offer valuable insight into spin transport in metallic bilayers, and facilitate the development of next-generation spintronic devices.
Effects of Temperature on The Quality of Garlic (Allium sativum L) cv. Lumbu Kuning During Storage
Authors: Purwanto Y A , Sobir  , Sulassih  , Naibaho N , Pratama S Y , Nurmalia
Published: October 2019

The quality of garlic bulbs may be deteriorated under storage. This work aimed to study the effect of storage temperature on the quality of garlic during storage. A local garlic variety, i.e. Lumbu Kuning was used in the study. The bulbs were collected from a farmer. After drying, the bulbs were subjected to different temperature storage conditions, i.e. 0°>C; 7°C (RH 50-70%, darkness), and a room temperature (29-31°C, RH 70-80%). The treated bulbs were stored for 6 months. The parameters observed were weight, numbers of empty and sprouted bulbs. The treatments were carried out in three replications (54-67 bulbs or 300 g per replicate). The results showed that the highest weight loss was found from the bulbs stored at 7°C (25.08%), followed those stored at the room temperature (18.76%) and 0°C (10.47%). The highest sprouting percentage occurred in those stored at 7°C (25.16%). The empty bulbs percentage was found for that garlic stored at 0°C and a room temperature were 6% and 13%, respectively. The study suggests that storage condition at 0°C is recommended for long-term storage of garlic bulbs.
Alkaline Pre-Treatment of Gelidium Latifolium and Caulerpa Racemosa for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Setyaningsih D , Hidayat A , Aryanti E Yan V , Muna N
Published: October 2019

Raw material pre-treatment becomes an important step in the bioetanol production from macroalgae. It’s help to breakdown sulfated groups and lignin, facilitate the hydrolysis process to increase reducing sugars. Gelidium latifolium and Caulerpa racemosa are red and green algae which used for bioethanol production in this study. The carbohydrate content was 23.81% and 30.54% respectively. The study aims to evaluate the effect of alkaline pre-treatment to the chemical characteristics of macroalgae, productivity of sugar and bioethanol. The alkaline used was sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with a concentration of 0.05 and 0.1 N, soaking time for 3 days at room temperature. From the result, it was known that water and alkaline pre-treatment increased cellulose content for both macroalgae, as well as yield of reducing sugars. The highest reducing sugar for G. latifolium was 5.26% w/v obtained from 0.1 N NaOH pre-treatment. While for C. racemosa it was 7.67% w/v obtained from the one which submerged on water. G. latifolium treated with 0.05 N NaOH has the highest ethanol content of 6.3 ml/L with 21.94% fermentation efficiency and 37.30% substrate efficiency. On the other hand, the highest ethanol production for C. racemosa obtained from water immersion of 7 ml/L with 17.26% fermentation efficiency and 15.41% substrate efficiency.
Effective Management System of Rice Processing Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Rachmat R , Rahayu E , Hadipernata M , Kim J
Published: October 2019

Unbalance ratio between rice plant area and number of rice milling unit causes tight business competition on its business so it has low productivity and profitability.Measures for enhancing productivity need to be taken. There are some similarity situations between Indonesia and Korea related to rice consumption and industry. Objectives of this study are to conduct comparative study between Indonesian and Korean rice industry and arrange recommendations about providing stable paddy supply for the rice processing industry in Indonesia. Methodologyof the study are discussion, field observation, data analysis, and arrange recommendations. The results showed that Indonesian Government and Korean Government have different structure on rice processing industry. Therefore, Indonesian Government and Korean Government enacted different policies priority on strengthening and fostering rice processing industry.Based on lesson learn from Korean experiences, some recommendations for sustainable paddy supply for the rice processing industry in Indonesia are Indonesian Government should improve postharvest system and management on rice processing, to revitalize agriculture cooperative, and to conduct business networking among rice processing industries to reduce competition in the rice business.
The Study Of Paddy Harvest Losses Determination on Tidal Land in Tanjung Jabung Timur Region Jambi Province
Authors: Nofriati D , Asni N , Primilestari S
Published: October 2019

Good postharvest handling is harvest handling to postharvest activities in accordance with the principles of Good Handling Practices (GHP). GHP implementation is expected to improve the quality of agricultural products and suppress lost harvest. In the paddy commodity, the implementation of GHP covers harvest based on appropriate harvest index, way to harvest, threshing, drying, grinding and storage. The objective of the study was initiated to determine harvest losess and suitability of GHP implementation in reducing losses at harvest and postharvest in the tidal land of Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency. The study was done with observation approach to determine the suitability of postharvest handling innovation based on GHP implementation. To determine of harvest losses by calculate using a formula (SP) = SPS + SSP directly in the field. The results showed that losses at harvest time based on GHP implementation was 1.6% (Inpara 3 varieties), 1.5% (Ciherang varieties) whereas with the way of farmers losses at harvest was higher about 5.1% (Inpara 3) and 4.5% (Ciherang). The results showed that in general situation the farmers were not practicing GHP on harvest and postharvest process.
Response of Banana CV Mas Kirana (Musa acuminata Colla cv.) on Ethylene Treatments
Authors: Nurdjannah R , Jamal I B , Syaefullah E , Broto W
Published: October 2019

Banana cv mas (Musa acuminata, L.) is one type of banana which is the superior fruit of Indonesia. Banana has the highest production among fruits in Indonesia. Besides having a delicious taste of banana cv mas kirana has a very interesting appearance, but the simultaneous ripened fruit in large numbers becomes an obstacle in its trade. Ethylene treatment is the primary choice to overcome the trade obstacles. The treatments given for banana fruit were: (i) The concentration of ethylene are 0, 100, 150 and 200 ppm with 24 hours of exposure duration; (ii) Temperature of ripening room (ripening chamber): ambient (25-30°C) and (15-20°C) with RH in the range 80 - 95% and CO2 observations / measurements performed periodically to keep the concentration not more than 1% in ripening room / chamber. Banana cv mas kirana look ripe simultaneously on ethylene treatment occurring on the fifth day in the room with ambient condition, while the skin color of banana control is still green. While the banana cv mas kirana simultaneously ripens after the seventh day. The concentration of ethylene at 100 ppm is effective and efficient for ripening the banana cv mas kirana
Profile of Modified Sorghum Flour Fermented by Lactobacillus Brevis
Authors: Rahayu E , Hidayah N , Adiandri R S
Published: October 2019

Lactobacillus brevis is an excellent species of lactic acid bacteria for improving functional and physicochemical properties of flour. The study aimed to characterize sorghum flour profiles modified using Lactobacillus brevis. Sorghum grains of a local variety KD4 was polished using a mini polisher. The flour was fermented with L.brevis at different concentrations. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized, two factors and three replications. The first factor was microbial concentrations (0.5; 0.10; 0.15; 0.20%) and the second factor was fermentation time (4, 8, and 12 hours). The results showed that the microbial concentrations and fermentation time affected the physicochemical properties of the flour such as starch content, amylose, bulk density, and whiteness degree of flour. Increasing the fermentation temperatures increased the swelling power of starch and resulted in high solubility of the granules. Sorghum starch solubility was influenced by amylose content. The longer the time of incubation, the lower the tannin content. Flour water absorption ranged from 11.58 to 21.81%, whereas oil absorption had no significant differences. The study suggests that L.brevis in a concentration of 0.20% and 12 hour of fermentation can be used in the fermentation of sorghum flour.
Effect of Freezing Temperature and Duration on Physicochemical Characteristics of Instant Rice
Authors: Sasmitaloka K S , Widowati S , Sukasih E
Published: October 2019

Instant rice is becoming more popular in modern lifestyle. This study investigated the effect of freezing temperature and duration on physicochemical characteristics of instant rice. Raw material used in this study was rice with two different amylose content, i.e. high (> 25%) and intermediate (20-25%). The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with treatments of freezing temperature (-20 and -4°C) and time (12, 18, and 24 hour), with three replications. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that between freezing temperature and duration were significantly different of their physicochemical characteristics (p<0.05). The best freezing temperature and duration for both of rice was -4°C for 24 hour. Characteristics of instant rice from high amylose were rehydration time of 4.97 minutes, rehydration ratio of 3.14, density of 0.55 gr/ml, volume expansion of 178.99%, water absorption 55.44%, and yield recovery of 88.67%. This product contained of 6.57% moisture, 0.40% ash, 0.21% fat, and 7.92% protein. While, characteristics of instant rice from intermediate amylose were rehydration time of 4.07 minutes, rehydration ratio of 3.29, density of 0.57 gr/ml, volume expansion of 169.64%, water absorption 56.90%, yield recovery of 92.05%. This product contained of 7.58% moisture, 0.70% ash, 0.42% fat, and 7.92% protein.
Optimization of Liquid Sugar Production Process from Sago (Metroxylon spp.)
Authors: Budiyanto A , Arif A B , Richana N
Published: October 2019

The level of sugar consumption will increase along with the population and income increasing. Sago can be used as an alternative raw material of sugar. This study was aimed to determine the characteristics of sago starch. The study were includes several stages: sago starch leaching, characterization and optimization of liquid sugar production from sago starch. Optimation of liquid sugar process was done by starch and water ratio (1: 4, 1: 5, 1: 6). The α- amylase and the amyloglucosidase were comprised of three levels concentration: 0.8 ml kg−1, 1.0 ml kg−1 and 1.2 ml kg−1 starch. The result showed that physical characteristics of sago starch were fine powder, white colour, normal sago taste and normal sago flavor. The results also showed that sago starch did not contain lead, mercury and arsenic, with a total plate count of 4.5x101 CFU/g and did not contain mold. The optimum condition of liquid sugar production was obtained by the starch water ratio 1: 4 with α-amylase 1.2 ml kg−1 starch and amyloglukosidase 1.2 ml kg−1 starch. The liquid sugar produced had physical characteristics of 60° Brix, sweet taste, typical sweet aroma of sugar, and reddish-yellow color.
Effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene Release from Inclusion Complexes Powder on the Quality of Tomato by Short-Term Treatment
Authors: Ariyanto H D , Bercis M N , Yoshii H
Published: October 2019

Effect of 1-MCP release from inclusion complexes in α–cyclodextrin (α-CD) on tomato during storage at room temperature was investigated. Fourteen tomatoes in each closed polystyrene box were treated with 5, 15 and 30 mg of 1-MCP inclusion complex powders, respectively. 1–MCP treatment was carried out for 24 h using closed type of polystyrene boxes. Then, the tomatoes were moved to the polystyrene box with holes to continue storage time. The visible colour test was done after 6, 12 and 18-dyas storage time. The average values of red colour index,a* were 21.5, 23.9 and 30.3 for the untreated tomatoes after 6, 12 and 18-days storage, respectively. 1-MCP treatment shows significant effect on the colour change during storage. The results indicated that the treatment of 1 -MCP in tomatoes was useful to delay the ripening and prolong shelf life after post-harvest processing.
Gram-negative bloodstream infections and sepsis: risk factors, screening tools and surveillance
Authors: Mitchell Eleanor , Pearce Mark S , Roberts Anthony
Published: October 2019

Introduction and background

Incidence of gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSIs) and sepsis are rising in the UK. Healthcare-associated risk factors have been identified that increase the risk of infection and associated mortality. Current research is focused on identifying high-risk patients and improving the methods used for surveillance.

Sources of data

Comprehensive literature search of the topic area using PubMed (Medline). Government, professional and societal publications were also reviewed.

Areas of agreement

A range of healthcare-associated risk factors independently associate with the risk of GNBSIs and sepsis.

Areas of controversy

There are calls to move away from using simple comorbidity scores to predict the risk of sepsis-associated mortality, instead more advanced multimorbidity models should be considered.

Growing points and areas for developing research

Advanced risk models should be created and evaluated for their ability to predict sepsis-associated mortality. Investigations into the accuracy of NEWS2 to predict sepsis-associated mortality are required.
Differential Constituents in Roots, Stems and Leaves of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Screened by UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Rui Wen , Xia Wanxia , Zhao Wei , Li Bingling , Li Jian , Feng Yifan , Chen Hongyuan , Zhao Shujin
Published: October 2019

The differential constituents in leaves, stems and roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) and by multivariate statistical analysis. The established extraction and analysis method showed relative standard deviations (RSDs) for intra-day precision of less than 3.40%, for repeatability of less than 4.06% and for stability of less than 5.10%. Principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis of the UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS data showed good ability to classify the leaves, stems and roots of P. multiflorum Thunb. The differential constituents, such as stilbenes, polygoacetophenoside, flavonoids and anthraquinones, accounting for variations between the leaves, stems and roots, were filtered through the variable importance in projection values and were further identified by elemental composition analysis, mass fragmentation data and retention times of available standards. Differences between the chemical compositions in the leaves, stems and roots of P. multiflorum Thunb. were closely related to their various therapeutic effects. This UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS-based analytical strategy could be further utilized to evaluate the overall quality of traditional Chinese medicines and their differences of chemical constituents in different parts of the plant and/or in the plants of different geographical locations.
Self-efficacy and doctor support as mediators of depression outcomes following counselling by family doctors for intimate partner violence
Authors: Valpied Jodie , Hegarty Kelsey , Brown Stephanie , O’doherty Lorna
Published: October 2019

Background

Previous research shows counselling delivered by trained family doctors reduces depression for women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). However, the potential for self-efficacy, doctor support and safety enquiry to mediate these effects has not been examined.

Objectives

To assess whether (i) women experiencing IPV and counselled by a trained family doctor report greater self-efficacy, perceived doctor support and enquiry about safety than those receiving usual care and (ii) whether self-efficacy, doctor support and enquiry mediate effects of counselling on depression for these women.

Methods

Quantitative analysis as part of a process evaluation of data from a cluster randomized controlled trial of 272 female IPV survivors attending 52 Australian primary care clinics. Intervention group doctors were trained to deliver brief counselling. Comparison group doctors received standard IPV information. Intervention patients were invited to receive counselling from their trained doctor. Comparison patients received usual care. Data were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Path analysis tested mediation effects from trial arm to depression via self-efficacy, doctor support and safety enquiry at 6 and 12 months, controlling for baseline and abuse level.

Results

At 6 months, mean perceived doctor support was higher for intervention than comparison patients and mediated depression effect. At 12 months, mean self-efficacy was higher for intervention than comparison patients and mediated depression effect. Mediation effects for doctor enquiry were non-significant.

Conclusions

Counselling by trained family doctors can help increase support and self-efficacy of women who have experienced IPV, mediating reduced depression.
Effects of a high-cultivation temperature on the physiology of three differentYarrowia lipolyticastrains
Authors: Hackenschmidt S , Bracharz F , Daniel R , Thürmer A , Bruder S , Kabisch J
Published: October 2019

Despite the increasing relevance, ranging from academic research to industrial applications, only a limited number of non-conventional, oleaginous Yarrowia lipolytica strains are characterized in detail. Therefore, we analyzed three strains in regard to their metabolic and physiological properties, especially with respect to important characteristics of a production strain. By investigating different cultivation conditions and media compositions, similarities and differences between the distinct strain backgrounds could be derived. Especially sugar alcohol production, as well as an agglomeration of cells were found to be connected with growth at high temperatures. In addition, sugar alcohol production was independent of high substrate concentrations under these conditions. To investigate the genotypic basis of particular traits, including growth characteristics and metabolite concentrations, genomic analysis were performed. We found sequence variations for one third of the annotated proteins but no obvious link to all phenotypic features.
Dissolved Organic Matter Characteristics and Important Site Factors in a Subtropical Mountain Forest in Central China
Authors: Wang Min , Liao Chang , Tian Qiuxiang , Wang Dongya , Wu Yu , Tang Yanan , Liu Feng
Published: October 2019

Dissolved organic matter is important in the vertical and lateral translocation of nutrients in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about the changes in dissolved organic matter concentration and chemical components in ecosystem sources in humid mountain forests. Here, we measured the concentration and chemical components of dissolved organic matter at throughfall, stemflow, litter leachate, runoff, and soil pore water (at depths of 10 cm, 30 cm, and 60 cm) in a subtropical humid mountain forest during two growing seasons. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved nitrogen showed a clear monthly trend. The dissolved organic carbon concentration and the proportion of hydrophobic organic acid in the surficial water were higher than those in the soil pore water, and this difference was accompanied by a decrease in the hydrophobic organic acid concentration from the surficial water to the soil pore water. We also found that dissolved organic matter properties in surficial water were related to canopy cover, tree species, litter carbon content, and slope, whereas dissolved organic matter in soil pore water was associated with soil C, N, and P content and pH. In addition, the rainfall pattern is important to the dissolved organic matter concentration and partitioning within the seven sources. These findings showed that the dissolved organic carbon movement from surficial water into soil pore water is a significant component of carbon cycling in forest ecosystems, and this is important in estimating the carbon budget in forest ecosystems.
Structural Social Support and Changes in Depression During the Retirement Transition: “I Get by With a Little Help from My Friends”
Authors: Kail Ben Lennox , Carr Dawn C
Published: October 2019

Objectives

This study evaluated whether (a) retirement was associated with increased depressive symptoms, (b) four sources social support were associated with decreased depressive symptoms, and (c) whether the relationship between retirement and depressive symptoms varied across four sources social support.

Method

Health and Retirement Study data were used to assess whether four measures of structural support moderated the association between transitioning to full retirement (relative to remaining in full-time work) and symptoms of depression.

Results

Results from two-stage mixed-effects multilevel models indicated (a) on average retirement was associated with a small but significant increase in depressive symptoms after adjusting for preretirement social support, (b) on average, social support not associated with changes in symptoms of depression, but (c) social support from friends moderates the association between retirement and symptoms of depression such that at low levels of social support, retirement was associated with a sizeable increase in depressive symptoms, but this association decreased as level of social support from friends increased.

Discussion

Results suggest people with low levels of social support may benefit from actively cultivating friendships in retirement to help mitigate some of deleterious effects of retirement.
Uncovering the relative influences of space and environment in shaping the biogeographic patterns of mangrove mollusk diversity
Authors: Chen Guogui , Wang Wenqing , Liu Yi , Zhang Yamian , Ma Wei , Xin Kun , Wang Mao
Published: October 2019

Determining the relative importance of ecological processes regulating the biogeographic patterns of marine species, especially with respect to α- and β-diversity in multi-habitat communities, is a central goal in marine ecology. We explored the relative contribution of spatial (stochastic processes) and environmental factors (deterministic processes) to the biogeographic patterns of the α- and β-diversity of mangrove mollusks. A total of 16 mangrove areas were sampled in southeast coast China from 18°N to 28°N latitude. The highest mean α-diversity was found at 20°N and that of β-diversity was at 21°N. Both spatial and environmental factors had significant effects on the α- and β-diversity patterns. The environments had greater effects than the spaces on shaping the α-diversity pattern, while the spaces were relatively more important in governing the β-diversity patterns than the environments. Our results suggest that the α-diversity pattern was mainly controlled by deterministic processes (environmental filtering), while β-diversity was primarily shaped by stochastic processes (dispersal-related), although both processes had significant impacts on α- and β-diversity patterns. Identifying the ecological variables and mechanisms that drive variations in α- and β-diversity may help guide the conservation for biodiversity in endangered mangrove ecosystems under anthropogenic and global changes.
Empowerment in the Asylum-seeker Regime? The Roles of Policies, the Non-profit Sector and Refugee Community Organizations in Hong Kong
Authors: Lau Pui Yan Flora
Published: October 2019

This article presents an analysis of the extent to which non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and refugee community organizations (RCOs) empower asylum seekers in Hong Kong. Based on 28 in-depth interviews with asylum seekers and five interviews with NGO managers, the author argues that mainstream NGOs adopt the traditional roles of Provider and Liberator, whereas RCOs take up ‘alternative roles’ in addition to a limited range of traditional roles. Mainstream NGOs determine and hierarchize the needs and wants of their clients and cater only to the former. This, in turn, is experienced as disempowerment by service recipients, who feel that the NGOs are not working for the recipients’ benefit, but rather to further their own agenda. RCOs proactively engage in policy advocacy, although this has yet to enhance their popularity among asylum seekers. Overall, the major challenges to empowerment for asylum seekers in Hong Kong are the financial dependence of mainstream NGOs on the government, the Hong Kong government’s perceptions of welfare policy and civil society, the existence of the international refugee regime and disunity among asylum seekers.
Sunitinib cause delayed complete response on metastatic RCC and extensive IVC thrombus, but not to the kidney tumor: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Beltagy Ahmad , Ismail Asmaa , Elmansy Hazem , Shahrour Walid , Prowse Owen , Kotb Ahmed
Published: October 2019

The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is currently debated, with the advancements in target therapy development. The aim of our work was to present an interesting case report with mini review to describe the important role of cytoreductive nephrectomy for kidney cancer control that failed to respond well to Sutent, in spite of good response for all metastases. Medline review of related English publication was conducted and included to the study. RCC response to Sutent is inferior to the response of its metastases. Cytoreductive nephrectomy still plays an important role in metastatic RCC and may be an integral part for cancer control, in properly selected patients.
Appendiceal diverticulitis presenting as acute appendicitis diagnosed postoperatively
Authors: Albeeshi Majid Z , Alwanyan Abdullah A , Salim Alaa A , Albabtain Ibrahim T
Published: October 2019

Appendiceal diverticular disease is a rare entity. We report a case of appendiceal diverticulitis mimicking acute appendicitis and diagnosed postoperatively on histopathology. A 28-year-old female presented with a 2-day history of shifting periumbilical pain associated with nausea and anorexia. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen demonstrated acute appendicitis. She was taken to laparoscopic appendectomy. Histopathology showed appendiceal diverticulitis, and perforation of an inflamed diverticulum with periappendicitis. Diverticulosis of the appendix is classified as congenital and acquired. Diagnosis can be made preoperatively by imaging. In this case, diverticulosis was not radiologically evident, and was interpreted as acute appendicitis. Gross appearance of the resected appendix was not suggestive of diverticulitis. Other cases reported that the gross specimen had evidence of diverticular disease. Surgeons should be aware that inflamed appendixes may harbor different pathologies warranting further management.
Are all vaccines safe for the pregnant traveller? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nasser Roni , Rakedzon Stav , Dickstein Yaakov , Mousa Amjad , Solt Ido , Peterisel Neta , Feldman Tzah , Neuberger Ami
Published: October 2019

Pregnant travellers and their offspring are vulnerable to severe outcomes following a wide range of infections. Vaccine-preventable diseases can have a particularly severe course in pregnant women, but little is known about the safety of travel vaccines in pregnant women. We performed a systematic review of all published literature concerning the safety of vaccines frequently given to travellers such as yellow fever, MMR (mumps, measles and rubella), influenza, Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis), meningococcus, hepatitis A and B, rabies, polio, typhoid fever, tick-borne encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis vaccines. We included case series, cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). For the meta-analysis, we included only RCTs that compared the administration of a vaccine to placebo or to no vaccine. Outcome measures included severe systemic adverse events, maternal outcomes related to the course of pregnancy, neonatal outcomes and local adverse events. We calculated the risk ratio and its 95% confidence interval as the summary measure. The safety of influenza vaccine is supported by high-quality evidence. For Tdap vaccine, no evidence of any harm was found in the meta-analysis of RCTs. A slight increase in chorioamnionitis rate was reported in 3 out of 12 observational studies. However, this small possible risk is far outweighed by a much larger benefit in terms of infant morbidity and mortality. Meningococcal vaccines are probably safe during pregnancy, as supported by RCTs comparing meningococcal vaccines to other vaccines. Data from observational studies support the safety of hepatitis A, hepatitis B and rabies vaccines, as well as that of the live attenuated yellow fever vaccine. We found little or no data about the safety of polio, typhoid, Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis and MMR vaccines during pregnancy.
Fiduciaries, bribes and constructive trusts—a policy-based justification
Authors: Belshaw Mark
Published: October 2019

The Supreme Court in FHR European Ventures LLP v Cedar Capital Partners LLC [2015] AC 250 made clear that a fiduciary who breaches his fiduciary duties by receiving a bribe will hold that bribe on constructive trust for his principal. This article suggests that the law’s response to a breach of fiduciary duty is focused on the wrong of breach, rather than on enforcing the fiduciary’s primary duties. Viewed through this prism, a more thorough justification than that identified by the Supreme Court is necessary for imposing a constructive trust over a bribe. This article suggests that there is no principled reason for imposing a constructive trust, but that the justification is rooted in the policies underlying the entirety of the law of fiduciary duties—deterrence and prophylaxis.
Smoking cessation, metabolic risk behaviors, and stress management over time in a sample of young adult smokers
Authors: Vogel Erin A , Ramo Danielle E
Published: October 2019

Smoking cessation may support changes in metabolic risk behaviors (e.g., high-fat diet, physical inactivity, poor sleep, low fruit and vegetable consumption [FVC]). We examined the association between smoking cessation and metabolic risk behavior profiles, mediated by readiness to change risk behaviors and moderated by stress management. Participants were young adult smokers in a randomized controlled trial of a Facebook smoking cessation intervention. Measures included stage of change for five metabolic risk behaviors: FVC, diet, physical activity, sleep hygiene, and stress management. Moderated mediation was used to examine relationships between smoking cessation at T1 (predictor), readiness to change metabolic risk behaviors at T2 (mediators), stress management at T3 (moderator), and metabolic risk behavior profile at T3 (outcome) over 9 months. T1 smoking abstinence was associated with greater readiness to increase FVC at T2, which predicted lower likelihood of T3 metabolic risk (β = −0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.53, −0.03]). This indirect effect was moderated by stress management such that greater readiness to increase FVC at T2 was associated with lower T3 metabolic risk for participants with unmanaged stress (β = −0.90, 95% CI [−1.32, −0.49], p < .001), but not for participants with well-managed stress (β = −.22, 95% CI [−0.48, 0.04], p = .096). Young adults who quit smoking subsequently had lower metabolic risk behaviors. Among participants with unmanaged stress, those who quit smoking had greater readiness to increase FVC and lower likelihood of subsequent metabolic risk. Smoking cessation interventions could aim to teach broadly applicable behavior change skills and build confidence for decreasing metabolic risk.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and Patient Activation: What Are Their Roles in Orthopedic Trauma?
Authors: Grogan Moore Meredith L. , Jayakumar Prakash , Laverty David , Hill Austin D. , Koenig Karl M.
Published: October 2019

The rise of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measurement across medicine has been swift and now extends to the world of orthopedic trauma. However, PRO measures (PROMs) applied to trauma patients pose special considerations; measuring “episodes of care” is less straightforward, injuries are heterogeneous in their severity, and the patient's initial visit is “postinjury.” Obtaining baseline scores and assessing the impact of a traumatic event on mental health are key considerations. Currently, few, if any, trauma registries include PROs; though general and condition-specific PROMs plus the patient empowerment measure of Patient Activation represent meaningful inputs for the clinical decision-making process. To be useful in trauma care, PROMs should be psychometrically sound and validated, be used for capturing function, screen for mental state and substance use, and give the clinician a sense of the patient's “activation” (engagement in their own health). Although the implementation of routine PRO collection can seem daunting, clinicians can use a multitude of electronic resources to access validated measures and simplify the implementation process. Computer-adaptive testing has evolved to help minimize patient burden, and PROM collection must maximize efficiency. Once established as part of your practice, PROs become an important tool to track recovery, identify mental health issues, engage in the prevention of future injury, and enable care of the whole patient.