bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Brief Technical Note on the Onset of Convection in a Horizontal Nanofluid Layer of Finite Depth via Wakif-Galerkin Weighted Residuals Technique (WGWRT)
Authors: Wakif Abderrahim , Animasaun Isaac Lare , Sehaqui Rachid
Published: May 2021

The onset of convection in a horizontal nanofluid layer of finite depth is a subject that can never be over-emphasized as it plays a significant role in controlling the transport phenomenon within a nanofluidic medium. This body of knowledge led to a doubtful report in 2014 by Nield and Kuznetsov concerning some obtained equations and established results. However, the accuracy of the thermal stability characteristics is strongly dependent on the used model as well as the employed methodological procedure. In this report, countable models are suggested as a better improvement of the aforementioned analysis. Either mathematical or technical point of view, it is worth concluding that the approximate analytical results elaborated by Nield and Kuznetsov can be improved properly by using the models presented herein.
The Effect of Temperature Width on Dielectric Constant of Vanadium Dioxide
Authors: Abdul-Ameer Nidhal M. , Khaleel Imad H. , Hasan Shaymaa Qasim Abdul , Abdulrida Moafak C.
Published: May 2021

A significant influence of temperature width found on the vanadium oxide properties, it plays a major role in highlighting the thermal limits of the three phases (metallic, semiconductor, and dielectric). Two values of the temperature width , and , had taken and studied their effect on both the dielectric constant and its two parts; refractive index, and extinction coefficient, and. It found that: as the temperature width is greater, the more the properties of the three phases for . In addition to increasing the thermal range for phases which can be reached to when , while it's at . Our results have achieved great compatibility with the published results globally. In addition to the effect of both ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation on vanadium oxide, according to the different phases of the metal, semiconductor, and dielectric, where the behavior of any of them differs according to the effect of the radiation affecting it. It is noted that the behavior is almost identical to both the extinction coefficient, and refractive at the visible region, on the contrary other two regions where the behavior of the three phases is evident in it.
Evaluation of the Inhibitive Effect of Ibuprofen Drug on the Acidic Corrosion of Aluminium 6063 Alloy
Authors: Fajobi Muyiwa Adedapo , Fayomi Ojo Sunday Issac , Akande Godwin , Odunlami Olayemi Abosede , Oluwole Olugbemiga Oluleke
Published: May 2021

This research examined the corrosion inhibition potency of inhibitive Ibuprofen drug (IID)on aluminium 6063. The effect of the inhibitive drug was tested in 0.5 M of H2SO4 solutionusing potentiodynamic method. The concentration of IID was mixed to the acidic mediumin 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ml respectively. The polarization experiment shows IID adsorbed onaluminium specimens. Increase in IID concentration decreases corrosion rate of aluminiumspecimens. Maximum inhibitive efficiency of 80.58 % and further studies on the inhibitoryeffect of the drug inhibitor revealed that Freundlich isotherm displayed a regressioncoefficient value of 0.7893 while Langmuir isotherm exhibits a regression coefficient valueof 0.8864. These values of regression establish the reliability of IID as inhibitor, whichshows that IID can be used as inhibitor corrosion of aluminium in aggressive environmentsuch as marine and petrochemical industries where protection of aluminium is a necessity.
Chemical Adsorption Data’s, Temperature Effect and Structural Properties of Artemether-Lumefantrine Corrosion Inhibition Properties on Structural Steel in 0.62M NaCl
Authors: Odunlami Olayemi Abosede , Fayomi Ojo Sunday Issac , Tijani Samuel , Fayomi Juwon Ojo
Published: May 2021

Chemical and marine components are faced with corrosion resulting from salty media in an application, which ends up in serious catastrophe. In an attempt to provide and curtail this challenge of toxic use of inorganic inhibitors, properties of Artemether/Lumefantrine was examined as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.625M sodium chloride (NaCl) medium. The corrosion propagation under different inhibitor concentrations between 0-20 ml and the temperature difference of 298-323K was examined using linear potentiodynamic polarisation and open circuit potential. The structural pitting evolution was done using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. From the data, the activation energy of the corrosion reaction increased with increasing inhibitor concentration, suggesting that it inhibits corrosion by increasing the energy required to initiate the corrosion reaction. The Gibbs free energies of adsorption fall within the range of-10.08 and-13.87 kJ/mol, which is greater than-20 kJ/mol; thus, the artemether-lumefantrine inhibitor exhibited physical type adsorption. The values of the free energy of adsorption were all negative. The Langmuir Isotherm seems to perform exceptionally well with a correlation efficiency of 0.975 against all other isotherm fits.
Morphology and Mechanical Properties of a Composite Coating by Electrostatic Dry Spray Method
Authors: Al-Shroofy Mohanad N. , Al-Kaisy Hanna A. , Chalaby Rabab
Published: May 2021

Powder spray coating was used for many applications such as paint decoration and protection against corrosive environments. The electrostatic spray method is used to lower the manufacturing cost and the environmental effect during the production process. It is done by electrostatic device and spray gun to create a layer on the substrate to play a protective role. Different dry powders were mixed to form a composite mixture consisted of Al2O3 and SiC or ZrSiO4 with Al powder as a binder. The powders mixture was deposited by electrostatic spray technique with a high voltage of 15 kV on a low carbon steel substrate of (40 x 10 x 4) mm in dimensions. Two groups of mixtures were used to form the coating layers. Powders of Al2O3 with (20 and 40) weight percent (wt%) of SiC as the first group and (20 and 40) wt% of ZrSiO4 as the second group were used. 5 wt% of Al powder was added as a binder, and the samples were heat treated at 900 C° for 2 hours. A detailed characterization of the composite coating layers was performed using XRD, SEM, and EDX, as well as, micro-hardness measurements. The obtained surface composite layers were smooth and having good particle distribution which leads to enhance roughness values (Ra). Furthermore, the hardness increased with increasing the amount of carbide and zirconia, and the obtained layers show no presence of defects or cracks.
Phase Change Materials Technologies Review and Future Application in Lebanon: Part 1
Authors: Eid Salam , Brouche Marwan , Lahoud Chawki , Lahoud Christy
Published: May 2021

Energy is the most precious resource in our daily life. Global energy consumption is increasing in constant rate, hence the environmental degradation caused by polluting fossil fuel usage as energy resources should be limited. These resources increase the quantity of greenhouse gases emissions, the global warming, and the climate change. The building sector and related activities is responsible of a large part of energy consumption. Therefore, to reduce the energy usage and to increase the dependency of the building, renewable energies are utilized such as solar energy. Noting that this energy is intermittent, a thermal energy storage system must be installed. Thus, phase change materials (PCM) with different ways of building integration are used as a solution. In this paper, a representation of different types of PCM and thermal energy storage applications in the building environment is highlighted.
Determining Heavy Metals and other Elements Concentrations in the Soil at Baquba-Iraq
Authors: Muhammad Jaafer S. , Jasim Kareem Ali , Shaban Auday H.
Published: May 2021

The present study aims to determine and calculate the concentration of some heavy elements (Pb, Hg, Cu, Ni, Fe, Cr, Co and Cd) in addition to the elements (Mg, Na, Ca, CL, K, C, S and SI), which are Possible sources of soil pollution in downtown (Baquba, Canaan, Muhammad Sakran, and Al-Mamal area), Diyala Governorate in Iraq. To achieve this goal, 5 samples of Diyala soil were collected. Soil samples included areas (industrial, residential, agricultural) with an average sample rate for each region with a depth (0-10 cm). After collecting the samples, they were sorted and compressed to prepare them for measurement by dispersive spectroscopy of X-ray energy (EDX) After obtaining the results, they are compared with the global determinants (WHO), and through these results we find that most of the heavy elements of the areas studied are recorded a significant rise for the element (pb), while the rise of (Cd) was recorded in the regions of Baquba and the Al-mameail region area also recorded an increase ( Cr) in the Canaan region, as well as the rise of some elements in the study area because they are residential and industrial areas and the use of fuels will be significant, while others found the lowest concentrations in agricultural areas with good vegetation knowing (Fe) was the lowest concentration in the study area.
Polystyrene/MWCNTs Nanofiber Membranes characterizations in Reducing Sulfur Content in Crude Oil
Authors: Oleiwi Ahmed  H. , Jabur Akram R. , Alsalhy Qusay F.
Published: May 2021

Composite material membranes as fibers were produced by using electrospinning technology and these membranes characterized and evaluated their properties and performance in this research. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes impregnated in a polystyrene matrix to produce the composite membranes. The hydrophobicity of the membrane was improved by the composite concept with multi-walled carbon nanotubes because of the migration of MWCNTs into fiber structure with membranes. Field emission scanning electron microscopy used to study the morphologies of the membranes and illustrated the average diameters of produced fibers which found about 1.68-3.2 µm and average pore size which found about 3.6 – 4.7 µm for composite membranes and showed an increasing in fibers diameter and pore size with increasing of the MWCNTs amount while the membranes porosity still high percentage about 98%. Also the polystyrene with MWCNTs showed the ability of membranes to decrease the sulfur content from 2.8% for crude oil and reach to about 1.6 % with polystyrene/2% MWCNTs.
Aortic root fistula complicating Austrian syndrome
Authors: Bakhit Ahmed , Mishra Ajay Kumar , Choudhary Khushal , Khaled Soufi Mohamed
Published: May 2021

Austrian syndrome occurs in 1.2% of all patients with pneumococcal infective endocarditis. It presents with the triad of meningitis, pneumonia, and endocarditis. It is commonly seen in elderly males with a history of alcohol abuse, an immunocompromised state, or recent valve surgery. We present a case of Austrian syndrome presenting with paravalvular complications in the form of aortic root fistula. In this report, we describe the second patient with the community-acquired, pneumococcal, native, aortic valve, endocarditis with Austrian syndrome complicated by the development of an aortic fistula.
Effect of varicocele repair on sperm retrieval rate and testicular histopathological patterns in men with nonobstructive azoospermia
Authors: Birowo Ponco , Prasetyo Dimas Tri , Pujianto Dwi Ari , Atmoko Widi , Rasyid Nur , Sini Ivan Rizal
Published: May 2021

Varicocele adversely affects semen parameters. However, the effect of varicocele repair on the sperm retrieval rate and testicular histopathological patterns in men with nonobstructive azoospermia has not been widely reported. We retrospectively assessed the sperm retrieval rates and testicular histopathological patterns in men with nonobstructive azoospermia who were referred to the Urology Clinic in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (Jakarta, Indonesia) and Bunda General Hospital (Jakarta, Indonesia) between January 2009 and December 2019. We compared patients who had undergone a surgical sperm retrieval procedure for assisted reproductive technology no earlier than three months after varicocele repair and those who had not undergone varicocele repair. The study included 104 patients (age range: 26–54 years), 42 of whom had undergone varicocele repair before the sperm retrieval procedure and 62 who had not. Motile spermatozoa were found in 29 (69.1%) and 17 (27.4%) patients who had undergone varicocele repair before the sperm retrieval procedure and those who had not undergone the repair, respectively (relative risk: 2.51; 95% confidence interval: 1.60–3.96; P < 0.001). A predicted probabilities graph showed consistently higher sperm retrieval rates for patients with varicocele repair, regardless of their follicle-stimulating hormone levels. Patients who underwent varicocele repair showed higher testicular histopathological patterns (P = 0.001). In conclusion, men with nonobstructive azoospermia and clinical varicocele who underwent varicocele repair before the sperm retrieval procedure had higher sperm retrieval rates compared to those who did not undergo varicocele repair.
Effect of a School Preventive Program on Oral Health Measures among Children
Authors: Khan Saima Yunus , Unnikrishnan Arjun , Jindal Mahendra Kumar , Khan Mohammad Kamran
Published: May 2021

Objective:

Comparing caries status and oral health behavior in rural and urban school children can reveal different etiological factors associated with dental caries, which will help in planning appropriate preventive program.

Materials and Methods:

The present longitudinal study was conducted among 7–9-year-old children, 200 each from randomly selected one urban and one rural school of Aligarh city. A preformed questionnaire was used to assess the oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice. Caries status was recorded using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT)/deft index. School health education was given to the same children of both the schools. These steps were repeated at 6 and 12 months.

Results:

By independent t-test, significant effect of dental health education was seen at 6 months (P = 0.029) and 12 (P = 0.000) months with respect to increase in knowledge score and similar significant promising results were seen for increased attitude and practice score at 6 months (P = 0.0039) and 12 months (P = 0.000) for rural group. Reduction in def score was statistically significant by Mann–Whitney U-test at 6 months (P = 0.04) and at 12 months (P = 0.03) for rural group.

Conclusion:

Planned health education given through lecture – live demonstration lead to reduction in the deft/DMFT score; change in the d/D component to either m/M or f/F respectively as the treatment need be; and progressive increase in the knowledge, attitude, and practice score.
Wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy after LASIK for high myopia
Authors: Rios Livia Cristina , Barcelos Raphael , Mendonça Junior Aristofanes Canamary , Silva Patricia Gomes , Rodrigues Pablo Felipe , Moscovici Bernardo Kaplan
Published: May 2021

In this report, we discuss a case of a high myopic patient who underwent mechanical LASIK surgery in 2008 that respected the Randleman criteria for ectasia risk but incurred in a percentual thickness alteration (PTA) over 40%. The patient underwent reoperation in 2016 to correct the residual refractive error with wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy. At the time of the first surgery, the concept of PTA did not exist. Currently, a PTA that exceeds 35%–40% correlates with an increased risk of ectasia. We reviewed the literature focusing on the differences between the current rationale for post-LASIK enhancement and the selected strategy at the first reintervention. The purpose of this provocative case report is to emphasize the importance of personalized surgery in reoperations, always aiming for the welfare and best vision for the patient.
A data science-based analysis of seasonal patterns in outpatient presentations due to olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Lotsch J. , Hummel T.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Changes in human olfactory function throughout the year appear to be a common perception due to the seasonal oscillations in some etiologies associated with olfactory loss. However, longitudinal data from large cohorts were rarely analysed for temporal patterns of human olfaction apart from oscillations in specific etiologies of olfactory loss. METHODS: Temporal patterns in the presentation of patients with olfactory disorders to a single centre were investigated as part of a cohort study. The time series analysis performed utilized a power spectrum analysis and an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model in order to demonstrate repetitive fluctuations or trends in the monthly number of patients reporting from January 1999 to December 2017. The analyses additionally addressed temporal changes in the causes to which the olfactory disorder was attributed and in the degree of olfactory loss. RESULTS: A cohort of 7,014 patients was included. Descriptive analysis showed that the presentation of olfactory disorders had seasonal variation, high in March, without a trend. Power spectrum analysis showed a general seasonality of the numbers of patients, without further pattern in the causes or the degree of olfactory dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: The yearly periodicity in patient presentations at a specialized smell and taste clinic, was not readily attributable to seasonally changing medical causes of olfactory loss such as viral infections. This suggests that in addition to exploring the seasonality of olfactory etiologies, the changes in human olfactory acuity merit further assessments in longitudinal studies.
Role of physical exercise type in olfactory deterioration in ageing
Authors: Zhang C. , Li D. , Wang X.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Although ageing and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, have been associated with olfaction impairment, studies exploring how to ameliorate this impairment are limited. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of various types of physical exercise on olfaction decline in ageing. METHODOLOGY: 99 healthy community-dwelling participants (85 women; mean (SD) age, 62.5 (5.7) years) were included. All the participants were required to complete the tests consisting of a questionnaire, cognitive test and olfaction test. RESULTS: Odor identification scores for participants who exercised regularly for more than 1 year (more than 3 times/wk; more than 30 min each time) were significantly higher than those for non-exercisers, and odor detection threshold scores were significantly higher in the exercisers. Both odor threshold and odor identification scores for those who exercised by practicing taiji (tai chi), dancing, or running were significantly better than those for participants who exercised by walking or who did not exercise. CONCLUSION: Compared with those among older people who did not exercise, measures of olfaction among older adults who exercised were better, and the type of physical exercise mattered. Therefore, if physical exercise intervention is suggested to prevent or delay olfactory deterioration in older adults, the type of physical exercise should be considered.
Comparison of Odiosoft-Rhino and rhinomanometry in evaluation of nasal patency
Authors: Tahamiler Rauf , Alimoglu Yalcin , Canakcioglu Salih
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a preliminary study testing the validity of the Odiosoft-Rhino (OR) in the evaluation of nasal patency in patients with nasal septal deviation and compare the results with visual analogue score (VAS) of nasal obstruction and rhinomanometry (RMM). METHODS: OR and RMM were performed on 68 patients with nasal septal deviation and 61 healthy controls. VAS, nasal resistance values and nasal sound analysis were noted for the left and right nasal cavities. RESULTS: There are statistically significant differences between VAS, RMM and nasal endoscopic findings between the patient and the control group. The OR results at expiratory and inspiratory 2000 - 4000 Hz and 4000 - 6000 Hz intervals for both nasal cavities show a statistically significant difference between the patient and control groups. Nasal endoscopic findings, RMM, OR results of the deviated sides in the 2000 - 4000 Hz interval correlate well with VAS. CONCLUSIONS: OR may be a practical test in assessment of nasal patency. OR at the 2000 - 4000 Hz interval shows a correlation with VAS. However, showing a correlation between a test and a variable is not the same as proving that it is a useful diagnostic test. Therefore, more studies with larger series are needed.
FIRE REGIME IN THE INDIGENOUS LAND INDIGENOUS LAND, MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL
Authors: Aguiar Lívia Lima Leite , Martins Patrick Thomaz de Aquino
Published: May 2021

The Indigenous Land (TI) Pimentel Barbosa, of the Xavante ethnic group, is located in the region with the highest annual burning activity in the world, denoting the need for timely and accurate monitoring of the space-time patterns of fire occurrence. In this sense, the present study aimed to characterize the occurrences of burning in that TI, between the years 1984 to 2018, relating them to the different types of vegetation and land use present in it. Burn scars were identified and mapped, based on images from the Landsat program, and were analyzed for their spatial distribution and recurrence, including the aspect of plant typology and land use. In 34 years, TI burned an area of more than 1,500%, with the record of burning more than half of the area in several years, with no spatial pattern that expresses the practices traditionally used. Savanna vegetable types and agricultural use accounted for more than 90% of the affected area. In all types and use, recurrence classified as medium or high, from 9 to 34 recurrences (i.e., some TI areas were burned every year) predominated. 20 times was the most common recurrence, being at odds with what is recommended in the literature. The change in the territorial structure and the integration with the Brazilian culture pattern are indicated as elementary responsible for the establishment of the identified burning scenario, making some actions necessary, such as, for example, the traditional rescue of fire management, so that the fires can be used as a sustainable tool.
SOIL USE AND OCCUPATION OF WIND FARM AGRICULTURAL AREAS
Authors: Sobrinho Júnior Manoel Fortunato , Morais Elis Regina Costa de , Silva Paulo César Moura da
Published: May 2021

Wind energy, despite being considered clean and renewable, has negative impacts in the social and environmental scope, significantly altering coastal areas and the interior of Northeast Brazil, this is mainly due to the new land uses arising from the installation of wind towers. Thus, the objective of this research was to analyze changes in land use and occupation of agricultural areas exploited by wind energy, to identify the potential of these agricultural areas for the construction of wind farms and to verify the reconciliation between wind and agricultural activity. Primary and secondary data collection was used, covering semi-structured interviews and analysis of satellite images. The study area was the municipality of Serra do Mel, located in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The results obtained were processed in the geographic information system QGIS and demonstrated through thematic maps and graphs. It was possible to conclude that the installation of wind farms caused few changes in the classes of use and occupation of the land, it was found that the agricultural areas of Serra do Mel have great potential for wind energy due to the speed of the winds and the condition of the land and identified there is also the possibility of reconciling agricultural and wind activity.
Translation of the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Score (APAIS) into the Amharic Version and Its Validation for Evaluation of Preoperative Anxiety
Authors: Blen Ayele  , Mahelet Tadesse  , Rahel Tilahun  , Berhanu Nega
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND፡ Peri-operative anxiety is a vague, unpleasant feeling, the source of which is often nonspecific and unknown to the individual. It affects all aspects of anesthesia. Although the magnitude and consequences of preoperative anxiety are well documented in the developed world, there are limited studies conducted in Ethiopia. The primary aim of this study is to produce the Amharic version of APAIS and evaluate its validity in assessing the prevalence of preoperative anxiety in surgical patients.METHODS: A cross-cultural adaptation process using a forward/backward translation of the APAIS scale was performed. The Amharic version was then tested in 365 sampled elective adult surgical patients scheduled for surgery at Tikur Anbessa specialized Hospital. The validity of the translated version was also checked by evaluating its psychometric properties of internal validity and acceptability.Result: The results showed that the reliability of the APAISAmharic was high (Cronbach's alpha of 0.87) and the data collected was a good fit (RMSEA of 0.04). In addition, the questionnaire was well-accepted 100% with no missing values for each dimension of the APAIS. The mean APAIS scores for total anxiety and desire for information were 11.6 and 6.0 respectively and 58.9% of the study participants had anxiety and those patients, who had some form of formal education, came from urban areas, had previous anesthesia experience and complications and who had average or high information requirement was more likely to be anxious.CONCLUSION: APAIS-Amharic is a reliable and acceptable tool for measuring patients’ preoperative anxiety and their need for information. It can be used routinely as a screening instrument at pre-anesthesia clinics to assess patients’ level of anxiety.
Gender Matter, Social Phobia and High-Risk Behaviors in Young Medical Students
Authors: Naghme Afshari  , Jamileh Farokhzadian  , Kamel Abdi  , Hojjat Sheikhbardsiri
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND፡ Young is one of the most sensitive stages of human life. Social phobia and high-risk behaviors are factors that enhance young crises. This study aimed to determine the relationship between gender role, social phobia and high-risk behaviors among young medical students.METHODS: In this descriptive correlational study, 400 students were selected by quota sampling method from a medical university in Southeastern Iran. For data collection, the demographic information questionnaire, Gender Trait Index (GTI), Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), and Iranian Adolescent and Young Risk-Taking Scale (IAYRS) were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including mean and SD and analytic statistics such as Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal- Wallis tests using SPSS 25 and p ≤ .05.RESULTS: The mean scores of masculinity and femininity gender roles were 38.98 ± 7.92 and 44.12 ± 7.76, respectively. Also, 70.5% of the students had dominant feminine traits, and the gender identity was high in 58.8% of the students and moderate in 40.2% of them. Social phobia (37.12 ± 12.61) and high-risk behaviors (81.77± 26.08) were moderate. A significant inverse relationship was found between masculine traits and social phobia (p <0.001). Another significant inverse relationship was observed between feminine traits and high-risk behaviors (p <0.05).CONCLUSION: Given the poor relationship between gender role, social phobia and high-risk behaviors, it is essential to conduct further studies to determine the predictors of social phobia and high-risk behaviors in medical students.
Knowledge, Perception and Practice towards the Risks of Excessive Weight Gain during Pregnancy among Pregnant Mothers at Myung Sung Christian Medical General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Mahlet Alebachew  , Amarech Doyo  , Desta Admasu  , Kokeb Sisay  , Tariku Shimels
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND፡ Being overweight and obese represents a severe public health deterioration affecting all population in general and vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women in particular. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception and practice towards the risks of excessive weight gain during pregnancy among pregnant mothers at Myung Sung Christian Medical General Hospital.METHODS: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August, 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select participants. A total of 176 respondents were included in the study. Data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaire, observation checklist, and measurements of weight and height. Statistical product and service solution version 20.0 was employed for analysis. Descriptive statistics, using tables and charts, was used to present results.RESULTS: Gestational diabetes mellitus (83.5%) and high blood pressure (80.7%) were the major known risks associated with excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Based on the mean score, 96(54.5%) had poor knowledge while 80(45.5%) had good knowledge about the risks of excessive weight gain. The majority (92.0%) overweight and all obese pregnant mothers did not know their actual weight status. Similarly, 134(76.1%) of the study participants were not engaged in regular physical exercise during the current pregnancy.CONCLUSION: This study revealed that pregnant mothers attending in Korean General Hospital were generally poorly knowledgeable on the risks of excessive weight gain during pregnancy, had poor perception on current weight status and poor practices on their weight gain management. Facility based education and community awareness creation should accompany antenatal care services.
The Management of Coronary Artery Disease in Ethiopia: Emphasis on Revascularization
Authors: Bekele Alemayehu Shashu
Published: May 2021

Cardiovascular diseases are number one cause of death worldwide. Over half of the cardiovascular diseases, 51%, are due to coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease is a pathological process characterized by atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in the epicardial coronary arteries. Rupture of the fibrous cap of the plaque causes the majority of the deaths due to myocardial infarction. Angina pectoris is a discomfort in the chest or adjacent areas caused by myocardial ischemia usually precipitated by exertion. In acute coronary syndrome, the chest discomfort is either of low threshold or appears at rest and when it evolves on the background of established angina pectoris, the discomfort becomes more frequent and prolonged. Exercise electrocardiography which has been the most frequently used non-invasive test to diagnose obstructive coronary artery disease is currently shown to have inferior diagnostic performance compared with diagnostic imaging tests. The pivotal tests in patients presenting with clinical features of acute coronary syndrome are electrocardiography and determination of serum troponin I and/or T. Revascularization is the mainstay of treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome. In chronic coronary syndrome, on top of optimal medical treatment, revascularization reduces mortality in:- 1) left main stenosis, 2) three-vessel coronary artery disease, particularly with ejection fraction of less than 40%, 3) two vessel disease with more than 75% stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery disease.
Abundance and Distribution of Malaria Vectors in Various Aquatic Habitats and Land Use Types in Kakamega County, Highlands of Western Kenya
Authors: Kitungulu Nicholas  , Guyah Bernard  , Ndenga Bryson  , Kipcho Mukabane  , Mark Kilongosi  , Stephen Ayuya  , David Hughes Mulama
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Management of malaria transmission relies heavily on vector control. Implementation and sustenance of effective control measures require regular monitoring of malaria vector occurrences, species abundance and distribution. The study assessed mosquito larval species composition, distribution and productivity in Kakamega County, western Kenya.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of Anopheline larvae was conducted in various aquatic habitats and land use types in Kakamega County, highlands of western Kenya between the month of March and June 2019.RESULTS: One thousand, five hundred and seventy six aquatic habitats were sampled in various land use types. The mean densities of An. gambiae s.l (46.2), An. funestus (5.3), An. coustani (1.7), An. implexus (0.13) and An. squamosus (2.0) were observed in fish ponds, burrow pits, drainage ditches, and tire tracks, respectively. High mean densities of An. gambiae s.l was reported in farmland (20.4) while high mean abundance of An.funestus s.l (8.2) and An. coustani s.l (4.0) were observed in artificial forests.CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the productivity of anopheles larvae varied across various habitat types and land use types. Therefore, treatment of potential breeding sites should be considered as an additional strategy for malaria vector control in Kakamega County, western Kenya.
Ocular Toxoplasmosis among Livestock Farmers and Raw Meat Handlers in Uyo, Nigeria
Authors: Emem Godwin Abraham  , Anietie Effiong Moses  , Uwemedimbuk Smart Olugbemi O. Motilewa  , Akaninyene Innocent Uwah  , EmeIwatItina  , Anthony N. Umoh
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND፡ Toxoplasmosis is the commonest cause of infectious posterior uveitis in humans and can lead to blindness and low vision in both immune-competent and immunecompromised persons worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Ocular Toxoplasmosis (OT) and potential risk factors among livestock farmers and raw meat handlers in Uyo.METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional communitybased study involving clinical eye examination, laboratory detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody and HIV testing. Participants’ other information was obtained using interviewer-administered questionnaire.RESULTS: There were 339 participants aged 15-78 (mean 34.8±11.6) years,283 (83.5%) were males 56(16.5%) were females; 189 (55.8%) tested seropositive for anti-Toxo. gondiiIgG antibodies. Eight (2.4%) had presumed ocular toxoplasmosis (POT); 6 of the 8 were seropositive for anti T.gondiiIgG antibody; and 2 of the 8 POT (25%) were HIV-seropositive. Of the 189 who were anti-T.gondiiIgG antibody seropositive, 6 (3.2%) had OT. Factors associated with OT were age (31-50 years) and female gender (P = 0.049 and 0.001, respectively). HIV infection was associated with POT (P=0.033). Most of the ocular lesions (87.5%) were unilateral and located at the posterior pole (77.7%).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of presumed ocular toxoplasmosis (POT) and ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) among livestock farmers and raw meat handlers in Uyo are 2.4% and 1.8%, respectively. Potential risk factors are being female, and persons between fourth and fifth decades of life. Awareness creation on toxoplasmosis among this occupational group is advocated.
Applying an Aspect Oriented Approach when Developing an E-Commerce System
Authors:   National Aviation University, Liubomyra Huzara ave, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kucherіava Olga , Holeho Nataliia
Published: May 2021

A new promising approach to program development has been considered – aspect-oriented programming, intended for automated adding to the target applications of crosscutting functionality. The article presents the application of an aspect oriented approach for creating logging in the e-commerce system
KEY COVID-19 EVIDENCE SOURCES
Authors: Shankar Pathiyil Ravi , Jha Nisha
Published: May 2021

Coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic and health emergency. Research and studies are ongoing at a rapid pace. It is challenging to keep pace with the published and ongoing research, especially considering the fact that many show conflicting results. Many organizations have produced key evidence sources focusing on scientific studies about the disease. In this article the authors describe a few important evidence sources and examine their strengths and areas requiring attention.
Optimalisasi Proses Bongkar Muat Minyak Produk di Dermaga Curah Cair PT. Pelindo III (Persero) Cabang Tanjung Emas Semarang
Authors: Mu’tasim Fariz , Meinina  , Hartanto Cahya Fajar Budi
Published: May 2021

PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia III (Persero) branch of Tanjung Emas Semarang is a BUMN provider of port services. One of the services provided is the operation of ships at the port, such as loading and unloading activities. One of the loading and unloading activities is loading and unloading product oil at the liquid bulk dock. During the loading and unloading process of product oil, several obstacles or disruptions may occur which cause delays during the loading and unloading process, thus reducing the performance of the Port Business Entity. This study aims to determine the inhibiting factors originating from labor and other factors and to determine the efforts to overcome these obstacles. The method of data collection was carried out by observation or direct observation at the location for 3 months, interviews, and literature study. The results showed that the inhibiting factor of labor resulted in less optimal loading space and tank washing. In addition, the inhibiting factor also comes from damage to loading and unloading supporting equipment and bad weather conditions. This study provides recommendations for each inhibiting factor to be handled properly according to the procedure so that it is expected to provide positive results, namely the smooth loading of product oil at the liquid bulk dock of PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia III (Persero) Semarang branch of Tanjung Emas.
Peranan Perusahaan Keagenan terhadap Pengoperasian Kapal Niaga: Studi Kasus
Authors: Shohibul Anwar Mohammad , Nuryaman Dedi
Published: May 2021

Indonesia is called a maritime country because part of its territory is water. That way, Indonesia has the opportunity to become a maritime axis country in Asia and the world. This opportunity must be realized to its full potential, namely by maximizing activities at the port properly. Activities to facilitate shipping activities both loading and unloading, sea expeditions and so on are needed for the benefit of the agency's role. One of them is the role of the PT. Indo Dharma transportation located in Surabaya. This company has a role in the merchant ship wars in the Surabaya area. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of agency companies in the operation of commercial ships in the Surabaya area.This research is a qualitative research using observation, interview and documentation methods. Through this research, it was found that the case of PT. Indo Dharma Transport Surabaya Branch provides convenience and smooth operation of commercial vessels in the Surabaya Port area.
THE CONCEPT OF CONSUMER ACTIVITY AS AN APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF A CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors:   Ivanovo State University, Ibragimova R.S. , Yakovleva A.V. ,   Ivanovo State University
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the actual problem of improving the management of customer behavior, the importance of which has been increasing in recent years due to the increasing need for business customization to strengthen competitiveness on the market. The author's interpretation of the category «customer behavior management system» is given. The approach to the formation of an effective structure of the management system based on the integration of the concept of stimulating consumer activity is justified. The application of the proposed approach is illustrated by the example of a car holding dealer company to solve the problem of building the architecture of a corporate customer behavior management system.
NATURE OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES AND THE RESOURCE FOR ENSURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Bryansk State Technical University, Odinochenkova N.V.
Published: May 2021

At the present stage, the development of the domestic economy is closely connected with the digitalization of the activities of industrial enterprises as the main producers of vital material values. Based on the analysis, the nature of the digital economy of industrial enterprises is substantiated and a system-structured model of its construction is proposed. Taking into account the importance of scientific and technological progress for industrial enterprises, a conceptual system-digital model of quantitative linking and balancing of scientific and technological progress management functions and their components was developed. The model combines the functions management content into an integral unit in order to obtain objective quantitative indicators from each of them and from the totality of their actions. The model of level relations of divisions of the industrial enterprises participating in their scientific and technical activity is developed. It is focused on the transition from disparate actions of business units to actions that combine them on a systematic basis, thereby eliminating the existing disorder in their interaction in response to the request of the digital economy to ensure the accuracy of the results obtained from them. Assigning the most important place to the assessment of the economic efficiency of scientific and technical activities and their developments, and taking into account the fact that labor costs have a great influence on its formation, the need to streamline their regulatory framework, which allows on a parity basis to provide time standards for the implementation of individual stages of the development of scientific and technical products, is shown. The recommendations and suggestions presented in the article are aimed at high-quality training and active inclusion of industrial enterprises and their scientific and technical potential in the digital economy and at their effective functioning in its conditions as the most important strategic factor in the development of the economic system.
RESEARCH OF APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Troshina E.P. , Chizhova T.A. ,   Samara State University of Economics
Published: May 2021

With the increasing role assigned to the social mission of business in the formation of a positive image in front of the public, the problem of evaluating the activities in the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by organizations focused on successful development is becoming increasingly relevant. The article discusses the various approaches currently used in practice (including standards, sustainability indices, self-assessment models) that allow evaluating the activities of organizations in the field of CSR. Such a variety of evaluation methods is due to the fact that each of them has a number of limitations in its application, which should be considered. As a result of systematization of the approaches to CSR assessment considered in the framework of the study, their comparative analysis was carried out in key areas of CSR. A significant result of the presented scientific work is the determination of the most appropriate method for assessing the activities of mediumsized businesses in all areas of CSR (environmental, social, economic, stakeholders, neighborliness).
THE ROLE OF THE BANK OF RUSSIA IN REGULATING THE ACTIVITIES OF CREDIT INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Tershukova M.B. , Abramov V.S. ,   Samara State University of Economics
Published: May 2021

The article presents a study of the regulation of credit institutions activities carried out by the Bank of Russia. The relationship between the strengthening of the banking system and monetary regulation is revealed. In the process of monetary regulation, banks are influenced to improve their financial stability, which ultimately leads to the strengthening of the banking system. The author's suggestions for improving the regulation of the activities of credit institutions are presented.
GOVERNMENT FUNDING FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors:   Ryazan State Agrotechnological University by P.A. Kostychev, Minat V.N.
Published: May 2021

The innovation-oriented effective development of US agriculture is determined by the quantity and quality of the implemented results of agricultural research, funded by the main funds holder – the state. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in government funding of agricultural science in the United States. The rationale for these trends is considered in the unity of the dynamics and structure of state financing of agricultural research in 1889–2019 and the system characteristics of this process as an economic phenomenon. Using the techniques of statistical-economic and abstract- logical methods of research, combined with a historical approach to the subject of study, the author obtained empirical results reflecting the dynamics of structural changes in the state financing of agricultural research in the United States in different time periods. The trends towards regionalization of agricultural science subsidies within the federal state are also identified.
Virtual COVID-19 Clinical Teaching Session:
Authors: Jessica Allman  , Mohamad Moussa  , Shivam Shah  , Madison Rectenwald  , Casey Pollard  , Jake Goliver
Published: May 2021

The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, or COVID-19, has caused a pandemic in the past year that has significantly impacted the health care system and medical education. This virus has uniquely impacted Emergency Medicine, as many COVID-19 patients suffer from acute respiratory distress or failure and require emergent stabilization. While physicians, residents, and medical students would all benefit from hands-on training on the medical management and stabilization of COVID-19 patients, this is not feasible due to risk of transmission and spread of the virus. Students have missed countless hours of hands-on clinical education because of the shift to online learning or emergency remote learning due to these concerns. A PowerPoint presentation was given via Webex by Emergency Medicine physicians and residents to medical students in hopes of bridging this gap. The lecture presented information on diagnosis, clinical management, and clinical course of COVID-19 positive patients in the Emergency Department. Students were able to engage with Emergency Medicine physicians and ask questions in real time. A pre-session survey and post-session survey were administered via Google Forms to assess students’ confidence in six different domains. There was significant improvement in all six domains of the survey when comparing the pre-session and post-session survey confidence intervals with a p<0.05 being statistically significant. It was found that storytelling of patient management was an effective way to demonstrate clinical skills critical for physicians such as advocating for patients. This presentation highlights the utility and effectiveness of an interactive approach to the virtual education of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic while adhering to online learning and social distancing formats. In addition, this model can be applied to substitute for other clinical learning opportunities that are not currently available to students due to the pandemic.