bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diseases and syndromes associated with unilateral renal agenesis in children
Authors: Romashova Anastasia A.
Published: April 2024

The incidence of congenital malformations is increasing annually, with a single kidney developmental disorder accounting for 4–8% of urinary system malformations. If the contralateral organ is normal, agenesis of the kidney is not clinically apparent and is usually detected during a preventive examination of the child or during an examination for combined anomalies of the genitourinary and urinary system.This pathology occurs due to a disruption of the interstitial interaction between the ureteral bud and the metanephrogenic tissue from 4th to 8th gestation weeks. By this time, the mesonephral (Wolff) ducts are already fully formed, in contrast to the paramesonephral (Müllerian) ducts, which develop only by the 5th week of the intrauterine period, that is, in the period of high risk of malformations of the urinary system. Accordingly, anomalies of the female genital system are more common than those of the male one, with concomitant agenesis of the ipsilateral kidney. Diagnosis of unilateral agenesis of the kidney is possible when performing routine antenatal screening or conducting preventive examinations at decreed dates. In girls, the most common genital anomalies are true unicornuate uterus (65%), bicornuate uterus with one rudimentary horn (7.3%), atrophy of one fallopian tube and ovary, absence or hypoplasia of the vagina, and vaginal doubling. In boys with unilateral agenesis of the kidney, the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and testicular appendage may be rudimentary or absent. Agenesis of the kidney is a component of such genetic syndromes as OHVIRA, Kallman, Zinner, and Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndromes. It is also combined with other congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and extrarenal anomalies, including mainly malformations of the gastrointestinal tract, heart and musculoskeletal system. Consequently, children with this pathology should be fully screened to rule out associated malformations and anomalies.
Percepção de satisfação conjugal em casais que praticam atividade física juntos
Authors: Fiorelli Maria Eduarda , Schlösser Adriano
Published: April 2024

O processo de relacionar-se é essencial à condição humana, sendo através das relações interpessoais que a constituição identitária é construída. Dentre os tipos de relacionamentos interpessoais, as relações amorosas despontam como um dos tipos de maior impacto sobre a percepção de bem estar individual. O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar a percepção da satisfação conjugal de casais que praticam atividade física em conjunto. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, realizou entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais com 6 casais heterossexuais, e posteriormente analisadas a partir da análise temático categorial. Foram construídas 3 categorias, a saber: a percepção de satisfação conjugal, intimidade e companheirismo. Os resultados indicaram percepção positiva dos casais frente à prática de atividade física associadas à satisfação conjugal, indicando aumento na intimidade e companheirismo.
The Blurry Line Between Corporation and Cult: A Retrospective Autoethnographic Study
Authors: Graamans Ernst Patrick
Published: April 2024

In popular management literature corporations are sometimes loosely compared to cults. The comparison is a severe allegation as it implies the transgression of subordinate employees’ integrity. This paper explores to what extent such comparisons with cults are warranted as well as the implications this has for the practice of corporate culture management. On grounds of the author’s unique, first-hand experience in both corporate and cultic environments a retrospective autoethnographic (RAE) approach was chosen to further explore the supposed resemblance. The comparison is structured along Lifton’s eight criteria of thought reform and reveals that although akin to cults in all aspects corporations also fundamentally differ due to the infeasibility, at least for now, of controlling the corporate environment in totalist fashion. This might explain why so many attempts to change corporate cultures fail as these initiatives are based on the anachronistic idea that culture change can be “implemented” by somehow “inculcating” employees with “company values.” A sanitized form of brainwashing that fails in the corporate environment.
Contributions of Barad's New Materialism to Well-Being Research
Authors: Bilbao-Nieva M. Isidora , Meyer Alejandra
Published: April 2024

In this article, we discuss the contributions that Karen Barad's theorizations can make to the study of well-being, particularly their ontoepistemological framework, “agential realism,” that emphasizes the inseparability of matter, ethics, and knowledge, as the relational entanglements of agencies. We use these ideas to imagine well-being as differential materializations, entanglements of human, and the non-human agencies that “intra-act” with each other and are inseparable from how we know about them and our responsibilities in their reconfigurations. From this perspective, we see well-being as a phenomenon, underpinning its dynamism and processuality. Analyzing an interview fragment, we exemplify how Barad's theorizations can offer a different way to think about well-being, recognizing the differences within and the consequences of thinking about it as being otherwise. We argue that this approach opens new possibilities and research trajectories that expand the field of well-being studies, understanding well-being studies as a more local, dynamic, open-ended phenomenon.
Media Optimization of Student Learning Outcomes Evaluation based on Whatsapp Robot in Health Department of Jember State Polytechnic
Authors: Dewi Riskha Dora Candra
Published: April 2024

Online learning (e-learning) and conventional or classical learning tend to have the same effectiveness, but online learning has advantages in terms of flexibility. In carrying out their duties and functions, the researcher found that the evaluation system for student learning outcomes at the Jember State Polytechnic Health Department was not optimal. Thus, the study aims to describe the evaluation system for student learning outcomes based on WhatsApp Chatbot. Optimizing the evaluation of student learning outcomes has 8 stages, namely identifying problems through student respondent surveys, studying literature and supporting data for the manufacture of whatsapp robots, planning the process of making an evaluation system for student learning outcomes based on whatsapp robots, conducting a needs analysis of the whatsapp-based student learning outcomes evaluation system. Robots, designing systems, making media for evaluating student learning outcomes based on whatsapp robots, validating the system made by conducting trials and holding a Forum Group Discussion (FGD) for its use. In general, the optimization of the media for evaluating student learning outcomes with the WhatsApp robot-based application went well. However, this can continue to be developed, especially during the current covid-19 pandemic, some suggestions for the perfection of this application can hopefully be followed up as learning media innovations and evaluating student learning outcomes.
The Effect of Using Twice's Girlband K-pop as The Brand Ambassador on Increasing The Value of The Scarlett Whitening Brand
Authors: Natassja Eileen , Simamora Bilson
Published: April 2024

Brand name plays a significant role in the sustainability of the business. Scarlett Whitening uses Korean public figures, namely K-Pop Twice, as the communicator to sth strengthen its image. This study aims to see whether there is an effect of using a Korean brand ambassador on increasing the brand value of Scarlett Whitening. There are four dimensions of brand ambassador used as independent variables of brand value. The data from 105 respondents that were chosen judgmentally was analyzed using multiple linear regression. The study found that visibility and credibility indicators had a positive but not significant effect on brand value, while attraction and power indicators had a positive and significant effect on brand value. So the conclusion is that the hypothesis in this study is accepted because brand ambassadors are proven to have a positive influence on brand value.
Percepción social de inundaciones en Colima, México: hacia una gestión integral de riesgos de desastres
Authors: Valencia Jorge Armando Gutiérrez , Anguiano Reyna Valladares , González Martha Eugenia Chávez , Lozoya Raymundo Padilla , Saray Francisco José Martín del Campo
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo analiza la percepción social del riesgo a inundaciones en tres ciudades del estado de Colima, México. La metodología fue cuantitativa, transversal y descriptiva, mediante una encuesta a 452 habitantes, así como la revisión documental y levantamientos de información relacionada con las diferentes vulnerabilidades, para determinar los factores asociados con la recurrencia del riesgo de inundaciones. Se crearon bases de datos de inundaciones históricas. Entre los resultados obtenidos, se encontró que las zonas de estudio se encuentran en alto riesgo de inundaciones y la población está consciente de la importancia del problema, debido a su recurrencia. Se estudiaron otras variables relacionadas como pendientes topográficas mínimas, impermeabilidad del suelo y falta de infraestructura pluvial, que provocan que el agua de lluvia corra por las vialidades, lo que genera escorrentías superficiales, encharcamientos e inundaciones. Se encontró que existe una correlación entre lo que percibe la población, con las zonas recurrentes de inundaciones. En ese sentido, se pretende visibilizar el problema para tomar acciones. Además, se documentó que las estructuras de Protección Civil siguen actuando de manera reaccionaria y no preventiva. Por lo tanto, se requiere establecer estrategias de Gestión Integral de Riesgos de Desastres.
Pengaruh Beban Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Apron Movement Control (AMC) PT. Angkasa Pura II Bandar Udara Internasional Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Palembang
Authors: Juanda Andika , Nasution Fauzia Fahmi Yuniarti
Published: April 2024

Beban kerja adalah suatu proses atau kegiatan yang terlalu banyak dan harus dikerjakan atau diselesaikan karyawan dengan jangka waktu tertentu. Dengan pekerjaan yang harus diselesaikan tersebut, apabila karyawan dapat berhasil menyelesaikannya, maka kinerja karyawan tersebut dinilai berhasil dan tidak memiliki beban kerja. Apabila pekerjaannya banyak atau menumpuk dan kinerja karyawan tersebut tidak dapat menyelesaikan pekerjaannya, maka karyawan tersebut memiliki beban kerja. Kinerja karyawan dan beban kerja ialah suatu aspek yang dapat berpengaruh dalam perusahaan. Maka dari itu, perusahaan sangat perlu memperhatikan kondisi-kondisi kinerja karyawan, sehingga pekerjaan dapat terlaksana dengan baik dan mudah. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh beban kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan Apron Movement Control (AMC) PT. Angkasa Pura II Bandar Udara Internasional Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Palembang, (2) untuk mengetahui seberapa besar signifikansi pengaruh beban kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan Apron Movement Control (AMC) PT. Angkasa Pura II Bandar Udara Internasional Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Palembang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan AMC di Bandar Udara Internasional Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Palembang. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen (X) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap variabel dependen (Y) dengan nilai signifikansi 0.001 < 0.05, dan hasil uji koefisien determinasi (R2) menunjukkan bahwa beban kerja (X) terhadap kinerja karyawan (Y) sebesar 86.1% dan selebihnya 13.9% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak tercantum dalam penelitian ini.
Analisis Monitoring Pembiayaan Mudharabah dalam Mengurangi Resiko NPF pada Bank Muamalat KCP Sukaramai Medan
Authors: Muhammad Ilham  , Sugianto
Published: April 2024

This research aims to analyze the monitoring and mitigation of NPF risk in mudharabah financing at Bank Muamalat KCP Sukaramai Medan. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through observation, interviews and analysis of related documents. The analysis results show that Bank Muamalat has implemented various risk mitigation strategies such as financing restructuring, monitoring partners, and portfolio diversification to reduce NPF risk. The significant decline in the NPF level after implementing risk mitigation policies shows the effectiveness of this strategy in maintaining bank financial stability. In conclusion, the monitoring analysis of mudharabah financing at Bank Muamalat KCP Sukaramai Medan proves the importance of risk mitigation strategies in managing NPF risk and ensuring the sustainability of sharia banking business.
Analyzing the Dynamics: EU and UN Perspectives on the African Union
Authors: Damtie Fikadie
Published: April 2024

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics between the European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN) in their interactions with the African Union (AU). Recognizing the AU's pivotal role in addressing Africa's challenges, the study investigates historical trajectories, policies, and key priorities shaping EU and UN perspectives on the AU. Through a multi-methodological approach, including document review and comparative analysis, it explores areas of convergence, divergence, and potential conflicts in their approaches, shedding light on implications for the AU's development and international relations. Tracing the historical evolution of EU-AU and UN-AU relations, pivotal moments such as the Cotonou Agreement and the establishment of the UN Office to the African Union (UNOAU) are highlighted. Analysis reveals shared objectives in peace, security, sustainable development, and governance, with nuanced differences in emphasis and approach. While areas of alignment exist, particularly in peacekeeping and sustainable development goals, divergences emerge in governance, human rights, and economic relations, posing challenges to collaboration.Case studies, including joint peacekeeping missions in Mali and development initiatives in Eastern Africa, offer insights into successes, challenges, and lessons learned, informing recommendations for future collaborations. Opportunities for enhanced cooperation, such as joint capacity-building initiatives and aligned development programs, are identified.The study contributes to a nuanced understanding of EU and UN perspectives on the AU, providing insights into their implications for Africa's development. Recommendations for improvements in coordination mechanisms, communication channels, and decision-making processes are proposed to enhance effectiveness. Future research avenues include evaluating economic partnerships' impacts and exploring innovative funding models to unlock transformative impact on the African continent. Ultimately, this analysis informs policymakers and international practitioners, fostering constructive partnerships for Africa's stability, prosperity, and sustainable development.
Muhayyir ijodi badiiyati (badiiy san’atlar misolida)
Authors: Akbarova Muhabbatxon
Published: April 2024

Musulmon Sharq adabiyotida badiiyat masalasi har doim she’riyat ahlining diqqat markazida turgan. Muayyan ijodkorning badiiy salohiyati va iste'dodi haqida so'z borganda, uning tasvir obyekti sifatida nimalarni olgani emas, balki o'sha obyektyoki predmetni qanday tasvirlagani muhim hisoblangan. Shu ma’noda u yoki bu ijodkor ijodiga yoxud muayyan badiiy asarga baho berilar ekan, ijodkor ifodalamoqchi bo'lgan badiiy timsollar, vazn yoki qofiya vositasida bayon qilinganligi bilan birga she'riy asarda qo’llanilgan badiiy san’atlarning rang-barangligi, ularning asar mazmunini ochishdagi o'rni va ahamiyati kabi masalalarga ham alohida diqqat qilingan. Ushbu maqolada Qo’qon adabiy muhitida yashab ijod qilgan Muhammadqul Muhammadrasul o'g'li Muhayyir ijodidagi turli janrlarga oid she'r shakllarida uchrovchi badiiy san’atlar tahlilga tortilgan. She'riy baytlarda uchrovchi badiiy san’atlarni tahlil qilishda guruhlarga ajratilgan, har bir guruhga kiruvchi badiiy san’atlarning mazmuniga tavsif berilgan va she’riy parchalar orqali misoliar keltirilib, parchalarning mazmuni tushuntirilib berilgan.
Ayol ruhiyati talqinida mazmunning poetik vazifasi
Authors: Qurbonboyeva Nasiba
Published: April 2024

Adabiyotda shakl va mazmun masalasining muhimligi xususida adabiyotshunos olimlar bir nechta tadqiqot ishlarini olib borganlar. Bu borada turli xil qarashlar mavjud. Jahon adabiyotshunosligida bu masala-ga alohida yondashib, biri ikkinchisini mutlaqo taqozo etmaydi yoki biri ikkinchisisiz mustaqil mavjud bo'la oladi, degan fikrlar ilgari surilgan. Bu fikrlar o'z isbotini topmagan hamda bir guruh olimlar shaklsiz mazmun, mazmunsiz shakl mavjud bo'la olmaydi, degan qarashlarni ilgari suradilar. Shu bilan birga, o'zbek adabiyotshunos olimlari ham bu masalaga chuqur yondashib, o'z fikr-mulohazalarini bayon etadilar. Shulardan kelib chiqqan holda, maqolada o'zbek adabiyotining yirik vakillaridan biri Halima Xudoyberdiyeva she’rlarida shakl va mazmun masalasini o'rganish hamda ijodkor lirik kechinmalarini aniqlash masalasiga e'tibor qaratiladi.
O‘zbek milliy romanlarida ilohiy motiv va rivoyatlarning sintezlashuvi tajribasi
Authors: Muxtorova Umida
Published: April 2024

Miflardan foydalanish barcha davrlarda ham mavjud bo'lgan, ijodkor o'z davri siyosiy-ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy hayotiga doir haqiqatni so'zlamoqchi bo'lganda, odatda, miflardan foydalanadi. Bu holni hazrat Alisher Navoiy asarlarida, xususan, "Xamsa" dostonida kuzatish mumkin. Navoiydek daho mutafakkir, davlat arbobi o'z davri haqida miflar tili bilan so'ylagani ijodkor va davr o'rtasida konflikt mavjudligini tasdiqlaydi. Professor Jabbor Eshonqul "Folklor - millatning boqiy tarixi" nomli maqolasida mashhur adib Borxesning "Adabiyot mif bilan boshlanib, mif bilan tugaydi" degan fikrini keltiradi va so'z san'ati asarlarining folklordan boshlanishi va badiiy ijod taraqqiyotida ham folklorning ahamiyati nihoyatda kattaligini ta'kidlaydi.
The Influence of Working Capital and Labor on Income Levels at Anny Kebaya Boutique
Authors: Indriana Leni , Hendarmin RM. Rum , Pebriani Reny Aziatul
Published: April 2024

This study aims to examine the effect of working capital and labor on the level of income at Anny Kebaya Boutique in Palembang City. Data obtained from documentation, literature study, and surveys. The data were then analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that both working capital and labor had a positive effect on the income level of Anny Kebaya boutique in Palembang City.
Financial Distress Analysis in Detecting Bankruptcy Levels in Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Ayu Intan Sury , Ayu Intan Sury , Putri Andini Utari
Published: April 2024

The methodology used is the Altman method, the Springate method and the Zmijewski method for the 2015-2019 period. The type of data used is quantitative data. The data analysis technique used is the formula of the Altman method, the Springate method and the Zmijewski method. The results of this study show that in the 2015 and 2019 Altman method there are eight or all companies that are predicted to be in the bankrupt category. Meanwhile from 2016 to 2018 there are only six companies that are included in the bankrupt category and two other companies are categorized in the gray zone. In the Springate method from 2015 to 2019, there are eight or all companies predicted to have the potential to go bankrupt. In the zmijewski method from 2015 to 2017 there were five companies that were in the bankrupt category while in 2018 to 2019 there were only two companies that were included in the bankrupt category. In addition, based on the different results through the one-way ANOVA test, a significant value <0.05 was obtained, which means that there was a significant difference between the methods tested.
Analysis Of Efficiency, Effectiveness And Contribution of Regional Taxes (Reclaimation Tax And Street Lighting Tax) In Increasing Original Regional Income Of Palembang
Authors: Sari Tri Ayu Mei , Tripermata Lukita , Meiriasari Vhika
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of efficiency, effectiveness, contribution of advertisement tax and street lighting tax on Palembang City's original revenue in 2016-2020. The data used in this study is a report on the target and realization of advertisement tax revenue, street lighting tax and Palembang City's original revenue in 2016-2020. The research methodology used was descriptive quantitative analysis method. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique. The results prove that the efficiency of the advertisement tax and street lighting tax on the local revenue of Palembang City is very efficient. The analysis of the effectiveness of the advertisement tax on the local revenue of Palembang is quite effective and the analysis of the effectiveness of the street lighting tax is effective. The analysis of the contribution of the advertising tax is very less contributing and the analysis of the contribution of the street lighting tax is less contributing. This research is expected to be an additional literature material on the topic of local revenue.
Analysis of Cost Control, Working Capital Turnover, and Economic Profitability at PT Sampoerna Agro Tbk
Authors: Nabila Harris Rahma
Published: April 2024

This research aims to analyze the level of cost control ratio, working capital turnover and economic profitability at the company PT Sampoerna Agro Tbk. Financial report data from 2015 to 2019 was collected using documentation techniques. Data were analyzed using a descriptive approach. Research findings prove that from 2015 to 2019 the cost control ratio was categorized as efficient with an average of 33.41% and was above the industry average. However, in the same period, the working capital turnover ratio and economic profitability ratio respectively averaged 2.994 and 5.64% and were categorized as unfavorable because they were below the industry average.
Evaluation of US Strategy in Defeating Islamic State in Syria and Iraq
Authors: Zaman Md. Mahruf
Published: April 2024

This paper discusses the inability of the US-led coalition to eradicate the existence of the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq (ISIS). Even after ISIS’s territorial defeat in 2019, the group still poses a significant threat to this region. The success of the US strategy to defeat ISIS is called into doubt in light of the group’s apparent resurgence. The first section of this paper is focused on a review of the related literature. Whether or not the United States’ allegations regarding ISIS are accurate, and what the regional and global ramifications of a resurgence of the organization would be, are questioned in the existing literature. From a constructivist vantage point, the second chapter discusses how the Islamic State came to be as well as the difficulties it faces now. In addition, it clarifies the motivations and behaviors of terrorists. It also demonstrates the limitations of current strategies for eliminating ISIS. The United States-led coalition’s participation in the fight against terrorism in Iraq and Syria is laid out at the outset of the third chapter. Following its territorial defeat in 2019, the Islamic State has shown signs of resurgence. Furthermore, it details the current US strategy for countering the resurgence of the Islamic State. The final one evaluates potential counter-ISIS strategies. The difficulties of destroying ISIS are discussed. Moreover, it provides a potential strategy for eradicating the Islamic State and explores other aspects of the issues inherent with doing so. Final thoughts and suggestions are provided as the paper winds down.
Sindrom Raynaud: Laporan Kasus
Authors: Sary Sanny Kusuma , Adiyanti Sri Suryo
Published: April 2024

Pendahuluan: Fenomena Raynaud ditandai dengan adanya tiga fase perubahan warna kulit jari tangan secara mendadak sebagai mekanisme vasospasme yang dapat terjadi primer maupun sekunder. Kejadian vasospasme pada fenomena Raynaud sekunder atau sindrom Raynaud berkaitan dengan penyakit lain, di antara sindrom Sjogren. Pemeriksaan laboratorium berperan penting dalam diagnosis dan evaluasi terapi sindrom Raynaud.Laporan Kasus: Wanita 38 tahun dengan klinis sindrom Raynaud berupa nyeri dan luka kehitaman pada ujung jari 2 dan 3 tangan kiri didapatkan hasil Prothrombin Time (PT) dan Activated Partial Thromboplastine Time (APTT), yang memanjang. Pasien diperiksakan lupus antikoagulan (LA), antibodi antinuklear (ANA), antibodi anticardiolipin (ACA) IgG dan IgM, Beta 2 GP IgG dan IgM, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), laju endap darah (LED) serta ANA profile dengan hasil PT dan APTT fluktuatif, LA positif lemah, ACA IgG indeterminate, LED cepat, CRP meningkat, ANA profile (++) Ro-52 recombinant.Diskusi: Sindrom Raynaud merupakan kumpulan gejala vasospasme yang berhubungan dengan penyakit lainnya, terutama penyakit autoimun. Pada pasien ditemukan keluhan khas fenomena Raynaud serta hasil laboratorium ANA profile yang mendukung kearah sindrom Sjogren. Pemeriksaan PT dan APTT fluktuatif pada pasien disebabkan adanya terapi heparin intravena, warfarin, kondisi inflamasi, serta kemungkinan adanya antibodi anti fosfolipid. Kesimpulan: Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium ANA profile pada pasien sesuai sindrom Sjogren yang mendasari sindrom Raynaud. Disarankan pemeriksaan mixing study, fungsi sintesis hati, dan antibodi antifosfolipid dengan jeda 12 minggu untuk mencari penyebab lain dari PT dan APTT memanjang.
Global trends in the development of a sustainable bioeconomy for rural growth in Ukraine
Authors: Yaremova Maryna , Tarasovych Lyudmyla , Kilnitska Olena , Buluy Oleksiy , Kravchuk Nataliia
Published: April 2024

Growing global environmental problems are forcing humanity to think about transforming the basic principles of doing business, as the traditional economic order leads to an increase in the volume of pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, excessive depletion of the main types of fossil fuels, and considerable accumulation of industrial and household waste. In these circumstances, the alternative is to use low-carbon energy sources, which will minimise destructive environmental impacts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations of bioeconomic activity and practical recommendations for the development of a sustainable bioeconomy in Ukraine. To fulfil this purpose, the study employed general scientific and special methods of theoretical and empirical research, specifically, at the theoretical level, the methods of theoretical generalisation, abstract-logical, hypothetical, historical, methods of ascent from the abstract to the concrete, etc. The empirical level includes comparative, descriptive, SWOT strategic analysis, graphs, and tables. Using the methods outlined in the historical retrospective study, the study monitored the volume of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions into the atmosphere due to the considerable use of fossil fuels, which provokes an increase in global environmental problems in society. Under these conditions, sustainable economic activity is gaining popularity, allowing for the production of renewable energy from renewable resources, agricultural, forestry and fishery residues, as well as organic industrial and household waste. The study outlined foreign practices and Ukrainian initiatives to promote bioeconomic activity, considering the country’s natural resource and intellectual potential, as well as financial national support for the bioindustry. Considering the findings of the study, the strengths and weaknesses of the sustainable bioeconomy were systematised using SWOT analysis, key threats to its formation in Ukraine were foreseen, and constructive opportunities for its development were identified. The practical value of this study lies in the scientific substantiation of proposals for promising strategic guidelines for the development of a sustainable bioeconomy with strengthening its capabilities and finding ways to minimise the destructive impact of key threats
Agricultural enterprise economic security systems modelling
Authors: Kuzmenko Oleksandra , Chyzhevska Maryna
Published: April 2024

The research relevance was determined by the current conditions of economic instability and the growing influence of external factors on the economic activities of enterprises, understanding and effective management of economic security issues is becoming extremely important for ensuring the sustainability of agricultural enterprises. The study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the economic security of an agricultural enterprise, focusing on identifying key aspects and their impact on the sustainability and viability of the enterprise. The study employed an analytical method, statistical method, functional method, system analysis method, deduction method, synthesis method and comparison method. This study focuses on the economic security of agricultural enterprises, considering the complex aspects of efficiency, risk protection and the ability to adapt to changes in the economic environment. The study defines economic security as a systematic approach to risk management and sustainability. Particular attention is devoted to responding to changes in the external environment, such as price fluctuations, climate anomalies and global market trends. Theoretical models, such as the risk system model, effective resource management, innovative development, and global competitiveness, which determine various aspects of economic security, were considered. The study focuses on the financial condition of the agricultural company Kernel, which proved to be dynamic and ambiguous in 2020-2023. The analysis includes factors such as the impact of geopolitical events and economic instability due to the war. The company implements strategies for global competitiveness, demonstrating flexibility, innovation, and diversification to ensure sustainability. Strategies are proposed to expand production diversification, improve risk management, and use innovative technologies to adapt to climate change. The practical application of this study lies in the possibility of using the results and recommendations developed on their basis to improve the economic security systems of agricultural enterprises
Taraxacum officinale in meadow fodder production
Authors: Shtakal Mykola , Tkachenko Mykola , Kolomiiets Larysa , Kurhak Volodymyr , Hlushchenko Liudmyla
Published: April 2024

The relevance of this study lies in the fact that the value of Taraxacum officinale for fodder production is extremely limited, although it is one of the most common species on natural and sown fodder lands. The purpose of this study was to experimentally establish the biological value and possibilities of introducing Taraxacum officinale into the culture, its technological suitability for cultivation in pure sowings and mixtures with cereal-legumes. The study employed the following methods: field, laboratory, analytical, and statistical. The study found possibilities of sowing Taraxacum officinale in the grass stand and ways of using it with green and roughage, best sowing methods and productivity, content of biologically active substances, etc. It was proved that sowing of Taraxacum officinale in the grass stand ensures its content in green and roughage at 2-4%, which is an insufficient amount of active ingredient for use as fodder additives. It is more promising to sow Taraxacum officinale in pure crops. The yield of dry mass and roots of Taraxacum officinale without irrigation was 1.5-2.4 t/ha. Under irrigation, the yield of dry weight of its leaves increased. The best method of sowing is wide-row sowing with row spacing of 25-35 cm. The main biologically active substances are flavonoids, polysaccharides, bitters, vitamins, pectin substances, and hemicellulose. Taraxacum officinale contains nutrients that are typical for fodder and are fully analysed for zootechnical purposes. Specifically, it has a high crude protein content (22.3% in leaves and 18.4% in leaves and roots). According to other indicators of the full zootechnical analysis, the feed from Taraxacum officinale meets the zootechnical requirements. The inclusion of Taraxacum officinale in the feeding ration can ensure the production of organic livestock products that meet the current requirements of the European Green Deal strategy
Mulching as a restoration method of revegetation at ash and slag dumps of Burshtyn TPP
Authors: Semak Uliana , Mylenka Myroslava
Published: April 2024

The study of the effect of mulching to establish vegetation cover at industrial sites is promising and relevant in terms of environmental restoration and reduction of environmental risks in the area of influence of industrial facilities. The study aims to investigate and evaluate the effectiveness of mulching and sowing seed mixtures as a method of establishing vegetation cover at ash and slag dumps of thermal power plants. To conduct the study, the soil cover of ash and slag dumps was assessed, and experimental plots were laid out for mulching and sowing seed mixtures. The study revealed that ash and slag dumps ecotopes are characterised by a high concentration of pollutants, namely heavy metals, which makes it difficult for vegetation to grow there. In the course of studying the ecological features of the ecotopes and phytodiversity of the territory, a list of species of native flora for seed mixtures was proposed. Mulching was done on the experimental plots and seed mixtures were sown. Mulching has proven to be an effective method for accelerating the processes of natural regeneration of vegetation in areas affected by anthropogenic impact. The results of the study can be used in practice by ecologists, environmental organisations, and a wide range of specialists to develop and implement measures to restore the ecological balance of degraded and technologically transformed ecosystems
Exploring the Integration of Data Analytics and IoT: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Rushikesh R. Chikane
Published: April 2024

The fusion of IoT and data has become integral to modern technological advancements. The Internet of Things (IoT) orchestrates the interconnection of diverse devices, networks, and technologies towards common objectives. However, the true value of IoT lies in the analysis of the data it generates. Data Analytics (DA) emerges as the critical process to scrutinize both voluminous and nuanced data sets, facilitating the extraction of meaningful insights and actionable conclusions. Collaboration between stakeholders, including businesses, healthcare providers, and educational institutions, can harness the synergy between data analytics and IoT to gain a competitive edge
Technik-Highlights aus Barcelona
Authors: von Rekowski Elke
Published: April 2024

Mobile World Congress 2024: Auf der ersten großen Technikmesse des Jahres in Europa wurde ein ganzer Strauß von Neuigkeiten über die Technikfreaks ausgeschüttet. Wir stellen einige von ihnen vor. Von Elke von Rekowski
Genuport stärkt E-Commerce
Authors: Fries Tanja
Published: April 2024

Genuport hat zuletzt Volumen am Markt verloren. Der Importeur will nun das Online-Geschäft ausbauen, eine neue Außendienst-Plattform kreieren und weitere Marken ins Portfolio holen, um den Umsatzverlust auszugleichen.
Widerstand gegen Waldschutz-Verordnung
Authors: Bender Hanno
Published: April 2024

Der Zeitplan zur Umsetzung der Entwaldungsfrei-Verordnung (EUDR) steht zur Diskussion. Neben Wirtschaftsverbänden pochen EU-Staaten auf mehr Zeit.
«Luxus & Design ‒ Swiss Made»
Authors: Frutig Markus
Published: April 2024

Die Schweizer Verpackungs-, Design- und Luxusgüterindustrie braucht und kreiert ständig neue Trends, Technologien und Innovationen, um im internationalen Wettbewerb an der Spitze zu bleiben und trotz höherer Lohnkosten mithalten zu können. Ein aktueller Überblick über Veredelungs-Technologien, Trends und Möglichkeiten. Von Markus Frutig, Chefredaktor packAKTUELL
Digitalisierungsstrategien und Systemlösungen
Authors: Frutig Markus
Published: April 2024

Unter dem Motto «Multiply Your Value» zeigte die Unternehmensgruppe Multivac auf der Messe Anuga FoodTec ihr breites Portfolio an innovativen Verarbeitungs- und Verpackungslösungen für die Lebensmittelindustrie.
Ein Schritt vorwärts oder ein Stolperstein?
Authors: Frutig Markus
Published: April 2024

Mit der Verordnung über Verpackungen und Verpackungsabfälle PPWR strebt die Europäische Union an, dem wachsenden Problem der Verpackungsabfälle in Europa entgegenzuwirken und die Grundlagen für eine Kreislaufwirtschaft zu schaffen. Verbände sehen aber handwerkliche Fehler in den aktuellen Vorschlägen und fordern Nachbesserungen.
Zukunftsfähige Verpackungslösungen
Authors: Frutig Markus
Published: April 2024

Bei der Entwicklung neuer Produkte im Verpackungsbereich wurde der Nachhaltigkeit ein hoher Stellenwert eingeräumt. Von den Herstellern und Anbietern wurden modernste Technologien sowie umweltfreundliche Polstermaterialien und Umverpackungen integriert, und es wurden (Mehrweg-) Kreislaufsysteme etabliert. Zudem blieb der Trend zur Individualisierung von Verpackungen prägend.
Individuelle energieeffiziente Lösungen
Authors: Ntemiris Anna
Published: April 2024

Nachhaltiger, schneller und effizienter: Die Anforderungen an Maschinenanlagen werden immer höher. Energiefresser sind Geschichte, zur Zukunft gehört auch die Automatisierung, wie unsere Analyse von Beispielen aus dem Verpackungssektor zeigt.
ASi-5 Safety Muting Modul: Effizienter durch das "Loch im Schutzzaun"
Authors:   Thomas Rönitzsch
Published: April 2024

Material ja, Personen nein - um diese Unterscheidung geht es beim Muting. Denn diese sicherheitstechnische Funktion ermöglicht in der stationären Fördertechnik sichere automatisierte Materialtransporte in Gefahrenbereiche hinein und aus diesen heraus. ASi-5 Safety und das neue Muting-Modul BWU4411 von Bihl+Wiedemann erschließen diesem sicheren Weg durch das "Loch im Schutzzaun" neue Performance- und Kostenvorteile.
Einfaches Handling verschiedenster Signale: Baustein-Boom
Authors:   Przemyslaw Joachimiak
Published: April 2024

Lange Zeit waren hierarchisch strukturierte Maschinen mit einer zentralenSteuerung Stand der Technik. Heutzutage können viele Aufgaben jedoch wesentlicheffizienter mit modularen Maschinen- und Anlagenkonzepten realisiert werden,deren Module dezentral gesteuert werden. Zuverlässige Komponenten – vonSensorik über Multiprotokoll-I/O-Module, vorkonfektionierte Anschlusstechnikund LED-Leuchten bis zu RFID – sind dabei eine grundlegende Voraussetzung.
Sieben Punkte für mehr Baustoffrecycling
Authors: Hugo Pascal
Published: April 2024

Nach jahrelangen, besser jahrzehntelangen Diskussionen auf Bundes- und Länderebene um die umweltgerechte Verwertung von mineralischen Bauabfällen und die damit verbundene Ersatzbaustoffverordnung (EBV) hat der Bundesrat im vergangenen Sommer einer Novelle abschließend zugestimmt. Die detaillierten Forderungen aus der Recycling- und Bauwirtschaft blieben nahezu unberücksichtigt, ebenso die geforderte Aufnahme einer Regelung zum Abfallende für Ersatzbaustoffe. Zwar liegt seit dem Jahreswechsel ein Eckpunktepapier des Bundesumweltministeriums zum Ende der Abfalleigenschaft von mineralischen Baustoffen vor, das in einen Referentenentwurf münden soll. Aber auch hier sehen die betroffenen Verbände erheblichen Nachbesserungsbedarf. Denn das Abfallende soll unter anderem nur für ausgewählte, schadstoffarme Fraktionen geregelt werden und mithin für einen vergleichsweise geringen Massenstrom.
Ein Silberstreif aus Brüssel
Authors: Schodrowski Bernhard
Published: April 2024

Im Dezember 2021 gelang es der Ampelkoalition im Koalitionsvertrag die Unternehmen der Kreislaufwirtschaft und auch die Verpackungshersteller zu großen Erwartungen in Fragen von Nachhaltigkeit und Verpackungsrecycling zu animieren: Die Regierungspartner griffen erstmals in einem Koalitionsvertrag das Thema Kreislaufwirtschaft explizit auf. Was wurde daraus?
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ UNG THƯ TUYẾN GIÁP THỂ TỦY TẠI BỆNH VIỆN K GIAI ĐOẠN 2016-2023
Authors: Ngô Xuân Quý , Ngô Quốc Duy , Trần Đức Toàn , Lê Thế Đường , Lê Văn Quảng
Published: April 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và kết quả điều trị ung thư tuyến giáp thể tủy tại Bệnh viện K giai đoạn 2016-2023. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả hồi cứu kết hợp tiến cứu trên 54 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán ung thư biểu mô tuyến giáp thể tủy điều trị tại bệnh viện K từ tháng 01/01/2016 đến tháng 01/11/2023. Kết quả: Tỉ lệ nữ/nam là 1/1,08, độ tuổi trung bình là 52,7±11,3 (27-74) tuổi. Đánh giá trên siêu âm chủ yếu là TIRADS 4 (66,7%), tỉ lệ chọc hút tế bào kim nhỏ chẩn đoán ung thư tuyến giáp thể tủy là 61,1%. Bệnh nhân chủ yếu giai đoạn III, IVa chiếm tỷ lệ 38,9% và 27,8%. Tỷ lệ di căn hạch chung là 53,7%. Tổn thương TKTQQN và tuyến cận giáp tạm thời là hai biến chứng hay gặp nhất với tỉ lệ 29,6% và 22,2%. Theo dõi sau điều trị có 9 bệnh nhân tái phát trong đó 2 BN tái phát tại chỗ, 5 BN tái phát hạch và 2 BN di căn xa, có 1 BN tử vong. Thời gian sống thêm toàn bộ 5 năm đạt 91,7%  với trung vị 81 tháng. Thời gian sống thêm không bệnh 5 năm đạt 73,1% với trung vị 70,2 tháng. Kết luận: Ung thư tuyến giáp thể tủy là bệnh lý ác tính hiếm gặp, tỷ lệ di căn hạch cao. Siêu âm, chọc hút tế bào kim nhỏ kèm xét nghiệm CEA, Calcitonin có vai trò chẩn đoán. Phẫu thuật là phương pháp điều trị chính, xạ trị có vai trò bổ trợ trong các trường hợp nguy cơ cao. Bệnh có tiên lượng tương đối tốt với tỷ lệ sống thêm toàn bộ 5 năm là 91,7% và sống thêm không bệnh 5 năm là 73,1%.
KẾT QUẢ SỚM PHẪU THUẬT BÓC NỘI MẠC ĐỘNG MẠCH CẢNH ĐIỀU TRỊ HẸP ĐỘNG MẠCH CẢNH TRONG DO XƠ VỮA TẠI BỆNH VIỆN BẠCH MAI
Authors: Nguyễn Hữu Ước , Phạm Quốc Đạt , Lê Hữu Công , Ngô Gia Khánh , Vũ Anh Tuấn , Đồng Minh Hùng , Mạc Thế Trường , Phùng Văn Thắng , Đặng Thị Hoa , Nguyễn Văn Minh , Hoàng Vũ , Trần Lê Công Thắng , Lê Khả Bách
Published: April 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Hẹp động mạch cảnh do xơ vữa là một trong các nguyên nhân chính gây ra đột quỵ nhồi máu não. Phẫu thuật bóc nội mạc động mạch cảnh điều trị hẹp động mạch cảnh là một phương pháp đã được chứng minh giúp làm giảm tỉ lệ đột quỵ nhồi máu não. Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả sớm phẫu thuật bóc nội mạc động mạch cảnh điều trị hẹp động mạch cảnh do xơ vữa tại bệnh viện Bạch Mai. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Tất cả các bệnh nhân phẫu thuật bóc nội mạc động mạch cảnh tại khoa Phẫu thuật Lồng ngực - Mạch máu, Bệnh viện Bạch Mai từ tháng 01/2022 đến tháng 09/2023. Nghiên cứu mô tả hàng loạt ca bệnh. Kết quả: tổng số gồm 104 bệnh nhân, với 111 lượt phẫu thuật bóc nội mạc động mạch cảnh (7 bệnh nhân phẫu thuật 2 bên); 87 bệnh nhân nam (chiếm 83,7%); 17 bệnh nhân nữ (chiếm 16,3%), tuổi trung bình là 69,1 ± 8,3 tuổi, 68 bệnh nhân (65,4%) hẹp động mạch cảnh có triệu chứng. Bóc nội mạch và phục hồi bằng miếng vá PTFE có 39 lượt phẫu thuật (34,1%), lột nội mạc động mạch cảnh có 72 lượt phẫu thuật (64,9%). Kết quả sớm: 100% bệnh nhân động mạch cảnh lưu thông tốt, không có hẹp tồn lưu. Tử vong sớm 2 trường hợp (chiếm 1,9%) trong đó, một trường hợp do đột quỵ chảy máu não, một trường hợp tử vong do tai nạn giao thông. Tỷ lệ tai biến mạch não sớm trong 30 ngày chiếm tỷ lệ 2,8%. Kết luận: Phẫu thuật bóc nội mạc động mạch cảnh là một phương pháp an toàn, hiệu quả trong điều trị hẹp động mạch cảnh do xơ vữa.
NGHIÊN CỨU KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ NGOẠI TRÚ CHỬA NGOÀI TỬ CUNG CHƯA VỠ BẰNG METHOTREXATE LIỀU ĐƠN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN PHỤ SẢN HÀ NỘI
Authors: Nguyễn Phương Thảo , Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà , Đỗ Tuấn Đạt
Published: April 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả điều trị ngoại trú CNTC chưa vỡ bằng Methotrexate (MTX) đơn liều. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 98 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán chửa ngoài tử cung (CNTC) chưa vỡ và điều trị bằng MTX đơn liều tại khoa khám phụ khoa Bệnh viện Phụ sản Hà Nội từ tháng 7/2021 đến tháng 6/2022. Kết quả: Độ tuổi trung bình của đối tượng nghiên cứu là 39,5 ± 4,2 với 48% bệnh nhân chưa có con và 61,2% bệnh nhân có tiền sử nạo hút, sảy thai. Tỷ lệ điều trị thành công cao nhất ở nhóm bệnh nhân có nồng độ bhCG ban đầu dưới 500mUI/ml và kích thước khối chửa nhỏ hơn 20mm. Nồng độ bhCG ban đầu và kích thước khối chửa càng nhỏ thì tỷ lệ thành công càng cao, sự khác biệt này có ý nghĩa thống kê với p,0,05. 32,65% bệnh nhân có xuất hiện tác dụng phụ, tuy nhiên phần lớn tác dụng phụ nhẹ không cần điều trị. Kết luận: Nồng độ bhCG ban đầu và kích thước khối chửa càng nhỏ thì tỷ lệ thành công càng cao trong điều trị CNTC chưa vỡ bằng MTX.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG BỆNH NHÂN THOÁI HÓA HOÀNG ĐIỂM TUỔI GIÀ GIAI ĐOẠN SỚM VÀ TRUNG BÌNH TẠI BỆNH VIỆN MẮT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: Đoàn Kim Thành , Nguyễn Chí Trung Thế Truyền , Nguyễn Điền Châu My , Âu Tâm Hào , Nguyễn Phát Trước Tiên
Published: April 2024

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát đặc điểm dịch tễ và lâm sàng ở bệnh nhân thoái hoá hoàng điểm tuổi già (THHĐTG) giai đoạn sớm và trung bình tại Bệnh viện Mắt thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang có nhóm chứng được thực hiện tại BVM TP HCM từ tháng 11/2022 đến tháng 06/2023. Tổng 90 mắt của 88 người tham gia nghiên được chia làm 3 nhóm. Nhóm bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán THHĐTG giai đoạn sớm và trung bình theo phân loại Ferris với 30 mắt cho mỗi nhóm và 30 mắt bình thường cùng độ tuổi để so sánh. Bệnh nhân được khám và ghi nhận các thông số về dịch tễ bao gồm tuổi, giới tính và các thông số lâm sàng về thị lực và nhãn áp. Kết quả: Độ tuổi trung bình ở các nhóm lần lượt là 65,73 ± 7,71 ở nhóm chứng, 65,97 ± 8,80 ở nhóm THHĐTG giai đoạn sớm và nhóm THHĐTG giai đoạn trung bình là 66,90 ± 8,13. Tỉ lệ nam: nữ lần lượt là 1:1,14; 1,14:1 và 1,14:1. Không có sự khác biệt về đặc điểm dịch tễ gồm độ tuổi và tỉ lệ nam: nữ giữa 3 nhóm đối tượng nghiên cứu với p lần lượt là 0,845 và 0,837. Thị lực logMAR ở nhóm THHĐTG giai đoạn trung bình là 0,47 ± 0,56, có xu hướng thấp hơn so với 2 nhóm chứng và AMD giai đoạn sớm lần lượt là 0,39 ± 0,31 và 0,41 ± 0,40, tuy nhiên khác biệt không có ý nghĩa thống kê (p = 0,972). Nhãn áp tương đồng giữa các nhóm đối tượng nghiên cứu với giá trị lần lượt ở nhóm chứng, AMD giai đoạn sớm và trung bình là 15,23 ± 3,95mmHg, 13,80 ± 3,66mmHg và 13,43 ± 3,11mmHg (p = 0,128). Kết luận: THHĐTG giai đoạn sớm và trung bình có đặc điểm dịch tễ khá tương đồng, thường gặp ở người trên 60 tuổi với tỉ lệ nam: nữ 1,14:1. Thị lực của bệnh nhân THHĐTG giai đoạn sớm và trung bình thay đổi không đáng kể so với người bình thường cùng độ tuổi. Bệnh nhân cần đến khám và phát hiện bệnh sớm nhằm điều trị sớm, hạn chế tiến triển đến giai đoạn nặng của bệnh lý trước khi có biểu hiện suy giảm thị lực.T
ĐÁNH GIÁ CHẤT LƯỢNG CHẾ PHẨM KHỐI HỒNG CẦU SẢN XUẤT TẠI KHOA TRUYỀN MÁU BỆNH VIỆN TWQĐ 108
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Thu Trang , Mầu Văn Trọng , Nguyễn Đức Tiến , Chu Thị Kiều Trang , Đào Thị Hằng , Phùng Sơn Hải , Vũ Xuân Nghĩa
Published: April 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá chất lượng chế phẩm khối hồng cầu từ hồng cầu tại khoa Truyền Máu Bệnh viện TWQĐ108. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang mô tả ngẫu nhiên 108 đơn vị khối hồng cầu tại khoa Truyền Máu bệnh viện TWQĐ 108 từ tháng 01 tới tháng 06 năm 2023. Các chỉ số đánh giá thể tích, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit. Kết quả: 108 khối hồng cầu được nghiên cứu ngẫu nhiên.Tỷ lệ hiến máu nhắc lại đạt 74,1%. Nồng độ huyết sắc tố trung bình của người hiến máu đạt 152,93 ± 31,83 g/L và khác nhau có ý nghĩa thống kê giữa các nhóm tuổi (p<0,05). 59 đơn vị máu toàn phần 250ml (54,62%) và 49 đơn vị máu toàn phần 350ml (45,38 %). Thể tích trung bình, huyết sắc tố trung bình và hematocrit của các khối hồng cầu 250ml và 350ml lần lượt là 180,17 ± 20,35 ml ,50,30 ± 3,48 g/đv; 0,54 ± 0,04 l/l và 255,84 ± 16,63 ml, 75,70 ± 5,67 g/đv, 0,55±0,04 l/l. Kết luận: 100% đơn vị máu toàn phần và 100% đơn vị khối hồng cầu điều chế được đạt tiêu chuẩn chất lượng Việt Nam theo thông tư 26/2013/TT-BYT hướng dẫn hoạt động truyền máu