bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis histórico de los mezcales y su situación actual desde una perspectiva ecomarxista/ Historical analysis of mezcals and their current situation from an eco-marxist approach
Authors: Plascencia de la Torre María Fernanda , Peralta Gordon Lilian María
Published: December 2018

En este artículo se aborda la situación histórica de la elaboración, el consumo y la comercialización de los destilados de agave que se producen en México, a partir de la Ecología Política, con enfoque ecomarxista. Se argumenta que, tras la mercantilización del mezcal, los productores artesanales vinculados a prácticas diversas y heterogéneas, que resultan más sustentables, son sistemática y legítimamente excluidos y despojados tanto de los agaves como del conocimiento para elaborar mezcales. Esto, con miras a favorecer la producción industrial ligada a la acumulación de capital. A través de un análisis histórico, con énfasis a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX e inicios del XXI, se definen los principales cambios en las condiciones y medios de producción del mezcal. Se examina la transformación de valor de uso a valor de cambio y la mutación de los agaves en mercancías ficticias, como resultado de la mercantilización del mezcal. Por último, se describen los esquemas políticos y legales que el Estado mexicano utiliza contemporáneamente para legitimar la exclusión y el despojo de los pequeños productores.

Abstract

This article analyzes the history of production, consume and commercialization of distillate agave manufactured in Mexico, through Political Ecology, from an eco-marxist approach. The main argument is that those artisans whose practices are diverse and heterogeneous, are systematically and legitimately excluded and stripped of the agaves and the associated knowledge to elaborate mescal, to favor industrial production linked to the accumulation of capital. Through historical analysis, with particular emphasis on the second half of the twentieth century to the present, the main changes in their conditions and means of production are defined. The transformation from use value to exchange value and the mutation of the agaves to fictitious commodities are examined. Finally, the article discusses the political and legal schemes used contemporarily by the Mexican State to legitimize exclusion and dispossession.
Geografía, economía y territorios rurales en América Latina: presentación del dossier/ Geography, economy and rural territories in Latin America: an introduction to the dossier
Authors: López María Fernanda , Carrión Andrea
Published: December 2018

El artículo introduce una perspectiva geográfica para el estudio de la relación entre economía y territorios rurales latinoamericanos, a través de los conceptos de Milton Santos de horizontalidades y verticalidades. Se discuten dos aristas de esa relación: las dinámicas económicas que se materializan en los territorios, en el contexto de los impulsos espacio-temporales globales y la producción de escalas geográficas que resulta de esa materialización, a través de la relación entre actores y economías de base territorial. El análisis se organiza en cuatro líneas: 1) las políticas estatales y la reconfiguración económico-productiva territorial, 2) el extractivismo y las inequidades territoriales, 3) las nuevas formas espaciales de la fuerza de trabajo rural y 4) la espacialidad de la agricultura familiar. Se argumenta que las dinámicas económicas en los territorios rurales no están limitadas exclusivamente a la esfera de la producción, sino que abarcan procesos de reproducción y cuidado de la vida, en su sentido más amplio. Adicionalmente, en un contexto donde la movilidad, los ensambles y las redes son elementos distintivos de la nueva geografía rural, aparecen escalas híbridas con mayor flexibilidad, maleabilidad y vínculos amorfos entre espacios y lugares diversos.

Abstract

Through Milton Santos' concepts of horizontalities and verticalities, this article introduces a geographical perspective for studying the relationship between economy and rural territories in Latin America. Two dimensions of that relationship are approached: the spatio-temporal global impulses that take a material grounding at particular locations, and the production of scales of that grounding through the relationship between agents and localized economies. The analysis is organized into four themes: 1) state policies and economic-productive territorial restructuring, 2) extractivism and territorial inequities, 3) new spatial dynamics of the rural labor force, 4) spatiality of family farming. We argue that rural dynamics are not limited exclusively to the sphere of production, but encompass processes of reproduction and care of life, in its broadest sense. In addition, mobility, assemblages and networks are distinctive elements of current territorial dynamics, creating hybrid scales with greater flexibility, malleability and amorphous linkages between spaces and places.
Lógicas mediales y narrativas: transmedialización de las narrativas sobre el narcotráfico en Colombia
Authors: Forero Medina Nelson Camilo
Published: December 2018

En el presente texto se busca mostrar las diferentes lógicas o gramáticas que existen entre diferentes medios, a saber, el libro, la televisión y el streaming. Con este objetivo, se evalúan tres productos mediales que corresponden a un mismo tema: las narrativas sobre la violencia del narcotráfico en Colombia en los años ochenta. Así, se analiza el libro de Alonso Salazar, La parábola de Pablo: auge y caída de un gran capo colombiano (2001); El patrón del mal, de Caracol Televisión (Moreno y Mora, 2012), y la serie Narcos (Bernard, Brancato y Doug, 2015), de la cadena de streaming Netflix. El texto se divide en dos partes: la primera analiza las diferencias puramente mediales entre el libro y los medios audivisuales. Aí mismo, se desarrolla una descripción de los fenómenos de transmedialización. La segunda se enfoca en los cambios que se producen en los contenidos al ser transmedializados. A diferencia de la primera parte, este capítulo aborda las diferencias discursivas y de recepción que se crean a partir de la adaptación de la historia del patrón del mal por parte de la plataforma Netflix.
Um contributo para o debate sobre a redefinição da esfera pública em rede a partir da participação pública dos portugueses no ciberespaço
Authors: Quintanilha Tiago Lima
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo tenta enquadrar para Portugal a discussão sobre a transição de uma esfera pública normativa (Habermas, 1968/1989, 1998) para uma nova esfera pública em rede (Benkler, 2006), potenciada pelas características da internet, pela sociedade em rede global, e pelas culturas participativas e interativas. São utilizados dados do módulo participação pública do inquérito Digital news report, do Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, de 2018, aplicado a uma amostra representativa da população portuguesa. Os dados obtidos apontam para a existência e apropriação dos múltiplos formatos de participação pública no ciberespaço, através da partilha de notícias, comentários a notícias, participação em processos de votação online, etc., nos sites de títulos de imprensa ou nas redes sociais. Contudo, os dados coligidos apontam para a fundação de uma participação pública no ciberespaço que, pelas suas características, determina a constituição e consolidação lentas de uma nova esfera pública em rede para o contexto português
Como se escreve “liberdade”? Narrativas sobre a revolução de 25 de Abril de 1974 na imprensa brasileira
Authors: Kieling Camila Garcia
Published: December 2018

Este artigo propõe uma recomposição da intriga de narrativas sobre a Revolução de 25 de Abril de 1974 em Portugal a partir da cobertura de dois jornais brasileiros de referência: o paulistano O Estado de S. Paulo e o carioca Jornal do Brasil. Compreendemos a narrativa jornalística como uma ordenadora do tempo na contemporaneidade, exprimindo uma “circulação generalizada da percepção histórica” (Nora, 1979, p. 180), mobilizada pela emergência de um novo fenômeno: o acontecimento. O incomum golpe de Estado em Portugal mexeu com o imaginário político mundial, reavivando confrontos entre esquerda e direita. Nesse momento, no Brasil, a ditadura militar completava 10 anos e iniciava-se o mandato do quarto presidente integrante das Forças Armadas. As narrativas são analisadas sob diferentes pontos de vista: por meio da organização dos fatos no tempo, da construção das personagens, das projeções para o futuro ou, ainda, da ressignificação do passado.
Desenvolvimento de Modelo Computacional para Previsão da Qualidade do Efluente de Lagoa Facultativa Usando a Abordagem da Dinâmica de Sistemas
Authors: Logatti Bruna , Kellner Erich
Published: December 2018

RESUMO
Este trabalho apresenta os resultados preliminares do desenvolvimento de modelo computacional para previsão da qualidade do efluente de lagoa facultativa proposta por FRITZ (1985) com abordagem da dinâmica de sistemas, sendo utilizado o software VenSim PLE ®. O modelo considera o balanço de massa aplicado em um reator de mistura completa, consistindo na resolução simultânea de doze equações diferenciais no tempo para determinação das concentrações efluentes da DQO bruta, DQO solúvel, oxigênio dissolvido, Nitrogênio Orgânico e Inorgânico, Nitrogênio Total Kjeldhal, Nitrogênio Amoniacal, Fósforo Orgânico e Inorgânico, Alcalinidade, concentração hidrogeniônica (pH). Os resultados das simulações para os parâmetros DQO bruta, DQO solúvel, Nitrogênio Total Kjeldhal e Nitrogênio Amoniacal, realizadas para o período de um ano, foram comparados com os resultados obtidos por Pedrelli (1997) para uma lagoa facultativa tratando esgoto sanitário e localizada em Balneário Camburiú (SC). Os resultados das simulações obtidos para DQO bruta e solúvel apresentarem resultados satisfatórios em relação aos obtidos em campo, porém para os demais parâmetros os resultados da simulação foram ligeiramente superiores aos observados. Tais variações podem estar associadas a não consideração da variabilidade da qualidade do afluente na lagoa facultativa, assim como a possibilidade de ocorrência de compartimentalização do volume líquido, o que afastaria o modelo da condição de mistura completa.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Lagoa de estabilização, modelo computacional, qualidade do efluente.
Intervenções para a velhice: a (dis)função social da cidade.
Authors: Portes Filipe Augusto , Gonçalves Luciana Márcia , Monteiro Luzia Cristina Antoniossi
Published: December 2018

A transição demográfica é um dos desafios inerentes à contemporaneidade, a criação de ambientes favoráveis se faz necessário para que todos os cidadãos tenham a oportunidade de desfrutar de uma velhice digna. Diante disso, o artigo tem como objetivo apontar a requalificação de imóveis ociosos como alternativa sustentável para a criação de moradias e equipamentos sociais para idosos de baixa renda. Trata-se de um estudo interdisciplinar, recorte de pesquisas em andamento, uma delas com auxílio regular FAPESP (Processo nº 2017/15781-9), possui caráter transversal, exploratório e descritivo, pautado no método quanti-qualitativo de investigação. A pesquisa vem sendo desenvolvida em região central do município de Araraquara, área demarcada diante de sua relevância histórica e pertinência literária, onde se realizaram visitas de campo, com o intuito de identificar imóveis ociosos. Foram identificados 101 imóveis que preliminarmente são de interesse do estudo, este número constitui aproximadamente 15% da amostra (n=716). Tal desfecho aponta a ausência da aplicabilidade de instrumentos jurídico-urbanísticos, presentes em nossa legislação, que permitem que os gestores atuem de forma democrática na efetivação do preceito da função social da propriedade. O local encontra-se dotado de infraestrutura, uma vez que se trata de parte da área central do município de Araraquara. A criação de moradias para idosos nesta região vai ao encontro da promoção do bem estar e da qualidade de vida, uma vez que facilitaria o acesso destes cidadãos aos serviços e equipamentos disponíveis.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Envelhecimento. Planejamento Urbano. Função Social da Cidade.
Roma within Obstructing and Transformative Spaces
Authors: Toma Stefánia , Fosztó László
Published: December 2018

The aim of our article is to inquire into the interconnectedness of local social context, mobility processes and social transformations. We argue that migratory patterns of the local Roma population in ethnically mixed communities are shaped by the degree and modes of maintenance of social distance between the Roma and local majority. While social distance can shape the ways migrant networks develop, it also influences the way remittances are invested at home. The analysis focuses on the comparison of two rural communities from Transylvania where we carried out community studies and a household survey which also included attitude questions related to ethnic groups. Our study revealed that the most visible aspect of the local separation is the housing segregation. While this is present in both cases, in one of the villages Roma use their upward mobility to challenge social segregation and to reduce physical distance (i.e. moving inside the village). Here in spite of physical closeness social distance between the majority and Roma remains high. In the other locality the importance of social ties increase during migration and social distance is reduced, while the ethnic groups maintain their relative residential separation.
First report of natural infection of Xerolenta obvia (Pulmonata, Mollusca) by Dicrocoeliidae (Digenea) larval stages in Turkey
Authors: ISMAIL Fatma Mohamed Abdualrazig Khalifa , GÜRELLİ Gözde
Published: December 2018

Aim of study: This study aimed to investigate the
prevalence and morphological features of Dicrocoeliid larval stages (sporocysts
and cercariae) in the terrestrial snail Xerolenta obvia (Menke, 1828) inhabiting Kastamonu.

Material and Methods: X. obvia samples were gathered after rainfall in the surrounding areas of the Kastamonu province over
the spring (i.e. April and May) and autumn (i.e. October and November) of 2016. The samples were dissected alive, and their
hepatopancreata were removed and placed into glass tubes containing a 0.6% NaCl
solution. The hepatopancreas was dissected using a needle and liquid was spread on a slide as a thin layer, to investigate the parasites' live larval stages. Dicrocoeliid
larval stages (sporocysts and cercariae) were examined under a compound microscope, fixed in 5% formalin and stained with
Semichon's acetocarmine. The samples were also prepared for observation under a scanning electron
microscope.

Main results: This was the first report of X. obvia
as an intermediate host in the life cycle of the Dicrocoeliidae family in
Turkey. In Kastamonu, the infection prevalence was 0.78%, with its highest
occurrence in April.

Research highlights: Since the snails were gathered mainly from pastures surrounding the villages
and farms, where herbivorous animals graze, it was concluded that the larval stages found in the snails might belong to Dicrocoelium dendriticum. The presence of larval
stages of this trematode parasite in the snails gathered from the pastures
poses a risk to the definitive host animals.
Phylogeny of Some Melanoleuca Species (Fungi: Basidiomycota) in Turkey and Identification of Melanoleuca angelesiana A.H. Sm. As a First Record
Authors: KALMER Aysenur , ACAR İsmail , DIZKIRICI TEKPINAR Ayten
Published: December 2018

Aim of Study: The purposes of the present study are to describe

and identify all collected Melanoleuca

samples using morphological characters, determine phylogenetic relationships

among species using DNA sequences of ITS and LSU regions and check the number

of subgenera of Melanoleuca genus.

Area of Study: Samples were collected from different parts

of Turkey and the study was conducted at the Department of Molecular Biology

and Genetics in Van Yüzüncü Yıl University.

Material and

Methods: Twenty-two samples, representatives of fourteen species, were used.

Structures of pileus, stipe, lamellae and basidia, cystidia, spores were used

as macroscopic and microscopic features, respectively. The nuclear ribosomal

internal transcribed spacer region (nrITS) and largest subunit (LSU) were

amplified for molecular analyses.

Main results: Taxonomic

positions of some Melanoleuca species

from Turkey were evaluated based on both morphological characters and sequences

of two different nuclear DNA regions. nrITS region was more informative (112

variable sites in ITS1, 1 in 5.8S and 95 in ITS2 subregions) compared to LSU

(46 variable sites). Analyses of ITS region revealed that the genus Melanoleuca was monophyletic and divided

into two subgenera as Melanoleuca and Urticocystis.

Research

highlights: Within studied species, Melanoleuca

angelesiana was firstly reported for mycobiota of Turkey
Using the Ultrasonic Stress Wave Technique to Evaluate Structural Timber Members of an Old Masonry Building
Authors: KOCA Gulru , DÜNDAR Türker , AS Nusret
Published: December 2018

Aim of

study: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the current state of the

structural timber members of an old masonry building by using destructive and

non-destructive test methods and to determine the efficiency of non-destructive

test methods by obtaining correlations between destructive and non-destructive

test parameters.

 

Area of

study: Specimens were extracted from different parts of an old semi-detached

masonry building in Istanbul, Turkey. The building was built at the beginning

of the 20th century in Kadıköy, a residential district in the Asia side of

Istanbul.

 

Material

and Methods: Ultrasonic stress wave test was carried out on

specimens prepared from the structural members. Following the ultrasonic based

non-destructive tests, the bending strength and modulus of elasticity in the

bending tests were determined for the specimens.

 

Main

results: According to the results of the experiments, it was observed that the

regression correlations were high for the softwoods (fir and spruce), but

relatively lower correlations were obtained for the chestnut specimens.

 

Highlights:

Because

of the good R2 values obtained between the MOED and

mechanical properties of the softwoods, the non-destructive stress wave

technique can be recommended for the evaluation of softwoods in structures.

Although chestnut showed very good mechanical properties, a satisfactory

evaluation of the chestnut members could not be obtained because of the small

number of specimens. Further investigation is needed with large sample groups. 
The City as an Agent of Refugee Integration
Authors: Doomernik Jeroen , Ardon Djoeke
Published: December 2018

In this contribution, we investigate how the role of cities in the governance of refugee integration has changed as a consequence of the Europeanization of asylum policies into a Common European Asylum System (CEAS) in conjunction with the “refugee crisis” of 2015, which this CEAS turned out to be unable to adequately cope with. We will answer this question by first giving a quick overview of scholarly thinking on the role of the city in global issues in general, and in migration issues in particular. After this we provide an exploratory analysis of the role cities presently see for themselves as cities, as well as jointly organized in European networks.
Being Accommodated, Well Then? ‘Scalar Narratives’ on Urban Transformation and Asylum Seekers’ Integration in Mid-Sized Cities
Authors: Meier Sabine
Published: December 2018

This article deals with the interplay between the rescaling processes of cities and pathways of asylum seekers’ integration. Building on scale theory and employing a downscaled mid-sized city in the Netherlands as a unit of analysis, two research questions are answered. Firstly, what kind of urban planning strategies do urban authorities of downscaled, midsized cities develop to rescale their cities? Secondly, how are these strategies related to the imagined pathways of asylum seeker integration? Here, the term ‘scale’ does not refer to an absolute ‘spatial object’ that is able to affect social reality. Rather, scales are socially produced through negotiation processes which are contested and heterogeneous. It is argued that Dutch urban authorities and housing corporations take a normative view of ‘pathways of integration’ and standardise these in terms of space, time and financing. By these socially produced scale processes, asylum seekers’ accommodation is well-managed, keeping the residents regulated and ‘in place’. Urban authorities utilise ‘scalar narratives’ to legitimate their interactions with asylum seekers and the way in which disadvantaged neighbourhoods in mid-sized cities are transformed. Using the Dutch mid-sized city Kerkrade as the case study, it is illustrated that local opportunity structures for integration are confined by (1) urban planning strategies mainly based on residential and tourism economies, (2) the perception of successful integration via a small-scale social mix within neighbourhoods, and (3) the neglect of public representation of cultural diversity.
Urban Planning for the Integration of Refugees: The Importance of Local Factors
Authors: Seethaler-Wari Shahd
Published: December 2018

Housing location is one of several characteristics that play a significant role in the future integration of asylum-seekers. Many of these characteristics or institutional arrangements are spatialized aspects relevant to urban planning. Drawing on experiences from fieldwork in Göttingen, a mid-sized city in the German Federal state of Lower-Saxony 2016–2018, this article demonstrates the local challenges, strategies and their resulting institutional arrangements on various aspects of asylum-seekers’ lives. It discusses the influence of those arrangements on the development of their social circles, and on their access to different resources, influencing their participation in and interaction with the social and urban life of their host cities; thereby influencing their integration processes. To do so, the article addresses local factors that are significant for urban planners to include into an integration plan. It observes the role urban planning can play in preventing aspects of segregation in the various life domains of refugees and in providing urban contexts that facilitate integration in European cities. The first assumption of this article is that integration, refugees’ attitudes towards it, and an urban context that can facilitate it start from day one of the arrival of new comers in their host city/town. The second assumption is that integration happens on the local level of the city, and more specifically on the level of the host neighborhood.
Doenças associadas à dificuldade de realizar atividade física em academias públicas de uma amostra de idosos do sul do Brasil
Authors: Alves Lucas Gomes , Salin Mauren Da Silva , Faleiro Deise Jaqueline Alves , Machado Matheus Franzoni , Hoffmann Leonardo , Zawadzki Patrick , Mazo Giovana Zarpellon
Published: December 2018

Introdução: Observando um aumento da população e a criação de programas públicos de atividade física, torna-se interessante identificar as doenças que dificultam a prática de exercício físico dos idosos nesses programas, de modo que esses indicadores sirvam para promover maior adesão ao programa e melhor desenvolvimento das atividades realizadas com os participantes. Objetivo: identificar as doenças crônicas associadas à dificuldade de idosos para realizar atividade física nas Academias da Melhor Idade (AMI). Casuística e Métodos estudo transversal observacional, realizado em uma amostra de 255 idosos, durante o ano de 2011, na cidade de Joinville, do Sul do Brasil. Foi utilizado um questionário sobre características e de condições de saúde (doenças diagnosticadas pelo médico, percepção subjetiva de saúde, se o estado de saúde atual dificulta a prática de atividades físicas e satisfação com a mesma), aplicados em forma de entrevista. Para a análise de dados utilizou-se testes de associação e identificando a razão de chance por meio da regressão logística binária. Resultados: Dentre as doenças relatadas, 47,4% dos idosos disseram apresentar hipertensão arterial, 20,3% diabetes, 10,9% artrose, 8,6% dores lombares e 7,8% dislipidemia. Verificou-se também que os idosos acometidos por dores lombares e artrose apresentam, significativamente, mais chances de possuírem dificuldade da realização de atividade física. Conclusão: Idosos com dores lombares e artrose manifestam mais chances de apresentar dificuldade na prática de atividade física. Além disso, há associação dessa dificuldade com a presença de artrite e osteoporose. Os indicadores apontados permitirão a realização de programas de atividade física ajustados às necessidades dos praticantes, e por sua vez, produzirão maior aderência permitindo um ciclo de contínua evolução
Pesquisa científica: conhecimento, atitudes e barreiras entre estudantes de medicina brasileiros
Authors: Figueiredo Wasley Pereira Santos , Nunes Tiago Da Silva , Moura Tauanny Aragão de , Lima Rosiane Santana Andrade , Tanajura Diego Moura
Published: December 2018

Introdução: O contato extracurricular com a pesquisa científica pode ajudar a melhorar as habilidades dos alunos e são muitos os potenciais influenciadores na adesão dos estudantes. Objetivo: Identificar níveis de conhecimento científico e atitudes científicas de estudantes de medicina bem como as principais barreiras para a prática científica. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com acadêmicos de medicina do Campus Prof. Antônio Garcia Filho da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Brasil. Aplicaram-se questionários validados a 90 estudantes que em seguida, foram agrupados em quatro classificações (não envolvidos em projetos; envolvidos em extensão; envolvidos em pesquisa e envolvidos em ambos (pesquisa e extensão). Resultados: Parcela significativa dos estudantes envolveu-se com projetos de pesquisa e extensão (43,33%) e as médias gerais de atitude e conhecimento científicos foram moderadas (56,85 ± 14,35; 47,28 ± 16,69). Os grupos de estudantes que participaram de pesquisa junto com extensão, apresentaram maiores pontuações de atitude científica (63,10 ± 13,69) e o conhecimento científico de todos os grupos foi similar. As barreiras, para a prática científica, mais citadas foram a falta de estrutura (73,33%), de tempo (70%), de orientação (67,78%), o foco nas atividades curriculares (54,44%) e falta de familiaridade com estatística (50%). Conclusão: Estudantes que apresentavam contato com pesquisa cientifica e extensão apresentaram atitudes mais positivas para pesquisa, demonstrando a importância do estímulo a essa prática. As barreiras, para as práticas científicas, mostraram-se similares à literatura mundial, mostrando que devem ser feitas medidas para reduzi-las e estimular a prática científica.
Pode o intraduzível traduzir-se. Deve.
Authors: Galindo Caetano Waldrigues
Published: December 2018

Resumo: A partir da situação de obras-limite como Grande sertão: veredas, de Guimarães Rosa (e o Finnegans Wake, de James Joyce, por exemplo) o texto apresenta um argumento em favor da traduzibilidade da literatura como tal e, especialmente, das obras literárias mais radicais, propondo inclusive que essa sua radicalidade torna ainda mais central sua condição de “traduzíveis”. Ao longo de uma comparação entre obras literárias, musicais e pictóricas, e seus diferentes conceitos de original e reprodução, o texto sustenta que a reprodutibilidade é por necessidade corolário da base linguística da literatura, o que acarreta a traduzibilidade necessária como premissa menor, derivada, e, portanto, quase inquestionável.Palavras-chave: traduzibilidade; experimentalismo; Grande sertão: veredas; Finnegans Wake.Abstract: From the situation of such radical works as Grande Sertão: Veredas, by João Guimarães Rosa (and Finnegans Wake, by James Joyce, for instance) this paper argues in favor of the translatability of literature as such and, most specially, of the more avant-garde works of literary art, whose radical position makes their translatability even more necessary. After comparing works of literature, music and painting, and their different ideas of originality and reproduction in each of these fields, this paper argues that this reproducibility is a natural consequence of the linguistic basis of literature, which entails this translatability as a minor premise, a second-order premise, which is, as such, unquestionable.Keywords: translatability; experimentalism; Grande sertão: veredas; Finnegans Wake.
Expedição a Mato Grosso, 1947
Authors: Moraes Joana Passi de
Published: December 2018

Resumo: Em 1947, uma expedição organizada pela Universidade do Brasil (UB), no Rio de Janeiro, rumou para Mato Grosso e percorreu Campo Grande, Corumbá, Nhecolândia e o Pantanal Mato-Grossense. O grupo foi composto por estudantes da Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia da Universidade do Brasil, coordenados pelo professor Hilgard O’Reilly Sternberg, e estudantes do Instituto Rio Branco, liderados pelo diplomata, professor e escritor João Guimarães Rosa. Informações sobre esta expedição pouco aparecem nos registros de literatura e arte, constando apenas em passagens vagas e incompletas sobre o período na bibliografia de Rosa. A história desta expedição será brevemente apresentada com base numa investigação (ainda em processo) em arquivos públicos e privados. Uma reflexão baseada no discurso de posse de Rosa na Sociedade de Geografia do Rio de Janeiro, abordará a sua relação com a poesia e a geografia. O texto “Sanga Puytã” (1947), do autor, será explorado em um exercício para compor um esboço da paisagem da expedição. O artigo se encerra com a argumentação sobre o uso da linguagem verbo-visual e de ferramentas para compor a história da expedição de1947 ao Pantanal.Palavras-chave: João Guimarães Rosa; Sanga Puytã; investigação artística; paisagem; memória.Abstract: In 1947, an expedition organized by the University of Brazil (UB), in Rio de Janeiro, went to Mato Grosso and traveled through Campo Grande, Corumbá, Nhecolândia and the Pantanal. The group consisted of students from the National Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Brazil, headed by professor Hilgard O’Reilly Sternberg, and students from the Rio Branco Institute, led by the diplomat, professor and writer João Guimarães Rosa. Information about this expedition is scarcely registered in literature and art records, found only in vague and incomplete passages about the period in Rosa’s bibliography. The history of this expedition will be briefly presented, as a result of an investigation, which is still in process in public and private archives. A reflection based on Rosa’s inauguration discourse, in the Geography Society of Rio de Janeiro, will deal with his relation with poetry and geography. The text “Sanga Puytã” (1947) will be explored as an exercise to compose a sketch of the expedition’s landscape. The article is concluded with an argument about the use of verbal-visual language and tools to compose the history of the 1947 Pantanal expedition.Keywords: João Guimarães Rosa; Sanga Puytã; artistic research; landscape; memory.
Comprensión de estudiantes de Secundaria sobre la dimensión sociológica de la naturaleza de la ciencia a partir de la historia de la ciencia
Authors: García-Carmona Antonio , Acevedo-Díaz José Antonio , Aragón María del Mar
Published: December 2018

Este artículo presenta un análisis global de tres estudios cualitativos sobre la comprensión de la dimensión sociológica de la naturaleza de la ciencia (NDC), usando tres casos de historia de la ciencia (HDC): “Semmelweis y la fiebre puerperal”, “La controversia entre Pasteur y Pouchet sobre la generación espontánea” y “Rosalind Franklin y la elucidación de la estructura del ADN”. Los tres estudios fueron llevados a cabo con estudiantes de Educación Secundaria (4º de ESO, 1º de Bachillerato y 2º de Bachillerato), en condiciones habituales de clase, mediante una estrategia basada en la reflexión crítica y el debate sobre cuestiones de NDC. El análisis se concretó en determinar las referencias de los estudiantes en sus respuestas argumentadas a los descriptores de sociología de la ciencia, establecidos en las rúbricas empleadas para la evaluación. Se concluye que los estudiantes de Educación Secundaria, en general, mejoraron su comprensión sobre la influencia de factores sociológicos en el desarrollo de la ciencia, a partir de la reflexión y discusión crítica en torno a los casos de HDC seleccionados.
Care Time
Authors: Stevens Sarah E.
Published: December 2018

In this creative nonfiction essay, the author discusses "care time" as the liminal place between crip time and abled time. They discuss how their role as a care partner to a spouse with a disability has changed their own relationship to time, to community, to life, and to love.
Review of Who Am I To Stop It
Authors: Millett-Gallant Ann
Published: December 2018

No abstract available.
Four-wave mixing on thermal nonlinearity in a scheme with positive feedback
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Akimov A. , Guzairov S. ,   Samara National Research University, Ivakhnik V. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: December 2018

The influence of feedback for both signal and object waves on the amplitude reflection coefficient of a four-wave radiation converter on thermal nonlinearity has been considered. The dependences of the reflection coefficient of a four-wave converter on the parameters of a ring-type resonator, which provides the feedback, and the pump intensity have been obtained and analyzed. It was shown that the use of a ring-type resonator allows one to increase the reflection coefficient of a four-wave radiation converter on thermal nonlinearity by several times.
Method of nephroscintigraphic dynamic images analysis
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Gaidel A. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Kapishnikov A. ,   Samara State Medical University, Pyshkina Yu. ,   Samara State Medical University, Kolsanov A. ,   Samara State Medical University, Khramov A. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: December 2018

We propose a method for automatic processing of dynamic nephroscintigrams based on fitting the renogram curve by an exponential function. The method makes it possible to obtain objective parameters of the kidney condition. The performance of the method is studied on a set of radionuclide images of a transplant. Results of clinical studies confirming the diagnostic efficiency of the developed approach are presented. Analysis of the kinetics of the nephrotropic indicator provides an accurate assessment of the functional status of the transplanted kidney. Two numerical parameters are revealed that offer a higher diagnostic efficiency when calculated from the constructed model compared to when they are calculated from the original renogram.
Optical differentiation based on the Brewster effect
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Nesterenko D. ,   Samara National Research University, Kolesnikova M. ,   Samara National Research University, Lyubarskaya A. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: December 2018

In this work, technologies of analog optical computing for image edge detection using flat interfaces between dielectrics are studied both theoretically and experimentally. The feasibility of analog differentiation and edge detection by using the Brewster effect for polarized light sources is demonstrated. The efficiency of the analog image processing is investigated using a variety of amplitude and phase masks.
Shape from mixed polarization
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Taamazyan V.
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we propose a new method that jointly uses viewpoint and polarization data to holistically separate diffuse and specular components, recover refractive index, and ultimately recover the 3D shape of an object. By involving the physics of polarization in the separation process, we demonstrate competitive results with a benchmark method, while recovering additional information (e.g. refractive index).
Design of an axisymmetric optical element generating a prescribed illuminance distribution and wavefront
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Doskolovich L. ,   Samara National Research University, Andreeva K. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Bykov D. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: December 2018

Design of an axisymmetric refracting optical element to transform an incident beam into an output beam with the prescribed illuminance distribution and prescribed wavefront is considered. The wavefront of the output beam is represented by the eikonal function defined in some plane behind the optical element. The computation of the optical element surface is reduced to the solution of two explicit ordinary differential equations of the first order. As examples, we consider the design of two optical elements to transform a spherical beam from a point Lambert light source into a beam with the uniform illuminance and plane wavefront and a beam with the complex wavefront to focus into an on-axis line.
Numerical route reservation method in the geoinformatic task of autonomous vehicle routing
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Agafonov A. , Myasnikov V. ,   Samara National Research University,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS
Published: December 2018

Autonomous vehicle development is one of many trends that will affect future transport demands and planning needs. Autonomous vehicles management as a part of an intelligent transportation system could significantly reduce traffic jams and decrease the overall travel time. In this work, we investigate a route reservation architecture to manage road traffic within an urban area. The routing architecture decomposes road segments into time and spatial slots for every vehicle, it makes the reservation of appropriate slots on the road segments in the selected route. This approach allows one to predict the traffic in the road network and find the shortest path more precisely. We propose that a rerouting procedure should be utilized to improve the quality of the routing approach. We consider several speed-density relations to estimate the vehicle speed based on a road segment reservation state. The experimental study of the routing architecture is conducted using microscopic traffic simulation in SUMO package.
Em louvor a Evanildo Bechara
Authors: Cavaliere Ricardo
Published: December 2018

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A devolução dos excedentes pelas cooperativas de crédito brasileiras: fomento à economia individual do associado em detrimento da sua efetiva participação econômica
Authors: De Souza Leonardo Rafael
Published: December 2018

Diferentemente de outros modelos de negócio, o capital nas sociedades cooperativas tem como função garantir de forma instrumental as necessidades dos seus membros e comunidade. Por isso que em toda e qualquer cooperativa o caráter econômico do capital deve ser observado de forma a não corromper o modelo de negócio cooperativo, aí incluída a interpretação dada ao 3.º Princípio da Participação Econômica dos Membros. Contudo, ao realizarem a destinação dos seus excedentes, grande parte das cooperativas de crédito brasileiras optam por remunerar as quota-partes do membro na sociedade, privilegiando a formação de poupança individual em detrimento de fundos cooperativos que fortaleçam o próprio empreendimento. Então, o objetivo deste estudo é, principalmente, promover uma reflexão principiológica sobre o papel do excedente.Recibido: 31 mayo 2018Aceptado: 10 octubre 2018Publicación en línea: 21 diciembre 208
Régimen jurídico de la participación de los socios y socias en el capital de la cooperativa: tipos de aportación y derechos económicos
Authors: Gaminde Egia Eba
Published: December 2018

El capital de las cooperativas es un factor instrumental y no de finalidad única y primordial, pero sí necesario. Este capital se constituye a través del tercer principio cooperativo de «Participación económica del socio», conforme al que todos los miembros contribuyen de manera equitativa y lo controlan de manera democrática. En este trabajo expondremos el régimen jurídico de dicho principio, abordando cuestiones tan importantes como la forma de aportarlo y los derechos que conlleva.Recibido: 31 mayo 2018Aceptado: 16 octubre 2018Publicación en línea: 21 diciembre 2018
CPI Welcomes the Fall 2018 Special Issue "Spirit and Heart"
Authors: DePass Cecille , Abdi Ali A.
Published: December 2018

Editorial
Indigenizing Work as “willful work”: Toward Indigenous Transgressive Leadership in Canadian Universities
Authors: Debassige Ahnungoonhs / Brent , Brunette-Debassige Candace
Published: December 2018

As Indigenous peoples employed at a university who are working to Indigenize it from within, in this article, we share our experiences, discuss some of our challenges, and show how we draw meaning and strength from Indigenous stories to ground us in our approach. We use Indigenous, anti-oppressive, anti-racist and decolonizing theories, Indigenous standpoints, embodied experiences, and emotive responses to make explicit the lived work realities of Indigenous people in mainstream universities. Through a dialogic approach, we trace one pathway for explicating Indigenous transgressive leadership in Canadian universities. In our discussion, we situate Indigenizing work as “willful work” (Ahmed, 2014). We call for a “strategic willfulness” as a constructive orientation, for Indigenous leaders to embrace, as we continue to confront the colonial, hetero-patriarchal and whitestream nature of Canadian universities. Most importantly, we underscore the need for Indigenous leaders involved in Indigenizing work in the university to draw from Indigenous epistemological and relational ethics in their leadership work, and to be strategically willful, interruptive and transgressive.
Spirit is Collaborative
Authors: Henay Charlotte
Published: December 2018

Charlotte Henay has used a combination of verse and prose to describe the inclusion of memories that are not included in the history book, a collaborative memory that recalls what is said and left unsaid making the “unseen, visible” , telling our own stories, bringing black and indigenous women’s voices to the forefront.
Interaction, Change, and the Role of the Historical in Validation: The Case of L2 Dynamic Assessment
Authors: Poehner Matthew E. , van Compernolle Rémi A.
Published: December 2018

This article examines the implications of argument-based validity for the continued development of dynamic assessment (DA) research and practice. We propose that the move toward validation as a process of interpretation and evidence-based argument is commensurable with DA but that fundamental ontological differences with conventional approaches to measurement must be recognized. Following Ollman’s (2003) explication of dialectical thinking, and in particular the distinction between philosophies of external and internal relations, we submit that the standard view of abilities as discrete traits is untenable in DA. Instead, abilities must be understood in a manner that takes account of (a) available forms of mediation and (b) change that occurs over the course of DA. To illustrate how a process of validation might be undertaken in DA, we present findings from recent DA studies involving second language learners. Our discussion brings into focus both learner participation in DA interactions and score changes over time.
Dynamic Assessment and Computerized Adaptive Tests in Reading Processes
Authors: Navarro Juan-José , Mourgues-Codern Catalina V.
Published: December 2018

The development of novel educational assessment models founded on item response theory (IRT), as well as software tools designed to implement these models, has contributed to the surge in computerized adaptive tests (CATs). The distinguishing characteristic of CATs is that the sequence of items on a test progressively adapts to the performance levels of students as they are taking it. An important advantage of CATs is that they can reduce the duration of the assessment by automatically excluding in real time those items that are either too easy or too hard for a student’s capabilities. Furthermore, a CAT can provide real-time feedback to students based on their ongoing performance on the test. More recently, dynamic CATs have emerged that include special features (e.g., graduated prompts, pretest and posttest assessment items, cognitive scaffolding items) to assess the proximal development zone of the students. This allows test administrators to obtain information about the kind and level of mediation required by the students to reach their optimal performance. The following article presents some initial results from the experimental application of a computerized adaptive dynamic assessment battery of reading processes in a sample of Spanish-speaking elementary school students. Specifically, the aim was to analyze the effect of the graduated prompts implemented in a syntactic awareness test on the results obtained. In addition, preliminary results regarding the predictive and incremental validity of dynamic scores on reading competence are presented and discussed.
Aleitamento materno: percep��o do pai sobre seu papel
Authors: Teston Elen Ferraz , Reis Tamara Siqueira , G�is Lislei Maia de , Spigolon Dandara Novakowski , Maran Edilaine , Marcon Sonia Silva
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: compreender de que modo o pai percebe seu papel em rela��o ao aleitamento materno. M�todo: pesquisa descritiva, de natureza qualitativa, realizada em uma maternidade da regi�o noroeste do Paran�. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, no m�s de julho de 2017. Os depoimentos foram submetidos � an�lise de conte�do, modalidade tem�tica. Resultados: Surgiram duas categorias: percep��o do pai sobre aleitamento materno; e o apoio paterno como facilitador disso. Os 14 pais reconhecem a import�ncia do aleitamento materno para a sa�de da crian�a, para preven��o de doen�as, e a exist�ncia de dificuldades nesse processo. Observou-se tamb�m que os pais percebem seu papel de apoio e incentivo durante a realiza��o de diferentes tarefas que facilitam o processo de aleitamento materno. Conclus�o: compreendeu-se que o envolvimento paterno no processo de aleitamento materno constitui estrat�gia essencial para o enfrentamento das dificuldades vivenciadas e para manuten��o dessa pr�tica.
Produ��o cient�fica da enfermagem no cuidado ao paciente renal
Authors: Otoni Alba
Published: December 2018

A doen�a renal cr�nica (DRC), definida como anormalidades na estrutura e/ou fun��o dos rins, por um per�odo maior que tr�s meses, com implica��es para a sa�de, caracteriza-se como um problema de sa�de p�blica em todo mundo numa crescente epidemia. Como consequ�ncia, h� uma evidente diminui��o da qualidade de vida da popula��o acometida, bem como altos custos para os cofres p�blicos, em especial, no Brasil. Estima-se que a DRC afete, aproximadamente de 11 a 13% da popula��o mundial e est� fortemente associada h� um elevado risco de morte e de eventos cardiovasculares. Em 2018, a sociedade brasileira de nefrologia (SBN) publicou que, de acordo com Censo Brasileiro de Di�lise de 2017, havia 126.538 pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva (TRS), com uma preval�ncia estimada de 610 pacientes por milh�o da popula��o (pmp), em di�lise no Brasil, entre 2011-2017.