bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of biogas production based on cow manure, tempeh waste and water hyacinth plants using the anaerobic digestion method
Authors: Arifan F , Broto R T D W , Saputri A B , Auliah M D , Fauzi M N , Sapatra E F , Praseto A N
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study is to produce biogas from livestock manure, water hyacinth and tempeh liquid waste which is actually dangerous for the surrounding environment. Water hyacinth has a high hemicellulose content, while animal waste and tempeh liquid waste can produces CH4 gas even the BOD and COD values are quite high. By using anaerobic digestion method, we will convert the material into methane gas. This research took a total of 28 days with by using other materials also such as NaOH, H2SO4, stater, aquadest. After conducting research, the most optimal results for the total biogas volume were obtained by variable A5 (86.63% cow dung: 4.70% water hyacinth: 8.66% tempeh liquid waste) with total volume of 2360 ml and the highest amount of methane/CH4 gas is obtained by A6 (86.63% cow dung: 4.70% water hyacinth: 8.66% tempeh liquid waste) with a value of 830581.83 ppm. While the lowest CH4 shows by variable A1 with total amount of 209601.39 ppm. This shows that water hyacinth is not sufficient to increase the potential amount of biogas produced.
The effect of additive compounds on the fresh properties of fly ash-based geopolymer binder
Authors: Indriyantho B R , Hidayat B A , Han A L , Prasetya B H , Priastiwi Y A , Sasmita D A , Januar H I
Published: December 2024

The utilization of fly ash-based geopolymer serves as a practical alternative to reduce the dependence on cement as a binding element, particularly in concrete construction. The increased viscosity of the geopolymer mixture requires careful evaluation of its effects on the fresh geopolymer’s physical properties, specifically its workability and setting time. This study investigates the impact of additive compounds, including superplasticizer, additional water, and extra cement, alone or in combination, on the initial properties of geopolymer mixtures, specifically geopolymer binders. The findings of workability testing conducted using the mini-slump test, and setting time analysis, performed using the Vicat apparatus, demonstrate that the inclusion of superplasticizer, additional water, and extra cement can either enhance or diminish the physical characteristics of the geopolymer combination. Hence, it is essential to evaluate the utilisation of the geopolymer combination to achieve the most optimal physical characteristics, while also taking into account its potential for on-site application.
Knowledge management in community-based urban development: case study bendhung lepen kampung mrican
Authors: Saputra B , Renaldi I , Pegi A L , Halawa H S , Fajri H
Published: December 2024

This study explores knowledge management in community-based urban development, focusing on a case study of kampung bendhung lepen, mrican. The main argument of this study is that structured and initiated local knowledge can effectively increase the capacity of communities to adapt and thrive in an ever-changing urban environment. This study aims to identify how local knowledge is initiated, how inclusivity and community awareness are strengthened, and how communities interact with external resources to support urban development. This study adopts a qualitative approach of case studies, then data collection is carried out through interactive interviews, and document analysis is carried out by examining various sources such as news articles, social media, and YouTube videos. The data analysis process is carried out by the manual coding process where coding is carried out to find keywords from the transcription that has been obtained. Triangulation is carried out to validate the data. The results of the research are divided into three main themes. The first theme is the initiation of local knowledge, the second theme is inclusivity and community awareness. The third theme is intervention and external acquisition experiments. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of integrating local knowledge in community-based urban development strategies. The suggestions put forward are the need for policies that support community initiatives and recognize local knowledge as a valuable asset. This model can be applied to other urban communities to achieve sustainable and inclusive development.
Analysis of environmental utilization in sustainable development based on environmental law perspective
Authors: Syafril R , Putri N E , Efrina R , Slipilia I , Wadi F F
Published: December 2024

One of the biggest challenges in sustainable development is how to optimally utilize natural resources without damaging the ecosystem functions that support human life and other living things. Natural resources such as water, land, forests, minerals, and energy are important assets that must be preserved so that they can be utilised fairly and responsibly by current and future generations. For this reason, strategies and policies are needed that can integrate economic, social and environmental aspects of natural resource management. Environmental law studies are studies that examine legal aspects related to environmental protection and management. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which environmental law can provide a normative basis for the sustainable use of natural resources. This research is a normative juridical research using data analysis in the form of qualitative juridical analysis. The utilisation of natural resources must pay attention to the needs of environmentally sound development, namely development that does not damage ecosystem functions and environmental balance. Thus, environmental law review can provide recommendations that can be used as a reference for stakeholders in making decisions related to environmental issues.
In vitro study of antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activity of orange (Citrus sinensis) and jade lemon (Citrus limon) peels essentials oils
Authors: Indrianingsih A W , Asari S M , Pratiwi S I
Published: December 2024

Oranges and jade lemons belong to the citrus genus that grows in various parts of the world. Citrus flavor plays an important role in the global market and is commonly used in various industries. In this research, the biological activity of orange and lemon peel essential oils (EO) will be studied, i.e. antioxidant, antidiabetic and antibacterial. Characterization of the chemical compounds was also carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The analysis results show that the antioxidant activity of jade lemon using ß-carotene bleaching assay method is higher than orange, as of 34.81% and 14.32%, respectively. The antioxidants using the DPPH method show that both samples had low activity with IC50> 2000 ppm. The antidiabetic activity test using α-glucosidase inhibitory assay method showed that orange and jade lemon had good activity with results of 89.7 and 89.0%, respectively. The total phenolic content of orange and jade lemon using the Folin-Ciocalteau method was 182.7 mg gAE/g and 433.3 mg GAE/g, respectively. Antibacterial assay against Staphylococcus aureus showed that jade lemon had greater activity, as of 14.53 mm, while jade lemon had activity of 9.06 mm. Analysis of chemical compounds using GC-MS shows that jade lemon and orange have the largest composition of d-limonene compounds, as of 80.27% and 98.99%, respectively. The results of this research show that peel from orange and jade lemon essential oils has potential as a natural antimicrobial and antidiabetic for application in various food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
Aligning new product development with reverse engineering methodologies for headlamp jig
Authors: Omar N I , Bakar I A A , Kamurazaman N N , Ismail S , Omar S , Sktani Z D I , Mahmood W H W , Yusuf Y
Published: December 2024

This study explores the combination of reverse engineering (RE) and new product development (NPD) methodologies to enhance the manufacturing process of headlamp jigs. RE, utilised as a benchmarking technique, aids in regenerating parametric designs or innovating new product concepts. The distinctive appearance relies on headlamps with protective coatings cured at high temperatures in UV ovens, necessitating jigs capable of withstanding such conditions. Hence, employing RE becomes crucial to fortifying jig performance. While RE often signifies innovation or refinement, the current headlamp jig encounters deformation issues during manufacturing due to high curing oven temperatures and intense water jet cleaning pressures. The absence of an effective NPD approach exacerbates persistent jig deformation challenges. NPD, encompassing stages like idea generation, concept development, design, testing, and marketing, is crucial. The absence of NPD, along with the complexity of RE, could prolong timelines and escalate expenses in bringing marketable products to fruition. This study aims to propose an NPD model for headlamp jigs, leveraging RE methodologies to enhance composite jig fabrication processes. The integration of PDCA methodologies within NPD intends to rectify deformation issues while optimizing manufacturing processes for superior headlamp jigs.
Groundwater hydrogeochemistry in the southern part of Pujut sub-district, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Irfaudin M , Putra D P E , Taufiq A.
Published: December 2024

The southern sub-district of Pujut, which encompasses Mandalika’s Special Economic Zone, is a region focused on industrial and tourism growth. Groundwater supplies are necessary to fulfill the demands of the local population and the tourism sector. In groundwater exploration, one of the important parameters is hydrochemistry, whereas, in the research area, more studies are needed on this topic, especially in relation to hydrogeological conditions. The objective of this research is to comprehend the hydrochemical properties of the groundwater system present in this region. A total of 9 samples from drilled wells and 2 samples from springs were collected and assessed to ascertain the concentration of primary ions. The diagrams developed by Piper and Stiff were employed to categorize the groundwater facies and establish their correlation with the geological conditions. The results revealed that the chemical composition of the groundwater was classified into four unique categories, demonstrating differences in facies and groundwater systems. Group 1 comprises Ca-Mg-HCO3 facies characterized by bicarbonate water and is associated with calcarenite limestone and volcanic breccia. Group 2 is the Ca-Cl facies, distinguished by the presence of water rich in chloride. These facies are characterized by the occurrence of saline or brackish water associated with calcarenite limestone and are frequently observed in close proximity to the shoreline. A mixture of Na-Cl-SO4 characterizes group 3. The concentration of sulfate ions is high in this group, and their existence is due to the oxidation of sulfide minerals in altered volcanic breccias. Group 4 is the mix of Ca-Na-HCO3 type and is associated with alluvium deposits. Based on the previous explanation, groundwater that has the potential to be exploited is groundwater in the Ca-Na-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-HCO3 facies. According to the explanation, the groundwater that can be utilized is the groundwater in the Ca-Na-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-HCO3 facies.
Good handling practice of tobacco waste effect on farm worker’s wages and biotechnology innovation (case study subsidies allocation)
Authors: Mahananto  , Irawan N C , Irianto H , Suswadi  , Haryuni
Published: December 2024

The difficulties of tobacco waste management during production provide the context for the research. Tobacco waste, including stems, stalks, and other by-products, can be a significant environmental problem, even though sustainable methods are essential. Tobacco waste reuse is an area that needs further research. Thus, this study will examine how GHP, worker salaries, and biotech innovation relate. The study, which used a quantitative approach, was conducted in Gatak District, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, involving 50 active tobacco farm workers selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected through surveys, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews and analyzed using linear and multinomial logit regression. The findings indicate that age, education, experience, waste sorting, waste processing, field school participation, and biotechnology training significantly influence worker wages and the likelihood of innovation in biotechnological applications. The study highlights the importance of education, training, and effective waste management practices in promoting sustainable innovation in the tobacco industry.
Bibliometric analysis: novelty research on sustainable national park management from an ethnobiological perspective
Authors: Afriyansyah B , Atmowidi T , Farajallah D P , Iskandar J
Published: December 2024

In the perspective of sustainable development, goals of the SDGs must be guided and implemented. Collaborative research studies with the theme of ethnobiology with national parks have recently become a trending topic of discussion. This study aims to examine the development trend and gap of excellence of ethnobiology topics in the management of national park areas in a sustainable manner. This study uses data from academic journals published between 2004 and 2024 to understand the research trends, main topics, and leading authors of national park management in the view of ethnobiology. The data were analyzed with Vosviewer 1.6.19 software and Biblioshiny application, R-Package Bibliometric software, and R-Studio 4.4.1. The analysis revealed that the main topics of ethnobiological studies in national parks include ethnobotany, medicinal plants, conservation, and biodiversity. However, in the last ten years, the research themes featured, and the resulting publications still need to be higher, namely research topics towards ethnobiology, fauna/ethnozoology, plant utilization, local ethnicity, and rural communities. Collaborative research is necessary to obtain new ideas and research formulations such as ethnobiology, ethnozoology, ethnoecology, and ethnic/rural communities in national park management strategies for sustainable development.
Decoding carbon neutrality targets: insights from Indonesia’s economic and energy perspective
Authors: Valeriani D , Sah T
Published: December 2024

To achieve carbon neutrality, it is essential for Indonesia to promote the integrated development of its energy, environmental, and economic systems (3E). This research examines the potential integration of economic growth, energy intensity, and renewable energy consumption into efforts to reach carbon neutrality in Indonesia. Utilizing data from 1990 to 2020, the study investigates the impact of these factors on CO2 emissions through multiple linear regression analysis. The findings indicate that economic growth, energy intensity, and renewable energy consumption are pivotal in pursuing carbon neutrality. While economic growth slightly contributes to CO2 emissions, the effect is not statistically significant, although the ecological Kuznets curve is observed. On the other hand, increased energy intensity significantly raises CO2 emissions, presenting a challenge to meeting carbon neutrality goals. Conversely, greater use of renewable energy has a notable effect in reducing CO2 emissions and supporting carbon neutrality efforts. Key policy recommendations include advancing a green and digital-based economy, expanding clean energy utilization, and adopting sustainable green technologies.
Smart metering and remote monitoring for biogas production and management: Small scale biogas plants as a case for the study.
Authors: Ntaganda J , Gasore G , Twahirwa E , Mwaisekwa I I , Kapalamula H E , Kabera T
Published: December 2024

Biogas potential assessments indicate that low-income countries have biogas resource potential to substantially contribute to the clean cooking transitioning and also reduce carbon emissions linked to the use of solid biomass as cooking fuels. However, the estimated biogas potentials have not been harnessed, and its contribution to the clean cooking targets remains off-targets. Literature often focuses on barriers to the technology adoption and diffusion. There is lack of mechanisms to monitor the gas production and management, specifically at small scale use. This study combines smart biogas metering and remote monitoring of biodigester conditions to ascertain user-end dynamics for a family-sized biodigesters use. Daily biodigesters’ health is remotely monitored using IoT device. Biogas production, usage, leakage, and venting are used to study the role of technology biogas production and management and its contribution to clean cooking pathways, as well as Green House Gas (GHG) emissions mitigations. Findings indicate that the success of the technology is not only hindered by barriers reported in literature. Rather, user practices affect the biogas production and management. Results emphasise the need for developing mechanisms to enhance energy demand side management, irrespective of the primary resource, resource-to-energy conversion technology, and scale of use.
Assessing the building performance of a 35-year-old multi-story housing: Is it still relevant to the current climate?
Authors: Dewi O C , Rahmasari K , Salsabila N D , Ardini C P , Fitriatulamal H , Rendra A N , Sihombing I T B
Published: December 2024

Indonesia’s Ministry of Public Works and Housing initiated the Rumah Susun (Rusun) program to provide adequate housing for middle-to low-income families. The first Rusun, built in East Jakarta in 1989, pioneered multi-story housing in the country. For a residence to be habitable, it must meet health and comfort requirements, such as regarding lighting and ventilation. This study evaluates the 35-year-old Rusun’s building performance and human comfort in two adjacent units with opposite orientations to assess its compatibility with the current climate. Thermal and visual comfort data was gathered through direct measurements and occupant questionnaires. Results indicate that residents find the units rather uncomfortable nowadays, with warm thermal conditions and inadequate illumination. Given the rise in global temperatures over the decades, the field measurements confirmed that both units failed to meet Indonesian National Standards for lighting and ventilation. This study highlights the importance of improving building physics in future Rusun designs to enhance occupant health and comfort.
Like or dislike? Evaluating Jakarta’s green open space through digital perception: case study of Tebet Eco Park
Authors: Marisa A R , Putri F E , Rahmasari K , Salsabila N D , Dewi O C
Published: December 2024

Amidst the challenge of providing Green Open Space (GOS) due to urban area expansion, the existing GOS has not been utilized optimally. Hence, it raises the need to evaluate the type of GOS optimally used by the public. This study evaluates one of the popular GOS in Jakarta, Tebet Eco Park (TEP), by investigating the digital perception of YouTube users. This qualitative study used Nettlytic to scrape YouTube comments on the five most relevant videos related to TEP from 2022 to 2024 as samples to be analyzed. The study identifies key themes: like, dislike, neutral, questions, and criticisms from 462 relevant comments. Through those comments, this study revealed the public acceptance of TEP, which showed that most of them like the park. Greenery, atmosphere, and concept are the most appreciated features of the park. However, some features still need to be evaluated, such as the parking area, crowd control, plant maintenance, and spreading information about the park. This research provides evidence of the ability of online platforms as one of the GOS evaluation tools. It contributes to developing Jakarta s public space in the future by providing insight for further research and policy about GOS.
Regulation of the use of plastic bags: how the law acts to control pollution and environmental damage in Bangka Belitung
Authors: Permatasari B , Kusuma W , Situmorangl A A C
Published: December 2024

This research aims to analyze the legal formulation for regulating the use of plastic bags to control pollution and environmental damage in Bangka Belitung. The method used is empirical juridical research. The research results show that the Bangka Belitung Islands Province is the 4th province in Indonesia, whose rivers are polluted by microplastic waste. Regional governments can take mitigation at the provincial and district/city levels of the Bangka Belitung Islands to control pollution and environmental damage due to plastic bags by increasing community participation in using non-plastic bags and involving producers or business people responsible for governance. Plastic waste by applying the principle of internalization to every use of plastic bags. Furthermore, through the Waste Management Law, Indonesia has normalized the Polluter Pay Principle for plastic producers, but the Waste Management Law has not been effective in the field. Meanwhile, for formulating regulations on the use of plastic bags in Bangka Belitung, it is best to use regional or regional regulations. Currently, there are only two districts that have special rules regarding the use of plastic bags.
Implementation of the fuzzy mamdani method in analyzing the level of flood vulnerability in Pangkalpinang city
Authors: Jaya Y S , Pramudita L , Syahfitri D , Wahyuni S , Triandriana Y , Prayanti B D A
Published: December 2024

Development in large cities often has quite large impacts such as flooding. Limited information regarding floods has resulted delays in responding to natural flood disasters, including in Pangkalpinang. Therefore, this research aims to analyze predictions of flood vulnerability in Pangkalpinang using the Fuzzy Mamdani method. The Fuzzy Mamdani method is one of the methods in Fuzzy Logic that can be used in flood prediction systems and its most often utilized because in its application it has the simplest structure. Of course, in this case we also use a software system, namely Matlab software. In this research, the data used are data on population density, area altitude, and rainfall taken from BPS (Central Statistics Agency) website and Rain Hazard data taken from BNPB (National Disaster Management Agency) website. After conducting research, the MAPE was found to be 15.15906099%, which shows that the MAPE obtained is GOOD. So its concluded that the application of the Fuzzy Mamdani method can be used to determine the level of flood risk in Pangkalpinang.
Palm oil smallholders perception and awareness for good agricultural practices (GAP) in Riau
Authors: Retnaningsih U O , Jamaan A , Pahlawan I , Palamani S M , Alby S
Published: December 2024

Indonesia is the main palm oil producer in the world. It provides almost half of the total palm oil production in the world. Smallholder farmers owned 40 percent of 8.5 million hectares in 2012. Unfortunately, Indonesia suffers from many critics for environmental compliance. Sustainable management practices for palm oil production for soil fertility, nutrients, biodiversity, energy, social and human capital, pest management, and any other issues are still challenging for smallholder farmers. Perception and awareness of smallholder palm oil farmers in Riau for sustainable management practices will be elaborated. Knowledge and experiences for practicing sustainable management palm oil industry will be collected through observations and in-depth interview with 20 farmers from 2 different areas as well as Village Unit Cooperatives or Koperasi Unit Desa. Data from previous researches, official reports, news, and websites belong to palm oil institutions will be utilized to complement the study. Evidence showed smallholder farmers lack information of soil fertility, biodiversity, and pest management. Land clearing by burning was considered faster, cheaper, and more effective to reach non-acidic pH level so nutrients are available to the roots. Biodiversity was threatened by burning practices. High demand on palm oil drove them to convert traditional/local plants to palm oil even ignoring paludiculture since 62 percent of land in Riau are wetland. Organic fertilizers were utilized combining with mucuna bracteata (MB) to cover crops.
Effect of Mn doping on microstructure and photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via a hydrothermal method
Authors: Alali Hasna Abdullah , Tiss F , Omri K , Alamer Kawther , Alhashem Zakia H
Published: December 2024

Manganese-doped zinc oxide (Zn/Mn) nanostructures were synthesized via the hydrothermal method, varying the manganese content. The synthesized Zn/Mn nanostructures exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average crystallite size ranging from 19 to 33 nm, as determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Increasing Mn concentration induces a blue shift in the energy bandgap (Eg) of the Zn/Mn nanostructures, decreasing it from 3.26 to 3.15 eV. The photocatalytic performance of these nanostructures was evaluated by studying the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet light irradiation. The incorporation of Mn content systematically enhanced the photocatalytic activity of ZnO, with the highest (73%) was observed in Zn/Mn_4 nanostructures. Additionally, the degradation mechanism has been addressed.
NSE protein detection in a microfluidic channel integrated an electrochemical biosensor
Authors: Nhu Chi Tran , Do Quang Loc , Jen Chun-Ping , Duc Trinh Chu , Bui Tung Thanh , Vu Ngoc Trung
Published: December 2024

This study proposed a microfluidic chip for the detection and quantification of NSE proteins, aimed at developing a rapid point-of-care testing system for early lung cancer diagnosis. The proposed chip structure integrated an electrochemical biosensor within a straight PDMS microchannel, enabling a significant reduction in sample volume. Additionally, a method was developed to deposit silver and silver chloride layers onto the reference electrode. Following fabrication, the working electrode was modified to immobilize NSE antibodies on its surface, facilitating specific protein detection. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were utilized to investigate the alterations in surface impedance resulting from the specific binding of anti-NSE on the electrode surface across varying concentrations of NSE, ranging from 10 ng ml−1 to 1000 ng ml−1. The experimental results demonstrated a direct correlation between NSE concentration and surface impedance. Specifically, the charge transfer resistance exhibited an increase from 24.54 MΩ to 89.18 MΩ as the NSE concentration varied from 10 ng ml−1 to 1000 ng ml−1. Moreover, the concentration of NSE can be quantified by relating it to the charge transfer resistance, which follows a logarithmic equation. The limit of detection (LoD) of the chip was evaluated to be approximately 1.005 ng ml−1. The proposed chip lays a crucial foundation for developing a Lab-on-a-chip platform dedicated to diagnosing NSE testing and lung cancer.
Stimuli-responsive actuators in water environment: a review and future research agenda
Authors: Zhao Xin , Tang Gangqiang , Mei Dong , Zhao Chun , Li Lijie , Wang Yanjie
Published: December 2024

Flexible underwater vehicles with high maneuverability, high efficiency, high speed, and low disturbance have shown great application potential and research significance in underwater engineering, ocean exploration, scientific investigation and other fields. The research and development of flexible stimulus-responsive actuators is key to the development of high-performance underwater vehicles. At present, the main drive methods for underwater devices include electric drive, magnetic drive, light drive, thermal drive, and chemical drive. In this work, the research progress of stimuli-responsive actuators in water environment is reviewed from the stimuli-responsive patterns, functional design, fabrication methods, and applications in water environment. Firstly, the actuation principles and characteristics of electro-responsive, magnetic-responsive, photo-responsive, thermo-responsive actuators, and chemically responsive actuators are reviewed. Subsequently, several design requirements for the desired flexible actuators are introduced. After that, the common fabrication methods are summarized. The typical application of the stimuli-responsive actuator in the water environment is further discussed in combination with the multi-stimuli-responsive characteristics. Finally, the challenges faced by the application of stimuli-responsive actuators in the water environment are analyzed, and the corresponding viewpoints are presented. This review offers guidance for designing and preparing stimulus-responsive actuators and outlines directions for further development in fields such as ocean energy exploration and surface reconnaissance.
RLGS-YOLO: an improved algorithm for metro station passenger detection based on YOLOv8
Authors: Qin YaoDong , Li XianWang , He Deqiang , Zhou Yucun , Li Liangjie
Published: December 2024

Passenger detection is a key component of guaranteeing the safe operation of the subway. Nevertheless, the issue of varying target sizes across subway scenarios impedes passenger detection. Additionally, there is the issue of occlusion overlap between passengers. To resolve these concerns, an improved model based on YOLOv8n is proposed. It consists of Reduced Channel Spatial Object Attention (RCSOSA) module, Large Separable Kernel Attention (LSK) module, Group Shuffle Convolution (GSConv) convolution, and other modules such as Small Detect Head (S-detect), and named RLGS-YOLO. Designed to facilitate the deployment of a variety of platforms, S-detect lightweight detection head module minimizes the number of parameters and the amount of model computation. A re-parameterized structure based on Re-param Visual Geometry Group (RepVGG) is proposed to address the issue of mutual occlusion between passengers. This structure is achieved by integrating RCSOSA module, which substantially improves the information exchange between various channels. The dynamic sensory field module of LSK has been incorporated. It improved the issue of model misdetection by wholeheartedly incorporating the background information. The model’s sophistication is decreased by integrating GSConv lightweight convolution. The experimental findings indicate that in comparison to YOLOv8n. In the passenger data set of Nanning Metro Line 1, RLGS-YOLO indicates superior performance. The Mean Average Precision (mAP) improved by 2.2%. RLGS-YOLO, on the other hand, attains superior performance on the public dataset VOC2007. This contains a 1.1% increase in mAP, a 13.79% increase in Frames Per Second (FPS), and a 0.5 G Floating Point Operations (FLOP) reduction in computation. In comparison to other prominent detection models, RLGS-YOLO also exhibits superior performance. The improved RLGS-YOLO model provides a precise and efficient solution for passenger detection methods.
Incorporating edge convolution and correlative self-attention into graph neural network for material properties prediction
Authors: Yang Zexi , Yu Qi , Zhan Yapeng , Liu Jiying
Published: December 2024

The prediction of material properties is a crucial challenge in the design of new materials. Traditional methods based on either trial-and-error experiments or large-scale density functional theory calculations are known to possess various limitations. Although recent machine learning (ML) methods have shed light on resolving this problem efficiently, the majority of ML models consider only the local atomic environment while ignoring the nonlocal correlations between atoms. Indeed, even the periodic patterns of the crystal structures are not seriously considered. Consequently, these issues lead to an insufficient understanding of the feature information of atoms and bonds. In this study, we propose a crystal graph convolutional neural network based on edge convolution (EdgeConv) and correlative self-attention, namely, EdgeConv-Graph attention neural network (GANN). This network is able to efficiently extract atomic and bonding feature information, while effectively learning the importance weights of all neighbouring nodes. Numerical experiments predicting the electronic structural properties of metal–organic frameworks show that the developed model achieves state-of-the-art performance. Moreover, the proposed model was applied to predict the heat capacity and thermal decomposition temperature of material, demonstrating the ability of this method to effectively generalise multiscale prediction tasks.
Closed-form interpretation of neural network classifiers with symbolic gradients
Authors: Wetzel Sebastian J
Published: December 2024

I introduce a unified framework for finding a closed-form interpretation of any single neuron in an artificial neural network. Using this framework I demonstrate how to interpret neural network classifiers to reveal closed-form expressions of the concepts encoded in their decision boundaries. In contrast to neural network-based regression, for classification, it is in general impossible to express the neural network in the form of a symbolic equation even if the neural network itself bases its classification on a quantity that can be written as a closed-form equation. The interpretation framework is based on embedding trained neural networks into an equivalence class of functions that encode the same concept. I interpret these neural networks by finding an intersection between the equivalence class and human-readable equations defined by a symbolic search space. The approach is not limited to classifiers or full neural networks and can be applied to arbitrary neurons in hidden layers or latent spaces.
Accounting for transience in the baseline climate state changes the surface climate response attributed to stratospheric aerosol injection
Authors: Duffey Alistair , Irvine Peter J
Published: December 2024

Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is a proposed means of climate intervention that could halt global temperature rise, though it would imperfectly offset climate change. To estimate this imperfection, it is common to compare the simulated climate under SAI against that of a baseline state at the same global mean temperature without SAI. Here, we combine a recent set of SAI simulations (ARISE-SAI-1.5) in the earth system model UKESM1, with simulations of idealised abrupt and transient warming scenarios, to assess the impact of transient warming through this baseline state on surface climate changes attributed to SAI. We quantify the effect of temperature stabilisation as the expected change in surface climate between a climate state under warming and one in quasi-equilibrium at the same global mean temperature. We estimate that accounting for temperature stabilisation eliminates the land-sea warming ratio change attributed to SAI. However, relative to the hypothetical scenario with lower CO2 concentrations that would achieve a stabilised climate at the same temperature, SAI produces a 69% larger reduction in global precipitation. Accounting for stabilisation can also meaningfully change the spatial pattern of surface temperature response attributable to SAI. We repeat our analysis for the GeoMIP G6sulfur scenario, to show that effects qualitatively consistent with these findings are seen when comparing the SAI state against the faster and slower warming baselines of the SSP5-8.5 and SSP2-4.5 scenarios. The changes in climate state attributable to temperature stabilisation are generally small compared to changes due to warming since pre-industrial. However, these differences can be significant in the context of assessing residual changes under SAI because these residuals are themselves roughly an order of magnitude smaller than the effects of warming. Our findings have implications for the design and assessment of future SAI simulations, and for the attribution of changes in surface climate to SAI.
Drawing to the Screen
Authors: Panchekha Pavel , Harrelson Chris
Published: December 2024

A web browser doesn’t just download a web page; it also has to show that page to the user. In the twenty-first century, that means a graphical application. So in this chapter we’ll equip our browser with a graphical user interface.
Leveraging built marine structures to benefit and minimize impacts on natural habitats
Authors: Paxton Avery B , Runde Brendan J , Smith Carter S , Lester Sarah E , Vozzo Maria L , Saunders Megan I , Steward D'amy N , Lemoine Hayley R , Valdez Stephanie R , Gittman Rachel K , Narayan Siddharth , Allgeier Jacob , Morris Rebecca L , Nowacek Douglas P , Seaman William , Halpin Patrick N , Angelini Christine , Silliman Brian R
Published: December 2024

Many natural marine habitats are decreasing in extent despite global conservation and restoration efforts. In contrast, built marine structures, such as hardened shorelines, offshore energy and aquaculture infrastructure, and artificial reefs, are increasing in extent—and, in some locations, represent over 80% of nearshore, structured habitat. When introduced into the seascape, built marine structures inevitably interact with natural habitats, but these structures are not typically designed to support natural systems. This approach often results in overall harm to natural systems, further impeding marine conservation goals. However, there is growing recognition within the ocean management and engineering community that built marine structures can be strategically designed to minimize their negative impacts and potentially support ecosystems and associated biota. We synthesize the best available science and provide bright spot examples of how leveraging built marine structures to mimic or facilitate natural habitats can help recover biodiversity, augment ecosystem services, and rehabilitate degraded habitats, providing positive outcomes for people and nature in a changing climate. Despite these bright spots, we caution that built structures typically have overall negative environmental consequences for natural habitats and should not be used in lieu of conventional habitat restoration or conservation or to justify the destruction of natural habitats.
Integrative functional screen of genomic loci uncovers CCND2 and its genetic regulatory mechanism in colorectal cancer development
Authors: Li Bin , Wu Mei , Geng Hui , Li Yan , Chen Zhirui , Lu Zequn , Chen Xu , Wang Qiuhong , Song Shuxin , Li Xiangpan , Zhu Xu , Wei Yongchang , Zhu Ying , Miao Xiaoping , Tian Jianbo , Liu Jiuyang , Huang Chaoqun , Yang Xiaojun
Published: December 2024

Although genome-wide association studies have identified dozens of loci associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility, the causal genes or risk variants within these loci and their biological functions often remain elusive. Recently, the genomic locus 12p13.32, with the tag single-nucleotide polymorphism rs10774214, was identified as a crucial CRC risk locus in Asian populations. However, the functional mechanism of this region has not been fully elucidated. Here, we applied a high-throughput RNA interference approach in CRC cell lines to interrogate the function of genes in this genomic region. Multiple genes were found to affect cell functions, with CCND2 having the most significant effect as an oncogene. Moreover, overexpressed CCND2 could promote CRC cell proliferation. Subsequently, by integrating a fine-mapping analysis and multi-ancestry large-scale population cohorts consisting of 14 358 CRC cases and 34 251 healthy controls, we identified a regulatory variant rs4477507-T that contributed to an increased CRC risk in populations from China (odds ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval = 1.11–1.22, P = 4.45 × 10−10) and Europe (odds ratio = 1.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.12–1.21, P = 1.65 × 10−14). Functional characterization of the variant demonstrated that it could act as an allele-specific enhancer to distally facilitate the expression of CCND2 mediated by the transcription factor TEAD4. Overall, our study underscores the essential role of CCND2 in CRC development and delineates its regulatory mechanism mediated by rs4477507, establishing an epidemiological and biological link between genetic variation and CRC pathogenesis.
Global Space Governance of Remote Sensing and the Needs of Developing States
Authors: Mahmoudi S Hadi , Moradinasab Sima
Published: December 2024

Global space governance, having its unique features, refers to the complex of soft law and hard law rules, regulating the outer space activities, together with institutions involved in the space realm. Global space governance includes different space activities, including remote sensing. Remote sensing may play a vital role in the improvement of the socio-economic status of developing States. Given the inequality between developing States and developed ones on the one hand and due to the efforts made by the space law instruments to narrowing the gap between these two groups of States on the other hand, the approach of developing States to the role of remote sensing in the global space governance is to be taken into consideration. For this purpose, choosing the analytical research method, the main question is to what extent and how global space governance of remote sensing can serve the needs of developing States. In this respect, this article aims to mainly examine soft legal frameworks and mechanisms forming global space governance including the 2007 Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines and the 2018 Guidelines for the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities together with remote sensing trans-governmental networks.
Maritime Ambitions: China’s Emerging Great Power Identity and Its Strategies in BBNJ Agreement Negotiations
Authors: Xia Nan
Published: December 2024

This article examines China’s strategic maneuvers within the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) agreement negotiations, highlighting its role as an emerging great power in shaping international maritime law and governance. The BBNJ initiative, crucial for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, presents an arena where China’s diplomatic, strategic, and legal tactics converge to enhance its influence on the global stage. Through a detailed analysis of the negotiation phases and China’s interactions with other states, this study explores how China, while operating under its status as a developing country—a stance recognized globally—effectively wields its ascending power to shape negotiation outcomes that serve its strategic national interests. China’s approach in the BBNJ agreement discussions demonstrates a sophisticated integration of traditional values, strategic alliances, and selective engagement with international norms, ensuring that new legal frameworks do not undermine existing agreements or its maritime ambitions. This article sheds light on China’s influence in shaping the BBNJ agreement while offering insights into the broader implications of its strategies for other emerging powers in international environmental governance. Although advancing national interests is a common goal for all nations in multilateral negotiations, this article emphasizes the distinctive strategies China employs—integrating traditional values, forging strategic alliances, and adopting selective engagement—to effectively shape outcomes and safeguard its strategic objectives.
Analysis and modeling of rumor spreading in social networks using status transmission mechanisms
Authors: Duan Xuan , Sun PengFei , Ma Ning
Published: December 2024

Normally, there is no limit for information sharing in social networks and this leads to the rapid propagation of information regardless of their validity. This process has resulted in a significant negative impact on social interactions, because the propagation of fake information may lead to the spread of harmful rumors. Hence, the importance of analyzing the rules of rumor spreading in social platforms is understood as a hot issue by the research society. Most of the rumor spreading models have been developed based on classical epidemic transmission models such as SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Removed). However, these models cannot properly apply the importance of topology structure and user differences in rumor propagation. To address this problem, this paper develops the ILSHR (Ignorant–Lurker–Spreader–Hibernator–Removal) rumor spreading model, which is designed based on a state transition mechanism considering the nodes degree. The ILSHR model overcomes the coarse-grained problem in describing rumor propagation by considering the role of different users. We carried out many experiments on real social networks to prove the rationality of the ILSHR model. Numerical simulations show that the accuracy of our model has achieved improvements compared to existing works.
Prognostic impact of left- and right-atrial strain in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Stolz Lukas , Schmid Simon , Steffen Julius , Doldi Philipp M , Weckbach Ludwig T , Stocker Thomas J , Löw Kornelia , Fröhlich Carolin , Fischer Julius , Haum Magda , Theiss Hans D , Stark Konstantin , Rizas Konstantinos , Peterss Sven , Näbauer Michael , Hagl Christian , Massberg Steffen , Hausleiter Jörg , Deseive Simon
Published: December 2024

Aims

Data on the prognostic value of left- and right-atrial strain after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for severe aortic stenosis (AS) are limited. Aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of patients undergoing TAVR stratified by left- and right-atrial strain.

Methods and results

Using data from a high-volume academic centre, left- and right-atrial reservoir strain (LASr and RASr) was obtained in patients who underwent TAVR for severe AS from 2018 until 2021. Patients were stratified into groups with normal atrial function (LASr and RASr normal), uni-atrial strain impairment (LASr or RASr impaired), and bi-atrial strain impairment (LASr and RASr impaired). Endpoints were 3 year survival, symptomatic improvement as assessed by New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA class) as well as technical and device success defined by the Valve Academic Research Consortium composite endpoints. The study included 1888 patients at a mean age of 81.0 ± 7.8 years (44.3% women). Mean LASr and RASr were 16.5 ± 9.4% and 21.6 ± 12.4%, respectively. Optimized cut-offs for mortality prediction were 15.5% for LASr and 15.0% for RASr. LASr and RASr were normal in 751 patients (39.8%). Impairment of either right-atrium (RA) or left-atrium (LA) strain was observed in 633 patients (33.5%) and 504 patients (26.7%) presented with reduced LA and RA strain. While impairment of either LASr or RASr was associated with a 1.7-fold increased risk of 3 year all-cause mortality after adjustment for multiple confounders (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–2.5, P = 0.005), bi-atrial strain impairment exhibited an even higher 3 year mortality risk (Hazard ratio 2.5, 95% CI 1.7–3.6, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Pre-procedural assessment of atrial strain is associated with increased 3 year mortality and might facilitate outcome prediction and patient selection in patients undergoing TAVR for severe AS.