bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hikmah Peristiwa Isra' Mi'raj sebagai Model Pendidikan Karakter Islami bagi Generasi Z di Era Digital
Authors: Dalimunthe Amsal Qori
Published: February 2025

Islamic character education is an important element in forming a morally and spiritually strong Generation Z in the digital era. This article aims to analyze the application of wisdom values from the Isra' Mi'raj event in building Generation Z's Islamic character through digital media. The focus of the research includes three main values, namely solid faith, moral and spiritual values, and historical values, each of which has a foundation in the Qur'an and Islamic teachings. This research uses the literature study method by analyzing literature from national and international journals, books, and scientific articles. The data were analyzed interpretatively to identify the relevance of integrating Islamic values with digital technology in character education. The results showed that despite the challenges of low digital literacy among educators and exposure to negative content, great opportunities exist through the utilization of social media, interactive applications, and technologies such as augmented reality. The integration of traditional values and digital technology is an effective strategy to build Generation Z Islamic character that is relevant to the challenges of the times and still based on Islamic teachings.
Cubosomes as Advanced Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery
Authors: Valarmathi S  , Abarna S  , Dharshini J  , Vijai S
Published: February 2025

Cubosomes are nanostructured liquid crystalline particles that have emerged as promising drug delivery systems in pharmaceutical research. These self-assembled lipid-based systems possess a distinctive cubic crystalline structure with interconnected water channels, enabling the accommodation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic therapeutic agents. The structural organization, preparation methodologies, and physicochemical properties of cubosomes determine their effectiveness as drug carriers. Top-down and bottom-up approaches represent the primary preparation techniques, each offering unique advantages and limitations in cubosome formation. The remarkable features of cubosomes include high internal surface area, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, establishing them as excellent candidates for pharmaceutical applications. Their ability to enhance drug solubility, improve bioavailability, and provide controlled release characteristics has been demonstrated across oral, parenteral, and topical delivery routes. Applications in cancer therapy, antimicrobial treatments, and disease management have shown promising outcomes. However, challenges persist in large-scale production and maintaining long-term stability. Recent technological advances and emerging applications indicate significant potential for cubosome-based systems to enhance therapeutic strategies in modern medicine, particularly in targeted drug delivery and personalized treatment approaches.
In-vitro Anti-inflammatory Potential of Nelumbo nucifera Rhizomes
Authors: Archana Shantaram Gadakh  , Abhijeet Dattatraya Kulkarni
Published: February 2025

Nelumbo nucifera, commonly known as sacred lotus, is an aquatic plant with significant medicinal properties utilized in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine for centuries. This study investigated the in-vitro anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of N. nucifera rhizomes through protein denaturation inhibition and red blood cell membrane stabilization assays. The rhizomes were collected, authenticated, and extracted using both aqueous and 80% hydroalcoholic solvents through Soxhlet extraction. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds including alkaloids, glycosides, triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids in the hydroalcoholic extract, while the aqueous extract contained flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids. Both extracts demonstrated concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory activity across the tested concentrations (100, 200, and 500 µg/mL). At 500 µg/mL, the hydroalcoholic extract showed maximum protein denaturation inhibition of 54.18%, while the aqueous extract exhibited 49.50% inhibition. In the membrane stabilization assay, the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts at 500 µg/mL demonstrated significant protection against red blood cell hemolysis, showing 78.32% and 70.46% protection, respectively, compared to 84.12% protection by the standard drug aspirin at 200 µg/mL. The results suggest that N. nucifera rhizome extracts possess promising anti-inflammatory properties, potentially attributed to their ability to stabilize cell membranes and prevent protein denaturation.
Transformative Impact of Artificial Machine Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Research and Development
Authors: Vinothini KV  , Nithyasri Pandi  , Abishek Murugan  , Habi Bulla A  , Suruthi TV
Published: February 2025

Artificial Machine Intelligence (AMI) has emerged as a revolutionary force in pharmaceutical research and development, fundamentally transforming traditional approaches to drug discovery, formulation science, and therapeutic applications. The integration of AMI in pharmaceutical processes has significantly enhanced data processing efficiency and predictive accuracy in drug efficacy assessment and disease progression monitoring. Advanced computational capabilities accelerate the identification of potential therapeutic candidates through sophisticated molecular modeling and structure-activity relationship analyses. The technology has demonstrated particular promise in formulation science, optimizing drug delivery systems and improving stability predictions. In oncology, AMI has revolutionized diagnostic accuracy and treatment personalization through enhanced imaging analysis and molecular profiling. Significant advancements have been made in vaccine development, where AMI expedites antigen selection and immunological response prediction. Despite these developments, the pharmaceutical sector faces challenges in AMI implementation, including ethical considerations, data privacy concerns, and regulatory compliance requirements. The technology has opened new frontiers in addressing rare diseases, enabling real-time patient monitoring, and developing adaptive treatment protocols. As AMI continues to evolve, strategic implementation and ethical considerations remain crucial in maximizing its potential for healthcare innovation. The convergence of human expertise with machine cognitive capabilities is reshaping global healthcare delivery systems, promising more efficient, personalized, and effective therapeutic solutions for diverse medical challenges.
A Case Report of Drug-Induced Exfoliative Erythroderma
Authors: Jerusha Gold Yadla  , Ravi Prakash Degala
Published: February 2025

Exfoliative erythroderma is a severe cutaneous reaction characterized by widespread erythema and scaling affecting more than 90% of the body surface area. This case report describes a 46-year-old patient who developed generalized itchy, raised scaly lesions and lower limb edema following concurrent administration of itraconazole and prednisone for fungal infection and rheumatoid arthritis, respectively. The patient presented with erythematous, pruritic, and maculopapular lesions, accompanied by generalized pitting edema predominantly affecting the lower extremities. Initial assessment revealed stable vital signs without systemic involvement, while detailed skin examination showed characteristic scaling and erythema. Comprehensive laboratory investigations, including complete blood count, renal and hepatic function tests, were conducted to evaluate the extent of involvement. Discontinuation of both itraconazole and prednisone was implemented as the primary intervention, followed by supportive management with antihistamines and topical corticosteroids. The patient showed significant improvement within weeks of drug discontinuation, with complete resolution of cutaneous manifestations and edema. This case highlights the importance of recognizing drug-induced exfoliative erythroderma as a potential adverse reaction to commonly prescribed medications and emphasizes the need for prompt identification and management to prevent complications
Short Courses as Pathways to Enhancing Diversity, Inclusion and Equity in Training and Education: A Case Study of Thika Technical Training Institute
Authors: Gacheru Pauline Wanjiku , Wahungu Daniel Kirogo
Published: February 2025

The study set out to assess the impact of new flexible short courses introduced in Thika Technical Training Institute by the Flexible Skills Development (FSD) which are tailored to meet the needs of the local labour market. The guiding philosophy responds to the reality of an ever expanding informal sector and shrinking wage employment opportunities, large numbers of youth who are locked out of the formal skills training system and the limited as well as expensive training opportunities. This demonstrates the need for a system that establishes inclusion of those traditionally locked out of the system, equity through a diversity of courses and a flexible approach. In this regard, therefore, the Commonwealth of Learning (COL) FSD is designed to strengthen capacity in technical and vocational training institutions to adopt flexible delivery approaches and reach more learners. This is in line with the third goal of UNESCO Education For All (EFA) enunciated as; Ensuring that the learning needs of all young people and adults are met through objectives, equitable access to appropriate learning and life skills programs. The study utilized exploratory studies using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection instruments entailed questionnaires, interview schedule, observation schedule and content analysis. The study found out that short courses have among others lead to attitudinal change, boosted the self-confidence of target group, inculcated basic skills and competences, created employment opportunities and boosted earnings.
Analysis of Infrastructural Support and Trainer Attributes in TVET Institutions in Kenya
Authors: Orangi Ann Kwamboka , Wandaka Isabella W , Ngige Lucy W
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to analyze infrastructural support and trainer attributes in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions in Kenya. TVET is acknowledged as a means of transforming and empowering the youth with skills, knowledge and attitudes to enable them become productive members of the society. The study sought: to establish the qualification of staff, determine training needs of staff, and to establish the status of equipment and physical facilities used for training in selected TVET institutions offering clothing and textile courses. Descriptive survey design was used for the study. The samples included 8 technical institutes and 10 institutes of technology in Kenya offering courses in clothing and textile examined by Kenya National Examination Council. A total of 452 respondents consisting of 250 second year students taking a diploma course in clothing and textile participated in the study. Data was presented in the form of frequency tables, bar graphs, and pie charts. The results showed that the academic staff members were academically qualified; however, there was need for them to upgrade their technical skills. The study also found that there was need for further training for the academic staff in the institutions. On the status of equipment and physical facilities, 172 (86%) of the respondents indicated that the facilities were inadequate. It was recommended that the government should provide additional learning and training equipment to replace the outdated ones. Teachers should also upgrade their skills through further training.
Digital Migration: E-Learning and Primary School Teacher Nightmare in Kenya
Authors: Tanui Edward Kiptabut , Wanjira Lucy Ndegwa
Published: February 2025

Education is a fundamental right for all children. Cognitive, affective and psychomotor skill acquisition in learners has to be achieved at all costs. Conventional methods have been used in classes since time immemorial but with partial success. E-learning is a new orientation that is reported to have great potential to improve teaching and learning in primary and secondary schools. The pedagogic rationale for the implementation of ICT in learning in schools is something that needs to be hastened for the 21st century teacher. Provision of laptops to the more than 20,000 primary schools in Kenya was a step towards digital migration in education from analogue system of teaching and learning to digital approach. How the teacher interacts with electronic media is of paramount importance. The need for teachers to migrate from analogue to digital e-learning here referred to as digital migration in education is a challenge that needs to be explained. Descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The population for the study included, teachers and pupils. The study used questionnaires and informal interviews to collect data. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics. The study found that teachers face a dilemma on which way to go as regards adopting e-learning. Their dilemma is compounded by factors beyond them. Politics and economics become bigger players. One is saying yes and the other says no, scarce resources are the problem. Provision of resources to be used is external to the teacher especially the primary school teacher. The laptop project is a step towards digital migration but the dilemma is how, when and with what to use to migrate. There is need to find ways to overcome the dilemma which brings is a nightmare to the teachers whether migration will mean early retirement or redundancy. The study recommends the conversion of the soul of the teachers both material and spiritually so that the digital migration can take place smoothly.
Use of Quality Management Systems to Improve Instructional Management Practices in Tertiary Educational Institutions in Kenya
Authors: Too Charles , Chumba Sammy
Published: February 2025

Since inception of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Quality Management Systems (QMS), there has been a more prevailing effort by institutions of higher learning to document their procedures on the basis of ISO 9001:2008. This study assessed the status of ISO 9001:2008 QMS implementation among certified public Technical, Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions in Kenya. It also sought to establish the relationship between implementation of Quality Management Systems (QMS) and improvement in instructional management practices. The study set out two (2) null hypotheses to guide it. Quantitative research design was adopted for this study. Similarly, ISO 9001:2008 quality management principles offered theoretical guidance. At a confidence interval of 95%, an online sample size calculator was used to arrive at two hundred and seventy four (274) respondents out of nine hundred and forty five target (945) population. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique and an online list randomizer were used to select respondents in the selected TVETs to participate in the study. Hierarchical cluster analysis, independent samples t-test (ANOVA), and regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses in this study based on empirical data obtained gathered using a survey questionnaire of forty nine (49) questions from eleven (11) ISO 9001:2008 certified public institutions. Based on the agglomeration coefficient change, Tukey post-hoc test, and coefficient of determination (R2), the two null hypotheses (H01 & H02) were rejected at p<0.05. Regression analysis showed that there is statistically significant relationship between implementation of ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management Systems and improvement in instructional management practices among TVET institutions at p<0.05. The study recommends that all ISO certified TVET institutions should emphasis continued conformity to all the quality management standards in order to register improvements in pedagogy and instructional management practices.
Relationship between Social Demographic Characteristics and Prevalence of Internalized Stigma among HIV Positive Students in Higher Institutions of Learning in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Authors: Moindi Margaret Kaburi , Kisilu Kitainge
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the paper was to establish prevalence of internalized stigma among students living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The study assessed the current prevalence of levels of internalized stigma among students living with HIV in institutions of higher learning, the association of social demographic characteristics, health status, social supports, status disclosure and ARV adherence with internalizing stigma among HIV positive students. The study is informed by the PEN3 Model. Mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was adopted. The study target population was 33 HIV positive students drawn from higher learning institutions in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. A census survey was used. Data of HIV positive students was obtained from counselor officers. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and frequencies. In addition, Pearson Correlation was used to test the hypotheses. Findings showed that there is high level of internalized stigma among HIV students in these institutions. Correlation results showed that parents’ occupation, age, parents level of education, health status, social supports and ARV adherence were significantly correlated with internalizing stigma in HIV positive students. However, adherences to ARV and social support were negatively correlated with internalized stigma. Based on the study findings, collaborative efforts and policies are necessary to enhance effective interventions aimed at reducing internalized stigma in learning institutions, and for directing government and school-based policies and practices towards improving students with HIV right to education, empowerment and support.
Gender Mainstreaming in TVET Institutions in Kenya
Authors: Omukhulu Dorcas Mulongo , Ogbanicael Lettedenghil , Kimamo Githui
Published: February 2025

A country’s most important resource is the skills of its people. To achieve equity and equality in skills development gender mainstreaming was identified by the Kenyan government. In 2007, the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST) developed Gender in Education policy. There was need to evaluate the implementation process to find out: the extent of gender policy implementation process, and the perception of lecturers towards gender mainstreaming, the findings were meant to inform education stakeholders on progress of implementation. The study was based on the Management Evaluation Model and on Liberal Feminist Theoretical framework. It adopted a mixed method research design and 276 respondents were sampled from ten selected Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions. Probability and non-probability sampling was used to select the 276 respondents. Data was collected through three types of instruments namely questionnaires, interview guide and document analysis guide. Piloting was done to enhance validity and determine reliability of instruments. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, and qualitative data organized into themes and patterns pertinent to the study. It was established that: the gender policy was being implemented in sampled TVET institutions, and the perception of lecturers was positive. It was also established that the implementation process faced challenges. The study concluded that the mean Gender Parity Index (GPI) for the sampled institutions had moved further from one (1) to 0.804 and, lecturers had positive perception towards gender mainstreaming. However, there were some cultural issues hindering gender mainstreaming in TVET institutions, which led to the following recommendations: MoEST and TVET institutions to put in place mechanisms for effective implementation, Cultural inhibitions to be addressed, and Government to set up structures for full implementation of gender policy.
Factors Influencing Motivation of Part-time TVET Lecturers from Industries in Mombasa
Authors: Miano Kihu Peter , Jenze Bozo , Odongo Wandago Benson , Mutua Mwangi Ayub , Mutitu Kiruga
Published: February 2025

Part-time lecturers play an important and increasingly indispensable role in TVET institutions. Many such trainers are practitioners in industry and bring with them experience, skills and practical knowledge that expose and prepare learners to realities of industry. Despite this, many TVET institutions continue to manage the visiting faculty in an ad hoc manner. The objectives of the study were to investigate factors that influence motivation of TVET part time trainers and by extension their performance; drivers, and environment under which they operate in. Data was collected from 50 respondents from two TVET institutions in Mombasa. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires, and face to face interviews with heads of departments from Technical University of Mombasa (TUM) and Mombasa Technical Training Institute (MTTI) in Mombasa, Kenya. The study found that minimal involvement, poor communication, remuneration delays and lack of equipment were some of the factors that affected their motivation. The study recommended an attitude change amongst Technical Institutes (TI) managers, involvement in decision-making, and organization of special forums to bring together all faculty members for better collaboration.
The Influence of Green Human Resources Management Practices on Greening TVET
Authors: Manase Gerishom Wafula , Omondi Marren
Published: February 2025

Green management has never been this important in the past as is now seen in the inspired, empowered and green aware employees. Greening TVET requires the cooperation of the top skilled management employees along with programmes that have a great significant on the management. The need for the integration of greening into TVET personnel cannot be over emphasized. The paper wanted to establish the how Green Human Resources Management if Practiced can affect greening in Shamberere Technical Training Institute (STTI). Green personnel theories and models were used to show the importance of green personnel concerns that will impact on greening and to understand the unique features of personnel managers, decisions and behaviours which are central to green personnel. The study specifically looked at the effects of selected Green Human Resources Management Practices and how they influence the overall greening TVET institutions. The study employed a descriptive research design specifically for a case study of STTI . The target population was 100 employees of STTI from which a census of 100 employees was used. The data was gathered using a questionnaire as the research instrument, and descriptive and inferential analysis was used to analyze data. This was presented using frequency distribution tables and figures. The respondents indicated that job application at STTI was not in any way based on green issues (mean 2.31, disagreed 52.5%). Greening was not adequately included in performance management and appraisal systems (mean 3.31). There were advantages of adhering to a performance management system in green/greening goals (mean 3.93). The institute empowers and encourages the employees to make suggestions and contributions on environmental improvement (46.3%). Many respondents were aware of Greening and National Environmental Management Authority policies and regulations compared to Green Personnel. Given the limited number of responds, further research is necessary to verify the results. To develop staff for greening and management, widespread use of environmental training, developing greening based knowledge and developing greening managers and future leaders should be applied in the TVET system.
The Risk to Achieving Sustainable Development Competencies
Authors: Odondi Walter , Maina Lucy , Muhia Nelson
Published: February 2025

Education is pivotal to personal and national development. As per SDG 4, educating males and females positively improves their economic status, and expands future opportunities and choices. These benefits include increased earnings, reduced engagement in crime, delayed marriages for girls and improved life outcomes. In Kenya, access to TVET is gradually increasing, but with persistent gender disparities. The gaps are felt in access, as well as in the competences possessed by male and female students. This paper presents findings of a national study that investigated the production of skills and competences of youth through Kenya's TVET system. The study used the whole youth development lens to examine the extent to which youth in TVET training exhibit technical, academic, cognitive and life skills, as well as values. A total of 182 TVET institutions in 9 counties participated, at all three levels of national polytechnics, technical training institutes and vocational training centres, both public and private. Results revealed stark gender disparities in access, especially in enrolment to given courses and study areas. At the same time, gender gaps are evident in the skills and competencies that the youth accumulate through training, especially in functional literacy, numeracy and digital literacy, almost always in favor of males. The inequalities vary across social-economic backgrounds and student ages, as well as parenting status, especially among female students. This paper concludes that engendering recruitment efforts is necessary in the TVET rebranding efforts, and that training methods, timing and duration require adaptation, if both male and female students are to acquire the expected sustainable development competencies. This paper recommended that the Ministry of Education should embark on various strategies including policy development, provision of scholarships to the females in order to ensure gender parity in TVET. There should be a review of the pedagogical method of training from a male-centric approach to a more inclusive and a more gender-sensitive one. The study also suggests encouraging and nurturing the female gender at a tender age to embrace the importance of TVET as a pathway to sustainable development.
Sustainable Partnership in Action Research: The Role of Mentorship in the World of Work
Authors: Nabaggala Justine
Published: February 2025

At Kyambogo University, graduate students are engaged in participatory action research that considers mentoring as an inspiring professional activity towards effective knowledge development and sharing. Mentorship empowers students with skills to solve real workplace challenges through action research; thus achieving a sense of collective responsibility with participants. This paper presents findings from a study conducted on mentorship during Future Workshop (FW) activities in participatory action research under the Master of Vocational Pedagogy Programme, in the Faculty of Vocational Studies, Kyambogo University. The study was premised on a theoretical concept of learning by doing that guaranteed mentors, graduate students and study participants full participation towards the development of professional competences in research problem identification. The core issue was to establish whether mentorship in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) contributed to sustainable partnerships between the academia and the world of work. A Participatory Action Research Model was used to carry out this study using qualitative methods of data collection and analysis. Data was collected from ten (10) academic staff who participated in the mentorship field work exercises on graduate students conducting research in the world of work. Observation and active participation methods were used to provide descriptive data for content analysis. The article presents experiences encountered by mentors in understanding students' situation analyses or work process analyses in establishing core workplace challenges; problem development through a democratic process; the research environment and the relationship between the researcher, participants and the mentor from the academic institution. In conclusion, it was revealed that mentorship during future workshop activities in TVET research contributed to professional competence development and change management processes. Further, competency-based training cannot be effective without a collaborative initiative with the World of Work in ensuring realistic outcomes in TVET. As a recommendation, efforts need to be made in ensuring that there is maintained stakeholders' engagement throughout the research processes by both the academic mentors and student researchers
The Effectiveness of Non Formal TVET Programs in Developing Social Skills Competencies among the Vulnerable Youth in Nakuru County-Kenya
Authors: Kamau Peninah W. , Odero-Wanga Dolphine , Munyua Catherine Ng'endo
Published: February 2025

Most developing countries are in the process of strategizing TVET programs upon realizing their importance in supporting the socio-economic development of a nation. Recognizing that technical and vocational skills are crucial in enhancing competitiveness and contribution towards social inclusion, decent employment, and poverty reduction has been a strong incentive for TVET reforms. Kenya like most of the developing countries is working towards improving access the quality level of skills for majority of the youth. It is therefore important to explore on the most effective instructional methods to develop specific competencies while training the vulnerable youth. National youth policy in 2007 envisioned a society where the youth between the ages 18 to 3 5 years have equal opportunities to realize their full potential and participate in self and national development. To enable the youth achieve this national mandate, non-formal training programs play a crucial role in supporting the governments' efforts to address youth unemployment especially the vulnerable youth. This paper discusses results of an action research that studied the effectiveness of interactive learning methods for vocational skills in enhancing social skills among the vulnerable youth in Nakuru County. Training on selected vocational skills was conducted to 60 members from vulnerable youth groups. Interviews and observation check list were used to assess the level of social skills among the trainees before and after the training. Qualitative data obtained was coded, analyzed and presented in frequency tables, while quantitative data was analyzed using Pearson chi square test for association. The findings revealed that there was a significant association between the training methods used and the acquisition of ability to communicate and listening skills, team building, time and resource management as well as ability to develop practical solutions to solve specific problems. However the methods used did not enhance self-concept and self-confidence among the trainees. The findings are important to community and technical trainers who would wish to enhance social skills among their learners. Further investigation into the most appropriate methods to enhance other skills among the vulnerable youth was recommended.
The Effect of Saving Culture on the Financial Performance of Savings and Credit CoÂ­operatives in the Banking Sector in Kenya
Authors: Kiaritha Hannah
Published: February 2025

Saving is an important factor in economic development as it enables the conversion of resources into capital which is in tum invested to enhance the growth of organizations, individuals and the country at large. Co-operatives provide an important framework for mobilization of capital resources. The tendency to save is closely associated to culture. This study sought to establish the influence of saving culture on the financial performance of savings and credit co-operatives (SACCOs) in the banking sector in Kenya. This study adopted a descriptive and quantitative research design. The target population was co-operatives in the banking sector in Kenya. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling was used to obtain the sample items. A Likert scale questionnaire was used to gather primary information and a secondary data collection sheet was used in gathering secondary information regarding co-operatives performance. Information was sorted, coded and input into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 for production of graphs, tables, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results indicated that there was a positive relationship between saving culture and the financial performance of SACCOs in the banking sector in Kenya, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.636, coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.405 and with atÂ­ value of 0.000. The study concluded that, saving culture is statistically significant in explaining the financial performance of SACCOs in the banking sector in Kenya. The study recommends that SACCOs should offer incentive and also conduct member education so as to encourage member savings hence improve their financial performance and in tum stir up economic growth and eradicate poverty.
The Artist Proof Studio as a Model for Training and Developing Africa's Future Engineers, Technicians and Artisans
Authors: Gordon Mark L
Published: February 2025

Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Africa in general have high rates of youth unemployment and even underemployment. Many of our governments, administrations and private corporations are perplexed and often run out of options with regards to providing training and up-skilling opportunities to the youth in general. This paper looks at the Artist Proof Studio (APS), an inventive and entrepreneurial print-making company, based in Johannesburg, South Africa. The APS provides learning opportunities for future artists and those in allied fields, through workplace training and experiential learning. They also provide for private patron and corporate partnerships through a series of seminars which are run weekly to equip students and associates with the necessary skills and knowledge in areas including law, business and communications was envisaged to enhance and increase student understanding of future professional practice. Using the business model employed by the APS, the author proposes a similar business model for the development and training of future engineers, technicians and artisans that may be applied across the continent, considering the general conditions that may include under-employment, unemployment and poverty. The paper attempts to address critical issues such as funding for the training and up-skilling of such engineering personnel using the APS business model as a basis for innovation and entrepreneurship in the sector. Purposeful sampling was used to select a small group of individuals (students and administrators) that participated in the survey that highlights the workings of the APS business model. The survey entailed a brief questionnaire answered, telephonically and virtually. It is hoped that aspects of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the business operating model and the individuals affected may shed light on business processes and methods that could be applied elsewhere on the continent. The author has no affiliation to APS whether financially or otherwise, but does admire their pragmatic approach to developing young artists while promoting commercialization of art production on the continent, even under conditions of low economic growth and limited resources.
The Effect of Community Empowerment on Human Development in Vihiga County, Kenya
Authors: Kapchanga Martin N , Njenga, Peter M
Published: February 2025

Community empowerment is a very crucial element for the development of lower levels of society. Its benefits cannot be underestimated in socio-economic and political development hence the need for its investment in its potential. There has been a neglect in women empowerment and capacity building at community levels. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the effects of community empowerment funds on human development in Vihiga County of Kenya. It also focuses on the role of capacity building and women networking in the community as a means of development. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and stratified sampling technique to select a sample size of 384 women respondents from a study target of 12,000 members of microfinance institutions in Vihiga County. The study was anchored in the theory of empowerment. The study adopted with multivariate regression model to analyze study findings. The study established that through the community empowerment fund, schools were easily accessible for all children (60.2%), hospitals were affordable and easily accessible (67.2%), infrastructural development such as roads had generally improved (39.1%) and community projects had been brought to completion with ease. Concerning capacity building, 52.3% of the women found out that it contributed to development socially and economically while women networking emerged as a critical parameter for women empowerment in gaining access to loans/funds and access to relevant information needed for initiating and operating community development. Similarly, the community empowerment fund has played a role in education, initiating new projects, and financing existing projects for the welfare of the community. The study concludes that empowerment fund, community-based groups like networking are very important elements of supporting the developmental initiative in the society since it has changed the perception of peoples on development in Vihiga County of Kenya. The study further recommended that funds should be made available at affordable interest rates so as to invest in projects that improves human well-being such as learning institutions at technical and vocational training institutions and other projects that promotes human development. The study is significant to government agencies, non-governmental organizations and well-wishers who have interest in the well-being of the people.
Training Opportunities and Youth Participation in Development Agenda in Kenya
Authors: Barasa Musabi Antony
Published: February 2025

Youth participation in county development projects continues to worsen, even though they form the majority of the population. The reasons as to why youth have been reluctant to be engaged in development agenda and are pushed to periphery of decision making despite their massive numbers has escalated debate among scholars and researchers on what determines youth participation in development projects. The study examined the influence of training opportunities on young people participation in county development agenda with the particular focus on the rationale for their participation behaviors. The target population was 2000 youths with sample size 333. Explanatory survey research design was used to show cause effect relationship between training opportunities and youth participation. Structured questionnaires were used and researcher tested validity of instruments by discussing them with experts. Reliability was tested using cronbach alpha for consistency of data. Test / retest technique was done during pilot testing to test reliability of research instruments. SPSS was used for data analysis, presentation done using tables for easier communication of findings. The study findings revealed a positive high correlation between training opportunities and youth participation in Development projects (R= 0.79). This further showed that training opportunities positively influenced youth participation in development projects in Kakamega County. In conclusion, training increased youth participation in development agenda in Kakamega County. From the study results, it was recommended that government formulates policy measures and programs that champion creation of training opportunities for youth so as to involve them in development projects. This study will mitigate existing different and conflicting opinions on the training opportunities and youth participation in development.
Community Participation Model for the Re-Electrification of Railways in South Africa and its possible impact on Youth Unemployment
Authors: Gordon Mark L
Published: February 2025

This paper looks at Community Participation (CP) in large infrastructure projects particularly in South Africa directed at the South African rail network. In recent years there has been increased theft of railway infrastructure including the rail track equipment and overhead equipment. This paper firstly looks at the definition of the term CP and its importa nce especially when considering the current trends of youth unemployment, inequality and poverty in the region. Secondly the paper looks at the possible reasons for the theft of the rail infrastructure and possible areas of community involvement. Thirdly the paper looks at possible ways in which unemployed artisans, technicians and engineers could be involved in the re-electrification of the network which is defunct in some regions of the country. The author also considered the reasons why community members would participate in activities related crime, vandalism and destruction when they would possibly need to be transported by the same rail network at relatively cheaper costs (as opposed to minibus taxis and public busses) and added convenience. The general public is also aware of the movement of supplies (foods and products) and commodities which are transported by freight rail and form an integral part of the national rail network. The paper also looks at the brief history of community participation in general with some references within the country and from the USA and then looks at approaches used in India where CP in the rail network is encouraged. Focus is then directed towards possible CP implementation in the South Africa rail network. Later, a pragmatic model of CP is proposed for the re-electrification of the South African rail network, hoping that such a model could be used to impact youth unemployment with regards artisans, technicians and engineers who are currently in need of practical work experience and related job opportunities. Finally, recommendations are proposed to extend the scope of CP with a view to include some planning and design aspects of projects that with the help of the higher education and TVET sector could possibly reduce the negative impacts of youth unemployment.
Feed Intake and Feed Conversion Efficiency of Growing SEAG Fed on Mature Green Pods of Acacia brevispica, A. mellifera and A. tortilis Processed Differently as Supplements
Authors: Mutai P Arap , Ronoh S , Nandwa A
Published: February 2025

Kenya has about 52 species of acacia which possess tannins. Little effort has been made to process the acacia species pods to add value to their nutritional potential. It is in this aspect that the study intended to assess the Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE)of growing Small East Africa Goats fed on mature green pods of Acacia brevispi ca, melliferaand tortilis processed differently as supplements in Emining ward within Mogotio SubCounty in Baringo County, Kenya A total of 20 bucks 4-5 months old weighing 12kg ± 1.05 were purchased. They were blocked according to their live weights and randomly allocated tofive treatments in a Randomized Complete Block design. Deworming was done prior to datacollection. The five treatments were; T1 (fresh mature green pods of Acacia sp. untreated), T2 (green Acacia sp. pods - shade dried for 48 hours), T3 (green pods of Acacia sp sun dried for48 hours), T4 (green pods of Acacia sp. soaked in wood ash mixed with water for 48 hours, and T5 (negative control-basal diet of Rhodes grass Hay-Chloris gayana mixed with wheat brand (3:1)). All the bucks in all the treatments were fed on the same basal diet of 400 grams. FI was recorded daily and Average Weight Gain taken fortnightly for a period of threemonths. Data obtained was fed to Stratigraphic Centurion XVII and subjected to Analysis of Variance. A. tortilis pods processed differently was taken in large amounts when processed in alkaline (416.50 ± 6.50 gm, p < 0.05). Initial weight of the SEAG did not differ prior to feeding (p > 0.05). For control, Shade dried, Sun dried and Alkali treatment, A. tortilis ponds resulted in the highest weight (p < 0.05). Bucks fed on Acacia tortilis-alkali-treated pods resulted in the best average daily gain (p < 0.05). The highest FCE was recorded in Acacia tortilis treated in alkali (p < 0.05), which had the lowest FCR. In conclusion, based on the results of the current study, Acacia tortilis showed the overall best performance in most of the parameters tested. To reduce the harmful effects of tannins in tanniniferous forages, the alkali technique of tannin reduction in acacia species pods should be used.
Reinforcing University Entrepreneurship Education Programme for Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria
Authors: Ademiluyi Lawrence
Published: February 2025

The dearth of paid employment has forced governments in Africa to prioritize the promotion of entrepreneurship engagement by citizens. One strategy employed by the Nigerian federal government was to make entrepreneurship education compulsory for all tertiary institution students. The policy has been in place for well over a decade; however the extent of its effectiveness is very much in question, with researches turning in mixed results and many unemployed graduates unwilling or unable to effectively engage in entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study was to examine students' perception on prospects, challenges and strategies for reinforcing university entrepreneurship education programme for poverty alleviation in Nigeria. The study was carried out in Kwara State University, Malete and Tai Solarin University of Education Ijagun, both in southwestern Nigeria. To achieve the study purpose, descriptive survey research design was adopted. Three research questions guided the study. The population consisted of all full-time undergraduate students of business educati on in the two universities. A census of all 202 students was conducted. A four-point rating scale questionnaire was used to collect data from the subjects. The instrument was validated by experts in the two universities. The reliability test, conducted with test-retest method, yielded a reliability quotient of 0.77 which was considered adequate. Frequency counts and percentage were used to analyze the demographic data while mean and standard deviation were employed to answer the research questions. Research findings showed that many respondents agreed that Entrepreneurship Education has great potentials as an instrument of poverty alleviation and sustainable development. The challenges inhibiting the optimization the benefits of entrepreneurship education in Nigeria included poor funding, and inadequate government support for budding entrepreneurs, among other factors. The findings also showed that entrepreneurship can be strengthened for poverty alleviation through effective programme planning, supervision and evaluation. The researcher recommended that government and other relevant agencies should provide incentives and support to university graduates in their entrepreneurship endeavours.