bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Response of Juvenile Chinook Salmon to Surgical Implantation of Micro‐acoustic Transmitters
Authors: Singer Gabriel P. , Hansen Matthew J. , Ho Kristina V. , Lee Katie W. , Cocherell Dennis E. , Peter Klimley A. , Rypel Andrew L. , Fangue Nann A.
Published: January 2019

Acoustic telemetry, a commonly used tool for examining movements and survival of aquatic species, is often applied without a comprehensive understanding of transmitter implantation effects. This can be problematic when the goal of the study is to use telemetry results to make inferences regarding broader populations. Here, we examined juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha at varying time intervals after transmitter implantation to assess the behavioral implications of tagging. The following behavioral metrics in response to a novel environment were compared across treatment and control groups: time to emergence from shelter into the open portion of the test arena, rheotactic response, total activity, and rates of exploration. Tagged fish (114–132 mm FL) were tested at 0, 1, or 4 d postsurgery (day‐0, day‐1, and day‐4 groups, respectively), and their behavior was compared to that of similarly handled control fish. Emergence from refuge was the only metric that differed significantly between treatment and control groups. Fish tested on the same day as the surgery were less likely to emerge from the refuge, with only 46% of the day‐0 tagged fish emerging compared to 88, 93, and 80% of the day‐1, day‐4, and control groups, respectively. However, day‐0 fish that did emerge from the refuge had rheotactic responses, total activity, and exploration rates similar to those of fish from the other treatment and control groups. This study may have fisheries research and management implications, especially for telemetry studies and monitoring efforts. We encourage researchers using this technology to consider (1) observing a post‐transmitter‐implantation recovery period of at least 24 h prior to release, adjusting study plans and logistics accordingly; (2) applying sufficient scientific rigor to emerging tagging technology prior to wide‐scale adoption; and (3) when possible, conducting concurrent battery life and tag effects studies with any field release of tagged fishes, as differing relationships between fish size, tag size, and tagging techniques may yield variable results.
Construction of Finsler‐Lyapunov functions with meshless collocation
Authors: Giesl Peter
Published: January 2019

We study the stability of invariant sets such as equilibria or periodic orbits of a Dynamical System given by a general autonomous nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE). A classical tool to analyse the stability are Lyapunov functions, i.e. scalar‐valued functions, which decrease along solutions of the ODE. An alternative to Lyapunov functions is contraction analysis. Here, stability (or incremental stability) is a consequence of the contraction property between two adjacent solutions, formulated as the local property of a Finsler‐Lyapunov function. This has the advantage that the invariant set plays no special role and does not need to be known a priori.

In this paper, we propose a method to numerically construct a Finsler‐Lyapunov function by solving a first‐order partial differential equation using meshless collocation. Depending on the expected attractor, the contraction only takes place in certain directions, which can easily be implemented within the method. In the basin of attraction of an exponentially stable equilibrium or periodic orbit, we show that the PDE problem has a solution, which provides error estimates for the numerical method. Furthermore, we show how the method can also be applied outside the basin of attraction and can detect the stability as well as the stable/unstable directions of equilibria. The method is illustrated with several examples.
Deformations of the circular Wilson loop and spectral (in)dependence
Authors: Cooke Michael , Dekel Amit , Drukker Nadav , Trancanelli Diego , Vescovi Edoardo
Published: January 2019

Abstract

In this paper we study the expectation value of deformations of the circular Wilson loop in

$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$

N
=
4

super Yang-Mills theory. The leading order deformation, known as the Bremsstrahlung function, can be obtained exactly from supersymmetric localization, so our focus is on deformations at higher orders. We find simple expressions for the expectation values for generic deformations at the quartic order at one-loop at weak coupling and at leading order at strong coupling. We also present a very simple algorithm (not requiring integration) to evaluate the two-loop result. We find that an exact symmetry of the strong coupling sigma-model, known as the spectral-parameter independence, is an approximate symmetry at weak coupling, modifying the expectation value starting only at the sextic order in the deformation. Furthermore, we find very simple patterns for how the spectral parameter can appear in the weak coupling calculation, suggesting all-order structures.
Repartnering Following Gray Divorce: The Roles of Resources and Constraints for Women and Men
Authors: Brown Susan L. , Lin I-Fen , Hammersmith Anna M. , Wright Matthew R.
Published: January 2019

The doubling of the gray divorce rate (i.e., divorce at age 50 or older) over the past few decades portends growth in later-life repartnering, yet little is known about the mechanisms undergirding decisions to repartner after gray divorce. Using data from the 1998–2014 Health and Retirement Study, we examined women’s and men’s likelihoods of forming a remarriage or cohabiting union following gray divorce by estimating competing risk multinomial logistic regression models using discrete-time event history data. About 22 % of women and 37 % of men repartnered within 10 years after gray divorce. Repartnering more often occurred through cohabitation than remarriage, particularly for men. Resources such as economic factors, health, and social ties were linked to repartnering, but constraints captured by the contours of the marital biography were also salient, underscoring the distinctive features of union formation in later life.
Evaluation of a virtual reality enhanced bullying prevention curriculum pilot trial
Authors: Ingram Katherine M. , Espelage Dorothy L. , Merrin Gabriel J. , Valido Alberto , Heinhorst Jennifer , Joyce Mary
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Bullying is a widely prevalent public health and safety issue that can have serious long‐term consequences for youth. Given the limited efficacy of traditional bullying prevention programs, a need exists for novel, theoretically informed, prevention programming. Construal Level Theory provides a useful framework.

Methods

This study evaluated a pseudo‐randomized pilot trial of a virtual reality enhanced bullying prevention program among middle school students (N = 118) in the Midwest United States. Two models were proposed. The first predicts reductions in bullying behavior (traditional bullying, cyberbullying, relational aggression) at post‐test, mediated by changes in empathy in the virtual reality condition compared to the control condition. The second predicts increases in school belonging and willingness to intervene as an active bystander at post‐test, mediated by changes in empathy in the virtual reality condition compared to the control condition.

Results

The virtual reality condition yielded increased empathy from pre‐to post‐intervention compared to the control condition. Through the mediating role of empathy, changes in the desirable directions were also observed for traditional bullying, sense of school belonging, and willingness to intervene as an active bystander, but not for cyberbullying or relational aggression.

Conclusions

The scope and practical limitations of the virtual reality trial prevented a larger scale and more rigorous evaluation; however, results justify an expanded examination of virtual reality as a youth violence prevention tool.
Why Moral Status Matters for Metaethics
Authors: ARRUDA CAROLINE T.
Published: January 2019

I show that an overlooked feature of our moral life—moral status—provides a route to vindicating naturalist moral realism in much the same way that the Humean theory of motivation and judgment internalism are used to undermine it. Moral status presents two explanatory burdens for metaethical views. First, a given view must provide an ecumenical explanation of moral status, which does not depend on the truth of its metaethical claims (say, that there are mind-independent facts about moral status). Second, its explanation must be consistent with persistent normative ethical disagreement about what constitutes moral status. I conclude that naturalist moral realism succeeds, while quasi-realism fails because it cannot meet the latter requirement. This argument has three results: we have a new route for metaethical vindication more generally and for naturalist moral realism in particular; quasi-realism's plausibility is undermined by an inability to explain disagreement, but not for the familiar reasons.
Contribution of the gut microbiota to the regulation of host metabolism and energy balance: a focus on the gut–liver axis
Authors: Delzenne N. M. , Knudsen C. , Beaumont M. , Rodriguez J. , Neyrinck A. M. , Bindels L. B.
Published: January 2019

This review presents mechanistic studies performed in vitro and in animal models, as well as data obtained in patients that contribute to a better understanding of the impact of nutrients interacting with the gut microbiota on metabolic and behavioural alterations linked to obesity. The gut microbiota composition and function are altered in several pathological conditions including obesity and related diseases i.e. non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). The gut–liver axis is clearly influenced by alterations of the gut barrier that drives inflammation. In addition, recent papers propose that specific metabolites issued from the metabolic cooperation between the gut microbes and host enzymes, modulate inflammation and gene expression in the liver. This review illustrates how dietary intervention with prebiotics or probiotics influences host energy metabolism and inflammation. Indeed, intervention studies are currently underway in obese and NAFLD patients to unravel the relevance of the changes in gut microbiota composition in the management of metabolic and behavioural disorders by nutrients interacting with the gut microbiota. In conclusion, diet is among the main triggers of NAFLD and the gut microbiota is modified accordingly, underlining the importance of the concomitant study of the nutrients and microbial impact on liver health and metabolism, in order to propose innovative, clinically relevant, therapeutic approaches.
The interplay between childhood trauma, cognitive biases, psychotic-like experiences and depression and their additive impact on predicting lifetime suicidal behavior in young adults
Authors: Gawęda Łukasz , Pionke Renata , Krężołek Martyna , Frydecka Dorota , Nelson Barnaby , Cechnicki Andrzej
Published: January 2019

Background

Childhood trauma, psychosis risk, cognition, and depression have been identified as important risk markers for suicidal behaviors. However, little is known about the interplay between these distal and proximal markers in influencing the risk of suicide. We aim to investigate the interplay between childhood trauma, cognitive biases, psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and depression in predicting suicidal behaviors in a non-clinical sample of young adults.

Methods

In total, 3495 young adults were recruited to an online computer-assisted web interview. We used the Prodromal Questionnaire to assess PLEs. Childhood trauma was assessed with the Traumatic Experience Checklist (three items) and Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q, three items). Cognitive biases were assessed with a short version of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale. Suicidality, psychiatric diagnoses, and substance use were screened with a self-report questionnaire.

Results

Childhood trauma, as well as PLEs, was associated with an approximately five-fold increased risk of suicidal thoughts and plans as well as suicide attempts. Participants with depression were six times more likely to endorse suicidal behaviors. Path analysis revealed that PLEs, depression and cognitive biases are significant mediators of the relationship between trauma and suicidal behaviors. The model explained 44.6% of the variance in lifetime suicidality.

Conclusions

Cognitive biases, PLEs, and depression partially mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidal behaviors. The interplay between distal and proximal markers should be recognized and become part of clinical screening and therapeutic strategies for preventing risk of suicidality.
POLITICS, PATRONAGE AND THE TRANSMISSION OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES IN EARLY MEDIEVAL ROME, c. 650–750
Authors: Dey Hendrik
Published: January 2019

Well into the seventh century, masons in Rome built bonded-masonry walls using materials and techniques directly descended from antiquity. But walls erected starting in the eighth century are very different and distinctively ‘medieval’. The late seventh / early eighth century therefore represents a moment of rapid transition or even rupture in the Roman building industry, when older ways of doing things ceased forever. Drawing on recently excavated structures on the Palatine and at San Paolo fuori le Mura that offer new insights into this crucial transitional period, I suggest that the break with centuries-old building traditions reflects a fundamental shift in mechanisms of patronage, and of control over the city's built environment. After a hiatus in the second half of the seventh century, when the Roman construction industry languished between a Byzantine administration in decline and a Church bureaucracy not yet empowered to supplant it, early eighth-century popes faced the challenge of creating anew the means and methods to build on a substantial scale. The newly excavated structures of the early eighth century offer an unexpected perspective on the growth of, and the growing pains experienced by, Rome's nascent papal government.
The Challenge of Implementing the Belt and Road Initiative in the Middle East: Connectivity Projects under Conditions of Limited Political Engagement
Authors: Evron Yoram
Published: January 2019

Sceptics query China's economic and political ability to realize its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Less attention has been paid to BRI's implications for one of the defining features of China's foreign policy: low engagement in areas beyond its traditional sphere of influence. The Middle East is such a case. Addressing this issue, the article explores the mutual impact of China's low political involvement in the Middle East and BRI's realization. Distinguishing cross-border connectivity projects from other BRI-associated activities, the article examines the challenges to executing BRI-related projects in Israel. It finds that realizing connectivity projects – the essence of the BRI vision – will require China to increase its regional engagement, a shift that it has so far avoided.
Spatial analyses of occurrence data of crop wild relatives (CWR) taxa as tools for selection of sites for conservation of priority CWR in Zambia
Authors: Ng'uni Dickson , Munkombwe Graybill , Mwila Godfrey , Gaisberger Hannes , Brehm Joana Magos , Maxted Nigel , Kell Shelagh , Thormann Imke
Published: January 2019

Crop wild relatives (CWR) are valuable gene pools for crop improvement and offer unique potential and opportunity for enhancing food security and adaptation to climate change. However, current actions towards conservation of plant genetic resources in Zambia do not adequately cover CWR occurring in the country. The article describes the process leading to the development of a national strategic action plan (NSAP) for the conservation and sustainable use of priority CWR in Zambia. Based on 59 prioritized crops, a partial checklist of 459 CWR taxa was generated from the national flora checklist of 6305 taxa. The generated CWR taxa were prioritized based on the socio-economic value of the related crop, their utilization potential in crop improvement, relative distribution and threat status to produce 30 prioritized CWR taxa. Occurrence data were compiled for all CWR inventory taxa and used in spatial analyses to establish species distribution, species richness, gaps inin situconservation and genebank collections, and to identify priority sites forin situconservation andex situcollecting. Consistent with the national developmental agenda, along with the contribution of national stakeholders, spatial analyses of occurrence data of priority CWR taxa are valuable input for the development of the NSAP for the conservation and sustainable use of the priority CWR.
Erreichbarkeit gestalten, oder doch besser die Arbeit?
Authors: Rau Renate , Göllner Melanie
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung. Studien zur Erreichbarkeit für Arbeitsanforderungen zeigen, dass diese mit Arbeitszufriedenheit und Engagement (Motivation), aber auch Erholungsdefiziten in Beziehung steht, sowie mit höherer Arbeitsintensität und Tätigkeitsspielraum. Zu klären ist, ob die Beziehungen zwischen Erreichbarkeit und Motivation sowie Erholungsdefiziten auch nach Kontrolle der Effekte von Arbeitsmerkmalen nachweisbar sind. Es wurden Regressionsanalysen mit Daten von 83 erreichbar und 60 nicht erreichbar Beschäftigten durchgeführt (Prädiktoren: Arbeitsintensität, Tätigkeitsspielraum, Erreichbarkeit; Kriterien: Arbeitsengagement, Arbeitszufriedenheit, Erholungsunfähigkeit). Für Arbeitsengagement war allein der Tätigkeitsspielraum prädiktiv. Für Arbeitszufriedenheit und Erholungsunfähigkeit waren Arbeitsintensität, Tätigkeitsspielraum und Erreichbarkeit signifikante Prädiktoren. Dass durch Erreichbarkeit die Arbeit beendet werden kann, wird als möglicher Grund für die höhere Arbeitszufriedenheit diskutiert. Insgesamt scheinen erreichbar Beschäftigte ihre Arbeit nicht in der regulären Arbeitszeit zu schaffen. Sie nutzen den Tätigkeitsspielraum für die zeitliche Ausdehnung der Arbeit durch Erreichbarkeit. Dies verkürzt die Erholungszeiten, was sich in Erholungsunfähigkeit abbildet.
Eine meta-analytische Untersuchung des sozioökonomischen Status als Risikofaktor für postpartale Depression
Authors: Hehlmann Miriam I. , Schaan Violetta , Rubel Julian
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: 13 % aller Gebärenden leiden an postpartalen Depressionen (PPD), einer Krankheit mit bedeutsamen gesundheitlichen und sozialen Konsequenzen für die Betroffenen. Zurzeit werden PPD jedoch häufig spät erkannt und behandelt. Eine Früherkennung könnte durch die Identifikation spezifischer Vulnerabilitätsfaktoren erleichtert werden. Niedriger sozioökonomischen Status (SES) wurde als potenzieller Risikofaktor für Depressionen diskutiert ( Lorant et al., 2003 ). Fragestellung: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Meta-Analyse ist die systematische Untersuchung, ob niedriger SES mit einem erhöhten Risiko für die Entwicklung einer PPD einhergeht. Methode: Um die Vergleichbarkeit der eingeschlossenen Studien zu gewährleisten, werden die internationalen Empfehlungen zur Erfassung des SES von Jöckel et al. (1998) als Inklusionskriterium herangezogen. Die identifizierten Studien werden meta-analytisch zusammengefasst. Ergebnisse: Weder Bildung mit einem relativen Risiko (RR) = 1.14 (95 % KI = 0.95, 1.45) noch Einkommen mit RR = 1.32 (95 % KI = 0.99, 1.74) waren signifikant mit der Entwicklung einer PPD assoziiert. Schlussfolgerung: Es wurde kein Zusammenhang zwischen dem erhöhten Risiko eine PPD zu entwickeln und dem Bildungsniveau oder dem Einkommen gefunden. Die vorliegende Studie macht auf die gravierenden methodischen Mängel im Bereich der Forschung von PPD und dem SES aufmerksam.
A New Tool for Studying Volcanic Eruptions Like Kīlauea
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: January 2019

A new study sheds light on how magma erodes the conduit it flows through.
Resistin facilitates VEGF-A-dependent angiogenesis by inhibiting miR-16-5p in human chondrosarcoma cells
Authors: Chen Shiou-Sheng , Tang Chih-Hsin , Chie Meng-Ju , Tsai Chun-Hao , Fong Yi-Chin , Lu Yung-Chang , Chen Wei-Cheng , Lai Cheng-Ta , Wei Chuan-Yen , Tai Huai-Ching , Chou Wen-Yi , Wang Shih-Wei
Published: January 2019

Resistin is an adipokine that is associated with obesity, inflammation, and various cancers. Chondrosarcomas are primary malignant bone tumors that have a poor prognosis. VEGF-A is a critical angiogenic factor that is known to promote angiogenesis and metastasis in chondrosarcoma. It is unknown as to whether resistin affects human chondrosarcoma angiogenesis. In this study, we show how resistin promotes VEGF-A expression and subsequently induces angiogenesis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Resistin treatment activated the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt signaling pathways, while PI3K and Akt inhibitors or siRNA diminished resistin-induced VEGF-A expression. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed the downregulation of micro RNA (miR)-16-5p in resistin-induced VEGF-A expression and EPCs angiogenesis. We also found a positive correlation between resistin and VEGF-A expression, and a negative correlation between resistin and VEGF-A with miR-16-5p in chondrosarcoma patients. These findings reveal that resistin facilitates VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis through the inhibition of miR-16-5p expression via PI3K/Akt signaling cascades. Resistin may be a promising target in chondrosarcoma angiogenesis.
CD44v6 engages in colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Ma Lixin , Dong Lihua , Chang Pengyu
Published: January 2019

CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein. When the CD44 gene is expressed, its pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) can be alternatively spliced into mature mRNAs that encode several CD44 isoforms. The mRNA assembles with ten standard exons, and the sixth variant exon encodes CD44v6, which engages in a variety of biological processes, including cell growth, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis. Mechanistically, CD44v6 interacts with hyaluronic acid (HA) or osteopontin, or it acts as a coreceptor for various cytokines, such as epidermal growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and C-X-C motif chemokine 12. In this context, the receptor tyrosine kinase or G protein-coupled receptor-associated signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt, are activated. Using these actions, homeostasis or regeneration can be facilitated among normal tissues. However, overexpression of the mature mRNA encoding CD44v6 can induce cancer progression. For example, CD44v6 assists colorectal cancer stem cells in colonization, invasion, and metastasis. Overexpression of CD44v6 predicts poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer, as patients with a large number of CD44v6-positive cells in their tumors are generally diagnosed at late stages. Thus, the clinical significance of CD44v6 in colorectal cancer deserves consideration. Preclinical results have indicated satisfactory efficacies of anti-CD44 therapy among several cancers, including prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, and gastric cancer. Moreover, clinical trials aiming to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and toxicity of a commercialized anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody developed by Roche (RO5429083) have been conducted among patients with CD44-expressing malignant tumors, and a clinical trial focusing on the dose escalation of this antibody is ongoing. Thus, we are hopeful that anti-CD44 therapy will be applied in the treatment of colorectal cancer in the future.
The CHD6 chromatin remodeler is an oxidative DNA damage response factor
Authors: Moore Shaun , Berger N. Daniel , Luijsterburg Martijn S. , Piett Cortt G. , Stanley Fintan K. T. , Schräder Christoph U. , Fang Shujuan , Chan Jennifer A. , Schriemer David C. , Nagel Zachary D. , van Attikum Haico , Goodarzi Aaron A.
Published: January 2019

Cell survival after oxidative DNA damage requires signaling, repair and transcriptional events often enabled by nucleosome displacement, exchange or removal by chromatin remodeling enzymes. Here, we show that Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding protein 6 (CHD6), distinct to other CHD enzymes, is stabilized during oxidative stress via reduced degradation. CHD6 relocates rapidly to DNA damage in a manner dependent upon oxidative lesions and a conserved N-terminal poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent recruitment motif, with later retention requiring the double chromodomain and central core. CHD6 ablation increases reactive oxygen species persistence and impairs anti-oxidant transcriptional responses, leading to elevated DNA breakage and poly(ADP-ribose) induction that cannot be rescued by catalytic or double chromodomain mutants. Despite no overt epigenetic or DNA repair abnormalities, CHD6 loss leads to impaired cell survival after chronic oxidative stress, abnormal chromatin relaxation, amplified DNA damage signaling and checkpoint hypersensitivity. We suggest that CHD6 is a key regulator of the oxidative DNA damage response.
Neuroinflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis near the cribriform plate contributes to drainage of CNS-derived antigens and immune cells
Authors: Hsu Martin , Rayasam Aditya , Kijak Julie A. , Choi Yun Hwa , Harding Jeffrey S. , Marcus Sarah A. , Karpus William J. , Sandor Matyas , Fabry Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2019

There are no conventional lymphatic vessels within the CNS parenchyma, although it has been hypothesized that lymphatics near the cribriform plate or dura maintain fluid homeostasis and immune surveillance during steady-state conditions. However, the role of these lymphatic vessels during neuroinflammation is not well understood. We report that lymphatic vessels near the cribriform plate undergo lymphangiogenesis in a VEGFC – VEGFR3 dependent manner during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and drain both CSF and cells that were once in the CNS parenchyma. Lymphangiogenesis also contributes to the drainage of CNS derived antigens that leads to antigen specific T cell proliferation in the draining lymph nodes during EAE. In contrast, meningeal lymphatics do not undergo lymphangiogenesis during EAE, suggesting heterogeneity in CNS lymphatics. We conclude that increased lymphangiogenesis near the cribriform plate can contribute to the management of neuroinflammation-induced fluid accumulation and immune surveillance.
Controlling the shape of 3D microstructures by temperature and light
Authors: Hippler Marc , Blasco Eva , Qu Jingyuan , Tanaka Motomu , Barner-Kowollik Christopher , Wegener Martin , Bastmeyer Martin
Published: January 2019

Stimuli-responsive microstructures are critical to create adaptable systems in soft robotics and biosciences. For such applications, the materials must be compatible with aqueous environments and enable the manufacturing of three-dimensional structures. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) is a well-established polymer, exhibiting a substantial response to changes in temperature close to its lower critical solution temperature. To create complex actuation patterns, materials that react differently with respect to a stimulus are required. Here, we introduce functional three-dimensional hetero-microstructures based on pNIPAM. By variation of the local exposure dose in three-dimensional laser lithography, we demonstrate that the material parameters can be altered on demand in a single resist formulation. We explore this concept for sophisticated three-dimensional architectures with large-amplitude and complex responses. The experimental results are consistent with numerical calculations, able to predict the actuation response. Furthermore, a spatially controlled response is achieved by inducing a local temperature increase by two-photon absorption of focused light.
Kinetic analysis of multistep USP7 mechanism shows critical role for target protein in activity
Authors: Kim Robbert Q. , Geurink Paul P. , Mulder Monique P. C. , Fish Alexander , Ekkebus Reggy , El Oualid Farid , van Dijk Willem J. , van Dalen Duco , Ovaa Huib , van Ingen Hugo , Sixma Titia K.
Published: January 2019

USP7 is a highly abundant deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), involved in cellular processes including DNA damage response and apoptosis. USP7 has an unusual catalytic mechanism, where the low intrinsic activity of the catalytic domain (CD) increases when the C-terminal Ubl domains (Ubl45) fold onto the CD, allowing binding of the activating C-terminal tail near the catalytic site. Here we delineate how the target protein promotes the activation of USP7. Using NMR analysis and biochemistry we describe the order of activation steps, showing that ubiquitin binding is an instrumental step in USP7 activation. Using chemically synthesised p53-peptides we also demonstrate how the correct ubiquitinated substrate increases catalytic activity. We then used transient reaction kinetic modelling to define how the USP7 multistep mechanism is driven by target recognition. Our data show how this pleiotropic DUB can gain specificity for its cellular targets.
Author Correction: Salt concentration and charging velocity determine ion charge storage mechanism in nanoporous supercapacitors
Authors: Prehal C. , Koczwara C. , Amenitsch H. , Presser V. , Paris O.
Published: January 2019

The original version of this Article contained an error in the Acknowledgements, which incorrectly omitted from the end the following: ‘The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme under grant agreement nº 730872.’ This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Anti-breast Cancer Activity of SPG-56 from Sweet Potato in MCF-7 Bearing Mice in Situ through Promoting Apoptosis and Inhibiting Metastasis
Authors: Li Zhaoxing , Yu Yang , Wang Meimei , Xu Heshan , Han Bing , Jiang Pu , Ma Hang , Li Yuanfeng , Tian Cheng , Zhou Deqi , Li Xuegang , Ye Xiaoli
Published: January 2019

SPG-56 is a newly isolated glycoprotein from sweet potatoes (Zhongshu NO. 1), but its value for suppressing breast cancer progression remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the potential anti-cancer effects of SPG-56, which consists of 2.9% sugar and 97.1% protein. The effects of SPG-56 on the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells were determined using CCK-8 and Hoechst 33342 assays and flow cytometry, after staining with Annexin V and PI respectively. The activities of SPG-56 against breast cancer were examined using female BALB/c nude mice orthotopically implanted with human breast carcinoma cells of the types MCF-7 and 4T1-Luc. The cellular experiments showed that SPG-56 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of MCF-7 cells dose- and time-dependently. Oral administration of SPG-56 significantly suppressed the development of MCF-7 tumor cells (P < 0.01) as compared with an untreated group. The serum tumor markers CEA, CA125 and CA153 in a 240 mg/kg/d SPG-56 decreased by 54.8%, 91.8%, and 90.3%, respectively. The experiments further demonstrated that SPG-56 inhibited the metastasis of breast cancer in MCF-7 and 4T1-bearing mice by altering the expression of MMP2, MMP9, VEGF, Occludin and Claudin. It is concluded that SPG-56 may have potential as a novel anti-tumor candidate for breast cancer.
Stigmasterol accumulation causes cardiac injury and promotes mortality
Authors: Tao Caroline , Shkumatov Artem A. , Alexander Shawn T. , Ason Brandon L. , Zhou Mingyue
Published: January 2019

Cardiovascular disease is expected to remain the leading cause of death worldwide despite the introduction of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors that effectively control cholesterol. Identifying residual risk factors for cardiovascular disease remains an important step for preventing and clinically managing the disease. Here we report cardiac injury and increased mortality occurring despite a 50% reduction in plasma cholesterol in a mouse model of phytosterolemia, a disease characterized by elevated levels of dietary plant sterols in the blood. Our studies show accumulation of stigmasterol, one of phytosterol species, leads to left ventricle dysfunction, cardiac interstitial fibrosis and macrophage infiltration without atherosclerosis, and increased mortality. A pharmacological inhibitor of sterol absorption prevents cardiac fibrogenesis. We propose that the pathological mechanism linking clinical sitosterolemia to the cardiovascular outcomes primarily involves phytosterols-induced cardiac fibrosis rather than cholesterol-driven atherosclerosis. Our studies suggest stigmasterol is a potent and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Target-assisted FRET signal amplification for ultrasensitive detection of microRNA
Authors: Wang Bin , You Zheng , Ren Dahai
Published: January 2019

The recycling of target miRNA and high quenching efficiency of nanogold greatly improved the sensitivity for miRNA detection.
Highly stable lithium plating by a multifunctional electrolyte additive in a lithium-sulfurized polyacrylonitrile battery
Authors: Shuai Yi , Zhang Zeping , Chen Kanghua , Lou Jin , Wang Yu
Published: January 2019

The formation of lithium dendrites is recognized as the worst problem for lithium metal batteries.
Iron-catalysed enantioselective Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of racemic alkyl bromides
Authors: Iwamoto Takahiro , Okuzono Chiemi , Adak Laksmikanta , Jin Masayoshi , Nakamura Masaharu
Published: January 2019

The first iron-catalyzed enantioselective Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction has been established by using electron-deficient P-chiral bisphosphine ligand (R,R)-QuinoxP*.
Mechanised lubricating silica nanoparticles for on-command cargo release on simulated surfaces of joint cavities
Authors: Tan Xiaolong , Sun Yulong , Sun Tao , Zhang Hongyu
Published: January 2019

Supramolecular mechanised silica nanoparticles for controlled cargo release and lubrication enhancement are demonstrated.
Mechanochemical synthesis of brexpiprazole cocrystals to improve its pharmaceutical attributes
Authors: Arabiani Mohsin R. , Lodagekar Anurag , Yadav Balvant , Chavan Rahul B. , Shastri Nalini R. , Purohit Parva Y. , Shelat Pragna , Dave Divyang
Published: January 2019

In the present study, cocrystallization of a new piprazole analogue drug, brexpiprazole (BREX), with coformers such as succinic acid and catechol was carried out using ball milling to address the poor solubility and dissolution rate of the molecule.
Computational studies of protein–protein dissociation by statistical potential and coarse-grained simulations: a case study on interactions between colicin E9 endonuclease and immunity proteins
Authors: Su Zhaoqian , Wu Yinghao
Published: January 2019

A coarse-grained simulation method and a knowledge-based potential were developed to explore the dissociation mechanisms of protein complexes.
Singlet excitation in the intermediate magnetic equivalence regime and field-dependent study of singlet–triplet leakage
Authors: Kharkov Boris , Duan Xueyou , Tovar Emily S. , Canary James W. , Jerschow Alexej
Published: January 2019

Measuring field-dependence of singlet lifetimes in the intermediate magnetic equivalence regime.
Origin band of the first photoionizing transition of hydrogen isocyanide
Authors: Gans Bérenger , Garcia Gustavo A. , Boyé-Péronne Séverine , Pratt Stephen T. , Guillemin Jean-Claude , Aguado Alfredo , Roncero Octavio , Loison Jean-Christophe
Published: January 2019

The photoelectron spectrum of the X1Σ+ → X+2Σ+ ionizing transition of hydrogen isocyanide (HNC) is measured for the first time at a fixed photon energy (13 eV).
A water-soluble BODIPY based ‘OFF/ON’ fluorescent probe for the detection of Cd2+ ions with high selectivity and sensitivity
Authors: Maity Apurba , Ghosh Utsav , Giri Dipanjan , Mukherjee Devdeep , Maiti Tapas Kumar , Patra Sanjib K.
Published: January 2019

A simple and readily synthesized BODIPY based fluorescent chemosensor has been developed for the selective and sensitive detection of Cd2+ ions up to a submicromolar level in aqueous media.
Photodetachment and photoreactions of substituted naphthalene anions in a tandem ion mobility spectrometer
Authors: Bull James N. , Buntine Jack T. , Scholz Michael S. , Carrascosa Eduardo , Giacomozzi Linda , Stockett Mark H. , Bieske Evan J.
Published: January 2019

Tandem IMS-laser-IMS is used to probe the intrinsic electronic absorptions of deprotonated substituted naphthalene anions.
Reversible CO2 fixation by N-heterocyclic imines forming water-stable zwitterionic nitrogen-base–CO2 adducts
Authors: Wilm Lukas F. B. , Eder Tobias , Mück-Lichtenfeld Christian , Mehlmann Paul , Wünsche Marius , Buß Florenz , Dielmann Fabian
Published: January 2019

A systematic study on the formation of isolable nitrogen base–CO2 adducts is reported giving rise to the first water-stable adducts.
Metal–organic framework-derived indium–copper bimetallic oxide catalysts for selective aqueous electroreduction of CO2
Authors: Guo Weiwei , Sun Xiaofu , Chen Chunjun , Yang Dexin , Lu Lu , Yang Youdi , Han Buxing
Published: January 2019

MOF-derived In–Cu bimetallic oxides are highly efficient electrocatalysts for the transformation of CO2 into CO in an aqueous electrolyte.
Solvent- and catalyst-free synthesis of an azine-linked covalent organic framework and the induced tautomerization in the adsorption of U(vi) and Hg(ii)
Authors: Li Xing , Qi Yue , Yue Guozong , Wu Qianxun , Li Yang , Zhang Meicheng , Guo Xinghua , Li Xiaofeng , Ma Lijian , Li Shoujian
Published: January 2019

A green and facile solvent- and catalyst-free method to synthesize an azine-linked covalent organic framework was proposed for the first time.
Efficient, one-step, cascade synthesis of densely functionalized furans from unprotected carbohydrates in basic aqueous media
Authors: Lambu Mallikharjuna Rao , Judeh Zaher M. A.
Published: January 2019

One-pot Et3N-catalyzed reaction of unprotected carbohydrates with malononitrile or malonamide nitrile in aqueous media gave selectively densely functionalized furans in 84–98% yields.
Synthesis and receptor binding of thiophene bioisosteres of potent GluN2B ligands with a benzo[7]annulene-scaffold
Authors: Baumeister Sören , Schepmann Dirk , Wünsch Bernhard
Published: January 2019

Bioisosteric [7]annulenothiophenes are well tolerated by GluN2B subunit containing NMDA receptors, but do not require a benzylic OH moiety.
A novel electrochemical epinine sensor using amplified CuO nanoparticles and an-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate electrode
Authors: Karimi-Maleh Hassan , Sheikhshoaie Mahdieh , Sheikhshoaie Iran , Ranjbar Mohammad , Alizadeh Javad , Maxakato Nobanathi Wendy , Abbaspourrad Alireza
Published: January 2019

This study suggests a carbon paste electrode modified with CuO nanoparticles andn-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (CPE/CuO-NPs/HMIPF6) as a powerful tool for the analysis of epinine for the first time.
Synthesis of blue-red emissive amido-substituted di(het)aryl and tri(het)aryl amine derivatives via chemoselective N-mono and N,N-diarylation of (het) aryl amino amides using benzyne/arynes
Authors: Meerakrishna Ramakrishnan Suseela , Shanmugam Ponnusamy
Published: January 2019

Chemoselective synthesis of amide-substituted triaryl and diaryl amines by N-mono and N,N-diarylation of (het)aryl amino amides using arynes has been reported. Selected triarylamines showed blue-red emission.
A smart sensor for rapid detection of lethal hydrazine in human blood and drinking water
Authors: Paul Sima , Nandi Rajesh , Ghoshal Kakali , Bhattacharyya Maitree , Maiti Dilip K.
Published: January 2019

A newly designed and synthesized probe showed good cell permeability, low cytotoxicity, fast fluorogenic recognition, and “naked-eye” detection of a lethal health hazard, hydrazine, even at concentrations significantly below the TLV levels present in living cells, drinking water and industrial effluent.
Chiral ionic liquid crystals based on thiourea
Authors: Kirchhecker Sarah , Bruce Duncan W.
Published: January 2019

Chiral ionic liquid crystals based on the S-methyl-N,N′-α-methylarylthiouronium cation have been prepared and studied.
Saturated bioisosteres of benzene: where to go next?
Authors: Mykhailiuk Pavel K.
Published: January 2019

Saturated bioisosteres for ortho- and meta-substituted benzenes remain a current challenge for chemists.
Facile synthesis of conjugated microporous polymer-based porphyrin units for adsorption of CO2 and organic vapors
Authors: Xu Yanhong , Cui Di , Zhang Shuran , Xu Guangjuan , Su Zhongmin
Published: January 2019

Two porphyrin-based CMPs as multifunctional absorbents exhibit high CO2 selectivity over N2 and CH4 and good capacity for organic vapors.
A carbon quantum dot and rhodamine-based ratiometric fluorescent complex for the recognition of histidine in aqueous systems
Authors: Singh Harupjit , Sidhu Jagpreet Singh , Mahajan Dhiraj Kumar , Singh Narinder
Published: January 2019

A simple and effective ratiometric fluorescent complex has been developed for the selective sensing of histidine in aqueous systems.
Dehydroxylated amination accompanied by 1,2-sulfur immigration
Authors: Cui Yong , Lu Tao , Shi Zhihao , Feng Jie
Published: January 2019

A sulfur neighbouring-group participation N-alkylation method is presented, which enables the simultaneous C–O cleavage, C–S immigration and C–N formation performed in a metal free system.
N1-Methyladenosine detection with CRISPR-Cas13a/C2c2
Authors: Chen Yi , Yang Shixi , Peng Shuang , Li Wei , Wu Fan , Yao Qian , Wang Fang , Weng Xiaocheng , Zhou Xiang
Published: January 2019

CRISPR Cas13a provided a robust, simple and fluorescence-based method for m1A detection and dynamic m1A demethylation analysis of 28S rRNA.
Faceted polymersomes: a sphere-to-polyhedron shape transformation
Authors: Wong Chin Ken , Martin Adam D. , Floetenmeyer Matthias , Parton Robert G. , Stenzel Martina H. , Thordarson Pall
Published: January 2019

We uncover how our polymersomes facet through a sphere-to-polyhedron shape transformation pathway that is driven by perylene aggregation confined within a topologically spherical polymersome shell.
Microfluidic fabrication of vesicles with hybrid lipid/nanoparticle bilayer membranes
Authors: Perrotton Julie , Ahijado-Guzmán Rubén , Moleiro Lara H. , Tinao Berta , Guerrero-Martinez Andrés , Amstad Esther , Monroy Francisco , Arriaga Laura R.
Published: January 2019

Water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion drops, fabricated using capillary microfluidics, enable the formation of vesicles with hybrid lipid/nanoparticle membranes.
Anion-order driven polar interfaces at LaTiO2N surfaces
Authors: Ninova Silviya , Aschauer Ulrich
Published: January 2019

Polar/non-polar interfaces betweencis(bulk) andtrans(surface) N anion orders spontaneously form at Ti-terminated LaTiO2N (001) surfaces.
3D core–shell porous-structured Cu@Sn hybrid electrodes with unprecedented selective CO2-into-formate electroreduction achieving 100%
Authors: Hou Xiaofan , Cai Yixiao , Zhang Dan , Li Lv , Zhang Xia , Zhu Zidi , Peng Luwei , Liu Yuyu , Qiao Jinli
Published: January 2019

Cu-based catalysts are exceptionally advantageous for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to fuels and chemical products utilizing clean and renewable energy.
Li7La3Zr2O12 ceramic nanofiber-incorporated composite polymer electrolytes for lithium metal batteries
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Wei , Dou Qianqian , Wong Ka Wai , Ng Ka Ming
Published: January 2019

A composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) based on garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) nanofiber-incorporated PVDF-HFP is reported.
The polymerization kinetics, oxidation-responsiveness, and in vitro anticancer efficacy of poly(ester-thioether)s
Authors: Cheng Furong , Su Ting , Luo Kui , Pu Yuji , He Bin
Published: January 2019

The oxidation-responsiveness and biomedical properties of poly(ester-thioether)s could be tuned by varying the polymer backbones.
Synthesis, dielectric properties and application in a thin film transistor device of amorphous aluminum oxide AlxOy using a molecular based precursor route
Authors: Koslowski Nico , Sanctis Shawn , Hoffmann Rudolf C. , Bruns Michael , Schneider Jörg J.
Published: January 2019

Generation of dielectric amorphous aluminum oxide using a novel chimie douce molecular precursor route is reported.
Perspective: The promises of a holistic view of proteins—impact on antibody engineering and drug discovery
Authors: Phua Ser-Xian , Chan Kwok-Fong , Su Chinh Tran-To , Poh Jun-Jie , Gan Samuel Ken-En
Published: January 2019

The reductionist approach is prevalent in biomedical science. However, increasing evidence now shows that biological systems cannot be simply considered as the sum of its parts. With experimental, technological, and computational advances, we can now do more than view parts in isolation, thus we propose that an increasing holistic view (where a protein is investigated as much as a whole as possible) is now timely. To further advocate this, we review and discuss several studies and applications involving allostery, where distant protein regions can cross-talk to influence functionality. Therefore, we believe that an increasing big picture approach holds great promise, particularly in the areas of antibody engineering and drug discovery in rational drug design.
Extended construction of array‐based non‐binary LDPC codes
Authors: Zhao Shancheng , Ma Xiao
Published: January 2019

Array‐based non‐binary (NB) low‐density parity‐check (LDPC) codes are attractive in practice for their advantages in implementation and performance. However, existing construction of array‐based NB LDPC codes is only with the prime number cases. In this Letter, the authors extend the array‐based construction to composite numbers to give an explicit construction of structured array‐based NB LDPC codes with column weights three, four, and five. The resulting codes have girth at least six. The simulation results show that the proposed structured codes perform as well as the random codes constructed by progressive edge‐growth algorithm, when decoded with the Q‐ary sum product algorithm and the low‐complexity weighted bit‐reliability‐based decoding algorithm.
Effective method to design large‐size horn arrays with high gain and suppressed sidelobes using meta‐screens
Authors: Chen Cheng , Huang Kama , Yang Yang
Published: January 2019

This study presents a novel design of a high gain and suppressed sidelobes horn array covered with meta‐screens. The meta‐screens are composed of two layers of periodic slot structure that divide the large‐size horn into an equivalent leaky‐wave array. A synthesis procedure is therefore proposed to analyse the leaky‐wave array, resulting in high gain and low sidelobes. The element pattern of the leaky‐wave array is derived from the equivalent network of the corresponding leaky‐wave antenna, and the element excitations are determined by the scattering results from the horn aperture field distribution. The synthesised pattern of a horn with the meta‐screens is calculated by using the element pattern and excitations. Based on the synthesis procedure, the optimised horn and meta‐screens with a uniform aperture field are achieved efficiently. Adopting the horn and meta‐screens in an arbitrary N × N array, the array demonstrates a high gain and suppressed sidelobes. To verify the proposed method, a 2 × 2 array prototype is designed and fabricated. The prototype features the gain of 27.4 dB and the sidelobe level less than −10 dB. A good agreement between the predicted and measured results proves the effectiveness of the method.