bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Silicophosphate Alternating Hybrid Copolymers via Nonaqueous Acid-Base Reactions of Phosphoric Acid and Organo-Bridged Bis(chlorosilane)
Authors: Okada Kenji , Takano Masanari , Tokudome Yasuaki , Tokuda Yomei , Takahashi Masahide
Published: December 2019

A design of atomic and oligomer level structure in organic-inorganic hybrid materials is highly important for various applications. Nonaqueous acid-base reaction allows us to prepare silicophosphates with controlled inorganic networks (–(O–P–O–Si)n) at atomic level because phosphorous and silicon-based precursors can react directly, resulting in an alternating copolymer network. Organic functionalization in those materials has been realized so far by using organic-modified phosphorous acid and/or organo-chlorosilane as precursors. In the present study, silicophosphate oligomers exhibiting inorganic-organic hybrid chains of (–(O–P–O–Si–R–Si)n) (R: bridging organic functional groups), are prepared from phosphoric acid and organo-bridged bis(chlorosilane). The 1, 2-bis(chlorodimethylsilyl)ethane ((C2H4)(Me2SiCl)2) and 1, 4-bis(chlorodimethylsilyl)benzene ((C6H4)(Me2SiCl)2) were used as organo-bridged bis(chlorosilane). Different types of silicophosphate oligomers with different network structures and terminal groups (P-OH and/or Si-Cl) were prepared by changing the reaction temperature and molar ratio of precursors. The formation of low molecular weight oligomers of ring and cage morphologies (ring tetramer, cage pentamer, and ring hexamer) is suggested in the product prepared from phosphoric acid and (C6H4)(Me2SiCl)2 molecule at 150 °C. Those silicophosphate hybrid oligomers are expected to be used as building blocks of hybrid materials with well-defined network structures for desired functionalities.
Neuroprotective Effect of ent-Kaur-15-en-17-al-18-oic Acid on Amyloid Beta Peptide-Induced Oxidative Apoptosis in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhang Caiyun , Zhao Xingming , Lin Shiqi , Liu Fangyuan , Ma Jiahui , Han Zhuo , Jia Fujuan , Xie Weidong , Zhang Qian , Li Xia
Published: December 2019

ent-Kaur-15-en-17-al-18-oic acid, extracted from the Chinese well known folk herb Leontopodium longifolium, performed a significantly neuroprotective effect on amyloid beta peptide 25-35 (Aβ25-35)-induced SH-SY5Y cells neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease. The results demonstrated that this compound maintained oxidative stress balance, reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and improved contents of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) without obvious cytotoxicity. This compound also obviously relieved oxidative stress-induced apoptosis associated with p53 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways accompanied by upregulating B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) and downregulating p53, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), Bax, Cleaved-caspase 3, and Cytochrome C protein expressions further. Briefly, ent-kaur-15-en-17-al-18-oic acid protected cells from oxidative apoptosis associated with p53 and NF-κB pathways.
High-Throughput Isolation of Nucleic Acids from Soil
Authors: Chiodi Claudia , Moro Matteo , Squartini Andrea , Concheri Giuseppe , Occhi Francesco , Fornasier Flavio , Cagnin Massimo , Bertoldo Giovanni , Broccanello Chiara , Stevanato Piergiorgio
Published: December 2019

DNA-based technologies have become widespread tools for soil microbiological analyses in recent years. DNA extraction from the soil is a key step for these approaches: it is a challenge for researchers as it is still both expensive and time-consuming when large surveys are planned. The aim of this study was to develop a high-throughput automated protocol for DNA extraction and purification from soil. The protocol was based on the BioSprint 96 platform and compared for validation with another automated procedure and two commercial column-based kits. To evaluate the performances of the protocols, we considered quality, quantity, and amplifiability of the isolated DNA. The material isolated by means of the four protocols showed appropriate yield and quality and positive amplification. The isolation protocol presented here provided similar results to those of the commercial kits but with two essential differences: cost and time for DNA extraction were drastically reduced. This rapid and efficient protocol is envisaged as ideal to standardize soil studies and treat large numbers of samples, representing a workable alternative to low-throughput and expensive manual extraction methods.
Antecedents of Relationship Learning in Business-Non-Profit Organization Collaboration Agreements
Authors: Barroso-Méndez María Jesús , Galera-Casquet Clementina , Valero-Amaro Víctor , Nevado-Gil María Teresa
Published: December 2019

The literature has highlighted that relationship learning constitutes a value creation pathway in business and non-profit collaborations. However, this process has not been studied in detail. The main objective of this study was to carry out an in-depth analysis of relationship learning by examining the main factors that favor its development. For this, a research model was developed based on the relevant literature in the field of Relationship Marketing and Inter-Organizational Learning. The hypotheses were tested with data collected from 102 Spanish firms in collaboration relationships with non-profit organizations. The results reveal the importance of four relational variables in the direct and indirect explanation of relationship learning—values shared by the partners, trust, commitment, and cooperation. First, shared values form a key antecedent of trust and commitment, these in turn are fundamental precursors of the partners’ cooperation, and commitment and cooperation showed themselves to be the main determinants of relationship learning between firms and non-profit organizations. The proposed model could enrich the relevant literature and provide better understanding of the relational aspects that businesses and non-profit organizations should work on if they wish to improve their level of relationship learning.
Comparison of Electric Power Output Observed and Estimated from Floating Photovoltaic Systems: A Case Study on the Hapcheon Dam, Korea
Authors: Suh Jangwon , Jang Yonghae , Choi Yosoon
Published: December 2019

An interest in floating photovoltaic (PV) is growing drastically worldwide. To evaluate the feasibility of floating PV projects, an accurate estimation of electric power output (EPO) is a crucial first step. This study estimates the EPO of a floating PV system and compares it with the actual EPO observed at the Hapcheon Dam, Korea. Typical meteorological year data and system design parameters were entered into System Advisor Model (SAM) software to estimate the hourly and monthly EPOs. The monthly estimated EPOs were lower than the monthly observed EPOs. This result is ascribed to the cooling effect of the water environment on the floating PV module, which makes the floating PV efficiency higher than overland PV efficiency. Unfortunately, most commercial PV software, including the SAM, was unable to consider this effect in estimating EPO. The error results showed it was possible to estimate the monthly EPOs with an error of less than 15% (simply by simulation) and 9% (when considering the cooling effect: 110% of the estimated monthly EPOs). This indicates that the approach of using empirical results can provide more reliable estimation of EPO in the feasibility assessment stage of floating PV projects. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop simulation software dedicated to the floating PV system.
Operationalizing Business Model Innovation through Big Data Analytics for Sustainable Organizations
Authors: Minatogawa Vinicius Luiz Ferraz , Franco Matheus Munhoz Vieira , Rampasso Izabela Simon , Anholon Rosley , Quadros Ruy , Durán Orlando , Batocchio Antonio
Published: December 2019

Business model innovation is considered key for organizations to achieve sustainability. However, there are many problems involving the operationalization of business model innovation. We used a design science methodology to develop an artifact to assist business model innovation efforts. The artifact uses performance measurement indicators of the company’s business model, which are powered by Big Data analytics to endow customer-driven business model innovation. Then, we applied the artifact in a critical case study. The selected company is a fashion ecommerce that proposes a vegan and sustainable value using recycled plastic bottle yarn as raw material, and ensures that no material with animal origin is used. Our findings show that the artifact successfully assists a proactive and continuous effort towards business model innovation. Although based on technical concepts, the artifact is accessible to the context of small businesses, which helps to democratize the practices of business model innovation and Big Data analytics beyond large organizations. We contribute to the business model innovation literature by connecting it to performance management and Big Data and providing paths for its operationalization. Consequently, in practice, the proposed artifact can assist managers dealing with business model as a dynamic element towards a sustainable company.
O acesso à justiça pleno da criança e do adolescente através do Ministério Público: a tutela coletiva como alternativa para a redução do cometimento de atos infracionais
Authors: Cardoso Marco Antonio Laner , Surdi José Guilherme
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo objetiva verificar como o acesso à justiça de crianças e adolescentes, por meio da tutela coletiva de direitos transindividuais propiciada pelo Ministério Público brasileiro, pode ser capaz de reduzir os parâmetros atuais de atos infracionais no Brasil. Para tanto, parte-se da seguinte problemática: de que forma a instituição, através dos instrumentos extrajudiciais e judiciais de que dispõe no processo coletivo, viabiliza o acesso à justiça de crianças e adolescentes? A concretização da tutela coletiva dos direitos de crianças e adolescentes pode interferir nos índices de cometimento de atos infracionais no Brasil? Com emprego do método dedutivo, verificou-se, a partir da técnica de consulta bibliográfica, a evolução histórica da ideia de acesso à justiça, atentando para as formas de sua concretização, bem como os expedientes próprios do Ministério Público para tal desiderato. A seguir, buscou-se retratar o desenvolvimento histórico, cultural e jurídico da responsabilização da criança e do adolescente por atos análogos a crimes no país, amparando-se, também, em pesquisa bibliográfica. Ademais, expôs-se estatísticas oficiais sobre os índices atuais de atos infracionais, com o fito de retratar o contexto social de sua prática, evidenciando o perfil do conflito do adolescente com a lei no Brasil. Por fim, verificou-se os instrumentos procedimentais, dos quais dispõe o Ministério Público, para efetivar o acesso à justiça pleno da criança e do adolescente, e de que maneira a tutela coletiva pode significar fator de modificação dos parâmetros de atos infracionais.
Análise cultural-midiática no telejornalismo do Oeste Catarinense: A (re)configuração das identidades regionais
Authors: Da Silva Franscesco Flavio , Lisboa Filho Flavi Ferreira
Published: December 2019

Este trabalho busca perceber como dois telejornais do meio dia de Chapecó – Santa Catarina, representam os sujeitos e suas interações da região Oeste do referido Estado em seus textos, contribuindo para (re)configurar uma identidade regional. A incidência da globalização no contexto histórico, político e cultural torna a região uma zona de tensão identitária. Neste sentido, buscamos nos Estudos Culturais suporte teórico e metodológico para realizar uma análise cultural-midiática que desse conta do nosso propósito investigativo. Para uma análise de ordem qualitativa, utilizamos como operador analítico a análise textual (CASETTI e CHIO, 1999), aplicada aos textos produzidos pelos sujeitos dos dois telejornais. Pudemos perceber a diferença das representações entre os telejornais, assim como a forte representação da região a partir de Chapecó e dos chapecoenses, assim como a presença de traços da cultura gaúcha contrastando com a exclusão de certos aspectos culturais de outras regiões do estado de Santa Catarina.
Como a ditadura, a violência e os direitos humanos apareceram na agenda eleitoral de 2018?
Authors: Santa Inês Leonardo , Silveira Bruna , Nalon Sanglard Fernanda , Mattar Luciano
Published: December 2019

Este artigo tem a proposta de analisar a campanha eleitoral dos três primeiros colocados na disputa pela Presidência da República no pleito de 2018. A intenção é compreender como Jair Bolsonaro (PSL), Fernando Haddad (PT) e Ciro Gomes (PDT) abordaram temas relativos à violência e aos direitos humanos, com conteúdos produzidos em diferentes formatos. O estudo analisou os textos produzidos pelos candidatos – ou por suas campanhas – à luz da literatura sobre direitos humanos e violência, considerando suas diferentes abordagens, e de questões sobre a ditadura militar e a comissão da verdade. Propomos análise de conteúdo do material coletado nos programas de governo e nos posts dos então candidatos no primeiro e no segundo turnos das eleições em suas páginas oficiais no Facebook. A partir de buscas por palavras-chave de interesse da pesquisa, chegou-se a 171 citações a serem analisadas, sendo 105 extraídas dos planos de governo e 66 dos posts do Facebook. Pretende-se verificar (1) de que modo as pautas relativas a direitos humanos, legado da ditadura e violência foram mobilizadas nas campanhas; (2) quais as similaridades ou os distanciamentos entre os posicionamentos dos três candidatos sobre os temas; (3) se os diferentes formatos proporcionam modos distintos de abordagem.
Problems in the Assessment of Large-Scale Projects
Authors: Gluschenko K. P.
Published: December 2019

This paper analyzes problems revealed by practice of implementation of large-scale projects (megaprojects). It discusses features of large-scale projects, namely, their impact on the whole economy and high uncertainty regarding conditions of their implementation, as well as possibilities of the standard approach to assessing social efficiency of investment projects to adequately take account of these features. Some ways to solve the problems under consideration are proposed.
Economic Development of Russia in the Context of European and Central Asian Countries
Authors: Smirnov V. V. , Mulendeeva A. V.
Published: December 2019

The article presents and discusses the results of the study aimed at carrying out complex analysis of the dynamics of economy of European and Central Asian countries and identification of supra-country forms of economic development of Russia. The study is based on the system approach using the methods of statistical, cluster and nonparametric analysis. The relevance of the study was justified; the retrospective of international scientific and technological cooperation between European and Central Asian countries was considered. Stability regarding Austria and Belgium was revealed following the assessment of the dynamics of economic growth of European and Central Asian countries. Russia, with low density of the population, is close to the country group with sustainable growth by the rate of unemployment, and far behind by GDP per capita. Russia is in the cluster with Germany, the interest of the latter is focused on Armenia and Kazakhstan. Substantial risks of recession emerging in Germany could have a negative impact on the development of Russian economy. The dynamics of economic development of European and Central Asian countries is caused by the differences in the population density and number of various minerals.Taking stand between the excessive potential of European knowledge (technologies) and minerals of Central Asia, Russia can create a supra-country form of development capable of ensuring stably high economic growth rates without using own minerals.The conclusions and results of the study may be highly sought by state authorities in the process of selection and justification of the supra-country forms of development of Russian economy in the context of international cooperation with European and Central Asian countries.
Analysis of Structure and Efficiency of State Support of Agriculture of Orenburg Region
Authors: Shevrina E. V. , Afanasyev V. N.
Published: December 2019

The development of agriculture largely depends on the creation of favorable state economic conditions, including in the form of state support for rural producers. The paper analyzes the results of state support of farmers of the Orenburg region over the past three years. In the Orenburg region, there is a decrease in state support. The downward trend has caused negative performance of agricultural enterprises. State support for the livestock industry has decreased.The experience of previous years has shown the need for public investment in animal husbandry. Crop production in the region absorbs half of public funds. In our opinion, crop production of the Orenburg region copes for a long period without the participation of the state. Due to underfunding of livestock in the region, the third part of agricultural organizations in the region is unprofitable. In 2018, the index of agricultural production decreased by ten percentage points compared to 2017. Research in the work, the structure of public investment, is of scientific interest, and the conclusions drawn are of practical importance for the regulation and management of state support. This is important not only for agriculture in the Orenburg region, but also for agricultural production in other regions of the Russian Federation.The increase in state investments in crop production in the regions of the Russian Federation speaks about the imperfection of land relations. Most of the rural producers work on leased land. Public finances settle with landowners, most often at the helm of state power or criminals.
Basic Models of Economic Systems Behavior in the Risk – Income Dimension
Authors: Likhutin P. N. , Alekseev M. A.
Published: December 2019

The institutionalization of public and private interests forms the framework for the functioning of economic systems and intersystem interactions. The indicated interactions are considered in the paradigm «subject – polysubjective environment».The main mechanisms coordinating economic adaptation interactions are hierarchies and market organizations. The existing theoretical ideas about the economic organization of environments on the basis of an institutional approach to resolving the existing contradiction between public and private encounter a number of problems associated with the insufficient study of issues of group and intergroup interaction in a polysubjective environment and the assessment of the corresponding economic effect. The article considers the development of the concept of robust management based on the universal laws of evolutionary development of economic organizations. Studies are aimed at revealing other forms of economic organization and the evolutionary nature of interactions in the process of transitions from one economic organization to another. The proposed «polysubjects – polysubjective environment» paradigm takes into account and reflects the behavior of market participants in intersystem interaction and the emergence of intra- and intergroup reflexive processes, which fundamentally distinguishes it from the existing «subject – polysubjective environment» paradigm. Accordingly, problems related to the inaccessibility of confidential information related to the activities of groups, where analysis must be carried out on the basis of publicly available information, require resolution. The necessity of developing a methodological approach to the analysis of group and intergroup interaction in a polysubjective environment and the corresponding methodological tools is substantiated.The evolutionary nature of interactions in the context of a «polysubjects – polysubjective environment» is determined by a model aimed at the analytical study of the relationships of a polysubject and a polysubjective environment, based on ideas about robust stability, in the form of specific mathematical dependencies and relationships that are subject to additional analytical research. Within the framework of the model approach, conclusions are expected to be consistent with the empirical facts of the functioning of economic subject – polysubjects in conjunction with a polysubjective environment.
Identification of peri-prostatic neurovascular fibers before and after radical prostatectomy by means of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with clinical correlations: initial experience
Authors: SIRACUSANO SALVATORE , PORCARO ANTONIO B. , TAFURI ALESSANDRO , TALAMINI RENATO , CYBULSKI ADAM J.
Published: December 2019

Aim: To evaluate if Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is able to detect morphological changes of peri-prostatic neurovascular fibers (PNF) before and after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and if these changes are related to urinary incontinence (UI) and erectile dysfunction (ED).

Materials and methods: From October 2014 and August 2017 26 patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer underwent prostatic multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) including DTI sequencing before and six months after, RARP. Images were analyzed by placing six regions of interest (ROI) respectively at the base, mid-gland and apex, one for each side, to obtain tractography reconstruction of the PNF. Patients were asked to complete an International Consultation Incontinence Questionnaire – Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaires before RARP and 6 months postoperatively. Fractional anisotropy (FA), number (N) and length (L) of PNF before and after RARP were compared by means of Student's t-test; Spearman test was used to evaluate the correlation between DTI parameters and questionnaires scores. We observed a significant difference in N values before and after RARP (p<0.001) and a negative correlation between IIEF-5 score and post-operative FA values at both the right (rho=-0.42; p= 0.0456) and left (rho=- 0.66; p=0.0006) base of the prostate. DTI with tractography of PNF is able to detect quantitative changes in N, L and FA values in PNF after RARP. In particular we observed an inverse correlation between FA of PNF and ED at 6 months after RARP. Further investigations are needed to confirm this trend.
Clase, política y mercado en el siglo XIX. Un comentario a Paisanos itinerantes. Orden estatal y experiencia subalterna en Buenos Aires durante la era de Rosas
Authors: Hora Roy
Published: December 2019

Este ensayo discute la contribución de Paisanos itinerantes. Orden estatal y experiencia subalterna en Buenos Aires durante la era de Rosas, de Ricardo Salvatore, al estudio de la historia de las clases populares argentinas del siglo XIX. En particular, explora de qué modo este importante trabajo concibe la relación entre las clases subalternas, el mercado y el orden político, y lo contrasta con otras aproximaciones. Finalmente, pone de relieve sus fortalezas y señala algunos de sus aspectos problemáticos.
Re-pensando Paisanos itinerantes. Respuesta a los comentarios de G. Davies, J. Farberman y R. Hora
Authors: Salvatore Ricardo D.
Published: December 2019

Ensayo analítico que nuclea el debate en torno al libro de Ricardo Salvatore (2018) Paisanos itinerantes. Orden estatal y experiencia subalterna en Buenos Aires durante la era de Rosas. Buenos Aires: Prometeo. Se ofrecen algunas reflexiones en torno a la obra y notas críticas sobre los comentarios de Geraldine Davies Lenoble, Judith Farberman y Roy Hora.
Sobre las ruinas del futuro: científicos en la ficción argentina de la última década
Authors: De Rosso Ezequiel
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo plantea la hipótesis de que en la literatura argentina de la última década la investigación científica ocupa un lugar de privilegio solo comparable al lugar que ocupó a fin del siglo XIX. A partir de un trabajo sobre Informe sobre ectoplasma animal, de Roque Larraquy y Diego Ontivero, de El archivo del honorable Doctor Rudolf Wolgang Gerhard, de Pablo Marquevichi y de Las constelaciones oscuras, de Pola Oloixarac se propone que la novedad de estos textos se relaciona con una nueva configuración disciplinar de la ficción.
Y si sólo tu indiferencia hemos de merecer… Los lectores, el gros public y la Revista Moderna
Authors: Rodríguez González Yliana
Published: December 2019

En este artículo me propongo explorar las posibilidades de lectura y la índole de los lectores que encuentro en Revista Moderna (RM), en su primera época (1898-1903), a partir de tres nociones fundamentales: la petite revue, como fenómeno mediático de fin de siglo que la define en formato y circulación; el “nosotros”, que alude a una colectividad, reivindicada y asumida por el impreso y que suma lo mismo a redactores que a lectores y, por último, la endogamia literaria como práctica escritural-lectora que se verifica en la Revista. Los indicios materiales y algunas noticias a propósito de la primera recepción son tomados en cuenta para alcanzar conclusiones al respecto.
Contornos diluidos: cientificismo y literatura en la Revista Moderna
Authors: Zavala Díaz Ana Laura
Published: December 2019

En el presente artículo se intenta mostrar el uso ideológico que los fundadores de la Revista Moderna (1898-1903) hicieron tanto de su relación con científicos cercanos al gobierno de Porfirio Díaz, como del discurso positivista dominante entre estas esferas, con el fin de legitimar su participación en la lucha por el poder literario y cultural.

La irrupción de la segunda generación modernista —la de los autodenominados decadentes— en la escena literaria del México finisecular suscitó una serie de acaloradas polémicas, que enfrentó a los jóvenes allegados a esa tendencia estética con los defensores del nacionalismo costumbrista, todavía vigente en ese momento. Después de años de disputas, en las páginas de la Revista Moderna, los editores se valieron de dichas relaciones con el ámbito científico no solo para contrarrestar los argumentos de sus adversarios y “nacionalizar” el Modernismo, sino también para convertir su publicación en una de las principales voceras de ese movimiento a nivel continental. El pacto inicial con ese sector y con sus prácticas discursivas, sin embargo, generaron fuertes tensiones que, finalmente, se resolvieron en favor de la supremacía de la literatura en aquel impreso.
Relationship between Extrinsic Motivations and Career Sustainability among Travel and Tour Company Employees
Authors: Kipkosgei Dr. Bitok
Published: December 2019

Extrinsic rewards remain significant for employees, although their effect on career sustainability, especially among the tours and travel company employees, is still missing in research. This study was carried out in Mombasa County, located in the South-Eastern part of the Coastal region of Kenya. It utilizes a mixed-methods design comprising of a combination of qualitative and quantitative research components. From a total population of 2800 employees in the travel and tour companies, this study used proportionate sampling to select respondents comprised of 20 finance officers, 92 marketing officers, 46 operations officers, and 192 driver or tour guides formed the sample size. The study uses Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis to test the significant relationships between extrinsic motivation and career sustainability. There was a positive relationship between extrinsic motivations and career sustainability [r = .615, n = 346, p<.05]. The findings indicated that extrinsic motivation factors with major contributions to career sustainability included good working relationships with bosses, employment security, as well as salary and medical schemes. The study recommends that tour operators and travel agent companies should communicate and leverage on good working relationships between employees and the supervisors of the organization in order to foster and reap more benefits from employee career sustainability.
Copaiba Oral Hydrogel for Oral Mucositis Control - Search Note
Authors: Lacerda Vidal Aurora Karla de , de Souza Mayara Larissa Moura , de Macêdo Thuanny Silva , de Melo Maria Cecília Freire , Cavalcante Juliana Oliveira , de Araújo Maria Gabriela Cavalcanti , de Melo Júnior Bartolomeu Cavalcanti , Mendes Matos Fátima Cristina , Campos Thiers Araújo , dos Santos Whanderson Falcão , Silva Barud Hernane da , Machado Giovanna , de Melo Janaína Viana , Cassilhas Ana Paula Pimentel , da Silva Teresinha Gonçalves
Published: December 2019

Oral mucositis is a common and debilitating consequence of cancer patients undergoing antineoplastic treatment. There is no consensus on the most appropriate treatment for this condition. The best protocol to use should. consider each patient's specific needs and cost-effectiveness of treatment. Copaiba oil is a low-cost herbal medicine with scientifically proven anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, antitumor,and healing action.
İslâm Savaş Hukûkunda Nefîr-i Âmm (Genel Seferberlik)
Authors: BUĞDA Alimcan
Published: December 2019

İslâm savaş hukukunda cihâd konusu içinde önemli konumu teşkil eden nefîr-i âmm, İslam hukukçularının “Cihâd, Siyer ve el-Ahkâmu’s-Sultâniyye” gibi başlıklar altında inceledikleri önemli bir kavramdır. Prensip olarak barışı tercih ve teşvik eden İslâm dini savaşa ancak zorunlu ve gerekli durumlarda izin vermektedir. Âlimler, Kur’ân ve Sünnetten yola çıkarak Cihâd ve Nefîr-i âmm ilânı için birtakım şartlar ve durumlar belirlemişlerdir. Türkçede “seferberlik” kavramına karşılık gelen “nefîr” terimi, devlet başkanının nefîr-i âmm (genel seferberlik) ilan etmesiyle, Cihâd’ın farz-ı kifâye olan türünden farz-ı ayin olan türüne dönüşür. Bu ilân neticesinde Müslüman toplum, kadını-erkeği, çocuğu-ihtiyarı, fakiri-zengini, kısacası tüm fertleri ile söz konusu genel seferberliğe iştirak etmek ve üzerine düşen vazifeyi yapmak zorundadır. İlk örneği Hz. Peygamber zamanında gerçekleştirilen Tebük seferinde görülen nefîr-i âmm’a, Müslümanlar tarihi süreçte zorlu ve zorunlu savaşlar ile sıkıntılı durumlarda başvurulmuştur.
Hadîsler Çerçevesinde Îsârın Tasnifine Dair Yeni Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: HOŞAB Fahri
Published: December 2019

Îsâr, Kur’an
ve hadîslerde methedilen yüksek hasletlerdendir. Bu haslet, Hz. Peygamber’de en
üst seviyede bulunmaktaydı. Sahabe de Allah’ın Resûlü’nü örnek alarak bazı hâdiselerde veya gerekli hâllerde îsârı
yaşamışlardır. Îsâr üzerine yapılan ilmî çalışmalar, onu klasik ve yaygın bir
tasnifle “mal ile îsâr” ve “can ile îsâr” şeklinde ele almaktadır. Konu ile
ilgili hadîsler dikkate alındığında söz konusu tasnifin yetersiz kaldığı
gözlenmektedir. Zira hadîs kaynaklarında yer alan îsâr ile ilgili rivayetler,
bu tasnifin muhtevası dışında kalan farklı beyan, fiil ve hâlleri de ihtiva
etmektedir. Îsâra dair yeni ve şümullü bir tasnifin yapılması konunun ve
ehemmiyetinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayabilecek bir husustur.
The Effect Of Cryogenic Application On Parallel Fiber Pressure Resistance Of Thermowood-Treated Sorbus Torminalis
Authors: AYTİN Ayhan
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to analyze the possible changes in
the pressure resistance values parallel to the fibers(CS) by subjecting
heat-treated wood to sub-zero temperatures. Within the scope of the study, test
specimens were first prepared by applying thermowood heat treatment at 190 and
212 °C for 1 h to samples of wild service tree wood (Sorbus torminalis). Both
the heat-treated samples along with untreated control samples were then kept at
-80 °C for 6. 18 and 54 h to obtain the test specimens. When compared to the
control samples. Test results showed a difference in the parallel fiber
pressure resistance of the heat-treated test specimens held at -80 °C and the
values were seen as very positive, especially with the 6-h and 18-h
applications. The CS resistance values of the control samples and the heat
treated samples as N/mm2 at 190 and 212 °C for 1 h were respectively
56.12, 69.28 and 62.12 for initial; 51.38, 73.25 and 80.55 for 6 h; 50.31,
72.82 and 75.66 for 18 h; 55.85, 60.19 and 62.14 for 54 h.
MANAJEMEN USAHA DAN KEMANDIRIAN EKONOMI PESANTREN
Authors: Djuwairiyah  , Wisri
Published: December 2019

The progress of Islamic boarding school education can also be proven by the development of student character. It is not uncommon to find competitions held in Islamic boarding schools, both races among students of Islamic boarding schools, competitions at the village, sub-district, district, provincial and national levels. The success of the Islamic Boarding School education system is certainly based on reasons. Many factors are the basis of the success of santriwati santriwati in Islamic boarding schools, not only in terms of academics but also in the formation of their character. These factors are also the main attraction of Islamic boarding school.

This study uses qualitative research methods because the intent of the author's research is to know the analysis of Business Management and Economic Independence Nurul Haromain Islamic Boarding School Lembuak Village Narmada District West Lombok Regency. Based on data exposure and discussion of business unit management at Nurul Haramain Islamic Boarding School above, there are a number of points that can be concluded: 1. Nurul Haramain Islamic Boarding School has 14 types of businesses engaged in different fields. The overall management process of the business unit includes business design, Islamic boarding school business dynamics, business benefits and entrepreneurship ethics in Islam. The management model that is applied in the existing business units in Nurul Haromain Islamic Boarding School is the Planning, Organizing, Actuiting and Controlling model which is finally abbreviated to the POAC model. Supporting Factors: Willingness of alumni, guardians of students and sympathizers to help both in energy and mind when needed, the amount of trust and interest of consumers, good enough service and prices are relatively cheap. Inhibiting Factor: The lack of employees who occupy their fields and the existence of several business units in the pesantren complex, as a result the business cannot run properly
PRODUKTIFITAS PENGELOLAAN WAKAF DI KECAMATAN LICIN KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Ahmad Khoirin Andi
Published: December 2019

Wahbah Zuhaili said that Syari’ah principles is to realize the purpose of generation actually in creating happiness of individual and jama’ah, carrying out and cele brating the world with an infrastructures wich will present to proccess of the perfectness, kindness, wifure and civiitation. The purpose of reserch is to know on how the productivity practice in managing wakaf wealth in Licin Sub district, Banyuwangi Regency.
KONSEP SADD Al-DZARÎ’AH DALAM PERSPEKTIF IBNU AL-QAYYIM AL-JAUZIYAH
Authors: Imam Fawaid
Published: December 2019

This Islamic law will continue to go along with the dynamics and changing of the era. The more complex real problems in society require fiqh experts to always be sensitive to reality. In producing the law, the jurists use various tools to produce laws that are in harmony with the benefit of mankind. This research is seen from the problems to be examined, the data collected is qualitative because it is in the form of thought, namely the conception of sadd al-dzarî'ah which was built by Islamic legal experts (fuqahâ 'and ushûliyyîn) in general and views on sadd al-dzarî'ah which was designed by Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jauziyah in his book I'lâm al-Muwaqqi'în. The concept of al-Dzarî'ah according to Ibn al-Qayyim can be used as an argument to establish the law. While the legal provisions of al-Dzarî'ah follow its (purpose). If the Ghâyah is in the form of benefit, then al-Dzarî'ah is opened and permitted, whereas if the Ghâyah is in the form of mafsadat, then al-Dzarî'ah is closed and prevented. The latter is what is called Sadd al-Dzarî'ah. For Ibn al-Qayyim Sadd al-Dzarî'ah, it can be used as an argument in determining the law because many texts of the Koran and Sunnah practice the concept of Sadd al-Dzarî'ah. Implicitly, these texts have legalized Sadd al-Dzarî'ah. However, if the practice in the field of Sadd al-Dzarî'ah is contrary to maslahat or hâjat, then Sadd al-Dzarî'ah is defeated. Benefits and hâjat are prioritized more than Sadd al-Dzarî'ah.
DISKURSUS BAHASA TUHAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF STRUKTURALISME LINGUISTIK MODERN
Authors: Tauhedi As'ad  , Munif Shaleh
Published: December 2019

God's language is not reached by human nature because God's language enters the parole area which cannot be verified, because parole language is God's revelation that cannot be intervened by the human language system. This model, is very new to be continued in the approach of Islamic studies, especially modern linguistic studies developed by Ferinand De Sausure, then by Paul Ricouer as the post structuralist father. However, if you re-understand the language of God in the perspective of modern linguistics as an approach in Islamic thought, then there is a problem that is addressed, namely the existence of God's Revelation which wraps into Arabic, then the corpus is formalized as a manuscript written by humans. Then God's revelation will lose the existence of authority as the owner of the message of revelation so that the Koran that is read now by all Muslims is no longer sacred and authentic. This is the revelation imprisoned by Arabic as the Ottoman Manuscripts.
The problem of mismatches between CT scan and DXA results
Authors: Bokov A. E. , Mlyavykh S. G. , Bulkin A. A. , Aleynik A. Y. , Rasteryeva M. V.
Published: December 2019

Background. It is reported that radiodensity measured in Hounsfield units becomes more and more popular in bone property assessment, however also mismatch with DXA results is observed.

Purpose. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationships between the results of DXA and CT with a focus on explanations for observed discrepancies.

Material and methods. This is a cross-sectional study; forty patients were enrolled, all patients underwent DXA and CT. A bone mineral density BMD (g/cm2 ) was calculated for each vertebra of a lumbar spine (L1-L4 inclusive), neck, upper neck, shaft, Wards triangle and trochanter of hip. Bone radiodensity in HU was taken from each vertebral body in the sagittal, axial and coronal planes. A total vertebra body radiodensity including cortical bone and radiodensity of only cancellous bone were calculated. To assess a potential impact on DXA and CT data agreement a mean radiodensity and square of the right and left vertebral pedicles and facet joints were measured for each vertebra.

Results. A strong correlation between BMD measured using DXA and CT data was estimated with a multiply r accounting for 0,84169, p<0,0001, however the most contributing parameters were those calculated for facet joints. It has been detected that both radiodensity of only a cancellous bone and total have a weak correlation with matching BMD measurements of a proximal femur.

Conclusion. The results of DXA could be strongly influenced by hypertrophic changes of facet joints. Both CT and DXA measurements taken from a lumbar spine may have a mismatch with figures taken from hip.
Analysis and methods of prevention of cranial nerves injury during carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Matyushkin A. V. , Mustafin A. Kh.
Published: December 2019

Aim. CEAE is an effective method of ischemic stroke prevention. However, as any invasive treatment method, CEAE is associated with a risk of complications in the early and late postoperative periods. One of the possible complications is intraoperative injury of cranial nerves.

Material and methods. From 2008 to 2014 in the department of vascular surgery in Pletnev City Hospital in Moscow, 172 patients with hemodynamically significant ICA stenosis who suffered ischemic stroke or TIA underwent surgery.

Results. In the early postoperative period, 7 episodes of cranial nerve injury (4.0%) were detected. The following cranial nerves were most often damaged during surgery: the terminal branches of the facial nerve (VII), the hypoglossus nerve (XII), the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), and the vagus nerve (X). Injuries were associated with coagulation damage or compression of nerves. In one case, the intersection of the hypoglossus nerve was recorded. In all cases except this one, nerve damage was reversible.

Conclusion. It is impossible to avoid cranial nerves injury during carotid endarterectomy. However, the number of such complications can be reduced by the measures described in this article.
Biliary decompression in patients with obstructive jaundice
Authors: Korobka V. L. , Tolstopyatov S. V. , Dabliz R. O. , Shapovalov A. M.
Published: December 2019

Aim. Evaluation of the biliary tract decompression methods and their use results, in patients with obstructive jaundice of various etiologies on the basis of our own clinical material.

Material and Methods. A retrospective analysis of the biliary tract drain results in 6935 patients with obstructive jaundice with benign and tumor etiology. In 87% cases there was B Class of obstructive jaundice. In 93% we observed mild (A Class) obstructive jaundice. For the biliary tract drainage we used laparoscopic or open surgical access. The retrograde drain we used in sixty-seven percent cases with obstructive jaundice B Class. In sixty-six percent cases of obstructive jaundice C Class, we used antegrade drain.

Results. The biliary decompression was effective in 98%. Regarding the rate and timing of bilirubin reduction, all the applied methods showed a similar result, however, the greatest number of complications and fatalities we recorded in patients after antegrade percutaneous drain of the biliary tract and transabdominal access. In 36% the performed interventions became the final treatment option, and the sixty-one percent of patients underwent two-stage treatment. The overall mortality rate was 3%.

Conclusion. The use of percutaneous drainage is justified for obstructive jaundice with tumor origin, and possible radical surgical treatment. Transabdominal access drainage for benign etiology of obstructive jaundice in compensated patients can be safely used. Transduodenal endoscopic drain is an alternative to other methods biliary tract drain in severe and medium obstructive jaundice of benign etiology. The same drain method can be used for drainage of biliary tract in patients with tumors of the hepatopancreatobiliary zone organs, as a palliative treatment.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of surfactant-associated protein in fibrosis-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Golubinskaya E. P. , Filonenko T. G. , Ermola Y. A. , Kubishkin A. V. , Kalfa M. A. , Kramar T. V. , Geraschenko A. V.
Published: December 2019

Background. Despite the progress and development of scientific directions in various fields of medicine, the problem of tuberculosis and its morphological manifestations remains relevant and is not fully disclosed due to complex pathogenesis, the presence of various clinical forms, therapeutic pathomorphosis, torpid to therapy, the presence of relapses. It is known that a surfactant system occupies a special place in the system of local lung protection.

Aim. To study the condition of surfactant-assotiated protein A in the foci of specific destruction and in the surrounding intact lung tissue to assess its functional status, degree of respiratory failure and possible dissemination of tuberculous inflammation.

Material and Metods. An analysis of 163 lung fragments of the dead or operated on for cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis with active bacterial excretion of 89 fragments and with clinical abacilation – 74 was carried out. Results A morphological study revealed stereotypical dynamic depression of surfactant-associated protein A in all the samples studied, both in the areas of cavernous destruction and pericavernouse zone, and in intact lung tissue. The maximum intensivity of the immunohistochemical expression of this surfactant protein was recorded in the alveolar macrophages, which indicated intensive recycling and utilization of the components of the surfactant.

Conclusion. Minimizing the production of surfactant components and its active utilization in intact lung tissue leads to a collapse of the alveoli with subsequent progression of respiratory failure.
Ways of solving diagnostic problems caused by nocturia in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Kogan M. I. , Medvedev V. L. , Mikhailov I. V. , Shornikov P. V. , Efremov M. E.
Published: December 2019

Relevance. Today LUTS cause a lot of complexity and misunderstanding among doctors and patients. Among the symptoms, nocturia is the most difficult to interpret. Nocturia affects a significant part of the population, especially in older age groups. Currently, there are no data on the ratio of nocturia in various diseases of neurological etiology which are manifested by nocturia. Nocturia can be classified only according to urination diaries: diurnal polyuria, nocturnal polyuria, decreased bladder capacity, sleep disorders, and circadian rhythm disorders. Nocturia is also classified by degree of severity: mild severity from 1 to 3 episodes of nocturnal urination and severe when the number of nocturnal awakenings for urination is more than 3.

Objective. To prove the effectiveness of the analysis of additional data on the daily diary of urination, together with the determination of the specific gravity of urine in the daytime and at night in patients with nocturia.

Material and methods. Two hundred eleven male patients were examined, with nocturia from 1 to 6 times and with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The average age of the patients was 71 ± 4.7 years, the age interval of patients ranged from 50 to 84 years. the presence of symptoms of the lower urinary tract (LUTS), the total score on the I-PSS scale> 21, an indicator of the quality of life index QOL> 3, the maximum flow rate of urine (Qmax)> 10ml / s, residual urine volume (OOM) <150 ml.

Discussions. The lack of improvement in urination disorders and the inability to determine the type of nocturia led to an in-depth analysis of urination diaries taking into account the duration of night sleep, determination of night and day diuresis, and also, features of deviation of the urine specific gravity at night. Together with one of the days of urination diary filling, it was recommended to perform a urinalysis according to Zimnitsky. In 4 (1.8%) patients, daily polyuria with diuresis of more than 40 ml / kg per day was determined. One hundred thirty-nine (65.8%) people had nocturnal polyuria with a predominance of nocturnal diuresis of 1.8 ± 0.8 ml / min. over daytime 1.32 ± 0.3 ml / min. A decrease in bladder capacity was detected in 56 (26.5%) male patients. Twelve (5.6%) patients had various sleep disorders, which was the reason for their awakening.

Findings. An in-depth analysis of urination diary data, including information on the duration of sleep and the determination of the circadian rhythm of the specific gravity of urine, is the key to successfully determining the cause of nocturia, especially in patients with nocturnal polyuria.
Bilateral pheochromocytoma and a tumor of the jejunum with neurofibromatosis of type 1
Authors: Petrik G. G. , Kosmacheva E. D. , Butaeva S. V. , Shevchenko M. I. , Sokolova D. V. , Sokolova A. S.
Published: December 2019

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a hereditary disease with the high frequency of neuroendocrine tumors. This article represents a clinical case of the diagnosed NF1 in a 40-year old patient with the history of bilateral pheocromocytoma and malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the jejunum. Clinical diagnosis NF1 was suspected on the basis of the typical skin manifestations.The timely diagnosis of NF1 has practical significance as it enables physicians persistently search for neuroendocrine lesions in a such cohort of patients.