bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for the Development of Fistulae and Stenoses in Crohn Disease Patients in the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort
Authors: Zeitz Jonas , Fournier Nicolas , Labenz Christian , Biedermann Luc , Frei Pascal , Misselwitz Benjamin , Scharl Sylvie , Vavricka Stephan R. , Sulz Michael C. , Fried Michael , Rogler Gerhard , Scharl Michael ,   for the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study Group
Published: February 2017

Background: Fistulae and stenoses represent frequent and severe complications in patients with Crohn disease (CD). Our study aimed to identify risk factors for fistula and stenosis formation in CD patients. Summary: We retrieved data of 1,600 CD patients from the nationwide Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study (SIBDCS). The risk for fistulae and stenoses in relation to gender, age at diagnosis, smoking status at diagnosis, and ileal involvement at diagnosis were analyzed. In the multivariate analysis, female gender showed a lower risk for developing perianal and any fistula (risk ratio [RR] 0.721, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.582-0.893, p = 0.003 and RR 0.717, 95% CI 0.580-0.888, p = 0.002, respectively), and older age at diagnosis showed a lower risk for developing perianal fistula (RR 0.661, 95% CI 0.439-0.995, p = 0.047). Furthermore, ileal involvement was associated with a lower risk for perianal fistula (RR 0.713, 95% CI 0.561-0.906, p = 0.006), a lower risk for any fistula (RR 0.709, 95% CI 0.558-0.901, p = 0.005), and a higher risk for stenosis (RR 2.170, 95% CI 1.728-2.725, p < 0.001). Key Messages: In the nationwide SIBDCS, younger age at diagnosis and male gender were risk factors for developing perianal and nonperianal fistulae. Additionally, ileal involvement was revealed to be a potent risk factor (RR 2.170) for developing a stenosis.
Transintestinal and Biliary Cholesterol Secretion Both Contribute to Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Rats—Brief Report
Authors: de Boer Jan Freark , Schonewille Marleen , Dikkers Arne , Koehorst Martijn , Havinga Rick , Kuipers Folkert , Tietge Uwe J.F. , Groen Albert K.
Published: February 2017

Objective—

Reverse cholesterol transport comprises efflux of cholesterol from macrophages and its subsequent removal from the body with the feces and thereby protects against formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Because of lack of suitable animal models that allow for evaluation of the respective contributions of biliary cholesterol secretion and transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE) to macrophage reverse cholesterol transport under physiological conditions, the relative importance of both pathways in this process has remained controversial.

Approach and Results—

To separate cholesterol traffic via the biliary route from TICE, bile flow was mutually diverted between rats, continuously, for 3 days. Groups of 2 weight-matched rats were designated as a pair, and both rats were equipped with cannulas in the bile duct and duodenum. Bile from rat 1 was diverted to the duodenum of rat 2, whereas bile from rat 2 was rerouted to the duodenum of rat 1. Next, rat 1 was injected with [
3
H]cholesterol-loaded macrophages. [
3
H]Cholesterol secreted via the biliary route was consequently diverted to rat 2 and could thus be quantified from the feces of that rat. On the other hand, [
3
H]cholesterol tracer in the feces of rat 1 reflected macrophage-derived cholesterol excreted via TICE. Using this setup, we found that 63% of the label secreted with the fecal neutral sterols had travelled via the biliary route, whereas 37% was excreted via TICE.

Conclusions—

TICE and biliary cholesterol secretion contribute to macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in rats. The majority of macrophage-derived cholesterol is however excreted via the hepatobiliary route.
Large Vessel Occlusion Scales Increase Delivery to Endovascular Centers Without Excessive Harm From Misclassifications
Authors: Zhao Henry , Coote Skye , Pesavento Lauren , Churilov Leonid , Dewey Helen M. , Davis Stephen M. , Campbell Bruce C.V.
Published: February 2017

Background and Purpose—

Clinical large vessel occlusion (LVO) triage scales were developed to identify and bypass LVO to endovascular centers. However, there are concerns that scale misclassification of patients may cause excessive harm. We studied the settings where misclassifications were likely to occur and the consequences of these misclassifications in a representative stroke population.

Methods—

Prospective data were collected from consecutive ambulance-initiated stroke alerts at 2 stroke centers, with patients stratified into typical (LVO with predefined severe syndrome and non-LVO without) or atypical presentations (opposite situations). Five scales (Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation [RACE], Los Angeles Motor Scale [LAMS], Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination [FAST-ED], Prehospital Acute Stroke Severity scale [PASS], and Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Severity Scale [CPSSS]) were derived from the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scored by doctors and analyzed for diagnostic performance compared with imaging.

Results—

Of a total of 565 patients, atypical presentations occurred in 31 LVO (38% of LVO) and 50 non-LVO cases (10%). Most scales correctly identified >95% of typical presentations but <20% of atypical presentations. Misclassification attributable to atypical presentations would have resulted in 4 M1/internal carotid artery occlusions, with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥6 (5% of LVO) being missed and 9 non-LVO infarcts (5%) bypassing the nearest thrombolysis center.

Conclusions—

Atypical presentations accounted for the bulk of scale misclassifications, but the majority of these misclassifications were not detrimental, and use of LVO scales would significantly increase timely delivery to endovascular centers, with only a small proportion of non-LVO infarcts bypassing the nearest thrombolysis center. Our findings, however, would require paramedics to score as accurately as doctors, and this translation is made difficult by weaknesses in current scales that need to be addressed before widespread adoption.
Pictorial Statistics Following the Vienna Method
Authors: Neurath Otto
Published: February 2017

This text introduces a programmatic text of Otto Neurath on the educational use of the method of pictorial statistics. Neurath emphasizes the importance of a visual method to transfer scientific knowledge to popular audiences. At the same time, his Vienna Method attempts to adapt the popular educational strategy to an increasingly visual modernity. The specific educational interest of Neurath's Vienna Method consists in political education, in transferring basic knowledge about the general structure and dominant developments of society. His program thus echoes his contemporaries’ debates on the possibilities of social realism. To understand the historical significance of Neurath the introductory text accentuates three lines of possible discussion. It points out the importance of Neurath's visual pedagogy for the tradition of contemporary discussions around the so-called Bildwissenschaften. It also contextualizes Neurath's visual pedagogy in the Austrian tradition of Second International Social Democracy and in the context of the philosophical debates of the Vienna circle. Against this double historical background, the text eventually tries to understand the educational achievements and political pitfalls of Neurath's attempt to represent general societal developments visually.
Ice Multiplication by Breakup in Ice–Ice Collisions. Part I: Theoretical Formulation
Authors: Phillips Vaughan T. J. , Yano Jun-Ichi , Khain Alexander
Published: February 2017

For decades, enhancement of ice concentrations above those of active ice nucleus aerosols was observed in deep clouds with tops too warm for homogeneous freezing, indicating fragmentation of ice (multiplication). Several possible mechanisms of fragmentation have been suggested from laboratory studies, and one of these involves fragmentation in ice–ice collisions.

In this two-part paper, the role of breakup in ice–ice collisions in a convective storm consisting of many cloud types is assessed with a modeling approach. The colliding ice particles can belong to any microphysical species, such as crystals, snow, graupel, hail, or freezing drops.

In the present study (Part I), a full physical formulation of initiation of cloud ice by mechanical breakup in collisions involving snow, graupel, and/or hail is developed based on an energy conservation principle. Theoretically uncertain parameters are estimated by simulating laboratory and field experiments already published in the literature. Here, collision kinetic energy (CKE) is the fundamental governing variable of fragmentation in any collision, because it measures the energy available for breakage by work done to create the new surface of fragments.

The developed formulation is general in the sense that it includes all the types of fragmentation observed in previous published studies and encompasses collisions of either snow or crystals with graupel/hail, collisions among only graupel/hail, and collisions among only snow/crystals. It explains the observed dependencies on CKE, size, temperature, and degree of prior riming.
The Stability of Mars’s Annular Polar Vortex
Authors: Seviour William J. M. , Waugh Darryn W. , Scott Richard K.
Published: February 2017

The Martian polar atmosphere is known to have a persistent local minimum in potential vorticity (PV) near the winter pole, with a region of high PV encircling it. This finding is surprising, since an isolated band of PV is barotropically unstable, a result going back to Rayleigh. Here the stability of a Mars-like annular vortex is investigated using numerical integrations of the rotating shallow-water equations. The mode of instability and its growth rate is shown to depend upon the latitude and width of the annulus. By introducing thermal relaxation toward an annular equilibrium profile with a time scale similar to that of the instability, a persistent annular vortex with similar characteristics as that observed in the Martian atmosphere can be simulated. This time scale, typically 0.5–2 sols, is similar to radiative relaxation time scales for Mars’s polar atmosphere. The persistence of an annular vortex is also shown to be robust to topographic forcing, as long as it is below a certain amplitude. It is therefore proposed that the persistence of this barotropically unstable annular vortex is permitted owing to the combination of short radiative relaxation time scales and relatively weak topographic forcing in the Martian polar atmosphere.
Comparing the Performance of Two Road Weather Models in the Netherlands
Authors: Karsisto Virve , Tijm Sander , Nurmi Pertti
Published: February 2017

High-quality road condition forecasts are a prerequisite for road authorities to ensure wintertime road safety. Harsh winter conditions can cause problems for traffic not only in countries where snowy winters are common but also in regions where the temperature drops below the freezing point occasionally. This study reports on the evaluation of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute’s (KNMI) new road weather forecasting model by comparing it with the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s (FMI) road weather model, both run for 321 Dutch road weather stations, four times daily (0300, 0900, 1500, and 2100 UTC) during the test period, 15 January–28 February 2015. Road surface temperature forecasts by both models were evaluated against observations. The KNMI model produced slightly more accurate forecasts than the FMI model. The main reason for the difference is probably due to the optimization of the physical properties of the KNMI model for the Netherlands, whereas the FMI model is designed for quite different Finnish wintertime meteorological conditions. However, in general the road surface temperature forecasts were of quite comparable quality.
Determination of Depth in Transmission Raman Spectroscopy in Turbid Media Using a Beam Enhancing Element
Authors: Vardaki Martha Z. , Sheridan Hannah , Stone Nicholas , Matousek Pavel
Published: February 2017

This study demonstrates experimentally a method to enable prediction of depth of a chemical species buried in a turbid medium by using transmission Raman spectroscopy alone. The method allows the prediction of the depth of a single, chemically distinct layer within a turbid matrix by performing two measurements, with and without a beam enhancing element, or “photon diode.” The samples employed consisted of two different polymers, of total thickness 3.6 mm, whose optical properties are loosely relevant to pharmaceutical applications. A polymer layer of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was placed at different positions within multiple layers of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix and Raman spectra were recorded in each case. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were utilized to determine whether the depth of the LDPE layer could be predicted using the obtained data. The best-achieved RMSE of prediction was 4.2% of the total sample size (i.e., +/− 0.15 mm) with the multivariate approach.
The Environmental Impact of Individual Behavior: Self-Assessment Versus the Ecological Footprint
Authors: Bleys Brent , Defloor Bart , Van Ootegem Luc , Verhofstadt Elsy
Published: February 2017

Are individuals able to self-assess the environmental impact of their behavior? To answer this question, we first analyze the different behavioral determinants of the ecological footprint (EF), an often used measure of an individual’s environmental impact. Second, we compare the individuals’ EF with self-assessments of their own environmental impact (self-assessed environmental sustainability [SAES]). We use survey data from Belgium and find that people are largely unaware of the environmental impact they have, as the correlation between the EF and the SAES is small. Finally, we find that SAES reflects, to a large extent, individuals’ attitudes toward the environment, whereas the EF is mainly explained by sociodemographic characteristics.
Effects of Valence on Hemispheric Specialization for Emotion Word Processing
Authors: Martin Jennifer M. , Altarriba Jeanette
Published: February 2017

The use of emotion in language is a key element of human interactions and a rich area for cognitive research. The present study examined reactions to words of five types: positive emotion (e.g., happiness), negative emotion (e.g., hatred), positive emotion-laden (e.g., blessing), negative emotion-laden (e.g., prison), and neutral (e.g., chance). Words and nonwords were intermixed in a lexical decision task using hemifield presentation. Results revealed a general left hemisphere advantage. Overall, reaction times for positive words were faster than for negative or neutral words and this effect varied by hemifield of presentation. These results support a valence hypothesis of specialized processing in the left hemisphere of the brain for positive emotions and the right hemisphere for negative emotions.
Community media and translocalism in Latin America: cultural production at a Mexican community radio station
Authors: Hayes Joy Elizabeth
Published: February 2017

This article investigates the role that community media play in the translocal negotiation of local culture in Latin America. Translocal is a concept that captures the way that local cultural producers engage with national and transnational forces in shaping everyday cultural practices. This study focuses on community radio station Ecos de Manantlán in Zapotitlán de Vadillo, Mexico (Radio Zapotitlán), during the years 2006–2012. Radio Zapotitlán is officially categorized as a campesino or agricultural laborer/peasant station and presents its campesino identity through radio and Internet content. Analyses of that content, along with interviews with station associates and listeners, reveal the complex cultural mediations between local media producers, national regulators, and transnational donors. This study investigates the local production of a transnationally funded radionovela, or radio soap opera, as a window onto the station’s role as a cultural mediator. This article argues that station participants used the radionovela to express local values and meanings and to marginalize the educational goals of the transnational agency funding the project. Radio Zapotitlán offers a concrete case of cultural negotiation in which local interests engage with – and transform – donor-funded content aimed at the local community.
Parks as Social and Cultural Spaces Among U.S.- and Foreign-Born Latinas
Authors: Munet-Vilaró Frances , Chase Sabrina Marie , Echeverria Sandra
Published: February 2017

Parks provide opportunities for people to engage in activities that can promote physical and emotional well-being. Using focus groups and personal interviews conducted in select neighborhoods of a Northeastern city with a high rate of obesity, we examined perceptions of barriers and facilitators regarding the use of parks and park features that would promote physical activity among Latina women ( N = 39). Foreign-born Latinas emphasized the environmental characteristics of parks and the types of amenities that can support preferred cultural and social activities, while U.S.-born Latinas emphasized the use of parks for physical activity and weight management. Most striking were the different ways in which foreign-born participants conceptualized parks as sociocultural family centers, extending more common conceptualizations centered on exercise or individual health gain. These findings suggest the need for new policies that incorporate culturally specific park programming to promote national goals of increasing levels of physical activity for health.
Building professional development opportunities in data services for academic librarians
Authors: Conrad Suzanna , Shorish Yasmeen , Whitmire Amanda L. , Hswe Patricia
Published: February 2017

Research data management represents a significant professional development area for academic librarians – significant for its growing importance to the profession, since researchers are increasingly expected to comply with research data management requirements, and for the extent of competence needed by librarians to support researchers in research data management practices and plans. This article recounts how the Association of College and Research Libraries is fostering professional development opportunities in research data management. The authors describe two key endeavors: (1) the development and deployment of a needs assessment survey, which allowed insight into the types of librarians expressing the most need; and (2) planning and implementation of a pre-conference workshop for ACRL 2015, intended to prototype a future professional development offering. The article concludes by discussing additional assessment that was done following the workshop and how the pre-conference laid the foundation for proposing a “roadshow” for research data management, similar to what the Association of College and Research Libraries sponsors for scholarly communication.
Lives on hold: A qualitative study of young refugees’ resilience strategies
Authors: Sleijpen Marieke , Mooren Trudy , Kleber Rolf J , Boeije Hennie R
Published: February 2017

Although the literature on positive adjustment following traumatic events is growing, only a few studies have examined this phenomenon in young refugees. Using the social-ecological framework, the aim of this study was to identify factors and processes that according to young refugees promote their resilience. A total of 16 treatment-seeking refugees aged 13–21 years, living in the Netherlands, were interviewed. Data analysis revealed four resilience strategies: (1) acting autonomously, (2) performing at school, (3) perceiving support from peers and parents, and (4) participating in the new society. These strategies interacted with one another and demonstrated the interrelatedness between individuals and their social context. Having to wait long for a residence permit and being older appeared to negatively influence participants’ resilience strategies. These findings suggest that resilience refers to a dynamic process that is context and time specific.
Fretting corrosion of CoCr alloy: Effect of load and displacement on the degradation mechanisms
Authors: Bryant Michael , Neville Anne
Published: February 2017

Fretting corrosion of medical devices is of growing concern, yet, the interactions between tribological and electrochemical parameters are not fully understood. Fretting corrosion of CoCr alloy was simulated, and the components of damage were monitored as a function of displacement and contact pressure. Free corrosion potential (Ecorr), intermittent linear polarisation resistance and cathodic potentiostatic methods were used to characterise the system. Interferometry was used to estimate material loss post rubbing. The fretting regime influenced the total material lost and the dominant degradation mechanism. At high contact pressures and low displacements, pure corrosion was dominant with wear and its synergies becoming more important as the contact pressure and displacement decreased and increased, respectively. In some cases, an antagonistic effect from the corrosion-enhanced wear contributor was observed suggesting that film formation and removal may be present. The relationship between slip mechanism and the contributors to tribocorrosion degradation is presented.
A regenerative approach towards recovering the mechanical properties of degenerated intervertebral discs: Genipin and platelet-rich plasma therapies
Authors: Nikkhoo Mohammad , Wang Jaw-Lin , Abdollahi Masoud , Hsu Yu-Chun , Parnianpour Mohamad , Khalaf Kinda
Published: February 2017

Degenerative disc disease, associated with discrete structural changes in the peripheral annulus and vertebral endplate, is one of the most common pathological triggers of acute and chronic low back pain, significantly depreciating an individual’s quality of life and instigating huge socioeconomic costs. Novel emerging therapeutic techniques are hence of great interest to both research and clinical communities alike. Exogenous crosslinking, such as Genipin, and platelet-rich plasma therapies have been recently demonstrated encouraging results for the repair and regeneration of degenerated discs, but there remains a knowledge gap regarding the quantitative degree of effectiveness and particular influence on the mechanical properties of the disc. This study aimed to investigate and quantify the material properties of intact (N = 8), trypsin-denatured (N = 8), Genipin-treated (N = 8), and platelet-rich plasma–treated (N = 8) discs in 32 porcine thoracic motion segments. A poroelastic finite element model was used to describe the mechanical properties during different treatments, while a meta-model analytical approach was used in combination with ex vivo experiments to extract the poroelastic material properties. The results revealed that both Genipin and platelet-rich plasma are able to recover the mechanical properties of denatured discs, thereby affording promising therapeutic modalities. However, platelet-rich plasma–treated discs fared slightly, but not significantly, better than Genipin in terms of recovering the glycosaminoglycans content, an essential building block for healthy discs. In addition to investigating these particular degenerative disc disease therapies, this study provides a systematic methodology for quantifying the detailed poroelastic mechanical properties of intervertebral disc.
Promises and reservations towards science and technology among South African publics: A culture-sensitive approach
Authors: Guenther Lars , Weingart Peter
Published: February 2017

Against the background that surveys measuring public perceptions of science and technology are often removed from cultural contexts and do not equally represent all regions of the world, this study investigated attitudes towards science and technology among different publics of the South African population. To apply a culture-sensitive approach, theoretical considerations of cultural distance were combined with methodological considerations of segmentation studies, and representative data ( n = 3183) were reanalysed. The findings show that six South African publics can be distinguished, and that – despite the fact that all publics see more promises of science than reservations – there tend to be sensitive differences between these publics. In the long run, such findings might help to make science communication more effective.
The pseudogene-derived long noncoding RNA SFTA1P is down-regulated and suppresses cell migration and invasion in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Hua , Xiong Yaqiong , Xia Rui , Wei Chenchen , Shi Xuefei , Nie Fengqi
Published: February 2017

Pseudogenes were once considered to be genomic fossils without biological function. Interestingly, recent evidence showed that a lot of pseudogenes are transcribed in human cancers, and their alterations contribute to multiple cancer development and progression. It is apparent that many pseudogenes transcribe noncoding RNAs and contribute to the role noncoding genome plays in human cancers. On this basis, some pseudogene transcripts are currently ranked among the classes of long noncoding RNAs. In this study, we identified a new pseudogene-derived long noncoding RNA termed SFTA1P by analyzing the microarray data of non–small cell lung cancer from Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. We found that SFTA1P expression was significantly decreased in non–small cell lung cancer tissues compared with normal tissues in non–small cell lung cancer microarray data. Moreover, decreased SFTA1P expression is only correlated with lung adenocarcinoma patients’ poor survival time but not with lung squamous cell carcinoma patients’ survival. In addition, gain-of-function studies including growth curves, migration, invasion assays, and in vivo studies were performed to verify the tumor suppressor role of SFTA1P in non–small cell lung cancer. Finally, the potential underlying pathways involved in SFTA1P were investigated by analyzing the SFTA1P-correlated genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas lung adenocarcinoma and normal tissues RNA sequencing data. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that pseudogene-derived long noncoding RNA SFTA1P exerts the tumor suppressor functions in human lung adenocarcinoma. Our investigation reveals the novel roles of pseudogene in lung adenocarcinoma, which may serve as a new target for lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis and therapy.
The Impact of Weight on Arthroscopic Osteochondral Talar Reconstruction
Authors: Usuelli Federico Giuseppe , Maccario Camilla , Ursino Chiara , Serra Nicola , D’Ambrosi Riccardo
Published: February 2017

Background:

The purpose of the study was to assess the functional and radiologic outcomes after AT-AMIC (arthroscopic talus autologous matrix–induced chondrogenesis) in 2 weight groups of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs): patients with BMI <25 (Healthy Weight Group [HG]) and with BMI ≥25 (Overweight Group [OG]).

Methods:

Thirty-seven patients were evaluated. HG was composed of 21 patients (BMI = 21.90 ± 1.94), whereas OG consisted of 16 patients (BMI = 27.41 ± 1.98). All patients were treated with AT-AMIC repair for OLTs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), Visual Analgoue Scale (VAS) for pain, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle and Hindfoot score and Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) were administered preoperatively (T0) and at 6 (T1), 12 (T2), and 24 (T3) months postoperatively.

Results:

In both groups, we found a significant difference for clinical and radiologic parameters with analysis of variance for repeated measures through 4 time points ( P < .001). In HG, AOFAS increased at every follow-up ( P < .05), whereas in OG, AOFAS improved only between T2 and T3 ( P = .0104). In OG we found a significant difference comparing CT and MRI at each follow-up; in HG this difference was found only at T0 ( P < .0001) and T1 ( P = .0492). Finally, OG presented a significantly larger lesion measured with MRI at T0 ( P = .033).

Conclusions:

OLTs in overweight patients were characterized by a larger preoperative size. At final follow-up, both groups showed a significant clinical improvement. AT-AMIC can be considered a safe and reliable procedure, regardless of weight, with a significant improvement also in quality of life.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative study.
Seroprevalence of Asymptomatic Dengue Virus Infection and Its Antibodies Among Healthy/Eligible Saudi Blood Donors: Findings From Holy Makkah City
Authors: M Ashshi Ahmed , Alghamdi Saad , El-Shemi Adel G , Almdani Sabir , Refaat Bassem , Mohamed Amr M , Ghazi Hani O , Azhar Esam I , Al-Allaf Faisal A
Published: February 2017

Background:

Threat to blood transfusion–transmitted dengue virus (DENV) and its antibodies has recently emerged worldwide. Dengue fever is an endemic disease in Saudi Arabia, particularly in its Western region. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of asymptomatic DENV infection and its antibodies among eligible Saudi blood donors.

Methods:

Serum samples from 910 healthy/eligible adult male Saudi blood donors, who reside in Holy Makkah City of Saudi Arabia, were collected between March 2015 and August 2016 and screened for the detection of DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen and anti-DENV IgM and IgG antibodies using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Panbio, Brisbane, QLD, Australia).

Results:

Among the tested donors, 48 (5.3%) were seropositive for DENV-NS1 antigen, whereas 50 (5.5%) and 354 (38.9%) were seropositive for anti-DENV IgM and IgG antibodies, respectively. Seropositivity for DENV-NS1 antigen and/or anti-DENV IgM antibody among the tested donors reflects their ongoing asymptomatic viremic infectious stage with DENV during their donation time, whereas high prevalence of anti-DENV IgG seropositivity reflects the high endemicity of dengue disease in this region of Saudi Arabia.

Conclusions:

These results show high prevalence of asymptomatic DENV infection and its antibodies among Saudi blood donors, raising the importance of establishing blood screening for dengue disease at different blood donation services and units in Saudi Arabia to improve the guarantee of blood transfusions and to control DENV dissemination.
Concurrent autoimmune hepatitis in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Cação Gonçalo , Santos Ernestina , Martins Silva Ana
Published: February 2017

Background:

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare and chronic inflammatory disorder associated with extrahepatic autoimmune diseases, including, infrequently, multiple sclerosis (MS).

Short Reports:

We report five cases of MS and AIH association. One patient developed AIH while under interferon beta-1b and the remaining while off disease-modifying therapy, although after methylprednisolone bolus in three. All presented a liver biopsy compatible with AIH. Hepatitis resolution was achieved with immunosuppressive treatment, but one patient died after a fulminant hepatitis requiring liver transplant.

Discussion:

A thorough review of published cases supports this clear, although rare, association and a liver biopsy should be considered in AIH suspected cases.
Remote assessment of verbal memory in MS patients using the California Verbal Learning Test
Authors: Barcellos Lisa F , Bellesis Kalliope H , Shen Ling , Shao Xiaorong , Chinn Terrence , Frndak Seth , Drake Allison , Bakshi Nandini , Marcus Jackie , Schaefer Catherine , Benedict Ralph HB
Published: February 2017

We used the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT-II), one component of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS), to determine feasibility of a remote assessment protocol. We compared telephone-administered CVLT-II data from MS patients to data acquired in person from an independent sample of patients and healthy controls. Mixed factor analyses of variance (ANOVAs) showed no significant differences between patient groups, but between-group effects comparing patients and healthy controls were significant. In this study, CVLT-II assessment by conventional in-person and remote telephone assessment yielded indistinguishable results. The findings indicate that telephone-administered CVLT-II is feasible. Further validation studies are underway.
Half-dose fingolimod for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Observational study
Authors: Zecca Chiara , Merlini Arianna , Disanto Giulio , Rodegher Mariaemma , Panicari Letizia , Romeo Marzia Anita Lucia , Candrian Ursula , Messina Maria Josè , Pravatà Emanuele , Moiola Lucia , Stefanin Catia , Ghezzi Angelo , Perrone Patrizia , Patti Francesco , Comi Giancarlo , Gobbi Claudio , Martinelli Vittorio
Published: February 2017

Objectives:

To investigate the efficacy and safety of fingolimod (FTY) 0.5 mg administered every other day (FTY-EOD) compared to every day (FTY-ED) in multiple sclerosis patients.

Methods:

Multicentre retrospective observational study. Clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging data were consecutively collected from 60 FTY-EOD and 63 FTY-ED patients. Baseline characteristics were compared using logistic regression. Efficacy in preventing occurrence of relapses and demyelinating lesions was tested using propensity score–adjusted Cox and linear regressions.

Results:

Weight was inversely associated with risk of switch to FTY-EOD because of any reason (odds ratio (OR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.89–0.99, p = 0.026), and female sex and lower baseline lymphocyte count were positively associated with switch because of lymphopenia. Compared to FTY-ED patients, FTY-EOD patients were at higher risk of developing relapses (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.07–8.27, p  = 0.036) and either relapses or new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demyelinating lesions (combined outcome, HR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.06–4.08, p  = 0.034). Within FTY-EOD, treatment with natalizumab before FTY and lower age were positively associated with risk of developing relapses and combined outcome, respectively (HR = 25.71, 95% CI = 3.03–217.57, p = 0.002 and HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77–0.96, p  = 0.005). FTY-EOD was overall well tolerated.

Conclusion:

Disease reactivation was observed in a significant proportion of patients treated with FTY-EOD. Neurologists should be cautious when reducing FTY administration to every other day, especially in younger patients and those previously treated with natalizumab.
An ecological momentary assessment of weight stigma among weight loss participants
Authors: Carels Robert A , Rossi James , Solar Chelsey , Selensky Jennifer C
Published: February 2017

This investigation explored experiences of weight stigma using momentary, real-time diary assessments among adults seeking weight loss treatment. In total, 51 participants completed diary assessments of weight stigmatizing events and reported how they felt and coped with each incident. Experiencing stigma was significantly associated with fewer positive and greater negative emotions. There was a significant inverse relationship between using positive self-talk and feeling numb and a positive relationship between using isolation/avoidance coping and feeling depressed, ashamed, and less happy. The significant negative momentary impacts of weight stigma likely contribute to the long-term negative consequences of experiencing weight stigma.
Improving double-layer space trusses collapse behavior by strengthening compression layer and weakening tension layer members
Authors: Rashidyan Saman , Sheidaii Mohammad-Reza
Published: February 2017

Progressive collapse is a chain of local failures leading to the collapse of either the entire or a part of the structure. The double-layer space trusses are susceptible to progressive collapse due to sudden buckling of compression members. The method of strengthening the compression layer members along with weakening the tension layer members is an effective method for retrofitting the double-layer space truss behavior against progressive collapse. In this study, the method is applied on offset double-layer space truss models with different support conditions, members’ geometrical imperfections, height, and shapes, and the effectiveness in increasing the structure’s ductility and load-bearing capacity is demonstrated. The results show that the method converted the sudden collapse of the structures into a beneficial gradual (progressive) collapse. More specifically, for double-layer space trusses comprising members with similar geometrical imperfection, strengthening the compression layer chords along with weakening the tension layer chords within 30%–40% will significantly improve the ductility and load-bearing capacity. In addition, the results show that the method can decrease the weight of the structures and consequently provide more economical structures.
The corrosion of character: Work and personality in the modern age
Authors: Fitzi Gregor , Mele Vincenzo
Published: February 2017

The topic of this imaginary dialogue between Georg Simmel and Max Weber is the relation between work – in the sense of labour – and personality. Its aim is to show that the thinking of these ‘founding fathers’ of sociology can furnish valuable insight into the current issue of the corrosion of character in contemporary post-Fordist society. The concept of work still represents one of the major factors determining modern individuals’ ability (or inability) to formulate personal, stable identities that enable them to become fully socialized. Both Simmel and Weber make reference to a common theoretical background that views the human being as a creature with originally rational potential, who is faced with the task of becoming a personality by means of consciously chosen life behaviour: This is evident in the parallelism between Simmel’s interest in the concept of ‘style of life’ ( Der Stil des Lebens) and Weber’s research on the ‘life conduct’ ( Lebensführung) that arose in Western rationalistic culture.
Decreased systolic blood pressure is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment: A nationwide longitudinal observational study of 27,732 patients based on the Swedish National Diabetes Register
Authors: Svensson Maria K , Afghahi Henri , Franzen Stefan , Björk Staffan , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Svensson Ann-Marie , Eliasson Björn
Published: February 2017

Background:

Previous studies have shown a U-shaped relationship between systolic blood pressure and risk of all-cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment.

Aims:

To evaluate the associations between time-updated systolic blood pressure and time-updated change in systolic blood pressure during the follow-up period and risk of all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment.

Patients and methods:

A total of 27,732 patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment in the Swedish National Diabetes Register were followed for 4.7 years. Time-dependent Cox models were used to estimate risk of all-cause mortality. Time-updated mean systolic blood pressure is the average of the baseline and the reported post-baseline systolic blood pressures.

Results:

A time-updated systolic blood pressure < 130 mmHg was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality in patients both with and without a history of chronic heart failure (hazard ratio: 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.13–1.40 and hazard ratio: 1.26, 1.17–1.36, respectively). A time-updated decrease in systolic blood pressure > 10 mmHg between the last two observations was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (−10 to −25 mmHg; hazard ratio: 1.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.17–1.32).

Conclusion:

Both low systolic blood pressure and a decrease in systolic blood pressure during the follow-up are associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment.
Stroke care quality in China: Substantial improvement, and a huge challenge and opportunity
Authors: Wang Yilong , Li Zixiao , Zhao Xingquan , Wang David , Li Hao , Xian Ying , Liu Liping , Wang Yongjun
Published: February 2017

Stroke is The first two authors contributed equally. the leading cause of death and adult disability in China. Although evidence-based clinical interventions have been identified to improve care and outcomes in stroke, significant gaps still exist between guideline recommendations and clinical practice in China. Regional and national stroke registries have been used to assess the benchmark of stroke care quality, provide feedback on compliance with evidence-based performance measures to health care providers, and continuously improve stroke care quality without increasing additional medical costs in the past several decades worldwide. In China, stroke care has become a national priority. A series of stroke care quality assessment and improvement actions was initiated by the Ministry of Health to increase the detection of high-risk populations with stroke, rate of adherence to evidence-based process performance measures of stroke care, and stroke care organization development, aiming to decrease the burden of stroke. China National Stroke Registries have been started in 2007, and they are conducted every 3 to 5 years. A carotid disease screen and intervention project for communities was initiated in 2009. The Chinese Stroke Association, founded in 2015, launched the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance to increase the stroke center design in the near future. In this article, we described these stroke care actions and progression, summarized the benchmark and improvement of stroke care quality, and outlined the future plans in China.
Who should we hire?: Examining coaching succession in NCAA Division I women’s basketball
Authors: Pierce David A , Johnson James E , Krohn Brian D , Judge Lawrence W
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of newly hired coaches in relation to their predecessors, and utilize the analysis to provide guidance to decision makers in college athletic departments. This study examined 185 coaching changes in Division I women’s basketball in 16 conferences between 2000 and 2009. Data were collected from online sources including institutional websites, media guides, and media articles. Latent class analysis was employed to reduce the data to one item per factor. Factors included demographics, coaching ability, coaching experience, past team performance, hiring factors (coaching level change, inside/outside hire, interim, conference affiliation), and institutional factors (public/private, demographic market area, enrollment, budget, and National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics standings). Mixed models analysis was performed to identify which categories have a relationship with changes in the number of wins following a coaching change. Results suggest that past team performance was the strongest indicator of future performance after a coaching change.
Improving influenza vaccination uptake among frontline healthcare workers
Authors: Jessop Christine , Scrutton Joyce , Jinks Annette
Published: February 2017

Vaccination of healthcare workers against seasonal influenza is recommended to protect staff, their families and patients. This study reports the findings of a survey conducted to explore how to improve uptake of influenza vaccination among staff at a specialist NHS hospital Trust. Responses to the survey were received from 376 members of staff (a 38.6% response rate). Reasons reported by respondents for not being vaccinated included lack of access and beliefs about the efficacy of vaccination. The findings suggest that uptake could be improved by ensuring convenience and flexibility in vaccination provision.
Institutionalising critical pedagogy: Lessons from against and beyond the neo-liberal university
Authors: Ridley David
Published: February 2017

This article approaches the question of how far critical pedagogy can be institutionalised through a series of historical and contemporary examples. Current debates concerned with the co-operative university are examined, as well as histories of independent working-class education and the free university movement. Throughout this history, critical pedagogy has occupied a difficult space in relation to higher education institutions, operating simultaneously against and beyond the academy. The Deweyian concept of ‘democratisation’ allows the institutionalisation of critical pedagogy to be considered as a process, which has never been and may never be achieved, but is nevertheless an ‘end-in-view’. The article concludes by offering the Lucas Plan as a model of radical trade unionism that could be applied to the democratisation of existing universities and the institutionalisation of critical pedagogy.
A cola-induced hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis with electromyographic evaluation: A case report
Authors: Ferrazzoli Davide , Sabetta Annarita , Palamara Grazia , Caremani Luca , Capobianco Marina , Balbi Pietro , Frazzitta Giuseppe
Published: February 2017

Objective:

To report a rare case of hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis induced by the heavy and prolonged ingestion of cola-based beverages, and its uneventful recovery after kalemia normalization.

Methods:

We report a 38-year-old Caucasian male presented in our emergency room with a recent and progressive weakness of the lower limbs proximal muscles.

Results:

A dietary history revealed a prolonged ingestion of cola-based beverages. Blood tests showed severe hypokalemia and marked increase in serum creatine phosphokinase. The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid resulted normal. Electromyography was suggestive for a myopathy. The clinical, laboratory and neurophysiological data were evocative for a cola-induced hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis. After kalemia normalization, the improvements of the electromyographic findings paralleled the clinical recovery.

Conclusion:

Chronic consumption of large amount of cola-based soft drinks may result in severe symptomatic hypokalemia, eventually leading in turn to myopathy. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the electromyographic findings of the cola-induced hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis. An early diagnosis and a prompt treatment appear to be crucial for a benign clinical course.
Late presentation of an anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery treated with conservative surgical management with long-term cardiac magnetic resonance imaging follow-up
Authors: Gouda Pishoy , Gouda John , Butler Craig , Welsh Robert C
Published: February 2017

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is rare congenital abnormality that most commonly presents in childhood and is associated with a high mortality. In the elderly, patients may present acutely with arrhythmias or signs of ischemia or with vague chronic presentations of shortness of breath and fatigue. In the high-risk elderly population, it is unclear as to whether conservative surgical management by means of suture ligation of the left coronary artery is associated with positive long-term outcomes. We present a case of a 69-year-old patient diagnosed with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, which was treated with conservative surgical management and followed up for 15 years with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, with positive outcomes.