bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Land Conversion Reduces Soil Organic Carbon Density Under Impervious Surfaces
Authors: Ding Q. , Shao H. , Chen X. , Zhang C.
Published: September 2022

Accurate assessments of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage beneath impervious surface areas (ISAs, SOCISA) are key for understanding the urbanization impact on carbon pools, but previous studies either ignored the SOCISApool or overlooked the urbanization impacts on the SOC pool. Based on observations from 152 sampling sites in 43 cities, we show that mainland China has a SOCISAstock of 1,016 Tg to 100‐cm depth, with a mean density of 6.21 ± 3.90 kg m−2. Comparison between SOCISAand the SOC of background soil (SOCbackground) indicates ∼19% SOC loss due to ISA conversion, similar to the effect of cropland conversion. Unlike the vertical pattern of SOCbackground, which declined faster in the upper soil layers, SOCISAdecreased linearly with depth. Moreover, the SOCISAis uncorrelated with SOCbackgroundand decreases with precipitation. These unique patterns indicate the SOC loss mainly caused by topsoil removal during land conversion. The fact that the SOCISAof older ISA was not lower than that of newly converted ISA further confirmed that soil sealing preserved SOC. Finally, both the high correlation between SOCISAand SOCPSA(SOC of the adjacent pervious surfaces) and the converging SOC densities in urban soils showed strong influences from urban greenspace on SOCISA. Based on the findings, we recommend improving greenspace management to increase the presealing SOC stock, preventing ISA construction in wet/warm seasons to mitigate SOC loss, and developing technology to seal carbon stock under ISA. We conclude that SOCISAis a major component of the urban carbon pool. It has a unique spatial pattern and cannot be estimated using surrogate data such as SOCbackgroundor SOCPSA.
Quantitative lung ultrasound detects dynamic changes in lung recruitment in the preterm lamb
Authors: Sett Arun , Foo Gillian W. C. , Kenna Kelly R. , Sutton Rebecca J. , Perkins Elizabeth J. , Sourial Magdy , Rogerson Sheryle R. , Manley Brett J. , Davis Peter G. , Pereira-Fantini Prue M. , Tingay David G.
Published: September 2022

Background

Lung ultrasound (LUS) may not detect small, dynamic changes in lung volume. Mean greyscale measurement using computer-assisted image analysis (Q-LUSMGV) may improve the precision of these measurements.

Methods

Preterm lambs (n = 40) underwent LUS of the dependent or non-dependent lung during static pressure–volume curve mapping. Total and regional lung volumes were determined using the super-syringe technique and electrical impedance tomography. Q-LUSMGV and gold standard measurements of lung volume were compared in 520 images.

Results

Dependent Q-LUSMGV moderately correlated with total lung volume (rho = 0.60, 95% CI 0.51–0.67) and fairly with right whole (rho = 0.39, 0.27–0.49), central (rho = 0.38, 0.27–0.48), ventral (rho = 0.41, 0.31–0.51) and dorsal regional lung volumes (rho = 0.32, 0.21–0.43). Non-dependent Q-LUSMGV moderately correlated with total lung volume (rho = 0.57, 0.48–0.65) and fairly with right whole (rho = 0.43, 0.32–0.52), central (rho = 0.46, 0.35–0.55), ventral (rho = 0.36, 0.25–0.47) and dorsal lung volumes (rho = 0.36, 0.25–0.47). All correlation coefficients were statistically significant. Distinct inflation and deflation limbs, and sonographic pulmonary hysteresis occurred in 95% of lambs. The greatest changes in Q-LUSMGV occurred at the opening and closing pressures.

Conclusion

Q-LUSMGV detected changes in total and regional lung volume and offers objective quantification of LUS images, and may improve bedside discrimination of real-time changes in lung volume.

Impact

Lung ultrasound (LUS) offers continuous, radiation-free imaging that may play a role in assessing lung recruitment but may not detect small changes in lung volume.

Mean greyscale image analysis using computer-assisted quantitative LUS (Q-LUSMGV) moderately correlated with changes in total and regional lung volume.

Q-LUSMGV identified opening and closing pressure and pulmonary hysteresis in 95% of lambs.

Computer-assisted image analysis may enhance LUS estimation of lung recruitment at the bedside.

Future research should focus on improving precision prior to clinical translation.
Orbital-selective band hybridisation at the charge density wave transition in monolayer TiTe2
Authors: Antonelli Tommaso , Rahim Warda , Watson Matthew D. , Rajan Akhil , Clark Oliver J. , Danilenko Alisa , Underwood Kaycee , Marković Igor , Abarca-Morales Edgar , Kavanagh Seán R. , Le Fèvre P. , Bertran F. , Rossnagel K. , Scanlon David O. , King Phil D. C.
Published: September 2022

Reducing the thickness of a material to its two-dimensional (2D) limit can have dramatic consequences for its collective electronic states, including magnetism, superconductivity, and charge and spin ordering. An extreme case is TiTe2, where a charge density wave (CDW) emerges in the single-layer, which is absent for the bulk compound, and whose origin is still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the electronic band structure evolution across this CDW transition using temperature-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our study reveals an orbital-selective band hybridisation between the backfolded conduction and valence bands occurring at the CDW phase transition, which in turn leads to a significant electronic energy gain, underpinning the CDW transition. For the bulk compound, we show how this energy gain is almost completely suppressed due to the three-dimensionality of the electronic band structure, including via a kz-dependent band inversion which switches the orbital character of the valence states. Our study thus sheds new light on how control of the electronic dimensionality can be used to trigger the emergence of new collective states in 2D materials.
The Boltzmann fair division for distributive justice
Authors: Park Ji-Won , Kim Jaeup U. , Ghim Cheol-Min , Kim Chae Un
Published: September 2022

Fair division is a significant, long-standing problem and is closely related to social and economic justice. The conventional division methods such as cut-and-choose are hardly applicable to real-world problems because of their complexity and unrealistic assumptions about human behaviors. Here we propose a fair division method from a completely different perspective, using the Boltzmann division. The mathematical model of the Boltzmann division was developed for both homogeneous and heterogeneous cake-cutting problems, and the realistic human factors (contributions, needs, and preferences) of the multiple participating players could be successfully integrated. The Boltzmann division was then optimized by maximizing the players’ total utility. We show that the Boltzmann fair division is a division method favorable to the socially disadvantaged or underprivileged, and it is drastically simple yet highly versatile and can be easily fine-tuned to directly apply to a variety of social, economic, and political division problems.
Towards a digital twin for supporting multi-agency incident management in a smart city
Authors: Wolf Kristina , Dawson Richard J. , Mills Jon P. , Blythe Phil , Morley Jeremy
Published: September 2022

Cost-effective on-demand computing resources can help to process the increasing number of large, diverse datasets generated from smart internet-enabled technology, such as sensors, CCTV cameras, and mobile devices, with high temporal resolution. Category 1 emergency services (Ambulance, Fire and Rescue, and Police) can benefit from access to (near) real-time traffic- and weather data to coordinate multiple services, such as reassessing a route on the transport network affected by flooding or road incidents. However, there is a tendency not to utilise available smart city data sources, due to the heterogeneous data landscape, lack of real-time information, and communication inefficiencies. Using a systems engineering approach, we identify the current challenges faced by stakeholders involved in incident response and formulate future requirements for an improved system. Based on these initial findings, we develop a use case using Microsoft Azure cloud computing technology for analytical functionalities that can better support stakeholders in their response to an incident. Our prototype allows stakeholders to view available resources, send automatic updates and integrate location-based real-time weather and traffic data. We anticipate our study will provide a foundation for the future design of a data ontology for multi-agency incident response in smart cities of the future.
Inequality constraint on the maximum genus for 3D structural compliance topology optimization
Authors: Han Haitao , Wang Chong , Zuo Tongxing , Liu Zhenyu
Published: September 2022

Structural topology constraints in topology optimization are an important research topic. The structural topology is characterized by the topological invariance of the number of holes. The holes of a structure in 3D space can be classified as internally enclosed holes and external through-holes (or tunnels). The genus is the number of tunnels. This article proposes the quotient set design variable method (QSDV) to implement the inequality constraint on the maximum genus allowed in an optimized structure for 3D structural topology optimization. The principle of the QSDV is to classify the changing design variables according to the connectivity of the elements in a structure to obtain the quotient set and update the corresponding elements in the quotient set to meet the topological constraint. Based on the standard relaxation algorithm discrete variable topology optimization method (DVTOCRA), the effectiveness of the QSDV is illustrated in numerical examples of a 3D cantilever beam.
Ionizing radiation exposure during adulthood and risk of developing central nervous system tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lopes Julie , Baudin Clémence , Leuraud Klervi , Klokov Dmitry , Bernier Marie-Odile
Published: September 2022

Many studies on ionizing radiation (IR) exposure during childhood have shown deleterious effects on the central nervous system (CNS), however results regarding adult exposure are inconsistent, and no systematic reviews have been performed. The objectives are to synthesize the findings and draw evidence-based conclusions from epidemiological studies on the risk of benign and malignant brain and CNS tumors in humans exposed to low-to-moderate doses (< 0.5 Gy) of IR during adulthood/young adulthood. A systematic literature search of four electronic databases, supplemented by a hand search, was performed to retrieve relevant epidemiological studies published from 2000 to 2022. Pooled excess relative risk (ERRpooled) was estimated using a random effect model. Eighteen publications were included in the systematic review and twelve out of them were included in a meta-analysis. The following IR sources were considered: atomic bombs, occupational, and environmental exposures. No significant dose-risk association was found for brain/CNS tumors (ERRpooled at 100 mGy = − 0.01; 95% CI: − 0.05, 0.04). Our systematic review and meta-analysis did not show any association between exposure to low-to-moderate doses of IR and risk of CNS tumors. Further studies with histological information and precise dose assessment are needed.
Live imaging of delamination in Drosophila shows epithelial cell motility and invasiveness are independently regulated
Authors: Inaki Mikiko , Vishnu Smitha , Matsuno Kenji
Published: September 2022

Delaminating cells undergo complex, precisely regulated changes in cell–cell adhesion, motility, polarity, invasiveness, and other cellular properties. Delamination occurs during development and in pathogenic conditions such as cancer metastasis. We analyzed the requirements for epithelial delamination in Drosophila ovary border cells, which detach from the structured epithelial layer and begin to migrate collectively. We used live imaging to examine cellular dynamics, particularly epithelial cells’ acquisition of motility and invasiveness, in delamination-defective mutants during the time period in which delamination occurs in the wild-type ovary. We found that border cells in slow border cells (slbo), a delamination-defective mutant, lacked invasive cellular protrusions but acquired basic cellular motility, while JAK/STAT-inhibited border cells lost both invasiveness and motility. Our results indicate that invasiveness and motility, which are cooperatively required for delamination, are regulated independently. Our reconstruction experiments also showed that motility is not a prerequisite for acquiring invasiveness.
Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Shahe reservoir
Authors: Sun Wen , Yang Ke , Li Risheng , Chen Tianqing , Xia Longfei , Sun Xubo , Wang Zhao
Published: September 2022

Shahe Reservoir of Northern Canal Basin was selected as the study area. Nineteen surface (0~20 cm) sediment samples and three sediment core samples were collected to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn in the sediments. The geo-accumulation index, potential ecological risk index and risk assessment code were used to evaluate heavy metal pollution, as well as its potential risk was analyzed according to the speciation of heavy metals. Results showed that the average enrichment factors of heavy metals compared to the background value in soil of Beijing were ranked at the order as the point source pollution area > the central area of the reservoir > the downstream area of the reservoir > the Nansha River > the upstream area of the reservoir > the Beisha River, namely, 2.57 times, 2.06 times, 1.97 times, 1.95 times, 1.87 times and 1.85 times, respectively. The sediment core samples in the central area of the reservoir and the inlet of the Beisha River showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing with the change of depth. Pollution assessment results showed that sediment was moderately contaminated or moderately to strongly contaminated by As, but the other heavy metals were not polluted or lightly polluted. The potential ecological risk index of all sampling sites was less than 150, showing a low ecological risk. As Cr and Cu were mainly in the speciation of residues, with low bioavailability. Although the content of Mn and Zn were low, they showed high bioavailability. Based on correlation analysis and principal component analysis, it was speculated that the sources of various heavy metal pollution in the sediment were similar, which were possibly input from the external wastewater. The heavy metals in sediment were positively related to nutrients and organic matter, indicating that all of them were mostly from the same point polluted sources.
Potential biomarkers and immune characteristics of small bowel adenocarcinoma
Authors: Feng Jinggao , Tang Xiayu , Song Liusong , Zhou Zhipeng , Jiang Yuan , Huang Yao
Published: September 2022

Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a gastrointestinal malignancy with low incidence but poor prognosis, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. This study aimed to explore potential disease-causing biomarkers of SBA. The gene expression datasets of SBA and normal samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. First, differential gene expression analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed. Common genes (CGs) were obtained by intersection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and optimal modal genes of WGCNA. Subsequently, a protein‒protein interaction network was established to screen hub genes, and target genes were obtained by Lasso regression analysis of hub genes. An SBA risk prediction model was established based on target genes. The prediction accuracy of the model was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The levels of immune cell infiltration and activation of immune pathways were compared between SBA and normal samples using the "ggpubr" and "reshape2" packages. A total of 1058 DEGs were identified. WGCNA showed that the signature gene in the brown module was significantly associated with SBA (p = 7E−17), and 469 CGs were obtained. Four target genes (APOA4, APOB, COL1A2, FN1) were identified and showed excellent prediction of SBA risk (AUC = 0.965). In addition, active dendritic cells and macrophages showed higher infiltration levels in SBA. Meanwhile, the APC_co_stimulation pathway and parainflammation pathway were strongly active in SBA. Four target genes (APOA4, APOB, COL1A2, FN1) may be involved in the pathogenesis of small bowel adenocarcinoma.
Ab initio study of lithium intercalation into a graphite nanoparticle
Authors: Holland Julian , Bhandari Arihant , Kramer Denis , Milman Victor , Hanke Felix , Skylaris Chris-Kriton
Published: September 2022

Ab initio workflow for prediction of Li intercalation, with minimal calculations, in anode-like graphite nanoparticles using linear-scaling DFT. The workflow is able to reproduce key experimental data including staging, charge transfer, and OCVs.
Fragment optimization and elaboration strategies – the discovery of two lead series of PRMT5/MTA inhibitors from five fragment hits
Authors: Smith Christopher R. , Kulyk Svitlana , Ahmad Misbha Ud Din , Arkhipova Valentina , Christensen James G. , Gunn Robin J. , Ivetac Anthony , Ketcham John M. , Kuehler Jon , Lawson J. David , Thomas Nicole C. , Wang Xiaolun , Marx Matthew A.
Published: September 2022

Herein we describe our approach to prioritize five fragment hits with the objective of answering three questions: could the binding potency be improved? Were the series chemically tractable? Could additional co-crystal structures be solved?
Superhigh energy storage density on-chip capacitors with ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/antiferroelectric Hf0.25Zr0.75O2 bilayer nanofilms fabricated by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition
Authors: He Yuli , Zheng Guang , Wu Xiaohan , Liu Wen-Jun , Zhang David Wei , Ding Shi-Jin
Published: September 2022

The ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/antiferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 bilayer nanofilms are fabricated by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition for on-chip energy storage capacitors, demonstrating a superhigh energy storage density of 364.1 J cm−3.
L’évaluation de la progression de l’interne de médecine générale dans son parcours professionnalisant
Authors: Munier Pauline , Stillmunkes André , Rougé-Bugat Marie-Ève , Bismuth Michel , Mesthe Pierre , Oustric Stéphane , Escourrou Émile
Published: September 2022

Contexte : Les départements de médecine générale français souhaitent proposer une évaluation longitudinale de la progression de l’interne. À l’Université de Toulouse, des objectifs intermédiaires ont été élaborés pour tracer l’évolution de l’interne dans son parcours professionnalisant, démarche indispensable à une certification des compétences. But : Développer et tester un outil d’évaluation des objectifs intermédiaires. Méthodes : Une revue narrative de la littérature a été réalisée pour identifier les méthodes d’évaluation de la progression de l’interne utilisées en France et à l’international. Dans un deuxième temps, un groupe de travail d’experts de la faculté de médecine de Toulouse a été constitué pour : (1) élaborer un outil d’évaluation des objectifs intermédiaires ; (2) proposer une phase test durant le semestre d’été 2019 sur un panel d’internes et de maîtres de stage (MSU) de la région toulousaine. Résultats : Nous n’avons pas retrouvé dans la littérature d’outil permettant une mesure spécifique du processus de résolution en soins premiers. L’outil que nous avons développé permet de tracer l’acquisition des objectifs intermédiaires en deux temps du semestre, au deuxième et au sixième mois de stage. La phase test a évalué sa faisabilité : 87 % des MSU ont trouvé les objectifs pertinents et 89 % la durée de remplissage de l’outil acceptable. Discussion : Cet outil concis permettrait une mesure spécifique de la qualité des interventions par des résidents dans des problématiques rencontrées en médecine générale. Il complèterait les outils d’évaluation existants pour une inférence des compétences indispensables à la certification d’un médecin généraliste.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser, …
Authors: Kluthe Bertil
Published: September 2022

Ernährung und/oder Medikament?

Das ist die Leitfrage der vorliegenden Ausgabe von e & m und führt
uns auf den Weg zu ergänzenden Fragestellungen: Welchen Beitrag kann die
Ernährungstherapie bei häufigen Krankheitsbildern aus den Bereichen
Gastroenterologie und Stoffwechsel leisten? Kann eine konsequent umgesetzte
Ernährungstherapie ein Weg zur effektiven Reduktion des Medikamentenbedarfes
sein und so zu einer Vermeidung der heutzutage leider häufig zu
beobachtenden Polypharmazie beitragen? Und wie können sich
Ernährungstherapie und Medikamente in ihrem Zusammenspiel optimal
ergänzen?
Adipositas: Neue Hoffnung durch Medikamente oder
Ernährungsstrategien?
Authors: von Sengbusch Anke
Published: September 2022

Menschen mit Adipositas sollten ihr Körpergewicht reduzieren –
auch im Hinblick auf ihr Risiko für langfristige Folgeschäden.
Welchen Weg sie dabei beschreiten, also Ernährungskonzepte, bariatrische
Eingriffe oder Medikamente, und ob dieser Weg dann besser oder schlechter als
die jeweiligen Alternativen ist, gibt Anlass zu vielen Fragen und
Diskussionen.
A Novel Synthesis of 5E-Isomer-Free Carboprost Methyl Ester
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Fangdao
Published: September 2022

A macrocyclic lactone strategy for the synthesis of 5E-isomer-free carboprost methyl ester was developed for the first time. The macrocyclic lactone being free of 5E-isomer can be easily prepared from modified Corey lactone. The key intermediate could be used as a building scaffold to prepare carboprost methyl ester and other prostaglandins effectively.
Cervicomedullary Purely Solid, Giant Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Authors: Prajapati Hanuman Prasad , Faheem Mohd , Kannaujia Sanjay Kumar , Yadav Anurag
Published: September 2022

Pilocytic astrocytomas are well-circumscribed, predominantly cystic mass lesions that have a discrete mural nodule. Giant, solid pilocytic astrocytoma is uncommon. Its characteristic imaging features are described.
Pulsative flow improves control of phototactic microswimmers
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: September 2022

Algae shed light on significant patterns for enhanced cell separation and accumulation
Planck constraints on cross-correlations between anisotropic cosmic birefringence and CMB polarization
Authors: Bortolami M. , Billi M. , Gruppuso A. , Natoli P. , Pagano L.
Published: September 2022

Cosmic Birefringence (CB) is the in-vacuo rotation of the linear polarization direction of photons during propagation, caused by parity-violating extensions of Maxwell electromagnetism. We build low resolution CB angle maps using Planck Legacy and NPIPE products and provide for the first time estimates of the cross-correlation spectra CL
αE
and CL
αB
between the CB and the CMB polarization fields. We also provide updated CB auto-correlation spectra CL
αα
as well as the cross-correlation CL
αT
with the CMB temperature field. We report constraints by defining the scale-invariant amplitudes AαX
≡ L(L + 1)CL
αX
/2π, where X = α, T, E, B, finding no evidence of CB. In particular, we find AαE
= (-7.8 ± 5.6) nK deg and AαB
= (0.3 ± 4.0) nK deg at 68% C.L..
Spectral properties of the generalized diluted Wishart ensemble
Authors: Pérez Castillo Isaac
Published: September 2022

The celebrated Marčenko–Pastur law, that considers the asymptotic spectral density of random covariance matrices, has found a great number of applications in physics, biology, economics, engineering, among others. Here, using techniques from statistical mechanics of spin glasses, we derive simple formulas concerning the spectral density of generalized diluted Wishart matrices. These are defined as

F
≡

1

2
d

X

Y

T

+
Y

X

T

, where
X
and
Y
are diluted N × P rectangular matrices, whose entries correspond to the links of doubly-weighted random bipartite Poissonian graphs following the distribution

P

(

x

i

μ

,

y

i

μ

)

=

d

N

ϱ

(

x

i

μ

,

y

i

μ

)

+

1
−

d

N

δ

x

i

μ

,
0

δ

y

i

μ

,
0

, with the probability density ϱ(x, y) controlling the correlation between the matrices entries of
X
and
Y
. Our results cover several interesting cases by varying the parameters of the matrix ensemble, namely, the dilution of the graph d, the rectangularity of the matrices α = N/P, and the degree of correlation of the matrix entries via the density ϱ(x, y). Finally, we compare our findings to numerical diagonalisation showing excellent agreement.
On smoothing of plurisubharmonic functions on unbounded domains
Authors: Harz T.
Published: September 2022

We prove that for every

n
≥
2

n \ge 2

, there exists a pseudoconvex domain

Ω
⊂

C

n

\Omega \subset \mathbb {C}^n

such that

c

0

(
Ω
)
⊊

c

1

(
Ω
)

\mathfrak {c}^0(\Omega ) \subsetneq \mathfrak {c}^1(\Omega )

, where

c

k

(
Ω
)

\mathfrak {c}^k(\Omega )

denotes the core of

Ω
\Omega

with respect to

C

k

\mathcal {C}^k

-smooth plurisubharmonic functions on

Ω
\Omega

. Moreover, we show that there exists a bounded continuous plurisubharmonic function on

Ω
\Omega

that is not the pointwise limit of a sequence of

C

1

\mathcal {C}^1

-smooth bounded plurisubharmonic functions on

Ω
\Omega

.
Metric density results for the value distribution of Sudler products
Authors: Hauke Manuel
Published: September 2022

We study the value distribution of the Sudler product
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper P Subscript upper N Baseline left-parenthesis alpha right-parenthesis colon-equal product Underscript n equals 1 Overscript upper N Endscripts StartAbsoluteValue 2 sine left-parenthesis pi n alpha right-parenthesis EndAbsoluteValue">

P
N

(
α
)
≔

∏

n
=
1

N

|
2
sin
⁡
(
π
n
α
)
|

P_N(\alpha ) ≔\prod _{n=1}^{N}\lvert 2\sin (\pi n \alpha )\rvert

for Lebesgue-almost every irrational

α
\alpha

. We show that for every non-decreasing function

ψ
:
(
0
,
∞
)
→
(
0
,
∞
)

\psi : (0,\infty ) \to (0,\infty )

with

∑

k
=
1

∞

1

ψ
(
k
)

=
∞

\sum _{k=1}^{\infty } \frac {1}{\psi (k)} = \infty

, the set

{
N
∈

N

:
log
⁡

P
N

(
α
)
≤
−
ψ
(
log
⁡
N
)
}

\{N \in \mathbb {N}: \log P_N(\alpha ) \leq -\psi (\log N)\}

has upper density

1
1

, which answers a question of Bence Borda. On the other hand, we prove that

{
N
∈

N

:
log
⁡

P
N

(
α
)
≥
ψ
(
log
⁡
N
)
}

\{N \in \mathbb {N}: \log P_N(\alpha ) \geq \psi (\log N)\}

has upper density at least

1
2

\frac {1}{2}

, with remarkable equality if

lim inf

k
→
∞

ψ
(
k
)

/

(
k
log
⁡
k
)
≥
C

\liminf _{k \to \infty } \psi (k)/(k \log k) \geq C

for some sufficiently large

C
>
0

C > 0

.
A note on exotic integrals
Authors: Kutsenko Anton
Published: September 2022

We consider Bernoulli measures

μ
p

\mu _p

on the interval

[
0
,
1
]

[0,1]

. For the standard Lebesgue measure the digits

0
0

and

1
1

in the binary representation of real numbers appear with an equal probability

1

/

2

1/2

. For the Bernoulli measures, the digits

0
0

and

1
1

appear with probabilities

p
p

and

1
−
p

1-p

, respectively. We provide explicit expressions for various

μ
p

\mu _p

-integrals. In particular, integrals of polynomials are expressed in terms of the determinants of special Hessenberg matrices, which, in turn, are constructed from the Pascal matrices of binomial coefficients. This allows us to find closed-form expressions for the Fourier coefficients of

μ
p

\mu _p

in the Legendre polynomial basis. At the same time, the trigonometric Fourier coefficients are values of some special entire functions, which admit explicit infinite product expansions and satisfy interesting properties, including connections with the Stirling numbers and the polylogarithm.
GRASP: a computational platform for building kinetic models of cellular metabolism
Authors: Matos Marta R A , Saa Pedro A , Cowie Nicholas , Volkova Svetlana , de Leeuw Marina , Nielsen Lars K
Published: September 2022

Kinetic models of metabolism are crucial to understand the inner workings of cell metabolism. By taking into account enzyme regulation, detailed kinetic models can provide accurate predictions of metabolic fluxes. Comprehensive consideration of kinetic regulation requires highly parameterized non-linear models, which are challenging to build and fit using available modelling tools. Here, we present a computational package implementing the GRASP framework for building detailed kinetic models of cellular metabolism. By defining the mechanisms of enzyme regulation and a reference state described by reaction fluxes and their corresponding Gibbs free energy ranges, GRASP can efficiently sample an arbitrarily large population of thermodynamically feasible kinetic models. If additional experimental data are available (fluxes, enzyme and metabolite concentrations), these can be integrated to generate models that closely reproduce these observations using an approximate Bayesian computation fitting framework. Within the same framework, model selection tasks can be readily performed.

Availability and implementation

GRASP is implemented as an open-source package in the MATLAB environment. The software runs in Windows, macOS and Linux, is documented (graspk.readthedocs.io) and unit-tested. GRASP is freely available at github.com/biosustain/GRASP.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Challenges and Visions for the Future Among Paratransit Providers
Authors: Gleason Shayna R , Silverstein Nina M
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives

The present study examined paratransit managers’ perceptions of a changing transportation market and the resources or supports they might need to adapt to evolving market expectations. Paratransit comprises specialized origin-to-destination transportation, often targeting a transportation-disadvantaged population such as people with disabilities or older adults. Paratransit is often provided by a transit agency, a nongovernmental contractor to the transit agency, or other federally-funded entity. The emergence of transportation network companies (TNCs), which connect drivers with passengers in real-time via online-enabled platforms (e.g., Uber and Lyft), has changed the landscape of demand-responsive transportation, including paratransit. However, the experiences of those close to the operations of paratransit programs have been largely neglected in research on mobility developments.

Research Design and Methods

In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 managers of paratransit services. The resulting transcripts were coded iteratively with NVivo software, using both inductive and deductive approaches to generate themes.

Results

Resulting themes included challenges with insufficient funding, severe driver shortages, and regulatory/policy obstacles, as well as hopes for expansion and modernization of paratransit services.

Discussion and Implications

This study’s findings advance the literature toward policy and practice solutions that could improve paratransit services for older adults and other transportation-disadvantaged groups.
Real Orbits of Complex Spherical Homogeneous Spaces: the Split Case
Authors: Cupit-Foutou Stéphanie , Timashev Dmitry A
Published: September 2022

We introduce some reflection operators on the set of real Borel orbits of the real locus $X({\mathbb {R}})$ of any spherical complex variety $X$ defined over ${\mathbb {R}}$ and homogeneous under a split connected reductive group $G$ defined also over ${\mathbb {R}}$. We thus investigate the existence problem for an action of the Weyl group of $G$ on the set of real Borel orbits of $X({\mathbb {R}})$. In particular, we determine the varieties $X$ for which the above-mentioned reflection operators define an action of the very little Weyl group of $X$ on the set of open real Borel orbits of $X({\mathbb {R}})$. This enables us to give a parametrization of the $G({\mathbb {R}})$-orbits for such $X({\mathbb {R}})$ in terms of the orbits of this new action.
SFPQ promotes RAS-mutant cancer cell growth by modulating 5′-UTR mediated translational control of CK1α
Authors: Kok Venetia Jing Tong , Tang Jia Ying , Eng Gracie Wee Ling , Tan Shin Yi , Chin Joseph Tin Foong , Quek Chun Hian , Lai Wei Xuan , Lim Teck Kwang , Lin Qingsong , Chua John Jia En , Cheong Jit Kong
Published: September 2022

Oncogenic mutations in the RAS family of small GTPases are commonly found in human cancers and they promote tumorigenesis by altering gene expression networks. We previously demonstrated that Casein Kinase 1α (CK1α), a member of the CK1 family of serine/threonine kinases, is post-transcriptionally upregulated by oncogenic RAS signaling. Here, we report that the CK1α mRNA contains an exceptionally long 5′-untranslated region (UTR) harbouring several translational control elements, implicating its involvement in translational regulation. We demonstrate that the CK1α 5′-UTR functions as an IRES element in HCT-116 colon cancer cells to promote cap-independent translation. Using tobramycin-affinity RNA-pulldown assays coupled with identification via mass spectrometry, we identified several CK1α 5′-UTR-binding proteins, including SFPQ. We show that RNA interference targeting SFPQ reduced CK1α protein abundance and partially blocked RAS-mutant colon cancer cell growth. Importantly, transcript and protein levels of SFPQ and other CK1α 5′-UTR-associated RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are found to be elevated in early stages of RAS-mutant cancers, including colorectal and lung adenocarcinoma. Taken together, our study uncovers a previously unappreciated role of RBPs in promoting RAS-mutant cancer cell growth and their potential to serve as promising biomarkers as well as tractable therapeutic targets in cancers driven by oncogenic RAS.
P44 Rapidly progressive cutaneous ulceration in a toddler
Authors: Vardhan Yerram Keerthi
Published: September 2022

Introduction/Background

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare ulcerative inflammatory cutaneous condition of unknown aetiology which is uncommon in childhood. Only 4% of reported cases occur in individuals younger than 15. The initial lesion in PG is commonly a painful hemorrhagic nodule or pustule that rapidly progresses into a large necrotic boggy ulcer that may resolve with cribriform scars. About 50% of patients with PG are associated with an underlying systemic disease, including inflammatory bowel disease, hematologic malignancies disease, and arthritis. It may occur in the context of classic syndromes like PAPA.

Description/Method

A 3-year-old male child was admitted to the Rheumatology ward with fever and generalized ulcers for two months. The ulcers started as multiple small pustules over the buttock, bilateral thigh, and extensor aspect of upper limbs and evolved into large ulcers within two months. Ulcers were round to oval in shape with irregular margins, undermined edges and violaceous borders. He also developed similar ulcers at intravenous cannula sites over the dorsum of hands suggesting the pathergy phenomenon. Laboratory reports suggested increased inflammatory markers. Skin biopsy showed dense dermal neutrophilic infiltration without vasculitis, suggesting pyoderma gangrenosum. Bacterial fungal and tubercular cultures from the biopsy tissue were normal. Bone marrow examination ruled out hematopoietic malignancy. Colonoscopy was normal ruling out subclinical IBD. Whole exome sequencing for auto inflammatory panel didn’t reveal any pathogenic variant. Diagnosis was considered as childhood-onset idiopathic pyoderma gangrenosum. The child was started on steroids along with cyclosporine, ulcers slowly started to heal over a period of two months and started to recur on the buttocks at sites of minor trauma.

Discussion/Results

The most common underlying etiologies in pediatric PG are IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), hematologic malignancies, immune deficiencies, vasculitis, PAPA syndrome (pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne), SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis), and as well as PASH (pyoderma gangrenousm, acne and hidradenitis suppurevitiva). Idiopathic cases account for 49% of cases. Adult PG, most commonly occurs in lower limbs, but lesions in pediatric PG are multiple and disseminated without any specific location. Cyclosporine, Methotrexate, Mycophenolate mofetil, and cyclophosphamide can be used as steroid-sparing agents.TNF inhibitors and Anakinra can be used as biological agents.

Key learning points/Conclusion

Pediatric PG can be misdiagnosed due to its rarity and atypical presentation; a thorough clinically oriented workup is mandatory to make the correct diagnosis and choose the appropriate treatment. Treating a resistant PG can be challenging. Further growth in the field of genomic sequencing paves the way for a new diagnosis.
P61 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine safety in adolescents with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases and adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: data from the EULAR COVAX physician-reported registry
Authors: Lawson-Tovey Saskia , Machado Pedro , Strangfeld Anja , Mateus Elsa , Gossec Laure , Carmona Loreto , Raffeiner Bernd , Bulina Inita , Clemente Daniel , Zepa Julija , Rodrigues Ana , Mariette Xavier , Hyrich Kimme
Published: September 2022

Introduction/Background

There is a lack of data on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination safety in children and young people (CYP) with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) as they were excluded from initial vaccine trials. Vaccination guidance is based on data from adults with or CYP without RMDs.

Description/Method

Our objective was to describe the safety of SARS-COV-2 vaccination in adolescents with inflammatory RMDs and adults with JIA. We described patient characteristics, flares, and adverse events in adolescent cases under 18 with inflammatory RMDs and adult cases aged 18 or above with JIA submitted to the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) COVAX registry.

Discussion/Results

Thirty-six adolescent cases were reported from 4 countries, mostly female (58%) with JIA (42%: 28% non-systemic JIA, 14% systemic JIA) and a median age of 15 [IQR: 14.5, 17]. Most were in remission (64%) or had minimal (22%) disease activity at the time of vaccination. Over half of the adolescent group (56%) reported early reactogenic-like AEs. One mild polyarthralgia flare and one serious AE of special interest (malaise) were reported. No CYP reported SARS-CoV-2 infection post-vaccination. No cases of paediatric inflammatory multi-system syndrome or myocarditis adverse events were reported.

Seventy-four adult JIA cases were reported from 11 countries; 73% were female with a median age of 26 [IQR: 23, 31]. Eight-five percent had ns-JIA and 15% had s-JIA. Almost two thirds (62%) reported early reactogenic-like AEs and two flares were reported (mild polyarthralgia and moderate uveitis). No serious AEs of special interest were reported among adults with JIA. Three 20-30 year old females were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 post-vaccination; all fully recovered.

Key learning points/Conclusion

In this observational registry dataset, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines appeared safe in adolescents with RMDs and adults with JIA, with a low frequency of disease flares, serious AEs, and SARS-CoV-2 re-infection seen in both populations.
A Simplified Approach to Jaw-in-a-Day Using a Preassembled Prosthesis: Lowering the Barrier to Entry
Authors: Tso Theodore V. , Do Nicholas , Park Sohyun S. , Burris Briana , Crum Eric
Published: September 2022

Fibula flap reconstruction with primary dental implant placement has been established as a successful procedure for composite mandibular defects. When using virtual surgical planning, these techniques typically require additional personnel and materials preoperatively and intraoperatively to fabricate occlusal-based guidance and prosthesis. The authors present a technique utilizing a custom-made implant-supported prosthesis completed before surgery that greatly reduces lead time and needed resources. The authors follow the established workflow of segmental mandibulectomy and fibula flap reconstruction using premanufactured cutting guides and placement of dental implants. Cylindrical holes along the implant axes are included in the printed surgical model provided by the guide manufacturer. Acrylic resin and abutments are added to the model to a positioning stent for use during surgery that does not require intraoperative modification before fibula inset. This ensures optimal position for facial esthetics and fixed dental rehabilitation. The presented technique uses printed models already provided by the guide manufacturer, reducing preparation time and requiring fewer personnel and materials intraoperatively. This is an approach to the jaw-in-a-day procedure with a lower barrier to entry that may be used by new craniofacial teams.
Asystole Due to Oculocardiac Reflex during Surgical Repair of an Orbital Blowout Fracture
Authors: Toyohara Yoshihiro , Mito Nanako , Nakagawa Shiho , Yoshimura Kotaro , Sunaga Ataru
Published: September 2022

Bradycardia and asystole due to oculocardiac reflex (OCR) are potential intraoperative complications of periocular surgery. We report a case of asystole due to OCR that occurred during surgical repair performed 40 hours after an orbital blowout fracture. The patient had vomiting, bradycardia, and ocular motility disorder before the operation. During the operation, asystole occurred when the entrapped tissue was grasped with forceps. After administration of anticholinergic drugs, the heart promptly resumed beating, and no sequelae due to asystole were observed after surgery. Before and during periocular surgery, it is important for the surgeon to maintain a protective surgical procedure and communicate appropriately with the anesthesiologist, including discussion of risks and emergency measures. In addition, prolonged entrapment of the extraocular muscles is likely to cause irreversible damage, so it is important to make a diagnosis and perform surgery as soon as possible.
The gut virome in health and disease: new insights and associations
Authors: Shareefdeen Hiba , Hill Colin
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review

Recent years have seen great strides made in the field of viral metagenomics. Many studies have reported alterations in the virome in different disease states. The vast majority of the human intestinal virome consists of bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria. The dynamic relationship between gut bacterial populations and bacteriophages is influenced by environmental factors that also impact host health and disease. In this review, we focus on studies highlighting the dynamics of the gut virome and fluctuations associated with disease states.

Recent findings

Novel correlations have been identified between the human gut virome and diseases such as obesity, necrotizing enterocolitis and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Further associations between the virome and cognition, diet and geography highlight the complexity of factors that can influence the dynamic relationship between gut bacteria, bacteriophages and health.

Here, we highlight some novel associations between the virome and health that will be the foundation for future studies in this field. The future development of microbiome-based interventions, identification of biomarkers, and novel therapeutics will require a thorough understanding of the gut virome and its dynamics.
Considerations when starting patients on multiple biologics and small molecules
Authors: Vuyyuru Sudheer K. , Kedia Saurabh , Ahuja Vineet
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex disease that poses significant economic, and psychological burden on patients. Despite advent of newer biologics and small molecules targeting different aspects of immunopathogenesis, there appears to be a plateau in clinical outcomes. In this review we discuss the role of multiple biologics, existing evidence and various considerations when prescribing multiple biologics.

Recent findings

Recent scientific advances helped to unravel the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and newer cytokines have been identified which can be potential targets in the management of IBD. Targeting more than one cytokine appears to be logical solution to break the therapeutic ceiling to improve clinical outcomes in IBD. The combination biologics appear safe and effective; however, the available evidence is limited. Refractory IBD, presence of other immune mediated inflammatory diseases and extra intestinal manifestations are currently the common considerations of combination biologics in IBD.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a complex immune mediated disease with diverse clinical presentation and often has a complicated clinical course requiring multidisciplinary management. As the number of targeted therapies increases so does the concern on their safety and efficacy. Combination biologics though may appear to be safe, we need well designed prospective studies for firm conclusions.
Cellular Senescence in Aging, Tissue Repair, and Regeneration
Authors: Shvedova Maria , Samdavid Thanapaul Rex Jeya Rajkumar , Thompson Elizabeth L. , Niedernhofer Laura J. , Roh Daniel S.
Published: September 2022

Society and our healthcare system are facing unprecedented challenges due to the expansion of the older population. As plastic surgeons, we can improve care of our older patients through understanding the mechanisms of aging that inevitably impact their outcomes and well-being. One of the major hallmarks of aging, cellular senescence, has recently become the focus of vigorous research in academia and industry. Senescent cells, which are metabolically active but in a state of stable cell cycle arrest, are implicated in causing aging and numerous age-related diseases. Further characterization of the biology of senescence revealed that it can be both detrimental and beneficial to organisms depending on tissue context and senescence chronicity. Here, we review the role of cellular senescence in aging, wound healing, tissue regeneration, and other domains relevant to plastic surgery. We also review the current state of research on therapeutics that modulate senescence to improve conditions of aging.