bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on the effect of phyllanthus emblica extract on the growth of urinary type struvite crystals invitro
Authors: Bindhu B. , Swetha A. S. , Veluraja K.
Published: August 2015

Background

Struvite also called as infection stones occur in the urinary system of humans particularly the women community. The present work was aimed to grow struvite crystals in-vitro using single diffusion gel growth technique and to understand the effect of phyllanthus emblica on its growth.

Methods

Sodium metasilicate gel of density 1.03 g/cc was used as the medium for growing the struvite crystals; The phyllanthus emblica extract of 5 % M/V concentration was used to understand its effect on struvite crystal crystal nucleation and growth. The well grown crystal samples were characterized by powder XRD, FTIR, UV–vis, Microhardness, SEM and Thermal analysis.

Results

The grown struvite crystals had dendritic morphology in both the control and phyllanthus emblica extract added systems. However, it was observed that the nucleation was controlled in the phyllanthus emblica added system when compared to the control system.

Conclusions

The result showed that phyllanthus emblica reduces nucleation of struvite crystals.
Hepatoprotective effect of oral application of a silymarin extract in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Mahli Abdo , Koch Andreas , Czech Barbara , Peterburs Philipp , Lechner Anja , Haunschild Jutta , Müller Martina , Hellerbrand Claus
Published: August 2015

Background

Silymarin derived from the milk thistle plant “Silybum marianum” is composed of four major flavonolignans. Clinical as well as experimental studies indicate hepatoprotective effects of silymarin. However, the underlying mechanisms are only incompletely understood.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral administration of a defined silymarin extract in the model of acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury.

Methods

A single dose of a silymarin extract (SE; 20 or 100 mg/kg body weight) was given to rats by oral gavage. Subsequently, rats were injected with a single dose of CCl4 (2 ml/kg body weight).

Results

After 24h, analysis of liver to body weight ratio, serum levels of transaminases and histological analysis revealed a marked liver damage which was inhibited by SE in a dose dependent manner. CCl4-induced expressions of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic genes were significantly reduced in SE treated rats. Molecular analysis revealed that SE reduced the expression of the pro-inflammatory chemokine MCP-1, the pro-fibrogenic cytokine TGF-beta as well as collagen I in isolated human hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which are the key effector cells of hepatic fibrosis.

Conclusion

Oral administration of the tested silymarin extract inhibited hepatocellular damage in a model of acute liver injury. Moreover, we newly found that the silymarin extract had direct effects on pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic gene expression in HSCs in vitro. This indicates that direct effects on HSC also contribute to the in vivo hepatoprotective effects of silymarin, and further promote its potential as anti-fibrogenic agent also in chronic liver disease.
Evaluation of a cognitive psychophysiological model for management of tic disorders: an open trial
Authors: O'Connor Kieron , Lavoie Marc , Blanchet Pierre , St-Pierre-Delorme Marie-Ève
Published: August 2015

Background

Tic disorders, in particular chronic tic disorder and Tourette syndrome, affect about 1% of the population. The current treatment of choice is pharmacological or behavioural, addressing tics or the premonitory urges preceding tic onset.

Aims

The current study reports an open trial evaluating the effectiveness of a cognitive psychophysiological treatment addressing Tourette-specific sensorimotor activation processes rather than the tic.

Method

Forty-nine people with Tourette syndrome and 36 people with chronic tics completed 10 weeks of individual cognitive psychophysiological therapy. Outcome measures included two tic severity scales and psychosocial measures.

Results

Post-treatment both groups had significantly improved on the tic scales with strong effect sizes across tic locations and complex and simple tics, maintained at 6-month follow-up with further change in perfectionism and self-esteem.

Conclusions

The cognitive psychophysiological approach targeting underlying sensorimotor processes rather than tics in Tourette's and chronic tic disorder reduced symptoms with a large effect size.
Ernst Bloch, Ungleichzeitigkeit, and the Philosophy of Being and Time
Authors: Thompson Peter
Published: August 2015

This article addresses philosophies of time in the German context. We may well exist in time, thrown into the world, as Martin Heidegger puts it, and thus eternally separate from it, but Ernst Bloch uses the concept of time and humanity's separation from the world in time as the basis for a possible but as yet incomprehensible reconciliation with it. He sees no separate ontology but that of incompleteness, so that the transitive is given priority over the intransitive within being, thus transforming it, in a Hegelian sense, into becoming. For Heidegger, time is just the shell or clearing in which being exists. For Bloch, however, it is the means by which being can be transcended out of its own immanence. Bloch's utopia is concrete in that it is still emerging, but he claims that sparks from that possible utopia exist in all times. Lateness is therefore challenged as a separate category, in favor of a dynamic nonsimultaneity. This is then related to thinking in recent philosophy.
Beyond Lateness? “Postmemory” and the Late(st) German-Language Family Novel
Authors: Gwyer Kirstin
Published: August 2015

Once a corollary of modernity, a response to innovation and acceleration, manifesting itself as decadence, pessimism, or an apocalyptic sense of living in an age nearing its end, lateness in our more recent—postmodern(ist), posthistorical, posttraumatic—times has been revaluated. No longer considered a cultural affliction, it has come to be viewed less as the inevitable condition of memory than, problematically, as a position of privilege from which those coming after can supposedly access the past in a way that eluded those who lived through it. This article looks at this reappraisal through literary reflections of and on lateness in post-Holocaust generations, on the side of the perpetrators and the persecuted. Drawing on Marcel Beyer's Kaltenburg (2008) and Doron Rabinovici's Andernorts (2010), it explores how recent perceptions of lateness appear to be anticipated by, and mirrored in, developments in German literature, specifically in the family novel.
Albumin stimulates renal tubular inflammation through a HSP70-TLR4 axis in early diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Jheng Huei-Fen , Tsai Pei-Jane , Chuang Yi-Lun , Sheng Yi-Ting , Tai Ting-An , Chen Wen-Chung , Chou Chuan-Kai , Ho Li-Chun , Tang Ming-Jer , Lai Kuei-Tai A. , Sung Junne-Ming , Tsai Yau-Sheng
Published: August 2015

Increased urinary albumin excretion is not simply an aftermath of glomerular injury, and also involves in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). While toll-like receptors (TLRs) are incriminated in renal inflammation of DN, whether and how albumin is involved in TLR-related renal inflammatory response remains to be clarified. Here we showed that both TLR2 and TLR4, one of their putative endogenous ligands HSP70, and NF-κB promoter activity were markedly elevated in the kidney of diabetic mice. A deficiency of TLR4, but not TLR2, alleviated albuminuria, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and inflammation induced by diabetes. The protection against renal injury in diabetic Tlr4−/- mice was associated with reduced tubular injuries and preserved cubilin levels, rather than amelioration of glomerular lesions. In vitro studies revealed that albumin, a stronger inducer than high-glucose, induced the release of HSP70 from proximal tubular cells. HSP70 blockade ameliorated albumin-induced inflammatory mediators. HSP70 triggered the production of inflammatory mediators in a TLR4-dependent manner. Moreover, HSP70 inhibition in vivo ameliorates diabetes-induced albuminuria, inflammatory response, and tubular injury. Finally, we found that DN patients had higher levels of TLR4 and HSP70 in the dilated tubules than non-diabetic controls. Thus, activation of the HSP70-TLR4 axis, stimulated at least in part by albumin, in the tubular cell is a novel mechanism associated with inducing tubulointerstitial inflammation and aggravating pre-existing microalbuminuria in the progression of DN.
Electrical Properties of Mesoporous TiO2 Nanocomposite Thin Films Incorporated with Au Nanoparticles by Simple One-pot Synthesis
Authors: Hong Min-Hee , Park Chang-Sun , Han Wooje , Yoo Byungwook , Park Hyung-Ho
Published: August 2015

Low thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, and high Seebeck coefficient are required for thermoelectric materials. To independently control electrical and thermal conductivity, Au nanoparticles were incorporated into mesoporous TiO2 nanocomposite thin films. With increase of Au nanoparticle concentration and annealing time, ordered pore structure gradually collapsed. As porosity and pore structure changed, the electrical resistivity decreased from 142.9 to 41.6 Ω cm. In this work, Au nanoparticle concentration and annealing conditions were investigated to optimize the thermoelectric properties.
Reasons to feel proud of work done at home
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: August 2015

Homework which encourages children to extend learning in areas they are particularly interested in can support progress in class and forge links with parents.
How one school has used graffiti to say it all
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: August 2015

Karen Hart finds out how a school has created a graffiti project that is now a local landmark and a powerful reflection of the school's distinct set of ideas.
Detection of Anomalies in Citrus Leaves Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Authors: Sankaran Sindhuja , Ehsani Reza , Morganc Kelly T.
Published: August 2015

Nutrient assessment and management are important to maintain productivity in citrus orchards. In this study, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for rapid and real-time detection of citrus anomalies. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy spectra were collected from citrus leaves with anomalies such as diseases (Huanglongbing, citrus canker) and nutrient deficiencies (iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc), and compared with those of healthy leaves. Baseline correction, wavelet multivariate denoising, and normalization techniques were applied to the LIBS spectra before analysis. After spectral preprocessing, features were extracted using principal component analysis and classified using two models, quadratic discriminant analysis and support vector machine (SVM). The SVM resulted in a high average classification accuracy of 97.5%, with high average canker classification accuracy (96.5%). LIBS peak analysis indicated that high intensities at 229.7, 247.9, 280.3, 393.5, 397.0, and 769.8 nm were observed of 11 peaks found in all the samples. Future studies using controlled experiments with variable nutrient applications are required for quantification of foliar nutrients by using LIBS-based sensing.
Multiwavelength Resonance Raman Characterization of the Effect of Growth Phase and Culture Medium on Bacteria
Authors: Kunapareddy Nagapratima , Grun Jacob , Lunsford Robert , Nikitin Sergei , Wang Zheng , Gillis David
Published: August 2015

We examine the use of multiwavelength ultraviolet (UV) resonance–Raman signatures to identify the effects of growth phase and growth medium on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli(E. coli), Citrobacter koseri(C. koseri), Citrobacter braakii (C. braakii), and Bacillus cereus (B. cereus)were grown to logarithmic and stationary phases in nutrient broth and brain heart infusion broth. Resonance Raman spectra of bacteria were obtained at multiple wavelengths between 220 and 260 nm; a range that encompasses the resonance frequencies of cellular constituents. We find that spectra of the same bacterial species exhibit differences due to both growth condition and growth phase, but the larger differences reflect changes due to growth phase. The differences in the Raman spectra correlate with genetic differences among the species. Using a Pearson correlation based algorithm, we achieve successful identification of these bacteria in 83% of the cases.
Entre rimas y cantos: los niños como sujetos activos de su educación
Authors: Rojas Amorocho Andrés Alfredo
Published: August 2015

Este artículo presenta una experiencia de aula, cuyo objetivo fue realizar acciones pedagógicas que permitieran una relación con los niños como sujetos activos de su educación, a la vez que desarrolló
una didáctica con base en la educación artística que puede ser aplicada para abordar las ciencias sociales. Las acciones pedagógicas se fundamentan teóricamente en la pedagogía crítica, particularmente
en dos conceptos: el de integración, propuesto por Paulo Freire, y en el de la escuela como esfera pública democrática, planteado por Henry Giroux. La metodología le apuesta a un aprendizaje reflexivo que se apoya en los postulados de David Perkins. Para su desarrollo, el docente usó herramientas como el diálogo, la lectura, la escritura, la música, el
canto y el dibujo.
Methods of Mutual Comprehension among Various Languages
Authors: Lin Xunzhun , Wang Yongxiang , Li Chun
Published: August 2015

The theme of all international congresses of semiotics is “the bridge of various civilizations” and the key problem discussed in the congresses is metalanguage. However, the international problem of international language barriers has not been solved. Based on artificial intelligence, computer science, linguistics, semiotics, and system engineering, this article puts forward the Interlanguage Protocol (ILP) (standard), a global translation network (system and instrument) based on human/machine consensus language and the platform (applied) for global semantic communication and cooperative work, and constitutes Interlanguage system (ILS). Studies show that it is possible for people of different languages to communicate with each other. The Interlanguage system (ILS) may be a bridge of communication between languages (semantic transmission) with no barrier and a method for the problem of metalanguage.
Migratory Signifiers, Encrypted Symbols
Authors: van Mechelen Marga
Published: August 2015

In this paper I apply the concept of migratory aesthetics to practices of performance and installation art. I begin with two examples of artists-migrants, the Nigerian-British artist Yinka Shonibare and the Vietnamese-American artist Dinkh Q. Lê, and continue with Chinese artists who took the Great Wall of China as the locus but also the main motif of their performances and installations. I selected the work of Concept 21, the Yuanmingyuan group, and Xu Bing. I stress the importance of these art forms in relation to migratory aesthetics. I argue that it is the combination of signifiers inspired by Western art and Chinese iconographies - with sometimes intentionally encrypted symbols - that gives us a better understanding of the mobility and hybridity of aesthetics in times of globalization, which is therefore not restricted to artistic practices of migrants.
New inequalities of Gronwall type for the stochastic differential equations
Authors: Boudref Mohamed-Ahmed , Berboucha Ahmed
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we establish some new nonlinear integral inequalities of Gronwall type for Itô integrals. These inequalities generalize some inequalities which can be used in applications as handy tools to study the qualitative as well as quantitative properties of solutions of some stochastic differential equations. We will use this inequalities to show the existence and uniqueness of solutions for nonlinear EDS.
Particle size and zeta potential investigation of synthetic peptide-protein conjugates / Sentetik peptid-protein konjugatlarının parçacık boyutu ve zeta potensiyel analizi
Authors: Derman Serap , Akdeste Zeynep Mustafaeva
Published: August 2015

Objective: Synthetic peptides are not sufficiently large or complex by themselves to induce immune system because of their small size. Synthetic peptides are usually conjugated to different carriers such as proteins and polyelectrolytes to enhance their immunogenic properties and antigen-specific antibody production (Abs) rate. Thus, the aim of this study is synthesis of peptide-protein covalent conjugates, and size and zeta potential analysis of these conjugates.

Methods: In this study, synthetic peptide antigen of the 135-161 amino acids sequence of immunogenic VP1 capsid protein of “A” type foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was covalently conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the carbodiimide method by using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) at different molar ratios of peptide (γ=nPeptide/nBSA). Particle size and zeta potential analysis of peptide-protein bioconjugates have been performed by using dynamic and electrophoretic light-scattering methods.

Results: The size and surface charge of bioconjugates are important factors in a synthetic peptide vaccine. Nevertheless, there virtually no research has been conducted on zeta potential and the size of peptide-protein bioconjugates detailed.

Conclusion: Dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering analyses clearly demonstrated that zeta potential of the FMDV 135-161 synthetic peptide-BSA conjugates shifts to less negative potentials and particle sizes increase as the amount of peptide increased in conjugates. The data about peptide-carrier protein conjugates obtained by using these methods are very important for developing peptide-based vaccines.
Painlevé Integrability and a New Exact Solution of the Multi-Component Sasa-Satsuma Equation
Authors: Ye Yujian , Zhang Danda , Di Yanmei
Published: August 2015

In this article, Painlevé integrability of the multi-component Sasa-Satsuma equation is confirmed by using the standard WTC approach and the Kruskal simplification. Then, by means of the multi-linear variable separation approach, a new exact solution with lower-dimensional arbitrary functions is constructed. For the physical quantity

U
 
=
 

∑

i
 
=
 
1

N

∑

j
 
=
 
i

N

a

i
j

p
i

p
j

 
=
 
−
 

3

2
β

F
x

G
y

(
F
 
+
 
G
)

2

,

$U\; = \;\sum\nolimits_{i\; = \;1}^N \sum\nolimits_{j\; = \;i}^N {a_{ij}}{p_i}{p_j}\; = \; - \;\frac{3}{{2\beta }}\frac{{{F_x}{G_y}}}{{{{(F\; + \;G)}^2}}},$

new coherent structure which possesses peakons at x-axis and compactons at y-axis is illustrated both analytically and graphically.
Calcification and Ossification in the Arytenoid Cartilage: Incidence and Patterns
Authors: Curtis DJ , Allman RM , Brion J , Holborow GS , Brahman SL
Published: August 2015

Calcification or ossification occurs early and commonly in the arytenoid cartilage. It may be difficult to detect, but there are only eight patterns that specifically identify ossification and calcification. Each arytenoid independently ossifies or calcifies. The cervical spine examination can specifically identify the patterns found at autopsy.
A Spectrometric Study of the Fluorescence Detection of Fecal Urobilinoids
Authors: Lloyd JBF , Weston NT
Published: August 2015

Fluorescence spectra of extracts of fecal material, in the presence of zinc ion, display the well-known green fluorescence used in the Schlesinger test for the urobilinoids, together with several other fluorescences. All of these can be demonstrated in a single spectrum by the synchronous fluorescence technique, which, with new extraction conditions, enables the urobilinoid fluorescence to be detected in quantities of human fecal material down to about 50 ng in mass. This represents a reduction on the order of a thousandfold in the detection limit of the original visual technique; selectivity too is greatly increased. The effects caused by a variety of reagents on the fluorescences have been examined. It is shown that in Edelman's version of the test the presence of mercuric ion largely quenches the fluorescence. The synchronous spectra vary considerably between different samples of human feces and between different mammals according to their diet. The specificity of the recommended technique is discussed with reference to the spectra given by other body materials.
Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. XXIV: The Potency of Confiscated Marijuana, Hashish, and Hash Oil Over a Ten-Year Period
Authors: ElSohly MA , Holley JH , Lewis GS , Russell MH , Turner CE
Published: August 2015

The chemical analysis of 2169 Cannabis preparations confiscated in the United States over a ten-year period is discussed. Samples are categorized according to physical appearance and potency trends are noted. The appearance of sinsemilla and buds, more potent forms of marijuana, and their effects on overall potency are emphasized along with discussion on domestically grown marijuana.
Assessment of Solvents for the Recovery of Nitroglycerine from Hands Using Cotton Swabs
Authors: Twibell JD , Home JM , Smalldon KW , Higgs DG , Hayes TS
Published: August 2015

Eight solvents were compared for their relative efficiency in removing nitroglycerine from the hands of persons handling explosives. The amount of interfering material also removed from the hands by the cotton swabs and the stability of the nitroglycerine in the solvent used were also investigated. Aqueous solvents yielded the best recoveries, when the extracts were partially purified by thin-layer chromatography before analysis, but the explosive was degraded rapidly by microorganisms that grew in the solutions. Of the aqueous, organic, and polar solvents tested, ethanol was found to offer the most complete, consistent, and stable recovery.
The Clandestine Drug Laboratory Situation in the United States
Authors: Frank RS
Published: August 2015

Clandestine, or illegal, laboratories are operated by the criminal element to circumvent legal requirements with the goal of supplying drugs of abuse to the illicit market. Investigation of clandestine drug manufacturing laboratories is a high priority of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) because elimination of these laboratories will prevent drugs of abuse from reaching the illicit drug traffic. One of the important responsibilities of forensic chemists assisting in investigations of clandestine drug laboratories is to be familiar with the methods of synthesis being used by clandestine laboratory, operators. A review of clandestine laboratory seizures during the period of 1978 through 1981 will be provided to familiarize forensic chemists with current information on the types of laboratories being seized in the United States and the methods of synthesis being used.
Suicide by Motor Vehicle
Authors: Imajo T
Published: August 2015

Five suicides by motor vehicle drivers are reported. Possible frequency of such incidents and methods for their investigation, as well as patterns and characteristics of suicidal behavior, are discussed. Published reports of suicide by motor vehicle are scarce. Proven cases should be reported by medical examiners and coroners to help establish the patterns of such deaths.
A simple HPLC—UV method for simultaneous determination of cysteine and cysteinylglycine in biological fluids
Authors: Głowacki R. , Stachniuk J. , Borowczyk K.
Published: August 2015

A new and simple method based on high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for the determination of cysteine (Cys) and cysteinylglycine (CysGly) in plasma and urine has been developed. The method involves reduction of disulfide bonds with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, derivatization of the analytes with 2-chloro-1-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate, and separation on Aeris PEPTIDE XB-C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.6 μm, Phenomenex) with UV detection at 355 nm. The calibration lines, obtained with human plasma and urine spiked with Cys- Gly and Cys, were linear in the range of 2.5–50 μmol L−1 and 20–300 μmol L−1, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision values of the method, expressed as a relative standard deviation, were 0.25–11.1% and 0.71–12.3%, respectively. The analytical recovery varied from 89.7 to 112.3%. The LOQs for total Cys and CysGly were 1.5 pmol and 2.3 pmol in peak, respectively. The method was successfully applied to samples donated by apparently healthy individuals. Concentrations of Cys and CysGly in human plasma from 18 subjects varied from 141.6 to 217.8 μmol L−1 and from 21.1 to 50.9 μmol L−1, respectively. Their concentrations in urine samples (n = 14) ranged from 137.3 to 426.8 μmol L−1 and from 1.6 to 4.9 μmol L−1, respectively.
Amphibia, Bufonidae, Didynamipus sjostedti Andersson, 1903: new records and a review of geographic distribution
Authors: Gonwouo Nono LeGrand , Ndeh Anye D. , Tapondjou Walter P. , Noonan Brice P.
Published: August 2015

Didynamipus sjostedti is reported from two new sites in southwest Cameroon. The distribution of this species is discussed with a review of known specimens
FORMAÇÃO DE MUDAS DE NIM SOB A SALINIDADE, BIOFERTILIZANTE E DRENAGEM DO SOLO
Authors: Mesquita Francisco de Oliveira , Nunes Járisson Cavalcante , Lima Neto Antonio Joao de , Luna Souto Antonio Gustavo de , Batista Rafael Oliveira , Cavalcante Lourival Ferreira
Published: August 2015

O experimento foi conduzido no período de janeiro a junho de 2010, em casa de vegetação, do DSER/CCA/UFPB, Areia, PB, para avaliar o efeito da salinidade da água de irrigação e biofertilizante bovino na formação de mudas de nim, no solo com sistemas de drenagem agrícola. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 x 2, com quatro repetições, referente a cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação: 0,5; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1, no solo sem e com biofertilizante bovino, na ausência e presença de drenagem. As variáveis analisadas foram: comprimento e diâmetro radicular, alocação de biomassa (raízes + caules + folhas) e índice de qualidade de Dickson. O biofertilizante bovino e a drenagem do solo proporcionaram melhores condições de crescimento e desenvolvimento para formação de mudas de nim se comparado ao solo sem o respectivo insumo, independentemente do nível de salinidade das águas de irrigação.
CRESCIMENTO DO GIRASSOL EM SISTEMA HIDROPÔNICO SOB ESTRESSE SALINO E DENSIDADES DE PLANTIO
Authors: Santos Júnior José Amilton , Gheyi Hans Raj , Dias Nildo Da Silva , Guedes Filho Doroteu Honório
Published: August 2015

A análise do comportamento de crescimento das plantas em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento permite a racionalização temporal do manejo das culturas em função de exigências e tolerâncias em etapas específicas do ciclo. Com o presente trabalho, buscou-se estudar o crescimento do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) cv. EMBRAPA 122-V2000, cultivado em sistema hidropônico sob estresse salino e diferentes densidades de plantio. Testaram-se cinco níveis de salinidade da solução nutritiva (1,7 – testemunha; 4,3; 6,0; 9,0 e 11,5 dS m-1) e duas densidades de plantio  (uma ou duas plantas por vaso) em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, analisado em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 com três repetições, totalizando 30 unidades experimentais. Verificou-se que a densidade de plantio não reduziu os índices de crescimento do girassol, no entanto, todas as variáveis estudadas foram influenciadas negativamente pelo estresse salino, especialmente a partir da condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva de 6 dS m-1.
Influência da estimulação aquática no desenvolvimento de crianças de 0 a 18 meses: um estudo piloto
Authors: Silva Jaqueline de Oliveira , Martins Júlia Caetano , Morais Rosane Luzia de Souza , Gomes Wellington Fabiano
Published: August 2015

O desenvolvimento humano envolve fatores biológicos e ambientais que interagem de forma dinâmica e complexa ao longo da vida. Para alguns autores, o meio aquático pode oferecer diversos benefícios ao desenvolvimento infantil; no entanto, estudos sobre estimulação aquática e desenvolvimento típico são escassos. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência de um programa de estimulação aquática no desenvolvimento de crianças de 0 a 18 meses, com ênfase no desenvolvimento motor. Participaram do estudo 12 crianças de classe média com nível de escolaridade materna igual ou superior a ensino médio completo. As crianças foram submetidas a uma avaliação antes e após um programa de estimulação aquática de 50 minutos por semana, durante quatro a oito semanas. A avaliação consistiu na aplicação de dois testes: Denver II, para avaliar desenvolvimento global, e a escala motora infantil de Alberta (Aims), para avaliar desenvolvimento motor amplo. Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os resultados dos testes antes e após o programa. Portanto, o programa de estimulação aquática infantil não teve influência nas áreas de desenvolvimento avaliadas. Embora o ambiente aquático forneça muitos benefícios para a criança, este estudo não permite afirmar que o estímulo precoce nesse meio favoreça o desenvolvimento infantil. Requerem-se novos estudos, com maior tempo de intervenção, grupo controle e maior número de participantes.
Field evaluation of a geotextile filter for stormwater runoff control
Authors: Franks C. , Koebler J. , Myers R. , Hatipoglu M. , Davis A. P. , Aydilek A. H.
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT: As urbanisation and land development rapidly increase, water quality stress due to urban stormwater runoff is becoming an increasingly prominent problem. Although a variety of technologies exist to improve urban runoff quality, ultra-urban areas pose a specific challenge. Geotextile filters, which are easy to maintain and have a long lifespan, can be an alternative to sand filters in urban areas as demonstrated in previous laboratory studies. This study examines the field effectiveness of a geotextile filter as a means of stormwater runoff treatment in Maryland. The results indicate that the filter is able to significantly reduce total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in parking lot stormwater. Of the 18 storms analysed for TSS, 16 demonstrated an event mean concentration (EMC) less than the target value of 25 mg/l. However, no significant reduction of total phosphorus EMC occurred through the filters. Porosities and characteristic pore opening sizes of the field-exhumed geotextiles dropped 65–82%, accompanied by comparable permittivities; however, the final hydraulic conductivities of the field-exhumed geotextiles were still 25 times higher than that of a typical unclogged uniform sand. Stormwater TSS geotextile modelling developed in an earlier study was successful in predicting hydraulic conductivity decrease in the field.
Prognostic value of N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide in pediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Saidova V T , Sabirova D R , Nemirovskaya E M , Bulatov V P , Mirolubov L M
Published: August 2015

Aim. To study the level of the N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide in children with congenital heart disease after surgical treatment and to determine its prognostic value in the postoperative period.
Methods. A preoperative and postoperative examination of 113 children with congenital heart disease who were treated in the cardiac surgery department, was performed. Patients were allocated to four groups depending on the functional class of heart failure. Serum concentration of N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide fragment was determined by electrochemiluminescence before and one day after the surgery.
Results. Postoperative levels of the N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide correlated with the duration of mechanical ventilation, the time that patient spends in the intensive care unit, the intensity of cardiotonic support. On the 1st day after the surgical intervention the concentration of this peptide was significantly increased in patients of the first, second and third group, by average of 7.8 times, due to the direct effect on the heart cells, surgical trauma, influence of cardioplegic solution, heart function alteration and heart failure associated with operative and post-operative period. In 24 patients of the fourth group, the N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide has significantly decreased on the first day after surgery. In 7 patients of the fourth group, the growth of the N-peptide level was reported, complicated postoperative period, sometimes with fatal outcome, took place in these cases. The level of this marker is associated with the frequency of postoperative complications, reoperations, and its threshold level for determining high-risk group for complications was 5400 pg/ml.
Conclusion. The concentration of the N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide on day 1 after surgical intervention in patients with congenital heart disease can be used to predict the clinical course of postoperative period; the level above 5400 pg/ml is considered to be a risk factor for postoperative complications and reoperations.
Myocardial hypertrophy in infants in pediatric practice
Authors: Basargina E N , Ermolenko V S , Sil’nova I V
Published: August 2015

Aim. To identify the features of the diseases associated with myocardial hypertrophy, for an earlier differential diagnosis to determine the treatment tactics and to initiate the early treatment.
Methods. Clinical examination, family history, cardiac ultrasound with Doppler, ECG, 24-hour ECG monitoring, and computed tomographic aortography and genetics counseling (if indicated) were preformed.
Results. During 14 years of observations, 92 patients were included, among them: children with idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - 49 (53%), followed by children with Noonan syndrome - 11 (11.9%), Pompe disease - 6 (6.5%), hypertension - 6 (6.5%), Leopard syndrome - 5 (5,4%), Friedrich ataxia - 4 (4.3%), Danon disease - 3 (3.2%), cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, fatty acids beta-oxidation disorder and mucopolysaccharidosis type I (Hurler syndrome) - 2 (2.1%), carnitine deficiency and GM1-gangliosidosis - 1 (1.2%).
Conclusion. Consudering the possibilities of modern medicine, diagnosis of left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy in pediatric general practice and pediatric cardiology is an important factor for the subsequent diagnostic search, earliest possible specific therapeutic interventions to prevent unfavorable outcomes of the diseases.
Nutritional status correction options in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Gandaeva L A , Basargina E N , Borovik T E , Zvonkova N G
Published: August 2015

Aim. To justify the need of nutritional status assessment and correction in children with congenital heart disease.
Methods. Clinical examination, somatometric methods (height, weight, head and chest circumference measuring) were used. Anthropometric data were evaluated using the WHO Anthro, WHO AnthroPlus (2009) programm. The following parameters were analyzed: weight/age, weight/height, height/age, body mass index/age.
Results. The review summarizes the existing data on the etiology and pathogenesis of protein-losing enteropathy and methods of its correction. Own observation is described. A girl, born in 1999 from the fifth pregnancy, occurring on the background of toxicosis and threat of abortion, premature second delivery. Birth weight was 1280 g, length 34 cm. Congenital heart disease (double discharge of the right ventricle main vessels, common open atrioventricular canal, defect of interventricular septum, common atrium, the «riding» mitral valve, left ventricle hypoplasia) is diagnosed in maternity hospital. One year after the Fontan surgery was conducted (in August, 2011) hypoproteinemia (total protein content of 44 g/l) was noticed for the first time in the biochemical blood analysis, and swelling appeared on her feet. Intravenous administration of 20% albumin solution was performed numerously, however without positive changes, plasma protein level was low (37 g/l). According to the guidelines, the child was assigned to a specialized diet with «Nutrien standard» 200 ml/dayas an additional source of protein. The child was discharged from the hospital with improvement and recommendations to continue treatment as an outpatient. At follow-up examination in 6 months at our center (November, 2012) the condition was stable, we managed to stop manifestations of exudative enteropathy and to normalize the total protein levels (November, 2012 - 73 g/l), albumin (46 g/l), and blood electrolytes; the girl gained body weight by 2 kg and height increased by 9 cm.
Conclusion. Complex examination and treatment of children with congenital heart disease should include nutritional status assessment and, if necessary, its correction.
Endothelial dysfunction as the key link of chronic diseases pathogenesis
Authors: Mel’nikova Yu S , Makarova T P
Published: August 2015

Endothelium is the unique «endocrine tree» lining absolutely all cardiovascular system organs of the body. Endothelial cells form a barrier between the blood and tissues, perform a number of important regulatory functions, synthesizing and releasing a wide range of biologically active substances. The strategic location of the endothelium allows it to be sensitive to haemodynamic changes as well as to the signals carried by the blood and signals of underlying tissues. Balanced release of biologically active substances contributes to homeostasis maintenance. The data concerning the multiple mechanisms of endothelium participation in the origin and development of various pathological conditions is accumulated so far. This is not only due to its participation in vascular tone regulation, but also due to the direct influence on atherogenesis, thrombus formation, and protection of the vascular wall integrity. Endothelial dysfunction is considered as a pathological condition of the endothelium based on impaired synthesis of endothelial factors. As a result, endothelium is unable to provide the haemorheological balance of the blood, resulting in disorders of different organs and systems functions. Endothelial dysfunction is a key link in pathogenesis of many diseases and their complications. The role of endothelial dysfunction in the development of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and others has been proven recently. The review provides data on the functions of vascular endothelium and its dysfunction. Types of endothelial dysfunction are described. Modern concept of endothelial dysfunction as the key link of pathogenesis of many chronic diseases is presented. Endothelial dysfunction precedes the development of clinical manifestations of diseases, so the study of the endothelium condition at early stages of the diseases is promising and could be of great diagnostic and prognostic value.
Sem título
Authors: Gabrich José F. G.
Published: August 2015

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Fuga
Authors: Moreira João Bosco De Araújo
Published: August 2015

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A poesia de Alphonsus de Guimaraens
Authors: Rennó Eleonora Fernandes
Published: August 2015

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Mudo
Authors: Galéry Eunice Dutra
Published: August 2015

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Paráfrase
Authors: Santo Lúcio Emílio do Espírito
Published: August 2015

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Três poemas - Três poetas
Authors: Amaral Léa Selma do
Published: August 2015

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Our Town
Authors: Pimenta Neto Olímpio José
Published: August 2015

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Circo
Authors: Claver Ronald
Published: August 2015

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Coelho de Alice em Wonderland
Authors: Espeschit Rita
Published: August 2015

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Once upon a time
Authors: Espeschit Rita
Published: August 2015

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Amolação
Authors: Mota Flávio Gonçalves
Published: August 2015

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Mistérios dolosos
Authors: Guimarães César Geraldo
Published: August 2015

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Os simulacros dos ambulacros
Authors: Guimarães César Geraldo
Published: August 2015

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Vide Bula
Authors: Carvalho José Amâncio de
Published: August 2015

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Marginal
Authors: Claver Ronald
Published: August 2015

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Jonas (ou no ventre do paradoxo)
Authors: Rothe-Neves Rui
Published: August 2015

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A lenda das areias
Authors: Lima Eduardo Coutinho Lourenço de
Published: August 2015

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O andarilho
Authors: Andrade Paulo De
Published: August 2015

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Esquírola
Authors: Barros Hélvia
Published: August 2015

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A evolução da educação especial na legislação espanhola e brasileira || The Development of Special Education in Spanish and Brazilian Legislation
Authors: Núñez Mª Teresa , Silva Luzia
Published: August 2015

O presente artigo trata do processo educativo de pessoas com deficiência na legislação espanhola e brasileira, apresentando aspectos da evolução/involução da atenção à diversidade e das medidas adotadas progressivamente para construir uma realidade social e educativa mais apropriada às exigências econômicas, políticas e sociais de cada época e contexto. Como resultados podemos afirmar que há um paralelismo legal e de ações entre os dois países, em sendo considerada a estrutura política, econômica, cultural e social de cada país, o que é compreensível visto guiar-se pelas mesmas diretrizes dos documentos internacionais. Estas aparentes coincidências nos indicam que os desafios enfrentados, tanto no âmbito legal como acadêmico e social trazem semelhanças que podem ser resolvidos por meio da colaboração, do diálogo entre todos que compõem os sistemas educativos e demais segmentos sociais em busca de compreender os ditames legais, os direitos e a realidade vivida de forma a encontrar soluções aos problemas comuns.
Un análisis del fracaso escolar en dos centros de Educación Secundaria || An analysis of school failure on two secondary schools
Authors: Cernadas Andrés , Pérez Marsó Mar
Published: August 2015

Objetivo: Este trabajo indaga las causas del fracaso escolar en dos centros públicos de enseñanza secundaria en Padrón (Galicia, España) y analiza las medidas, programas y políticas para su contención y reducción. Método: se diseña un estudio evaluativo con un enfoque metodológico mixto. En este diseño se miden los tres principales objetivos de la LOGSE: 1) la escolarización obligatoria, 2) la equidad e igualdad de oportunidades, y 3) la calidad educativa. Se eligen una serie de variables a través de las cuales poder medir la eficiencia, eficacia, efectividad, excelencia y sostenibilidad; se recogen datos cuantitativos de diversas fuentes y datos cualitativos a través de entrevistas y grupos focales. Resultados: Se observa que el incremento de la escolarización hasta los 18 años ha sido muy positivo en la implantación de la LOGSE, porque es un mecanismo que favorece de forma significativa la igualdad de oportunidades, aunque los resultados aún parecen ser insuficientes. También se observa que los factores que influyen sobre el fracaso escolar son múltiples y están estrechamente interrelacionados entre sí, de forma que, en vez de focalizar los recursos en alguno de sus componentes, parece más idóneo como estrategia de éxito un abordaje global del problema.
INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS MUNICIPAIS DE EDUCAÇÃO: CONCEPÇÕES E COMPLEXIDADE
Authors: Lagares Rosilene
Published: August 2015

Este trabalho discute concepções e aspectos da complexidade histórica quanto à gestão da educação municipal brasileira, abordando o processo de institucionalização efetiva de sistemas municipais de educação. Com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental, são destacadas condições e desafios, fragilidades e potencialidades que permeiam a existência dos municípios e sua atuação na educação. Sua relevância está, então, em discutir processos, políticas e ações para que essas esferas participem do processo da garantia do direito à educação. Nesse contexto, a institucionalização de sistemas municipais passa a ser questão relacionada ao pacto federativo e ao regime de colaboração, extrapolando a política ou programas de municipalização, visando firmar a autonomia na gestão.

Palavras-chave: Sistemas de educação. Institucionalização efetiva de Sistemas Municipais de Educação. Política educacional. Gestão da educação. Educação municipal.
A DIMENSÃO TÁCITA DO CONHECIMENTO NAS PRÁTICAS CONTÁBEIS: UMA ANÁLISE DOS PROCESSOS DE ELABORAÇÃO E APRESENTAÇÃO DE RELATÓRIOS EM ORGANIZAÇÕES CONTÁBEIS / The tacit dimension of knowledge in accounting practices: an analysis of the processes of preparatio
Authors: Bertolla Fernando Luís , Fachinelli Ana Cristina
Published: August 2015

No setor contábil, a elaboração de relatórios e sua apresentação aos clientes não constituem uma prática obrigatória, no entanto, são fundamentais em termos de informações contábeis úteis ao processo gerencial e decisório. A interpretação dos dados e informações contidos nesses relatórios possibilita a construção de estratégias fundamentadas em aspectos concretos do negócio. Entretanto, pela sua não obrigatoriedade, esses processos agregam muito conhecimento tácito desenvolvido e internalizado ao longo do tempo. Esse tipo de conhecimento é difícil de formalizar, comunicar e partilhar com os outros. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a dimensão tácita do conhecimento, sob a ótica dos elementos de ordem técnica e cognitiva, nos processos contábeis de elaboração de relatórios gerenciais e apresentação dos resultados aos clientes de organizações contábeis. O método utilizado foi um estudo exploratório descritivo a partir do resgate do conhecimento tácito, utilizando o sense-making de Dervin (1983, 1999) e Weick (1995), associado ao método de análise de conteúdo conforme definições de Bardin (1977), Minayo (2004) e Vergara (2008). O estudo foi realizado nas organizações contábeis associadas ao Sescon-Serra Gaúcha, que implantaram o Programa de Qualidade Necessária Contábil (PQNC), categoria ouro. Os resultados indicam que as técnicas de diálogo do sense-making possibilitam a sistematização do resgate do conhecimento tácito que, quando compartilhado, pode influenciar os processos contábeis pela via de suas práticas e pode ser um elemento central para a inovação incremental nos processos contábeis.

Palavras-chave: Conhecimento tácito. Contabilidade. Análise de conteúdo. Sense-making. Relatórios e resultados contábeis.
Dynamic interactions of ecohydrological and biogeochemical processes in water‐limited systems
Authors: Wang Lixin , Manzoni Stefano , Ravi Sujith , Riveros-Iregui Diego , Caylor Kelly
Published: August 2015

Water is the essential reactant, catalyst, or medium for many biogeochemical reactions, thus playing an important role in the activation and deactivation of biogeochemical processes. The coupling between hydrological and biogeochemical processes is particularly evident in water‐limited arid and semi‐arid environments, but also in areas with strong seasonal precipitation patterns (e.g., Mediterranean) or in mesic systems during droughts. Moreover, this coupling is apparent at all levels in the ecosystems—from soil microbial cells to whole plants to landscapes. Identifying and quantifying the biogeochemical “hot spots” and “hot moments”, the underlying hydrological drivers, and how disturbance‐induced vegetation transitions affect the hydrological‐biogeochemical interactions are challenging because of the inherent complexity of these interactions, thus requiring interdisciplinary approaches. At the same time, a holistic approach is essential to fully understand function and processes in water‐limited ecosystems and to predict their responses to environmental change. This article examines some of the mechanisms responsible for microbial and vegetation responses to moisture inputs in water‐limited ecosystems through a synthesis of existing literature. We begin with the initial observation of Birch effect in 1950s and examine our current understanding of the interactions among vegetation dynamics, hydrology, and biochemistry over the past 60 years. We also summarize the modeling advances in addressing these interactions. This paper focuses on three opportunities to advance coupled hydrological and biogeochemical research: (1) improved quantitative understanding of mechanisms linking hydrological and biogeochemical variations in drylands, (2) experimental and theoretical approaches that describe linkages between hydrology and biogeochemistry (particularly across scales), and (3) the use of these tools and insights to address critical dryland issues of societal relevance.