REMOTE SENSING IN SOLVING PROBLEMS SECONDARY DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL LAND
Authors: Соколов И.В. , Иванов А.И. , Иванова Ж.А. , Рижия Е.Я. , Петров И.И. 
Published: August 2024

В ходе комплексного исследования с использованием данных дистанционного зондирования установлены параметры накопления надземной биомассы на сельскохозяйственных угодьях, зарастающих древесной растительностью. В результате восстановления их плодородия при помощи новых мелиорантов продуктивность однолетних трав повысилась в 2,2–2,8 раза. Наибольшее преимущество было достигнуто в варианте с технологической переработкой ДКР в биоуголь.

The crisis of commodity farming in the North-West of Russia has led to the loss of a significant part of agricultural land, their apparent and hidden degradation. The level of economic use of arable land in the region is 55 %, and the degree of overgrowing of trees and shrubs (DKR) varies by regions from 42 to 58 %. Remote sensing plays a positive role in solving the problems of secondary development of these lands. Methodological basis of research served as a geobotanical survey of a number of overgrown trees and shrubs in the typical agro-ecological conditions of land and Mitropoleos inpatient experience in the field crop rotation «annual grass + perennial grasses – perennial grasses 1 G. p. – grasses 2 G. p. – grasses of 3 G. p. – winter crops – spring crops». The soil of experience sod podzolic soils are predominant in tailspinpack slabosolenym. The power of the arable layer is 22 cm, the structure is fragile lumpy-clumpy, phkcl 4,27, humus content of 3.87 %, mobile compounds of phosphoRA and potassium – 74 and 215 mg/kg, respectively. The experimental setup twofactor: factor a – a product of technological processing of IPD (control, chaff, chaff, biochar and ash vdcs) and factor B – system of reproduction of soil fertility on the basis of bird droppings, dolomite Sy-ramalatha and potassium chloride. The study found that the stock of DKR biomass on agricultural land in the North-West of Russia depends on the Botanical composition, age and agroecological conditions. At the age of 15–20 159 years, its level varies from 56–145 t/ha in coniferous species, to 75–255 t/ha – in smallleaved. Reduced in the secondary development of agricultural land DKR in any form of technological processing has a negative impact on the nutritional regime of acidic sodpodzolic soil, causing a significant reduction in the productivity of annual herbs by 42– 80 %. Overcoming these consequences requires the combined use of meliorants: raw dolomite and poultry manure together with potassium fertilizer, providing an increase in productivity of 2.2–2.8 times from 1.27 to 2.76–3.59 kg/m2 . Against this background, the option of technological processing of DKR into bio-coal, which provided an increase in the yield of green mass by 14%, has a distinct advantage from agroecological positions. Analysis of the quality of green oat mass showed a marked reduction under the action of wood products of accumulation in its dry matter of crude protein from 19.4 to 15.3–16.6%, simple sugars and ash substances. The complex application of meliorants in the system of reproduction of fruit-rhodium of the developed soil not only leveled the negative effects, but also allowed to increase the content of crude protein by 11–27, simple sugars – by 8–18, phosphorus – by 23–41, potassium, calcium and magnesium – by 32–85%.