bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of PM2.5 and temperature on the incidence of severe asthma in adults and the elderly in Shanghai, China: A retrospective study
Authors: Ding Jingyi , Gao Xiwen , Zhang Huan , Hong Weijun , Zhuang Yaqin , Li Chenyin , Yan Zhijun , Xu Aohong , Zhang Hongbo , Wang Yuxue , Cao Aili , Yu Suyun
Published: January 2022

Background

The study aimed to investigate the correlation between both particulate matter (PM) 2.5 and temperature and the incidence of severe asthma as diagnosed by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) values of >50 parts per billion.
Methods

This large-scale retrospective study used data on PM2.5 and temperature from the Shanghai Meteorological Bureau in China that had been collected between May 2014 and April 2016. All patients with suspected airway inflammation, who had visited the Minhang branch of Zhongshan Hospital, an affiliation of Fudan University, between May 2014 and April 2016, were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the synergistic effect of PM2.5 and temperature on the incidence of severe asthma in the different subgroups of patients with suspected airway inflammation.
Results

PM2.5 and temperature were significantly correlated with the incidence of asthma in the Oldabove50 subgroup (Spearman’s r = 0.580, p = 0 .003 and Spearman’s r = -0.689, p ≤ 0.001, respectively), when analyzed using non-parametric statistical analysis methods. The combined effect of PM2.5 and temperature on the incidence of asthma was significantly greater in the Oldabove50 subgroup (R = 0.693) than in the Adultabove50 subgroup (R = 0.275) (F > Fα; Fα = 2.997066, p < 0.05). In particular, in the Oldabove50 subgroup, the effect of temperature on the incidence of asthma was greater than that of PM2.5, when using beta coefficients (p = 0.004).
Conclusions

The FeNO cut-off value can be used to determine the effect of PM2.5 and temperature on patients’ respiratory health. Although the study’s limitations may have impacted these findings, and further investigation is necessary, this study provided a convenient investigation into the epidemiology of asthma. Such research is important for public health.
Selection of Species Specific Panel of Reference Genes Across Native Livestock Species Adapted to Trans-himalayan Region of Leh-ladakh
Authors: Tiwari Manish , Sodhi Monika , Verma Preeti , Vivek Prince , Kataria Ranjit , Niranjan Saket , Bharti Vijay , Masharing Nampher , Gujar Gayatri , Chanda Divya , Mukesh Manishi
Published: January 2022

The identification of appropriate references genes is an integral component of any gene expression-based study for getting accuracy and reliability in data interpretation. In this study, we evaluated the expression stability of 10 candidate reference genes (GAPDH, RPL4, EEF1A1, RPS9, HPRT1, UXT, RPS23, B2M, RPS15, ACTB) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of livestock species that are adapted to high altitude hypoxia conditions of Leh-Ladakh. A total of 37 PBMCs samples from six native livestock species of leh-Ladakh region such as Ladakhi cattle (LAC), Ladakhi yak (LAY), Ladakhi donkey (LAD), Chanthangi goat (CHG), Double hump cattle (DHC) and Zanskar ponies (ZAP) were included in this study. The commonly used statistical algorithms such as geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder were employed to assess the stability of these RGs in all the livestock species. Our study has identified different panel of reference genes in each species; for example, EEF1A1, RPL4 in Ladakhi cattle; GAPDH, RPS9, ACTB in Ladakhi yak; HPRT1, B2M, ACTB in Ladakhi donkey; HPRT1, B2M, ACTB in Double hump camel, RPS9, HPRT1 in Changthangi goat, HPRT1 and ACTB in Zanskar ponies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic attempt to identify panel of RGs across different livestock species types adapted to high altitude hypoxia conditions. In future, the findings of the present study would be quite helpful in conducting any transcriptional studies to understand the molecular basis of high altitude adaptation of native livestock population of Leh-Ladakh.
‹Ich habe eigentlich das Gefühl, so, wie es jetzt im Augenblick läuft, wird diese Lerntätigkeit auf die Eltern abgewälzt›
Authors: Petschner Paul , Dertinger Andreas , Lampert Claudia , Müller Jane
Published: January 2022

Im März 2020 kam es aufgrund der Covid-19-Pandemie zu landesweiten Schulschliessungen. Lehrkräfte, Eltern und deren schulpflichtige Kinder wurden von dieser Situation völlig unvorbereitet getroffen. Der Beitrag beleuchtet diese erste Phase des Distance Schooling mit Blick auf die damit einhergehenden Anforderungen an Familien und veränderte familiale Interaktionsprozesse. Unter Fokussierung auf medienbezogene Aushandlungsprozesse und veränderte Konstellationen von Medienpraktiken werden die Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Erhebung mit sechs Familien eines bestehenden Längsschnitt-Panels vorgestellt. Zum Erhebungszeitpunkt im April/Mai 2020 befanden sich die Kinder in der sechsten Jahrgangsstufe. Die Interaktionsprozesse werden ausgehend von dem Ansatz kommunikativer Figurationen beschrieben, wobei der Fokus auf familiale Aushandlungsprozesse im Spannungsfeld von Autonomie und Heteronomie gelegt wird. Die Ergebnisse veranschaulichen, mit welchen Herausforderungen die (Ausnahme-)Situation des Distance Schooling verbunden ist und wie heterogen Familien mit diesen umgehen. In der familialen Interaktion ergeben sich neue Freiheitsgrade und Anforderungen an ein eigenständiges Handeln der Kinder, die innerhalb der Familie ausgehandelt und bewältigt werden müssen.
Publications of Lidia Shyshmanova-Drahomanova in the ukrainian press of the beginning of the 20th century
Authors: Silevych Liliya
Published: January 2022

The study is concerned with the distinctive features of effective cooperation between well-known public and cultural figure Lidia Shyshmanova-Drahomanova and Ukrainian periodicals at the beginning of the 20th century. The author considers problematic and genre aspects of her articles, particularly in Rada daily newspaper and on the base of their analysis divides them into two problem-thematic groups: socio-political and culturological. It is stated the necessity for further research on ShyshmanovaDrahomanova’s journalistic heritage, in particular, the study of her interpretation of a number of key issues of social, political, scientific and cultural life.
Magnetisation and Mean Field Theory in the Ising Model
Authors: Sakthivadivel Dalton A R
Published: January 2022

In this set of notes, a complete, pedagogical tutorial for applying mean field theory to the two-dimensional Ising model is presented. Beginning with the motivation and basis for mean field theory, we formally derive the Bogoliubov inequality and discuss mean field theory itself. We proceed with the use of mean field theory to determine a magnetisation function, and the results of the derivation are interpreted graphically, physically, and mathematically. We give a new interpretation of the self-consistency condition in terms of intersecting surfaces and constrained solution sets. We also include some more general comments on the thermodynamics of the phase transition. We end by evaluating symmetry considerations in magnetisation, and some more subtle features of the Ising model. Together, a self-contained overview of the mean field Ising model is given, with some novel presentation of important results.
Comparison of the Vcheck and IMMULITE 2000 methods for T4 measurement in canine and feline serum
Authors: ADASZEK ŁUKASZ , TEODOROWSKI OLIWIER , STANIEC MARTA , JANECKI RADOSŁAW , JACKOWSKA-PEJKO NATALIA , DOKUZEYLÜL BANU , WINIARCZYK STANISŁAW , RUTKOWSKA-SZULCZYK MAŁGORZATA
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to compare canine and feline thyroxine (T4) results obtained by the Vcheck method with those obtained by the IMMULITE 2000 immunoassay, which had previously been validated for canine serum. The concentration of T4 in 53 canine and 44 feline serum samples was determined concurrently by the Vcheck and IMMULITE methods, the latter as the reference method. The T4 values were compared using the IMMULITE Youden plot and Deming regression analysis. According to the regression analysis, the two methods gave comparable results. Spearman’s correlation shows a very high consistency of the results obtained by the two analyzers. The results of the Vcheck method were comparable to those of the IMMULITE 2000 reference method, so Vcheck may be used as an alternative assay to evaluate the serum thyroxine concentration in dogs and cats for the diagnosis of thyroid gland disease.
Community health clubs improve latrine construction through savings, lending, and income-generating activities
Authors: Murakwani Pamela Ncube , Sibanda Wellington , Dube Sijabulisiwe Beatrice , Weber Nicole
Published: January 2022

Improved sanitation is critical to both health and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. In this multi-sectoral food security activity, community health clubs (CHC) were implemented by the Zimbabwe Government. Members met regularly to complete a hygiene and sanitation education curriculum. Early on, CHC members faced financial barriers to latrine construction. Members were encouraged to undertake savings, lending, and income-generating activities. 28 percent of CHCs in fact engaged in those activities. This qualitative study aimed to identify motivators of and barriers to latrine construction and to explore whether financial activities supported members in their efforts to overcome barriers. Ten focus group discussions with CHC members and 19 in-depth interviews with key informants were conducted. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Key motivators and enablers included health benefits; the desire to avoid disgust, shame, and embarrassment; access to materials and construction; and social support. Barriers to improvement included costs, water access, limited leadership support, and behavior change resistance. Financial activities helped CHC members overcome the costs of material and construction. Thus, integrating financial activities into CHCs may improve sanitation coverage and we recommend that such add-ons be considered in CHC training programs. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Zimbabwe to explore whether the integration of financial activities into the CHC model is an acceptable and feasible model for improving sanitation coverage.
Origen y culto de los huamachocos
Authors: Escamilo Cárdenas Simón
Published: January 2022

A partir de informes escritos por los frailes agustinos en 1557, la tesis de Francisco Loayza "Culto libre entre los Incas" (1935) y otras fuentes bibliográficas, presentamos la historia de ATAGUJU, Dios creador de la antiquisima llacta (1) de Huamachuco.
El niño ciudadano del ideal
Authors: Sánchez Lihón Danilo
Published: January 2022

Víctima invisible de la situación de desorganización y caos en que viven muchas sociedades que se debaten en crisis, por su situación de subdesarrollo y dependencia, es el niño.
Universidad estatal en el Perú
Authors: Yepes del Castillo Ernesto
Published: January 2022

En la segunda quincena de julio, la universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina presentó al debate público una de sus últimas publicaciones.
Congreso de sociología latinoamericana
Authors: Alfaro Moreno Julio
Published: January 2022

Del 28 al 31 de mayo de 1991 se realizó en el Palacio de Convenciones de La Habana, Cuba, el Congreso de la Asociación Latinoamericna de Sociología(A.LAS). El congreso se realizó con alrededor de mil delegados no solo sociólogos, antropólogos, sicólogos, abogados, trabajadores sociales, etc. tanto estudiantes como profesionales.
Cytokines Involved in COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic
Review
Authors: Siddiqui Khalid , George Teena P. , Joy Salini Scaria , Rafiullah Mohamed
Published: January 2022

Background:

Hyperglycemic condition and compromised immune system may contribute
to the progression of COVID-19 infection and increase the disease severity, relatively requiring
a longer recovery period among diabetic patients.

Objective:

A systematic review was conducted to examine cytokine levels, the prevalence of risk
factors, and other comorbidities in COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes mellitus during
the early COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed central, PMC Europe databases,
and Web of Science, evaluating the articles published between Dec 1st, 2019, and June 15th,
2020. This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Results:

The systematic search generated 14,960 articles and ended up with 9 articles, of which 8
articles involved data on the comparison of cytokines in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects with
COVID-19, while 4 of them involved data on cytokines in the diabetes patients compared either by
the severity of diseases or the rate of survival. Among the studied cytokines, interleukin-6, interleukin-
8, and tumor necrosis factor-α may cause the worst prognosis or fatality among diabetic patients.
Increased cytokine levels indicate higher mortality and are linked to risk factors and comorbidities,
such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Management of diabetes by insulin treatment
may reduce the rate of mortality among diabetic patients but may be contraindicated in diabetic
patients with COVID-19 who had at least one previous comorbidity, especially hypertension and
CVD.

Conclusion:

The pathophysiological mechanisms linked to cytokine storm in diabetic patients may
lead to the design of treatment strategies in the future, thus improving early diagnosis of the disease
and mitigating cytokine storm-associated morbidity and mortality.
Ivermectin in COVID-19 Management: What is the Current Evidence?
Authors: Eerike Madhavi , Raj Gerard Marshall , Priyadarshini Rekha , Ravi Gandham , Bisoi Debasis , Konda Venu Gopala Rao
Published: January 2022

Ivermectin (IVM), an approved anthelminthic drug, has been reported to have antiviral,
antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Antiviral activity is due to the inhibition of nuclear cargo importin
(IMP) protein. The anti-SARS CoV-2 activity through in vitro study was first reported by an
Australian team. Later, many studies were conducted, and most of the study results were available as
non-peer-reviewed preprints. In this narrative review, literature on the clinical studies conducted with
ivermectin from published articles, preprints, and unpublished evidence was collected until 13th June
2021. They are discussed based on the severity of COVID-19 disease. Out of the 23 peer-reviewed
published articles, 13 studies were randomized controlled trials. The remaining were either prospective
interventional, prospective observational, retrospective cohort, cross-sectional, or case series type of
studies; additionally, there were 10 randomized controlled trials available as preprints. In most studies,
ivermectin was used in combination with doxycycline, azithromycin, or other drugs. Some studies
suggested that a higher dose or increased duration of ivermectin usage was required to achieve favorable
effects. In this review, articles on the prophylactic role of ivermectin in COVID-19 are also discussed
- wherein the results are more promising. Despite accumulating evidence suggesting the possible
use of ivermectin, the final call to incorporate ivermectin in the management of COVID-19 is still
inconclusive.
Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Novel Triazolyl Pyrazolyl Pyrazoline
Substituted Coumarins and Their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Brahmbhatt Dinker I. , Kundaliya Kaushik N. , Patel Niraj H.
Published: January 2022

Background:

The 1,2,3-triazole, pyrazole, and coumarin-based derivatives have received
much attention due to their wide coverage of biological properties. The present work describes
the microwave synthesis of novel triazolyl pyrazolyl pyrazoline substituted coumarins. The
structures of all the newly synthesized compounds are characterized by spectral analysis and
screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity by the Broth dilution method.

Methods:

Using the synthetic method, the targets were prepared by reacting various 3-{3-[3-(5-
methyl-1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]acryloyl} coumarins (coumarin
chalcones) (3a-d) with hydrazine hydrate or aryl hydrazine (5a-c) in the presence of acetic/propionic
acid under microwave irradiation.

Results:

The structures of all the synthesized compounds were established by IR, 1H-NMR, 13CAPT,
and selected mass spectral data. The target compounds were also screened for their in vitro
antimicrobial efficiency against a representative panel of pathogenic strains, specifically Gram-positive
bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus,italic> Bacillus subtilis), Gram-negative bacteria
(Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi), and Fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillusniger).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the target compounds were obtained by Microwave Irradiation (MWI)
technique in good yield with a short reaction time. Among all the synthesized compounds, 4c, 4h,
6a, 6h, and 6l were found to have significant activity against bacterial and fungal strains.
Assessment of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Levels Among COVID-19
Positive Patients Admitted in Rural Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Yadav Ramakant , Dubey Neha , Jain Shweta , Vaidya Ankur , Kumar Raj
Published: January 2022

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychiatric distress, including
stress, anxiety, and depression levels, among COVID-19 positive patients who were admitted
between 01 July 2020 to 31 August 2020 to the COVID-19 isolation ward of the Uttar Pradesh
University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah India. Participants included 100 patients, with 55
males and 45 females. The majority of admitted patients (81%) were illiterate. Out of 100 patients,
83 were married, 16 were unmarried, and only 1 was a widow.

Methods:

Levels of anxiety, depression, and stress level were noted in admitted patients using Generalized
Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression assessment,
and Perceived Stress Scale 4 (PSS-4) assessment techniques, respectively.

Results:

Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression assessment results showed minimal,
mild, and moderate depression in 9, 25, and 66 patients, respectively, with a 10.6 median score of
PHQ-9. Mild, moderate, and severe anxiety (GAD-7 score) was present in 22, 28, and 50 of the patients
surveyed. The mean Perceived Stress Scale 4 (PSS-4) was also analyzed, and it reported 6.1
values. The results of the study demonstrated that the patients had a high label of psychiatric distress,
but still, admitted patients believe that they will come out from this pandemic condition.

Conclusion:

Although patients claimed psychiatric distress and mental health illness, they still denied
the requirement of any mental health professionals to minimize stress levels and were satisfied
with the medical facilities available in a hospital located in a rural area.
Museus, responsabilidade social e a pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Amaral Leonor
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic reinforced the pertinence of reflection on the social responsibility of museums. The successive restrictions and limitations applied in the context of the pandemic crisis have transformed the way in which museums operated during the last year and their relationship with the public. In this context, thinking about communication in museums and the role of management models in the museum's social involvement takes on new contours. This essay is part of a line of thought that has been developed since the development of the master’s thesis in Museology and, now and in greater depth, under the motto of the PhD project in Heritage Studies – Specialization in Museology “Finding the Museum. Here are some conceptual bases that seek to reflect on the museum's place in society and frame the event of the pandemic in the memory of contemporary museological thinking. This challenging exercise seeks to envision future expressions of sociocultural involvement in museums.
Museu empreendedor : Usina de Eureka, um modelo de negócio para museus
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Espel de
Published: January 2022

Museums are currently taking on a new dynamic about the provision of services and their relationship with society. This new paradigm was a stimulus for the development of this study that presents a business model for museums with the Usina de Eureka® brand. The development of the model initially investigated the museological environment, in terms of its ability to generate stimuli for the creative cognitive process of its visitors. With promising results arising from case studies carried out in two museums in the Central Region of Portugal, ways were later explored to help the audience in the development of ideas that could give rise to new products, services, environmental solutions, between others. To this end, the business model was created, aiming to be a facilitating interface between the museum's audience and agents interested in the development of innovative ideas.
Surveillance System Evaluation for COVID-19 Vaccine–Associated Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI), Sindh Pakistan (2021)
Authors: Qureshi Samreen Ashraf , Masood Naveed , Syed Asif , Hussain Mudassar , Hussain Kashif , Bhurt Saeed Ahmed , Gadehi Muhammad Ali , Memon Fahad , Bahoto Muhammad Juman
Published: January 2022

Background

In February 2021, a mass vaccination campaign commenced in Sindh Province in response to the COVID-19 epidemic. An adverse-events-following-immunization surveillance system (AEFI-SS) was established to monitor the adverse events following vaccination.

Objective

We evaluated the AEFI-SS with the aim to identify its strengths and weaknesses and suggest recommendations.

Methods

In May-June 2021, a descriptive evaluation study was conducted in Sindh Province, Pakistan. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) updated guidelines for evaluation of SS-2001 were followed to measure the qualitative, quantitative, and utility attributes of the AEFI-SS. Key stakeholders were identified based on their involvement in the AEFI-SS and were interviewed. Case investigation proformas for the AEFI were randomly reviewed for data quality, timeliness, and completeness. Sensitivity was calculated. Each attribute was rated as good, fair, or poor based on a scoring legend.

Results

The SS was useful in effectively identifying 7147 cases of AEFIs. Timeliness of all AEFI cases was good and was found to be 100%, as all cases were reported within 24 hours. The World Health Organization (WHO)-approved case definition was used for the identification of AEFI cases and had a simple flow of information. The AEFI-SS was good in data quality and completeness (100%), and data collection tools were filled by trained medical officers. Sensitivity was 100%, and the predictive value positive (PVP) was not calculated due to the absence of a laboratory component. Good representativeness (>80%) of the population was covered by 1004 vaccination centers. The system was found to be stable as resources of the health department government of Sindh were being used. The AEFI-SS was paper based and deficient in a feedback mechanism.

Conclusions

Sindh Province has an appropriate surveillance mechanism for AEFI detection and management for the ongoing COVID-19 vaccination SS. The representativeness can be increased by involvement of the private health sector. Establishment of a feedback mechanism and digital data transformation and integration of the AEFI system with the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) are recommended.
Epidemiological Determinants for Mortality from Neonatal Tetanus in Punjab Province, Pakistan (2020)
Authors: Khurshid Fawad , Ahmad Muhammad Khalil , Khan Ali Sher , Saleem Muhammad Mehroze , Fatima Zahida , Chaudary Ambreen , Baig Zeeshan Iqbal , Akram Khurram Shehzad , Malik Muhammad Wasif , Ashraf Nosheen , Khan Mumtaz Ali , Ansari Jamil Ahmad , Ikram Aamir
Published: January 2022

Background

Neonatal tetanus (NNT) is a vaccine-preventable disease that occurs at higher incidence in resource-poor countries, presumably because of low maternal immunization rates and unhygienic cord care practices. NNT remains an important cause of infant mortality in rural areas of Punjab Province.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate and determine the risk factors for mortality in NNT cases and to make recommendations for future strategies.

Methods

A descriptive study was conducted from July 6 to 14, 2021, at Directorate General Health Office Lahore. The surveillance data set for the year 2020 and clinical notes were reviewed and analyzed. Demographic information, clinical presentation progression, and outcomes were evaluated for all investigated cases, and a comparison analysis was performed between those who survived and those who died.

Results

Of a total of 176 reported cases, 145 (82.3%) were notified from rural areas of Punjab. The mean age was 9 days, 65 (37%) infants were females, and 111 (63%) were males. The overall mortality was 77 (43.6%), while 31 (17.6%) maternal deliveries were conducted by untrained birth attendants. In addition, 119 (67.6%) women received zero tetanus toxoid (TT) shots in their life. Clinical notes revealed that the group that survived had a significantly greater mean body weight on admission, had later onset of disease, was hospitalized early, and received tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG). The children who could not survive had significantly common clinical features, such as generalized rigidity, fever, and respiratory arrest.

Conclusions

The increased mortality in rural and tribal areas is suggestive of poor TT immunization coverage. Low literacy, poor socioeconomic status of families, lack of awareness regarding antenatal care, and poor hygienic deliveries conducted by untrained persons remain the main risk factors. Improvement in TT coverage, deployment of trained community midwives, and awareness sessions regarding TT vaccination in hard-to-reach areas are recommended.
Parental Knowledge, Self-confidence, and Usability Evaluation of a Web-Based Infographic for Pediatric Concussion: Multimethod Study (Preprint)
Authors: Campbell Alyson , Hartling Lisa , Plourde Vickie , Scott Shannon D
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Concussions, which are known as mild traumatic brain injuries, are complex injuries caused by direct or indirect blows to the head and are increasingly being recognized as a significant public health concern for children and their families. Previous research has identified few studies examining the efficacy of educational interventions on parental concussion knowledge. The aim of this research was to actively work together with children who have experienced a concussion and their parents to develop, refine, and evaluate the usability of a web-based infographic for pediatric concussion.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to report on the usability of the infographic, parental knowledge, and self-confidence in pediatric concussion knowledge before and after exposure to the infographic.

METHODS

A multiphase, multimethod research design using patient engagement techniques was used to develop a web-based infographic. For this phase of the research (usability, knowledge, and confidence evaluation), parents who could communicate in English were recruited via social media platforms and invited to complete web-based questionnaires. Electronic preintervention and postintervention questionnaires were administered to parents to assess changes to concussion knowledge and confidence after viewing the infographic. A usability questionnaire with 11 items was also completed.

RESULTS

A web-based, infographic was developed. The infographic is intended for parents and children and incorporates information that parents and children identified as both wants and needs about concussion alongside the best available research evidence on pediatric concussion. A total of 31 surveys were completed by parents. The mean scores for each item on the usability surveys ranged from 8.03 (SD 1.70) to 9.26 (SD 1.09) on a 10-point Likert scale, indicating that the usability components of the infographic were largely positive. There was no statistically significant difference between preintervention and postintervention knowledge scores (Z=−0.593; P=.55; both preintervention and postintervention knowledge scores had a median of 9 out of 10). In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between preintervention (mean 3.9/5, SD 0.56) and postintervention (mean 4.4/5, SD 0.44) confidence in knowledge scores (t30=−5.083; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results demonstrate that parents positively rated a web-based, infographic for pediatric concussion. In addition, although there was no statistically significant difference overall in parents’ knowledge scores before and after viewing the infographic, their confidence in their knowledge did significantly increase. These results suggest that using a web-based infographic as a knowledge translation intervention may be useful in increasing parents’ confidence in managing their child’s concussion.

CLINICALTRIAL
Outbreak Investigation of a Foodborne Illness in Village Bachal Soomro, District Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan (December 2020): Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Qureshi Kashif , Hussain Mudassar , Masood Naveed , Gadehi Muhammad Ali , Bhurt Saeed Ahmed , Baig Mirza Zeeshan , Kumar Aneel , Sand Aurangzeb , Ashraf Nosheen , Khan Mumtaz Ali , Ikram Aamer , Bahoto Muhammed Juman
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

On December 3, 2020, district health authorities reported 15 suspected cases of gastroenteritis, including 4 deaths, from Village Bachal Soomro after a mourning ceremony.

OBJECTIVE

Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP) fellows investigated the suspected outbreak, with the objective to determine the magnitude of the outbreak and to evaluate associated risk factors.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on December 3, 2020, at Village Bachal Soomro. The complete cohort was traced back, and a pretested structured questionnaire was adopted to obtain demographic, clinical, and risk factor information. A case was defined as “any individual who attended the mourning ceremony at Village Bachal Soomro on December 3, 2020, and presented with any of the following symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal pain/cramps, and drowsiness.” Descriptive analysis followed by multiple logistic regression was performed. Different blood, stool, oropharyngeal swab, drinking water, and milk samples were sent for microbiological and chemical investigation.

RESULTS

Of 61 participants, 32 (52%) were males and the median age was 23 years (range 1-70 years). The overall attack rate was 72%, while the most affected age group was 10-19 years, with an attack rate of 85%. The majority of cases presented with diarrhea (47/61, 77%), followed by abdominal pain (44/61, 72%), vomiting (43/61, 70%), body ache (29/61, 48%), drowsiness (10/61, 16%), and fever (4/61, 7%). Among all food items, dessert had the highest food-specific attack rate of 90%. Among all risk factors, consumption of dessert (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 61.3, 95% CI 6.1-613.1), water (aOR 23.9, 95% CI 2.0-276.7), and buffalo milk (aOR 7.9, 95% CI 1.22-51.8) were found to be significantly associated with the attack. Distribution of cases showed a common point source that was probably due to a single pathogen source.

CONCLUSIONS

Dessert was prepared 10-12 hours prior to meal intake, so the outbreak was probably caused by dessert prepared with contaminated milk and water, with enterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus. Community awareness of personal hygiene, proper storage/preservation of food items, and provision of safe drinking water are suggested.
Surveillance System Evaluation for COVID-19 Vaccine–Associated Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI), Sindh Pakistan (2021) (Preprint)
Authors: Qureshi Samreen Ashraf , Masood Naveed , Syed Asif , Hussain Mudassar , Hussain Kashif , Bhurt Saeed Ahmed , Gadehi Muhammad Ali , Memon Fahad , Bahoto Muhammad Juman
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

In February 2021, a mass vaccination campaign commenced in Sindh Province in response to the COVID-19 epidemic. An adverse-events-following-immunization surveillance system (AEFI-SS) was established to monitor the adverse events following vaccination.

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated the AEFI-SS with the aim to identify its strengths and weaknesses and suggest recommendations.

METHODS

In May-June 2021, a descriptive evaluation study was conducted in Sindh Province, Pakistan. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) updated guidelines for evaluation of SS-2001 were followed to measure the qualitative, quantitative, and utility attributes of the AEFI-SS. Key stakeholders were identified based on their involvement in the AEFI-SS and were interviewed. Case investigation proformas for the AEFI were randomly reviewed for data quality, timeliness, and completeness. Sensitivity was calculated. Each attribute was rated as good, fair, or poor based on a scoring legend.

RESULTS

The SS was useful in effectively identifying 7147 cases of AEFIs. Timeliness of all AEFI cases was good and was found to be 100%, as all cases were reported within 24 hours. The World Health Organization (WHO)-approved case definition was used for the identification of AEFI cases and had a simple flow of information. The AEFI-SS was good in data quality and completeness (100%), and data collection tools were filled by trained medical officers. Sensitivity was 100%, and the predictive value positive (PVP) was not calculated due to the absence of a laboratory component. Good representativeness (>80%) of the population was covered by 1004 vaccination centers. The system was found to be stable as resources of the health department government of Sindh were being used. The AEFI-SS was paper based and deficient in a feedback mechanism.

CONCLUSIONS

Sindh Province has an appropriate surveillance mechanism for AEFI detection and management for the ongoing COVID-19 vaccination SS. The representativeness can be increased by involvement of the private health sector. Establishment of a feedback mechanism and digital data transformation and integration of the AEFI system with the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) are recommended.
Assessment of Farmers’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Related to Milk-borne Zoonosis in District Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Preprint)
Authors: Alam Javaria , Alam Javaria , Nadeem ur Rehman Syed , Chaudhry Ambreen , Athar Abbas Muhammad , Fatima Zahida , Wasif Malik Muhammad , Abbas Ranjha Muazzam , Iqbal Baig Zeeshan , Ashraf Nosheen , Ali Khan Mumtaz , A Ansari Jamil , Ikram Aamer
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Milk-borne zoonotic diseases can be acquired by the consumption of nonpasteurized and infected dairy products. Zoonotic infections present a serious public health concern that is responsible for approximately 2.7 billion deaths annually worldwide. However, little is known about the attitudes and knowledge of the farmers regarding milk-borne zoonosis.

OBJECTIVE

This study was performed with an aim to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of farmers regarding milk-borne zoonosis.

METHODS

This cross-sectional KAP study was conducted in District Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, from September 1 to October 30, 2019. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect information from respondents regarding different aspects of milk-borne zoonosis. All small dairy farms (n=56) with more than 5 animals in District Muzaffarabad were included in this study. Data were collected from respondents (n=100), with an inclusion criterion of having a dairy experience of more than 6 months.

RESULTS

The findings show that almost 86% of the farmers were unable to name any milk-borne zoonotic disease. About 45.5% of the farmers were unaware of the fact that milk can be a potential source of disease transmission. None of the respondents had any idea about the pasteurization method, and 50% of them had no habit of checking milk quality. However, 81% of the respondents preferred to use boiled milk. Almost 28% of the farmers with high-level education were able to name at least one milk-borne zoonotic disease. The majority of the respondents (99%) did not receive any formal training about zoonotic diseases.

CONCLUSIONS

According to the study, the overall knowledge of farmers regarding milk-borne zoonosis is not adequate. Despite having a positive attitude, the practices of the respondents regarding milk handling were found to be poor. Awareness about important zoonotic diseases and their source of transmission should be created, and a one-health approach to deal with zoonotic infections should be adopted.
Гастроентерологічна допомога населенню України: основні показники здоров’я та ресурсне забезпечення у 2011 р.
Authors: Stepanov Yu.M. , Skyrda I.Yu.
Published: January 2022

У статті надано характеристику основних показників здоров’я населення (поширеність, захворюваність) у частині хронічних захворювань органів травлення. Проаналізовані кількісні та якісні складові гастроентерологічної допомоги. Показана діяльність діагностичного сектора та його ресурсне забезпечення. Отримані дані свідчать про необхідність розробки напрямів з оптимізації надання спеціалізованої гастроентерологічної допомоги населенню України та можуть бути використані для проведення соціальної та організаційної стратегії охорони здоров’я в розділі гастроентерології.
Современные подходы к оптимизации диагностики и лечения экзокринной панкреатической недостаточности
Authors: Tkach S.M. , Shvets O.V.
Published: January 2022

В статье рассмотрены этиология и современные диагностические методы исследования внешнесекреторной недостаточности поджелудочной железы, в частности неинвазивный 13С-смешанный триглицеридный тест, позволяющий не только косвенно определить активность панкреатической липазы в двенадцатиперстной кишке, но и оценить эффективность заместительной гормональной терапии. Приведено сравнительное клиническое исследование, основной целью которого стало уточнение возможностей применения 13С-триглицеридного дыхательного теста для оптимизации диагностики и коррекции внешнесекреторной недостаточности поджелудочной железы. Оценивалась эффективность пероральной заместительной ферментной терапии с использованием препарата Пангрол® 25000.
Безопасность и потенциальные риски длительного применения ингибиторов протонной помпы
Authors: Tkach S.M.
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена применению ингибиторов протонной помпы в гастроэнтерологии. Рассматривается влияние применения ингибиторов протонной помпы на течение различных процессов в организме, таких как всасывание витаминов и минералов, развитие остеопороза и переломов, риски развития инфекций, опухолей, патологии почек. Отдельно поднимается вопрос взаимодействия омепразола с другими лекарственными препаратами.
Воспаление при хронических заболеваниях печени и возможные подходы к лечению
Authors: Chernyavsky V.V. , Chernyavsky V.V. , Sizenko A.K. , Gvozdetskaya L.S.
Published: January 2022

Воспалительные реакции являются центральной составляющей процесса восстановления печени после повреждений различной этиологии. В реализации данных реакций принимает участие большое количество провоспалительных цитокинов: интерфероны, интерлейкины, факторы некроза опухоли, трансформирующие факторы роста, колониестимулирующие факторы и хемокины. Таким образом, изучение различных способов воздействия на конкретные медиаторы воспаления и воспалительный процесс в целом на сегодняшний день является перспективным направлением в разработке стратегий ведения пациентов с воспалительными заболеваниями печени. Актуальным остается и вопрос о целесообразности применения у данной категории пациентов различного рода средств патогенетической терапии, традиционно называемых гепатопротекторами. Данная статья посвящена детальному рассмотрению механизмов хронического воспалительного процесса при гепатитах различной этиологии, некоторых аспектов диагностики приведенных заболеваний и изучению эффективности патогенетической противовоспалительной терапии с определением ее места в лечении указанной патологии.
Вплив функціональних порушень біліарного тракту на стан печінки в підлітків
Authors: Yeshchenko A.V.
Published: January 2022

У статті показана провідна роль гіпокінетичної дисфункції біліарного тракту, порушення внутрішньопечінкового кровотоку по судинах дрібного й середнього діаметра й інтенсифікації вільнорадикального окислення ліпідів у формуванні початкових порушень функції печінки в підлітків.
Место пункционной биопсии в диагностике хронических диффузных заболеваний печени
Authors: Orlovsky D.V. , Oshmyanskaya N.Yu. , Nedzvetskaya N.V.
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматриваются вопросы диагностики хронических диффузных заболеваний печени. Представлен краткий обзор неинвазивных методов диагностики фиброза печени и чрескожной пункционной трепан-биопсии. Проведено сравнение между гистологическими изменениями (активность воспалительного процесса и стадия фиброза), уровнем трансаминаз крови, неинвазивными расчетными индексами (Forns, AAR, FIB-4, APRI, HALT-C, GUCI) и эхографическими характеристиками печени. По результатам проведенного исследования показано, что гистологическое исследование биоптата печени является единственным достоверным способом оценки активности и стадии фиброза при хронических диффузных заболеваний печени. Наиболее эффективным и безопасным методом получения ткани печени является пункционная биопсия под непрерывным УЗ-контролем с применением при необходимости допплерографических методов. При наличии опытного персонала, необходимого оборудования, соблюдении методики вмешательства и мер профилактики осложнений чрескожная пункционная трепан-биопсия должна выполняться каждому больному хроническими диффузными заболеваниями печени для постановки точного диагноза и контроля лечения.
Особливості стану верхніх відділів шлунково-кишкового тракту за даними ендоскопічного дослідження у хворих на хронічний криптогенний гепатит і цироз печінки
Authors: Simonova O.V. , Melnychenko L.Ya, , Yagmur V.B.
Published: January 2022

Наведено дані щодо вивчення слизової оболонки стравоходу, шлунка й дванадцятипалої кишки хворих на криптогенний гепатит і цироз печінки. Виявлено зміни, обумовлені портальною гіпертензією (варикозне розширення вен стравоходу й шлунка, портальна гастропатія), і зміни, поєднані з хронічними дифузними запальними захворюваннями печінки (ознаки рефлюксної хвороби, ерозивні й геморагічні зміни слизової оболонки шлунка й дванадцятипалої кишки). Особливістю гастропатій при цирозах печінки, на відміну від гастропатій, що перебігають самостійно, були більш виражені інтенсивність і поширеність у шлунку еритематозних змін слизової, що пов’язано з формуванням портальної гіпертензії й коагулопатії і не корелює з вираженістю запалення на мікроскопічному рівні.
Хронический гепатит С и синдром перегрузки железом
Authors: Burnevich E.Z. , Severov M.V. , Severova M.M
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматриваются вопросы патогенеза и коррекции синдрома перегрузки железом у пациентов с хроническим вирусным гепатитом С. Уделено внимание применению комбинации пегилированного ИФН-α и рибавирина, а также кровопусканиям как адъювантному компоненту противовирусной терапии.
Cовременные возможности повышения эффективности лечения гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни
Authors: Tkach S.M.
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена лечению одного из наиболее распространенных патологических состояний в гастроэнтерологии — гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни. Основное внимание уделено применению ингибиторов протонной помпы, а также их комбинации с прокинетиками.
Клініко-ендоскопічні аспекти кандидозу слизової оболонки верхнього відділу шлунково-кишкового тракту у пацієнтів з гастроентерологічною патологією
Authors: Kushnirenko I.V , Mosiychuk L.M. , Krylova O.O. , Belova L.I. , Demeshkina L.V.
Published: January 2022

Стаття присвячена розв’язанню актуальних питань взаємозв’язку клінічних та ендоскопічних аспектів кандидозу слизової оболонки (СО) верхнього відділу шлунково-кишкового тракту. Результати досліджень, проведених у 122 пацієнтів, дозволили виявити превалювання диспептичного синдрому в пацієнтів із даною патологією, при цьому в пацієнтів з ураженням стравоходу інтенсивність синдрому абдомінального болю в 1,5 раза перевищує таку в групі лише з орофарингеальним кандидозом (р < 0,001). Більш глибоке ураження СО асоціюється зі збільшенням частоти виявлення макроскопічних ознак запалення у стравоході (р < 0,05), нальоту на язику (r = 0,220; р = 0,02), утруднення проходження їжі стравоходом (r = 0,235; р = 0,02), болю за грудниною (r = 0,249; р = 0,01) при відсутності впливу таких факторів, як шлунково-стравохідний і дуоденогастральний рефлюкси. Виявлений прямий взаємозв’язок макроскопічних ознак запалення і рубцевої деформації в цибулині дванадцятипалої кишки зі ступенем кандидозу (r = 0,250; р = 0,01). У цілому аналіз отриманих даних показав необхідність подальшого осмислення ролі опортуністичної інфекції у формуванні патологічних процесів і розвитку захворювань.
Патогенетична роль оксиду азоту у формуванні різних варіантів гастроезофагеальної рефлюксної хвороби у військовослужбовців
Authors: Osyodlo G.V. , Burlaka A.P. , Sydorenko І.I. , Potaskalova V.S.
Published: January 2022

У статті наведені огляд літератури та аналіз результатів власних досліджень щодо патогенетичної ролі оксиду азоту у формуванні різних варіантів гастроезофагеальної рефлюксної хвороби у військовослужбовців з урахуванням гістоморфологічної картини слизової оболонки стравоходу.
Дифференцированный подход к органосохраняющим операциям в лечении желчнокаменной болезни
Authors: Shevchenko B.F. , Babiy A.M.
Published: January 2022

Обследовано 163 пациента с неосложненным одиночным холецистолитиазом. На основании данных клинико-лабораторных, инструментальных исследований и лапароскопии были уточнены известные и дополнены новые критерии отбора пациентов для осуществления органосохраняющей операции — холецистолитотомии, которая выполнена в 67 (41,1 %) случаях, остальным 96 пациентам произведена холецистэктомия. В отдаленном периоде (в сроки до 6,2 года) рецидив камнеобразования после холецистолитотомии отмечен в 5 (10,6 %) случаях, функциональные нарушения органов пищеварения после холецистэктомии — в 22,2 % случаев.
Особенности вегетативной регуляции у больных с хроническим панкреатитом в сочетании с хроническим бронхитом по результатам частотного анализа вариабельности ритма сердца
Authors: Gubergrits N.B. , Zykova Ye.S.
Published: January 2022

Обследовано 60 больных хроническим панкреатитом в сочетании с хроническим бронхитом. На основе проведения частотного анализа вариабельности сердечного ритма получены данные относительно наличия вегетативной дисфункции у пациентов. Показано, что имеет место усиление влияния парасимпатического отдела вегетативной нервной системы.
У 2014 році Інституту гастроентерології НАМН України — 50 років!
Authors: . .
Published: January 2022

До 1964 року поширеність хронічних захворювань органів травлення вже займала 4-те місце серед інших захворювань. У зв’язку з великою соціальною значущістю гастроентерології як основної галузі медичної науки і практики Постановою Ради Міністрів Української РСР від 19 грудня 1964 року і наказом Міністерства охорони здоров’я УРСР № 40 від 19 січня 1965 року створений Дніпропетровський інститут гастроентерології, що почав свою діяльність 16 березня 1965 року.
Лідія Яківна Мельниченко (До 75-річчя від дня народження)
Authors: . .
Published: January 2022

8 серпня 2013 року доктору медичних наук, головному науковому співробітнику відділу захворювань печінки та підшлункової залози ДУ «Інститут гастроентерології НАМН України» Лідії Яківні Мельниченко виповнюється 75 років.