bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The lymphatic system: a pathway for meta-inflammation in permafrost immunity
Authors: Chiappelli Francesco
Published: October 2023

The lymphatic system is the anatomical substratum of immunity. Lymphatics collect tissue exudates, which contain cell debris, peptides, micronutrients and pathogens, as well as immune naive and memory effector cells from the body tissues and organs into the lymph. Lined by endothelial cells cemented together by tight junctions to ensure their impermeability, lymphatics contain valves that prevent the backward flow of the lymph as it moves forward toward the right and left venous angles, the anatomical site of confluence with the venous blood. Meta-inflammation increases the permeability of lymphatics, rendering the elderly more susceptible to novel and ancient airborne viruses released by melting glaciers and permafrost. Simple public health protocols (e.g., mask-wearing, quarantine) are essential to minimize colliding epidemics/pandemics, and favor permafrost immunity.
Assessment and Contrast the Sustainable Growth of Various Road Transport Systems using Intelligent Neutrosophic Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model
Authors: Nabeeh Nada
Published: October 2023

This study analyses the elements and approaches to creating sustainable transport systems, with a focus on road travel. The study examines the environmental and economic aspects of sustainable road transport and stresses the need to curb carbon emissions, boost energy efficiency, clean the air, ensure everyone has easy access to transport, and think about societal goals as a whole. Important considerations including environmental effect, energy efficiency, legislative frameworks, and economic impact are highlighted in the study. The MCDM model is used as a complexity instrument to strike a balance between competing objectives and criteria. This research may help stakeholders use the MCDM method to better comprehend the existing condition of transport networks and to better plan for future sustainability actions. The primary goal of this article is to analyze and contrast how various present road transport systems have progressed toward a more sustainable future. Sustainability in road transport systems is discussed, and a framework procedure is presented based on the integrated single-valued neutrosophic set and DEMATEL approach. The factor relationship was built using the DEMATEL technique. There were 14 secondary criteria employed in addition to the four primary ones.
SFMR-SH: Secure Framework for Mitigating Ransomware Attacks in Smart Healthcare Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Alenizi Jamal , Alrashdi Ibrahim
Published: October 2023

As the healthcare industry increasingly relies on digital technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) to improve patient care and streamline operations, the vulnerability to ransomware attacks has become a significant concern. In response to this pressing issue, we present SFMR-SH (Secure Framework for Mitigating Ransomware Attacks in Smart Healthcare), a groundbreaking approach that integrates IoT devices with blockchain technology to fortify healthcare data security. SFMR-SH leverages blockchain's inherent properties, including immutability and transparency, to create an impervious fortress for sensitive patient data. Through comprehensive simulations employing machine learning algorithms (KNN, SVM, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and XGB), we assess the framework's ability to detect and mitigate ransomware attacks. Results underscore the framework's effectiveness, achieving an impressive detection accuracy of 99.33%. This research represents a significant stride in fortifying smart healthcare systems, providing a secure environment amid the escalating threat landscape, and ensuring the uninterrupted delivery of vital healthcare services. Our findings highlight the exceptional promise of SFMR-SH in revolutionizing healthcare data security, safeguarding patient privacy, and fortifying the future of smart healthcare systems in an increasingly digitalized healthcare landscape.
Sustainable Supply Chain Management in the Age of Machine Intelligence: Addressing Challenges, Capitalizing on Opportunities, and Shaping the Future Landscape
Authors: Muthuswamy Myvizhi , M. Ali Ahmed
Published: October 2023

In today's rapidly evolving business landscape, the convergence of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) and machine intelligence, encompassing artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), represents a dynamic and transformative nexus. This comprehensive survey paper navigates the intricate terrain of sustainable supply chain practices, delving into its principles, challenges, and the pressing need for organizations to embrace environmental responsibility, ethical sourcing, and social equity. Simultaneously, it explores the disruptive potential of machine intelligence, offering insights into its underlying principles, vast applications, and its pivotal role in optimizing supply chain operations. Through a systematic analysis, this paper uncovers the complex interplay between SSCM and machine intelligence, starting with the foundational principles of each discipline. It then scrutinizes the challenges encountered in integrating machine intelligence with sustainability, including data complexities, ethical dilemmas, and the need for skilled personnel. Conversely, the paper illuminates the myriad opportunities that arise from this synergy, from enhancing demand forecasting and inventory management to fostering sustainable sourcing practices and reducing waste. In closing, the paper anticipates the future landscape of sustainable supply chains in the age of machine intelligence, highlighting emerging trends, technological innovations, and the ethical considerations that will shape the trajectory of this evolving field. It is our hope that this survey serves as a valuable resource for businesses, policymakers, and researchers alike, inspiring the pursuit of environmentally responsible, economically viable, and ethically sound supply chains in an increasingly interconnected world.
Exploring the Ethics and Responsibilities of Internship Medical Students in the Doctor-Patient Relationship
Authors: Zhang Rongwu , Pang Liuyou , Wang Lei
Published: October 2023

As the complexity of medical services and the diversity of patients' needs increase, the doctor-patient relationship is facing unprecedented challenges. As an important part of healthcare delivery, the behavior of medical students-in-training directly affects the quality of the doctor-patient relationship and the effectiveness of healthcare delivery. However, medical students-in-training may feel confused and stressed when faced with ethical challenges and professional responsibilities. This has triggered the need for in-depth research on the professional ethics and responsibilities of medical students-in-training in the doctor-patient relationship. This paper proposes several strategies to improve the professional ethics of medical students in internship, including enhancing professional ethics education, training in communication skills, ethics training through simulation and scenario-based teaching, establishing and adhering to clinical practice guidelines, and mentoring and reflection in practice, to promote the growth of medical students in internship, improve the quality of healthcare services, and maintain a good doctor-patient relationship.
Research on Strategies for the Innovative Teaching Design of College English in the New Era Based on Case Studies
Authors: Ye Yao
Published: October 2023

In this new era, the economic globalization and rapid development of science and technology are calling an innovation of college English teaching in higher education. Based on the study on the teaching designs in FLTRP Star Teacher Contest and papers relating to college English teaching innovation, this paper is trying to find useful strategies for the innovative teaching design of college English curricula, hoping to make a contribution to the exploration of English teaching innovation in higher education.
Optimization Strategy of Railway Transportation in Guangdong, Hong Kong（China）, and Macao（China） Greater Bay Area Based on Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)
Authors: Cao Huihong , Chen Jinxin
Published: October 2023

With the rapid development of China's economy, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is experiencing rapid economic growth, increasing population, and extremely high regional foot traffic, which brings great challenges to the transportation system. To support the sustainable development of the Guangdong, Hong Kong(China), and Macao(China) Greater Bay Area, optimizing the rail transportation system of the Guangdong, Hong Kong(China), and Macao(China) Greater Bay Area has become an urgent task. At present, the construction of ITS has become an important trend in modern society, and the efficiency and convenience of transportation can be improved through the application of ITS and the implementation of optimization strategies. By optimizing line planning and design, rationalizing train operation schedules, and implementing intelligent scheduling and operation management to reduce congestion and increase operation speed and frequency, the efficiency of the overall rail transit system can be improved to provide more efficient, convenient, and safe travel options for residents, enterprises, and tourists, and to promote the economic development and sustainable urban development of the Greater Bay Area.
Color Doppler Ultrasound of the Testis in Young Men with a Serum Testosterone Level below the Average Values of the Standard for a Prolonged Period
Authors:   Department Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria, Lazarov Georgi , Mladenov Vladislav ,   Hospital in Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Sofia, Аndrological office, 1330 Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: October 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to correlate the testicular volume, ultrasound imaging, and blood flow parameters, determined using color Doppler ultrasonography in young men with a testosterone level below the average values of the standard for a prolonged period. Material and Methods: From January 2013 and December 2019, we examined 73 men aged 37 to 45 years with a testosterone level below the average values of the standard for a prolonged period and а 20 age-matched men with a testosterone level above the average values of the standard. We use color Doppler ultrasound as a method to evaluate the volume, ultrasound imaging and Doppler parameters of the testicular blood flow. Results: We obtained significantly lower but still within the reference range values for total testosterone (p<0.001), compared to those of the control group. We found no differences in the ultrasound characteristics of the testicular parenchyma and significant differences between testicular volumes in patients with a testosterone level below the average values of the standard for a prolonged period and those in the control group. In the color Doppler ultrasound we recorded fluctuations only in the blood flow of a aa.intratesticularis, expressed in a slight increase in the resistance index. Conclusions: Ultrasonography of young men with a serum T level below the average values of the standard for a prolonged period found no reduction in testicular volume and no change in the ultrasound characteristic of the parenchyma, which suggests to us that this is not a congenital condition, but cannot answer the question of whether it will lead to structural changes in the testicles in the future and if so what. The non-significant increase in RI in the intratesticular arteries in all examined men is a non-specific indicator that directs the specialist’s attention to additional testing of total testosterone in patients with complaints from the male reproductive system.
Research on polarization characteristics of background light by modified polarization difference imaging method
Authors: Xu Jing-Han , Wu Guo-Jun , Dong Jing , Yu Yang , Feng Fei , Liu Bo ,   Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Qingdao Ocean Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
Published: October 2023

The random scattering event of light by water medium is the primary reason for the degradation in underwater imaging. Underwater polarization imaging technology can enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of imaging effectively by utilizing the polarization information difference between background scattered light and target light. However, as scattering events increase in the water body, it is difficult to maintain the polarization characteristics of light, which reduces the effect of removing scattering based on polarization characteristics. In addition, the polarization rule of background scattered light in water is unclear, and there is a lack of quantitative description of the polarization characteristics of scattered light. Therefore, the study of polarization transmission characteristics of underwater scattered light is of great significance in reducing the scattering light of underwater polarization imaging.

In order to clarify the polarization characteristics of underwater background scattered light, especially the polarization angle information, this paper proposes a method for ascertaining polarization angle of background light based on modified polarization difference imaging method. In this method, the coupling relationship between optimal weight coefficient and enhancement measure evaluation (EME) value of the Stokes vector difference result is analyzed, and the background light polarization angle is calculated based on the optimal weight coefficient. Combined with the experimental results, the EME distribution trend of the optimal weight coefficient and the modified polarization difference imaging method results in different turbidity water bodies are determined, the scattering suppression limit is explored, and the trend of background scattered light polarization direction with turbidity of water is analyzed. The results show that the proposed method can obtain the exact polarization angle of background scattered light in different water environments, revealing a trend that the polarization direction of background scattered light becomes orthogonal to the incident light direction as the turbidity of the water increases. This research provides a methodological basis for determining the polarization direction of the background scattered light in underwater imaging.
Theoretical calculation of response sensitivity of CsI photocathode of soft X-ray streak camera
Authors: He Xiao-An , Yang Jia-Min , Li Yu-Kun , Li Jin , Xiong Gang ,   Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Sciences, Mianyang 621900, China,   Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Published: October 2023

The response sensitivity of CsI photocathode is an important parameter for the quantitative diagnosis of X-ray spectroscopy by soft X-ray streak camera, and its theoretical calculation has important guiding significance. The current theoretical analytical models are based on the one-dimensional random walking model of secondary electrons generated by thin film photocathodes, including the Henke model under the condition of normal incidence of X-rays and energy greater than 1 keV, and the Fraser model under variable angle incidence and photocathode thickness greater than 100 nm, which have certain limitations. In this paper, the basic expression of the probability of secondary electron transmission is introduced, and the general expression of the response sensitivity of CsI photocathode is deduced, which varies with X-ray energy E, photocathode thickness t, and angle θ between X-ray and cathode surface in a larger parameter range (X-ray energy 0.1–10 keV, photocathode thickness 10–200 nm). Finally, the theoretical calculation results of this paper are discussed by comparing it with those from the Henke model, Fraser model, literature data and experimental data on Beijing synchrotron radiation facility, which verifies the accuracy and universality of the computational model, and a theoretical reference is provided for optimally designing the CsI photocathode in high-time-resolution spectrometric quantitative measurement.
Efficient optical nonreciprocity based on four-wave mixing effect in semiconductor quantum well
Authors: Ge Yun-Ran , Zheng Kang , Ding Chun-Ling , Hao Xiang-Ying , Jin Rui-Bo ,   Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430200, China
Published: October 2023

Optical nonreciprocity has been a popular research topic in recent years. Semiconductor quantum wells (SQWs) play a key role in many high-performance optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we propose a theoretical scheme to achieve nonmagnetic optical nonreciprocity based on the four-wave mixing effect in SQW nanostructures. Using the experimentally available parameters, the nonreciprocal behavior of the probe field in forward direction and backward direction is achieved through this SQW, where both nonreciprocal transmission and nonreciprocal phase shift have high transmission rates. Furthermore, by embedding this SQW nanostructure into a Mach-Zender interferometer, a reconfigurable nonreciprocal device based on high transmission nonreciprocal phase shift that can be used as an isolator or a circulator, is designed and analyzed. The device can be realized as a two-port optical isolator with an isolation ratio of 92.39 dB and an insertion loss of 0.25 dB, and as a four-port optical circulator with a fidelity of 0.9993, a photon survival probability of 0.9518 and a low insertion loss with suitable parameters. Semiconductor media have the advantages of easier integration and tunable parameters, and this scheme can provide theoretical guidance for implementing nonreciprocal and nonreciprocal photonic devices based on semiconductor solid-state media.
Enhanced production of 199Hg cold atoms based on two-dimensional magneto-optical trap
Authors: Yu Ze-Xin , Liu Qi-Xin , Sun Jian-Fang , Xu Zhen ,   Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: October 2023

Efficient preparation of cold atoms plays an important role in realizing precision measurement including optical lattice clocks (OLCs). Fast preparation of cold atoms reduces Dick noise by shortening dead time in a clock interrogation cycle, which improves the stability of OLCs. Here, we increase the loading rate of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (3D-MOT) in the ultra-high vacuum environment by utilizing the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (2D-MOT) with a push beam, reduce the temperature of cold atoms with the compression-MOT technique which is implemented by reducing the detuning of 3D-MOT rapidly at the end of atom preparation, and realize the enhanced production of cold atoms for 199Hg OLCs. To achieve 3D-MOT and 2D-MOT of mercury atoms, a deep ultraviolet laser (DUVL) system composed of three DUVLs is developed with one working in lower power for frequency locking and the other two in high power for laser cooling. Such a configuration improves the long-term frequency stability and shows greater robustness than our previous system consisting of two DUVLs. To maximize the 3D-MOT loading rate, we orderly optimize the detuning and the magnetic field gradient of 3D-MOT and those of 2D-MOT as well as the detuning and the power of the push beam. After all parameters are optimized, we measure the maximum loading rate of 3D-MOT to be 3.1×105 s–1 and prepare cold atoms of 1.8×106 in 9 s. The loading rate is greatly enhanced by a factor of 51 by using 2D-MOT and the push beam. In order to improve the efficiency of transferring cold atoms from 3D-MOT to optical lattice, we use compression-MOT technique to reduce the temperature of cold atoms and produce cold 199Hg atoms which are about 45 μK, lower than the expected temperature of Doppler cooling theory. By achieving the high gain of the 3D-MOT loading rate under the ultra-high vacuum and reducing the temperature of cold atoms, this enhanced preparation of cold atoms based on 2D-MOT effectively shortens the preparation time of cold atoms and improves the transfer efficiency of optical lattice, which provides a significant scheme for efficiently preparing cold mercury atoms in other experiments.
Calculation of positron annihilation lifetime in diamond doped with B, Cr, Mo, Ti, W, Zr
Authors: Zhao Yong-Sheng , Yan Feng-Yun , Liu Xue ,   State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730060, China,   School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou 730060, China,   School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730060, China
Published: October 2023

Metal-matrix diamond composites have been extensively used and studied, but vacancies, doping, and other defects caused by the pretreatment of the diamond surface significantly affect the interface property between the metal base and diamond. Although techniques like transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy analysis have been used to detect defects, they present certain limitations. Calculating the positron annihilation lifetime in diamond provides an accurate assessment of interface defect in the diamond. This study uses first-principles calculation methods and adopts various positron annihilation algorithms and enhancement factors, to compute the positron annihilation lifetimes in ideal diamond crystals, single vacancies, and diamond crystals doped with B, Cr, Mo, Ti, W, and Zr. The results, obtained by using local density functional in combination with Boronski & Nieminen algorithms and random-phase approximation restriction as annihilation enhancement factors, indicate that the computed positron annihilation lifetime of diamond is 119.87 ps, which is consistent closely with the experimental result in the literature. Furthermore, after B, Cr, Mo, Ti, W, and Zr atoms are doped into diamond (doping atomic concentration of 1.6%), the positron annihilation lifetimes change from a single vacancy 119.87 ps to 148.57, 156.82, 119.05, 116.5, 117.62, and 115.74 ps respectively. This implies that the defects due to doped atoms in diamond change their positron annihilation lifetimes, with the influence varying according to the different atoms doped. Based on the calculated electron density in diamond vacancies and doped atom areas, it is discovered that doping atoms do not cause severe distortion in the diamond lattice. However, after B and Cr atoms are doped, the positron annihilation lifetime increases significantly. The primary reason is that the relatively low positron affinity of B and Cr atoms results in an extended positron residence time in the vacancy, thereby increasing the annihilation lifetime. Overall, vacancies and doped atom defects in diamond will cause its positron annihilation lifetime to change. The above conclusions provide crucial theoretical references for detecting and identifying interface defects caused by doping treatment on the diamond surface during the preparation of metal-matrix diamond composites.
Simulation of effect of metal particles on breakdown process of three-electrode gas spark switches
Authors: Zhou Xin-Miao , Zhang Bo-Ya , Chen Li , Li Xing-Wen ,   State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Published: October 2023

Compared with two-electrode gas spark switch, three-electrode gas spark switch has the advantages of lower operating voltage, higher reliability and less discharge jitter, so it has been widely used in pulse power systems. However, due to the characteristics of pulse power technology, the gas spark switch is easy to cause ablation on the electrode surface during use, and the metal particles generated by ablation will significantly affect the stability and reliability of the switch. In this work the discharge process of the three-electrode gas spark switch under atmospheric pressure nitrogen environment is simulated first. In this model, the ionization coefficient near the trigger electrode is modified to compensate for the shortcomings of the local field approximation, and the relevant mathematical derivation process is given. The formation of the initial electrons is described by the field electron emission phenomenon, and the development process of electron collapse into the streamer is obtained. The physical mechanism of switch on is investigated, and the development process of each stage of switch discharge is described in detail. Then, the discharge process of the switch is studied when there are metal particles near the trigger. The study shows that the presence of metal particles enhances the electric field near the trigger and accelerates the formation of the initial electron cloud. In addition, in the presence of metal particles, the metal particles and the trigger will first break down, forming a high-density plasma channel after the breakdown, and becoming the source of the subsequent flow development. At the same time, because the metal particles on the channel have an obstructing effect on the streamer development, the streamer generates a discharge branch after contacting metal particles. In the end, the influences of metal particles of different shapes and sizes on the discharge process are discussed. The results show that metal particles with sharp shapes have stronger electric field distortion, when the electric field intensity is large enough, it may cause field emission on the surface of metal particle. And it is also made clear that the size of metal particle is small, the obstruction of the development path of streamer is small, and the streamers quickly converge behind the particles.
Narrow band absorption and sensing properties of the THz metasurface based on single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Wang Yue , Zhang Wan-Ying , Zhang Xiao-Ju , Luo Fan , Song Bo-Chen , Zhang Kuang , Shi Wei ,   Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710054, China,   School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Published: October 2023

Due to their excellent electrical and optical properties, carbon nanotubes have broad application prospects in the field of optoelectronics. In this work the vacuum filtration method is used to obtain an isotropic single-walled carbon nanotube film by the dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotube powder through vacuum filtration; on the basis of extracting the dielectric parameters of the thin film in a range from 0.4 to 2.0 THz, a novel terahertz metasurface narrowband absorber based on single-walled carbon nanotube films is designed and prepared. This metasurface absorber is composed of square and I-shaped narrow slot resonators. The experimental and simulation results show that the proposed terahertz metasurface absorber exhibits four distinct resonance absorption peaks at 0.65, 0.85, 1.16, and 1.31 THz, respectively, achieving a perfect absorption of up to 90%. The absorption mechanism of this novel multi band terahertz metasurface is elucidated by using the theory of multiple reflection interference. By covering dielectric layers with different refractive indices on the surface of metasurface device, the sensing performance of metasurface acting as refractive index sensor is studied in depth. The research results indicate that this new type of metasurface absorber has high sensitivity for refractive index sensing, providing new ideas and solutions for further developing carbon-based new terahertz metasurface absorbers.
The PMA Phorbol Ester Tumor Promoter Increases Canonical Wnt Signaling Via Macropinocytosis
Authors: Tejeda-Muñoz Nydia , Azbazdar Yagmur , Monka Julia , Binder Grace , Dayrit Alex , Ayala Raul , O’Brien Neil , De Robertis Edward M.
Published: October 2023

Activation of the Wnt pathway lies at the core of many human cancers. Wnt and macropinocytosis are often active in the same processes, and understanding how Wnt signaling and membrane trafficking cooperate should improve our understanding of embryonic development and cancer. Here we show that a macropinocytosis activator, the tumor promoter Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), enhances Wnt signaling. Experiments using the
Xenopus
embryo as an in vivo model showed marked cooperation between the PMA phorbol ester and Wnt signaling, which was blocked by inhibitors of macropinocytosis, Rac1 activity, and lysosome acidification. Human colorectal cancer tissue arrays and xenografts in mice showed a correlation of cancer progression with increased macropinocytosis/multivesicular body/lysosome markers and decreased GSK3 levels. The crosstalk between canonical Wnt, focal adhesions, lysosomes, and macropinocytosis suggests possible therapeutic targets for cancer progression in Wnt-driven cancers.
Morphology and ultrastructure of external sense organs of Drosophila larvae
Authors: Richter Vincent , Rist Anna , Kislinger Georg , Laumann Michael , Schoofs Andreas , Miroschnikow Anton , Pankratz Michael , Cardona Albert , Thum Andreas S.
Published: October 2023

Sensory perception is the ability through which an organism is able to process sensory stimuli from the environment. This stimulus is transmitted from the peripheral sensory organs to the central nervous system, where it is interpreted.
Drosophila melanogaster
larvae possess peripheral sense organs on their head, thoracic, and abdominal segments. These are specialized to receive diverse environmental information, such as olfactory, gustatory, temperature or mechanosensory signals. In this work, we complete the description of the morphology of external larval sensilla and provide a complete map of the ultrastructure of the different types of sensilla that comprise them. This was achieved by 3D electron microscopic analysis of partial and whole body volumes, which contain high-resolution and complete three-dimensional data on the anatomy of the sensilla and adjacent ganglia.Our analysis revealed three main types of sensilla on thoracic and abdominal segments: the papilla sensillum, the hair sensillum and the knob sensillum. They occur either solitary or organized in compound sensilla such as the thoracic keilin’s organ or the terminal sensory cones. We present a spatial map defining these sensilla by their position on thoracic and abdominal segments. Further, we identify and name the sensilla located at the larval head and the last fused abdominal segments. We show that mechanosensation dominates in the larval peripheral nervous system, as most sensilla have corresponding structural properties. The result of this work, the construction of a complete structural and neuronal map of the external larval sensilla, provides the basis for following molecular and functional studies to understand which sensory strategies the
Drosophila
larva employs to orient itself in its natural environment.
Dose-sparing effect of lapatinib co-administered with a high-fat enteral nutrition emulsion: preclinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Zhu Junfeng , Xu Gaoqi , Yang Dihong , Song Yu , Tong Yinghui , Kong Sisi , Ding Haiying , Fang Luo
Published: October 2023

Background

Lapatinib is an oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor indicated for advanced or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. In order to reduce the treatment cost, a high-fat enteral nutrition emulsion TPF-T was selected as a dose-sparing agent for lapatinib-based therapies. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TPF-T on lapatinib pharmacokinetics.

Methods

First, a simple and rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed to quantitatively evaluate lapatinib in rabbit plasma. The method was fully validated according to the China Pharmacopoeia 2020 guidance. Rabbits and rats were chosen as the animal models due to their low and high bile flows, respectively. The proposed LC–MS/MS method was applied to pharmacokinetic studies of lapatinib, with or without TPF-T, in rabbit and rat plasma.

Results

The LC–MS/MS method revealed high sensitivity and excellent efficiency. In the rabbit model, co-administration with TPF-T resulted in a 32.2% increase in lapatinib exposure. In the rat model, TPF-T had minimal influence on the lapatinib exposure. In both models, TPF-T was observed to significantly elevate lapatinib concentration in the absorption phase.

Conclusion

Co-administration with TPF-T had a moderate effect on increasing exposure to lapatinib. Dose sparing using a high-fat liquid diet is potentially feasible for lapatinib-based therapies.
Temporal and spatial patterns of small vertebrate roadkill in a supercity of eastern China
Authors: Wu Qiong , Sun Taozhu , Zhao Yumeng , Yu Cong , Hu Junhua , Li Zhongqiu
Published: October 2023

An assessment of animal roadkill can help develop road mitigation measures. This article is the first to report data on animal-vehicle collisions (AVCs) in Nanjing, a supercity in eastern China. The research was conducted on a 224.27 km stretch of nine roads in Nanjing. In the period, between November 2020 and October 2021, 26 fortnightly monitoring missions were conducted to gather roadkill carcasses so that we could analyze their temporal and spatial distribution patterns. A total of 259 carcasses were collected, comprising 22 different species, of which 46.42% were mammals and 48.81% were birds. Cats and dogs are the most roadkill mammals, and blackbirds and sparrows are the most roadkill birds. The temporal analysis demonstrated that the peak of vertebrate roadkill occurred from May to July. Spatial analysis showed that the distribution patterns of vertebrate roadkill on different roads varied with a generally non-random distribution and aggregation. By mapping accidents using kernel density analysis, we were able to pinpoint locations that were at high risk for roadkill. Due to the fortnightly survey, our results would underestimate the casualties, even if, our study suggests that the problem of car accidents due to animals should be a cause for concern, and the results of the analysis of temporal and spatial patterns contribute to the establishment of mitigation measures.
Improvisation in academic management: a case study in a Brazilian public university
Authors: Silva Arthur , Pascuci Lucilaine , Meyer Jr. Victor
Published: October 2023

In this study, manifestations of improvisation and its relevance to academic management in a public university were analyzed. The study focused on managerial practices carried out by academic program coordinators. This is a qualitative case study that was based on concepts related to decision making in public administration, university management and organizational improvisation. Data were collected through participant observation, ethnographic interviews and documents, which were analyzed through document and narrative analysis. The results showed that the predominant types of improvisation were ad-hoc and covert, with the latter being due to the strong influence of informality. Other characteristcs such as pressure to meet deadlines, experience and creativity were key factors in the improvisational practices identified. Conclusions revealed that improvisational practices were found in the managerial practices of academic coordinators, contributing to not only to solve unexpected problems but also to improve the academic managerial performance.
Estimation of Oleanolic Acid by HPTLC and HPLC Methods in Successive Leaf Extracts of Leucas aspera and Tridax procumbens and their In vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Jayaprakasam R.  , Abinaya R.  , Gandhimathi M.  , Ravi T. K.
Published: October 2023

Aims: The study was started with the goal of quantifying the oleanolic acid from consecutive leaf extracts of Leucas aspera and Tridax procumbens using a marker oleanolic acid by utilizing HPTLC and HPLC techniques, as well as to perform an evaluation of their antiinflammatory activity.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out between October 2022 and June 2023 in the Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Pharmacognosy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore-44, Tamil nadu, India.

Methodology: The extraction of leaves is done using successive extractions by Continuous hot percolation method using soxhlet extractor. Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions for which the phytochemical analysis were conducted. Standardization of oleanolic acid was performed by using HPTLC and HPLC techniques. Quantification of oleanolic acid in the two plants sequential leaf extracts were done. In vitro study of antiinflammatory activity was performed by Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in the ethyl acetate fraction.

Results: Alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, and proteins were all found in the two plant extracts by using phytochemical screening. In HPTLC method, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol leaf extracts of Leucas aspera and Tridax procumbens were developed in suitable mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (7:3:0.2%v/v/v) followed by derivatizing with anisaldehyde sulphuric acid derivatizing agent and scanned under 530nm. HPLC of standard marker and successive leaf extracts of Leucas aspera and Tridax procumbens were carried out using methanol: 25mM phosphate buffer (pH-3) in the ratio of 90:10% v/v at flow rate of 1ml/min and chromatograms were recorded at 202nm. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of combined leaf extracts of ethyl acetate showed IC50 value of 0.026μg/ml. 

Conclusion: Standardization of oleanolic acid was conducted by HPTLC and HPLC methods and linearity were found to be 0.9964 and 0.9998 respectively. Quantification of oleanolic acid in successive leaf extracts of the two plants were conducted. In vitro study using xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity showed that combined extracts of ethyl acetate fractions exhibited better antiinflammatory property than the individual extracts of the selected plants.
Spray-dried, Biodegradable, Linezolid-loaded Microspheres for Use in the Treatment of Lung Diseases
Authors: Al-Gharsan Mazen Gharsan , Harsha Sree
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Researchers worldwide are currently seeking innovative treatment options to combat the alarming increase in bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Staphylococcus aureus, a frequently encountered and potentially life-threatening bacterium, has become particularly problematic. Linezolid is one of the few medicines on the market that can treat bacteria resistant to other antibiotics. This is the first antibacterial oxazolidinone that has shown to be therapeutically efficacious. Linezolid is a new Oxazolidinone medicine. It kills a broad spectrum of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus.

Objectives: To reduce non-target organ adverse effects associated with frequent and chronic Linezolid usage, we developed biodegradable, lung-targeted microspheres with sustained release profile.

Methods: In this work, a Buchi B-90 nanospray drier was used to prepare a Linezolid-loaded carbopol microsphere (CLSMO)-based formulation. The spray-drying process was optimized using a face-centered central composite design (CCD).

Results: The average particle size was 7.516 µm, and the surface of the microspheres was shriveled, according to scanning electron microscope imaging. Drug content and yield were determined to be 73% 3.1% and 72% ± 2.4%., respectively, and drug release (99.1%) peaked for up to 12 hours in vitro. FTIR spectral analysis results suggest that there are no significant physical and chemical interactions between the functional groups of Linezolid and carbopol 934P polymer which ultimately form a stable blend. Linezolid, Carbopol, and CLSMO all had XRD patterns that showed the linezolid would be molecularly dispersed in the polymer. The DSC findings revealed the drug's amorphous nature, which explains the absence of characteristic peaks, indicating a lack of well-defined crystalline structure.

Conclusion: The optimized formulation shows significant potential for use as a drug-delivery system in in-vivo applications, particularly in targeted drug delivery to the lungs.
Dynamic Interdependence: Analysing BSE SENSEX and its Relationship with Global Stock Indices from 2018 to 2022
Authors: Prashanth Kumar G.  , Marisetty Nagendra
Published: October 2023

This comprehensive analysis delves into the intricate relationship between the Bombay Stock Exchange SENSEX (BSE SENSEX), India's leading stock market index, and popular international stock indices during three distinct research periods from 2018 to 2022. The study employs a combination of correlation analyses and multiple regression models to explore how SENSEX interacts with global counterparts, shedding light on the evolving dynamics of the Indian stock market. The five-year research period from 2018 to 2022 reveals that SENSEX displays a robust positive correlation with various international indices, including Nikkei 225, DAX, CAC40, S&P500, NASDAQ100, and DOW JONES. This suggests a substantial degree of co-movement with global markets, emphasizing the influence of external economic and financial factors on India's stock market. A multiple regression analysis further substantiates these relationships by indicating that international indices collectively have a significant impact on SENSEX's variations during this period.
Analysis of sodium phenylbutyrate and taurursodiol survival effect in ALS using external controls
Authors: Paganoni Sabrina , Quintana Melanie , Sherman Alexander V. , Vestrucci Matteo , Wu Yuehui , Timmons Jamie , Cudkowicz Merit ,   the Pooled Resource Open‐Access ALS Clinical Trials Consortium
Published: October 2023

Objective

Sodium phenylbutyrate and taurursodiol (PB and TURSO) was evaluated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the CENTAUR trial encompassing randomized placebo‐controlled and open‐label extension phases. On intent‐to‐treat (ITT) survival analysis, median overall survival (OS) was 4.8 months longer and risk of death 36% lower in those originally randomized to an initial 6‐month double‐blind period of PB and TURSO versus placebo. To estimate PB and TURSO treatment effect without placebo‐to‐active crossover, we performed a post hoc survival analysis comparing PB and TURSO‐randomized participants from CENTAUR and a propensity score–matched, PB and TURSO‐naïve external control cohort from the Pooled Resource Open‐Access ALS Clinical Trials (PRO‐ACT) database.

Methods

Clinical trial control participants from the PRO‐ACT database who met prespecified eligibility criteria were propensity score matched 1:1 with PB and TURSO‐randomized CENTAUR participants using prognostically significant covariates in ALS.

Results

Baseline characteristics including propensity score–matched covariates were generally well balanced between CENTAUR PB and TURSO (n = 89) and PRO‐ACT external control (n = 85) groups. Estimated median (IQR) OS was 23.54 (14.56–39.32) months in the CENTAUR PB and TURSO group and 13.15 (9.83–19.20) months in the PRO‐ACT external control group; hazard of death was 52% lower in the former group (hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.31–0.72; p = 0.00048).

Interpretation

This analysis suggests potentially greater survival benefit with PB and TURSO in ALS without placebo‐to‐active crossover than seen on ITT analysis in CENTAUR. Analyses using well‐matched external controls may provide additional context for evaluating survival effects in future ALS trials.
Self‐Luminous Probe with One‐Step Energy Conversion from Bioluminescence to NIR‐IIb
Authors: Jiang Zhao , Yang Zhiwen , Li Wanwan
Published: October 2023

Self‐luminous probes with near‐infrared (NIR) emission are powerful tools for deep‐penetration and autofluorescence‐free imaging, owing to the joint optimization of both excitation and emission. However, the limited emission wavelength and requirement for multistep energy transfer limit its potency. In this study, the concept of direct wavelength conversion is established from visible light (vis) to NIR‐IIb using an exquisitely designed sensitizer–activator ion pair. The manipulation of the doping hosts enables a pair of energy levels between the sensitizer and activator. Based on this a class of broadband vis‐responsive nanocrystals with intense NIR‐II emission is prepared. The stability and quantum yield (up to 7.4%) of the nanocrystals are further enhanced by ZnS passivation via coherent epitaxial growth. By coupling luciferase, the self‐luminous probe can convert bioluminescence to NIR‐IIb luminescence (>1500 nm) through a one‐step energy transfer. A maximum penetrable thickness of 6 mm is achieved in the porcine tissue model. Collectively, the distinctive photon‐conversion performance of this probe offers the prospect of high‐resolution labeling of deep‐seated lesions.
Ultrasmall Bi/Cu Coordination Polymer Combined with Glucose Oxidase for Tumor Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy by Starvation and Photothermal Treatment
Authors: Zhang Lin , Fu Jin‐Mei , Song Lai‐Bo , Cheng Kai , Zhang Fang , Tan Wen‐Hui , Fan Jin‐Xuan , Zhao Yuan‐Di
Published: October 2023

Multi‐modal combination therapy for tumor is expected to have superior therapeutic effect compared with monotherapy. In this study, a super‐small bismuth/copper‐gallic acid coordination polymer nanoparticle (BCN) protected by polyvinylpyrrolidone is designed, which is co‐encapsulated with glucose oxidase (GOX) by phospholipid to obtain nanoprobe BCGN@L. It shows that BCN has an average size of 1.8 ± 0.7 nm, and photothermal conversion of BCGN@L is 31.35% for photothermal imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT). During the treatment process of 4T1 tumor‐bearing nude mice, GOX catalyzes glucose in the tumor to generate gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which reacts with copper ions (Cu2+) to produce toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and new fresh oxygen (O2) to supply to GOX for further catalysis, preventing tumor hypoxia. These reactions increase glucose depletion for starvation therapy , decrease heat shock protein expression, and enhance tumor sensitivity to low‐temperature PTT. The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the combination of CDT with other treatments produces excellent tumor growth inhibition. Blood biochemistry and histology analysis suggests that the nanoprobe has negligible toxicity. All the positive results reveal that the nanoprobe can be a promising approach for incorporation into multi‐modal anticancer therapy.
A Roll‐to‐Roll Gravure‐Printing System for Manufacturing Near‐Field Energy‐Harvesting Labels
Authors: Shrestha Sagar , Jung Younsu , Park Jinhwa , Parajuli Sajjan , Cho Gyoujin
Published: October 2023

Billions of costless near‐field communication (NFC) sensor labels per day are demanded to practically enable edge computing between smartphones and everyday objects. However, to activate the billions of NFC sensor labels daily, providing an inexpensive manufacturing method for billions of wireless energy‐harvesting labels (WeHL) per day will become a decisive issue for realizing the practical applications. Herein, a roll‐to‐roll (R2R) gravure, a typical high‐throughput additive manufacturing method, is explored to print WeHLs where six diodes and six capacitors are integrated. To meet the high‐throughput manufacturing speed (90 mm s−1) of the R2R gravure system, six different electronic inks are formulated to print the WeHLs to harvest ±10 V from the smartphone's NFC carrier. To attain a practical device yield under the given printing speed, the web tension, nip force, doctor blade angle, and overlay printing registration accuracy are well controlled and optimized to print six different layers within a high overlay printing accuracy, while printing patterns to connect two electrodes with a height difference greater than 3 μm. The fully R2R‐printed WeHLs can successfully harvest energy from the smartphone's NFC carrier with the conversion efficiency of 50%.