bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Оwnership as a legal category
Authors: Ilkiv Oleh
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of ownership in Ukraine. Features of ownership as a legal category that is inherent in real and compulsory relations are investigated. The legal aspects of ownership used to characterize the acquisition period are clarified. The legal consequences of actual domination of a thing are described. Thus, ownership in civil law is considered as the subjective right of the owner and as a separate real right to own someone else’s property. In civil law, ownership is considered as a subjective right of the owner or other persons, and not as an object of subjective rights. The actual content of a thing without a legal basis should not be identified with the right of ownership in the legal aspect. The stay of the find in fact with a person who has found a thing for six months while the unknown owner of it should not be interpreted as a right of ownership, since in the Civil Code of Ukraine the right of ownership is considered among the types of real rights to someone else’s property. The latter in turn arise on the basis of the will of the owner or the law, and in the case of a dispute — on the basis of a court decision. The positions on the protection of the right of ownership over acquisition time in the judicial procedure are justified.

Real ownership is one of the oldest known under Roman law. It covered two aspects: the independent type of property rights and one of the powers that constitute ownership. Since the time of Roman law, attention has been focused on the absolute nature of ownership in the form of domination of things. Dominance can be seen in the factual and legal aspects.

The establishment by the courts of the fact of bona fide possession of a thing for a period determined by law can be carried out in a separate proceeding. But it cannot recognize the ownership of a thing in order to consider cases of separate fact-finding proceedings of legal importance.

Key words: right of possession, property right, rights, acquisitive prescription.
Principles of international humanitarian law
Authors: Bazov Viktor
Published: June 2021

The article considers topical issues of the general concept and system of principles of international humanitarian law. The basic general and special principles of this branch of international law are investigated, and also the principles and ways of interpretation of its norms are analyzed. The tendencies of further development of the principles of international humanitarian law are determined.

In the modern world, international humanitarian law has become a unique legal phenomenon and has acquired the most universal institutional and legal nature. But even today, this authoritative branch of international law continues its development, which is influenced by numerous factors, including increasing the conflict of modern international relations, which necessitates effective action by the UN and other international organizations and individual states, and, in turn, requires a theoretical analysis of the humanitarian international legal force mechanism that international law theorists hope can provide an effective response to the brutal challenges of the new millennium. However, this leads to the fact that in some cases the forces of the UN or other international organizations actually become a party to an armed conflict, which leads to the fact that such a conflict already affects not only the state or states of the conflict zone, but also third countries place their armed forces at the disposal of international organizations. The need to comply with international humanitarian law is highlighted in numerous Security Council resolutions and decisions of other UN bodies, decisions of regional international organizations, including the Council of Europe and the European Union, which significantly affect the formation and further development of international humanitarian law.

Key words: theory of international law, principles of international humanitarian law, system of principles, international relations, international judicial practice.
ТИПОЛОГІЯ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАВДАНЬ ІЗ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ ЯК ЧИННИК УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ЧИТАЦЬКОЇ КОМПТЕНТНОСТІ УЧНІВ
Authors: Мхитарян О. Д.
Published: June 2021

У статті висвітлено теоретичне підґрунтя використання авторської типології навчальних завдань у процесі підвищення рівня читацької компетентності учнів основної школи під час вивчення української літератури та визначено методичні умови цієї роботи. Уточнено зміст понять «компетенція», «компетентність», «читацькі труднощі». Провідними положеннями вдосконалення читацької компетентності окремих учнів засобами використання системи навчальних завдань визначено: необхідність урахування структури читацької компетентності як наукової основи подолання пізнавальних труднощів учнів; основними складниками читацької компетентності учнів є комплекс специфічних особистісних, когнітивних, естетико-комунікативних і ціннісних механізмів або сукупність визначених предметних компетенцій; технологізацію формувальних упливів словесника, спрямованих на особистісно-діяльнісний розвиток читацьких якостей школярів із урахуванням специфіки мистецтва слова; проєктування навчальних завдань і відповідних їм алгоритмів розв’язання літературних завдань з опорою на динаміку проходження етапів навчання та збагачення компонентів саморегуляції; визначення оптимальної міри необхідної педагогічної допомоги на основі попереднього психолого-педагогічного вивчення учнів; використання відповідної логіці корекційної роботи проблемності навчальних завдань; індивідуалізацію та диференціацію навчальних завдань із літератури; особливу увагу до цілеспрямованого формування в учнів умінь виразного і вдумливого читання. Теоретичні ідеї конкретизовано на прикладі проєктування педагогічної допомоги для організації самостійного читання учнів 5–6-х класів, які мають пізнавальні труднощі, специфіка якої полягає в розробленні орієнтовної системи запитань, що містить загальні алгоритми-рекомендації у формі розробленої пам’ятки.
ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ E-LEARNING ДЛЯ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ІНОЗЕМНОЇ МОВИ У ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНИХ УНІВЕРСИТЕТАХ
Authors: Карасьова О. В.
Published: June 2021

У статті представлений огляд досліджень щодо застосування електронних освітніх ресурсів у фармацевтичній освіті при вивченні студентами іноземної мови. Виявлено переваги електронних освітніх технологій, зокрема технології e-learning, над традиційними методами навчання. Описано досвід використання дистанційних освітніх технологій при навчанні іноземній мові майбутніх фармацевтів в українських університетах. Автором проаналізовано дослідження вчених, в яких розглядається проблема пошуку нових прийомів, способів і технологій підвищення мотивації до навчання іноземних мов майбутніх фармацевтів. Однією з ефективних технологій у статті визначено e-learning, впровадження якої сприяє вивченню іноземної мови студентів-фармацевтів. У статті дається визначення понять «педагогічна технологія» і «технологія e-learning», реалізація яких сприяє забезпеченню високого рівня вивченню іноземної мови, відповідно до завдань і можливостей сучасного світу, що дозволить здобувачам фармацевтичної освіти пристосовуватися в умовах швидкоплинного, нестійкого навколишнього середовища, забезпечить перехід від книжкового контенту до активного за допомогою єдиного загального сховища навчальних матеріалів при наявності аналітичної системи пошуку. Доведено, що застосування технології e-learning у процесі навчання іноземним мовам дозволяє відтворювати навчальні ситуації, допомагає доповнювати традиційні методи навчання, сприяє формуванню основних навичок іншомовного спілкування, усвідомленню можливості висловлювати думки іншою мовою для самостійного вирішення комунікативних завдань, підвищує бажання, інтерес студентів-фармацевтів до навчання, змушує по-новому поглянути на їхні інтелектуальні можливості, таланти.Зроблено висновки, що впровадження технології e-learning в освітній процес фармацевтичних університетів має позитивний вплив на вивчення іноземних мов здобувачами освіти.
Dietary improvement of the iron statute of the rats with experimental anemia
Authors: STURZA Rodica , GUDUMAC Valentin , DESEATNICOVA Olga , GHENDOV-MOSANU Aliona
Published: June 2021

Introduction. One of the major problems characterizing the nutritional status is the iron deficiency, which leads to decreased immunity, increased incidence of infectious diseases and anemia. Obviously, only well-thought-out corrections can solve these disorders. 

Material and methods In order to know the influence of the method of manufacture for iron-fortified products on the iron level, a series of in vivo research was carried out, on a batch of 21 white rats, Wistar line, which were induced experimental drug anemia (EDA). The blood analysis was performed in three stages: initially, after the induction of EDA and after the completion of the experiment.

Results. Investigations showed out that during sufficient iron intake rehabilitation of the body iron reserve depends considerably on the presence of antinutritive factors. In order to decrease the influence of these factors, the production method used for fortified products with mineral origin micronutrients (iron) could be based on the use of the lactic-acid fermentation procedures using wheat bran. 

Conclusions. The research carried out on laboratory animals with induced experimental anemia showed that, in the case of the group fed with bread manufactured by the acid-lactic fermentation method, the concentration of serum,  iron was completely restored during the experiment, and in the rats fed with fortified bread prepared by the traditional method,  the serum iron concentration was only partially restored, 40-45%.
Atypical presentation of a high-grade astrocytoma in a pediatric rheumatology Practice
Authors: REVENCO Ninel , LITOVCENCO Anatol , HADJIU Svetlana , CALCII Cornelia , EREMCIUC Rodica , GAIDARJI Olga
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Hip pain is common in childhood. The main dilemma is to differentiate between benign conditions and those causing significant morbidity and mortality.

Material and methods. A clinical case report of a toddler presenting with Musculoskeletal (MSK) mask due to a brain tumor.

Results. A 2-year-old boy presented to the ER complaining of hip pain, muscle weakness, and limping.  The neurologic exam showed no abnormalities. At the 3rd day of admission, patient condition worsened, and papillary edema was revealed. MRI revealed a tumor in the suprasellar cistern/prepons region. 

Conclusions. In case of atypical MSK symptoms, a careful evaluation of children should be carried out to prevent any delay in diagnosis.
Alat Penyeduh Kopi Tubruk Otomatis Berbasis Arduino
Authors: Tullah Rahmat , Setiyanto Rudi , Maghfaluti Mohamad Rizki
Published: June 2021

Kopi merupakan salah satu hasil kebun pertanian yang memiliki sangat banyak manfaat terutama dibidang kuliner, gaya hidup dan kebutuhan lainnya. Umumnya masyarakat Indonesia menyukai kopi tubruk namun proses pembuatan secangkir kopi tubruk masih manual dalam proses menakar kopi, gula maupun air panas. Mikrokontroler merupakan salah satu contoh perangkat digital yang dapat difungsikan untuk pengendali otomatis dalam pembuatan alat penyeduh kopi tubruk, dengan memanfaatkan saklar sebagai awal alat ini mulai bekerja. Setelah ditekan Motor Servo akan membuka wadah dan mengatur turunnya kopi dan gula secara bergantian, serta dilakukan pengecekan suhu air terlebih dahulu menggunakan Sensor DS18B20, jika suhu air sudah terpenuhi maka Pompa Air akan menarik air ke gelas. Dengan demikian proses pembuatan kopi tubruk lebih cepat dan praktis.
Doomed to Repetition? Havana, Washington, Miami, and Moscow, from the Cold War to Today
Authors: Yordanov Radoslav
Published: June 2021

This paper offers a broad historical overview of US economic sanctions against Cuba, starting with the imposition of the partial trade embargo on 19 October 1960, taking the story up to the present day. Additionally, it develops a comprehensive survey of the numerous scholarly and policy debates which closely follow the changes in United States’ post-Cold War attitudes and actions towards its southern neighbor and which demonstrate the thinking behind centers of power in Washington and Miami related to US’ Cuba policies. The paper also glances over the latest developments under Cuba’s new President Miguel Díaz-Canel and the notable return to the harsh Cold War rhetoric, which transcends the boundaries of the localized Washington-Miami-Havana axis of the past thirty years. Referring to historic patterns, the paper concludes that the conjecture between the recent complication in the US-Cuba relations and Moscow’s ambition to reinstate its erstwhile position as an unavoidable international factor would afford Havana with the opportunity to reclaim once again the dubious honor of becoming one of the focal points in the renewed competitive coexistence between the United States and Russia.
COVID-19 Summary Guidelines
Authors: Moses Samuel , Berry Nidhika , Kalhan Atul , Sathe Sonia , Srinivasan Latha , Varadarajan Viju , Shah Hasmukh , Singhal Keshav
Published: June 2021

Low and Medium Income Countries- May 2021

We note with concern, potential misinformation regarding treatment options is recommended to patients in India. We suggest the following evidence-based practice for the management of SARS CoV2 infection.
MODELING WAYS TO IMPROVE GREEN GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF GOVERNANCE
Authors: Pyliavskyi Iulii , Pushak Halyna , Molnar Oleksandr , Dzyana Halyna , Kushniriuk Volodymyr
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the idea of green growth has been widely discussed not only by experts in environmental economics, but also in various political forums. Many countries use various tools and principles of green growth in their national policies and growth strategies. However, some countries fear that the transition to a green growth model may hamper their development. The article discusses the prerequisites for implementation, the basic principles of green growth into the system of public administration, and also provides a system for modelling ways to implement the principles of green growth using the IDEF0 (functional modeling methodology and a graphical description of the processes) methodology. This methodology allows to clearly see the ways and means of achieving this goal. Considering the importance of the economic component in all processes of monitoring, control and protection of air, water and soil from pollution processes, a system for modeling ways to implement the principles of green growth using the IDEF0 methodology has been formed today is especially relevant.
Multifilter Observations of the Complex Periodic Variations in the M-dwarf Star RIK 90
Authors: Koen Chris
Published: June 2021

The star RIK 90 is a member of a group of recently discovered young T Tauri stars showing complex periodic modulations of their light output, which have been difficult to explain. As one of the brightest, and having a relatively short period, RIK 90 is of particular interest. Thirty-three hours of contemporaneous BVR

C

I

C
photometry of the star are presented in this paper. An independent secondary periodicity was removed and the remainder of the data phased with the primary 0.25955 day period and smoothed to reveal the detailed structure of the light curves. The ratios of the amplitude in B to those in VR

C

I

C
are 1.2, 1.5, and 1.8. It is found that a collection of five cool starspots with temperatures in the range 2230–2550 K provides an excellent match to almost all observations, small-scale features in the I

C
-band light curve being the notable exception. Starspot modeling of K2 observations of RIK 90 was also attempted. The morphology of the K2 light curve is entirely different from that discussed in this paper but could be accurately modeled by four dark starspots. In order to put these results into context, 15 other distinct K2 light curves belonging to 10 similarly variable T Tauri stars were also studied. Excellent fits were obtained to some of these with models consisting of large cool starspots. The majority of the remaining light curves could be modeled with a combination of hot and cold starspots.
Dynamical Avenues for Mercury’s Origin. II. In Situ Formation in the Inner Terrestrial Disk
Authors: Clement Matthew S. , Chambers John E.
Published: June 2021

Modern terrestrial-planet formation models are highly successful at consistently generating planets with masses and orbits analogous to those of Earth and Venus. In stark contrast to classic theoretical predictions and inferred demographics of multiplanet systems of rocky exoplanets, the mass (≳10) and orbital period (≳2) ratios between Venus and Earth and the neighboring Mercury and Mars are not common outcomes in numerically generated systems. While viable solutions to the small-Mars problem are abundant in the literature, Mercury’s peculiar origin remains rather mysterious. In this paper, we investigate the possibility that Mercury formed in a mass-depleted, inner region of the terrestrial disk (a < 0.5 au). This regime is often ignored in terrestrial-planet formation models because of the high computational cost of resolving hundreds of short-period objects over ∼100 Myr timescales. By testing multiple disk profiles and mass distributions, we identify several promising sets of initial conditions that lead to remarkably successful analog systems. In particular, our most successful simulations consider moderate total masses of Mercury-forming material (0.1–0.25 Earth masses). While larger initial masses tend to yield disproportionate Mercury analogs, smaller values often inhibit the planets’ formation as the entire region of material is easily accreted by Venus. Additionally, we find that shallow surface density profiles and larger inventories of small planetesimals moderately improve the likelihood of adequately reproducing Mercury.
Elementary Process of Galactic Spiral Arm Formation: Phase Synchronization of Epicyclic Motion by Gravitational Scattering
Authors: Yoshida Yuki , Kokubo Eiichiro
Published: June 2021

Swing amplification is a model of spiral arm formation in disk galaxies. Previous N-body simulations show that the epicycle phases of stars in spiral arms are synchronized. However, the elementary process of the phase synchronization is not well understood. In order to investigate phase synchronization, we investigate the orbital evolution of stars due to gravitational scattering by a perturber under the epicycle approximation and its dependence on orbital elements and a disk parameter. We find that gravitational scattering by the perturber can cause phase synchronization of stellar orbits. The epicycle phases are better synchronized for smaller initial epicycle amplitudes of stars and larger shear rates of galactic disks. The vertical motion of stars does not affect the phase synchronization. The phase synchronization forms trailing dense regions, which may correspond to spiral arms.
Cosmological Evolution of Fermi Large Area Telescope Gamma-Ray Blazars Using Novel Nonparametric Methods
Authors: Zeng Houdun , Petrosian Vahé , Yi Tingfeng
Published: June 2021

Multiwavelength analyses of spectra of active galactic nuclei provide useful information on the physical processes in the accretion disk and jets of black holes. This, however, is limited to bright sources and may not represent the population as a whole. Another approach is through the investigation of the cosmological evolution of the luminosity function (LF), which shows varied evolution (luminosity and density) at different wavelengths. These differences and the correlations between luminosities can shed light on the jet-accretion disk connection. Most such studies use forward fitting parametric methods that involve several functions and many parameters. We use nonparametric, nonbinning methods developed by Efron & Petrosian and Lynden-Bell, for obtaining unbiased description of the evolution of the LF, from data truncated by observational selection effects. We present an analysis of the evolution of gamma-ray LF of blazars with a main focus on flat-spectrum radio quasars. This requires analysis of both gamma-ray and optical data, essential for redshift measurements, and a description of the joint LF. We use a new approach that divides the sample into two subsamples, each with its own flux limit. We use the Fermi Large Area Telescope and GAIA observations, and present results on the gamma-ray LF and its evolution, and determine the intrinsic correlation between the gamma-ray and optical luminosities corrected for the well-known false correlation induced by their similar redshift dependence and evolution of the two luminosities. We also present a direct estimation of the contribution of blazars to the spectrum of the extragalactic gamma-ray background.
Impact of Differential Dust Settling on the SED and Polarization: Application to the Inner Region of the HL Tau Disk
Authors: Ueda Takahiro , Kataoka Akimasa , Zhang Shangjia , Zhu Zhaohuan , Carrasco-González Carlos , Sierra Anibal
Published: June 2021

The polarimetric observations of the protoplanetary disk around HL Tau have shown the scattering-induced polarization at ALMA Band 7, which indicates that the maximum dust size is ∼100 μm, while the spectral energy distribution (SED) has suggested that the maximum dust size is approximately a millimeter. To solve the contradiction, we investigate the impact of differential settling of dust grains on the SED and polarization. If the disk is optically thick, a longer observing wavelength traces more interior layers, which would be dominated by larger grains. We find that the SED of the center part of the HL Tau disk can be explained with millimeter-sized grains for a broad range of turbulence strength, while 160 μm–sized grains cannot be explained unless the turbulence strength parameter α
t is lower than 10−5. We also find that the observed polarization fraction can be potentially explained with a maximum dust size of 1 mm if α
t ≲ 10−5, although models with 160 μm–sized grains are also acceptable. However, if the maximum dust size is ∼3 mm, the simulated polarization fraction is too low to explain the observations even if the turbulence strength is extremely small, indicating a maximum dust size of ≲1 mm. The degeneracy between 100 μm– and millimeter-sized grains can be solved by improving the ALMA calibration accuracy or polarimetric observations at (sub)centimeter wavelengths.
SPICY: The Spitzer/IRAC Candidate YSO Catalog for the Inner Galactic Midplane
Authors: Kuhn Michael A. , de Souza Rafael S. , Krone-Martins Alberto , Castro-Ginard Alfred , Ishida Emille E. O. , Povich Matthew S. , Hillenbrand Lynne A. ,   for the COIN Collaboration
Published: June 2021

We present ∼120,000 Spitzer/IRAC candidate young stellar objects (YSOs) based on surveys of the Galactic midplane between ℓ ∼ 255° and 110°, including the GLIMPSE I, II, and 3D, Vela-Carina, Cygnus X, and SMOG surveys (613 square degrees), augmented by near-infrared catalogs. We employed a classification scheme that uses the flexibility of a tailored statistical learning method and curated YSO data sets to take full advantage of Spitzer’s spatial resolution and sensitivity in the mid-infrared ∼3–9 μm range. Multiwavelength color/magnitude distributions provide intuition about how the classifier separates YSOs from other red IRAC sources and validate that the sample is consistent with expectations for disk/envelope-bearing pre–main-sequence stars. We also identify areas of IRAC color space associated with objects with strong silicate absorption or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission. Spatial distributions and variability properties help corroborate the youthful nature of our sample. Most of the candidates are in regions with mid-IR nebulosity, associated with star-forming clouds, but others appear distributed in the field. Using Gaia DR2 distance estimates, we find groups of YSO candidates associated with the Local Arm, the Sagittarius–Carina Arm, and the Scutum–Centaurus Arm. Candidate YSOs visible to the Zwicky Transient Facility tend to exhibit higher variability amplitudes than randomly selected field stars of the same magnitude, with many high-amplitude variables having light-curve morphologies characteristic of YSOs. Given that no current or planned instruments will significantly exceed IRAC’s spatial resolution while possessing its wide-area mapping capabilities, Spitzer-based catalogs such as ours will remain the main resources for mid-infrared YSOs in the Galactic midplane for the near future.
Stellar Metallicities from SkyMapper Photometry. II. Precise Photometric Metallicities of ∼280,000 Giant Stars with [Fe/H] < −0.75 in the Milky Way
Authors: Chiti Anirudh , Frebel Anna , Mardini Mohammad K. , Daniel Tatsuya W. , Ou Xiaowei , Uvarova Anastasiia V.
Published: June 2021

The Milky Way’s metal-poor stars are nearby ancient objects that are used to study early chemical evolution and the assembly and structure of the Milky Way. Here we present reliable metallicities of ∼280,000 stars with −3.75 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ −0.75 down to g = 17 derived using metallicity-sensitive photometry from the second data release of the SkyMapper Southern Survey. We use the dependency of the flux through the SkyMapper v filter on the strength of the Ca ii K absorption features, in tandem with SkyMapper u, g, i photometry, to derive photometric metallicities for these stars. We find that metallicities derived in this way compare well to metallicities derived in large-scale spectroscopic surveys, and we use such comparisons to calibrate and quantify systematics as a function of location, reddening, and color. We find good agreement with metallicities from the APOGEE, LAMOST, and GALAH surveys, based on a standard deviation of σ ∼ 0.25 dex of the residuals of our photometric metallicities with respect to metallicities from those surveys. We also compare our derived photometric metallicities to metallicities presented in a number of high-resolution spectroscopic studies to validate the low-metallicity end ([Fe/H] < −2.5) of our photometric metallicity determinations. In such comparisons, we find the metallicities of stars with photometric [Fe/H] < −2.5 in our catalog show no significant offset and a scatter of σ ∼ 0.31 dex level relative to those in high-resolution work when considering the cooler stars (g − i > 0.65) in our sample. We also present an expanded catalog containing photometric metallicities of ∼720,000 stars as a data table for further exploration of the metal-poor Milky Way.
Use of a Structured Approach to Develop Best Practices in Interprofessional Education
Authors: Smith Leslie , Keiser Megan , Yorke Amy , Turkelson Carman
Published: June 2021

Background:

Providing interprofessional education (IPE) is mandated by accrediting agencies for health professions education; however, pedagogical, logistical, and financial challenges exist in implementing and sustaining high-quality IPE. After executing several IPE activities, an IPE team developed a structured approach for organizing, sustaining, and ensuring high-quality IPE. This article introduces the Design-Implement-Assess-Modify (DIAM) Model. A portfolio spreadsheet was developed and includes components from each of the DIAM phases.

Method:

The team documented characteristics from five IPE activities conducted annually for 5 years and tracked progress.

Results:

The DIAM approach has allowed the team to develop a detailed and living portfolio to design, implement, assess, and modify several IPE activities across different professions.

Conclusion:

This approach has led to the intentional planning and development of multiple IPE activities that include the integration of standards of best practice and accreditation, while preparing practitioners for collaborative practice.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(6):309–316.]
Assessment of Answer-Changing Behavior of Nursing Students and Faculty Recommendations
Authors: Bultas Margaret W. , Schmuke Ashley D. , Rubbelke Cynthia , Jackson Jennifer , Moran Vicki
Published: June 2021

Background:

Existing literature identifies a general positive benefit to students' examination scores when students change their answer on examinations. Current shifts toward computerized examinations and in test anxiety warrant a literature update on test-taking behaviors.

Purpose:

This study assessed answer changing on multiple-choice examinations and investigated faculty recommendations related to answer changing.

Method:

This study used a mixed-methods design using retrospective student data from ExamSoft reports and faculty responses from a national survey of nurse educators.

Results:

Findings indicated 55% of students improved their examination score, with an average improvement of 3%, and 24% of students lowered their examination score. However, faculty continue to incorrectly recommend that students should not change answers on examinations.

Conclusion:

The results of this study support prior literature that answer changing benefits students. However, data are lacking on the characteristics of students who improve or lower their examination scores by changing answers.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(6):324–328.]

.
Developing a Virtual Learning Environment for Clinical Education Amidst a Pandemic
Authors: Greicar Margo , Post Eric , Coliflores Justine , Ahlstrom Christian , Ater Natalie , Chavez Madisyn , McDonald Amy , Paul Sarah , Rodgers Daniel , Green Ryan
Published: June 2021

Context

Because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many athletic training programs (ATPs) moved to mandatory virtual learning environments (VLEs) as access to clinical education sites was restricted for nonessential personnel, such as athletic training students (ATSs).

Objective

To describe the development of a program for delivering clinical education for all ATSs through a VLE model.

Background

Athletic training programs were faced with the task of delivering clinical education for all students through a virtual learning model. Further complicating the situation was that no blueprint for a VLE existed for athletic training.

Description

The ATP developed clear, definitive objectives for a 6-week VLE, but afforded each clinical site the autonomy to determine how it could best implement the objectives of the VLE based upon its individual strengths and limitations.

Advantage(s)

Students reported increased self-motivation, improved communication skills and self-confidence, an improved ability to adapt to new situations, increased independence, personal and professional growth, the ability to stay positive and focused in the face of unexpected challenges, increased appreciation and application of evidence-based practice, and a more in-depth understanding and confidence related to organization and administration topics.

Conclusion(s)

Virtual learning environments offer an alternative for accomplishing the clinical education of ATSs when they cannot be physically present because of extenuating circumstances, such as a pandemic. Additionally, the objectives and implementation strategies of the VLE can be integrated into the face-to-face clinical education plan to create an improved comprehensive approach to clinical education.
Empowering the visually impaired by customized Braille prescription and thus reducing medication errors
Authors: Shetty Shalini , S Sunita , Shetty Isha
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

To assess the use of routine Braille prescription in reducing medication errors in visually impaired patients.

Methods:

This observational, questionnaire-based study was conducted in 100 blind or visually impaired patients who were Braille literate (aged ≥18 years). We initiated our Braille prescription from January 2017 to March 2018. The questionnaire consisted of 8 items that captured patient details on the medication management process in addition to a face-to-face interview with them. It was administered twice to each patient at baseline and at the end. Braille prescription included details regarding all medicines, their dosages, instructions, expiry dates, and major side effects. The prescription was developed easily and quickly with an average turnaround time of 1 hour.

Results:

It was seen that most of the study patients aged between 30-40 years (n = 80) and majority were men (78%). At baseline, 73% of our respondents faced challenges when self-administering medications as compared to 17.5% at endline. After using Braille prescription, only 5% reported of taking a wrong dosage compared to 46.2% at baseline. Patients missing a dosage significantly reduced after using routine Braille prescription (43.7% vs. 7.5% respectively, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Our study successfully has rolled out Braille prescription as an efficacious method in addressing the key issues to medication safety with the visually impaired.
Awareness of eye donation among medical and nursing students: A comparative study
Authors: Chowdhury Ravindra K , Dora Jayashree , Das Pooja
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

Cognizant and well aware medical and nursing students are expected to influence and positively mold the eye donation rates in India. Keeping this in view, this study was designed to assess and compare eye donation awareness among medical and nursing students.

Methods:

A cross-sectional and comparative study undertaken on the occasion of eye donation fortnight among 112 medical and 115 nursing students. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire on eye donation was given to each student after getting informed consent. The software used for analysis of data was SPSS version 22.0.

Results:

All the medical students and 91.3% of nursing students (P < 0.0016) had heard about eye donation. Eye donation fortnight is celebrated every year to create awareness was known to 42% of medical students and 29.5% of nursing students (P < 0.05). Television, newspaper, magazines, and posters were found to be important sources of information in both groups. Eye donation can give vision to the blind was the primary motivational force both among medical and nursing students (P < 0.001). The ideal time of eye donation is within 6 h of death was known to 69% of medical students and 60.9% nursing students. Lack of awareness and objection of family members are the two significant perceived responses to non-donation in both groups. 88.4% of medical students and 79.1% of nursing students are willing to donate their eyes in future.

Conclusion:

The awareness of eye donation among medical students is better than nursing students. However, the willingness to pledge their eyes is almost equal in both groups.
A study analyzing the health-related quality of life of retinoblastoma survivors in India
Authors: Dhingra Himani , Arya Deepanjali , Taluja Ankit , Das Sima , Mahajan Amita
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

Retinoblastoma (RB) is the commonest intraocular tumor in children. Despite high cure rates, data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of RB survivors are limited. This study aimed to analyze parent’s perspective and self-report of HRQoL of RB survivors, using healthy siblings as controls. It also evaluated the impact of socio-economic status (SES), gender, disease laterality, treatment modality, duration since diagnosis, and visual outcomes, on HRQoL.

Methods:

Ninety-two RB survivors were enrolled in this observational, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted at a tertiary care center. QoL was analyzed in four dimensions: physical, emotional, social, and school, using both self-report (for children >6 years) and parent proxy report (for children 2–18 years) using Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) 4.0 Generic Core Scale. Seventy-seven healthy siblings served as controls.

Results:

The mean age of both cohorts was 5.7 years. Thirty-six (39%) patients had bilateral RB. Of the 92 survivors, 43 (47%) had undergone enucleation. The HRQoL of RB survivors was significantly lower compared to sibling controls (P < 0.01) in all four domains, the physical domain being most affected followed by social domain. Parents reported an inferior QoL than patient’s self-report. Vision <6/18 in the best eye and enucleation had a negative impact on HRQoL whilst gender, disease laterality, duration since diagnosis and SES had no impact.

Conclusion:

QoL assessment is often neglected but an important aspect of survivorship. Results of our study will help in formulating awareness of the domains affected and allow timely advocacy of initiatives for addressing each issue individually. Remedial measures aimed at optimizing QoL should be incorporated as part of their rehabilitation.
Hospital Cornea Retrieval Programme in a startup eye bank – A retrospective analysis and lessons learned
Authors: Aggarwal Himanshi , Gupta Neeti , Garg Prashant , Sharma Manisha , Mittal Sanjeev , Kant Ravi
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

This study aimed to share our experience in the hospital cornea retrieval program as a new eye bank.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care institute from August 26, 2019 to March 22, 2020. The medical and eye bank records were analyzed for hospital mortality, mortuary records, and donors approached. The corneal collection was divided between Voluntary (received from voluntary calls), HCRP (cornea received from hospital deaths), and Medico-Legal Cases (received from MLC deaths in hospital) to see the trend of donation and utilization over time.

Results:

During the study period, 154 corneas (77 pairs) were collected. The HCRP provided a major source of corneas 58.4% (90 corneas) as compared to voluntary 19.5% (30 corneas) and MLC 22.1%(34 corneas). There were younger tissues in MLC than HCRP donors, and older tissues in Voluntary donors, and the difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the quality of optical grade tissues and the utilization of corneas for transplants between the three groups. Post hoc analysis showed more non-optical tissues in the voluntary donations (P = 0.004), maximum donors with medical contraindications in the HCRP group (P = 0.001), and time-lapse in corneal retrieval in MLC cases (P = 0.0001). Of these 154 corneas, 78 (50.6%) were assessed as suitable for transplantation, of which 59 (75.6%) tissues were optical grade tissues. The overall utilization was 39.6%.

Conclusion:

HCRP is indeed challenging for a new eye bank, but proper understanding and implementing strategies may help for good utilization of tissues.
Effect of congenital ptosis correction on corneal topography- A prospective study
Authors: Assadi Fatima Amanath , Narayana Shivananda , Yadalla Dayakar , Rajagopalan Jayagayathri , Joy Anupama
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in corneal topography, cycloplegic refraction, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after ptosis correction surgery in patients with congenital ptosis.

Methods:

Our study represents a prospective observational study conducted on 27 eyes of 21 patients with congenital ptosis. All patients underwent complete ophthalmological evaluation, cycloplegic refraction, and baseline Orbscan prior to ptosis surgery. At 6 months postoperative review, the cycloplegic refraction and Orbscan were repeated to evaluate the changes in these parameters. The main outcome measures in our study were Steepest K, Inferior-Superior Asymmetry (I-S Asymmetry), cycloplegic refraction and BCVA.

Results:

A significant decrease in Steepest K postoperatively (P < 0.001) was noted. Superior K and Inferior K also decreased, but the decrease in Inferior K was statistically significant (P = 0.044). However, change in I-S Asymmetry was not significant. Variation in BCVA, and cycloplegic sphere and cylinder was minimal. Sim K astigmatism, Surface Regularity Index, I-S Asymmetry and Central Corneal Thickness did not show significant variation.

Conclusion:

Ptotic eyelid constantly presses on the cornea causing significant changes in corneal contour and surface remodeling. This pressure when relieved, results in significant flattening and regression of anterior corneal surface to its near normal anatomy. This further resulted in improvement of corneal surface irregularity and symmetry.
Scleral fixation of hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses using a suture burial technique
Authors: Altinkurt Emre , Bilgin Gizem Sayar
Published: June 2021

The procedure involved an ab-externo scleral fixation technique using a double-armed 10-0 polypropylene suture with straight needles that require no scleral flaps. The IOLs are sutured to the sclera, the free suture ends are tied to the suture loops, and they are buried together under the sclera. Forty eyes of 37 patients were included. Postoperative complications are IOL capture in five eyes (12.5%), a significant IOL tilt in one eye (2.5%), recurrent UGH (uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema) syndrome in two eyes (5%), glaucoma in three eyes (7.5%), suture exposure in two eyes (5%) and IOL drop due to haptic breakage in one eye (2.5%). The technique can be effectively used for the refixation of dislocated hydrophobic acrylic IOLs by temporary haptic externalization through a corneal incision and for the treatment of aphakia with or without penetrating keratoplasty. Surgeons should be aware of the possibility of UGH syndrome due to IOL capture, especially in young eyes.
Jagat and Bala intraocular lens supporting system: An artificial platform for intraocular lens implantation in an aphakic patient with inadequate capsular support
Authors: R Balamurugan , Ram Jagat , S Ganesh , Kaur Savleen , Gupta Parul Chawla , Behera Ranjan
Published: June 2021

We describe a novel device, Jagat and Bala Intraocular lens Supporting System (JBISS), an artificial Intraocular lens (IOL) platform that facilitates IOL fixation in an aphakic patient with poor capsular support and also facilitates IOL exchange in case of myopic shift or refractive surprise. Implantation of JBISS along with IOL was carried out in four patients and results are promising without any adverse events.
Prevalence and determinants of self medication use among the adult population residing in a sub urban areas near Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Shalini Arumugam , Logaraj Muthinarayanan
Published: June 2021

Background:

Self-medication in urban population seems to increase but the available information is scarce. It is essential to generate evidence regarding the burden and determinants to plan for a public health intervention to address this problem. Our study is an attempt to ascertain the research may show the prevalence and determinants of self-medication among adults population of urban Tamil Nadu.

Methods:

A community-based cross sectional study was conducted among 408 adults residing in a sub urban areas near Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Probability proportionate to size of sampling technique (PPS) was used to decide the number of adults to be included in the study. House to house interview was done using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire. Informed written consent was obtained from the participants.

Results:

Around 132 out of 406 of our study population (32.5%, 95% CI: 27.9, 37.06) reported that they are using self-medication at least once in the past 6 months. It was found that males are 1.5 times more likely to use self-medication than females (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.39, P value: 0.036) and younger adults (age <30 years) are 55% less likely to use self-medication than the adults greater than 30 years (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.72, P value: 0.001).

Conclusion:

Increasing prevalence of self-medication use qualifies it to be considered as the public health problem. Gender discrimination and lack of prioritizing geriatric heath care needs in a routine health system are some of the other problems identified. These problems have to be addressed by the public health planners and policy makers to provide equitable and quality health care.
Compliance with iron folic acid (IFA) tablets and associated factors among pregnant women attending ante-natal care clinic at Sub District Hospital, Ballabgarh
Authors: Deori Trideep J. , Ramaswamy Gomathi , Jaiswal Abhishek , Loganathan Vignesh , Kumar Rakesh , Mahey Reeta , Yadav Kapil , Kant Shashi
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Anemia is a common public health problem among children, adolescent girls, women in reproductive age groups, pregnant and lactating women, with an estimated prevalence of 50.3% among pregnant women according to National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 4. Iron deficiency is regarded as the most common cause of anemia among pregnant women globally and in India. This study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of compliance to iron folic acid (IFA) tablets among pregnant mothers attending ante-natal care (ANC) clinic in a Sub-district hospital (SDH) situated in north India and the various factors associated with non-compliance to IFA tablets.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional facility-based study was conducted among pregnant women attending the ANC clinic at SDH, Ballabgarh. A pretested, semi-structured interview schedule was used to obtain socio-demographic data, information related to IFA therapy that they receive, their compliance and the factors that are related to missing of the doses. Data were entered using Epicollect 5 software and Stata version 13.0 was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

A total of 484 pregnant women were enrolled in our study. More than 3/4th (77.1%) of the pregnant women were compliant to IFA tablet supplement given to them. The compliance was more in the study participants belonging to older age groups, lower socio-economic status and those with hemoglobin levels >11 gm/dl. The most common reason for non-compliance was found to be “forgetfulness” (63.0%) followed by “side effects” (49.5%).

Conclusion:

Compliance with IFA tablets was better among pregnant women who were non anemic and those with good compliance to IFA tablets had better hemoglobin levels.
Does membership in women's group advance health and empowerment? Evidence from India
Authors: Saha Somen
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Women's self-help groups (SHGs) are actively promoted to advance women's empowerment. SHGs are estimated to cover 112 million households in 2017; more than 90% are women. This article answers if membership in women's group is associated with better health and women's empowerment.

Methods:

Data on district level health and empowerment indicators were obtained from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey 2015–16. Data on SHG activity, defined as concentration of SHG at district, was obtained from publicly available data. Twelve indicators were clubbed to measure four domains: maternal health, women's empowerment, child health, and health protection. Binary logistic regressions were computed with education and wealth as control in each model to analyze the change in 12 indicators with the presence of SHG.

Results:

Districts with higher concentration of SHG members were associated with higher odds of women delivering their babies in an institution (OR: 1.53), taking iron pills, sprinklers, or syrup (OR: 1.11), using family planning methods (OR: 1.03), having knowledge of ovulatory cycle (OR: 1.10), owning house or land (either alone or jointly) (OR: 1.18) and lower odds of women suffering from anemia (OR: 0.92). The odds improve when districts with higher concentration of SHG members were compared with those with lower concentration.

Conclusion:

Membership in women's group is associated with better health measures as well as asset ownership; higher the concentration of SHG, higher is the impact.