bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soft X-ray beamline BL1N2 at Aichi Synchrotron Radiation Center and its industrial use
Authors: Sugiyama Harue , Murase Haruki , Nomoto Toyokazu , Takeda Yoshikazu
Published: June 2023

BL1N2 is a soft X-ray XAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure) beamline that is well suited for industrial use. User service started in 2015. The beamline is a grazing optical system with a pre-mirror, an inlet slit, two mirrors for three gratings, an outlet slit and a post-mirror. Light of 150 eV to 2000 eV is available, and K-edge measurements of elements from B to Si are covered. The O K-edge is most often measured; transition metals such as Ni and Cu at their L-edges and lanthanoids at their M-edges are also often measured. Here, basic information about BL1N2, the effect of ageing by synchrotron radiation to remove mirror contamination, and a compatible sample handling system and transfer vessels to allow a one-stop service at three soft X-ray beamlines at AichiSR are described.
Public value accounting and the use of performance measurements as a management tool in a context of various assessments
Authors: Höglund Linda , Mårtensson Maria , Nylinder Pia
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise our understanding of public value accounting (PVA) by studying the use and usefulness of performance measurements (PM) as a management tool. The authors do this from a perspective in which they address the complexity of various (sometimes conflicting) assessments of performance measurement and management (PMM) by different stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach

An interpretative case study using qualitative methods. The paper is based on 30 interviews conducted in 2018 and 2019 with respondents working with PMM at different levels, such as politicians, officials and health-care professionals. The study context was Region Stockholm (RS) in Sweden and its health-care division.

Findings

PMs become an instrumental tool for PMM, which led to output being promoted above outcome. The authors show that there is a conceptual shortcoming in the discussion of PVA, as the effort needed to achieve outcome-based information might exceed the ability of an organisation to deliver it. The authors address the importance of studying the interaction among different stakeholders, including politicians, the public and media, in research on PVA, as well as possible power relationships among stakeholders.

Originality/value

The authors contribute to the growing research on PVA and its call for more empirical research by offering a more nuanced interpretation of PVA activities. The authors do this by studying PMM and the nature of these activities in a public sector organisation from a multiple-stakeholder perspective.
Watch out for nomophobia, so it does not catch you! Effects of digital dependence syndrome on mental health
Authors: Contreras Pinochet Luis Hernan , Santos Stefani da Silva , Pardim Vanessa Itacaramby , de Souza Cesar Alexandre
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effects of nomophobia in the organizational environment, and the authors developed a research model consisting of the construct's loneliness, depression and anxiety. The growing competitiveness of the market and the need of many companies regarding the availability of employees demand attention.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors surveyed 454 Brazilian respondents and used covariance-based structural equation modeling to analyze the survey results. The model’s hypotheses proved significant, confirming the relationships proposed by the theoretical model.

Findings

Loneliness and depression, rather than anxiety, explained the influence of nomophobia on individuals’ ability to communicate when inserted in the professional context. Individuals were most likely to have high nomophobia incorporate psychological traits that involve emotional instability, and could benefit from the connection between people in a social group.

Practical implications

This study confirms that nomophobia can be a situational phobia evoked by the unavailability of a smartphone or by the idea of not having it, not being able to use it or losing it, even within the business context.

Social implications

The increase in loneliness and depression indicates a deficiency in the face of the smartphone’s benefits.

Originality/value

This paper provides contributions that seek to understand the effect of symptoms from smartphones in the workplace, also indicating that users may cause vulnerability. Companies can prevent vulnerability by creating policies prohibiting their use in the organization’s context and developing healthy habits that do not lead to addiction.
Are ESG performance-based incentives a panacea or a smokescreen for excess compensation?
Authors: Keddie S. Leanne , Magnan Michel
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to examine how the use of environmental, social and governance (ESG) incentives intersects with top management power and various corporate governance mechanisms to affect excess annual cash bonus compensation.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a novel artificial intelligence (AI) technique to obtain data about ESG incentives use by firms in the S&P 500. The authors test the hypotheses with an endogenous treatment-regression and a contrast test.

Findings

When the top management team has power and uses ESG incentives, there is a 32% reduction in excess annual cash bonuses implying ESG incentives are an effective corporate governance tool. However, nuanced analyses reveal that when powerful management teams with ESG incentives are from environmentally sensitive industries, have a corporate social responsibility (CSR) committee or have long-term view institutional shareholders, they derive excess bonuses.

Practical implications

Stakeholders will better understand management’s motivations for the inclusion of ESG incentives in executive compensation contracts and be able to identify situations which require closer scrutiny.

Social implications

Given the increased popularity of ESG incentives, society, regulators, boards of directors and management teams will be interested in better understanding when these incentives might be effective and when they might be abused.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine the use of ESG incentives in relation to excess pay. The authors contribute to both the CSR and executive compensation literatures. The work also uses a new methodological technique using AI to gather difficult-to-obtain data, opening new avenues for research.
Patient‐initiated follow‐up in women with early‐stage endometrial cancer: A long‐term follow‐up of the OPAL trial
Authors: Rulanda Marina Chabert , Mogensen Ole , Jensen Pernille Tine , Hansen Dorte Gilså , Wu Chunsen , Jeppesen Mette Moustgaard
Published: June 2023

Objective

A long‐term follow‐up of the OPAL trial to compare the effect of patient‐initiated (PIFU) versus hospital‐based (HBFU) follow‐up on fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), quality of life (QoL) and healthcare use after 34 months of follow‐up.

Design

Pragmatic, multicentre randomised trial.

Setting

Four Danish departments of gynaecology between May 2013 and May 2016.

Population

212 women diagnosed with stage I low‐intermediate risk endometrial carcinoma.

Methods

The control group attended HBFU with regular outpatient visits (i.e., 8) for 3 years after primary treatment. The intervention group underwent PIFU with no prescheduled visits but with instructions about alarm symptoms and options of self‐referral.

Main outcome measures

The endpoints were FCR as measured by the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI) and QoL as measured by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire C‐30 (EORTC QLQ C‐30), and healthcare use as measured by questionnaires and chart reviews after 34 months of follow‐up.

Results

FCR decreased from baseline to 34 months in both groups and no difference was found between allocations (difference −6.31 [95% confidence interval −14.24 to 1.63]). QoL remained stable with no difference in any domains between the two arms at 34 months using a linear mixed model analysis. The use of healthcare was significantly lower in the PIFU group (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Patient‐initiated follow‐up is a valid alternative to hospital‐based follow‐up for people who have been treated for endometrial cancer and have low risk of recurrence.
Implementing youth participatory action research at a continuation high school
Authors: Lárez Natalie A. , Sharkey Jill D. , Frattaroli Shannon , Avila Elena , Medina Andres
Published: June 2023

Objective

To describe the process of implementing a Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) project at a continuation high school (CHS) and share the results of a youth‐designed research project that explores barriers to high school completion.

Data Sources and Study Setting

YPAR was implemented across three cohorts at a CHS in the central coast of California from 2019 to 2022. Student survey respondents were enrolled CHS students between March and April 2021.

Study Design

A modified YPAR curriculum integrating research methodology and social justice topics was used to guide student‐led research that resulted in a cross‐sectional survey.

Data Collection

Field notes maintained by the first author documented the process of implementing YPAR including the curriculum, conversations, and research decisions and procedures. A student‐designed survey disseminated to all enrolled students resulted in 76 (66%) participant responses. The survey included 18 close‐ended questions and three narrative responses.

Principal Findings

This study details how YPAR methodologies can be translated to a high school credit recovery program. For example, student cohorts were needed to maintain continuity over time. A student‐designed survey revealed that 72% of student respondents reported taking care of family members and illuminated high rates of depression symptoms.

Conclusions

This study offers a detailed description of how we implemented YPAR at a credit recovery program and provides student‐driven perspectives on educational reform and evaluation. This project addresses the implementation and challenges of using YPAR to engage youth in transformational resistance to rapidly study and improve CHS' policy and practice.
The Influence of Administrative Intensity on Efficiency: An Empirical Analysis of Australian Universities
Authors: Tran Carolyn‐Thi Thanh Dung , Dollery Brian , Yarram Subba Reddy
Published: June 2023

While a voluminous empirical literature has investigated university efficiency, much less attention has focused on the impact of administrative intensity on university performance. In this article, we seek to contribute to the empirical literature by examining the relationship between operational efficiency and administrative intensity in the Australian higher education sector over the period 2009/10–2018/19 using a second stage bootstrapping Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) fractional regression model. We find that administrative intensity positively affects the performance of universities for both the standard and bias‐corrected efficiency models. Moreover, administrative intensity exhibits an inverted U‐shaped relationship with university efficiency. We also find that administrative intensity has a differential impact on the efficiency of the different types of university. Various public policy implications are considered.
Saudi Critical Care Society clinical practice guidelines on the prevention of venous thromboembolism in adults with trauma: Endorsement by the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine
Authors: Sigurðsson Martin Ingi , Chew Michelle , Olkkola Klaus T. , Rehn Marius , Kalliomäki Maija‐Liisa , Møller Morten Hylander
Published: June 2023

The Clinical Practice Committee of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine endorses the clinical practice guideline Saudi Critical Care Society clinical practice guidelines on the prevention of venous thromboembolism in adults with trauma: reviewed for evidence‐based integrity and endorsed by the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. This clinical practice guideline serves as a useful decision aid for Nordic anaesthesiologists managing adult trauma patients in the operating room and in the intensive care unit.
Arbitration Effect
Authors: Ghodoosi Farshad , Sharif Monica M.
Published: June 2023

Arbitration is changing the United States justice system. Critics argue that arbitration leads to claim suppression. Proponents argue that, compared with courts, arbitration is cheaper and less formal. These claims have not been empirically tested. In particular, whether and how arbitration impacts individuals’ decision to sue remains an open inquiry. This article for the first time shows, in a series of experiments, the impact of arbitration agreements on individuals' decisions to sue. This article calls it the “arbitration effect.” First, we test whether the arbitration effect exists; that is, if arbitration agreements negatively impact individuals' decision to sue. Second, we experimentally test individuals' decisions to opt out of arbitration agreements. Lastly, we assess whether any type of information can “cure” the arbitration effect. The results establish that individuals are less likely to sue in arbitration as opposed to court, hence the arbitration effect. Such an effect, however, does not exist at the contracting stage, meaning that individuals do not shun arbitration when given the option. Further, none of the fundamental attributes of arbitration, as touted by the U.S. Supreme Court, nor win‐rates and class actions mitigate the arbitration effect. Equally, informational nudges do not reduce the effect, and individuals do not ascribe negative attributes to firms forcing mandatory arbitration. For decades, courts and lawmakers grappled with issues related to arbitration. The article provides much‐needed data on arbitration. Findings cast serious doubts on the ongoing efforts—market‐based, judicial, or regulatory—aiming to change the arbitration course.
Stepping Up to the Plate: Minor Leaguers Attempt to Remedy their Unconscionable Plight
Authors: Loafman Lucas W. , Holden John T.
Published: June 2023

Professional baseball players are often thought of as making multi‐million‐dollar salaries, but most professional baseball players have recently made under $15,000 a year. Minor league players toiled under an onerous system resulting from baseball's judicially created antitrust exemption and lobbying efforts that exempted them from minimum wage and overtime. These factors allowed teams to impose a uniform player contract (UPC) on players with numerous unconscionable provisions for years. However, a late‐night Tweet in August of 2022 sent shockwaves through the sports and labor world, announcing that the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) was sending out authorization cards to represent minor league players. After years of fighting to maintain the authority to impose conditions on minor league players, through lobbying and litigation, Major League Baseball (MLB) turned over a new leaf and recognized the unionization of minor league players under the MLBPA less than three weeks later. In light of this long sought‐after recognition, this article takes a novel approach. First, it provides historical context for baseball's unique ability to impose working conditions on minor leaguers without significant concern for legal ramifications. Second, it provides an overview of the doctrine of contractual unconscionability and analyzes the prior UPC as an unconscionable agreement. Finally, it details the historic unionization process and makes detailed recommendations to ameliorate the unconscionable conditions minor league players have faced when they negotiate with MLB owners to draft their initial collective bargaining agreement.
The little things
Authors: Ahmann Chloe
Published: June 2023

In this short piece inspired by The Hundreds and written to honor Katie Stewart's work, I reflect on the force of glimpsing people's workaday humanity—particularly when it comes to writing anthropology's “repugnant others.”
Monterey Park, Lunar New Year 2023
Authors: Zee Jerry C.
Published: June 2023

This piece is part of a special section of “hundreds” in honor of Kathleen Stewart. It reflects on a mass shooting in California through her sense of “atmosphere.”
Thoracoscopic repair for late‐presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia with thoracic kidney in a child
Authors: Fukuhara Masahiro , Kaisyakuji Yushi , Sato Tomoe , Izaki Tomoko
Published: June 2023

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with a hernia sac and thoracic kidney is a very rare congenital anomaly. Recently, the usefulness of endoscopic surgery for CDH has been reported. We herein report a patient who underwent thoracoscopic repair of CDH with a hernia sac and thoracic kidney. A 7‐year‐old boy was referred to our hospital due to a diagnosis of CDH without clinical symptoms. Computed tomography showed herniation of the intestine into the left thorax and left‐sided thoracic kidney. The key points of operation are resection of the hernia sac and identification of the suturable diaphragm under the presence of the thoracic kidney. In the present case, after repositioning the kidney to the subdiaphragmatic area completely, the border of the diaphragmatic rim was clearly visualized. Good visibility allowed resection of the hernia sac without damaging the phrenic nerve and closure of the diaphragmatic defect.
Navigating through the haemostatic paradox in kidney failure: A practical overview
Authors: Caruana Jessica , Riva Nicoletta , Vella Kevin , Davenport Andrew , Gatt Alexander
Published: June 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects around 9.1% of humankind globally resulting in a significant health burden. Some of these individuals will also require renal replacement therapy with dialysis due to complete kidney failure. Patients with CKD are known to be at increased risk of both bleeding and thrombosis. Often it is very difficult to manage these yin and yang since both risks tend to co‐exist. Clinically, very few studies have looked at the effects of antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants in this highly vulnerable subgroup of medical patients and evidence is very limited. This review attempts to explain the current state‐of‐the‐art regarding the basic science of haemostasis in patients with end‐stage kidney disease. We also try to transfer this knowledge into the clinics by looking at some common haemostasis challenges that are encountered in this cohort of patients and what evidence and guidance there is for their optimal management.
Features in children's counting books that lead dyads to both count and label sets during shared book reading
Authors: O'Rear Connor D. , Seip Isabella , Azar Joanna , Baroody Arthur J. , McNeil Nicole M.
Published: June 2023

This study examined how book features influence talk during shared book reading. We used data from a study in which parent–child dyads (n = 157; child's Mage = 43.99 months; 88 girls, 69 boys; 91.72% of parents self‐reported as white) were randomly assigned to read two number books. The focus was comparison talk (i.e., talk in which dyads count a set and also label its total), as this type of talk has been shown to promote children's understanding of cardinality. Replicating previous findings, dyads produced relatively low levels of comparison talk. However, book features influenced the talk. Books containing a greater number of numerical representations (e.g., number word, numeral, and non‐symbolic set) and a greater word count elicited more comparison talk.
A data‐driven framework to model the organism–environment system
Authors: Milocco Lisandro , Uller Tobias
Published: June 2023

Organisms modify their development and function in response to the environment. At the same time, the environment is modified by the activities of the organism. Despite the ubiquity of such dynamical interactions in nature, it remains challenging to develop models that accurately represent them, and that can be fitted using data. These features are desirable when modeling phenomena such as phenotypic plasticity, to generate quantitative predictions of how the system will respond to environmental signals of different magnitude or at different times, for example, during ontogeny. Here, we explain a modeling framework that represents the organism and environment as a single coupled dynamical system in terms of inputs and outputs. Inputs are external signals, and outputs are measurements of the system in time. The framework uses time‐series data of inputs and outputs to fit a nonlinear black‐box model that allows to predict how the system will respond to novel input signals. The framework has three key properties: it captures the dynamical nature of the organism–environment system, it can be fitted with data, and it can be applied without detailed knowledge of the system. We study phenotypic plasticity using in silico experiments and demonstrate that the framework predicts the response to novel environmental signals. The framework allows us to model plasticity as a dynamical property that changes in time during ontogeny, reflecting the well‐known fact that organisms are more or less plastic at different developmental stages.
Combined orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment in an adolescent patient with traumatically ankylosed incisors: A case report
Authors: Li Kun , Sun Peng , Sun Jing , Wang Tiejun
Published: June 2023

Symmetric extraction of premolars is a frequently used orthodontic treatment for dental crowding and protrusion. However, when a patient has incisors with ankylosis, the establishment of a treatment protocol often plagues orthodontists. An adolescent patient with a history of incisor trauma sought treatment for dental protrusion and crowding. Upon percussion of his infrapositioned maxillary central incisors, characteristic dull metallic sounds were noted, and a lack of normal mobility of these teeth under the application of external forces was detected. Follow‐up radiographs after the trauma showed replacement root resorption of the maxillary central incisors. Based on clinical and radiological findings, ankylosis of the maxillary central incisors was tentatively diagnosed. A combination of orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment options involving extraction of the maxillary central incisors and mandibular first premolars was chosen to resolve the functional and esthetic problems. After treatment, well‐aligned dentition, improved smile esthetics, and a more harmonious facial profile were achieved, and these outcomes remained stable during the follow‐up period. This case report illustrates a viable treatment strategy for tackling predicaments caused by ankylosed incisors, which is unusual in the literature.
Locating the Belt and Road Initiative's spatial trilectics
Authors: Cheng Han , Apostolopoulou Elia
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we survey the expanding body of literature on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Chinese and Anglophone geography, and locate the main lines of development. The emerging scholarship approaches the BRI as a spatial discourse and examines the production of geographical reasoning in statecraft. It also links up with studies of the BRI as both a material project and an everyday experience. We argue that it is in this combined understanding of BRI's multiple registers, as discourse, project, and experience, that a trilectical approach for future geographical engagement can be identified as the BRI edges to its second decade.
A typology of multi‐platform integration strategies
Authors: Schreieck Maximilian , Ondrus Jan , Wiesche Manuel , Krcmar Helmut
Published: June 2023

Big Tech companies such as Alphabet (Google), Apple, Meta (Facebook), Alibaba, and Tencent have repeatedly demonstrated their capability to integrate multiple digital platforms successfully. However, the grasp of how multi‐platform integration strategies are articulated and the potential benefits they bring forth remains limited. Previous research has predominantly focused on launch, growth, and competition strategies for single platforms, prompting us to develop a typology of four multi‐platform integration strategies: collection, consolidation, symbiosis, and assemblage. For each strategy, we examine what complementarities are generated and provide real‐world examples. Subsequently, we delve into a discussion of the limitations and implications associated with the integration of multiple digital platforms. We conclude by proposing avenues for future research on multi‐platform integration strategies.
Indium containing sillenite semiconductor: Synthesis, structural, spectroscopic, and thermogravimetric analysis
Authors: Hossain Md. Imran , Murshed M. Mangir , Gesing Thorsten M.
Published: June 2023

Sillenite‐type ceramics are non‐centrosymmetric phases of ongoing research interest because of their structural defects and optoelectronic properties. We report a series of sillenite compounds with a general composition Bi12(Bi3+4/5−3xIn3+5x□1/5−2x)O19.2+3x□0.8−3x for x = 0.03–0.27 to understand how the crystal–physicochemical properties change with a successive filling of empty Bi3+ positions in the tetrahedral site by In3+ cation. Conventional solid‐state synthesis method is used to prepare the microcrystalline samples. Each sample is characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry (TG/DSC). X‐ray powder data Rietveld refinement reveals that phase‐pure samples can be obtained for x = 0.03–0.08 in the space group I23. Appearance of starting In2O3 as minor phases with the final products for 0.10 < x < 0.27 suggests for xmax = 0.08. The successive decrease of the lattice parameter indicates the incorporation of smaller In3+ cations in the structure. The effect of the lone electron pairs of Bi3+ and the structural cation vacancies lead to the modification of the interatomic bond lengths. At least one Raman active phonon mode shows hardening for decreasing cation vacancy concentration in the system. The bandgap energy increases with increasing indium content. An additional absorption band at lower energy for x = 0.03–0.08 complements the theoretical study, which completely disappears for x > 0.08. The stronger In–O bonds play pivotal roles in the thermal stability of the phases studied by TGA/DSC analysis.
Al2O3–Ce:YAG composite phosphor ceramics for white laser lighting: Novel preparation and regulatable properties
Authors: Wang Yanbin , Huang Xinyou , Cheng Ziqiu , Hu Dianjun , Zhu Danyang , Chen Penghui , Tian Feng , Yuan Qiang , Kosyanov Denis Yu. , Li Jiang
Published: June 2023

In this work, a series of Al2O3–Ce:YAG phosphor powders were synthesized by regulating the excess Al3+ of (Y,Ce)3Al5O12 via coprecipitation method for the first time, where Al3+, Ce3+, and Y3+ elements were uniformly distributed. With the increase of Al3+ content, the morphology of the powders changed from wormlike shapes to flaky shapes, and Y3Al5O12 phases had a tendency to convert to YAlO3 phases. The x wt.% Al2O3–(Y0.999Ce0.001)3Al5O12 (x = 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70) composite phosphor ceramics (CPCs) were obtained by vacuum sintering (1775°C × 10 h), where Al2O3 and Ce:YAG phases were also well‐distributed. When the Al2O3 content was 30–40 wt.%, the average grain size of Al2O3 was close to that of Ce:YAG. A solid‐state laser lighting device was constructed by a 450 nm laser source and CPCs in a reflection mode. By adjusting the laser power, the correlated color temperature (CCT) values of white laser diodes (LDs) were achieved close to the standard white light of 6500 K. Impressively, the white LDs equipped with the 40 wt.% Al2O3‐containing CPCs showed the optimum CCT of 6498 K (color coordinates: 0.31 and 0.38), as well as a high luminous flux of 1169 lm and efficiency of 166 lm/W at the LD power of 7.05 W. This work has provided a potential idea to optimize the composition uniformity of Al2O3–Ce:YAG CPCs as also to explore their excellent performance in the application of white laser lighting.
New Parabasalia symbionts Snyderella spp. and Daimonympha gen. nov. from South American Rugitermes termites and the parallel evolution of a cell with a rotating “head”
Authors: Hehenberger Elisabeth , Boscaro Vittorio , James Erick R. , Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Trznadel Morelia , Mtawali Mahara , Fiorito Rebecca , del Campo Javier , Karnkowska Anna , Kolisko Martin , Irwin Nicholas A. T. , Mathur Varsha , Scheffrahn Rudolf H. , Keeling Patrick J.
Published: June 2023

Most Parabasalia are symbionts in the hindgut of “lower” (non‐Termitidae) termites, where they widely vary in morphology and degree of morphological complexity. Large and complex cells in the class Cristamonadea evolved by replicating a fundamental unit, the karyomastigont, in various ways. We describe here four new species of Calonymphidae (Cristamonadea) from Rugitermes hosts, assigned to the genus Snyderella based on diagnostic features (including the karyomastigont pattern) and molecular phylogeny. We also report a new genus of Calonymphidae, Daimonympha, from Rugitermes laticollis. Daimonympha's morphology does not match that of any known Parabasalia, and its SSU rRNA gene sequence corroborates this distinction. Daimonympha does however share a puzzling feature with a few previously described, but distantly related, Cristamonadea: a rapid, smooth, and continuous rotation of the anterior end of the cell, including the many karyomastigont nuclei. The function of this rotatory movement, the cellular mechanisms enabling it, and the way the cell deals with the consequent cell membrane shear, are all unknown. “Rotating wheel” structures are famously rare in biology, with prokaryotic flagella being the main exception; these mysterious spinning cells found only among Parabasalia are another, far less understood, example.
Self‐reported oral moistening disorders in obstructive sleep apnoea: A scoping review
Authors: Raoof Maryam , Verhoeff Merel C. , Kooshki Razieh , Aarab Ghizlane , Lobbezoo Frank
Published: June 2023

Background

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent problem with significant consequences. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and oral mandibular advancement device (MAD) are considered the standard treatments for OSA. Patients may experience self‐reported oral moistening disorders (OMDs) (i.e. xerostomia or drooling) at the beginning, throughout and after treatment. This affects oral health, quality of life and treatment effectiveness. The exact nature of the associations between OSA and self‐reported OMD is still unknown. We aimed to provide an overview of the associations between self‐reported OMD on the one hand and OSA and its treatment (namely CPAP and MAD) on the other hand. In addition, we sought to determine whether OMD affects treatment adherence.

Materials and Methods

A literature search in PubMed was performed up to 27 September 2022. Two researchers independently assessed studies for eligibility.

Results

In total, 48 studies were included. Thirteen papers investigated the association between OSA and self‐reported OMD. They all suggested an association between OSA and xerostomia but not between OSA and drooling. The association between CPAP and OMD was addressed in 20 articles. The majority of studies have indicated xerostomia as a CPAP side effect; however, some have observed that xerostomia diminishes with CPAP therapy. In 15 papers, the association between MAD and OMD was investigated. In most publications, both xerostomia and drooling have been described as common side effects of MADs. These side effects are often mild and transient, and they improve as patients continue to use their appliance. Most studies found that these OMDs do not cause or are not a strong predictor of non‐compliance.

Conclusion

Xerostomia is a common side effect of CPAP and MAD, as well as a significant symptom of OSA. It may be regarded as one of the indicators of sleep apnoea. Moreover, MAD therapy can be associated with OMD. However, it seems that OMD may be mitigated by being adherent to the therapy.
Pricing energy consumption and residential energy‐efficiency investment: An optimal tax approach
Authors: Crampes Claude , Ladoux Norbert , Lozachmeur Jean‐Marie
Published: June 2023

We analyze a Pareto optimal income tax problem à la Mirrlees in which households consume three types of goods: energy goods, energy‐efficient investments, and nonenergy goods. The two main ingredients of our normative analysis are: (i) an indirect relationship between energy and the satisfaction of energy needs, as energy‐efficient investments transform energy into services, such as light, heating, and air conditioning; and (ii) imperfect information of the policy designer as regards the level of energy efficiency of households' housing and their labor market productivity. Each household differs with respect to these two latter characteristics, and the government designs a nonlinear income tax combined with energy and energy‐efficient investment nonlinear pricing that maximizes a weighted sum of households' utilities. We show that a benevolent social planner should distort energy prices in a way that depends on the difference between the saturation of energy needs and the complementarity between energy and the level of energy efficiency in the provision of energy services. A sufficient condition for energy consumption to be subsidized is that the rebound effect is small. Second, when individuals can invest in energy efficiency on top of energy consumption, these investments should always be subsidized and the marginal subsidy should always be higher than the one on energy consumption.
Estimating baseline creatinine to detect acute kidney injury in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Larsen Thomas , See Emily J. , Holmes Natasha E. , Bellomo Rinaldo
Published: June 2023

Background

Accurately estimating baseline kidney function is essential for diagnosing acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We developed and evaluated novel equations to estimate baseline creatinine in patients with AKI on CKD.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed 5649 adults with AKI out of 11 254 CKD patients, dividing them evenly into derivation and validation groups. Using quantiles regression, we created equations to estimate baseline creatinine, considering historical creatinine values, months since measurement, age, and sex from the derivation dataset. We assessed performance against back‐estimation equations and unadjusted historical creatinine values using the validation dataset.

Results

The optimal equation adjusted the most recent creatinine value for time since measurement and sex. Estimates closely matched the actual baseline at AKI onset, with median (95% confidence interval) differences of just 0.9% (−0.8% to 2.1%) and 0.6% (−1.6% to 3.9%) when the most recent value was within 6 months to 30 days and 2 years to 6 months before AKI onset, respectively. The equation improved AKI event reclassification by an additional 2.5% (2.0% to 3.0%) compared to the unadjusted most recent creatinine value and 7.3% (6.2% to 8.4%) compared to the CKD‐EPI 2021 back‐estimation equation.

Conclusion

Creatinine levels drift in patients with CKD, causing false positives in AKI detection without adjustment. Our novel equation adjusts the most recent creatinine value for drift over time. It provides more accurate baseline creatinine estimation in patients with suspected AKI on CKD, which reduces false‐positive AKI detection, improving patient care and management.
Trade liberalization along the firm size distribution: The case of the EU‐South Korea FTA
Authors: Chowdhry Sonali , Felbermayr Gabriel
Published: June 2023

Leading theories suggest that amongst continuing exporters, lower variable trade costs should boost exports of smaller firms by the same or greater percentage rate than larger firms. However, investigating the impact of the deep EU‐South Korea FTA with French customs data, we find robust evidence to the contrary. Applying a triple‐difference framework, we report that the FTA increased sales in the top quartile of continuous exporters by 71.5% points more than in the bottom quartile. More than 90% of that growth premium is driven by reductions in NTBs. These findings suggest an additional channel driving the distributional effects of FTAs.
Oral health characteristics in children and adolescents with Down syndrome
Authors: Scalioni Flávia Almeida Ribeiro , Carrada Camila Faria , Tavares Maisa Costa , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Ribeiro Rosangela Almeida , Paiva Saul Martins
Published: June 2023

Aim

To compare oral health indicators of children/adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) with a group of children/adolescents without DS.

Methods and Results

This cross‐sectional study included 144 individuals with DS, ages 4 to 18 years, matched for age and sex with a group of 144 individuals without DS, and their parents/caregivers. Parents/caregivers completed a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic information and habits related to their children's oral health. Clinical examination of the children/adolescents evaluated dental caries experience (DMFT/dmft), bleeding on periodontal probing, presence of visible plaque, clinical consequences of untreated dental caries (PUFA/pufa), and malocclusion (DAI). The chi‐square test, linear by linear test, and Mann‐Whitney test were used to compare the variables between the groups (p < .05). Children/adolescents without DS brushed their teeth more times per day (p < .001) and had a higher frequency of daily sugar intake (p < .001). The children/adolescents in the DS group had a greater presence of gingival bleeding (p < .001) and had a greater number of cases of “severe malocclusion” and “very severe malocclusion” (p = .001). No difference was found in the prevalence of dental caries between the two groups.

Conclusion

The children/adolescents in the DS group had a greater presence of gingival bleeding during the clinical examination and had a greater need for orthodontic treatment.
Moving towards holistic rehabilitation – A qualitative study exploring how people diagnosed with cancer and cancer survivors experience a dance‐like intervention
Authors: Honoré Grauslund Anne‐Mette , Ammentorp Jette , Timmermann Connie
Published: June 2023

Background

Rehabilitation that supports the individual on the journey back to their usual selves after cancer treatment becomes increasingly important. Studies have shown that a focus on the connection between body and mind might be beneficial. Consequently, Whole Person Care and initiatives that fall in line with this holistic approach to health care, such as a dance‐like intervention needs further examination. The aim of this study was to explore the qualitative aspects of 5Rhythms® as experienced by people diagnosed with cancer.

Method

A total of 29 (17 in 2017) participants were recruited through purposeful sampling. Participants underwent one 5Rhythms® session per week for 2 months. This qualitative study with a phenomenological approach used diaries and individual interviews as its methods for data collection. Data were analysed using Giorgi's phenomenological framework and Maurice Merleau‐Ponty's theoretical perspectives on phenomenological approaches to the body, perception and consciousness were applied.

Results

Three main themes (‘(now) I sense my entire body’, ‘Something liberating is happening inside my body’ and ‘We travel together’) and five connecting sub‐themes were identified through the analysis process.

Conclusion

Participating in 5Rhythms® contributed to reconnecting body and soul during or after battling cancer. It evoked thoughts and feelings of existential matter. Results suggest that participating in 5Rhythms® can assist in personal growth. The benefit of being among peers while on the path to recovery was also illuminated. In regard to rehabilitation, this study underlines the importance of being aware of the connection between body and mind.
Are moderate levels of stress particularly dangerous for relationship satisfaction? A conceptual replication of Tesser and Beach (1998)
Authors: Williamson Hannah C.
Published: June 2023

The well‐documented negative impact of daily stressors on relational well‐being, juxtaposed with emerging evidence indicating that major stressors can have a positive impact on relational well‐being, suggests that the association between stress and relational well‐being may not be monotonic. Tesser and Beach originally raised this possibility in a 1998 study in which they found that the association between stress and individual well‐being was linear, whereas the association with relational well‐being was non‐linear. The current study sought to conceptually replicate this study within the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic by examining associations between stress and individual versus relational well‐being, using a sample of 654 individuals who were in a committed relationship in the early weeks of the pandemic. Results were somewhat consistent with those of the original study: the association between stress and depression was linear, but the association between stress and relationship satisfaction was non‐linear. However, the form of the association between stress and relationship satisfaction was different than observed in the original study. These results point toward the need to better understand how the severity of a stressor impacts relational outcomes, including the characteristics of stress that lead to stress spillover and the circumstances under which relational outcomes are resilient to high levels of stress.
Won't you be my neighbor? Local community identification predicted decreased stress over the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ungson Nick D. , Bucher Katelyn , Marsh Jessecae K. , Lamadrid L Alberto J. , Packer Dominic J.
Published: June 2023

Social identities are an important resource, especially during times of crisis. They provide shared meaning, as well as access to social and instrumental support. The COVID‐19 pandemic, although global in nature, was experienced very locally; many people stopped traveling and were often confined to their homes and neighborhoods. We reasoned this would make American residents' local community identities especially important. We collected data at five time points between April 2020 and March 2021 and measured American adults' social identification with their local community, identification with a self‐nominated important group, and stress. We found that stress decreased over the first few months of the pandemic, then leveled out. Importantly, this decrease was more pronounced among people who strongly identified with their local communities. Furthermore, community identities were stronger predictors of stress decreases than social groups that respondents themselves nominated as highly important to them (e.g., family, friends). These results held controlling for age, gender, political conservatism, and other variables. This research provides important insights into the importance of social identities, and specifically local communities, during times of crisis.
Health worries, sociopolitical attitudes, or both? Prospective predictors of COVID‐19 vaccine uptake in the Czech Republic
Authors: Šerek Jan , Klicperová‐Baker Martina
Published: June 2023

We examined the effects of health worries and sociopolitical attitudes on subsequent COVID‐19 vaccine uptake. To avoid the potential bias of cross‐sectional research, we analyzed whether these variables were able to predict the vaccine uptake prospectively, that is, when measured at the beginning of the nationwide vaccination campaign. The source of data was a longitudinal quota panel of 863 (T1 March 2021) and 641 (T2 May 2022) adult citizens of the Czech Republic. Besides health worries, the survey covered distrust in politicians, submission to political authorities, and trust in people. Results showed that the likelihood of getting vaccinated against COVID‐19 at T2 was higher for participants who were more worried about the impact of COVID‐19 on their health and less distrustful of politicians at T1. Furthermore, a general trust in people at T1 predicted a more likely vaccine uptake at T2, while political submission had no effect. These results corroborate the roles of both health concerns and sociopolitical attitudes in COVID‐19 vaccine uptake.
A comprehensive metabolomics and lipidomics atlas for the legumes common bean, chickpea, lentil and lupin
Authors: Bulut Mustafa , Wendenburg Regina , Bitocchi Elena , Bellucci Elisa , Kroc Magdalena , Gioia Tania , Susek Karolina , Papa Roberto , Fernie Alisdair R. , Alseekh Saleh
Published: June 2023

Legumes represent an important component of human and livestock diets; they are rich in macro‐ and micronutrients such as proteins, dietary fibers and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Whilst several health‐promoting and anti‐nutritional properties have been associated with grain content, in‐depth metabolomics characterization of major legume species remains elusive. In this article, we used both gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) to assess the metabolic diversity in the five legume species commonly grown in Europe, including common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), lentil (Lens culinaris), white lupin (Lupinus albus) and pearl lupin (Lupinus mutabilis), at the tissue level. We were able to detect and quantify over 3400 metabolites covering major nutritional and anti‐nutritional compounds. Specifically, the metabolomics atlas includes 224 derivatized metabolites, 2283 specialized metabolites and 923 lipids. The data generated here will serve the community as a basis for future integration to metabolomics‐assisted crop breeding and facilitate metabolite‐based genome‐wide association studies to dissect the genetic and biochemical bases of metabolism in legume species.
Rice florigens control a common set of genes at the shoot apical meristem including the F‐BOX BROADER TILLER ANGLE 1 that regulates tiller angle and spikelet development
Authors: Mineri Lorenzo , Cerise Martina , Giaume Francesca , Vicentini Giulio , Martignago Damiano , Chiara Matteo , Galbiati Francesca , Spada Alberto , Horner David , Fornara Fabio , Brambilla Vittoria
Published: June 2023

Rice flowering is triggered by transcriptional reprogramming at the shoot apical meristem (SAM) mediated by florigenic proteins produced in leaves in response to changes in photoperiod. Florigens are more rapidly expressed under short days (SDs) compared to long days (LDs) and include the HEADING DATE 3a (Hd3a) and RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (RFT1) phosphatidylethanolamine binding proteins. Hd3a and RFT1 are largely redundant at converting the SAM into an inflorescence, but whether they activate the same target genes and convey all photoperiodic information that modifies gene expression at the SAM is currently unclear. We uncoupled the contribution of Hd3a and RFT1 to transcriptome reprogramming at the SAM by RNA sequencing of dexamethasone‐inducible over‐expressors of single florigens and wild‐type plants exposed to photoperiodic induction. Fifteen highly differentially expressed genes common to Hd3a, RFT1, and SDs were retrieved, 10 of which still uncharacterized. Detailed functional studies on some candidates revealed a role for LOC_Os04g13150 in determining tiller angle and spikelet development and the gene was renamed BROADER TILLER ANGLE 1 (BRT1). We identified a core set of genes controlled by florigen‐mediated photoperiodic induction and defined the function of a novel florigen target controlling tiller angle and spikelet development.