bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of productivity of farmland in Imo State
Authors: Anyiam K.H. , Igwe K.C. , Henry-Ukoha A.
Published: June 2020

The study analysed the determinants of productivity of farmland in Imo State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using a set of structured  questionnaires from 60 food crop farmers who were selected through purposive and random sampling techniques. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and econometric tools. The results showed that majority of the respondents were young in their active years, with a mean age of 45 years, married, mostly females, had mean level education of 8 years and mostly farming as their major occupation. The results also showed that the food crop farmers had adequate labour force of a mean 7 persons per household and cultivated an average farm size of 1.06 hectares. The result of the productivity of farmland was 4.03, which showed high productivity. From the results also, the exponential function is the lead equation. The study concluded that farmlands in Imo state are productive and are determined by farm size, location, distance, quantity of fertilizer used, type of soil and duration of tenancy. The study advocated for food crop farmers to form a cooperative to enable them pool their resources together for gaining larger farmlands, fertilizer and other farm inputs.

Keywords: Farmland, Determinants, Productivity, Imo state.
Additions to the geographical distribution of the Malagasy family Microcharmidae Lourenço 1 996 (Scorpiones: Buthoidea) and description of three new species of Microcharmus Lourenço 1 995
Authors: Lourenço Wilson R. , Waeber Patrick O. , Wilmé Lucienne
Published: June 2020

A more up to date biogeographic analysis of the patterns of distribution presented by the scorpions of the family Microcharmidae Lourenço 1 996 are presented. This family is revalidated here based on numerous morphological characters. This Malagasy group of scorpions is represented by two genera, Microcharmus Lourenço 1 995 and Neoprotobuthus Lourenço 2000 both endemic to the Island. The family Microcharmidae seems to be restricted to dry and wet forests formations in the northern and northwestern portions of the island. Here we describe three species new to science:Microcharmus andrei sp. n., Microcharmus antongil sp. n. and Microcharmus djangoa sp. n. The distribution of these new species seems to be restricted to the northern range of Madagascar, in habitats ranging from dry to wet forests, confirming therefore the patterns previously observed.

Une analyse biogéographique à jour portant sur les schémas de distribution des scorpions de la famille des Microcharmidae Lourenço 1 996 est présentée. La famille est ici revalidée sur la base de nombreux caractères morphologiques. Ce groupe de scorpions de Madagascar est représenté par deux genres, Microcharmus Lourenço 1 995 et Neoprotobuthus Lourenço 2000 tous deux endémiques de l’île. La famille des Microcharmidaesemble avoir une distribution limitée aux formations forestières sèches et humides des parties nord et nord-ouest de l’île. Ici, nous décrivons trois espèces nouvelles pour la scienced : Microcharmus andrei sp. n., Microcharmus antongil sp. n. et Microcharmus djangoa sp. n. La distribution de ces trois nouvelles espèces semble limitée à la partie septentrionale de Madagascar, dans des habitats allant des forêts sèches à humides, ce qui confirme ainsi les schémas préalablement observés.
Impact of Pavement Roughness on Traffic Safety under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions
Authors: Popoola M.O. , Apampa O.A. , Adekitan O.
Published: June 2020

H ighway safety is a major priority for public use and for transportation agencies. Pavement roughness indirectly influence drivers' concentration, vehicle operation, and road traffic accidents, and it directly affect ride quality. This study focuses on analyzing the influence of pavement roughness on traffic safety using traffic, pavement and accident data on dual and single carriageway operated under heterogeneous traffic conditions in South-west, Nigeria. Traffic crash data between 2012 and 2015 was obtained from the Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) and International Roughness Index (IRI) data from the Pavement Evaluation Unit of the Federal Ministry of Works, Kaduna. Crash road segments represented 63 percent of the total length of roads. IRI values for crash and non-crash segments was a close difference of 0.3,This indicates that roughness is not the only factors affecting occurrence of traffic crashes but a combination with other factors such as human error, geometric characteristics and vehicle conditions. Crash severity was categorized into Fatal, serious and minor injury crashes. In all cases, the total crash rate increases with increase in IRI value up to a critical IRI value of 4.4 and 6.15 for Sagamu-Ore road and Ilesha-Akure-Owo road respectively, wherein the crash rate dropped. The conclusion is key in improving safety concerns, if transportation agencies keep their road network below these critical pavement conditions, the crash rate would largely decrease. The study concluded that ride quality does not directly affect traffic crash rate.

Keywords: Pavement conditions, traffic safety, International Roughness Index, crash rate, carriageway.
Continuous Sorption of Chromium Ions from Simulated Effluents using Citric Acid Modified Sweet Potato Peels
Authors: Yahya M.D. , Ihejirika C.V. , Iyaka Y.A. , Garba U. , Olugbenga A.G.
Published: June 2020

Adsorptive removal of chromium ion in aqueous medium using activated sweet potato peel (SPP) was studied in a laboratory-scale fixed bed column. Specifically, the effect of process parameters such as bed depth, flowrate and chromium ion concentration in aqueous solution, on the adsorption efficiency of the acid modified sweet potato peel was examined. Column adsorption analysis showed that at the flow rate of 0.5 cm3/min, bed height of 6 cm and column influent concentration of 30 mg/dm3, the optimum chromium (VI) ion removal of 87.5% was attained with the equilibrium adsorption capacity of 2.4548 mg/g. Continuous adsorption models such as Yoon-Nelson, Adam-Bohart and the Bed-Depth Service Time (BDST) model, were used to analyse the experimental data and based on correlation coefficient, BDST model best aligned with the obtained experimental data with correlation coefficient, R2, value of 96.43%. The bed capacity, No, and the rate constant, Ka, were calculated as 4.259 mg/dm3 and 0.01045 L/mgmin respectively at optimum column conditions. Results confirmed that acid modified SPP can be used to remove or reduce concentrations of Cr (VI) ions to allowable limits before disposal into water bodies.

Keywords: Continuous sorption, chromium ions, sweet potato peel, kinetic isotherms, breakthrough curves
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE ABOUT BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION WITH EARLY DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER AT KELURAHAN SINDANG BARANG, BOGOR
Authors: Ami Oetamiati Wiharjo Ami
Published: June 2020

Background :In Indonesia based on Globar Burden of Cancer database, breast cancer is the most cancer who suspecting women reached (26 per 100.000), followed by uterus cancer (16 per 100.000). Based on the Hospital Data Information System (SIRS) in 2007 showed that the incidence of breast cancer reaches 21,69% higher than the figure of cervical cancer 17%. Objective : Determined the relation of knowledge about women of childbearing aware with the early detection of breast cancer in Kelurahan Sindang Barang Bogor. Methods : This reaserch is a type of analytic descriptin with cross sectional design research. Methods of sampling in this research tecnique sample random sampling number of 97 people. The collection of data abtained through thr distribution of questionnaires in the form of the now closed. Result : Based on knowledge about BSE largely WUS 62 respondents (63.9%) and a fraction less knowledgeable 10 respondents (10.3%) good knowledge. Early detection of breast cancer in WUS majority of 55 respondents (56.7%) positive early detection and fraction 42 respondents (43.3%) negative early detection. Relations WUS knowledge about BSE with early detection of breast cancer is the most of 62 respondents (63.9%) less of knowledge among 35 respondents (36.1%) negative early detection and 27 respondents (27.8%) are positive early detection. The test results obtained statistical p value = 0.002 which means there is a significant relationship of two variables. Summary : There is a relatioship between knowledge among women of reproductive age about breast self-examination with early detection of breact cancer at keluarahan Sindang Barang Bogor2015. Suggestion : This research are usefull for healthcare to outreach on knowledge among women of reproductive age about breast self-examination with early detection of breact cancer, so that the women of reproductive age can be find out the information about breast cancer itself.
THE EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTING IN PREGNANT MOTHERS ON LOW BORN BABY BABY IN COUPLIC CLINICS
Authors: Dewi Nopitasari Dewi , Tri Maghfiroh Tri
Published: June 2020

Background of the study : According to data from Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2012, Infant mortality rate (IMR) of 32 deaths / 1,000 live births. The low level of awareness among pregnant women in taking supplements during pregnancy can lead to a variety of impacts for both the mother and baby, including the baby is born with low birth weight (LBW). Objective : Knowing Effect of Supplements On Pregnant Women Against Low Birth Weight Babies in Clinic Pasutri 2018th. Methods : This type of research is an analytical study using cross sectional approach. Respondents in this study were mothers with babies in Clinic Pasutri, the number of 81 respondents. The sampling technique in this study using random sampling techniques. The research instrument was a questionnaire and medical record that is presented in tabular form and processed using SPSS 16.0 type. Result : From 81 respondens obtained maternal pregnancy supplements during pregnancy as many as 53 people or about 65.4% with an incidence rate of low birth weight babies as much as 18 or about 22.2%, while women who did not take supplements of pregnancy by 28 people, or approximately 34.6% LBW incidence rate of about 17 babies, or about 21.0% of total births. Conclusion: There is a relationship effect of supplementation in pregnant women on low birth weight babies in BPS K, Bogor. This is evidenced by the results of P - value is 0.021, which means the value of P - value less than α 0.05.
Eleições em São Paulo do século XIX: uma pletora de leis, votantes e votos em disputa
Authors: Marzano Munari Rodrigo
Published: June 2020

Este artigo procurará abordar, no contexto da província de São Paulo da segunda metade do Oitocentos, alguns aspectos do problema das eleições no Brasil Império, distanciando-se da perspectiva do “falseamento institucional”. De um lado, as leis eleitorais e sucessivos regulamentos do governo imperial eram mobilizados e disputados pelos agentes partidários das localidades, que buscavam controlar os postos-chave nas juntas e mesas que organizavam e realizavam os pleitos. De outro, os votantes e seus votos, cujos significados eram muito distintos dos atuais, eram ativamente disputados por aqueles mesmos agentes, ao mesmo tempo que podiam ser participantes ativos dessas disputas, desde que canalizassem seus anseios e buscassem negociar sua participação no interior das redes que constituíam as forças eleitorais em cada localidade.
O Momento da Conduta nos Crimes Tipificados nos Incisos I A IV da Lei 8.137/90 e o Reconhecimento (Ou Não) da Reincidência Penal
Authors: Prates Barroso Anamaria
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho traz para o debate a necessidade da definição do momento da conduta nos crimes tipificados nos incisos I a IV do artigo 1º da Lei 8.137/90. Apesar de o STF já ter definido que, para efeitos de prescrição desses crimes, deve-se ter como marco inicial a constituição definitiva do crédito, não ficou claro que momento que deve ser considerado como o da conduta nesses tipos de delitos. A necessidade de adoção, na jurisprudência, da teoria do tempo do crime, consagrada no Código Penal Brasileiro, é essencial para resguardar direitos do acusado, não apenas no que se refere à reincidência, mas, também, quanto a conflitos de lei no tempo e aplicação de agravantes e atenuantes.
Imunidade Tributária dos Templos Religiosos e a Laicidade do Estado
Authors: Berçot El-Jaick1 Mônica
Published: June 2020

O objetivo do trabalho é ampliar o conhecimento sobre Imunidade Tributária sobre os Templos de qualquer culto, elucidando a abrangência das atividades englobadas na imunidade. Para tanto, é necessário analisar o conceito de tributo, bem como o de templos religiosos, delimitando sua área de atuação e correlacionando com os princípios estabelecidos na Constituição Federal e os recentes julgados do STF.
Análisis espacio temporal y climático del humedal altoandino de Chalhuanca (Perú) durante el periodo 1986-2016
Authors: Pauca-Tanco A. , Ramos-Mamani C. , Luque-Fernández C. R. , Talavera-Delgado C. , Villasante-Benavides J. F. , Quispe-Turpo J. P. , Villegas-Paredes L.
Published: June 2020

The high Andean wetlands are considered fragile ecosystems that provide ecosystem services for the maintenance of Andean biodiversity and economy. However, currently the global threat of climate change puts them at serious risk, which is why the objective of this study is to determine the spatial-temporal and climatic variation of the high Andean wetlands of Chalhuanca (Peru), during the period 1986-2016. Landsat scenes were obtained during dry season in the years 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016, and using remote sensing techniques the area and vegetation index (NDVI) of the wetlands were calculated. For precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, an analysis of moving averages, linear trends and the Mann-Kendall non-parametric statistical test was carried out, and finally the interaction between the variables was evaluated by using correlation and regression. The results show that the wetland area has increased by 12 ha/year. As for the NDVI, an increase of the average values for the evaluated period has been detected, being 0.26 the average of minimum values. Analysis of climate data shows that precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature have increased by 32 mm/dec, 0.3 °C/dec and 0.6 °C/dec respectively, with the maximum and minimum temperature being significant (α<0.05). Finally, correlation and regression analyses show that the wetland area-precipitation, NDVI-precipitation and wetland-NDVI relationships are significant for α<0.01, while the wetland-temperature and NDVI-temperature relationships were significant for α<0.05.
Novas evidências em favor de um morfema avaliativo – [EVAL]: formas nominais truncadas e blends em português brasileiro
Authors: Scher Ana Paula , Marangoni Junior César Elídio
Published: June 2020

A partir da análise para formas nominais truncadas e para blends em português brasileiro sugeridas em Scher (2011, 2013, 2016, 2018) e Marangoni Junior (2020), respectivamente, que se valem da presença de um morfema avaliativo [EVAL] na estrutura sintática, discute-se a relevância desse morfema como um traço pertinente ao repositório de traços morfossintáticos universais, considerando-se, principalmente, as observações sobre o estatuto de morfemas avaliativos em duas propostas distintas, nomeadamente, Villalva (2000) e Prieto (2005). As análises descritas no texto, baseadas em uma abordagem sintática dos processos de formação de palavras, evidenciam a configuração do morfema avaliativo em posição de adjunção. Além disso, a presença desse morfema codifica instruções específicas para as interfaces de PF e LF.
Indigenous Spirits and Global Aspirations in a Southeast Asian Borderland
Authors: Rose Michael
Published: June 2020

Over the past 40 years, life in Timor-Leste has changed radically. Before 1975 most of the population lived in highland villages, spoke local languages, and rarely used money. Today many have moved to peri-urban lowland settlements, and even those whose lives remain dominated by customary ways understand that those of their children will not. For the Atoni Pah Meto of Timor-Leste’s remote Oecussi Enclave, the world was neatly divided into two distinct categories: the meto (indigenous), and the kase (foreign). Now matters are less clear; the good things of the globalised world are pursued not through rejecting the meto ways of the village, or collapsing them into the kase, but through continual crossing between them. In this way, the people of Oecussi are able to identify in the struggles of lowland life, the comforting and often decisive presence of familiar highland spirits.
Adjustment Policies, Union Structures, and Strategies of Mobilization: Teacher Politics in Mexico and Argentina
Authors: Chambers-Ju Christopher
Published: June 2020

This article analyzes the evolving mobilizational strategies of robust unions in contemporary Latin America. The origins of these strategies are rooted in the neoliberal adjustment policies in the early 1990s that compensated and reshaped power relations in labor organizations. With
union compensation, a dominant faction concentrated power and embraced instrumentalism; the union exchanged electoral support with various parties for particularistic benefits. When adjustment policies were adopted without compensation, power was dispersed in an archipelago of activists. Unions
then relied on movementism, which centered on contentious demand making and resistance to partisan alliances. Comparing teachers in Mexico and Argentina, this article contributes to broader debates about the effects of democracy on contentious politics and the changing partisan identities
of workers.
High efficiency of livestock ammonia emission controls in alleviating particulate nitrate during a severe winter haze episode in northern China
Authors: Xu Zhenying , Liu Mingxu , Zhang Minsi , Song Yu , Wang Shuxiao , Zhang Lin , Xu Tingting , Wang Tiantian , Yan Caiqing , Zhou Tian , Sun Yele , Pan Yuepeng , Hu Min , Zheng Mei , Zhu Tong
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Although nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission controls have been
implemented for several years, northern China is still facing high
particulate nitrate (NO3-) pollution during severe haze events
in winter. In this study, the thermodynamic equilibrium model (ISORROPIA-II)
and the Weather Research and Forecast model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem)
were used to study the efficiency of NH3 emission controls on
alleviating particulate NO3- during a severe winter haze
episode. We found that particulate-NO3- formation is almost NH3-limited in
extremely high pollution but HNO3-limited on the other days. The improvements in manure management of livestock husbandry
could reduce 40 % of total NH3 emissions (currently
100 kt month−1) in northern China in winter. Consequently, particulate
NO3- was reduced by approximately 40 % (on average from 40.8
to 25.7 µg m−3). Our results indicate that reducing livestock
NH3 emissions would be highly effective in reducing particulate
NO3- during severe winter haze events.
The increasing atmospheric burden of the greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
Authors: Simmonds Peter G. , Rigby Matthew , Manning Alistair J. , Park Sunyoung , Stanley Kieran M. , McCulloch Archie , Henne Stephan , Graziosi Francesco , Maione Michela , Arduini Jgor , Reimann Stefan , Vollmer Martin K. , Mühle Jens , O'Doherty Simon , Young Dickon , Krummel Paul B. , Fraser Paul J. , Weiss Ray F. , Salameh Peter K. , Harth Christina M. , Park Mi-Kyung , Park Hyeri , Arnold Tim , Rennick Chris , Steele L. Paul , Mitrevski Blagoj , Wang Ray H. J. , Prinn Ronald G.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We report a 40-year history of SF6 atmospheric mole fractions
measured at the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE)
monitoring sites, combined with archived air samples, to determine emission
estimates from 1978 to 2018. Previously we reported a global emission rate of
7.3±0.6 Gg yr−1 in 2008 and over the past decade
emissions have continued to increase by about 24 % to 9.04±0.35 Gg yr−1 in 2018. We show that changing patterns in SF6 consumption from developed (Kyoto Protocol Annex-1) to developing countries
(non-Annex-1) and the rapid global expansion of the electric power industry, mainly in Asia, have increased the demand for SF6-insulated switchgear, circuit breakers, and transformers. The large bank of SF6 sequestered in this electrical equipment provides a substantial source of emissions from maintenance, replacement, and continuous leakage. Other emissive sources of SF6 occur from the magnesium, aluminium, and electronics industries as well as more minor industrial applications. More recently, reported emissions, including those from electrical equipment and metal industries, primarily in the Annex-1 countries, have declined steadily through substitution of alternative blanketing gases and technological improvements in less emissive equipment and more efficient industrial practices. Nevertheless, there are still demands for SF6 in Annex-1 countries due to economic growth, as well as continuing emissions from older equipment and additional emissions from newly installed SF6-insulated electrical equipment, although at low emission rates. In addition, in the non-Annex-1 countries, SF6 emissions have increased due to an expansion in the growth of the electrical power, metal, and electronics industries to support their continuing development. There is an annual difference of 2.5–5 Gg yr−1 (1990–2018) between
our modelled top-down emissions and the UNFCCC-reported bottom-up emissions (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), which we attempt to reconcile through analysis of the potential contribution of emissions from the various industrial applications which use SF6. We also investigate regional emissions in East Asia (China, S. Korea) and western Europe and their respective contributions to the global atmospheric SF6 inventory. On an average annual basis, our estimated emissions from the whole of China are approximately 10 times greater than emissions from western Europe. In 2018, our modelled Chinese and western European emissions accounted for ∼36 % and 3.1 %, respectively, of our global SF6 emissions estimate.
Mediterranean nascent sea spray organic aerosol and relationships with seawater biogeochemistry
Authors: Freney Evelyn , Sellegri Karine , Nicosia Alessia , Trueblood Jonathan T. , Rinaldi Matteo , Williams Leah R. , Prévôt André S. H. , Thyssen Melilotus , Grégori Gérald , Haëntjens Nils , Dinasquet Julie , Obernosterer Ingrid , Van-Wambeke France , Engel Anja , Zäncker Birthe , Desboeufs Karine , Asmi Eija , Timmonen Hilka , Guieu Cécile
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The organic mass fraction from sea spray aerosol (SSA) is currently a subject of intense research. The majority of this research is dedicated to measurements in ambient air, although recently a small number of studies have additionally focused on nascent sea spray aerosol. This work presents measurements collected during a five-week cruise in May and June 2017 in the central and western Mediterranean Sea, an oligotrophic marine region with low phytoplankton biomass. Surface seawater was continuously pumped into a bubble bursting apparatus to generate nascent sea spray aerosol. Size distributions were measured with a differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS). Chemical characterization of the submicron aerosol was performed with a time of flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ToF-ACSM) operating with a 15-minute time resolution, and with filter-based chemical analysis on a daily basis. Using a positive matrix factorization analysis, the ToF-ACSM non-refractory organic matter (OMNR) was separated into four different organic aerosols types which were identified as primary OA (POANR), oxidized OA (OOANR), a methanesulfonic acid type OA (MSA-OANR) and a mixed OA (MOANR). In parallel, surface seawater biogeochemical properties were monitored providing information on phytoplankton cell abundance and seawater particulate organic carbon (one-hour time resolution), and seawater surface microlayer (SML) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (on a daily basis). Statistically robust correlations (for n > 500) were found between MOANR and nano phytoplankton cell abundance, as well as between POANR, OOANR, and particulate organic carbon (POC). Filter-based analysis of the submicron SSA showed that the non-refractory organic mass represented only 13 ± 3 % of the total organic mass, which represents 22 ± 6 % of the total sea spray mass. Parameterizations of the contributions of different types of organics to the submicron nascent sea spray aerosol are proposed as a function of the seawater biogeochemical properties for use in models.
Uncertainty in Aerosol Radiative Forcing Impacts the Simulated Global Monsoon in the 20th Century
Authors: Shonk Jonathan K. P. , Turner Andrew G. , Chevuturi Amulya , Wilcox Laura J. , Dittus Andrea J. , Hawkins Ed
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Anthropogenic aerosols are dominant drivers of historical monsoon rainfall change. However, large uncertainties in the radiative forcing associated with anthropogenic aerosol emissions, and the dynamical response to this forcing, lead to uncertainty in the simulated monsoon response. We use historical simulations in which aerosol emissions are scaled by factors from 0.2 to 1.5 to explore the monsoon sensitivity to aerosol forcing uncertainty (−0.38 W m−2 to −1.50 W m−2). Hemispheric asymmetry in emissions generates a strong relationship between scaling factor and both hemispheric temperature contrast and meridional location of tropical rainfall. Increasing the scaling from 0.2 to 1.5 reduces the global monsoon area by 3 % and the global monsoon intensity by 2 % over the period 1950–2014, and switches the dominant influence on the 1950–1980 monsoon rainfall trend between greenhouse gas and aerosol. Regionally, aerosol scaling has a pronounced effect on Northern Hemisphere monsoon rainfall.
A Two-Component Parameterization of Marine Ice Nucleating Particles Based on Seawater Biology and Sea Spray Aerosol Measurements in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Trueblood Jonathan V. , Nicosia Alesia , Engel Anja , Zäncker Birthe , Rinaldi Matteo , Freney Evelyn , Thyssen Melilotus , Obernosterer Ingrid , Dinasquet Julie , Belosi Franco , Tovar-Sánchez Antonio , Rodriguez-Romero Araceli , Santachiara Gianni , Guieu Cécile , Sellegri Karine
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Ice nucleating particles (INP) have a large impact on the climate-relevant properties of clouds over the oceans. Studies have shown that sea spray aerosols (SSA), produced upon bursting of bubbles at the ocean surface, can be an important source of marine INP, particularly during periods of enhanced biological productivity. Recent mesocosm experiments using natural seawater spiked with nutrients have revealed that marine INP are derived from two separate classes of organic matter in SSA. Despite this finding, existing parameterizations for marine INP abundance are based solely on single variables such as total organic carbon (TOC) or SSA surface area, which may mask specific trends in the separate classes of INPs. The goal of this paper is to improve the understanding of the connection between ocean biology and marine INP abundance by reporting results from a field study and proposing a new parameterization of marine INP that accounts for the two associated classes of organic matter. The PEACETIME cruise took place from May 10 to June 10, 2017 in the Mediterranean Sea. Throughout the cruise, INP concentrations in the surface microlayer (SML) and in SSA produced using a plunging aquarium apparatus were continuously monitored while surface seawater (SSW) and SML biological properties were measured in parallel. The organic content of artificially generated SSA was also evaluated. A dust wet deposition event that occurred during the cruise increased the INP concentrations measured in the SML by an order of magnitude, in line with increases of iron in the SML and bacterial abundances. Increases of INPs in marine SSA (INPSSA) were not observed before a delay of three days compared to increases in the SML, and are likely a result of a strong influence of bulk SSW INP for the temperatures investigated (T = −18 °C for SSA, T = −16 °C for SSW). Results confirmed that INPSSA are divided into two classes depending on their associated organic matter. Here we find that warm (T ≥ −22 °C) INPSSA concentrations are correlated with water soluble organic matter in the SSA, but also to SSW parameters (POCSSW INPSSW,−16 °C) while cold INPSSA (T
Diurnal variability of total column NO2 measured using direct solar and lunar spectra over Table Mountain, California (34.38° N)
Authors: Li King-Fai , Khoury Ryan , Pongetti Thomas J. , Sander Stanley P. , Yung Yuk L.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A full diurnal measurement of total column NO2 has been made over the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s Table Mountain Facility (TMF) located in the mountains above Los Angeles, California, USA (2.286 km above mean sea level, 34.38° N, 117.68° W). During a representative week in October 2018, a grating spectrometer measured the telluric NO2 absorptions in direct solar and lunar spectra. The total column NO2 is retrieved using a model-based minimum-amount Langley extrapolation, which enables us to accurately treat the non-constant NO2 diurnal cycle abundance and the effects of pollution near the measurement site. The measured 24-hour cycle of total column NO2 on clean days agrees with a 1-D photochemical model calculation, including the monotonic changes during daytime and nighttime due to the exchange with the N2O5 reservoir and the abrupt changes at sunrise and sunset due to the activation or deactivation of the NO2 photodissociation. The observed daytime NO2 increasing rate is (1.29 ± 0.30)×1014 cm−2 h−1. The total column NO2 in one of the afternoons during the measurement period was much higher than the model simulation, implying the influence of urban pollution from nearby cities. A 24-hour back-trajectory analysis shows that the wind first came from inland in the northeast and reached the southern Los Angeles before it turned northeast and finally arrived TMF, allowing it to pick up pollutants from Riverside County, Orange County, and Downtown Los Angeles.
Odd hydrogen response thresholds for indication of solar proton and electron impact in the mesosphere and stratosphere
Authors: Häkkilä Tuomas , Verronen Pekka T. , Millán Luis , Szela̧g Monika E. , Kalakoski Niilo , Kero Antti
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Understanding the atmospheric forcing from energetic particle precipitation (EPP) is important for climate simulations on decadal time scales. However, presently there are large uncertainties in energy-flux measurements of electron precipitation. One approach to narrow these uncertainties is by analyses of EPP direct atmospheric impacts and their relation to measured EPP fluxes. Here we use odd hydrogen observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder and Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model simulations, together with EPP fluxes from the GOES and POES satellites, to determine the response thresholds to solar proton events (SPEs) and radiation belt electron (RBE) precipitation. We consider a range of altitudes in the middle atmosphere, and all magnetic latitudes from pole to pole. We find that the lower flux limits for day-to-day EPP impact detection using OH and HO2 are of the order of 102 protons/cm2/s/sr (E > 10 MeV) and 104 electrons/cm2/s/sr (E = 100–300 keV). Based on the simulations, nighttime OH and HO2 are good EPP indicators in the polar regions, and provide best coverage in altitude and latitude. Due to larger background concentrations, daytime detection requires larger EPP fluxes and is possible in the mesosphere only. SPE detection is easier than RBE detection because a wider range of polar latitudes is affected. We also find that MLS OH observations indicate a clear nighttime response to SPE and RBE in the mesosphere, similar to the simulations, while HO2 data are overall too noisy for confident EPP detection.
Simplified SAGE II ozone data usage rules
Authors: Kremser Stefanie , Thomason Larry W. , Bird Leroy J.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. High-quality satellite-based measurements are crucial to the assessment of global stratospheric composition change. The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) provides the longest, continuous data set of vertically resolved ozone and aerosol extinction coefficients to date and therefore remains a cornerstone of understanding and detecting long-term ozone variability and trends in the stratosphere. Despite its stability, SAGE II measurements must be screened for outliers that are a result of excessive aerosol emitted into the atmosphere and that degrade inferences of change. Current methods for SAGE II ozone measurement quality assurance consist of multiple ad hoc and sometimes conflicting rules, leading to too much valuable data being removed or outliers being missed. In this work, the SAGE II ozone data set version 7.00 is used to develop and present a new set of screening recommendations and to compare the output to the screening recommendations currently used. Applying current recommendations to SAGE II ozone leads to unexpected features, such as removing ozone values around zero if the relative error is used as a screening criterion, leading to biases in monthly mean zonal mean ozone concentrations. Most of these current recommendations were developed based on “visual inspection”, leading to inconsistent rules that might not be applicable at every altitude and latitude. Here, a set of new screening recommendations is presented that take into account the knowledge of how the measurements were made. The number of screening recommendations is reduced to three, which mainly remove ozone values that are affected by high aerosol loading and are therefore not reliable measurements. More data remain when applying these new recommendations compared to the rules that are currently being used, leading to more data being available for scientific studies. The SAGE II ozone data set used here is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3710518 (Kremser et al., 2020). The complete SAGE II version 7.00 data set, which includes other variables in addition to ozone, is available at https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/project/sage2/sage2_v7_table (last access: December 2019), https://doi.org/10.5067/ERBS/SAGEII/SOLAR_BINARY_L2-V7.0 (SAGE II Science Team, 2012; Damadeo et al., 2013).
Multi-Scale Sea Ice Kinematics Modeling with a Grid Hierarchy in
Community Earth System Model (version 1.2.1)
Authors: Xu Shiming , Ma Jialiang , Zhou Lu , Zhang Yan , Liu Jiping , Wang Bin
Published: June 2020

Abstract. High-resolution sea ice modeling is becoming widely available for both operational forecasts and climate studies. Sea ice kinematics is the most prominent feature of high-resolution simulations, and with rheology models such as Viscous-Plastic, current models are able to reproduce multi-fractality and linear kinematic features in satellite observations. In this study, we carry out multi-scale sea ice modeling with Community Earth System Model (CESM) by using a grid hierarchy (22 km, 7.3 km, and 2.5 km grid stepping in the Arctic). By using atmospherically forced experiments, we simulate consistent sea ice climatology across the 3 resolutions. Furthermore, the model reproduces reasonable sea ice kinematics, including multi-fractal deformation and scaling properties that are temporally changing and dependent on circulation patterns and forcings (e.g., Arctic Oscillation). With the grid hierarchy, we are able to evaluate the model's effective spatial resolution regarding the statistics of kinematics, which is estimated to be about 6 to 7 times that of the grid's native resolution. Besides, we show that in our model, the convergence of the Elastic-Viscous-Plastic (EVP) rheology scheme plays an important role in reproducing reasonable kinematics statistics, and more strikingly, simulates systematically thinner sea ice than the standard, non-convergent experiments in landfast ice regions of Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Given the wide adoption of EVP and subcycling settings in current models, it highlights the importance of EVP convergence especially for climate studies and projections. The new grids and the model integration in CESM are openly provided for public use.
Assessment of extreme flows and uncertainty under climate change: disentangling the uncertainty contribution of representative concentration pathways, global climate models and internal climate variability
Authors: Gao Chao , Booij Martijn J. , Xu Yue-Ping
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Projections of streamflow, particularly of extreme flows under climate change, are essential for future water resources management and the development of adaptation strategies to floods and droughts. However, these projections are subject to uncertainties originating from different sources. In this study, we explored the possible changes in future streamflow, particularly for high and low flows, under climate change in the Qu River basin, eastern China. ANOVA (analysis of variance) was employed to quantify the contribution of different uncertainty sources from RCPs (representative concentration pathways), GCMs (global climate models) and internal climate
variability, using an ensemble of 4 RCP scenarios, 9 GCMs and 1000 simulated realizations of each model–scenario combination by SDRM-MCREM (a stochastic daily rainfall model coupling a Markov chain model with a rainfall event model). The results show that annual mean flow and high flows are projected to increase and that low flows will probably decrease in 2041–2070 (2050s) and 2071–2100 (2080s) relative to the historical period of 1971–2000, suggesting a higher risk of floods and droughts in the future in the Qu River basin, especially for the late 21st century. Uncertainty in mean flows is mostly attributed to GCM uncertainty. For high flows and low flows, internal climate variability and GCM uncertainty are two major uncertainty sources for the 2050s and 2080s, while for the 2080s, the effect of RCP uncertainty becomes more pronounced, particularly for low flows. The findings in this study can help water managers to become more knowledgeable about and get a better understanding of streamflow projections and support decision making regarding adaptations to a changing climate under uncertainty in the Qu River basin.
Open check dams and large wood: head losses and release conditions
Authors: Piton Guillaume , Horiguchi Toshiyuki , Marchal Lise , Lambert Stéphane
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Open check dams are strategic structures to control sediment and large wood transport during extreme flood events in steep streams and piedmont rivers. Large wood (LW) tends to accumulate against such structures, to obstruct their openings and to increase energy dissipation and thus, flow levels. To which extent open check dams' stage-discharge relationships are consequently modified by LW presence was not clear so far. This question is key (i) to estimate how much bedload transport might be trapped in the related backwater areas and (ii) to estimate how high is the overflowing depth atop the structure. These flows, when sufficiently high, might trigger a sudden release of the previously trapped LW with eventual dramatic consequences downstream. This paper provides experimental quantification of LW-related energy dissipation and simple ways to compute the related increase in water depth at dams of various shapes: trapezoidal, slit, slot and SABO (i.e., made of piles), including flow capacity through their open body and atop the spillway. It was additionally observed that LW is often released over the structure when the overflowing depth, i.e., depth above the spillway, is about 3–5 the mean log diameter. Two regimes of LW accumulations were observed: dams with low permeability generate low velocity upstream and LW then accumulates as floating carpets, i.e., as a floating single layer. Conversely, dams with high permeability maintain high velocities close to the dams and LW tends to jam them in dense complex 3D patterns because drag forces are stronger than buoyancy and logs are sucked below the flow surface. In such cases, LW releases occur for higher overflowing depth and LW-related head losses are higher. A new dimensionless number, namely the ratio buoyancy to drag force, enables to compute whether or not flows stay in the floating carpet domain where buoyancy prevails.
Accuracy assessment of global internal tide models using satellite altimetry
Authors: Carrere Loren , Arbic Brian K. , Dushaw Brian , Egbert Gary D. , Erofeeva Svetlana Y. , Lyard Florent , Ray Richard D. , Ubelmann Clément , Zaron Edward , Zhao Zhongxiang , Shriver Jay F. , Buijsman Maarten C. , Picot Nicolas
Published: June 2020

Abstract. In order to access the targeted ocean signal, altimeter measurements are corrected for several geophysical parameters among which the ocean tide correction is one of the most critical, but the internal tide signature at the surface are not yet corrected globally. Internal tides can have a signature of several cm at the surface with wavelengths about 50–250 km for the first mode and even smaller scales for higher order modes. The goals of the upcoming Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission and other high-resolution ocean measurements make the correction of these small scale signals a challenge, as the separation of all tidal variability from other oceanic signals becomes mandatory. In this context, several scientific teams are working on the development of new internal tide models, taking advantage of the very long altimeter time series now available, which represent an unprecedented and valuable global ocean database. The internal tide models presented here focus on the coherent internal tide signal and they are of three types: empirical models based upon analysis of existing altimeter missions, an assimilative model, and a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. A detailed comparison and validation of these internal tide models is proposed using existing satellite altimeter databases. The analysis focuses on the four main tidal constituents M2, K1, O1 and S2. The validation process is based on a statistical analysis of multi-mission altimetry including Jason-2 and Cryosphere Satellite-2 data, taking advantage of the long-term altimeter databases available. The results show a significant altimeter variance reduction when using internal tide corrections on all ocean regions where internal tides are generating/propagating. A complementary spectral analysis also gives some estimation of the performance of each model as a function of wavelength, and some insight into the residual non-stationary part of internal tides in the different regions of interest.
The GRISLI-LSCE contribution to ISMIP6, Part 2: projections of the Antarctic ice sheet evolution by the end of the 21st century
Authors: Quiquet Aurélien , Dumas Christophe
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Of primary societal importance, the ice sheet contribution to global sea level rise over the 21st century remains largely uncertain. In particular, the contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet by 2100 ranges from a few millimetres to more than one metre in the recent literature. The Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 aimed at reducing the uncertainties on the fate of the ice sheets in the future by gathering various ice sheet models in a common framework. While in a companion paper we present the GRISLI-LSCE contribution to ISMIP6-Greenland, we present here the GRISLI-LSCE contribution to ISMIP6-Antarctica. We show that our model is strongly sensitive to the climate forcing used, with a contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet to global sea level rise by 2100 that ranges from −50 mm to +150 mm of sea level equivalent. Future oceanic warming leads to a decrease in thickness of the ice shelves and implies grounding line retreats while increased precipitation partially mitigates the ice sheet contribution to global sea level rise. Most of ice sheet changes over the next century are dampened under low greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Uncertainties related to sub-shelf basal melt induce large differences in simulated grounding line retreats, confirming the importance of this process and its representation in ice sheet models for the projections of the Antarctic ice sheet.
Léonce Rosenberg y la idea de un cubismo colectivo en la Galería L’Effort Moderne durante la Gran Guerra
Authors: Atencia Belén
Published: June 2020

Tras el estallido de la Primera Guerra Mundial y el obligado exilio de Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, Léonce Rosenberg, joven marchante de arte decide hacerse cargo de algunos de los artistas anteriormente contratados por éste, a los que suma nuevas incorporaciones provenientes de otros estilos artísticos. Sin embargo, las expectativas de estos artistas, quienes vieron en el ofrecimiento de Rosenberg una manera de sobrevivir financieramente durante el conflicto bélico, distaría mucho de las verdaderas aspiraciones del marchante. Con una visión comercial que, en ocasiones, no coincide con la de los artistas, y un fuerte temperamento, las relaciones no siempre serían fáciles y llegarían a enturbiar interesantes proyectos que jamás llegarían a ver la luz. Las convicciones de Rosenberg acerca de las posibilidades de un cubismo colectivo, sus exigencias en la producción de determinadas piezas y su participación en las ventas Kahnweiler en los años veinte llevarían a la diáspora del grupo cubista que tanto esfuerzo le costó reunir durante la guerra.
Prácticas artísticas contemporáneas y circulación de afectos. Relaciones entre imagen, experiencia, agencia y afectividad
Authors: Martín-Hernández Rut
Published: June 2020

Esta investigación analiza la relación de los afectos con la capacidad de agencia de las imágenes artísticas y los flujos, impregnaciones y movimientos de los afectos entre dichas imágenes, su contexto de inserción y los espectadores/participantes. El objetivo general es estudiar cómo estos flujos afectivos determinan la capacidad de agencia de los agentes/actantes implicados en los procesos artísticos analizados. Se considera fundamental, por lo tanto, comenzar por analizar la relación entre la capacidad de afección de una imagen y su capacidad de agencia, así como estudiar si esta relación puede ser entendida en términos de agencia primaria. Se analiza el papel que los afectos tienen en la capacidad performativa de las prácticas artísticas y el movimiento (entendido como acción) que puede desprenderse de la afección que éstas producen. Para ello se entiende que la perspectiva aportada al estudio de los afectos por parte de Suely Rolnik y Sara Ahmed permite generar un discurso relacional a partir del cual proponer una aproximación al poder de hacer de las imágenes artísticas desde su capacidad de afectación, planteando que dicha capacidad es clave para comprender los mecanismos de acción de este tipo de imágenes.