bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Donor Epstein-Barr Virus Serostatus on the Incidence of Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Patients With Acute Leukemia After Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation: A Study From the Acute Leukemia and Infectious Diseases Working Parties of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Styczynski Jan , Tridello Gloria , Gil Lidia , Ljungman Per , Hoek Jennifer , Iacobelli Simona , Ward Katherine N. , Cordonnier Catherine , Einsele Hermann , Socie Gerard , Milpied Noel , Veelken Hendrik , Chevallier Patrice , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Maertens Johan , Blaise Didier , Cornelissen Jan , Michallet Mauricette , Daguindau Etienne , Petersen Eefke , Passweg Jakob , Greinix Hildegard , Duarte Rafael F. , Kröger Nicolaus , Dreger Peter , Mohty Mohamad , Nagler Arnon , Cesaro Simone
Published: April 2016

Purpose

We investigated the effect of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serostatus on the overall outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

Patients and Methods

The study included 11,364 patients who underwent allogeneic peripheral-blood or bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia between 1997 and 2012. We analyzed the impact of donor and recipient EBV serologic status on overall survival, relapse-free survival, relapse incidence, nonrelapse mortality, and incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allo-HSCT.

Results

Patients receiving grafts from EBV-seropositive donors had the same overall survival as patients who received grafts from EBV-seronegative donors (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.12; P = .23). Seropositive donors also had no influence on relapse-free survival (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.11; P = 0.31), relapse incidence (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.12; P = .58), and nonrelapse mortality (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.17; P = .37). However, in univariate analysis, recipients receiving grafts from seropositive donors had a higher risk of chronic GVHD than those with seronegative donors (40.8% v 31.0%, respectively; P < .001; HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.56). When adjusting for confounders, higher risk was identified for both acute and chronic GVHD. In seronegative patients with seropositive donors, the HR for chronic GVHD was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.59; P = .039). In seropositive patients with seropositive donors, the HR was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.45; P = .016) for acute GVHD and 1.43 (95% CI, 1.23 to 1.67; P < .001) for chronic GVHD. Seropositive patients with seronegative donors did not have an increased risk of GVHD.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that donor EBV status significantly influences development of acute and chronic GVHD after allo-HSCT.
Breast Cancer Therapy–Related Cardiac Dysfunction in Adult Women Treated in Routine Clinical Practice: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh , Abdel-Qadir Husam , Fischer Hadas D. , Camacho Ximena , Amir Eitan , Austin Peter C. , Lee Douglas S.
Published: April 2016

Purpose

Most women diagnosed with breast cancer are younger than 65 years of age. Population-based studies on cancer therapy–related cardiotoxicity have focused on older women. We sought to determine the risk of cardiotoxicity with breast cancer therapy in women with an age distribution representative of routine clinical practice.

Methods

This was a population-based retrospective cohort study including 14 regional cancer centers in Ontario, Canada. Adult women receiving chemotherapy for stage I to III breast cancer between 2007 and 2012 were included. Cancer treatment was categorized as follows: anthracycline-based chemotherapy without trastuzumab, trastuzumab with nonanthracycline chemotherapy, anthracyclines followed by trastuzumab (sequential therapy), and chemotherapy without anthracycline/trastuzumab (other chemotherapy). The primary outcome was a composite of hospitalization or emergency room visit for congestive heart failure (CHF), outpatient diagnosis of CHF, or cardiovascular death. A sensitivity analysis limited the outcomes to hospital-based CHF events. Cause-specific hazard models were used accounting for the competing risk of noncardiovascular death.

Results

Of 18,540 women included (median age, 54 years; interquartile range, 47 to 63 years), 79% were younger than age 65 years. The cumulative incidence of the primary outcome was 3.08% (95% CI, 2.81% to 3.36%) by 3 years of follow-up, whereas in an age-matched sample of Ontario women (n = 92,700) without breast cancer, it was 0.96% (95% CI, 0.89% to 1.04%). Compared with those receiving other chemotherapy, patients receiving trastuzumab with nonanthracycline chemotherapy and sequential therapy were at a higher risk of cardiotoxicity (hazard ratio, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.19 to 2.60] and 3.96 [95% CI, 3.01 to 5.22], respectively). Hospital-based CHF events were only increased with sequential therapy (hazard ratio, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.07 to 3.22).

Conclusion

In women with breast cancer and an age distribution representative of routine clinical practice, trastuzumab-based regimens, including those without anthracyclines, were associated with an increased risk of cardiotoxicity. Sequential therapy increased the risk of hospital-based CHF events.
Developmental origin and lineage plasticity of endogenous cardiac stem cells
Authors: Santini Maria Paola , Forte Elvira , Harvey Richard P. , Kovacic Jason C.
Published: April 2016

Over the past two decades, several populations of cardiac stem cells have been described in the adult mammalian heart. For the most part, however, their lineage origins and in vivo functions remain largely unexplored. This Review summarizes what is known about different populations of embryonic and adult cardiac stem cells, including KIT+, PDGFRα+, ISL1+ and SCA1+ cells, side population cells, cardiospheres and epicardial cells. We discuss their developmental origins and defining characteristics, and consider their possible contribution to heart organogenesis and regeneration. We also summarize the origin and plasticity of cardiac fibroblasts and circulating endothelial progenitor cells, and consider what role these cells have in contributing to cardiac repair.
Dendritic diversification through transcription factor-mediated suppression of alternative morphologies
Authors: Corty Megan M. , Tam Justina , Grueber Wesley B.
Published: April 2016

Neurons display a striking degree of functional and morphological diversity, and the developmental mechanisms that underlie diversification are of significant interest for understanding neural circuit assembly and function. We find that the morphology of Drosophila sensory neurons is diversified through a series of suppressive transcriptional interactions involving the POU domain transcription factors Pdm1 (Nubbin) and Pdm2, the homeodomain transcription factor Cut, and the transcriptional regulators Scalloped and Vestigial. Pdm1 and Pdm2 are expressed in a subset of proprioceptive sensory neurons and function to inhibit dendrite growth and branching. A subset of touch receptors show a capacity to express Pdm1/2, but Cut represses this expression and promotes more complex dendritic arbors. Levels of Cut expression are diversified in distinct sensory neurons by selective expression of Scalloped and Vestigial. Different levels of Cut impact dendritic complexity and, consistent with this, we show that Scalloped and Vestigial suppress terminal dendritic branching. This transcriptional hierarchy therefore acts to suppress alternative morphologies to diversify three distinct types of somatosensory neurons.
CncRNAs: RNAs with both coding and non-coding roles in development
Authors: Sampath Karuna , Ephrussi Anne
Published: April 2016

RNAs are known to regulate diverse biological processes, either as protein-encoding molecules or as non-coding RNAs. However, a third class that comprises RNAs endowed with both protein coding and non-coding functions has recently emerged. Such bi-functional ‘coding and non-coding RNAs’ (cncRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in distinct developmental processes in plants and animals. Here, we discuss key examples of cncRNAs and review their roles, regulation and mechanisms of action during development.
Control of lung ventilation following overwintering conditions in bullfrogs,Lithobates catesbeianus
Authors: Santin Joseph M. , Hartzler Lynn K.
Published: April 2016

Ranid frogs in northern latitudes survive winter at cold temperatures in aquatic habitats often completely covered by ice. Cold-submerged frogs survive aerobically for several months relying exclusively on cutaneous gas exchange while maintaining temperature-specific acid-base balance. Depending on the overwintering hibernaculum, frogs in northern latitudes could spend several months without access to air, need to breathe, or chemosensory drive to use neuromuscular processes that regulate and enable pulmonary ventilation. Therefore, we performed experiments to determine whether aspects of the respiratory control system of bullfrogs, Lithobates catesbeianus, are maintained or suppressed following minimal use of air breathing in overwintering environments. Based on the necessity for control of lung ventilation in early spring, we hypothesized that critical components of the respiratory control system of bullfrogs would be functional following simulated overwintering. We found that bullfrogs recently removed from simulated overwintering environments exhibited similar resting ventilation when assessed at 24°C compared to warm-acclimated control bullfrogs. Additionally, ventilation met resting metabolic and, presumably, acid-base regulation requirements, indicating preservation of basal respiratory function despite prolonged disuse in the cold. Recently emerged bullfrogs underwent similar increases in ventilation during acute oxygen lack (aerial hypoxia) compared to warm-acclimated frogs; however, CO2-related hyperventilation was significantly blunted following overwintering. Overcoming challenges to gas exchange during overwintering have garnered attention in ectothermic vertebrates, but this study uncovers robust and labile aspects of the respiratory control system at a time point correlating with early spring following minimal/no use of lung breathing in cold-aquatic overwintering habitats.
The Thermal Properties and Flame Retardancy of 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-Oxide (DOPO)–Mg/Polyisocyanurate–Polyurethane Foam Composites
Authors: Liu Yanlin , He Jiyu , Yang Rongjie
Published: April 2016

A series of flame-retarded polyisocyanurate–polyurethane (PIR–PUR) foams were prepared using a novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO)–Mg. The thermal stability and pyrolytic gases of the PIR–PUR foam with and without DOPO–Mg were detected by TG and TGA-FTIR. The results indicated that DOPO–Mg can significantly reduce the combustible gases released during decomposition of the PIR–PUR foams, such as carbonyl group containing, methyl and methylene containing flammable gas. The Py-GC-MS results proved that DOPO–Mg changed the thermal degradation process of the PIR–PUR foam and prevented a highly toxic flammable gas from being generated. The flame retardancy of the PIR–PUR foams was tested using the LOI and cone calorimeter test. The LOI and heat release rate values of the PIR–PUR sample without DOPO–Mg were 21.2% and 190.7 kW m−2, respectively. 25 phr DOPO–Mg incorporation into the PIR–PUR foam resulted in a LOI value of 23.2%. In addition, 5 phr DOPO–Mg incorporation into the PIR–PUR foam resulted in a peak heat release rate of 154.9 kW m−2. The foams with DOPO–Mg showed more compact residues. The SEM test showed that spherical material formed on the surface of the char to hinder flame and heat transmission, which can be used to explain the flame retardant effect.
Proofreading neutralizes potential error hotspots in genetic code translation by transfer RNAs
Authors: Zhang Jingji , Ieong Ka-Weng , Mellenius Harriet , Ehrenberg Måns
Published: April 2016

The ribosome uses initial and proofreading selection of aminoacyl-tRNAs for accurate protein synthesis. Anomalously high initial misreading in vitro of near-cognate codons by tRNAHis and tRNAGlu suggested potential error hotspots in protein synthesis, but in vivo data suggested their partial neutralization. To clarify the role of proofreading in this error reduction, we varied the Mg2+ ion concentration to calibrate the total accuracy of our cell-free system to that in the living Escherichia coli cell. We found the total accuracy of tRNA selection in our system to vary by five orders of magnitude depending on tRNA identity, type of mismatch, and mismatched codon position. Proofreading and initial selection were positively correlated at high, but uncorrelated at low initial selection, suggesting hyperactivated proofreading as a means to neutralize potentially disastrous initial selection errors.
Recent advances in psychological therapies for eating disorders
Authors: Waller Glenn
Published: April 2016

Recent years have seen substantial consolidation and development of the evidence base for psychological therapies for eating disorders. This review summarises the key changes over that time period. Specific forms of cognitive behavioural therapy and family-based treatment have consolidated and extended their positions as treatments of choice despite the development of novel approaches. However, there is still a significant need for further development and testing to improve recovery rates, particularly in anorexia nervosa.
Recent advances in understanding myelofibrosis and essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Vainchenker William , Constantinescu Stefan N. , Plo Isabelle
Published: April 2016

The classicBCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), a form of chronic malignant hemopathies, have been classified into polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). ET and PMF are two similar disorders in their pathogenesis, which is marked by a key role of the megakaryocyte (MK) lineage. Whereas ET is characterized by MK proliferation, PMF is also associated with aberrant MK differentiation (myelodysplasia), leading to the release of cytokines in the marrow environment, which causes the development of myelofibrosis. Thus, PMF is associated with both myeloproliferation and different levels of myelodysplastic features. MPNs are mostly driven by mutated genes called MPN drivers, which abnormally activate the cytokine receptor/JAK2 pathway and their downstream effectors. The recent discovery ofCALRmutations has closed a gap in our knowledge and has shown that this mutated endoplasmic reticulum chaperone activates the thrombopoietin receptor MPL and JAK2. These genetic studies have shown that there are two main types of MPNs: JAK2V617F-MPNs, including ET, PV, and PMF, and the MPL-/CALR-MPNs, which include only ET and PMF. These MPN driver mutations are associated with additional mutations in genes involved in epigenetics, splicing, and signaling, which can precede or follow the acquisition of MPN driver mutations. They are involved in clonal expansion or phenotypic changes or both, leading to myelofibrosis or leukemic transformation or both. Only a few patients with ET exhibit mutations in non-MPN drivers, whereas the great majority of patients with PMF harbor one or several mutations in these genes. However, the entire pathogenesis of ET and PMF may also depend on other factors, such as the patient’s constitutional genetics, the bone marrow microenvironment, the inflammatory response, and age. Recent advances allowed a better stratification of these diseases and new therapeutic approaches with the development of JAK2 inhibitors.
A Decision Support System for Highway Construction: The Autostrada Pedemontana Lombarda
Authors: Dell’Amico Mauro , Fuellerer Guenther , Höfinger Gerhard , Iori Manuel , Novellani Stefano
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we present a decision support system (DSS) to optimize activities involving earth excavation, filling, hauling, recycling, and dumping in construction logistics projects. The system was designed through collaboration between operations research experts and a team at Strabag AG, an Austrian construction company. The DSS aids managers in scheduling construction activities by determining the amounts of materials that must be moved, purchased, recycled, and dumped in a given period, and by selecting paths that minimize the costs of performing these activities. Applying our DSS to the highway construction project, Autostrada Pedemontana Lombarda, has significantly improved the speed of decision making at Strabag AG and reduced its logistics costs by 10 percent. Our system, which is based on the use of linear programming, has two phases. In Phase 1, an aggregate mathematical model determines the feasibility of the project. In Phase 2, we execute a detailed model to determine the paths over which to move material in each period. We use graphical tools to visualize the model solutions and facilitate the decision-making process. The DSS, currently in use in several Strabag AG construction projects, is a powerful, flexible, and easy-to-replicate tool for solving construction logistics problems.
LEVANTAMENTO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO PARQUE EDIFICADO EM ADOBE NA CIDADE DE AVEIRO
Authors: Silveira Dora , Varum Humberto , Costa Aníbal , Lima Emília
Published: April 2016

Até meados do século XX, o adobe foi um material de construção muito utilizado no distrito de Aveiro, em Portugal. Actualmente, nesta região, e em particular na cidade de Aveiro, permanecem ainda muitos exemplos de edifícios construídos em adobe, alguns de importante valor patrimonial e arquitectónico. No entanto, muitos destes edifícios têm sido votados ao abandono nas últimas décadas, especialmente pela escassez de conhecimento técnico para suporte à sua reabilitação e reforço. Reconhecendo-se esta necessidade de conhecimento, nos últimos anos começou a desenvolver-se trabalho de investigação nesse sentido. Neste artigo apresenta-se um trabalho de levantamento desenvolvido com o objectivo de caracterizar a distribuição e as características principais da edificação em adobe existente na cidade de Aveiro. Descreve-se, de forma sucinta, a metodologia adoptada, bem como os resultados obtidos. O conhecimento adquirido permitirá uma posterior selecção de edifícios representativos, para uma caracterização detalhada dos sistemas construtivos e das patologias mais comuns.
CONSTRUÇÃO E FINALIZAÇÃO DA CASA DE APOIO DO PROJETO CRESCER: PERDAS E GANHOS
Authors: Parisi Rosana Soares Bertocco , Fricke Glacir Teresinha , Cervini Esther Aparecida , Tramontina Eliana Marcon , Leite Alkemarra De Paula , Da Cunha Ana Gabriela Lopes Lance , Costa Maycon Douglas , Barroso Wellington Gomes
Published: April 2016

Durante o 5º ATP, o Projeto CRESCER apresentou uma proposta para a reconstrução e resgate da cidadania e da reinserção social através da atividade laboral da fabricação de adobes e BTCs que ocorre dentro de uma comunidade terapêutica para tratamento de dependentes químicos em São José do Rio Pardo, cidade brasileira do interior do estado de São Paulo. Esse projeto previa a construção de uma Casa de Apoio, que foi iniciada no final de setembro de 2008 e que está quase totalmente concluída. Assim, a comunicação ora apresentada resgata todo o processo de construção desta edificação que foi desenvolvido baseado no ciclo de produção sustentável. Além disso, apresenta-se a experiência da construção sob os aspectos relativos à participação da comunidade de residentes do PEVI (denominação da comunidade terapêutica), ou relativos às mudanças que se fizeram necessárias para a viabilização da construção.
A TAIPA NO MUNDO
Authors: Fernandes Maria
Published: April 2016

A taipa é uma técnica construtiva monolítica, que consiste em compactar terra, num estado seco/húmido, entre taipais e em camadas, com o auxílio de um maço ou pilão. A taipa é por isso um sistema de elevação de paredes portantes, construídas à fiada, com juntas desencontradas e em cofragem perdida. Das cinco técnicas de construção monolíticas em terra conhecidas (Guillaud, 1993, p. 48) a taipa é um sistema relativamente recente na história da construção e que se julga, ter evoluído tecnologicamente a partir do simples sistema de terra em cofragem (Font, 2006, p. 114). Na Península Ibérica conhece-se o uso de taipa militar em estruturas defensivas desde o séc. X, durante o designado período de domínio muçulmano, fortificações como as de Alcácer do Sal, Juromenha, Moura, Paderne ou Silves são exemplos desse tipo no sul de Portugal (Bruno, 2005, p.39). Na história da Península Ibérica, a taipa é no entanto já referenciada em textos árabes desde o século VIII, em construções defensivas de acampamentos militares e alcáçovas como a de Badajoz (Catarino, 2005, p.138). Referências ou documentos anteriores são também conhecidos, sem no entanto se saber exactamente se referiam paredes em terra dentro de cofragem ou paredes em terra compactada., caso dos textos de Plínio (23 a.C – 79 d.C) respeitante às muralhas de Cartago e Espanha que Aníbal teria construído (Houben, 1989, p. 21). Do Mediterrâneo ao Oriente e mais tarde do Pacífico ao Indico a taipa foi um sistema utilizado ao longo da história e que durou até meados do século XX, tendo sido posteriormente recuperada, melhorada e mecanizada para a construção contemporânea. Hoje a taipa é utilizada em locais onde historicamente não se conhecia o seu emprego, de que são exemplo a arquitectura de Rick Joy no Estados Unidos da América ou das construções de Martin Rauch na Suiça e na Áustria. De um sistema construtivo confinado ao sítio e historicamente delimitado, a taipa passou a técnica construtiva contemporânea, produzida inclusivamente em paredes pré-moldadas e transportáveis. A investigação relativa a este sistema construtivo em terra tem-se dividido entre estudos monográficos, referentes à conservação de sítios e património construído e estudos de divulgação e pesquisa alusivos à arquitectura e construção contemporâneas, respeitantes a normas ou regras construtivas e aspectos relacionados com o comportamento do material e tecnologia construtiva. O objectivo desta comunicação é fornecer uma visão global do património construído em taipa nos diferentes continentes, com relevância para as diferentes características, influências culturais e aspectos construtivos.
PATRIMONIO INDUSTRIAL EN TIERRA CRUDA: LA SALITRERA DE MARÍA ELENA, UN MODELO CONSTRUCTIVO MIXTO
Authors: Jorquera Silva Natalia
Published: April 2016

María Elena es una ciudad minera del norte de Chile construida en pleno desierto de Atacama a inicios del siglo XX; los edificios de su centro cívico constituyen una muestra patente de la fusión entre dos culturas constructivas: la industrial que tiene como principio la prefabricación y el uso del hierro, importada por los norteamericanos que fundaron la ciudad, y la arquitectura local basada en la utilización del adobe, que representa como material el mecanismo más eficaz de adaptación al hostil clima de la pampa. Este interesante sistema constructivo era desconocido hasta que en Noviembre del 2007, un fuerte terremoto afectara la zona y los daños presentes en los edificios dejaron entrever que bajo los gruesos muros de adobe, existían pilares de hierro o de madera. El presente documento tiene como objetivo el profundizar la investigación sobre las tipologías arquitectónicas y los sistemas constructivos que componen dicho patrimonio industrial (1), a la vez que mostrar los proyectos de restauración de los Monumentos Históricos afectados por el sismo, llevados a cabo por la consultora chilena Surtierra Arquitectura.
FICHAS DE INVENTÁRIO: SICG (SISTEMA INTEGRADO DE CONHECIMENTO E GESTÃO) DO IPHAN – ESTUDO DE CASO EM PATRIMÔNIO RURAL
Authors: Fernandes Martins Sandra Cristina , Rossignolo João Adriano
Published: April 2016

O patrimônio rural da cidade de Campinas tem em sua configuração técnicas construtivas em que se utiliza a terra. A partir da segunda metade do século XIX impulsionada pela expansão da economia cafeeira e pela riqueza acumulada pelo açúcar, a cidade tornou-se detentora de uma vasta área com fazendas rurais, inseridas na atual malha urbana. Podemos explanar que a conservação da arquitetura e das construções em terra, foi um dos temas discutidos no I Fórum Nacional do Patrimônio Cultural de 2009, realizado em Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. As construções em terra estão presentes na maioria das edificações rurais e para se conceituar o patrimônio cultural rural é preciso reconhecer e valorizar todos os elementos naturais e constituídos quanto às técnicas, às crenças, os costumes e o saber fazer do meio rural. Muitos modelos de gestão para preservação do patrimônio estão em uso, mas o modelo SICG do IPHAN apresenta novidades. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o modelo de gestão SICG (Sistema Integrado de Conhecimento e Gestão) do IPHAN (Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional) do Brasil com seus modelos de fichas de inventário de patrimônios históricos e através da análise de uma ficha de inventário contribuir para o questionamento de métodos de proteção e conservação. Saber reconhecer o valor patrimonial das técnicas construtivas da arquitetura rural da terra roxa (região de Campinas) na qual predominam as taipas e outras técnicas nos fará delimitar um justo lugar no valor de memória do patrimônio. A metodologia tem como base o estudo da arquitetura rural, além da análise das fichas de inventário do SICG (1). A documentação pesquisada inclui textos, fichas, mapas, assim como material gráfico e iconográfico. Tomamos como objeto de análise o estudo de caso da fazenda de café Mato Dentro em Campinas que possui casa-sede, capela e tulha tombadas pelo Condephaat e pelo Condepacc órgãos estaduais e municipais respectivamente de proteção do patrimônio cultural. Com grande relevância para a cidade devido seu contexto na história campineira. Tem várias técnicas construtivas tais como a taipa-de-pilão, o pau-a-pique, a alvenaria de tijolos, a alvenaria de pedra, o ladrilho hidráulico e a telha de colo ou capa-canal. Sendo assim, questionamentos se formaram devido à inovação do assunto e a idéia de utilização de uma tecnologia eficaz.
Nuevas distinciones conceptuales en gramática generativa y algunas observaciones sobre sintaxis y discurso
Authors: Demonte Barreto Violeta
Published: April 2016

The crucial changes that generative linguistics has suffered along the last years involve the increasing of underlying leading ideas about the object of linguistics as well as modifications in the form and organization of the grammar. This paper concerns both questions just mentioned. In the first part an informal and philosophical-like presentation of the set of new distinctions made by this linguistics is given. The distinction core vs periphery, derivational vs representational and sentence vs discourse grammar are discussed and briefly illustrated. The notions of parametric variation and modularity are also explained. In the second part the interplay between sentence and discourse grammar is specifically illustrated and analyzed. It is shown, first, that certain rules of discourse have to apply at the level of «logical form» and after other deletion rules apparently similar but belonging to sentence grammar. Secondly, a correlation between structural properties and the discourse phenomenon of topic-comment is shown.
Publicidad y connotación: el mensaje de inferencia
Authors: Feliu García Emilio
Published: April 2016

In this paper a special relevance is given to the inferential message among the several which shape any advertisement. With a marked psychological nature, it is clearly a conjectural and polyvalent message, and it involves an «interpretative» reading.It arises sometimes from an ¡conic message, sometimes from a linguistic one. Considering the various kinds of connotation, it is not easy to find only one sort usual in an advertisement. On the contrary, it often happens that just one element could contain an amalgam of different distant relationships.
Estructura composicional: macroestructuras
Authors: García Berrio Antonio , Albaladejo Mayordomo Tomás
Published: April 2016

In this article the authors deal with the study of text macrostructure with the theoretical framework of classical Rhetoric and Text Linguistics, which can be integrated in a general Rhetoric. The compositional aspects of text can be studied with the aid of the categories provided by the rhetorical theory concerning the operation-component of dispositio, in a productive connection with the categories of macrostructural theories. The paragraph structure is studied as to the division of text macrostructure. The relationship between text compositional structure and text pragmatic structure is dealt with, the rhetorical operation component of actio being reactivated.
Presupuestos teóricos para una grafémica textual
Authors: Jiménez Cano José María
Published: April 2016

The study of the graphic domain in its orthographical aspect as well as in its relationship with phonic phenomena is a Consolidated chapter in linguistics thanks to the normative linguistic tradition and the special development carried out in philological studies. This article abtempts to treat the graphic problem from a textual point of view, of a programatic and interdisciplinary nature. In this way, I conceive the textual domain as included within reflexive linguistic knowledge, which is explained in this article as textual metalinguistic consciousness that allows in the case of graphic problems to postulate the notion of text as idea (ideation) of book (literary work), historically variable image from the study of which one can obtain important suggestions in order to enrich the setting up of a text typology.
Sobre el tratamiento de la sintaxis en algunas propuestas generativas
Authors: Vera Luján Agustín
Published: April 2016

This article intends to analyze and revise some aspects of the generative methodology when the latter is to be applied to describe correctly the organization of the syntactic component of a language. When considering a specific problem such as that of passivity, the analysis of the organizational principles of the standard (and extended) theory reveals the heterogeneity of the syntactic phenomena which are supposedly to be analysed by the same principles and an incapability to distinguish explicitly between relations based on meaning and on designation. Hence it is here claimed that the analysis of the same phenomena is made possible only if the general structure of the model be modified to include as underlying level of representation the type of relations proposed by Fillmore in his case grammar, and so be the procedures of categorization used with the adoption of the procedure of «partial matching » which as such does not require a rule or specific category for each and all of the syntactic phenomena. Upon such a modification, the possibility or convenience of a radical opposition between the levels of «competence» and «performace» becomes impracticable, as well as the claim to operativeness of the rules of the syntactic component either outside specific contextual situations or in consideration of other categorial alternatives.
La teoría literaria del conceptismo en Baltasar Gracián
Authors: Hernández Fernández María Teresa
Published: April 2016

This article contains a revision of the fundamental components of the conceptist theory by means of the study of them as lexemes and poetic theoretical terms paying special attention to the meaning of «concepto», «ingenio» and «agudeza» in Gracian's Agudeza y arte de ingenio, in which a conceptist theory that constitutes the basis of a conscious practice in the Spanish eloquence and literature since the end of the XVI Century, culminates. The historical-literary phenomenon of the contemporary natural reception of the baroque conceptism together with the culteranism is illustrated by virtue of this analysis; since the former is a stylistic excess which developes the contentism of res assumed since the classical literary theory, while the resistance to culteranism is due to its connection to the dimension of verba, i. e. of formal devices that always are suspicious for the classical theory.
Una visión integrada del diasistema fonológico catalán
Authors: López García Ángel
Published: April 2016

This paper describes the phonological inventor of Catalan system under the conditions established by a set of abstract structures deductively obtained. It is supposed that a natural language uses as many phonological features as archiphonemes we need postulate for it, and by doing so, each phoneme can be caracterized by only two features. No matter its methodological complexity, such a procedure solves some classical problems of Catalan phonology, especially those of neutral vowel, sibilant clusters, and glides.
Tipología de la catáfora paratáctica: entre la sintaxis del discurso y la sintaxis de la oración
Authors: Moreno Cabrera Juan Carlos
Published: April 2016

This paper is an attempt to sketch a typology of a class of complex sentences, widely spread among different languages, in which the subordinate clauses cataphorically announced in the main clause. Sentences such as German Ich bleibe deshalb zu Hause, weil ich einen wichtigen Anruf erwarte, or Russian Ya zulas' ot togo, chto nie ponimala yego, can be cited as examples of such a construction. These sentences constitute, from our point of view, an intermediate stage between a discoursive construction that makes use of a typical device for discourse cohesion (i.e. phoric relationships) and a sentential construction. In the light of these considerations, it is proposed that there is a gradual transition between discourse and Syntax and not only from a diachronic point of view, but also from the perspective of a synchronic approach. The paper is based on facts from fifteen languages: Ancient Spanish, Ancient Greek, French, Latin, German, Finnish, Kimbundu, Hebrew, Catalan, Kipchak, Swedish, Russian, Polish, Hungarian and English.
Anacronismos lingüísticos con clara intencionalidad literaria en «Nuestro virgen de los mártires» de Terenci Moix
Authors: Romera Castillo José
Published: April 2016

The use of certain devices drawn from several languages in this historical novel brings out a number of linguistic anachronisms and provides the story with an ironic and even humorous undercurrent. As these devices are used deliberately by the author as part of his literary system, they take on an artistic relevance which is worth investigating.
Textos jurídicos y contexto social
Authors: Gimeno Menéndez Francisco
Published: April 2016

One of the main purposes of this note is to examine two recent publications by J. M. del Estal (1984a, 1985a). The starting point for medieval linguistic studies is the wide collections of notarial documents of the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon. Within the latter, in its Aragonese- speaking area, the most characteristic terms are «uso», «costumbre» and «fuero», together with their respective Latin forms, «usum», «consuetudo » and «forum», to which should be added the specific form, «observancia». Sociolinguistic variables are shaped within the social and stylistic continuum of the speech community. A frame which specifies this overlap may provide a method forfinding the social context in historical documents. A statistical handling of style may allow us to observe the social dimension of stylistic variation, insofar as some features show movement on a continuum from informal to formal as well as on a social continuum from lower to higher groups. To this effect, we analyse the contributions of S. Romaine (1982) and F. Gimeno (1985), among others.
Fantasía creadora y componente imaginario en la obra literaria
Authors: Rubio Martín María
Published: April 2016

This article intends to be a concrete contribution to the study of the imaginary component in literary works, within the field of the Poetics of the Imaginary. It also deals with its psycological-anthropological bases and its outstanding features in the text. You can find the roots for this component in the so-called 'creative fantasy', from a psycological-psycoanalistic perspective. After Freud's and his disciples' investigations upon unconscious, Psychoanalistic criticism, Psycocritics, Mytocritics and Mytoanalysis have tried to give a satisfactory explanation to the meaning of literary works —these understood as a result of the actualization of the unconscious through latent fantasy. But only the Poetics of the Imaginary, in its most recent studies, associates symbols —consequences of pulsional movements—, with the material structures of the text, through what García Berrio has denominated, 'schemes of fantastic spatialitation'.
¿Incluso 'incluso'? adverbios, rematización y transición pragmática
Authors: Herrero Blanco Ángel
Published: April 2016

This article deals with a pragmatic analysis of the Spanish word 'incluso' (even); it is classified according to its adverbial values (adjunct vs conjunct) and its degree of information within the sentence (thematic vs rhematic vs transitional). With such coordinates, as with the notion of Pragmatic Pertinence, the specific scopes of 'incluso' in its different positions are studied.
Un problema de proyección del léxico en estructuras sintácticas: la posición del adjetivo adjunto en español
Authors: Calvo Pérez Julio
Published: April 2016

The first part of this work consists in a deep revision of the several theories that the traditional grammar as well as the modern linguistics have done about the matter of adjective position in Spanish. At the first, we propose an improvement of the traditional solutions, resorting to a hierarchy of the main contributions made by the respective authors. Later on, we also propose, as if a genuine Prague School solution were treated of, a combination of features to structure with them the attributive adjectives according to the place that they occupy in the FSP (Functional Sentence Perspective). The second part of the article harmonizes the relations between sentences and nominal phrases by means of the GL (Liminar Grammar) of A. López García and the PL (Lexical Pragmatics). In that trame, PL, conceived like «Closure of L», projects from the correspondig CC.SS. (Semantic Fields) —with regard to the problem that engages our attention now— substantive and adjective together, being many the theoric solutions that allow us to integrate in a only Topology all the hypothesis proposed so far. With it, we certainly pretend to a coherent classification of the AS/SA word order.
La retórica en la interpretación psicoanalítica
Authors: Domínguez Caparrós José
Published: April 2016

That it is possible a relationship between psychoanalysis and rhetorics, has been shown by E. Benveniste, R. Barthes, T. Todorov, and others. In this paper, this relationship is centred in the parallelism between metaphor and metonimy, in the side of rhetorics, and condensation and displacement, in the side of psychoanalysis. The comparison was first made by J. Lacan. Both R. Jakobson and T. Todorov have criticized this relationship, and have posed other similarities between some technical terms of the psychoanalysis and the tropes of the rhetoric. On the basis of the discussion of these terms in S. Freud, a diagram is proposed to show the different positions of R. Jakobson, J. Lacan and T. Todorov about the question.
El acento en la lingüística española del siglo XIX: aspectos del desarrollo de una teoría
Authors: Azorín Fernández Dolores , Martínez Linares María Antonia
Published: April 2016

This paper is an attempt to delimit the different theories about the "stress" problem in the nineteenth century Spanish linguistics. This work is based on the most important Spanish prosodic treatises written in that century. First, we have tried to define which is the main constituent of the Spanish accent in the view of the Spanish prosodists of that period. Concerning this matter, we have observed that while the earliest theories identify accent and tone modulations, at the middle of the century the stress, considered as a parameter of intensity, is more and more admitted as the basic element of the Spanish accent. Then, we have examined, according to the different theories, the relations between accent and the rest of the prosodic features.
Sobre las construcciones locales en español
Authors: Cifuentes Honrubia José Luis
Published: April 2016

This paper intends to show the actancial functionality of certain local schemas. For this purpose we have delimited several kinds of verbs and we have tried to specify its semic composition. This semic composition explains the different types of locative complements in Spanish -identified on the basis of cognitive models- and its arrangement.
Las construcciones pasivas en el español del siglo XV
Authors: Ricós Vidal Amparo
Published: April 2016

The author of this article tries to demonstrate that the superiority of the passive construction with the verb "ser" and the past participle in the 15th century Spanish is due to a stylistic use of this form in a period in which a cultivated, humanistic spirit attempted to ennoble the language, introducing lexical and syntactic latinisms. Therefore this verbal periphrasis is used profusely with non-passive values, and sometimes it permits a prosodic role by means of emphasizing the significant element: the past participle. And, in the 15th century Spanish, this form is also used to stress the agent of the action when it works as the first and second person.
Análisis interactivo de textos orales: la entrevista
Authors: Zamora Pérez Elisa Constanza
Published: April 2016

The aim of this article is to show that the interactive analysis of the interview not only characterises the socio-ideological behaviour of the speakers immerse in the conversational dyadic but also to demonstrate that the data obtained can be on interesting information for the sociological study. Our main objective is to approach the world of human relationships through the interaction theory. We intend our contribution to be, although limited, acceptable.
Perspectivas y límites de la investigación sociolingüística contemporánea (reflexiones programáticas a propósito del proyecto de investigación del sistema de variedades vernáculas malagueñas)
Authors: Villena Ponsoda Juan Andrés
Published: April 2016

Urban dialectology and research into vernacular varieties, sociolects, and related phenomena have been developing in recent years within European sociolinguistics, through a very ineresting combination of American fieldwork methods (Labov et alii) with others developed by social anthropologists and well tested in the area of linguistics (Gumperz, Milroy et alii). The further differences between national trends in European urban vernacular research come from each country's own traditions in linguistic and social studies (functionalism, historical dialectology, educational sociology, marxism, and so forth). The aim of this paper is to carry out a critical revision of the European (and, especially, Spanish) methodological and theoretical foundations of studies of urban sociolinguistics variation and change, inasmuch as the said foundations are considered a framework for the analysis of the Vernacular Varieties System of Málaga (V.U.M.-Project). A brief report of its limits and perspectives is presented, with special emphasis placed on the linguistic and sociolinguistic features of Andalusian Spanish (as far as they are known the unsystematic previous observations). Andalusian varieties of Spanish can be defined, from an outer point of view, as taking part in a polynomic system (Marcellesi); from an inner point of view, the could be classified as a diasystem of gradata (Stehl), with two well defined extremes consisting of highly-focussed varieties (Standard Spanish and Cross-regional and Urban Educated Regional Standards /versus/ Low Varieties of Andalusian Spanish), and an intermediate part where a vast range of variation occurs (diffusion).
Lenguaje, tipología y cultura: Edward Sapir
Authors: Arduini Stefano
Published: April 2016

This article deals with the relation between linguistic theory (specially tipology) and anthropology in Edward Sapir. This aspect of the work of Sapir is particularly important to indicate a line of research, in the twentieth century history of USA linguistics, that has never forgotten the correlation between linguistics and extralinguistics aspects.
Sobre la supuesta despronominalización del relativo
Authors: Trujillo Carreño Ramón
Published: April 2016

It has been argued that the adjectival clauses that contain an anaphoric pronoun referred to the antecedent of the relative are anomalous, since this relative loses its pronominal nature in order to become a mere conjunctive nexus. it is thus assumed that, in an expression such as «hay gente que le gusta vivir», que no longer substitutes for a noun which represents the content of gente, for this role is now played by the anaphoric le. The author of this essay sets out to demostrate (a) that the so-called relative pronouns are anaphoric determiners devoid of nominal content; (b) that they never substitute for an antecedent, whether nominal or not; (c) that the article or the prepositions that can go before it do not take this position depending on an imaginary nominal condition, which these relatives lack, but depending on the syntactic relation that their antecedent may establish with the verb in the subordinate clause; (d) that the concept of 'anomaly' arises from a mistaken grammatical analysis of the relative clause, as it is evidenced by the fact that these constructions are attested in all the stages of the Spanish language and in all speech registers; (e) that, nevertheless, this phenomenon varies considerably with usage, and this fact allows us to establish several degrees of acceptability, according to the different types of grammatical structure that contribute to the classification of the examples. The author ends by sketching a set of rules concerning both the grammaticality and the acceptability of every specific type into which these constructions can be classified.
Para una caracterización tipológica de los textos constitucionales (a propósito de los textos constitucionales iberoamericanos)
Authors: Vera Luján Agustín
Published: April 2016

This article aims to characterize the syntactic structure of Constitutional Texts under the two levels of analysis established by T. A. Van Dijk: the macroestructure and superestructure. According to these two levels, the textual syntactical relationships are regarded as manifestations of two universals semiotic types of syntactical relationships: categories and classes of functions.