bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Bhesaja and Shalya Chikitsa in Arsha Roga W.S.R. to Haemorrhoids
Authors: Abdur Rahaman  , Md Tanzil Ansari  , Trisha Talapatra
Published: May 2022

Arsha (Hemorrhoids) is an age-old problem involving ano rectal region. It is notorious for its chroniocity recurrences & frequent acute exacerbations. It has been described virtually from the beginning of medical history. Sushruta, the pioneer of ancient Indian Surgery has described Arsha (Hemorrhoids) in detail. Apart from its causes, types, signs and symptoms, he has also described its many folds treatment from which the importance of and prevalence of this disease in the past can be inferred. In today’s modernized world, shift duties, stressful life, eating of unhealthy foods makes people more prone to the ano-rectal diseases such as fissure and haemorrhoid. The dilation of the veins of the internal rectal plexus constitutes the condition of the internal haemorrhoids which are covered by the mucous membrane. Haemorrhoids are commonly occurring in the fourth to sixth decades, however may affect patients of all ages. In India, 1 million new cases are reported annually, 47 per 1000 and increases with age, and it is estimated that in the age group of 45-65 years, 50-85% of people around the world have haemorrhoids. Also, males are more prone to develop haemorrhoids compare to females. Furthermore, due to site of disease, many of the patients hesitate to go to doctor and they delay the examination and treatment which ultimately leads to worsen condition of the disease. According to Modern Surgery, Haemorrhoids is varicosity and dilatation of haemorrhoidal veins of anal-canal. Hemorrhoid is commonly seen in human being due to valve- less structure of haemorrhoidal veins. Hemorrhoid is a disease, which is very specific to human race only due to its erect posture. In the management of haemorrhoids, the procedures, which are in practice at present in modern surgery, are rubber band legation, cryo- surgery, dilatation, infra-red coagulation and haemorrhoidectomy. But not all of them have been uniformly successful. In modern medical science most popular management of haemorrhoids is haemorrhoidectomy, sometimes there is a chance to reoccurring the same disease from the excision area. In Ayurveda the management of Arsha is done as fourfold treatment like- Bhesaja, Kshar Karma, Agnikarma and Shastra Karma according to the clinical manifestation of the disease. In this present review article is an attempt to review the different approach of ayurvedic treatment for the management of Arsha (Haemorrhoids).
Analisis Stimulasi Kemampuan Literasi Siswa PAUD Melalui Mendongeng
Authors: Rahayu Aristiana Prihatining
Published: May 2022

AbstrakKondisi literasi di Indonesia yang berada pada peringkat bawah, bisa menjadi gambaran kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia yang masih tertinggal dibandingkan dengan negara-negara lain di Asia Tenggara seperti Malaysia dan Singapura. Berdasarkan survei tahun 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) berada di peringkat 72 dari 77 negara terkait nilai kompetensi membaca. Hal ini membutuhkan berbagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi di berbagai jenjang pendidikan termasuk di PAUD. Penelitian “Analisis Stimulasi Kemampuan Literasi Siswa PAUD Melalui Mendongeng” dilakukan di TK ABA Tegalrejo Widang, kabupaten Tuban bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kemmapuan literasi siswa di TK ABA Tegalrejo Widang, Tuban setelah mendapatkan stimulasi storytelling melalui kegiatan mendongeng yang dilakukan pendidik di sekolah. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengambilan sampel siswa secara purposive. Data/informasi dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih detail juga dilakukan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dengan guru di sekolah. Hasil dari penelitian tersebut menemukan bahwa stimulasi dengan membacakan dongeng melalui buku (read aloud) di kelas mampu memotivasi siswa untuk senang belajar membaca. Para siswa termotivasi belajar membaca dengan keinginan bisa membaca sendiri buku-buku cerita. Kegiatan mendongeng, selain memotivasi siswa untuk semangat membaca juga melatih kemampuan  komunikasi serta membangun rasa percaya diri siswa.Kata kunci : mendongeng,  membaca, stimulasi
Optimalisasi Pembelajaran dan Bimbingan Konseling Saat Pandemi COVID-19 di TK Unggulan An-Nur Surabaya
Authors: Qomariyah Nur , Syafi’i Imam
Published: May 2022

Salah satu dampak saat pandemi adalah pendidikan. Bagaimana pembelajaran tetap berlangsung walaupun dalam masa pandemi Covid-19. Namun, banyak wali murid yang merasa bahwa pembelajaran daring jika diterapkan pada anak usia dini dirasa kurang maksimal. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan fenomenal deskriptif dengan teknik wawancara dan obervasi. Instrumen pertanyaan wawancara berisikan 30 pertanyaan, dengan narasumber kepala sekolah dan 7 guru kelas yang ada di TK Unggulan An-Nur Surabaya. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Di TK Unggulan An-Nur Surabaya menerapkan pembelajaran daring maupun luring. Bimbingan dan konseling tetap diterapkan sebagaimana sebelum pandemi. Saat pembelajaran melalui daring, wali murid dapat berkonsultasi pribadi dengan guru kelas. Kegiatan home visit yang dilakukan adalah sebagai bentuk observasi yang dilakukan oleh sekolah ke rumah wali murid dengan tujuan mengobservasi bagaimana latar belakang peserta didik dan lingkungannya.
Improvement of environmental and economic assessment methods of miningand processing of iron ore by corporations of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation based on mathematical modeling
Authors: Tishkov C.V. , Volkov A.D. , Kulakov K.A. , Shchiptsov V.V.
Published: May 2022

Iron ore production traditionally performs an important function in providing the world's manufacturing industry with raw materials and semi-finished products, and plays an important role in the socio-economic development of the regions of the North of Russia. One of the key issues of field operation remains the current, accumulated and potential environmental damage to the territories of location associated with the accumulation of waste from primary processing of raw materials stored in tailings. The development of raw material extraction technologies makes it possible to increase the time horizon for the exploitation of deposits, but requires measures to increase the capacity of the tailings storage facility, modernization of hydraulic structures serving it. In the article, on the basis of forecast data on the development of tailings facilities of the ‘Karelsky Okatysh’ JSC for the period up to 2043, a model for calculating the occupancy of a tailings pond in the event of a new dam break is constructed. At the moment, within the framework of the development of tailings facilities at the specified enterprise, the organization of the construction of a tailings dump on the site of an alluvial beach is being carried out. One of the bases of decision-making is risk assessment, which includes an assessment of emergency situations. 2 scenarios of accidents at the GTS are considered: the loss of static stability of the dam, i.e. the break of the dam wall during normal operation (A1) and the erosion of the body of the dam as a result of the overflow of water over the crest, i.e. the overflow of water over the top of the dam with subsequent destruction of the wall (A2). The assessment of the capacity of the new and old tailings dam (settling pond) and the capacity of new and old hydraulic structures and the analysis of the possibility of using a settling pond and a system of spillway structures, depending on the degree of construction of the tailings pond. The conclusion is made about the necessary measures to improve this system for the localization of man-made accidents in various scenarios.
Monitoring of maritime navigation facilities based on aerospace remote sensing data in the microwave range using neural network technologies
Authors:   Military space academy by A. Mozhaysky name, 197198, St. Petersburg, Zhdanovskaya st., 13, Belokopytov M.L. , Shlyonskikh D.A. ,   Military space academy by A. Mozhaysky name 197198, St. Petersburg, Zhdanovskaya st., 13, Morozov S.V. ,   Military space academy by A. Mozhaysky name 197198, St. Petersburg, Zhdanovskaya st., 13, Sirota S.V. ,   Military space academy by A. Mozhaysky name 197198, St. Petersburg, Zhdanovskaya st., 13
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the issues of automated search for objects of maritime navigation on radar images. A comparative analysis of the Yolov5 neural network family has been carried out. To detect objects, a one-stage automatic detector was used, built on the basis of a convolutional neural network of the Yolov5x type and trained on the SAR Ship Dataset. Digital modeling of the proposed recognition system has been performed. Verification of the trained model was carried out, as well as evaluation of the quality of the convolutional neural network algorithm. The main difficulties encountered in the preparation of a training sample are considered. The ways of their solution are proposed. Conclusions are drawn regarding the possibility of using the developed detector in order to automate the process of recognition of marine objects.
New and old dual economy
Authors: Popović Milenko , Radević Ivan
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to provide a possible explanation for the strange reoccurrence of the dual economy in developed countries. The dual economy is understood as consisting mainly of two sectors that differ in productivity, salaries, and related characteristics. It was hypothesized there is a relationship between secular stagnation, the slowdown in productivity growth, stagnation in wages, and the dual economy’s reoccurrence. In explaining this relationship, technological progress and the process of globalization, which have been prevalent in recent decades, play a crucial role. It is concluded that the era of the new dual economy and the productivity paradox represents a particular phase of economic growth. Since the phenomenon of the reoccurrence of the dual economy in developed countries has been noticed and studied only recently, further research is needed, focusing on the empirical studies.
The functional role of visual information and fixation stillness in the quiet eye
Authors: Harris David , Wilson Mark , Vine Samuel James
Published: May 2022

The final fixation to a target in far-aiming tasks, known as the quiet eye, has been consistently identified as an important perceptual-cognitive variable for task execution. Yet, despite a number of proposed mechanisms it remains unclear whether the fixation itself is driving performance effects or is simply an emergent property of underpinning cognitions. Across two pre-registered studies, novice golfers (n = 127) completed a series of golf putts in a virtual reality simulation to examine the function of the quiet eye in the absence of visual information. In experiment 1 participants maintained a quiet eye fixation even when all visual information was occluded (p = .57, BF = 0.61, std. beta = 0.06). Visual occlusion did significantly disrupt motor skill accuracy, but the effect was relatively small (89cm vs 105cm radial error, std. beta = 0.25). In experiment 2, a ‘noisy eye’ was induced using covertly moving fixation points, which disrupted skill execution (p = .04, BF = 318.07, std. beta = -0.25) even though visual input was equivalent across conditions. Overall, the results showed that performers persist with a long pre-shot fixation even in the absence of visual information, and that the stillness of this fixation confers a functional benefit that is not merely related to improved information extraction.
In search of a neural indicator of behavioral immune system activation
Authors: Hromatko Ivana , Bubić Andreja
Published: May 2022

Background and purpose: Behavioral immune system is a cluster of psychological mechanisms enabling detection and avoidance of pathogens in one’s immediate environment. Its presumed activation has been implicated in myriads of psychological phenomena, stemming from pathogen related disgust to more complex behaviors, such as mate choice and xenophobic cognitions. However, little is known about its biological underpinnings. The aim of this preliminary study was twofold: 1) to explore the role of another neuropsychological system governing avoidant motivations, the behavioral inhibition system, in pathogen-induced disgust and 2) to determine if frontal hemispheric asymmetries (a neural correlate of avoidant motivations) might serve as indicators of behavioral immune system activation. Materials and methods: 62 participants completed the Behavioral inhibition scale. Based on their z-scores, two extreme groups were formed: high (n=9) and low behavioral inhibition (n=9) group. After the baseline EEG recordings, participants were exposed to a set of neutral stimuli, followed by a set of pathogen disgust inducing stimuli. The frontal asymmetry (FAA) indexes (lnR-LnL) were calculated within both (low: 8-10 Hz; high: 11-13 Hz) alpha frequency bands on analogue pairs of frontal electrodes. Results: There were no baseline FAA differences between groups. However, compared to low behavioral inhibition group, high behavioral inhibition group showed larger shifts in FAA on frontopolar locations while watching the disgust-inducing stimuli, as compared to neutral photographs.Conclusions: This pattern of FAA shifts suggest that high behavioral inhibition individuals attend to pathogen threat related cues more readily, i.e. have a more reactive behavioral immune system. With this preliminary study we are proposing a new line of research in order to determine if there is evidence of calibrated response in terms of interplay between one’s immune status and pathogen treat related neural reactivity.
Toward a political sociology of privatized punishment: Contestation, state structures, and stratification
Authors: Burkhardt Brett C , Connor Brian
Published: May 2022

Privatized punishment—in which nonstate actors carry out state-mandated criminal punishments—has developed into a common practice since its rise in the 1980s. Many disciplines, including criminology, political science, public administration, and economics, have examined its use over the past four decades. However, privatized punishment has not garnered much attention in sociology. This is surprising, as privatized punishment touches on the key themes in sociology, and in the political sociology in particular. In this paper, we attempt to insert privatized punishment into classic and contemporary discussions in political sociology. Below, we offer an overview of privatized punishment and provide a high-level review of how other social scientific disciplines have studied the phenomenon. Then we argue that political sociology provides a useful, if underutilized, lens for studying privatized punishment. In particular, we highlight three political sociological themes—contestation, state structures, and stratification—that can be fruitfully applied to the study of privatized punishment, and we sketch multiple lines of future research informed by these themes.
USE Questionnaire Untuk Mengukur Daya Guna Sistem Informasi e-Tadkzirah
Authors: Sasongko Agung , Jayanti Wanty Eka , Risdiansyah Deni
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini membahas dan memberikan gambaran tentang pengukuran tingkat daya guna sistem informasi e-tadzkirah sebagai media informasi kegiatan masjid dan mubaligh kepada masyarakat muslim di kota Pontianak. Pengukuran daya guna sistem menggunakan empat faktor pada kerangka USE Questionnaire, yaitu faktor kegunaan, kemudahan penggunaan, mudah di pelajari serta faktor kepuasan. Alat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini untuk membantu analisis adalah SPSS dan Ms. Excel. Tahapan penelitian dimulai setelah 102 responden diberikan pelatihan penggunaan Sistem informasi e-Tadzkirah terlebih dahulu, kemudian dilakukan penyebaran kuisioner kepada para responden. Hasil kuisioner yang didapat dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas dengan bantuan SPSS untuk memastikan data yang diolah adalah data yang valid. Hasil uji validitas adalah setiap butir kuisioner memiliki nilai korelasi lebih dari 0.197, dan keseluruhannya dapat dimasukkan ke dalam hitungan uji realibilitas, maka kuisioner dianggap valid dan reliabel. Sedangkan hasil pengolahan kuisioner USE dengan menghitung nilai skor presentase tiap faktor yaitu: kegunaan 94,57%, mudah digunakan 92,27%, mudah dipelajari 92,89% dan tingkat kepuasan 94.71%. Akumulasi semua nilai skor faktor diketahui nilai kelayakan yaitu sebesar 93,54%, maka sistem informasi e-tadzkirah sudah dianggap layak.
Niepełnosprawność jako obszar interwencji publicznej
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Dudzińska Agnieszka
Published: May 2022

Book on the public policy towards disability presents in a comprehensive manner the main system solutions for supporting disabled people in Poland. Selected problems related to the public interventions in the area of disability were also presented, and possible institutional adjustments were indicated.
Del Palacio de la Exposición al Museo de Arte de Lima
Authors: Villamón Juan
Published: May 2022

El antiguo Palacio de la Exposición constituye una de las obras arquitectónicas más significativas de la ciudad de Lima. A lo largo de los años, el edificio ha soportado mu- chos cambios, demostrando su flexibilidad. Ha conservado lo esencial: sus columnas de fierro y la combinación de distintos materiales en sus muros, como ladrillo en el primer nivel y quincha en el segundo. Además de su valor como objeto arquitectónico, el Museo de Arte de Lima constituye en el presente un espacio de difusión cultural im- portante en la ciudad. Su cercanía al Museo de Arte Italiano y al Museo Metropolitano de Lima abre la oportunidad de gestionar el Parque de la Exposición como un clúster de museos.
Didactic Aspects in Professional Teaching English on the Material of Research and Technical Discourse
Authors: Amirova Oksana Georgievna , Kostiuchenko Angelina Pavlovna
Published: May 2022

The authors consider the main linguistic features of the scientific and technical discourse and approaches to the scientific and methodological support of teaching the main types of speech activity in English in the oil and gas industry.
chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://pedagogy-vestnik.ksu.kz/apart/2021-104-4/12.pdf
Authors:   Қорқыт Ата атындағы Қызылорда университеті, Қазақстан, Abilkhairova Zh.A. , Baimaganbetova Zh.T. ,   Қорқыт Ата атындағы Қызылорда университеті, Қазақстан, Bekmurzaeva R.A. ,   Қорқыт Ата атындағы Қызылорда университеті, Қазақстан, Nurgaliyeva S.A. ,   С. Аманжолов атындағы Шығыс Қазақстан университеті, Өскемен, Қазақстан
Published: May 2022

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, Kazakhstan followed strict global procedures. An important government decision was made to close schools and move to online learning. The sudden transition from traditional education to a distance learning format has caused some problems. In this regard, a comprehensive review of the problems of organizing online education during the first wave of the pandemic is significant. Therefore, there is now an immediate need for more detailed research in order to understand the factual effectiveness of various program measures during crisis conditions (pandemic, natural disaster, etc.). However, in the context of Kazakhstan, there is a limited amount of scientifically based research on the problems of organizing online learning during the pandemic, compared with studies by scientists from different countries. In the article, the authors pay special attention to the process of organizing online learning in the context of Kazakhstan during the beginning of the pandemic, in order to give a realistic vision of a new way of learning in a crisis situation. This study complements the existing literature, demonstrating the role of online learning in supporting educational services in crisis situations.
Features of the organization of pedagogical support in the process of training social teachers at the university
Authors:   Евразийский национальный университет имени Л.Н. Гумилева, Нур-Султан, Казахстан, Tazhenova G.B. , Valeeva R.A. ,   Евразийский национальный университет имени Л.Н. Гумилева, Нур-Султан, Казахстан
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of a study of the specifics of pedagogical support in the process of implementing the training of social teachers in modern conditions. The changes that were introduced by quarantine restrictions gave a new impetus to the study of ways to organize interaction between teachers and students. The methodological approaches, considered by the authors orient the teaching staff of pedagogical universities to rely on the real needs of pedagogical reality. Pedagogical support for the training of future social educators is one of these needs. In vocational training, pedagogical support provides students with additional resources hat future specialists can use, both in the learning process and at the stage of adaptation to professional activities. The creation of conditions for pedagogical support is possible with a conscious attitude to this of all subjects of the pedagogical process. The axiological approach in this study is proposed as a basis for the formation of the goals and content of the educational program for the training of social teachers. An empirical study with the use of survey methods allowed us to confirm the assumption of the high importance of pedagogical support in the training of future social teachers. On the basis of identifying the needs of students, it is possible to build a viable system of pedagogical support for the training of social teachers.
Ways of developing students' English speaking skills through the use of open educational resources in an innovative school
Authors:   Академик Е.А. Бөкетов атындағы Қарағанды университеті, Қазақстан, Sarzhanova G.B. , Toleuzhan A.T. ,   Академик Е.А. Бөкетов атындағы Қарағанды университеті, Қазақстан, Almas T.M. ,   Astana IT University, Нұр-Сұлтан, Қазақстан
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, the process of creation of new information and communication technologies and their widespread use in all spheres of social life known as global informatization, has become one of the most important areas of science and serves as an indicator of the development of modern society. Due to the development of the informatization process, the importance of language learning as one of the most essential components of education is increasing. The process of global informatization creates an opportunity to improve the multimedia environment for learning languages. Therefore, it is of particular importance at present to consider the literacy of teachers and students in terms of the effectiveness of learning a foreign language, as well as the role of information technology in this process. The article analyzes modern ways of developing students' English speaking skills through open educational resources (OER). The objective of this article is to study various means of learning within OER that allow to develop English speaking skills regardless of place and time. The effectiveness of the proposed tools is considered in accordance with the identified features, as well as specific concepts of researchers. The article discusses a number of definitions of open educational resources, their role and importance in modern society. The analyzed ways of developing students' speaking skills in English within the OER might serve as guidance in individual learning process and in handling issues regarding teaching a foreign language.
On Some Characteristics of Multilingualism through the Prism of the Education System
Authors:   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan, Tleuzhanova G.K. , Tuleubayeva Sh.K. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

The article considers the origin of the term «multilingualism», which has such synonyms as «plurilingualism», «polylinguism» and denotes using several languages within a particular group (a state) or using several languages by a person (a group of people). The authors present various forms and varieties of multilingualism. The necessity of taking into account and fulfilling certain conditions for the development of multilingual education is justified. The authors concluded that multilingualism is a single language system, and the principle of relying on the native language is important when learning a foreign language. Multilingual education helps to develop a tolerant attitude to the culture of another nation, and interaction, mutual understanding, as well as mutual enrichment of spiritual wealth take place while mastering a foreign language. As a result, it was identified that today linguistic and cultural diversity is considered as one of the values of the World Heritage.
Structure of professional competence of future primary school teachers
Authors:   «І. Жансүгіров атындағы Жетісу университеті» КЕАҚ, Талдықорған, Қазақстан, Taurbekova A.S
Published: May 2022

At the present stage of the development of Kazakhstani higher education in the context of the transition to the updated content of education, the problem of future primary school teachers’ professional training is relevant. It is not enough to identify the problems in the training of future specialists in the field of primary education in order to list the competencies that a graduate should master. It is reasonable to consider the model of the predicted result as a system of interrelated components. In this regard, this study aims to identify and substantiate the structural components of the professional competence of primary school teachers. The main methods of studying this problem are comparative and model methods, which allow to to take account of various research approaches for understanding the structure of teachers’ professional competence. The results of the study indicate the process of developing analytical, diagnostic, and prognostic professional actions make up the structure of the professional competence of an elementary school teacher, other important characteristics of the teachers’ professional development, such as communicative, are also being successfully improved, which also confirms the integrative basis of the structure of professional competence.
ICT in primary school students’ activities as a component of the methodological system for the formation of knowledge about nature
Authors:   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan, Bandaletova Ye.S. , Sarsekeyeva Zh.Ye. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

The problem of the effective use of ICT tools in the formation of the nature knowledge among primary school students is a current task of modern education, as it helps to form the concept of natural science knowledge and modern technology in an inextricable connection. The acquisition of information and communication technologies by primary school students in natural science education and using them in everyday learning activities, project and research practices, the presentation of their results becomes a necessity. The systematic ICT application in teaching a subject makes it possible to develop the creative activities of students, to discover new properties of the subject-matter situation, and to expand the zone of students’ independence. However, today the methodology for the use of ICT in the natural science education of schoolchildren covers to a greater extent the middle, rather than primary school, and most of the work is devoted to the use of ICT by the teacher. The article discusses the system of using ICT in teaching natural science, oriented to project and research activities and based on the competency approach which will promote the competence of primary school students in solving the problems with the use of natural science knowledge, ICT competence, communicative competence
Graduate students’ perceptions about EMI in HEIs of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Tajik M.A. , Shamatov D. ,   Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Schamiloglu U. ,   Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Fillipova L. ,   Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Zhussipbek T. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

Since the English language is the lingua franca of academia and research, English Medium Instruction (EMI) implementation has become a necessary requirement at secondary and tertiary education levels in many countries. Kazakhstan is no exception. The number of higher education institutions (HEIs) that have adopted EMI in their undergraduate and graduate programs has increased significantly since Kazakhstan gained its independence. However, despite an increasing emphasis on EMI, the vast majority of faculty and students in Kazakhstani HEIs face numerous challenges in academic reading and writing in English. Using an online survey of graduate students in 10 Kazakhstani universities, this study investigates the students’ perceptions about EMI and how these perceptions may correlate—if at all—with their gender, age, and previous academic degrees. This study found that participants’ perceptions of EMI and usage of local languages during EMI sessions differed based on their gender, age and degree. For example, the graduate students in the 18–26 age group considered the English language more important for their academic and future professional career than other age groups. Similarly, a statistically significant difference is found in the perceptions of Master and PhD degree holders. These results offer valuable insights into graduate students' learning process in an EMI context.
Pedagogical bases of formation of professional competence of future teachers
Authors:   Восточно-Казахстанский университет им. С. Аманжолова, Усть-Каменогорск, Казахстан, Tergenbayeva Zh.T. , Karasholakova L.N. ,   Жетысуский университет им. И. Жансугурова, Талдыкорган, Казахстан
Published: May 2022

This article presents the features of the pedagogical foundations of the formation and development of vocational competence of future teachers. Essence of vocational competence is defined. The efficiency of the basis that ensures the formation and development of vocational competence of future teachers is demonstrated. The main objectives of the study are: to reveal the essence of the principle of «professional competence» of a teacher; to define the components of professional competence of a future teacher; to determine the state of the problem of formation of future professional competence of teachers of general pedagogy; improvement of the theoretical principles of pedagogy as a science for the formation and development of professional qualities of future teachers; research and analysis of the most effective ways to develop professional competence and literacy of students of a pedagogical university in the preparation of future teachers. The formation of competencies of personal qualities of future teachers, which consists of four components, structural components of personal qualities is determined. These components increase the personal qualities and form the professional competence of future teachers. The article analyzes the basic concepts of the formation of professional competencies of future teachers of the educational process, studies and discusses the scientific works of Kazakh and Russian researchers. It is revealed that the pedagogical foundations of the formation and development of vocational competence and literacy of future teachers are the ability to independently solve problems and tasks in the field of biology, the ability to self-development based on knowledge, skills and abilities. The theory of the article leads to the understanding that the teacher must have new knowledge, personal qualities of professional significance.
Quality of teaching: teaching standards and assessment
Authors:   American University of Malta, Quality Assurance Department, Malta, Sarsenbayeva G.M. , Uteubaeva E.A. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan, Kokhanover T.A. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

The provision of high-quality teaching is one of the primary aims of the university. The character of the teaching is determined by its connection with the level of qualification and experience: students pursue their chosen programmes under the guidance of academic staff who are active scholars, teachers with teaching experience in the areas which they teach, and who can present the intellectual challenge of studying a subject in depth. This article does not attempt to cover all aspects of teaching. It does not seek to prescribe for the essential element of intellectual inspiration and challenge in the best university teaching, which depends on the talents of the academic staff. What it provides is the establishment of a framework, based on good practice, within which the vital activity of teachers stimulates, and attracts learners to go through the study programmes successfully. The other issue is to discuss teaching assessment criteria to help teachers to be guided in teaching quality requirements.
Some issues of teaching physics in higher education in the context of a pandemic and ways to solve it
Authors:   Абай атындағы Қазақ ұлттық педагогикалық университеті, Алматы, Қазақстан, Bitibayeva Zh.M. , Ponomarenko E.V. ,   М. Әуезов атындағы Оңтүстік Қазақстан университеті, Шымкент, Қазақстан
Published: May 2022

Currently, it is necessary to intensify the scientific activity of teachers-researchers to introduce new methods and technologies of remote learning into the teaching of physics to students. The results of the information search and the analysis of modern scientific and methodological literature show that the methodological system of teaching physics in higher education in the context of the pandemic is not developed. The methodological system in this article is understood as the relationship between goals and objectives, approaches, results, content, principles of activity, methods and techniques, forms and means of teaching. The analysis of scientific literature, documents in the field of higher education, the study of pedagogical experience, forecasting, systematization, observation, questioning, pedagogical experiment, the method of expert evaluation were applied in the study. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the author's method of studying the topic «Nuclear reactions» as a part of the methodological system of remote physics training for high school students contributes more than the traditional one to obtaining the expected educational results in remote learning. The elements of the methodological system were successfully tested. Packages of accompanying materials were created, a digital handout was made, problem situations and cases were selected, etc. The relevance of the stated tasks is generally explained by the need to modernize the education system, the requirement to improve the quality of training in accordance with the development of the Republic of Kazakhstan and progressive world experience.
Comparison of Russian and Kazakhstan proctoring systems
Authors:   Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Shaushenova A.G. , Akhmetzhanova Sh. E. ,   Taraz Regional University named after M.Kh. Dulati, Taraz, Kazakhstan, Ongarbayeva M.B. ,   International Taraz Innovation Institute, Taraz, Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

The article analyzes the problems faced by teachers in the context of the forced transition to distance learning in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, when interaction with students was carried out only using information technologies. There are problems of organizing and conducting exams in remote access: the difficulties of identifying students, the use of proctoring technologies. The main problem of distance learning is objective assessment of knowledge. Online proctoring systems are one way to discourage student academic fraud. The article discusses the possibilities and problems of using the online proctoring system for online knowledge control. The possibility and feasibility of using proctoring technology in remote monitoring of the progress of university students, as a tool for personal identification are analyzed. Varieties of the proctoring procedure, classification of technologies based on the products of ProctorEdu, Examus, Oqylyq, Aero, Oes are considered, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the proctoring system. The article notes that the Kazakhstani proctoring systems Oqylyq, Aero, Oes are not inferior to the Russian proctoring systems ProctorEdu, Examus. On the basis of the analysis of proctoring systems, the validity of its application was confirmed from the point of view of efficiency in terms of such indicators as the reliability of identity verification, reduction of time and material costs.
The challenges and development paths of preschool educational environment
Authors:   Charles University, Praga, Czech Republic, Mazacova N. , Ibragimova G.K. ,   National Center for Professional Development «Orleu», Karaganda, Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

This article discusses challenges of designing a subject-spatial environment in the context of goals and objectives of the preschool organizations in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The paper aims to address a role and an importance of the educational environment in early childhood, and define the concept of «educational environment». Research results are presented on the example of numerous preschool organizations of the Karaganda region. The general issues such as leisure furniture shortage, special conditions for children with disabilities, children’s personal, and free activity space have been highlighted. The article emphasizes the significance of diagnosing the educational environment with an international «ECERS-R». The use of scale indicators helps to see weaknesses in the activities of preschool organizations and ways for improvement. The designing stage of strategies for preschool environmental development has been presented, which helps to bridge the gap between the real and ideal educational practice. The outlined strategies based on these «trouble» zones will help teachers build an authentic educational environment, design «zones of developmental opportunities» for children. The identified «trouble» zones and strategies for the development of the educational environment of preschool organizations can become the basis for changes in the preschool educational organizations of the country.
Herd Immunity to Hepatitis B in the Russian Federation in 2017–2019
Authors: Kuzin S. N. , Semenenko T. A. , Klushkina V. V. , Vlasenko N. V. , Churilova N. S. , Panasyuk Ya. V. , Kudryavtseva E. N. , Korabel'nikova M. I. , Dubodelov D. V. , Rodionova Z. S. , Solopova G. G. , Konopliova M. V. , Nikitin I. G. , Shulakova N. I. , Tutelian A. V. , Akimkin V. G.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. Hepatitis B is a global problem of global and Russian public health due to its high prevalence and the possibility of forming a chronic form of the disease with the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.  

Aims. Assessment of the herd immunity to hepatitis B in the population of the Russian Federation in 2017‒2019.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the Central Institute of Epidemiology within the framework of a large-scale program to assess herd immunity to hepatitis B in the population of the Russian Federation. The results of studies for the presence of anti-HBs in various subjects of the Russian Federation in 2017 to 2019, which were performed in accordance with MU 3.1.2943-11, were analyzed. Additionally, as a reference study in 2020, a survey of donors in Moscow (n = 427) was conducted for the presence of anti-HBs. Standard methods of descriptive statistics Microsoft Excel and STATISTICA 12.0 (StatSoft, USA) were used for statistical processing. The mean values were estimated taking into account the 95% confidence interval [95% CI] (according to the Klopper-Pearson method (exact method).

Results. The average annual values of the proportion of persons with protective immunity against hepatitis B for 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 70.03%, 67.95% and 66.36%, respectively. Significant differences were revealed in the average values of the proportion of persons with a protective level of anti-HBs in the Federal Districts (FD): higher than the average Russian indicators were found in the Northwestern (74.2%), Southern (71.0%) and Far Eastern FD (70.7%). In 44 subjects of the Russian Federation during the observation period, the proportion of persons with protective immunity against hepatitis B was less than 60%.

Conclusion. The necessity of optimizing the system of serological monitoring of post-vaccination immunity against hepatitis B is substantiated, which will increase the effectiveness of preventive measures nationwide
Application of New Molecular Genetic Strategies for Transborder Transmission Analysis of Tuberculosis in Irkutsk Region
Authors: Zhdanova S. N. , Ogarkov O. B. , Savilov E. D. , Kondratov I. G.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. The Irkutsk region belongs to the territories of Russia unfavorable for tuberculosis. The situation in the region is exacerbated by the existence of active tourism and trade and transport contacts with Mongolia, which is a country with a higher burden of TB.Aims. To assess the applicability of using subtype-specific PCR tests on clinical samples of TB patients to crossborder transmission analysis of the M. tuberculosis. Materials and methods. we investigated the cohort of 161 sputum and surgical specimens from newly diagnosed TB patients with a positive molecular genetic test (GeneXpert). The epidemic subtypes of the Beijing genotype (subtypes B0/W148, Central Asian, Asian-African 2) were identified by the method PCR with real-time detection (RT-PCR) with primers and probes of our own design. Results. The use of respiratory and surgical specimens with positive results of a molecular genetic test and microscopy makes it possible to differentiate epidemic subtypes of the Beijing genotype in 92.9% of cases. The frequency of detection of the Russian epidemic subtypes Central Asian (45.1%) and B0/W148 (20.3%) in clinical samples does not differ from data strains from the Irkutsk region. The «Mongolian» subtype Asian-African 2 of the Beijing genotype was not identified in the clinical samples in any case. Conclusions. The results indicate the applicability of the used tests for rapid monitoring as a stage in the complex of transboundary surveillance of tuberculosis.
A new coronavirus infection: aspects of complex comorbidity
Authors: Shkarin V. V. , Kovalishena O. V. , Murtayeva A. A. , Sergeeva A. V.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. Currently, there is a significant increase in the combination of infectious and non-infectious pathology. as well as increasing the attention of researchers to this problem. The purpose. of this article is to review scientific data on the combination of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 with infectious and non-infectious pathology and to assess the phenomenon of complex comorbidity in relation to this new infection. Results. It was found that patients 60 years and older - all have complex comorbidity, which increases the risk of death by more than 7 times, and the presence of two or more comorbid diseases in patients compared with patients who had no more than one disease, the risk of death increased by 9 times. Conclusion. A high potential of combination with COVID-19 is shown, primarily with tuberculosis, HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, as well as with a large group of opportunistic infections.
ORTHODOX CHURCHES WITH A MULTI-LEVEL STRUCTURE OF THE LITURGICAL SPACE
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Architecture (State Academy), Borisov Sergey V. , Korotaev Nikolay A. ,   Moscow Institute of Architecture (State Academy)
Published: May 2022

This article explores the history and modernity of orthodox churches with a multi-level structure of liturgical spaces. The authors have defined a method of temple architecture, which consists in introducing relevant components of secular creative concepts to express the truths of Christianity through the interpretation of tradition. For the first time, the authors have identified for research a typological group of Christian churches with liturgical spaces located at various levels with their visual unification. A typology of the studied historical spatial solutions have developed. A modern understanding of the tradition development of the multi-level structure of liturgical premises involving the concept of architectural space have proposed. There were developed the compositional schemes of churches: the placement of chapels or galleries at different levels relative to the main liturgical space; the creation of a unified multi-level liturgical space with a descent to the altar; the spatial system of the semi-underground crypt and the altar.
THE PROJECT OF MUSEUM AND ETHNOGRAPHIC COMPLEX AS A TOOL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE VILLAGE USALKA, TYUMEN REGION)
Authors:   Industrial University of Tyumen, Chernousova Julia V. , Fedorov Andrey N. ,   Industrial University of Tyumen
Published: May 2022

The paper presents a project of a museum and ethnographic complex (on the example of the village Usalka, Tyumen Region), designed for the comprehensive development of rural areas. The authors considered the results of pre-project analysis of the territory (general information about the village, the typology of development, the specificity of wooden carvings), determined the design area. A set of current problems of the settlement was identified (among them: poor development of internal infrastructure, low level of housing quality, insufficient number of jobs and low incomes of villagers) and options to address them were found. As a result of the study, the main concept of the project, including volume-space and architectural-planning solutions of the developed complex, was formed. The project is presented in the form of graphic material, plans, facades, sections, diagrams.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR FINDING THE SHORTEST DISTANCE IN A GRAPH
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Bliznyakova Elena A. , Kulikov Andrey A. ,   Lyceum No. 5 named after Yu. A. Gagarin of Volgograd, Kulikov Alexey V. ,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: May 2022

Currently, there is a high need to determine the shortest distances to form freight and passenger transportation routes. One of the most effective ways to determine routes of minimum length are methods of finding the shortest distances in a graph. The article discusses algorithms for finding shortest distances, as well as other methods based on the principles of their operation. It was conducted a comparative analysis to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using these methods in routing tasks.
Effect Of Moderate Level Aerobic Training On Maximum Oxygen Consumption And Cardiovascular Fitness Of Non-Athlete Students
Authors: Yousaf Rehan , Marwat Mohibullah Khan
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to compare the difference in VO2 max values pre and post-test, compare the difference in cardiovascular endurance pre and post-test, and determine the association between VO2 max and cardiovascular endurance. This study used an experimental research design with pretest and post-test randomized groups. The study was conducted at COMSATS, Lahore Campus and a total number of 80 non-athlete volunteers and healthy university students participated in this study. The "Cooper's 12-minute Run Test" was used to measure VO2 max and CVE. Before the administration of aerobic training,pretest data was collected. After the completion of eight weeks of aerobic training, again, the same tests were conducted to collect post-test data. Data were tabulated and analyzed with SPSS (23.0) and descriptive statistics were used to classify and summarize the data. Paired Sample t-test and "Pearson Correlation Coefficient" were used to test the stated hypotheses. VO2 max is the predictor of aerobic power and CVE, so the conclusion is that regular aerobic exercise may enhance VO2 max CVE (Falk,2019). Therefore, it is suggested that adequate PA programs be included in the curriculum of educational institutes