bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clarithromycin versus Levofloxacin Based Section Triple Drug Therapy as First Line Eradication for Helicobacter pylori InfectionA Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Nanda Rajesh Amarnath , Krishnan Karthikeyan , Kothagundu Vaibhavi , Reddy Chegireddy Mahindranath , Mathew Sunitha Elza , Chandran Geethika
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are microaerophilic gram negative, spiral shaped, flagellated bacterial pathogens transmissible to humans. The prevalence of infection with H. pylori infection varies worldwide. Pharmacologic therapy for eradication must be initiated in symptomatic individuals with emphasis on hygiene and sanitation. The high prevalence of H. pylori infection in the country, and the lack of adequate evidence on the efficacy of the standard triple therapy in Southern India was the drive to conduct this study. Aim: To compare and evaluate the efficacy of 14 days clarithromycin based triple drug therapy over 10 days levofloxacin based triple drug therapy in H. pylori eradication. Materials and Methods: A randomised clinical study was conducted from September 2018 to February 2019, at a tertiary care teaching hospital and research centre in suburban Chennai, Southern India. Eighty patients with dyspepsia, who were diagnosed with H. pylori infection based on both Rapid Urease Test (RUT) and histopathology of antral biopsy, were alternately assigned to treatment with either 14 days clarithromycin based triple drug regimen (PAC) or 10 days levofloxacin based triple drug regimen (PAL). Efficacy of the drugs were compared using both RUT and histopathology of endoscopic antral biopsy specimen four weeks after completion of the treatment. Chisquare test was used for data analysis. Results: Out of the 80 enrolled patients, 70 individuals completed the study, of which 41 were males and 29 were females. Baseline characteristics were similar in the both the groups-mean age 42.31±14.8 years in PAC and 42.20±12.67 years in PAL (p=0.150); 65.7% were males and 34.3% were females in PAC group, 51.4% were males and 48.6% were females in PAL group (p=0.225). Clearance of infection was seen in 23 patients (65.7%) in PAL group as compared to 32 patients (91.4%) in the PAC (p=0.01). Among patients with failure of eradication, 3 (1.05%) from PAC group and 12 (4.20%) from PAL group had persistence of dyspeptic symptoms. In addition, 7.14% (5 out of 70-two from PAC and three from PAL group) of subjects who had H. pylori eradication had persistence of same symptoms of dyspepsia on follow-up at four weeks after completion of the regimen. Conclusion: A 14 days clarithromycin based triple drug regimen is more effective than 10 days levofloxacin based triple drug regime for the eradication of H. pylori infection.
Clinical Profile and Cardiac Complications of Haemoglobinopathies in Children at Tertiary Care Centre in Hyderabad, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pandala Paramesh , Gangadhari Siddhartha , Polanki Raghava , Kotha Rakesh , Venkateshwarlu B
Published: June 2022

Introduction : Haemoglobinopathies include a group of inherited, chronic haemolytic anaemias which are transfusion dependent. Haemolytic Anaemia is a public health problem and has a high prevalence in Asian countries. Cardiac morbidity and mortality are burdens of these disorders as a result of chronic anaemia and iron overload despite iron chelation therapy. For this reason, it is recommended that regular cardiac evaluation should be done for all patients with haemoglobinopathies. Aim: To study the clinical and laboratory profile of haemoglobinopathies and, the cardiac complications in transfusion-dependent patients by conventional echocardiography. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Department of Paediatrics at Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, from 2020 March to 2022 February. Diagnosis confirmed clinically or by Laboratory including 2D Echocardiography (ECHO). Variable measures are demographic data of the child, clinical features, laboratory changes, and 2D ECHO changes. Continued variables (quantitative) were analysed calculating mean and standard deviation and performing T-test or Mann-Whitney’s test. Results:The mean age of children with haemoglobinopathy was 4.8±2.86 years. Patients with serum ferritin >1000 mg/dL had more than 10 transfusions per year in 33 cases. The 2D ECHO was abnormal in 65% of patients, among these 61% of patients showed increased Left Ventricular (LV) mass/m2 in ECHO, and 39% had normal LV mass/m2. The mean ejection fraction in the patients was 64.82%. Pulmonary hypertension was seen in 25% of patients and 42 patients had mild tricuspid regurgitation. Conclusion: There is a possibility of reducing the disease burden by health education and avoiding parental consanguinity as almost half of the patients have parental consanguinity. Serial echocardiography is recommended to screen for early discoveries of cardiac abnormalities in asymptomatic children and timely initiation of appropriate therapy
Correlation of Morphometric Parameters of Spleen and Height of the Deceased: A Cross-sectional Study in North Indian Population
Authors: Dang Bhumica , Gupta Sanjay , Batra Ravi , Bokariya Pradeep , Malik Vivek Singh , Rohila Jyoti
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Estimation of stature is a major forensic anthropological concern used in the identification of unknown and mutilated human remains. Studies considering spleen morphometric parameters to decipher the height of the deceased are very rare especially in Haryana though research studies involving correlation between height and other body organs have been done. Aim: To determine the correlation between the morphometric parameters of the spleen and height of the deceased. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy in collaboration with the Department of Forensic Medicine in Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India, from September 2010 to September 2012. The spleen specimens (30 male and 30 female) obtained from deceased adults in the age group of 16-70 years (both age inclusive) belonging to North India from the Department of Forensic Medicine during autopsy. The measurement of splenic parameters (weight, length, breadth, thickness and surface area) was done using direct measurement (standard methodology) accepted by anthropologists. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Pearson’s correlation test was used to evaluate the association between the splenic parameters and height. Correlation formula was derived to calculate the height from the splenic measurements. Results: Correlation of height was positive with splenic measurements (weight, length, breadth, thickness and total surface area) in both males and females and was significant with splenic weight (r-value=0.54 and p-value=0.02) and splenic length (r-value=0.548; p-value=0.002) in females. It was significant for splenic thickness in males (r-value=0.042; p-value=0.018) and significant for total surface area of spleen for both males and females (r-value=0.80 and p-value <0.00001 in males and r-value=0.58 and p-value=0.000781 in females). Conclusion: Correlation of height was significant for splenic weight and length in females; significant for splenic thickness in males and significant for total surface area of spleen for males and females. This study would help Anthropologists and Forensic Medicine Experts to calculate the height of the deceased using various regression equations if spleen is intact and is measured.
The Utility of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Assessment of Hepatic Lesions
Authors: Namshiker Aparna Amogh , Rocha Premila DE Sousa , Pinto Roque GW
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a less invasive, rapid and less expensive diagnostic technique which was initially used for only readily palpable masses and superficial organs. In recent years however, modern imaging techniques like Ultrasonography (USG) and Computed Tomography (CT) have made it possible to use this procedure for inaccessible lesions and deeper organs like the liver. Aim: To evaluate the utility of FNAC in the assessment of neoplastic and non-neoplastic hepatic lesions and to determine its diagnostic accuracy particularly in malignant hepatic neoplasms. Materials and Methods: The combined analysis of retrospective and prospective data was conducted over a period of 22 years (from January 1998 to December 2019) in the Department of Pathology, Goa Medical College, Goa, India, on 535 patients who presented clinically and radiologically with hepatic lesions. The Fine Needle Aspirations (FNAs) were performed under ultrasound and CT guidance. The cytology smears were then stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and May Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) stains. A cytohistopathological correlation was performed manually wherever possible with the available data. The overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAC as well as the diagnostic sensitivity of the procedure in detecting malignant hepatic lesions and its positive predictive value was calculated. The chi-square distribution of the categories of cytological reporting and of the various cytopathological diagnosis among the diagnostic aspirates was also studied to find the statistical significance. Results: Among the 535 patients studied, 386 (72.1%) cases were diagnostic of which 76 were non-neoplastic and 310 (57.9%) were neoplastic lesions. The remaining 149 cases contributed to the non diagnostic category. The distribution of the diagnostic aspirates was statistically significant (p<0.0001). This series showed a male preponderance with most of the patients in the 51-60 years age group. Pyogenic abscess of the liver was the commonest non- neoplastic and non malignant lesion (non-neoplastic lesion+Benign neoplasms) and Hepatic metastasis was the commonest neoplastic and malignant lesion. The Chi-square statistics for the same was also significantly high (p<0.0001). While adenocarcinoma was the most frequent metastasis morphologically, the commonest site of known primary cancer with hepatic metastasis was the gastrointestinal tract. Cytohistopathological correlation was available in 72 cases. The overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in this study was 90% and the diagnostic sensitivity for malignant hepatic lesions was 98% with a positive predictive value of 94%. Conclusion: Guided FNAC of liver was thus confirmed as a safe procedure that was useful in the successful diagnosis of hepatic lesions especially malignancies.
EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIUROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PAVONIA ZEYLANICA (L) CAV
Authors: J Vijay , P Natarajan
Published: June 2022

Objective: To evaluate in vitro antiurolithiatic activities of Pavonia zeylanica (L) Cav. Material and Methods: Whole plant of Ethanolic extract of Pavonia zeylanica was prepared and arranged in the three different concentrations (10mg/ml, 20mg/ml, and 30mg/ml). In vitro antiurolithiatic activity of Ethanolic extract of Pavonia zeylanica through turbidometric and titrimetric method was tested in terms of inhibition of calcium oxalate by nucleation and aggregation and dissolution of calcium oxalate, using the standard drug. Results: Standard drug has high percentage inhibition and dissolution ability and thus Ethanolic extract of Pavonia zeylanica also have a good percentage inhibition and dissolution ability was comparable to standard drug. Conclusion: The study concludes that the Ethanolic extract of Pavonia zeylanica have inhibitory effect on calcium oxalate for nucleation and aggregation assay. It also showed good dissolution of calcium oxalate crystals, so this extract has the good protection against Urolithiasis activity
GREESHMA RITU AND RITUCHARYA: A LITERARY REVIEW
Authors: Kumari Soumya , . Vidyalakshmi , DN Likhita
Published: June 2022

Ayurveda has been developed on the firm grounds of maintaining the health of the healthy and treating the diseases of the diseased. The aim of Ayurveda is to preserve the health of the individuals by averting causes at their primitive stage. The preventive branch of Ayurveda may be traced to the following headings. Dinacharya- the daily regimen; Ritucharya-the seasonal regimen; Sadvritta-proper codes and conducts of living; Trayopasthambha- Ahara, Nidra, Brahmacharya; Rasayana-Rejuvenation through Ahara Rasayana and Achara Rasayana; Vajeekarana-Virility and improving the health of the progeny. Ritucharya holds great significance in Ayurveda. A good seasonal routine helps in achieving a balance of the Doshas. Following a seasonal routine is intended to nullify the influence of changing climatic conditions on the body. Ritucharya has developed as a cost-effective intervention for all seasonal based ailments. Various possibilities like sunstroke in summer can be controlled by following Ritucharya. India is a tropical country and reports the highest casualties in summer. Simple changes in routine as advised in Ritucharya Adhyaya can avert this menace. Shashanka Kirana Bhakshya is one among the interventions of Greeshma Ritu as Daha Prashamaka and Ruchya. It is relevant to review the description available in the Ayurvedic textbooks in relation to Ritu and Ritucharya. One should follow a dietic regimen and activities as ascribed in Ayurveda in respective seasons to maintain normal health. The present article throws some glimpses at Greeshma Ritu and Greeshma Ritucharya.
A Review on Factors and Processing Methods Affecting Antihypertensive Properties of Legumes, and Antihypertensive Properties of Selected Legumes
Authors: Xin Tan Wan , Choo Chong Li , Wan Yan See
Published: June 2022

Hypertension is one of the major risk factors which leads to cardiovascular diseases, and the typical treatment for hypertension is drug therapy. However, as there are side effects to drug therapy, there has been an increase in research on legume proteins as biopeptides have shown antihypertensive effects. Many species of legumes have been cultivated for consumption as they are a good source of protein, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and dietary fiber. Bioactive compounds of legumes potentially improve factors that affect antihypertensive properties, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity, renin inhibition activity, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production. The processing method of enzymatic hydrolysis can improve ACE inhibition activity, as can be seen with horse gram, pigeon pea, and lentil hydrolysates containing potent ACE inhibitory peptides of Thr-Val-Gly-Met-Thr-Ala-Lys-Phe, Val-Val-Ser-Leu-Ser-Ile-Pro-Arg, and Asn-Ser-Leu-Thr-Leu-Pro-Ile-Leu-Arg-Tyr-Leu, while pigeon pea and kidney bean hydrolysates have shown good renin inhibition activity. Fermentation can also be used to process legumes as potent ACE inhibitory peptide Val-Val-Ser-Leu-Ser-Ile-Pro-Arg was identified from fermented pigeon pea, while kidney beans and lentils demonstrated good GABA production through natural fermentation and fermentation with microbial cultures. The germination processing method could also help improve ACE inhibition activity as horse gram has shown good inhibition activity. In vivo study of pigeon pea, kidney bean, and lentils showed potential antihypertensive properties as a significant lowering of systolic blood pressure of test subject was observed. Research done on the structure and function of antihypertensive properties of legumes can help in the development of functional food products which will be beneficial to human health.
Levels of Some Heavy Metals in Borehole Waters of Birnin Kebbi Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: I. Bungudu J. , Shuaibu L.
Published: June 2022

The levels of Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) were determined in six different samples of Borehole waters obtained from six designated areas of Birnin Kebbi metropolis, Nigeria using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals ranged from 0.0005 mg/L Cr to 0.2108 mg/L Fe. The relative abundance of the metals in Borehole waters followed the sequence of Fe (0.1769 mg/L)> Cr (0.0342 mg/L)> Cu (0.0298 mg/L)> Zn (0.0052 mg/L). The levels of Cr and other metals were found below the SON/WHO recommended safe limits for metals in water. The low concentration of Cr and absence of Pb in all the samples examined are indications that these Borehole waters contribute fewer toxic effects of metals. The pH values of the water samples were far below the recommended values by the SON/WHO and these could be adjusted through pH correction.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Studies of Isoniazid-based Schiff Base Ligands and Their Metal Complexes
Authors: Camellia Farzana Khanm , Ashrafuzzaman Md. , Islam Md. Nazrul , Banu Laila Arjuman , Kudrat-E-Zahan Md.
Published: June 2022

The condensation of aromatic aldehyde with amine results in the formation of Schiff's bases, which are considered to be one of the most significant groups of ligands. Schiff's base metal complexes have received a lot of attention because of their high biological activity. Such include antimicrobial, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. The current research is focused on the synthesis and characterization of two Schiff's base ligands obtained from the reaction of isoniazid with 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzaldehyde (L1) and 5-nitro-2-furfurldehyde (L2), respectively and their metal complexes with Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ ions. FT-IR, UV-Vis, conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility (µeff) measurements were used to describe the ligands (L1 and L2) and their complexes. The square planar geometry of Cu2+ and Ni2+ complexes, as well as the tetrahedral geometry of Zn2+ complexes, are supported by the Uv-Vis spectra and magnetic moments data. Their antibacterial effectiveness against various pathogenic microorganisms was evaluated in the presence of standard Kanamycin-30. The CuL2 complex, among all the metal complexes derived from the L2 ligand, exhibited better antibacterial activity against S. aureus than that of Kanamycin-30. When compared to the BHT antioxidant, all Cu2+ complexes showed excellent efficacy.
Factors Affecting Marketing Behavior of Pea Farmers in Jabalpur District of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Nagar Ashish Kumar , Namdeo Siddharth , Dubey M. K. , Naberia Seema
Published: June 2022

Pea is a rich source of protein as well as income and employment in Jabalpur. Pea production is a highly good source of economic importance in Jabalpur. The study was conducted purposively from 2019 to 2020 in Shapura block of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh (India) to find out the marketing behavior of pea farmers. A number of 120 pea farmers were selected in the Jabalpur district to bring to the fore the marketing behavior of pea farmers. The primary data were collected through a personal interview method with the help of a pre-tested interview schedule which was prepared based on the objectives of the investigation and variables. The statistical tests and procedures were used for analyzing the data with the help of statistical tools like mean, standard deviation, percentage, and Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation. The result of the current study revealed that the majority of the respondents had a medium (53.33%) to a high level of marketing behavior.
Productivity and Profitability of Toria through Frontline Demonstrations (CFLD) in Morigaon District
Authors: Basumatary Moon Moon , Deka Rijusmita Sarma , Bezbaruah Ranjita , Hoque Jiaul
Published: June 2022

In Morigaon district Assam, 716 demonstrations on High Yielding Variety (HYV) of toria TS-38 were conducted during five consecutive years. The study revealed that the yield of toria with HYV and improved production technology has been increased significantly as compared to local varieties and farmer’s practice. The demo yield was obtained in range from 9.5 to 12 quintal/hectareagainst 5.5 to 8.4 q/ha. The percentage increase over farmer’s practice was obtained from 26.67 to 72.73%. the average technology gap, extension gap and technology index were found to be -0.9 q/ha, 3.62 quintal/hectareand -9.00 quintal/hectarerespectively. Introducing high yielding varieties with improved production technology, the yield of toria can be enhanced to a great extent with economic conditions of farmers of the community.
Unveiling the Disaster Risk Management Practices and Challenges of Ata Mandaya Tribe in the Hinterland of Panabo City
Authors: C. Pelone Boyeth , Fermil Florie Ann
Published: June 2022

The hinterlands of Panabo City in Davao del Norte are home to some Indigenous peoples. The unfamiliar Ata Mandaya tribe in this area survived extreme climate changes in the past decades and seems disaster-adaptive and resilient, hence, their indigenous knowledge of disaster risk management begs for critical and academic explorations. This qualitative study aimed at exploring their disaster risk management practices and the challenges encountered. An in-depth interview was conducted on forty-three (43) members of the Ata Mandaya community purposively selected by their tribal leader. Data gathering procedures were rigorously carried out such as seeking approval from the City Mayor’s Office, Office of National Commission on Indigenous People, tribal leaders, and Barangay officials. The disaster risk management practices were essentially explored based on the four thematic areas of disaster risk management namely: prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery and rehabilitation. The study revealed that Ata Mandaya has learned and practiced both traditional and modern yet informal disaster risk management to remain resilient and adaptive despite varying disasters affecting their community. However, some of this indigenous knowledge and practices were slowly eroded due to the defined factors such as climate dynamics, market integration and technological advancements, and cultural integration leading to the loss of interest of young Ata Mandaya generations to adapt such traditional practices.
Influence of Entrepreneurship Education on Youth Empowerment in Nigeria
Authors: Onuoha Oluchi , Opele Jacob
Published: June 2022

The main objective of this study was to examine the influence of entrepreneurship on youth empowerment in in Ife Central Local Government area of Osun State. The study employed survey research design. A total of 125 youths in the study area was recruited by means of questionnaire administration. Data analysis was done using frequency counts and percentage distribution. The findings revealed that the youths in the local government are highly knowledgeable in entrepreneurship education and its influence on youth empowerment in the local government. The study revealed that 60% of the respondents have benefited from youth entrepreneurial programmes in the study area. Commonly identified entrepreneurial programmes in the study area includes Hair dressing. 48.3% were females while males” hairdresser accounted for 26.7%. On the other hand, more males 41.7% are tailors while 25% of the tailors were females. Also, 5.0% women does photography while male photography accounted for 3.3%. Overall. 65% of the respondents were males who engage in one form of entrepreneurial business or the other.
Determining the Role of Teacher Educators in Developing Critical Thinking to Preservice Teachers
Authors: Ngao Ayubu Ismail , Chunga Jasmin Omary
Published: June 2022

As the research on Critical Thinking (CT) has mushroomed in the field of teacher education thus, understanding Teacher Educators' roles in enhancing CT is inevitable. This study aimed to identify the specific roles that should be played by Teacher Educators in developing CT in the university context. In this study, 22 published research articles were deeply studied and analyzed to unpack the roles of teacher educators in developing CT to preservice teachers. The study proposed three patterns of solutions; (a) Implementing lesson study toward developing CT, (b) Emphasizing critical self-reflection (c) Expanding their understanding of CT teaching through scholarly research engagement. These patterns of solutions proposed were underpinned by related theories to support the application process. Thus, the solutions proposed will help Teacher Educators to become aware of their roles as educators and will assist in preparing teachers who can think critically.
Effect of Fasting during Ramadan on Inflammatory Markers in Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Elamami Adela H. , Elfargani Fatma R. , Elhamdy Faiza A. , Elzwaie Warda S. , Elhasi Salah A.
Published: June 2022

Background: Studies have recognized an association between inflammation and T2DM and its complications. Fasting is used as a medical treatment for a variety of ailments. For all healthy adult Muslims, fasting throughout Ramadan is a religious obligation.

Aims: The goal of this study was to back up a recent discovery about the regulatory effects of Ramadan fasting on inflammation in T2D patients.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted.

Date and Location of Study: The study was conducted in Benghazi Diabetes Center in April 2019, two weeks before the holy Ramadan. Methodology: Blood samples for inflammatory markers (WBC, hs- CRP, Fibrinogen) and glycemic control, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and HbA1C were collected from 72 patients with type 2 diabetes from Benghazi diabetic clinic two weeks before the holy Ramadan fasting.

Following up (at least after the first ten days of Ramadan fasting), another sample of the same Laboratory testing was taken. The difference was tested using a paired T-test, with a P- value of less than 0.05 being considered significant. The trial was completed by 58 individuals, and 14 patients were dropped out.

Results: Our findings revealed that there was no significant difference in FBS and hs-CRP levels before and during Ramadan fasting, but Fibrinogen levels were significantly different (P = <0.001) before and during Ramadan fasting, with Fibrinogen levels being higher during fasting. Interestingly, WBC levels were lower during than before fasting, with the difference being slightly significant (P = .06). When it comes to differential counts (neutrophils P =.009, lymphocytes P = .746), The hemoglobin (P=< 0.001) and platelets (P=.028) were significantly lower during Ramadan fasting compared to pre-Ramadan level.

During Ramadan fasting, the mean value of fasting blood sugar, hs-CRP, and WBC was lower in a group of patients with HbA1C less than 7 compared to a group with HbA1C greater than 7, although the difference was not statistically significant. Fasting blood sugar during Ramadan was strongly connected with hs-CRP (Pearson correlation = 0.289, P =.032), but not with HbA1C, even after adjusting for age, waist circumference, and BMI.

The interval of diabetes was not related to any of the inflammatory indicators examined in this investigation.

Conclusion: Except for WBC count, fasting Ramadan (first ten days) had no significant effects on most inflammatory indicators.
Evaluation of Reproductive Hormone, Electrolytes and Serum Protein in Pregnant Women with Different Genotypes
Authors: Ajibade Oyeyemi , Ayobola Sonuga
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Genotype is an inward expression of gene or the combination of alleles, situated on corresponding chromosomes that determines a specific trait of an individual. Sickle Cell  Disease is associated with higher clinical and obstetric complications compared to the general population.

Aim:  This study sought to investigate how different genotypes might affect the levels of hormones, electrolytes and serum proteins in pregnancy.

Study Design: A case-Control Study.

Methodology: Participants were 120 pregnant women recruited from hospitals in Oyo State and Ekiti State. They were grouped into 40each according to their Genotypes: AA,AS and SS. Blood samples were collected and analytes quantified  by standard laboratory methods. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan multiple range test were used to compare variables across the three groups.

Results: There was a significant reduction in the levels of Estrogen, and Prolactin in Sickle Cell group when compared to AA and AS group, while the levels of progesterone were not statistically different in the three groups. Also, there was a significant reduction in the levels of Na, K ,Total Protein and Albumin  in Sickle Cell Group when compared to Group 1 and 2. However, the levels of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cl and Fe, C-reactive protein were not statistically different in the three groups.

Conclusion: Low levels of reproductive hormones, total protein and electrolytes imbalance are associated with pregnancy in Sickle Cell Disease.
In-vitro Evaluation of Three Conservation Methods of Probiotics from 42-day-old Tropical Calves
Authors: Rodríguez-González Sarahí , González-Dávalos Laura , Shimada Armando , Mora-Izaguirre Ofelia
Published: June 2022

Aims: The conservation of probiotics is of great importance due to the microorganism’s viability; therefore, their properties and benefits depend on it. In this work, it was studied three methods of conservation; refrigeration, cryopreservation, and lyophilization of two probiotics isolated from the rumen of 42 day-old calves, previously evaluated: Animal 1-day 42 (A1D42) and Animal 3-day 42 A3D42.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratorio de Rumiología y Metabolismo Nutricional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, between August 2020 and September 2021.

Methodology: It was evaluated the viability of the probiotics after of 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of refrigeration, cryopreservation, and lyophilization as preservation methods. The effect of the lyophilized probiotic A1D42 on the digestibility in vitro, such as its effect on the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production was also determined.

Results: Cryopreserved and lyophilization methods had better performance about the viability in both probiotics. A1D42 lyophilized maintained its viability (67%) until 60 days and after 90 days it was affected significantly. Despite the fact that VFA production in vitro did not increase with probiotic addiction, A1D42 significantly increased in vitro digestibility by up to 66%. The results demonstrated that lyophilization is the best method of conservation of probiotic production due to it preserves vial cells, as well as the properties and effects of the probiotic.

Conclusion: Therefore, lyophilized A1D42 probiotic can be used as an additive in calf diets, which could improve their digestibility, and, therefore, their weight gain, which could have a positive impact on animal production, in addition to the health benefits.
Application of Stacking-Based Ensemble Learning Model for Water Quality Prediction
Authors: Zhang Longfeng , Yang Yiqi , Deng Yanqiao , Kang Hao , Hua-ng Tingting
Published: June 2022

Water is the source of life, and the growth of animals and plants cannot leave the water source. The quality of water will directly affect the life and health of humans, animals and plants. In order to predict the concentration and changing trend of various pollutants in water bodies and promote the comprehensive management of water resources, this paper proposes a new integrated model based on the idea of Stacking integrated learning. The model is based on XGBoost, support vector regression, and multi-layer perceptron. The model is constructed with ridge regression as the meta-model. The model was applied to the pH and total nitrogen content of water quality, and the mean absolute percentage error was used to quantitatively evaluate the prediction results, and the results of the ensemble learning model were compared with the prediction results of a single base model. The results show that the stacking ensemble learning idea can effectively improve the prediction ability and generalization performance of the base model. The proposed ensemble learning model has very good prediction ability and generalization ability, and has great potential in other prediction fields such as water quality.
Exploring Concrete Teaching Strategies using the Mathematics Laboratory Method to Enhance Learner Achievements in Zambian Secondary Schools
Authors: Mwila Kennedy , Mangwatu Darius , Lufungulo Enala S. , Mugala Alex , Namuchana Maimbolwa , Chinemerem Onwubuya Gift , Siampule Manuel
Published: June 2022

This study sought to investigate the effectiveness of the mathematics laboratory method in enhancing learner achievements in mathematics of Grade 12 pupils. The specific objectives of this study were to; investigate the extent to which the Mathematics Laboratory Method enhances Grade 12 academic performance in Mathematics, and to establish the challenges faced by Secondary Schools in establishing Mathematical laboratories. The study employed a mixed method approach, a concurrent triangulation design was used, with a sample size of 120 pupils and 12 teachers from the 3 selected secondary schools. Simple random sampling was used on the pupils and purposive sampling teaching was used to select the teachers. The control group and the experimental group were subjected to a pre-test where an independent sample T-test was used to test the hypothesis. The mean pre- test scores were 52% and 54% for the experimental and control group respectively. Further, statistical analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre-test results between the two groups. On the other hand, results for the post test, which was administered after the control group was taught using the traditional method of teaching and experimental group using the mathematics laboratory method showed a statistically significant difference. The mean score for the post-test rose to 63.97%% and 68.13% for the control and experimental group respectively. Pupils who were taught using the Mathematics Laboratory Method performed better than those who were taught using the Traditional Method of teaching. The study recommends the adoption of Mathematics Laboratory Method in Secondary Schools so as to enhance learner achievements in Mathematics.
Physico-Chemical Analysis of Groundwater of Shekhawati Vicinity of Rajasthan (Pre-Monsoon)
Authors: Ram Hari , P. Lamba N. , Kumar Praveen
Published: June 2022

The Shekhawati regions constitute of Sikar, Neemkathana and Khandela areas of Rajasthan where actually exist various types of groundwater problems. Due to this reason, there are various diseases found in these regions such as Fluorosis, methaemoglobinaemia etc. For this purpose, samples from the Shekhawati region in Rajasthanwere first collected and subsequently various parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, Total Hardness, Total Alkalinity, Calcium Hardness, Magnesium Hardness, Chloride content, NO3-content, F-content were determined. The study showed that many of the all given parameters were either lower or higher than the ideal limits prescribed by WHO and ISI and are causing health problems to the people living in the region.
Sorghum Physiology and Adaptation to Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Behera Partha Pratim , Saharia Niharika , Borah Nayanmoni , Devi Soibam Helena , Sarma Ramendra Nath
Published: June 2022

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is the world's fifth most important cereal and a staple crop for nations in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, with great biomass production potential. In the dry and semi-arid tropics, it may be considered as a source of human food, grain, and pasture for cattle, as well as fuel. Abiotic stress factors such as drought, warmth, salt, and submergence remain key limitations to crop growth and yield as a result of climate change. Although sorghum can resist a variety of conditions such as heat, drought, salt, and floods, in dry and semi-arid areas, this crop is typically damaged by water stress at the post-flowering stage. Drought tolerance is a result of morphological and anatomical characteristics (thick leaf wax, leaf rolling, deep root system, and kranz anatomy), as well as physiological responses such as osmotic adjustment via osmoprotectants, stay green traits, quiescence, and ROS-scavenging enzymes such as catalases (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POD), and ascorbate peroxida (APX). Drought resistance is enhanced by functional proteins such as aquaporin, late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, heat shock protein, and regulatory proteins such as protein kinase, various transcription factors such as DREB2, bZIP, and phytohormones such as ABA and ethylene. Drought-tolerant sorghum genotypes contain greater osmolyte, chlorophyll, RWC decrease, leaf rolling, and up-regulation of various enzymes and regulatory proteins. When breeding for drought resistance, it's crucial to understand the various drought tolerance mechanisms in plants. The key to generating abiotic stress-tolerant agricultural plants in the future is to understand the physiological underpinning of crop production, crop responses, and crop adaptability in stress-prone locations under sustainable agriculture.
In vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Bee Honey against Gram-Positive Cocci Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Specimen in Shendi Town
Authors: Alabbadi Alaa Abd Alazeem , Ahmed Moshrega Mahgoub , Bashir Mazin Babekir Musa , Mahjaf Ghanem Mohammed , Gorish Babbiker Mohammed Taher
Published: June 2022

Background: Bacterial resistance is a more serious threat, and herbal medicines have been used as an alternative solution to this problem. Honey has been used to treat bacterial infections for decades.

Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, Shendi, Sudan between October 2021 and November 2021. In this study, 50 different clinical samples were collected from different microbiology laboratories in Shendi City, and different Gram-positive cocci bacteria were isolated and identified by Gram’s staining and biochemical tests. The susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria to the bee honey was determined using agar well diffusion technique.

Results: Out of a total of 50 clinical specimens cultured the most frequent isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (46%), Streptococcus epidermidis (36%), Streptococcus viridian's (10%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (4%), while the least isolated bacteria was Enterococcus fecalis (4%). On the other hand, 100% (v/v) honey was more effective than the tested antibiotics, inhibiting 74% of clinical isolates, while 38% of microorganisms were inhibited by only 50% (v/v) honey and 14% of organisms inhibited by 25% (v/v) Honey. Bee honey showed a clear effect on the isolated bacteria.

Conclusion: Based on these results, we can conclude that honey has broad activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, honey can be considered as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. The medicinal use of Sudanese honey and the assumption that the possibility of local production of bioactive honey requires additional investigation.
Genetic Variability and Character Association Studies on Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) for Seed Yield, Maturity and Resistance to Yellow Mosaic Virus
Authors: Sivakumar A. , Lavanya G. Roopa
Published: June 2022

Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among 20 genotypes of blackgram for 12 characters studied. High GCV and PCV was recorded for number of pods per plant followed by number of clusters, number of primary branches, seed yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for number of clusters per plant, number of primary branches, harvest index, number of pods per plant, seed index, plant height, seed yield per plant and biological yield. Seed yield per plant showed positive and significant correlation at both genotypic and phenotypic levels with harvest index followed by pod length, days to maturity and biological yield. High positive direct effect on seed yield per plant was exhibited by harvest index followed by biological yield, seed index, number of pods per plant and number of primary branches per plant at genotypic level. At phenotypic level high positive direct effect on seed yield per plant was exhibited by harvest index, biological yield, number of pods per plant and days to 50% flowering. Hence, selection based on these traits would be effective in increasing the seed yield. Twenty genotypes were screened against YMV out of which only PU-31 showed resistant reaction. Fifteen genotypes showed moderately resistant reaction. Two of them showed moderately susceptible reaction and the other two genotypes showed susceptible reaction towards YMV.
Effect of STCR-IPNS Based Nutrient Application on Soil Health, Yield, Nutrient Content and Uptake of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Sachan Ravindra , Thomas Tarence , Pandey Hanuman Prasad , Tiwari Abhishek , Kumar Avanish , Yadav Pratistha , Yadav Abhishek , Kumar Mandeep
Published: June 2022

The improvement in grain yield characters was the manifestation of improved growth characters as a result of higher uptake of nutrients caused by balanced supply of nutrients in this regard soil test based nutrient management approaches aims provide a scientific basis for balanced fertilization to obtain more yield per unit of fertilizer investment. An experiment was conducted during kharif season 2017-18 in the Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Research Farm, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The cursory glance of data revealed that the bulk density and particle density of soil was found to be non-significant in different levels of fertilizer recommendation based on soil test values. The maximum soil pore space (60.37%) and water retaining capacity (81.25 %) was recorded in treatment T4 [STCR + 5 t FYM]. The maximum available Nitrogen (305.82 kg ha-1), available Phosphorus (26.90 kg ha-1), available Potassium (205.07 kg ha-1) and available Sulphur (14.23 ppm ha-1) in soil was recorded in treatment T8 [STCR + @ 50 % FYM + @ 50 % S]. The maximum seed yield of mustard (11.53 q ha-1) and stover yield (16.03 q ha-1) was associated with the treatment T8 [STCR + @ 50 % FYM + @ 50 % S]. Result showed that that application of T8 [STCR + @ 50 % FYM + @ 50 % S] significantly recorded maximum nutrient content viz. N (2.19%), P (0.23%), K (1.68%) and S (4.8%) content in grain N (1.73%), P (0.21%), K (1.47%) and S (3.9%) content in stover and maximum nutrient uptake viz. N (25.25 kg ha-1), P (2.65 kg ha-1), K (19.37 kg ha-1) and S (55.34 kg ha-1) uptake in grain is and N (27.73 kg ha-1), P (3.36 kg ha-1), K (23.56 kg ha-1) and S (62.51 kg ha-1) uptake in stover.
Study to Identify the Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Post COVID Lung Fibrosis in COVID-19
Authors: Chopra R. K. , Modi Mahavir , Tirpude Sneha , Devi Kaumudi , Gireesh Vishnu , Lonsane Abhijeet , Pandya Aditya , Wankhede Vaibhav , Gandhe Suyash
Published: June 2022

Background: SARS CoV-2 has affected more than 494 millions of people all over across the globe till date. Most lethal infection of SARS-CoV-2 is highly representative of  patients suffering with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [1]. Interstitial thickening, irregular interface, coarse reticular pattern, and parenchymal bands manifesting in the course of the disease might be predictors of pulmonary fibrosis in these  patients [2]. 

Objectives and Methods: Objective of the study is to identify the prevalence and   predictive factors of post covid lung fibrosis in covid-19 patients. The study was conducted in a retrospective manner and included 100 patients in our tertiary care center. HRCT thorax conducted in all patients were evaluated on admission, one month, 3 month and 6 months whereever indicated.

Results: The prevalence of post covid lung fibrosis was 2 % at 6 months , with CT severity score more for elderly male population. In our study we found a significant corelation between clinical severity and post covid fibrosis.

Conclusion: From our study, the post COVID lung changes are reversible, with only 2 % developing  the  post  covid lung fibrosis.
Effect of Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy on the Clinical Periodontal Inflammatory Parameters in \(\beta\)-Thalassemia Major (TM-\(\beta\)) Patients with Gingivitis
Authors: Hanif Ayesha , Quraeshi Saima , Qidwai Asim , Shahid Moazzam Ali , Khan Soban Qadir , Khan Komal , Waqasi Javairia
Published: June 2022

Background: Increased prevalence of gingival diseases in thalassemia patients has been consistently reported. In diseases with neutrophil dysfunctions, periodontal tissue is lost very rapidly. \(\beta\)-thalassemia major (TM- \(\beta\)) patients exhibit defective neutrophils and macrophages. Therefore, supplementary gingival inflammation is detrimental to periodontal tissues in these patients. This warrants attention to specialized oral health care intervention in these patients. This is the pioneer pre and post study that evaluates the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in \(\beta\)-thalassemia major (TM- \(\beta\)) patients with gingivitis. And also reports the prevalence and distribution of disease severity in TM- \(\beta\)patients.

Methods: 31 patients (15 females, 16 males) fulfilling the inclusion criteria were provided with protocol guided NSPT including scaling, polishing and chemical mouthrinse (0.2% CHX). Gingival index (GI), plaque score, Papillary bleeding index (PI) and periodontal pocket depth (PPD) were recorded with a periodontal probe (UNC-15) at baseline and evaluated after 6 weeks of intervention. Paired T-test was applied for GI, PBI and plaque and Wilcoxon signed rank test for PPD at the P-value of <0.05

Results: 86% of the assessed individuals had gingivitis (6% -mild, 44%- moderate and 36% - severe). NSPT showed highly significant (P - <0.000) improvement from baseline to 6 weeks after intervention for all the clinical parameters, GI, PBI, plaque score and PPD.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, the results show that with proper protocol, multidisciplinary approach and careful screening of the patient’s systemic status, TM-\(\beta\)patients with gingivitis respond positively to local measures of plaque control.
Prevalence and Determinants of Gastroparesis Symptoms among T2DM Patients in Tabuk City
Authors: Alanazi Bashayer Dhaifallah , Alhablani Manea , Alanazi Almaha , Balawi Maram Mohsen Al , Alamrani Amani Salem , Albalawi Nujud Abdulqader , Rfadh Shahad Ali , Alfuhaymani Asmaa Musallam , Hashem Faris Abdullah Al
Published: June 2022

Background: Development and progression of gastrointestinal complications in T2DM patients are one of the main contributors in the clinical course of the disease. Therefore, early recognition of gastroparesis is an important issue, despite this is not an easy task.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and identify determinants of gastroparesis symptoms among T2DM patients.

Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia among all patients diagnosed with T2DM patients and attended the chronic illness clinics of King Khalid Armed Forces hospital throughout the period April-May, 2022. An interview questionnaire was utilized including 5 main parts: Demographic data of patients, medical history, weight and height measurements, the most recent hemoglobin A1c, and the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptoms Index (GCSI) to estimate the prevalence of gastroparesis.

Results: The study included 348 T2DM patients. More than half of them (57.8%) were females. Their age ranged between 23 and 75 years with an arithmetic mean±standard deviation of 54±11.3 years. The commonest reported gastroparesis symptoms were stomach fullness (45.1%), nausea (42%), loss of appetite (42%)and feeling excessively full after meals (41.1%). Overall, the prevalence of gastroparesis symptoms among T2DM patients was 11.8%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that females were at high significant risk for developing gastroparesis symptoms compared to males (Adjusted odds ratio “AOR”==2.49, 95% confidence interval “CI”: 1.18-5.27), p=0.016. Participants` glycated hemoglobin level was not significantly associated with gastroparesis symptoms after controlling for confounder effect.

Conclusion: The prevalence of gastroparesis symptoms among T2DM patients was not high. Symptoms were more likely to affect female than male patients. However, they were not independently associated with glycemic control or treatment with metformin.