bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loyalty in the French 17th Century Erudite Discourse
Authors: Terenteva Ekaterina
Published: August 2024

The formation of new bonds of loyalty in early Modern France, which were supposed to connect representatives of the noble estate of the kingdom directly to the figure of the monarch, bypassing traditional patron-client ties, reflected itself in the writings of French scholars. Institutionally connected with the French crown through the positions of historiographers and geographers at the royal court, as well as by their positions in the public service as officials and lawyers, the French erudites bore and expressed the ideology of the strengthening the French absolutism. Various genealogies and extensive genealogical histories of French noble families composed by the erudites were connected with the process of clarifying the boundaries of the noble estate, as well as with promoting an idea of loyalty to the crown as a highest value. Since the turn of the sixteenth and 17th centuries, the figure of the monarch in erudite treatises within the context of the idea of loyalty became increasingly abstract,  names of the particular kings having almost completely disappeared from the dedications of erudite works. At the same time, the idea of loyalty to France as a whole was gaining strength, while France in itself was also designated as the “fatherland” (patrie) and was perceived not only as a unity of territories, but above all as a set of institutions and people. In addition to loyalty to a depersonalized homeland and  to the more and more abstract figure of French monarch, a different kind of loyalty emerged in the 17th century erudite discourse, as the one which focused on the personalities of statesmen who often headed the institutions to which the authors of the corresponding works belonged. The service of these persons for the glory of France and the French crown was particularly emphasized. The topics of erudite writings ranging from the history of the various French institutions,  the French monarchy and the French church to positions, dignities and titles, from the French language to the material remnants of French history (“antiquities”) also directed the reader’s mind to the idea of  service and loyalty towards France. However, the formation of the idea of loyalty in the French erudite discourse was of dual and ambivalent nature. On the one hand, it is impossible to deny the trend of developing loyalty of a depersonalized nature, focused primarily on France and the French monarchy. On the other hand, the dedications of the erudite writings make it obvious that there was a network of personal connections of the erudites with leading statesmen of the era, who were often at the same time both their superiors in the service and patrons of their intellectual pursuits. These statesmen may be considered as personifications of the institutions of the same extraterritorial France, to which the loyalty of the French scholars has largely belonged.
In Search of Lost Unity: Creating and the First Period of Publication of the Magazine “Problems of Peace and Socialism” in Prague (1958—1964)
Authors: Pivovarov Nikita
Published: August 2024

The article, based on archival documents, examines the process of creating a common printing press for the world communist movement — the magazine “Problems of Peace and Socialism”, and the first stage of the work of the magazine’s editorial office in Prague, covering the period from 1958 to 1964. Already at the stage of developing the journal project, discussions arose among its potential participants about the feasibility of such a body. As the authors show, according to the documents of The Central Committee of the CPSU, there was no expressed interest of the top Soviet leadership in creating such an information environment, with the exception of numerous initiatives of the head of the International Department of The Central Committee of the CPSU B. N. Ponomarev. Also, the leaders of a number of influential parties in Italy, Yugoslavia, Poland and China were generally skeptical about the idea of a common magazine for the communist camp. Less influential parties, on the contrary, spoke positively, because belonging to the camp of communists and socialists increased their importance and, to some extent, provided authority in internal affairs. The first period of the magazine’s work showed that the absence of a strict editorial policy, which would be directed from Moscow, among the editorial member parties gave rise to discussions that did not always end in the development of a consensus opinion. The work of the magazine was also affected by the political situation, a clear confirmation of which was the crisis in Soviet-Chinese relations and, as a consequence, the withdrawal of China from its editorial staff. At the grassroots level, in the initial period, there was also a contradiction between the goals and objectives of the magazine and their implementation by the editorial staff. Relative freedom of thought, supported by editor-in-chief A. M. Rumyantsev, led to the formation of “revisionist ideas” among employees who, after their stay in Prague, returned to the Soviet Union, held posts in departments of The Central Committee of the CPSU and scientific institutes, but at the same time stood in hidden opposition to the existing system.
Ukrainian Conflict Through the Prism of Sociolinguistic Isomorphism
Authors: Kornienko Olga Yu.
Published: August 2024

The problem of reflecting the social reactions of society to the complex economic and political problems of our time objectively is becoming increasingly relevant in the modern world. The article is set to analyze how it is possible to monitor the perception of trends in the interaction of states by society, monitoring new word-formation mechanisms and neologisms of the language. The approach is illustrated on the example of the Russian society attitude to what is happening in Ukraine, considering also the reaction of Ukrainians to Russia's actions. Objectivity is ensured through the use of the author's method of “sociolinguistic isomorphism”, which establishes the links between socio-political changes in the state and those linguistic mechanisms that the nation uses, when reflecting them through the language units. The study relies on the materials of domestic and Ukrainian mass media, using also theoretical approaches of Russian and foreign scientists. The specificity of the research tasks involves general scientific approaches of political, sociological and philological sciences. The analysis is carried out with the involvement of numerous sources of practical material. The latter implies the sarcastic mood of a rather tolerant Russian society towards “foreigners”, and especially towards Ukrainians in the conditions of the Special Military Operation. The language material of related blogs, forums, social networks, official and unofficial publications demonstrates an even greater rejection by the inhabitants of Ukraine of everything connected with the Russian world. The basis for the analysis of practical linguistic material was the linguistic field of ethnophaulisms and other neologisms formed by blending or coming in the form of new borrowings with multifaceted connotations.
On the Question of the Legal Status of Mountainous Southwestern Taurika in the 6th — First Half of the 9th Century
Authors: Mogarichev Yuriy
Published: August 2024

Issue of the legal status (state affiliation) of the mountainous Southwest Crimea is important for better understanding of political, ethnic and religious development of the region in early Middle Ages. The entire set of sources is evidence of its being controlled by the Byzantine Empire. But the issue of the exercise of power by the Romans, its form, as well as the period when the territory began its existence as “interior” part of Byzantine is still a matter of dispute. There are two chronological references. First, “The Buildings”, a treatise by Procopius of Caesarea, who mentioned in it the land of Dory between Chersoneses and Bosporus, whose inhabitants (Goths) had been allies of the Empire before the early 560s. Secondly, a number of sources inform that Byzantine authorities set up the theme of Cherson (Klimata) in the Crimea (about 841). The creation of the theme is certain evidence for incorporation of the former land of Dory (Klimata, Gothia) into the Byzantine Empire. In the author’s opinion, the set of the aforementioned sources has no evidence to conclude that the mountainous Southwest Crimea/Taurica had been a Byzantine “interior” territory before the creation of Klimata.
On the Characteristics of Cotton Weaving and Fabrics in the Central Regions of Central Asia at the End of the 19th — Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Emelyanenko Tatyana
Published: August 2024

The article examines the traditions and features of the evolution of cotton weaving in the oases of the central regions of Central Asia after its annexation to Russia. The development of commercial cotton growing in the region contributed to the growth of the Russian textile industry and the import of factory-made cotton fabrics, which competed with the products of local cotton weavers. The article provides historical information about Central Asian cotton weaving and characteristics of the main types of handicraft fabrics (karbos, kalami, hosa and daka, alocha), which were produced in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, with a detailed description of their technological and ornamental features, mainly based on artifacts in museum collections. The changes that occurred in artisanal cotton weaving and in each type of artisanal fabric during this period are shown, in their existence under the influence of new socio-economic conditions. It is noted that an important factor in improving the traditional assortment was the use by weavers of finer and smoother factory yarn, modern dyes that expand the color range, and a variety of ornamental techniques. At the same time, the conservative attitude of the population towards “foreign” fabrics limited their mass distribution and contributed to the sustainable preservation of the production and existence of traditional fabrics, primarily in areas where cotton weaving has long been highly developed.
Loyalty and Disloyalty of the Manorial and Borough Custom in the Medieval England
Authors: Vinokurova Marina
Published: August 2024

The article gives an idea of custom’s functioning — as a legal phenomenon — in a social sphere of medieval English manor and borough. Fixed in the records, traditional behavioral norms acted as the norms of local law; their influence on the social development of medieval England hardly can be overestimated. It goes without saying that custom might be regarded as a reliable basis of social and legal system of medieval England as well as a foundation of its feudal law, largely based on traditions and precedents. Loyal attitude of the customs towards a number of manorial and borough categories of the country had an objective background and rather often was defined by the material (economic) factors. But herewith, custom revealed itself not only as a reasonable socio-economic regulator; as well it was a moral phenomenon, binding local “social peace” and ensuring normal flow of everyday life. In a special way arranging everyday life, it gave a kind of dignity to medieval social system. Medieval custom wasn’t loyal in a case of social or moral norm’s violating. Not without reason it was mostly disloyal to the strangers, who introduced anarchy into social systems of medieval manor and borough, as well to the townsfolk, breaking public interests and in this way punching a kind of gap in a habitually hierarchical, relatively balanced order of the medieval everyday life.
The Contribution of Soviet Armenia in the Space Industry of the USSR and Space Exploration
Authors: Khachatryan Karen
Published: August 2024

The article shows that Armenian scientists, science, research institutes, scientific and production associations, development organizations and industry of Soviet Armenia took a significant part in the space industry of the USSR and in the exploration of outer space. One of the leading organizations for space exploration was the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR. In the republic, developments were carried out to create automatic orbital astrophysical observatories for scientific research on artificial satellites and space rockets, to create space electroactive engines, space observation systems, ultra-long-range space communications, precision equipment for measuring the orbital parameters of artificial Earth satellites, etc.
Russia and the Vatican: 25 Years of Scientific Cooperation
Authors: Tokareva Evgenia
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the current topic of scientific cooperation between the Institute of Universal History of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the scientific structures of the Vatican — the Pontifical Committee of Historical Sciences, the Pontifical Gregorian University, etc. Both the scientific and public importance of ongoing research, joint projects and conferences is emphasized. In these studies, the topics studied are considered through the prism of perception of the “other” in the context of secularization and postcolonial processes, economic and ideological confrontation in different periods of history, in an international political, economic and cultural context. A number of events were devoted to extremely important aspects of cultural history and intercultural interaction — values and behavioral patterns. During these projects and events, certain areas of research crystallized: attention to the social aspects of the history of religious processes, which were considered both in the process of political transformations and in the process of identity formation and the construction of historical memory, the study of the religious factor in the history of international politics and international relations. They confirmed the usefulness of continuing and developing cooperation between the Russian Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches, representatives of secular science and creativity for the development of a dialogue of cultures and civilizations, for the creation of a peaceful and just society, for the affirmation of genuine spiritual and moral values in it.
“Sea-Kings” in Old Norse-Icelandic Sources
Authors: Jackson Tatjana
Published: August 2024

The paper deals with the “sea kings” who are mentioned in the works of Old Norse-Icelandic literature. An attempt is made to present all possible references contained in the sources: in sagas of various types and þættir, as well as in treatises on poetics and in skaldic poetry. As can be seen from prose works, the definition sækonungr “sea king” could be applied to the sons of local petty kings who during the summers participated in Viking campaigns but spent the winters on land and completed their military career as heirs of their fathers or rulers of captured territories. The set of names of the “sea kings” in treatises on poetics significantly exceeds the number of names mentioned by skalds, which the compilers of the lists themselves were probably aware of. Skalds used a certain fixed set of names, which in each individual stanza could, according to its general context and the defined word, be perceived as a name of the “sea king”. The prosaic and poetic spheres of the use of the word sækonungr are extremely far from each other, and the composite itself cannot in any way be considered a (social) term.
Vsevolod Yurievich (Big Nest) in 1169—1183: From Dmitrok to the Vladimir Prince
Authors: Kuznetsov Andrey
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the period 1169—1183 in the biography of the Vladimir prince Vsevolod Yuryevich (1154—1212). This prince lost his father early and spent his childhood until 1169 in Byzantium. Therefore, the period of its political formation fell on 1169—1183. During this time, he rose from a “second-rank” prince to the ruler of North-Eastern Rus'. The conditions and events in which Vsevolod’s personal political experience took place are presented in the article. Particular attention is paid to identifying the individual political behavior of Prince Vsevolod Yuryevich. According to the author, it was due to the peculiarities of the prince’s biography in 1157—1169.
Novgorodian Embassies to the Rurikids (According to the First Novgorod Chronicle)
Authors: Lavrenchenko Maria
Published: August 2024

Thе article focused on Novgorodian embassies to the members of the Rurik dynasty in the First Novgorodian Chronicle. Novgorod as a political community was in close connection with the rulers of Rus’; and because the city was unable to use dynasty relations in diplomatic actions, it made its own instruments. As a rule, а Novgorodian embassy was led by a posadnik or an archbishop, and their retinue could be counted from a few persons to a large delegation. Most often the purpose of a Novgorodian embassy was to invite a prince to the Novgorodian throne and to accompany him with an honorary escort to the city. Sometimes Novgorodians sent peace missions to other lands of the medieval Rus’ or participated in political disputes about its future. Novgorodian envoys often faced danger from competitors, and the diplomats themselves could be arrested for a long time if the conditions of a treaty became not appropriate for a political partner. Ambassadors could be even forced to accompany a prince in a military campaign as it happened to Miroshka Nezdinich. Such situations, however, had not completely paralyzed Novgorodian policy but stopped Novgorodians from sending persons which were crucially important for Novgorod in diplomatic missions; the city replaced them with the members of non-posadnic families. Several situations may be distinguished, when in circumstances politically hard for the Novgorod community the archbishop had not participated in embassies. Diplomatic mission also could be led by administrative persons such as tysjatskie, sotskie and priests of the important Novgorodian churches.
Performance Issues of Regional Organizations in Central Asia
Authors: Koichumanova Cholpon
Published: August 2024

Throughout the entire period of independence in Central Asia, attempts have been made repeatedly to implement integration projects in a variety of areas, including the economy. These initiatives include the Central Asian Economic Community (CAEC), the Central Asian Union (CAU), Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC), and the Customs Union. In the field of politics and security, such integration associations as the Collective Security Treaty (CSTO), the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA) were created. However, with the exception of the SCO, all other integration associations have not achieved much success. For the most part, they became a declaration of the intentions and aspirations of the initiators, which did not receive proper practical implementation. Over the course of three decades of development of post-Soviet Central Asia, the search for a model of integration unification on an economic basis has been an important element of the development strategy of the countries of the region and determining their place on the economic and political map of the world. However, multilateral economic interaction within the framework of the first integration projects in Central Asia was not widely developed and attempts to create a single economic space failed. At the moment, the countries of the region have not even overcome the first stage of the formation of economic integration.
The “Jewish Lobby” in the Assessments of the US Periodical Press 1917—1948
Authors: Buranok Sergey
Published: August 2024

The study examines the process of assessing the activities of the “Jewish lobby” in US newspapers. The American press started paying more attention to the actions of the American Zionist Organization in 1917. A study of US newspapers revealed that assessments of the Jewish lobby went through three stages. First stage 1917—1922 characterized by the appearance of articles and notes on the activities of the American Zionist Organization and its most influential leaders. Second stage 1922—1945 is associated with a shift in the focus of the US periodical press in the activities of the “Jewish lobby” to global internal and external events. The third stage, 1945—1948: a sharp increase in the activity of the US press in covering the “Palestinian question”.
The Soviet Public Prosecution in the 1920s. Traditions and Innovations
Authors: Fedoseenkov Nikolay
Published: August 2024

The public prosecution formation in the RSFSR in 1922 was an attempt by the Soviet state to move from the priority of revolutionary expediency to the supremacy of law. 200 years before that, the public prosecution appeared in Russia, also after wars and far-reaching reforms, as a body which became necessary in post-reform Russia. Comparing the missions that the state faced in different epochs and the methods of their executions, the author proves that many traditions and methods of public prosecution, established in 1722 by Emperor Peter I, were actualized after the revolution and the civil war, when the judicial system centralization and a more serious attitude to the legal personnel education were required. In both epochs, during the public prosecution starting period, the bribery control among bureaucrats was the most important. From the very first days of its existence, the Soviet public prosecution began to adjust the legislation in the direction of tightening sanctions against bribe takers. Equating bribery with counterrevolution is comparable to treating corrupt officials as state traitors. Soviet Russia leadership unwittingly took advantage of Peter the Great experience, which was useful in the years of the Soviet statehood formation.
The Formation of the Legislature in Iceland
Authors: Litovskikh Elena
Published: August 2024

In the first period of Icelandic history (9th — 13th centuries), the formation of the institutions of its state power took place. They were formed according to the Scandinavian model, taking into account local specifics. In addition to the regional þingar, a general meeting of eligible residents began to gather in Iceland — the alþingi, which was presided over by a law-speaker (lǫgsǫgumaðr). In the absence of a supreme centralized authority, law-speakers were the most influential people in the country, figures so significant that their names served as chronomarkers. However, not much information has been preserved in the sources about the first Icelandic law-speaker, Hrafn Hængsson. The details of his life, unlike other representatives of his clan, are practically unknown; most of the information about him is preserved in the Landnámabók, Egils saga and Orms þáttr Stórólfssonar.
Interpretation of the Biblical Story of Lucifer’s Rebellion and the Fall of Men and the Idea of Loyalty in Medieval Society
Authors: Metlitskaya Zoya
Published: August 2024

As one can see the story of Lucifer’s rebellion and the Fall of Men presented in the traditional Christian narratives differs radically from its Old Testament source. Early Christian authors regard the Fall of Angels and the Fall of Men as the examples of the sin of pride. From the 6th century the emphasis has shifted: the rebellion of Lucifer and the Fall of Men appear as a violation of loyalty to the ruler (God). As a result, religious didactic was replaced by a social one: the violation of the Order of Things was represented as a violation of the obligations of loyalty existed in medieval society. Interpretation of well known biblical narratives in a socio-political perspective might serve twofold goal. On the one hand, evident references to familiar political realities could made biblical episodes more understandable to audience. On the other hand, this narratives could contain in addition to moral and instructive, also an actual political message. A person who violated the obligations of loyalty or made the wrong choice in a situation of competing loyalties could be seen in this context as akin to a proud Archangel or fallen forefathers of Men. God severely punished such crimes, so the cruel deeds of the earthly rulers looked completely justified.
“Everyone Enters the Red Army...”: Problems of Recruiting the Soviet Armed Forces in the First (Pre-Brest) Period of Their History (Late 1917 — March 1918)
Authors: Bezugolniy Aleksej
Published: August 2024

The recruitment of the Red Army personnel during the Russian Civil War was carried out in a situation when the army of the young Soviet Republic itself was just being created. The central and local military administration bodies responsible for accounting for human resources and manning the armed forces were being rebuilt; an appropriate regulatory framework was being formed. The lack of legislation regulating the military service of citizens, well-established institutions of military registration and mobilization, as well as the underdevelopment and weakness of local authorities determined the fact that initially the recruitment of the army could only be carried out on a voluntary basis. The first stage of the construction of the Red Army (until June 1918) is the only period in the history of the Russian armed forces when they were staffed only by volunteers. The article is devoted to the analysis of the first, most «romantic» stage of the construction of the Red Army, which ended simultaneously with the signing by the Soviet government of the “obscene” Brest Peace and the realization of the urgent need to switch to the regular basis of the construction of the armed forces.
The Soviet and U.S. Policies towards Venezuela in the Context of the Latin American Revolutionary Movement (1958—1969)
Authors: Manukhin Alexey
Published: August 2024

The article deals with the Venezuelan problem in the Latin American politics of the USSR and the USA from the late 1950s to the late 1960s. After the fall of the dictatorship of Marcos Perez Jimenez in 1958, Moscow and Washington closely monitored the direction of socio-economic and political development of Venezuela. The Soviet leadership made efforts to establish contacts with the ruling elite of Venezuela. The deployment of the armed struggle against the government by the Communist Party of Venezuela (Partido Comunista de Venezuela, PCV) and the Revolutionary Movement of the Left (Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionario, MIR) was generally welcomed by the Soviet party and state leadership. However, the desire of the Venezuelan Radical Left to copy the experience of the Cuban Revolution and achieve a quick seizure of power did not correspond to the doctrines concerning the role of communist parties in developing countries. The CPSU tried to set the Venezuelan communists on a peaceful path, which could subsequently lead them to participate in political life. In turn, the United States placed great importance on Venezuela as part of its policy of strengthening capitalism and countering the threat of the spread of leftist ideas in the Western Hemisphere. At the same time, American strategists considered undesirable the excessive strengthening of the Venezuelan armed forces. Against this background, containing Cuba’s “subversive activities” in Venezuela became a difficult task for the United States, including due to attempts by the governments of Romulo Betancourt (1959—1964) and Raul Leoni (1964—1969) to use the “Red Menace” as trump card in negotiations with Washington. The stabilization of the political regime in Venezuela with the rise to power of Rafael Caldera in 1969 was positively perceived in the USSR and the USA.
The “Court” against the “Country”? The Perceptions of Loyalty During the Reign of William III (1689—1702)
Authors: Knyazev Pavel
Published: August 2024

The article deals with the perception of “loyalty” within English public sphere during the reign of the stadholder-king William III (1650—1702). The position of this ruler was rather complicated - in his native Dutch Republic, adherents of anti-Orangist ideas abstained from being loyal to William, while the acquisition of the three British crowns by William during the Glorious Revolution was disputed by the Jacobites, who supported the deposed king James II. In this regard, William's followers had to combine in their propaganda various arguments aimed at “forging” loyalty to the stadholder-king. On the basis of a wide range of sourcesб such as pamphlets, declarations and sermons — the author considers the main features of the propaganda created by the supporters of the new regime. The article shows that images of loyalty were systematically exploited by political factions during William’s reign. Their representatives sought to appear in the eyes of the public loyal to the monarch, and to accuse their opponents of pursuing private interests. In the pamphlets of that time, there are also images of ‘false’ loyalty, of its imitation: for example, the Tories accused the Whigs of overemphasizing their loyalty to William and to the ‘Protestant interest’ in order to strengthen their own power. The party, which was in opposition, the 'country party', sought to present the faction close to power as the ‘court party’ that lacked the real loyalty both to the monarch and to the nation.
Aprender com a prática: conhecendo o acolhimento em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto Juvenil
Authors: Figueiredo Adriana Maria de , Sabino Marcus Vinícius de  Souza , Peixoto Diogo Fontana , Santos Marcela Alves de Lima , Nunes Adelina Malvina Barbosa , Abranches Carla Santiago de Resende
Published: August 2024

O acolhimento é uma diretriz da atenção psicossocial de crianças e adolescentes, em que Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSij) têm as portas abertas aos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Esse estudo foi desenvolvido a partir da experiência de articulação entre a unidade de saúde, o CAPSij de Mariana - MG, e a Escola de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto em ações de ensino-serviço. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar de forma descritiva os acolhimentos e contribuir para orientar os processos de trabalho do CAPSij. O estudo teve caráter descritivo, abordagem quantitativa e foi realizado com informações coletadas do “Caderno de Acolhimento”, um dispositivo de monitoramento das demandas que chegam à unidade criado pela equipe. Como resultados, o estudo permitiu levantar que a maioria das crianças e adolescentes acolhidos são do sexo biológico masculino. Quase metade dos indivíduos chegam à unidade por demanda espontânea. As queixas mais frequentes são problemas de comportamento social, tais como conflitos familiares, agitação, pouca socialização, timidez e alterações de comportamento. Em segundo lugar está a categoria de sintomas depressivos/isolamento e a terceira queixa mais presente foi a queixa escolar, relacionada com dificuldade de aprendizado, pouca autonomia, desatenção e baixo rendimento escolar. Conclui-se que, com alta demanda espontânea, o CAPSij precisa aprimorar ações com os usuários e parceiros intersetoriais como as escolas, para que obtenham o cuidado mais indicado para cada situação. As ferramentas de registro do acolhimento promovem ações em saúde mais compatíveis com as necessidades dos usuários.
Assessment of regulatory ecosystem services of green plants in urban ecosystems
Authors: Vyshenska Iryna , Melnyk Yelyzaveta
Published: August 2024

The article presents the results of research on the assessment of ecosystem services of green tree stands on the territory of the first academic campus of the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy using the MyTree tool. It is a part of the i-Tree tool set developed by the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) of the comprehensive program, designed to assess the ecosystem services provided by individual trees or small groups of trees. Research has established that the most important regulatory services were carbon dioxide absorption, microclimate regulation, energy saving, air purification from ozone and sulfur dioxide. Calculations by the MyTree tool show the annual cost of tree planting services on campus and its projected cumulative growth after 20 years. According to the calculations of the MyTree tool, this year’s cost of tree plantation services of the first academic campus of the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was $847.29, and according to forecasts, after 20 years it will cumulatively increase to $18,895.36. Estimates of the cost of individual components of regulatory ecosystem services are provided. The cumulative estimate over the next 20 years for CO2 sequestration was $4,129.15, which includes the sequestration of 21,963.55 kg of carbon. Air purification for 20 years is estimated at $1,342.66, which includes absorption and neutralization of 656.24 kg of O3, 117.47 kg of SO2, 54.45 kg of NO2, and 34.26 kg of solid dust particles PM2.5. Energy savings are estimated at $10,791.14, which includes energy savings of 100,448.21 kW. The tree species Aesculus hippocastanum (Bitter chestnut), Picea abies (European spruce), Picea pungens (Blue spruce), Betula pendula (Hanging birch) and Ulmus laevis (Smooth elm) provide the highest value of services. The results of this study can be used in the future to improve the planning and management of green areas of the university campus, taking into account the value of their ecosystem services.In general, the study confirmed the importance of monitoring and evaluating the ecosystem services of green spaces in urban ecosystems for making sustainable decisions regarding the development of urban areas, supporting the well-being and health of the population.
On the Problems in Implementing Provisions of Article 41 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in Ensuring the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of Residents of Cities with Federal Status (on the Example of Sevastopol)
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Chuprin Denis A. , Nikonov Fedor B. ,   Head of MOSREMONT Street and Public Space Maintenance Department of State Budgetary Institution of the City of Moscow
Published: August 2024

In the present article the questions connected with problems of practical realization of constitutional rights of citizens to health protection, ecological and sanitary-epidemiological well-being, the right to favorable environment at handling solid municipal wastes (SMW) in cities of federal significance on the example of Sevastopol city are considered.
Law-Making Strategies in the Area of Municipal Territorial and Spatial Development: Issues of Harmonization
Authors:   Degree-Seeking Student of the Department of Theory of Law and Comparative Legal Studies, Kiskin Evgeny V.
Published: August 2024

The paper is dedicated to comprehending the issues surrounding municipal territorial and spatial development in the context of the concept of a law-making strategy. The author defines the latter as a special communicative model of law-making organization, which provides a coherent framework for the construction of the desired future. The author reviews the principal stages of the law-making strategy in their application to municipal territorial development, which the author considers an integral component of spatial development. The thesis that there is a need to harmonize approaches to the municipal territorial organization and the definition of reference settlements during the development of the strategy of spatial development of Russia for the period up to 2030 is substantiated.
The Right to the City vs. the Right of Access to Cultural Values: Urban Development and Cultural Heritage
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Public Law of the Law Faculty of the State Academic University for the Humanities, Smirnov Danila S.
Published: August 2024

In this research paper, an analysis of the current procedure for excluding cultural heritage objects (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation from the Unified State Register of Cultural Heritage Objects (Historical and Cultural Monuments) of the Peoples of the Russian Federation (USRCHO) is carried out. A unique algorithm of actions for Russia is proposed to optimize the number of cultural heritage sites of regional significance included in the USRCHO, which assumes the transfer of authority to exclude the specified group of cultural heritage objects from the USRCHO to the Government of Moscow through the conclusion of an agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Moscow. The reasons for the proposed innovation are caused by the length of the decision to exclude a particular cultural heritage object of regional significance from the USRCHO due to the protracted procedures for coordinating such issues with the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and structural divisions of the Government of the Russian Federation. As a positive effect, it is expected to accelerate the procedure for excluding cultural heritage sites of regional significance from the USRCHO, which will significantly increase the productivity of the work of the regional executive authority in the field of protection of cultural heritage sites. The study was conducted within the framework of the city of Moscow, which does not prevent the possibility of extending the proposed mechanism to other subjects of the Russian Federation after testing the results of functioning in the pilot region.
On the Issue of Creation of Guaranteeing Management Companies by Local Self-Government Authorities
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Public Law of Russia and Foreign Countries of the Mari State University, Zolotarev Ivan V. , Mikheeva Tatyana N. ,   Professor of the Department of Public Law of Russia and Foreign Countries of the Mari State University, LL.D.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the work is to analyze the existing problems in the field of management of multi-apartment residential buildings in the territories of municipalities, including the reasons why such houses remain without management by management organizations, homeowners' associations or housing cooperatives. The norms of housing legislation providing for the choice of a method of managing residential buildings are analyzed, including those establishing the duties of local governments to hold open tenders in cases where the above-mentioned method of management has not been chosen by the owners of residential premises, or has not been implemented by them. The conclusion is formulated about the need to create guaranteeing management organizations in an organizational and legal form — municipal unitary enterprises. It is proposed to amend the Housing Code of the Russian Federation in order to create such organizations, as well as to amend the Federal Law “On Protection of Competition”, which will give local governments the right to create guaranteeing management organizations.
Efecto de dos tipos de contenedores y dos tipos de fertilización en el crecimiento de patrones de cacao (Theobroma cacao L) bajo condiciones de vivero
Authors: Rivera Rojas Milton , Caballero-Lopez A.R. , Arias-Rojas J.A. , Romero-Barrera Y. , Lombo-Ortiz D.F.
Published: August 2024

Colombia cuenta actualmente con un Plan Nacional para la gestión sostenible de plásticos de un solo uso, el cual propone en una de sus metas para el año 2030, que el 100 % de los plásticos de un solo uso, sean reutilizables, reciclables o compostables. A partir de esta necesidad, este proyecto de investigación se propuso como objetivo general la validación técnica de la producción de plántulas de cacao a partir del uso de un medio de propagación aséptico, definido comercialmente como Espuma Agrícola, sustrato a base de arenas y cales. La investigación se desarrolló en el vivero para La Paz ubicado en el Centro de Investigación Motilonia de Agrosavia, el cual es administrado por la Compañía Nacional de Chocolates. Como parámetro de comparación se tomó el protocolo de producción de plántulas a partir del uso de bolsas plásticas, el cual está estandarizado por la compañía nacional de chocolates. Se evaluaron dos tipos de fertilización y dos tipos de contenedores (sustratos) incluida la espuma agrícola. Se encontró que existe una interacción entre el tipo de contenedor, tipo de fertilizante y el tiempo de la planta en vivero; mostrando que a los 90 d el mejor tratamiento en cuanto a la materia seca total de planta (MSP) fue la Espuma Agrícola con fertilización granular. Finalmente, los resultados muestran que el uso de la espuma es una tecnología viable para el desarrollo de plántulas de cacao dirigidas a patronaje.
Propiedades de gelificación de carne de jaiba (Callinectes sapidus) adicionada con gelatina y transglutaminasa microbiana
Authors: Cortés Morales Edgar Alan , Martínez Maldonado Miguel Ángel , Morales Sánchez Eduardo , Uresti Marín Rocío M , Ramírez de León José Alberto , Velazquez Gonzalo
Published: August 2024

Las proteínas de la carne de cangrejo generalmente se separan de su caparazón después de la cocción, lo que implica una agregación térmica tipo coágulo, que induce problemas relacionados con su capacidad de retención de agua, lo que limita sus alternativas de procesamiento posteriores. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la adición de gelatina y transglutaminasa microbiana (MTgasa) sobre las propiedades de geles obtenidos de carne de jaiba azul (Callinectes sapidus) previamente cocida. La carne de jaiba que se sometió a 3 ciclos de lavado-prensado con agua fría, utilizando una relación 3:1 agua-carne y se mezcló con 0 a 3 % de gelatina y 0.5 % de MTgasa, se embutió en tubos de acero inoxidable y se cocieron a 90 ºC durante 15 min en agua caliente. Se determinaron las propiedades mecánicas (análisis del perfil de textura, módulo de Young y tensión máxima), color, agua extraíble e imágenes micrográficas (SEM). Los resultados mostraron que la gelatina interaccionó con las proteínas de la carne de jaiba y la MTgasa utilizó ambas proteínas como sustrato para formar una red estructurada. Las propiedades mecánicas del gel dependieron del nivel de gelatina añadido, con mejores resultados a menor cantidad. La cantidad de agua extraible se redujo mediante la adición de 3 % de gelatina.
COMPILING OF CONVENTIONAL MEDIA-BASED LANGUAGE GAME BOOK FOR ARABIC BOOK AT MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH MALANG
Authors: Mi'rotin Sholikah , Rosyidi Abdul Wahab , Arifa Zakiyah
Published: August 2024

Teachers who are joined the deliberation of Arabic subject teacher at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Malang had several problems in Arabic learning which were the students found the Arabic learning process was difficult, some students in grade seven did not graduate from Madrasah Ibtidaiyah or haven’t a prior foundation in Arabic. Therefore, the researcher compiled a language game book to provide illustration to the students that Arabic is an easy and fun lesson. The purpose of this research is: to describe the compiling of conventional media-based language game book for Arabic book, to find out the feasibility of the compiling book, and to find out the effectiveness of the compiling book. Method of the study applied is Research and Development the ADDIE model. The study results: 1) The conventional media-based language game book contains of language game steps. Each game includes the game objectives, time duration, game nature, equipment, game material, game preparation, game procedure, and game example. 2) The developed book is valid for use, reaching a good criterion from a material expert and design expert, and reaching a very good criterion from an Arabic teacher.3) The result of t-count is greater than the value of t-table, which is 5.56 2.16, meaning that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected hence it can be said that conventional media-based language game book is effective in increasing students’ competence in the Arabic learning at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Malang.
CURRICULUM MODEL OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION AT ALMAARIF SINGOSARI TECHNOLOGY ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL
Authors: Hasan Faisal Ghufron
Published: August 2024

Indonesia as a democratic country faces various social challenges such as conflict, disharmony and inequality. In dealing with this, Islamic teachings regarding the concept of wasathiyah (moderation) become relevant. This concept includes tawassuth (middle), i'tidal (fair), and tawazun (balanced), which, if applied, can calm various aspects of life without extremism or fanaticism. Education, especially through institutions such as Islamic boarding schools, plays an important role in teaching these values of moderation. The Islamic boarding school education system which combines a general curriculum and intensive religious education is considered effective in instilling the values of religious moderation. This research aims to identify the religious moderation curriculum model at the Almaarif Singosari Islamic Boarding School in the intensive Islamic boarding school program, understand its objectives, and its application in education. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results show that the intensive Islamic boarding school program has succeeded in integrating religious and national values, as well as forming students' characters who are moderate, tolerant, and have noble morals. It is hoped that these findings will help educational institutions, parents, and the government in understanding and implementing the religious moderation curriculum to prevent extremism and radicalism in Indonesia.
RELATIONSHIP OF TEACHER COMPETENCY TO THE QUALITY OF STUDENTS
Authors: Mubarok Mochamad Wildan
Published: August 2024

This research examines the relationship between teacher competence and the quality of students in secondary schools. Teacher competency, which includes pedagogical knowledge, teaching skills, and professional attitudes, is considered a key factor in determining the quality of education. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a correlational approach, and data was collected through literature study. The results of the analysis show that teacher competence has a significant influence on the quality of students in various aspects, including academic achievement, social skills, emotional well-being and moral development. Strong pedagogical competence in teachers is correlated with increased student academic achievement, while teacher personality and social competence plays an important role in developing students' social skills and morality. These findings support previous literature which emphasizes the importance of teacher competence in education. This research suggests that teacher professional development programs should focus more on strengthening all aspects of competency to improve the quality of education holistically. The implications of this research are highly relevant for policy makers and educational practitioners in designing more effective interventions to improve educational outcomes.
TEACHER COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE EDUCATION QUALITY
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Aqil
Published: August 2024

Education is the main foundation for sustainable community development and increasing the nation's competitiveness in the era of globalization. The role of teachers as the spearhead in the teaching-learning process is vital in determining the future of the younger generation. However, not all teachers have adequate competencies to face new challenges in education. This study aims to identify effective teacher competency development strategies for improving the quality of education. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literature study approach to analyze various strategies that have been documented in the literature. The results of the analysis show that the development of pedagogical, technological, managerial, and social competencies is essential to improve the quality of learning. Institutional support, and collaboration among teachers, as well as the involvement of parents and the government, are key to the success of teacher competency development. The implications of this research are significant in formulating more effective education policies and teaching practices, with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of education globally.