bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The protective role of anti‐parkinsonian drugs in pancreatic cancer risk: A comprehensive case–control study in Taiwan
Authors: Yang Hsuan‐Chia , Chou Wen‐Chi , Nguyen Phung‐Anh , Nguyen Nhi Thi Hong , Phuong Nguyen Thi , Wang Ching‐Huan , Hsu Jason C. , Lin Ming‐Chin , Huang Chih‐Wei
Published: December 2024

Pancreatic cancer is among the deadliest cancers, with a grim prognosis despite advances in treatment. We conducted a population‐based case–control study from Taiwan, linking Health and Welfare Data Science Center data to the Taiwan Cancer Registry, which offers a promising strategy for its treatment through drug repurposing. The study aims to identify the association of anti‐parkinsonian drugs with pancreatic cancer risk across different age groups. The analysis encompassed 18,921 pancreatic cancer cases and 75,684 matched controls, employing conditional logistic regression to assess the impact of anti‐parkinsonian drugs on the risk of pancreatic cancer. Key findings revealed a statistically significant association of the administration with specific anti‐parkinsonian medications, including anticholinergic agents, tertiary amines, dopa derivatives, and dopamine receptor agonists, with a reduction in pancreatic cancer risk. These associations were represented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs), ranging from 0.620 (95% CI 0.470–0.810) to 0.764 (95% CI 0.655–0.891). Further, age‐stratified analysis revealed variations in efficacy across different age groups. Anticholinergic agents and tertiary amines exhibited greater effectiveness in the 40–64‐year age group (aOR, 0.653; 95% CI, 0.489–0.872), whereas dopa derivatives and dopamine receptor agonists were particularly efficacious in the cohort aged ≥65 years (aOR, 0.728; 95% CI, 0.624–0.850 and aOR, 0.665; 95% CI, 0.494–0.894, respectively). Notably, specific drugs such as trihexyphenidyl, levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (DDCI), and pramipexole demonstrated a significant decrease in cancer risk, especially in the elderly population. These preliminary findings can contribute to the possible therapeutic role of anti‐parkinsonian drugs in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Redefining Diagnostic Cut‐Offs for the Indirect Water Deprivation Test
Authors: Akkara Yash , Narula Kavita , Lazarus Katharine , Papadopoulou Deborah , Choudhury Sirazum , Martin Niamh , Meeran Karim
Published: December 2024

Objective

An incorrect diagnosis of arginine vasopressin deficiency and resistance (AVP‐D and AVP‐R) results in the potentially dangerous use of desmopressin in healthy individuals. The water deprivation test is a central diagnostic test in patients with polydipsia polyuria syndrome (PPS). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the current interpretation of reference ranges.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of 135 patients who underwent a water deprivation test between August 2014 and August 2023. All patient diagnoses were reviewed, and variability and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were determined for serum osmolality, serum sodium and urine osmolality.

Results

Serum sodium demonstrated reduced variability compared with serum osmolality (0.72% vs. 1.16%, respectively, 37.5% reduction; p < 0.001). The standard serum osmolality cut‐off value of ≥ 300 mOsm/kg in diagnosing AVP‐D, AVP‐R, and primary polydipsia (PP) achieved a sensitivity of 76.19% and specificity of 76.92%. A serum sodium cut‐off value of ≥ 148 mmol/L demonstrated 100% specificity in excluding PP. This cut‐off was used alongside urine osmolality cut‐off values of > 630 mOsm/kg (for PP) and < 383 mOsm/kg (for AVP‐D/AVP‐R). Review of post‐desmopressin urine osmolality and clinical monitoring was performed in equivocal diagnostic cases (n = 6), achieving 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity within the study sample.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that a serum sodium cut‐off of ≥ 148 mmol/L in tandem with urine osmolality yields the best diagnostic accuracy to differentiate between AVP‐D, AVP‐R, and PP. Serum sodium may be more reliable than serum osmolality in the investigation of patients with PPS, demonstrating lower biological and analytical variability.
Adolescent Superficial CD34‐Positive Fibroblastic Tumor With Unique IHC Profile
Authors: Wang Scott Kuan‐Wen , Mandavilli Srinivas
Published: December 2024

Superficial CD34‐positive fibroblastic tumor (SCD34FT) is a relatively uncommon soft tissue neoplasm, first identified in 2014 and included in the latest, fifth edition of the World Health Organization Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors Classification. A subset of SCD34FTs that exhibit PRDM10 rearrangement may overlap with other PRDM10‐rearranged soft tissue tumors, suggesting a shared pathogenic pathway. We report a case of a 16‐year‐old patient, one of the youngest diagnosed, with an SCD34FT on the forearm, featuring both PRDM10 rearrangement and a unique, diffuse expression of cytokeratin (CK AE1/AE3). This case contributes to the expanding literature on SCD34FT, highlighting its clinical and pathological diversity.
Thomas F. Torrance on Christian Theological Instinct: Its Significances for Sino‐Christian Theology
Authors: Zhang Haoran
Published: December 2024

Central to Thomas F. Torrance's theological epistemology is an emphasis on the objectivity. However, Torrance also recognizes seemingly subjective “Christian theological instinct.” Regrettably, existing researches have not sufficiently explored the meaning of theological instinct nor thoroughly examined its implications for the subject–object relationship within Torrance's theological epistemology. Considering this scholarly gap, this paper undertakes an investigation by compiling new materials on “Christian theological instinct” and conducting an analysis of Torrance's writings. This paper clarifies theological instinct and uses it to understand the cognitive process in Torrance's theology, particularly regarding the realization of objectivity within the subject. Lastly, this paper highlights the significance of theological instinct for Sino‐Christian theology.
Glucocorticoid treatment and new‐onset hyperglycaemia and diabetes in people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Golubic Rajna , Mumbole Hudson , Ismail Mouhamad Hussein , Choo Alwyn , Baker Olivia , Atha Karyna , Mei Sarah Chew Sue , Raj Arjun , Anand Preethu , Aung Nwe Oo , Kumar Niraj S. , Nahar Tulika , Coleman Ruth L. , Tomlinson Jeremy W. , Rahman Najib , Caleyachetty Rishi , Adler Amanda
Published: December 2024

Introduction

In people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we aimed to estimate: (1) the prevalence of glucocorticoid‐induced hyperglycaemia (GIH); (2) whether the prevalence of GIH varies by age, baseline diabetes status, treatment duration, ascertainment of glycaemia, definition of hyperglycaemia, study design and year of publication; and (3) the relative risk (RR) of new‐onset hyperglycaemia in exposed vs non‐exposed to systemic glucocorticoids.

Methods

We searched electronic databases until 9 November 2023 for randomised controlled trials and observational studies including adults diagnosed with COPD, with or without diabetes at baseline, using systemic glucocorticoids equivalent to prednisolone ≥5 mg/day for ≥3 days if exposed. Hyperglycaemia was defined as a blood glucose above a study‐specific cut‐off. We extracted data on study and participant characteristics, exposure and outcome. We performed random‐effects meta‐analysis to calculate pooled prevalence estimate of GIH. Prevalence was expressed as the proportion of people who developed hyperglycaemia among all exposed to systemic glucocorticoids during follow‐up. We calculated RR of new‐onset hyperglycaemia in exposed vs non‐exposed to systemic glucocorticoids from eight studies.

Results

Of 25,806 citations, we included 18 studies comprising 3642 people of whom 3125 received systemic glucocorticoids and 1189 developed hyperglycaemia. Pooled prevalence of GIH was 38.6% (95%CI 29.9%–47.9%) with significant heterogeneity, I2 = 96% (p < 0.010), which was partially explained by differences in study design. Pooled RR = 2.39 (95%CI 1.51–3.78). Publication bias was present.

Conclusion

The prevalence of GIH was 38.6%. Being treated with systemic glucocorticoids for COPD was associated with 2.4 times higher risk of new‐onset hyperglycaemia versus no glucocorticoid treatment.
Addressing the resource requirements of internationalizing green SMEs
Authors: Héral Mireille , Messeghem Karim , Catanzaro Alexis
Published: December 2024

This article investigates how green small and medium‐sized enterprises (green SMEs) can internationalize by leveraging targeted resources from international support services (ISSs). Drawing upon a qualitative study of 30 green SMEs and ISS providers, this study contributes to the resource‐based view (RBV) and the relational view by building a multilevel model of the external resources transmitted to green SMEs at the organizational, interorganizational, and institutional levels. Moreover, this paper shows the interactions among those levels and how the resources provided by ISSs can be leveraged to access other resources, thus enriching the RBV on resource leveraging, value, and access strategies. The results emphasize the centrality of relational resources and show green SMEs and ISS providers that support resources are a starting point for accessing other resources.
Loss of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 6 function leads to macular corneal dystrophy phenotypes and skeletal defects in zebrafish
Authors: Basol Merve , Ersoz‐Gulseven Esra , Ozaktas Helin , Kalyoncu Sibel , Utine Canan Asli , Cakan‐Akdogan Gulcin
Published: December 2024

The carbohydrate sulfotransferase 6 (chst6) gene is linked to macular corneal dystrophy (MCD), a rare disease that leads to bilateral blindness due to the accumulation of opaque aggregates in the corneal stroma. chst6 encodes for a keratan sulfate proteoglycan (KSPG) specific sulfotransferase. MCD patients lose sulfated KSPGs (cKS) in the cornea and the serum. The significance of serum cKS loss has not been understood. Zebrafish cornea structure is similar to that of humans and it contains high levels of sulfated cKS in the stroma. Here, zebrafish chst6 is shown to be expressed in the cornea and head structures of the embryos. An animal model of MCD is developed by generating chst6 mutant animals with CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene editing. The dramatic decrease in cKS epitopes in the mutants was shown with ELISA and immunofluorescence. Morphological defects or alterations of jaw cartilage were detected in a minor fraction of the mutant larvae. Loss of cKS epitopes and morphological defects was fully rescued with wild‐type chst6. Mutant adult zebrafish displayed all clinical manifestations of MCD, while a fraction also displayed jaw and skeleton defects. Opaque accumulations formed in the eye, which were alcian blue positive. Loss of cKS in the corneal stroma and a decrease in corneal thickness were shown. Interestingly, alteration of transforming growth factor beta‐induced (BIGH3) expression which was not described in patients was also observed. This is the first report of an MCD model in a genetically tractable organism, providing a preclinical model and insight into the importance of KSPG sulfation for proper skeletal morphogenesis.
Vulnerability of Global Pine Forestry's Carbon Sink to an Invasive Pathogen–Vector System
Authors: Zhou Jiao , Du Jingjing , Bonifácio Luís , Yin Wandong , Huang Lin , Ning Jing , Han Dongbo , Hu Jiafu , Song Wei , Zhao Lilin
Published: December 2024

The substantial contribution of northern forest growth to the global increase of biomass carbon stock is well documented. However, the ecological consequences of pest‐ and disease‐related losses in these forests have not received comparable attention. This study highlights that pine species are major contributors to carbon stocks in Northern Hemisphere. The total carbon storage of Pinus in the Northern Hemisphere was estimated at 70,726 teragrams of carbon (TgC; 17.7% of the total forest carbon 478,012 TgC), accounting for 4.9%, 28.4%, and 12.5% of the total carbon storage in the forests of Asia, Europe, and North America, respectively. However, pine trees were under threat from an invasive complex involving the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and Japanese pine sawyer beetle (Monochamus spp.). Since 1977, this complex resulted in a carbon sink deficit of 1857 TgC (18% of the carbon currently stored in Europe's live tree biomass) in northern pine ecosystems. The carbon losses attributed to B. xylophilus exceeded those caused by wildfires, which are typically regarded as the primary factor of forest disturbances. Furthermore, the contributions of environmental variables indicate that the expected northward shift in precipitation patterns will exacerbate B. xylophilus threats, endangering 78% of the boreal forests across Eurasia by 2100. Among these high‐risk areas, 62% contributed significantly to global carbon sink, and 42% was protected forests. Following the present trend, carbon losses caused by the B. xylophilus complex could exceed 39% of the total carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems. This study provides comprehensive datasets that detail the global distribution and high‐risk habitats of pine species and B. xylophilus vector beetles in affected countries. Our findings underscore the substantial risk of carbon losses posed by B. xylophilus to northern pine forests, with potential implications for global carbon dynamics and the achievement of international goals related to “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality.”
Advances in vascular anomalies: refining classification in the molecular era
Authors: Putra Juan , Al‐Ibraheemi Alyaa
Published: December 2024

The classification and understanding of vascular anomalies have significantly evolved since the initial framework by Mulliken and Glowacki, distinguishing between vascular tumours and malformations. Recent advancements in molecular diagnostics have enhanced the accuracy of identifying and managing these complex lesions. This review provides an updated analysis of select vascular anomalies, focusing on Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE), Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA), and intramuscular fast‐flow vascular anomalies. It highlights the similarities and differences between these lesions, their histopathological features, and molecular underpinnings, including key genetic mutations in the RAS/PI3K/mTOR signalling pathways. Moreover, the role of PIK3CA mutations in vascular overgrowth syndromes is explored, alongside emerging targeted therapies, such as PI3K and MEK inhibitors, that promise improved outcomes for patients with these challenging conditions. The integration of histology, molecular diagnostics, and multidisciplinary care remains critical for the accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment of vascular anomalies in the era of precision medicine.
Clinicopathological characteristics of Japanese patients with breast cancer and MET exon 14 skipping alterations
Authors: Onagi Hiroko , Horimoto Yoshiya , Okano Soh , Sasa Keita , Ishizuka Yumiko , Ichida Miyu , Hayashi Takuo , Arakawa Atsushi , Kutomi Goro , Yao Takashi , Saito Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2024

Aims

In non‐small cell lung cancer, alterations in mesenchymal‐epithelial transition (MET) have been recognized as novel therapeutic targets. In particular, the MET exon 14 skipping mutation (METex14s) is a rare oncogenic driver. Targeted therapy with MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors has recently been approved for this mutation. However, c‐MET expression and METex14s frequency and their clinicopathological effects in Japanese patients with breast cancer (BC) remain unknown.

Methods

Tissue microarray‐based immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to measure c‐MET expression in 930 patients with BC (808 with invasive and 122 with noninvasive BC). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyse METex14s in patients exhibiting c‐MET expression. Clinicopathological characteristics, including patient prognosis based on c‐MET expression and METex14s, were elucidated.

Results

IHC staining revealed c‐MET expression in 91/930 (9.7%) patients. Notably, IHC expression was frequently observed in apocrine carcinomas (11/26 cases). Among the c‐MET IHC‐positive cases, METex14s frequency was 25.9% (14/54 cases) in invasive BC and 54.1% (20/37 cases) in noninvasive BC. Furthermore, 4/11 informative noninvasive and invasive BC cases with apocrine differentiation carried METex14s. The nuclear grade was significantly higher in the METex14s‐positive group among invasive BC with c‐met IHC expression. Furthermore, patients' age and negative rate for PgR IHC was significantly lower in the METex14s‐positive group among noninvasive BC. Regarding the factors associated with patient outcomes, both c‐MET IHC staining and METex14s expression did not affect survival, regardless of the hormone receptor status.

Conclusion

High c‐MET expression and METex14s are common in apocrine carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis: clinicopathological study of 18 cases with emphasis on MET amplification and a review of the literature
Authors: Chen Ya , Chen Yanjun , Sun Qi , Hou Xinghua , Fu Sha , Jin Hongtao , Tao Xuan , Yang Yuanzhong , Wang Jiayu , Cao Yun , An Xin , Zhang Yijun
Published: December 2024

Background

Knowledge regarding adenocarcinoma of the rete testis (ACRT) is extremely limited due to its scarcity.

Methods and Results

This study enrolled 18 patients with ACRT from multiple institutions. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features were investigated, together with a comprehensive review of 95 previously reported cases. One case was assessed using next‐generation sequencing (NGS). The median age of the patient cohort was 54 years (range = 20–69 years), with the majority presenting with a testicular mass (13 of 18); predominantly right‐sided (11 of 18). Six patients died within the second year following diagnosis. The morphology of ACRT spans a wide spectrum, including newly identified mucinous carcinoid‐like features, with mucous cells floating in mucus and signet‐ring cells. Notably, transition from a benign to a malignant rete epithelium was noted in 38.9% of cases (seven of 18). Immunohistochemically, tumour cells most frequently showed strong positivity for CK7 (12 of 16) and CK20 (10 of 17), with occasionally positivity for calretinin (three of 16), WT‐1 (two of 17) and PAX‐8 (two of 15). According to NGS in a single case, MET was amplified, leading to the patient benefiting from mesenchymal–epidermal transition factor (MET) inhibitors. Furthermore, MET amplification was assessed in 13 cases using fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation and detected in two cases (15.4%). No significant correlation between MET amplification and mesenchymal–epidermal transition factor (MET) levels was observed in the cases studied.

Conclusions

Primary ACRT is a rare malignant tumour which poses a diagnostic challenge, and is associated with poor prognosis. Cases of ACRT with MET amplification might represent promising candidates for the treatment with MET inhibitors.
Advances of the exposome at individual levels and prevention in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Xian Mo , Maskey Anish R. , Kopulos Daniel , Li Xiu‐Min
Published: December 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD), or eczema, is an inflammatory skin disease related to environmental factors. As a heterogeneous disease, it presents with complex phenotypes and endotypes. A variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors can promote the development of AD. While there has been extensive discussion on environmental exposure at the population and community levels, discourse on exposome at individual levels in AD remains insufficient. For example, allergens, microorganisms, parasites, dietary factors, and psychological factors such as stress and anxiety play important roles in AD development. Microorganisms, in particular, exhibit altered composition and diversity on the skin of AD patients, influencing skin barrier integrity and immune responses. The impact of certain microorganisms, such as fungi and viruses, on AD has garnered increasing attention because of their important role in maintaining skin homeostasis. Dietary factors, including sugar intake and histamine‐rich foods, may modulate AD risk and severity, although findings are controversial. Allergens, particularly house dust mite allergens, and aeroallergens, exacerbate AD symptoms by promoting inflammation and barrier dysfunction. Since AD is often the first step in the atopic march, its primary prevention measures are crucial. Some preventive measures involving microorganisms, diet, and moisturizers remain controversial. Effective preventive strategies necessitate a clear understanding of the complex mechanisms of AD, especially host–microbe–environment interactions. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding various risk and protective factors, as well as primary prevention measures for AD.
Involuntary transnationalism and regulated precarity: Lived experiences of skilled Chinese and Indian migrants in Singapore
Authors: Zhan Shaohua , Zhou Min
Published: December 2024

Transnationalism is often perceived as an agentic practice in migration studies. While acknowledging such agency, we argue that transnationalism also involves forced‐choice decision‐making by migrants whose work and daily lives are subjected to structural constraints beyond individual control. We employ the concept of ‘involuntary transnationalism’ to capture this often‐neglected dimension of transnationalism. Based on analysis of survey data and in‐depth interviews of skilled Chinese and Indian migrants in Singapore, we find that skilled foreign migrants face employment insecurity and other vulnerabilities largely due to visa regulations and that they have to turn to transnationalism as a coping strategy to mitigate precarity and temporality.
Critical Points of Risk in Registered Nurses' Use of a National Early Warning Score—Perceptions and Challenges
Authors: Nadaf Claire , Bench Suzanne , Halpin Yvonne , Terry Louise
Published: December 2024

Aim

To explore Registered Nurses' experiences and perceptions of using the National Early Warning Score in the U.K. as part of the recognition and management of acute adult patient deterioration.

Design

Hermeneutic Phenomenological design.

Methods

Sixteen Registered Nurses from a U.K. NHS hospital were interviewed using an interpretative phenomenological approach (2019–2020).

Results

Registered Nurses' use of NEWS highlighted 3 risk areas: delegation of vital sign monitoring to unregistered staff leading to uncertainty and delayed escalation, junior nurses' over‐reliance on NEWS and deference to expertise, and senior nurses' self‐management of deteriorating patients. The workplace culture revealed frequent compromises and limited learning opportunities.

Conclusion

When using NEWS, failure to recognise associated risks threatens patient safety. Wrong decisions at the three ‘pinch points’ may lead to missed chances in preventing deterioration. Incorrect judgements may lead to unrecognised patient deterioration or inappropriate management leading to preventable adverse events.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care

The way in which NEWS is used by healthcare professionals brings inherent patient safety risks. Addressing education gaps and fostering a supportive culture in nursing, valuing and enhancing nurses' clinical judgement, is crucial for mitigating these risks and ensuring patient safety.

Impact

The study deepens understanding of nurses' use of NEWS and identifies components affecting the recognition of patient deterioration.

Reporting Method

Adherence to the EQUATOR guidelines SRQR confirmed.

Patient or Public Contribution

Service user involvement was included within the design of the study and ethical approval.
Wasp Pollination: Mechanisms, Evolution and Ecological Significance in Neglected Pollinator Groups
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo
Published: December 2024

Wasp‐mediated pollination encompasses diverse mechanisms, presenting a relevant yet underexplored facet of plant–insect interactions. This review synthesises current knowledge on wasp pollination's ecological and evolutionary dynamics. For clarity, I classified wasp pollinators into three categories: (1) generalist pollinators associated with resource‐rich plants, (2) specialised pollinators of resource‐rich plants and (3) specialised pollinators of resource‐less plants (deceptive pollination). The latter category includes sexual and food deception. These pollination types will be described in detail throughout the text. Generalist wasps pollinate flowers with less morphological specialisation, which are also visited by other insect groups. In contrast, certain groups, such as the subfamilies Masarinae and Thynninae, the genus Hemipepsis (Pompilidae) and the family Agaonidae (fig wasps), have specialised in certain taxa or plant guilds. Deceptive pollination strategies, primarily in orchids, exploit wasps through sexual and food mimicry, reflecting intricate evolutionary adaptations. Fig wasps exhibit a long history of co‐diversification with their host plants, presenting a key innovation that combines wind‐mediated and chemotactic pollen dispersal. This review highlights the ecological implications and evolutionary aspects of wasp pollination by examining these diverse mechanisms. It concludes that wasps should not be neglected as pollinators, as they play an important role in the reproduction of many plant species.
Spinal deformity in a whale shark, Rhincodon typus (Smith 1828), encountered in the northern Gulf of Mexico, with notes on its movement patterns
Authors: Hoffmayer Eric R. , Driggers William B. , Falterman Brett J. , Franks James S. , Hendon Jill M. , McKinney Jennifer A. , Shelley John P.
Published: December 2024

This note details the first formal report of a spinal deformation in whale sharks, Rhincodon typus. An individual whale shark with suspected kypholordoscoliosis was observed at Ewing Bank in the Gulf of Mexico during aggregation events in 2010 and 2013. Despite the significant deformity, the shark was observed feeding on fish eggs at the surface during both encounters. Based on satellite tag tracking, its movements, temperature preferences, and depth use were within the range of other whale sharks from the region.
Comparative analysis of smartphone colorimeter apps and spectrophotometry for measuring forehead skin color in maxillofacial prosthesis fabrication
Authors: Niakan Somayeh , Safi Mahdi , Younespour Shima , Khoshtarkib Shayan
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of two smartphone colorimeter apps, Color Grab, and Color Picker, in measuring forehead skin color and to compare their readings with those from a spectrophotometer.

Materials and Methods

Fifty participants (26 males, 24 females; median age 23 years, range 21–45) were included. Using a smartphone camera, images of forehead skin were captured, and CIELAB color values were reported by both apps. Measurements from a reference spectrophotometer (MiniScan EZ 4500L, 45°/0° geometry) served as the gold standard. Trueness and precision were assessed using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulas. Statistical analyses included one‐way ANOVA and Mann–Whitney tests, with significance at p < 0.05.

Results

Both apps showed comparable accuracy in capturing skin color, with absolute trueness (ΔEAbs) for Color Grab at 7.59 (CIEDE2000) and Color Picker at 7.65. Relative trueness (ΔERel) was 3.79 for Color Grab and 3.70 for Color Picker. Precision (MCDM) demonstrated significant differences between the apps: Color Grab at 1.34 (CIEDE2000) compared to Color Picker at 0.96 (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

While smartphone apps may not match the accuracy of spectrophotometers, they offer valuable alternatives for color matching in maxillofacial prostheses. Future studies should focus on minimizing systematic errors related to environmental factors and camera settings to enhance measurement accuracy.
Sports and nationalism: When imagined communities become national
Authors: Jumle Vihang
Published: December 2024

Can expressing nationalism be conditional? Literature on sports and nationalism suggests that people experience nationhood when they involve themselves as spectators during international sporting events. Therefore, expressing a nationalistic feeling under such circumstances appears logical. However, the question of what kind of nationhood is experienced and how it can be facilitated or impeded by social media affordances needs to be explored. This study attempts to answer these questions by analysing the tweets made during India's matches during the International Cricket Cup 2019. It locates the study of nationalism at the core of where it operates today: in popular social media‐based discourse. This discursive approach towards nationalism (see Fox and Miller‐Idriss (2008)) of imagined sporting communities suggests that mere international competitiveness is insufficient grounds for nationalistic expression to emerge as a dominant discursive theme. Instead, nationalistic expressions are activated when two competing nations share an existing rivalry and it forms part of its popular culture. Nationalism during sports, therefore, is proposed as a conditional phenomenon. Moreover, the idea of the expressed nation and who comes to belong to it remains malleable and fluid to elevate the embodied gaming experience.
Variation of Bruch's membrane opening in response to intraocular pressure change during scleral lens wear, in a population with keratoconus
Authors: Michaud Langis , Balourdet Steven , Samaha Dan
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The present study aimed to determine the potential impact of scleral lenses on intraocular pressure (IOP) by analysing the Bruch's membrane opening–minimum rim width (BMO‐MRW) while the lenses are worn, in a population with keratoconus.

Methods

Participants were required to have keratoconus and be successfully fitted with scleral lenses for at least 3 months. A new pair of optimised scleral lenses was provided before the study. During the first session, corneal biomechanics was assessed using an air tonometer, coupling Scheimpflug technology. Then, a scan of the optic nerve was carried out using optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 2 h intervals for 6 h. Particular attention was paid to identifying the BMO‐MRW, which represents the smallest distance between the BMO and the internal limiting membrane. These tests were repeated, respecting the time at which the initial measurements were taken, while the scleral lens was worn. Results from only one eye were analysed.

Results

A statistically significant change of 10.5 ± 3.6 μm (95% CI [241.3–473.1]; p = 0.02) in BMO‐MRW was observed after 6 h of scleral lens wear, compared to measurements without lenses (4.8 ± 3.4 μm; 95% CI [285.1–439.7]; p = 0.18). The fluctuation was greater in participants with keratoconus than found in a previous study of regular corneas.

Conclusion

BMO‐MRW became significantly thinner after 6 h of scleral lens wear compared with measurements without lenses. These variations may be associated with a rise in IOP during lens wear. Close monitoring for optic head changes should be carried out for patients at risk. These results should be compared with future longer‐term studies including a larger cohort of patients.
Empathetic solicitude attenuates the affective and sensory dimensions of CO2‐induced dyspnea: A randomized parallel arm experimental trial in healthy humans
Authors: Nion Nathalie , Niérat Marie‐Cécile , Lavault Sophie , Simon‐Tillaux Noémie , Guerder Antoine , Blanchard Pierre‐Yves , Morélot‐Panzini Capucine , Serresse Laure , Similowski Thomas
Published: December 2024

Dyspnea testifies to profound suffering in patients and its relief is a priority for caregivers. This can be achieved by correcting causative disorders (“etiopathogenic” approach) or targeting the dyspnea itself (“symptomatic” approach), as is done for pain. Empathetic solicitude from caregivers has an intrinsic analgesic effect, but its effects on dyspnea have not been formally documented. This study tests the hypothesis that the empathetic solicitude behavior of a caregiver during experimental induction of acute and intense dyspnea would have a mitigating effect. In a double‐blind, randomized, controlled experimental trial, 80 healthy participants were assigned to a neutral behavior arm or a solicitude behavior arm. During two successive visits (V1 and V2), dyspnea was induced through CO2‐rebreathing and (i) assessed in an immediate manner using 10 cm affective and sensory visual analog scales (A‐VAS and S‐VAS) and (ii) post hoc using the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP). A‐VAS ratings at the end of the dyspnea challenge were significantly lower at V2 in the “solicitude behavior” arm than in the “neutral behavior” arm (6.69 [3.825–9.67] vs. 8.05 [6.43–10], p = 0.039). There were no significant differences between arms regarding S‐VAS. MDP analysis showed that CO2‐rebreathing induced dyspnea of the air hunger type, with statistically significant reductions in its intensity and both the sensory and affective dimensions of dyspnea. This study shows that empathetic solicitude can reduce the affective and sensory dimensions of experimentally induced dyspnea in healthy volunteers. Future studies should evaluate the impact of empathetic solicitude on clinical dyspnea.
New Estimate on the Spatial Distribution of the Youngest Toba Tuff Ash
Authors: Prakash Kannan J. , Sajinkumar K. S. , Deering C. D. , Oommen Thomas
Published: December 2024

Here, we introduce a new estimate on the areal extent and volume of globally dispersed Youngest Toba Tuff ash by considering the decay of grain size and primary ash thickness (PAT). The areal extent of ash dispersal is modelled by interpolating the farthest sites in four directions. For this modelling, it is assumed that (i) PAT at the farthest newly identified site is equal to the maximum size of grains retrieved and (ii) the ash particles blanket the earth up to the farthest sites in a non‐discrete manner. The volume of ash‐fall is calculated using two approaches: (i) the Voronoi tessellation and (ii) a GIS‐aided mathematical calculation. When the Voronoi tessellation estimated a maximum and minimum volume of ash as 2089 and 1276 km3, the GIS‐aided mathematical calculation yielded 1573 and 1312 km3 of dense‐rock equivalent, respectively. Thus, the GIS method provided a more narrower range than the Voronoi method.
On the Witt group of the punctured spectrum of a regular semilocal ring
Authors: Gille Stefan , Panin Ivan
Published: December 2024

Let  be a regular semilocal ring of dimension  which contains , the number of maximal ideals of  which are assumed to be all of the same height, and  the punctured spectrum of , that is, without the maximal ideals. We show that the Witt ring  of  has  non‐trivial generators as ‐algebra, which satisfy for all . If  is integral, then these generators become trivial over the fraction field  of . In particular, the natural morphism is not injective.
Fully Foldable Mechanical Metamaterials With Isotropic Auxeticity and Its Generated Multi-Mode Folding Form
Authors: Li Lin , Yang Feiyu , Yang Fufu , Lin Rongfu , Zhang Jun
Published: December 2024

Auxetic materials, a type of mechanical metamaterial with negative Poisson's ratio, are potentially utilized in the realms of energy absorption and engineering structures. However, most of the existing auxetic materials either contain a large amount of rotational motion or still have gaps when fully folded, which is not conducive to lifting loads. Besides, their application is limited to flexible environments due to their single-folding mode. To overcome such limitations, a fully foldable mechanical metamaterial with isotropic auxeticity is proposed by utilizing the Sarrus mechanism, and a derivative multi-mode folding form is obtained in this paper. Then, the degrees-of-freedom (DOF), bistability, and kinematic characterizations are analyzed to show the performance of the proposed structures. Finally, the parameters of the proposed fully foldable mechanical metamaterials are discussed to simplify the structures. Some prototypes are fabricated to validate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed mechanical metamaterials. The proposed mechanical metamaterials have some merits, such as isotropic auxeticity, being fully folded to achieve dense compression, being bistable with load-bearing capacity, multi-mode folding form, and single-DOF, and they have versatile potential applications in complex environments requiring large deformation and flexible adaptation.
Electrical Contact With Dielectric Breakdown of Interfacial Gap
Authors: Xu Yang , Wu Yue , Jackson Robert L.
Published: December 2024

Electrical contact is fundamental to almost every aspect of modern industry, including the fast-growing electric vehicle industry. In metallic contacts in atmospheric conditions, most of the electrical current passes via the microjunctions formed between two electrodes. The classic electrical contact theory predicts an infinite current density at the circular contact periphery. In the present work, we explore the influence of the dielectric breakdown of air outside the contact area on the electrical contact interface. Incorporating the discharging boundary condition governed by the modified Paschen law, we develop the numerical model as well as two sets of closed-form solutions for low applied voltage cases where two electrodes are in solid–solid contact and complete separation, respectively. For the Hertzian contact, the present work theoretically proves that the ignorance of discharge can lead to a singular current density at the contact periphery and an overestimation of the electrical contact resistance. The current density monotonically increases along the radial direction to a finite value at the contact area periphery and is followed by a monotonic drop within the discharge zone. The present study serves as a foundation for the modeling of discharging rough surface electrical contact and sheds light on the machine element surface damages caused by the electrical discharge machining.
Real-time viscoelastic deformability cytometry: High-throughput mechanical phenotyping of liquid and solid biopsies
Authors: Asghari Mohammad , Ivetich Sarah Duclos , Aslan Mahmut Kamil , Aramesh Morteza , Melkonyan Oleksandr , Meng Yingchao , Xu Rong , Colombo Monika , Weiss Tobias , Balabanov Stefan , Stavrakis Stavros , deMello Andew J.
Published: December 2024

In principle, the measurement of mechanical property differences between cancer cells and their benign counterparts enables the detection, diagnosis, and classification of diseases. Despite the existence of various mechanophenotyping methods, the ability to perform high-throughput single-cell deformability measurements on liquid and/or solid tissue biopsies remains an unmet challenge within clinical settings. To address this issue, we present an ultrahigh-throughput viscoelastic microfluidic platform able to measure the mechanical properties of single cells at rates of up to 100,000 cells per second (and up to 10,000 cells per second in real time). To showcase the utility of the presented platform in clinical scenarios, we perform single-cell phenotyping of both liquid and solid tumor biopsies, cytoskeletal drug analysis, and identification of malignant lymphocytes in peripheral blood samples. Our viscoelastic microfluidic methodology offers opportunities for high-throughput, label-free single-cell analysis, with diverse applications in clinical diagnostics and personalized medicine.
Boosting
1
H and
13
C NMR signals by orders of magnitude on a bench
Authors: Bocquelet Charlotte , Rougier Nathan , Le Huu-Nghia , Veyre Laurent , Thieuleux Chloe , Melzi Roberto , Purea Armin , Banks Daniel , Kempf James G. , Stern Quentin , Vaneeckhaute Ewoud , Jannin Sami
Published: December 2024

Sensitivity is often the Achilles’ heel of liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. This problem is perhaps most pressing at the lowest fields (e.g., 80-MHz
1
H frequency), with rapidly increasing access to NMR through benchtop systems, but also sometimes for higher-field NMR systems from 300 MHz to 1.2 GHz. Hyperpolarization by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) can address this sensitivity limitation. However, dDNP implies massive and complex cryogenic and high-field instrumentation, which cannot be installed on the bench. We introduce here a compact helium-free 1-T tabletop polarizer as a simple and low-cost alternative. After freezing and polarizing the frozen analyte solutions at 77 K, we demonstrate
1
H signal enhancement factors of 100, with rapid 1-s buildup times. The high polarization is subsequently transferred by
1
H→
13
C cross polarization (CP) to
13
C spins. Such a simple benchtop polarizer, in combination with hyperpolarizing solid matrices (HYPSOs), may open the way to replenishable hyperpolarization throughout multiple liquid-state NMR experiments.
Granular metamaterials with dynamic bond reconfiguration
Authors: Meng Zhiqiang , Yan Hujie , Wang Yifan
Published: December 2024

Biological materials dynamically reconfigure their underlying structures in response to stimuli, achieving adaptability and multifunctionality. Conversely, mechanical metamaterials have fixed interunit connections that restrict adaptability and reconfiguration. This study introduces granular metamaterials composed of discrete bimaterial structured particles that transition between assembled and unassembled states through mechanical compression and thermal stimuli. These materials enable dynamic bond reconfiguration, allowing reversible bond breaking and formation, similar to natural systems. Leveraging their discrete nature, these materials can adaptively reconfigure their shape and respond dynamically to varying conditions. Our investigations reveal that these granular metamaterials can substantially alter their mechanical properties, like compression, shearing, and bending, offering tunable mechanical characteristics across different states. Furthermore, they exhibit collective behaviors like directional movement, object capture, transportation, and gap crossing, showcasing their potential for reprogrammable functionalities. This work highlights the dynamic reconfigurability and robust adaptability of granular metamaterials, expanding their potential in responsive architecture and autonomous robotics.
Bioinspired single-shot polarization photodetector based on four-directional grating arrays capped perovskite single-crystal thin film
Authors: Fang Wenzhong , Liu Chengben , Zhu Zixin , Wu Chao , Cheng Qunfeng , Song Qian , Wang Yang , Lai Xintao , Song Yanlin , Jiang Lei , Li Mingzhu
Published: December 2024

Polarization photodetectors (pol-PDs) have widespread applications in geological remote sensing, machine vision, biological medicine, and so on. However, commercial pol-PDs use bulky and complicated optical systems with lenses, polarizers, and mechanical spools, which are complex and cumbersome, and respond slowly. Inspired by the desert ants’ compound eyes, we developed a single-shot pol-PD based on four-directional grating arrays capped perovskite single-crystal thin film without other standard polarization optics. Our pol-PD has a high detectivity, two orders of magnitude greater than that of commercial photodetectors, and exhibits high polarization sensitivity. The high performance of our pol-PD is due to the highly crystalline perovskite single-crystal thin film and regular nanograting structure, made by a nanoimprinting crystallization method. Our single-shot pol-PD is a compact on-chip optoelectronic device that demonstrates excellent performance in a wide range of applications including accurate bionic navigation, sharp image restoration in hazy scenes, stress visualization of polymers, and detection of cancerous areas in tissues without histological staining.
Sunflower-like self-sustainable plant-wearable sensing probe
Authors: Wang Shuang , Chai Yangfan , Sa Huiwen , Ye Weikang , Wang Qian , Zou Yu , Luo Xuan , Xie Lijuan , Liu Xiangjiang
Published: December 2024

Powering and communicating with wearable devices on bio-interfaces is challenging due to strict weight, size, and resource constraints. This study presents a sunflower-like plant-wearable sensing device that harnesses solar energy, achieving complete energy self-sustainability for long-term monitoring of plant sap flow, a crucial indicator of plant health. It features foldable solar panels along with all essential flexible electronic components, resulting in a compact system that is lightweight enough for small plants. To tackle the low-energy density of solar power, we developed an ultralow-energy light communication mechanism inspired by fireflies. Together with unmanned aerial vehicles and deep learning algorithms, this approach enables efficient data retrieval from multiple devices across large agricultural fields. With its simple deployment, it shows great potential as a low-cost plant phenotyping tool. We believe our energy and communication solution for wearable devices can be extended to similar resource-limited and challenging scenarios, leading to exciting applications.
Late Pleistocene onset of mutualistic human/canid (
Canis
spp.) relationships in subarctic Alaska
Authors: Lanoë François , Reuther Joshua , Fields Stormy , Potter Ben , Smith Gerad , McKinney Holly , Halffman Carrin , Holmes Charles , Mills Robin , Crass Barbara , Frome Ryan , Hildebrandt Kyndall , Sattler Robert , Shirar Scott , de Flamingh Alida , Kemp Brian M. , Malhi Ripan , Witt Kelsey E.
Published: December 2024

Large canids (wolves, dogs, and coyote) and people form a close relationship in northern (subarctic and arctic) socioecological systems. Here, we document the antiquity of this bond and the multiple ways it manifested in interior Alaska, a region key to understanding the peopling of the Americas and early northern lifeways. We compile original and existing genomic, isotopic, and osteological canid data from archaeological, paleontological, and modern sites. Results show that in contrast to canids recovered in non-anthropic contexts, canids recovered in association with human occupations are markedly diverse. They include multiple species and intraspecific lineages, morphological variation, and diets ranging from terrestrial to marine. This variation is expressed along both geographic and temporal gradients, starting in the terminal Pleistocene with canids showing high marine dietary estimates. This paper provides evidence of the multiple ecological relationships between canids and people in the north—from predation, probable commensalism, and taming, to domestication—and of their early onset.
Promoting diverse and inclusive spaces with intentionality
Authors: Bell Marquise D.
Published: December 2024

Developing spaces that foster and embrace diverse perspectives and backgrounds with intentionality benefits everyone involved.
Supplemental Material: New age and lake chemistry constraints on the Aptian pre-salt carbonates of the central South Atlantic
Authors: Lawson M. , al. et
Published: December 2024

Methods, models, and all data and supporting figures.
Biotinidase deficiency—masquerade of primary immunodeficiency disease in neonate
Authors: Chetan Chinmay , Singh Brajendra , Patra Saikat , Gupta Girish
Published: December 2024

Biotinidase deficiency, a rare metabolic disorder characterised by abnormal biotin metabolism, affects the biotin-dependent carboxylase functions. Primarily characterised by neurological and skin disorder, it may present with myriad features. Early recognition is important for preventing long-term morbidities. Here, we describe a case of a neonate presenting with seizures and a clinical picture suggestive of immunodeficiency. Multiple superficial abscesses along with septic arthritis of the left knee and left hip led to suspicion of primary immunodeficiency disorder. On evaluation, there was severe biotinidase deficiency. The neonate was supplemented with biotin, after which there were no further episodes of severe infection requiring hospitalisation, seizures or skin manifestation. This case report highlights the wide spectrum of clinical picture these disorders may present with and the low threshold for their evaluation and treatment.