bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exact nuclear cusps in all-electron orbital-free density functional theory
Authors: Hutcheon Michael J. , Wibowo-Teale Andrew M.
Published: November 2024

We obtain near-exact cusp behavior in a self-consistent orbital-free density functional theory treatment of atomic and molecular systems, with standard kinetic energy functionals, by the introduction of a physically motivated cost functional. The electron density, and its gradient and Laplacian, are also nearly exact in the vicinity of nuclei, and shell-structure emerges. This results in significantly reduced energy errors and provides a foundation for the development of next-generation kinetic-energy functionals.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Doubly heavy tetraquark states in a mass splitting model
Authors: Li Shi-Yuan , Liu Yan-Rui , Man Zi-Long , Si Zong-Guo , Wu Jing
Published: November 2024

Treating X(4140) as a compact JPC=1++ csc¯s¯ state and using its mass as a reference scale, we systematically estimate the masses of doubly heavy tetraquark states QQq¯q¯, where Q=c, b and q=u, d, s. Their decay properties are studied with a simple rearrangement scheme. Based on our results, the lowest I(JP)=0(1+) bbn¯n¯ state is a stable tetraquark about 20 MeV below the B¯*B¯ threshold. The mass and width of the low-mass 0(1+) ccn¯n¯ (n=u, d) tetraquark are compatible with the Tcc(3875)+ observed by the LHCb Collaboration. The locations of the lowest 0(0+) and 0(1+) bcn¯n¯ states are found to be close to the B¯D and B¯*D thresholds, respectively. We hope that the predicted ratios between partial widths of different channels may be helpful to identify compact tetraquark states from future measurements.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Supersymmetric QCD on the lattice: Fine-tuning and counterterms for the quartic couplings
Authors: Costa M. , Herodotou H. , Panagopoulos H.
Published: November 2024

In this work we calculate the renormalization of counterterms which arise in the lattice action of N=1 supersymmetric QCD (SQCD). In particular, the fine-tunings for quartic couplings are studied in detail through both continuum and lattice perturbation theory at one-loop level. For the lattice version of SQCD we make use of the Wilson gauge action for gluon fields and the Wilson fermion action for fermion fields (quarks, gluinos); for squark fields we use naïve discretization. On the lattice, different components of squark fields mix among themselves and a total of ten quartic terms arise at the quantum level. Consequently, the renormalization conditions must take into account these effects in order to appropriately fine-tune all quartic couplings. All our results for Green’s functions and renormalization factors exhibit an explicit analytic dependence on the number of colors, Nc, the number of flavors, Nf, and the gauge parameter, α, which are left unspecified. Results for the specific case Nf=1 are also presented, where the symmetries allow only five linearly independent quartic terms. For the calculation of the Green’s functions, we consider both one-particle reducible and one-particle irreducible Feynman diagrams. Knowledge of these renormalization factors is necessary in order to relate numerical results, coming from nonperturbative studies, to “physical” observables.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Polarization effects in the elastic
ep→→e→p
and
e→p→→ep
processes in the case of parallel spins
Authors: Galynskii M. V. , Bytev V. V. , Galynsky V. M.
Published: November 2024

In the one-photon exchange approximation, we analyze polarization effects in the elastic e→p→→ep and ep→→e→p processes in the case when the spin quantization axes of a target proton at rest and an incident or scattered electron are parallel. To do this, in the kinematics of the SANE Collaboration experiment [A. Liyanage , ] using the J. Kelly [] and I. Qattan [] parametrizations for the Sachs form-factor ratio R≡μpGE/GM, a numerical analysis was carried out of the dependence of the longitudinal polarization degree transferred to the scattered electron in the ep→→e→p process and double-spin asymmetry in the e→p→→ep process on the square of the momentum transferred to the proton, as well as on the scattering angle of the electron. It is established that the difference in the longitudinal polarization degree of the scattered electron in the ep→→e→p process in the cases of conservation and violation of the scaling of the Sachs form factors can reach 70%. This fact can be used to set up polarization experiments of a new type to measure the ratio R. For double-spin asymmetry in the e→p→→ep process, the corresponding difference does not exceed 2.32%. This fact means that it is not sensitive to the effects of the Sachs form-factor scaling violation and could be used as a test for the R≈1 equality.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Bis(azido-κN
1)bis(2,2′-dipyridylamine-κ2
N
1,N
1′)iron(II) monohydrate
Authors: Setifi Fatima , Setifi Zouaoui , Reuter Hans , Al-Douh Mohammad Hadi , Addala Abderezak
Published: November 2024

In the hydrated title complex, [Fe(dpa)2(N3)2]·H2O (dpa is 2,2′-dipyridylamine, C10H9N3), the FeII ion is coordinated in a distorted octahedral manner by two neutral, chelating dpa ligands and two anionic, monodentate azide (N3
−) ions in a cis-configuration. Distortion results from different Fe—N bond lengths [2.1397 (13)–2.2254 (12) Å] and (N—Fe—N)
cis
[80.12 (4)–96.72 (5)°] and (N—Fe—N)
trans
[166.73 (4)–176.62 (5)°] bond angles. Hydrogen bonds exist between two symmetry-related water molecules as hydrogen donors to the γ-N atoms of azido ligands of two adjacent iron complexes and as acceptors from the amide group of the dpa ligands of two additional iron complexes. The hydrogen-bonding pattern results in eight-membered ...H—O—H...N... rings and a band-like arrangement of the molecules involved. Additional, weaker hydrogen bonds between the α-N atom of the second azido ligand as acceptors and the amide groups of the second dpa ligands as donors cross-link neighboring bands to layers extending parallel to (001).
4-Amino-3,5-dichloropyridine
Authors: Anantheeswary Thankappan Ramalakshmi , Gomathi Sundaramoorthy , Shyamaladevi Ramu , Jegan Jennifer Samson , Abdul Razak Ibrahim
Published: November 2024

The title compound, C5H4Cl2N2, crystallizes with one molecule in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal, the molecular entities are assembled through strong N—H...N hydrogen bonding, forming supramolecular chains extending along the b-axis direction. These chains are interconnected by offset π–π stacking interactions and consolidated by halogen–π interactions. The molecular interactions were quantified by Hirshfeld surface analysis, showing the significant contributions of Cl...H/H...Cl (40.1%), H...H (15.7%) and N...H / H...N (13.1%) interactions. Energy framework analysis using the CE-B3LYP/6–31 G(d,p) basis set revealed that Coulombic interactions make a considerable contribution to the total energy and crystal packing.
Triphenylphosphonium trichlorido(triphenylphosphane-κP)cobaltate(II) benzene disolvate
Authors: Ndima Lubabalo , Hosten Eric Cyriel , Betz Richard
Published: November 2024

The solvated title compound, (C18H16P)[CoCl3(C18H15P)]·2C6H6, is the triphenylphosphonium salt of an anionic CoII chlorido coordination compound; the asymmetric unit features an ion-pair and two benzene solvent molecules. One of the solvent molecules shows rotational disorder. C—H...Cl and P—H...Cl contacts connect the individual constituents into infinite chains extending parallel to [010].
Pursuing a sustainable career: how strengths-based leadership develops career adaptability and compensates for protean career orientation
Authors: Ge Xiaolin , Zhang Qing , Xiong Rui , Yu Haibo , Liu Siyuan , Song Shanghao , Liu Xiaokun
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Drawing upon strengths-based inclusive work theory, this study explores how strengths-based leadership promotes employee career sustainability, particularly in the absence of protean career orientation (PCO), with career adaptability as a mediator.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-wave survey of 329 Chinese employees tested the moderated mediation model. Hypotheses were assessed using SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3.

Findings

Strengths-based leadership positively influences career adaptability, leading to greater career sustainability. The effect is stronger when PCO is low, highlighting the compensatory role of strengths-based leadership.

Originality/value

The present paper extends the existing literature on strengths-based leadership and unveils that strength-based leadership can compensate for a lack of PCO. Also, it augments strengths-based inclusive work theory and provides meaningful insights to cultivate employee career sustainability.

Research limitations/implications

The cross-sectional design and self-reported data limit causal conclusions. Future research should use longitudinal methods and diverse cultural contexts to improve generalizability.
CSR communication to employees as stakeholders in the pharmaceutical sector
Authors: Zilic Ivana , LaVan Helen
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This research aims to contribute substantively and methodologically to our understanding of CSR communications in the pharmaceutical sector targeted to employees. Of specific concern is how companies can most effectively communicate their CSR activities to employees.

Design/methodology/approach

Multi-methods were used to identify CSR-related communication trends and relationships in the largest pharmaceutical companies by market cap. Replicatable data are ROA from Bloomberg, ESG scores, employee satisfaction from Indeed.com and content of CSR and similar reports.

Findings

Significant findings include the content of CSR reports related to employee behaviors and human resource processes. Both HR behaviors and HR processes are related to return on assets ROA. Multinational differences were found in Indeed satisfaction scores and in trends in communications from the CSR reports.

Research limitations/implications

One of the limitations was that not all pharmaceutical companies consistently reported their data.

Practical implications

Given that the pharmaceutical sector is comprised of a high proportion of uniquely qualified types of employees, this type of information can be used by prospective employees to consistently include more HR processes. Especially missing is recruitment and selection data that can reasonably be expected to facilitate identifying prospective employees who align with the CSR mission.

Originality/value

The methodology used in this study allows for replication in the pharmaceutical sector. Moreover, it encourages using similar disaggregated ESG data sources to study CSR in other sectors.
Investing in energy, water and sanitation for Azerbaijan: the role of the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Sabbaghi Omid
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate physical capital investments for Azerbaijan in the context of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6 and 7.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on the conceptual frameworks of Soto et al. (2020) and Gaspar et al. (2019), this study adopts peer analysis in quantifying investment policy recommendations for Azerbaijan based on data from the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, United Nations Population Fund, the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the US Energy Information Administration.

Findings

This study estimates that Azerbaijan invests approximately $1.47bn in their energy sector for 2020–2030 and that total spending on water and sanitation infrastructure increases by 1.91 percentage points of GDP by 2030.

Originality/value

Investment decision-making for physical capital based on the United Nations SDGs is an underresearched yet important topic. This study fills this void for Azerbaijan through peer country analysis.
Does social presence drive customer brand engagement and purchase intention in the fashion retail metaverse? The moderating role of self-efficacy
Authors: Agnihotri Durgesh , Chaturvedi Pallavi , Swarup Kriti , Mathur Anshul , Tripathi Vikas , Singh Nripendra
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The study investigates the relationship between social presence dimensions and customer brand engagement (CBE) as well as the relation between customer brand engagement and purchase intention (PI) in the fashion retail metaverse with self-efficacy moderating between CBE and PI.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were gathered by conducting an online survey (n = 476) from young adults exposed to fashion retail metaverse platforms. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The findings discovered that social presence dimensions positively impact CBE, which substantially impacts the PI of young consumers in the fashion retail metaverse. The findings demonstrate that self-efficacy moderates the relationship between CBE and PI.

Research limitations/implications

This study uses cross-sectional data in the fashion retail metaverse for young consumers. Future studies can use longitudinal data in the context of other industries and demographic profiles to assess changing customer behavior.

Practical implications

This study implies that customer experiences can be enriched through social presence dimensions, helping brands adapt their offers to create more engaging and rewarding customer interactions. It offers insights for brand managers aiming to augment the relationship between CBE and PI.

Originality/value

The study uniquely explores the relationship between social presence dimensions and CBE within the fashion retail metaverse. It examines self-efficacy as a moderator between CBE and PI, providing fresh insights into consumer behavior in the fashion retail metaverse.
Metaverse integration in halal marketing: charting new avenues for promoting ethical consumption
Authors: Sugiana Neng Susi Susilawati , Hurriyati Ratih , Gaffar Vanessa , Dirgantari Puspo Dewi , Widjajanta Bambang , Disman Disman , Rahayu Agus , Wibowo Lili Adi
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the potential of integrating the metaverse into halal product marketing strategies, focusing on the development of ethical consumption. The metaverse, an ever-evolving, three-dimensional virtual environment, presents new prospects for fostering deep consumer engagement and personalized brand interactions.

Design/methodology/approach

The research method used is a mixed-method approach, revealing the qualitative aspects reinforced by quantitative analysis results.

Findings

The findings underscore that incorporating the metaverse into halal marketing holds significant promise in broadening market outreach and augmenting consumer awareness regarding halal products. The utilization of interactive virtual environments empowers consumers to immerse themselves in products, nurturing more potent emotional bonds with brands, and nurturing a deeper comprehension of the sustainability and ethics underpinning halal items.

Research limitations/implications

The limitations of this study include susceptibility to external influences and ethical considerations.

Practical implications

In practical terms, the implementation of this research requires designing marketing campaigns equipped with metaverse components, including virtual experiences that highlight the halal production process and product journey from origin to end user. This can be realized through existing metaverse platforms or by building custom virtual settings that create unique and relevant encounters for halal consumers.

Originality/value

The uniqueness of this study lies in its comprehensive understanding of the potential integration of the metaverse in halal marketing − a relatively unexplored area. The study provides valuable insights for marketing practitioners and manufacturers of halal products, and guides them on how to leverage these technologies to advance ethical and sustainable consumption practices among halal consumers.
Green innovation strategies in Vietnamese enterprises: leveraging knowledge management and digitalization for sustainable competitiveness
Authors: Vo-Thai Huy-Cuong , Tran My-Linh
Published: November 2024

Purpose

In the dynamic landscape of 2023, global challenges are amplified by escalating conflicts and the COVID-19 aftermath. Developing nations like Vietnam face a critical juncture, requiring diversified economies for enhanced livelihoods and poverty reduction. However, this growth necessitates increased energy consumption, potentially escalating carbon emissions. Green innovation (GI) emerges as a beacon of hope, offering products and services designed for a minimal carbon footprint. Beyond socio-economic advancement, GI aligns with sustainable development goals. This study aims to  examine the influence of knowledge management (KM) and digitalization (DG) on GI, particularly in sustainable competitive advantage.

Design/methodology/approach

Using structural equation modeling and drawing upon a survey administered to 301 Vietnamese enterprises.

Findings

The findings illuminate diverse underpinnings between green product and process innovation, unravel the intricate relationship between KM, DG and GI, and provide crucial insights for firms seeking sustainable competitive edges.

Originality/value

This multidimensional approach significantly enriches the understanding of these pivotal elements in contemporary business landscapes.
How to mitigate fashion subscription hesitation: two-step exploration using theory-based causal modeling and machine learning predictive modeling
Authors: Kang Jiyun , Johnson Catherine , Heo Wookjae , Jang Jisu
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Although a fashion subscription offers significant environmental benefits by transforming physical products into shared services, most customers are reluctant to adopt it. This hesitation, exacerbated by poor communication from brands that primarily emphasize its personal benefits, hinders its sustainable growth. This study aims to examine specifically which concerns increase hesitation, and the role of explicitly informing consumers about the service’s environmental benefits in mitigating the impact of consumer concerns on their hesitation.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through an online experiment with more than a thousand U.S. adults nationwide and analyzed using a two-step analysis. First, theory-based causal modeling was conducted to examine the effects of consumer concerns on hesitation, accounting for ambivalence as a mediator and informed environmental benefits as a moderator. Second, machine learning was used to cross-validate the findings.

Findings

Results show that certain types of consumer concerns increase hesitation, significantly mediated by ambivalence, and confirm that informed environmental benefits mitigate the effects of some concerns on hesitation.

Originality/value

This study contributes to building on the hierarchy of effects theory by exploring negatively nuanced constructs – concerns, ambivalence and hesitation – beyond the traditional constructs representing the cognitive, affective and conative stages of consumer decision-making. Findings provide strategic guidance to brands on how to communicate the new service to consumers. Leveraging theory-based causal modeling with machine learning-based predictive modeling provides a novel methodological approach to explaining and predicting consumer hesitation toward new services.
Enhancing motivation to learn through age diversity climate: a mediated moderation perspective
Authors: Singh Sweta , Chitre Chetan
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to further the understanding of the motivation to learn (ML) among an organisation’s older cohort of employees. It is proposed that age diversity climate (ADC) will positively impact ML by improving employees’ subjective age (SA) perception. Such a climate will indicate that the organisational climate is fair and inclusive regardless of the employee’s age.

Design/methodology/approach

Salaried Indian workers were administered a questionnaire on SA, ML and ADC.

Findings

ADC was positively related to ML, with SA acting as a mediator. The relationship is stronger for employees with higher chronological age (C.Age).

Practical implications

Policymakers and managers can draw from the findings and develop HR programs aimed at managing an age-diverse workforce and can incorporate measures that enhance the employability of the chronologically ageing but subjectively younger cohort to prevent premature departure from the labour market.

Originality/value

The present article contributes to the literature on work and ageing by investigating the subjective relationship of workers to their age. The findings also focus on successful ageing, thus contributing to the life span developmental theories.
Green persistence: unraveling the influence of green HR, green corporate strategy and green knowledge on employee persistence in green tasks
Authors: Ali Ahmed , Tariq Hussain
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it aims to empirically examine the relationship between green HR practices, green knowledge and employee persistence in green tasks. Second, it investigates the moderating effect of corporate environmental strategy on the relationship of green HR – green knowledge – employee persistence in green tasks.

Design/methodology/approach

Responses from 355 employees across various companies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were collected using a survey. The data were analyzed using simple mediation and moderated mediation models.

Findings

This study confirms that green HR practices influence green knowledge, which in turn determines employee persistence in green tasks. Moreover, the results show that corporate environmental strategy positively strengthens the indirect relationship between green HR practices and employee persistence through green knowledge.

Originality/value

This study offers a novel perspective on employee persistence in green tasks, including its proximal and distal predictors and a boundary condition. Specifically, it theoretically links and empirically tests corporate environmental strategy, green HR practices and green knowledge with employee persistence. Additionally, it develops a measurement scale for employee persistence in green tasks.
Breaking good? Young people's mechanisms of resilience, resistance and control
Authors: Fox Claire , Deakin Jo
Published: November 2024

The conventional understanding of resilience often portrays it as a positive outcome emerging from adverse situations. This perspective frequently shapes interventions aimed at bolstering resilience among individuals considered to be in need. Drawing upon data from a European study, this paper contends that young people's apparent ‘latent rejection’ of favourable opportunities, or their deliberate choice to remain in precarious situations despite having some agency, should be recontextualised as unconventional but valid expressions of resilience. Instead of framing resilience solely as an aspirational concept, we propose a reframing that emphasises its role in coping with and surviving challenging circumstances. Furthermore, we advocate for the adoption of Mason's ‘safe‐uncertainty’ model to foster a more practical form of resilience. This approach towards a more sustainable resilience could be valuable in other fields dealing with those populations labelled as ‘vulnerable’, ‘problematic’ or ‘disadvantaged’, and it can, we argue, enhance decision‐making skills, and promote the development of robust support networks.
Czech validation of the Attitudes to Inclusion Scale and the Intention to Teach in Inclusive Classroom Scale among primary school teachers
Authors: Pivarč Jakub
Published: November 2024

The Attitudes to Inclusion Scale (AIS) and the Intention to Teach in Inclusive Classroom Scale (ITICS) are instruments widely used internationally for researching teachers' attitudes and intentions towards inclusive education (IE). This study presents information on psychometric analysis of the AIS and ITICS as well as their functioning in the Czech environment. Using a sample of 1434 teachers (88% female) from 140 regular public primary schools in the Czech Republic, confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the two‐factor structure of the AIS, which measures beliefs and feelings, as well as the structure of the ITICS, a unidimensional construct that measures the general intention of teachers in relation to IE. Both instruments achieved high reliability (ω ≥ 0.75), and convergent, discriminant, concurrent, and criterion validity were confirmed. The partially scalar for ITICS and fully strict invariance for AIS for the compared groups of teachers in terms of their age was achieved. The AIS and ITICS scales work well in the Czech sociocultural context and can be considered valid and reliable instruments for (international) comparisons of teachers' attitudes and intentions towards IE. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research directions are also discussed.
Serial killer and necrophilia: Report of twenty‐five years of treatment and management in a rare case
Authors: Rossetto Ilaria , Franconi Filippo , Carabellese Fulvio , Rivellini Gianfranco , Parente Lia , Carabellese Felice
Published: November 2024

The authors report a case of a sexual serial killer responsible for four homicides (one homosexual and three prostitutes) over a 12‐year period. The perpetrator was diagnosed with a severe personality disorder and necrophilia at the time of the crimes and was declared partially mentally impaired and dangerous to societal security by the Court of Jurisdiction for these crimes. The offender served 22 years in prison, including half of the detention in an OPG (High Security Forensic Psychiatry Hospital) receiving psychiatric treatment. This was followed by 3 years of internment in the REMS (Residences for the Execution of Security Measures): these facilities are regional mental health community facilities, each accommodating 20 patients, established throughout Italian administrative division. Such facilities are designed for the accommodation and treatment of offenders who are either deemed not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) or declared totally mentally impaired (Articles 88, Italian Penal Code) or assessed as partially mentally impaired (Article 89 Italian Penal Code), typically following reduced imprisonment terms. The case documents the history of schizophrenic disorder, the development of serial killers' behavior during incarceration, and the comprehensive process of treatment and management that encompasses 25 years. Cases documenting the evolution of the human path and long‐term treatment of serial killers remain rarely documented available in the literature.
Comparison Between Conventional and Artificial Intelligence‐Assisted Setup for Digital Implant Planning: Accuracy, Time‐Efficiency, and User Experience
Authors: Ntovas Panagiotis , Marchand Laurent , Schnappauf Albrect , Finkelman Matthew , Revilla‐Leon Marta , Att Wael
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To investigate the reliability and time efficiency of the conventional compared to the automatic artificial intelligence (AI) segmentation of the mandibular canal and registration of the CBCT with the model scan data, in relation to clinician's experience.

Materials and Methods

Twenty clinicians, 10 with a moderate and 10 with a high experience in computer‐assisted implant planning, were asked to perform a bilateral localization of the mandibular canal, followed by a registration of the intraoral model scan with the CBCT. Subsequently, for each data set and each participant, the same operations were performed utilizing the AI tool. Statistical significance was assessed via a mixed model (using the PROC MIXED statement and the compound symmetry covariance structure).

Results

The mean time for the segmentation of the mandibular canals and the registration of the models was 4.75 (2.03)min for the manual and 2.03 (0.36) min for the AI‐automated operations (p < 0.001). The mean discrepancy in the mandibular canals was 0.71 (1.80) mm RMS error for the manual segmentation and 0.68 (0.36) RMS error for the AI‐assisted segmentation (p > 0.05). For the registration between the CBCT and the intraoral scans, the mean discrepancy was 0.45 (0.16) mm for the manual and 0.37 (0.07) mm for the AI‐assisted superimposition (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

AI‐automated implant planning tools are feasible options that can lead to a similar or better accuracy compared to the conventional manual workflow, providing improved time efficiency for both experienced and less experienced users. Further research including a variety of software and data sets is required to be able to generalize the outcomes of the present study.
The Effect of Everolimus Versus Calcineurin Inhibitors on Quality of Life 10–12 Years After Heart Transplantation: The Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial (SCHEDULE Trial)
Authors: Grov Ingelin , Authen Anne Relbo , Arora Satish , Bergh Niklas , Rolid Katrine , Gustafsson Finn , Eiskjær Hans , Rådegran Göran , Gude Einar , Andreassen Arne K. , Halden Thea , Broch Kaspar , Gullestad Lars ,   the SCHEDULE investigators
Published: November 2024

Background

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are associated with long‐term complications after heart transplantation (HTx). Everolimus (EVR)‐based immunosuppression allows for CNI withdrawal. We used data from The Scandinavian heart transplant everolimus de novo study with early CNI avoidance (SCHEDULE) trial to assess whether health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) differed between patients on long‐term treatment with EVR versus a CNI‐based regimen.

Methods

In SCHEDULE, we randomized 115 patients (mean age 51 ± 13 years, 27% women) to cyclosporine (CNI group; n = 59), or early introduction of EVR and cyclosporine withdrawal within 11 weeks of HTx (EVR group; n = 56). The primary endpoint was the glomerular filtration rate. We used the Short Form‐36 (SF‐36v2), the EuroQoL visual analogue scale (EQ VAS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to assess HRQoL. We re‐evaluated the participants after 10–12 years.

Results

Seventy‐eight patients attended follow‐up at a median of 11 years after HTx. The SF‐36 physical component summary score increased from 32 ± 10 pre‐HTx to 44 ± 12 11 years after HTx (p < 0.01) in the EVR group and from 33 ± 9 to 44 ± 11 (p < 0.01) with CNI. The mental component summary score increased from 46 ± 12 to 53 ± 13 (EVR); p = 0.04 and from 38 ± 13 to 49 ± 13 (CNI); p < 0.01. Similar improvements were observed regarding EQ‐VAS and the BDI. There were no significant between‐group differences for either measure of HRQoL.

Conclusions

In heart transplant recipients, an EVR‐based immunosuppressive strategy resulted in similar long‐term improvements in HRQoL as treatment with a CNI‐based regimen.
Replication code availability over time and across fields: Evidence from the German Socio‐Economic Panel
Authors: Fink Lukas , Marcus Jan
Published: November 2024

Providing replication code is an inexpensive way to facilitate reproducibility. However, little is known about the extent of replication code provision. Therefore, we examine the availability of replication code for over 2500 peer‐reviewed articles based on the German Socio‐Economic Panel (SOEP), one of the most widely used datasets in economics and other social sciences. We find that only 6% of SOEP‐based studies have code available, but that this proportion has increased sharply over time. We provide evidence that the increase in code provision is driven by technological advances, individual researcher initiatives, and journal policies.
Blinding of transcranial direct current stimulation is compromised in typically developing children compared to young adults
Authors: Bertrand Sophia , Rich Tonya , Nemanich Samuel
Published: November 2024

Achieving successful blinding is a persistent challenge for clinical trials involving transcranial direct current stimulation. Studies involving populations with increased sensory sensitivity, such as children, could be at risk for increased bias from inadequate blinding due to unique sensation of stimulation relative to adults. The objectives of this study were 1) To examine differences in transcranial stimulation blinding between children and young adults and its relationship to sensory sensitivity. 2) To test the efficacy of an ActiSham protocol for participant blinding, compared to a traditional sham protocol. Typically developing right‐handed children (N = 12, 5–14 yr) and young adults (N = 15, 15–25 yr) completed a single‐session study to test transcranial stimulation blinding after three conditions counterbalanced across participants: Active, Sham and ActiSham. Stimulation was paired with a motor learning task to simulate a combinatory neurorehabilitation intervention. After each condition, participants reported if they received real or fake stimulation and their response confidence. To quantify sensory sensitivity, participants completed the Sensory Profile (second edition). Compared to a chance level, 1) children and young adults correctly identified Active stimulation, 2) children incorrectly identified Sham and ActiSham stimulation and 3) young adults identified Sham and ActiSham stimulation at chance‐level. Blinding accuracy was not related to sensory sensitivity. Children report stimulation as real stimulation with higher confidence for almost all conditions, indicating unsuccessful blinding compared to young adults. Future studies should consider alternative sham protocols or methods to improve blinding in child participants.
Corticospinal excitability and voluntary activation of the quadriceps muscle is not affected by a single session of anodal transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation in healthy, young adults
Authors: Stępień Grzegorz , Jelonek Wojciech , Goodall Stuart , McNeil Chris J. , Łochyński Dawid
Published: November 2024

The aim of the present study was to determine if anodal transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) affects corticospinal excitability (CSE) and voluntary activation (VA) of the quadriceps femoris muscle (QM). This was a double‐blind, randomized study in which spine‐shoulder anodal tsDCS (active electrode centered over T11–12, 2.5 mA, 20 min) was applied in a seated position. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to measure motor evoked potentials (MEP) and construct stimulus–response curves in healthy participants (eight females and five males, Experiment 1). VA was measured via the interpolated twitch technique, whereby muscle twitches were evoked using electrical femoral nerve stimulation and TMS (seven females and six males, Experiment 2). Measurements were carried out before, directly, and 30 min after sham and anodal tsDCS (with ≥4 days between sessions). There was no interaction between stimulation × time on stimulus–response curve expressed by slope, stimulus intensity corresponding to 50% of the maximal MEP, and peak‐to‐peak amplitude of the maximal MEP. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque did not change and VA was not affected regardless of the QM torque level (25, 50, or 100% of MVIC). A single, twenty‐minute session of spine‐shoulder anodal tsDCS did not increase CSE and VA of QM during submaximal and maximal contraction. This suggests that neither excitability to a known input nor responsiveness of motoneurons to submaximal and maximal cortical drive were affected by anodal tsDCS.
Outcome following standing flank laparotomy for treatment of uterine torsion in 87 Arabian mares
Authors: Derbala M. K. , Hassan E. A. , Abu‐Seida A. M.
Published: November 2024

Background

Uterine torsion (UT) is an infrequent serious obstetric disorder in pregnant mares.

Objective

To record the outcome of standing flank laparotomy (SFL) for correction of UT in Straight Egyptian Arabian mares.

Study design

Retrospective analysis of medical records.

Methods

Hospital records of all pregnant mares that underwent SFL for correction of UT between 2018 and 2022 were analysed. The signalment, history, clinical signs, results of diagnostic techniques, direction and degree of UT, treatment and outcome, rebreeding and recurrence were retrieved and analysed.

Results

Out of 97 mares treated with SFL for correction of UT, 87 (89.7%) animals were Straight Egyptian Arabian mares. The median age of the Straight Egyptian Arabian mares presented with UT was 12 ± 2.3 years (Range: 5–18 and IQR: 7–15 years). The median gestational age at the time of occurrence of UT was 270 ± 2.4 days (Range: 210–315 and IQR: 255–260 days). The majority of UT (75.9%) was recorded ≤270 days. The direction of torsion was clockwise in 36 (41.4%) mares and anticlockwise in 51 (58.6%) mares. The degree of UT ranged between <180° and ≥360°. After surgery, 82/87 (94.3%) mares successfully delivered a live foal. However, four mares (4.6%) aborted after 2–15 days of surgery and one mare (1.1%) died after surgery due to rectal tears and intestinal prolapse. Following SFL, 86/87 (98.9%) mares survived. Of the surviving 86 mares, 82 (95.3%) gave birth to viable mature foals. In contrast to the direction of torsion and gender of the foal, the stage of gestation at which UT occurred significantly affected foal survival (p = 0.018).

Conclusion

Pregnant Straight Egyptian Arabian mares are at risk of developing UT during the third trimester of pregnancy. Standing flank laparotomy is an effective operation for treating UT in mares, with good foal and mare survival rates.
The Migrant Care Work Regime and the Making of the Constant‐Care Worker Among Indian Immigrant Nurses
Authors: Banerjee Pallavi , O. Thomas Carieta
Published: November 2024

Indian nurses coming to the U.S. on H‐1B visas that tie them to employers are often the breadwinner for spouses and other family members on dependant visas, where the dependant spouses do not have the ability to work due to visa regulations, thus upsetting complex gender dynamics in the household. In this paper, we investigate how Indian immigrant nurses in the U.S. navigate their status as the primary migrant and, family breadwinner with the incessant feminizing discourse of immigrant nurses as selfless healers. The paper is based on in‐depth interviews with 30 Indian migrant nurses and their husbands, 10 immigration experts such as lawyers, legislators and activists, 3 years of ethnography in nursing conferences that Indian nurses in the U.S. attended, and in the homes and churches that the nurses and their families attended. Using the construct of “the caring self” our analysis shows that the nurses are continuously subjected to the discourse of nursing work as healing work in formal and informal contexts such as, by recruitment agencies, at nursing conferences, by superiors and peers at work, in their churches and at home. The internalization of the discourse of immigrant nurses as healers often prevent the nurses from processing and verbalizing their gendered and racialized experiences at work, demands of caregiving at home and the community at large. Nursing work as healing work becomes their path toward making of the caring self in the new country. As such, we argue that immigrant nurses operate in a “migrant care work regime” which is bolstered by the intersections of migration policies and a feminized and racialized discourse of migrant nursing work, creating the trope of the constant care worker that shapes the material realities of nurses as immigrant women care workers in the U.S.
Oldest‐in‐Human Successful Extraction Experience of a Novel Substernal Extravascular Defibrillator
Authors: Chauhan Karanjeet , Royse Alistair , Goh Ian , Crozier Ian , Wynn Gareth
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Substernal extravascular defibrillators (EV ICDs) have been shown to be effective and safe for patients at risk of sudden cardiac death, however, there is little evidence around the safety of extracting chronic devices.

Methods and Results

We present a 50‐year‐old patient in whom a Medtronic EV ICD system was successfully removed without specialist extraction tools, 186 weeks after implantation, by an operator experienced in transvenous lead extraction but without formal training in EVICD implantation.

Conclusion

The successful extraction of an EV ICD system is possible without specialised tools at least 3.6 years post‐implant.
Global material flows and resource productivity: The 2024 update
Authors: Schandl Heinz , Marcos‐Martinez Raymundo , West James , Miatto Alessio , Lutter Stephan , Lieber Mirko , Giljum Stefan , Lenzen Manfred , Li Mengyu , Wang Heming , Tanikawa Hiroki , Krausmann Fridolin , Eisenmenger Nina , Fischer‐Kowalski Marina
Published: November 2024

Accurate assessments of global primary material extraction, trade of primary materials and products, material use, waste, and emissions support the development of policies that facilitate the decoupling of economic activity, natural resource use, and related environmental impacts. Here, we quantify all crucial aspects of global and country‐by‐country material requirements needed to fuel economic activities, covering both territorial‐ and demand‐based indicators. These data have been assembled by a consortium of research partners that compile the global material flow and resource productivity online database for the International Resource Panel, which contributes to the global dataset for the System of Environmental–Economic Accounting (SEEA) framework and is employed to monitor progress for the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators 8.4 and 12.2. We present the main findings of the 2024 update, including methodological improvements and result differences, and discuss the main findings and limitations. Since the last update, we have identified a slowing of global materials extraction since about 2014, a continuation of solid growth in direct trade of materials and products, persistent inequality in resource use between high‐ and low‐income countries, and a prolonged improvement in global material productivity. The full dataset used herein can be downloaded from the Global Material Flow Database hosted by the United Nations Environment Program International Resource Panel.
Monitoring panels of sparse functional data
Authors: Kutta Tim , Jach Agnieszka , Kokoszka Piotr
Published: November 2024

Panels of random functions are common in applications of functional data analysis. They often occur when sequences of functions are observed at a number of different locations. We propose a methodology to monitor for structural breaks in such panels and to identify the changing components with statistical certainty. Our approach relies on a Full‐CUSUM statistic that has proved to be powerful in finite dimensions but has not been applied to functional data. To account for the practically relevant problem of sparsity, we formulate our results for triangular arrays of nonstationary, sparse estimators. The derivation of our asymptotic theory relies on new Gaussian approximations on the Banach space of continuous functions, which imply new convergence results for the change point detectors. We illustrate our approach with a simulation study and application to intraday returns on exchange traded funds.
Have Autocrats Governed for the Long Term?
Authors: Millemaci Emanuele , Monteforte Fabio , Temple Jonathan R. W.
Published: November 2024

The short answer is: probably not. We infer the priorities of national governments from observed outcomes, constructing a statistical proxy for long‐term benevolence. Using data between 1960 and 2019 for more than 100 countries, we show that, on average, democracies score more highly on our measure. We then investigate whether variation in long‐term benevolence can explain the ‘autocratic gamble’—the well‐known tendency for growth rates to vary more widely across autocracies than across democracies. We show that the distribution of long‐term benevolence under democracy first‐order stochastically dominates its distribution under autocracy. Put differently, although there is an autocratic gamble in growth rates, there is no autocratic gamble in wider development outcomes. The rapid growth seen in some autocracies probably originates in regime self‐interest rather than unusually benevolent leadership.
Cultural Aspects of Tax Preferences in Transition Economies
Authors: Andriani Luca , Ashyrov Gaygysyz , Douarin Elodie
Published: November 2024

In this work, we look at the role played by cultural values on individuals' tax preferences towards contributing to public goods. More specifically, looking at the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Former Soviet Union (FSU), we analyse the role of specific cultural values in the willingness of an individual to pay more taxes with the aim of improving public good provision relating to education, health and support of people in need, as well as to combat climate change. To this purpose, we integrate Hofstede's cultural dichotomy individualism–collectivism with Schwartz's cultural dichotomy embeddedness–autonomy, as both capture similar values regarding group interest and self‐determination. We posit that individual values aligned with the concept of individualism/autonomy will be associated with a greater willingness to contribute towards public good provision. Our analysis exploits data from the third wave of the Life in transition Survey (2015–2016). Our analyses reveal that respondents' willingness to contribute to different types of public and common goods is positively associated with them holding values compatible with individualism/autonomy. These associations are statistically significant and robust to changes in specifications and estimators and to changes in the sample investigated..
Misogyny, politics, and social media determinants of hostile engagement against women parliamentarians on Twitter
Authors: Boukemia Jana , Sältzer Marius , Boyer Sébastien
Published: November 2024

Politicians use social media to engage directly with the public using diverse communication styles including aggressive or uncivil language. Yet, little is known about gender differences in politicians' communication styles and their subsequent online reactions. In this study, we investigate whether women politicians who use critical or insulting language on Twitter face disproportionate backlash compared to men politicians. To test our hypothesis, we employ a self‐developed supervised language classifier to categorize @‐mentions of parliamentarians into two incivility levels: criticism and insults. We find that men and women MPs tweet with a similar level of incivility, including both critical and insulting language. For critical language, we find that both men and women MPs receive more critical responses when sending a higher number of critical tweets. In the case of insulting language, we find evidence of a gendered pattern: Compared to men MPs, women MPs receive a higher number of insulting tweets but can reduce such responses to a small degree when being more insulting themselves. These findings underscore that female MPs navigate a more hostile online environment that compels them to use more insulting language as a means of self‐defense.