bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are mercury emissions from satellite electric propulsion an environmental concern?*
Authors: Fourie Dan , Hedgecock Ian M , De Simone Francesco , Sunderland Elsie M , Pirrone Nicola
Published: October 2019

A new generation of satellites for Earth observation and telecommunications are being designed and built with off the shelf components. This is driving down costs and permitting the launch of large satellite swarms with unprecedented spatial and temporal coverage. On-orbit maneuvers are commonly performed using ion thrusters. Mercury is one of the cheapest and easiest to store propellants for electric propulsion. While some mercury released in Low Earth Orbit may escape Earth’s gravitational field, mercury emissions originating from many common orbital maneuvers will return to Earth. The environmental and human health implications of such releases have not been evaluated. Using an atmospheric chemical transport model, we simulate global deposition of mercury released from satellite propulsion systems. We estimate that 75% of the mercury falling back to Earth will be deposited in the world’s oceans, with potentially negative implications for commercial fish and other marine life. Understanding the scale of this novel mercury source in a post-Minamata Convention world is necessary to limit ecosystem exposure to mercury contamination.
Optimization of settlement land use through carbon footprint approach in The North Balikpapan
Authors: Ghozali A , Hasanah N , Subchan
Published: October 2019

Limited land in the downtown area as well as the increasing amount of new activities centre causes residential development leads to North Balikpapan. This area is an urban fringe with vast protected forests as buffer zone and catchment area for the city and surrounding area. Land conversion in this area will increase hazard risk of inundation, water quality decrease and increased CO2 emissions. Therefore, development should be maintained environmental stability. One of the rights applicated approach is carbon footprint that is capable to measure the balance between production and absorption needs of CO2 emissions. To find the optimal land allocation, we used carbon footprint calculation from the household activities, identify the factors of settlement growth, and use Linear Programming analysis. Analysis’ results show that settlement activities in North Balikpapan produce 108.362,4 tCO2/year or equivalent with 618,50 Ha green space. Meanwhile, the development of settlement in North Balikpapan is affected by social demographic, developer initiative, environmental condition, public facilities availability, economical structure, and policy factors. According to those factors, optimal allocation of settlement area in North Balikpapan is only about 4,510.01 Ha. With that condition, it still able to absorb CO2 emissions from inside or outside the area around 2.751 tCO2/year.
Analyzing the occupant’s awareness, behavior and obstacle in achieving energy efficiency in a campus building
Authors: Prafitasiwi A G , Rohman M A
Published: October 2019

Campus building is essential to be the pioneer of the energy saving-system in the society. Occupant’s behavior should be considered to better formulate an appropriate energy-saving strategy in the campus building. This paper identifies the social parameters in achieving energy efficiency in campus building using a quantitative approach. Data will be collected through survey involving the campus building’s occupants. Series of statistical tools consists mean ranking, Analysis of Variance (Anova) and factor analysis will be applied in this research. It is expected that this finding can be used to formulate an appropriate energy-saving system based on the occupant’s behavior evaluation.
Evaluation of slum potential settlement data collection system toward Surabaya smart government (case study: Keputih Sub District)
Authors: Aulia B U , Muklason A , Santoso E B , Farikha N
Published: October 2019

The existence of slum areas is one of the main problems that occur in the city of Surabaya. The Surabaya City Government continues to make efforts to renew the slum area data collection system in order to provide appropriate and targeted treatment. This research was conducted to evaluate the existence of the data collection system, the process and quality, also the sustainability of the slum settlement data collection system through a Likert scale assessment. The results of this study show that the existence of data collection and involvement aspects (score: 4.44) has a better performance in Keputih Sub District compared to other aspects, which are process and quality aspects (score: 4.11) and sustainability aspects (score: 4.33). Based on the evaluation results on the criteria of each aspect shows the need for improvement in the following matters: 1) potential slum settlement data collection program (score: 3.33) in the aspect of data collection and involvement; 2) the data collection process (score: 2.67) in the process and quality aspects in the data collection system; 3) improving the quality of human resources involved in data collection (score: 2.67) in the aspects of process and quality in the data collection system; 4) data recapitulation process (score: 2.67) in the sustainability aspect of data collection.
Transformation of urban flood modelling from hydrodynamic to system dynamics approach
Authors: Susetyo C , Idajati H , Navastara A M
Published: October 2019

Flood problem is one of the key issues in the urban water management practice. Currently, there is a gap between flood prediction techniques, which mostly by Hydrologic Modelling, and the water management modelling, which mostly use the System Dynamic approach. This paper evaluates the possibility of the integration of hydrodynamic modelling to System Dynamics, which is one of the most common method to develop an urban water modelling. By integrating hydrodynamic modelling within a larger system dynamics-based urban water modelling, the hazard aspect of urban water management can thoroughly be examined. In this paper, the integration of Hydrodynamic Modelling into system dynamics-based urban water modelling is achieved by implementing the flow inputs of hydrodynamic modelling as a variable in the system dynamics.
Spatial interaction between urban and peri-urban regions of Surabaya metropolitan area and its impact to the carbon footprint of transportation sector
Authors: Santoso E B , Aulia B U , Aninditya D N , Handayeni K D M
Published: October 2019

Surabaya Metropolitan Area is the dominant urban agglomeration in East Java Province as the center of regional economic development. The population growth and economic activities have significantly affects to the periphery area, one of which is Sidoarjo Regency where is directly border to the southern part of Surabaya City. Sidoarjo Regency as a supporting area has a main function in the provision of residential and industrial areas which causes the expansion of urban areas of Surabaya. The relationship between urban and peri-urban areas has the potential to increase the flow of people, goods and vehicles from Surabaya to Sidoarjo and vice versa. It causes congestion and air pollution problems from vehicles in the corridor of the area with a high level of interaction. The purpose of this study is to estimate the level of spatial interaction between urban and peri-urban areas as well as the environmental impacts, mainly carbon emissions and ecological footprint. The analysis was carried out using the gravity method to measure spatial interactions, while carbon emissions analysis uses quantitative method with data on emission factors and the number of vehicles between Surabaya City and Sidoarjo Regencies, as well as their effects on ecological footprint. The results show that the peri-urban area surrounding border of Surabaya City has the highest level of spatial interaction. The strong interaction between urban areas and peri-urban areas has an impact on increasing carbon emissions between these two regions and also their ecological footprint.
Ecosystem services-based land use suitability analysis in East Java Province
Authors: Firmansyah F , Yusuf M , Setiawan P R , Susetyo C
Published: October 2019

Land Use planning method nowadays has been developed from many perspectives. One of the considered approaches is ecosystem based which is integrating ecosystem services in constructing land use plan scenario. The concept of ecosystem services is strictly linked to changes in land use and land cover, which affect ecosystem services, moreover this determine a decrease in global environmental and biodiversity loss. In this paper we aim to construct an ecosystem services-based industrial suitability map as an input for land use planning. The construction of ecosystem services map process involves expert judgement from stakeholders in order to know which ecosystem services classification should be taken into account in determining spatial allocation for industrial use. Furthermore, the carrying capacity map is constructed based on physical aspects such as morphology, water availability, disaster vulnerability, etc. In the construction process, stakeholders are also asked to give weight to the physical aspects, this is important since the data are then merged using weighted overlay method. The suitability map is resulted from the overlay of carrying capacity map and ecosystem services map in East Java Province scope.
Determination of location criteria of PKL Center as tool for success relocation
Authors: Idajati H , Susetyo C , Safitri E W
Published: October 2019

Street vendor is an informal sector that performs its economic activity by using an area which is not in accordance with the government’s spatial planning and considered as an additional to the urban issues, however the street vendor is an essential aspect in Indonesian urban cities. The relocation of street vendors is aiming for location management in accordance to carry out training program about the services activities of the informal sector by the government. At 2016, Surabaya is actively on beautifying the urban area by relocated the street vendors, including all street vendors along Arif Rahman Hakim Street. Those street vendors have been relocated to several Street Vendor Centers along the same street.The effort of minimizing any the changes of those street vendors to return to the side of the road to vend is by measuring the effectiveness of the street vendor’s relocation, targeted on these points: 1) identifying the street vendor’s characteristic, 2) measuring the effectiveness level of the previous relocation, and 3) formulate a location’s criteria which is suitable for the street vendors of Arif Rahman Hakim Street in order to improve the effectiveness of the relocation.Thus, it can be concluded that these street vendors is in good term. And relatively concluded, the relocation of Arif Rahman Hakim Street’s street vendors is quite effective.
Impacts of inter-urban transportation railway to regional development (Case study: Sukaraja District - Bogor Regency - West Java Province)
Authors: Kasikoen K M , Suprajaka  , Martini E
Published: October 2019

Inter-urban transportation railway becomes the chosen mass transportation mode by the people for daily commuting. The tariff is relatively cheaper and affordable. The travel times are shorter as compared to other modes of transportation. This study aimed to understand the development surrounding Jakarta – Bogor Inter-urban transportation railway station - Cilebut Station located in Sukaraja District. Correlation between passengers and population is 0.99 that shows great impacts to development area surrounding it. Analysis of development aspects are land use, population, and economic change. Using Geographic Information System analysis from the year 2010 to 2015, residential area increased by 18.11% and plantation area decreased by 32.9%. Population was analyzed using average rate of growth from the year 2011 to 2015, the result is 4.6%. Population density increased from 3809 people/sq.km to 4694 people/sq.km. Facilities of industry and grocery store increased, likewise labor structure of business and hotel increased by 11350 persons and services by 3460 persons. But agriculture labor decreased by 894 persons. Based on this research, local government should be alerted. In the case a region has a railway station and is stopped-by inter-urban transportation trains, the area development will take place rapidly, intervention needs to be done.
Simulation of Voluntary TDM scenarios on road service level in corridor of Nicolau dos Reis Lobato-Kolmera, Timor-Leste
Authors: Handayeni K D M E , Gomes E F
Published: October 2019

Nicolau dos Reis Corridor Lobato-Kolmera is one of the corridors in the center of Dili City with the dominance use of office, trade and services activities. This effects a high trip attraction, so the level of road service in this corridor starts to be unstable especially during peak hour. At present there is no policy to deal with congestion issues in terms of managing travel demand. Therefore, this study aims to develop Voluntary-based Travel Demand Management (TDM) scenarios that can improve road service in the Nicolau dos Reis Lobato-Kolmera Corridor. Scenario is developed through simulation of multiple linear regression models and calculation of degree of saturation (DS). The results show that the TDM scenario in the form of Vanpool is considered more effective in improving road level services compared to Carpool and Flextime scenarios. The scenario of Vanpool and Flextime can be developed in office activities, while in trade and service activities require a combination of Carpool and Flextime policies to significantly reduce DS values.
The spatial configuration of crime in Surabaya
Authors: Satiawan P R , Tucunan K P , Azarine R Y
Published: October 2019

As a second larger city in Indonesia, Surabaya is listed among highest crime rate city in this country. One of the prominent crime in Surabaya is a street crime. This is a type of crime that often occurs in in public spaces which can be experienced by anyone. One of the urban planner guideline in integrating spatial approach to prevent crime is defensible space theory, this research is deducting the theory as a variable as well as inducting variable that might vary between location to country. Using ethnographic approach, the interview was conducted with a crime offenders that later triangulate with the other conventional expert. This research found that there are two (2) types of space in each crime incident, which researcher defined as a action space and defense space. Action space consist of three types of space which are: the observation space, the execution space, and the escape space. Meanwhile, the defense space can be categorized as space that can be maintained positively and space that can be maintained neutral.
Investigation on modal behaviour of FGM annular plate under hygrothermal effect
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Singh Rahul
Published: October 2019

This paper investigates modal characteristics of FGM annular plate under hygrothermal effect. The mechanical properties are supposed to have a continuous variation along the thickness of the plate. The power law or sigmoid law functions are used to govern the resultant mechanical properties. The MUMPS eigen solver which is exists in COMSOL Multiphysics® (version 5.2) software is employed to obtain the eigenfrequencies and corresponding mode shapes. The accuracy of the method is validated by comparing the results with the results published work for particular case. Effects of functionally graded index, radius- to-thickness ratio, and temperature and moisture changes on the natural frequencies are discussed in detail. An excessive stress due to drastic moisture and temperature gradients make the engineering structures susceptible to failure. Due to the fact that, continuously identified natural frequencies of vibration under temperature and moisture effect can provide unique information during both initial fabrication and service life of different mechanical structures. Hence, this study can be helpful directly or indirectly in development of highly efficient environmental sensors that are very necessary in a structural health monitoring perspective. It can be observed that the fundamental frequency decreases with increase in functionally graded index and the moisture content rise under the power law model whereas under sigmoid law model the frequencies remain almost constant with increase in functionally graded index.
Influence of S0 Type of Addendum Modification on Sliding Performance of Spur Gears
Authors: Niranjan Y C , Prithvi C , Sridhara B K
Published: October 2019

The effect of S0 type of addendum modification on sliding velocity of the involute spur gear has been studied. For the analysis four critical points such as Beginning of Engagement, Low Point of Single Tooth Contact, High Point of Single Tooth Contact and Disengagement point corresponding to pinion are considered. Length of approach and length of recess for modified gears are evaluated. Effects of addendum modification on contact fatigue life and wear prediction are discussed. Product of contact stress and sliding velocity ( σh
* Vs
) at critical points for varied addendum modification factor X are evaluated, and its effect on sliding velocity has been analysed. Effect of change in value (σh
* Vs
) at critical points of contact for modified gear pair on Hertzian fatigue is discussed.
Vibration based real time brake health monitoring system – A machine learning approach
Authors: Alamelu Manghai T M , Jegadeeshwaran R
Published: October 2019

In an automobile, the brake system is the most important control component which ensures the safety of both passengers and vehicles. The continuous application of the brake causes the system gets faulty due to reasons like wear, mechanical fade, oil leak, etc., These faults or failures need to be monitored using proper monitoring techniques in order to avoid the incidents that may lead to accidents. Thus, the continuous monitoring of the brake system is very much essential for the safety of the vehicle. In this study, an experimental investigation was carried out for monitoring the brake system using vibration signals. An experimental setup which resembles the brake system was fabricated. The vibration signals were acquired under various brake condition such as good and faulty. From the acquired vibration signals, the features were extracted using statistical feature extraction techniques and feature selection was carried out. The selected features were then classifieds using a set of tree family classifiers such as random forest, random tree, LMT and decision tree. The classification accuracy of all the algorithms was compared and discussed.
Impact of Adaboost and Support Vector Machine Classifier in Automotive Sector
Authors: Frederick Graceson Jeriel , Sakthivel G , Jagadeeshwaran
Published: October 2019

The automobile industry is moving towards complete automation of vehicles. While the automation of vehicles can reduce the workload to human beings, we also need to make sure that safety is not compromised in the process. One of the integral components of the automation of vehicles is the detection of several obstacles. Obstacles may include lamp post, pedestrians, animals, vehicles, etc. This project involves detection of commercial vehicles that are present in front of the host vehicle and is limited only to far and middle region. The classification is done in two steps: Adaboost Training and Support Vector Machine Training. Adaboost being a weak classifier is used to reduce the reaction time of the entire system. Even though the classifier does not produce more accurate results it will reduce the time taken for classification considerably. Support Vector Machine algorithm will produce better classification result as it makes use of a hyperplane to separate between the classes. Support Vector Machine being a strong classifier gives better result but increases the reaction time taken for classification. In order to counter this problem Adaboost Training is done. Adaboost is a set of weak classifiers which will classify at a better speed but the results may not be accurate. Therefore, this Adaboost classification is done at first and only the positive classification from the Adaboost classifier are sent for Support Vector Machine classification. This will make sure that more time will not be used for the Support Vector Machine classification. Based on the classification if the result specifies that there is an object, the distance will be computed. Based on the distance and the speed of the host vehicle, the time to avoid collision can be calculated. The needs to be a lookup table to match different time frames with reduction of gears and the speed respectively. The ECU will manage the speed variation and the gear shift required through the control system that will give the time to avoid collision as the output. Therefore, the collision can be avoided by obstacle detection and computation of distance of the object.
Financial Incentives May Influence Health Behaviors, But Do We End Up With Less Than We Paid For? A Self-determination Theory Perspective
Authors: Moller Arlen C , Ntoumanis Nikos , Williams Geoffrey C
Published: October 2019

Paying people to make healthier choices produces inconsistent and sometimes harmful results. Considering how payments can feel coercive is important for promoting long-term, holistic well-being.
199 Hospital Discharges for Acute Stroke in Ireland: National Data 2005-2017
Authors: Coveney Sarah , McCabe John J , Marnane Michael , Kelly P J , Murphy Sean
Published: October 2019

Background

Acute stroke and its aftermath is the commonest cause of acquired disability amongst community dwelling adults.

Analysis of hospital discharge rates over time and the influence of patient age is important and may offer important insights on how best to configure stroke prevention and clinical services.

Here, we analyse hospital discharge data for Ireland for 2005-2017.

Methods

A retrospective review of stroke discharges, with a primary diagnosis of stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage, was performed.

National data on acute hospital discharge from all acute hospitals in Ireland was obtained from the Hospital Inpatient Patient Enquiry (HIPE) database for discharges between 1st January 2005 and 31st December 2017.

Results were examined across 4 age groups; 15-49 years, 49 to 64 years, 65 to 80 years and >80 years.

Age specific acute stroke hospital discharge rates were calculated using Irish population census data.

Results

There has been a steady increase in the incidence of ischaemic stroke in those between 15- 49 years between 2005-2017 (0.08 v 0.18 per 1,000 patient-years). Rates of haemorrhagic stroke remained stable. A similar increase was noted in those aged 50-64 years.

There is a small downward trend in the incidence of ischaemic stroke in the 65-80 year age category (4.31 v 3.82 per 1000-patient years), with the biggest decrease in females. Stroke rates in the over 80s has remained stable.

Conclusion

Better understanding is needed of the risk factors underlying this worrying trend.

Clinical service providers will need to adapt to better deal with the challenges specific to stroke at younger age.
Severe Attack of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura With Neurological Involvement During Adalimumab Treatment for Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Condamina Morgane , Diaz Emmanuelle , Jamart Céline , Loget Jeffrey , Durlach Anne , Salmon Jean-Hugues , Cadiot Guillaume , Viguier Manuelle
Published: October 2019

Tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] inhibitors have revolutionised the management of chronic inflammatory conditions. A number of cutaneous adverse events have been reported with TNF inhibition, including vasculitis. Most reactions are mild and rarely warrant treatment withdrawal. Here we describe a patient with Crohn’s disease treated with adalimumab in whom severe multivisceral Henoch-Schönlein purpura developed, including neurological involvement, requiring definitive TNF blocker withdrawal.
Longitudinal Changes in Depressive Symptoms and Risks of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Li Haibin , Qian Frank , Hou Chenbei , Li Xia , Gao Qi , Luo Yanxia , Tao Lixin , Yang Xinghua , Wang Wei , Zheng Deqiang , Guo Xiuhua
Published: October 2019

Background

There remains a relative paucity of evidence for the association between changes in depressive symptoms with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the association of change in depressive symptoms and incident CVD and mortality in a large prospective cohort of middle-aged and older adults.

Methods

A total of 6,810 participants free of CVD in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study with two assessments of depressive symptoms at wave 1 (2011–2012) and wave 2 (2013–2014) were included. Elevated depressive symptoms were defined as a score of ≥12 on the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. We used a modified Poisson regression to examine the association of changes in depressive symptoms (never, onset, remitted, and persistent) and incident CVD (a composite endpoint of heart disease or stroke) and mortality at wave 3 (2015–2016).

Results

During follow-up, 457 CVDs and 148 deaths occurred. Multivariable analyses revealed that persistent depressive symptoms were associated with an elevated risk of CVD (risk ratio = 1.77, 95% confidence interval = 1.38–2.26) and mortality (risk ratio = 1.63, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–2.64) compared with participants without any depressive symptoms. New-onset depressive symptoms increased the mortality risk (risk ratio = 2.37, 95% confidence interval = 1.52–3.69), but not CVD (risk ratio = 1.15, 95% confidence interval = 0.84–1.58). Remitted depressive symptoms were associated with a 35% and 13% excess risk of CVD and mortality, respectively.

Conclusion

Persistent and remitted depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of CVD. New-onset depressive symptoms predicted elevated mortality risk.
Comparison of seismic interferometry techniques for the retrieval of seismic body waves in CO2 sequestration monitoring
Authors: Cao Haitao , Askari Roohollah
Published: October 2019

Ambient noise seismic interferometry performed by cross-correlation has been proven to be a potential cost-effective technique for geological studies. To improve the resolution of images created by interferometry, additional techniques using deconvolution and cross-coherence have been introduced. While all three methods have previously been evaluated using surface wave data for shear-wave imaging of the near surface, comparatively little study has been devoted to assess the three methods for the retrieval of body waves in reflection surveys for time-lapse application. Moreover, although the application of seismic interferometry to CO2 sequestration by cross-correlation has been investigated by many researchers, to our knowledge, similar time-lapse studies have not been conducted using deconvolution and cross-coherence methods. We evaluate the three methods of cross-correlation, deconvolution and cross-coherence for the retrieval of phase information contained in virtual seismic records by applying seismic interferometry to synthetic data, using a model reservoir before and after CO2 injection. By examining two approaches of regularization and smoothing factors to suppress spurious reflection events observed on the deconvolution and cross-coherence results, we note that both approaches provide similar results. We investigate noise effects by adding random noise independently at each geophone. Finally, we apply these techniques to field data recorded near the CO2 storage site in Ketzin, Germany. For both our numerical and field data studies, we find that the cross-coherence technique retrieves the phase information of body-wave data more effectively than the cross-correlation and deconvolution techniques, and is less sensitive to uncorrelated noise from shallow sources.
Online dictionary learning method for extracting GPR diffractions
Authors: Zhao Jingtao , Yu Caixia , Peng Suping , Chen Zongnan
Published: October 2019

Diffractions in a Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) data carry significant responses from near-surface small-scale fractures or karsts. However, this geological information is generally difficult to extract because of the shielding effect of strong reflections from subsurface layers. In order to solve this problem, a GPR diffraction extraction method is proposed for individually separating and imaging of GPR diffractions that incorporates a local plane-wave destruction filter with an online dictionary learning algorithm. The strong reflections are estimated and eliminated by the local plane-wave destruction method and the weak GPR diffractions are extracted by a sparse coding algorithm. In solving this model, a trust-region algorithm is used for accelerating the sparse coding procedures that can scale up gracefully to a large GPR data processing. A numerical experiment demonstrates the good performance of the proposed method in destroying strong reflections and enhancing weak diffractions from small-scale void holes. Real data application further verifies its potential value in resolving fine details of subsurface small-scale buried targets, such as pipes or void holes.
Prothymosin α promotes STAT3 acetylation to induce cystogenesis in Pkd1‐deficient mice
Authors: Chen Yi‐Cheng , Su Yu‐Chu , Shieh Gia‐Shing , Su Bing‐Hua , Su Wen‐Cheng , Huang Pei‐Hsin , Jiang Si‐Tse , Shiau Ai‐Li , Wu Chao‐Liang
Published: October 2019

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by the expansion of fluid‐filled cysts in the kidney, which impair the function of kidney and eventually leads to end‐stage renal failure. It has been previously demonstrated that transgenic overexpression of prothymosin α (ProT) induces the development of PKD; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used a mouse PKD model that sustains kidney‐specific low‐expression of Pkd1 to illustrate that aberrant up‐regulation of ProT occurs in cyst‐lining epithelial cells, and we further developed an in vitro cystogenesis model to demonstrate that the suppression of ProT is sufficient to reduce cyst formation. Next, we found that the expression of ProT was accompanied with prominent augmentation of protein acetylation in PKD, which results in the activation of downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3. The pathologic role of STAT3 in PKD has been previously reported. We determined that this molecular mechanism of protein acetylation is involved with the interaction between ProT and STAT3; consequently, it causes the deprivation of histone deacetylase 3 from the indicated protein. Conclusively, these results elucidate the significant role of ProT, including protein acetylation and STAT3 activation in PKD, which represent potential for ameliorating the disease progression of PKD.—Chen, Y.‐C., Su, Y.‐C., Shieh, G.‐S., Su, B.‐H., Su, W.‐C., Huang, P.‐H., Jiang, S.‐T., Shiau, A.‐L., Wu, C.‐L. Prothymosin α promotes STAT3 acetylation to induce cystogenesis in Pkd1‐deficient mice. FASEB J. 33, 13051–13061 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Biosynthetic metabolomes of cysteinyl‐containing immunoresolvents
Authors: Jouvene Charlotte C. , Shay Ashley E. , Soens Mieke A. , Norris Paul C. , Haeggström Jesper Z. , Serhan Charles N.
Published: October 2019

Resolution of inflammation is an active process regulated by specialized proresolving mediators where we identified 3 new pathways producing allylic epoxide‐derived mediators that stimulate regeneration [i.e., peptido‐conjugates in tissue regeneration (CTRs)]. Here, using self‐limited Escherichia coli peritonitis in mice, we identified endogenous maresin (MaR) CTR (MCTR), protectin (PD) CTR (PCTR), and resolvin CTR in infectious peritoneal exudates and distal spleens, as well as investigated enzymes involved in their biosynthesis. PCTRs were identified to be temporally regulated in peritoneal exudates and spleens. PCTR1 and MCTR1 were each produced by human recombinant leukotriene (LT) C4 synthase (LTC4S) and glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) [microsomal GST (mGST)2, mGST3, and GST‐μ (GSTM)4] from their epoxide precursors [16S,17S‐epoxy‐PD (ePD) and 13S,14S‐epoxy‐MaR (eMaR)], with preference for GSTM4. Both eMaR and ePD inhibited LTB4 production by LTA4 hydrolase. LTC4S, mGST2, mGST3, and GSTM4 were each expressed in human M1‐ and M2‐like macrophages where LTC4S inhibition increased CTRs. Finally, PCTR1 showed potent analgesic action. These results demonstrate CTR biosynthesis in mouse peritonitis, human spleens, and human macrophages, as well as identification of key enzymes in these pathways. Moreover, targeting LTC4S increases CTR metabolomes, giving a new strategy to stimulate resolution and tissue regeneration.—Jouvene, C. C., Shay, A. E., Soens, M. A., Norris, P. C., Haeggström, J. Z., Serhan, C. N. Biosynthetic metabolomes of cysteinyl‐containing immunoresolvents. FASEB J. 33, 13794‐13807 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Cosmetic-Related Pediatric Exposures Are a Main Source of Calls to Poison Centers
Authors: Brodhead Frank
Published: October 2019

Storage precautions like those for medications are recommended.
Case management
Authors: Armold Sarah
Published: October 2019

Case management offers an exciting opportunity for nurses as they decide how best to serve their patients. This article discusses the role of case managers in the healthcare setting.
New Drugs 2019, part 4
Authors: Hussar Daniel A.
Published: October 2019

This article reviews nine drugs recently approved by the FDA, including indications, precautions, adverse reactions, and nursing considerations.
Positive Bacterial Culture Results at a Dermatologic Surgery Center: A Single-Site Retrospective Review
Authors: Dietert Jessica B. , Ko James , Hurst Eva. A.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Typical prophylactic coverage of suspected cutaneous surgical-site infections (SSIs) predominantly covers gram-positive bacteria. Data regarding the frequency of infection with unusual bacteria, not covered by prophylaxis, are not available.

OBJECTIVE

A retrospective 10-year review of culture-positive infections at a single academic site was performed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

All positive bacterial culture results at the Washington University Center for Dermatologic and Cosmetic Surgery between October 31, 2007, and October 31, 2017, were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS

Coagulase-negative staphylococcus accounted for 20.8% of positive culture results. Staphylococcus aureus caused 45.4% of infections. The remaining 33.8% were due to non–S. aureus bacteria, most frequently with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.8%). Numerous other gram-negative organisms and unusual gram-positive organisms were cultured. The lower extremity and ear were the only sites more likely to be infected with non–S. aureus bacteria. Smokers and immunosuppressed individuals were not more likely to have an SSI with non–S. aureus bacteria.

CONCLUSION

A significant proportion of all SSIs with positive culture results was due to bacteria that are not sensitive to beta-lactam prophylaxis. Broader coverage for suspected SSI should be considered, particularly on the lower extremity and ear.
Combination Therapy of Microneedle Fractional Radiofrequency and Topical Poly-Lactic Acid for Acne Scars: A Randomized Controlled Split-Face Study
Authors: An Min K. , Hong Eun H. , Suh Suk B. , Park Eun J. , Kim Kwang H.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Acne scarring occurs at a young age and causes distress for many patients. Various treatment modalities have been tried.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated the efficacy of combination therapy with topical poly-lactic acid and microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MFRF) for acne scars.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Patients with acne scars on both the cheeks were included. Poly-lactic acid was applied to the acne scars on one side of the face before MFRF treatment. The other side of the face was treated with MFRF and normal saline. Patients received 3 treatment sessions and were evaluated based on visual assessment and patient satisfaction. After the last treatment, objective scar assessment of scar smoothness, size, brightness, and overall improvement was performed.

RESULTS

Both acne scar assessment scores and patient satisfaction were better with combination therapy (p = .036 and p = .009, respectively) than with monotherapy. Combination therapy resulted in significantly better efficacy for scar smoothness (p < .001), scar size (p = .003), and overall improvement (p < .001), but not for brightness (p = .151).

CONCLUSION

Combination therapy resulted in significantly better clinical outcomes, including better scar smoothness and smaller scar size. Therefore, we believe this combination therapy is a safe and effective treatment for acne scars.
Early Life Exposure to Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: McGuinn Laura A. , Windham Gayle C. , Kalkbrenner Amy E. , Bradley Chyrise , Di Qian , Croen Lisa A. , Fallin M. Daniele , Hoffman Kate , Ladd-Acosta Christine , Schwartz Joel , Rappold Ana G. , Richardson David B. , Neas Lucas M. , Gammon Marilie D. , Schieve Laura A. , Daniels Julie L.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Epidemiologic studies have reported associations between prenatal and early postnatal air pollution exposure and autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, findings differ by pollutant and developmental window.

Objectives:

We examined associations between early life exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) and ozone in association with ASD across multiple US regions.

Methods:

Our study participants included 674 children with confirmed ASD and 855 population controls from the Study to Explore Early Development, a multi-site case–control study of children born from 2003 to 2006 in the United States. We used a satellite-based model to assign air pollutant exposure averages during several critical periods of neurodevelopment: 3 months before pregnancy; each trimester of pregnancy; the entire pregnancy; and the first year of life. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for study site, maternal age, maternal education, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal smoking, and month and year of birth.

Results:

The air pollution–ASD associations appeared to vary by exposure time period. Ozone exposure during the third trimester was associated with ASD, with an OR of 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.4) per 6.6 ppb increase in ozone. We additionally observed a positive association with PM2.5 exposure during the first year of life (OR = 1.3 [95% CI: 1.0, 1.6] per 1.6 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5).

Conclusions:

Our study corroborates previous findings of a positive association between early life air pollution exposure and ASD, and identifies a potential critical window of exposure during the late prenatal and early postnatal periods.
The Effects of a 10-wk Outpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program on Exercise Performance, Muscle Strength, Soluble Biomarkers, and Quality of Life in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Koudstaal Thomas , Wapenaar Monique , van Ranst Dirk , Beesems Ruud , van den Toorn Leon , van den Bosch Annemien , Chandoesing Prewesh , Boomars Karin
Published: October 2019

Purpose:

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by right ventricular failure, leading to exertional dyspnea, skeletal muscle weakness, and poor quality of life (QOL). Apart from treatment with PAH-specific drugs, guidelines recommend pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Clinical PR programs have shown improvement in functional capacity and QOL. However, little is known about the effectiveness of an outpatient PR program. The aim of our study was to assess effectiveness of a multidisciplinary outpatient PR program.

Methods:

Patients with PAH or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), who were in a stable condition on optimized drug therapy, followed a 10-wk outpatient program in a rehabilitation center. The PR program was designed to improve exercise capacity and health status by means of low load cycling, walking, and muscle training twice a week combined with psychological counseling. QOL was measured by the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) questionnaire.

Results:

Twenty-one patients (13 women) with PAH (n = 16) or CTEPH (n = 5) completed the study. All patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III, and their mean age was 45 ± 16 yr. After PR, the mean cycling endurance time increased by 4.4 min (P < .001), 6-min walk distance by 12.2 m (P < .05), and maximum inspiratory pressure by 5.8 cm H2O (P = .01). Skeletal muscle function increased significantly. The CAMPHOR questionnaire demonstrated significant decrease in symptoms and improvement in QOL. Soluble biomarkers did not show any change before and after PR.

Conclusions:

Outpatient PR could be an effective instrument to improve exercise capacity and health status in patients with PAH or CTEPH.
Finding the evidence: Screening of Military Family Research, 2014–2017
Authors: Yablonsky Abigail Marter , Brock Whitney W. , Whalen Allyson E. , Melvin Kristal C. , Agazio Janice
Published: October 2019

Of 1.3 million active duty service members, the majority have family responsibilities; 54.3% are married, and 41.2% have at least one child. The authors sought to determine existing areas of focus in military family research and to identify areas that are currently understudied. The authors queried four literature databases from January 2014 to May 2017, and 2,502 articles were identified in the initial catchment. All 595 article abstracts that met inclusion criteria were sorted into one or more of 12 topics. Topics with the highest number of articles included Mental Health and Care (n = 276), Adult/Couple Partner Relationships (n = 247), and Deployment Issues (n = 244). Topics with sparse articles included Maternal/Child & Newborn Health (n = 27), Health Promotion (n = 10), and Special Heath Care Needs (n = 4). The three topics with the highest number of articles reflect interdependent and overlapping themes and showcase the importance of family relationships to the operational readiness of active duty members. The topics with fewer numbers of articles highlight areas where more evidence is needed. Understanding the current evidence allows nurse practitioners to support military families appropriately in real time.
Commercial Quinolone Ear Drops Cause Perforations in Intact Rat Tympanic Membranes
Authors: Dirain Carolyn O. , Karnani David N. , Antonelli Patrick J.
Published: October 2019

Hypothesis:

Commercial quinolone ear drops may promote the development of perforations (TMPs) in intact tympanic membrane (TMs).

Background:

Quinolone ear drops have been associated with TMPs after myringotomy +/- tube placement in a drug-specific manner and potentiation by steroids.

Methods:

Rats were randomized to six groups (10/group), with one ear receiving otic instillation of dexamethasone, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin + dexamethasone, ciprofloxacin + dexamethasone, or neomycin + polymyxin + hydrocortisone—all commercial formulations and at standard clinical concentrations—and the contralateral ear receiving saline, twice daily for 10 days. TMs were assessed over 42 days.

Results:

No TMPs were seen in ears treated with saline, dexamethasone, or neomycin. At day 10, TMPs were seen in one of 10 ofloxacin- and three of 10 ciprofloxacin + dexamethasone-treated ears (p = 0.038). At day 14, the ofloxacin TMP healed. In contrast, the three ciprofloxacin + dexamethasone TMPs remained and one new TMP developed in this group. A ciprofloxacin and an ofloxacin + dexamethasone-treated ears also had TMPs (p = 0.023). By day 21, the ofloxacin + dexamethasone TMP and two of four of the ciprofloxacin + dexamethasone TMPs healed but two new TMPs were seen in ciprofloxacin + dexamethasone ears (p = 0.0006). At day 28, 1 of 10 ciprofloxacin and 4 of 10 ciprofloxacin + dexamethasone-treated ears had TMPs (p = 0.0006). By day 35, only one ciprofloxacin + dexamethasone had TMP (p = 0.42). All TMPS were healed at day 42.

Conclusions:

Application of commercial quinolone ear drops can cause TMPs in intact TMs. This effect appears to be drug-specific and potentiated by steroids.
Pediatric hereditary angioedema: what the otolaryngologist should know
Authors: Bailey C. Eric , Carr Michele M.
Published: October 2019

Purpose of review

To review pediatric hereditary angioedema for otolaryngologists, with emphasis on articles within the past 12–18 months.

Recent findings

Biologic therapies are accepted for adult hereditary angioedema (HAE), but have been studied less for pediatric HAE. Recent literature supports expanded use of biologic agents in pediatrics as acute treatment and prophylaxis. Available agents include plasma-derived C1 esterase inhibitors (C1-INH) (Berinert, Haegarda, Cinryze), recombinant C1-INH (Ruconest), bradykinin B2 receptor inhibitor (Icatibant), and kallikrein inhibitors (Ecallantide and lanadelumab). Of these, only Berinert is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for acute therapy for children under 12 years of age. Ruconest is approved for treatment of acute attacks over age 13. Ecallantide also has FDA approval as acute treatment for age 12 and older, while lanadelumab and Haegarda are prophylactic agents for adolescents. Icatibant lacks FDA approval in patients under 18 years of age. Cinryze has FDA approval only for prophylaxis for children as young as 6 years old.

Pediatric HAE is a potentially life-threatening disease. Targeted biologic agents have gained acceptance in treatment of acute attacks, and their use as prophylactic agents is changing the focus of management from acute intervention to preventive management. While intubation or surgical airway management may still be necessary, early intervention or prophylaxis can decrease morbidity and improve quality of life.
Acute Pancreatitis Associated With Cytarabine During the Treatment of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Murshed Farhan , Wong Victor , Koning Jeffrey L. , Kuo Dennis J.
Published: October 2019

Pancreatitis is a common complication of many pediatric oncology drugs - most commonly asparaginase, followed by pentamidine, mercaptopurine, corticosteroids, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Cytarabine-associated pancreatitis is not often mentioned in the pediatric oncology literature. We report the case of a 10-year-old female with acute myeloid leukemia who developed cytarabine-associated pancreatitis.