bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and performance of Cu2O/TiO2 nanocomposite thin film and photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Yu Xiaojiao , Kou Song , Nie Junkun , Zhang Jian , Wei Yuchen , Niu Jinfen , Yao Binghua
Published: September 2018

A constant current electrodeposition approach was employed to prepare Cu2O/TiO2 nanocomposite thin film. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman, ultraviolet visible light spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), and photoluminescence (PL) measurements were used to characterize and analyze the thin film microstructure, surface morphology, and photoelectric properties. The effect of annealing treatment on the thin film properties is discussed. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the Rhodamine B (RhB) photocatalytic degradation by thin films, and the quadratic multinomial mathematical model was established. The photocatalytic degradation process of RhB was also studied. The results indicate that the prepared Cu2O thin film was of high purity, with a (111) crystal plane preferred orientation. The average particle diameter was approximately 100–200 nm, and the absorbing boundary was approximately 600 nm. After annealing treatment, the absorbing boundary and open-circuit voltage increased, and Cu2O thin film exhibited an obvious absorbance response in the visible-light range. The established model has better fitness and higher reliability, and the R2 value of established quadratic model is 0.9818. The optimal degradation conditions were obtained by RSM. Under optimum conditions, the RhB degradation rate could reach 98.4% in 3 h and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate was 48.2%. Recycling results reveal that RhB degradation rate can still reach 94.5% after eight cycles.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Special Focus on the Efficacy of Computer-Based Training Programs - A Mini-Review
Authors: Klimova Blanka , Kuca Kamil , Maresova Petra
Published: September 2018

Background:

At present, the number of older people is growing, especially in the developed
countries where the living conditions enable a longer life expectancy. However, the higher age may result
in the aging diseases such as dementia out which Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent.
Nevertheless, to maintain them both physically and mentally active, more assistance is required.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to discuss the efficacy of the use of modern information technologies,
especially computer-based training programs, on people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Results:

Although the results from the selected studies do not indicate that the computer-based training
programs are effective in the delay of cognitive decline is concerned, they suggest that these computerbased
training programs are at least appropriate for the improvement of their behavioural symptoms and
progression of the disease.

Conclusion:

Generally, these technological devices may contribute to the reduction of patients´ and
their caregivers´ costs and certain flexibility, and thus the improvement of the quality of their life.
Global View on Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: Threats, Risks and Treatment Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Klimova Blanka , Kuca Kamil , Maresova Petra
Published: September 2018

The incidence of both diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasing and is becoming a
social and economic threat worldwide. Recent research studies indicate that both diseases share some
pathophysiological features and that specifically, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor of
Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between diabetes mellitus and
AD, explore the efficacy of selected drugs on patients with diabetes and AD, and compare the relative
risk of diabetes for Alzheimer’s disease within different clinical studies. The method of literature search
in several acknowledged databases such as Web of Science, Elsevier Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus
in the period from 2000 to 2015 for the following keywords: “Alzheimer’s AND disease AND diabetes
AND mellitus” was used. The identified studies were divided into two basic groups, based on their
focus: efficacy of the selected drugs on patients suffering from AD and diabetes, and a link between diabetes
and AD; as diabetes is seen as a risk factor of AD. The findings of this study confirm that there is a
close and direct link between diabetes and AD, which indicates that there is a need for early diagnosis of
metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and T2DM. In fact, the reviewed clinical trials have proved an
increase in the risk of AD. However, the values of this risk are relatively low. The results also illustrate
that both pharmacological (e.g., the antidiabetic drugs together with insulin dosing) and nonpharmacological
(e.g., being intensively engaged in physical activities) treatments can have a positive
effect. The results of this study confirm that diabetes and AD are not independent disorders since they
share some common pathophysiological mechanisms. In addition, more clinical randomized control trials
are needed to explore the efficacy of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to
the treatment of T2DM and AD.
Do We have a Satisfactory Cell Viability Assay? Review of the Currently Commercially-Available Assays
Authors: Halim Abdel-Baset
Published: September 2018

:

Cell-based assays are an important part of the drug discovery process and clinical research. One of the main hurdles is to design sufficiently robust assays with adequate signal to noise parameters while maintaining the inherent physiology of the cells and not interfering with the pharmacology of target being investigated.

:

A plethora of assays that assess cell viability (or cell heath in general) are commercially available and can be classified under different categories according to their concepts and principle of reactions. The assays are valuable tools, however, suffer from a large number of limitations. Some of these limitations can be procedural or operational, but others can be critical as those related to a poor concept or the lack of proof of concept of an assay, e.g. those relying on differential permeability of dyes in-and-out of viable versus compromised cell membranes. While the assays can differentiate between dead and live cells, most, if not all, of them can just assess the relative performance of cells rather than providing a clear distinction between healthy and dying cells. The possible impact of relatively high molecular weight dyes, used in most of the assay, on cell viability has not been addressed. More innovative assays are needed, and until better alternatives are developed, setup of current cell-based studies and data interpretation should be made with the limitations in mind. Negative and positive control should be considered whenever feasible. Also, researchers should use more than one orthogonal method for better assessment of cell health.
Performance Analysis of Various Nanocontrast Agents and CAD Systems for Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Thanapandiyaraj Ruba , Rajendran Tamilselvi , Mohammedgani Parisa Beham
Published: September 2018

Background:

Cancer is a disease which involves the abnormal cell growth that has the potential of dispersal to other parts of the body. Among various conventional anatomical imaging techniques for cancer diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides the best spatial resolution and is noninvasive. Current efforts are directed at enhancing the capabilities of MRI in oncology by adding contrast agents.

Discussion:

Recently, the superior properties of nanomaterials (extremely smaller in size, good biocompatibility and ease in chemical modification) allow its application as a contrast agent for early and specific cancer detection through the MRI. The precise detection of cancer region from any imaging modality will lead to a thriving treatment for cancer patients. The better localization of radiation dose can be attained from MRI by using suitable image processing algorithms. As there are many works that have been proposed for automatic detection for cancers, the effort is also put in to provide an effective survey of Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system for different types of cancer detection with increased efficiency based on recent research works. Even though there are many surveys on MRI contrast agents, they only focused on a particular type of cancer. This study deeply presents the use of nanocontrast agents in MRI for different types of cancer diagnosis.

Conclusion:

The main aim of this paper is to critically review the available compounds used as nanocontrast agents in MRI modality for different types of cancers. It also includes the review of different methods for cancer cell detection and classification. A comparative analysis is performed to analyze the effect of different CAD systems.
The UPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of a Novel Enterovirus 71 Inhibitor in Rat Plasma and its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Ma Hai-Qiu , Zuo Chen-Qiang , Yuan Ye , Zhang Yu-Pu , Wang Xue , Wang Shu-Yan , Liu Jun-Wei
Published: September 2018

Background:

TJAB1099 is a novel, highly active inhibitor of human enterovirus 71
(HEV71), which is a most commonly found virus leading to Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (HFMD). However,
the TJAB1099 could not be detected in the plasma using a regular HPLC-UV detection during the
pharmacokinetic study due to the poor solubility, which in turn limited the release prior to be absorbed
by the gastrointestinal tract.

Objective:

The objectives of the present study were to improve the solubility of TJAB1099 by preparing
formulation and develop an Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
(UPLC-MS/MS) method applied to the pharmacokinetic study.

Methods:

The TJAB1099 was prepared as a phospholipid complex that intends to increase the watersolubility
and subsequently improving TJAB1099 exposed in the circulation system. A highly sensitive
UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the pharmacokinetic study, in which the pharmacokinetic
parameters were determined following oral and intravenous administration of 5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg of
TJAB1099 in rats, respectively.

Results:

The precisions for the method were less than 12.8%, while the accuracies were in the range of
90.8 - 98.0% and 96.1 - 99.6% for within-day and between-day, respectively. The mean recoveries for
TJAB1099 and terfenadine (internal-standard, IS) were 85.0 ± 5.4% and 92.4 ± 4.1%, respectively. The
pharmacokinetic study revealed that the Cmax of TJAB1099 after oral administration can reach 6.84 ±
2.43 ng/mL, while the Tmax is 0.70 ± 0.11 h. The AUC0-12 is 19.81 ± 11.07 µg/mL/h. However, the absorption
was poor with an absolute oral bioavailability of 0.62.

Conclusion:

The UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic study of
TJAB1099 in rats.
DESIGNED AND 3D PRINTED PLA BASED UPPER EXTREMITY FINGER ORTHOSIS
Authors: CIFTCI Fatih , HACIOGLU Askican , YESİL Taylan Baran , USTUNDAG Cem Bülent
Published: September 2018

Orthosis is a 3D material that supports the deformed field. These orthotic materials are used to help weak muscle function, to support muscles and joints, to correct posture, to continue to work despite unbalanced movements, and to heal fractures. Upper and lower extremity orthosis practices are available. Upper limb orthosis; shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand or fingers. Prevents or supports unwanted movements. There are various upper extremity orthoses called fingers, hand splints, hand and wrist atrophy, elbow orthosis, shoulder orthosis according to the region where they are practiced. Orthoses applied to the hand and arm are usually provided for short-term use. Nowadays, with the new generation of the industrial orthosis and 3D designs, the treatment of deformity has become possible by using simulation techniques on the biomechanical data. The purpose of this study is to discuss the advantage of the 3-dimensional PLA-based finger-tipped orthosis on the individual's superiority against other conventional methods and designs in the treatment of upper limb finger conservative treatment.
AKADEMİSYEN VE İDARİ PERSONELİN EKOLOJİK VE KARBON AYAK İZİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: ADIYAMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: BAŞOĞUL Yusuf
Published: September 2018

Bu
çalışmada, Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi akademisyen ve idari personelin
ekolojik ve karbon ayak izleri hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada  “Ekolojik Ayak İzi Hesaplama Anketi programı”
kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, 46 akademisyen ve idari personele anket
uygulanmıştır.  Anketlerin analiz
sonuçlarına göre, Mühendislik Fakültesi çalışanlarının ekolojik ayak izi
ortalaması 2,53 kha ve karbon ayak izi ortalaması 15.55 ton olarak saptanmıştır.
Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi çalışanlarına en az 2.53 dünya
gerekmektedir.
Assessment of Vulnerability of Escape Building against Earthquake and Tsunami at Padang City
Authors: Richard Billy
Published: September 2018

Earthquake occurred in September 30th, 2009 was the worst in the history of earthquake in West Sumatera. Damages of buildings were the main causes of human casualties at that time. The Regional Disaster Management Agency (Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah, BPBD) of West Sumatera has conducted tsunami and earthquake mitigation, one of them is to prepare the Temporary Evacuation Site (TES) as a vertical-evacuation building allowing people to escape from tsunami attack in Padang City. This research was intended for evaluating and mapping the vulnerability potentials of all escape buildings to the earthquake and tsunami hazard. The investigation used Rapid Visual Screening method based on FEMA P-154 (Federal Emergency Management Agency) for assessing vulnerability of the building towards tsunami. According to the category of the obtained vulnerability potential, there were 50%, 33%, 10%, and 7% of escape buildings identified safe, non-structurally vulnerable, structurally vulnerable from earthquake, and vulnerable to tsunami, respectively.
Experimental Study of Pathogenic Microorganisms Inactivated by Venturi-Type Hydrodynamic Cavitation with Different Throat Lengths
Authors: Dong Zhiyong , Qin Zhaoyu
Published: September 2018

Based on self-developed Venturi-type hydrodynamic cavitation device with different throat length-radius ratios L/R in Hydraulics Laboratory at Zhejiang University of Technology in China, 4 throat length-radius ratios L/R=10, 30, 60 and 100, and 4 raw water percentages V0/V=25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% were considered, Escherichia coli and total colony count were selected for indicator bacteria, effects of throat length-radius ratio, throat velocity, cavitation time, raw water percentage and cavitation number on inactivating pathogenic microorganism in raw water by hydrodynamic cavitation were experimentally studied. The results showed cavitation damage of cells of pathogenic microorganisms occurred by microjets and shock waves due to cavitation bubble collapse. The lower the flow cavitation number, the higher the killing rate of E. coli and total colony count. When flow velocity was lower or raw water percentage was higher, killing rate gradually increased with increase in throat length-radius ratio; when flow velocity was higher or raw water percentage was lower, killing rate was almost independent of throat length-radius ratio. Inactivated effect of pathogenic microorganisms can be further enhanced by increasing throat velocity or prolonging cavitation time. Hydrodynamic cavitation is a novel disinfection technique for drinking water without disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and no need to add disinfectant.
Mini review: Intensification of mulching to improve soil moisture in vanilla plantation
Authors: Adiputra I Gede Ketut
Published: September 2018

Continuous water uptake from soil via the root system and it transport into the leaves system is a basic mechanism in plants to maintain growth and reproduction.  Consequently, sustaining soil moisture to keep water supply into the plants should continuously occurred to maintain growth.  Under condition of global warming scenario and robust agricultural practices, soil organic carbon which plays as a key for soil moisture and fertility are continuously diminished.  This condition could subsequently endanger the growth of shallow rooted plants, such as vanilla.  To mitigate the impact of global warming and robust agricultural practices, enhancing carbon sequestration to inhibit water loss is regarded crucial.  However, although mulch materials are locally available in most land crop plantations, those materials are rarely viewed as functional for maintaining soil moisture.  Both water stress and mulching might have not been seriously anticipated in conventional agricultural practices.  For example, continuous decreased in yield of vanilla plants are usually handled by applying pesticide or fertilizer, without addition of mulch.  The objective of this review was to gain a better understanding of soil moisture to increase vanilla growth and reproduction.  This review found that mulching could reduce evaporation, increase soil organic carbon and soil fertility.  It is concluded that intensification of mulching could enhance sustainability of vanilla plantations.
Keanekaragaman Ular Pitviper Sumatera (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) Berdasarkan Ketinggian di Sumatera Barat
Authors: Reza Fachrul
Published: September 2018

Research on Sumatran Pitviper diversity based on altitude in West Sumatra had been done since January 2016 to December 2017 in several locations on West Sumatra Province. The research was conducted by Visual Encounter Surveys and collecting information from local people using pictures, descriptions, and habitat description of each species based on field guide written by David and Vogel (1996) and Vogel (2006). The objective of this study was to obtain information about vertical distribution of Pitviper from subfamily Crotalinae. The study identified seven species of Pitviper as member of suborder Serpentes, family Viperidae, and subfamily Crotalinae. Members of this subfamily are existing in every altitude from 0 to above 1000 m a.s.l. with one very adaptive species named Tropidolaemus wagleri.
Mixing Framework from Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) to a Local Project
Authors: Fadaei Azita Seyed
Published: September 2018

Lesson activity has a very important role in teaching Physics. Curriculum gives specific viewpoints about the frameworks of planning lesson activities. In each country, being familiar with these frameworks helps to conduct teachers to be self-planners for teaching process. This article is an experiment of studying the frameworks of the U.S. in the subject of teaching science and is a sample to show how a teacher can get involved in international projects to boost the skill of planning activities related national problems and goals. It can open a horizon of thinking about the putting together national and international goals and frameworks in learning and teaching physics in local.
URGENSI PEMBENTUKAN UNDANG-UNDANG HAK ANGKET DPR RI (THE URGENCY OF MAKING THE LAW ON THE RIGHT OF INQUIRY OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA)
Authors: Hantoro Novianto Murthi
Published: September 2018

Prior to the decision of the Constitutional Court (MK), the implementation of the right to inquiry was regulated in two laws, namely Law No. 6 of 1954 on the Establishment of the Rights of Inquiry of the House of Representatives (DPR) and Law No. 27 of 2009 on MPR, DPR, DPD, and DPRD. Through proposal for judicial review, MK decided the Law on the Rights of Inquiry was null and void because it was not in accordance with the presidential system adopted in the 1945 Constitution. Today, the exercise of the right of inquiry is only based on Law on MPR, DPR, DPD, and DPRD. Nonetheless, the Amendment of Law No. 27 of 2009 into Law No. 17 of 2014 could not accommodate some substances of the null and void Law on the Rights of Inquiry. The urgency of the formulation of the law on the right to inquiry, other than to carry out the Constitutional Court’s decision; are to close the justice gap of the current regulation; to avoid multi-interpretation of the norm, for example on the subject and object of the right of inquiry; and to execute the mandate of Article 20A paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution. The regulation on the right to inquiry shall be formulated separately from the Law on MPR, DPR, DPD and DPRD, with at least several substances to be discussed, namely: definition, mechanisms, and procedure, as well as examination of witnesses, expert, and documents. AbstrakSebelum adanya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK), pelaksanaan hak angket diatur dalam dua undang-undang, yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 1954 tentang Penetapan Hak Angket DPR (UU Angket) dan Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2009 tentang Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (UU MPR, DPR, DPD, dan DPRD). Melalui permohonan pengujian undang-undang, MK membatalkan keberlakuan UU Angket karena sudah tidak sesuai dengan sistem presidensial yang dianut dalam UUD 1945. Pelaksanaan hak angket saat ini hanya berdasarkan UU MPR, DPR, DPD, dan DPRD. Penggantian UU No. 27 Tahun 2009 menjadi UU No. 17 Tahun 2014 tentang MPR, DPR, DPD, dan DPRD ternyata tidak mengakomodasi beberapa substansi UU Angket yang telah dibatalkan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, terdapat urgensi untuk membentuk Undang-Undang tentang Hak Angket DPR RI. Urgensi tersebut, selain sebagai tindak lanjut putusan MK, juga untuk menutup celah kekosongan hukum pada pengaturan saat ini dan untuk menghindari multi-interpretasi norma, misalnya terhadap subjek dan objek hak angket. Pengaturan mengenai hak angket perlu diatur di dalam undang-undang yang terpisah dari UU MPR, DPR, DPD, dan DPRD, dengan materi muatan yang berisi tentang pengertian-pengertian, mekanisme, dan hukum acara. Pembentukan Undang-Undang tentang Hak Angket diperlukan guna memenuhi amanat Pasal 20A ayat (4) UUD 1945.
KEWENANGAN NEGARA DALAM PENGUASAAN TANAH: REDISTRIBUSI TANAH UNTUK RAKYAT (THE AUTHORITY OF THE STATE IN LAND TENURE: REDISTRIBUTION OF LAND TO THE PEOPLE)
Authors: Doly Denico
Published: September 2018

State control over land is mandated in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. The state is mandated to carry out the management and utilization of land based on the spirit of community welfare. Agrarian reform in land sector is a way to reorganize or restructure land management and utilization. State control over land can be found in term of regulation, management, policy, administration, and supervision. The state control over land needs to be specifically regulated in a law governing the land. One form of state control over land is redistribution. The redistribution of land for the people is controlled with its first step of identification on Land Objects for Agrarian Reform (TORA) followed by land management as part of Agrarian Reform. Further, in order to support land redistribution program, the government can impose moratorium on land use for business-oriented development, restrict land tenure and control, control land prices, and revoke any rights to unutilized land. AbstrakPenguasaan negara terhadap tanah merupakan amanat yang tercantum dalam Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD Tahun 1945). Negara diamanatkan untuk melakukan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan tanah yang didasari oleh semangat mensejahterakan masyarakat. Pembaruan agraria di bidang pertanahan merupakan salah satu bentuk perombakan atau penataan ulang terhadap pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan tanah. Penguasaan negara terhadap tanah dapat berupa pengaturan, pengelolaan, kebijakan, pengurusan, dan pengawasan. Bentuk penguasaan negara terhadap tanah ini perlu diatur secara khusus dalam sebuah undang-undang yang mengatur tentang pertanahan. Salah satu bentuk penguasaan negara yaitu dengan melakukan redistribusi tanah. Redistribusi tanah untuk rakyat dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi Tanah Obyek Reforma Agraria (TORA) untuk kemudian dikelola sebagai bagian dari Reforma Agraria. Selain itu, dalam rangka mendukung program redistribusi tanah, pemerintah dapat melakukan moratorium penggunaan tanah untuk pembangunan yang berorientasi pada bisnis, membatasi kepemilikan dan penguasaan tanah, pengendalian harga tanah, dan mencabut hak atas tanah yang tidak dimanfaatkan.
TINDAK PIDANA PENGHINAAN TERHADAP PRESIDEN ATAU WAKIL PRESIDEN: PERLUKAH DIATUR KEMBALI DALAM KUHP? (DEFAMATION AGAINST THE PRESIDENT OR VICE PRESIDENT: SHOULD IT BE REGULATED IN THE CRIMINAL CODE?)
Authors: Widyati Lidya Suryani
Published: September 2018

Decision of the Constitutional Court No. 013-022/PUU-IV/2006, stated that Article 134, Article 136 bis, and Article 137 of the Criminal Code on the defamation against the President or Vice President do not have binding power or in other are not valid. The Court considered that these Articles may create legal uncertainty, inhibit the right to freedom of expression of mind, spoken, written, and any expression and may also irrelevant to apply in Indonesia which upholds human rights. However, the Criminal Code Bill, of 2015, has re-set (criminalization) the act as a criminal offense that sparing off intense debate. This study does not examine the pros and cons debate on the re-setting issue of defamation against the President or Vice President as criminal offense in the Criminal Code Bill, but examines the issue from the point of criminalization policy. The analysis of the criminalization policy concludes that this crime need not be regulated. It is in contradictory to the Constitution, especially regarding the protection of human rights for every citizen. The explanation of this Article does not clearly state the logic and reason behind the article on defamation against the President or Vice President. AbstrakPutusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 013-022/PUU-IV/2006, menyatakan bahwa Pasal 134, Pasal 136 bis, dan Pasal 137 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) tentang tindak pidana penghinaan terhadap Presiden atau Wakil Presiden tidak lagi mempunyai kekuatan mengikat atau dengan kata lain sudah tidak berlaku lagi. Dalam pertimbangannya, Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) menilai bahwa Pasal-Pasal ini dapat menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum, menghambat hak atas kebebasan menyatakan pikiran, dengan lisan, tulisan, dan ekspresi, dan sudah tidak relevan lagi untuk diterapkan di Indonesia yang menjunjung tinggi hak asasi manusia. Namun, Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU) KUHP tahun 2015, mengatur kembali perbuatan tersebut sebagai tindak pidana sehingga menimbulkan perdebatan berbagai pihak. Tulisan ini tidak mengkaji mengenai perdebatan pro dan kontra atas dirumuskannya kembali substansi tentang penghinaan terhadap Presiden atau Wakil Presiden dalam RUU KUHP, melainkan mengkajinya dari sudut kebijakan kriminalisasi. Analisis dari kebijakan kriminalisasi menyimpulkan bahwa tindak pidana ini tidak perlu diatur lagi karena bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD NRI Tahun 1945), terutama dalam hal jaminan atas Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) bagi setiap warga negara. Penjelasan Pasal RUU KUHP yang merumuskan tindak pidana penghinaan terhadap Presiden atau Wakil Presiden tersebut tidak menyebutkan secara jelas kepentingan apa yang ada di balik pengaturan penghinaan terhadap Presiden atau Wakil Presiden.
Emotional Labor and Organizational Commitment Among South Korean Public Service Employees
Authors: Lee Hyun jung
Published: September 2018

I examined the relationship between emotional labor and organizational commitment with 208 South Korean public service employees and used structural equation modeling to analyze the data. The results indicated that deep acting was positively associated with the 3 components of organizational
commitment, namely, identification, affiliation, and exchange, and the identification commitment component in particular. However, no significant relationship was found between surface acting and the 3 components of organizational commitment. Thus, South Korean public service employees with
a strong sense of organizational identity and who feel valued by their organization may generate positive emotions and engage in deep acting, leading to a high level of organizational commitment.
Evaluación de la calidad en la atención al usuario del servicio de urgencias del hospital público de Yopal en Casanare, Colombia
Authors: Ibarra Picón Aradeisy , Rua Ramirez Edwin
Published: September 2018

Objetivo. En esta investigación se evalúa la calidad en el proceso de atención al usuario del servicio de urgencias del hospital público de Yopal en Casanare, Colombia. Metodología. Esta investigación es de tipo descriptivo, exploratorio, apoyada en varias técnicas de investigación, iniciando con un cuestionario–encuesta, donde se realiza un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de la calidad de atención al usuario, la capacidad de la planta física, la comodidad, seguridad y confiabilidad del servicio; además se aplica la técnica de observación directa, análisis e interpretación de fenómenos, acontecimientos y hechos que prevalecen en el área. Resultados. Con este proyecto se pudo determinar la satisfacción o conformidad de los usuarios del servicio de urgencias y la aplicación de los protocolos de atención bajo estándares de calidad, cuál es el trato dado por los trabajadores y profesionales de la salud hacia los usuarios, las necesidades de capacitación al personal de atención, y posibles mejoras o modificaciones a los protocolos, cambios o recomendaciones para mejorar la calidad de atención. Conclusiones. El Hospital de Yopal no tiene capacidad suficiente en el área de urgencias para atender la alta demanda proveniente de los habitantes de Yopal y los municipios aledaños, la constante queja de los usuarios que dicen ser mal atendidos, el supuesto incumplimiento en su labor hacia los enfermos y familiares en la mayoría de las áreas del hospital,falta de personal profesional para la atención en el servicio de urgencias, largas jornadas de esperade los usuarios enfermos.
Carrera odontología de la facultad de ciencias de la salud universidad Católica de Córdoba: un proyecto, una realidad
Authors: Varela de Villalba TB
Published: September 2018

Escribir esta Editorial me lleva a recordar con orgullo y gratitud una serie de sucesos que llevaron a la creación de la Carrera de Odontología en nuestra Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Orgullo, porque los artículos que encontrarán en estas páginas reflejan el resultado de un consiente y comprometido trabajo realizado por docentes y alumnos a lo largo de los 10 años de existencia de la carrera y gratitud, porque estos resultados no hubieran sido posibles sin la participación, el apoyo y el compromiso de una cantidad de personas pertenecientes a todos los estamentos involucrados en la concreción y el desarrollo de este proyecto.
Fictionalism and the problem of universals in the philosophy of mathematics
Authors: Djordjevic Strahinja
Published: September 2018

Many long-standing problems pertaining to contemporary philosophy of
mathematics can be traced back to different approaches in determining the
nature of mathematical entities which have been dominated by the debate
between realists and nominalists. Through this discussion conceptualism is
represented as a middle solution. However, it seems that until the 20th
century there was no third position that would not necessitate any reliance
on one of the two points of view. Fictionalism, on the other hand, observes
mathematical entities in a radically different way. This is reflected in the
claim that the concepts being used in mathematics are nothing but a product
of human fiction. This paper discusses the relationship between fictionalism
and two traditional viewpoints within the discussion which attempts to
successfully determine the ontological status of universals. One of the main
points, demonstrated with concrete examples, is that fictionalism cannot be
classified as a nominalist position (despite contrary claims of authors such
as Hartry Field). Since fictionalism is observed as an independent
viewpoint, it is necessary to examine its range as well as the
sustainability of the implications of opinions stated by their advocates.
Hearing Impairment and Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Cohort
Authors: Schade David S. , Lorenzi Gayle M. , Braffett Barbara H. , Gao Xiaoyu , Bainbridge Kathleen E. , Barnie Annette , Cruickshanks Karen J. , Dalton Dayna , Diminick Lisa , Gubitosi-Klug Rose , Kramer John R. , Lachin John M. , Larkin Mary E. , Cowie Catherine C. ,   the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the prevalence of hearing impairment in participants with type 1 diabetes enrolled in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study and compare with that of a spousal control group without diabetes. Among participants with type 1 diabetes, to evaluate the association of hearing impairment with prior DCCT therapy and overall glycemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

DCCT/EDIC participants (n = 1,150) and 288 spouses without diabetes were recruited for the DCCT/EDIC Hearing Study. All subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire, medical history, and physical measurements. Audiometry was performed by study-certified personnel; audiograms were assessed centrally. Speech-frequency (pure-tone average [PTA] thresholds at 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz) and high-frequency impairment (PTA thresholds at 3,000, 4,000, 6,000, and 8,000 Hz) were defined as PTA >25 dB hearing loss. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age and sex.

RESULTS

DCCT/EDIC participants and spousal control subjects were similar in age, race, education, smoking, and systolic blood pressure. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in the prevalence or adjusted odds of speech- or high-frequency impairment in either ear. Among participants with type 1 diabetes, for every 10% increase in the time-weighted mean HbA1c, there was a 32% (95% CI 1.15–1.50) and 19% (95% CI 1.07–1.33) increase in speech- and high-frequency hearing impairment, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

We found no significant difference in the prevalence of hearing impairment between the group with type 1 diabetes and the spousal control group. Among those with type 1 diabetes, higher mean HbA1c over time was associated with hearing impairment.
Experience-based School Principals’ perspectives on the development of and roles of social relationships on Tanzania’s pre-primary school children’s learning
Authors: Basil Pambas Tandika , Ndijuye Laurent
Published: September 2018

This paper investigated the perceived role of the social relationships in the pre-primary school children’s learning. It basically focused primary school principals’ perspectives on social relationship among pre-primary children and in relation to the school community. To achieve the study purpose, four specific objectives guided the study that engaged 12 school principals in Mbozi district in Mbeya region through the use of purposive sampling strategy. Informed by the phenomenographic research design, a semi-structured interview was used to collect data from the school principals using face-to-face conversations that lasted for 30 - 50 minutes. The analysis followed the three conceptual tasks and revealed that school principal’s conceptions about a child’s social relationship staved off the development of inacceptable manner made possible through collaboration between family members (parents) and other community members. Cooperation and respecting child’s needs are the two essential elements of positive teacher-child and child-child relationships. Importantly, teaching children to be cooperative and respect one another and adults help in strengthening social relationship in the society.
Demographic and social degradation in the Lubelskie Voivodeship as a peripheral area of East Poland
Authors: Flaga Małgorzata , Wesołowska Monika
Published: September 2018

Eastern regions of Poland are regarded as areas where numerous unfavourable socio-economic phenomena appear and accumulate. These are the results of historical conditions as well as post-war border localization and various processes, primarily in terms of economy. The consequences of the political transformation of the state in the 1990s and profound social and economic changes in recent decades are also crucial drivers of many disadvantageous changes in the region. The article shows population processes which can be recognized nowadays in Eastern Poland, and the attention of the authors is focused on the peripheral rural areas of the region. General tendencies reported in the text are based on the cases from the Lubelskie Voivodeship where concentration of the demographic and social problems is particularly noticeable. The analyses comprise changes of population growth and its components (natural movement and migration), population structures as well as some characteristics concerning the quality and conditions of inhabitants’ lives. The main causes of negative processes shaping the population, including domestic, regional and micro-regional factors, are also presented. The final part of the article deals with the most important outcomes of population changes which are reflected in the progressing ageing of society, the decline of villages and social infrastructure, among other facts. These unfavourable phenomena are shown in the context of the future development of the region.
Spatial polarity and spatial polarization in the context of supranational and national scales: regions of Visegrad countries after their accession to the EU
Authors: Matlovič René , Klamár Radoslav , Kozoň Ján , Ivanová Monika , Michalko Miloslav
Published: September 2018

The paper focuses on the evaluation of some aspects of the spatial organization of economic development of regions in the V4 countries after their accession to the EU. It focuses on the confirmation or confutation of the application of two principles of spatial organization based on the context of polarization theories, namely the polarity between western and eastern regions (i.e. the West–East gradient) and the polarity between the capital and other regions of the country (i.e. the national metropolitan gradient) at national and supranational levels. In the evaluation of the spatial polarity, the remoteness of various regions of the V4 countries from the economic core area (the Blue Banana, respectively the capital of the country) acts as the independent variable, whereby two economic indicators, i.e. the average monthly wage and the unemployment rate were chosen as the dependent variables. The analysis showed that on the supranational scale of the research in the monitored period, the increase of spatial polarisation was recorded. The increasing role of the West–East gradient and declining role of the national metropolitan gradient in the dynamics of spatial polarity has also been confirmed. The analysis has not confirmed the scale shift of polarity according to the West–East gradient to the national level, but at the same time it has pointed out the significant influence of the national metropolitan gradient in Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Hungary at this assessment level.
Analysis of the Chen’s and Pham’s Software Reliability Models
Authors: Pavlov Nikolay , Iliev Anton , Rahnev Asen , Kyurkchiev Nikolay
Published: September 2018

In this paper we study the Hausdorff approximation of the shifted Heaviside step function ht0
(t) by sigmoidal functions based on the Chen’s and Pham’s cumulative distribution functions and find an expression for the error of the best approximation. We give real examples with data provided by IBM entry software package and Apache HTTP Server using Chen’s software reliability model and Pham’s deterministic software reliability model. Some analyses are made.
Extending OpenID Connect Towards Mission Critical Applications
Authors: Deeptha R. , Mukesh Rajeswari
Published: September 2018

Single Sign-On (SSO) decreases the complexity and eases the burden of managing many accounts with a single authentication mechanism. Mission critical application such as banking demands highly trusted identity provider to authenticate its users. The existing SSO protocol such as OpenID Connect protocol provides secure SSO but it is applicable only in the consumer-to-social-network scenarios. Owing to stringent security requirements, the SSO for banking service necessitates a highly trusted identity provider and a secured private channel for user access. The banking system depends on a dedicated central banking authority which controls the monetary policy and it must assume the role of the identity provider. This paper proposes an extension of OpenID Connect protocol that establishes a central identity provider for bank users, which facilitates the users to access different accounts using single login information. The proposed Enhanced OpenID Connect (EOIDC) modifies the authorization code flow of OpenID Connect to build a secure channel from a single trusted identity provider that supports multiple banking services. Moreover, the EOIDC tightens the security mechanism with the help of SAT to avoid impersonation attack using replay and redirect. The formal security analysis and validation demonstrate the strength of the EOIDC against possible attacks such as impersonation, eavesdropping, and a brute force login. The experimental results reveal that the proposed EOIDC system is efficient in providing secured SSO protocol for banking services.
Potential and Possible Ways of Harmonizing the Personal Income Taxation Process
Authors: Wołowiec Tomasz
Published: September 2018

Personal income tax (hereinafter referred to as PIT) has a short history, as it appeared in tax systems of EU countries as late as at the end of the 18th century. As a specific universal structure it performs two economic functions: providing financial means for covering some public expenses (fiscal function), leveling inequalities – through its structure – in population incomes (a redistribution function). It also implements social functions of taxation through various tax reliefs and exemptions or the structure of the tax scale. Contemporary personal income tax in European countries has been shaped by many years of evolution. This proces is continuing, taking into account the process of European integration and the processes of standardizing and harmonizing tax systems in European Union countries. Most EU states only sporadically implement major reforms of personal income taxation. The scope of such changes is usually limited and determined by current fiscal needs or the need to stimulate a particular behavior of taxpayers. The current taxation of personal incomes is a very complex phenomenon which should be analyzed not only from the legal point of view, but also taking into account its social, cultural, economic and political system aspects.
New records of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from Portugal, with an updated checklist
Authors: Černý Miloš , Andrade Rui , Gonçalves Ana Rita , von Tschirnhaus Michael
Published: September 2018

New records of 110 species of the acalyptrate Diptera family Agromyzidae are given from Portugal, including Madeira, Porto Santo and the Azores. A quarantine plant pest, Nemorimyza maculosa (Malloch, 1913), was detected in the Old World for the first time. Details on Phytobia xylem- miners and a parthenogenetic Phytomyza species are recorded together with new distribution data. For certain species morphological and taxonomic notes and discussions on known or new host plants are added. A complete checklist of Agromyzidae of Portugal is presented.
Synthesis of Pyrazines Using Sugar Derived from Tobacco Cellulose and Hydrolyzed Tobacco F1 Protein as an Amino Acid Source
Authors: Ashraf-Khorassani Mehdi , Coleman William M. , Dube Michael F. , Taylor Larry T.
Published: September 2018

An array of pyrazines have been synthesized using sugars derived from tobacco cellulose (CDS), ammonium hydroxide, and hydrolyzed tobacco F1 protein as a source of free amino acids (isolated amino acids from F1 hydrolysate, from filtered F1 hydrolysate and from non-filtered F1 hydrolysate). All reactions were performed at 120 °C for 60 min using a 40-mL Parr reaction vessel. Results showed that the addition of hydrolyzed F1 protein as free amino acid source increased the number of pyrazines with branched alkyl chains (for example, 2-butyl-3-methyl pyrazine) compared to when no amino acids were added. However, using isolated amino acids from hydrolyzed F1 protein versus just hydrolyzed F1 protein (filtered or not filtered) did not make a difference in yield or type of branched pyrazines. When non-filtered hydrolyzed F1 protein was used, the solution was much more viscous and contained suspended solid material when compared to the use of filtered hydrolyzed F1 protein. Addition of threonine (THR) to the reaction mixture did not increase the yield of pyrazines but did slightly shift the distribution of pyrazines toward those with three and four carbons attached. Similar but not identical arrays of pyrazines were obtained when somewhat resembling reaction conditions were applied on a larger reaction scale (~1.5 L).

A significant 50%-decrease in pyrazine yield was observed when the reaction temperature was reduced from 120 to 100 °C. No noticeable difference in the array of pyrazines from these two reactions was observed. In the majority of cases, the presence of free amino acids resulted in an increase in pyrazine yield coupled with a change in the qualitative array of pyrazines. These results clearly illustrate that sugar prepared from tobacco cellulose (glucose) can be used just like high fructose corn syrup to prepare flavor compounds via Amadori and Maillard reactions. The evidence highlights that hydrolyzed amino acids from F1 tobacco protein can be used via Maillard reactions to produce complementary arrays of pyrazine flavor compounds.
Genetic testing for Hennekam syndrome
Authors: Rakhmanov Yeltay , Maltese Paolo Enrico , Bruson Alice , Beccari Tommaso , Bertelli Matteo
Published: September 2018

Hennekam Syndrome (HS) is a combination of congenital lymphatic malformation, lymphangiectasia and other disorders. It is a very rare disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. We developed the test protocol “Hennekam Syndrome” on the basis of the latest research findings and diagnostic protocols on lymphatic malformation in HS. The genetic test is useful for confirming diagnosis, as well as for differential diagnosis, couple risk assessment and access to clinical trials.
Genetic testing for ventricular septal defect
Authors: Rakhmanov Yeltay , Maltese Paolo Enrico , Fanelli Francesca , Beccari Tommaso , Dundar Munis , Bertelli Matteo
Published: September 2018

Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are the commonest heart malformations and may affect the membranous or the muscular septum. Clinical presentation depends on the amount of interventricular flow, which is determined by the size of the defect and the relative resistances of the pulmonary and systemic vascular beds. The prevalence of VSD is estimated at about 5% among infants. Many small malformations present at birth may later undergo spontaneous closure. VSD may have autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance and may exist as isolated forms or as part of a syndrome. This Utility Gene Test was developed on the basis of an analysis of the literature and existing diagnostic protocols. It is useful for confirming diagnosis, as well as for differential diagnosis, couple risk assessment and access to clinical trials.