bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adipocytokine correlates of childhood and adolescent mental health: A systematic review
Authors: Scott Samantha R. , Millwood Summer N. , Manczak Erika M.
Published: March 2023

The objective of this systematic review was to determine the current state of the literature regarding how adipocytokines associate with mental health symptoms/disorders in youth. Findings summarized in this review suggested that in neurodevelopmental disorders, higher levels of leptin, ghrelin, resistin, and visfatin as well as lower levels of adiponectin, retinol‐binding protein 4, and progranulin predicted increased risk for or were conflated with autism spectrum disorder. Adipocytokine correlates of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and related symptoms included higher apelin, higher leptin‐to‐adiponectin ratio, and lower adiponectin. Evidence from studies examining anxiety symptoms evinced mixed results regarding leptin, and one study suggested higher levels of ghrelin. Depressive symptoms correlated with higher leptin and ghrelin. Research examining posttraumatic stress symptoms found higher levels of ghrelin. In research examining broadband symptoms, conflicting results emerged for associations between internalizing symptoms (i.e., symptoms of emotional stress) and leptin in youth. Low levels of adiponectin and high levels of leptin predicted externalizing symptoms. Total symptom difficulties were associated with a higher leptin‐to‐adiponectin ratio. Our findings suggest that adipocytokines may be an important set of biomarkers to consider as underlying mechanisms contributing to developmental psychopathology.
Can morphological traits explain species‐specific differences in meta‐analyses? A case study of forest beetles
Authors: Staton Tom , Girling Robbie D. , Redak Richard A. , Smith Sandy M. , Allison Jeremy D.
Published: March 2023

Meta‐analyses have become a valuable tool with which to synthesize effects across studies, but in ecology and evolution, they are often characterized by high heterogeneity, where effect sizes vary between studies. Much of this heterogeneity can be attributed to species‐specific differences in responses to predictor variables. Here, we aimed to incorporate a novel trait‐based approach to explain species‐specific differences in a meta‐analysis by testing the ability of morphological traits to explain why the effectiveness of flight‐intercept trap design varies according to beetle species, a critical issue in forest pest management. An existing morphological trait database for forest beetles was supplemented, providing trait data for 97 species, while data from a previous meta‐analysis on capture rates of bark or woodboring beetles according to different trap designs were updated. We combined these sources by including nine morphological traits as moderators in meta‐analysis models, for five different components of trap design. Traits were selected based on theoretical hypotheses relating to beetle movement, maneuverability, and sensory perception. We compared the performance of morphological traits as moderators versus guild, taxonomic family, and null meta‐analysis models. Morphological traits for the effect of trap type (panel vs. multiple‐funnel) on beetle capture rates improved model fit (AICc), reduced within‐study variance (σ2), and explained more variation (McFadden's pseudo‐R2) compared with null, guild, and taxonomic family models. For example, morphological trait models explained 10% more of the variance (pseudo‐R2) when compared with a null model. However, using traits was less informative to explain how detailed elements of trap design such as surface treatment and color influence capture rates. The reduction of within‐study variance when accounting for morphological traits demonstrates their potential value for explaining species‐specific differences. Morphological traits associated with flight efficiency, maneuverability, and eye size were particularly informative for explaining the effectiveness of trap type. This could lead to improved predictability of optimal trap design according to species. Therefore, morphological traits could be a valuable tool for understanding species‐specific differences in community ecology, but other causes of heterogeneity across studies, such as forest type and structure, require further investigation.
Modeling long‐distance seed dispersal of the invasive tree Spathodeacampanulata in the Society Islands
Authors: Larrue Sébastien , Baray Jean‐Luc , Chadeyron Julien , Meyer Jean‐Yves , Mazal Lucas , Daehler Curtis C. , Fumanal Boris
Published: March 2023

Long‐distance dispersal is a key factor explaining the success of invasive alien species, particularly across oceanic islands. However, it is often not feasible to reliably measure long‐distance seed dispersal (LDD) over many kilometers in the field. Here, we used a three‐dimensional kinematic trajectory model (Computing Atmospheric Trajectory tool [CAT]) initiated on the basis of regional wind field data to assess the potential for LDD of a wind‐dispersed invasive tree, Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree), across the Society Islands (French Polynesia, South Pacific Ocean) following its initial planting and spread on the island of Tahiti. The main objective of our study was to determine whether S. campanulata could be expected to spread naturally among islands. Atmospheric dynamics, seed terminal velocity, precipitation, and temperature of air masses were considered to assess the potential for LDD between oceanic islands, with the island of Tahiti serving as the island source for multiple, geographically distant invasions. Aerial trajectories of modeled S. campanulata seeds indicated that wind‐dispersed seeds originating from trees on the island of Tahiti could reach most of the Society Islands and disperse as far as 1364 km. This result suggests that Spathodea can be expected to spread naturally among the Society Islands. When rainfall events were modeled as causal agents of seed settlement, fewer seeds reached distant islands, but more seeds settled on the closest island (20 km away). Including effects of island topography (“barrier effects”) also resulted in more seeds settling on the closest island and fewer seeds reaching the most distant islands. Overall, our findings suggest that recent atmospheric models can provide valuable insights into LDD and invasion patterns of wind‐dispersed invasive species.
Not all temperate deciduous trees are leafless in winter: The curious case of marcescence
Authors: Heberling J. Mason , Muzika Rose‐Marie
Published: March 2023

Temperate deciduous forests by definition include a large proportion of woody species that shed their leaves each autumn and are completely leafless during winter months. Leaf senescence in deciduous trees is an active, complex process typically involving the physiological formation of an abscission layer causing the petiole to mechanically detach from the branch. However, several deciduous species retain all or some senesced leaves on branches through much of winter, a phenomenon called leaf marcescence. Marcescence has long fascinated botanists, including Pehr Kalm as early as 1749. Yet, surprisingly little research has been done to date. Here, we review and explore patterns and mechanisms of leaf marcescence in temperate forests, bringing together six nonmutually exclusive but separately proposed hypotheses: (1) Marcescence has no adaptive function but rather an evolutionary byproduct; (2) Marcescent leaves deter winter browsing herbivores; (3) Leaf retention through winter improves nutrient resorption during autumn senescence; (4) Prolonged leaf shedding into spring minimizes nutrient leaching and promotes decomposition; (5) Marcescent leaves protect overwintering buds from frost or desiccation; and (6) Marcescent canopies provide winter cover for animals (including insects, birds, bats), thereby affecting plant nutrient availability via excrement. No hypothesis has complete support and few tests of multiple hypotheses have been done. It is likely that any adaptive value of marcescence is species and context dependent. Despite increased interest in plant phenology and prevalence of this trait, much remains to be understood on the physiology, evolution, function, and ecological implications of leaf marcescence.
The influence of inherent soil factors and agricultural management on soil organic matter
Authors: Richardson Gregory S. , Ruark Matthew D. , Radatz Timothy , Radatz Amber , Cooley Eric , Silva Erin M. , Augarten Abigail J. , Zhu Jun , Zegler Chelsea H.
Published: March 2023

The accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) is vital to the agronomic and environmental functioning of agroecosystems, yet the relative influence of inherent soil properties and agricultural management practices on SOM dynamics are not often addressed in individual studies. Using a network of 218 operating farm fields across Wisconsin and southern Minnesota, USA, this research employs single variable analysis (ANOVA and regression) and regression tree analysis to assess the effects of soil properties (texture, drainage class, and pH) and management variables related to crop rotation, tillage, cover cropping, and manure application on SOM, as well as total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the upper 15 cm. Single variable analysis revealed that greater SOM, TOC, and TN were associated with poorly drained soil, tile‐drained fields, high clay content soil, and high biomass crop rotations. SOM and TOC were strongly related (R2 = 0.71), but different regression trees were produced; SOM was most influenced by clay content, while TOC was most influenced by drainage class. Future assessment for the building of SOM or TOC should be conducted with drainage and texture class categories and on a regional basis, given that these factors influence the practices that occur within landscapes. A rapid building of datasets through unstructured sampling, including an abundance of metadata, should be a research priority in agricultural science to identify practices to build SOM on a regional basis.
Diagnostic pathways to wild‐type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: a multicentre network study
Authors: Tini Giacomo , Milani Paolo , Zampieri Mattia , Caponetti Angelo G. , Fabris Francesca , Foli Andrea , Argirò Alessia , Mazzoni Carlotta , Gagliardi Christian , Longhi Simone , Saturi Giulia , Vergaro Giuseppe , Aimo Alberto , Russo Domitilla , Varrà Guerino G. , Serenelli Matteo , Fabbri Gioele , De Michieli Laura , Palmiero Giuseppe , Ciliberti Giuseppe , Carigi Samuela , Sessarego Eugenio , Mandoli Giulia E. , Ricci Lucchi Giulia , Rella Valeria , Monti Enrico , Gardini Elisa , Bartolotti Michela , Crotti Lia , Merli Elisa , Mussinelli Roberta , Vianello Pier Filippo , Cameli Matteo , Marzo Francesca , Guerra Federico , Limongelli Giuseppe , Cipriani Alberto , Perlini Stefano , Obici Laura , Perfetto Federico , Autore Camillo , Porto Italo , Rapezzi Claudio , Sinagra Gianfranco , Merlo Marco , Musumeci Beatrice , Emdin Michele , Biagini Elena , Cappelli Francesco , Palladini Giovanni , Canepa Marco
Published: March 2023

Aim

Epidemiology of wild‐type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTRwt‐CA) remains poorly defined. A better characterization of pathways leading to ATTRwt‐CA diagnosis is of key importance, and potentially informative of disease course and prognosis. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of contemporary pathways leading to ATTRwt‐CA diagnosis, and their potential association with survival.

Methods and results

This was a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with ATTRwt‐CA at 17 Italian referral centres for CA. Patients were categorized into different ‘pathways’ according to the medical reason that triggered the diagnosis of ATTRwt‐CA (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [HCM] pathway, heart failure [HF] pathway, incidental imaging or incidental clinical pathway). Prognosis was investigated with all‐cause mortality as endpoint. Overall, 1281 ATTRwt‐CA patients were included in the study. The diagnostic pathway leading to ATTRwt‐CA diagnosis was HCM in 7% of patients, HF in 51%, incidental imaging in 23%, incidental clinical in 19%. Patients in the HF pathway, as compared to the others, were older and had a greater prevalence of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III–IV and chronic kidney disease. Survival was significantly worse in the HF versus other pathways, but similar among the three others. In multivariate model, older age at diagnosis, NYHA class III–IV and some comorbidities but not the HF pathway were independently associated with worse survival.

Conclusions

Half of contemporary ATTRwt‐CA diagnoses occur in a HF setting. These patients had worse clinical profile and outcome than those diagnosed either due to suspected HCM or incidentally, although prognosis remained primarily related to age, NYHA functional class and comorbidities rather than the diagnostic pathway itself.
The mindset of birth predicts birth outcomes: Evidence from a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Hoffmann Lisa , Hilger Norbert , Banse Rainer
Published: March 2023

In this paper we explore whether mental representations about birth (birth‐related mindsets) assessed during pregnancy can predict labour and birth in the sense that the perception of birth as a natural (rather than a medical) event increases the probability of a low‐intervention birth. Birth, in turn, might affect short‐term and long‐term psychological well‐being. These assumptions were tested in a longitudinal study (N = 311), spanning the first half of pregnancy and up to 6 months after birth. The results of a single indicator model displayed a sequential process: women who held a more natural mindset prenatally were more likely to have low‐intervention births, which resulted in a more positive evaluation of the birth experience, which in turn predicted well‐being in the first weeks after birth (measured with ecological momentary assessment), and subsequently postpartum depression and post‐traumatic stress symptoms 8 weeks after birth as well as mother‐infant bonding 6 months after birth. The study demonstrates the relevance of psychological factors for childbirth. The construct of a birth‐related mindset could contribute to a better understanding of childbirth and help to make women's birth experiences safer and more satisfying and to improve the transition to motherhood.
Prepare to tackle academic misconduct in all its forms
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: March 2023

LAS VEGAS — Among today's college students, there's been a shift in perspective about what actually qualifies as cheating, according to Kathy Sulentic, Associate Director of Enforcement with the NCAA.
Analysis of spatio‐temporal propagation of occipito‐frontal spikes in childhood epilepsies by 3D sequential voltage mapping and dipole localization
Authors: Balaram Neetha , Jose James , Gafoor Abdul V. , Balachandran Smita , James Joe , Ramachandran Aparna , H Ramesh Shivakumar , Prabhakaran Anjana
Published: March 2023

Objective

We sought to study the spatio‐temporal propagation of occipito‐frontal spikes in childhood epilepsies by voltage mapping and dipole localization and identify types of occipito‐frontal spikes based on onset, propagation, and stability of their dipoles.

Methods

Sleep EEG data of children, aged 1–14 years, with a minimum 1 h of recording from June 2018 to June 2021, were analyzed to identify occipito‐frontal spikes. In total, 150 successive occipito‐frontal spikes were manually selected from each EEG and using a source localization software were averaged using automated pattern matching with a threshold of 80%, and sequential 3D voltage maps of averaged spike were analyzed. Stability quotient (SQ) was calculated as the total number of averages/150. Stable dipole was defined as SQ ≥ .8. Dipole analysis was performed with principal component analysis using an age‐appropriate template head model.

Results

Ten children with occipito‐frontal spikes were identified; five with self‐limited epilepsy with autonomic seizures (SeLEAS) and five with non‐SeLEAS epilepsies. Three types of occipito‐frontal spikes were identified: (1) narrow occipito‐frontal spikes with stable dipoles seen in all five children with SeLEAS which were “apparently” synchronous and bilateral clone‐like with an occipito‐frontal interval of 10–30 ms and a homogeneous propagation pattern from a unilateral medial parieto‐occipital region to an ipsilateral mesial frontal region; (2) wide occipito‐frontal spikes with stable dipoles seen in one child with non‐SeLEAS and developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with spike–wave activation in sleep (D/EE‐SWAS) with an occipito‐frontal interval of 45 ms, caused by focal spike propagation from a deeper temporal focus to ipsilateral peri‐rolandic cortex; and (3) wide occipito‐frontal spikes with unstable dipoles seen in four children with non‐SeLEAS lesional epilepsies with an occipito‐frontal latency of >50 ms and heterogeneous propagation patterns with poor intra‐individual dipole stability.

Significance

We successfully identified different types of occipito‐frontal spikes in childhood epilepsies. Although the term “occipito‐frontal” is used to describe these spikes on the 10–20 EEG system, true propagation from occipital to frontal regions is not necessary. It is possible to differentiate idiopathic from symptomatic cases by analyzing the stability quotient and the occipito‐frontal interval of occipito‐frontal spikes.
Reduction of aflatoxins during brewing of a Malawian maize‐based non‐alcoholic beverage, thobwa
Authors: Namaumbo Sydney , Monjerezi Maurice , Gama Aggrey , Mlangeni Angstone Thembachako , Chiutsi‐Phiri Gabriella , Matumba Limbikani
Published: March 2023

This study reports onthe effect of various production steps on levels of aflatoxins during preparation of thobwa, a traditional maize‐based fermented non‐alcoholic beverage, brewed across Malawi. The effect of boiling, fermentation and their interaction on the level of aflatoxins, the trends of aflatoxin reduction during brewing, and the distribution of aflatoxins between the solid and liquid phases of the beverage were studied using VICAM AflaTest immunoaffinity fluorometric assay. Fermenting and boiling thobwa pre‐mix‐, with initial aflatoxin content of 45–183 μg/kg, resulted in aflatoxin reduction of 47% (13–61 μg/kg) on average. Fermentation and boiling contributed about 20 and 33% aflatoxin reduction, respectively, but without interactive effect between the two factors. Fermenting the thobwa for 24 h led to further reduction of aflatoxins to about 37% of the initial content, and remainedconstant for up to 8 days. Thobwa is a popular beverage in Malawi which is consumed in large quantities by all gender categories including infants, therefore the presence of aflatoxins may constitute a significant health risk factor. This study highlights the need to use raw materials with low levels of aflatoxins for production of maize‐based non‐alcoholic beverages to ensure consumer safety.
An efficient DNAzyme for the fluorescence detection of Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Miao Qingzhen , Ding Wen , Bao Xiuli , Wang Siyuan , Lin Qianru , Xu Yingying , Lu Jing , Lyu Mingsheng , Wang Shujun
Published: March 2023

Vibrio cholerae (Vc) causes cholera disease. Vc contamination is widely found in water and aquatic products, and therefore is a serious food safety concern, especially for the seafood industry. In this paper, we attempted the rapid detection of V. cholerae. Nine rounds of in vitro selection using an unmodified DNA library were successfully performed to find specific DNAzymes of Vc. Their activity was evaluated based on a fluorescence assay and gel electrophoresis. Finally, a DNAzyme (named DVc1) with good activity and specificity with a detection limit of 7.2 × 103 CFU/mL of Vc was selected. A simple biosensor was constructed by immobilizing DVc1 and its substrate in shallow circular wells of a 96‐well plate using pullulan polysaccharide and trehalose. When the crude extracellular mixture of Vc was added to the detection wells, the fluorescent signal was observed within 20 min. The sensor effectively detected Vc in aquatic products indicating its simplicity and efficiency. This sensitive DNAzyme sensor can be a rapid onsite Vc detection tool.
Effects of high‐protein milk powder, linseed paste, and grape molasses levels on physiochemical, rheological, and sensory attributes of linseed spread
Authors: Rahbari Siamak , Tavakolipour Hamid , Kalbasi‐Ashtari Ahmad
Published: March 2023

Separate levels of roasted linseed paste (RLP) (15, 22.5, and 30 g), Persian grape molasses (PGM) (40, 50, and 60 g), and high‐protein milk powder (HPMP) (3.75, 6.5, and 9.25 g) were ground and mixed in a ball mill (3 h at 45°C) to make samples of linseed spread (LS). After applying response surface methodology and central composite design, the optimized LS was obtained with 22.5 g RLP, 50 g PGM, 6.5 g HPMP, fine particle sizes (<30 μm), and 92% of the highest acceptable sensory scores (ASS). The mathematical model of ASS had good fitness (R2 > 95%) with the ingredient's levels of LS samples. While the PV, aw, and acidity of optimized LS did not change even after 90‐day storage at 4°C, it showed viscoelastic properties and very low stickiness (0.2–0.4 mJ). Additionally, the hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness of optimized LS, respectively, decreased by 50, 25, 3, 8, 55, and 63% when its temperature increased from 4 to 25°C.
Fuzzy evaluation on the integrated benefit of regulated deficit irrigation for pear‐jujube tree based on information entropy
Authors: Guo Weihua , Gao Yun
Published: March 2023

Based on the experimental data of regulated deficit irrigation at different growth stages on field pear‐jujube tree (Zizyphus jujube Mill.) during 2005–2007 in Northwest China, the regulated deficit irrigation integrated benefits (RDIIB) with different water deficit treatments at different growth stages were evaluated and classified using a model. The results in 2005–2006 showed that the RDIIB under single‐stage water deficit at fruit maturity stage were better than the other treatments, and the best RDIIB were gained under moderate (IVSD) or severe deficit (IVMD) at fruit maturity stage. The results in 2006–2007 also indicated that the four double‐stage water deficit schemes have the better RDIIB, and the best scheme was severe water deficit at bud burst to leafing stage plus moderate water deficit at fruit maturity stage. The RDIIB evaluation model based on information entropy method provided the reliable technical guidance for the optimal RDI scheme of pear‐jujube tree.
An efficient adaptive approach to automatically identify rock discontinuity parameters using 3D point cloud model from outcrops
Authors: Cai Xue‐heng , Lü Qing , Zheng Jun , Liao Ke‐Wu , Liu Jian
Published: March 2023

Digital geological survey methods have become supplementary approaches for traditional geological survey in the last two decades. In this paper, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)‐based photogrammetry technology is used to obtain the 3D point cloud model of rock outcrops. The clustering algorithm is used to automatically identify the rock discontinuity parameters. However, the obtained 3D point cloud model with high resolution often has a huge point data which usually poses a great challenge to the computational efficiency of the automatic identification. In fact, too‐dense point cloud data may not be necessary for cases when the rock mass is relatively intact. The optimal point cloud resolution, which balances the accuracy and efficiency, depends on the degrees of fragmentation of the rock mass under investigation. For a model with the same resolution, large‐size discontinuities may have quite a few redundant point cloud data that are of little use to improve the identification accuracy whereas small‐size discontinuities may not be properly identified due to insufficient number of data points. In this paper, the influence of the degree of fragmentation of rock mass on the identified results was investigated. The uniform grid method was adopted to sparse the 3D point cloud model. The optimal point cloud resolution for different discontinuities was suggested. The applicability and feasibility of the proposed approach were verified via three illustrative examples of typical rock slopes.
Palaeoenvironment of the Albian‐Cenomanian Mundeck Formation in the Douala Basin (SW, Cameroon): Evidence from facies analysis and geochemistry
Authors: Sobdjou C. K. , Mfayakouo B. C. , Ngueutchoua G. , Kenfack R. G. N. , Ngos S.
Published: March 2023

The Lower Cretaceous syn‐rift deposits of the Douala Basin (Mundeck Formation), located in the equatorial West African margin were investigated in order to determine the palaeoenvironment and organic matter source, redox conditions, palaeoclimate, and tectonic settings, based on facies, organic and inorganic geochemical analyses. The sediments consist of pebble, coarse, medium‐ to fine‐grained sandstone, siltstone, and grey to black fossiliferous shales. The shales are characterized by an average total organic carbon (TOC) of 1.02%, fair to poor source generative potential with present‐day hydrogen index values, which range from 31 to 350 mg HC/g TOC suggesting that the shale contains Type III kerogens with mainly gas generative potential. The organic particles are dominated by phytoclasts (40% on average) and non‐fluorescent amorphous organic matter (34% on average). The palynomorphs represent about 26% on average with a large amount of pollen grain and a minor amount of dinoflagellate cysts and microforaminifera test linings. The inferred depositional environment of the studied sediments is an alluvial fan to fluvio‐lacustrine with shallow marine incursion. This depositional environment received the contribution of aquatic algae and microorganisms with a large amount of terrestrial organic matter, evidenced by the presence of some dinoflagellate cysts and microforaminifera test linings, and relatively higher amounts of SiO2, Al2O3, and phytoclasts. The presence of trace elements such as Ba, Sr, V, Ni, Co and Cr in the analysed samples and their ratio, suggest suboxic to anoxic conditions of deposition with low salinity. The warm to cold and dry climatic conditions prevailed during the deposition of the Mundeck deposits and sediments from active continental margin setting during the lower Cretaceous periods in the Douala Basin as confirmed by inorganic geochemical data. This study sheds light on the early stage of the evolution of the Douala Basin which could be integrated into the context of a mid‐Jurassic to lower Cretaceous regional evolution of the opening of a passive margin. This evolution is characterized by an alluvial fan, fluviatile, lacustrine, lagoon and marine depositional system. This depositional system is recognized as part of the petroleum system recognized within the syn‐rift deposits in the others basins along the West African margin, where giant hydrocarbons have been discovered.
Prophylactic versus reactive feeding approach in patients undergoing adjuvant radiation therapy for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: A propensity score matched‐pair analysis
Authors: Ghosh Laskar Sarbani , Sinha Shwetabh , Gupta Meetakshi , Karmakar Shreyasee , Nivedha J. Meenakshi , Kannan Sadhana , Budrukkar Ashwini , Swain Monali , Kumar Anuj , Gupta Tejpal , Murthy Vedang , Chaukar Devendra , Pai Prathamesh , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Pantvaidya Gouri , Nair Deepa , Nair Sudhir , Thiagarajan Shivakumar , Deshmukh Anuja , Noronha Vanita , Patil Vijay , Joshi Amit , Prabhash Kumar , Agarwal Jai Prakash
Published: March 2023

Background

To assess the efficacy of prophylactic versus reactive feeding strategy in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) patients receiving adjuvant radiation therapy (RT).

Methods

This was a post hoc analysis of patients of OCSCC enrolled in a randomized trial comparing three adjuvant strategies. In this trial, till 2010, a prophylactic feeding approach was followed for all patients. Since January 2011, a reactive feeding approach was followed.

Results

Two hundred and sixty‐eight in each cohort (total n = 526) were eligible for analysis after propensity score matching. At 6 weeks post‐RT completion, the median weight loss in the prophylactic versus reactive cohort was 5 versus 3 kg, p = 0.002. At all other time points until 1 year, the median weight loss was lesser in reactive than in the prophylactic cohort.

Conclusions

A reactive feeding tube approach should be preferred for OCSCC receiving adjuvant RT.
DNA methylation testing for endometrial cancer detection in urine, cervicovaginal self‐samples and cervical scrapes
Authors: Wever Birgit M. M. , van den Helder Rianne , van Splunter Annina P. , van Gent Mignon D. J. M. , Kasius Jenneke C. , Trum Johannes W. , Verhoeve Harold R. , van Baal Wilhelmina M. , Hulbert Alicia , Verhoef Lisanne , Heideman Daniëlle A. M. , Lissenberg‐Witte Birgit I. , van Trommel Nienke E. , Steenbergen Renske D. M. , Bleeker Maaike C. G.
Published: March 2023

Endometrial cancer incidence is rising and current diagnostics often require invasive biopsy procedures. DNA methylation marker analysis of minimally‐ and non‐invasive sample types could provide an easy‐to‐apply and patient‐friendly alternative to determine cancer risk. Here, we compared the performance of DNA methylation markers to detect endometrial cancer in urine, cervicovaginal self‐samples and clinician‐taken cervical scrapes. Paired samples were collected from 103 patients diagnosed with stage I to IV endometrial cancer. Urine and self‐samples were collected at home. All samples were tested for nine DNA methylation markers using quantitative methylation‐specific PCR. Methylation levels measured in endometrial cancer patients were compared to unpaired samples of 317 healthy controls. Diagnostic performances were evaluated by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis, followed by leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. Each methylation marker showed significantly higher methylation levels in all sample types of endometrial cancer patients compared to healthy controls (P < .01). Optimal three‐marker combinations demonstrated excellent diagnostic performances with area under the receiver operating curve values of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92‐0.98), 0.94 (0.90‐0.97) and 0.97 (0.96‐0.99), for endometrial cancer detection in urine, self‐samples and scrapes, respectively. Sensitivities ranged from 89% to 93% at specificities of 90% to 92%. Virtually equal performances were obtained after cross‐validation and excellent diagnostic performances were maintained for stage I endometrial cancer detection. Our study shows the value of methylation analysis in patient‐friendly sample types for endometrial cancer detection of all stages. This approach has great potential to screen patient populations at risk for endometrial cancer.
Different treatment efficacies and T790M acquisition of EGFR‐TKIs on NSCLC patients with variable Del‐19 subtypes of EGFR
Authors: Wu Shang‐Gin , Gow Chien‐Hung , Chen Yi‐Ling , Liu Yi‐Nan , Tsai Meng‐Feng , Shih Jin‐Yuan
Published: March 2023

EGFR exon 19 deletion (Del‐19) comprises multiple advanced NSCLC subtypes. EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) efficacy and T790M acquisition in various Del‐19 subtypes is unknown. We prospectively collected tissue samples from patients harboring NSCLC with Del‐19 between 2006 and 2020. We evaluated EGFR‐TKI treatment effectiveness among the different Del‐19 subtypes. We collected 1391 NSCLC samples from 892 patients with Del‐19, and the most common subtype was del E746‐A750 (67.5%). 741 patients had taken first‐ or second‐generation EGFR‐TKIs. There were no significant differences in response rates between patients with different Del‐19 subtypes (P = .630). Patients with indel E746 had the longest median PFS (14.6 months), but those with non‐LRE deletions had the shortest PFS (8.9 months; P = .002). For OS analysis, patients with indel E746 also had the longest OS (34.1 months), but those with non‐LRE deletions had the shortest OS (21.1 months; P = .046). Patients with different Del‐19 subtypes showed no significant differences in the T790M acquisition rates (P = .443). Among the 151 patients with acquired T790M who received third‐generation EGFR‐TKIs, the Del‐19 subtype was not associated with different RR and PFS. In vitro cellular viability and activation of the EGFR pathway analysis were consistent with the clinical findings. In conclusion, compared with del E746‐A750, indel E746 was associated with longer PFS and OS, but the non‐LRE subtype was correlated with shorter survival prognosis. There were no significant differences in the acquired T790M rate and treatment effectiveness of subsequent third‐generation EGFR‐TKIs between various Del‐19 subgroups.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mental health, associated factors and coping strategies in people living with HIV: a scoping review
Authors: Hong Chenglin , Queiroz Artur , Hoskin Jordan
Published: March 2023

Introduction

The COVID‐19 pandemic and associated measures implemented by authorities have created additional stressors and increased the risk of psychological illnesses among people living with HIV (PLWH). Yet, there is no collective evidence on the mental health status of this population during the global pandemic and associated factors. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the evidence in the current literature related to the mental health outcomes and challenges faced by PLWH during the COVID‐19 pandemic, identify the associated factors with psychological distress and summarize various coping strategies to ease these psychological distresses used by this population.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review following the PRISMA‐ScR guideline and a literature search in four electronic databases in August 2022. Three reviewers independently screened all the search records and extracted the data from studies that met the inclusion criteria. Factors associated with worsened mental health outcomes were synthesized according to the socio‐ecological framework.

Results

Among 1100 research records, 45 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final review and data extraction, most of which were quantitative analyses. PLWH reported high rates of mental health problems during the pandemic. Multi‐level factors were associated with increased psychological distress, including substance use, antiretroviral adherence, social support, financial hardship and economic vulnerability during the pandemic. PLWH used social media as a coping strategy to foster social support to deal with growing mental distress. Increased mental health illnesses were associated with increased substance use, it was also found associated with suboptimal medication adherence and antiretroviral therapy (ART) care engagement.

Discussion

PLWH experienced high rates of mental health illnesses, such as depression during the global COVID‐19 pandemic. There is an urgent need to provide comprehensive HIV treatment and mental health services as the pandemic continues to evolve.

Conclusions

The review summarized how the mental health of PLWH was affected during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Future work in the implementation of effective interventions to promote mental health in this population is needed, not only to ensure their quality of life but also to help them maintain ART adherence and healthcare during more unprecedented times.
Serial Cardiac MRI for Quantification of the Dynamics of Anthracycline‐Induced Subclinical Myocardial Injury
Authors: Zheng Yue , Liu Hui , Zhao Li , Guan Shu , Huo Huaibi , Li Han , Guo Jie , Peng Xin , Hao Yuetong , Jin Shiqi , Hou Yang , Dai Xu , Liu Ting , Zhang Xinfeng
Published: March 2023

Background

Anthracyclines are known to be associated with chemotherapy‐induced cardiotoxicity. Limited data focus on dynamic myocardial injury during the course of chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.

Purpose

To investigate the variation of tissue characterization and myocardial deformation derived by cardiac MRI during anthracycline chemotherapy.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

Fifty‐eight female breast cancer patients (mean age: 52.82 ± 2.61 years) were enrolled.

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3.0‐T, cardiac MRI including cine balanced steady‐state free precession, a modified Looker‐Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI), and a fast spin echo (FSE) T2‐weighted sequences were performed.

Assessment

Cardiac MRI was performed baseline and after two, four, and six cycles of chemotherapy. Assessment of global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumstance strain (GCS), global radial strain (GRS), and strain rate (GLS‐s, GCS‐s, GRS‐s) and T1, T2 and T2* were accomplished by CVI42. The anthracycline dose and risk factors were also collected before each cardiac MRI.

Statistical Tests

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was used to compare the changes in LVEF cardiac function, strain and T1/T2/T2* parameters over time. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to estimate the potential associations between differences in myocardial characteristics (∆) and the chemotherapy cycle. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

LVEF was not significantly different from pretreatment MRI regarding each cycle of chemotherapy (P = 0.54). Compared with baseline, patients had significantly lower GLS (−15.85% ± 0.83%, −14.50% ± 0.88%, −12.34% ± 1.01% vs. –18.82% ± 0.92%) and GLS‐s (−0.71% ± 0.07%, −0.65% ± 0.05%, −0.64% ± 0.04% vs. –0.95 ± 0.06%) and increased T2 values (57.21 ± 4.27 msec, 58.60 ± 3.93 msec, 58.10 ± 3.17 msec vs. 43.88 ± 3.28 msec) at two, four and six cycles of chemotherapy treatment. ∆GLS and ∆GLS‐s were significantly associated with the chemotherapy cycle (correlation coefficients for GLS = 0.75, GLS‐s = 0.75).

Data Conclusion

Cardiac MRI can precisely detect the dynamic changes of anthracycline‐induced subclinical myocardial injury that is represented as a gradually decrease in GLS and GLS‐s. These parameters may provide new insight for monitoring risk and therapy in patients with breast cancer.

Evidence Level

2.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1.
Inversion of one‐dimensional parameters of horizontal multi‐layer soil model based on dynamic state electromagnetic field theory and ant colony optimization algorithm
Authors: Li Zhong‐Xin , Wang Ke‐Chao
Published: March 2023

Building a reliable soil model is a prerequisite for accurately calculating the ground potential distribution of the grounding grid. Research shows that the soil electrical parameters are frequency‐dependent, so frequency domain inversion of soil parameters should consider the soil inhomogeneity and the frequency characteristic of parameters. A method for retrieving parameters of horizontal multilayer soil model is proposed. The theoretical formula of apparent complex resistivity with considering dynamic state electromagnetic field theory is derived from Green's function. Discrete dynamic state complex image method is introduced to solve the infinite integral in Green's function. Ant colony optimization algorithm is applied to optimize the inversion process of soil parameters. In the first stage, applicability of this method is confirmed by interpreting field data under DC field. DC parameters including DC resistivity, thickness and number of layer are determined. The performance of different optimization algorithms in terms of computational efficiency is compared at this stage. In the second stage, soil resistivity and relative dielectric constant are retrieved by inverting frequency domain experimental data. Different representations based on quasi‐static electromagnetic field and dynamic state electromagnetic field theories are taken into account. The frequency characteristic of soil parameters is concluded by discussing the inversion results. In the study of parameter inversion of horizontal multi‐layer soil model, our method has shown strong performance in computational efficiency and accuracy of inversion results.
Cross‐cultural experiences and self‐protective leadership: A multi‐country comparison of managerial perception
Authors: Kroumova Maya , Mittal Rakesh
Published: March 2023

In this study, we examine the effect of cross‐cultural experiences on perceptions of the effectiveness of self‐protective leadership (SPL). We use survey data from 15 non‐western countries collected in the second wave of the GLOBE leadership project to analyze the relationship between the global experiences of non‐western managers and the leadership schemas they hold. We examined three types of global experience – working in a multinational corporation, being trained in western management practices (WMP), and living abroad – and the leadership schema of self‐protective leadership (SPL). These results show that prior work experience in a multinational company and receiving training in WMP are associated with more negative perceptions of SPL, whereas having lived abroad has a more complex relationship with SPL. These results provide empirical evidence for the link between global experiences and cognitive schemas about leadership. Non‐western managers with international work experience and training hold SPL schemas that are significantly different from the SPL schemas of their peers with no such experience. Further, consistent with Implicit Leadership Theory (ILT) and recent research that links leadership effectiveness to expectations about behaviors associated with gender stereotypes, we find that SPL, a leadership style that encompasses behaviors that are traditionally associated with a male stereotype (conflict inducement, procedure orientation, status enhancement), is viewed more negatively by female managers compared to their male counterparts. Practical implications of our findings are provided.
Current practices in nutrition therapy in cardiac surgery patients: An international multicenter observational study
Authors: Stoppe Christian , Dresen Ellen , Wendt Sebastian , Elke Gunnar , Patel Jayshil J. , McKeever Liam , Chourdakis Michael , McDonald Bernard , Meybohm Patrick , Lindner Matthias , Arora Rakesh C. , O'Brien Ben , von Dossow Vera , Efremov Sergey , Lomivorotov Vladimir , Compher Charlene , Yaung Jill , Imai Taryne , Nurok Michael , Ho Andrea , von Loeffelholz Christian , Hing Foong Pui , Jiang Xuran , Heyland Daren K.
Published: March 2023

Background

Cardiac surgery patients with a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) are at high risk for acquired malnutrition. Medical nutrition therapy practices for cardiac surgery patients are unknown. The objective of this study is to describe the current nutrition practices in critically ill cardiac surgery patients worldwide.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational study in 13 international ICUs involving mechanically ventilated cardiac surgery patients with an ICU stay of at least 72 h. Collected data included the energy and protein prescription, type of and time to the initiation of nutrition, and actual quantity of energy and protein delivered (maximum: 12 days).

Results

Among 237 enrolled patients, enteral nutrition (EN) was started, on average, 45 h after ICU admission (range, 0–277 h; site average, 53 [range, 10–79 h]). EN was prescribed for 187 (79%) patients and combined EN and parenteral nutrition in 33 (14%). Overall, patients received 44.2% (0.0%–117.2%) of the prescribed energy and 39.7% (0.0%–122.8%) of the prescribed protein. At a site level, the average nutrition adequacy was 47.5% (30.5%–78.6%) for energy and 43.6% (21.7%–76.6%) for protein received from all nutrition sources.

Conclusion

Critically ill cardiac surgery patients with prolonged ICU stay experience significant delays in starting EN and receive low levels of energy and protein. There exists tremendous variability in site performance, whereas achieving optimal nutrition performance is doable.
Expression level of serummiR‐374a‐5p in patients with acute pancreatitis and its effect on viability, apoptosis, and inflammatory factors of pancreatic acinar cells induced by cerulein
Authors: Wang Fu‐Jun , Mei Xue
Published: March 2023

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the life‐threatening diseases of the digestive system. MicroRNA has been asserted to be a regulator of AP. This paper explored the miR‐374a‐5p expression in AP patients and investigated the efficacy of AR42J cells. In this study, 60 healthy people, 58 MAP patients and 58 SAP patients were included, and the serum miR‐374a‐5p levels of the subjects were detected by RT‐qPCR technology. The pancreatitis cell model was structured by stimulating AR42J cells with cerulein. Next, cell viability and apoptosis were detected by CCK‐8 assay and flow cytometry. ELISA was used to measure the concentration of cytokines, such as TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β. The data showed that miR‐374a‐5p was downregulated in samples from AP patients, while showing discriminative power for AP populations. Attenuated miR‐374a‐5p were negatively bound up with patients' Ranson score and APACHE II score. Besides, miR‐374a‐5p was declined in cerulein‐treated AR42J cells and forced elevation of miR‐374a‐5p was beneficial to increase cell viability, and inhibit cell apoptosis and inflammation. The present study found that miR‐374a‐5p was reduced in AP serum samples, and up‐regulated expression level of miR‐374a‐5p in cell models had a protective effect on cerulein‐induced inhibition of cell function and inflammatory response.
Upper Airway Disease in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis in the Era of CFTR Modulators
Authors: Uyttebroek Saartje , Dupont Lieven , Jorissen Mark , Van Gerven Laura
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is prevalent in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) and is often refractory to treatments. Uncontrolled CRS might negatively impact the lower airways and the quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the burden of cystic fibrosis (CF)‐related CRS in the era of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators.

Methods

Adult PwCF were asked to fill in a questionnaire on sinonasal complaints, they underwent a nasal endoscopy, bacteriological sampling, and a CT scan. Afterwards, these outcome measures were compared between patients treated with and without modulators.

Results

In the 122 included patients, CRS was present in 83%. CFTR modulators were prescribed in 48% of the patients, with a median of 10 months since the start of the treatment. Subjectively, the median SNOT‐22 score was 16/110. Objectively, a median Lund‐Kennedy score of 6/12 and modified Lund‐Mackay score of 10/24 were observed. No correlation could be found between SNOT‐22 score and other outcome measures including endoscopy and radiology. Altogether, 21% of the patients had controlled disease. When comparing patients treated with and without modulators, significantly lower CT scores (p = 0.0018) and less bacterial colonization (p = 0.0082) were observed in patients receiving modulators.

Conclusion

CF‐CRS is highly prevalent in our cohort and only the minority of PwCF has a well‐controlled disease. A multidisciplinary ENT‐pneumology clinic would be beneficial, as there is a high discrepancy between patient‐reported symptoms and the extent of the disease. CFTR modulators are promising, as lower CT scores and less bacterial colonization were observed in the modulator group.

Level of Evidence

Level 3 Laryngoscope, 133:2898–2909, 2023