bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Status of the R2D2 project: A future neutrinoless double beta decay experiment
Authors: Katsioulas Ioannis
Published: November 2021

The nature of the neutrino is a central questions in physics. The search for neutrinoless double beta decay is the most sensitive experimental approach to demonstrate that the neutrino is a Majorana particle. Observation of such a rare process demands a detector with an excellent energy resolution, extremely low background, and a large mass of a double beta decaying isotope. R2D2 aims to develop a novel spherical high-pressure TPC that meets all the above requirements. As a first step, the energy resolution of the R2D2 prototype was measured. A 1.1% (FWHM) energy resolution was achieved for 5.3 MeV α-particles in Ar:CH4 at pressure up to 1.1 bar. This is a major milestone for R2D2 and paves the way for further studies with Xe gas and the possible use of this technology for neutrinoless double beta decay searches.
Extensive Air Shower Reconstruction using the timing information from the RF-system of the Astroneu array
Authors: Nonis S , Leisos A , Tsirigotis A , Bourlis G , Papageorgiou K , Gkialas I , Manthos I , Tzamarias S
Published: November 2021

The Astroneu cosmic ray telescope is a distributed hybrid array consisting of both scintillator counters and RF antenna detectors used for the detection of extensive air showers (EAS). The array is deployed at the Hellenic Open University campus, on the outskirts of the urban area of Patras in Greece. In the present development phase, the Astroneu telescope includes two stations consisting of 3 scintillation detectors modules (SDM) and one RF antenna while a third station includes 3 particle detectors and 4 RF antennas (3SDM-4RF). In each station, the RF-detectors are operating receiving a common trigger upon a 3-fold coincidence between the particle detectors of the station. In this study we present recent results from the 3SDM-4RF autonomous station related to the estimation of the direction of the incoming cosmic air shower using only the timing information from the 4 RF detectors. The directions of the reconstructed showers using the RF timing are in agreement with the corresponding results using the SDMs timing as well as with the simulation predictions. This verifies that the RF signal emitted from EAS originating form Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR), can be detected even in areas with strong electromagnetic background.
The μNet project: A status report
Authors: Petropoulos M , Tsirigotis A. , Leisos A
Published: November 2021

μNet aims at the deployment and long-term operation of an extensive school network of educational Cosmic Ray telescopes in the geographical area of Peloponnese. In the framework of μNet, an extended educational program will take place, encompassing educational activities for the construction, testing and operation of μCosmics (microCosmics) detectors, as well as for the remote operation of cosmic ray detection stations and astroparticle physics experimental devices deployed at the Hellenic Open University (HOU) campus. A pilot run of the μNet project started in 2020 aiming at the deployment and operation of a small school network in the prefecture of Achaea. In this work we present the progress of the program to date and the feedback we have received so far from the students and the teachers participating in it.
Conjunction of gallium doping and calcium silicate mediates osteoblastic and osteoclastic performances of tricalcium phosphate bioceramics
Authors: He Fupo , Qiu Chao , Lu Teliang , Shi Xuetao , Ye Jiandong
Published: November 2021

Gallium-containing biomaterials are considered promising for reconstructing osteoporotic bone defects, owing to the potent effect of gallium on restraining osteoclast activities. Nevertheless, the gallium-containing biomaterials were demonstrated to disturb the osteoblast activities. In this study, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bioceramics were modified by gallium doping in conjunction with incorporation of calcium silicate (CS). The results indicated that the incorporation of CS promoted transition of β-TCP to α-TCP, and accelerated densification process, but did not improve the mechanical strength of bioceramics. The silicon released from the composite bioceramics diminished the inhibition effect of released gallium on osteoblast activities, and maintained its effect on restraining osteoclast activities. The TCP-based bioceramics doped with 2.5 mol% gallium and incorporated with 10 mol% CS are considered suitable for treating the bone defects in the osteoporotic environment.
Projecting armed conflict risk in Africa towards 2050 along the SSP-RCP scenarios: a machine learning approach
Authors: Hoch Jannis M , de Bruin Sophie P , Buhaug Halvard , Von Uexkull Nina , van Beek Rens , Wanders Niko
Published: November 2021

In the past decade, several efforts have been made to project armed conflict risk into the future. This study broadens current approaches by presenting a first-of-its-kind application of machine learning (ML) methods to project sub-national armed conflict risk over the African continent along three Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios and three Representative Concentration Pathways towards 2050. Results of the open-source ML framework CoPro are consistent with the underlying socioeconomic storylines of the SSPs, and the resulting out-of-sample armed conflict projections obtained with Random Forest classifiers agree with the patterns observed in comparable studies. In SSP1-RCP2.6, conflict risk is low in most regions although the Horn of Africa and parts of East Africa continue to be conflict-prone. Conflict risk increases in the more adverse SSP3-RCP6.0 scenario, especially in Central Africa and large parts of Western Africa. We specifically assessed the role of hydro-climatic indicators as drivers of armed conflict. Overall, their importance is limited compared to main conflict predictors but results suggest that changing climatic conditions may both increase and decrease conflict risk, depending on the location: in Northern Africa and large parts of Eastern Africa climate change increases projected conflict risk whereas for areas in the West and northern part of the Sahel shifting climatic conditions may reduce conflict risk. With our study being at the forefront of ML applications for conflict risk projections, we identify various challenges for this arising scientific field. A major concern is the limited selection of relevant quantified indicators for the SSPs at present. Nevertheless, ML models such as the one presented here are a viable and scalable way forward in the field of armed conflict risk projections, and can help to inform the policy-making process with respect to climate security.
The cultural acculturation in architecture of Karawang Chinatown, West Java
Authors: Sudarwani M M , Purwanto E , Rukhayah R S
Published: November 2021

Chinese architecture which is part of Indonesia’s history is an interesting topic, because each of Chinese architecture in Indonesia carries its own characteristics which are quite unique with suitable materials based on existing local conditions. The character of Chinese architecture in various places in Indonesia is the result of a combination of Chinese architectural characters mixed with local architecture which is part of Indonesian architecture and also plays a very large role in Indonesian architectural styles. One of the interesting Chinatown areas used as a study location is Karawang Chinatown, Karawang Regency, West Java. The purpose of this study is: 1) To get a picture of Karawang Chinatown which has a concept of Chinatown architecture; and 2) To know the cultural acculturation in the architecture Karawang Chinatown. This study uses a qualitative approach that is based on the naturalistic paradigm with an inductive method. The cultural acculturation between Chinese culture and local/colonial culture creates a unique architecture and a symbolic meaning, the character is a blend of Chinese architecture with local architecture that needs to be preserved.
Distribution of residential room patterns while working from home online by anticipating the spread of virus Covid-19 virus (Universitas Budi Luhur Lecturer Houses)
Authors: Iskandaria H , Putri B I
Published: November 2021

The easy spread of the Covid-19 virus and its fatal effects have caused several Central and Local Governments to reduce activities outside the home including work and school which are replaced with online activities. Lecturers as academics carry out tasks that still have to teach and do Tri Dharma online from home so as to maintain health so as not to infect families but still be productive as a teacher. Based on the formulation of the problem, a descriptive research will be carried out in order to obtain an accurate picture of the field conditions regarding the facts and phenomena being studied. Observations, interviews and data from home owners will form the basis of research and several approaches include non-physical identification and physical identification. The results of this study are to determine the part of the residential room that was developed to anticipate the spread of the Covid 19 virus in the form of implementing health protocols in a residential environment by dividing the rooms of the house and parts of the house that can support work from home.
Enhancing the quality of historical area by delivering the concept of transit-oriented development within Kota Tua Jakarta
Authors: Purwantiasning A W , Bahri S
Published: November 2021

This research aimed to propose a new concept for a historical area in Jakarta known as Kota Tua Jakarta by delivering a concept of Transit-Oriented Development to enhance the environment’s quality. The idea of TOD itself has been regarded as a perfect solution for a metropolitan city such as Jakarta, which has a relatively large population. As second-year research, this research has been developed from the first-year research that has conducted some ideas from precedent studies of historical areas. Using the eight principles of TOD (cycling, walking, transiting, connecting, shifting, connecting, densifying, and compacting), authors have concluded some results and proposed a design to be implemented within Kota Tua Jakarta. Authors have conducted a qualitative method with observation and mapping analysis to deliver a relevant result. The result will implicate urban planners and architects in providing good design and excellent planning for Indonesia’s historical site and Kota Tua Jakarta, particularly.
Application of green concept on mixed-use building design
Authors: Lubis M D , Fachrudin H T , Lubis F A S , Dari P W
Published: November 2021

Green concepts are important things to apply on buildings. The application of the green concept on mixed-use buildings must consider several criteria, one of which is the comfort aspect. The density of commercial buildings in Medan City causes a reduction in green open space, and even many buildings do not comply with the minimum green open space requirements on their buildings, which can support the development of this city to reduce environmental temperatures. The aim of this study is to analyze the green concept that can be applied to mixed-use buildings in urban areas. A mixed-use building design with the application of green building principles is the right choice to reduce the effects of climate. The green building concept can help reduce excess heat radiation inside and outside the building. The method used is qualitative with data collection techniques through observation. The analysis was carried out descriptively to obtain a mixed-use building model with the green building concept. The results show that land use efficiency, energy conservation, materials and water conservation can be applied to provide comfortable on buildings.
Questioning the common of the street in relation to outdoor advertisements in it
Authors: Simatupang S , Ulinata U , Diyanti G P
Published: November 2021

Advertisements on the edge or around the street has become a common sight in the cities. Advertising by the private sector on the edge or around the street is permitted, but the advertisements and their structure erected on the certain locations in the street raises the question of how far the urban environment of these street is truly public. Focusing on this question, this paper examines it using framework based on model developed by scholar Lawrence Lessig that assess common across three layer: physical, code, and content. To do this, research needs to be done by using a descriptive qualitative approach. This study deploy the framework in a case of a road in the city of Bekasi. The result is that the framework proves a conceptual and operational means for analysing how advertisements reduce the right of street passers to safe, comfortable, meaningful public spaces.
Application of metaphor and sustainable concepts in art gallery buildings in Jakarta
Authors: Siwabessy D , Widati G , Erwin B , Dianty G P
Published: November 2021

Indonesia is a country that has a diverse culture which is an art that has been formed by human civilization and where art is an emotion or expression of feelings towards the beauty that is seen or felt by the development of art galleries that can be exhibited or even sold by gallery artist from the country of origin. Welcome his work, and with this gallery building, art lovers can enjoy works that show beauty. Location of the buildings is an area that serves as a fine art gallery in central Jakarta, where the region can build fine art galleries. With the application of the metaphorical architecture concept on the sustainable building consideration, it would be an attraction in the modern era.
Ecological architecture approach to the conservation of the Ria Rio reservoir water area
Authors: Zebua R J E , Eni S P , Widati G , Dianty G P
Published: November 2021

Tourism is one of the important economic sectors in Indonesia. In 2009, tourism ranked third in terms of foreign exchange earnings after oil and gas commodities and palm oil. (Indonesian Ministry of Culture and Tourism, 2009). Based on data in 2016, the number of foreign tours coming to Indonesia amounted to 11,525,963 million or grew by 10.79% compared to the previous year. The natural and cultural wealth is a critical component in increasing tourism in Indonesia. Because of the importance of tourism to the Indonesian economic sector, several regions in Indonesia need to be considered and developed by local government tourism objects.
Design of a cancer shelter with a healing environment approach
Authors: Turnip E U M , Eni S P , Erwin B , Napitupulu S S
Published: November 2021

Indonesia, in an increasingly modern era of globalization, is also increasingly changing people’s lifestyles into entirely instant. The pattern of consuming fast food due to dense activities without considering the effects caused by these foods is one kind of modern lifestyle in Indonesia. Cancer is a disease that is quite malignant and feared by many people. In Jakarta, the prevalence is moderate for cancer, which is 1.9%, with the number of hospitals in West Jakarta, namely the hospital. Dharmais hospital, which is a national cancer centre in Jakarta. Therefore, due to limited hospital facilities and to help people living with cancer at the same time help provide temporary shelter while waiting for a therapeutic schedule at the hospital and also help cure cancer patients by applying the healing environment situation through this thesis entitled Planning a Cancer Shelter with Healing Approach Environment in the Dharmais hospital area, West Jakarta.
The development of an arts centre with the application of futuristic architecture
Authors: Pane J B , Rilatupa J , Simatupang S
Published: November 2021

Art is a culture that was born from human freedom of expression. One type is contemporary art, which is the development of art that is affected by the impact of modernization, but contemporary and modern are two different things, because contemporary continues to keep up with the times. Appreciation for art in Indonesia has recently been appreciated both at the national and international levels, art appreciation is shown by the many art activities held, this has resulted in many artists being required to hold their work so they need a place such as an art gallery building so that the public can understand the activities contained therein. and can enjoy the art exhibition. The Contemporary Art Gallery was built to help artists show their work. This building was built with a futuristic architectural design, namely a building style whose planning does not look to the past but to the future, this can be seen from the shape and materials used which have high hi-tech. The appearance of the building is made expressive as the hearts of the artists can be seen from the spatial processing, forms and games of building facades.
The application of energy saving to the Kali Adem Muara Angke Port design
Authors: Novia N , Rilatupa J , Ismanto R
Published: November 2021

The level of sea transportation use in Indonesia is getting higher and higher, so it must be balanced with the improvement in the quality of port supporting infrastructure. The Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta will revitalize Kali Adem Port, which will also be assisted by the Thousand Islands Regency Government, considering that Kali Adem Port is one of the gateways to the Thousand Islands. Kali Adem Port is a passenger port located on Jalan Dermaga, Pluit, Penjaringan, North Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta. Kali Adem Harbor serves tourists who want to visit several islands in the Thousand Islands, and residents of Pulau Seribu who want to buy some daily necessities from Jakarta. Passenger density, problems with access and circulation, and several other problems require this Port to improve its quality and quantity. This port should have designed to pay attention to the environment, such as applying the eco-tect theme to this building, as well as the waterfront concept to maximize the potential of the existing sea. In this design the concept of shading is applied to the facade to maximize comfort and the application of energy-saving lighting in buildings and the Port and its plazas
Identification of neo vernacular architecture in district government building in West Java province
Authors: Wibawa P C , Kridarso E R , Wijayanto P
Published: November 2021

A government should have a coordination building as an instrument to do governance. In a regional government on district level, there is a coordination building which is called Regent’s Office (Kantor Bupati). Usually, it represents the district’s demography and geography. Neo-Vernacular architecture is a Post-Modern architecture concept that combines the local and modern architecture. The implementation of Neo-Vernacular concept in regent’s building on West Java has a purpose to keep, preserve, and become the symbol of the region and also gives uniqueness on the shape of today’s building without leaving the Sundanese culture. The methods that are used in this thesis are describing literature and findings, correlating object, and comparing the shape of 2 (two) objects which are Bandung regent’s office and Sumedang regent’s office’ in a form of a comparative study through Sundanese architecture context and also comparing the Sundanese architecture elements in few parts of building which becomes the object of the research. And on the last section, the result of the findings will be categorized according to Neo-Vernacular architecture principle.
Analysis and calculation of wooden framework structure by using Structural Analysis Program (SAP)-2000 and method of joint
Authors: Tampubolon S P , Mulyani A S
Published: November 2021

Find out the force of the structure wooden framework is one indication in determining the dimensions of compression chord, tension chord, diagonal chord, and vertical chord. The value of each chord force is the main requirement in the planning dimension and joints connections in the structure planning of the wooden framework. Analysis/calculation of each of the chord forces in the wooden framework (tension chord, compression chord, vertical chord, and diagonal chord) using a method of joint and Structural Analysis Program (SAP-2000). Wooden framework span is 7 m, (α) = 30°, and the number of compression chord is 6. Results of the two methods will show the value of each of the chord force structures, the value of the chord force compared to see the accuracy of the structural analysis program. Analysis and calculation found the ratio of maximum and minimum value for each chord force using a method of joint and structural analysis program are 0.15 and 0. Based on research results, a Structural Analysis Program (SAP-2000) can be used to design and analyze a wooden framework, to simplify and save time in planning the structure of the wooden framework.
Evaluation of slab and joist design on construction cost efficiency (case study: office building)
Authors: Sjah J , Rarasati A D , Natasya N
Published: November 2021

Design phase is an important step in order to plan a construction project. One of the determining factors is the building economical value. In the design phase, a method or a design alternative with the most efficient economical value is needed without compromising on the strength of the structure. In this research, the case study is based on an office building. It represents a low rise building with a typical upper structural component which are columns, beams, and slabs with concrete material. Several design alternatives related to the efficiency of structural components’ dimension will be analysed. This research is conducted through modelling the building structure by using the Finite Element Method. The calculation of the building structure construction cost will be evaluated for each design alternatives. The study shows that the most efficient design with joists reduction giving the cost reduction by 11.7%. On the other hand, thickening the slab and reducing the beam’s dimension increase the cost by 26.9%.
The effectiveness of biopore technology on infiltration rate and organic waste processing
Authors: Simanjuntak I V , Setiyadi  , Mulyani A S , Hutabarat L E
Published: November 2021

An environmental problem that often occurs during the rainy season is standing rainwater. Therefore, some water catchment areas are needed to reduce standing water that will minimize environmental damage instead. In densely populated urban areas the available space for water infiltration is very limited. Using biopore infiltration holes’ technology which uses organic waste to increase the rate of water infiltration into the soil can be an alternative solution. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of biopore infiltration holes with organic waste treatment to increase the rate of infiltration of soil. The methodology used in this study is the Horton test, in which biopore infiltration holes are using PVC pipes with various diameter 3 in, 4 in, and 5 in. The measurement of the infiltration rate observed by decrease in water level every interval of 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, and 30 min continually. The results show that the effectiveness of biopore infiltration holes using PVC pipe with a diameter of 3 in, 4 in and 5 in are increasing 62.92%, 70.60%, and 54.11% respectively.
The effect of bagasse fibers material with pumice as a partial substitution of coarse aggregate to increase compressive strength and tensile strength on lightweight concrete
Authors: Samosir F , Hutabarat L E , Purnomo C C , Tampubolon S P
Published: November 2021

Based on data from the Indonesian Sugar Plantation Research Center (P3GI) bagasse produced 32% of the weight of ground sugar cane. Data obtained from the Indonesian Sugar Expert Association (IKAGI) shows the number of sugar cane milled by 57 sugar mills in Indonesia reaches around 30 million tons, so the bagasse produced is estimated to reach 9,640,000 tons. However, as much as 60% of the sugarcane bagasse ash is used by sugar factories as fuel, raw material for paper and others. Therefore, it is estimated that 40% of the sugarcane bagasse ash has not been utilized. In this research sugarcane bagasse used as fiber material with using pumice partial substitutions for coarse aggregate to increase compressive strength and tensile strength of lightweight concrete. The test is conducted on specimens with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm at the age of 28 days. Result of test shows lightweight concrete with 0.25% sugarcane bagasse reach optimum compressive strength at 13.74 MPa, compare to 12.83 MPa without sugarcane bagasse; 13.40 MPa with 0.5% sugarcane bagasse, and 11.61 MPa with 1% sugarcane bagasse. Furthermore, the results of the tensile strength test show a significant increase up to 0.25% bagasse fibers reach 1.81 MPa, compare to 1.51 MPa without sugarcane bagasse; 1.72 MPa with 0.5%; and 1.56 MPa with 1% sugarcane bagasse.
Flow velocity behavior programming on open channel bends
Authors: Setiyadi S
Published: November 2021

Flow velocity on open channel bends generally experiences additional velocity which is called secondary velocity. This paper aims to analyse and calculate the velocity that occurs in an open channel bend in general. The calculation that the writer uses is the calculation with fortran programming, in a case study of a river that bends, where the variables that must be present are given. The results of calculations and measurements of Secondary Speeds that occur at channel bends in this Open Channel will be very useful for river channel improvement or flood prevention in river channels, especially on existing bends. The conclusion is that at the bend of an open channel or river, there will be an increase in flow velocity in the transverse direction. This additional velocity is caused by the additional secondary velocity, namely the transverse velocity.
Analysis of shear strength of the expansive soil stabilized with kaolin at various soaking times
Authors: Gultom R P W , Simanjuntak R M
Published: November 2021

Expansive clay soils are high shrinkage soils that have low bearing capacity. So an effort is needed to reduce the nature of its swelling. One effort that can be done is the method of soil stabilization, where the soil is mixed with materials that can reduce soil swelling and increase the shear strength of the soil. One of the materials that can be used is kaolin powder. Kaolin is a stabilizing agent found in nature so it is easy to obtain. The purpose of this research is to analyse the decrease of expansive soil swelling and the value of its unconfined compression strength at various soaking times. The test was carried out by mixing 9% kaolin powder against dry soil weight. The stabilized soils were then compacted as samples to be soaked with time variations of 0 days, 3 days, 7 days, 10 days, and 14 days. The results of the test after soaking 14 days is a decrease of the stabilized soil swelling value up to 67.78%. The unconfined compression strength is increase up to 77.28% compared to its natural condition.
Effect of heavy equipment productivity and project manajer skills on construction service company performance in Humbang Hasundutan
Authors: Sigalingging M S , Simanjuntak P
Published: November 2021

The development of the world of construction in Humbang Hasundutan Regency in North Sumatra Province, development is the community’s top priority in facing the era of globalization. There are various kinds of tools used in construction work, including bulldozers, loaders, excavators, dumptruck. Analysing the skills of a project manager for a construction service company is one way of measuring the quality of a project. Company performance can be used as a measure of a company’s ability to achieve its goals. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of heavy equipment productivity and project manager skills on the performance of construction service companies in Humbang Hasundutan Regency. The research was conducted using quantitative methods. Data collection was carried out by means of a questionnaire. Literature study is carried out by searching through journals, research, the internet regarding theories related to the problems being studied. From the results of the analysis obtained 45 respondents, the results of the value of r of 0.061 indicate the variable has a strong influence, the distribution of the value of r table significance of 5%(0.05) to 45 respondents of 0.294, normality test of 45 respondents mean=0.00, significance value of 0.200>0.05 so that the regression model is normally distributed, the results of the hypothesis test with a significance value of 0.000<0.05, it can be concluded that sig<0.05 then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means there is a relationship between X and Y.
The influence of transformational leadership, digital technology and work culture diversity on the effectiveness of the construction implementation team
Authors: Simanjuntak P
Published: November 2021

The construction project implementation team generally consists of clients, project managers, financiers, legal consultants, design leaders (architects or structural engineers), other specialized consultants, main contractors, subcontractors, cost consultants and suppliers, who must work together effectively to realize project goals. Leadership, the use of digital technology and cultural diversity characterize the effectiveness of the project implementation team. This study aims to determine the positive effects of transformational leadership, digital technology (digitization), and cultural diversity on the effectiveness of the project implementation team. This research is a survey research, involving 200 company respondents, members of the construction industry professional association in Jakarta. Multiple regression is used to analyse data. The results showed that transformational leadership, digital technology (digitization) and cultural diversity had a significant positive effect on the effectiveness of the project implementation team.
Designating the preference of tram shelter as a part of transit-oriented development’s concept within Kota Tua Jakarta using fuzzy logic
Authors: Bahri S , Purwantiasning AW
Published: November 2021

This research is a part of multi-year research, which has been started since last year by conducting some studies, either literature or simulation, for photovoltaic technology used in public transportation. In supporting the primary research of the implementation of Transit-Oriented Development’s concept within Kota Tua Jakarta, this research was also delivering the analysis of preferences through the community to designate the appropriate tram shelter within the historical area of Kota Tua Jakarta. By using fuzzy logic, this research has analysed the relevant point of tram shelter within the historical area of Kota Tua Jakarta. It has proposed together with another result of the study to be a good design. Thus, this research has completed some of the Transit-Oriented Development’s basic principles, such as transiting, connecting, and shifting to support the need within the area of Kota Tua Jakarta.
An academic review on the performance of the Sidrap wind turbine, Sulawesi – Indonesia
Authors: Lisapaly L
Published: November 2021

To secure the energy availability in Indonesia, the Government of Indonesia has tried to find new contributions from the renewable energy resources, one of them is the wind energy. In 2018, a new wind farm in Sidrap, Sulawesi, started to operate and was expected to generate 75 MW electricity from 30 wind turbines in the farm. However, the performance of this wind farm has been criticized by some popular figures in Indonesia, including the Minister of Finance of Indonesia who mentioned its performance as under expectation. On the other side, the Indonesian National Electricity Company (PLN) has reported some data on mass media indicating that this wind farm is producing as expected. To understand the critics, an academic review based on the standard knowledge in wind energy theory has been done. The study includes the review of wind speed in Sidrap, the maximum expected power from the wind turbines, and some other evaluations. It is expected that the critics can be understood in a fair way and be a lesson learned for the future wind farm development in Indonesia.
Design of hybrid power plants (solar module-generator set)
Authors: Sitorus B L , Samosir R , Sebayang M D
Published: November 2021

Hybrid power plant which utilizes the solar module is the primary source and the generator set is the secondary source for backing up the solar module in battery charging in the village of western Meranti. The total energy needed in this village is 14.21 kWh per day and the use of this energy is from 18:00 to 6:00 o’clock. After the calculation is obtained that the capacity of the battery needed to store energy is 731 Ah with a total of 20 batteries capacity of 1 battery 150 Ah 12 V. In this area the average insolation is 4.87 kWh / m2 / day, irradiation hours in this village obtained 4.87 hours a day, then the solar module needed 40 modules with 2 circuits, each series is made 2 series and 10 parallel, the required Solar Charge Controller capacity is a minimum of 68.37 A for 2 units and for the inverter because the maximum load power is 2,880 W, the inverter with a capacity of 4,000 W is chosen and for the Genset to be used is a generator with an output of 4,500 W and a battery charger capacity minimum 54.825 A. The use of generator set is only for charging energy to the battery if the energy inside the battery has reached the planned DOD limit and the cost of electricity produced is Rp4.524,00/kWh.
Dynamics of the global trade Asiatic Softshell Turtle (Amyda cartilaginea Boddaert 1770): Shifting trends in commerce and consequences for sustainability
Authors: Sihombing V S , Kwatrina R T , Santosa Y
Published: November 2021

Biodiverse countries such as Indonesia provide the exotic Asiatic Softshell Turtle (Amyda cartilaginea Boddaert 1770) for the wildlife trade. Deciding which trade model is detrimental to species survival in the wild can be a major challenge for Management Authorities (MA) in implementing CITES. The consequences for conservation, long-term use, and livelihoods are uncertain. The study used the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) trade database. The collection of raw data is based on trade reports for the species of freshwater turtles (testudinidae) for the period 2011 to 2021, export countries from Indonesia, export destinations for all countries and sources of harvested turtles from the wild. This research aims to study the freshwater turtle trading trends over the decade, compare total quotas to actual harvest, and recognize how the precautionary principle is applied in harvesting A. cartilaginea. Harvesting and trading are following the quota regulated under the Indonesian government. However, conservation efforts were less emphasized, so it is feared that there will be a population decline and even extinction in the future, while the population in the wild cannot be ascertained. The larger the harvest quota set and the shorter the harvest period, the larger the natural population that must be available.
Optimizing breeding strategy of Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cajuputi for a multiple-trait selection: considering the economic weight of traits for oil yield productivity
Authors: Kartikawati N K , Nirsatmanto A , Rimbawanto A , Sumardi  , Prastyono
Published: November 2021

Melaleuca cajuputi breeding in Indonesia is entering the advanced generation cycle and improvements have been achieved for oil concentration and 1.8 cineole-content. In commercial plantations, the total oil yield is an important factor to ensure the sustainability and continuity of oil production. This variable is calculated based on oil concentration, survival rate, and leaf biomass. However, to date, biomass productivity is maintained through silviculture practices rather than genetics. Therefore, genetic improvement for other traits related to leaf biomass is necessary. This study aimed to optimize the breeding strategy of M. cajuputi for a multiple-trait selection using the economic weight of traits related to oil yield. The economic weight was derived by combining selection results in the past generation breeding population and the assessment in genetic gain trials. The study revealed that leaf biomass should be prioritized as selection criteria for oil concentration in the advanced generation breeding based on the current baseline of the achieved gain. The implication of the economic weight to further generation breeding selection for improving oil yield productivity is that the major traits affecting the oil yield should be incorporated simultaneously for selection in the breeding strategy of M. cajuputi. The leaves biomass could be more weighted than other traits in constructing the index for the multiple-trait selection considering the correlation among the three traits observed.
The impact of community capacity building on forest management at Paru Village Forest, Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatera
Authors: Yeny I , Octavia D , Ginoga K L , Suharti S
Published: November 2021

The management of Paru Village Forest in Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatera, has not been optimal, resulting in the low economic value of the farm products and relatively weak bargaining position of the farmers. Asian Forest Cooperation Organization (AFoCO), in collaboration with Forest Research and Development Center, facilitated training through technology transfer to increase farmer’s capacity in forest management; post-harvest product processing; and alternative livelihood development in Paru Village Forest located in Sijunjung Protected Forest Management Unit since 2016 until 2020 to overcome the situation. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of facilitation on increasing the community’s capacity in forest management, post-harvest product processing, and alternative livelihood development. Data collection was carried out by interviewing 34 respondents, selected purposively using semi-structured questionnaires. Collected data and information were analyzed descriptively by comparing before and after situations. The results showed that after AFoCO facilitation, the community’s interaction with the forest has increased by 26.47%. The total number of farmers farming in the forest increased by 16.14%. The study also revealed that AFoCO facilitation had created new alternative sources of income having forward and backward linkage, as well as access to network marketing, thereby increasing the product selling price and marketing reach.
An overview of international trade of Macaca fascicularis from Indonesia based on the CITES trade database
Authors: Sayektiningsih T , Broto B
Published: November 2021

Wildlife trade is one of the main constraints in biodiversity conservation. International wildlife trade is regulated by The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Approximately 34,000 plants and animals are grouped into three Appendices related to the degree of threats posed due to international trade. Annually, CITES provides global trends in wildlife trade through its official website. However, there are some limitations demonstrated by the CITES database, which may indicate unsustainable trade. Using the CITES trade database, we offer an overview of the international trade of crab-eating Macaca (Macaca fascicularis) from Indonesia. Results show that Indonesia had recorded 440 transactions of M. fascicularis in both live animals and non-live forms for 30 years (1990-2019). A total of 117,193 live M. fascicularis had been traded, with the United States being the primary importer. There were challenges in using the CITES trade database in analyzing M. fascicularis trade, including a mismatch between trade volume reported by the exporters and importers, undefined trade purposes, and unitless reports. We hope that our findings can help the community understand international M. fascicularis trade and guide future conservation efforts and policy changes.
Genetic variation of Gmelina arborea Roxb in Trenggalek, East Java
Authors: Setiadi D , Susanto M , Baskorowati L , Mashudi  , Pudjiono S
Published: November 2021

White teak (Gmelina arborea Roxb) is an introduced species of the verbenaceae. This study observed genetic variation of G. arborea in Trenggalek, East Java. Incomplete Block Design was used for this trial comprising four replications, five populations, 50 families, and three tree plots with planting space of 3 x 2 m. Significant differences between seed origins for height and survival rate were exhibited in this study; however, no significant differences between populations for diameter traits at 1st year old. Meanwhile, significant differences between populations for height, diameter, and survival rate existed at second years old. The mean survival rate at first and second years old were 98, 44% and 95, 95%, height were 1.23 m and 2.86 m, and stem diameter was 2.18 cm and 3.66 cm. Moderate heritability’s showed for height and diameter were (h2
i = 0.29; h2
f = 0.30), (h2
i = 0.24; h2
f = 0, 38) and (h2
i = 0.19; h2
f = 0.30), (h2
i = 0.18; h2
f = 0.28). Genetic correlation for height and diameter were rg = 0.75, and rg = 0.89. Genetic variation growth of G. arborea progeny test can be used as basic information of the plus trees selection with good performance. Therefore, the open pollination between remaining plus tress will produce a good quality of seed, which will increase the volume of timber harvested.
The effect of slope aspect on growth attributes of Shorea leprosula Miq. in a rehabilitated hilly landscape
Authors: Attarik N , Pamoengkas P , Rachmat H H
Published: November 2021

Shorea leprosula Miq. is one of Indonesia’s native red meranti species with a higher growth increment than other meranti species. Gunung Dahu Research Forest is a rehabilitated hilly landscape planted with various species of Dipterocarpaceae. This study aims to analyze the growth performance of 24 years old of S. leprosula stands in various slope classes of line planting technique at Gunung Dahu Research Forest. Growth analysis of S. leprosula was carried out by measuring the stem diameter, total tree height, basal area, diameter increment, height increment, and Leaf Area Index (LAI). Slopes were divided into three classes: mild/gentle (15-25%), steep (>25-45%) and very steep (>45%). The results showed that slope class significantly affected height growth and the canopy cover of S. leprosula, but it did not affect the diameter growth. A very steep slope provided the best growth to diameter (average diameter 30.07 cm; MAI 1.25 cm/year) and height (average height 23.7 m; MAI 0.99 m year−1). Furthermore, a linear relationship was formed between the crown cover and slope class in which denser crowns were established in response to a steeper slope (LAI 3.4). Thus, planting S. leprosula as a rehabilitation effort in steep slope landscape delivers beneficial as they showed better growth performance.
Growth of manglid (Manglietia glauca Bl.) from three provenances until age 4.5 years at Candiroto Temanggung Central Java
Authors: Pudjiono S , Mashudi  , Susanto M , Baskorowati L , Setiadi D , Sulaeman M , Hartati R A , Wibowo A
Published: November 2021

This study was carried to examine the best provenance of seed source of Manglietia glauca at 4.5 years old. The study was conducted in Candiroto, Temanggung, Central Java. A Randomized Complete Block Design with three provenances consisting of 15 parent trees from Tasikmalaya, ten parent trees from Sumedang, and 75 parent trees from Sukabumi, West Java, were divided into ten replications. Each replication has 100 plots, and each plot consists of four plants with a planting distance is 4 m x 3m. The plant characteristics, including height and stem diameter, were measured at the age of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 years. Variant analysis and Duncan Multiple Range Test in each measurement stage were performed. The significant differences of plant height among provenances were found from 0.5 to 3.5 years old and were not significantly different afterward. The stem diameter differs significantly among the provenances at 1.5 years old only; afterward, they were not significantly different. The average plant height and stem diameter at 4.5 years old were between 864-917 cm and 12.34-12.48 cm, and they were not significantly different. Therefore, it is possible to choose any seed sources of the three provenances of manglid to be used for plantation.
Mangrove potential and community characteristics for strengthening the utilization of environmental services based on ecotourism: A case study in Karangsong, Indramayu, West Java
Authors: Garsetiasih R , Takandjandji M , Gunawan H , Yuskianti V , Karlina E
Published: November 2021

Mangrove rehabilitation is often challenged by a lack of support from local communities. The success of mangrove rehabilitation can increase the chances of success by increasing the local economy, which will help increase public awareness. This study was conducted in the mangrove forest of Karangsong Village with the aim to identify the potential of mangroves and the characteristics of local communities as capital for the use of environmental services based on mangrove ecotourism. The interview method with semi-structured guidelines was applied to obtain social, economic and public perceptions data. Karangsong mangrove forest is dominated by three species of mangroves, namely Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa and Rhizophora apiculate. It has also become a habitat for various bird species such as javan pond heron, wandering whistling duck, lesser adjutant, imperial pied pigeon, and common sandpiper, which are potential ecotourism objects. The results showed that positive perceptions derived from the economic benefits obtained from mangroves, which have become feedback for mangrove conservation. The role of the driving group is also crucial to maintain the consistency of stakeholders’ enthusiasm to conserve mangroves. Sustainable ecotourism development needs to involve local communities in its management.
Medicinal plant domestication of kayu ules (Helicteres isora Linn.) through stem cuttings: An additional prospective livelihood for the farmer at Bosen Village, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Umroni A , Pamungkas D , Prasetyo N A
Published: November 2021

Kayu ules (Helicteres isora) or screw tree has bioactive compounds benefiting for anti-diabetes, antioxidant and antibacterial. In Indonesia, the fruits have been commercially harnessed for traditional medicine. The benefit of kayu ules has attracted some farmers to evolve this species in their garden, however, the domestication technique has not mastered well yet. Therefore, this study aimed to domesticate kayu ules under a home garden (HG) and analyze the feasibility of cultivating kayu ules through stem cuttings. Kayu ules development underwent two split HG’s: tree shade (HG1) and open area (HG2). Other nursery performances at each home garden were made with no shade (N1), with shading net (N2) and a coco-leaf shade (N3). The result showed that within 60 days on HG1, the best survival was on N2 with 76% of survival and declined on N1 at 30%. Conversely, under HG2, N1 gave the best survival compared to N2, 81% and 46% each. Meanwhile, N3 was in between N1 and N2 on HG1 (56%) and HG2 (58%). The shading treatments, which allowed 20 to 40 % sunlight to pass through, effectively increased the survival of stem cuttings. According to an online market platform at the highest price, nursery N1 delivered the highest IRR at 106% and the second was on N3, followed by N2, which were 104% and 85%, respectively.