bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence and risk factors of porcine cysticercosis: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia
Authors: Detha Annytha , Pandarangga Putri , Nope Yunita
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim: Cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease with a global concern. Estimation of the prevalence and identification of potential risk factors are necessary for the prevention and control of the disease. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of cysticercosis and the correlation of the increased prevalence with several potential risk factors.

Materials and Methods: The seroprevalence of cysticercosis was conducted using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), developed by the Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, to detect Cysticercus cellulosae. This study used serum samples from 62 pigs taken from two regencies on Timor Island. The data analysis was performed using SPSS software 20.0 (IBM Corp., NY, USA) to evaluate ELISA results and the strength of the relationship between risk factors and the prevalence of disease using the odds ratio (OR).

Results: Serum samples from 18 out of the 62 pigs were found to be positive; the seroprevalence of cysticercosis was 29%. The results showed that an extensive farming system led to a higher prevalence of cysticercosis compared to an intensive farming system, namely, 10 out of 18 (56.6%), and that the possibility of identifying cysticercosis in pigs in an extensive farming system was 5 times greater than that in pigs in an intensive farming system. In addition, the results showed that nine out of 18 households who did not have toilet facilities were found to be seropositive, indicating a significant relationship between the risk factor of toilet availability with cysticercosis in pigs, with an OR of 4.5. In addition, the results showed that there was no significant relationship between the risk factor of the feed source and the prevalence of cysticercosis in pigs.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the seroprevalence of cysticercosis was 29% in domestic pigs of Timor Island. The risk factors of an extensive pig farming system and toilet availability in community houses were significantly related to the possibility of cysticercosis on Timor Island.
The Nuxalk Language
Authors: nater hank
Published: January 2022

This volume offers a description of the Nuxalk language as recorded by myself in Bella Coola (British Columbia, Canada) in the summers of 1972-75, and intermittently from 1977 until 1988. The grammar and lexicon are based on Nater 1983 and Nater 1990, and include Nuxalk morphemes, derivations, and sample phrases and sentences. In order to illustrate traditional language use, I present twenty-one narratives as well. Number codes inserted in the lexicon link entries with sections of the grammar (e.g. 10.5 = spatial prefixes). Data pertaining to origins and affiliations (etymologies) of Nuxalk morphemes are provided, and Boas 1910, McIlwraith 1948, Davis & Saunders 1980, and Saunders’ Nuxalk database are quoted where their data diverge significantly from, or are more exhaustive than, mine.
Solution of Lane Emden–Fowler Partial Differential Equations by Taylor

Series Strategy
Authors: elzaki tarig
Published: January 2022

The Taylor series scheme is one of the most primitive analytic-numeric algorithms for exactsolution of initial value problems for deferential equations. Taylor's series technique is a simpleand effective tool for dealing with some PDEs. The main idea of the treatment of thesealgorithms is based on the calculation of higher derivatives using well-known technique for theLane Emden-Fowler PDEs. Therefore, this paper is directed to show this method of solving LaneEmden-Fowler PDEs with singular boundary value problems, we found that this strategy israrely used. The numerical results obtained demonstrate that: this technique is exceptionallysimple and valuable compared to other strategies.
Agama dan Magis sebagai Acuan Masyarakat Muslim dalam Dunia Bisnis di Era Modern
Authors: Ansori Faizal
Published: January 2022

Religion and magic in the modern era is very close to the business world. The problem is how Islam views magi which is believed to produce results in the business carried out and also what are the factors that influence people in this era to believe in magial objects (amulets) and spells. The increasingly fierce competition in the business world, makes magi as a tool of choice to increase strength in the business world rather than social media. This paper tries to interpret the religious doctrines used to justify the use of magi in religion. Basically, magi itself is difficult to distinguish in Islam, because of the long history that magi has long been used and has powers that can be used as shortcuts by society, both for healing, strength, business, rejecting the cross from magi and so on.[Agama dan magi di era modern sangat dekat dengan dunia bisnis. Persoalannya adalah bagaimana agama Islam memandang magi yang dipercaya membuahkan hasil pada usaha yang dijalankan dan juga faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi masyarakat era ini untuk menyakini benda (jimat) dan mantra magi. Semakin ketatnya persaingan dalam dunia usaha, menjadikan magi sebagai pilihan alat untuk menambah kekuatan dalam dunia bisnis dari pada sosial media. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk menginterpretasi doktrin-doktrin agama yang digunakan untuk menjustifikasi penggunaan magi dalam agama. Pada dasarnya, magi sendiri sulit dibedakan dalam Islam, oleh karena sejarah panjang bahwa magi telah lama digunakan dan mempunyai kekuatan yang bisa dijadikan jalan pintas oleh masyarakat, baik untuk kesembuhan, kekuatan, bisnis, tolak balak dari sihir dan lain sebagainya.]
Situs Makam Gunungpring (Studi Tentang Peran Kyai Raden Santri Terhadap Islamisasi di Magelang, Jawa Tengah (1660-1810 M).
Authors: Qowiyyudin Adib Abbiya
Published: January 2022

Gunungpring is an area located in Muntilan Magelang, Magelang Regency. there are several tombs of religious leaders of the Mataram Sultanate, one of the figures is Kyai Raden Santri. Kyai Raden Santri is a descendant of Brabu Brawijaya V and brother of one of the first Mataram Sultanate Panembahan Senopati. Kyai Raden Santri is one of the religious, social and cultural figures of the people of Muntilan and surrounding areas who is able to make a significant contribution in the region. Have a religious ability that is high enough so that it can attract the attention of the public to get to know the religion of Islam in various ways ranging from simple to developing the existing potential. Kyai Raden Santri's grave and complex areas were developed in stages through various ways, one of which was the donation of funds from the community and direct assistance from the Yogyakarta Palace to become a religious tourism destination for both local and national communities and develop the potential to provide good facilities to visitors who would visit the tomb Kyai Raden Santri and other tombs in the complex. The approach used in this research is the architecture and sociology approach. The architecture approach is used by researchers to explain the art of building the tomb of Kyai Raden Santri. While the sociological approach is used by researchers to determine role of the Kyai  Raden Santri clerics in the spread of Islam in the Muntilan Magelang region.[Gunungpring merupakan sebuah kawasan yang terletak di Muntilan Magelang, Kabupaten Magelang. Ada beberapa makam tokoh agama Kesultanan Mataram, salah satunya adalah Kyai Raden Santri. Kyai Raden Santri adalah keturunan Brabu Brawijaya V dan saudara dari salah satu Kesultanan Mataram pertama Panembahan Senopati. Kyai Raden Santri merupakan salah satu tokoh agama, sosial dan budaya masyarakat Muntilan dan sekitarnya yang mampu memberikan kontribusi yang cukup berarti di daerah. Memiliki kemampuan beragama yang cukup tinggi sehingga dapat menarik perhatian masyarakat untuk lebih mengenal agama islam dengan berbagai cara mulai dari yang sederhana hingga mengembangkan potensi yang ada. Kawasan Makam dan Kompleks Makam Kyai Raden Santri dikembangkan secara bertahap melalui berbagai cara, salah satunya adalah dengan sumbangan dana dari masyarakat dan bantuan langsung dari Keraton Yogyakarta untuk menjadi destinasi wisata religi baik bagi masyarakat lokal maupun nasional serta mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki. memberikan fasilitas yang baik kepada pengunjung yang akan mengunjungi Makam Kyai Raden Santri dan Makam lainnya yang ada di dalam kompleks. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan arsitektur dan sosiologi. Pendekatan arsitektur yang digunakan peneliti untuk menjelaskan seni membangun makam Kyai Raden Santri. Sedangkan pendekatan sosiologis digunakan peneliti untuk mengetahui peran ulama Kyai Raden Santri dalam penyebaran agama Islam di wilayah Muntilan Magelang.]
Curricular change for social justice: Teaching science by drawing on students’ lived rural home experiences in higher education
Authors:   Mangosuthu University of Technology, Madondo Nkosinathi
Published: January 2022

The likely presentation of scientific knowledge as faithful copies of reality, as well as orderly activities from science textbooks, could lead novice students in the field of science to believe that the learning of scientific concepts such as accuracy, precision, and methods such as observations, among others, may only take place in the classroom. Contrary to how scientific concepts and methods are normally presented by means of empirical qualitative data, in this article, I argue that the abovementioned concepts and methods are likely to be encountered in the local rural home environments of students. Data was sourced from focus group interviews that were conducted with second-year science students at one of the historically white and privileged institutions in South Africa. This article aims to contribute in theoretically informed ways in terms of enhancing equity of success and social justice in the field of science in higher education. Social justice issues were conceptualized through Nancy Fraser’s normative framework of social justice. From this understanding, an argument is put forward that a sociological framework of critical realism and social realism has the potential to draw the scientific world into the social world. From this sociological framework, it is possible to develop an understanding of students’ prior experience and to draw on it in the classroom for better educational outcomes.
E-learning policy and technology enhanced flexible curriculum delivery in developing contexts: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors:   Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Magunje Caroline , Chigona Agnes
Published: January 2022

Most higher education institutions globally have used e-learning policies as a strategy for technology enhanced curriculum delivery. However, few universities in Zimbabwe have e- learning policies, and lack of such documents to guide technology integration leads to inefficiency and hinders provision of effective support. This study highlights the role of e-learning policy through analysis of e-learning documents and statements at a university in Zimbabwe. Using critical discourse analysis, the study unpacks the discourse of e-learning at the university, to reveal underlying assumptions and beliefs of the neoliberal, elitist paradigm, veiled under ‘widening access’ and flexible learning. Contexts, such as the Zimbabwean higher education, sector have very specific needs, which must be considered when formulating e-learning policies to ensure effectiveness of implementation.
Interrogating the power dynamics in international projects
Authors:   Rhodes University, Boughey Chrissie , McKenna Sioux
Published: January 2022

In South Africa, the push for global rankings and the possibility of attaining funding mean that participation in international projects is often prized. However, although international projects in higher education can bring enormous benefits, they can also exhibit 'social dynamics' (Bradley, 2008) that impact on the extent to which all involved can participate equally. In the case of South African participation, these social dynamics are often shaped by our history and the way it continues to impact on the institutional landscape. This paper draws on one project, funded by the European Union and involving six South African as well as six European universities, in order to explore the way these dynamics played out and, thus, the extent to which all partners were able to participate equally. Archer's (1995, 1996, 2000) social realism is used to analyse the dynamics of the project and, more specifically, the way different project partners' ability to exercise their agency was shaped by the social and cultural conditions in the global and national arena as well as within the project itself.
Narrative Psychology and Vygotsky in Dialogue: Changing Subjects
Authors:   Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Garraway James
Published: January 2022

Book Review Bradbury, J. 2020. Narrative Psychology and Vygotsky in Dialogue: Changing Subjects. London: Routledge.
GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND TRENDS IN LOGISTICS: CURRENT PRACTICES IN TURKEY
Authors: DELİPINAR Gül Esin , DURDAĞ Celil
Published: January 2022

Increase in population and development in industry and technology have a great impact on consumption. Increase in the consumption leads to environmental pollution and global warming eventually. These threats have taught people to be sensitive to the environment and to live 'green' while trying to make life easier for themselves. For this reason, the production, distribution and marketing of the product have emerged under the concept of 'green supply chain management' as an environmentally friendly study. In Turkey, industrialization process did not have an intention to give harm to environment. Therefore, green practices are started to be used in the production and services today in our country. For this reason, the subject of “Green Supply Chain Management” has been chosen and tried to be explained in order to primarily guide all domestic and foreign businesses operating in our country to improve their environmental performance by reducing their environmental impacts. The first part of the study is a review on green supply chain management and mentions the usages in logistics. The latter part of the study aimed to shed light on the green logistics applications to the companies in Turkey by comparing the existing applications with the literature, and with in the content analysis.
It is also tried to reach the opinions of the logistics sector representatives about the perception of green supply chain management and Turkey's situation on this issue. In addition, the study also discusses what can be done for the future in terms of the environment.
ANALYSIS OF THE DIMENSIONS OF SERVICE QUALITY IN LINER MARINE TRANSPORTATION BY STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING
Authors: TAŞ Ayşe , YORULMAZ Murat
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions that constitute the quality of the services offered in the liner maritime transport through the measurement model developed based on the ROPMIS model by Thai (2008), and to examine the reliability and validity of these dimensions with structural equation modelling. The data were obtained from 316 employees working at 52 businesses through questionnaire and analysed through SPSS v22 and AMOS v22 Statistics. The findings indicate that the dimensions of resources, outcomes, process, management, image, and social responsibility in the measurement model are sufficient to explain the quality of service and that the service quality measurement model can be used both as a first-level multifactorial model and a second-level model. Further, the analyses for convergent and discriminant validity performed based on the data from the confirmatory factor analysis show that the measurement model is structurally valid and reliable.
Diagnostic Value of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C (VEGF-C) and CA 15-3 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wardhani Ajeng Kurnia , Samsuria Indranila Kustarini , Hendrianingtyas Meita , Limijadi Edward Kurnia Setiawan , Triwardhani Ria
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Background: expression of VEGF-C and CA 15-3 may be useful to differentiate between malignant and benign breast tumour because VEGF-C plays a role in promoting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in malignant processes and CA 15-3 is the soluble form of transmembrane protein MUC1, a tumour marker which shows higher expression in breast cancer.Objective: to determine the diagnostic value of VEGF-C and CA 15-3 as tumour markers in patients with breast cancer.Methods: this diagnostic study recruited 76 patients that underwent surgical biopsy procedures at Dr. Kariadi and Pantiwilasa Citarum Hospitals Semarang. The VEGF-C and CA 15-3 levels in blood specimens taken before surgical biopsy procedure was determined using ELISA method. An ROC curve and AUC were used to establish the cut-off points and diagnostic value. Pathology examination results from the biopsy specimens were used as the gold standard.Results: the cut-off value for VEGF-C and CA 15-3 were 989.50 pg/mL and 74.00 U/mL. Sensitivity for VEGF-C, CA 15-3 and VEGF-C+CA 15-3 were 76.6%, 64.1% and 89.1%. Specificity for VEGF-C, CA 15-3 and VEGF-C+CA 15-3 were 75.0%, 75.0% and 50.0%. The AUC for VEGF-C, CA 15-3 and VEGF-C+CA 15-3 was 0.831 (95% CI = 0.727-0.934), 0.742 (95% CI = 0.628-0.856) and 0.840 (95% CI = 0.742-0.938).Conclusion: VEGF-C in combination with CA 15-3 is the best diagnostic parameter for breast cancer and has the best accuracy as a tumour marker for breast cancer.
Therapeutic Effect of Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Extract on Pancreatic MDA Levels Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to MLD-STZ
Authors: Rahma Kartika , Nurcahyanti Ois
Published: January 2022

Background: Several studies have reported that an increase in blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) can cause complications to death that occur due to oxidative stress conditions due to excessive ROS production. Red spinach extract was found to be rich in antioxidant compounds. However, there has been no further research on the ability of red spinach to lower blood glucose levels and prevent oxidative stress, which can be seen from the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA; a marker of oxidative stress) in the DM body.Objective: This study aims to determine whether there is a change in blood glucose levels and MDA levels in DM animal models between the groups that were given red spinach extract and not.Methods: This study used white rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were divided into 5 groups: K(-) group in which the rats were not induced by diabetogenic agent and were not treated; K(+) group, the rats were made DM induced by multiple low dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ); and T1, T2, and T3 groups were exposed to MLD-STZ and treated with red spinach extract (Amaranthus tricolor L.) at a dose of 200 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW and 400 mg/kgBW, respectively. Blood sugar levels were checked before and after treatment with extract using glucometer digital. Meanwhile, MDA levels were measured by TBA test using protein isolates from the pancreas of each rat.Results: The results showed that the average MDA levels in the K-, K+, T1, T2, and T3 groups were 1.759±0.08, 2.280±0.15, 2.303±0.11, 1.927±0.06, and 1.801±0.04. While the average blood sugar levels in the K-, K+, T1, T2, and T3 groups were 114.4±8.82, 464±72.78, 421.2±37.60, 140.6±20.19, and 176±13.06.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the administration of red spinach extract therapy in DM model rats was able to reduce both glucose levels and MDA levels. By lowering the levels of MDA compounds, it is also believed to be able to prevent oxidative stress in cells which causes tissue damage.
Subacute Spinal Subdural Hematoma in One-Year Old Boy Due to Severe Hemophilia A
Authors: Sareharto Tun Paksi , Jandraningrum Suciati , Kurniawati Vetty , Priambodo Agus , Putranti Alifiani Hikmah
Published: January 2022

Background: Paraparesis may result from a variety of or primary central nervous system conditions or systemic disorders, and although rare, it may also caused by spinal cord hemorrhage. Spontaneous spinal subdural hematomas (SSDH) are most frequently associated with coagulopathies. People with congenital clotting disorders such as hemophilia are at increased risk for experiencing spontaneous spinal subdural hemorrhage at unusual sites, which is a rare case and a neurological emergency required urgent recognition. We report a boy with paraparesis caused by subacute SSDH due to hemophilia A. Case Presentation: A 15 month-old boy, with chief complain of difficulty in moving his leg and pain when walking, physical examination revealed a lower motor neuron lesion, laboratory showed a low factor VIII at 0.4% level, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed anterior and posterior displacement of the spinal cord due to the presence of the subacute subdural hematoma extending from 1st cervical to 1st lumbar spine. He assessed with inferior paraparesis caused by subacute spinal subdural hematoma due to hemophilia A. The patient’s condition was improved after received replacement therapy of factor VIII and proper laminectomy neurosurgery. Conclusion: This case showed an approach for a comprehensive diagnostic and management for a rare case of paraparesis due to hemophilia. Pay attention to the physical examination which shows a lower motor neuron lesion in an acute paralysis cases, there is still a possibility that it is an upper motor neuron lesion.
Optimization On Subcritical Fluid Extraction Of Zingiberene
Authors: Paramita Vita , Yulianto Mohamad Endy , Hartati Indah , Bahrudin Udin , Broto RTD Wisnu
Published: January 2022

The establishment of subcritical fluid application for zingiberene extraction was studied by employing water as a green solvent. The zingiberene content was observed by using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrofotometry and regarding to the independent variable of temperature, extraction time, ginger-solvent ratio and aging time. By applying subcritical water, the critical value of zingiberene content obtained was 0.036%.  This value was approached by the surface modeling of alpha for rotatability design which performed at 125  C, 20 min of extraction time, 0.08 of ginger to solvent ratio and 9 min of aging time of extraction parameters. The surface modeling was validated by plotting the observed and predicted value of zingiberene content and evidenced by the value of R-square at 0.76.
Techno Economic Modelling of Dried Black Potato (Plectranthus rotundifolius)
Authors: Ardi Pradipta Risma Rukmana , Milzam Muhammad , Paramita Vita , Ariwibowo Didik
Published: January 2022

The techno economic modeling of dried black potato (Plectranthus rotundifolius) was studied by employing electrical cabinet oven. The parameters investigated were including parameter obtained from analysis of capital budgeting, breakeven point and financial ratio of rentability. The obtained payback period was 2 years 11 months by investing 53.000.000 rupiah for machinery and 10.000.000 rupiah for start-up cost as initial capital. By assuming 10 years of dried black potato production, the value of net present value was equal to 1.207.982.611 rupiah. The value of gross profit margin and net profit margin were 0.97 and 0.87, respectively. Regarding to the positive value of net present value, the lower payback period value, and the high value of internal rate of return (74.47%) and also the profitability index (20.17), the modeling of techno economic was positively recommending the commercial application of dried black potato by using electrical cabinet oven.
Failure Analysis at Stem Valve Fire Hydrant in LNG Plant
Authors: MRIHARDJONO JULI , POHAN HERMAN ABIDIN , DARMANTO SENO
Published: January 2022

Hydrant is one of fire extinguisher fix system that use pressure water and flowed through the pipes and fire hose. There are more 250 Hydrant in this LNG Plant and based on finding at the field, many stem valve of outlet hydrant in fracture condition, therefore the author wants to analyze about the problem from this material, this reserch aims to find out root cause dan conduct failure analysis, method of reserch that conducted is visual check  to predict possible cause from failure of stem valve fire hydrant and then conducted fractographic analysis to find out what type of fracture that happen to this material and Tensile Strenght Test to Find out the the actual strenght of the material
Failure Analysis Of Water Pump Shaft
Authors: Ariwibowo Didik
Published: January 2022

Abstract- A water pump shaft for utility water raw material was failed. The shaft was broken into two parts. While in dismantling, the sand was found in chamber between bearing and shaft. There was also a bolt in the impeller. According to reports, the pump has been repaired and since there was no replacement shaft but the shaft was reused in reverse position. There was no inspection of the shaft when it was disconnected by operational reasons. The failure analysis of the broken-shaft was performed to investigate the cause of the failure. Two inspection and analysis were perfomed those are visual inspection and material identification and analysis. When material analysis of the shaft was carried out there was difference between examination and data specification of the shaft.The material identification indicate that the material was AISI SS 304 whereas specification data states SS 316. Both materials have similar tensile stress, so the difference was not the contributor of the failure. The present of foreign material was consider as the cause of the failure. The foreign material caused to stucked on rotation of shaft and increasing in tensile of the shaft over its ultimate strength. Keywords – vertical pump, tensile stress, ultimate strength, material identification
The Chicken or the Egg? Aristotle on Speusippus’ Reasons to Deny the Principle is (the) Good
Authors: De Cesaris Giulia
Published: January 2022

InMetaphysicsΛ7 1072b30–1073a3, Aristotle introduces a Speusippean theory according to which ‘what is most beautiful and best is noten archēi’. Through a detailed analysis of the passage, I argue that Aristotle’s refutation of Speusippus’ thesis is favoured by the introduction of the seed example, which conflates both ontological and temporal priority. The elements gathered from the analysis of Aristotle’s polemical strategy will support a broader conclusion: Speusippus’ reason not to characterise his principle(s) as (the) good is related to the problematic relationship Forms and sensibles had within Plato’s account, or, in other words, participation.
A partial order on transformation semigroups with restricted range that preserve double direction equivalence
Authors: Sangkhanan Kritsada
Published: January 2022

Let

T

(

X

)

T\left(X)

be the full transformation semigroup on a set

X

X

. For an equivalence

E

E

on

X

X

, let

T

E

∗

(

X

)

=

{

α
∈
T

(

X

)

:

∀

x
,
y
∈
X
,

(

x
,
y

)

∈
E
⇔

(

x
α
,
y
α

)

∈
E

}

.

{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X)=\left\{\alpha \in T\left(X):\forall x,y\in X,\left(x,y)\in E\iff \left(x\alpha ,y\alpha )\in E\right\}.

For each nonempty subset

Y

Y

of

X

X

, we denote the restriction of

E

E

to

Y

Y

by

E

Y

{E}_{Y}

. Let

T

E

∗

(

X
,
Y

)

{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X,Y)

be the intersection of the semigroup

T

E

∗

(

X

)

{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X)

with the semigroup of all transformations with restricted range

Y

Y

under the condition that

∣
X

/
E
∣
=
∣
Y

/

E

Y

∣

| X\hspace{-0.1em}\text{/}E| =| Y\hspace{-0.16em}\text{/}\hspace{-0.1em}{E}_{Y}|

. Equivalently,

T

E

∗

(

X
,
Y

)

=

{

α
∈

T

E

∗

(

X

)

:
X
α
⊆
Y

}

{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X,Y)=\left\{\alpha \in {T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X):X\alpha \subseteq Y\right\}

, where

∣
X

/

E
∣
=
∣
Y

/

E

Y

∣

| X\hspace{-0.1em}\text{/}\hspace{-0.1em}E| =| Y\hspace{-0.16em}\text{/}\hspace{-0.1em}{E}_{Y}|

. Then

T

E

∗

(

X
,
Y

)

{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X,Y)

is a subsemigroup of

T

E

∗

(

X

)

{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X)

. In this paper, we characterize the natural partial order on

T

E

∗

(

X
,
Y

)

{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X,Y)

. Then we find the elements which are compatible and describe the maximal and minimal elements. We also prove that every element of

T

E

∗

(

X
,
Y

)

{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X,Y)

lies between maximal and minimal elements. Finally, the existence of an upper cover and a lower cover is investigated.
Metformin maintains intrahepatic triglyceride content through increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis
Authors: Green Charlotte J , Marjot Thomas , Walsby-Tickle John , Charlton Catriona , Cornfield Thomas , Westcott Felix , Pinnick Katherine E , Moolla Ahmad , Hazlehurst Jonathan M , McCullagh James , Tomlinson Jeremy W , Hodson Leanne
Published: January 2022

Objective

Metformin is a first-line pharmacotherapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, a condition closely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although metformin promotes weight loss and improves insulin sensitivity, its effect on intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) remains unclear. We investigated the effect of metformin on IHTG, hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and fatty acid (FA) oxidation in vivo in humans.

Design and methods

Metabolic investigations, using stable-isotope tracers, were performed in ten insulin-resistant, overweight/obese human participants with NAFLD who were treatment naïve before and after 12 weeks of metformin treatment. The effect of metformin on markers of s.c. adipose tissue FA metabolism and function, along with the plasma metabolome, was investigated.

Results

Twelve weeks of treatment with metformin resulted in a significant reduction in body weight and improved insulin sensitivity, but IHTG content and FA oxidation remained unchanged. Metformin treatment was associated with a significant decrease in VLDL-triglyceride (TG) concentrations and a significant increase in the relative contribution of DNL-derived FAs to VLDL-TG. There were subtle and relatively few changes in s.c. adipose tissue FA metabolism and the plasma metabolome with metformin treatment.

Conclusions

We demonstrate the mechanisms of action of metformin whereby it improves insulin sensitivity and promotes weight loss, without improvement in IHTG; these observations are partly explained through increased hepatic DNL and a lack of change in FA oxidation.
Evaluating the use of a two-step age-based cutoff for the UICC/AJCC TNM staging system in patients with papillary or follicular thyroid cancer
Authors: van Velsen Evert F S , Peeters Robin P , Stegenga Merel T , Mäder Uwe , Reiners Christoph , van Kemenade F J , van Ginhoven Tessa M , Visser W Edward , Verburg Frederik Anton
Published: January 2022

Background

The joint Union International Contre le Cancer and American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC/AJCC) Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) staging system for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) involves a single age cutoff as a prognostic criterion. Because a single cutoff is a dichotomization of what might be a sliding scale, using multiple age cutoffs might result into a better stage definition. The aim of our study was to investigate if using a two-step age-based cutoff would improve the TNM staging system regarding disease-specific survival (DSS).

Methods

We retrospectively studied two cohorts of adult DTC patients from The Netherlands and Germany. DSS was analyzed for papillary (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) separately, investigating several two-step age-based cutoffs for those with distant metastases; below lower threshold classified as stage I, between lower and upper threshold as stage II, and above upper threshold as stage IV.

Results

We included 3074 DTC patients (77% PTC). For PTC, an age cutoff of 45 with 50 years had the best statistical model performance, while this was 25 with 40 years for FTC. However, differences with the optimal single age cutoffs of 50 years for PTC and 40 years for FTC were small.

Conclusions

The optimal two-step age-based cutoff to predict DSS is 45 with 50 years for PTC and 25 with 40 years for FTC, rather than 55 years currently used for DTC. Although these two-step age-based cutoffs were marginally better from a statistical point of view, from a clinical point of view, the recently defined optimal single age cutoffs of 50 years for PTC and 40 years for FTC might be preferable.
Development of an embryo transfer model to study uterine contributions to pregnancy in vivo in mice
Authors: Griffiths Meaghan J , Alesi Lauren R , Winship Amy L , Hutt Karla J
Published: January 2022

Graphical abstract

A mouse model to study uterine specific contributions to pregnancy.

Maternal environmental exposures can exert impacts on the ability of the uterus to sustain healthy pregnancy. To establish an in vivo model to study this, we designed an ovariectomized mouse embryo transfer model. The rationale being future studies could expose recipient female mice to variables such as altered diet, drug, temperature, air, or activity exposure among others to define their impacts on the uterine contribution to pregnancy. Ovariectomy ensures the extent of the variable is limited to exploring outcomes on uterine but not ovarian function. Embryo transfer from healthy, unexposed donor mice guarantees that any impacts of the variable are attributed to the maternal uterine but not the embryonic state. Pregnancy outcomes including pregnancy success (number of implantation sites) and viability (number of viable vs resorbing implantation sites) can be investigated. Numerous functional outcomes can be assessed, including developmental competence encompassing decidual, placental, fetal, and vascular morphology and/or function (e.g. measured using Doppler ultrasound, comparisons of fetal growth, or molecular or histological characterization of the decidua, placenta, and fetal tissues).

Lay summary

Many pregnancy complications occur because of problems in the womb (uterus), specifically the womb lining. There is a close relationship between the hormone function of the ovaries and the uterus and distinguishing between the way they both impact pregnancy success is difficult in existing studies using animals. Here, we developed a new animal model to utilize in addressing these gaps in our understanding of pregnancy.
Markers of equine placental differentiation: insights from gene expression studies
Authors: Loux Shavahn , Robles Morgane , Chavatte-Palmer Pascale , de Mestre Amanda
Published: January 2022

Development and the subsequent function of the fetal membranes of the equine placenta require both complex and precise regulation of gene expression. Advancements in recent years in bioinformatic techniques have allowed more extensive analyses into gene expression than ever before. This review starts by combining publically available transcriptomic data sets obtained from a range of embryonic, placental and maternal tissues, with previous knowledge of equine placental development and physiology, to gain insights into key gene families relevant to placentation in the horse. Covering the whole of pregnancy, the review covers trophectoderm, yolk sac, chorionic girdle cells, allantoamnion and allantochorion. In particular, 182 predicted ‘early high impact’ genes were identified (>100 transcripts per million (TPM) and >100 fold-change) that distinguish between progenitor trophectoderm, chorionic girdle tissue and allantochorion. Furthermore, 71 genes were identified as enriched in placental tissues (placental TPM > 10, with minimal expression in 12 non-placental TPM < 1), including excellent candidates for functional studies such as IGF1, apolipoproteins, VGLL1, GCM1, CDX2 and FABP4. It is pertinent that future studies should focus on single-cell transcriptomic approaches in order to determine how these changes in gene expression relate to tissue composition and start to better define trophoblast subpopulations in the equine placenta. Future functional characterisation of these genes and pathways will also be key not only to understanding normal placental development and fetal health but also their potential role in pathologies of pregnancy.
SPERM FACTORS AND EGG ACTIVATION: Fertilization failure after human ICSI and the clinical potential of PLCZ1
Authors: Cardona Barberán A , Boel A , Vanden Meerschaut F , Stoop D , Heindryckx B
Published: January 2022

Two decades have passed since the discovery of phospholipase C zeta (PLCZ1) as the sperm oocyte-activating factor. At present, there is a general consensus that PLCZ1 is responsible for triggering the calcium (Ca2+) oscillations necessary to start the oocyte activation process in mammals. One proof is that abnormal, reduced, or absent PLCZ1 in human spermatozoa leads to fertilization failure (FF) after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). ICSI is the most effective assisted reproduction technique and enables overcoming almost all male infertility conditions. Despite fertilization rates of up to 80%, FF does occur in 1–3% of ICSI cycles, which leaves these patients with few options for obtaining genetically related offspring. Assisted oocyte activation (AOA) using Ca+2 ionophores has emerged as a useful treatment option for these patients. While AOA has been proven very beneficial for the treatment of sperm-related FF, some cases of female-related FF cannot be overcome by AOA. Therefore, the development of appropriate diagnostic tests that predict the prognosis of AOA treatment would be advantageous to improve the clinical management of these patients and shorten the time to pregnancy. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the genetic causes of FF after ICSI and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using PLCZ1 as a diagnostic marker or therapeutic molecule in comparison with currently available diagnostic tests and treatments.
LA ALEGORÍA DE LA JUSTICIA DIVINA
Authors: Montesinos Castañeda María
Published: January 2022

La personificación de la Justicia en diferentes divinidades antiguas se tradujo a partir del medievo en la justicia divina, es decir, el poder de Dios para impartir esta virtud. La justicia divina se ha representado tomando como referencia la visualidad propia de la justicia humana, compartiendo algunos atributos y sus significados, pero también añadiendo algunos propios que la distinguen de esta. Aunque su representación se originó en el medievo, su presencia se incrementó a partir de la Edad Moderna como consecuencia de la secularización de la justicia. A partir de estas premisas, podemos distinguir dos tipos iconográficos de la alegoría de la Justicia divina, los cuales analizaremos mediante sus atributos principales y el significado de los mismos.
EL LLANTO DE LA EXCAVADORA
Authors: López José Manuel
Published: January 2022

Para Giorgio Agamben es contemporáneo aquel que no coincide con su tiempo y, gracias a este anacronismo, es más capaz de percibirlo y desentrañarlo. Por ello, Pier Paolo Pasolini y Pedro Costa serán siempre nuestros contemporáneos porque, a pesar de que medio siglo les y nos separe, son dos cineastas que se extraen de su propio tiempo. Dos creadores resistentes, tan intempestivos como tempestuosos que, como el Angelus Novus benjaminiano, rompen la continuidad de la catástrofe y otorgan a cada ruina y a cada imagen su propia significación y su propio relato. Este artículo se levanta sobre las ruinas de dos barrios de arrabal, el Tuscolano II de la Roma de Mamma Roma (1962) y las Fontainhas de Lisboa de No quarto da Vanda (2000) que para Pasolini y Costa representan una forma de vida antigua y sagrada que se ha perdido bajo de las excavadoras de la Modernidad.
LA VANGUARDIA EN LOS ESPACIOS SACROS DE LA COLONIZACIÓN AGRARIA ESPAÑOLA
Authors: Molina Ballesteros Plácida
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo aborda la actividad del Instituto Nacional de Colonización (INC) vinculada a la capacidad de adaptación de la estética del arte contemporáneo a las necesidades de un paisaje cultural aislado. Valorando el binomio de artistas y arquitectos en las iglesias de pueblos de Levante y Extremadura, se pretende garantizar la pervivencia del componente social, urbano y cultural, como también la de potenciarlos como recursos de sostenibilidad y conservación. La metodología practicada está basada en la visita a los pueblos, entrevista a colonos y recopilación fotográfica de las obras artísticas sacras.
REN HANG’S PHOTOGRAPHIC WONDERLAND: AN ANALYSIS OF HIS GENDERLESS VISUAL LANGUAGE
Authors: Luengo Aguirre Maite
Published: January 2022

The work of the Chinese photographer and poet Ren Hang (1987-2017) was received internationally by emphasising the sexual content and revolutionary character of the use of naked bodies. Nonetheless, the recent years after his death have led to a diversification of investigations in reference to his polysemic photography. This article aims to contribute to the pluralization of the readings around his work, having developed an investigation on the visual genderless treatment of the people posing for him. For this purpose, firstly, the article departs from the revision of the European reception of his work, followed by the study of the significance of nakedness and gender. Then, the identification and investigation of the specific elements within the work of the artist that contribute to a possible genderless reading is undertaken.
LA DIMENSIÓN CULTURAL Y TERRITORIAL DE LOS CAMINOS HISTÓRICOS EN GALICIA Y LOS INSTRUMENTOS PARA LA PROTECCIÓN
Authors: Nárdiz Ortiz Carlos
Published: January 2022

El entendimiento de las transformaciones de la red viaria, y del territorio y el paisaje que soportan en cada momento los caminos históricos, es fundamental para acercarse a su dimensión cultural y territorial, especialmente en Galicia, como en el caso de los Caminos de Santiago, cuya experiencia de delimitación y protección es relativamente reciente y todavía no está finalizada. Esta experiencia es necesario extenderla a otros caminos históricos, sean vías romanas, otros caminos de origen medieval o caminos reales, cuyos instrumentos de protección tienen que relacionarse con la escala territorial de los caminos.
TRÁNSITOS MUSICALES ENTRE COLOMBIA Y VENEZUELA EN EL SIGLO XIX
Authors: Sans Juan Francisco , Cortés Polanía Jaime
Published: January 2022

El siguiente trabajo pasa revista a cuatro documentos musicales —dos colombianos como el Manual de organistas y cantores de Manuel María Rueda y Canciones neogranadinas. Villancicos. Responsorios; y dos venezolanos como la Colección de piezas escogidas para Piano. 1898 y Música copiada y coleccionada por J. M. Ardila V.— donde destacan algunos tránsitos musicales ocurridos a finales del siglo XIX entre Colombia y Venezuela. Las relaciones que se van tejiendo entre estos papeles musicales, obras, géneros y compositores como Manuel María Rueda, Nicolás Quevedo Rachadell, Julio Quevedo Arvelo y Atanasio Bello Montero, dan cuenta de un intercambio muy interesante en un periodo en el cual estos países estaban prácticamente incomunicados. Hasta ahora, estos intercambios se han documentado muy poco, y de ellos se ha hablado sólo de manera tangencial. En tal sentido, la presente investigación se inscribe dentro de lo que Nils Grosch llama el mobility paradigm, y procura incentivar los estudios en este campo en América Latina.
VISUALIZANDO FORMAS, ESPACIOS Y CONTENIDOS EN LA RUTA JACOBEA: COMPOSTELA Y SAHAGÚN EN TRES DÉCADAS PRODIGIOSAS (1080-1110)
Authors: Senra José Luis
Published: January 2022

Una vez reunificados los reinos de León, Galicia y Castilla, durante el último tercio del siglo XI el eje territorial comprendido entre los Pirineos y la vertiente atlántica experimentó profundos cambios en todos los órdenes. Dentro de un contexto de reforma gregoriana la autoridad ejercida por el rey Alfonso VI fue fundamental para que importantes cambios se impusieran. Por su parte, tanto obispos como abades establecieron reformas internas entre las cuales el cambio de rito litúrgico fue la de mayor importancia y dificultad. En riguroso paralelo y de modo más o menos simultáneo las estructuras arquitectónicas autóctonas comenzaron a ser sustituidas por otras más espaciosas y complejas. Sin embargo, se produjeron excepciones. A la luz de ese contexto, en este trabajo se analizarán las que probablemente fueron más poderosas instituciones de fines del siglo XI: la catedral de Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña) y la abadía de los Santos Facundo y Primitivo de Sahagún (León).
AS MIRADAS DE ISAAC. UN ACHEGAMENTO Á INABARCABLE FIGURA DE DÍAZ PARDO
Authors: Ledo Arias Agar
Published: January 2022

A exposición As miradas de Isaac é un responsable achegamento á inabarcable figura de Isaac Díaz Pardo no centenario do seu nacemento. A revisión entretece a biografía e a obra do autor a partir de nós marcados por acontecementos cruciais na súa vida: o temporán apoio á república durante a campaña polo Estatuto de Autonomía; o asasinato do pai, Camilo Díaz Baliño, paseado e fusilado polos fascistas; a invención do Laboratorio de formas de Galicia e o afastamento obrigado do seu proxecto de vida, Sargadelos, pouco antes da súa morte. A mostra recoñece a inmensidade dunha das figuras fundamentais para entender a cultura galega da segunda metade do século XX.
Errores preanalíticos en la recolección de orina de 24 horas
Authors: Saldaña Orejón Italo Moisés
Published: January 2022

Introducción. La recolección de orina en el lapso de 24 horas es necesaria para la medición de constituyentes bioquímicos que presentan una excreción urinaria variable; sin embargo, dicho proceso no está exento de errores preanalíticos. Objetivos. Evaluar el nivel de cumplimiento de las instrucciones para recoger la muestra, identificar la recolección de orinas incompletas y conocer los procesos preanalíticos que aplica un grupo de profesionales. Métodos. Estudio de diseño observacional, en el que se realizó encuestas anónimas y voluntarias a 257 pacientes ambulatorios y 59 profesionales tecnólogos médicos, además de estimar la excreción urinaria de creatinina a 416 muestras. Resultados. El estudio evidenció recolecciones incorrectas (39,7%), uso de recipientes inadecuados (58,14%), mala conservación de las muestras (98,8%), cambio en los hábitos de ingesta de líquidos (23,7%), escasa información y retroalimentación a los pacientes sobre la preparación de la prueba, el 76,92% de muestras presentaron pérdidas o excesos en el volumen recolectado y una alta variabilidad de los criterios que utilizan los profesionales para rechazar las muestras mal colectadas. Conclusión. Se observó un bajo cumplimiento de los pacientes a las indicaciones para la recolección de la muestra, una alta proporción de recolecciones incompletas y discordancia en los procesos preanalíticos para el análisis de orina de 24 horas.