bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KPNB1-mediated nuclear translocation of PD-L1 promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation via the Gas6/MerTK signaling pathway
Authors: Du Wenwen , Zhu Jianjie , Zeng Yuanyuan , Liu Ting , Zhang Yang , Cai Tingting , Fu Yulong , Zhang Weijie , Zhang Ruochen , Liu Zeyi , Huang Jian-an
Published: November 2020

In addition to the role of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in facilitating tumour cells escape from immune surveillance, it is considered as a crucial effector in transducing intrinsic signals to promote tumour development. Our previous study has pointed out that PD-L1 promotes non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell proliferation, but the mechanism remains elusive. Here we first demonstrated that PD-L1 expression levels were positively correlated with p-MerTK levels in patient samples and NSCLC cell lines. In addition, PD-L1 knockdown led to the reduced phosphorylation level of MerTK in vitro. We next showed that PD-L1 regulated NSCLC cell proliferation via Gas6/MerTK signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we unexpectedly found that PD-L1 translocated into the nucleus of cancer cells which was facilitated through the binding of Karyopherin β1 (KPNB1). Nuclear PD-L1 (nPD-L1), coupled with transcription factor Sp1, regulated the synthesis of Gas6 mRNA and promoted Gas6 secretion to activate MerTK signaling pathway. Taken together, our results shed light on the novel role of nPD-L1 in NSCLC cell proliferation and reveal a new molecular mechanism underlying nPD-L1-mediated Gas6/MerTK signaling activation. All above findings provide the possible combinational implications for PD-L1 targeted immunotherapy in the clinic.
A spatial emergent constraint on the sensitivity of soil carbon turnover to global warming
Authors: Varney Rebecca M. , Chadburn Sarah E. , Friedlingstein Pierre , Burke Eleanor J. , Koven Charles D. , Hugelius Gustaf , Cox Peter M.
Published: November 2020

Carbon cycle feedbacks represent large uncertainties in climate change projections, and the response of soil carbon to climate change contributes the greatest uncertainty to this. Future changes in soil carbon depend on changes in litter and root inputs from plants and especially on reductions in the turnover time of soil carbon (τs) with warming. An approximation to the latter term for the top one metre of soil (ΔCs,τ) can be diagnosed from projections made with the CMIP6 and CMIP5 Earth System Models (ESMs), and is found to span a large range even at 2 °C of global warming (−196 ± 117 PgC). Here, we present a constraint on ΔCs,τ, which makes use of current heterotrophic respiration and the spatial variability of τs inferred from observations. This spatial emergent constraint allows us to halve the uncertainty in ΔCs,τ at 2 °C to −232 ± 52 PgC.
An HDAC6-dependent surveillance mechanism suppresses tau-mediated neurodegeneration and cognitive decline
Authors: Trzeciakiewicz Hanna , Ajit Deepa , Tseng Jui-Heng , Chen Youjun , Ajit Aditi , Tabassum Zarin , Lobrovich Rebecca , Peterson Claire , Riddick Natallia V. , Itano Michelle S. , Tripathy Ashutosh , Moy Sheryl S. , Lee Virginia M. Y. , Trojanowski John Q. , Irwin David J. , Cohen Todd J.
Published: November 2020

Tauopathies including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are marked by the accumulation of aberrantly modified tau proteins. Acetylated tau, in particular, has recently been implicated in neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. HDAC6 reversibly regulates tau acetylation, but its role in tauopathy progression remains unclear. Here, we identified an HDAC6-chaperone complex that targets aberrantly modified tau. HDAC6 not only deacetylates tau but also suppresses tau hyperphosphorylation within the microtubule-binding region. In neurons and human AD brain, HDAC6 becomes co-aggregated within focal tau swellings and human AD neuritic plaques. Using mass spectrometry, we identify a novel HDAC6-regulated tau acetylation site as a disease specific marker for 3R/4R and 3R tauopathies, supporting uniquely modified tau species in different neurodegenerative disorders. Tau transgenic mice lacking HDAC6 show reduced survival characterized by accelerated tau pathology and cognitive decline. We propose that a HDAC6-dependent surveillance mechanism suppresses toxic tau accumulation, which may protect against the progression of AD and related tauopathies.
Hybrid low-voltage physical unclonable function based on inkjet-printed metal-oxide transistors
Authors: Scholz Alexander , Zimmermann Lukas , Gengenbach Ulrich , Koker Liane , Chen Zehua , Hahn Horst , Sikora Axel , Tahoori Mehdi B. , Aghassi-Hagmann Jasmin
Published: November 2020

Modern society is striving for digital connectivity that demands information security. As an emerging technology, printed electronics is a key enabler for novel device types with free form factors, customizability, and the potential for large-area fabrication while being seamlessly integrated into our everyday environment. At present, information security is mainly based on software algorithms that use pseudo random numbers. In this regard, hardware-intrinsic security primitives, such as physical unclonable functions, are very promising to provide inherent security features comparable to biometrical data. Device-specific, random intrinsic variations are exploited to generate unique secure identifiers. Here, we introduce a hybrid physical unclonable function, combining silicon and printed electronics technologies, based on metal oxide thin film devices. Our system exploits the inherent randomness of printed materials due to surface roughness, film morphology and the resulting electrical characteristics. The security primitive provides high intrinsic variation, is non-volatile, scalable and exhibits nearly ideal uniqueness.
Changes in physiological activities and root exudation profile of two grapevine rootstocks reveal common and specific strategies for Fe acquisition
Authors: Marastoni Laura , Lucini Luigi , Miras-Moreno Begoña , Trevisan Marco , Sega Davide , Zamboni Anita , Varanini Zeno
Published: November 2020

In several cultivation areas, grapevine can suffer from Fe chlorosis due to the calcareous and alkaline nature of soils. This plant species has been described to cope with Fe deficiency by activating Strategy I mechanisms, hence increasing root H+ extrusion and ferric-chelate reductase activity. The degree of tolerance exhibited by the rootstocks has been reported to depend on both reactions, but to date, little emphasis has been given to the role played by root exudate extrusion. We studied the behaviour of two hydroponically-grown, tolerant grapevine rootstocks (Ramsey and 140R) in response to Fe deficiency. Under these experimental conditions, the two varieties displayed differences in their ability to modulate morpho-physiological parameters, root acidification and ferric chelate reductase activity. The metabolic profiling of root exudates revealed common strategies for Fe acquisition, including ones targeted at reducing microbial competition for this micronutrient by limiting the exudation of amino acids and sugars and increasing instead that of Fe(III)-reducing compounds. Other modifications in exudate composition hint that the two rootstocks cope with Fe shortage via specific adjustments of their exudation patterns. Furthermore, the presence of 3-hydroxymugenic acid in these compounds suggests that the responses of grapevine to Fe availability are rather diverse and much more complex than those usually described for Strategy I plants.
Differential evolution algorithm for performance optimization of the micro plasma actuator as a microelectromechanical system
Authors: Omidi Javad , Mazaheri Karim
Published: November 2020

Dielectric Discharge Barrier (DBD) plasma actuators are considered as one of the best active electro-hydrodynamic control devices, and are considered by many contemporary researchers. Here a simple electrostatic model, which is improved by authors, and uses the Maxwell’s and the Navier–Stokes equations, is proposed for massive optimization computations. This model is used to find the optimum solution for application of a dielectric discharge barrier on a curved surface of a DU25 wind turbine blade airfoil, in a range of 5–18 kV applied voltages, and 0.5 to 13 kHz frequency range. Design variables are selected as the dielectric thickness and material, and thickness and length of the electrodes, and the applied voltage and frequency. The aerodynamic performance, i.e. the lift to drag ratio of the wind turbine blade section is considered as the cost function. A differential evolution optimization algorithm is applied and we have simultaneously found the optimized value of both geometrical and operational parameters. Finally the optimized value at each voltage and frequency are sought, and the optimum aerodynamic performance is derived. The physical effect of each design variable on the aerodynamic performance is discussed. A design relation is proposed to recommend an optimum design for wind turbine applications.
Spatial transcriptomics inferred from pathology whole-slide images links tumor heterogeneity to survival in breast and lung cancer
Authors: Levy-Jurgenson Alona , Tekpli Xavier , Kristensen Vessela N. , Yakhini Zohar
Published: November 2020

Digital analysis of pathology whole-slide images is fast becoming a game changer in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Specifically, deep learning methods have shown great potential to support pathology analysis, with recent studies identifying molecular traits that were not previously recognized in pathology H&E whole-slide images. Simultaneous to these developments, it is becoming increasingly evident that tumor heterogeneity is an important determinant of cancer prognosis and susceptibility to treatment, and should therefore play a role in the evolving practices of matching treatment protocols to patients. State of the art diagnostic procedures, however, do not provide automated methods for characterizing and/or quantifying tumor heterogeneity, certainly not in a spatial context. Further, existing methods for analyzing pathology whole-slide images from bulk measurements require many training samples and complex pipelines. Our work addresses these two challenges. First, we train deep learning models to spatially resolve bulk mRNA and miRNA expression levels on pathology whole-slide images (WSIs). Our models reach up to 0.95 AUC on held-out test sets from two cancer cohorts using a simple training pipeline and a small number of training samples. Using the inferred gene expression levels, we further develop a method to spatially characterize tumor heterogeneity. Specifically, we produce tumor molecular cartographies and heterogeneity maps of WSIs and formulate a heterogeneity index (HTI) that quantifies the level of heterogeneity within these maps. Applying our methods to breast and lung cancer slides, we show a significant statistical link between heterogeneity and survival. Our methods potentially open a new and accessible approach to investigating tumor heterogeneity and other spatial molecular properties and their link to clinical characteristics, including treatment susceptibility and survival.
Establish pre-clinical diagnostic efficacy for parathyroid hormone as a point-of-surgery-testing-device (POST)
Authors: Tanak Ambalika S. , Muthukumar Sriram , Hashim Ibrahim A. , Prasad Shalini
Published: November 2020

Measuring the Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels assists in the investigation and management of patients with parathyroid disorders. Rapid PTH monitoring is a valid tool for accurate assessment intraoperatively. Rapid Electro-Analytical Device (READ) is a point-of-care device that uses impedance change between target and capture probe to assess the PTH concentration in undiluted patient plasma samples. The aim of this work focuses on evaluating the analytical performance of READ platform to Roche analyzer as a prospective clinical validation method. The coefficient of variation (CV) for intra-assay imprecision was < 5% and inter-assay imprecision CV was < 10% for high (942 pg/mL) and low (38.2 pg/mL) PTH concentration. Functional sensitivity defined at 15% CV was 1.9 pg/mL. Results obtained from READ platform correlated well (r = 0.99) with commercially available clinical laboratory method (Roche Diagnostics) to measure PTH concentrations with a turn-around time of less than 15 min. Furthermore, the mean bias of 7.6 pg/mL determined by Bland–Altman analysis, showed good agreement between the two methods. We envision such a sensing system would allow medical practitioners to facilitate targeted interventions, thereby, offering an immediate prognostic approach as the cornerstone to delivering successful treatment for patients suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism.
Author Correction: A scoping review of the contributions of farmers’ organizations to smallholder agriculture
Authors: Bizikova Livia , Nkonya Ephraim , Minah Margitta , Hanisch Markus , Turaga Rama Mohana Rao , Speranza Chinwe Ifejika , Karthikeyan Muthumariappan , Tang Lixia , Ghezzi-Kopel Kate , Kelly Julie , Celestin Ashley Casandra , Timmers Beth
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Extraordinary human energy consumption and resultant geological impacts beginning around 1950 CE initiated the proposed Anthropocene Epoch
Authors: Syvitski Jaia , Waters Colin N. , Day John , Milliman John D. , Summerhayes Colin , Steffen Will , Zalasiewicz Jan , Cearreta Alejandro , Gałuszka Agnieszka , Hajdas Irka , Head Martin J. , Leinfelder Reinhold , McNeill J. R. , Poirier Clément , Rose Neil L. , Shotyk William , Wagreich Michael , Williams Mark
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
The influence of dietary conditions in the effects of resveratrol on hepatic steatosis
Authors: Milton-Laskibar I. , Aguirre L. , Gómez-Zorita S. , Rolo A. P. , Portillo M. P.
Published: November 2020

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the major cause for the development of chronic liver alterations.
A new purification method based on a thiol silica column for high precision antimony isotope measurements
Authors: Li Shuyang , Deng Yanli , Zheng Hongtao , Liu Xing , Tang Peidong , Zhou Jianwei , Zhu Zhenli
Published: November 2020

This work provides a new purification procedure for high precision Sb isotopic analysis by using a thiol silica gel column, which is applied to determine Sb isotope composition in natural water samples affected by mining activities.
Nano- and biosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Iravani Siavash
Published: November 2020

Recent advances in the design of nano- and biosensors, as well as important challenges and opportunities related to the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 diagnosis, are discussed.
Graphene oxide-functionalized nanofibre composite matrices to enhance differentiation of hippocampal neuronal cells
Authors: Kang Moon Sung , Lee Jong Ho , Song Su-Jin , Shin Dong-Myeong , Jang Jun-Hyeog , Hyon Suong-Hyu , Hong Suck Won , Lee Jong Hun , Han Dong-Wook
Published: November 2020

The neurite outgrowth was guided by biofunctional cues, such as Lam and GO, with nanofibre-mediated topographical cues, which upregulated the expression of some specific genes closely associated with cytoskeletal interactions.
DNAzymes for amine and peptide lysine acylation
Authors: Yao Tianjiong , Przybyla Jack J. , Yeh Peter , Woodard Austin M. , Nilsson Hannah J. , Brandsen Benjamin M. , Silverman Scott K.
Published: November 2020

In vitroselection identifies DNAzymes that acylate amino groups, including Lys in tethered peptides, and in some cases by transfer of a small glutaryl group.
Magnetic double-network composite capable of large recoverable deformation
Authors: Feng Xiangchao , Ma Zhuo , MacArthur Jonathan V. , Hong Wei
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a magnetic double network (DN) composite, which consists of permanent magnet chains embedded in an elastomer matrix, and was capable of large yet fully recoverable deformation.
Lithium adsorption on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides: towards a descriptor for machine learned materials design
Authors: Dou Maofeng , Fyta Maria
Published: November 2020

Adsorption energy: an efficient descriptor for prediction of single-atom adsorption on 2D TMDs.
A skin-matchable, recyclable and biofriendly strain sensor based on a hydrolyzed keratin-containing hydrogel
Authors: Gao Yang , Gu Song , Jia Fei , Gao Guanghui
Published: November 2020

A skin-matchable, recyclable and biofriendly sensor based on a hydrolyzed keratin-containing hydrogel was designed for monitoring whole-body physiological signals and motions.
The RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE): Parameterisation of RAVE spectra based on convolutional neural networks
Authors: Guiglion G. , Matijevič G. , Queiroz A. B. A. , Valentini M. , Steinmetz M. , Chiappini C. , Grebel E. K. , McMillan P. J. , Kordopatis G. , Kunder A. , Zwitter T. , Khalatyan A. , Anders F. , Enke H. , Minchev I. , Monari G. , Wyse R. F. G. , Bienaymé O. , Bland-Hawthorn J. , Gibson B. K. , Navarro J. F. , Parker Q. , Reid W. , Seabroke G. M. , Siebert A.
Published: November 2020

Context. Data-driven methods play an increasingly important role in the field of astrophysics. In the context of large spectroscopic surveys of stars, data-driven methods are key in deducing physical parameters for millions of spectra in a short time. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) enable us to connect observables (e.g. spectra, stellar magnitudes) to physical properties (atmospheric parameters, chemical abundances, or labels in general).

Aims. We test whether it is possible to transfer the labels derived from a high-resolution stellar survey to intermediate-resolution spectra of another survey by using a CNN.

Methods. We trained a CNN, adopting stellar atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances from APOGEE DR16 (resolution R = 22 500) data as training set labels. As input, we used parts of the intermediate-resolution RAVE DR6 spectra (R ∼ 7500) overlapping with the APOGEE DR16 data as well as broad-band ALL_WISE and 2MASS photometry, together with Gaia DR2 photometry and parallaxes.

Results. We derived precise atmospheric parameters Teff, log(g), and [M/H], along with the chemical abundances of [Fe/H], [α/M], [Mg/Fe], [Si/Fe], [Al/Fe], and [Ni/Fe] for 420 165 RAVE spectra. The precision typically amounts to 60 K in Teff, 0.06 in log(g) and 0.02−0.04 dex for individual chemical abundances. Incorporating photometry and astrometry as additional constraints substantially improves the results in terms of the accuracy and precision of the derived labels, as long as we operate in those parts of the parameter space that are well-covered by the training sample. Scientific validation confirms the robustness of the CNN results. We provide a catalogue of CNN-trained atmospheric parameters and abundances along with their uncertainties for 420 165 stars in the RAVE survey.

Conclusions. CNN-based methods provide a powerful way to combine spectroscopic, photometric, and astrometric data without the need to apply any priors in the form of stellar evolutionary models. The developed procedure can extend the scientific output of RAVE spectra beyond DR6 to ongoing and planned surveys such as Gaia RVS, 4MOST, and WEAVE. We call on the community to place a particular collective emphasis and on efforts to create unbiased training samples for such future spectroscopic surveys.
Tidal evolution of the Pluto–Charon binary
Authors: Correia Alexandre C. M.
Published: November 2020

A giant collision is believed to be at the origin of the Pluto–Charon system. As a result, the initial orbit and spins after impact may have substantially differed from those observed today. More precisely, the distance at periapse may have been shorter, subsequently expanding to its current separation by tides raised simultaneously on the two bodies. Here we provide a general 3D model to study the tidal evolution of a binary composed of two triaxial bodies orbiting a central star. We apply this model to the Pluto–Charon binary, and notice some interesting constraints on the initial system. We observe that when the eccentricity evolves to high values, the presence of the Sun prevents Charon from escaping because of Lidov-Kozai cycles. However, for a high initial obliquity for Pluto or a spin-orbit capture of Charon’s rotation, the binary eccentricity is damped very efficiently. As a result, the system can maintain a moderate eccentricity throughout its evolution, even for strong tidal dissipation on Pluto.
Measuring accretion disk sizes of lensed quasars with microlensing time delay in multi-band light curves
Authors: Chan J. H. H. , Rojas K. , Millon M. , Courbin F. , Bonvin V. , Jauffret G.
Published: November 2020

Time-delay cosmography in strongly lensed quasars offers an independent way of measuring the Hubble constant, H0. However, it has been proposed that the combination of microlensing and source-size effects, also known as microlensing time delay, can potentially increase the uncertainty in time-delay measurements as well as lead to a biased time delay. In this work, we first investigate how microlensing time delay changes with assumptions on the initial mass function (IMF) and find that the more massive microlenses produce the sharper distributions of microlensing time delays. We also find that the IMF has a modest effect on the magnification probability distributions. Second, we present a new method to measure the color-dependent source size in lensed quasars using the microlensing time delays inferred from multi-band light curves. In practice, the relevant observable is the differential microlensing time delays between different bands. We show from a simulation using the facility as Vera C. Rubin Observatory that if this differential time delay between bands can be measured with a precision of 0.1 days in any given lensed image, the disk size can be recovered to within a factor of 2. If four lensed images are used, our method is able to achieve an unbiased source measurement within an error on the order of 20%, which is comparable with other techniques.
Estimating crop model parameters for simulating soybean production in Iran conditions
Authors: Nehbandani Alireza , Soltani Afshin , Nourbakhsh Faranak , Dadrasi Amir
Published: November 2020

Crop modelling has the potential to contribute to food security. In this study, to provide a simple model for estimating the soybean potential yield and phenological stages in Iran, a simulation model (SSM_iCrop2) was parameterized and tested. This model estimates the soybean phenological stages and potential yield based on the weather data (minimum and maximum temperature, solar radiation and rainfall) using the phenological models such as leaf area development, mass production and partitioning and soil water balance. Regarding the model parametrization, the two maturities groups of 3 and 5 with the temperature unit of 2000 and 2400 growth degrees day (GDD) were chosen. The model evaluation results indicated that the soybean yield ranged between 1.9 and 4.8 with the average of 3.5 t.ha−1, while the range of simulated yield changes between 1.8 and 4.7 with the average of 3.7 t.ha−1. Comparing the observed yield to the simulated yield, values of r, CV and RMSE were obtained 0.84, 13%, 0.5 t.ha−1 which indicates the high accuracy of the model. All of these results indicated that the estimated model parameters are high accuracy for use in the simulation of soybean yield at the country level.
Le programmeZenétudes: pour diminuer le risque d’émergence de la dépression et de l’anxiété lors du passage à l’âge adulte
Authors: Marcotte Diane , Lapierre Simon , Lamarre Cynthia , Paré Marie-Laurence
Published: November 2020

Cet article présente le programme de prévention de l’anxiété et de la dépressionZenétudes : vivre sainement la transition au collège(Marcotte, Viel, Paré et Lamarre, 2016). L’article présente d’abord l’état actuel de la santé mentale des étudiants aux études postsecondaires, et soulève la pertinence de la mise en place d’interventions préventives auprès de cette population. Par la suite, le programmeZenétudes, dont la structure est multiniveaux, est décrit. Les volets visent à répondre aux différents besoins des individus, en lien avec les symptômes anxieux et dépressifs, et visent à faciliter leur transition vers les études postsecondaires. Le premier volet est un atelier de prévention universelle qui présente des stratégies plus générales qui peuvent bénéficier à l’ensemble des individus. Cet atelier permet également de dépister les individus à risque. Le second volet comporte deux ateliers, un sur l’anxiété, et un sur la dépression, et qui présentent des stratégies plus spécifiques sur ces deux problématiques. Finalement, le troisième volet comporte dix rencontres de groupes animés par des professionnels, et cible les individus présentant un niveau sous-clinique de symptômes. L’article se conclut en présentant les études d’efficacité menées sur l’implantation du programme à ce jour.
Dominique Interactif pour Adolescents-Révisé, dépression, comorbidité et suicidalité
Authors: Bergeron Lise , Zavaglia Elissa , Berthiaume Claude , Labelle Réal
Published: November 2020

Le Dominique Interactif pour Adolescents-Révisé (DIA-R) est un instrument multimédia et auto-administré par les adolescents. Le DIA-R a été conçu pour dépister la dépression, plusieurs autres problèmes intériorisés ou extériorisés, les traits de la personnalité limite et la suicidalité. Cet instrument permet aussi d’évaluer la comorbidité entre différents problèmes de santé mentale. Le DIA-R mesure des symptômes ou des critères définis selon la cinquième édition du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (DSM-5). Cet article porte sur le contenu, la fidélité, la validité et l’utilité du DIA-R dans une perspective de prévention. Les qualités psychométriques de l’instrument ont été vérifiées dans une étude réalisée auprès de 447 adolescents francophones et anglophones âgés de 12 à 15 ans recrutés dans des écoles et des établissements cliniques de Montréal (Québec, Canada). Les coefficients de fidélité (cohérence interne, fidélité par test-retest) étaient excellents ou modérés. L’analyse de la validité de critère a clairement démontrée la capacité du DIA-R à prédire la dépression, la suicidalité ou d’autres conditions psychopathologiques évaluées par des mesures utilisées comme critères externes de validation. L’identification de la dépression, de la suicidalité ou d’autres formes de psychopathologie, au début de l’adolescence, demeure un enjeu majeur pour les cliniciens et les chercheurs. Le DIA-R pourrait être utile à tous les niveaux du continuum des services en santé mentale des adolescents (écoles, Centres jeunesse, cliniques de psychiatrie), dans le but de proposer des interventions appropriées contribuant ainsi à prévenir l’aggravation des problèmes de santé mentale et ultimement le suicide complété.
Un accueil enfants-parents dans un Centre Médico-Psychologique pour enfants
Authors: Loeb-Desvignes Sandrine
Published: November 2020

Cet article relate l’expérience originale d’un Accueil Enfants-Parents dans un Centre Médico-Psychologique de la banlieue parisienne, accueil hebdomadaire, libre, ouvert à tous, proposé par plusieurs membres de l’équipe, qui répond à des questions d’actualité en termes de disponibilité et d’accueil et à l’intérêt de disposer d’une observation directe des enfants. Dans le contexte actuel difficile de la pédopsychiatrie publique, cet espace-temps est l’occasion de porter attention à l’accueil des familles, en facilitant l’accès au CMP et de créer des conditions inhabituelles de rencontre avec les parents ainsi qu’à leur permettre de retisser du lien social. Dans un souci de repérer les troubles chez les enfants, l’accueil enfants-parents participe à la mise en confiance des familles, à l’élaboration si nécessaire d’une demande de soin pour leur enfant et à l’éventuelle adhésion à la démarche soignante.
Preliminary assessment of two novel mechanical colonoscopic polypectomy simulators: Description, evaluation and validation
Authors: Frimberger Eckart , Klare Peter , Haller Bernhard , Elnegouly Mayada , Bajbouj Monther , Schmid Roland M. , von Delius Stefan , Abdelhafez Mohamed
Published: November 2020

Background and study aims Colonoscopic polypectomy is an essential endoscopic skill. The simulators available for training are limited and based on raw porcine colons. Animal intestines are inconvenient and offer limited advantages for polypectomy training. These limitations are avoided by two novel mechanical simulators — the magnetic system based simulator (MSPS) and the simulator for polypectomy with high frequency current (HFPS) — described here. They are equipped to demonstrate self-repair of polyps after making a cut and hybrid polyps. The aim of this study was to describe and establish face, content, and construct validity of the two simulators and to assess their perceived utility as training and assessment tools.

Methods Ten novice, seven intermediate, and 10 advanced endoscopists participated in this study. Each one performed two polypectomies in MSPS and then one polypectomy and polyp retrieval in HFPS. The median times were compared among the three groups to preliminarily assess construct validity as a primary outcome. To establish face validity, the novices and intermediates completed a questionnaire about the credibility of each simulator after finishing the tasks. For content validity, the experts completed a questionnaire grading different aspects of the simulators’ realism and their usefulness for training.

Results All 27 participants completed the modules. Median times needed to complete the tasks in both simulators differed significantly between the participants with different levels of experience (P < 0.05). Both MSPS and HFPS received favorable scores regarding face and content validity. No technical problems were encountered.

Conclusion This study provides preliminary validation for MSPS and HFPS as useful training tools in a preclinical setting as well as during colonoscopy training. Moreover, we demonstrated the construct validity of both simulators, which confirms their use as a skill assessment tool during a colonoscopy training program.
Polyarthrose der Hand
Authors: Biehl C. , Heinrich M. , Biehl L. , Heiß C. , Szalay G.
Published: November 2020

Die Polyarthrose der Hand und der Finger ist keine exklusive Erkrankung des fortgeschrittenen Lebensalters. Verletzungen und Unfälle führen zu sekundären Veränderungen an der Handwurzel und den Fingergelenken. Die Therapie umfasst konservative, interventionelle und operative Ansätze. Das primäre Ziel der konservativen Therapie ist der Erhalt der Beweglichkeit und der funktionellen Kapazität. Neben dem motorisch-funktionellen Training umfasst die Ergotherapie neben Gelenkschutz und Selbsthilfetraining die gezielte Unterstützung der individualisierten Therapie durch erforderliche Orthesen. Bei persistierenden Einschränkungen und Schmerzen, die durch konservative und interventionelle Maßnahmen nicht ausreichend therapierbar sind, kann eine operative Versorgung in Erwägung gezogen werden. Diese kann dann zu einer Verbesserung der Gesamtsituation der Hand beitragen, soweit alle anderen Therapieoptionen ausgeschöpft sind und der Leidensdruck des Patienten das Ausmaß des Eingriffes rechtfertigt.
Die Endoprothetik des Handgelenkes
Authors: Arnold Ingo
Published: November 2020

In der Vergangenheit wurde der endoprothetische Ersatz des Handgelenkes nahezu ausschließlich bei älteren, „low-demand“ Patienten und bestehender rheumatoider Arthritis durchgeführt. Ein jüngeres Lebensalter, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit einer posttraumatischen Arthrose gilt z. T. immer noch als Kontraindikation. Dieses Dogma hat sich inzwischen mit den guten mittelfristigen Erfahrungen im Umgang mit der 4. Prothesengeneration deutlich geändert. Für die derzeit verfügbaren Implantate werden Standzeiten von 86 % nach 10 Jahren (Motec) 1, 78 % über 15 Jahre (Universal 2) 2, oder 94 % für 8 Jahre (ReMotion) berichtet 3. Hierbei ließen sich auch für die vermeintlich schwierigere Klientel der Jüngeren ein zuverlässiger Erhalt eines für die täglichen Dinge ausreichenden Bewegungsumfanges, eine zuverlässige Schmerzbefreiung und ein Zugewinn für die Griffstärke darstellen. Alternativ garantiert auch die Arthrodese des Handgelenkes keineswegs immer eine hohe Patientenzufriedenheit und niedrige Komplikationsrate. Dennoch reichen die bisherigen Publikationen, insbesondere aufgrund ihrer geringen Fallstärke, weiterhin nicht aus, um den künstlichen Handgelenkersatz über die Anwendung in wenigen Spezialzentren hinaus generell empfehlen zu können. Weiterhin lässt sich nicht beantworten, warum diesbezüglich die OP-Frequenz im Widerspruch zu den deutlich verbesserten Ergebnissen eher wieder abzunehmen scheint 4.
Entfernung der PEG-Sonde bei „Buried-Bumper“-Syndrom
Authors: Stahlberg Urte , Bojarski Christian
Published: November 2020

Die Anlage einer „perkutanen endoskopischen Gastrostomie“ (PEG) gehört auch heute noch – neben der ERCP – zu denjenigen Interventionen in der Endoskopie mit der höchsten Komplikationsrate. Das „Buried-Bumper“-Syndrom (BBS; „begrabene Halteplatte“) als seltene aber schwere Komplikation mit einer Häufigkeit von 1–3 % bezeichnet ein Einwachsen der inneren Halteplatte einer PEG und ist in fast allen Fällen zurückzuführen auf einen Bedienungs- bzw. Pflegefehler. Eine unzureichende oder fehlende Mobilisierung der PEG kann über Wochen zu einem teilweisen oder vollständigen BBS führen. Ungünstige Begleiterkrankungen des Patienten können das Risiko eines BBS erhöhen. In aller Regel erfolgt die Vorstellung der Patienten sobald die Sonde nicht mehr bedient werden kann oder sich nicht mehr anspülen lässt. Während früher nicht selten ein chirurgischer Eingriff zur Entfernung der PEG notwendig war, kann heutzutage durch verschiedene endoskopische Techniken und Instrumente in den meisten Fällen eine Operation vermieden werden. Im folgenden Artikel werden diese Techniken vorgestellt und Tipps und Tricks für die endoskopische Mobilisierung der PEG bei BBS gegeben. Neue Anlagetechniken der PEG, wie beispielsweise die Gastropexie mit Einlage eines geblockten Gastrotubes oder die Hybrid-PEG als Kombination der Gastropexie mit der klassischen Fadendurchzugstechnik führen möglicherweise zu einem deutlich verminderten Auftreten eines BBS.
Vorsorgegastroskopie in Deutschland – erste Ergebnisse der Pilotphase der Prä-GIT-Studie
Authors: Ebigbo Alanna , Römmele Christoph , Meisinger Christa , Probst Andreas , Beyer Albert , Arnold Jochen , Beer Franz , Endlicher Esther , Schiffelholz Willibold , Linseisen Jakob , Messmann Helmut
Published: November 2020

Im Rahmen der Prä-GIT-Studie sollen Informationen zur Prävalenz und zum Verlauf von präkanzerösen und frühmalignen Läsionen im oberen Gastrointestinaltrakt (OGIT) gewonnen sowie Hochrisikogruppen identifiziert werden. Studienteilnehmer erhalten im Rahmen einer regulären Vorsorgekoloskopie nach vorangegangener Einverständniserklärung in derselben Sitzung eine standardisierte hochauflösende Gastroskopie. Für die Hauptphase der Studie ist geplant, 5000 Teilnehmer in 30 gastroenterologischen Praxen in Bayern einzuschließen. Zur Vorbereitung wurde diese Pilotstudie durchgeführt, um die Machbarkeit des Studienprotokolls, die Akzeptanz der Untersuchung sowie die Durchführung in der „Praxis“-Realität zu prüfen.

Methodik Drei gastroenterologische Praxen in Bayern nahmen an der dreimonatigen Pilotphase von 10/2018 bis 12/2018 teil. Nach entsprechender Aufklärung wurde Patienten, die sich zur Vorsorgekoloskopie in diesen Praxen vorstellten, zusätzlich eine diagnostische Gastroskopie angeboten. Die Gastroskopien erfolgten nach einer vorgegebenen Arbeitsanweisung (Standard Operating Procedure, SOP). Zusätzlich erfolgten eine Datenerhebung zu Ernährung und Lebensstil anhand eines Selbstausfüllfragebogens sowie die Sammlung von Bioproben.

Ergebnisse Innerhalb von 3 Monaten wurden 52 Probanden in drei Praxen in Bayern in die Studie eingeschlossen. Das durchschnittliche Alter lag bei 63,4 Jahren. Die durchschnittliche Untersuchungszeit lag bei 11 Minuten, Komplikationen traten keine auf. Ein Teilnehmer zeigte einen Polyp im Bereich des Recessus piriformis, 21 Teilnehmer zeigten eine Refluxösophagitis, vier Teilnehmer einen Barrett-Ösophagus, davon einer histologisch einen Barrett-Ösophagus mit LGIEN, ein Teilnehmer wies einen Ösophaguspolyp mit leichtgradiger Plattenepitheldysplasie auf, 12 Teilnehmer eine mit Helicobacter pylori assoziierte Gastritis. Eine korpusdominante Atrophie wurde in einem Fall und ein Duodenal-Adenom mit LGIEN in zwei Fällen beschrieben. 100 % bzw. 89 % der Teilnehmer stellten eine Blut- bzw. eine Stuhlprobe für weitere Untersuchungen zur Verfügung. Alle Teilnehmer füllten zudem den Patientenfragebogen aus.

Zusammenfassung Durch die Prä-GIT-Studie soll erstmals für Deutschland eine solide Datenbasis generiert werden, um die Häufigkeiten verschiedener prämaligner und frühkanzeröser Veränderungen im oberen Gastrointestinaltrakt valide schätzen zu können. Die jetzige Pilotphase liefert wichtige Erkenntnisse zur Machbarkeit sowie zur Verbesserung der Prozesse im Rahmen der Hauptphase der Studie. Erfreulicherweise zeigte sich eine sehr große Akzeptanz der Teilnahme an der Studie.
Inter- and Intramolecular Cycloaddition Reactions of Ethenetricarboxylates with Styrenes and Halostyrenes
Authors: Yamazaki Shoko , Wang Zhichao , Iwata Kentaro , Katayama Khotaro , Sugiura Hirotaka , Mikata Yuji , Morimoto Tsumoru , Ogawa Akiya
Published: November 2020

Inter- and intramolecular cycloaddition reactions of ethenetricarboxylates with styrenes and α-halostyrenes have been investigated. The reactions of ethenetricarboxylates with styrenes or α-bromostyrenes in the presence of SnCl4 or SnBr4 stereoselectively gave 2,4-cis-substituted cyclobutanes. The intramolecular cycloaddition reactions of a series of styrene-functionalized ethenetricarboxylate amides, including in situ generated derivatives, showed high diversity of reaction modes depending on the structures and substituents of the substrates. The regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of the reactions as well as reaction mechanisms were discussed based on the DFT calculations.
DBU-Promoted Formal [4+2] Annulation Reactions of o-Chloromethyl Anilines with Azlactones
Authors: Xu Jianfeng , Ji Haojie , He Chonglong , Gao Hongjie , Fu Weijun
Published: November 2020

An efficient 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)-mediated formal [4+2] annulation reaction of aza-ortho-quinone methides (aza-oQMs) (generated from o-chloromethyl anilines) with enolates (formed from azlactones) is disclosed, delivering biologically significant 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives in moderate to good yields. The salient features of this reaction include readily accessible starting materials, broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, removable protecting groups, and a scalable synthetic approach.
Magnetostatic determination of variations of internal stress in magnetic steels
Authors: García Alonso M. S. , Giacomone F. , Pérez A. , Kaiser I. , Fernández J. F. , Hernando A. , Vinolas J. , García M. A.
Published: November 2020

This paper explores the possibility to measure changes in internal stress in ferromagnetic steels using magnetostatic methods. The device consists of a permanent magnet placed close to the steel piece and a magnetic probe between both elements. The magnetostatic field measured by using the probe is partially due to the magnetization of the steel piece. Internal stress variations in the steel alter its magnetic permeability due to the magnetoelastic effect, varying the magnetostatic field measured by using the probe. For the device we present here, the relative variation of the measured magnetic field is of the order of 1.7 × 10−5/MPa of internal stress.
An extremely anisotropic phononic crystal with open elliptical dispersion for energy convergence and beam squeezing
Authors: Ju Fangfang , Xiong Wei , Liu Chen , Cheng Ying , Deng Mingxi , Liu Xiaojun
Published: November 2020

An extremely anisotropic phononic crystal with open elliptical dispersion is proposed for energy convergence and beam squeezing. The proposed crystal consists of multiple arrays of Helmholtz resonator pairs, where the Bragg scattering contributes to the negative slope and the resonance of Helmholtz resonators contributes to the extreme anisotropy with open elliptical dispersion from 4.8 kHz to 5.15 kHz. The crystal shows the negative refraction with a reduced range of refraction angles for the incident beams, giving rise to efficient energy convergence in the far-fields of the outgoing interface for acoustic waves emitted from a point source and the beam squeezing effect for divergent sound waves irradiating from a line source. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. Our design may provide a potential possibility for sound manipulation, which may find usage in angular filtering and acoustic imaging.
An in situ method using a Y-type optical fiber for measuring the thickness of the carbon contamination layer on the surface of an extreme ultraviolet mirror
Authors: Ichimaru Satoshi , Hatayama Masatoshi
Published: November 2020

A new method for in situ measurement of the thickness of the carbon contamination layer on the surface of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mirror is proposed. This measurement is important in order to determine the most effective timing with which the mirror should be cleaned. The method we propose uses a Y-type optical fiber to measure the reflectivity profile over the wavelength range from 200 nm to 800 nm from the surface of the mirror; the reflectivity profile is normalized by the reflectivity at 800 nm wavelength. This is because the change in reflectivity is more sensitive to the carbon layer thickness in the short wavelength region rather than in the long wavelength region. The method was demonstrated using carbon/ruthenium bilayer samples deposited on commercial Si wafers. The results show that the proposed method can successfully estimate the thickness of the carbon layer and thus has the potential to measure the thickness of a thin carbon layer on an EUV mirror.
All-atom adaptively biased path optimization of Src kinase conformational inactivation: Switched electrostatic network in the concerted motion of αC helix and the activation loop
Authors: Wu Heng , Huang He , Post Carol Beth
Published: November 2020

A method to optimize a conformational pathway through a space of well-chosen reduced variables is employed to advance our understanding of protein conformational equilibrium. The adaptively biased path optimization strategy utilizes unrestricted, enhanced sampling in the region of a path in the reduced-variable space to identify a broad path between two stable end-states. Application to the inactivation transition of the Src tyrosine kinase catalytic domain reveals new insight into this well studied conformational equilibrium. The mechanistic description gained from identifying the motions and structural features along the path includes details of the switched electrostatic network found to underpin the transition. The free energy barrier along the path results from rotation of a helix, αC, that is tightly correlated with motions in the activation loop (A-loop) as well as distal regions in the C-lobe. Path profiles of the reduced variables clearly demonstrate the strongly correlated motions. The exchange of electrostatic interactions among residues in the network is key to these interdependent motions. In addition, the increased resolution from an all-atom model in defining the path shows multiple components for the A-loop motion and that different parts of the A-loop contribute throughout the length of the path.
Destabilization and nonlinear interaction of tearing modes in tokamak plasmas with locally reversed shear
Authors: Feng Y. C. , Wang X. Q. , Xu Y. , Liu H. F. , Huang J. , Zhang X. , Liu H. , Cheng J. , Tang C. J.
Published: November 2020

Linear destabilization and nonlinear dynamics of m/n = 2 tearing modes in tokamak plasmas with locally reversed shear have been investigated in a reduced magnetohydrodynamic model. It is found that a transformation from the single tearing mode structure to the global double tearing mode structure takes place depending on the local shear parameter. The resistivity scaling law of the mode growth rate also changes from ∼SHp−3/5 to ∼ SHp−1/3 with qmin decreasing, where SHp is the magnetic Reynolds number, and qmin is the local minimum q value at position outsider q = 2 surfaces. Nonlinear simulation shows that once qmin < 2, the fast growing islands on the outer rational surfaces interact each other and trigger a plasmoid instability, which can couple with the inner tearing mode and generate a turbulent structure finally. This might provide an implication for understanding of relative nonlinear physics in ITER or astrophysical plasmas.
A forced Korteweg–de Vries model for nonlinear mixing of oscillations in a dusty plasma
Authors: Mir Ajaz A. , Tiwari Sanat K. , Goree John , Sen Abhijit , Crabtree Chris , Ganguli Gurudas
Published: November 2020

Nonlinear mixing of oscillations in a dusty plasma due to the harmonic time varying modulation of a nonlinear compressional oscillation is analyzed using a simple mathematical model consisting of a forced Korteweg–de Vries equation. An exact analytical solution of this equation is found to exhibit nonlinear mixing in the system. The model solution can be usefully employed to predict the existence of nonlinear mixing of oscillations in a two-dimensional dusty plasma system of a particular experimental configuration.
Unraveling the electronic structure, mechanical, and dielectric properties of ZnPurBr-MOF: Ab initio calculations
Authors: Li Neng , Blankson Kwaw , Yang Yufei , Zhang Peng , Zhao Xiujian
Published: November 2020

A novel nanocrystalline metal–organic framework (MOF), ZnPurBr, was recently discovered to undergo an unusual thermal solid–solid phase transition, resulting in a stable high-temperature phase structure, ZnPurBr-HT. In order to fully elucidate this fascinating phase transition, the structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of the ZnPurBr high and low temperature phases are thoroughly investigated through first-principles calculations. This study confirms the retention of the metal tetrahedral bonding and the integrity of the framework during phase transition. Calculations on the electronic and optical properties show that ZnPurBr is a semiconductor and has low refractive indexes at both phases; however, increases in the dielectric constants and the plasmon frequency upon going through the phase transition can be clearly captured. Tensorial analysis of the elastic constants for both phases shows that the high temperature phase is stiffer than its low temperature counterpart, but less anisotropic. Importantly, the techniques used for the modeling and physical properties calculations can be easily be applied to other MOFs, which can certainly reveal many of the interesting features hitherto undiscovered.