bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MARINATION TIME AND CONCENTRATION OF GALANGAL (Languatis galanga) IN MAINTAIN THE QUALITY OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMISTRY CHICKEN MEAT
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pertanian, Halimah Nur , Maharani Nadia ,   Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi, Pristiwaningsih Estin Roso ,   Politeknik Negeri Jember
Published: August 2024

Chicken meat is a food that is easily damaged, so preservation was required to maintain the quality of the meat both physically, chemically, and microbiologically. One way is to use galangal, which contains phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoid compounds, which reduce microbial activity and inhibit the chemical activity of meat. The research aimed to determine the effect of curing time and galangal concentration on chicken meat's physical and chemical quality. The research method used a 2-factor Completely Randomized Design. The results showed no interaction (p>0.01) between curing time and galangal concentration. The length of curing from 0-4 days has a significantly different effect (p<0.01) on chicken meat's physical and chemical quality. The longer the meat is curing, the quality decreases. Galangal, 10-20% concentration, did not affect chicken meat quality (p>0.01). It means that galangal can maintain the physical and chemical quality of chicken meat.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI ASAM SITRAT TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA, KECERAHAN, DAN ORGANOLEPTIK MANISAN KERING BUAH NANAS
Authors:   Universitas Diponegoro, Putri Naluri Amella , Nurwantoro Nurwantoro ,   Universitas Diponegoro, Susanti Siti ,   Universitas Diponegoro
Published: August 2024

Manisan kering buah nanas (MKBN) merupakan salah satu produk olahan nanas yang berdaya simpan lama. Tahap pengeringan dalam proses produksinya menimbulkan reaksi pencoklatan yang berdampak pada karakteristik produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi asam sitrat (AS) terhadap kadar air, nilai pH, kecerahan, serta organoleptik MKBN. AS dengan 4 variasi konsentrasi 0; 0,3; 0,6; dan 0,9% (b/b) ditambahkan pada proses pembuatan MKBN (n=5). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AS yang ditambahkan pada konsentrasi tertentu secara signifikan mempengaruhi kadar air, pH, kecerahan, dan sifat organoleptik MKBN. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi AS yang ditambahkan pada pembuatan MKBN semakin meningkatkan kadar air, kecerahan, warna kuning, aroma, dan kesukaan, namun menurunkan pH produk (p<0.05). Konsentrasi optimum AS untuk menghasilkan MKBN berkualitas dengan warna kuning cerah dan disukai dicapai pada 0.6%. AS berpotensi sebagai bahan pencerah untuk produksi MKBN berkualitas.
Asset-Based Community Development: Program Inovasi Kampung Bantar
Authors: Bela Hafizoh , Annshori Muhammad , Marshalita Mikyal
Published: August 2024

Inovasi program kampung Bantar telah diimplementasikan sejak tahun 2015. Hingga tahun 2021 jumlah kampung Bantar telah mencapai 710 di kota Jambi. Tujuan program untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan melalui pembangunan mandiri di tengah minimnya APBD, pemerintah memotivasi masyarakat dengan mengadakan perlombaan untuk mewujudkan pembangunan mandiri dalam menghadapi permasalahan kesenjangan ekonomi dan sosial. Program ini membawa banyak kebermanfaatan akan tetapi, faktanya hanya sedikit kampung Bantar yang berkelanjutan dari 710 kampung Bantar yang tersebar di kota Jambi. Anomali fenomena ini tidak berlaku di RT 19 Kelurahan Paal Merah, Kecamatan, Paal Merah Kota Jambi. Program kampung Bantar di RT19 tetap berkelanjutan. Oleh sebab itu, artikel ini akan terfokus membahas mengenai faktor-faktor keberlanjutan program inovasi kampung Bantar RT 19 Kampung Bersinar melalui pendekatan Asset-based Community Development (ABCD). Desain penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasilnya, faktor internal yakni peran fasilitator menjadi kekuatan utama dalam memobilisasi masyarakat, menemukan aset atau potensi masyarakat melalui tahapan discovery, define, dream, design, dan destiny sejalan dengan terbentuknya modal manusia, sosial, budaya, politik dan finansial. Dalam pendekatan ABCD, faktor eksternal tidak boleh diabaikan untuk menjelaskan fenomena tersebut. Sehingga baik faktor internal dan eksternal sangat penting dalam mewujudkan inovasi program kampung Bantar yang berkelanjutan.
Evaluation of Generative Language Models in Personalizing Medical Information: Instrument Validation Study
Authors: Spina Aidin , Andalib Saman , Flores Daniel , Vermani Rishi , Halaseh Faris F , Nelson Ariana M
Published: August 2024

Background

Although uncertainties exist regarding implementation, artificial intelligence–driven generative language models (GLMs) have enormous potential in medicine. Deployment of GLMs could improve patient comprehension of clinical texts and improve low health literacy.

Objective

The goal of this study is to evaluate the potential of ChatGPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to tailor the complexity of medical information to patient-specific input education level, which is crucial if it is to serve as a tool in addressing low health literacy.

Methods

Input templates related to 2 prevalent chronic diseases—type II diabetes and hypertension—were designed. Each clinical vignette was adjusted for hypothetical patient education levels to evaluate output personalization. To assess the success of a GLM (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) in tailoring output writing, the readability of pre- and posttransformation outputs were quantified using the Flesch reading ease score (FKRE) and the Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL).

Results

Responses (n=80) were generated using GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 across 2 clinical vignettes. For GPT-3.5, FKRE means were 57.75 (SD 4.75), 51.28 (SD 5.14), 32.28 (SD 4.52), and 28.31 (SD 5.22) for 6th grade, 8th grade, high school, and bachelor’s, respectively; FKGL mean scores were 9.08 (SD 0.90), 10.27 (SD 1.06), 13.4 (SD 0.80), and 13.74 (SD 1.18). GPT-3.5 only aligned with the prespecified education levels at the bachelor’s degree. Conversely, GPT-4’s FKRE mean scores were 74.54 (SD 2.6), 71.25 (SD 4.96), 47.61 (SD 6.13), and 13.71 (SD 5.77), with FKGL mean scores of 6.3 (SD 0.73), 6.7 (SD 1.11), 11.09 (SD 1.26), and 17.03 (SD 1.11) for the same respective education levels. GPT-4 met the target readability for all groups except the 6th-grade FKRE average. Both GLMs produced outputs with statistically significant differences (P<.001; 8th grade P<.001; high school P<.001; bachelors P=.003; FKGL: 6th grade P=.001; 8th grade P<.001; high school P<.001; bachelors P<.001) between mean FKRE and FKGL across input education levels.

Conclusions

GLMs can change the structure and readability of medical text outputs according to input-specified education. However, GLMs categorize input education designation into 3 broad tiers of output readability: easy (6th and 8th grade), medium (high school), and difficult (bachelor’s degree). This is the first result to suggest that there are broader boundaries in the success of GLMs in output text simplification. Future research must establish how GLMs can reliably personalize medical texts to prespecified education levels to enable a broader impact on health care literacy.
Structural Influences on Methamphetamine Use Among Black Sexual Minority Men (HISTORY Study): Protocol for a Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Opara Samuel C O , Linton Sabriya L , Weir Brian W , Crawford Natalie D , Holland David P , Newman Jr Antonio , Bullock McKinsey , Reed Marcus O , Dutta Srija , Doraivelu Kamini , Stephens Charles , Smith Justin C , Mui Yeeli , Hussen Sophia A
Published: August 2024

Background

Sexual minority men are disproportionately affected by methamphetamine use, with recent studies suggesting an increase in use specifically among Black sexual minority men. Black sexual minority men face unique structural barriers to achieving optimal health. Given its harmful effects, and in light of existing health disparities, an increase in methamphetamine use among Black sexual minority men poses a significant public health concern.

Objective

The Health Impacts and Struggles to Overcome the Racial Discrimination of Yesterday (HISTORY) study is investigating the potential impacts of exposure to the census tract–level structural racism and discrimination (SRD) on methamphetamine use among Black sexual minority men in Atlanta, Georgia, and will identify intervention targets to improve prevention and treatment of methamphetamine use in this population.

Methods

This study uses a mixed methods and multilevel design over a 5-year period and incorporates participatory approaches. Individual-level quantitative data will be collected from a community-based cohort of Black sexual minority men (N=300) via periodic assessment surveys, ecological momentary assessments, and medical record abstractions. Census tract–level measures of SRD will be constructed using publicly available administrative data. Qualitative data collection will include longitudinal, repeated in-depth interviews with a subset (n=40) of study participants. Finally, using a participatory group model–building process, we will build on our qualitative and quantitative data to generate causal maps of SRD and methamphetamine use among Black sexual minority men, which in turn will be translated into actionable recommendations for structural intervention.

Results

Enrollment in the HISTORY study commenced in March 2023 and is anticipated to be completed by November 2024.

Conclusions

The HISTORY study will serve as a crucial background upon which future structural interventions can be built, to mitigate the effects of methamphetamine use and SRD among Black sexual minority men.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/63761
Evaluation of Generative Language Models in Personalizing Medical Information: Instrument Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Spina Aidin , Andalib Saman , Flores Daniel , Vermani Rishi , Halaseh Faris F , Nelson Ariana M
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Although uncertainties exist regarding implementation, artificial intelligence–driven generative language models (GLMs) have enormous potential in medicine. Deployment of GLMs could improve patient comprehension of clinical texts and improve low health literacy.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study is to evaluate the potential of ChatGPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to tailor the complexity of medical information to patient-specific input education level, which is crucial if it is to serve as a tool in addressing low health literacy.

METHODS

Input templates related to 2 prevalent chronic diseases—type II diabetes and hypertension—were designed. Each clinical vignette was adjusted for hypothetical patient education levels to evaluate output personalization. To assess the success of a GLM (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) in tailoring output writing, the readability of pre- and posttransformation outputs were quantified using the Flesch reading ease score (FKRE) and the Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL).

RESULTS

Responses (n=80) were generated using GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 across 2 clinical vignettes. For GPT-3.5, FKRE means were 57.75 (SD 4.75), 51.28 (SD 5.14), 32.28 (SD 4.52), and 28.31 (SD 5.22) for 6th grade, 8th grade, high school, and bachelor’s, respectively; FKGL mean scores were 9.08 (SD 0.90), 10.27 (SD 1.06), 13.4 (SD 0.80), and 13.74 (SD 1.18). GPT-3.5 only aligned with the prespecified education levels at the bachelor’s degree. Conversely, GPT-4’s FKRE mean scores were 74.54 (SD 2.6), 71.25 (SD 4.96), 47.61 (SD 6.13), and 13.71 (SD 5.77), with FKGL mean scores of 6.3 (SD 0.73), 6.7 (SD 1.11), 11.09 (SD 1.26), and 17.03 (SD 1.11) for the same respective education levels. GPT-4 met the target readability for all groups except the 6th-grade FKRE average. Both GLMs produced outputs with statistically significant differences (P<.001; 8th grade P<.001; high school P<.001; bachelors P=.003; FKGL: 6th grade P=.001; 8th grade P<.001; high school P<.001; bachelors P<.001) between mean FKRE and FKGL across input education levels.

CONCLUSIONS

GLMs can change the structure and readability of medical text outputs according to input-specified education. However, GLMs categorize input education designation into 3 broad tiers of output readability: easy (6th and 8th grade), medium (high school), and difficult (bachelor’s degree). This is the first result to suggest that there are broader boundaries in the success of GLMs in output text simplification. Future research must establish how GLMs can reliably personalize medical texts to prespecified education levels to enable a broader impact on health care literacy.

CLINICALTRIAL
Informatics Interventions for Maternal Morbidity: A Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Inderstrodt Jill , Stumpff Julia C. , Smollen Rebecca C. , Sridhar Shreya , El-Azab Sarah A. , Ojo Opeyemi , Bowns Brendan , Haggstrom David A.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Individuals of childbearing age enter pregnancy less healthy than previous generations, placing them at increased risk for pregnancy complications. One approach to ensuring effective monitoring and treatment of at-risk pregnant/birthing people is designing technology-based interventions that prevent maternal morbidities and treat perinatal conditions.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review evaluates what informatics interventions have been designed and tested to prevent and treat maternal morbidity.

METHODS

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant studies. Inclusion criteria were: (a) tested a medical or clinical informatics intervention; (b) enrolled pregnant/birthing people; and (c) addressed preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm birth, CDC-defined severe maternal morbidity, or perinatal mental health conditions. Demographic, population, and intervention data were extracted to characterize the technologies, conditions, and populations addressed.

RESULTS

80 studies were identified that met inclusion criteria. Of these, 73% tested technologies for either GDM or perinatal mental health conditions, and 15% tested technologies for preeclampsia. For technology, 32% of the technologies tested were smartphone or tablet application, 26% were telehealth interventions, and 15% were remote monitoring technologies. Most (79%) studies assessed patient physical or mental health outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Per this scoping review, most informatics interventions address three conditions: GDM, preeclampsia, and mental health. There may be opportunities to treat other potentially lethal conditions like postpartum hemorrhage using proven technologies such as mobile applications. Ample gaps in the literature exist concerning the use of informatics technologies aimed at maternal morbidity. There may therefore be opportunities to use informatics for lesser-targeted conditions and populations.

CLINICALTRIAL
Effect of ‘KUAT’ an information motivation behavioural theory-based website on mental health literacy among young people: Randomized controlled trial (Preprint)
Authors: Zulkiply Siti Hafizah , Ab Manaf Rosliza , Dahlan Rahima , Dapari Rahmat
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Mental illness among Malaysian youth, particularly depression and anxiety disorders are reaching an alarming point. Unfortunately, the rate of professional help-seeking among young people is low. This is mainly attributed to both low mental health literacy and high stigma. Documented interventional studies focusing on mental health literacy are concentrated among school students in high-income countries, using face-to-face methods.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop and evaluate the effect of ‘KUAT’, an information motivation and behavioural (IMB) theory-based website on mental health literacy among young people in Malaysia. The word ‘KUAT’ in the Malaysian language translates as ‘strong’ in English.

METHODS

A fully online randomized controlled trial was conducted among foundation students in one of the public universities in Malaysia. The intervention was developed according to the IMB theory and was delivered via a website. The intervention was conducted for two weeks. The main outcome of this study was mental health literacy, measured by depression and anxiety literacy, stigma, and help-seeking attitudes. The measurement was done using an online ‘Google form’ at baseline, 2 weeks post-intervention and 1-month follow-up. The outcome was analyzed using a Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE).

RESULTS

A total of 94 participants were recruited and randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group. There is a 15% and 11% attrition rate for the intervention and control groups, respectively at 1-month follow-up. There was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups for depression and anxiety literacy at post-intervention (p-value <0.001) and follow-up (p-value=0.004), after controlling for covariates. However, there was no significant difference in stigma and help-seeking attitudes between the intervention and control groups.

CONCLUSIONS

This study showed that ‘KUAT’, the IMB-based website intervention is effective in increasing depression and anxiety literacy, but not stigma and help-seeking attitudes among young people.

CLINICALTRIAL

This study was registered at the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20210705006)
The Implementation of Family Centered Care in Hypertensive Patients at Private Clinic
Authors: Say Yosefina Dwikurnia Gufra Putri , Arya Insi Farisa Desy , Amelia Indah
Published: August 2024

Hypertension is a condition when a person has systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg when measured at a clinic or health facility. Hypertension can be a risk factor of important organs damage such as the brain, heart, kidneys, retina, large blood vessels (aorta) and peripheral blood vessels. To prevent the complications, hypertensive patients must control their blood pressure. One approach to achieving controlled blood pressure is involving the family in hypertension management, which is called Family Centered Care. This approach has been implemented at Mitra Sehati Clinic, a private clinic located in Bandung Regency, West Java. This study aims to determine the implementation of hypertension management using the Family Centered Care approach at Mitra Sehati Clinic. This research is a qualitative research using a single case study method. The data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation and then analyzed using interpretive analysis methods in which emerging themes were interpreted based on the theory of Family Centered Care and hypertension so they became the basis for describing certain conclusions. The results obtained show that all elements of Family Centered Care in the management of hypertension have been carried out by health workers at the Mitra Sehati Clinic which are also included in several programs. In addition, a positive impact was found on patients, their families and health workers. However, in its implementation, obstacles were found, it was limited time. The solution was to use online consultations via the doctor's or nurse's personal cellphone number. Implementation of Family Centered Care in the management of hypertension has a good impact on patients, their families and health workers.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Shared Decision-Making in Enhancing Medication Adherence among Chronic Disease Patients in Primary Healthcare - A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Salakay Elisa Nugraha Haryadi , Hau Mahu Grace Fitriana Primasari , Rahayu Agnes Supraptiwi
Published: August 2024

Objective. This study investigated the effect of shared decision-making (SDM) approaches on medication adherence among individuals with chronic diseases receiving primary healthcare from studies conducted between 2012 and 2023. Method. A literature review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and EBSCO databases, resulting in 220 articles. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included; the two studies that matched the inclusion criteria were examined. Results. Two RCTs in primary healthcare settings examined SDM interventions. The study on hypertension patients found no significant effect of SDM training on medication adherence, while the study on depression patients using a decision aid also found no significant impact on medication adherence. Discussion & Conclusion. SDM interventions did not significantly improve medication adherence in chronic diseases such as hypertension and depression. Factors identified include short training duration, the complexity of Adherence, and a need for consistent evidence. The conclusion suggests that SDM may not significantly affect chronic disease patients receiving primary healthcare medication adherence. However, given the limited number of eligible studies, more research is needed in diverse settings and populations.
Primary Care-Led Health System in Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha Ryan Rachmad , Claramita Mora , Josef Hari Kusnanto
Published: August 2024

It is a general consensus that investing more in primary care will lead to better health outcomes overall, and therefore, primary care should be the focus of development for health services. A body of evidence that intervention in primary care is cost-effective and reduces health system burden and disparities (1–7). Making primary care the focus of health development is crucial for the sustainability of the health system, particularly amidst the changing demographic landscape and disease burden. Designing health service or needs to start at primary care at its heart. This is concurrent with WHO 2008 report on Primary Care (8): “… focus of reform that reorganizes health services as primary care, i.e., around people’s needs and expectations so as to make them more socially relevant and more responsive to chancing world while produced better outcomes –  service delivery reforms.”
A STUDY ON FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF ANTERIOR VERSUS POSTERIOR CIRCULATION STROKE TREATED WITH INTRAVENOUS THROMBOLYSIS
Authors: SANJAYKUMAR KAMINWAR  , TEJASWI G  , THIMMINENI HARITHA  , YENNAM NARESH  , SHANMUGARAJU P
Published: August 2024

Objective: In this study, the objective was to evaluate the functional outcome of intravenous thrombolysis in anterior versus posterior circulation stroke (PCS) patients.
Methods: A total of 41 patients were enrolled during the study. This study was conducted at the Department of Neurology, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar. The modified Rankin Scale score was used assessed outcome and at the 3-month follow-up in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage stroke.
Results: In this study, 73% in anterior circulation stroke (ACS) and 81% in PCS. Mean NIHSS score is 10.7 in ACS and 8.6 in PCS with a significant difference (p<0.008) between two groups.
Conclusion: Our study shows that patients with PCS had significantly lower baseline NIHSS scores (8.6%) as compared with those with ACS (10.7%) in the present study which is statistically significant. NIHSS score at 24 h is 5.8% for ACS and 3.8% for PCS.
COMPARISON OF CHROMAGAR WITH CORN MEAL AGAR FOR THE SPECIATION OF CANDIDA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES
Authors: JASLEEN KAUR  , PRIYA BHAT  , UPASANA BHUMBLA
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to isolate and speciate Candida from various clinical samples and compare the colony characteristics of isolated Candida species on CHROMagar with the corn meal agar (CMA).
Methods: In our prospective study conducted for the duration of 6 months from February 2023 to July 2023, 81 Candida isolates were obtained from various clinical specimens such as high vaginal swab, blood, pus, skin scrapings, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and endotracheal secretions which were subjected to KOH mount and then subcultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24–48 h. From the growth on SDA, further inoculation was done on CHROMagar and CMA, followed by additional identification and susceptibility through Vitek-2, and three were compared in terms of their sensitivity and specificity for isolation of various Candida species.
Results: Maximum Candida isolates were obtained from blood (18), followed by high vaginal swabs (17), pus (12), and nail clippings (10), whereas a single isolate was recovered from a patient with otorrhea. The most common risk factor was found to be prolonged antibiotic therapy. NAC was isolated at a higher rate 42 (52%) than Candida albicans 39 (48%). Among non-albicans Candida (NAC), Candida tropicalis was the most common species isolated 21 (50%), followed by Candida parapsilosis 11 (26%), Candida glabrata 5 (12%), Candida krusei 2 (4.7%), and C. tropicalis, which was predominant species isolated in blood 13/18 (73%) followed by pus 9/12 (75%). C. albicans predominated in HVS 13/17 (76%), sputum sample 4/6 (67%), BAL 6/9 (66%), and ET secretions 2/3 (67%). Candida ciferrii was the only species isolated from ear discharge.
Conclusion: CHROMagar showed more sensitivity in detection of C. albicans (100%) in comparison to CMA and Vitek-2 (97.4%) and decreased specificity (97.6%) as compared to CMA and Vitek-2 (100%) whereas for speciation of NAC particularly C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata CMA alone and also in combination with Vitek-2 exhibited much better sensitivity and specificity as compared to CHROMagar. NAC showed higher level of resistance to the azoles group of drugs and were overall less sensitive to other antifungal as compared to C. albicans. Hence, the amalgamation of cost-effective CMA with CHROMagar is an utmost need of an hour to give accurate yeast identification within the same time span.
SEROMA FORMATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH MECHANICAL DEAD SPACE OBLITERATION FOLLOWING MODIFIED RADICAL MASTECTOMY
Authors: RENJIN RP  , JOMINE JOSE  , ANISH AV
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Modified radical mastectomy (MRM), a common approach in breast cancer treatment, often leads to seroma formation, posing challenges to patient recovery. This retrospective study investigates the relationship between flap fixation and seroma formation, focusing on the obliteration of mechanical dead space. Our findings contribute valuable insights into minimizing postoperative morbidity and optimizing patient care.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 120 females undergoing MRM, with 60 patients undergoing conventional procedures and 60 with flap fixation. Patient characteristics, operation duration, drainage amount, removal time, flap necrosis, and infection rates were recorded and compared using t-tests.
Results: Flap fixation demonstrated a significant reduction in drained serous fluid and duration of drain removal compared to the control group (p<0.001). Infection rates were comparable between the study (25%) and control (18%) groups (p=0.22). The study group showed a mean duration of drain removal of 11.18 days, significantly shorter than the control group’s 14.22 days (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Flap fixation emerges as a promising technique in reducing seroma formation and addressing mechanical dead space after MRM. This study advocates for the adoption of flap fixation in routine surgical practice, offering surgeons an effective strategy to enhance postoperative recovery and minimize patient morbidity.
APPLICATION OF SCROTAL ULTRASOUND IMAGING IN CLINICOPATHOLOGICALLY SUSPECTED CASES OF MALE INFERTILITY – A PROSPECTIVE STUDY IN A PERIPHERAL MEDICAL COLLEGE IN WEST BENGAL
Authors: PRASUN DAS
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify various scrotal and extra-scrotal factors with the use of scrotal ultrasound causing male infertility and their correlation with clinical and radiological findings.
Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was done on 100 male patients having suspected infertility referred to radiology department with clinical notes and pathological findings. All the patients underwent only scrotal ultrasonography with high frequency transducer having a frequency of 7.5 MHz and color Doppler wherever indicated.
Results: In this study, most commonly detected etiology by clinical suspicion and ultrasound was varicocele. Ultrasound detected more etiologies compared to physical examination. Most commonly detected pathology both by clinical and scrotal ultrasound evaluation was varicocele. p-value was 0.0001 showing extreme statistical significance.
Conclusion: Scrotal ultrasonography is important non-invasive diagnostic tools that minimize the need for more invasive studies in the evaluation of male infertility.
A CLINICAL STUDY ON ETIOLOGY OF HEMOPTYSIS AND DIAGNOSTIC YIELD OF HIGHRESOLUTION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY THORAX AND FIBEROPTIC BRONCHOSCOPY IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH HEMOPTYSIS
Authors: AHAMED TANBIR , BASUTHAKUR SUMITRA , BISWAS LINKON
Published: August 2024

Objective: About 20–30% of patients with hemoptysis may show normal or non-localizing chest X-ray. Whether the clinician should choose computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax or fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) as the first diagnostic option in evaluating patients with hemoptysis and those who are with a normal chest radiograph (CXR) is still debatable. In this study, we have tried to explore the causes of hemoptysis and compare the diagnostic yield of FOB and high-resolution CT (HRCT) thorax in the evaluation of hemoptysis.
Methods: It was a single institutional prospective study among patients presented with hemoptysis. After stabilization and control of hemoptysis, all patients underwent CT thorax. In cases where the cause of hemoptysis could not be diagnosed by CT scan was diagnosed by FOB.
Results: The mean age of the overall study population was 39.83±12.6 years. Male: female ratio was 1.7:1. In this study, the etiology of hemoptysis was diagnosed by HRCT in 18 (25%) cases and by FOB in 32 (44.4%) cases. In 16 cases, diagnosis was not possible by CT and FOB. Bronchiectasis was the most common (22.2%) pathology diagnosed followed by pulmonary tuberculosis (20.8%). Bronchogenic carcinoma constituted 12.5% of cases, and 22.2% cases of hemoptysis were idiopathic.
Conclusion: Both CT and FOB play a definite role in diagnosing the etiology of hemoptysis and they are complementary to each other in the diagnosis of hemoptysis.
TO EVALUATE THE FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH FLOATING KNEE WHO UNDERWENT MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Authors: AGARWAL SAUMYA , SINGH HARPREET , ANAMENDRA SHARMA  , KALIKA GUPTA
Published: August 2024

Objective: The incidence of floating knee injuries has traditionally been underestimated. However, with the increased use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy, their frequency has risen. There is a crucial need to classify this complex injury pattern by also considering associated soft-tissue injuries. Soft-tissue injuries might be missed during clinical examination due to tenderness and swelling but can be detected through immediate MRI scans. This study aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes of patients with floating knee injuries who underwent MRI for soft tissue injuries.
Methods: This study was conducted at a tertiary care center from February 2021 to January 2024. The study involved 100 patients with floating knee injuries who underwent MRI assessments for soft-tissue injuries. Follow-ups were scheduled at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year, with a maximum follow-up duration of 2½ years. The outcomes of floating knee injuries were assessed using the Karlstrom Olerud criteria.
Results: Among 100 patients with floating knee injuries who underwent MRI, 72 had meniscus or ligament injuries, and nine had patellar fractures with extensor mechanism rupture. According to the Karlstrom Olerud criteria, seven patients had excellent outcomes, 46 had good outcomes, 33 had fair outcomes, and six had poor outcomes. Eight patients were lost to follow-up.
Conclusion: Our aim is to ensure timely and accurate treatment by thoroughly addressing all associated injuries, including often-overlooked ligament damage around the knee. To improve clinical outcomes, we recommend a multidisciplinary approach involving various specialists in the care of these patients.
OUTCOME AND TOXICITY OF EXTENDED-FIELD INTENSITY MODULATED RADIOTHERAPY (EF-IMRT) IN LOCALLY ADVANCED CARCINOMA OF CERVIX – EXPERIENCE FROM TERTIARY CANCER CENTER
Authors: ANJAN BERA  , AVIK MAJI  , DEBJANI BANERJEE  , DEBOJYOTI MANNA  , SHILPI ADHIKARY
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Whether to irradicate the para-aortic node prophylactically or not in locally advanced cervical carcinoma in the absence of para-aortic lymphadenopathy, the recommendation varies across guidelines. Extended field radiotherapy may improve overall survival (OS) by better local control of the para-aortic nodal region compared to pelvic RT alone, especially in patients unable to tolerate concurrent pelvic chemoradiotherapy.
Methods: This was a single institutional retrospective study carried out in the department of radiotherapy at NRSMCH, Kolkata. A total of 30 HPE-proven locally advanced cervical cancer patients treated with extended field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were selected for this retrospective study.
Results: Response assessment was done 12–16 weeks after completion of treatment and 26 patients (86%) had complete locoregional responses and four patients had the local disease (14%). The 2-year OS was 86%. The common toxicity was Grade I small bowel toxicity (diarrhea), skin reactions, and Grade I neutropenia, seen in 78%, 63%, and 58% of patients, respectively. Another acute toxicity was Grade I anemia seen in 35% of patients. The common late toxicity was Grade I lower GI (11%).
Conclusions: Extended Field-IMRT is a convenient, feasible, and effective treatment modality for target coverage and para-aortic nodal control with minimal toxicity.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE REGARDING HANDLING OF EXPIRED MEDICINES AMONG DOCTORS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: JAYASREE D  , SOWMYA DEEPTHI CHAVALA  , DARA ARUNA KUMARI  , NAGA JYOTHI V
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The present study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice related to use and disposal of expired medicines among doctors working in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: The study was conducted in the Government Medical College, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh. After obtaining verbal consent, a pre-validated questionnaire was shared to the participants through Google Forms. It had two parts; part one with participant demographic details and part two comprised structured multiple choice questions, regarding their knowledge, attitude, and practice toward handling of expired medicines. Forms with completed responses were included and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007.
Results: A total of 84 responses were analyzed, and it was observed that 88% of the participants knew the definition of expiry date and its calculation. All the participants checked for the expiry date always. About 66% opined that expired drugs should never be used. Only 37% were aware of the color-coded bin used to dispose expired medication. About 33% responded that pharmaceutical waste can be reduced by rational drug use.
Conclusion: The study shows that there is lacuna regarding knowledge, attitude, and practice related to use of expired drugs and their disposal. It is recommended to create awareness regarding the same though workshops and awareness programs.
COMPARISON OF EPICARDIUM ADIPOSE TISSUE THICKNESS IN TREADMILL TEST POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PATIENT
Authors: SURYADEEP GUPTA  , GOVIND KOURETI  , YOGENDRA SINGH GOND  , MAHENDRA CHOURASIYA
Published: August 2024

Objective: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To find out the relationship between the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness and the treadmill (TMT) test results. (2) To find out the correlation between the EAT thickness and waist circumference and serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
Methods: This study was conducted on 77 patients with complaints of chest pain and came for evaluation to our institution during the study period. All the patients were explained about the study, transthoracic echocardiography, and about EAT as newer cardiovascular risk factors. After obtaining their verbal consent to participate in the study, a voluntary written informed consent was obtained from the patient and/or his/her legally acceptable representative.
Results: Majority of the patients were in the age group 41–50 years. Males (54.5%) were more in our study compared to the females. Out of the 77 patients with chest pain, who underwent TMT test, the test was positive in 50.6% patients, negative in 42.9% patients, and inconclusive in 6.5% patients. The comparison of fat pad thickness during the systole was found significantly higher in TMT-positive patients and lowest in the inconclusive patients (p<0.05).
Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between the TMT results and the EAT thickness in our study. The thickness of EAT was highest in TMT-positive patients and lowest in the TMT inconclusive test result patients.
ANALYSIS OF MENTZER INDEX IN CHILDREN PRESENTING WITH MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: ARINDAM GHOSH  , DEBDEEP DASGUPTA  , SUSUMNA BISWAS
Published: August 2024

Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze Mentzer index in pediatric patients presenting with microcytic anemia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Physiology of a tertiary care medical institute. One hundred and twenty children below the age of 12 years and having microcytic hypochromic anemia were included in this study on the basis of predefined criteria. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration (MCHC), and Mentzer index were analyzed from complete blood count reports. Those with a Mentzer index more than 13 were advised further workup to rule out possibility of thalassemia. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis and p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Out of 120 studied cases, there were 71 (59.17%) boys and 49 (40.83%) girls. There was a male predominance among the studied cases with M: F ratio being 1:0.69. The mean age of boys (8.12±3.13) and girls (7.82±2.98) was found to be comparable with no statistically significant difference. Fatigue was the most common complaint, with 52 boys (73.24%) and 36 girls (73.47%) reporting it. Pallor was observed in 51 boys (71.83%) and 35 girls (71.43%). MCV, MCH, and MCHC values were comparable in boys and girls whereas red cell distribution width was higher in girls as compared to boys and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.02). Most of the patients (92.5%) had a Mentzer index of more than 13; however, 7.5% of cases were found to have a Mentzer index below 13. Patients with a Mentzer index <13 were advised further investigations to rule out other causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia including beta-thalassemia. Conclusion: The Mentzer index provides a simple and effective tool for differentiating between iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia, especially in resource-limited settings, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and improving patient outcomes.
A Review Study: Mechanical and Environmental Benefits of Plastic-Modified Bitumen in Road Construction
Authors: Singh Er. Dushyant
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of incorporating varying percentages of plastic waste into bitumen on the mechanical properties and performance of bituminous pavements. The empirical tests conducted reveal that the addition of plastic waste improves the bitumen's performance up to an optimum plastic content of 8% by weight. Beyond this level, the benefits either plateau or diminish. Laboratory tests, including the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), indicate that plasticmodified bitumen exhibits a significantly higher complex modulus (G*) and lower phase angle (δ) compared to unmodified bitumen, with the 8% plastic mix showing the best performance. Enhanced Marshall Stability, flow values, decreased penetration, and increased softening points suggest superior load and temperature resistance. The high viscosity of plasticmodified bitumen contributes to increased pavement strength and longevity. Future research should include additional tests such as ductility, elastic recovery, and flash/fire point tests using the wet process, as well as an exploration of the dry process, which involves coating aggregates with shredded plastic. The findings confirm that using plastic waste in bitumen not only improves pavement quality but also offers an eco-friendly solution for plastic waste management, promoting sustainable construction practices.
Coffee Leaf Disease Detection Using CNN
Authors: Shetty Anilkumar
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The project presents a comprehensive approach to detecting coffee leaf diseases through deep learning techniques, specifically utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The system is built upon the VGG16 architecture, which has been fine-tuned to recognize and classify four types of coffee leaf conditions: Minor, Nodisease, Phoma, and Rust. A comprehensive preprocessing pipeline has been established to improve image quality, guaranteeing that the model is trained on well-optimized data. Data augmentation is used during training to avoid overfitting and enhance the model's ability to generalize to new data. The model is validated on a separate test set, where it achieves an accuracy of approximately 88%, indicating a high level of reliability in disease detection. Additionally, the project includes tools for evaluating the model's performance through metrics like accuracy, True Positive Rate(TPR), True Negative Rate(TNR), and False Positive Rate(FPR), providing a detailed analysis of its effectiveness. The final system is also equipped with a user-friendly interface for real-time disease detection, which can significantly benefit coffee farmers by enabling early intervention and reducing the impact of diseases on crop production. This project underscores the potential of CNNs in precision agriculture, paving the way for more intelligent and automated farming solutions
Comparative Studies on Single Cell and Double Cell Curved Prestressed Box Girder Bridges
Authors: Irfan Shaik
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Bridge design has evolved significantly due to increasing spans, necessitating efficient and economical configurations. Cable stayed and suspension bridges are commonly used for long spans, while box girder bridges are suitable for medium and long spans due to their superior flexural and torsional behavior. However, analyzing box girder bridges is challenging due to various structural actions, but judicious selection of preliminary sections can reduce computational effort. This study examines single and double cell curved prestressed Box Girder Bridges under various loads, including class-AA load, class A vehicle load, and prestressed load with variable angle of curvature. The LSM method is adopted instead of working stress method, and numerical models are analyzed using commercially available software (MIDAS Civil). Compared with all the cases, it can be stated that when a bridge is curved in plan, double cell box girder bridges are more effective than single cell box girder bridges. Comparing 120 , 150 and 180 curvatures, the 150 curvature is the most appropriate for the length of 36m simply supported girder.
A Study on the Subjectivity of Play Therapist's Supervision
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Hwang Soon-won , Myeung Seo-yul , Lee Sang-hee
Published: August 2024

Objectives This study applied Q methodology to type the subjectivity of play therapists' supervision and identify the characteristics of each type in order to identify the subjective perception and characteristics of each type of play therapist's supervision.
Methods To this end, a total of 143 statements were derived through literature research and in-depth interviews for a total of 115 days from March 30 to July 22, 2023, and a total of 27 play therapists were selected as the P sample and Q classification was conducted. The collected data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL Program.
Results As a result of the study, the play therapist's supervision experience was classified into four categories. Type 1 is a ‘play therapist who believes that he or she has experienced self-reflection and professional growth through play therapy supervision.’ This type recognizes that he or she has experienced positive growth in both personal and professional areas through supervision. Type 2 is a ‘play therapist with ambivalent feelings about play therapy supervision’ and perceives that he has received help as a play therapist through supervision, but perceives that he has experienced ambivalent feelings of sensitivity and concern about the relationship with the supervisor. This is the type of thing that does. Type 3 is ‘play therapists who think that the less experience they have, the more play therapy supervision they should receive.’ This includes play therapists who think that play therapy supervision should be carried out in qualitatively different ways and aspects depending on experience. Type 4 was identified as ‘play therapist seeking a better environment for receiving play therapy supervision.’ They think that the environment for receiving better supervision is a physical place to receive supervision, a quiet space, the supervision process, a trusting relationship with the supervisor, and additional training after supervision.
Conclusions Through the results of this study, the subjective perception structure of play therapists' supervision was classified and confirmed, focusing on play therapists' perception of supervision, and it is expected to be used as basic data on the development and accessibility of play therapists' continuous supervision.
Development and Application of Secondary Mathematics Gifted Class Program Using Artificial Intelligence Focused on Machine Learning
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Yoo Ic Soo , Yun Jong-Gug
Published: August 2024

Objectives In this study, the goal is to develop a machine learning-centered artificial intelligence-based secondary mathematics gifted class program that enhances the mathematical creativity and computational thinking of secondary mathematics gifted. The program aims to instill a positive attitude towards artificial intelligence in students.
Methods We investigate machine learning algorithms applied to artificial intelligence models, select appropriate mathematical topics, and develop a Project-Based Learning (PBL) instructional program where learners can actively participate in implementing artificial intelligence models. The program application was conducted with three students from the Gifted Education Institute at K University located in Chungbuk Province, South Korea, during the 2023 academic year. The participants included one 1st-year middle school student and two 3rd-year middle school students. Data collection involved recording activities, interview recordings, observation journals, activity outcomes, class reflections, and attitude surveys related to artificial intelligence.
Results The secondary mathematics gifted class utilizing artificial intelligence was designed by applying the image classification model of Entry, an artificial intelligence model. The class program was structured around two themes: ‘Implementation of an artificial intelligence model classifying rectangles’ and ‘Implementation of an artificial intelligence model classifying tessellations.’ Through the application of the secondary mathematics gifted class program, elements of mathematical creativity and computational thinking were observed in secondary mathematics gifted. When comparing the period before and after the application of the program, it was evident that the implementation of the class program had a positive impact on changing the attitude of secondary mathematics gifted towards artificial intelligence.
Conclusions The secondary mathematics gifted class program developed in this study, utilizing machine learning-centered artificial intelligence, proves to be a beneficial method for concurrently enhancing learners' mathematical creativity and computational thinking during the problem-solving process. Furthermore, the practical experience with artificial intelligence has contributed to increasing learners' understanding of artificial intelligence, resulting in a positive shift in their attitudes towards artificial intelligence.