bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed parameter model of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the identification of IDH mutation, 1p19q codeletion, and tumor cell proliferation in glioma patients
Authors: Zhao Kai , Huang Huiyu , Gao Eryuan , Qi Jinbo , Chen Ting , Zhao Gaoyang , Zhao Guohua , Zhang Yu , Wang Peipei , Bai Jie , Zhang Yong , Hou Zujun , Cheng Jingliang , Ma Xiaoyue
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To investigate the clinical value of hemodynamic parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in predicting glioma genotypes including isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, 1p/19q codeletion status and the tumor proliferation index (Ki-67) noninvasively. And to compare the diagnostic performance of parameters of distributed parameter (DP)model and extended Tofts (Ex-Tofts) model.

Materials and methods

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) data of patients with glioma were prospectively enrolled from April 2021 to May 2023. The imaging data were analyzed using DP and Ex-Tofts model for evaluating the perfusion and permeability characteristics of glioma. Comparisons were performed according to IDH genotype in all glioma patients and 1p/19q codeletion in IDH mutation glioma patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for DCE-MRI parameters. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated between DCE MRI parameters and Ki-67 index.

Results

In IDH-mutation gliomas, a higher blood flow (F) was found in 1p/19q codeletion gliomas than in 1p/19q intact gliomas. No parameter derived from Ex-Tofts model showed significant differences in predicting 1p/19q status. Fractional volume of interstitial space (Ve) derived from both the DP and Ex-Tofts models exhibited optimal performance in predicting IDH genotype (AUC = 0.818, 0.828, respectively). Ve also showed the highest correlations with Ki-67 LI within their respective models in all gliomas (ρ = 0.62, 0.61), indicating comparable moderate positive associations. Ki-67

Conclusion

DP model showed a clear advantage in predicting 1p/19q status compared to Ex-Tofts model. The DP and Ex-Tofts models performed similarly in predicting IDH mutation and Ki-67 index.
Major contributors to FLASH sparing efficacy emerge from murine skin studies: dose rate, total dose per fraction, anesthesia and oxygenation
Authors: Pogue Brian W. , Thomas William S. , Tavakkoli Armin D. , Jarvis Lesley A. , Hoopes P. Jack
Published: October 2024

Background

Normal tissue sparing from radiation damage upon ultra-high dose rate irradiation, known as the FLASH effect with an equivalent tumor response, has been widely reported in murine skin models, and translation of this type of radiotherapy to humans has already begun, with skin sparing being a primary outcome expected.

Methods

This study reviews the status of the field, focusing on the proposed mechanisms and skin response assays, outlining what has become known in terms of input parameters that might control the magnitude of the FLASH effect.

Results

Murine studies have largely focused on acute damage responses, developing over 3–8 weeks, to single doses of FLASH versus conventional dose rate (CDR), suggesting that at dose rates above tens of Gray per second, with a total dose of more than 20 Gy, the FLASH effect is induced. Fractionated delivery appears to be possible, although fraction sizes >17 Gy appear to be needed for sparing efficacy. The interplay between the dose rate and total dose per fraction remains to be fully elucidated. Oxygen is a modulator of efficacy, with both hypoxia and hyperoxia diminishing the effect of FLASH. Measurement of transient changes in oxygen levels is possible and may be a marker of treatment efficacy.

Conclusion

Taken together, murine skin data provide important information for translational studies, despite the associated limitations. Studies of later-term sparing effects, as well as studies on pig skin, are needed to take the next step in assessing translational FLASH efficacy. The control of biological factors, such as tissue oxygenation, may be required to understand and control the response.
Predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer patients undergoing neck dissection: insights from a large cohort study
Authors: Wu Shuping , Liu Yu , Ruan Xianhui , Zheng Xiangqian
Published: October 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and metastatic patterns in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients undergoing lymph node dissection, offering guidance for clinical practice.

Methods

A total of 924 PTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy with central neck dissection (CND) or lateral neck dissection (LND) between January 2021 and November 2022 were included in the analysis. The study investigated the relationships between clinicopathological characteristics, lymph node metastasis, and various risk factor.

Results

Among the 924 PTC patients, the cervical lymph node metastasis rate was 59.1% (546 patients). Of these patients, 381 had central neck metastasis (CNM, 41.2%), while the remaining 165 patients had lateral neck metastasis (LNM, 17.9%). Factors associated with increased risk of CNM and LNM included larger tumor diameter, presence of multiple tumors, and capsular invasion (p<0.05). Male sex, age <55 years, larger tumor diameter (>0.85 cm), multiple tumors, capsular invasion, and absence of Hashimoto’s disease were identified as independent risk factors for CNM (p<0.05), with an AUC value of 0.722. CNM, maximum diameter >1.15 cm, and multiple tumors were independent risk factors for LNM (p<0.05), with an AUC of 0.699.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that tailored neck dissection based on individual risk factors is crucial, particularly in cases of suspected LNM with larger tumors, CNM, multiple tumors, and capsular invasion.
Vascular and nerve biomarkers in thigh skin biopsies differentiate painful from painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Sloan Gordon , Donatien Philippe , Privitera Rosario , Shillo Pallai , Caunt Sharon , Selvarajah Dinesh , Anand Praveen , Tesfaye Solomon
Published: October 2024

Background

Identifying distinct mechanisms and biomarkers for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is required for advancing the treatment of this major global unmet clinical need. We previously provided evidence in calf skin biopsies that disproportion between reduced sensory small nerve fibers and increased blood vessels may distinguish painful from non-painful DPN. We proposed that overexposure of the reduced nerve fibers in DPN to increased hypoxemia-induced vasculature and related algogenic factors, e.g., nerve growth factor (NGF), leads to neuropathic pain. To further investigate this proposed mechanism, we have now studied more proximal thigh skin biopsies, to see if the same disproportion between increased vasculature and decreased nerve fibers generally differentiates painful DPN from painless DPN.

Methods

A total of 28 subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and 13 healthy volunteers (HV) underwent detailed clinical and neurophysiological assessments, based on the neuropathy composite score of the lower limbs [NIS(LL)] plus 7 tests. T2DM subjects were subsequently divided into three groups: painful DPN (n = 15), painless DPN (n = 7), and no DPN (n = 6). All subjects underwent skin punch biopsy from the upper lateral thigh 20 cm below the anterior iliac spine.

Results

Skin biopsies showed decreased PGP 9.5-positive intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density in both painful DPN (p < 0.0001) and painless DPN (p = 0.001). Vascular marker von Willebrand Factor (vWF) density was markedly increased in painful DPN vs. other groups, including painless DPN (p = 0.01). There was a resulting significant decrease in the ratio of intraepidermal nerve fiber density to vasculature and PGP9.5 to vWF, in painful DPN vs. painless DPN (p = 0.05). These results were similar in pattern to those observed in these HV and T2DM groups previously in distal calf biopsies; however, the increase in vWF was much higher and nerve fiber density much lower in the calf than thigh for painful DPN. Thigh skin vWF density was significantly correlated with several metabolic (waist/hip ratio, HbA1c), clinical (e.g., pain score), and neurophysiological measures.

Conclusion

This study supports our proposal that increased dermal vasculature, and its disproportionate ratio to reduced nociceptors, may help differentiate painful DPN from painless DPN. This disproportion is greater in the distal calf than the proximal thigh skin; hence, neuropathic pain in DPN is length-dependent and first localized to the distal lower limbs, mainly feet.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children: a multicenter study from Hubei, China
Authors: Du Hui , Li Jun , Li Xilin , Zhao Junhua , Lu Wei , Zhang Qiong , Liu Wenchun , Luo Xinbing , Lu Qiao , Hu Sanhong , Ma Jilong , He Renzhong , Sha Bangwu , Zhang Lihua , Wu Jinhui , Yang Junjie , Li Hongli , Chen Hebin , Li Ying , Li Yang , Lin Yaxin , Liu Yuehu , Wu Yabin , Liu Yang , Li Jianmu , Lu Xiaoxia
Published: October 2024

Aims

To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in Hubei, China.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed inpatients with MPP from 20 hospitals in Hubei, China from January 2021 to December 2022. The co-detected pathogens of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) were investigated using targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS), and 23S rRNA gene mutations were analyzed to assess the macrolide resistance.

Results

M. pneumoniae infected 20.7% of patients with CAP, with cough (96.59%) and fever (80.28%) being the most prevalent symptoms. The infection rates in children younger than 1, 1–2, 3–6, 7–12, and older than 12 years were 6.17%, 19.98%, 26.97%, 43.93%, and 2.95%, respectively. Among 1,349 patients undergoing tNGS, the overall co-detection rate was 59.45%, with Streptococcus pneumoniae (29.30%), Haemophilus influenzae (23.57%), and Human rhinovirus (17.21%) being the most commonly co-detected pathogens. In 635 patients undergoing the 23S rRNA gene mutation test, 86.30% exhibited positive mutations (A2063G, 98.00%; A2064G, 1.50%; A2067G, 0.50%). Despite a significant age difference (P = 0.037) between macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae and macrolide-sensitive M. pneumoniae groups, there were no significant differences in symptoms, lab data, or disease severity.

Conclusions

In Hubei Province, the prevalence of exhibited consistent changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. MPP was prevalent year-round, particularly in summer and autumn, with school-age children being more susceptible. Co-detections of viruses and bacteria were frequent in MPP cases, and macrolide resistance exceeded 85%. Ongoing surveillance of M. pneumoniae in children is crucial for understanding the healthcare impact of MPP.
Machine learning model for predicting the cold–heat pattern in Kampo medicine: a multicenter prospective observational study
Authors: Maeda-Minami Ayako , Yoshino Tetsuhiro , Katayama Kotoe , Horiba Yuko , Hikiami Hiroaki , Shimada Yutaka , Namiki Takao , Tahara Eiichi , Minamizawa Kiyoshi , Muramatsu Shin-Ichi , Yamaguchi Rui , Imoto Seiya , Miyano Satoru , Mima Hideki , Uneda Kazushi , Nogami Tatsuya , Fukunaga Koichi , Watanabe Kenji
Published: October 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to predict the four cold–heat patterns in patients who have the subjective symptoms of the cold–heat pattern described in the International Classification of Diseases Traditional Medicine Conditions – Module 1 by applying a machine learning algorithm.

Methods

Subjects were first-visit Kampo outpatients at six institutions who agreed to participate in this multicenter prospective observational study. The cold pattern model and the heat pattern model were created separately with 148 symptoms, body mass index, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), age, and sex. Along with a single cold or heat pattern, the tangled heat/cold pattern is defined as being predicted by both cold and heat patterns, while the moderate (heat/cold) pattern is defined as being predicted by neither the cold pattern nor the heat pattern.

Results

We included 622 participants (mean age ±standard deviation, 54.4 ± 16.9; with female 501). The accuracy, macro-recall, precision, and F1-score of a combination of the two prediction models were 96.7%, 93.2%, 85.6%, and 88.5% respectively. The important items were compatible with the definitions of the cold–heat pattern.

Conclusion

We developed a prediction model on cold–heat patterns with data from patients whose subjective cold/heat-related symptoms matched the cold–heat pattern diagnosis by the physician.
Antioxidant hydrogels for the treatment of osteoarthritis: mechanisms and recent advances
Authors: He Feng , Wu Hongwei , He Bin , Han Zun , Chen Jiayi , Huang Lei
Published: October 2024

Articular cartilage has limited self-healing ability, resulting in injuries often evolving into osteoarthritis (OA), which poses a significant challenge in the medical field. Although some treatments exist to reduce pain and damage, there is a lack of effective means to promote cartilage regeneration. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) have been found to increase significantly in the OA micro-environment. They play a key role in biological systems by participating in cell signaling and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Abnormal ROS expression, caused by internal and external stimuli and tissue damage, leads to elevated levels of oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, cell damage, and impaired tissue repair. To prevent excessive ROS accumulation at injury sites, biological materials can be engineered to respond to the damaged microenvironment, release active components in an orderly manner, regulate ROS levels, reduce oxidative stress, and promote tissue regeneration. Hydrogels have garnered significant attention due to their excellent biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical properties, and drug delivery capabilities. Numerous antioxidant hydrogels have been developed and proven effective in alleviating oxidative stress. This paper discusses a comprehensive treatment strategy that combines antioxidant hydrogels with existing treatments for OA and explores the potential applications of antioxidant hydrogels in cartilage tissue engineering.
When sounds come alive: animacy in the auditory sense
Authors: Gonan Stefano , Vallortigara Giorgio , Chiandetti Cinzia
Published: October 2024

Despite the interest in animacy perception, few studies have considered sensory modalities other than vision. However, even everyday experience suggests that the auditory sense can also contribute to the recognition of animate beings, for example through the identification of voice-like sounds or through the perception of sounds that are the by-products of locomotion. Here we review the studies that have investigated the responses of humans and other animals to different acoustic features that may indicate the presence of a living entity, with particular attention to the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying such perception. Specifically, we have identified three different auditory animacy cues in the existing literature, namely voicelikeness, consonance, and acoustic motion. While the first two characteristics are clearly exclusive to the auditory sense and indicate the presence of an animate being capable of producing vocalizations or harmonic sounds—with the adaptive value of consonance also being exploited in musical compositions in which the musician wants to convey certain meanings—acoustic movement is, on the other hand, closely linked to the perception of animacy in the visual sense, in particular to self-propelled and biological motion stimuli. The results presented here support the existence of a multifaceted auditory sense of animacy that is shared by different distantly related species and probably represents an innate predisposition, and also suggest that the mechanisms underlying the perception of living things may all be part of an integrated network involving different sensory modalities.
Relationship between erectile dysfunction and alexithymia in male patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ledermann Katharina , Zuccarella-Hackl Claudia , Altwegg Rahel , Dörner Marc , Attanasio Veronica , Guth Lisa , Zirngast Sina , Pazhenkottil Aju P. , Menzi Anna , von Känel Roland , Princip Mary
Published: October 2024

Background

Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) implantation is a life-saving intervention for individuals at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. However, the psychosocial impact of ICD implantation extends beyond its cardiovascular benefits, potentially influencing emotional well-being and sexual health. This can lead to erectile dysfunction, which, is often associated with alexithymia. Both erectile dysfunction and alexithymia can significantly affect the psychological well-being of both patients and their partners.

Aims

This study examines the association of erectile dysfunction with alexithymia in patients after ICD implantation. Additionally, we investigate potential moderators of this association.

Method

Patients (N=165) completed self-rating questionnaires: Toronto Alexithymia scale (TAS-20), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), Adjustment disorder – new module (ADNM-20). Descriptive statistics, correlations, multivariate linear regressions, and moderation analysis were conducted.

Results

The determinants of erectile dysfunction in ICD patients were explored in a regression model explaining 22% of the total variance. The ADNM-20 subscale preoccupation was found to significantly moderate the relationship between the alexithymia subscale externally oriented thinking and erectile dysfunction (R2 = 0.02, p=0.03).

Conclusion

We did not find evidence for a relationship between externally oriented thinking and erectile dysfunction at low to average levels of preoccupation. However, evidence for such a relationship was found at high levels of preoccupation, where more externally oriented thinking was related to more erectile dysfunction. The intersection of alexithymia and erectile dysfunction represents a promising avenue for future research, offering opportunities to unravel the intricate connections between emotional processing and sexual health. Enhancing insights into this relationship could lead to innovative interventions that address the needs of individuals struggling with both conditions, fostering improved emotional expression, intimate relationships, and sexual satisfaction.
Analysis of preoperative and postoperative depression and anxiety in patients with lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy treated with percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy
Authors: Wei Yatao , Huang Hailun , Sun Kui , Gao Heng , Cao Zhenwen , Zhang Bin , Wu Junzhe , Liu Yongai
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aims to examine the mental health of patients with lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy (LDHR) and to evaluate the effects of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) on their mental well-being.

Method

This study included 114 LDHR patients who received PTED in the Spinal Orthopedics Department of Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between May 2022 and May 2023. The study population was stratified into two groups according to the presence of preoperative anxiety and depression: Group A comprised patients with such symptoms, and Group B included the remainder. Patients were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS), and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at preoperative and final follow-up visits. Evaluations were performed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Visual Analog Scale, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at the time of preoperation and during the last follow-up.

Results

Among the 114 LDHR patients who obtained complete follow-up, fifty-four had anxiety/depression symptoms before surgery, which accounted for a incidence of 47%. Both Group A and Group B patients showed significant improvement in all evaluation indicators after PTED, but the overall prognosis of Group A was worse than that of Group B.

Conclusion

PTED can effectively improve patients’ pain, functional activities and mental health, which has a positive impact on patients’ quality of life, and there is a significant correlation between patients’ preoperative mental health and prognosis.
Long-term effects of air pollution on daily outpatient visits for allergic conjunctivitis from 2013 to 2020: a time-series study in Urumqi, China
Authors: Liu Dongwei , Gui Siyu , Wang Xinchen , Wang Qianqian , Qiao Jianchao , Tao Fangbiao , Tao Liming , Jiang Zhengxuan , Yi Xianglong
Published: October 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of outdoor air pollution and allergic conjunctivitis and population-based lagged effects of air pollution.

Methods

We included data on six major air pollutants, PM10, PM2.5, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), and 3325 allergic conjunctivitis outpatient visits in Urumqi, northwest China, from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2020. We developed quasi-Poisson generalized linear regression models with distributed lagged nonlinear models (DLNM), and single and multi-pollutant models were constructed to investigate single-day and cumulative lagged effects in detail.

Results

Our results confirmed that elevated PM10 and NO2 levels are significantly associated with increased allergic conjunctivitis outpatient visits with lags of 2 and 3 days respectively, and subgroup analyses further suggest that the effects of PM10 and NO2 on allergic conjunctivitis are more pronounced during the warm season. Women are more sensitive to PM10 exposure and the effect of air pollution on allergic conjunctivitis is influenced by age (e.g., infancy and older people).

Discussion

Our work provides the first time-series study in Urumqi, the world's furthest inland city from the ocean. Further implementation of specific outdoor air pollution controls such as the burning of fossil fuels like coal, as well as special population protection policies remain necessary. Multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
Combined effect of triglyceride glucose-body mass index and hypertension on new-onset stroke: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study
Authors: Ma Fucun , Hu Jiaying , Gao Zheng , Liu Xuekai , Bai Mingjian , Liang Guowei
Published: October 2024

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate the combined impact of the triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and hypertension on the risk of stroke among the middle-aged and older adult population in China.

Methods

This study included 6,922 participants aged 45 and above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, utilizing a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model to explore the relationship between TyG-BMI, hypertension, and the incidence of new-onset stroke events, as well as conducting Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) analyses to evaluate the predictive utility of TyG-BMI.

Results

During a 7-year follow-up period, a total of 401 stroke events were recorded. Compared to patients with lower TyG-BMI (TyG-BMI < 199.74) levels and non-hypertension, those with elevated TyG-BMI levels and non-hypertension had an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were 1.47 (1.05–2.05). The adjusted HR and 95%CI for the group with lower TyG-BMI levels and hypertension was 2.99 (2.17–4.12), and for those with elevated TyG-BMI levels and hypertension, the adjusted HR and 95%CI was 3.49 (2.63–4.62). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, the combination of elevated TyG-BMI levels and hypertension, treated as routine variables, was still significantly associated with the risk of stroke. NRI and IDI analyses showed significant improvements in risk prediction with the inclusion of TyG-BMI. Furthermore, in all subgroup analyses conducted, individuals with elevated TyG-BMI levels and hypertension nearly exhibited the highest risk for incident stroke.

Conclusion

Our study reveals that the combined effect of TyG-BMI and hypertension may increase the risk of incident stroke in the middle-aged and older adult Chinese population. TyG-BMI correlates with comorbid conditions and enhances traditional risk assessment. Future research will require validation through larger sample sizes or diverse populations to further confirm this finding.
DiScO: novel rapid systems mapping to inform digital transformation of health systems
Authors: Katapally Tarun Reddy , Elsahli Nadine , Bhawra Jasmin
Published: October 2024

Background

Global health systems are confronting challenges that intersect climate change with evolving communicable and non-communicable public health risks. Addressing these challenges requires systems integration via citizen big data that exist outside health systems. However, systems integration across jurisdictions is a complex challenge that requires stakeholder input. This study’s purpose was to conduct rapid systems mapping with international health system stakeholders to inform the development and implementation of a global digital citizen science observatory (DiScO), which aims to catalyze digital transformation of health systems across jurisdictions.

Methods

A rapid qualitative systems mapping study was conducted during the International Society for Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Annual Global Summit in Uppsala, Sweden, in June 2023. The choice of the venue and approach was informed by three key criteria: (1) Established evidence linking physical activity and nutrition with non-communicable diseases; (2) Concrete existing methods of obtaining citizen big data by physical activity and nutrition researchers; (3) Precedence of physical activity and nutrition researchers conducting citizen science as well behavioral/clinical big data collection. The design of this study was an innovative pre-post systems map development, which consisted of (1) real-time rapid systems mapping (pre/initial map) by engaging with international stakeholders and (2) adjustment of the real-time systems map (post/final map) after analyzing stakeholder discussion data.

Results

Rapid systems mapping resulted in a complex network that included key themes to successfully develop and implement DiScO: priorities, opportunities, risks, challenges, partnerships, and resources. Additionally, a new theme emerged organically through stakeholder group discussions – mitigation strategies. The adapted rapid systems map (i.e., after data analyses) depicts 23 key nodes of intervention across the seven key themes.

Conclusion

Rapid systems mapping at international symposia is a novel methodological approach to capture stakeholder input, particularly to understand complexity across international jurisdictions – an approach that can be replicated across disciplines and sectors to inform digital transformation of health systems. The development and implementation of DiScO, a platform for decentralization and democratization of technology, will take into consideration all the key nodes of intervention identified in the rapid systems map to promote digital health for equity across global jurisdictions.
The acute cross-education effect of foam rolling on the thigh muscles in patients after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Yokochi Masanobu , Nakamura Masatoshi , Iwata Ayaka , Kaneko Ryota , Yamada Noboru , Konrad Andreas
Published: October 2024

Introduction

In the early postoperative period after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), joint range of motion (ROM) limitation and increased stiffness due to pain are commonly observed. Previous studies have reported that a single bout of foam rolling (FR) can acutely increase ROM and pain threshold on the contralateral (non-intervention) side in healthy participants. In this study, we aimed to expand this knowledge for TKA rehabilitation and investigated the acute effects of FR intervention on the non-operative side on ROM, stiffness, and pain of the operative side in postoperative patients within the first week after TKA.

Materials and methods

The study employed a randomized crossover design: 20 patients (mean age 75.0 ± 7.8 years) in the first postoperative week after TKA were divided alternately into Roll_Break and Break_Roll groups in the order of prescription. In the Roll_Break group, after the initial evaluation, a 180-s (60-s × three sets) FR intervention using a roller massager by a physiotherapist for the knee extensors was performed on the contralateral side (non-operative side), followed by the measurement. Afterwards, after 180-s of supine at rest, the measurement was performed again (i.e., control phase). In the Break_Roll group, after the initial evaluation, each patient was placed in a seated resting position for 180-s, and then another measurement was performed (i.e., control phase). After this, the FR intervention was performed for 180-s, and then the measurement was performed again. The intensity of the FR intervention was set to the maximum intensity that did not cause pain. We measured pain using the visual analogue scale at rest and during the knee joint ROM measurements, knee joint active movement ROM, knee joint passive ROM, and stiffness during the knee joint active movement.

Results

All outcome variables showed significant improvements after the FR intervention (intervention phase) when compared pre- to post-intervention, and significantly favourable effects were found compared to the control condition.

Conclusion

The results showed significant improvements in ROM, pain, and stiffness of the operative side after the FR intervention on the non-operative side. For future therapy approaches for TKA patients, FR treatment of the non-operative side should be employed in the first weeks after surgery.
Parental awareness and dental health behavior of children with congenital heart disease, with diabetes mellitus, or undergoing anti-cancer treatment, compared to healthy children
Authors: Halperson Elinor , Badarneh Hanan , Zion Ella , Kruchenezki Helly , Goldstein Gal , Gavri Sagui , Zangen David , Fux-Noy Avia
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Children with chronic diseases tend to experience a considerably higher burden of oral disease compared to their healthy peers. Low awareness of the impact of systemic diseases on oral health, lack of motivation, and discomfort may render the maintenance of good oral hygiene challenging. We conducted a study of four groups of parents: of children with congenital heart disease (CHD), with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM), and undergoing anti-cancer treatment (ACT); and a control group of healthy children (C). We aimed to compare between the groups, parental attitudes and knowledge of their children's oral health, and their reports of their children's dental habits.

Methods

Parents who arrived with their children for routine check-ups at three main clinics: cardiology, endocrinology, and hematology-oncology were asked to respond to a questionnaire regarding their children's oral and dental health.

Results

A total of 287 questionnaires were collected from 76 parents of children with CHD, 100 parents of children with DM, 50 parents of children undergoing ACT, and 61 parents who comprised group C. Compared to the CHD and DM groups, the ACT group demonstrated significantly more awareness of the importance of maintaining oral and dental health following diagnosis of their children's medical condition. Mothers’ education was found to correlate with dental health knowledge. Most children in the DM and C groups had previous dental examinations, compared to only half in the CHD and ACT groups. A higher proportion of the children in the C than the other groups brushed teeth twice daily. The groups were similar in their consumption of sugary drinks, and of sweets and snacks. The children's specialist physicians were the main source of information on oral health, especially in the ACT group.

Conclusions

Although most of the parents reported awareness to the oral health aspects of their children's disease, only part of them reported that their children visited dentists, and brushed their teeth twice daily. For the parents of children with CHD, DM, and ACT, their children's treating specialists were the primary source of information regarding oral health. This highlights the importance of clear and continuous communication between pediatric specialists and dentists.
Routes to a Carbon-Free World
Authors: van Vuuren Detlef , Minx Jan C. , Roy Joyashree , Lamb William F. , van der Wijst Kaj-Ivar
Published: October 2024

Humans need to cut CO2 emissions rapidly to limit global warming and prevent dangerous climate change. Policies adopted so far in countries worldwide are not enough. The good news is that there are many things we can do. First, we can save energy by using the most energy-efficient technologies and by changing our lifestyles. Second, we can use CO2-free energy sources, such as solar, wind, or hydropower. Third, we can invest in technologies that can remove CO2 from the atmosphere. Finally, we can regrow forests all over the planet. Scientists imagine alternative future “scenarios” including different combinations of technology, energy, and lifestyle solutions. We know it is possible, but we need to act now to reduce CO2 emissions, even if it means making hard choices.
A comprehensive review of integrating biostimulants and biopesticides for organic berry farming: exploring challenges and opportunities for Africa
Authors: Mounaimi Sana , Hamim Ahlam , El Boukhari Mohammed El Mehdi , Elarroussi Hicham , Lyamlouli Karim
Published: October 2024

Agriculture plays a pivotal role in Africa, contributing significantly to sustainable farming practices and the establishment of resilient food systems. Within this context, the use of various types of biostimulants, including microbial biostimulants such as Plant Growth-Promoting microorganisms (PGPM) and non-microbial products like Algal extract, humic acid, and protein hydrolysates, as well as biopesticides, emerges as a promising strategy to bolster sustainable agriculture, particularly in the realm of organic berry production. These substances have the potential to enhance crop growth, fortify stress tolerance, and optimize nutrient absorption, benefiting both human health and the environment. This paper aims to explore the opportunities and challenges associated with incorporating plant biostimulants into organic berry production within the African agricultural sector. To achieve this objective, an extensive and comprehensive review encompassing scientific literature, policy documents, and global data was conducted. The primary focus of this review was to investigate the current state of biostimulant adoption in organic berry farming within the African agricultural sector, with a specific emphasis on identifying potential opportunities and discussing the benefits derived from their application. Additionally, we addressed the challenges encountered and proposed practical approaches to achieving sustainable agriculture. The findings and conclusions of our review reveal the transformative potential of biostimulants in organic berry production. The evidence points to remarkable advancements in plant growth, plant health, overall yield, and fruit nutritional quality. By implementing these substances, we can also minimize the ecological footprint of agricultural practices. However, several challenges remain, including limited accessibility, insufficient awareness and knowledge regarding biostimulant usage, and a shortage of research specific to African agriculture. To overcome these challenges and achieve sustainable agriculture, this paper recommends practical approaches such as raising awareness, investing in research and development, and promoting the use of biostimulants through policy interventions and capacity-building programs. We underscore the importance of stakeholder participation and local adaptations for effectively integrating biostimulants in African agriculture. The significance of integrating plant biostimulants in organic berry production lies in advancing sustainable agriculture. This paper aims to explore the opportunities and challenges associated with incorporating plant biostimulants into organic berry production within Africa.
Post-Transplant Vitamin D Deficiency in Lung Transplant Recipients: Impact on Outcomes and Prognosis
Authors: Ki Min Seo , Kim Nam Eun , Woo Ala , Kim Song Yee , Kim Young Sam , Kim Ha Eun , Lee Jin Gu , Paik Hyo Chae , Park Moo Suk
Published: October 2024

Despite the recognized clinical significance of vitamin D deficiency in other solid organ transplant recipients, its specific relevance in lung transplantation remains to be fully understood. In this study, we performed a retrospective observational study on the impact of vitamin D deficiency on clinical outcomes and prognosis in 125 lung transplant recipients (LTRs) from October 2014 to March 2020 at a university hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Among 125 LTRs, 51 patients (40.8%) were vitamin D deficient. LTRs in the vitamin D-deficient group exhibited a higher incidence of post-transplant pneumonia and overall mortality than those with normal vitamin D levels during the follow-up period. This trend persisted when subjects were stratified into vitamin D tertiles. Furthermore, post-transplant vitamin D levels and C-reactive protein (CRP) significantly impacted pneumonia incidence and survival outcomes. Prognosis also varied based on cumulative vitamin D supplementation after transplantation, with patients receiving higher cumulative supplementation demonstrating improved prognosis. Our findings underscore the importance of assessing and maintaining optimal vitamin D levels post-transplantation, suggesting a potential avenue for improving outcomes in lung transplant recipients, especially in mitigating infection risk and enhancing long-term survival. Further research into optimal vitamin D levels and supplementation strategies in this population is warranted.
Identification of Critical Nodes for Delay Propagation in Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) Route Networks
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Wen Xiangxi , Wu Minggong , Xie Hanchen
Published: October 2024

In response to the challenges associated with forecasting the trajectory of flight delay propagation, pinpointing pivotal nodes within the route network, and the substantial costs involved in enhancing operational efficiency, this study introduces an innovative approach to identifying critical nodes that influence delay propagation across route networks. The methodology commences by establishing a route network model for East China, leveraging the principles of complex network theory. It then incorporates the SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered) model, typically used for analyzing the dynamics of infectious disease spread, to examine the propagation of delays between routes. Subsequently, the approach employs a GA to identify key nodes, which are then compared against those identified by network topology indices. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the GA’s identification of key nodes offers superior insights into the overall network’s susceptibility to infection, thereby presenting operational managers with novel perspectives for analyzing the spread of flight delays.
Postharvest Rice Value Chain in Arequipa, Peru: Insights into Farmers’ Storage Decisions
Authors: Zurita Carlos A. , Neuhofer Zachary , Díaz-Valderrama Jorge R. , Macedo-Valdivia Dennis , Woloshuk Charles , Baributsa Dieudonne
Published: October 2024

We examined the postharvest rice value chain among farmers in the Arequipa region of Peru, focusing on the stages of value creation after harvest. Our study is complemented by an economic analysis that provides insights into farmers’ decisions on whether or not to store rice after harvest. We found that farmers produced, on average, 65 tons of paddy rice on a 5 ha farm. Most farmers (over 85%) milled their paddy rice immediately after harvest, usually by paying a fee to a private mill. Milled rice was then sold to intermediaries (wholesalers and retailers). Approximately 13% and less than 1% of farmers stored their paddy rice before and after milling, respectively. Storage provided minimal financial benefits once grain preservation costs and price arbitrage were considered. Our findings offer guidance for policymakers and investment partners to enhance the efficiency of the postharvest rice value chain and to improve outcomes for farmers in Peru and other developing countries.
Improving Dynamic Performance of a Small Rhizome Chinese Herbs Harvesting Machine via Analysis, Testing, and Experimentation
Authors: Dai Lixun , Sun Wei , Simionescu Petru Aurelian , Sun Bugong , Huang Zongpeng , Liu Xiaolong
Published: October 2024

The small rhizome Chinese herbal medicine harvesting machine is used for excavating the underground rhizomes of Chinese medicinal plants. The reliability of an existing machine of this type was found to be suboptimal due to high vibration levels, as confirmed by direct measurements. To remedy this issue, the differential equation of motion was derived, solved, and visualized using MATLAB software (R2017a). The impact of various parameters on the equation of motion was analyzed through both time and frequency domain plots, as well as experimental analysis. The parameters studied included the rotational speed of the tractor’s power take-off (PTO) shaft, the machine’s overall mass and stiffness, the transmission ratio, and the excitation force generated by the machine’s reciprocating parts. To reduce vibration in the non-resonant state and avoid resonance as the natural frequency changes, several modifications were necessary: the PTO speed needed to be controlled, the stiffness of the machine had to be increased, and the mass of the reciprocating parts had to be decreased. Additionally, expanding the transmission-ratio range of the operational machinery was essential. Sandbags were added to the machine’s frame to increase its overall mass. The above measures have reduced the vibration speed of the harvester during operation. The vibration speeds Vmax and VRMS of the harvester under both working and non-working conditions have decreased by half compared to their original values, reducing the occurrence of resonance in the harvester and effectively mitigating vibration damage, thereby enhancing operational reliability.
Planting Density and Sowing Date Strongly Influence Canopy Characteristics and Seed Yield of Soybean in Southern Xinjiang
Authors: Xu Naibo , Mao Tingyong , Zhang Hengbin , Huang Xingjun , Zhan Yong , Liu Jiahao , Wang Desheng , Zhai Yunlong
Published: October 2024

Southern Xinjiang is an important soybean production region in China. However, the short growing season and the cultivation of winter crops (such as wheat) in the region limit the expansion of soybean planting areas. An increased planting density can compensate for the loss in yield due to delayed sowing. To identify the quantitative relationship between increased density and delayed days, a two-year field experiment was conducted at the Tarim University Agronomy Experiment Station. Two sowing dates (April 7 (S1) and May 7 (S2)) and three planting densities of 206,800 plants·ha−1 (D1), 308,600 plants·ha−1 (D2), and 510,200 plants·ha−1 (D3) were used to compare various plant growth parameters and canopy characteristics. Late sowing and a high planting density significantly increased the plant height (S2 was 37.3% higher than S1, and D3 was 17.6% and 8.8% higher than D1 and D2), main stem internode, petiole length, and the mean tilt angle of the leaves (S2 was 22.5% higher than S1, and D3 was 11.7% higher than D2) but reduced the stem diameter (D3 was 28.6% and 12.5% lower than D1 and D2), branch number (S2 was 26.7% lower than S1, and D2 was 75% lower than D1), canopy light transmittance (S2 was 49.2% lower than S1, and D3 was 36.7% and 20.8% lower than D1 and D2), photosynthetic rate, and dry matter. The highest yield was achieved at S1D1, but the lowest yield was found for S2D1. Overall, the results suggest that earlier sowing and a lower planting density contribute to achieving an optimum canopy structure and higher yield. Our conclusions provide a reference for soybean production in southern Xinjiang.
Effects of Moisture Content and Lime Concentrate on Physiochemical, Mechanical, and Sensory Properties of Quinoa Snacks: An Ancient Andean Crop in Puno, Peru
Authors: Mindani Carmen , Baldeón Edwin O. , Ibáñez Vladimiro , Calizaya Fredy , Taipe Carmen , Zegarra Jorge , Pozo Melvin
Published: October 2024

The growing global demand for healthy, gluten-free snacks has driven the food industry to explore innovative products that fit consumer preferences. This study focused on developing a gluten-free, energy-dense, and crunchy snack called Quispiño, made from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), an ancient crop native to the Andes and particularly significant in Puno, Peru. Natural and desaponified quinoa samples were compared, revealing decreased carbohydrate content (69.75 g to 64.02 g per 100 g) and protein content (13.27 g to 12.90 g per 100 g) after desaponification. Moisture remained around 11.5%, while fiber content significantly decreased in the desaponified quinoa (from 4.39 g to 2.76 g per 100 g). The extrusion process influenced the color of the extrudates, reducing the L* value (from 75.28 to a range of 63.70–69.12), indicating darkening due to the Maillard reaction. Moisture in the extrudates ranged from 3.08% to 6.12%, while firmness varied between 7.25 N and 25.86 N, significantly influencing extrusion temperature. The water solubility index (WSI) ranged from 0.17% to 71.61%, with high values attributed to starch dextrinization during extrusion. The water absorption index (WAI) showed a significant increase, highlighting the physical changes induced by extrusion. The sectional expansion index (SEI) also varied considerably, ranging from 7.33 to 13.08, reflecting the impact of the extrusion process on the final product structure. The optimal sample was identified and subjected to an acceptability test with an untrained panel of 45 evaluators who assessed flavor, color, odor, appearance, and texture. The best-performing treatment was further analyzed for proximate composition, calcium, and iron content to compare with the raw material. The results demonstrate the potential of quinoa as a key ingredient in developing new, expanded, gluten-free snacks that meet the growing demand for nutritious and appealing food products in the global market.