bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On asymorphisms of groups
Authors: Protasov Igor , Slobodianiuk Serhii
Published: September 2016

Let G, H be groups and let

κ

${{\kappa}}$

be a cardinal. A bijection

f
:

G
→
H

${f:G\to H}$

is called an asymorphism if, for any

X
∈

[
G
]

<
κ

${X\in[G]^{<{\kappa}}}$

,

Y
∈

[
H
]

<
κ

${Y\in[H]^{<{\kappa}}}$

, there exist

X
′

∈

[
G
]

<
κ

${X^{\prime}\in[G]^{<{\kappa}}}$

,

Y
′

∈

[
H
]

<
κ

${Y^{\prime}\in[H]^{<{\kappa}}}$

such that for all

x
∈
G

${x\in G}$

and

y
∈
H

${y\in H}$

, we have

f
⁢

(

X
⁢
x

)

⊆

Y
′

⁢
f
⁢

(
x
)

${f(Xx)\subseteq Y^{\prime}f(x)}$

,

f

-
1

⁢

(

Y
⁢
y

)

⊆

X
′

⁢

f

-
1

⁢

(
y
)

${f^{-1}(Yy)\subseteq X^{\prime}f^{-1}(y)}$

. For a set S,

[
S
]

<
κ

${[S]^{<{\kappa}}}$

denotes the set

{

S
′

⊆
S

:

|

S
′

|

<
κ

}

${\{S^{\prime}\subseteq S:|S^{\prime}|<{\kappa}\}}$

.
Let

κ

${{\kappa}}$

and γ be cardinals such that

ℵ
0

<
κ
≤
γ

${\aleph_{0}<{\kappa}\leq\gamma}$

.
We prove that any two Abelian groups of cardinality γ are

κ

${{\kappa}}$

-asymorphic, but the free group of rank γ is not

κ

${{\kappa}}$

-asymorphic to an Abelian group provided that either

κ
<
γ

${{\kappa}<\gamma}$

or

κ
=
γ

${{\kappa}=\gamma}$

and

κ

${{\kappa}}$

is a singular cardinal.
It is known [9] that if

γ
=
κ

${\gamma={\kappa}}$

and

κ

${{\kappa}}$

is regular, then any two groups of cardinality

κ

${{\kappa}}$

are

κ

${{\kappa}}$

-asymorphic.
Quasi-simple groups all of whose non-principal blocks are of defect zero
Authors: Li Tianze , Liu Yanjun
Published: September 2016

In this paper we characterize finite quasi-simple groups of p-deficiency class 1 (i.e., quasi-simple groups all of whose non-principal p-blocks are of defect zero) for an odd prime p.
A group of generalized finitary automorphisms of an abelian group
Authors: Dardano Ulderico , Rinauro Silvana
Published: September 2016

We study the group

IAut
⁡

(
A
)

${\operatorname{IAut}(A)}$

generated by the inertial automorphisms of an abelian group A, that is, automorphisms

γ

${{\gamma}}$

with the property that each subgroup H of A has finite index in the subgroup
generated by H and

H
⁢
γ

${H{\gamma}}$

. Clearly,

IAut
⁡

(
A
)

${\operatorname{IAut}(A)}$

contains the group

FAut
⁡

(
A
)

${\operatorname{FAut}(A)}$

of finitary automorphisms of A, which is known to be locally finite. In a previous paper, we showed that

IAut
⁡

(
A
)

${\operatorname{IAut}(A)}$

is (locally finite)-by-abelian. In this paper, we show that

IAut
⁡

(
A
)

${\operatorname{IAut}(A)}$

is also metabelian-by-(locally finite). More precisely,

IAut
⁡

(
A
)

${\operatorname{IAut}(A)}$

has a normal subgroup

Γ

${{\Gamma}}$

such that

IAut
⁡

(
A
)

/
Γ

${\operatorname{IAut}(A)/{\Gamma}}$

is locally finite and the derived subgroup

Γ
′

${{\Gamma}^{\prime}}$

is an abelian periodic subgroup all of whose subgroups are normal in

Γ

${{\Gamma}}$

. In the case when A is periodic,

IAut
⁡

(
A
)

${\operatorname{IAut}(A)}$

turns out to be abelian-by-(locally finite) indeed, while in the general case it is not even (locally nilpotent)-by-(locally finite). Moreover, we provide further details about the structure of

IAut
⁡

(
A
)

${\operatorname{IAut}(A)}$

.
A proximal iteratively regularized
Gauss–Newton method for nonlinear inverse problems
Authors: Fu Hongsun , Liu Hongbo , Han Bo , Yang Yu , Hu Yi
Published: September 2016

In this paper we discuss the construction, convergence analysis, and implementation of
a proximal iteratively regularized Gauss–Newton method for the solution of nonlinear inverse problems with a
specific regularization that linearly combines the

L
2

{L^{2}}

-norm and

L
1

{L^{1}}

-norm penalties.
This regularization combines two very powerful features:
the advantages of

L
1

{L^{1}}

-norm based penalty which impose less smoothing on the reconstruction parameter,
and the general

L
2

{L^{2}}

-norm stabilizing term which can lead to smaller errors in some cases.
However, non-linearity and non-smoothness of the problem make it challenging to find an efficient numerical solution.
By using the proximal mapping, we derive a generalization of the iteratively
regularized Gauss–Newton algorithm to handle such nonsmooth objective functions.
Analysis on local convergence is carried out in the presence of observation noise. Parameter identification in numerical simulations of partial differential equations demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed method.
Risky drinking among Norwegian students: associations with participation in the introductory week, academic performance and alcohol-related attitudes
Authors: Myrtveit Solbjørg Makalani , Askeland Kristin Gärtner , Knudsen Ann Kristin , Knapstad Marit , Skogen Jens Christoffer
Published: September 2016

AIMS – Substantial increase in heavy drinking upon transition from high school to college is common. Norwegian universities and university colleges arrange yearly introductory weeks to welcome new students. It has been questioned whether these events are too centered on alcohol. We aimed to investigate whether participation in the introductory week is associated with risky drinking (RD). We further aimed to investigate whether RD is associated with academic performance. Finally, we investigated whether alcohol-related attitudes are associated with both RD and introductory week participation. DESIGN – Data from the Norwegian study of students’ health and well-being (SHoT, 2014, n=13,663) were used. The odds ratio (OR) of RD was calculated for individuals having participated in the introductory week compared to others. Different measures of academic performance (having failed exams, study progression and study-related self-efficacy (SRSE)) were compared between individuals reporting RD compared to others. The association between attitudes and participation in the event and RD was investigated. RESULTS – Individuals having participated in the introductory week are more likely to report RD (OR (95%CI) = 2.41 (2.12-2.74)). Individuals reporting RD report lower SRSE and are more likely to have failed exams more than once. Study progression is unassociated with RD. Liberal alcohol-related attitudes are associated with participation in the event and RD. CONCLUSIONS – RD among students is associated with participation in the introductory week and with poorer academic performance. The university introductory week might be in danger of excluding individuals who do not drink much, or of promoting an unhealthy drinking culture among students.
Soil heat flux and air temperature as factors of radon (Rn-222) concentration in the near-ground air layer
Authors: Podstawczyńska Agnieszka , Pawlak Włodzimierz
Published: September 2016

A unique, highly time-resolved, and synchronous three-year dataset of near-surface atmospheric radon-222 as well as soil heat flux and air temperature measurements at two sites (rural and urban) in Central Poland are investigated. The recognition of temporal variability of Rn-222 and selected meteorological variables in the urban and rural areas served to create two statistical models for estimation of this radionuclide concentration at 2 m a.g.l. The description of the relationships between the variables for individual months was established on the basis of an exponential function and an exponential function with time derivative of predictor to account for the hysteresis issue. The model with time derivative provided better results. The weakest fitting of modelled data to empirical ones is observed for the winter months. During subsequent seasons, air temperature as well as QG-driven (soil heat flux) models exhibited very high agreement with the empirical data (MBE, RMSE, MAE, and ‘index of agreement’ by Willmott were used to evaluate the models). A restriction in the use of QG for Rn-222 concentration was observed only in winter in the case of snow cover occurrence, which reduces the daily QG variability.
Outdoor 222Rn behaviour in different areas of Slovakia
Authors: Holý Karol , Műllerová Monika , Bulko Martin , Holá Oľga , Melicherová Terézia
Published: September 2016

Radon activity concentration (RAC) in the outdoor atmosphere was monitored in four localities of Slovakia. The distance between the localities were up to 130 km. The localities had a diverse orography, ranging from flatland to hilly terrain. A significant influence of orography and 226Ra and 222Rn content in soil on diurnal time series of RAC was found. A simple approach of determining radon exhalation rate from soil based on the increase of RAC from daily minima to maxima and removal characteristic of radon is presented. A linear dependency between radon exhalation rate from the soil and RAC in the soil gas at a depth of 0.8 m was found for sandy soils.
Analysis of simultaneous time series of indoor, outdoor and soil air radon concentrations, meteorological and seismic data
Authors: Janik Mirosław , Bossew Peter
Published: September 2016

It is well known that the temporal dynamic of indoor and outdoor radon concentrations show complex patterns, which are partly not easy to interpret. Clearly, for physical reasons, they must be related to possibly variable conditions of radon generation, migration and atmospheric dispersion and accumulation. The aim of this study was to analyse long-time series of simultaneously measured indoor and outdoor radon concentrations, together with environmental quantities, which may act as control variables of Rn. The study was performed in Chiba, Japan, using two ionization chambers for parallel indoor and outdoor radon concentrations measurements over 4 years. Meteorological and seismic data were obtained from the Japan Metrological Agency (JMA).
The characteristics of radon and thoron concentration from soil gas in Shenzhen City of Southern China
Authors: Wang Nanping , Zheng Ling , Chu Xingming , Li Shijun , Yan Shouliang
Published: September 2016

Radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Rn) from soil gas are very significant factors that can affect the indoor radon level in the first floor or in the basement. China is one of the countries with the highest thorium content in the world. Therefore, it is very significant to study 222Rn/220Rn concentration in the soil in Shenzhen City (SC). A 222Rn/220Rn survey was performed using a portable radon monitor (model RAD7) at 69 sites, covered a total area of 1800 km2 in 2013 to get the original data for radon risk estimation in SC. The average values of 222Rn and 220Rn concentration of soil gas of the total 69 locations are 86 ± 72 kBq·m−3 and 118 ± 85 kBq·m−3, respectively. 222Rn/220Rn concentrations are related to geological lithology. 222Rn concentrations vary from 40 to 370 kBq·m−3 and from 15 to 118 kBq·m−3 in weathered granite products and sediments, respectively, while 220Rn concentrations are from 103 to 435 kBq·m−3 and 2.2 to 96 kBq·m−3. The higher 220Rn values were mainly observed at the sites covered by the weathered granite products. Comparing with the areas of high 222Rn concentration, the areas of high 220Rn values are larger. The distribution of 222Rn concentration in the vertical direction displays an exponential distribution mode, but there is no rule of 220Rn concentration. The investigation suggests that people should pay attention to 220Rn contribution in the radon mapping of SC, as well as in the indoor radon survey.
The natural radioactivity of the Carpathian national parks and radon evaluation
Authors: Maslyuk Volodymyr T. , Symkanich Olesya I. , Svatyuk Natalya I. , Parlag Oleg O. , Sukharev Sergij M.
Published: September 2016

The results of the low-background gamma spectrometric measurements of protected mountain areas (Zacharovanyy Kray, Chorne Bahno, Ihthyological Preserve Rika and Uzhanskij National Natural Park) in the region of Primeval Beech Forests of the Transcarpathia, Ukraine, are presented. The distances between sampling points in a single protected area were in the range of 200–400 m in elevation of 300 m; probes were taken from the surface, from depth 20 cm and more than 50 cm. The proposed sampling scheme allows one to investigate the radionuclide concentration in protected area’s soils, their distribution on/near the mountain ridges and migration in depth (0–50 cm). We also investigate the influence the soils’ pH on the contents and the migration of nuclides. The obtained data allow us to study the statistical regularities between the sampling points along and down mountain ridges on the base of their radionuclide content. These results are important for evaluating the radon content/distribution and developing standards in the radionuclide content of the soil Carpathian region.
Thoron emanation and exhalation of Slovenian soils determined by a PIC detector-equipped radon monitor
Authors: Jónás Jácint , Sas Zoltán , Vaupotic Janja , Kocsis Erika , Somlai János , Kovács Tibor
Published: September 2016

The health risk from thoron (Rn-220) is usually ignored owing to its short half-life (55.6 s), but the generated thoron decay products can cause a significant dose contribution. In this study, altogether 51 Slovenian soil samples were investigated using an accumulation chamber technique to obtain information about thoron exhalation features. The obtained (massic) thoron exhalation results varied between 6.9 and 149 mBq·kg−1·s−1 (average: 55.2 mBq·kg−1·s−1). The Th-232 content was determined using HPGe gamma spectrometry. The Th-232 activity concentration ranged between 9.3 and 161.7 Bq·kg−1 (average: 64.6 Bq·kg−1). The thoron emanation features were also calculated from the obtained results (2.9 to 21.2% with an average of 8.6%). The thoron exhalation and emanation properties were compared with the radon exhalation and emanation features determined in a previous study. It was found that there was no correlation between the radon and thoron emanation features, according to the obtained data. This can be explained by the different Ra-224 and Ra-226 distributions in the soil grains. As a result, the thoron emanation factor cannot be predicted from radon emanation and vice versa.
Improvement of interlaminar shear strength of 2.5D fabric laminated composites with short-cut web interlayer
Authors: Song Leilei , Li Jialu , Zhao Yufen , Chen Xiaoming , Chen Li
Published: September 2016

In this study, the short-cut web interlayer and three-dimensional (3D) needle-punched technique were used to improve the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of 2.5D fabric laminated composites. The ILSS was measured by the short beam testing method, and the tensile and bending tests were carried out to investigate the in-plane mechanical properties. Observations on microstructure and crack propagation were carried out. The damage mechanisms of different 2.5D fabric laminated composites were analyzed. The results showed that the short-cut web interlayer and 3D needle-punched technique resulted in the improvement of ILSS, and they affected the tensile and bending properties of 2.5D fabric laminated composites.
Recent advances in the manufacturing processes of functionally graded materials: a review
Authors: Parihar Rityuj Singh , Setti Srinivasu Gangi , Sahu Raj Kumar
Published: September 2016

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are engineered materials that are inhomogeneous and can be purposefully processed to obtain discrete or continuously varying compositions/microstructures over a definable geometrical length. FGMs can be used in a number of applications, such as aircrafts, combustion nozzles, gas turbines, energy conversion cells, biomaterials, etc. The objective of this paper is to review the new developments in production processes and their prospects in the creation of next-generation FGMs. Traditionally, four potential methods were used for fabrications of FGMs, i.e. powder metallurgy, chemical vapor deposition, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, and plasma spraying. Some of the recently developed methods are the cast-decant-cast process, friction stir processing, and laser-engineered net shaping, which are usually cost-effective and used to make a quiet change in properties. An effective production method for conversion of the concept of gradient into practice is still a challenge for the research community. In this paper, research works toward meeting these challenges will be highlighted, and the future scopes of investigation in this area will be explored.
Design and analysis with different substrate materials of a new metamaterial for satellite applications
Authors: Islam Sikder Sunbeam , Rahman Md Atiqur , Faruque Mohammad Rashed Iqbal , Islam Mohammad Tariqul
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we are presenting a new metamaterial unit cell for satellite applications. The unit cell of the metamaterial was designed on FR-4 substrate material. The transmission characteristics of the unit cell display resonance at the frequency of 3.45 GHz of S-band of microwave region, which is usually suited for satellite communications. We did further analysis on the material’s effective medium properties by replacing the substrate material with Rogers RT 6010, lossy polyimide and aluminum nitride substrate materials, and we achieved different promising electromagnetic properties including double negative characteristics within the same band as well. For all these analyses, the popular “CST Microwave Studio” simulation software was adopted. The proposed design gives fine controllability in different types of metamaterial just by changing the substrate material, and all are working in the same S-band microwave spectrum.
Optimization design, manufacturing and mechanical performance of box girder made by carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Yang Bin , Tong Lili , Chea Cheav Por
Published: September 2016

Optimization design and manufacturing play an important role in obtaining successful composite structures with high efficiency and safe use of materials. In this paper, we first present the optimization design procedure for a composite box girder by ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) in the ANSYS software. The input parameters used in the simulation work were determined via fundamental experimental tests of composite specimens. Then we manufactured the designed composite box girder by mold-pressing prepreg technology according to the optimization results. The finial composite girder structure composed of arch top, web and bottom composite plate was obtained. The optimization procedure indicated that the use of stiffening plates in a girder could decrease the weight and increase the failure load. The location and ply mode of the stiffening plates in girder were suggested. The three-point-bending test was performed on the girder, and the test indicated that load-carrying capacity in unit mass of the optimized girder was as high as 107.8 N/g. Simulation and experimental results match well, and the maximum and minimum stresses in each layer were within the strength limitation of carbon material after optimized in the procedure.
Contemporary approaches to a pedagogy of process
Authors: Peterson Thomas E.
Published: September 2016

This essay explores the bases for a process theory of learning applicable across the disciplines in today’s academy. First it traces the modern history of process pedagogy beginning with Kant and leading through Cassirer and Whitehead to an array of contemporary approaches that favor the symbiosis of art and science over the lingering Cartesian dichotomy of “subjective” mental processes and “objective” forms of knowledge. Second, it examines the case of science education, specifically as regards habit formation, ethical instruction, and qualitative research. Thinkers as diverse as Whitehead, Bourdieu, Serres, Latour, and Dewey are seen to oppose the neoscholastic myth of scientific objectivity and favor a language of relations that fosters an “anastomosis” between the disciplines. Lastly, the essay examines the pedagogical role played by logical abduction, as articulated by Peirce and developed further by later scholars. Thus the essay’s three sections – starting with the historical discussion, moving to the field-specific problem of science education, and finally the issue of abductive reasoning – reinforce one another and aim to exemplify the dynamic integration of the general and specific, of mind and nature, that is a goal of process pedagogy.
Seeing through the metaphor: The OECD quality toolbox for early childhood
Authors: Farquhar Sandy , Fitzsimons Peter
Published: September 2016

This paper explores the idea of metaphor as a persuasive device, using as an example a recent OECD publication purporting to be a quality toolbox for early childhood education and care. Leaving aside the problematic notion of quality, we argue that there is a serious problem with the idea of education as something that can be done with a toolbox, particularly in the formative stages of young children’s education. We suggest that the OECD selection of the toolbox as a metaphor is a way of inserting international economic imperatives into local government education policy, in ways that the citizenry is not aware of. As with any metaphor for education, the selection highlights some aspects while hiding others, a concealment that can’t be exposed by intensifying one’s gaze without a change in perspective. To examine the extent of what remains hidden by the toolbox, we engage in creative play with some different metaphors for education, arguing that particular metaphors may serve to obfuscate rather than clarify, an artifice that is not acceptable from a body as influential and far-reaching as the OECD.
Aufbau zur flächigen reflektrometrischen Schichtdickenbestimmung von lateral bewegten Schichtsystemen
Authors: Tremmel Anton J. , Rauscher Markus S. , Murr Patrik J. , Schardt Michael , Koch Alexander  W.
Published: September 2016

Zur flächigen Schichtdickenbestimmung von lateral bewegten Schichtsystemen wurde erstmals ein Messsystem basierend auf dem
reflektometrischen Messprinzip in Kombination mit einem Hyperspektralimager entwickelt. Eine Vorsatzoptik mit integriertem
Auflichtpfad formt eine Messlinie, deren Reflexion am Messobjekt auf den Eingangsspalt des Hyperspektralimagers abgebildet
wird. Aus den spektralen Daten der Reflektanz wird die Schichthöhe jedes örtlich auflösbaren Pixels des zu untersuchenden
Objekts rekonstruiert. Bewegt sich das Messobjekt lateral linear gleichförmig, ergeben zusammengesetzte Messlinien eine
Messfläche.
Simulationsgestützte Optimierung einer Computational-Kamera zur dichten Tiefenschätzung
Authors: Nürnberg Thomas , Zimmermann Christian , Puente León Fernando
Published: September 2016

Der Ansatz des Computational Imagings bezeichnet bei der Bildgewinnung die Erweiterung der sonst üblicherweise
rein digitalen Signalverarbeitung auf die Optik. Dies eröffnet die Möglichkeit, physikalisch bedingte Barrieren
konventioneller Kameras zu umgehen. Das Raytracing-Verfahren als Simulationsverfahren der Bildgewinnung erlaubt die
einfache und realitätsnahe Simulation neuartiger Kamerakonzepte und hilft dabei, deren Potenzial und Grenzen zu
ermitteln. Dieser Beitrag stellt das Vorgehen zur Simulation und Optimierung einer Computational-Kamera am Beispiel
der dichten Tiefenschätzung nach dem Depth-from-Defocus-Prinzip vor. Das Tiefenschätzverfahren beruht auf der
Bestimmung des Grads der Unschärfe im Bild durch die Schätzung der optischen Übertragungsfunktion mit einer
spektralen Entfaltung. Die Ergebnisse einer simulationsgestützten vollständigen Suche nach rotationssymmetrischen
Blenden zeigen, dass insbesondere ringförmige Blenden eine um bis zu 25% höhere Trennbarkeit
unterschiedlicher Tiefen im Vergleich zu klassischen kreisförmigen Blenden ermöglichen.
30 Jahre Arbeitskreis der Hochschullehrer für Messtechnik e. V. (AHMT)
Authors: Schrüfer Elmar , Tränkler Hans-Rolf
Published: September 2016

Vom 15. bis 16. September 2016 findet an der Leibniz Universität Hannover das XXX. Messtechnische Symposium des
Arbeitskreises der Hochschullehrer für Messtechnik (AHMT) statt. Gastgeber ist das Institut für Grundlagen der
Elektrotechnik und Messtechnik, Fachgebiet Sensorik und Messtechnik. Aus diesem Anlass soll hier ein Überblick über die
Historie und die Arbeiten des AHMT gegeben werden.
Screening and characterization of thermostable fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens EGE-B-2d.1 / Bacillus amyloliquefaciens EGE-B-2d.1’den termostabil fibrinolitik enzimin taranması ve karakterizasyonu
Authors: Slem Birkan , Gezgin Yüksel , Eltem Rengin
Published: September 2016

Objective: To screen fibrinolytic enzyme-producing Bacillus isolates (n=210) and to characterize of thermostable fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens EGE-B-2d.1 that had the highest level of fibrinolytic activity together with the highest thermostability.

Methods: Firstly, a total of 210 isolates were screened for their fibrinolytic enzyme production. The potent fibrinolytic enzyme producing isolates were evaluated for the thermostability of their fibrinolytic enzymes and one isolate showing prominent fibrinolytic activity was identified as molecular. Fermentation process was carried out on the isolate that had both the highest level of fibrinolytic activity and enzyme thermostability. The thermostable fibrinolytic enzyme from this isolate was then purified and characterized.

Results: The fibrinolytic enzyme activities of 21 Bacillus sp. isolates in Nutrient Yeast Salt Medium were found to be in the range of 0.176-1.734 U/ml. The fibrinolytic activity of the enzyme purified from the culture supernatant of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens EGE-B-2d.1 was relatively stable at pH 7.0-11.0 for 24 h and also showed stability at a temperature of 60°C for 60 min. The enzyme degraded the fibrin clots by direct fibrinolysis. The specific activity and the molecular weight of the purified enzyme were estimated to be 44.46 units/mg protein and 30 kD respectively.

Conclusion: The thermostable fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens EGE-B-2d.1 was purified and characterized. This enzyme might also be used as a natural agent for oral fibrinolytic therapy or thrombosis prevention.
First Record of Saga pedo (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) in Muntenia (Southern Romania)
Authors: Iorgu Ionuţ Ştefan , Iorgu Elena Iulia
Published: September 2016

Although occupying a vast area, the distribution range of Saga pedo is f ragmented and populations are small, severely threatened by habitat destruction and pollution. In Romania, the species is known to occur in xeric and semi–xeric meadows from Dobrogea, Eastern Moldavia, Transylvania and Banat. During a short trip in late June 2014, we found three nymphs of Saga pedo at Berca Mud Volcanoes, the first record of the species in the historical region of Muntenia (Southern Romania).
Doddiella Kieffer: a Peculiar Genus of Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera), New to the Iranian Fauna
Authors: Fallahzadeh Majid , Popovici Ovidiu
Published: September 2016

Doddiella kiefferiPriesner, 1951 (Hymenoptera, Platygastroidea) is here redescribed and illustrated to facilitate its identification. This is the first record of the peculiar genusDoddiellaKieffer, 1913 from Iran. The specimens were collected by Malaise traps from Fars province in southern Iran during 2012 and 2013. Iran is the north–eastern limit in the distribution of this species.
Andricus glutinosus (Giraud, 1859) (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae): New Record for the Romanian Fauna
Authors: Viciriuc Mădălina I. , Manci Cosmin O. , Fusu Lucian
Published: September 2016

Andricus glutinosus(Giraud, 1859) is recorded for the first time from Romania. Galls were collected in Bozovici (Caraș–Severin County), Troaș and Vârfurile (Arad County), Almășel and Certeju de Sus (Hunedoara County).
The Second Confirmed Station for Carabus hungaricus (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Romania
Authors: Popescu Irinel Eugen , Iorgu Ionuţ Ştefan
Published: September 2016

Carabus hungaricus is a typical steppic species declining throughout its range from Central Europe to Eastern Siberia, sharing the fate of the temperate grasslands, being listed in the Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC) (Annexes II and IV) and protected in most countries of occurrence. The populations are isolated, fragmented and even facing extinction. In the spring of 2014, we observed and photographed one female of Carabus hungaricus in “Coridorul Jiului” Natura 2000 site (ROSCI0045), in an area with sandy grasslands near Murta locality (Dolj County), this being the second currently confirmed station for Carabus hungaricus in Romania.
Results of Interlaboratory Test Programs to Assess the Precision of Inclusion Ratings by Methods A, C, and D of ASTM E45
Authors: Vander Voort G. F.
Published: September 2016

Over the years, ASTM Committee E4 on metallography has conducted interlaboratory test programs to evaluate the precision and bias associated with measurements of microstructure using proposed and existing test methods. ASTM decided in the late 1970s that all test methods that generated numerical data must have a precision and bias section defining the repeatability and reproducibility of the method. Defining bias associated with a test method is difficult unless there is an absolute known value for the quantity being measured and this is not possible when microstructural features are being measured. This paper shows the results for an interlaboratory test using Method A, “worst-field” ratings of inclusions in steels using the original Plates I and III of ASTM E45, using Method C, a worst-field rating using Plate II; and, using Method D, a quantitative approach where every field is rated using Plates I and III. The results from nine people who were reported to be qualified, regular users of the method revealed consistent problems of misclassification of inclusion types and a wide range of severity ratings for each specimen. The test results using an image analyzer will be compared to that of the manual raters.
Microstructural Analysis of a Failed Cu-Cr-Ti-Zr Thrust Chamber Liner of a Cryogenic Engine
Authors: Narayana Murty S. V. S. , Manwatkar Sushant K. , George Mathew , Ramesh Narayanan P.
Published: September 2016

During the routine testing of a cryogenic engine, failure of a copper alloy (Cu-Cr-Ti-Zr) liner was noticed which led to the test abort. On close inspection of the liner, a circumferential crack with a length of 78 mm was observed on the divergent side of the thrust chamber. Roughening of the inner wall of the thrust chamber was noticed at the cracked location and extended circumference. Thinning of the copper liner wall was observed at the location of the crack indicating plastic yielding of the material at the location of failure. Fracture surface observations by scanning electron microscopy revealed features of material flow and softening at many locations indicative of exposure of fracture surface to high temperature after failure. Further, striation marks were noticed on the fracture surface indicative of fatigue. Very fine recrystallized grains were noticed in optical microscopy at the location of the crack. This is attributed to dynamic recrystallization occurring during deformation at high temperatures. Strain markings and slip bands were noticed in the interior of grains near the fracture edge. Based on extensive microstructural analysis of the failed hardware, it is concluded that the throat of thrust chamber failed due to “thermal ratcheting.”
Gain- and Loss-Related Brain Activation Are Associated with Information Search Differences in Risky Gambles: An fMRI and Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: Häusler Alexander Niklas , Oroz Artigas Sergio , Trautner Peter , Weber Bernd
Published: September 2016

People differ in the way they approach and handle choices with unsure outcomes. In this study, we demonstrate that individual differences in the neural processing of gains and losses relates to attentional differences in the way individuals search for information in gambles. Fifty subjects participated in two independent experiments. Participants first completed an fMRI experiment involving financial gains and losses. Subsequently, they performed an eye-tracking experiment on binary choices between risky gambles, each displaying monetary outcomes and their respective probabilities. We find that individual differences in gain and loss processing relate to attention distribution. Individuals with a stronger reaction to gains in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex paid more attention to monetary amounts, while a stronger reaction in the ventral striatum to losses was correlated with an increased attention to probabilities. Reaction in the posterior cingulate cortex to losses was also found to correlate with an increased attention to probabilities. Our data show that individual differences in brain activity and differences in information search processes are closely linked.
Vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) prevents age-related deterioration of trabecular bone microarchitecture at the tibia in postmenopausal women
Authors: Rønn Sofie Hertz , Harsløf Torben , Pedersen Steen Bønløkke , Langdahl Bente Lomholt
Published: September 2016

Objective

Clinical studies suggest that vitamin K2 protects against bone loss and fractures; however, its effect on bone quality has never been investigated. We investigated the effect of vitamin MK-7 on undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), and bone mass and quality.

Design

We conducted a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial.

Methods

We investigated the effect of MK-7 375 µg for 12 months on bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bone microarchitecture measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) and biochemical bone turnover markers in 148 postmenopausal women with osteopenia. All of them were supplemented with calcium and vitamin D.

Results

ucOC decreased in the MK-7 group (−65.6 (59.1; 71.0) %) (median (CI)) compared with the placebo group (−6.4 (−13.5; 1.2) %) after 3 months (P < 0.01). HRpQCT after 12 months demonstrated that trabecular number in tibia was unchanged in the MK-7-group (−0.1 ± 1.9%) (mean ± s.d.) and decreased in the placebo group (−3.5 ± 2.2%), trabecular spacing was unchanged in the MK-7 group (+1.2 ± 8.0%) and increased in the placebo group (+4.5 ± 9.7%), and trabecular thickness was unchanged in the MK-7 group (+0.2 ± 1.7%) and increased in the placebo group (+4.0 ± 2.2%) (between-group changes for all: P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in HRpQCT-derived parameters at the radius or in BMD at any site.

Conclusion

The changes in bone microarchitecture in the placebo group are consistent with the age-related deterioration of trabecular structure, with a loss of trabeculae and a greater mean thickness of the remaining trabeculae. This suggests that vitamin MK-7 preserves trabecular bone structure at the tibia.
On the convergence of double Fourier integrals of functions of bounded variation on ℝ2
Authors: Ghodadra Bhikha Lila , Fülöp Vanda
Published: September 2016

We investigate the pointwise and uniform convergence of the symmetric rectangular partial (also called Dirichlet) integrals of the double Fourier integral of a function that is Lebesgue integrable and of bounded variation over ℝ2. Our theorem is a two-dimensional extension of a theorem of Móricz (see Theorem 3 in [10]) concerning the single Fourier integrals, which is more general than the two-dimensional extension given by Móricz himself (see Theorem 3 in [11]).
Approximation by k-th order modifications of Szász—Mirakyan operators
Authors: Acar Tuncer , Aral Ali , Raşa Ioan
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we study the k-th order Kantorovich type modication of Szász—Mirakyan operators. We first establish explicit formulas giving the images of monomials and the moments up to order six. Using this modification, we present a quantitative Voronovskaya theorem for differentiated Szász—Mirakyan operators in weighted spaces. The approximation properties such as rate of convergence and simultaneous approximation by the new constructions are also obtained.
A Hungarian war hero, factory founder and refugee in the United States — Tivadar Rombauer
Authors: Koudela Pál , Yoo Jin-il
Published: September 2016

Tivadar Rombauer was a less well-known, but important personality in Hungarian history. His entrepreneur career contains several business and technological innovations in iron industry, among which the foundation of the Metallurgical Factory in Ózd stands out. During the Revolution and War of Independence his role for managing arms supply nationwide is rarely emphasized by the regular commemorations of the most important historical momentum in Hungarian collective remembrance, although its relevance is undisputable. His Protestant Saxon origin interweaved with his patriotism resulted a typical Hungarian middle-class civic virtue, which never disappeared in later generations in the US, after his obligate immigration. In this study we scope on both the origins and influence of this valuesystem detailing Rombauer’s life-span, complemented with the family roots and some descendants’ fates.
Sartorial heroism and nation-building: Female cross-dressing in nineteenth-century Hungarian fiction (a case study)
Authors: Török Zsuzsa
Published: September 2016

The article investigates the uses of the motif of the Warrior Women in János Arany’s epic poetry. The author of the article claims that the motif of the Warrior Women in Arany’s poetical discourse stemmed from the romantic literary tradition of the 1820–1830s. Furthermore, she argues that an old Scottish ballad, purportedly known by János Arany, provided the pattern that had been imitated by the Hungarian poet. Hence, the romantic image of the Hungarian Warrior Woman has become a highly symbolic and propagandistic content in Arany’s poetry during the 1850s. It reveals a genuine nineteenth-century endeavour of the nation-building process in order to promote the nation’s ready-to-fight patriotic women as models to be followed.
Fighting "Change" in Congressional Campaigns
Authors: Adkins Randall E. , Dulio David A.
Published: September 2016

The results of the 2008 election cycle were historic. After all of the votes were tallied, Senator Barack Obama garnered more votes than his principal opponent, Senator John McCain. Although the election brought the first African-American president to Washington, there is a lot more to the story. Congressional campaigns are often overshadowed by the presidential campaign and thereby left out of the post-election discussion. This is a mistake. Campaigns for House and Senate seats are just as important to how the nation will move ahead on serious issues in the coming years. Congress, after all, is responsible for delivering to President Obama the legislation that makes up his agenda. In 2008 congressional Democrats increased their margins in both the House and the Senate and returned the Democratic Party to unified control of government. The articles in this special issue of the American Review of Politics examine six important congressional campaigns and help tell the story of the 2008 election, beyond Barack Obamas historic victory.
Incumbency is No Advantage: Michigan's 7th Congressional District
Authors: Dulio David A. , Klemanski John S.
Published: September 2016

In the four elections from 2002 through 2008, four different candidates were elected to the United States House of Representatives seat representing the Michigan’s 7th congressional district. Such turnover is rare in U.S. House races, where a large majority of incumbents easily win reelection and many districts are not considered to be competitive. In fact, the 7th district is the only one in the nation that has seen this type of turnover in this four-election span. The turnover in representation has occurred even though the district has been considered a leaning Republican district after both the 1992 and 2002 re-districting plans went into effect. The district’s turnover in representatives is due in part to the nature of the district and its voters, but also because of the candidates in each election, and a combination of events that began after the 2002 election.
Burning the Midnight Oil: Clandestine Behavior, Hard Work, or Strategic Rush in Congressional Voting?
Authors: Ardoin Phillip J.
Published: September 2016

While the vast of majority voting in Congress occurs during regular working hours, two percent of the recorded votes and eleven percent of Key Votes each session over the last 15 years have occurred late into the evening. The purpose of this research is to examine this unique set of votes that members of Congress cast while burning the midnight oil. Although these late night votes represent only a small percentage of roll-call votes, they are clearly important to members of Congress, or at least their leaders, who are extremely busy. Roll-call votes scheduled late in the evening undoubtedly interfere with members’ regular schedules, and no member wants to spend their night on the hill after a long day of Washington work. The results of our analyses indicate the majority of late night voting can be explained by the strategic rush hypothesis which suggests members burn the midnight oil prior to long recesses and also later in the week in order to return to their constituents. We also find late night voting may be the result of an over burdened legislature. Finally, our results confirm the growing power of Congressional leaders, particularly in the House, to utilize and even abuse the legislative schedule to meet their policy and reelection goals.
Trust, Race, and Welfare Reform in the American States
Authors: Hedge David M. , Johnson Renée J. , Yun Hyun Jung
Published: September 2016

Scholars are rediscovering the social context of politics and governing, including race, trust, and, if recent elections are a guide, America’s “culture wars.” Social capital that network of social relations and the accompanying norms of trust and reciprocity is very much to the point of those dynamics. Evidence from the first round of welfare reform in the late 1990s is used to explore the relationship between elements of social capital, race and state welfare policy choices. The evidence from the welfare case suggests that one element of social capital, generalized trust, often has an independent effect on welfare policies. States with higher levels of trust are more likely to adopt welfare policies that rely on “carrots” rather than “sticks” to move individuals off welfare and into jobs. At the same time the evidence makes it clear that the influence of trust is very much conditioned by racial considerations, most notably the racial composition of welfare caseloads.
PERFORMANCE OF BLACKBERRY CULTIVARS IN CERRO AZUL - PR
Authors: CROGE CAMILA PEREIRA , CUQUEL FRANCINE LORENA , BIASI LUIZ ANTONIO , BONA CLAUDINE MARIA DE
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Blackberry has the potential to be grown in subtropical climates, requiring phenological studies for the indication of cultivars adapted to this type of climate. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the phenological behavior of four blackberry cultivars, as well as to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits produced in mesothermal subtropical climate (Cfa), with more focus on the recommendation of cultivars adapted to this region. The largest production cycle and the best productions and yields were obtained for Guarani cultivar and larger fruits were presented by Tupy cultivar. The best relationship between titratable acidity and soluble solids was presented by Cherokee cultivar.
Ultrasound evaluation of the morphometric patterns of lymph nodes of the head and neck in young and middle-aged individuals
Authors: Ogassavara Beatriz , Tucunduva Neto Raul Renato , Souza Romeu Rodrigues de , Tucunduva Maria José
Published: September 2016

Abstract Objective: To show the morphometric patterns of lymph nodes of the head and neck, evaluating their number, shape, dimensions, hilum, and cortex, through the use of ultrasound examination of the neck. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 400 right and left lymph nodes in a group of 20 healthy young and middle-aged individuals of both genders. Results: In the ultrasound examination, we observed the following lymph nodes: mastoid; parotid (superficial, extraglandular, and intraglandular); submandibular (preglandular, retroglandular, and intracapsular); submental; and cervical (anterior and posterior). Although some individuals had up to seven lymph nodes in the same region, most had only two to three per region. The smallest lymph node diameter observed was 0.4 cm, and the largest was 2.7 cm. Most lymph nodes showed an elongated or oval shape. Most of the lymph node hila were echogenic, although a few were hyperechoic. However, the cortex was clearly hypoechoic in all of the lymph nodes evaluated. Conclusion: Ultrasound examination of healthy individuals allowed the characteristics of the lymph nodes of the head and neck to be observed clearly, which could provide a basis for the analysis of patients with diseases of these lymph nodes.
Evidência de que o fungo Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA adaptado à Urochloa na Colômbia mantém ampla gama de hospedeiros incluindo o milho
Authors: Poloni Nadia Maria , Molina Lina Maria Ramos , Mesa Edisson Chavarro , Garcia Izabela Lopes , Ceresini Paulo Cezar
Published: September 2016

RESUMO O fungo Rhizoctonia solani grupo de anastomose AG-1 IA emergiu como patógeno importante associado à queima foliar, podridão do coleto e morte de pastagens do gênero Urochloa (braquiária) na América do Sul. Neste estudo objetivou-se determinar se a adaptação de R. solani AG-1 IA à Urochloa spp. na Colômbia promoveu diferenças fenotípicas de agressividade a hospedeiros distintos. Testou-se a hipótese de que as populações do patógeno adaptadas à Urochloa não são hospedeiro-especializadas e, desta forma, não estão geneticamente isoladas, mantendo assim ampla gama de hospedeiros, incluindo as fabáceas feijão caupi e soja. Determinou-se, também, se dois grupos de isolados obtidos de populações de R. solani AG-1 IA amostradas de Urochloa na Colômbia tinham potencial adaptativo para emergir como patógeno do milho. Além do nível de agressividade da doença em diferentes hospedeiros, determinou-se os componentes de evolutibilidade como o coeficiente de variância genotípica (IG), de variância ambiental (IE) e a herdabilidade (h2). Concluiu-se que: i) A adaptação de R. solani AG-1 IA à Urochloa spp. não promoveu diferenças fenotípicas de agressividade em hospedeiros distintos e, desta forma, o patógeno mantêm ampla gama de hospedeiros; ii) A população de R. solani AG-1 IA de Urochloa híbrido Mulato da Colômbia tem potencial adaptativo para emergir como patógeno do milho.
MENTAL HEALTH AMBULATORY: WEAKNESSES POINTED OUT BY PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Paiano Marcelle , Maftum Mariluci Alves , Haddad Maria do Carmo Lourenço , Marcon Sonia Silva
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify the weaknesses of the mental health ambulatory service from the professionals' perspective. This was a qualitative study, developed by the Fourth Generation Evaluation method. Data were collected during February and March 2013 with the use of non-participant observation, individual opened interviews and group technique for the negotiation session. The informants were 12 working professionals at the ambulatory. The results pointed out weaknesses in the organizational structure of the healthcare network in mental health, especially regarding accessibility, physical structure and the presence of extensive waiting list for care. Regarding human resources, issues included: ignorance of the operation of the mental health network and of the activities performed, medical turnover, deficiency in training and continuous education and professional devaluation. It is necessary to reflect on the real role of ambulatories within the mental health network and its effectiveness in providing care.