bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on an external adjustment method for RPECT roll profiles based on the segmented cooling principle
Authors: Yang Tingsong , Wang Yingwei , Wang Haijun , Hai Yang , Du Fengshan
Published: December 2021

Roll profile electromagnetic control technology (RPECT) is a new strip flatness control technology that changes roll gap shape by controlling the roll profiles of electromagnetic control rolls (ECRs). To address the randomness of the flatness defect locations, this paper proposes an external adjustment method for RPECT roll profiles based on the segmented cooling principle. Based on the layout of the cooling areas and electromagnetic sticks, an electromagnetic-thermal-structural coupled model is established to analyse roll profile variations. The results show that symmetrically changing the cooling intensities of the different cooling areas can increase or decrease the roll crown of the ECR, while asymmetrically changing the cooling intensities of the different cooling areas can change the position of the maximum bulging point of the ECR. Variations in the component cooling ratio coefficient impact the effects of different cooling strategies, which needs to be considered when selecting the cooling strategy configuration scheme. Compared the maximum bulging values, radial temperature gradients and axial temperature gradients of different electromagnetic stick (ES) structures, the regulation law reverses when the length of the ES is too small, and the variation of the law is very small. Therefore, different ES structures have different segmented cooling regulation characteristics.
Einfluss von Bewegungstherapie auf sexuelle Dysfunktionen bei Patienten mit Prostatakarzinom als Begleitung (oder nach) medizinischer Tumorbehandlung – Ein systematisches Review
Authors: Böwe Rebecca , Beuth Josef
Published: December 2021

Hintergrund Sexuelle Dysfunktionen sind Lebensqualität mindernde Nebenwirkungen von Standardtherapien bei Prostatakarzinom.

Ziel Diese Untersuchung erfasst den aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Kenntnisstand bezüglich Effektivität von Bewegungstherapie zur Kompensation sexueller Dysfunktionen in Folge von Standardtherapien bei Prostatakarzinom.

Methode Systematisches Review in Anlehnung an „Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses“ (PRISMA). Die Literaturrecherche wurde von 2 unabhängigen Gutachter*innen in den Datenbanken Pubmed und PEDro durchgeführt. Eingeschlossen wurden Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) mit dem American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Evidenzlevel I, die sexuelle Funktionen von Patienten mit standardtherapierten Prostatakarzinom unter Bewegungstherapie evaluieren.

Ergebnisse 17 Publikationen mit 1175 Patienten mit Prostatakarzinom erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien. 11 Studien berichten signifikante Verbesserungen der sexuellen Funktionen durch Bewegungstherapie.

Schlussfolgerung Da die Mehrzahl der Studien nicht vergleichbar war, ist keine generalisierte Aussage bezüglich der Wirksamkeit von Bewegungstherapie möglich. Weitere kontrollierte Studien sind unabdingbar, um den Einfluss von Bewegungstherapie auf sexuelle Dysfunktion bei Patienten mit Prostatakarzinom unter Standardtherapien aufzuzeigen.
Follikuläres Lymphom
Authors: Braitmaier Helmine
Published: December 2021

Patienten mit follikulärem Lymphom (FL) sprechen in der Regel gut auf die Standard-Therapie an. Dennoch verläuft die Erkrankung bei etwa jedem fünften Patienten aggressiv und verschlechtert sich innerhalb von 2 Jahren nach der Diagnose. Neue Therapieansätze könnten in Zukunft die Prognose für rückfällige Patienten verbessern, sagte Prof. Kai Hübel, Köln, auf dem 9. Sommersymposium „Lymphome & Leukämien“ 2021 der Universitätsklinik Köln.
Akute myeloische Leukämie
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: December 2021

Die Heterogenität der akuten myeloischen Leukämie (AML) erfordert eine differenzierte Strategie bei Therapieentscheidungen und prognostischen Einschätzungen. Die retrospektive Analyse von 314 Patienten mit neu diagnostizierter IDH-mutierter AML ergab genetische und klinische Zusatzparameter, die mit dem Verlauf assoziiert waren. Eine besondere Bedeutung hatte das Nucleophosmin-1-Gen (NPM1).
Pituitary Adenomas Associated with Intracranial Aneurysms: the Clinical Characteristics, Therapeutic Strategies, and Possible Effects of Vascular Remodeling Factors
Authors: Ogawa Yoshikazu , Watanabe Mika , Tominaga Teiji
Published: December 2021

Background Pituitary adenoma coexists with intracranial aneurysms in 2.3 to 3.6% of cases, and intracranial aneurysms are thought to be incidental. On the other hand, older age and cavernous sinus invasion are reported to increase the rate of coexistence, so these two diseases may be related.

Methods Ten males and 14 females with the coexistence of pituitary adenomas and intracranial aneurysms were retrospectively investigated among 923 patients (2.6%). Patients were subdivided into two groups: those with direct attachment of cerebral aneurysms to the pituitary adenomas and those without direct attachment. The clinical characteristics, therapeutic strategies, and possible effects of vascular remodeling factors were investigated.

Results Twelve patients had functioning pituitary adenomas, and cavernous sinus invasion was identified in 7 of 24 patients. Five of these 7 patients were treated with priority for the cerebral aneurysm until 2007, whereas 14 of 17 patients without involvement of the aneurysm tip in the tumor were treated with priority for the pituitary adenoma in the later period. Among vascular remodeling factors, strong expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was significantly associated with the coexistence of pituitary adenoma and cerebral aneurysm (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Intracranial aneurysms were found to coexist in 2.6% of cases of surgically treated pituitary adenomas. VEGF-induced arterial wall remodeling may be part of the mechanism of association between pituitary adenomas and cerebral aneurysms, suggesting possible causative mechanism.
Is Every Patient of Hair Loss a Candidate for Hair Transplant?—Deciding Surgical Candidacy in Pattern Hair Loss
Authors: True Robert H.
Published: December 2021

Patterned hair loss which includes both male pattern hair loss (MPHL) or androgenic alopecia (AGA) and female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is the most common indication for hair transplant surgery. However, not all such patients are candidates for hair transplants. There are eight conditions that cause patients to not be appropriate candidates. These are: diffuse unpatterned alopecia (DUPA), cicatricial alopecia (CA), patients with unstable hair loss, patients with insufficient hair loss, very young patients, patients with unrealistic expectations, patients with psychologic disorders such as body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and trichotillomania, and patients who are medically unfit. In addition, there are patients who are poor candidates and who should undergo hair transplantation only if they understand and accept limited results. The key to identifying these patients involves performing careful and detailed history and examination at the time of consultation.
Association between Brachycephaly, Chiari Malformation, and Basilar Invagination
Authors: Botelho Ricardo Vieira , Botelho Pedro Bittencourt , Hernandez Bruna , Sales Mauricio Bezerra , Rotta José Marcus
Published: December 2021

Background There is evidence that Chiari malformation (CM) and basilar invagination (BI) are largely due to disproportion between the content and volume of the posterior fossa. A recent study identified an increased association between brachycephaly and BI. In several types of craniosynostosis, the posterior fossa volume is smaller than normal, and this is more pronounced in coronal synostosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between CM and BI.

Methods The cephalic index (CI) measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from a sample of patients with craniocervical malformation was compared with that of normal subjects.

Results The average CI in the craniovertebral junction malformation (CVJM) group was significantly higher in BI patients than in normal subjects. The BI patients also had the highest CI among the whole sample of patients (p = 0.009).

Conclusions In this study, BI patients had the highest CI among patients with CVJM and a significantly higher CI than those in the control group. Our data confirm the association between BI and brachycephaly.
A Novel Heterozygous ANO3 Mutation in a Child Presenting Tremor with Dystonia and Review of the Literature
Authors: Korkmaz Muhammet Furkan , Ekici Arzu , Görükmez Orhan
Published: December 2021

Mutations in ANO3 have recently been identified as an autosomal dominant cause of dystonia (dystonia-24). Since then, the phenotypic spectrum has also been extended in children. Here, we reported a case of a 10-year-old Turkish girl child patient with a novel variant (NM_001313726: c.221dupA, p.Tyr74*), who exhibited tremor with mild dystonia. This report expands the phenotype caused by ANO3 variants and reveals an essential clinical aspect for patients and medical staff.
Simulations of rolling white blood cells provide basis for drug carriers in the bloodstream
Authors: Cockshott Anne
Published: December 2021

Modeling white blood cell rolling dynamics allows real-time observations of blood, contributes to the development of drug microcarriers
High-flying birds need more wingbeats to stay aloft
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: December 2021

A computer model examining multiple strategies for staying aloft at high altitudes suggests birds are best served by flapping their wings more frequently.
InP photonic integrated multi-layer neural networks: Architecture and performance analysis
Authors: Shi Bin , Calabretta Nicola , Stabile Ripalta
Published: December 2021

We demonstrate the use of a wavelength converter, based on cross-gain modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), as a nonlinear function co-integrated within an all-optical neuron realized with SOA and wavelength-division multiplexing technology. We investigate the impact of fully monolithically integrated linear and nonlinear functions on the all-optical neuron output with respect to the number of synapses/neuron and data rate. Results suggest that the number of inputs can scale up to 64 while guaranteeing a large input power dynamic range of 36 dB with neglectable error introduction. We also investigate the performance of its nonlinear transfer function by tuning the total input power and data rate: The monolithically integrated neuron performs about 10% better in accuracy than the corresponding hybrid device for the same data rate. These all-optical neurons are then used to simulate a 64:64:10 two-layer photonic deep neural network for handwritten digit classification, which shows an 89.5% best-case accuracy at 10 GS/s. Moreover, we analyze the energy consumption for synaptic operation, considering the full end-to-end system, which includes the transceivers, the optical neural network, and the electrical control part. This investigation shows that when the number of synapses/neuron is >18, the energy per operation is <20 pJ (6 times higher than when considering only the optical engine). The computation speed of this two-layer all-optical neural network system is 47 TMAC/s, 2.5 times faster than state-of-the-art graphics processing units, while the energy efficiency is 12 pJ/MAC, 2 times better. This result underlines the importance of scaling photonic integrated neural networks on chip.
Genotypic variability of grain phytic acid, mineral bioavailability, and their relation to foliar Zn application
Authors: Su Da , Muneer Muhammad Atif , Cai Yuanyang , Saddique Muhammad Abu Bakar , Cheng Fangmin
Published: December 2021

Phytic acid (PA) is the most prevalent storage form of grain phosphorus (P) and acts as an anti-nutrient by lowering mineral bioavailability. Genotypic variation of grain PA and its relation to mineral bioavailability, and their nutritional fortification potential with zinc (Zn) supply has not been fully investigated in pigmented rice. Here, we compared the differences in grain PA concentration and mineral bioavailability among 13 pigmented rice (red, yellow, and green rice) and six non-pigmented rice cultivars (three common white rice and their corresponding low-PA (lpa) mutant). Pigmented rice was enriched with micronutrients, especially Zn and Fe, on an average of 39.1 and 44.8 mg kg−1 as compared with 31.9 and 33.1 mg kg−1 in non-pigmented rice respectively. The lpa cultivars showed the highest bioavailability for most of the minerals. However, no significant difference was observed for mineral bioavailability between pigmented and common white rice, owing to higher anti-nutritional PA in pigmented rice (9.25 g kg−1) than in common white rice (8.29 g kg−1). However, a large difference in grain PA was found among green rice (11.19 g kg−1), yellow rice (9.82 g kg−1) and red rice (8.56 g kg−1) cultivars. Therefore, foliar Zn was used to investigate PA concentration and Zn bioavailability. Foliar Zn application increased grain Zn but decreased grain PA concentration, which ultimately increased grain Zn bioavailability. Zn application had a remarkable effect on Zn bioavailability for red rice (an average of 82%) as compared with common white rice (48%). These findings could provide helpful knowledge for pigmented rice fortification.
Estimating and validating koala
Authors: Law Brad , Gonsalves Leroy , Burgar Joanna , Brassil Traecey , Kerr Isobel , Wilmott Lachlan , Madden Kylie , Smith Martin , Mella Valentina , Crowther Mathew , Krockenberger Mark , Rus Adrian , Pietsch Rod , Truskinger Anthony , Eichinski Phil , Roe Paul
Published: December 2021

Context It is notoriously difficult to estimate the size of animal populations, especially for cryptic or threatened species that occur in low numbers. Recent advances with acoustic sensors make the detection of animal populations cost effective when coupled with software that can recognise species-specific calls. Aims We assess the potential for acoustic sensors to estimate koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, density, when individuals are not identified, using spatial count models. Sites were selected where previous independent estimates of density were available. Methods We established acoustic arrays at each of five sites representing different environments and densities of koalas in New South Wales. To assess reliability, we compared male koala density estimates derived from spatial count modelling to independently derived estimates for each site. Key results A total 11 312 koala bellows were verified across our five arrays. Koalas were detected at most of our sample locations (96–100% of sensors; n = 130), compared with low detection rates from rapid scat searches at trees near each sensor (scats at <2% of trees searched, n = 889, except one site where scats were present at 69% of trees, n = 129). Independent estimates of koala density at our study areas varied from a minimum of 0.02 male koalas ha−1 to 0.32 ha−1. Acoustic arrays and the spatial count method yielded plausible estimates of male koala density, which, when converted to total koalas (assuming 1:1 sex ratio), were mostly equivalent to independent estimates previously derived for each site. The greatest discrepancy occurred where the acoustic estimate was larger (although within the bounds of uncertainty) than the independent mark–recapture estimate at a fragmented, high koala-density site. Conclusions Spatial count modelling of acoustic data from arrays provides plausible and reliable estimates of koala density and, importantly, associated measures of uncertainty as well as an ability to model spatial variations in density across an array. Caution is needed when applying models to higher-density populations where home ranges overlap extensively and calls are evenly spread across the array. Implications The results add to the opportunities of acoustic methods for wildlife, especially where monitoring of density requires cost-effective repeat surveys.
Pulvinaria pistaciae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: December 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Pulvinaria pistaciae
Bodenheimer. Hemiptera: Coccidae. Hosts: pistachio (
Pistacia vera
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), Europe (Cyprus, Greece, Ukraine).
Sophonia orientalis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: December 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Sophonia orientalis
(Matsumura). Hemiptera: Cicadellidae. Hosts: polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Guizhou, Zhejiang, India, Japan, Pakistan, Singapore, Taiwan), Europe (Gibraltar, Portugal, Madeira, Spain, Canary Islands), United States (California, Florida, Hawaii, Texas), Oceania (French Polynesia).
Glycaspis brimblecombei
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: December 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Glycaspis brimblecombei
Moore. Hemiptera: Aphalaridae. Hosts:
Eucalyptus
spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Algeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Reunion, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), Asia (Israel, Syria, Turkey), Europe (Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Corsica, Gibraltar, Greece, Crete, Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Montenegro, Portugal, Spain, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands), North America (Mexico, United States, Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, New Zealand), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Bahia, Espirito Santo, Distrito Federal, Goias, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Parana, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela).
Half-mode substrate integrated plasmonic waveguide for filter and diplexer designs
Authors: Cui Yue , Xu Kai-Da , Guo Ying-Jiang , Chen Qiang
Published: December 2021

A half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) combined with spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) structure is proposed to realize bandpass filter (BPF) characteristic and miniaturization, which is termed as the half-mode substrate integrated plasmonic waveguide (HMSIPW). Compared with the conventional HMSIW structure having identical cutoff frequency, this new design of HMSIPW not only supports SSPP modes, but also realizes a transversal size reduction of 19.4% and longitudinal reduction of more than 60%. Then, a diplexer based on two back-to-back placed HMSIPW BPFs is designed, and it has only one row of metallized via holes to further reduce the transversal size. The experimental prototypes of the filters and diplexer have been manufactured, and the measurement results agree well with simulation ones. Due to the size miniaturization and simple structure, the proposed designs will have many potentials in the integrated devices and circuits for wireless communication systems.
Nuclear level densities away from line of β-stability
Authors: Ghosh T , Maheshwari B , Sangeeta  , Saxena G , Agrawal B K
Published: December 2021

The variation of total nuclear level densities (NLDs) and level density parameters with proton number (Z) are studied around the β-stable isotope, Z
0, for a given mass number. We perform our analysis for a mass range A = 40 to 180 using the NLDs from popularly used databases obtained with the single-particle energies from two different microscopic mass-models. These NLDs which include microscopic structural effects such as collective enhancement, pairing and shell corrections, do not exhibit inverted parabolic trend with a strong peak at Z
0 as predicted earlier. We also compute the NLDs using the single-particle energies from macroscopic–microscopic mass-model. Once the collective and pairing effects are ignored, the inverted parabolic trends of NLDs and the corresponding level density parameters become somewhat visible. Nevertheless, the factor that governs the (Z − Z
0) dependence of the level density parameter, leading to the inverted parabolic trend, is found to be smaller by an order of magnitude. We further find that the (Z − Z
0) dependence of NLDs is quite sensitive to the shell effects.
Kinetics and selectivity of methane oxidation on an IrO2(110) film
Authors: Lee Christopher J , Vashishtha Saumye , Shariff Mohammed , Zou Fangrong , Shi Junjie , Meyer Randall J , Weaver Jason F
Published: December 2021

Undercoordinated, bridging O-atoms (Obr) are highly active as H-acceptors in alkane dehydrogenation on IrO2(110) surfaces but transform to HObr groups that are inactive toward hydrocarbons. The low C–H activity and high stability of the HObr groups cause the kinetics and product selectivity during CH4 oxidation on IrO2(110) to depend sensitively on the availability of Obr atoms prior to the onset of product desorption. From temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS) and kinetic simulations, we identified two Obr-coverage regimes that distinguish the kinetics and product formation during CH4 oxidation on IrO2(110). Under excess Obr conditions, when the initial Obr coverage is greater than that needed to oxidize all the CH4 to CO2 and HObr groups, complete CH4 oxidation is dominant and produces CO2 in a single TPRS peak between 450 and 500 K. However, under Obr-limited conditions, nearly all the initial Obr atoms are deactivated by conversion to HObr or abstracted after only a fraction of the initially adsorbed CH4 oxidizes to CO2 and CO below 500 K. Thereafter, some of the excess CH
x
groups abstract H and desorb as CH4 above ∼500 K while the remainder oxidize to CO2 and CO at a rate that is controlled by the rate at which Obr atoms are regenerated from HObr during the formation of CH4 and H2O products. We also show that chemisorbed O-atoms (‘on-top O’) on IrO2(110) enhance CO2 production below 500 K by efficiently abstracting H from Obr atoms and thereby increasing the coverage of Obr atoms available to completely oxidize CH
x
groups at low temperature. Our results provide new insights for understanding factors which govern the kinetics and selectivity during CH4 oxidation on IrO2(110) surfaces.
Poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles-delivered β-nerve growth factor promotes the neurite outgrowth and reduces the mortality in the rat after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wang Yu , Jia Feng , Lin Yong
Published: December 2021

Several transport vectors, including nanoparticles, have been reported to be used for the delivery of therapeutic medicines crossing the impermeable blood-brain barrier (BBB) to treat the diseases in the central nerve system (CNS), such as traumatic brain injury (TBI). Poly(n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanoparticles, made from biocompatible material, are regarded as a better potential delivery tool than others such as gold nanoparticles due to their degradability in vivo. However, little is known whether PBCA nanoparticles can be used to deliver neurotrophic factors into the brain to treat TBI. In this study, we first synthesized PBCA-carried β-nerve growth factor, a neurotrophic agent with a large molecular weight, and then intravenously injected the compound into TBI rats. We found that despite undergoing several synthesis steps and host circulation, β-NGF was able to be successfully delivered into the injured brain by PBCA nanoparticles, still maintain its neurotrophic activity for neurite outgrowth, and reduce the mortality of TBI rats. Our findings indicate that PBCA nanoparticles, with Tween 80, are an efficient delivery vector and a protective reservoir for large molecular therapeutic agents to treat TBI intravenously.
Certifying position-momentum entanglement at telecommunication wavelengths
Authors: Achatz Lukas , Ortega Evelyn A , Dovzhik Krishna , Shiozaki Rodrigo F , Fuenzalida Jorge , Wengerowsky Sören , Bohmann Martin , Ursin Rupert
Published: December 2021

The successful employment of high-dimensional quantum correlations and its integration in telecommunication infrastructures is vital in cutting-edge quantum technologies for increasing robustness and key generation rate. Position-momentum Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement of photon pairs are a promising resource of such high-dimensional quantum correlations. Here, we experimentally certify EPR correlations of photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a nonlinear crystal with type-0 phase-matching at telecommunication wavelength for the first time. To experimentally observe EPR entanglement, we perform scanning measurements in the near- and far-field planes of the signal and idler modes. We certify EPR correlations with high statistical significance of up to 45 standard deviations. Furthermore, we determine the entanglement of formation of our source to be greater than one, indicating a dimensionality of greater than 2. Operating at telecommunication wavelengths around 1550 nm, our source is compatible with today’s deployed telecommunication infrastructure, thus paving the way for integrating sources of high-dimensional entanglement into quantum-communication infrastructures.
Inflation story: slow-roll and beyond
Authors: Hazra Dhiraj Kumar , Paoletti Daniela , Debono Ivan , Shafieloo Arman , Smoot George F. , Starobinsky Alexei A.
Published: December 2021

We present constraints on inflationary dynamics and features
in the primordial power spectrum of scalar perturbations using the
Cosmic Microwave Background temperature, polarization data from
Planck 2018 data release and updated likelihoods. We constrain the
slow-roll dynamics using Hilltop Quartic Potential and Starobinsky
R + R
2 model in the Einstein frame using the Planck 2018 binned
Plik likelihood. Using the Hilltop as base potential, we
construct Whipped Inflation potential to introduce suppression in
the scalar power spectrum at large angular scales. We notice
marginal (68% C.L.) preference of suppression from the large scale
temperature angular power spectrum. However, large-scale E-mode
likelihood based on high frequency instrument cross spectrum, does
not support this suppression and in the combined data the preference
towards the suppression becomes negligible. Based on the Hilltop and
Starobinsky model, we construct the Wiggly Whipped Inflation
potentials to introduce oscillatory features along with the
suppression. We use unbinned data from the recently released
CamSpec v12.5 likelihood which updates Planck 2018
results. We compare the Bayesian evidences of the feature models
with their baseline slow-roll potentials. We find that the complete
slow-roll baseline potential is moderately preferred against
potentials which generate features. Compared to Planck 2015
PlikHM bin1 likelihood, we find that the significance of
sharp features has decreased owing to the updates in the data
analysis pipeline. We also compute the bispectra for the best fit
candidates obtained from our analysis.
Using a multi-messenger and multi-wavelength observational strategy to probe the nature of dark energy through direct measurements of cosmic expansion history
Authors: Qi Jing-Zhao , Jin Shang-Jie , Fan Xi-Long , Zhang Jing-Fei , Zhang Xin
Published: December 2021

In the near future, the redshift drift observations in optical and radio bands will provide precise measurements on H(z) covering the redshift ranges of 2<z<5 and 0<z<0.3. In addition, gravitational wave (GW) standard siren observations could make measurements on the dipole anisotropy of luminosity distance, which will also provide the H(z) measurements in the redshift range of 0<z<3. In this work, we propose a multi-messenger and multi-wavelength observational strategy to measure H(z) based on the three next-generation projects, E-ELT, SKA, and DECIGO, and we wish to see whether the future H(z) measurements could provide tight constraints on dark-energy parameters. The dark energy models we consider include ΛCDM, wCDM, CPL, HDE, and IΛCDM models. It is found that E-ELT, SKA1, and DECIGO are highly complementary in constraining dark energy models. Although any one of these three data sets can only give rather weak constraints on each model we consider, the combination of them could significantly break the parameter degeneracies and give much tighter constraints on almost all the cosmological parameters. Moreover, we find that the combination of E-ELT, SKA1, DECIGO, and CMB could further improve the constraints on dark energy parameters, e.g., σ(w
0)=0.024 and σ(w
a)=0.17 in the CPL model, which means that these three promising probes will play a key role in helping reveal the nature of dark energy.
Studies on impurity seeding and transport in edge and SOL of tokamak plasma
Authors: Raj Shrish , Bisai N. , Shankar Vijay , Sen A. , Ghosh Joydeep , Tanna R.L. , Chowdhuri Malay B. , Jadeja K.A. , Assudani Kumudni , Macwan Tanmay Martin , Aich Suman , Singh Kaushlender
Published: December 2021

We present numerical simulation studies on impurity seeding using nitrogen, neon, and argon gases. These impurity gases are ionized by the electron impact ionization. These ions can be at multiply ionized states, recombine again with the plasma electrons, and radiate energy. The radiation losses are estimated using a non-coronal equilibrium model. A set of 2D model equations to describe their self-consistent evolution are derived using interchange plasma turbulence in the edge and SOL regions and solved using BOUT++. It is found that impurity ions (with single or double-positive charges) move in the inward direction with a velocity ∼0.02c
s
so that these fluxes are negative. These fluxes are analyzed for different strengths of an effective gravity that help to understand the impurity ion dynamics. Increased gravity shows an accumulation of certain charged species in the edge region. The radiation loss is seen to have a fluctuation in time with frequency 5–20 kHz that closely follows the behavior of the interchange plasma turbulence. The simulation results on the radiated power and its frequency spectrum compare favourably with observations on the Aditya-U tokamak. The negative fluxes of the impurity ions, their dynamics in the edge region, and the fluctuating nature of the radiation loss are the most important results of this work.
Estimation of Total Suspended Sediment Solid in Porong River Waters Using Multitemporal Satellite Imagery
Authors: Ghuvita Hadi Z N , Hariyanto T , Hayati N
Published: December 2021

Monitoring the concentration of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) is one method to determine water quality, because a high TSS value indicates a high level of pollution. Remote sensing data can be used effectively in generating suspended sediment concentrations. Nowdays, Google Earth Engine platform has provided a large collection of remote sensing data. Therefore, this study uses Google Earth Engine which is processed for free and aims to calculate the TSS value in the Kali Porong area. This research was conducted multitemporal in the last ten years, namely from 2013-2021 using multitemporal satellite imagery landsat-8 and sentinel-2 by applying empirical algorithms for calculating TSS. The results of this study are the value of TSS concentration at each sample point and a multitemporal TSS concentration distribution map. The year 2016, 2017, and 2021, the distribution of TSS concentration values was higher than in other years. At the sample point, the lowest TSS concentration value was 16.55 mg/L in 2013. Meanwhile, the highest TSS concentration value of 266.33 mg/L occurred in 2014 precisely in the Porong River estuary area which is the border area between land and water. the sea so that a lot of TSS material is concentrated in the area due to waves and ocean currents.
Three-dimensional Tomography of Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbances from the 2016 West Sumatera Earthquake
Authors: Rahayu R W , Cahyadi M N , Muslim B , Anjasmara I M , Handoko E Y , Muafiry I N
Published: December 2021

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a navigation system that uses satellite signals to determine its position, which consists of several satellites arranged in a constellation system. GNSS transmits signals to receivers on Earth. The GNSS receiver determines the user’s position, speed, and time by processing the signals transmitted by the satellites. The initial purpose of launching the GNSS was for navigation purposes, but along with its development, GNSS can be used for the purposes of observing deformation of the earth’s crust and in studying the atmosphere. The delayed wave data when passing through the ionosphere can be used to obtain Total Electron Content (TEC) values which then used to study ionospheric disturbances. Ionospheric disturbances are caused by various phenomena, the most common one is the ionospheric disturbances caused by the induction of acoustic and gravitational waves excited by co seismic crustal motions from large earthquakes. Ionospheric disturbances that happened before an earthquake are called Pre-seismic Ionospheric Disturbances and those that occur after an earthquake are called Co-seismic Ionospheric Disturbances (CID). Most studies of ionospheric disturbances still provide information on the timing and value of TEC anomalies in 2D form. Therefore, in this study, a 3D ionosphere profile modelling using computed 3D tomography will be carried out. The 3D information provided is in the form of time, ionosphere altitude and TEC anomaly value by utilizing GNSS data. The TEC anomaly value is obtained from the calculation of linear combination of the ionosphere. This study aims to obtain a spatial and temporal analysis of the CID caused by the West Sumatra Earthquake on March 2, 2016.
Web-Based Online Post-Processing GNSS Service InaCORS BIG for Mapping Control Point Positioning for Channel or Road Design
Authors: Masykur Muchammad , Handoko Eko Yuli , Susilo
Published: December 2021

One of the stages in the topographical mapping work is the measurement of the horizontal control framework, which is currently almost all done using GNSS satellite technology. The online post-processing services provided by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency (BIG) are called xpos-InaCORS. Using this service, measurements are possible using only 1 GNSS receiver can be used for measurement and obtained of the mapping control framework. This research was conducted to determine the accuracy of the online post-processing method by xpos-InaCORS BIG when used as a control point for the mapping of the route of the channel or road which tends to be elongated with a 3rd order (SNI 19-6724-2002). The coordinates of the results of the online processing calculation are compared with the results of the static differential method, which is calculated using commercial software (Leica Infinity). The results showed that at this location, observations for 15 minutes on each benchmark were able to produce an accuracy of 1 centimeter, and to comply with the qualifications of order 3rd SNI, observations must be a minimum duration of 75 minutes. The cost of observation on the online post-processing method requires 60% of the static differential. Observation at 75 minutes resulted in an average accuracy of northing (N) = 15mm and easting (E) = 8mm.
Geoid Modelling of Kalimantan Island using Airborne Gravity Data and Global Geoid Model (EGM2008)
Authors: Udama Zahroh Arsy , Anjasmara Ira Mutiara , Pahlevi Arisauna Maulidyan , Osman Anas Sharafeldin Mohamed
Published: December 2021

The availability of geoids, especially in survey and mapping activities, is useful for transforming the geometric heights obtained from observations of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) into orthometric heights that have real physical meanings such as those obtained from waterpass measurements. If a geoid is available, the orthometric heights of points on earth can be determined using the GNSS heighting method. The use of modern survey and mapping instruments based on satellite observations such as GNSS is more efficient in terms of time, effort, and cost compared to the accurate waterpass method. According to the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency (BIG) it is stated that the application of geoid as a national Vertical Geospatial Reference System has an adequate and ideal category if the accuracy is higher than 15 cm. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to generate local geoid models with centimetre accuracy by utilizing airborne gravity data. We calculate free-air gravity anomaly data is calculated by processing airborne gravity and GNSS data using the Stokes Integral method on AGR software. Next a geoid model is created by calculating the contribution of three components, namely the long wave component represented by the EGM2008 global geoid data model, the shortwave component represented by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data and the medium wave component represented by the free-air gravity anomaly data. The geoid model validation was carried out using the geoid fitting method for geoid accuracy by calculating the difference between the gravimetric geoid and the geometric geoid and comparing it with the global geoid model EGM2008 degrees 2190. As a result, the total geoid model accuracy value was determined to be 49.4 cm on gravimetric geoid undulations with a standard deviation of 7.1 cm. Meanwhile, the results of the EGM2008 geoid undulation accuracy test at 2190 degrees resulted in an accuracy of 51.9 cm with a standard deviation of 9.9 cm. These results indicate that the local geoid model from airborne gravity measurement data produces a geoid model with a higher accuracy than the global geoid model EGM2008 degrees 2190. However, the accuracy of the resulting data is still below the BIG standard of 15 cm, so further research is needed to produce a geoid model which conforms to the standard.
Atmospheric phase delay correction of PS-InSAR to Monitor Land Subsidence in Surabaya
Authors: Ulma Toifatul , Anjasmara Ira Mutiara , Hayati Noorlaila
Published: December 2021

Atmospheric phase delay is one of the most significant errors limiting the accuracy of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) results. In this research, we used the Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service for InSAR (GACOS) data to correct the tropospheric delay modeling from the persistent scatterers’ InSAR monitoring. Eighty-one (81) Sentinel-1A images and tropospheric delay maps from GACOS monitored land subsidence in Surabaya city between 2017 and 2019. InSAR processing was carried out using the GMTSAR software, continued with StaMPS and TRAIN, which were used to correct the tropospheric delay of PSInSAR-derived deformation measurements. The results before and after the atmospheric phase delay correction using GACOS were confirmed and analyzed in the main subsidence area. The findings of the experiments reveal that the atmospheric phase affects the mean LOS velocity results to some extent. The average difference between PS-InSAR before and after tropospheric correction is 1.734 mm/year with a standard deviation of 0.550 mm/year. The significance test of the two variables, 95%, showed that the tropospheric correction with GACOS data could affect the PS-InSAR results. Furthermore, GACOS correction may increase the error at some points, which could be due to its turbulence data’s low accuracy.
Assessment of high-degree reference models and Recent Goce/Grace Global Geopotential Models over Sudan based on the GPS/Leveling data
Authors: Osman Anas Sharafeldin Mohamed , Anjasmara Ira Mutiara , Ruby Abdelrahim , Udama Zahroh Arsy
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) can be used as a reference to develop more detailed regional/local geoids, or they can be used to provide geoid heights on their own. Since 2000, several GGMs have been released, and they are mainly derived from satellite gravity measurements, satellite-only models, terrestrial gravimetry, altimeter-derived gravity data in marine areas, and airborne gravity data. With a precise geoid model, ellipsoidal heights obtained from GPS can be converted to orthometric heights, which is reasonably quite needed in Geodesy, Civil Engineering, etc. These heights reflect changes in topography as well as local variations in gravity. This paper evaluates some of the latest releases of high degree reference models and the satellite-only global gravity field model over Sudan using 19 GPS/Leveling stations. We have been selected 6 GGMs based on Gravity field Goce and Grace, and they released in 2020, 2019, 2014, 2008, and 1996 as shown in the International Centre for Global Earth Models website (ICGEM). The accuracy evaluation of the GGM models have been discussed, the accurate GGMs over Sudan are XGM2019e_2159 and GOCO05s, which have indicated -0.019 and 0.046 meters, respectively. The evaluation results produce valuable information to academia and geoid modeling research topics in Sudan, which shows the precise model from the selected GGMs in Sudan by using the available GPS/Leveling data.
Integrating GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process to Determine Flood Vulnerability Level in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Nurwatik  , Cahyono A B , Rachmandafitri A O
Published: December 2021

Flood is one of the hydrometeorological disasters that occur in Surabaya, especially during the rainy season. The occurrence of floods brings a huge impact on the economy, the environment, and humans’ losses. Based on the National Disaster Management Agency in Indonesia (BNPB) records, the flood inundation height in Surabaya reach about 10 -70 cm for 6 hours. Some anticipation efforts are required to minimize the impact. Therefore, this study aims to provide a flood vulnerability level assessment using the GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method as a priority recommendation in increasing capacity. This research uses 4 criteria in the assessment including social, economic, physical, and environmental. Each criterion is divided into several classes with adjusted scoring values. The results of the AHP rank the social criteria as the highest weighted value of 0.42322. Furthermore, the results of the flood vulnerability assessment yield some areas that have the highest vulnerability value including Trengilismejoyo District, Wonocolo District, Dukuhpakis District, Sukolilo District, Krembangan District, Semampir District, and Benowo District.
Determining Suitable Locations for Regional Waste Final Processing Site (WFP) Using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) (Case Study: Malang City and Malang Regency)
Authors: Budisusanto Yanto , Nurwatik  , Zhaqdavyan Dani Ilham
Published: December 2021

Garbage or waste is basically a residual material resulting from human activities and natural processes that have no economic value anymore. The volume of waste in Malang City and Malang Regency every year always increases, so the existing waste final processing site will no longer be able to accommodate the pile of garbage. Therefore the Malang City Government plans to collaborate with the Malang Regency Government in making an integrated regional waste landfill and processing site. In this study, an analysis of the determination of the appropriate location for regional waste final processing for Malang City and Malang Regency was carried out using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. The SAW method is a weighted summation method, which can make a more precise assessment, based on the predetermined criteria and preference weights. Preference weights were determined by pairwise comparison method. The criteria used are geological hazardous areas, distance from drinking water sources, land slope level, distance from settlements, protected areas and distance from airports. The final result in this study is a map of the appropriate location for a regional waste final processing site and an analysis of the location for the best regional final processing site. The location map is classified into three, namely: not feasible with a total area of 54,774.33 ha, less feasible with a total area of 170,846.49 ha and feasible with a total area of 130,096.63 ha.
Drought Hazard Modelling of Klaten Regency Central Java Using AHP and TOPSIS Method
Authors: Nugrahani Meiga , Santosa Purnama Budi
Published: December 2021

According to information of areas at high risk of drought provided by Central Java disaster risk assessment in 2016 - 2020, Klaten Regency is in the top ten at high risk of drought in Central Java. Drought is an annual disaster in this region, which usually occurs during the dry season. The impact of the drought has caused some areas to experience a lack of clean water. For the purpose of disaster mitigation in anticipating and minimizing drought disasters losses, it is necessary to analyze the level of drought with a decision-making system by comparing two methods, namely the AHP with TOPSIS. Both methods are decision-making methods that are composed of various criteria to obtain an alternative sequence of choices. Both the AHP and TOPSIS methods produces weight values and a positive ideal solution value, respectively. These are used as input data in the mapping of drought vulnerability analysis with Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The results of the analysis are visualized with a map that shows the level of drought vulnerability. AHP and TOPSIS method decision making generates the order of the drought classes in predicting the distribution of areas experiencing drought. To validate the model, the authors compare the results of the analysis of drought vulnerability of the two methods with drought data from BPBD (Local Agency for Disaster Prevention) and DPUPR (Public Works and Public Housing Department). The results show that AHP provides better results than TOPSIS based on results validation with BPBD and DPUPR data. By comparing the two models with BPBD data, the results show that the percentage of AHP suitability is higher than TOPSIS at 47,619% and 19,048% respectively.
Determination of hydraulic resistance of channels using spectral geometry methods
Authors: Baron Alexander
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we propose a new method for calculation of hydraulic resistance of channels with constant cross-section. The method is based on the obtained estimates for the average energy dissipation rate in a turbulent flow. The first part of the paper is devoted to theoretical justification of the method. The second part is devoted to calculation of hydraulic resistance of various channels using the above-mentioned method and comparison of these values with the known results. The proposed method allows for calculation of hydraulic resistance of various channels with sufficiently high accuracy and is based only on the information about the channel geometry.
Progress in design, nanofabrication and performance of metalenses
Authors: WANG Zhenghao , WU Yongling , QI Dongfeng , YU Wenhui , ZHENG Hongyu
Published: December 2021

Metalens has been shown to overcome the diffraction limit of conventional optical lenses to achieve sub-wavelength resolution. Due to its planar structure and lightweight, metalens has the potential applications in the manufacture of flat lenses for cameras and other high resolution imaging optics. However, currently reported metalenses have low focusing efficiencies: 26% - 68% in THz and GHz range, 1% - 91% in near infrared range (NIR), and 5% - 91.6% in the visible range. Far field imaging in the visible light is essential for use in camera and mobile phones, which requires a complex metalens structure with multi-layers of alternating metal and dielectric layers. Most of the reported metalenses work in a single wavelength, mainly due to the high dispersion characteristics of the diffractive metalenses. It remains a challenge to realize high resolution imaging for a wide wavelength band in particular in the visible range. In this review, we report the state-of-the-art in metalens design principle, types of nanoscale structures, and various fabrication processes. We introduce femtosecond laser direct writing based on two-photon polymerization as an emerging nanofabrication technology. We provide an overview of the optical performance of the recently-reported metalenses and elaborate the major research and engineering challenges and future prospects.