bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of HLA-DQB1*0501 with Scleroderma and its Clinical Features in Chinese Population
Authors: Zhou X.D. , Yi L. , Guo X.J. , Chen E. , Zou H.J. , Jin L. , Mayes M.D. , Assassi S. , Wang J.C.
Published: January 2017

Specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1 alleles confer strong susceptibility to systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, the frequencies of specific DQB1 alleles and their associations with SSc vary according to ethnicity and clinical features of SSc. The aim of this study was to profile DQB1 alleles in a Chinese population and to identify specific DQB1 alleles in association with SSc of Han Chinese. A cohort containing 213 patients with SSc and 239 gender-matched and unrelated controls was examined in the study. The HLA-DQB1 genotyping was performed with sequence-based typing (SBT) method. Exact p-values were obtained (Fisher's test) from 2×2 tables of allele counts or allele carriers and disease status. Seventeen DQB1 alleles were found in the cohort. DQB1*03:03 was the most common allele in this cohort. DQB1*05:01 was significantly increased in SSc, and was strongly associated with anticentromere autoantibodies (ACA). Compared with SSc in other ethnic populations, SSc patients of Han Chinese are distinct in association with DQB1*06:11, common in association with DQB1*05:01, but lack association with DQB1*03:01. In addition, DQB1*06:01 appeared more common in ATA-positive Chinese SSc, and marginally associated with pulmonary fibrosis, and an increased frequency of DQB1*03:03 was observed in anti-U1RNP-positive Chinese SSc patients.
First-Line Chemotherapy with Liposomal Doxorubicin Plus Cyclofosfamide in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Case Report of Early and Prolonged Response
Authors: Riccardi F. , Mocerino C. , Barbato C. , Ambrosio F. , Festino L. , Vitale M.G. , Carrillo G. , Trunfio M. , Minelli S. , Cartenì G. ,   On behalf of the Breast Unit, Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
Published: January 2017

The treatment choice for metastatic breast cancer should consider the appropriate balance between efficacy and toxicity of the therapy. We discuss a clinical case with an early response and prolonged to liposomal anthracyclines-based chemotherapy, without cardiotoxicity, enhancing the evidence of safety of liposomal formulation to prevent heart damage. Moreover, the case seems to be of interest for the role of 18F-FDG-PET in clinical response assessment: an early decrease of the standardized uptake value value, even before conventional imaging evaluation, is highly predictive for prolonged clinical response.
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus Induced by Carbamazepine: A Case Report
Authors: Pranteda G. , Muscianese M. , Grimaldi M. , Fidanza L. , Pranteda G. , Narcisi A. , Nisticò S. , Bottoni U.
Published: January 2017

We report a case of Lichen Sclerosus in a 73-year-old man who had been treated for epilepsy with carbamazepine. Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA), also called lichen sclerosus (LS), is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous condition characterized by white plaques with epidermal atrophy and scarring. To date no cases of LSA has been linked to carbamazepine, although in a few cases lichenoid eruptions but without sclero-atrophy have been described after exposure to this drug. Therefore, to our knowledge, this is the first report of a Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus induced by carbamazepine
Improvement of a Rapid Screening Test for Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Iacobini M. , Duse M. , Di Coste A. , Balducci L.
Published: January 2017

Diagnosis of CGD is made by demonstrating absent or markedly reduced oxidase activity in stimulated neutrophils. The screening test proposed is based upon the naked eye evaluation of the reduction of NBT on a solid surface. It seems to be a useful tool for rapid and inexpensive detection of CGD patients, especially for large-scale screening purposes. The test was carried out on forty-five subjects: two males affected by CGD, three female carriers and forty healthy donors. The test confirmed the results obtained with flow cytometric and NBT assays.
Different Subsets of Circulating Angiogenic Cells Do not Predict Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia or other Diseases of Prematurity in Preterm Infants
Authors: Borghesi A. , Massa M. , Campanelli R. , Garofoli F. , Longo S. , Cabano R. , Mazzucchelli I. , Tzialla C. , Gavilanes A.W.D. , Gazzolo D. , Manzoni P. , Bollani L. , Spinillo A. , Rosti V. , Stronati M.
Published: January 2017

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease occurring in very and extremely preterm infants undergoing mechanical ventilation. Given the altered lung vascular growth characterizing BPD, circulating angiogenic cells could be useful biomarkers to predict the risk. The objective of the study was to determine whether the percentages of circulating angiogenic cells (CD34+VEGFR-2+, CD34+CD133+VEGFR-2+, and CD45-CD34+CD133+VEGFR-2+ cells), assessed in the peripheral blood at birth by flow cytometry, could be used as markers for the risk of BPD. In one-hundred and forty-two preterm neonates (gestational age < 32 weeks and/or birth weight < 1500 g) admitted to our tertiary care Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between 2006 and 2009, we evaluated the percentages of circulating angiogenic cells at birth, at 7 days, and, in a subset of infants (n=40), at 28 days of life. The main outcome was the correlation between cell counts at birth and the subsequent risk of developing BPD. In our study, all the three cell populations failed to predict the development of BPD or other diseases of prematurity. We suggest that these cells cannot be used as biomarkers in preterm infants, and that research is needed to find other early predictors of BPD.
Expression of Thioredoxins and Glutaredoxins in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Correlation to Cell Proliferation, Tumor Size and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Mollbrink A. , Jawad R. , Vlamis-Gardikas A. , Edenvik P. , Isaksson B. , Danielsson O. , Stål P. , Fernandes A.P.
Published: January 2017

Thioredoxins (Trx) and glutaredoxins (Grx) are thiol oxidoreductases that are ubiquitously expressed, and are involved in several biological processes. The expression of thioredoxins and glutaredoxins is induced in many neoplasms, and correlates with prognosis in gallbladder and colorectal carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression pattern of these proteins (redoxins) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to correlate their levels with clinical features. Paraffin-embedded tissues from 25 patients resected for HCC and 15 patients resected for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) liver metastases were analyzed with immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that Trx1, Trx2 and Grx5 were upregulated in HCCs as compared to the respective surrounding liver. In comparison, almost all redoxins were upregulated in CRC liver metastases, with Trx1 and Grx3 being significantly more increased in the CRC liver metastases than in the primary HCC tumors. In HCC, Trx1 correlated significantly with cell proliferation, and with a trend towards increased levels with micro-vascular invasion, while expression of Trx2 decreased with tumor size. Trx1 levels were lower in tumors of males, smokers, and patients with high alcohol consumption. Grx2 levels were significantly higher in patients with metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, this study illustrates specific correlations of individual redoxins to clinical features of HCC, and implicates the redoxins in the pathogenesis of HCC.
Unsweetened Natural Cocoa Has Anti-Asthmatic Potential
Authors: Awortwe C. , Asiedu-Gyekye I.J. , Nkansah E. , Adjei S.
Published: January 2017

Unsweetened natural cocoa powder is enriched with nutraceutical abundance of anti-asthmatic compounds theobromine and theophylline. Cocoa powder, which is prepared after removal of the cocoa butter, contains about 1.9% theobromine and 0.21% caffeine. Anecdotal reports indicate that regular consumption of unsweetened natural cocoa powder (UNCP), a common practice in Ghana, West Africa, has the potential to reduce the tendency of asthmatic episodes. In the present paper we studied the effect of regular ingestion of aqueous extract of UNCP on hematological and histopathological changes that occur in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized guinea pigs. OVA-sensitized guinea pigs were challenged with aerosolized OVA 1 hour after ingestion of 300 mg/kg (low dose) or 600 mg/kg (high dose) of UNCP for 35 consecutive days. Histopathological and haematological changes in the OVA-sensitized guinea pigs were evaluated. Both negative and positive controls with distilled water and prednisolone, respectively, were used. OVA-sensitized guinea pigs demonstrated concentration-independent reduction in immune response to aerosolized OVA. There were no histo-architectural changes in the bronchiolar smooth muscles of the treated groups. Unsweetened natural cocoa powder has potential anti-asthmatic properties when administered orally at the doses tested.
Increased Number of Non-Degranulated Mast Cells in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma but Not in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Karamitopoulou E. , Shoni M. , Theoharides T.C.
Published: January 2017

Increasing evidence indicates that tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial in tumor survival and metastases. Inflammatory cells accumulate around tumors and strangely appear to be permissive to their growth. One key stroma cell is the mast cell (MC), which can secrete numerous pro- and antitumor molecules. We investigated the presence and degranulation state of MC in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as compared to acute pancreatitis (AP). Three different detection methods: (a) toluidine blue staining, as well as immunohistochemistry for (b) tryptase and (c) c-kit, were utilized to assess the number and extent of degranulation of MC in PDAC tissue (n=7), uninvolved pancreatic tissue derived from tumor-free margins (n=7) and tissue form AP (n=4). The number of MC detected with all three methods was significantly increased in PDAC, as compared to normal pancreatic tissue derived from tumor-free margins ( p<0.05). The highest number of MC was identified by c-kit, 22.2±7.5 per high power field (HPF) in PDAC vs 9.7±5.1 per HPF in normal tissue. Contrary to MC in AP, where most of the detected MC were found degranulated, MC in PDAC appeared intact. In conclusion, MC are increased in number, but not degranulated in PDAC, suggesting that they may contribute to cancer growth by permitting selective release of pro-tumorogenic molecules.
Pre-Clinical Evaluation of a New Coral-Based Bone Scaffold
Authors: Carinci F. , Santarelli A. , Laino L. , Pezzetti F. , De Lillo A. , Parisi D. , Bambini F. , Procaccini M. , Testa N.F. , Cocchi R. , Muzio L. Lo
Published: January 2017

Coral is used worldwide for bone reconstruction. The favorable characteristics that make this material desirable for implantation are (i) osteoinduction, (ii) and osteoconduction. These proprieties have been demonstrated by in vivo studies with animal models and clinical trials over a twenty-year period. Also poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) [poly(HEMA)] is a widely used biomaterial. By using coral and poly(HEMA), a scaffold for bone reconstruction application has been recently synthesized. Cytological, histological and genetic analyses were performed to characterize this new alloplastic material. Four samples were analyzed: (a) white coral (WC), (b) red coral (RC), (c) WC plus polymer (WCP) and (d) RC plus polymer (RCP). Quantification of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity by MTT assay was performed as indirect detector of cytotoxicity. In vivo effects were revealed by implanting corals and coral-based polymers in rabbit tibia. Samples were collected after 4 weeks and subjected to histological analysis. To evaluate the genetic response of cells to corals and coral-derived polymers an osteoblast-like cell line (i.e. MG63) was cultured in wells containing (a) medium, (b) medium plus corals and (c) medium plus two types of scaffolds (RCP or WCP). RNAs extracted from cells were retro-transcribed and hybridized on DNA 19.2K microarrays. No cytotoxicity was detected in corals and coral-based biopolymers. No inflammation or adverse effect was revealed by histological examination. By microarray analysis 154 clones were differentially expressed between RC and WC (81 up and 73 down regulated) whereas only 15 clones were repressed by the polymer. Histological evaluation not only confirmed that coral is a biocompatible material, but also that the polymer has no adverse effect. Microarray results were in agreement with cytological and histological analyses and provided further data regarding the genetic effects of RC, WC and the new polymer.
Duration of Symptom Relief after Intra-Articular Injection of Hyaluronic Acid Combined with Sorbitol (Anti-OX-VS) in Symptomatic HIP Osteoarthritis
Authors: Migliore A. , Massafra U. , Bizzi E. , Tormenta S. , Cassol M. , Granata M.
Published: January 2017

The intra-articular administration of hyaluronic acid (HA) in hip osteoarthritis (OA) has been recently increased following the use of ultrasound guidance to perform an accurate delivery of the injected product. Viscosupplementation in hip OA seems to show similar results to those obtained by viscosupplementation in knee OA. However, an unmet need is the duration of symptomatic relief, therefore several new products are proposed to prolong and increase symptomatic effects. Among these, an innovative viscosupplement has been produced from high a concentration of HA combined with a high concentration of sorbitol as a free radical scavenger. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mid-term pain-relief effect of an ultrasound-guided injection of SynolisV-A (ANTI-OX-VS) in patients suffering from symptomatic hip osteoarthritis. Lequesne index, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), pain reduction, Global Patient Assessment (GPA), Global Medical Assessment (GMA) and reduction in monthly analgesic consumption were assessed during the 12-month follow-up after the injection. A total of 20 patients were enrolled in the study and received one IA US-guided injection of two syringes of ANTI-OX-VS into the target hip. Eleven drop-out patients were registered, of whom 2 were for loss of efficacy at 6 months, 1 for loss of efficacy at 9 months and 8 patients for severe comorbilities. Mean scores of all clinical parameters evaluated at each control visit were significantly different when compared with baseline mean value. No systemic adverse events were observed. Even though the sample size of this study is limited, the results suggest a durable good efficacy of a 4-ml single injection of ANTI-OX-VS in hip OA, at least for the patients who completed the study. A larger number of patients and an RCT are needed to confirm these data, investigating also the predictive factors of clinical response to ANTI-OX-VS.
Salvage Treatment with Ganciclovir in a Splenectomized, Polytransfused Patient Affected by Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Authors: Torres D. , Parrinello G. , Bellanca M. , Marrone R. , Cuttitta F. , Virzi G. , Pizzo G. , Petrantoni R. , Licata G.
Published: January 2017

A 23-year-old man was admitted to hospital with a 12-day history of daily fever. A clinical history revealed that 10 months previously, the patient had been splenectomized and polytransfused for a severe blunt trauma. On admission, laboratory data revealed significant leukocytosis (33,230/ul). The patient's general clinical conditions rapidly worsened into a severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome in four days. After 10 days of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, the temperature curve was unmodified and severe leukocytosis persisted (44,300 ul) with absolute lymphocytosis. Laboratory tests ruled out hematological diseases, pneumonia, abscesses and endocarditis. In the light of IgM positivity for CMV (unconfirmed by PCR) and with the support of a PubMed search, we commenced a salvage treatment with intravenous ganciclovir, suspecting a viral infection or reactivation. After two days of therapy, an immediate defervescence was observed with a remarkable clinical improvement. After 10 days, the clinical syndrome had been completely resolved and the patient was discharged in good, general clinical health.
The “Mystery” of Cutaneous Sarcoidosis: Facts and Controversies
Authors: Tchernev G. , Cardoso J.C. , Chokoeva A.A. , Verma S.B. , Tana C. , Ananiev J. , Gulubova M. , Philipov S. , Kanazawa N. , Nenoff P. , Lotti T. , Wollina U.
Published: January 2017

The reason why the cutaneous form of sarcoidosis is well known in the literature is because of its spectrum of manifestations granting it the fame of a Great Imitator. The mystery shrouding the pathogenesis of this rare cutaneous disease is still there (in spite of the fundamental progress of the various diagnostic methods in current day medicine). The production of the morphological substrate – the epithelioid cell granuloma – which is considered to be characteristic of skin sarcoidosis, could, however, also be the end result of a reaction to i) various specific infectious agents such as Leishmaniasis cutis, coccidioidomycosis, etc., ii) certain residual bacterial or other mycobacterial antigens which, at the moment of setting the diagnosis are - by definition - non-infectious but still immunogenic, as well as iii) different tumor antigens in lesional tissue or other location. Often, differentiating between sarcodiosis and a sarcoid-like reaction, based on the updated criteria for cutaneous sarcoidosis, is problematic to downright impossible. A future characterization of the genetic signature of the two conditions, as well as the implementation of additional mandatory panels for i) the identification of certain infectious or ii) non-infectious but immunogenic and iii) tumor antigens in the epithelioid cell granuloma (or in another location in the organism), could be a considerable contribution to the process of differentiating between the two above-mentioned conditions. This will create conditions for greater accuracy when setting the subsequent therapeutic approaches.
Impact of Mast Cells on Multiple Sclerosis: Inhibitory Effect of Natalizumab
Authors: Kritas S.K. , Saggini A. , Cerulli G. , Caraffa A. , Antinolfi P. , Pantalone A. , Rosati M. , Tei M. , Speziali A. , Saggini R. , Frydas A. , Conti P.
Published: January 2017

Mast cells (MCs) derive from a distinct precursor in the bone marrow and are predominantly found in tissues at the interface between the host and the external environment where they can secrete mediators without overt degranulation. Mast cells mature under local tissue microenvironmental factors and are necessary for the development of allergic reactions, through crosslinking of their surface receptors for IgE (FcεRI), leading to degranulation and the release of vasoactive, pro-inflammatory and nociceptive mediators that include histamine, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory demylination within the central nervous system. MCs are involved in the pathogenesis of MS by generating various vasoactive mediators and cytokines and participate in the destruction of the myelin sheath and the neuronal cells. The process of the development of demyelinating plaques in MS is probably linked with the rupture of the blood-brain barrier by MC products. The effects of natalizumab, which is a very effective drug in reducing the annualized relapse rate and other relapse-based endpoints, are discussed. Here, we report the relationship between MCs and MS.
Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatry Disorder Associated with Group a Streptococcal Infection: The Role of Surgical Treatment
Authors: Pavone P. , Rapisarda V. , Serra A. , Nicita F. , Spalice A. , Parano E. , Rizzo R. , Maiolino L. , Di Mauro P. , Vitaliti G. , Coco A. , Falsaperla R. , Trifiletti R.R. , Cocuzza S.
Published: January 2017

Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus (PANDAS) is a well-defined syndrome in which tics (motor and/or vocal) and/or obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD) consistently exacerbate in temporal correlation to a Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal infection. In children with PANDAS, there is speculation about whether tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy might improve the neuropsychiatric course. Our objective was to examine whether such surgery impacted remission or, in patients without remission, modified clinical course of the disease, streptococcal antibody titers, neuronal antibodies or clinical severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and/or tics. Study participants ( n = 120) with positive PANDAS criteria were recruited, examined, and divided into surgical or non-surgery groups. The surgical group consisted of children with tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy (n=56). The remaining children were categorized as non-surgery (n=64). Clinical follow-up was made every 2 months for more than 2 years. Surgery did not affect symptomatology progression, streptococcal and neuronal antibodies, or the clinical severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms in these children. In conclusion, in our series clinical progression, antibody production, and neuropsychiatric symptom severity did not differ on the basis of surgical status. We cannot uphold surgical management as likely to impact positive remission rates, course of OCD/tics, or antibody concentrations in children with PANDAS.
Efficacy and Safety of Pidotimod in the Prevention of Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Children: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Namazova-Baranova L.S. , Alekseeva A.A. , Kharit S.M. , Kozhevnikova T.N. , Taranushenko T.E. , Tuzankina I.A. , Scarci F.
Published: January 2017

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) still represent a big challenge for paediatricians, especially in those children defined as “ailed” as they are more susceptible to such kinds of disease. In this paediatric population, the immune system is still under-developed with an evident alteration in cytokine levels. A clinical study was carried out in 5 sites in Russia with the intention to enrol children particularly susceptible to contract respiratory infections (defined as “ailing”), assigning them to a treatment group with pidotimod in comparison with a control group, treating them for 30 days and observing the reduction in the number of ARI episodes throughout the follow-up period (6 months). Moreover, changes in serum immunological markers were evaluated at baseline and 30 days after treatment discontinuation. One hundred and fifty-seven ailing children were enrolled and assigned to two arms: a main pidotimod-treatment group or a control group. The percentage of incidence of ARIs in the observation period at three different time points was statistically significant (p < 0.05). At the end of the follow-up period (after 6 months), ARIs had developed in 72 children (92.3%) in the main group and in 79 patients (100%) in the control group. Concerning changes of the immunological markers, the treatment group showed a better profile of normalization compared to the control group. The 30-day pidotimod therapy course led to improvement/reduction in the rate of acute respiratory infection recurrence in ailing children within a 3-month period, with a quick elimination of symptoms and signs of infection and, as a result, a faster recovery. The normalisation of the content of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 confirmed the immune-modulatory effect of the investigational drug, underlying its prophylactic effect.
Serum Resistin Levels in Children with Primary Snoring
Authors: Zicari A.M. , Cutrera R. , Occasi F. , Carbone M.P. , Marcelli A. Cesoni , De Castro G. , Indinnimeo L. , Tancredi G. , Galandrini R. , Giuffrida A. , Duse M.
Published: January 2017

Primary Snoring (PS) has been positioned at the milder end of the Sleep-Disordered Breathing severity continuum characterized by snoring and it is usually underestimated. PS is defined as snoring without apnea, frequent arousals, or gas exchange abnormalities and recent studies demonstrated that children with PS have increased blood pressure and reduced arterial distensibility. The association between adipokines and SDB has been recently investigated, though most of the studies were focused on OSAS where intermittent hypoxia characterizing the disease may lead to an inflammatory cascade and to the release of several adipokines, contributing to oxidative stress. Resistin, initially described as an adipokine increasing insulin resistance, has been recently identified as a novel important member of the cytokine family involved in the regulation of inflammation. The aim of our study was to investigate circulating resistin levels in normal weight children with PS. Sixty-five children of normal weight aged between 4 and 14 years of age were selected for habitual snoring. Children with positive polysomnography were excluded from the study. Serum resistin levels were detected in all children with PS. Thirty-three healthy non-snorer children with similar age, sex and BMI were selected as a control group. A significantly higher level of resistin was observed in patients with PS compared to the control group (4.67±1.91 ng/ml vs 3.98±1.58 ng/ml; p<0.01). Patients with inconclusive pulse oximetry showed significantly higher resistin levels than those with negative recordings (5.29±1.91 ng/ml vs 4.20±1.93 ng/ ml; p<0.008). Moreover, there was a significant increasing trend between sieric adipokine level and the frequency of snoring (p<0.006). Our results suggest that systemic inflammation and oxidative stress may also play a significant role in the pathophysiology of PS.
The Role of TLR4 and CD14 Polymorphisms in the Pathogenesis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis in Greek Infants
Authors: Goutak M. , Haidopoulou K. , Pappa S. , Tsakipjdis P. , Frydas E. , Eboriadou M. , Hatzistylianou M.
Published: January 2017

Clinical manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection vary from minimal disease to severe acute bronchiolitis. The structural complex of TLR4/CD14 participates in the virus recognition as a component of natural immune response. Genetic variations of TLR4/CD14 may explain great variations in disease severity. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of polymorphisms of TLR4, Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile and CD14, C-159T and C-550T in the development of RSV bronchiolitis. Our study included two groups of Greek infants and young children (A and B). Group A consisted of 50 infants ≤2 years of age hospitalised with bronchiolitis and group B of 99 previously healthy children aged 4–14 years (control group) with a free past medical history. RSV was indentified by PCR of genetic material that was extracted from nasopharyngeal samples collected from all patients. Blood samples were used to extract DNA and by using the PCR-RFLP method we performed TLR4 and CD14 genotyping. We found no association between TLR4 polymorphisms (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) and the development of acute bronchiolitis. For CD14 polymorphisms, a positive association was found between the C-159T and the development of bronchiolitis (p=0.05) but not for the other loci. There were no differences detected in the frequencies of the four polymorphisms studied among infants with RSV and non-RSV bronchiolitis. It is concluded that protein CD14 may have a functional role in the viral conjunction to the structural complex TLR4/CD14. The association between the polymorphism C-159T and the manifestation of disease found in our study points out that the severity in the development of acute bronchiolitis is not specified exclusively by the pathogen, but the immune response of the host also plays a significant role. More extensive multicentric studies need to take place, in order to lead to safer conclusions.
Angiomyolipoma of the Helix without Signs of Systemic Involvement: Successful Surgical Approach
Authors: Tchernev G. , Philipov S. , Ananiev J. , Gulubova M. , Chokoeva A.A. , Tana C. , Wollina U.
Published: January 2017

Cutaneous angiomyolipoma (AMP) of the ear is an extremely rare benign mesenchymal tumour. Angiomyolipomas are the most common benign tumour of the kidney and could be associated in 20% of the cases with the tuberous sclerosis complex (TBC), in which condition, most of the patients have several angiomyolipomas affecting both of the kidneys. We report the rare case of a 66-year-old female who had an asymptomatic, solitary, nodule on the helix of the right ear for several years, which was histologically assessed as angiomyolipoma. There were no clinical signs of the tuberous sclerosis complex (TBC) or renal AML. A surgical excision was performed with an excellent therapeutic result. In contrast to renal AMLs or PEComas, which are often invasive and may involve regional nodes, cutaneous AMLs are solitary, non-invasive, and not associated with tuberous sclerosis, and are curable by simple elliptical excision.
Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Attenuate Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Experimental Colitis in Mice
Authors: Toumi R. , Soufli I. , Rafa H. , Belkhelfa M. , Biad A. , Touil-Boukoffa C.
Published: January 2017

It is widely accepted that inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD) arises from a dysregulated mucosal immune response to the enteric microbiota in the gut of a genetically susceptible individual. No definitive therapies are available for this inflammatory disorder. Therefore it became imperative to develop new strategies for treating this disease. Probiotics have emerged as a potential new therapeutic strategy for IBD, however their exact mechanisms of action is still poorly defined. In this study, we address the potential effect of a probiotic cocktail (Ultrabiotique®) composed of four live bacterial strains ( L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, B. lactis and B. breve) to promote recovery from acute colitis. Probiotic was given to mice by oral gavage after the onset of colitis and the establishment of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal injury. Clinical parameters were monitored daily, histological scores of colitis and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were determined. In addition, TLR4, NF-κB and iNOS colonic expression were examined. Probiotic treatment ameliorated clinical symptoms and histological scores. NO and IFN-γ production in plasma were decreased by probiotic. These results were associated with reduced TLR4, iNOS and NF-κB expression in colonic tissue. In conclusion, probiotic exerted anti-inflammatory effects and contributed to a rapid recovery of DSS-induced acute colitis.
Nasal Cytological Assessment after Crenotherapy in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in the Elderly
Authors: Cantone E. , Marino A. , Ferranti I. , Castagna G. , Maione N. , Dirubbo V. , Iengo M.
Published: January 2017

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) determines irreversible alterations of the nasal mucosa with consequent impairment of ciliary movements and, therefore, mucociliary clearance (MCC). People of all ages can be affected by CRS but the elderly are subjects at the highest risk. CRS in the elderly with an age-related physiological impairment of nasal respiratory function, often accompanied by other chronic diseases, requires additional therapies to be added to the numerous daily medications. Since the currently available therapies for CRS include the use of drugs that can have adverse effects and contraindications, crenotherapy could represent a therapeutic option. Indeed, because the adverse effects and contraindications of crenotherapy are scarce, it can be safely used in elderly patients with comorbidities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the nasal cytological assessment after crenotherapy in elderly subjects with CRS. Two groups, comprising a total of 84 elderly subjects with CRS, were treated with crenotherapy with sodium chloride sulphate hyperthermal water rich in mineral salts (group I, n=49) and saline solution (group II n=35). Cytological assessment for both groups took place at baseline (T0) and 1 month after treatment (T30). At T30 the nasal cytological assessment showed statistically significant improvements in the ciliary motility and in the count of neutrophils and spores in group I, but not in group II. Conversely, there were no significant differences in the count of eosinophils, mast cells, bacteria and biofilm in either group. Our data for the first time focused on the role of crenotherapy in the improvement of cytological assessment of CRS in the elderly.
Adalimumab in the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Diseases
Authors: Lapadula G. , Marchesoni A. , Armuzzi A. , Blandizzi C. , Caporali R. , Chimenti S. , Cimaz R. , Cimino L. , Gionchetti P. , Girolomoni G. , Lionetti P. , Marcellusi A. , Mennini F.S. , Salvarani C.
Published: January 2017

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). TNF inhibition results in down-regulation of abnormal and progressive inflammatory processes, resulting in rapid and sustained clinical remission, improved quality of life and prevention of target organ damage. Adalimumab is the first fully human monoclonal antibody directed against TNF. In this article, we review the role and cost effectiveness of adalimumab in the treatment of IMIDs in adults and children. The efficacy and tolerability of adalimumab has been demonstrated in patients with a wide range of inflammatory conditions, leading to regulatory approval in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), plaque psoriasis, inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, paediatric Crohn's disease, and intestinal Behçet's disease), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The major tolerability issues with adalimumab are class effects, such as injection site reactions and increased risk of infection and lymphoma. As with all anti-TNF agents, adalimumab is immunogenic, although less than infliximab, and some patients receiving long-term adalimumab will develop anti-drug antibodies, causing a loss of response. Comparisons of its clinical utility and cost effectiveness have shown it to be a valid treatment choice in a wide range of patients. Recent data from Italian economic studies show the cost effectiveness of adalimumab to be below the threshold value for health care interventions for most indications. In addition, analysis of indirect costs shows that adalimumab significantly reduces social costs associated with RA, PsA, AS, Crohn's disease and psoriasis. The fact that adalimumab has the widest range of approved indications, many often presenting together in the same patient due to the common pathogenesis, may further improve the utility of adalimumab. Current clinical evidence shows adalimumab to be a valuable resource in the management of IMIDs. Further research, designed to identify patients who may benefit most from this drug, will better highlight the role and cost-effectiveness of this versatile TNF inhibitor.
HLA-DRβ2 and IgM Rheumatoid Factor (RF) Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Authors: Haberhauer G. , Peichl P.
Published: January 2017

48 patients suffering from classic erosive RA with conditions persisting for more than 6 years were examined together with 69 healthy control subject with regard to associations to supertypic HLA-D specificities. We found a significant increase of HLA-DRw53 in patients with RF positive RA (22/31 pat. = 71%,Chi2 = 13.2, p<0.01). Our results confirm the hypothesis that the HLA-DRβ2 chain gene is closer related to the disease susceptibility of seropositive RA than the DRβ1 chain gene (DR4).
Platelet Activating Factor Inhibits Both the Proliferation and the Differentiation of Activated B Lymphocytes in Response to Interleukin-2
Authors: Dugas B. , Kolb J.P. , Paul-Eugene Nathalie , Mencia-Huerta J.M. , Braquet P.
Published: January 2017

The role of the platelet activating factor in human B lymphocyte responses to Interleukin-2 was examined and compared with that of Interleukin-4 by assessing the ability of this molecule to modulate proliferation and differentiation. Highly purified B lymphocytes were prestimulated for 48 h with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan Strain I and then were cultured with Interleukin-2 alone or in combination with either Interleukin-4 or the platelet activating factor and the proliferation (after 3 days) and the immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) production (after 7 days) were evaluated. When SAC-activated B lymphocytes were preincubated overnight with PAF (0.0001 to 1 μM) or with IL-4 (1 to 100 U/ml) both the IL-2-induced proliferation and immunoglobulins secretion were inhibited. This inhibition was not a reflection of a decreased expression of the IL-2 receptor (CD25) because this expression was not modified on SAC-activated B lymphocytes after preincubation with either PAF or IL-4. Moreover, this suppression effect was not the result of a delayed response to IL-2.

The PAF-induced suppression was overcome in the presence of PAF antagonists (BN 52021 and BN 50730) but was not modified in the presence of a neutralizing anti-IL-4 antiserum. On the other hand, the IL-4 mediated suppression was totally reversed in the presence of the neutralizing anti-serum and only marginally reversed in the presence of the PAF antagonists. These results indicate that both PAF and IL-4 may exert a number of immunoregulatory actions on human B lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. They interfere with the stimulation of activated B lymphocytes by IL-2 and could play an important immunoregulatory role in the determination of isotypic regulation in the specific humoral responses.
Dexamethasone Modulates IL-13 and IL-10 Expression
Authors: Cannarile L. , Venditti G. , Ayroldi E. , Delfino D.V. , Migliorati G.
Published: January 2017

Interleukin (IL-)-10 and IL-13 are Th2-cell-associated cytokines with a variety of biologic activities in immune and inflammatory responses. It is known that glucocorticoids (GCs) modulate inflammatory and immune functions. In fact, GCs are involved to regulate the transcription of cytokines which are relevant in chronic inflammation and cell-mediated immune response.

In the present study we analyzed, in vitro, the effects of DEX on the expression of the IL-10 and IL-13 lymphokines in murine spleen and thymus cells. DEX-stimulation induced down-regulation of the expression of IL-10 and IL-13 mRNA.

This effect was already evident 0.5 hr after treatment and persisted in time, in both resting and activated lymphocytes. These results suggest that GCs could have inhibitory effect on Th2 cytokine production.
Characteristics of Interleukin 2 and Interleukin 4 Dependent T Cell Lines Infected with HTLV-1 in Vitro
Authors: Macchi B. , Grelli S. , Favalli C. , De Carli M. , Garaci  , Mastino A.
Published: January 2017

Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a lymphotropic retrovirus. Cells infected with HTLV-1 in vitro, when maintained in interleukin-2 (IL-2) can be immortalized, remaining for a long time strictly dependent on IL-2 addition. In this study we have compared the effect of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-2 on HTLV-1 infection of cord blood or normal adult mononuclear cells. The results showed that either cultures of cord blood or normal adult T cells are susceptible to HTLV-1 infection in presence of IL-4 as well as IL-2. Moreover HTLV-1 infected cells in the presence of IL-4 survived only for a limited length of time in culture, while those grown in IL-2 showed the characteristics of immortalized cell lines. Moreover the profile of cytokine production showed a different pattern in HTLV-1 infected cell lines maintained in IL-4 or IL-2. This suggests that the lymphokines differently modulate retrovirus infection in vitro.
Gastric Asthma: A Vagally-Mediated Disease
Authors: Bruno G. , Andreozzi P. , Bagalino A. , Graf U.
Published: January 2017

Many evidences show that bronchial asthma may be triggered or enhanced by gastroesophageal reflux (GER) even if standardized methods to detect this particular syndrome defined as “gastric asthma” are not available. The Bernstein test suitably modified was performed in 6 adult asthmatic outpatients when they were symptom-free. These subjects were also suffering from recurrent epigastric pain. The patients resulted positive to ultranebulized fog bronchial challenge and all had a moderate- severe alteration of the competency of the lower esophageal sphincter, shown by endoscopy. Functional lung parameters were significantly reduced after esophageal acidification when they were compared to basal values.

Is the linkage between GER and asthma important in clinical practice? In asthmatic patients GER represents an important trigger for broncoconstriction through a vagal mediated reflex. The modified Bernstein test represents a reproducible method and may be well used to identify “gastric asthma”, particularly when this picture is “silent”, less evident, or it is not rightly considered. Moreover, its recognition is very relevant to therapeutic problems, also when it is in a subclinical stage. In fact, many “excellent” drugs used for bronchial asthma treatment may have undesirable effects for the gastric tract causing abnormalities such as GER that is so damaging in the development of “gastric asthma”.
Protocols for the Use of Cyproterone, Medroxyprogesterone, and Leuprolide in the Treatment of Paraphilia
Authors: Reilly Dan R , Delva Nicholas J , Hudson Robert W
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To propose a protocol for minimizing medical complications associated with the use of cyproterone, medroxyprogesterone, and depot leuprolide to treat paraphilia.

Method

Review of the relevant literature.

Results

Certain patient populations should not be treated with these medications, and medical complications associated with each can be detected early and avoided.

Conclusions

For each drug, a series of screening tests prior to use and scheduled testing during use can minimize potential medical complications.
The Mental Health of Aboriginal Peoples: Transformations of Identity and Community
Authors: Kirmayer Laurence J , Brass Gregory M , Tait Caroline L
Published: January 2017

This paper reviews some recent research on the mental health of the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis of Canada. We summarize evidence for the social origins of mental health problems and illustrate the ongoing responses of individuals and communities to the legacy of colonization. Cultural discontinuity and oppression have been linked to high rates of depression, alcoholism, suicide, and violence in many communities, with the greatest impact on youth. Despite these challenges, many communities have done well, and research is needed to identify the factors that promote wellness. Cultural psychiatry can contribute to rethinking mental health services and health promotion for indigenous populations and communities.
The Classification of Autism, Asperger's Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Authors: Szatmari Peter
Published: January 2017

Objective:

The current classification of the pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) as conceptualized in both the DSM-IV and ICD-10 is deeply unsatisfying to many parents, front-line clinicians, and academic researchers. Is the diagnostic validity of the various disorders simply lacking empirical data for full substantiation, or does the overall conceptualization of the category have more fundamental problems, not reflecting the “true” nature of the phenomena? This paper argues the latter hypothesis. I review the historical development of the classification of PDD, summarize recent empirical data on issues of reliability and validity, and suggest a new approach to classification and understanding.
Prevalence of Problem Gambling in Adolescents: Findings from the 1999 Ontario Student Drug Use Survey
Authors: Adlaf Edward M , Ialomiteanu Anca
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

To describe the prevalence of gambling disorders in adolescent students in Ontario.

Method

Data were based on a random survey of 2371 Ontario students in grades 7 to 13 using the South Oaks Gambling Screen revised for adolescents (SOGS-RA).

Results

In total, 5.8% of students met the criteria for past-year problem gambling, and an additional 7.5% met the criteria for at-risk gambling. Gambling disorders were significantly higher among male students than female, but did not differ significantly by age or region.

Conclusion

The prevalence of gambling disorders among adolescents warrants thorough investigation and ongoing monitoring.
Breaking up is Hard to Do: The Heartbreak of Dichotomizing Continuous Data
Authors: Streiner David L
Published: January 2017

Researchers often take variables that are measured on a continuum and then break them into categories (for example, above or below some cut-point), either to place subjects into groups or as an outcome measure. In this article, we show that the rationales given for this practice are weak and that categorization results in lost information, reduced power of statistical tests, and increased probability of a Type II error. Dichotomizing a continuous variable is justified only when the distribution of that variable is highly skewed or its relation with another variable is nonlinear.
Interventions to Reduce School Bullying
Authors: Smith Peter K , Ananiadou Katerina , Cowie Helen
Published: January 2017

In the last 2 decades, school bullying has become a topic of public concern and research around the world. This has led to action to reduce the problem. We review interventions targeted at the school level (for example, whole school policy, classroom climate, peer support, school tribunal, and playground improvement), at the class level (for example, curriculum work), and at the individual level (for example, working with specific pupils).

Effectiveness of interventions has been sporadically assessed. We review several systematically evaluated, large-scale, school-based intervention programs. Their effectiveness has varied, and we consider reasons for this. We suggest ways to improve the evaluation and comparability of studies, as well as the effectiveness of future interventions.
Genetic Associations between Delusional Disorder and Paranoid Schizophrenia: A Novel Etiologic Approach
Authors: Debnath Monojit , Das Sujit K , Bera Nirmal K , Nayak Chitta R , Chaudhuri Tapas K
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

Genetic associations between delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia are not well understood, although involvement of biological factors has been suspected. We investigated the incidence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles in patients with delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia, first, to explore a possible immunogenetic etiology of these paranoid disorders and, second, to determine whether they share similar etiologic mechanisms.

Method:

We employed a nested case–control study design. Psychiatric reference data were available for 38500 patients attending a hospital-based psychiatric outpatient department between 1998 and 2005. We enrolled 100 patients with delusional disorder and 50 patients with paranoid schizophrenia as the subject cases, using DSM-IV criteria. We considered equivalent numbers of healthy volunteers matched for age and ethnic background as control subjects. All subjects came from an India-born Bengali population. We applied the polymerase chain reaction–based molecular typing method to all patients and healthy subjects.

Results:

The HLA-A*03 gene is significantly associated with delusional disorder as well as with paranoid schizophrenia. This HLA gene alone or in linkage disequilibrium with other HLA genes or other closely linked non-HLA genes may influence susceptibility to delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia.

Conclusions:

The study reveals important associations between HLA genes and paranoid disorders. Delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia may share similar etiologic mechanisms. This preliminary observation may help our understanding of the genetic basis of these paranoid disorders.