The effect of temperature and reaction time on the physicochemical properties of oxidized bacterial cellulose membranes for hemostatic dressings
Authors:   Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Kieu Thi-Thuy ,   Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Thao Thi-Phuong ,   Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Huy Hoang ,   Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Luong Tin Dai ,   Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Huynh Thai Anh ,   Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Tran Khue Le-Minh ,   Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Bao Gia ,   Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Hai Huu ,   Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, La Thu Ngoc-Minh ,   Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Hai Do-Quoc ,   Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Doan Hoan Ngoc ,   Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Hiep T ,   Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: February 2025

The development of an oxidized bacterial cellulose membrane (OBC) for hemostasis application is essential for preventing death from excessive bleeding. In previous research, OBC membranes were fabricated by using many different oxidation systems, notably the HNO3/H3PO4-NaNO2 system. In this study, the effects of oxidation conditions, such as temperature and reaction time, on the structure and physicochemical properties of OBC for hemostasis dressings oxidized by a mixture of HNO3/H3PO4-NaNO2 were investigated. The morphology of the OBC membranes was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Chemical modification was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and carboxyl content analysis. The mechanical properties of the OBC membranes before and after oxidation were also evaluated by tensile testing. The results revealed an increase in the carboxyl content and a decrease in the mechanical properties of the OBC membranes with increasing temperature and reaction time. The results indicate that under the temperature and time conditions of the survey, the OBC membrane oxidized at 40 °C for 6 hours had a relatively high carboxyl content of 16.18% (suitable for hemostasis dressing) while maintaining sufficient mechanical strength for wound dressing application.