bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nephrostomy (PCN) versus nephroureteral stent (Double JJ); An ongoing battle
Authors: Ghasemi-Rad Mohammad , Trinh Kelly , Wynne David , Ahmadzade Mohadese , Shamim Muhammad Hamza , Guerrero Omar , Bancroft Ashley , Ranganath Shreya , Leon David
Published: February 2025

In the realm of medical procedures for urinary obstructions, a distinct division of roles is evident: the vast majority of percutaneous nephrostomies (PCNs) are the domain of Interventional Radiology (IR), while the placement of double J stents (JJ stents) falls squarely under Urology. This division, however, is not without its complexities. When confronted with a patient suffering from a urinary obstruction, the decision-making process can become intricate. The underlying cause often fuels the debate: should IR intervene with a PCN, or should Urology place a JJ stent? Such decisions have profound implications for the individual patient.

In this comprehensive review, we aim to compare the utilization of PCN to that of JJS in a variety of clinical settings and evaluate their indications, relative efficacies, and potential complications to ascertain whether one procedure outperforms the other.
Registered Reports in Learning Disabilities Research: An Introduction to the Special Series
Authors: Cook Bryan G. , Hart Sara A. , Therrien William J.
Published: February 2025

Registered Reports are a novel approach to empirical publication that involve two stages of peer review: one before a study is conducted (of prospective Introduction and Method sections), and one after the study is conducted and fully written up. In this paper, we describe Registered Reports and their potential benefits (e.g., expert peer reviewers providing input on the design of research before it is conducted, combatting publication bias by basing acceptance for publication on the quality of study plans rather than study findings) and limitations, provide an overview of the three Registered Reports in the special series, and highlight lessons learned in guest editing this special series of Registered Reports.
A Combined Model of Vital Signs and Serum Biomarkers Outperforms Shock Index in the Prediction of Hemorrhage Control Interventions in Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Forrester John P. , Del Rio Manuel Beltran , Meyer Cristine H. , Paci Samuel P. R. , Rastegar Ella R. , Li Timmy , Sfakianos Maria G. , Klein Eric N. , Bank Matthew E , Rolston Daniel M. , Christopherson Nathan A , Jafari Daniel
Published: February 2025

Background

Distinguishing surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients with ongoing bleeding who require hemorrhage control interventions (HCI) can be challenging. Guidelines recommend risk-stratification with clinical variables and prediction tools, however supporting evidence remains mixed.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated adult patients admitted to the surgical ICU with concern for ongoing hemorrhage under our institution's “Hemorrhage Watch” (HW) protocol and aimed to derive a clinical prediction model identifying those needing HCI with serial vital signs (VS) and serum biomarkers. The HW protocol included ICU admission followed by a 3-h observation period with VS monitoring every 15 min and hourly biomarkers. The primary outcome was the need for HCI (operative and endovascular interventions) within nine hours of ICU arrival. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, blood transfusions, and ICU and hospital length-of-stay. A clinical prediction model was developed by utilizing the variables most associated with HCI in a best subsets regression, which was subsequently internally validated using a Bootstrap algorithm.

Results

305 patients were identified for inclusion and 18 (5.9%) required HCI (3 operative, 15 endovascular). The median age was 70 years (IQR 54, 83), 60% had traumatic injuries, and 73% were enrolled from the emergency department. Blood product transfusion and mortality were similar between the HCI and no-HCI groups. Our analysis demonstrated that a model based on the minimum hemoglobin (9.9 vs 8.1 g/dL), minimum diastolic (57 vs 53 mm Hg) and systolic blood pressures (105 vs 90 mm Hg), and minimum respiratory rate (15 vs 18) could predict HCI with an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve (AUROC) of 0.87, outperforming the Shock Index (SI) (AUROC = 0.64).

Conclusions

In this study of surgical ICU patients with concern for ongoing bleeding, a prediction model using serial VS and biomarkers outperformed the SI and may help identify those requiring HCI.
Becoming an Ovambo Adult: Growing Into Agentic Communalism in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Uugwanga Selma N. , Naudé Luzelle , Thalmayer Amber Gayle
Published: February 2025

What does it take to become an adult in Africa? Life-span-development literature includes little exploration on this transition outside Western countries. A qualitative approach was used to identify locally relevant topics and variables in an understudied African context. Fifty 18- to 25-year-old Ovambo Namibians from rural and urban areas were interviewed. Results of reflexive thematic analysis suggest the significance of gender and birth order in defining adult roles and the completion of one’s education as a new rite of passage. Full adult personhood means providing for and engaging with a larger community as well as one’s children and extended family, reflecting the ongoing relevance of African communalism in today’s society. Youth in Namibia, and likely in sub-Saharan Africa more broadly, balance traditional and contemporary demands as they come of age in a postindependence, globalizing society. Our findings reflect the centrality of community and the intermingled nature of agentic and communal values in this process.
Integrating resource early warning in buffer management for project schedule risk control using BP neural networks
Authors: Wan Dan , Zhang Yaodan
Published: February 2025

Buffer management is an effective way for projects to cope with schedule risk and variability. However, current research on buffer management methods mainly focuses on optimizing time buffer sizing, overlooking the impact of resource buffer as an early warning mechanism for improving the efficiency and accuracy of project buffer management. In this study, we propose a method for determining the timing of resource buffer early warnings based on a BP neural network. First, BP neural network theory is introduced into the field of critical chain buffer management, analyzing its application in the early warning processes of project resource buffer and its predictive capabilities. Subsequently, the BP neural network is used to dynamically forecast actual execution deviations of activity resources by utilizing project risk variations and buffer deviation data related to resource execution. Based on these dynamic deviation predictions, a model for determining the timing of resource buffer early warnings is developed. The experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the traditional buffer setting method, the proposed approach reduces the project duration by 19.81% and lowers the project cost by 17.59%, achieving optimization of both project duration and cost without compromising the project completion probability.
Multiple Serial Mediation Modeling of Remembered Parental Acceptance in Childhood Predicts Adults’ Marital Adjustment: The Role of Self-Differentiation, Depression, and Anxiety
Authors: Hussain Sadiq , Lansford Jennifer E.
Published: February 2025

Guided by interpersonal acceptance–rejection theory, this study examined whether associations between recollections of parental acceptance in childhood and adults’ marital adjustment were mediated by self-differentiation, depression, and anxiety. A total of 324 married participants from Pakistan (Mean age = 32.99, SD = 8.53, 49.7% men) completed the Adult Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire, Differentiation of Self Inventory, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Sex differences were found in recollections of paternal acceptance, self-differentiation, and anxiety. Recollections of maternal and paternal acceptance in childhood were positively correlated with adults’ self-differentiation and marital adjustment, but negatively correlated with depression and anxiety. Self-differentiation was also positively correlated with marital adjustment, but depression and anxiety were negatively correlated with marital adjustment. Multiple serial mediation analysis revealed that self-differentiation and depression mediated in sequence the relation between recollections of maternal and paternal acceptance in childhood and adults’ marital adjustment. That is, depression uniquely but negatively mediated the relation between recollections of maternal and paternal acceptance and marital adjustment, but self-differentiation uniquely and positively mediated the relation between remembered maternal acceptance and marital adjustment. Results suggest developmental pathways by which maternal and paternal acceptance in childhood may be related to marital adjustment in adulthood.
Evaluation of Rivaroxaban Exposure via Anti-Xa Levels During VTE Prophylaxis in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Blotske Kaitlin , Patel Toral , Trujillo Toby , Marlar Matthew , Lind Stuart , Kramer Henry , Hassell Kathryn , Kiser Tyree H.
Published: February 2025

Rivaroxaban was FDA-approved in 2019 for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in acutely ill hospitalized patients. Little to no published data is available to determine the level of correlation between rivaroxaban drug concentration and UFH/LMWH calibrated anti-Xa assays at VTE prophylactic doses of rivaroxaban 10 mg daily. This study aimed to assess the anticoagulant effects of rivaroxaban prophylactic doses using LMWH calibrated anti-Xa levels at the University of Colorado Hospital (UCH). This prospective cohort study evaluated seventy-three hospitalized patients at UCH taking rivaroxaban 10 mg daily for VTE prophylaxis from June 2023 to April 2024. Patients were enrolled if they were between the ages of 18-89 years old, received rivaroxaban 10 mg daily, and had active orders for coagulation studies. A linear regression model and coefficient of determination was used to evaluate the primary outcome assessing the relationship between rivaroxaban drug concentrations and anti-Xa levels. The LMWH calibrated anti-Xa assays were strongly correlated to rivaroxaban concentrations ranging from (1-59 ng/ml) in patients receiving rivaroxaban 10 mg daily, r2 = 0.99 ( P < .00001). Our data suggests that LMWH calibrated anti-Xa levels less than 1.40 IU/ml may indicate minimal anticoagulation effects for rivaroxaban 10 mg daily. The secondary outcomes assessing the relationship between rivaroxaban drug concentrations and time since administration, r2 = 0.16 ( P = .049), as well as time since administration of rivaroxaban and anti-Xa activity, r2 = 0.15 ( P = .066), were weakly correlated and showed a trend. Characterizing the high correlation between anti-Xa levels and rivaroxaban plasma concentrations at 10 mg daily doses, provides additional insight to rivaroxaban's anticoagulant effects in clinical practice. This can be beneficial in various clinical scenarios and has the potential to reduce the waiting time for clinical procedures.
Time varying filter empirical mode decomposition and MobileNet-V3 algorithms for fault diagnosis of rolling bearing with efficient channel attention mechanism
Authors: Dong Wentao , Qiu Xiaopeng , Yao Daojin , He Zanhua
Published: February 2025

Rolling bearings are the core components of rotating mechanical equipment, and it is more and more important to fault diagnosis for the operation state and safety of the mechanical equipment. Deep learning has been widely applied to fault diagnosis of rolling bearings, but it is limited with the high complexity of deep neural networks and the dependence on hardware resources. Time varying filter empirical mode decomposition (TVFEMD) method based on Subtraction-Average-Based Optimizer (SABO) optimization is applied to the subtle feature extraction of rolling bearings. Improved MobileNetV3-Large lightweight model based on Exponential Linear Units (ELU) activation function and Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) mechanism is proposed to fault diagnosis. TVFEMD-MobileNet-V3 algorithm with lightweight property is built to subtle fault diagnosis and recognition of rolling bearings. It has been validated on the bearing dataset from Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) with 99.28% accuracy and 3.57 M reference count. The anti-noise performance of TVFEMD-MobileNet-V3 has been verified, and the average accuracy is 93.83% when signal-to-noise ratio is 2 dB. TVFEMD-MobileNet-V3 algorithm has great potential to subtle feature recognition with limited sample sizes of the rolling bearing.
“A Fire in My Belly”: The Health of Community Workers Who Support Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Lundy Tara , Crawford Joanne
Published: February 2025

Nonprofit community-based workers (CWs) provide vital support to women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), and they are repeatedly exposed to secondary trauma in their everyday work lives which may influence health and wellness. Guided by the salutogenesis model, this qualitative study explored 19 CWs’ work experiences in relation to health and wellness in the Niagara Region, Canada. Five themes were generated using thematic analysis: (a) mental processing and alternations; (b) unmanageable structural challenges; (c) women empowering women; (d) unique ways of coping; and (e) recommendations for system improvements. Implications for intersectoral collaboration, health promotion, and chronic disease prevention are discussed to inform the development of tailored support strategies for CWs.
Performance of treatment response scoring systems among patients with multiple sclerosis treated with high-efficacy therapies
Authors: Marrodan Mariano , Sao Avilés Augusto , Río Jordi , Cobo-Calvo Álvaro , Fernández Victoria , Pappolla Agustin , Castilló Joaquín , Vidal-Jordana Ángela , Arrambide Georgina , Tur Carmen , Rodríguez-Acevedo Breogán , Zabalza Ana , Mongay-Ochoa Neus , Vilaseca Andreu , Rodriguez Marta , Galán Ingrid , Comabella Manuel , Sastre-Garriga Jaume , Tintoré Mar , Auger Cristina , Rovira Àlex , Montalban Xavier , Midaglia Luciana
Published: February 2025

Background:

Predicting treatment response and disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) is challenging. Treatment Response Scoring Systems (TRSS) are potentially useful, but their utility in patients receiving high-efficacy therapies and very high-efficacy therapies (HET/vHET) remains unclear.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of TRSS in patients treated with HET/vHET.

Methods:

We retrospectively studied MS patients treated with HET/vHET in an MS specialized centre. TRSS, including the Rio Score, modified Rio Score and MAGNIMS score, were applied to assess response to treatment. We evaluated the predictive value of the TRSS on disease activity and disability progression.

Results:

TRSS effectively predicted disease activity and progression of disability in patients treated with HET/vHET. Patients with high TRSS scores at 12 months post-HET/vHET initiation had a significantly increased risk of relapses, new lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and progression of disability at 4 years.

Discussion:

Our findings highlight the importance of personalized treatment strategies in MS. TRSS are valuable tools for monitoring treatment response, guiding clinical decision-making and optimizing patient care.
Analysis of the causal relationship between five chosen factors and early-onset Alzheimer's disease: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lu Chunxin , Zhou Jiechao
Published: February 2025

Background

This study aims to explore the causal relationship between five selected factors— lysosome, migrasomes, macrophage, fibroblast, and endothelium cell—and early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) through related genes, providing clues for EOAD research.

Methods

Using genes related to the five selected factors as exposure variables and EOAD as the disease outcome, significant genes were screened through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, based on the OpenGWAS database. The selected genes were intersected with genes related to the exposure factors to assess the causal relationships between the five factors and EOAD.

Results

MR analysis identified 13 genes in total. Six of these genes were protective factors for EOAD, with LYST being the most significant (OR = 0.4259, 95% CI: 0.2218–0.8178, p = 0.0103). Seven genes were risk factors for EOAD, with NCF4 being the most significant (OR = 2.7207, 95% CI: 1.0229–7.2362, p = 0.0449). A total of 1925 genes related to lysosome, migrasomes, macrophage, fibroblast, and endothelium cell were analyzed. After intersection, 10 lysosome-related genes (NCF4, VIPAS39, LYST, SORT1, ARSB, EPDR1, SYNGR1, ANXA11, PYGB, CLN5) and 3 endothelium cell -related genes (ADM, NFIB, NKTR) were found to have significant causal relationships with EOAD.

Conclusions

There are genes related to lysosome and endothelium cell that have significant relationships with EOAD, while no causal relationships were found between migrasomes, macrophage, fibroblast, and EOAD. This study provides an important basis for further EOAD research.
Exploring the potential of acupuncture as a complementary treatment for Alzheimer's disease: Pushing the boundaries forward
Authors: Silva Rhuann Pontes dos Santos , Barbosa Breno José Alencar Pires
Published: February 2025

Acupuncture has emerged as a promising adjunctive symptomatic therapy for Alzheimer's disease, demonstrating potential benefits in cognitive function and neuroprotection. Recent meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials have investigated the potential of acupuncture to improve cognitive assessments, signaling pathways, and gut regulation in Alzheimer's disease, underscoring its potential clinical application. However, the limited number of studies, small sample sizes, and lack of detailed mapping of acupuncture's core targets must be considered when interpreting these positive results.
A process for contextualising digital health terminology standards for Uganda’s health information systems: A use case of HIV information management services
Authors: Kiwanuka Achilles , Nabukenya Josephine
Published: February 2025

Background: Uniform interpretation of digital health messages is important to achieve semantic interoperability of electronic health information systems (eHIS). Whereas international digital health terminologies such as ICD, LOINC and SNOMED-CT exist, their design considerations regarding health processes, data collected, and technologies, among others do not necessarily match Uganda’s eHIS contextual needs. Objective: This research aimed to design a process that could be used to contextualise international digital health terminologies for Uganda’s eHIS. Methods: The Design Science approach was used in designing the contextualisation process while utilising a foundation contextualisation approach for mapping terminologies. Results: The contextualisation process constitutes six major phases; assessing the national digital health information system context, extracting data elements in the national digital health information system, mapping existing national data elements to international terminologies, identifying and coding unmatched data elements, validating contextualised terminologies and digitising the validated terminologies. The terminology standards contextualisation process was validated using the Delphi technique and the HIV Information Management Services use case. The validation results showed that the contextualisation process was relevant, usable, adaptable and interoperable to Uganda’s eHIS. Conclusion: Accordingly, this study demonstrated how international digital health terminologies could be contextualised for Uganda’s health information systems. The contextualisation process could also be applied to other disease information management services in Uganda.
Comparative study on structural noise characteristics of continuous rigid frame and simply supported box-girder bridges in rail transits
Authors: Song Lizhong , Zhang Haiwen , Zhang Yisheng , Liu Quanmin , Liu Linya , Gao Kui
Published: February 2025

To further investigate the bridge structural noise radiation characteristics when trains pass through continuous rigid frame box-girders and the influence of different bridge structural forms on the bridge structural noise radiation characteristics in urban elevated rail transit, the study conducted on the elevated rail transit lines in a Chinese city focused on the field testing of the vibration and noise of continuous rigid frame box-girders and simply supported box-girders. Through comparative testing results, the spectral characteristics of noise for the two types of box-girders were analyzed and compared. The finite element method and boundary element method were employed to establish numerical calculation models for vibration sound radiation of the two beam types, investigating and comparing the amplitude-frequency characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of noise for the two beam types. The research findings indicate that, within a range extending 120 m from the centerline of the bridge and 50 m above ground level, the difference in low-frequency structural noise radiated by the two types of box-girders is approximately −1.5 to 15 dB. The region beneath the bridge is where the continuous rigid frame box-girder demonstrates a significant advantage in low-frequency structural noise, reducing noise by 8 to 15 dB compared to the simply supported box-girder. Meanwhile, the low-frequency structural noise of the simply supported box-girder is only marginally lower than that of the continuous rigid frame box-girder in some areas under the sloped section of the bridge about 0 to 1.5 dB. Overall, the structural acoustic performance of the continuous rigid frame box-girder is superior to that of the simply supported box-girder.
The Mobile Social Network Ecology: Migrant Voices, Organizational Perspectives, and Unveiling Public Mobility in Qualitative Social Network Analysis
Authors: Iannacone Jeannette I.
Published: February 2025

Livelihoods are becoming increasingly defined by one’s (in)ability for and agency over movement, that is, mobility, especially on the transnational scale. Simultaneously, the relational turn of public relations scholarship has emphasized a network perspective, examining how a set of relations among social actors comprise, maintain, and/or disrupt society. Yet the development of the network perspective in public relations has not been without its limitations, notably the absence of public perspectives, actions, and realities—all of which impact the communicative interactions that produce the public’s social networks. Through a qualitative approach to social network analysis (SNA) that integrates ethnographic observations and visual network mapping alongside interviews with recent Afghan refugees and representatives from migrant-serving/advocacy organizations, this research incorporates public and organizational perspectives to highlight mobility as an increasingly important dimension to public formation and relationship dynamics. This monograph proposes the mobile social network ecology, a concept that integrates social network analysis and experiences of public mobility, to better consider mobility’s impacts on key public relationships, inclusive of distinct migrant publics, the civil society organizations (CSOs) that seek to serve them, and their linkages to civil societies on a transnational scale.
The role of constraints in sport technology development for improving perceptual-motor learning and coaching, design, and commercialization outcomes: An ecological dynamics approach to transdisciplinary innovation in start-ups
Authors: Orth Dominic , van der Kamp John , Tissera Kevin , Benson Amanda
Published: February 2025

In sport there are negative aspects of technology use and its innovation that includes concerns about reducing athlete skill diversity. To address this, reconceptualization of the product design process and the position of business models during technology innovation is needed. This paper explores ways in which theories of skill acquisition can be integrated with product design and entrepreneurship, using the interdisciplinary research base on creativity to bridge these domains. Intersecting concepts used to explain creativity are used to evaluate how shared constraints under which members of transdisciplinary teams interact might enhance coordination, communication, and integration of skills during technology innovation. A key gap that we address is how to conceptualize the role that the commercial perspective should have on technology innovation in sport, and the position of users (athletes, coaches, and sport scientists) therein. We propose using ‘sport technology incubators’ as vehicles to integrate business, design, and motor learning frameworks to examine empirical questions surrounding ways of optimizing sport technology innovation while sustainably supporting athlete skill in contexts of training and competition.
The effect of coach identity leadership on athletes’ experiential avoidance: the mediating role of athletes’ perceptions of coach-related critical attitudes and subjective vitality
Authors: Shuaiwei Zheng , Xiangui Bu
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the relationship between coach identity leadership and experiential avoidance, focusing on the mediating roles of athletes’ perceptions of coach-related critical attitudes and subjective vitality. A total of 788 athletes participated, with an average age of 20.52 years and an average of 6.29 years of athletic experience. All participants were athletes competing at or above the second-tier competitive level. Correlation and regression analyses revealed that coach identity leadership was significantly negatively correlated with both athletes’ perceptions of coach-related critical attitudes and experiential avoidance, while it was significantly positively correlated with subjective vitality. Additionally, athletes’ perceptions of coach-related critical attitudes were significantly positively correlated with experiential avoidance, while subjective vitality was significantly negatively correlated with experiential avoidance. Further analysis showed that coach identity leadership indirectly influenced experiential avoidance through athletes’ perceptions of coach-related critical attitudes and subjective vitality. These findings have significant implications for athletes, coaches, management organizations, and academic research.
Ayfer Tunç’s The Highly Unreliable Account of the History of a Madhouse as a multi-perspectival fiction of memory
Authors: Akdoğan Şule
Published: February 2025

This article explores Ayfer Tunç’s The Highly Unreliable Account of the History of a Madhouse as a fiction of memory and proposes that the novel acts as a medium of memory as it not only represents but also actively constructs the past through its inclusive and comprehensive framework, giving voice to diverse and contesting perspectives regarding the interpretation of Türkiye’s past. I also argue that this inclusive and comprehensive framework is constructed through multi-perspectival narration which enables the coexistence of multiple perspectives and their intriguing interplay. By analysing The Highly Unreliable Account of the History of a Madhouse as a multi-perspectival fiction of memory, I thus emphasize that the multi-geographical and multi-temporal scope of the narration draws attention to the importance of inclusive storytelling practices and their worldmaking potential to create representations countering hegemonic, biased, and narrow interpretations of the past.
Cartilage Organoids from Articular Chondroprogenitor Cells and Their Potential to Produce Neo-Hyaline Cartilage
Authors: Menssen Daphne M.A. , Feenstra Jeske C.A. , Janssen Rob P.A. , Abinzano Florencia , Ito Keita
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The use of autologous human primary articular chondrocytes (hPACs) for repairing damaged cartilage is the golden standard; however, their 2-dimensional (2D) expansion induces dedifferentiation, making it challenging to create hyaline cartilage. Spinner flasks are efficient for generating cartilage organoids, allowing hPACs to proliferate without dedifferentiation; however, porcine notochordal cell-derived matrix (NCM) is needed for aggregation, limiting clinical application. Human articular chondroprogenitor cells (hACPCs) can be expanded many fold while maintaining chondrogenic potential. Therefore, the scalable production of hACPC cartilage organoids without NCM in spinner flasks was investigated in this study.

Methods

hPAC organoids with NCM and hACPC organoids using bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9) were produced in spinner flasks in 14 days. Thereafter, approximately 20 organoids were fused in low adhesive wells for 21 days. Organoids underwent mechanical testing, and both organoids and fused constructs were evaluated using biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical analysis.

Results

The hACPCs self-assembled and synthesized abundant extracellular matrix once stimulated with BMP-9. The hPAC and hACPC organoids showed similar mechanical properties, but hACPC organoids and fused constructs showed a more uniform matrix and cell distribution.

Conclusion

The hACPC organoids fused into a neo-hyaline cartilage-like tissue, demonstrating their potential for improved, scalable cartilage tissue repair.
Neither “Platformization” Nor “Infrastructuralization”: Government as a Platform in China
Authors: Yuan Jingyan Elaine , Zhao Yuchao
Published: February 2025

Critically engaging with the prevalent theses of “platformization” and “infrastructuralization” in the mainstream platform studies literature, this empirical study identifies socio-economic actors and examines their relations in digital governance mediated by data-driven platforms in the Chinese context. Through a case study of “the digital reform” in Zhejiang Province, and the affiliated smart city project—City Brain—in Hangzhou, the municipal capital, this study draws on data from participatory observations and interviews to (1) provide a historical context, in which “platformization” in urban governance is aimed to serve market-oriented socio-economic reforms; (2) argue that such “platformization” is shaped by the long-standing structural tension between centralization and localism, which has been renewed by digital data flows; and (3) understand the shifting public–private demarcation in social interactions and arrangements to deflect continual frictions between the state, local agents, and platforms in the domain of digital governance.
Does Race Matter: An Analysis of the Perceptions of the Roles of School Police
Authors: Bailey Caroline M.
Published: February 2025

Following a series of highly publicized school attacks in the 1990s, school resource officers (SROs) became a prominent feature of schools. Organizations such as the National Association of School of Resource Officers have advocated for SROs to provide more resources to schools than just law enforcement, including serving as educators and informal counselors. Current research has failed to consider how stakeholders perceive SROs’ roles in schools and whether these perceptions vary by race. The current study explores how SROs, school staff, and students perceive the role of SROs. Descriptive statistics reveal that, with the exception of SROs, most staff and students perceive SROs primarily as law enforcers. Using t-tests and regression analyses, the results suggest that the perceptions of SROs as educators and informal counselors vary by the stakeholder's race.
Offloading Interventions for the Management of Charcot Neuroarthropathy in Diabetes
Authors: Berhane Thomas , Jeyaraman Kanakamani , Hamilton Mark , Falhammar Henrik
Published: February 2025

Background:

The use of a nonremovable patellar tendon bearing (PTB) cast in Charcot neuroarthropathy (CA) has not been well studied. We describe the offloading devices, including PTB cast used in our setting for the treatment of CA.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective observational study on patients with CA and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) presenting to the multidisciplinary foot clinic at Royal Darwin Hospital, between January 2003 and June 2015. Various immobilization and offloading methods used in CA treatment and their outcomes were analyzed.

Results:

Ninety-three cases of CA were included. PTB cast (n = 76) and a variety of custom-made removable devices (n = 17) were used for initial offloading. Patients treated with PTB casts were allowed to fully weightbear on the affected limb, as tolerated. Initial offloading was continued until the joint stabilized and ulcer healed (6.5±1.9 months), and then patients were transitioned to various orthotic devices and then to accommodative footwear. At the end of the whole offloading treatment (median duration 13.1 months; range 10-24), patients treated with PTB initially had better outcomes compared with patients treated with removable devices.

Conclusion:

Immobilization using PTB casting was an effective offloading method for CA with DFU. With our offloading regimen, Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients had similar outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Measuring Variation in Gaze Following Across Communities, Ages, and Individuals: A Showcase of TANGO-CC (Task for Assessing iNdividual differences in Gaze understanding-Open-Cross-Cultural)
Authors: Prein Julia Christin , Bednarski Florian M. , Dzabatou Ardain , Frank Michael C. , Henderson Annette M. E. , Kalbitz Josefine , Kanngiesser Patricia , Keşşafoğlu Dilara , Köymen Bahar , Manrique-Hernandez Maira V. , Magazi Shirley , Mújica-Manrique Lizbeth , Ohlendorf Julia , Olaoba Damilola , Pieters Wesley R. , Pope-Caldwell Sarah , Sen Umay , Slocombe Katie , Sparks Robert Z. , Stengelin Roman , Sunderarajan Jahnavi , Sutherland Kirsten , Tusiime Florence , Vieira Wilson , Zhang Zhen , Zong Yufei , Haun Daniel B. M. , Bohn Manuel
Published: February 2025

Cross-cultural studies are crucial for investigating the cultural variability and universality of cognitive developmental processes. However, cross-cultural assessment tools in cognition across languages and communities are limited. In this article, we describe a gaze-following task designed to measure basic social cognition across individuals, ages, and communities (the Task for Assessing iNdividual differences in Gaze understanding-Open-Cross-Cultural; TANGO-CC). The task was developed and psychometrically assessed in one cultural setting and, with input of local collaborators, adapted for cross-cultural data collection. Minimal language demands and the web-app implementation allow fast and easy contextual adaptations to each community. TANGO-CC captures individual- and community-level variation and shows good internal consistency in a data set of 2.5- to 11-year-old children from 17 diverse communities. Within-communities variation outweighed between-communities variation. We provide an open-source website for researchers to customize and use the task ( https://ccp-odc.eva.mpg.de/tango-cc ). TANGO-CC can be used to assess basic social cognition in diverse communities and provides a roadmap for researching community-level and individual-level differences across cultures.
Decolonial Approaches to Researching Children and Youth's Digital Cultures: Epistemologies of the South Lenses
Authors: Uzuegbunam Chikezie E.
Published: February 2025

In this special issue colloquium contribution, I make the case for decolonial, exploratory frameworks and approaches to studying children and young people's digital lifeworlds in a changing digital world, that at the same time acknowledges Africa's epistemic diversity and counters the enduring impacts of coloniality on contemporary identities. The discussion is foregrounded within the Epistemologies of the South framework. The colloquium piece argues that the framework is particularly important for examining how children and young people engage with digital culture, as their experiences are often overlooked in mainstream discourse. Research into young people's digital cultures and lifeworlds particularly in the global South is crucial for understanding the implications of digital culture on young lives and their future. To this end, I propose utilising decolonial approaches such as mobile diaries and mobile diary interviews, decolonial listening, and photovoice (and spatial mapping). The point of these participatory methods is to find out more about the rich and varied digital social lives of young adult Africans, with agentic power, who are not following Western norms, who are involved in a process of hybridising local and global digital cultures and accepting decolonial ways of being, power, and knowledge. The piece explores questions such as: What opportunities do the above methods offer for researching children and young people's digital cultures or lifeworlds, especially in marginalized contexts? What ethical considerations and conundrums are to be expected? How do we navigate such constraints? The colloquium concludes that one of the significances of utilising these decolonial methods in researching children and young people is that they ensure the direct hearing of children and young people's voices, highlighting their agency as experts in their own digital lives.
Teaching Knowledge and Empathy in Substance Use Disorder Through Enriched Education in the Neurobiology of Addiction: A Narrative Review on Addiction Education in Professional Schools
Authors: Newman Leslie C. , Swisshelm Ashley T.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Addiction is a devastating chronic disease requiring significant resources and attention. Healthcare professionals have noted struggles in caring for patients with substance use disorder (SUD) due to stigma, perceived difficulties in dealing with patients, and issues with treatment compliance. Challenges in dealing with individuals with SUD may stem from an inadequate understanding of the disease and consequent misconceptions about patient behaviors. The type and extent of addiction education affect the depth of understanding of SUD and shape attitudes toward patients. In this review, we explore aspects of addiction education including examining curricular guidelines and educational strategies, especially regarding the neurobiology of addiction.

Methods:

We conducted a narrative review using online databases and search engines to identify studies related to addiction/SUD education with emphasis on the type and extent of neurobiological content.

Results:

Studies examining addiction education document deficiencies that may contribute to insufficiencies in SUD treatment and disrespectful treatment of individuals with SUD. There is also a lack of detail regarding the extent of the neurobiology of addiction education in professional core courses and curricular guidelines. Implementing a more detailed approach to addiction education with more comprehensive neurobiology is discussed along with strategies to motivate students to learn and appreciate these complex details.

Conclusions:

While there are many aspects of addiction education, a solid foundation in the neurobiological mechanisms of addiction is important to establish an appreciation for the disease nature of addiction and the resulting behaviors of the individual. Teaching beyond the rewarding nature of addiction is essential to enable students to comprehend how the activation of survival stress systems and compromised decision-making affects the behavior of individuals with SUD. A more comprehensive understanding of addiction fosters more respect for individuals with SUD and creates potential for more opportunities for effective treatment.
Single-cell dynamics of breakthrough toxicities following anakinra prophylaxis for axicabtagene ciloleucel in lymphoma
Authors: Frigault Matthew J. , Yao Estelle , Berger Trisha R , Wehrli Marc , Gallagher Kathleen M.E. , Horick Nora , Graham Charlotte E , Jacobson Caron A. , Chen Yi-Bin , Leick Mark B. , DeFilipp Zachariah , El-Jawahri Areej , Johnson P. Connor Connor , Dolaher Maria , Katsis Katelin , Kim Austin I. , Crombie Jennifer L. , Merryman Reid W. , Cook Daniella , Trailor Michael , Cho Hana , Jeffrey Richard , Shen Rhine R. , Filosto Simone , Nater Jenny , Getz Gad , Haradhvala Nicholas J , Maus Marcela V.
Published: February 2025

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is limited by cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity (NT). We sought to use once-daily prophylactic anakinra, an IL-1R antagonist, to prevent CRS/NT that would require hospitalization (grade 2 or higher) in patients receiving axicabtagene ciloleucel for large cell lymphoma, with the goal of facilitating outpatient therapy and management. Our study (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT04150913), in line with others, demonstrated that once-daily prophylactic anakinra is insufficient to prevent the development of toxicities that would require hospitalization in most of these patients. As part of the initial study design, we prospectively incorporated scRNAseq to gain insight into the molecular immune signaling associated with breakthrough CRS & NT despite anakinra prophylaxis. In patients who developed breakthrough CRS or NT, we found that IFNg pathways and ligand-receptor activities were significantly enriched, as were cytokine levels of IFNg and CXCL10 in CD14+ monocytes. This correlated with increased IFNg and other cytokines in the peripheral blood. In infused CAR-T products, IL-4 and IL-10 anti-inflammatory pathways were negatively associated with grade 2+ toxicities, regardless of anakinra treatment. These data identify IFNg as a potential key mechanism in CAR-T cell-associated toxicities, which is not inhibited by anakinra but may be otherwise targetable.
The role of LH in follicle development: from physiology to new clinical implications
Authors: Longo Maria , Liuzzi Francesca , De Carlini Serena , La Marca Antonio
Published: February 2025

The process of follicle development is closely regulated by two pituitary gonadotropins: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Traditionally, folliculogenesis is considered to be divided into a gonadotropin-independent phase and a gonadotropin-dependent phase. Despite this, recent evidence has demonstrated that functional LH receptors are expressed even in smaller follicles during the phase considered to be gonadotropin independent. Luteinizing hormone promotes androgen synthesis within ovarian follicles and seems to significantly contribute to accelerate and enhance the transition from the primordial to the antral stage of folliculogenesis. Thus, LH could play a fundamental role in determining the number of recruitable antral follicles, with a direct impact on the cyclic recruitment of follicles and reproductive potential. Common clinical conditions of pituitary suppression such as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, other than pregnancy and combined oral contraceptive use, have been considered to analyze the effect of lower serum LH levels on the functional ovarian reserve. This review outlines recent findings on the mechanisms of human follicle development, based on human and animal models, with a direct focus on possible new clinical applications.
Responses to extreme drought in wintering waterbirds: a multi-species approach
Authors: Wang Chenxi , Xia Shaoxia , Yu Xiubo , Wen Li
Published: February 2025

Background

Climate change and anthropogenic activities are accelerating environmental changes, challenging wild animals’ survival. Behavioral plasticity, such as adjusting habitat selection and foraging activity, is a key mechanism for responding to rapid environmental changes in the Anthropocene era. However, this shift may expose animals to new challenges. Moreover, not all behavioral plasticity is adaptive, as evidenced by ecological traps. This study focuses on Poyang Lake, a Ramsar wetland and a critical wintering ground for waterbirds in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Historically, the migratory patterns of waterbirds were synchronized with the plant life cycle. However, recent hydrological regime changes have diminished suitable habitats and food resources, thereby posing significant conservation challenges for waterbirds.

Methods

Utilizing multiyear satellite tracking data, we examined the variations in wintering home range and behaviors of four herbivorous waterbird species between natural and artificial wetlands in Poyang Lake under different hydrological conditions.

Results

Our results reveal significant differences in home range area and movement speed among species and across hydrological years. All species demonstrated a marked increase in their use of artificial wetlands under unfavorable conditions. Specifically, the Greater White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons) shifted its distribution to artificial wetlands during drought years while favoring natural wetlands under normal conditions, indicating a stress-induced adaptation. In contrast, the Bean Goose (A. fabalis) and Swan Goose (A. cygnoid) displayed greater behavioral plasticity. Notably, the Siberian Crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) increasingly used artificial wetlands, likely due to human protection, raising concerns about potential ecological traps. Additionally, waterbirds foraging in artificial wetlands generally exhibited higher movement speeds during drought conditions. This behavior suggests maladaptation and a more dispersed distribution.

Conclusions

Our study underscored the critical role of artificial wetlands in supporting migratory waterbirds during drought, though elevated movement speeds observed in these habitats suggest potential maladaptation. Species-specific responses raise concerns about ecological traps if these habitats fail to meet key ecological needs. To ensure long-term conservation, efforts should focus on preserving natural wetlands and enhancing the quality of artificial habitats. Future research should prioritize long-term monitoring to guide habitat management and address species-specific needs in the face of climate change and habitat degradation.

Graphic abstract