bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association between strategic cost management and enterprise risk management: A critical literature review
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed , Wickramainghe Ananda , Razik Marwa Abdel
Published: February 2017

Reviewing literature and application of strategic cost management (SCM) and enterprise risk management (ERM) are critical and significant for corporate management to facilitate top management to employ appropriate SCM and ERM processes and systems especially in occurrence of constant and regular business turn around, crises and turbulence in recent time in world of business. This paper revisits and reviews the association between strategic cost management and enterprise risk management. Based on this review, the following propositions were developed; firm, which adopted SCM, is more likely to adopt ERM approach, there is a positive relationship between audit type and the association between ERM and SCM, and there is a positive relationship between company size and the association between ERM and SCM. The association between ERM and SCM differs from industry to another. The study also develops a framework for SCM composes of the following items: SWOT analysis, benchmarking, competitive advantage, value chain analysis, implement strategy that reduce cost during the value chain analysis by using target costing, accounting based-costing, accounting based-management, just in time, total quality management, life cycle, theory of constraints, and measure performance by using balanced scorecard.
Infrastructure quality, firm characteristics and foreign ownership in Africa: Evidence from firm level manufacturing data
Authors: Moyo Busani , Makoni Patricia Lindelwa
Published: February 2017

The primary objective of this study was to examine the role played by the quality of infrastructure and firm heterogeneity on the amount and probability of being foreign invested using maximum likelihood techniques like the Probit and Tobit models. Results show that firm size and skilled labor have a positive and significant effect in attracting FDI, whilst firm age, unionization and power outages have a negative and significant effect. Water problems do not matter much in attracting foreign investors.
Material flows analysis of plastic in Thailand
Authors: Bureecam Chira , Chaisomphob Taweep , Sungsomboon Praj-Ya
Published: February 2017

A study of the plastics materials flow analysis in Thailand was aim to show the flow of plastic materials through production, consumption, and waste management based on the year 2013 and projection to the year 2020. This paper finds the plastic waste generation increasing steadily in line with population growth and increasing consumption. In addition, the simulation under waste management three scenarios includes the following: the business as usual, increasing recycled rate set on the National Solid Waste Management Master Plan (2016-2021) and increasing in rate of energy recovery by the Alternative Energy Development Plan 2015-2036. The plastic material flow analysis has shown that the implementation of the National Solid Waste Management Master Plan (2016-2021) or the Alternative Energy Development Plan 2015-2036 can reduce uncollected waste and improper waste disposal. Moreover, there is benefit by adding value from recycled materials and energy recovery.
Simulation of flow boiling of nanofluid in tube based on lattice Boltzmann model
Authors: Yao Shouguang , Huang Tao , Zhao Kai , Zeng Jianbang , Wang Shuhua
Published: February 2017

In this study, a lattice Boltzmann model of bubble flow boiling in a tube is established. The bubble growth, integration, and departure of 3% Al2O3-water nanofluid in the process of flow boiling are selected to simulate. The effects of different bubble distances and lateral accelerations a on the bubble growth process and the effect of heat transfer are investigated. Results showed that with an increase in the bubble distance, the bubble coalescence and the effect of heat transfer become gradual. With an increase in lateral acceleration a, the bubble growth is different. When a = 0.5e?7 and a = 0.5e?6, the bubble growth includes the process of bubble growth, coalescence, detachment, and fusion with the top bubble and when a = 0.5e?5 and a = 0.5e?4, the bubbles only experience growth and fusion, and the bubbles do not merge with the top bubble directly to the right movement because the lateral acceleration is too large, resulting in the enhanced effect of heat transfer in the tube.
Estimation of simple and complex response time development using regression analysis
Authors: Jaworski Janusz , Madejski Eligiusz , Kosiba Grażyna , Wiatr Sylwia
Published: February 2017

Introduction.The aim of the study was to determine the age, level of achieving maximum results and growth of reaction time dynamics. Materials and methods. The study included 567 males of age between 7 and 22 years. Study materials included the results of simple reaction time and complex reaction time during progressive period. Conclusions. Progressive period of results' development lasts until the age of about 17-17.5, then stabilization of the analyzed results was observe. The most dynamic growth of all types of reaction time was observed in the analyzed 7 and 8-year-old boys.
Environmental diversity in somatic development and physical fitness of six-year-old children
Authors: Trzcińska Dorota , Świderska Dorota , Tabor Piotr , Olszewska Elżbieta
Published: February 2017

Introduction. In the auxologic literature numerous publications confirming the importance of environmental factors for the biological processes of growth and development of motor skills of children and adolescents can be found. The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of the level of somatic development and physical fitness of six-year-old children in urban and rural areas. Material and methods. The study was conducted in 2011-2013. A total of 1,057 children, including the 371 boys and girls from the Warsaw agglomeration and 147 boys and 168 girls from the rural environment in the Lublin region were subjects of the study. The average age was 5.87 (±0.30) years. In order to determine the status of somatic development the following features were measured: height and weight, 3 circumferences (shoulder, chest and waist), and 5 skinfolds (above the biceps and triceps, subscapular, on the stomach and on the calf). To assess the motor level the fitness test was used, consisting of the 5 following tests: seated forward bend, shuttle run 10x5 m, standing long jump, sitting-up for 30 s, and 1 kg medicine ball throw with both hands above the head forward. In the mathematical analysis of numerical data the selected techniques of descriptive statistics and Student's t-test and chisquare test were used. Results. Average values of height and weight, and body circumferences were higher in the rural areas (in these measurements of boys' body weight and broad parameters differed significantly). In environments differing in the degree of urbanization of place of residence a similar level of fatness was reported. In the most tests of physical fitness better results were achieved by rural children. This dominance was found especially in the 10x5 m shuttle run and the medicine ball throw. In these tests, there were significant differences in both sex groups. In addition, rural boys achieved significantly better results in the standing long jump and girls - in forward bend. Conclusions. The presence of signaled in the literature urbanization gradients in the rates of somatic development in favor of the urban population was not confirmed. In terms of selected anthropometric parameters (body circumferences) even a significant advantage of six-year-old children in rural areas against the peers in the city was noted. Dominance of the respondents from the rural environment has also been found in the image of their physical fitness. Higher levels of somatic-motor school readiness of six-year-old children from rural areas as compared with urban peers were shown.
W–Cu composites subjected to heavy hot deformation
Authors: Yu Yang , Xu Xiaoqiang , Zhang Wencong
Published: February 2017

The effect of plastic deformation on the properties and microstructure of W–Cu composites produced by multi-pass hot extrusion with steel cup was investigated. W–Cu composites were sintered at 1 100 °C and then the sintered billets were firstly extruded at 900 °C with different extrusion ratios. The second hot extrusion was performed at 900 °C. The plastic deformation of copper phase plays a dominant part during the whole extrusion process. The microstructural evolution of W phase during the whole processing of heavy hot deformation can be divided into different stages. Experimental results indicate that the W agglomeration will be broken into fine particles effectively when the accumulated plastic deformation amounts to 97.6 % after the second extrusion.
Thomas More’s Dialogue Concerning Heresies: Humanism, Readers, and the Boundaries of Consensus
Authors: Barnett Mary Jane
Published: February 2017

This article analyzes the strategies of narrative and argument with which Thomas More tries to bring under control the dissenting readings of Scripture by English Protestants while preserving the possibility of faithful and educated individual readings as encouraged by the humanist method. Indeed, written as a dialogue, More’s text itself calls on humanist method. This article suggests that through the persistent evocation of consensus, that transhistorical unanimity that “maketh all of one mind in the house of God” (Ps 67,7) (CW 6, 191/ 21-22), More finally reshapes the notions of the right reader and right reading.
Humanist Ecclesiology in Theory: The Dating of John Colet’s Written Works
Authors: Arnold Jonathan
Published: February 2017

If John Colet’s (1467-1519) ideas were influenced by his experience of the Church, then this development ought to be traceable, to some extent, in his texts. However, this is not the case: Colet rarely made a reference to specific events or people within the works, leaving little indication of where and when a particular work was composed. From a close examination of the extant manuscripts and their scribal hands, I argue that Colet composed, or began composing, most of his works in Oxford, prior to his move to London in 1505, and that his lifelong search for clerical perfection had its roots in his Oxford period of study and lecturing. Infused by Italian humanism, Colet took his new knowledge and, whilst in Oxford, applied it to the scriptures, to his theology and to his ecclesiology. As Dean of St. Paul’s, he attempted to apply a rigid system of reform, regardless of the realities of the situation: it was not an ecclesiology influenced by contextual ministry, but was developed in the abstract. Due to this early development of his ecclesiology, his Church ideal remained inflexible in London, and remained inappropriate to the situation with which he was confronted at St. Paul’s.
Digital Thomas More
Authors: Lakowski Romuald I.
Published: February 2017

In this paper I would like to suggest various ways in which “Digital Humanities” or “Humanities Computing,” could change the whole field of Thomas More Studies in the future. I will begin by discussing a couple of existing projects that I am already working on and go on to propose a couple of other potential projects, that are at the ideas or early planning stages, both of which would require extensive collaboration. These four projects are: 1) a TEI-encoded digital edition of Thomas More’s English Poetry, 2) the International Thomas More Bibliography, 3) a proposal for a collaborative edition of Thomas More’s Utopia including an extensive commentary, and 4) an electronic archive or database of all of Thomas More’s “letters and papers,” including the trial documents and important contemporary references.
Evaluation of Periodontal Changes Adjacent to Extraction Sites during Upper Canine Retraction
Authors: Al-Jundi Azzam , Sabbagh Basem Al , Baskaradoss Jagan K
Published: February 2017

Introduction

There is an intimate relationship between orthodontic therapy and the periodontal changes that occur during tooth movement.

Materials and methods

This prospective clinical trial aims at investigating the movement of both the free and attached gingiva, as well as the movement of the alveolar bone in the extraction site of the upper 1st premolars during the retraction of the upper canines. In this study, 17 patients (10 female, 7 male) requiring 1st premolar extraction before orthodontic tooth movement were selected and treated at the Department of Orthodontics in the Faculty of Dentistry in University of Hama, Hama, Syria. The upper 1st premolars were extracted, and the implant AutoTacs were applied on the alveolar bone afterward. Then, measurements between the center of the implant AutoTacs and the L-shape wire were taken, utilizing digital Vernier caliper. After 3 weeks of extraction, tattooing marked points were placed on the free and the attached gingival, and the measurements were taken using the same digital Vernier caliper. Closed coil springs made of nickel-titanium were used to retract the upper canines, and a force of 150 gm was applied.

Results

The results of this study showed significant differences between the movement of both the free and attached gingiva and the movement of the corresponding upper canines (p < 0.001). The movement of the free gingiva had formed about 77% of the amount of the movement of the upper canine retraction. No significant differences were detected between the place of implant AutoTac X1 and the L-shaped wire (W) during the retraction of the upper canine. On the contrary, significant differences were noticed between the place of implant AutoTac X2 and the L-shaped wire (W) during the retraction of the upper canine (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

There is significant movement of hard and soft tissues during and after premolar extraction and orthodontic therapy.

Clinical significance

The movement of supporting tissues of the teeth along with the alveolar bone during canine retraction is an important biological characteristic of the orthodontic tooth movement. Clinicians need to understand the role and importance of the supporting tissues during orthodontic treatment, which needs to be incorporated into their routine clinical evaluations.

How to cite this article

Al-Jundi A, Al Sabbagh B, Baskaradoss JK. Evaluation of Periodontal Changes Adjacent to Extraction Sites during Upper Canine Retraction. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(2):117-125.
Child Abuse and Neglect: Do We know enough? A Cross-sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Dentists regarding Child Abuse and Neglect in Pune, India
Authors: Malpani Suruchi , Arora Jatin , Diwaker Gunjeeta , Kaleka Priyajeet Kaur , Parey Aditi , Bontala Parinita
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant global problem with a serious impact on the victims throughout their lives. Dentists have the unique opportunity to address this problem. However, reporting such cases has become a sensitive issue due to the uncertainty of the diagnosis. The authors are testing the knowledge of the dentists toward CAN and also trying to question the efforts of the educational institutions to improve this knowledge for the better future of the younger generation.

Materials and methods

Questionnaire data were distributed to 1,106 members regarding their knowledge, professional responsibilities, and behavior concerning child abuse.

Results

There were 762 responses to the questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 68.9%. Although dentists consider themselves able to identify suspicious cases, only a small percentage of the participants correctly identified all signs of abuse and 76.8% knew the indicators of child abuse. Most of them were willing to get involved in detecting a case and about 90% believed that it is their ethical duty to report child abuse. Only 7.2% suspected an abuse case in the past. The numbers indicate a lack of awareness about CAN in these participants. No differences were observed between sexes, year of graduation, types of license, frequency at which children were treated, and formal training already received.

Conclusion

A large proportion of child physical abuse cases go undocumented and unreported. The data showed that not all dental care providers and students were prepared to fulfill their legal and professional responsibilities in these situations.

Clinical significance

There should be modifications in the dental school curriculum focusing on educational experiences regarding child abuse to strengthen their capability to care and protect children.

How to cite this article

Malpani S, Arora J, Diwaker G, Kaleka PK, Parey A, Bontala P. Child Abuse and Neglect: Do We know enough? A Cross-sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Dentists regarding Child Abuse and Neglect in Pune, India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(2):162-169.
Prehospital Trauma Care
Authors: Sharma SM
Published: February 2017

The global human population is spread all over the world, but cities, towns, and large villages have dense concentrations of human inhabitation. The inhabitants of cities and towns do have easy and satisfactory access for the management of traumatized patients. However, trauma victims in remote and distant regions, generally, do not have ambulance services or treatment centers nearby to deal effectively with injuries. Even on highways, at accident sites, the injured may succumb to the injuries due to delay in rescue and nonavailability of vital basic life support compounded by delay in transportation of the patient to appropriate hospital or dedicated trauma center. Other factors which add to mortality are nonavailability of trained and experienced personnel at the accident site, inadequate and improper resuscitation during transportation, and referral to a hospital ill-equipped to treat traumatized patients. Trauma is the leading cause of death for patients in their first four decades of life. Prehospital trauma care to save life has not received the necessary attention in developing world due to diverse reasons, including lack of trained staff, inadequate funding, lack of awareness, ignorance, lack of will, and unpredictability of occurrence of accidents. Trauma management remains neglected in third world countries; however, the developed countries have made continuous efforts to save lives of traumatized patients by systematized prehospital care at the site of accident, rescue, and extrication of victims, rendering lifesaving resuscitation on the spot and quick and safe evacuation of the patients to trauma centers by surface and air ambulances depending upon the terrain and distance of the site of occurrence from hospital with continuous monitoring of the patient onboard. Prehospital trauma care needs focused attention to evolve a system and institutions which would impart care to the wounded inclusive of rescue, resuscitation, stabilization of vital parameters, and safe transportation to a dedicated hospital to save life and prevent morbidity.

How to cite this article

Sharma SM. Prehospital Trauma Care. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(4):158-163.
O Fundo Monetário Internacional e a proteção dos Direitos Humanos: Uma análise do programa de crescimento e redução da pobreza no Haiti
Authors: Simões de Tomaz Carlos Alberto , De Lanna Costa Pablo Henrique Hubner
Published: February 2017

A proteção dos direitos humanos é o destaque da agenda mundial contemporânea e peça fundamental para o saudável desenvolvimento da humanidade. Estes direitos, por vezes estão ligados a questões econômicas. O Fundo Monetário Internacional historicamente presta auxílio intelectual e financeiro a países com déficits na balança de pagamento. A relação do Fundo com os direitos humanos é altamente controvertida e discutida no âmbito acadêmico. Com o passar do tempo as formas e mecanismos de auxílio promovidos pelo FMI mudaram sobremaneira, tal fato carreou a criação do Programa de Crescimento e Redução da Pobreza, cujo escopo era auxiliar países altamente endividados e com elevados índices de pobreza. Sendo assim, o presente artigo analisará o referido programa no universo da República Haitiana, bem como a relação do Fundo Monetário Internacional com os direitos humanos.
O Direito Transnacional (“Global Law”) e a crise de paradigma do Estado-centrismo: é possível conceber uma ordem jurídica transnacional?
Authors: Nogueira Barbosa Luiza , Raizer Borges Moschen Valesca
Published: February 2017

Com a crescente globalização e inter-relações jurídicas, sociais e econômicas para além das fronteiras estatais, surgem os denominados UNO’s (“unidentified normative objects”), elaborados por diversos atores privados, mormente não-estatais, que reivindicam seu reconhecimento como normas jurídicas. Nesse contexto, o conjunto dessas normas forma o direito global, ou direito transnacional, cuja possibilidade de existência tem sido alvo de ataques ceticistas, principalmente de adeptos de uma teoria monista do direito, para os quais direito e Estado tendem a ser tomados como sinônimos. O presente artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar que, a despeito da teoria monista ora consolidada entre a maioria dos juristas brasileiros, uma análise histórico-sociológica demonstra que o direito sempre existiu, independentemente de Estado e é esta a base pela qual se deve justificar a existência do direito transnacional. Dessa forma, assenta-se a teoria do pluralismo jurídico como teoria fundamentadora para concepção do direito global. Mais adiante, demonstra o artigo a necessidade de reconstrução teórica do sistema jurídico, por meio da ruptura do paradigma do nacionalismo metodológico, vez que se conclui que as tentativas de teorização da legitimidade do direito global fundadas em sistemas jurídicos estatais estão fadadas ao fracasso. Por este motivo, apresenta-se a solução concebida pelo professor Lars Viellechner, para o qual a legitimidade e os limites do direito transnacional encontram escopo na eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais.
O Direito Transnacional como um Processo Jurídico - uma Metodologia: um estudo das normas que regem os aspectos processuais da arbitragem
Authors: Mange Flavia Foz
Published: February 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a existência de um direito transnacional aplicado às questões processuais que regem o procedimento arbitral. No meio arbitral, há amplo debate sobre a existência de uma ordem arbitral autônoma, uma ordem jurídica transnacional. No entanto, não há discussão específica sobre a aplicação do método transnacional aos aspectos processuais da arbitragem, que é o objeto deste artigo. Parte-se da hipótese de que os aspectos processuais da arbitragem são regidos por um direito transnacional, sendo este entendido por um processo jurídico, uma metodologia que considera uma pluralidade de fontes. A primeira parte apresenta o desenvolvimento do conceito de direito transnacional como uma metodologia tendo como base uma exploração bibliográfica partindo da obra de Jessup e analisando os conceitos desenvolvidos por Vagts (Teoria do Processo Transnacional); Koh (Processo Legal Transnacional); Calliess e Zumbansen (Direito transnacional como proposição metodológica); e Gaillard (Método Transnacional). A segunda parte aplica este conceito de direito transnacional aos aspectos processuais da arbitragem, analisando a pluralidade normativa que é considerada para tomada de decisões processuais na arbitragem e fazendo um estudo de caso de algumas dessas normas. A pesquisa realizada neste artigo teve como foco as arbitragens comerciais internacionais, não englobando as arbitragens de investimento ou arbitragens domésticas. Sob o prisma de uma metodologia transnacional, que analisa as fontes utilizadas para as decisões processuais na arbitragem e a forma de tomada dessas decisões (e não seus conteúdos e códigos), é possível afirmar a existência de um direito transnacional arbitral.
Desativismo judicial: a extradição Battisti no Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Paulino Israel , Rezek José Francisco
Published: February 2017

Na ordem jurídica brasileira a extradição reponta em mais de um tópico da Constituição Federal, sendo regulada no plano ordinário pelo Estatuto do Estrangeiro e pelos tratados internacionais que comprometem o Brasil ___ entre estes o compromisso bilateral com a Itália, vigente desde 1993. A própria Carta dispõe sobre o instituto em quatro oportunidades: ao vedar, no rol de garantias, a extradição de brasileiro e do acusado de crime político ou de opinião; ao atribuir à União a competência privativa para legislar sobre a matéria; e ao reservar à competência originária do Supremo Tribunal Federal o processo e julgamento da extradição solicitada por Estado estrangeiro
Leaf-scale experiments reveal an important omission in the Penman–Monteith equation
Authors: Schymanski Stanislaus J. , Or Dani
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The Penman–Monteith (PM) equation is commonly considered the most advanced physically based approach to computing transpiration rates from plants considering stomatal conductance and atmospheric drivers. It has been widely evaluated at the canopy scale, where aerodynamic and canopy resistance to water vapour are difficult to estimate directly, leading to various empirical corrections when scaling from leaf to canopy. Here, we evaluated the PM equation directly at the leaf scale, using a detailed leaf energy balance model and direct measurements in a controlled, insulated wind tunnel using artificial leaves with fixed and predefined stomatal conductance. Experimental results were consistent with a detailed leaf energy balance model; however, the results revealed systematic deviations from PM-predicted fluxes, which pointed to fundamental problems with the PM equation. Detailed analysis of the derivation by Monteith(1965) and subsequent amendments revealed two errors: one in neglecting two-sided exchange of sensible heat by a planar leaf, and the other related to the representation of hypostomatous leaves, which are very common in temperate climates. The omission of two-sided sensible heat flux led to bias in simulated latent heat flux by the PM equation, which was as high as 50 % of the observed flux in some experiments. Furthermore, we found that the neglect of feedbacks between leaf temperature and radiative energy exchange can lead to additional bias in both latent and sensible heat fluxes. A corrected set of analytical solutions for leaf temperature as well as latent and sensible heat flux is presented, and comparison with the original PM equation indicates a major improvement in reproducing experimental results at the leaf scale. The errors in the original PM equation and its failure to reproduce experimental results at the leaf scale (for which it was originally derived) propagate into inaccurate sensitivities of transpiration and sensible heat fluxes to changes in atmospheric conditions, such as those associated with climate change (even with reasonable present-day performance after calibration). The new formulation presented here rectifies some of the shortcomings of the PM equation and could provide a more robust starting point for canopy representation and climate change studies.
Evaluating the Human Resource Management Practices Effectiveness and Providing a Comprehensive Model (The Case of Nir Pars Company)
Authors: Ghiyasvand Davood , Teimouri Hadi , Ansari Reza
Published: February 2017

Nowadays, as organizations advance towards development and progress, the need for efficient labor will be more noticeable. In such circumstances, the success of organizations in economic, cultural, social and governmental interactions is due to competence and effectiveness of Human resources and in fact human resources are the major assistance in achieving organizational goals and improving performance.The purpose of this article is to explore the level of business intelligence and propose a comprehensive model for Nir Pars Company in Tehran. This is an applied, descriptive-correlation research, conducted by survey methodology. A collection of 400 experts and managers of different organizational levels of Nir Pars Company were the statistical population of the study and a batch of 225 persons were chosen by simple random sampling as the research sample. Library method was used for data collection to form the theoretical foundations of the research, and we used our own questionnaire to confirm or refute the research hypotheses; which has the required reliability and validity (Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.961). To explore the relationships between the elements of the Model, factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques were used. According to achieved results, the level of business intelligence exceeds the allowable amount (0.78 for all parameters of the model).
Educators Performance Management in Secondary Schools in Mauritius
Authors: Sharma Bhaugeerutty Vinod
Published: February 2017

In line with the recommendations of the Task Force on Performance Management, the Pay Research Bureau (PRB) report 2008 recommended, inter alia, that all Ministries/Departments should evaluate and review periodically their performance in relation to established targets. The Education Commission of 2008recommended that all schools should put in place school-based management (SBM) by the year 2010. The SBM should comprise a number of key elements, of which the development of formal procedures and resources for educator’s appraisal and development. Schools have been advised, and in fact they all pledged, to establish an educator performance system by the end of 2010.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 9, No. 1
Authors: Green Lily
Published: February 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2017
On Interactive Teching Model of Translation Course Based on Wechat
Authors: Lin Wang
Published: February 2017

Constructivism is a theory related to knowledge and learning, focusing on learners’ subjective initiative, based on which the interactive approach has been proved to play a crucial role in language learning. Accordingly, the interactive approach can also be applied to translation teaching since translation itself is a bilingual transformational and communicative act. For a long period of time, there are a few universities in China having made use of network for translation teaching, but it is a pity that the most popular communicative software Wechat has not been attached importance to. This paper aims to elaborate the problems in current translation teaching and construct a new model for translation teaching through Wechat so as to further improve students’ subjective initiative and the teaching efficiency.
A Plasmonic Coupling Substrate Based on Sandwich Structure of Ultrathin Silica‐Coated Silver Nanocubes and Flower‐Like Alumina‐Coated Etched Aluminum for Sensitive Detection of Biomarkers in Urine
Authors: Nguyen Minh‐Kha , Su Wei‐Nien , Hwang Bing‐Joe
Published: February 2017

Interactions between substrate and plasmonic nanostructures can give rise to unique optical properties and influence performance in plasmonic biosensing applications. In this study, a substrate with low refractive index and roughness based on flower‐like alumina‐coated etched aluminum foil (f‐Al2O3/e‐Al) has been fabricated. Silver@silica (Ag@SiO2) nanocubes (NCs) assemble in an edge–edge configuration when deposited on this substrate. The rough surface texture of f‐Al2O3/e‐Al provides a pathway for coupling of incident light to surface plasmons. The Ag@SiO2/f‐Al2O3/e‐Al substrate exhibits a coupling efficiency of laser light sources into surface plasmon hotspots for both surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and metal‐enhanced photoluminescence (MEPL). Moreover, the shelf life of this substrate is significantly improved due to a reduction in oxygen diffusion rate mediated by the ultrathin silica spacer and the flower‐like Al2O3 dielectric layer. Creatinine and flavin adenine dinucleotide are biomolecules present in human blood and urine. With advanced label‐free SERS and MEPL techniques, it is possible to detect these biomarkers in urine, allowing cheap, noninvasive, yet sensitive analysis. The approach explored in this work can be developed into a powerful encoding tool for high‐throughput bioanalysis.
Individual differences in zoo‐housed squirrel monkeys' (Saimiri sciureus) reactions to visitors, research participation, and personality ratings
Authors: Polgár Zita , Wood Lara , Haskell Marie J.
Published: February 2017

Understanding individual differences in captive squirrel monkeys is a topic of importance both for improving welfare by catering to individual needs, and for better understanding the results and implications of behavioral research. In this study, 23 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), housed in an environment that is both a zoo enclosure and research facility, were assessed for (i) the time they spent by an observation window under three visitor conditions: no visitors, small groups, and large groups; (ii) their likelihood of participating in voluntary research; and (iii) zookeepers, ratings of personality. A Friedman's ANOVA and Wilcoxon post‐hoc tests comparing mean times found that the monkeys spent more time by the window when there were large groups present than when there were small groups or no visitors. Thus, visitors do not seem to have a negative effect and may be enriching for certain individuals. Through GLMM and correlational analyses, it was found that high scores on the personality trait of playfulness and low scores on cautiousness, depression, and solitude were significant predictors of increased window approach behavior when visitors were present. The GLMM and correlational analyses assessing the links between personality traits and research participation found that low scores of cautiousness and high scores of playfulness, gentleness, affection, and friendliness, were significant predictors. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to selection bias and its potential confounding effect on cognitive studies with voluntary participation.
The false Donald J. Trump article and the ethics of misleading journalism
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A.
Published: February 2017

On August 8, 2016, a story appeared on the top page of Yahoo that read “Trump: You people really believed me?” It was written by Walker Lundy of the Charlotte Observer in Charlotte, NC, USA on August 6, 2016. The article was shocking, even to a non‐U.S. citizen, because it revealed the sudden, and unexpected, withdrawal of Donald J. Trump from the U.S. Presidential race, which would surely have been welcome news for the Hillary Clinton camp. Less than 24 hours later, that article could no longer be traced on Yahoo, and the original links led to a 404 error. The original story is still published on another Charlotte Observer webpage. National and independent polls related to the presidential election fluctuate, but pollsters are always influenced by news events related to either candidate. Yet, one has to wonder why Mr. Lundy would have published a false and misleading story, which was widely circulated, including by the powerful media engine Yahoo, that has serious national and international consequences. Some of the policies espoused by both presidential candidates are radically different, and thus any media story that can tilt the opinion of readers in the direction of one or other candidate needs to be carefully analyzed. Sowing doubt by using false or misleading journalism does not do the public any favors and casts a doubtful light on the practice of political journalism. The Charlotte Observer and Mr. Lundy failed to respond to a request for comment.
Impact of pH regulation on multicopper oxidase production and swarming motility in the bacterium Proteus hauseri ZMd44
Authors: Su Chang , Chen Zhiyang , Ng I‐Son
Published: February 2017

Proteus hauseri ZMd44, a biodecolorizing bacterium, has been known to produce electricity and multicopper oxidase (Mco‐laccase) under copper induction. However, optimization and regulation of production have not been explored. This study is the first attempt to evaluate several parameters on biomass and Mco‐laccase production of P. hauseri ZMd44. Through orthogonal experiments with Taguchi's L9, it was found that P. hauseri ZMd44 was sensitive to pH value. The cells grew relatively quickly at pH 7, thus the biomass and Mco‐laccase production reached 1.66 g/L and 1043.6 U/L, respectively. Higher pH values also influenced the swarming motility, which is an important characteristic of P. hauseri ZMd44 that affects urinary tract infection. The swarming circle and the diameter of the swarm, represented by the motility velocity, were found to be more controlled after 24 h of growth at pH 6. The swarming ability of P. hauseri was completely inhibited by the addition of 3 mM copper or zinc ions. Therefore, the Mco‐laccase and swarming motility could be controlled by regulating pH and ion content.
Über den Drehwert Einblicke in die Solvathülle gewinnen
Authors: Merten Christian
Published: February 2017

Der optische Drehwert einer chiralen Verbindung ist mehr als nur eine Konstante. Wie andere physikalische Eigenschaften auch ist der Drehwert abhängig von den Bedingungen, unter denen er gemessen wird. Am Beispiel von Propylenoxid wurde gezeigt, dass diese vermeintlich einfache molekulare Eigenschaft im Experiment durch das Verhalten des Lösungsmittels in seiner Umgebung stark verfälscht werden kann. Besonders die chirale Anordnung der Solvathülle hat hierbei einen substantiellen Anteil am experimentell gemessenen Drehwert.
Double‐Immunodiffusion Assay for Detecting Specific Antibodies (Ouchterlony)
Authors: Hornbeck Peter
Published: February 2017

The method first described by Ouchterlony in 1948 is a classic and simple technique that permits evaluation and comparison of antibodies in animal or human sera directed against protein or complex carbohydrate antigens. It is a low‐tech procedure that may provide information on the relative quantity of antibody activity and the nature of the antigenic epitopes in different preparations. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isotype Determination of Antibodies
Authors: Hornbeck Peter , Fleisher Thomas A. , Papadopoulos Nicholas M.
Published: February 2017

On identifying a new monoclonal antibody, or in characterizing antibodies in sera evoked by disease or immunization, it is particularly informative to determine the serological class of the antibodies. The serological class of the protein is determined by the structure of the antibody constant region. Several methods of class or isotype determination are outlined in this unit: sandwich ELISA, electrophoresis, and immunofixation, or use of a variety of commercially available kits. Different purification schemes and approaches for enzymatic fragmentation of the antibodies depend on the class or isotype of the antibody, so this information streamlines these processes. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assays for Acetylation and Other Acylations of Lysine Residues
Authors: Pelletier Nadine , Grégoire Serge , Yang Xiang‐Jiao
Published: February 2017

Lysine acetylation refers to addition of an acetyl moiety to the epsilon‐amino group of a lysine residue and is important for regulating protein functions in various organisms from bacteria to humans. This is a reversible and precisely controlled covalent modification that either serves as an on/off switch or participates in a codified manner with other post‐translational modifications to regulate different cellular and developmental processes in normal and pathological states. This unit describes methods for in vitro and in vivo determination of lysine acetylation. Such methods can be easily extended for analysis of other acylations (such as propionylation, butyrylation, crotonylation, and succinylation) that are also present in histones and many other proteins. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Efficient Generation of Cardiac Purkinje‐like Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells by Activating cAMP Signaling
Authors: Tsai Su‐Yi , Chen Shuibing , Evans Todd
Published: February 2017

Strategies to derive cardiac conduction system (CCS) cells including Purkinje cells (PC) would facilitate models for mechanistic studies and drug discovery, and also provide new cellular materials for regenerative therapies. However, using current cardiac differentiation protocols, the differentiation efficiency of CCS cells is extremely low, typically below 1% of the culture. High‐throughput chemical screening is a powerful strategy for identifying small molecules that can activate signaling pathways to enhance embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. We describe how to carry out a high‐ throughput screen to identify small molecules that can efficiently promote CCS generation from mouse ESCs. We also describe several assays, including immunofluorescence staining, electrophysiology, FACS analysis and quantitative real‐ time PCR, to characterize the phenotype of ESC‐derived PC. In summary, we describe an efficient way to identify small molecules that enhance cardiac PC generation. These protocols can be adapted to identify other rare cell lineages by directed differentiation from ESCs. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Amphibians in forest pools: Does habitat clustering affect community diversity and dynamics?
Authors: Van Dyke Fred , Berthel Allison , Harju Seth M. , Lamb Rachel L. , Thompson Dan , Ryan Julia , Pyne Erin , Dreyer Gwyneth
Published: February 2017

Hydrologically isolated forest pools, both vernal and permanent, are receiving increased attention in conservation because they often provide fishless habitats for forest‐dwelling amphibians, reducing risk of predation to eggs and larvae. However, clarifying conservation value of such pools requires determination of whether the species they contribute to local biodiversity are unique or also present in other nearby wetlands such as freshwater marshes. We compared composition of amphibian communities in clustered pools to that of both spatially isolated pools and freshwater marshes in Illinois (USA) from 2008 to 2010 to determine (1) effects of clustering on community structure, species richness, and occupancy dynamics; (2) unique contributions of forest pools (six clustered and three isolated pools) to amphibian diversity compared to marshes (n = 6); and (3) species‐specific probabilities of occupancy by wetland type. Amphibian communities differed among wetland categories, with community similarity in the same year reduced 38% by differences between marshes, clustered pools, and isolated pools. Species richness was similar in clustered pools and marshes, but lower in isolated pools. Clustered pools contributed more species (n = 10) than marshes (n = 7) or isolated pools (n = 4). Anuran species had higher probability of greater relative abundance and salamanders had greater probability of encounter at clustered pools than at isolated pools, and probabilities of species‐specific site occupancy were lowest at isolated pools. Wildlife managers in Midwest USA can better understand species‐specific occupancy dynamics of amphibians in different wetland categories through this analysis and can optimize local amphibian species richness through conservation of clusters of forest pools.
Cerebellar contributions to biological motion perception in autism and typical development
Authors: Jack Allison , Keifer Cara M. , Pelphrey Kevin A.
Published: February 2017

Growing evidence suggests that posterior cerebellar lobe contributes to social perception in healthy adults. However, they know little about how this process varies across age and with development. Using cross‐sectional fMRI data, they examined cerebellar response to biological (BIO) versus scrambled (SCRAM) motion within typically developing (TD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) samples (age 4–30 years old), characterizing cerebellar response and BIO > SCRAM‐selective effective connectivity, as well as associations with age and social ability. TD individuals recruited regions throughout cerebellar posterior lobe during BIO > SCRAM, especially bilateral lobule VI, and demonstrated connectivity with right posterior superior temporal sulcus (RpSTS) in left VI, Crus I/II, and VIIIb. ASD individuals showed BIO > SCRAM activity in left VI and left Crus I/II, and bilateral connectivity with RpSTS in Crus I/II and VIIIb/IX. No between‐group differences emerged in well‐matched subsamples. Among TD individuals, older age predicted greater BIO > SCRAM response in left VIIb and left VIIIa/b, but reduced connectivity between RpSTS and widespread regions of the right cerebellum. In ASD, older age predicted greater response in left Crus I and bilateral Crus II, but decreased effective connectivity with RpSTS in bilateral Crus I/II. In ASD, increased BIO > SCRAM signal in left VI/Crus I and right Crus II, VIIb, and dentate predicted lower social symptomaticity; increased effective connectivity with RpSTS in right Crus I/II and bilateral VI and I–V predicted greater symptomaticity. These data suggest that posterior cerebellum contributes to the neurodevelopment of social perception in both basic and clinical populations. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1914–1932, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feasibility study for evaluating early lumbar facet joint degeneration using axial T1ρ, T2, and mapping in cartilage
Authors: Hu Jianzhong , Zhang Yi , Duan Chunyue , Peng Xianjing , Hu Ping , Lu Hongbin
Published: February 2017

Purpose

To assess the feasibility of axial T2,
, and T1ρ mapping of lumbar facet joint (LFJ) cartilage for evaluation of early degeneration.

Materials and Methods

We examined a total of 176 LFJs from 21 volunteers using axial T2,
, and T1ρ mapping with a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. All LFJs were measured and grouped according to the presence of low back pain (LBP), the Weishaupt grading system, and the Pfirrmann grade of the adjacent intervertebral disk (IVD). T2,
, and T1ρ values were analyzed and compared among the different groups.

Results

Low interobserver agreement was found in the Weishaupt grading of LFJs (κ = 0.161). The T1ρ values of LFJs were significantly different between adjacent two Pfirrmann grade of disks (grade I 50.15 ± 3.63 msec / grade II 53.27 ± 3.80 msec, P = 0.002; grade II 53.27 ± 3.80 msec / grade III 58.40 ± 4.17 msec, P < 0.01), and in different Weishaupt grades of LFJs (P = 0.000).
values were only found significantly different between Pfirrmann grade I and III of disks (P = 0.048). There was no significant difference in T2 values of LFJs whatever in Pfirrmann (P = 0.556) or Weishaupt grades (P = 0.694). No significant difference was found in T2,
, and T1ρ values between volunteers with LBP and without LBP (PT2 = 0.783,
, PT1ρ = 0.259).

Conclusion

Axial T1ρ could be an effective and sensitive method to assess for early degenerative changes in LFJ cartilage.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:468–475