bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic and Magnetotransport Properties of Perpendicularly Magnetized CoFeB Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Chérif S.-M. , Roussigné Y. , Belmeguenai M. , Chang C.R. , Lee Y.C. , Wu J.C. , Lee C.M. , Wu T.H. , Stashkevich A.A. , Zighem F.
Published: January 2017

We present the study of the dynamic properties of CoFeB (CFB) based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) by Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy and micro-strip ferromagnetic resonance technique as well as magnetoresistance measurements. Two different MTJs: single and double barrier systems have been investigated. The dynamic studies revealed mostly similar perpendicular anisotropy field for both CoFeB layers for the single barrier MTJ with the thickest CFB layers, while two sensibly different perpendicular anisotropy fields were revealed in the case of the double barrier MTJ with the thickest CFB soft and hard layers. Modeling the spin wave frequencies behavior allows us the analysis of the experimental data and the derivation of the pertinent magnetic parameters. Our results suggest an interfacial origin of the anisotropy. Therefore, by changing the thickness of the perpendicularly magnetized CFB layers, it is possible to obtain a free and pinned layer usually ensured by the use of synthetic antiferromagnetic material. The tunnel magnetoresistance has been measured in elliptical elements of double barrier MTJ of different sizes. Strong size-dependent switching fields and antiparallel state being more unstable in the smallest device are observed. Patterning effect, lowering the anisotropies around the edge areas and increasing the dipolar coupling that favors the parallel state in the case of stacked layers, are probably the origin.
Magnetic susceptibility measurements of seafloor massive sulphide mini-core samples for deep-sea mining applications
Authors: Spagnoli Giovanni , Hördt Andreas , Jegen Marion , Virgil Christopher , Rolf Christian , Petersen Sven
Published: January 2017

Seafloor massive sulphide (SMS) deposits, found at water depths to 3600 m, are products of high-temperature hydrothermal activity associated with seafloor volcanism. Dissolved metals in the hydrothermal fluids precipitate when the fluids are expelled. Metal sulphides also accumulate as chimney-like structures. SMS are considered for future commercial exploitation because of the presence of metals such as Cu, Zn, Au and Ag. Physical parameters (geotechnical and geophysical) of SMS are important for mining purposes, to allow estimation of both the size of the deposits and the amount of ore. This paper investigates the magnetic susceptibility of 40 mini-core samples with respect to the possible discrimination of ore from host rock in the cores immediately after the drilling operations. The unmineralized host rock samples in general have higher susceptibilities compared with the mineralized samples. However, the analysis of the electrical resistivity allows a unique discrimination for our set of samples, as the mineralized and unmineralized samples fall into distinct groups without overlap when both susceptibility and resistivity are considered. The imaginary conductivity, a parameter that quantifies induced polarization, further enhances discrimination between the mineralized and non-mineralized groups.
Plastoglobuli: Plastid Microcompartments with Integrated Functions in Metabolism, Plastid Developmental Transitions, and Environmental Adaptation
Authors: van Wijk Klaas J. , Kessler Felix
Published: January 2017

Plastoglobuli (PGs) are plastid lipoprotein particles surrounded by a membrane lipid monolayer. PGs contain small specialized proteomes and metabolomes. They are present in different plastid types (e.g., chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and elaioplasts) and are dynamic in size and shape in response to abiotic stress or developmental transitions. PGs in chromoplasts are highly enriched in carotenoid esters and enzymes involved in carotenoid metabolism. PGs in chloroplasts are associated with thylakoids and contain ∼30 core proteins (including six ABC1 kinases) as well as additional proteins recruited under specific conditions. Systems analysis has suggested that chloroplast PGs function in metabolism of prenyl lipids (e.g., tocopherols, plastoquinone, and phylloquinone); redox and photosynthetic regulation; plastid biogenesis; and senescence, including recycling of phytol, remobilization of thylakoid lipids, and metabolism of jasmonate. These functionalities contribute to chloroplast PGs’ role in responses to stresses such as high light and nitrogen starvation. PGs are thus lipid microcompartments with multiple functions integrated into plastid metabolism, developmental transitions, and environmental adaptation. This review provides an in-depth overview of PG experimental observations, summarizes the present understanding of PG features and functions, and provides a conceptual framework for PG research and the realization of opportunities for crop improvement.
Following the Yellow Brick Road
Authors: Calisher Charles H.
Published: February 2017

Charles Calisher was fascinated by microorganisms from the time he was in high school. He attended Stuyvesant High School in New York City, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science (now University of the Sciences) (BS), then University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana (MS), and finally Georgetown University, in Washington, DC (PhD), the latter while employed at a commercial biological house. He was hired by the US Communicable Disease Center (now the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) in Atlanta, Georgia, was transferred to its Fort Collins laboratories in 1973, and retired from there in 1992. After traveling the world a bit, Calisher joined the faculty of Colorado State University in 1993, then semiretired as professor emeritus in 2010. During all those years, he developed from a would-be virologist to an arbovirologist-epidemiologist, identifying scores of newly recognized viruses from throughout the world and helping to investigate disease outbreaks and epidemics. His interests (always primarily arboviruses but now also rodent-borne viruses and bat-borne viruses) continue to expand, and he continues to be involved in various aspects of virology and to assist and annoy journal editors and others in regard to viral taxonomy.
Gastric Mixing During Food Digestion: Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Bornhorst Gail M.
Published: January 2017

Gastric mixing is a complex process that is governed by meal properties, such as food buffering capacity, physical properties, and the rate of breakdown as well as physiological factors, such as the rate of gastric secretions, gastric emptying, and gastric motility. Gastric mixing processes have been studied through the use of experimental and computational methods. Gastric mixing impacts the intragastric pH distribution and residence time in the stomach for ingested materials. Development of a fundamental understanding of the advective and diffusion processes and their roles in gastric mixing will be important in furthering our understanding of food breakdown, microbial survival, and drug dissolution during gastric digestion.
The Performance of the Intubation Difficulty Scale among Obese Parturients Undergoing Cesarean Section
Authors: Eiamcharoenwit Jatuporn , Itthisompaiboon Napon , Limpawattana Panita , Siriussawakul Arunotai
Published: January 2017

Background.There have not yet been any studies to validate the intubation difficulty scale (IDS) in obese parturients. Objectives of this study were to determine the performance of the IDS in defining difficult intubation (DI) and to identify the optimal cutoff points of the IDS among obese parturients.Methods.This was a prospective observational study. Parturients with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2who underwent cesarean section utilizing endotracheal intubation were enrolled. The intubating performers were asked to assess the difficulty of endotracheal intubation and categorize it as easy, somewhat DI, and DI.Main Results.A total of 517 parturients were recruited with a mean BMI of 33.9 kg/m2. The incidence of some degree of DI was 14.5%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the IDS for detecting somewhat DI and DI was 1.0. The optimal cutoff point to define somewhat DI was ≥3 and DI was ≥5, which both had sensitivity and specificity of 100%.Conclusions.The IDS scoring is a good tool for defining DI among obese parturients. The IDS scores of ≥3 and ≥5 are the optimal cutoff points to define somewhat DI and DI, respectively.
Botulinum Toxin Injection-Site Selection for a Smooth Shoulder Line: An Anatomical Study
Authors: Lee Je Hun , Lee Key Youn , Kim Ji Young , Son Woo Hyeon , Jeong Ji Heun , Gil Jeong Young , Kwon Seongoh , Han Seung Ho
Published: January 2017

Introduction.This study aimed to improve the accuracy of manual needle placement into the trapezius (TM) for smooth shoulder line.Methods.For macroscopic study 12 TMs and for microscopic study 4 cadavers were detached and then sampled,1⁎1 cm at the four points from the origin to insertion site (0% at the most lateral point of external occipital protuberance and 100% at the most lateral point of acromion).Results.Most of the nerve endings observed during macroscopic investigations were concentrated in the 60–80% region, and the second most distributed region was the 40–60% region. The microscopic results revealed that the 60–80% region on the reference line had the most dense neuromuscular junction area, while the 40–60% and 80–100% areas were similar in their neuromuscular junction densities.Discussion.These anatomical results will be useful in clinical settings especially for cosmetic surgeons.
Treating Early Knee Osteoarthritis with the Atlas® Unicompartmental Knee System in a 26-Year-Old Ex-Professional Basketball Player: A Case Study
Authors: Slynarski Konrad , Lipinski Lukasz
Published: January 2017

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability among adults. Within the affected population, there exists a group of patients who have exhausted conservative treatment options and yet are not ideal candidates for current surgical treatments due to young age, early disease severity, or neutral mechanical knee alignment. For these patients, a new potential treatment option may be considered. We present an interesting case report of a young, ex-professional athlete treated with a minimally invasive load-altering implant (Atlas System) whose young age (26 years), disease status (tibiofemoral kissing lesions), and neutral mechanical limb alignment eliminated all traditional surgical treatment options such as high tibial osteotomy or arthroplasty. At 6 months after surgery, our patient demonstrated positive outcomes improvement in pain, function, and quality of life and had returned to high-impact athletic activity without symptoms. These initial results are promising, and longer follow-up data on the treatment will be necessary.
The Interplay between Defensins and Microbiota in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Coretti Lorena , Natale Alessandro , Cuomo Mariella , Florio Ermanno , Keller Simona , Lembo Francesca , Chiariotti Lorenzo , Pero Raffaela
Published: January 2017

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, characterized by periods of acute recurrence and remission. Depending on the specific region affected, CD is classified as ileal CD or colonic CD. It is largely accepted that the intestinal microbiota is involved in the onset of the pathology. Indeed, a reduced immune tolerance to components of the intestinal commensal microbiota and inflammation of the intestinal barrier typifies patients with CD. Several studies have shown defective expression of intestinal antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in patients with CD compared to controls, particularly defensins. A reduction inα-defensins is observed in ileal CD, whileβ-defensins are increased in colonic CD. In addition to an immunological basis, the disease is frequently associated with genetic alterations including mutations of NOD2 gene. Several therapeutic strategies to circumvent the dysfunction observed in CD are currently under investigation. These include the use of delivery systems to administer endogenous AMPs and the engineering of peptidomimetics that could ameliorate the severity of CD. In this review, the role defensins play in CD and the strategies aimed at overcoming bacterial resistance will be discussed.
Correlation of Ezrin Expression Pattern and Clinical Outcomes in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Cash Thomas , Yin Hong , McCracken Courtney , Geng Zhi , DuBois Steven G. , Shehata Bahig M. , Olson Thomas A. , Katzenstein Howard M. , Wetmore Cynthia
Published: January 2017

Background. Ezrin is a membrane-cytoskeleton linker protein that has been associated with metastasis and poor outcomes in osteosarcoma and high-grade soft tissue sarcomas. The prognostic value of ezrin expression in Ewing sarcoma is unknown.Methods. The relationship between ezrin expression and outcome was analyzed in a cohort of 53 newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma patients treated between 2000 and 2011. The intensity and proportion of cells with ezrin immunoreactivity were assessed in diagnostic tumor tissue using a semiquantitative scoring system to yield intensity and positivity scores for each tumor.Results. Ezrin expression was detected in 72% (38/53) of tumor samples. The proportion of patients with metastatic disease was equal in the positive and negative ezrin expression groups. There was no significant difference in the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) between patients with positive versus negative ezrin expression. Patients whose tumor sample showed high ezrin intensity had significantly better 5-year EFS when compared to patients with low/no ezrin intensity (78% versus 55%;P=0.03).Conclusions. Ezrin expression can be detected in the majority of Ewing sarcoma tumor samples. Intense ezrin expression may be correlated with a favorable outcome; however further investigation with a larger cohort is needed to validate this finding.
Evaluation of Decalcification Techniques for Rat Femurs Using HE and Immunohistochemical Staining
Authors: Liu Haixia , Zhu Ruyuan , Liu Chenyue , Ma Rufeng , Wang Lili , Chen Beibei , Li Lin , Niu Jianzhao , Zhao Dandan , Mo Fangfang , Fu Min , Brömme Dieter , Zhang Dongwei , Gao Sihua
Published: January 2017

Aim. In routine histopathology, decalcification is an essential step for mineralized tissues. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of different decalcification solutions on the morphological and antigenicity preservation in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat femurs. Materials and Methods. Four different decalcification solutions were employed to remove the mineral substances from rat femurs, including 10% neutral buffered EDTA, 3% nitric acid, 5% nitric acid, and 8% hydrochloric acid/formic acid. Shaking and low temperature were used to process the samples. The stainings of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical (IHC) were employed to evaluate the bone morphology and antigenicity. Key Findings. Different decalcification solutions may affect the quality of morphology and the staining of paraffin-embedded sections in pathological examinations. Among four decalcifying solutions, 3% nitric acid is the best decalcifying agent for HE staining. 10% neutral buffered EDTA and 5% nitric acid are the preferred decalcifying agents for IHC staining. Significance. The current study investigated the effects of different decalcifying agents on the preservation of the bone structure and antigenicity, which will help to develop suitable protocols for the analyses of the bony tissue.
Targeting ALK: Precision Medicine Takes on Drug Resistance
Authors: Lin Jessica J. , Riely Gregory J. , Shaw Alice T.
Published: January 2017

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a validated molecular target in several ALK-rearranged malignancies, including non–small cell lung cancer. However, the clinical benefit of targeting ALK using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is almost universally limited by the emergence of drug resistance. Diverse mechanisms of resistance to ALK TKIs have now been discovered, and these basic mechanisms are informing the development of novel therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance in the clinic. In this review, we summarize the current successes and challenges of targeting ALK.

Significance: Effective long-term treatment of ALK-rearranged cancers requires a mechanistic understanding of resistance to ALK TKIs so that rational therapies can be selected to combat resistance. This review underscores the importance of serial biopsies in capturing the dynamic therapeutic vulnerabilities within a patient's tumor and offers a perspective into the complexity of on-target and off-target ALK TKI resistance mechanisms. Therapeutic strategies that can successfully overcome, and potentially prevent, these resistance mechanisms will have the greatest impact on patient outcome. Cancer Discov; 7(2); 137–55. ©2017 AACR.
Comparative Anatomy of the Ovine and Female Pelvis
Authors: Urbankova Iva , Vdoviakova Katarina , Rynkevic Rita , Sindhwani Nikhil , Deprest Dries , Feola Andrew , Herijgers Paul , Krofta Ladislav , Deprest Jan
Published: January 2017

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse affects half of vaginally parous women. Several animal models are used to study its pathophysiology and treatment. Sheep are interesting because they develop spontaneously prolapse with similar risk factors as women and can be used for vaginal surgery. This study describes ovine pelvis anatomy and compares it to women's pelvis to provide anatomical tools for translational researchers. Methods: MRI, pelvic dissections, and histology were used for detailed macro- and microscopic analysis of relevant anatomical structures in 6 nulliparous ewes. Results: Although sheep are quadrupeds, the gross and microscopic anatomies are similar to the female pelvis. Principal differences are the shape and its orientation, the absence of the sacrospinous ligament and the internal obturator. The levator ani (except for the puborectalis) and the coccygeus muscle are present, yet the latter is more developed - coinciding with the tail. The dimensions and morphology of the ovine vagina is comparable. The retropubic and the rectovaginal space are accessible transvaginally. There is a wide expression of estrogen receptors with low or absent immunoreactivity in the urethral epithelium, bladder, anus and internal anal sphincter. Conclusion: The ovine pelvic floor has many anatomical and ultrastructural similarities to the female pelvic floor.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus Treatment in Very Preterm Infants: A European Population-Based Cohort Study (EPICE) on Variation and Outcomes
Authors: Edstedt Bonamy Anna-Karin , Gudmundsdottir Anna , Maier Rolf F. , Toome Liis , Zeitlin Jennifer , Bonet Mercedes , Fenton Alan , Hasselager Asbjørn Børch , van Heijst Arno , Gortner Ludwig , Milligan David , Van Reempts Patrick , Boyle Elaine M. , Norman Mikael ,   and collaborators from the EPICE Research Group
Published: January 2017

Background: Spontaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occurs frequently in very preterm infants and despite the lack of evidence for treatment benefits, treatment for PDA is common in neonatal medicine. Objectives: The aim of this work was to study regional variations in PDA treatment in very preterm infants (≤31 weeks of gestation), its relation to differences in perinatal characteristics, and associations with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and survival without major neonatal morbidity. Methods: This was a population-based cohort study in 19 regions in 11 European countries conducted during 2011 and 2012. A total of 6,896 infants with data on PDA treatment were included. The differences in infant characteristics were studied across regions using a propensity score derived from perinatal risk factors for PDA treatment. The primary outcomes were a composite of BPD or death before 36 weeks postmenstrual age, or survival without major neonatal morbidity. Results: The proportion of PDA treatment varied from 10 to 39% between regions (p < 0.001), and this difference could not be explained by differences in perinatal characteristics. The regions were categorized according to a low (<15%, n = 6), medium (15-25%, n = 9), or high (>25%, n = 4) proportion of PDA treatment. Infants treated for PDA, compared to those not treated, were at higher risk of BPD or death in all regions, with an overall propensity score adjusted risk ratio of 1.33 (95% confidence interval 1.18-1.51). Survival without major neonatal morbidity was not related to PDA treatment. Conclusions: PDA treatment varies largely across Europe without associated variations in perinatal characteristics or neonatal outcomes. This finding calls for more uniform guidance for PDA diagnosis and treatment in very preterm infants.
Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: The Current Role of Cetuximab
Authors: Granados-García Martín , Aguilar-Ponce José Luis , Maldonado-Magos Federico , De la Garza-Salazar Jaime G.
Published: January 2017

We review clinical trials of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) to address the current and potential uses of cetuximab (CTX). PubMed was reviewed to identify papers published between 2010 and 2016. The search terms used were “cetuximab” and “head and neck cancer.” A total of 634 articles were identified. Phase II or III studies with CTX in patients with advanced SCCHN without treatment or with recurrent/metastatic tumors were selected. Forty-six registries were obtained. Information was critically reviewed and relevant information presented. As definitive treatment of advanced squamous cells carcinomas and as palliative treatment of recurrent/metastatic disease, CTX alone or associated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy is an alternative to chemoradiotherapy because of its distinct and favorable toxicity profile.
Up-Regulation of TGF-β Promotes Tendon-to-Bone Healing after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction using Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through the TGF-β/MAPK Signaling Pathway in a New Zealand White Rabbit Model
Authors: Wang Rui , Xu Bin , Xu Hong-Gang
Published: January 2017

Background/Aims: This study aimed to explore the role of TGF-β in tendon-to-bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) through the TGF-β/MAPK signaling pathway in a New Zealand white rabbit model. Methods: A total of 72 healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were selected for these experiments. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of BMSC surface markers, and qRT-PCR was performed to detect TGF-β mRNA expression. The ACL reconstruction model was established with autografts. The rabbits were randomly divided into the following groups: inhibition of TGF-β (inhibition), over-expression of TGF-β (over-expression), empty vector and untreated (n = 18 per group). Hematoxylineosin (HE) staining, toluidine blue staining and Masson trichrome staining were conducted to observe any chondrocyte-like cell growth, and biomechanical tests were used to calculate the maximum load and rigidity. Three-dimensional CT imaging and Western blotting were applied to detect changes in bone tunnel size and bone density and the expression levels of TGF-β/MAPK signaling pathway-related proteins, respectively. Results: CD90 and CD44 were positively expressed, while CD11b was not detected. Compared with the empty vector and untreated groups, TGF-β mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the inhibition group but increased in the over-expression group; the latter group had a larger number of fibroblasts, a tighter tendon-bone interface, an increased number of chondrocyte-like cells and fibrochondrocytes, and more collagen fibers than the inhibition, empty vector and untreated groups. Compared with the empty vector and untreated groups, the maximum load and rigidity; the CT values of bone tunnel and bone tunnel margin; and the protein expression levels of TGF-β, p-ERK1/2, p-p38, p-JNK, c-jun and c-myc were significantly down-regulated in the inhibition group but up-regulated in the over-expression group. Conclusion: Our study indicated that up-regulating TGF-β expression in BMSCs from New Zealand white rabbits could promote tendon-to-bone healing after ACL reconstruction by regulating the TGF-β/MAPK signaling pathway.
Video Transmission using Combined Scalability Video Coding over MIMO-OFDM Systems
Authors: Rantelobo Kalvein , Lami Hendro , Wirawan Wirawan
Published: February 2017

The needs of efficient bandwidth utilization and method to handle bandwidth fluctuation condition of wireless channel have become fundamental problems in video transmission. This research proposed Combined Scalable Video Coding (CSVC) that refers to Joint Scalable Video Model (JSVM), i.e. development of video coding H.264/AVC by exploiting scalable combination method using Medium Grain Scalability (MGS) on wireless channel of MIMO-OFDM (Multiple Input Multiple Output – Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technology. The research shows that the scalable combination method can be implemented on the scenario for wireless transmission on multicast network. Experimental results show that the delivered quality is close to the alternative traditional simulcast delivery mechanism in MIMO-OFDM systems.
Music Recommendation System Based on Context Using Case-Based Reasoning and Self Organizing Map
Authors: Mastrika Giri Gst Ayu Vida , Harjoko Agus
Published: February 2017

Effective music recommendation can decrease listener’s effort in choosing music that will be listened. Music recommendation is not only can be obtained based on genre or audio similarity, because listener’s music choices are also influenced by the listener’s context (mood, occasion, part of day, date, weather, region, month, and weekday). This research used Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) for determining music recommendation based on listener’s context data and also Self Organizing Map (SOM) which is used as an indexing method in CBR. Inputs given by user to the system are user’s occasion and mood desired by user. The system output is a playlist consists of music that suitable with user’s context and desired mood.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 regulates microRNAs miR-494 and miR-126–5p in control of endothelial cell function in angiogenesis
Authors: Saretzki Erika , Pankratz Franziska , Engert Bianca , Grundmann Sebastian , Bode Christoph , Moser Martin , Zhou Qian , Esser Jennifer
Published: January 2017

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. Several microRNAs have been described to regulate the process of angiogenesis. Previously, we have shown that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) increased the proangiogenic activity of endothelial cells. In this project, we now investigated how the pro-angiogenic BMP4 effect is mediated by microRNAs. First, we performed a microRNA array with BMP4-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Among the topregulated microRNAs, we detected a decreased expression of miR-494 and increased expression of miR-126–5p. Next, we analysed the canonical Smad and alternative signalling pathways, through which BMP4 would regulate miR-126–5p and miR-494 expression. Furthermore, the functional effect of miR-494 and miR-126–5p on endothelial cells was investigated. MicroRNA-494 overexpression decreased endothelial cell proliferation, migration and sprout formation. Consistently, miR-494 inhibition increased endothelial cell function. As potential miR-494 targets, bFGF and BMP endothelial cell precursorderived regulator (BMPER) were identified and confirmed by western blot. Luciferase assays showed direct miR-494 binding in BMPER 3’UTR. In contrast, miR-126–5p overexpression increased pro-angiogenic endothelial cell behaviour and, accordingly, miR-126–5p inhibition decreased endothelial cell function. As a direct miR-126–5p target we identified the anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1 which was confirmed by western blot analysis and luciferase assays. In the Matrigel plug assay application of antagomiR-494 increased endothelial cell ingrowth, whereas antagomiR-126–5p treatment decreased cell ingrowth in vivo. Taken together, through differential regulation of the anti-angiomiR-494 and the angiomiR-126–5p by BMP4 both microRNAs contribute to the pro-angiogenic BMP4 effect on endothelial cells.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Current status, distribution and conservation status of Algerian bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Authors: Ahmim Mourad
Published: January 2017

Algeria is the largest country in Africa (2,381,741km²), with 85% of the area consisting of the Sahara opening on to the Mediterranean (1,200 km coastline).  Initially, 26 species of microbats were reported, and no comprehensive study has been undertaken since 1991.  The advent of genetic molecular studies has revealed some species to be the same (Pipistrellus deserti and Pipistrellus kuhlii) while others have had their nomenclature changed (Eptisecus isabellinus instead of Eptisecus serotinus, Plecotus gaisleri instead of Plecotus austriacus, Rhinopoma cystops instead of Rhinopoma hardwickei).  Miniopterus schreibersii is now classified in the new family of Miniopteridae.  These changes have corrected the number of Algerian bat species to 25, belonging to seven different families.  All species are threatened globally and are protected at the national level by Decree 12-135.
Checklist of terebrantian thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) recorded from India
Authors: Rachana R. R. , Varatharajan R.
Published: January 2017

A consolidated systematic list of 333 species of terebrantian thrips, belonging to 118 genera (Insecta: Thysanoptera) recorded so far from India, is provided in this article.  The list reveals that the family Thripidae has the lion’s share of 307 species, while Aeolothripidae, Melanthripidae, Merothripidae and Stenurothripidae contain very few species.  Further, analysis of the present study shows that around 40% of the listed 333 terebrantian species appear to be endemic based on the comparison of Indian fauna with that of the published data of thrips of adjoining regions.  Reports on the occurrence of exotic flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Neohydatothrips samayunkur (Kudo) are of concern to the country, as they are notorious for damage to the cultivated plants.
Nepal’s National Red List of Birds
Authors: Inskipp Carol , Baral Hem Sagar , Inskipp Tim , Khatiwada Ambika Prasad , Khatiwada Monsoon Pokharel , Poudyal Laxman Prasad , Amin Rajan
Published: January 2017

The main objectives of the Nepal National Bird Red Data Book were to provide comprehensive and up-to-date accounts of all the bird species found in Nepal, assess their status applying the IUCN Guidelines at Regional Levels, identify threats to all bird species and recommend the most practical measures for their conservation.  It is hoped that the Bird RDB will help Nepal achieve the Convention on Biological Diversity target of preventing the extinction of known threatened species and improving their conservation status.  As population changes of Nepal’s birds have been studied for only a few species, assessments of species’ national status were mainly made by assessing changes in distribution.  Species distribution maps were produced for all of Nepal’s bird species except vagrants and compared to maps that were produced in 1991 using the same mapping system.  Of the 878 bird species recorded, 168 species (19%) were assessed as nationally threatened. These comprise 68 (40%) Critically Endangered species, 38 (23%) Endangered species and 62 (37%) Vulnerable species.  A total of 62 species was considered Near Threatened and 22 species Data Deficient.  Over 55% of the threatened birds are lowland grassland specialists, 25% are wetland birds and 24% tropical and sub-tropical broadleaved forest birds.  Larger birds appear to be more threatened than smaller birds with 98 (25%) non-passerine species threatened and 67 (14%) passerine species.  Habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation are the most important threats.  Other threats include chemical poisoning, over-exploitation, climate change, hydropower, invasive species, intensification of agriculture, disturbance, and limited conservation measures and research.  Measures to address these threats are described.  It was also concluded that re-assessments of the status of certain bird groups carried out every five years and the setting up of a national online system for storing and reporting bird sightings would be useful.
Teach the Children Well
Authors: Mason Michelle
Published: February 2017

What connection is there between living well, in the sense of living a life of ethical virtue, and faring well, in the sense of living a life good for the agent whose life it is? Defenses of a connection between exercising the virtues and living a good life often display two commitments: first, to addressing their answer to the person whose life is in question and, second, to showing that virtue is what I call a reliability conferring property. I challenge both commitments. I propose we take up the question from the dialogical point of view implicit in contexts where one person (an “ethical trustee”) is charged with the care of the character of another (an “ethical trustor”) and argue that virtue is what I call a status conferring property. Ethical trustees benefit their trustors by inculcating the virtues because in doing so they bestow on them a status that is necessary for a good life.
Forecast Advisory for a Cold-Season Heavy Rainfall/Flood Event That Developed from Multiple Interactions of the Cold-Surge Vortex with Cold-Surge Flows in the South China Sea
Authors: Chen Tsing-Chang , Tsay Jenq-Dar , Matsumoto Jun , Alpert Jordan
Published: January 2017

The peak intensity occurrence frequency over the life cycles of parent cold-surge vortices (CSVs) for heavy rainfall/flood (HRF) events is classified into two types depending on their life cycles having two or three peak intensities, denoted as HRF2 or HRF3, respectively. The formation of an HRF2 event from its parent CSV(HRF2) formation is ≤5 days, while the formation of an HRF3 event is ≥6 days. The latter group contributes ~57% of the total number of HRF events. As a result of some model constraints, the formation and development of HRF3 events are not well forecasted by the Global Forecast System (GFS) and regional forecast models. The life cycle and second peak intensity for CSV(HRF3) allow for the introduction of a forecast advisory for HRF3 events. Identification of CSVs and two sufficient requirements for the formation and occurrence of HRF events were developed by previous studies. Nevertheless, two new necessary steps are now included in the proposed forecast advisory. The population ratio for CSV(HRF3) and the regular CSV is only about 15%. The occurrence optimum time to for the CSV(HRF3) second peak intensity from this vortex formation is about 3 days 6 h. The GFS forecast over to is utilized to identify CSV(HRF3). Then, the relay of the GFS forecast from the occurrence time of the CSV(HRF3) second peak is used to predict the formation/occurrence of HRF3 events. Six HRF3 events during cold seasons for 2013–16 are used to test the feasibility of this forecast advisory. Results clearly demonstrate this advisory is a success for the forecast of HRF3 events over the entire life cycles of their parent CSV(HRF3)s.
Coping and Adaptation in Families of Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Lin Shu-Li
Published: January 2017

This study explored the relationship between family coping with cerebral palsy (CP) and family adaptation. Participants were 274 families of persons with CP recruited through 12 United Cerebral Palsy associations in the north central area of the United States. Factor analysis suggested that 64.7% of the variance in family coping was accounted for by the following factor variables: positive family appraisal, support from concerned others, spiritual support, personal growth and advocacy, and positive social interaction. Stepwise multiple regression of these variables yielded that positive family appraisal (p < .000) and spiritual support (p = .013) were predictive of family adaptation. Multivariate analysis of variance with Pillai's criterion revealed that family coping with CP differed in family life cycle stages (p = .002). Analysis of variance also indicated that family adaptation differed in terms of family life cycle stages (p = .004).
Evaluating Community Collaboration in Writing Interagency Agreements on the Age 3 Transition
Authors: Fowler Susan A. , Donegan Mary , Lueke Brenda , Hadden D. Sarah , Phillips Barbara
Published: January 2017

Representatives from 34 local interagency coordinating councils participated in a training on the development of interagency agreements. Coordinators of these councils or their designated representative participated in an interview about the process and 29 of the councils submitted written agreements within 9 months of the final training date. Results indicate that most communities included the majority of the legal requirements of transition in their agreements. Communities whose agreements were signed by agency administrators were rated somewhat higher for the number of legal requirements and quality indicators contained, when compared to those that remained unsigned. Interview participants identified policy issues such as ensuring continuity of services and interpretations of regulations as significant barriers to the writing of an agreement.
Reflections on a Research Career: Generalizations from 25 Years of Research on Assessment and Instructional Decision Making
Authors: Ysseldyke Jim
Published: January 2017

The CEC Research Award recognizes researchers for the significant contributions they have made to special education. We believe that the members of this distinguished group have much to share with our readers. We have invited each of them to contribute an article, addressing their perspectives on special education research and practices. Jim Ysseldyke was awarded the Research Award in 1995, recognizing more than 25 years of research investigating a variety of assessment and instructional decision-making practices. This article presents generalizations that he has gleaned from his years of research, as well as his thoughts for the future.
Effect of Different Methods of Reporting and Reclassification on Trends in Test Scores for Students with Disabilities
Authors: Ysseldyke Jim , Bielinski John
Published: January 2017

State education agencies are now required to report on the educational performance and progress of all students, including students with disabilities. States are beginning to report trends, and to compare trends in performance of students with and without disabilities. We compare the effects of different methods of analyzing trends to illustrate how failure to account for changes in classification of students will lead to misinterpretation of data on the performance and progress of students with disabilities, and inappropriate policy decisions. We compare three ways of looking at trends over time, and use data from 5 years of assessment in a large state to illustrate the effects of students who change classification. We discuss how accounting for changes in classification of individual students will lead to more appropriate decisions and help avoid negative consequences for students with disabilities.
Disparate Access: The Disproportionality of African American Students with Disabilities across Educational Environments
Authors: Skiba Russell J. , Poloni-Staudinger Lori , Gallini Sarah , Simmons Ada B. , Feggins-Azziz Renae
Published: January 2017

This study investigated the extent to which the overrepresentation of African American students in more restrictive special education settings is attributable to their overrepresentation in disability categories more likely to be served in more restrictive educational environments. Within 5 disability categories (emotional disturbance, mild mental retardation, moderate mental retardation, learning disabilities, and speech and language), African American students were overrepresented in more restrictive educational environments and underrepresented in less restrictive environments relative to all other students with the same disability. Disproportionality was most evident in those disability categories served primarily in general education settings. Given the social consensus regarding inclusion, disproportionality in restrictiveness of educational environment may represent a more serious challenge than disproportionality in disability categories.
Incorporating Student Input in Developing Alternate Assessments Based on Modified Academic Achievement Standards
Authors: Roach Andrew T. , Beddow Peter A. , Kurz Alexander , Kettler Ryan J. , Elliott Stephen N.
Published: January 2017

In developing alternate assessments based on modified academic achievement standards (AA-MAS), several states have modified existing test items with the aim of enhancing accessibility and reducing difficulty for students with disabilities. Using Grade 8 multiple-choice test items in unmodified and modified forms, two studies examined student perceptions of item modifications and their effects on accessibility. Study 1 used a think-aloud cognitive lab to explore the effects of modifications on student perceptions and performance. Study 2 examined student survey data from a field test of the items with students (N = 709) with and without disabilities. Data indicated students generally perceived item modifications as helpful or positive. Educators and test developers are encouraged to consider students' perceptions of test items when designing tests.
Is Performance Feedback for Educators an Evidence-Based Practice? A Systematic Review and Evaluation Based on Single-Case Research
Authors: Fallon Lindsay M. , Collier-Meek Melissa A. , Maggin Daniel M. , Sanetti Lisa M. H. , Johnson Austin H.
Published: January 2017

Optimal levels of treatment fidelity, a critical moderator of intervention effectiveness, are often difficult to sustain in applied settings. It is unknown whether performance feedback, a widely researched method for increasing educators’ treatment fidelity, is an evidence-based practice. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the current research on performance feedback as a strategy to promote the implementation of school-based practices. Studies were evaluated according to What Works Clearinghouse (WWC; Kratochwill et al., 2010) technical guidelines for single-case design, utilizing both the design and evidence standards to determine whether studies provided sufficient evidence for the effectiveness of performance feedback. Results indicate that performance feedback can be termed an evidence-based intervention based on criteria set by the WWC. Implications for future research are described.
Influences on Teachers’ Decisions About Literacy for Secondary Students With Severe Disabilities
Authors: Ruppar Andrea L. , Gaffney Janet S. , Dymond Stacy K.
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the influences on special education teachers’ decisions about literacy for their students with severe disabilities. With the use of multiple case study and grounded theory methodologies, four middle and high school special education teachers were purposefully selected to participate in interviews and videotaped observations. Transcripts and videos were analyzed in concert with documents, such as individualized education programs and teaching materials, using constant comparative analysis. Four key influences were identified that guided literacy decisions: (a) contexts; (b) beliefs about students, teaching, and learning; (c) expectations; and (d) self-efficacy. These four components form the basis for a preliminary theoretical framework of teacher decision making about literacy for students with severe disabilities.
What Does Research Say About Social Perspective-Taking Interventions for Students With HFASD?
Authors: Southall Candice , Campbell Jonathan M.
Published: January 2017

The term theory of mind (ToM) was introduced by Premack and Woodruff as the ability to infer mental states of others. Many researchers believe that social deficits seen in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are directly linked to deficits in ToM or the inability to realize that others’ perspectives are different from their own, decreasing social understanding. The present review examines the empirical research of effectiveness of interventions targeting social perspective-taking skills for high-functioning individuals with ASD. Twelve studies have been published since the year 2000. Results indicate that perspective-taking skills can be taught using systematic instruction, group interventions, and technology. Generalization of skills into naturalistic settings was inconsistent. Practice implications and future research directions are discussed.
A Better Understanding of the Deaf Through a Public Relations Program
Authors: Doctor Powrie V.
Published: January 2017

“One of the best exhibits a school for the deaf can put on is a demonstration by the pupils in the school … No school will farm out deaf pupils to a public relations firm. This responsibility belongs to the schools.”
Listening Comprehension of Cerebral Palsied and Other Crippled Children as a Function of Two Speaking Rates
Authors: Hoop Wietse De
Published: January 2017

This study attempted to determine the amount of learning which would take place among cerebral palsied children and noncerebral palsied crippled children as compared under conditions of listening to a normal speaking rate (175 wpm) and a rapid rate (275 wpm). There were significant differences between the two samples on the comprehension test of the selection presented at 175 wpm but, contrary to expectation, the samples did not differ significantly on comprehension of the selection presented at 275 wpm.
What is Special about Special Education Revisited: the Mentally Retarded
Authors: Sparks Howard L. , Blackman Leonard S.
Published: January 2017

This paper reflects on the increasing emphasis on special class placement of educable mentally retarded children and special preparation for teachers. This is in view of the increasing evidence that special classes have been something of a disappointment in terms of accelerating the academic progress of these children. It is proposed that a necessary area of study is a careful analysis of the extent to which special classes actually differ from regular classes in regard to teacher techniques, materials, and content.
Life Experiences of Original Thinkers and Good Elaborators
Authors: Dauw Dean C.
Published: January 2017

Highly creative adolescents (N = 319) were divided into 12 criterion groups of original thinkers and good elaborators on the basis of two scales, originality and elaboration, of Torrance's (1962) Minnesota Tests of Creative Thinking. These tests were initially administered to 112 public high school seniors, who were the total population. The criterion groups then completed a life experience inventory to isolate the biographical data associated with the development of these thinking abilities. Significant chi squares were found on 35 percent of the items differentiating original thinkers from good elaborators and from those students highest in both abilities. Previous research successfully identifying creative persons through biographical data was supported.
An Investigation of the ITPA Performance of Children with Functional Defects of Articulation
Authors: Ferrier E. E.
Published: January 2017

The development of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities has created a new tool for investigations of the characteristics of speech problems. Forty intellectually and physically normal children with functional defects of articulation were tested with the ITPA. Performance of the group was compared with normative data reported for the test. The subjects scored lower than the norms on all subtests at the two levels of the test. Subtests most affected were in the auditory vocal channel.
Research on Psycholinguistic Training: Critique and Guidelines
Authors: Minskoff Esther H.
Published: January 2017

This article presents a critical analysis of Hammill and Larsen's review (1974) of studies on the effectiveness of psycholinguistic training. Variables to be described and controlled in such efficacy studies are presented.