bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of material bridges on shear strength of unfilled intermittent rock joints
Authors: Miladinović Borko , Živaljević Slobodan , Tomanović Zvonko
Published: June 2022

According to the well-known Jaeger's theory, the minimum possible rock mass shear strength as a discontinuum actually corresponds to the shear strength of rock joints. Since failures in rock masses due to loads caused by civil structures or civil works occur mainly by exceeding their shear strength, the shear strength of rock joints has huge practical significance. Therefore, in this paper it was decided to analyse a factor which can have a very important influence on the shear strength of unfilled rock joints. Namely, the influence of the presence of material bridges and initial joints between them, their number, size, mutual distance and orientation relative to the shearing direction were analyzed using results of laboratory or numerical CNS direct shear tests which were carried out by different researchers around the world. Except for increasing its peak and residual value, the professional public is currently unaware of the impact of this factor on the shear strength of intermittent rock joints. Based on the carried out analysis, appropriate conclusions have been made.
Study the effect of operating of the North and South Al Diwaniyah power plants on the city of Al Diwaniyah
Authors: Abdzaid Hussein , Alnasur Fawzi , Almansoori Ahmed , Al-Furaiji Mushtaq
Published: June 2022

This study was conducted to find out the impact of two diesel plants (southern and northern) of the city of Al Diwaniyah by studying the concentrations of some heavy elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe) in the soil and plants around the two stations as a result of operating with heavy fuel and the absence of techniques for filtering exhaust waste. The results showed that heavy metals in plants are higher than their concentration in the soil. Moreover, the highest percentage of contamination with heavy elements for each of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Pb in the soil is 293.1, 133.8, 365, 55, 46 and 0.093 mcg/gm, respectively against, 440, 201.8, 446, 130,98 and 35.12 mcg/gm in the plant. These percentages are higher than the recommended values, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The results also showed that the pollution level from heavy metals in soil and plant samples was higher in the areas south of the two stations. The lowest values were located to the North of stations because the wind blew from North to south, carrying the pollutants most of the year. This has resulted from the incomplete combustion of heavy fuel in the two plants to the populated city center, located to the south of the North Al Diwaniyah station.
Numerical investigation on flexural behavior of RC beams with large web opening externally strengthened with CFRP laminates under cyclic load: Three-point bending test
Authors: Abbas Abulqasim , Qader Nihad , Celik Tuncer
Published: June 2022

In the current paper, the effect of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates on the flexural strength of reinforced concrete beam (RCB) with the web opening in the flexural zone was investigated using a numerical method. The main aim of the current work is to model the reinforced concrete beam strengthen by two shape of CFRP laminates (2layer and U-shape), to observe the influences of CFRP on the flexural strength of the beam. To this end, cyclic loading was applied to investigate the flexural behaviour of the Twelve RC beams under the cyclic loading. All beams kept the same dimensions length, breadth, and depth (2400 × 300 × 200) mm were modeled in the finite elements adopted by ABAQUS software. Steel bars have been used for both flexural strengthening and stirrups. A Three-point bending tests were performed using cyclic loading. Furthermore, the effect of web openings with different sizes (Side length of 40, 60, 75% of the breadth) on the flexural behavior of RC beams was investigated in detail. The flexural strength, local analysis, and ductility of the base beam and CFRP reinforced beam were analyzed. The results of the simulations revealed that the CFRP laminates enhanced the strength of the base beam significantly.
Thermal protection of roads in the permafrost zone
Authors: Galkin Aleksandr , Pankov V.Yu.
Published: June 2022

The problem of choosing a method of construction of thermal protection layer of the road pavement in permafrost zone was solved. Simple engineering formulas to justify the choice of the specific type of thermal insulation structure were obtained. It was determined that a structure composed of two layers (separate layers insulant and of sand) is always more efficient than a thermal insulation mixture (combined insulant and sand) applied in one layer for the purposes of maximizing thermal resistance. At the same time, a quantitative assessment demonstrated that in many practical cases, the difference in thermal resistance of the two kinds of structures is slight and is within the margins of permissible precision of engineering calculations. For this reason, it is expedient to also consider the technological demands of application of one or the other type of thermal insulation layer in addition to the thermal resistance considerations. Formulas to find the area of rational use of thermal insulation mixtures instead of merely sand bedding were devised. It was determined that the thickness of bedding in one or the other case is significantly dependent on the ratio of thermal conductivity coefficients of sand and the insulant. In addition, the change in relative thickness of the layer can have both negative and positive values.
A generalization of the array type polynomials
Authors: Masjed-Jamei Mohammad , Milovanović Gradimir , Cıhat Dağlı
Published: June 2022

We introduce a generalization of the array type polynomials by using two specific generating functions and investigate some of its basic properties in the sequel. A recurrence relation and two summation formulas involving these polynomials are also given.
On a family of bi-univalent functions related to the Fibonacci numbers
Authors: Akgül Arzu
Published: June 2022

In this study, we construct a new family of holomorphic biunivalent functions in the open unit disc by the help of q-analogue of Noor integral operator, principle of subordination and Fibonacci polynomials. Also we obtain coefficient bounds and Fekete Szegö inequality for functions belonging this family. We have illustrated relevant families and consequences.
Winery website analysis framework: The case study of Srem wineries
Authors: Ćamilović Dragana
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework that would enable analysis of wineries' websites from several aspects: Website Functionality, Interactivity, Visual Appearance, Contact Information, Winery Specific Information, Wine Tourism Related Services, and Online Shopping. The framework is then applied to analyse the Srem wineries' websites. The author has specifically chosen the Srem region because Srem's viticulture has a long tradition, and the wines produced there are of high quality. To be recognized as such in the world and to make Srem region interesting to wine consumers and wine tourists from various countries, the Srem wineries need to have a strong online presence, particularly in the form of websites. Unfortunately, the research presented in this paper reveals that a large number of Srem wineries do not have a website. The existing websites were studied in detail in accordance with the proposed framework. The project has its practical implications, since the framework presented can be of great help to wine business practitioners in understanding which features characterize a high-quality winery website.
Challenges and usage of cryptocurrencies in tourism
Authors: Zrnić Miloš , Njeguš Angelina , Brdar Ivana , Košutić Jelena
Published: June 2022

The subject of this research are challenges in the application of cryptocurrencies in tourism, with focus on the Republic of Serbia. The paper will present examination of the attitudes and opinions of the respondents in the tourist market of the Republic of Serbia about cryptocurrencies and their willingness to accept them in their work, business and travel. The methods used in the research are: hypothetical-deductive, structured (closed type) questions, dichotomic single choice questions; both nominal and interval measurement scales. Research should contribute to a better understanding of the functioning of digital currencies in the tourism sector and a closer understanding of the challenges and prospects for their application.
Seña y contraseña en el torno. Las huellas de un lenguaje simbólico en el Asilo de Expósitos y Huérfanos de Montevideo 1894-1934
Authors: Osta Vásquez María Laura
Published: June 2022

En el Asilo de Expósitos y Huérfanos de Montevideo existió un torno desde 1818 (siendo la Inclusa) hasta 1934 (año en que el torno fue prohibido). En este torno o dispositivo giratorio, se dejaban bebes con señales, objetos como cartas, medallas, fotos, ropa, entre otros. En este artículo se busca analizar estos objetos a través de los lentes de la historia de las emociones, buscando entender las emociones como un eco de valores y prácticas sociales propios de una moral y época determinadas. Se propone visibilizar y analizar estas señales y el lenguaje simbólico de las mismas, verlas como mensajes cifrados propios de un diálogo íntimo entre las familias y sus proles. El 90 % de estos bebés traían señales, el tiempo de recuperación legal era de dos años, en ese período, sólo el 30 % lograba recuperar a su prole.
MVDLite: a Fast Validation Algorithm for Model View Definition Rules
Authors: Liu H. , Gao G. , Zhang H. , Liu Y. , Song Y. , Gu M.
Published: June 2022

Model View Definition (MVD) is the standard methodology to define the data exchange requirements and rule constraints for Building Information Models (BIMs). In this paper, the MVDLite algorithm is proposed for the fast validation of MVD rules. A “rule chain” structure is introduced to combine the data templates, constraint statements, and logical interconnections in an input mvdXML ruleset, which leads to fast filtering of data nodes through the rule chain. By establishing the correspondence of each prefix of the rule chain with a string, the deep-caching strategy further improves efficiency. The outperforming experimental results show that our algorithm significantly reduces the running time of MVD validation on large real-world BIMs.
Integrated data-driven and knowledge-based performance evaluation for machine assistance in building design decision support
Authors: Chen X. , Saluz U. , Staudt J. , Margesin M. , Lang W. , Geyer P.
Published: June 2022

The building design process requires architects to consider interdisciplinary knowledge and data support based on the vision of sustainable development. In this context, we develop a process-integrated, dynamic machine assistance to support the decision-making process for building designers in the early design phases. In this paper, we present 1. a framework for integrating data-driven models with knowledge-based methods that provide multi-objective assistance considering energy performance and embodied environmental impact; 2. the alignment of the methods in the design process and respective decision situations to disclose the potential situated design space including its uncertainty ranges as well as detailed strategy suggestions. A case of real-world building data serves to illustrate and validate the approach. The research presented in this paper is part of research aiming at assistance by augmented intelligence for sustainable building design decision support.
The Role of Simulation in Digital Twin Construction
Authors: Yeung T. , Martinez J. , Sharoni L. , Sacks R.
Published: June 2022

Fostered by advances in digital twin and onsite monitoring technologies, the paradigm of Digital Twin Construction (DTC) has emerged as a comprehensive mode of construction that proposes a data-driven lean production planning and control workflow, leveraging project status and design intent information to make proactive production system design changes. Simulation plays an essential role in the DTC paradigm as a provider of predictive situational awareness (SA), a mechanism for data-driven continuous improvement, and an enabler of future autonomous real-time production control systems in construction projects. In this paper, we outline these modes of use of simulation, discuss potential barriers to implementing simulation in DTC workflows, and propose a set of criteria to evaluate a simulation tool’s applicability to DTC.
Agricultural Aid and Growth in Sub Saharan Africa: a Review of Empirical Evidence
Authors: Shaibu Abdul-Fatawu , Shaibu Mohammed Hardi
Published: June 2022

There are interesting debates on the influence of foreign aid to agriculture on economic growth in Africa. Some scholars have argued that, despite the inflows, majority of rural smallholder farmers in the continent are extremely poor. The precise channels through which foreign aid is to promote sectoral growth has been inadequately understood from the literature. This paper is a systematic literature review on the empirical evidence of the relationship between agricultural aid and growth in Sub Saharan African countries. The Generalized Methods of Moments and the Granger causality test are the main methodological approaches of papers reviewed and the relationship between agricultural aid and productivity growth is positive and quite significant. However, the results demonstrate a weak synergy between the various forms of agricultural aid and growth. The main recommendation is to have a broader conceptual, theoretical or analytical frameworks that clearly define how agricultural aid influences productivity when measured against other influencing factors. Aid is only a catalyst to growth so, governments must invest and provide the necessary infrastructure and a conducive policy environment for increased productivity and growth.
Postoperative effects of bariatric surgery on heart rate recovery and heart rate variability
Authors: Park Han Su , Seo Kyungwon , Kim Hyeon Soo , Im Sung il , Kim Bong Joon , Kim Bu Kyung , Heo Jung Ho
Published: June 2022

Background: Several studies have reported associations between obesity and autonomic dysfunction. However, little research has investigated the effect of bariatric surgery on heart rate recovery (HRR) in the treadmill test and heart rate variability (HRV) in 24-hour Holter monitoring. We investigated the effects of bariatric surgery on HRR and HRV, which are parameters related to autonomic dysfunction. Methods: We retrospectively investigated patients who underwent bariatric surgery in 2019. The treadmill test, 24-hour Holter monitoring, and echocardiography were performed before and 6 months after surgery. We compared the changes in HRR in the treadmill test and HRV parameters such as the time domain and spectral domain in 24-hour Holter monitoring before and after surgery. Results: Of the 40 patients who underwent bariatric surgery, 25 patients had the treadmill test or 24-hour Holter monitoring both before and after surgery. Body weight and body mass index significantly decreased after surgery (112.86±24.37 kg vs. 89.10±20.26 kg, p<0.001; 39.22±5.69 kg/m2 vs. 31.00±5.09 kg/m2, p<0.001, respectively). HRR significantly increased (n=23; 43.00±20.97 vs. 64.29±18.49, p=0.001). The time domain of HRV parameters increased (n=21; standard deviation of the N-N interval 123.57±28.05 vs. 152.57±39.49, p=0.002 and mean N-N interval 791.57±88.84 vs. 869.05±126.31, p=0.002).Conclusions: Our data showed that HRR after exercise and HRV during 24-hour Holter monitoring improved after weight reduction with bariatric surgery through improved cardiac autonomic function.
CA 19-9 in Ovarian Immature TeratomaA Potential Tumour Marker or A Masquerade?
Authors: John Julie H , Sanghamita R , Halder Ajay , Mukhopadhyay Sramana , Patel Shweta
Published: June 2022

Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9, also known as Cancer Antigen (CA 19-9) is a tumour marker found elevated in certain ovarian tumours. Although reports of its association with mature teratoma are considerable, little is mentioned about its association with immature teratoma. This could be attributed to immature teratoma being a rare tumour with only a few studies on its tumour markers. Authors present the case of a 24-year-old female presenting with ovarian immature teratoma who also showed unusually high serum levels of CA 19-9 which reduced drastically after surgery. This association therefore may warrant further investigations to establish the clinical relevance and its importance in future.
Early Prediction of Small for Gestational Age (SGA): The Predictive Role of Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A
Authors: Chandramohan Pavan Bhargava , Pradhan Pragyan Paramita , Shikha Taru , Agrawal Sarita , Rajbhar Sarita , Shrivastava Chandrashekhar
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Small for Gestational Age (SGA) is a compelling obstetric adversity with multiple consequences. Early diagnosis, although a challenge, can help blunt the adverse effects. One of the markers is Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A) which can be an early predictor of SGA. Aim: To find the association of low levels of pregnancy associated plasma protein-A with small for gestational age. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India, between June 2018 and September 2019. The demographic profile, PAPP-A Multiples of Median (MoM) levels, complications in pregnancy and birth outcome data of a total of 203 women were noted. For analysis of descriptive and categorical data, IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software version 23.0 was used. Shapiro-Wilk and KolmogorovSmirnov tests were performed to assess normality of distribution. Qualitative data were analysed by Chi-square test and categorical data, by Mann-Whitney’s U test. Results: The prevalence of SGA was 18.2%, out of which PAPP-A MoM levels were ≤0.49 in 59.4%. The association between PAPP-A levels and SGA was statistically significant (p-value=0.03) with unadjusted odds ratio of 8.27 (95%CI, 3.78-18.08). Simple logistic regression showed an inverse relationship of PAPP-A with SGA. At the cut-off of ≤0.49 considered in the study, sensitivity was 86.7%, specificity was 54.1%, positive predictive value was 29.5% and negative predictive value was 94.8%. Positive likelihood ratio was 1.88 and negative likelihood ratio was 0.24 and the diagnostic accuracy was found to be 59.9%. Conclusion: An inverse relationship between levels of PAPP-A MoM (≤0.49) and SGA was found in the study. Low levels of PAPP-A MoM can be a useful early predictor of SGA.
Trend of HIV Infection and Associated Risk Factors at Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bihar: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Prakash Vidyut , Prasad Nidhi , Shahi SK
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection became a major global health issue and a priority in many countries because it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In India, about 71% of total annual new HIV infections were reported from Telangana, Bihar, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujrat, Tamil Nadu and Delhi. The major cause of concern is that around 25% of the infected people are not aware that they are infected by HIV virus and is one of the major risk factor responsible for the spread of HIV infection. Aim: To evaluate the trends, pattern and associated risk factors responsible for the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in patients who attended Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre (ICTC) of a tertiary care centre of Bihar, India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on the available records of all the patients who attended ICTC of a tertiary care centre in Bihar, India, between January 2016 to December 2018. The data regarding the age, sex, marital status, educational status and behavioural pattern of the patients tested for HIV infection at the ICTC were assessed and analysed. Descriptive statistical analysis was done. Results: The total of 16333 and 15969 patients received counselling and testing services respectively during the study period. The prevalence of HIV infection was 3.70%, amongst whom 64.38% were males and 32.93% were females including 2.69% pregnant female patients. The ratio of seropositive male to seropositive female was 2.07:1. Maximum seroreactivity was found in 35-49 years age group (38.57%) followed by 25-34 years age group (28.42%). The major factor for the transmission and spread of HIV infection was unprotected sexual contact (88.33%) followed by mother to child transmission, infected blood and its products and infected needles and syringes. Illiteracy (45%) and unawareness was the major associated factor for spread of HIV infection. Conclusion: The high prevalence of HIV infection can be minimised by creating awareness, following safe sexual practices, promoting antenatal screening, procuring blood and its product from authorised blood banks where proper screening of Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTI) is done.
Multilineage Haematologic Pattern Involvement in COVID-19 - Evaluation from Peripheral Blood Elements
Authors: Patra Mrunmayee , Mohapatra Chandrasekhar , Kar Preetam Kumar , Prusty Nilamadhaba , Nath Prakash Kumar
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Coronavirus disease is a highly contagious disease emerged from the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019. The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) involves haematopoietic system affecting erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, lymphopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. Bone marrow is the ultimate source of most cells of innate and acquired immunity. In response to infectious or inflammatory stimuli, bone marrow enhances its output under the influences of growth factors and cytokines. Peripheral blood smear examination is a simple, rapid and cost effective procedure. Thus, examining peripheral blood elements could be helpful, particularly when Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test is not available at all levels of healthcare. Complete Blood Count (CBC) along with peripheral blood smear examination can reflect the impact of virus on haematopoietic system. Aim: The goal was to describe the peculiar morphological findings of peripheral blood elements in COVID-19 cases and the immune-inflammatory parameters from CBC that would be helpful to assess the disease severity so that early therapeutic intervention can be made. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional retrospective study carried out in Department of Pathology, Fakir Mohan Medical College and Hospital, Balasore from 05 June 2020 to 10 August 2020. Among the suspected COVID-19 patients admitted to the isolation ward; 200 adult patients (≥18 years of age) were included in the study. Suspected COVID-19 patient with co-morbidities, pregnant women, paediatric population were excluded from the study. Data including clinical features, co-morbidities, CBC and peripheral blood smear examination was received and compared with RT-PCR result of these patients. The immune-inflammatory parameters like Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) were evaluated from CBC. Data were evaluated for statistical significance using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21.0. The categorical variables of the patients were analysed using Chi-square test and presented as numbers and percentages. Parametric continued variables were analysed using Independent Sample Student’s t-test and p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Monolobate neutrophils and plasmacytoid lymphocytes were seen in peripheral blood smear of COVID-19 patients (p<0.05). Giant platelets with cytoplasmic vacuolations was detected in 77.27% (102) of postive cases. The NLR was greater than 12 (mean 18.44±1.735) in all severe patients that were admitted in Intensive Care Unit. Conclusion: In addition to the morphological changes in peripheral blood smear examination, evaluation of immune- inflammatory parameters, particularly neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, may be helpful in the screening, diagnosis, predicting prognosis as well as in treatment of COVID-19.
The Impact of Addition of Soybean Oil to Increase the Growth, EPA and HSI in Biofloc Catfish
Authors: Fauzy Dzikri Ahmad , Rostika Rita , Pratiwy Fittrie Meyllianawaty , Haetami Kiki
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to determine the level of increasing of omega-3 fatty acids EPA, Hepatosomatic Index (HSI), Specific Growth Rates (SGR), and Average Daily Growth (ADG) with the addition of soybean oil to feed as supplement. This research method uses a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 tests. The different concentration of soybean oil in the feed were considered as treatment, A (0%); B (2%); C (4%); and D (6%). The test fish used was catfish (Clarias sp) from Bandung Regency, West Java. Feed as much as 2.5% of the biomass weight is given 2 times a day, namely at 07 a.m and 16 p.m for 30 days in a biofloc tank. The conclusion of this study was that the addition of soybean oil showed the best result is in the addition of 4% soybean oil to the feed. The dose showed that the addition of soybean oil as much as 4% to the feed was able to have the best influence on the increase in Omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid/EPA fatty acids by 25 mg/100g with the highest Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) value of 1.52 ± 0.11, the best Specific Growth rate (SGR) value of 1.1% and Average Daily Growth (ADG) value of 0.27%.
White-rumped Vulture’s Habitat Suitability Prediction using MaxEnt in Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Kimsing Abprez Thungwon , Ngukir Jacob , Biju Talo , Mize Daniel
Published: June 2022

Few reports showed that White-rumped vulture is present in Arunachal Pradesh. However, they were reported from a few places only. Such sightings suggest that either the region is not explored completely or the habitats are not suitable for the species. Therefore, knowing and predicting the habitat suitability of WRV and revealing the relative contribution of environmental variables determining such distribution can be important for their protection and conservation. The present study was based on the current distribution of WRV in Arunachal Pradesh that we had surveyed from 2016 to 2020. We followed the road count and point count methods to obtain primary occurrence data. Also, secondary data on occurrence records and data on environmental variables (landscape variables, anthropogenic variables, and climatic variables) were obtained and used. The data were processed using ArcMap. 29 occurrence records (filtered) and 11 environmental variables were used to build the prediction model using maximum entropy (MaxEnt). The MaxEnt predicted model showed high accuracy with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value equals to 0.95 and True Skill Statistics value equals to 0.87. Of the total area, only 2629.63 km2 (3.20 %) is suitable for WRV while the majority of the area is unsuitable (79542.84 km2) (96.79 %). The elevation (32.2%), land use land cover (31.7%), and normalized difference vegetation index of November (26.7%) were the most influencing variables impacting the distribution of WRV. Among bioclimatic variables, the mean temperature of the warmest quarter and precipitation of the wettest quarter had the highest contribution. This work is the first attempt to understand the spatial distribution of WRV and the environmental factors associated with their distribution in the state. The findings can be relevant for designing conservation efforts to conserve this species in the state.
Magnetohydrodynamic Jeffrey Nanofluid Flow Over a Vertical Sheet
Authors: Simon Wekesa Waswa , Mutuku Winifred Nduku
Published: June 2022

Aim: This study focuses on the numerical analysis of Jeffrey nano-fluid bound with magnetic field in presence of convectively heated boundary.

Study Design: Abstract, introduction, Equations formulation, numerical analysis and conclusion

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science, Kenyatta University, between 2021-2022

Methodology: This paper discusses the imposed magnetic field on Jeffrey fluid suspended with nanometre-sized particles moving over a vertical sheet with a convectively heated boundary. The partial differential equations are formulated by considering assumptions and the boundary conditions to describe the continuity, momentum, energy and concentration of the fluid. The similarity transformation technique was applied to convert the partial differential equations into first-order linear differential equations which were simulated in Matlab by invoking the Adam’s-Moulton predictor-corrector scheme in ode113.

The graphs have been analysed with the effects of Deborah, Dufour-Lewis, Hartman, and Prandtl numbers respectively, solutal stratification, diffusion, thermophoresis, temperature Grashof, mass Grashof, relaxation-retardation parameters on the flow velocity, concentration, temperature, skin friction, heat and mass transfers looked into.

Results: While Deborah number increased velocity, it reduced concentration, skin friction and thermal boundary layer at lower numbers hence improved mass and heat transfer. Solutal stratification, Retardation-relaxation parameter and diffusion raised temperature thus heat transfer.

Conclusion: Deborah number, solutal stratification, retardation-relaxation parameter and diffusion improves heat and mass transfer.
Levels of Deoxynivalenol and Aflatoxin Mycotoxins in Grains in Some Markets of Makurdi Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Adie P. A. , Yande J. T. , Malu S. P.
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to estimate deoxynivalenol (DON) and total aflatoxin in two varieties of millet, sorghum and maize, in some markets of Makurdi metropolis, North-Central, Nigeria using direct competitive Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Moisture content, total aerobic microbial count, mould count, Coliform and Escherichia coli were determined using standard analytical methods. Moisture content profile of 9.5032 to 12.9940% (sorghum), 9.5932 to 12.3604% (maize) and 9.0279 to 12.4108% (millet) was considered relatively high. Proliferation of total aerobic microbial count was observed in the samples across the sampling points. Mycotoxins under study were detected in all samples across the sampling points. Whereas total aflatoxins were within permissible limits, DON exceeded thresholds. It was also observed that, these grains were more susceptible to the fungus Fusarium species producer of DON than the producer of aflatoxin, thus susceptibility of the grains to fungus producer of DON was in the order: sorghum > maize > millet, whereas the susceptibility against the fungus producer or producers of total aflatoxin level was in the order: sorghum > millet > maize respectively. This in general, indicated microbial contamination of these cereals in the study location indicting farmers and marketers of poor hygienic handling and processing of the grains. Pearson’s 2-tailed correlation at 0.05 level of significance revealed strong correlation of deoxynivalenol with moisture content of grains across locations.
Young People's Knowledge of the Consequences of Using Toxic Cosmetics
Authors: Martin Likilo Dangondje , Brigitte Tabu Singa , Emmanuel Buruga Bhanduni , Raymond Assani Ramazani
Published: June 2022

Introduction: A study on the knowledge of young people on the consequences of the use of toxic cosmetic products was carried out at the Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales of Kisangani with the objectives of analysing young people's knowledge of the use of toxic cosmetics, determining the consequences of abusive use of these products and evaluating the treatment in the event of irritation or intoxication.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study based on face-to-face interviewing of students in the period from 1 January to 15 October 2021. Based on a Simple random sampling. Thus, 60 young people were recruited from a population of 1,865 students.

Results: It was shown that the majority of young people (81.7%) were not aware of the chemical agents contained in toxic cosmetics, skin cancer was the consequence of the abusive use of toxic cosmetic products (50.0%), changing products considered toxic was the management observed in case of allergies or skin irritations (53.3%).

Conclusion: Young people's lack of knowledge about the chemical agents in toxic cosmetic products is a real public health problem. The need and importance of raising awareness among young people about not using toxic cosmetic products that can cause harmful and damaging consequences on the skin is essential. This is where the role of the authorities in charge of controlling and regulating the conformity of products released for consumption comes in.
In vitro Antimitotic Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of Isolated Compounds from Rhynchosia beddomei
Authors: Madhuri M. Lakshmi , Reddy R. Raja
Published: June 2022

The goal of this work was to use an exquisite combination of phytopharmacological and modern computational tools to examine the anticancer potential of Rhynchosia beddomei. The methanolic extract of Rhynchosia beddomei was screened for in vitro antimitotic activity like Allium cepa root tip assay. Molecular docking was carried out between the Bcl-2 Receptor, VEGFR-2 and bioactive compounds like apigenein, vitexin, isovitexin, quercetin, vicenin, orientin, rutin etc. Extract of Rhynchosia beddomei showed significant antimitotic activity, by decreasing rate of mitosis in comparison to water. Methotrexate (0.1 mg/mL) was used as a standard and shows highest antimitotic activity. Thus, the selected plant displayed significant antimitotic activity by showing good inhibition. Vitexin, rutin and lucenin have demonstrated remarkable binding affinity towards Bcl-2 and biochanin, isovitexin, orientin and apigenin have demonstrated remarkable binding affinity towards VEGFR-2 respectively. Molecular dynamic simulation studies have further confirmed the finding of docking analysis, suggesting that Bcl-2 and VEGFR-2 can act as an attractive molecular target for vitexin, rutin, biochanin, isovitexin, orientin and apigenin respectively.
Student research collaboration as conservation education: A case study from the primate field school at Maderas Rainforest Conservancy
Authors: Bolt Laura M. , Schreier Amy L.
Published: June 2022

Maderas Rainforest Conservancy (MRC) is a conservation‐focused non‐profit organization that is devoted to protecting the tropical forests they manage in Costa Rica and Nicaragua and to providing conservation education for international university students through biological field schools. The MRC Primate Behavior and Ecology course is their most frequent course offering and is aimed at developing students to be independent field researchers. This course involves classroom lectures, training in primate identification and field methods, and the execution of independent research projects that students design, collect data for, and write up as scientific papers. Student development as conservationists is facilitated through the research experience provided by this field course as well as through co‐ and extracurricular research opportunities available to students at the sites that MRC manages: La Suerte Biological Research Station in Costa Rica, and Ometepe Biological Research Station in Nicaragua. In tandem with their participation in the MRC primate field course, we (Laura M. Bolt and Amy L. Schreier) consistently offer students research opportunities in our ongoing project examining the impact of forest fragmentation on primate behavioral ecology. MRC student course evaluations indicate that this co‐ and extracurricular research participation substantially contributes to student academic development and conservation awareness. Student research collaboration, therefore, greatly benefits students as well as furthers MRC's conservation goals as a non‐profit organization. In future MRC primate field school sessions, we will continue to offer research collaboration opportunities to students and will also endeavor to improve conservation education at MRC by involving more local community members in MRC's academic programs.
Stabilizing region of fractional‐order proportional integral derivative controllers for interval delayed fractional‐order plants
Authors: Ghorbani Majid , Tepljakov Aleksei , Petlenkov Eduard
Published: June 2022

This paper concentrates on computing the stabilizing region of fractional‐order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controllers for interval delayed fractional‐order plants. An interval delayed fractional‐order plant is defined as a fractional‐order transfer function with a time delay whose denominator and numerator coefficients are all uncertain and lie in specified intervals. In the present study, first, a theorem is proven to analyze the robust stability of the given closed‐loop. Then, a method is proposed to solve the problem of robustly stabilizing interval delayed fractional‐order plants by using FOPID controllers. Moreover, two auxiliary functions are presented to fulfill the additional specifications of design, ensuring better performance of the controlled system with respect to the disturbance and noise. Finally, two examples are provided to illustrate the design procedure.
Dual effect of radiotherapy related concomitant cardiovascular diseases in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Mo You , Tian Baoqing , Wu Meng , Chen Minxin , Chen Dawei , Yu Jinming
Published: June 2022

Background

Nowadays, cancer and cardiac diseases are two of the most causes of death, so cancer treatment‐related cardiac death cannot be ignored. For lung cancer, chest radiotherapy (RT) is essential, but the related cardiotoxicity has not been fully studied.

Methods

We reviewed the data of 11,455 patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2001 to 2015. The change trend for concomitant cardiovascular diseases (CVD)‐specific death was calculated and graphically demonstrated. Univariate and multivariate analyses for survival were performed using Cox risk regression model.

Results

In our analysis, the overall incidence and mortality from NSCLC declined, but CVD‐specific death increased. Both chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy alone played a significant role in CVD‐specific death. Analyzed longitudinally from diagnosis, we found that the effect of RT in CVD‐specific death increased continuously over the third years and the hazard ratio for CVD‐specific death was 1.386 times between RT and non‐RT group (HR = 1.386, 95% CI 1.322–1.452; p < 0.0001). On the other hand, RT played a protective role in CVD‐specific death before the second years, especially in recent years from 2013 to 2015 (HR = 0.843, 95% CI 0.740–0.959; p = 0.009).

Conclusions

Although the mortality from NSCLC decreased, but radiotherapy‐related CVD‐specific mortality cannot be ignored. In the long‐term over 3 years, RT significantly promoted CVD‐specific death. However, RT turned to be a protective role in the short‐term within 2 years. In clinical practice, we need to comprehensively consider the dual effects of radiotherapy on the side effect of heart.
Rotational Spectroscopy of the 2,2,3,3,3‐Pentafluoropropanol⋅⋅⋅Water Complex: Conformations and Large Amplitude Motions
Authors: Wu Bowei , Seifert Nathan A. , Oswald Sönke , Jäger Wolfgang , Xu Yunjie
Published: June 2022

The 2,2,3,3,3‐pentafluoropropanol (PFP) monomer can exist in five conformations defined by the CCCO and CCOH dihedral angles: four mirror‐imaged pairs (G+g+/G‐g‐,G+g‐/G‐g+,G+t/G‐t,Tg+/Tg‐) and an achiralTtform. We examined the conformational landscape of the PFP⋅⋅⋅water complex using chirped pulsed Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Rotational spectra of two PFP⋅⋅⋅water conformers,PFPG+g+⋅⋅⋅WHandPFPTg+⋅⋅⋅WH, and seven deuterated isotopologues of each, were assigned. Tunneling splittings were observed for both conformers and are attributed to the exchange of the bonded and non‐bonded hydrogen atoms of water. On the other hand, the tunneling splitting associated with the OH flipping motion inPFPTg+/Tg‐appears to be quenched upon hydrogen bonding with water. The large amplitude motions associated with the water subunits were examined in detail to explain the very different magnitudes of the experimental and theoretical permanent electric dipole moment components. The study highlights the challenge in correctly identifying the conformers observed when large amplitude motions are involved. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and non‐covalent interaction (NCI) analyses, as well as electrostatic potential (ESP) calculations were carried out to explore the nature of the non‐covalent interactions and to appreciate the effects of fluorination.
Predictors of persistent alcohol use disorder and co‐occurring depressive symptoms: Insights from the longitudinal college experiences study
Authors: Samek Diana R. , Akua Bruno Ache
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Problematic alcohol use and depression are prevalent in the college student population. The purpose of this study was to identify how personality and social‐contextual factors in the first year of college work together to predict stable and potentially co‐occurring alcohol use disorder (AUD) and depressive symptoms over a period of approximately 4 years.

Methods

Participants were first‐year college students from the Southeastern United States (N = 209, 90% white, 62% female). Baseline data were collected in the first year of college and follow‐up assessments were completed ~1 and ~4 years later (retention rates: 80%+, average ages ~19, 20, and 23 years, respectively). At each assessment, participants completed a comprehensive online survey assessing mental health and substance use, as well as personality, social support, stress, sleep, and other features of peer and romantic partner affiliations.

Results

Results from our random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel model indicated AUD and depressive symptoms were more likely to co‐occur in the transition out of rather than into college. Significant predictors of stable AUD symptoms across the ~4‐year period included greater alcohol quantity, marijuana frequency, affiliation with antisocial/substance‐using peers, and frequency of drinking with romantic partner in the first year of college. Significant predictors of stable depressive symptoms included greater constraint, greater negative emotionality, lower positive emotionality, greater stress, and less weekday sleep.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that personality factors, stress, and sleep in the first year of college may be useful targets to screen for in efforts to reduce long‐term depressive symptoms in the college context. Disrupting affiliation with antisocial/substance‐using peers and romantic partners and reducing the high quantity of alcohol and frequency of marijuana may be more relevant to reducing long‐term problematic alcohol use. Implications for incorporating individually‐tailored approaches to prevention/intervention are addressed.
Primary Total Laryngectomy versus Organ Preservation for Locally Advanced T3/T4a Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Lee Maxwell Y. , Belfiglio Mario , Zeng Johnathan , Fleming Christopher W. , Koyfman Shlomo , Joshi Nikhil P. , Lamarre Eric , Prendes Brandon , Scharpf Joseph , Lorenz Robert R. , Woody Neil M. , Adelstein David J. , Geiger Jessica L. , Chute Deborah J. , Ku Jamie A.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Organ preservation (OP) treatment for advanced laryngeal cancer has increased compared to primary total laryngectomy. Our study compares oncologic and functional outcomes between these approaches.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Single tertiary care institution.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients receiving primary total laryngectomy or OP for laryngeal cancer between 1/1/2000 and 12/31/2018.

Results

A total of 118 patients received primary total laryngectomy and 119 received OP. Overall survival was similar between total laryngectomy and OP. When stratified by T stage, disease‐free survival was worse among T3 patients receiving OP versus total laryngectomy. In T3 patients, 28 OP patients experienced local recurrence (28.9%) compared to 3 total laryngectomy patients (7.1%; p < 0.01). In total, 20 OP patients with local recurrence received salvage surgery. These patients had similar overall survival to patients who underwent initial total laryngectomy (TL). About 14 OP patients with local recurrence did not receive salvage surgery. About 89 (75.4%) TL patients achieved normal diet as compared to 64 (53.8%) OP patients (p < 0.001). In TL patients, 106 (89.8%) received primary or secondary tracheoesophageal‐prosthesis, 82 (77.4%) of whom achieved completely understandable speech.

Conclusions

There was no difference in survival by treatment in T4 patients, possibly because of strict patient selection. However, disease‐free survival was worse in T3 patients receiving OP, likely due to a high local recurrence rate. Approximately 40% of patients with local recurrence were not eligible for salvage laryngectomy. TL patients had comparable swallowing and speech outcomes with OP patients.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:1122–1131, 2023
Extracellular vesicles: Emerging frontiers in wound healing
Authors: Hade Mangesh D. , Suire Caitlin N. , Mossell James , Suo Zucai
Published: June 2022

Extracellular vesicles are membranous particles, ranging from 30 nm to 10 µm in diameter, which are released by nearly all cell types to aid in intercellular communication. These complex vesicles carry a multitude of signaling moieties from their cell of origin, such as proteins, lipids, cell surface receptors, enzymes, cytokines, metabolites, and nucleic acids. A growing body of evidence suggests that in addition to delivering cargos into target cells to facilitate intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles may also play roles in such processes as cell differentiation and proliferation, angiogenesis, stress response, and immune signaling. As these vesicles have natural biocompatibility, stability in circulation, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity, and serve as efficient carriers of molecular cargos, these nanoparticles are ideal therapeutic candidates for regenerative medicine. Exploring and identifying the homeostatic functions of extracellular vesicles may facilitate the development of new regenerative therapies. In this review, we summarize the wound healing process, difficulties in stem cell therapies for regenerative medicine, and the applications of mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles in improving and accelerating the wound healing process.
Comparison of transfusion reactions in children and adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yaru , Sun Wenjie , Wang Xing , Ren Xiaoyan , Gao Ang , Li Meng , Wang Xiaowei
Published: June 2022

Background

There are no international standards or normalizations for diagnosing and treating complications from blood transfusions. We comprehensively compared the incidence of adverse blood transfusions in children and adults.

Methods

Available literature on blood transfusion adverse reactions in children and adults prior to November 27, 2021 was collected from several electronic databases. This meta‐analysis was performed using Revman 5.2 and Stata 15.1.

Results

The incidence of transfusion reactions is higher in children than in adults. Children transfused with red blood cells and platelets exhibited a higher incidence of transfusion reaction than that of adults. Moreover, the incidence of allergic and febrile non‐hemolytic transfusion reactions was significantly higher in children than in adults. The incidence of some rare transfusion reactions was also significantly higher in children than in adults.

Conclusion

The incidence of transfusion reactions in children and adults is varied. Guidelines for children are necessary.