bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neonatal phthalate ester exposure induced placental MTs, FATP1 and HFABP mRNA expression in two districts of southeast China
Authors: Li Bin , Xu Xijin , Zhu Yueqin , Cao Junjun , Zhang Yuling , Huo Xia
Published: February 2016

Plastic production releases phthalate esters (PAEs), which can alter the expression of metallothioneins (MTs), fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) and heart fatty acid binding protein (HFABP). A total of 187 mother-infant pairs were recruited, 127 from Chenghai (high exposed group) and 60 from Haojiang (low exposed group), to investigate the association between neonatal PAE exposure and mRNA expression of placental MTs, FATP1 and HFABP. Umbilical cord blood and placenta samples were collected for measuring five PAE concentrations and detecting mRNA levels of MTs, FATP1 and HFABP. Butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) were significantly higher in the high exposed group compared to the low exposed group. FATP1 and HFABP mRNA in the high exposed group were higher than that in the low exposed group while MT-1A was contrary. Both dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and DEHP were correlated with higher MT and MT-2A expression, while diethyl phthalate (DEP) was also positively correlated with MT-1A and FATP1 expression in female infants. DEHP exposure was negatively correlated with birth weight and gestational age in male infants. These results show that neonatal PAE exposure alters the mRNA expression of placental MTs and FATP1, which are related to fetal growth and development.
MAZ mediates the cross-talk between CT-1 and NOTCH1 signaling during gliogenesis
Authors: Liu Bin , Ma Anyun , Zhang Feng , Wang Yumeng , Li Zengmin , Li Qingyu , Xu Zhiheng , Zheng Yufang
Published: February 2016

Neurons and glia cells are differentiated from neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) during brain development. Concomitant activation of JAK/STAT and NOTCH1 signaling is required for gliogenesis, a process to generate glia cells to ensure proper brain functions. NOTCH1 signaling is down-regulated during neurogenesis and up-regulated during gliogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We report here that cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) activates NOTCH1 signaling through the up-regulation of ADAM10, a rate-limiting factor of NOTCH1 signaling activation. We found that a transcriptional factor, Myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ), plays an important role in ADAM10 transcription in response to CT-1 in NPCs. MAZ knockdown inhibits CT-1 stimulated gliogenesis and it can be rescued by over-expressing human NICD. Our results provide a link between NOTCH1 activation and neuronal secreted CT-1, suggesting that CT-1 plays an important role in ensuring the coordinated activation of NOTCH1 signaling during gliogenesis.
Hypoxia-mediated autophagic flux inhibits silver nanoparticle-triggered apoptosis in human lung cancer cells
Authors: Jeong Jae-Kyo , Gurunathan Sangiliyandi , Kang Min-Hee , Han Jae Woong , Das Joydeep , Choi Yun-Jung , Kwon Deug-Nam , Cho Ssang-Goo , Park Chankyu , Seo Han Geuk , Song Hyuk , Kim Jin-Hoi
Published: February 2016

Solid tumors are frequently associated with resistance to chemotherapy because the fraction of hypoxic tumor cells is substantial. To understand the underlying mechanism of hypoxia on silver nanoparticle (AgNPs)-induced apoptosis, the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, a hallmark of hypoxia, was measured in the presence and absence of AgNPs. The results showed that HIF-1α expression was upregulated after AgNPs treatment under both hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Cell viability assays showed that AgNPs promoted cell death in cancer cells but not in non-cancer cells, as cancer cells are slightly more acidic than normal cells. However, reactive oxygen species generation induced by AgNPs in lung cancer cells caused high susceptibility to oxidative stress, whereas pre-exposure to hypoxia blocked AgNPs-induced oxidative stress. Notably, HIF-1α inhibited AgNPs-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by regulating autophagic flux through the regulation of ATG5, LC3-II, and p62. Further, cell viability after treatment of cancer cells with AgNPs under hypoxic conditions was lower in HIF-1α siRNA-transfected cells than in control siRNA-transfected cells, indicating that HIF-1α knockdown enhances hypoxia induced decrease in cell viability. Our results suggest that hypoxia-mediated autophagy may be a mechanism for the resistance of AgNPs-induced apoptosis and that strategies targeting HIF-1α may be used for cancer therapy.
A red-emitting fluorescent probe based on flavone for hydrazine detection and its application in aqueous solution
Authors: Zhang Xueqiong , Shi Chunlong , Ji Pengwei , Jin Xiaodong , Liu Jingning , Zhu Hongjun
Published: February 2016

On account of the biological harmfulness of hydrazine, we have designed and synthesized a novel red-emitting fluorescent probe based on 3-hydroxyflavone.
Halogen bonding. The role of the polarizability of the electron-pair donor
Authors: Duarte Darío J. R. , Sosa Gladis L. , Peruchena Nélida M. , Alkorta Ibon
Published: February 2016

The nature of F–Br⋯X–R interactions (with X = Cl, Br, I and R = –H, –F) has been investigated through theoretical calculation of molecular potential electrostatic (MEP), molecular polarizability, atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis and energetic decomposition analysis (EDA).
Can slow-moving ions explain hysteresis in the current–voltage curves of perovskite solar cells?
Authors: Richardson Giles , O'Kane Simon E. J. , Niemann Ralf G. , Peltola Timo A. , Foster Jamie M. , Cameron Petra J. , Walker Alison B.
Published: February 2016

We have developed a charge transport model that explicitly accounts for ion migration. This model has been used to interpret measured current–voltage characteristics that show hysteresis.
Peloruside A: a lead non-taxoid-site microtubule-stabilizing agent with potential activity against cancer, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune disease
Authors: Kanakkanthara Arun , Northcote Peter T. , Miller John H.
Published: February 2016

Peloruside A, a microtubule-stabilizing agent isolated from a marine sponge, is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of cancer, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune disease.
Chitosan supported silver nanowires as a platform for direct electrochemistry and highly sensitive electrochemical glucose biosensing
Authors: Kumar-Krishnan Siva , Chakaravarthy S. , Hernandez-Rangel A. , Prokhorov E. , Luna-Bárcenas G. , Esparza Rodrigo , Meyyappan M.
Published: February 2016

Chitosan supported silver nanowire (CS/AgNWs) based enzyme electrodes for highly sensitive glucose sensing.
Synergistic inhibition of carbon steel corrosion in 0.5 M HCl solution by indigo carmine and some cationic organic compounds: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Zhang Z. , Tian N. C. , Huang X. D. , Shang W. , Wu L.
Published: February 2016

The synergistic corrosion inhibition effect of indigo carmine and three kinds of cationic organic compounds on 1045 carbon steel (CS) in 0.5 M HCl solution is reported.
Hybrid composites of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Si–Al for improving the properties of ultra-low density fiberboard (ULDF)
Authors: Chen Tingjie , Wu Zhenzeng , Wei Wei , Xie Yongqun , Wang Xiaodong (Alice) , Niu Min , Wei Qihua , Rao Jiuping
Published: February 2016

The hybrid composites of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Si–Al were synthesized to improve the thermostability and mechanical properties of ultra-low density fiberboard (ULDF).
Co-existence of amorphous and crystalline phases in Na-doped SrSiO3 system
Authors: Sood Kapil , Basu Suddhasatwa
Published: February 2016

Raman and DSC techniques have been used to justify the vitrification in Na-doped SrSiO3 system. The glass transition, glass melting temperatures has been reported first time using DSC/TG analysis. HRTEM has been used to visually verify the phase.
A practical approach to synthesize polyamide thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes with improved separation properties for water/wastewater treatment
Authors: Lai G. S. , Lau W. J. , Gray S. R. , Matsuura T. , Gohari R. Jamshidi , Subramanian M. N. , Lai S. O. , Ong C. S. , Ismail A. F. , Emazadah D. , Ghanbari M.
Published: February 2016

TFN membranes containing 0.05 or 0.10 w/v% surface-functionalized TNTs in a PA selective layer were synthesized for better performances in water/wastewater treatment.
Flexible macrocycles as versatile supports for catalytically active metal clusters
Authors: Ryan Jason D. , Gagnon Kevin J. , Teat Simon J. , McIntosh Ruaraidh D.
Published: February 2016

Here we present three structurally diverse clusters stabilised by the same macrocyclic polyphenol; t-butylcalix[8]arene.
Lanthanide-based luminescence biolabelling
Authors: Sy Mohamadou , Nonat Aline , Hildebrandt Niko , Charbonnière Loïc J.
Published: February 2016

Multiplexing, time-resolution, FRET…lanthanide-based biolabels reveal exceptional spectroscopic properties for bioanalytical applications.
Principles and implementations of electrolysis systems for water splitting
Authors: Xiang Chengxiang , Papadantonakis Kimberly M. , Lewis Nathan S.
Published: February 2016

Efforts to develop renewable sources of carbon-neutral fuels have brought a renewed focus to research and development of sunlight-driven water-splitting systems.
Thermal time constant: optimising the skin temperature predictive modelling in lower limb prostheses using Gaussian processes
Authors: Mathur Neha , Glesk Ivan , Buis Arjan
Published: February 2016

Elevated skin temperature at the body/device interface of lower‐limb prostheses is one of the major factors that affect tissue health. The heat dissipation in prosthetic sockets is greatly influenced by the thermal conductive properties of the hard socket and liner material employed. However, monitoring of the interface temperature at skin level in lower‐limb prosthesis is notoriously complicated. This is due to the flexible nature of the interface liners used which requires consistent positioning of sensors during donning and doffing. Predicting the residual limb temperature by monitoring the temperature between socket and liner rather than skin and liner could be an important step in alleviating complaints on increased temperature and perspiration in prosthetic sockets. To predict the residual limb temperature, a machine learning algorithm – Gaussian processes is employed, which utilizes the thermal time constant values of commonly used socket and liner materials. This Letter highlights the relevance of thermal time constant of prosthetic materials in Gaussian processes technique which would be useful in addressing the challenge of non‐invasively monitoring the residual limb skin temperature. With the introduction of thermal time constant, the model can be optimised and generalised for a given prosthetic setup, thereby making the predictions more reliable.
Exploring Symbolic Violence in the Everyday: Misrecognition, Condescension, Consent and Complicity
Authors: Thapar-Björkert Suruchi , Samelius Lotta , Sanghera Gurchathen S.
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we draw on Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of ‘misrecognition’, ‘condescension’ and ‘consent and complicity’ to demonstrate how domination and violence are reproduced in everyday interactions, social practices, institutional processes and dispositions. Importantly, this constitutes symbolic violence, which removes the victim's agency and voice. Indeed, we argue that as symbolic violence is impervious, insidious and invisible, it also simultaneously legitimises and sustains other forms of violence as well. Understanding symbolic violence together with traditional discourses of violence is important because it provides a richer insight into the ‘workings’ of violence, and provides new ways of conceptualising violence across a number of social fields and new strategies for intervention. Symbolic violence is a valuable tool for understanding contentious debates on the disclosure of violence, women leaving or staying in abusive relationships or returning to their abusers. While we focus only on violence against women, we recognise that the gendered nature of violence produces its own sets of vulnerabilities against men and marginalised groups, such as LGBT. The paper draws on empirical research conducted in Sweden in 2003. Sweden is an interesting case study because despite its progressive gender equality policies, there has been no marked decrease in violence towards women by men.
C
∗-completions and the DFR-algebra
Authors: Forger Michael , Paulino Daniel V.
Published: February 2016

The aim of this paper is to present the construction of a general family of C∗-algebras which includes, as a special case, the “quantum spacetime algebra” introduced by Doplicher, Fredenhagen, and Roberts. It is based on an extension of the notion of C∗-completion from algebras to bundles of algebras, compatible with the usual C∗-completion of the appropriate algebras of sections, combined with a novel definition for the algebra of the canonical commutation relations using Rieffel’s theory of strict deformation quantization. Taking the C∗-algebra of continuous sections vanishing at infinity, we arrive at a functor associating a C∗-algebra to any Poisson vector bundle and recover the original DFR-algebra as a particular example.
Two-phase microfluidics in electrowetting displays and its effect on optical performance
Authors: He Tao , Jin Mingliang , Eijkel Jan C. T. , Zhou Guofu , Shui Lingling
Published: February 2016

Driving microfluidic flow in micropixels by electrowetting to realize light switches and displays is of both practical and fundamental significance. The electro-optical performance related to microfluidic behavior needs to be clarified to optimize device functions. In this article, the microfluidic performance in electrowetting display devices was categorized according to the oil-water interface shape and response. The oil film movement was divided into vertically “thinning” and transversally “opening,” for which the “thinning” process was found the key factor determining the pixel switching speed rather than the “opening” process. Therefore, the breakup point and the oil film thickness were critical, which could be controlled by surface wettability and oil volume. We have also realized a new oil filling method with controllable dosing volume assisted by the microfluidic creation of microdroplets. This study could help quantitatively understand electrowetting display performance in both its theoretical and practical aspects.
Predation of pitfall-trapped rodents by the ghost bat, Macroderma gigas
Authors: Diete Rebecca L. , Dixon Kelly M. , Barden Paul A.
Published: February 2016

Pitfall trapping for wildlife research is accompanied by the risk of predation of captured animals. However, predation events are sometimes difficult to observe and not subsequently reported. We describe the first known records of predation of pitfall-trapped animals by ghost bats. We discuss these observations in the context of ghost bat hunting behaviour and the implications for pitfall trapping studies in northern Australia.
Nutrient distribution and cycling in a subtropical rainforest in New South Wales
Authors: Lambert Marcia , Turner John
Published: February 2016

Subtropical rainforests in New South Wales (NSW) are distributed on the more fertile forest soils and are nutritionally distinct from the Eucalyptus forests in the same areas. The distribution, cycling of organic matter and nutrients and nutrient use efficiency in an Australian subtropical rainforest were studied and aspects were compared with reported Eucalyptus studies. The available nutrients were greatly in excess of the stand uptake or requirement. A single undisturbed plot within a research trial in mature forest was selected for the study. At the beginning of the study, the aboveground forest biomass was ~334 t ha–1 of organic matter and, 22 years later, there was 357 t ha–1, giving a net accumulation rate of 1.03 t ha–1 year–1, and net primary productivity of 13.0–14.6 t ha–1 year–1. Litterfall and forest-floor analyses indicated a very rapid turnover of organic matter, with an estimated half-life of ~0.5 years. The quantity of nutrients in the stand was high relative to other forest types in the area, with 1109.2 kg N ha–1, 62 kg P ha–1, 1999 kg Ca ha–1, 591 kg Mg ha–1 and 901 kg K ha–1. Nutrient requirement estimated as nutrient content of the current tissue was estimated to be 107, 5.3, 99, 26 and 61 kg ha–1 year–1 for N, P, Ca, Mg and K, respectively, and uptake defined as removal from the soil was estimated to be 112, 4.7, 128, 37 and 49 kg ha–1 year–1 for the same nutrients, the difference between these being net nutrient redistribution. Nutrient use efficiency (NUE), defined as net primary productivity (NPP) per requirement (t kg–1), was calculated to be 0.12, 2.43, 0.13, 0.50 and 0.21 for N, P, Ca, Mg and K, respectively; these values were low, for example, compared with mature E. pilularis, for which NPP was 0.20, 6.5, 0.43, 1.04 and 0.52 t kg–1 for N, P, Ca, Mg and K, respectively. Using NUE defined as NPP per uptake provided comparable estimates. The rainforest represents a forest growing with basically no nutrient limitations, and, as such, is a benchmark for forest nutrient distribution, cycling and NUE.
The association between living alone and frailty in a rural Japanese population: the Nagasaki Islands study
Authors: Yamanashi Hirotomo , Shimizu Yuji , Nelson Mark , Koyamatsu Jun , Nagayoshi Mako , Kadota Koichiro , Tamai Mami , Ariyoshi Koya , Maeda Takahiro
Published: February 2016

INTRODUCTION: Demographic changes in Japan have resulted in an increased number of elderly living alone. AIM: The aim of this study was to identify if there is an association between frailty and living alone. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1602 Japanese men and women living in isolated islands. Information obtained included height, body weight, handgrip strength, and family structure; antihypertensive, hypoglycaemic, and lipid-lowering medication use; history of stroke or ischaemic heart disease, smoking history, alcohol intake, joint pain or swelling. Relevant laboratory test results were obtained from recent health check-ups. The Frailty Index for Japanese elderly, a 15-item self-report questionnaire was completed by participants and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) was administered. RESULTS: After individuals aged below 60 years old or those with missing data were excluded, data from 1224 participants were analysed. Living alone (single household family structure) was significantly associated with frailty in men (odds ratio [OR] 3.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.94?7.65), but not in women (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.72?1.63). This association in men remained statistically significant after adjustment for known risk factors for frailty. DISCUSSION: In the elderly population in rural Nagasaki, men living alone have a high risk of frailty. Screening and intervention to prevent frailty in this population is urgently needed. KEYWORDS: Frail elderly; independent living; Japan; living arrangement; risk factors; rural population
Priorities and approaches to investigating Asian youth health: perspectives of young Asian New Zealanders
Authors: Wong Agnes , Peiris-John Roshini , Sobrun-Maharaj Amritha , Ameratunga Shanthi
Published: February 2016

INTRODUCTION: The proportion of young people in New Zealand identifying with Asian ethnicities has increased considerably. Despite some prevalent health concerns, Asian youth are less likely than non-Asian peers to seek help. As preparatory research towards a more nuanced approach to service delivery and public policy, this qualitative study aimed to identify young Asian New Zealanders' perspectives on best approaches to investigate health issues of priority concern to them. METHODS: Three semi-structured focus group discussions were conducted with 15 Asian youth leaders aged 18–24 years. Using an inductive approach for thematic analysis, key themes were identified and analysed. FINDINGS: Study participants considered ethno-cultural identity, racism and challenges in integration to play significant roles influencing the health of Asian youth (especially mental health) and their access to health services. While emphasising the importance of engaging young Asians in research and service development so that their needs and aspirations are met, participants also highlighted the need for approaches that are cognisant of the cultural, contextual and intergenerational dimensions of issues involved in promoting youth participation. CONCLUSION: Research that engages Asian youth as key agents using methods that are sensitive to their cultural and sociological contexts can inform more responsive health services and public policy. This is of particular relevance in primary health care where culturally competent services can mitigate risks of unmet health needs and social isolation. KEYWORDS: Asian; minority health; New Zealand; youth
Proposals for registered nurse prescribing: perceptions and intentions of nurses working in primary health care settings
Authors: Wilkinson Jill
Published: February 2016

INTRODUCTION: In 2013, the Nursing Council of New Zealand consulted on a proposal for introduction of registered nurse (RN) prescribing at two levels (specialist and community) within the designated class of prescriber. The proposal builds on the success of the diabetes nurse specialist prescribing project and the experience of other countries where RN prescribing is well established. AIM: To describe the views and intentions of nurses who work in primary health care (PHC) settings about the two levels of RN prescribing proposed. METHODS: The study involved a self-reported survey using a non-probability sample of RNs working in PHC settings (N=305). Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed descriptively. RESULTS: The respondents were experienced nurses. Overall, 82.3% expressed interest in becoming a community nurse prescriber, and 62.6% expressed interest in the specialist prescriber level. RN prescribing was expected to improve efficiency and access to medicines for high-needs populations, clarify accountability and improve nurses' autonomy. The education requirements for the specialist level were viewed as appropriate but too onerous for many. Requirements were viewed as inadequate for the community level. Concerns were raised about funding for education and support for RN prescribing roles. DISCUSSION: Nurses were positive about the proposals and see a potential to meet significant unmet health need. Nurses are already engaged in the provision of medicines to patients and prescribing authority would ensure they are suitably qualified to engage in these tasks. A clear policy platform will be needed if the proposed levels of RN prescribing are to be successfully implemented. KEYWORDS: New Zealand; prescribing; primary health care; registered nurses
Rural health care in New Zealand: the case of Coast to Coast Health Centre, Wellsford, an early Integrated Family Health Centre
Authors: Raymont Antony , Boyd Mary-Anne , Malloy Timothy , Malloy Nancy
Published: February 2016

INTRODUCTION: Primary health care is critical, particularly in rural areas distant from secondary care services. AIM: To describe the development of Coast to Coast Health Centre (CTCHC) at Wellsford, north of Auckland, New Zealand and reflect on its achievements and ongoing challenges. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with staff and management of CTCHC and with other health service providers. Surveys of staff and a sample of enrolled patients were undertaken. Numerical data on service utilisation were obtained from the practice and from national datasets. RESULTS: The CTCHC provides a wide range of services, including after-hours care, maternity and radiology, across a network of electronically connected sites, as well as interdisciplinary training for a range of health students. General practitioner (GP) recruitment is problematic and nursing roles have been expanded. Staff report positively on the work environment. Consultation rates are higher than in comparable practices, especially consultations with nurses. Rates of hospital admission are relatively low. The development of the CTCHC was assisted by formation of a local primary health organisation (PHO) and by recognition by the local district health board (DHB). Issues with poor coordination of local services, and less service provision than is characteristic in urban areas, remain. Contracting processes with the DHB were complex and time-consuming. The merging of the local PHO into a larger PHO within the Waitemata DHB catchment inhibited progression towards more complete locality planning. DISCUSSION: A dedicated and locally controlled provider was able to generate a more than usually complete community health service for Wellsford and area. KEYWORDS: Interdisciplinary; New Zealand; primary health care; rural health services
General practice registrars' views on maternity care in general practice in New Zealand
Authors: Preston Hanna , Jaye Chrystal , Miller Dawn
Published: February 2016

INTRODUCTION: The number of general practitioners (GPs) providing maternity care in New Zealand has declined dramatically since legislative changes of the 1990s. The Ministry of Health wants GPs to provide maternity care again. AIM: To investigate New Zealand general practice registrars' perspectives on GPs' role in maternity care; specifically, whether maternity services should be provided by GPs, registrars' preparedness to provide such services, and training opportunities available or required to achieve this. METHODS: An anonymous online questionnaire was distributed to all registrars enrolled in The Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners' (RNZCGP's) General Practice Education Programme (GPEP) in 2012, via their online learning platform OWL. RESULTS: 165 of the 643 general practice registrars responded (25.7% response rate). Most (95%) believe that GPs interested and trained in maternity care should consider providing antenatal, postnatal or shared care with midwives, and 95% believe women should be able to access maternity care from their general practice. When practising as a GP, 90% would consider providing antenatal and postnatal care, 47.3% shared care, and 4.3% full pregnancy care. Professional factors including training and adequate funding were most important when considering providing maternity care as a GP. DISCUSSION: Ninety-five percent of general practice registrars who responded to our survey believe that GPs should provide some maternity services, and about 90% would consider providing maternity care in their future practice. Addressing professional issues of training, support and funding are essential if more GPs are to participate in maternity care in New Zealand. KEYWORDS: General practice; education; maternity care; New Zealand; rural health services
A regional programme to improve skin cancer management
Authors: McGeoch Graham , Sycamore Mark , Shand Brett , Simcock Jeremy
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT: In 2008, public specialist and general practice services in Canterbury were unable to manage demand for skin cancer treatment. Local clinicians decided the solution was to develop a see-and-treat skin excision clinic staffed by plastic surgeons and general practitioners (GPs), and the introduction of subsidised excisions in general practice. This paper describes the collaboration between clinicians, managers and funders and the results and quality management measures of these initiatives. ASSESSMENT OF PROBLEM: There is an increasing incidence of skin cancer. GPs in Canterbury were unable to meet increasing demand for skin cancer treatment because some lacked confidence and competence in skin cancer management. There was no public funding for primary care management of skin cancer, driving patients to fully funded secondary care services. Secondary care services were at capacity, with no coordinated programme across primary and secondary care. RESULTS: The programme has resulted in a greater number of skin cancers being treated by the public health system, a reduction in waiting times for treatment, and fewer minor skin lesions being referred to secondary care. Quality measures have been achieved and are improving steadily. Development of the programme has improved working relationships between primary and secondary care clinicians. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT: The strategy was to facilitate the working relationship between primary and secondary care and increase the capacity for skin lesion excisions in both sectors. LESSONS: Skin cancer management can be improved by a coordinated approach between primary and secondary care. KEYWORDS: Continuing medical education; general practice; minor surgical procedures; referral and consultation; skin neoplasms
Effect of greenhouse soil bio-disinfection on soil nitrate content and tomato fruit yield and quality
Authors: Marín-Guirao J. I. , Tello J. C. , Díaz M. , Boix A. , Ruiz C. A. , Camacho F.
Published: February 2016

Intensive horticultural practices in the greenhouse can cause proliferation of soil phytopathogenic organisms and pollution of groundwater from nitrate leaching. Among the different soil disinfection techniques, bio-disinfection through the addition of organic amendments (OA), with subsequent solarisation (biosolarisation) or without (biofumigation), is an efficient and economically viable alternative for the control of soil pathogens. This greenhouse experiment was conducted to initiate the process of conversion of a conventional tomato culture to organic farming. The effects of OA applied through biofumigation and biosolarisation in the first season on soil nitrate concentration and tomato fruit yield and quality were evaluated with the following treatments: control, no OA; T1, 0.3 kg m–2 of dehydrated pellets of Brassica carinata seed meal; T2, 0.8 kg m–2 of packaged and dehydrated B. oleracea var. italica; T3, T2 + 0.15 kg m–2 of dehydrated poultry manure; T4, T1 + 0.16 L m–2 of microbial cocktail. The experiment was carried out over the autumn crop cycle of two seasons (2011–12, 2012–13). Addition of OA increased soil nitrate concentration, more so with biosolarisation. Total and marketable yield of tomato and number of marketable fruits were higher in the biosolarised plots in the first crop after treatments. No effects were observed in the second crop after treatments. Except for tomato fruit firmness, quality attributes (size, soluble solids, acidity and colour) improved with some OA treatments. The supply of OA through biosolarisation is a soil disinfection technique with potential to minimise the impact of nitrate leaching and to provide improved yield and quality of tomatoes.
The reported speech evidential particle in Lamjung Yolmo
Authors: Gawne Lauren
Published: February 2016

Grammatically encoded evidentials that marks ‘reported speech’, ‘hearsay’ or ‘quotation’ are attested in languages from a variety of families, but often receive cursory description. In this paper I give a detailed account of the reported speech particlelóin Lamjung Yolmo, a Tibeto-Burman language of Nepal. This particle is used when the speaker is reporting previously communicated information. This information may be translated from another language, may be a non-verbal interaction turn or may have been an incomplete utterance. Speakers choose to use the reported speech particle in interaction, and the pragmatic effect is usually to add authority to the propositional content. Detailed description of the use of reported speech evidentials in interaction across different languages will provide a better understanding of the range of their function.
Disabled & not normal
Authors: Glintborg Chalotte
Published: February 2016

The transition from being well and fully functioning to being suddenly disabled by an acquired brain injury (ABI) and having to start a recovery process has a huge impact on a person’s life and, presumably, identity. However, research is still sparse on the psychosocial consequences of ABI, and there is a lack of identity research based on interviews with clients, i.e. exploring how clients themselves construct their situations, and recovery processes following ABI. The present study aims to fill this gap by investigating identity (re‑)construction after ABI and possible changes throughout the recovery process. The data is part of a larger mixed-method longitudinal study and focuses on narrative identity constructions. This paper draws on interviews (semi-structured) with 42 Danish adults aged 18–66 years with moderate or severe ABI. The participants were interviewed twice. The first interview was conducted while they were hospitalized and the second one-year post injury in their own homes. This article describes the key patterns of identity construction in this cohort, and explores those patterns more explicitly through the use of a single case study. It investigates re-constructions of identity through self-narratives by appeal to methods of discourse analysis, drawing especially on the concept of positioning, and placing particular focus on changes and developmental processes in these self-narratives. The narrative re-constructions point to a developmental change of identity in the course of the different phases of the recovery process, including conflicting voices from society, service providers and other adults with ABI. Results will be discussed in the light of current identity research.
Multimodal figuration of product stories
Authors: Tseng Ming-Yu
Published: February 2016

The product story, an emerging genre increasingly used in creative industries, introduces the product by means of storytelling. Unlike a typical personal narrative, which reports events, the product story, which usually includes one or more pictures showing the item for sale, uses the past as a resource to tell a story about a new product pertaining to human experience. This study uses the notion of multimodal figuration to characterize the co-presence of narrativity and visuality in product stories. The notion simultaneously refers to three key features of product stories which are co-produced by word and image: participants (i.e. product and human), the generation of plots, and emotionality. In the interactions between participants exists a tension between objectifying and animating forces. Two other phenomena result from the interconnections among the three senses or layers of multimodal figuration: crossing experience and creating empathy, in both of which metaphor plays a central role.
More than Native American narratives
Authors: Schulhoff Anastacia M.
Published: February 2016

The goal of this research is to understand how Native American storytellers challenge stereotypes and reclaim ‘authentic identities’ for themselves and their listeners with the stories that they tell. Employing qualitative methodology — thematic analysis, grounded theory, and narrative analysis — I examine one hundred and three stories featured on two affiliated websites that have recorded stories told by Native American elders, historians, storytellers, and song carriers. I find that the storytellers construct subversive narratives that challenge “the Native American” stereotypes, mythologies, and formula stories that circulate through the dominant culture. Temporal shifting, a new concept I develop in this paper, facilitates in the construction of what the storytellers believe to be an “authentic” identity. Temporal shifting, as I define it, is the past/present division in the double-consciousness of a marginalized person — it is a tool used to construct subversive stories. This research expands sociological understanding of Native Americans in general and Native American storytellers, in particular. I also introduce a new concept, temporal shifting, to the fields of critical race theory, cognitive sociology, and symbolic interactionism as an analytical device to use when looking at marginalized peoples’ narrative identities.
Between word and text in life narratives
Authors: King James R. , Stahl Norman A.
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this essay is to examine the relationships between “the oral” and “the written” in a particular application of narrative research (life rendering research). First, we examine a functional and valuing contrast between oral and written language within oral history methods. Second, we present a critical examination of the use of these linguistic predispositions as they impact life history narratives. Next, we examine a particularly close analogy between oral history and psychiatric patient write-up. Finally, the historical oral/written tension located in oral history practice is located within the frameworks of newer, media-based literacies. The tensions that these intentions create are particularly acute in power-based relationships, such as those between interviewers and informants. Therefore, the organization of the paper is a series of issues that combine to form a critical look at the use of informants’ words in the written narratives of the oral history as a form of discourse synthesis (Spivey, 1997).
The rhetoric of online support groups
Authors: Pérez-Sabater Carmen
Published: February 2016

The study draws on a diverse sample of adult users of online support groups to investigate how men and women engage in written conversations, and how these interactions are carried out in English and in Spanish contrastively. We will see to what extent female and male communicators in online support groups display similar power behaviours since some authors believe that these fora seem to provide a context where factors such as power and status are neutralised. In general, the detailed quantitative analysis suggests that women use powerless markers far more frequently than men. Therefore the findings support the contention that gender-based differences persist on the Internet, an arena which was initially believed to be free of built-in bias. On the other hand, the inter- and cross-cultural comparison indicates that the discourse practices in English include more powerless markers than those in Spanish. Interestingly, the abundant use of occurrences of formal addresses and polite forms displayed by men in Spanish may suggest that, in online support groups, men may be adopting communicative strategies traditionally associated with women’s discourse.
La entonación de las preguntas parciales en catalán
Authors: Roseano Paolo , Fernández Planas Ana Ma. , Elvira-García Wendy , Cerdà Massó Ramon , Martínez Celdrán Eugenio
Published: February 2016

This article, based on an experimental corpus of 1,020 sentences, provides a description of the intonation ofwh-questions in Central Catalan, which had not been studied in depth so far. The data show thatwh-questions display a greater variety of intonation patterns than yes/no questions. The paper argues that each intonation pattern is preferably associated with a specific pragmatic meaning (asking for information, offering information, giving an order and so far).
The role of aural recognition in L2 Spanish mood selection
Authors: Teixeira Annalisa
Published: February 2016

It is widely recognized that the development of mood selection in Spanish poses a unique challenge for English-speaking L2 learners, but the role that aural mood recognition plays in this process has yet to be fully explored (Collentine, 2010). This present study, conducted with intermediate-advanced L2 Spanish students, considers issues of aural saliency for regular and irregular present subjunctive forms, and argues that if students cannot perceive mood modeled in spoken input, the necessary frequency-driven, form-meaning connections essential for acquisition could be hindered, impacting mood production (Ellis, 2002, 2009). These exploratory results suggest a positive correlation between phonological sensitivity to the present subjunctive form and target-like mood production, especially when coupled with mood noticing strategies. The outcome of this study offers insight into L2 mood selection development and adds support to pedagogical approaches that strengthen aural mood recognition and encourage explicit strategies for mood processing.
Marcadores del discurso en francés lengua extranjera
Authors: Vázquez Veiga Nancy , Donís Pérez Belén
Published: February 2016

This paper examines the challenges posed by discourse markers (DM) for learners at secondary school level of French as a foreign language (FFL), based on a corpus of samples of written work by FFL students. The first section looks at how DM are presented and described in the textbooks and dictionaries used by secondary school teachers and learners. The next section focuses on organizational discourse markers, with an analysis of student errors in the corpus. The range of semantic possibilities explored in the case of enfin and finalement offers a good illustration of the difficulties faced by teachers and learners alike in the acquisition of DM, due to the multifunctionality of the particles and their formal similarity to the Spanish DM en fin and finalmente. The final section makes some observations regarding the effectiveness of teaching DM systematically from the earliest stages of FFL learning, based on recent work by Donís Pérez (2014).
Practicing One Health at the Department of the Interior - mini review.
Authors: Gibbs S. E. J. , Bond C. D. R. E.
Published: February 2016

Health issues affecting the wildlife, domestic animals and humans that utilize public landscapes constantly challenge the US Department of the Interior (DOI). This mini-review examines DOI efforts to elevate the importance of ecosystem and wildlife health both within its own ranks and in the One Health community.
Forest canopy ecology: what do we know about canopy species and their interactions?
Authors: Wardhaugh C. W.
Published: February 2016

Forest canopies support a large proportion of global biodiversity, undertake most terrestrial primary productivity, and are major sites for species interactions and vital ecosystem processes such as pollination, seed-dispersal, nutrient cycling and decomposition. However, due to the logistical difficulties of accessing the tree tops, this habitat is relatively poorly studied. After 35+ years of increased research effort, we now have a much greater understanding of the distribution and diversity of canopy organisms, but still lack quantitative data on the structure and function of canopy assemblages, and the ecologies of more than a small fraction of canopy species. Canopy science is moving from descriptive studies towards more functional studies using novel experimental approaches. The relative roles of bottom-up (i.e. resource availability) and top-down (i.e. predation and competition) influences have been invoked to explain various spatiotemporal patterns in species distribution and activity, including vertical stratification, diel activity, seasonality and host-specificity. The evolutionary implications of antagonistic (e.g. herbivory and predation) and mutualistic (e.g. pollination and seed-dispersal) interactions have revealed valuable insights into the structure and function of canopy communities. Descriptive studies will remain an important aspect of canopy ecological research for many years to come, particularly at small (within tree) and large (regional) spatial scales. However, future local-scale ecological studies will be increasingly dominated by examinations of species interactions and ecosystem functions (e.g. food webs and network analysis), especially with respect to threats such as climate change and deforestation.
𝑛-dimensional projective varieties with the action of an abelian group of rank 𝑛-1
Authors: Zhang De-Qi
Published: February 2016

Let

X
X

be a normal projective variety of dimension

n
≥
3

n \ge 3

admitting the action of the group

G
:=

Z

⊕
n
−
1

G := \mathbb {Z}^{\oplus n-1}

such that every non-trivial element of

G
G

is of positive entropy. We show: ‘

X
X

is not rationally connected’

⇒
\Rightarrow

‘

X
X

is

G
G

-equivariant birational to the quotient of a complex torus’

⇐⇒
\Leftarrow \Rightarrow

‘

K
X

+
D

K_X + D

is pseudo-effective for some

G
G

-periodic effective fractional divisor

D
D

’. To apply, one uses the above and the fact: ‘the Kodaira dimension

κ
(
X
)
≥
0

\kappa (X) \ge 0

’

⇒
\Rightarrow

‘

X
X

is not uniruled’

⇒
\Rightarrow

‘

X
X

is not rationally connected’. We may generalize the result to the case of solvable

G
G

.
Systematic Treatment Selection and Prescriptive Psychotherapy: An Integrative Eclectic Approach
Authors: Beutler Larry E. , Consoli Andres J. , Lane Geoffrey
Published: February 2016

Chapter 6 discusses systematic treatment selection (STS) and prescriptive psychotherapy, and covers the approach, applicability and structure, assessment and formulation, processes of change, therapy relationships, methods and techniques, and a case study example.
The Transtheoretical Approach
Authors: Prochaska James O. , Diclemente Carlo C.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 7 discusses the transtheoretical approach to psychotherapy integration, and how this approach attempts to meet the goals of preserving the valuable insights of major systems of psychotherapy, to provide practical answers to questions faced by clinicians, to bring some order to the diversity of psychotherapy as a whole, to offer a researchable alternative to a single system, and to offer a set of principles that include the crucial dimensions of psychotherapy. It then discusses the processes of change, its stages, the pros and cons of said change, and the levels of change.
Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) for Chronic Depression
Authors: McCullough James P.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 13 discusses the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) for chronic depression, and covers the integrative approach, the diagnosis of chronic depression, assessment, its applicability and structure, processes (including Structural-Perceptual psychopathology, inability to generate empathy, and gross interpersonal skill deficits), methods used (Situational Analysis (SA), the Interpersonal Discrimination Exercise (IDE), and Social Skill/Role Rehearsal Training (SS/RRT)), the therapy relationship, a case example, empirical research, and future directions.
When Children Don't Sleep Well: Therapist Guide
Authors: Durand V. Mark
Published: February 2016

This comprehensive online guide provides intervention options for a wide variety of sleep problems, including bedtime disturbances, night waking, sleep terrors, and nightmares. It also addresses sleep hygiene, bedwetting, and other sleep-related issues, and uses a modular format, starting with a thorough assessment of the child's sleep problems, and the family’s ability to intervene. Each intervention module outlines how to instruct families in selecting an intervention and carrying it out successfully. A companion guide for parents includes detailed steps for intervention, as well as recording forms for sleep and behaviour.
Worst Moments
Authors: Chrestman Kelly R. , Gilboa-Schechtman Eva , Foa Edna B.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 8 further discusses recounting and processing the memory of the trauma, with particular focus on the worst and most difficult moments of the trauma memory.
Specialty Competencies in Counseling Psychology
Authors: Fuertes Jairo N. , Spokane Arnold , Holloway Elizabeth
Published: February 2016

This online resource provides a striking balance of the rich history of the counseling specialty and a thorough articulation of the professional practice domains conducted by the counseling psychology specialist. It delivers informative examples of each foundational and functional domain of competency as well as a comprehensive discussion of the historic roots that support the specialty's leadership role in professional psychology. It successfully captures how counseling psychology interfaces and overlaps with the other psychology specialties, yet also distinguishes itself from them.