bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autopneumonektomie. Ein vergessenes Krankheitsbild
Authors: Gerhardy Hanno Julian , Weber Rene , Lux Philipp , Klein Rolf Michael , Winter Joachim
Published: August 2019

Anamnese Die 80-jährige Patientin stellte sich mit einer Arteria-carotis-Stenose links vor. Im Alter von 7 Jahren hatte sie unter Hämoptysen gelitten.

Untersuchungen und Diagnose Das EKG zeigte einen AV-Block II. Grades Typ Mobitz. Im Röntgenbild und Computertomogramm des Thorax imponierten eine Verlagerung des Mediastinums und des Herzens nach links, eine komplette Schrumpfung der linken Lunge, sowie eine Überblähung der rechten Lunge. Die Lungenfunktionsanalyse ergab eine mäßige Restriktion. Es wurde die Diagnose Autopneumonektomie gestellt.

Therapie und Verlauf Eine Schrittmacherimplantation über die linke V. cephalica und eine Endarteriektomie der Arteria carotis links wurden komplikationslos durchgeführt.

Folgerung Resultiert nach Autopneumonektomie eine Obstruktion der Atemwege aufgrund der Mediastinalverschiebung, ist eine operative Revision erforderlich. Eine Antibiotikatherapie ist bei Atemwegsinfektionen indiziert. Punktionen der V. subclavia sind kontraindiziert, da eine Fehlpunktion zu einem kompletten Pneumothorax führen kann.
Refluxdiagnostik – Stellenwert des Miktionszystourethrogramms
Authors: Beetz Rolf
Published: August 2019

Das radiologische Miktionszystourethrogramm gilt in der Kinderurologie seit Langem als Goldstandard zur Refluxprüfung. In den zurückliegenden Jahrzehnten haben sich daneben zusätzliche kontrastmittelgestützte Verfahren wie die sonografische Refluxprüfung oder die Radionuklidzystografie etabliert. Ihr Hauptindikationsgebiet liegt in der Reflux-Diagnostik nach Pyelonephritis im Säuglings- und Kindesalter. Für die Auswahl der geeigneten Methode spielen klinische Fragestellung, Verfügbarkeit, ökonomische Aspekte, personeller und zeitlicher Aufwand und das Ziel der geringstmöglichen Strahlenbelastung bei maximalem Informationsgehalt eine Rolle. Moderne Strategien streben unabhängig von der Methode der Refluxprüfung eine risikoorientierte, individuelle Indikationsstellung an.
Pharmacological prophylaxis versus pancreatic duct stenting plus pharmacological prophylaxis for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis in high risk patients: a randomized trial
Authors: Sotoudehmanesh Rasoul , Ali-Asgari Ali , Khatibian Morteza , Mohamadnejad Mehdi , Merat Shahin , Sadeghi Anahita , Keshtkar Abbas , Bagheri Mohammad , Delavari Alireza , Amani Mohammad , Vahedi Homayoon , Nasseri-Moghaddam Siavosh , Sima Alireza , Eloubeidi Mohamad A. , Malekzadeh Reza
Published: August 2019

Background Acute pancreatitis is a serious complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The aim of this noninferiority study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pancreatic duct (PD) stenting plus pharmacological prophylaxis vs. pharmacological prophylaxis alone in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) in high risk patients.

Methods In this randomized, controlled, double-blind, noninferiority trial, patients at high risk of developing PEP were randomly allocated to pharmacological prophylaxis (rectal indomethacin, sublingual isosorbide dinitrate, and intravenous hydration with Ringer’s lactate) plus PD stenting (group A) or pharmacological prophylaxis alone (group B). The rate and severity of PEP, serum amylase levels, and length of hospital stay after ERCP were assessed.

Results During 21 months, a total of 414 patients (mean age 55.5 ± 17.0 years; 60.2 % female) were enrolled (207 in each group). PEP occurred in 59 patients (14.3 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 11.1 % – 17.9 %: 26 patients [12.6 %, 95 %CI 8.6 % – 17.6 %] in group A and 33 [15.9 %, 95 %CI 11.4 % – 21.4 %] in group B). There was no significant difference between the two groups in PEP severity (P = 0.59), amylase levels after 2 hours (P = 0.31) or 24 hours (P = 0.08), and length of hospital stay (P = 0.07).

Conclusions The study failed to demonstrate noninferiority or inferiority of pharmacological prophylaxis alone compared with PD stenting plus pharmacological prophylaxis in the prevention of PEP in high risk patients.
Homeopathic Potencies May Possess an Electric Field(-like) Component: Evidence from the Use of Encapsulated Solvatochromic Dyes
Authors: Cartwright Steven J.
Published: August 2019

Background Homeopathic potencies have been shown to interact with a range of solvatochromic dyes to produce spectroscopic changes in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, the nature of the changes observed under different experimental conditions is beginning to limit the number of possible hypotheses that can be put forward regarding the fundamental identity of potencies.

Aims and Methods The present study uses β-cyclodextrins to encapsulate solvatochromic dyes of widely varying structures. The purpose of this approach is to de-couple the primary dye–potency interaction from any subsequent aggregation effects.

Results Despite large differences in molecular structure between dyes, results show that potencies affect all dyes according to the same fundamental principles. Specifically, positively and negatively solvatochromic dyes collectively respond in opposite and complementary ways to potencies in accordance with the differential stabilisation of their excited and ground electronic states. Under the conditions of encapsulation, positively solvatochromic dyes display a bathochromic shift of, on average, 0.4 nm with a 2% absorbance change, and negatively solvatochromic dyes display a hypsochromic shift of, on average, 0.2 nm with a 1% absorbance change. This behaviour is only ever seen in two situations—where solvent becomes more polar or where an electric field is applied to solutions of dyes.

Conclusions The conditions used in this and previous studies to investigate the interaction of potencies with solvatochromic dyes preclude increased polarity of solvent as being responsible for the observed effects and that an explanation in which potencies carry an electric field (or electric field-like) component is by far the more likely. From the magnitude of the spectral changes induced in the dye Brooker's merocyanine by Arsenicum 10M, an estimate of the strength of the postulated electric field of 1.16 × 107 V/m can be made, which is comparable with the potential difference across cell membranes.
Interventional Oncology for Hepatic Malignancy in Children
Authors: Koo Kevin S. H. , Lungren Matthew P. , Aguado Allison
Published: August 2019

The field of interventional radiology has become an integral contributor in the multidisciplinary oncological treatment of numerous solid tumors in the adult population, especially hepatic malignancies. With continued growth and sophistication in the field of pediatric interventional radiology, interventional oncology (IO) principles and techniques are increasingly applied to children. While primary pediatric hepatic malignancies are less frequent than in the adult population, application of these IO principles and modalities in adults is becoming more commonplace. This article reviews the increasing application of these IO principles and modalities for the treatment of primary pediatric hepatic malignancy, as well as their role in the multidisciplinary care of children afflicted with these diseases.
Delayed Cerebral Metastasis of Breast Cancer: Case Report and Molecular Review
Authors: Olijnyk Leonardo Dessesards , Morais Artur Nobrega Lima , Carvalho Rodolfo Figueiredo , Abrão Adriana , Patel Krunal , Silva Carlos Eduardo
Published: August 2019

Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent disease, and its incidence of brain metastasis (BM) varies from 5 to 30% according to the literature. We present the case of a delayed isolated cerebral metastasis in a female patient following a period of 16 years after the diagnosis and first treatment. During this time, there was no other recurrence. We also review the literature concerning central nervous system spread and the molecular subtypes of such late tumors.
Air-Drying: A Simple Method for the Preservation of Hollow Organs and Lungs to Contribute to the Teaching of Anatomy
Authors: Abumandour Mohamed Mohamed Abd El-Rahman , El-Bakery Raafat Mohamed Ahmed
Published: August 2019

The present study describes air-drying, which is an alternative method to study and teach gross anatomy to undergraduate and postgraduate students. In order to preserve the hollow organs of different animals, an air-drying pump (compressor) was used; then, the preserved specimens were expanded through the injection of foam into their lumen followed by the application of varnish on their external surface to protect them from insect damage. This method of preservation is suitable for developing countries because it is cheap to prepare, simple to perform, and can be performed at room temperature (37°-40°C) without special equipment. The produced specimens have many advantages: their normal anatomical form remains durable, very light in weight, non- toxic regarding handling, and resistant to improper handling and deterioration by fungi or bacteria, with all structures very clear. These preserved specimens last for many years without any changes.
A statistical mechanics derivation of the empirical asymptotic thermionic emission equation
Authors: Longo R. T.
Published: August 2019

This paper will obtain a physical derivation for a very useful empirical emission formula. Thermionic emission has long been understood, by the supply side limited regime, described by Richardson-Dushman’s equation and the space charge regime by Child-Langmuir’s equation. These equations adequately describe thermionic emission and provide a measure of internal parameters, such as work function, over a limited range and in special designed devices. They fail in the intermediate region between the two laws where most measurements are required, as well as in practical devices. This theory places the well known empirical emission formula on a solid physical foundation.
Simultaneous paramagnetic and persistence-luminescence in GAGG:Ce,Pr nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel for biomedical applications
Authors: Sengar Prakhar , García-Tapia Karelid , Can-Uc Bonifacio , Juárez-Moreno Karla , Contreras-López Oscar E. , Hirata Gustavo A.
Published: August 2019

Nanohybrid systems combining both persistent luminescence and magnetic property are recent breakthroughs in novel multimodal imaging and cancer therapy; however, integrating strategies at a common platform is complex. Herein, we report the synthesis of a Gd3Al5−xGaxO12:Ce3+,Pr3+ (GAGG:Ce,Pr) nanophosphor (x = 1–5) with simultaneous paramagnetic/persistence luminescence via a simple tartaric acid assisted solgel synthesis. Structural analysis revealed the formation of a pure cubic garnet crystal of GAGG:Ce,Pr, which expanded linearly upon gallium incorporation. Moreover, the novel paramagnetic/persistence luminescent material showed the formation of nanoparticles with excellent colloidal stability. Photoluminescence emission analysis showed a broad emission band in the range of λ = 500–750 nm attributed to (5d → 4f) transitions of Ce3+ and a sharp peak centered at λ = 612 nm attributed to electronic transitions (1D2 → 3H4) within Pr3+ upon blue light excitation. In particular, GAGG:Ce-Pr sample with Al:Ga ratio 1:4 yielded persistent luminescence upon blue, UV, and white light excitation at room temperature. Additionally, GAGG:Ce-Pr (x = 4) nanophosphor was paramagnetic and also showed signs of weak ferromagnetism at ambient temperature. Cellular toxicity analysis in different cell lines revealed the relatively safe nature of nanoparticles at the tested concentrations. Overall, in our preliminary analysis, GAGG:Ce-Pr (x = 4) showed the persistent optomagnetic property and low cellular toxicity for potential utilization in multimodal theranostic applications.
Observation of the magnetization metastable state in a perpendicularly magnetized nanopillar with asymmetric potential landscape
Authors: Iwakiri Shuichi , Sugimoto Satoshi , Niimi Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Kensuke , Takahashi Yukiko K. , Kasai Shinya
Published: August 2019

The effect of spin torque on magnetization is investigated in an MgO/CoFeB/W perpendicularly magnetized nanopillar with an asymmetric bistable potential landscape. While conventional pulse-current-induced magnetization switching has been implemented, a metastable switched state is observed under direct current (DC). The mean dwell time of the metastable state depends not only on the DC amplitude but also on the current direction. These results suggest that the damping spin Hall torque suppresses the magnetization fluctuation and realizes the metastable state.
Antiferromagnetic excitons in graphene nanodots
Authors: Huang Linan , Zhong Jun , Xie Jun , Sheng Weidong
Published: August 2019

Disintegration and formation of excitons in graphene nanodots are investigated within the framework of mean-field approximation to the Hubbard model. Optically active excitons are found to be disintegrated in the non-magnetic nanodots and are shown to form only when the system enters into the antiferromagnetic state. As the Hubbard parameter U/t exceeds a critical value, the nanodot is found to undergo a phase transition from the non-magnetic to an antiferromagnetic phase. Before the phase transition, both optical and quasiparticle gaps are found to be nearly independent of the interaction strength. After the phase transition, however, the quasiparticle gap is revealed to increase more rapidly than the optical gap, which eventually leads to a positive binding energy of the bright exciton in the antiferromagnetic nanodot. The understanding of this extraordinary disintegration and formation of excitons in different magnetic phases of graphene nanodots is believed to be of paramount importance for their potential optoelectronic applications.
Edge-derived magnetisms in very thin non-doped Bi2Te3 nanomesh
Authors: Kobayashi T. , Mine H. , Tokuda T. , Hashimoto Y. , Katsumoto S. , Haruyama J.
Published: August 2019

Pristine topological insulators (TIs) with no carrier doping principally suffer from a lack of magnetic ordering. We create a nanomesh structure, a honeycomblike array of hexagonal nanopores with extremely high density, on a nondoped two-dimensional (2D) thin TI (Bi2Te3). We observe antiferromagnetism (AFM) in completely hydrogen-terminated nanomeshes, while it is eliminated by ferromagnetism (FM) in completely O-terminated nanomeshes. Interplay between the AFM and FM is observed in partially O-terminated nanomeshes. As a possible origin for the observed magnetisms, Kramers doublets, which may exist around nanopore edges, for AFM and those eliminated by FM spin alignment due to O-Te coupling along pore edges are discussed based on the structure and annealing dependence of the magnetisms. The nondoped 2D nanomesh formed on a TI will lead to new avenues of research on topological magnetisms and spintronics.
Achieving non-degenerate Zn3N2 thin films by near room temperature sputtering deposition
Authors: Wang Yong , Ohsawa Takeo , Kumagai Yu , Harada Kou , Oba Fumiyasu , Ohashi Naoki
Published: August 2019

Zn3N2 thin films have been grown at different substrate temperatures by reactive magnetron sputtering in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. It is demonstrated that low temperature deposition is beneficial for producing nondegenerate Zn3N2 thin films, in stark contrast to previously reported Zn3N2 with high electron concentrations. Elevating the growth temperature will increase the carrier concentration significantly. Analyses of defect concentrations based on the defect formation energies estimated from first-principles calculations indicate that all the native defects are not responsible for the high carrier concentration, whereas unintentional oxygen-on-nitrogen (ON+) and/or hydrogen interstitial (Hi+) defects act as dominant donors in Zn3N2 thin films. Moreover, the remarkable deposition temperature dependence of the carrier concentration in Zn3N2 thin films would be attributed to the Boltzmann distribution of oxygen and/or hydrogen impurities. These results could pave a general way for controlling the carrier concentration in nominally nondoped nitride semiconductors.
Progressive amorphization of GeSbTe phase-change material under electron beam irradiation
Authors: Jiang Ting-Ting , Wang Jiang-Jing , Lu Lu , Ma Chuan-Sheng , Zhang Dan-Li , Rao Feng , Jia Chun-Lin , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2019

Fast and reversible phase transitions in chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs), in particular, Ge-Sb-Te compounds, are not only of fundamental interests but also make PCMs based random access memory a leading candidate for nonvolatile memory and neuromorphic computing devices. To RESET the memory cell, crystalline Ge-Sb-Te has to undergo phase transitions first to a liquid state and then to an amorphous state, corresponding to an abrupt change in electrical resistance. In this work, we demonstrate a progressive amorphization process in GeSb2Te4 thin films under electron beam irradiation on a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Melting is shown to be completely absent by the in situ TEM experiments. The progressive amorphization process resembles closely the cumulative crystallization process that accompanies a continuous change in electrical resistance. Our work suggests that if displacement forces can be implemented properly, it should be possible to emulate symmetric neuronal dynamics by using PCMs.
Significantly reduced thermal conductivity in
β
-(Al0.1Ga0.9)2O3/Ga2O3 superlattices
Authors: Cheng Zhe , Tanen Nicholas , Chang Celesta , Shi Jingjing , McCandless Jonathan , Muller David , Jena Debdeep , Xing Huili Grace , Graham Samuel
Published: August 2019

β-Ga2O3 has emerged as a promising candidate for electronic device applications because of its ultrawide bandgap, high breakdown electric field, and large-area affordable substrates grown from the melt. However, its thermal conductivity is at least one order of magnitude lower than that of other wide bandgap semiconductors such as SiC and GaN. Thermal dissipation in electronics made from β-Ga2O3 will be the bottleneck for real-world applications, especially for high power and high frequency devices. Similar to AlGaN/GaN interfaces, β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/Ga2O3 heterogeneous structures have been used to form a high mobility two-dimensional electron gas where joule heating is localized. The thermal properties of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/Ga2O3 are the key for heat dissipation in these devices, while they have not been studied before. This work reports the temperature dependent thermal conductivity of β-(Al0.1Ga0.9)2O3/Ga2O3 superlattices from 80 K to 480 K. Its thermal conductivity is significantly reduced (5.7 times reduction) at room temperature compared to that of bulk Ga2O3. Additionally, the thermal conductivity of bulk Ga2O3 with (010) orientation is measured and found to be consistent with literature values regardless of Sn doping. We discuss the phonon scattering mechanism in these structures by calculating their inverse thermal diffusivity. By comparing the estimated thermal boundary conductance (TBC) of β-(Al0.1Ga0.9)2O3/Ga2O3 interfaces and Ga2O3 maximum TBC, we reveal that some phonons in the superlattices transmit through several interfaces before scattering with other phonons or structural imperfections. This study is not only important for Ga2O3 electronics applications, especially for high power and high frequency applications, but also for the fundamental thermal science of phonon transport across interfaces and in superlattices.
Characterization of mechanical properties of thin-film Li-ion battery electrodes from laser excitation and measurements of zero group velocity resonances
Authors: Yao Jing , Cassler Joseph , Wheeler Dean R. , Mazzeo Brian A.
Published: August 2019

The mechanical properties of thin-film Li-ion battery electrodes are controlled by the microstructure of the constituent materials. In this work, a noncontact and nondestructive measurement of the mechanical properties of electrode films is performed by measurement of zero-group velocity (ZGV) resonances. Theoretical models are used to quantify the sensitivity of the ZGV resonances to changes in mechanical properties. The ZGV Lamb modes of a solid bilayer consisting of a thin metallic layer and a thin compliant coating layer are shown to be dependent on Young’s moduli, thicknesses, densities, and Poisson’s ratios of the layers. Experimental ZGV resonances are excited using a pulsed infrared laser and detected using a laser interferometer. Commercial-grade battery films with different coating materials, densities, and thicknesses are measured. Young’s moduli of the battery electrode layers are estimated using the combination of a theoretical model and experimental results. The effect of the calendering process on the battery materials is also investigated. Results suggest that Young’s modulus of the electrode coating increases drastically after the battery films are calendered. This technique can be used to quantitatively study the mechanical properties of Li-ion battery electrodes in order to improve overall battery performance.
Multiscale approach to electron transport dynamics
Authors: Bustamante Carlos M. , Ramírez Francisco F. , Sánchez Cristián G. , Scherlis Damián A.
Published: August 2019

Molecular simulations of transport dynamics in nanostructures usually require the implementation of open quantum boundary conditions. This can be instrumented in different frameworks including Green’s functions, absorbing potentials, or the driven Liouville von Neumann equation, among others. In any case, the application of these approaches involves the use of large electrodes that introduce a high computational demand when dealing with first-principles calculations. Here, we propose a hybrid scheme where the electrodes are described at a semiempirical, tight binding level, coupled to a molecule or device represented with density functional theory (DFT). This strategy allows us to use massive electrodes at a negligible computational cost, preserving the accuracy of the DFT method in the modeling of the transport properties, provided that the electronic structure of every lead is properly defined to behave as a conducting fermionic reservoir. We study the nature of the multiscale coupling and validate the methodology through the computation of the tunneling decay constant in polyacetylene and of quantum interference effects in an aromatic ring. The present implementation is applied both in microcanonical and grand-canonical frameworks, in the last case using the Driven Liouville von Neumann equation, discussing the advantages of one or the other. Finally, this multiscale scheme is employed to investigate the role of an electric field applied normally to transport in the conductance of polyacetylene. It is shown that the magnitude and the incidence angle of the applied field have a considerable effect on the electron flow, hence constituting an interesting tool for current control in nanocircuits.
Multiparameter toxicity screening on a chip: Effects of UV radiation and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on HaCaT cells
Authors: McCormick Scott , Smith Louise E. , Holmes Amy M. , Tong Ziqiu , Lombi Enzo , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Priest Craig
Published: August 2019

Microfluidic screening is gaining attention as an efficient method for evaluating nanomaterial toxicity. Here, we consider a multiparameter treatment where nanomaterials interact with cells in the presence of a secondary exposure (UV radiation). The microfluidic device contains channels that permit immobilization of HaCaT cells (human skin cell line), delivery of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs), and exposure to a known dose of UV radiation. The effect of single-parameter exposures (UV or TNP) was first studied as a benchmark, and then multiparameter toxicity (UV and TNP) at different concentrations was explored. The results demonstrate a concentration-dependent protective effect of TNP when exposed to UV irradiation.
Direct observation of magneto-Peltier effect in current-in-plane giant magnetoresistive spin valve
Authors: Nakayama Hiroyasu , Nakatani Tomoya , Iguchi Ryo , Seki Takeshi , Uchida Ken-ichi
Published: August 2019

We report on the direct observation of the magneto-Peltier effect in a current-in-plane giant magnetoresistive (CIP-GMR) spin valve. By means of the recently developed thermoelectric imaging technique based on lock-in thermography, we demonstrate that thermoelectric cooling and heating are generated by applying a local magnetic field to the CIP-GMR spin-valve film, confirming the different Peltier coefficients of the spin valve between the parallel and antiparallel magnetization configurations. The cooling and heating positions are found to be tuned simply by changing the magnitude of the local magnetic field. This versatile and reconfigurable thermoelectric conversion functionality may provide a thermal management method for CIP-GMR magnetic sensors.
Evolution of blood serum mineral composition during antler growth and rut as consequence of Cu supplementation in captive red deer and its effects in mature antler composition
Authors: Serrano M. P. , Cappelli J. , García A. , Gallego L. , Landete-Castillejos T.
Published: August 2019

In the present study we assessed the effects of Cu supplementation and antler growth stage on mineral composition of serum and hard antler in red deer fed a balanced diet. Correlations between minerals were analysed for serum, for antlers, and between serum versus mature antler. Blood samples were drawn at Days –36, 54, 132 and 197 of the start of antler growth (SAG). Hard antlers were cut at Day 165 from SAG. The Cu supplemented group (n = 9) was injected with 0.83 mg Cu/kg of bodyweight, whereas the control group (n = 9) was injected with a physiological saline solution, both every 42 days between Days –36 (Cu supplied after blood sampling) and 132 from SAG. Supplementation with Cu increased (P < 0.05) the contents of P and Cu in serum but did not affect the antler mineral profile. Serum contents of Mg, Na, S, B and Cu increased during the antler growth, whereas contents of K, Al and Fe decreased in the same period (P < 0.001). At Day 54 from SAG in Cu group, serum P content correlated negatively with antler Ca content whereas Zn of serum and antler correlated positively (P < 0.05). The maximum number of correlations between the mineral profile of serum and hard antler was achieved at Day 132 from SAG (3.3, 4.7 and 12.9% for Days –36, 54 and 132, respectively). In conclusion, the analysis of specific minerals in serum could be used to detect in advance some mineral deficiencies in the antler.
Are breech strike, dags and breech wrinkle genetically the same trait in crutched, uncrutched and mulesed Merino sheep?
Authors: Greeff J. C. , Karlsson L. J. E. , Schlink A. C.
Published: August 2019

Breech strike is caused by the infestation of maggots from Lucilia cuprina on the skin of susceptible sheep. Crutching and mulesing modify the potential expression of breech strike, because crutched and mulesed sheep have a lower risk of being struck than uncrutched sheep. The inheritance of and genetic correlations among breech strike from birth to hogget shearing, and dags (breech soiling) and skin wrinkles scored at yearling age were estimated in unmulesed and crutched, unmulesed and uncrutched, and in mulesed and uncrutched Merino sheep to determine whether these traits were genetically the same under these three husbandry systems. The heritability estimates of breech strike in uncrutched, crutched and mulesed sheep were very similar (0.11 ± 0.02, 0.09 ± 0.02 and 0.08 ± 0.05 respectively). Breech strike in uncrutched sheep is genetically strongly correlated with breech strike in crutched sheep (0.80 ± 0.16). The genetic correlation between breech strike in uncrutched and in mulesed sheep was high (0.98 ± 0.40), but the high standard error makes this estimate unreliable. Dags and wrinkles are genetically moderately to strongly correlated with breech strike, which confirms that they are indicator traits for breech strike. Dags in uncrutched sheep was genetically strongly correlated with dags in mulesed sheep (0.84 ± 0.11). Breech wrinkle in uncrutched and crutched sheep, and tail wrinkle in mulesed sheep were not genetically strongly correlated with each other, as the correlations varied between zero and 0.48 (±0.18). The key outcome from this study indicates that all breech strike, wrinkle and dag data in mulesed, crutched or uncrutched flocks may be used in future to estimate a breeding value directly for breech strike.
Reporters of TCR signaling identify arthritogenic T cells in murine and human autoimmune arthritis
Authors: Ashouri Judith F. , Hsu Lih-Yun , Yu Steven , Rychkov Dmitry , Chen Yiling , Cheng Debra A. , Sirota Marina , Hansen Erik , Lattanza Lisa , Zikherman Julie , Weiss Arthur
Published: August 2019

Significance

How arthritis-causing T cells trigger rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not understood since it is difficult to differentiate T cells activated by inflammation in arthritic joints from those activated through their T cell antigen receptor (TCR) by self-antigens. We developed a model to identify and study antigen-specific T cell responses in arthritis. Nur77—a specific marker of TCR signaling—was used to identify antigen-activated T cells in the SKG arthritis model and in patients with RA. Nur77 could distinguish highly arthritogenic and autoreactive T cells in SKG mice. The enhanced autoreactivity was associated with increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor signaling, likely contributing to their arthritogenicity. These data highlight a functional correlate between Nur77 expression, arthritogenic T cell populations, and heightened IL-6 sensitivity in SKG mice with translatable implications for human RA.
Charge trapping memory device based on the Ga2O3 films as trapping and blocking layer*
Authors: Bai Bing , Wang Hong , Li Yan , Hao Yunxia , Zhang Bo , Wang Boping , Wang Zihang , Yang Hongqi , Gao Qihang , Lü Chao , Zhang Qingshun , Yan Xiaobing
Published: August 2019

We present a new charge trapping memory (CTM) device with the Au/Ga2O3/SiO2/Si structure, which is fabricated by using the magnetron sputtering, high-temperature annealing, and vacuum evaporation techniques. Transmission electron microscopy diagrams show that the thickness of the SiO2 tunneling layer can be controlled by the annealing temperature. When the devices are annealed at 760 °C, the measured C–V hysteresis curves exhibit a maximum 6 V memory window under a ±13 V sweeping voltage. In addition, a slight degradation of the device voltage and capacitance indicates the robust retention properties of flat-band voltage and high/low state capacitance. These distinctive advantages are attributed to oxygen vacancies and inter-diffusion layers, which play a critical role in the charge trapping process.
Manipulating transition of a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate with a weak δ-shaped laser*
Authors: Li Bo , Jiang Xiao-Jun , Li Xiao-Lin , Hai Wen-Hua , Wang Yu-Zhu
Published: August 2019

We theoretically study the transition dynamics of a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate driven by a train of weak (δ-shaped laser pulses. We find that the atomic system can experience peculiar resonant transition even under weak optical excitations and derive the resonance condition by the perturbation method. Employing this mechanism, we propose a scheme to obtain an atomic ensemble with desired odd/even atom number and also a scheme to prepare a nonclassical state of the many-body system with fixed atom number.
The Influence of Groundwater Basin Existence Towards The Urban Development In Java
Authors: Sukmawati D P , Buchori I , Firmanasari R
Published: August 2019

Groundwater is one of natural water resource that most commonly used to support the human activity. It plays an important role in shaping both physical and non-physical urban development aspect. The different availability of groundwater supply could lead into the different development rates of each area, especially in Java. The correlation between the existence of groundwater basin (CAT) and its influence to urban development could be used as base consideration to propose the development typology. Defining development typologies and what variable could distinct the developments in CAT and non-CAT area using discriminant analysis and remote sensing approach. Furthermore, there are three stages need to observe, i.e.: identify urban-rural area delineation change, defines development rates, and the last is defining discriminate variable which have significantly different means across the urban development in CAT and Non-CAT area. The observation reveals that in order to find the correlation between CAT existence and development rate, the eight-development typology has been establish. The typology is conduct regard to the development rate that categorizes in zero growth, slow growth, moderate growth, and fast growth both in CAT and Non-CAT. While, according to the result of discriminant analysis there are six variables that could distinct the urban developments in CAT and non-CAT, i.e.: proportion of dry land farm, status area, wet-land farm, built up area, agricultural household, and road density.
School Route Mapping in Semarang
Authors: Dewi D I K , Khadiyanto P , Kurniati R , Zulhamdi
Published: August 2019

This paper aims to examines some routes for children go in to school, so the route can lead their parents to choose a travel mode for their children to go to school. The methods used in this research is GIS mapping and spatial distribution analysis. This mapping route refers to parents where parents ussually take their children to school to be dominant, even for distance the school less than 1 km. This mapping attempts to promote walking and cycling to school for children based on the concentration of the location of the student’s residence with a range of distance from the school location less than 1000 meters or more than 1000 meters. Therefore, the mapping process can help the parents to make a decision for transportation modal choice.
Spatial Distribution on the search for economic externalities acquisition in rural industry clustering: A study of emerging batik industry clusters in lagging regions of Wonosobo Regency and Purworejo Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho P
Published: August 2019

Compared to advanced countries, industrial clustering phenomena in developing countries have experienced multifaceted forms and different directions. When the former have featured robustness and predictability of cluster performance, the latter has been struggling with messy institutional support for business continuation. Cluster existence in developing countries lacks capabilities to establish economic externalities of industrial agglomeration due to poor inter-industry linkages and business cooperation. In Indonesia context, the emergence of rural industry clustering addresses intriguing explorations on its resilience in coping with the unconducive business environment. This paper is aimed at examining the experience of the emerging batik industry clusters in lagging regions in response to a variety of obstacles in physical, social, economic, and institutional aspects. By using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, the study focuses on the formation of inter-industry linkages and business cooperation in the local batik industry clusters. Spatial distribution was analyzed using GIS. The preliminary conclusion suggests that the practice of rural industry clustering has merely demonstrated a trial-and-error opportunistic behaviour rather than a well-organised business milieu. The local government intervention to cluster formation has served as a temporary solution for small-and-medium enterprises development by utilising local resources and empowering village communities. For the long-term, such action may jeopardise the management of rural economies into ineffective burdens instead of promoting cluster competitiveness better.
Spatial Assessment of Slum Area in Jepara City from Physical and Non-Physical Aspects Perspective
Authors: Sunarti  , Esariti L , Haulah L
Published: August 2019

Slums are one of the main problems in almost urban areas, especially in coastal areas such as in Jepara. However, the issue has not been handled comprehensively, but only partially, focusing on the physical aspects of slums only. One of the problems that have not been resolved in some slums is related to the environmental and social aspects of society. But so far, the assessment of slums by the government is still dominated by the physical aspect. This study aims to analyse the spatial assessment of slums area in Jepara City by combining physical and non-physical problems approach. The mixed method approach is chosen as the method used to answer the research objectives. By collecting primary data, secondary data and map overlay for locations that are still categorized as slum. The results show that the assessment of slum settlements in Jepara is still limited because it has not been analyzed related to socio-economic aspects in depth. In addition, the role of institutions or local communities is not strong enough yet to support the slum upgrading program. In essence, the government needs to re-examine the important indicators that need to be prioritized in the assessment of slums, so that the action handling can be done properly and comprehensively.
Remote sensing and GIS applications for planning of sustainable food agriculture land and agricultural commodity development in Denpasar City
Authors: Lanya I , Subadiyasa N , Sardiana K , Ratna Adi G P
Published: August 2019

Denpasar as the provincial capital of Bali still has 2225 rice fields. Denpasar Regional Spatial Plan (SP) 2011-2031, paddy fields as Green Open Space (GOS) 1563 ha. GOS is intended for the preservation of agrarian culture, the balance of urban ecosystems, and agro-ecotourism. Preservation of resources and economic improvement of the area needs to be developed a data base of sustainable food agriculture land (SFAL) planning. SFAL from the results of spatial analysis of 10 thematic maps defined as GOS, the Subak region’s spatial data base from analysis of satellite images, and subak attribute data from the results of agroecosystem land suitability classification. Information on Subak resource potential using QGIS software version 2.18.0 through join attributes. SFAL/GOS paddy fields for SP years 2031-2050 = 1064.14 ha (47.83%), for SP more than 2050 = 695.09 ha (31.25%) from 2015 paddy fields. Paddy fields in North Denpasar and East Denpasar ± 80 % as SFAL/GOS, South Denpasar and West Denpasar 0%. Land suitability for lowland rice is 100% very suitable (S1), production increase is done through efforts to improve the availability of irrigation water and phosphor fertilization. Horticultural crops 80% potentially developed, with improved drainage, water availability and fertilization.
The motivations and dynamics of Zimbabwe’s 2017 military coup
Authors: Tendi Blessing-Miles
Published: August 2019

Robert Mugabe resigned as Zimbabwe’s president in November 2017, following a military action called Operation Restore Legacy. This article examines the motivations and dynamics of Operation Restore Legacy, which it characterizes as a coup by military generals that had significant commonalities with historical coups in Africa. This characterization, which is informed by the accounts of coup participants and a reading of the literature, challenges interpretations of the coup as ‘a non-coup-coup’, ‘very Zimbabwean’, or ‘special’. The article argues that the coup was a vote of no confidence in Mugabe’s leadership, which succeeded because soldiers from Zimbabwe’s 1970s independence war subscribed to the coup’s stated ideal to restore liberation struggle principles in the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front party as well as party members who had been sidelined. Liberation war veterans held decisive army and air force command posts when the coup occurred. The article’s emphasis on liberation struggle principles as a crucial determinant of the coup’s success is a counterpoint to game theoretic approaches to coup dynamics that disregard political beliefs as a consequential factor in the realization of coups. In respect of motivations, the article advances interrelating motives and contends that the coup’s catalyst was Mugabe’s refusal to meet his generals on 13 November 2017, for vital talks on widening differences between both parties. Sealing off dialogue catalyzed the coup.
Diversity, endemism and conservation status of native Mexican woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae)
Authors: Ruiz-Sanchez Eduardo , Munguía-Lino Guadalupe , Vargas-Amado Georgina , Rodríguez Aarón
Published: August 2019

Native Mexican woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) are classified in subtribes Arthrostylidiinae, Chusqueinae and Guaduinae. They grow from sea level up to 3200 m along the main mountain ranges and occupy different vegetation types. The aims of this study were to: identify the areas with the most species diversity; detect areas of endemism; and discuss the conservation status of the native Mexican woody bamboos. We gathered presence records for 51 Mexican woody bamboo species, based on herbarium records and personal collections. Richness was analysed taking into account: Mexican political divisions; biogeographical regions and provinces; a grid cell size of 55 × 55 km; and elevation. Areas of endemism were obtained using endemicity analysis. Thirty-five of the 51 species are endemic to Mexico. Chiapas has 24 species, followed by Veracruz with 19 and Oaxaca with 16. However, Veracruz harbours the greatest number of endemics with 14 species, followed by Oaxaca with 13 and Chiapas with 11. The Veracruzan province has the highest species richness with 20 species, followed by Chiapas Highlands and Sierra Madre del Sur with 19 species each. Twenty-six of the 35 endemic species were known only from ten or fewer sites, and eight of the 26 species are considered to be Critically Endangered.
Uncovering the inflorescence evolution of Eleusininae (Cynodonteae: Chloridoideae: Poaceae)
Authors: Muchut Sebastián E , Reutemann Andrea G , Pilatti Vanesa , Uberti Manassero Nora G , Vegetti Abelardo C , Reinheimer Renata
Published: August 2019

Inflorescence forms in grasses lead to a general assumption that their evolution is random. We reconstructed the ancestral inflorescence for Poaceae subtribe Eleusininae and outlined possible evolutionary pathways to test the hypotheses of (1) non-directionality in grass inflorescence evolution and (2) an evolutionary direction from complex to simpler inflorescence architectures in this lineage. By studying early stages of inflorescence and spikelet development, we investigated ontogenetic changes that may correlate with evolutionary pathways identified. The approach presented here indicates that the current diversity of inflorescences found in Eleusininae is probably a result of two distinct evolutionary pathways. The main path involves a multi-staged course with shortening of main axis internodes first, followed by a decrease in number of primary branches and florets per spikelet. We postulate that reduced elongation of the internodes may affect the apical and axillary meristems performance, which in turn promotes a decrease in the number of primary branches and floret per spikelet. Current diversity in inflorescences of Eleusininae may be a consequence of a reductive evolution. We found that the evolutionary directionality of inflorescences in Eleusininae may be associated with developmental events that affected inflorescence morphology at early stages.
Learning in Visual Regions as Support for the Bias in Future Value-Driven Choice
Authors: Jahfari Sara , Theeuwes Jan , Knapen Tomas
Published: August 2019

Reinforcement learning can bias decision-making toward the option with the highest expected outcome. Cognitive learning theories associate this bias with the constant tracking of stimulus values and the evaluation of choice outcomes in the striatum and prefrontal cortex. Decisions however first require processing of sensory input, and to date, we know far less about the interplay between learning and perception. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study (N = 43) relates visual blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) responses to value beliefs during choice and signed prediction errors after outcomes. To understand these relationships, which co-occurred in the striatum, we sought relevance by evaluating the prediction of future value-based decisions in a separate transfer phase where learning was already established. We decoded choice outcomes with a 70% accuracy with a supervised machine learning algorithm that was given trial-by-trial BOLD from visual regions alongside more traditional motor, prefrontal, and striatal regions. Importantly, this decoding of future value-driven choice outcomes again highlighted an important role for visual activity. These results raise the intriguing possibility that the tracking of value in visual cortex is supportive for the striatal bias toward the more valued option in future choice.
Cascade of Care for Alaska Native People With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Statewide Program With High Linkage to Care
Authors: Mcmahon Brian J , Townshend-Bulson Lisa , Homan Chriss , Gounder Prabhu , Barbour Youssef , Hewitt Annette , Bruden Dana , Espera Hannah , Plotnik Julia , Gove James , Stevenson Timothy J , Luna Sarah V , Simons Brenna C
Published: August 2019

Most persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the United States are undiagnosed or linked to care. We describe a program for the management of Alaska Native patients infection utilizing a computerized registry and statewide liver clinics resulting in higher linkage to care (86%) than national estimates (~25%).