bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fostering sustainable dolphin-watching tourism in Lovina, Bali: developing destination practices to influence boatmen and tourists
Authors: Westerlaken Rodney
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the consequences of anthropogenic disturbance caused by dolphin-watching boats on the local spinner dolphin population in Lovina, Bali. It proposes recommendations for developing sustainable destination practices that influence boatmen and tourists to minimise the negative impacts of tourism activities on the dolphins.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected on boat-dolphin distances, boatmen's behaviour, dolphin behaviour, and underwater noise levels using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a hydrophone. The triple-bottom-line framework was applied to analyse the findings and propose recommendations for developing sustainable destination practices.

Findings

The study reveals a consistent breach of national and international guidelines, with boats approaching dolphins at distances well below the recommended minimum. Undesirable boatmen’s behaviours and signs of distress and avoidance in dolphins were frequently observed. The findings highlight the need for stakeholders to develop and implement sustainable practices that influence boatmen and tourists to minimise their impact on the dolphins.

Originality/value

This study provides novel insights into the anthropogenic disturbance caused by dolphin-watching boats in Lovina, Bali. It proposes actionable recommendations for developing sustainable destination practices that influence boatmen and tourists. It contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable wildlife tourism management.
How inventory flexibility affects productivity: the moderating roles of digital transformation and supply chain concentration
Authors: Zhu Xuechang , Zhao Qian , Yao Xinyan
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship between inventory flexibility, digital transformation, supply chain concentration, and productivity in the context of Chinese manufacturing enterprises.

Design/methodology/approach

Empirical analysis was conducted using data from listed Chinese manufacturing firms spanning from 2013 to 2022. The study employs a moderated model to examine how digital transformation influences the connection between inventory flexibility and productivity. Additionally, a moderated moderation model is utilized to explore the role of supply chain concentration in moderating the relationship among inventory flexibility, digital transformation, and productivity.

Findings

The study reveals a significant positive correlation between inventory flexibility and productivity, underlining the importance of flexible inventory management. Digital transformation moderates this relationship, with digital transformation enhancing the impact of inventory flexibility on productivity. Supplier and customer concentration also positively moderate this connection, suggesting a complementary relationship with digital transformation.

Practical implications

These findings offer valuable insights for managers and policymakers, emphasizing the need for a flexible approach to inventory management that considers the evolving digital landscape and supply chain dynamics.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence of the nuanced relationship between inventory flexibility, digital transformation, supply chain concentration, and productivity in Chinese manufacturing enterprises. It underscores the importance of integrating digital transformation and supply chain concentration initiatives with flexible inventory management to optimize productivity in the business landscape.
Student perceptions of post-pandemic university learning: challenges and benefits
Authors: Callaghan Sarah A. , Drysdale Maureen T.B. , Riley Ronaldo K.S. , Berisha Zana , Beavers Avery J.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate university students’ perceptions and experiences of postpandemic campus environments. Posts from a subreddit dedicated to a large, research-intensive Canadian university were analyzed to understand how students were affected by the evolving circumstances, their coping strategies and the resources that could support their flourishing in both academic and campus life.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 42 Reddit posts from 427 unique users were selected for qualitative thematic analysis. Three researchers independently analyzed the posts and developed codes representing recurring themes, categories and subcategories. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion to establish the final themes.

Findings

Six major themes emerged from the analysis: modality of learning, perceived rights, attitudes and expectations, public health safety, political nature, mental health and well-being and communication patterns. Students expressed mixed preferences for learning modalities, concerns about accommodations and perceived freedoms, apprehension about contracting future viruses and the impact of changing university policies on their mental health and well-being.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the growing understanding of university students’ experiences post-COVID-19 pandemic, specifically focusing on their return to in-person learning and their evolving relationships with the campus community. The findings highlight the importance of addressing students’ concerns and providing appropriate resources to support their mental health and well-being during major transitional periods.
How do proactive employees reduce work-family conflict? Examining the influence of flexible work arrangements
Authors: Hsu Yu-Shan , Chen Yu-Ping , Shaffer Margaret A.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

We examined who is more likely to use flexible work arrangements (FWAs) to alleviate work-family conflict (WFC) and under what conditions the use of FWAs actually reduces WFC.

Design/methodology/approach

We tested the model using survey data collected at two time points from 217 employees.

Findings

Proactive employees are more likely to use flextime to alleviate WFC (b = −0.03; 95% biased-corrected CI: [−0.12, −0.01]) and this mediation relationship is not moderated by their level of low work-to-nonwork boundary permeability. In addition, only when proactive employees have a low work-to-nonwork boundary permeability does their use of flexplace alleviate WFC (b = −0.07, 95% bias-corrected CI: [−0.1613, −0.0093]).

Originality/value

We expand our understanding of who is more likely to utilize FWAs by identifying that employees with proactive personality are more likely to use flextime and flexplace. We also advance our understanding regarding the conditions whereby FWA use helps employees reduce WFC by identifying the moderating role of work-to-nonwork boundary permeability on the relationships between both flextime and flexplace use on WFC.
Labor market institutions and employee self-reported mental health
Authors: Lyon Gregory
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The study draws on emerging research on declining employee mental health, particularly employees with low educational attainment, in human resource management (HRM) and health and tests whether labor market institutions are empirically associated with better mental health among workers from different educational backgrounds.

Design/methodology/approach

This study draws on a large national sample of part- and full-time workers and models a conditional relationship between labor market institutions and employee self-rated mental health using ordinary least squares (OLS) models with fixed effects.

Findings

The findings indicate membership in a labor market institution such as a union is positively associated with improved employee mental health, but the relationship is moderated by educational attainment. Union membership is associated with better mental health among employees with low educational attainment and appears to bring these workers up to a level of mental health that is comparable to more highly educated workers, thereby reducing mental health inequality. However, union membership has no effect on the mental health of more highly educated employees.

Originality/value

Despite the recognition that declining worker mental health presents challenges for workers, organizations and society, systematic empirical research on institutional mechanisms that may affect mental health is limited. This study draws on data of part- and full-time workers to model the relationship with a sample large enough to specify conditional models to account for heterogeneous relationships conditional on workers' educational attainment. The findings have important implications for our understanding of employee mental health, employment relations and institutional mechanisms to help workers and improve organizational performance.
The implications of Maqasid al-Shari’ah for integrated sustainability practices among businesses: a qualitative inquiry
Authors: Jaiyeoba Haruna Babatunde , Jamaludin Mohammad Aizat , Busari Saheed Abdullahi , Amuda Yusuff Jelili
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to qualitatively examine the implications of Maqasid al-Shari’ah (objectives of Islamic law) for sustainability practices among businesses. While there is a growing recognition of the importance of adopting an integrated approach to sustainability, several businesses remain focused on profit maximisation at the expense of environmental and social sustainability. As such, there is a need for more studies that emphasise sustainability practices, essentially to expose businesses to the best ways to meet the needs of today without negatively impacting future generations.

Design/methodology/approach

This research used a qualitative research design, and data were collected from Shari’ah scholars. To facilitate data collection, semi-structured interview questions were developed and used to conduct interviews with ten Shari’ah scholars in Malaysia. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data collected for this study.

Findings

The results demonstrate that there are ample justifications from a Shari’ah perspective for integrated sustainability practices. Additionally, the study reveals a need for increased awareness regarding the importance of businesses adopting a holistic approach to sustainability through the formulation and implementation of suitable sustainability strategies and ensuring compliance with social and environmental standards.

Research limitations/implications

While this study has primarily adopted a qualitative method to address the implications of Maqasid al-Shari’ah for integrated sustainability practices among businesses, the authors acknowledge that this approach may not capture the full spectrum of quantitative data that could provide a broader statistical perspective on the issue. Hence, future research could incorporate quantitative methods to complement the findings of this study.

Originality/value

This research constitutes an innovative addition to the field of corporate sustainability practices. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no prior studies have extensively explored the intricate intersection of Maqasid al-Shari’ah and integrated corporate sustainability practices as this study has done.
The role of internal marketing in employee job satisfaction, affective commitment and turnover intention in Morocco
Authors: Abbana Bennani Chaymae , Hassi Abderrahman
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The current study investigated the effect of internal marketing practices, specifically the training and rewards system, on job satisfaction, affective commitment and employee turnover intention.

Design/methodology/approach

Structural equation modeling analysis was conducted on a sample of 288 responses from employees working in different organizations and diverse industries in Morocco.

Findings

The findings revealed that internal marketing positively affected employee job satisfaction and affective commitment and negatively affected employee turnover intention.

Practical implications

The current investigation extends our understanding of the effects of internal marketing practices, especially training and rewards, on an emerging country context and contributes to the organizational behavior and management field. The results may be of interest to organizations and managers who should consider the importance of internal marketing in enhancing job satisfaction, affective commitment and decreasing employee turnover intention.

Originality/value

The current study is the first of its kind to investigate the impact of internal marketing practices on job satisfaction, affective commitment and employee turnover intention in Morocco.
Toward chipless RFID sensor for metal surface cracks detection
Authors: Wang Bo , Yuan Yifeng , Wang Ke , Cao Shengli
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Passive chipless RFID (radio frequency identification) sensors, devoid of batteries or wires for data transmission to a signal reader, demonstrate stability in severe conditions. Consequently, employing these sensors for metal crack detection ensures ease of deployment, longevity and reusability. This study aims to introduce a chipless RFID sensor design tailored for detecting metal cracks, emphasizing tag reusability and prolonged service life.

Design/methodology/approach

The passive RFID sensor is affixed to the surface of the aluminum plate under examination, positioned over the metal cracks. These cracks alter the electrical length of the sensor, thereby influencing its amplitude-frequency characteristics. Hence, the amplitude-frequency profile generated by various metal cracks can effectively ascertain the occurrence and orientation of the cracks.

Findings

Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed crack sensing tag produces different frequency amplitude changes for four directions of cracks and can recognize the crack direction. The sensor has a small size and simple structure, which makes it easy to deploy.

Originality/value

This research aims to deploy crack detection on metallic surfaces using passive chipless RFID sensors, analyze the amplitude-frequency characteristics of crack formation and distinguish cracks of varying widths and orientations. The designed sensor boasts a straightforward structural design, facilitating ease of deployment, and offers a degree of reusability.
Wellness spa hotel experience: evidence from spa hotel guests in Serbia
Authors: Dimitrovski Darko , Marinković Veljko , Djordjevic Aleksandar , Sthapit Erose
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to develop and test a model of the wellness spa hotel experience. The model proposes that experiencescape dimensions (sensory, functional, social, natural and hospitality culture) are important antecedents of guest satisfaction with a wellness spa hotel experience. The study also tests the relationship between satisfaction, wellness-induced well-being, experience co-creation and word-of-mouth (WOM).

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected in the post-pandemic period, during September–November 2022 from 567 domestic guests who had stayed in a wellness spa hotel in Serbia.

Findings

Besides the social experience scape dimension, all other dimensions of experiencescape (sensory, functional, natural and hospitality culture) were found to be positive drivers of guest satisfaction with a wellness spa hotel experience. The relationship between satisfaction, wellness-induced well-being, experience co-creation and WOM was also supported.

Originality/value

This study emphasises the role of experiencescape in concurrence with the antecedents in cultivating guest satisfaction with a wellness spa hotel experience, which further influences wellness-induced well-being, experience co-creation and WOM.
Gastronomy festivals in the development of event tourism and the current situation in Turkey
Authors: Solunoglu Ali , Orgun Emrah
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of Turkey’s gastronomy festivals within the context of event tourism by identifying and highlighting their significance.

Design/methodology/approach

International gastronomy festivals in Turkey hold significant importance within the scope of event tourism. These festivals contribute both economically and culturally by promoting Turkey’s rich and diverse culinary culture on a global scale. The importance of international gastronomy festivals in Turkey within event tourism also extends to cultural diplomacy and international promotion. These festivals enhance Turkey’s touristic image and help reach a broader audience internationally by showcasing the country’s cultural richness and hospitality. Bu baglamda bu çalisma, Türkiye’de gastronomi festivallerinin önemini ve mevcut durumunu arastirmayi ve etkinlik turizminin gelisimi kapsaminda düzenlenen etkinlikleri belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadir.

Findings

In this context, this study aims to investigate the importance and current status of gastronomy festivals in Turkey and to identify events organized within the scope of the development of event tourism.

Research limitations/implications

The study provides information about international gastronomy festivals nourished by Turkey’s rich culinary culture. However, local gastronomy festivals are not included.

Practical implications

Develop Comprehensive Marketing Strategies: Promote gastronomy festivals through targeted marketing campaigns that highlight the unique culinary experiences and cultural attractions of each region. Utilize digital platforms and social media to reach a wider audience and engage potential visitors.

Social implications

Enhance Collaboration Among Stakeholders: Foster collaboration between local governments, tourism organizations, culinary associations, and local businesses to ensure the successful planning and execution of gastronomy festivals. Encourage partnerships with international culinary institutions and chefs to enhance the prestige and appeal of these events.

Originality/value

The importance of international gastronomy festivals in Turkey within event tourism also extends to cultural diplomacy and international promotion. These festivals enhance Turkey’s touristic image and help reach a broader audience internationally by showcasing the country’s cultural richness and hospitality.
Sex, flies and flower trap: Trapping trichomes and their function in pollination
Authors: Matallana‐Puerto Carlos A. , Brito Vinicius L. G. , Kuster Vinícius C. , Oliveira Paulo E. , Cardoso João C. F.
Published: August 2024

Trapping trichomes, a common trait found in protogynous trap flowers, are thought to enable interaction with pollinators, promoting both pollen removal and fruit set. However, this hypothesis has yet to be empirically confirmed.

In this study, we experimentally tested whether trapping trichomes favour male and female functions in trap flowers. Using protogynous South American Aristolochia esperanzae trap flowers, we observed the temporal variation in both sexual functions and associated them with the wilting of the flower and trapping trichomes. Next, we described the trapping trichomes features associated with the capture, entrapment and release of pollinators. Finally, we used manipulative experiments involving trapping trichome removal to quantify their influence on pollinator entrapment, pollen removal and fruit set.

While flowers wilted after the end of the female phase, the trapping trichomes only wilted some hours after pollen presentation, promoting a delay in the exit of pollinators, so they carried pollen. Trapping trichomes features, such as a density gradient towards the interior of the tube, unidirectional orientation and epicuticular waxes, may be important in the capture and entrapment of pollinators. Trapping trichome removal decreased drastically the probability of pollinator entrapment and pollen removal, leading to no fruit set.

These results indicate that the evolution and maintenance of trapping trichomes in trap flowers probably occurred through selective pressures from both sexual functions and highlight their role in the functioning of this highly phenotypically specialized pollination system.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Not my debt: The institutional origins of Robodebt
Authors: Priergaard Jacob
Published: August 2024

Robodebt was an administratively harmful policy created by bureaucrats incrementally extending existing welfare compliance policies in Australia. This article analyses the long history that created the malign institutional state in which Robodebt was able to occur. It argues the fertile ground for this policy was laid through the historical interplay of three institutional processes: the rules of Commonwealth budget making, the fractured relationship between policy and service delivery in Australian social security, and the structure of the fraud and compliance framework of the Department of Human Services. This created a pattern of institutional change in which compliance policies were added in incremental layers over decades before Robodebt as part of an ongoing drive for savings and operational efficiency. The article concludes by arguing the recommendations of the Royal Commission, which focus on improved legal processes and oversight, are insufficient to resolve the institutional problems at the root of Robodebt.

Points for practitioners

Robodebt occurred as a result of bureaucrats incrementally extending existing welfare compliance policies, which was a standard annual practice that had been occurring for about the preceding 30 years.

The expansion of compliance programs was one of the only ways for the Department of Human Services, as the service delivery arm of social security, to meet annual demands from central agencies and politicians to cut expenditure and provide offsets for new spending.

For long‐term change, the government and the Australian Public Service will need to go further than the recommendations of the Robodebt Royal Commission by addressing the offsetting mechanisms of Commonwealth Budget processes and the structure of the social services portfolio that separates policy and service delivery.
Determining storage for pressure‐sensitive tape evidence: A long‐term study
Authors: Gross Susan T.
Published: August 2024

Tape is a type of trace evidence commonly seen in forensic science. Little to no research has been published regarding the optimal storage material for pressure‐sensitive adhesive (PSA) tape. The purpose of this project was to determine the substrate with the least amount of interference for storing PSA tape. Interferences such as difficulty removing tape from the substrate or substrate components leaching into the adhesive can affect the analysis. This was a long‐term study in which samples were stored on various substrates for nearly 10 years. Ten different tape samples were placed on eight different substrates for a total of 80 samples. The substrates included typical materials currently used for tape storage as well as other, less common materials. The tape samples were evaluated for ease of removal at various time intervals. The adhesives from each tape were analyzed at similar time intervals by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, the adhesives were analyzed by pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (PyGC‐MS), scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), and x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) at the last time interval (112 months) and compared to the adhesive tape samples from the original rolls of tape to determine if there was any adverse effect from the substrates during storage. The FedEx backing was the only substrate that had no adverse effects regarding ease of removal. The substrates that had the least effect on the adhesive for both short‐term and long‐term storage included FedEx backings, adhesive sheet backings, and polyester transparency sheets.
Evidence for transient deleterious thermal acclimation in field recapture rates of an invasive tropical species, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Malod Kevin , Bierman Anandi , Karsten Minette , Manrakhan Aruna , Weldon Christopher W. , Terblanche John S.
Published: August 2024

Knowing how environmental conditions affect performance traits in pest insects is important to improve pest management strategies. It can be informative for monitoring, but also for control programs where insects are mass‐reared, and field‐released. Here, we investigated how adult thermal acclimation in sterile Bactrocera dorsalis affects dispersal and recapture rates in the field using a mark‐release‐recapture method. We also considered how current abiotic factors may affect recapture rates and interact with thermal history. We found that acclimation at 20 or 30 °C for 4 d prior to release reduced the number of recaptures in comparison with the 25 °C control group, but with no differences between groups in the willingness to disperse upon release. However, the deleterious effects of acclimation were only detectable in the first week following release, whereafter only the recent abiotic conditions explained recapture rates. In addition, we found that recent field conditions contributed more than thermal history to explain patterns of recaptures. The two most important variables affecting the number of recaptures were the maximum temperature and the average relative humidity experienced in the 24 h preceding trapping. Our results add to the handful of studies that have considered the effect of thermal acclimation on insect field performance, but notably lend support to the deleterious acclimation hypothesis among the various hypotheses that have been proposed. Finally, this study shows that there are specific abiotic conditions (cold/hot and dry) in which recaptures will be reduced, which may therefore bias estimates of wild population size.
Beyond adult models: Tribolium castaneum larval timekeeping reveals unexpected robustness and insights into circadian clock
Authors: Benita Miriam , Menahem Ariel , Rath Animesha , Scharf Inon , Gottlieb Daphna
Published: August 2024

Circadian rhythms are self‐sustained endogenous oscillations that are found in all living organisms. In insects, circadian rhythms control a wide variety of behavioral and physiological processes, including feeding, locomotion, mating, and metabolism. While the role of circadian rhythms in adult insects is well‐understood, it is largely unexplored in larvae. This study investigates the potential for larval synchronized activity in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), a species exhibiting solitary and aggregation phases. We hypothesized that, similar to adults, larvae would exhibit a daily activity pattern governed by an endogenous circadian clock. We further predicted that the transition between the solitary and gregarious phases extends to unique temporal activity patterns. Our results revealed unique timekeeper gene expression in larvae, leading to a distinct daily rhythm characterized by nocturnal activity. Cues indicating on potential cannibalism did not change daily activity peak. However, the absence of these cues significantly reduced the proportion of rhythmic larvae and led to higher variation in peak activity, highlighting the crucial role of social interactions in shaping their rhythmicity. This study sheds light on the evolution and function of larval synchronization in group‐living insects, offering novel insights into this complex behavior.
Preparation, characterization and microencapsulation of walnut (Juglans regia L.) peptides‐zinc chelate
Authors: Zhao Sibao , Wang Lei , Liang Jingyi , Jin Feng , Wang Fengjun
Published: August 2024

In this research, a novel kind of walnut (Juglans regia L.) peptides‐zinc (Zn‐WPs) chelate was obtained using the mass ratio of the walnut peptides (WPs) to ZnSO4.7H2O of 3.5:1 at pH 8.5 and 50°C for 84 min, with the chelation rate of 84.5%. In comparison to walnut peptides (WPs), the contents of aspartic acid and glutamic acid in Zn‐WPs chelate are approximately 27%, indicating that hydrophilic amino acids predominantly bind with walnut peptides. Following chelation with zinc ions, the ultraviolet‐visible (UV) characteristic absorption peak shifted from 213 nm to 210 nm, while the average particle size of the chelate increased to 8.0 ± 0.14 µm, presenting a loose spherical structure under scanning electron microscopy. These findings suggest the formation of new substances. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed carboxyl, amino, and peptide bonds as the chelation sites of WPs and zinc. The IC50 of walnut peptides‐zinc (Zn‐WPs) chelate is 2.91 mg/mL, indicative of a favorable DPPH radical scavenging rate. Furthermore, Zn‐WPs chelate microcapsules were produced via the spray drying method, achieving an encapsulation rate of 75.67 ± 0.83% under optimal conditions. These microcapsules demonstrate robust stability across diverse environmental conditions. This study underscores the potential of Zn‐WPs and its chelate microcapsules to enhance stability and bioactivity under varying circumstances.

Practical Application

In this study, a new walnut peptide‐zinc (Zn‐WPs) chelate was prepared. The presence of zinc ions changes the structure and properties of walnut peptides and improves its stability. The production of Zn‐WPs chelate microcapsules enables Zn‐WPs to have strong in vitro stability under different pH and simulated gastrointestinal digestion conditions. These results provide novel insights for developing the walnut peptides as bioactive ingredients in functional foods.
Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal the mechanism of abundant bioactive compounds and high antioxidant activity in germinated weedy rice
Authors: Zhang Guangchen , Wang Xiuqi , Wang Yiqiao , Hua Dong , Lv Hainuo , Liu Jiarong , Zhou Dayu , He Yutang , Lu Bingxuan , Liu He , Tang Liang
Published: August 2024

Germinated brown rice has recently garnered widespread attention due to its high nutritional value. Previous research demonstrated that the bioactive components and functional properties of germinated brown rice varieties exhibit significant differences. Three germinated rice cultivars weedy rice WR04‐6 (WR) and two cultivated rice cultivars with superior eating quality, Koshihikari (YG) and Daohuaxiang (DHX), were analyzed using metabolites and transcriptome profiling. Widely targeted metabolomics results showed that 85.9% and 71.2% of differential metabolites for WR vs. YG and WR vs. DHX were enriched in WR, respectively. The substances mainly included amino acids and derivatives, carbohydrates and its derivatives, organic acids and its derivatives, and flavonoids. Higher antioxidant activity was detected in WR compared to cultivated rice in metabolome analysis. Transcriptome analyses indicated that 18 responsive genes played pivotal roles in the conversion of key metabolites. These findings will provide theoretical underpinnings for the development of rice germplasm resources and the formulation of functional germinated grain foods.
A decision support tool to analyze the properties of wheat, cocoa beans and mangoes from their NIR spectra
Authors: Parrenin Loïc , Danjou Christophe , Agard Bruno , Marchesini Giancarlo , Barbosa Flávio
Published: August 2024

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an analytical technique that offers a real advantage over laboratory analysis in the food industry due to its low operating costs, rapid analysis, and non‐destructive sampling technique. Numerous studies have shown the relevance of NIR spectra analysis for assessing certain food properties with the right calibration. This makes it useful in quality control and in the continuous monitoring of food processing. However, the NIR calibration process is difficult and time‐consuming. Analysis methods and techniques vary according to the configuration of the NIR instrument, the sample to be analyzed and the attribute that is to be predicted. This makes calibration a challenge for many manufacturers. This paper aims to provide a data‐driven methodology for developing a decision support tool based on the smart selection of NIRS wavelength to assess various food properties. The decision support tool based on the methodology has been evaluated on samples of cocoa beans, grains of wheat and mangoes. Promising results were obtained for each of the selected models for the moisture and fat content of cocoa beans (R2cv: 0.90, R2test: 0.93, RMSEP: 0.354%; R2cv: 0.73, R2test: 0.79, RMSEP: 0.913%), acidity and vitamin C content of mangoes (R2cv: 0.93, R2test: 0.97, RMSEP: 17.40%; R2cv: 0.66, R2test: 0.46, RMSEP: 0.848%), and protein content of wheat—DS2 (R2cv: 0.90, R2test:0.92, RMSEP: 0.490%) respectively. Moreover, the proposed approach allows results to be obtained that are better than benchmarks for the moisture and protein content of wheat—DS1 (R2cv: 0.90, R2test: 94, RMSEP: 0.337%; R2cv: 0.99, R2test: 0.99, RMSEP: 0.177%), respectively.

Practical Application

This research introduces a practical tool aimed at determining the quality of food by identifying specific light wavelengths. However, it is important to acknowledge potential challenges, such as overfitting. Before implementation, it is crucial for further research to address and mitigate the issues to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the solution. If successfully applied, this tool could significantly enhance the accuracy of near‐infrared spectroscopy in assessing food quality attributes. This advancement would provide invaluable support for decision‐making in industries involved in food production, ultimately leading to better overall product quality for consumers.
Assessing refrigerated preservation performance using Listeria predictive microbiology models and temperature data: Refrigerator performance indicator and time‐temperature equivalent
Authors: Gonzalez de la Garza Daniela , Martínez‐Martínez Enrique , Fernandez Villanueva Gerardo , de la Cruz Quiroz Reynaldo , Rodriguez‐Martinez Veronica , Fagotti Fabian , Welti‐Chanes Jorge , Torres J. Antonio
Published: August 2024

Time‐temperature data for queso fresco (QF) cheese varieties stored in a residential refrigerator operating at 5°C and a predictive microbiology secondary model for Listeria monocytogenes in QF were used to estimate a refrigerator performance indicator (RPI) of microbial preservation. RPI values were used to assess how compressor technology (single [SS] and variable speed [VS]), ambient temperature (21.1°C [LT] and 32.2°C [HT]), and refrigerator load (22.5 kg regular load and 39 kg higher load) affected preservation performance. All deterministic and probabilistic RPI estimations slightly exceeded the desirable 1.0 value, i.e., the variable temperatures for the QF kept in the refrigerator were worse than keeping it constantly at the temperature recommended by food safety agencies for QF. Furthermore, the mean comparison of estimates of the time‐temperature equivalent indicator previously developed by French researchers showed similar behavior to those observed for RPI. Finally, statistical analysis showed that Tambient was the factor with the highest impact on refrigerator performance because of its impact on the sample temperature increase during door openings and when exposed to ambient temperature during product use. This highlights the need to reduce the time for product temperature recovery by improving the compressor operation logic. Also important are consumer behavior changes such as a reduction in product exposure to ambient temperature and in the door opening duration and frequency.

Practical Application

This study demonstrated how a quantitative tool (RPI) can assess refrigerator preservation performance. Although the findings presented can be applied to any cold chain segment, the data used was collected for its weakest link, the domestic refrigerator. Surveys show that 77% of them operate above the recommended 4°C. The RPI methodology is ready for use by refrigerator designers to assess performance improvements possible by modifications of the compressor operation logic. Moreover, it can be integrated into smart‐hubs monitoring the frequency and duration of refrigerator door openings to inform consumers when their habits are compromising the preservation performance of the refrigerator.
The potential of using curcumin in dairy and milk‐based products—A review
Authors: Buniowska‐Olejnik Magdalena , Mykhalevych Artur , Urbański Jakub , Berthold‐Pluta Anna , Michałowska Dorota , Banach Maciej
Published: August 2024

This review examines the potential of curcumin as a technological and functional food additive in dairy and milk‐based products. The advantages of incorporating curcumin in these products include its antimicrobial properties, support for the activity of lactic acid bacteria, improvement in sensory characteristics, and shelf‐life extension. Curcumin notably enhances antioxidant activity and acts as a natural preservative in cheese, cheese‐like products, and butter. In ice cream and dairy desserts, curcumin contributes to attractive color formation and offers functional benefits such as antioxidant activity, photostability, and increased nutritional value. However, the use of turmeric extract, a common source of curcumin, presents challenges including low bioavailability, color instability, and the formation of insoluble precipitates. The application of specialized curcumin formulations with enhanced water dispersion, purity, and bioavailability can mitigate these issues, improve the product's technological properties, and ensure compliance with local regulations. This review highlights the importance of continued research and development to optimize the use of curcumin in dairy and milk‐based products, offering valuable insights for scientists and food industry professionals.
Physicochemical, thermal, and functional properties of edible red algae (Gracilaria corticata)
Authors: Ahmad Sameer , Jan Kulsum , Sahu Jatindra K. , Jan Shumaila , Chauhan Komal , Bashir Khalid
Published: August 2024

In the present research, physicochemical, functional, and antioxidant properties of Gracilaria corticata (GC) powder were evaluated. The seaweed was found rich in protein (21%) carbohydrate (53.03%) and fat (7.8%). The inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry showed among the mineral's calcium (13.987 mg/g) and magnesium (7.48 mg/g) were found to be in higher percent. Three transition peaks were observed as the samples were subjected to DSC (−5.27°C for fat, 82.25°C for carbohydrates, and 98.79°C for proteins). The CHNS analysis demonstrated sulfur content (2.23%) depicts presence of sulfate polysaccharide confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra band at 1235 cm−1. A significant increase in the swelling capacity (14.26–21 mL/g) and water holding capacity (8.21–9.09 g/g) was observed as the temperature was increased from 25 to 80°C. On the contrary, oil holding capacity decreased significantly from 3.98 to 2.11 g/g with an increase in temperature. Nowadays, the sedentary lifestyle leads to chronic disease; however, the antioxidants derived from plants provide the biochemical defense from free radical formation. The marine‐derived algal are good sources of nutrition and antioxidants, being natural sources of GC, the antioxidant activity exhibited by total phenolic content and α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl were found to be (11 mg GAE/g and 18%) inhibition, respectively. The principal phytochemicals profile was quantified by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry as catechin, coumaric acid, phloroglucinol, and luteolin.
Influence of different storage atmospheres in packaging on color stability of beef
Authors: Krell Johannes , Poveda‐Arteaga Alejandro , Weiss Jochen , Witte Franziska , Terjung Nino , Gibis Monika
Published: August 2024

The influence of storage atmosphere on the color development and myoglobin (Mb) redox state of beef was investigated. Beef samples were packaged in 6 different atmospheres including different degrees of vacuum, levels of oxygen, nitrogen, and a mixture with 20% CO2 and stored at 2°C for 14 days. Over this time, color and reflection of the packaged samples were measured. The used method allows quick, easy, and non‐invasive measurement of the packaged samples, without using time consuming chemical assays. The method could be implemented in beef production lines, with potential for automatization. The data was used to illustrate the L*a*b* values for insights regarding qualitative color changes. Quantitative color changes were analyzed by calculation of color difference ΔE2000. Additionally, the relative levels of the deoxymyoglobin (DMb), oxymyoglobin (OMb) and metmyoglobin (MMb) were calculated from reflection spectra. The most important findings are: there is a strong correlation (rsp = 0.80 to 0.99 with one exception at rsp = 0.69 (high vacuum), p ≤ 0.05) between a* values and relative OMb levels. Storage atmospheres containing high oxygen concentrations lead to an attractive meat color, but a decreased overall color and Mb stability (ΔE = 5.02 (synthetic air) and ΔE = 2.23 (high oxygen) after 14 days of storage). Vacuum packaged samples are most stable in regards of color and Mb stability (ΔE = 1.79 (high vacuum) and ΔE = 1.63 (low vacuum) after 14 days of storage), but lack in the vibrant red color desired for sale. The experiments showed that color measurement can be a fast, non‐invasive marker for meat quality.

Practical Application

In this research article, six different storage atmospheres are compared regarding their influence on color stability and color quality of beef during storage in packaging. The results suggest which atmospheres to use in various sales‐related scenarios. The method described can easily be applied in the meat industry to quickly monitor changes during storage and wet‐aging without damaging the meat or opening the meat packages.
Green microbes: Potential solutions for key sustainable development goals
Authors: Diaz‐Troya Sandra , Huertas María José
Published: August 2024

The latest assessment of progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has identified major obstacles, such as climate change, global instability and pandemics, which threaten efforts to achieve the SDGs even by 2050. Urgent action is needed, particularly to reduce poverty, hunger and climate change. In this context, microalgae are emerging as a promising solution, particularly in the context of food security and environmental sustainability. As versatile organisms, microalgae offer nutritional benefits such as high‐quality proteins and essential fatty acids, and can be cultivated in non‐arable areas, reducing competition for resources and improving the sustainability of food systems. The role of microalgae also includes other applications in aquaculture, where they serve as sustainable alternatives to animal feed, and in agriculture, where they act as biofertilizers and biostimulants. These microorganisms also play a key role in interventions on degraded land, stabilizing soils, improving hydrological function and increasing nutrient and carbon availability. Microalgae therefore support several SDGs by promoting sustainable agricultural practices and contributing to land restoration and carbon sequestration efforts. The integration of microalgae in these areas is essential to mitigate environmental impacts and improve global food security, highlighting the need for increased research and development, as well as public and political support, to exploit their full potential to advance the SDGs.
miR‐203‐3p promotes senescence of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via downregulation of Pbk
Authors: Mei Qiaojuan , Li Kexin , Tang Tianyu , Cai Siying , Liu Yu , Wang Xiaofei , Jia Yinzhao , Zhang Ling , Li Huaibiao , Song Hui , Zhai Jun , Xiang Wenpei
Published: August 2024

The senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) contributes to the development of degenerative skeletal conditions. To date, the molecular mechanism resulting in BMSC senescence has not been fully understood. In this study, we identified a small non‐coding RNA, miR‐203‐3p, the expression of which was elevated in BMSCs from aged mice. On the other hand, overexpression of miR‐203‐3p in BMSCs from young mice reduced cell growth and enhanced their senescence. Mechanistically, PDZ‐linked kinase (PBK) is predicted to be the target of miR‐203‐3p. The binding of miR‐203‐3p to Pbk mRNA could decrease its expression, which in turn inhibited the ubiquitination‐mediated degradation of p53. Furthermore, the intravitreal injection of miR‐203‐3p‐inhibitor into the bone marrow cavity of aged mice attenuated BMSC senescence and osteoporosis in aged mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that targeting miR‐203‐3p to delay BMSC senescence could be a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate age‐related osteoporosis.
Disorders of compulsivity: Deficits in arbitrating learning strategies
Authors: Ruan Zhongqiang , Liu Shilin , Liu Yu an , Yang Qiong , Peng Ziwen
Published: August 2024

While previous research has shown that compulsivity is related to an imbalance between goal‐directed and habitual learning systems, very little is known about whether this effect is due to the impairment of a single system or the impairment of the arbitration mechanism that determines which system controls behaviour at any given moment; the current study aims to address this disagreement. Nineteen alcohol use disorder, 30 obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) and 20 major depressive disorder patients and corresponding sex‐ and age‐matched controls performed two‐choice, three‐stage Markov decision‐making paradigm. Model‐based and mode‐free reinforcement learning models were used to independently fitted their behavioural data. Alcohol use disorder and OCD patients showed less model‐based strategy choice than healthy controls in task conditions where the model‐based strategy was optimal. Only OCD patients showed higher behavioural control system switching in task conditions where model‐free use was optimal. Major depressive disorder patients did not differ from the matched control in both. These findings suggest that dysfunction in arbitration control between dual systems may be the basis for diverse disorders involving compulsivity.
Investigation of heat transfer in timber boards and a simulated wall section to eliminate colonies of the west Indian drywood termite, Cryptotermes brevis (Blattodea: Kalotermitidae)
Authors: Kumar Chandan , Hassan Babar , Fitzgerald Chris
Published: August 2024

Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) (Blattodea: Kalotermitidae) is one of the most destructive drywood termites that attack moisture‐protected timber in service. Heat treatment has been studied to control these termites, but the low thermal conductivity of wood can result in prolonged treatment times and the need for high temperatures to eliminate termite colonies. The current study investigated heat transfer through a heat transfer model and experiments within solid timber boards and a representative wall section. The aim was to optimise targeted spot heat treatment as a cost‐effective method for eradicating this pest within structural elements. Through experimental work and the development of a deterministic heat transfer model, valuable insights were gained into temperature distribution within wooden structural elements. The findings revealed that proximity to the heated surface played a crucial role, with closer distances reaching equilibrium temperatures faster. The heat transfer model, validated against experimental data, accurately predicted temperature distributions within the timber. Termite survival was significantly influenced by heating time and distance from the heated surface when a wall section was heated at 60°C. The mean survival of C. brevis pseudergates kept inside wall studs varied from 30% to 96.7% depending on the distance from the heated surface after 1.5 h of heating, where the temperature ranged from 43°C to 45°C. However, after extending the heating duration to 3 h, the temperature in wall studs was elevated to 51°C, 49°C and 47°C at 22, 40 and 60 mm from the heated stud face, respectively. All C. brevis pseudergates across all distances were killed at a 3‐h duration. This research underscores the importance of understanding temperature distribution in structural wood elements and exposure times when employing heat as a spot treatment for drywood termite control.