bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computed Tomography Image Features under Denoising Algorithm for Benign and Malignant Diagnosis of Renal Parenchymal Tumor
Authors: Zhang Zhongxiao , Wang Zehua
Published: May 2022

To improve the quality of computed tomography (CT) images and provide help for benign and malignant diagnosis of renal parenchymal tumors, the independent component analysis (ICA) denoising algorithm was used. An improved ICA X‐ray CT (X‐CT) medical image denoising algorithm was proposed. ICA provided a higher signal‐to‐noise ratio for CT image denoising. Forty patients with renal tumor were selected as the observation group. The CT image performance of patients was evaluated by the denoising algorithm and compared with the wavelet transform algorithm, and the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio of the proposed algorithm was analyzed and compared. The results showed that among the 40 patients with renal tumors, 12 were renal clear cell carcinoma cases and 28 were cystic renal carcinoma cases. The accuracy of the enhanced CT image was 93.8%, and that of the CT image using the denoising algorithm was 96.3%; the difference between the two was significant (P < 0.05). The peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) of the algorithm proposed was higher than the PSNR values of CT and noisy images. The PSNR of the proposed algorithm was significantly higher than that of mean filtering. The root mean square error (RMSE) algorithm of the proposed algorithm was significantly lower than that of the mean algorithm in image data processing (P < 0.05), which showed the superiority of the proposed algorithm. Enhanced CT can be staged significantly. In conclusion, the algorithm had a significant effect on the edge contour of detailed features, and the accuracy of CT images based on intelligent calculation was significantly higher than that of conventional CT images for benign and malignant renal parenchyma tumors, which was worth promoting in clinical diagnosis.
Application of Nanofiber Material Based on Electrospinning Technology in Sports Rehabilitation of Basketball Player’s Wrist Joint
Authors: Yang Guang , Yang Haitao , Wang Meng , Sun Yangjie , Wang Miao
Published: May 2022

Wrist joint plays an indispensable role in our daily life. The injury of wrist joint has a great influence on the fine movement of the hand and upper limb. For example, you cannot do joint movements, you cannot carry things, and life is very inconvenient. It is necessary to distinguish the types of wrist disorders and take effective rehabilitation methods in time. Wrist joint has a great impact on people’s life and work, and the rehabilitation of wrist joint has become a research hotspot in rehabilitation medicine and medical engineering. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment disease in clinical practice, with a very high incidence. According to data, the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome in the general population abroad is 1%‐5%, while that in special populations is as high as 14.5% above. In order to solve the problem of rehabilitation of wrist joint, using electrospinning technology, the polymer solution is prepared into nanofiber materials with strong adsorption and good filterability under the action of high‐voltage electric field. And using some small‐sized nanofibers that are similar to organs in shape and structure, as well as their excellent degradability and biocompatibility, this material is used in the research of wrist joint movement rehabilitation. In this paper, sports rehabilitation training is carried out on the wrist joint of basketball players, and the nanofiber material is effectively combined with sports rehabilitation training. By comparing the rehabilitation of athletes who did not use nanofiber materials, the role of nanofiber materials in sports rehabilitation was studied. This article analyzes the three parts of the radial joint, the wrist joint, and the ulnar joint before and after the sports rehabilitation training for basketball players with functional impairments and compares the sports rehabilitation of the basketball players without nanofiber materials. This article analyzes the three parts of the radial joint, the wrist joint, and the ulnar joint before and after the sports rehabilitation training for basketball players with functional impairments and compares the sports rehabilitation of the basketball players without nanofiber materials.
Promotion of Intelligent Digital Computer-Aided Design to the Improvement of Rural Public Environment Design
Authors: Yan Chang
Published: May 2022

In order to optimize the rural public environment, protect and build the characteristics and integrity of the rural public environment. This paper introduces the development and research of a digital design platform based on digital computer, taking parallel robot (cross IV) as the object. The basic functional requirement of the digital integrated design platform is parallel robot. In the design stage, it mainly needs six functional modules, including conceptual design module, detailed design module, simulation design module, electromechanical coupling design module, optimization design module, and database module. Based on the analysis and summary of the digital integrated design process of parallel robot, combined with the actual functional requirements, the key technologies and solutions of the digital design platform are determined, the overall framework of the digital design platform is drawn up, and the implementation process of the platform is planned in detail. The Design personnel involved in the design process and their corresponding responsible contents, and the user authority is managed reasonably. Set the parameters of the driving arm and the driven arm. The outer diameter of the driving arm is 58 mm and the thickness is 2 mm. The outer diameter of the driven arm is 14 mm, and the thickness is 2 mm. Their length can be calculated directly according to the parameters provided in the conceptual design. According to the rules set by the software, the automatic assembly operation is carried out to obtain the whole machine model. After entering the SolidWorks motion module, the dynamic interference inspection is carried out first, and then the simulation analysis is carried out. The results show that the selection is correct when the actual model is consistent with the theoretical model. The correct selection and wide application of CAD technology in the production and construction of building decoration engineering will inevitably bring great changes in construction management and concept and become a new trend and trend for construction enterprises to enhance their competitiveness. The aforementioned computer-aided design is a broad application category. It provides a strong foundation for the design of rural public environment.
Prediction of Tensile Shear Fracture Load of Friction Stir Spot‐Welded AA2024‐T3/HCS Dissimilar Joints
Authors: Nair Vishnu G. , Jotiram Gujar Anant Kumar , Pratyush Kumar , Pant Bhasker , Ramesh D. Raja , Gopala Gupta Amara S. A. L. G. , Manjunatha L. H. , Madhavarao S. , Hailegiorgis Sintayehu Mekuria
Published: May 2022

Lightweight materials play a vital role in many industries because of their weight reduction, corrosion resistance, and formability. On the other hand, joining this alloy is a very tedious process for everyone in industries due to incompatibility in metallurgical properties. The thick intermetallic formation, porosity, and segregation of alloys in the weld are the possible causes during welding of dissimilar materials by the fusion welding process. Nowadays, these materials have been joined by solid‐state welding friction stir welding. AA2024 and high carbon steel (HCS) were used for friction stir spot welding in this investigation. Tool rotational speed, plunge rate, plunge depth, and dwell time were the major influencing process parameters. Design of experiments and response surface methodology were used to optimize the process parameters to attain maximum lap shear strength of AA2024/HCS.
An Efficient Mechanism for Deep Web Data Extraction Based on Tree-Structured Web Pattern Matching
Authors: Ahamed B. Bazeer , Yuvaraj D. , Shitharth S. , Mirza Olfat M. , Alsobhi Aisha , Yafoz Ayman
Published: May 2022

The World Wide Web comprises of huge web databases where the data are searched using web query interface. Generally, the World Wide Web maintains a set of databases to store several data records. The distinct data records are extracted by the web query interface as per the user requests. The information maintained in the web database is hidden and retrieves deep web content even in dynamic script pages. In recent days, a web page offers a huge amount of structured data and is in need of various web-related latest applications. The challenge lies in extracting complicated structured data from deep web pages. Deep web contents are generally accessed by the web queries, but extracting the structured data from the web database is a complex problem. Moreover, making use of such retrieved information in combined structures needs significant efforts. No further techniques are established to address the complexity in data extraction of deep web data from various web pages. Despite the fact that several ways for deep web data extraction are offered, very few research address template-related issues at the page level. For effective web data extraction with a large number of online pages, a unique representation of page generation using tree-based pattern matches (TBPM) is proposed. The performance of the proposed technique TBPM is compared to that of existing techniques in terms of relativity, precision, recall, and time consumption. The performance metrics such as high relativity is about 17-26% are achieved when compared to FiVaTech approach.
Varietal Screening of Durum Wheat Varieties for Resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Tan Spot) under Field Conditions
Authors: Tissaoui Salma , Hassine Marwa , Mougou-Hamdane Amira , Araar Ala Eddine Ben , Nasraoui Romdhane , Nasraoui Bouzid
Published: May 2022

Tan spot disease caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis was becoming more bred in Tunisia during the last decade. The search for resistant varieties against the increased virulence diversity of P. tritici-repentis is presently considered as a priority. Seven of the most commercialized durum wheat varieties in Tunisia (cvs. Maâli, Salim, Razzak, Monastir, Khiar, Inrat100, and Sculptur) were inoculated with five characterized fungal strains under field conditions, during two seasons. The variance analysis revealed that strains Ech8F6 and B4.8 used in inoculation are the most virulent ones. These strains hosting ToxB gene caused chlorosis symptom on the tested varieties. The other strains induced necrosis with yellow halo and host ToxA gene were less virulent. The area under disease progress curve values revealed that Maâli is the most vulnerable genotype compared to the new selected varieties Monastir and Inrat100. A variable tolerance rate of the varieties to tan spot disease was also highly visible on yield components. The losses were about 22.2% of the thousand kernel weight in Maâli variety, 35% of spikes/m2 in Inrat100 variety, 32.5% of kernel number/spike, and 25.2% of yield grain in Monastir variety. This effect evaluation of the strains harbouring ToxA and ToxB genes could be responsible for the identification of potentially susceptible genes Tsn1 and Tsc2 representing resistance sources for breeding programs.
Successful Treatment of Drug-Resistant Seizures Secondary to Ring 20 Mosaicism with Perampanel as an Add-On Antiepileptic Drug
Authors: Ling Janet , Yeung Wai Lan , Hon Kam Lun , Lo Ivan F. M. , Luk Ho-Ming , Fung Cheuk Wing , Leung Alexander K. C.
Published: May 2022

We report a girl with drug-resistant seizures, progressive behavioral changes, and cognitive decline. Investigations showed abnormal EEG with frequent high-voltage bifrontotemporal sharp and slow waves, especially during sleep. Seizures were difficult to control, despite the usage of various antiepileptic drugs. Perampanel as an add-on antiepileptic drug appeared efficacious. Due to the recognizable pattern of seizures and EEG findings, a karyotype study was performed which revealed 46 chromosomes with a ring 20 chromosome mosaicism. Ring 20 chromosome is associated with drug-resistant refractory seizures, cognitive decline, and behavioral problems. This case highlights the difficulty and challenge faced in managing drug-resistant refractory seizures associated with ring 20 chromosome. While ring 20 chromosome is often underdiagnosed, one should have a high index of awareness and suspicion of such rare epilepsy syndrome, so that an early diagnosis can be made.
Deep Learning-Based Postoperative Recovery and Nursing of Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Hui-Min , Lin Yong-Pei
Published: May 2022

Objective. To develop a deep learning-assisted recovery and nursing system after total hip arthroplasty and to conduct clinical trials in order to verify its accuracy. Methods. In our study, based on manual labeling, the human hip X-ray image library was established, and the deep neural network based on Mask R-CNN was built. The labeled medical images were used to train the model, providing reference for nursing decision after hip replacement. A total of 80 patients with hip injury from 2016 to 2019 were selected for the study. In our paper, the patients were divided into experimental group and control group. The pertinence and effectiveness of the model for postoperative care were evaluated by comparing the hip pain (VAS index), recovery (Harris score), self-care ability (Barthel index), and postoperative complication rate between the two groups. Results. The pain and complications in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group, the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05); the recovery of hip joint and self-care ability were higher than those in the control group, the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05); the other differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion. The application of deep learning method in the rapid nursing after total hip replacement can significantly improve the nursing ability. Compared with the traditional method, it has stronger pertinence, faster postoperative recovery, lower incidence of complications, and greatly improves the postoperative quality of life of patients with hip injury.
Uterine Ultrasound Doppler Hemodynamics of Magnesium Sulfate Combined with Labetalol in the Treatment of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Using Empirical Wavelet Transform Algorithm
Authors: Liu Chunjuan , Wang Fengzhen , Yin Xueyu
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to explore the hemodynamic changes of magnesium sulfate combined with labetalol in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) under Doppler uterine ultrasound based on the empirical wavelet transform (EWT) algorithm. 500 patients with PIH in the hospital were selected and randomly divided into the control group (n = 250) and the observation group (n = 250). The control group was treated with conventional magnesium sulfate; the observation group was given labetalol based on magnesium sulfate drip in the control group. The uterine artery blood flow simulation model was established based on the EWT algorithm and compared with a short-time Fourier transform (STFT). The normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of the STFT method was 0.19, and the NRMSE extracted by the EWT method was 0.13. After treatment, the blood pressure index, 24-hour urinary protein, and incidence of adverse birth outcomes in the observation group were lower than those in the control group; the effective rate of the control group (90.4%) was lower than that of the observation group (97.6%); the hemodynamic indexes of the uterine artery in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The estimation accuracy of the EWT method was higher than that of the traditional STFT method; the combined treatment of magnesium sulfate and labetalol in patients with PIH had a remarkable effect, which could control the blood pressure index and reduce the 24-hour urinary protein; the uterine artery Doppler ultrasound examination could change hemodynamics and improve the adverse outcomes of mothers and infants.
Dissemination and Genetic Relatedness of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from a Burn Hospital in Iraq
Authors: Shali Aras A. K , Jalal Paywast J , Arif Sehand K
Published: May 2022

Acinetobacter baumannii is an aggressive opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes severe nosocomial infections, especially among burn patients. An increasing number of hospitals-acquired infections have been reported all over the world. However, little attention has been paid to the relatedness between A. baumannii isolates from different hospital environments and patients. In this study, 27 isolates were collected from the Burn and Plastic Surgery Hospital of Al Sulaymaniyah City, Iraq, from January through December 2019 (11 from patients and 16 from the wards environment), identified to species level as A. baumannii using Vitek 2 system and molecular detection of 16S rRNA gene, and then confirmed by targeting the blaOXA-51 gene. Moreover, the isolates were characterized by means of automated antimicrobial susceptibility assay, antimicrobial-resistant patterns, a phenotypic method using a combined disk test, and molecular methods for the detection of class A and C

β

-lactamase genes, and finally, the genetic relatedness was classified. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 63% (17/27) of the retrieved A. baumannii isolates were extensively drug-resistant to 8/9 antimicrobial classes. Furthermore, 37% (10/27) of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant; 8 isolates exhibited similar resistant patterns and the other two isolates showed 2 different patterns, while resistance was greater in isolates from patients than from the ward environment. Combined disk test showed that two isolates contained extended-spectrum

β

-lactamase. All isolates carried blaTEM-1, and two copies of the blaCTX-1 gene were indicated in one isolate, while blaSHV was absent in all isolates. Twenty-four isolates carried the blaAmpC gene; among them, 3 isolates harbored the insertion sequence ISAba-1 upstream to the gene. Using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR, the isolates were clustered into 6 distinct types; among them, two clusters, each of four strains, were classified to contain isolates from both patients and environments. The clusters of similar genotypes were found in inpatients as well as the environments of different wards during time periods, suggesting transmission within the hospital. Identification of possible infection sources and controlling the transmission of these aggressive resistance strains should be strictly conducted.
Ultimate Bearing Capacity Analysis of Manned Submersible Based on the Genetic Algorithm Discontinuous and Galerkin Finite Element Method
Authors: Jiang Lu
Published: May 2022

The pressure hull of deep manned submersible is the most basic component to ensure its intended function. It is necessary to study the influence of initial geometric defects on the bearing capacity of pressure hull of manned submersible with different depths. According to the idea of discontinuous Galerkin finite element method, the theoretical model is constructed and the corresponding algorithm is designed, and the genetic algorithm is combined with discontinuous Galerin finite element method to establish the inverse method to obtain the ultimate bearing capacity of manned submersible. First, the discontinuous Galerkin finite element model is constructed, the inversion model is also established through combing the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method and genetic algorithm, and then the corresponding solution algorithm is designed. Moreover, then, the ultimate bearing analysis of manned submersible for different deep is carried out based on the inversion model combing discontinuous Galerkin finite element method and genetic algorithm. The effect of defect parameters on ultimate bearing capacity of manned submersible is obtained.
Transportation System Vulnerability Assessment considering Environmental Impact
Authors: Lin Juanjuan , Lin Wangbing
Published: May 2022

Transportation system has a close bearing on the prosperity of society. However, transportation infrastructures are highly vulnerable to extreme events. Therefore, identifying the most critical component of the transportation system is among the first priorities of transportation network planners and managers. This paper proposes a novel framework to identify the most vulnerable component for a road transportation system. A key characteristic of vulnerability assessment is the travelers’ response to the changes in the transportation network topology and capacity after an extreme event. Hence, the problem is formulated as a nonlinear programme with equilibrium constraints, considering travelers’ route choice behavior. In the methodology, two types of vulnerability measures are developed to assess the vulnerability of road transportation system, namely, system travel time-based vulnerability (STTV) and system emissions-based vulnerability (SEV). The former is developed on the basis of short-term planning, while the latter is put forward on the basis of long-term planning. With these vulnerability measures, the proposed framework is then demonstrated using an extended Nguyen-Dupuis network under different demand levels and different capacity degradation levels, taking into account two modes: bus and car. The results indicate that different vulnerability measures can identify similar vulnerable components. Moreover, it is shown that the SEV can find more critical components than the STTV regardless of capacity degradation or demand growth. Our research helps to create a recovery plan by assigning priority to the critical transportation infrastructures.
Effect of Beverage Consumption Frequency on DMFT Index among Iranian Adult Population: An AZAR Cohort Study
Authors: Hadilou Mahdi , Somi Mohammad Hossein , Faramarzi Elnaz , Nikniaz Leila
Published: May 2022

Background. Given the effect of oral and dental condition on emotional and physical health and the different effects of beverage consumption on decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) as one of the indicators of oral health in different populations, this study aimed to investigate the effect of beverage consumption and its frequency on DMFT among Iranian adult population. Materials and Methods. The data of this cross-sectional study were obtained from AZAR (Azerbaijan) cohort, conducted on 15,006 adults aged 35 to 70 years old in Shabestar County, Iran. Demographic and nutritional data were collected by nutritionists through the “Food Frequency Questionnaire,” and DMFT index by general practitioners trained by a dentist according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Beverages including milk, doogh, natural fruit juice, black tea, nonalcoholic beer, coffee, sugar-sweetened beverages, and artificial fruit juice were studied. Results. A total of 14,966 adults with the mean age of 49.64 ± 9.28 were enrolled. The participants’ mean DMFT value was 21.27 ± 8.95. Weekly consumption of tea and coffee beverages resulted in 13% (95% confidence interval: 3% to 22%) lower DMFT compared to daily consumption (

p
=
0.01

). However, there was no association between DMFT and other beverages. Conclusion. The higher DMFT values with the daily consumption of tea and coffee beverages showed that a part of adults’ oral health is affected by beverages; therefore, this should be considered by healthcare authorities in order to manage carries development in the communities.
Construction and Research of Constructive English Teaching Model Applying Multimodal Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Nan , Wang Hao
Published: May 2022

This article draws on previous research on constructive English teaching models and uses multimodal neural network algorithm theory and constructive English teaching as the theoretical basis, experimental research method, questionnaire survey method, and evaluation method. In this article, we propose a multimodal neural network consisting of a multiscale FCN module and an LSTM module. The network focuses on both the multiscale geometric spatial features and the numerical time-dependent features of the time series curves, and with the comprehensive knowledge of their characteristics, it can better distinguish the classes to which the series belong. A large-scale perceptual field is achieved by null convolution in the model to ensure that the training pressure does not increase significantly. A series of experiments on the UCR dataset verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the model. Simulation experiments were conducted to build the proposed constructive English teaching model based on a multimodal neural network algorithm, and a test environment was built for use case testing. The experimental results showed that the algorithm can be better applied to constructive English teaching and has better adaptability and accuracy in various scenarios. At the end of the experiment, a posttest of grammar level was conducted in two classes to test whether the constructive English teaching model based on the multimodal neural network model could help students improve their English grammar skills. The results of the data analysis showed that the mean score of the experimental class was significantly higher than that of the control class, and the experimental class showed a more significant improvement, indicating that this new constructive English teaching model was beneficial to improving students’ English grammar skills. The interaction strategy proposed under the constructive English teaching model can effectively improve the interaction between teachers and students. This positive feedback effect can provide front-line teachers with corresponding teaching references.
Pretreatment with Panaxatriol Saponin Attenuates Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress to Facilitate Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via the Regulation of Keap1/Nrf2 Activity
Authors: Yao Huan , Xie Qian , He Qingman , Zeng Lei , Long Jing , Gong Yuanyuan , Li Xueping , Li Xueping , Liu Weiwei , Xu Zhiyi , Wu Huihui , Zheng Chuan , Gao Yongxiang
Published: May 2022

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a type of severe injury to the ischemic myocardium that can occur following recovery of blood flow, and for which, there is no effective treatment. Panaxatriol saponin (PTS), a major active component of P. notoginseng, has been used clinically to treat ischemia-related encephalopathy due to its antioxidant activity, but its effect on ischemic cardiomyopathy and underlying mechanism of action is still unclear. This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of PTS against MIRI and explore the potential underlying mechanisms. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to stimulate cardiomyocytes, to mimic MIRI in vitro. Cell viability was tested using the CCK-8 method. The antioxidant activity of PTS in the H9c2 rat cardiomyocyte cell line was examined using 2

′

,7

′

-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). The levels of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), SOD2, and heme oxygenase (HO-1) were determined by Western blotting and/or immunofluorescence. The antiapoptotic effect of PTS was determined. In addition, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and mitochondrial membrane potential (

Δ
Ψ
m

) changes were assessed. Changes in Keap1/Nrf2 activation were evaluated by Western blotting analysis, molecular docking, and immunoprecipitation. An in vivo MIRI model was established in rats, and the myocardial infarct size was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Myocardial enzyme activities were determined by ELISA or biochemical analyses. Furthermore, changes in Nrf2 activation were evaluated, and the regulatory effect of PTS on cardiomyocyte apoptosis was examined using the Nrf2 blocker, ML385. The results showed that PTS ameliorated the cardiomyocyte injury induced by H2O2, characterized by increased cell viability, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and promotion of SOD1, SOD2, and HO1 expression. PTS inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. PTS also reduced mPTP opening and stabilized

Δ
Ψ
m

in H9c2 cells. Molecular docking and immunoprecipitation study revealed that PTS can disrupt Keap1/Nrf2 interaction by directly blocking the binding site of Nrf2 in the Keap1 protein. In vivo, PTS decreased the area of myocardial infarction and attenuated pathological damage in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) rats. In addition, the activities of myocardial injury markers were decreased by PTS. Finally, PTS regulated nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and ML385 blocked the therapeutic effect of PTS in vivo and in vitro. These results suggested that PTS has therapeutic potential for MIRI by targeting Keap1/Nrf2 activity.
Organizational Conservation and Flexibility in the Evolution of Birdsong and Avian Motor Control
Authors: Colquitt Bradley M.
Published: May 2022

Birds and mammals have independently evolved complex behavioral and cognitive capabilities yet have markedly different brain structures. An open question is to what extent, despite these differences in anatomy, birds and mammals have evolved similar neural solutions to complex motor control and at what level of organization these similarities might lie. Courtship song in songbirds, a learned motor skill that is similar to the fine motor skills of many mammals including human speech, provides a powerful system in which to study the links connecting the development and evolution of cells, circuits, and behavior. Until recently, obtaining cellular-resolution views of the specialized neural circuitry that subserves birdsong was impossible due to a lack of molecular tools for songbirds. However, the ongoing revolution in cellular profiling and genomics offers unprecedented opportunities for molecular analysis in organisms that lack a traditional genetic infrastructure but have tractable, well-defined behaviors. Here, I describe recent efforts to understand the evolutionary relationships between birdsong control circuitry and mammalian neocortical circuitry using new approaches to measure gene expression in single cells. These results, combined with foundational work relating avian and mammalian brains at a range of biological levels, present an emerging view that amniote pallium evolution is a story of diverse neural circuit architectures employing conserved neuronal elements within a conserved topological framework. This view suggests that one locus of pallial neural circuit evolution lies at the intersection between the gene regulatory programs that regulate regional patterning and those that specify functional identity. Modifications to this intersection may underlie the evolution of pallial motor control in birds in general and to the evolutionary and developmental relationships of these circuits to the avian pallial amygdala.
Jubileu de Ouro da Cerimônia de Formatura que não aconteceu (formandos de 1971)
Authors: Nitrini Ricardo
Published: May 2022

O Jubileu de Ouro da 54a turma da FMUSP (formandos de 1971) tem a característica de resgatar a cerimônia de formatura que não ocorreu devido ao momento político de autoritarismo da época. A homenagem aos grandes mestres, que foi impedida na ocasião, é o principal destaque deste manuscrito, que revela também como soubemos reconhecê-los e como tivemos a coragem de não aceitar interferências em nossas escolhas.
Meios de comunicação, educação e repertório
Authors: Cozzetti Giovanna Mendonça , Silva Lucas Nibbering Alves da
Published: May 2022

Os meios de comunicação estão inseridos em uma lógica de dominação e luta por hegemonia, ao mesmo tempo em que também podem contribuir à formação de repertório e emancipação conjugadas com uma educação libertadora e crítica. Nesse sentido, ressaltaremos a potência de conteúdos midiáticos tanto no sentido do reforço e da manutenção do status quo, quanto no da emancipação pela incitação crítica, combinada com estratégias educativas. Para tanto, nos valemos de casos exemplificativos obtidos por meio de pesquisa de dados secundários (como reportagens e estatísticas), bem como de análise teórica, nos valendo de autores que tratam acerca da Linguagem e principalmente de matriz marxista, bem como dos meios de comunicação, e também da Educação, para analisarmos a relação entre comunicação, educação, e a construção de repertório. Analisaremos as contradições intrínsecas, demonstrando as intersecções das iniciativas de comunicação materializadas em produtos culturais com os interesses hegemônicos e com as iniciativas educativas.
Crítica da razão desobediente: a dialética passada a limpo de Hegel a Benjamin
Authors: Sznajder André Cardoso
Published: May 2022

Pretendemos, com este trabalho, discutir os caminhos tomados pela noção de formação (Bildung) em Hegel e sua relação com a crítica do progresso feita por Benjamin. Assim, num primeiro momento, trataremos do papel do progresso e da rememoração (Erinnerung) no processo de formação (Bildung) do Espírito Absoluto, tendo em vista principalmente o desfecho da Fenomenologia do Espírito. À luz de algumas observações de Adorno sobre a questão do progresso, pensaremos nos problemas históricos da intelectualidade alemã que Hegel tomou para si. Por fim, discutiremos as críticas de Benjamin ao progresso e à combinação entre modernização e barbárie.
A ginecologia na Faculdade de Medicina e Cirurgia de São Paulo e os discursos médicos sobre a mulher (1918 – 1930)
Authors: Santos Ana Paula dos
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a constituição da ginecologia na Faculdade de Medicina e Cirurgia de São Paulo por meio da análise de 8 teses de fim de curso defendidas na clínica ginecológica entre 1918 e 1930. A partir dessa análise, que consiste numa leitura extensiva dos documentos escolhidos, pretendo evidenciar como os médicos recém-formados se preocupavam em delimitar os saberes e práticas que consideravam importantes para a área ginecológica, bem como demarcar o lugar da medicina paulista diante da medicina estrangeira. Salientarei também como esses médicos expunham e fortaleciam suas ideias acerca da atividade científica e de que forma as mulheres eram representadas em suas falas.
Deus perdoaria os artistas, mas o Estado, não: uma análise das “armadilhas da narrativa” na tensão político-jurídica entre artes e religião
Authors: Gonçalves Alice Calixto
Published: May 2022

Ao longo do presente artigo, busca-se compreender quais os termos de discordância na tensão jurídica-política entre artes e religião. Em um primeiro momento, analisa-se o paradigma prático; de que forma expressões como “teor pornográfico” e “vilipêndio a símbolos religiosos” são utilizadas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro como ferramentas para repreender manifestações artísticas no país. Em um segundo momento, questionam- se quais os parâmetros teóricos para esse debate. O texto legislativo e, consequentemente, os discursos relativos à relação entre artes e religião são construídos sob determinadas molduras narrativas. Assim, constatou-se que, para alcançar um debate produtivo, é necessário identificar os termos do desentendimento do debate e analisá-los a partir de três níveis de discordância.
Pequenas desonradas: estudo de casos de defloramento em São Paulo (1850-1870)
Authors: Murrace Thays Bueno
Published: May 2022

Este artigo procura investigar os casos de violências sexuais e, mais especificamente, os padrões idealmente concebidos acerca da moral e honra das mulheres na cidade de São Paulo durante as décadas de 1850 a 1870. A partir de recortes de jornais e processos criminais de estupro e defloramento, pretende-se comparar padrões de honra e moral femininas concebidos por diferentes agentes presentes nesses processos.
Entre a Preservação e a Destruição do Patrimônio: o caso da Mansão Matarazzo pelo jornal Folha de S.Paulo
Authors: Frias Débora Pinese
Published: May 2022

A Mansão Matarazzo, construída em 1896, na Avenida Paulista, área central de São Paulo, a mando do Conde Francisco Matarazzo, foi alvo de conflitos concernentes à preservação e destruição de seu patrimônio. A fim de compreender algumas das polêmicas advindas dessas disputas, realizou-se uma pesquisa de notícias e opiniões de leitores sobre o caso, publicadas no jornal Folha de S. Paulo. Os recortes temporais foram estabelecidos entre março e abril de 1989, por ocasião das explosões que visavam afetar a estrutura da mansão e a promulgação da resolução do Conpresp, que iniciou o processo de tombamento a nível municipal; março de 1994, momento em que a Justiça decidiu por destombar a edificação e janeiro de 1996, quando o prédio foi demolido definitivamente.
Generalizability of the EAST‐AFNET 4 Trial: Assessing Outcomes of Early Rhythm‐Control Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Dickow Jannis , Kirchhof Paulus , Van Houten Holly K. , Sangaralingham Lindsey R. , Dinshaw Leon H. W. , Friedman Paul A. , Packer Douglas L. , Noseworthy Peter A. , Yao Xiaoxi
Published: May 2022

Background

EAST‐AFNET 4 (Early Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation for Stroke Prevention Trial) demonstrated clinical benefit of early rhythm‐control therapy (ERC) in patients with new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) and concomitant cardiovascular conditions compared with current guideline‐based practice. This study aimed to evaluate the generalizability of EAST‐AFNET 4 in routine practice.

Methods and Results

Using a US administrative database, we identified 109 739 patients with newly diagnosed AF during the enrollment period of EAST‐AFNET 4. Patients were classified as either receiving ERC, using AF ablation or antiarrhythmic drug therapy, within the first year after AF diagnosis (n=27 106) or not receiving ERC (control group, n=82 633). After propensity score overlap weighting, Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare groups for the primary composite outcome of all‐cause mortality, stroke, or hospitalization with the diagnoses heart failure or myocardial infarction. Most patients (79 948 of 109 739; 72.9%) met the inclusion criteria for EAST‐AFNET 4. ERC was associated with a reduced risk for the primary composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75–0.97 [
P
=0.02]) with largely consistent results between eligible (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.76–1.04 [
P
=0.14]) or ineligible (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.60–0.98 [
P
=0.04]) patients for EAST‐AFNET 4 trial inclusion. ERC was associated with lower risk of stroke in the overall cohort and in trial‐eligible patients.

Conclusions

This analysis replicates the clinical benefit of ERC seen in EAST‐AFNET 4. The results support adoption of ERC as part of the management of recently diagnosed AF in the United States.
Patient‐ and Process‐Related Contributors to the Underuse of Aortic Valve Replacement and Subsequent Mortality in Ambulatory Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Flannery Laura , Etiwy Muhammad , Camacho Alexander , Liu Ran , Patel Nilay , Tavil‐Shatelyan Arpi , Tanguturi Varsha K. , Dal‐Bianco Jacob P. , Yucel Evin , Sakhuja Rahul , Jassar Arminder S. , Langer Nathaniel B. , Inglessis Ignacio , Passeri Jonathan J. , Hung Judy , Elmariah Sammy
Published: May 2022

Background

Many patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and an indication for aortic valve replacement (AVR) do not undergo treatment. The reasons for this have not been well studied in the transcatheter AVR era. We sought to determine how patient‐ and process‐specific factors affected AVR use in patients with severe AS.

Methods and Results

We identified ambulatory patients from 2016 to 2018 demonstrating severe AS, defined by aortic valve area

≤

1.0 cm
2
. Propensity scoring analysis with inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to evaluate associations between predictors and the odds of undergoing AVR at 365 days and subsequent mortality at 730 days. Of 324 patients with an indication for AVR (79.3±9.7 years, 57.4% men), 140 patients (43.2%) did not undergo AVR. The odds of AVR were reduced in patients aged >90 years (odds ratio [OR], 0.24 [95% CI, 0.08–0.69];
P
=0.01), greater comorbid conditions (OR, 0.88 per 1‐point increase in Combined Comorbidity Index [95% CI, 0.79–0.97];
P
=0.01), low‐flow, low‐gradient AS with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (OR, 0.11 [95% CI, 0.06–0.21]), and low‐gradient AS with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (OR, 0.18 [95% CI, 0.08–0.40]) and were increased if the transthoracic echocardiogram ordering provider was a cardiologist (OR, 2.46 [95% CI, 1.38–4.38]). Patients who underwent AVR gained an average of 85.8 days of life (95% CI, 40.9–130.6) at 730 days.

Conclusions

The proportion of ambulatory patients with severe AS and an indication for AVR who do not receive AVR remains significant. Efforts are needed to maximize the recognition of severe AS, especially low‐gradient subtypes, and to encourage patient referral to multidisciplinary heart valve teams.
Temporal Changes of Stable High‐Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Levels and Prognosis
Authors: Roos Andreas , Edgren Gustaf , Holzmann Martin J.
Published: May 2022

Background

The prognostic implications of temporal change of previously stable high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin concentrations are unknown. We investigated the prognosis associated with temporal changes of stable high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) concentrations.

Methods and Results

All patients presenting with cardiac symptoms and ≥2 hs‐cTnT measurements at the time of their first visit to 7 different emergency departments in Sweden between December 9, 2009, and December 31, 2016, were identified (n=66 159). We included all patients with stable hs‐cTnT but no acute coronary syndrome diagnosis who had ≥1 hs‐cTnT measured also at a second visit >30 days from the first visit. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated for all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular events according to temporal change of hs‐cTnT between the visits, using patients without myocardial injury (<15 ng/L) at the first visit and persistently stable hs‐cTnT at the second visit as the reference. Altogether, 12 869 patients were included, of whom 5191 (40%) had myocardial injury (hs‐cTnT ≥15 ng/L). During a median follow‐up of 2.3 (interquartile range, 1.4–3.7) years, 3271 (25%) patients died. In patients with myocardial injury and a temporal increase in hs‐cTnT, the adjusted all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality was 4‐ and 5‐fold elevated (HR, 4.21; 95% CI, 3.55–5.00; and HR, 5.08; 95% CI, 3.73–6.92), and the adjusted risk of heart failure hospitalization almost 3‐fold (HR, 2.77; 95% CI, 2.26–3.39).

Conclusions

Temporal change of previously stable hs‐cTnT is associated with the risk of death and cardiovascular outcomes, with highest risks observed in patients with myocardial injury and increasing hs‐cTnT.
Impact of Fontan Fenestration on Long‐Term Outcomes: A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis
Authors: Daley Michael , Buratto Edward , King Gregory , Grigg Leeanne , Iyengar Ajay , Alphonso Nelson , Bullock Andrew , Celermajer David S. , Ayer Julian , Robertson Terry , d’Udekem Yves , Konstantinov Igor E.
Published: May 2022

Background

The long‐term impact of fenestration at the time of Fontan operation remains unclear. We aimed to review the early and long‐term impact of Fontan fenestration in the Australia and New Zealand cohort.

Methods and Results

We reviewed 1443 patients (621 fenestrated, 822 nonfenestrated) from the Australia and New Zealand Fontan registry. Data were collected on preoperative demographics, operative details, and follow‐up. Propensity‐score matching was performed to account for the various preoperative and operative differences and risk factors. Primary outcomes were survival and freedom from failure. Median follow‐up was 10.6 years. After propensity‐score matching (407 matched pairs), there was no difference in survival (87% versus 90% at 20 years;
P
=0.16) or freedom from failure (73% versus 80% at 20 years;
P
=0.10) between patients with and without fenestration, respectively. Although patients with fenestration had longer bypass and cross‐clamp times (
P
<0.001), there was no difference in hospital length of stay or prolonged pleural effusions (
P
=0.80 and
P
=0.46, respectively). Freedom from systemic and Fontan circuit thromboembolism was higher in the nonfenestrated group (89%; 95% CI, 88%–95%) than the fenestrated group (84%; 95% CI, 77%–89%;
P
=0.03). There was no difference in incidence of plastic bronchitis, protein‐losing enteropathy, New York Heart Association Class III/IV symptoms, or Fontan takedown.

Conclusions

In the propensity score–matched analysis we have demonstrated no difference in long‐term survival or freedom from Fontan failure in patients with and without fenestration. There was a higher incidence of long‐term thromboembolic events in patients with fenestration. Overall, it appears that fenestration in Fontan circulation does not bring long‐term benefits.
Clinical and Angiographic Imaging Features of Isolated Cortical Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Amuluru Krishna , Al‐Mufti Fawaz , Sahlein Daniel H. , Denardo Andrew , Scott John , Hayrynen Annaliise , Payner Troy , Kulwin Charles , Romero Charles E.
Published: May 2022

Background

Cerebral venous thrombosis usually presents as dural sinus thrombosis. More rarely, it occurs in an isolated form (isolated cortical vein thrombosis; ICoVT). ICoVT is poorly recognized and underdiagnosed, and noninvasive imaging remains nebulous. The digital subtraction angiographic (DSA) patterns of ICoVT are neither well known nor documented. We present clinical and imaging details of the largest series of ICoVT, with all cases demonstrating both noninvasive imaging findings, along with angiographic confirmation. We propose a preliminary compilation of the DSA patterns of ICoVT.

Methods

We identified all patients with cerebral venous thrombosis at our institution between January 2013 and June 2019. Only patients in whom ICoVT was diagnosed and/or suspected with computed tomographic venography and/or magnetic resonance imaging/MR venogram with subsequent DSA confirmation were included. DSA imaging was reviewed for direct and indirect signs. Clinical data, outcomes, and follow‐up imaging were analyzed.

Results

We identified 109 patients with cerebral venous thrombosis; in 21 patients ICoVT was suspected on noninvasive imaging and eventually had DSA confirmation. Headache and focal neurological deficit were the most common presentations (each 67%). Ten patients (47%) presented with parenchymal changes due to ICoVT and 15 patients (71%) presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. We identified 5 DSA patterns of ICoVT (3 direct; 2 indirect). Filling defects in cortical veins and the regional absence of cortical veins and decreased subcortical opacification were the most common patterns (52% and 90%, respectively). Sixteen patients (76%) were anticoagulated. Eighteen patients were discharged without disability or minor disability (84%). No deaths occurred.

Conclusions

Catheter angiography/venography may be important in diagnosing ICoVT, especially when magnetic resonance imaging/MR venogram is unclear. The angiographic patterns of ICoVT are presented.