bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution and Development Prospects of Information System Design Methodologies
Authors: Onokoy Lyudmila , Lavendels Jurijs
Published: June 2018

The article investigates different approaches to the design of information systems. Much attention is paid to comparative analysis of criteria for selecting methodologies for software development, and also to not well-known methodology of DevOps (Development & Operation) [1], [2], which aims at consolidation of software developers (Development) and IT professionals’ (Operation) efforts, and automation of implementation process. In conclusion, based on the retrospective analysis and practical experience, the authors formulate regularities and prospects of information systems design methodology development.
Modelling of Measurement Error for Vibrational Displacement Based on the Blurring Analysis of a Round Mark Image
Authors: Grigoriev Alexey , Danilova Evgeniya , Trusov Vasiliy , Miheev Michail , Uhanova Marina
Published: June 2018

With the aim to compare methods for counting the number of lines of a raster matrix, intersecting a round mark image, and a number of pixels belonging to this image for measuring its radius, a numerical simulation is carried out in the present article. It is proved that the application of the method for counting the number of pixels belonging to the image of the round mark allows obtaining more than 30 times gain in the accuracy of this image radius measurement using the same equipment. The formulas proposed in the article are used for software implementation of non-contact vibration measurement systems.
Modernisation of Endoscopic Equipment Using 3D Indicators
Authors: Roganov Vladimir , Miheev Michail , Roganova Elvira , Grintsova Olga , Lavendels Jurijs
Published: June 2018

The development of new software to improve the operation of modernised and developed technological facilities in different sectors of the national economy requires a systematic approach. For example, the use of video recording systems obtained during operations with the use of endoscopic equipment allows monitoring the work of doctors. Minor change of the used software allows using additionally processed video fragments for creation of training complexes. The authors of the present article took part in the development of many educational software and hardware systems. The first such system was the “Contact” system, developed in the eighties of the last century at Riga Polytechnic Institute. Later on, car simulators, air plan simulators, walking excavator simulators and the optical software-hardware training system “Three-Dimensional Medical Atlas” were developed. Analysis of various simulators and training systems showed that the computers used in them could not by themselves be a learning system. When creating a learning system, many factors must be considered so that the student does not receive false skills. The goal of the study is to analyse the training systems created for the professional training of medical personnel working with endoscopic equipment, in particular, with equipment equipped with 3D indicators.
The influence of dietary replacement of soybean meal with high-tannin faba beans on gut-bone axis and metabolic response in broiler chickens
Authors: Tomaszewska Ewa , Muszyński Siemowit , Dobrowolski Piotr , Kwiecień Małgorzata , Klebaniuk Renata , Szymańczyk Sylwia , Tomczyk Agnieszka , Kowalik Sylwester , Milczarek Anna , Świetlicka Izabela
Published: June 2018

Faba bean (FB) seeds can be a good protein-energy component in animal feed. However, the presence of anti-nutritional substances is a negative feature of FB seeds. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of different levels of unprocessed FB seeds in feed on the gut-bone axis and metabolic profile in broilers. Ninety six, 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly selected to one of the 3 dietary treatments (32 chickens in each, divided into 8 pens with 4 birds per each pen): the control group fed standard diet with soybean meal and without FB seeds, group I fed 8/15% (starter/grower) of high-tannin FB seeds, and group II fed 16/22% of high-tannin FB seeds. Bone mechanical examination, hematological and serum biochemical analysis as well histomorphometry of small intestine and liver tissue were performed. The intake of high-tannin FB seeds, irrespective of their amount, did not alter the bone geometric, mechanical and densitometric parameters nor influenced basal hematological parameters, however it resulted in: decreased serum concentration of total cholesterol and calcium; a reduced longitudinal myenteron of small intestine; increased mucosa and villus epithelium thickness, villus length, thickness and absorptive surface in duodenum; increased number of active crypts in jejunum; unchanged collagen area, intercellular space, and total cell number in the liver; decreased number of multinuclear hepatocyte cells. Moreover, the livers of birds fed the higher dose of high-tannin FB seeds had lymphocytic infiltrates in portal tracts and sinusoids. Feeding of unprocessed high-tannin FB seeds exerted an influence on the gastrointestinal tract by increased absorptive surface. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of unprocessed high-tannin FB seeds had no negative effects on broiler growth, tibial bone mechanical properties and intestinal characteristics. Unprocessed high-tannin FB seeds may be used in broiler diets, but their dietary levels should not be higher than those discussed.
White Tea is More Effective in Preservation of Bone Loss in Adult Rats Co-Exposed to Lead and Cadmium Compared to Black, Red or Green Tea
Authors: Tomaszewska Ewa , Muszyński Siemowit , Dobrowolski Piotr , Winiarska-Mieczan Anna , Kwiecień Małgorzata , Tomczyk-Warunek Agnieszka , Ejtel Marta , Świetlicka Izabela , Gładyszewska Bożena
Published: June 2018

Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are toxic metals occurring commonly in the human environment that show mutagenic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Dietary components could prevent heavy metals intoxication by reducing their accumulation in the body. The purpose of the study was to check possible protective effect of regular consumption of white, black, red, or green tea on bone metabolism during long-term exposure to Pb and Cd in adult rats. The 12 week-long exposure to Pb and Cd (50 mg Pb and 7 mg Cd/kg of the diet) in a rat model was studied. Twelve-week-old adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a negative control group (Pb and Cd exposure without tea), a control (without Pb and Cd and teas), and groups co-exposed to Pb and Cd and supplemented with green, red, black, or white tea (n=12 each group). The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. The co-exposure to Pb and Cd led to the increase of bone resorption depending on the tea treatment, which was confirmed by the mechanical testing and histomorphometrical examination of cancellous bone. Pb and Cd influenced mechanical strength, reduced the densitometric and geometric parameters and the thickness of growth plate and articular cartilages. Concluding, white tea exerted the best protective effect on bone tissue and hyaline cartilage against heavy metal action.
Surgical Treatment in Ovarian Cancer - Complete or Optimal Surgery?
Authors: Stefan Niţu Teodor , Silvia Savin , Ovidiu Costea Daniel , Vasile Sârbu , Silvia Şerban , Irina Niţu
Published: June 2018

Surgical integration in the overall ovarian cancer protocol is conditioned by the performance it has allowed in cytoreduction, the benefits obtained in the interest of the patients in terms of risk (postoperative mortality, severe sequelae, oncology survival criterion at 5 years).

Surgical treatment remains the fundamental technical means in the treatment of ovarian cancer. It is performed either in the “first intention” (the strand: High-Probability Clinical Diagnosis, Extemporaneous Histopathological Examination Surgery, Continued Intervention, Postoperative Adjuvant Treatments: Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Immunotherapy, Hormone Therapy, Second-look 6 Months), or in “second intent” (precise histopathological / pelviscopic or classic diagnosis, followed by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and radical surgery).
Do You Know How Young Your Heart Is?
Authors: Ramona Tase Cristina , Lucia Cojocaru , Andrei Rusali , Cristina Suta
Published: June 2018

We present the case of a 25 years old patient who was submitted to our unit with a first time acute coronary syndrome. Despite his young age he had multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Although the chest pain was atypical and the electrocardiogram on presentation had unspecific changes, repeated investigations established the diagnosis of anterolateral myocardial infarction. Per primam angioplasty with stent implantation in the proximal segment of left anterior descending artery was performed, with good clinical outcome. Awareness is the key in establishing the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in young patients.
Comparison Between the Anterior Ventricular Wall Thickness, Left and Right, and Considerations on Trabecular System of the Two Ventricles
Authors: Ruxandra Gheorghiţescu Jancă , Marcel Iliescu Dan , Petru Bordei , Cristina Popescu-Chiriloaie , Marius Tobă
Published: June 2018

In recent decades (late twentieth century), have been reported multiple anatomical variations in relation to the concepts described classic, so what once was described as an anatomical variant in some cases has become predominant, not quite often proposing a revision of international anatomical terminology.

This article is specifically addressed on the morphology of the papillary muscles of the two ventricles, describing the differences between the left and the right anterior ventricular walls.
Comparative Study Between the Papillary Muscles of the Right Ventricle and the Left Ventricle Papillary Muscles
Authors: Marius Tobă , Marcel Iliescu Dan , Petru Bordei , Cristina Popescu-Chiriloaie , Ruxandra Gheorghiţescu Jancă
Published: June 2018

We used formalinized heart dissection obtained from forensic laboratory in Constanta, analyzing the papillary muscles and their tendon chordae. We studied at the papillary muscles the number of forms that could be in single or multiple muscular bodies, encountering more than five body muscles in a papillary muscle group. We measured using caliper graduated in millimeters, the height of each papillary muscle body (from the base to its upper end) and its thickness at the base and at its upper extremity. Chordae tendon we examined in terms of their origin and number at the level of each papillary muscle, the dimensions (length and thickness), orientation and how they end at the atrioventricular valves. We noted the presence of „false”chordae tendineae, which were disposed between the papillary muscle and the ventricular wall. The results were compared with data in the literature that I had the opportunity to consult
Antibiotics Use in Adult Population, as Perceived by Family Doctors in Romania
Authors: Sergiu Chirila , Adalgiza Alexiu Sandra
Published: June 2018

Introduction: In recent years, the problem of overprescribed antibiotics has become one of the most serious public health issues at global level. Clear evidence shows direct relation between antibiotics consumption and the resistance developed by the microbial agents

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of antibiotics recommendations from other medical practitioners or pharmacists and reported self-medication, in the family doctor’s office

Methods: We conducted a survey questionnaire on 184 family doctors from Romania that volunteered to gather information for one week on a daily basis. he questionnaire for adults had four questions, related to the frequency of antibiotics consumption based on the recommendation from emergency rooms or other doctors, self-medication, antibiotics recommended and delivered by pharmacies and personal recommendation of antibiotics

Conclusion: We conclude that the level of antibiotics recommendations for diseases, which usually do not benefit from this type of treatment, is high, with a large proportion of adult patients coming to the family doctor for reimbursement. The level of auto-medication with antibiotics, in adults, is also elevated, in most of the cases based on leftover medication.
The Distance Between the Diafragm and the Origin of the Collateral Branches of the Abdominal Aorta
Authors: Anamaria Bardas , Ionut Bulbuc , Petru Bordei
Published: June 2018

The Abdominal Aorta represents the terminal portion or the fourth portion of the artery, continuing the diaphragmatic portion, stretching from the aortic hiatus (at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra) up to the fourth lumbar vertebra, the level at which ends by bifurcation in the two common iliac artery, left and right.

The survey was carried out on the computed tomography angiography’s executed on a computer tomography GE LightSpeed 16 slice CT in Medimar Imagistic Clinic located in the County Clinical Emergency Hospital “Sf. Andrei” Constanta, on healthy subjects and on the basis of sex.

The distance between the origins of the collateral branches of the aorta are highly variable, causing differences in relation to sex, generally being higher in male, exceptions being due to the fact that these distances are proportional with the morphological type of the individual in question. Frequently, the maximum and minimum values of the distances have not been encountered only in one event. Like other morfometric data, the distances between the collateral arteries of the abdominal aorta firstly depend on the number of cases which it has been worked, which explains the differences between authors who are working on the same grounds and at close intervals of time, but differs on the number of cases which are working.
A universal soil classification system from the perspective of the General Theory of Classification: a review
Authors: Nikiforova Aleksandra A. , Fleis Maria E.
Published: June 2018

The paper addresses issues related to the application of the General Theory of Classification in the development of a universal soil classification system. The requirements for such a system, a comparison of different approaches to its development, and obstacles on the way to it are outlined. Additionally, the problem of the definition of soils and the importance of distinguishing between differentiating and diagnostic criteria are discussed. It is shown that, from the perspective of the General Theory of Classification, a universal soil classification system should be natural, genetic, “fundamental-and-specific”, and hierarchical. It is concluded that the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) does not meet these requirements and therefore cannot be considered as universal. Ways of addressing the problems of a universal soil classification system are suggested.
Experience of the teaching of soil classification systems to students at different stages of education (Faculty of Soil Science, LMSU, Russia)
Authors: Prokof’eva Tatiana V.
Published: June 2018

Soil classification systems provide a common language for scientific communication, represent the diversity of soils and create a scientific basis for soil management, monitoring and conservation. There are several soil classifications currently in use in Russia. Teaching soil systematics to students at the Faculty of Soil Science of the LMSU has developed over the years to meet specific requirements at different stages of education. Students learn to use and correlate different classification systems. Bachelor’s students study classifications to enable professional communication and describing soil diversity. Master’s students further learn the key principles of soil formation, historical and current trends in the development of soil science and the international terminology of soil science. Studying different aspects of the theory and practice of soil classification at different stages of education gives our students a solid base for systematising their knowledge and acquiring skills in scientific research.
Noise Costs from Road Transport
Authors: Margorínová Martina , Trojanová Mária , Decký Martin , Remišová Eva
Published: June 2018

Building and improving road infrastructure in Slovakia is currently influenced by the amount of state funding. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the effectiveness of each proposed solution of road project, which is based on life-cycle costs. Besides capital costs, social costs are also important, which valued the negative impacts due to road construction and operation on road users, the environment, and the population living in the affected area. Some components of social costs have shortcomings in quantifying and valuating, which need to be resolved. The one of important components which affects human health and the value of an area, and have some shortcomings are noise costs. Improvement of this component will lead to more accurate valuation of economic efficiency of roads.
Objectification of Public Bus Stop’s Pavement Surface Morphology
Authors: Decký Martin , Kováč Matúš , Mužík Juraj , Mičechová Lenka , Ďuriš Lukáš
Published: June 2018

The article deals with the road pavement surface morphology objectification in term of the surface unevenness degradation during the life cycle of bus stop pavements. The article presents the results of long-term rut depth measurements performed during 25 years on selected bus stops which were intended to determine correlation dependences of pavement rut depth on a number of design axles. The article also presents different methods for rut depth measurements including the straightedge test, Profilograph GE, TRIMBLE CX, and dynamic Road Scanner.
Geometry of the Late Gothic Portal in Handlová Church
Authors: Grúňová Zuzana
Published: June 2018

Gothic architecture is one of the oldest surviving architecture in Slovakia. The Church of St Catherine of Alexandria in Handlová was built in the High Gothic period of 1360 - 1370; its main stone portal belongs to the later phase of 1502. The paper focuses on architectural features and geometry of this late gothic portal. The portal has a geometrical construction clearly based on the square of 2670 × 2670 mm. The division into thirds is applied in the details of the intersecting stone mouldings. Conclusions of the geometrical analysis suggest that the ratio of width to height of the entire portal could be close to 2 : 3 or 5 : 8 to suggest some consideration, but it was not a primary goal to attain precise ratios. The stone cutter just followed many times repeated geometrical procedure - square and the pointed arch, based on it.
Numerical modelling of the internal reflection and Goos-Hänchen shift of electromagnetic beam wave
Authors: Šumichrast L’ubomír , Franek Jaroslav , Dosoudil Rastislav , Červeňová Jozefa
Published: June 2018

Total internal reflection of plane waves is a well-known phenomenon. Some new aspects of the numerical treatment of the total internal reflection phenomena, concerning the beam-wave, are discussed.
Evaluation of speaker de-identification based on voice gender and age conversion
Authors: Přibil Jiří , Přibilová Anna , Matoušek Jindřich
Published: June 2018

Two basic tasks are covered in this paper. The first one consists in the design and practical testing of a new method for voice de-identification that changes the apparent age and/or gender of a speaker by multi-segmental frequency scale transformation combined with prosody modification. The second task is aimed at verification of applicability of a classifier based on Gaussian mixture models (GMM) to detect the original Czech and Slovak speakers after applied voice deidentification. The performed experiments confirm functionality of the developed gender and age conversion for all selected types of de-identification which can be objectively evaluated by the GMM-based open-set classifier. The original speaker detection accuracy was compared also for sentences uttered by German and English speakers showing language independence of the proposed method.
Estimation of laser weld parameters using surrogate modelling technique
Authors: Pavlíček Karel , Kotlan Václav , Doležel Ivo
Published: June 2018

A surrogate technique based on Gaussian Process (GP) is used for predicting quality of laser in case of laser welding process that may be supported by induction preheating. FEM-based solution of the problem is computationally expensive because it combines computation of 3D coupled nonlinear electromagnetic and temperature fields. The quality of laser welds is quantified with weld depth, which depends on a number of input parameters. The paper deals with two of them —thickness of the welded steel sheet and power of the laser beam. First, selected FEM simulations allow finding data describing the dependency between the two input parameters and weld depth. These data allow creating a surrogate model that is able to predict weld depth at any point close to the points where the results are known. The principal goal is to essentially save the computational time. The surrogate model also allows estimating prediction plausibility and running the full FEM calculation in cases where the prediction is not sufficiently accurate. The methodology is illustrated with a typical example whose results are discussed.
A note on magnetic vector potential
Authors: Kulkarni Raghavendra G.
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a non-traditional way of determining an unknown constant encountered in the expression for magnetic vector potential due to an elemental dipole antenna.
Extraction of rubidium and cesium from brine solutions using a room temperature ionic liquid system containing 18-crown-6
Authors: Huang Dongfang , Zheng Hong , Liu Zeyu , Bao Amin , Li Bo
Published: June 2018

Application of 1-butyl-3-metyhlimidazaolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4mim][PF6]), in the extraction of rubidium and cesium from brine solutions using 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18C6) as extractant was investigated. Parameters that affect the extraction including pH of aqueous phase, equilibration time, dosage of the ionic liquid, phase ratio, concentration of 18C6 were studied. Under the optimal conditions, the single extraction efficiency of rubidium ions and cesium ions were up 84.11% and 94.99%, respectively. The stripping of alkali metal ions from the loaded organic phase with different stripping agents and concentrations were also investigated. The initial value of the K/Cs and K/Rb ratios were 93.0 and 104.3, respectively, which have dropped 91.21% and 88.01%, respectively, after the extraction and stripping experiments. It was taken a big step in the separation and enrichment of cesium (rubidium) ion and potassium ion. The extraction mechanism was revealed most likely to be a cation exchange mode in this system.
Lexico-syntactic interactions in the resolution of relative clause ambiguities in a second language (L2): The role of cognate status and L2 proficiency
Authors: Soares Ana Paula , Oliveira Helena Mendes , Comesaña Montserrat , Costa Ana Santos
Published: June 2018

There is extensive evidence showing that bilinguals activate lexical representations in a non-selective way both when words are presented in isolation and in sentence contexts. Recent research has shown the existence of cross-language activation at the syntactic level as well. However, the extent to which the lexical and syntactic levels of representation interact during second language (L2) sentence processing, and how these interactions are modulated by L2 proficiency remain unclear. In this paper, we explore how native speakers of European-Portuguese (L1) who are learning English as an L2 at different levels of proficiency (intermediate vs. advanced) resolve relative clause (RC) syntactic ambiguities in their L2. European Portuguese and English native speakers were used as controls. Participants were asked to perform a sentence completion task, with cognates and noncognates critically embedded in the complex noun phrase (NP) preceding the RC, and which contained its antecedent. Results revealed that L2 learners, like English controls, preferred to attach the RC to the last host of the complex NP, regardless of L2 proficiency. Importantly, the cognate status of the complex NP modulated the results, although, contrary to our expectation, the presence of cognates induced less L1 syntax interference compared to noncognates.
Marketing Communication of the Catholic Church – a Sign of the Times or Profanation of the Sacred?
Authors: Gawroński Sławomir , Majkowska Ilona
Published: June 2018

The Catholic Church – though in popular opinion it is sometimes treated as a stronghold of conservatism, traditionalism, suspicion of progress and novelty, it changed significantly in the second half of the 20th century and continues to change its attitudes, especially in terms of the use of social communication and attitude to the media mass. The Church’s growing openness to media relations and the use of a rich instrumentation of social communication has become one of the reasons for the growing popularity of market orientation among the clergy and active believers, which opens opportunities for the development of the concept of a specific sectoral marketing formula of church marketing. In this article the authors search for the causes of the progressive phenomenon of the marketization of religion, present examples of the activities of the Polish Catholic church, inscribed in the church marketing trend, as well as define the negative consequences resulting from its dissemination. The applied research method is based on the literature analysis and case studies analysis.
Does First Class Make Sense for Airlines?
Authors: Parameswaran Karthikeyan
Published: June 2018

This topic reflects the behavioral characteristics and the measurement of first class air travel worldwide. Airlines in the East are pushing the boundaries and investing heavily on their first class cabins and potentially competes for their premium passenger. On the other hand, first class market in the western part of the world has been disappearing for decades and rather replaced with improved business class cabins. The worldwide shock of most recent economic crisis had a downward impact on the premium air travel and the post economic impacts were followed by some carriers cutting their first class capacity. The purpose of this research is to highlight whether first class make sense for the airlines to retain? This study is carried out with the research that some airlines have specifically targeted their routes that can fill expensive first class seats, and these were reflected by the strong presence of global business centers whereas others were diminishing due to less lucrative demand. This research will also show the complexity of airline hard product around the world and how they encounter to retain their premium passenger.
Reproductive Ecology of Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Bl. (Rhizophoraceae), A True Viviparous Mangrove Tree Species in Coringa Mangrove Forest, Andhra Pradesh (India)
Authors: Aluri Jacob Solomon Raju , Karyamsetty Henry Jonathan
Published: June 2018

Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Bl. bloom during September-March. It is hermaphroditic, protandrous, self-compatible and facultative xenogamous. The flowers possess an explosive pollination mechanism and are pollinated by bees and wasps. The pollination mechanism is characterized by special petal-stamen configuration in which each petal encloses two stamens and becomes tensed after anthesis. Each petal behaves independently and the explosion of all petals of a flower requires one or two visits. Individual flowers produce only one seed which produces seedlings on the maternal plant. The seedlings use self-planting strategy at low tide and stranding strategy at high tide. Both strategies are useful for regeneration in maternal environment and in areas away from material environment.
Morphology of Lernanthropinus trachuri (Brian, 1903)(Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Lernanthropidae) from Bandirma Bay(Turkey)
Authors: Öktener Ahmet
Published: June 2018

The parasitic copepod, Lernanthropinus trachuri (Brian, 1903) (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Lernanthropidae)was found on the Mediterranean horse mackerel, Trachurus mediterraneus in Bandırma Bay, Turkey. The aim of this study is to present female Lernanthropinus trachuri with morphological characters with photos from Turkey. The details unseen in photos were supported with drawings. All parasites were firmly attached to the gill filaments of the host. This parasite is also specific for the genus Trachurus (Costa et al 2017). Therefore, this parasite may use as biomonitor or tag species for fish stock studies in Turkey.
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa SMP pada Penyelesaian Masalah Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel
Authors: Islamiyah Anna Citra , Prayitno Sudi , Amrullah Amrullah
Published: June 2018

Background of this research is many student errors at solving linear equation systems with two variables problems. The research aim is to know the kinds and level of errors at solving linear equation systems with two variables problems. This research is descriptive quantitative. The subject of this study is 30 students grade 7 from one of junior high school at Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara. A data collection done by tested and interviewed. The error of the problem solving that could analyze were a reading error, comprehension, transformation, process skills and encoding. Result of the research indicate that percentage of reading error was 17.78% (too low category), comprehension error was 55.56% (middle category), transformation error was 18.52% (too low category), process skills error was 36.67% (low category) and encoding error was 83.70% (too high category).
Profil Berpikir Kritis Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Fungsi Komposisi melalui Model Pembelajaran Kolaboratif
Authors: Ulfa Icha Shofia Karlita , Trapsilasiwi Dinawati , Yudianto Erfan
Published: June 2018

Critical thinking is one of the high-level thinking. Mathematics learning in globalization era usually uses critical thinking in solving problems. Mathematics is always thought as the difficult one to be learnt. This research will describe students critical thinking profile in solving the function of compositions through collaborative learning. This reseach can be used as the reference for teachers to recognize students critical thinking profile in their class, and also it can be used to motivate students to enhance their critical thinking ability. The critical thinking criterias are focus, reason, inference, situation, and overview. That criterias include eleven indicators. The type of collaborative learning in this research is Learning Together (LT). This research is descriptive with qualitative approach. The data were collected by documentation, observation, test, and interview. The subjects of this research are six students who are two high-achiever students, two medium-achiever students, and two low-achiever students from one of senior high school at Jember. High-achiever students can achieve all criterias of critical thinking and they dominate the role in learning and teaching activity. The medium-achiever students only fulfill focus in the first and second indicator, reason in the second, and inference, situation, clarity, and overview in the second indicator and also can join in the collaborative learning. While, the low-achiever students can only look to other students without get engaged actively in collaborative learning and only achieve focus in the first and second indicators of situation.
Chocolate casero tradicional en la región de la Chontalpa Tabasco, México: actores y saberes locales
Authors: Córdova-Lázaro Cristobal Enrique , Jaramillo-Villanueva José Luis , Córdoba-Avalos Víctor , Carranza-Cerda Ignacio , Morales-Jiménez Juan
Published: June 2018

Objetivo: describir y analizar los conocimientos tradicionales empleados para la elaboración de chocolates artesanales en Tabasco, México. Metodología: se empleó un método de investigación analítico cualitativo. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de talleres participativos, observación directa y entrevistas a profundidad, a productores(as) rurales de chocolates. Resultados: el chocolate casero artesanal está presente en la dieta de los habitantes de la Chontalpa e incorpora saberes locales transmitidos de forma oral por generaciones. Producen para el autoconsumo y en algunos casos, comercializan el excedente. Limitaciones: futuras investigaciones sobre el tema deberán abordar la estructura de costos de producción y las preferencias de consumidores por los atributos relacionados con ingredientes locales y proceso artesanal. Conclusiones: existe un potencial nicho de mercado con consumidores locales y regionales que han perdido los saberes en la elaboración de chocolates, a los sectores que no tienen tiempo ni espacio para generar sus propios productos y un mercado de la nostalgia que se ubica en la cabecera municipal.
PENANGANAN PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Authors: . Sutrisni
Published: June 2018

Merosotnya kualitas lingkungan yang dibarengi dengan semakin menipisnya persediaan sumber daya alam serta timbulnya berbagai permasalahan lingkungan telah menyadarkan manusia betapa pentingnya dukungan lingkungan dan peran sumber daya alam terhadap kehidupan di alam semesta. Lingkungan tidak dapat mendukung jumlah kehidupan yang tanpa batas. Apabila bumi ini sudah tidak mampu lagi menyangga ledakan jumlah manusia beserta aktivitasnya, maka manusia akan mengalami berbagai kesulitan. Pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk bumi mutlak harus dikendalikan dan aktivitas manusianya pun harus memperhatikan kelestarian lingkungan.

Jika kondisi alam dan lingkungan sekarang dibandingkan dengan kondisi beberapa puluh tahun yang lalu, maka segera terasa perbedaan yang sangat jauh. Pembangunan telah membawa kemajuan yang besar bagi kesejahteraan rakyat, di balik itu telah terjadi pula perubahan lingkungan. Sebagai negara yang sedang berkembang, Indonesia saat ini sedang melaksanakan pembangunan di segala bidang. Pembangunan di sini merupakan upaya bangsa Indonesia untuk meningkatkan taraf hidupnya dengan memanfaatkan segala sumber daya yang dimilikinya, di mana peningkatan manfaat itu dapat dicapai dengan menggunakan lebih banyak sumberdaya.

Perlunya penanganan yang serius terhadap dampak pencemaran lingkungan serta perlunya adanya tindakan dari pemerintah supaya pencemaran lingkungan dapat diatasi dan mengajak masyarakat  untuk terus menjaga kelestarian lingkungan.
PENGAWASAN KEUANGAN NEGARA OLEH BADAN PEMERIKSA KEUANGAN
Authors: Arief Moh. Zainol
Published: June 2018

Penyelenggaraan pemerintahan negara untuk mewujudkan tujuan bernegara menimbulkan hak dan kewajiban negara yang dapat dinilai dengan uang. Pengelolaan hak dan kewajiban negara sebagaimana dimaksud pada Pasal 23C Bab VIII Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 menyatakan hal-hal lain mengenai keuangan negara diatur dengan undang-undang. Hal itu menimbulkan reformasi di bidang keuangan negara yang ditandai dengan keluarnya 3 (tiga) paket Undang-Undang, yaitu Undang-undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2004 tentang Perbendaharaan Negara, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemeriksaan, Pengelolaan dan Pertanggungjawaban Keuangan Negara. Oleh karena itu dapat ditarik permasalahan peran Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan dalam melaksanakanpemeriksaan terhadap pengelolaan Keuangan Negara.

Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan yuridis normatif (Legal Research), yaitu penelitian yang difokuskan untuk mengkaji penerapan kaidah-kaidah atau norma-norma dalam hukum positif yang berlaku. Tipe penelitian yuridis normatif dilakukan dengan cara mengkaji dan menganalisis berbagai aturan hukum yang berifat formil seperti Undang-Undang, peraturan-peraturan serta literatur yang berisi konsep-konsep teoritis yang kemudian dihubungkan dengan permasalahan yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Pendekatan masalah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach).

Tugas dan wewenang BPK dalampemeriksaan pengawasan pengelolaankeuangan Negara dan pemeriksaantanggung jawab mengenai keuanganNegara berdasarkan pada UUD 1945 danUndang-Undang yang terkait BPK dalammenjalankan tugasnya bebas dan mandiri; hasil pemeriksaannyadiserahkan kepada DPR, DPRD, sesuaidengan kewenangannya dan hasilpemeriksaan tersebut di tindak lanjutioleh lembaga perwakilan dan/ataubadan sesuai dengan Undang-Undang.Lebih lanjut UUD 1945 mengamanatkanpemeriksaan yang menjadi tugas BPKmeliputi : Pemeriksaan atas pengelolaankeuangan Negara, dan pemeriksaan atas tanggungjawab mengenai keuanganNegara, termasuk pengelolaan keuanganNegara dan tanggungjawab yangdilakukan oleh Pemerintah Pusat,Pemerintah Daerah, lembaga Negaralainnya, Bank Indonesia, Badan UsahaMilik Negara, Badan Layanan Umum,Badan Usaha Milik Daerah, lembaga ataubadan lain yang mengelola keuanganNegara. BPK secara tertulismenyerahkan hasil pemeriksaan kepada Presiden; Gubernur; Bupati/Walikotasesuai kewenangannya, dan apabiladalam pemeriksaan terdapat unsurpidana, BPK melaporkan kepada instansipenegak hukum yang berwenang.
PENYELESAIAN TANAH SENGKETA ADAT MELALUI PROSES PERADILAN
Authors: Suheri Ana
Published: June 2018

Hukum Adat tentang Tanah adalah Hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat (Living Law) yang dipertahankan oleh satuan-satuan masyarakat Hukum Adat (Adat Recht Gemeenschap) dimana tanah tersebut berada. Penjelasan umum Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria (TLN No. 2043) mengungkapkan bahwa keberadaan hak ulayat dan hak-hak yang serupa dari masyarakat hukum adat bertalian dengan hubungan antara bangsa dengan bumi, air dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung didalamnya serta kekuasaan Negara sebagai yang disebut dalam Pasal 1 dan 2 maka dalam Pasal 3 diadakan ketentuan mengenai hak ulayat dari kesatuan-kesatuan masyarakat hukum, yang dimaksud akan mendudukan hal itu pada tempat yang sewajarnya.

Dalam penyelesaian sengketa tanah adat di Kalimantan Tengah diatur dalam Peraturan Daerah No. 16 tahun 2008 Bab X tentang Penyelesaian Sengketa (Pasal 27-31). Dalam peraturan ini ditentukan bahwa “Penyelesaian secara adat adalah penyelesaian pertama dan bersifat final” tetapi bilaman kita perhatikan ketentuan tersebut tidak menutup kemungkinan untuk dilakukan penyelesaian secara formal atau melalui proses hukum formal yaitu melalui proses peradilan.
ANALISIS HUKUM TERKAIT PILKADA LANGSUNG DI INDONESIA
Authors: Andyanto Hidayat
Published: June 2018

Kerusuhan dalam menyikapi hasil Pilkada langsung seolah sudah menjadi pemandangan umum. Pengrusakan pemerintahan, pengrusakan fasilitas umum dan pembakaran rumah warga yang berbeda pilihan politik seakan sudah menjadi berita sehari-hari. Jumlah kerugian materi bila dikalkulasi mungkin sudah mencapai ratusan milyar rupiah. Di tambah kehilangan nyawa, kehilangan orang yang kita cintai menjadikan Pilkada langsung seolah menjadi mimpi buruk dalam demokrasi di Negara kita.

Pilkada langsung dengan paradigma biaya tinggi memang sangat berpotensi menghadirkan kerusuhan dan tindakan koruptif. Kerusuhan biasanya dihadirkan oleh pihak yang kalah dalam Pilkada, Akibatnya mereka berani melakukan tindakan inkonstutisional demi mencapai tujuan. Seperti demo anarkis, pengrusakan fasilitas umum, pemblokiran jalan dan tindakan lain yang sangat merugikan kepentingan masyarakat.

Pilkada berbiaya tinggi juga akan menghadirkan perilaku korupsi karena para pemenang pilkada akan berfikir bagaimana caranya agar modal besar yang telah mereka keluarkan dapat kembali dalam waktu singkat. Dengan demikian setiap kebijakan yang diambil selalu dihitung dengan kalkulasi keuntungan pribadi bukan lagi berorientasi kepada kepentingan masyarakat umum. Maka tidak heran apabila sebagain besar kepala daerah yang dipilih lewat Pilkada langsung berurusan dengan kasus korupsi.

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini, untuk mengetahui analisis hukum terkait pilkada langsung di indonesia. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini, yuridis normatif yaitu menelaah aturan-aturan, norma-norma dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku seperti hukum positif.
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON IMPORTANCE OF CRP AS A PREDICTOR AND TO ANALYSE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIBIOTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF NEONATAL SEPSIS AT SECONDARY CARE HOSPITAL OF TIRUPPUR
Authors: Jothivel Nandhakumar , P Sabitha V , Jacob Sharon , Sonapreethi S , Siby Teres , Visuvasam Priya , R Senthil selvi , S Rajarajan , T Suthanth , S Balamurugan , Ganesan V
Published: June 2018

Early diagnosis of sepsis in a neonate is often difficult because symptoms and signs are usually non-specific. A study was conducted to evaluate C-reactive protein (CRP) as a screening tool and the effectiveness of antibiotics in the treatment of neonatal sepsis. This retrospective study was conducted at NICU, Government District Headquarters Hospital, Tiruppur from December 2016 to June 2017, on total of 120 neonatal sepsis patients. Patients of Group I received Ampicillin + Gentamicin, Group II received Ampicillin + Gentamicin followed by Cefotaxime + Amikacin, Group III received Cefotaxime + Amikacin, Group IV received Ampicillin + Gentamicin followed by Piptaz followed by Amikacin + Ciprofloxacin and Group V received, Ampicillin + Gentamicin followed by Piptaz then by Amikacin + Meropenem and then by Ciprofloxacin. Chi-square test two side p-value & ONE WAY ANOVA followed by Tukey-Krammer Multiple Comparison Test is used for statistical analysis. Among study subjects, 18 (15%) and 102 (85%) had negative and positive CRP respectively. According to blood culture studies, 15 cases were culture positive, with the following organisms, Klebsiella pneumoniae (53.33%), Escherichia coli (20%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%) and Proteus marbilis (6.66%). Group II is an appropriate choice for empirical therapy of neonatal sepsis and was 46.96% of 66 patients. Group I, which is considered as First Line treatment was 33.33% of 66 patients.
QUALITY BY DESIGN APPROACH FOR AN ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLET ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION
Authors: Demirel G. , Saray D. , Yaman B. , Turkyilmaz A.
Published: June 2018

Quality by Design (QbD) is well established in the pharmaceutical industry for pharmaceutical development and manufacturing processes. The knowledge obtained during development may support the establishment of a design space and determines suitable process controls. This same QbD principle has been applied to the development of analytical methods and is termed “Analytical Quality by Design” (AQbD). Analogous to process QbD, the outcome of AQbD is well understood, fit for purpose, and robust method that consistently delivers the intended performance throughout its life cycle. The present work is aimed to develop an AQbD approach to analytical method development and validation based of Tadalafil and its impurities by the NP-HPLC method. The other objective of this work is to establish an in-depth understanding of the method and build in the quality during the method development to ensure optimum method performance over the lifetime of the product.
PHOTOOXIDIZED VESPA ORIENTALIS VENOM IMPROVES MEMORY AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES IN RATS
Authors: Handral Mukund , PM Manjunath
Published: June 2018

The work was aimed to study the effect of photooxidized Vespa orientalis venom on memory and learning activity on rats in presence of scopolamine and ondansetron using T maze, Elevated plus maze and passive avoidance. UV radiation exposure of Vespa orientalis venom (VOV) for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min intervals in presence to methylene blue to detoxify venom and studied by change in UV spectrum. Antigenicity study and in in-vivo and in-vitro neutralization study of Photooxidized Vespa orientalis venom (PVOV) against immunoglobulin from hyperimmunized rabbit was performed. The memory and learning activity of PVOV in presence and absence of scopolamine and ondansetron was studied. Forty five minute UV Radiation exposed VOV showed shift in λmax and increase absorbance indicated alternations in venom protein concentration, this in supported when PVOV showed loss of toxicity and decrease in mortality time in neutralization study in mice. Administration of PVOV for 28 days produced a notable improvement in spatial and long memory in rats when subjected in several tasks. When PVOV administered with scopolamine and ondansetron, all the parameters of spatial and long term memory tasks were significantly reduced inferred that PVOV acted by modulating either muscarinic or serotonergic receptors. However, other possibility of low-molecular weight protein and peptides or enzymes, which might also act by serotonergic / cholinergic system that affect CNS action. We concluded that although there is a possibility of employing PVOV in the treatment of depressive and chronic degenerative illnesses as a nonherbal and nonsynthetic alternative for patients not responding to the available therapy.
DETECTION OF BIOFILM PRODUCERS CAUSING OTITIS MEDIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE THREE MAJOR METHODS
Authors: Mamatha C. , Thangavel M.
Published: June 2018

Otitis media is the infection of the middle ear, caused as a result of the infection of the fluid built up in the tympanic cavity, mainly by bacteria even though viral and fungal otitis media has been reported. The bacterial isolated from the otitis media patients are known to be biofilm producers and hence the success in causing recurrent ear infections and so the detection of biofilms becomes essential as only then can effective treatment strategy be planned. As such, this paper is dedicated to finding the best method for the detection of biofilm producers in the case of otitis media causing bacteria.
PHARMACOKINETIC DRUG - DRUG INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CONCOMITANTLY USED METFORMIN WITH PRAVASTATIN
Authors: Haseeb T. S. Abdul , Reddy T. Rama Mohan
Published: June 2018

The present study is aimed to investigate the safety and reliability of anti diabetic drug Metformin and possible drug interaction with Pravastatin when they were administered as combination treatment. The study was conducted on healthy Wistar and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. A simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Metformin and Pravastatin in rat plasma and also to estimate possible pharmacokinetic parameters of these drugs after oral administration. There was no significant difference in the tmax of Metformin alone and combination with Pravastatin on day 1 and day 8 respectively. These were no significant increase in both AUC (0 – 24 h) and AUC (0 - ) of Metformin alone and combination of Pravastatin on day 1 and day 8 respectively. Similarly there was no significant enhancement in the Cmax between Metformin alone and combination with Pravastatin on day 1 and day 8 respectively. There is however no significant difference in Cmax, t½, values. Similarly there was no significant difference in the tmax of Pravastatin alone and combination with Metformin on day 1 and day 8 respectively and no significant enhancement in Cmax, tmax, t1/2, values between Pravastatin alone and combination with Metformin on day 1 and day 8 respectively. In the present study, based on the results it can be concluded that the concurrent administration of these two drugs have potential benefit in the treatment of Diabetes and hyperlipidemia. In addition, due to their insignificant pharmacokinetic interaction the combinational therapy can be safe and highly advantageous in hyperlipidemia patients with diabetes.
TEKİL DEĞER AYRIŞIMININ VARLIĞINA İSPAT
Authors: Lı Zhaoyang
Published: June 2018

Matris ayrışımı, karmaşık
bir matrisi daha basit matrislerin çarpımına dönüştüren bir yöntemdir. 1960’lı
yıllardan önce, sadece lineer sistem analizine uygulanmış olan matris ayrışımı;
son yıllarda yazılım, elektronik, sinyal filtrelemesi, matris transformasyonu
ve regresyon analizi gibi alanlarda da kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle Tekil değer
Ayrışımı (Singular Value Decomposition - SVD), ortonormal bir matris, köşegen
bir matris ve ortonormal bir matris olmak üzerine üçlü bir çarpıma ayrıştıran
bir algoritmadır. Çalışmada SVD’nin ispatı sunulmaktadır.