bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRAINING PEDAGOGICAL STUDENTS FOR TEACHING SPEECH ETIQUETTE TO PUPILS
Authors: Matuszak A. F. , Pochitalkina N. Ye. , Bespalova D. S.
Published: September 2020

The aim of the article is to study the problem of training students for teaching speech etiquette to pupils in linguistic subjects. The research ob-ejectives are studying the concept of speech etiquette, analyzing its structure, developing direction soft raining pedagogical students for teaching speech etiquette. The research is based on a multi-level methodology, which includes the following scientific approaches: system approach, axiological and personality-oriented approaches. The main results in visage clarifying the concept of etiquette in the didactic aspect, studying the structure of students' readiness in the field of etiquette, and investigating the process of future teachers training for teaching etiquette to pupils. The conclusions of the article contain the description of the readiness structure, which includes knowledge of speech etiquette rules, the skills of using basic etiquette expressions, the student’s personal qualities (tolerance of a different opinion, politeness); as well as the content of training pedagogical students, realized via a system of classes, extracurricular activities, teaching practice. The originality and significance of the data obtained lies in the development of a holistic system of training students for teaching speech etiquette to pupils in the linguistic subjects. The practical significance of the research implies that practical experience to train students for teaching speech etiquette to pupils has been suggested in the paper on the example of linguistic subjects. The direction of further research: further research of the problem might be done by means of integrating academic subjects, working out optional courses on the issue in question.
PENERAPAN METODE VERTIKULTUR UNTUK KONTINUITAS PRODUKSI TANAMAN SAYURAN DI DESA ULAK TEMBAGA, KECAMATAN JEJAWI, KABUPATEN OKI
Authors: Samjaya Zachruddin Romli
Published: September 2020

Pengembangan tanaman sayuran sebagai  komoditas yang esensial dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan penting  manusia tentang  kalori, vitamin, mineral, serat dan anti oksidan alami. Kandungan nutrisi antara sayuran yang satu dan sayuran yang lain  berbeda-beda, sayuran umumnya mengandung sedikit protein atau lemak, dengan jumlah vitamin, provitamin, mineral, fiber dan karbohidrat yang bermacam-macam. Selain banyak mengandung vitamin dan mineral, sayuran juga dapat mencegah berbagai penyakit. Desa Ulak Tembaga, Kecamatan Jejawi, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir.  Perkembangan wilayah ini agak  lamban  luas lahan yang dipergunakan untuk pertanian  terutama lahan hortikultura dalam hal ini sayuran masih sangat terbatas. Pengembangan pertanian mulai dilirik pada lahan-lahan pekarangan/lahan sempit, salah satunya adalah program Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari dari kementerian Pertanian. Secara umum Desa Ulak Tembaga ingin membentuk kelompok tani Sumber Rezeki, disamping melakukan budidaya sayuran di pekarangan mereka juga ingin memiliki kebun percobaan. Untuk memanfaatkan waktu dan peningkatan kesejehteraan keluarga.
ADAPTASI POLA GENANGAN AIR RAWA LEBAK DENGAN BUDIDAYA TANAMAN PADI MENGAMBANG DI DESA PELABUHAN DALAM, KABUPATEN OGAN ILIR
Authors: Saleh Edward
Published: September 2020

Desa Pelabuhan Dalam, Kecamatan Pemulutan, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan merupakan desa yang lahan pertaniannya didominasi lahan rawa lebak, karena terletak di antara dua sungai besar, yaitu Sungai Ogan dan Sungai Keramasan. Dalam setahun, lahan pertanian akan terendam selama 7 bulan, yaitu dari bulan Oktober sampai bulan April, kondisi basa pada bulan Mei, Juni dan September, serta kering pada bulan Juli Agustus. Dengan kondisi lingkungan lahan demikian petani hanya mengusahakan sawahnya satu kali pertahun, yaitu budidaya tanaman padi pada bulan April sampai bulan September, diluar bulan tersebut lahan di berakan. Dalam pengabdian ini diperkenalkan sistem budidaya tanaman padi mengambang atau mengapung.  Penanaman padi mengambang ini dapat dilakukan selama fase pertumbuhan atau hanya pada fase awal pertumbuhannya saja.  Untuk melakukan praktek penanaman padi terapung dengan memanfaatkan botol minuman bekas sebagai pengapung, yang banyak tersedia sebagai limbah. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk : a) memperkenalkan budidaya tanaman padi mengambang pada fase awal pertumbuhannya, b) memasyarakatkan penanaman padi lebih awal agar dapat mencapai IP 200, dan c) pemberdayaan kelompok tani.  Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian dilaksanakan dengan sosialisasi, penyuluhan, dan pelatihan pembuatan rakit apung di sawah.  Dari hasil pelaksanaan pengabdian, dari mulai tahap sosialisasi, pembuatan percontohan, pendampingan, dan penyuluhan kepada petani, serta survei umpan balik diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: 1) petani merespon postif dalam arti menerima introduksi teknologi baru berupa penanaman tanaman sistem terapung untuk adaptasi kondisi lahan rawa banjir pada bulan November sampai bulan Maret, 2) respon petani menyatakan teknologi ini dapat diterapkan, karena bahannya mudah didapat dan sebagian merupakan limbah berupa botol plastik bekas, dan 3) petani menyatakan berniat untuk mempraktekkannya.  Dari hasil pengabdian ini dapat disimpulkan pertanian dengan adaptasi kondisi lingkungan banjir pada lahan rawa lebak berupa penanaman pada rakit terapung dapat diterima petani. Sebagai saran, sesuai untuk memenuhi harapan petani untuk dapat menerapkan teknologi ini, diperlukan percontohan lanjutan untuk beberapa waktu.
SARS-CoV-2 screening of asymptomatic women admitted for delivery must be performed with a combination of microbiological techniques: an observational study
Authors: Viñuela Maria Carmen , De León-Luis Juan Antonio , Alonso Roberto , Catalán Pilar , Lizarraga Santiago , Muñoz Patricia , Bouza Emilio ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. University Hospital Gregorio Marañón. Madrid, Spain
Published: September 2020

Introduction. The aim of this study is to assess the value of systematic screening in asymptomatic women admitted for spontaneous delivery with a combination of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cycle threshold (Ct) and serum antibodies.
Material and methods. Since May 6 all women admitted for spontaneous delivery underwent RT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs and specific antibodies IgG of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in serum that were performed as part of routine clinical care in our institution. Ct of the PCR was recorded. We analyzed the first 100 women consecutively admitted for spontaneous delivery at our institution.
Results. Nine women were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples (9%) and 13 (13%) presented positive specific antibodies of the coronavirus. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 prior exposure was 15%. The Ct determination (RT-PCR test)
of our 9 positive patients ranged from 36 to 41 cycles with a median of 40. Vaginal delivery occurred in 94% of the cases and only 6% underwent a cesarean section, always for obstetric reasons. No fetal transmission was observed and maternal and neonatal prognosis was excellent.
Conclusions. During epidemic episodes in asymptomatic women in labor, universal testing with RT-PCR (considering Ct determination), and the detection of antibodies, permits a better interpretation of the results and avoid unnecessary isolation procedures.
Optimal Play for Multiple Lottery Wins
Authors: Stong Richard , Garibaldi Skip
Published: September 2020

We determine the optimal strategy for a family of lottery games involving repeated drawings with the same conditions, which includes Brazil's jogo do bicho and games typically offered by state lottery organizations in the United States under names such as Daily 4 or Cash 3.  The proof that the strategy is optimal and the resulting formula for the probability of success both rely on a solution to a recursion that generalizes the usual Pascal recursion for binomial coefficients, which itself relies on a count of lattice paths.  We illustrate how our result can be applied to focus on-the-ground investigations of suspicious patterns of lottery wins.
On Graphs whose Orientations are Determined by their Hermitian Spectra
Authors: Wang Yi , Yuan Bo-Jun
Published: September 2020

A mixed graph $D$ is obtained from a simple graph $G$, the underlying graph of $D$, by orienting some edges of $G$. A simple graph $G$ is said to be ODHS (all orientations of $G$ are determined by their $H$-spectra) if every two $H$-cospectral graphs in $\mathcal{D}(G)$ are switching equivalent to each other, where $\mathcal{D}(G)$ is the set of all mixed graphs with $G$ as their underlying graph. In this paper, we characterize all bicyclic ODHS graphs and construct infinitely many ODHS graphs whose cycle spaces are of dimension $k$. For a  connected graph $G$ whose cycle space is of dimension $k$, we also obtain an achievable upper bound $2^{2k-1} + 2^{k-1}$ for the number of switching equivalence classes in $\mathcal{D}(G)$, which naturally is an upper bound of the number of  cospectral classes in $\mathcal{D}(G)$. To achieve these, we propose a valid method to estimate the number of switching equivalence classes in $\mathcal{D}(G)$ based on the strong cycle basis, a special cycle basis  introduced in this paper.
Globalization and Religion: Analysing the Impact
Authors: Onuoha Ikechukwu O , Odeke Francis C
Published: September 2020

Globalization is the interconnectedness of people and ideas across the globe. It involves the scaling of borders and the creation of a global society where events in far-flung areas reverberate uninhibited across great distances and geographical locations. Its agents are the information and communication technology (ICT), and the revolution in the modern transportation system. Globalization has affected everything and everybody and changed the traditional ways of doing things such that no region of the world can again boast of impermeability. Accompanying it are the values now known as modernism which includes a preference for change rather than continuity, freedom rather than restriction. This has led to the development of a secular culture which religious enthusiasts view as crude, sacrilegious, unacceptable and socially dangerous, and as threatening the very existence of traditional religious values.  This paper attempts an analysis of the interplay between religion and globalization. It uses the cause-effects theory, which discusses the impact of social systems as a result of their causes. The paper concludes that globalization as a socio-economic system should have nothing to do with religion which is solely concerned with the moulding of morality for the spiritual upliftment of man, his peace, and fulfilment in life.
Optimizing the Life Cycle of Physical Assets – a Review
Authors: Pais E. , Farinha J. T. , Cardoso A. J. M. , Raposo H.
Published: September 2020

Life cycle optimization has been a concern over decades; it has been clear that an asset well-kept will have a longer life with a higher return for the organization; this life cycle depends of several factors. The standard ISO 55001 defines a set of requirements that, when implemented and maintained, guarantee the good performance of an organization's asset management, responding to stakeholders need and expectations and ensuring the value creation and maintenance as well as a global vision of assets on the Optimizing the Life Cycle of Physical Assets. The organizations where physical asset management is of major importance include all those that involves facilities, machinery, buildings, roads and bridges, utilities, transportation industries, oil and gas extraction and processing, mining and mining processing, chemicals, manufacturing, distribution, aviation and defence. However, since ISO 55001 is a new standard in the global market, due to its necessity to involve all the organization its implementation becomes difficult; but, it is clear that an organization that certifies by the ISO 55001 is ahead on life cycle optimization because it is part of its requirements; so, what model of life cycle optimization to use? Is there anyone that fits on the ISO 55001? Can an existing one be adapted to be used according to ISO 55001 requirements? The approaches of this paper bring a literary review of life cycle models used in asset management and their major concerns, this is the beginning to build a model to optimize the life cycle of physical assets including the ISO 55001 perspective.
Ilgo veikimo bronchus plečiantieji vaistai – lėtinės obstrukcinės plaučių ligos gydymo pagrindas
Authors: Ankudavičius Vytautas
Published: September 2020

Stabilios lėtinės obstrukcinės plaučių ligos (LOPL) medikamentinio gydymo pagrindas – ilgo veikimo bronchus plečiantieji vaistai. Atsižvelgiant į paciento fenotipą ir ligos sunkumą, svarbu ne tik pritaikyti tinkamiausią vaistą, vaistų derinį, laiku paskirti gydymą ar jį intensyvinti, bet ir parinkti jam labiausiai tinkantį inhaliatorių.Daugelio klinikinių tyrimų duomenys parodė teigiamąmonoterapijos tiotropiu poveikį didinant plaučių laidumą,mažinant simptomus, o ypač retinant paūmėjimus. Tačiau tiotropio/olodaterolio tyrimai įrodė gydymo deriniu, palyginus su monoterapija, pranašumą gerinant plaučių funkciją, mažinant simptomus, hiperinfliaciją, didinant fizinį aktyvumą ir ištvermę, retinant LOPL paūmėjimus, patvirtino ankstyvo gydymo dviejų bronchus plečiančiųjų vaistų deriniu naudą, išlaikė panašų saugumo profilį bei užtikrino geresnę pacientų gyvenimo kokybę. LOPL gydymui yra labai svarbus ir tinkamo inhaliatoriaus parinkimas. Patobulintas kartotinio naudojimo Respimat® – tai unikalus inhaliatorius, kurio generuojamos smulkios dalelės patenka giliai į plaučius bei užtikrina 24 val. trunkantį bronchus plečiantį poveikį, tinka daugumai pacientų, sergančių LOPL. Galimybė naudoti tą patį inhaliatorių su 6 užtaisais padės reikšmingai sumažinti aplinkos taršą.
Pengaruh Store Atmosphere dan Experiential Marketing Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Di Kopi Daong Pancawati
Authors: Tantowi Achmad Imam , Pratomo Anton Widio
Published: September 2020

This study aims to find out: (1) How is the influence of Store Atmosphere on purchasing decisions (2) How is the influence of Experiential Marketing on Purchasing Decisions. (3) How is the influence of Store Atmosphere and Experiential Marketing on Purchasing Decisions. The total sample of 140 respondents using the Hair formula. The data used are primary data derived from answers to questionnaires. Data processing using Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS 25) analysis with multiple regression analysis methods, hypothesis testing, and f test. The results of this study are as follows: (1) Store Atmosphere has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions in Daong Pancawati coffee with a multiple regression value of 0.353 and has a significant value of 0,000. (2) Experiential Marketing has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions in Daong Pancawati Coffee with a multiple regression value of 0.444 and has a significant value of 0,000. (3) Store Atmosphere and Experiential Marketing have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions in Daong coffee with a calculated F value of 108.153 and is greater than the f table of 3.06 and has a significant value of 0,000. 

 

Keywords: Store Atmosphere, Experiential Marketing and Purchasing Decisions
Flower Species Detection Over Large Dataset Using Convolution Neural Networks and Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Koul Simriti , Singhania Udit
Published: September 2020

We investigate flower species detection on a large number of classes. In this paper, we try to classify flower species using 102 flower species dataset offered by Oxford. Modern search engines provide methods to visually search for a query image that contains a flower, but it lacks robustness because of the intra-class variation among millions of flower species around the world. So, we use a Deep learning approach using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to recognize flower species with high accuracy. We use the Oxford dataset which was made by the use of electronic items like a built-in camera in mobile phones and also a digital camera. Feature extraction of flower images is performed using a Transfer Learning approach (i.e. extraction of complex features from a pre-trained network). We also use image augmentation and image processing techniques to extract the flower images more efficiently. After the experimental analysis and using different pre-trained models, we achieve an accuracy of 85%. Further advancements can be made by using optimization parameters in the neural nets.
Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Analysis of Ayurveda Medicine (Atibala) Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet Roots Collected From Field
Authors: ram Dr. Sukha , Choudhary Dr. Amit , Kotecha Prof. Mita , Chaudhary Dr. Krutika , Dudi Dr. Sunita
Published: September 2020

Atibala (Abutilon indicum Linn.) Sweet belonging to Family Malvaceae is very important plant since long in traditional medicine of India and grows in waste places. The drug is attributed Balya Kantivardhaka, Grahi, Ojovardhaka, Brinhana, Krimighna, Dahahara, Vatahara, Rasayana, Mutrajanana, Mridurechana, Vajikara, Kasahara and Vedanahara properties in different Ayurvedic classical texts. Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies are essential for proper identification and authentication of the drug. Various methods including microscopy, physiochemical contents and phytochemical estimation along with quantitative analysis were conducted to evaluate Pharmacognostical, physiochemical and preliminary phytochemical standards of Atibala (Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet roots. These studies can be helpful to define diagnostic features for identification and standardization of both intact and powdered drug. The organoleptic examination of the intact and powdered materials of roots of Atibala revealed light brown color, odourless odour and astringent and bitter taste. After analysing result of present study, we found presence of carbohydrates, tannins, protein, alkaloid, saponin, amino acids and phenolic compounds in both alcoholic and aqueous extract. Present study will be helpful in ensuring efficacy of the drug, safety, purity and about adulteration of drug.
A Study on Modern Trends in Cruise Ship Industry
Authors: Suresh Pulla
Published: September 2020

In the course of recent years, the overall interest for the voyage the travel industry has posted some of the most significant additions inside the travel industry segment. The consistent dynamism in journey movement, additionally in light of the fact that the expanding number of countries that incorporate travels, as a key item for the travel industry advancement. This new investigation examines subjects simply like the current flexibly and interest for travels qualities and patterns. New component incorporates the association among objections and journey lines breaking down the key elements like enactment, advancement, and thus the financial effect of travels. This presents current patterns in the business regarding advancement, wellbeing and security, manageability and distinguishes the primary lines.
The Dimensionality
Authors: Sharma Sunil
Published: September 2020

This thesis is all about dimensions and the law of Visual, Physical and Time (V,P,T) dimension which succeed to discovered more than 9 dimension (with examples) which includes current three spatial dimensions as well. General idea of the law is to show that the Dimensions are categorized by phases not by sequences, and Visual, Physical, and Time are the phases the contains their own specific dimensions e.g. Initial Dimensions like Length, Mass and Infinite Time, respectively. Although this paper covers some of the major topics which are (i) Non-Existence of 4th dimension, (ii) Understanding the law of VPT Dimension (iii) Types (iv) Phases (v) Rules of Representation (vi) General term and Numerical term, (vii) Human Dimension, and some uses. This research can be used in various fields like physics, cosmology studies, mathematics, architecture, etc. which generates massive impact on science development. The topics which are not entertain in this paper are Dimensional formula, some theories claim higher dimensions and higher dimensions like 5th 6th and so on
Aboveground Biomass Production and Nitrogen Content of Gliricidia Sepium under Different Pruning Regime- A Case Study at the Department of Agroforestry Farm (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology-KNUST)
Authors: Agbana Christian Tettey , Boampong Elvis Wireko
Published: September 2020

Gliricidia sepium is considered one of the commonly used multipurpose legume shade trees in Ghana. Different pruning regimes affect the nutrient content as the amount of biomass produced by many multipurpose trees. In this study, the aboveground biomass (both fresh and dry matter) production and nitrogen content in Gliricidia sepium under different pruning regimes (4, 8 and 12 weeks) was studied. The study was carried out in the demonstration farm of Department of Agroforestry in the Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources-KNUST. A total of nine (9) Gliricidia trees were selected. The pruning frequencies were assigned to the selected trees, after an initial pruning of 1.2m from the ground. The data collected include; new fresh weight, dry weight and nitrogen content at the various pruning time. Also, the amount of nitrogen (N) in the new biomass was estimated at each pruning time. The result shows that the aboveground biomass production increased from 4 weeks to 12 weeks regime. Overall nitrogen concentration increased from 2.61% to 3.58% upon reducing the pruning frequency from 4 to 12 weeks, and total nitrogen content was much higher in 12 weeks (36.01g) than in the other pruning frequencies, due to biomass production been larger. In conclusion, the study highlights the potential of Gliricidia biomass as a source of N and green manure for both agricultural and agroforestry purposes. Hence pruning regime of Gliricidia should be considered in managing it for nutrient and manure purposes.
Design and Implementation of Van de Graaff Generator
Authors: Jaitu Aditya , lohar Amish , Patil Sumit , Mokal Vaishnavi , Kasar Prof. Nikhil
Published: September 2020

The paper proposes a design and implementation of Van de Graaff generator whose output voltage is 80.28 KV. To calculate the generated output voltage we have use the sphere gap method. A Van de Graaff generator is an electrostatic generator as it works on a principle of electrostatics. A Van de Graaff generator is used to generate a high DC voltage. It was first developed by Robert Jemison Van de Graaff in 1929, in USA and carries his name along 1931. This generator uses a moving belt to build up very high voltages on a hollow metal globe which is located on top of the generator. The potential difference that is developed in modern Van de Graaff generator reach about 5 megavolts. A Van de Graaff generator that we design and built that is intended to be used in schools and colleges for teaching the basics principles of Electrostatics and Electromagnetics as well as many other applications. Nowadays many schools and colleges laboratories and many museums use this type of generators for electrostatics demonstrations.
Katonák a határon − Az Egyesült Államok fegyveres erejének határvédelmi szerepvállalása 2018-tól
Authors: Lesták Tamás
Published: September 2020

The different service branches of the US armed forces have been supporting the border protection operations at the US-Mexican border with direct presence for almost 2 years now. This unusual deployment of the armed forces faced sincere legal and professional critics, mainly because of the operations’ aim, the financial background and their effectiveness. I will shortly introduce the measures and steps which has been taken from 2018, especially the changing task framework, and the challenges of the current world pandemic situation.
Az uniós migrációs adatgyűjtési rendszerek interoperabilitása
Authors: Urbán Ferenc
Published: September 2020

The study describes the migration data collection systems and their legal backgrounds within the European Union, it analyses the parallel data collection systems and the background of their development. One of the tasks of the study is to introduce the reader into the policy of home- and justice affairs of the EU which enables the interoperability between the EU systems, it describes the effect of interoperability of the data query and data collection practice. At the end the author gives some advices which can serve for a more efficient data collection system in the EU.
Portrait of a civic elite
Authors: Johnson Alice
Published: September 2020

This chapter sketches a group portrait of Belfast’s middle-class elite, taking in geographical, religious and class origins, education, wealth, and standards of living. A key focus of this chapter is the mid-century civic elite: that is, those people who dominated municipal life in Belfast in the middle decades of the century. The chapter does, however, go beyond this group, using various case-studies to branch into a much broader discussion of middle-class wealth, standards of living and social mobility. It provides an overview of the Victorian middle-class community as a whole. A fresh look is cast on suburbanisation and how it affected Belfast’s middle-class community. Suburbanisation is a phenomenon related to social mobility and demographic and economic changes, and as such is highly relevant when studying a dynamic community over a period of time.
A divided city
Authors: Johnson Alice
Published: September 2020

Belfast’s middle classes lived in a divided city. Politically, Belfast was divided for the period under review into Conservative and Liberal camps. Religious divisions existed between Protestants and Roman Catholics, and within Protestantism itself. Society was also separated into different classes, with the middle classes positioned above the working classes and below the aristocracy. Political, religious and class tensions existed in every industrial city, of course. However, in Belfast, religious division assumed a particularly ugly and bitter hue. This chapter focuses on an elite living in a society divided along lines of both class and religion. The relationship of Belfast’s elite to the city’s working classes and the local aristocracy is explored; while a discussion of Belfast’s middle-class Roman Catholic community assesses the extent to which it was integrated into the city’s elite. The chapter also examines the relationship between the middle classes and the city’s growing sectarianism.
A British or an Irish city? The identity of Victorian Belfast
Authors: Johnson Alice
Published: September 2020

Nineteenth-century Belfast was an Irish city unlike any other. The only Irish city to experience the industrial revolution, it enjoyed unprecedented levels of growth while other Irish cities declined. During and after the Famine, the divergence between Belfast’s fortunes and those of other Irish towns and cities became increasingly obvious. Keenly aware of its distinctive position in Irish society, Victorian Belfast - ‘Linenopolis’ - developed a civic identity based on its industry and prosperity. It projected an image of economic strength, independence and energy and consciously allied itself with British industrial centres. At the same time, however, Belfast’s unusual situation gave rise to confusion about civic and national identity. Was Belfast British, or Irish? This chapter brings together the themes of civic identity and national identity, exploring how they interacted for this social group. Through an examination of the city’s identity, image and civic pride in the post-Repeal, pre-Home Rule period, it addresses the question of what made Belfast a distinctive culture.
Translators as Ambassadors and Gatekeepers: The Case of South Slav Literature
Authors: Milutinović Zoran
Published: September 2020

This chapter uses the context of Bosnian literature and a case study of one of its leading translator-gatekeepers, Francis R. Jones, to challenge the advocacy of partiality among translator-gatekeepers. It begins by questioning Mona Baker’s contention that ‘uncritical fidelity to the source text or utterance has consequences that an informed translator or interpreter may not wish to be party to’. Jones is shown to share her view that translator objectivity, impartiality and neutrality are not only fictional, but also that any claim to them is unethical. As a gatekeeper to South Slav literatures, he has chosen to represent what he terms cosmopolitan voices over writers with ethno-nationalist views, to ‘defend and promote the complexity and potential for tolerance in Bosnian culture’ through literary translation. The chapter argues that translators are not responsible for the content of their translations, as long as they are accurate, never mind complicit in it, and that taking sides distorts the complexity of all sides, hindering the intercultural dialogue that translators all work for.
Creative Autonomy and Institutional Support in Contemporary Slovene Literature
Authors: Hellewell Olivia
Published: September 2020

This chapter uses interviews with two contemporary Slovene writers to examine institutional and non-institutional routes into English translation. It argues that the accumulation of studies that highlight the unequal nature of translation exchanges is essential both to rebalance and revise theoretical models developed on the basis of more ‘dominant’ literatures and to reach more complex definitions of what constitute ‘small’ literatures. The chapter questions the emphasis on target-culture-oriented theory, which in the context of Slovene and other smaller literatures leads domestically and internationally to a focus on the role of literary translation into the smaller language on identity formation. The chapter highlights the exceptional number of cultural institutions currently established to promote Slovene literature in translation, and traces the history of this effort in the context of both the nineteenth-century Slovene national awakening under the Habsburgs and the emergence of the first independent Slovenia in the 1990s. It notes both the predominantly cultural-diplomatic motivation for state funding, and the subtle presence of a national narrative underpinning these efforts.
Gender, Genre and Nation: Nineteenth-century Swedish Women Writers on Export
Authors: Hermansson Gunilla , Leffler Yvonne
Published: September 2020

The chapter centres on a comparative study of the international reception of two Swedish women writers, the Romantic poet, Julia Nyberg, and the best-selling novelist, Emilie Flygare-Carlén, using their examples to highlight the different opportunities for disrupting the balance between small and major, and presenting gender, genre and nationality as key factors in the process of attaining an international readership for not only Swedish, but also writers from other small nations. The chapter concludes by arguing that both writers had the potential to enter the international literary mainstream, but through reception and promotion were progressively removed from the centre into an increasingly gendered context, the ladies’ room in the peripheral history of Swedish literature.
Translating as Re-telling: On the English Proliferation of C.P. Cavafy
Authors: Nikolaou Paschalis
Published: September 2020

This chapter focuses on a rare success story among the poetries of small European nations: the transition of the Greek C.P. Cavafy (1863-1933) from national to global poet. The chapter shows how the poet’s status and image abroad is effectively defined by a synergy of actual translation and retranslation and diverse forms of imitation, which over the course of decades, and in a context of intense dialogue between literary systems, has changed Greek critical attitudes towards the poet and fostered international interest in Greek poetry. Centrally, Cavafy experiences fresh ‘translation’ in the poetry of others. In various examples where a poet’s encounter with Cavafy is dramatized in verse, the lines are blurred between appropriation, elective affinity and near-fictionalization. Anthologies of poetry inspired by Cavafy translated into Greek have changed his status in Greek literature and enhanced his myth. In turn, projects like 12 Greek Poems after Cavafy show how a poet’s presence within world literature creates interest in the inner workings of his or her national literature.
When Small is Big and Big is Small
Authors: Larsen Svend Erik
Published: September 2020

The leading Danish comparative literature scholar, Svend Erik Larsen, responds to the findings of the volume. Writing from the perspective of a smaller European literature, but with a wealth of experience and knowledge of world literature scholarship, his conclusion assesses how the volume confirms, challenges or changes prevailing theoretical views of the type of national literatures under discussion and highlights where the need for further research and theoretical conceptualization is most pressing.
Eugène Savitzkaya
Authors: Crowley Patrick
Published: September 2020

With the publication of his novel Fraudeur in 2015, Eugène Savitzkaya appears to return us to his first novel Mentir published in 1977. In the intervening years Minuit has published nine novels by Savitzkaya and each of them has put the form of the novel in play through a variety of devices ranging from paratextual commentary on the generic status of the novel to the integration of autobiographical materials. The focus of this chapter will be on the figure of the mother as inscribed within Mentir and Fraudeur and how she is at once both a biographème that signals the author’s past and referential horizon yet also a source of fiction that exceeds the autobiographical even as it draws upon it. In reading both these novels I want to explore the formal relationship between the novel and auto/biography in terms of fiction.
Metaphor, Parody and Madness
Authors: Britton Celia
Published: September 2020

Folie, the final part of Marie Chauvet’s trilogy Amour, Colère et Folie (1969), depicts Duvalierist political terror in a small town in Haiti and the futile attempts to resist it by René, the narrator, and his three friends. They are all poets, and René appears to be mad. Ronnie Scharfmann suggests that in this situation of extreme violence the boundaries between madness and sanity become impossible to demarcate, and that René and his friends, in their desperate stance against the Duvalier regime, are heroes. (‘Theorizing Terror: the Discourse of Violence in Marie Chauvet’s Amour Colère Folie’, 1996). Michael Dash, however, sees the text very differently, as parodying the figure of the poet as national hero and portraying René satirically as pathetic and delusional (in The Other America, 1998). But the issue of whether René is mad or not can only be fully explored by examining the language of his narrative in more detail than either Scharfmann or Dash provide. Is his florid, extravagant style meant to be a parody? Is his prolific use of metaphor really in fact metaphorical, or a literal account of his hallucinations? e.g., when he claims to be ‘riding the sun’, is this a self-consciously poetic metaphor or a hallucination? And if the latter, is it parodic? In this chapter I argue that Folie suggests that parody and metaphor are both in some sense incompatible with ‘mad’ discourse, and that therefore the gradual disappearance of these formal features from the text as it progresses provides a way – the only way, in fact – for the reader to chart René’s descent into madness.
Aesthetic Form and Social ‘Form’ in À la recherche du temps perdu
Authors: Finch Alison
Published: September 2020

The frequency with which Proust uses the word ‘goût’ (taste) in À la recherche du temps perdu contributes to the patterning or ‘form’ of the novel, while raising questions about social ‘form’. Proust plays with the concept of ‘taste’ or ‘tastes’ in such a way as to interweave the bodily, the historical and the imaginary, constructing scenarios that depend on ‘taste’, variously interpreted, and that are – alternately or simultaneously – comic, quasi-anthropological or poignant (for example, those staging gay eroticism); he also creates puns that draw on both oral and aesthetic meanings of taste/s. Throughout the novel, he depicts the relativism of tastes, the battlegrounds on which these are fought out, and the complex relationship between taste and disgust. (Arguably, in some cases the battlegrounds are peculiarly French, given the political importance of ‘taste’ in the national culture.) Characters such as Albertine, Brichot and the ‘low-life’ Jupien all have their – sometimes unexpected – roles in these taste-wars.
Certeau’s Landscapes
Authors: O’Donovan Patrick
Published: September 2020

The chapter alternates between a reading of Certeau’s L’Invention du quotidien centred on the practice and the issue of the image, and a wider theoretical reflection on the image’s agency vis-à-vis analytical categories through which we engage with the real of modernity. The image possesses agency in that it brings about a ‘rectification’ of prevailing representations of the everyday, by means of a holistic and therapeutic rationale that is distinctive. The mobility of forms that is the basis of Certeau’s vindication of the image is compared with the work of several more recent anthropologists, namely Tim Ingold, Philippe Descola and Eduardo Kohn, in whose writings comparable figures are subsumed into what can be termed an anthropology of sustainability.
La Sorbonne
Authors: Bush Ruth
Published: September 2020

This essay demonstrates the need to unpack the colonial and postcolonial history of the Sorbonne in order to better understand this institution’s symbolic meanings and in turn their epistemic implications for francophone universities on the African continent. The contribution explores these issues through analysis of two speeches by Léopold Sédar Senghor (one given at the Sorbonne, the other at the inauguration of the University of Dakar) and the landmark event of Cheikh Anta Diop’s viva at the Sorbonne in January 1960. Underpinning the discussion is a defense of humanistic concepts of education, borrowed and adapted by Senghor from Michel de Montaigne.
Memorials and Museums
Authors: Aldrich Robert
Published: September 2020

In the age of empire, colonial promoters sought to mark the very landscape of France with reminders of France’s empire: statues, war memorials, museum collections and buildings. With decolonization, and a period of ‘colonial amnesia’ that followed it, the fate of these memorial sites was brought into question, many left neglected or viewed with discomfort. In recent years, France has rediscovered its colonial past (and its legacy in contemporary issues) and ‘repurposed’ some of the old monuments, though the treatment of extant memorials and the erection of new sites suggests the ambivalence still felt about the colonial past. This essay discusses lieux de mémoire in Paris and the provinces, placing the material heritage of colonialism in the context of the colonial and post-colonial periods and France’s confrontation with the imperial record.
Rivesaltes
Authors: Ireland Susan
Published: September 2020

The Camp Joffre, otherwise known as the Camp de Rivesaltes, played a role in many of the major conflicts of the twentieth century, including the Spanish Civil War, World War II, and the Algerian war of independence. Originally designed as a military base, the camp was frequently reconfigured and was used for diverse purposes, often serving as an internment centre. The memorial museum, which was opened in October 2015, bears witness to the camp’s multifaceted history. As a postcolonial site of memory, Rivesaltes is primarily associated with the harkis, the Algerians who worked for the French during the war of independence and who found themselves isolated in temporary housing camps when they were repatriated to France at the end of the conflict. Emblematic of the housing camps in general, Rivesaltes figures prominently in the community’s collective memories as a symbol of their marginalization and of France’s failure to protect them.
Vine and Wine
Authors: Dutton Jacqueline
Published: September 2020

Wine is an iconic marker of French identity. Through winemaking, France effectively colonized not just its own empire, but the entire world of wines. While Georges Durand’s article on Vine and Wine in Pierre Nora’s Les Lieux de mémoire celebrates French hegemony in the wine world, underscoring wine’s place in personal and collective historical memories, this article explores the development of indigenous and settler wine industries in France’s former colonies and territories – Canada, Reunion Island, Algeria and Vietnam. These (post)colonial experiences of winemaking challenge French visions for vines and wines in New World contexts, repudiating received wisdom about terroir, climate and culture. This article demonstrates that vine and wine are inherently imperial, but can be subversively harnessed for emancipation through experimentation.
Toys
Authors: Heath Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

This article examines colonially-themed toys as historical sources that provide insight into the way that metropolitan boys and girls learned embrace the French empire in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It argues that colonially-themed toys such as drums, dolls, and games encouraged forms of play that instilled a colonial mindset and attitude among metropolitan French children. These actions provided the foundation for a cognitive framework and worldview that naturalized colonialism and racial and civilization hierarchies. The residues of these earlier practices and imaginations remain, marking toys as a particularly rich genre of material culture with which to understand the inculcation of colonialism and lingering colonial nostalgia.
The “Euro-Mediterranean” City: Transnational Difference and Belonging on the Marseille Waterfront
Authors: Cartelli Philip
Published: September 2020

L’Esplanade du J4, un ancien quai du port, figure aujourd’hui au centre des projets de réaménagement urbain, revitalisation culturelle et transformation économique de Marseille, qui exploitent l’identité méditerranéenne et européenne dans des objectifs stratégiques. L’auteur explore les expériences des anciens usagers du J4 qui dévoilent et confirment ces dernières années, les limites des terminologies employées sur et autour de cet espace.
L’Union européenne et les jeunes. Regards croisés d’une sociologue et d’un cinéaste
Authors: Klapisch Cédric , Muxel Anne , Burguière André , Heintz Monica
Published: September 2020

Cet entretien aborde la question de la jeunesse et de sa conscience identitaire européenne, à travers le cas du programme phare Erasmus tel que reflété dans l’œuvre de fiction Auberge Espagnole de Cédric Klapisch. L’entretien avec Cédric Klapisch, réalisateur du film, et Anne Muxel, spécialiste des comportements politiques de la jeunesse, a été initié par André Burguière, qui a consacré ses travaux à l’histoire sociale de l’Europe, accompagné de Monica Heintz, anthropologue coordinatrice de ce numéro.
Style de jeu, style de club, style de ville ? Éducation sentimentale et marque d’appartenance urbaine à travers le football à Marseille et ailleurs
Authors: Bromberger Christian
Published: September 2020

Le style de jeu d’une équipe de football, qui serait analogue à celui de la collectivité que celle-ci représente, est une catégorie largement imaginaire mais qui fait cependant sens pour beaucoup de supporters. Cette image stéréotypée, enracinée dans la durée, peut s’endormir ou resurgir selon les vicissitudes de l’histoire du club. On évoque ces hauts et ses bas de la légende du style de l’OM et l’on compare ces inflexions, au cours des dernières décennies, à celles des équipes de Nantes et de Saint Étienne.
Radicalisation et travail social
Authors: Verba Daniel
Published: September 2020

Depuis près de 20 ans, la notion de radicalisation a imposé aux travailleurs sociaux un nouveau vocabulaire dans le champ sémantique de l’action sociale. Poussés par les pouvoirs publics à exercer une surveillance accrue sur les jeunes pour identifier les éventuels signes de radicalité, les professionnels oscillent entre une légitime préoccupation et une prudence éthique afin de ne pas dévoyer leurs missions de protection de l’enfance.
L’intervention sociale face à l’impératif sécuritaire
Authors: Michon Bruno
Published: September 2020

L’auteur interroge les effets de la politique publique de lutte et de prévention contre la radicalisation dans le secteur de l’intervention sociale. Suite au discours d’Emmanuel Macron appelant à lutter contre le « séparatisme islamiste », l’auteur s’attache à comprendre les difficultés d’une politique faisant dialoguer grammaire sécuritaire et grammaire sociale. À partir d’une enquête de terrain de quatre ans s’appuyant sur la méthode de la participation observante et sur des entretiens semi-directifs, l’auteur propose une analyse du système de défiance généralisée générée par cette politique. La colonisation du travail social par la grammaire sécuritaire empêche les professionnels de l’intervention sociale d’accomplir leur mission. Pour conclure, l’auteur propose un changement de paradigme à partir du concept de « prévention des polarisations ».
Se fabriquer une visibilité sur la scène publique en tant que femmes : L’éducation populaire politique en action
Authors: Sallenave Léa
Published: September 2020

Cet article propose d’analyser les stratégies spatiales de plusieurs femmes musulmanes, se définissant comme « libres et voilées », militant dans une association d’éducation populaire politique. Dans un contexte sans cesse renouvelé de « lutte pour des places » (Lussault, 2007), elles mobilisent des ressources spatiales pour accroître une visibilité qui leur est souvent soit déniée, soit imposée par des « cadres normatifs majoritaires » (Chassain et al. , 2016). Minorisées, elles permettent pourtant un « travail du commun » (Nicolas-Le Strat, 2016) en menant une lutte politique. Leur engagement avec et dans l’espace public ouvre des perspectives pour réfléchir plus globalement aux conditions de la construction du commun, sans évacuer l’approche agonistique.
Molecular detection of bee pathogens in honey
Authors: Revainera P.D. , Quintana S. , de Landa G. Fernandez , Iza C. García , Olivera E. , Fuentes G. , Plischuk S. , Medici S. , Ruffinengo S. , Marcangelli J. , Fuselli S.
Published: September 2020

Honey bees are affected by a wide variety of parasites and pathogens, some of them were previously found in bee honey. Considering that spore-forming microorganisms are expected to remain latent in raw honey, presence of microsporidia, spore-forming bacteria, and viruses protected by peptide structures might represent a threat for bees. It is widely known that parasites and pathogens are one of the main factors implied in the worldwide decline of wild pollinators and colony losses of managed bees, and their detection in honey could be used to prevent the spread of diseases among colonies. Honey from 57 apiaries of Argentina located in Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, La Rioja, Neuquén, Río Negro and Santa Fe provinces was collected between March and October, 2012. DNA was extracted from the pellet obtained by centrifugation of 10 g of honey and pathogen DNA was amplified by qPCR, and products were purified, sequenced and analysed using BLAST software. Honey from every apiary contained DNA of at least one pathogen, with a high occurrence ofApis mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV) andApicystis bombi, althoughNosema ceranae, Paenibacillus larvae, andAscosphaera apis were also detected. Here, we report the presence of DNA of several bee pathogens in honey from commercial apiaries, and provide a fast and efficient screening method that could be useful to indirectly estimate pathogen presence in apiaries.