bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Exercise on Asthma from Iranian Traditional Medicine Perspective
Authors: Sadr Saeed , Kaveh Narges , Choopani Rasool , Kaveh Shahpar , Dehghan Sohrab
Published: October 2019

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. In the conventional medicine, in addition drug therapy, exercise can also improve the respiratory parameters in asthma. In this article the view of Iranian Traditional Medicine (Persian Medicine) scholars on the effect of exercise in asthma is discussed. In this review article subjects related to exercise and asthma by two words ‘‘Riyazat’’ and ‘‘Rabv balghami’’ are collected from the major references of Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) such as Al- Havi, Cannon of medicine, Zakhireh kharazmshahi, Tibbe Akbari, Kholasat al-hekmat, Mojarabat, Al-mokhtarat fi al-tib and Exire Aazam. Many relevant abstracts and articles in the above mentioned areas were selected from Pub Med and Google Scholar which were published during 2003 to 2015. Articles selected for detailed review included review articles and clinical trial studies in humans. In ITM, Asthma is caused due to accumulation of thick secretions (Balghame ghaliz) in the airways. Exercise is recommended as an adjuvant therapy for asthma. In ITM’s view, exercise followed in proper manner, increases the body heat which by diluting the secretions helps the process of expulsion. In ITM, Exercise has an assisting role in the management of asthma, in other words following recommended exercises in their proper conditions can result in improved respiratory functions in patients. Ultimately, ITM recommendations along with modern medical management can improve the quality of life in asthma patients, an interesting subject that demands further research in the future.
Symptoms of Uterine Dystemperament in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding from Perspective of Persian Medicine
Authors: Moradi Fatemeh , Alizadeh Fatemeh , Zafarghandi Nafiseh , Jafari Farhad , Alizadeh Vaghasloo Mahdi , Karimi Mehrdad
Published: October 2019

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) is the most common reason for women’s medical referral in the reproductive age. In Persian Medicine, one of the major causes of this disorder is known as uterine dystemperament (Su-e-Mizaj). AUB is known as “Kesrat-e Tams” in this medical school. We aimed to investigate the frequency of positive symptoms of uterine dystemperament in patients with AUB from the perspective of Persian Medicine. This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2009 to September 2010 in Tehran, Iran. It comprised 70 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding who were 15-45 years old. Data were collected by a questionnaire prepared based on the textbooks of Persian Medicine. The frequency of each symptom of uterine dystemperament was obtained. Among the four uterine dystemperaments, the “dry” and “warm” uterine types had the highest rankings. In patients with excess uterine hemorrhage, the symptoms of warm uterine is more frequent than cold uterine. Meanwhile, the warm uterine dystemperament interference was also observed in excess uterine hemorrhage.
Daniel Link y la televisión:ensayos entre la clase y la cualificación
Authors: Catalin Mariana
Published: October 2019

El presente artículo busca analizar el lugar que ocupa la televisión en relación con el arte y la literatura en la producción ensayística de Daniel Link. Para esto, en una primera instancia, se realiza un recorrido desde la postulación, en relación con la televisión, de la necesidad de un “punto de vista móvil” que se realiza en los ensayos de La chancha con cadenas hasta la forma en que el mismo se efectúa en Clases. Este recorrido pone en el centro los modos de relación del ensayista con lo que va definiendo como géneros y clases.

En una segunda parte, se abordan los textos que toman específicamente a la serie televisiva como objeto. Se analizan aquí la necesidad del ensayista de armar escalas de valor, los modos en que las mismas se constituyen y la singularidad que, en este contexto, presenta el tratamiento de la serie Lost.
Dimensiones de una masacre en la escuela: traducción intersemiótica en We need to talk about Kevin
Authors: Moreiras Diego A.
Published: October 2019

El presente trabajo aborda los procesos de transformación de la materia lingüística literaria en discurso cinematográfico a partir de un caso específico: We need to talk about Kevin, libro de Lionel Shriver y filme de Lynne Ramsay. Me interesa, en primer lugar, centrarme en las transformaciones que sufre la materia lingüística en su traducción intersemiótica a otra materialidad significante. Además, resulta pertinente, en segundo lugar, compartir algunas reflexiones sobre las disputas, consideradas en términos de lo político, en torno a la institución escolar construida en el libro y en el filme.
Роман-пародия „Мой дядя” Н. Г. Кузьмича и пушкинский роман в стихах "Евгений Онегин"
Authors: Warda Anna
Published: October 2019

Статья посвящена «лодзинской» переработке романа в стихах А. С. Пушкина Евгений Онегин. Произведение под названием Мой дядя было создано Н. Г. Кузьмичем (вероятно это был псевдоним) и опубликовано в 1896 году в издаваемой в Лодзи на русском языке газете «Лодзинский листок». Действие романа-пародии разыгрывается в Лодзи, а его героями являются: дядя, Татьяна и Евгений. В произведении находим отражение реалий промышленной Лодзи XIX века, а также намеки на знаменитый роман А. С. Пушкина.
Жанровое своеобразие пьесы Ю. Клавдиева „Победоносец”
Authors: Сафаргалеева Евгения
Published: October 2019

В статье рассматривается творчество одного из самых ярких и самобытных представителей «Новой Драмы» – драматурга Юрия Клавдиева (р. 1974). На позднем этапе творчества автор проявляет интерес к каноническим жанрам, в частности обращается к средневековому жанру «миракль», художественные принципы и поэтику которого он кладет в основу своей пьесы Победоносец [The Victorious One] (2015). В статье проводится анализ пьесы с учетом особенностей жанра «миракль», рассказывается о его влиянии на структуру и основную идею драматического произведения, а также на его восприятие читателем/зрителем.
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU AJAR MATA KULIAH PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM IPS TERPADU TERINTEGRASI ISLAM
Authors: Yasri Hayyun Lathifaty , Sari Ulfi Andrian
Published: October 2019

This study was done to answer a problem about the Islamic Curriculum Development leaning book wich still limited. So, this study aims to develop a Curriculum Development learning book with integrating the islamic values in it. This book was developed to be used as a reference book in the Curriculum Development Study in the Social Science Education Major, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. This study employed the development method by Dick & Carey that was reduced in 5 steps, there are: 1) need analysis, 2) material analysis, 3) learning book writing process, 4) expert judgment and it trial, and 5) revision. The result of this study is the arrangment of the learning book of Curriculum Development Study that was integrated with islamic values. The book was contents by: 1) preface, 2) table of contents, 3) material descriptions, 4) the summary, 5) learning exercise, and the last 6) bibliography.

Keywords: learning book; curriculum development; islamic integration.

 
Augmented reality applications: A Meta-analysis and thematic analysis
Authors: BATDI Veli , TALAN Tarık
Published: October 2019

﻿The purpose of this study
is to determine the effect of augmented reality (AR) applications on academic
success through meta-analytic and thematic analysis. 51 items from 45 studies
conducted between 2013 and 2019 were examined in different databases on the
effect size of AR in relation on academic success, education level, and
duration of the application. The effect size was found to exist at a medium
level, considered to be significant which means that AR has positive effect on
academic success. In terms of thematic analysis, with reference to common codes
and themes found in qualitative studies conducted both nationally and
internationally, qualitative findings were obtained. An emphasis on the effect
of AR on learning, class environment and affective dimensions was made,
together with a consideration of some limitations. It was stated that learning
environments could be arranged in such a way that students could be motivated
through the use of AR, leading to permanent and solid learning. Therefore,
careful and planned use of AR can be said to encourage success.
El Shahnamé de Ferdousí: la historia de Siyawush, desde su nacimiento hasta la prueba de fuego
Authors: Mohammadi Shirmahaleh Shekoufeh
Published: October 2019

El Shahnamé de Ferdousí es la épica nacional de Irán. La historia de Siyawsuh es uno de los pasajes más largos del libro y pertenece al ciclo heroico de la obra. La vida de Siyawush se puede dividir en tres momentos. Aquí ofrecemos una traducción al castellano del primer momento que narra su vida desde su nacimiento hasta su paso por el fuego.
Los significados de lo demoníaco: abstracciones del mal en la narrativa de Roberto el Diablo
Authors: Castro García Ricardo J.
Published: October 2019

En este artículo el autor identifica conceptos abstractos implícitos en las características concretas que configuran al protagonista de Roberto el Diablo. Estas nociones pueden ser la subversión, la disformidad, la desproporción o la pluralidad. Una vez analizadas, se reconocen en la caracterización del protagonista de la novela. De esta manera, se registran y desconfiguran representaciones del mal en la cultura occidental por medio de un popular y tradicional personaje del folclor europeo. Se trata, por tanto, de un estudio sobre las figuraciones de lo diabólico, y de su puesta en práctica en una obra española del siglo xvi.
Luis Ramírez de Lucena, Repetición de amores
Authors: García Álvarez Juan Pablo Mauricio
Published: October 2019

Luis Ramírez de Lucena, Repetición de amores, ed. de Fernando Gómez Redondo, Alcalá de Henares: Universidad de Alcalá, 2014, 149 pp. [Ficción sentimental, 5].
Obras en vertical: Liber de ascenso et descensus intellectus y Descenso y ascenso del alma por la belleza
Authors: Davis González Ana
Published: October 2019

El presente trabajo aborda la vinculación intertextual entre el ensayo Liber de ascenso et descensus intellectus (1304) de Ramón Llull (1232-1316) y Descenso y ascenso del alma por la belleza (1939) del argentino Leopoldo Marechal (1900-1970). La aproximación a ambos textos a partir de un análisis contrastivo pone en evidencia diversos aspectos relevantes para la literatura comparada: la recepción de un autor medieval en la producción de un escritor argentino del siglo xx y su consecuente relectura. Tal planteamiento descubre las fuentes de los simbolismos, imágenes e ideas filosóficas que Marechal ha tomado del mallorquín, actualizándolas en un ensayo de carácter moderno. El estudio consiste, pues, en una revalorización de la obra luliana y, su vez, en una descripción de las principales nociones metafísicas de la cosmovisión marechaliana.
Género, poder y lengua en los poemas de Florencia Pinar
Authors: Mirrer Louise
Published: October 2019

Con base en el análisis del poema “Destas aves su nación”, de Florencia de Pinar, se observa que las estrategias lingüísticas, el tratamiento al tema femenino y la propia labor en cuanto compositora o lectora son elementos interconectados que las escritoras emplean como medios de resistencia frente al dominio masculino.
Discurso político y novelesco en La gran conquista de ultramar
Authors: Benito-Vessels Carmen
Published: October 2019

Los intertextos novelados de la Gran Conquista de Ultramar (GCU), entre los que destaca la Leyenda del caballero del cisne, son historias independientes, “estorias unadas”, y su denominador común es la expresión de los objetivos políticos de Alfonso X, su patrocinador. Esta adopción narrativa (suma de historias) explicaría por qué la GCU ha recibido variados membretes genéricos. Benito-Vessels demuestra que la colección de “estorias unadas” de la GCU constituye un “ciclo” que podría tener otro título: Ciclode estorias de la Gran Conquista de Ultramar.En este ensayo se estudian los cuarenta y seis capítulos iniciales del primer libro y se hace particular énfasis en las “Estorias de Pedro el Ermitaño”. La mayoría de las “estorias” incluidas en la GCU apunta hacia la defensa del “fecho del imperio”. La GCU es una ficción estratégica dirigida a la realeza, en ella el discurso historiográfico pierde su independencia y la historiografía se ve, poco a poco, invadida por lo histórico imaginario.
La discusión medieval sobre la condición femenina (siglos VIII al XIII)
Authors: Saranyana Josep-Ignasi
Published: October 2019

Desde la Ilustración se habla de una contradicción en el corpus paulino entre los textos de Gálatas y de primera Corintios, que se refieren a la condición femenina. Los primeros se consideran profeministas y los segundos misóginos. La tradición cristiana desconoció esa supuesta oposición. Es más, aplicando la exégesis alegórica a Corintios, y apoyándose en una antropología trimembre (corpus, anima. noûs), armonizó las dos lecturas del corpus paulino y sostuvo que todo ese corpus es profeminista. La quiebra misógina de la teología cristiana se produjo muy tarde, a mediados del siglo XIII, cuando se conoció en el occidente latino todo el legado aristotélico y, sobre todo, la medicina greco-romana. San Alberto Magno y santo Tomás de Aquino son testigos de ese giro.
Agenesia de segundos premolares superiores e inferiores en un paciente pediátrico: Informe de caso. / Upper and lower second premolar agenesis in a pediatric patient: Case report.
Authors: Luna León Alfredo , Medina Medina Betsy Valeria , Vázquez de Lara Saavedra Lucero , Peral García Alejandra
Published: October 2019

Resumen: La agenesia es una alteración común en el desarrollo del hombre con una prevalencia de 3.5 a 8.8 %; excluyendo a los terceros molares, se presenta generalmente en pacientes femeninos y su etiología es multifactorial. Informe de caso: paciente femenino ASA I de 10 años de edad con ausencia de segundos premolares permanentes en ambos maxilares. Se realizó la rehabilitación integral y de acuerdo a la valoración por parte del área de Ortodoncia se efectuará el desgaste selectivo de los segundos molares temporales para conseguir la migración del primer molar permanente y con ello conservar la integridad del arco dental. Conclusión: Un diagnóstico preciso y oportuno puede ser realizado por medio de la radiografía panorámica; las opciones de tratamiento dependerán de la edad y tipo de oclusión con la finalidad de conservar la integridad de los arcos, brindar un desarrollo oclusal óptimo y una mejor calidad de vida.Palabras clave: Agenesia, premolares, diagnóstico, tratamiento.Abstract: Agenesis is a common alteration in the development of men with a prevalence of 3.5 to 8.8%; excluding third molars, usually occurs in female patients and the etiology is multifactorial. Case report: female patient ASA I of 10 years of age with absence of permanent second premolars in both maxillaries. Integral rehabilitation was performed and according to the assessment by the orthodontic area was carried out the selective grinding of the deciduous second molar to achieve the migration of the first permanent molar for preserve the integrity of the dental arch. Conclusion: A reliable and timely diagnosis can be made by means of panoramic radiography; the treatment options will depend on the age and type of occlusion whit the aim of preserve the integrity of the arches, provide an optimal occlusal development and a better quality of life.Key words:  Agenesis, premolars, diagnosis, treatment.
Perception of Environmental Spillovers across Scale in Climate Change Adaptation Planning: The Case of Small-Scale Farmers’ Irrigation Strategies, Kenya
Authors: Volenzo Tom , Odiyo John
Published: October 2019

The failure to acknowledge and account for environmental externalities or spillovers in climate change adaptation policy, advocacy and programming spaces exercabates the risk of ecological degradation, more so, degradation of land. In particular use of unsuitable water sources for irrigation may increase salinisation risks. However, little if any policy assessments and research effort has been directed at investigating how farmer perceptions mediate spillovers from the ubiquitous irrigation adaptation strategy. In this study cognitive failure and/or bias construct is examined and proposed as an analytical lens in research, policy and learning and the convergence of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation discourses. The findings from small-scale farmers, Machakos and Kakamega counties, Kenya, suggest multifaceted biases and failures about the existence and importance of externalities in adaptation planning discourses. Among other dimensions, cognitive failure which encompasses fragmented approaches among institutions for use and management of resources, inadequate policy and information support, as well as, poor integration of actors in adaptation planning accounts for adaptation failure. The failures in such Human-Environment system interactions have the potential to exercabate existing vulnerability of farmer production systems in the long run. The findings further suggest that in absence of risk message information dissemination, education level, farming experience and information accumulation, as integral elements to human capital, do not seem to have significant effect on behaviour about mitigation of environmental spillovers. Implicitly, reversing the inherent adaptation failures calls for system approaches that enhance coordinated adaptation planning, prioritises proactive mitigation of slow onset disaster risks and broadens decision support systems, such as, risk information dissemination integration into the existing adaptation policy discourses and practice.
Impact of Swift Heavy Ion (120 MeV, Ag9+) on Doped ZnO: Al Thin Film
Authors: Mishra Lakhmikanta , Kumar Vishvas , Singh Udai Pratap
Published: October 2019

In the present work, doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) thin film has been grown on Silicon (Si) substrate by DC sputtering. The obtained thickness of the film is 230 ± 5 nm. The films were subjected to swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation 120 MeV, Ag9+ with different fluences ranging from 3 × 1011 to 3 × 1013 ions/cm2. To study the impact of SHI, both pristine and irradiated samples were characterized to obtain the structural, surface morphological and electrical properties using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and hall effect measurement system respectively. From XRD results it is observed that there is change in crystallinity of the film with increase in irradiation fluence. The surface morphological studies through AFM shows the increase in surface roughness with increase in fluence. A significant change is also observed in electrical parameters viz conductivity, mobility and carrier concentration. Conductivity, mobility and carrier concentration decreases with increasing fluence.
Pengaruh Nilai Tukar, Tingkat Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Dan Tingkat Inflasi Terhadap Jakarta Islamic Index
Authors: Agustina Aqinatul Munawaroh , Naim Abdul Haris , S Surepno
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the rupiah exchange rate, economic growth and inflation on the Jakarta Islamic Index. This type of research is quantitative research with secondary data sources. The sampling method uses purposive sampling method. The data analysis method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that partially the rupiah exchange rate has a significant effect on the Jakarta Islamic Index while economic growth and inflation have no significant effect on the Jakarta Islamic Index. Simultaneously variables of the rupiah exchange rate, economic growth, and inflation significantly influence the Jakarta Islamic Index.
A New Model to Improve the Accuracy of Wellbore Pressure Calculation by Considering Gas Entrapment
Authors: Pan Shaowei , Sun Baojiang , Wang Zhiyuan , Fu Weiqi , Zhao Yang , Lou Wenqiang , Wang Junqi
Published: October 2019

Drilling fluid is a yield stress fluid, which can trap invading gas in the wellbore. The entrapment of gas leads to the decrease of ECD and the inaccuracy of wellbore pressure calculation during gas kick. This study established a mathematic model for predicting the ultimate gas entrapment concentration (UGEC) by coupling the stress field between multiple bubbles. The prediction model for UGEC is related to drilling fluid yield stress, the mean bubble size and the density difference. The UGEC is linearly with the dimensionless drilling fluid yield stress Bi (=τy/(ρm-ρg)gRb) and there is no gas can entrapped in the drilling fluid for Bi less than 0.143. Based on the UGEC model, a new method for calculating the wellbore pressure is established. The results of model simulation show that with the increase of the drilling fluid yield stress, the height of the invaded gas front and the peak value of the wellbore pressure decrease. Thus, we proposed to inject the high yield stress slug in the well bottom to minimize the damage caused by the gas invasion under the shut-in situation.
Length of Hospital Stay Is Associated with a Decline in Activities of Daily Living in Hemodialysis Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kamitani Tsukasa , Fukuma Shingo , Shimizu Sayaka , Akizawa Tadao , Fukuhara Shunichi
Published: October 2019

Background
The impact of length of hospital stay on activities of daily living (ADLs) has not specifically been investigated among dialysis patients. Therefore, we attempt to verify the association between the length of hospital stay and the decline in ADLs among hemodialysis patients.
Methods
This prospective cohort study used data from the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (J-DOPPS). We included 2,442 hemodialysis patients aged ³ 40 years from the J-DOPPS phase V (2012–2015) and subsequently excluded those who had already lost basic activities of daily living (BADLs) as demonstrated by dependency in at least three of the five BADLs at baseline and for whom changes in ADLs had been evaluated for less than 90 days. The main exposure was the cumulative length of hospital stay during the follow-up period. The primary outcomes were a decline in at least one of the five BADLs and eight instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). We compared risk ratios (RRs) for 30-day increments for hospital stays with 10-year increments for age and having diabetes.
Results
A total of 849 patients were included in the statistical analysis. The cumulative length of hospital stay was significantly associated with a risk of decline in ADLs (adjusted RRs [95% confidence intervals] per 30-day increments: 1.42 [1.15 to 1.75] for BADLs, 1.38 [1.13 to 1.68] for IADLs). The adjusted RRs [95% CI] for 10-year increments in age were 1.20 [0.96 to 1.50] and 1.21 [1.00 to 1.47]. The adjusted RRs [95% CI] for having diabetes were 1.36 [0.97 to 1.91] for BADLs and 1.38 [1.04 to 1.84] for IADLs.
Conclusion
The impact of a 30-day increment in the cumulative length of hospital stay on the decline in ADLs was comparable to that of a 10-year increase in age and having diabetes.
Do virtual renal clinics improve access to kidney care? an impact evaluation of a virtual clinic in east London
Authors: Hull Sally Ann , Rajabzadeh Vian , Thomas Nicola , Hoong Sec , Dreyer Gavin , Rainey Helen , Ashman Neil
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND Evidence from the UK national chronic kidney disease (CKD) audit, identifies deficits in the identification and management of CKD within primary care. Aligning the requirement of GPs for a responsive nephrology service, with the capacity of renal services and the need to prioritise patients with progressive disease requires a re-think of traditional models of care. Utilising the health data in the primary care electronic health record (EHR) to bridge the primary secondary divide is one way forward. METHODS We describe a novel community kidney service based in the renal department at Barts Health NHS Trust and four clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) in east London. An impact evaluation of the changes in service delivery used quantitative data from the virtual CKD clinic and from the primary care electronic health records (EHR) of 166 participating practices. Survey and interview data from health professionals were used to explore changes to working practices. RESULTS Analysis of the virtual clinic data shows a rapid rise in referrals. The majority (>80%) do not require a traditional face to face appointment but can be managed with advice to the referring clinician. The wait for a nephrology opinion fell from 64 to 5 days. The age adjusted referral rate was 2.5 per 1000 registered patients. Primary care clinicians expressed positive views including the rapid response to clinical queries, increased confidence in CKD management, improved access for patients unable to travel to clinic, and reported patient satisfaction. Nephrologists valued seeing the entire clinical record which improved clinical advice, but had concerns about the volume of referrals and changes to working practices. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to develop ‘virtual’ specialist services using shared access to the primary care EHR. Such services expand capacity to deliver timely advice based on a review of the entire EHR. To use both specialist and generalist expertise efficiently such services are best supported by community interventions which engage primary care clinicians in a data driven programme of service improvement.
The prognostic value of B7-H6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Huan , Dong Jun , Guo Liyi , Wang Xicheng , Wang Kailin , Cai Xiuyu , Yang Shu
Published: October 2019

Background : B7-h6, a member of the B7 family molecules, participates in the clearance of tumor cells by binding to NKp30 on NK cells. The expression of B7-H6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the clinical significance is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the expression of B7-H6 in ESCC and further explore its clinical significance.
Patients and methods: We retrospectively collected clinical data from 145 patients diagnosed with ESCC between January 2007 and December 2008. These patients had all previously undergone surgical treatment for esophageal cancer, were clearly diagnosed, and had not received chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In addition, pathological tissue samples from the 145 patients were collected to detect the expression of B7-H6 by immunohistochemistry. The chi-square (χ2) test was used to analyse the relationships between B7-H6 and clinicopathological characteristics. The prognosis of the patients was analysed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis.
Results: 133/145 (91.72%) of the ESCC tissue samples exhibited B7-H6 expression. The expression level of B7-H6 was correlated with T stage (P=0.036) and lymphatic metastasis status ( P =0.044). According to the results of the ROC curve analysis, H-score =90 was selected as the cut-off value. The 145 patients were divided into two groups, the high B7-H6 expression (H-score＞90) group and the low B7-H6 expression (H-score≤90) group. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that tumour size ( P =0.021), B7-H6 expression ( P =0.025) and lymphatic metastasis status ( P =0.049) were independent prognostic factors for ESCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test demonstrated that the patients with high B7-H6 expression ( P = 0.003), lymphatic metastasis ( P <0.001) or a tumour size ≥ 3.0 cm ( P = 0.001) had significantly worse survival than those with low B7-H6 expression, no lymphatic metastasis or a tumour size < 3.0 cm respectively.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that B7-H6 is widely expressed in ESCC samples. And B7-H6 may represent a predictor of poor prognosis for ESCC.
Keywords: B7-H6, Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, Immunohistochemistry, prognosis.
Inequity in healthcare needs, health service use and financial burden of medical expenditures in China: results from a consecutive household monitoring study in Jiangsu Province
Authors: Jiang Weixi , Xu Xiaolin , Tang Shenglan , Xu Ling , Zhang Yaoguang , Elbers Chris , Cobelens Frank , Yan Lijing
Published: October 2019

Background: Although public medical insurance covers over 95% of the population in China, disparities in health service use and out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure across income groups are still widely observed. This study aims to investigate the socio-economic disparities in perceived healthcare needs, informal care, formal care and payment for healthcare and explore their equity implication.
Methods: We assessed healthcare needs, service use and payment in 400 households in rural and urban areas in Jiangsu, China, and included only the adult sample (N=925). One baseline survey and 10 follow-up surveys were conducted during the 7-month monitoring period, and the Affordability Ladder Program (ALP) framework was adopted for data analysis. Negative binomial/zero-inflated negative binomial and logit regression models were used to explore factors associated with perceived needs of care and with the use of self-treatment, outpatient and inpatient care respectively. Two-part model and logit regression modeling were conducted to explore factors associated with OOP health expenditure and with the likelihood of incurring catastrophic health expenditure (CHE).
Results : After adjusting for covariates, rural residence was significantly associated with more perceived healthcare needs, more self-treatment, higher probability of using outpatient and inpatient service, more OOP health expenditure and higher likelihood of incurring catastrophic expenditure ( P <0.05). Compared to the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI), enrollment in the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) or in the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI) was correlated with lower probability of ever using outpatient services, but with more outpatient visits when people were at risk of using outpatient service ( P <0.05). NRCMS/URBMI enrollment was also associated with higher likelihood of incurring CHE compared to UEBMI enrollment (OR=2.02, P <0.05); in stratified analysis of the rural and urban sample this effect was only significant for the rural population.
Conclusions: The rural population in Jiangsu perceived more healthcare needs, had a higher probability of using both informal and formal healthcare services, and had more OOP health expenditure and a higher likelihood of incurring CHE. The inequity mainly exists in health care financing, and may be partially addressed through improving the benefit packages of NRCMS/URBMI.
Molecular subtyping improves prognostication of Stage 2 colorectal cancer
Authors: Purcell Rachel Violet , Schmeier Sebastian , Lau Yee Chen , Pearson John F , Frizelle Francis A
Published: October 2019

Background: Post-surgical staging is the mainstay of prognostic stratification for colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we compare TNM staging to consensus molecular subtyping (CMS) and assess the value of subtyping in addition to stratification by TNM.
Methods: Three hundred and eight treatment-naïve colorectal tumours were accessed from our institutional tissue bank. CMS typing was carried out using tumour gene-expression data. Post-surgical TNM-staging and CMS were analysed with respect to clinicopathologic variables and patient outcome.
Results : CMS alone was not associated with survival, while TNM stage significantly explained mortality. Addition of CMS to TNM-stratified tumours showed a prognostic effect in stage 2 tumours; CMS3 tumours had a significantly lower overall survival (P = 0.006). Stage 2 patients with a good prognosis showed immune activation and up-regulation of tumour suppressor genes.
Conclusions : Although stratification using CMS does not outperform TNM staging as a prognostic indicator, gene-expression based subtyping shows promise for improved prognostication in stage 2 CRC.
Genomic Diversity and Spatiotemporal Distributions of Lassa Virus Outbreaks in Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya Abdulwahid Abaukaka , Asgari Yazdan
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Lassa virus (LASV) is a single-negative strand RNA Arenavirus (genus Mammarenavirus), oriented in both negative and positive senses. Due to the increase in the fatality rate of deadly disease LASV caused (Lassa fever), widespread LASV in Nigeria has been a subject of interest. Following the upsurge of LASV endemicity in 2012, another marked incidence recorded in Nigeria, 2018, with 394 confirmed cases in 19 states, and an estimated 25% cases led to death. This study aimed at acquiring the genetic variation of LASV ancestral evolution with the evolvement of new strains in different lineage and its geographical distributions within a specific time of outbreaks through Bayesian inference, using genomic sequence across affected states in Nigeria.
Results
From the result, we were able to establish the relationship of Lassa mamarenavirus and other arenaviruses by classifying them into distinct monophyletic groups, i.e., the old world arenaviruses, new world arenaviruses, and Reptarenaviruses. Corresponding promoter sites for genetic expression of the viral genome were analyzed based on Transcription Starting Site (TSS), the S_Segment (MK291249.1) is about 2917–2947 bp and L_Segment (MH157036.1), is about1863–1894 bp long. LASV sequences obtained from different parts of Nigeria were genetically related. Benue, Imo, and Bauchi states represent the host etiology of the LASV. Spread across other neighboring states were based on genetic pedigree dated to previous outbreaks as at year 2008 to 2012. Phylogeography of recent transmission from the year 2017 to 2019 indicates vectors were fast spreading LASV from Ondo states to Delta, Edo, and Kogi states, while spread across northeastern states suggests a vector origin from Bauchi state.
Conclusions
The study outlined the path of transmission based on the genetic homology of the sampled LASV sequences in affected geographical locations. We suggest the federal government should initiate a vector surveillance program to curtails further spread of LASV, especially states bordering with northwestern states and north-central Nigeria.
Toric Intraocular Lens Implantation in Cataract Patients with Corneal Opacity.
Authors: Ra Ho , Hwang Ho Sik , Kim Hyun Seung , Kim Man Soo , Kim Eun Chul
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of toric intraocular lens implantation in cataract patient with corneal opacity and high astigmatism. Methods: 31 eyes of 31 patients who underwent cataract surgery with toric intraocular lens implantation were included. All patients had corneal opacity with astigmatism. Preoperative total corneal astigmatism was determined considering posterior astigmatism using a rotating Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam®: Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). At 2 months after toric intraocular lens implantation, we evaluated residual astigmatism, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results: Postoperative UCVA and BCVA (0.30 ± 0.17, 0.22 ± 0.16LogMAR) statistically improved compared to preoperative UCVA and BCVA (1.2 ± 0.34, 1.1 ± 0.30LogMAR, respectively) (P<0.01). Postoperative residual refractive astigmatism (1.2 ± 0.35D) was statistically reduced compared to preoperative refractive astigmatism (2.4 ± 0.65D) (P<0.05). Preoperative and postoperative total corneal astigmatism values were not statistically different. All cases achieved visual acuity were as good as or better than that preoperatively. The percentage of corneal opacity covering pupillary area had significant negative correlation with postoperative UCVA and BCVA (logMAR) (R=-0.88 P<0.00001 and R=-0.87 P<0.00001, respectively) Conclusion: Toric intraocular lens implantation can improve UCVA, BCVA, and refractive astigmatism in cataract patient with corneal opacity. The percentage of central corneal opacity covering pupillary area is the major prognostic factor for postoperative visual improvement. Therefore, toric intraocular lens implantation should be considered for cataract patients who have corneal opacity with high astigmatism.
A Case Report of two siblings with Alstrom syndrome without hearing loss associated with two new ALMS1 variants
Authors: Shurygina Maria Fedorovna , Parker Maria A. , Schlechter Catie , Chen Rui , Li Yumei , Weleber Richard G. , Yang Paul , Pennesi Mark E.
Published: October 2019

Background Alström syndrome (AS) is a rare monogenic disorder characterized by progressive multi-organ pathology including retinal degeneration, hearing impairment and type 2 diabetes. Here we present clinical features in two siblings diagnosed with Alström syndrome associated with novel biallelic changes in ALMS1. Case presentation Two siblings originally diagnosed as having achromatopsia presented with mild light sensitivity, nonspecific otitis media, and mild developmental delay during the first decade of life with a relatively stable ocular appearance during second decade, late onset of nystagmus and dyschromatopsia (after 20 years) and preserved vision during the third decade of life. One sibling had late onset hearing loss and both siblings had symmetric high myopia, normal stature, and ptosis. Clinical findings revealed structural and functional tests consistent with a cone-rod dystrophy. Novel variants c.9894dupC (p.S3298fs) and c.10769delC (p.T3590fs) in ALMS1 gene were found. Conclusions Two North American siblings who presented with a mild clinical phenotype of Alström syndrome were found to have novel mutations in ALMS1. These two frame-shift mutations segregated with the disease phenotype lending evidence to their pathogenicity.
Changes in choroidal thickness in advanced diabetic retinopathy treated with pan-retinal photocoagulation using a pattern scanning laser versus a conventional laser
Authors: Park Nari , Kim Jee Taek
Published: October 2019

Background : To compare the effect of pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) using pattern scanning or conventional laser on subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT).
Methods : Thirty-eight patients (64 eyes) with advanced diabetic retinopathy (DR) who underwent PRP using pattern scanning or conventional laser were included. Changes in SFChT were compared with baseline values at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after PRP using swept-source optical coherence tomography.
Results : The conventional laser group showed statistically significant decrease in SFChT at 1, 3, 6, and 12 month after PRP ( P <0.001). SFChT was significantly decreased at 3 ( P = 0.025), 6 ( P = 0.004), and 12 months ( P < 0.001) after treatment in the pattern laser group.
Conclusion : Eyes with advanced DR showed a significant reduction in SFChT over 12 months regardless of the type of laser used; however, the reduction was sooner after conventional laser than after pattern laser.
Exceptional Chern-Simons-Matter dualities
Authors: Cordova Clay , Hsin Po-Shen , Ohmori Kantaro
Published: October 2019

We use conformal embeddings involving exceptional affine Kac-Moody
algebras to derive new dualities of three-dimensional topological field
theories. These generalize the familiar level-rank duality of
Chern-Simons theories based on classical gauge groups to the setting of
exceptional gauge groups. For instance, one duality sequence we discuss
is (E_{N})_{1}\leftrightarrow SU(9-N)_{-1}(EN)1↔SU(9−N)−1.
Others such as SO(3)_{8}\leftrightarrow PSU(3)_{-6},SO(3)8↔PSU(3)−6,
are dualities among theories with classical gauge groups that arise due
to their embedding into an exceptional chiral algebra. We apply these
equivalences between topological field theories to conjecture new
boson-boson Chern-Simons-matter dualities. We also use them to determine
candidate phase diagrams of time-reversal invariant
G_{2}G2
gauge theory coupled to either an adjoint fermion, or two fundamental
fermions.
İSVİÇRE’DE HUKUK UYUŞMAZLIKLARININ ALTERNATİF YOLLARLA ÇÖZÜMLENMESİ KAPSAMINDA TAHKİM VE ARABULUCULUK İLE İSVİÇRE ODALARI TAHKİM KURUMUNUN ÖNERDİĞİ İSVİÇRE TİCARİ ARABULUCULUK KURALLARINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: IŞIK Serpil
Published: October 2019

Son günlerde, tarafların
aralarındaki uyuşmazlıkları dava ederek çözümlemek yerine, alternatif
uyuşmazlık çözüm yöntemlerine müracaat etmek suretiyle ortadan kaldırma
konusundaki ilgisi giderek artmaktadır. İsviçre’nin tarafsız bir devlet olması,
dostane hizmetlerin sunumunda yıllardan beri büyük bir ün kazanmasını
sağlamıştır. Bu sebeple çalışmamızda, öncelikle İsviçre’nin uyuşmazlıkların
çözümünde üstlendiği rol ifade edilerek İsviçre Hukukunda alternatif uyuşmazlık
çözüm yolları kapsamında uygulamada sıklıkla müracaat edilen tahkim, uzlaştırma
ve arabuluculuk bakımından kabul edilen genel düzenlemelere değinilecektir. Bu
çerçevede, İsviçre Hukuk sisteminde öngörülen iç tahkim, milletlerarası tahkim
ve kurumsal tahkim düzenlemeleri hakkında açıklamalarda bulunulacak, sonrasında
ise, özel olarak, İsviçre Odaları Tahkim Kurumunun (Swiss Chambers’ Arbitration
Institution “SCAI”) öngördüğü İsviçre Ticari Arabuluculuk Kuralları (Swiss
Rules of Commercial Mediation “SRCM”) açıklanarak kurumsal arabuluculuk
düzenlemelerinin değerlendirilmesi yoluna gidilecektir. Böylelikle, tarafsız
bir devlet olarak pek çok ülke arasından öne çıkan ve uygulamacılar tarafından
hukuki düzenlemeleri sıklıkla tercih edilen İsviçre’nin hukuk uyuşmazlıklarının
alternatif yollarla çözümlenmesi konusundaki yaklaşımı ile buna ilişkin hukuki
düzenlemeleri hakkında genel bir bakış açısı yaratılmaya çalışılacaktır.
Cheese whey as potential resource for antimicrobial edible film and active packaging production
Authors: Isfari Dinika , Isfari Dinika , Gemilang Lara Utama , Gemilang Lara Utama
Published: October 2019

Many cheese manufacturers still have not utilized cheese whey that damages to the environment as it is directly been drained into waters. Cheese whey can be used as active packaging material to prolong the shelf-life of food products. Fermented cheese whey contains bioactive peptides which are able to improve the functional properties of cheese whey as an antimicrobial agent. The combination of cheese whey with polysaccharides, lipid, and other additional ingredients can improve the physical characteristics of the active packaging in the form of edible film. Around 20-45% of plasticizer will expose the film formed. Cheese whey with agro-industrial waste starch-based formulation can be used as an alternative way to produce an antimicrobial edible film as an active packaging. The film has shown acceptable physical characteristics and high antimicrobial activity, which makes it possible to extend the shelf life of food products. An advanced process, for example, the use of transglutaminase enzyme and Candida tropicalis mutant, is also effective. The result of that is the formation of the essential compound which can improve the active packaging quality. The utilisation of cheese whey and agro-industrial waste based on starch contributes significantly to the environmental conservation.
Mechanically activated hydrolysis of plant-derived proteins in food industry
Authors: Gavrilova Karina , Bychkov Aleksey , Bychkova Elena , Akimenko Zoya , Chernonosov Aleksandr , Kalambet Yurii , Lomovskii Oleg
Published: October 2019

A poor consumption of important nutrients triggered a public interest in functional foods that contain easy-to-digest proteins. The present research features fractionation, mechanical activation, and enzymatic hydrolysis of pea protein. According to modern chemical methods, the protein content in the original pea biomass was 24.3% and its molecular weight distribution (MWD) was 5–135 kDa. Fractionation, or protein displacement, resulted in four fractions of biopolymers with different chemical composition, i.e. a different content of protein and carbohydrate molecules. The paper introduces some data on the enzymatic transformations of the substrate. A set of experiments made it possible to define the optimal conditions for the mechanical activation of pea biomass with proteolytic enzymes. The enzymes were obtained from Protosubtilin G3x, a complex enzyme preparation. When the substrate and the enzymes were mechanically activated together, it produced mechanocomposite, an intermediate product with increased reactivity. It increased the specific surface area by 3.2 times and doubled the crystallinity of the substrate. As a result, the rate and yield of the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis increased from 18% to 61%. The study determined the capacity of the substrate in relation to the enzyme preparation. Under optimal conditions, the pea hydrolysis destroyed protein molecules within two hours. After four hours of hydrolysis, no changes were detected. A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed non-hydrolysed protein molecules with MW ≈ 20 kDa. Presumably, they corresponded with legumin, which is resistant to neutral and alkaline proteases. The resulting hydrolysates were spray-dried to test their potential use as a food component. The product obtained by spray-drying had a monomodal distribution of particle sizes of spherical shape with adiameter of 5–20 μm.
Ultrasonic and microwave activation of raspberry extract: antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties
Authors: Eremeeva Natalia , Makarova Nadezhda , Zhidkova Ekaterina , Maximova Varvara , Lesova Ekaterina
Published: October 2019

Safe and healthy nutrition has a beneficial effect on human well-being. Various foods, such as berries, are known to inhibit cancer-promoting pre-proliferative signals. Among European fruit and berry crops, raspberries demonstrate one with the widest ranges of biologically active substances. Extraction remains a reliable method of obtaining biologically active substances from plant materials. The research objective was to obtain a semi-finished raspberry product by using microwave and ultrasonic processing and to study its antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, sensory, physico-chemical, and microbiological properties. The raspberry extracts were obtained by maceration, ultrasound treatment, and microwave processing. After that, the samples underwent a comparative analysis of their antioxidant properties. The ultrasonic method gave the best results. A set of experiments made it possible to define the optimal technological modes for the extraction process: ethanol = 50%, ultrasonic radiation = 35 kHz, temperature = 40 ± 5°C, time = 120 min, water ratio = 1:10. A set of experiments on cell cultures demonstrated that the raspberry extract was able to reduce the expression of the anti-inflammatory COX-2, iNOS, and IL-8 genes. Hense, we recommend further studies of the effect of the raspberry extract on the induced expression of COX-2, iNOS, and IL-8. In addition, its anticarcinogenic properties have to be studied in vivo.
Degradation of β-Lactoglobulin during sourdough bread production
Authors: Savkina Olesya , Parakhina Olga , Lokachuk Marina , Pavlovskaya Elena , Khlestkin Vadim
Published: October 2019

The research featured various types and strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast. The research objective was to study their ability to utilize β-lactoglobulin during sourdough fermentation. The present paper also described the effect of sourdough fermentation and baking on β-lactoglobulin degradation. A set of experiments with various types and strains of LAB showed that β-lactoglobulin decreased in gluten-free sourdough with 30%, 60%, and 90% of skimmed milk powder (SMP). L.plantarum E36 demonstrated the highest biodegradation of β-lactoglobulin (by 53%) with SMP = 30%. L.helveticus ATCC8018T showed the lowest content of β-lactoglobulin with SMP = 60% and 90%: the content fell by 48% and 40%, respectively. The largest decrease in the content of β-lactoglobulin was observed in the sourdough with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 17 (by 28–42%) and Candida milleri Pushkinsky (by 25–41%). The content of total protein increased, which was not associated with yeast biomass growth. The content was determined after fermentation in sourdoughs with SMP = 60% and 90% using a bicinchoninic acid reagent kit. The content of β-lactoglobulin in the control and experimental samples did not exceed 1 μg/g in the finished bakery products. This fact indicated a significant effect of thermal treatment on β-lactoglobulin degradation in baking. Thus, temperature processing (baking) had a greater impact on the destruction of β-lactoglobulin than enzymatic processing (fermentation).