bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buenas prácticas para la conservación y revitalización del patrimonio conventual de Toledo
Authors: González-Varas Ibáñez Ignacio
Published: October 2021

El patrimonio conventual presenta unos rasgos distintivos que lo singularizan y entre los que nos interesa destacar los dos siguientes: en primer lugar, se trata de un patrimonio que, cuando aún permanece vivo, se vincula de modo estrecho e indisociable a las comunidades de religiosos/as que lo habitan; y, por otro lado, en aquellas ciudades en las que este patrimonio asume un peso muy significativo, y que por eso mismo han sido caracterizadas en algunos momentos de su historia como «ciudades conventuales», estos edificios forman una «red patrimonial» que ha contribuido de modo decisivo a la formación de la estructura e imagen de la ciudad. Cuando confluyen ambas características, como es el caso muy significativo del patrimonio conventual de Toledo, pensamos que, más allá de la problemática específica que presenta cada edificio histórico o cada comunidad religiosa (y que, por supuesto, requerirá de estudios y tratamientos individualizados), es necesario partir de una consideración en conjunto de este patrimonio y considerar la agrupación de edificios conventuales como un «sistema patrimonial». En este texto queremos plantear un conjunto de buenas prácticas que se derivan para la conservación y revitalización del patrimonio conventual de Toledo, especialmente en cuanto implantación de una novedosa metodología de estudio de este patrimonio que tienen en cuenta su condición de «sistema» y como aportaciones para atender a las necesidades derivadas de sus tres situaciones posibles, esto es, conventos con comunidad activa, conventos recientemente extinguidos y conventos cuya comunidad ha desaparecido hace tiempo y que han reutilizados para otros usos y funciones.
La Ruta 66 en Estados Unidos: allanando el camino para la protección y gestión de las carreteras históricas
Authors: Barthuli Kaisa , Romero Taylor Michael
Published: October 2021

La famosa Ruta 66 se extiende por, aproximadamente, 3.900 km, desde Chicago hasta Santa Mónica. Se trata de una mítica carretera que ha contribuido de manera significativa al desarrollo y a la iconografía de Estados Unidos en el siglo XX. Reconociendo los valores patrimoniales de la Ruta 66 (también llamada The Mother Road o La carretera madre), el Congreso de los Estados Unidos ha establecido un programa a través del Servicio de Parques Nacionales para proveer soporte técnico y financiación que permitan la adecuada conservación de esta vía. El programa sienta un precedente en el reconocimiento de la importancia de las carreteras como hitos de la evolución tecnológica, del transporte y del comercio en Estados Unidos. El programa trabaja con numerosas entidades privadas, sin ánimo de lucro, tanto locales como estatales, nacionales y federales, para concienciar sobre la relevancia histórica de la Ruta 66, la necesidad de establecer medidas para su conservación y las oportunidades económicas que su puesta en valor puede plantear en términos de turismo. Precisamente, con el presente artículo se pretende analizar las estrategias que, tanto el Servicio de Parques Nacionales como otras instituciones, están desarrollando para la protección, gestión y promoción de esta histórica ruta.
Energía y medioambiente para la habitabilidad en la ciudad histórica de Santiago de Compostela, 1994-2012
Authors: Panero Pardo Ángel
Published: October 2021

El artículo hace un recorrido sintético y subjetivo por el proceso de recuperación urbana de la ciudad histórica de Santiago de Compostela puesto en marcha tras su reconocimiento como Patrimonio de la Humanidad en 1985. En función de la complejidad de este proceso de recuperación del patrimonio en el marco de un proyecto general para la ciudad completa, que asumía simultáneamente en aquel momento la designación como capital de Galicia, el texto aborda algunas de las claves del proceso y del conocimiento adquirido durante su ejecución. Tras referir una última década del siglo XX que incorporó la consideración específica y central de las circunstancias de la vida cotidiana de los habitantes que resistían en la ciudad histórica, el texto se centra en el periodo 2006-2012, en el que se trató de construir una propuesta de recuperación urbana donde la ciudad histórica se contempla más como un ecosistema que como un monumento.Este intento de reformular la recuperación urbana de una ciudad patrimonio de la humanidad ensayado en Santiago de Compostela, y la estimulante construcción de nuevos discursos urbanos que genera, se debe entender coherente con la Recomendación sobre Paisaje Urbano Histórico UNESCO del año 2011 y con los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible definidos en 2015 por la ONU. El artículo pretende evidenciar el esfuerzo por transformar el discurso tradicional de la conservación del patrimonio urbano, anclado en ocasiones en criterios ambientalistas decimonónicos, tratando de vincularlo con estrategias de conservación del cambio continuo característico de cualquier “ciudad viva”.
Hispania Nostra premia a través de tres categorías las buenas prácticas en la conservación del patrimonio cultural y natural
Authors: Zárate Martín Antonio
Published: October 2021

Desde 2011 la asociación Hispania Nostra junto con la Fundación Banco Santander convocan los premios a las buenas prácticas en conservación del patrimonio cultural y natural con el objetivo de destacar proyectos y actuaciones ejemplares de salvaguarda. Las candidaturas cada vez más numerosas consolidan unos galardones que se extienden más allá de la puesta en valor patrimonial, premiando la importancia que estas acciones tienen en relación al desarrollo sostenible, el crecimiento económico, la mejora de la calidad de vida y del medioambiente. Presentamos las actuaciones ganadoras en 2021.
Cultura, desarrollo sostenible y creatividad: una reflexión desde la Red Española para el Desarrollo Sostenible (REDS)
Authors: Martinell Sempere Alfons
Published: October 2021

¿Se puede concebir el desarrollo sostenible sin tener en cuenta las múltiples dimensiones culturales? ¿Qué se entiende por sostenibilidad desde la cultura, las políticas culturales contemporáneas y la gestión cultural profesional? ¿Cómo sensibilizar a los profesionales de la cultura para incorporar la sostenibilidad a sus valores y principios? Alfons Martinell, director de la Comunidad de conocimiento y práctica sobre Cultura y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Red Española para el Desarrollo Sostenible (REDS) nos plantea estas preguntas, al tiempo que reflexiona sobre la ausencia de un objetivo cultural entre los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) y nos invita a trabajar para una mayor integración del sector cultural en las dinámicas que está generando la Agenda 2030.
CREhAR en la era digital. La primera cátedra UNESCO en el campo emergente del patrimonio contemporáneo
Authors: Loren-Méndez Mar
Published: October 2021

En 2019 la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) establece en Andalucía, en la Universidad de Sevilla la Cátedra UNESCO Built Urban Heritage in the Digital Era CREhAR (Creative Research and Education in heritage Assessment and Regeneration). Polo de excelencia y de innovación, en el campo emergente del patrimonio contemporáneo, CREhAR es la primera Cátedra UNESCO del mundo especializada en patrimonio contemporáneo: a pesar de haberse construido durante los siglos XIX y XX más que en el resto de la historia de la Humanidad, la baja apreciación social y protección institucional de este patrimonio más modesto e invisibilizado lo hacen muy vulnerable y en alto riesgo de desaparición. UNESCO ya apunta a este problema a finales del siglo pasado, y señala así al patrimonio contemporáneo como espacio de oportunidad. Puente entre la academia, la comunidad y los responsables públicos: universidades, instituciones públicas, empresas privadas, asociaciones no gubernamentales y otras cátedras UNESCO conforman en la actualidad la red internacional de vocación local de la Cátedra UNESCO CREhAR, incluyendo el Instituto Andaluz de Patrimonio Histórico IAPH.

 Como estrato fundamental de cada cultura, el patrimonio se aborda desde el diálogo en los diferentes países, clave para identificar la singularidad patrimonial, asegurando la protección internacional de la diversidad cultural, promoviendo así el respeto por todas las culturas y velando por la singularidad de cada territorio. Se alinea con las distintas declaraciones y prioridades de los programas UNESCO, en la línea innovadora de la Cultura y Patrimonio como vector fundamental de los objetivos mundiales de desarrollo sostenible. CREhAR afronta este reto y lo aborda desde la cooperación internacional en igualdad de mujeres y hombres, y en el marco actualizado de los estudios patrimoniales. Poniendo el énfasis en la necesaria integración conceptual de las nuevas tecnologías y el desarrollo metodológico, la creatividad constituye la base, la envolvente para el diseño de procesos particularizados a estos patrimonios en emergencia.
Curve Couples of Bézier Curves in Euclidean 2-Space
Authors: CEYLAN Ayşe Yılmaz
Published: October 2021

The goal of this paper is to characterize the evolute, involute and parallel curves of a Bezier curve which is applicable to computer graphics and related subjects. Especially, these curve couples are investigated at the endpoints. Moreover, the curvatures of these curve couples are given.
Scientific bases of classification of arable lands on productivity of soils for cultivation of the basic agricultural crops
Authors: Dobriak D. , Drebot O. , Melnyk P.
Published: October 2021

The article highlights the theoretical and methodological approaches to the classification of arable land by the suitability of soils for growing major crops, which are based on environmentally friendly use of agricultural land, which is now considered as the basis for the development of society as a whole. Methodological basis of this doctrine is the demands of plants to environmental factors, the need for various resources (light, heat, humidity, etc.) and their response to their combination of conditions, including the idea of optimum, ecological amplitudes of limiting factors, plasticity or adaptation. The ecological assessment of the territory itself is considered as a suitability for intensive (ie as part of arable soils) use and as an assessment of the fertility factors inherent in this territory. This is an analysis of the territory in terms of compliance of factors with the basic requirements of plants. When the requirements of plants do not meet the external conditions, the question arises about the unsuitability of the territory for the plant or the need to adapt the conditions to plants or, conversely, plants to environmental conditions. Until now, scientific and practical work on this issue was aimed at determining the relationship of indicators-scores or non-cost indicators. In this case, we are talking about the concomitant study of a set of natural conditions, ie the ecosphere, in relation to the agrobiological characteristics of certain plant species, including crops. The solution of this problem is recommended in the following stages: carrying out natural-agricultural zoning of the territory; generalization of agrobiological requirements of plants to the environment; agro-climatic substantiation of placement of agricultural crops and allocation of zones of their cultivation; development of soil assessment scales in accordance with the cultivation of crops; development of tables of classifications of arable lands according to the suitability of soils for growing major crops; determining the suitability of land, analysis of the actual location of crops and opportunities for improvement.
Institutional support for the development of resource potential of the forestry of the Podilsk economic region
Authors: Yaremko O.
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes and reveals the basis of institutional approaches in the forest sector. The issue of forest resource potential in the regional context is revealed in detail and the economic factors that cr-eate conditions for its development are identified. The theoretical substantiation of economic zoning of territories is covered. The stages of development of the mechanism of the state support of forestry of the Podilskyi economic region are offered.
Influence of road conditions on vehicles’ fuel consumption
Authors:   National Transport University, Dodukh Kateryna , Palchyk Anton ,   National Transport University
Published: October 2021

The work is devoted to the solution of the issue of economic and safe transportation of goods and passengers by road. This transportation depends on the condition of roads, road surface, vehicle type and weather conditions. Weather conditions are taken into account both in terms of visibility (meteorological) and in terms of the coefficient of adhesion. The general criterion for assessing all conditions is the average speed of the vehicle, taking into account weather and road conditions. Weather conditions are determined by the type of visibillity: clear weather, rain, snowfall, blizzards, rain. By the coefficient of adhesion: dry surface, normal, wet, snow, ice. By road conditions: category of road, width of the travel section, radii of horizontal curves, longitudinal slopes, width of the road, the state of surface (coefficient of solidity). According to weather conditions, the calendar year is divided into three periods according to the conditions of cars’ movement. The first (winter) - December, January, February, March; second (spring-summer) - April, May, July, June, August; third (autumn) - September, October, November. The use of weather conditions in the Northern regions of Ukraine is presented in this work.
TEACHER AND STUDENT STRESS RESISTANCE ANALYSIS IN DISTANCE EDUCATION PERIOD
Authors: Petrova Lyudmila G. , Karavaev Alexander A. , Grigoriev Dmitry O.
Published: October 2021

The article describes the teachers and students’ pandemic causes of stress during distance learning. The methods of increasing stress resistance are considered.
THE ROLE OF INNOVATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FORMATION OF LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL SKILLS WHEN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Pleshivtseva Elena Yu.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the use of innovation technologies in the educational process, in particular, when teaching a foreign language. It is shown that the modern educational process is provided by the interaction of its participants through the electronic information and educational environment integrated with the Windows operational system and Zoom platform for more efficient implementation of educational goals. In teaching a foreign language such innovation technologies as blog technologies, means of asynchronous and synchronous Internet communication, linguistic corpus, electronic dictionaries and translators have a great didactic potential, helping to form lexical and grammatical skills when working with a specialized text.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT TRAINING IN MASTER PROGRAMS
Authors: Ganagina Irina G.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the implementation of project-based training in master program in Geodesy and remote sensing, the profile «Geodesic support for sustainable development of territories» in the study of geodesic disciplines. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of project development by full- and part-time students. The justification of the possibility of developing projects, taking into account the need to solve real problems in the regions, is given. Examples of the implementation of project-based learning in the development of disciplines, allowing to demonstrate the acquired competencies in the learning process, are given.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT-BASED TRAINING AT THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS OF SSUGT
Authors: Karmanov Igor N.
Published: October 2021

The experience of the Department of Physics of SSUGT, as a general education department, in the field of implementing the elements of project-based learning in the educational process is analyzed. The possibilities of transition from micro- and mini-projects to full-scale projects by opening its own bachelor degree program are considered.
COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATION OF THE EVAPORTIVE AIR COOLING PROCESS IN A SUBWAY TUNNEL
Authors: Alferova Elena L.
Published: October 2021

The paper shows the possibility of using evaporative cooling of air by spraying water directly in the tunnel. The solution of the problem of modeling the process of removing heat excess from the air during the phase transition of water from the liquid state to the gaseous in the conditions of the metro tunnel is carried out. It is shown that using method significantly reduces the requirements for ventilation equipment in comparison with the method of removing heat surpluses only by mechanical ventilation. When using evaporative cooling method of removing heat surpluses in a subway tunnel, the maximum air flow rate of one fan will be 67.5 m/s with 104 kW power, the power of the pump equipment will be nearly 50 kW, with a water flow rate 1.5 m per hour. When removing heat surpluses only by ventilation, the air flow rate of one fan (with two fans in parallel work) will be up to 269 m/s, and the power will be 727 kW.
ON AIR FLOW STRUCTURE IN STATION VENTILATION CONNECTIONS OF SUBWAYS
Authors: Kiyanitsa Lavrentiy A. , Lugin Ivan V. , Krasyuk Alexander M.
Published: October 2021

One of the important microclimatic criteria for the comfort and safety of passenger transportation in subways is dust concentration in passenger and staff area. It is known that fine dust concentration in subways is significantly exceeded relative to the permissible regulatory level. To reduce the dust concentration to the maximum allowable level, it is necessary to filter the tunnel air not only for the systems of local ventilation of staff rooms, but also for tunnel ventilation and general ventilation of passenger rooms at the stations. It is better to install filters in station ventilation connections, since significant circulating air flows pass through them. To determine the type and parameters of filters, it is required to know the magnitude and direction of an airflow rate, i.e. the structure of its velocity field. Due to the complex topology and presence of separation zones, the airflow structure, gradient of air velocities in the cross-section of ventilation connections and, accordingly, justification of filter installation locations in a ventilation connection requires a separate study. The paper substantiates a decomposition approach to mathematical modeling of aerodynamic processes by transition from a linear open-loop model of the subway line to a closed circular one; geometric parameters of the adopted design model; mathematical statement of the problem. Computational aerodynamics methods allowed determining the minimum, average and maximum projections of air velocity on the normal to the cross section of a ventilation connection and air flows through this cross section. This makes it possible to justify the requirements for the placement and operating parameters of the filtration equipment.
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF POROPERM PROPERTIES ANISOTROPY USING ARTIFICIAL GEOMATERIALS
Authors: Nazarova Larisa A. , Nesterova Galina V. , Nazarov Leonid A.
Published: October 2021

The reservoir properties (reservoir properties) of reservoir rocks depend not only on the petrophysical characteristics of the formation, but also on the stresses acting in the rock mass. The redistribution of the latter during drilling causes the occurrence of permeability anisotropy in the near-wellbore zone, which affects not only the flow characteristics of the wells, but also the process of penetration of the drilling mud filtrate into the formation. This should be taken into account when building a geomechanical-electrohydrodynamic model of the near-wellbore space. The results of filtration tests of regularly inhomogeneous cylindrical samples made of artificial geomaterial are presented and a method for synthesizing the dependence of the effective permeability on the polar angle based on the solution of the coefficient inverse problem is proposed. The obtained dependencies added to the database of reservoir properties of rocks used for inversion of GIS data for quantitative assessment of reservoir properties, an example of which is presented in this article.
TO THE PROBLEM OF DEVELOPING NEW METHODS FOR ESTIMATING THE MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF FOCAL ZONES OF CATASTROPHIC EVENTS IN CARBON BEDS
Authors: Oparin Viktor N. , Kiryaeva Tatiana A.
Published: October 2021

The article shows that the problem of safe mining is largely related to ideas about the mechanisms of interaction of nonlinear geomechanical and physicochemical mass-gas exchange processes in multiphase coal-rock massifs. For the first time, a complex of generalizing analytical, experimental laboratory and field studies at the regional level, carried out by the authors, made it possible to establish that in modern conditions, with the development of deep horizons, the role of rock pressure, temperature and geostructural factors, as well as the presence of an increasing influence of the seismic background from earthquakes and technological explosions. A numerical simulation method and an original experimental system for determining the regularity of the decay of this two-phase flow were developed by Chinese and Russian specialists taking into account the influence of the gas expansion energy on the propagation characteristics of a mixture of pulverized coal and gas. The analytical basis for describing the established deterministic relationships between the existing nonlinear geomechanical and physicochemical processes in stressed coal-bearing massifs was the establishment of an operator correspondence between the physicochemical equation of I. Langmuir and the kinematic equation of V.N. Oparin for pendulum waves.
INTEGRATION POTENTIAL OF MICROSEISMIC ANALYSIS AND GEOPHYSICAL METHODS. GAS CONDENSATE FIELD CASE STUDY
Authors: Khogoeva Ekaterina E. , Khogoev Evgeny A.
Published: October 2021

This study is devoted to an analysis of microseisms registered on gas-condensate field area. Presence of seismic emission effect on a part of the area is demonstrated. A microseismic anomaly is outlined in NW part of the area and proves correct by 3 seismic CDP profiles and interpreted as a reservoir. The results of the special processing was compared to the results of a set of other geophysical methods. Correlation between the found anomaly and an anomaly found with aerogamma-specrtometry is shown. The results can be used in an integrated interpretation of geophysical data for oil and gas reservoirs of both structural as nonstructural types.
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF PARAMETERS OF HEAVY GRAVITY PNEUMATIC HAMMERS FOR CASING PIPE RAMMING IN SOIL
Authors: Tambovtsev Pavel N.
Published: October 2021

Vertical penetration of steel pipes with a diameter of 530-1420 mm and to 100-150 m long in soil requires high blow energy (10-100 kJ). Design of the percussion machines using the available pneumatic hammers is constrained due to the high flow rate of an energy source required. It is of the current concern to design an air-driven percussive tool capable to ensure high blow energy at low flow rate of compressed air. This study describes the testing data of a breadboard model of a new gravity pneumatic hammer. The operating mode of the model hammer is studied, and the blow energies, blow frequencies and compressed air flow rates are evaluated as functions of air pressure in the main line. The tests proved stability of cycling operation of the model tool at the high blow energy and low flow rate of the energy source at the main line pressure of 0.36-0.77 MPa. Using the dynamic similarity criteria, the standard sizes of heavy pneumatic hammers are developed, their blow energy and air flow rate are determined, and the efficiency is evaluated.
ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF RESOURCE-TYPE REGIONS BASED ON THE PANEL DATA MODEL
Authors: Miloserdova Darya S. , Provornaya Irina V.
Published: October 2021

The article studies the influence of the resource status of regions on the formation of the country's budget based on the tools of the panel data model. The article reviews the Russian and foreign literature, systematizes methodological approaches to the concept of "resource-type region", and identifies the most significant factors that affect the socio-economic life of the regions where GRP was selected as a dependent variable. As a result of the work, it was shown how the characteristics of the regions change depending on their affiliation.
INFLUENCE OF JET FAN INSTALLED ON A CUTTER-LOADER ON AIR DRAG IN VERY LONG LONGWALL PANELS
Authors: Pavlov Stanislav A.
Published: October 2021

The article presents studies into aerodynamic processes in very long longwall panels. The computations in ANSYS using the finite volume method show that air drag in longwalls varies versus position of the longwall mining system in the panel. Enhancement of ventilation efficiency in longwalls requires reduction in air drag. The longwall air drag is governed by the air drags of the powered roof support and cutter-loader. The latter have very large dimensions which are technologically unchangeable. For this reason, it is necessary to ensure forced air flow to by-pass the cutter-loader in the longwall panel. The estimate of advantages of the proposed method for the air drag reduction in very long longwall panels is presented. The method consists in increasing air flow rate in the longwall with the help of an axial jet fan mounted on the cutter-loader.
IMPROVING METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF COAL COMPANIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS
Authors: Timofeeva Ekaterina A. , Mishenin Mikhail V.
Published: October 2021

The article describes a methodological approach for assessing the sustainable development of coal companies, using an integral indicator with the inclusion of environmental indicators. The significance of the proposed methodology and the criteria for its compilation are described.
The Versatile Roles of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Colorectal Cancer and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Deng Longfei , Jiang Nianfen , Zeng Jun , Wang Yi , Cui Hongjuan
Published: October 2021

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is populated by abundant cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that radically influence the disease progression across many cancers, including the colorectal cancer (CRC). In theory, targeting CAFs holds great potential in optimizing CRC treatment. However, attempts to translate the therapeutic benefit of CAFs into clinic practice face many obstacles, largely due to our limited understanding of the heterogeneity in their origins, functions, and mechanisms. In recent years, accumulating evidence has uncovered some cellular precursors and molecular markers of CAFs and also revealed their versatility in impacting various hallmarks of CRC, together helping us to better define the population of CAFs and also paving the way toward their future therapeutic targeting for CRC treatment. In this review, we outline the emerging concept of CAFs in CRC, with an emphasis on their origins, biomarkers, prognostic significance, as well as their functional roles and underlying mechanisms in CRC biology. At last, we discuss the prospect of harnessing CAFs as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of patients with CRC.
Asynchronous Replication Timing: A Mechanism for Monoallelic Choice During Development
Authors: Bergman Yehudit , Simon Itamar , Cedar Howard
Published: October 2021

Developmental programming is carried out by a sequence of molecular choices that epigenetically mark the genome to generate the stable cell types which make up the total organism. A number of important processes, such as genomic imprinting, selection of immune or olfactory receptors, and X-chromosome inactivation in females are dependent on the ability to stably choose one single allele in each cell. In this perspective, we propose that asynchronous replication timing (ASRT) serves as the basis for a sophisticated universal mechanism for mediating and maintaining these decisions.
Characterization of a blaNDM-1-Bearing IncHI5-Like Plasmid From Klebsiella pneumoniae of Infant Origin
Authors: Liu Ziyi , Chen Ruifei , Xu Poshi , Wang Zhiqiang , Li Ruichao
Published: October 2021

The spread of plasmid-mediated carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates is a serious threat to global health. In this study, an emerging NDM-encoding IncHI5-like plasmid from Klebsiella pneumoniae of infant patient origin was characterized, and the plasmid was compared to the available IncHI5-like plasmids to better understand the genetic composition and evolution of this emerging plasmid. Clinical isolate C39 was identified as K. pneumoniae and belonged to the ST37 and KL15 serotype. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and analysis revealed that it harbored two plasmids, one of which was a large IncHI5-like plasmid pC39-334kb encoding a wide variety of antimicrobial resistance genes clustered in a single multidrug resistance (MDR) region. The blaNDM-1 gene was located on a ΔISAba125-blaNDM-1-bleMBL-trpF-dsbC structure. Comparative genomic analysis showed that it shared a similar backbone with four IncHI5-like plasmids and the IncHI5 plasmid pNDM-1-EC12, and these six plasmids differed from typical IncHI5 plasmids. The replication genes of IncHI5-like plasmids shared 97.06% (repHI5B) and 97.99% (repFIB-like) nucleotide identity with those of IncHI5 plasmids. Given that pNDM-1-EC12 and all IncHI5-like plasmids are closely related genetically, the occurrence of IncHI5-like plasmid is likely associated with the mutation of the replication genes of pNDM-1-EC12-like IncHI5 plasmids. All available IncHI5-like plasmids harbored 262 core genes encoding replication and maintenance functions and carried distinct MDR regions. Furthermore, 80% of them (4/5) were found in K. pneumoniae from Chinese nosocomial settings. To conclude, this study expands our knowledge of the evolution history of IncHI5-like plasmids, and more attention should be paid to track the evolution pathway of them among clinical, animal, and environmental settings.
Sensitivity Analysis of Geomechanical Constraints in CO2 Storage to Screen Potential Sites in Deep Saline Aquifers
Authors: Verma Yashvardhan , Vishal Vikram , Ranjith P. G.
Published: October 2021

In order to tackle the exponential rise in global CO2 emissions, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) proposed a carbon budget of 2,900 Gt to limit the rise in global temperature levels to 2°C above the pre-industrial level. Apart from curbing our emissions, carbon sequestration can play a significant role in meeting these ambitious goals. More than 500 Gt of CO2 will need to be stored underground by the end of this century to make a meaningful impact. Global capacity for CO2 storage far exceeds this requirement, the majority of which resides in unexplored deep aquifers. To identify potential storage sites and quantify their storage capacities, prospective aquifers or reservoirs need to be screened based on properties that affect the retention of CO2 in porous rocks. Apart from the total volume of a reservoir, the storage potential is largely constrained by an increase in pore pressure during the early years of injection and by migration of the CO2 plume in the long term. The reservoir properties affect both the pressure buildup and the plume front below the caprock. However, not many studies have quantified these effects. The current analysis computes the effect of rock properties (porosity, permeability, permeability anisotropy, pore compressibility, and formation water salinity) and injection rate on both these parameters by simulating CO2 injection at the bottom of a 2D mesh grid with hydrostatic boundary conditions. The study found that the most significant property in the sensitivity analysis was permeability. Porosity too affected the CO2 plume migration substantially, with higher porosities considerably delaying horizontal and vertical migration. Injection rate impacted both the pressure rise and plume migration consistently. Thus, in screening potential storage sites, we can infer that permeability is the dominant criterion when the pore pressure is closer to the minimum principal stress in the rocks, due to which injection rate needs to be managed with greater caution. Porosity is more significant when the lateral extents of the reservoir limit the storage potential.
Ox-LDL Aggravates the Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses of THP-1 Macrophages by Reducing the Inhibition Effect of miR-491-5p on MMP-9
Authors: Liao Yiling , Zhu Enzheng , Zhou Wanxing
Published: October 2021

Background:Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) can induce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in macrophages to facilitate the genesis and development of atherosclerosis. However, the intermediate links remain unclear. MiR-491-5P can inhibit matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9); however, it remains unclear whether ox-LDL enhances MMP-9 expression and aggravates the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses under the mediating effect of miR-491-5P.

Method:THP-1 macrophages were divided into 10 groups: blank (control), model (ox-LDL), miR-491-5P high-expression (miR-491-5P mimic), miR-491-5P control (mimic-NC), MMP-9 high-expression (MMP-9-plasmid), MMP-9 control (plasmid-NC), miR-491-5P+plasmid-NC, miR-491-5P+ MMP-9-plasmid, MMP-9 gene silencing (MMP-9-siRNA), and gene silencing control (siRNA-NC). The cells were transfected for 48 h and then treated with 50 μg/mL of ox-LDL for 24 h. MMP-9 mRNA and miR-491-5P expression levels in the cells were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the MMP-9 levels were detected with western blotting. The levels of oxidative stress factors (malondialdehyde [MDA]), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant factors (superoxide dismutase [SOD]), and the expression levels of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor [TNF-α] and interleukin-1β and−6 [IL-1β and IL-6]) in the supernatant were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:MDA, ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP-9 levels were increased, SOD activity was reduced, and miR-491-5P expression was downregulated in the ox-LDL group compared to the control group. In the miR-491-5P mimic group, the MDA, ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels were downregulated, and SOD activity was enhanced compared to the ox-LDL group. MMP-9-plasmid elevated the MDA, ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels, and downregulated SOD activity and miR-491-5P expression. Following transfection with MMP-9-siRNA, the MMP-9-plasmid outcomes were nullified, and the resulting trends were similar to the miR-491-5p simulation group. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses were higher in the miR-491-5P mimic+MMP-9-plasmid co-transfection group than in the miR-491-5P mimic group.

Conclusion:Ox-LDL aggravates the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses of THP-1 macrophages by reducing the inhibition effect of miR-491-5p on MMP-9.
Circulating Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Wong Yuen-Kwun , Tse Hung-Fat
Published: October 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Risk assessment is crucial for identifying at-risk individuals who require immediate attention as well as to guide the intensity of medical therapy to reduce subsequent risk of CVD. In the past decade, many risk prediction models have been proposed to estimate the risk of developing CVD. However, in patients with a history of CVD, the current models that based on traditional risk factors provide limited power in predicting recurrent cardiovascular events. Several biomarkers from different pathophysiological pathways have been identified to predict cardiovascular events, and the incorporation of biomarkers into risk assessment may contribute to enhance risk stratification in secondary prevention. This review focuses on biomarkers related to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, lipocalin-2, fibroblast growth factor 19 and 21, retinol-binding protein 4, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and discusses the potential utility of these biomarkers in cardiovascular risk prediction among patients with CVD. Many of these biomarkers have shown promise in improving risk prediction of CVD. Further research is needed to assess the validity of biomarker and whether the strategy for incorporating biomarker into clinical practice may help to optimize decision-making and therapeutic management.
Influence of Waist-to-Hip Ratio on the Prognosis of Heart Failure Patients With Revascularized Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Zhang Yingyue , Zhang Yan , Shi Yajun , Dong Wei , Mu Yang , Wang Jing , Gao Yifan , Hu Rong , Xu Yong , Chen Yundai , Ma Jing
Published: October 2021

Background: Heart failure (HF) is considered one of the most common complications of coronary heart disease (CHD), with a higher incidence of readmission and mortality. Thus, exploring the risk factors related to the prognosis is necessary. Moreover, the effect of the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) on HF patients with revascularized CHD is still unclear. Thus, we aimed to assess the influence of WHR on the prognosis of HF patients with revascularized CHD.

Methods: We collected data of HF patients with revascularized CHD who were referred to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Clinic of PLA Hospital from June 30, 2015, to June 30, 2019. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between WHR and prognosis of HF patients with revascularized CHD. Patients were divided into higher and lower WHR groups based on the cutoff WHR value calculated by the X-tile software. Cox regression analysis was used to analysis the two groups. We drew the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of WHR and analyzed the differences between the two groups. Endpoints were defined as major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (including all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, unscheduled revascularization, and stroke).

Results: During the median follow-up of 39 months and maximum follow-up of 54 months, 109 patients were enrolled, of which 91.7% were males, and the mean age was 56.0 ± 10.4 years. WHR was associated with the incidence of MACE in the Cox regression analysis (p = 0.001); an increase in WHR of 0.01 unit had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.134 (95%CI: 1.057–1.216). The WHR cutoff value was 0.93. Patients in the higher WHR group had a significantly higher risk of MACE than those in the lower WHR group (HR = 7.037, 95%CI: 1.758–28.168). The ROC area under the curve was 0.733 at 4 years. Patients in the higher WHR group had a higher body mass index (BMI; 26.7 ± 3.5 vs. 25.4 ± 2.4, P = 0.033) than patients in the lower WHR group.

Conclusions: WHR is an independent risk factor of the long-term prognosis of Chinese HF patients with revascularized CHD. Patients with WHR ≥ 0.93 require intensified treatment. Higher WHR is related to higher BMI and ΔVO2/ΔWR.
Immediate Renal Denervation After Acute Myocardial Infarction Mitigates the Progression of Heart Failure via the Modulation of IL-33/ST2 Signaling
Authors: Chen Han , Wang Rui , Li Quan , Yin Jiasheng , Ge Zhenyi , Xu Fei , Zang Tongtong , Pei Zhiqiang , Li Chaofu , Shen Li , Ge Junbo
Published: October 2021

Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated the protective effects of renal denervation (RDN) in pre-existing heart failure, but the effects of immediate RDN after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on subsequent cardiac remodeling have not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of immediate RDN after AMI and its underlying mechanism.

Methods: AMI was induced by intracoronary gelatin sponge embolization in 14 Shanghai white pigs that were randomized to undergo either renal angiography (AMI+sham group) or RDN (AMI+RDN group) after 1 h of hemodynamic monitoring. Cardiac function of the two groups was measured at baseline, 1 h post-AMI and at the 1 month follow-up (1M-FU) by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Plasma NT-proBNP, soluble ST2 (sST2), norepinephrine (NE), and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity were detected simultaneously. The renal cortex was harvested for NE measurement after the 1M-FU, and the renal arteries were stained with tyrosine hydroxylase for the evaluation of sympathetic activity. Heart tissues in the non-ischemic areas were collected to assess histological and molecular left ventricular (LV) remodeling by pathological staining, RT-PCR, and western blotting.

Results: There was no difference in the hemodynamic stability or cardiac function between the two groups at baseline and 1 h post-AMI. Six pigs from each of the two groups completed the 1M-FU. TTE analysis revealed the improved cardiac function of immediate RDN in the AMI+RDN group and circulating NT-proBNP levels were lower than those in the AMI+sham group. Further analysis showed significantly less interstitial fibrosis in the remote non-ischemic myocardium after immediate RDN, together with decreased cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and inflammatory cell infiltration. sST2 levels in circulating and myocardial tissues of animals in the AMI+RDN group were significantly higher than those in the AMI+sham group, accompanied by corresponding alterations in IL-33/ST2 and downstream signaling.

Conclusions: Immediate RDN can improve cardiac function and myocardial remodeling after AMI via modulation of IL-33/ST2 and downstream signaling.
Sinomenine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases: Potential Therapeutic Effects and Pharmacological Evidences
Authors: Zhang Meng-Wan , Wang Xiao-Hui , Shi Jing , Yu Jian-Guang
Published: October 2021

Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, as a major cause of health loss all over the world, contribute to an important part of the global burden of disease. A large number of traditional Chinese medicines have been proved effective both clinically and in pharmacological investigations, with the acceleration of the modernization of Chinese medicine. Sinomenine is the main active constituent of sinomenium acutum and has been generally used in therapies of rheumatoid arthritis and neuralgia. Varieties of pharmacological effects of sinomenine in cardio-cerebrovascular system have been discovered recently, suggesting an inspiring application prospect of sinomenine in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Sinomenine may retard the progression of atherosclerosis by attenuating endothelial inflammation, regulating immune cells function, and inhibiting the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Sinomenine also alleviates chronic cardiac allograft rejection relying on its anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperplastic activities and suppresses autoimmune myocarditis by immunosuppression. Prevention of myocardial or cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by sinomenine is associated with its modulation of cardiomyocyte death, inflammation, calcium overload, and oxidative stress. The regulatory effects on vasodilation and electrophysiology make sinomenine a promising drug to treat hypertension and arrhythmia. Here, in this review, we will illustrate the pharmacological activities of sinomenine in cardio-cerebrovascular system and elaborate the underlying mechanisms, as well as give an overview of the potential therapeutic roles of sinomenine in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, trying to provide clues and bases for its clinical usage.
Comparison of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Sustained-Release Tablet (II) (Dulening) and Metformin Tablet (Glucophage) in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Guo Li-xin , Liu Guo-en , Chen Li , Wang Hai-fang , Guo Jian , Zheng Xian-ling , Duan Bin-hong , Wang De-zhong , Zhu Wei , Wang Kun , Tan Wan-shou , Chen Qiu , Li Quan-zhong , Yang Jing , Zhang Qiu , Xie Pei-feng , Lei Min-xiang
Published: October 2021

Objectives

This study investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of metformin hydrochloride sustained-release (SR) tablet (II) produced by Dulening and the original metformin hydrochloride tablet produced by Glucophage in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

This randomized, open and parallel controlled clinical trial consecutively recruited a total of 886 patients with T2DM in 40 clinical centers between May 2016 and December 2018. These patients were randomly assigned to the Dulening group (n=446), in which patients were treated with Dulening metformin SR tablets, and the Glucophage group (n=440), in which patients were treated with Glucophage metformin tablets, for 16 weeks. The changes in the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbAc1) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) as well as weight loss were compared between these two groups. Also, the overall incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and the incidence of ADR of the gastrointestinal system observed in patients of these two groups were also compared.

Results

There were no significant differences in demographic and basal clinical characteristics between these two groups. The Dulening and Glucophage groups showed comparable levels of decrease in HbA1c levels, FBG and weight loss after 12-week treatment (all p>0.05). The Dulening group had a significantly lower overall incidence of ADRs as well as gastrointestinal ADR than the Glucophage group.

Conclusions

Metformin SR tablets (II) and the original metformin tablets exhibit similar therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of T2DM, but metformin SR tablets (II) has the significantly lower incidence of ADRs than the original metformin tablets.
Environment Effect Treatments in PWR Whole-Core Pin-by-Pin Calculation
Authors: Zhang Bin , Li Yunzhao , Wu Hongchun
Published: October 2021

The environment effect arises when pin-cell homogenized parameters are generated with reflective boundary conditions. To treat it in whore-core pin-by-pin calculation, two works are summarized in this article. Firstly, by analyzing the relative errors of pin-cell homogenized group constants and the relative importance of pin-cell discontinuity factors (PDF) in each group, the importance of correcting the PDF of the thermal group is recognized. Secondly, the least-squares method for a multivariate polynomial is utilized to functionalize the relation of the thermal group PDF and the core parameters, including diffusion coefficient, removal cross-section, neutron source, and normalized surface flux. The C5G7 and KAIST benchmarks are employed to evaluate the performance of the PDF predication. Numerical results indicate its effectiveness in reducing the errors of eigenvalue and pin power, especially for the cases with the fuel pins located near the interface between different assemblies.