bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Related to Gastritis Events At The Ages 17-21 Years Old in The Work Area of Pesanggrahan Public Health Center (Puskesmas) in 2018
Authors: Setyaningsih Ida
Published: November 2021

Gastritis that occurs in developing countries is mostly experienced by young people with a predominant age of 20 years. The recurrence experienced can increase the risk of developing a disease that is more dangerous and difficult to cure, even causing death. This study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of gastritis at the age of 17-21 years in the work area of ​​the Pesanggrahan Public Health Center in 2018. This study uses a quantitative type of research with a Case-Control study design. The population in this study were patients aged 17-21 years at the Pesanggrahan Public Health Center for the period June-August 2018. Cases were patients diagnosed with gastritis and controls were non-gastritis patients. Cases and controls were selected by accidental sampling technique as many as 50 people with a ratio of 1:1. Data were collected through interviews and analysis using the Chi-Square test with a value of = 0.05. The study showed that there was a relationship between several risk factors and the incidence of gastritis, including gender (OR=2,986, 95% CI = 2,680-3,654), knowledge (OR= 2,528, 95% CI=1,112-5,744), eating frequency (OR=9,333, 95% CI =1,121-77,704), Meal Time Interval (OR=5,670, 95%CI=2,144-14,997), Frequency of Drinking Tea (OR=2,923, 95% CI =1,245-6.865), Frequency of Spicy (OR=3.407, 95% CI =1.401-8.285), Frequency of Acid Eating (OR=1.196, 95% CI =1.801-2.478), Frequency of Instant Noodles (OR=10.444, 95% CI =2.855-38.211) while the risk factors which are not related to the incidence of gastritis are education, frequency of drinking coffee, frequency of drinking soda. It is necessary to improve health programs such as education, health promotion targeting teenagers in schools.
Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Food Consumption in Indonesia
Authors: Zaida Amalia
Published: November 2021

Prevention of Covid-19 transmission by increasing immunity of the body with protein intake results in changes in people's dietary behavior. Pressure due to changing environment and loss of work leads to the tendency to eat sweet foods, preserved, high in fat and salt. This study aims to determine changes in food consumption patterns in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic. Use a quick assessment of empirical facts about Indonesia's ongoing impact on Covid-19. The research approach framework conceptualizes Covid-19 as a 'Cause', and its effect on changes in food consumption patterns is "Consequent". The data used in this study from study literature uses references from national and international literature. Literature materials in the form of journals, articles, books, and news that discuss the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on people's behavior, especially food consumption behavior, which can be accessed in electronic media. Pandemic covid-19 in Indonesian society affects food consumption patterns, namely, in adults, consumption of vegetables, fruits, and spices increases. While in adolescence, consumption of sweets and fast food increases. This change in the diet affects immunity. A healthy diet increases immunity and reduces the potential for contracting covid-19. Changes in different diets require a tailored approach to community nutrition fulfillment programs. It is necessary to create a program to raise awareness among young people to implement a healthy diet, and a program to support the consistency of healthy diets that have been formed in the community due to the covid-19 pandemic.
The Relationship Between Less Consumption of Vegetables and Fruit With Overweight Incidence at Productive Age (15-64 Years) in Parung District, Bogor Regency
Authors: Risa Sonia Putri
Published: November 2021

Obesity/overweight is a nutritional problem that has an impact on long-term health. An overweight person has a risk of developing diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and cancer. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of factors of lack of vegetable and fruit consumption with the incidence of overweight at the productive age (15-64 years) in Parung Subdistrict.  This study uses secondary data, a quantitative type with a cross-sectional study design. The sample of this study is 142 people of productive age (15-64 years) using simple random sampling, data collection was conducted in conjunction with vaccine surveys in Parung Subdistrict conducted by officers and applied 3M. The results showed that there was no relationship between lack of consumption of vegetables and fruits with overweight events. Factors lacking fruit and vegetable consumption are not the main factors causing overweight, many other factors that can affect, such as genetic factors, lack of physical activity, drugs, or hormonal. Genetic factors usually affect 40-50% if one of the people has a history of overweight or obesity, but if both parents have a history of obesity it will affect 70-80% of the next offspring. Factors lack of physical activity leads to less maximal energy expenditure, it is highly recommended at least 30 minutes a day of activity. Drug factors such as steroid drugs that are often consumed in the long term to treat asthma, osteoarthritis, and allergies, can lead to increased appetite and increase the risk of overweight or obesity. Hormonal factors commonly associated with obesity are hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, thyroid, insulin, and estrogen, and regular medications with hormonal are often associated with the use of contraceptives such as birth control pills or injectable birth control.
Allograft reconstruction for large parosteal osteoma of the clavicle: a case report
Authors: Shin Donghyup , Kim Wonseok , Park Jungho
Published: November 2021

A large parosteal osteoma arising on the surface of the right clavicle of a 39-year-old male patient was suspected preoperatively as a parosteal osteosarcoma. The lesion was treated with wide resection and allograft reconstruction. In this case report, we discuss the accurate diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment for unusual clavicular tumors.
Reverse Extraction – Resource Sharing; Participatory Planning in Kodagu, India
Authors: Hedao Prashant , McCoy Michael , Sukumar Raman , Quinn James
Published: November 2021

Traditionally, people have depended on forests for their livelihood and a process of sustainable resource

extraction was in place, which typically did not result in major degradation of forested landscapes. With the

increase in human population, per capita consumption and commodity exports there have been substantial

changes in land use patterns, and depletion of forest cover and habitat for wildlife. In response to shrinking

habitat, a new phenomenon of “reverse extraction” is now increasingly visible, where wildlife such as

elephants,

leopards,

wild

boar,

and

several

other

species

are

increasingly

coming

out

of

their

habitat

that

has

resulted in crop raiding, livestock killing, and causing human deaths as well. This paper makes a case for

anintegrated conservation planning at a regional scale takes advantage of indigenous knowledge, advances

in geospatial technologies, and inclusive, participatory planning as a way forward that would create a

people’s

plan

fulfilling

human

and

wildlife

needs.
Alternative Futures : India Unshackled Edited by Ashish Kothari and K. J. Joy
Authors: Rao Bhargavi S
Published: November 2021

Book Review
Ecological Guidelines and Recommendations For Mula-Mutha Riverfront Development
Authors: Gole Dr. Swati , Gindi Revati , Hingmire Dhruvang , Ghate Sneha , Deodhar Aditi , Nulkar Dr. Gurudas
Published: November 2021

Ecological Guidelines and Recommendations For Mula-Mutha Riverfront Development
“The iconographic lineage” of Toc-Chereluș coin-type. Relationship between Dacian scyphates and the coins from the Scordisci territory
Authors:   Muzeul Țării Crișurilor, Toma Corina
Published: November 2021

The article resumes the topic of the lineage relationship between the Crișeni Berchieș stage b issues and Toc Chereluș imitations. The coin hoards found at Ostrovul Șimian (Romania) and Krčedin (Serbia) and the hybrid issues legitimize Karl Pink’s view on locating coins Crișeni Berchieș stage b in the Scordisci area. The relationship with the Sirmium type and the Dyrrhachium drachmas amends the chronology of the Crișeni Berchieș stage b issues, which goes back from the first half of the 2nd century BC to the end of this century or (sooner) early 1st century BC. Aspects related to the prototype’s location and dating directly impact the establishment of the Toc Chereluș scyphates’ chronology. The Toc Chereluș scyphates are the result of mixing two monetary types issued in the Scordisci area: the Crișeni Berchieș stage b issues for the obverse and those of type Sirmium for the reverse. The chronology of the Toc Chereluș imitations, broadly framed to the second half of the 2nd century BC and first decades of the following century is therefore narrowed down. Copies cannot precede the prototype and, given also the suggested chronology for the Macedonia Prima and Thasos tetradrachms, we believe that Toc Chereluș coins were struck after early 1st century BC. As a result, the hypothesis on the continuity of the local mint from Dacia must be abandoned, since between the Celtic coinage in the first stage and the Toc Chereluș scyphates, which together with those intra Carpathian compose the second stage, there is a gap of almost half a century.
Effect of amino acid supplementation and choline chloride for low protein diet on nitrogen efficiency and methane emission of dairy cows
Authors:   Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Shirmohammadi Shahram , Taghizadeh Akbar ,   Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Hosseinkhani Ali ,   Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Janmohammadi Hossein ,   Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Pirmohammadi Rasoul ,   Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Valizadeh Hadi ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Published: November 2021

Ruminants are one of the largest anthropogenic methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Therefore, the hypothesis was to study the effects of reducing dietary crude protein (CP) level on environmental contaminators when rumen-protected amino acids and choline chloride were supplemented. Sixty Holstein dairy cows were used during the experiment. Test diets were: (1) CD = Control diet with16.2 g of crude protein/ Kg of DM); (2) LM = Low protein diet with 14.2 g of crude protein/ Kg of DM + methionine ; (3) LL = Low protein diet with 14.2 g of crude protein/ Kg of DM + lysine; (4) LML = Low protein diet with 14.2 g of crude protein/ Kg of DM + methionine + lysine; (5) LMLC = Low protein diet with 14.2 g of crude protein/ Kg of DM + methionine + lysine + choline. Dry matter and NDF intake were not different, but the control group received higher CP and ADF compared with other groups (P < 0.05). Fecal CP and ADF of control group were lower (P < 0.05), but no differences were observed for fecal dry matter (DM) and NDF. Milk yield and protein content were higher for LML and LMLC like control group (P < 0.05). Nitrogen intake, urinary N, urinary urea N and total excreta N decreased (P < 0.05) when animals fed low protein. There was no difference in ruminal pH and acetate to propionate ratio, whereas the ruminal ammonia-N decreased with the low protein (P < 0.05). The 120-h gas production test, showed no difference on the kinetics of digestion and in vitro methane emission. However, the inclusion of DMI in the calculations revealed that low protein can reduce (P < 0.05) methane emission. Overall, our findings indicated that low protein can be compensated for by adding rumen-protected amino acids, not only to maintain the animal performance, but also to decrease nitrogen excretion and methane emission.
Contribution of tiller age category to herbage accumulation of Marandu palisadegrass under two fertilization regimes
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Santos Manoel Eduardo Rozalino , Carvalho Angélica Nunes ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Paiva Adenilson José ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Carvalho Bruno Humberto Rezende ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Borges Gustavo Segatto ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Silva Simone Pedro da ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Oliveira Davi Moraes ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Oliveira Dallety Haloma Alves Miler de ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Published: November 2021

Based on the hypothesis that climate and fertilizers influence the proportion of tiller age categories in the canopy and, consequently, in herbage accumulation, the objective of this study was to determine the population density and the contribution of tiller age categories for herbage accumulation of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu during the year and in response to phosphate and nitrogen fertilization. The treatments consisted of two fertilization strategies: low and high fertilization and three tiller ages (young, mature and old), evaluated at four times of the year: winter, early and late spring, and summer. The total number of tillers and the proportion of young tillers were higher in late spring and summer. The growth and herbage accumulation rates showed a typical seasonal pattern and were higher in the canopy under high fertilization. Old tillers contributed more to control the total stem growth rate, as well as the canopy senescence rate. The highest percentage of young tillers is related to the high herbage accumulation in the Marandu palisadegrass canopy.
Ovine Eimeria infections in southern Brazil – prevalence and risk factors
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Martins Natália Soares , Motta Sara Patron da ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Santos Carolina Caetano dos ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Moreira Andrios da Silva ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Evaristo Tainá Ança ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Farias Nara Amélia da Rosa ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Ruas Jerônimo Lopes ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas
Published: November 2021

Eimeria infections are common in sheep industry worldwide, however information about their epidemiology is scarce in southern state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence, species characterization, and associated risk factors between Eimeria species and sheep flocks. Fecal samples from 428 sheep from 21 farms were tested for the presence of oocysts. The overall prevalence of Eimeria spp. was 68.69% and was significantly affected by age of the sheep, with highest prevalence in animals under 18 months of age. Eight Eimeria species were identified. Eimeria ovinoidalis (85.71%) was the most common, followed by Eimeria crandallis (80.95%), Eimeria granulosa (78.95%), Eimeria ahsata (61.90%), Eimeria faurei (42.86%), Eimeria bakuensis (38.10%), Eimeria punctata (14.29%), and Eimeria pallida (9.52%). All herds were positive, with concomitant infections. Among management and husbandry practices; farm size, animal density, farming system, breeding objectives, and pasture system influenced the prevalence of Eimeria species. The infection was more prevalent on small farms with high animal density, in sheep raised for meat, semi-intensive system, and rotational grazing (p < 0.05). The wide distribution of this protozoan and the high frequency of pathogenic species show the importance and potential damage of coccidiosis in sheep flocks in Rio Grande do Sul.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of milk production in Brazil
Authors:   Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Bacchi Matheus Demambre , Almeida Alexandre Nunes ,   Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Telles Tiago Santos ,   Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná
Published: November 2021

The milk production chain has relevance for the Brazilian economy, generating jobs and income. In addition, milk production, because of family-based farms, has an important social function. However, milk production is spatially heterogeneous in Brazil, especially due to the different technological patterns of production. In this context, the objective of this study was to verify the spatio-temporal distribution and dynamics of milk production in Brazil. For this purpose, milk production in Brazil in 2000 and 2016 was analyzed. The Brazilian microregions that specialize in milk production were identified using location quotient (LQ). An exploratory analysis of spatial data and Moran’s I were used to measure spatial autocorrelation among regions. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the grouping relationships of variables as a function of the regions that specialize in milk production. Between 2000 and 2016, there was a decrease in the number of microregions that specialize in milk production. Thus, in 2016, approximately 20% of the microregions and over 22% of Brazilian municipalities specialized in milk production. The microregions and municipalities that specialize in milk production were concentrated mainly in the states of Minas Gerais and Goiás and in the Southern region of Brazil. There was an increase in milk productivity in all regions of the country, especially in those regions where production was concentrated. The formation of high-high clusters was found in the most productive regions of the country, i.e., in the South and Southeast, where the effects of technological spillover were observed, and the formation of low-low clusters was observed in the less productive regions, i.e., in the North and Northeast. Two main components were formed. The first component aggregated variables related to milk production in volume, and the second component aggregated variables inherent to productivity. It was possible to verify the recent growth in milk production and productivity in the country as well as to demonstrate the heterogeneity in production. Although there was a decrease in the number of microregions and municipalities that specialize in milk production, there was a concentration and increase in milk production and productivity in Brazil.
Use of biostimulants in elephant grass cv. Napier
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Pezenti Estela , Pedreira Marcio dos Santos ,   Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Fernandes Sérgio Augusto de Albuquerque ,   Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Nery Moizéis Silva ,   Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitor André da Cunha Peixoto ,   Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Silva Abias Santos ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Ramos Barbara Louise Pacheco ,   Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia
Published: November 2021

This study was developed to examine the growth, yield, chemical composition and in situ degradability of elephant grass cv. Napier (Pennisetum purpureum). Five spraying protocols with biostimulants were tested, namely, Control - no application; 1BR - bioregulator at seven days; 2BR - bioregulator at seven days + bioregulator and foliar fertilization at 20 days; 2BR2 - bioregulator at seven days + bioregulator and foliar fertilization at 20 days + ethylene inhibitor at 30 days; and 3BR - bioregulator at seven days + bioregulator and foliar fertilization at 20 days + ethylene inhibitor and bioregulator at 30 days. The grass was cut evenly at a height of 15 cm and harvested at 70 days of regrowth. The experimental area was divided into two blocks according to the slope. Ninety plots were used, totaling an area of 4,608 m2. Each plot was composed of four 4-m rows spaced 80 cm apart. Chemical composition, morphological traits and forage digestibility data were evaluated. The 3BR protocol, with more bioregulator-based applications, resulted in higher canopy (9.78%) and stem (9.58%) compared with control group. The 2BR and 2BR2 treatments provided a 6.5% higher stem than control treatment. The improvement in the nutritional value of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Napier was due to the 17.55% increase in crude protein (CP) content provided by protocol 3BR relative to control group. Treatments 2BR2 and 3BR improved the effective degradability of dry matter (DM). The application of biostimulant protocols increased the potential degradability of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (+4.1%), with the greatest response seen in treatment 2BR2 in comparison with control treatment. Biostimulant protocols increase the canopy and stem heights and CP content. The application of a bioregulator associated with foliar fertilization and ethylene inhibitor improves the effective degradability of DM and NDF and the potential degradability of NDF in Pennisetum purpureum cv. Napier harvested at 70 days of regrowth.
Menas / Menas
Authors: Brezak Vjeran
Published: November 2021

Menas was a slave of Pompey the Great, but we cannot precisely determine the date when he became enslaved. During proscriptions in 43 BC, he escaped from Rome to Sicily and joined the navy of Pompey’s younger son, Sextus. History remembers him only as a pirate, robber, and traitor of Sextus. However, this judgement is not completely fair and it carries a significant amount of contempt due to the impression of ancient writers. The modern historiography did not provide us any books or articles regarding Menas, meaning that we actually do not have an objective view of him. That is what this paper is all about – so we could, sine ira et studio, gain a proper opinion based on facts and particularities of the given period (c. 48-36 BC).

In this paper, the author offers different views of Menas’s actions and reasons. The emphasis is on a few key issues: discussion about the end of his slavery and becoming a commander in Sextus’s navy, the role of Menas in strengthening the navy, and betrayal of Sextus Pompey for joining Octavian’s cause. The latter is an assertion that it was not betrayal per se, but carefully planned operation, which even deceived contemporaries.
RELIGIOUS DIALOGUE AND TOLERANCE – THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES OF DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES
Authors: Matevski Zoran
Published: November 2021

At the beginning we’ll emphasize doubtless fact that religion and nation are two powerful forms of identifi cation. These are strong mechanisms through which each person seeks for its identity. Great numbers of sociological examinations, which refer to this subject, indicate an interesting data. Believe it or not, they show that religion and nation do not have logical connection. Additionally, here is the fact that religion is national and universal category. But, besides these strong facts, these social phenomena are in an unbreakable psychological connection and secret union! Only in such cases, certain identifi cation of nation and religion that is diffi cult to understand appears. That’s not the case in the rest of “peaceful” times. In this direction, it’s interesting to search for answer on the question: Whether Macedonian Orthodox Church and Islamic Religious Community calm down or sharpen ethnic confl icts and problems.
SLOVAK – HUNGARIAN RELATIONS, CATHOLICISM AND CHRISTIAN DEMOCRACY
Authors: Moravčíková Michaela
Published: November 2021

Dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, disagreement of Hungary with the post-war reorganisation of this region based on the Treaty of Trianon and the issue of the rights of the Hungarian ethnic minority in neighbouring countries are obstacles, which place a burden on Slovak-Hungarian relations. It appears difficult to overcome these obstacles although both nations are close culturally and mentally, they share more than 1,000 years of common history in several state entities and traditional Christian and Catholic identity. The conflict is ongoing at the political level. It manifests itself especially in the domestic political level because Slovakia has a well-organised and large Hungarian minority, and also in relations between both neighbouring countries at the international level. Both particular Catholic churches place an emphasis on the protection of national interest. A nation connects a sum of individuals more than a religion. In difficult situations a nation becomes a secular religion, and this is also related to the gradual secularisation of a society, and transferring transcendent characteristics and functions to the nation or national state. Christian Democrats prefer to cooperate with political parties that focus on the national interest rather than with Christian politicians of Hungarian/Slovak nationality. One of the essential premises of Christian democracy - that religious identity dominates national identity and has more influence on behaviour - does not actually appear to be true in the case of Slovak-Hungarian relations as seen in practical politics (also carried out by Christian Democrats). However, religion as one of the determining identifying factors may significantly affect further development of Slovak-Hungarian relations leading to a historical reconciliation. It may help to overcome historical stereotypes about a generalised perception of one nation by the other. Rare bilateral activities of Catholic churches and numerous examples of Slovak-Hungarian cooperation at different levels of social life show that petrificated conflict at the political level may be overcome easier in the area of human relations and professional cooperation, and that a real SlovakHungarian reconciliation may be achieved at a lower level.
RELIGION AND ATTITUDES OF POLITICAL PARTIES
Authors: Serafimova Maria
Published: November 2021

It presents no problem for a well-established, stable social world to go from the past, through the present and towards the future. However, what if the crises are consecutive and never ending? A necessity of security and support, a need of firm grounds for the worldly and social universe of the people, appears in that case. Religion could help to legitimate the purposes and actions of a society, to strengthen the determination of its people. In fact, it symbolizes a kind of social solidarity and a collective sentiment. The whole of the religious answers constitutes the sacred universe of traditional societies, but it could be included in the creation of a modern sacred, given that “sacred” does not mean only “religious”. Essential part of this presentation is based on sociological surveys, conducted using qualitative methods, rather than quantitative ones.
POSITION OF PRESIDENT AND RELIGION WITHIN POLITICAL SYSTEM OF USA
Authors: Jevtić Miroljub
Published: November 2021

There were 43 presidents in the history of USA and the analysis of their religious affiliation suggests that a membership in a particular religious denomination has tremendous influence on the American political life. Roman Catholics, for example, comprise a relatively largest denominational community in the US yet despite their 28% share of the religious affiliation only one president ever emerged from that community - John F. Kennedy (1961-1963). By contrast, the three Protestant denominations - Presbyterians, Episcopalians and Unitarians – have 22 of the American presidents yet they comprise 4% of American religious affiliation. This discrepancy itself is sufficient to suggest that a powerful connection exists between religion and politics in the United States.
THE PROGRESSIVE PARTY’S VIEW OF THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH
Authors: Novaković Dragan
Published: November 2021

After obtaining autonomy from the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in 1831, the Serbian Orthodox Church gradually established and strenghtened its position by means of constitutions and laws of the Principality of Serbia which were passed in the course of the XIX century. The established status of an official state church implied considerable priviledges but also the readiness to accept potential candidates designated by the Prince or the Government for the highest hierarch positions as well as the state’s control over practically all segments of religious life. This relationship in which provisions of the Canon Law were frequently ignored, forged a kind of partnership enabling the state to strenghten its economy and democratic institutions while at the same time providing the church with an opportunity to improve its internal organization, the quality of candidates entering priesthood and to create favourable conditions for its spiritual mission. The dissatisfaction with the Russian politics after the Congress of Berlin and the shift towards a new foreign policy relying heavily on the support of Austria-Hungary, soon took toll on the relations between Prince Milan and Metropolitan Mihailo who was a notorious Russophile and a fervent advocate of the Pan-Slavic solidarity. Dissatisfied with the Metropolitan’s activities in Bosnia, the new ally demanded that the Prince remove the dangerous opponent which proved to be a daunting task, due to the Metropolitan’s popularity and his demonstrated leadership skills. In 1881, under the pretext that the Church opposed the Tax law, the Prince’s Government, led by the Progressive Political Party first removed Metropolitan Mihailo which was followed by the removal of all other remaining disobedient Episcopes in 1883. The 1882 amendments to the Law on Church Authorities of the Eastern Orthodox Religion which resulted in changes of the composition of the Assembly of Bishops and included more lay people in the body tasked with the election of the Metropolitan, represented a genuine coup against the Church unprecedented in its centuries long history and practically annulled the canonical order governing the life and functioning of the Orthodox Churches. Having elected the new Metropolitan and Episcopes, the Government led by the Progressive Party established such an organization of the Church which was utterly dependent on the will of the state and the balance of powers on the Serbia’s political scene. The altered political circumstances brought about by King Milan’s abdication and normalization of relations with the Radical Party, enabled Metropolitan Mihailo’s return and reestablishment of previous order in the Church. The ancient Canons, which were ignored at one point in history, proved their vitality, but these events were also convenient for the growing middle class to send a clear message to the Church that the old times of harmonized activity were gone and that the new forces were taking over the public and state affairs.
THE LEAGUE OF COMMUNISTS OF YUGOSLAVIA AND RELIGION
Authors: Branković Tomislav
Published: November 2021

The Communist Party based its attitude to religion on Marxism-Leninism as a scientific and theoretical framework. As a critical theory of the capitalist society Marxism examined the phenomenon of religion and religious feelings in civil society and designed a project of a future socialist society. One can say that Marxism looks at the phenomenon of religion from the angle of a class society, from a materialistic viewpoint and while using the historical research method. The source of religion is in man’s alienation first from himself, then from other people and, finally, from society itself. Marxism surpasses the criticisms of religion dating back to the Enlightenment as well as the vulgar-marxist criticisms that associated religion and religious feeling with human ignorance and delusion. Marxism places religion into the historical framework including the social and economic setting which is changing, developing and thus producing or bringing about changes in religious consciousness. In their practice, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia or what was later the League of Communists of Yugoslavia had an attitude to religion and the church that was a mixture of some original Marxism but also, in much larger measure, of dogmatic, Leninist-Marxist and most often administrative –pragmatic stands which suited the then balance of political power in the state or at lower administrative levels. This attitude was also conditioned by the situation in the party, the state, Yugoslavia’s international position, the situation in the church, etc. In this context, one can say that in the actual laws and regulations governing the legal status of the church and the issue of the religious rights and liberties of citizens the atheist approach predominated, i.e. the approach that was solely and exclusively determined in relation to God. This approach seems to have predominated due to the negative experience gained by the workers’ movement in Yugoslavia between the two World Wars as well as during the course of the Second World War when the majority of church activists adopted a negative attitude to the National Liberation Movement (NLM). The process of atheization which was launched immediately following the end of the Second World War, in addition to formally playing a major role in establishing and giving legitimacy to the new social system of government, was also ongoing, in terms of its attitude to the churches, on at least two levels: 1) depoliticization of all religious communities; and 2) supression of the idea that religious attributes should be identified as national attributes in the established and traditional churches and religious communities (Serbian Orthodox Church, Roman Catholic Church, Islamic Religious Community).
THE POSSIBILITY OF EDUCATION ABOUT RELIGIOUS CULTURE IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Authors: Nobutaka Inoue
Published: November 2021

In Japan, religious education is usually divided into three categories; education about religions or religious knowledge, education to inculcate religious sentiment, and sectarian or confessional education. Education about religion can be taught at public schools, while confessional education is prohibited. Long discussions have been held regarding the inculcation of religious sentiment in postwar Japan. Some insist that it should be taught even at public schools, and others oppose this claim mainly based on the reflection of the influence of State Shinto in the prewar period, when the state and religion (Shrine Shinto) were deeply interconnected. The Basic Law on Education was revised in December, 2006, soon after the inauguration of the Abe cabinet. The article concerning religious education was moderated slightly with the words “general learning regarding religion” added to the sentence. However, as Japanese society has tended to avoid discussions on religious education in the postwar period, it might be quite difficult to establish a new education plan based on the former perspectives, especially regarding the inculcation of religious sentiment. The idea of education in religious culture has been introduced to seek for a new perspective on the problem. This perspective aims to promote a deeper understanding of the Japanese people’s own religious culture, as well as that of foreign nations. According to this plan, such religious education could be introduced even at public schools. Surveys and other research data from in recent years indicate that religious culture education would be far more acceptable to people, including students, than education for the “inculcation of religious sentiment.” Moreover, in the age of globalization, this type of religious education seems to be necessary for countries other than Japan as well. As a matter of fact, similar attempts can be observed in the U.S., the U.K., Australia, and other countries. These nations seem to share the following common problems: influence of globalization, influence of the information age (especially the Internet), and the “cults” problem.
Middle Welsh Yn in Verbal Noun Phrases
Authors: Scherschel Ricarda
Published: November 2021

This paper explores constructions using yn + verbal noun (VN) which have so far been described as instances of `sub-predicates' or present participles (e.g. Evans 1964, MacCana 1999), or adjuncts (Borsley et al. 2007). Complementative constructions, e.g. the caffael-passive or aspectual constructions with bod are not considered here, except the complementation of perception verbs. The constructions addressed in this paper are forms of epitaxis following MacCana 1999, complements of verbs of perception, subpredicates or depicitves, relative/attributive and appositive relations. The data for the analysis is taken from the Brut y Brenhinedd in the Llyfr Coch Hergest. The aim is to find syntactic and co(n)textual parameters with which one can distinguish the different constructions, and to show the limitations of a functional approach. I will discuss both expected and unproblematic examples and unexpected, interesting cases.
Frequency and epidemiology traumas in female student volleyball players
Authors:   ", Belomazheva-Dimitrova Stefaniya ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo, Angelova Petya
Published: November 2021

The primary objectives of the study was to qualitify the injuries of female student volleyball players and to determine the nature, location, causes, outcome of injuries and the possible risk factors involved. Information on injuries was collected through a questionnaire from 48 members of students female volleyball teams participants in National Summer Universiade 2018 in Sofia, Bulgaria. The average age of the players is 22.7 years. A total of 91.7% of volleyball players sustained injuries. Lower limb injuries were found to be predominant, the ankle and knee being the most commonly injured anatomical location. Most injuries involved soft tissue and related to the muscle and tendon. The results of the research provide a useful insight into the nature, incidence and sites of injuries in varsity level volleyball players.Purpose of the research is to study the frequency and type of injuries in female student volleyball players and their awareness of prevention, behavior and treatment of sports injuries.
Correlation structure of physical development and physical preparedness in 15–16-year basketball players
Authors:   NSA “Vassil Levski”, Bulgaria, Tzankova-Kaloyanova Maria , Tomov Galimir
Published: November 2021

Physical development is a combination of morphological and resulting functional features of the organism. It characterize those aspects of the shape and structure of the human body as well that determine certain physical and muscular qualities. This qualities are also related to physical ability and human health. Physical development is based on a complex study and assessment of all the indicators that characterize it.
110 Years from the Birth of Nikola Vaptsarov. Vaptsarov international prize “The sea and the machines”
Authors:   ", Peev Iliya ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The paper is a result of 10 years of research on the literary work of Nikola Vaptsarov and is a sequel of the author’s monograph about the poet and the sailor, who related the sea and the machines with the human’ soul and who praised faith and love, freedom and peace, issued in 2009. Nikola Vaptsarov’s contribution as a poet and an innovator in creating new poetic forms and giving a soul to the machines, the ships and the sea has been investigated. Considering the great contribution of Nikola Vaptsarov to the spiritualization of the sea and the machines and creating a unified harmony and synergy with the human soul the author proposes establishing a Presidential Vaptsarov International Prize “The Sea and the Machines”.
Ivan Kolev – Forgotten and Rediscovered Hero of the Bulgarian Army
Authors:   Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznaс, Poland, Hatlas Jezhy
Published: November 2021

General Ivan Kolev was born in Bessarabia. He graduated from the elite school (middle school) for Bulgarian Minority in Bolhrad. Subsequently he settled down in Bulgaria where he made a brilliant career. In 1916, Ivan Kolev defeated all foreign troops (Romanian, Russian, Serbian) in Dobruja. He was the creator of the Bulgarian cavalry. In the interwar period, Ivan Kolev was widely known and valued. During the communist period, however, he was completely forgotten. It was only after the fall of the totalitarian regime that the figure of General Ivan Kolev was restored to history, both in Bulgaria and in Ukraine, where he was born.
Research of the motivation and long-term objectives of Bulgarian and Serbian students
Authors: Borukova Mariana , Kotev Vladimir
Published: November 2021

Education is an activity requiring lengthy efforts and perseverance, as well as skills for acquiring information and its creative usage. All this is based on prolonged motivation, directly related to the improvement of the educational development and the consecutive professional realization. Long-term objectives serve as coordinating terms leading to particular goals in the everyday life and thus, behaviour could be rationalized and directed in a longer prospective towards both the past and the future. The aim of the present study is to survey the opinion and personal assessment of the long-term motivation of students from NSA “Vassil Levski”, Sofia and students from Nish, Serbia. The research was conducted from November 2016 to May 2017. It was done among 96 students (45 fourth-year students at NSA and 51 students from the University in Nish). The students had to fill out a test consisting of 10 questions related to their personal assessment of their long-term motivation. The results of the study were processed mathematically and statistically by: variation analysis, relative share, comparative analysis of two independent samples and comparative analysis of the frequency distributions with χ² – the Pearson criterion.According to the generalized conclusions, a higher percentage of the Bulgarian students is directed towards long-term objectives and prospects than the percentage of the Serbian students. Women are more motivated in their long-term development than men but there are not statistically significant differences along all the questions. Athletes’ motivation is higher than the average one for the whole population. We believe, however, that the motivation changes in the course of the studies and we assume it is higher for the students who are about to graduate.
TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİNDE İTHAL GİRDİ BAĞIMLILIĞININ ANALİZİ
Authors: AYDIN Atilla
Published: November 2021

1980 sonrasında ekonomide yaşanan liberalleşme ve küreselleşme eğilimleriyle birlikte dış ticaret de daha serbest hale gelmiştir. 1980 yılında alınan 24 Ocak kararlarıyla birlikte Türkiye, büyüme modeli olarak da ihracata dayalı büyüme modelini benimsemiştir Ancak ihracatın artmasıyla birlikte ithalat da artmaya başlamıştır. İthalatın artışı, cari açık sorununu da beraberinde getirmiş ve bu durumdan para piyasaları da etkilenmiştir. Böylece finansal krizlerin mekanizmalarından biri de cari açıklar olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin ithalatının yapısını sektörlere göre incelemek ve ithal girdi bağımlılığının derecesini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Çalışmada girdi çıktı analizi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerde ithal girdi geriye bağlantı etkisi en yüksek 3 sektör; kok kömürü-rafine edilmiş petrol, plastik-kauçuk ve ana metal sektörleri bulunmuştur. İthal ileriye bağlantı etkisi en yüksek 3 sektör ise; kimya, madencilik ve ana metal sektörleri olarak saptanmıştır. Bu bağımlılıkların yapısal kaynakları ve yıllar içinde nasıl değişim gösterdikleri bu çalışmanın çıktılarını oluşturmuştur.
Close-to-nature silviculture in eastern Quebec: Advances over the last decade
Authors: Schneider Robert , Dupont-Leduc Laurie , Gauthray-Guyénet Vincent , Cattaneo Nicolas , LaraMelo  , Simard Tommy , Begni Alexis , Turquin Raphel , Morache-Mercier Anabelle , Pinna Samuel , Rémillard Ulysse , Nock Charles
Published: November 2021

The increase in intensity of the harvesting of eastern Quebec’s forests has resulted in profound compositional changes at the stand level. The composition and structure of presettlement stands provide key benchmarks when implementing ecosystem-based management (EBM). A core principle of EBM is the emulation of natural disturbances, and it is hypothesized that forest resilience will be maintained. Managers have thus adapted some of their silvicultural activities to better mimic the main natural disturbances in eastern Quebec. These adaptations include using variable retention harvesting systems instead of clear-cuts and converting even-aged stands. Nevertheless, other close-to-nature silvicultural practices must be developed, as gaps between managed and unmanaged stands persist. Most importantly, there is a need to consider global change within EBM, which could be accomplished by prioritizing forest functions rather than composition or structure when establishing silvicultural objectives. Elements of the complex adaptive systems approach to increasing forest resilience can be incorporated into the larger-scale EBM approach. This could be done by considering the functional complementarity of species, forest function, and stand structure in forest management planning. These efforts must not be constrained, however, to allowable annual cut calculations, as these are not sufficiently sensitive to compare different management scenarios.
Long-term Assessment of Ozone Nonattainment Changes in South Korea Compared to US, and EU Ozone Guidelines
Authors: Kim Jeonghwan , Lee Jimin , Han Jin-Seok , Choi Jinsoo , Kim Dai-Gon , Park Jinsoo , Lee Gangwoong
Published: November 2021

We conducted spatiotemporal assessments of ozone in South Korea from 1990–2020 to evaluate trends and compare changes in compliance based on South Korean, US, and EU standards. Observational data from nationwide air-quality monitoring stations were collected and converted to the maximum daily 8 hr ozone average (MDA8O3). Seasonal ozone variations displayed an overall increase across most of South Korea and a noticeably high rate of 0.86 ppbv/yr in Seoul, with an even higher rate 1.2 ppbv/yr for the fourth-highest MDA8O3. Recent air-quality regulations to reduce NOx emissions have been estimated to weaken NO titration effects, leading to higher ozone levels for VOC-limited urban areas in South Korea while decreasing ozone concentrations elsewhere. In recent years, nearly all monitoring stations have exceeded the South Korean MDA8O3 standard, leading to debate regarding the adequacy of current standards for monitoring changes in nonattainment. Comparison with EU and US standards showed that implementing these could significantly lower nonattainment events due to the easing of target threshold values by either percentile or concentration values. Relative distances in nonattainment percentages between South Korean and other standards indicated that the EU ozone guideline was most suitable for tracing recent ozone changes not apparent when using the South Korean or US standards.
Przyczyny wyburzenia wieży warzywno-ogrodniczej Othmara Ruthnera
w Wojewódzkim Parku Kultury
i Wypoczynku w Chorzowie –
utracone dziedzictwo innowacji technicznej
Authors: Kleszcz Justyna
Published: November 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza i ocena przyczyny wyburzenia
w połowie lat 80. XX wieku obiektu autorstwa austriackiego konstruktora oraz wynalazcy Othmara Ruthnera. „Turmgewachshaus” jako system linii produkcyjnej fabryki świeżych warzyw i owoców został opracowany w najbardziej znanej formie przez Othmara Ruthnera w jego pracowni Ruthner Industrieanlagen fur Pflanzenbau G.m.b.H. Łączył w sobie najnowszą podówczas technologię hydroponiczną, umożliwiającą uprawę bezglebową, z technologią w pełni zautomatyzowanej linii produkcyjnej, którą w amerykańskich publikacjach na ten temat porównywano, nie bez przyczyny, z linią produkcyjną General Motors. Jeden
z przykładów tego typu innowacyjnej realizacji znajdował się na terenie Polski, w wojewódzkim Parku Kultury i Wypoczynku (obecnie Park Śląski) w Chorzowie. Sam fenomen obiektu chorzowskiej farmy wieżowej, jako przykładu dziedzictwa architektonicznego Górnego Śląska niezwiązanego z tradycją przemysłu ciężkiego i wydobywczego, stanowi przyczynek do szerszej dyskusji na temat dziedzictwa architektonicznego tworzonego przez obiekty o funkcjach pomijanych dotychczas w badaniach nad historią architektury. Analiza przyczyn wyburzenia tego obiektu staje się istotna dla oceny możliwości realizacyjnych innych farm wertykalnych w przyszłości, stanowiąc w rzeczywistości zbiór czynników mogących przyczynić się do porażki nowo realizowanych obiektów miejskiego rolnictwa.