bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-mediated microbubble delivery of pigment epithelium-derived factor gene into retina inhibits choroidal neovascularization
Authors: ZHOU Xi-yuan , LIAO Qing , PU Yi-min , TANG Yong-qiang , GONG Xiao , LI Jia , XU Yan , WANG Zhi-gang
Published: January 2024

Background

Many studies have suggested that the imbalance of angiogenic factor and anti-angiogenic factor expression contributes significantly to the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and ultrasound microbubble combination system can increase the gene transfection efficiency successfully. This study was designed to investigate whether ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction could effectively deliver therapeutic plasmid into the retina of rat, and whether gene transfer of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) could inhibit CNV.

Methods

Human retinal pigment epithelial cells were isolated and treated either with ultrasound or plasmid alone, or with a combination of plasmid, ultrasound and microbubbles to approach feasibility of microbubble-enhanced ultrasound enhance PEDF gene expression; For in vivo animal studies, CNV was induced by argon lasgon laser in rats. These rats were randomly assigned to five groups and were treated by infusing microbubbles attached with the naked plasmid DNA of PEDF into the vitreous of rats followed by immediate ultrasound exposure (intravitreal injection); infusing liposomes with the naked plasmid DNA of PEDF into the vitreous (lipofectamine + PEDF); infusing microbubbles attached with PEDF into the orbit of rats with ultrasound irradiation immediately (retrobular injection); infusing microbubbles attached with PEDF into the femoral vein of rats with exposed to ultrasound immediately (vein injection). The CNV rats without any treatment served as control. Rats were sacrificed and eyes were enucleated at 7, 14, and 28 days after treatment. Gene and protein expression of PEDF was detected by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The effect of PEDF gene transfer on CNV was examined by fluorescein fundus angiography.

Results

In vitro cell experiments showed that microbubbles with ultrasound irradiation could significantly enhance PEDF delivery as compared with microbubbles or ultrasound alone. In the rat CNV model, transfection efficiency mediated by ultrasound/microbubbles was significantly higher than that by lipofectamine-mediated gene transfer at 28 days after treatment. The study also showed that with the administration of ultrasound-mediated microbubbles destruction, the CNV of rats was inhibited effectively.

Conclusions

Ultrasound-microbubble technique could increase PEDF gene transfer into rats' retina and chorioid, in association with a significant inhibition of the development of CNV, suggesting that this noninvasive gene transfer method may provide a useful tool for clinical gene therapy.
Alendronate treatment does not inhibit bone formation within biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics in posterolateral spinal fusion: an experimental study in porcine model
Authors: XUE Qing-yun , JI Quan , LI Hai-sheng , ZOU Xue-nong , Egund Niels , Lind Martin , Christensen Finn B , Bünger Cody
Published: January 2024

Background

Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics has a potential advantage as an osteoconductive matrix and has an optimal resorption rate for bone formation. Using BCP ceramics as a bone graft during spinal fusion requires osteogenesis within the material and subsequent bridging between adjacent vertebraes to provide long-term support. Bisphosphonates have been reported to prolong the process of bone healing. The influence of bisphosphonate treatment on bone formation within BCP ceramics in spinal fusion remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of alendronate on BCP osteogenesis in posterolateral spinal fusion.

Methods

Posterolateral spinal fusion with pedicle screw fixation was performed at the lumbar spine in twenty-two pigs.

BCP ceramics were applied as a bone graft to obtain bone fusion between adjacent transverse processes. Eleven pigs in the treatment group received oral alendronate 10 mg/d for three months postoperatively. Eleven pigs in the control group did not receive treatment with alendronate. All animals underwent posterolateral spinal fusion with BCP ceramics. The fusion rate was evaluated three months after the operation.

Results

The fusion rates evaluated by X-ray were 27.3% in the treatment group and 20% in the control group. The fusion rates using histological evaluation were 18.2% in the treatment group and 20% in the control group. The mean volumes of fusion mass were (3.64±0.86) cm3 in the treatment group and (4.26±0.63) cm3 in the control group. No significant differences were found in either trabecular bone volume or residual BCP volume between treatment and control groups using histological evaluation. The new bone formation within BCP ceramics was greater in the area adjacent to transverse process (P <0.01).

Conclusion

Oral alendronate with a dose of 10 mg daily do not inhibit bone formation within BCP ceramics or affect the fusion rate in posterolateral spinal fusion from porcine models.
Quercetin in combating H2O2 induced early cell apoptosis and mitochondrial damage to normal human keratinocytes
Authors: WANG Xiao-yan , HE Pei-ying , DU Juan , ZHANG Jian-zhong
Published: January 2024

Background

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of epidermal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of quercetin on the anti-oxidative response and on mitochondrial protection in cultured normal human keratinocytes.

Methods

Cultured HaCaT cells were treated with different concentrations of H2O2 (0, 50, 100, 250, 500 μmol/L) for different periods of time (0.5, 1, 2, 4 hours) to establish an oxidative stress model. The cultured HaCaT cells were randomly assigned to control, H2O2, and quercetin+H2O2 groups. For the quercetin groups, the cells were treated with different concentrations of quercetin (0, 10, 25, 50 μmol/L) before exposure to H2O2. Morphological changes of the cells were observed under an inverted microscope and an electron microscope. The cell viability was detected by the MTT method. The cell apoptosis (AnnexinV/propidium iodide double stain) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) changes were detected by flow cytometry.

Results

An oxidative stress model of HaCaT cells was established under a suitable concentration (250 μmol/L) and treated time of H2O2 (2 hours). The cell viability and ΔΨm decreased in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner while the percentage of apoptotic cells significantly increased in the H2O2 groups compared with the control group (P <0.05). The cell viability and ΔΨm of the quercetin treated group increased (P <0.05) and the percentage of apoptotic cells decreased at concentrations of 1-50 μmol/L quercetin (P <0.01) compared with H2O2 treated group.

Conclusion

Quercetin can relieve the cell damage and apoptosis from H2O2 induced injury to HaCaT cells by anti-oxidation and mitochondrial protection.
Fetal reduction by bipolar cord coagulation in managing complicated monochorionic multiple pregnancies: preliminary experience in China
Authors: HE Zhi-ming , FANG Qun , YANG Yong-zhong , LUO Yan-min , CHEN Jun-hong , CHEN Yong-zhen , ZHOU Yi , CHEN Min-ling
Published: January 2024

Background

Monochorionic multiple pregnancies (MMPs) are associated with higher rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality caused by interfetal vascular anastomoses in the monochorionic placenta, which can lead to fetal health interactions. In some circumstances, selective feticide of the affected fetus is necessary to save the healthy co-twin. We evaluated the effects and safety of our initial experiences using bipolar cord coagulation for the management of complicated MMPs.

Methods

Using ultrasound-guided bipolar cord coagulation, we performed selective feticide on 14 complicated MMPs (5 with twin-twin transfusion syndrome, 4 with acardia, 3 with discordant structural anomalies, and 2 with severe selective intrauterine growth restriction). One patient with monochorionic triplets received the procedure twice to terminate 2 affected fetuses for different indications. Data regarding the operations, complications and neonatal outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Cord occlusions were successfully performed in 13/14 (93%) cases. The failure happened in an acardiac fetus and the pregnancy was terminated by induction. The included cases delivered at a mean gestational age of 35.4 weeks with a perinatal survival rate of 11/13 (85%). Three operation-related complications occurred (21%), including membrane rupture of the terminated sac (1 case), preterm labor at 28 weeks gestation (1 case), and chorioamniotic membrane separation (1 case). Amnioinfusion was indicated in 11 procedures to expand the target sacs for entering the trocar and obtaining sufficient working space. However, in all 4 cases of acardia, the acardiac sacs showed extreme oligohydramnios and could not be well expanded by infusion; thus, the trocar had to be inserted from the sac of the preserved co-twin.

Conclusions

The application of bipolar cord coagulation in complicated MMPs is safe and improves the prognosis. Amnioinfusion is useful in helping to expand the target sac when the working space is limited.
Mutation analysis in a Chinese family with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: ZHA Bing-bing , LIANG Wang , LIU Jun , CHENG Juan , HONG Xiao-wu , LIU Jing , LI Yi-ming , MA Duan
Published: January 2024

Background

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome which is caused by germline mutations of the tumor suppressor gene MEN1. This study aimed to identify mutations in a Chinese pedigree with MEN1.

Methods

A large Chinese family with MEN1 was collected. All of the coded regions and their adjacent sequences of the MEN1 gene were amplified and sequenced.

Results

In this family, a heterozygous cytosine insertion in exon 10 (c.1546_1547insC) inducing a frame shift mutation of MEN1 was found in the proband and the other two suffering members of his family. This mutation was linked to a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron 3 (IVS3+18C>T).

Conclusions

The mutation in exon 10 of MEN1 gene might induce development of parathyroid hyperplasia and pituitary adenoma and cosegregate with MEN1 syndrome. The significance of the new found IVS3+18C>T of MEN1 needs a further investigation.
Effect of etomidate on voltage-dependent potassium currents in rat isolated hippocampal pyramidal neurons
Authors: TAN Hong-yu , SUN Li-na , WANG Xiao-liang , YE Tie-hu
Published: January 2024

Background

Previous studies demonstrated general anesthetics affect potassium ion channels, which may be one of the mechanisms of general anesthesia. Because the effect of etomidate on potassium channels in rat hippocampus which is involved in memory function has not been studied, we investigated the effects of etomidate on both delayed rectifier potassium current (Ik(dr)) and transient outward potassium current (Ik(a)) in acutely dissociated rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons.

Methods

Single rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons from male Wistar rats of 7-10 days were acutely dissociated by enzymatic digestion and mechanical dispersion according to the methods of Kay and Wong with slight modification. Voltage-clamp recordings were performed in the whole-cell patch clamp configuration. Currents were recorded with a List EPC-10 amplifier and data were stored in a computer using Pulse 8.5. Student's paired two-tail t test was used for data analysis.

Results

At the concentration of 100 μmol/L, etomidate significantly inhibited Ik(dr) by 49.2% at +40 mV when depolarized from -110 mV (P <0.01, n=8), while did not affect Ik(a)
(n=8, P >0.05). The IC50 value of etomidate for blocking Ik(dr) was calculated as 5.4 μmol/L, with a Hill slope of 2.45. At the presence of 10 μmol/L etomidate, the V1/2 of activation curve was shifted from (17.3±1.5) mV to (10.7±2.9) mV (n=8, P<0.05), the V1/2 of inactivation curve was shifted from (-18.3±2.2) mV to (-45.3±9.4) mV (n=8, P <0.05). Etomidate 10 μmol/L shifted both the activation curve and inactivation curve of Ik(dr) to negative potential, but mainly affected the inactivation kinetics.

Conclusions

Etomidate potently inhibited Ik(dr) but not Ik(a) in rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Ik(dr) was inhibited by etomidate in a concentration-dependent manner, while Ik(a) remained unaffected.

Chin Med J 2010;123(6):702-706
Annexin A2 promotes choroidal neovascularization by increasing vascular endothelial growth factor expression in a rat model of argon laser coagulation-induced choroidal neovascularization
Authors: ZHAO Shi-hong , PAN Dong-yan , ZHANG Yuan , WU Jin-hui , LIU Xin , XU Yu
Published: January 2024

Background

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a common cause of visual loss in the elderly patients with age-related macular degeneration and represents the growth of subretinal new vessels in the macular region. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between annexin A2 (ANXA2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in CNV.

Methods

In a rat model of argon laser coagulation-induced CNV, the mRNA expressions of the annexins and VEGF protein expression in the retina were detected using fluorescent real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The interactions between ANXA2 and VEGF in both a retinal pigment epithelial cell line RPE-J and the rat model of CNV were examined by means of RNA interference, real-time PCR, Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and histopathological examinations.

Results

Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) showed that argon laser coagulation of the retina induced stable CNV models in the rats. Two to three weeks after the coagulation, ANXA2 and VEGF expressions in the coagulated area in the retina and choroid increased to the peak level, while the other annexin members (ANXA4, ANXA5, ANXA7 and ANXA11) showed no obvious changes. In RPE-J cells and the CNV model, RNA interference of ANXA2 gene significantly lowered the VEGF protein and mRNA expressions, and application of an adenoviral vector containing ANXA2 gene markedly increased VEGF expressions in the rat model of CNV, but produced no significant effects on the expressions of the kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) or the fms-like tyrosine kinase (Flt-1). The expression of KDR inhibited the increment in ANXA2 expression, but VEGF and Flt-1 did not directly affect ANXA2 expression.

Conclusion

Besides the role as a plasminogen and the receptor of tissue plasminogen activator, ANXA2, which is under regulation of KDR via a negative feedback mechanism, also participates in neovascularization by regulating VEGF expression through a positive feedback mechanism.

Chin Med J 2010;123(6):713-721
Expressions of SE-1, CD31 and CD105 in the vascular endothelial cells and serum of rat with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: WANG Jing-yu , XU Xiao-yuan , JIA Jing-hui , WU Chi-hong , GE Ruo-wen
Published: January 2024

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. In order to investigate the molecular biologic mechanism of HCC's development, we studied the expressions of SE-1, CD105 and CD31 in tumor endothelial cells (TECs) of HCC and in the serum of rats.

Methods

We analyzed the expressions of SE-1, CD31 and CD105 in rat HCC tumor tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Twenty HCC bearing rats and eighteen normal rats were examined for the expressions of SE-1, CD31 and CD105 antigens in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

SE-1, CD31 and CD105 antigens were detected both in HCC tissue and in normal liver tissue with higher expressions of CD31 and CD105 in HCC while the SE-1 antigen expression was higher in normal liver. Similarly, serum CD31 and CD105 in rats with HCC were significantly increased compared with normal rats (t=2.8628, P=0.0086; t=4.4922, P <0.0001, respectively). In contrast, SE-1 antigen in HCC rat serum was significantly decreased compared with normal rats (t=3.4983, P=0.0011).

Conclusion

SE-1, CD31 and CD105 are closely related with liver tumor angiogenesis, which is similar to their performances in terms of their expressions in the serum.
Echocardiographic mapping of left ventricular resynchronization during cardiac resynchronization therapy procedures
Authors: CHAN Ngai-yin , CHOY Chi-chung , CHEUNG Kar-chun , LAU Chun-leung , LO Ying-keung , CHU Pui-shan , YUEN Ho-chuen , LAU Suet-ting , CHOI Yuen-choi
Published: January 2024

Background

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective electrical therapy for patients with moderate to severe heart failure and cardiac dyssynchrony. This study aimed to investigate the degree of acute left ventricular (LV) resynchronization with biventricular pacing (BVP) at different LV sites and to examine the feasibility of performing transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to quantify acute LV resynchronization during CRT procedure.

Methods

Fourteen patients with NYHA Class III-IV heart failure, LV ejection fraction ≤35%, QRS duration ≥120 ms and septal-lateral delay (SLD) ≥60 ms on tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), underwent CRT implant. TDI was obtained from three apical views during BVP at each accessible LV site and SLD during BVP was derived. Synchronicity gain index (Sg) by SLD was defined as (1+(SLD at baseline - SLD at BVP)/SLD at baseline).

Results

Seventy-two sites were studied. Positive resynchronization (R+, Sg>1) was found in 42 (58%) sites. R+ was more likely in posterior or lateral than anterior LV sites (66% vs. 36%, P <0.001). Concordance of empirical LV lead implantation sites and sites with R+ was 50% (7/14).

Conclusions

The degree of acute LV resynchronization by BVP depends on LV lead location and empirical implantation of LV lead results in only 50% concordance with R+. Performing TTE during CRT implantation is feasible to identify LV sites with positive resynchronization.
Early PET/CT after radiofrequency ablation in colorectal cancer liver metastases: is it useful?
Authors: LIU Zhao-yu , CHANG Zhi-hui , LU Zai-ming , GUO Qi-yong
Published: January 2024

Background

Morphologic imaging after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of liver metastases is hampered by an inflammatory response in the ablation margin, making the identification of local tumor progression (LTP) difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of early 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning to monitor the effectiveness of RFA in colorectal liver metastases.

Methods

Twelve patients with 20 metastases were treated with RFA for colorectal liver metastases. They underwent PET/CT within 2 weeks before RFA and within 24 hours after RFA (so termed “early PET/CT”). PET/CT was repeated at 1, 3, and 6 months, and then every 6 months after ablation. The standard of reference was based on available clinical and radiological follow-up data.

Results

Early PET/CT revealed total photopenia in 16 RFA-treated metastases, which were found to be without residual tumor on the final PET/CT scan. Three RFA-treated metastases with focal uptake were identified as local tumor progression, which necessitated further treatment. One RFA-treated metastasis with rim-shaped uptake was regarded as inflammation. The results of the early PET/CT scanning were consistent with the findings of the final follow-up.

Conclusions

PET/CT performed within 24 hours after RFA can effectively detect whether residual tumor exists for colorectal cancer liver metastases. The results can guide further treatment, and may improve the efficacy of RFA.
A small-dose naloxone infusion alleviates nausea and sedation without impacting analgesia via intravenous tramadol
Authors: JIA Dong-lin , NI Cheng , XU Ting , ZHANG Li-ping , GUO Xiang-yang
Published: January 2024

Background

Early studies showed that naloxone infusion decreases the incidence of morphine-related side effects from intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. This study aimed to determine whether naloxone preserved analgesia while minimizing side effects caused by intravenous tramadol administration.

Methods

Eighty patients undergoing general anesthesia for cervical vertebrae surgery were randomly divided into four groups. All patients received 1 mg/kg tramadol 30 minutes before the end of surgery, followed by a continuous infusion with 0.3 mg-kg-1h-1 tramadol with no naloxone (group I, n=20), 0.05 μg-kg-1-h-1 naloxone (group II, n=20), 0.1 μg-kg-1-h-1 naloxone (group III, n=20) and 0.2 μg-kg-1-h-1 naloxone (group IV, n=20). Visual analog scales (VAS) for pain during rest and cough, nausea five-point scale (NFPS) for nausea and vomiting, and ramsay sedation score (RSS) for sedation were assessed at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. Analgesia and side effects were evaluated by blinded observers.

Results

Seventy-eight patients were included in this study. The intravenous tramadol administration provided the satisfied analgesia. There was no significant difference in either resting or coughing VAS scores among naloxone groups and control group. Compared with control group, sedation was less in groups II, III, and IV at 6, 12, and 24 hours (P <0.05); nausea was less in groups II, III and IV than group I at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively (P <0.05). The incidence of vomiting in the control group was 35% vs. 10% for the highest dose naloxone group (group IV) (P <0.01).

Conclusion

A small-dose naloxone infusion could reduce tramadol induced side effects without reversing its analgesic effects.
Inflammatory airway features and hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal axis function in asthmatic rats combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: CAI Cui , ZHANG Hong-ying , LE Jing-jing , DONG Jing-cheng , CUI Yan , XU Chang-qing , LIU Bao-jun , WU Jin-feng , DUAN Xiao-hong , CAO Yu-xue
Published: January 2024

Background

Bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are both inflammatory airway diseases with different characteristics. However, there are many patients who suffer from both BA and COPD. This study was to evaluate changes of inflammatory airway features and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in asthmatic rats combined with COPD.

Methods

Brown Norway (BN) rats were used to model the inflammatory airway diseases of BA, COPD and COPD+BA. These three models were compared and evaluated with respect to clinical symptoms, pulmonary histopathology, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammatory cytokines and HPA axis function.

Results

The inflammatory airway features and HPA axis function in rats in the COPD+BA model group were greatly influenced. Rats in this model group showed features of the inflammatory diseases BA and COPD. The expression of inflammatory cytokines in this model group might be up or downregulated when both disease processes are present. The levels of corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNA and corticosterone in this model group were both significantly decreased than those in the control group (P <0.05).

Conclusions

BN rat can be used as an animal model of COPD+BA. By evaluating this animal model we found that the features of inflammation in rats in this model group seem to be exaggerated. The HPA axis functions in rats in this model group have been disturbed or impaired, which is prominent at the hypothalamic level.
Effects of buried penis on the structure and function of corpus cavernosum in a rat model
Authors: CHENG Fan , YU Wei-min , XIA Yue , ZHANG Xiao-bin , YANG Si-xing , GE Ming-huan
Published: January 2024

Background

While the abnormal appearance of the concealed penis has been well recognized, the effect of buried penis on the structure and function of corpus cavernosum has not been well studied. To explore this issue, we established a rat model and evaluated the effect of buried penis on cavernosum weight, contents and ultrastructure of tissue, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity.

Methods

Two hundred and ten rats were randomly divided into 3 equal cohorts for 2, 4 and 6 months study (groups A, B and C). Each group was randomly divided into buried group (n=40), control group (n=15), and normal group (n=15), respectively. Intra-purse-string suture of the root of the penis was used to establish the model. Macroscopic development was judged by measuring the weight of the corpus cavernosum. Masson's trichrome staining was performed for observing microstructure while a transmission electron microscope was used for observing ultrastructure. The NOS activity was detected by a NOS activity assay kit.

Results

Buried penis had no significant influence on the appearance and weight of the corpus cavernosum. Buried penis resulted in decreased smooth muscle content (P >0.05 in group A, and P <0.05 in groups B and C) and increased fibrous connective tissue content (P >0.05 in groups A and B, and P <0.05 in group C) compared with the normal and control groups. Ultrastructural abnormalities of corpus cavernosum were observed in the 6-month buried group. Moreover, there was decrease of NOS activity in groups B and C (P <0.05 in group B and P <0.01 in group C) when compared with the normal and control groups.

Conclusion

Buried penis affects the structure and function of corpus cavernosum in rats and the effect is positively correlated with the buried time, but there is no significant effect on the macroscopic development.

Chin Med J 2010;123(13):1736–1740
Blood hibernation: a novel strategy to inhibit systemic inflammation and coagulation induced by cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: ZHOU Jing , WU Xiao-dong , LIN Ke , Raphael Lui C. , AN Qi , TAO Kai-yu , DU Lei , LIU Jin
Published: January 2024

Background

Inflammation and coagulation are two intimately cross-linked defense mechanisms of most, if not all organisms to injuries. During cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), these two processes are activated and interact with each other through several common pathways, which may result in subsequent organ dysfunction. In the present study, we hypothesized that the addition of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), and aprotinin to the systemic circulation, hereby referred to as blood hibernation, would attenuate the inflammation and coagulation induced by CPB.

Methods

Thirty adult mongrel dogs were equally divided into five groups, anesthetized and placed on hypothermic CPB (32°C). Each group received respectively the following treatments: (1) inhalation of 40 ppm nitric oxide; (2) intravenous infusion of 20 ng·kg-1·min-1 of PGE1; (3) 80 000 kallikrein inhibitor units (KIU)/kg of aprotinin; (4) the combination of all three agents (blood hibernation group); and (5) no treatment (control group) during CPB. Activation of leukocyte, platelet, endothelial cell, and formation of thrombin were assessed after CPB.

Results

As compared with the other four groups, leukocyte counts were higher, while plasma elastase, interleukin-8, CD11b mRNA expression, myeloperoxidase activities and lung tissue leukocyte counts were lower in the blood hibernation group (P <0.05 versus other four groups after CPB). Plasma prothrombin fragment (PTF)1+2, and platelet activation factors were lower, while platelet counts were higher in the blood hibernation group (P <0.05 versus other four groups at 6 and 12 hours after CPB). Electron microscopy showed endothelial pseudopods protrusion, with cell adherence in all four groups except the blood hibernation group where endothelial cells remained intact.

Conclusion

Blood hibernation, effected by the addition of nitric oxide, PGE1 and aprotinin to the circulating blood during extra-corporeal circulation, was observed to attenuate the inflammation and coagulation induced by cardiopulmonary bypass, most likely by inhibiting the important common intermediates between the two cross-linked processes.

Chin Med J 2010;123(13):1741–1747
Calcitonin gene-related peptide induces proliferation and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression via extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in rat osteoblasts
Authors: HAN Na , ZHANG Dian-ying , WANG Tian-bing , ZHANG Pei-xun , JIANG Bao-guo
Published: January 2024

Background

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a sensory neuropeptide, affects osteoblast proliferation and bone formation. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine that stimulates the migration of monocytes and plays important roles in regulating bone remolding during fracture repair. In this study, we investigated the effects of CGRP on proliferation and MCP-1 expression in cultured rat osteoblasts.

Methods

Primary rat osteoblasts were isolated from fetal rats calvariae. Cells were exposed to gradient concentrations (10-9 to 10-7 mol/L) of CGRP. Protein and mRNA levels of MCP-1 were quantified by Western blotting and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The protein level of MCP-1 was investigated and compared in cell culture media by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression was detected by Western blotting. Cell proliferative activity was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and BrdU assay. The effects of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)-inhibitor U0126 on CGRP-induced MCP-1 expression in primary rat osteoblasts were examined.

Results

CGRP effectively enhanced primary rat osteoblast proliferation and led to significant increases in the expression of MCP-1 mRNA and protein in time- and dose-dependent manners. CGRP activated the ERK pathway. Pretreatment of cultured rat osteoblasts with MEK inhibitor U0126 resulted in dose-dependent inhibitions of CGRP-induced MCP-1 mRNA and protein levels. Thus, CGRP promoted cell proliferation and stimulated MCP-1 expression in cultured rat osteoblasts.

Conclusion

These studies document novel links between CGRP and MCP-1 and illuminate the effects of CGRP in regulating bone remodeling.

Chin Med J 2010;123(13):1748–1753
Safety and efficacy of transulnar approach for coronary angiography and intervention
Authors: LI Yun-zhi , ZHOU Yu-jie , ZHAO Ying-xin , GUO Yong-he , LIU Yu-yang , SHI Dong-mei , WANG Zhi-jian , JIA De-an , YANG Shi-wei , NIE Bin , HAN Hong-ya , HU Bin
Published: January 2024

Background

Transradial approach, which is now widely used in coronary angiography and intervention, may be advantageous with respect to the femoral access due to the lower incidence of vascular complications. Transulnar approach has been proposed for elective procedures in patients not suitable for transradial approach. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the transulnar approach versus the transradial approach for coronary angiography and intervention.

Methods

Two hundred and forty patients undergoing coronary angiography, followed or not by intervention, were randomized to transulnar (TUA) or transradial approach (TRA). Doppler ultrasound assessments of the forearm vessels were scheduled for all patients before procedures, 1 day and 30 days after procedures. The primary end point was access site vascular complications during hospitalization and 30 days follow-up. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) as secondary end point was recorded till 30 days follow-up.

Results

Successful puncture was achieved in 98.3% (118/120) of patients in the TUA group, and in 100% (120/120) of patients in the TRA group. Coronary angiographies were performed in 40 and 39 patients in TUA and TRA group. Intervention procedures were performed in 78 and 83 patients in TUA and TRA group, respectively. The incidence of artery stenosis 1 day and 30 days after procedures was 11.0% vs.12.3% and 5.1% vs. 6.6% in TUA and TRA group, respectively. Asymptomatic access site artery occlusion occurred in 5.1% vs.1.7% of patients 1 day and 30 days after transulnar angioplasty, and in 6.6% vs. 4.9% of patients 1 day and 30 days after transradial angioplasty. Minor bleeding was still observed at the moment of the ultrasound assessment in 5.9% and 5.7% of patients in TUA and TRA group, respectively (P=0.949). No big forearm hematoma, and A-V fistula were observed in both groups. Freedom from MACE at 30 days follow-up was observed in all patients.

Conclusions

The transulnar approach is as safe and effective as the transradial approach for coronary angiography and intervention. It is an attractive opinion for experienced operators who are skilled in this technique, particularly in cases of anatomic variations of the radial artery, radial artery small-caliber or thin radial pulse.

Chin Med J 2010;123(13):1774–1779
Pulmonary fungal infections after bone marrow transplantation: the value of high-resolution computed tomography in predicting their etiology
Authors: LI Xiang-sheng , ZHU Hong-xian , FAN Hong-xia , ZHU Ling , WANG Heng-xiang , SONG Yun-long
Published: January 2024

Background

The correct diagnosis of etiology of fungal infection after bone marrow transplantation is very important to the choice of antifungal drugs and a premise for improvement of therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to compare high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings of the pulmonary fungal infections to determine whether the etiology of various fungal infections could be diagnosed with HRCT.

Methods

Eighty-five cases were enrolled. According to the pathogens responsible for fungal infections, the patients were classified into three groups including invasive aspergillosis (n=52), candidiasis (n=19) and cryptococcosis (n=14) groups. All the patients underwent HRCT scans. Two independent radiologists retrospectively analyzed the HRCT scans regarding CT patterns and distribution of lung abnormality.

Results

Most fungal infections in the three groups occurred in the neutropenic phase. There was no significant difference in the constituent ratio of fungal infections at different phases after bone marrow transplantation among the three groups. Agreement between the two observers for all the CT characteristics of fungal infections was excellent (k >0.75). There was a significant difference in occurrence ratio of mass among the three groups (P=0.02). Occurrence ratio of mass (43.3%, 13/30) in the group with invasive aspergillosis was higher than in each of other two groups (20.0%, 2/10; 14.3%, 1/7). There was no significant difference in other CT characteristics of nodules or masses; including number, margin, halo sign, cavitation and air-crescent sign. There was no significant difference in number, margin, air bronchogram and distribution of air-space consolidation.

Conclusions

The HRCT appearance of various pulmonary fungal infections has a great deal of overlap and is nonspecific. Mass is more common in invasive aspergillosis, which is helpful to the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis after bone marrow transplantation.
Comparison of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography performed without radiography and with ultrasound-guidance in the management of acute pancreaticobiliary disease in pregnant patients
Authors: HUANG Ping , ZHANG Hao , ZHANG Xiao-feng , ZHANG Xiao , LÜ Wen , FAN Zhen
Published: January 2024

Background

Currently, the recommendation when treating acute biliary or pancreatic disease during pregnancy is to perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) without radiation exposure, either empirically (with no radiographic guidance) or with ultrasound guidance. However, few published studies compared these two ways. This study aimed to compare ultrasound-guided ERCP with the procedure without radiographic guidance in the treatment of acute pancreaticobiliary disease in pregnant patients.

Methods

The clinical data of 68 pregnant patients with acute pancreaticobiliary disease admitted to our hospital between January 2004 and May 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. ERCP was performed without radiographic guidance in 36 cases (group A) and with ultrasound guidance in 32 cases (group B). Data on the following variables were compared between the two groups: surgical success rate, rate of complete stone removal, time to resolution of clinical manifestations and laboratory indicators, length of hospital stay, complications, outcome and differences in efficacy of ERCP during different stages of pregnancy.

Results

In group A, the rates of surgical success and complete removal of stones were 69% and 60%, respectively; the corresponding values were 91% and 89% in group B (P <0.05). Postoperatively, clinical manifestations improved rapidly in all patients; there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P >0.05). Leukocyte counts and liver function had improved significantly after one week in all patients; they recovered more quickly in group B ((8.64±1.83) days vs. (14.57±3.74) days, (14.29±4.64) days vs. (20.00±5.40) days, P <0.01). The hospital stay was shorter in group B ((16.28±7.25) days vs. (28.00±6.83) days, P <0.001). The complication rate was 14% in group A and 3% in group B (P <0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the procedure's efficacy during different stages of pregnancy.

Conclusions

In the treatment of acute pancreaticobiliary disease during pregnancy, ultrasound-guided ERCP is safer and more effective than performing the procedure empirically without radiographic guidance when performed by experienced practitioners. Its more widespread use is recommended.
Prevalence of low back pain among soldiers at an army base
Authors: HOU Zhen-hai , SHI Jian-guo , YE Hong , NI Zhi-ming , YAO Jun , ZHENG Long-bao , LIU Zhi-rong , GAO Ying , WANG Jian
Published: January 2024

Background

Low back pain (LBP) is a major medical and social problem among working populations and is associated with high medical expense, loss of productivity, and disability. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of LBP among soldiers and evaluate the possible causative factors in military training. The results may provide an insight into changes needed in military training that will reduce the occurrence of LBP among soldiers.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a group of young soldiers in China to estimate the prevalence of LBP and evaluate possible causative factors in military training.

Results

The survey was distributed to 1659 soldiers, of whom 1624 responded. LBP was reported by 425 of the 1624 (26.2%) soldiers. The prevalence of LBP was higher in the armored force (51.3%) than in the artillery (27.5%) or infantry (11.9%). A multivariate logical regression analysis identified night training, 5 km cross-country race, and grenade-throwing training as military training risk factors for LBP.

Conclusions

The relatively high incidence of LBP among soldiers was related to night training, 5 km racing, and grenade throwing. Modifications in these training methods should enhance the health of recruits and lower the incidence of LBP.
Associated factors with repeat coronary angioplasty during the drug eluting stent era: a high volume center investigation
Authors: LIU Chen , YAN Hong-bing , ZHAO Han-jun , SONG Li , ZHENG Bin , CHI Yun-peng , WANG Shao-ping , WANG Jian , PENG Hong-yu , WU Zheng
Published: January 2024

Background

Repeat percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with unfavorable prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease, but there is a current lack of related systematic cross-sectional studies in China. The survey was to investigate a real world of repeat PCIs and their associated factors during the drug eluting stent era in a Beijing high volume center.

Methods

A comprehensive review of the institution's database between January 2006 and July 2009 was conducted. Demographic information, concomitant diseases, peri-procedure laboratory examinations and angiographic features were collected consecutively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to explore the risk factors associated with repeat PCIs.

Results

A total of 13 404 patients were included in the analysis. Of which, 1946 patients (14.5%) had prior PCI procedure. More males patients had previous PCI than the females (15.7% vs 10.9%, P <0.001). After adjustment for age, gender, concomitant diseases, angiographic and procedural factors, a multivariate model showed that male, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and previous myocardial infarction, left main disease were identified as independent risk factors of repeat PCIs. Of which, previous myocardial infarction (odds ratio: 2.58, 95% confidence interval: 2.27-2.92) was highly related with repeat PCIs.

Conclusion

The frequency of repeat PCIs was 14.5% in this cross-sectional investigation, and their associated factors included male, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and previous MI and left main disease during drug eluting stent era.
A new anastomosis method for choledochojejunostomy by the way behind antrue pyloricum
Authors: YANG Xin-wei , YANG Jue , WANG Kui , ZHANG Bao-hua , SHEN Feng , WU Meng-chao
Published: January 2024

Background

Reflux cholangitis has been the most common complication after Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy. In this study we intended to evaluate the perioperative and long-term efficacy of a new anastomosis method for choledochojejunostomy.

Methods

Clinical data of 143 eligible patients who underwent choledochojejunostomy in the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, China between January 2007 and December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Among the patients, 38 consecutive cases underwent this new anastomosis method for choledochojejunostomy (improved group, IG) and 105 underwent standard Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy (control group, CG). Changes in the incidence of cholangitis, the time of beginning to eat liquid meals, post-operative delayed gastric emptying and liver function between the two groups were compared.

Results

There was no statistical difference in the levels of alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase and gamma-glutamy transferase between the two groups. The time of beginning to eat liquid meals was significantly shorter in IG than CG (P <0.05). The incidence of delayed gastric emptying was lower in IG than CG, with statistical tendency between the two groups (P=0.052). Among nine patients with different degrees of acute cholangitis in the two groups, one patient (2.6%) in IG and eight (7.6%) in CG suffered from acute cholangitis within six months of follow-up after discharge, but with no statistical difference between the two groups (P >0.05). Of the nine patients with acute cholangitis, none in IG and four in CG were hospitalized for further treatment (P >0.05).

Conclusions

Patients in IG had satisfactory perioperative and long-term prognosis with shorter time of beginning to eat liquid meals and lower incidence of delayed gastric emptying. This new procedure of choledochojejunostomy by the way behind antrue pyloricum was easy and safe to perform with no mortality and low complication rates.
Tissue-engineered conduit using bladder acellular matrix and bladder epithelial cells for urinary diversion in rabbits
Authors: LIAO Wen-biao , SONG Chao , LI Yong-wei , YANG Si-xing , MENG Lin-chao , LI Xin-hui
Published: January 2024

Background

For muscle invasive bladder cancer, radical cystectomy is the most effective treatment now and urinary diversion is often necessary. The use of intestinal tissue for urinary diversion is frequently associated with complications. In this study, we aimed to make a tissue-engineered conduit (TEC) using bladder epithelial cells and bladder acellular matrix (BAM) for urinary diversion in rabbits.

Methods

Bladder epithelial cells of rabbit were cultivated and expanded in vitro, then seeded on BAM, and cultured for 7 days. Then cell-seeded graft was used to make TEC. In the experimental group, most of bladder of the rabbit was removed while bladder trigone was retained. The proximal end of TEC was anastomosed with bladder trigone and the distal end was anastomosed with the abdominal stoma. In the control group, TEC was made using unseeded BAM. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted, respectively, at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively. Immunohistochemistry was performed 8 weeks postoperatively. Intravenous urography, retrograde pyelography, and cystoscopy of TEC were made at 12 weeks postoperatively.

Results

All animals were alive in the experimental group. Haematoxylin and eosin staining showed epithelial coverage in TEC. Immunohistochemistry showed anti-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 antibody and anti-ZO1 antibody positive, confirming there were mature and functional epithelial cells on the lumen of TEC. Retrograde pyelography and intravenous urography showed that TEC developed well and that there was no obstruction. In the control group, four rabbits were dead within 2 weeks and scar formation, atresia, and severe hydronephrosis were found.

Conclusions

We successfully made TEC using BAM and bladder epithelial cells for urinary diversion in rabbits. The lumen of this new TEC covered mature epithelial cells and could prevent urinary extravasation.
Research progress in traumatic brain penumbra
Authors: Wang Kai , Liu Baiyun , Ma Jun
Published: January 2024

Objective

Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), brain tissue that surrounding the regional primary lesion is known as traumatic penumbra; this region may undergo secondary injury and is considered to have the potential to recover. This review aimed to reveal the existence and significance of traumatic penumbra by analyzing all relevant studies concerning basic pathologic changes and brain imaging after TBI.

Data sources

We collected all relevant studies about TBI and traumatic penumbra in Medline (1995 to June 2013) and ISI (1997 to March 2013), evaluated their quality and relevance, then extracted and synthesized the information.

Study selection

We included all relevant studies concerning TBI and traumatic penumbra (there was no limitation of research design and article language) and excluded the duplicated articles.

Results

The crucial pathological changes after TBI include cerebral blood flow change, cerebral edema, blood-brain barrier damage, cell apoptosis and necrosis. Besides, traditional imaging method cannot characterize the consequences of CBF reduction at an early stage and provides limited insights into the underlying pathophysiology. While advanced imaging technique, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and positron emission tomography (PET), may provide better characterization of such pathophysiology.

Conclusions

The future of traumatic brain lesions depends to a large extent on the evolution of the penumbra. Therefore, understanding the formation and pathophysiologic process of the traumatic penumbra and its imaging research progress is of great significant for early clinical determination and timely brain rescue.