bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intussuscepção aguda na criança
Authors: Curti Primo
Published: April 2024

Em nossa série, a aplicação da pressão hidrostática da coluna baritada em 12 casos de intussuscepção aguda não evitou a operação em nenhum, enquanto a redução pelo enema havia sido conseguida em 2 casos. Os 4 óbitos cirúrgicos não contituam contra-indicação da cirurgia, porquanto as fatalidades se verificaram nas primeiras 12 horas do pós-operatório (6, 8, 9 e 12 horas) e foram devidas, provavelmente, ao estado de choque.É nítida a predominância da invaginação primária no segundo e terceiro trimestres do primeiro ano de vida e no sexo masculino.A maior cooperação entre o pediatra e o cirurgião contribuirá para diminuir a mortalidade.
Malária
Authors: Boulos Marcos
Published: April 2024

Este trabalho de revisão objetiva rever aspectos gerais da malária, caracterizando a importância da mesma nos dias de hoje. Malária é a principal doença endêmica existente no mundo com centenas de milhões de casos novos anualmente e com aproximadamente 2 milhões de mortes devidas a ela neste mesmo período. No Brasil represente importante Ônus social, principalmente na região amazônica, onde ocorre quase a totalidade dos casos. Após período de incubação variável apresenta quadro clínico caracterizado por "acessos" com calafrio, febre e sudorese na sua forma mais típica, podendo porém cursar com sintomas mais intensos e diversos e até mesmo com ausência de sintomas característicos em regiões de intensa endemicidade. O plasmódio, parasita causador da malária, pode levar a comprometimento diverso no hospedeiro humano na dependência da espécie do mesmo e de características imunes do homem. Estão envolvidos na patogenia da doença alterações decorrentes do processo mecânico de invasão e destruição da hemácia e reação inflamatóriadevido a participação de citocinas em intensidade maior que a necessária para o controle, com destaque para o FNT-a. O diagnóstico é realizado pela pesquisa direta do hematozoário, e o tratamento vem se modificando devido ao desenvolvimento de resistência do Plasmodium falciparum aos diferentes medicamentos. A profilaxia individual é realizada impedindo-se o contato do anofelino com a pele ou através medicamentos em áreas de malária sensível à cloroquina, enquanto que a coletiva é feita com medidas de saneamento, drenagem de coleções de água e emprego de inseticidas de depósito em paredes de casas em regiões endêmicas.
O estudo do genoma humano contribuindo para a compreensão, o diagnóstico e a prevenção de doenças genéticas: o exemplo das doenças neuromusculares
Authors: Zatz Mayana
Published: April 2024

O anúncio da finalização do Genoma Humano passará a trazer muitas respostas relacionadas ao aspecto molecular de diversas patologias mas também trará muitas perguntas como: Qual o benefício para a Medicina ao se estudar os genes? Quais os aspectos éticos envolvidos? Quais as perspectivas reais diante dessa decoberta? Estudar doenças genéticas auxilia o estudo dos genes até mesmo em seu aspecto ético, mesmo tendo em vista que o Genoma Humano pouco tenha trazido de novidades para as principais doenças genéticas, já que seus genes já eram conhecidos. Aqui será mostrado o exemplo das Doenças Neuromusculares, mais exatamente as Distrofias Musculares, desde seus aspectos genéticos e moleculares até suas diferentes apresentações, seu diagnóstico, os fatores de risco e as questões envolvidas no aconselhamento genético.
Aspectos moleculares das craniossinostoses: implicações no diagnóstico e aconselhamento genético
Authors: Passos-Bueno Maria Rita , Jehee Fernanda Sarquis , Armelin Lúcia Maria Libório
Published: April 2024

Graniossinostose caracteriza-se pelo fechamento prematuro de uma ou mais suturas cranianas. As craniossinostoses formam um grupo bastante heterogêneo, com uma incidência de 1 para 2000-3000 nascimentos. Tanto fatores ambientais como genéticos podem estar relacionados com o surgimento das craniossinostoses. Na última década, verificou-se que mutações em 4 genes (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, TWIST) podem causar formas sindrômicas de craniossinostose bem definidas clinicamente, a saber: Sindromes de Apert, Pfeiffer, Crouzon, Jackson-Weiss, Beare-Stevenson e Saethre-Chotzen. Ainda, duas novas síndromes foram clinicamente e molecularmente caracterizadas: a síndrome de Muenke e a de Boston. O quadro clínico associado com estas duas formas de craniossinostose é bastante variado. incluindo desde paciente com crânio em trevo até aqueles com apenas craniossinostose da sutura coronal (bilateral ou unilateral), os quais são classificados como portadores de craniossinostose não sindrômica. Uma precisa correlação fenótipo-genótipo têm sido difícil na grande maioria dos casos devido à sobreposição do quadro clínico e pela heterogeneidade genética do grupo, e portanto o teste molecular pode ser importante para o diagnóstico de um grande número de pacientes. O padrão de herança das craniossinostoses acima referidas é o autossômico dominante, o que significa que um indivíduo afetado possui 50% de chance de vir a ter um filho afetado com a mesma condição. Outros padrões de herança também têm sido relatados, sendo sempre importante uma avaliação genética e clínica de todos os membros da família do afetado. Exemplificamos com dois casos atendidos em nosso laboratório, a importância do uso de testes moleculares para a confirmação do diagnóstico e realização precisa do aconselhamento genético.
Noções de Numismática (III)
Authors: Coimbra Álvaro da Veiga
Published: April 2024

Texto que integra a série de artigos publicados sobre Numismática
Uma inquietação da história. Sobre a gênese da história da Historiografia na França - 1940-1990
Authors: Brandi Felipe
Published: April 2024

Os estudos de Teoria da História e de Historiografia obtêm grande sucesso no Brasil. Entretanto, apesar do número crescente de publicações e da atual voga de temas provenientes da história da historiografia, esse campo permanece, mundo afora, desprovido de uma base institucional segura e mal reconhecido. O presente artigo procura retraçar algumas etapas, muitas delas hoje esquecidas, do lento e vacilante reconhecimento dos estudos de Historiografia entre os historiadores franceses desde o final da Segunda Guerra. Nosso objetivo é duplo: a) impedir que tantos esforços empreendidos, na França, para promover a história da historiografia e aproximar historiadores empíricos e teóricos caiam no esquecimento; e b) denunciar a frágil situação institucional dos estudos de Teoria e de Historiografia dentro da escola francesa e alhures. Tal fragilidade institucional é hoje tanto mais alarmante que ela parece ofuscada pela pletora de publicações que caracteriza o nosso presente.
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus in Brazil’s inmate population: a systematic review
Authors: Magri Mariana Cavalheiro , Ibrahim Karim Yaqub , Pinto Walkyria Pereira , França Francisco Oscar de Siqueira , Bernardo Wanderley Marques , Tengan Fátima Mitiko
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Brazil’s inmate population. METHODS Systematic review on hepatitis C virus infection in the inmate population. Brazilian studies published from January 1, 1989 to February 20, 2014 were evaluated. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using a scale of 0 to 8 points. RESULTS Eleven eligible studies were analyzed and provided data on hepatitis C virus infection among 4,375 inmates from seven states of Brazil, with a mean quality classification of 7.4. The overall hepatitis C virus prevalence among Brazilian inmates was 13.6% (ranging from 1.0% to 41.0%, depending on the study). The chances of inmates being seropositive for hepatitis C virus in the states of Minas Gerais (MG), Sergipe (SE), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Goiás (GO) and Espirito Santo (ES) were 84.0% (95%CI 0.06;0.45), 92.0% (95%CI 0.04;0.13), 88.0% (95%CI 0.09;0.18), 74.0% (95%CI 0.16;0.42), 84.0% (95%CI 0.08;0.31) and 89.0% (95%CI 0.01;0.05) respectively, lower than that observed in the Sao Paulo state (seroprevalence of 29.3%). The four studies conducted in the city of Sao Paulo revealed a lower prevalence in more recent studies compared to older ones. CONCLUSIONS The highest prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Brazil’s inmate population was found in Sao Paulo, which may reflect the urban diversity of the country. Despite Brazilian studies having good methodological quality to evaluate the prevalence of the hepatitis C virus, they are scarce and lack data on risk factors associated with this infection, which could support decisions on prevention and implementation of public health policies for Brazilian prisons.
Morphological and molecular insights into the hidden edible mushroom diversity in Sri Lanka
Authors: DASANTHI NADUNI , THAMBUGALA KASUN M. , KARUNARATHNA SAMANTHA C. , EDIRIWEERA ASENI , MUNASINGHE HELANI , ELGORBAN ABDALLAH M. , HARISCHANDRA HIRUNI , DHARMASENA BUDDHIKA P.
Published: April 2024

With the increasing world population, identifying additional food sources is crucial. Mushrooms have long been considered a nutraceutical and are consumed globally, including in Sri Lanka. Due to its abundant biodiversity, there is a significant potential for diverse wild edible mushrooms in Sri Lanka. However, the identification of these mushrooms based on morphological characteristics can often be misleading. Molecular characterization ensures more accurate and reliable identification of mushrooms, yet it has not been conducted extensively in Sri Lanka. This study collected several wild edible mushroom samples from Colombo and Rathnapura Districts of Sri Lanka. The edibility of these wild edible mushrooms was confirmed based on traditional knowledge and later verified by published literature. Phylogenetic analyses based on maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of ITS rDNA sequence data and morphological characteristics were used to determine the identity of the collected mushrooms. In this study, six edible mushrooms, Calvatia candida, Pleurotus giganteus, Schizophyllum radiatum, Termitomyces heimii, T. microcarpus, and Volvariella volvacea were identified based on morphology and phylogeny. Calvatia candida and S. radiatum are reported as new records for Sri Lanka, while this is the first study conducted on molecular characterization of V. volvacea in Sri Lanka. Finally, this study aims to increase the research interest, cultivation, commercialization, and conservation of these identified edible mushrooms in Sri Lanka.
Bazzania calypogeoides (Marchantiophyta)—a peculiar new taxon from Eastern Hengduan (China)
Authors: BAKALIN VADIM , MALTSEVA YULIA , KLIMOVA KSENIA , MA WEN ZHANG
Published: April 2024

Bazzania calypogeoides is described from several localities on the eastern edge of the Hengduan mountain system in Sino-Himalaya. The species is characterized by shallowly emarginate underleaves, strongly convex leaves, curved to the ventral side and with a very short sinus resulting in two unequal lobes. The position of the species was assessed using morphological and molecular genetic analyses. A morphologically similar species, B. wooroonooran, is known from Australasia and eastern Melanesia, but differs in several features. A description of the species, illustrations and discussions on the ecology and geography of the new taxon are provided.
Synopsis of Pavonia Cav. (Malvaceae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: TAVARES ALINE BELÉM , ALVES MARCCUS
Published: April 2024

Pavonia stands out as one of the most diverse genera within the Malvaceae, boasting 270 species with a widespread distribution throughout the Americas. The defining characteristics of the genus include the presence of an epicalyx, five carpels, 10 stigmas, and the absence of nectaries in the leaf and foliaceous bracts. This research focuses on presenting the Pavonia species in the state of Pernambuco, located in Northeastern Brazil, utilizing herbarium consultations. Among the 13 Pavonia species documented in Pernambuco, the majority are distributed across the Caatinga (7 species) and the Mata (5 species) phytogeographic zones. Notably, P. cancellata is found in all zones. This study unveils two new records for Pernambuco—P. hexaphylla and P. repens. Additionally, the distribution of P. ducke-limae, originally endemic to the Atlantic Forest, is expanded. Within the Caatinga, three species—P. glazioviana, P. repens, and P. varians are identified as endemic. Furthermore, lectotypification is performed for the names P. blanchetiana, P. glazioviana, and P. varians.
Annotated checklist of the Urticaceae of Timor
Authors: SILVEIRA PAULO C. , CONN BARRY J. , HADIAH JULISASI TRI , PAIVA JORGE A. R. , SILVA HELENA , WILMOT-DEAR CHRISTINE MELANIE
Published: April 2024

A commented checklist of the Urticaceae of Timor is presented. The list includes 25 recorded taxa, among which, six (Elatostema strigosum Hassk., Laportea bulbifera (Siebold & Zucc.) Wedd., Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd., Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd., Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm., and Pilea angulata (Blume) Blume) are, as far as we could check, recorded for the first time. Further, six taxa are uncertain or to be discarded. Overall, the list includes 10 confirmed genera (Boehmeria, Debregeasia, Dendrocnide, Elatostema, Girardinia, Laportea, Lecanthus, Pilea, Pipturus and Pouzolzia), among which the most diverse are Pouzolzia and Laportea, both with 5 taxa, and three more (Urera, Urtica and Procris) remain unconfirmed.
Reinstatement and lectotypification of Phyllanthus rosellus (Phyllanthaceae), an endemic species from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: TORRES ALÍCIA MARQUES , DA SILVA MARCOS JOSÉ
Published: April 2024

Phyllanthus rosellus, an endemic species from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, was treated under Phyllanthus niruri subsp. lathyroides. After analyzing herbarium collections, including all types related to the names P. niruri and P. rosellus, we conclude that both species are morphologically distinguishable, and consequently we propose the reinstatement of P. rosellus. Additionally, as the latter is a species usually known from literature dating from the 19th century, where its description overlaps with that of some congeners, we provide its description, illustrations, preliminary conservation status, images in their habitat, as well as designate a lectotype for it.
Two new species in Hieracium sect. Alpestria (Asteraceae) from Mt. Babia Góra, Western Carpathians, Poland
Authors: SZELĄG ZBIGNIEW
Published: April 2024

Two apomictic, tetraploid (x=9) species in Hieracium sect. Alpestria are described from Mt. Babia Góra, the northernmost mountain massif in the whole Carpathian chain with an alpine belt. Hieracium babiogorense combines the morphological features of H. prenanthoides s.lat. and H. bifidum s.lat., and H. besseri is of presumably hybrid origin between H. prenanthoides s.lat. and H. caesium s.lat. Both new species are illustrated with photos of the holotypes and live plants in the type localities.
Lectotypification of four names in the genus Gymnosporia (Celastraceae)
Authors: BHAT ABHISHEK T. , PRABHUKUMAR KONICKAL MAMBETTA , RANA TIKAM SINGH
Published: April 2024

While revising the genus Gymnosporia with respect to India, it was found that four names viz. G. emarginata, G. rufa, G. rufa var. latifolia and G. wallichiana required lectotypification and are typified here as per the recent rules of ICN.
Litsea vagamonica (Lauraceae): a new species from southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India
Authors: ROBI ALOOR JOSE , VIJAYASHARMA REVATHY
Published: April 2024

A new species in the family Lauraceae, Litsea vagamonica is described and illustrated from the Vagamon Hills, Kerala, India. The new species is similar to Litsea wightiana, from which it differs by its glabrous branchlets, thinly coriaceous leaves, glabrous on both surfaces, with acute to acuminate apex, glabrous petioles, densely puberulent brachyblasts, fulvous-tomentose involucral bracts, the inner ones with 6-nerves, stamens with stipitate glands, presence of a pistillode in male flowers, an ellipsoid, sparsely pubescent ovary in female flowers, and an ellipsoid fruit with puberulent fruit cupule on a glabrous, 0.9–1.2 cm long pedicel.
The lionfishes: Comparative development of Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) and discrimination of their early life stages from non-pteroine scorpaenid genera in the Western North Atlantic
Authors: DITTY JAMES G. , MALCA ESTRELLA , VÁSQUEZ-YEOMANS LOURDES
Published: April 2024

Despite the threat that lionfishes pose to non-native marine ecosystems worldwide, their early life stages (ELS) remain difficult to distinguish from morphologically similar taxa due to inadequate descriptions and poorly defined taxonomic characters. Two members of the Indo-Pacific marine assemblage commonly known as lionfishes, zebrafishes, firefishes, turkeyfishes, and butterfly-cods (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) are invasive in the Western North Atlantic (WNA). Here, we describe the ELS of Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and two transforming larvae and an early juvenile of D. hemprichi; review the early development of D. zebra and a larva described as D. bellus; identify characteristics that distinguish P. volitans from the four members of Dendrochirus; and compile meristic and distribution data for all currently valid species of lionfishes worldwide based on recent revisions and updated nomenclature. We also briefly describe a small juvenile of two poorly known non-pteroine deep-water scorpaenids, and discuss characteristics that distinguish the five pteroines from non-pteroine scorpaenid genera in the WNA. Differences in relative length and elevation of the parietal and nuchal spines, and in pigmentation patterns distinguish P. volitans from the four members of Dendrochirus. Pterois volitans has parietal spines two or more times longer than the nuchals with both sets of spines oriented about 30° above the longitudinal axis of the head, whereas the four members of Dendrochirus have relatively short parietal and nuchal spines subequal in length that lay flatter against the cranium (i.e., elevation ≤15° above longitudinal axis of head). Transforming larvae of the four members of Dendrochirus also develop saddles of pigment along the dorsal and ventral margins of the body that P. volitans lacks at the sizes examined. One or more of the following suite of traits distinguish larvae of the five pteroines from those of non-pteroine scorpaenids and other morphologically similar taxa: the presence or absence of a “shield” of pigment over the dorsolateral margin of the visceral mass (may be reduced or augmented with scattered blotches of pigment in larger larvae of some taxa); the relative length, elevation, and placement of the parietal and nuchal spines; the presence or absence of a small slit behind the fourth gill arch; differences in pectoral-fin length, shape, and extent of pigmentation; the relative size, length, and placement of spines along the posterior shelf of the preopercle (PPO); and the presence or absence, number, and placement of spine(s) along the opercle.
Description of three new species of Amphitritides Augener, 1922 (Terebellida, Annelida) from the coast of Namibia (South West Africa)
Authors: BICK ANDREAS , ZETTLER MICHAEL L.
Published: April 2024

Three new terebellid species with two pairs of arborescent branchiae, serrated notochaetae with bulbous wings and avicular uncini in completely separate double rows are described from the Namibian coast, SW Africa, found during different expeditions between 2004 and 2022. These species were assigned to the genus Amphitritides, A. jirkovi sp. nov., A. namibiensis sp. nov. and A. skeletonensis sp. nov. The main diagnostic characters of these species are discussed, especially in the light of the ongoing discussion of synonymising Amphitritides with Amphitrite and Paramphitrite. The features of the three newly described species are compared in a table. An identification key for all known species of Amphitritides is also provided.
Another new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Binh Dinh Province, south-central Vietnam
Authors: NGO HANH THI , DO QUYEN HANH , DO DANG TRONG , PHAM CUONG THE , BUI THANH PHUONG THI , HO ANH THI NGOC , NGUYEN TRUONG QUANG , ZIEGLER THOMAS , LE MINH DUC
Published: April 2024

We describe a new species of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis complex based on six adult specimens from Phu Cat District, Binh Dinh Province, Vietnam. Cyrtodactylus binhdinhensis sp. nov. is morphologically distinguished from the remaining congeners of the C. irregularis group by a combination of the following characteristics: Size medium (SVL up to 80.4 mm); nasal scales 4; internasal single; ventral scales in 39–42 longitudinal rows at midbody; ventrolateral folds present or absent without interspersed tubercles; precloacal pores 6 or 7 in males; 5 or 6 enlarged femoral scales on each thigh; femoral pores 10 in males; postcloacal tubercles 2–4; lamellae under toe IV 18–21; dorsal pattern consisting of slightly clear transverse banding formed by shaped dark brown bands, a continuous neckband with U-shape or triangle shape in the middle, dorsal head surface with small dark brown blotches; subcaudal scales transversely enlarged. In the phylogenetic analyses, the new species is recovered as a sister taxon to C. badenensis with approximately 15.34–16.15% genetic divergence between the two species based on a fragment of the COI gene.
The rediscovery of Epigomphus sulcatistyla Donnelly, 1989, with a description of its larva and female (Odonata: Gomphidae)
Authors: NOVELO-GUTIÉRREZ RODOLFO , GÓMEZ-ANAYA JOSÉ ANTONIO
Published: April 2024

The larva of Epigomphus sulcatistyla Donnelly, 1989 is described, figured and compared with other described Mexican larvae. It is characterized by 3rd antennomere spindle-shaped, almost twice longer than its widest part; ligula with a ventral row of eight short, truncate teeth on middle; abdomen lateral spines on S7–9 slightly divergent; male epiproct dorsal tubercles rounded apically and divergent distally. It differs from other Mexican species mainly in shape of 3rd antennomere, number of teeth on ligula, serrations on lateral margins of S8–9, and shape of cerci. Also, the hitherto unknown female is described, for the first time, based on four teneral female from reared larvae.
Feature-Based Structures of Opportunity: Genre Innovation in the American Popular Music Industry, 1958 to 2016
Authors: Kim Khwan , Askin Noah
Published: April 2024

We offer a new perspective on how cultural markets are structured and the conditions under which innovations are more likely to emerge. We argue that in addition to organization- and producer-level factors, product features—the locus of marketplace interaction between producers and consumers—also structure markets. The aggregated distribution of product features helps producers gauge where to differentiate or conform and when consumers may be more receptive to the kind of novelty that spawns new genres, our measure of innovation. We test our arguments with a unique dataset comprising the nearly 25,000 songs that appeared on the Billboard Hot 100 chart from 1958 to 2016, using computational methods to capture and analyze the aesthetic (sonic) and semantic (lyrical) features of each song and, consequently, the market for popular music. Results reveal that new genres are more likely to appear following markets that can be characterized as diverse along one feature dimension while homogenous along the other. We then connect specific configurations of feature distributions to subsequent song novelty before linking the aesthetic and semantic novelty of individual songs to genre emergence. We replicate our findings using industry-wide data and conclude with implications for the study of markets and innovation.
Is Effort Moderated Scoring Robust to Multidimensional Rapid Guessing?
Authors: Rios Joseph A. , Deng Jiayi
Published: April 2024

To mitigate the potential damaging consequences of rapid guessing (RG), a form of noneffortful responding, researchers have proposed a number of scoring approaches. The present simulation study examines the robustness of the most popular of these approaches, the unidimensional effort-moderated (EM) scoring procedure, to multidimensional RG (i.e., RG that is linearly related to examinee ability). Specifically, EM scoring is compared with the Holman–Glas (HG) method, a multidimensional scoring approach, in terms of model fit distortion, ability parameter recovery, and omega reliability distortion. Test difficulty, the proportion of RG present within a sample, and the strength of association between ability and RG propensity were manipulated to create 80 total conditions. Overall, the results showed that EM scoring provided improved model fit compared with HG scoring when RG comprised 12% or less of all item responses. Furthermore, no significant differences in ability parameter recovery and omega reliability distortion were noted when comparing these two scoring approaches under moderate degrees of RG multidimensionality. These limited differences were largely due to the limited impact of RG on aggregated ability (bias ranged from 0.00 to 0.05 logits) and reliability (distortion was ≤ .005 units) estimates when as much as 40% of item responses in the sample data reflected RG behavior.
An agent architecture for expressive spatial knowledge and reasoning in land use modeling and simulations
Authors: Tuekam Kakeu Severin Vianey , Fotsing Eric , Kameni Eric Desire , Antonio Nkenlifack Marcellin Julius
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a new cognitive agent design approach integrating spatial knowledge representation and reasoning in agent-based modeling dedicated to land use simulations. A deep motivation for our agent-centric contribution is the ever-increasing development of spatially explicit agent simulation platforms. We build on this technological evolution and topology theory to endow the agent with human’s spatial representation and reasoning following a Belief–Desire–Intention architecture. A pilot implementation of the methodology with simulation experiments on a hunting model was carried out in GAMA platform to assess agent performances. Simulations display a consistent trend of animal population dynamics and also confirm a high model sensitivity to the integration of spatial knowledge and reasoning in agent-based models of human actor. These results demonstrate a successful implementation and the importance of spatial dimension in the expressive power and the validity of agent-based models. Future research efforts should therefore emphasize on designing human knowledge representation and incorporating learning abilities to improve models efficiency.
Outside and Inside the Arena of Othering: Notions of ‘Intensive Mothering’ Revealed through Post-Abortion Narratives
Authors: ’t Hart Dorinda
Published: April 2024

This article explores the reproduction of the practice of ‘intensive mothering’ as theorised by Sharon Hays via the theoretical lens of Othering. Examining 20 post-abortion narratives that were shared by women living in Perth (Western Australia), I interrogate the Othering practice that distinguishes those who practise intensive mothering and those who cannot or do not, creating a line of division between the ‘good mother’ and the ‘bad mother’. While Othering tends to be examined uni-directionally, along clear boundary lines such as ethnicity and gender, I utilise the concept of the ‘arena of Othering’. I argue that the process of Othering excludes some people from participating in abortion discourse while bolstering the image of the responsible Self. By studying abortion narratives, this article contributes to both sets of literature: motherhood and Othering, making possible an interrogation of ‘intensive mothering’ and offering the alternative ‘good enough mothering’ to resist Othering.
The Relationship Between Microaggressions, Race-Based Traumatic Stress, and Posttraumatic Growth: Assessing the Moderating Role of Christian Gratitude for African American Christians
Authors: Gregorius Stephanie , Vazquez Veola , Park John
Published: April 2024

In the current study, the authors sought to understand the relationships between Christian gratitude (CG) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) following racial and ethnic microaggressions (REMs) and race-based traumatic stress (RBTS) in a sample of Black Christians in the United States ( N = 157). Using a moderated mediation analysis, the researchers explored the mediating role of RBTS in the link between REM and PTG, using CG as a moderator between RBTS and PTG. Findings showed a positive association between REM and PTG (a medium effect). Furthermore, a positive association appeared between REM and RBTS, and RBTS and PTG (both medium effects). Finally, inconsistent with the proposed hypothesis, the index of moderated mediation was not significant. In other words, CG showed no significant interactive relationship with RBTS for moderation between RBTS and PTG. The authors examine the therapeutic implications of the findings as well as potential directions for future research.
Type Diversity of Institutional Investors and Opportunistic Acquisitions
Authors: Bu Juan , Shi Wei , Yin Cheng
Published: April 2024

Institutional investors of different types have been shown to exert differential influences on firm strategic decisions individually. Yet, research has largely overlooked how institutional investors of different types can collectively affect firm decision-making. This study investigates the legal type diversity of institutional ownership (hereafter “investor type diversity”) and its influence on corporate acquisitions. Because institutional investors with different legal types have distinct interests and objectives, investor type diversity can create principal–principal conflicts and prevent institutional investors from undertaking coordinated actions, weakening their collective power and ability to play a governance role. We posit that investor type diversity will be positively associated with CEOs’ opportunistic acquisitions because the dilution of shareholder governance, resulting from investor type diversity, grants CEOs the leeway to champion acquisitions aligned more with their personal gains. We also argue that the positive influence of investor type diversity on opportunistic acquisitions will be stronger when CEOs possess a higher level of general managerial ability. However, acquisitions pursued in the presence of higher investor type diversity will be associated with poorer performance. Findings from a sample of 2,106 U.S. firms lend support to our arguments. This study advances strategy research by highlighting the importance of investor type diversity in shaping shareholder governance effectiveness.
Neurofilament light chain is elevated in patients with newly diagnosed idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A prospective study
Authors: Svart Katrine , Korsbæk Johanne Juhl , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Parkner Tina , Knudsen Cindy Søndersø , Hasselbalch Steen Gregers , Hagen Snorre Malm , Wibroe Elisabeth Arnberg , Molander Laleh Dehghani , Beier Dagmar
Published: May 2024

Background

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a secondary headache disorder potentially causing visual loss. Neurofilament light chain is a candidate, prognostic biomarker, but further studies of neuronal biomarkers are needed. Our objective was to investigate neurofilament light chain in cerebrospinal fluid (cNfL) and plasma (pNfL), amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ-42), total-tau and phosphorylated-tau in cerebrospinal fluid in new-onset idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Methods

Prospective case-control study including new-onset idiopathic intracranial hypertension and age, sex and BMI matched controls. Biomarkers were compared between patients and controls and related to papilledema, visual fields and opening pressure.

Results

We included 37 patients and 35 controls. Patients had higher age-adjusted cNfL (1.4 vs. 0.6 pg/mL, p-adjusted < 0.001), pNfL (0.5 vs. 0.3 pg/mL, p-adjusted < 0.001) and total-tau/Aβ-42 (0.12 vs. 0.11, p-adjusted = 0.039). Significant, positive linear correlations were found between cNfL, pNfL, total-tau/Aβ-42 and opening pressure. Patients with severe papilledema had elevated cNfL compared to mild-moderate papilledema (median cNfL: 4.3 pg/mL (3.7) versus 1.0 pg/mL (1.4), p-adjusted = 0.009). cNFL was inversely associated with perimetric mean deviation (r = −0.47, p-adjusted < 0.001).

Conclusions

cNfL, pNfL and total-tau/Aβ-42 were elevated in new-onset idiopathic intracranial hypertension. cNfL was associated with severity of papilledema and visual field defects at diagnosis. This indicates early axonal damage. Neurofilament light chain is a candidate biomarker for disease severity.
Path Optimization of Container Multimodal Transportation Considering Differences in Cargo Time Sensitivity
Authors: Yang Jinhai , Liang Danfeng , Zhang Zhuowu , Wang Huanfang , Bin Hou
Published: April 2024

To optimize the container multimodal transportation path selection problem with differences in cargo time sensitivity, this paper introduces the concept of mixed time windows and establishes an integer programming model from the perspective of carriers. The objective is to minimize the total transportation cost while meeting the customer’s on-time delivery requirements. The model imposes hard time window constraints on cargoes with on-time delivery requirements and soft time window constraints on general cargoes. A bi-level genetic algorithm is employed to solve the model. A case study is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Experimental results show that the bi-level genetic algorithm’s convergence ability, efficiency, stability, and global search capabilities are far superior to those of traditional single-level genetic algorithms. This indicates that the use of multi-stage solution approaches can mitigate the shortcomings of genetic algorithms in dealing with high-dimensional problems. In addition, when analyzing the effects of time penalty intensity and time window on decision-making results, it is found that the more time-sensitive cargoes are more likely to be affected by the time window setting, and will tend to sacrifice costs to ensure that the time demand is met. At the same time an increase in demand for time-sensitive services is accompanied by an increase in operating costs. Accurate assessment and classification of time sensitivity of cargoes can effectively prevent wasting resources in unnecessary areas, and ultimately maximize decision outcomes and ensure the most efficient use of resources.
Citizens’ Acceptance of Data-Driven Political Campaigning: A 25-Country Cross-National Vignette Study
Authors: Vliegenthart Rens , Vrielink Jade , Dommett Katharine , Gibson Rachel , Bon Esmeralda , Chu Xiaotong , de Vreese Claes , Lecheler Sophie , Matthes Jörg , Minihold Sophie , Otto Lukas , Stubenvoll Marlis , Kruikemeier Sanne
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates how the acceptance of data-driven political campaigning depends on four different message characteristics. A vignette study was conducted in 25 countries with a total of 14,390 respondents who all evaluated multiple descriptions of political advertisements. Relying on multi-level models, we find that in particular the source and the issue of the message matters. Messages that are sent by a party the respondent likes and deal with a political issue the respondent considers important are rated more acceptable. Furthermore, targeting based on general characteristics instead of individual ones is considered more acceptable, as is a general call to participate in the upcoming elections instead of a specific call to vote for a certain party. Effects differ across regulatory contexts, with the negative impact of both individual targeting and a specific call to vote for a certain party being in countries that have higher levels of legislative regulation.
Numerical workspace optimization for a 3-DOF delta parallel robot on constrained geometric solid models
Authors: Jiang Zhenhua , Liu Dongdong , Wang Yu
Published: April 2024

For the workspace optimization of Delta Parallel Robot (DPR), this paper employs Geometric Modeling Kernel (GMK) to construct DPR’s solid workspace model constrained by two categories of angles with non-toroidal boundaries. Leveraging slicing and interpolating techniques, the maximal inscribed regular space within the DPR’s workspace is obtained in conjunction with numerical optimization methods. With the objective of maximizing effective volume utilization (the volume ratio between the prescribed regular space to the DPR’s workspace) and a prescribed regular space dimension, the Hook-Jeeves direct search method is coupled with the Interior-Point method to attain the optimal geometric DPR parameters on the constrained solid model of workspace. The effectiveness of the algorithm is validated through a design case. This numerical optimization methodology possesses generality, intuitiveness, precision, and high efficiency, theoretically applicable to the workspace optimization for other parallel mechanisms.
A novel harmonic movable tooth drive with almost surface contact conjugate tooth profiles: Parametric design, modification and analysis
Authors: Zhou Guocheng , Yang Yuhu , Xie Ran , Chang Le , Gao Ben
Published: April 2024

This paper focuses on a novel harmonic movable tooth drive as an alternative of currently used harmonic gear drives. Different from the harmonic gear drives, the novel drive removes small module teeth from thin-walled flexible rim, instead, adopts several rigid movable teeth with logarithmic spiral tooth profile. Such tooth geometry makes almost surface contact possible under load condition, in comparison with the conventional involute tooth profile creating a linear contact. Aiming at the issue of cusp meshing between movable tooth and ring gear during the meshing process, this paper proposes a modification design method for the conjugate tooth profiles. First, the radial motion law of movable tooth is modified, in order to avoid rigid impacts at the exchange point of the rise travel and return travel. Then, the tooth profile of ring gear is generated by the envelope of the modified profile of movable tooth. Based on the formulated modification scheme, the equations of the conjugate tooth profiles are derived, and the influences of spiral angle and modification parameters on the meshing characteristics are systematically investigated. Finally, the wave generator cam profile and pivoted segment profile are established considering the strength consistency. The outcomes can provide significance guidance for the parametric design and optimization of this novel drive.
Ammonia fueled engine with diesel pilot ignition: Approach to achieve ultra-high ammonia substitution
Authors: Qiu Yuxiao , Zhang Yanyuan , Shi Yongsheng , Zhang You , Wang Zezhong , Lin He , Han Dong , Huang Zhen
Published: April 2024

Ammonia is a hydrogen-rich zero-carbon fuel, and is one of the most promising approaches to realize energy decarbonization in the fields of industry and transportation. Efficient operation and emissions control have been the primary obstacle to develop engines with high ammonia energy share. In this study, the combustion and emissions of an ammonia-fueled engine with diesel pilot ignition are investigated, and the target is to achieve ultra-high ammonia substitution with acceptable thermal efficiency. The ammonia energy share is first increased from 30% to 90% at an intermediate load, with a split diesel injection triggering ammonia combustion. It found that the increased ammonia energy share reduces the indicated thermal efficiency from 48.3% to 38.9% with high unburned ammonia emissions. The NOx emissions exhibit a turning point with increased ammonia substitution, which indicates that the NOx emissions transition from the thermal-dominated to the fuel-dominated regime. The diesel pilot injection strategy is then optimized, by advancing the main injection timing and changing the pre-injection amount and the interval between two injection events. Optimized diesel injection controls the ignition timing and combustion process, thereby improving thermal efficiency and emissions at high ammonia energy shares. An ultra-high ammonia energy share of 95% could be finally achieved, and the thermal efficiency is 40.2%. It is also noted that as engine load increases, engine thermal efficiency at an ammonia energy share of 80% could be elevated to 44.2%.
“How to Save a Life”: OnGrey’s Anatomyand the Logics of Televisual Alleviation in a Time of Crisis
Authors: Monk-Payton Brandy
Published: April 2024

This article examines the representation of the COVID-19 global public health crisis on U.S. network television medical dramas. Programs featuring healthcare professionals like Chicago Med (NBC, 2015-present), The Good Doctor (ABC, 2017–2024), and New Amsterdam (NBC, 2018–2023) depicted the devastation of the pandemic and the plight of the frontline healthcare community to viewers at home through the fictional hospital. In particular, Grey’s Anatomy (ABC, 2005–present) produced a “very special season” dedicated to portraying COVID’s toil. I argue that the primetime doctor show attempted to lessen the pain of COVID’s impact by presenting its audience-as-patient with a way to manage their emotions around loss through narrative catharsis. The program adheres to a logic of alleviation in its care work for viewers. Such a tele-therapeutic strategy of engagement on the long-running Grey’s Anatomy, amidst mass suffering and death, also served to revive the series as compelling broadcast television in the streaming era.
Troublemakers: Young people as unruly activists in an anti-trans US school context
Authors: Pirie Sally Campbell
Published: April 2024

This piece of comics-based research (CBR) tells the story of young people’s activism and adult lassitude in progressive US communities where the transgender and nonbinary youth had seemed well supported, but were in fact targeted by school staff at two middle-grade schools. While there ensued various forms of protest and activism, adults encouraged children to engage in adult-curated, docile forms, such as making chalk art on the sidewalk in front of the middle school, or writing letters to administration. Many young people refused these forms and instead used “unruly” forms of activism. These included defacing school spaces and other means of disrupting institutional functioning. They saw adult-curated docile activism as a frustratingly inert treatment. Even in such a clear situation, many adults seemed still more uncomfortable with unruly activism, cast as “troublemaking” than with adult transgressions, and refused to see the children as anything other than improper. This comic describes children’s unruly activism in the context of adult violence and adult-curated docile activism as a form of control—and reflects on adult discomfort as a fulcrum of complex power. Reflections on reframing all child “misbehavior” as radical action conclude the comic narrative.
Sustainability in endourology: Greening the stone theatre and beyond
Authors: Ramsey Sara
Published: April 2024

Objective:

Climate change has been described as the ‘biggest global health threat of the 21st century’ and NHS England has set out its plans to develop a ‘net zero’ NHS by 2040. This is a target of completely negating the amount of greenhouse gases produced by healthcare in the United Kingdom, currently estimated at 4% of the UK total carbon emissions. We need to consider as a community of endourologists how we can make sustainable choices.

Methods:

Recommendations for sustainable surgery in the United Kingdom have been considered and applied to the field of Endourology. There is a relatively little published evidence on this evolving area.

Results:

Areas for making sustainable choices in Endourology can broadly be divided into ‘Prevention and Education’, ‘Pre-operative’, ‘Planning’, ‘Operative’ and ‘After Care’. While reducing waste in theatre is clearly important, there are many other decisions we can make with our patients to create a lower carbon journey.

Conclusion:

Sustainability in Endourology strongly parallels GIRFT recommendations and the concept of realistic medicine. We should all make personal and professional choices to reduce our carbon footprint with the shared goal of Net zero in 2040.

Level of evidence:

4
Effect of Liquid Ammonia on the Structure and Properties of Superfine Wool Fibers
Authors: Shang Xianqin , Wang Qiang , Ma Haitao , Zhang Denglu
Published: April 2024

Superfine wool fiber has a soft and luxurious texture, excellent moisture absorption and is warmer and more comfortable than ordinary wool. Liquid ammonia, which has exceptional permeability, exerts a certain modification effect on the surface scales of wool in the finishing and processing of wool fabric, thereby enhancing its wear performance. However, limited research has been conducted on the impact of liquid ammonia on valuable wool fibers such as superfine wool and cashmere. In this article, superfine wool tops were treated with continuous liquid ammonia finishing equipment and the effects of liquid ammonia on the microstructure and surface morphology of superfine wool fiber were investigated. In addition, the changes in length, fineness, anti-felting, and dyeing properties of superfine wool fiber after liquid ammonia treatment were examined. The results demonstrated that the interstitial integrity of intercellular substance of superfine wool was compromised following treatment with liquid ammonia, which had a greater tendency to infiltrate cortical cells and induce alterations in wool structure and performance. Furthermore, the surface scales of superfine wool were damaged after treatment with liquid ammonia, leading to improved anti-felting and dyeing properties.
Central retinal artery occlusion after intravitreal brolucizumab injection for treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration; a case report
Authors: Hong Sung Hwa , Kim Hoon Dong
Published: April 2024

Background

To report a case of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) after intravitreal injection of brolucizumab for a treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patient without comorbid cardiovascular disease history.

Case presentation

A 79-year-old Asian male without a cardiovascular disease history such as diabetes or hypertension underwent three times of monthly consecutive intravitreal brolucizumab injections for treatment of progressed nAMD in his left eye. Two days after the third injection, the patient presented with acute painless visual loss. Typical retinal whitening with a cherry red spot was observed on the fundus photograph, and retinal swelling with hyper-reflectivity was also identified on the optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan. On the fundus fluorescein angiography, arm-to-retina time and arteriovenous transit time were remarkedly delayed, but clinical findings suggesting an intraocular inflammation (IOI) were not observed. Therefore, CRAO was diagnosed, and anterior chamber paracentesis was administrated immediately. However, there had been no improvement in visual acuity during the follow-up period of three months, despite prolonged oral steroid and anti-platelet agent medication.

Conclusions

In rare cases, patients without cardiovascular comorbidities can develop CRAO after intravitreal brolucizumab injection without gross evidence of IOI. Therefore, CRAO should always be in consideration and careful observation is required after intravitreal brolucizumab injection for nAMD patients with old age, even if the patient does not have any other cardiovascular disease history.