bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of machine tools’ circularity test according to ISO 230-4 with respect to testing position
Authors: Woźniak Monika , Majda Paweł
Published: April 2017

In this paper circularity of three different machine tools by Virtual Machine was analyzed. To get circularity we make a ball bar test according to ISO 230-4. The test is very common in engineering for a quick diagnostic Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) technical conditions. We implemented earlier calculations of Volumetric Error in our Virtual Machine. Then we simulated testing of circularity of CNC machine tools. The place to take the test was chosen randomly from Uniform Distribution in three different kinds of machine tools. Those machines had different characteristics of kinematic errors and squareness and also different sizes of working space. We observed significant differences in the indicator (circularity) depending on the place where the test was taken. Moreover we showed that there was no reason to take the test in the center of working table.
Investigation of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone, Growth Hormone and Prolactin Hormone Gene Polymorphism in Anatolian Water Buffalo
Authors: Konca Mehmet Akif , Akyüz Bilal
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this work was to identify GHRH, GH and PRL gene polymorphisms in Anatolian water buffalo by means of the PCR-RFLP method. A total of 126 buffalo were included in this study. PCR amplification gave a 451 bp band for the GHRH gene, a 221 bp band for the GH gene and a 156 bp band for the PRL gene. The PCR products were digested by HaeIII for the GHRH gene, AluI for the GH gene and RsaI for the PRL gene. The GH/AluI and PRL/RsaI polymorphisms were found to be polymorphic, while the GHRH/HaeIII polymorphism was not found in Anatolian water buffalo. The frequencies of GH-L (0.87) and PRL-A (0.55) alleles were found to be high in the examined Anatolian water buffalo. The chi-square test showed that the Anatolian water buffalo were in Hardy-Weinberg (HW) equilibrium for the GH gene while significant deviation was observed from HW equilibrium for the PRL gene. The present study is the first to examine GHRH/HaeIII, GH/AluI and PRL/RsaI polymorphisms in Anatolian water buffalo.
Some remarks on a fractional integro-differential inclusion with boundary conditions
Authors: Cernea Aurelian
Published: April 2017

We study the existence of solutions for fractional integrodifferential inclusions of order q ∈ (1, 2] swith families of mixed, closed, strip and integral boundary conditions. We establish Filippov type existence results in the case of nonconvex set-valued maps.
Nonuniform exponential stability for evolution families on the real line
Authors: Morariu Claudia Isabela , Preda Petre
Published: April 2017

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the problem of nonuniform exponential stability of evolution families on the real line using the input-output technique known in the literature as the Perron method for the study of exponential stability. In this manuscript we describe an evolution family on the real line and we present sufficient conditions for the nonuniform exponential stability of an evolution family on the real line that does not have exponential growth.
Univalence conditions for a general integral operator
Authors: Oprea Adriana , Breaz Daniel
Published: April 2017

For analytic functions in the open unit disk U, we define a new general integral operator. The main object of the this paper is to study this new integral operator and to determine univalence conditions of it. Several corollaries of the main results are also considered.
An extragradient iterative scheme for common fixed point problems and variational inequality problems with applications
Authors: Petruşel Adrian , Sahu D.R. , Sagar Vidya
Published: April 2017

In this paper, by combining a modified extragradient scheme with the viscosity approximation technique, an iterative scheme is developed for computing the common element of the set of fixed points of a sequence of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings and the set of solutions of the variational inequality problem for an α-inverse strongly monotone mapping. We prove a strong convergence theorem for the sequences generated by this scheme and give some applications of our convergence theorem.
Hungarian Minority Politics in Post-Socialist Romania: Interests, Strategies, and Discourses
Authors: Toró Tibor
Published: April 2017

This paper analyses the integration strategies formulated by the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania and the Hungarian political elite in the post-communist period. It argues that the internal debates of the political community are formulated in a field where other actors (the Hungarian and the Romanian state, political parties, European institutions, etc.) carry out their activities, which deeply influences both the chosen strategies and the needed resources for their implementation. Moreover, it questions the monolithic organization of the minority organization, showing that DAHR as the representative of the minority community was shaped by several internal debates and conflicts. Also from 2003 these conflicts have grown beyond the borders of the organization and since 2008 we can follow a whole new type of institutionalization. In achieving this, I introduce three strategies - individual integration, collective integration, and organizational integration - which are chosen by different fragments of the Hungarian minority elite both toward the Hungarian and the Romanian political sphere. Throughout the 1989-2012 period, the outcome of the conflict between the supporters of these strategies is deeply influenced by the policies of the two states.
Property Law in the New Romanian Civil Code
Authors: Sztranyiczki Szilárd
Published: April 2017

Taking into account the recent change in Romanian civil legislation, we consider the present scientific material very useful for an overview of this institution under the auspices of the New Civil Code. The national legal provisions set clear, therefore, that the property is divided into two institutions, the public property and the private property. Property classification is very important in this form for us to understand the legal nature and the applicable regime for each type of property. Moreover, the property right, either private or public, has an elite regulation in most European laws, but also in universal laws the respect for it and the guarantee of this right can be also found in the fundamental human rights, in the international treaties, and in the constitutions of different nations. We will try, therefore, to offer a brief overview of the new Romanian legislation in the mentioned field, which is already harmonized with European legislation, the result being the New Romanian Civil Code. We believe that the interpretation should be considerably more extensive, but - pragmatically - we will try to capture the main theoretical and practical features to denote the importance of this institution.
Efficiency of Electret Polycarbonate Nonwovens in Respiratory Protection Against Nanoparticles
Authors: Brochocka Agnieszka
Published: April 2017

Toxicological research on the influence of noxious nanoparticles on human health indicates the need to develop efficient protective devices. In particular, this concerns respiratory protective equipment employing filtration nonwovens. This paper presents a methodology for the improvement of the filtration efficiency of electret nonwovens against nanoparticles by enriching amorphous polycarbonate (PC) with additives of different electrostatic potentials. We introduced perlite granules (positive charge) and amber granules (negative charge) to the polymer stream in melt-blown technology. Filtration efficiency was assessed by a standard method using paraffin oil and sodium chloride aerosol, as well as by a non-standard method using NaCl nanoparticles. The experiments showed that strengthening the effects of electrostatic forces by the introduction of modifiers is a promising approach to improving the efficiency of electret nonwovens against nanoparticles.
The Middle-Dniester Cultural Contact Area of Early Metal Age Societies. The Frontier of Pontic and Baltic Drainage Basins in the 4Th/3Rd-2Nd Millennium Bc.
Authors: Ivanova Svetlana V. , Toschev Gennadiy N.
Published: April 2017

The paper discusses the taxonomy and autogenesis of the cycle of early ‘barrow cultures’ developed by the local communities of the Middle Dniester Area or, in a broader comparative context, the north-western Black Sea Coast, in the 4th/3rd-2nd millennium BC. The purpose of the study is to conduct an analytical and conceptual entry point to the research questions of the Dniester Contact Area, specifically the contacts between autochthonous ‘Late Eneolithic’ communities (Yamnaya, Catacomb and Babyno cultures) and incoming communities from the Baltic basin. The discussion of these cultures continues in other papers presented in this volume of Baltic-Pontic Studies.
‘Yampil Inspirations’: A Study of the Dniester Cultural Contact Area at the Frontier of Pontic and Baltic Drainage Basins
Authors: Ivanova Svetlana V. , Klochko Viktor I. , Kośko Aleksander , Szmyt Marzena , Toschev Gennadiy N. , Włodarczak Piotr
Published: April 2017

The article presents the present state of research on the general issue of the Dniester Region of cultural contacts between communities settling the Baltic and Pontic drainage basins. Some five domains of research shall be brought to discussion in which it is possible to see fresh opportunities for archaeological study, on the basis of ‘Yampil studies’ on Dniester-Podolia (forest-steppe) barrow-culture ceremonial centres from the latter half of the 4th millennium and first half of the 3rd millennium BC. This relates to the peoples of the Eneolithic and the Early Bronze Age. In terms of topogenesis, embracing the Pontic-Tripolye, Yamnaya and Catacomb cultures, as well as Globular Amphora and Corded Ware in central prehistoric Europe.
Integral equations for free-molecule ow in MEMS: recent advancements
Authors: Fedeli Patrick , Frangi Attilio
Published: April 2017

We address a Boundary Integral Equation (BIE) approach for the analysis of gas dissipation in near-vacuum for Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). Inspired by an analogy with the radiosity equation in computer graphics, we discuss an efficient way to compute the visible domain of integration. Moreover, we tackle the issue of near singular integrals by developing a set of analytical formulas for planar polyhedral domains. Finally a validation with experimental results taken from the literature is presented.
Group Decision Analysis with Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Ilieva Galina
Published: April 2017

This paper presentsagroup multi-criteria DEMATELand VIKORdecision analysis method with interval type-2 fuzzy sets. In order to compare normal fuzzy trapezoidal numbers, we convert them into crisp values using graded mean integration representation. Byacase study for selection of business intelligence platform, we prove that the proposed combination isafeasible solution that can work with benefits and costs criteria, while also reducing uncertainty in experts’assessments.
On Improving the Classification of Imbalanced Data
Authors: Mathews Lincy Meera , Seetha Hari
Published: April 2017

Mining of imbalanced data isachallenging task due to its complex inherent characteristics. The conventional classifiers such as the nearest neighbor severely bias towards the majority class, as minority class data are under-represented and outnumbered. This paper focuses on building an improved Nearest Neighbor Classifier foratwo class imbalanced data. Three oversampling techniques are presented, for generation of artificial instances for the minority class for balancing the distribution among the classes. Experimental results showed that the proposed methods outperformed the conventional classifier.
Multi-Band Spectrum Allocation Algorithm Based on First-Price Sealed Auction
Authors: Shi Zijuan , Luo Gaofeng
Published: April 2017

Auction is often applied in cognitive wireless networks due to its fairness properties and efficiency. To solve the allocation issues of cognitive wireless network inamulti-band spectrum, multi-item auction mechanism and models were discussed in depth. Multi-item highest price sealed auction was designed for cognitive wireless networks’multi-band spectrum allocation algorithm. This algorithm divided the spectrum allocation process into several stages which was along with low complexity. Experiments show that the algorithm improves the utilization of spectrum frequency, because it takes into account the spectrum owner’s economic efficiency and the users’equity.
Data Receiving Method Based on Multimedia Timing in Real- Time System
Authors: Ma Zhigang , Liu Wenyi
Published: April 2017

Several methods, such as polling, multithread, timing, and so on, can be used in data receiving course. Low-efficiency and high level of system resource consumption may bring about data loss in polling and multithread methods when the data transmission rate is very high. Software timing methods are discussed and analyzed in Visual C++. Timing method would improve the system resource availability and decrease the risk of data loss. According to the demand ofatesting system,areal-time monitoring system based on memory sharing and multimedia timer is presented. After testing, the average timing error of the multimedia timer in the given instance is not bigger than 0.05%, so the continuity and integrity of data receiving can be assured under the conditions of high-speed data transmission.
8th Term pregnancy in uterus didelphys: a rare case report
Authors: Öndeş Banu
Published: April 2017

Introduction

Uterus didelphys is a rarely observed Müllerian duct fusion defect. Two separately developing Müllerian ducts create two hemi uteri with separate fallopian tube, ovary and cervix which may cause obstetric complications. This case report presents a case reaching term for the 8th time, with eight live births discussed in view of the literature.

Presentation of case

A 38-year-old, gravid 9 para 7 abortion 1, pregnant woman applied to the hospital with breech presentation after unsuccessful home birth attempt. As a result of the indications of acute fetal distress, meconium in amniotic fluid and breech presentation emergency cesarean section was performed. A 2800 g, 49 cm long with 33 cm head circumference female infant was born with 1st min Apgar score of 6 and 5th min Apgar score of 8. During the operation it was observed that the patient had uterus didelphys with each hemi uterus having its own fallopian tube and ovary. After the operation vaginal speculum examination identified two cervices. The patient’s other seven births were homebirth and seven children were healthy and alive.

Discussion

It is rare for pregnancies in uterus didelphys cases to reach term. Due to the frequency of obstetric complications and negative pregnancy results, close monitoring is required before and during pregnancy.
A Generalized Estimating Equations Approach to Model Heterogeneity and Time Dependence in Capture-Recapture Studies
Authors: Akanda Md. Abdus Salam , Alpizar-Jara Russell
Published: April 2017

Individual heterogeneity in capture probabilities and time dependence are fundamentally important for estimating the closed animal population parameters in capture-recapture studies. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach accounts for linear correlation among capture-recapture occasions, and individual heterogeneity in capture probabilities in a closed population capture-recapture individual heterogeneity and time variation model. The estimated capture probabilities are used to estimate animal population parameters. Two real data sets are used for illustrative purposes. A simulation study is carried out to assess the performance of the GEE estimator. A Quasi-Likelihood Information Criterion (QIC) is applied for the selection of the best fitting model. This approach performs well when the estimated population parameters depend on the individual heterogeneity and the nature of linear correlation among capture-recapture occasions.
Integration of soil and water conservation measures in an intensively cultivated watershed – a case study of Jihlava river basin (Czech Republic)
Authors: Konečná Jana , Karásek Petr , Fučík Petr , Podhrázská Jana , Pochop Michal , Ryšavý Stanislav , Hanák Roman
Published: April 2017

Reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus inputs into surface waters from nonpoint agricultural sources requires targeted application of differentiated measures. In the study focused on soil and water conservation in the Jihlava river basin upstream of the Dalešice reservoir, we identified areas at potential risk of soil erosion, elevated infiltration and nutrient leaching, tile-drained areas and vulnerable riparian zones of water bodies. We then designed a system of complex protective measures for this river basin in more variants, and their effectiveness was estimated using simple empirical model calculations and research findings. Application of the measures defined by optimal variant 3 in the studied watershed could lead to reduction of the soil erosion effects on the surface water quality by 26.5 %, with simultaneous reduction of the amount of washed out total nitrogen by 22.8 %. The results of our study constitute a partial component of the Qualitative Model of the Jihlava River Basin and they were provided for use to the Vysočina Region authorities and the State Land Office.
Evaluation of erosion rates in cadastral area Rovečné (Moravia) using GIS tools
Authors: Mašíček Tomáš , Dufková Jana Kozlovsky , Zámečník Tomáš
Published: April 2017

Evaluation of the vulnerability of agricultural land by water erosion, including the erosion control measures design, was done using the geographic information systems (GIS) on example of the cadastral area Rovečné, the Czech Republic. Analytical operations that lead to evaluation of the basic runoff and especially erosion rates according to the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) were made in ArcGIS 10 Desktop, the software product ArcInfo using a set of integrated software applications ArcMap, ArcCatalog and user interface ArcToolbox, and also using programs LS-converter and USLE2D. The potential loss of soil by water erosion was determined before and after erosion control measures design. The proposed measures should improve the current situation and contribute to preservation of agricultural activity in this area in a form close to the current situation.
New type of ponds? Changing of quantity and function of water bodies in rural built-up areas (Pilsen Region, Czechia)
Authors: Kopp Jan , Frajer Jindřich , Novotná Marie
Published: April 2017

This study is focused on the changing of areas of water bodies in selected villages of the Pilsen Region (Czechia). We researched several different types of rural settlements and three time horizons with the help of old maps, orthophoto maps and GIS tools. To capture the influence of their location within the urban system, we chose 15 places from four categories (inner suburban area, outside suburban area, rural area, periphery rural area) depending on their distance to the core of the Pilsen agglomeration. There is no significant change in the amount of water bodies between the first reference period (1838-1839) and the second period (1957-1963) in the selected settlements. However, the third period (2013-2015) is characterized by the emergence of a large number of small water bodies - swimming pools and garden ponds. Based on the results of our research we identified the declining importance of public water bodies in some of the settlements. However, we have identified a notable prevalence of garden ponds which have a more positive ecological impact than pools. The proportion of private water bodies (covered and uncovered pools and garden ponds) in the total area of water bodies in the rural settlements in most cases is less than 20%, in the suburban settlements up to 100%. Peripheral settlements have a below-average share of these water bodies. The difference between the number of pools in different settlements is related to the proportion of newly built houses there. Although there are relatively fewer pools in rural settlements, the difference compared to the situation in suburban settlements is not pronounced due to the change in lifestyle in rural areas and the change in functions of some villages to recreational areas. Influence of pools on water consumption is dependent on the individual exchange technology of water in swimming pools. Filling of the pool before the season can overload the capacity of the local water supply.
The changing role of local water resources over time (The case of Slovenian rural region Bela krajina)
Authors: Trobec Dr. , Lampič Barbara , Plut Dušan
Published: April 2017

The article examines issues of local water resources using Bela Krajina as an example - a rural, karst landscape in south-eastern Slovenia. In the field, we made an inventory of 261 different water resources, analysing their past and current use along with their role in the life of the local population and assessing their hydrogeological sensitivity and hydroecological threat they face. With the introduction of distributed water systems, water resources lost their traditional importance in terms of water supply, with local population’s reliance on and knowledge about them fading. Nevertheless, certain local communities have recently recognized their natural and cultural value, as well as their importance to ecosystems, which is reflected in initiatives for the preservation, protection and restoration of individual water resources. Most of Bela Krajina’s water resources are very sensitive to pollution due to the karst surface, however the actual hydroecological threat they face from human activities in their catchments is relatively low.
Water constructions in countryside – case study of land use on the river Svratka in the village Ujčov (Moravia)
Authors: Oppeltová Petra , Bureš František
Published: April 2017

Buildings and facilities on waterways have significant landscaping, water management and ecological importance. They affect the landscape and create conditions for the emergence of new habitats. Small dams, mills, saws, small hydropower plants, dams and other water objects and structures, which more or less affect the flow of the surrounding countryside, are built and are building in the countryside. Within design and construction of these objects environmental relationships must be respected and in line with the sustainable exploitation of the territory. Many objects built in the past adversely affected the flow and the landscape while make it impossible the migration of fish and amphibians. A series of objects is currently non-functional and have a negative impact on the flow and the surrounding countryside. In such cases the streams are revitalized or inoperative objects are removed, fish ladders are often built. This study evaluates the possibility of using land adjacent to the fixed weir on the Svratka river in the Ujčov village, from the viewpoint of maintaining the existing biodiversity, aesthetic and economic potential of the territory. A study with several options of land use is the result.
Exploring the Factors Associated with MOOC Engagement, Retention and the Wider Benefits for Learners
Authors: Petronzi Dominic , Hadi Munib
Published: April 2017

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have and continue to change the way in which nontraditional learners’ access education. Although the free element of these has been linked to low completion rates due to no invested interest, the MOOC platform enables innovative technologies and practices to be trialled. Therefore, rather than attributing varied intentions of learners for high drop-out rates, it is suggested that an increase in completion can be achieved through more focussed pedagogical practices. In this way, it is necessary to understand the wider benefits of MOOC engagement for learners and what factors are key to their engagement and retention. The current research qualitatively analysed open feedback obtained from learners that corresponded to their goals of course participation. The feedback was also matched to categorical data that related to initial course intentions, the value of course materials and activities, the preferred extent of instructor interaction, unit completion and their overall rating of the MOOC. Thematic analysis revealed eight key themes that can be linked to engagement and wider benefits of course participation and widely related to professional and educational development, for example, supplementary learning for undergraduate students. Moreover, the MOOC appeared to have encouraged learners to revaluate their perspectives of and attitudes towards Dementia and those diagnosed with it, demonstrating another key element of this course. The open feedback revealed that quality assured MOOCs have significant impact on the lives of enrolled learners and pedagogical design and advances in these courses are considered, particularly in relation to collaborative learning. Finally, the application of MOOCs to wider learning and teaching at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) is discussed, with emphasis placed on the advantages of readily available resources and scope for scholarly activity.
Assessment applicability of selected models of multiple discriminant analyses to forecast financial situation of Polish wood sector enterprises
Authors: Adamowicz Krzysztof , Noga Tomasz
Published: April 2017

In the last three decades forecasting bankruptcy of enterprises has been an important and difficult problem, used as an impulse for many research projects (Ribeiro et al. 2012). At present many methods of bankruptcy prediction are available. In view of the specific character of economic activity in individual sectors, specialised methods adapted to a given branch of industry are being used increasingly often. For this reason an important scientific problem is related with the indication of an appropriate model or group of models to prepare forecasts for a given branch of industry. Thus research has been conducted to select an appropriate model of Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA), best adapted to forecasting changes in the wood industry. This study analyses 10 prediction models popular in Poland. Effectiveness of the model proposed by Jagiełło, developed for all industrial enterprises, may be labelled accidental. That model is not adapted to predict financial changes in wood sector companies in Poland.

The generally known Altman model showed the greatest effectiveness in the identification of enterprises at risk of bankruptcy. However, that model was burdened with one of the greatest errors in the classification of healthy enterprises as sick. The best effectiveness in the identification of enterprises not threatened with bankruptcy was found for forecasts prepared using the Prusak 2 model. However, forecasts based on those models were characterised by erroneous classification of sick companies as healthy. The model best fit to predict the financial situation of Polish wood sector companies was the Poznań model

Pz = 3.562 · X1 + 1.588 · X2 + 4.288 · X3 + 6.719 · X4 - 2.368

where:

X1 - net income / total assets;

X2 - (current assets - stock) / current liabilities;

X3 - fixed capital / total assets

X4 - income from sales / sales revenue).
Basis Risk and Net Interest Income of Banks
Authors: Mielus Piotr , Mironczuk Tomasz , Zamojska Anna
Published: April 2017

The results of the banking sector are shaped primarily by commissions and net interest income. Net interest income is determined by the difference between the profitability of bank assets and liabilities. In the case when a different method is used to determine interest for each side of the balance sheet, there occurs a basis risk that may lead to the deterioration in the net interest income of the sector. This is the situation in the Polish banking sector, which is characterized by the presence of variable interest rates for long-term assets and fixed interest rates for short-term liabilities. The study aims to verify the following thesis: in an environment of falling interest rates we can observe the deterioration in net interest income of the banking sector, as a result of the materialization of the basis risk. The authors of the article state that the source of the basis risk is the mismatch between the reference rate used to define the interest flow of loans and the actual cost of financing the balance through term deposits collected from non-financial entities.
The Spatial Fay-Herriot Model in Poverty Estimation
Authors: Wawrowski Łukasz
Published: April 2017

Counteracting poverty is one of the objectives of the European Commission clearly emphasized in the Europe 2020 strategy. Conducting appropriate social policy requires knowledge of the extent of this phenomenon. Such information is provided through surveys on living conditions conducted by, among others, the Central Statistical Office (CSO). Nevertheless, the sample size in these surveys allows for a precise estimation of poverty rate only at a very general level - the whole country and regions. Small sample size at the lower level of spatial aggregation results in a large variance of obtained estimates and hence lower reliability. To obtain information in sparsely represented territorial sections, methods of small area estimation are used. Through using the information from other sources, such as censuses and administrative registers, it is possible to estimate distribution parameters with smaller variance than in the case of direct estimation.

This paper attempts to estimate the poverty rate at LAU 1 level of Poland. This estimation will be possible through the use of data from different sources describing the living conditions of households and the use of the Fay-Herriot model with spatial correlation. As a result, estimates for previously unpublished levels of aggregation will be obtained.
Spatial Approach to Diseases of Affluence Epidemiology and Regional Economic Development
Authors: Olejnik Alicja , Żółtaszek Agata
Published: April 2017

Diseases of affluence(of the21st c.) by definition should have higher prevalence and/or mortality rates in richer and more developed countries than in poorer, underdeveloped states (wherediseases of povertyare more common). Therefore, it has been indicated that it is civilizational progress that makes us sick. On the other hand, substantial financial resources, highly qualified medical personnel, and the cutting-edge technology of richer states, should allow for effective preventions, diagnostics, and treatment of diseasesof povertyandof affluence. Therefore, a dilemma arises: is progress making us sick or curing us? To evaluate the influence of country socioeconomic and technological development on population health, a spatial analysis of the epidemiology of diseases of affluence and distribution of economic resources for European NUTS 2 has been performed. The main aim of this paper is to assess, how regional diversity in the prevalence of diseases of affluence is related to the regional development of regions.
Anatomic Variation of the Median Nerve Associated with an Anomalous Muscle of the Forearm
Authors: Atoni Atoni Dogood , Oyinbo Charles Aidemise
Published: April 2017

Documented anatomical variations are important not only for the study of the subject of anatomy, but also in clinical situation. This knowledge would aid surgeons in planning a preoperative strategy for surgical procedures and reconstructive surgery. The right forearm of a 35-year-old embalmed male cadaver present a splitting of the median nerve in the proximal 1/3 of the forearm to form medial and lateral divisions that accommodate an anomalous muscle. The split median nerve reunites at the distal 1/3 and continues as a single nerve. The anomalous muscle arises by muscle fibers from flexor digitorum superficialis and inserted by tendon into flexor digitorum profundus. There was no such variation in the left forearm. The knowledge of such anatomical variations is important to clinicians and surgeons in interpreting atypical clinical presentations and avoiding unusual injury during surgery.
Effects of the Novel High-affinity 5-HT(1B/1D)-receptor Ligand Frovatriptan on the Rat Carotid Artery
Authors: Saracheva Kremena E. , Prissadova Natalia A. , Turiiski Valentin I. , Slavchev Valeri I. , Krastev Atanas D. , Getova Damianka P.
Published: April 2017

Background: In blood vessels 5-HT stimulates sympathetic nerves, the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells. Triptans are specific anti-migraine drugs and they activate the serotoninergic 5HT1b/d receptors causing vasoconstriction of the cerebral vessels.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of frovatriptan on isolated rat carotid artery.

Methods: Contractile activity of the preparations was registered isometrically. Krebs solution (pH = 7.4) was used for washing smooth muscle (SM) preparations aerated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 at 37°C. The 60-minute adaptation of tone level of preparations was taken as a starting tone and the changes such as contraction or relaxation were calculated using it.

Results: Frovatriptan (1×10-6 mol/l - 1×10-5 mol/l) induced a contraction, but at higher concentrations it caused relaxation of the carotid artery. The L-norepinephrine contractile reaction was enhanced in the presence of frovatriptan. In the presence of 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, methysergide, frovatriptan increased the relaxation. In the presence of the specific α-1 receptor antagonist, prazosin, the frovatriptan-induced relaxation decreased.

Conclusion: The observed contractile effect of frovatriptan is probably associated with the main effect of the drug - activation of the serotoninergic 5HT1B /1D receptors causing vasoconstriction of the cerebral vessels and their anti-migraine effect. At higher concentrations, frovatriptan, most likely via some non-specific mechanism, could activate the following intracellular chain reaction: stimulation of α1D could activate eNOS which may increase in the concentration of NO which results in the final effect of relaxation.
Profiling of Circulating Serum MicroRNAs in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder using Stem-loop qRT-PCR Assay
Authors: Kichukova Tatyana M. , Popov Nikolay T. , Ivanov Ivan S. , Vachev Tihomir I.
Published: April 2017

Background: Development of biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has still remained a challenge to date. Recently, alterations of the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in peripheral blood, serum and post-mortem brain tissue have been linked to ASD. miRNAs are known to be secreted by various cell types and can mediate transmission of information into recipient cells and to modulate their physiological functions. On this basis it is assumed that circulating miRNAs could be useful biomarkers for the diagnosis or prognosis of pathological conditions.

Aim: The aim of this study was to test whether circulating miRNAs display differential expression profile in serum of ASD patients.

Patients and methods: The relative expression levels of 42 miRNAs were analyzed by stem-loop qRT-PCR assay in the serum of ASD patients compared to healthy controls.

Results: The results indicated that 11 miRNAs in ASD patients were substantially higher expressed than these in control subjects, and 29 miRNAs were lower expressed, respectively. In addition, target gene analysis displayed that the altered serum miRNAs targeted some important genes like alpha 1C subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channel, L type, (CACNA1C), beta 1 subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channel (CACNB1) and other genes involved in epigenetic processes like dicer 1, coding ribonuclease type III (DICER).

Conclusion: Our results suggested that differentially expressed miRNAs in serum might be involved in ASD molecular pathways, and serum miR-424-5p, miR-197- 5p, miR-328-3p, miR-500a-5p, miR-619-5p, miR-3135a, miR-664a-3p, and miR- 365a-3p might be able to serve as potential biomarkers for ASD because they displayed significant alterations in the expression profile in children diagnosed with ASD.
YKL-40 and cytokines - a New Diagnostic Constellation in Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Authors: Kazakova Maria H. , Batalov Anastas Z. , Mateva Nonka G. , Kolarov Zlatimir G. , Sarafian Victoria S.
Published: April 2017

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) causes chronic inflammation and alteration of articular tissue and joints. The pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear although it is known that proinflammatory cytokines play a major role in its induction.

YKL-40 is a chitinase-like glycoprotein produced by activated macrophages, neutrophils, arthritic chondrocytes and cancer cells. It has been shown that YKL-40 is implicated in tissue remodeling, angiogenesis and inflammation.

Aim: to investigate serum and synovial YKL-40 levels in relation to IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in RA patients.

Materials and methods: Serum and synovial concentrations of YKL-40, TNF-α, IL- 6, and IL-1β were determined by ELISA in 39 patients (mean age 53.18 ± 16.54 yrs) with active RA.

Results: Serum YKL-40 levels were increased in all patients. The highest levels were found in synovial fluid (P<0.01). Our study showed a strong association between serum and synovial levels of YKL-40 and serum TNF-α and IL-1 β (P<0.05).

Conclusion: This is the first study finding a significant correlation between serum TNF-α and IL-1β and YKL-40 in active RA. We suggest that these molecules together might play a dominant role in the pathogenesis and disease activity and could possibly serve as a new diagnostic constellation in rheumatoid arthritis.
An Incidental Finding of Heart Echinococcosis in a Patient with Infective Endocarditis: a Case Report
Authors: Gencheva Dolina G. , Menchev Dimitar N. , Penchev Dimitar K. , Tokmakova Mariya P.
Published: April 2017

Echinococcosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasitic disease caused by infection with the larval stage of tapeworms from the Echinococcus genus, most commonly Echinococcus granulosus. According to WHO, more than 1 million people are affected by hydatid disease at any time.1 About 10% of the annual cases are not officially diagnosed.2 In humans, the disease is characterized by development of three-layered cysts. The cysts develop primarily in the liver and the lungs, but can also affect any other organ due to the spreading of the oncospheres. Cardiac involvement is very uncommon - only about 0.01-2% of all cases.4,5 In most cases, the cysts develop asymptomatically, but heart cysts could manifest with chest pain, dyspnea, cough, hemophtisis and can complicate with rupture. Diagnosis is based on a number of imaging techniques and positive serological tests. Treatment for cardiac localization is almost exclusively surgical.

We present a case of an incidental finding of an echinococcal cyst in the left atrium (rarest possible localization of heart echinococcosis) in a patient, admitted for infective endocarditis.
The Study of the Probiotic Potential of the Beneficial Bacteria Isolated from Kefir Grains
Authors: Englerová K. , Nemcová R. , Mudroňová D.
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to identify beneficial bacteria with probiotic potential from kefir grains. The lactobacilli isolated from kefir grains were characterised as:Lactobacillus plantarum,Lactobacillus paraplantarum,Lactobacillus paracasei, andLactobacillus kefiri. The strainsLb. plantarum1Ž,Lb. paraplantarumS10, andLb. paracasei2Ž tolerated better the test gastric juice at pH 2 and 2.6 during 120 min of incubation in comparison with the strainsLb. kefiri. On the other hand, the strainsLb. kefiriwere resistant to 0.3 % bile acid salts. TheLb. paracasei2Ž showed the significantly highest survival (P < 0.001) at pH 2 in comparison with all other strains tested and was also able to tolerate 0.3 % concentration of the bile salts. All strains produced medium to strong biofilms on abiotic surfaces and inhibited the growth of selected potential pathogens with varying intensity. All kefir isolates were susceptible to the antibiotics tested and exhibited positive β-galactosidase activity with the exception ofLb. paracasei2Ž which did not show any activity of undesirable enzymes, such as β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase. Additional testing and validation of the biological properties and safety of the strainLb. paracasei2Ž underin vivoconditions are needed to confirm the prospective use of this strain in practice.
Zeolite as a prospective material for the purification of automobile exhaust gases
Authors: Mačala Jozef , Pandová Iveta , Panda Anton
Published: April 2017

Examinations were carried out to investigate the effectiveness of natural zeolite clinoptilolite and its thermally activated and modified forms in decreasing the concentration of nitrogen oxides, the frequently monitored components of the environment, in automobile exhaust gases. Since nitrogen oxides contribute to the greenhouse effect, the public increases pressure on motor vehicle manufacturers to intensify their efforts toward the reduction of the relevant emissions. One option is the use of a combination of a conventional three-way catalytic converter with either a synthetic or modified natural zeolite. Researchers and designers are coming up with new solutions, which are protected by patents. In this study, natural zeolite clinoptilolite (grain size 5-8 mm) and its thermally treated (270°C, 2 hours) and modified forms (ammonia, cobalt) were used in the form of filters. The results of our measurements showed high the effectiveness of the tested forms which are relatively easy to prepare and are economically advantageous in comparison with the synthetic alternatives. The heat treated and ammonia forms decreased the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases by 31% and 59%, respectively. The cobalt form appeared prospective as it exhibited not only adsorption but also catalytic properties which are effective in decreasing nitrogen oxides emissions. After initial stabilization, its effectiveness did not change with time. With this modification, 46.4% reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions was achieved.
Stereoselective cascade assembling of benzylidenecyanoacetates and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid into (1R*,2S*)-1-cyano-5,7-dialkyl-4,6,8-trioxo-2-aryl-5,7-diazaspiro[2.5]octane-1-carboxylates
Authors: Elinson Michail N. , Vereshchagin Anatoly N. , Korshunov Alexander D. , Ryzhkov Fedor V. , Egorov Mikhail P.
Published: April 2017

A new stereoselective cascade reaction of benzylidenecyanoacetates and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid by the action of bromine in the presence of a base into substituted (barbituric acid)-5-spirocyclopropanes is described. The yields are in the range of 60%–75%. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies indicate that this cascade transformation results in the stereoselective formation of spiro products with trans-configuration of aryl and alkoxycarbonyl substituents in the cyclopropane ring. The products are a perspective class of compounds with prominent pharmacological and physiological activity.
Rayleigh Waves Transformation in Liquefying Water-saturated Sands
Authors: Staroszczyk Ryszard
Published: April 2017

The behaviour of a water-saturated sand deposit subjected to dynamic loads induced by the propagation of Rayleigh surface waves is analysed. Cyclic shearing of the saturated sand matrix due to ground motions results in the development of excess pore pressures in the soil and its subsequent liquefaction. The phenomena of pore pressure generation and soil liquefaction are investigated within the framework of a compaction theory for saturated granular media. The results of calculations, carried out by a finite-element method, illustrate the evolution of pore pressures and the development of liquefaction zones in the soil, and show the variation of surface wave parameters with the progressive degradation of the strength of the subsoil.
Speaker Identification Using Data-Driven Score Classification
Authors: Gan Hock , Mporas Iosif , Safavi Saeid , Sotudeh Reza
Published: April 2017

We present a comparative evaluation of different classification algorithms for a fusion engine that is used in a speaker identity selection task. The fusion engine combines the scores from a number of classifiers, which uses the GMM-UBM approach to match speaker identity. The performances of the evaluated classification algorithms were examined in both the text-dependent and text-independent operation modes. The experimental results indicated a significant improvement in terms of speaker identification accuracy, which was approximately 7% and 14.5% for the text-dependent and the text-independent scenarios, respectively. We suggest the use of fusion with a discriminative algorithm such as a Support Vector Machine in a real-world speaker identification application where the text-independent scenario predominates based on the findings.
Maze Exploration Algorithm for Small Mobile Platforms
Authors: Bienias Łukasz , Szczepański Krzysztof , Duch Piotr
Published: April 2017

An algorithm that enables efficient maze exploration is presented in the paper. The algorithm involves two phases: first the whole maze is explored in an ordered way and then, the shortest possible way out is determined. The algorithm has been derived in a way that combines main advantages of the two known labirynth-exploration algorithms: “Wall follower” and “Trémaux’s algorithm”. The algorithm has been tested using an autonomous vehicle, controlled by Arduino UNO, with two DC engines, ultrasonic sensors and gyroscope. It has been shown that the proposed approach provides a few crucial advantages with respect to already known solutions.
Reconstructed Quantized Coefficients Modeled with Generalized Gaussian Distribution with Exponent 1/3
Authors: Krupiński Robert
Published: April 2017

Generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD) includes specials cases when the shape parameter equals p = 1 and p = 2. It corresponds to Laplacian and Gaussian distributions respectively. For p → ∞, f(x) becomes a uniform distribution, and for p → 0, f(x) approaches an impulse function. Chapeau-Blondeau et al. [4] considered another special case p = 0.5. The article discusses more peaky case in which GGD p = 1/3.
Application of the Moment Shape Representations to the General Shape Analysis
Authors: Frejlichowski Dariusz
Published: April 2017

The General Shape Analysis (GSA) is a task similar to the shape recognition and retrieval. However, in GSA an object usually does not belong to a template class, but can only be similar to some of them. Moreover, the number of applied templates is limited. Usually, ten most general shapes are used. Hence, the GSA consists in searching for the most universal information about them. This is useful when some general information has to be concluded, e.g. in coarse classification. In this paper the result of the application of three shape descriptors based on the moment theory to the GSA is presented. For this purpose the Moment Invariants, Contour Sequence Moments, and Zernike Moments were selected.
The Civil Magistrates of Geneva and the Placement of Pastors in France on the Eve of the First War of Religion (1562)
Authors: Braghi Gianmarco
Published: April 2017

This article analyses excerpts from letters sent by French Reformed congregations and politically-engaged Calvinist laymen in 1562. In these dispatches, the churches, lay notables, and local magistrates of Montpellier, Grenoble, Gap, Nîmes, Issoire and Rouen requested pastors to Geneva or thanked the town’s authorities for ministers previously sent there. However, these six letters were not addressed to the Venerable Company of Pastors, but specifically to the syndics and Small Council of Geneva. While the role of the Company in the sending of Geneva-trained pastors to France on the eve of the Wars of Religion is known, the participation of the Republic of Geneva’s political authorities in these activities needs more scholarly attention. This article seeks to offer a discussion of this topic through analysis of correspondence and other sources held in the Archives d’État de Genève.