bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of glutathion S-transferase P-1 polymorphism A313G rs1695 on the susceptibility to cyclophosphamide hematologic toxicity in Indonesian patients
Authors: Hasni Dita , Siregar Kamal B. , Lim Hadyanto
Published: July 2016

Background: Chemotherapy often causes side effects such as hematologic toxicity. The degree of toxicity is often associated with genetic polymorphism. This study aims to determine the influence of GSTP1 A313G polymorphism, an enzyme responsible for detoxifying cyclophosphamid, on incidence and severity of cyclophosphamid hematologic toxicity.Methods: 91 Indonesian females diagnosed with breast cancer at Haji Adam Malik Central General Hospital, Medan, receiving cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin/epirubicin and 5-FU were included in this retrospective cohort study. DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes and GSTP1 A313G genotyping was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction length fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Genotype deviation and allele frequencies were also determined by Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. The degrees of hematologic toxicity (leucopenia and neutropenia data after chemotherapy cycles 1 and 3) were collected from the patient medical records. The data were analyzed using chi-square test.Results: 60.4% of the patients had the wildtype (A/A), while 29.7% were heterozygous (A/G), and 9.9% were homozygous mutant (G/G). There was no significant deviation of allele and genotype frequency from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. The G allele (A/G & G/G) contributes to more severe degree of leukopenia compared to patients with wild type allele (A/A)  (p<0.05) after the 3rd chemotherapy cycles.Conclusion: There was association between GSTP1 polymorphism with the degree of hematologic toxicity in breast cancer patients receiving cyclophosphamide chemotherapy regimen.
Effect of sibutramine on cardiovascular events when administered in routine clinical practice
Authors: Dalantaeva Nadezhda Sergeevna
Published: July 2016

Effect of sibutramine on cardiovascular events when administered in routine clinical practice
Endorsing children’s appetite for healthy foods: Celebrity versus non-celebrity spokes-characters
Authors: Smits Tim , Vandebosch Heidi
Published: July 2016

This paper tests the comparative effectiveness of spokes-characters, both ‘celebrity’ and ‘non-celebrity’, in promoting healthy versus non-healthy foods. An experimental study among 6- to 7-year-old children in Belgium demonstrates that adding a spokes-character (i.e., a gnome) to a food product increases the appetite, the wished-for frequency of consumption and the expected number of purchase requests for that product. This finding holds true for healthy foods (apples and grapes) as well as for unhealthy foods (cookies and chocolate). The effect of the celebrity spokes-character exceeds that of a similar (but unknown) gnome. Nevertheless, the latter is also capable of promoting the healthy and unhealthy products. These findings suggest that using ‘celebrity’ spokes-characters to promote healthy foods to children might indeed be an effective strategy to change children’s diets. Even the use of similar, non-celebrity (and thus cheaper) spokes-characters could be quite fruitful.
Between independence and autonomous adaptation: The Europeanization of television regulation in non-EU member states
Authors: Puppis Manuel
Published: July 2016

Television regulation is increasingly Europeanized. While the transposition of community law into national legislation in EU member states has been widely discussed, scholarly attention is less frequently devoted to the Europeanization of non-member states. This paper investigates how television regulation in non-EU members has been influenced by European audiovisual policy since the liberalization of broadcasting. Focusing on the case of Switzerland and putting it into a wider context, changes in television regulation and their connection to the European level were analyzed by performing a qualitative document analysis. Results indicate that the degree of Europeanization in Switzerland differs remarkably from other non-member states like Norway. While advertising regulation was brought in line with less-strict EU directives, a public value test or compliance with state aid rules were not even discussed. Yet similar to other non-members, rules were adopted without having a say in their development.
Enjoyment of arousing television news: The role of age and sensation seeking
Authors: Kleemans Mariska , Hendriks Vettehen Paul , Eisinga Rob , Beentjes Johannes W. J.
Published: July 2016

This study investigated the role of television news as entertainment by focusing on the enjoyment that viewers experience while watching television news stories. In particular, the study examined the relationship between arousing news stories and enjoyment, and explored the potential moderating role of age and sensation seeking. Participants (
Modelling the geomorphic history of the Tribeč Mts. and the Pohronský Inovec Mts. (Western Carpathians) with the CHILD model
Authors: Staškovanová Veronika , Minár Jozef
Published: July 2016

Numerical models were developed in order to provide a suitable computational framework for exploring research questions related to long-term landscape evolution. We used the Channel-Hillslope Integrated Landscape Development (CHILD) model to prove three hypotheses concerning the processes contributing to the neotectonic landscape evolution of the Tribeč Mts. and the Pohronský Inovec Mts. (Western Carpathians): (1) simultaneous planation and uplift; (2) temporally and spatially varying uplift; (3) exhumation of a part of the area from below Neogene sediments. Given the size of the area, its lithological variability and the insufficient knowledge of the palaeogeographical settings, using a detachment-limited model to express river incision into bedrock as well as water (rill) erosion on hillslopes proved the best solution. Results of the simulations were compared with real topography through hypsographic curves and the distribution of remnants of planation surfaces. The real surface corresponds best to a combination of the hypotheses (2) and (3), with more intensive Quaternary tectonic uplift of the Pohronský Inovec Mts. and the adjacent Rázdiel part of the Tribeč Mts., and exhumation of a mature palaeosurface from below Miocene sediments in the east of the Tribeč Mts.
Influence of sugar and starch content of palm wood on fungal development and prevention of fungal colonization by acid treatment
Authors: Schmidt Olaf , Magel Elisabeth , Frühwald Arno , Glukhykh Lidia , Erdt Katharina , Kaschuro Sergej
Published: July 2016

Freshly harvested palm trunks and timber with their high moisture content (MC) are susceptible to fungi due to the high content of easily consumable sugars and starch as long as MC of the tissue is above fiber saturation point (FSP). To test the influence of sugars and starch on fungal development, small wood samples from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) were watered and their contents of the non-structural carbohydrates were measured. Glucose was the most abundant substance in the extract, followed by starch, fructose, and sucrose. Watering for 3 and 10 days with daily water exchange reduced the content of sugars and starch considerably. Untreated and watered samples were then subjected to spore suspensions of the moulds Aspergillus niger, Penicillium commune, to a natural infection by air-born spores and to the blue-stain-fungi Alternaria alternata and Aureobasidium pullulans. The former colonized the surface of the untreated samples within a few days, while the latter caused considerable mass loss. With increasing watering both fungal activities were reduced as the nutrients for the fungi were removed. The woods of E. guineensis and Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) with MC above FSP were treated with acetic and propionic acid and subsequently infected by moulds, staining and decay fungi. Short dipping in solutions of 2% acetic acid and 2% propionic acid, respectively, protected all samples for 3 months against the mould fungi. Staining fungi and wood-decay fungi were slightly inhibited by a treatment with 5% acid concentration. Treatment with these acids offers a protection technique for the practice. Their sodium salts were ineffective due to their high pH-value.
Control of Grid Connected Photovoltaic System Using Three-Level T-Type Inverter
Authors: Zorig Abdelmalik , Belkeiri Mohammed , Barkat Said , Rabhi Abdelhamid
Published: July 2016

Three-level T-Type inverter (3LT2I) topology has numerous advantageous compared to three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter. The main benefits of 3LT2I inverter are the efficiency, inverter cost, switching losses, and the quality of output voltage waveforms. In this paper, a photovoltaic distributed generation system based on dual-stage topology of DC-DC boost converter and 3LT2I is introduced. To that end, a decoupling control strategy of 3LT2I is proposed to control the current injected into the grid, reactive power compensation, and DC-link voltage. The resulting system is able to extract the maximum power from photovoltaic generator, to achieve sinusoidal grid currents, and to ensure reactive power compensation. The voltage-balancing control of two split DC capacitors of the 3LT2I is achieved using three-level space vector modulation with balancing strategy based on the effective use of the redundant switching states of the inverter voltage vectors. The proposed system performance is investigated at different operating conditions.
Generalized Structural Mean Models for Evaluating Depression as a Post-treatment Effect Modifier of a Jobs Training Intervention
Authors: Stephens Alisa , Keele Luke , Joffe Marshall
Published: July 2016

In randomized controlled trials, the evaluation of an overall treatment effect is often followed by effect modification or subgroup analyses, where the possibility of a different magnitude or direction of effect for varying values of a covariate is explored. While studies of effect modification are typically restricted to pretreatment covariates, longitudinal experimental designs permit the examination of treatment effect modification by intermediate outcomes, where intermediates are measured after treatment but before the final outcome. We present a novel application of generalized structural mean models (GSMMs) for simultaneously assessing effect modification by post-treatment covariates and accounting for noncompliance to assigned treatment status. The proposed approach may also be used to identify post-treatment effect modifiers in the absence of noncompliance. The methods are evaluated using a simulation study that demonstrates that our approach retains consistent estimation of effect modification by intermediate variables that are affected by treatment and also predict outcomes. We illustrate the method using a randomized trial designed to promote re-employment through teaching skills to enhance self-esteem and inoculate job seekers against setbacks in the job search process. Our analysis provides some evidence that the intervention was much less successful among subjects that displayed higher levels of depression at intermediate post-treatment waves of the study. We also compare the assumptions of our approach and principal stratification as alternatives to account for differences in effects by intermediate variables.
Correlation between CTLA-4 gene rs221775A>G single nucleotide polymorphism and multiple sclerosis susceptibility. A meta-analysis
Authors: Haibing Xiao , Xu Cao , Jifu Cai , Wenshuang Zeng , Ling Li , Yuzhen Cui , Yanjun Hu
Published: July 2016

Objective

The aim of this meta-analysis was to undertake a meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) gene rs221775 A>G single nucleotide polymorphism and the susceptibility of multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility.

Method

Published manuscripts about CTLA-4 gene rs221775A>G single nucleotide polymorphism and multiple sclerosis susceptibility were searched in the computerized bibliographic searches of Pubmed Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Potential studies were screened and data for 5025 MS patients and 4706 controls from 20 publications were included. The association between CTLA-4 gene rs221775A>G single nucleotide polymorphism and multiple sclerosis susceptibility were demonstrated by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI).

Results

The pooled results showed no significant association between CTLA-4 gene rs221775A>G single nucleotide polymorphism and multiple sclerosis susceptibility for dominant genetic model [OR=1.02, 95%CI:0.90~1.05, (P=0.80)], homozygous genetic model [OR=0.85,95%CI:0.71 ~1.03,(P=0.10)] and recessive genetic model [OR=0.99,95% CI:0.89~1.10,(P=0.90)].

Conclusion

With current evidence, CTLA-4 gene rs221775A>G single nucleotide polymorphism had no association with the susceptibility of multiple sclerosis
Macroeconomic (in)stability and endogenous market structure with productive government expenditure
Authors: Chang Cheng-Wei , Lai Ching-Chong
Published: July 2016

We consider the congestion effect of productive government spending in a monopolistic competition model with endogenous entry, and analyze the possibility of local indeterminacy. Some main findings emerge from the analysis. First, the indeterminacy condition is independent of the monopoly power. Second, productive government expenditure can be a source of local indeterminacy, while a higher degree of public goods congestion lessens the beneficial effect of productive government expenditure, and therefore reduces the possibility of indeterminacy. Third, a higher degree of internal returns to scale is associated with a lower possibility for the emergence of indeterminacy when production externalities are present.
5 Digitalization: Another Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere?
Authors: Celikates Robin
Published: July 2016

Is the Internet one of the causes of the crisis of the public sphere or does it rather provide a way to address this crisis? Do new forms of digital activism undermine the functioning of existing democratic institutions or open up new avenues for democratic participation? In this paper I address these questions by discussing the traditional Habermasian notion of the public sphere and the challenge that the digitalization of communication and collective action poses to it. After showing that digitalization indeed leads to a new structural transformation of the public sphere, I distinguish ways in which this development can be both detrimental to and beneficial for the project of a democratic public sphere in the 21st century.
Etos Kerja Islam Masyarakat Etnis Madura
Authors: Faraby Muhammad Ersya
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This study aims to determine the Islamic work ethic of Madura ethnic community. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach with descriptive case study method. The data collection is done with the study of literature. The work ethic of the Madurese comparatively high because for them work is a worship of activity in accordance with the teachings of Islam that was followed so that the results would be lawful and blessed by the God. The opportunity to work would be considered as a blessing from Allah, so getting a job is a vocation that will be practiced with a vengeance. As a result Madurese are not afraid of losing land or property, but they are very afraid of losing his job. In this case the work ethic of the people of Madura Kar-ngakar colpe '(work hard) are included in the work ethic characteristic of Islam is Al-Mujahadah or hard work optimally.Keyword: Work Ethic, Madura Etnic Community, Islamic Work Ethic. Abstraksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui etos kerja Islam masyarakat etnis Madura. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus bersifat deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan study literatur. Etos kerja masyarakat Madura terhitung tinggi karena bagi mereka bekerja merupakan suatu aktiftas ibadah sesuai dengan ajaran agama Islam yang dianutnya sehingga hasilnya akan halal dan diridhoi Sang Khalik. Kesempatan bisa bekerja akan dianggapnya sebagai rahmat dari Allah SWT, sehingga mendapatkan pekerjaan merupakan panggilan hidup yang bakal ditekuninya dengan sepenuh hati. Sebagai akibatnya orang Madura tidak takut kehilangan tanah atau hartanya, akan tetapi mereka sangat takut kehilangan pekerjaannya. Dalam hal ini etos kerja masyarakat madura Kar-ngakar colpe’ (bekerja keras) termasuk dalam ciri etos kerja Islam yaitu Al-Mujahadah atau kerja keras yang optimal.Kata Kunci: Etos Kerja, Etnis Madura, Etos Kerja Islam.
Qiraah Alquran Dengan Nagham Ajam - Lagam Jawa; Kasus Isra’ Mi’raj di Istana Negara, Jum’at, 15 Mei 2015
Authors: Arsyadani Qosim
Published: July 2016

Abstract: Every Muslim would agree that the Koran is the holy book were wonderful. He will be more beautiful when it is read beautifully by using Nagham and a melodious voice. By reading the Koran is mutawaatir means that from the beginning the angel Gabriel received it from Allah which is then conveyed to the Holy Prophet so were messengers to convey back to friends and so on in the history of the turn and the different traffic generation is the same. New problems arise when the Koran is read using Java Nagham. Therefore this study want to discuss more in depth about the law.Keywords: Koran, Qiroah and Nagham Abstrak: Setiap muslim pasti sepakat bahwa Alquran kitab suci yang indah. Ia akan menjadi semakin indah apabila dibaca secara indah dengan menggunakan nagham atau lagam dan suara yang merdu. Secara bacaan Alquran bersifat mutawatir artinya sejak dari awal malaikat Jibril menerimanya dari Allah SWT yang kemudian disampaikan kepada Rasulullah Saw begitu pula rasul dalam menyampaikan kembali kepada para sahabat dan begitu seterusnya dalam lintas sejarah pergantian dan berbedanya generasi adalah sama. Permasalahan baru muncul ketika Alquran dibaca dengan menggunakan Nagham Jawa. Oleh karenanya penelitian ini ingin membahas lebih mendalam tentang hukumnya. Kata Kunci: Alquran, Qiroah dan Nagham
Do personality profiles among physicians correlate with their career choices?
Authors: Boussemart Lise , Bouzillé Guillaume , Boyer Alain , Arnheiter Heinz , Dupuy Alain
Published: July 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. PurposeWe all recognize that different types of medical doctors may have different ways to interact with patients. Here, we asked how well their personality profiles correlate with their career choice, and discuss how those personality profiles may impact on the quality of healthcare and teaching.MethodWe used Process Communication Model® (PCM) test to assess the prevalence of personality profiles among 161 medical doctors, both general practitioners and specialists, who are either in private practice or engaged in an academic career. The goal was to describe their self-assessed personality profiles and to explore whether these profiles differed according to gender, specialty choice, or private versus academic practice choice.FindingsWe found that most academic doctors envision the world predominantly through their thoughts and logic and are motivated most easily by recognition of their opinion and beliefs. On the other hand, most private practice doctors view the world through their feelings, are people-oriented, and are motivated most easily through recognition of personhood.InterpretationWe saw a clear correlation between personality traits and career choices. This leaves us with a remaining question: are the correlations indicative of causality? In other words, are trainees with certain personality traits attracted to certain specialties and practice modes, or is it the specialty environment that shapes the trainee's personality? May academic admission committees select trainees in their own image? We are firmly convinced that knowing how personalities may shape career choices, may offer deeper insights into how medical professionals communicate with their interaction partners, in particular patients and students. Likewise, we believe that such communications could be refined to the benefit of all involved when doctors of any personality types are willing to move into another person's frame of preference.
Dispositivo midiático de participação nas interações transmídias: explorando o conceito a partir das ações da Rede Globo no seriado Malhação
Authors: Fechine Yvana , Moreira Diego Gouveia
Published: July 2016

Resumo A transmidiação é um modelo de produção orientado pela distribuição em distintas mídias e plataformas tecnológicas de conteúdos associados entre si e cuja articulação depende do engajamento proposto ao consumidor. As ações transmídias dependem da disposição do público para, de um lado, buscar e correlacionar os conteúdos midiáticos e, de outro, comentar, compartilhar e intervir diretamente nos produtos ofertados em diferentes plataformas. A participação proposta pelo projeto transmídia precisa, no entanto, estar alinhada com determinados objetivos comunicativos e corporativos. Para que suas estratégias tenham êxito, os produtores transmídias buscam influenciar o público e manter algum tipo de controle sobre o universo interacional acionado pelo projeto. Os mecanismos de controle, o "gerenciamento" das colaborações e intervenções do público, o "governo" das condutas pressupõem a configuração de um dispositivo midiático de participação, cujo conceito pretendemos aqui explorar.
MDGC-MS analysis of essential oils from Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) and their antifungal activity against Candida specie
Authors: MOBIN M. , DE LIMA S.G. , ALMEIDA L.T.G. , TAKAHASHI J.P. , TELES J.B. , SZESZS M.W. , MARTINS M.A. , CARVALHO A.A. , MELHEM M.S.C.
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Protium heptaphyllum is found in the Amazon region, and in various Brazilian states and South American countries. Also Known as almecega, it produces an oil resin used in traditional medicine as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cicatrizant and expectorant, it is rich in pentacyclic triterpenes and essential oil. The main objective of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of P. heptaphyllumresin (OEPh) over different extraction times and to evaluate their antifungal activity against Candida species, obtained from gardeners with onychomycosis, using the disk diffusion method. The OEPh was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (MDGC / MS). Candida species were obtained from lesions on the nails of horticulturist from a community garden in the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. The antifungal activity in concentrations of 1000 µg/L, 500 µg/L and 250 µg/L, PROTOCOL M44-A2 (CLSI 2009) OEPh was tested. The main constituents identified were: l-limonene, α-terpineol, p-cineol, o-cymene and α-phellandrene, however, its composition varies significantly with extraction time. All species, except C. rugosa, were inhibited with halo (≥ 14 mm) at 1000 μg / L. C. krusei is naturally resistant to the drug fluconazole, but when tested with OEPh the clinical species (case 9) demonstrated sensitivity in three dilutions (halo ≤ 10 ≥ 14) and the standard strain was inhibited at concentration of 1000 μg/Lg / L (halo 14mm). A similar situation also occurred with the standard strain of C. parapsilosis (halo ≥ 11mm). OEPh has considerable antifungal activity, which merits further investigation for alternative clinical applications, since this species is widely distributed in our community, and it presents good yields, and also has important therapeutic applications.
Etnobotânica de espécies vegetais medicinais no tratamento de transtornos do sistema gastrointestinal
Authors: GOIS M.A.F. , LUCAS F.C.A. , COSTA J.C.M. , MOURA P.H.B. DE , LOBATO G. DE J.M.
Published: July 2016

RESUMO O estudo objetivou selecionar na comunidade Rio Urubueua de Fátima, Abaetetuba-Pará, as espécies vegetais utilizadas no tratamento de transtornos do sistema gastrointestinal, em determinado contexto de uso, associado a um conhecimento construído localmente. A pesquisa foi realizada com 35 informantes entre 28 e 93 anos, selecionados pelo método bola de neve. Os dados foram obtidos por observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para a importância relativa das espécies vegetais, calculou-se a porcentagem de concordância quanto aos usos principais (CUP) e concordância quanto aos usos principais corrigida (CUPc). Os interlocutores indicaram várias receitas terapêuticas, e, destas, foram escolhidas as mais empregadas no tratamento da diarreia, por ser doença recorrente na comunidade. Foi investigado o potencial químico das plantas por meio de literatura científica e bancos de dados. “Boldo” e “Anoerá” apresentaram valor máximo de CUP (100%), enquanto a “Hortelã” obteve maior CUPc (87,5%). Das 79 espécies vegetais empregadas como medicinais, nove estão na lista do SUS. Os remédios são preparados exclusivamente sob a forma de chá, sendo a folha a parte da planta mais utilizada (65%). Para o tratamento de diarreia, 12 espécies utilizadas pelos interlocutores têm compostos químicos comprovados por literatura especializada. A comunidade de Rio Urubueua de Fátima faz uso das plantas medicinais para curar doenças, apropriando-se de conhecimentos obtidos, na maioria dos relatos, de seus antepassados. Estes saberes tradicionais contribuem no conhecimento cultural da região e na pesquisa e desenvolvimento de novos fármacos.
Avaliação de desempenho de sistemas de saúde e gerencialismo na gestão pública brasileira
Authors: Carnut Leonardo , Narvai Paulo Capel
Published: July 2016

Resumo Em saúde, a lógica da nova gestão pública considera os serviços sanitários como atividades públicas não-estatais, portanto executáveis por entes privados. Nesse cenário, a função de controle alcança o proscênio na discussão sobre a consolidação do Estado Regulador. Assim, este estudo se utilizou da técnica da revisão narrativa descrita por Rothers para tecer uma crítica inicial ao conteúdo em que o controle administrativo do Estado vem delineando no setor saúde. O foco recaiu sobre a forma direta como a contratualização de resultados vem sendo expressa em avaliações de desempenho dos sistemas de saúde. Como contra-argumento, reforça-se a atenção à complexidade do campo tanto do ponto de vista do intenso dissenso sobre termos fundamentais como dos problemas metodológicos no estudo dos sistemas de saúde. Além disso, foram emitidos comentários sobre as perspectivas de atuação para além da função controle e a necessidade de a comunidade científica reorientar o tema.
Correlation between hippocampal volumes and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the posterior cingulate gyrus and hippocampi in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Park Eun Joo , Lyra Katarina P. , Lee Hae Won , Caramelli Paulo , Otaduy Maria C. G. , Leite Claudia Costa
Published: July 2016

Abstract Prior studies have reported hippocampal volume loss, decrease in N-Acetylaspartate (NAA) concentration and increased myo-inositol (mI) concentration in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate hippocampal volumes of AD patients and their correlation with metabolic changes detected by proton spectroscopy (1H MRS) of hippocampal formations and the posterior cingulate region. Materials and Methods: 22 patients with probable AD (18 mild, 4 moderate) and 14 elderly controls without cognitive symptoms, were enrolled in the study. Hippocampal volumetric measurements, single-voxel 1H MRS of the posterior cingulate region and of hippocampal formations were obtained. The following metabolite ratios were evaluated: NAA/Cr, mI/Cr, mI/NAA. Statistical analysis was performed to detect differences and correlations between these parameters in patients and controls. Results: The hippocampal volume of patients and controls did not differ significantly. The results of 1H MRS differed significantly between patients and controls in the hippocampal formations (mI/Cr, mI/NAA) and posterior cingulate region (NAA/Cr, mI/Cr, mI/NAA). The best predictor of AD diagnosis was NAA/Cr in the posterior cingulate region, having a sensitivity of 0.899 and specificity of 0.800. There was no correlation between hippocampal volumes and the results of 1H MRS in patients with AD. Conclusions: The results of 1H MRS differed significantly between patients and controls in hippocampal formations and the posterior cingulate region, with NAA/Cr proving to be the best predictor for AD. No correlation between hippocampal volumes and the results of 1H MRS in patients with AD was observed.
Kanji and Kana agraphia in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: A trans-cultural comparison of elderly Japanese subjects living in Japan and Brazil
Authors: Akanuma Kyoko , Meguro Kenichi , Meguro Mitsue , Chubaci Rosa Yuka Sato , Caramelli Paulo , Nitrini Ricardo
Published: July 2016

Abstract This study verifies the environmental effects on agraphia in mild cognitive impairment and dementia. We compared elderly Japanese subjects living in Japan and Brazil. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the database of the Prevalence Study 1998 in Tajiri (n=497, Miyagi, Japan) and the Prevalence Study 1997 of elderly Japanese immigrants living in Brazil (n=166, migrated from Japan and living in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area). In three Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) groups, i.e., CDR 0 (healthy), CDR 0.5 (questionable dementia), and CDR 1+ (dementia) , the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) item of spontaneous writing and the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) domain of dictation were analyzed with regard to the number of Kanji and Kana characters. Formal errors in characters and pragmatic errors were also analyzed. Results: The immigrants in Brazil wrote similar numbers of Kanji or Kana characters compared to the residents of Japan. In spontaneous writing, the formal Kanji errors were greater in the CDR 1+ group of immigrants. In writing from dictation, all the immigrant CDR groups made more formal errors in Kana than the Japan residents. No significant differences in pragmatic errors were detected between the two groups. Conclusions: Subjects living in Japan use Kanji frequently, and thus the form of written characters was simplified, which might be assessed as mild formal errors. In immigrants, the deterioration in Kanji and Kana writing was partly due to decreased daily usage of the characters. Lower levels of education of immigrants might also be related to the number of Kanji errors.
Morphometric brain changes during aging: Results from a Brazilian necropsy sample
Authors: Ferretti Renata Eloah de Lucena , Jacob-Filho Wilson , Grinberg Lea Tenenholz , Leite Renata Elaine Paraízo , Farfel José Marcelo , Suemoto Claudia Kimie , Saldiva Paulo Hilário Nascimento , Rosemberg Sérgio , Pasqualucci Carlos Augusto , Nitrini Ricardo
Published: July 2016

Abstract The present study aimed to establish the morphometric brain changes during aging in a necropsy series from Brazil and determine whether sexual dimorphisms interfere in these changes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the São Paulo Autopsy Service in Brazil where, after informed consent, data was gathered from next of kin interview with reference to clinical status prior to death. Brain weight, volume and density measurements were taken and then adjusted for head circumference. Descriptive statistics and tests of hypothesis and correlations were applied, considering a p-value of 0.05. Results: 414 subjects, mostly men (60.4%), with a mean age of 67.1 years, were included. The mean brain weight of the sample was 1219.2g±140.9 and mean volume was 1217mL±152.3. The mean brain density of the sample was 1.0g/mL±0.09. Values differed between males and females in terms of weight and volume. Brain weight decreased during aging by about 45g per decade (r= -0.300; p<0.01) and volume by about 43mL (r= -0.278; p<0.00). Mean density of the sample was 1.0 g/mL in both genders. Conclusions: Brain weight and volume (with or without corrections) decreased during aging, and these reductions were more pronounced in women. Density remained unchanged for both genders. Further studies are needed to investigate factors associated to these reductions.
Multiple hallucinations due to brainstem injury: A case report
Authors: Silva Melissa Castello Branco e , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi
Published: July 2016

Abstract We report a case of a 43-year-old woman with brainstem encephalitis in the third trimester of pregnancy. She presented complex visual and auditory hallucinations in the acute disease phase (hearing opera arias and seeing room furniture upside-down). Hallucinations resolved with antiviral treatment.
Discrimination of Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)and Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris)Based on Bag of Visual Words Model
Authors: Ustyuzhanin Anton , Dammer Karl-Heinz , Giebel Antje , Weltzien Cornelia , Schirrmann Michael
Published: July 2016

Common ragweed is a plant species causing allergic and asthmatic symptoms in humans. To control its propagation, an early identification system is needed. However, due to its similar appearance with mugwort, proper differentiation between these two weed species is important. Therefore, we propose a method to discriminate common ragweed and mugwort leaves based on digital images using bag of visual words (BoVW). BoVW is an object-based image classification that has gained acceptance in many areas of science. We compared speeded-up robust features (SURF) and grid sampling for keypoint selection. The image vocabulary was built using K-means clustering. The image classifier was trained using support vector machines. To check the robustness of the classifier, specific model runs were conducted with and without damaged leaves in the trainings dataset. The results showed that the BoVW model allows the discrimination between common ragweed and mugwort leaves with high accuracy. Based on SURF keypoints with 50% of 788 images in total as training data, we achieved a 100% correct recognition of the two plant species. The grid sampling resulted in slightly less recognition accuracy (98 to 99%). In addition, the classification based on SURF was up to 31 times faster.
Needs Assessment of Medical Students During Clerkship About Basic Medical Science: Focused on ʹLearning Outcome of Basic Medical Education: Scientific Concept and Principle‐centeredʹ
Authors: Park Hye jin , Kim Dae Hyun , Park Won Kyun , Kum Dong yoon , Kwon Seon Young , Kim Jae Bum , Kim Jin Hee , Hwang Il Seon , Kim Min Seo
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to identify curriculum gaps and a pilot study to provide the programs for selection during clerkship. Over the course of a clerkship, students analyze the current level and the needs level of TLO (terminal learning objectives) based on the book “Learning outcome of basic medical education: Scientific concept and principle-centered.” We conducted a needs assessment utilizing a t-test, Borich Needs Assessment, and the Locus for Focus model. In the investigation of the needs level, the levels of the musculoskeletal and respiratory systems were relatively high and in the investigation of the current level, the levels of the digestive and musculoskeletal systems were relatively high. This study is expected to contribute to reasonable decision-making by utilizing various methods of analysis and providing in-depth results of needs analysis in designing clerkship curriculum.
GASTROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF METAPROT AND DIOSMIN
Authors: Kryukova Nadezhda Olegovna , Novikov Vasily Egorovich , Novikov Alexandr Sergeevich , Shabanov Petr Dmitrievich
Published: July 2016

Intragastric administration of acetylsalicylic acid induces development of NSAID-gastropathy in animals. The number of ulcers and the total area of erosive injury in the mucous membrane are studied. Antioxidants/antihypoxants metaprot in a daily dose of 50 mg/kg and diosmin in a daily dose of 100 mg/kg render gastroprotective action. The gastroprotective properties of both drugs are seems to connected with their reparative and antioxidative activity.
Las cárceles interiores de María de Cazalla: Análisis de un proceso inquisitorial
Authors: Esteva de Llobet María Dolores
Published: July 2016

Maria de Cazalla was condemned publicly by the Inquisition in the procceding of the 21th on April, 1529: She was condemned of "iluminist" and "lutheran", alter the Iluminist's Edict (Toledo, 23th on September, 1525). The influence of the book Doctrina cristiana, by Juan de Valdés, and the Erasmu's doctrine was imputed to her.

She was accused of heretic practicing of inside devotion that shut out disciplines, fasting, verbal oartion, worship at images and gaze on the cross. She was also accused of dening the free-will and to be a preacher woman.
Nuevos métodos y resultados del anális espectral de cinco fricativas inglesas
Authors: Barreiro Bilbao Silvia Carmen
Published: July 2016

This paper reports on a number of experiments carried out in order to describe the spectral characteristics of five English fricatives uttered in isolation and on a study of the influence on the spectrum of two variables, "subject" and "articulation". 7 male speakers with R.P. pronunciation were used as informants, producing 200 stimuli (40 per fricative). The material was analysed with a sonograph KAY 5500. As well as throwing new light on the spectral peak/formant frequencies and amplitudes there is a clear indication in evidence of the influence the aboye variables have on the spectrum of the fricatives. The results also show the intrinsic acoustic characteristics of each sound and their relationships with others. The data is presented in tables and illustrative graphs.
De la “constitucionalización” a la “convencionalización” del ordenamiento jurídico. La contribución del ius constitutionale commune
Authors: García Jaramillo Leonardo
Published: July 2016

Una de las expresiones más vívidas de la transnacionalización del derecho constitucional en América Latina es el diálogo judicial y académico que se ha venido desarrollando –sobre todo entre los países que en los últimos 25 años reformaron sus constituciones con importantes elementos afines, como la incorporación del bloque de constitucionalidad–. Dicha transnacionalización se ha fortalecido, a su vez, por otra de estas expresiones, como es la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en ejercicio del control de convencionalidad. Es pertinente la difusión y depuración del concepto de “convencionalización” del ordenamiento jurídico, que complementa y armoniza su proceso de “constitucionalización”. En virtud del mismo, no son ya únicamente las disposiciones constitucionales las que condicionan la validez y el desarrollo de los ordenamientos jurídicos nacionales, sino también las obligaciones internacionales que adquieren los países sobre la protección de los derechos consagrados en la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos y otros pactos. Este trabajo procura avanzar en la dirección de dicha evolución a partir de la utilidad del concepto de ius constitutionale commune para comprender este fenómeno y proyectar rumbos de acción hacia un constitucionalismo transformador de las desigualdades sociales y políticas que aquejan a los países de la región.
Editorial
Authors: Nunes Iran de Maria Leitão
Published: July 2016

Boa Leitura!
Autores
Authors: Cavalcante Anissa Ayala Rocha da Silva
Published: July 2016

Biografia.
DIÁLOGO POSSÍVEL SOBRE LIBERDADE E POLÍTICA: Hannah Arendt e Rousseau
Authors: Serra Maria Olilia
Published: July 2016

Apresenta-se a reflexão de Hannah Arendt sobre a compaixão no contexto da Revolução Francesa, com ênfase para a referência a Rousseau. Em sua obra Sobre a Revolução, a autora enfatiza que, a despeito de preconceitos, a liberdade sempre foi o objetivo das Revoluções. Nesse sentido, direciona sua reflexão para as Revoluções Modernas, principalmente para o papel desempenhado pela questão social. Ao examinar a Revolução Francesa, Arendt destaca que a opção dos homens da Revolução pela compaixão que foi elevada à categoria de virtude política, foi inspirada em Rousseau. Mas, para Arendt, é a amizade e não a compaixão que tem relevância política.Palavras-chave: Hannah Arendt. Rousseau. Liberdade. Política. Revolução.  DIALOGUE POSSIBLE ON FREEDOM AND POLITICS: Hannah Arendt and Rousseau Abstract: It presents Hannah Arendt’s reflection about compassion in the context of the French Revolution, withemphasis for the reference to Rousseau. In her work On revolution, the author emphasizes that, despite prejudices,freedom has always been the goal of the revolutions. Accordingly, she directs her reflection to the Modern Revolutions,mostly to the role played by social issues. When examining the French Revolution, Arendt emphasizes that theoption of men of the revolution for the compassion that was elevated to the cathegory of political virtue, was inspiredby Rousseau. But for Arendt, it is friendship not compassion that has political relevance.Keywords: Hannah Arendt. Rousseau. Freedom. Policy. Revolution. POSIBLE DIALOGO SOBRE LA LIBERTAD Y LA POLÍTICA: Hannah Arendt y RousseauResumen: Presentamos la reflexión de Arendt sobre la compasión en el contexto de la Revolución Francesa, con énfasis para la referencia a Rousseau. En su obra Sobre la revolución, el autor subraya que, a pesar de los prejuicios, libertad siempre ha sido el objetivo de las revoluciones. En consecuencia, dirige su reflexión a las revoluciones modernas, sobre todo al papel desempeñado por las cuestiones sociales. Al examinar la Revolución francesa, Arendt enfatiza que la opción de los hombres de la revolución por la compasión que fue elevada a la categoría de virtud política, fue inspirada por Rousseau. Pero para Arendt, la amistad y la compasión no tiene relevancia política.Palabras clave: Hannah Arendt. Rousseau. Libertad . Política . Revolución.
KANT, ROUSSEAU E AS BASES ESTÉTICAS DO PENSAMENTO
Authors: Corôa Pedro Paulo Da Costa
Published: July 2016

O nosso objetivo é mostrar como a questão relativa ao gosto pode ser encontrada, enquanto forma particular de juízo, na obra de Rousseau, em especial, no Emílio. Em decorrência disso, tudo o que nós aprendemos sobre a gênese moderna do chamado juízo de reflexão estético, identificado à Crítica do juízo, de Kant, se não exige uma correção, nos obriga, pelo menos, a reconhecer, antes do esforço crítico, o surpreendente e certeiro tratamento do tema por parte de Rousseau.Palavras-chave: Rousseau. Kant. Gosto. Juízo. Reflexão.  KANT, ROUSSEAU AND THE AESTHETIC BASIS OF THOUGHT Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the issue regarding esthetic taste as being a form of judgment,in particular in Rousseau’s work Emile. As a result most of what we know concerning the modern origin of judged ofesthetic reflection, as defined in Kant’s Critique of judgment, although not requiring a revision, at least obliges us torecognize the critical, surprising, and discerning treatment of the topic by Rousseau.Keywords: Rousseau. Kant. Esthetic taste. Judgment. Reflection.KANT, ROUSSEAU Y LAS BASES ESTÉTICAS DEL PENSAMIENTOResumen: Nuestro objetivo es demostrar cómo la cuestión relativa al gusto puede ser encontrada, mientras como una forma particular de juicio, en la obra de Rousseau, en especial, en el Emilio. Como resultado, todo lo que nosotros hemos aprendido sobre la génesis moderna del juicio de reflexión estético, identificado a la Crítica del Juicio, de Kant, si no requiere una corrección, nos obliga, por lo tanto, a reconocer, ante del esfuerzo crítico, el sorprendente y adecuado tratamiento del tema por la parte de Rousseau.Palabras clave: Rousseau. Kant. Gusto. Juicio. Reflexión.
KANT, ROUSSEAU E AS BASES ESTÉTICAS DO PENSAMENTO
Authors: Corôa Pedro Paulo Da Costa
Published: July 2016

O nosso objetivo é mostrar como a questão relativa ao gosto pode ser encontrada, enquanto forma particular de juízo, na obra de Rousseau, em especial, no Emílio. Em decorrência disso, tudo o que nós aprendemos sobre a gênese moderna do chamado juízo de reflexão estético, identificado à Crítica do juízo, de Kant, se não exige uma correção, nos obriga, pelo menos, a reconhecer, antes do esforço crítico, o surpreendente e certeiro tratamento do tema por parte de Rousseau. Palavras-chave: Rousseau. Kant. Gosto. Juízo. Reflexão.  KANT, ROUSSEAU AND THE AESTHETIC BASIS OF THOUGHT Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the issue regarding esthetic taste as being a form of judgment,in particular in Rousseau’s work Emile. As a result most of what we know concerning the modern origin of judged ofesthetic reflection, as defined in Kant’s Critique of judgment, although not requiring a revision, at least obliges us torecognize the critical, surprising, and discerning treatment of the topic by Rousseau.Keywords: Rousseau. Kant. Esthetic taste. Judgment. Reflection. KANT, ROUSSEAU Y LAS BASES ESTÉTICAS DEL PENSAMIENTOResumen: Nuestro objetivo es demostrar cómo la cuestión relativa al gusto puede ser encontrada, mientras como una forma particular de juicio, en la obra de Rousseau, en especial, en el Emilio. Como resultado, todo lo que nosotros hemos aprendido sobre la génesis moderna del juicio de reflexión estético, identificado a la Crítica del Juicio, de Kant, si no requiere una corrección, nos obliga, por lo tanto, a reconocer, ante del esfuerzo crítico, el sorprendente y adecuado tratamiento del tema por la parte de Rousseau. Palabras clave: Rousseau. Kant. Gusto. Juicio. Reflexión.
Multivariate analysis in some genotypes of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] on the basis of agronomic traits of two consecutive growing cycles
Authors: Sarkar* Moushree , Kundagrami Sabyasachi
Published: July 2016

An experiment to evaluate eleven agro morphological traits in twenty three genotypes of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in the field experiment was conducted in two consecutive years 2013 and 2014. Data were recorded on quantitative as well as visually assayed agro morphological traits including days to 50 per cent flowering, days to 1st picking of pods, days to final picking, plant height (cm), number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight (g), seed yield/plant (g) and harvest index (%). All the traits were analysed using multivariate statistical analysis. Most of the important evaluated traits showed a wide range of variation. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method grouped the genotypes into five clusters. The component of mungbean genotypes among different clusters was varied from two to nine genotypes. The maximum number of genotypes i.e., 9 is found in cluster III followed by cluster IV comprising of 6 genotypes. Cluster V showed the maximum mean value for plant height, branch/plant, pods/plant, seed/pod, seed yield/plant and lowest values for days to 50% maturity, 1st picking and days to maturity. Principal component analysis revealed that the first five main PCAs amounted 71.11% of the total variation among genotypes. PC1 accounts for maximum variability in the data with respect to succeeding components.