bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Một số đặc điểm dịch tễ học sốt xuất huyết dengue tại Bắc Giang, 2015 - 2022
Authors: Hiển Dương Thị , Minh Giáp Văn , Loan Đỗ Phương , Sơn Phạm Thanh , Nhàn Đoàn Thị Thanh , Linh Phan Thuỳ , Duyên Nguyễn Thị Mai , Vân Triệu Thị Thanh , Minh Đặng Thanh
Published: January 2024

Sốt xuất huyết dengue (SXHD) là bệnh truyền nhiễm cấp tính do vi rút dengue gây nên. Để góp phần phòng chống SXHD, chúng tôi tiến hành nghiên cứu mô tả một số đặc điểm dịch tễ học bệnh SXHD và phân bố huyết thanh của vi rút dengue tại Bắc Giang trong giai đoạn 2015 - 2022. Kết quả cho thấy, tỷ lệ mắc SXHD trung bình là 8,85/100.000 dân, không có trường hợp tử vong. Có tới 98% các trường hợp SXHD xuất hiện từ tháng 5 đến tháng 12. Tỷ lệ mắc SXHD cao nhất ở khu vực thành phố (15,83/100.000 dân), sau đó đến khu vực trung du (9,44/100.000 dân) và thấp nhất là khu vực miền núi (5,98/100.000 dân). Tuổi trung bình mắc SXHD là 31,34 (95%CI: 30,52 - 32,16). Tỷ lệ mắc SXHD ở nhóm > 15 tuổi (13,75/100.000 dân) cao gấp 14 lần tỷ lệ mắc ở nhóm ≤ 15 (0,98/100.000 dân). Từ năm 2015 - 2022, trên địa bàn tỉnh Bắc Giang phát hiện được 3 týp vi rút Dengue, gồm D1, D2, D4; chưa phát hiện được týp D3. Týp D1 và D2 thay nhau chiếm ưu thế, xuất hiện năm 2017, 2019, 2020, 2022; týp D4 phát hiện được năm 2017 và 2022 nhưng với tỷ lệ rất thấp. Cần tăng cường giám sát dịch tễ và vi rút dengue để có biện pháp dự phòng hiệu quả.
Nhận thức và hành vi sử dụng, thải bỏ pin đã qua sử dụng của sinh viên Trường Đại học Kỹ thuật Y - Dược Đà Nẵng năm 2022
Authors: Thi Nguyễn Phạm Mai , Hương Nguyễn Xuân
Published: January 2024

Cùng với sự phát triển của các thiết bị điện tử, nhu cầu sử dụng pin trên thế giới càng ngày càng cao, số lượng pin thải ra khổng lồ; tuy nhiên việc thu gom và xử lý pin đã qua sử dụng còn nhiều vấn đề, là hiểm họa gây ô nhiễm môi trường và đe dọa sức khỏe con người. Tại Việt Nam, những nghiên cứu về sử dụng và thải bỏ pin còn rất hạn chế. Vì vậy, chúng tôi thực hiện nghiên cứu này nhằm mô tả nhận thức và hành vi sử dụng, thải bỏ pin đã qua sử dụng của sinh viên trường Đại học Kỹ Thuật Y - Dược Đà Nẵng. Phương pháp nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang tiến hành trên 337 sinh viên. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy các đối tượng nghiên cứu có nhận thức đúng về sử dụng pin chiếm tỷ lệ cao (69%), nhưng nhận thức đúng về thải bỏ pin lại thấp (28%). Có tới 64% đối tượng nghiên cứu vứt pin đã sử dụng vào thùng rác sinh hoạt, chỉ có 11% sinh viên đem pin đã sử dụng đến các điểm thu gom pin. Nguyên nhân chính khiến sinh viên không đem pin đến điểm thu hồi là do không biết các điểm thu hồi. Vì vậy, cần phải đẩy mạnh công tác truyền thông nhằm giảm thiểu sử dụng pin, đặc biệt là loại pin sử dụng một lần và tăng cường thải bỏ pin đúng cách cho sinh viên.
Black Litigants in the Antebellum American South
Authors: Welch Kimberly
Published: January 2024

In the antebellum Natchez district, in the heart of slave country, black people sued white people in all-white courtrooms. They sued to enforce the terms of their contracts, recover unpaid debts, recuperate back wages, and claim damages for assault. They sued in conflicts over property and personal status. And they often won. Based on new research conducted in courthouse basements and storage sheds in rural Mississippi and Louisiana, Kimberly Welch draws on over 1,000 examples of free and enslaved black litigants who used the courts to protect their interests and reconfigure their place in a tense society. To understand their success, Welch argues that we must understand the language that they used--the language of property, in particular— to make their claims recognizable and persuasive to others and to link their status as owner to the ideal of a free, autonomous citizen. In telling their stories, Welch reveals a previously unknown world of black legal activity, one that is consequential for understanding the long history of race, rights, and civic inclusion in America.
Angels and Devils in the Traditional Lithuanian Worldview: Affinities and Oppositions
Authors: Šlapikienė Solveiga
Published: January 2024

In the article, I examine the allegedly opposing supernatural beings of the traditional Lithuanian worldview – angels and devils. Primarily, I discuss the ways of depicting the relationship between angels and devils in the Lithuanian folk narratives. The article aims at establishing features of angels and devils revealed in folklore, when both of them perform their activities under similar circumstances. It focuses on mythical common origins of the angels and devils and their activities as human companions.

According to my study, the affinity of the angels and devils is based, first, on their common primeval angelic nature, and on the functions that they perform, including their proximity to humans: following them in the course of their entire life and transporting their souls to another world after death. However, the actions of angels and devils respectively have different motivation, since they obey opposing forces that govern the world, namely, God or Lucifer. In folk narratives, activities of angels and devils are largely related to humans, and the human soul is their main goal; this reflects the important side of the traditional Lithuanian worldview – a constant battle between forces divine and demonic.
Evaluation of the profitability and competitiveness of sugarcane production in Ivory Coast using Pearson and Monke's Policy Analysis Matrix (1987)
Authors: Kouakou Kouakou Paul-Alfred
Published: January 2024

In Ivory Coast, sugarcane production is one of the main income-generating activities in rural areas. In recent years, the sugar sector has been booming due to strong demand on the national and international markets. This study therefore aims to assess the profitability and competitiveness of the Ivorian sugar sector. Primary and secondary data have been analysed using Pearson and Monke's (1987) Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The results show that the production link in the sugarcane chain is financially and economically profitable. It is also competitive and has a comparative advantage, despite the distortions. However, producers are poorly protected. Agricultural policy measures aimed at increasing yields per hectare and improving incomes would therefore be beneficial for sugarcane growers.
Розвиток креативності учнів на уроках образотворчого мистецтва засобами колажу
Authors: Алтухова Анна , Пятак Антон
Published: January 2024

У статті розглянуто техніку колаж, як засіб розвитку креативності на уроках образотворчого мистецтва. Визначено, види та педагогічні задачі, які він допомагає вирішувати. Автори розглядають колаж як потужний засіб стимулювання творчого мислення та самовираження учнів, надаючи їм можливість експериментувати з різноманітними матеріалами та створювати унікальні художні композиції. Підкреслено, що застосування колажу на уроках мистецтва сприяє розвитку креативності, формуванню творчої самостійності та розкриттю індивідуального художнього вираження здобувачів освіти.
Психологічні особливості статевої ідентифікації дошкільників
Authors: Коваленко Ельвіра
Published: January 2024

Стаття присвячена проблемі гендерного розвитку особистості дітей дошкільного віку. Розкриті базові поняття теми (гендерна ідентичність та гендерна поведінка) та описані закономірності їх становлення в дошкільному віці. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що гендерна ідентичність формується в процесі статево-рольової соціалізації.
Емоційні чинники творчого мислення юнаків
Authors: Косенко Юлія
Published: January 2024

Стаття присвячена висвітленню чинників креативності у представників юнацького віку. Описано актуальність дослідження, останні наукові дослідження в цій сфері та методичні засади проведеного емпіричного пошуку. Проаналізовано результати емпіричного дослідження креативності юнаків із різним рівнем емоційного інтелекту.
Особливості осмисленості життя і цінностей у людей дорослого віку
Authors: Любченко Світлана
Published: January 2024

Стаття присвячена висвітленню особливостей становлення ціннісно-смислової сфери у людей дорослого віку. Проаналізовано зв’язки вікових новоутворень та провідної діяльності в дорослому віці із переважаючими ціннісно-смисловими орієнтаціями представників цього вікового періоду.
Managing thrombotic complications in heart failure: role of warfarin and other anticoagulants
Authors: Kuat Sultan  , Tolenbekova Aruzhan , Beisebay Symbat
Published: January 2024

This article summarizes the findings of research aimed at comparing the effectiveness of anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and concomitant conditions, including heart failure. The studies evaluated the impact of warfarin, aspirin, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban on the risk of stroke, systemic embolisms, and bleeding events. The results indicate significant differences in the efficacy and safety of these medications: warfarin reduces the risk of stroke but increases the likelihood of bleeding; edoxaban and rivaroxaban showed a decrease in bleeding risk while maintaining efficacy in stroke prevention. The research also identified the stability of drug effects based on the severity of heart failure, emphasizing the need for an individualized approach to treatment selection in this patient group.
IPFS як засіб підвищення ефективності DVPN
Authors: Алієва Марія
Published: January 2024

Ця робота досліджує застосування децентралізованих VPN (DVPN) з використанням блокчейн-технології для підвищення безпеки мереж Інтернету речей (ІоТ) від атак типу “людина посередині” (MitM). Робота розкриває ключові переваги та виклики впровадження технології DVPN у мережі ІоТ, з приділенням основної уваги подоланню високих вимог до ресурсів при застосуванні блокчейну. З метою вирішення проблематики було запропоновано поєднати DVPN з міжпланетною файловою системою (InterPlanetary File System, IPFS), що дозволить зменшити навантаження на ресурси ІоТ-пристроїв.
Метод відсікання безперспективних варіантів для задач цілочисельного лінійного програмування з булевими змінними з використанням рангового підходу
Authors: Голубничий Дмитро , Коломійцев Олексій , Осієвський Сергій , Третяк Вячеслав , Рибальченко Аліна , Любченко Олексій , Головченко Олександр
Published: January 2024

Стаття досліджує проблему оптимізації структури розподілених баз даних для хмарних OLTP-систем, та особливості методу відсікання неперспективних варіантів при рішенні задачі цілочисельного лінійного програмування з булевими змінними з використанням рангового підходу.
PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT OF THE STUDENT AT THE BASIC STAGES OF PREPARATION TO COMPETITIONS IN SYSTEM OF JUNIOR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Authors: Andreev A. M. , Andreyeva O. A. , Stepanova O. S.
Published: January 2024

The article provides the author’s solution to the problem of pedagogical support for students at the main stages of preparation for competitions in the system of the Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The All-Ukrainian competition for the defense of scientific research works of students — members of the National Academy of Sciences is aimed at identifying and developing gifted students, and involving them in research, scientific, project, design, invention and search activities. The article provides a methodical analysis of such main stages of preparing students for competitions in the MAN system as: choosing a direction of research, setting a problem, formulating a technical task, analyzing existing solutions with highlighting their shortcomings, searching for ideas and their further development, theoretical and experimental research of the proposed solution, approbation and implementation of the invention, design of scientific research work, creation of means of visualization of the results of scientific research, preparation of the student for public defense of the work. The methodical analysis of each of the stages is illustrated by examples from the student project “Portable current source for powering low-power devices”. The given methodical analysis will be especially useful for novice teachers who aim to create favorable conditions for the organization of students’ creative activities.
EFFICIENCY OF USING AUTHENTIC MATERIALS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Chulanova H. V. , Vedmydera K. S.
Published: January 2024

The article considers the study of using authentic materials during the foreign language teaching in comprehensive schools. Special attention is given to the study of features and methods of using authentic materials for the reading and listening skills development among primary school students. The work uses a multidisciplinary approach with the involvement of relevant general scientific and linguistic research methods, that allowed considering the “authentic materials” concept in the methodological discourse and defining this material as a key tool for teaching English, which contributes to increasing the students’ motivation level to learn a foreign language. In frames of the analysis of the authentic materials main types in the teaching English process, printed texts and video materials with audio are studied. Based on the analysis, the authentic texts and video materials influence on students’ reading and listening skills of a foreign language is revealed. Corresponding to the theoretical material, an empirical study was carried out. Its task was to improve the foreign language proficiency level among the 4th grade students of a comprehensive school levels I through III, who became subjects. A set of listening exercises was developed on the basis of authentic video material in order to assess the knowledge and understanding level of the text by students. The empirical study results prove that viewing, assimilating the video material and completing the tasks after viewing contribute to the listening skills improvement and contributes to the students’ acquisition effectiveness of foreign language communicative competence. The conducted empirical research also helped to determine and formulate the main tasks and recommendations for the further using authentic materials combined with exercises during the foreign language teaching to students of comprehensive Ukrainian schools.
PERFIL CLÍNICO-EPIDEMIOLÓGICO E INJÚRIA RENAL AGUDA EM PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS À CIRURGIA CARDÍACA
Authors: Oliveira Guilherme Schibichewski de , Briancini Amanda Ebert , Linden Dylson Junyor Neckel , Aguiar Gabriel Lucas Azevedo , Lodi Luize Marques , Almeida Rui Manuel de Sousa Sequeira Antunes de
Published: January 2024

Este estudo retrospectivo analisou o perfil clínico-epidemiológico, a taxa de mortalidade e os fatores associados à lesão renal aguda (LRA) em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias cardíacas no Hospital São Lucas/FAG de Cascavel, Paraná. Investigando 144 prontuários (de junho de 2022 a abril de 2023), a taxa de mortalidade foi de 11,8%, e as cirurgias de a revascularização do miocárdio e troca valvar foram as mais prevalentes. Fatores de risco pessoais, idade e tipo de cirurgia foram importantes variáveis estudadas, evidenciando a necessidade de uma abordagem personalizada. O tempo médio de CEC foi 80,7 minutos, variando também de acordo com cada grupo analisado. Seu uso mais prolongado esteve associado a complicações, especialmente nos procedimentos mais complexos. Em paralelo, foi apresentado o perfil do grupo de pacientes que evoluíram com IRA, a qual evidenciou um percentual elevado dos pacientes em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca apresentou essa complicação, com taxa de mortalidade elevada quando comparados com os que não a desenvolveram.
Mispointing characterization and Doppler velocity correction for the conically scanning WIVERN Doppler radar
Authors: Scarsi Filippo Emilio , Battaglia Alessandro , Tridon Frederic , Martire Paolo , Dhillon Ranvir , Illingworth Anthony
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Global measurements of horizontal winds in cloud and precipitation systems represent a gap in the global observation system. The Wind Velocity Radar Nephoscope (WIVERN) mission, one of the two candidates to be the ESA's Earth Explorer 11 mission, aims at filling this gap based on a conically scanning W-band Doppler radar instrument. The determination of the antenna boresight mispointing angles and the impact of their uncertainty on the line of sight Doppler velocities is critical to achieve the mission requirements. While substantial industrial efforts are on their way to achieving accurate determination of the pointing, alternative (external) calibration approaches are currently under scrutiny. The correction of the line of sight Doppler velocity error introduced by the mispointing only needs knowledge of such mispointing angles and does not need the correction of the mispointing itself. Thus, this work discusses four methods applicable to the WIVERN radar that can be used at different timescales to characterize the antenna mispointing both in the azimuthal and in the elevation directions and to correct the error in the Doppler velocity induced by such mispointing. Results show that elevation mispointing is well corrected at very short timescales by monitoring the range at which the surface peak occurs. Azimuthal mispointing is harder but can be tackled by using the expected profiles of the non-moving surface Doppler velocity. Biases in pointing at longer timescales can be monitored by using a well-established reference database (e.g. ECMWF reanalysis) or ad-hoc ground-based calibrators. Although tailored to the WIVERN mission, the proposed methodologies can be extended to other Doppler concepts featuring conically scanning or slant viewing Doppler systems.
Joint 1DVar retrievals of tropospheric temperature and water vapor from Global Navigation Satellite System radio occultation (GNSS-RO) and microwave radiometer observations
Authors: Wang Kuo-Nung , Ao Chi O. , Morris Mary G. , Hajj George A. , Kurowski Marcin J. , Turk Francis J. , Moore Angelyn W.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Global Navigation Satellite System radio occultation (GNSS-RO) and microwave radiometry (MWR) are two of the most impactful spaceborne remote sensing techniques for numerical weather prediction (NWP). These two techniques provide complementary information about atmospheric temperature and water vapor structure. GNSS-RO provides high vertical resolution measurements with cloud penetration capability, but the temperature and moisture are coupled in the GNSS-RO retrieval process and their separation requires the use of a priori information or auxiliary observations. On the other hand, the MWR measures brightness temperature (Tb) in numerous frequency bands related to the temperature and water vapor structure but is limited by poor vertical resolution (> 2 km) and precipitation. In this study, we combine these two technologies in an optimal estimation approach, 1D variation method (1DVar), to improve the characterization of the complex thermodynamic structures in the lower troposphere. This study employs both simulated and operational observations. GNSS-RO bending angle and MWR Tb observations are used as inputs to the joint retrieval, where bending can be modeled by an Abel integral and Tb can be modeled by a radiative transfer model (RTM) that takes into account atmospheric absorption, as well as surface reflection and emission. By incorporating the forward operators into the 1DVar method, the strength of both techniques can be combined to bridge individual weaknesses. Applying 1DVar to the data simulated from large eddy simulation (LES) is shown to reduce GNSS-RO temperature and water vapor retrieval biases at the lower troposphere while simultaneously capturing the fine-scale variability that MWR cannot resolve. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to quantify the impact of the a priori information and error covariance used in different retrieval scenarios. The applicability of 1DVar joint retrieval to the actual GNSS-RO and MWR observations is also demonstrated through combining collocated COSMIC-2 and Suomi-NPP (National Polar-orbiting Partnership) measurements.
Estimating the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate from one-dimensional velocity measurements in time
Authors: Schröder Marcel , Bätge Tobias , Bodenschatz Eberhard , Wilczek Michael , Bagheri Gholamhossein
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate is one of the most important quantities characterizing turbulence. Experimental studies of a turbulent flow in terms of the energy dissipation rate often rely on one-dimensional measurements of the flow velocity fluctuations in time. In this work, we first use direct numerical simulation of stationary homogeneous isotropic turbulence at Taylor-scale Reynolds numbers 74≤Rλ≤321 to evaluate different methods for inferring the energy dissipation rate from one-dimensional velocity time records. We systematically investigate the influence of the finite turbulence intensity and the misalignment between the mean flow direction and the measurement probe, and we derive analytical expressions for the errors associated with these parameters. We further investigate how statistical averaging for different time windows affects the results as a function of Rλ. The results are then combined with Max Planck Variable Density Turbulence Tunnel hot-wire measurements at 147≤Rλ≤5864 to investigate flow conditions similar to those in the atmospheric boundary layer. Finally, practical guidelines for estimating the energy dissipation rate from one-dimensional atmospheric velocity records are given.
The Langley ratio method, a new approach for transferring photometer calibration from direct sun measurements
Authors: Almansa Antonio Fernando , Barreto África , Kouremeti Natalia , González Ramiro , Masoom Akriti , Toledano Carlos , Gröbner Julian , García Rosa Delia , González Yenny , Kazadzis Stelios , Victori Stéphane , Álvarez Óscar , Maupin Fabrice , Carreño Virgilio , Cachorro Victoria Eugenia , Cuevas Emilio
Published: January 2024

Abstract. This article presents a new method for transferring calibration from a reference sun photometer, referred to as the “master”, to a secondary sun photometer, referred to as the “field”, using a synergetic approach when master and field instruments have different spectral bands. The method was first applied between a precision filter radiometer (denoted PFR) instrument from the World Optical Depth Research and Calibration Center (WORCC), considered the reference by the WMO (World Meteorological Organization), and a CE318-TS photometer (denoted Cimel), the standard photometer used by AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork). These two photometers have different optics, sun-tracking systems, and spectral bands. The Langley ratio (LR) method proposed in this study was used to transfer calibration to the closest spectral bands for 1 min synchronous data for air masses between 2 and 5, and it was compared to the state-of-the-art Langley calibration technique. The study was conducted at two different locations, Izaña Observatory (IZO) and Valladolid, where measurements were collected almost simultaneously over a 6-month period under different aerosol regimes. In terms of calibration aspects, our results showed very low relative differences and standard deviations in the calibration constant transferred in IZO from the PFR to the Cimel: up to 0.29 % and 0.46 %, respectively, once external factors such as different fields of view between photometers or the presence of calibration issues were considered. However, these differences were higher in the comparison performed at Valladolid (1.04 %) and in the shorter-wavelength spectral bands (up to 0.78 % in IZO and 1.61 % in Valladolid). Additionally, the LR method was successfully used to transfer calibrations between different versions of the CE318-T photometer, providing an accurate calibration transfer (0.17 % to 0.69 %) in the morning LRs, even when the instruments had differences in their central wavelengths (Δλ up to 91 nm). Overall, our results indicate that the LR method is a useful tool not only for transferring calibrations but also for detecting and correcting possible instrumental issues. This is exemplified by the temperature dependence of the signal on the two Cimel UV spectral bands, which was estimated by means of the LR method, resulting in a signal rate of change of approximately -0.09×10-2 per degree in the case of 380 nm and approximately -0.03×10-2 per degree in the case of 340 nm. This estimation allowed us to implement the first operative temperature correction on ultraviolet (UV) spectral bands.
Merging TEMPEST Microwave and GOES-16 Geostationary IR soundings for improved water vapor profiles
Authors: Kuo Chia-Pang , Kummerow Christian
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems Demonstration (TEMPEST-D) demonstrated the capability of CubeSat satellites to provide high-quality, stable microwave signals for estimating water vapor, clouds, and precipitation from space. Unlike the operational NOAA and MetOp series satellites, which combine microwave and hyperspectral infrared sensors on the same platforms to optimize retrievals, CubeSat radiometers such as TEMPEST do not carry additional sensors. In such cases, the high temporal and spatial resolution and multi-channel measurements from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on the next-generation series of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES-R) are ideal for assisting these smaller, stand-alone radiometers. Based on sensitivity tests, the water vapor retrievals from TEMPEST are improved by adding water-vapor-sounding channels at 6.2, 6.9, and 7.3 mm from ABI, which help to increase the vertical resolution of soundings and reduce retrieval errors. Under clear sky conditions, retrieval biases and root-mean-square errors improve by approximately 10 %, while under cloudy skies, biases remain unchanged but root-mean-square errors still decrease by 5 %. Humidity soundings are also validated using coastal radiosonde data from the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA) from 2019 to 2020. When ABI indicates clear skies, water vapor retrievals improve somewhat by decreasing the overall bias in the microwave only estimate by roughly 10 %, although layer root-mean-square errors remain roughly unchanged at 1 g/kg when three ABI channels are added. When ABI indicates cloudy conditions, there is little change in the results. The small number of matched radiosondes may limit the observed improvement.
Sensitivity of thermodynamic profiles retrieved from ground-based microwave and infrared observations to additional input data from active remote sensing instruments and numerical weather prediction models
Authors: Bianco Laura , Adler Bianca , Bariteau Ludovic , Djalalova Irina V. , Myers Timothy , Pezoa Sergio , Turner David D. , Wilczak James M.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Accurate and continuous estimates of the thermodynamic structure of the lower atmosphere are highly beneficial to meteorological process understanding and its applications, such as weather forecasting. In this study, the Tropospheric Remotely Observed Profiling via Optimal Estimation (TROPoe) physical retrieval is used to retrieve temperature and humidity profiles from various combinations of input data collected by passive and active remote sensing instruments, in-situ surface platforms, and numerical weather prediction models. Among the employed instruments are Microwave Radiometers (MWRs), Infrared Spectrometers (IRS), Radio Acoustic Sounding Systems (RASS), ceilometers, and surface sensors. TROPoe uses brightness temperatures and/or radiances from MWRs and IRSs, as well as other observational inputs (virtual temperature from the RASS, cloud base height from the ceilometer, pressure, temperature, and humidity from the surface sensors) in a physical-iterative retrieval approach. This starts from a climatologically reasonable profile of temperature and water vapor, with the radiative transfer model iteratively adjusting the assumed temperature and humidity profiles until the derived brightness temperatures and radiances match those observed by the MWRs and/or IRSs instruments within a specified uncertainty, as well as within the uncertainties of the other observations, if used as input. In this study, due to the uniqueness of the dataset that includes all the above-mentioned sensors, TROPoe is tested with different observational input combinations, some of which also include information higher than 4 km above ground level (agl) from the operational Rapid Refresh numerical weather prediction model. These temperature and humidity retrievals are assessed against independent collocated radiosonde profiles under non-cloudy conditions to assess the sensitivity of the TROPoe retrievals to different input combinations.
Stable oxygen isotopes of crocodilian tooth enamel allow tracking Plio-Pleistocene evolution of freshwater environments and climate in the Shungura Formation (Turkana Depression, Ethiopia)
Authors: Gardin Axelle , Pucéat Emmanuelle , Garcia Géraldine , Boisserie Jean-Renaud , Euriat Adélaïde , Joachimski Michael M. , Nutz Alexis , Schuster Mathieu , Otero Olga
Published: January 2024

Abstract. This study adopts a new approach describing palaeohydrology and palaeoclimates based on the interpretation of stable oxygen isotopes (δ18Op) recorded in fossil crocodilian teeth. They represent an archive of prime interest for tracking freshwater palaeoenvironmental change, applicable to many palaeontological localities in the world: crocodilian teeth are abundant in continental basins and have been widely distributed since their diversification during the Mesozoic; the enamel phosphate is resistant to diagenesis and retains its original isotopic composition over geological timescales; and their δ18Op mainly relies on that of the crocodilian's home waterbody (δ18Ow), which in turn reflects waterbody types, regional climate, and evaporation conditions. This study presents the first application of this theoretical interpretative model to the Shungura Formation (Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia), a key witness of the important environmental change in eastern Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene that impacted the evolution of regional faunas, including humans. In this complex and variable environmental context, the δ18Op of coexisting crocodilians allows for the fingerprinting of the diversity of aquatic environments they had access to at a local scale. This study sheds light on two important results: the δ18Op of crocodilian teeth (1) indicates stable aquatic environments in the northern Turkana Depression from 2.97 to ca. 2.57 Ma but a decline in local waterbodies diversity after 2.32 Ma, suggesting increasing aridity, and (2) shows, like previous geochemical studies on palaeosols and bivalves in the area, a significant increase in δ18Ow from 2.97 to ca. 1.14 Ma, likely due to the shifting air stream convergence zones between the West African and Indian Summer Monsoons and/or reduced rainfall over the Ethiopian Highlands.
Mercury records covering the past 90 000 years from lakes Prespa and Ohrid, SE Europe
Authors: Paine Alice R. , Fendley Isabel M. , Frieling Joost , Mather Tamsin A. , Lacey Jack H. , Wagner Bernd , Robinson Stuart A. , Pyle David M. , Francke Alexander , Them II Theodore R. , Panagiotopoulos Konstantinos
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The element mercury (Hg) is a key pollutant, and much insight has been gained by studying the present-day Hg cycle. However, many important processes within this cycle operate on timescales responsive to centennial- to millennial-scale environmental variability, highlighting the importance of also investigating the longer-term Hg records in sedimentary archives. To this end, we here explore the timing, magnitude, and expression of Hg signals retained in sediments over the past ∼ 90 kyr from two lakes, linked by a subterranean karst system: Lake Prespa (Greece, North Macedonia, and Albania) and Lake Ohrid (North Macedonia and Albania). Results suggest that Hg fluctuations are largely independent of variability in common host phases in each lake, and the recorded sedimentary Hg signals show distinct differences first during the Late Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stages 2–5). The Hg signals in Lake Prespa sediments highlight an abrupt, short-lived peak in Hg accumulation coinciding with local deglaciation. In contrast, Lake Ohrid shows a broader interval with enhanced Hg accumulation and, superimposed, a series of low-amplitude oscillations in Hg concentration peaking during the Last Glacial Maximum, which may result from elevated clastic inputs. Divergent Hg signals are also recorded during the Early and Middle Holocene (Marine Isotope Stage 1). Here, Lake Prespa sediments show a series of large Hg peaks, while Lake Ohrid sediments show a progression to lower Hg values. Since ∼ 3 ka, anthropogenic influences overwhelm local fluxes in both lakes. The lack of coherence in Hg accumulation between the two lakes suggests that, in the absence of an exceptional perturbation, local differences in sediment composition, lake structure, Hg sources, and water balance all influence the local Hg cycle and determine the extent to which Hg signals reflect local- or global-scale environmental changes.
MiGIS: micromorphological soil and sediment thin section analysis using an open-source GIS and machine learning approach
Authors: Zickel Mirijam , Gröbner Marie , Röpke Astrid , Kehl Martin
Published: January 2024

Abstract. ​​​​​​​Micromorphological analysis using a petrographic microscope is one of the conventional methods to characterise microfacies in rocks (sediments) and soils. This analysis of the composition and structure observed in thin sections (TSs) yields seminal, but primarily qualitative, insights into their formation. In this context, the following question arises: how can micromorphological features be measured, classified, and particularly quantified to enable comparisons beyond the micro scale? With the Micromorphological Geographic Information System (MiGIS), we have developed a Python-based toolbox for the open-source software QGIS 3, which offers a straightforward solution to digitally analyse micromorphological features in TSs. By using a flatbed scanner and (polarisation) film, high-resolution red–green–blue (RGB) images can be captured in transmitted light (TL), cross-polarised light (XPL), and reflected light (RL) mode. Merging these images in a multi-RGB raster, feature-specific image information (e.g. light refraction properties of minerals) can be combined in one data set. This provides the basis for image classification with MiGIS. The MiGIS classification module uses the random forest algorithm and facilitates a semi-supervised (based on training areas) classification of the feature-specific colour values (multi-RGB signatures). The resulting classification map shows the spatial distribution of thin section features and enables the quantification of groundmass, pore space, minerals, or pedofeatures, such nodules being dominated by iron oxide and clay coatings. We demonstrate the advantages and limitations of the method using TSs from a loess–palaeosol sequence in Rheindahlen (Germany), which was previously studied using conventional micromorphological techniques. Given the high colour variance within the feature classes, MiGIS appears well-suited for these samples, enabling the generation of accurate TS feature maps. Nevertheless, the classification accuracy can vary due to the TS quality and the academic training level, in micromorphology and in terms of the classification process, when creating the training data. However, MiGIS offers the advantage of quantifying micromorphological features and analysing their spatial distribution for entire TSs. This facilitates reproducibility, visualisation of spatial relationships, and statistical comparisons of composition among distinct samples (e.g. related sediment layers).
Improved definition of prior uncertainties in CO2 and CO fossil fuel fluxes and the impact on a multi-species inversion with GEOS-Chem (v12.5)
Authors: Super Ingrid , Scarpelli Tia , Droste Arjan , Palmer Paul I.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) frameworks for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are being developed by countries across the world to keep track of progress towards national emission reduction targets. Data assimilation plays an important role in MRVs, combining different sources of information to get the best possible estimate of fossil fuel emissions and as a consequence better estimates for fluxes from the natural biosphere. Robust estimates for fossil fuel emissions rely on accurate estimates of uncertainties corresponding to the different pieces of information. We describe prior uncertainties in CO2 and CO fossil fuel fluxes, with special attention paid to spatial error correlations and the covariance structure between CO2 and CO. This represents the first time that the prior uncertainties in CO2 and the important co-emitted trace gas CO are defined consistently, including error correlations, which allows us to make use of the synergy between the two trace gases to better constrain CO2 fossil fuel fluxes. The CO:CO2 error correlations differ per sector, depending on the diversity of sub-processes occurring within a sector, and also show a large range in values between pixels for the same sector. For example, for other stationary combustion the pixel correlation values range from 0.1 to 1.0, whereas for road transport the correlation is mostly larger than 0.6. We illustrate the added value of our prior uncertainty definition using closed-loop numerical experiments over mainland Europe and the UK, which isolate the influence of using error correlations between CO2 and CO and the influence of prescribing more detailed information about prior emission uncertainties. We find that using our realistic prior uncertainty definition helps our data assimilation system to differentiate more easily between CO2 fluxes from biogenic and fossil fuel sources. Using the improved prior emission uncertainties we find fewer geographic regions with significant changes from the prior than using the default prior uncertainties, but they almost consistently move closer to the prescribed true values, in contrast to the default prior uncertainties. We also find that using CO provides additional information on CO2 fossil fuel fluxes, but only if the CO:CO2 error covariance structure is defined realistically. Using the default prior uncertainties, the CO2 fossil fuel fluxes move farther away from the truth for many geographical regions. With the default uncertainties the maximum deviation of fossil fuel CO2 from the prescribed truth is about 7 % in both the prior and posterior result. With the advanced uncertainties this is reduced to 3 % in the posterior.
Climate tipping point interactions and cascades: a review
Authors: Wunderling Nico , von der Heydt Anna S. , Aksenov Yevgeny , Barker Stephen , Bastiaansen Robbin , Brovkin Victor , Brunetti Maura , Couplet Victor , Kleinen Thomas , Lear Caroline H. , Lohmann Johannes , Roman-Cuesta Rosa Maria , Sinet Sacha , Swingedouw Didier , Winkelmann Ricarda , Anand Pallavi , Barichivich Jonathan , Bathiany Sebastian , Baudena Mara , Bruun John T. , Chiessi Cristiano M. , Coxall Helen K. , Docquier David , Donges Jonathan F. , Falkena Swinda K. J. , Klose Ann Kristin , Obura David , Rocha Juan , Rynders Stefanie , Steinert Norman Julius , Willeit Matteo
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Climate tipping elements are large-scale subsystems of the Earth that may transgress critical thresholds (tipping points) under ongoing global warming, with substantial impacts on the biosphere and human societies. Frequently studied examples of such tipping elements include the Greenland Ice Sheet, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), permafrost, monsoon systems, and the Amazon rainforest. While recent scientific efforts have improved our knowledge about individual tipping elements, the interactions between them are less well understood. Also, the potential of individual tipping events to induce additional tipping elsewhere or stabilize other tipping elements is largely unknown. Here, we map out the current state of the literature on the interactions between climate tipping elements and review the influences between them. To do so, we gathered evidence from model simulations, observations, and conceptual understanding, as well as examples of paleoclimate reconstructions where multi-component or spatially propagating transitions were potentially at play. While uncertainties are large, we find indications that many of the interactions between tipping elements are destabilizing. Therefore, we conclude that tipping elements should not only be studied in isolation, but also more emphasis has to be put on potential interactions. This means that tipping cascades cannot be ruled out on centennial to millennial timescales at global warming levels between 1.5 and 2.0 ∘C or on shorter timescales if global warming surpassed 2.0 ∘C. At these higher levels of global warming, tipping cascades may then include fast tipping elements such as the AMOC or the Amazon rainforest. To address crucial knowledge gaps in tipping element interactions, we propose four strategies combining observation-based approaches, Earth system modeling expertise, computational advances, and expert knowledge.
Lagoon hydrodynamics of pearl farming islands: the case of Gambier (French Polynesia)
Authors: Bruyère Oriane , Le Gendre Romain , Liao Vetea , Andréfouët Serge
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Between 2019 and 2020, the Gambier lagoon was instrumented over a period of 9 months with a large array of autonomous oceanographic instruments measuring temperature, pressure, and current. Two deployments were conducted from June to October 2019 (Leg1) and from late October 2019 to late February 2020 (Leg2). A total of 16 instrumented locations were spread across the lagoon and on the forereef. Physical parameters were measured to characterize the wave climate, tide and surges, lagoonal circulation, and spatial and vertical temperature variabilities. Those observations were part of the ANR-funded MANA project (2017–2022) and its derivatives that were aimed at improving knowledge of processes influencing the spat collection of Pinctada margaritifera oysters that are used for black pearl farming and production. This dataset was a prerequisite for the development of a high-resolution biophysical model on the Gambier lagoon that is aimed at understanding the connectivity of oyster larvae (Bruyère et al., 2023a). The sampling strategy focused on the northern region of the Gambier lagoon and especially on the sub-lagoon of Rikitea, which is a prime spat collection site. The dataset was post processed, quality controlled, and is archived in a dedicated repository with a permanent DOI via the SEANOE marine data platform (https://doi.org/10.17882/94148, Andréfouët et al., 2023b).
Representing effects of surface heterogeneity in a multi-plume eddy diffusivity mass flux boundary layer parameterization
Authors: Arnold Nathan Patrick
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Earth System Models (ESMs) typically represent surface heterogeneity on scales smaller than the atmospheric grid, while land-atmosphere coupling is based on grid mean values. Here we present a general approach allowing subgrid surface heterogeneity to influence the updraft thermodynamic properties in a multi-plume mass flux parameterization. The approach is demonstrated in single column experiments with an Eddy Diffusivity Mass Flux (EDMF) boundary layer scheme. Instead of triggering based on grid mean surface values, updrafts are explicitly assigned to individual surface tiles with positive buoyancy flux. Joint distributions of near-surface vertical velocities and thermodynamic variables are defined over individual surface tiles, and updraft properties are drawn from the positive tails of the distributions. The approach allows updraft properties to covary with surface heterogeneity, and updrafts from different tiles maintain distinct properties to heights of several hundred metres. Mass flux contributions to subgrid variances are increased near the surface, but impacts on mean state variables are relatively small. We suggest that larger impacts might be obtained by adding a specialized plume to represent the effects of secondary circulations.
Quantitative Study of Storm Surge Risk Assessment in Undeveloped Coastal Area of China Based on Deep Learning and Geographic Information System (GIS) Techniques: A Case Study of Double-Moon Bay Zone
Authors: Yu Lichen , Huang Shining , Qin Hao , Wei Wei , Mu Lin
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Storm surge is a common nature disaster in China southern coastal area, which usually causes heavy human life and economic losses. With the economic development and population concentration of coastal cities, the storm surges may result in more impacts and damage in the future. Therefore, it is of vital importance to conduct risk assessment to identify high-risk areas and evaluate economic losses. However, quantitative study of storm surge risk assessment in undeveloped areas of China is difficult, since there is a lack of building characters and damage assessment data. Aiming at the problem of data missing in undeveloped areas of China, this paper proposes a methodology for conducting storm surge risk assessment quantitatively based on deep learning and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Five defined storm surge inundation scenarios with different typhoon return periods are simulated by coupled FVCOM-SWAN model, the reliability of which is validated using official measurements. Building footprints of the study area are extracted through TransUNet deep learning model and Remote Sensing Image (RSI), while building heights are obtained through Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) measurement. Subsequently, economic losses are quantitatively calculated by combing the adjusted depth-damage functions and overlay analysis of the buildings exposed to storm surge inundation. Zonation maps of the study area are illustrated to display the risk levels according to the economic losses. The quantitative risk assessment and zonation maps can help the government to make storm surge disaster prevention measures and optimize land use planning, and thus to reduce the potential economic losses of the coastal area.
Evaluating different geothermal heat-flow maps as basal boundary conditions during spin-up of the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Zhang Tong , Colgan William , Wansing Agnes , Løkkegaard Anja , Leguy Gunter , Lipscomb William H. , Xiao Cunde
Published: January 2024

Abstract. There is currently poor scientific agreement on whether the ice–bed interface is frozen or thawed beneath approximately one third of the Greenland ice sheet. This disagreement in basal thermal state results, at least partly, from differences in the subglacial geothermal heat-flow basal boundary condition used in different ice-flow models. Here, we employ seven widely used Greenland geothermal heat-flow maps in 10 000-year spin-ups of the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM). We perform two spin-ups: one nudged toward thickness observations and the other unconstrained. Across the seven heat-flow maps, and regardless of unconstrained or nudged spin-up, the spread in basal ice temperatures exceeds 10 ∘C over large areas of the ice–bed interface. For a given heat-flow map, the thawed-bed ice-sheet area is consistently larger under unconstrained spin-ups than nudged spin-ups. Under the unconstrained spin-up, thawed-bed area ranges from 33.5 % to 60.0 % across the seven heat-flow maps. Perhaps counterintuitively, the highest iceberg calving fluxes are associated with the lowest heat flows (and vice versa) for both unconstrained and nudged spin-ups. These results highlight the direct, and non-trivial, influence of the heat-flow boundary condition on the simulated equilibrium thermal state of the ice sheet. We suggest that future ice-flow model intercomparisons should employ a range of basal heat-flow maps, and limit direct intercomparisons with simulations using a common heat-flow map.