bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Priority Given to Technology in Government-Based Mental Health and Addictions Vision and Strategy Documents: Systematic Policy Review
Authors: Lal Shalini , Siafa Lyna , Lee Hajin , Adair Carol E
Published: May 2021

Background

The use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to deliver mental health and addictions (MHA) services is a global priority, especially considering the urgent shift towards virtual delivery of care in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to monitor the evolving role of technology in MHA services. Given that MHA policy documents represent the highest level of priorities for a government’s vision and strategy for mental health care, one starting point is to measure the frequency with which technology is mentioned and the terms used to describe its use in MHA policy documents (before, during, and after COVID-19). Yet, to our knowledge, no such review of the extent to which ICTs are referred to in Canadian MHA policy documents exists to date.

Objective

The objective of this systematic policy review was to examine the extent to which technology is addressed in Canadian government–based MHA policy documents prior to the COVID-19 pandemic to establish a baseline for documenting change.

Methods

We reviewed 22 government-based MHA policy documents, published between 2011 and 2019 by 13 Canadian provinces and territories. We conducted content analysis to synthesize the policy priorities addressed in these documents into key themes, and then systematically searched for and tabulated the use of 39 technology-related keywords (in English and French) to describe and compare jurisdictions.

Results

Technology was addressed in every document, however, to a varying degree. Of the 39 searched keywords, we identified 22 categories of keywords pertaining to the use of technology to deliver MHA services and information. The 6 most common categories were tele (n=16/22), phone (n=12/22), tech (n=11/22), online (n=10/22), line (n=10/22), and web (n=10/22), with n being the number of policy documents in which the category was mentioned out of 22 documents. The use of terms referring to advanced technologies, such as virtual (n=6/22) and app (n= 4/22), were less frequent. Additionally, policy documents from some provinces and territories (eg, Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador) mentioned a diverse range of ICTs, whereas others described only 1 form of ICT.

Conclusions

This review indicates that technology has been given limited strategic attention in Canadian MHA policy. Policy makers may have limited knowledge on the evidence and potential of using technology in this field, highlighting the value for knowledge translation and collaborative initiatives among policy makers and researchers. The development of a pan-Canadian framework for action addressing the integration and coordination of technology in mental health services can also guide initiatives in this field. Our findings provide a prepandemic baseline and replicable methods to monitor how the use of technology-supported services and innovations emerge relative to other priorities in MHA policy during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Using Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to Access Google Data and Gain Insights Into Searches on Birth Control in Louisiana and Mississippi, 2014-2018: Infoveillance Study
Authors: Prata Ndola , Weidert Karen , Zepecki Anne , Yon Elina , Pleasants Elizabeth , Sams-Abiodun Petrice , Guendelman Sylvia
Published: May 2021

Background

It is now common to search for health information online. A 2013 Pew Research Center survey found that 77% of online health seekers began their query at a search engine. The widespread use of online health information seeking also applies to women’s reproductive health. Despite online interest in birth control, not much is known about related interests and concerns reflected in the search terms in the United States.

Objective

In this study, we identify the top search terms on Google related to birth control in Louisiana and Mississippi and compare those results to the broader United States, examining how Google searches on birth control have evolved over time and identifying regional variation within states.

Methods

We accessed search data on birth control from 2014-2018 from 2 Google application programming interfaces (APIs), Google Trends and Google Health Trends. We selected Google as it is the most commonly used search engine. We focused our analysis on data from 2017 and compared with 2018 data as appropriate. To assess trends, we analyzed data from 2014 through 2018. To compare the relative search frequencies of the top queries across Louisiana, Mississippi, and the United States, we used the Google Health Trends API. Relative search volume by designated marketing area (DMA) gave us the rankings of search volume for each birth control method in each DMA as compared to one another.

Results

Results showed that when people searched for “birth control” in Louisiana and the broader United States, they were searching for information on a diverse spectrum of methods. This differs from Mississippi, where the data indicated people were mainly searching for information related to birth control pills. Across all locations, searches for birth control pills were significantly higher than any other queries related to birth control in the United States, Louisiana, and Mississippi, and this trend remained constant from 2014 to 2018. Regional level analysis showed variations in search traffic for birth control across each state.

Conclusions

The internet is a growing source of health information for many users, including information on birth control. Understanding popular Google search queries on birth control can inform in-person discussions initiated by family planning practitioners and broader birth control messaging campaigns.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/16543
A Traditional Chinese Medicine Traceability System Based on Lightweight Blockchain
Authors: Wang Zhengfei , Wang Lai , Xiao Fu'an , Chen Qingsong , Lu Liming , Hong Jiaming
Published: May 2021

Background

Recently, the problem of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) safety has attracted attention worldwide. To prevent the spread of counterfeit drugs, it is necessary to establish a drug traceability system. A traditional drug traceability system can record the whole circulation process of drugs, from planting, production, processing, and warehousing to use by hospitals and patients. Once counterfeit drugs are found, they can be traced back to the source. However, traditional drug traceability systems have some drawbacks, such as failure to prevent tampering and facilitation of sensitive disclosure. Blockchain (including Bitcoin and Ethernet Square) is an effective technology to address the problems of traditional drug traceability systems. However, some risks impact the reliability of blockchain, such as information explosion, sensitive information leakage, and poor scalability.

Objective

To avoid the risks associated with the application of blockchain, we propose a lightweight block chain framework.

Methods

In this framework, both horizontal and vertical segmentations are performed when designing the blocks, and effective strategies are provided for both segmentations. For horizontal segmentation operations, the header and body of the blockchain are separated and stored in the blockchain, and the body is stored in the InterPlanetary File System. For vertical segmentation operations, the blockchain is cut off according to time or size. For the addition of new blocks, miners only need to copy the latest part of the blockchain and append the tail and vertical segmentation of the block through the consensus mechanism.

Results

Our framework could greatly reduce the size of the blockchain and improve the verification efficiency.

Conclusions

Experimental results have shown that the efficiency improves compared with ethernet when a new block is added to the blockchain and a search is conducted.
A Care Knowledge Management System Based on an Ontological Model of Caring for People With Dementia: Knowledge Representation and Development Study
Authors: Kim Gyungha , Jeon Hwawoo , Park Sung Kee , Choi Yong Suk , Lim Yoonseob
Published: May 2021

Background

Caregivers of people with dementia find it extremely difficult to choose the best care method because of complex environments and the variable symptoms of dementia. To alleviate this care burden, interventions have been proposed that use computer- or web-based applications. For example, an automatic diagnosis of the condition can improve the well-being of both the person with dementia and the caregiver. Other interventions support the individual with dementia in living independently.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop an ontology-based care knowledge management system for people with dementia that will provide caregivers with a care guide suited to the environment and to the individual patient’s symptoms. This should also enable knowledge sharing among caregivers.

Methods

To build the care knowledge model, we reviewed existing ontologies that contain concepts and knowledge descriptions relating to the care of those with dementia, and we considered dementia care manuals. The basic concepts of the care ontology were confirmed by experts in Korea. To infer the different care methods required for the individual dementia patient, the reasoning rules as defined in Semantic Web Rule Languages and Prolog were utilized. The accuracy of the care knowledge in the ontological model and the usability of the proposed system were evaluated by using the Pellet reasoner and OntOlogy Pitfall Scanner!, and a survey and interviews were conducted with caregivers working in care centers in Korea.

Results

The care knowledge model contains six top-level concepts: care knowledge, task, assessment, person, environment, and medical knowledge. Based on this ontological model of dementia care, caregivers at a dementia care facility in Korea were able to access the care knowledge easily through a graphical user interface. The evaluation by the care experts showed that the system contained accurate care knowledge and a level of assessment comparable to normal assessment tools.

Conclusions

In this study, we developed a care knowledge system that can provide caregivers with care guides suited to individuals with dementia. We anticipate that the system could reduce the workload of caregivers.
A Wearable Ballistocardiography Device for Estimating Heart Rate During Positive Airway Pressure Therapy: Investigational Study Among the General Population (Preprint)
Authors: Gardner Mark , Randhawa Sharmil , Malouf Gordon , Reynolds Karen
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition in which a person’s airway is obstructed during sleep, thus disturbing their sleep. People with OSA are at a higher risk of developing heart problems. OSA is commonly treated with a positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy device, which is used during sleep. The PAP therapy setup provides a good opportunity to monitor the heart health of people with OSA, but no simple, low-cost method is available for the PAP therapy device to monitor heart rate (HR).

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop a simple, low-cost device to monitor the HR of people with OSA during PAP therapy. This device was then tested on a small group of participants to investigate the feasibility of the device.

METHODS

A low-cost and simple device to monitor HR was created by attaching a gyroscope to a PAP mask, thus integrating HR monitoring into PAP therapy. The gyroscope signals were then analyzed to detect heartbeats, and a Kalman filter was used to produce a more accurate and consistent HR signal. In this study, 19 participants wore the modified PAP mask while the mask was connected to a PAP device. Participants lay in 3 common sleeping positions and then underwent 2 different PAP therapy modes to determine if these affected the accuracy of the HR estimation.

RESULTS

Before the PAP device was turned on, the median HR error was <5 beats per minute, although the HR estimation error increased when participants lay on their side compared with when participants lay on their back. Using the different PAP therapy modes did not significantly increase the HR error.

CONCLUSIONS

These results show that monitoring HR from gyroscope signals in a PAP mask is possible during PAP therapy for different sleeping positions and PAP therapy modes, suggesting that long-term HR monitoring of OSA during PAP therapy may be possible.
Peer Review of “Why We Are Losing the War Against COVID-19 on the Data Front and How to Reverse the Situation” (Preprint)
Authors: Lafon-Hughes Laura
Published: May 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review report.
Comparison of Postvaccination Fever between Single and Multiple Vaccines using Patient-Generated Health Data: A Retrospective Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Hyery , Park Ji Ae , Chang Seyun , Shin Jae Won , Kim Myungchan , Lee Jae-Ho , Park Yu Rang
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Multiple vaccinations have been practiced widely in children to reduce hospital visits and the number of mental distresses ahead of vaccinations. However, in practice, how the fever patterns differ between multiple vaccinations and single vaccination is unknown.

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the postvaccination fever patterns of six vaccines—diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis, pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae B, polio, rotavirus, and influenza—recommended for children aged 2-6 months in the National Immunization Program of Korea by collecting logs of registered users of a mobile application.

METHODS

Multiple vaccinations were defined as simultaneous administration of ≥2 of the six vaccines. Further, multiple vaccination cases were divided into vaccination with (multiple-in) and without (multiple-out) the vaccine of interest. Postvaccination fever (≥38.0 °C) for each vaccine within 72h after vaccination was compared among single, multiple-in, and multiple-out groups according to antipyretic use.

RESULTS

In DTaP with antipyretics, single vaccination had similar the duration time (hour) of postvaccination fever to multiple-in, however multiple-in lasted about an hour longer than multiple-out. In PCV with and without antipyretics, single vaccination had similar the onset time when the first fever (≥38.0℃) occurred after vaccination to multiple-in, however the onset time of multiple-in was 5 to 7 hours faster than multiple-out.

CONCLUSIONS

Multiple vaccinations did not induce more severe fever or have rapid onset compared with a single vaccination. The post-vaccination fever patterns shown in single vaccination also appeared in multiple vaccinations including the vaccine.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not indicated
Climate change-related risk adaptation in striped catfish, tilapia and shrimp farming systems in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Vo Nam Son , Dao Minh Hai , Nguyen Do Quynh , Long Van Nghia , Phan Thi Thanh Truc , Nguyen Quynh Anh , Nguyen Do Quynh , Lebel Boripat , Lebel Louis , Nguyen Thanh Phuong
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine climate change-related risk (CCR) impacts, responses of farmers, and assistant activities in tilapia cage culture (TC), striped catfish nursery (SCN), striped catfish grow-out (SCG), improved extensive shrimp (IES) and intensive shrimp (IS) systems. A survey of 601 farmers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, was conducted using clustered sampling. Intense rainfall events and rapid changes in temperature affected all five surveyed farm systems. Extreme high temperatures impacted the TC, IES and IS systems, while extreme low temperatures impacted the striped catfish groups (SCN and SCG). Striped catfish farming systems were more sensitive to low temperatures in comparison to shrimp and tilapia. For risk management purposes, increasing pond dike height was applied in the SCN and SCG farming systems. While increased pond depth was observed in the SCN, SCG and IS systems, the IS and SCN systems had higher counts of additional pond construction. Water quality was monitored and feed supplements/medicines were used by farmers in all five farm systems; however, these activities were higher for the SCN, SCG and IS systems than for the TC and IES groups. Reduced stocking density was observed in TC, SCN, SCG and IS, but not in IES. In addition, the use of aerators or mixers was the most-employed solution in the IS system. Amongst information sources of climate-related risks, television was found to be the most important, followed by neighbouring farmers and the Department of Fisheries (DOF)...
Deshidratación en el paciente adulto
Authors: Espinosa García Michelle Monserrat , Daniel Guerrero Alba Brenda , Durán Cárdenas Cassandra , Hernández Gutiérrez Laura Silvia
Published: May 2021

Dehydration is a clinical state due to the loss of water and solutes; in adults the causes of this clinical state are diverse: gastrointestinal and renal losses, skin alterations (burns) or
sequestration of the third space (fractures). The diagnosis is clinical, the signs and symptoms determine the degree of dehydration and the treatment to be implemented. In this work a review is made on the physiology, pathophysiology, clinical picture and therapeutic treatment of the adult patient, since there is little literature directed to this age group.
Keywords: Dehydration; adult; water; electrolytes."
Environmental assessment of the potential for arsenic leaching into groundwater from mine wastes in Baja Cali- fornia Sur, Mexico
Authors: Carrillo A. , Drever J. I.
Published: May 2021

Arsenolite (As203)was historically produced as a byproduct of gold and silver extraction in southernmost Baja California Peninsula. There are in the San Antonio-El Triunfo area more than 800,000 tonnes of mine waste material with an average content of 4% arsenic oxide.  The chemical reaction to produce arsenic trioxide (arsenolite) was the oxidation of arsenopyrite (AsFeS) with gold (ore) to produce iron oxides (Fe203) with gold and releasing SO2and As203 fumes. During the process the arsenic fumes sublimated onto the inner walls of old, mineral processing plants. When the chambers filled up, they were periodically emptied out on big piles of oxidized tailings. But once the plants were abandoned, the chambers remain half filled with approximately 600 tonnes of pure arsenolite. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) indicate that the trace element content in the arsenolite and its banded structure may be due to the use of different ore for gold and silver extraction. A rough but conservative analysis of the potential leaching, based on results of the humidity cell test on mine waste material (arsenolite and arsenolite-bearing oxidized tailings) indicates that from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/l arsenic could be released into the groundwater system of the region.

Real world data from the local aquifer show a close match with the calculations, indicating the close relation between arsenic content in tailings and groundwater.
The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic active continental margin of western North America in northeastern Mexico
Authors: Barboza-Gudino J. Rafael , Tristán-González Margarito , Torres-Hernández J. Ramon
Published: May 2021

En el noreste de México se han reportado algunos afloramientos de rocas volcánicas Triásicas y Jurásicas, cuyas características petrológicas y geoquímicas demuestran una afinidad de arco que permite relacionarlas a una margen continental activa. Más elementos que apoyan este ambiente tectónico se localizan en los estados de Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, Nuevo León y Tamaulipas, en donde una secuencia siliciclástica tipo flysch en la porción occidental y un bloque continental pre-mesozoico en la porción oriental subyacen a la secuencia volcanogénica. En el presente trabajo se propone que las rocas volcánicas Triásicas y Jurásicas, así como algunas capas rojas asociadas que se encuentran en el centro y noreste de México, están relacionadas genéticamente con una margen continental activa y solamente algunas de las secuencias de capas rojas expuestas en el extremo oriental de México estarían relacionadas a estructuras de rift, posiblemente asociadas a la partición de Pangea como se ha propuesto hasta ahora, o en nuestra opinión, relacionadas más bien a cuencas de trasarco, además de las secuencias relacionadas a procesos posteriores, como la transgresión marina del Calloviano-Oxfordiano, asociada a la evolución de la margen pasiva o la apertura del Golfo de México.
Error propagation in geochemical modeling of trace elements in two-component mixing
Authors: P. Verma Surendra
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se desarrollan las ecuaciones de propagación de incertidumbres para un modelado geoquímico de elementos traza durante una mezcla de dos componentes o miembros terminales. Las ecuaciones proporcionan las incertidumbres resultantes en la concentración de un elemento o la relación de dos elementos en una mezcla de dos miembros, como función de las incertidumbres iniciales de medición. Varios ejemplos ilustran el empleo de estas ecuaciones en el modelado geoquímico. Aunque, como esperado, la concentración de un elemento o la relación de dos elementos en la mezcla se encuentra siempre entre los valores correspondientes a los dos miembros, no es el caso para las incertidumbres correspondientes de medición. La %Rsd (Desviación estándar relativa expresada en %) de la concentración de un elemento en la mezcla nunca es mayor de %Rsd del miembro con mayor incertidumbre para ese elemento, pero podría ser menor al miembro con menor incertidumbre. De la misma manera, la propagación de incertidumbres con los datos de basaltos y sedimentos de la placa de Cocos proporciona ejemplos adicionales para el empleo de estas nuevas ecuaciones y su importancia en problemas petrogenéticos.
Chitosan-based hydrogels supplemented with gelatine and Link N enhance extracellular matrix deposition by encapsulated cells in a degenerative intervertebral disc environment
Authors:   Laboratory for endovascular biomaterials (LBeV), CHUM research centre (CRCHUM), 900 St Denis St, Montreal, QC H2X 3H8, Canada, Adoungotchodo A , Epure LM , Mwale F , Lerouge S
Published: May 2021

Injectable therapies for intervertebral disc (IVD) repair are gaining much interest. Recently, a chitosan (CH)-based injectable scaffold has been developed that has similar mechanical properties to human nucleus pulposus (NP) and provides a suitable environment for encapsulated NP cell survival and proteoglycan production. The hypothesis of the study was that the biological response of the encapsulated cells can be further increased by adding gelatine and Link N (LN, a naturally occurring peptide present in cartilage and IVD extracellular matrix), known to increase cell adhesion and proteoglycan production, respectively. The effect of gelatine on the mechanical properties of a CH hydrogel was evaluated through rheological and compressive mechanical tests. Production of proteoglycan [assessed as glycosaminoglycan (GAG)] by encapsulated NP cells was determined in the presence or absence of gelatine in normal or degenerative medium supplemented with LN. Normal and degenerative media replicate the healthy and degenerative disc environment, respectively. Gelatine slightly reduced the gelation rate of CH hydrogel but improved its final mechanical properties in compression. LN had a minimal effect in normal medium but induced significantly more GAG production in degenerative medium (p < 0.001, 4.7-fold superior to the control), reaching similar results to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (used as a positive control). GAG production was further increased in CH-gelatine hydrogels, confirming an additive effect of LN and gelatine in a degenerative environment. The results supported the concept that CH-gelatine hydrogels supplemented with LN can help restore the function of the NP during the early stages of IVD degeneration.
Social Interaction Patterns in Broken Home Family Members (A Study on the Interaction of Children as Divorce Victims with Family Members in the Ronggomulyo Family of Tuban Regency)
Authors: Sulistyowati Tutik , Kumalasari Luluk Dwi , Afryliani Indah Wati
Published: May 2021

Broken home is a condition where a family experienced a split caused by conflicts or disputes, disagreements between married couples. From the inability of married couples in maintaining the family, most couples eventually decided to have a divorce. This condition results the children to be the victims of parental divorce. It results in depression state of the child even to the frustration that is difficult to control and regulated. This study aims to find out, and describe 1) The child interaction pattern of the divorce victims with family members in Ronggomulyo Village Tuban Regency. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative research method. The data were obtained from observation, interview, and documentation. The research subjects have been selected based on certain criteria using purposive sampling technique. This study uses Symbolic Interactionism theory by George Herbert Mead. The results of this study are 1) The subject understanding of divorce is painful 2) The subject understanding of parent after divorce is parent experience a change in attitude 3) The subject’s actions after the divorce is changes in behavior 4) The subject’s interaction with the family members after the divorce in this research is dissociative and associative.
The A utilização do slackline como recurso auxiliar no treino de equilíbrio em idosos
Authors: Lima Rebelo Felipe , Bitar Mello Fellipe Jose Moura , Sampaio Freire Tassio Gabriel , Ferreira Silva Julio Cesar , De Oliveira Balbino Joslan , De Araujo Silva Clara Maria
Published: May 2021

Introdução: O processo de envelhecimento configura ao idoso alterações importantes no controle postural. Essas alterações de equilíbrio predispõe o indivíduo que envelhece a um maior risco de queda, sendo, por isso, cada vez mais importante a implementação e o estudo de recursos que objetivem o ganho de equilíbrio, tanto em fins preventivos quanto terapêuticos. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da utilização do slackline como recurso auxiliar no treino de equilíbrio em idosos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, quase-experimental, tendo como sujeitos da pesquisa dez idosas, participantes de um grupo de envelhecimento pela Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade. Os sujeitos foram submetidos a uma avaliação prévia, com escalas e instrumentos validados de mensuração do equilíbrio e passaram por uma intervenção para treino de equilíbrio, utilizando como recurso o slackline. Após a intervenção, que durou seis semanas, com frequência de duas vezes por semana, as idosas foram reavaliadas com os mesmos testes. Resultados: Os resultados apontaram que o treino através do slackline proporcionou um ganho significativo para equilíbrio postural na Escala de Avaliação do Equilíbrio e da Marcha de Tinetti 26,20 (p <0,01), velocidade de marcha no Timed Up & go (TUG) 6,74 (p <0,01), alcance funcional anterior no Teste de alcance funcional (TAF) 21,77 (p <0,01) e medo de queda na Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional - Brasil (FES-I-BRASIL) 24,10 (p <0,01). Conclusão: Conclui-se que a utilização do slackline como recurso auxiliar no treino de equilíbrio mostrou-se eficaz para os idosos que participaram da intervenção.
Use of Patient Identifiers at the University of Washington School of Medicine: Building Institutional Consensus to Reduce Bias and Stigma
Authors: Kost Amanda , Akande Tokunbo , Jones Robert , Gabert Rose , Isaac Margaret , Dettmar Nicole S.
Published: May 2021

Background and Objectives: Patient identifiers are used in the opening lines of case presentations and written documentation in health care and medical education settings. These identifiers can reflect physicians’ implicit biases, which are known to impact patient care. Yet, no clear recommendations for the use of patient identifiers to reduce bias and stigma in patient care and medical education learning environments currently exist. We describe a process and outcomes for articulating such recommendations.Methods: The University of Washington School of Medicine convened a group of diverse stakeholders to create patient identifier recommendations for use in the undergraduate medical education program. After a literature review, 22 recommendations for the use of patient identifiers were articulated. These underwent public comment periods reaching 11,150 potential respondents across our 5-state institution. Feedback from 437 respondents informed modifications to the recommendations. We used consensus methodology with three rounds of surveys and an expert group of 27 stakeholders to adopt recommendations with an a priori threshold of 90% agreeing the recommendation should be used. Results: We adopted 12 recommendations for patient identifiers for age, gender/sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, ability, size, and stigma; nine in round one, three in round two, and none in the third round. Discussion: Our institution vetted these patient identifier recommendations via public comment and consensus methodology. Next steps include implementation across the undergraduate medical education program, including classroom and clinical settings. Other institutions could consider similar processes as key steps to reduce bias and stigma in their medical education programs.
Landscape Analysis Over 30 Years to Assess the Impact of River Damming On Natural Ecosystem
Authors: Petrosians Hasti Andon , Danehkar Afshin , Samani Ali Akbar Nazari , Mashahadi Naser
Published: May 2021

Although there are considerable profits in dam projects, they contribute
to significant environmental changes. Landscape patterns are influenced
by human pressure and are altered continuously. This study investigated
the changes in the landscape pattern of Jask’s coastal area in Iran due
to the Jagin River dam’s construction. A proposed methodology employed
satellite images from 1987 to 2018 and classiﬁed them by multiple
approaches to make LULC maps. Eight information categories were
evaluated after classification. The accuracy of the classification was
determined using the error matrix and kappa index. FRAGSTATS software
was applied to calculate several landscape metrics such as edge density
(ED), largest patch index (LPI) and Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI).
The study reported that water right especially in the recent years,
because of excessive use of reserve water, decreased and downstream of
Jagin River was dried. The landscapes were continuously characterized by
anthropogenic pattern features (agriculture land, aquaculture land,
built-up land and residential land) after the dam’s construction.
Rangeland cover and riparian vegetation decreased, and agriculture land
increased with in filling pattern. The sand dune area has been spread to
the residential area and roots of mangrove forests, because of this
reason some parts of mangrove forest dried and roads are covered by sand
dune. Their temporal comparison allowed us to localize the change in
landscape patterns under the study time. The results can help
decision-makers to evaluate the net benefits acquired as a result of the
dam projects.
Supporting Information for "Sensorized Foam Actuator with Intrinsic Proprioception and Tunable Stiffness Behavior for Soft Robots"
Authors: Babu* Saravana Prashanth Murali , Visentin Francesco , Sadeghi Ali , Mondini Alessio , Meder Fabian , Mazzolai* Barbara
Published: May 2021

This Supporting information includes:

1. Component Selection and Performance of SFA

2. Actuator Manufacturing and Preparation of Conductive Ink

3. Average Thickness of Conductive Coating layer on PU Foam

4. Time Response of the Actuator in Different Modes

5. Characterization and Experimental Setup

6. Measurement and Data Analysis

7. Design Specifications of Soft Robotic Applications

8. Supporting Video

 Corresponding author Email: 
saravanaprashanth@outlook.com,
barbara.mazzolai@iit.it
Hydrological functioning of a field combining surface and subsurface drainage: from the water balance to the soil water pathways.
Authors: Gaillot Arthur , Delbart Célestine , Salvador-Blanes Sébastien , Vanhooydonck Pierre , Desmet Marc , Grangeon Thomas , Noret Aurélie , Cerdan Olivier
Published: May 2021

Agricultural drainage networks increase hydrological connectivity from
the field to the receiving environments. The response to the issue of
surface water quality therefore implies an understanding of the
hydrological processes related to drainage, particularly at the field
scale. Drainage by tile drains and drainage ditch are the two most
studied types at the plot scale. They can be complemented by temporary
surface drains to improve the removal of surface runoff. The
hydrological processes and functioning of tile-drained fields have been
extensively studied at the event scale. However, few studies have been
conducted over a full hydrological year and the description of water
pathways in the soil generally relies on either exogenous tracer
monitoring or irrigation experiments. In addition, only a few studies
have been conducted on fields combining tile drainage and temporary
surface drainage. In this study, high temporal resolution quantification
of runoff from surface and subsurface drainage was conducted for a full
year to establish one of the first water balances for a surface and
subsurface drained field. Soil water pathways were studied under dry and
saturated soil conditions tracing water by measuring stable isotope
concentrations (18O and 2H) on rainwater, soil water, and surface and
subsurface runoff. Runoff quantifications showed that surface drainage
and subsurface drainage respectively evacuate 41% and 32% of the
annual cumulated effective rainfall. The water balance highlights the
importance of infiltrations to the deep horizons: 46% of the water
transferred to the soil is not captured by the subsurface drains. Water
tracing showed that rainwater was directly transferred to subsurface
drains on dry soil, likely through macropores. On saturated soil, soil
water present before the rain remains the main source of water to the
subsurface drains, but event-rainwater also reaches the subsurface
drains and can constitute up to 25% of the subsurface runoff volume.
The functional role and diversity of soil nematodes are stronger at high elevation in the lesser Himalayan mountain ranges
Authors: Kouser Yasmeen , Shah Ali , Rasmann Sergio
Published: May 2021

Soil nematodes are a foremost component of terrestrial biodiversity,
they display the whole gamut of trophic guilds and life strategies, and
by their activity, affect major ecosystem processes, such as organic
matter degradation and carbon cycling. Based on nematodes’ functional
types, nematode community indices have been developed and can be used to
link variation in nematode community composition and ecosystem
processes. Yet, the use of these indices has been mainly restricted to
anthropogenic stresses. In this study, we propose to expand the use of
nematodes’ derived ecological indices to link soil and climate
properties with soil food webs, and ecosystem processes that all vary
along steep elevation gradients. For this purpose, we explored how
elevation affects the trophic and functional diversity of nematode
communities sampled every 300 m, from about 1000 m to 3700 m above sea
level, across four transects in the lesser Himalayan range of Jammu and
Kashmir. We found that (1) the trophic and functional diversity of
nematodes increases with elevation; (2) differences in nematodes
communities generate habitat-specific functional diversity; (3) the
sigma maturity index, the channel index, and the metabolic footprint of
nematodes increase with elevation, indicating less mature and less
productive ecosystems, enhanced fungal-based energy flow, and a
predominant role of nematodes in generating carbon influxes at high
elevation sites, respectively. We thus conclude that the functional
contribution of soil nematodes to belowground ecosystem processes,
including carbon and energy flow, is stronger at high elevation.
Overall, this study highlights the central importance of nematodes in
sustaining soil ecosystems and brings insights into their functional
role, particularly in alpine and arctic soils.
Seasonal Freeze-Thaw Modelling for Short Duration and Midwinter Melt events in Mineral Soils
Authors: Devoie Élise , Berg Aaron , Lara Renato Pardo , Quinton William , Craig James
Published: May 2021

Over winter freeze-thaw events are notoriously difficult to represent in
hydrologic models and have serious implications for the hydrologic
function of intermittently freezing regions. With changing climate
leading to higher variability in observed weather patterns, it is
anticipated that mid-winter thaw events may become more numerous,
especially in cold regions. Midwinter thaw events are often the cause of
flooding due to the coupled impact of rain-on-snow, and limited soil
infiltrability. A numerically efficient, semi-analytical coupled thermal
and mass transport model is presented that is capable of representing
the ice content of near-surface soil. This model allows for rapid and
stable prediction of the ice content of frozen or partially frozen soil
without having to solve a discrete form of the coupled partial
differential equations. The model tracks pore ice formation and soil
cold content in terms of enthalpy. It is tested against data collected
in Southern Saskatchewan and is shown to reproduce field observations.
This model is efficient enough to be incorporated as a module into
existing regional hydrologic models and is expected to improve
predictions of over-winter streamflow and flooding potential.
High SARS-CoV-2 protein S antibody titers in cord blood after COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: preliminary results
Authors: Zdanowski Wojciech , Waśniewski Tomasz
Published: May 2021

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has given
rise to the need to develop a vaccine as quickly as possible. As
pregnant women are at increased risk of contracting severe COVID-19,
with higher mortality, it is essential to assess the safety of the
vaccines administered during pregnancy. Methods The aim of this study
was to determine the titer of specific maternal and cord antibodies
against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 S protein after
antenatal vaccination. The secondary objective was to evaluate the ratio
of the umbilical cord to the maternal antibody titers. Patients included
in the study were enrolled after undergoing voluntary vaccination
against COVID-19 during pregnancy at different weeks of gestation. Their
decision concerning vaccination was independent of the decision to
participate in the present study. All patients analyzed in our initial
study were vaccinated with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Results
The results of the current study document high anti-S total antibody
titers in cord serum at birth in all mother-infant pairs analyzed.
Conclusions Our study suggests that maternal immunization may provide
neonatal protection through transplacental transfer of antibodies.
Klebsiella Pneumonia complicated by Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A rare association
Authors: Kapoor Ankita , Bhatia Unnati , Gandhi Roopali Goyal , Castillo Carlos Portales , Bajaj Suryansh
Published: May 2021

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare condition, characterized by
excessive cytokine release and inflammatory response. HLH can be primary
or secondary to infections, neoplasm or autoimmune conditions.
Management includes immunosuppressive agents. Diagnosis of HLH is
difficult in the setting of sepsis. We report a case of Klebsiella
pneumonia complicated by HLH.
Does a single dose of Palonosetron have any role in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients? A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Chun , Li Ping , Li Yugang , Lai Jin , Rastogi Sanjay
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Chemotherapy-induced nausea vomiting (CINV) is a troublesome
side-effect of chemotherapy in pediatric patients undergoing
Osteosarcoma treatment. The role of 5HT3 antagonists needs to be
explored for the same. The study aims to evaluate the superiority of
single-dose Palonosetron over Granisetron in pediatric patients
undergoing moderate emetogenic therapy for osteosarcoma. Materials and
Methods: In this double-blind, case-controlled, randomized study,
pediatric patients were assessed for acute nausea and vomiting following
moderate emetogenic chemotherapy for osteosarcoma. These children were
assigned to group I (palonosetron) and group II (Granisetron) without
other antiemetic prophylaxis. The primary objective variable was
children’s segment with complete response during the acute phase of the
first on-study chemotherapy cycle. Risk factors associated with the
trial were analyzed. The patients were followed for the first 24 hours
following chemotherapy. Results: A total number of 200 children were
evaluated, and other factors which might alter the response were
assessed into two groups. These 200 children underwent 604 blocks of
chemotherapy. The complete responses (CR) were documented in 83% and
72% receiving palonosetron and Granisetron, respectively, during the
acute phase. The only dexamethasone, used as rescue medication, was
found to be a significant risk factor that predisposed the response
(p<0.05) Conclusion: Palonosetron is an effective alternative
to Granisetron as a single dose for preventing CINV in children
receiving MEC for osteosarcoma.
Social networking sites passive use and its effects on sad-happy mood
Authors: Tartaglia Stefano , Bergagna Elisa
Published: May 2021

The social comparison theory explains some negative effect of social networking sites (SNSs) use. These Internet applications have made easier the online social comparison that in turn predicts depression and lower life satisfaction. Individuals prone to depression engage in greater levels of social comparison, particularly with others who are thought to be slightly better off, and experience a decrease in mood or self-esteem in the light of others? perceived happiness. The present study aimed at investigating the impact of the use of SNSs on the mood in an experimental design. In total, 120 university students were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the experimental groups, the participants were instructed to access their Facebook and browse personal profiles for 20 minutes; while in the control, they read articles. For the participants with initial low mood using Facebook further lowered their mood whereas for the other participants did not have any effect. Furthermore, using Facebook lowered the mood of the participants not accustomed to use it frequently.
High Burden of Subclinical and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adults with Metabolically Healthy Obesity: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Commodore-Mensah Yvonne , Lazo Mariana , Tang Olive , Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin , Ndumele Chiadi E. , Nambi Vijay , Wang Dan , Ballantyne Christie , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE: It is controversial whether adults who are obese,
but "metabolically healthy" have cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk comparable
to normal weight adults. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T(hs-cTnT), a
biomarker of myocardial damage, is useful in characterizing subclinical CVD. We
categorized obesity phenotypes and studied their associations with subclinical
and clinical CVD and CVD subtypes, including heart failure (HF).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional and prospective
analyses of 9,477 adults in the Atherosclerosis
Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. We used the Adult Treatment Panel III
criteria and body mass index (BMI) to define obesity phenotypes as
metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy overweight
(MHOv), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal
weight (MUNW), metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOv), and
metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO).

RESULTS: At baseline (1990-1992), mean age was 56 years, 56% were female, 23% Black, 25%
detectable hs-cTnT(≥ 6 ng/L). Over a median 17 years of follow-up, there
were 2,603 clinical CVD events. The MHO (HR 1.38, 95%CI:1.15-1.67), MUNW (HR 1.51, 95%CI:1.30-1.76), MUOv (HR 1.60,
95%CI:1.41-1.82) and MUO (HR 2.14,
95%CI: 1.88-2.44) phenotypes had higher
CVD risks than the MHNW. Detectable hs-cTnT(≥ 6 ng/L) was associated
with higher CVD risk, even among
MHNW adults. MHO adults had higher HF risk (HR 1.65, 95%CI:1.30-2.09) than
the MHNW.

CONCLUSIONS: The MHO phenotype was associated
with excess burden of clinical CVD, primarily driven by an excess risk of HF. Hs-cTnT was useful in stratifying CVD risk across
all obesity phenotypes, even among obese persons who appear otherwise metabolically
healthy.
A Survey on Tube Surfaces in Galilean 3-Space
Authors: ALMAZ Fatma , KÜLAHCİ Mihriban
Published: May 2021

In this study, the tube surfaces generated by the curve defined in Galilean 3-space are examined and some certain results of describing the geodesics on the surfaces are also given. Furthermore, the conditions of being geodesic on the tubular surface are obtained with the help of Clairaut’s theorem, which allows us to constitute the specific energy. The physical meaning of the specific energy and the angular momentum is of course related with the physical meaning itself. Our results show that the specific energy and the angular momentum obtained on tubular surfaces can be expressed using arbitrary geodesic curve in Galilean space. In addition, some characterizations are given for these surfaces, with the obtained mean and Gaussian curvatures.
MCrAlY İçerikli Bağ Kaplamaya Sahip Termal Bariyer Kaplamaların (TBCs) Mikroyapısal Özelliklerinin ve İzotermal Oksidasyon Davranışının İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZKAN Derviş
Published: May 2021

Termal bariyer kaplamalar (TBCs), havacılık ve endüstriyel gaz türbin motorlarının sabit ve hareketli parçalarını çevresel olumsuz etkilerden korumak amacıyla kullanılan yüksek sıcaklıkta çalışan koruyucu kaplamalardır. TBC sisteminde, servis süresince oluşabilecek oksidasyon ve korozyon gibi ana hasar oluşum mekanizmalarına karşı koruma sağlaması amacıyla kullanılan altlık malzeme, metalik bağ ve seramik üst kaplama malzemeleri kullanım koşulları altında TBC sisteminin ömrünü belirleyen ana unsurlardır. Bu çalışmada, NiCrAlY içerikli metalik bağ kaplama ve yitriya ile stabilize edilmiş zirkonya (YSZ) içeriğine sahip kaplamalar atmosferik plazma sprey (APS) kaplama yöntemi kullanılarak üretilmiştir. Üretilen TBC sistemi 1150 °C sıcaklık ve 5, 25 ve 50 saatlik zaman süreçlerinde izotermal oksidasyon testlerine maruz bırakılmıştır. Mikroyapısal değişimlerin belirlenebilmesi amacıyla yüksek sıcaklık fırın testleri öncesi ve sonrasında taramalı elektron mikroskopu (SEM) analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Metalik bağ ve seramik üst kaplama arayüzey yapısında oluşan oksit yapılarının karakteristik özellikleri yüksek sıcaklık sürecinde zamana bağlı değişimleri ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Oksidasyon sürecine bağlı olarak metalik bağ ve seramik üst kaplama arayüzeyinde ısıl olarak büyüyen oksit tabakası (TGO) yapısının oluşum gösterdiği ve artan oksidasyon sürecine bağlı olan bu tabakanın parabolik olarak büyüme gösterdiği görülmüştür. TGO tabakasının içeriğinin ve büyüme davranışının yüzeyden arayüzeye difüze olan oksijen dışında bağ kaplamada yer alan alaşım elementlerine bağlı değişim gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.