bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Cleaning Stages in Recovery of Copper and Cobalt from Tailings using Potassium Amylxanthate as Collector
Authors: Muanda Meschack Mukunga , Omalanga Pele Pascal Daniel , Mitonga Vanessa Mwambaie
Published: February 2021

Copper and cobalt demand is projected to be increased from here to 2050 and the challenge is to find treat economically minerals which contains those metals. Several tailings from oxide ores throughout the word contain good grades of copper and cobalt that should be recovered by froth flotation. This paper investigates the recovery of copper and cobalt through reprocessing of spiral classifier tailings by determination of specific reagents dosage. The flotation behaviours of malachite and heterogenite were studied through many roughing and cleaning flotation tests in order to recovery most of copper and cobalt. The effect of specific reagents was be varied and others parameters were kept constant. The highest recoveries of both copper and cobalt in rougher concentrate were respectively 82.51% and 72.51% with grades of 12.52% and 0.99% respectively. However, the cleaner concentrate was 24.54 Cu% and 1.38% Co with recoveries of 69.26 % and 40.7% respectively. It was concluded that the reprocessing of spiral classifier tailings through froth flotation is benefit because it recovers most of desired metal and reduces the risk of their presence on environment through.
Reducing Uncertainties in Hydrocarbon Volumetric Estimation: A Case Study of Fuba Field, Onshore Niger Delta
Authors: Fubara Franklin , Ajah Nnamdi J. , Igweajah Jude U. , Yinka Olayinka , Abdulsalam Abdulmaliq , Mogaba Paul
Published: February 2021

Reducing uncertainties to the barest minimum before reserve estimation aids in making a better decision regarding field development. This study analyses uncertainty in hydrocarbon reserve estimation in Fuba Field using both scenario-based deterministic and stochastic methods. Two hydrocarbon reservoirs (A and I) were selected and mapped. Depth structure maps revealed fault supported collapsed crestal closures for both reservoirs. Uncertainty analysis was conducted using low case (P90), base case (P50), and the high case (P50) reservoir properties. On average, porosity, NTG and Sw are 31%, 89%, 10%, and 24%, 84%, 23% for A and I reservoirs. Hydrocarbon volumes recorded for the high case, base case, and low case using a deterministic versus stochastic approach are 30.52 MMSTB, 12.46 MMSTB, 4.57 MMSTB, and 18.52 MMSTB, 13.59 MMSTB, and 9.40 MMSTB for reservoir A, 58.87 MMSTB, 10.94 MMSTB, 1.51 MMSTB, and 25.56 MMSTB, 14.59 MMSTB and 7.63 MMSTB for reservoir I. While the base case was similar for both methods (stochastic and deterministic), there is a huge difference in the low and high-case hydrocarbon volumes recorded in both methods. This change could be attributed to the reservoir bulk volume with (>85%) with little contribution from oil saturation and porosity. Cross plot analysis confirms that bulk volume is the main control of the estimated stock tank original oil in place (STOIIP). Hence, a slight alteration in bulk volume will significantly affect the estimated STOIIP. It is recommended that bulk volume be given most attention when conducting reservoir simulation as this will increase simulation time, reduce simulation cost, and provide more accurate simulation results.
Non-Combustion ⁴He Powered Propulsion
Authors: Bolivar Nelson Enrique , Vasilev Ivaylo T.
Published: February 2021

One of the biggest hurdles nowadays rocket propulsion is the large use of fuel. The amount of fuel and the burning efficiency defines how long the rocket engine can work which intimately limits the range and the load capacity of the rockets and spaceships. This according to the Newton third law is unavoidable - in order to move forward you need to leave something behind. There have been several attempts in the past to create an engine which doesn't use fuel in the common sense, like the M drive, but so far all of them were unsuccessful. In this article we attempt to explore a novel principle, a recycling cycle of fuel, by optimizing parametrically a system that uses ⁴He phase transition.
Women Empowerment through Agriculture in Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh
Authors: Ghosh Mithun Kumar , Hasan Shaikh Shamim , Fariha Rezuana , Bari Md. Obaidul , Parvin Mst. Arina
Published: February 2021

Women constitute almost half of the population of Bangladesh and are heavily involved in different agricultural activities though their contributions are neglected as mainstream labor force which hinders their expected development. Considering this fact, the present study was designed to determine the women empowerment through agriculture in Chapainawabganj, a northern district of the country. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect data through face to face interview from randomly selected sample size of 120 respondents from four selected village namely Babudying, Hossaindying, Ramjibonpur and Thakurjoubon in Chapainawabganj district. The main findings indicated that about 83.3% respondents were middle age and 60% of the respondents were illiterate with 56.7% belonged to small size family which consists of up to 4 members. Agriculture was the main occupation among the respondents. Most of the respondents were found without own land although they continue their livelihood mostly by crop production, livestock rearing, and day laboring. They take lease (23.3%) of cultivable land from others. The respondents had an average monthly family income of about 9351.38 BDT whereas 95% of the respondents were under medium income category. The respondents had no extension contact (0%), having high farming experience (50%) and no cosmopolitan behavior (0%). Most of the respondents (71.7%) were unable to make their own decision and 33.3% of the respondents had educational rights. The economic participation rate of the respondents was very high (100%), on the other hand they had no economic opportunities (0%). The attitude of the respondents towards women empowerment were mostly moderately favorable (70%). Most of the respondents of the study area were lied between low to medium empowerment (96.7%) with minimal high empowerment (3.30%). Study suggests that there is need a lot of work for women to improve their present condition. Government and Non-government organizations should take proper step to decrease gender discrimination as well as ensure women’s fundamental rights to make their life easy and make them more empowered.
Drying Effects on Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Properties of Ginger Powder Undergoing Different Drying Techniques
Authors: Sarkar A. , Rashid M. , Musarrat M. , Billah M.
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was focused on drying techniques including oven, mechanical, sun and shade drying on changes in phytochemicals and scavenging antioxidant capacity of ginger powder. The dry ginger had highest phenolics content (487.87±2.63 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (322.63±3.74 mg RE/g) on weight basis. The highest DPPH antioxidant scavenging capacity in (78.13±1.02%) and highest FRAP assay in (38.64±0.76 mmol Fe(II)/mg). Oven drying technique had a positive effect on retaining flavonoids content. Shade drying technique had a positive effect on retaining phenolics content, ascorbic acid and DPPH antioxidant scavenging activity assay. On the other hand, sun drying technique had a positive effect on retaining FRAP antioxidant assay. The changes in antioxidant scavenging activity due to the drying techniques were positively correlated with phytochemicals content.

Drying techniques caused a significant change in phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in dry ginger. However, it can be recommended that special technique should be taken for processing that phytochemicals and antioxidant scavenging capacity remain in processed ginger powder.
A Systematized Review of Nurses’ Perceptions of Medication Errors Contributing Factors in Developing Countries
Authors: Sahli Abaid Mutlaq H. Al , Osman Ahmed Mohammed Ibrahim , Alshammer Abdulrahman Ibrahim M. , Hakami Mohammed Nasser S. , Hazazi Ismail Ahmed , Alqasem Mr. Sami Dhayaa , ALthiyabi Fahad Sulaiman B. , Alharbi Fahad Nazal , Haloosh Turky Ali
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Nurses are a main factor in maintaining the safety of a patient. Nurses are the main component and are indeed at the front of dispensing medicines to patients; they also have a responsibility to maintain the patient’s safety.

Objective: This systematized review intends to review studies that assess and explore nurses’ attitudes and perceptions of medication errors in developing countries within the Middle East region, thereby contributing to knowledge regarding medication error risk.

Methodology: a database search has been conducted for studies related to the research question that has been formulated using PEO framework, the database includes: MEDLINE and CINAHL EBSCO and OVID, NICE, Science Direct and ERIC. The reference lists and bibliographies were also analyzed, all the studies founded during the search process were assessed according to predefine inclusion and exclusion criteria. 10 studies (6 quantitative studies, 3 qualitative and 1 which used mixed methods) were chosen and were included in this review.

Result: The studies assessed in this review were noted to have moderate to strong quality. The review found a range of factors that contribute to medication error, including both human and environmental factors. Among the contributing factors that most frequently mentioned inthis review were insufficient pharmacological knowledge, fatigue and overwork, communication breakdown, inadequate staff training, and high patient-to-nurse ratio.

Conclusion and Recommendation: It would behave Saudi Arabia and neighboring countries to invest attention in this topic. Particularly advised would be additional theoretically focused research to determine the causes of medication errors.
Natal Tooth in a 28 Weeks Premature Infant: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Javaregowda Parvathy Beena
Published: February 2021

The term natal tooth describes the tooth present at the time of birth. This is a rare case report of 31 weeks old premature infant with natal tooth. There is very little literature reporting about the natal or neonatal teeth in premature infants and its management.

Through this article we wish to bring awareness about the presence of natal tooth and its complications in premature infants and why it needs immediate attention and prompt treatment.
Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities in grape berry skin, seed and stems of six winegrape varieties grown in Turkey
Authors: Tahmaz Karaman Hande , Yüksel Küskü Damla , Söylemezoğlu Gökhan
Published: February 2021

In this study, seeds, skins and stems of the red wine grape varieties Boğazkere, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Nero d’Avola, Sangiovese and Syrah grown in Turkey were analysed for their phenolic compounds. The highest total phenolic compound and DPPH were found in the stem of Boğazkere respectively as 62550 mg GAE/kg dw and 614 µmol/g dw; the highest ABTS•+, (+)-catechin, (–)-epicatechin were detected in the seed of Nero d’Avola respectively as 617 µmol trolox/g dw, 8650 mg/kg and 1902 mg/kg dw; the highest total anthocyanin and rutin were measured in the skin of Boğazkere respectively as 143.52 mg/kg dw and 9692 mg/kg dw; the highest quercetin was found in the seed of Boğazkere as 49.21 mg/kg dw and the highest trans-resveratrol was measured in the stem of Syrah as 61.56 mg/kg dw.
Rola przedsiębiorstw w rozwoju lokalnym i regionalnym
Authors: Typa Magdalena
Published: February 2021

Opisywanie aspektów przestrzennych wzrostu gospodarczego wymaga znajomości zjawisk zachodzących w przestrzeni ekonomicznej, ich przebiegu, skutków i przyczyn. Celem artykułu jest zatem wyjaśnienie w świetle teorii rozwoju lokalnego, regionalnego, prawidłowości w zakresie przestrzennych aspektów wzrostu gospodarczego oraz określenie mechanizmów kształtujących ich powstanie i dyfuzję wzrostu gospodarczego wraz ze wskazaniem skutków z punktu widzenia zagospodarowania przestrzeni ekonomicznej. Jako metodę badawczą zastosowano studia literaturowe. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy ustalono, że warunkiem wykreowania wzrostu jest powstanie trwałych układów przestrzennych będących skutkiem działalności przedsiębiorstw. W krótkim terminie przedsiębiorstwa wywołują wzrost gospodarczy w wymiarze lokalnym, który w dłuższym okresie wskutek powiązań tworzonych z podmiotami w regionie prowadzi do rozwoju w skali regionalnej.
Podatkowe uwarunkowania przedsiębiorczości w teorii i praktyce gospodarczej
Authors: Pach Janina
Published: February 2021

Przedsiębiorczość jest ważną determinantą wzrostu i rozwoju gospodarczego każdego kraju. Jej główne definicje akcentują określone cechy w postępowaniu człowieka bądź system działań nakierowany na budowę czegoś nowego (np. firmy) czy wykorzystanie nowatorskiego pomysłu. Przedsiębiorczość określana jest mianem czwartego czynnika produkcji, obok ziemi, pracy i kapitału. Uwarunkowana jest rozwiązaniami ekonomicznymi, politycznymi oraz społecznymi, które mogą jej sprzyjać, jak również tworzyć bariery dla jej rozwoju. Szczególne znaczenie dla przedsiębiorczości ma system podatkowy kraju, obejmujący podatki, zasady ich funkcjonowania oraz aparat skarbowy. Podatki bowiem ze względu na swoją konstrukcję wielokierunkowo oddziałują na przedsiębiorczość, jej rodzaj, lokalizację czy dyfuzję. Jednakże wykorzystanie instrumentów podatkowych (spełniających kryteria pomocy publicznej) do wspierania przedsiębiorczości jest monitorowane i koordynowane zgodnie z przepisami traktatowymi. Celem artykułu jest próba weryfikacji hipotezy badawczej oraz odpowiedzi na następujące pytania badawcze: – Co to jest podatek i system podatkowy kraju? – Jaka jest treść ekonomiczna i społeczna podatków? – Jakie są kierunki oddziaływania podatków na szeroko rozumianą przedsiębiorczość? – Na czym polega optymalizacja podatkowa ? Odpowiedzi uzyskane na powyższe pytania badawcze pozwolą zdiagnozować znaczenie rozwiązań podatkowych w Polsce dla przedsiębiorczości oraz istniejących w tym zakresie barier i zagrożeń.
Monitorowanie jakości usług publicznych problemem administracji samorządowej na przykładzie Słupska
Authors: Szymańska Wioletta
Published: February 2021

Jakość usług publicznych świadczonych na rzecz społeczności lokalnych jest współcześnie wielkim wyzwaniem dla jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Mieszkańcy, organizacje społeczne, przedsiębiorcy dokonują oceny działalności władzy samorządowej na podstawie poziomu zaspokojenia potrzeb publicznych. Gwarancją podnoszenia jakości tych usług jest stałe ich monitorowanie. W Polsce podejmuje się próby testowania, a nawet wdrażania innowacyjnych narzędzi do tego celu. Przedmiotem opracowania jest krótka charakterystyka usług publicznych w świetle ewolucji teoretycznych modeli administracji publicznej, omówienie narzędzi mogących służyć monitorowaniu tych usług oraz analiza praktycznego podejścia do tego zagadnienia na przykładzie Słupska. Głównym celem jest wskazanie, na przykładzie Słupska, na jakim poziomie znajdują się samorządy w zakresie wdrażania nowoczesnych instrumentów zarządzania. Wnioskowanie oparte zostało na interpretacji literatury, dokumentów strategicznych, materiałów źródłowych oraz na badaniu społecznym w postaci swobodnego wywiadu z pracownikami samorządowymi. W opracowaniu wykazano, że Słupsk i inne miasta testują nowoczesne narzędzia monitoringu jakości usług. Pomimo tego analizowane miasto nie zdecydowało się na wdrożenie jednego z nich. W ramach doskonalenia jakości usług publicznych zrezygnowano nawet ze standaryzowanych norm ISO na rzecz wypracowania własnego indywidualnego systemu zarządzania jakością usług publicznych.
Non-metropolitan Industrial NUTS 3 Sub-regions in the European Union – Identification and Typology
Authors: Sołtys Jacek , Dorocki Sławomir
Published: February 2021

A common phenomenon of development is the big difference in its levels, especially between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. Non-metropolitan areas are also very different. In some of them, industry plays a big role. European Union’s NUTS 3 non-metropolitan low developed sub-regions, whose gross domestic product per capita in 2011 was below 75% of the EU average, were the subject of research. It is based on the data and Principal Component Analysis used for the typology of 319 sub-regions prepared in 2014. The purposes of the research presented were to identify industrial sub-regions among aforementioned sub-regions, to investigate their diversity and to recognize more detailed sub-regions with the most developed industry. There was also a methodological purpose: to verify a concept for taking into account the weight of principal component in grouping sub-regions into types. As many as 53 sub-regions, in which the rate of gross value added in industry (in %) is 3 times bigger than average in the whole set of the sub-regions examined (that is more than 35%) were defined as industrial. Typology for these sub-regions was made by the cluster analysis using hierarchical method and grouping sub-regions into four types. More detailed characteristics of some sub-regions is the last part of this work.
Zmiany kierunków użytkowania gruntów ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem terenów przemysłowych w wielkich miastach Polski i ich otoczeniu w latach 2005 i 2009–2014
Authors: Rudewicz Jacek
Published: February 2021

Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy szeroko dyskutowanej w kręgach naukowych i politycznych w Polsce problematyki suburbanizacji, zmian funkcji i struktury przestrzennej miast oraz otaczających ich obszarów zewnętrznych. Dyskusja i badania odnoszące się do tego zjawiska, obecne w wielu publikacjach, koncentrują się głównie na zagadnieniach społecznych, demograficznych i ekonomicznych. Poruszane jest w nich zagadnienie dynamiki zjawisk na styku miasta rdzeniowego i obszaru zewnętrznego. Sam obszar (strefa) zewnętrzny delimitowany bywa w różny sposób przez różne instytucje, brakuje konsensusu w tej sprawie. Nazywany jest obszarem funkcjonalnym, metropolitalnym, regionem miejskim, suburbiami czy bardziej tradycyjnie i całościowo – aglomeracją. Wśród wielu kwestii dotyczących relacji układu obszar centralny (core city) – obszar zewnętrzny szczególnie interesująco z punktu widzenia nauki przedstawia się proces deindustrializacji obszaru centralnego i rozwoju jego funkcji na obszarach otaczających. Głównym celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na poniższe pytania. Czy i w jakim zakresie w relacji miasto rdzeniowe – obszar zewnętrzny dochodzi do zmian w sposobie użytkowania gruntów? I w węższym ujęciu – czy potwierdzają się obserwacje dotyczące deindustrializacji miast rdzeniowych, zmian zajmowanych przestrzeni przemysłowych i przenoszenia funkcji gospodarczych na tereny podmiejskie i otaczające oraz powstawania nowych takich funkcji? W badaniach posłużono się danymi Głównego Urzędu Geodezji i Kartografii (GUGiK) z lat 2009–2014 w układzie powiatów ziemskich i grodzkich. Dane liczbowe dotyczyły powierzchni i sposobu użytkowania gruntów w danej jednostce administracyjnej według klasyfikacji urzędowej. Dodatkowo dla miast rdzeniowych pogłębiono analizę od 2005 roku (według dostępności danych). W celu uzupełnienia analizy i dopełnienia obrazu prezentowanych zjawisk wykorzystano dane o produktywności przemysłu w układzie powiatów. Obszar zewnętrzny miast delimitowano przez wybór powiatów w otoczeniu miast rdzeniowych – w nawiązaniu do stosowanych przez Eurostat regionów metropolitalnych oraz wyznaczonych w Koncepcji Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju (KPZK) miejskich obszarów funkcjonalnych.
Wpływ uwarunkowań międzynarodowych na rozwój przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych
Authors: Zioło Zbigniew
Published: February 2021

W pracy podjęto problematykę wpływu międzynarodowych uwarunkowań na funkcjonowanie przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych. Określono funkcje przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych w przestrzeni geograficznej (podstawowe, komplementarne, standardowe, regionalne, lokalne), przedstawiono główne uwarunkowania międzynarodowe i krajowe rozwoju firm (m.in. takie jak: rynki, światowa sytuacja gospodarcza i polityczna, struktura własności, polityka gospodarcza) oraz określono rodzaje powiązań przedsiębiorstwa z otoczeniem międzynarodowym (produktowe, surowcowe, kapitałowe, finansowe, technologiczne, informacyjne, pracy). Przedstawione rozważania potraktowano jako aktualne kierunki badań w dziedzinie geografii przemysłu.
Moving beyond Cronbach’s Alpha and Inter-Rater Reliability: A Primer on Generalizability Theory for Pharmacy Education
Authors: Peeters Michael
Published: February 2021

Background: When available, empirical evidence should help guide decision-making. Following each administration of a learning assessment, data becomes available for analysis. For learning assessments, Kane’s Framework for Validation can helpfully categorize evidence by inference (i.e., scoring, generalization, extrapolation, implications). Especially for test-scores used within a high-stakes setting, generalization evidence is critical. While reporting Cronbach’s alpha, inter-rater reliability, and other reliability coefficients for a single measurement error are somewhat common in pharmacy education, dealing with multiple concurrent sources of measurement error within complex learning assessments is not. Performance-based assessments (e.g., OSCEs) that use raters, are inherently complex learning assessments.
Primer: Generalizability Theory (G-Theory) can account for multiple sources of measurement error. G-Theory is a powerful tool that can provide a composite reliability (i.e., generalization evidence) for more complex learning assessments, including performance-based assessments. It can also help educators explore ways to make a learning assessment more rigorous if needed, as well as suggest ways to better allocate resources (e.g., staffing, space, fiscal). A brief review of G-Theory is discussed herein focused on pharmacy education.
Moving Forward: G-Theory has been common and useful in medical education, though has been used rarely in pharmacy education. Given the similarities in assessment methods among health-professions, G-Theory should prove helpful in pharmacy education as well. Within this Journal and accompanying this Idea Paper, there are multiple reports that demonstrate use of G-Theory in pharmacy education.
Validation Evidence from using Generalizability Theory in a Basic-Science Course
Authors: Peeters Michael , Cor M Kenneth , Boddu Sai , Nesamony Jerry
Published: February 2021

Description of the Problem: Reliability is critical validation evidence on which to base high-stakes decision-making. Many times, one exam in a didactic course may not be acceptably reliable on its own. But how much might multiple exams add when combined together?
The Innovation: To improve validation evidence towards high-stakes decision-making, Generalizability Theory (G-Theory) can combine reliabilities from multiple exams into one composite-reliability (G_String IV software). Further, G-Theory decision-studies can illustrate changes in course-grade reliability, depending on the number of exams and exam-items.
Critical Analysis: 101 first-year PharmD students took two midterm-exams and one final-exam in a pharmaceutics course. Individually, Exam1 had 50MCQ (KR-20=0.69), Exam2 had 43MCQ (KR-20=0.65), and Exam3 had 67MCQ (KR-20=0.67). After combining exam occasions using G-Theory, the composite-reliability was 0.71 for overall course-grades—better than any exam alone. Remarkably, increased numbers of exam occasions showed fewer items per exam were needed, and fewer items over all exams, to obtain an acceptable composite-reliability. Acceptable reliability could be achieved with different combinations of number of MCQs on each exam and number of exam occasions.
Implications: G-Theory provided reliability critical validation evidence towards high-stakes decision-making. Final course-grades appeared quite reliable after combining multiple course exams—though this reliability could and should be improved. Notably, more exam occasions allowed fewer items per exam and fewer items over all the exams. Thus, one added benefit of more exam occasions for educators is developing fewer items per exam and fewer items over all exams.
Detection of Pro-Inflammatory IL-8 and IL-12 in Iraqi Women Infected with Trichomoniasis
Authors: Ali Hayder Z.
Published: February 2021

Trichomonas vaginalis is a unicellular flagellated protozoan that resides in female and male genital tract and considered the most prevalent sexually transmitted infectious parasite. The infection rate is relatively equivalent between male and female but trichomoniasis is usually asymptomatic in men. Primary triggering of host inflammatory response to this parasite is not fully understood and most studies address the local reaction of the parasite in female genital tract. In this study, two pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-8 and IL-12, were investigated in the serum of infected women with Trichomonas vaginalis during acute and chronic stages of the disease. The results demonstrated that the level of IL-8 was significantly higher along the acute and chronic disease stages in female patients. However, the level of IL-12 was significantly increased in the acute group but exceptionally decreased in the chronic group of patients, in comparison with the control group. These results indicate that local infection of the vaginal Trichomoniasis may alter the levels of the studied inflammatory cytokines during infection.
Superconducting Properties of Bi2-xPb0.3WxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+ï¤ Compounds
Authors: Tuama Mohammed J. , Abbas Lamia K.
Published: February 2021

The conventional solid-state reaction method was utilized to prepare a series of superconducting samples of the nominal composition Bi2-xPb0.3WxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+d with 0â‰¤xâ‰¤0.5 of 50 nm particle size of tungsten sintered at 8500C for 140h in air . The influence of substitution with W NPs at bismuth (Bi) sites was characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dc electrical resistivity. Room temperature X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that there exists two phases, i.e. Bi-(2223) and Bi-(2212), in addition to the impurity phases of (SrCa) 2Cu2O3, Sr2Ca2Cu7OÎ´, Ca2PbO4, CaO, and WO. It was found that the crystallographic structure of all samples was orthorhombic. Lattice parameter values and the volume fraction of the (2223)-phase of the prepared samples were also calculated. The superconductivity transition temperature (Tc) for samples subjected to substitution with W NPs was found to be higher than that for the pure sample. The optimal value of W NPs content in (Bi, Pb)-2223 system was found to be at x=0.3.
Statistical Fluctuations of Energy Spectra in the Isobar A = 68 Nuclei
Authors: Hamoudi Adel. K. , Abd Alabas Hayder A.
Published: February 2021

Statistical fluctuations of nuclear energy spectra for the isobar A = 68 were examined by means of the random matrix theory together with the nuclear shell model. The isobar A = 68 nuclei are suggested to consist of an inert core of 56Ni with 12 nucleons in f5p-space (2p3/2, 1f5/2 and 2p1/2 orbitals). The nuclear excitation energies, required by this work, were obtained through performing f5p-shell model calculations using the isospin formalism f5pvh interaction with realistic single particle energies. All calculations of the present study were conducted using the OXBASH code. The calculated level densities were found to have a Gaussian shape. The distributions of level spacing P(s) and  statistic for the considered classes of states, obtained with full Hamiltonian of f5pvh (absence of the off-diagonal Hamiltonian) calculations, showed a chaotic (regular) behavior and coincided well with the distribution of Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (Poisson). Moreover, these distributions were independent of spin (J) and isospin (T)
Numerical Analysis of SnO2/Zn2SnO4/n-CdS/p-CdTe Solar Cell Using the SCAPS-1D Simulation Software
Authors: Rassol Raad A. , Hasan Rasha F. , Ahmed Sameer M.
Published: February 2021

This research includes the use of CdTe in the design of a solar cell. The SCAPS-1D computer program was used to simulate thin cell capacity of CdTe/CdS by numerical analysis with the addition of a buffer layer (Zn2SnO4) to enhance cell efficiency. The thickness of the window layer (n-CdS) was reduced to 25nm with the inclusion of an insulating layer of 50 nm thickness to prevent leakage towards the forward bias with respect to the lower charge carriers. As for the absorber layer thickness (p-CdTe), it varied between 0.5Âµm and 6Âµm. The preferable thickness in the absorbent layer was 1.5Âµm. Different operating temperatures (298K-388K) were used, while the highest conversion efficiency (Î·=18.43%) was obtained with the rest of the solar cell parameters (Voc=0.967 V,  Jsc= 26.66 mA/cm2, FF=71.40%).
Analysis of the Petroleum System of Dima Oil Field by Using PetroMoD 1D
Authors: Al-Tarim Haider A. F.
Published: February 2021

The study of petroleum systems by using the PetroMoD 1D software is one of the most prominent ways to reduce risks in the exploration of oil and gas by ensuring the existence of hydrocarbons before drilling.

     The petroleum system model was designed for Dima-1 well by inserting several parameters into the software, which included the stratigraphic succession of the formations penetrating the well, the depths of the upper parts of these formations, and the thickness of each formation. In addition, other related parameters were investigated, such as lithology, geological age, periods of sedimentation, periods of erosion or non-deposition, nature of units (source or reservoir rocks), total organic carbon (TOC), hydrogen index (HI) ratio of source rock units, temperature of both surface and formations as they are available, and well-bottom temperature.

     Through analyzing the models by the evaluation of the source rock units, the petrophysical properties of reservoir rock units, and thermal gradation with the depth during the geological time, it became possible to clarify the elements and processes of the petroleum system of the field of Dima. It could be stated that Nahr Umr, Zubair, and Sulaiy formations represent the petroleum system elements of Dima-1 well.
Some Results on mX-N-connected Space
Authors: Salih Ahmed A. , Ali Haider J.
Published: February 2021

In this essay, we utilize m - space to specify mX-N-connected, mX-N-hyper connected and mX-N-locally connected spaces and some functions by exploiting the intelligible mX-N-open set. Some instances and outcomes have been granted to boost our tasks.
Limnological Features of the Southern Part of Gharaf River and the Impacts of Floodplain Period on its Characteristics
Authors: Khalaf Zahraa N. , Nashaat Muhanned R. , AL-Sariy Jameel S.
Published: February 2021

The current study was conducted on the southern part of Gharaf  River in   order to define the physical-chemical properties and the impact of the Tigris Riverâ€™s floodplain water on its ecological characteristics during 2019. Four sites were selected along the southern part of the river. The findings showed a strong connection between the temperature of air and water at all sites. A value ranging from 4.85 - 84.65 NTU was reported for turbidity. The water was found to be oligohaline, low alkaline, and well ventilated due to high dissolved oxygen concentrations. Gharaf  River is considered to be of questionable clean water, according to the results of BOD5. The total alkalinity values were recorded to be in the range of 92-292.8 mg /L, which are higher than the acceptable limits of 20-200 mg /L CaCO3 for the Iraqi and international water standards. It was also found that Gharaf  River water was very hard, but still within the allowable natural water limits (200 mg /L Ca and 150 mg /L Mg). Concentrations of sulphate ranged 50-200 mg / L, while levels of bicarbonate ranged 140-230 mg /L. On the other hand, ranges of 3354-855 mg / L and 3-85 mg / L, respectively, were recorded for TDS and TSS. In addition, nitrates values were found to be in the range of 0.04-5.14 mg / L, being below the permissible limits for Iraqi water (15 mg / L). Other values observed for phosphates were 0.004-0.085 mg / L. Overall, the results demonstrated different effects on the properties of Gharaf  River water during and after the floodplain period.
Comunicación interactiva de las empresas chilenas en Facebook:
Authors: Zeler Ileana
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar como las empresas chilenas gestionan la comunicación interactiva con sus públicos en Facebook. A través de un estudio comparativo con las empresas latinoamericanas, se analizaron 29.000 posts de 135 perfiles de empresas. Las categorías seleccionadas son el enfoque de comunicación, recursos de información, nivel de interacción y tasa de interacción. Los resultados arrojan que la difusión de información es principalmente unidireccional y poco interactiva. El estudio pone en evidencia que las empresas de Chile y América Latina promueven la visibilidad en lugar de gestionar la comunicación interactiva en la red social.
NIOSH ve REBA yöntemleri kullanılarak ergonomik risk analizi vaka çalışması
Authors: AYDIN Serhat
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışmada perakende sektöründe et ve tavuk ürünleri satışı yapan bir firmada, çalışanların elle kaldırma işlemlerini gerçekleştirdiği sipariş hazırlama iş istasyonunda ve müşterilere hizmetin sunulduğu reyon iş istasyonundaki çalışma duruşları gözlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, çalışanların elle kaldırma işlemi için NIOSH kaldırma denklemi modeli, reyon kısmındaki çalışma duruşları için ise REBA yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Her iki iş istasyonunda yapılan analiz sonucunda, bu bölgelerdeki çalışmaların risk seviyelerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiş ve iyileştirmeye ihtiyaç olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Sipariş hazırlama alanında gerçekleştirilen analizde, kaldırmanın başladığı paletin yükseltilebilir bir transpalet ile değiştirilmesi gerektiği ancak bu işlemin tek başına yeterli olmayacağı, ayrıca taşınan kasaların ağırlıklarının 20 kg’dan 15 kg’a düşürülmesi gerektiği önerisi firmaya sunulmuştur. Reyon alanında gerçekleştirilen çalışma öncesinde REBA puanı ilk başta 9 olarak hesaplanmış, bu istasyonda gerçekleştirilen iyileştirmeler sonucunda ise REBA puanı 3’e düşürülmüştür. Nihai olarak çalışma ortamında kaldırma işlemi için işletmeye öneri getirilmiş, çalışma pozisyonu için ise çeşitli iyileştirmeler sağlanarak ergonomik riskler azaltılmıştır.
The role of ethnocultural factors in the development of medical tourism
Authors: Bakhtin Viktor Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2021

The subject of this research is the eth0culture of medical tourism. On December 17, 2020, during a large press conference, the Russian President Vladimir Putin emphasized the importance for the development of domestic tourism. There is much concern about the citizens’ health, which raises the question on the promotion of domestic and inbound medical tourism, which is many ways lags behind the outbound medical tourism. Attraction of foreign citizens to the healthcare centers in Russia is one of the priority tasks of the National Project “Healthcare”. In this regard, there are new approaches that are not yet implemented. It implies that medicine is a part of culture, thus cannot but be unaffected by traditions and national mentality. To a great extent, the development of positive attitudes towards medical treatment in Russia depends on ethnocultural adaptation of medical tourists. Moreover, there is a consistent group of patients oriented towards the services of ethnomedicine. There are virtually no research dedicated to ethnomedicine within the framework of sociological interest in Russian literature, which actualizes the projection of approaches presented in the foreign sources onto polyethnic diversity of Russia. The aforementioned arguments stress the need for scientific examination of the possibility of using ethnocultural factors in promotion of medical and healthcare tourism. In the categorical field of medical sciences it cannot be implemented due to the absence of the corresponding problematic and terminological apparatus. However, the sociology of culture allows studying the problem from medical, culturological, and ethnological perspective, since it possess the methodology of scientific synthesis of all listed areas of knowledge. The research of ethnocultural factors of medical domestic and inbound tourism, which suggests not only a geographical change, but a change of ethnic environment as well, defines the novelty of this work and actualizes the conclusions on the proposed measures with regards to utilization of ethnocultural component in this sphere.
The prevention of assault and torture in the system of domestic violence prevention in Russia: the review of regional tendencies of legal regulation
Authors: Matushkin Pavel Anatol'evich
Published: February 2021

The research object is social relations emerging in the process of the prevention of assault and torture as manifestations of donmestic violence. The research subject is the crime prevention legislation, administrative responsibility laws, federal and regional program-targeted documents regulating the sphere of domestic violence, and theoretical insights into this topic. The purpose of the research is to analyze regional tendencies of legal regulation of the prevention of assault and torture, as a part of the system of domestic violence prevention in Russia. To achieve this goal and research tasks, the author uses general scientific (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction) and specific research methods, with the formal-legal method as a basic one, which is connected with the analysis of legal regulations in their system unity. The scientific novelty of the research is proved by the fact that regional peculiarities of legal regulation of the prevention of assault and torture as a part of the system of domestic violence prevention haven’t been studied sufficiently enough. Assault and torture are the factors signalling about the aggravation of home conflicts and leading to the further escalation. In Russia, municipalities create  a system of measures which includes some or all of the following elements: 1) the formation of public awareness about the domestic violence problem; 2) information and methodology support for the activities of law-enforcement agencies and social services responsible for the prevention of domestic violence; 3) the provision of interaction between medical institutions and law-enforcement bodies and social services; 4) the introduction of punishment for home rowdyism and the provocation of home conflicts.   
The peculiarities of questioning of minors: problems and solutions
Authors: Dorosinskaia Anna , Bliznyuk Irina
Published: February 2021

The research subject is the questioning of juvenile participants of criminal proceedings; the research object is the peculiarities of this investigative procedure. The research is of a theoretical nature; the authors analyze and study the particular aspects of the questioning of minors. The research is based on the formal-legal, comparative-legal and the systems methods. The authors study in details such aspects of the issue as juvenile crime statistics for 2008 - 2020 and the factors promoting its growth. Special attention is given to the preparation for the questioning and the very procedure of questioning of a juvenile person. The article contains preliminary and final conclusions. The authors consider the participants to the procedure of questioning of minors whose presense at the procedure is required, and the temporal limits for such an interrogation established by law. The urgency of studying the specificity of the status of a children's counsel is determined by the need for its statutorization, and contains in itself the novelty of the research. The formalization of the modernization of the conditions of the questionning of minors, and the issues of acceptability of its repetitive conduction are of a practical importance for law-enforcement activities. For the purpose of a comparative analysis, the authors consider the procedural peculiarities of the questioning of minors contained in the criminal procedure laws of China and Japan. 
Relationship between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in the territory of the United States in the early XX century
Authors: Yuzlikeev Philip Viktorovich
Published: February 2021

Due to the fact that the tradition of close relation between the Orthodox Church and the state has formed since the time of the Byzantine Empire, the reflection of foreign policy ambitions of the Greek government on the foreign activity of the Patriarchate of Constantinople seems absolutely justifiable. In the early XX century, North America was a center of Greek migration, and simultaneously, the territory of proliferation of the authority of the Russian Orthodox Church; therefore, the United States spark particular interest in this case. The Patriarch of Constantinople attempted to dispute the jurisdictional affiliation of the United States by issuing the corresponding tomos. This article is dedicated to interaction between the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Russian Orthodox Church in the territory of the United States during the 1908 – 1924. The author explores the influence of Greece upon the relationship between the two Orthodox jurisdictions in North America. The activity of the Patriarchate of Constantinople in the United States is compared to political events of Greece. The history of Orthodoxy in the United States in the first quarter of the XX century is highly researched however, the actions of church organizations are not always viewed from the perspective of the foreign policy of the countries involved. The conclusion is made on the possible influence of the Greek governmental forces on the Patriarchate of Constantinople, which in turn, stepped into the jurisdictional conflict with the Russian Orthodox Church.
Professional activity of former members of the united opposition in the 1930s (on the example of biographies of the Bolsheviks who signed the “Declaration of 83”
Authors: Shabalin Vladislav Valer'evich
Published: February 2021

The object of this research is the collective fate of former members of the united opposition (Bolshevik-Leninist faction) in the 1930s. This topic is rarely covered by the researchers and remains poorly studied. The subject of this article is the peculiarities of professional career of the oppositionists reestablished in the ranks of the Communist Party. The group under review is the members of the All Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), who in May 1927 signed the “Declaration of 83”. Comparative analysis of the available biographical records on the signers of the “Declaration of 83” allow determining the spheres of professional activity of the former Bolshevik-Leninists. The author enlists the spheres of their activity, indicating the number of employed capitulated factionists therein, as well as positions held by them, enterprises and institutions they worked at during this period. The conducted research demonstrates that the highest concentration of capitulated oppositionists was in the industrial sector, while professional spheres, such as science, trade, etc., are noticeably behind. At the same time, former Bolshevik-Leninists often mastered new types of activities. Most of them were appointed as chief executives, which the author explains with shortage of personnel committed to the Communist ideas who possessed organizational experience. The novelty of this research consists in the statement that the returned to the All Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) supporters of Trotskyism and Zinovievism), despite their demotion, were actively engaged in Stalin's modernization. They were appointed with executive positions and included into the ruling elite (although holding a special “niche” therein).
Modern types of communication: peculiarities of the word-formation system of SMS language
Authors: Ovchinnikova Olga , Rezunova Maria
Published: February 2021

  It is hard to imagine interpersonal communication without cell phones: this method of communication not only simplifies the process of data transmission, but also significantly saves time, which is of prime important in the conditions of constant acceleration of the pace of life. This refers not only to oral form of communication using cell phones, but also high use of SMS – a short text messages with a standard of 160 characters or less. The scholars have different opinion on the SMS language: some believe that it negatively affects grammar and spelling of the national language, while others see it as a platform for language games and experiments, which originates new forms of interpersonal communication. Philologists note that examination of this layer of  lexicon allows to not only comprehensively assessment this phenomenon, but due to popularization of different chats and messengers and increasing role of Internet communication, make projections on the development of cyber language, which is an evolutionary continuation of the language of short text messages. This research examines the lexicon of French SMS communication from a formal perspective, clarifies the existing theoretical positions, and gives a detailed description to the mechanisms of formation of the vocabulary. The acquired results can become the foundation for further development of the question on the material of other languages. The presented pattern for describing the SMS language can be used as a basic algorithm for studying this linguistic phenomenon in other language communities , and allow carrying out a comparative analysis of SMS language in other countries.  
Implementation of the functionality of periphrasis in language and speech
Authors: Grekhneva Larisa Vsevolodovna
Published: February 2021

The subject of this research is the functionality of periphrastic expressions: an attempt is made to revise the existing functional typology of periphrasis and reflect the key language and speech functions therein. Periphrasis as a multifunctional linguistic means is widely used in the texts of different styles and genres; the author indicates its diverse functional aspects. Analysis of the literature on the topic demonstrated the ambiguity of description of both, the essential characteristics of periphrasis and its functional classification. In this regard, it is relevant to generalize and systematize the existing in science classifications, outlining the key functional aspects and their specific speech implementation. The main result of the conducted research consists in determination of the three primary functions of periphrasis – nominative, descriptive and expressive. Namely these functions are the basic, and reflect the key essential characteristics of periphrasis. Each function includes subfunctions, which are their incidental manifestations. The author reveals some functional aspects of periphrasis that are not autonomous, but derivatives from the selected basic functions. Thus, the euphemistic and synonymic functions are considered the derivatives from the nominative function of periphrasis; explanatory function – manifestation of the descriptive; evaluative, expressive, game, and manipulative functions are inseparable from the periphrastic expression.