bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weighted Decoding for the Competence Reliability Problem of ECOC Multiclass Classification
Authors: Lei Lei , Song Yafei
Published: October 2021

Error‐Correcting Output Codes has become a well‐known, established technique for multiclass classification due to its simplicity and efficiency. Each binary split contains different original classes. A noncompetent classifier emerges when it classifies an instance whose real class does not belong to the metasubclasses which is used to learn the classifier. How to reduce the error caused by the noncompetent classifiers under diversity big enough is urgent for ECOC classification. The weighted decoding strategy can be used to reduce the error caused by the noncompetence contradiction through relearning the weight coefficient matrix. To this end, a new weighted decoding strategy taking the classifier competence reliability into consideration is presented in this paper, which is suitable for any coding matrix. Support Vector Data Description is applied to compute the distance from an instance to the metasubclasses. The distance reflects the competence reliability and is fused as the weight in the base classifier combination. In so doing, the effect of the competent classifiers on classification is reinforced, while the bias induced by the noncompetent ones is decreased. Reflecting the competence reliability, the weights of classifiers for each instance change dynamically, which accords with the classification practice. The statistical simulations based on benchmark datasets indicate that our proposed algorithm outperforms other methods and provides new thought for solving the noncompetence problem.
Comparative Study on Diagnosis Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography after Treating Advanced Renal Cancer Patients with Yiqi Jiedu Decoction
Authors: Lan Yupeng , Gong Tengfen , Zhou Ruhai , Wu Meng , Liu Zhenzhen
Published: October 2021

Objective. To compare and analyze the diagnosis value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) after treating advanced renal cancer patients with Yiqi Jiedu decoction. Methods. The case data of 60 patients diagnosed with advanced renal cancer from January 2013 to January 2021 at the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University were retrospectively analyzed, 30 patients who accepted the conventional treatment were included in the control group, and the rest treated with Yiqi Jiedu decoction on the basis of conventional treatment were included in the study group. After treatment, patients in both groups received the CEUS and CECT examinations, the diagnosis efficacy of both examinations was evaluated with the ROC curve, and the overall survival (OS) of patients was analyzed. Results. No significant between-group differences in the general information were observed (

P
>
0.05

); the clinical remission rate and disease control rate were not significantly different between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

); the enhancement and attenuation, degree of enhancement, uniformity of enhancement, and pseudocapsule sign of the CEUS and CECT examinations were not remarkably different (

P
>
0.05

); according to the results of CEUS and CECT examinations, the maximum diameters of tumor after treatment were smaller in the study group than in the control group, but with no significant between-group difference (

P
>
0.05

); in addition, there were no obvious differences in determining the maximum diameter of tumor by CEUS and CECT (

P
>
0.05

), and the results of the maximum diameter of tumor determined by CEUS, CECT, and pathological specimen were not statistically different (

P
>
0.05

); as for the diagnosis efficacy, the result was CEUS + CECT > CEUS > CECT; and the OS of patients in the study group was longer than those in the control group. Conclusion. The patients treated with Yiqi Jiedu decoction obtain longer OS, and the application value of CEUS combined with CECT in the treatment effect and prognosis of patients with advanced renal cancer is higher.
Applications of Magnetohydrodynamic Couple Stress Fluid Flow between Two Parallel Plates with Three Different Kernels
Authors: Siddique Imran , Akgül Ali , Kahsay Hafte Amsalu , Tsegay Teklay Hailay , Wubneh Kahsay Godifey
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we investigate the implementations of newly introduced nonlocal differential operators as convolution of power law, exponential decay law, and the generalized Mittag-Leffler law with fractal derivative in fluid dynamics. The new operators are referred as fractal-fractional differential operators. The governing equations for the problem are constructed with the fractal-fractional differential operators. We present the stability analysis and the error analysis.
Effect of the Partial Substitution of Zn with Co, Ni, and Co‐Ni on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Long‐Period Stacking Ordered Dominant Mg‐Y‐Zn Alloys
Authors: Xue Heng , Lyu Jinbei , Wang Fengxue , Liao Hongxin , Kim Jonghyun , Pan Fusheng
Published: October 2021

The microstructures of Mg96Y2Zn2, Mg96Y2Zn1Co1, Mg96Y2Zn1Ni1, and Mg96Y2Zn1Co0.5Ni0.5 (at.%) alloys were investigated by XRD, SEM/EDS, and TEM. The α‐Mg matrix, the long‐period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase, and the bright compounds were observed in the as‐cast alloys. The ability of Co to form LPSO phase with Mg and Y is weaker than that of Zn, but it can produce some new intermetallic compounds. The effect of Ni on phase content of alloys was opposite to that of Co. After replacing partial Zn with Co and Ni, the increase in the LPSO phase is more obvious than that of Co or Ni alone to replace partial Zn. The ability to form LPSO phase with Mg and Y atoms in Mg‐Y‐TM alloys can be ranked as follows: Co‐Ni > Ni > Zn > Co. From the point‐of‐view of mechanical performance, the substitution of Co‐Ni for partial replacement of Zn exhibited the best yield strength; the tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, compressive yield stress, and ultimate compressive stress of which were 345 MPa, 453 MPa, 335 MPa, and 470 MPa, respectively. However, the ductility did not improve significantly.
The genus Catapiestus Perty, 1831 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Cnodalonini) from Arunachal Pradesh with one new record to India
Authors: V.D. Hegde  , Sarita Yadav
Published: October 2021

Three species of the genus Catapiestus Perty, 1831 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Cnodalonini), namely Catapiestus subrufescens Pic, 1911, Catapiestus piceiventris Fairmaire, 1893, and Catapiestus rugipennis Chûjô, 1984 have been reported from Arunachal Pradesh, India. These are new records to Arunachal Pradesh state and the species Catapiestus rugipennis is an addition to the Fauna of India. The number of species of Catapiestus from Arunachal Pradesh is now raised to four.
Field identification characters to diagnose Microhyla mukhlesuri from closely related M. mymensinghensis (Amphibia: Microhylidae) and range extension of M. mukhlesuri up to West Bengal State, India
Authors: Suman Pratihar  , Deuti Kaushik
Published: October 2021

Microhyla mymensinghensis and Microhyla mukhlesuri were recorded from West Bengal, also analyzed 12 characters to separate the species. We also hereby first time confirm the presence of Microhyla mukhlesuri from the main land in India
New record of Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay, 1839 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Jharkhand, India and biogeographical implications of the co-occurrence of its ant model Tetraponera rufonigra Jerdon, 1851
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Sharma Mirtunjay , Sharma Ajay Kumar
Published: October 2021

We report the occurrence of the ant-mimicking jumping spider Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay, 1839 for the first time from Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand, India. Digital illustrations and descriptions of the spider, the female’s exuviae, and video records of a live male are also presented. The distribution pattern of M. melanocephala has not been studied in detail across India whereas its ant model, Tetraponera rufonigra Jerdon, 1851 is known to have a wide distribution. Co-occurrence of the mimic and the model implies a wider range of biogeographical distribution of these species in India.
From Counting to Retrieving: Neural Networks Underlying Alphabet Arithmetic Learning
Authors: Fias Wim , Sahan Muhammet Ikbal , Ansari Daniel , Lyons Ian M.
Published: October 2021

This fMRI study aimed at unraveling the neural basis of learning alphabet arithmetic facts, as a proxy of the transition from slow and effortful procedural counting-based processing to fast and effortless processing as it occurs in learning addition arithmetic facts. Neural changes were tracked while participants solved alphabet arithmetic problems in a verification task (e.g., F + 4 = J). Problems were repeated across four learning blocks. Two neural networks with opposed learning-related changes were identified. Activity in a network consisting of basal ganglia and parieto-frontal areas decreased with learning, which is in line with a reduction of the involvement of procedure-based processing. Conversely, activity in a network involving the left angular gyrus and, to a lesser extent, the hippocampus gradually increases with learning, evidencing the gradual involvement of retrieval-based processing. Connectivity analyses gave insight in the functional relationship between the two networks. Despite the opposing learning-related trajectories, it was found that both networks become more integrated. Taking alphabet arithmetic as a proxy for learning arithmetic, the present results have implications for current theories of learning arithmetic facts and can give direction to future developments.
Antennas Up! Laura Nader’s Undergraduate Lecture Courses as Public Anthropology
Authors: Harms Erik
Published: October 2021

While teaching lecture courses at the University of California, Berkeley, Laura Nader taught generations of students to raise their anthropological antennae. This article uses an autoethnographic approach to describe the author’s exposure to anthropology at Berkeley in the nineteen-nineties, gesturing towards the way undergraduate lecture courses play an important but largely underrecognized role in fostering public anthropology. Nader’s lecture courses were particularly effective at this because their focus on pushing students to question dogma and analyze controlling processes offered students a sense of how anthropology could foster critical public discourse. Nader stressed the importance of asking good questions designed to challenge assumptions, finding the right methods to answer those questions, and paying attention to pathways of power. While always questioning received wisdom, ideological assumptions, and Western categories of knowledge, Nader continued to stress the importance of developing straightforward, highly-accessible concepts that captured the attention of students—like Harmony Ideology, trustanoia, controlling processes, and the vertical slice.
Creation of a Novel Preoperative Imaging Review Acronym to Aid in Revision Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Karadaghy Omar A. , Peterson Andrew M. , Fox Meha , White Jacob , Bhalla Vidur , Beahm David , Villwock Jennifer , Chiu Alexander G.
Published: October 2021

Objectives

(1) Identify anatomic contributions to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) necessitating revision endoscopic sinus surgery (RESS). (2) Create a clinical acronym to guide imaging review prior to RESS that addresses pertinent sites of disease and potential sites of surgical morbidity.

Data Sources

Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Medline via Embase.com, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar.

Review Methods

Systematic search was performed using a combination of standardized terms and keywords. Studies were included if they investigated anatomic contributions to persistent CRS requiring RESS or the relationship between anatomic landmarks and surgical morbidity. Identified studies were screened by title/abstract, followed by full‐text review. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were strictly followed.

Results

In total, 599 articles met screening criteria, 89 were eligible for full‐text review, and 27 studies were included in the final review. The identified anatomic sites of interests are broad; the most frequently cited anatomic region was retained anterior ethmoid cells (22/27 studies), followed by posterior ethmoid cells (14/27 studies). Using the consolidated information, a clinical acronym, REVISIONS, was created: Residual uncinate, Ethmoid cells (agger, Haller, supraorbital), Vessels (anterior and posterior ethmoid), Infundibulum, Septal deviation, I (eye) compartment, Onodi cell, Natural os, and Skull base slope and integrity.

Conclusions

The REVISIONS acronym was developed as a tool to distill the unique anatomic contributions of primary endoscopic sinus surgery failure into a format that can be easily incorporated in preoperative radiologic review and surgical planning to optimize outcomes and minimize complications.
Correction to: Microbiome recovery in adult females with uncomplicated urinary tract infections in a randomised phase 2A trial of the novel antibiotic gepotidacin (GSK2140944)
Authors: Nuzzo Andrea , Van Horn Stephanie , Traini Christopher , Perry Caroline R. , Dumont Etienne F. , Scangarella-Oman Nicole E. , Gardiner David F. , Brown James R.
Published: October 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Letter to the editor regarding the article “The global distribution of acute unintentional pesticide poisoning: estimations based on a systematic review”
Authors: Dunn S. Eliza , Reed Jennifer E. , Neumann Christoph
Published: October 2021

We read with interest the article entitled “The global distribution of acute unintentional pesticide poisoning: estimations based on a systematic review”. We wholeheartedly agree that it is important to evaluate the extent of this issue. We would like to understand the numbers provided in this article, which appear to overestimate the global burden of pesticide poisonings. We also feel that addressing the benefits of these chemistries is important for a complete evaluation.
Inequality in dental care expenditure in Iranian households: analysis of income quintiles and educational levels
Authors: Najafi Elahe , Amini-Rarani Mostafa , Moeeni Maryam
Published: October 2021

Background

Oral health is a major public health issue which affects the human life. Access to dental care is one of the important factors in maintaining oral health. This study was aimed to investigate inequality in dental care expenditure in Iranian households.

Methods

The present study is a secondary analysis of a national cross-sectional survey. The data collected from the Households Income and Expenditure Survey in 2016 and 2017. The final sample consisted of 54,354 households living in rural and urban regions of all the provinces. Inequalities in household’s dental care expenditure per capita in respect to income quintiles and educational level were measured based on the Gini coefficient and concentration index.

Results

The results showed that about 8% of households had paid for dental care during the month before sampling. The Gini coefficient value was estimated to be 0.97 and 0.96 for dental care expenditure per capita respectively in absolute and relative measure. It indicated a significant inequality in the dental expenditure among the sample households. The values of concentration index were positive and significant for all dental care subcategories in respect to the provincial and national income quintiles as well as the educational level of the head of the household.

Conclusions

Income and educational inequality in the both absolute and relative dental services expenditure of the Iranian households were in favor of higher income groups as well as higher educational level of household heads. Income inequality was higher in total dental care expenditure per capita and all its subcategories than the educational inequalities of dental expenditure. In order to reduce these inequalities, the policymakers need to pay special attention to low-income households, particularly those with low-educated heads.
Anti-tumor effects of rivoceranib against canine melanoma and mammary gland tumour in vitro and in vivo mouse xenograft models
Authors: Li Qiang , Kim You-Seok , An Ju-Hyun , Kwon Jin-Ah , Han Sang-Hyun , Song Woo-Jin , Youn Hwa-Young
Published: October 2021

Background

Rivoceranib, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor, exhibits anti-tumour effects by selectively blocking vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) in cancer cells. Recently, the therapeutic effects of rivoceranib on solid tumours have been elucidated in human patients. However, the anti-tumour effects of rivoceranib against canine cancer remain unclear. Here, we investigated the anti-tumour effects of rivoceranib using in vitro and in vivo mouse xenograft models.

Methods

We performed cell proliferation, cell cycle, and migration assays to determine the effects of rivoceranib on canine solid tumour cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, apoptosis and angiogenesis in tumour tissues were examined using a TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry methods with an anti-cluster of differentiation-31 antibody, respectively. Additionally, the expression levels of cyclin-D1 and VEGFR2 activity were determined using western blot analysis.

Results

Rivoceranib treatment showed anti-proliferative effects and mediated cell cycle arrest in the canine melanoma cell line (LMeC) and the mammary gland tumour (MGT) cell line (CHMp). In animal experiments, rivoceranib decreased the average volume of LMeC cells compared to that following control treatment, and similar results were observed in CHMp cells. Histologically, rivoceranib induced apoptosis and exerted an anti-angiogenic effect in tumour tissues. It also downregulated the expression of cyclin-D1 and inhibited VEGFR2 activity.

Conclusion

Our results show that rivoceranib inhibits proliferation and migration of tumour cells. These findings support the potential application of rivoceranib as a novel chemotherapeutic strategy for canine melanoma and MGTs.
Acute HIV infection syndrome mimicking COVID-19 vaccination side effects: a case report
Authors: Triebelhorn Julian , Haschka Stefanie , Hesse Felix , Erber Johanna , Weidlich Simon , Lee Marcel , Hoffmann Dieter , Eberle Josef , Spinner Christoph D.
Published: October 2021

Background

Symptoms of primary HIV infection, including fever, rash, and headache, are nonspecific and are often described as flu-like. COVID-19 vaccination side effects, such as fever, which occur in up to 10% of people following COVID-19 vaccination, can make the diagnosis of acute HIV infection even more challenging.

Case presentation

A 26-year-old man presented with fever and headache following COVID-19 vaccination. The symptoms were initially thought to be vaccine side effects. A diagnostic workup was conducted due to persisting fever and headache > 72 h following vaccination, and he was diagnosed with Fiebig stage II acute HIV infection, 3 weeks after having unprotected anal intercourse with another man.

Conclusion

Thorough anamnesis is key to estimating the individual risk of primary HIV infection, in patients presenting with flu-like symptoms. Early diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral therapy is associated with better prognosis and limits transmission of the disease.
The optimal duration of anti-tuberculous therapy before pericardiectomy in constrictive tuberculous pericarditis
Authors: Fang Likui , Yu Guocan , Ye Bo , Zhong Fangming , Chen Gang
Published: October 2021

Background

It is unclear about the duration of anti-tuberculous therapy before pericardiectomy (DATT) in the patients with constrictive tuberculous pericarditis. This study aims to explore the optimal DATT and its impact on surgical outcomes in these patients.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 93 patients with constrictive tuberculous pericarditis undergoing pericardiectomy and divided them into two groups according to the optimal cutoff value of DATT which was determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Youden Index. Postoperative and survival outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results

The optimal cutoff value of DATT was 1.05 (months). The enrolled patients were divided into the DATT ≤ 1.05 group and the DATT > 1.05 group, with 24 (25.8%) and 69 (74.2%) cases, respectively. Comparing with the DATT ≤ 1.05 group, the DATT > 1.05 group had shorter postoperative ICU stay (P = 0.023), duration of chest drainage (P = 0.002), postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.001) and lower incidence of postoperative complications (P < 0.001). There were no statistical differences between the two groups in recurrence and survival outcomes.

Conclusions

It would be of potential benefit to enhance recovery after pericardiectomy if DATT lasted for at least 1 month in the patients with constrictive tuberculous pericarditis.
Hyers–Ulam stability of non-autonomous and nonsingular delay difference equations
Authors: Rahmat Gul , Ullah Atta , Rahman Aziz Ur , Sarwar Muhammad , Abdeljawad Thabet , Mukheimer Aiman
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we study the uniqueness and existence of the solution of a non-autonomous and nonsingular delay difference equation using the well-known principle of contraction from fixed point theory. Furthermore, we study the Hyers–Ulam stability of the given system on a bounded discrete interval and then on an unbounded interval. An example is also given at the end to illustrate the theoretical work.
An air-locking port and high-flow nasal cannula in non-intubated uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery for pneumothorax with pulmonary dysfunction: a case report
Authors: Yamagishi Hiroya , Wakatsuki Yusuke , Tada Toshihiko , Matsukura Tadashi
Published: October 2021

Background

Non-intubated video-assisted thoracic surgery is a therapeutic option for intractable secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in patients who are poor candidates for surgery with endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia. However, intraoperative respiratory management in this surgery is often challenging because of hypoxia caused by surgical pneumothorax.

Case presentation

A 75-year-old man with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who had been on home oxygen therapy underwent non-intubated uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery for intractable spontaneous pneumothorax. During the operation, oxygen was administered using a high-flow nasal cannula at a high flow rate. An air-locking port for single-incision surgery was used to minimize the inflow of air into the pleural cavity. The intrapleural air was continuously suctioned through the chest tube. The air-leak point was easily identified and closed using ligation. Oxygenation was satisfactory throughout the operation.

Conclusions

Non-intubated uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax with an air-locking port, continuous pleural suction, and high-flow nasal cannula may achieve satisfactory intraoperative oxygenation in patients with respiratory dysfunction. The intrapleural space can be feasible for surgical manipulation without surgical pneumothorax in non-intubated video-assisted thoracic surgery even when supplied with oxygen at a high flow rate using a high-flow nasal cannula.
Factors predicting relapse and treatment discontinuation with paliperidone 3-monthly long-acting injection: A 2-year naturalistic follow-up study
Authors: Clark Ivana , Wallman Phoebe , Cornelius Victoria , Taylor David
Published: October 2021

Background

Paliperidone 3-monthly (PP3M) long-acting injection has proven efficacy and effectiveness in schizophrenia. Little is known of its effectiveness in other diagnoses.

Methods

All patients starting PP3M were followed up for 2 years. Main outcome measures were relapse and discontinuation from PP3M.Post hocwe examined outcomes in those switched back to one monthly paliperidone (PP1M) long-acting injection.

Results

Overall, 186 patients were followed-up. At the 2-year end point, 110 patients (59%) were still receiving PP3M, and 129 (70%) were receiving some form of paliperidone long-acting injection. Discontinuation from paliperidone long-acting injections (PPLAIs) was more likely with a nonschizophrenia diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] for continuation 0.429 [95% confidence intervals (CI) – 0.21, 0.87p = 0.018)), and prior clozapine use [in PP3M patients; HR for discontinuation 1.87 [95% CI – 1.05, 3.30p = 0.032]). Relapse occurred in 20 (11%) of those receiving PP3M. Relapse on PP3M and PPLAIs was more likely in nonschizophrenia diagnosis (HR 0.17 for remaining relapse-free [95% CI – 0.06, 0.50;p = 0.001]; HR 0.21 [95% CI – 0.08, 0.58p = 0.002], respectively), polypharmacy in PP3M patients (HR for relapse 7.91 [95% CI – 3.73, 22.9;p < 0.001]) and PPLAI patients (HR for relapse 6.45 [95% CI – 2.49, 16.5;p < 0.001]), and prior clozapine use in PP3M patients (HR for relapse 6.11 [95% CI – 1.82, 20.5;p = 0.003]) and PPLAI patients (HR for relapse 4.52 (95% CI – 1.51, 13.5;p = 0.007).

Conclusions

Outcomes with PP3M are excellent in practice, even when used outside its formal license. PP3M was relatively more effective in those with an F20 schizophrenia diagnosis and in those never before considered for or prescribed clozapine.
Computational singular perturbation method for the non-standard FitzHugh-Nagumo system
Authors: Liu Yaru , Liu Shenquan , Kurths Jürgen
Published: October 2021

An effective computational singular perturbation (CSP) method for solving the non-standard FitzHugh-Nagumo system is constructed and evaluated by detailed algebra factorization. Furthermore, our studies illustrate a geometric CSP framework with the layer and reduced problems for the non-standard FitzHugh-Nagumo system. Finally, the first two CSP manifolds and two CSP fast fibers are also presented for the FitzHugh-Nagumo system by one-step and two-step CSP updates in this context. The CSP method can further describe Fenichel manifolds and facilitate a better understanding of the dynamic properties of complex neuron models or circuit neural models.
DGS Loaded Broadband Circular Patch Antenna for Satellite Communications
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Andhra Pradesh, India, Rao Nelapati Ananda , Tallapragada V. V. Satyanarayana , Reddy D. Venkat , Prasad K. L. Narasihimha
Published: October 2021

Broadband slotted circular patch antenna with Defective Ground Structure intended for Ku band satellite communications is presented in this communication. The proposed antenna has a fundamental circular radiating element in which a square ring slot is etched along with a circular slot inside it. The ground is etched with a rhombus ring slot at the center and square slots in the corners. The defective ground provides multiple frequencies of operation and the slots in the radiating element act as filters combining the multiple frequencies of operation into broadband. The antenna is fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a volume of 40mm×48mm×1.59mm and a dielectric constant of 4.4. The antenna has been excited using a stripline feed of 50Ω impedance. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 1.87GHz ranging from 13.61GHz to 15.48GHz with gain and directivity of 2.2dB and 6.09dB at 13.84GHz, 2.8dB and 5.47dB at 14.48GHz, respectively. The simulated and measured antenna results are in good agreement, showing that the proposed techniques enhance the antenna bandwidth.
О ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ НАУЧНОЙ СТУДЕНЧЕСКОЙ РАБОТЫ
Authors: Melnikova Tomara V. , Preobrazhenskiy Andrey P. , Choporova Ekaterina I.
Published: October 2021

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в условиях современных образовательных систем теме студенческой научной работы. Целью исследования является повышение эффективности студенческой научной работы в высшем учебном заведении, которая характеризуется определенной спецификой, связанной с ее интеграцией в учебный процесс.

Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют системные методы: моделирования, оптимизации, информационных технологий. На их базе есть возможности для построения модели, позволяющей формировать научные компетенции современных специалистов. Отдельным образом рассмотрена информационная составляющая – возможности использования в научной работе системы интернет вещей.

Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что авторы выделяют базовые виды научной деятельности. После этого рассматривается возможность их группирования, что ведет к механизму редукции. Показана оптимизационная модель, позволяющая определять лидирующие виды научной деятельности студентов. Объясняется механизм редукции.

Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в образовательных системах высших учебных заведений при рассмотрении возможностей повышения эффективности студенческой научной работы в рамках заданного ресурсного обеспечения.
Dynamic Processes in Professional and Business Etiquette
Authors: Ksenzenko O. , Robustova V.
Published: October 2021

The research focuses on the study of the dynamics of etiquette norms in the innovative communicative space. The paper considers the factors which may condition changes in etiquette norms and stimulate formation of new norms and rules. The contribution explains the importance of taking into account theoretical foundations of etiquette studies while considering innovative norms, and lays special emphasis on comparison of traditional and innovative norms. The article reveals the role of socio-cultural context in the process of implementation of etiquette norms, and outlines the factors which determine the variability of their functioning. The study highlights specific features of innovative etiquette norms: the focus of attention is on etiquette norms regulating behaviour in the online communicative environment – with special reference to business interaction, in particular, business interaction in the format of zoom conferences. The paper suggests classification of innovation norms, outlines etiquette gaps and ways of their elimination. The publication also explains the importance of practical valiability of the study, and accounts for the need in optimization of business etiquette training – with special reference to up-to-date conditions of professional interaction.
Przywilej Kazimierza Jagiellończyka dla Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego z 1447 roku. Kształtowanie się treści na tle tekstologii aktu
Authors: Bierastavy Hlieb
Published: October 2021

Celem artykułu jest ustalenie możliwych źródeł, z których korzystali twórcy tekstu przywileju Kazimierza Jagiellończyka dla Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego z 1447 r., a także inspiracji pojedynczych jego części – artykułów, klauzul. Badanie problemu możliwe jest m.in. dzięki metodzie tekstologicznej, której jednym z zadań jest zestawienie badanego aktu z innymi tego typu tekstami. Wykorzystując tę metodę do analiz, możemy ustalić zarówno bezpośrednie zapożyczenia poszczególnych fragmentów w przywileju, jak i wskazać na wzorowanie się na formularzu innych aktów.
Kontakty handlowe Gdańska i Wilna w świetle piętnastowiecznej księgi kupieckiej
Authors: Orłowska Anna Paulina
Published: October 2021

W artykule przybliżającym wstępnie zagadnienie kontaktów wilnian i gdańszczan przedstawiono aktywność handlową kupców wileńskich w Gdańsku w latach 1426–1451, ich sieci powiązań, możliwości uzyskania kredytu w mieście nad Motławą, główny model wymiany handlowej, stopień monetyzacji i możliwości finansowe w świetle rejestru handlowego kupca gdańskiego Johana Pyrego.
Castrum doloris Augusta II Mocnego w Wilnie i jego zachowane fragmenty
Authors: Jamski Piotr
Published: October 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest rzeźbiarskim reliktom dekoracji okazjonalnej wykonanej w 1733 r. z okazji obchodów śmierci Augusta II Mocnego w katedrze wileńskiej, a następnie funkcjonującym do dziś jako wyposażenie kaplicy św. Kazimierza.
Fractures of the penis
Authors: Bachoo Samsara , Batura Deepak
Published: October 2021

A penile fracture is a traumatic rupture of the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa in an erect penis, usually as a result of blunt trauma during sexual activity. The aetiology varies with geographical region, with the USA and Europe having a higher incidence of sexual trauma and the Middle East having a higher rate of self-manipulation. Diagnosis is usually clinical, but numerous imaging modalities have been used to confirm the fracture site and to help plan appropriate surgical management. Clinical examination will find a detumescent penis with a diffuse penile swelling and ecchymosis: the classic eggplant sign. The penis will often deviate away from the side of the injury. A history of the patient's inability to pass urine after the injury or of blood at the urethral meatus suggests an associated urethral injury. Immediate surgical management is the mainstay of treatment, with many surgeons favouring a degloving approach. Penile fractures also carry a risk of urethral tears and urethral repair may be necessary. This article describes the aetiology, presentation and management of penile fractures to enable identification and treatment in daily clinical practice.
Challenges and opportunities in academic neurosurgery
Authors: Burger R , Bolton WS , Mathew RK
Published: October 2021

Clinical academia aims to bridge the gap between clinicians and scientists, by combining academic activity with clinical practice. The term ‘clinical academics’ generally refers to clinicians who have protected time within their job plans for undertaking academic activities. Engagement with academic activity by trainees is not only essential to fulfil necessary curriculum competencies, but also allows them to explore areas of interest outside of clinical practice and develop advanced academic skills. This article provides an overview of different routes into academic neurosurgery, and discusses the advantages and difficulties in pursuing this career path. It also covers the differences between postgraduate research degrees and explores the different job plan models available at consultant level. Academic neurosurgery is a rewarding career and opportunities should be made available to those who wish to explore it further. Developing academic careers may have a positive impact on wider workforce planning strategies and improve the delivery of high-quality evidence-based neurosurgical care.
Recommendations for the optimal use of mesalazine in the management of patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis
Authors: Akbar Ayesha , Arnott Ian , Kennedy Nicholas A , Nolan Jonathan , Peake Simon , Whiteoak Simon R , Probert Chris , Fraser Aileen , Cheshire Alex , Lewis Allyson , Sugrue Kathleen , Laird Susan , Scott Glyn
Published: October 2021

The 2021 National report from IBD UK included responses from over 10 000 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, over 70% of whom reported having at least one flare in the last 12 months. As the first-line treatment for patients with mild and moderate ulcerative colitis, the action and delivery mechanisms of mesalazine are crucial for successful management of the disease. The choice of the most appropriate formulation of mesalazine and securing patient concordance and adherence to treatment remains a challenge for healthcare professionals. This article details the outcome of a roundtable discussion involving a group of gastroenterology consultants and specialist nurses which considered the importance of ensuring that patients have individualised mesalazine therapy before escalation to other treatments and gives recommendations for the management of patients with mild or moderate ulcerative colitis.
Subjektive und objektive Daten in der Sprachwandelforschung.
Authors: Spiekermann Helmut H.
Published: October 2021

Language change is generally regarded as change of linguistic items or of the language system. In this sense it might be described and explained by the observation of varying use and evaluation of language. Developments concerning the conditions of use and the characteristics of evaluation are rarely regarded as cases of language change itself. Recently, however, there seems to be a shift towards a wider understanding of language change, distinguishing change of structure, use and evaluation. This shift is accompanied by the distinction of subjective and objective language data. Studies that combine objective and subjective data enable a comprehensive view of the characteristics and causes of language change.
The present paper uses data from speakers of two different age groups from the Grafschaft Bentheim district on the German-Dutch border to illustrate the mutual dependency of structural and evaluative language change. The investigation will be carried out in an apparent-time-analysis based on a translation tasks (as a type of objective data) and semantic differentials (subjective data). Although the attested differences between the age groups turned out to be comparatively small, there are correlations between the results regarding subjective and objective data to be stated.
Digital in-service relative time delay estimation for SDM self-homodyne coherent systems
Authors: Li Weihao , Zhang Mingming , Chen Yizhao , Zhao Can , Huo Liang , Tong Tianhao , Du Haoze , Tang Ming
Published: October 2021

For space division multiplexing self-homodyne coherent systems, we propose a novel digital in-service relative time delay (RTD) estimation method without any additional optoelectronic device. Taking advantage of the frequency-domain periodicity of the colored frequency modulation noise, we manage to find the peak with location reflecting the RTD in its autocorrelation function (ACF). The peak to average ratio is further enhanced by leveraging a low-pass differential finite impulse response filter for robust identification. By simulations, the method is validated to be feasible for various linewidths, formats (16QAM, 32QAM and 64QAM), and links up to 80 km. Particularly, it is proved to be inherently compatible with large-linewidth low-cost lasers for the 10-km link. Also, for a low-complexity implementation, we discuss the way to reduce the number of points used to calculate the ACF while maintaining the same dynamic range. Furthermore, we demonstrate a 50-GBaud 16-QAM experiment to investigate its performances. With received optical power varying from -11 dBm to -17 dBm, 216 points are sufficient to provide an estimation accuracy of standard deviation (STD) less than 0.089 ns for the RTD range of [2.6, 491.0 ns]. The STD can be lowered to 0.036 ns by adopting 218 points. Especially, at -11-dBm ROP, the highest performance has been achieved with an accuracy smaller than the symbol period (0.018-ns STD) and a RTD range of [1.5, 491.0 ns].
Evidence from simulation studies for selective constraints on the codon usage of the Angiosperm psbA gene
Authors: Kalkus Antonina , Barrett Joy , Ashok Theyjasvi , Morton Brian R.
Published: October 2021

The codon usage of the Angiosperm psbA gene is atypical for flowering plant chloroplast genes but similar to the codon usage observed in highly expressed plastid genes from some other Plantae, particularly Chlorobionta, lineages. The pattern of codon bias in these genes is suggestive of selection for a set of translationally optimal codons but the degree of bias towards these optimal codons is much weaker in the flowering plant psbA gene than in high expression plastid genes from lineages such as certain green algal groups. Two scenarios have been proposed to explain these observations. One is that the flowering plant psbA gene is currently under weak selective constraints for translation efficiency, the other is that there are no current selective constraints and we are observing the remnants of an ancestral codon adaptation that is decaying under mutational pressure. We test these two models using simulations studies that incorporate the context-dependent mutational properties of plant chloroplast DNA. We first reconstruct ancestral sequences and then simulate their evolution in the absence of selection on codon usage by using mutation dynamics estimated from intergenic regions. The results show that psbA has a significantly higher level of codon adaptation than expected while other chloroplast genes are within the range predicted by the simulations. These results suggest that there have been selective constraints on the codon usage of the flowering plant psbA gene during Angiosperm evolution.
Festive literature in Catalan as a space of cultural resistance: The Valencian magazine Pensat i Fet (1912–72) during the Spanish post-war period
Authors: Peris Llorca Jesús
Published: October 2021

The magazine Pensat i Fet (1912–72), which was published every year before the Fallas festival and included a wide range of texts and pictures related to it, had been an important element in the dissemination of literature and culture in Catalan and the agenda of valencianism among wide sectors of Valencian society. Until 1936 – especially during the years of the Second Spanish Republic – the magazine explicitly opted for valencianism, for example, advocating for the agreement that would make the statute of autonomy possible. However, from 1940 onwards it became a true bastion of cultural resistance. So, the magazine maintained a literary use of Catalan language in diverse registers, strongly satirized the Castillianization of society, was able to express a valencianist spirit in a variety of ways, incorporated elements of social criticism through popular satire and accommodated very diverse authors from the Valencian literary field and from other Catalan-speaking regions. In this article, attention will be paid to the way in which the magazine manages to articulate these gestures, albeit not without trouble with censorship, throughout the first decade of Franco’s Regime, that is, between 1939 and 1950.
The version of microevolutionary relationships between biotypes close to Elymus caninus (Poaceae) according to the sequencing of the nuclear gene GBSS1 (waxy)
Authors: Agafonov A. V , Shabanova (Kobozeva) E. V. , Emtseva M. V.
Published: October 2021

A comparative study of the sequences of the GBSS1 gene fragment in accessions of species close to Elymus caninus:E. prokudinii, E. viridiglumis, E. goloskokovii, as well as a number of morphologically deviating forms (MDF) from the territoryof Russia and Kazakhstan was carried out. The StH-genomic constitution was established or confirmed in all studied taxa andMDF, and the microevolutionary relationships between species were assessed by constructing separate NJ dendrograms based onexons and introns together and exons only. Differences in the location of Y subgenomes in reference StY-genomic species on twotypes of constructed dendrograms were noted. Possible evolutionary reasons for these differences are discussed. A characteristicfeature of all taxa close to E. caninus is the presence of only St2clones of the St subgenome, which are closer in composition tothe North American ancestral line Pseudoroegneria spicata than to the Asiatic line ascending to P. strigosa. The reference Polishaccession E. caninus can_5274 is farthest from the Asian accessions in the St2subgenome, but closer to the diploid carrier ofthe St genome P. spicata. According to the levels of differentiation of the H subgenome, all putative relatives of E. caninus havevariants of the H1subgenome around the Asian diploid host Hordeum jubatum, while being divided into two distinct subgroups.Only the accessions of four reference species gravitate towards the North American species Hordeum californicum – the carrierof the H2gene variant. It should be noted that the gene variants of the Ural endemic E. uralensis are close to the main group ofE. caninus accessions in both subgenomes. Together with the results of sexual hybridization, this fact gives grounds to considerE. uralensis as closely related to the main group of taxa deserving the intraspecific rank of E. caninus s. l.
Species composition of the mycobiota of the Sievers apple tree (Malus sieversii (Ledeb) M. Roem.) in Kazakhstan
Authors: Aitymbet Zh. , Urmanov G. A. , Sypabekkyzy G. , Rakhimova Y. V.
Published: October 2021

The mycobiota of the Sievers apple tree on the territory of the fruit forests of Kazakhstan (Tarbagatai, Ketmen, Karatau, Altyn-Emel, Talassky, Zailiysky and Dzhungarsky Alatau ranges) includes 64 species of fungi from threedivisions. The most widely represented division is Ascomycota – 48 species, and for the genera Cytospora, Aspergillus,Alternaria, the largest number of species is noted (4 species, 3 and 3 species, respectively). The largest group of fungi of21 species causes damage to apple fruits. Fungus species causing apple tree trunk rot and wood rot are considered to bethe most harmful.
Epiphytic lichen cover of collection trees of arboretum of the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University
Authors: Androsova V. I , Chernisheva T. N.
Published: October 2021

At present, 264 species of lichens and allied fungi have been recorded for the territory of the BotanicalGarden of Petrozavodsk State University (Republic of Karelia) and 112 species have been found in its arboretum, wheremore than 200 species of introduced trees grow. The paper presents the results of studying the features of the epiphyticlichen cover of the collection trees of the arboretum of the Botanical Garden of PetrSU (Republic of Karelia). Results of thestudy are based on 1662 descriptions of the epiphytic lichen cover on 209 trees of coniferous species and 1150 descriptions –on 143 deciduous introduced species.The average total projective cover of lichens on the trunks of the studied coniferous introduced species reaches 18 % atthe trunk base, and 19 % – at a height of 130 cm above the ground. The number of species in the descriptions of epiphyticlichen cover varies from 0 to 12 (0.8 in average). The highest values of the projective cover of lichens and the numberof species in the descriptions were observed on the trunks of conifers of the genus Pinus, the lowest – on the trunks oftrees of the genus Thuja. The average total projective cover of lichens on the trunks of the studied deciduous introducedspecies was 8 % at the base, and 25 % – at a height of 130 cm above the ground. The number of species in the descriptionvaries from 0 to 9 (1.0 in average). The highest values of the projective cover of lichens and the number of species in thedescription are noted on the trunks of the genus Quercus, the lowest – on the trunks of trees of the genus Ulmus. Collectiontrees of arboretum tree represent a model object for observing the features of the formation of the epiphytic lichen cover
Phytochemical characteristics of some plants of Northern Mongolia
Authors: Antsupova T. P , Bitueva E. B.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of determining the content of pectin substances, organic acids and freesugars in 7 species (8 samples) of plants collected in the steppe regions of Northern Mongolia. These are: Armeniaca sibirica(L.) Lam. – siberian apricot, leaves; Artemisia adamsii Bess. – Adams wormwood, aboveground part; Betula fusca Pallasex Georgi - brown birch, leaves; Iris lactea Pallas, milky white iris, leaves; Polygonatum (Aconogonon) divaricatum L. –spreading knotweed (battering ram), leaves and flowers; Thermopsis dahurica Czefr. – Daurian thermopsis, abovegroundpart; Veronica incana L. – gray-haired Veronica, aboveground part. The studied species comprise a significant amountof pectin substances, citric, acetic, lactic and other organic acids, as well as free sugars: glucose, fructose, sucrose. Thequantitative content of these substances has been determined.
Distribution of fungi of the genus Septoria in the Northern Tien Shan (Ile Alatau and Kungey Alatau, Kazakhstan)
Authors: Assylbek A. M. , Rakhimova Y. V. , Yermekova B. D. , Kyzmetova L. A. , Jetigenova U. K. , Sypabekkyzy G.
Published: October 2021

Data on the distribution of microscopic fungi of the genus Septoria in the Northern Tien Shan withinKazakhstan (Ile Alatau and Kungey Alatau) are presented. A list of the species of Septoria is given, indicating the familyand species of the affected plants. 78 species of fungi of the genus Septoria, developing on 90 plant species which belongto the 35th family were identified. According to our research, herbaceous plants are most susceptible to Septoria (86.6 %of the total number of species).