bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robot-assisted Vesicovaginal Fistula Repair with “Rainbow-shaped” Peritoneal Flap : A Single-center Experience
Authors: Yang Yang , Huang Chenchen , Wu Shiliang , Chen Yuke , Shen Cheng
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) refers to an abnormal communication between the bladder and vagina, leading to uncontrolled leakage of urine from the vagina. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of robot-assisted laparoscopic VVF repair with a "rainbow-shaped" peritoneal flap.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 15 patients who underwent robot-assisted VVF repair from July 2021 to March 2023 in Peking University First Hospital. The patient cohort included 1 patient who had undergone abdominal hysterectomy, 11 patients who had laparoscopic hysterectomy, 1 patient who had cervical conization, and 2 adolescents with residual intravaginal foreign bodies.
Results
7 had a history of failed VVF repair, while 8 underwent primary repair. The mean operative time was 137 (range: 92–182) minutes, and the mean hospital stay was 4.9 (range: 4.3–5.5) days. Surgical blood loss was minimal, averaging 14 (range: 6–22) ml. The fistula was located supratrigonal in 14 patients and in the triangle area in 1 patient. In the vagina, the fistula was situated at the stump in 12 patients and at the anterior wall or cervix in 3 patients. All procedures were successfully completed without the need for open conversion. All 15 patients achieved successful repair, with no complications reported during the mean follow-up period of 7.8 months.
Conclusion
Robot-assisted laparoscopic repair with a "rainbow-shaped" peritoneal flap for VVF is an effective, safe, and highly successful technique.
Workload in cockpit work on high-speed workboats: How to improve crew performance
Authors: Lehtimäki Mikko , Teperi Anna-Maria
Published: December 2024

This study examined the mental workload (MWL) of cockpit work on high-speed workboats’ (HSWs), as the crews of these boats are exposed to harmfully high and low MWL, which are both detrimental to safety and performance. MWL was measured during observed, real-life voyages using an experimental subjective Likert scale that assessed cognitive reserve capacity that could then be compared to retrospective NASA TLX data. The crews were interviewed about the factors that affected their MWL during voyages and the need to improve MWL management in the sociotechnical system of the HSWs. The MWL measures were sensitive to cognitive load variations and suitable for measuring MWL in the maritime field. The crews' MWL, but on the other hand cognitive reserves were repeatedly reported as low. Crew competencies in particular were seen to improve workload management, which was especially weakened by insufficient skills, the technology used, its usability, and the cockpit layout. The interviewees made proposals for how to enhance MWL management. The results contributed to improving MWL management and the mastery of human factors in HSWs and small-craft operations.
Highly Luminescent Nitrogen Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Mercury Ion Sensing with Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Dutta Ankita , Dam Somasri , Mandal Ujjwal
Published: December 2024

Nitrogen doped Carbon Quantum Dots (NCQDs) is synthesized in most economical and easiest hydrothermal process. Here N-phenyl orthophenyldiamine and citric acid are applied as a source of nitrogen and carbon for the preparation of NCQDs. The synthesized NCQDs were characterized using experimental techniques like UV−Vis absorption, FT-IR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorimeter and time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. These nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots are used to study their bactericidal activity against representative Gram-negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (B. Subtilis and S. Aureus) bacterial strains by the agar well diffusion method. Results shows that synthesized Nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots have maximum antibacterial activity against S. aureus with good inhibitory effect and inhibition range from 2 mg mL-1 to 3 mg mL-1. These Nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots are also used as fluorescence probe for sensitive and selective detection of mercury. The emission intensity of carbon quantum dots has drastically quenched by Hg2+ ion. Observed limit of detection (LOD) is 4.98 nM, much below than the approved limit prescribed by Environmental Protection Agency. Hence the synthesized NCQDs play an important role in monitoring the antibacterial effect as well as water quality. Measured quantum yield of the NCQDs were ~ 53%. TEM image shows that the NCQDs are quasi-spherical shaped with average size of 3.5 nm.
Prevalence and factors associated with admission to the neonatal intensive care unit at Gulu regional referral hospital
Authors: Oilo Simon Peter , Omara Timothy , Obol Justine , Akera Peter
Published: December 2024

Background
Globally, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions are a global concern, particularly in regions like sub-Saharan Africa. This study explored the prevalence and factors associated with NICU admission at Gulu regional referral hospital GRRH in northern Uganda.
Method
This was a cross-sectional study that employed quantitative techniques. Data were retrospectively collected from 576 randomly selected hospital records on NICU admissions from 1st July 2022 to 30th June 2023. All data were analysed using SPSS 25.0 statistical software. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses examined factors associated with NICU admission.
Results
Of the 576 records reviewed, there were111 (19.3%) neonates were admitted to the neonatal intensive care. Factors associated with admission of neonates to the neonatal intensive care unit were caesarean delivery, aOR: 3.82, 95% CI (2.17–6.72), preterm labour, aOR: 4.22, 95% CI (1.18–15.13), premature rupture of membranes, aOR: 11.16, 95% CI (5.79–21.49), and malaria in pregnancy, aOR: 4.37, 95% CI (1.53–12.53).
Conclusion
The rate of NICU admission at Gulu regional referral hospital was high. The factors associated with the admission of neonates to the neonatal intensive care unit at Gulu regional referral hospital were malaria in pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, preterm labour and caesarean section.
SEQSIM – A novel bioinformatics tool for comparisons of promoter regions – a case study of calcium binding protein spermatid associated 1 (CABS1)
Authors: Santos Joy Ramielle L. , Sun Weijie , Befus A. Dean , Marcet-Palacios Marcelo
Published: December 2024

Background
Understanding transcriptional regulation requires an in-depth analysis of promoter regions, which house vital cis-regulatory elements such as core promoters, enhancers, and silencers. Despite the significance of these regions, genome-wide characterization remains a challenge due to data complexity and computational constraints. Traditional bioinformatics tools like Clustal Omega face limitations in handling extensive datasets, impeding comprehensive analysis. To bridge this gap, we developed SEQSIM, a sequence comparison tool leveraging an optimized Needleman-Wunsch algorithm for high-speed comparisons. SEQSIM can analyze complete human promoter datasets in under an hour, overcoming prior computational barriers.
Results
Applying SEQSIM, we conducted a case study on CABS1, a gene associated with spermatogenesis and stress response but lacking well-defined functions. Our genome-wide promoter analysis revealed 41 distinct homology clusters, with CABS1 residing within a cluster that includes promoters of genes such as VWCE, SPOCK1, and TMX2. These associations suggest potential co-regulatory networks. Additionally, our findings unveiled conserved promoter motifs and long-range regulatory sequences, including LINE-1 transposable element fragments shared by CABS1 and nearby genes, implying evolutionary conservation and regulatory significance.
Conclusions
These results provide insight into potential gene regulation mechanisms, enhancing our understanding of transcriptional control and suggesting new pathways for functional exploration. Future studies incorporating SEQSIM could elucidate co-regulatory networks and chromatin interactions that impact gene expression.
Integrating Anisotropic Heat Flow and Transformer Encoders in Convolutional Neural Network for Skin Cancer Classification
Authors: Aburass Sanad , Rumman Maha Abu , Huneiti Ammar
Published: December 2024

The early detection and classification of skin cancer are pivotal in improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare burdens. However, traditional deep learning models in dermatological diagnostics often struggle with the nuanced differentiation of skin lesions. This paper introduces a novel approach, integrating an Advanced Heat Flow Layer into deep learning architectures for skin cancer classification, this method is centered on the principles of anisotropic diffusion, distinguishing itself from conventional image processing techniques by selectively smoothing image areas while preserving critical edge details, essential for accurate lesion identification. In our research, we utilized the Ham10000 dataset, enriched with data augmentation to simulate real-world variability, we conducted a comprehensive comparison of our model, featuring the Advanced Heat Flow Layer, against several benchmark deep learning models, including Sobel Edge Detection Layer. Our model, integrated with various layers of DenseNet121, consistently outperformed these benchmarks across key metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC, particularly with augmented data, this indicates a significant enhancement in the model's ability to generalize and maintain critical diagnostic features under diverse conditions. Our code is available at, https://github.com/sanadv/SkinCancerClassificationModels/blob/main/Models.ipynb
Predictors of heatwave risk perception and care adaptation among Nepalese pregnant women: Baseline assessment of a longitudinal concurrent cohort
Authors: Rhomberg Ariane , Schröders Julia , Vaezghasemi Masoud , KC Ashish
Published: December 2024

Background- Heatwaves have detrimental effects on maternal and neonatal health, increasing the risk for maternal complications, preterm birth, and neonatal mortality. There is an urgent need to explore pregnant women’s heatwave risk perceptions and adaptive measures. This study uses the Health Belief Model (HBM) to investigate pregnant women’s perception of heatwave risks and related prevention and mitigation strategies and identifies barriers to the adoption of such behaviours.
Methods- Using a concurrent cohort design, a baseline assessment was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 745 pregnant women in a heat prone district in Nepal. The interviews collected socio-demographic information and assessed the five HBM constructs of heatwave risk perception using a Likert scale. Heat maps were created to visualise perceptions, and Principal Component Analysis was undertaken to create a nominal scale score for each construct. Crude and adjusted linear regressions were performed to assess associations of socio-demographic characteristics and HBM constructs.
Results- Among the pregnant women, 68% perceived dehydration due to heatwave as a risk to their pregnancy, and 37% perceived sunburn as a risk to foetal health. In terms of perceived benefit, 34% agreed that staying in an air-conditioned environment could reduce their chances of suffering during a heatwave. Adjusted linear regression showed that wealthier women perceived higher vulnerability (adj. β=0.14, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.21; p<0.001) and severity (adj.β=0.16, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.23; p<0.001), and reported more barriers (adj. β=0.16, 95%CI: 0.08, 0.23; p<0.001). Conversely, urban residents had significantly lower perceived vulnerability (adjusted β = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.41, -0.24; p < 0.001) and severity (adj. β = -0.34, 95%CI: -0.42, -0.25; p < 0.001), fewer barriers (adj. β = -0.34, 95%CI: -0.42,-0.25; p<0.001), and perceived more benefits (adj. β = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.39; p<0.001) from heat stress prevention and mitigation strategies compared to their rural counterparts.
Conclusion- To promote adaptive behaviours in this vulnerable population and strengthen maternal and foetal resilience against the growing threat of heatwaves, we recommend focusing on closing knowledge, availability, and accessibility gaps, particularly among pregnant women of lower economic status in rural areas.
Comparison study of Sargassum Vulgare and Padina Pavonica of Persian Gulf extracts for their bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and sun protection factor to improve UV absorption
Authors: Nabizade Nafise , Zarei-Ahmady Amanollah , Shushizadeh Mohammad Reza , RajabZadehGhatrami Ebrahim , Golfakhrabadi Fereshteh
Published: December 2024

This research paper investigates the bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and sun protection factor (SPF) in ethanolic extracts from two brown algae, Sargassum vulgare (S. vulgare) and Padina pavonica (P. pavonica), collected from the Persian Gulf. Through qualitative and quantitative tests, various bioactive compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, proteins, and carbohydrates were identified. The antioxidant activity was measured via 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. SPF values were evaluated for different concentrations of ethanolic extracts. Notably, P. pavonica exhibited higher SPF values than S. vulgare, with an optimal concentration of 4 mg/mL for both species. The findings underscore the potential of these algae extracts as natural ingredients in cosmetic and sun protection products, bolstered by their significant antioxidant and photoprotective properties.
Occurrence of geospatial clustering of anopheline mosquitoes in a settlement in Epe, Nigeria
Authors: Bello Abdulrahman Babatunde , Hassan Adesola Adebolade , Popoola Kabir Olajide Kehinde
Published: December 2024

Targeted mosquito control programmes to areas with high abundance and clustering maximises intervention effectiveness. The distribution pattern of Anopheles mosquito larvae was investigated for the presence of clustering distribution patterns using Global Moran’s Index (GMI) spatial autocorrelation and clustering and outlier analysis, in Epe and Orimedu. Each study area was systematically stratified into 12 settlements. Stratified random technique was used to select two georeferenced sampling stations from each settlement and subsequently imported into ArcGIS environment for overlaying on the land use land cover map of the study areas. Larval abundance varied across the sampling stations in Epe (603±160) and Orimedu (531±248). Larval abundance was 53% and 55% in upper altitude stations in Epe and Orimedu respectively. Anopheles larval clustering was observed in only Sagidan settlement in Epe, GMI = 0.43, p<0.05 but not in any of Orimedu settlements, GMI = -0.093, p>0.05. The observed spatial variability in Anopheles larvae in the study area is independent of presence of clustering. The clustering distribution pattern of Anopheles larvae observed in Epe may be attributed to the relatively heterogeneous nature of the terrain and highly varied altitude. Consequently, Epe will require a targeted approach in the allocation of malaria vector control intervention.
Integration of RNA Editing with Multiomics Data Improves Machine Learning Models for Predicting Drug Responses in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Bernal Yanara A. , Blanco Alejandro , Oróstica Karen , Delgado Iris , Armisén Ricardo
Published: December 2024

Background: The integration of conventional omics data such as genomics and transcriptomics data into artificial intelligence models has advanced significantly in recent years; however, their low applicability in clinical contexts, due to the high complexity of models, has been limited in their direct use inpatients. We integrated classic omics, including DNA mutation and RNA gene expression, added a novel focus on promising omics methods based on A>I(G) RNA editing, and developed a drug response prediction model.
Methods: We analyzed 104 patients from the Breast Cancer Genome-Guided Therapy Study (NCT02022202). This study was used to train (70%) with 10-fold cross-validation and test (30%) the drug response classification models. We assess the performance of the random forest (RF), generalized linear model (GLM), and support vector machine (SVM) with the Caret package in classifying therapy response via various combinations of clinical data, tumoral and germline mutation data, gene expression data, and RNA editing data via the LASSO and PCA strategies.
Results: First, we characterized the cohort on the basis of clinical data, mutation landscapes, differential gene expression, and RNAediting sites in 69 nonresponders and 35 responders to therapy. Second, regarding the prediction models, we demonstrated that RNA editing data improved or maintained the performance of the RF model for predicting drug response across all combinations. To select the final model, we compared the F1 score between models with different data combinations, highlighting an F1 score of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.957--0.961) and an AUC of 0.922, using LASSO for feature selection. Finally, we developed a nonresponse risk score on the basis of features that contributed to the selected model, focusing on three RNA-edited sites in the genes KDM4B, miRNA200/TTLL10-AS1, and BEST1. The score was created to facilitate the clinical translation of our findings, presenting a probability of therapy response according to RNA editing site patterns.
Conclusion: Our study highlights the potential of RNA editing as a valuable addition to predictive modeling for drug response in patients with breast cancer. The nonresponse risk score could represent a tool for clinical translation, offering a probability-based assessment of therapy response. These findings suggest that incorporating RNA editing into predictive models could enhance personalized treatment strategies and improve decision-making in oncology.
Spatial Autocorrelation and Predictive Modeling of COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage in Thailand (2021–2022)
Authors: Muntaphan Sarayu , Sornlorm Kittipong
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges globally, with vaccine distribution being a critical factor for recovery. Despite achieving vaccination targets, Thailand faced disparities in vaccine coverage across regions. This study aims to investigate the spatial patterns and predictive determinants of COVID-19 vaccine coverage during 2021–2022 using spatial analysis techniques, including autocorrelation and regression models. Moran’s I and LISA showed significant positive spatial autocorrelation in vaccine coverage in 2021 (0.427) and 2022 (0.467). High-High clusters were found to be predominantly located in the Eastern region. The Spatial Error Model was the most suitable for predictions. In 2021, vaccine coverage was associated with population density, nighttime light, public transport, income, medical personnel, COVID-19 cases, and deaths (R² = 0.699). In 2022, key factors were the elderly population, nighttime light, internet access, and medical personnel (R² = 0.610). We conclude that in 2021, COVID-19 vaccine availability saw limited vaccine quantities distributed unevenly. Areas with substantial economic growth, high COVID-19 incidence rates, and a significant presence of medical personnel tended to have higher COVID-19 vaccine coverage. In 2022, vaccine availability improved with extensive distribution and community-level services targeting vulnerable groups, supported by online decision-making tools and a reservation system.
"Ich denke mir einfach, welche Personen will ich da unten sehen." : Soziale Praktiken des Selektierens an der Tür eines Technoclubs
Authors: Anker Gabriel , Herz Michael , Müller Josephine , Ruppert Cynthia , Sayah Nabila
Published: December 2024

Die vorliegende ethnografische Studie beleuchtet die sozialen Praktiken des Selektierens an der Tür des Frankfurter Technoclubs FREUD, mit besonderem Fokus auf die Rolle der Selekteurin Jane Konchakov. Durch die Methode der teilnehmenden Beobachtung und systematischen Auswertung wird die Türpolitik am Clubeingang untersucht, um die komplexen Mechanismen und Dynamiken der Zugangskontrolle und deren sozialen Folgen zu verstehen. Dabei stehen im Vordergrund der Beobachtungen insbesondere die Interaktion zwischen den verschiedenen Akteuren - der Selekteurin, den Türstehern und auf der anderen Seite den Clubgästen - sowie den Selektionskriterien, wie Dresscode, äußere Erscheinung und Verhalten.

Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Selektionspraxis mehr als nur eine reine Zugangskontrolle ist: Ein zentraler Faktor ist die Konstituierung einer Crowd als Mittel für ein bestimmtes Image nach außen und um aus dem Selbstverständnis des Clubs heraus der queeren Community einen safer space zu bieten. Der Selektionsprozess an der Tür ist dabei als Abbild gesellschaftlicher Strukturen, Hierarchien und Wertvorstellungen zu sehen, die durch die spezifische Türpolitik ebenso reproduziert werden. Die Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zur Soziologie des Bewertens und zur ethnografischen Näherung an urbane Nachtkulturforschung.
Hydromulch Maintains Strawberry Yield, Fruit Quality, and Plant Nutrition across Two Contrasting Environments
Authors: Weiss Ben , Ahmad Waqas , Maupin Brian , McFadden Dakota , S. Bajwa Dilpreet , Durado Andrew , Weyers Sharon , P. Galinato Suzette , Gramig Greta , Wasko DeVetter Lisa
Published: December 2024

Plastic mulches made from nonbiodegradable polyethylene (i.e., “PE mulch”) are an integral tool for organic and conventional strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) production due to their ability to optimize soil and crop microclimates, suppress weeds, and promote overall yield and fruit quality. Unfortunately, PE mulch is primarily single-use and seldom recycled, leading to large volumes of plastic waste, with some of the plastic mulch fragments residing in the soil or polluting the surrounding agroecosystem. Although soil-biodegradable plastic mulches are a promising mulch technology that aims to reduce waste generation, no commercial products are available that meet the National Organic Program’s requirements. Hydromulches are an alternative mulch technology that is sprayable and can be formulated to meet organic requirements, but they have undergone limited testing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various hydromulch formulations on yield, fruit quality, and tissue nutrient status of day-neutral strawberries grown in two diverse environments. Hydromulches made with various formulations of paper, guar gum, or psyllium tackifiers were compared with PE mulch in Northwest Washington and North Dakota in 2022. Few treatment effects were observed throughout the experiment, and both strawberry yield and fruit quality were maintained. Slight variations in tissue nutrient concentrations were observed but not attributed to hydromulch treatments. Information resulting from this project demonstrates hydromulches maintain crop productivity and quality. Future research should evaluate the ability of hydromulches to suppress a spectrum of weed species, impacts on soil health, and economic viability.
Efficiency of antiangiogenic therapy for choroidal neovascularization in children
Authors: Katargina L. A. , Denisova E. V. , Osipova N. A. , Kiseleva Ya. A.
Published: December 2024

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in children is a rare but functionally significant complication of a wide range of fundus diseases. Data on the effectiveness of antiangiogenic therapy for CNV of various etiologies in ophthalmopediatrics are scarce.

Purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of antiangiogenic therapy for CNV in children.

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of active CNV was performed in 54 children (59 eyes). All patients underwent intravitreal injection of antiangiogenic drug (ranibizumab, aflibercept or brolucizumab). In addition to standard ophthalmologic examination, children underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) of the macular area and optic nerve head at diagnosis and dynamically after treatment.

Results. In 51 children (56 eyes), persistent suppression of CNV activity was achieved, in 3 children the drug administration was continued on an “as needed” basis. The number of anti-VEGF drug injections ranged from 1 to 7 (on average, 1.6 ± 1.3), while 8 children (8 eyes, 13.6 %) required more than 2 injections of the drug, in 6 of them the main disease was inflammatory lesion of the uveal tract and retina. The best corrected visual acuity in 20 children (20 eyes, 33.9 %) increased by 0.03–0.4, in 30 children (35 eyes, 59.3 %) it remained stable, in 4 children (4 eyes, 6.8 %) it decreased by 0.05–0.6.

Conclusion. Anti-VEGF therapy is an effective method for treating CNV in children. Further studies are needed to identify risk factors and develop treatment regimens for refractory cases of CNV.
Evaluation the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases first type concentration in various platelet-related products
Authors: Chentsova E. V. , Borovkova N. V. , Sirotkina K. V. , Beznos O. V. , Makarov M. S. , Ponomarev I. N. , Storozheva M. V.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: to evaluate the content of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase type 1 (TIMP-1) in platelet preparations obtained in different methods.

Material and methods. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-poor plasma, and a suspension of platelets washed from plasma (WP) were isolated from the blood of 10 volunteer donors, and a morphofunctional analysis of platelets was performed. After that, a platelet lysate was prepared from PRP, WP, and platelet-poor plasma. The concentration of TIMP-1 in the lysates was determined using enzyme immunoassay.

Results. The level of TIMP-1 in the lysates of PRP and WP did not differ significantly; in platelet-poor plasma, the level of TIMP-1 was significantly lower than in the lysates of PRP and WP (p = 0.003). In all types of preparations, the concentration of TIMP-1 was 2-4 times higher than similar values in the blood serum of healthy people, as reported in other studies. A weak correlation was found between the TIMP-1 concentration and the platelet number in PRP, and there was no correlation between the content of platelets with granules and the TIMP-1 level in the lysates. The presence of leukocytes in the initial PRP also did not affect the TIMP level in the final lysates. A strong correlation was found between the TIMP-1 concentration in the WP lysate and in platelet-poor plasma, as well as a direct correlation between the total platelet content and the TIMP-1 level in the PRP lysate.

Conclusions. Preparations with high concentrations of TIMP-1 can be obtained both from concentrated platelet suspensions and from platelet-poor plasma. To optimize the method, it is necessary to study the effect of platelet preparations with TIMP on various biological models.
Analysis of Scientific Literacy of Senior High School Students in Relation to Global Warming as a Socio-Scientific Issue
Authors: Hernani Hernani , Depi Siska Sintia , Hidayat Lina Nurlina , Nurhadi Atep Rian , Supriatna Asep , Tias Bachrul , Wafi Wulanda
Published: December 2024

The low scientific literacy skills of Indonesian students should be a serious concern for all science educators. Scientific literacy skills can be improved in contextual learning related to nature and social contexts that occur in the environment around students. This study aims to develop the science literacy of high school students through the application of Problem Based Learning model on the topic of global warming. This study used a quantitative approach with descriptive methods, with participants of 24 students in one of the high schools in Bandung City.  The research instrument used is a science literacy test question in the form of descriptions, which consists of 3 domains, namely context, content, and science competence, in addition, student handouts is also used to provide an overview of the PBL learning process containing the applied science literacy.  The result shows students performed Moderately in three PISA-based competencies including (i) explaining scientific phenomena, (ii) evaluating and designing scientific investigations, and (iii) analyzing evidence and data scientifically for decision-making and action.
Transformation of persistent organic micropollutants by UV and UV/H2O2 in wastewater treatment plant effluent
Authors: Thor Jan , Dittmann Daniel , Meyer Andreas , Zeeshan Muhammad , Johne Steffen , Reynaert Eva , Ruhl Aki Sebastian
Published: December 2024

Photochemical and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are promising options to simultaneously disinfect wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent and degrade organic micropollutants (OMPs). In the present study, kinetic experiments with UV alone (254 or 254+185 nm) and the combination of UV and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an AOP were conducted in WWTP effluent (with and without ultrafiltration) to assess the degradation of 24 OMPs, 13 of which were examined for the first time, in a flow-through batch reactor setup. Four parameters were systematically varied to quantify their impacts on OMP degradation: H2O2 concentrations, UV source, water matrix, and flow rate. Most of the studied OMPs (e.g., trimethylammonium, 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine, carbamazepine) were only significantly degraded in the presence of UV radiation and H2O2. The highest pseudo-first-order rate constants were found for diclofenac, acesulfame, diatrizoate, and sulfamethoxazole. The experiment with the highest degradation also showed the strongest abatement of UV absorbance at 254 nm. Only three of the 24 substances (cyanoguanidine, melamine, and oxipurinol) were not degraded; UV alone even increased their concentrations. Overall, upgrading a UV disinfection to an AOP using H2O2 allows the degradation of a wide range of OMPs, making it an interesting process for water reuse.
Pardon my trench: reflections on the uptake of trenchless technologies in the Norwegian water sector
Authors: Rokstad Marius Møller , Bruaset Stian , Skaar Bjørn Solnes , Borgen Eirik Otnæs , Tscheikner-Gratl Franz
Published: December 2024

Trenchless pipe renewal can be a more cost-, time- and environmentally effective alternative to traditional open-cut replacement. It reduces service disruptions for surrounding infrastructures and is often cheaper, especially when extensive excavation works are necessary, particularly in cold climates, like Norway, where trenches are traditionally deep due to frost security requirements. Still, the uptake of trenchless technologies is still limited in the Norwegian market. In this study, interviews were conducted with representative actors in the Norwegian water industry (water utilities, contractors, and consultants), with the aim of revealing how the technology for renewal of pipes is selected in the planning phase and identifying hindering and enabling factors for trenchless technology uptake in the market. Factors identified include market conservativism, lack of trust between stakeholders, missing guidelines about the distribution of risk, lack of knowledge/specialization in utilities and consultant offices, and issues pertaining to the project delivery method and tendering process. These factors indicate which measures could be implemented to increase the uptake of trenchless technologies in the Norwegian and similar markets. Suggested measures include strengthening the position of stakeholder independent trade organization, facilitating cooperation between smaller utilities and adapting the tendering process to better reflect the requirements of the projects.
Cultivo de girassol em safrinha aumenta proteína na silagem
Authors: Jardel Radons Patrique , Redin Marciel , Rotili Junior Rodrigo , Maisa da Silva Danni , Guerra Divanilde , Evaldo Gehlen Bohrer Robson
Published: December 2024

A cultura do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) é afetada por diversos fatores de solo, clima e manejo, principalmente pela época de semeadura. Objetivou-se avaliar a produção e o teor de proteína bruta (PB) na silagem, nos grãos e nos aglomerados das hastes de girassol em safra e safrinha com cultivares de ciclos precoce e tardio. Foram utilizadas duas épocas de semeadura: outubro – safra e janeiro – safrinha, com duas cultivares a BRS 323 de ciclo precoce e a BRS 422 de ciclo tardio. Avaliou-se a produção de massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes no estádio de pleno florescimento, para o rendimento de silagem e produtividade, além do conteúdo de PB nos grãos no estádio de maturação para colheita. Observou-se que a massa seca da parte aérea (1766 kg ha-1), das raízes (1236 kg ha-1) e a massa de grãos (3225 kg ha-1) não diferiram entre as cultivares e as épocas de semeadura. Na safra, o teor médio de PB foi 11,08% e na safrinha de 15,62%. Conclui-se que a semeadura em safrinha é a mais apropriada quando se busca aumento de PB da silagem de girassol, nestas condições.
Preparation and Evaluation of Ni/NiAl2O4 Core/Shell Nanostructures in
Non-ionic Surfactant-based Vesicle
Authors: Pardakhty Abbas , Rajaei Peyman , Ranjbar Mehdi , Ohadi Mandana
Published: December 2024

Background:

Non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles (niosomes) as coherent and selforganization
capability structures form organized core/shell nanostructures.

Objective:

In this academic research, Ni/NiAl2O4 core/shell nanostructures were successfully synthesized
with the ultrasound-assisted direct micelle (UADM) method and these structures were used as a
delivery system for minoxidil drugs.

Method:

The synthesis conditions for producing Ni/NiAl2O4 core/shell structures were optimized
using a design of experiments (DOE) approach. Process control was systematically examined
through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface methodology (RSM). The Ni/NiAl2O4,
core/shell nanostructures, underwent characterization using various techniques such as SEM (scanning
electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), AFM (atomic force microscopy),
FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), BET analysis,
differential thermal analysis (DTA), and nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The in vitro release of
minoxidil from the Ni/NiAl2O4 core/shell nanostructures was studied using UV-vis spectroscopy at a
wavelength of 486 nm.

Results:

Results indicated an encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of around 74% after 150 minutes. Furthermore,
the loading efficiency of minoxidil in niosomes modified with Ni/NiAl2O4 core/shell
nanostructures was calculated to be approximately 99.83% at 486 nm.

Conclusion:

Overall, this research lays a foundational framework for developing innovative nanomaterials
with tailored properties for advanced delivery systems and other novel applications.
Scaled-up Processes for the Preparation of Enhanced Antibacterial ZnO-Menthol, ZnO-Chitosan, and ZnO-Triclosan Flake/Spine-like Nanocomposites, and their Biocompatibility and Toxicity Studies
Authors: Rajapakshe R.B.S.D. , Thennakoon C.A. , Nishananthy N. , Niyangoda Sayuri S. , Thennakoon Siddartha , Rajapakse Rajapakse Mudiyanselage Gamini , Rajapakse Sanath
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Nanomaterials, especially their biocompatibilities and toxicities, have
not been studied and their integration in real applications is still limited.

Method:

This paper addresses this gap by focusing on the development of antibacterial nanomaterials
by combining flake/spinal ZnO nanostructures with organic antibacterial agents (menthol,
chitosan, and triclosan). We systematically study their biocompatibility and toxicity, intending
to apply them practically on fabric surfaces.

Result:

Based on the known photocatalytic and antibacterial properties of ZnO, our hypothesis
suggests that the unique flake/spine ZnO nanostructures can further improve the antibacterial
efficacy through induced mechanistic approaches. The synergistic effect achieved by combining
ZnO with menthol, chitosan, and triclosan improves the overall bactericidal ability. XRD, XRF,
FTIR, SEM, and UV-visible spectroscopy are used to characterize the nanocomposites. The
antibacterial properties of the modified fabrics are tested using standard spread plate techniques.
Biocompatibility and toxicity studies using a mouse model provide a comprehensive picture of
the safety profile.

Conclusion:

This work advances the understanding of antibacterial nanomaterials, and paves the
way for their wider manufacturing and practical use in textiles, meeting the industrial needs of
antimicrobial clothing and wound dressings.
A Comprehensive Review of Fear of Eating Behaviour in Individuals with Diabetes: Exploring Therapeutic Interventions for Diabulimia
Authors: Wal Ankita , Sahu Pankaj Kumar , Wal Pranay , Sahu Kaminee , Bhise Manish Ramesh , Lodhi Devendra Singh
Published: December 2024

Objective:

This review aims to comprehensively analyse the fear of eating behaviour in
individuals with diabetes, known as diabulimia or ED-DMT1. The emotional and psychological
factors contributing to disordered eating behaviours, their impact on diabetes management, and potential
consequences on physical health are explored. Various therapeutic interventions, including
cognitive-behavioural therapy and psychological support, the role of nutrition education, individualized
treatment plans support groups in managing fear of eating behaviour in diabetes are examined
and discussed.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies, articles,
and guidelines related to fear of eating behaviour in diabetes. The search included databases such
as PubMed and Google Scholar using appropriate keywords.

Results:

The review highlights the emotional and psychological factors that contribute to the fear
of eating behaviour in diabetes, including body image concerns, fear of weight gain, and disordered
eating patterns. These behaviours can significantly impact diabetes management, leading to
poor glycaemic control, increased risk of complications, and reduced overall well-being. Various
therapeutic interventions, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy and mindfulness-based interventions,
have shown promise in addressing the fear of eating behaviour.

Conclusion:

A multidisciplinary strategy combining healthcare specialists specializing in diabetes
management, mental health, and nutrition is required for effective therapy of fear of eating behaviour
in diabetes. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based therapies, as well as psychological
support, have shown potential in reducing the fear of eating habits. This analysis gives
significant information for healthcare providers to help patients with diabetes who are afraid of
eating and urges additional research on the topic.
Repurposing of Empagliflozin as Cardioprotective Drug: An in-silico Approach
Authors: Yadav Jyoti , Ahsan Farogh , Panda Prabhudatta , Mahmood Tarique , Bano Shahzadi , Shamim Arshiya , Mishra Pooja
Published: December 2024

Background:

Drug repurposing involves investigating new indications or uses for
drugs that have already been approved for clinical use. Empagliflozin is a C-glycosyl compound
characterized by the presence of a beta-glucosyl residue. It functions as a sodium-glucose co-transporter
2 inhibitor and is utilized to enhance glycemic control in adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
mellitus. Additionally, it is indicated for the reduction of cardiovascular mortality risk in
adult patients who have both type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-existing cardiovascular disease.

Objective:

The study's objective revolves around exploring the repurposing potential of a novel
SGLT2 inhibitor acting as an antidiabetic drug named Empagliflozin through computational methods,
with a specific focus on its interaction with cardioprotective key target proteins.

Methods:

The study was performed by docking the empagliflozin with different target proteins (NHE1-
CHP1, BIRC5, GLUT1, and XIAP) by using Autodock, and different values were recorded.
The docked files were analysed by the BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer. The in silico analysis
conducted in this study examines the binding free energy values of Empagliflozin with key target
proteins.

Results:

Results revealed that NHE1-CHP1 exhibits the lowest binding free energy, followed by
BIRC5, GLUT1, and XIAP, with the highest value. This descending order of binding energies
suggests varying degrees of effectiveness in binding molecules, with lower energies indicative of
more potent biological activity. The analysis underscores the importance of intermolecular interactions,
particularly hydrogen bond formations facilitated by oxygen, nitrogen, and carbonyl groups
in compound structures. Notably, NHE1-CHP1 demonstrates superior binding interactions with
Empagliflozin compared to the other target proteins, highlighting its potential as a cardioprotective
agent.

Conclusion:

These findings offer valuable insights into the therapeutic possibilities of Empagliflozin
in cardioprotection, indicating promising avenues for further research and development in
this domain.
Effect of glucocorticosteroids in the treatment of radiation injuries after radiation therapy of malignant neoplasms. Review
Authors:   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Kursova L.V. , Yudin A.A. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Ivanov S.A. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC)
Published: December 2024

The radiation therapy for malignant tumors complication is the development of radiation-induced injuries. It is a complex inflammatory process that affects the patients quality of life and requires drug correction. To date, the solution to this problem lies in a multimodal approach. It is the use of anti-inflammatory drugs of various pharmacological groups. The purpose of this work is to present the features of the inflammation development in irradiated tissues, the methods inhibiting the processes, and the use of glucocorticosteroids (GCS) as powerful anti-inflammatory agents in the complex treatment. The drugs of the pharmacological group for topical and systemic use, examples of their dosage and the approach to the duration of the treatment course are presented. The most common side effects of GCS in clinical practice and methods of overcoming them are considered. According to the available results, with the help of GCS, analgesic, decongestant, dilating, antifibrotic effects of treatment of local radiation injuries of various sites have been achieved. Due to the use of theoretical data and the gained own clinical experience, we are able to conclude that it is necessary to use GCS in treatment regimens for local drugs, which allows us to achieve a positive result and improve the quality of life of patients.
Book Review: The Early Reception of Manga in the West
Authors: Tomberlin Cetoria
Published: December 2024

Book review of art history and manga scholar Martin de la Iglesia's The Early Reception of Manga in the West, published in 2023 by Christian A. Bachmann Verlag Press in Berlin.
Sample Size Requirements for Popular Classification Algorithms in Tabular Clinical Data: Empirical Study
Authors: Silvey Scott , Liu Jinze
Published: December 2024

Background

The performance of a classification algorithm eventually reaches a point of diminishing returns, where the additional sample added does not improve the results. Thus, there is a need to determine an optimal sample size that maximizes performance while accounting for computational burden or budgetary concerns.

Objective

This study aimed to determine optimal sample sizes and the relationships between sample size and dataset-level characteristics over a variety of binary classification algorithms.

Methods

A total of 16 large open-source datasets were collected, each containing a binary clinical outcome. Furthermore, 4 machine learning algorithms were assessed: XGBoost (XGB), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and neural networks (NNs). For each dataset, the cross-validated area under the curve (AUC) was calculated at increasing sample sizes, and learning curves were fit. Sample sizes needed to reach the observed full–dataset AUC minus 2 points (0.02) were calculated from the fitted learning curves and compared across the datasets and algorithms. Dataset–level characteristics, minority class proportion, full–dataset AUC, number of features, type of features, and degree of nonlinearity were examined. Negative binomial regression models were used to quantify relationships between these characteristics and expected sample sizes within each algorithm. A total of 4 multivariable models were constructed, which selected the best-fitting combination of dataset–level characteristics.

Results

Among the 16 datasets (full-dataset sample sizes ranging from 70,000-1,000,000), median sample sizes were 9960 (XGB), 3404 (RF), 696 (LR), and 12,298 (NN) to reach AUC stability. For all 4 algorithms, more balanced classes (multiplier: 0.93-0.96 for a 1% increase in minority class proportion) were associated with decreased sample size. Other characteristics varied in importance across algorithms—in general, more features, weaker features, and more complex relationships between the predictors and the response increased expected sample sizes. In multivariable analysis, the top selected predictors were minority class proportion among all 4 algorithms assessed, full–dataset AUC (XGB, RF, and NN), and dataset nonlinearity (XGB, RF, and NN). For LR, the top predictors were minority class proportion, percentage of strong linear features, and number of features. Final multivariable sample size models had high goodness-of-fit, with dataset–level predictors explaining a majority (66.5%-84.5%) of the total deviance in the data among all 4 models.

Conclusions

The sample sizes needed to reach AUC stability among 4 popular classification algorithms vary by dataset and method and are associated with dataset–level characteristics that can be influenced or estimated before the start of a research study.