bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency and nature of health issues among horses housed in an active open barn compared to single boxes—A field study
Authors: Kjellberg Linda , Dahlborn Kristina , Roepstorff Lars , Morgan Karin
Published: January 2024

Background

Keeping horses in open barns has positive effects on social interaction and free movement, which may improve horse welfare. However, many horse owners fear that housing in open barns leads to more injuries.

Objective

To compare health events among horses housed in an active open barn (AOB) or in single boxes (BOX).

Study design

A prospective study during 9 months and a 2‐year retrospective study.

Methods

Two housing systems in one farm were investigated: AOB and BOX in pairs or alone in paddock (2–4 h/day) using 66 and 69 horses in the prospective respectively retrospective study. Lameness, wounds, colic and days lost from training were recorded.

Results

There were lower prevalences of lameness and colic in AOB than in BOX (18% vs. 26% and 0% vs. 5%; p < 0.001). Overall, there was a larger proportion of individuals with health events in AOB (83%) compared with BOX (52%) (p < 0.01). However, number of days lost to training did not differ between AOB (10 ± 15 days) and BOX (15 ± 34 days) (p = 0.36). There were no significant differences between the housing systems in number of health events/horse in the retrospective study: AOB 1.54 ± 1.51 versus BOX 1.14 ± 1.20 (p = 0.22).

Main limitations

The different, not standardised, housing systems varied in size and number of horses with no individual consideration in this descriptive field study with no possibility to cross‐over. A convenience sample was used.

Conclusions

Lameness and colic were less frequent in the AOB system compared to single boxes, probably because the horses in the open barn could move freely day and night. Horses in AOB had a higher prevalence of wounds due to interactions between horses, but this did not lead to more days lost from training.
Experiences of cisgender youth with a transgender and/or nonbinary sibling
Authors: Godwin Eli G. , Moore LB. M. , Sansfaçon Annie Pullen , Nishman Melissa MacNish , Rosal Milagros C. , Katz‐Wise Sabra L.
Published: January 2024

While recent research has begun to address the effects of family support on transgender and/or nonbinary youth (TNY), almost no studies have directly examined how cisgender siblings in families with TNY navigate their sibling's gender disclosure and affirmation within both their families and their larger communities. We conducted an exploratory secondary analysis of in‐person, semi‐structured interviews with 15 adolescent and young adult siblings (age 13–24 years) of TNY from the northeastern United States from the baseline wave of the community‐based, longitudinal, mixed methods Trans Teen and Family Narratives Project. Interview transcripts were analyzed using immersion/crystallization and template organizing approaches. Analyses yielded three main themes: gender‐related beliefs and knowledge, peri‐ and post‐disclosure family dynamics, and assessing responses to their sibling. Subthemes included anticipation of their sibling's TN identity, expectations post‐disclosure, participants' level of involvement in gender‐related family processes, perceptions of changes in family relationships, concern for their sibling (including a high degree of attunement to gender‐affirming name and pronoun usage), and concern for themselves. Findings from this study suggest the need to engage directly with siblings of TNY to further elucidate their intrapersonal, intra‐familial, and extra‐familial experiences related to having a TN sibling and determine their unique support needs. Implications for families, clinicians, and communities are discussed.
A crystal plastic finite element model for the effect of surface integrity on multiaxial fatigue life after multistage machining processes
Authors: Liang Jiabin , Jiao Li , Yan Pei , Song Yifan , Li Siyu , Dai Zhicheng , Wang Xibin
Published: January 2024

Surface integrity influences the material fatigue performance significantly, but most micromechanical models based on crystal plasticity only consider the microstructure of the matrix. In this paper, a crystal plastic finite element modeling method was proposed, which simultaneously considered surface roughness, residual stress, and gradual microstructure. It was verified through multiaxial fatigue experiments of materials processed by different multistage machining processes. The results show that larger axial residual compressive stress and smaller grain size can lead to higher multiaxial fatigue life. The existence of residual compressive stress causes the location of material crack initiation to decrease from the surface layer to the subsurface layer. The proposed model can predict the multiaxial fatigue life of materials within a 50% error band.
Corrosion fatigue behavior of continuous gradient porous Ti‐15Mo alloy prepared by selective laser melting
Authors: Chen Jian , Chen De , Zhou Libo , Shi Er , Chen Wei , Peng Erkang , Fan Men , Ren Yanjie , Niu Yan , Li Zhou , Li Cong
Published: January 2024

In this work, porous Ti‐15Mo scaffolds with different porosity gradient structures (uniform gradient structures [U‐BCC], level gradient structures [LG‐BCC], and vertical gradient structures [VG‐BCC]) were fabricated by selective laser melting, and the corrosion fatigue testing in Hank's solution was conducted for the first time. The fatigue strength order, when considering the same fatigue life, follows the sequence of LG‐BCC structure > U‐BCC structure > VG‐BCC structure. Cyclic ratcheting is a prominent factor leading to fatigue failure. The sequence of crack initiation and propagation in the latter stage of corrosion fatigue can be listed as follows: LG‐BCC structure < U‐BCC structure < VG‐BCC structure. During the corrosion fatigue process, the grain refinement occurs, and the deformation twinning is generated, leading to a dissipation of energy and an increase of the fatigue resistance. The corrosive effect of Hank's solution induces the surface roughening of the sample, accelerating crack initiation and propagation.
TRPS1 is a promising marker for all subtypes of breast cancer
Authors: Lui Joshua W , Tsang Julia Y , Li Joshua , Ko Chun‐Wai , Tam Fiona , Loong Thomson C‐W , Tse Gary M
Published: January 2024

Aims

Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome‐1 (TRPS1) has been proposed as a novel breast marker with equally high expression in breast cancer (BC) subtypes, making it a useful diagnostic tool. Here, its expression was evaluated alongside other commonly used markers [GATA3, GCDFP15, mammaglobin (MGB) and SOX10] in a large cohort of BCs (n = 1852) and their corresponding nodal metastases. Its usefulness as a diagnostic tool and its correlation with clinicopathological features were assessed.

Methods and results

TRPS1 was expressed at 75.8% overall in the BC cohort, with at least 58% expression among BC subtypes. It was less sensitive than GATA3 for luminal and HER2‐overexpressing (HER2‐OE) cancers (luminal A: 82 versus 97%; luminal B: 80 versus 95%; HER2‐OE: 62 versus 76%), but it was the most sensitive for TNBC (60 versus ≤ 41%). It showed a stable expression in nodal metastases (primary tumour 76 versus nodal metastasis 78%), unlike a reduced nodal expression for GATA3 (86 versus 77%). TRPS1 outperformed GATA3 in detecting non‐luminal cancers when paired with other breast markers. TRPS1 and GCDFP15 was the most sensitive combination in TNBC detection, with a 76% detection rate. For TRPS1‐negative and GCDFP15‐negative TNBCs, SOX10 was more sensitive than GATA3 (29 versus 24%).

Conclusions

TRPS1 is a highly sensitive marker for all breast cancer subtypes, outperforming GATA3 in non‐luminal cancers and displaying the highest sensitivity for TNBC detection when combined with GCDFP15. It is a valuable addition to the breast marker panel for accurate identification of BC.
Bibliometric analysis of the impact of ultra‐processed foods on the gut microbiota
Authors: Baspakova Akmaral , Bazargaliyev Yerlan Sh. , Kaliyev Asset A. , Mussin Nadiar M. , Karimsakova Bibigul , Akhmetova Saule Zh. , Tamadon Amin
Published: January 2024

The escalating demand for ultra‐processed foods poses a growing concern due to its potential adverse effects on human health. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research and review articles investigating the intricate relationship between ultra‐processed foods and the gut microbiota. Employing rigorous search strategies across Scopus and Web of Science databases, we identified 211 English‐language articles. Utilising Biblioshiny and R‐tool Bibliometrix, we analysed publication and citation trends, prominent contributors, collaborative networks and influential journals. Our investigation reveals a consistent upward trajectory in both publications and citations over the past 42 years. Notably, the articles by Chassaing et al. (Nature, 519, 2015 and 92) and Thomas et al. (Frontiers in Microbiology, 2, 2011 and 93) stand out with the highest citation counts, highlighting their impact in research and review domains. The United States emerges as a key player, leading in both citations and productivity. ‘Nutrients’ emerges as a dominant journal in disseminating knowledge in this field. Importantly, our analysis extends beyond bibliometrics to glean insights into the actual impact of ultra‐processed foods on the gut microbiota. Synthesising findings from the reviewed articles, we observe a nuanced relationship between ultra‐processed food consumption and alterations in the gut microbiota composition. While the specific ‘dry’ impact remains a focal point, our results underscore the need for targeted research to elucidate the molecular and functional implications of these dietary patterns on gut microbial communities. This 42‐year bibliometric journey underscores the increasing awareness and concern surrounding the impact of ultra‐processed foods on the gut microbiota. The rising trend in publications and citations, coupled with our nuanced insights, emphasises the continued significance of this field. Researchers, policymakers and health professionals will find our study valuable for understanding the evolving landscape and addressing the broader implications of modern dietary trends on human health.
Information sharing between the dental healthcare and child welfare services regarding child maltreatment—A repeated cross‐sectional study in Norway
Authors: Åstrøm Anne Nordrehaug , Berge Karin Goplerud , Birungi Nancy , Brattabø Ingfrid Vaksdal
Published: January 2024

Background

Little is known about dental healthcare workers reported suspected child maltreatment to and received inquiry from the child welfare services (CWS).

Aim

Assess time lag differences in public dental healthcare workers' information sharing with CWS and identify sociodemographic and attitudinal covariates of information sharing with CWS in 2014 and 2019.

Design

In 2014 and 2019, a national census of 1542 and 1791 Norwegian dental health care workers, respectively, were invited to participate in an electronic survey. Of them, 1200 (77.8%) and 1270 (70.9%) replied to the questionnaires. Time trends of reported child maltreatment and received inquiries were estimated and adjusted for sociodemographics, attitudes, trust, and collaborative routines in logistic regression analyses.

Results

The likelihood of reported child maltreatment to and received inquiry from CWS was higher in 2019 than in 2014 (OR 1.4 [95% CI 1.2–1.7] and OR 1.1 [95% CI 0.9–1.4]). Significant associations occurred with sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes, and collaborative routines. The likelihood of receiving inquiry about whether being employed long versus short term was higher in 2019 than in 2014.

Conclusion

Information sharing between dental healthcare workers and CWS improved across time and might promote beneficial outcomes.
Mathematical experience in game‐based problem‐solving
Authors: Ke Fengfeng , Dai Chih‐Pu , West Luke
Published: January 2024

Background

Game‐based learning can frame problem‐solving as a sense‐making experience with domain‐specific tasks for school students. However, multiple challenges arise when trying to support learners in such a complex, problem‐oriented learning environment.

Objectives and Methods

With an architecture‐themed mathematics learning game, we conducted two mixed‐method studies to explore the impact and design of game‐based mathematical experience on the math problem‐solving performance of middle school students.

Results and Conclusions

The study findings suggested a positive impact of game‐based math experience on math problem‐solving for middle school students. Problematization‐oriented game‐based math tasks with structuring features enhanced students' reasoning with problems and channelled it to doing mathematics.

Takeaways

The current research findings support the initiative to frame learning as a sense‐making experience with domain‐specific tasks and inform the design of game‐based mathematical experience and learning support.
The roles of sensory hyperreactivity and hyporeactivity in understanding infant fearfulness and emerging autistic traits
Authors: Narvekar Nisha , Carter Leno Virginia , Pasco Greg , Begum Ali Jannath , Johnson Mark H. , Charman Tony , Jones Emily J. H. ,   The STAARS Team
Published: January 2024

Background

Existing evidence indicates that atypical sensory reactivity is a core characteristic of autism, and has been linked to both anxiety (and its putative infant precursor of fearfulness) and repetitive behaviours. However, most work has used cross‐sectional designs and not considered the differential roles of hyperreactivity and hyporeactivity to sensory inputs, and is thus limited in specificity.

Methods

161 infants with and without an elevated likelihood of developing autism and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were followed from 10 to 36 months of age. Parents rated an infant precursor of later anxiety (fearfulness) using the Infant Behaviour Questionnaire at 10 and 14 months, and the Early Childhood Behavioural Questionnaire at 24 months, and sensory hyperreactivity and hyporeactivity at 10, 14 and 24 months using the Infant Toddler Sensory Profile. Domains of autistic traits (restrictive and repetitive behaviours; RRB, and social communication interaction, SCI) were assessed using the parent‐rated Social Responsiveness Scale at 36 months. Cross‐lagged models tested (a) paths between fearfulness and hyperreactivity at 10–24 months, and from fearfulness and hyperreactivity to later autism traits, (b) the specificity of hyperreactivity effects by including hyporeactivity as a correlated predictor.

Results

Hyperreactivity at 14 months was positively associated with fearfulness at 24 months, and hyperreactivity at 24 months was positively associated with SCI and RRB at 36 months. When hyporeactivity was included in the model, paths between hyperreactivity and fearfulness remained, but paths between hyperreactivity and autistic traits became nonsignificant.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that alterations in early sensory reactivity may increase the likelihood of showing fearfulness in infancy, and relate to later social interactions and repetitive behaviours, particularly in individuals with a family history of autism or ADHD.
Optimizing the mass marking of fish with alizarin red S: an example with glass eels
Authors: Simon Janek
Published: January 2024

Fish marking is an essential tool for fisheries management, especially for evaluating the stocking of endangered fish species to support conservation and sustainable use of fish stocks. Batch marking of young European eels Anguilla anguilla (L.) prior to stocking is recommended as the benefits of stocking for the spawning stock can be evaluated by recapturing marked fish over time, therefore mass marking of young eels with substances such as alizarin red S (ARS) is becoming increasingly important. To improve the marking method and reduce marking costs when immersing glass eels in an ARS solution, eight laboratory experiments under varying conditions (e.g., temperature, ARS concentration, immersion time, osmotic induction, fish density) and with ARS from different suppliers were carried out. The results show that optimal marking of glass eels can be carried out in the field or during transport by putting approximately 50 g of glass eels per liter in 150 mg L−1 ARS solution for 3 h at 10–15°C. Lower concentrations did not result in reliable marking. Water temperatures of 5°C and below can have a stunning effect on the eels and increase mortality significantly, regardless of the concentration of ARS. Glass eel densities below 50 g L−1 in the marking bath increase marking costs unnecessarily, while a higher density of 100 g L−1 resulted in significantly higher mortality and lower marking success. A somewhat more difficult but less expensive alternative is to bathe the fish in a saline solution of 1% (10 PSU) of 80 mg L−1 ARS for 3 h at 10°C. Costs can also be significantly reduced by choice of supplier for ARS, but care should be taken as the quality of the powder appears to vary (mean percentage of sufficiently marked eels ranged from 59% to 91% among suppliers in the present study) and can lead to marking failure. The optimal marking conditions can help ensure that stocked glass eels can be reliably identified in future studies to assess stocking benefits while reducing costs.
Hematological changes in Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) supplemented with β‐glucan and Pediococcus acidilactici synbiotic
Authors: Morgan Ashley N. , Fogelson Susan B. , Wills Paul S. , Mincer Tracy , Mejri Sahar , Page Annie
Published: January 2024

Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) are a species of growing interest for commercial aquaculture. Effective health monitoring is crucial to the successful growout of the species, and prophylactic and therapeutic use of chemicals and antibiotics has been the traditional strategy for promoting stock health. However, concerns about antimicrobial resistance, chemical residues in seafood products and the environment, and resultant immunosuppression have prompted the industry to identify alternative management strategies, including supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and combinations of both (synbiotics). The objectives of this study are to determine and compare hematological, plasma biochemical, and plasma protein electrophoresis data of synbiotic‐supplemented (β‐glucan and Pediococcus acidilactici) and non‐supplemented Florida pompano. Reference intervals for blood analytes are provided for both groups and for subgroups (females, males, large, and small fish) where statistically significant results exist. There are no differences between the hematological and plasma biochemistry analytes between the supplemented and control groups, except for blood urea nitrogen and carbon dioxide, indicating a possible effect of synbiotic supplementation on gill function and osmoregulation. Sex‐related and size‐related differences are observed within each of the control and supplemented groups; however, biometric measurements do not strongly correlate with blood analytes. These data represent baseline hematological and plasma biochemical data in the Florida pompano and indicate the safety of synbiotic supplementation in this commercially important species. This study serves to further the commercialization of Florida pompano by providing blood analyte reference intervals for health monitoring in the aquaculture setting.
Single‐session reproducibility of MR spectroscopy measures of glutathione in the mesial temporal lobe with MEGA‐PRESS
Authors: Vidyasagar Rishma , Fazollahi Amir , Desmond Patricia , Moffat Bradford , Bush Ashley I. , Ayton Scott
Published: January 2024

Background and Purpose

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measures neurochemicals in vivo. Glutathione (GSH) is a neuroprotective chemical shown to vary significantly in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This work investigates the reproducibility of GSH measures in the mesial temporal lobe (MTL) to identify its potential clinical utility.

Methods

MRS data were acquired from eight healthy volunteers (31.1 ± 5.2 years; 4 male/female) using Mescher‐Garwood‐Point Resolved Spectroscopy (MEGA‐PRESS) from the MTL in the left hemisphere across two scan sessions in the same visit. Total N‐acetylaspartate (tNAA), choline (tCho), creatine (tCr), and GSH were quantified. Reproducibility of quantifications of these neurochemicals were tested using coefficient of variance (CV) between scan sessions. Reproducibility of voxel placement on the left MTL was calculated by measuring the tissue overlap and percent of hippocampus within that voxel. CV measured across different scan sessions in each individual, with a CV<15% was accepted as “good” reproducibility. Paired t‐tests were carried out to establish the significant differences between the two scans across each individual with p<.05 as significant.

Results

TNAA (%CV = 7.2; p = .5), tCr (%CV = 7.8; p = .6) and tCho (%CV = 9.3; p = .4), and GSH (%CV = 22; p = .1). The dice coefficient that reflects the level of overlap of hippocampal tissue in the voxel was shown to be 0.8 ± 0.1. Voxel tissue composition were: Scan 1 (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]: 5 ± 1%, white matter [WM]: 52 ± 3%, gray matter [GM]: 43 ± 3%); Scan 2 (CSF: 5 ± 1%, WM: 52 ± 4%, GM: 44 ± 4%).

Conclusion

The data suggest measures of abundant metabolites in the MTL using the MEGA‐PRESS sequence has a high reproducibility. Reproducibility of GSH in this area was poorer requiring care when interpreting measures of GSH in the MTL for clinical translational purposes.
Involvement of Phytophthora citrophthora and Phytophthora nicotianae in severe decline and gummosis of grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi Macfad.) in southern Türkiye
Authors: Kurbetli İlker
Published: January 2024

Since the summer of 2020, severe decline and gummosis were observed on 20‐ to 30‐year‐old grapefruit trees cv. Star Ruby in Antalya province in the Western Mediterranean region of Türkiye. Grapefruit trees were examined in affected commercial orchards in Aksu, Manavgat, Muratpaşa and Serik counties, located near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Symptomatic trees exhibited leaf discoloration, defoliation and severe dieback, as well as dark, water‐soaked lesions with gum exudates, characteristic of Phytophthora infections, formed on the bark of the main stem and major limbs. No Phytophthora species could be isolated from these bark tissues, while two were obtained from soil samples taken from around symptomatic trees. Based on morphological characteristics, isolates were identified as P. citrophthora and P. nicotianae. Identifications were confirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the cytochrome oxidase I (cox1) gene regions. Pathogenicity tests, carried out by inoculations of the main stems and branches of grapefruit seedlings cv. Star Ruby indicated that both species were pathogenic. All P. citrophthora and P. nicotianae isolates obtained in this work were sensitive to mefenoxam. EC50 values of P. citrophthora isolates were between 0.284 and 0.285 μg mL−1, whereas those of P. nicotianae were between 0.288 and 0.291 μg mL−1. Phytophthora citrophthora was previously known to cause disease on citrus in Türkiye, but this is the first report of P. nicotianae causing citrus gummosis in the country. Because P. nicotianae is more widespread than P. citrophthora, it should be considered a threat to citrus cultivation in this region of Türkiye.
Natural occurrence of cucumber mosaic virus infecting Adenium obesum plants in Brazil
Authors: Bello Vinicius Henrique , Carpim Larissa , Yuki Valdir Atsushi , Beserra Júnior José Evando Aguiar , Nagata Tatsuya , Rezende Jorge Alberto Marques , Kitajima Elliot Watanabe
Published: January 2024

In 2022, virus‐like symptoms were observed in Adenium obesum plants in Brazil. High‐throughput sequencing analysis found three contig sequences of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) genome segments, which were of 3352, 3006 and 2221 nucleotides, and shared 98.59%, 95.02% and 98.05% nucleotide identities with the nucleotide sequences of CMV RNAs 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein gene indicated that the CMV isolate belongs to the subgroup IB. Symptoms of mottle like those observed in the field samples were reproduced on mechanically inoculated plants of A. obesum, and RT‐PCR confirmed the CMV infection. CMV was transmitted by Aphis gossypii to A. obesum plants. This is the first report of CMV infecting A. obesum plants in Brazil.
Association between dental visits during pregnancy and setting for prenatal care
Authors: Byrappagari Divesh , Cohn Lisa , Sailor Lindsay , Clark Sarah
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) may be well positioned to facilitate dental visits during pregnancy for low‐income women. We sought to compare receipt of dental visits during pregnancy for women who received prenatal care at an FQHC versus a non‐FQHC setting.

Methods

We analyzed Michigan Medicaid administrative data for all live birth deliveries between April 2018 and December 2020. We used billing data to categorize the predominant setting for prenatal care as occurring at a FQHC or a non‐FQHC and claims data to identify dental visits during pregnancy (in the 9 months prior to delivery). We employed bivariate and multivariate analyses to explore the relationship between setting for prenatal care and dental visits during pregnancy.

Results

Women who received prenatal care at an FQHC versus non‐FQHC had a higher proportion of dental visits during pregnancy (31.85% vs. 19.37%, p < 0.0001). In multivariate analyses, the strongest predictors of having a dental visit during pregnancy were FQHC prenatal care setting, having a dental emergency visit, having ≥3 prenatal visits, and having Medicaid coverage throughout pregnancy. Hispanic or Black race/ethnicity and 2020 delivery year were predictors of a lower likelihood of a dental visit. These predictors were consistent for the overall population and for the subset who had no dental visits pre‐pregnancy.

Conclusion

Medicaid‐enrolled women who receive prenatal care at an FQHC are more likely to have a dental visit during pregnancy than their counterparts who receive prenatal care in a non‐FQHC setting.
A good neighbor, a found treasure: Do local neighbors affect corporate innovation?
Authors: Cao Shaopeng , Cui Xin , Liao Jing , Wang Chunfeng , Yao Shouyu
Published: January 2024

This study examines whether local neighbors operating in different industries affect corporate innovation engagement. Based on mimetic isomorphism theory, we find that innovative local neighbors can serve as a social reference group for corporations to build legitimacy and guide corporations' mimetic innovation behavior. Our results remain robust after controlling for endogeneity by employing various methods. More importantly, our mechanism analysis indicates that local government activism is crucial to promote mimetic innovation behavior in a region. Our study provides a valid mechanism to explain the emergence of highly innovative cities that agglomerate across industry boundaries. Our research makes two key contributions to the literature. First, our study contributes to the literature on corporate innovation clustering by adding new evidence of the mimetic effects in corporate innovation across industries. Different from the industrial peer effects in innovation, which address the industrial peer effects through the lenses of competitiveness and information dissemination, our results highlight that mimetic isomorphism explains the regional effects of mimicry on corporate innovation. We find strong evidence indicating that firms imitate the innovation behaviors of their local neighbors, and this tendency is most plausibly explained by the incentives associated with acquiring legitimacy. Second, our findings clarify the mimetic behaviors in corporate innovation by extending the theory of mimetic isomorphism. We link local government activism to mimetic isomorphism from the psychological and sociological perspectives. In particular, our results indicate that local governments can implement activism through the psychological and sociological mechanisms illustrated in this study. Those “soft” mechanisms initiated by government contribute to a better understanding of the regional effects of mimicry on corporate innovation.
Treatment of onychomycosis in an era of antifungal resistance: Role for antifungal stewardship and topical antifungal agents
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Elewski Boni , Joseph Warren S. , Lipner Shari R. , Daniel C. Ralph , Tosti Antonella , Guenin Eric , Ghannoum Mahmoud
Published: January 2024

A growing body of literature has marked the emergence and spread of antifungal resistance among species of Trichophyton, the most prevalent cause of toenail and fingernail onychomycosis in the United States and Europe. We review published data on rates of oral antifungal resistance among Trichophyton species; causes of antifungal resistance and methods to counteract it; and in vitro data on the role of topical antifungals in the treatment of onychomycosis. Antifungal resistance among species of Trichophyton against terbinafine and itraconazole—the two most common oral treatments for onychomycosis and other superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes—has been detected around the globe. Fungal adaptations, patient characteristics (e.g., immunocompromised status; drug–drug interactions), and empirical diagnostic and treatment patterns may contribute to reduced antifungal efficacy and the development of antifungal resistance. Antifungal stewardship efforts aim to ensure proper antifungal use to limit antifungal resistance and improve clinical outcomes. In the treatment of onychomycosis, critical aspects of antifungal stewardship include proper identification of the fungal infection prior to initiation of treatment and improvements in physician and patient education. Topical ciclopirox, efinaconazole and tavaborole, delivered either alone or in combination with oral antifungals, have demonstrated efficacy in vitro against susceptible and/or resistant isolates of Trichophyton species, with low potential for development of antifungal resistance. Additional real‐world long‐term data are needed to monitor global rates of antifungal resistance and assess the efficacy of oral and topical antifungals, alone or in combination, in counteracting antifungal resistance in the treatment of onychomycosis.
Understanding clinical outcomes and factors influencing mortality in intensive care unit patients with COVID‐19‐associated candidemia
Authors: Aydın Selda , Mert Ali , Yılmaz Mesut , Al Maslamani Muna , Rahimi Bilal Ahmad , Ayoade Folusakin , El‐Kholy Amani , Belitova Maya , Sengel Buket Erturk , Jalal Sabah , Albayrak Ayşe , Alatawi Jamayel Adnan , Szabo Balint Gergely , Ganeshan Ramesh Shankar , Nsutebu Emmanuel , Poojary Aruna , Akkoyunlu Yasemin , Alkan Sevil , Elik Dilşah Başkol , Eser‐Karlidag Gulden , Santos Lurdes , Moroti Ruxandra , Altın Nilgün , Gürbüz Esra , Ulusoy Tülay Ünver , Sipahi Oğuz Reşat , Çaşkurlu Hülya , Esmaoğlu Aliye , Lakatos Botond , El‐Sayed Nagwa Mostafa , Marıno Andrea , Cascio Antonio , Mihai Alexandru , Dumitru Irina Magdalena , Pshenichnaya Natalia , Ripon Rezaul Karim , Makek Mateja Jankovic , Rashid Naveed , Baljić Rusmir , Dascalu Cosmin , Sincan Gülden , Kızmaz Yeşim Uygun , Madendere Berk , Erdem Hakan
Published: January 2024

Background

During the COVID pandemic, research has shown an increase in candidemia cases following severe COVID infection and the identification of risk factors associated with candidemia. However, there is a lack of studies that specifically explore clinical outcomes and mortality rates related to candidemia after COVID infection.

Objectives

The aim of this international study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and identify factors influencing mortality in patients who developed candidemia during their COVID infection.

Patients/Methods

This study included adult patients (18 years of age or older) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and diagnosed with COVID‐associated candidemia (CAC). The research was conducted through ID‐IRI network and in collaboration with 34 medical centres across 18 countries retrospectively, spanning from the beginning of the COVID pandemic until December 2021.

Results

A total of 293 patients diagnosed with CAC were included. The median age of the patients was 67, and 63% of them were male. The most common Candida species detected was C. albicans. The crude 30‐day mortality rate was recorded at 62.4%. The logistic regression analysis identified several factors significantly impacting mortality, including age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.07, p < .0005), SOFA score (OR 1.307, 95% CI 1.17–1.45, p < .0005), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 7.95, 95% CI 1.44–43.83, p < .017) and duration of mechanical ventilation (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–0.99, p < .020).

Conclusions

By recognising these prognostic factors, medical professionals can customise their treatment approaches to offer more targeted care, leading to improved patient outcomes and higher survival rates for individuals with COVID‐associated candidemia.
Focal 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: A report of two cases
Authors: Hayashida Hitoshi , Masaki Katsuhisa , Ogata Hidenori , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Tanaka Koji , Arimura Koichi , Maruoka Yasuhiro , Kikuchi Kazufumi , Togao Osamu , Yamasaki Ryo , Isobe Noriko
Published: January 2024

Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) shows longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions mimicking neoplastic or inflammatory myelopathy. On positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), we report two patients who showed focal 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions. These lesions were indistinguishable from tumors or myelitis but were finally diagnosed as SDAVF. Although PET/CT availability may be limited, in cases of myelopathy with diagnostic challenges, it is important to recognize that focal FDG uptake can be observed in SDAVF.
HLS1 promotes apical hook formation by regulating YUCCA8 and GH3.17 expression differently in the inner and outer side of the hook in cotton
Authors: Kong Xiangqiang , Zhou Jingyuan , Li Xue , Liu Cuimei , Chu Jinfang , Zhang Hui , Dong Hezhong
Published: January 2024

HOOKLESS1 (HLS1) plays an indispensable role in apical hook development by promoting asymmetric auxin distribution in the hook. However, the precise mechanisms by which HLS1 regulates the differential gene expression in the inner and outer sides of the apical hook to promote this asymmetric auxin distribution remains unknown. The inner and outer sides of the cotton apical hook were separated for gene sequencing to search for differently expressed auxin‐related genes. Then, the GhYUCCA8 and GhGH3.17 genes, which are highly expressed in the inner and outer side, respectively, as well as GhHLS1, were silenced by the SSA‐VIGS method to study their interaction and function on auxin asymmetric distribution and hook formation. The hook formation was inhibited in the VIGS‐GhHLS1, VIGS‐GhYUCCA8 and VIGS‐GhGH3.17 seedlings. Silencing GhHLS1 decreased the expression of GhYUCCA8 on the inner side but increased the expression of GhGH3.17 on the outer side of the apical hook, which weakened the auxin asymmetric distribution in the hook. Our results indicated that the high expression of GhHLS1 in the inner side caused high expression of GhYUCCA8 and GhGh3.17 in the inner and outer side of the apical hook, respectively, which caused the gradient of free auxin between the inner and outer side and ultimately promoted apical hook formation.
Personalized tendon loading reduces muscle‐tendon imbalances in male adolescent elite athletes
Authors: Domroes Theresa , Weidlich Kolja , Bohm Sebastian , Mersmann Falk , Arampatzis Adamantios
Published: January 2024

An imbalanced adaptation of muscle strength and tendon stiffness in response to training may increase tendon strain (i.e., the mechanical demand on the tendon) and consequently tendon injury risk. This study investigated if personalized tendon loading inducing tendon strain within the effective range for adaptation (4.5%–6.5%) can reduce musculotendinous imbalances in male adolescent handball athletes (15–16 years). At four measurement time points during a competitive season, we assessed knee extensor muscle strength and patellar tendon mechanical properties using dynamometry and ultrasonography and estimated the tendon's structural integrity with a peak spatial frequency (PSF) analysis of proximal tendon ultrasound scans. A control group (n = 13) followed their usual training routine, an intervention group (n = 13) integrated tendon exercises into their training (3x/week for ~31 weeks) with a personalized intensity corresponding to an average of ~6.2% tendon strain. We found a significant time by group interaction (p < 0.005) for knee extensor muscle strength and normalized patellar tendon stiffness with significant increases over time only in the intervention group (p < 0.001). There were no group differences or time‐dependent changes in patellar tendon strain during maximum voluntary contractions or PSF. At the individual level, the intervention group demonstrated lower fluctuations of maximum patellar tendon strain during the season (p = 0.005) and a descriptively lower frequency of athletes with high‐level tendon strain (≥9%). The findings suggest that the personalized tendon loading program reduced muscle‐tendon imbalances in male adolescent athletes, which may provide new opportunities for tendon injury prevention.
Excluded workers and exempted employers: A qualitative study on domestic workers' access to social protection in the Netherlands
Authors: de Kort David , Bekker Sonja
Published: January 2024

In the Netherlands, many part‐time domestic workers fall within the scope of a particular type of labour law, that gives them fewer social protection rights and that renders private actors (households and workers) responsible for exercising those rights. Over the years, this policy has been criticised for institutionalising the differential treatment of domestic workers, which goes against ideas propagated in international initiatives, like the European Pillar of Social Rights. This contribution explores Dutch domestic workers' access to social protection in greater detail. Drawing on semi‐structured interviews with 30 domestic workers, we show that the actual access to social protection greatly varies over different workers and over different employment relationships of individual workers, but generally falls below par. Our findings indicate that this is partly due to the fact that the Dutch policy option underestimates domestic workers' wariness of placing demands on the households they work for, which raises questions over the desirability of non‐mediated employment relationships in the sector. We conclude with a brief discussion and suggestions for future policy directions.
Digital labour platforms and social dialogue at EU level: How new players redefine actors and their roles and what this means for collective bargaining
Authors: Piasna Agnieszka
Published: January 2024

Digital labour platforms transform work and employment relations in many ways. Crucially, they renounce the role of the employer, leading to a redefinition of traditional categories of actors and their roles in social policy and dialogue. Using the example of the EU proposal for a directive on improving working conditions in platform work, this article examines how this redefinition is materialising in practice among social partners in order to understand its implications for the future of social dialogue and legislation. While previous research focused on the status of workers, this study takes a complementary view by considering the employer side as a key counterpart in a functioning employment relationship. The actor‐approach is used to analyse the views and positions of EU social partners and how their prerogatives are affected by the blurring of the role of the employer and the redefinition of traditional categories of actors in social policy.
A bibliometrics study on the status quo and hot topics of pathogenesis of psoriasis based on Web of Science
Authors: Yang Yujie , Zheng Xuwei , Lv Haiying , Tang Bin , Bi Yang , Luo Qianqian , Yao Danni , Chen Haiming , Lu Chuanjian
Published: January 2024

Background

Psoriasis is an immune‐mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease. Great progress has been made in the pathogenesis of psoriasis in recent years, but there is no bibliometric study on the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The purpose of this study was to use bibliometrics method to analyze the research overview and hot spots of pathogenesis of psoriasis in recent 10 years, so as to further understand the development trend and frontier of this field.

Methods

The core literatures on the pathogenesis of psoriasis were searched in the Web of Science database, and analyzed by VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix in terms of the annual publication volume, country, institution, author, journal, keywords, and so on.

Results

A total of 3570 literatures were included. China and the United States were the main research countries in this field, and Rockefeller University was the main research institution. Krueger JG, the author, had the highest number of publications and the greatest influence, and Boehncke (2015) was the most cited local literature. J INVEST DERMATOL takes the top spot in terms of the number of Dermatol articles and citation frequency. The main research hotspots in the pathogenesis of psoriasis are as follows: (1) The interaction between innate and adaptive immunity and the related inflammatory loop dominated by Th17 cells and IL‐23/IL‐17 axis are still the key mechanisms of psoriasis; (2) molecular genetic studies represented by Long Non‐Coding RNA (LncRNA); (3) integrated research of multi‐omics techniques represented by gut microbiota; and (4) Exploring the comorbidity mechanism of psoriasis represented by Metabolic Syndrome (MetS).

Conclusion

This study is a summary of the current research status and hot trend of the pathogenesis of psoriasis, which will provide some reference for the scholars studying the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
An exploratory study of obstetrics trainees' experiences of breaking bad news
Authors: Julius V. , McCarthy G.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Breaking bad news is one of the hardest tasks performed by doctors. The news can significantly impact on the patient's life; however, the process also generates stress for the doctor. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of breaking bad news for obstetrics trainees in Ireland.

Methods

A qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was performed to capture the experience of breaking bad news for the trainees. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with trainees over Zoom. The transcripts were analysed in line with the IPA framework with the assistance of NVivo software.

Results

Seven trainees were interviewed, five at Basic Specialist Training (BST) level and two at Higher Specialist Training (HST) level. Four superordinate themes were identified from the analysis: “the reality of working in obstetrics,” “the role of the doctor,” “development of communication skills” and “the importance of the patient experience.” The trainees described breaking bad news in a variety of clinical contexts. This task could be emotionally draining; however, only two trainees mentioned ways of coping with this. Their formal training was limited with the majority of learning occurring “on the job.”

Conclusions

This study provides an insight into factors that influence trainees experiences of breaking bad news. The results complemented existing literature and raised questions about how to better support trainees through increased training and psychological support.
Visual Perception Principles in Constellation Creation
Authors: Kelly Bridget A. , Kemp Charles , Little Daniel R. , Hamacher Duane , Cropper Simon J.
Published: January 2024

Many cultures share common constellations and common narratives about the stars in the night sky. Previous research has shown that this overlap in asterisms, minimal star groupings inside constellations, is clearly present across 27 distinct culture groups and can be explained in part by properties of individual stars (brightness) and properties of pairs of stars (proximity) (Kemp, Hamacher, Little, & Cropper, 2022). The same work, however, found no evidence that properties of triples (angle) and quadruples (good continuation) predicted constellation formation. We developed a behavioral experiment to explore how individuals form constellations under conditions that reduce cultural learning. We found that participants independently selected and connected similar stars, and that their responses were predicted by two properties of triples (angle and even spacing) in addition to the properties of brightness and proximity supported by previous work. Our findings lend further evidence to the theory that commonality of constellations across cultures is not a result of shared human history but rather stems from shared human nature.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SMART BLUETOOTH BASED AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH CHANGEOVER FOR SMALL HOUSEHOLD GENERATORS
Authors: Oderinde David Moboluwatan , Afolayan Matthew Olatunde , Yawas Danjuma Saleh , Samuel Bassey Okon
Published: January 2024

The necessity to develop a cost-effective, smooth, and secure method to automate switching between different power sources resulted in this study. The paper proposes the use of an automatic transfer switch, which automatically switches between the utility power supply and a backup generator, to ensure uninterrupted power supply. The study aims to develop a cost-effective and secure system that utilizes an android device for remote control and monitoring of the power-generating unit. By employing Bluetooth technology, the study eliminates the delays and errors associated with manual source switching. The research specifically focuses on creating an automatic transfer switch compatible with 5 KVA key starter power generators and developing an android application for remote control within a 10-meter Bluetooth range. The system uses electromechanical and solid-state relays for the generator's start/stop sequence and power transmission, respectively.
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT EGGSHELL-SILICONE BIOCOMPOSITE UNDER UNIAXIAL TENSILE LOADING
Authors: Azmi Nurul Nadiah , Gabrielle Marygrace Yong Poquita , Mohd Noor Nurul Muthmainnah , Hasnul Hisham Mohammad Hasmee Azmee
Published: January 2024

Chicken eggshells are a major waste product in almost every country due to their extensive use as eggs are used in millions of household and industries. As a result, managing these waste products has become challenging as they not only occupy space in landfills but also release greenhouse gasses decomposition. In recent years efforts have been made to develop new materials using sustainable sources such as biocomposites. This study aims to fabricate eggshell silicone biocomposites and examine its behaviour under uniaxial tensile loading. This study consisted of two phases: fabrication of eggshell silicone biocomposite and mechanical testing under uniaxial tensile with 50 kN.  During the first phase; eggshells were washed, sterilized, and crushed into powder form. Subsequently, they were mixed with silicone at different eggshell powder content (e.g., 5, 10 and 15 wt.%). In the second phase, the specimens underwent uniaxial tensile strength. The ultimate tensile strength increases from 0.43772 MPa to 0.47331 MPa from 5 wt.% to 10 wt.%. However, it decreases to 0.42535 MPa when reaches 15 wt.% eggshell weight.  This study is in line with previous study that uses Arengga Pinnata silicone biocomposite.