bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Curing and Healing: Medical Anthropology in Global Perspective; Everyday Spirits and Medical Interventions: Ethnographic and Historical Notes on Therapeutic Conventions in Zanzibar Town; Some Spirits Heal, Others Only Dance: A Journey into Human Selfhood in an African Village; The Straight Path of the Spirit: Ancestral Wisdom and Healing Traditions in Fiji; Healing Makes Our Hearts Happy: Spirituality and Cultural Transformations among the Ju!'hoansi
Authors: Samuelsen Helle
Published: November 2004

Curing and Healing: Medical Anthropology in Global Perspective. Andrew Strathern and Pamela J. Stewart. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 1999. vii+224 pp.

Everyday Spirits and Medical Interventions: Ethnographic and Historical Notes on Therapeutic Conventions in Zanzibar Town. Tapio Nisula. Saarijanjarvi: Transactions of the Finnish Anthropological Society 43,1999. 321 pp.

Some Spirits Heal, Others Only Dance:. Journey into Human Selfhood in an African Village. Roy Willis with K. B. S. Chisanga. H. M. K. Sikazwe. Kapembwa B. Sikazwe. and Sylvia Nanyangwe .Oxford: Berg, 1999. xii. 220pp.

The Straight Path of the Spirit: Ancestral Wisdom and Healing Traditions in Fiji. Richard Katz. Rochester, VT. Park Street Press, 1999.413 pp.

Healing Makes Our Hearts Happy: Spirituality and Cultural Transformations among the Ju!'hoansi. Richard Katz. Megan Biesele. and Verna St. Denis. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions, 1997. xxv. 213 pp.
Handbook of Social Studies in Health and Medicine
Authors: Baer Roberta D.
Published: November 2004

Handbook of Social Studies in Health and Medicine. Gary L. Albrecht. Ray Fitzpatrick. and Susan C. Scrimshaw. eds. London: SAGE Publications, 2000. xxvii. 545 pp.
Interpretations of Condom Use and Nonuse among Young Norwegian Gay Men: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Middelthon Anne‐Lise
Published: November 2004

Among the strategies adopted by gay men and the gay community for HIV prevention, the promotion of condom use has been pivotal. This article discusses young gay Norwegian men's interpretations of condom use and nonuse. Meanings mediated by (non)use of condoms are meanings in the making rather than antecedently and inalterably fixed. How young gay men interpret (non)use of condoms varies with and depends upon context or relationship. In this article, young men's readings of(non)use of condoms are discussed in the contexts of (anal) sex; surrender to pleasure; semen and intimacy; and respect, disrespect, and humiliation. How condom use functions as a sign for both trust and mistrust also is discussed. [young gay men, HIV, condom, semiotics]
The Sociopolitical Status of U.S. Naturopathy at the Dawn of the 21st Century
Authors: Baer Hans A.
Published: November 2004

Naturopathic medicine in the United States had its inception around the turn of the 20th century. Subsequently, it underwent a process of relatively rapid growth until around the 1930s, followed by a period of gradual decline almost to the point of extinction due to biomedical opposition and the advent of "miracle drugs." Because its therapeutic eclecticism had preadapted it to fit into the holistic health movement that emerged in the 1970s, it was able to undergo a process of organizational rejuvenation during the last two decades of the century. Nevertheless, U.S. naturopathy as a professionalized heterodox medical system faces several dilemmas as it enters the new millennium. These include (1) the fact that it has succeeded in obtaining licensure in only two sections of the country, namely, the Far West and New England; (2) increasing competition from partially professionalized and lay naturopaths, many of whom are graduates of correspondence schools; and (3) the danger of cooptation as many biomedical practitioners adopt natural therapies, [naturopathy, alternative medicine, medical pluralism]
A Comparison of Health Complaints of Settled and Nomadic Turkana Men
Authors: Barkey Nanette L. , Campbell Benjamin C. , Leslie Paul W.
Published: November 2004

This article examines the health complaints of settled and nomadic Ngisonyoka Turkana of northwest Kenya. Samples of 152 nomadic and 124 settled men, aged 14 and over, were surveyed about their health status. The general pattern of disease reported concurs with previous studies of health among Turkana; that is, the primary complaints are respiratory tract infections and eye infections. The settled Turkana reported more severe complaints and higher rates of infectious disease than the nomads, including a significantly higher frequency of cold with cough, eye infection, and chest infection. Although the settled males as a group had slightly higher body mass index and other measures of body fat than the nomadic group, none of these indicators of body composition were predictive of health complaints. Observed differences in health patterns are possibly related to differences in dietary composition, exposure to pathogens associated with population density and environmental pollution, physical activity patterns, and psychosocial stress, [sedentarization, epidemiologic transition, nutrition and health, Turkana, pastoralists]
The Tempering of Medical Anthropology: Troubling Natural Categories
Authors: Lock Margaret
Published: November 2004

This article reviews an approach in medical anthropology that commenced in the early 1980s and that continues to the present day in which biomedical knowledge and practices are systematically incorporated into anthropological analyses. Discussion then focuses on contributions made by feminists and medical anthropologists to the literature on medicalization and resistance, illustrating how the ethnographic approach has been crucial in critically reconceptualizing and situating these concepts historically and cross‐culturally. The concept of local biologies is introduced in the third section of the article in creating the argument that the coproduction of biologies and cultures contributes to embodied experience, which, in turn, shapes discourse about the body. Subjective reporting at menopause provides an illustrative case study of local biologies in action. The final part of the article takes up the question of the moral economy of scientific knowledge. Comparative ethnographic work in intensive care units in Japan and North America reveals how a moral economy is put into practice in connection with brain‐dead bodies and the procurement of organs from them. Medical anthropological contributions policy making about biomedical technologies is briefly considered in closing, [formation of medical anthropology, medicalization, resistance, local biologies, moral economy of science]
The Elusive Embryo: How Men and Women Approach New Reproductive Technologies; Ideologies and Technologies of Motherhood: Race, Class, Sexuality, Nationalism
Authors: Paxson Heather
Published: November 2004

The Elusive Embryo: How Men and Women Approach New Reproductive Technologies. Gay Becker. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.x. 320 pp.

Ideologies and Technologies of Motherhood: Race, Class, Sexuality, Nationalism. Heléna Ragoné and France Winddance Twine. eds. New York: Routledge, 2000. xvii. 330 pp.
Bioethics in Social Context
Authors: Ford Paul J.
Published: November 2004

Bioethics in Social Context. Barry Hoffmaster. ed. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2001.vii. 234 pp.
Giving Birth to Gonolia: "Culture" and Sexually Transmitted Disease among the Huli of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Wardlow Holly
Published: November 2004

The "culture concept" has been challenged on a number of fronts, both by medical anthropologists researching AIDS and in the discipline of cultural anthropology more generally. Medical anthropologists have argued against the "etiologization" of culture, and cultural anthropologists have taken issue with the tendency to treat beliefs and practices as static and seamlessly shared. Using the narrative of one Huli woman's shifting explanation of a diagnosis of syphilis, this article argues that, rather than avoid the notion of culture, we should strive for representations that demonstrate how individuals use discourses in expedient, ad hoc, and yet deeply felt ways. This article also argues for the importance of a sociology of knowledge approach to understanding local notions of etiology. The woman's understanding of her situation was strongly influenced by her entry into a new "community" of women who had similarly been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease. [Papua New Guinea, sexually transmitted disease, gender, etiology]
The Role and Meaning of Susto in Mexican Americans' Explanatory Model of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Poss Jane , Jezewski Mary Ann
Published: November 2004

This article examines the role and meaning of susto (fright) in Mexican Americans' explanatory model (EM) of type 2 diabetes. This analysis is based on a study of the health beliefs about type 2 diabetes mellitus among Mexican Americans living in El Paso County, Texas, on the U.S.‐Mexico border. Susto was described as an event that could change the bodily state, causing a susceptible person to be more vulnerable to the onset of type 2 diabetes after some unspecified time. The study results illustrate the integration of multiple etiologies into Mexican Americans' EMs of diabetes and illustrate how the environment affects the way in which these explanations are manifested. Acculturation of biomedical system beliefs into the traditional Mexican health belief system has resulted in a synthesis of both systems and a blending of the participants' explanation of type 2 diabetes, [explanatory models, type 2 diabetes, Mexican Americans, health beliefs, susto]
Narrative and the Cultural Construction of Illness and Healing
Authors: Delmouzou Efrossyni
Published: November 2004

Narrative and the Cultural Construction of Illness and Healing. Cheryl Mattingly and Linda C. Garro. eds. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. ix. 270pp.
"Being Alive Well": Health and the Politics of Cree Well‐Being.
Authors: Pollock Donald
Published: November 2004

"Being Alive Well": Health and the Politics of Cree Well‐Being. Naomi Adelson. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. ix. 141 pp.
Articulating Silences: Experiential and Biomedical Constructions of Hypertension Symptomatology
Authors: Schoenberg Nancy E. , Drew Elaine M.
Published: November 2004

In this article, we explore the flexible configuration of a local knowledge system about hypertension symptoms, foregrounding it against prevailing biomedical assertions regarding the asymptomatic or "silent" nature of hypertension. The complex and coherent knowledge system held by older African Americans living in a southern, rural community stands in contrast to the current scientific discourse and local biomedical perspectives on hypertension symptomatology. The older African American participants in this study apply local knowledge of hypertension symptomatology to make health decisions nearly every day. Despite this, most biomedical practitioners maintain a distance from these lay sources of knowledge, often remaining stalwart in their refusal to recognize the existence or influence of symptoms. We conclude that authoritative knowledge ultimately lies in the minds and bodies of the elders, who have encountered symptoms as guideposts that direct action, rather than with a biomedical "reality" that is yet unresolved, [hypertension, knowledge, symptomatology, treatment decision–making, African Americans]
Invoking Vali: Painful Technologies of Modern Birth in South India
Authors: Hollen Cecilia Van
Published: November 2004

As reproduction becomes increasingly biomedicalized throughout the globe, reproductive technologies are used in unique ways and imbued with different meanings. This article explores why lower–class women in south India in the 1990s were demanding to have childbirth labors induced with oxytocin drugs while rejecting anesthesia. Cultural constructions women's reproductive power are evoked and reworked in discourses of modernity that explain this preference. Discourses on relationships among gender, pain, and modernity relate to political—economic constraints on hospitals to perpetuate this practice, [modernity; reproductive technologies; gender; India]
Why Am I Not Disabled? Making State Subjects, Making Statistics in Post‐;Mao China
Authors: Kohrman Matthew
Published: November 2004

In this article I examine how and why disability was defined and statistically quantified by China's party‐state in the late 1980s. I describe the unfolding of a particular epidemiological undertaking—China's 1987 National Sample Survey of Disabled Persons—as well as the ways the survey was an extension of what Ian Hacking has called modernity's "avalanche of numbers." I argue that, to a large degree, what fueled and shaped the 1987 survey's codification and quantification of disability was how Chinese officials were incited to shape their own identities as they negotiated an array of social, political, and ethical forces, which were at once national and transnational in orientation, [disability, China, epidemiology, biopower, identity]
Risk and Danger among Women‐Who‐Prostitute in Areas where Farmworkers Predominate
Authors: Bletzer Keith V.
Published: November 2004

Based on ethnographic research in three agricultural settings in Florida, this article examines one aspect of risk ana danger for female sex workers, that of interpersonal violence, while considering women's responses to a shifting sex trade in areas where farmworkers live and work. Sex work in agricultural areas varies from urban sex work. Women eschew pimps, ask for backup from local men entrenched in street settings, and canvass a wide spatial area rather than remained fixed in space. Oscillating between periods of capital‐deficiency (nonseason) and capital‐intensification (harvest), women respond to increasing risk and danger by building a clientele of regular customers, refusing risky transactions and referrals, and creating a local infrastructure of sanctuary. Some women also construct schemes to relieve men of their money. These men typically are farmworkers, whose vulnerability and image of low riskfor HIVexpands the potential for risk and danger found in these settings, [commercial sex work, migrant and seasonal farmworkers, violence against women, southeastern United States {Florida}]
Why Nation‐States and Journalists Can't Teach People to Be Healthy: Power and Pragmatic Miscalculation in Public Discourses on Health
Authors: Briggs Charles L.
Published: November 2004

This article analyzes how Venezuelan public health officials collaborated with journalists in producing information about cholera in January– December 1991. It uses Michael Warner's (2002) observation that such public discourse involves a contradiction: it must project the image of reaching an actually existing public at the same time that it creates multiple publics as it circulates. The analysis explores the language ideologies that hide complex sets of practices, networks, and material conditions that shape how public discourses circulate. At the same time that epidemiologists targeted poor barrio residents, street vendors of food and drink, and indigenous people as being "at high risk," health education messages pictured women in well‐equipped kitchens demonstrating cholera prevention measures. The gap between these ideal audiences and the discrepant publics created by their circulation limited the effectiveness of prevention efforts and created a substantial chasm between public health institutions and publics they sought to reach, [public discourse, epidemics, health education, social inequality, Latin America]
The Health Consequences of Female Circumcision: Science, Advocacy, and Standards of Evidence
Authors: Obermeyer Carla Makhlouf
Published: November 2004

This two‐part article addresses questions that have arisen in current debates on the health consequences of female circumcision. The first part responds to a critique of a 1999 article and focuses on three major points: the role of research and advocacy in discussions of harmful effects, the sort of evidence that is appropriate for measuring health effects, and the way in which different disciplines—demography, epidemiology, and anthropology—are brought together to analyze data on health consequences. The second part of the article reviews published sources and provides an update on their results. It shows that few studies are appropriately designed to measure health effects, that circumcision is associated with significantly higher risks of a few well‐defined complications, but that for other possible complications the evidence does not show significant differences, [female genital mutilation, female genital cutting, circumcision, health consequences, advocacy, evidence, multidisciplinary]
Using Home Gardens to Decipher Health and Healing in the Andes.
Authors: Finerman Ruthbeth , Sackett Ross
Published: November 2004

Home gardens are a pervasive component of Andean agricultural systems, but have been ignored in anthropological and agronomic research. Recent research in the indigenous community of Saraguro, Ecuador, employed a combination of in‐depth interviews, free‐listing, videotaped walk‐throughs, and mapping to explore the role of home gardens, which are established and controlled by women. Findings reveal that, although gardens offer multiple benefits, they are overwhelmingly devoted to the cultivation of medicinal plants, operating as de facto medicine cabinets that supply women with most of the resources they need to treat family illnesses. Results also suggest that the natural history of home gardens mirrors transformations within the family, and that Saraguro women study the contents of their neighbors' gardens, using this knowledge as a foundation for deciphering the owners' economic and health status. New threats to the sustainability of home gardens threaten the foundation of Saraguro's ethnomedical system and women's authority in the home and community. [ethnobotany, gardens, Ecuador, women healers, family health]
Life Exposed: Biological Citizenship after Chernobyl
Authors: Rivkin‐Fish Michele
Published: November 2004

Life Exposed: Biological Citizenship after Chernobyl. Adriana Petryna. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002. xvii. 264 pp.
Traditional Healing and Its Discontents: Efficacy and Traditional Therapies of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Bali
Authors: Lemelson Robert Bush
Published: November 2004

In a discussion of patients suffering from obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or Tourettes's Syndrome (TS), in Bali, Indonesia, traditional healing and psychiatric perspectives are used to highlight the power and weakness of each to treat these conditions. Given they are drawn from the same culture, should not indigenous explanatory models provide meaning and be more efficacious at relieving the suffering of people with OCD and TS‐like symptoms? What if they provide an understandable meaning for patients but these meanings have no efficacy? Ethnographic data on Balinese models for illness are presented. Multiple data sources were used to frame the complex Balinese traditional healing systems. Forty patients were interviewed regarding their utilization of traditional healers, and healers were observed treating patients and interviewed regarding their treatment regimens and explanatory models. Traditional explanatory models for illness provide an understandable and integrated system of meaning for these disorders but are not successful in relieving symptomatology. Neurobiological approaches, traditional healing, and ethnographic methods are compared and contrasted to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each in relation to issues of exegesis and efficacy, [obsessive‐compulsive disorder, Tourette's Syndrome, traditional healing, Indonesia]
Middle Eastern Masculinities in the Age of New Reproductive Technologies: Male Infertility and Stigma in Egypt and Lebanon
Authors: INHORN MARCIA C.
Published: November 2004

Worldwide, male infertility contributes to more than half of all cases of childlessness; yet, it is a reproductive health problem that is poorly studied and understood. This article examines the problem of male infertility in two Middle Eastern locales, Cairo, Egypt, and Beirut, Lebanon, where men may be at increased risk of male infertility because of environmental and behavioral factors. It is argued that male infertility may be particularly problematic for Middle Eastern men in their pronatalist societies; there, both virility and fertility are typically tied to manhood. Thus, male infertility is a potentially emasculating condition, surrounded by secrecy and stigma. Furthermore, the new reproductive technology called intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), designed specifically to overcome male infertility, may paradoxically create additional layers of stigma and secrecy, due to the complex moral and marital dilemmas associated with Islamic restrictions on third‐party donation of gametes. [male infertility, masculinity, new reproductive technologies, stigma, Egypt, Lebanon]
“Change Yourself and the Whole World Will Become Kinder”: Russian Activists for Reproductive Health and the Limits of Claims Making for Women
Authors: RIVKIN‐FISH MICHELE
Published: November 2004

This article views reproductive health activism as a fruitful site for analyzing the cultural logics through which legitimate claims for women's needs become expressed and circumscribed. It begins from the observation that in the United States and Britain, reproductive health has been a key arena for feminist political claims and struggles for women's rights, bodily integrity, access to health care, and demands for authority in relations with experts. These concerns and struggles have not, however, emerged in all postsocialist contexts, and new activism in Russia reveals strikingly different agendas. Innovative groups of health providers seeking to increase women's access to birth control methods and safe sex, home birth opportunities, and improved health services work outside of feminist perspectives and reject political paths for change. By examining the ideological inspirations, cultural logics, and political–economic constraints shaping the outreach work of Russian health practitioners, the article explains how and why health activism became a site for personal “spiritual” revival and the strengthening of nuclear families. It also explores how conditions following the collapse of socialism have further legitimized activists' rejection of political agendas for change.
Thick Prescriptions: Toward an Interpretation of Pharmaceutical Sales Practices
Authors: OLDANI MICHAEL J.
Published: November 2004

Anthropologists of medicine and science are increasingly studying all aspects of pharmaceutical industry practices—from research and development to the marketing of prescription drugs. This article ethnographically explores one particular stage in the life cycle of pharmaceuticals: sales and marketing. Drawing on a range of sources—investigative journalism, medical ethics, and autoethnography—the author examines the day‐to‐day activities of pharmaceutical salespersons, or drug reps, during the 1990s. He describes in detail the pharmaceutical gift cycle, a three‐way exchange network between doctors, salespersons, and patients and how this process of exchange is currently in a state of involution. This gift economy exists to generate prescriptions (scripts) and can mask and/or perpetuate risks and side effects for patients. With implications of pharmaceutical industry practices impacting everything from the personal‐psychological to the global political economy, medical anthropologists can play a lead role in the emerging scholarly discourse concerned with critical pharmaceutical studies.
Marriage Promotion and Missing Men: African American Women in a Demographic Double Bind
Authors: LANE SANDRA D.
Published: November 2004

Since 1996, state legislators, members of the U.S. Congress, and more recently President George W. Bush, have called for the protection of monogamous, heterosexual marriage and the promotion of marriage among poor women. The thrust of this policy making is directed at African American families, among which female headship doubled between 1965 and 1990. This doubling is temporally associated with enacting the legislation directed toward the War on Drugs, which resulted in a tripling of the African American prison population. In Syracuse, New York, the swelling African American population behind bars has resulted in a skewed sex ratio, in which women significantly outnumber men. The authors use national, state, and local epidemiological, environmental, and ethnographic data to argue that the proliferation of marriage‐promotion policies is heterosexist and blames African American women for demographic realities over which they have little control.
Communication and Miscommunication in Informed Consent to Research
Authors: SANKAR PAMELA
Published: November 2004

Biomedical ethics require that research subjects be aware that the drugs they take or procedures they undergo are designed to fulfill the conditions of the experiment and not to benefit a subject's health. This apparently straightforward distinction between research and treatment is a source of much controversy and misunderstanding. Ethicists have labeled this problem the “therapeutic misconception.” This misconception and, more broadly, informed consent have been studied extensively. Nonetheless, the therapeutic misconception persists among research subjects. This paper argues that one factor overlooked in the persistence of the therapeutic misconception is the effect of the theoretical paradigm that guides the practice and analysis of informed consent. The paradigm poses an idealized model of communication that ignores social context. This paper examines informed consent practices associated with a cancer research trial to demonstrate an alternative approach to studying informed consent to research. Through analysis of informed consent session transcripts, it demonstrates the importance of taking account of not only what is said, but how and by whom it is said.
Finding Meaning in First Episode Psychosis: Experience, Agency, and the Cultural Repertoire
Authors: LARSEN JOHN AGGERGAARD
Published: November 2004

The article examines individuals' attempts to generate meaning following their experiences with psychosis. The inquiry is based on a person‐centered ethnographic study of a Danish mental health community program for early intervention in schizophrenia and involves longitudinal interviews with 15 of its participants. The article takes an existential anthropological perspective emphasizing agency and cultural phenomenology to investigate how individuals draw on resources from the cultural repertoire to make sense of personally disturbing experiences during their psychosis. It is suggested that the concept of “system of explanation” has advantages over, for example, “illness narrative” and “explanatory model” when demonstrating how some individuals engage in the creative analytic and theory‐building work of bricolage, selecting, adding, and combining various systems of explanation. Delusions are equally derived from the cultural repertoire but are constructed as dogmatic explanations that are idiosyncratic to the individual who holds them.
Different Subjects: The Health Care System's Participation in the Differential Construction of the Cultural Citizenship of Cuban Refugees and Mexican Immigrants
Authors: HORTON SARAH
Published: November 2004

This paper explores the public health system's differential construction of Mexican and Cuban immigrants' “deservingness” of citizenship benefits and its preparation of them for different roles in U.S. society. Civic institutions such as the public health care system are charged with inculcating normative behavior in immigrants and instilling in them different conceptions about their rights and responsibilities. Faced with limited resources under the implementation of Medicaid managed care, hospital administrators created new categories of “deserving” and “undeserving” immigrants based on neoliberal standards of individual responsibility and self‐discipline. As a result, hospital policies construct different types of “cultural citizenship” for Cuban and Mexican immigrants, preparing the former to be active citizens and discouraging the latter from pressing demands on American civil institutions. I show that this negative construction of Mexican immigrants' moral worth leads to unmet health needs and poor health outcomes.
Collectors Expressions of Self and Other
Authors: Pearce Susan
Published: November 2004

Collectors Expressions of Self and Other, Anthony Shelton (editor). London: Horniman Museum and Gardens and Museu Antropolgico da Univeridade de Coimbra. 2001 250 pp. 51 black and white photos, bibliography, paper.
Collective Willeto: The Visionary Carvings of a Navajo Artist
Authors: Zolbrod Paul G.
Published: November 2004

Collective Willeto: The Visionary Carvings of. Navajo Artist. Shonto Begay. Walter Hopps. Lee Kogan. Graeg Lachapelle. John Smither and Stephanie Smither. Photography by Bruce Hucko. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico Press, 2002.115pp. viii. 90 color and. black and white photos, bibliography. $2.95 (paper); $45.00 (cloth).
The Price of Vigilance
Authors: JOLLY MICHELLE E.
Published: November 2004

This study explores the role of the press in the gendering of political discourse and the politicization of women in San Francisco during the rule of the Vigilance Committee of 1856. Although some historians have noted the gender dimension of the reform and vigilance movement, a broader discussion is warranted. To build readership and support for his reform agenda, James King of William, editor of the Daily Evening Bulletin, used gendered political rhetoric, inviting women to participate in political debate through letters to the editor. His tactics inspired rival editors to write in gendered terms and even to include women's voices in their columns. But women's participation in public political debate in mainstream newspapers was short-lived. Still, their involvement in the reform and vigilance movement of 1855-1856 contributed materially to the politicization of women in San Francisco.
Anthropology and Politics: Visions, Traditions, and Trends
Authors: Middleton John
Published: November 2004

Joan Vincent. Anthropology and Politics: Visions, Traditions, and Trends. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1990.
The Age of Wild Ghosts: Memory, Violence, and Place in Southwest China
Authors: Schwenkel Christina
Published: November 2004

The Age of Wild Ghosts: Memory, Violence, and Place in Southwest China Erik Mueggler (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001)
La Fabrique du Droit: Une Ethnologie du Conseil d'État
Authors: Hertz Ellen
Published: November 2004

La Fabrique du Droit: Une Ethnologie du Conseil d'État Bruno Latour (Paris: La Découverte, 2002)
Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death
Authors: Jacob Marie‐Andrée
Published: November 2004

Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death Margaret Lock (Berkeley: University of California Press. 2002)
The Making of National Money: Territorial Currencies in Historical Perspective
Authors: Truitt Allison
Published: November 2004

The Making of National Money: Territorial Currencies in Historical Perspective Eric Helleiner (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2003)

The Internationalization of Palace Wars: Lawyers, Economists, and the Contest to Transform Latin American States Yves Dezalay and Bryant G. Garth (The Chicago Series in Law and Society) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002)
Picture Theory
Authors: Tiffany Daniel
Published: November 2004

Picture Theory, W. J. T. Mitchell. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994
Sivas ‐ Home of the Poets By Said Manafi
Authors: Sperschneider Werner
Published: November 2004

Sivas–Home of the Poets 1995, 86 minutes, 16mm Directed by Said Manafi Anthropologist: Werner T. Bauer Distributed by Österr. Bundesinstitut fiit den Wiss. Film, SchonbrunnerstraBe 56, A‐1050 Wien Fax+43‐1‐54 20 05
Shoot for the contents by Trinh T. Minh‐Ha
Authors: Noznesky Elizabeth
Published: November 2004

Shoot For The Contents 1992, 101 Minutes Produced by Trinh T. Minh‐Ha and Jean‐Paul Bourdier Directed, Written and Edited by Trinh T. Minh‐Ha Dlsbributed By Women Make Movies
Principles of Visual Anthropology, 2nd Edition
Authors: Durington Matthew
Published: November 2004

Principles of Visual Anthropology, 2nd Edition. Paul Hockings. ed. Berlin.Mouton de Gruyter, 1995.
Kabloonak(1994)
Authors: Dubin Margaret
Published: November 2004

Kabloonak (1994) 35 Mm, 105 Min. Director: Claude Massot Producers: Georges Benayoun, Paul Rozenberg, Pierre Gendron Distribution: Bloom Films, 318 Sherbrooke Est., Montreal, Quebec H2x 1e6
Carved from the Heart
Authors: Weibel‐Orlando Joan
Published: November 2004

Carved from the Heart. 1997. Produced by Louis Brady and Ellen Frankenstein. Distributed by New Day Films. 30 minutes
passing girl: riverside—An Essay on Camera Work
Authors: Gonzales Joseph J.
Published: November 2004

passing girl: riverside—An Essay on Camera Work. 1997,. video essay by Kwame Braun. Distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
Rethinking Visual Anthropology
Authors: Lund Katrin Anna
Published: November 2004

Rethinking Visual Anthropology. Banks, Marcus and Howard Morphy. (Eds.) New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 1997. 306 Pp.
American Photojournalism Comes of Age
Authors: Hagaman Djanne
Published: November 2004

American Photojournalism Comes of Age. Michael L. Carlebach. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1997.
Bridewealth For a Goddess
Authors: West Paige
Published: November 2004

Bridewealth For. Goddess. Directed by Chris Owen and The Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies. 2000. 72 minutes, color. Distributed by Documentary Educational Resources, 101 Morse Street, Watertown, MA 02472, http://www. der. org.
Bilateral limbic diffusion abnormalities in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Concha Luis , Beaulieu Christian , Gross Donald W.
Published: November 2004

Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging can acquire quantitative information on the microstructural integrity of white matter structures and depict brain connectivity in vivo based on the behavior of water diffusion. Diffusion tensor imaging–derived tractography has been used for virtual dissection of the fornix and cingulum in healthy subjects, but not in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Eight patients with medically intractable TLE and unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis and nine healthy control subjects were imaged using diffusion tensor imaging. Fiber tracking was performed to delineate the fornix and cingulum, which were quantitatively analyzed. Bilateral symmetrical reduction in fractional anisotropy was observed in the fornix of patients with TLE, together with an increase in water mobility perpendicular to the axis of the fibers. The findings in the cingulum are similar to those of the fornix with the exception of significantly increased bulk diffusivity in the latter. We observed strikingly symmetrical bilateral abnormalities of axonal integrity in the fornix and cingulum in a series of patients with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis. Our findings suggest that TLE with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis is associated with bilateral limbic system pathology. Ann Neurol 2004
SBS and SEBS block copolymers as impact modifiers for polypropylene compounds
Authors: Abreu F. O. M. S. , Forte M. M. C. , Liberman S. A.
Published: November 2004

Blends of polypropylene (PP) and thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), namely SBS (styrene‐butadiene‐styrene) and SEBS (styrene‐ethylene/1‐butene‐styrene) block copolymers, were prepared to evaluate the effectiveness of the TPE type as an impact modifier for PP and influence of the concentration of elastomer on the polymer properties. Polypropylene homopolymer (PP‐H) and ethylene–propylene random copolymer (PP‐R) were evaluated as the PP matrix. Results showed that TPEs had a nucleating effect that caused the PP crystallization temperature to increase, with SBS being more effective than SEBS. Microstructure characterization tests showed that in most cases PP/SEBS blends showed the smallest rubber droplets regardless of the matrix used. It was seen that SEBS is a more effective toughening agent for PP than SBS. At 0°C the Izod impact strength of the PP‐H/SEBS 30% b/w blend was twofold higher than the SBS strength, with the PP‐R/SEBS 30% b/w blend showing no break. A similar behavior on tensile properties and flexural modulus were observed in both PP/TPE blends. Yield stress and tensile strength decreased and elongation at break increased by expanding the dispersed elastomeric phase in the PP matrix. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 254–263, 2005
Anatomy of attentional networks
Authors: Raz Amir
Published: November 2004

Attention is a central theme in psychological science. As with other biological systems, attention has a distinct anatomy that carries out basic psychological functions. Disparate attentional networks correlate with discrete neural circuitry and can be influenced by specific brain injuries, states, and drugs. Accordingly, thinking about attention as an organ system is advantageous for understanding the details of this complex cognitive process. In the context of an influential model of attention, this article introduces the broad notion of attention, then addresses its prominent characteristics, mechanisms, and theories. The presentation emphasizes the role of recent neuroimaging data in outlining the functional neuroanatomy subserving distinct attentional networks. A discussion of pertinent results connects attentional networks with self‐regulation, development, and rehabilitation training. Anat Rec (Part B: New Anat) 281B:21–36, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Pheromone Production of Female Plodia interpunctella Is Inhibited by Tyraminergic Antagonists
Authors: Hirashima Akinori , Kimizu Megumi , Shigeta Yoko , Matsugu Sachiko , Eiraku Tomohiko , Kuwano Eiichi , Eto Morifusa
Published: November 2004

Several compounds were found to suppress the calling behavior and in vitro pheromone biosynthesis of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. The compounds were screened by means of a calling‐behavior bioassay with female P. interpunctella. Five derivatives with activities in the nanomolar range were identified, in order of decreasing pheromonostatic activity: 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde semicarbazone (42) >5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐oxazole (38) >5‐[4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl]‐1,3‐oxazole (40) >5‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐oxazole (35) >5‐(4‐cyanophenyl)‐1,3‐oxazole (36). These compounds also showed in vitro inhibitory activity in intracellular de novo pheromone biosynthesis, as determined with isolated pheromone‐gland preparations that incorporated [1‐14C]sodium acetate in the presence of the so‐called pheromone‐biosynthesis‐activating neuropeptide (PBAN). The non‐additive effect of the inhibitor with antagonist (yohimbine) for the tyramine (TA) receptor suggests that it could be a tyraminergic antagonist.

Three‐dimensional (3D) computer models were built from a set of compounds. Among the common‐featured models generated by the program Catalyst/HipHop, aromatic‐ring (AR) and H‐bond‐acceptor‐lipophilic (HBAl) features were considered to be essential for inhibitory activity in the calling behavior and in vitro pheromone biosynthesis. Active compounds, including yohimbine, mapped well onto all the AR and HBAl features of the hypothesis. Less‐active compounds were shown to be unable to achieve an energetically favorable conformation, consistent with our 3D common‐feature pharmacophore models. The present hypothesis demonstrates that calling behavior and PBAN‐stimulated incorporation of radioactivity are inhibited by tyraminergic antagonists.
Novel Biologically Active Bibenzyls from Bauhinia saccocalyx Pierre
Authors: Apisantiyakom Samneang , Kittakoop Prasat , Manyum Thanaporn , Kirtikara Kanyawim , Bremner John B. , Thebtaranonth Yodhathai
Published: November 2004

Four new bibenzyls, bauhinols A–D (1–4), together with the two known bibenzyls 5 and 6, were isolated from the roots of Bauhinia saccocalyx, and their structures were elucidated by analyses of spectroscopic data.

Bauhinol A (1) exhibits significant cytotoxicity towards NCI‐H187 (small‐cell lung cancer), BC (breast cancer), and KB (oral‐cavity cancer) cell lines, with IC50 values of 2.7–4.5 μg/ml. Bauhinol B (2) is cytotoxic against NCI‐H187 (IC50=1.1 μg/ml) and BC (IC50=9.7 μg/ml) cell lines, but inactive toward the KB cell line (at 20 μg/ml). Compound 2 also is mildly antifungal towards Candia albicans (IC50=28.9 μg/ml). Bibenzyl 6 is active against NCI‐H187 (IC50=14.1 μg/ml) and BC (IC50=4.0 μg/ml) cells, but inactive (at 20 μg/ml) toward the KB cell line. Compounds 1, 2, and 6 show mild antimycobacterial activities, with MIC values of 25–50 μg/ml, but are inactive at 20 μg/ml against the K1 malarial parasite strain (Plasmodium falciparum). While bauhinol A (1) is inactive against cyclooxygenase 1 (COX‐1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2), compounds 2 and 6 inhibit both COX‐1 and COX‐2, with IC50 values comparable to those of the standard drug, aspirin (Table 3).
Bioactive Terpenoids and Guggulusteroids from Commiphora mukul Gum Resin of Potential Anti‐Inflammatory Interest
Authors: Francis Jayaraj A. , Raja Srinivasa N. , Nair Muraleedharan G.
Published: November 2004

Guggulu, the gum resin from Commiphora mukul, is one of the components of various formulations of traditional Ayurvedic medicine to treat inflammation, obesity, and lipid disorders. In most preparations of Ayurvedic medicine in India, guggulu is boiled prior to its use. Therefore, guggulu was boiled with H2O prior to extractions in our study. Bioassay‐guided isolation of compounds from the hexane‐soluble portion of the MeOH extract of guggulu yielded cembrenoids, 1–6, a bicyclic diterpene, 7, guggulusterone derivatives, 8–11, myrrhanone derivatives, 12, myrrhanol derivative, 13, and a lignan, 14. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 5, 6, 7, 10, and 12–14 are novel. These compounds were assayed for lipid peroxidation and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibitory activities. At 100 ppm, compounds 3, 6, and 14 inhibited the lipid peroxidation by 79, 57, and 58%, respectively, and the rest of isolated compounds showed 20–40% inhibitory activity with respect to the controls. In COX‐1 and COX‐2 enzyme inhibitory assays, compound 3 showed 79 and 83%, and compound 8 gave 67 and 54% of inhibition, respectively, at 100 ppm. All fourteen compounds inhibited COX‐1 enzyme at 100 ppm. The lipid peroxidation and COX enzyme inhibitory activities exhibited by compounds isolated from C. mukul may substantiate its use in traditional medicine.
Validation of a new formula for mean arterial pressure calculation: The new formula is superior to the standard formula
Authors: Razminia Mansour , Trivedi Atul , Molnar Janos , Elbzour Monther , Guerrero Mayra , Salem Yasser , Ahmed Aziz , Khosla Sandeep , Lubell David L.
Published: November 2004

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) has traditionally been derived from systolic and diastolic pressures, weighted 1/3 systolic and 2/3 diastolic. No correction is made for the increasing time dominance of systole with increasing heart rates. In a previous study, we developed a new and more accurate heart rate‐corrected MAP formula from central aorta pressure determinations in a large number of patients: MAP = DP + [0.33 + (HR × 0.0012)] × [PP] where SP and DP are systolic and diastolic pressure and HR is heart rate. The current study validates the new MAP formula in the same patient at increasing paced heart rates. A central aorta catheter was used to obtain computer‐determined systolic, diastolic, and MAP in 12 patients. Values were obtained at baseline and then at increasing right atrial paced heart rates. The new and standard MAP formula‐derived values were compared with computer‐determined values. The new formula showed a much closer correlation with the computer‐derived values for MAP. Standard MAP calculations for MAP can easily be improved by inclusion of a heart rate factor. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:419–425. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Corrected TIMI frame count: Applicability in modern digital catheter laboratories when different frame acquisition rates are used
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Kunadian , Ashton Victoria J. , Wright Robert A. , Hall James A. , Stewart Michael J. , Davies Adrian , de Belder Mark A.
Published: November 2004

The original description of the TIMI frame count (TFC) method was based on angiograms acquired at 30 f/sec. Modern digital angiograms are acquired at lower frame rates (between 12.5 and 25 f/sec). Coronary angiography was acquired at 12.5 and 25 f/sec after 200 μg of intracoronary glyceryl trinitrate. Results of the corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC) at 12.5 and 25 f/sec for each vessel were: right coronary artery, 19.5 ± 5.2 and 20.4 ± 6.6 (P = 0.15); circumflex artery, 25.6 ± 8.2 and 25.9 ± 8.7 (P = 0.5); and left anterior descending artery, 22.5 ± 8.1 and 23.8 ± 10.4 (P = 0.15), respectively. The mean difference in the TFC between two injections by the same operator and by two operators was 0.4 (P = 0.7) and 0.4 (P = 0.2), respectively. The mean difference in the TFC for repeat measurements by the same observer and between two observers was 0.26 (P = 0.3) and 0.06 (P = 0.8), respectively. We confirm that the cTFC is a quantitative method to assess coronary flow that can be applied in a modern digital laboratory. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:426–432. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implantation of a second closure device in patients with residual shunt after percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale
Authors: Schwerzmann Markus , Windecker Stephan , Wahl Andreas , Nedeltchev Krassen , Mattle Heinrich P. , Seiler Christian , Meier Bernhard
Published: November 2004

Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients with presumed paradoxical embolism yields complete occlusion in > 90% of patients using contemporary closure devices. Patients with a residual shunt after percutaneous PFO closure have been found at increased risk for recurrent paradoxical events. Treatment options for such patients include medical treatment using antiplatelet drugs or oral anticoagulation, surgical device removal and patch closure, and percutaneous implantation of a second closure device. We report our experience with implantation of a second closure device in 10 patients with more than a minimal residual shunt ≤ 6 months after percutaneous PFO closure. Procedure and fluoroscopy times were similar for the initial and repeat intervention (32 vs. 30 min and 5 vs. 6 min, respectively; P = NS). There were no procedural complications during implantation of the second closure device. Follow‐up transesophageal echocardiography 6 months after the second percutaneous intervention revealed complete PFO closure in nine (90%) patients. Therefore, implantation of a second closure device in patients with persistence of more than a residual shunt after percutaneous PFO closure appears safe and effective. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:490–495. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New method to increase a backup support of a 6 French guiding coronary catheter
Authors: Takahashi Saeko , Saito Shigeru , Tanaka Shinji , Miyashita Yusuke , Shiono Takaaki , Arai Fumio , Domae Hiroshi , Satake Shutaro , Itoh Takenari
Published: November 2004

A 6 Fr guiding catheter is commonly used in the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, one of the limitations of the 6 Fr guiding catheter is its weak backup support compared to a 7 or an 8 Fr guiding catheter. In this article, we present a new system for PCI called the five‐in‐six system. Between March 2003 and September 2003, this system was tried on eight chronic total occlusion cases. The advantage of the five‐in‐six system is that it increases backup support of a 6 Fr guiding catheter. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:452‐456. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.