bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positioning Political Texts with Large Language Models by Asking and Averaging
Authors: Le Mens Gaël , Gallego Aina
Published: January 2025

We use instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4, Llama 3, MiXtral, or Aya to position political texts within policy and ideological spaces. We ask an LLM where a tweet or a sentence of a political text stands on the focal dimension and take the average of the LLM responses to position political actors such as US Senators, or longer texts such as UK party manifestos or EU policy speeches given in 10 different languages. The correlations between the position estimates obtained with the best LLMs and benchmarks based on text coding by experts, crowdworkers, or roll call votes exceed .90. This approach is generally more accurate than the positions obtained with supervised classifiers trained on large amounts of research data. Using instruction-tuned LLMs to position texts in policy and ideological spaces is fast, cost-efficient, reliable, and reproducible (in the case of open LLMs) even if the texts are short and written in different languages. We conclude with cautionary notes about the need for empirical validation.
The use of 13C,14C and 18O of dental enamel to estimate the year of birth and geographic origin from Mexican individuals
Authors: Solís Corina , Gil-Chavarría Ivet , Rodríguez-Ceja María , Martínez-Carrillo Miguel Ángel , Reza Guadalupe , Canto Carlos , Méndez Grisel , Chávez Efraín
Published: January 2025

In recent times, forensic science has increasingly relied on methods that use stable and radioactive isotope analysis to identify human remains. The use of 14C-AMS dating of dental enamel and dentine of an individual allows the estimation of the year of birth, while that of stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen can provide information on their geographical origin. Isotopic analysis of a tissue complements existing identification techniques, enhancing the capacity to refine, exclude, and affirm investigative approaches directed towards individual identification.

The primary aim of this exploratory study is to amalgamate diverse isotopic methodologies conducive to the prompt and accurate identification of a deceased individual. In this manuscript, we elucidate the application of a rapid processing technique for whole molars from individuals with documented ages, employed to ascertain age through 14C-AMS dating. Furthermore, an investigation was undertaken to assess the capacity of carbon and oxygen-stable isotopes in distinguishing regional disparities. To achieve this, we conducted a comparative analysis of tooth samples sourced from individuals residing in three cities within the Mexican Republic: Mexico City in the central region, Oaxaca City in the southern region, and Tepic Nayarit on the western Pacific coast. The age of dental piece formation, as estimated through 14C-AMS, exhibited a precise correlation with the actual age. By means of the stable isotope outcomes, the data disclosed substantial disparities in 13C and 18O abundances among teeth from individuals residing in the three cities.
Instar identification and weight prediction of Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) larvae using machine learning
Authors: Feng Xiao , Ullah Farman , Liu Jiali , Ji Yunliang , Abbas Sohail , Liao Siqi , Ali Jamin , Desneux Nicolas , Chen Rizhao
Published: January 2025

The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), emerges as a significant threat to maize cultivation, inflicting substantial damage upon the crops. Particularly, its larval stage represents a critical point characterised by significant economic consequences on maize yield. To manage the infestation of this pest effectively, timely and precise identification of its larval stages is required. Currently, the absence of techniques capable of addressing this urgent need poses a formidable challenge to agricultural practitioners. To mitigate this issue, the current study aims to establish models conducive to the identification of larval stages. Furthermore, this study aims to devise predictive models for estimating larval weights, thereby enhancing the precision and efficacy of pest management strategies. For this, 9 classification and 11 regression models were established using four feature datasets based on the following features geometry, colour, and texture. Effectiveness of the models was determined by comparing metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, coefficient of determination, root mean squared error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error. Furthermore, Shapley Additive exPlanations analysis was employed to analyse the importance of features. Our results revealed that for instar identification, the DecisionTreeClassifier model exhibited the best performance with an accuracy of 84%. For larval weight, the SupportVectorRegressor model performed best with R2 of 0.9742. Overall, these findings present a novel and accurate approach to identify instar and predict the weight of O. furnacalis larvae, offering valuable insights for the implementation of management strategies against this key pest.
Mobile habitats for the unseen passengers: the brachyuran crabs on the loggerhead sea turtles
Authors: Hayashi Ryota , Ohtsuchi Naoya
Published: January 2025

We report on four brachyuran crabs collected from the carapaces of loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta nesting on Yakushima Island in Kagoshima prefecture, Japan. Three of these crab species have not been previously reported as epibionts on sea turtles. Our research suggests that physical damage to a turtle's carapace, such as cracks and holes created by other epibionts like the burrowing barnacle Tubicinella cheloniae, can create unique habitats for these opportunistic crabs.
Export volume trends and the conservation status of commonly targeted ornamental fishes from Malawi
Authors: Msukwa Amulike Victor , Jere Wilson Lazaro
Published: January 2025

The export of ornamental fishes from Malawi has received limited attention regarding its sustainability or the conservation status of any threatened species involved in this trade. To identify any species that require specific management actions, we used a negative binomial regression model to examine the relationship between the number of exported fish and year of export, adjusted for fish prices and the number of fish exporters. We also examined the correlation between export volume trends and the conservation status of fish species. We identified three groups of fish species based on their export volume trends: species with no trends, with decreasing trends and with increasing trends. There was no significant correlation between export volume trends and the conservation status of fish species. The export volume trends of individual species appear to be related to the number of exporters, price and, potentially, anthropogenic factors affecting fish populations. Based on our findings we recommend the inclusion of ornamental fishery management issues in a revised Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy. This should include strategies to control overexploitation of species with declining export volume trends, and conservation of threatened species and a ban on their export. We recommend further research to establish the population status of the exploited fish species and to identify any other factors linked to the volume trends of ornamental fish exports.
Size, spines, and primes: the drivers of collar spine numbers among echinostome trematodes
Authors: Presswell Bronwen , Salloum Priscila M. , Bennett Jerusha , Buschang Katherine E. , Poulin Robert
Published: January 2025

Some anatomical structures vary greatly in number among species, a phenomenon that often remains unexplained. We investigate interspecific variation in the number of collar spines among trematodes from the superfamily Echinostomatoidea, using a dataset comprising hundreds of species. These trematodes possess a ring of spines around their anterior sucker; in some families, they form 2 arcs on either side of the sucker, with a central gap, whereas in other families, they form a continuous collar with no gap. First, we confirm that even numbers of spines are the norm among species in which they are arranged as 2 arcs with a central gap, while odd numbers (mainly prime numbers) predominate among species in which spines form a continuous collar. Second, we tested whether variation among species in the number of spines might reflect selective pressures. The spines serve to attach the worm to the inside lining of the host gut. Our analysis confirms that spine numbers correlate positively with worm body size among echinostomes, supporting the hypothesis that larger worms require more spines for stronger attachment. Finally, we tested whether phylogenetic conservatism may explain interspecific variation in the number of collar spines, i.e. whether closely related species have more similar numbers of spines than expected by chance due to shared ancestry. Our analysis confirms that spine numbers show strong phylogenetic conservatism across species. Overall, our findings indicate that the number of collar spines, a hallmark of echinostomes, is the product of conserved phylogenetic inheritance overlaid by adaptive functional adjustments.
Exponential turnpike property for particle systems and mean-field limit
Authors: Herty Michael , Zhou Yizhou
Published: January 2025

This work is concerned with the exponential turnpike property for optimal control problems of particle systems and their mean-field limit. Under the assumption of the strict dissipativity of the cost function, exponential estimates for both optimal states and optimal control are proven. Moreover, we show that all the results for particle systems can be preserved under the limit in the case of infinitely many particles.
The Gift that Keeps on Taking: The Liberation in French and American Memory of the Second World War
Authors: Schwartz Paula L.
Published: January 2025

On 7 March 1966, when President Charles de Gaulle announced France's withdrawal from the military, leadership of NATO, he also called for the removal of American troops from French soil. To this the American Secretary of State retorted, ‘and those in French cemeteries as well?’ The United States saw de Gaulle's action as an insulting and traitorous rebuff of Allied commitments forged during and after the war. For the French, however, the move was considered a justifiable assertion of national sovereignty, having little to do with the Allied ‘Liberation’ of France some twenty years earlier. In this article, I explore French and American perceptions of the Liberation using French anthropologist Marcel Mauss's pathbreaking 1923 work, The Gift. How can applying Mauss's ideas at the transnational level make sense of the meanings, (mis)interpretations, and implications of the Liberation for state actors on both sides of the Atlantic?
European Commission reports on implementation of EU Directive 2010/63/EU on the use of animals in research
Authors: Hubrecht R
Published: January 2025

The European Directive 2010/63/EU adopted in 2010 updated and replaced the previous legislation that had been in place since 1986. This Report, and accompanying staff working document, meet the requirement of Article 58 of the 2010 Directive for a review of the Directive by 10th November 2017.
No road with roses in developing countries: gender diversification in firm leadership and total factor productivity
Authors: Bournakis Ioannis , Motta Victor , Vidali Mara E.
Published: January 2025

The paper investigates the gender-driven disparities in total factor productivity (TFP) between women-owned enterprises (WOEs) and male-owned enterprises (MOEs) across 30 developing countries. Utilizing firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys, the study addresses biases in previous gender literature by employing a semi-parametric technique to more accurately measure TFP. The results reveal a significant TFP gap, with WOEs being 5.5% to 6.7% less productive than MOEs, even after controlling for key firm characteristics like age, innovation, human capital, and ownership status. The study attributes this productivity disparity primarily to financial obstacles faced by WOEs, which hinder their ability to innovate and capitalize on opportunities. The lack of access to credit leads to a misallocation of capital, excluding equally efficient women entrepreneurs from financial resources that could stimulate productivity. Contrary to some assumptions, the study finds no evidence that WOEs underperform in sectors with high financial dependence, suggesting that WOEs are not inherently inefficient in their use of capital. Our findings provide causal evidence as we control for selectivity bias in the TFP-WOEs nexus by identifying exogenously the factors that affect financial constraints and innovation.
The effects of bilingual proficiency on the acceptability of motion encoding strategies
Authors: Costa-Silva Jean , Zhang Shulin , Lee-Schoenfeld Vera
Published: January 2025

When describing motion events, English encodes Manner of motion in the verb and Path of motion in a satellite (s-framing). Brazilian Portuguese (BP), however, encodes Path in the verb and elaborates Manner adverbially (v-framing). This study investigates at what stages of L2 proficiency L2BP and English learners’ acceptability ratings converge with those of L1 speakers when rating sentences with Manner elaborated in the verb (Manner-verb) or in an adverb: a prepositional phrase (Manner-prep) or subordinate clause (Manner-AdvClause). Participants (n = 176) consisted of L1/L2English and L1/L2BP speakers. L2ers were grouped according to language proficiency (Elementary, Intermediate and Advanced). Results of ordinal logistic regressions show that Intermediate proficiency is associated with Manner-verb (L2BP) and Manner-prep ratings (L2English), and that Advanced proficiency is associated with Manner-verb (L2English) and Manner-AdvClause judgments (L2English and L2BP). These findings contribute to the limited body of work on the acquisition of v-framed L2s and the development of low-proficiency learners.
Deformation on Rainbow Massif, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, Illuminated With Microearthquakes Detected by Machine Learning
Authors: Anderson Evan C. , Parnell‐Turner Ross , Sohn Robert A. , Fan Wenyuan
Published: January 2025

Oceanic detachment fault systems are characteristic of slow‐spreading mid‐ocean ridges, where reduced magma supply leads to increased extension by faulting and exhumation of oceanic core complexes (OCCs). OCCs have complicated structure reflecting the interplay between magmatic, hydrothermal, and tectonic processes. We use microearthquake data from a 9‐month ocean bottom seismometer deployment to image deformation structures in the Rainbow massif on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. Using a machine‐learning enabled workflow to obtain an earthquake catalog containing 68,000 events, we find seismicity occurred in distinct clusters that correlate with previously imaged velocity anomalies and dipping subsurface reflections. Our results are consistent with a dipping alteration front within the massif overlying late‐stage intrusions and suggest a transpressional fault accommodates a non‐transform offset north of the massif. Our results demonstrate OCCs continue to deform in a complex way after a detachment fault has been abandoned due to combined effects of tectonic stresses, magmatism, and alteration.
Novel Unified Model for Geofluid Nonlinear Flows in Rock Fractures
Authors: Zhou Jia‐Qing , Gan Fu‐Shuo , Chen Yi‐Feng , Tan Jie , Wang Liangqing , Che Zhi‐Jie , Jiao Jiu Jimmy
Published: January 2025

In this study, we numerically investigated the multi‐scale flow features of 43 types of geofluids (including 18 real geofluids and 25 parametric fluids) within rock fractures under different roughness and hydrodynamic conditions. Our findings demonstrate that the generalized Forchheimer equation, an extension of Darcy's law for nonlinear flows, effectively captures the nonlinear flow features of these diverse fluids. While changes in fluid properties have minimal impact on Darcy's viscous permeability, they significantly influence Forchheimer inertial permeability and the critical Reynolds number. These dependencies are mechanistically attributed to the regulation of eddy growth rate in fractures by fluid properties. Building on these mechanistic insights, we developed two types of models for predicting inertial permeability and critical Reynolds number across various geofluids within a unified framework. One model extrapolates predictions from the results of classical standard water flow, while another enables direct prediction based on the mean and variance of the fracture aperture field.
Reduced Thermal Conductivity of Hydrous Aluminous Silica and Calcium Ferrite‐Type Phase Promote Water Transportation to Earth's Deep Mantle
Authors: Hsieh Wen‐Pin , Ishii Takayuki , Deschamps Frédéric , Tsao Yi‐Chi , Chang Jen‐Wei , Criniti Giacomo
Published: January 2025

Subduction of oceanic slabs introduces chemical heterogeneities in the Earth's interior, which could further induce thermal, seismic, and geodynamical anomalies. Thermal conductivity of slab minerals crucially controls the thermal evolution and dynamics of the subducted slab and ambient mantle, while such an important transport property remains poorly constrained. Here we have precisely measured high pressure‐temperature thermal conductivity of hydrous aluminous post‐stishovite (ΛHy‐Al‐pSt) and aluminum‐rich calcium ferrite‐type phase (ΛCF), two important minerals in the subducted basaltic crust in the lower mantle. Compared to the dry aluminous stishovite and pure stishovite, hydration substantially reduces the ΛHy‐Al‐pSt, resulting in ∼9.7–13.3 W m−1 K−1 throughout the lower mantle. Surprisingly, the ΛCF remains at ∼3–3.8 W m−1 K−1 in the lower mantle, few‐folds lower than previously assumed. Our data modeling offers better constraints on the thermal conductivity of the subducted oceanic crust from mantle transition zone to the lowermost mantle region, which is less thermally conductive than previously modeled. Our findings suggest that if the post‐stishovite carries large amounts of water to the lower mantle, the poorer heat conduction through the basaltic crust reduces the slab's temperature, which not only allows the slab bringing more hydrous minerals to greater depth, but also increases slab's density and viscosity, potentially impacting the stability of heterogeneous structures at the lowermost mantle.
International myeloma working group immunotherapy committee recommendation on sequencing immunotherapy for treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Costa Luciano J. , Banerjee Rahul , Mian Hira , Weisel Katja , Bal Susan , Derman Benjamin A. , Htut Maung M. , Nagarajan Chandramouli , Rodriguez Cesar , Richter Joshua , Frigault Matthew J. , Ye Jing C. , van de Donk Niels W. C. J. , Voorhees Peter M. , Puliafito Benjamin , Bahlis Nizar , Popat Rakesh , Chng Wee Joo , Ho P. Joy , Kaur Gurbakhash , Kapoor Prashant , Du Juan , Schjesvold Fredrik , Berdeja Jesus , Einsele Hermann , Cohen Adam D. , Mikhael Joseph , Biru Yelak , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Lin Yi , Martin Thomas G. , Chari Ajai
Published: January 2025

T-cell redirecting therapy (TCRT), specifically chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR T-cells) and bispecific T-cell engagers (TCEs) represent a remarkable advance in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). There are several products available around the world and several more in development targeting primarily B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and G protein–coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GRPC5D). The relatively rapid availability of multiple immunotherapies brings the necessity to understand how a certain agent may affect the safety and efficacy of a subsequent immunotherapy so MM physicians and patients can aim at optimal sequential use of these therapies. The International Myeloma Working Group conveyed panel of experts to review patient and disease-related factors affecting efficacy and safety of immunotherapy, summarize existing information on sequencing therapy and provide a series of core recommendations.
Social epidemiology of early adolescent nutrition
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Helmer Christiane K. , Wong Jennifer , Diep Thang , Domingue Sydnie K. , Do Richard , Ervin Ruthie , Mehta Arjun S. , Al-shoaibi Abubakr A. A. , Gooding Holly C. , Ganson Kyle T. , Testa Alexander , Baker Fiona C. , Garber Andrea K.
Published: January 2025

Background

This study aimed to investigate associations between sociodemographic factors and dietary intake among a diverse population of early adolescents ages 10–13 years in the United States.

Methods

We examined data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study in Year 2 (2018–2020, ages 10–13 years, N = 10,280). Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the adjusted associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, parental education) and dietary intake of various food groups, measured by the Block Kids Food Screener.

Results

Older age among early adolescents was associated with slightly less fruit, whole grain, and dairy and more monounsaturated fat consumption. Male sex was associated with a lower intake of fruit, fruit juice, vegetables, whole grains, and fiber and a higher intake of meat/poultry/fish, added sugars, fat, as well as higher glycemic index and glycemic load compared to female sex. Racial and ethnic minority status, lower household income, and lower parental education were generally associated with less fruit and vegetable consumption and more added sugars.

Conclusion

These findings can guide public health interventions to reduce diet quality disparities by targeting key populations and addressing differences according to socioeconomic status, sex, and race.

Impact

Sociodemographic disparities in diet quality have been studied, but none have explored sociodemographic associations with specific food groups and components (e.g., different types of fat) in early adolescence.

In this demographically diverse sample of 10–13-year-old early adolescents in the US, we found sociodemographic disparities in dietary intake across various food groups.

Most notably, male sex, racial and ethnic minority status, lower household income, and lower parental education were associated with less fruit and vegetable consumption and more added sugars.
Recombinant XBB.1.5 boosters induce robust neutralization against KP.2- and KP.3-included JN.1 sublineages
Authors: Yang Jingyun , He Xuemei , Shi Huashan , He Cai , Lei Hong , He Heng , Yang Li , Wang Wei , Shen Guobo , Yang Jinliang , Zhao Zhiwei , Song Xiangrong , Wang Zhenling , Lu Guangwen , Li Jiong , Wei Yuquan
Published: January 2025

The newly emerged variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) demonstrate resistance to present therapeutic antibodies as well as the capability to evade vaccination-elicited antibodies. JN.1 sublineages were demonstrated as one of the most immune-evasive variants, showing higher neutralization resistance compared to XBB.1.5. In this study, serum samples were collected from adult participants including those who had gone through the BA.5/BF.7, EG.5/HK.3 and XBB/JN.1 infection waves, characterized by different infection and vaccination histories. We evaluated the neutralization in these serum samples against pseudoviruses of Omicron lineages. We further investigated humoral immune response of recombinant XBB vaccines against Omicron variants and estimated the neutralization resistance of JN.1 sublineages, including KP.2 and KP.3. Our results showed that sera from previous circulating Omicron subvariant breakthrough infections exhibited low neutralization against pseudoviruses of Omicron lineages. The GMTs of 50% neutralization against all tested pseudoviruses were significantly elevated in sera from individuals who received WSK-V102C or WSK-V102D boosters. Importantly, the GMTs of 50% neutralization in serum samples from individuals 4 months after a WSK-V102D booster against XBB.1.5, JN.1, JN.1.13, KP.2 and KP.3 pseudoviruses were 3479, 1684, 1397, 1247 and 1298, with 9.86-, 9.79-, 8.73-, 8.66- and 8.16-fold increase compared to those without booster, respectively, indicating that boosting with XBB.1.5 subunit vaccines still induced strong antibody responses against JN.1 sublineages. However, JN.1 sublineages, including KP.2 and KP.3, revealed more than 2-fold decreases in neutralizing antibody titers compared to XBB.1.5, suggesting significantly enhanced neutralization evasion and the necessity of boosters based on JN.1, KP.2 or KP.3.
Signaling pathway mechanisms of circadian clock gene Bmal1 regulating bone and cartilage metabolism: a review
Authors: Ze Yiting , Wu Yongyao , Tan Zhen , Li Rui , Li Rong , Gao Wenzhen , Zhao Qing
Published: January 2025

Circadian rhythm is ubiquitous in nature. Circadian clock genes such as Bmal1 and Clock form a multi-level transcription-translation feedback network, and regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including bone and cartilage metabolism. Deletion of the core clock gene Bmal1 leads to pathological bone alterations, while the phenotypes are not consistent. Studies have shown that multiple signaling pathways are involved in the process of Bmal1 regulating bone and cartilage metabolism, but the exact regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. This paper reviews the signaling pathways by which Bmal1 regulates bone/cartilage metabolism, the upstream regulatory factors that control Bmal1, and the current Bmal1 knockout mouse models for research. We hope to provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of bone/cartilage diseases related to circadian rhythms.
PLIN1 suppresses glioma progression through regulating lipid metabolism
Authors: Luo Kui , Zhuang Kai , Wu Hao , Chen Yuanbing , Liu Yi , Yang Fan , Wang Zhifei
Published: January 2025

Glioma is a common and destructive brain tumor, which is highly heterogeneous with poor prognosis. Developing diagnostic and prognostic markers to identify and treat glioma early would significantly improve the therapeutic outcomes. Here, we conducted RNA next-generation sequencing with 33 glioma samples and 15 normal brain samples. We found Perilipin 1 (PLIN1) downregulated in glioma and correlated with poorer outcome. Subsequent experiments revealed that up regulation of PLIN1 led to repressed cell growth and invasion in glioma. Moreover, overexpression of PLIN1 increased lipid accumulation in glioma cells, with increasing expression of lipid biosynthesis related genes and decreasing expression of lipolysis related genes. Mechanically, we revealed that the PI3K/AKT axis could regulate PLIN1 levels in glioma, that inhibition of the activity of PI3K/AKT axis could increase PLIN1 levels in glioma. In conclusion, the dysregulation PI3K/AKT axis led to PLIN1 downregulation and the following tumor proliferation, invasion and lipid metabolism reprogramming in glioma.
NIRS-BIDS: Brain Imaging Data Structure Extended to Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Luke Robert , Oostenveld Robert , Cockx Helena , Niso Guiomar , Shader Maureen J , Orihuela-Espina Felipe , Innes-Brown Hamish , Tucker Stephen , Boas David , Yücel Meryem A. , Gau Remi , Salo Taylor , Appelhoff Stefan , Markiewicz Christopher J. , McAlpine David ,   The BIDS Maintainers, Pollonini Luca
Published: January 2025

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an increasingly popular neuroimaging technique that measures cortical hemodynamic activity in a non-invasive and portable fashion. Although the fNIRS community has been successful in disseminating open-source processing tools and a standard file format (SNIRF), reproducible research and sharing of fNIRS data amongst researchers has been hindered by a lack of standards and clarity over how study data should be organized and stored. This problem is not new in neuroimaging, and it became evident years ago with the proliferation of publicly available neuroimaging datasets. To solve this critical issue, the neuroimaging community created the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) that specifies standards for how datasets should be organized to facilitate sharing and reproducibility of science. Currently, BIDS supports dozens of neuroimaging modalities including MRI, EEG, MEG, PET, and many others. In this paper, we present the extension of BIDS for NIRS data alongside tools that may assist researchers in organizing existing and new data with the goal of promoting public disseminations of fNIRS datasets.
PCMMD: A Novel Dataset of Plasma Cells to Support the Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: L. B. Andrade Caio , Ferreira Marcos V. , M. Alencar Brenno , S. B. Filho Jorge L. , A. Guimaraes Matheus , Porto Cruz Moraes Iarley , S. Lopes Tiago J. , S. dos Santos Allan , M. dos Santos Mariane , C. S. e Silva Maria I. , D. R. P. Rosa Izabela M. , C. de Carvalho Gilson , M. Santos Herbert H. , L. Santos Márcia M. , Meyer Roberto , P. B. Knop Luciana M. , M. Freire Songeli , A. Rios Ricardo , N. Rios Tatiane
Published: January 2025

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a cytogenetically heterogeneous clonal plasma cell proliferative disease whose diagnosis is supported by analyses on histological slides of bone marrow aspirate. In summary, experts use a labor-intensive methodology to compute the ratio between plasma cells and non-plasma cells. Therefore, the key aspect of the methodology is identifying these cells, which relies on the experts’ attention and experience. In this work, we present a valuable dataset comprising more than 5,000 plasma and non-plasma cells, labeled by experts, along with some patient diagnostics. We also share a Deep Neural Network model, as a benchmark, trained to identify and count plasma and non-plasma cells automatically. The contributions of this work are two-fold: (i) the labeled cells can be used to train new practitioners and support continuing medical education; and (ii) the design of new methods to identify such cells, improving the results presented by our benchmark. We emphasize that our work supports the diagnosis of MM in practical scenarios and paves new ways to advance the state-of-the-art.
Tailoring and characterization of bioactive graft material for alveolar bone preservation and regeneration in fresh extraction sockets of dog model
Authors: Hamdy Ayat , Saad Manal , ElBackly Rania , Nouh Samir , Jain Himanshu , Marei Mona
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study was to tailor an osteoinductive scaffold for alveolar bone regeneration and around immediately placed implants in extraction sockets of dogs. Tailored amorphous multiporous bioactive glass (TAMP -BG) was prepared and characterized for bioactivity and response of human alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hABMSCs). Extraction sockets of twenty-two male mongrel dogs received TAMP-BG in the right side around implant in the distal socket of the mandibular fourth premolar (P4), while the adjacent empty mesial socket of the same tooth was filled with the same graft. Autologous bone chips were used in the left side. Animals were euthanized at 1, 2, 4, 8 &12 weeks for histological and SEM analyses. SEM/EDX, FTIR and XRD analyses displayed formation of a bioactive hydroxycarbonated apatite layer. TAMP-BG significantly increased proliferation and migration of hABMSCs. Histologically, at the 1st week, advanced bone healing was shown in TAMP-BG group. At four weeks bone density was significantly higher forTAMP-BG (92.71% ± 1.71) versus control (62.92% ± 2.02) (P = 0.0001).At eight weeks, significant increase in width of buccal plate and height of lingual bony plate was observedfor TAMP-BG grafted implant.The socket orifice width significantly decreased for autologous bone from 1 to 12 weeks (P < 0.001), while it significantly increased for TAMP-BG (P = 0.03). We conclude that TAMP-BG can provide a preservative dynamic microenvironment following extraction up to three months which can be attributed to its unique physico-chemical characteristics.
Orbital angular momentum light interacted with double quantum dot-metal nanoparticle hybrid structure under spontaneous coherence
Authors: Abdulmahdi Mohanad Ahmed , Al-Khursan Amin Habbeb
Published: January 2025

This work studies the generation of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam in the double quantum dot-metal nanoparticle (DQD-MNP) system under the application of the OAM beam. First, an analytical model is derived to attain the relations of probe and generated fields as a distance function in the DQD-MNP system under OAM applied field and spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) components. The calculation here is of material property; it differs from others by calculating energy states of the DQDs and the computation of the transition momenta between quantum dot (QD)-QD and QD-wetting layer (WL) transitions. The orthogonalized plane wave (OPW) calculates QD-WL transitions and their momenta. The momentum calculation is essential to specify the Rabi frequency of the input field. Such characteristics are not used in earlier models. The results show that SGC is vital in increasing the generated field. The signal field generated in the DQD-MNP system doubles that from the DQD system alone. So, the DQD-MNP system is preferred to the DQD system. The generated field in the DQD-MNP for the strong coupling DQD-MNP system is higher than that for the weak coupling. Increasing the distance separating the DQD-MNP reduces the generated field. Higher OAM number reduce the generated field at a long distance in the device. The model is then extended to study the effect of incoherent pumping (
$$\:{R}_{inc}$$
) and the relations are modified to cover this part. The results show that
$$\:{R}_{inc}$$
reduces the generated field. While the results that compare the weak and strong coupling appear for the first, others compare well to the literature.
A novel uORF regulates folliculin to promote cell growth and lysosomal biogenesis during cardiac stress
Authors: Bencun Maja , Spreyer Laura , Boileau Etienne , Eschenbach Jessica , Frey Norbert , Dieterich Christoph , Völkers Mirko
Published: January 2025

Pathological cardiac remodeling is a maladaptive response that leads to changes in the size, structure, and function of the heart. These changes occur due to an acute or chronic stress on the heart and involve a complex interplay of hemodynamic, neurohormonal and molecular factors. As a critical regulator of cell growth, protein synthesis and autophagy mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an important mediator of pathological cardiac remodeling. The tumor suppressor folliculin (FLCN) is part of the network regulating non-canonical mTORC1 activity. FLCN activates mTORC1 by functioning as a guanosine triphosphatase activating protein (GAP). Our work has identified a regulatory upstream open reading frame (uORF) localized in the 5′UTR of the FLCN mRNA. These small genetic elements are important regulators of protein expression. They are particularly important for the regulation of stress-responsive protein synthesis. We have studied the relevance of the FLCN uORF in the regulation of FLCN translation. We show that FLCN downregulation through the uORF is linked to cardiomyocyte growth and increased lysosomal activity. In summary, we have identified uORF-mediated control of RNA translation as another layer of regulation in the complex molecular network controlling cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
Investigation of corrosion and water absorption of biomass natural coir fiber/hBN reinforced epoxy hybrid composites using different optimisation approaches
Authors: Kirubakaran Ramraji , Pitchumani Shenbaga Velu , Tom Sanju , Nagaraj R. Ashwin , Salin P. , Natchimuthu Harish Kumar , Gopalan Venkatachalam , Vinayagamurthy G.
Published: January 2025

Agricultural waste or agro-waste, including natural fibers and particles from various crop parts, is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to environmental issues. However, from a circular economy perspective, these materials present an opportunity to be repurposed into new, eco-friendly products. The present study, specifically focuses on understanding the effect of different factors, such as the particulate loading and the size (coir and hBN − 1 to 5 wt%; Coir Powder size (100–200 μm) of the particles on composite’s corrosion rates and water absorption properties. These hybrid particulate composites (HPC) are fabricated using the hand layup process. The study uses a Box-Behnken Design (BBD-L15), a statistical experimental design tool that facilitates the effective investigation of many input parameters and their interactions, to comprehensively investigate these impacts. In addition, the study utilizes four metaheuristic algorithms—the Dragonfly Algorithm (DFO), the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), Teaching Learning Optimization (TLO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)—alongside regression equations to predict the optimal characteristics of the composite material. To determine the best-performing algorithm, a comparison is made using Deng’s method. The findings indicate that the composite with a higher weight% of hBN particulates exhibits reduced water absorption and corrosion rates. A larger Deng’s Value often indicates better performance. Based on its higher Deng’s Value, the SSO algorithm outperforms other algorithms in minimizing both corrosion resistance (CR) and water absorption (WA). The Deng’s Value for SSO reached a maximum of 0.68, while the other algorithms show comparable but lower performance.
Post-processing methods for delay embedding and feature scaling of reservoir computers
Authors: Jaurigue Jonnel , Robertson Joshua , Hurtado Antonio , Jaurigue Lina , Lüdge Kathy
Published: January 2025

Reservoir computing is a machine learning method that is well-suited for complex time series prediction tasks. Both delay embedding and the projection of input data into a higher-dimensional space play important roles in enabling accurate predictions. We establish simple post-processing methods that train on past node states at uniformly or randomly-delayed timeshifts. These methods improve reservoir computer prediction performance through increased feature dimension and/or better delay embedding. Here we introduce the multi-random-timeshifting method that randomly recalls previous states of reservoir nodes. The use of multi-random-timeshifting allows for smaller reservoirs while maintaining large feature dimensions, is computationally cheap to optimise, and is our preferred post-processing method. For experimentalists, all our post-processing methods can be translated to readout data sampled from physical reservoirs, which we demonstrate using readout data from an experimentally-realised laser reservoir system.
Exposomics: a review of methodologies, applications, and future directions in molecular medicine
Authors: Wan Melissa , Simonin Elisabeth M , Johnson Mary Margaret , Zhang Xinyue , Lin Xiangping , Gao Peng , Patel Chirag J , Yousuf Aroub , Snyder Michael P , Hong Xiumei , Wang Xiaobin , Sampath Vanitha , Nadeau Kari C
Published: January 2025

The exposome is the measure of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. Exposomics is the emerging field of research to measure and study the totality of the exposome. Exposomics can assist with molecular medicine by furthering our understanding of how the exposome influences cellular and molecular processes such as gene expression, epigenetic modifications, metabolic pathways, and immune responses. These molecular alterations can aid as biomarkers for the diagnosis, disease prediction, early detection, and treatment and offering new avenues for personalized medicine. Advances in high throughput omics and other technologies as well as increased computational analytics is enabling comprehensive measurement and sophisticated analysis of the exposome to elucidate their cumulative and combined impacts on health, which can enable individuals, communities, and policymakers to create programs, policies, and protections that promote healthier environments and people. This review provides an overview of the potential role of exposomics in molecular medicine, covering its history, methodologies, current research and applications, and future directions.
Strategies for Improvement of Hemocompatibility
Authors: Yu Leixiao , Wang Yuan , Kulka Michaël W. , Wei Qiang , Haag Rainer
Published: January 2025

The hemocompatibility of blood-contacting materials, e.g. blood purification membranes, is responsible for many activated cascades, inflammations, and side effects. Surface modifications that can minimize the activation of blood defense and significantly reduce and prevent thrombosis have been recognized as a significant strategy to improve and upgrade the hemocompatibility of versatile blood-contacting materials. In this chapter, technologies and recent developments in fabricating bioinert hydrophilic coatings, bioactive antithrombogenic coatings, superhydrophobic coatings, and lubricant-infused coatings on the surface of blood-contacting materials to improve their hemocompatibility are summarized.
Blood Purification Membranes
Authors: Jin Lunqiang , Deng Ningyue , Xu Yinghui , Yu Leixiao , Wei Qiang
Published: January 2025

Blood purification membranes (BPMs) are essential components of blood purification materials and play a pivotal role in addressing blood-related disorders. BPMs are primarily composed of cellulose-based and synthetic polymer materials, such as polyethersulfone, polyacrylonitrile, and others. However, BPMs made of a single material often encounter limitations during use, such as poor blood compatibility, hydrophilicity, and permeability. To overcome these shortcomings, BPMs are frequently modified through blending or surface and bulk modifications. The current trend is to develop novel membrane materials with specific structures that offer dimensional accuracy and functional uniqueness of BPMs or to modify existing systems that play a crucial role in the field of blood purification. This chapter primarily presents the historical background, categories, preparation, and modifications of BPMs. It is hoped that this treatment can offer valuable assistance in the continued advancement of BPMs.
Structure, magnetic properties and fluorescence selectivity of 1D chain complexes based on the pyrazolyl nitronyl nitroxide radical
Authors: Chu Jiamin , Liu Yi , Li Jing , Zhu Mei
Published: January 2025

Three one dimensional Z-chain 2p–3d–4f complexes have been obtained. The Tb complex reveals the slow magnetic relaxation behaviour and potential as a selective luminescent probe in detecting Cr2O72− ion.
Negative gas adsorption transitions and pressure amplification phenomena in porous frameworks
Authors: Krause Simon , Evans Jack D. , Bon Volodymyr , Senkovska Irena , Coudert François-Xavier , Maurin Gulliaume , Brunner Eike , Llewellyn Philip L. , Kaskel Stefan
Published: January 2025

The discovery of Negative Gas Adsorption (NGA), its experimental characterization, and the toolbox for systematic understanding are reviewed, along with an outlook on future applications and materials discovery pathways.
Poly(β-hydroxyalkanoate)/polymethacrylate self-assembled architectures by ring-opening polymerization (ROP)/reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization and polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA)
Authors: Rosselgong Julien , Dhaini Ali , Rochedy Manon , Bravo-Anaya Lourdes Mónica , Carpentier Jean-François , Guillaume Sophie M.
Published: January 2025

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-b-poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) block copolymers were prepared and self-assembled by ring-opening polymerization/reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer/polymerization-induced self-assembly to afford vesicles.
Indazole enhances Ru-catalyzed hydrogenation of unsaturated bonds
Authors: Jiang Wenjun , Li Xiulin , Liu Yaru , Zhang Chunyan , Zhang Guoying , Morsali Ali
Published: January 2025

A practical approach is presented for the highly selective hydrogenation of various unsaturated compounds using a cutting-edge Ru/PNN catalytic system, resulting in high turnover numbers and substantial production of valuable pharmaceuticals.
One-pot reaction of 3-vinylchromones, aromatic aldehydes, and ammonium acetate: an efficient approach to highly functionalized 1,6-dihydropyridine derivatives
Authors: Farajpour Behnaz , Kakaie Marzie , Hussain Faiq H. S. , Rakaee Fataneh , Moradkhani Fatemeh , Shiri Morteza
Published: January 2025

Herein, we present an efficient method for the synthesis of functionalized 1,6-dihydropyridine derivatives. Readily available precursors, operational simplicity, and synthetically useful yields are some highlighted advantages of this transformation.
A bionic 3D-printed hydrogel microneedle of composite mesh for abdominal wall defect repair
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Zheng Zhiqiang , Liu Yutong , Song Shurui , Li Ruojing , Song Lei , Zhao Yeying , Ren Huajian , Wang Peige
Published: January 2025

Wet adhesive CMC-DA/PVA hydrogel MN mesh for abdominal wall defects repair.
Hard template–salt template double template preparation of heteroatom-doped hierarchical porous carbon and its electrochemical properties
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Zhang Fenglei , Niu Jinan
Published: January 2025

Heteroatom-doped hierarchical porous carbon (AF-MMTC) was prepared with hard template and salt template dual templating agents, and the salt template and the hard template synergistically construct pore structures at different scales.
A focus on chasing pharmaceutical polyamorphs to design better oral drug formulations
Authors: Belenguer Ana M.
Published: January 2025

Martins et al. demonstrate how the ‘structure’ and physicochemical properties of differently prepared amorphous forms of hydrochlorothiazide are distinctly different, in a controversial phenomenon termed polyamorphism.
Morphogenesis of confined biofilms: how mechanical interactions determine cellular patterning and global geometry
Authors: Nam Kee-Myoung , Yan Jing
Published: January 2025

Bacterial biofilms that grow under confinement can mechanically interact with their environment to generate various global geometries and forms of cellular patterning.
Synergistically enhanced electronic modulation in trimetallic Cu–Co–Mo-based heterostructured nanomaterials for green H2 production via efficient alkaline electrolysis
Authors: Borah Apurba , Pooja  , Pawar Ravinder , Rajeshkhanna Gaddam
Published: January 2025

Efficient overall water electrolysis of fabricated symmetrical alkaline electrolyzers for H2 production using Cu, Co and Mo-based bifunctional electrocatalysts as anodes and cathodes.
Achieving ultra-high anisotropy in thermal conductivity of plastic crystals through megapascal pressure via hot pressing
Authors: Wu Zhipeng , Fan Mingzhi , Qin Yangjun , Zhang Guangzu , Yang Nuo
Published: January 2025

Significant modulation of thermal conductivity anisotropy is achieved in [(CH3)4N][FeCl4] films by applying uniaxial hot pressing pressure.
Enhancement of the thermoelectric performance of SnTe via Mn solubility control
Authors: Wang Wenxuan , Shen Dongyi , Li Haiqi , Liu Kejia , Chen Chen , Chen Yue
Published: January 2025

Thermoelectric materials have drawn attention due to their capability of directly converting heat and electricity, which helps utilize waste heat and provides an alternative energy source.
Catalytic asymmetric photocycloaddition reactions mediated by enantioselective radical approaches
Authors: Yin Yanli , You Mengdi , Li Xiangtao , Jiang Zhiyong
Published: January 2025

The use of olefins in the construction of cyclic compounds represents a powerful strategy for advancing the pharmaceutical industry.
Correction: Design, synthesis, and in silico studies of new quinazolinones tagged thiophene, thienopyrimidine, and thienopyridine scaffolds as antiproliferative agents with potential p38α MAPK kinase inhibitory effects
Authors: Alsfouk Aisha A. , Othman Ismail M. M. , Anwar Manal M. , Saleh Asmaa , Nossier Eman S.
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘Design, synthesis, and in silico studies of new quinazolinones tagged thiophene, thienopyrimidine, and thienopyridine scaffolds as antiproliferative agents with potential p38α MAPK kinase inhibitory effects’ by Aisha A. Alsfouk et al., RSC Adv., 2025, 15, 1407–1424, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA06744D.