bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community knowledge, attitude and practices to SARS-CoV-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19): A cross-sectional study in Woldia town, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Molla Kindu Alem , Abegaz Silamlak Birhanu
Published: April 2021

SARS-CoV-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19) is pandemic and currently becomes a serious cause of death worldwide. It is caused by a SARS-CoV-2 belonging to a family known as corona virus. The aim of this study is to assess the community knowledge, attitude and practice strategy implementation on SARS-CoV-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19). A cross-sectional survey study was done from July to October, 2020 in Woldia town, Northeast Ethiopia. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 404 respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test with a 95% confidence interval to know the association of socio-demographic characteristics with the knowledge, attitude and practices towards COVID-19. From a total of 404 responses collected (64.1%, n = 259/404), (50.7%, n = 205/404) and (39.6%, n = 160/404) of the respondents were between ages 18–39 years, males and were diploma and above, respectively. The majority of the respondents had good knowledge about the transmission mode and symptoms of COVID-19 and they obtained information mainly through mass media. The knowledge of the respondents about the transmission mode of COVID-I9 through coughing and sneezing, direct contact with infected person and touching contaminated materials was statistically associated with education and occupation (p <0.001). Among the total respondents (53.7%, n = 217/404) had a negative attitude that COVID-19 pandemic will not be controlled. The attitude of the respondents towards successfully controlling of COVID-I9 was statistically associated in terms of age, marital status, education and occupation (p < 0.001). Most of the respondents (63.1%, n = 255/404), (58.9%, n = 238/404), (66.8%, n = 270/404) and (63.9%, n = 258/404) did not wash hands with soap, avoidance of touching the nose and mouth, practicing social distancing and wearing of face masks in public or crowded places, respectively. The practices of the respondents towards COVID-19 were statistically associated with sex, marital status, education and occupation (p < 0.01). COVID-19 is currently the cause of death and it has a great impact on the economy, politics and social interactions in the study area. The government should strength the health system by increasing surveillance activities in detecting cases. Our findings suggest that the community should practice the WHO and EMoH recommendations to minimize the spread of the virus.
When girls draw the sword: Dansō, cross-dressing and gender subversion in Japanese shōjo manga
Authors: Fanasca Marta
Published: April 2021

This article focuses on the representation of FtM cross-dresser characters in Japanese shōjo manga and their gender performances. The first cross-dresser heroine in manga is Sapphire, the main character from 1953s Ribon no kishi. Following this first example, similar characters have continued to appear in shōjo manga, obtaining very positive responses from the audience. While they are seen as rebellious characters challenging stereotypical views on gender in the Japanese society, the narratives where they appear do not always fully explore this aspect. The aim of this article is to investigate the role of cross-dresser heroines in manga as a tool to reinforce the sociocultural patriarchal status quo and as a different gender embodiment outside stereotyped femininity. It argues that the possibility for those characters to occupy powerful positions and succeed is related to masculinity, symbolized by the sword, stressing how ultimately their revolutionary potential is weakened and limited.
Pesquisa aplicada em Realidade Virtual: as particularidades e possibilidades do uso da tecnologia na produção jornalística
Authors: Rocha Angelo Eduardo
Published: April 2021

O artigo discute o uso da tecnologia em Realidade Virtual (VR) na produção de conteúdo jornalístico em audiovisual. A reflexão teórico-metodológica aborda pesquisa experimental, aplicada e experiencial, formato micro documentário no Jornalismo e gêneros jornalísticos imersivos. Para descrever o processo de produção, montagem e distribuição de peças jornalísticas imersivas realizou-se uma pesquisa aplicada de forma experimental ao produzir quatro micro documentários em VR sobre agricultura familiar. Foram testados diferentes recursos – enquadramento, configurações de imagem e áudio, técnicas jornalísticas e elementos gráficos – na construção da narrativa imersiva. Os resultados apontam que a aplicação da Realidade Virtual exige pensar novas habilidades e conhecimentos no fazer jornalístico, aplicados tanto na etapa de pré-produção, quanto na construção e distribuição.
Populismo, Elitismo e Democracia
Authors: Albuquerque Afonso de
Published: April 2021

Nos últimos anos, tornou-se bastante popular a sugestão de que o fenômeno do “populismo” – associado a líderes políticos fortes, que apelariam para uma conexão direta com o povo como forma de contornar a autoridade das demais instituições políticas – constitui uma ameaça de primeira ordem aos regimes democráticos. De acordo com esse argumento, a melhor forma de conter essa ameaça seria fortalecer o papel das instituições de controle (tais como o Judiciário e a imprensa) na política. Neste artigo, sugerimos que, por mais sedutor que esse argumento possa parecer à primeira vista, ele apresenta uma perspectiva simplista e unidimensional sobre o problema. Para ilustrá-lo, exploramos alguns aspectos do acentuado declínio que a democracia brasileira experimentou nos últimos anos, culminando na ascensão de Jair Bolsonaro – um político que preconiza abertamente suas simpatias por um regime autoritário – à Presidência. Argumentamos que, longe de servir como barreira ao autoritarismo, as instituições de controle atuaram sistematicamente como agentes de desestabilização da democracia e, desse modo, abriram caminho para a vitória de Bolsonaro.
A matriz do comportamento do político populista
Authors: Bronze Ana Paula da Costa , Ribeiro Vasco
Published: April 2021

Depois de um levantamento bibliográfico sobre as diferentes definições e tipologías do populismo político (Wieviorka, 1993; Eco, 2006; Engesser et al, 2018; Judis,  2017; entre outros)  procurou-se criar uma matriz de comportamento do populista, com especial enfoque para as três áreas clássicas da ideologia política: esquerda, centro e direita. Criada esta matriz, comparamos e aplicamos ao comportamento de Jair Bolsonaro, a partir de uma análise ao discurso que este realizou na Assembleia Geral da ONU, no dia 24 de Setembro de 2019, e conseguimos criar uma matriz de comportamento populista do Presidente do Brasil. Julgamos que este estudo, para além de confirmar a tipología de populismo de Bolsonaro, pode ajudar o cidadão a prever as 21 características narrativas este político recorre para tentar moldar a opinião pública brasileira.
Epidemiological surveillance of H9N2 avian influenza virus infection among chickens in farms and backyards in Egypt 2015-2016
Authors: El-Sayed Moataz Mohamed , Arafa Abdel Satar , Abdelmagid Marwa , Youssef Ahmed Ibrahim
Published: April 2021

Background and Aim: LPAI H9N2 infection among the poultry population in Egypt constitutes an additional risk factor in the poultry industry. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) in commercial and backyard chickens in Egypt. A 2-year survey of H9N2 AIV in chickens in farms and backyards was carried out in 2015 and 2016.

Materials and Methods: Direct detection of H9N2 AIV was performed by detecting the virus in tracheal and cloacal swabs using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. A total of 20,421 samples were collected from chickens in farms and backyards in 26 Egyptian governorates.

Results: In 2015, cases positive for H9N2 AIV numbered 388 (3.9%) out of 10,016 examined cases. However, in 2016, the total positive cases numbered 447 (4.3%) out of 10,405 examined cases. The prevalence of H9N2 AIV among chickens on commercial farms was 4.6% out of the 16,666 chickens examined. The rates of positive cases in 2015 and 2016 were 4.4% (349/7884) and 4.7% (417/8782), respectively. The prevalence of H9N2 AIV in backyard chickens was 1.8% (69/3755). The rates of positive cases in backyard chickens were 1.8% (39/2132) in 2015 and again 1.8% (30/1623) in 2016. The highest positivity rate of H9N2 in chicken farms was in Beni-Suef (61.5%) (8/13), whereas the highest positivity rate in backyard chickens was in Fayoum (8.2%) (8/97).

Conclusion: The analysis of H9N2 infections among chicken farms and in backyard chickens in the different governorates of Egypt over 2 years indicated widespread infection throughout the country. Thus, continuous surveillance and implementation of control programs are warranted.
Preterm human milk composition and dietary intake of breastfeeding mothers in the Indonesian population
Authors: Marsubrin Putri Maharani Tristanita , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati , Sjarif Damayanti R.
Published: April 2021

Background Human milk consumption is a protective factor against infection. However, the high variability of human milk composition makes it difficult for clinicians and researchers to assess the adequacy of nutritional intake.

Objective To identify the nutritional profiles and composition of premature human milk and dietary intake of breastfeeding mother.

Methods Human milk specimens were collected from mothers who gave birth to very premature and/or very low birth weight infants. Infants had been admitted to the Neonatology Unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. The milk specimens were analyzed with a mid-infrared milk analyzerTM (MIRIS) for four weeks, and  maternal dietary macronutrient intake was determined with food record questionnaires on food consumption frequency and food recall.

Results Significant changes in nutritional composition of human milk were observed, with the fat concentration and calories increasing with time, and protein concentration decreasing with time. There were no significant differences observed in carbohydrate concentration of milk over the four weeks (P=0.447). Maternal intake of protein, carbohydrates, fat and calories was lower than the recommended values for breastfeeding women.

Conclusion The macronutrient (protein and fat) and energy contents of human milk change weekly. Dietary intake of breastfeeding women are lower than recommended values.
Postpartum lactation counseling and exclusive breastfeeding: analysis of the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Yuniarini Warantika Rikma , Herini Elisabeth Siti , Wahab Abdul
Published: April 2021

Background The percentage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia on 2018 dropped from 39.8% in infants aged 0 monthsto 15.3% in infants aged 5 months. According to the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research Survey (Riskesdas), an average of 37.3% of infants were exclusively breastfed until the age of 6 months. This rate is far from the target of 80% by Ministry of Health of Indonesia.
Objective To assess for an association between postpartum counseling and the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia.
Methods This retrospective cohort study used data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The sample comprised 258 infants aged 6 months. Postpartum counseling and other variables were analyzed for possible associations with exclusive breastfeeding by Chi-square test; risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Logistic regression test was used to analyze for adjusted odds ratios.
Results In 6 months period, the percentage of subjects who received postpartum counseling was 59.7% and who exclusively breastfed was 18.8%. There was no significant association between postpartum lactation counseling and exclusive breastfeeding. However, there were significant associations between exclusive breastfeeding and not using currently  as well as maternal residence in rural areas.
Conclusion Postpartum counseling on breastfeeding lacks a significant association with exclusive breastfeeding practice at 6 months of age. Therefore, the Ministry of Healthshould reevaluate the implementation of its counseling services.
Troponin-I and left ventricular function in pediatric high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia after daunorubicin treatment
Authors: Annur Rinche , Hariyant Didiko , Izzah Amirah Zatil
Published: April 2021

Background Daunorubicin is a chemotherapy drug for leukemia treatment, but it can cause cardiotoxicity. When heart damage occurs, myocardial sarcomeres release troponin-I, which could potentially be useful as a cardiotoxicity biomarker.

Objective To assess for possible correlations between troponin-I and echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular function after administration of daunorubicin in children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Methods This cross-sectional study on 37 children with high-risk ALL was performed from July 2017 to December 2018, in Padang, West Sumatera. The left ventricular systolic function parameters measured were ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS); the left ventricular diastolic function parameter was E/A ratio. Troponin-I measurements and echocardiography were performed after daunorubicin treatment at the end of induction phase chemotherapy. Pearson’s correlation test was used to analyze for a correlation between troponin-I and echocardiographic parameters.

Results Subjects had a mean age of 6.27 (SD 4.43) years, and males comprised 56.8%. Subjects’ mean troponin-I concentration was 5.49 (SD 0.86) ng/mL, and mean EF, FS, and E/A values were 65 (SD 5) %, 36 (SD 4) %, and 1.52 (SD 0.56), respectively. Troponin-I was not significantly correlated with EF (r=0.062; P=0.715) or FS (r=0.309; P=0.172). However, there was a weak, significant negative correlation between troponin-I and E/A ratio (r=-0.383; P=0.019).

Conclusion Troponin-I level has no significant correlations with the echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular systolic function.  However, there is a weak significant negative correlation between troponin-I level and the left ventricular diastolic parameter of E/A ratio.
Modifying the PELOD-2 score to predict mortality in critically ill patients
Authors: Melda Melda , Triasih Rina , Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih
Published: April 2021

Background The PELOD-2 score, which has been widely used to predict multiple organ dysfunction, may be used to predict mortality. Nevertheless, blood gas analyses (BGA) and lactate measurements required for the PELOD-2 cannot be performed in most limited resource settings.

Objective To evaluate the performance of modified PELOD-2, without BGA and lactate, to predict mortality in critically ill children. 

Methods This retrospective cohort study in critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, was undertaken from January to December 2018. The modifications to the PELOD-2 score were PELOD-2A (without BGA), PELOD-2B (without lactate), and PELOD-2C (without BGA and lactate). The modified PELOD-2 scores were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for discrimination, and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for calibration.

Results Of 130 subjects, 68 (52.3%) died. A PELOD-2 score cut-off of 6.5 and modified PELOD-2A, 2B, and 2C had sensitivities for predicting mortality of 73.5%, 67.7%, 70.6%, and 63.2%, respectively, and specificities of 75.8%, 77.4%, 77.4%, and 79%, respectively. The area under curve (AUC) of the PELOD-2 score was 78.3 (95%CI 70.5 to 86.2). The AUCs of the modified PELOD-2 scores ranged from 76.8 (95%CI 68.7 to 84.9) to 77.9 (95% CI 69.9 to 85.8). The positive predictive values of PELOD-2 and modified PELOD-2A, 2B, 2C were 76.9%, 76.7%, 77.4% and 76.8%, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed good calibration for PELOD-2 (x2=8.74; P=0.27) and modified PELOD-2A (x2=4.91; P=0.67).

Conclusion The PELOD-2A, modified without BGA, can still predict mortality well in critically ill PICU patients when using a cut-off score ≥ 6.5.
Von Jagenden und Gejagten
Authors: Theißen Tanja
Published: April 2021

Die Jagd ist in Deutschland eine fest verankerte Tradition und Praxis, die mitunter zu kontroversen Diskussionen führt. Im Fokus einer phänomenologisch inspirierten Analyse nimmt Tanja Theißen sie als eine mehr-als-menschliche Praxis in den Blick. Sie bietet wertvolle Erkenntnisse über das Beziehungsgeflecht von Menschen, Tieren und Landschaft während der Jagd, über die Werte und Normen der Jagenden und das vielfältige Konfliktpotenzial in einer umkämpften Landschaft. Selbst zur Jägerin geworden, beschreibt sie detailreich die Jagdpraxis und analysiert das spezifisch Menschliche und das Mehr-als-Menschliche dieser Praxis. Ihre Ethnografie bietet zudem Anknüpfungspunkte zur phänomenologischen Philosophie, Praxistheorie und den Human-Animal Studies.
Der Widerspenstigen Verstümmelung
Authors: Finzsch Norbert
Published: April 2021

Die Kliteridektomie war auch in westlichen Gesellschaften ein massenhaft angewandtes Mittel zur Kontrolle weiblicher Sexualität. Norbert Finzsch geht der Geschichte der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung, kurz FGM oder FMC, nach und konzentriert sich dabei territorial auf Deutschland, Frankreich, Großbritannien und die USA. Die Untersuchung reicht von der Frühen Neuzeit bis in die Gegenwart und gibt Einblicke in die diskursiven Schichten dieser sexistischen Praxis und in die gewaltsamen Auswirkungen für die betroffenen Frauen. Nicht zuletzt deckt die sozialpsychologische Perspektive vieles über männliche Ängste vor (sexueller) Autonomie von Frauen auf.
Combined accuracy of optic nerve sheath diameter, strain ratio, and shear wave elastography of the optic nerve in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Razek Ahmed Abdel Khalek Abdel , Elsaid Nada , Belal Tamer , Batouty Nihal , Azab Ahmed
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This study assessed the combined accuracy of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), strain ratio (SR), and shear wave elastography (SWE) of the optic nerve (ON) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).Methods: This prospective study was carried out on both ONs of 34 consecutive patients diagnosed with IIH and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. All of the study participants were women. The ONSD, SR, and SWE of the ON were measured. The severity of papilledema of IIH patients was sub-classified into mild papilledema and moderate/severe papilledema.Results: The mean ONSD (5.6±1.1 mm), SR (0.7±0.1), and SWE (30.1±16.7 kPa) of the IIH patients were significantly different (P=0.001) from the ONSD (4.1±0.5 mm), SR (0.9±0.1), and SWE (8.2±3.4 kPa) of controls. The cutoff values of ONSD, SR, and SWE of the ON for differentiating IIH patients from controls were 5.45 mm, 0.8, and 10.3 kPa with areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.91, 0.86, and 0.96 and accuracy values of 91%, 81%, and 93%, respectively. Combined SWE and ONSD and combined SWE, ONSD, and SR for differentiating IIH patients from controls revealed AUCs of 0.98 and 0.99 and accuracy values of 96% and 96%, respectively. ONSD, SR, and SWE showed significant differences between mild and moderate/severe papilledema (P=0.001). Papilledema was correlated with SWE (r=0.8, P=0.001), ONSD (r=0.4, P=0.001), and SR (r=-0.4, P=0.001).Conclusion: The combination of ONSD, SR, and SWE may be helpful for diagnosing IIH, and a good indicator of the degree of papilledema.
Agri-food supply chain and disruptions due to COVID-19: Effects and Strategies
Authors: Sid Saurabh , Mor Rahul S , Panghal Anupama , Kumar Dinesh , Gahlawat Vijay Kumar
Published: April 2021

Goal: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has severely affected the global economies. It has a considerable effect on the agri-food economy and the linking food supply chains. The entire agri-food sector needs more attention because the concept of ‘work from home’ does not work here, and life cannot move even a single step without food. This paper offers a future agri-food sector perspective amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design / Methodology / Approach: This paper explores the short-term and long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on agri-food supply chains (AFSCs) based on the available information. The regulatory mechanisms taken by different government agencies, NGOs, and the food industry to manage the demand & supply disruptions are also discussed.

Results: The detailed effect analysis of the COVID-19 on agri-food supply chains and remedial strategies are conducted for different interfaces of AFSC, viz. production, handling & storage, processing & packaging, distribution & marketing, consumption, etc.

Limitations of the investigation: Given the research area's novelty, it may take enormous time to fully assess the current pandemic (COVID-19) effect on agri-food and its allied sectors.

Practical implications: This paper would help the agri-food industry and the authorities assess the effect of COVID-19 on the agri-food sector.

Originality/Value: This paper significantly contributes to new research directions and views for the AFSC and disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Approach to feeding problems in babies with cleft lip and/or palate
Authors: SIRIKEN Fatih
Published: April 2021

Cleft lip and/or palate is one of the most common craniofacial congenital anomalies and is most common in the orofacial region. The incidence of this congenital anomaly in newborn babies is around 15%. Although the pathogenesis of these congenital malformations is not fully known, there is evidence that both dietary and genetic fac- tors play a role, and this evidence is increasing day by day. Children with cleft lip and/or palate may be malnourished after birth due to nutritional difficulties. Children with these deformities are often impaired in growth compared to healthy children. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory for the evaluation of these babies. Feeding newborns with cleft lip and/or palate in the beginning is a major concern for parents. Nutritional interventions such as breastfeeding, modified bottles and/or nipple, occlu- sive pads and maternal counseling and support are needed, so this article aims to review some nutritional issues and adaptations in this regard.
Report of a pregnant woman with mosaic Turner syndrome
Authors: TOPDAĞI Yunus Emre
Published: April 2021

Spontaneous pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome is rare (5%) and relative- ly high risk. A number of methods to preserve fertility in such women have been discussed. Careful follow-up is required during these pregnancies due to the high incidence rates of neonatal, obstetric, maternal, and cardiovascular complications. A 39-year-old multigravid woman (G5, P3, A2) with mosaic Turner syndrome with a history of three spontaneous pregnancies and two miscarriages was evaluated at our clinic. The analysis showed mos 45,X [9]/46,XX [38] mosaic Turner syndrome. Her first and fourth pregnancies resulted in miscarriages during the first trimester. Here, we discuss a pregnant woman with mosaic Turner syndrome with unaffected fertility but with a history of spontaneous pregnancies/miscarriages, with reference to the current literature.
In-Band Full-Duplex FSK transceiver for IoT
Authors: El Khattabi Mohammed , Khaldoun Mohammed , Elmesbahi Jelloul , Errami Ahmed
Published: April 2021

A wireless frequency shift keying (FSK) transceiver that can simultaneously transmit and receive over the same radio channel using a novel complex baseband technique is introduced. The proposed design combines a traditional FSK modulator with a new frame-based demodulation technique able to recover data without using traditional cancellation techniques. Self Interference (SI) level has no impact on demodulation and can be ignored. The mathematical equations are detailed and validated by simulation. The implementation through software defined radio (SDR) using Ettus B210 USRP and GNU Radio proves that the system works properly and enables the In-Band Full-Duplex (IBFD) for FSK. An example of one single hope real-world IBFD communication is presented. Energy efficiency and System performances have been also evaluated using the bit error rate (BER) curve and discussed. The proposed technique enhances the spectral efficiency by factor 2 and seems very useful for low-rate applications such many internet of things (IoT) devices.
Superhydrophobic wood surface fabricated by Cu2O nano-particles and stearic acid: its acid/alkali and wear resistance
Authors: Zhan Ke , Xia Sengwei , Lu Quanxiong , Cheng Ruifeng , Jiang Haiqiu , Yi Tengfei , Morrell Jeffrey , Yang Long , Xie Linkun , Lei Hong , Du Guanben , Gao Wei
Published: April 2021

Reducing the hydrophilic nature of wood could enhance dimensional stability and improve life cycle performance. Masson pine and pecan wood were modified to create superhydrophobic, self-cleaning functions by spray-coating with Cu2O nano-particles (Cu2O NPs)/phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin mixed solution followed by immersion in a stearic acid ethanol solution. Two types of Cu2O NPs, derived from different concentrations of copper chloride (CuCl2) were evaluated for their ability to improve hydrophobicity of wood surface. A special petal-shaped structure on the edge of Cu2O NPs was found on modified pecan wood, and water contact angles (WCA) of both kind of modified wood reached around 155° and sliding angles (SA) less than 10°. Meanwhile, low liquid permeability and excellent repellency to aqueous solutions with pH = 1 to 13 were achieved. The critical WCA around 150° was also maintained on modified wood surfaces after being immersed in strong acid (pH = 2) and strong alkali (pH = 12) solutions for 12 h. Furthermore, remarkable mechanical durability was obtained after harsh abrading test, which could be attributed to the high bond strength from cured PF resin adhesive. Such highly waterproof, acid/alkali resistant and hard-wearing superhydrophobic surface must have potential to be widely applied in wood products industry.
Exposure to prolonged unpredictable light impairs spatial memory via induction of oxidative stress and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rats
Authors: Faborode Oluwaseun S. , Yusuf Issa O. , Okpe Paschal O. , Okudaje Ann O. , Onasanwo Samuel A.
Published: April 2021

Objectives

The human body physiology rapidly changes and adapt to several environmental stimuli, including light. Abnormal artificial light exposures have been shown to affect sleep cycle, cognition, and mood. Although studies have reported inconsistent effects of short-term or constant long-term light exposures, human exposures to artificial lights occur at varying, unpredictable times and duration daily. Here, we studied the effects of long-term unpredictable light exposure on learning, memory, oxidative status, and associated cytokines in rats.

Methods

Artificial lighting was provided using an array of white light-emitting diodes coupled to a microcontroller that switches them on or off at unpredictable times and duration (light intensity = 200 ± 20 lx). Within the last eight days of 40 days exposure, animals were subjected to open field test, Morris water maze, and novel object recognition behavioral paradigms. Brain levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assayed.

Results

Exposed rats showed impaired spatial learning and memory (p<0.05), but no changes in object recognition memory or locomotor activity. Oxidative stress analyses also revealed significant changes in the concentrations of MDA, SOD, catalase, and GSH levels (p<0.05), not GST. Similarly, there was an increased TNF-α expression (p<0.05), not VEGF.

Conclusions

We conclude that oxidative stress is involved in memory impairment in rats exposed to prolonged unpredictable lights, which again suggests the detrimental effects of extended light exposure on the nervous system.
Algogen-induced vasosensory reflexes modulate short-term heart rate variability parameters in experimental rat models
Authors: Revand Ravindran , Singh Sanjeev K.
Published: April 2021

Objectives

The present work was designed to study the modulatory effects of algogen-induced vasosensory reflex responses on short-term heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in naïve and vagotomized rat models.

Methods

In this study, vasosensory reflex responses were elicited by instilling algogens (bradykinin/histamine), a component of inflammatory mediators into a local segment of medium-sized peripheral blood vessel (femoral artery) while a continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded. Short-term (5 min) ECG segments obtained from original recordings were examined in detail and relevant data of HRV parameters were pooled. Time domain and frequency domain analyses were performed using dedicated software (LabChart 8, AD Instruments®, Australia) and results were analyzed.

Results

Bradykinin-induced vasosensory reflexes caused significant alterations in both time domain and frequency domain HRV parameters as compared to the time-matched saline control group. Instillation of bradykinin caused a transient increase in NN interval, RMSSD, TSP, HF power (HFP) along with a decrease in the standard deviation of all normal NN intervals (SDNN), SDNN/RMSSD, LF power (LFP), LFP/HFP. Histamine produced a similar pattern of responses, but HRV alterations were less pronounced compared to those with bradykinin. Further analysis revealed that algogen-induced vasosensory reflex responses caused an increase in the parasympathetic influence on the heart accompanied by a decrease in sympathetic influence. In addition, HRV modulation by algogen-induced vasosensory reflexes was significantly attenuated in vagotomized rats, illustrating the principal role of vagus in the reflex HRV modulation.

Conclusions

The present study proposes a novel hypothesis regarding the cardio-protective role of inflammatory mediators during acute stress, by potentiating the vagal impact and attenuating the sympathetic impact on the heart.
Analyzing of UVLC system considering the effect of water depth
Authors: Al-Deen Mustafa B. , Ali Mazin Ali A. , Saleh Zeyad A.
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a new approach to discover the effect of depth water for underwater visible light communications (UVLC). The quality of the optical link was investigated with varying water depth under coastal water types. The performance of the UVLC with multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) techniques was examined in terms of bit error rate (BER) and data rate. The theoretical result explains that there is a good performance for UVLC system under coastal water.
Eccentricity based topological indices of face centered cubic lattice FCC(n)
Authors: Shaker Hani , Imran Muhammad , Sajjad Wasim
Published: April 2021

Chemical graph theory has become a prime gadget for mathematical chemistry due to its wide range of graph theoretical applications for solving molecular problems. A numerical quantity is named as topological index which explains the topological characteristics of a chemical graph. Recently face centered cubic lattice FCC(n) attracted large attention due to its prominent and distinguished properties. Mujahed and Nagy (2016, 2018) calculated the precise expression for Wiener index and hyper-Wiener index on rows of unit cells of FCC(n). In this paper, we present the ECI (eccentric-connectivity index), TCI (total-eccentricity index), CEI (connective eccentric index), and first eccentric Zagreb index of face centered cubic lattice.
Quasi-stability and continuity of attractors for nonlinear system of wave equations
Authors: Freitas M. M. , Dos Santos M. J. , Ramos A. J. A. , Vinhote M. S. , Santos M. L.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we study the long-time behavior of a nonlinear coupled system of wave equations with damping terms and subjected to small perturbations of autonomous external forces. Using the recent approach by Chueshov and Lasiecka in [21], we prove that this dynamical system is quasi-stable by establishing a quasistability estimate, as consequence, the existence of global and exponential attractors is proved. Finally, we investigate the upper and lower semicontinuity of global attractors under autonomous perturbations.
Production of fines from refined kraft pulp by fractionation with micro-perforated screens
Authors: Björk Elisabeth , Vomhoff Hannes , Engstrand Per
Published: April 2021

The objective in this work was to obtain a fine fraction of kraft pulp, with as high concentration as possible, in a pilot-scale fractionation with micro-perforated screen baskets. The influence of screen basket surface, hole size, feed concentration, pulp type and refining segment design was investigated. The results showed that a smooth screen basket surface improved the fractionation efficiency of the unrefined pulp compared to a profiled screen basket, despite a larger hole size. A significantly higher fine fraction concentration was obtained when using refined hardwood pulp compared to when using softwood pulp, which was explained with its lower average fibre length and narrower and thus more flexible fibre fragments. The pilot trials also showed that the screening process could be operated at feed concentrations similar to those directly after a refiner, 30–40 g/l. This was demonstrated in a process layout with partial recirculation where a refiner and a micro-perforated screen basket were operated in series in pilot scale.
Formal Credit Constraint and Prevalence of Reciprocal Loans in Rural China
Authors: Zhao Jianmei
Published: April 2021

The unique feature of the rural credit market in China is the dominance of zero collateral and zero-interest reciprocal lending and its long-term coexistence with the formal loan. This paper investigates the association between formal credit constraint and prevalence of reciprocal loans in rural China. Based on the identification of rural households’ credit constraint status, we examine the effects of credit constraint on the utilization of informal reciprocal loans. We find that formal credit constraint significantly increases rural borrowers’ reliance on reciprocal loans, whereas the “debt of gratitude” imposes an uncertain obligation on rural borrowers, and discourages them from borrowing amongst relatives and friends.
Predictive Policing als Treiber rechtlicher Innovation?
Authors: Egbert Simon
Published: April 2021

In zahlreichen Polizeibehörden im deutschsprachigen Raum werden algorithmengestützte Prognosetechnologien angewendet, die vorhersagebasierte Polizeiarbeit (Predictive Policing) ermöglichen sollen. Gegenwärtig werden dabei vor allem auf Basis von polizeilichen Kriminalitätsdaten Vorhersagen über die Wahrscheinlichkeit zukünftiger Wohnungseinbruchdiebstähle für bestimmte raumzeitliche Konstellationen generiert. Diese polizeiliche Nutzung von Prognosesoftware wird in diesem Beitrag als mögliche rechtsexterne Innovation analysiert, die auf Grund ihrer temporalen Neukonfiguration polizeilichen Wissens und ihrer algorithmischen Fundierung erhebliches Potential für legislative und judikative Adaptionen enthält, da die existierenden polizei- und strafrechtlichen Regelungen mit diesen neuen, algorithmengestützten Polizeipraktiken an ihre Grenzen stoßen. Unter Rückgriff auf qualitative Daten über die Durchführung von Predictive Policing im deutschsprachigen Raum wird diese These empirisch fundiert plausibilisiert und mithin Predictive Policing als Treiber rechtlicher Innovationen konturiert. Den Hintergrund dieser Überlegungen bildet die Überzeugung, dass neue Technologien intendierte wie auch nicht-intendierte Folgeeffekte haben, die gerade auf praktischer Alltagsebene wirksam werden und auf diese Weise Rechtskreationenfrom belowanimieren können.
Die Verfassung gesellschaftlicher Mehrwerte
Authors: Teubner Gunther
Published: April 2021

Der Artikel bestreitet das Alleinstellungsmerkmal des ökonomischen Profits in fortgeschrittenen kapitalistischen Gesellschaften und stellt die These auf, dass analoge Mehrwertzwänge ebenso im Recht und in anderen sozialen Bereichen wirken und diese auch nicht einfach ein Produkt ökonomischer Prozesse sind. Nicht nur die Ökonomie, sondern auch andere Funktionssysteme, darunter das Recht, zwingen ihre Operationen dazu, einen spezifischen – nun aber nicht-monetären – Mehrwert über ihre unmittelbare Sinnproduktion hinaus zu produzieren. Gegenstand der Mehrwertproduktion ist jeweils das systemspezifische Kommunikationsmedium – Macht, Wahrheit/Reputation, Geld, juridische Autorität und andere.

Der Erfolg der unterschiedlichen Mehrwertzwänge ist verantwortlich für die immense Produktivität des Kapitalismus. Zugleich weisen diese Zwänge eine exzessive Ambivalenz auf: neben ihrer Produktivität haben sie eine destruktive dunkle Seite. Ähnlich wie die Profitzwänge in der Ökonomie verwirklichen die nicht-monetären Mehrwertzwänge im Recht und in anderen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen selbst- und fremddestruktive Tendenzen.

Gegenstrategien des Rechts, welche die negativen Konsequenzen unterschiedlicher Mehrwertzwänge einzudämmen suchen, könnten sich von Karl Polanyis berühmten Konzept der fiktionalen Waren und ihrer Ersetzung durch Nicht-Markt-Institutionen inspirieren lassen. Die Rolle des Rechts wäre, eine gesellschaftsweite Reflexion über die Produktion und die Verteilung gesellschaftlicher Mehrwerte zu institutionalisieren, einschließlich der Mehrwerte des Rechts selbst.
Die Verwaltungspraxis in der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende – eine rechtstatsächliche Analyse am Beispiel der kommunalen Jobcenter
Authors: Banafsche Minou , Klenk Tanja
Published: April 2021

Der Widerspruch gegen eine Behördenentscheidung ermöglicht es dem/der Bürger*in im Vorfeld einer gerichtlichen Auseinandersetzung, eine Überprüfung durch die Behörde herbeizuführen. Damit sollen ihm/ihr niedrigschwelliger Rechtsschutz gewährt, der Behörde die Möglichkeit zur Korrektur gegeben und die Gerichte entlastet werden. Wie gehen die Behörden nun aber mit dem Instrument des Widerspruchs tatsächlich um? Und was sagt das aus über dessen Bedeutung in der Verwaltungspraxis? Diese Fragen sind gesellschaftspolitisch relevant und auch wissenschaftlich von großem Interesse. Das gilt vor allem für die Bereiche, in denen die Klagequote gegen Widerspruchsbescheide auffallend hoch ist. Hier sticht die Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende hervor, die deshalb den rechtlichen Rahmen der Untersuchung bildet. Die wissenschaftliche Herausforderung erwächst daraus, dass die für die Grundsicherung unter anderem zuständigen kommunalen Jobcenter, die sog. „Optionskommunen“, insoweit eine „Blackbox“ darstellen, als sie kaum Einblicke in ihre internen Strukturen und Arbeitsabläufe zulassen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden eine Fokusgruppendiskussion und eine Befragung der hessischen Optionskommunen zu den Themen Organisation und Personal sowie Evaluation und Qualitätssicherung, einschließlich der behördeninternen und -übergreifenden Kommunikation, durchgeführt. Der Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse vor und diskutiert, inwieweit die vorgefundenen Handlungs- und Entscheidungspraxen geeignet sind, den Funktionen des Widerspruchsverfahrens adäquat Rechnung zu tragen. Im Fokus steht dabei der Aspekt der Verfahrensgerechtigkeit.
Zur rechtssoziologischen Vermessung der Abschaffung, Transformation und Entformalisierung von Recht
Authors: Cottier Michelle
Published: April 2021

Der Eröffnungsvortrag zum Vierten Kongress der deutschsprachigen Rechtssoziologie-Vereinigungen nimmt die drei begrifflichen Vorschläge des Call for Papers zum Kongress, Abschaffung, Transformation und Entformalisierung von Recht, zum Anlass, das Treffen in die Abfolge der drei bisherigen Konferenzen seit 2008 einzuordnen und aufzuzeigen, welche Diskussionsstränge sich durch die Konferenzreihe durchziehen. Diese inhaltliche Perspektive wird in einem zweiten Teil ergänzt durch einige Beobachtungen zu den strukturellen Wirkungen und Dynamiken, die die Dreiländer-Kongresse im Feld der deutschsprachigen „Recht und Gesellschaft“-Forschung ausgelöst haben. Der dritte Teil stellt die Frage, ob es gelungen ist, ein neues Forschungs-Netzwerk zu konstituieren und welche Aufgaben diesbezüglich anstehen.
Implicit Beliefs About Emotions in Youth: Associations With Temperamental Negative Emotionality and Depression
Authors: Crawford Christopher M. , Griffith Julianne M. , Hankin Benjamin L. , Young Jami F.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Individual differences in beliefs about the controllability of emotions are associated with a range of psychosocial outcomes, including depressive symptoms. Less is known, however, about factors contributing to individual differences in these beliefs. The current study examined prospective associations between negative emotionality (NE) and implicit beliefs about emotions, as well as the indirect effect of NE on depressive symptoms through implicit beliefs about emotions.

Methods: In a sample of children and adolescents, NE was assessed at baseline, implicit beliefs about emotions were assessed 18 months later, and depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and 36 months later.

Results: NE was associated with implicit beliefs about emotions, and an indirect effect of NE on depressive symptoms through implicit beliefs about emotions was observed.

Discussion: NE represents a salient dispositional vulnerability factor contributing to individual differences in implicit beliefs about emotions, with implications for the development of depressive symptoms in youth.
Zoom or In-Person: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study the Effects of time With Friends and Depressive Symptoms on Affect in Emerging Adults
Authors: Kesselring Irena , Yaremych Haley E. , Pegg Samantha , Dickey Lindsay , Kujawa Autumn
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Depression is associated with increased negative affect (NA), low positive affect (PA), and interpersonal difficulties. The present study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to capture real-time data and explore the links between depressive symptoms, social interactions, and affect.

Methods: Emerging adults (N = 86) completed a self-report measure of general depression and dysphoria symptoms, followed by EMA surveys 8 times daily for one week, reporting momentary affect and social context (in-person and virtual interactions).

Results: In-person, but not virtual, presence of friends was associated with increased PA overall. Depressive symptoms predicted less time with in-person friends and elevated NA. In-person friends' presence was associated with lower NA only for those low in dysphoria.

Discussion: In-person time with friends, but not virtual interactions, appears to be associated with increased PA overall and decreased NA for those lower in depression. Those with greater depressive symptoms may be less responsive to positive stimuli and experience less mood-buffering from friends.
Relation of kidney function and homocysteine in patients with hypothyroidism
Authors: Pan Qingrong , Gao Shuxin , Gao Xia , Yang Ning , Yao Zhi , Hu Yanjin , Miao Li , Chen Zhe , Wang Guang
Published: April 2021

Objective

It has been found that both serum homocysteine (Hcy) and serum creatinine levels were increased in hypothyroidism patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between serum Hcy and kidney function in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism.

Methods

A total of 448 subjects were enrolled and divided into three groups: hypothyroidism (n = 129), subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 141), and control group (n = 168). Anthropometric information, metabolic parameters, serum Hcy and creatinine levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed.

Results

Compared with healthy subjects, patients with subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism had significantly higher serum Hcy and creatinine levels and lower eGFR level (all P < 0.001). Serum Hcy was negatively correlated with eGFR in subclinical hypothyroidism patients (r = −0.220, P = 0.009), and in hypothyroidism patients (r = −0.422, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex and BMI, eGFR was still significantly correlated with serum Hcy in subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism patients (both P < 0.05). Levothyroxine treatment resulted in significantly decreased Hcy and increased eGFR in hypothyroidism patients (both P < 0.001). The decrease in Hcy was correlated with the increased eGFR after treatment (P = 0.001).

Conclusion

Serum Hcy was negatively correlated with eGFR in subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism patients. After levothyroxine treatment, a correlation was found between the decrease in serum Hcy and the increase in eGFR in hypothyroidism patients.
Synthesis, structure and morphology of magnesium ferrite nanoparticles, synthesized via “green” method
Authors: Tatarchuk T. , Myslin M. , Lapchuk I. , Olkhovyy O. , Danyliuk N. , Mandzyuk V.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the synthesis of spinel magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) nanoparticles is reported, along with its structural, magnetic and hyperthermic properties, which ensure them being effectively used in various fields. Firstly, magnesium ferrite was synthesized via sol-gel auto-combustion method, using honey as the reducing agent. The crystallite size was calculated via the Scherrer method, the modified Scherrer method, the Williamson-Hall method, and the size-strain plot (SSP) method. X-ray analysis was used to confirm the structure of the spinel. For morphological study of ferrite nanoparticles, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. Finally, hyperthermic properties of magnesium ferrite were analyzed for potential usage in medicine. According to these results, spinel magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) nanoparticles proved to be suitable for destruction of cancer cells, as they can be heated to the desired temperature, which will increase the sensitivity of those cells.
The study of the behavior of Al impurity in ZnO lattice by a fullerene like model
Authors: Ovsiannikova L.I. , Lashkarev G.V. , Kartuzov V.V. , Myroniuk D.V. , Dranchuk M.V. , Ievtushenko A.I.
Published: April 2021

The fullerene like Zn32Al4O36 clusters were investigated and the oxygen interstitial Oi acceptor intrinsic defect formation energy as well as Al ionization energy were calculated. The effect of lattice packing defects on the electroactivity of Al impurity was investigated. Analysis of the defects formation energies shows the smaller formation energy of interstitial Oi in a comparison with a formation of Zn vacancy. This allows us to formulate recommendations of technological conditions for films deposition, with improved electroactivity of Al donor.
Dostoevsky’s Repertoire for Children
Authors: Vassena Rafaella
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to two collections of works for children by F. M. Dostoevsky, compiled by his widow Anna Grigorievna: “A selection from the works of F. M. Dostoevsky for secondary school-age children (over 14 years of age),” edited by V. Ya. Stoyunin in 1887, and “Dostoevsky for school-age children,” published in 1897 under A. V. Kruglov’s editorship. Dostoevskaya’s collaboration with two professionals and experts in child psychology, Stoyunin and Kruglov, allowed her to overcome the failure of the 1883 volume “To Russian children” and consolidate the foundations of Dostoevsky’s “repertoire for children.” The article introduces new archival materials, which allow to reconstruct the history of the publication of these volumes, formulates the tasks Dostoevskaya assigned to them to disseminate her husband’s works, and describes their reception by pedagogical criticism and state institutions responsible for the regulation of children’s reading in Russia in the last two decades of the 19th century.