bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chalcogenide microfiber-assisted silica microfiber for ultrasound detection
Authors: Fan Huibo , Chen Liang , Bao Xiaoyi
Published: January 2020

An ultra-compact ultrasound sensor with a chalcogenide (ChG) microfiber and a silica microfiber is fabricated. It can detect the ultrasound wave generated by a piezoelectric transducer peaked at 3.7 MHz. The sensor shows the broadband ultrasound frequency response with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), owing to the high refractive index and small Young’s modulus of ChG material. A ChG (

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) microfiber of 2 µm diameter is adhered to the surface of a silica microfiber with a diameter of 5 µm via Van der Waals force; the transmission spectrum has high contrast due to multi-mode interference in this hybrid structure. The SNR response could be up to 70 dB, especially at low frequency due to the soft ChG microfiber as a sensing unit to magnify the ultrasound signal, along with an SNR over 12 dB at ultrasound of 31.2 MHz. As a comparison, a silica taper with the same size as the ChG microfiber is also placed on the silica microfiber with a diameter of 5 µm to detect an ultrasound signal from 18 kHz to 9.4 MHz with an SNR lower than that based on the ChG microfiber up to 38.8 dB, showing the high sensitivity of the ChG microfiber.
Demonstration of a polarization-entangled photon-pair source based on phase-modulated PPLN
Authors: Kuo Paulina S. , Verma Varun B. , Woo Nam Sae
Published: January 2020

We develop and demonstrate a source of polarization-entangled photon pairs using spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in domain-engineered, periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) at telecom wavelengths. Pumped at 775 nm, this domain-engineered type-II SPDC source produces non-degenerate signal and idler pairs at 1530 nm and 1569 nm. Because of birefringence, the photon pair with horizontally polarized signal and vertically polarized idler has a different phasematching condition than the pair with vertically polarized signal and horizontally polarized idler. Using phase-modulation of the domain structure, we produced a crystal that can simultaneously generate both states in a distributed fashion throughout a single crystal. Performing SPDC using this aperiodically poled crystal, we observed polarization entanglement visibility above 93%. We compare the phase-modulated crystal to other aperiodic structures, including dual-periodically-poled and interlaced biperiodic structures.
Percepción de la población inmigrante sobre el sistema nacional de salud español
Authors: Sancho Cantus David
Published: January 2020

El objetivo principal es conocer la percepción actual que tienen los inmigrantes de origen marroquí sobre el Sistema Nacional de Salud, en el departamento de salud de Xativa-Ontinyent. En cuanto a la metodología, se trata de un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas llevadas a cabo durante los meses de octubre de 2017 a mayo de 2018. Los resultados principales aportan que casi la totalidad de los entrevistados refiere haberse sentido discriminado/a en alguna ocasión. Según apuntan, el color de piel, el no dominar el idioma a la perfección y el hecho de ser de otro país culturalmente distinto son motivos de discriminación. En conclusión, el sistema sanitario español retrocede en cuanto a derechos humanos tras la implantación del Real Decreto Ley 16/2012, de 20 de abril, donde la asistencia gratuita y universal desaparece, quedando los más desfavorecidos y sin recursos excluidos de recibir atención sanitaria de calidad y aumentando las diferencias sociales entre personas.
Percepción de profesionales de enfermería sobre la valoración de la sexualidad en adultos mayores (Chile)
Authors: Valenzuela Jara Diego Alejandro , Torres Herrera Ariel Leonardo , Mellado Sáez Martin Fernando , Palominos Contreras Javiera Isidora , Quijada Sánchez Denisse , Garcia Vallejos Gloria
Published: January 2020

Se plantea como objetivo principal de investigación, conocer la percepción de las/os profesionales de enfermería sobre la valoración de la sexualidad del adulto mayor  a los que brindan cuidados en la atención primaria de salud. Para ello plantea un estudio cualitativo con enfoque descriptivo y análisis de datos mediante  teoría fundamentada, tomando una muestra de estudio elegida por conveniencia y basada ciertos criterios, egresados enfermeros/as de universidades públicas o privadas con mínimo de 2 años de trabajo, trabajar actualmente en APS,  excluyendo profesionales egresados de enfermería-obstetricia, poseedores de carrera anexa en obstetricia y no trabajar en APS. En los resultados se establecen cuatro categorías principales, las cuales son “significado que le atribuyen los profesionales a la sexualidad”, “relevancia de la sexualidad en adultos mayores”, “factores influyentes en la valoración de la sexualidad”, “fortalezas y debilidades profesionales en la valoración”, además aparecen categorías emergentes, que son: “factores por mejorar al valorar la sexualidad”, “necesidad de un instrumento de valoración de la sexualidad”. Se establece que la sexualidad como elemento vital en la salud de los adultos mayores influenciada estrictamente por factores socio-culturales, además de la creciente necesidad de un instrumento que permita valorar la sexualidad y orientaciones técnicas a nivel ministerial.
História do ensino de História de Enfermagem no Brasil
Authors: Oguisso Taka , Moreira Almerinda
Published: January 2020

Descreve a trajetória do ensino de História da Enfermagem. Tem por objetivo discutir a inserção de seu conteúdo nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem. Apresenta a sequência de sua inclusão como disciplina independente ou integrada em outras nos diversos modelos curriculares desde 1923 até o presente.
El DRAE (1817-1852) a través de la prensa española
Authors: Puche Lorenzo Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2020

Durante el siglo XIX, la actividad periodística se multiplica con respecto a épocas anteriores. La prensa se erige en un testimonio indispensable para conocer la evolución de la lengua. Además, quienes escriben en esas publicaciones muestran sus opiniones respecto a los usos y las obras de carácter lingüístico. La divulgación de esas opiniones podría incidir en los lectores, influyendo en el criterio que adoptarían ante aquellos. Por ello, se estudia la presencia del diccionario académico, correspondiente a las ediciones comprendidas entre 1817 y 1852, en las páginas de la prensa para analizar las opiniones que de él se vertían o las correcciones que se sugerían. A través de ellas, conoceremos con mayor exactitud la extensión social del diccionario, la evolución que se produjo en las sucesivas ediciones o la influencia que ejerció el periodismo para modificar determinadas definiciones o incluir nuevos lemas.
Participio pasivo y arcaísmo en el DRAE (ediciones de 1822 y 1832)
Authors: Jiménez Ríos Enrique
Published: January 2020

El artículo examina la supresión de participios pasivos en la sexta y séptima ediciones (1822 y 1832) del Diccionario de la lengua castellana de la Real Academia Española. La condición de variante gráfica, de arcaísmo y, sobre todo, de participio pasivo determina su eliminación en estas ediciones. Se aplica así una decisión lexicográfica de la que dan cuenta los prólogos respectivos. No obstante, como el participio puede ser usado como adjetivo (o sustantivo) y desarrollar acepciones propias de estas clases de palabras, se impone su mantenimiento en el diccionario, situación que la Academia resuelve de distinto modo desde el Diccionario de autoridades hasta hoy.
Carles de Viana entre ira regia y fin’amor
Authors: Di Stefano Giuseppe
Published: January 2020

Esta investigación perfila el trasfondo histórico-político, emotivo y poético-cultural relacionado con el romance fragmentario «Por los montes Perineos» sobre la huida del príncipe Carles de Viana hacia el exilio. El texto se transmite en BA1, seguido de una Escorreguda de tema amoroso, cuya copia no parece, en ningún modo, casual. En paralelo a estas composiciones, se sitúan dos romances que se transmiten únicamente en el Cancionero musical de Palacio y presentan varios elementos en común, externos e internos, con el romance «Por los montes Perineos». Estos textos poéticos reflejan, en última instancia, los principales problemas que acompañaron al príncipe Carles de Viana durante su vida: la ira de su padre, el rey Juan II, y las cuitas amorosas, cuestiones que, de igual manera, tienen su eco en distintas manifestaciones literarias del propio Carles de Viana.
On some Spanish poetic manuscripts from the Bibliotheca Phillippica now in Cambridge University Library
Authors: Hook David
Published: January 2020

A group of Golden Age Spanish literary manuscripts, among them several poetic collections or cancioneros, was acquired by Cambridge University Library at a Bibliotheca Phillippica auction in 1970. A summary list of these is provided, together with lists of other similar MSS acquired at auction in 1973 and by bequest from the library of E. M. Wilson (d. 1977). In the light of some recent studies referring to the 1970 acquisitions, consideration is given to desiderata in scholarly reference to manuscripts formerly in the library of Sir Thomas Phillipps (1792-1872).
Anticipation of the entry and spread of Equine Infectious Anemia in Horses in Indonesia
Authors: Saepullah Muharam , Sendow Indrawati , Ratnawati Atik , Dharmayanti NLP Indi
Published: January 2020

Horse is an attractive commodity in the world of horse matches, both for horse racing and equistrian. Recently, Asian countries including Indonesia have conducted international horse races. Horse traffic from several countries is unavoidable. This movement can lead to the entry of new diseases or the transmission of imported horses from local horses. At present, data on horse disease in Indonesia has not been widely reported, including Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA). This paper discusses EIA disease in horses about the etiology, characterization, spread of disease, its status in Indonesia and its treatment. EIA is a chronic disease characterized by high fever and thrombocytopenia. One of the factors that spread EIA infection, namely through traffic or horse movements. The highest risk factors for the spread of EIA disease are in the equestrian sector, followed by horse as a hobby, horse show or fattening horses for consumption. Wet environmental factors have higher risk to infection than dry areas. Applying the proper quarantine system, monitoring horse disease through surveillance, and implementing biosecurity at farms, location of events and at veterinary clinics, need to be done so that the entry of EIA disease can be anticipated as early as possible. This paper is expected to be useful and can be used as input for policy makers in the horse imports and movement.
Para o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de participação na escola
Authors: Campos Fabíula Luiza Rezende , Paro César Augusto
Published: January 2020

Este ensaio trata-se de um exercício crítico que busca refletir sobre as possibilidades e contextos para o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de participação na escola a partir das contribuições advindas do legado freiriano. Para tanto, caracteriza inicialmente a noção de participação em um contexto mais geral e também na educação em específico, e, posteriormente, trava um diálogo com a compreensão ético-crítico-político de educação de Paulo Freire, destacando seus aportes sobre participação, engajamento, mobilização, democracia e cidadania. Finaliza trazendo problematizações para subsidiar transformações no cotidiano escolar com vistas a uma participação cidadã, em que se aponta a necessidade de se rever a própria noção de escola, a missão educacional, a perspectiva pedagógica adotada nas práticas de ensino-aprendizagem e a visão que se tem do educando.
GO PISA! Indicativos para elaboração de políticas públicas educacionais
Authors: Gomes Marcelo Carboni , Pimentel Theberge Ramos , Brito Renato de Oliveira
Published: January 2020

Este artigo tem como base a avaliação do PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) realizada em 2015, mais especificamente a coleta de dados com foco na atuação de estudantes e professores do Brasil, com o objetivo de apresentar indicativos para possível elaboração de políticas públicas para educação no País. O estudo constitui-se da análise de informações, tomando como metodologia as diretrizes de comparação da efetividade educacional com os países participantes e os resultados obtidos com os alunos brasileiros que atendem muitos quesitos, principalmente da rede federal de educação. A análise demonstra que são necessários investimentos em formação dos professores, infraestrutura nas escolas e definição da continuidade dos meios de avaliação por meio de políticas de Estado.
Avaliação do aluno surdo na escola regular: pressupostos legais e experiências
Authors: Corrêa Adriana , Carneiro Pires Aparecida , Vieira Francileide Batista de Almeida
Published: January 2020

O presente trabalho objetivou identificar (na legislação e na literatura) pressupostos, recursos e práticas de avaliação para surdos. Para tal, definimos como percurso metodológico a pesquisa exploratória, pautada na análise documental e na revisão da literatura, embasando-se em Brasília (2014), Brasil (1996, 2015), Libâneo (2007), Luckesi (2011), Hoffmann (2011; 2013) entre outros. Apresentamos uma análise bibliográfica, baseada na legislação que trata da avaliação voltada para o aluno surdo e em resultados de 7 pesquisas. Identificamos que é necessária a formação continuada para modificar a atuação docente ante a avaliação, compreendendo a colaboração outros profissionais e membros da comunidade escolar no processo avaliativo.
Religião, Direitos Humanos, Estado e Laicidade
Authors: Bassi Fabrício de Moura , Pinho Romana Isabel Brázio Valente
Published: January 2020

Resenha da obra Religião, Direitos Humanos e Laicidade, organizada pelo Dr. Luiz Alexandre Solano Rossi e pelo Dr. Sérgio Junqueira, que apresenta os textos das conferências que se realizaram no V Congresso da Associação Nacional dos Programas de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa em Teologia e Ciências da Religião (ANPTECRE).
Bifurcation of time-periodic solutions for the incompressible flow of nematic liquid crystals in three dimension
Authors: Li Hengyan , Zhao Xin , Yan Weiping
Published: January 2020

This paper is devoted to the study of the dynamical behavior for the 3D incompressible flow of liquid crystals. We prove that this system under smooth external forces possesses time dependent periodic solutions, bifurcating from a steady solution.
Growth, yield, fruit mineral and Vitamin C content of Cucurbita pepo. L as affected by Organic and NPK fertilizer
Authors: Dunsin O. , Aboyeji C.M. , Adekiya A.O , Adegbite K.A. , Adebiyi O.T.V , Bello R. O. , Joseph A. , Adesola O. O. , Ajiboye B. , Ndako J.A. , Dunsin D.M.F
Published: January 2020

The nutrients requirement for Cucurbita pepo L. (summer squash) for optimal yield and quality fruits production can be achieved through adequate nutrient supply. A field experiment was carried out during the cropping season of 2015 and 2016 at Landmark University Teaching and Research Farm, Omu-Aran, Nigeria to investigate the impact of Tithonia diversifolia, poultry manure and NPK fertilizer on the growth, yield, mineral and vitamin C content in the fruit of C. pepo. The experiment consisted of T. diversifolia at 30 tons ha−1, poultry manure at 10 tons ha−1, T. diversifolia at 30 tons ha−1 + Poultry manure 10 tons ha−1, T. diversifolia at 30 tons ha−1 + NPK (20:10:10), NPK (20:10:10) and control (no amendment of any kind) arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The growth and fruit yield of C. pepo using the mean of the two years was increased by 68% and 2% respectively by T. diversifolia + poultry manure as compared to control due to an increase in nutrient availability in the soil with the amendment used. Also, Vitamin C content and Mg value of the fruit was increased by application of T. diversifolia as soil amendments as compared to the control. While the application of NPK fertilizer alone significantly increased the Ca, Mn and Fe contents of fruits. Fruit content of K was increased by 39 % by the application of T. diversifolia + NPK. Therefore, for the purpose of growing squash for the quality of fruits (vitamin C), the use of T. diversifolia at 30 tons ha−1 as organic fertilizer is sufficient for the cultivation, while for growing the crop with interest in quantity, application of T. diversifolia at 30 tons ha−1 + poultry manure at 10 tons ha−1 is recommended.
Recognizing Elder Abuse: An Interprofessional Simulation Experience With Prelicensure Health Care Students
Authors: Cunningham Shala , Cunningham Cynthia , Foote Lisa
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose:

A common role within all health care professions includes the ability to recognize and report elder abuse. However, teaching the characteristics and assessment of abuse can be difficult. To allow students to engage in a realistic case-based scenario within a health care team, an immersive simulation was developed involving the care of an elderly woman with signs of abuse. The purpose of this quasiexperimental study was to explore the influence of the experience on the participants' perceptions of interprofessional care and their understanding of the assessment of abuse.

Methods:

This study utilized a mixed-methods research design. A sample of convenience of nursing and physical therapy students (n = 143) from 3 institutions in southwest Virginia was utilized for this study. Participants' perceptions were assessed using the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS) and through focus group interviews.

Results:

Students demonstrated a statistically significant improvement based on the Wilcoxon matched pairs test (P < .001) on all 21 questions of the ISVS. A phenomenological study design was employed for qualitative analysis of focus group interviews performed postsimulation to generate information about the students' perceptions of the experience. Two themes emerged from the interviews: (1) communication as a team to provide wholistic patient care and (2) recognition of abuse.

Discussion:

The students reported an improved understanding of collaboration on a health care team and how to investigate potential abuse occurring in the home. This further supports research suggesting the importance of interactive learning techniques in teaching health care students to recognize symptoms of elder abuse.
A New Method to Simultaneously Measure the Soil–Water Characteristic Curve and Hydraulic Conductivity Function Using Filter Paper
Authors: Li Hua , Li Tonglu , Jiang Ruijun , Wang Yu , Zhang Yaguo
Published: January 2020

The soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) and hydraulic conductivity function (HCF) are widely used to study the hydraulic conductivity behavior of unsaturated soil. This article proposes a filter paper–based instantaneous profile method to simultaneously measure the SWCC and HCF of unsaturated soil. The method uses a small soil column that comprises several vertically stacked soil specimens sandwiched with filter papers. The water content and matric suction of the soil column are measured by weighing the soil specimens and filter papers, respectively, at regular time intervals. Therefore, the matric suction profiles and water content profiles can be obtained, and the SWCC and HCF can be calculated with the profile data. The method was applied to intact loess soil. The measured suction range is 0 to 2×105 kPa, and the measured hydraulic conductivity range is 10−5 to 10−13 m/s. Both SWCC and HCF curves display a bimodal characteristic and are consistent with previous mathematical models. This method is an inexpensive method to measure the SWCC and HCF in a large suction range.
La pesca de podocnemis expansa en el Orinoco Medio: Una perspectiva diacrónica sobre las relaciones entre humanos y tortugas
Authors: Peña Elis Esther Meza
Published: January 2020

Resumen: La tortuga Arrau (Podocnemis expansa) ha sido muy importante en las Tierras Bajas suramericanas desde la época precolonial. Diversos cronistas señalaron sus apreciaciones sobre la pesca de la tortuga para las poblaciones indígenas. Una perspectiva diacrónica a la par de evidenciar las sociabilidades establecidas entre humanos y tortugas, vinculados principalmente a la pesca, colecta de huevos y consumo, también nos permite discutir los efectos de los procesos de colonización en tales relaciones. Localizamos estas reflexiones a partir del análisis material y documental en el contexto del Orinoco Medio.
 
Resumo: A tartaruga amazônica tem sido muito importante nas Terras Baixas sul-americanas desde a época pré-colonial. Diversos viajantes assinalaram suas apreciações sobre a pesca de tartarugas pelas populações indígenas. Uma perspectiva diacrônica, ao demonstrar as sociabilidades estabelecidas entre humanos e tartarugas, principalmente ligadas à pesca, coleta de ovos e consumo, também nos permite discutir os efeitos dos processos de colonização em tais relações. Localizamos essas reflexões a partir da análise material e documental no contexto do Orinoco Médio.
 
Abstract: The Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa) has being important in South America Lowlands since precolonial times. Several chronicles appointed their appreciations about turtle fishing for indigenous populations. A diachronical perspective allows us to evidence the sociabilities established between humans and turtles, mainly related to fishing, eggs collecting and consumption, as well as discuss the effects of the colonization processes in such relationships. These reflections are based on the material and documental analysis in the Middle Orinoco context.
Apresentação dossiê comunidades de pesca: Pessoas, materiais, lugares e peixes
Authors: Borges Caroline , Da Silva Lucas Antonio
Published: January 2020

A reflexão que deu origem a este dossiê parte da constatação, fundada em nossa trajetória de pesquisa, da pouca visibilidade dada as comunidades pescadoras, suas práticas de pesca e seu mundo material nos estudos recentes da arqueologia brasileira. Para tentar promover um melhor contato e trocas entre diferentes pesquisadoras e pesquisadores, propusemos na reunião da SAB-Regional Sul de 2018, que ocorreu em Curitiba/PR entre 8 e 11 de outubro, um simpósio sobre a arqueologia da pesca chamado “Pesca e arqueologia: contextos, materiais, lugares, peixes e comunidades”. Durante este simpósio foram apresentados dezesseis trabalhos com os mais variados temas envolvendo a pesca. Em razão do interesse suscitado, decidimos ampliar a discussão em uma perspectiva nacional com a proposta deste dossiê chamado “Comunidades de pesca: pessoas, materiais, lugares e peixes”.
CREB Family Transcription Factors Are Major Mediators of BDNF Transcriptional Autoregulation in Cortical Neurons
Authors: Esvald Eli-Eelika , Tuvikene Jürgen , Sirp Alex , Patil Sudarshan , Bramham Clive R. , Timmusk Tõnis
Published: January 2020

BDNF signaling via its transmembrane receptor TrkB has an important role in neuronal survival, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. Remarkably, BDNF is capable of modulating its own expression levels in neurons, forming a transcriptional positive feedback loop. In the current study, we have investigated this phenomenon in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons using overexpression of dominant-negative forms of several transcription factors, including CREB, ATF2, C/EBP, USF, and NFAT. We show that CREB family transcription factors, together with the coactivator CBP/p300, but not the CRTC family, are the main regulators of ratBDNFgene expression after TrkB signaling. CREB family transcription factors are required for the early induction of all the majorBDNFtranscripts, whereas CREB itself directly binds only toBDNFpromoter IV, is phosphorylated in response to BDNF-TrkB signaling, and activates transcription fromBDNFpromoter IV by recruiting CBP. Our complementary reporter assays withBDNFpromoter constructs indicate that the regulation ofBDNFby CREB family after BDNF-TrkB signaling is generally conserved between rat and human. However, we demonstrate that a nonconserved functional cAMP-responsive element inBDNFpromoter IXa in humans renders the human promoter responsive to BDNF-TrkB-CREB signaling, whereas the rat ortholog is unresponsive. Finally, we show that extensive BDNF transcriptional autoregulation, encompassing all majorBDNFtranscripts, occurs alsoin vivoin the adult rat hippocampus during BDNF-induced LTP. Collectively, these results improve the understanding of the intricate mechanism of BDNF transcriptional autoregulation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDeeper understanding of stimulus-specific regulation ofBDNFgene expression is essential to precisely adjust BDNF levels that are dysregulated in various neurological disorders. Here, we have elucidated the molecular mechanisms behind TrkB signaling-dependentBDNFmRNA induction and show that CREB family transcription factors are the main regulators ofBDNFgene expression after TrkB signaling. Our results suggest that BDNF-TrkB signaling may induceBDNFgene expression in a distinct manner compared with neuronal activity. Moreover, our data suggest the existence of a stimulus-specific distal enhancer modulatingBDNFgene expression.
Neuronal Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Hastens Amyloid β-Associated Alzheimer's Disease in Mice
Authors: Ricke Konrad M. , Cruz Shelly A. , Qin Zhaohong , Farrokhi Kaveh , Sharmin Fariba , Zhang Li , Zasloff Michael A. , Stewart Alexandre F.R. , Chen Hsiao-Huei
Published: January 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, resulting in the progressive decline of cognitive function in patients. Familial forms of AD are tied to mutations in the amyloid precursor protein, but the cellular mechanisms that cause AD remain unclear. Inflammation and amyloidosis from amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates are implicated in neuron loss and cognitive decline. Inflammation activates the protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and this could suppress many signaling pathways that activate glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) implicated in neurodegeneration. However, the significance of PTP1B in AD pathology remains unclear. Here, we show that pharmacological inhibition of PTP1B with trodusquemine or selective ablation of PTP1B in neurons prevents hippocampal neuron loss and spatial memory deficits in a transgenic AD mouse model with Aβ pathology (hAPP-J20 mice of both sexes). Intriguingly, while systemic inhibition of PTP1B reduced inflammation in the hippocampus, neuronal PTP1B ablation did not. These results dissociate inflammation from neuronal loss and cognitive decline and demonstrate that neuronal PTP1B hastens neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in this model of AD. The protective effect of PTP1B inhibition or ablation coincides with the restoration of GSK3β inhibition. Neuronal ablation of PTP1B did not affect cerebral amyloid levels or plaque numbers, but reduced Aβ plaque size in the hippocampus. In summary, our preclinical study suggests that targeting PTP1B may be a new strategy to intervene in the progression of AD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFamilial forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are tied to mutations in the amyloid precursor protein, but the cellular mechanisms that cause AD remain unclear. Here, we used a mouse model expressing human amyloid precursor protein bearing two familial mutations and asked whether activation of a phosphatase PTP1B participates in the disease process. Systemic inhibition of this phosphatase using a selective inhibitor prevented cognitive decline, neuron loss in the hippocampus, and attenuated inflammation. Importantly, neuron-targeted ablation of PTP1B also prevented cognitive decline and neuron loss but did not reduce inflammation. Therefore, neuronal loss rather than inflammation was critical for AD progression in this mouse model, and that disease progression could be ameliorated by inhibition of PTP1B.
Measuring Caenorhabditis elegans Spatial Foraging and Food Intake Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
Authors: Ding Siyu Serena , Romenskyy Maksym , Sarkisyan Karen S , Brown Andre E X
Published: January 2020

For most animals, feeding includes two behaviors: foraging to find a food patch and food intake once a patch is found. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a useful model for studying the genetics of both behaviors. However, most methods of measuring feeding in worms quantify either foraging behavior or food intake, but not both. Imaging the depletion of fluorescently labeled bacteria provides information on both the distribution and amount of consumption, but even after patch exhaustion a prominent background signal remains, which complicates quantification. Here, we used a bioluminescent Escherichia coli strain to quantify C. elegans feeding. With light emission tightly coupled to active metabolism, only living bacteria are capable of bioluminescence, so the signal is lost upon ingestion. We quantified the loss of bioluminescence using N2 reference worms and eat-2 mutants, and found a nearly 100-fold increase in signal-to-background ratio and lower background compared to loss of fluorescence. We also quantified feeding using aggregating npr-1 mutant worms. We found that groups of npr-1 mutants first clear bacteria from within the cluster before foraging collectively for more food; similarly, during large population swarming, only worms at the migrating front are in contact with bacteria. These results demonstrate the usefulness of bioluminescent bacteria for quantifying feeding and generating insights into the spatial pattern of food consumption.
Open Strategy
Authors: Müller-Seitz Gordon
Published: January 2020

In Strategieforschung und -praxis zeichnet sich unter dem Schlagwort Open Strategy ein steigendes Interesse an offenen Strategieprozessen ab. Um das Open-Strategy-Konzept angemessen einordnen zu können, werden Herkunft und zentrale Dimensionen des Konzepts vorgestellt, bevor das Konzept in seinen Grundzügen beurteilt wird. Der Beitrag schließt mit Impulsen für Forschung und Praxis in Form von drei Leitgedanken.
Achilles, Schildkröten und die Preisbildung bei Aktien
Authors: Bieta Volker , Broll Udo
Published: January 2020

Folgen präzisieren mit „unendlich“ einen wichtigen Begriff des mathematischen Denkens. Als Basis für Funktionen fundieren Folgen die Analysis; mit dem Begriff des Limes die Breite der Mathematik (Maßtheorie, Integrationstheorie, Nichtstandard Analysis usw.). Dass der heutige Formalismus erst seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts existiert, zeigt, wie schwierig der Weg zu ihnen war. Der Beitrag thematisiert, dass mit dem Achilles Paradoxon ein weltabgewandtes Problem die Finanzmathematik mit fundiert. Dies zeigt einmal mehr, dass die Mathematik auch durch das Nichtbefassen mit der Realität große Wirkungen auf die reale Welt hat.
Multiples Währungsmanagement mit unbedingten Termingeschäften in multinationalen Konzernen
Authors: Breuer Wolfgang
Published: January 2020

Multinationale Konzerne verfügen über Standorte überall auf der Welt und realisieren (unsichere) Fremdwährungseinzahlungen in vielen Währungen gleichzeitig. Eine einfache Sicherungsheuristik wäre, in jeder Fremdwährung die erwarteten Einzahlungsüberschüsse per Termin zu verkaufen. Für µ-s-Präferenzen im Rahmen eines Zwei-Zeitpunkte-Ansatzes ist dieses Verhalten tatsächlich optimal, wenn die Terminkurstheorie der Wechselkurserwartung für alle betrachteten Währungen gilt und sämtliche anfallenden Zahlungen stochastisch unabhängig von allen relevanten Wechselkursen sind. Letzteres dürfte näherungsweise dann der Fall sein, wenn Produktion und Absatz von Gütern jeweils im selben Land erfolgen.
La filosofia en José Saramago
Authors: Real Miguel
Published: January 2020

Se identifican y se analizan las tres visiones filosóficas del mundo de José Saramago: Una visión naturalista y evolucionista en la juventud; una visión marxista iniciada en las décadas del 60 y 70 y, después de la implosión de la Unión Soviética, una visión humanista centrada en la defensa de los Derechos Humanos. Se analiza igualmente la evolución del concepto de Dios en la obra de Saramago.
Non-Performing Finance in Sharia Financial Institutions in Indonesia: A Case Study Of BPRS Adeco (Aceh Development Corporate)
Authors: Hidayah Nur , Tabrani Tabrani
Published: January 2020

High level of Non-Performing Finance (NPF) has become one of risks facing intermediary financial institutions including Islamic banks. Indonesia’s Financial Authority found that NPF ratio of Islamic banks is relatively higher (4,12%) that the one of conventional banks (2,96%) (OJK 2017). Literature indicate the influence of bank’s internal and external factors on high NPF. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the high level of NPF and its settlement and strategies to reduce the level of NPF in Sharia Rural Banking (BPRS/Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Syariah). Taking BPRS Adeco (Aceh Development Corporate) in Langsa City District, Aceh, as a case study, this research takes a qualitative approach. Through a survey to 26 BPRS Adeco employees and semi-structured interviews with 4 employees, this study found three factors leading to an increase in the NPF ratio, namely weak bank’s financing risk management, changing economic conditions and regulations, and the conditions of customers who are vulnerable to socio-economic change. It found that the NPF can be gradually resolved by intensifying the communication to the delinquent customers followed by policies of restructuring the customers’ financing. It also found that the strategies to reduce NPF ratios include improving bank risk financing management, upgrading the quality of human resources in risk management, and providing business mentoring and coaching to the customers. It can be concluded that the strategies made by the BPRS ADECO succeeded in reducing the NPF rate from 15.62% in the June 2012 period to 3.60% in the December 2018 period. The finding implies that Islamic financial institutions, including BPRS, urgently need good finance risk management, particularly in monitoring the financed customers’ business and in mitigating external conditions of the economy and their changing related regulations in order to settle the problem of non-performing finance and to strengthen their finance risk management.
Discussion on Islamic Finance and Small Medium Enterprises’ Financial Accessibility
Authors: Mohd Thas Thaker Hassanudin , Kanan Chandra Sakaran
Published: January 2020

This study attempts to provide insights on SMEs’ financial accesibility through Islamic finance and its successfulness in Malaysia. The innovation in the Malaysia financial landscape especially Islamic finance has benefits the SMEs in accessing financial assistance without rely on traditional mode of financing. SMEs in Indonesia represent about 99 percent in all economic sector and involved labor participation of almost 95 percent but the issue of financial accessibility remain perpetual problem and block the development of SMEs in Indonesia. Therefore, the present study utilizes content analysis to critically look at the successful of SMEs Islamic financing in Malaysia and various published report and literature in generate better overview on the progression of SMEs. At the end of the study, this study provides some recommendations based on Malaysian SMEs financing successfulness for Indonesian authority to further restructure and enhance their existing financial assistance to the SMEs based on Islamic financing.
Social capital and economic growth: empirical evidence from OIC countries
Authors: Notolegowo Hantoro Ksaid , Saleh Samsubar
Published: January 2020

This research investigates the effect of constructive social capital such as religious tolerance, political participation, and marriage; and destructive social capital such as the corruption culture and discriminatory behavior towards the economic growth rate of member countries of the Islamic Cooperation Organization (OIC) 2014-2017. The results of the research estimation using the technique of fixed effect (FE) from the panel data of the OIC countries show that religious tolerance measured using the freedom of religion index (FRI) shows a positive and significant effect on the economic growth rate; political participation as measured by political rights index (PRI) has a significant negative effect on the economic growth rate; marriage measured using the percentage of married woman (PMW) has a positive effect on the economic growth rate but is not significant; corruption culture measured using the corruption perception index (CPI) has a negative and no significant effect on the economic growth rate; and discrimination behavior measured using discrimination and violence against minorities index (DVI) shows a negative and no significant effect on the economic growth rate.
THE ROLE OF INVESTMENT-BASED ISLAMIC CROWDFUNDING FOR HALAL MSMEs: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Abdullah Zaki , Susamto Akhmad Akbar
Published: January 2020

Investment-based crowdfunding can be used as an alternative financing tool for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia. Since the population in Indonesia is dominated by Muslim, Islamic financial technology companies that provide crowdfunding services are continue to emerge and develop. The development of these services also encourages the progress of the halal industry because both have integrated relationships. However, not all funding campaigns for crowdfunding services are successful. This study aims to analyze the development of Islamic crowdfunding business in Indonesia and factors affecting the success of funding campaigns in these services using multiple linear regression methods. Primary data obtained through interviews and literature review while secondary data is collected from 39 funding campaigns in 4 Islamic crowdfunding online services. It was found that the regulation of Islamic financial technology did not yet exist though in practice it was already widely found. On the other hand, crowdfunding models in Indonesia still need improvement in its scheme. By using a quantitative approach, it was found that funding target, campaign duration, payback periods and rate of return have a positive effect on campaign success, while a minimum amount of investment has a negative effect which means the minimum amount of investment available in the crowdfunding service is appropriate. After conducting research with a qualitative and quantitative approach, SWOT analysis was conducted at the end of the study to find out the challenges and opportunities for the halal industry in utilizing such Islamic crowdfunding service.
Performance appraisal and the quality of working life
Authors: Islami Xhavit , Islami Vjosa
Published: January 2020

Purpose – to identify the relationship between performance appraisal and quality of working life. Explicitly, investigate the effects of firms’ performance appraisal on quality of working life (QWL).

Design/Method/Approach. The study is based on the three businesses data operating in the Republic of Kosovo with ninety-seven (n=97) individual respondents (employees). The study’s questionnaires of the study were prepared, the responses obtained, the econometric model was constructed to empirically test this relationship, and the questionnaires data were processed by the IBM SPSS v.25.0 program as a tool to provide the statistic findings. Results and proposals are brought forward by the matched t-test, independent t-test sample, ANOVA, and regression, which were applied for testing hypotheses.

Findings. Econometric results suggested that applying performance appraisal in the correct way and for appropriate goals, improves job satisfaction, employees’ satisfaction, motivation to employees, and as a result the quality of working life.

Theoretical implications. The theoretical significance of this study is the increases of opinion and the change of judgment for the effects of performance appraisal on quality of working life.

Practical implications. The practical benefit of this study is that it can provide a guideline for managers to apply performance appraisal in the correct manner to increase the quality of working life, and as a result to improve their organization’s performance.

Originality/Value. The importance of quality of working life has been recognized. It is the first paper that examines the relationship between performance appraisal and quality of working life and finds out their interactions using quantitative methods.

Research limitations/Future research. Predictions for further research are to analyze the relation of performance appraisal parameters and QWL, adding other variables that mediate or moderate the relation of these two variables.

 

Paper type – empirical.
Entrepreneurship strategy for improving business performance using internet technology-based business application
Authors: Utomo Mohamad Nur , Ariani Meiliyah , Safitri Julia , Kaujan Kaujan
Published: January 2020

Purpose – to conduct an empirical test over the effect of entrepreneurship competency on business performance using Internet technology-based business applications.

Design/Method/Approach. The research population is from small-and-medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the city of Tarakan. The determined sample is based on the observed area; hence, the technique is called probability sampling area. The data analysis technique is Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), run by WarpPls 6.0.

Findings. This research's results indicate that entrepreneurship competency has a positive impact on Internet technology-based business applications. Besides, internet technology-based business application mediates the effect of entrepreneurship competency on business performance.

Theoretical implications. The results support the Resource-Based View Theory, stating that the competitive advantage of an enterprise is derived from its unique resource.

Practical implications. Internet technology-based business applications can be used as entrepreneurship strategies to develop business performance.

Originality/Value. The originality of this research is the internet technology-based business application as a mediating variable between entrepreneurship competence and business performance.

Research limitations/Future research. The research has its limitations; it only uses limited SME research samples in the city of Tarakan. Future research can expand the sample through other Indonesian cities.

 

Paper type – empirical.
«Dobrudzhan Catastrophy» as a reflection of Russian-Romanian military-political relations in summer–autumn period of 1916.
Authors: Soloviov V.
Published: January 2020

Romania’s entry into the First World War was considered by Russian military-political leadership primarily from the point of view of its own military interests, without taking into account possible negative consequences and prospects of Russian-Romanian military cooperation. According to General Headquarters' estimations, Romanian army attacks in Transylvania, together with Thessaloniki Allied army actions, were to restrain considerable enemy forces and thus ensured the success of Russian army attacks.

At the same time, in spite of the fiercest battles on the SWF, the enemy succeeded in forming two new armies in Transylvania by creating a qualitative and quantitative advantage against the 1st and the 2nd Romanian armies operating at this region. When in mid-September of 1916 the need for direct military assistance to Romanian army became obvious for General Alekseyev, who was the immediate Russian army commander, he did not have enough will to insist on his decision. Thus, the South-Western Front attack, which had lost its military significance by that time, was continued. As a result, the plan of military aid to Romania, embodied by General Headquarters, was essentially defensive, and included only indirect assistance, in the form of limited 9th Russian Army attacks from Northern Moldova, and a slight strengthening of the Dobrudzhan army.

In addition to this, the incorrect assessment of the situation, both by Russian and Romanian military forces, was obvious. A long pause in enemy's activity in the south, caused by waiting for reinforcements, and enemy's activity in the north, instilled confidence that the main attack would come from there. As a result, all Romanian reserves from the South were transferred to the North, while the enemy struck in the South in Dobrudzh. When Russian General Headquarters realized the consequences of Chernovody-Constanza railway loss, it simply could not transfer Russian military reserves in time. Thus, the lack of coherence between Russian and Romanian sides and their allies, the pursuit of each side's selfish interests led to the loss of military initiative by the allies in Romania, which was completely transferred to the enemy.
О типологии христианских религиозных сообществ на примере меннонитов
Authors: Дик Йоганнес
Published: January 2020

The article describes the evolution of the typology of religious communities from traditional to modern Western on the example of Mennonites. In the Russian Empire, the traditional typology distinguished between church and sect from a confessional position of the Russian Orthodox Church. A sect was defined as an organized community that thinks differently with the dominant church. Mennonites in this typology were regarded as a Protestant sect, same the Baptists. The typology was rooted not only in the sphere of religion, but in legislation, too, with significant limits for the sects. In Soviet times, this typology, essentially rooted in religion, was also dominant. Only at the end of 1970ies, a move from sect to religious community took place. Troeltsch’s “The Social Teachings of Christian Churches and Groups” (1912) changed the typology basis to a sociological one. The division into church and sect remained, with an addition of a mysticism element. Later, the typology was expanded considering the situation in North America by the denomination element placed between church and sect. The sociological typology promoted a confessionally unbiased research of Anabaptism.

The modern Western typology in its German shape includes two parts – “Volkskirche” (National Church) and “Freikirche” (Free Church). The major differences between them are separation from church and state, a voluntary entry to the community through adult baptism, and democratic election of their congregation organs. To resolve the ambiguity between different kinds of Free Churches, the notion of Believer' Church was introduced. The new research also introduced the notion of Radical Reformation that is applicable to Mennonites.