bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Origins of Silk Piezoelectricity
Authors: Yucel Tuna , Cebe Peggy , Kaplan David L.
Published: January 2011

Uniaxially oriented, piezoelectric silk films are prepared by a two‐step method that involves first air drying aqueous, regenerated silk fibroin solutions into films, and then drawing the silk films to a desired draw ratio. The utility of two different drawing techniques—zone drawing and water‐immersion drawing—is investigated for processing the silk for piezoelectric studies. Silk films zone drawn to a ratio of λ 5 2.7 display relatively high dynamic shear piezoelectric coefficients of d14 5 –1.5 pC N21, corresponding to an increase in d14 of over two orders of magnitude due to film drawing. A strong correlation is observed between the increase in silk II, β‐sheet content with increasing draw ratio as measured by FTIR spectroscopy (Cb $ \propto $ e2.5λ), the concomitant increasing degree of orientation of β‐sheet crystals detected via wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (full width half maximum (FWHM) = 0.22° for λ = 2.7), and the improvement in silk piezoelectricity (d14 $ \propto $ e2.4λ). Water‐immersion drawing leads to a predominantly silk I structure with a low degree of orientation (FWHM 5 75°) and a much weaker piezoelectric response compared to zone drawing. Similarly, increasing the β‐sheet crystallinity without inducing crystal alignment, e.g., by methanol treatment, does not result in a significant enhancement of silk piezoelectricity. Overall, a combination of a high degree of silk II, β‐sheet crystallinity and crystalline orientation are prerequisites for a strong piezoelectric effect in silk. Further understanding of the structural origins of silk piezoelectricity provides important options for future biotechnological and biomedical applications of this protein.
A de novo deletion of 20q11.2–q12 in a boy presenting with abnormal hands and feet, retinal dysplasia, and intractable feeding difficulty
Authors: Hiraki Yoko , Nishimura Akira , Hayashidani Michiko , Terada Yoshiko , Nishimura Gen , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Nishina Sachiko , Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Doi Hiroshi , Saitsu Hirotomo , Miyake Noriko , Matsumoto Naomichi
Published: January 2011

Proximal interstitial deletions involving 20q11–q12 are very rare. Only two cases have been reported. We describe another patient with 20q11.21–q12 deletion. We precisely mapped the 6.5‐Mb deletion and successfully determined the deletion landmarks at the nucleotide level. Common clinical features among the three cases include developmental delay, intractable feeding difficulties with gastroesophageal reflux, and facial dysmorphism including triangular face, hypertelorism, and hypoplastic alae nasi, indicating that the 20q11.2–q12 deletion can be a clinically recognizable syndrome. This is also supported by the fact that the three deletions overlap significantly. In addition, unique features such as arthrogryposis/fetal akinesia (hypokinesia) deformation and retinal dysplasia are recognized in the patient reported herein. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fanconi–Bickel syndrome: Report of life history and successful pregnancy in an affected patient
Authors: Pena Loren , Charrow Joel
Published: January 2011

Fanconi–Bickel syndrome (FBS, OMIM #227810) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate transport originally described in 1949 [Fanconi and Bickel(1949); Helv Paediatr Acta 4: 359–396]. FBS is caused by mutations in the glucose and galactose transporter gene SLC2A2 (HGNC ID11006) [Santer et al.(1997); Nat Genet 17: 324–326] and is characterized by hepatic glycogen accumulation with hepatomegaly, fasting hypoglycemia, short stature, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperlipidemia, and tubular nephropathy. Although the described complications would not seem to preclude fertility in FBS patients, there has been no report of reproduction in affected individuals to date. We have followed a female with FBS for at least 20 years. She received a clinical diagnosis in adolescence, with recent molecular confirmation of two mutations in trans in the SLC2A2 gene. She has had glucosuria, proteinuria, impaired tubular reabsorption of phosphate, osteopenia, and hypercholesterolemia throughout her life, without any documented episodes of hypoglycemia. Hepatomegaly was initially noticed in infancy and resolved in late adolescence. She became pregnant at 31 years of age, had gestational diabetes treated with diet, and delivered a healthy boy. She had impaired glucose tolerance after her pregnancy. Her adult height was at the lower end of her target height range, and she had evidence of localized osteopenia at the left distal radius on DXA scan. This report describes the clinical history of an affected individual and highlights the importance of continued follow‐up in order to extend our understanding of the history of this rare metabolic disorder. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutational analysis reveals the FUS homolog TAF15 as a candidate gene for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Ticozzi N. , Vance C. , LeClerc A.L. , Keagle P. , Glass J.D. , McKenna‐Yasek D. , Sapp P.C. , Silani V. , Bosco D.A. , Shaw C.E. , Brown R.H. , Landers J.E.
Published: January 2011

FUS, EWS, and TAF15 belong to the TET family of structurally similar DNA/RNA‐binding proteins. Mutations in the FUS gene have recently been discovered as a cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). Given the structural and functional similarities between the three genes, we screened TAF15 and EWS in 263 and 94 index FALS cases, respectively. No coding variants were found in EWS, while we identified six novel changes in TAF15. Of these, two 24 bp deletions and a R388H missense variant were also found in healthy controls. A D386N substitution was shown not to segregate with the disease in the affected pedigree. A single A31T and two R395Q changes were identified in FALS cases but not in over 1,100 controls. Interestingly, one of the R395Q FALS cases also harbors a TARDBP mutation (G384R). Altogether, these results suggest that additional studies are needed to determine whether mutations in the TAF15 gene represent a cause of FALS. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of model choice in genetic association studies: DRD4 exon III VNTR and cigarette use in young adults
Authors: Das Debjani , Tan Xiaoyun , Easteal Simon
Published: January 2011

A major concern with the vast literature associating the highly polymorphic 48 bp VNTR in exon III of the human dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) with various behavioral phenotypes is the lack of concordance between studies. Part of the problem arises from the absence of a universally accepted scheme for pooling the large number of low frequency genotypes into appropriate categories. Here, we investigated the effect of different pooling strategies and genetic models on the reported association between DRD4‐exIII‐VNTR polymorphism and cigarette smoking. Genotyping was performed on a large randomly selected community‐based sample of 2,274 individuals aged 20–24 years. Participants were grouped into sub‐samples based on their genotypes to test specific genetic models. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between DRD4‐exIII‐VNTR genotype and cigarette smoking measures while controlling for confounders. While smoking status and age at start of smoking were not associated with the genotype, a significantly (P = 0.006) higher rate of cigarette consumption was observed among carriers of the 7‐repeat (7r) allele. Thus, 7r carriers were not more likely to be smokers but if they did smoke they consumed significantly more cigarettes per day than 4r carriers. Unlike previous studies this association was observed only when comparing carriers of the 7r with the 4r but not the other repeat alleles. Our study demonstrates the need for caution when grouping functionally different DRD4‐exIII‐VNTR alleles in association studies. It particularly highlights the requirement for better functional characterization of the DRD4‐exIII‐VNTR alleles for interpreting results from association studies. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Melt‐mixed polypropylene/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene blends with multiwall carbon nanotubes: Effect of compatibilizer and modifier on morphology and electrical conductivity
Authors: Khare Rupesh A. , Bhattacharyya Arup R. , Kulkarni Ajit R.
Published: January 2011

Cocontinuous blends of 45/55 polypropylene (PP)/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were prepared by melt‐mixing in a conical twin‐screw microcompounder. PP‐grafted‐maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA) and styrene MA were used as compatibilizers for PP/ABS blends. Scanning electron microscopic observations showed phase segregation of PP‐g‐MA in the blends. State of dispersion of MWNT in the presence or absence of the compatibilizers was assessed through AC electrical conductivity measurements and crystallization studies of the blends. An improvement in AC electrical conductivity was observed in blends in presence of either styrene MA or dual compatibilizers. The lowest electrical percolation threshold was achieved at 0.1 wt % of MWNT using sodium salt of 6‐amino hexanoic acid‐modified MWNT. Significant increase in crystallization temperature of PP phase of blends with MWNT was observed in the presence of compatibilizers as compared to blends without compatibilizers. An attempt has been made to address the complex issues of phase segregation, compatibilization, and dispersion of MWNT in cocontinuous blends of PP/ABS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Optical and electronic properties of 3,4‐dialkylthiophene‐based p‐/n‐alternating copolymers
Authors: Qi Zheng‐Jian , Wang Xue‐Mei , Wei Bin , Kang Feng , Tang Lan‐Lan , Hong Man‐Xin , Sun Yue‐Ming
Published: January 2011

Four novel highly soluble p‐/n‐poly[(2,5‐divinyl‐3,4‐dialkylthiophene)‐alt‐2,6‐pyridine] (PA2TV‐Py) and poly[(2,5‐divinyl‐3,4‐dialkylthiophene)‐alt‐(2,5‐diphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole)] (PA2TV‐OXD) are prepared by Heck coupling approach to compare their photoelectric properties. Characterizations of the copolymers include FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV–vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and electroluminescence (EL). Four alt‐copolymers exhibit excellent solubility in common organic solvents (e.g., CHCl3, THF) and good thermal stabilities, losing less than 5% on heating to ∼ 250°C. The optical properties depict that the band‐gap energy of PA2TV‐Py and PA2TV‐OXD is similarly, ranging from 2.68 to 2.80 eV in solid film and 2.90–2.97 eV in CHCl3 solution. PA2TV‐Pys can emit bright turquoise light with quantum efficiencies (QE) of 30.6 and 53.9%, which about 10‐18 times higher than that of homopolymer in CHCl3 solution. Furthermore, the QE of two PA2TV‐OXDs (purple fluorescence) are increased to 43.6 and 68.5%, respectively, about 1.3–1.4 times higher than that of PA2TV‐Pys. Electrochemical results indicate that the electron affinity (Ea) of four alt‐copolymers range from 2.79 to 3.09 eV, which are propitious to electrons injecting and transporting from the cathode. As a result, these novel copolymers present expected good electroluminescence(EL) performance in their single layer polymer light‐emitting device (PLED) with configuration of ITO/polymer/Al, which turn‐on voltages are between 4.0 and 5.8 V and emit bright green–yellow (538 nm) and yellow (545–552 nm) EL light. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Supervisory control based on closed‐loop adaptive control approach of nonlinear systems: application to CSTR process
Authors: Lehouche H. , Guéguen H. , Mendil B.
Published: January 2011

In the last few years there has been a great deal of interest in the application of adaptive and supervisory control of linear systems using multi‐models and multi‐controllers based on switching and tuning algorithms. In this paper a supervisory control methodology based on a closed‐loop adaptive control approach is developed for nonlinear systems and evaluated in a simulation of a nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) process for two scenarios according to different set‐point variations. The simulation results show the effectiveness in terms of performance and robustness characteristics of the proposed method.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Ruin problems under IBNR dynamics
Authors: Trufin Julien , Albrecher Hansjörg , Denuit Michel
Published: January 2011

In this paper, we consider a discrete‐time risk process allowing for delay in claim settlement, which introduces a certain type of dependence in the process. From martingale theory, an expression for the ultimate ruin probability is obtained, and Lundberg‐type inequalities are derived. The impact of delay in claim settlement is then investigated. To this end, a convex order comparison of the aggregate claim amounts is performed with the corresponding non‐delayed risk model, and numerical simulations are carried out with Belgian market data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(−)Schisandrin B ameliorates paraquat‐induced oxidative stress by suppressing glutathione depletion and enhancing glutathione recovery in differentiated PC12 cells
Authors: Lam Philip Y. , Ming Ko Kam
Published: January 2011

Exposure to paraquat (PQ;N,N′‐dimethyl‐4‐4′‐bipyridium), a potent herbicide, can lead to neuronal cell death and increased risk of Parkinson's disease because of oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the effect of (−)schisandrin B [(−)Sch B, a potent enantiomer of schisandrin B] on PQ‐induced cell injury in differentiated pheochromocytoma cells (PC12). PQ treatment caused cell injury in PC12 cells, as indicated by the significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Pretreatment with (−)Sch B (5 μM) protected against PQ‐induced toxicity in PC12 cells, as evidenced by the significant decrease in LDH leakage. (−)Sch B induced the cytochromeP‐450‐mediated reactive oxygen species generation in differentiated PC12 cells. The cytoprotection afforded by (−)Sch B pretreatment was associated with an increase in cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level as well as the enhancement of γ‐glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity in PQ‐challenged cells. Both GCL and GR inhibitors abrogated the cytoprotective effect of (−)Sch B in PQ‐challenged cells. The biochemical mechanism underlying the GSH‐enhancing effect of (−)Sch B was further investigated in PC12 cells subjected to an acute peroxide challenge. Although the initial GSH depletion induced by peroxide was reduced through GR‐catalyzed regeneration of GSH in (−)Sch B‐pretreated cells, the later enhanced GSH recovery was mainly mediated by GCL‐catalyzed GSH synthesis. The results suggest that (−)Sch B treatment may increase the resistance of dopaminergic cells against PQ‐induced oxidative stress through reducing the extent of oxidant‐induced GSH depletion and enhancing the subsequent GSH recovery.
Impact of diabetes mellitus status on coronary pathoanatomy and interventional treatment: Insights from the Euro heart survey PCI registry
Authors: Bauer Timm , Möllmann Helge , Weidinger Franz , Zeymer Uwe , Seabra‐Gomes Ricardo , Eberli Franz , Serruys Patrick , Vahanian Alec , Silber Sigmund , Wijns William , Hochadel Matthias , Nef Holger M. , Hamm Christian W. , Marco Jean , Gitt Anselm K.
Published: January 2011

Objectives: The present analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) status on the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and current approaches in interventional treatment. Background: Little is known about the effect of DM treated with diet, oral agents, or insulin on lesion characteristics and anatomical pattern of CAD and their interventional treatment. Methods and results: Patients (n = 46,779) of the contemporary Euro Heart Survey PCI registry with known DM status were included in this analysis. Nondiabetics (n = 35,280, 75.4%) were compared with diabetics treated with diet (n = 1,533, 3.3%), oral agents (n = 7,222, 15.4%), and insulin (n = 2,744, 5.8%). Diabetic patients were older, suffered more frequently from comorbidities and presented more often with cardiogenic shock. The number of severely stenosed (≥70%) segments incrementally increased from nondiabetics to insulin‐requiring diabetics. The location of lesions did not differ between patients with and without DM. The ratio stenosed/treated segments progressively rose among the four patient cohorts. The severity of DM negatively correlated with the extent of complete revascularization. After adjustment for confounding variables no significant differences in hospital mortality could be observed between patients without DM and diabetics treated with diet, but a significantly higher rate of death was seen in diabetic patients with oral medication and insulin therapy. Conclusions: Although CAD was more severe in patients with DM the percentage of treated segments with ≥70% stenosis was lower. Adjusted hospital mortality was increased among diabetics treated with oral medication or insulin, but not among those treated with diet. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of closure strategies after balloon aortic valvuloplasty: Suture mediated versus collagen based versus manual
Authors: Ben‐dor Itsik , Looser Patrick , Bernardo Nelson , Maluenda Gabriel , Torguson Rebecca , Xue Zhenyi , Lindsay Joseph , Pichard Augusto D. , Satler Lowell F. , Waksman, Ron
Published: January 2011

Objectives: To compare complication rates of a collagen‐mediated closure device, suture‐mediated closure technique and manual compression for access site management following balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). Background: Vascular complications, including perforation, limb ischemia, ateriovenous fistulas, and pseudoaneurysm, are a common source of morbidity in patients undergoing BAV with large bore femoral artery access. The available options for closure of the access site include manual compression, suture‐mediated closure devices, and recently reported collagen‐based closure devices. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 333 patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing BAV. Patients were divided into four groups according to access closure method: (1) Manual compression in 64 (19.2%); (2) Proglide 6 Fr in 162 (48.6%); (3) Angio‐Seal 8 Fr in 89 (26.75%); and (4) Prostar 10 Fr in18 (5.4%). Results: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics among the groups; although the Prostar group was had more males and the Angio‐Seal group reported a lower incidence of renal failure and peripheral vascular disease. The Angio‐Seal group had shorter procedural duration times compared with the other groups. In the Angio‐Seal group (n = 47, 52.8%), a 10 Fr sheath size was primarily used to access the femoral artery, as compared with the manual compression and Proglide groups, which used a 12 Fr sheath in 29 (45.3%) and 66 patients (40.7%), respectively. A 13 Fr sheath was used in the Prostar group (n = 11, 61.1%), P < 0.001. The device failure rate was significantly higher in the Proglide group (n = 20, 12.3%) as compared with Angio‐Seal (n = 3, 3.3%) and Prostar groups (n = 1, 5.5%), P = 0.03. Serious vascular complications requiring intervention were significantly higher in the manual compression group (n = 11, 17.1%) compared with the Proglide (n = 11, 6.7%), Angio‐Seal (n = 5, 5.6%), and Prostar groups (n = 5, 1%), P < 0.001. The requirement for blood transfusion in the Angio‐Seal group was significantly lower (n = 7, 7.8%) as compared with the manual compression (n = 20, 31.2%), Proglide (n = 35, 21.6%), and Prostar groups (n = 5, 27.7%), P < 0.001. Conclusion: In our case series, collagen‐based closure devices and suture‐mediated closure devices had fewer vascular complications than manual compression for hemostasis following BAV. Patient selection for collagen‐based versus suture‐mediated closure requires further study. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catheter closure of atrial septal defect in anatomically corrected malposition with left juxtaposition of the atrial appendages using intracardiac echocardiography
Authors: Bendaly Edgard A. , Hoyer Mark H.
Published: January 2011

Anatomically corrected malposition is characterized by abnormally related great vessels and atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial concordance. It is often associated with juxtaposition of the atrial appendages where the plane of the atrial septum is abnormally oriented. We describe the device closure of an atrial septal defect in a patient with such a lesion under intracardiac echocardiography guidance. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: High Conductivity in Hydrothermally Grown AgCuO2 Single Crystals Verified Using Focused‐Ion‐Beam‐Deposited Nanocontacts.
Authors: Munoz‐Rojas David , Cordoba Rosa , Fernandez‐Pacheco Amalio , De Teresa Jose Maria , Sauthier Guillaume , Fraxedas Jordi , Walton Richard I. , Casan‐Pastor Nieves
Published: January 2011

Unprecedented large AgCuO2 single crystals are hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of Ag2Cu2O3, KOH, K2S2O8, and H2O (autoclave, 90 °C, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural, Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of La2‐xCaxNiO4+δ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3).
Authors: Shi Chen‐Yang , Hu Zhong‐Bo , Hao Yong‐Mei
Published: January 2011

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of La2O3, CaCO3, and NiO (1000, 1100, and 1200 °C for 12 h each, followed by sintering at 1300 °C for 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Thermal Stability of Cubic ZnO in the Salt Nanocomposites.
Authors: Sokolov P. S. , Baranov A. N. , Dobrokhotova Zh. V. , Solozhenko V. L.
Published: January 2011

Metastable cubic ZnO is synthesized from monodispersed nanoparticles of wurtzite ZnO in the presence of NaCl under a pressure of 7.7 GPa (700—900 K, 15 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Giant Crown‐Shaped Polytungstate Formed by Self‐Assembly of CeIII‐Stabilized Dilacunary Keggin Fragments.
Authors: Reinoso Santiago , Gimenez‐Marques Monica , Galan‐Mascaros Jose Ramon , Vitoria Pablo , Gutierrez‐Zorrilla Juan M.
Published: January 2011

Single crystals of Na40K6[Ni(H2O)6]3 [K@K7Ce24Ge12W120O456 (OH)12(H2O)64]· 178H2O are synthesized by addition of KCl to a NaOAc/AcOH buffer solution containing Ce(NO3)3, GeO2, Na2WO4, and NiCl2 followed by slow evaporation at room temperature (24% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of an Organically Templated Cobalt Phosphate Supramolecule.
Authors: You Xiaoyan , Zhu Lixia
Published: January 2011

Pink plane‐like single crystals of (H2en)2 [Co(H2O)6]2(HPO4)4 are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of CoCl2, H3PO4, and en (autoclave, pH 4, 170 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Complex Alloys Containing Double‐Mackay Clusters and (Sb1‐δZnδ)24 Snub Cubes Filled with Highly Disordered Zinc Aggregates: Synthesis, Structures, and Physical Properties of Ruthenium Zinc Antimonides.
Authors: Xiong Ding‐Bang , Zhao Yufeng , Schnelle Walter , Okamoto Norihiko L. , Inui Haruyuki
Published: January 2011

Ru26Sb24Zn67 (I), Ru13Sb12Zn83.4 (II), Ru13Sb6.29Zn91.56 (III), and Ru13Sb17.1Zn74.9 (IV) alloys are synthesized from the elements (823—873 K, 3—5 d) and their crystal structures are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: The Platinum(II) Salt Pt(H2O)4(SbF6)2.
Authors: Seppelt Konrad
Published: January 2011

Title compound (III) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 1 (single crystal XRD at ‐140 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Allylation of Aldehydes Catalyzed by Simple Dual Small Organic Molecules: L‐Proline and L‐Prolinol.
Authors: Chen Guo‐hong , Liu Ling‐yan , Wei Xiao‐ning , Chang Wei‐xing , Li Jing
Published: January 2011

A novel and simple protocol for the asymmetric allylation of aldehydes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Olefin—Phosphorus Hybrid and Diene Ligands Derived from Carbohydrates.
Authors: Grugel Holger , Minuth Tobias , Boysen Mike M. K.
Published: January 2011

Various title ligands are designed and tested in the reaction of (Ia) with boronic acid (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Vinyl‐Substituted (Z)‐Stilbenes by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Allenic Alcohols.
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Shimizu Hiroshi , Igarashi Tomohiro , Murakami Masahiro
Published: January 2011

The stereochemical outcome of the reaction is opposite to that of the corresponding reaction of (I) and (II) using a palladium catalyst which selectively produces (E)‐isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Divergent Synthesis of Substituted Pyridine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones and 4H‐Thiopyran‐4‐ones from α‐Alkenoyl‐α‐carbamoyl Ketene‐S,S‐acetals.
Authors: Liu Jinying , Fu Xiaolan , Zhou Yang , Zhou Guangyuan , Liang Yongjiu , Dong Dewn
Published: January 2011

Title pyridinediones (II) are successfully synthesized by heating α‐dimethylaminopropenoyl‐α‐carbamoyl ketene‐S,S‐acetals (I) in DMF at 125°C.
ChemInform Abstract: A General and Efficient Cobalt(II)‐Based Catalytic System for Highly Stereoselective Cyclopropanation of Alkenes with α‐Cyanodiazoacetates.
Authors: Zhu Shifa , Xu Xue , Perman Jason A. , Zhang X. Peter
Published: January 2011

A porphyrin‐based Co complex is successfully applied as catalyst in the cyclopropanation reaction of aromatic (I) and aliphatic terminal alkenes (V) with α‐cyanodiazoacetate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Anionic N,O‐Ligated Pd(II) Complexes: Highly Active Catalysts for Alcohol Oxidation.
Authors: Bailie David S. , Clendenning Grainne M. A. , McNamee Laura , Muldoon Mark J.
Published: January 2011

A series of anionic N,O‐chelated ligands is tested for the oxidation of 2‐octanol (18 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Cp* Iridium Complexes Give Catalytic Alkane Hydroxylation with Retention of Stereochemistry.
Authors: Zhou Meng , Schley Nathan D. , Crabtree Robert H.
Published: January 2011

The hydroxylation of cycloalkanes (I) and (III) proceeds smoothly in the presence of an Ir—Cp* catalyst to give the product cycloalkanols (II) and (IV), resp., with retention of stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni(OAc)2: A Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Enaminone and Enamino Ester Derivatives under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Liu Ju‐Yan , Cao Gai‐E , Xu Wei , Cao Jie , Wang Wei‐Lu
Published: January 2011

The present new synthesis of enaminone and enamino ester derivatives is catalyzed by nickel acetate and works under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Catalyst for Reductive Amination by Transfer Hydrogenation.
Authors: Wang Chao , Pettman Alan , Basca John , Xiao Jianliang
Published: January 2011

Reductive amination of a wide variety of aromatic and aliphatic ketones and aldehydes with primary and secondary amines proceeds smoothly in the presence of a novel cyclometalated Ir catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Perfluoroarenes with Aromatic Heterocycles.
Authors: He Chun‐Yang , Fan Shilu , Zhang Xingang
Published: January 2011

Direct oxidative cross coupling of electron‐deficient polyfluoroarenes with various hetaromatics proceeds smoothly in the presence of only 2.5 mol% Pd(O‐Ac)2.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Fluoroamines from β‐Amino Alcohols: Application to the Synthesis of LY503430.
Authors: Duthion Beranger , Gomez Pardo Domingo , Cossy Janine
Published: January 2011

β‐Amino alcohols of type (I), (III), and (V) undergo a stereospecific reaction with DAST to give rearranged β‐fluoroamines with no or very low degree of racemization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Urea Derivatives from Amines and CO2 in the Absence of Catalyst and Solvent.
Authors: Wu Chaoyong , Cheng Haiyang , Liu Ruixia , Wang Qiang , Hao Yufen , Yu Yancun , Zhao Fengyu
Published: January 2011

This green process utilizes the captured carbon dioxide to prepare urea derivatives, avoiding the use of toxic or expensive substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Aromatic Fluoroolefins via Fluoro‐Julia—Kocienski Olefination.
Authors: Allendoerfer Nadine , Es‐Sayed Mazen , Nieger Martin , Braese Stefan
Published: January 2011

The methodology, previously developed by Gosh and Zajc, is modified and allows a high diversity of products which are of interest in medicinal chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Formylation of Amines with Paraformaldehyde.
Authors: Saidi Ourida , Bamford Mark J. , Blacker A. John , Lynch James , Marsden Stephen P. , Plucinski Pawel , Watson Robert J. , Williams Jonathan M. J.
Published: January 2011

Both primary and secondary amines are suitable substrates for the process.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Intermolecular ortho‐C—H Amidation of Anilides by N‐Nosyloxycarbamate.
Authors: Ng Ka‐Ho , Chan Albert S. C. , Yu Wing‐Yiu
Published: January 2011

Title reaction provides access to a wide range of amide‐protected o‐amino anilines in good yields and with excellent regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Diene‐Ligated Iridium Complexes as Catalysts for Allylation and Methallylation Reactions of Ketones.
Authors: Barker Timothy J. , Jarvo Elizabeth R.
Published: January 2011

Optimized conditions allow the preparation of various homoallylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum‐Mediated Carbonylation of Aryl Halides with Nucleophiles Using Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Roberts Bryan , Liptrot David , Alcaraz Lilian , Luker Tim , Stocks Michael J.
Published: January 2011

The process can be applied to the formation of various amides, sulfonamides and carboxylic acids/esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Remote Amide‐Directed Palladium‐Catalyzed Benzylic C—H Amination with N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide.
Authors: Xiong Tao , Li Yan , Lv Yunhe , Zhang Qian
Published: January 2011

An unprecedented remote amide‐directed intermolecular highly selective benzylic C—H amination with fluorobenzenesulfonimide (II) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu and Ag Catalyzed Oxidative Arylthiation of Terminal Acetylenes.
Authors: Henke Adam , Srogl Jiri
Published: January 2011

A mild Cu or Ag‐catalyzed oxidative arylthiation of terminal acetylenes (II) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Two‐Step, One‐Pot Synthesis of Primary Acylureas.
Authors: Xiao Zili , Yang Michael G. , Tebben Andrew J. , Galella Michael A. , Weinstein David S.
Published: January 2011

The process involves the BOP‐promoted coupling of carboxylic acids with cyanamide and subsequent mild hydrolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling in a Flow Microreactor: Space Integration of Lithiation and Murahashi Coupling.
Authors: Nagaki Aiichiro , Kenmoku Akira , Moriwaki Yuya , Hayashi Atsushi , Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: January 2011

Lithiation of aryl bromides is successfully combined with the subsequent cross coupling of the aryllithium reagents with aryl bromides in a flow microreactor to give biphenyl derivatives, e.g. (III), (V) or hetaryl analogues (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Bis‐Functionalization of Isatylidenes: A Facile Route Towards Spiro‐Indol‐2‐ones.
Authors: George Sholly Clair , John Jubi , Anas Saithalavi , John Joshni , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Suresh Eringathodi , Radhakrishnan K. V.
Published: January 2011

3,3‐Disubstituted indol‐2‐ones are obtained by the present new method of quaternization of position 3 of oxindoles (I).
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Nitroacrylates as Precursors of Tetrasubstituted Furans in a One‐Pot Process and under Acidic Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Ballini Roberto , Gabrielli Serena , Palmieri Alessandro
Published: January 2011

The procedure affords the target compounds in moderate to good yield and renders possible an easy introduction of substituents in positions 2 and 5.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Vinylogous Aldol Reaction of 2‐(Trimethylsilyloxy)furan and Aldehydes.
Authors: Du Guang‐Fen , He Lin , Gu Cheng‐Zhi , Dai Bin
Published: January 2011

The process can be carried out under low catalyst loading and proceeds with good diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Double N‐Vinylation of Aromatic Amines: An Efficient Synthesis of Various Substituted N‐Arylpyrroles.
Authors: Liao Qian , Zhang Liyun , Wang Fei , Li Shutao , Xi Chanjuan
Published: January 2011

Various substituted N‐arylpyrroles are directly synthesized by sequential inter‐ and intramolecular N‐vinylation reactions of primary aryl amines (II) with dienyl diiodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclization of β‐Allenylhydrazones: An Efficient Synthesis of Multisubstituted N‐Aminopyrroles.
Authors: Benedetti Erica , Lemiere Gilles , Chapellet Laure‐Lise , Penoni Andrea , Palmisano Giovanni , Malacria Max , Goddard Jean‐Philippe , Fensterbank Louis
Published: January 2011

Selective 1,2 migrations of alkyl or aryl groups [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,3‐Disubstituted Oxindoles by Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of 2‐(Alkynyl)aryl Isocyanates with Benzylic Alcohols.
Authors: Toyoshima Takeharu , Mikano Yusuke , Miura Tomoya , Murakami Masahiro
Published: January 2011

Treatment of isocyanates (I) with benzylic or allylic alcohols in the presence of a Pd‐catalyst results in a cyclization and [1,3]‐rearrangement sequence to give the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Pyrazoles: Oxidative C—C/N—N Bond‐Formation Cascade.
Authors: Neumann Julia J. , Suri Mamta , Glorius Frank
Published: January 2011

A new synthetic access towards tetrasubstituted pyrazoles is presented, involving the Cu(II)‐mediated reaction of a wide diversity of enamines with various aliphatic and aromatic nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Metal‐Free, Three‐Component Manifold for the C2‐Functionalization of 1‐Substituted Imidazoles Operating “On Water”.
Authors: Cruz‐Acosta Fabio , de Armas Pedro , Garcia‐Tellado Fernando
Published: January 2011

The procedure affords derivatives bearing a highly functionalized side chain.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Allyl‐ and 1‐Benzyl‐3‐methyl‐1,2,3‐triazolium Salts via Tandem Click Transformations.
Authors: Flechter James T. , Keeney Matthew E. , Walz Sara E.
Published: January 2011

Triazoles of type (III) are synthesized in a one‐pot manner via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of terminal alkynes bearing an alkyl chain and organic azides, generated in situ.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activity Evaluation of Some Novel 6‐Alkoxy (Phenoxy)‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐a]phthalazine‐3‐amine Derivatives.
Authors: Sun Xian‐Yu , Hu Chuan , Deng Xian‐Qing , Wei Cheng‐Xi , Sun Zhi‐Gang , Quan Zhe‐Shan
Published: January 2011

Title compounds (VI) (21 examples) are synthesized starting from phthalic anhydride (I) using the cyclization reaction of phthalazinylhydrazine (II) with cyanogen bromide as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and UV Absorption of New Conjugated Quinoxaline 1,4‐Dioxide Derivatives Anticipated as Tumor Imaging and Cytotoxic Agents.
Authors: El‐Gogary Sameh R. , Waly Mohamed A. , Ibrahim Ismail T. , El‐Sepelgy Osama Z.
Published: January 2011

The compounds (V), (VII), and (IX) show UV absorptions around λmax <350 nm.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Furo‐, Thieno‐, and Pyrroloazepines.
Authors: Villarreal Carlos , Martinez Roberto
Published: January 2011

A straightforward access to the title heterocycles (VI) proceeds through oxidative radical alkylation and intramolecular lactamization.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Borylation of Reactive Aryl Halides with MPBH (4,4,6‐Trimethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborinane).
Authors: PraveenGanesh Nageswaran , Demory Emilien , Gamon Christine , Blandin Veronique , Chavant Pierre Y.
Published: January 2011

Electron‐rich substrates give high yields, whereas electron‐deficient substrates react with competitive hydrodehalogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 205. Hydrophosphonylation of Benzoylhydrazones Using Iodine as a Catalyst: A Facile Synthesis of α‐(N′‐Acylhydrazino)‐Substituted Phosphonates.
Authors: Das Biswanath , Kumar Jayprakash Narayan , Kumar Avula Satya , Kanth Boddu Shashi
Published: January 2011

The title compounds are prepared as biologically interesting analogues of aminosubstituted phoshonic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridine 2,6‐Dicarboxylic Acid as a Bifunctional Organocatalyst for Hydrophosphonylation of Aldehydes and Ketones in Water.
Authors: Jahani Fatemeh , Zamenian Behi , Khaksar Samad , Tajbakhsh Mahmood
Published: January 2011

The cost‐effective and environmentally friendly procedure affords various α‐hydroxyphoshonates within a short reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Closing Metathesis of Allylsilanes as a Flexible Strategy Toward Cyclic Terpenes. Short Syntheses of Teucladiol, Isoteucladiol, Poitediol, and Dactylol and an Attempted Synthesis of Caryophyllene.
Authors: Dowling Matthew S. , Vanderwal Christopher D.
Published: January 2011

Ring‐closing metathesis of the allylsilane (I) followed by methylation and desilylation allows a short route to teucladiol (V) and isoteucladiol (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Formal Synthesis of Benzomalvin A.
Authors: Al‐Said Naim H.
Published: January 2011

A simple and environmentally friendly procedure is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palmyrolide A, an Unusually Stabilized Neuroactive Macrolide from Palmyra Atoll Cyanobacteria.
Authors: Pereira Alban R. , Cao Zhengyu , Engene Niclas , Soria‐Mercado Irma E. , Murray Thomas F. , Gerwick William H.
Published: January 2011

The absolute configuration is determined at C‐14, whereas between C‐5 and C‐7 only a syn relative configuration can be established.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergence of the Enhancement of the Effective Mass under Pressure and Magnetic Field in Heavy‐Fermion Compounds: CeRu2Si2, CeRh2Si2, and CeIn3
Authors: Flouquet J. , Aoki D. , Knafo W. , Knebel G. , Matsuda T. D. , Raymond S. , Proust C. , Paulsen C. , Haen P.
Published: January 2011

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphinine Derivatives and Their Use as Versatile Intermediates in P‐Heterocyclic Chemistry
Authors: Keglevich Gyorgy
Published: January 2011

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kdo: A Critical Monosaccharide for Bacteria Viability
Authors: Cipolla Laura , Gabrielli Luca , Bini Davide , Russo Laura , Shaikh Nasrin
Published: January 2011

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines Based on Quinoxalines
Authors: Mamedov V. A. , Kalinin A. A.
Published: January 2011

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of N‐Methylpyrrolidin‐2‐one Hydrotribromide in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Jain S. L. , Sain B.
Published: January 2011

Review: 186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Peptidomimetics and Pseudopeptides from Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Wessjohann Ludger A. , Rhoden Cristiano R. B. , Rivera Daniel G. , Vercillo Otilie Eichler
Published: January 2011

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selected Five‐Membered Phosphorus Heterocycles Containing a Stereogenic Phosphorus
Authors: Drabowicz Jozef , Krasowska Dorota , Lopusinski Andrzej , Heugebaert Thomas S. A. , Stevens Christian V.
Published: January 2011

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Acidic Isocyanides in Multicomponent Chemistry
Authors: Elders Niels , Ruijter Eelco , Nenajdenko Valentine G. , Orru Romano V. A.
Published: January 2011

Review: 184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: RNA Interference: A Chemist′s Perspective
Authors: Gaynor James W. , Campbell Barry J. , Cosstick Richard
Published: January 2011

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms of Macromolecular Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Farady Christopher J. , Craik Charles S.
Published: January 2011

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Package Selection for Moisture Protection for Solid, Oral Drug Products
Authors: Waterman Kenneth C. , MacDonald Bruce C.
Published: January 2011

Review: 59 refs.
Measurement and Analysis of Mixture Adsorption Equilibrium in Porous Solids
Authors: Talu Orhan
Published: January 2011

Most applications of adsorption involve fluid mixtures and porous solids. Three reference states with Gibbs definition of adsorption describe absolute, excess, and net adsorption frameworks. All depend on solid mass as the extensive property rather than surface area, an ambiguous concept for porous solids. Pure component isotherms by push‐button apparatus are a first step to characterize adsorption, but process development also requires mixture data since models are not dependable. Mixture experiments are an order of magnitude more complicated than pure isotherms requiring careful design of apparatus and experiments. Thermodynamic relations are very useful for system and experimental design and for analysis of data. All relevant definitions and relations are explained in this paper and illustrated with a set of pure and binary mixture adsorption equilibrium data.
Optimizing antibody panels for efficient and cost‐effective flow cytometric diagnosis of acute leukemia
Authors: Haycocks Neil G. , Lawrence Lenore , Cain Joseph W. , Zhao X. Frank
Published: January 2011

Background:

Differentiating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) determines effective patient management and often depends on flow cytometry. Antibodies used in flow cytometry are costly, and the expenses are not always reimbursed. Having observed that AML and ALL have distinct patterns in the CD45/SSC panel, we set to analyze more leukemia cases and establish an algorithm for the efficient diagnosis of acute leukemia.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 127 consecutive cases of acute leukemia within the last 2 years and correlated the blast distribution patterns in the CD45/SSC panel, with the morphology and the detailed immunophenotype.

Results:

Our results show that all the acute leukemias can be initially triaged into AML, ALL, and Indeterminate provisional groups based on the blast distribution patterns in the CD45/SSC panel and morphology. Each group was then further analyzed with tailored AML, ALL, and Indeterminate flow panels. Using this approach, we have efficiently and correctly diagnosed almost all the acute leukemias. Our analysis also determined the minimal numbers of immunological markers needed for the lineage assignment of acute leukemia.

Conclusion:

The algorithmic approach with tailored subsequent antibody selection could maintain diagnostic accuracy while significantly reducing reagent use, labor, and time. With a shrinking reimbursement for flow cytometric studies, an increase in laboratory efficiency without compromising diagnostic accuracy or turnaround time will contribute to preserving revenue and optimizing clinical service. © 2011 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Modulation of the cellular and humoral immune response to pediatric open heart surgery by methylprednisolone
Authors: Bocsi Jozsef , Hänzka Marie‐Christin , Osmancik Pavel , Hambsch Jörg , Dähnert Ingo , Sack Ulrich , Bellinghausen Wilfried , Schneider Peter , Janoušek Jan , Kostelka Martin , Tárnok Attila
Published: January 2011

Background:

With the intention to reduce overshooting immune response, glucocorticoids are frequently administered perioperatively in children undergoing open heart surgery. In a retrospective study we investigated extensively the modulation of the humoral and cellular immune response by methylprednisolone (MP).

Methods:

This study was carried out on blood samples from two groups of children who had undergone surgical correction of atrial or ventricular septal defects, either without (MP−, n = 10), or with MP administration (MP+, n = 23, dose median 11 (IQR 10–16) mg kg−1 body weight) before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB, duration median 42 (IQR 36–65) min). EDTA blood was obtained 24 h preoperatively, after anesthesia, at CPB begin and end, 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery, at discharge and at out‐patient follow‐up (median 8.2 (IQR 3.3–12.2) months after surgery). Complex blood analysis including clinical chemistry and flow cytometry were performed to monitor humoral immune response, differential blood count, lymphocyte subsets, and the degree of activation of various leukocyte subpopulations.

Results:

The patients' postoperative courses and follow‐up were uneventful. Release of IL‐6 and IL8 was reduced and that of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 upregulated by MP. Significant increase of circulating neutrophils and monocytes as inflammatory reaction to surgery and CPB contact was detected in both groups. However, invasion of monocytes to the periphery was delayed with MP. CD4+ and CD8+ T‐lymphocyte counts were lower with MP treatment. B‐lymphocyte count increased significantly after surgery in MP+ but remained constant in MP− group.

Conclusions:

MP treatment partially decreased the pro‐inflammatory effect of CPB surgery and induced anti‐inflammatory effect on the cellular and humoral level. © 2011 International Clinical Cytometry Society
On the optimum processing gain for a hybrid DS/FFH‐CDMA cellular system over Rayleigh fading channels
Authors: Varzakas P.
Published: January 2011

The optimization between the processing gain and the theoretically achievable average channel capacity per user (in the Shannon sense) of a constant total system's allocated bandwidth hybrid direct sequence/fast frequency hopping code‐division multiple‐access (DS/FFH‐CDMA) cellular system, when operating in a Rayleigh fading environment, is presented. Then, the spectral efficiency, expressed in (bits/s/Hz), is estimated in terms of the achievable average channel capacity per user, during the operation over a broadcast cellular time‐varying link, and leads to a simple theoretical novel‐closed‐form expression for the optimal processing gain value based on the maximization of the achieved spectral efficiency. The final expression derived can be useful for the practical design of a DS/FFH‐CDMA cellular system and for an initial quantitative analysis since it relates to the optimal processing gain applied and all system's parameters. Finally, numerical results are presented to illustrate and prove the validity of the presented analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance analysis of selection diversity over exponentially correlated α– µ fading environment
Authors: Popović Zoran , Panić Stefan R. , Anastasov Jelena , Spalević Petar , Stefanović Mihajlo
Published: January 2011

An approach to the performance analysis of multibranch selection combiner (SC) receiver operating over fading channels is presented. High level of generality for the proposed analysis is achieved by considering correlated α– µ fading environment. The effect of correlation is studied by assuming exponential correlation model of the signals in each diversity branch. The whole analysis is observed in the interference‐limited fading environments (SIR‐based diversity system is assumed). The important performance measures are considered. Closed form of formulae for the output SIR's probability density function and cumulative distribution function are derived. In order to check the accuracy of the complete proposed formulation, some numerical results are presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating machine learning inad hocrouting: A wireless adaptive routing protocol
Authors: Russell Brian , Littman Michael L. , Trappe Wade
Published: January 2011

The nodes in a wirelessad hocnetwork act as routers in a self‐configuring network without infrastructure. An application running on the nodes in thead hocnetwork may require that intermediate nodes act as routers, receiving and forwarding data packets to other nodes to overcome the limitations of noise, router congestion and limited transmission power. In existing routing protocols, the ‘self‐configuring’ aspects of network construction have generally been limited to the construction of routes that minimize the number of intermediate nodes on a route while ignoring the effects that the resulting traffic has on the overall communication capacity of the network. This paper presents a context‐aware routing metric that factors the effects of environmental noise and router congestion into a single time‐based metric, and further presents a new cross‐layer routing protocol, called Warp‐5 (Wireless Adaptive Routing Protocol, Version 5), that uses the new metric to make better routing decisions in heterogeneous network systems. Simulation results for Warp‐5 are presented and compared to the existing, well‐known AODV (Ad hocOn‐Demand Distance Vector) routing protocol and the reinforcement‐learning based routing protocol, Q‐routing. The results show Warp‐5 to be superior to shortest path routing protocols and Q‐routing for preventing router congestion and packet loss due to noise. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.