bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Age, Neural Differentiation, and Memory Performance
Authors: Koen Joshua D. , Hauck Nedra , Rugg Michael D.
Published: November 2018

Healthy aging is associated with decreased neural selectivity (dedifferentiation) in category-selective cortical regions. This finding has prompted the suggestion that dedifferentiation contributes to age-related cognitive decline. Consistent with this possibility, dedifferentiation has been reported to negatively correlate with fluid intelligence in older adults. Here, we examined whether dedifferentiation is associated with performance in another cognitive domain—episodic memory—that is also highly vulnerable to aging. Given the proposed role of dedifferentiation in age-related cognitive decline, we predicted there would be a stronger link between dedifferentiation and episodic memory performance in older than in younger adults. Young (18–30 years) and older (64–75 years) male and female humans underwent fMRI scanning while viewing images of objects and scenes before a subsequent recognition memory test. We computed a differentiation index in two regions of interest (ROIs): parahippocampal place area (PPA) and lateral occipital complex (LOC). This index quantified the selectivity of the BOLD response to preferred versus nonpreferred category of an ROI (scenes for PPA, objects for LOC). The differentiation index in the PPA, but not the LOC, was lower in older than in younger adults. Additionally, the PPA differentiation index predicted recognition memory performance for the studied items. This relationship was independent of and not moderated by age. The PPA differentiation index also predicted performance on a latent “fluency” factor derived from a neuropsychological test battery; this relationship was also age invariant. These findings suggest that two independent factors, one associated with age, and the other with cognitive performance, influence neural differentiation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAging is associated with neural dedifferentiation—reduced neural selectivity in “category-selective” cortical brain regions—which has been proposed to contribute to cognitive aging. Here, we examined whether neural differentiation is predictive of episodic memory performance, and whether the relationship is moderated by age. A neural differentiation index was estimated for scene-selective (PPA) and object-selective (LOC) cortical regions while participants studied images for a subsequent memory test. Age-related reductions were observed for the PPA, but not for the LOC, differentiation index. Importantly, the PPA differentiation index demonstrated age-invariant correlations with subsequent memory performance and a fluency factor derived from a neuropsychological battery. Together, these findings suggest that neural differentiation is associated with two independent factors: age and cognitive performance.
A Megabase-Scale Deletion is Associated with Phenotypic Variation of Multiple Traits in Maize
Authors: Han Xuesong , Qin Yao , Yu Feng , Ren Xuemei , Zhang Zuxin , Qiu Fazhan
Published: November 2018

Genomic deletions are pervasive in the maize (Zea mays L.) genome, and play important roles in phenotypic variation and adaptive evolution. However, little is known about the biological functions of these genomic deletions. Here, we report the biological function of a megabase-scale deletion, which we identified by position-based cloning of the multi-trait weakened (muw) mutant, which is inherited as a single recessive locus. MUW was mapped to a 5.16-Mb region on chromosome 2. The 5.16-Mb deletion in the muw mutant led to the loss of 48 genes and was responsible for a set of phenotypic abnormities, including wilting leaves, poor yield performance, reduced plant height, increased stomatal density, and rapid water loss. While muw appears to have resulted from double-stranded break repair that was not dependent on intragenomic DNA homology, extensive duplication of maize genes may have mitigated its effects and facilitated its survival.
Extension of Temperature Control Interval in Liquid-Flow Helium Cryostats
Authors: Zharkov I. P. , Ivaschenko A. N. , Sаfrоnоv V. V. , Sеlivanov A. V. , Sоlоnetsky A. G.
Published: November 2018

A method and a device are proposed, which allow the interval of temperature control in liquid-flow cryostats to be to extended from 2 to 520 K.
COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA DO MATERIAL PARTICULADO ATMOSFÉRICO: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Brito Paulo Henrique Ferreira de , Araújo Rinaldo dos Santos , Marinho Glória
Published: November 2018

Nos últimos anos têm havido uma grande preocupação com os problemas de poluição do ar causados pelas atividades antrópicas, principalmente associados ao lançamento de compostos poluentes em concentrações que podem causar danos ambientais e risco à saúde. Com isso, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão dos principais componentes inorgânicos presente na fração inálavel do material particulado atmosférico. Neste contexto, os metais e outros íons constituintes nessas frações podem agir no trato respiratório, promoverem um aumento de doenças carcinogênicas e/ou respiratórias. Conclui-se que, apesar do crescimento dos estudos de quantificação e qualificação da composição química do poluente e bem como a evidência dos efeitos dos componentes à saúde são necessários diversos estudos para caracterizar a qualidade do material particulado em uma determinada região.
TERRITORIAL INTENSIVE PRODUCTS AS PROMOTERS OF REGIONAL TOURISM. THE CASE STUDY OF DOURO SKINCARE
Authors: Carvalho Luísa Cagica , Soutinho Cristina , Paiva Teresa , Leal Sérgio
Published: November 2018

The case study explores the growth and regional involvement of Douro SkinCare[1], a company created by women that operates in the field of selective Biological Cosmetics through the creation, development and production of cosmetic lines that are based on emblematic raw materials of the Douro Region, one of the oldest wine-growing areas with more history in the world, located in the north of our country, Portugal. It uses Douro grapes and PORT WINE DNA ™ (Douro Nuclear Aroma), created from the first port wine from entirely organic production to develop cosmetic lines produced with endogenous products. The territorial intensive products (TIP) are associated directly with the region and are intensively endogenous. TIPs are indirectly related with local tourism as a trademark.This case study uses a qualitative methodology, based on YIN (1998) to select and analyse information collected by the interviewers and other secondary information sources.This case illustrates how a brand can contribute for regional development and expansion by a small female business. It also highlights the role of the entrepreneurs in introducing modernity, innovation and product diversification to allow such a small firm to reach new markets.This research could bring new insights and relevant proposals to the relation between TIPs, female entrepreneurship, tourism and regional development.Additionally, by utilizing grapes and/or wine and other derived products produced from vines grown completely organically in the Douro region in northern Portugal, the firm has contributed significantly to create awareness about the sustainability of this natural resource and the region itself.[1] http://douroskincare.com/, retrieved on July 28, 2016.
GENDER ANALYSIS IN THE SCIENTIFIC PARTICIPATION IN MINERAL TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Leite José Yvan Pereira , Oliveira Arthemis Silva de , Frutuoso Vitória Nayara de Lima
Published: November 2018

The insertion of women in the scientific area in engineering has been little studied in Brazil and with the mineral technology is no different. With the objective of generating data for the discussion of the subject in the country, a survey of the female participation in the development of scientific activities between the years of 1973 and 2015 was carried out. These data were collected from the  Proceedings of the Brazilian Meeting of Mineral Treatment and Extractive Metallurgy event that held its first event in 1973, in Rio de Janeiro, under the organization of UFRJ, with 26 events. A pioneer researcher in this area was identified as Profa. Hedda Vargas Figueira (CETEM and UFRJ), who published two articles in the area of Comminution in 1973. During this period, scientific participation was increasing, having surpassed men in recent years. However, it is observed that women do not characterize themselves as leading researchers. The most prominent researcher in this period is Profa. Virginia Sampaio Teixeira Ciminelli (UFMG), with relevant works in the area of hydrometallurgy. It was also observed the increase of publications of articles that only involve women. The work shows strong feminine insertion in science in the area of mineral technology and in teacher renewal these numbers should increase the participation in the academic posts.
PUBLIC OPINION: BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR THE SYSTEMATIZATION OF TRENDS
Authors: Silva Ana Eliza Ferreira Alvim da , Prado José Willer do , Alcântara Valderí de Castro , Tonelli Dany Flavio , Pereira José Roberto
Published: November 2018

This paper sought to identify trends in the research of “public opinion”, allowing for an analysis of the field in a systematized manner. We carried out a bibliometric study of 2,536 articles selected from the Web of Science. With the aid of the CiteSpace software, we aimed to characterize the research front and intellectual base of the field. In relation to the research front, we noted an increase in publications between 1945 and 2016; we identified Robert Shapiro and Lawrence Jacobs as the most productive authors; among the most referenced articles were those by Gamson and Modigliani (1989) and Page and Shapiro (1983). We also identified that the majority of articles are: by North American authors; were published in the journals Public Opinion Quarterly and Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya; are indexed in the categories of Government & Law and Political Science and represented by the keywords public opinion, attitudes, support, policy, the United States and politics. With regard to the intellectual base in the journal co-citation network, the Public Opinion Quarterly, American Political Science Review and American Journal of Political Science stood out. In the author co-citation network the most prominent authors were Page and Zaller. In the analysis of the references co-citation, the most frequent texts in the network were by Zaller (1992) and Page and Shapiro (1992). We concluded that scientific output on public opinion is on the increase, with a dynamic expansion of the research front and intellectual base.
POSSÍVEL TID GERADO NA REGIÃO POLAR E OBSERVADO SOBRE ESTAÇÕES EQUATORIAIS E DE BAIXAS LATITUDES
Authors: Cazuza Elio Pessoa , De Oliveira Anderson Luiz Pinheiro , Jácome Hadassa Raquel Peixoto , Borba Gilvan Luiz , Junior José Pedro Silva , Marques Manilo Soares
Published: November 2018

Os Distúrbios Ionosféricos Propagantes (TID’s - Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances) são irregularidades no plasma ionosférico que se propagam com velocidades da ordem de dezenas a poucas centenas de quilômetros por hora. Nesse trabalho, foram detectadas e caracterizadas perturbações do tipo LSTID’s (Large scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances), em baixas latitudes, durante intensas tempestades geomagnéticas e também a forma como se propagação. Utilizou-se registros ionosféricos obtidos a partir de digissondas do tipo CADI (Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde) localizada na cidade de Natal e do tipo DSP (Digisonde Portable Souder) localizadas nas cidades de Cachoeira Paulista, Ramey e Eglin. Os dados de sondagem de Ramey e Eglin foram disponibilizados pela Global Ionosphere Radio Observatory (GIRO). Para observar os efeitos de tempestades sobre a ionosfera polar, foram utilizadas imagens aurorais do polo Norte, obtidas pelo satélite POLAR, que mostraram a intensificação do eletrojato auroral pela injeção de partículas nas cúspides. O período analisado compreendeu os dias 06 e 07 de abril de 2000 e os índices utilizados para caracterizar a atividade magnética nesse período foram Dst, Kp, e AE, além da componente Bz do campo magnético interplanetário. A tempestade ocorrida no dia 6 de abril apresentou um Dstmin = - 288 nT. A partir de gráficos de isolinhas foram verificados comportamentos anômalos da ionosfera sobre as quatro cidades, caracterizando a propagação como sendo do tipo LSTID’s, gerados pela expansão do oval auroral nos polos.
A REFORMA DO ENSINO MÉDIO: uma leitura crítica da Lei n. 13.415/2017 – adaptação ou resistência?
Authors: Ciavatta Maria
Published: November 2018

A reforma do Ensino Médio aprovada pelo governo federal em 2017 requer uma leitura crítica quanto à forma centralizada em que foi concebida e aprovada pelo governo federal. Neste artigo, temos como principal questão a imposição prática de adaptar-se às suas determinações ou resistir à sua aplicação. As duas possibilidades dependem do tratamento que damos à realidade onde construímos nossas vidas, que são históricas e dialéticas. Adaptar-se ou resistir supõe compreender o movimento da vida social na totalidade das relações que constituem a própria reforma, as imposições dos termos da Lei e suas consequências para a formação e o trabalho docente na formação profissional. Supõe apreender o movimento da história, onde ocorre esta e outras reformas, como a trabalhista, o limite dos gastos públicos, o projeto de lei da escola “sem” partido, o desflorestamento, a violência no campo, na vida urbana. São aspectos que fazem parte do contexto econômico e político da Lei e das ações para resistir e subvertê-la. Elas não afetam apenas o ensino médio, mas também a vida e a formação dos professores, o exercício do magistério e as condições de autonomia didático-pedagógica das escolas. Nesta concepção de realidade, não temos respostas prontas, mas temos critérios para refletir sobre as opções e os caminhos que se fecham ou que se abrem aos nossos jovens estudantes, e para a formação e o trabalho docente. Em nossa reflexão, devemos abordar os seguintes aspectos: a história do trabalho e da educação no Brasil e a herança do pensamento escravista; as transformações contemporâneas do mundo do trabalho, o capitalismo dependente e a reforma da legislação trabalhista; o trabalho e a formação docente e a Lei da Reforma do Ensino Médio.
ANÁLISE DE FALHA EM UM CABO DE AÇO USADO EM MÁQUINAS APOLETE
Authors: Lourenco Jorge Magner , Pereira Fábio Gustavo Lima , Bernardini Pedro Amedeo Nannetti , Carvalho André Luís de
Published: November 2018

O caso de engenharia mostrado neste artigo diz respeito a uma análise de falha envolvendo um cabo de aço. Este cabo é largamente utilizado como elemento de transmissão em uma máquina de exercícios físicos localizado, denominada de apolete. O cabo de aço emprego com essa finalidade é galvanizado, de enrolamento comum, com diâmetro de 4,8 mm, limite de resistência de 785,34 N/mm2 e fabricado pela Siva Indústria e Comércio de Artefatos de Arame e Aço Ltda. Para determinação do mecanismo que provocou a falha prematura desse elemento, os seguintes critérios de falha foram adotados: esforço de tração estática e dinâmica, de flexão pura, e por último o critério de vida teórica dos cabos metálicos, que se baseia na equação experimental de Niemam. Calculou-se a tensão admissível relacionada a cada um destes métodos. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o cabo de aço rompeu por fadiga devido ao elevado número de ciclos de flexão ao qual foi submetido, que somado ao agravante dos movimentos invertidos, produziu uma falha prematura do material.
Essential Oil Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae) from Erzincan Region, Turkey
Authors: SEVİNDİK Emre , AYDIN Sinem , EREN APAYDIN Elif , SÜRMEN Mustafa
Published: November 2018

In the present study, chemical composition determination and in vitro antimicrobial effects of essential oil of Achillea biebersteinii plant grown under Erzincan ecological conditions were evaluated. Extractions were carried out with Clevenger apparatus and essential oil composition was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Microorganisms used for the antimicrobial studies were Salmonella enterica serovar typhimirium ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 25923, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ATCC 911, Bacillus cereus 702 ROMA, Enterobacter aerogenes CCM 2531, Bacillus subtilis IMG 22 and Proteus vulgaris FMC 1. As a result, a total of 29 components were detected in Achillea biebersteinii.  Among them, 1,8-cineole (20.36%), cyclohexanone (8.39%), 2-cyclohexen-1-one (5.38%) and spathulenol (4.19%)  were found as the major components.  For the in vitro antimicrobial activity determination of essential oil, disc diffusion method was used in our study. Furthermore, 12-14 mm zone diameters were detected in antimicrobial activity assay. The highest resistance zone was detected against B. subtilis with 14 mm diameter while the least resistance zone was detected against Y. pseudotuberculosis, E. aerogenes and P. vulgaris with 12 mm diameter. Consequently, it was concluded that the essential oil extracted from the A. biebersteinii grown under Erzincan ecological conditions had an inhibitory effects on the pathogenic microorganisms in used method.
Differential Growth Responses of Wheat Seedlings to Elevated CO2
Authors: ESHGHIZADEH Hamid Reza , ZAHEDI Morteza , MOHAMMADI Samaneh
Published: November 2018

Intraspecific variations in wheat growth responses to elevated CO2 was evaluated using 20 Iranian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The plants were grown in the modified Hoagland nutrient solution at a greenhouse until 35 days of age using two levels of CO2 (~380 and 700 µmol mol–1). The shoot and root dry weights of the wheat cultivars exhibited average enhancements of 17% and 36%, respectively, under elevated CO2. This increase was associated with higher levels of chlorophyll a (25%), chlorophyll b (21%), carotenoid (30%), leaf area (54%) and plant height (49.9%). The leaf area (r = 0.69**), shoot N content (r = 0.62**), plant height (r = 0.60**) and root volume (r = 0.53*) were found to have important roles in dry matter accumulation of tested wheat cultivars under elevated CO2 concentration. However, responses to elevated CO2 were considerably cultivar-dependent. Based on the stress susceptibility index (SSI) and stress tolerance index (STI), the wheat cultivars exhibiting the best response to elevated CO2 content were ‘Sistan’, ‘Navid’, ‘Shiraz’, ‘Sepahan’ and ‘Bahar’, while the ones with poor responses were ‘Omid’, ‘Marun’, ‘Sorkhtokhm’ and ‘Tajan’. The findings from the present experiment showed significant variation among the Iranian wheat cultivars in terms of their responses to elevated air CO2, providing the opportunity to select the most efficient ones for breeding purposes.
Yellow Rust (Puccinia striiformis): a Serious Threat to Wheat Production Worldwide
Authors: KHANFRI Siham , BOULIF Mohammed , LAHLALI Rachid
Published: November 2018

Wheat (Triticum sp. L.), as one of the first domesticated food crops, is the basic staple food for a large segment of population around the world. The crop though is susceptible to many fungal pathogens. Stripe rust is an important airborne disease caused by Puccinia striiformis (Pst) and is widespread wherever wheat is cultivated throughout the world, in temperate-cool and wet environments. The causal fungus of stripe rust or yellow rust is an obligate parasite that requires another living host to complete its life cycle. Pst includes five types of spores in the life cycle on two distinct hosts. Stripe rust is distinguished from other rusts by the dusty yellow lesions that grow systemically in the form of streaks between veins and on leaf sheaths. The importance and occurrence of stripe rust disease varies in cultivated wheat, depending on environmental conditions (moisture, temperature, and wind), inoculum levels and susceptible host varieties. Transcaucasia was previously thought to be the center of origin for the pathogen. However, new findings further underlined Himalayan and near-Himalayan regions as center of diversity and a more tenable center of origin for P. striiformis. Long-distance dispersal of stripe rust pathogen in the air and occasionally by human activities enables Pst to spread to new geographical areas. This disease affects quality and yield of wheat crop. Early seeding, foliar fungicide application and cultivation of resistant varieties are the main strategies for its control. The emergence of new races of Pst with high epidemic potential which can adapt to warmer temperatures has expanded virulence profiles. Subsequently, races are more aggressive than those previously characterized. These findings emphasize the need for more breeding efforts of resistant varieties and reinforcement of other management practices to prevent and overcome stripe rust epidemic around the world.
Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Selection Indices Using Grain Yield in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: ERDEMCI Irfan
Published: November 2018

Among abiotic stresses, drought is undoubtedly one of the most important ones, that have great impact on crop growth and productivity worldwide. Therefore, identifying of plants' performance against drought stress and estimating drought tolerance become a necessary part of the breeding phase. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of several indices that combine drought tolerance and high yield potential in chickpea. The trials were conducted under both stressed and no-stressed environments for two growing seasons (2015/2016-2016/2017) in Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey. Varyans analysis results showed that there were significant differences among genotypes regarding Yp, Ys, MP, MRP, GMP, REI, STI, MISTIk 1, MISTIk 2, HM, YI, PI, ATI, SNPI and RDY. The genotypes FLIP09-51C, FLIP97-503C and FLIP06-97C had high yield under non-stressed condition, while the genotypes FLIP09-51C, FLIP06-97C and ‘Aksu’ displayed high amount under stressed condition. Thus, the genotypes FLIP09-51C and FLIP06-97C were found as good candidates for commercial recommendation in both conditions. Spearman rank correlation matrix showed that drought indices were significantly related to each other. The yields in stress and no-stress conditions (Yp and Ys) showed a significant and positive correlation with MP, MRP, GMP, REI, STI, MSTIK1, MSTIK2 and HM and showed a negative correlation with PI and RDY. As a result, it has been found that MISTIK2, DI, HM, STI and YI can be used as optimal indicators for screening drought-tolerant genotypes, while FLIP09-51C, FLIP06-97C, EN934 and ‘Aksu’ varieties have been the most tolerant genotypes in terms of these indices examined in study.
Vegetation Dynamics and Species Diversity in a Saharan Oasis, Egypt
Authors: SALAMA Fawzy Mahmoud , ABD EL-GHANI Monier Mohammed , AMRO Ahmed Abd El Rahman , GAAFAR Ali El Saeid , ABD EL-GALIL Ayat Abd El Monem
Published: November 2018

The present study provides an analysis of the floristic composition, habitat types, vegetation structure and species diversity, elucidating the role of the environmental factors that affect species distribution in Kharga Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt. The vegetation was sampled from 89 permanently visited stands in 12 sites situated along N - S line transect across the oasis, and extending for about 185 km to cover as much as possible the physiognomic variation in habitats. Four main habitats were recognized and forming concentric zones (from inside to outside): farmlands and date-palm orchards represent the inner zone, the waste-salinized lands (not saltmarshes) in the middle zone, and the surrounding (bounding) desert in the outer zone. A total of 122 species from 35 families and 102 genera represented the flora of the study area. Poaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae were the major families, which constituted 47% of the total flora. Classification using Bray-Curtis cluster analysis produced 4 vegetation groups (A - D); each can be linked to a certain habitat. The arrangement of habitat zones along the first DCA axis can be noticed: outer zone (bounding desert), middle zone (waste-salinized lands) and inner zone (arable lands). On the other hand, farmlands and date-palm orchard groups were separated from each other along the second DCA axis. The relationship between the vegetation and soil variables was studied using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA); it was indicated the most important environmental gradients those control the vegetation composition and the distribution pattern of species in Kharga Oasis, which were mainly related to gradients in soil moisture content and fine fractions. The present situation of Kharga Oasis urges the conservation of some old historic wells and the naturally growing open dom-palm forests before vanishing due to high human activities in the area.
Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae among In-Patients of Tertiary Hospitals in Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: ANIBIJUWON Ibikunle I. , GBALA Ifeoluwa Deborah , ADEBISI Olusoji O.
Published: November 2018

The study assessed the incidence and risk factor associated with the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) among hospitalized patients at three tertiary hospitals in Southwest, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was performed over a six-month surveillance period in the locations with a total of 300 blood and urine samples. A structured close-ended questionnaire was also administered to all subjects for review of demographics and potential risk factors. Fifty-nine isolates belonging to genera Escherichia (52.5%), Enterobacter (23.8%), Klebsiella (10.2%) and Proteus (13.6%) were isolated. All the isolates were multi-drug resistant with a notable resistance (100%) to cephalosporins and significant sensitivity to nitrofurantoin. A total of 23 isolates including Escherichia coli (n = 8), Enterobacter aerogenes (n = 9), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1) and Proteus mirabilis (n = 5) exhibited resistance to one or both of imipenem and meropenem. The overall incidence of CRE in the three locations at the time of study was 7.7%. Age (p = 0.01) and exposure to invasive devices were significant risk factors for CRE colonization. Although at low incidence, the occurrence of CRE among this group calls for active monitoring because of its implication fatality of infections as well as the propensity to spread.
Regulatory Network Identification, Promoter and Expression Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana NPR1 in Defense Responses against Stresses
Authors: SHAHRIARI Amir G. , TAHMASEBI Aminallah , SAZEGARI Sima
Published: November 2018

Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) phytohormones have been known for their roles in plant defense behaviour against biotic and abiotic stresses. They regulate defense pathways by antagonistic interaction. NPR1 as a key regulatory factor in the cross-talk between SA and JA, signaling is essential for the inhibition of JA-responsive gene expression by SA. In silico promoter analysis of 1.5 kb promoter regions of NPR1 gene revealed that NPR1 contains 23 MYB and 20 WRKY transcription factor binding sites. Different cis-elements associated with various stress responses were identified in Arabidopsis thaliana NPR1. The most common element was allocated to the defense responses against biotic stresses. Based on gene network analysis, NPR1, TGA2 and TGA3 were predicted to have functional cooperation with each other. Affymetrix microarray data analysis of A. thaliana under SA treatment demonstrated that most genes involved in NPR1 network are up-regulated under SA treatment. Therefore, interaction and cooperation between these factors might serve to fine-tune regulation of defense and immune responses against biotic and abiotic stresses.
Biochemical Markers of Salt Stress in European Larch (Larix decidua)
Authors: PLESA Ioana , AL HASSAN Mohamad , SESTRAS Adriana F. , VICENTE Oscar , BOSCAIU Monica , SESTRAS Radu E.
Published: November 2018

Larix decidua, the European larch, does not grow in natural saline areas, but it can be affected by salinity either by the common practice of winter de-icing of mountain roads with NaCl, or when grown as an ornamental tree in urban areas by the use of low quality, salinised irrigation water. In the present study, the responses to salt stress of young seedlings obtained from seeds of seven Carpathian larch populations were analysed. After 30 days of treatments with 150 mM NaCl, growth and biochemical parameters were determinated. Salt stress inhibited growth of all seedlings, as shown by the relative reduction of stem length and fresh weight, and induced significant changes in the needle levels of several biochemical stress markers. Seedlings from all populations showed a marked reduction of photosynthetic pigments contents and an increase of proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. Under salt stress, plants accumulated Na+ and Cl- in the needles, whereas K+ was maintained at a steady level. Responses of seedlings from the different populations were similar, with only small quantitative differences that did not allow the identification of more salt tolerant genotypes. However, the study revealed that several of the biochemical markers mentioned above can be suitable for the rapid and non-destructive assessment of the effects of salinity in European larch.
Segmental Inner Macular Layer Analysis with Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography for Early Detection of Normal Tension Glaucoma v1
Authors: Lin Jih-Pin , Lin Pei-Wen , Lai Ing-Chou , Tsai Jen-Chia
Published: November 2018

Purpose: To segment the inner macular layers (IML) and compare the discriminating abilities of the macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL and pRNFL, respectively) thicknesses in patients with early-stage normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Forty-nine normal subjects and 69 preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) and 60 NTG patients were enrolled. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to obtain pRNFL and macular thickness parameters and segment the IML in all subjects. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves were used to compare the diagnostic capabilities of different parameters. Results: The pRNFL, total macular layer (TML), mRNFL, and macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL) were significantly thinner in the NTG group than in the PPG and normal groups. The global and superotemporal pRNFL and the mGCL in the superior outer area were the three best parameters for detecting early NTG. The discriminating capabilities of the superior and inferior mGCL were comparable to those of the corresponding pRNFL (p=0.573, 0.841). Concerning location, the mGCL had higher AUROCs in the outer sectors (0.863, 0.837) than in the inner sectors (0.747, 0.747). Pearson’s correlation coefficients also revealed significant correlations between the mGCL and pRNFL (superior: r=0.499, inferior: r=0.624). The strongest correlation was between the mGCL and mean deviation (MD) (superior: r=0.434 and inferior: r=0.402). Conclusions: The diagnostic value of mGCL thickness is comparable to that of pRNFL thickness. IMLs in the outer sectors had better diagnostic capabilities than those in the inner sector for detecting early NTG.
Wet-lab identification of Leishmania donovani antigens detected by human IgG1 v1
Authors: Hinckel Bruno , Marlais Tegwen , Airs Stephanie
Published: November 2018

This protocol describes a wet-lab method to identify Leishmania proteins bands recognized by human IgG1. The cytosolic proteins obtained by cell lysis are initially separated by tricine gel electrophoresis using a long (14 cm) apparatus (SG-200, CBS Scientific, USA). Upon completion of the gel electrophoresis, the proteins are transferred onto a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane (10600046, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, UK)using a semi-dry electroblotting transfer system (1703940, Bio-Rad, UK). The NC membrane is sliced into several thin (4mm) strips and each of the strip is immunoassayed with individual sera from Indian patients with different clinical status of visceral leishmaniasis - VL (active VL, relapse, endemic healthy controls and non-endemic healthy controls) using an HRP-conjugated anti-human IgG1 secondary antibody (ab99774, Abcam, Cambridge, UK)
Single-cell mapping of lineage and identity via CellTagging v1
Authors: A Morris Samantha , A. Biddy Brent , Kong Wenjun , Kamimoto Kenji , Guo Chuner , Waye Sarah , Sun Tao
Published: November 2018

Single-cell technologies are offering unprecedented insight into complex biology, revealing the behavior of rare cell populations that are typically masked in bulk population analyses. One current limitation of single-cell approaches is that lineage relationships are lost as a result of cell processing, restricting interpretations of the data collected. Elegant computational approaches have been developed in an effort to infer these missing observations, but it remains a challenge to reconstruct true reprogramming trajectories using these tools. Although sophisticated lineage tracing solutions to connect cell history with fate are emerging, these protocols are either not compatible with high-throughput scRNA-seq, or require genome editing strategies that are not readily deployed in some systems. Here, our protocol describes a single-cell resolution clonal tracking approach, ‘CellTagging’, based on combinatorial cell indexing, permitting the parallel capture of lineage information and cell identity. CellTagging integrates with high-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing, where iterative rounds of cell labeling enable the construction of multi-level lineage trees. This straightforward lentiviral-labeling approach can be applied to an array of cell biological applications to simultaneously profile lineage and identity, at single-cell resolution.
Potential of qualitative methods in the modern research of conflict perception
Authors: Golynchik E.O.
Published: November 2018

The current article represents the thoughts about difficulties, which the researcher faces while studying the social-perceptional phenomena in the context of conflict interaction and also about advantages and potentials which are given by usage of qualitative methodology in similar researches. The text generalizes the expertise of several empirical researches. Shows the examples of abilities of current methods in studying the perception of the conflict and constructing it’s image in text. Described the following advantages of depth interview as soft entering and closing the interview situation; careful attitude towards interviewee feelings that are linked to memories about conflict; possibility of social desirability in the replies. Out of the advantages of discourse analysis are shown the next as possibility of usage contemporary discourse approach in studying phenomena of social cognition and research of conflict’s image constructing process and giving meaning to conflict events in texts of news discourse and interviewing by means of language and linguistic construction analysis.
Digital socialization in the cultural-historical paradigm: a changing child in a changing world
Authors: Soldatova G.U.
Published: November 2018

The paper presents the methodology, methods and results of empirical research (2010—2018) of a social situation of development of the digital generation. The digital childhood and digital socialization as social and psychological phenomena are conceptualized in the optics of the cultural-historical paradigm. Modern methods of the analysis of digital reality are considered: the meta-analytical and longitude approaches working with big data, experimental designs on small samplings, the analysis of social networks and some other. The author offers the integrative concept for studying of phenomenology of the digital childhood and socialization (features of cognitive and personal development, relationship with the external world, social and cultural practices). The final conclusion — modern psychology needs the transdisciplinary association of various methodological strategies which will be adequate to requirements of the rapidly changing world and a new social situation of development of children and teenagers.
"Photo-video presentation of appearance" as a method of a person’s perceived age studying
Authors: Vorontsova T.A.
Published: November 2018

The article proposes a procedure of "photo-video presentation of physical appearance" as a method of a person’s perceived age studying. It was developed on the basis of V.A. Labunskaya̕s socio-psychological approach to the appearance of a person, as well as on the world practice of perceived age studying. "Perceived age" is considered as a result of a person’s physical appearance perception. It is the object age perception, attributed to it by the perception subject. The physical appearance of a person and its components act as age markers, which can be studied by people of different age photos and video images presenting to subjects of perception (evaluators). The article discusses some methodological problems that arise in the study of person’s perceived age, namely: what to show (photo/video, face/body), to whom to show (experts / ordinary people, men/women, young/elderly) and to how many appraisers to show. In the article on the basis of modern research the number of methodological approaches to designing the sets of photos and video images of appearance to study person’s perceived age are proposed.
Easy as pie. How not to treat statistics
Authors: Krichevec A.N.
Published: November 2018

The article discusses the methodological difficulties associated with the spread of statistical methods of data processing in psychological works. In particular, there is a simplification of the understanding of statistics by researchers, which increasingly leads to the adoption of the hypothesis of the presence of the effect, in a situation where it is not. There is a brief review of publications and examples where this issue is the subject of critical analysis. Presented a research which showed that in the repetition of experiments published in reputable journals, the significance accepted in the scientific community was observed only in 39% of the works — this effect was called the “publication shift”. The article discusses ways to solve this problem, in particular, meta-analysis, through which it is possible to confirm the results of a series of experiments relating to one problem — subject to the availability of information about the design and openness of raw data. An understanding of the probabilistic nature of statistical results must be mandatory for the evaluation of studies
Trabalho, natureza e sociedade: o processo de exclusão relacionado ao trabalho com o lixo
Authors: Guisso Sandra Maria , Meira Menandro Paulo Rogério
Published: November 2018

O texto propõe uma reflexão acerca das relações de trabalho, os significados envolvidos nestas relações e as trocas sociais estabelecidas. Neste contexto, buscou-se compreender as relações de trabalho dos catadores de materiais recicláveis na sociedade capitalista e qual lugar esses trabalhadores ocupam nessa sociedade.
La eurozona, el modelo especulativo-inmobiliario y el movimiento obrero en España
Authors: Mateo Juan Pablo
Published: November 2018

En este artículo se analiza la relación entre la dinámica de crecimiento de la economía española en el período previo a la crisis (1994-2007) y el movimiento obrero desde la perspectiva de la transformación socioeconómica. Más específicamente, considerando la reestructuración neoliberal asociada al proyecto de la Unión Europea y Monetaria, se analizan las consecuencias del modelo especulativo-inmobiliario sobre la conformación de la clase trabajadora, a partir de lo cual plantear ciertas líneas para una salida progresista de la crisis. El análisis permite mostrar la desestructuración que ha ocurrido en la economía española con la incorporación a la eurozona, en términos tanto sectoriales como de empleo. Ello exige una apuesta por una intervención del Estado en defensa de los derechos de los trabajadores.
A pobreza como "disfunção social": a culpabilização e a criminalização do indivíduo
Authors: Siqueira Luana
Published: November 2018

Opresente trabalho, fruto de pesquisa de doutorado, tem com objetivo é problematizara concepção de pobreza como “disfunção” dos indivíduos e as consequentesrespostas que os auto-responsabilizam, culpabilizam e criminalizam os mesmos.Assim, buscamos o suporte teórico marxistas, a lei geral de acumulação capitalista e concluímos que a“pobreza” na sociedade capitalista éindissociada da riqueza e  que semanifesta numa variedade e heterogeneidade de formas, atingindo diferentementepopulações e sujeitos, em realidades singulares; e que seu enfrentamento não écompromisso natural ou até moral, que dependa de ações voluntarias e de boavontade, tão pouco um fenômeno que se resolve com ações altruístas,autosustentável e empoderada, e que as ações de políticas sociais no marco dasociedade capitalista podem atenuar e até resolver a pobreza absoluta, masjamais a pauperização relativa.
Assistência Social e o Benefício de Prestação Continuada para idosos no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Sochaczewski Jacques , Lobato Lenaura de Vasconcelos da Costa , Tavares Luzia Helena Galaxe de Lima
Published: November 2018

O artigo analisa os serviços assistenciais do Sistema Único de Assistencial Social (SUAS) para idosos beneficiários do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC). Os dados são parte de pesquisa sobre Assistência Social e o BPC realizada com o apoio da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Faperj. Foram pesquisados 21 municípios fluminenses, a partir de questionários a beneficiários, profissionais de Centros Referência da Assistência Social (CRAS) e gestores da assistência social. Para este artigo destacam-se os resultados relativos a necessidades de beneficiários, a utilização dos serviços por parte desses usuários e a avaliação desses serviços segundo os distintos segmentos investigados. Os resultados indicam a expansão da presença da assistência social nos municípios, mas uma ainda frágil estrutura de serviços disponíveis aos beneficiários idosos do BPC.
Contradições do Estado brasileiro ante o envelhecimento do seu povo
Authors: Giacomin Karla Cristina
Published: November 2018

Indubitavelmente, as cinco dimensões abordadas por Faleiros são fundamentais para compreender como se dá o envelhecimento, sendo imprescindível discutir o envelhecimento, quer seja biológico, demográfico ou social, a longevidade e a velhice a partir do contexto em que estes fenômenos acontecem. Nesse debate não cabe contestar o incontestável, mas contribuir com a certeza de que se queremos interferir em algum fenômeno é importante compreender os modos de agir e de pensar das pessoas e das instituições, que experimentam o mesmo contexto.
A América Latina entre a cruz e a caldeira
Authors: Mendonça Luiz Jorge Vasconcellos P. de
Published: November 2018

A partir do texto de Carcanholo, M., o artigo tece considerações sobre a superexploração da força de trabalho e a dependência existente na América Latina em razão dos interesses dos países centrais e das principais multinacionais. Ressalta-se a importância da união soberana entre as diversas economias que a compõem como única forma de enfrentar o imperialismo do grande capital. União esta que, além de representar a única solução possível para a melhoria das condiçoes de vida das populações latinas, não necessariamente estão consubstanciadas no desenvolvimento dos blocos econômicos comerciais da região. Estes muitas vezes também representam e se conformam segundo interesses das multinacionais/do imperialismo do capital.
A Teoria da (Inter) Dependência de Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Authors: Dos Santos Nogueira Camilla
Published: November 2018

Durante os anos 1960, a Teoria da Dependência demonstrou que o subdesenvolvimento dos países periféricos estava conectado com a expansão dos países industrializados, de tal modo que o desenvolvimento e o subdesenvolvimento apareciam como aspectos distintos de um mesmo movimento. Até então, o subdesenvolvimento era considerado uma condição necessária para o processo evolutivo que tinha o desenvolvimento como fim
Особливості емісії банками умовних конвертованих цінних паперів
Authors: Kravchuk I. S.
Published: November 2018

У статті досліджено специфічні характеристики умовних конвертованих цінних паперів (активатори, купонна ставка, строк обігу, механізм трансформації) у взаємозв’язку з управлінням фінансовою стійкістю банківських установ, їх вплив на стабільність ринку обігових фінансових інструментів, а також визначено перспективи побудови ринку цих цінних паперів в Україні.Роль умовних конвертованих облігацій у міжнародній фінансовій системі є в певній мірі амбівалентною – з однієї сторони ці інструменти емітуються для забезпечення підтримки стабільності банківських систем, а з іншої – існує ймовірність негативного впливу на стабільність ринків та інвесторів при активації умови про конверсію/списання боргу.В Україні впровадження в обіг умовних конвертованих цінних паперів є передчасним, оскільки для розвитку ринку інструментів з умовою ймовірного списання не має попиту зі сторони інвесторів, а для умовних конвертованих облігацій з умовою конверсії в акції додатковим стримуючим фактором є майже повна відсутність ринку банківських акцій.
RISK-ORIENTED APPROACH TO PROVIDING ECONOMIC SECURITY TO CONSUMERS OF HOUSING AND UTILITY SERVICES: ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND MODERN IMPLEMETATION PRACTICE
Authors: Bulkina I. , Savenko K. , Chepeliuk M.
Published: November 2018

The article demonstrates that modern threats to consumers of housing and utility services demand immediate and adequate measures for their prevention based on the application of risk-oriented approach. Having studied foreign and Ukrainian expertise, the topical issues of security management in various areas of economic activity have been considered on the basis of the risk-oriented approach, the current situation has been analyzed and methods and algorithms of problem solution have been defined. A wide range of measures based on the interconnected coordinated actions of the security subjects aimed at economic security provision for consumers of housing and utility services.
ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS ENTITIES’ FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE UNDER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Levytska S. O. , Krynychnay I. P. , Akimova A. O. , Kuzmin O. V.
Published: November 2018

Every year the number of users interested in non-financial reporting grows. Their aim is to assess company activity including not only their financial performance but also their contribution to social and economic development of society. However, non-financial reporting cannot provide full information to users in order to satisfy all their requirements. It is upon Integrated Reporting (IR), which refers to financial and non-financial indexes. In the article disclosure the analysis of financial and business performance technique for national entities (private as well as public sectors of economy) that would include using financial and non-financial indexes.To standardize financial and operating performance indexes, their possible comparison, macro and micro modeling, it is proposed to identify Index of performance, which is defined by the system of complex indexes: index (indicator) of reaching business entity economic indicators, index (indicator) for ecological efficiency, index (indicator) for social efficiency. It was grounded the necessity to calculate Quality coefficient assessment to avoid declarative achievement of ecological and social efficiency indexes, the quality of their performance.
АНАЛІЗ ДОСВІДУ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ФІНАНСОВИХ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ ДЛЯ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОГО СЕКТОРУ ОСТРІВНИХ КРАЇН КАРИБСЬКОГО БАСЕЙНУ
Authors: Abakumenko O. V.
Published: November 2018

У статті викладені результати авторської систематизації досвіду країн Карибського регіону щодо запровадження та використання фінансових інструментів стимулювання модернізації сектору виробництва електричної енергії. Сформульовано припущення про наявність додаткових факторів стимулювальної активності держави, що обумовлюють неідентичність результативних трансформацій енергетичної матриці навіть за умов запровадження аналогічної кількості фінансових інструментів. До згаданих факторів пропонуємо віднести об’єктивні реалії економічної дійсності та внутрішні сутнісні відмінності між самими інструментами.