bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Complicated with Both Infratentorial and Supratentorial Cortical Superficial Siderosis: Novel Imaging Findings on Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Offering Clues to Pathophysiology
Authors: Watanabe Shinya , Shibata Yasushi , Ishikawa Eiichi
Published: May 2024

The pathology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), a disease characterized by papillary edema and increased intracranial pressure (IICP), is not yet understood; this disease significantly affects quality of life due to symptoms, including vision loss, headache, and pulsatile tinnitus. By contrast, superficial siderosis (SS), a disorder in which hemosiderin is deposited on the surface of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, potentially causes cerebellar ataxia or hearing loss. So far, no cases of IIH with infratentorial and supratentorial cortical SS have been reported. Herein, we report a case of a 31-year-old woman with obesity who developed this condition. The patient suddenly developed headache and dizziness, had difficulty walking, and subsequently became aware of diplopia. Fundus examination revealed bilateral optic nerve congestive papillae and right eye abducens disturbance. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed prominent SS on the cerebellar surface and cerebral cortex. Lumbar puncture revealed IICP of 32 cmH2O, consistent with the diagnostic criteria for IIH, and treatment with oral acetazolamide was started; subsequently, the intracranial pressure decreased to 20 cmH2O. Her abduction disorder disappeared, and the swelling of the optic papilla improved. She was now able return to her life as a teacher without any sequelae. SS is caused by persistent slight hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space. In this case, both infratentorial and supratentorial cortical superficial SS was observed. Although cases of IIH complicated by SS are rare, it should be kept in mind that a causal relationship between IIH and SS was inferred from our case. Our findings also suggest that cerebrospinal fluid dynamic analysis using MRI is effective in diagnosing IIH and in determining the efficacy of treatment.
The Empowerment of The Joho Village Farmers Groups Through Corn Grit Production
Authors: Siswanti Siswanti , Anandito Baskara Katri , Hartanto Rofandi , Widowati Dyah
Published: May 2024

Most of the Joho Village people depend on rice as a staple, which triggers limited economic growth in the agricultural sector. The area has abundant corn yields and is potentially processed as corn grits (rice alternative). Corn processing has solely in dry-shelled corn form, a drop in corn-shelled prices, the stagnant of the Farmers Groups Association (FGA) activity, and the lack of knowledge (food products processing, entrepreneurship, and digital marketing) underlie these community service activities. The service activities aim to optimize the program for implementing science, technology, and FGA empowerment in Joho Village to discover corn grit production potential and ensure the sustainability of FGA community activities. Therefore, the service team agreed with Joho Village FGA to organize programs: (1) Corn grit and production methods socialization (Zoom meetings and direct discussion); (2) Production equipment introduction (direct discussion); (3) Corn grits production training (hands-on practice method); (4) Entrepreneurship and digital marketing socialization (direct discussion). The questionnaire was selected as a socialization evaluation method. Joho Village FGA has high enthusiasm for activity participation (90% of attendance). The service activities succeeded in increasing corn grit production expertise (86% of yield) and improved the knowledge of corn grits (80% of increased knowledge), entrepreneurship (81.25% of increased knowledge), and digital marketing (70% of increased knowledge) of Joho Village FGA. These achievements indicated corn grit production potential as the forecast of their business opportunities in the future and embarked on the beginning of Joho Village FGA’s empowerment sustainability.
Sensory assessment of Gayo Arabica coffee using various cold brew tools
Authors:   Universitas Syiah Kuala, Fadhil Rahmat , Safrizal Safrizal ,   Universitas Syiah Kuala, Anggraini Sindy ,   Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: May 2024

Currently, there is a rapid increase in the cold brew method for coffee, favored by connoisseurs, especially Arabica coffee. This technique uses room temperature water, usually between 4–25°C, and is carried out through the stage of immersing coffee grounds with a coarse grind size in water at an extraction time of 8–24 hours. Therefore, this research aims to conduct a sensory assessment of Gayo Arabica coffee with a cold brew approach to a product with the best taste through a decision-making system using the Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting (FSAW) method. A total of 5 samples of Gayo Arabica coffee were postharvest processed using the Honey method, which was brewed with various cold brew tools such as Asobu, French Press, Tygo Breeze, Toddy, and Eva Solo. The results showed that the level of product acceptance was different for each alternative product based on various cold brewing tools. The highest ratings of various cold drink alternatives were Asobu 0.974 (rank 1), Toddy 0.913 (rank 2), TygoBreeze 0.872 (rank 3), French Press 0.847 (rank 4), and Eva Solo 0.784 (rank 5). This showed that the FSAW method can easily be used to determine the best alternative for each Gayo Arabica coffee brewing with various cold brew tools.
Phased combined development of gold ore deposits
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, Golik Vladimir
Published: May 2024

Introduction. It is noted that in the Russian gold mining industry, the profitability of gold production is associated with the development of technologies for leaching it from substandard ores and enrichment waste. It is shown that the priority aspect of the development of substandard raw materials is to increase the yield of more gold with acceptable additional investments, predicted based on the analysis of the production function in the models of economic growth of enterprises. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of increasing the completeness of subsurface use during the phased development of reserves with a combination of chemical and mechanical extraction processes. Methods of achieving the goal include the use of literary and patent sources, production experience, laboratory and field experiments, modeling and technical and economic calculations. Results. The relevance of the development of a new raw material base is shown by the example of the reserves of the Sadonsky poly-metallic deposit. The information on the operations of hydrometallurgical and heap leaching of gold with bringing to the final product is detailed. An algorithm is proposed for the selection of options for the development of gold bulls. A model is presented to calculate the efficiency of phased field development over time. An optimized scheme of heap leaching of gold and indicators of gold extraction are presented. The scheme of electrochemical leaching of gold from sulfur-containing ores is recommended. The factors of the impact of mining on the environment at three stages of development are systematized. A model is presented for determining the efficiency of utilization of enrichment tailings and profits from the extraction of gold from enrichment tailings and metallurgy, taking into account environmental damage. The results of calculating the efficiency of gold extraction at the factory and leaching in blocks and cubes are presented. It is shown that the end-to-end metal recovery coefficient by leaching is comparable to the traditional technology of processing balance reserves. It is proved that when combining technologies at the stages of field development, a larger amount of metal is extracted from the subsurface. Conclusion: with a small increase in infrastructure modernization costs, combining traditional technology and leaching technologies, more metal is extracted from the subsurface.
Detection and tracking of barchan dunes using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Cúñez Esteban , Franklin Erick
Published: May 2024

Barchans are crescent-shape dunes ubiquitous on Earth and other celestial bodies, which are organized in barchan fields where they interact with each other. Over the last decades, satellite images have been largely employed to detect barchans on Earth and on the surface of Mars, with AI (Artificial Intelligence) becoming an important tool for monitoring those bedforms. However, automatic detection reported in previous works is limited to isolated dunes and does not identify successfully groups of interacting barchans. In this paper, we inquire into the automatic detection and tracking of barchans by carrying out experiments and exploring the acquired images using AI. After training a neural network with images from controlled experiments where complex interactions took place between dunes, we did the same for satellite images from Earth and Mars. We show, for the first time, that a neural network trained properly can identify and track barchans interacting with each other in different environments, using different image types (contrasts, colors, points of view, resolutions, etc.), with confidence scores (accuracy) above 70%. Our results represent a step further for automatically monitoring barchans, with important applications for human activities on Earth, Mars and other celestial bodies.
Enhancing nitrogen removal in combined sewage overflows by using bio-fluidized bed with ceramic waste powder carriers: effects and mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Zian , Zheng Xinyuan , Hua Yinghao , Guo Meixin , Sun Xiaoting , Huang Yan , Dong Liming , Yu Suping
Published: May 2024

Micron-size ceramic waste powder (<75 μm and 75–150 μm) was used as the carrier in a high concentration powder carrier bio-fluidized bed (HPB) to treat simulated overflow sewage. The sludge extracellular polymers (EPS), electron transfer capacity of EPS, nitrogen removal pathways, and microbiological characteristics were analyzed to gain insights into the nitrogen removal pathways and mechanisms. The results showed that only the effluent from the HPB (<75 μm) could meet the stringent pollutant discharge standards in China of 50 mg/L for CODCr and 15 mg/L for total nitrogen from beginning to end. Meanwhile, the electrochemical performance tests indicated that the electron accepting and donating capacities of the sludge EPS in the HPB (<75 μm) were 42.75% and 32.73% higher than those in the conventional activated sludge, meaning that ceramic powder carriers can increase the extracellular electron transfer capacity of the sludge and accelerate the denitrification process. Also, metagenomics analysis results showed that the relative abundances of the denitrification-related Nor genes were 28%–39% higher in the HPB (<75 μm) and HPB (75–150 μm) than in the conventional activated sludge (CAS). These results show that ceramic waste powders have the potential to be used as carriers in HPB systems to treat overflow sewage.
Seasonal host shifts based on midgut residues of Protaetia brevitarsis
Authors: Wu Hui , Cui Zhuangzhi , Huang Xiaoqing , Kong Fanfang , Wang Zhongyue , Cui Haizhen , Liu Yongqiang
Published: May 2024

White-spotted flower chafer adult (Protaetia brevitarsis), a serious omnivorous pest in regions with multiple fruits and crops, to gain a deeper understanding of its harmful patterns, we used DNA molecular tracking technology to identify host plant residues in the midgut of adult and determined their preferred plant species during the growing season. The combined results for 2019 and 2021 show that adults fed on 32 plant species among 23 families in multi-cropped regions, with a preference for grapes (Vitis vinifera; 40%), peach (Prunus perisica; 23%), and mulberry (Morus alba; 14%). Some adults fed on multiple plant hosts, with four species detected in one adult and two to three species detected in one-third of adults. Adults shifted among host species during the season, from mulberry or grape to peach and then back to grape. These results provide a scientific basis for in-depth research to develop green integrated control technologies against P. brevitarsis adults.
A novel HPNVD descriptor for 3D local surface description
Authors: Sa Jiming , Zhang Xuecheng , Zhang Chi , Song Yuyan , Ding Liwei , Huang Yechen
Published: May 2024

Existing methods for 3D local feature description often struggle to achieve a good balance in distinctiveness, robustness, and computational efficiency. To address this challenge, a novel 3D local feature descriptor named Histograms of Projected Normal Vector Distribution (HPNVD) is proposed. The HPNVD descriptor consists of two main components. First, a Local Reference Frame (LRF) is constructed based on the covariance matrix and neighborhood projection to achieve invariance to rigid transformations. Then, the local surface normals are projected onto three coordinate planes within the LRF, which allows for effective encoding of the local shape information. The projection plane is further divided into multiple regions, and a histogram is computed for each plane to generate the final HPNVD descriptor. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed HPNVD descriptor achieves a good balance among distinctiveness, robustness, and computational efficiency. Moreover, the HPNVD-based point cloud registration algorithm shows excellent performance, further validating the effectiveness of the descriptor.
Multi-state Chiral Switching Through Adiabaticity Control in Encircling Exceptional Points
Authors: Chen Lin , Li Aodong , Wang Jian , Alu Andrea
Published: May 2024

Dynamic encircling of exceptional points has attracted significant interest in recent years, as it can facilitate chiral transmission selectivity due to a nontrivial eigenstate evolution. Recently, multi-state systems have been explored, associated with more complex topologies supporting a larger number of exceptional points, but chiral switching among multiple eigenstates has remained elusive in experiments. Here, we overcome this challenge by dividing the eigenstate space into multiple subspaces by controlling the adiabaticity. The eigenstates in different subspaces can evolve without crosstalk, and chiral switching occurs as the eigenstates within each subspace are subject to a non-adiabatic transition while they encircle exceptional points. We experimentally demonstrate this phenomenon by reporting chiral switching for two groups of optical modes at telecom wavelengths in a four-state optical system, and theoretically demonstrate that our approach can be extended to higher-order systems. Our findings pave new avenues for studying chiral dynamics based on exceptional-point physics in multi-state systems, and offer opportunities to develop multiplexed photonic devices.
Identification of SCAF1, a hub gene affecting VEGF in LIHC, and speculation on its potential therapeutic small molecule based on network pharmacology and transcriptomics
Authors: Yu Zichuan , Zheng Hao , Tang Shengwei , Zhou Xuanrui , Zhou Minqin , Geng Xitong , Zhu Yanting , Huang Shuhan , Gong Yiyang , Jiang Yike , Chen Gen , guo liangyun
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is a highly vascularized entity closely associated with immune functions, characterized by high incidence, elusive early detection, high malignancy, and poor prognosis. SCAF1 participates in the immune regulation mechanisms of various cancers (gliomas, breast cancer, etc.) and is involved in regulating the level of gene transcription. Nevertheless, there is currently no research focusing on the multiple mechanisms of SCAF1 in LIHC, including angiogenesis promotion and immunomodulation.Materials and Methods: In this study, we obtained TCGA data and utilized Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to explore hub genes, followed by evaluating the prognostic and clinical significance of SCAF1. Functional identification of SCAF1 in LIHC was performed through enrichment analysis. Subsequently, the immune therapeutic effects of SCAF1 were explored using TIMER and TISIDB. Spatial transcriptomics and single-cell sequencing analysis based on GEO data were conducted to assess heterogeneity tissue within the tumor microenvironment. Finally, molecular docking predictions were performed using Perl to evaluate pharmacological effects.Results: We identified a significant upregulation of SCAF1 in LIHC, and its overexpression may lead to decreased patient survival rates, enhanced levels of angiogenesis, invasion, and migration capabilities in LIHC. Chemokine analysis results demonstrated that the up-regulation of SCAF1 expression could inhibit the expression of cell factors such as CCL19. Experimental results demonstrated that genistein could downregulate SCAF1 and VEGFA in LIHC and inhibit cell invasion and migration levels.Conclusion: SCAF1 can influence angiogenesis in LIHC and affect tumor progression and therapeutic outcomes in LIHC patients through angiogenesis regulation.
A Lyapunov-based Solution for Precise Auto-landing of UAVs on Mobile Platforms
Authors: Kumar Darmesh , Raj Jai , Raghuwaiya Krishna , Vanualailai Jito
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we present an autonomous system for landing point-mass robots on car-like mobile landing platforms in 3-dimensional space using Lyapunov-based control scheme (LbCS). Herein, we have designed the nonlinear, time-invariant acceleration-based control algorithm for the Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), which was extracted using the LbCS. Fixed and moving obstacles were included in the dynamic environment under consideration, which the point-mass robots and the mobile landing platforms avoided while in motion to their respective targets. The control laws take into consideration cylindrical obstacles that mimic buildings in a city-like environment. In addition, the Minimum Distance Technique (MDT) has been used to derive the mathematical functions related to cylindrical obstacles and their successful avoidance. To demonstrate the stability of the dynamic model, the direct Lyapunov approach is utilized. Computer simulations of real-world situations were used to demonstrate the effectiveness, robustness, and advantages of the control scheme. Future work will involve experimentally evaluating this strategy on an actual prototype.
Clinical significance of transjugular liver biopsy in acute liver failure – a real-world analysis
Authors: Nalbant Bahar , Pape Thorben , Schneider Andrea , Seeliger Benjamin , Schirmer Paul , Heidrich Benjamin , Taubert Richard , Wedemeyer Heiner , Lenzen Henrike , Klaus Klaus
Published: May 2024

Background
Histopathological characterization obtained by transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) may theoretically contribute to clarification of the exact aetiology of acute liver failure (ALF). It's unclear whether the histopathological information from TJLB, due to the small specimen size, significantly contributes to diagnosing ALF causes, guiding therapy decisions, or predicting overall prognosis. This retrospective study aimed to analyse safety and clinical significance of TJLB in patients with ALF.
Methods
This retrospective, monocentric study investigated safety and efficacy of TJLB in patients with ALF over a ten-year period at a tertiary care transplant-center. The predictive value of various clinical and laboratory characteristics as well as histopathological findings obtained by TJLB on 28-day liver-transplant-free survival were evaluated by calculating uni- and multivariate Cox-proportional hazard regression models. Additional univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the influence of degree of intrahepatic necrosis on the secondary endpoints intensive-care-unit (ICU) admission, need for endotracheal intubation, renal replacement therapy and high-urgency listing for LTX.
Results
A total of 43 patients with ALF receiving TJLB were included into the study. In most cases (n=39/43 cases) TJLB confirmed the initially already clinically presumed ALF aetiology and the therapeutic approach was unchanged by additional histological examination in the majority of patients (36/43 cases). However, in patients with a high suspicion for aetiologies potentially treatable by medical immunosuppression (e.g. AIH, GvHD), TJLB significantly influenced further treatment planning and/or adjustment. While the degree of intrahepatic necrosis showed significance in the univariate analysis (p=0.04), it did not demonstrate a significant predictive effect on liver transplant-free survival in the multivariate analysis (p=0.1). Only consecutive ICU admission was more likely with higher extent of intrahepatic necrosis (Odds ratio (OR) 1.04 (95% CI 1-1.08), p=0.046).
Conclusions
The results of this study question the general need for TJLB in patients with ALF without a presumed aetiology potentially treatable by medical immunosuppression, as the therapeutic approach was regularly not changed in these patients and outcome prediction was not superior to clinical reasoning alone. Future prospective studies need to clarify the role of TJLB in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of ALF.
Enhancing Shielding Efficiency of Ordinary and Barite Concrete in Radiation Shielding Utilizations
Authors: Ahmad Nasuha , Idris Mohd Idzat , Hussin Azimah , Karim Julia Abdul , Masenwat Norazreen , Zainon Rafidah
Published: May 2024

Concrete has been used as a radiation shielding material due to its properties and integrity. Radiation shielding materials play a crucial role in various applications, ranging from nuclear power plants to medical facilities. Despite the prevalent use of concrete as a radiation-shielding material, uncertainties persist regarding the most suitable concrete grades for optimal attenuation, emphasizing the necessity for systematic investigation. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of ordinary and barite concrete as radiation shielding materials across different grades: M15, M25, M35, and M45. Ordinary concrete (OC), composed of cement, water, and limestone as aggregates, is compared with barite concrete (BC), where barite is added as an aggregate substitute to enhance radiation attenuation properties. An assessment is conducted on the physical attributes and gamma-ray attenuation characteristics of these concrete mixtures after exposure to Cobalt-60 and Caesium-137 radioactive elements. Key properties, including density, compressive strength, linear attenuation coefficient (µ), mass attenuation coefficient (µm), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), radiation protection efficiency (RPE), mean free path (MFP), radiation efficiency, and lead equivalent, were examined. The concrete is irradiated in a thermal column for 24, 48, and 72 hours to assess changes in crystalline size and lattice parameters following neutron exposure. The addition of barite as an aggregate substitute enhances the density, with the density of OC ranging from 2.1 g/cm3 to 2.39 g/cm3, accompanied by compression strength ranging from 20 MPa to 44 MPa. In contrast, barite concrete (BC) has a density ranging from 3.07 g/cm3 to 3.55 g/cm3, with compression strength ranging from 18.15 MPa to 39.71 MPa. Irradiation with Cobalt-60 reveals lower linear attenuation (µ) within the range of 0.172 to 0.195 cm− 1, with consistent mass attenuation for all grades at 0.81 cm2/g. The HVL ranges from 3.559 cm to 4.020 cm, with a corresponding TVL spanning 11.825 cm to 13.354 cm. XRD testing reveals a shift in the SiO2 and BaSO4 peaks towards the right after irradiation, indicating crystalline expansion in size, with the most significant changes observed after 24 hours of irradiation. Concerning lattice parameters, the d-value (inter-atomic spacing) shows the most significant decrease of 0.10 after 48 hours of irradiation in grade 25, while the most notable increase is 0.02 after 24 hours of irradiation in grades 15 and 45. The experiment suggests that ordinary concrete is effective for radiation shielding against 137Cs but lacks sufficient efficacy against 137Co.
Design and Development of Automated Ultraviolet (UV-C) Based Surface Sterilizer and Disinfection Device for Multipurpose Application, From Prototype to Commercialization
Authors: Belay Esubalew , Foge Habtamu Aba , Sisay Samuel , Ahmed Fayid , Alemu Bikila
Published: May 2024

The global emergence of COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, which became the cause for the loss of millions of lives, innovation of new technologies for sterilization and disinfection of different healthcare utilities became a concern of researchers and industries. Steam sterilization technology is widely used both in developing and industrialized countries. However, various healthcare utilities such as hospital rooms, N-95 masks, the interior part of Ambulances, different sensitive clothes, patient beds & classrooms, medical equipment, and many more cannot undergo disinfection by using steam autoclaves. During the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the main challenges was less availability of technology and resources to disinfect different medical equipment and COVID-19 treatment areas in Ethiopia and other developing countries at large. This paper explores design and development of automated ultraviolet (UV-C) based surface sterilizers and disinfection devices for different applications in healthcare settings. Its affordability, portability, multifunctionality, disinfection quality, essentiality of its use during the pandemic (COVID-19), and smart design approach are among the basic design criteria. A team of researchers from Jimma University and Simbona Africa Healthcare R&D designed a UV-C machine with three models during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two models are quadrilateral in shape, one is bigger and the other is smaller. The bigger one contains 12 UV-C lamps arranged on a circular surface of a hexagonal metal sheet (3 x 4 series-parallel arrangement) whereas the small model contains four UV-C lamps. The third model is a rectangular box size for sterilizing N-95 mask and other smaller tools. Each model provides a different disinfection service. We used AutoCAD 2018 to design the entire mechanical parts of the device and electrical component assembly. Finally, we successfully developed the UV-C machine locally from conceptual design to commercial product in Ethiopia. A team of microbiology experts at Jimma University Medical Center conducted testing and validation of the UV-C machine and achieved more than 90% effectiveness in disinfection quality.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1048c affects the biological characteristics of recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Li Dan-Ni , Liu Xin-Yue , Xu Jin-Biao , Shi Kun , Li Jian-Ming , Diao Nai-Chao , Zong Ying , Zeng Fan-Li , Du Rui
Published: May 2024

Tuberculosis is a serious, infectious, zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infections are transmitted in humans and livestock via aerosols. Rv1048c is a hypothetical unknown protein in the standard strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Rv1048c exists only in pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is highly conserved; however its function is still unclear. The recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis strain Ms_Rv1048c, with heterologous expression of the Rv1048c gene, was constructed by using the pMV261 expression plasmid. The biological characteristics of the recombinant bacteria were studied, such as their growth pattern, drug resistance, and virulence. Expression of Rv1048c significantly reduced the growth rate of the strain, enhanced its ability to form a biofilm, and reduced its tolerance to sodium dodecyl sulfate, H2O2, and various anti-tuberculosis drugs, and reduced the viability of infected RAW264.7 macrophages. Rv1048c also significantly reduced the level of early proinflammatory factors in infected RAW264.7 cells. Rv1048c protein is considered to be a virulence protein that might regulate the growth of M. tuberculosis strains. The results of the present study indicate that Rv1048c plays an important role in Mycobacterial infection.
Preparation and characterisation of microcapsules loaded with essential oils (eucalyptus, aloe vera and lavender): encapsulation of cotton woven fabric and evaluation
Authors: U Rimika , A Selvakumar
Published: May 2024

Microcapsules are prepared by taking essential oils (EO) as core and gum Arabic as cover materials through a complex coacervation method. There are three essential oils are selected based on the presence of a major proportion of bacterial inhibition compounds. The sourced essential oils are derived from the identified plant species such as eucalyptus globulus, aloe barbadensis mill, and lavandula angustifolia. The proportion of the major bacterial inhibiting elements is as follows, eucalyptol (52%) from eucalyptus, linoelaidic acid (17%) from aloe vera, and linalool (35%) from lavender. Three levels of concentration of oils are preferred to identify the best bacterial inhibition. The design of the experiment is made based on box & behnken design for preparing microcapsules. The microstructure and elemental compounds of the capsules are confirmed and observed through an optical microscope and scanning electronic microscope(SEM) with EDX. The average capsule size of 2 to 7 microns was recorded by employing a particle size analyser. The encapsulation efficiency was obtained to 43%. Then, the microcapsules are applied on the cotton woven fabric and evaluated for antibacterial, antioxidant, thermos gravimetric analysis (TGA), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red Analysis, SEM, and EDX. It was observed that the antibacterial and antioxidant properties are significantly improved with the encapsulated fabric sample. So it may be applied for designing the capsule with drug and may develop medical textile products for hygiene.
Effect of simulated microgravity on artificial single cell membrane mechanics
Authors: G Asuwin Prabu R , Manohar Anagha , S Narendran , Kabir Anisha , Sudhakar Swathi
Published: May 2024

The study of cell membrane structures under microgravity is crucial for understanding the inherent physiological and adaptive mechanisms relevant to overcoming challenges in human space travel and gaining deeper insight into the membrane-protein interactions at reduced gravity. However, the membrane dynamics under microgravity conditions have not unraveled yet. Moreover, the complexity of cells poses significant challenges when investigating the effects of microgravity on individual components, including cell membranes. Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) serve as valuable cell-mimicking models and act as artificial cells, providing insights into the biophysics of membrane architecture. Herein, we have elucidated the membrane dynamics of artificial cells under simulated microgravity conditions. GUVs were synthesized in the size range of 20 ± 2.1 µm and examined their morphological changes under simulated microgravity conditions using a random positioning machine. We observed that the well-defined spherical GUVs were transfigured and deformed into elongated structures under microgravity conditions. The membrane fluidity of GUVs increased sevenfold under microgravity conditions compared to GUVs under normal gravity conditions at 48 h. It is also noted that there is a reduction in the membrane microviscosity. The study shed light on the membrane mechanics under microgravity conditions and contributes valuable insights to the broader understanding of membrane responses to microgravity and its implications for space exploration and biomedical applications.
Amanita species within section Caesareae from the highlands of Laos
Authors: Pedersen Ole Sparre , Læssøe Thomas
Published: May 2024

Specimens of Amanita sect. Caesareae, collected in Xieng Khouang and Vientiane provinces in Laos from highland forests dominated by members of Fagaceae and Pinaceae, are studied based on morphological characters and analyses of ITS sequences. Two species, namely A. fulvocaesarea and A. chepangianoides are reported as new, both found in association with Fagaceae, whereas A. pseudoprinceps and A. subhemibapha, recently described from China and A. rubromarginata from Japan, are confirmed from Laos and found in forests with Fagaceae and Pinaceae. The phylogenetic analyses to recognize the Amanita species showed that the golden-brown to greyish orange A. fulvocaesarea and the dominantly white A. chepangianoides cluster with A. aporema, A. chepangiana, A. egregia, A. princeps and A. pseudoprinceps. A dichotomous key to identified and likely occurring Amanita species in Laos within sect. Caesareae is also provided.
Race/ethnicity-specific association between the American Heart Association's new Life's Essential 8 and stroke in US adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: evidence from NHANES 2005-2018
Authors: Xu Nuo , Lu Xiaowen , Luo Cheng , Chen Junchen
Published: May 2024

Background
The Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is a recently introduced assessment of cardiovascular health (CVH) by the American Heart Association (AHA). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease and is associated with an increased risk of stroke. We aimed to explore the association of LE8 with stroke in NAFLD using a national cross-sectional study.
Methods
Eligible participants with NAFLD aged 20–85 years in NHANES 2005–2018 were included. LE8 was assessed according to AHA criteria and categorized into metabolic and behavioral factors. US Fatty Liver Index (USFLI) ≥ 30 and exclusion of other chronic liver diseases suggested NAFLD. Stroke was diagnosed according to self-report on standardized questionnaires.
Results
After adjusting for all confounders, each point increase in LE8, LE8 metabolic factors, and LE8 behavioral factors was associated with a 4.4%, 1.8%, and 2.5% reduction in stroke prevalence in NAFLD, respectively. Both moderate and high CVH assessed by LE8 and LE8 behavioral factors were associated with reduced odds of stroke compared with low CVH. Stroke prevalence declined progressively with increasing number of ideal LE8 components, with the lowest odds of stroke at 3 + ideal LE8 components for both LE8 metabolic and behavioral factors. Restricted cubic spline suggested dose-response associations. Race/ethnicity was a significant effect modifier, and this association was present only among non-Hispanic white population and other Hispanic population. FLI as a diagnostic indicator of NAFLD yielded generally consistent results.
Conclusions
Higher LE8 score, especially LE8 behavioral factors, was associated with reduced prevalence of stroke in NAFLD, especially among non-Hispanic white population and other Hispanic population. The odds of stroke declined progressively with increased ideal LE8 component number. These findings underscore the preventive value of adherence to high CVH for stroke prevention in NAFLD.
Identification and Expression Profiling of the bZIP Gene Family Throughout the Genome in Phoebe bournei under Abiotic Stress
Authors: Bakari Almas , Guan Hengfeng , Liu Qinghua , He Chenyue , Li Jingshu , Tong Zaikang , Zhang Junhong , Wang Li , Yue Jingjing , Cao Shijiang
Published: May 2024

The bZIPgene family plays a crucial role in supporting plant life as one of the most important transcription factors. Its involvement in various processes such as light signaling, seed maturation, flower development, and cell elongation has been established, but limited to perennial and agricultural crops. This study focused on the classification of 71 bZIP genes across 12 chromosomes based on their evolutionary relationships. Each group exhibited distinct gene structures and variations in the number of conserved motifs. The presence of multiple cis-acting elements suggested that the PbbZIP gene family played a vital role in hormonal and regulatory signaling, which were essential for plant growth, development, and resilience against abiotic stress. RNA and qPCR analysis revealed expression levels of PbbZIP32, PbbZIP14, PbbZIP26, PbbZIP67, and PbbZIP69 under salt, drought, and temperature stress conditions. This research contributed to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing stress resistance, growth, and development processes mediated by the bZIP gene family. It also can serve as a foundation for future investigations on the bZIPgene family in forestry species.
Comparison of 19-gauge aspiration needles with 20-gauge forward-bevel needles for the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis: a prospective randomized, controlled study
Authors: Shi Wen , Chang Xiaoyan , Zhang Shengyu , Jiang Qingwei , Guo Tao , Wang Qiang , Wu Dongsheng , Wu Xi , Wu Yanyan , Feng Yunlu , Yang Aiming
Published: May 2024

Background
The diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is multidisciplinary, with the histopathological diagnosis providing crucial information for distinguishing AIP from malignancies. Here we compared the diagnostic performance and sample adequacy of 19-gauge endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) needles with 20-gauge endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) needles in patients with suspected AIP.
Methods
Patients with suspected AIP were enrolled between October 2018 and August 2020 into a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled study conducted at a tertiary medical center in Beijing. Participants were randomly assigned to undergo tissue specimen collection using either a 19-gauge EUS-FNA needle or a 20-gauge EUS-FNB needle. The primary endpoint was the sensitivity of the two needle types for diagnosing AIP, with secondary endpoints including diagnostic sufficiency of tissue obtained, technical success rate, adverse event rate, and contribution of histologic findings to the AIP diagnosis according to International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria.
Results
Forty-five patients were enrolled. There was no significant difference in diagnostic efficacy between the 19-gauge FNA needle and the 20-gauge forward-beveled FNB needle for AIP. Both needle types showed similar sensitivity and overall accuracy in diagnosing benign disease, including AIP. The median tissue length was comparable between the two groups, and there was no significant difference in adverse events.
Conclusions
There is no difference in diagnostic efficacy or core tissue acquisition between 19-gauge FNA and 20-gauge forward-beveled FNB needles for patients with AIP. The 19-gauge FNA needle may serve as an alternative in centers where FNB needles are not available.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03753815
The Effect of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on Recovery After Aerobic Exercise
Authors: YILMAZ Esin , AKTOP Abdurrahman , ABDİOĞLU Aylin , MELEKOĞLU Tuba , NALBANT Mert
Published: May 2024

Recovery is a critical factor in athletic performance, and accelerating this process is essential to enable athletes to perform more effectively in both training load and competitive performance. After exercise, immediate recovery is potentially helpful for investigating autonomic activity levels, as they are definable with heart rate variability (HRV). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ten sessions of HRV-Biofeedback (HRV-BF) training on recovery process parameters after the aerobic performance. In this study, twenty-four soccer players aged 18–24 volunteered to participate. The athletes who met the research criteria were divided into an experimental group (n = 12) and a control group (n = 12). Each participant’s height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and aerobic capacity were measured before and after the 10-session intervention. The experimental group participated in a 10-session HRV-BF training and soccer training program, while the control group only participated in a 10-session soccer training program. Aerobic capacity tests were then applied again to experimental and control group participants. The effect of biofeedback on the three HRV parameters during the 5-minute acute recovery period after the test was investigated. The results showed that regularly applied HRV-BF training can significantly shorten the HRV recovery parameter after exercise. Specifically, the athletes who performed HRV-BF training demonstrated faster cardiovascular recovery after aerobic exercise. This suggests that implementing HRV-BF training for athletes can significantly accelerate their recovery processes during and after competitions. Given recent technological advancements, it is promising to consider adding HRV-BF training to stress management interventions, particularly in relation to physiological stress indicators.
Non-surgical treatment of integrated Chinese herbal medicine and Western medicine to cure rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a case report
Authors: Li Feifei , Ding Yanhong , Zhang Xin , Tang Jinfei
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Surgery is the main treatment option for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). However, the choice of the appropriate surgical method and the risk of surgical complications are key challenges. Based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory of "invigorating spleen, invigorating qi and promoting water", we report a patient who treated by a combination of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and Western medicine quickly resolved RRD and improved vision while avoiding the need for invasive surgery.
Methods: A 27-year-old Chinese man with a history of trauma to his right eye was diagnosed with RRD on 3rd Jan 2022. He underwent retinal laser photocoagulation and received oral Chinese medicine for retinal attachment and absorption of sub-retinal fluid (SRF).
Results：A marked decline in SRF along with nearly complete resolution of RRD was observed within a few days after initial therapy.
Conclusion: Our experience with this case suggests that CHM combined with retinal laser photocoagulation may serve as a therapeutic option for RRD, which may be suitable for small retinal detachment with small holes.
Trends of Surface Pressure, Temperature, and Total Precipitable Water
Authors: Liu quanhua (mark) , Grassotti Christopher , Zhou Yan , LEE Yong-Keun , Liu Shuyan , Yang Xun
Published: May 2024

Two total precipitable water (TPW) monthly time series derived from hourly analyses and from 1:30 am and 1:30 pm (local time) analyses, respectively, from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis model version 5 (ERA5) data are practically identical. The TPW is increasing as surface and lower tropospheric temperatures are warming. Surface pressure is rising as well because of increased mass from atmospheric carbon dioxide and TPW above the surface. The close similarity of trends using hourly and twice-daily analyses suggest that using well-calibrated observations from a single sun-synchronous polar orbiting satellite, such as Suomi-NPP Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder measurements, can be sufficient to characterize global trends in climate-sensitive surface temperatures and TPW.
Development and Validation of Narrative Competence Scale for Medical Students
Authors: Chu Shao-Yin , Wang Hung-Che , Kuo Bang-Yuan , Lin Meei-Ju , Chang Yu-Che , Lin Chi-Wei
Published: May 2024

In medical practice, narrative competence is pivotal in enabling physicians to better comprehend their patients' experiences, nurture empathy, and promote person-centered care. However, despite its significance, a standardized tool for evaluating this competence still needs to be developed. This study aimed to address this gap by developing the Narrative Competence Scale (NCS) for medical students. The initial version of the scale consisted of 57 items across four dimensions and eleven sub-dimensions, refined through three rounds of the Delphi method with eleven experts in medical education. The scale was then preliminarily tested with 200 fifth and sixth-year medical students in Taiwan. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis results indicated a fit for the four-factor model, with critical indices such as RMSEA = .055, SRMR = .045, and CFI = .970, among others, emphasizing the model's robust integrity. The scale demonstrated suitable convergent validity (AVE = .497-.698, CR = .798-.902) and discriminant validity, with the square roots of the AVE values surpassing inter-dimensional correlations. High internal consistency was reflected in Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0.797-0.972). In conclusion, the NCS has been established as a reliable and effective tool for assessing narrative competence in medical students, holding immense potential as both a research and educational instrument in narrative medicine for enhancing the application and comprehension of patient narratives in medical education.
Keywords: Medical student, Narrative competence, Narrative medicine, Scale development.
Application of linear impulse momentum theory to the hammering problem
Authors: Gahtani Osama Al
Published: May 2024

For many years, researchers have observed and studied the transient hydraulic problem in pipe flow. The influence of water mass on the valve body during fast closing was evaluated using the mass and momentum principle and shocked wave theory. These two physical principles were used to evaluate the pressure rise caused by closing the valve vastly for orifice flow. According to recent studies, the Joukowsky Equation is a well-known formula that approximates orifice tank systems but is up to three times overvalued for pressured systems with two tanks. This created confusion while using this formula for designing valves in pipe flow. This paper presents a formula for the prediction of the pressure rise resulting from fast valve closure based on the well-known impulse momentum principle, which states that the magnitude and duration of the applied force have an impact on the momentum change of a mass object. The impulse-momentum theory is applied here when the fluid mass in the pipe collides with the valve body as it closes rapidly. To demonstrate the concept, this paper provides examples and an experimental program for validation, which is also confirmed by recent experimental programs used in the literature.
A Study on Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Steel Slag for Sustainable Construction
Authors: Kashyap Rishabh , Saxena Mukul , Gautam Arstu , Mishra Priyanshu , Yadav Shalu , Jaiswal Aman , Rajpoot Avi
Published: May 2024

In recent years, global warming and environmental damage have become pressing concerns. Industries are major contributors to climate change by emitting greenhouse gases (GHGs). Scientists and engineers confront challenges in addressing the depletion of natural resources and maximizing waste management. Research indicates that employing waste materials can help conserve natural resources, minimize pollution, and promote economic growth. In the current age, industrial waste is by far the most significant challenge. Although recycling waste with the help of recycling units is an essential practice, it also presents various economic hurdles. Several studies have been undertaken on the conservation of natural resources, the prevention of environmental contamination, and the economic benefits of using the waste materials. Using industrial waste materials in concrete reduces reliance on natural resources, addresses waste disposal issues, and promotes environmentally friendly practices. An industrial by-product of the steel manufacturing sector is steel slag. It is extremely difficult to break down and takes a very long time to do so. It has the potential to damage the environment and is challenging to decompose. If this product is added to concrete, it can impact both the mechanical and physical properties of the concrete, as well as its durability. Steel slag can be used to partially replace natural coarse aggregate aggregates in concrete in order to effectively solve the problem. In this study, steel slag was used in place of coarse aggregate in varying quantities (0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%). Use M30 grade concrete with a 0.45 water-to-cement ratio. In order to generate six mixes, steel slag was largely substituted for coarse aggregate. The mixes were then examined for mechanical values like compressive strength, workability, and durability features like water absorption, acid attack, and salt attack. The results were thoroughly analysed.