bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil epidemiológico da violência contra crianças e adolescentes: uma análise das notificações compulsórias no Estado da Paraíba
Authors: Lima Álisson Thiago , Sousa Rafaela Pequeno Reis , Clemente Severino Matheus Pedrosa Santos , Viana Murilo Áquila de Oliveira , Porto Érika , Sousa Jossaria Pereira de , Diniz Denise Nóbrega , Massoni Andreza Cristina de Lima Targino
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi traçar o perfil epidemiológico da violência contra crianças e adolescentes no estado da Paraíba. O estudo possuiu caráter descritivo, retrospectivo, quantitativo e documental. Utilizaram-se as informações contidas no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), registradas no estado da Paraíba, entre os anos de 2009 e 2017, envolvendo a faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos e disponíveis no TabNet - Violência Doméstica, Sexual e/ou Outras. As variáveis utilizadas foram: ano do registro, idade e sexo da vítima, tipo de violência perpetrada, local de ocorrência do fato e tipo de vínculo com o agressor. Constatou-se que o sexo e a faixa etária da vítima estiveram associados (p<0,001) com as características da violência. Crianças e adolescentes do sexo feminino estiveram mais suscetíveis à violência sexual (20,1%), quando comparadas ao sexo masculino (2%), sendo o principal agressor o/a (ex)namorado(a) ou (ex)cônjuge (21,6%). Em relação à faixa etária, até os 10 anos de idade, a negligência (75%) foi o tipo de violência mais frequente, tendo como agressores pais e/ou mães (28,4%) na sua própria residência (77,6%). Na faixa etária de 10 a 19 anos, a violência mais comum foi a física (63,6%), em via pública (42,5%), e cometida por amigos (21,9%) ou desconhecidos (37,4%). Concluiu-se que as notificações estiveram associadas ao sexo masculino (54,6%), nas faixas etárias de 15 a 19 (38,3%) e 1 a 4 anos (24,2%), havendo o predomínio da violência física (42,6%), cometida por um desconhecido (32,1%), na residência da vítima (51%).
Transitivity of COVID-19, based on parameters R_0 and R_((t)) in Pombos/PE municipality, Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Denise Stéphanie de Almeida , Lima Filipe Mendonça de , Freitas Jucarlos Rufino de , Nascimento Gabriela Isabel Limoeiro Alves , Alves Dâmocles Aurélio Nascimento da Silva , Gomes Diego Alves , Amaral Lucas Silva do , Santos André Luiz Pinto dos , Silva Júnior Adalberto Francisco da , Cunha Diogo Xavier , Cunha Ana Luíza Xavier , Piscoya Thaísa Oliveira Folha , Araújo Filho Renisson Neponuceno de , Holanda Romildo Morant de , França Manoel Vieira de , Medeiros Raimundo Mainar de , Costa Maria Lindomárcia Leonardo da , Piscoya Victor Casimiro , Cunha Filho Moacyr , Moreira Guilherme Rocha
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a estimativa do número reprodutivo efetivo  da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave desencadeada pelo novo Coronavírus (SARS-Cov-2), no município de Pombos/PE, Brasil, vinculados a datas em 2020. Método: Utilizaram-se dados de número de casos confirmados do SARS-Cov-2, disponibilizado através dos boletins epidemiológicos publicados pela Secretaria de Saúde de Pombos/PE, Brasil. O  determina o potencial de propagação de um vírus sob certas condições. Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que, até 22 de julho de 2020, as medidas preventivas e orientação de saúde não foram suficientes para reduzir a infectividade da doença no município ( > 1), sendo um novo desafio a ser enfrentado por quem atua no combate da COVID-19. Conclusão: Os resultados fornecem avaliações quantitativas ao município de Pombos/PE, Brasil, norteando em medidas de intervenções que podem ser realizadas por outros municípios ao lidar com surtos futuros, novas ondas crescentes.
Conhecimento de pessoas diabéticas como fator preditivo para a adesão do autocuidado e controle glicêmico
Authors: Silva Walesson Inácio dos Santos , Oliveira Vera Lucia Gomes de , Leite Maridalva Ramos , Costa Rafael Everton Assunção Ribeiro da , Carvalho Dayara de Nazaré Rosa de , Aguiar Viviane Ferraz Ferreira de , Costa Isis Maria Martins , Dergan Marcela Raíssa Asevedo , Branco Isabella Barros Castelo , Amorim Mateus Grabowski , Camboim Luiz Fernando Reis , Fortes Marianne Magalhães , Rocha Carlos Eduardo Moura Carvalho , Medeiros Paula Catarina Dalia Rego , Feitosa Nathalya Lima , Nogueira Maicon de Araújo , Sá Antônia Margareth Moita
Published: September 2020

O objetivo foi analisar o conhecimento de pessoas diabéticas e sua associação com a adesão ao autocuidado e controle glicêmico. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Realizou-se entrevistas com aplicação de instrumentos para coleta de dados. Participaram desta pesquisa 52 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de Janeiro a Abril de 2018 em uma organização não governamental da região metropolitana de Belém. Houve prevalência de pacientes do sexo feminino (51,92%), com idade entre 60 e 69 anos (40,38%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (34,60%), não fumantes (100%) e não etilistas (94,4%). Os dados sobre a caracterização clínica, complicações do diabetes, conhecimento sobre a doença e adesão ao autocuidado e controle glicêmico mostraram que o conhecimento dos pacientes se relacionou preditivamente para adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso, porém não foi determinante para adesão ao tratamento não medicamentoso. Os dados levantados contribuem para a reflexão de profissionais da saúde e comunidade científica sobre a importância do conhecimento e instrução no tratamento do diabetes, que se mostraram fatores preditivos para a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso neste estudo.
The lymphatic system in alcohol-associated liver disease
Authors: Kondo Reiichiro , Iwakiri Yasuko
Published: September 2020

The lymphatic system plays vital roles in interstitial fluid balance and immune cell surveillance. The effect of alcohol on the lymphatic system is poorly understood. This review article explores the role of the lymphatic system in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related disease including alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and the therapeutic potential of targeting hepatic lymphatics for the treatment of ALD.
Nonlinear dynamics of creative thinking. Multimodal processes and the interaction of heteroclinic structures
Authors: Rabinovich MI , Varona P
Published: September 2020

The dynamic processes of creative thinking, as confirmed by recent studies using electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), are interactions among three main components: the originality of the author, the author’s autobiographical memory, and the purpose or stimulus of the process. Different stimuli initiate the excitation of different memory components and, accordingly, different neuronal clusters and brain networks. New data make it possible to build a model of the birth and development of creative thinking, i.e., to elaborate a theory of a process that is itself, by definition, indefinitely structured and unpredictable, with the use of a structurally organized mathematical approach—nonlinear dynamics. The following key concept is discussed: the evolution of thought or the essence of other human creative activity is a dynamic process characterized by internal instability leading to the generation of new information. To construct a nonlinear dynamic model of human creativity, the following ideas common to most mental processes are used: (1) a mathematical model should be based on variables representing the evolution of brain elements in their temporal coherence and should have solutions corresponding to meta-stable patterns (blocks of knowledge) in the brain, (2) the model is based on competitive dynamics without a winner, i.e., a nonlinear process of interaction of many information elements or spatio-temporal modes, which guarantees sequential switching between metastable states and, as a result, a certain stability of the dynamics of creativity, (3) the model is an open dissipative system in which inhibition is balanced by excitation; as a result, being close to the boundary of instability, it turns out to be extremely sensitive to information influences.
ESTERÂBÂD’DA SAFEVÎ HÂKİMİYETİNİ TEHDİT EDEN UNSURLAR: SİYAH-PUŞAN VE SAYIN HANÎ TÜRKMENLERİ
Authors: ÇINAR Gülay Karadağ
Published: September 2020

“Siyâh-Puşân” ve “Sayın Hanî” kavramları Safevîli vakanüvislerin Hazar Denizi’nin doğusu ve Mazenderan’ın kuzeyindeki gelişmeleri aktarırken en sık kullandığı terimlerdendir. Bu kavramların Safevî kroniklerine yansıması Şah Tahmasb’ın saltanatının ilk yıllarına tekabül eder. Siyâh-Puşân siyah giyimliler anlamına gelir. Sayın Hanî ise Üst Yurt, Mankışlak, Balhan ve Deşt-i Gürgen (Esterâbâd)’de yaşayan yarı-göçebe Türkmenlerin genel adıdır. Aynı zamanda onlara Yaka Türkmenleri de denir. Her iki grup da 16. ve 17. yüzyıllarda Safevî yönetimine karşı Esterâbâd vilayetinde ortaya çıkan isyanları simgeler. Bu başkaldırıların aslî gerekçesi geçim sıkıntısı, ağır vergiler ve Kızılbaş valilerin sert yönetimidir. Ayrıca yarı-göçebe Türkmenlerin herhangi bir devletin buyruğunu kabul etmeyen halleri, Sünni kimliklerinin Şiî yönetim anlayışıyla tezat oluşturması ve Kızılbaş valilerce aşağılanmaları da isyanı tetiklemiş olmalıdır. Bunlara ilaveten Esterâbad vilayetinin Safevî başkentine uzak olması isyancıları her daim yüreklendirmiştir. Nitekim Hive Hanlığı’nın da desteğiyle isyanlar kimi zaman başarıya ulaşmış ve isyancılar elde ettikleri tavizlerle daha da güçlenmişlerdir. Kimi zaman da başarısız olmuş ve bölgede merkezi otorite yeniden tesis edilmiştir.

Bu çalışma Safevî Devleti’nin ikinci hükümdarı Şah Tahmasb’ın saltanat yıllarında Gürgen/Esterâbâd vilayetinde tezahür eden isyanları ele almaktadır. İsyanların liderleri, taraftarları ve gelişim seyri en ince ayrıntısıyla incelenmiştir. Safevî Devleti ve Hive Hanlığı’nın ana kaynaklarından istifade edilerek veriler karşılaştırılmıştır. Böylece gerçeğe en yakın bilgi ve değerlendirmelerle isyanların her iki devletin ve bölge halkının kaderini nasıl etkilediği izah edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
The effect of steroid dosage in the treatment of Adult-onset Still’s disease: a case report
Authors: Yılmaz Ebru
Published: September 2020

Steroid dozajının yetişkin başlangıçlı Still
hastalığının tedavisinde etkisi: Bir olgu sunumuGiriş: Yetişkin başlangıçlı Still hastalığı (YBSH), yüksek ateş, artralji, artrit, miyalji, somon renginde döküntü ve lökositozun eşlik ettiği, sebebi bilinmeyen nadir görülen sistemik bir hastalıktır. Bununla birlikte, YBSH'nin klinik sunumu heterojendir ve YBSH tanısı konulmadan önce ekarte edilmesi gereken enfeksiyon, neoplazi ve diğer otoimmün hastalıklar dahil olmak üzere ayırıcı tanı spektrumu geniştir. Olgu Sunumu: Bilinen bir hastalık öyküsü olmayan 25 yaşında bir erkek olgu iki gün süren ateş, artralji ve somon pembesi makülopapüler erüpsiyon şikayeti ile başvurdu. Laboratuvar testlerinde özellikle nötrofilik lökositoz, AST ve ALT yüksekliği ve belirgin hiperferritineminin varlığı mevcuttu. Hastanede kaldığı süre boyunca, hasta diğer potansiyel ayırıcı tanılar için değerlendirildi. Kapsamlı bir çalışmanın ardından, hastaya Yamaguchi kriterlerine göre YBSH tanısı kondu. Hastaya hemen iv pulse metilprednizolon (3 gün boyunca 1 gr / gün) ve ardından oral kortikosteroid (4 hafta boyunca 40 mg / gün) ilaç tedavileri başlanıldı. Hasta asemptomatik hale geldiğinde oral steroid dozu yan etkiler göz önüne alınarak azaltıldı (4 mg / p.o. / gün) ve haftada 20 mg / s.c. metotreksat tedavisi başlanıldı. Ancak, hastada ateş ve döküntü şikayetinin tekrar başlaması üzerine steroid dozu tekrar arttırıldı. Sonuç: Her ne kadar metotreksat, hem kronik sistemik semptomları hem de artriti kontrol eden ve steroid dozunu azaltmak için bir steroid koruyucu ajan olarak iyi bilinse de, prednizolonun (özellikle yüksek doz), YBSH'nın tedavisinde önemli bir yere sahip olduğu görülmektedir.
CLINICAL COURSE OF A DEATH FROM RANOLAZINE OVERDOSE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Yavuz Mehmet Ali , Asoglu Ramazan
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Ranolazine is a new medication for angina
pectoris. It is usually used for refractory angina pectoris. Ranolazine
overdose may cause some serious effects on heart like other cardiac medications.

Case Report: We report the case of a 21-year-old girl
was brought to the emergency department because of an attempt to commit suicide
with a large number of Ranolazine tablets. She went into the coma and was
unresponsive to verbal and painful stimuli after two hours of admission. There
was no pathological findings on brain computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI). The QT interval was 420 msec and more extended than
previous measurements. The patient had three episodes of polymorphic
nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT). Despite the amiodarone treatment,
the NSVT evolved to polymorphic sustained ventricular tachycardia (Torsade de
Pointes; TdP) and Ventricular fibrillation (VF). The patient underwent CPR and
accepted as death end of the resuscitation due to asystole on the ECG.

Conclusion: Ranolazine overdose is known that may cause
some serious ECG changes and seizures. But suddenly entering a coma and death
has never been reported with ranolazine intoxication in literature.
Successful Computed Tomography-guided Pericardiocentesis after Performing a Failed Conventional Transthoracic Echocardiography-guided Approach: A Case Report
Authors: Hongo Takashi , Sugiyama Hiroki , Naito Hiromichi , Nakao Atsunori
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Computed tomography-guided pericardiocentesis has
been shown to be technically feasible and safe for treating pericardial
effusion. However, no recommendations for computed tomography-guided
pericardiocentesis have been made and standardized among the established
guidelines by the European Society of Cardiology or the Japanese Circulation
Society. We report on a case of successful computed tomography-guided
pericardiocentesis after performing a failed conventional transthoracic
echocardiography-guided approach in a patient with cardiac tamponade.Case Report: A 71-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with
progressive chest discomfort and cardiac tamponade. Transthoracic
echocardiography-guided pericardiocentesis was primarily performed on the
patient; however, the quality of the transthoracic echocardiography images was
inadequate to guide the procedure, resulting in procedure-related pericardial
injury. When cardiac tamponade recurred, a computed tomography-guided approach
successfully treated the patient, with the success owed to precise intraoperative
visualization of the needle and organs.Conclusion: Our case suggests that computed tomography guidance
is safe and useful in pericardiocentesis, especially for patients who are
ineligible to undergo an echo-guided approach.
Spontaneous Spleen Rupture and Apixaban
Authors: Yıldırım Birdal , Acar Ethem , Demir Ahmet , Gökçek Kemal , Aksakal Ahmet , Başaran Özcan
Published: September 2020

Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are now widely used. Spontaneous splenic rupture (SLR) is a rare condition. It is life-threatening, especially if not immediately recognized. Previous studies have shown an association between NOAC use and SLR. We report a case of a 53-year-old female patient who responded to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after SLR. The patient, who had an external cardiac device for heart failure 13 months ago was admitted to our emergency department. She was unconscious, pale, hypotensive and had tachycardia. Free fluid was detected in the peritoneum by bedside ultrasonography. The patient was resuscitated for 20 minutes after arrest during the follow-up period. She was stabilized and computed tomography showed a large subcapsular splenic hematoma with active extravasation around the spleen, but persistent low urine output developed with hypotension despite resuscitation. She was taken to the operating room for splenectomy and abdominal washing. She was then recovered and discharged 17 days later. We wanted to draw attention to a patient with SLR due to NOACs. Rapid diagnosis and aggressive early resuscitation are critical in the management of NOAC associated SLR.
A Rare Cause of Acute Abdomen in Emergency Room: Isolated Superior Mesenteric Artery Dissection
Authors: Güler Özlem , Bozan Mehmet Bugra , Nida Seda , Güngör Enes Ömer
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (ISMAD) has severe and sudden-onset abdominal pain with little physical examination findings. Misdiagnosis of ISMAD is seen commonly in clinical practice, which may lead to severe intestinal ischemic necrosis or even death. Here, we present a patient with abdominal pain and diagnosed as ISMAD.
Case Report: A 46-year-old male was admitted to the emergency department with sudden onset abdominal pain and constipation. He had hypertension and asthma in his history. There was epigastric tenderness in his physical examination. Laboratory tests revealed no pathological findings except high white blood cell count. His complaints did not alleviate despite medical treatment and contrast enhanced abdominal computed tomography was kperformed. The patient was diagnosed as ISMAD and underwent emergency surgery. The patient developed widespread bowel ischemic necrosis and exitus occurred.
Conclusion: Emergency physicians should be aware of ISMAD and include this in differential diagnoses, especially in patients with acute onset of abdominal pain.
Hubungan Gaya Belajar dengan Indeks Prestasi Semester Mahasiswa Prodi DIV Jurusan Kebidanan di Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu
Authors: Maineny Arie
Published: September 2020

Every student has a different way of understanding and obtaning information. These differences can be influenced by learning styles. The calculation results based on the Grade Point Avarage (GPA) of the third-grade DIV Midwifery students showed that the GPA in each semester fluctuate, and the result of interviews most students used the method of learning with the rote system. This study was intended to know the correlation between learning styles with the GPA of the students. This study used an analytical survey method with a cross-sectional approach a stratified random sampling technique with 42 respondents, data analysis were done in univariate and bivariate using chi-square test. The results of the statistical test shows  that the correlation between learning styles with the GPA was p-value 0,459. The most used learning style by respondents was auditory. The GPA category most owned by respondents was GPA ranges between 2,75 – 3,50 which was equal to 90,5%. The conclusion is that there was no correlation between of learning styles with GPA.
Pengaruh Pijat Bayi terhadap Peningkatan Berat Badan
Authors: Fitriyanti Yuyuk Eva , Arsyard Gusman , Sumiaty Sumiaty
Published: September 2020

Indicator of child growth is weight. At the age of 1-3 months is a period of rapid growth, so it is necessary to maintain a baby's weight according to age. Touch therapy or massage is one of technique that combines the physical benefits of human touch with emotional benefits such as bounding and increasing weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of infant massage on weight gain in infants aged 1-3 months in the work area of the Sangurara Health Center in Palu. This type of research was a Quasi-experimental design with pretest and Posttest control group design. The sample in this study was 30 months old infants as many as 30 infants with sampling technique consecutive sampling. Data analysis used test Chi-square with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). The results show that babies who were massaged had more weight gain, which was 24.07%, while babies who were not massaged had a weight gain of 18.28%. This is evidenced by the value of p value: 0.03 (p.value≤0.05). In conclusion, there was the effect of Baby Massage on Increased Body Weight. Suggestions for researchers for health workers to socialize and suggest baby massage to reduce the case of BGM weight (Under the Red Line) in infants.
Localized Institutional Actors and Smallholder Irrigation Scheme Performance in Limpopo Province of South Africa
Authors: Mwadzingeni Liboster , Mugandani Raymond , Mafongoya Paramu
Published: September 2020

Poor performance bedeviling SISs in South Africa is attributed to poor institutional integration, consequently impacting service delivery. Despite this, local institutional actors (LIAs)’ role has not been documented as a potential entry point to address poor performance and hence increase SISs’ sustainability. This study sought to assess the role of LIAs on the performance of the Tshiombo irrigation scheme (TIS). Structured questionnaires, key informant interviews (KIIs), and focus group discussions (FDGs) were used for data collection. Yield data for sweet potato, the main crop grown in the scheme, was measured as a proxy indicator for performance. Ordinary least square regression model was used to assess the relationship between LIAs and scheme performance after reducing the data using principal component analysis. The study revealed that institutional factors such as community credit support, academic extension support, academic institution market and input support, community maintenance support, and community input support positively and significantly (at 5% level) improved the yield by a margin of 0.49, 0.12, 0.1, 0.36, and 0.10. Assessing institutional actors’ interaction within each scheme will help develop linkages that will enable sustainability of irrigation schemes. Out scaling of research on LIAs on irrigation scheme performance enhances scheme performance.
The Global Rise and the Complexity of Sesame Allergy: Prime Time to Regulate Sesame in the United States of America?
Authors: Gangur Venugopal , Acharya Harini G.
Published: September 2020

Sesame allergy is a life-threatening disease that has been growing globally with poorly understood mechanisms. To protect sensitive consumers, sesame is regulated in many countries. There were four research goals for this work on sesame allergy: (i) to map the timeline, and the extent of its global rise; (ii) to dissect the complexity of the disease, and its mechanisms; (iii) to analyze the global regulation of sesame; and (iv) to map the directions for future research and regulation. We performed a literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar, using combinations of key words and analyzed the output. Regulatory information was obtained from the government agencies. Information relevant to the above goals was used to make interpretations. We found that: (i) the reports appeared first in 1950s, and then rapidly rose globally from 1990s; (ii) sesame contains protein and lipid allergens, a unique feature not found in other allergenic foods; (iii) it is linked to five types of diseases with understudied mechanisms; and (iv) it is a regulated allergen in 32 advanced countries excluding the USA. We also provide directions for filling gaps in the research and identify implications of possible regulation of sesame in the USA.
Tail Docking of Piglets 2: Effects of Meloxicam on the Stress Response to Tail Docking
Authors: Morrison Rebecca , Hemsworth Paul
Published: September 2020

This experiment assessed the efficacy of the cauterisation procedure with or without pain relief (injectable meloxicam) in mitigating the acute stress response to tail docking. Male piglets (n = 432) were allocated to the following treatments at 2-d post-farrowing: (1) no handling, (2) sham handling, (3) tail docked using clippers, (4) tail docked using a cauteriser, (5) meloxicam + clipper, and (6) meloxicam + cauteriser. Meloxicam treatments used Metacam® at 5 mg/mL injected i.m. 1 h prior to tail docking. Blood samples were collected at 15 and 30 min post-treatment and analysed for total plasma cortisol. Behaviours indicative of pain such as escape attempts, vocalisations and standing with head lowered were measured. The duration of vocalisations and frequency of escape attempts during treatment were greater in all tail docking treatments compared to the sham treatment. Piglets in the clipper treatment had higher (p < 0.05) cortisol concentrations at 30 min but not 15 min after treatment and stood for longer (p < 0.001) with head lowered in the first 60 min after treatment than those in the cauterisation treatment. Meloxicam reduced (p < 0.05) both the cortisol response at 30 min after tail docking with the clipper as well as the behavioural response in the first 60 min after tail docking with the clipper. In comparison to the sham treatment, cortisol concentrations at 15 min were higher in the two tail docking treatments whereas the tail docking treatments with meloxicam were similar to the sham handling treatment. In comparison to the sham handling treatment, cortisol concentrations at 30 min post-docking were higher (p < 0.05) only in the clipper treatment. While cauterisation appears to be less aversive than the clipper procedure, the administration of meloxicam did not mitigate the behavioural response during tail docking using either procedure, but reduced standing with head lowered in the first hour after docking for both methods. The commercial viability of administration of meloxicam requires consideration before it is recommended for use compared to cauterisation alone, as it requires additional handling of piglets and costs.
Tail Docking of Piglets 1: Stress Response of Piglets to Tail Docking
Authors: Morrison Rebecca , Hemsworth Paul
Published: September 2020

This experiment compared the stress responses of piglets to tail docking. Two hundred and eighty-eight piglets were allocated to the following treatments at 2 d post-farrowing: (1) sham handling treatment; (2) surgical castration; (3) tail docking using clippers; (4) tail docking using a cauterising iron. Blood samples were collected at 15 min, 30 min and 24 h post-treatment and analysed for total plasma cortisol. Behaviours indicative of pain, such as escape attempts, vocalisations and standing with head lowered were measured. Cortisol concentrations at 15 min post-treatment were higher (p < 0.001) in the tail docking and castration treatment groups than the sham handling treatment group, but at 30 min post-treatment, only the clipper and castration treatment groups had higher (p < 0.001) cortisol concentrations than the sham handling treatment. Duration of vocalisations and escape attempts were greater (p < 0.0001) during the castration treatment than the sham and tail docking treatments, but these behaviours occurred less (p < 0.05) in tail-docked piglets than those that were castrated. Piglets undergoing the tail-docked treatments and the castration treatment exhibited more behaviours indicative of pain, such as standing longer (p < 0.05) with the head lowered in the 60 min after treatment, than those in the sham handling treatment group. There were no treatment effects on cortisol concentrations and behaviour at 23–24 h post-treatment. The physiological results at 30 min post-treatment indicate that tail docking with cauterisation may be less aversive than tail docking with clippers.
Genomic Evaluation of Primiparous High-Producing Dairy Cows: Inbreeding Effects on Genotypic and Phenotypic Production–Reproductive Traits
Authors: Gutiérrez-Reinoso Miguel A. , Aponte Pedro Manuel , Cabezas Joel , Rodriguez-Alvarez Lleretny , Garcia-Herreros Manuel
Published: September 2020

The main objective of this study was to analyze the effects of the inbreeding degree in high-producing primiparous dairy cows genotypically and phenotypically evaluated and its impacts on production and reproductive parameters. Eighty Holstein–Friesian primiparous cows (age: ~26 months; ~450 kg body weight) were previously genomically analyzed to determine the Inbreeding Index (II) and were divided into two groups: low inbreeding group (LI: <2.5; n = 40) and high inbreeding group (HI: ≥2.5 and ≤5.0; n = 40). Genomic determinations of production and reproductive parameters (14 in total), together with analyses of production (12) and reproductive (11) phenotypic parameters (23 in total) were carried out. Statistically significant differences were obtained between groups concerning the genomic parameters of Milk Production at 305 d and Protein Production at 305 d and the reproductive parameter Daughter Calving Ease, the first two being higher in cows of the HI group and the third lower in the LI group (p < 0.05). For the production phenotypic parameters, statistically significant differences were observed between both groups in the Total Fat, Total Protein, and Urea parameters, the first two being higher in the LI group (p < 0.05). Also, significant differences were observed in several reproductive phenotypic parameters, such as Number of Services per Conception, Calving to Conception Interval, Days Open Post Service, and Current Inter-Partum Period, all of which negatively influenced the HI group (p < 0.05). In addition, correlation analyses were performed between production and reproductive genomic parameters separately and in each consanguinity group. The results showed multiple positive and negative correlations between the production and reproductive parameters independently of the group analyzed, being these correlations more remarkable for the reproductive parameters in the LI group and the production parameters in the HI group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the degree of inbreeding significantly influenced the results, affecting different genomic and phenotypic production and reproductive parameters in high-producing primiparous cows. The determination of the II in first-calf heifers is crucial to evaluate the negative effects associated with homozygosity avoiding an increase in inbreeding depression on production and reproductive traits.
Frequent Visits to an Outdoor Range and Lower Areas of an Aviary System Is Related to Curiosity in Commercial Free-Range Laying Hens
Authors: Kolakshyapati Manisha , Taylor Peta Simone , Hamlin Adam , Sibanda Terence Zimazile , Vilela Jessica de Souza , Ruhnke Isabelle
Published: September 2020

Individual hen preferences to spend time at particular locations within a free-range aviary system and relationships with temperament is relatively unknown. Hens (n = 769) from three commercial flocks were monitored with Radio Frequency Identification technology to determine time spent on the range, upper and lower aviary tiers, and nest boxes. Prior depopulation, novel arena (NA) and novel object (NO) tests assessed exploration and fearfulness. During early life; more time on the lower tier was associated with more lines crossed in the NA test (p < 0.05). No other evidence suggested preference during early life was related to fear or curiosity. More time on the range and lower tier were associated with heavier pre-ranging body weight and gain (p = 0.0001). Over the hens’ whole life; time spent on range and lower tier was associated with approaching the NO (p < 0.01). More time spent on the upper tier was associated with less time near the NO and fewer lines crossed in NA (p < 0.01). The relationships during early and whole life use of space and some potential indicators of fearfulness were inconsistent and therefore, no strong, valid, and reliable indicators of hen fearfulness such as freezing were identified.
Waste Valorization via Hermetia Illucens to Produce Protein-Rich Biomass for Feed: Insight into the Critical Nutrient Taurine
Authors: Giannetto Alessia , Oliva Sabrina , Riolo Kristian , Savastano Domenico , Parrino Vincenzo , Cappello Tiziana , Maisano Maria , Fasulo Salvatore , Mauceri Angela
Published: September 2020

Insects have been recognized as sustainable alternative sources of nutrients for food and feed. The Black Soldier Fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, is a particularly promising species for its great potential in the waste valorization to produce, during the bioconversion process, high-value fat and proteins that currently represent a valuable source for fish feed. The present study aims to evaluate the efficiency to use substrate proteins in two different BSF developmental stages as sustainable biotechnological tools for vegetable waste management. We provide insights into the nutritional values of both V instar larvae and prepupae in terms of valuable amino acids with special focus on taurine, a crucial nutrient for fish. Moreover, we cloned four key genes from BSF involved in the taurine biosynthesis pathway, 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase (Hiado), cysteine dioxygenase (Hicdo), cysteine sulfonate decarboxylase (Hicsad), and glutamate decarboxylase (Higad). The gene expression analysis in larvae and prepupae by qPCR showed development-specific profiles suggesting they influence the taurine content during BSF development. These findings showed peculiar phenotypes in larvae and prepupae that can be selected for different biotechnological applications as sustainable source of relevant amino acids and taurine to support the increasing demand for animal feed and aquafeed in the next decades.
Clinical Significance of Carbapenem-Tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated in the Respiratory Tract
Authors: Azuma Momoyo , Murakami Keiji , Murata Rina , Kataoka Keiko , Fujii Hideki , Miyake Yoichiro , Nishioka Yasuhiko
Published: September 2020

We often come across difficult to treat infections—even after administering appropriate antibiotics according to the minimal inhibitory concentration of the causative bacteria. Antibiotic tolerance has recently started to garner attention as a crucial mechanism of refractory infections. However, few studies have reported the correlation between clinical outcomes and antibiotic tolerance. This study aims to clarify the effect of antibiotic tolerance on clinical outcomes of respiratory tract infection caused by Pseudomonas aeuginosa (P. aeruginosa). We examined a total of 63 strains isolated from sputum samples of different patients and conducted a retrospective survey with the medical records of 37 patients with imipenem-sensitive P. aeruginosa infections. Among them, we selected 15 patients with respiratory infections, and they were divided into high-tolerance minimal bactericidal concentration for adherent bacteria (MBCAD)/minimal inhibitory concentration for adherent bacteria (MICAD) ≥ 32 (n = 9) group and low-tolerance MBCAD/MICAD ≤ 16 (n = 6) group for further investigations. The findings indicated that the high-tolerance group consisted of many cases requiring hospitalization. Chest computed tomography findings showed that the disease was more extensive in the high-tolerance group compared to the low-tolerance group. Regarding the bacterial phenotypic characterization, the high-tolerance group significantly upregulated the production of the virulence factors compared to the low-tolerance group. Our study provided evidence that carbapenem tolerance level is a potent prognostic marker of P. aeruginosa infections, and carbapenem tolerance could be a potential target for new antimicrobial agents to inhibit the progression of persistent P. aeruginosa infections.
Importance of the Use of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Inflammatory Profile in Aqueous and Vitreous Humor in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: López-Contreras Ana Karen , Martínez-Ruiz María Guadalupe , Olvera-Montaño Cecilia , Robles-Rivera Ricardo Raúl , Arévalo-Simental Diana Esperanza , Castellanos-González José Alberto , Hernández-Chávez Abel , Huerta-Olvera Selene Guadalupe , Cardona-Muñoz Ernesto German , Rodríguez-Carrizalez Adolfo Daniel
Published: September 2020

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and morbidity worldwide, being the number one cause of blindness in people between 27 and 75 years old. It is estimated that ~191 million people will be diagnosed with this microvascular complication by 2030. Its pathogenesis is due to alterations in the retinal microvasculature as a result of a high concentration of glucose in the blood for a long time which generates numerous molecular changes like oxidative stress. Therefore, this narrative review aims to approach various biomarkers associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy. Focusing on the molecules showing promise as detection tools, among them we consider markers of oxidative stress (TAC, LPO, MDA, 4-HNE, SOD, GPx, and catalase), inflammation (IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, and MMPs), apoptosis (NF-kB, cyt-c, and caspases), and recently those that have to do with epigenetic modifications, their measurement in different biological matrices obtained from the eye, including importance, obtaining process, handling, and storage of these matrices in order to have the ability to detect the disease in its early stages.
A Systematic Review of Gluten-Free Dough and Bread: Dough Rheology, Bread Characteristics, and Improvement Strategies
Authors: Cappelli Alessio , Oliva Noemi , Cini Enrico
Published: September 2020

High-quality, gluten-free doughs and bakery products are clearly more difficult to produce than wheat flour-based products. The poor quality of the breads that are currently available demonstrates that manufacturing remains a significant technological problem. This is mainly due to the absence of gluten, which has a huge negative impact on dough rheology and bread characteristics. Gluten replacement is still the major challenge in the development of doughs and baked goods. The literature documents various improvement strategies. The most active approach seeks to identify alternative ingredients that can mimic the viscoelastic properties of the gluten network, notably hydrocolloids, enzymes, emulsifiers, and alternative sources of protein. However, other innovative strategies, such as high pressure, using heat to dry flour, and sourdough fermentation, have been investigated. In this context, the first aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding gluten-free doughs, breads, and bakery products. Secondly, as it is clear that the manufacture of gluten-free products remains a key challenge, it suggests some improvement strategies that can boost their nutritional, technological, and sensorial characteristics.
Structural Dynamic Improvement for Petal-Type Deployable Solid-Surface Reflector Based on Numerical Parameter Study
Authors: Huang He , Cheng Qiang , Zheng Lei
Published: September 2020

Petal-type Deployable Solid-surface Reflector (PDSR) is a kind of important structure widely applied in deployable reflector antennas in aerospace engineering. The dynamic properties of this reflector structure in deployed state are significant to the reflector accuracy for antennas. However, the study of the dynamic evaluation of deployable structure with revolute joints is difficult and seldom concerned by researchers. In order to study dynamic properties of the PDSR, the Cable Replacement Method (CRM) was utilized to equivalently simulate the nonlinear structural stiffness of the revolute joint for numerical analyses. The Finite Element Model (FEM) of this reflector structure was established by commercial software ANSYS (ANSYS Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA) and verified by the theoretical analysis and dynamic test of actual prototype model. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of deployed reflector were computed to study the influence of drag spring design parameters as stiffness, pre-tensioned force, and distance of two adjacent linkage butts. Finally, the analysis results were concluded that the drag springs between two adjacent petals can essentially improve the dynamic performance of reflector structure in deployed state. It can be a useful technical system for future engineering applications of PDSR antennas.
Assessment of the Constancy of Performance of Cementitious Adhesives for Ceramic Tiles: Analysis of the Test Results Commissioned by Polish Market Surveillance Authorities
Authors: Łukasik Mateusz , Michałowski Bartosz , Michalak Jacek
Published: September 2020

Assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) is a complex process. Without it, the manufacturer cannot mark the product with the Conformitè Europëenne (CE) marking and place it on the EU market. The verification of the correctness of the AVCP is carried out by market surveillance. In Poland, supervision authorities regularly check manufacturers by collecting construction products that exist on the market for inspection. Among the dry-mix mortars, adhesives for ceramic tiles (CTA) constitute an essential group. The requirements for CTAs are specified in EN 12004. According to the standard, the basic characteristics of cementitious CTAs are tensile adhesion strength and open time. The adhesion measurements are performed after various laboratory conditions tests. The study analyzes the results obtained for 129 samples of cementitious CTAs, collected between the years 2016 and 2019 from the market, and tested in notified laboratories at the request of Polish construction supervision authorities. Many tested products did not meet the threshold values, which resulted in removing them from the market. The paper discusses the complexity of the tensile adhesion strength measurement. The obtained test results are considered in various dimensions, including using the simple acceptance rule method when evaluating the results, which does not consider the measurement uncertainty.
Artificial Intelligence Enabled Routing in Software Defined Networking
Authors: Wu Yan-Jing , Hwang Po-Chun , Hwang Wen-Shyang , Cheng Ming-Hua
Published: September 2020

Software defined networking (SDN) is an emerging networking architecture that separates the control plane from the data plane and moves network management to a central point, called the controller. The controller is responsible for preparing the flow tables of each switch in the data plane. Although dynamic routing can perform rerouting in case of congestion by periodically monitoring the status of each data flow, problems concerning a suitable monitoring period duration and lack of learning ability from past experiences to avoid similar but ineffective route decisions remain unsolved. This paper presents an artificial intelligence enabled routing (AIER) mechanism with congestion avoidance in SDN, which can not only alleviate the impact of monitoring periods with dynamic routing, but also provide learning ability and superior route decisions by introducing artificial intelligence (AI) technology. We evaluate the performance of the proposed AIER mechanism on the Mininet simulator by installing three additional modules, namely, topology discovery, monitoring period, and an artificial neural network, in the control plane. The effectiveness and superiority of our proposed AIER mechanism are demonstrated by performance metrics, including average throughput, packet loss ratio, and packet delay versus data rate for different monitoring periods in the system.
Rentable CDN Using Blockchain and Proof of Provenance
Authors: Kim Suah , Sachnev Vasily , Kim Hyoung Joong
Published: September 2020

Building a rentable content delivery network (CDN), a p2p based CDN that supports content control and is composed of hardware rented from consumers, requires significant trust between the renters and consumers. The proposed method solves this using a Blockchain to provide transparency in running the network, and proof of provenance, a verifiable proof origin of the content that is used to determine who can get paid for their services to discourage malicious activities.
Implementation of Digital Twin for Engine Block Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Bambura Roman , Šolc Marek , Dado Miroslav , Kotek Luboš
Published: September 2020

The digital twin (DT) is undergoing an increase in interest from both an academic and industrial perspective. Although many authors proposed and described various frameworks for DT implementation in the manufacturing industry context, there is an absence of real-life implementation studies reported in the available literature. The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate feasibility of the DT implementation under real conditions of a production plant that is specializing in manufacturing of the aluminum components for the automotive industry. The implementation framework of the DT for engine block manufacturing processes consists of three layers: physical layer, virtual layer and information-processing layer. A simulation model was created using the Tecnomatix Plant Simulation (TPS) software. In order to obtain real-time status data of the production line, programmable logic control (PLC) sensors were used for raw data acquisition. To increase production line productivity, the algorithm for bottlenecks detection was developed and implemented into the DT. Despite the fact that the implementation process is still under development and only partial results are presented in this paper, the DT seems to be a prospective real-time optimization tool for the industrial partner.
Recent Advances in Optical Detection of Aminoglycosides
Authors: Zhou Yan , Ji Yanwei , Cao Zhijuan
Published: September 2020

Aminoglycosides (AGs) are broad-spectrum antibiotics used in both human infection and animal medicine. The overuse of AGs causes undesirable residues in food, leading to serious health problems due to food chain accumulation. In recent years, various methods have been developed to determine AGs in food. Among these methods, fluorescent (FL), colorimetric and chemiluminescent (CL) optical methods possess advantages such as their simple instrumentation, low cost, simple operation, feasibility of realizing visualization, and smartphone imaging. This mini-review summarizes optical assays for the detection of AGs in food developed in recent years. The detection principles for different categories are discussed. Then, the amplification techniques for the ultrasensitive detection of AGs are introduced. We also discuss multiplex methods for the simultaneous detection of AGs. Finally, the challenges and future prospects are discussed in the Conclusions and Perspectives section.
Comparing Deep Learning and Statistical Methods in Forecasting Crowd Distribution from Aggregated Mobile Phone Data
Authors: Cecaj Alket , Lippi Marco , Mamei Marco , Zambonelli Franco
Published: September 2020

Accurately forecasting how crowds of people are distributed in urban areas during daily activities is of key importance for the smart city vision and related applications. In this work we forecast the crowd density and distribution in an urban area by analyzing an aggregated mobile phone dataset. By comparing the forecasting performance of statistical and deep learning methods on the aggregated mobile data we show that each class of methods has its advantages and disadvantages depending on the forecasting scenario. However, for our time-series forecasting problem, deep learning methods are preferable when it comes to simplicity and immediacy of use, since they do not require a time-consuming model selection for each different cell. Deep learning approaches are also appropriate when aiming to reduce the maximum forecasting error. Statistical methods instead show their superiority in providing more precise forecasting results, but they require data domain knowledge and computationally expensive techniques in order to select the best parameters.
Laboratory Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of a Rubber–Calcareous Sand Mixture: The Effect of Rubber Content
Authors: Liu Xin , Tian Chaoyang , Lan Hengxing
Published: September 2020

This paper introduces a rubber–calcareous sand mixture as a lightweight building material in offshore engineering. The mechanical properties of mixtures of varying rubber contents were investigated by performing a one-dimensional (1-D) compression test in a modified oedometer cell, as well as a resonant column test. A discussion on the test results, along with detailed interpretations regarding the role of rubber chips in the mixtures, are provided. It was found that the virgin compression curves of the rubber–calcareous sand mixtures tended to converge at a certain stress level, whilst the stress level depended on the rubber content. Moreover, the relative breakage was examined by comparing the particle size distribution curves of the calcareous sand before and after the compression test. It was shown that the grain crushing of calcareous sand was less remarkable with the inclusion of rubber chips. Furthermore, the small strain shear modulus (G0) of the mixtures decreased with the rubber content, yet the modulus reduction and damping curves exhibited little difference for the specimens of varying rubber contents.