bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological Inhibition of eIF2α Phosphorylation by Integrated Stress Response Inhibitor (ISRIB) Ameliorates Vascular Calcification in Rats
Authors: DONG J , JIN S , GUO J , YANG R , TIAN D , XUE H , XIAO L , GUO Q , WANG R , XU M , TENG X , WU Y
Published: August 2022

Vascular calcification (VC) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with the absence of current treatment. This study aimed to investigate whether eIF2α phosphorylation inhibition could ameliorate VC. VC in rats was induced by administration of vitamin D3 (3×105 IU/kg, intramuscularly) plus nicotine (25 mg/kg, intragastrically). ISRIB (0.25 mg/kg·week), an inhibitor of eIF2α phosphorylation, ameliorated the elevation of calcium deposition and ALP activity in calcified rat aortas, accompanied by amelioration of increased SBP, PP, and PWV. The decreased protein levels of calponin and SM22α, and the increased levels of RUNX2 and BMP2 in calcified aorta were all rescued by ISRIB, while the increased levels of the GRP78, GRP94, and C/EBP homologous proteins in rats with VC were also attenuated. Moreover, ISRIB could prevent the elevation of eIF2α phosphorylation and ATF4, and partially inhibit PERK phosphorylation in the calcified aorta. These results suggested that an eIF2α phosphorylation inhibitor could ameliorate VC pathogenesis by blocking eIF2α/ATF4 signaling, which may provide a new target for VC prevention and treatment.
The Fatty Acid Composition of Serum Phospholipids in Adolescents is Associated With Body Composition in Early Adulthoods: An Eight-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: METELCOVÁ T , ZAMRAZILOVÁ H , VAŇKOVÁ M , HILL M , TVRZICKÁ E , STAŇKOVÁ B , TAXOVÁ BRAUNEROVÁ R , HAINER V , KUNEŠOVÁ M
Published: August 2022

The fatty acid composition is associated with obesity. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) could have a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of many disorders, including cardiometabolic diseases. A cohort of 84 men and 131 women were examined in adolescence and after 8 years. Body weight (BW) and fat mass (FM) were measured. The composition of fatty acids (FAs) of serum phospholipids was assessed using gas chromatography. Statistics: PLS method. Aim: to determine the relationships between FAs in adolescence and FM (explanatory variable 1, EV1) and BW (explanatory variable 2, EV2) in adulthood. In the predictive models, a cluster of FAs in boys explained 47.2 % of EV1 and a cluster of 6 FAs in girls explained 32.3 % of EV1 measured in adulthood. FAs measured in adolescents explained 23.7 % of EV2 in early adults regardless of gender. A significant negative association was found between 18:1n-9c and EV1 in males and EV2 in both genders. We found a significant negative association between 18:2n-6 and 20:0 and both EV1 and EV2. In all analyses, we found a significant negative association of 20:1n-9 and 18:3n-3 with EV1-2 in both genders. A significant positive association was found in 20:3n-6 with EV1 and EV2 in males. 20:4n-6 was positively associated with EV1 in females and EV2 in both genders. A positive association between FM and very long chain n- 6 PUFAs was also observed. It is concluded that serum MUFAs and essential PUFAs in adolescence are associated with lower BW and FM in adulthood.
Goals, Definitions, Principles, and Issues in Biodiversity Reporting: A Critical Review
Authors: Sarfraz Maliha , Ullah Hayat , Iqbal Rashid , Rehman Zia Ur , Sajid Sanaullah , Ullah Munzer
Published: August 2022

Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms from all sources and the ecological complexes to which they belong. It ranges from fish in the sea, birds in the air, and soil microorganisms in the soil to genetic variability in crops of agriculture and diversity of ecosystems. For an efficient ecosystem, this variability is very necessary because the ecosystem provides ecosystem services to an organization and society. Biodiversity is recognized more and more as an important issue. For an organization, it is very difficult to transform theory into practice. Implementing tools to sufficiently administer act inconsistency with the purpose of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Reporting offers organizations a chance to give details of their connection with biodiversity. Plants are generally familiar as a vital component of biodiversity and global sustainability. They provide food, fuel, shelter, fiber, and medicine. Healthy ecosystems based on plant diversity provide the conditions and processes that sustain life and are essential to the well-being and livelihoods of all mankind. It also forms the basis of all ecosystems on which all the animal species depend. They also provide natural resources for humanity all over the world. They provide most of the basis of materials which are necessary for our daily life.
Enhancement in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Growth Performance Under Salt Stress Using Exogeneous Application of L- tryptophan
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Abbasi Ghulam Hassan , Ahmad Salman , Ameen Muhammad , Rehman Saeed Ur , Irfan Muhammad , Iqbal Rashid
Published: August 2022

Salinity is one of the major stress factors that has a substantial impact on agricultural resilience and concerns global food safety. L-tryptophan being an essential regulator with specialized activities in plant functioning, as well as an increase in tolerance to various abiotic stressors. A hydroponic experiment was carried out to determine the effective role of L-tryptophan in okra seedlings in saline environment in terms of growth, physiological, ionic, and antioxidant properties. Salinity was imposed in growth medium with two levels of NaCl (Control and 80 mM NaCl) whereas one level of L-tryptophan (50 µM L-1) administered externally in both combined and single forms. MDA and H2O2 contents increase while plant dry matter, chlorophyll content, relative water contents, membrane stability index, K+/Na+ ratio decreases due to salt stress. Salt toxicity was reduced when L-tryptophan was added as illustrated by increased relative water contents, membrane stability index, K+/Na+ ratio, as well as suppression of MDA and H2O2 generation. Our findings suggested that L-tryptophan increased salinity tolerance in okra, which could be a cause of viable sustainable production from salt-affected soils.
Optimization of Adsorption of Eugenol-Silica Gel Composites to Metal Ions Cu (II) Using Box Behnken Method
Authors: Rachmalia Fitra , Fathurrahman Muhammad , Sutanto Sutanto
Published: August 2022

Silica gel can be used as an absorbent so that it can also be used as a process for making eugenol-silica gel composites. This study aims to optimize the adsorption of the eugenol-silica gel composite to Cu (II) metal ions and to determine the maximum absorption capacity and adsorption constant of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. This research begins with determining the optimization of contact time 10-60 minutes, temperature 20-45 oC and the weight of the adsorbent is carried out in the range of 0.10-0.20 grams in a 50 mL solution and the experimental design of the box Behnken method will determine three variables through (Response Surface Methodology). Furthermore, the determination of Cu levels by preparing 100 ppm Cu mother liquor, making a standard series, and testing with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), and then determination of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the adsorption process using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were at a contact time of 30 minutes, a temperature of 45 oC with an adsorbent weight of 0.10 grams in a 50 mL solution, in Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal adsorption. The adsorption process takes place in two directions (reversible) the values of Kf, b and n are 8331; -5.2224 and -0.4541. The adsorption process takes place in two directions (reversible) the values of Kf, b and n are 8331; -5.2224 and -0.4541. The adsorption process takes place in two directions (reversible) the values of Kf, b and n are 8331; -5.2224 and -0.4541.
Sistem Pengelolaan Perikanan Demersal di Karang Kapota Taman Nasional Wakatobi
Authors: Hasan Ridwan , Tadjuddah Muslim , Asriyana
Published: August 2022

Kondisi perikanan demersal di perairan Taman Nasional Wakatobi (TNW) pada zona pemanfaatan khususnya di Karang Kapota bisa dinyatakan padat tangkap, sehingga perlu dilakukan suatu penelitian mengenai perencanaan dan pengembangan perikanan demersal melalui pendekatan sistem untuk mengurai permasalahan yang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik perikanan demersal, menganalisis stakeholders yang terlibat, dan mendesain sistem pengelolaan perikanan demersal di Karang Kapota TNW. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Juni sampai September 2019 di Karang Kapota TNW. Pengambilan data primer dilakukan dengan metode purposif di sentra-sentra perikanan demersal sedangkan data sekunder diambil dari instansi terkait. Data primer dan sekunder dianalisis dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel, gambar, dan dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Data-data yang akan ditampilkan adalah karakteristik perikanan demersal, analisis stakeholders, dan analisis sistem perikanan demersal. Karakteristik perikanan demersal menunjukan bahwa hasil tangkapan yang dominan adalah ikan lencam (27%) dengan armada penangkapan terbanyak digunakan yaitu bodi batang (62,5%). Pemangku kepentingan yang terlibat yaitu nelayan dan DISPAR berada pada kelompok dengan kepentingan tinggi tetapi pengaruhnya rendah (subjects); DKP Kabupaten, BTNW, RARE, TNC, PSKP, Komanangi, Kelompok Padang Kauwang sama, Koordinator/Pengumpul Lokal, Bappeda, UD. Pulau Mas, dan LPSTK Wakatobi berada pada kelompok dengan kepentingan dan pengaruh yang tinggi (players); dan DKP Provinsi dengan kepentingan dan pengaruh yang rendah (by standers). Diagram sistem pengelolaan perikanan demersal yaitu alat tangkap harus ramah lingkungan, meningkatkan armada pengawasan, mempertegas aturan hukum, serta adanya keterlibatan masyarakat dan nelayan dalam pengelolaan perikanan demersal
Ett nödvändigt ont?
Authors: Arnesson Kerstin , Bergman Ann-Sofie , Järkestig Berggren Ulrika
Published: August 2022

Inom svensk social barnavård är privata konsulter, som handlägger barnavårdsutredningar en relativt ny företeelse. Artikelns syfte är att kartlägga och fördjupa kunskapen om omfattningen av privata konsulter som handlägger och genomför barnavårdsutredningar samt att beskriva kommuners/stadsdelars incitament för att anlita privata konsulter eller avsluta uppdrag. Det empiriska materialet är, utifrån ett strategiskt urval, hämtat från tre län/22 kommuner och en storstadsregion/10 stadsdelar i Sverige. Insamlingen av det empiriska materialet genomfördes genom strukturerade telefonintervjuer med en hög grad av standardiserade frågor. Resultatet visar att antalet barnavårdsutredningar ökade markant från år 2013 till år 2017. I de studerade kommunerna/stadsdelarna medförde det en högre arbetsbelastning, en sämre arbetsmiljö och svårigheter att rekrytera erfarna socialsekreterare. De flesta kommunerna/stadsdelarna löste situationen genom att anlita privata konsulter. Det medförde en marknadsorientering av genomförandet av barnavårdsutredningar och en ny arena för privata konsulter skapades. I de studerade kommunerna/stadsdelarna är erfarenheten generellt negativ av att anlita konsulter såväl när det gäller kvaliteten på barnavårdsutredningarna som arbetsmiljön på arbetsplatsen. Det var även en dyr lösning. Efterfrågan på konsulter som kunde utföra barnavårdsutredningar var stor och de kunde därför diktera villkoren. Kommunernas och stadsdelarnas erfarenheter stärktes med tiden, vilket gjorde att de blev mer tydliga i kontrakten gällande krav på konsultens kompetens och erfarenhet samt uppdragets omfattning, innehåll och kvalitet. Det innebar en viss maktförskjutning från konsultföretagen till de anlitande kommunerna/stadsdelarna. Det är inte helt klart vilken utveckling vi kan förutsäga, mer än att konstatera att de privata aktörerna är etablerade i den svenska sociala barnavården. Vi kan även se tendensen till att de privata konsulterna har inneburit vissa positiva förändringar för de kommunalt anställda socionomerna när det gäller höjning av lönenivåer och förbättrade arbetsvillkor. Förändringar som kanske inte hade varit möjliga eller tagit längre tid utan marknadsorienteringen.
Barn och ungas uppfattningar om socialtjänsten
Authors: Spånberger Weitz Ylva , Hagström Maja
Published: August 2022

Artikeln belyser införandet av undervisning om socialtjänsten i skolan, med fokus på barn och ungas perspektiv. Syftet är att beskriva hur elevernas kunskap om och attityder till socialtjänsten har förändrats efter genomförd undervisning samt hur eleverna ser på undervisningen och på sin förvärvade kunskap. Resultaten visar att eleverna över lag var positiva till den undervisning de hade fått. De framhöll särskilt värdet av att känna till socialtjänsten, att få kunskap om vad socialtjänsten gör samt att få veta att barn och unga själva kan ta kontakt med socialtjänsten vid behov av stöd och hjälp. Resultaten tyder också på att elevernas kunskap om socialtjänsten stärktes och att attityderna blev mer positiva efter genomförd undervisning. Efter genomförd undervisning beskrev eleverna själva att deras bild av socialtjänsten hade förändrats och socialtjänsten beskrevs som ett av flera möjliga alternativ att vända sig till vid eget behov av stöd och hjälp.
Monitoring weekly progress of front crawl swimmers using IMU-based performance evaluation goal metrics
Authors: Hamidi Rad Mahdi , Gremeaux Vincent , Massé Fabien , Dadashi Farzin , Aminian Kamiar
Published: August 2022

Technical evaluation of swimming performance is an essential factor in preparing elite swimmers for their competitions. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) have attracted much attention recently because they can provide coaches with a detailed analysis of swimmers’ performance during training. A coach can obtain a quantitative and objective evaluation from IMU. The purpose of this study was to validate the use of a new phase-based performance assessment with a single IMU worn on the sacrum during training sessions. Sixteen competitive swimmers performed five one-way front crawl trials at their maximum speed wearing an IMU on the sacrum. The coach recorded the lap time for each trial, as it remains the gold standard for swimmer’s performance in competition. The measurement was carried out once a week for 10 consecutive weeks to monitor the improvement in the swimmers’ performance. Meaningful progress was defined as a time decrease of at least 0.5 s over a 25 m lap. Using validated algorithms, we estimated five goal metrics from the IMU signals representing the swimmer’s performance in the swimming phases (wall push-off, glide, stroke preparation, free-swimming) and in the entire lap. The results showed that the goal metrics for free-swimming phase and the entire lap predicted the swimmer’s progress well (e.g., accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.91, 0.89, 0.94, and 0.95 for the lap goal metric, respectively). As the goal metrics for initial phases (wall push-off, glide, stroke preparation) achieved high precision and specificity (≥0.79) in progress detection, the coach can use them for swimmers with satisfactory free-swimming phase performance and make further improvements in initial phases. Changes in the values of the goal metrics have been shown to be correlated with changes in lap time when there is meaningful progress. The results of this study show that goal metrics provided by the phase-based performance evaluation with a single IMU can help monitoring swimming progress. Average velocity of the lap can replace traditional lap time measurement, while phase-based goal metrics provide more information about the swimmer’s performance in each phase. This evaluation can help the coach quantitatively monitor the swimmer’s performance and train them more efficiently.
Research progress on detection techniques for point-of-care testing of foodborne pathogens
Authors: Liu Sha , Zhao Kaixuan , Huang Meiyuan , Zeng Meimei , Deng Yan , Li Song , Chen Hui , Li Wen , Chen Zhu
Published: August 2022

The global burden of foodborne disease is enormous and foodborne pathogens are the leading cause of human illnesses. The detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria has become a research hotspot in recent years. Rapid detection methods based on immunoassay, molecular biology, microfluidic chip, metabolism, biosensor, and mass spectrometry have developed rapidly and become the main methods for the detection of foodborne pathogens. This study reviewed a variety of rapid detection methods in recent years. The research advances are introduced based on the above technical methods for the rapid detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. The study also discusses the limitations of existing methods and their advantages and future development direction, to form an overall understanding of the detection methods, and for point-of-care testing (POCT) applications to accurately and rapidly diagnose and control diseases.
Dam-Break Waves’ Hydrodynamics on Composite Bathymetry
Authors: von Häfen Hajo , Krautwald Clemens , Bihs Hans , Goseberg Nils
Published: August 2022

Among others, dam-break waves are a common representation for tsunami waves near- or on-shore as well as for large storm waves riding on top of storm surge water levels at coasts. These extreme hydrodynamic events are a frequent cause of destruction and losses along coastlines worldwide. Within this study, dam-break waves are propagated over a composite bathymetry, consisting of a linear slope and an adjacent horizontal plane. The wave propagation on the slope as well as its subsequent inundation of the horizontal hinterland is investigated, by varying an extensive set of parameters, for the first time. To that end, a numerical multi-phase computational fluid dynamics model is calibrated against large-scale physical flume tests. The model is used to systematically alter the parameters governing the hydrodynamics and to link them with the physical processes observed. The parameters governing the flow are the slope length, the height of the horizontal plane with respect to the ocean bottom elevation, and the initial impoundment depth of the dam-break. It is found that the overland flow features are governed by the non-dimensional height of the horizontal plane. Empirical equations are presented to predict the features of the overland flow, such as flow depth and velocities along the horizontal plane, as a function of the aforementioned parameters. In addition, analytical considerations concerning these dam-break flow features are presented, highlighting the changing hydrodynamics over space and time and rising attention to this phenomenon to be considered in future experimental tests.
In Vivo Clonal Analysis Reveals Random Monoallelic Expression in Lymphocytes That Traces Back to Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Kubasova Nadiya , Alves-Pereira Clara F. , Gupta Saumya , Vinogradova Svetlana , Gimelbrant Alexander , Barreto Vasco M.
Published: August 2022

Evaluating the epigenetic landscape in the stem cell compartment at the single-cell level is essential to assess the cells’ heterogeneity and predict their fate. Here, using a genome-wide transcriptomics approach in vivo, we evaluated the allelic expression imbalance in the progeny of single hematopoietic cells (HSCs) as a read-out of epigenetic marking. After 4 months of extensive proliferation and differentiation, we found that X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is tightly maintained in all single-HSC derived hematopoietic cells. In contrast, the vast majority of the autosomal genes did not show clonal patterns of random monoallelic expression (RME). However, a persistent allele-specific autosomal transcription in HSCs and their progeny was found in a rare number of cases, none of which has been previously reported. These data show that: 1) XCI and RME in the autosomal chromosomes are driven by different mechanisms; 2) the previously reported high frequency of genes under RME in clones expanded in vitro (up to 15%) is not found in clones undergoing multiple differentiation steps in vivo; 3) prior to differentiation, HSCs have stable patterns of autosomal RME. We propose that most RME patterns in autosomal chromosomes are erased and established de novo during cell lineage differentiation.
MiR-202-3p determines embryo viability during mid-blastula transition
Authors: Hu Ruiqin , Xu Yanna , Han Bingshe , Chen Yi , Li Wenhao , Guan Guijun , Hu Peng , Zhou Yan , Xu Qianghua , Chen Liangbiao
Published: August 2022

Developmental growth is an intricate process involving the coordinated regulation of the expression of various genes, and microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in diverse processes throughout animal development. The mid-blastula transition (MBT) is a developmental milestone when maternal RNAs are cleared and the zygotic genome programmed asynchronous cell division begins to drive embryogenesis. While mechanisms underlying MBT have been intensively revealed, factors regulating cell proliferation at the transition remain largely unknown. We report here a microRNA, miR-202-3p to be a key factor that determines embryonic fate during MBT in zebrafish. A miR-202-3p antagomir specifically terminated embryo development at the mid-blastula stage. In vivo deletion of the miR-202 locus recapitulated the fatal phenotypes, which were rescued only by miR-202-3p or its precursor. Transcriptome comparison revealed >250 RNAs including both maternal and zygotic origins were dysregulated at MBT in the miR-202−/− embryos, corresponding with arrays of homeostatic disorders leading to massive apoptosis. A trio of genes: nfkbiaa, perp and mgll, known to be intimately involved with cell proliferation and survival, were identified as direct targets of miR-202-3p. Importantly, over- or under-expression of any of the trio led to developmental delay or termination at the blastula or gastrula stages. Furthermore, nfkbiaa and perp were shown to inter-regulate each other. Thus, miR-202-3p mediates a regulatory network whose components interact closely during MBT to determine embryonic viability and development.
A One-step strategy to target essential factors with auxin-inducible degron system in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Li Jingsheng , Dai Chunhong , Xie Wenyan , Zhang Heyao , Huang Xin , Chronis Constantinos , Ye Ying , Zhang Wensheng
Published: August 2022

The self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are conferred by networks including transcription factors and histone modifiers. The Auxin-inducible degron (AID) system can rapidly and reversibly degrade its target proteins and is becoming a powerful tool to explore novel function of key pluripotent and histone modifier genes in ESCs. However, the low biallelic tagging efficiency and a basal degradation level of the current AID systems deem it unsuitable to target key pluripotent genes with tightly controlled expression levels. Here, we develop a one-step strategy to successfully target and repress the endogenous pluripotent genes in mouse ESCs and replace their expression with AID fused transgenes. Therefore, this work provides an efficient way for employing the AID system to uncover novel function of essential pluripotent and chromatin modifier genes in ESCs.
Reorganization of 3D chromatin architecture in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells
Authors: Wang Xuelong , Yan Jizhou , Ye Zhao , Zhang Zhiqiang , Wang Sheng , Hao Shuang , Shen Baiyong , Wei Gang
Published: August 2022

Background: Doxorubicin resistance remains a major therapeutic challenge leading to poor survival prognosis and treatment failure in breast cancer. Although doxorubicin induces massive changes in the transcriptional landscape are well known, potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets associated with the reorganization of three-dimensional (3D) chromatin architecture have not yet been systematically investigated.

Methods: Here we performed in situ high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) on parental and doxorubicin-resistant MCF7 (MCF7-DR) human breast cancer cells, followed by integrative analysis of HiC, ATAC-seq, RNA-seq and TCGA data.

Results: It revealed that A/B compartment switching was positively correlated to genome-wide differential gene expression. The genome of MCF7-DR cells was spatially reorganized into smaller topologically associating domains (TADs) and chromatin loops. We also revealed the contribution of increased chromatin accessibility and potential transcription factor families, including CTCF, AP-1 and bHLH, to gained TADs or loops. Intriguingly, we observed two condensed genomic regions (∼20 kb) with decreased chromatin accessibility flanking TAD boundaries, which might play a critical role in the formation or maintenance of TADs. Finally, combining data from TCGA, we identified a number of gained and lost enhancer-promoter interactions and their corresponding differentially expressed genes involved in chromatin organization and breast cancer signaling pathways, including FA2H, FOXA1 and JRKL, which might serve as potential treatment targets for breast cancer.

Conclusion: These data uncovered a close connection between 3D genome reorganization, chromatin accessibility as well as gene transcription and provide novel insights into the epigenomic mechanisms involving doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer.
Recent progress of catalytic methane combustion over transition metal oxide catalysts
Authors: Gao Yuan , Jiang Mingxin , Yang Liuqingqing , Li Zhuo , Tian Fei-Xiang , He Yulian
Published: August 2022

Methane (CH4) is one of the cleanest fossil fuel resources and is playing an increasingly indispensable role in our way to carbon neutrality, by providing less carbon-intensive heat and electricity worldwide. On the other hand, the atmospheric concentration of CH4 has raced past 1,900 ppb in 2021, almost triple its pre-industrial levels. As a greenhouse gas at least 86 times as potent as carbon dioxide (CO2) over 20 years, CH4 is becoming a major threat to the global goal of deviating Earth temperature from the +2°C scenario. Consequently, all CH4-powered facilities must be strictly coupled with remediation plans for unburned CH4 in the exhaust to avoid further exacerbating the environmental stress, among which catalytic CH4 combustion (CMC) is one of the most effective strategies to solve this issue. Most current CMC catalysts are noble-metal-based owing to their outstanding C–H bond activation capability, while their high cost and poor thermal stability have driven the search for alternative options, among which transition metal oxide (TMO) catalysts have attracted extensive attention due to their Earth abundance, high thermal stability, variable oxidation states, rich acidic and basic sites, etc. To date, many TMO catalysts have shown comparable catalytic performance with that of noble metals, while their fundamental reaction mechanisms are explored to a much less extent and remain to be controversial, which hinders the further optimization of the TMO catalytic systems. Therefore, in this review, we provide a systematic compilation of the recent research advances in TMO-based CMC reactions, together with their detailed reaction mechanisms. We start with introducing the scientific fundamentals of the CMC reaction itself as well as the unique and desirable features of TMOs applied in CMC, followed by a detailed introduction of four different kinetic reaction models proposed for the reactions. Next, we categorize the TMOs of interests into single and hybrid systems, summarizing their specific morphology characterization, catalytic performance, kinetic properties, with special emphasis on the reaction mechanisms and interfacial properties. Finally, we conclude the review with a summary and outlook on the TMOs for practical CMC applications. In addition, we also further prospect the enormous potentials of TMOs in producing value-added chemicals beyond combustion, such as direct partial oxidation to methanol.
Liposomes as Multifunctional Nano-Carriers for Medicinal Natural Products
Authors: Cheng Xiamin , Yan Hui , Pang Songhao , Ya Mingjun , Qiu Feng , Qin Pinzhu , Zeng Chao , Lu Yongna
Published: August 2022

Although medicinal natural products and their derivatives have shown promising effects in disease therapies, they usually suffer the drawbacks in low solubility and stability in the physiological environment, low delivery efficiency, side effects due to multi-targeting, and low site-specific distribution in the lesion. In this review, targeted delivery was well-guided by liposomal formulation in the aspects of preparation of functional liposomes, liposomal medicinal natural products, combined therapies, and image-guided therapy. This review is believed to provide useful guidance to enhance the targeted therapy of medicinal natural products and their derivatives.
Performance and mechanism of removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from wastewater by electrochemical carbon nanotube membranes
Authors: Wang Jun , Liu Hong , Chen Xiaofei , Li Ye , Sha Xueni , Song Huanjie , Li Bolin , Yan Zheng , Chang Ming
Published: August 2022

Electrochemical carbon nanotube (CNT) and carboxylated carbon nanotube (CNT-COOH) membranes were prepared by vacuum filtration for the removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from water. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy were used to analyze the performances of the two electrochemical membranes in the removal of antibiotics and ARGs, to determine the effects of different factors on removal rates, and to explore the mechanisms of the removal of antibiotics and ARGs. The results showed that CNT-COOH formed a porous mesh structure on the surface of polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and contained more oxygen than CNT. The electrochemical CNT-COOH membrane showed higher antibiotic and ARG removal rates than the electrochemical CNT membrane, with an antibiotics removal rate of 82% after 60 min of reaction and an ARGs concentration decrease by 1.85 log. The removal rate of antibiotics and ARGs increased with the increase in electrolyte concentration and anode voltage but decreased with the increase in the influent flow rate. The removal rate of antibiotics decreased with the increase in pH, while the best removal rates of ARGs were observed in a neutral environment. The degradation mechanism of antibiotics on the electrochemical CNT-COOH membrane was analyzed, and possible antibiotic degradation pathways were proposed. The removal of antibiotics and ARGs mainly occurred through electrochemical degradation, where hydroxyl radicals (-OH) played a dominant role.
Two-dimensional dysprosium(III) coordination polymer: Structure, single-molecule magnetic behavior, proton conduction, and luminescence
Authors: Chen Jin-Fen , Ge Yi-Liang , Wu Dong-Hui , Cui Hao-Tian , Mu Zhi-Lin , Xiao Hong-Ping , Li Xinhua , Ge Jing-Yuan
Published: August 2022

A new dysprosium (III) coordination polymer [Dy(Hm-dobdc) (H2O)2]·H2O (Dy-CP), was hydrothermal synthesized based on 4,6-dioxido-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate (H4m-dobdc) ligand containing carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups. The Dy(III) center adopts an octa-coordinated [DyO8] geometry, which can be described as a twisted square antiprism (D4d symmetry). Neighboring Dy(III) ions are interconnected by deprotonated Hm-dobdc3− ligand to form the two-dimensional infinite layers, which are further linked to generate three-dimensional structure through abundant hydrogen bonds mediated primarily by coordinated and lattice H2O molecules. Magnetic studies demonstrates that Dy-CP shows the field-induced slow relaxation of magnetization and the energy barrier Ueff/kB and relaxation time τ0 are 35.3 K and 1.31 × 10–6 s, respectively. Following the vehicular mechanism, Dy-CP displays proton conductivity with σ equal to 7.77 × 10–8 S cm−1 at 353 K and 30%RH. Moreover, luminescence spectra reveal that H4m-dobdc can sensitize characteristic luminescence of Dy(III) ion. Herein, good magnetism, proton conduction, and luminescence are simultaneously achieved, and thus, Dy-CP is a potential multifunctional coordination polymer material.
Lymphatic endothelial sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 enhances macrophage clearance via lymphatic system following myocardial infarction
Authors: Li Qinyu , Zhou Caixia , Zhao Kang , Duan Yunhao , Yue Jinnan , Liu Xiuxiang , Wu Jinjin , Deng Shengqiong
Published: August 2022

Lymphatic endothelial cell homeostasis plays important roles in normal physiological cardiac functions, and its dysfunction significantly influences pathological cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Our results revealed that sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1pr1) expression in cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) was sharply changed after MI. It has been shown that S1pr1 tightly controlled LEC functions and homeostasis. We thus hypothesized that lymphatic endothelial S1pr1 might be involved in post-MI cardiac remodeling. We generated LEC-conditional S1pr1 transgenic mice, in which S1pr1 expression was reduced in cardiac LECs. We performed the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation operation to induce MI in these mice. Cardiac functions and remodeling were examined by echocardiography analysis and serial histological analysis. Meanwhile, we performed adoptive cell transfer experiments to monitor macrophage trafficking in post-MI myocardium and their draining lymphatic system. Furthermore, in vitro cell culture experiments and mechanism studies were undertaken to uncover the molecular mechanism by which LEC-S1pr1 regulated cardiac inflammation and remodeling after MI. Our results showed that S1pr1 expression significantly decreased in cardiac LECs after MI. Our in vivo experiments showed that the reduced expression of LEC-S1pr1 deteriorated cardiac function and worsened pathological cardiac remodeling after MI. Our further results demonstrated that the reduced expression of LEC-S1pr1 did not influence macrophage infiltration in an early inflammatory phase of MI, but significantly affected macrophages clearance in the later phase of MI via afferent cardiac lymphatics, and thus influenced inflammatory responses and cardiac outcome after MI. Further study showed that S1P/S1pr1 activated ERK signaling pathway and enhanced CCL2 expression, which promoted macrophage trafficking in a paracrine manner. This study reveals that cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells tightly control macrophage trafficking via lymphatic vessels in injured hearts via S1P/S1pr1/ERK/CCL2 pathway and thus regulate post-MI immune modulation and heart repair. This study highlights the importance of cardiac lymphatic vessel system in orchestrating post-MI immune responses and cardiac remodeling by regulating macrophage transit in injured hearts. Our finding implies that a feasible modulation of S1pr1 signaling in LECs might provide a promising target to resolve excessive inflammation and to ameliorate adverse cardiac remodeling after MI.
Systemic immune-inflammation index as a potential biomarker of cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ye Zhen , Hu Tingyi , Wang Jin , Xiao Ruoyi , Liao Xibei , Liu Mengsi , Sun Zhen
Published: August 2022

Background

Several studies have investigated the value of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the results were inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted to assess the correlation between SII and risk of CVD.

Materials and methods

Two investigators systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and CINAHL databases to identify all studies that examined the association between SII levels and CVD. The risk estimates of CVD for people with high SII compared to those with low SII levels and the weighted mean difference (WMD) between the CVD and control groups were pooled using fixed- or random-effects models based on the heterogeneity test. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the risk of bias in eligible studies, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was applied to rate the certainty of evidence.

Results

A total of 13 studies with 152,996 participants were included for analysis. The overall pooled results showed that higher SII was significantly associated with an increased risk of CVD (HR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.20–1.61, P < 0.001). This increased risk could be observed in almost all CVD subtypes, including ischemic stroke (HR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.06–1.63, P = 0.013), hemorrhagic stroke (HR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.10–1.37, P < 0.001), myocardial infarction (HR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.01–1.23, P = 0.027), and peripheral arterial disease (HR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.18–1.93, P = 0.001). There were no significant but still similar trends in venous thrombosis (HR = 4.65, 95%CI: 0.66–32.71, P = 0.122), cerebral small vessel disease (HR = 1.09, 95%CI: 0.95–1.25, P = 0.233), and acute coronary syndrome (HR = 1.08, 95%CI: 0.96–1.22, P = 0.200). Furthermore, the pooled results showed that SII levels at the onset of CVD were significantly higher than that in the general population (WMD = 355.2, 95%CI: 234.8–475.6, P < 0.001), which was consistent across different CVD subtypes. The GRADE assessment suggested that the quality of current evidence from observational studies was low or very low.

Conclusion

This study indicated that SII may be a potential biomarker for CVD development and elevated SII is associated with an increased risk of CVD. However, the quality of evidence is generally low. Additional well-designed studies are necessary to determine the optimal cutoff value and to characterize the benefited population.
SGLT1/2 as the potential biomarkers of renal damage under Apoe−/− and chronic stress via the BP neural network model and support vector machine
Authors: Hu Gai-feng , Wang Xiang , Meng Ling-bing , Li Jian-yi , Xu Hong-xuan , Wu Di-shan , Shan Meng-jie , Chen Yu-hui , Xu Jia-pei , Gong Tao , Chen Zuoguan , Li Yong-jun , Liu De-ping
Published: August 2022

Background

Chronic stress (CS) could produce negative emotions. The molecular mechanism of SGLT1 and SGLT2 in kidney injury caused by chronic stress combined with atherosclerosis remains unclear.

Methods

In total, 60 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups, namely, control (CON, n = 15), control diet + chronic stress (CON+CS, n = 15), high-fat diet + Apoe−/− (HF + Apoe−/−, n = 15), and high-fat diet + Apoe−/− + chronic stress (HF+Apoe−/− + CS, n = 15) groups. The elevated plus maze and open field tests were performed to examine the effect of chronic stress. The expression of SGLT1 and SGLT2 in the kidney was detected. The support vector machine (SVM) and back propagation (BP) neural network model were constructed to explore the predictive value of the expression of SGLT1/2 on the renal pathological changes. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used.

Results

A chronic stress model and atherosclerosis model were constructed successfully. Edema, broken reticular fiber, and increased glycogen in the kidney would be obvious in the HF + Apoe−/− + CS group. Compared with the CON group, the expression of SGLT1/2 in the kidney was upregulated in the HF + Apoe−/− + CS group (P < 0.05). There existed positive correlations among edema, glycogen, reticular fiber, expression of SGLT1/2 in the kidney. There were higher sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of SGLT1/2 for edema, reticular fiber, and glycogen in the kidney. The result of the SVM and BP neural network model showed better predictive values of SGLT1 and SGLT2 for edema and glycogen in the kidney.

Conclusion

In conclusion, SGLT1/2 might be potential biomarkers of renal damage under Apoe−/− and chronic stress, which provided a potential research direction for future related explorations into this mechanism.
The underlying pathological mechanism of ferroptosis in the development of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Zhang Li-Li , Tang Rui-Jie , Yang Yue-Jin
Published: August 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been attracting the attention of academic society for decades. Numerous researchers contributed to figuring out the core mechanisms underlying CVDs. Among those, pathological decompensated cellular loss posed by cell death in different kinds, namely necrosis, apoptosis and necroptosis, was widely regarded to accelerate the pathological development of most heart diseases and deteriorate cardiac function. Recently, apart from programmed cell death revealed previously, ferroptosis, a brand-new cellular death identified by its ferrous-iron-dependent manner, has been demonstrated to govern the occurrence and development of different cardiovascular disorders in many types of research as well. Therefore, clarifying the regulatory function of ferroptosis is conducive to finding out strategies for cardio-protection in different conditions and improving the prognosis of CVDs. Here, molecular mechanisms concerned are summarized systematically and categorized to depict the regulatory network of ferroptosis and point out potential therapeutic targets for diverse cardiovascular disorders.
Fault locking of the Qilian–Haiyuan fault zone before the 2022 Menyuan Ms6.9 earthquake and its seismic hazards in the future
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhuang Wenquan , Ji Lingyun , Zhu Liangyu , Jiang Fengyun
Published: August 2022

By using GPS-derived velocities of 2015–2021 and a negative dislocation program, we inverted the locking degree and slip rate deficit in the Qilian–Haiyuan fault zone, and combined with the distribution of small earthquakes in the fault, we studied the characteristics before the 2022 Menyuan MS6.9 earthquake and analyzed the future seismic hazards of each segment within this fault zone. The regional crustal deformation pattern is discussed with regard to the fault slip rate and regional strain rate field. The preliminary results show that before the earthquake, the seismogenic fault was strong locked, with a high locking depth, the slip rate deficit was large, and the distribution of small earthquakes was relatively few, these characteristics are closely related to the occurrence of strong earthquakes, according to the aftershock relocation results, further, it is believed that the earthquake may link the Lenglongling and Tuolaishan faults into a large strike-slip fault. The Jinqianghe fault, the Lenglongling fault, and the eastern segment of the Tuolaishan fault are strongly locked, with high locking depth and large slip rate deficit, combined with the occurrence of small earthquakes and the locking degree before the 2022 Menyuan MS6.9 earthquake, indicate that the eastern segment of the Tuolaishan fault is highly likely to have strong earthquakes in the future, which requires further attention. In addition, the strike-slip rate of the Qilian–Haiyuan fault zone is mainly between 3.9 and 4.3 mm/yr, the overall movement of the fault is consistent, and the compressional rate gradually decreases from 2.9 mm/yr in the western segment to 1 mm/yr in the eastern segment; the fault compressional rate may be related to the crustal shortening (formation basin and uplift mountain). Therefore, the present-day crustal deformation in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is mainly distributed in the shortened region of the crust on the Qilian Shan area and left-lateral strike-slip localized on the Qilian–Haiyuan fault zone.
Joint inversion of earthquake-based horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio and phase velocity dispersion: Applications to Garner Valley
Authors: Mianshui Rong , Li-Yun Fu , Francisco José Sánchez-Sesma , Weijia Sun
Published: August 2022

Joint inversion of horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSRs) and dispersion curves (DCs) from seismic noise recordings has been extensively used to overcome the lack of inversion uniqueness in the noise-based HVSR (NHV) or DC inversions alone. Earthquake recordings contain information about the structural properties of sedimentary layers and provide body-wave data complementary to seismic noise recordings to estimate site velocity structures, particularly in the high-frequency band. We propose a joint inversion of the Rayleigh wave DC obtained from array measurements and earthquake-based HVSR (EHV). The EHV is derived from earthquake motions rather than from microtremors based on the diffuse-field theory of plane waves. We investigated the complementarity of EHV and surface-wave DC in the joint inversion through sensitivity analyses. The DC is sensitive to bedrock shear-wave velocities in the low-frequency range and is supplemented to some degree by the EHV in the high-frequency range. The EHV is more sensitive to sediment thicknesses almost over the entire frequency range. The joint inversion is implemented by a hybrid global optimization scheme that combines genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) to avoid premature convergence in the GA. The sensitivity of inversion parameters was tested to demonstrate that the P- and S-wave velocities and thicknesses of soil layers are the dominant parameters influencing EHV and DC responses. The proposed method was validated by using synthetic models to compare the joint inversion with EHV or DC inversions alone. The joint inversion was applied to the Garner Valley Downhole Array (GVDA) data for identifying the velocity structures of the site based on earthquake and noise observations. The inversion results for the P- and S-wave velocities and thicknesses of soil layers strongly suggest that the joint inversion is an efficient method to estimate site velocity structures.