bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Profile of Pregnant Women with Anemia Admitted at the Maternity Unit of the Health District Hospital of Keita, Tahoua from 2018 to 2020
Authors: Lawaly Maman Manzo , Ibrahim Minou , Boureima Karimou Harouna , Mayaki Zoubeirou Alzouma
Published: November 2023

Aims: The objective of this study is to provide data on the epidemiological profile of pregnant women aged 15-45 years with anemia in Keita department, Tahoua regional state of Niger republic.

Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2020, on pregnant women who attended antenatal care at the maternity unit of the health district of Keita. Structured questionnaire was used to retrieve data regarding pregnancy from the medical record files which are archived at the maternity unit and entered into Epi Info version 7.2.4.0 for further analysis.

Results: Of the 1571 registered pregnant women, 310 suffered from anemia, with the prevalence of 19.7%. The prevalence of the severity of anemia was 17.7% mild, 49.0% moderate, and 33.2% severe anemia. The mean age of the pregnant women with anemia was 25.3±6.97 years and most were at third trimester (53.5%). Out of 310 patients, 244(78.7%) were either illiterate or had primary education level. Most of them 262(84.5%) are housewives and only 2(0.7%) visited hospital for antenatal care more than four times. About 249(80.3%) were multigravida. 52(16.8%) deliveries were by cesarean section with a higher recourse to blood transfusion. Major maternal complications were postpartum hemorrhage (28.4%), abortion (31.9%), malaria (15.2%) and maternal deaths (5%). Neonatal outcome was analyzed in terms of stillbirth (9%) and neonatal deaths (7%).

Conclusion: Anemia in pregnancy is a real public health problem in Niger republic and was mild in severity in the study setting of Keita, especially during the third trimester. Pregnant women who were younger, housewives, illiterates, multiparous and multigravida constitute the most vulnerable segments of the population at risk of anemia. Therefore, further strengthening of the existing health care system through awareness and education on early and regular antenatal care visits for a positive pregnancy experience should be reinforced.
Challenges and Opportunities of Agricultural Cooperative Societies on Economic Sustainability of Rural Dwellers in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Ezekiel Ajayi Ibidolapo
Published: November 2023

The study ascertained the influence of agricultural cooperative society on economic sustainability of rural dwellers in Ekiti State, Nigeria while the specific objectives are examining socio-economic factors affecting participation of rural dwellers in agricultural cooperative society and determine the challenges of agricultural cooperatives towards the achievement economic sustainability of rural dwellers in Ekiti state, Nigeria. The population of the study comprise of 331 selected agricultural cooperative societies in four selected local governments in Ekiti State namely Ado Ekiti, Ikole Ekiti, Irepodun/Ifelodun and Oye Ekiti Local Government Area while the sample was 175 derived from Taro model using random sampling techniques. Data for the research was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics employed are specifically percentages and frequency tables and the inferential statistics used was multiple regression analysis. The result showed that socio-economic factors: funds for production (0.000), loan (0.000), infrastructures/storages (0.015) and challenges of agricultural cooperatives: subsidize (0.002), loans repayment (0.000). There is significant effect of agricultural cooperative society on economic sustainability of rural dwellers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study concluded that cooperative members lack sufficient funds for production due to the enormous sums of money involved, loans from government and private institutions as a result of the nation's current economic crisis, lack of opportunities for rural residents to sell their farm products.
Taxation in the Digital Age: An Examination of the Necessity, Feasibility, and Implications of Taxing Virtual Infrastructures
Authors: Adebiyi Olubukola Omolara
Published: November 2023

This research paper explores the feasibility, methods, and implications of taxing virtual infrastructures within the evolving digital landscape and economy; considering the proliferation of digital assets, online transactions, and virtual entities, the taxation of virtual infrastructures becomes imminent as an avenue for government to accumulate revenue for effective government administration. The paper examined the objectives of the study through primary data collected from 320 tax professionals and 297 IT experts to explore the impact of virtual infrastructure taxation on government revenues, the feasibility of taxation models, its effects on innovation and investment in the digital sector, and the challenges of cross-border tax strategies. Findings show that although taxation of virtual infrastructures significantly enhances government revenues, contributing to fiscal sustainability and the funding of public services and infrastructure projects, measures must be put in place to cushion the effect of such taxation on investment and innovation in the digital economy, as the taxation of virtual infrastructures were found to hamper investment and innovation significantly. Also, the implementation of modified traditional and emerging taxation models is shown to increase the feasibility of taxing virtual infrastructures, offering opportunities to enhance government revenues while fostering digital innovation. Data analysis, including Pearson correlation and linear regression methods, was employed to assess the relationships between the variables. Moreover, cross-border tax strategies are found to have negative implications for the taxation of virtual infrastructures, including profit shifting, transfer pricing, and competition among countries to attract digital firms. International cooperation and comprehensive tax reforms are suggested to address these challenges and ensure equitable tax contributions. The study underscores the significance of global collaboration in addressing cross-border taxation challenges and recommends the integration of modern tools and technologies to streamline tax processes while developing modified tax methodologies and policies that suit the digital economy.
Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships among Jatropha curcas L. Genotypes from Eastern India
Authors: Singh Sanjay , Singh Priyamvada
Published: November 2023

Genetic diversity and relationships among 31 genotypes collected from wide geographical range in eastern India was studied employing Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. 19 markers (identified out of 25) produced 139 band in total. Off these 139 bands, 131 bands were polymorphic exhibiting a high polymorphism of 94.24%. Similarity indices estimated on the basis of RAPD primers ranged widely from 0.44 to 0.83 which suggests that these accessions represent genetically diverse population possibly due to predominance of cross pollination and seed source variability. Genotyping data obtained for RAPD primer across collected accessions were used to generate the UPGMA - based phylogenetic tree which shows two major clusters. The cluster I consisted of 16 genotypes from two states Jharkhand and Odisha (Chotanagpur and Eastern plateau region) while 15 accessions from West Bengal and Bihar (Indo Gangetic plains region) were grouped together in the Cluster II. This clear alignment of accessions into two different clusters as per geographical regions was probably due to different growing conditions in two clusters.
Agro-Climatic Indices, Plant Growth and Yield of Bt Cotton as Influenced by Planting Time and Spacing
Authors: Godara Mohit , Khichar M. L. , Kamboj Mohit , Bharti Rahul Raj , Neeraj  , Sharma Amit
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was conducted in kharif season 2020 to study the effect of sowing time and row spacing on growth, yield and agro-climatic indices of Cotton at Research Farm, Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was performed in split-plot design and replicated thrice. The experiment included nine treatment combinations with three sowing dates and row spacings. Among different sowing times, cotton sown on 19th April had significantly higher plant height (176.3 cm), dry matter accumulation (453.39 g plant-1), LAI (1.92), GDD (Growing Degree Days), HTU (Heliothermal Units), PTU (Photothermal Units) and seed cotton yield (3057 kg ha-1) in comparison to sowing in May i.e. May 8th and May 28th. Among various row spacings, cotton planted with a row spacing of 67.5 cm x 60 cm produced significantly higher seed cotton (2657 kg ha-1) and plant height (156.40 cm), although growth parameters i.e. LAI (2.26) and dry matter accumulation (397.92 g plant-1) alongwith Agro-climatic indices (GDD, HTU, PTU) were observed to be greater with a row spacing of 100 x 60 cm.
Study on Economic Analysis of Cost and Return of Rabi Maize (Zea mays L) in Rajasthan, India
Authors: Yadav Anju , Burark S. S. , Yadav Lal Chand , Garhwal J. M.
Published: November 2023

The present study was conducted to analyze the cost and return of rabi maize in Banswara district of Rajasthan. The study area was selected on the basis of highest gross cropped area of rabi maize in study area. A sample of 120 farmers were selected randomly in the study area during the year 2020-21. Farmers were categorized into two categories i.e., beneficiary (canal irrigation) and non- beneficiary (other than canal irrigation) farms. The standard cost concept method of the CACP was used to calculate cost of cultivation of maize crop. Results revealed that overall cost of cultivation was found ₹37573.98 and ₹37857.86on beneficiary and non- beneficiary farms, respectively. Overall net return was found more on beneficiary compared to non- beneficiary farms. Return per rupee was found more on beneficiary farms compare to non- beneficiary farms i.e., 2.15 and 1.92, respectively.
Big Data in Information Systems: A Review
Authors: Patel Hrishitva
Published: November 2023

The emergence of big data has brought about a significant transformation in the domain of Information Systems, presenting academics and companies with unparalleled prospects and complexities. This abstract examines the potential risks and benefits associated with conducting research in a dynamic and fast growing field. The field of Information Systems is characterized by the significant potential of big data research to bring about transformative effects on various sectors and societies. However, this promising development also gives rise to apprehensions surrounding issues of privacy, ethics, and data security. The potential benefits of big data research are many and varied. First and foremost, this technology offers the potential to extract practical and applicable knowledge from extensive and varied collections of data. This, in turn, facilitates decision-making based on data, fosters innovation, and enhances effectiveness across multiple industries. Furthermore, it enables the progression of cutting-edge technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, which possess the capacity to propel substantial improvements in the field of Information Systems. In conclusion, the utilization of big data research has the potential to augment our comprehension of intricate phenomena, facilitate predictive analytics, and stimulate the advancement of tailored services, consequently amplifying user experiences. Nevertheless, the potential risks associated with conducting big data research are equally substantial. The rapid expansion of data gathering and analysis has given rise to apprehensions regarding the protection of data privacy, security, and ownership. Academic researchers are confronted with the task of effectively addressing ethical quandaries pertaining to the acquisition and utilization of sensitive personal data. Furthermore, it is imperative to carefully contemplate the significant concern around algorithmic bias and discrimination in the context of data-driven decision-making. Furthermore, the considerable quantity and intricate nature of data provide obstacles in relation to the quality of data, the administration of data, and the ability to scale.
Post-Streptococcal Nummular Keratitis: A New Clinical Entity
Authors: Iferkhass Said , Mhadi Mohcine El
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Pot-streptococcal nummular keratitis is an interstitial keratitis characterized by large infiltrates in the cornea. Its mechanism is probably immuno-allergic.

Patients and Methods: We report the first three cases of nummular keratitis related to a post-streptococcal infectious disease and we describe its clinical and tomographic aspect.

Results: This is a new clinical entity, characterized by multiple rounded, whitish lesions 0.5 to 3 mm in diameter, located in the stroma. These plaques are made of small infiltrates arranged radially giving a “spoke wheel” appearance. With time, these infiltrates having a greater tendency to confluence and the plaques take on a “currency” appearance resembling those described by “Demmer”. Corneal sensitivity is preserved. Corneal optical coherence tomography (OCT) shows hyper-reflective lesions occupying the entire thickness of the stroma, with a "flying saucer" appearance respecting the corneal epithelium and endothelium with a tendency to confluence, particularly in the anterior stroma.

Discussion: This keratitis can be unilateral or bilateral and associated with an inflammatory syndrome, a high titer of ASLO, and a streptococcal infection.

Conclusion: Ophthalmologists faced with idiopathic nummular keratitis should consider post-streptococcal syndrome as a possible cause. A search for an increasing titer of ASLO and streptococcal infectious evidence establishes this association.
Docetaxel-Induced Bilateral Cystoid Macular Edema with a Low Cumulative Dose: A Case Report
Authors: Iferkhass Said , Mhadi Mohcine El
Published: November 2023

Docetaxel and paclitaxel are taxanes. They are widely used chemotherapeutic agents that have been shown to be effective for various types of solid malignancies. Docetaxel-related bilateral toxic cystoid macular edema (T-CME) has been reported as a rare and unusual adverse reaction. We report a case of 43-year women treated for breast cancer with docetaxel and developed T-CME. She was treated with two cycles of Docetaxel 150 mg, Pertuzumab 420 mg and Trastuzumab 360mg. Three days after 2nd cycle she complained of diminution of vision. Her both eye visual acuity was 20/200. Fundus examination showed macular edema which was confirmed with SD-OCT and fluorescein angiography. After fourth cycle Docetaxel was stopped by treating physician. CME was completely resolved by three months. Several studies suggest that a cumulative dose seems necessary for the onset of the toxic effect of this drug. To our knowledge, we report the first case of Docetaxel-induced T-CME occurring within less than 1 month, with a very low cumulative dose. This suggests that no cumulative dose is needed for macular edema to appear.
Using the Functional Comorbidity Index with administrative workers’ compensation data: Utility, validity, and caveats
Authors: Sears Jeanne M. , Rundell Sean D. , Fulton‐Kehoe Deborah , Hogg‐Johnson Sheilah , Franklin Gary M.
Published: November 2023

Background

Chronic health conditions impact worker outcomes but are challenging to measure using administrative workers’ compensation (WC) data. The Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI) was developed to predict functional outcomes in community‐based adult populations, but has not been validated for WC settings. We assessed a WC‐based FCI (additive index of 18 conditions) for identifying chronic conditions and predicting work outcomes.

Methods

WC data were linked to a prospective survey in Ohio (N = 512) and Washington (N = 2,839). Workers were interviewed 6 weeks and 6 months after work‐related injury. Observed prevalence and concordance were calculated; survey data provided the reference standard for WC data. Predictive validity and utility for control of confounding were assessed using 6‐month work‐related outcomes.

Results

The WC‐based FCI had high specificity but low sensitivity and was weakly associated with work‐related outcomes. The survey‐based FCI suggested more comorbidity in the Ohio sample (Ohio mean = 1.38; Washington mean = 1.14), whereas the WC‐based FCI suggested more comorbidity in the Washington sample (Ohio mean = 0.10; Washington mean = 0.33). In the confounding assessment, adding the survey‐based FCI to the base model moved the state effect estimates slightly toward null (<1% change). However, substituting the WC‐based FCI moved the estimate away from null (8.95% change).

Conclusions

The WC‐based FCI may be useful for identifying specific subsets of workers with chronic conditions, but less useful for chronic condition prevalence. Using the WC‐based FCI cross‐state appeared to introduce substantial confounding. We strongly advise caution—including state‐specific analyses with a reliable reference standard—before using a WC‐based FCI in studies involving multiple states.
What is an academic leader?
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: November 2023

As 2023 comes to an end, I call for us to reflect on this year and consider the next. Over the past several months, we’ve looked at the leadership of Elvis, NFL Jaguar's quarterback Trevor Lawrence, the Supreme Court, lifelong friends, and politicians. But now I think it's time for us to remember who we are as leaders. We are academic leaders.
The content audit: A high‐level overview of an important exercise
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: November 2023

This year, I’ve performed content audits for a number of agency and institutional clients, each project different in size and scope than the next. Some entailed sprawling spreadsheets, rating and reviewing thousands of pages on various criteria. Others were on the leaner side, delivering high‐level reports that analyzed a cross‐section of pages in key sections.
Yale modifies mental health policies
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: November 2023

A Connecticut federal court has approved a settlement agreement between Yale University and Elis For Rachael, Inc., a Connecticut corporation, and individual Yale students and alumni, which includes changes in the mental health policies of Yale College and training. Elis For Rachael, Inc., et al. v. Yale University, et al., Case No. 3:22‐ cv‐01517‐MPS (D. Conn. Aug. 28, 2023).
The in vitro cytotoxic effects of natural (fibrous epsomite crystals) and synthetic (Epsom salt) magnesium sulfate
Authors: Salucci Sara , Giordani Matteo , Betti Michele , Valentini Laura , Gobbi Pietro , Mattioli Michele
Published: November 2023

Exposure to mineral fibers represents an occupational and environmental hazard since particulate inhalation leads to several health disorders. However, few data are available on the effect of fibers with high solubility like natural epsomite, a water‐soluble fiber with an inhalable size that allows it to penetrate biological systems, with regard to the respiratory tract. This study evaluated the natural (fibrous epsomite) and synthetic (Epsom salt) magnesium sulfate pathogenicity. Investigations have been performed through morpho‐functional and biochemical analyses, in an in vitro cell model that usually grows as monocytes, but that under appropriate conditions differentiates into macrophages. These latter, known as alveolar macrophages, if referred to lungs, represent the first line of defense against harmful inhaled stimuli. Morphological observations reveal that, if Epsom salt induces osmotic stress on cell culture, natural epsomite fibers lead to cellular alterations including thickening of the nuclear envelope and degenerated mitochondria. Moreover, the insoluble fraction (impurities) internalized by cells induces diffuse damage characterized at the highest dosage and exposure time by secondary necrosis or necrotic cell death features. Biochemical analyses confirm this mineral behavior that involves MAPK pathway activation, resulting in many different cellular responses ranging from proliferation control to cell death. Epsom salt leads to MAPK/ERK activation, a marker predictive of overall survival. Unlike, natural epsomite induces upregulation of MAPK/p38 protein involved in the phosphorylation of downstream targets driving necrotic cell death. These findings demonstrate natural epsomite toxicity on U937 cell culture, making the inhalation of these fibers potentially hazardous for human health.

Research Highlights

Natural epsomite and synthetic Epsom salt effects have been evaluated in U937 cell model.

Epsom salt induces an osmotic cellular stress.

Natural epsomite fibers lead to cellular damage and can be considered potentially dangerous for human health.
Recent Developments in Speeding up Prostate MRI
Authors: Mir Nida , Fransen Stefan J. , Wolterink Jelmer M. , Fütterer Jurgen J. , Simonis Frank F.J.
Published: November 2023

The increasing incidence of prostate cancer cases worldwide has led to a tremendous demand for multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). In order to relieve the pressure on healthcare, reducing mpMRI scan time is necessary. This review focuses on recent techniques proposed for faster mpMRI acquisition, specifically shortening T2W and DWI sequences while adhering to the PI‐RADS (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System) guidelines. Speeding up techniques in the reviewed studies rely on more efficient sampling of data, ranging from the acquisition of fewer averages or b‐values to adjustment of the pulse sequence. Novel acquisition methods based on undersampling techniques are often followed by suitable reconstruction methods typically incorporating synthetic priori information. These reconstruction methods often use artificial intelligence for various tasks such as denoising, artifact correction, improvement of image quality, and in the case of DWI, for the generation of synthetic high b‐value images or apparent diffusion coefficient maps. Reduction of mpMRI scan time is possible, but it is crucial to maintain diagnostic quality, confirmed through radiological evaluation, to integrate the proposed methods into the standard mpMRI protocol. Additionally, before clinical integration, prospective studies are recommended to validate undersampling techniques to avoid potentially inaccurate results demonstrated by retrospective analysis. This review provides an overview of recently proposed techniques, discussing their implementation, advantages, disadvantages, and diagnostic performance according to PI‐RADS guidelines compared to conventional methods.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale in a nurse population
Authors: Seo Jisu , Hong Hye Chong , Min Haeyoung , Park Chang , Son Sungtaek , Min Ari
Published: November 2023

Presenteeism, which refers to going to work despite being ill, has been associated with loss of work productivity, decreased quality of care, and an increased risk of health problems. The prevalence of presenteeism is particularly high among nurses; therefore, a reliable and valid tool is needed to assess presenteeism. This study aimed to translate the Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS) and to examine its psychometric properties in a Korean nurse population. A methodological study was performed in January 2023. The original SPS‐6 (English‐language) was translated and adapted to the Korean language using a committee approach translation, cognitive interviews, and content validation with a review panel of experts. An online survey was completed by 608 Korean nurses. The internal consistency, item‐to‐total correlation, construct validity, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity were examined as psychometric properties of the Korean version of the SPS. The final version of the K‐SPS consists of four items shortened from the original six items. Cronbach's alpha of the K‐SPS‐4 was 0.74, indicating adequate reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a one‐factor solution with a good fit. There was a positive correlation between the K‐SPS‐4 and the Work Limitations Questionnaire. Discriminant validity was evidenced by the positive correlation of the K‐SPS‐4 with job satisfaction and the negative correlation with job stress. The K‐SPS‐4 has acceptable psychometric properties, supporting the feasibility of its use in assessing the level of presenteeism among Korean nurses. The validated K‐SPS‐4 can provide a basis for developing intervention programs to enhance productivity and promote health among nurses in clinical settings.
Multifunctional epoxy/carbon composites with a fully reparable interface
Authors: Simonini L. , Canale R. , Mahmood H. , Dorigato A. , Pegoretti A.
Published: November 2023

In this work, for the first time, carbon fibers (CFs) were coated with nanosized‐polycaprolactone (PCL) particles to obtain a functionalized self‐healable interphase, capable to fully recover the pristine interfacial shear strength with a debonded epoxy matrix. PCL nanoparticles were initially water‐dispersed at different concentrations and deposited on CFs by electrophoretic deposition. The application of various voltage levels resulted in different morphologies of the coating. Epoxy microdroplets were deposited and cured on neat and PCL‐coated fibers. After complete interfacial debonding by microdebonding tests, an electric current was applied on CFs to activate a thermal interfacial healing by Joule effect. The healing efficiency was estimated as the ratio of interfacial shear strength measured before and after healing. An outstanding repairing efficiency was obtained upon thermal mending with a complete recovery of the original interfacial shear strength, thus indicating a strong potential of the PCL nanocoating as interfacial healing agent for composite structures.

Highlights

CFs were coated with nanosized‐PCL particles to obtain a functionalized self‐healable interphase.

Electrophoretic deposition was employed for the fiber coating.

Microdebonding tests were performed to assess the fiber/matrix interfacial properties in terms of interfacial shear strength.

A full recovery of the interfacial properties was obtained via thermal interfacial healing by Joule effect.
Experimental and application of waste rubber low‐temperature green regeneration through ultrasound‐assisted method
Authors: Cheng Yaohua , Liu Qiong , Wang Qianting
Published: November 2023

Combining a traditional mixer and a custom‐built ultrasonic generator, low‐temperature green regeneration of waste rubber was realized. Through orthogonal experiments, the optimal process parameters for the low‐temperature green regeneration through the ultrasound‐assisted (LTGRTUA) method were explored. Results showed that the self‐developed reclaimed rubber exhibited the best performance under the following conditions: rotor speed of 70 rpm, regeneration temperature of 85°C, ultrasonic power of 700 W, and ultrasonic loading time of 240 s. Additionally, the bond‐breaking types of the reclaimed rubber were evaluated through the measurements of sol fraction and desulfurization rate, as well as by using the Horikx curve. The self‐developed reclaimed rubber showed better retention of the main chain structure of waste rubber compared to the commercially reclaimed rubber which was prepared by the traditional vulcanization tank high‐temperature regeneration (TVTHTR) method. Moreover, blending experiments were conducted, in which different proportions of the reclaimed rubber replaced natural rubber (NR) for the purpose of producing tread rubber for radial tires. Performance tests of the final products revealed that the self‐developed reclaimed rubber performed better than commercially reclaimed rubber, which provides an effective basis for the subsequent industrial application and promotion.

Highlights

Low‐temperature green regeneration of waste rubber was realized by the LTGRTUA method.

The main chain structure of waste rubber is well preserved by the LTGRTUA method.

The self‐developed reclaimed rubber has better properties and industrial application prospects.
The enigmatic HCN channels: A cellular neurophysiology perspective
Authors: Mishra Poonam , Narayanan Rishikesh
Published: November 2023

What physiological role does a slow hyperpolarization‐activated ion channel with mixed cation selectivity play in the fast world of neuronal action potentials that are driven by depolarization? That puzzling question has piqued the curiosity of physiology enthusiasts about the hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) channels, which are widely expressed across the body and especially in neurons. In this review, we emphasize the need to assess HCN channels from the perspective of how they respond to time‐varying signals, while also accounting for their interactions with other co‐expressing channels and receptors. First, we illustrate how the unique structural and functional characteristics of HCN channels allow them to mediate a slow negative feedback loop in the neurons that they express in. We present the several physiological implications of this negative feedback loop to neuronal response characteristics including neuronal gain, voltage sag and rebound, temporal summation, membrane potential resonance, inductive phase lead, spike triggered average, and coincidence detection. Next, we argue that the overall impact of HCN channels on neuronal physiology critically relies on their interactions with other co‐expressing channels and receptors. Interactions with other channels allow HCN channels to mediate intrinsic oscillations, earning them the “pacemaker channel” moniker, and to regulate spike frequency adaptation, plateau potentials, neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals, and spike initiation at the axonal initial segment. We also explore the impact of spatially non‐homogeneous subcellular distributions of HCN channels in different neuronal subtypes and their interactions with other channels and receptors. Finally, we discuss how plasticity in HCN channels is widely prevalent and can mediate different encoding, homeostatic, and neuroprotective functions in a neuron. In summary, we argue that HCN channels form an important class of channels that mediate a diversity of neuronal functions owing to their unique gating kinetics that made them a puzzle in the first place.
Dihydroartemisinin inhibits melanoma migration and metastasis by affecting angiogenesis
Authors: Li Zhaoxiang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xinyuan , Jin Quanxin , Yue Qi , Li Na , Liu Huan , Fujimoto Manabu , Jin Guihua
Published: November 2023

Tumor angiogenesis is critical for tumor metastasis by providing oxygen, nutrients, and metastatic pathways. As a potential anti‐angiogenic agent, Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) can effectively inhibit tumor metastasis. However, the mechanism how it regulates angiogenesis to affect tumor metastasis has not been fully clarified. To investigate the mechanisms of how DHA regulates melanoma progression. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the correlation between angiogenesis and melanoma metastasis. Then, B16F10, A375, HUVECs and mouse metastasis models were adapted to clarify the inhibition of DHA in melanoma. GESA analysis revealed melanoma metastasis significantly positive correlated with angiogenesis. Meanwhile, DHA significantly decreased melanoma nodules and lung wet weight in metastatic tumor mice, and inhibited the expression of the angiogenic marker CD31 in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, DHA inhibited the expression of the angiogenic signal molecule VEGFR2 in A375 and B16F10 cells, and significantly suppressed the formation of their tubular structures. DHA‐treated supernatants significantly inhibited the tubule‐forming ability as well as lateral and longitudinal migration ability of HUVECs compared with untreated melanoma cell supernatants. Screening yielded the angiogenic pathways HIF‐1α/VEGF, PI3K/ATK/mTOR associated with melanoma metastasis, and DHA may inhibit tumor metastasis by inhibiting these angiogenic pathways in melanoma cells to inhibit tumor metastasis. Further non‐targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that DHA‐treated model mice produced differential metabolites that were also associated with angiogenic pathways. DHA inhibits melanoma invasion and metastasis by mediating angiogenesis. These results have important implications for the potential use of DHA in treatment of melanoma.
Age is not a number when it comes to penile prosthesis surgery: A case series and mini literature review
Authors: Slovacek Hannah , Khalafalla Kareim , Wang Run
Published: November 2023

Backgound

Given the overall aging of the population, erectile dysfunction (ED) has become an increasingly relevant issue. When elective surgery is offered, the patient's age is often noted as a potential limiting factor. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety of implanting penile prostheses (PPs) in men 90 years and older, and report the potential complications associated with this population.

Methods

The database was screened between the years 2003 and 2023 to identify patients at least 90 years and older who underwent implantation of PP by a single surgeon at MD Anderson Cancer Center and Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center. We collected demographic information, their anesthesia perioperative assessment, surgical procedure details, and postoperative pathway.

Results

Between 2003 and 2023, 2000 men underwent PP surgery. Three patients were 90 years or older at the time of PP surgeries. All surgeries were performed without intraoperative or postoperative complications. Following the surgery, patients were monitored, and the patients with implantations demonstrated the ability to use the device and reported satisfaction.

Conclusion

This case series demonstrates that implantation of PP is a safe and effective treatment for elderly men with ED. Maintaining a satisfactory sexual life in this age group is vital and achievable through inflatable PP insertion. There are several factors that must be considered prior to operating on an older patient. However, with proper patient selection and preoperative optimization, this operation can be effectively performed in these patients.
A closer look at isodoublet vector leptoquark solution to the $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$ anomaly
Authors: Iguro Syuhei , Omura Yuji
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We discuss a model with a SU(2)L doublet vector leptoquark (LQ), motivated by the recent experimental results relating to the lepton universality of $$ \overline{B} $$

B
¯

→ D(*)$$ \tau {\overline{\nu}}_{\tau } $$
τ

ν
¯

τ

. We find that scalar operators predicted by the LQ are favored to explain the deviations, taking into account the recent LHCb result. We investigate the extensive phenomenology of the model and conclude that Bs → $$ \tau \overline{\tau} $$
τ

τ
¯

, B → $$ K\tau \overline{\tau} $$
Kτ

τ
¯

, Bu → $$ \tau {\overline{\nu}}_{\tau } $$
τ

ν
¯

τ

and high-pT di-τ lepton signatures at the LHC will probe the interesting parameter region in the near future.
Deconstructed hypercharge: a natural model of flavour
Authors: Davighi Joe , Stefanek Ben A.
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The flavour puzzle is one of the greatest mysteries in particle physics. A ‘flavour deconstruction’ of the electroweak gauge symmetry, by promoting at least part of it to the product of a third family factor (under which the Higgs is charged) times a light family factor, allows one to address the flavour puzzle at a low scale due to accidentally realised U(2)5 flavour symmetries. The unavoidable consequence is new heavy gauge bosons with direct couplings to the Higgs, threatening the stability of the electroweak scale. In this work, we propose a UV complete model of flavour based on deconstructing only hypercharge. We find that the model satisfies finite naturalness criteria, benefiting from the smallness of the hypercharge gauge coupling in controlling radiative Higgs mass corrections and passing phenomenological bounds. Our setup allows one to begin explaining flavour at the TeV scale, while dynamics solving the large hierarchy problem can lie at a higher scale up to around 10 TeV — without worsening the unavoidable little hierarchy problem. The low-energy phenomenology of the model is dominated by a single Z′ gauge boson with chiral and flavour non-universal couplings, with mass as light as a few TeV thanks to the U(2)5 symmetry. The natural parameter space of the model will be probed by the HL-LHC and unavoidably leads to large positive shifts in the W-boson mass, as well as an enhancement in $$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
(Bs,d → μ+μ−). Finally, we show that a future electroweak precision machine such as FCC-ee easily has the reach to fully exclude the model.
Zero utility principles coinciding on binary risks
Authors: Chudziak Jacek , Chudziak Małgorzata
Published: November 2023

It is known that the zero utility principle under Cumulative Prospect Theory can be uniquely extended from the family of all ternary risks. On the other hand, the extension from the family of all binary risks need not be unique. We establish a characterization of those zero utility principles which coincide on the family of binary risks. The characterization is expressed in terms of relations between the systems of generators of the principles.
Interkulturelle Adaptation der PUKSoPC in deutscher Sprache
Authors: Stopic V. , Rizos A. , Simpson J. , Eccles F. J. R. , Dembek T. A. , Barbe M. T. , Sauerbier A.
Published: November 2023

Hintergrund

Die gefühlte Kontrolle von Menschen mit Parkinson-Erkrankung spielt eine große Rolle für ihre Lebensqualität. Simpson et al. entwickelten eine für die Parkinson-Erkrankung spezifische Skala der gefühlten Kontrolle namens Parkinson’s UK Scale of Perceived Control (PUKSoPC). Wir stellen in dieser Arbeit eine interkulturell adaptierte deutsche Übersetzung der englischen Originalversion vor.

Methoden

Nach Zustimmung der Originalautoren wurde ein international etabliertes Prozedere für die interkulturelle Adaptation eingesetzt. Die englischsprachige Originalversion wurde unabhängig von zwei bilingualen Neurowissenschaftlern übersetzt und anschließend von beiden eine Konsensusversion gebildet. Diese wurde an 10 Parkinson-Patientinnen und -Patienten getestet und von zwei weiteren Neurowissenschaftlern unabhängig in die englische Sprache rückübersetzt. Nach Bildung einer Konsensusversion wurde diese englische Version von allen vier Übersetzern mit der Originalversion verglichen. Differenzen zwischen den Versionen resultierten in Modifikationen der deutschen Übersetzung, sodass die Rückübersetzung möglichst genau dem Original entsprach. Die finale Version wurde von zwei der Originalautoren genehmigt und an 50 Parkinson-Patientinnen und -Patienten klinisch getestet.

Ergebnisse

Im Rahmen des Übersetzungsprozesses einigten sich die vier Übersetzer auf eine kulturell adaptierte deutsche Fassung der PUKSoPC. Bei der Testung der finalen Version an 50 Parkinson-Patientinnen und -Patienten zeigten sich keine sprachlichen oder inhaltlichen Probleme.

Diskussion

Die vorgestellte, sprachlich validierte deutsche Version der PUKSoPC steht nun zur Erhebung der gefühlten Kontrolle von Parkinson-Patientinnen und -Patienten in Forschung und klinischem Alltag zur Verfügung.
Identification of QTLs for resistance to 10 pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica oleracea cultivar ECD11 through genotyping-by-sequencing
Authors: Karim Md. Masud , Yu Fengqun
Published: November 2023

Key message

Two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and five minor QTLs for 10 pathotypes were identified on chromosomes C01, C03, C04 and C08 through genotyping-by-sequencing from Brassica oleracea.

Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is an important disease in brassica crops. Managing clubroot disease of canola on the Canadian prairie is challenging due to the continuous emergence of new pathotypes. Brassica oleracea is considered a major source of quantitative resistance to clubroot. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was performed in the parental lines; T010000DH3 (susceptible), ECD11 (resistant) and 124 BC1 plants. A total of 4769 high-quality polymorphic SNP loci were obtained and distributed on 9 chromosomes of B. oleracea. Evaluation of 124 BC1S1 lines for resistance to 10 pathotypes: 3A, 2B, 5C, 3D, 5G, 3H, 8J, 5K, 5L and 3O of P. brassicae, was carried out. Seven QTLs, 5 originating from ECD11 and 2 from T010000DH3, were detected. One major QTL designated as Rcr_C03-1 on C03 contributed 16.0–65.6% of phenotypic variation explained (PVE) for 8 pathotypes: 2B, 5C, 5G, 3H, 8J, 5K, 5L and 3O. Another major QTL designated as Rcr_C08-1 on C08 contributed 8.3 and 23.5% PVE for resistance to 8J and 5K, respectively. Five minor QTLs designated as Rcr_C01-1, Rcr_C03-2, Rcr_C03-3, Rcr_C04-1 and Rcr_C08-2 were detected on chromosomes C01, C03, C04 and C08 that contributed 8.3–23.5% PVE for 5 pathotypes each of 3A, 2B, 3D, 8J and 5K. There were 1, 10 and 4 genes encoding TIR-NBS-LRR/CC-NBS-LRR class disease resistance proteins in the Rcr_C01-1, Rcr_C03-1 and Rcr_C08-1 flanking regions. The syntenic regions of the two major QTLs Rcr_C03-1 and Rcr_C08-1 in the B. rapa genome ‘Chiifu’ were searched.
Terrestrial reference frames and their internal accuracy at coordinate system level
Authors: Kotsakis Christopher , Chatzinikos Miltiadis
Published: November 2023

The accuracy assessment of terrestrial reference frames (TRFs) at coordinate system level is a key task to ensure their successful use in Earth studies, satellite navigation and other geodetic positioning applications. Currently, the TRF quality specifications for the most demanding users dictate that the origin, orientation and scale should be determined at an accuracy level of 1 mm, and they should remain stable over time at a rate of 0.1 mm/yr. To evaluate the conformity of the internal accuracy of modern TRFs to such requirements, an appropriate mapping is needed to convert frame coordinate errors (and their CV matrix) in a terrestrial network to matching errors (and their CV matrix) in the realized coordinate system. Several projection schemes may be considered for this mapping problem, all of which aim at extracting the correlated part of the estimation error in TRF coordinates that is describable by small random perturbations in their coordinate system. The goal of the present paper is to investigate the inference problem of frame accuracy at coordinate system level, and to discuss not only the theoretical aspects of the required covariance projectors, but also the practical impact on the results obtained by their implementation in space geodetic solutions. For this purpose, a relevant case study is performed to evaluate the accuracy of the realized origin, orientation and scale in the ITRF frame series based on the formal CV matrices for their estimated positions and velocities in the four technique subnetworks (DORIS, SLR, VLBI, GNSS).
Functions with Bounded Hessian–Schatten Variation: Density, Variational, and Extremality Properties
Authors: Ambrosio Luigi , Brena Camillo , Conti Sergio
Published: November 2023

In this paper we analyze in detail a few questions related to the theory of functions with bounded p-Hessian–Schatten total variation, which are relevant in connection with the theory of inverse problems and machine learning. We prove an optimal density result, relative to the p-Hessian–Schatten total variation, of continuous piecewise linear (CPWL) functions in any space dimension d, using a construction based on a mesh whose local orientation is adapted to the function to be approximated. We show that not all extremal functions with respect to the p-Hessian–Schatten total variation are CPWL. Finally, we prove the existence of minimizers of certain relevant functionals involving the p-Hessian–Schatten total variation in the critical dimension $$d=2$$

d
=
2

.
The Good pH probe: non-invasive pH in-line monitoring using Good buffers and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Müller David Heinrich , Börger Marieke , Thien Julia , Koß Hans-Jürgen
Published: November 2023

In bioprocesses, the pH value is a critical process parameter that requires monitoring and control. For pH monitoring, potentiometric methods such as pH electrodes are state of the art. However, they are invasive and show measurement value drift. Spectroscopic pH monitoring is a non-invasive alternative to potentiometric methods avoiding this measurement value drift. In this study, we developed the Good pH probe, which is an approach for spectroscopic pH monitoring in bioprocesses with an effective working range between pH 6 and pH 8 that does not require the estimation of activity coefficients. The Good pH probe combines for the first time the Good buffer 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) as pH indicator with Raman spectroscopy as spectroscopic technique, and Indirect Hard Modeling (IHM) for the spectral evaluation. During a detailed characterization, we proved that the Good pH probe is reversible, exhibits no temperature dependence between 15 and 40 °C, has low sensitivity to the ionic strength up to 1100 mM, and is applicable in more complex systems, in which other components significantly superimpose the spectral features of MOPS. Finally, the Good pH probe was successfully used for non-invasive pH in-line monitoring during an industrially relevant enzyme-catalyzed reaction with a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.04 pH levels. Thus, the Good pH probe extends the list of critical process parameters monitorable using Raman spectroscopy and IHM by the pH value.

Graphical abstract