bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The rheology of cement pastes and fresh mortars
Authors: Nessim A. A. , Wajda R. L.
Published: July 2012

Summary

In this paper a study of the behaviour of neat cement pastes and fresh cement mortars under shear in a rotational viscometer, especially designed for this purpose, is described. It is shown that a considerable structural breakdown occurs in the cement paste under the shearing action and a comparison between the results obtained from the viscometer and those associated with the compaction of concrete under vibration seems to suggest that a breakdown under shear does take place during the vibration of concrete. It is also shown that the rate of energy input to the paste is not constant, and the effect of this on the Vebe test is discussed. A method of measuring the workability of cement pastes and mortars is presented.
A note on a possible basis for a new method of ultimate load design of reinforced concrete slabs
Authors: Taylor R.
Published: July 2012

Summary

Because of tensile membrane action, reinforced concrete slabs can sustain loads far in excess of the ultimate load calculated by the yield-line theory. To take advantage of this, it is necessary to establish de flexion criteria for ultimate load conditions and to develop a method of calculating the corresponding load-carrying capacity. Such a method is proposed, and the possible advantages are indicated.
The volume expansion of hardened cement paste due to the presence of “dead-burnt” CaO
Authors: Chatterji S. , Jeffery J. W.
Published: July 2012

Summary

A detailed mechanism is put forward, based on new microscopic and electron-optical evidence, to explain the volume expansion of hardened cement paste due to the presence of dead-burnt CaO. It is shown that CaO first forms colloidal Ca(OH)2 and that subsequently these colloidal crystallites recrystallize to macro-crystals. During their growth from supersaturated solution, these secondary Ca(OH)2 crystals will develop a thrust against the constraining cement paste, thereby causing expansion. This process isfurther helped by the elongated habit of the secondary Ca(OH)2 crystals. The present results and those of other workers are discussed in the light of this and other hypotheses.
A radio-active method for measuring variations in density in concrete cores, cubes and beams
Authors: Harland D. G.
Published: July 2012

Summary

The paper describes an apparatus for measuring the variation of density along cores and beams of concrete. The variation of density is determined by measuring the change in the absorption of gamma radiation. The gamma rays emanate from a one millicurie source of caesium 137 and are detected by a scintillation counter. This is connected to a rate-meter and chart-recorder which continuously display the intensity of radiation transmitted as the sample traverses along its depth dimension through the gamma beam. The I'ariation in the intensity of the transmitted radiation is translated into density variations by a suitable calculation. Attention is drawn to the need to retain, for each type of specimen, the same source-sample-detector geometry, but it is shown that, with careful operation, variations in density may be measured with a standard deviation of about 1 lb/ft3. Although designedfor use with concrete specimens, the technique can be applied to any cohesive material.
The effect of mix proportions and method of testing on Poisson's ratio for mortars and concretes
Authors: Anson M. , Newman K.
Published: July 2012

Summary

Following recent studies of concrete as a composite material, this paper examines whether there is a relation between the mix proportions and properties of the constituents and the over-all Poisson's ratio for mortars and concretes. From an examination of available and new data, it is apparent that Poisson's ratio is affected by the method of testing, the mix proportions, and the moisture condition and temperature of the specimens. Approximate expressions are proposed for the static and dynamic Poisson's ratios of saturated mortars and concretes made with gravel aggregates in terms of the volume fractions and Poisson's ratios of the constituent aggregate and cement paste phases. Static and dynamic tests do not measure the same properties of concrete, and suggestions are made for the differences between them.
The flexural behaviour of slabs at ultimate load
Authors: Parkhill D. L.
Published: July 2012

Summary

The paper describes a lower-bound solution for the simply supported square slab under uniform load based on the assumption of elastic-plast ic behaviour of the slab material. It is shown that the elastic moments within the segments of a chosen yield-line pattern are everywhere statically admissible. The uniqueness of the load value is thus also established. The procedure is suitable for general application to slabs of varying geometry and loading and is capable of providing realistic ultimate-moment fields for the under-reinforced type of slab normally employed.
Some shear tests on reinforced concrete T beams with stirrups
Authors: Taylor R.
Published: July 2012

Summary

Static loading tests on eleven reinforced concrete T beams are reported. The shear reinforcement in the beams had been proportioned in accordance with proposals made in an earlier paper, the amount of this reinforcement being appreciably less than that required by the current method of design in C.P.114. The tests indicated that the amounts of shear reinforcement provided were more than adequate to ensure that the flexural capacities of the beams were attained.
Complete solutions describing the limit state of reinforced concrete slabs
Authors: Massonnet Ch.
Published: July 2012

Summary

Analytical results are established, leading to ‘complete solutions’ for the exact limit load of isotropic and orthotropic slabs. Use is made of Hopkins's and Schumann's general results on fields of moment, and rate of curvature. A criterion is developed for the kinematic admissibility of a pattern of yield lines and for the static admissibility of a field of moments. It is shown that, if two different complete solutions are known, a family of complete solutions may be derivedfrom these. Distribution of moments and support reactions is investigated, without making use of the concept of nodal force. General equations are established for the negative yield line limiting the considered plastic field of the slab, and these equations give a complete solution which agrees with the general theory of limit analysis. In working out the procedures involved in the above, the author gives examples of various loadings and shapes of slab, obtains expressions for the exact collapse loads, and states the conditions governing validity of the solutions.
Apparatus for laboratory freezing-and-thawing tests on concrete specimens
Authors: Ashworth R.
Published: July 2012

Summary

This article describes an inexpensive and easily operated refrigeration cabinet which may be used in the smaller research laboratory to carry out freezing-and-thawing tests on concrete specimens in accordance with the former ASTM test C 292-63T. The performance of the apparatus is discussed and time-temperature curves for the 48 h cycle of freezing and thawing are given, together with typical test results aiter 25 cycles.
Blastfurnace slag as aggregate for concrete
Authors: Gutt W. , Kinniburgh W. , Newman A. J.
Published: July 2012

Summary

Blastfurnace slag is an important source of dense aggregate for concrete. In an investigation lasting six years the Building Research Station has compared the properties of slag aggregates with those of crushed limestone and river gravel. Six slagsfromfive different works were tested, some being typical slags sold regularly for use as aggregate and others chosen to test the effect of specific chemical or physical characteristics. Concretes made with all these slags as coarse dense aggregate were tested for compressive and transverse strength, dimensional stability and sulphate resistance. Reinforced concretes were tested for metal corrosion. A number of tests were also made on concretes in which slag constituted both the coarse and the fine aggregate. The present paper gives the results of all these studies except the observations made concerning reinforced concrete which are the subject of a separate paper in this issue. It is shown that blastfurnace slags currently produced provide material for coarse aggregate for concrete which is satisfactory in every respect.
Steel in concrete with blastfurnace slag aggregate
Authors: Everett L. H. , Gutt W.
Published: July 2012

Summary

Tests have been carried out on the rate of weight loss of steel in aqueous extracts from four air-cooled, crystalline blastfurnace slags and on steel reinforcement in concrete prisms containing such slag as the coarse aggregate exposed for two years. The results indicate that, whereas theoretically the sulphide content of the aggregate may influence the corrosion behaviour, under practical conditions negligible corrosion occurs even at low (¾ in.) depths of cover. It is concluded that the alkalinity produced by reaction of the slag with water restricts the extent of corrosion and that blastfurnace slag may be used satisfactorily as coarse aggregate in reinforced concrete. The work described forms a part of a programme which included tests of slag concretes without metal reinforcement, for compressive and transverse strength, sulphate resistance and dimensional stability. The results of these other tests are reported in a separate paper in the same issue.
Vetiver grass mulch for prevention of runoff and soil loss
Authors: Donjadee Somchai , Chinnarasri Chaiyuth
Published: July 2012

Vetiver grass is used for reducing soil erosion and has been applied in many areas around the world. However, few studies have been carried out using vetiver grass mulch (VGM) for soil erosion control. The performance of VGM in soil and water conservation is investigated by determining the effects of a quantity of VGM on the prevention of runoff and soil loss. The study involved field experiments with a land slope of 3%. Two rainfall intensities of 55 and 140 mm/h were selected because these cover the rainfall intensity in the Upper Thachin watershed in Thailand at a 1 hour in 2 years and 500 years recurrence interval. Six dry matter quantities of VGM were used in the study: 0·25, 0·50, 0·75, 1·0, 1·5 and 2·0 kg/m2. The runoff volume decreases with the increase in the quantity of VGM, with values ranging from 5·6 to 46·1 mm. The VGM showed good potential for reducing runoff and soil loss by 33–71% and 31–82%, respectively, when compared with the position without VGM. The higher quantities of VGM can reduce soil loss more than the lower ones. VGM at 0·75 kg/m2is found to be a suitable quantity for reduced runoff and soil loss.
Five‐Year Changes in Periodontal Disease Measures Among Postmenopausal Females: The Buffalo OsteoPerio Study
Authors: LaMonte Michael J. , Hovey Kathleen M. , Genco Robert J. , Millen Amy E. , Trevisan Maurizio , Wactawski‐Wende Jean
Published: July 2012

Background: Understanding of longitudinal characteristics of periodontal disease in older females is limited. This study examined 5‐year changes in periodontal disease measures among postmenopausal females.

Methods: Participants were 1,025 postmenopausal, 53‐ to 83‐year‐old females who completed baseline (1997 to 2001) and 5‐year follow‐up (2002 to 2006) whole‐mouth oral examinations in a study ancillary to the Women's Health Initiative. Periodontal disease was characterized using probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), alveolar crest height (ACH), and tooth loss. Differences in measures between examinations were used to characterize patterns of change.

Results: Baseline prevalence of none/mild, moderate, and severe periodontal disease defined using criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was 27%, 58%, and 15%, respectively. Tooth loss attributable to periodontitis occurred in 13% of females. Mean ± SD changes in whole‐mouth mean measures showed progression when based on ACH (−0.19 ± 0.49 mm) yet relatively stable disease when based on PD (0.11 ± 0.42 mm) and CAL (0.06 ± 0.58 mm). Mean change in worst‐site ACH was greater (P <0.001) in females with severe periodontitis and osteoporosis at baseline and with tooth loss during follow‐up. Periodontal changes did not differ according to baseline age, hormone therapy use, smoking status, or age at menopause.

Conclusions: Five‐year changes in periodontal measures among generally healthy postmenopausal females were, on average, small and did not suggest a consistent pattern of disease progression. Females with history of severe periodontitis or osteoporosis may experience accelerated oral bone loss despite stability or small improvement in routine probing measures.
Local Public Health Systems and the Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Rodriguez Hector P. , Chen Jie , Owusu-Edusei Kwame , Suh Allen , Bekemeier Betty
Published: July 2012

Objectives. We examined the associations of local public health system organization and local health department resources with county-level sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence rates in large US health jurisdictions.

Methods. We linked annual county STD incidence data (2005–2008) to local health department director responses (n = 211) to the 2006 wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Local Public Health Systems, the 2005 national Local Health Department Profile Survey, and the Area Resource File. We used nested mixed effects regression models to assess the relative contribution of local public health system organization, local health department financial and resource factors, and sociodemographic factors known to be associated with STD incidence to county-level (n = 307) STD incidence.

Results. Jurisdictions with local governing boards had significantly lower county-level STD incidence. Local public health systems with comprehensive services where local health departments shoulder much of the effort had higher county-level STD rates than did conventional systems.

Conclusions. More integration of system partners in local public health system activities, through governance and interorganizational arrangements, may reduce the incidence and burden of STDs.
Young Adults’ Favorable Perceptions of Snus, Dissolvable Tobacco Products, and Electronic Cigarettes: Findings From a Focus Group Study
Authors: Choi Kelvin , Fabian Lindsey , Mottey Neli , Corbett Amanda , Forster Jean
Published: July 2012

Objectives. We explored young adults’ perceptions of snus (spitless moist snuff packed in porous bags), dissolvable tobacco products, and electronic cigarettes and intention to try these products.

Methods. We conducted 11 focus group discussions involving a total of 66 young adults (18–26 years old) on these new tobacco products (e.g., harmfulness, potential as quit aids, intention to try) held between July and December 2010. We analyzed discussions using a thematic approach.

Results. Participants generally reported positive perceptions of the new products, particularly because they came in flavors. Few negative perceptions were reported. Although some participants believed these products were less harmful than cigarettes and helpful in quitting smoking, others thought the opposite, particularly regarding electronic cigarettes. Participants also commented that these products could be gateways to cigarette smoking. Half of the participants, including a mix of smokers and nonsmokers, admitted they would try these products if offered by a friend.

Conclusions. Young adults perceive the new tobacco products positively and are willing to experiment with them. Eliminating flavors in these products may reduce young adults’ intentions to try these products.
Prevalence, Characteristics, and In-Hospital Outcomes of Metabolic Syndrome among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Shehab Abdulla , Al-Dabbagh Bayan , Almahmeed Wael , Bustani Nazar , Nagelkerke Nicolaas , Alnaeemi Abdulla , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi A
Published: July 2012

Objective:

To evaluate clinical profiles, management and in-hospital outcomes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Methods:

MetS was defined according to the criteria for its diagnosis by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI). Participants were admitted to various hospitals in the UAE with a diagnosis of ACS in 2007 as part of the Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events (Gulf RACE) project. We compared baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and in-hospital outcomes stratified by MetS status.

Results:

Of 1259 patients with ACS in the UAE (mean age: 52 ± 11 years, 88.8% males), the majority (n = 851, 67.6%) had MetS. MetS patients were more frequently males (86.4 vs 13.6%; P < 0.001). They were more obese (waist circumference and BMI, P < 0.001) as compared with non-MetS patients. MetS was more frequently associated with hypertension (51.1 vs 37.7%; P < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (45.6 vs 24.3%; P < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, certain MetS criteria rather than MetS itself were associated with higher in-hospital mortality and heart failure. Paradoxically, hypertension was associated with lower in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions:

Prevalence of MetS among patients with ACS in our study population was high. Certain MetS criteria were associated with higher in-hospital mortality and heart failure.
Monitoring Quality of Care at Dialysis Facilities
Authors: Stivelman John C.
Published: July 2012

With the issuance of the new Conditions for Coverage in 2008 and the implementation of the Prospective Payment System in 2011, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has fundamentally altered the regulatory landscape of quality in the ESRD program. Although these changes—largely through use of tools comparing individual facility performance to regional and national quality expectations—have increased facility accountability for the quality of patient care in many quarters, they have also complicated both substance and process of facility adherence to quality rules in that component of the program. This editorial critically assesses the main quality tools now in use for dialysis facilities and reviews the issues arising from their conjoint use. A scheme for improving the effectiveness of each quality tool is proposed, and an assessment of their future value and effectiveness in quality improvement is offered.
20cm VLA radio-continuum study of M31: Images and point source catalogues
Authors: Galvin T.J. , Filipovic M.D. , Crawford E.J. , Tothill N.F.H. , Wong G.F. , de Horta
Published: July 2012

We present a series of new high-sensitivity and high-resolution
radio-continuum images of M31 at ?=20 cm (?=1.4 GHz). These new images were
produced by merging archived 20 cm radio-continuum observations from the Very
Large Array (VLA) telescope. Images presented here are sensitive to rms=60
?Jy and feature high angular resolution (<10??). A complete sample of
discrete radio sources have been catalogued and analyzed across 17 individual
VLA projects. We identified a total of 864 unique discrete radio sources
across the field of M31. One of the most prominent regions in M31 is the ring
feature for which we estimated total integrated flux of 706 mJy at ?=20 cm.
We compare here detected sources to those listed in Gelfand et al. (2004) at
?=92 cm and find 118 sources in common to both surveys. The majority (61%) of
these sources exhibit a spectral index of ? <-0.6 indicating that their
emission is predominantly non-thermal in nature, that is more typical for
background objects.
Short- and Long-Term Mortality After Myocardial Infarction in Patients With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Nauta Sjoerd T. , Deckers Jaap W. , Akkerhuis K. Martijn , van Domburg Ron T.
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE

To study temporal trends in short- and long-term outcome after myocardial infarction (MI) according to diabetes status.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We included all 14,434 consecutive patients admitted for ST-segment elevation MI or non–ST-segment elevation MI at our center between 1985 and 2008. The study patients were compared according to prevalent diabetes. Temporal trend analyses were performed by comparing decades of admission (1985–1989 vs. 1990–1999 vs. 2000–2008).

RESULTS

A total of 2,015 (14%) of the patients had prevalent diabetes. The risk of presenting with diabetes increased from 8 to 17% from 1985 to 2008. Diabetic patients presented with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. With time, the use of evidence-based therapies increased in both patients with and without diabetes. Diabetes is associated with a 1.5-fold increased risk of mortality at the 20-year follow-up. Ten-year mortality decreased over time in patients with diabetes, from 53% in 1985–1989 to 39% in 2000–2008 (adjusted hazard ratio 0.56 [95% CI 0.43–0.73]), and in those without diabetes, from 38% in 1985–1989 to 29% in 2000–2008 (0.66 [0.60–0.73]; P interaction = 0.83). Patients with diabetes benefitted from a higher 30-day and 10-year absolute survival increase.

CONCLUSIONS

Temporal mortality reductions after MI between 1985 and 2008 were at least as high in patients with diabetes compared with those without diabetes. However, long-term mortality remained higher in diabetic patients. Awareness of the high-risk profile of diabetic patients is warranted and might stimulate optimal medical care and outcome.
Long-Term Prognosis of Diabetic Foot Patients and Their Limbs
Authors: Morbach Stephan , Furchert Heike , Gröblinghoff Ute , Hoffmeier Heribert , Kersten Kerstin , Klauke Gerd-Thomas , Klemp Ulrike , Roden Thomas , Icks Andrea , Haastert Burkhard , Rümenapf Gerhard , Abbas Zulfiqarali G. , Bharara Manish , Armstrong David G.
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE

There is a dearth of long-term data regarding patient and limb survival in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). The purpose of our study was therefore to prospectively investigate the limb and person survival of DFU patients during a follow-up period of more than 10 years.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Two hundred forty-seven patients with DFUs and without previous major amputation consecutively presenting to a single diabetes center between June 1998 and December 1999 were included in this study and followed up until May 2011. Mean patient age was 68.8 ± 10.9 years, 58.7% were male, and 55.5% had peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Times to first major amputation and to death were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox multiple regression.

RESULTS

A first major amputation occurred in 38 patients (15.4%) during follow-up. All but one of these patients had evidence of PAD at inclusion in the study, and 51.4% had severe PAD [ankle-brachial pressure index ≤0.4]). Age (hazard ratio [HR] per year, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.01–1.10]), being on dialysis (3.51 [1.02–12.07]), and PAD (35.34 [4.81–259.79]) were significant predictors for first major amputation. Cumulative mortalities at years 1, 3, 5, and 10 were 15.4, 33.1, 45.8, and 70.4%, respectively. Significant predictors for death were age (HR per year, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.06–1.10]), male sex ([1.18–2.32]), chronic renal insufficiency (1.83 [1.25–2.66]), dialysis (6.43 [3.14–13.16]), and PAD (1.44 [1.05–1.98]).

CONCLUSIONS

Although long-term limb salvage in this modern series of diabetic foot patients is favorable, long-term survival remains poor, especially among patients with PAD or renal insufficiency.
Cytostatic and cytotoxic properties of monensic acid and its biometal(II) complexes against human tumor / non-tumor cell lines
Authors: Alexandrova Radostina , Zhivkova Tanya , Alexandrov Marin , Miloshev Georgi , Georgieva Milena , Pantcheva Ivayla , Mitewa Mariana
Published: July 2012

The anticancer activity of monensic acid (MonH) and its biometal(II) complexes [M(Mon)2(H2O)2](M = Mg, Ca, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn) was evaluated against cultured human permanent cell lines established from glioblastoma multiforme (8MGBA) and cancers of the lung (A549), breast (MCF-7), uterine cervix (HeLa) and liver (HepG2). The viability and proliferation of the non-tumor human embryonic cell line Lep3 was also tested. The investigations were carried out using a thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide test, neutral red uptake cytotoxicity assay, crystal violet staining, colony forming method and double staining with acridin orange and propidium iodide. The results obtained reveal that the compounds applied at concentrations of 0.5–25 µg mL−1 for 24–72 h decrease the viability and proliferation of the treated cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The metal(II) complexes studied (especially those of Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)) have been found to express stronger cytotoxic and cytostatic activities than the non-coordinated monensic acid. The non-tumor human cell line showed strong chemosensitivity towards compounds tested comparable to that of cultured human tumor cell lines.
Sequential extraction and thermal desorption of mercury from contaminated soil and tailings from Mongolia
Authors: Coufalík Pavel , Krásenský Pavel , Dosbaba Marek , Komárek Josef
Published: July 2012

Mercury forms in contaminated environmental samples were studied by means of sequential extraction and thermal desorption from the solid phase. The sequential extraction procedure involved the following fractions: water soluble mercury, mercury extracted in acidic conditions, mercury bound to humic substances, elemental Hg and mercury bound to complexes, HgS, and residual mercury. In addition to sequential extraction, the distribution of mercury species as a function of soil particles size was studied. The thermal desorption method is based on the thermal decomposition or desorption of Hg compounds at different temperatures. The following four species were observed: Hg0, HgCl2, HgS and Hg(II) bound to humic acids. The Hg release curves from artificial soils and real samples were obtained and their applicability to the speciation analysis was considered.
Role of water in determining organic reactivity in aqueous binary solvents
Authors: Salmar Siim , Järv Jaak , Tenno Tiina , Tuulmets Ants
Published: July 2012

Kinetic data for organic reactions in various binary water-organic solvent mixtures were collected and quantitatively analysed in terms of linear-free-energy relationships by using tert-butyl chloride (2-chloro-2-methylpropane) solvolysis as the reference system. Linear similarity plots for these kinetic data were determined for solvent systems ranging from pure water mixtures up to considerable amount of cosolvent, and 161 similarity coefficients were calculated from slopes of these plots. The existence of these linear plots demonstrated that the solvent effects are of some common nature in all analysed reaction mixtures independent of the reaction type and the cosolvent used. Therefore it was concluded that the observed effects could be connected to the specific solvating properties of water, which govern reactivity even in significant dilution of water by an organic cosolvent. This conclusion was supported by the linear interrelationship between the slopes of similarity plots of different reactions, and hydrophobicity parameters log P of the reacting compounds. The relative solvent effects observed in binary water-organic solvent mixtures were for the first time directly related to the structure of reacting compounds.
Photometric determination of aqueous cobalt (II), nickel (II), copper (II) and iron (III) with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt in gelatin films
Authors: Reshetnyak Elena , Ivchenko Nataliia , Nikitina Nataliya
Published: July 2012

Photometric determination of aqueous Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Fe(III) was performed using indicator films prepared by immobilization of 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt (NRS) into hardened photographic film. Immobilization was based on electrostatic interaction of reagent and metal complexes with the gelatin. The isoelectric point pH of hardened gelatin (4.46±0.04) was evaluated by viscometry. Co(II), Fe(III), Ni(II) form 1:3 complexes with NRS in gelatin at pH 2 and Cu(II) forms 1:2 complexes. Their log β′ values were: Co-6.7, Fe-8.6, Cu-8.0, and Ni-6.4. The absorption maxima were: 370nm for NRS, and 430nm, 470nm, 495nm and 720nm for complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Fe(III). An algorithm for their simultaneous determination using the indicator films was developed. The detection limits were: clim(Co2+) = 0.45×10−5 M, clim(Fe3+) = 0.50×10−5 M, clim(Cu2+) = 0.67×10−5 M, clim(Ni2+) = 0.75×10−5 M,; and their sum clim(ΣMn+) = 0.82×10−5 M.
Comparison of structure, logP and P388 cytotoxicity of some phenyl and ferrocenyl cyclic chalcone analogues. Application of RP-TLC for logP determination of the ferrocenyl analogues
Authors: Perjési Pál , Takács-Novák Krisztina , Rozmer Zsuzsanna , Sohár Pál , Bozak Richard , Allen Theresa
Published: July 2012

Cyclic chalcone analogues (2–5) and their ferrocenyl counterparts (6–10) were synthesized and their logP and P388 cyctotoxity were investigated. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR 1H and 13NMR spectroscopy. Comparison of conjugation and stereochemistry of the respective derivatives showed similar characteristics compared to ones with some higher degree of conjugation in the ferrocenyl series. Comparison of logP of the ferrocenyl derivatives determined by a validated RP-TLC method showed the ferrocenyl derivatives to have higher logP TLC. The results demonstrate that the differences in three dimensional shape, conjugation and lipophilicity do not have strong influence on the P388 cytotoxicity of the investigated phenyl (1−5) and ferrocenyl (6−10) enones.
The structure of plane graphs with independent crossings and its applications to coloring problems
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liu Guizhen
Published: July 2012

If a graph G has a drawing in the plane in such a way that every two crossings are independent, then we call G a plane graph with independent crossings or IC-planar graph for short. In this paper, the structure of IC-planar graphs with minimum degree at least two or three is studied. By applying their structural results, we prove that the edge chromatic number of G is Δ if Δ ≥ 8, the list edge (resp. list total) chromatic number of G is Δ (resp. Δ + 1) if Δ ≥ 14 and the linear arboricity of G is ℈Δ/2⌊ if Δ ≥ 17, where G is an IC-planar graph and Δ is the maximum degree of G.
Atom number calibration in absorption imaging at very small atom numbers
Authors: Konstantinidis Gregory , Pappa Melina , Wikström Gustav , Condylis Paul , Sahagun Daniel , Baker Mark , Morizot Olivier , Klitzing Wolf
Published: July 2012

Cold atom experiments often use images of the atom clouds as their exclusive source of experimental information. The most commonly used technique is absorption imaging, which provides accurate information about the shapes of the atom clouds, but requires care when seeking the absolute atom number for small atom samples. In this paper, we present an independent, absolute calibration of the atom numbers. We directly compare the atom number detected using dark-ground imaging to the one observed by fluorescence imaging of the same atoms in a magneto-optical trap. We normalise the signal using single-atom resolved fluorescence imaging. In order to be able to image the absorption of the very low atom numbers involved, we use diffractive dark-ground imaging as a novel, ultra-sensitive method of in situ imaging for untrapped atom clouds down to only 100 atoms. We demonstrate that the Doppler shift due to the acceleration of the atoms by the probe beam has to be taken into account when measuring the atom-number.
Persistence of conduct disorders and their relation to early initiation of smoking and alcohol drinking in a prospective ELSPAC Study
Authors: Hrubá Drahoslava , Kukla Lubomír , Okrajek Petr , Peřina Aleš
Published: July 2012

The important risk factors of early initiation of smoking and alcohol drinking are: prosmoking family and peers, conduct disorders and delinquency, poor academic performance. The data obtained by physicians, teachers and children were collected at the age of 11 years. Children were divided into group A (without symptoms), Group B (with one or more symptoms). For statistic analysis, the programme EPI INFO was used.During the period between 7 and 11 years, new children with problematic behaviour (178=3.9%) were diagnosed in Group A, while substantial decreasing of children previously included in Group B was seen (by 59.1%). Together 7.05% of 11 years old children visited specialists (psychologists) due to their conduct disorders: 6.8% from Group A and 12.3% from Group B. Children more often than their teachers reported the frequent occurrence of conduct disorder. About 20% of children smoked, and more than 40% had tasted alcohol. However, the differences between Groups A and B were not significant. Our prospective study has demonstrated the possibility of misinterpretation of behavioural outputs. Children with previous behavioural problems had not a higher risk for early smoking and alcohol use.
Intelligent Data Analysis to Model and Understand Live Cell Time-lapse Sequences
Authors: Paterson A. , Ashtari M. , Ribé D. , Stenbeck G. , Tucker A.
Published: July 2012

Background: One important aspect of cellular function, which is at the basis of tissue homeostasis, is the delivery of proteins to their correct destinations. Significant advances in live cell microscopy have allowed tracking of these pathways by following the dynamics of fluorescently labelled proteins in living cells.

Objectives: This paper explores intelligent data analysis techniques to model the dynamic behavior of proteins in living cells as well as to classify different experimental conditions.

Methods: We use a combination of decision tree classification and hidden Markov models. In particular, we introduce a novel approach to “align” hidden Markov models so that hidden states from different models can be cross-compared.

Results: Our models capture the dynamics of two experimental conditions accurately with a stable hidden state for control data and multiple (less stable) states for the experimental data recapitulating the behaviour of particle trajectories within live cell time-lapse data.

Conclusions: In addition to having successfully developed an automated framework for the classification of protein transport dynamics from live cell time-lapse data our model allows us to understand the dynamics of a complex trafficking pathway in living cells in culture.
Early Illness Recognition Using In-home Monitoring Sensors and Multiple Instance Learning
Authors: Mahnot A. , Popescu M.
Published: July 2012

Background: Many older adults in the US prefer to live independently for as long as they are able, despite the onset of conditions such as frailty and dementia. Solutions are needed to enable independent living, while enhancing safety and peace of mind for their families. Elderly patients are particularly at-risk for late assessment of cognitive changes.

Objectives: We predict early signs of illness in older adults by using the data generated by a continuous, unobtrusive nursing home monitoring system.

Methods: We describe the possibility of employing a multiple instance learning (MIL) framework for early illness detection. The MIL framework is suitable for training classifiers when the available data presents temporal or location uncertainties.

Results: We provide experiments on three datasets that prove the utility of the MIL framework. We first tuned our algorithms on a set of 200 normal/abnormal behavior patterns produced by a dedicated simulator. We then conducted two retrospective studies on residents from the Tiger Place aging in place facility, aged over 70, which have been monitored with motion and bed sensors for over two years. The presence or absence of the illness was manually assessed based on the nursing visit reports.

Conclusions: The use of simulated sensor data proved to be very useful for algorithm development and testing. The results obtained using MIL for six Tiger Place residents, an average area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AROC) of 0.7, are promising. However, more sophisticated MIL classifiers are needed to improve the performance.
The development of a digitising service centre for natural history collections
Authors: Tegelberg Riitta , Haapala Jaana , Mononen Tero , Pajari Mika , Saarenmaa Hannu
Published: July 2012

Digitarium is a joint initiative of the Finnish Museum of Natural History and the University of Eastern Finland. It was established in 2010 as a dedicated shop for the large-scale digitisation of natural history collections. Digitarium offers service packages based on the digitisation process, including tagging, imaging, data entry, georeferencing, filtering, and validation. During the process, all specimens are imaged, and distance workers take care of the data entry from the images. The customer receives the data in Darwin Core Archive format, as well as images of the specimens and their labels. Digitarium also offers the option of publishing images through Morphbank, sharing data through GBIF, and archiving data for long-term storage. Service packages can also be designed on demand to respond to the specific needs of the customer. The paper also discusses logistics, costs, and intellectual property rights (IPR) issues related to the work that Digitarium undertakes.
Les Théories Sexuelles Infantiles à travers les âges : du mythe de la cigogne à celui de la petite graine
Authors: Prat Régine
Published: July 2012

La prise en considération des théories que fabriquent les enfants, semblant ignorer l’explication anatomique qui leur a été donnée, nous conduit à re-envisager le point de vue freudien. Quelle est l’utilité de la production de théories personnelles, prenant la valeur d’élaboration d’un mythe dans un processus de pensée créatif ?
Quel dispositif pour parler de l'abus sexuel avec l'enfant ?
Authors: de Becker Emmanuel
Published: July 2012

L’article s’attelle à décrire un dispositif particulier susceptible de faciliter l’échange de parole avec l’enfant victime de maltraitance sexuelle. L’auteur montre la pertinence de respecter des temps successifs dans l’appréhension de ces situations complexes et génératrices de malaise tant du côté de l’enfant, de son entourage socio-familial que chez les cliniciens. En effet, parler avec l’enfant de l’abus sexuel ne s’improvise pas et demande de tenir compte de plusieurs paramètres subjectifs, intersubjectifs et contextuels. Enfin, seront abordés certains écueils d’une prise de parole forcée.
D'où vient la réalité psychique ?
Authors: Martens Francis
Published: July 2012

L’image de la psychanalyse est associée au « complexe d’Œdipe » considéré comme le noyau fondamental de la sexualité des enfants. Théoriquement, l’abandon par Freud de la théorie d’une séduction réelle des futurs hystériques par des adultes pervers, au profit de celle d’une « réalité psychique » traumatisante tissée de fantasmes inconscients, est l’acte de naissance de la métapsychologie psychanalytique. De fait, l’Œdipe est une structure organisatrice qui vient contenir la sexualité infantile plus qu’il n’en marque l’apogée. Par-delà des réticences d’ordre auto-analytique, Freud n’a jamais véritablement abandonné la théorie de la séduction. L’examen rigoureux qu’en fait Laplanche permet de ne rabattre la sexualité infantile ni du côté de la biologie, ni de celui de la mythologie, mais de donner sa place spécifique à la notion de « réalité psychique ».
Une sexualité infantile polymorphe dans tous ses états : Sombre printemps d'Unica Zürn
Authors: Turki de Ponfilly Rim
Published: July 2012

Sombre printemps, d’Unica Zürn, est l’étonnant tableau d’une sexualité infantile perverse polymorphe qui parvient à transformer son aspect traumatique grâce à la « création ». Elle fait de cette dernière non seulement le moyen de plaisirs sexuels supplémentaires, mais aussi, un outil de « dépassement » du trauma.
Internet, sociétés civiles et gouvernements : cohabitation ou choc des cultures ?
Authors: Kleinwächter Wolfgang , Granet-Cornée Coline
Published: July 2012

La gouvernance d’Internet fera l’objet de débats majeurs dans les prochaines années. Poursuivra-t-on sur la voie d’un Internet libre et ouvert ou s’orientera-t-on vers un Internet réglementé par les politiques nationales ou les intérêts économiques ? Il faut inventer des relations neuves entre institutions publiques et acteurs de la société civile, relations de collaboration et non hiérarchisées. À ce prix seulement, Internet pourra progresser pour l’ensemble de la communauté mondiale.
Les armées doivent-elles craindre les réseaux sociaux ?
Authors: Hecker Marc , Rid Thomas
Published: July 2012

De nombreux militaires utilisent les réseaux sociaux comme Facebook à titre privé. Ils leur permettent notamment de garder le contact avec leurs proches depuis les théâtres d’opération. Les risques, en particulier de fuites, existent mais ils demeurent limités. L’accent ne doit pas être mis uniquement sur les risques mais aussi sur les bénéfices : les réseaux sociaux constituent des outils de relations publiques et de recrutement efficaces pour les armées.
Asie : une reconfiguration géopolitique
Authors: Buzan Barry , Despréaux Claire
Published: July 2012

Le « supercomplexe » asiatique a pris forme : on le voit à travers le modèle d’adhésion croisée aux organisations intergouvernementales asiatiques et avec l’apparition de politiques de contrepoids à la Chine, en particulier en Inde. L’engagement des États-Unis en Asie de l’Est et du Sud participe également de ce supercomplexe. Le durcissement de Pékin depuis 2008 favorise le maintien de l’influence américaine en Asie, malgré le déclin de Washington sur la scène internationale.
Le palais d’Aiétès et son jardin chez Apollonios de Rhodes (Arg., III, v. 194-252). Un exemple de paysage-palimpseste antique ?
Authors: André Laury-Nuria
Published: July 2012

Lorsque le lecteur découvre au chant III
des Argonautiques d’Apollonios de Rhodes
l’espace du « paysage urbain » colque, au fur et à mesure de la
progression visuelle des personnages, se dessine mentalement tout un
espace littéraire fait de réminiscences homériques. L’espace végétal
semble composé d’un bouquet d’intertextes de nature endogène tandis
que l’architecture palatiale combine structure archaïque et ornements
hellénistiques. Nulle trace d’exotisme donc, mais un espace composé de
référents grecs typiques. Du fait de ces référents littéraires, la
construction de l’espace palatial urbain emprunte sa configuration
même au type d’écriture poétique sollicité par le poète épique : la
réécriture. Comment comprendre alors que le palais d’Aiétès puisse
être à l’image du palais du souverain grec hellénistique, image idéale
d’une architecture s’inscrivant dans l’ordre divin ? Il faut voir ici
non seulement la mise en image, l’illustration concrète via
l’architecture et, partant, le « paysage urbain » qui se singularise
par sa nature hybride, de la volonté de rapprocher Orient et Occident,
mais aussi et surtout les moyens mêmes de cette mise en œuvre. Le
palais et son jardin ne seraient alors qu’une promesse, un prototype
d’un modèle idéal à étendre, grandeur nature, sur l’ensemble du
territoire colque, et de l’oïkoumène tout
entière.
Les images dans les Alexipharmaques de Nicandre
Authors: Cusset Christophe
Published: July 2012

In this article I show how
Nicander, in his Alexipharmaca, reappropriates
a standard epic practice, the use of similes, and how he uses these
for ends that are not purely ornamental, but which answer as much to
the construction of his hexameter poem as to the mythological or
metapoetic discourse into a technical one. But the similes are not
only a window open on another discursive type: they are also at times
fully operative in the technical discourse and so take full part in
medical description.
Visualizing the impossible: the wandering landscape in the Delos Hymn of Callimachus
Authors: Klooster Jacqueline
Published: July 2012

L’Hymne à
Délos de Callimaque présente l’une des descriptions les plus
étonnantes de l’Antiquité d’un paysage personnifié. Cet article
s’attache à deux aspects de la représentation pour ainsi dire
surréaliste de Callimaque. Premièrement, j’étudie de manière assez
détaillée les conventions et les concepts de la poésie antérieure que
Callimaque utilise et détourne pour créer sa propre image d’un paysage
mouvant et animé. Je m’intéresse en particulier aux personnifications
des éléments géographiques et aux expressions métaphoriques ou
métonymiques que l’on trouve dans la poésie archaïque. Deuxièmement,
je me demande si nous pouvons restituer l’effet que le renversement de
telles conventions a pu avoir sur le lectorat ancien de Callimaque.
Cela nécessite que je prenne en considération les théories qui
concernent la visualisation (energeia) et la
plausibilité (pithanotès) développées dans les
anciens traités poétiques et rhétoriques, qui étaient connues ou qui
se sont développées dans l’environnement lettré de Callimaque, au
Musée d’Alexandrie au IIIème siècle avant J.-C. Afin de mieux
comprendre les problèmes posés par l’Hymne à
Délos, j’évoque aussi quelques appréciations critiques modernes
du poème.
Temps et récit dans la Paraphrase de l’Évangile selon Jean de Nonnos de Panopolis
Authors: Giraudet Vincent
Published: July 2012

Dans cet article, nous proposons une
analyse narratologique croisée de l’Évangile de Jean et de sa Paraphrase par Nonnos de Panopolis. Après avoir
comparé le marquage temporel utilisé par les deux auteurs, nous
relevons les différentes analepses et prolepses qui parsèment leur
récit. Même contraint par le cadre temporel de son modèle, Nonnos
affiche chaque fois une volonté très forte de narrativiser
l’Évangile ; en particulier l’emploi qu’il fait des adjectifs
proleptiques montre que le travail sur le temps du récit est au cœur
de sa poétique.
La saga du vin de paille
Authors: Hugel André
Published: July 2012

Pendant près d’un siècle, un vin d’Alsace tout particulièrement, le vin de paille, avait trouvé une place de choix sur les tables des grands de cette époque. Mais peu de ceux qui en parlaient en avaient goûté. Mon grand-père avait trouvé dans la cave de son père deux bouteilles de vin de paille de 1884. Elles ont bien sûr été conservées précieusement, rappelons que ses conseils ont été suivis : « parlez-en, ne le buvez jamais ». Cette petite étude pour que ce prestigieux nectar, produit en Alsace il y a fort longtemps, ne tombe pas dans l’oubli.
Badbronn, Carola
Authors: de Sacy Didier S. , Dussourd Jean-Philippe , Adoneth Luc
Published: July 2012

Deux stations thermales en centre Alsace ont vu des heures de gloire, puis leur disparition. La distribution d’eau minérale fut à l’origine d’une forte concurrence commerciale entre les deux voisines. Seule Carola, l’eau de Ribeauvillé, survécut contre vents et marées. C’est l’histoire à rebondissements de ces deux stations qui fera notre propos : d’un thermalisme qui n’a pas su se développer à la victoire d’une eau incontournable en Alsace. Une histoire d’eau qui va du XVe siècle à nos jours.
Les architectes d’arrondissement et la transformation du paysage communal au XIXe siècle
Authors: Baumann Fabien
Published: July 2012

L’embellissement et la transformation du paysage communal en Alsace n’ont débuté qu’au lendemain de la Révolution française et de l’Empire. Dans le cadre de cette vaste politique d’aménagement – qui se poursuit activement pendant plusieurs décennies – l’architecte d’arrondissement occupe le devant de la scène et dispose d’un statut officiel institué par le préfet. Sous l’Ancien Régime déjà, les Inspecteurs des bâtiments publics et communaux – placés sous l’autorité directe de l’intendant – constituaient un précédent comparable en matière de travaux publics, mais qui n’a eu qu’un succès limité en raison du contexte économique difficile des années 1780 et des revendications des institutions provinciales nouvellement créées.