bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphoregulation on mitochondria: Integration of cell and organelle responses
Authors: Lucero Maribel , Suarez Ana E. , Chambers Jeremy W.
Published: April 2019

Mitochondria are highly integrated organelles that are crucial to cell adaptation and mitigating adverse physiology. Recent studies demonstrate that fundamental signal transduction pathways incorporate mitochondrial substrates into their biological programs. Reversible phosphorylation is emerging as a useful mechanism to modulate mitochondrial function in accordance with cellular changes. Critical serine/threonine protein kinases, such as the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase A (PKA), PTEN‐induced kinase‐1 (PINK1), and AMP‐dependent protein kinase (AMPK), readily translocate to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), the interface of mitochondria‐cell communication. OMM protein kinases phosphorylate diverse mitochondrial substrates that have discrete effects on organelle dynamics, protein import, respiratory complex activity, antioxidant capacity, and apoptosis. OMM phosphorylation events can be tempered through the actions of local protein phosphatases, such as mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase‐1 (MKP‐1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), to regulate the extent and duration of signaling. The central mediators of OMM signal transduction are the scaffold proteins because the relative abundance of these accessory proteins determines the magnitude and duration of a signaling event on the mitochondrial surface, which dictates the biological outcome of a local signal transduction pathway. The concentrations of scaffold proteins, such as A‐kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and Sab (or SH3 binding protein 5—SH3BP5), have been shown to influence neuronal survival and vulnerability, respectively, in models of Parkinson's disease (PD), highlighting the importance of OMM signaling to health and disease. Despite recent progress, much remains to be discovered concerning the mechanisms of OMM signaling. Nonetheless, enhancing beneficial OMM signaling events and inhibiting detrimental protein‐protein interactions on the mitochondrial surface may represent highly selective approaches to restore mitochondrial health and homeostasis and mitigate organelle dysfunction in conditions such as PD.
Successful endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage through the mesh of a duodenal stent for cholecystitis in a patient with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Harima Hirofumi , Sanuki Kazutoshi , Sakaida Isao
Published: April 2019

Watch a video of this article
Endoscopic submucosal dissection with Clutch Cutter using a large cap‐fitted endoscope
Authors: Esaki Mitsuru , Ichijima Ryoji , Suzuki Sho
Published: April 2019

Watch a video of this article
International expert recommendations of clinical features to prompt referral for diagnostic assessment of cerebral palsy
Authors: Boychuck Zachary , Andersen John , Bussières André , Fehlings Darcy , Kirton Adam , Li Patricia , Oskoui Maryam , Rodriguez Charo , Shevell Michael , Snider Laurie , Majnemer Annette ,   The Prompt Group
Published: April 2019

Aim

To establish international expert recommendations on clinical features to prompt referral for diagnostic assessment of cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

An online Delphi survey was conducted with international experts in early identification and intervention for children with CP, to validate the results obtained in two previous consensus groups with Canadian content experts and knowledge users. We sent two rounds of questionnaires by e‐mail. Participants rated their agreement using a 4‐point Likert scale, along with optional open‐ended questions for additional feedback. Additionally, a panel of experts and knowledge‐users reviewed the results of each round and determined the content of subsequent surveys.

Results

Overall, there was high‐level of agreement on: (1) six clinical features that should prompt referral for diagnosis; (2) two ‘warning sign’ features that warrant monitoring rather than immediate referral for diagnosis; and (3) five referral recommendations to other healthcare professionals to occur simultaneously with referral for diagnosis.

Interpretation

There was high agreement among international experts, suggesting that the features and referral recommendations proposed for primary care physicians for early detection of CP were broadly generalizable. These results will inform the content of educational tools to improve the early detection of CP in the primary care context.

What this paper adds

International experts provide strong agreement on clinical features to detect cerebral palsy.

Consensus on clinical ‘warning signs’ to monitor over time.

Referral recommendations from primary care to specialized health services are identified.
Reproducibility of the assessment of myocardial function through tissue Doppler imaging in very low birth weight infants
Authors: Méndez‐Abad Paula , Zafra‐Rodríguez Pamela , Lubián‐López Simón , Benavente‐Fernández Isabel
Published: April 2019

Abstracts

Objectives

This study aims to analyze the variability between two trained neonatologists when performing consecutive echocardiograms using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and conventional methods in very low birth weight infant (VLBWI).

Methods

Two serial echocardiograms were performed in 30 VLBWI infants. The echocardiographic parameters analyzed were tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), A′, E′, and S′ waves, and myocardial performance index acquired by TDI (MPI‐TDI) of both ventricles and shortening fraction (SF). The intra‐observer and inter‐observer agreements and the intra‐operator agreement were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative statistical methods.

Results

The intra‐observer agreement was very good, TAPSE, and TDI‐derived parameters had an intra‐class correlation (ICC) > 0.8. TDI‐derived velocities had a coefficient of variation (COV) < 11%, while MPI‐TDI had a COV between 20%–28%. The inter‐observer agreement was excellent. There was greater variability when analyzing intra‐operator agreement, with the least variable parameter being TAPSE. According to PABAK, the variability presented moderately substantial agreement.

Conclusions

Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion is very reproducible between observers and operators. Measurements of TDI wave velocities are more reproducible than MPI‐TDI. TDI is sufficiently reproducible in the VLBWI if adequate training is performed, and guidelines are followed to obtain standardized echocardiographic images.
High‐Tech Heimat: Mountains and Mediation in Literature, Film, and Digital Art
Authors: Beals Kurt
Published: April 2019

The ideal of an alpine Heimat is frequently taken to exclude mediation in favor of direct, un‐mediated experience. Yet works of Heimatliteratur and Heimatfilm are often concerned with questions of mediation. The works discussed in this essay pay special attention to the role of mediation in the destruction or reconstruction of the integral, traditional forms of community or geographical identity associated with this notion of Heimat. The first section considers short stories by the Swiss writer Regina Ullmann in which media prove an inadequate substitute for immediate human contact. The second analyzes the 1957 film Hoch droben auf dem Berg as an argument for the productive function of television in reconstituting traditional community. The third turns to digital works by the Swiss artists Monica Studer and Christoph van den Berg that frame alpine idylls as highly mediated constructions. Unlike Ullmann's stories, these more recent works reveal mediation as essential to the construction of Heimat.
Fabrication and optical thermometry of transparent glass‐ceramics containing Ag@NaGdF4: Er3+ core‐shell nanocrystals
Authors: Zhou Kai , Zhang Haiyan , Liu Yuanjian , Bu Yanyan , Wang Xiangfu , Yan Xiaohong
Published: April 2019

Novel transparent glass‐ceramics containing Ag@NaGdF4:Er3+ core‐shell nanocrystals were fabricated successfully by a melt‐quenching method and subsequent heating. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope images show that precious metal Ag is successfully encapsulated by the NaGdF4:Er3+ nanoparticles to form an Ag@NaGdF4:Er3+ core‐shell structure in glass matrix. Compared with the NaGdF4:Er3+ glass‐ceramics, Ag@NaGdF4:Er3+ core‐shell glass‐ceramics shows the great enhancement of emission intensity. The thermometric parameters such as fluorescence emission intensity, fluorescence intensity ratios of thermally coupled levels (2H11/2/4S3/2), and temperature sensitivity can be effectively controlled by changing the Ag concentration. When 0.15 mol% Ag is co‐doped, the sensitivity of SR in Ag@NaGdF4:Er3+ core‐shell glass‐ceramics reaches a maximum value. This work presents a new method to enhance emission intensity and optical thermometry ability of NaGdF4:Er3+ through constructing Ag@NaGdF4:Er3+ core‐shell structure.
Frontotemporal Dementia and the Reactive Attitudes: Two Roles for the Capacity to Care?
Authors: Nelkin Dana Kay
Published: April 2019

People who have a particular behavioural variant of Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) suffer from a puzzling early set of symptoms. They appear to caregivers to cease to care about things that they did before, without manifesting certain other significant deficits that might be expected to accompany this change. Are subjects with bvFTD appropriate objects of reactive attitudes like resentment and indignation that seem to presuppose responsible agency? I explore two possible routes to answering this question in the negative that both appeal to the role of the capacity to care in accounts of responsible agency. The first appeals to the capacity to care as fundamental in determining the aptness of moral demands and appraisals; the second appeals to the capacity to care as required for the very possibility of being someone who could in principle receive deserved praise or blame. In order to assess these lines of reasoning, it will be necessary to settle on a plausible account of caring, and the case of subjects with bvFTD can help in illuminating the relevant capacities. I suggest that the two routes, when clarified, are promising, but that interesting questions about the nature of desert and its relationship to caring remain open.
Go for Gigabit? First Evidence on Economic Benefits of High‐speed Broadband Technologies in Europe
Authors: Briglauer Wolfgang , Gugler Klaus
Published: April 2019

The literature on the effects of investment in broadband infrastructure finds positive macroeconomic effects. However, it is severely constrained because it could hitherto only analyse investment or adoption up to basic broadband, but not up to the newer generations of hybrid fibre and end‐to‐end fibre‐based broadband. Utilizing a comprehensive panel dataset of EU27 member states for the period from 2003 to 2015, we estimate a small but significant effect of end‐to‐end fibre‐based broadband adoption over and above the effects of basic broadband on GDP; specifically, we find that a 1 per cent increase in adoption leads to an incremental increase of 0.002–0.005 per cent in GDP. The incremental effect of hybrid fibre broadband adoption over basic broadband is slightly lower (0.002–0.003%). Our cost‐benefit analysis implies that policy intervention – as foreseen by the European Commission – is only justified for coverage and adoption levels of around 50 per cent, whereas for a 100 per cent coverage level net losses are likely.
Audit firm tenure and audit quality: A cross‐European study
Authors: Garcia‐Blandon Josep , Argilés‐Bosch Josep Maria , Ravenda Diego
Published: April 2019

Directive 2014/56/EU and Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014, which came into effect in June 2016, introduced the mandatory rotation of audit firms after a maximum period of 10 years with the same client. We conduct a cross‐European study with the aim of assessing whether long audit firm tenures are associated with lower levels of audit quality. The sample for the study is based on the constituents of the Standard & Poor's Europe 350 index for the years between 2009 and 2016, and we utilize three different sets of proxies for audit quality: discretionary accruals, differences between reported earnings and earnings benchmarks, and accounting restatements. The main result of the study finds that companies with more than 10 years of tenure with their auditors do not have a lower audit quality than other firms. In fact, this study provides some evidence of a higher audit quality for these firms. The results are robust to various checks. Therefore, if there does not seem to be a problem of a lack of audit quality associated with long audit firm tenures, the necessity of establishing a maximum tenure, as the new European regulation does, may be questioned.
Effect of maternal baboon (Papio sp.) dietary mismatch in pregnancy and lactation on post‐natal offspring early life phenotype
Authors: Li Cun , Jenkins Susan , Huber Hillary F. , Nathanielsz Peter W.
Published: April 2019

Background

Non‐human primate models of developmental programing by maternal mismatch between pregnancy and lactation diets are needed for translation to human programing outcomes. We present baboon offspring morphometry from birth to 3 years, and blood cortisol and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) from 2 to 24 months.

Methods

Control mothers ate chow; mismatch mothers ate 30% less than controls during pregnancy and high‐fat high‐energy diet through lactation.

Results

Mismatch mothers lost weight during pregnancy. At birth, there were trends toward lower weight in mismatch offspring of both sexes (P = 0.06). From 0‐3 years, catch‐up growth occurred. Mismatch offspring male and female body weight increased faster than controls (P < 0.001). Mismatch female offspring showed greater increase in BMI (P < 0.001) and abdominal circumference (P = 0.008) vs controls. ACTH and cortisol slopes from 2 to 24 months of age were similar between groups in both sexes. Cortisol and ACTH increased after weaning in all groups.

Conclusions

Mismatch produces sexually dimorphic post‐natal growth phenotypes.
Extracellular vesicle concentration and procoagulant activity of canine haemoperitoneum fluid and packed red blood cells
Authors: Sowy S. , Rutter C. R. , Jeffery U.
Published: April 2019

Objectives

To compare the concentration of phosphatidylserine‐positive extracellular vesicles and phosphatidylserine‐derived procoagulant activity of canine haemoperitoneum fluids and packed red blood cell units.

Materials and Methods

Ten dogs with haemoperitoneum (neoplasia = 7; trauma = 1; other = 2) were recruited, and five non‐leukoreduced packed red blood cell units purchased. Supernatants were collected from haemoperitoneum samples and packed red blood cell units using a consistent centrifugation protocol. Phosphatidylserine‐positive extracellular vesicle concentrations were measured by flow cytometry and phosphatidylserine‐mediated procoagulant activity by a commercial thrombin generation assay.

Results

Phosphatidylserine‐mediated procoagulant activity was significantly higher for supernatants collected from packed red blood cell units (median 54 nM, range 53 to 60 nM) than haemoperitoneum samples (median 43 nM; range 7 to 51 nM; P = 0.0007). By flow cytometry, the concentration of phosphatidylserine‐positive extracellular vesicles was not significantly different between packed red blood cell (median: 415/μL, range 173 to 1331/μL) and haemoperitoneum samples (median: 314/μL, range 132 to 3880/μL; P = 0.77).

Clinical Significance

This study does not suggest that shed abdominal blood contains more extracellular vesicles with phosphatidylserine‐mediated procoagulant activity than donor packed red blood cell units. Clinical studies to compare the effects of autologous transfusion of shed abdominal blood and packed red blood cell units on coagulation status and clinical outcome are required.
Creation and assessment of a clinical predictive model for candidaemia in patients with candiduria
Authors: Wang Katie , Hsueh Kevin , Kronen Ryan , Lin Charlotte , Salazar Ana S. , Powderly William G. , Spec Andrej
Published: April 2019

Candidaemia is the most common clinical presentation of invasive candidiasis and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Candiduria is a predictor for candidaemia; however, patient characteristics that are associated with concurrent candidaemia in the setting of candiduria are unclear. Identifying these characteristics could aid in the early detection of systemic disease. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of hospitalised patients with candiduria at our institution over a 13‐year period. Our evaluation of patient characteristics included demographics, comorbidities, medications, procedures, devices, vital signs and laboratory values. We developed a multivariable logistic model to identify factors associated with candidaemia in patients with candiduria. We identified 4240 patients with candiduria, 263 (6.2%) of whom had candidaemia. Predictors for increased risk of candidaemia with candiduria included hospitalisations > 12 days, central venous catheter, parenteral nutrition, haematological and gynaecological malignancy, and receipt of β‐lactam/β‐lactamase inhibitors. Vital signs and laboratory values associated with candidaemia included elevated heart rate, temperature and creatinine, along with neutropenia and neutrophilia. Factors that demonstrated a decreased risk of candidaemia included diabetes mellitus, gastrostomy and urinary catheter with antibiotic use. The c‐statistic was 0.741 (95% CI, 0.710‐0.772). We identified a set of clinical characteristics that can predict the presence of candidaemia with candiduria.
Does Aprotinin Reduce the Blood Loss after Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Xu Jin , Ma Xin‐long
Published: April 2019

We perform a meta‐analysis from published randomized controlled trials to assess the efficacy and safety of aprotinin in total hip arthroplasty (THA). The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed (1966 to December 2018), EMBASE (1974 to December 2018), the Cochrane Library (1974 to December 2018), and Web of Science (1990 to December 2018). We also used Google Search to search for more potentially eligible studies up to December 2018. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed independently by the two reviewers described by the Cochrane Collaboration for Systematic Reviews. Data analysis was performed with STATA13.0. Four randomized controlled trials were included in the meta‐analysis. Our study indicated that intravenous aprotinin was associated with improved outcomes in terms of total blood loss, hemoglobin decline, and transfusion rates. There was no significant difference regarding the length of stay and the risk of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Intravenous aprotinin was effective and safe to use in reducing total blood loss after total hip arthroplasty. Further high‐quality studies are required to confirm the conclusion.
Creator, Christ, and Creation in Scientific DialogueKnowing Creation: Perspectives from Theology, Philosophy, and Science, Andrew B.Torrance and Thomas H.McCall (eds), Zondervan, 2018 (ISBN 978‐0‐310‐53613‐0), 352 pp., pb $39.99Christ and the Created Order: Perspectives from Theology, Philosophy, and Science, Andrew B.Torrance and Thomas H.McCall (eds), Zondervan, 2018 (ISBN 978‐0‐310‐53608‐6), 304 pp., pb $36.99
Authors: Penner Bradley M.
Published: April 2019

This review article will evaluate two companion volumes on the continuing dialogue between the natural sciences and Christian theology, particularly how the two disciplines mutually complement and reinforce one another because they are not in fundamental disagreement even though they have ultimately different subject matters, that is, the Triune God and his creation/natural world. We agree with the contributors that the disciplines of the natural sciences and Christian theology integrate well but not to the extent of an ultimate synthesis wherein they lose their distinct methodologies, epistemologies, and ontologies. Moreover, we will argue that even though Darwinian evolutionary theory is the reigning scientific paradigm, as accepted by the contributors, we believe that it is not the only one available to Christian theologians and thus other paradigms should have been given a voice in these volumes.
Addressing myths about exercise in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Wilund Kenneth R. , Jeong Jin Hee , Greenwood Sharlene A.
Published: April 2019

Despite decades of research, there are few published guidelines related to the safety and efficacy of exercise training in hemodialysis patients. This has led to disparate recommendations regarding the type, intensity, and timing for exercise, especially for patients with multiple comorbidities. Many common recommendations are not supported by research data, so their justification is uncertain. These recommendations include exercising in the first hour of dialysis; not exercising if hypertensive, cramping, or volume overloaded; avoiding heavy weights on vascular access limb; clinicians managing an exercise program; intradialytic exercise or interdialytic exercise is better; and strength training during dialysis is impractical. The purpose of this review is to describe the evidence that supports or refutes these beliefs. In summary, these beliefs or myths have generally led to an overly conservative approach to exercise that serves as a barrier to increasing physical activity levels in an overly sedentary population that could benefit from moving more.
Lao peasants on the move: Pathways of agrarian change in Laos
Authors: Cole Robert , Rigg Jonathan
Published: April 2019

Grant Evans’ body of work on Laos consistently sought to understand how peasant society responded to political, social and economic change. As the Lao peasantry became ever more integrated both nationally and within the wider Southeast Asian region, and relations of market exchange came to dominate rural life, Evans maintained the need to reflect on Laos’ peasant roots to understand resulting pathways of agrarian change. This paper reconnects with this discussion in the contemporary Lao context, focusing on three dimensions of mobility: the widening spatial and sectoral ‘footprints’ of rural livelihoods; physical movement within and beyond rural settings in Laos; and reflections on issues of differentiation. We first track the political and policy changes that have most strongly influenced rural life since Evans’ early research on collectivisation, before exploring ways in which spatial integration, subsistence‐to‐commercial transition and migration have situated the remnants of Lao peasant society in a world of flows.
Acute phase proteins and biomarkers of oxidative status in feline spontaneous malignant mammary tumours
Authors: Vilhena Hugo , Tvarijonaviciute Asta , Cerón José J. , Figueira Ana C. , Miranda Sónia , Ribeiro Ana , Canadas Ana , Dias‐Pereira Patrícia , Rubio Camila P. , Franco Lorena , Tecles Fernando , Cabeças Ricardo , Pastor Josep , Silvestre‐Ferreira Ana C.
Published: April 2019

Acute phase proteins (APP) and biomarkers of oxidative status change in human and canine mammary tumours, however, they have not been studied in feline mammary tumours. The aims of this study were to investigate the APP and antioxidant responses in feline malignant mammary tumours, to evaluate their relation with tumour features, and to assess their prognostic value. Serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), albumin, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), insulin‐like growth factor1 (IGF1), paraoxonase1 (PON1), total serum thiols (Thiol), glutathione peroxidase (GPox) and total antioxidant capacity determined by different assays, including trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assessed by two different methodologies (TEAC1/2), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), were determined in serum of 50 queens with spontaneous mammary carcinomas and of 12 healthy female cats. At diagnosis, diseased queens presented significantly higher SAA and Hp, and lower albumin, BChE, GPox, TEAC1, TEAC2 and CUPRAC than controls. Different tumour features influenced concentrations of APP and antioxidants. Increases in serum Hp, and decreases in albumin, Thiol and FRAP were significantly associated with neoplastic vascular emboli, metastasis in regional lymph nodes and/or in distant organs. Distant metastasis development during the course of the disease was associated with increases in SAA and TEAC1. At diagnosis, decreased albumin was associated with a longer survival, and BChE <1.15 μmoL/mL.minute was associated with a shorter survival time on multivariate analysis. Feline malignant mammary tumours are associated with an APP response and oxidative stress, and different tumour features influence the inflammatory response and the oxidative damage. Furthermore, some of these analytes proved to have prognostic value.
Protein restriction in early life increases intracellular calcium and insulin secretion, but does not alter expression of SNARE proteins during pregnancy
Authors: Marin Bianca Karine , de Lima Reis Silvia Regina , de Fátima Silva Ramalho Albina , Lemes Simone Ferreira , Marin Leonardo , Vanzela Emerielle Cristine , Boschero Antonio Carlos , Carneiro Everardo Magalhães , Latorraca Márcia Queiroz , Arantes Vanessa Cristina , de Barros Reis Marise Auxiliadora
Published: April 2019

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Does protein restriction in early life modify glucose‐induced insulin secretion by altering [Ca2+]i and the expression of SNARE proteins in pancreatic islets from pregnant rats?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Protein restriction in early life increased the first phase of glucose‐induced insulin secretion and [Ca2+]i without altering the expression of SNARE proteins during pregnancy. This finding contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of altered insulin secretion and might provide new perspectives for the development of therapeutic tools for gestational diabetes.

We investigated the kinetics of glucose‐induced insulin secretion and their relationship with [Ca2+]i and the expression of protein from exocytotic machinery in islets from recovered pregnant and long‐term protein‐deficient pregnant rats. Isolated islets were evaluated from control‐fed pregnant (CP), protein‐deficient pregnant (DP), control‐fed non‐pregnant (CNP) and protein‐deficient non‐pregnant (DNP) female adult rats, and from protein‐deficient pregnant (RP) and non‐pregnant (RNP) rats that were recovered after weaning. The insulin responses to glucose during the first phase of secretion were higher in RP than in CP groups, and both were higher than in the DP group. Islets from RP rats displayed a rapid increase in insulin release (first phase), followed by a plateau that was maintained thereafter. The [Ca2+]i in islets from the protein‐deficient groups was lower than in the control groups, and both were lower than in the RP and RNP groups. SNAP‐25 was increased in islets from pregnant rats independently of their nutritional status, and the syntaxin‐1A content was reduced in islets from the RP rats compared with the RNP rats. The VAMP2 content was similar among the groups. Thus, protein restriction during intrauterine life and lactation increased insulin secretion during pregnancy, attributable, in part, to increased [Ca2+]i, and independent of an alteration of expression of SNARE proteins.
A cien años de la matanza de Forrahue: digna sepultura para los comuneros mapuches
Authors: Cánovas Rodrigo
Published: April 2019

Este artículo comenta el libro Forrahue. Matanza de 1912, cuya autoría es de la comunidad indígena de Forrahue (comunidad mapuche situada en el sur de Chile) y del escritor mapuche Bernardo Colipán. Es un texto testimonial, que se presenta como un escrito legal para restablecer la verdad en el ámbito del relato histórico y de la memoria nacional chilena. Al ser un texto que incluye diagramas, fotos y textos escritos en diversos tipos de letras, hemos incluido activamente este registro intermedial en la lectura e interpretación de este artefacto cultural. En el ámbito simbólico, el libro es el lugar donde los cuerpos sin sepultura descansan, permitiendo el luto de una comunidad.
El giro documental en algunas producciones literarias y cinematográficas de hijos de desaparecidos en Argentina
Authors: Segade Lara
Published: April 2019

En los últimos años, es posible detectar que, en la literatura argentina, un giro documental ha venido a completar, ya que no a sustituir, el giro subjetivo al que una década atrás se refirió, entre otros autores, Beatriz Sarlo. En el cine argentino, algunos de los rasgos de este giro aparecen antes en relación con lo que Hal Foster llamó “retorno de lo real”. Este trabajo busca reflexionar en torno a las transformaciones que, en este sentido, tienen lugar tanto en la literatura como en el cine contemporáneos, a partir del análisis de una serie de libros y películas producidos por hijos de personas desaparecidas durante la última dictadura militar.
Potencias de la ficción: cine y literatura en Valencio Xavier
Authors: Cámara Mario
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo se propone abordar parte de la producción cinematográfica y literaria del autor brasileño Valencio Xavier, con el objetivo de encontrar zonas de contacto, reflexionar en torno a la figura de autor que emerge en ese contacto y proponer una serie de figuras que articulen y subsuman cine y literatura en una categoría más abarcativa.
La poesía política de Carlos Germán Belli
Authors: Vich Víctor
Published: April 2019

Este ensayo comenta la poesía de Carlos Germán Belli, escritor decisivo en la poesía hispanoamericana actual. Se concentra en analizar un conjunto de representaciones que aluden tanto a la estructura de la sociedad como a la producción de un sujeto funcional a ella. Estudia la representación de diversos mecanismos de dominación social, pero, a la vez, subraya los espacios de resistencia. El ensayo observa cómo se trata de una poesía que ofrece intensas (y muy tensas) dinámicas de poder y liberación, de control y utopía.
An Assessment of the Evolving Microstructural Model of Inelasticity Coupled With Dislocation- and Disclination-Based Incompatibilities
Authors: Adedoyin A. A. , Enakoutsa K. , Bammann D. J.
Published: April 2019

The evolving microstructural model of inelasticity (EMMI) previously developed as an improvement over the Bammann–Chiesa–Johnson (BCJ) material model is well known to describe the macroscopic nonlinear behavior of polycrystalline metals subjected to rapid external loads such as those encountered during high-rate events possibly near shock regime. The improved model accounts for deformation mechanisms such as thermally activated dislocation motion, generation, annihilation, and drag. It also accounts for the effects of material texture, recrystallization and grain growth and void nucleation, growth, and coalescence. The material incompatibilities, previously disregard in the aforementioned model, manifest themselves as structural misorientation where ductile failure often initiates are currently being considered. To proceed, the representation of material incompatibility is introduced into the EMMI model by incorporating the distribution of the geometrically necessary defects such as dislocations and disclination. To assess the newly proposed formulation, classical elastic solutions of benchmarks problems including far-field stress applied to the boundary of body containing a defect, e.g., voids, cracks, and dislocations, are used to compute the plastic velocity gradient for various states of the material in terms of assumed values of the internal state variables. The full-field state of the inelastic flow is then computed, and the spatial dependence of the dislocations and disclination density is determined. The predicted results shows good agreement with finding of dislocation theory.
Room temperature nanocavity laser with interlayer excitons in 2D heterostructures
Authors: Liu Yuanda , Fang Hanlin , Rasmita Abdullah , Zhou Yu , Li Juntao , Yu Ting , Xiong Qihua , Zheludev Nikolay , Liu Jin , Gao Weibo
Published: April 2019

We have reported the first room temperature nanocavity laser with interlayer excitons in 2D heterostructures.
Synthetic and living micropropellers for convection-enhanced nanoparticle transport
Authors: Schuerle S. , Soleimany A. P. , Yeh T. , Anand G. M. , Häberli M. , Fleming H. E. , Mirkhani N. , Qiu F. , Hauert S. , Wang X. , Nelson B. J. , Bhatia S. N.
Published: April 2019

Magnetically controlled synthetic and living micropropellers stir up nanoparticles for enhanced drug transport.
All-optical detection of interfacial spin transparency from spin pumping in β-Ta/CoFeB thin films
Authors: Panda S. N. , Mondal S. , Sinha J. , Choudhury S. , Barman A.
Published: April 2019

An all-optical method identifies the spin transparency for pure spin current transport through heavy metal/ferromagnet interface.
Enhancing superconductivity in SrTiO
3
films with strain
Authors: Ahadi Kaveh , Galletti Luca , Li Yuntian , Salmani-Rezaie Salva , Wu Wangzhou , Stemmer Susanne
Published: April 2019

A doubling of the superconducting transition temperature occurs in strained SrTiO
3
films, which are known to become ferroelectric.
Effect of Cessation of Ceftiofur and Substitution with Lincomycin-Spectinomycin on Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase/AmpC Genes and Multidrug Resistance in Escherichia coli from a Canadian Broiler Production Pyramid
Authors: Verrette L. , Fairbrother J. M. , Boulianne M.
Published: April 2019

Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem. The antimicrobial ceftiofur has been used worldwide for disease prevention in poultry production, resulting in a greatly increased resistance to this antimicrobial important in poultry and human medicine. Our study examined the impact of ceftiofur cessation and its replacement with the antimicrobial combination lincomycin-spectinomycin, a common practice in the industry. Our study demonstrated a decrease in ceftiofur resistance after the cessation of ceftiofur use, although the resistance genes remain ubiquitous in all phases of poultry production, showing that poultry remains a reservoir for ceftiofur resistance and requiring continued vigilance. We also observed a decrease in multidrug resistance involving different antimicrobial classes after cessation of ceftiofur but an increase following use of lincomycin-spectinomycin, indicating that this antimicrobial use should be questioned. Reduced resistance to ceftiofur in poultry may translate to better treatment efficacy, decreased morbidity/mortality, and enhanced food safety for humans.
Microbial Communities in Different Developmental Stages of the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, Are Associated with Differentially Expressed Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein-Encoding Genes
Authors: Huang Hongmei , Li Huijing , Ren Lu , Cheng Daifeng
Published: April 2019

Microorganisms are ubiquitous in insects and have widespread impacts on multiple aspects of insect biology. However, the microorganisms present in insects can change dramatically in different developmental stages, and it is critical to maintain the appropriate microorganisms in specific host developmental stages. Therefore, analysis of the factors associated with the microbiota in specific development stages of the host is needed. In this study, we applied suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) combined with transcriptome analysis to investigate whether the microbiota in development stages of the Oriental fruit fly,
Bactrocera dorsalis
, is associated with expression of PGRP genes. We found that two different PGRP genes were specifically expressed during development and that these genes may be associated with changes in microbial communities in different developmental stages of
B. dorsalis
.
The Dream of a Mycobacterium
Authors: Baranowski Catherine , Rego E. Hesper , Rubin Eric J.
Published: April 2019

How do mycobacteria divide? Cell division has been studied extensively in the model rod-shaped bacteria
Escherichia coli
and
Bacillus subtilis
, but much less is understood about cell division in mycobacteria, a genus that includes the major human pathogens
M. tuberculosis
and
M. leprae
. In general, bacterial cell division requires the concerted effort of many proteins in both space and time to elongate the cell, replicate and segregate the chromosome, and construct and destruct the septum - processes which result in the creation of two new daughter cells. Here, we describe these distinct stages of cell division in
B. subtilis
and follow with the current knowledge in mycobacteria. As will become apparent, there are many differences between mycobacteria and
B. subtilis
in terms of both the broad outline of cell division and the molecular details. So, while the fundamental challenge of spatially and temporally organizing cell division is shared between these rod-shaped bacteria, they have solved these challenges in often vastly different ways.
Are preschool children active enough in Shanghai: an accelerometer-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Quan Minghui , Zhang Hanbin , Zhang Jiayi , Zhou Tang , Zhang Jinming , Zhao Guanggao , Fang Hui , Sun Shunli , Wang Ru , Chen Peijie
Published: April 2019

Objective

Engaging in physical activity (PA) plays an important role in promoting physical and mental health, but the PA data for Chinese preschool children are lacking. This study aims to objectively assess the PA levels of preschool children in Shanghai, China and to evaluate their PA levels relative to age-specific recommendations.

Design, setting and participants

A cross-sectional study was conducted among preschool children in Shanghai, city of China. There were a total of 303 preschool children (boys, 174; girls, 129) recruited from eight kindergarten classes in the Yangpu and Baoshan Districts of Shanghai.

Main outcome measures

Daily PA was assessed using ActiGraph GT3X+accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Children were required to have data from at least 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day, with a minimum daily wear time of 480 min to be included in the analysis.

Results

Preschool children in Shanghai accumulated, on average, 70.9 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and 168.0 min of total PA (TPA) per day (d). Boys engaged in more MVPA and TPA than girls (72.8 min/day vs 68.3 min/day and 171.9 min/day vs 162.9 min/day, respectively). Overall, 72.9% of the participants met the age-specific recommendations of MVPA, while 35.3% met TPA recommendations.

Conclusions

Findings of this study warn of the insufficiency of PA in Shanghai preschool children, suggesting there is substantial room to improve their PA.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR-OOC-15007439; Results.
Effect of deinstitutionalisation on quality of life for adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review
Authors: McCarron Mary , Lombard-Vance Richard , Murphy Esther , May Peter , Webb Naoise , Sheaf Greg , McCallion Philip , Stancliffe Roger , Normand Charles , Smith Valerie , O’Donovan Mary-Ann
Published: April 2019

Objective

To review systematically the evidence on how deinstitutionalisation affects quality of life (QoL) for adults with intellectual disabilities.

Design

Systematic review.

Population

Adults (aged 18 years and over) with intellectual disabilities.

Interventions

A move from residential to community setting.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Studies were eligible if evaluating effect on QoL or life quality, as defined by study authors.

Search

We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, CINAHL, EconLit, Embase and Scopus to September 2017 and supplemented this with grey literature searches. We assessed study quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme suite of tools, excluding those judged to be of poor methodological quality.

Results

Thirteen studies were included; eight quantitative studies, two qualitative, two mixed methods studies and one case study. There was substantial agreement across quantitative and qualitative studies that a move to community living was associated with improved QoL. QoL for people with any level of intellectual disabilities who move from any type of institutional setting to any type of community setting was increased at up to 1 year postmove (standardised mean difference [SMD] 2.03; 95% CI [1.21 to 2.85], five studies, 246 participants) and beyond 1 year postmove (SMD 2.34. 95% CI [0.49 to 4.20], three studies, 160 participants), with total QoL change scores higher at 24 months comparative to 12 months, regardless of QoL measure used.

Conclusion

Our systematic review demonstrated a consistent pattern that moving to the community was associated with improved QoL compared with the institution. It is recommended that gaps in the evidence base, for example, with regard to growing populations of older people with intellectual disability and complex needs are addressed.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018077406.
Limited external reproducibility restricts the use of medical record review for benchmarking
Authors: Klein Dorthe O , Rennenberg Roger , Gans Rijk , Enting Roelien , Koopmans Richard , Prins Martin H
Published: April 2019

Background

Medical record review (MRR) is used to assess the quality and safety in hospitals. It is increasingly used to compare institutions. Therefore, the external reproducibility should be high. In the current study, we evaluated this external reproducibility for the assessment of an adverse event (AE) in a sample of records from two university medical centres in the Netherlands, using the same review method.

Methods

From both hospitals, 40 medical records were randomly chosen from patient files of deceased patients that had been evaluated in the preceding years by the internal review committees. After reviewing by the external committees, we assessed the overall and kappa agreement by comparing the results of both review rounds (once by the own internal committee and once by the external committee). This was calculated for the presence of an AE, preventability and contribution to death.

Results

Kappa for the presence of AEs was moderate (k=0.47). For preventability, the agreement was fair (k=0.39) and poor for contribution to death (k=−0.109).

Conclusion

We still believe that MRR is suitable for the detection of general issues concerning patient safety. However, based on the outcomes of this study, we would advise to be careful when using MRR for benchmarking.
Carbon dioxide rebreathing induced by crib bumpers and mesh liners using an infant manikin
Authors: Maltese Matthew R , Leshner Michael
Published: April 2019

Objectives

Quantify impaired respiration in currently marketed crib bumpers (CBs), mesh liners (MLs) and alternative products (ALTs) used to attenuate the interaction between the baby and the crib sides and elucidate the relationship between impaired respiration and permeability.

Methods

We experimentally quantified carbon dioxide rebreathing (CO2RB) via an infant manikin and air permeability via previously published test protocols, in commercially available CBs, MLs and ALTs.

Results

Differences in CO2RB in ML (median [m]=8.2%, 25th percentile [P25]=6.8, 75th percentile [P75]=8.6), ALT (m=10.5%, P25=9.8, P75=10.7) and CB (m=11.6%, P25=10.2, P75=14.3) were significant (p<0.0001). For comparison, manikin tests with a pacifier yielded CO2RB of 5.6%–5.9%, blanket draped over the face/torso yielded CO2RB of 7.7%–8.6% and stuffed animal in various positions yielded CO2RB from 6.1% to 16.1%. Differences in permeability between ML (m=529.5 cubic feet per minute [CFM], P25=460, P75=747.5), ALT (m=29.0 CFM, P25=27.7, P75=37.7) and CB (m=46.6 CFM, P25=30.1, P75=58.7) groups were significant (p<0.0001). CO2RB was poorly correlated with air permeability (max R2=0.36). In a subset of tests, CB CO2RB increased by 50%–80% with increasing penetration force, whereas the ML CO2RB was nominally unchanged.

Conclusions

Government agencies and standards organisations are presently considering regulation of bedding including CBs. As paediatricians are consulted in the development of such regulations, our findings that permeability by itself was a poor predictor of CO2RB should be considered.
Delayed presentation of uterine and bowel perforation following insertion of an intrauterine device
Authors: Reynolds-Wright John Joseph , Heller Rebecca L
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Insertion of intrauterine methods of contraception (IUC) carries an inherent but small risk of perforation of the uterus, usually quoted at 2 in 1000. If perforation occurs, it is usually discovered either when a patient presents with ‘missing threads’ or with an unplanned pregnancy. Rarely, if the IUC has perforated bowel, patients can present acutely unwell although this sometimes occurs years after insertion. Asymptomatic perforation of the bowel (with IUC insertion or otherwise) is not common.

Case history

In January 2018, a 41-year-old woman attended our community sexual and reproductive health service requesting removal of her intrauterine system (IUS). The clinic nurse performed this and during the consultation the patient revealed that several days earlier she had passed a previous ‘lost’ intrauterine device (IUD) when she opened her bowels. She came to believe this was an IUD inserted in 2006 that had been ‘lost’ and resulted in a pregnancy with her third child. We counselled her about her options and she had the IUS removed as she was worried this could happen again and opted to use condoms.

Conclusion

This case reports an unusual presentation of a delayed and importantly ‘silent’ perforation of the uterus and bowel on insertion of IUC. The case highlights the importance of cross-specialty communication when an IUD has perforated or expelled resulting in a continuing pregnancy, so that appropriate imaging can be arranged following delivery of the baby.
Improvement in geriatric trauma outcomes in an evolving trauma system
Authors: Ringen Amund Hovengen , Gaski Iver Anders , Rustad Hege , Skaga Nils Oddvar , Gaarder Christine , Naess Paal Aksel
Published: April 2019

Background

The elderly trauma patient has increased mortality compared with younger patients. During the last 15 years, initial treatment of severely injured patients at Oslo University Hospital Ulleval (OUHU) has changed resulting in overall improved outcomes. Whether this holds true for the elderly trauma population needs exploration and was the aim of the present study.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of 2628 trauma patients 61 years or older admitted to OUHU during the 12-year period, 2002–2013. The population was stratified based on age (61–70 years, 71–80 years, 81 years and older) and divided into time periods: 2002–2009 (P1) and 2010–2013 (P2). Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to identify clinically relevant core variables correlated with mortality and trauma team activation rate.

Results

Crude mortality decreased from 19% in P1 to 13% in P2 (p<0.01) with an OR of 0.77 (95 %CI 0.65 to 0.91) when admitted in P2. Trauma team activation rates increased from 53% in P1 to 72% in P2 (p<0.01) with an OR of 2.16 (95% CI 1.93 to 2.41) for being met by a trauma team in P2. Mortality increased from 10% in the age group 61–70 years to 26% in the group above 80 years. Trauma team activation rates decreased from 71% in the age group 61–70 years to 50% in the age group older than 80 years. Median ISS were 17 in all three age groups and in both time periods.

Discussion

Development of a multidisciplinary dedicated trauma service is associated with increased trauma team activation rate as well as survival in geriatric trauma patients. As expected, mortality increased with age, although inversely related to the likelihood of being met by a trauma team. Trauma team activation should be considered for all trauma patients older than 70 years.

Level of evidence

Level IV.