bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation without systemic anticoagulation for complex multi-organ system trauma patient
Authors: Abdelaty Mohamed , Fawzy Ibrahim Hassan , Abdussalam Ahmed
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Use of ECMO has been shown to be an acceptable intervention for patients with respiratory failure refractory to optimal ventilator management. As experience with ECMO grows the indications for its use are also expanding.

Case: Our patient is a 20-year-old female who was found lying on the roadside after being hit by a moving vehicle. She was rushed into the trauma room where she was intubated for low Glasgow coma scale, CT head, chest, abdomen and pelvis showed severe head injury with possible diffuse axonal injury, blunt chest injury, blunt abdominal injury with splenic injury was admitted under the care of TICU, repeat CT head showed multiple hemorrhagic contusions. Ventriculostomy with ICP monitoring device was inserted. She was aggressively treated for severe brain injury by neuroprotective interventions. Over following days had severe ARDS. Despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, lung protective ventilation, HFOV, patient had severe hypoxemia. Patient was evaluated for ECMO despite her severe neurological injury with ICH, possible poor neurological recovery. After discussions involving primary team, ECMO was considered initiated using femoral-Jugular cannulation. No systemic anticoagulation was used. Tracheostomy was placed and was weaned off ECMO over next week. ECMO decannulation was performed on 7th day. Patient had multiple interventions by the orthopaedic, weaned off decannulation in 18 days and tracheostomy was closed. Patient had neurological recovery was discharged to the rehabilitation.

Discussion: ECMO is an established salvage therapy for profound respiratory failure and the need for systemic anticoagulation has often contraindicated its use in patients with severe intracranial pathology, and in particular, recent hemorrhage like our patient. Advances in circuit and oxygenator technology have challenged this concern and cases of ECMO support with intracranial pathology have been recently described. Risks and benefits of systemic anticoagulation need to be considered during ECMO support.

Conclusions: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an acceptable therapy for patients with profound respiratory failure secondary to trauma and intracranial pathology contraindicating the use of systemic anticoagulation.
The impact of PHCC infection control protocol in high-risk primary healthcare centers in the prevention of healthcare MERS-CoV outbreaks
Authors: Elawad Khalid , Marufu Ogra , Abd Farag Elmoubasher
Published: May 2017

The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging infection that causes severe illness in patients, particularly those with comorbidities; and has a high mortality rate. Healthcare associated outbreaks have been reported across the Gulf region and the Republic of Korea. While there have been cases of MERS-CoV in Qatar, no healthcare associated outbreaks have been reported. The aim of this paper is to give a description of the infection prevention and control protocol implemented by the Primary Health Care Corporation to manage suspected or probable cases of MERS-CoV in the primary health care setting. This paper focuses on Alshahania Health Centre which is considered to be a high risk area due to its proximity to the camel shelter and race track. In order to gain an understanding of how patients visiting the health center are managed. Data was collected through a visit to the Alshahania Health Centre which included discussions with staff and documentation review. Our findings show that the infection control protocol implemented at Alshahania Health Centre is very robust and ensures that staff has clearly defined responsibilities in the management of a suspected case of MERS-CoV. A dedicated Isolation Team ensures a timely risk assessment is carried out which then triggers actions that reduce the risk of exposure to both patients and staff. The experience at Alshahania Health Centre also demonstrates that good communication and leadership are important factors in order to successfully embed infection control in clinical practice and prevent healthcare associated outbreaks of MERS-CoV.
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) in pre-hospital care: Our 4-year experience in designing and implementing Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG)
Authors: Campbell Craig Brendan , Al Shaikh Loua Asad Hanna , Kuhne Jorg , Castle Nicholas , Pillay Bernard , Lourens Andrit , Pillay Yugan , Howard Ian , Govender Pregalathan , Sayo Joel , Ramos Roumel
Published: May 2017

Background: In 2011, HMCAS designed new Evidence-Based CPG. The previous protocols were not fit for purpose and not best practice. The service had multiple tiers of clinical practice among staff without standardization of care. CPG development is a knowledge management process to ensure standardization of care and a safer patient experience. This research sets out learning from two rounds of CPG development over 4 years.

Methods: The guidelines development process was mapped prior to starting in January 2015. CPG development and implementation went through 5 steps: 1. Scoping the guidelines: defining the purpose, the scope of service, and the end users of the guidelines. We conducted a staff survey to understand their views on presentation and purpose. 2. Establishing a working group to identify specific guidelines, clinical outcomes desired, and develop a writing template. 3. Conducting evidence reviews to draft the guidelines and then consulting with all role players to ensure guidelines are best practice and practical, and aligned to clinical pathways. 4. Guidelines publication considering ease of use, clarity, and balance between details and practicality. Finally, guidelines approval. 5. Guidelines implementation: Identifying champions to action alignment to systems (logistics/governance/management) and to redesign the corresponding educational curriculum.

Results: The development and implementation of the guidelines has resulted in significant changes within the Ambulance Service over 4 years. Reducing multiple tiers of care down to two tiers, standardized education of 900 existing and new clinical staff around guidelines, implementation of standardized pre-packed equipment within the ambulances, and standardized care to the community. This project was recognized by the MD's Stars of Excellence award 2013.

Conclusions: To implement standardized care and EBM, CPG are required. Guidelines development and implementation needs expertise, collaborative development, and champions who will undertake deliberate alignment of service activities and education to the guidelines.
Service evaluation of ultrasound guided fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) for hip fracture patients in a District General Hospital, London
Authors: Suresh Kumar Thirumoorthy Samy , Roache Rainbow , Ramazany Mehrad
Published: May 2017

Background: Hip fractures are very common in UK population (excluding Scotland) accounting for 64102 hospital admissions in 2014. FCIB is part of a best practice tariff and a quality indicator audited annually by the National Hip Fracture Database in UK, as part of NICE clinical guidelines. The ED protocol for fracture neck of femur (NOF) includes fascia Iliaca compartment block (FICB), which is a new service development as part of treatment.

Study objectives: To assess whether all patients with NOF were getting FICB prior to transfer from ED and to asses if FICB gave adequate pain relief.

Methods: A retrospective study new service evaluation was carried out on 58 patients admitted to orthopaedic ward from the ED with a diagnosis of fracture NOF. Exclusion criteria was contraindication to compartment blocks. This study focussed on the care received by the patients in the ED during the period from October 2014 to March 2015. A data collection spread sheet was developed with parameters based on the NICE guidelines, RCEM guidelines and the trust policy for performing FICB.

Results: Of the 58 cases, 51.72% of these received FICB and were documented. Of these 63.3% of patients had FICB performed within 4 hours of arrival to ED. The other 49% lacked evidence for FICB, assumed it was not done. Post-block pain scores were poorly documented. 82% of the blocks were performed by non-consultant doctors. One case of block failure and side effect.

Conclusion: This new service benefited patients with hip fracture, however has issues relating to compliance and consistency of service delivery and all efforts should be made to improve these.
Demographic variation of cancer incidence in Jordan 2001–2011 (age and sex an example)
Authors: Arqowb Kamal Hasan
Published: May 2017

Background: Age and sex are major determinants of cancer incidence. The objective of the study is to explore epidemiology of cancer in Jordan by age and sex for 2001–2011.

Methods: Descriptive study done, cases were identified from Jordan cancer registry (JCR), all Jordanian cancers patients that diagnosed and registered in 2001–2011 were included variables collected SPSS 20 used for analysis.

Results: Total number of cases in JCR were (45063), 22009 (48.8%) were males (23054) (51.2%) were females, M:F ratio 0.95:1. There is difference of distribution of cancer cases by age group, sex, (41.5%) of the cases in < 60 years, Male (57.7%) than female (42.3%), while females (60.1%) more common in the age group 30–59 years than males (39.9%), in the age>15 years males (57.8%) were more than female (42.2%). Top ten cancers in by different age groups: leukemia, lymphoma, and brain were predominant cancers in 0–19 years in both sexes, while breast cancer is the commonest cancer in female in 20–49 years then thyroid cancer. In males, lymphoma and colorectal are the commonest. In the age group < 50 years breast cancer (33.7%), again is the first in females followed by colorectal cancer (12.1%) while in males lung cancer (14.8%), colorectal (14.5%) and prostate cancers (11.6%) are the commonest.

Conclusion: There is variation of percentages of top ten cancers by different age groups in Jordan compared with other countries, efforts and attention to each age group and sex with type of cancer should be consider in cancer prevention. Further detailed studies about risk factors of cancer to age group and sex. Considering these data about age and sex in cancer screening programs in the future.
Compartment syndrome- A rare complication of intraosseous access in adult patients
Authors: Khan Ashfaq , Gopala Pillai Suresh Kumar
Published: May 2017

Background: Intraosseous (IO) access are being widely used in resuscitation of patients with difficult intra-venous (IV) access. The United Kingdom Resuscitation Council guidelines recommend the use of IO access, after two minutes of failed IV access in adult patients or two failed IV attempts in pediatric patients. There are various complications associated with IO access such as extravasation of the infusion fluid or medications, bleeding, infection and pain1. Compartment syndrome is a rare complication associated with IO access. This is reported commonly in children where in certain cases the affected limb required amputation. We report a case where an adult patient developed compartment syndrome secondary to IO access.

Methods: A 52-year-old lady who was on dialysis for renal failure presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with septic shock. She was in peri-arrest and had a difficult IV access. Therefore an IO needle was inserted to her right tibia and resuscitation was carried out with fluids and medications. She required emergency intubation and ventilation and was later admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The following day, it was found that she developed a compartment syndrome of the right lower leg where she had the IO access.

Results: Patient was taken to the theatre for an urgent fasciotomy of the affected leg by the orthopedic surgeons with input from plastic surgeons. She made a steady but full recovery and was discharged home later.

Conclusions: Compartment syndrome is a rare complication of IO access (0.6%) 1. Careful monitoring of the IO site is recommended. It is advisable to remove the IO needle once a definitive IV access is established.

1. Complication with Intraosseous Access: Scandinavian Users' Experience. Hallas et al. West J Emerg Med. 2013 Sep; 14(5): 440–443.
Immunization coverage among children 12–23 months of age and reasons for non-immunization, Bahr Alarab Locality, East Darfur State, 2015
Authors: Ali Tawfeeg Hassan
Published: May 2017

Background: Vaccine preventable diseases continue to kill large numbers of young children each year UNICEF estimates that 1.2 million deaths to children under five years of age could be prevented at low cost by vaccinating children. For example, it is estimated that measles related deaths have been reduced from about 2.5 million per year in 1980 to less than one million in 1990 (2)-a decline of more than 60 percent during the decade of the 1980s.

Purpose: Vaccinations are one of the most cost effective means to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases. The introduction of the vaccine has led to nearly a 90–100 percent reduction in target disease morbidity and mortality.

Methods: The information was collected used adopted WHO cluster survey 210 children to satisfy the research objectives_30 clusters with respondent in each were randomly chosen.

Findings: The result obtained showed that: Percentage of coverage with the BCG the number of vaccinated children by card (143) and from memory (12) with total percentage 74% and non-immunized (55) 26% for Penta3 and OPV3 the coverage was (57%) and the PCV3 coverage was (71%). The major reasons for non-immunization were unawareness of need for immunization or not able to return back to the second or third doses because of long distance and finance constrain. The study recommended that Strengthen social mobilization to increase routine immunization coverage and screening of defaulter children during the campaigns besides spending more efforts to decrease the dropout rate.

Conclusion: Darfur conflict during last decade, leads to massive population movement (nomads – refugees) that can threat the coverage all targeted children and reach every area but EPI in Sudan do effort to cover all population during campaign and routine immunization.
Trends of the management of acute meningococcal septicaemia in Al-Nasser Paediatric Hospital, Gaza, Palestine
Authors: Al Barqouni Nabil M.A , Shorafa Awni Al , Dabour Belal , Albarqouni Loai N
Published: May 2017

Backgrounds: Infection with Neisseria meningitides can produce a variety of clinical manifestations. Mortality and long-term morbidity can be very high in patients with invasive meningococcal disease if the infection is not treated appropriately. Our main objective was to evaluate mortality of all children admitted with acute meningococcal septicaemia (AMS).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of all paediatric-cases of acute meningococcal septicaemia admitted to Al-Nasser Paediatric Hospital, the largest paediatric hospital in Gaza Strip, between January-2009 and September-2015. All AMS cases were diagnosed based on the clinical presentation, skin smear and blood culture. Outcome measures were predicted mortality using Paediatric Risk of Mortality score III (PRISM III), actual mortality and standardised mortality ratio.

Results: A total of 240-children were admitted with proven AMS. Aged range from 1-month to 12-years, and 113 of them (47%) were male. The number of admitted children with AMS was decreased from 47–59 cases/year in the 2009–2011 period to 21–22 cases/year in the 2012-201. The total mortality predicted by PRISM III was 25.56%, however the actual overall mortality was 49 children (20.8%): 16(48.5%) aged less than-a-year, 17(22.1%) 1–3 year-old, 9(18.8%) 3–5 year-old and 7(8.5%) 5–12 year-old (p value = 0.00299). Standardised mortality ratio was 0.814. Forty-one children (82%) were died within the first 24-hours of admission. Sixty-nine (28.8%) children received corticosteroid, 85(35.4%) received inotropic medications and 46(19.2%) required mechanical ventilation for a median of 24-hours. In 75(31.3%) children, AMS was associated with meningitis. Multi-organ failure (n = 22, 9.2%) was the most common complication, followed by skin necrosis (n = 13, 5.4%), convulsions (n = 13, 5.4%), and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (n = 10, 4.2%).

Interpretation: The mortality rate of the disease still high, however, this can be explained by the high predicted score of mortality, which reflect the severity of admitted cases. The mortality was significantly associated with younger age-group. New model of treatment (e.g. plasmapheresis) may be useful in decreasing mortality.
Pediatric parapneumonic effusion and empyema - Criteria to predict the need for surgical intervention
Authors: Janahi Ibrahim , Habib Fajish , Mathew Vinu , Al Khair Abdul Hafeez M , Kayoum Anas Abdul , Kini Vishwanatha
Published: May 2017

To assess if stratification of patients based on clinical severity, laboratory markers and radiological findings at presentation would enable better prediction for the need for a surgical intervention. Single-centre retrospective cohort study done in the in-patient pediatric wards of a tertiary care centre in the State of Qatar. Participants – 56 children (aged 6 months – 14 years) with empyema or parapneumonic effusion, from July 2009- June 2013. Patients were classified into mild and severe clinical presentation based on the 2011 British thoracic society (BTS) pneumonia guidelines. Interventions were categorized as conservative (antibiotics only), non-conservative (antibiotic and surgical intervention). The values of CRP, ESR, WBC count, upon admission and follow up were also assessed, along with pleural fluid markers such as LDH, glucose and PH. The chest X-ray and chest USG were also assessed for severity and loculations. Of the 56 patients included, 29 (52%) had severe and 27 (48%) had mild clinical presentation. 26 patients (46.4%) were managed conservatively, while 30 patients (53.6%) required intervention. Younger patients (3.8 ± 3 years) tend to have increased risk for intervention, severe clinical presentation and loculations on USG. Age ≤  5 years, severe clinical presentation, serum WBC count ≥ 20,000/mm3, ESR ≥ 80 mm/hr, serum CRP ≥ 100 mg/dl, moderate to severe effusion on chest radiograph and presence of loculation on USG individually increased the likelihood for a surgical intervention in pediatric patients with parapneumonic effusion. Having ≥  4 out of 7 criteria accurately predicted a high risk for the need for surgical intervention (OR-6.93, 95%CI-1.2-37, p-0.023, sensitivity 72%, specificity 73%). Having ≥  4 out of 7 criteria accurately predicted a high risk for the need for surgical intervention. Prospective trials are recommended to see if this would enable homogeneity in deciding when to intervene in patients with parapneumonic effusion thereby reducing the LOS and cost-burden on the healthcare system.
Creating a sustainable mission
Authors: Brickman Kristopher , Ramsey Tyson , Crosby Brianna , Kazan Viviane , Kakish Edward
Published: May 2017

Background: Medical missions have become a part of the Global Health Programs at many academic institutions. Commonly these programs involve annual trips to locations in the United States and around the world. The University of Toledo Medical Center (UTMC) sought to develop a sustainable mission that has educational and clinical value to both the local community and academic institution.

Methods: The Department of Emergency Medicine at UTMC has worked with Salud Total, a small health clinic in La Ceiba, Honduras. Salud Total is staffed by a general practitioner, nurse and ancillary staff. During a mission the clinical volume increases over 100 patients a day. UTMC staff and senior ED residents see general medical complaints and perform small surgical procedures. Specialists, such as cardiologists and obstetricians see those needing specialty care. Education is provided in the form of bedside clinical teaching and materials distributed to staff and patients.

Results: This mission has provided clinical services to an underserved population, providing specialty medical care that otherwise was unavailable to these patients. Returning every 3 to 4 months allows the mission team to follow-up on treatment or procedures initiated on prior visits and provides the opportunity to advance clinical care through ongoing teaching and education.

Conclusions: Through our approach, we have enhanced clinical capabilities, increased the knowledge and skill set of the local practitioner as well as provided education to the patient and local community. Future expansion involves incorporation of telemedicine to provide real-time support for this clinic population and medical staff.
Case report: Gallbladder volvulus
Authors: Mohammed Razana Verupurath
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Gallbladder volvulus is a rare entity, with a predilection for elderly women in their 7th or 8th decades of life. The condition results in rotation of the gallbladder on its mesentery along the axis of cystic duct and artery. Presence of redundant mesentery is a prerequisite. The disease is a frequent mimicker of acute cholecystitis, often difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Till date only about 300 cases have been reported in the literature, with children and adolescent presentations being exceedingly rare.

Case description: We report a case of an 18-year-old female who presented to emergency with right upper quadrant pain for a day associated with repeated vomiting. The patient was stable, had tenderness in right hypochondrium. Patient was evaluated as a potential case of acute cholecystitis. Laboratory investigations have shown normal white cell count, double normal liver function tests. Ultrasound showed that the gallbladder was out of the fossa with significant edema and wall thickness suggestive of gallbladder torsion. Further workup with MRCP was done, which showed retrohepatic gallbladder, with partial volvulus and hemorrhagic acalcular cholecystitis. The patient underwent laparoscopic detorsion and cholecystectomy and had an intraoperative evidence of gallbladder volvulus with gangrene with an uneventful course of hospital stay.

Conclusion: We believe that this may be the first documented case of this rare condition from Qatar. Gallbladder volvulus mostly occurs in elderly, but it might occur in young patients as well and should be included in differential diagnosis of abdominal pain. Ultrasound is a safe, feasible diagnostic tool, as sensitive as MRI in diagnosis of gallbladder volvulus.
Public health emergency: Review on cholera preparedness and response Sudan, 2015
Authors: Alhussien Samah Ali Mohamed , Hassan Deena Mohamed Abdelgadir , Bashab Hind Mohammed , Mohammednour Salim Abderhman
Published: May 2017

Background: The last cholera epidemic in Sudan occurred in 2006/07, over 20,000 cases (4% case fatality rate) were recorded, index case was coming from South Sudan. In regard to recent outbreak in South Sudan June 2015, Sudan carried out preparedness procedures to prevent cholera spread. The uncontrollable open borders and the South Sudan refugees-over 198,000 – settled in Sudan poses a great cholera spread risk.

Objective: To illustrate cholera preparedness and response activities.

Methods: Comprehensive study utilize data collected from reports of cholera higher committee, investigation for cholera rumors, risk assessment missions for refugee camps and preparedness strengthening missions to States bordering South Sudan.

Findings: Higher committee was developed to undertake and follow preparedness activities under areas of surveillance, health promotion, environmental health, case management and points of entry (POE). Surveillance system was enhanced in all sentinel sites (1522) including refugee camps, daily zero reports were activated. Training for Rapid response teams and health cadres at hospital were achieved in all States with (70%) of the target. 39 rumors for cholera were investigated, laboratory test indicated negative results. Regarding case management; Cholera kits, protocols and leaflets were distributed to all States, isolation areas were established in Khartoum and bordering States. Preventative precautions at POE were implemented to rehabilitated isolation area at Khartoum airport and establish case referral system. Trips coming from South Sudan were observed throughout the period of the outbreak and leaflet distributed to passengers Actions were carried out urgently to allow chlorination of water in all States and provide deep trench latrines with 50% of target with focusing on refugee camps. Administration of cholera vaccine recommended by WHO assessment mission at refugee camps.

Conclusion: Significant government and partners commitment to avail resources was observed. Efforts done lead to reduce possibility of cholera spread especially at refugee camps.
Viral hepatitis C serological and behavioral survey among single male laborers in Qatar
Authors: Al Romaihi Hamad Eid , Farag Elmoubasher , Al-Hajri Mohd Alhajri , Al Thani Mohammed , Al-Masri Hana , Ismail Ahmed , Shawky Drph Sherine , Al Molawi Naema
Published: May 2017

Background: Hepatitis C viral infection is a public health concern worldwide and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in several countries that supply the State of Qatar with many of its laborers. The objectives were to measure the prevalence of hepatitis C viral infection among single male laborers; detect the practices that may catalyze the spread of the infection; and assess the knowledge gap.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 and involved 504 expatriate single male laborers seeking health care in two Qatar Red Crescent health centers.

Results: Results showed that only 5% of the total participants have ever been tested for hepatitis C and positive serology was detected in 4 respondents (0.8%), three of them from Egypt and one from Nepal. Three out of the 4 positive cases did not know they were infected and 2.5% lived with someone harboring the infection. Respondents appeared to have varying healthcare needs with 57% subject to medical procedures outside Qatar. Various risk practices for hepatitis C infection were reported including ear/body piercing (21.9%), tattooing (13.3%), contact with blood (17.0%), sharing personal equipment (12.2%) and injecting with used needles or syringes (7.4%). Less than 40% of respondents had knowledge of all modes of hepatitis C transmission.

Conclusion: Further actions notably building HCV monitoring system, setting a prevention plan, building screening strategy were need to be complemented by a contract renewal or a 3-year screening policy.
Para ser humanos necesitamos ser libres
Authors: Montoya Aquiles
Published: May 2017

El ser humano es el único ser vivo que por su naturaleza puede ser libre. El trabajo es una necesidad interna al ser humano y es que el trabajo como actividad libre y consciente, es una forma de realización humana. En el capitalismo, no sólo estamos acabando con la naturaleza, sino que impedimos la plena realización humana. Nos hemos transformado en depredadores de toda forma de vida. Si no transformamos esta forma histórica de sociedad, corremos el peligro de no tener historia, porque ya no habría seres humanos.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 131, 2012: 53-64
La recuperación de lo económico desde el corazón de la economía
Authors: Gómez Moisés
Published: May 2017

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 131, 2012: 105-110
A quien fue un verdadero maestro: Aquiles Montoya
Authors: Cañas Gladys , Castro Diana , Chacón Nathalie , De Paz Adonay , García Marielos
Published: May 2017

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 131, 2012: 111-127
¿Es ésta la despedida? (Carta al Maestro Aquiles Montoya)
Authors: Escobar Beatriz
Published: May 2017

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 131, 2012: 129-131
Veinte años después: Hablan los actores de los Acuerdos de Paz
Authors: Aguiñada Carranza Mario
Published: May 2017

El presente trabajo es un fragmento de un libro inédito sobre los Acuerdos de Paz. En él, se recogen los testimonios de primera mano de los actores políticos involucrados en el proceso de paz. Este trabajo permite apreciar la complejidad de este proceso, en el cual, además del gobierno y el FMLN, jugaron un papel importante las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, el empresariado y los partidos políticos.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 132, 2012: 193-229
La rebelión de los límites, la crisis de la deuda y el vaciamiento de la democracia
Authors: Hinkelammert Franz
Published: May 2017

Vivimos en una economía que depende del crecimiento,pero cada vez se hace más obvio que el crecimiento está llegando a sus límites. Parece difícilmente posible mantener un nivel de crecimiento como en las décadas pasadas. Lo que se puede esperar son aumentos del crecimiento a plazos más bien cortos que pronto volverán a colapsar: una especie de decadencia del sistema. Esto tienen que tomarlo en cuenta todos los planes de una reactivación del crecimiento. Hemos derribado todos los límites y llegamos hoy a nuevos límites, cuya existencia la humanidad antes ni sospechaba. El ser humano resulta ser un ser infinito atravesado por la finitud. Vivimos en una economía que depende del crecimiento, pero cada vez se hace más obvio que el crecimiento está llegando a sus límites.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 132, 2012: 231-250
Pensamiento crítico y crítica de la economía política
Authors: Mora Jiménez Henry
Published: May 2017

En este trabajo, el autor fundamenta la necesidad de realizar una nueva “crítica de la economía política”, en vista de que la economía global imperante convierte a los seres humanos y a la naturaleza en mercancías, lo cual conlleva una amenaza contra la vida.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 132, 2012: 251-265
Libertad, igualdad… ¿Qué fraternidad? Ilustración y conflicto a través del caso de Adam Smith
Authors: Monares Andrés
Published: May 2017

Los filósofos morales ilustrados británicos reflexionaron sobre cómo se originaban y mantenían las sociedades en un mundo de pecado y, por ende, sin eternidad. Los ilustrados galos mantendrán una postura similar acerca de la humanidad y por ende respecto de la fraternidad. Ello se verá a su vez reflejado en la Revolución Francesa que, si bien amplía el concepto, lo restringe a Europa. Ese rechazo/relativización ilustrada de la fraternidad a raíz del pecado, se constata en Adam Smith. En su trabajo, hoy malentendido sólo como “económico”, establecerá al egoísmo cual fuente de la sociabilidad y a la vez el sentimiento que aseguraría la supervivencia de la especie. La reconsideración de esos fundamentos de la Modernidad en América Latina, llevan a tomar en cuenta otros principios para la organización sociopolítica, por ejemplo, la tradición de las primeras naciones del Cono Sur.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 133, 2012: 461-487
La vocación y mística de la universidad que demanda la realidad de América Latina y el Caribe : un desafío con la verdad y la justicia
Authors: Editor El
Published: May 2017

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 98, 2004: 129-134
Gringo iracundo: Roque Dalton y su padre
Authors: Atwood Roger
Published: May 2017

Roque Dalton escribió en muchas oportunidades sobre su padre, el estadounidense Winnall Dalton, y su migración a El Salvador. A través de la figura del padre, Dalton desarrolló sus ideas sobre la opresión, la identidad y la relación entre los excluidos y los poderosos. En este artículo el autor se refiere  a la manera en que la representación  que Dalton dio de su padre reflejó la evolución de sus ideas sobre el imperialismo y el ejercicio del poder a nivel personal y político. Se propone aquí una nueva perspectiva sobre la relación de Dalton con su padre sobre la base de datos biográficos inéditos.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 134, 2012: 525-551
La imaginación global y la ética cosmopolita en El asco de Horacio Castellanos Moya
Authors: Galindo-Doucette Evelyn
Published: May 2017

La crítica ha propuesto que El asco de Horacio Castellanos Moya muestra el desencanto y el cinismo típico de las novelas centroamericanas de “posguerra” que critican el fracaso de los proyectos sociales de carácter utópico. En este trabajo, en cambio, se considera El asco dentro del contexto de un mundo en que el concepto de la nación y específicamente el nacionalismo, en el marco del neoliberalismo, ha entrado en crisis. Arguyo que no hay una estrategia narrativa desencantada que denuncia los errores de la nación, sino una ética que muestra una ruptura con la identidad nacional y el nacionalismo. El tono crítico no debe interpretarse como desencanto dado no hay evidencia de un encanto nacional previo. El monólogo, en cambio, anuncia una renovada ética humanitaria y cosmopolita que ha reemplazado la identificación nacional. Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 134, 2012: 553-565
Elecciones y continuidad del cambio
Authors: Editor El
Published: May 2017

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.139, 2014: 3-11
The Wedding Feast of the Lamb
Authors: Falque Emmanuel , Hughes George
Published: May 2017

This book links philosophy and theology in an original fashion that allows us to see the full effect of theology's “backlash” against philosophy. By attending closely to the incarnation and the eucharist, the text develops a new concept of the body and of love: By avoiding the common mistake of “angelism”—consciousness without body—it considers the depths to which our humanity reflects animality, or body without consciousness. It shows the continued relevance of the question “How can this man give us his flesh to eat?” (John 6:52), especially to philosophy. We need to question the meaning of “this is my body” in “a way that responds to the needs of our time” (Vatican II). Because of the ways that “Hoc est corpus meum” has shaped our culture and our modernity, this is a problem both for religious belief and for culture.
Return to the Organic
Authors: Falque Emmanuel
Published: May 2017

This chapter returns to the organic, to the bodying life that we have already seen in the Kantian “mass of sensations” and in organs of the body as the site of drives. The organic, however, this time does not point simply to the manner, but to the matter, the organicity (or ensemble of phenomena associated with the organ) as well as the materiality (organic matter). It is not enough to account for the organic by saying that bodily organs derive from the necessities of life; rather, we could say that life derives from the organ. Our animality is not primarily this organicity, this ensemble of phenomena, or the organization of a machine. On the contrary, animality is the mark of our interior Chaos of feelings, that accumulation of passions and drives that ensures we open up the world by the body rather than by the consciousness— by the animal (far from being beast) rather than by the angel (which could then seem foolish). The organicity of the animal, as of our own bodies, comes first from its materiality as subject to decay (putrefaction), even though, while living, it is nourished by breath, or by “thrust” (poussée).
The Passover of Animality
Authors: Falque Emmanuel
Published: May 2017

This chapter argues that animality, present and offered in the bread of the eucharist, also awaits its Passover; indeed, it awaits its metamorphosis into a humanity that will recognize its divine filiation. The transformation of the sense and of threshold of cannibalism by Christianity is not enough to exempt the eucharistic mystery completely from the suspicion that weighs on it: that one is eating the man (anthropophagy) and, indeed, eating God (theophagy). Whether or not one escapes from the charge of anthropophagy, the issue remains problematic in a consideration of the start of the eucharistic Last Supper, when it is no longer ethnological and anthropological but becomes a metaphysical and theological question. There are two ways of getting around, or at least reducing, the scandal in the eucharist of flesh given to humans to eat, or even to chew (trogôn) (John 6:56–57): through exegesis, and in philosophical terms. These are both technical moves, but they also serve as an excuse for the believer not to be, or no longer to be, satisfied simply with what Péguy calls the “habituated” soul.
Conclusion
Authors: Falque Emmanuel
Published: May 2017

This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. It argues that the Wedding Feast of the Lamb, or the liturgical practice of the eucharist, can provide for us—or, perhaps better, can be said to reassure us—because we can be nourished by it and incorporated into Christ, who is waiting there to sojourn with us. He who, in a redoubling of the desired and the desirable, has “eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer” (Luke 22:153), invites us now to a Last Supper of desire. The future of Christianity will not depend simply upon “religious fervor,” or “a joyful way of being together,” or “friendly proximity,” or “passionless egalitarianism.” It will come in reality solely from that quality that is “interior to man and that will give the necessary vitality”.
Twilight walk
Authors: Minh-ha Trinh T.
Published: May 2017

This chapter describes the epiphanies the persona—a woman—has encountered while out on a walk during twilight. It explores the various meanings attributed to the color gray which appears itself like a being unbound, a prelude to a journey the persona takes as her mind similarly wanders. Her reveries are short-lived, however, as “the world comes to the walker” and the persona is faced once more with the prevailing theme of this book—war. The perspective then shifts from a journey to a database, as the wandering mind comes face to face with the harsh reality of war and struggles with memory deletion and retrieval.
The matter of war
Authors: Minh-ha Trinh T.
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on other major themes that surfaced in the conflicts that took place during the Bush presidency: oil, info-wars, the “Us versus Them” mentality, and imprisonment. It criticizes U.S. attitudes regarding its approach to war during this period, particularly in the ways American media chooses to perceive and portray the violence. Political analysts have widely commented on the danger of having a victor commander-in-chief who sought glory in war with little consideration for the long-term human costs involved. But the chapter remarks on the greater danger of recasting the world according to his and his surrogates' small-minded view, which continues fatally today to bleed America—economically, politically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually.
Thriving on a D-stroll
Authors: Minh-ha Trinh T.
Published: May 2017

This chapter highlights democratic action in facing the consequences of war. It begins with the humanizing force of motherhood, particularly as it plays out in the Tiananmen massacre, before turning to the role of censorship and the practice of “sanitizing” reality as done by those in power. Once again the chapter describes the role of the press in helping to facilitate the latter, even as it reveals a very human struggle for peaceful resistance and even hope in the midst of violence. Yet, beyond these forces of suppression the chapter also highlights the power of collective action, especially when used for peace. And from beyond the chapter looks within, emphasizing the individual need to “grow within” rather than simply growing outward of oneself.
The new rebels
Authors: Minh-ha Trinh T.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines not only the unrest in Tibet but also that among China's civil society. It explores social media as a platform for speaking out against the human rights abuses, as well as the limitations of social media given the Chinese government's attempts at censoring these platforms on the matter of Tibet—an act that shares similarities with the U.S. government's own attempts at information surveillance and control as depicted in the previous chapters. The chapter then turns to Chinese civil society at large, as well as the emerging socio-political significance of the legal profession as China's rule of law consistently comes under public scrutiny.
Displaced, dispossessed, disappeared
Authors: Minh-ha Trinh T.
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the consequences of Chinese attempts at modernization and urbanization as imposed upon Tibet. It examines the likely shifts to occur in Tibet's ethnographic demography as a result of China's efforts at economic development, before surveying the latter in greater detail as China undergoes a “Great Uprooting” of its own, promoting, with her mammoth urbanization drive, rapid shifts from production to consumption, and from countryside to city and megacity. In addition, the chapter looks at the people who have been displaced as a result of this economic progress, before turning to China's tourism industry and how it echoes the discourse of displacement and belonging.
Religio without “Religion”
Authors: Barton Carlin A. , Boyarin Daniel
Published: May 2017

This chapter attempts to explicate and elucidate the broad array of meanings of Latin religio, meanings that often seem, to us, bewilderingly contradictory, and to map the inner logic, the balancing system expressed by their interconnections.
The Ciceronian Turn
Authors: Barton Carlin A. , Boyarin Daniel
Published: May 2017

This chapter addresses the motivations for the particular innovations made by Cicero in the meanings and interpretation of Latin religio, for his wanting to abandon the balancing systems of Roman life and thought in favor of a fixed hierarchical system headed by a powerful and dangerous god, with fixed laws reinforced by punishments and rewards after death.
Segregated by a Perfect Fear
Authors: Barton Carlin A. , Boyarin Daniel
Published: May 2017

This chapter addresses Tertullian’s strategies of thought in dealing with the complex hierarchical—and fearful—Roman Empire; it addresses the reasons why he, like Cicero, rejects the inner balancing systems and inhibitions of religio and embraces, instead, the extremes of fear that will, if taken far enough, be experienced as fearlessness.
Imagine No Thrēskeia: The Task of the Untranslator
Authors: Barton Carlin A. , Boyarin Daniel
Published: May 2017

In this chapter, using the methodology laid out in the chapter on religio, it is shown that the usage of the Greek word thrēskeia, usually translated as “religion,” does not map well on to the usage of that word in modern European languages, suggesting that in those cultures a different sort of organization of concepts is present. The methodological basis for these scholarly practices is further explored.
Josephus without Judaism: Nomos, Eusebeia, Thrēskeia
Authors: Barton Carlin A. , Boyarin Daniel
Published: May 2017

In this chapter, I continue to explore this writer who used this word thrēskeia more than any other writer of antiquity. I propose to show how it is possible and distinctly advantageous to describe Josephus’ world entirely without using the concept of “religion” at all. Josephus, the son of Mattias, was one of the generals of the revolt of the Jews of Palestine against Rome in the first century. At a certain point in the war, he changed his mind and his colors, and attempting to convince his fellows of the hopelessness of the war and the likelihood of total destruction, he became a client of Vespasian the Roman general (later to be emperor) and of his son Titus (also a future emperor), spending the rest of his days (20 years) in Rome in a palace provided by the former and writing all his books there. He not only changed his mind but also his name: the new nomen, Flavius, honoring his new patrons. Josephus is always in a cultural situation of negotiation or mediation between loyalties, writing apologetically, as it were, to both his Judaean and Roman audiences at one and the same time.
A Glance at the Future: Thrēskeia and the Literature of Apologetic, First to Third Centuries C.E.
Authors: Barton Carlin A. , Boyarin Daniel
Published: May 2017

In this chapter we show that a new usage of the word thrēskeia appears on the scene in the first few Christian centuries. In writings that we might term “apologetic” that seek a place for Christians (or Jews) in the Empire, the term is more frequently used in ways that approximate more closely the way “religion” is used in later times. An explanation for this phenomenon is offered.
The Pursuit of Guilty Things
Authors: Stout Daniel M.
Published: May 2017

Chapter one charts out three separate but interrelated nineteenth-century histories: the return and subsequent rise of the corporation as a business entity after 1825; the challenges industrialism posed to tort law; and the problems both eighteenth-century science and Romantic aesthetics had in understanding the identity of collectives. The goal of the chapter is to transform our understanding of the nineteenth-century as a period committed to individualism by seeing the prevalence of collectives within even apparently liberal or individualistic spheres (the law, economics, Romanticism) and the challenges they posed to the basic assumption of liberalism and justice that individual persons can be meaningfully correlated with particular actions and effects.
Reconstructing Jim Crow
Authors: Goldberg David E.
Published: May 2017

Chapter 1 examines the early political struggles of business owners, white tourists, and black workers to define the boundaries of the public sphere during the Reconstruction era. For both whites and blacks alike, the promotional battles and intellectual disputes that ensued between 1865 and 1893 revealed the ways in which segregation was moving beyond discussions of free labor ideology and becoming increasingly tied to consumer opinion after the Civil War. Out of these disputes emerged an intermediate segregation policy that failed to ensure the peace or profitability of the region’s popular vacation destinations.
Marketing and Managing Jim Crow
Authors: Goldberg David E.
Published: May 2017

Chapter 3 examines the political strategies white business owners and marketing agents employed in response to the black consumer activism of the late 1880s and early 1890s. Beginning in 1893, white authorities developed a Jim Crow strategy built around a defense of market values and public propriety, necessary regulations that they believed would prevent a wholesale disintegration of core capitalist principles and Victorian assumptions of respectability. In doing so, they attempted to make the segregation debate about political economy instead of race, castigating black consumer activism as a disruptive social act that threatened the popularity and financial growth of the region.
Boycotting Jim Crow
Authors: Goldberg David E.
Published: May 2017

Chapter 4 explains how black entrepreneurs used the creation and promotion of black-owned leisure venues to boycott segregation and protect their right to consume. Recognizing the need for economic growth and social autonomy, black ministers and entrepreneurs argued that the right to consume should be greater than the right to integration. In building modestly profitable and popular businesses and recreational spaces, the region’s black merchant class succeeded in helping make separate more equal, even though they lost the larger fight over integrated leisure.