bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidencia de la participación ciudadana en educación en el contexto salvadoreño
Authors: Siliézar Denisse
Published: December 2017

Dentro de la política social, y como parte de las medidas para lograr solventar problemas como la pobreza, desigualdad o exclusión, la educación desempeña un papel importante en la sociedad. Esto es así debido a que, entre otras cosas, permite un mayor conocimiento traducido en un mayor acceso a oportunidades de vida para las personas. Hablar de educación no implica solamente hablar del desarrollo económico de un país. Su importancia radica en la formación de ciudadanos responsables y conscientes sobre los problemas que atañen al resto de la sociedad y su significativa contribución en las soluciones. Este artículo propone que, si bien la educación por sí sola no puede a resolver los problemas sociales existentes, sí puede ser una buena herramienta de inicio por donde los cambios pueden comenzar a darse.Siliézar, D. (2017). Incidencia de la participación ciudadana en educación en el contexto salvadoreño. Diá-logos 19, 7-24.
Expectativas de la formación universitaria desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes
Authors: Sibrián Escobar Luisa Amelia
Published: December 2017

En este artículo se presentan los hallazgos de la investigación “Expectativas Estudiantiles de la Etapa Universitaria” desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes, realizada durante el ciclo I-2015 en la Universidad Don Bosco. El objetivo de este estudio se centró en el análisis de las expectativas estudiantiles y en el aporte de conclusiones que ayuden a nuevas líneas de investigación. Se analizaron las características de las expectativas de la etapa universitaria del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje y de las actividades complementarias o extraacadémicas, así como también las expectativas de la universidad y las “autoexpectativas” del estudiante. El enfoque de la investigación fue de tipo cualitativa con la participación de 972 estudiantes.Silbrián, L. A. (2017). Expectativas de la formación universitaria desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes. Diá-logos 19, 25-37.
Una experiencia docente de la web 2.0 mediante el uso de blogs con estudiantes de educación de la Universidad Nacional, Heredia
Authors: Chacón Ortiz Manuel
Published: December 2017

Se presentan los resultados de una evaluación sobre el uso de los blogs por parte de estudiantes de Pedagogía I y II Ciclo, Preescolar y Educación Especial de la Universidad Nacional (de Costa Rica). Se utilizó el blog con el fin de crear contenidos sobre los temas del curso Educación para la salud y calidad de vida. Los estudiantes debían realizar intervenciones considerando información que podría llegar a ser de interés por personas a cargo de niños y niñas en edad escolar. Participaron 41 estudiantes, 39 mujeres y 2 hombres. El estudio, de tipo cuantitativo, aplicó el cuestionario para la recolección de la información al finalizar cada periodo académico del año 2014 y 2015. Los resultados evidenciaron que los estudiantes nunca habían empleado el blog anteriormente; sin embargo, la experiencia resultó positiva y potenció nuevas habilidades y destrezas educativas y tecnológicas. Asimismo, el estudio muestra que existe empatía por el empleo de estas herramientas.Chacón, M. (2017). Una experiencia docente de la Web2.0 mediante el uso de blogs con estudiantes de educación de la Universidad Nacional, Heredia. Diá-logos 19, 51-67.
Revisando Foucault: homo politicus e homo oeconomicus / terceiro capítulo de Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution (Nova Iorque: Zone Books / MIT Press, 2015)
Authors: Brown Wendy
Published: December 2017

Tradução do terceiro capítulo de Undoing the Demos, livro no qual Wendy Brown procura compreender como a emergência do homo oeconomincus subjugou outras gurações e interpelações do humano. Brown primeiro apresenta uma leitura crítica da teorização do homo oeconomicus que Foucault formulou em suas aulas sobre o neoliberalismo no Collège de France. A autora censura o lósofo francês por não ter atentado su cientemente para o homo politicus, lócus da soberania popular que consegue resistir a hegemonia do homo oeconomicus. Em seguida, re ete sobre a morfologia e posicionamento variáveis do homo oeconomicus e do homo politicus nos trabalhos de Adam Smith, Locke, Rousseau, Hegel, Marx, Bentham e J. S. Mill. Por último, analisa o gênero do homo oeconomicus contemporâneo e discute a disseminação do homo oeconomicus por meio da ordem de uma razão normativa e de uma racionalidade governante construída sobre essa ordem.
A arqueologia de Foucault entre estrutura e história
Authors: Gimbo Fernando Sepe
Published: December 2017

Fernando Gimbo sepefernando@gmail.com Universidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA), Juazeiro do Norte, Brasil Resumo: Primeiramente, o artigo localiza a arqueologia foucaultiana dentro da tensão entre estrutura e história que acossava o pensamento francês na década de 60. A partir disso, reconstruímos a importância da análise sincrônica estruturalista e da história serial desenvolvida pela Escola dos Annales como recursos importantes para a compreensão da forma inovadora como Foucault articula estrutura e história dentro de As palavras e as coisas. O objetivo nal é salientar o caráter propedêutico do livro de 66 que, ao negar uma loso a da história ainda marcada por certa antropologia, acaba por realizar ao seu modo uma crítica da razão moderna.
O deficit ontológico da psicanálise: Foucault leitor de Hyppolite
Authors: Noto Carolina De Souza
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo procura lançar luz sobre a leitura que Foucault faz da psicanálise em sua introdução à Sonho e existência, de Ludwig Binswanger. De um ponto de vista estrutural, trata-se de mostrar que frente à analítica existencial do psiquiatra suíço, a psicanálise freudiana aparece como um método interpretativo limitado pois restrito a uma compreensão antropológica dos sonhos. Em contrapartida, em Binswanger, encontraríamos um método mais profundo de interpretação, já que ao lado de uma compreensão empírica do sonho, o psiquiatra existencialista propõe ainda uma compreensão transcendental deste; propõe que os sonhos sejam reveladores não somente da história individual de cada um, mas da própria condição existencial e ontológica do homem. De um ponto de vista genético, procuraremos mostrar que essa leitura que Foucault propõe da psicanálise é devedora de certa história da loso a feita por Jean Hyppolite, mais especi camente, da maneira como este leu Hegel e Heidegger.
Editorial
Authors: Duarte André Macedo
Published: December 2017

Apresentação do editor
Para revisistar o tema: Foucault e a Psicanálise
Authors: Giacoia Junior Oswaldo
Published: December 2017

O objetivo principal do presente artigo consiste em mostrar que a Psicanálise é interpretada na obra de Michel Foucault sob múltiplas perspectivas. Particular atenção é dedicada às modi cações na relação entre Foucault e a Psicanálise, detectáveis na comparação entre a obra publicada História da Sexualidade I, II e III - na qual a Psicanálise integra o dispositivo da sexualidade - e o curso Hermenêutica do Sujeito, no qual um novo ângulo analítico torna possível uma apreciação diferenciada da Psicanálise, desta feira no horizonte das relações entre a verdade e o sujeito, a saber, nas práticas ascéticas conhecidas como cuidado de si.
O Pensamento do Mesmo: entre utopias e heterotopias
Authors: Candioto Cesar
Published: December 2017

O artigo analisa os limites do “pensamento do Mesmo” no livro As palavras e as coisas. Eles são observáveis na própria estratégia analítica da arqueologia quando são descritos os limiares de descontinuidade entre um e outro espaço de saber. Os limiares indicam um não-lugar irredutível ao modo de ser de uma épistémè especí ca. Menos ocupada em ordenar identidades e diferenças a partir de estruturas formais, a arqueologia do saber procura estabelecer os limites do pensamento entre os distintos modos de ser da ordem. Trata-se de enfatizar os intervalos nos quais a sintaxe que xa um lugar comum entre coisas e palavras é desfeito. Ou ainda, sublinhar os pontos de fratura no espaço liso das utopias e sua gramática, quando objetos conceituais, tais como o homem, deixam de ser concebidos como universais. Sugere-se que o livro As palavras e as coisas pode ser pensado como uma modalidade de heterotopia que inquieta certezas e evidências assim como desarma o pensamento de sua pretensão totalizante.
Using the Stages of Concern Questionnaire to Ensure Professional Development with Teachers and Teacher Candidates
Authors: Bullard Morgan B. , Rutledge Chayla D. , Kohler-Evans Patricia
Published: December 2017

Classroom instruction is highly influenced by the quality of the professional development that teachers and teacher candidates receive. Instructional interventions at the classroom level must be research-based, and working with teachers and teacher candidates to implement interventions effectively is a daunting task. One way to help ensure professional development is effective involves gauging teachers’ and teacher candidates’ concerns, using the Stages of Concern Questionnaire (SOCQ) from the Concerns Based Adoption Model (CBAM). In the current study, teacher candidates received professional development at the pre-service level, and teachers received the same professional development at the in-service level. Both groups were taught specific interventions designed to target middle and secondary students using the Strategic Instruction Model Content Enhancement Routines. The SOCQ was administered prior to and following a professional development series that spanned several months. An analysis of results indicated that professional development is effective in reducing concern in both teachers and teacher candidates. Teachers and teacher candidates overall shared similar concerns on some areas yet were different in their levels of concern in other areas. The researchers suggest possible interpretations for the similarities and differences in results and offer areas for future study.
Codificatie van de lappendeken
Authors: van der Voort N.
Published: December 2017

Codificatie van de lappendeken – Onderzoek aan een in beslag genomen smartphone: het labyrint van de (toekomstige) wetgeving en jurisprudentie

Mensen communiceren in de huidige samenleving volop digitaal. Het is dan ook niet verrassend dat hét mechanisme om tot de kern van iemands privéleven te komen tegenwoordig wordt bereikt door het onderzoek aan de smartphone. Het wettelijke kader betreffende dit onderzoek staat al enige tijd ter discussie. Waar de Hoge Raad een (op het eerste gezicht onwerkbaar) kader voor de (opsporing)praktijk heeft getracht te scheppen, is de modernisering van het Wetboek (mede) op dit punt in volle gang. Het is tijd dat de wetgever de spreekwoordelijke handschoen oppakt en zorg draagt voor een evenwichtige balans tussen privacy en effectieve opsporing.
Postural stability in one leg standing on dominant and non-dominant leg in professional soccer players
Authors: Dębski Przemysław , Mielańczyk Jacek , Gnat Rafał
Published: December 2017

Stability plays a key role in the sport competition in football. Synchronized operation stabilization of the lower limb and trunk of the support with the dynamic movement of the contralateral limbs allow you to perform tasks specific to the discipline, eg. variety kicking of the ball.
Purpose. The aim of the study was to evaluate differences in the capabilities to maintain postural stability in standing on one leg dominant and non-dominant leg with professional players including grouping variables: age, height, weight, volume of training aimed at improving the stability and general internship of football player career. Although commonly assumed that the non-dominant leg is predisposed to act more effective support for the body, the work to date have failed to identify indicated differentiation. It should be noted, however, that they were carried out on small trials in people less active, or among amateur athletes.
Basic procedures. The study involved 31 professional soccer players from 1 to 5 level of division. In order to assess postural stability, each of the test performed three times a standard stability test consisting of three 20-second attempt to maintain balance on one leg becoming dominant and non-dominant leg on stabilometric platform BIODEX Balance System. For each of the lower limbs test was repeated three times. Assessment were average angular range deflections platform in the two reference planes, and the volatility of these deflections. These parameters were treated as a measure of postural stability of the respondents.
Main findings. In the whole group of patients, no statistically significant differences in the possibilities to maintain postural stability in standing on one leg dominant and non-dominant leg. No significant differences were also detected when considering grouping variables.
Conclusions. The results do not indicate a significant difference in the ability to maintain postural stability in standing on one leg dominant and non-dominant leg in professional soccer players.
A cidade à noite: tensões e sociabilidade no espaço público pelotense (Pelotas-RS, 1930-1939)
Authors: Carvalho Thaís De Freitas
Published: December 2017

O presente estudo discute a noite pelotense de 1930 a 1939, com ênfase nas sociabilidades noturnas ligadas à cultura popular desse período. A escolha da década de 1930 do século passado refere-se à conjuntura de urbanização e modernização da cidade de Pelotas, percebida na análise do desenvolvimento do espaço urbano, eletrificação e dinamização das atividades culturais. Torna-se evidente a relação da cidade e seus habitantes com concepções e noções de comportamento ligadas aos ideais de modernidade e civilidade, os quais carregavam elementos de normatização que serviam ao surgimento de um capitalismo voltado ao consumo. O confronto entre estes novos padrões de convivência social e os velhos valores herdados de um modo de vida rural é contemplado neste trabalho por meio da análise das sociabilidades noturnas presentes nesse universo popular. O tempo noturno, escolhido por privilegiar o domínio dos trabalhadores sobre seu tempo, revela esses e outros traços de uma cultura popular que se mostra efervescente e singular. Partindo das declarações e depoimentos contidos nos inquéritos policiais e processos criminais do período, torna-se possível visualizar a vitalidade de uma noite popular que transitou pelas ruas e recheou o espaço urbano com seus encontros, seus conflitos e seus amores.
La suspensión de pagos de 1739: ¿una medida de “buen gobierno” de la Hacienda? = The Suspension of Payments of 1739: A Measure of "Good Governance" of Royal Finances?.
Authors: Dubet Anne
Published: December 2017

Estudio la suspensión de pagos de 1739. Decretada a iniciativa del Ministro de Hacienda, Juan Bautista de Iturralde, no se explica solo por dificultades de tesorería o la supuesta incapacidad del Ministro. Se inscribe en el marco de una reorientación de la política de crédito real y de control de la distribución de caudales. La acompaña un intento de crear otro marco de relaciones con los hombres de negocios, irreductible a la voluntad de Iturralde de preservar los intereses de sus paisanos navarros. Iturralde pretende así poner fin a la política de sus predecesores José Patiño y el marqués Torrenueva, un “mal uso” de la Tesorería General y la renta del Tabaco. Mis hipótesis se basan en el estudio de los proyectos y decisiones de Iturralde, el análisis de las operaciones de crédito de sus predecesores y el de la composición del grupo de hombres de negocios “decretados” en 1739.AbstractI study the suspension of payments of 1739. Decreed on the initiative of the Minister of Finance, Juan Bautista de Iturralde, it cannot be explained only by treasury difficulties or the supposed incapacity of the Minister. It is part of a reorientation of the real credit policy and control of the distribution of flows. It is accompanied by an attempt to create another framework of relations with businessmen, irreducible to Iturralde’s will to preserve the interests of his Navarrese countrymen. Iturralde thus intends to put an end to the policy of his predecessors Jose Patiño and the Marquis of Torrenueva, a "misuse" of the General Treasury and the Tobacco tax. My hypotheses are based on the study of the projects and decisions of Iturralde, the analysis of the credit operations of his predecessors and the composition of the group of men "decreed" in 1739.
La Monarquía de España desde Castilla. Identidad y reinos en la obra de Pedro Salazar de Mendoza = The Monarchy of Spain from Castile. Identity and Kingdoms in Pedro Salazar de Mendoza’s Work
Authors: Rodríguez Solís José Javier
Published: December 2017

El artículo siguiente atiende el estudio de la obra Monarquía de España, compuesta por el jurista y canónigo de la catedral de Toledo, Pedro Salazar de Mendoza, fechada entre 1597 y 1599, aunque publicada finalmente en 1770. En sus páginas, se ofrece una historia de España desde la llegada de Túbal hasta el reinado de Felipe II, en la que se perciben respuestas a las principales cuestiones identitarias que afectaban a la monarquía en el paso al siglo XVII: desde la consolidación de un pasado mítico unido al relato veterotestamentario hasta la importancia de los godos en la conformación política de Hispania. Sin embargo, el aspecto más relevante de la obra es un planteamiento de la monarquía partiendo de los reinos jurídicamente vinculados al rey Felipe II, entre los que destaca Castilla, como un reino con una iurisdictio propia bien distinguible. La apelación al pasado castellano es el mejor ejemplo del tipo de monarquía que buscaba describir en un momento de cambio y reforma de la misma. Algo que engarza con el objetivo de nuestro trabajo respecto a la identificación de diferentes identidades en la Monarquía hispánica. AbstractThe article studies the work Monarquía de España, written in 1597-1599 by Pedro Salazar de Mendoza, a jurist and canon of the Cathedral of Toledo, which was not published until 1770. The book tells the history of Spain from the arrival of Tubal during the Philip II’s reign, developing the most historiographical problems which affected to the Monarchy in the step into XVIIth century. In this project, his consideration of the mythical past, Chaldean origins, will be analysed, together with references to his reflexion about Goths in the historical constitution of Hispania. But, it is mostly interesting to study a history of the Monarchy from the kingdoms’ perspective. In this point, he emphasizes the role of Castile as a kingdom with its own laws and an independent past, exalting a political culture from Castile that has been usually ignored by historiography.
Balancing a Destroyer on a Wave for Strength and Stability
Authors: Perrault Doug
Published: December 2017

A wave-balancing approach, where a ship is hydrostatically balanced on a wave with either the crest or the trough at midship, is often used to assess the inherent strength and stability of the vessel in waves. This work examines the differences between the wave types (sinusoidal and trochoidal) as well as the values of wave length, wave height, and position of the crest along the ship, with the goal of looking for the worst-case conditions for both intact stability and longitudinal strength. A notional destroyer is used as a case study to look at the trends in strength and stability in the upright condition and at angles of heel in waves. The notional destroyer is intentionally similar to but not the same as any existing design. The study shows that looking at a wider set of wave conditions and ship states can identify more extreme wave loading and stability degradation, suggesting that this more detailed analysis would be beneficial as a standard practice.

1. Introduction

Both stability and longitudinal strength are key factors in a successful ship design. In both cases, it has long been recognized that the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic effects of waves are fundamentally important. Before the advent of computers and modern numerical models and methods, naval architects relied on hydrostatic analysis to determine the stability and strength characteristics of a given vessel. They typically added safety margins to account for other influences including wave dynamics. Some, however, used the method of "balancing a ship on a wave" to partially account for the influence of waves. In this methodology, the vessel was hydrostatically balanced on the crest or in the trough of a wave. The method was used first for finding bending moments, and later some experts used the method for assessing the stability of a ship. Although the method does not account for the dynamics of ship motion or hull loading transients, it is still used as a design tool today and is embedded in standards for strength (Lloyd's Register, NSR 2012) and stability (BV 1030-1 2012). It does give a "snapshot" of the hydrostatic forces and moments for a particular condition.
Facteurs liés à l’intention des mères de participer à un programme de soutien à la parentalité
Authors: Clément Marie-Ève , Piché Geneviève , Lecavalier Sophie , Gagné Marie-Hélène
Published: December 2017

Malgré l’efficacité reconnue de certains programmes de soutien à la parentalité, la participation des parents est souvent faible et variable d’un programme à l’autre. Dans ce contexte, cette étude vise à explorer les facteurs qui sont liés à l’intention des mères à participer à un programme de soutien à la parentalité. Des analyses secondaires des données de l’Enquête internationale sur les Parents-Canada (Lee et al., 2014) ont été réalisées à partir d’un sous-échantillon de mères québécoises francophones d’enfants âgés de 2 à 12 ans (n = 192). Les résultats montrent que la majorité des mères (61 %) rapporte ne pas connaître et n’avoir participé à aucun programme de soutien à la parentalité. Or, les analyses de régression indiquent que cette connaissance serait un facteur lié à l’intention de participer à un tel programme. De plus, le fait de manifester un intérêt pour les modalités de groupe semble aussi être un facteur favorable à l’intention des mères d’y participer. Ces résultats sont discutés en termes d’implication pour favoriser le recrutement des parents à des programmes de soutien à la parentalité.
Intervention psychosociale en autisme : examen de la portée de la littérature francophone
Authors: Préfontaine Isabelle , Lanovaz Marc J.
Published: December 2017

Les publications scientifiques représentent une source importante d’informations pour les psychoéducateurs qui interviennent auprès des personnes en difficultés d’adaptation. Cependant, la majorité des articles figurant dans les bases de données paraissent en anglais. Par conséquent les découvertes et les développements scientifiques restent moins accessibles aux intervenants unilingues francophones, ce qui peut ralentir la mise en place des meilleures pratiques. Plus spécifiquement, l’intervention auprès des personnes ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) connaît de nombreux développements grâce aux plus récentes recherches. Notre étude avait pour objectifs (a) de dresser un portrait de la littérature scientifique francophone touchant l’intervention psychosociale en autisme et (b) de déterminer si ce qui est disponible en français divulguent des programmes ou des interventions basées sur des données probantes. Nos résultats montrent que la majorité des articles recensés sont descriptifs et ne présentent pas des interventions basées sur des données probantes. Moins du tiers de ces articles sont empiriques et la plupart d’entre eux ont trait à l’approche comportementale.
Le côté sombre de la science
Authors: Larivée Serge
Published: December 2017

La parution de l’ouvrage de Chevassus-au-Louis, Malscience. De la fraude dans les labos, offre l’occasion de se pencher sur le côté sombre de la science. Ce texte comprend sept parties d’inégales longueurs. Après avoir défini la nature de la fraude (40 % du texte), je donnerai un aperçu de sa prévalence, puis la réponse à deux questions : pourquoi les chercheurs fraudent-ils et qui détecte les fraudes? Les deux dernières parties seront consacrées aux conséquences de la fraude et à la manière dont on pourrait les prévenir.
À la découverte du Nord : La rivière sans repos de Gabrielle Roy
Authors: Harvey Carol J.
Published: December 2017

Depuis la parution en 1970 du sixième roman de Gabrielle Roy,La rivière sans repos, ni la critique littéraire ni le public ne lui a accordé beaucoup d’attention. Dans cet article, nous proposons une relecture du roman en vue de montrer à quels égards Gabrielle Roy était en avance sur son temps en mettant Elsa, une femme inuite, au centre de son texte. Après avoir rappelé brièvement la genèse du roman, nous étudierons les éléments-clés de la thématique: le conflit identitaire et le désarroi qui se produisent chez Elsa quand deux cultures sont en contact, l’ancienne et la moderne; la confrontation entre les valeurs traditionnelles des Inuit perçues comme inférieures et la culture moderne jugée supérieure qui représente le progrès, les sciences, la médecine et le matérialisme. Nous dégagerons par la suite certaines composantes des paysages du Nord qui appuient symboliquement Elsa et ses proches. Il ressort de cette étude que Roy voyait clairement le racisme et autres injustices du système colonial du Canada. Sans les dénoncer ouvertement, pourtant, l’auteure nous invite à lire entre les lignes de son roman et à en voir la portée idéalogique.
Des lacunes en historiographie : La Vérendrye dans une perspective de relations homme-femme, de relations raciales et d’esclavage au début du Canada français, 1731-1749
Authors: Sapoznik-Evans Karlee A.
Published: December 2017

De nos jours, le nom de La Vérendrye figure sur de nombreux monuments commémoratifs, rues, parcs, écoles et bourses d’études prestigieuses tant canadiens qu’américains. Cependant, comme l’indique cet article, la documentation qui porte sur ses voyages et ses interactions turbulentes avec les peuples autochtones est incomplète, puisqu’elle est caractérisée par l’absence d’une analyse des échanges raciaux et de ceux entre hommes et femmes, et par une tradition de déni des faits et de création de mythes par rapport au commerce des esclaves chez les Canadiens français. L’examen soigneux de la participation de La Vérendrye au commerce des esclaves, et des façons que ses relations homme-femme et celles avec les peuples autochtones ont caractérisé sa vie entre 1731 et 1749, la période traitée par la présente étude, met en lumière le fonctionnement de la société coloniale française au Canada pendant la période allant du début du dix-huitième jusqu’au milieu de ce siècle. Comme souligné par cet article, les composantes non catholiques et non blanches faisaient partie intégrante de la société et de la culture coloniale du Canada français et exerçaient une influence sur elle. Les expériences de La Vérendrye démontrent que le Canada à cette époque laissait de la place à toutes sortes de complexités, de variantes et de contradictions dans les relations véritables entre hommes et femmes, et la Nouvelle-France était loin d’être une société égalitaire. L’esclavage y existait sous une forme institutionnelle tout comme l’esclavage existait au sud.
Nouveaux-arrivants et enseignement en milieu franco-manitobain : regards croisés sur des pensées et pratiques favorisant la résilience
Authors: Piquemal Nathalie
Published: December 2017

L’objectif global de la présente étude est, à la lumière de la théorie de la résilience et des facteurs de protection et de risque liés à la notion de résilience (Leroux et Théorêt, 2014; Théorêt, 2005), d’offrir une interprétation critique de données qualitatives recueillies auprès d’éducateurs et d’éducatrices au sein d’une école élémentaire de la DSFM sur les récentes initiatives pédagogiques, sociales et structurelles relatives à l’intégration des nouveaux-arrivants. L’analyse des données montre une prédominance des facteurs de protection par rapport aux facteurs de risque, tant internes qu’externes, suggérant l’existence d’un personnel résilient, c’est-à-dire faisant preuve de persévérance, de résistance et de compétence dans des situations de défis. Les ressources individuelles (confiance en soi, sentiment d’accomplissement, sentiment de responsabilité personnelle, auto-efficacité et motivation intrinsèque) ainsi que les ressources environnementales (ressources humaines, opportunités de participation active, climat de collaboration) constituent des facteurs d’épanouissement et de persévérance et réduisent les facteurs de stress dans des situations rendues difficiles par les disparités de tous genres des élèves.
Renan dé-moralise-t-il l’histoire des origines du christianisme ?
Authors: Kirschleger Pierre-Yves
Published: December 2017

La Vie de Jésus (1863) d’Ernest Renan a été un événement littéraire peu commun : 146 000 volumes écoulés en dix-huit mois, dix éditions la première année, et des traductions aussitôt dans de nombreuses langues étrangères. L’une des causes du succès du livre réside dans le fait que Renan porte sur la place publique un débat historique et théologique jusque-là réservé aux initiés ; il propose un regard nouveau et personnel sur la figure de Jésus, qu’il présente comme « un homme incomparable – si grand que, bien qu’ici tout doive être jugé au point de vue de la science positive, [il] ne voudrai[t] pas contredire ceux qui, frappés du caractère exceptionnel de son oeuvre, l’appellent Dieu ». Indignation ou admiration : le livre fait scandale et ne laisse en tout cas personne indifférent. Au sein de la vaste polémique engendrée par l’ouvrage, cette contribution propose de s’intéresser aux rapports entre littérature et histoire : car si l’ouvrage de Renan se veut scientifique, il est aussi une oeuvre littéraire, ou même principalement une oeuvre littéraire, souvent considérée comme un chef-d’oeuvre de la littérature romantique.
Unicité et répétition : histoire et événement de Marcel Schwob à Jorge Luis Borges
Authors: Gilbert Jacques Athanase
Published: December 2017

L’article compare Marcel Schwob et Jorge Luis Borges autour des questions d’unicité et de répétition. On sait que Borges fut lecteur de Schwob et on peut penser que Les vies imaginaires ont exercé une certaine influence sur quelques textes de Borges, par exemple L’histoire universelle de l’infamie et plusieurs nouvelles de Fictions. Une différence les sépare toutefois : chez Schwob se lit la recherche d’une histoire absolument singulière alors que chez Borges la singularité se perd et se trouve subsumée par sa répétition.
Histoire et littérature : plaidoyer pour « la main du potier sur le vase d’argile »
Authors: Blaise Marie
Published: December 2017

Les relations complexes, ombrageuses, entre littérature et histoire semblent trouver aujourd’hui de nouvelles perspectives, apaisées, dans le désir revendiqué des historiens d’utiliser une belle langue, d’autoriser des modèles pluriels de récit ou d’assumer une position subjective. L’engouement pour les « écritures du réel » semble lever une autre barrière, d’autant que les historiens s’intéressent désormais aux anonymes, aux victimes, au fait divers même. Mais valoriser les textes de témoignage parce qu’ils seraient une « littérature de non-écrivains » ou insister sur la dangerosité morale de textes, comme Les Bienveillantes de Jonathan Littell, qui racontent l’histoire du point de vue des bourreaux, n’est-ce pas au fond, reprendre la vieille querelle au point même où elle s’alimente depuis que l’histoire s’est constituée comme discipline contre la littérature : la crainte de « l’esthétisation » des processus historiques n’est-elle pas le grand délit du procès en démoralisation que l’histoire fait à la littérature ? Loin de contester cette « démoralisation », l’article revient sur le « siècle de l’histoire » pour tenter d’en mesurer la valeur et peut être la fonction ; pour, autrement dit, tenter de comprendre ce que la littérature fait à l’histoire.
Horizontally transferred genes in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi encode enzymes and are expressed during early development
Authors: Hernandez Alexandra M , Ryan Joseph F
Published: December 2017

Horizontal gene transfer has had major impacts on the biology of a wide range of organisms from antibiotic resistance in bacteria to adaptations to herbivory in arthropods. A growing body of literature shows that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between non-animals and animals is more commonplace than previously thought. In this study, we present a thorough investigation of HGT in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. We applied tests of phylogenetic incongruence to identify nine genes that were likely transferred horizontally early in ctenophore evolution from bacteria and non-metazoan eukaryotes. All but one of these HGTs (an uncharacterized protein) appear to perform enzymatic activities in M. leidyi, supporting previous observations that enzymes are more likely to be retained after HGT events. We found that the majority of these nine horizontally transferred genes were expressed during early development, suggesting that they are active and play a role in the biology of M. leidyi. This is the first report of HGT in ctenophores, and contributes to an ever-growing literature on the prevalence of genetic information flowing between non-animals and animals.
Saudi English Major Freshmen Students’ Vocabulary Learning Strategies: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Alqarni Ibrahim R.
Published: December 2017

This study aims at exploring the vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) employed by Saudi Freshmen students majoring in English as a foreign language (EFL). The participants are 81 Saudi male students in their first semester in the English Department and Translation in the College of Language and Translation at King Saud University. Data was collected using a questionnaire which was adapted from the study of Rabadi (2016) and was analyzed using the SPSS program. The overall results of this study show that participants use all of the different vocabulary learning strategies: Determination strategies, Memory strategies, Cognitive strategies, Metacognitive strategies, and Social strategies, with different degrees of frequency. By looking at the sub-categories of the strategies the results indicate that Metacognitive strategies (mean score: 1.98/4) are the most used and/or preferred strategies by all participants, followed by Social strategies (MS: 1.91), Determination strategies (MS: 1.62), Cognitive strategies (MS: 1.39) and Memory strategies (MS: 1.26) respectively. However, the overall mean score of (1.63) for the use of the strategies indicates that the participants of this study are low/poor users of vocabulary learning strategies in general.
On the relationship among Iranian EFL Leaners’ Crystallized Intelligence, Fluid Intelligence, Creativity, and their Performances on Multiple-Choice and Constructed-Response Items
Authors: Ebrahimpur Nilufar , Motallebzadeh Khalil , Zeraatpishe Mitra
Published: December 2017

Studies have been done on finding construct-irrelevant factors and cognitive processes involved in test taking. Previous studies have explored correlations between reading comprehension (RC) ability and psychological variables such as creativity and intelligence reporting significant relations. Many researchers trying to figure out the difference between diverse formats performance. The present study takes  interest in investigating if each test format performance is affected by cognitive traits of test takers. It  investigates the effects of three psychological variables including Fluid intelligence (Gf), Crystallized intelligence (gc), and creativity (C) on reading comprehension (RC) performance where Multiple-Choice (MC) and Constructed-Response (CR) formats are involved for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Learners. The relations among all five variables are examined applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) by hypothesizing a model related to the previous researches. The model goes through modifications twice and the final revision reports the relationships. Path analysis demonstrates direct significant effects in paths for Gc-MC, Gc-CR, Gf-CR and indirect significant effects in Gf-MC, creativity-MC, and creativity-CR. Therefore, CR items are the most affected format by those cognitive variables. The results are further discussed and concluded in more details.
A Postcolonial Approach to the Problem of Subalternity in Toni Morrison's God Help the Child
Authors: Asad Mashaqi Sahar Abdelkarim , Ali Al Omari Kifah (Moh’d Khair)
Published: December 2017

This study focuses on the different forms of subalternity, the effect of marginalizing subaltern characters, and the postcolonial discourse among characters coming from different backgrounds in Toni Morrison’s God Help the Child (2015). A close reading of this novel shows how subalternity shapes the novel as a whole, both in its form and content. The title, language, tone, multiple points of view, and characters, all form a postcolonial frame and setting to the whole novel which highlights the problems of racism and child abuse in the United States of America in the twenty-first century. The novel is mainly about a dark child named Bride. She is born in a white family and represents children’s marginalization in a white society because of a very long history of discrimination against black people. In addition to Bride, the study shows many other examples of racism and child abuse. So, one can argue that postcolonialism is one of the best approaches that can help the reader better understand the marginalized characters. A postcolonial approach will shed more light on the suffering of all these people and help the reader find out the victim and the victimizer. As a whole, God Help the Child necessitates a totally different approach to the problem of subalternity. Instead of Spivak’s view that the subaltern cannot speak, it is possible to anticipate a near future in which the subaltern might be able to speak.
The Effect of Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategy Training on Intermediate Iranian EFL learners’ Willingness to Communicate
Authors: Farzam Maryam
Published: December 2017

The present study aimed at exploring the effects of cognitive and metacognitive strategy training on the WTC of Iranian EFL learners. The participants of the study included 90 Iranian EFL learners at the intermediate level of English language proficiency. They were divided into three groups based on their performance on a general proficiency test. One group received cognitive strategy instruction, another metacognitive strategy instruction and the last one served as the control group. The participants were also tested before and after the treatment in terms of WTC. The results of statistical analysis showed that both cognitive and metacognitive strategy training had a positive effect on the WTC of Iranian EFL learners. It was also revealed that metacognitive and cognitive strategy training had similar effects on the WTC of the participants.
The Effect of Computer-assisted Language Learning (CALL) on Immediate and Delayed Retention of Vocabularies in General English Course
Authors: Sedaghatkar Mozhgan
Published: December 2017

Vocabulary learning is essential for language acquisition; however, it is considered problematic for the second language learners. As a teacher of General English Course, I witness majority of students state that "It’s difficult for me to remember long words", "I rapidly forget new words", "I frequently repeat words", etc. As a matter of fact, learning vocabulary is one of the most boring tasks that language learners face with. Hence, different ways have been tried towards making vocabulary learning easier. In this regard, recent years have shown an interest in using computers for foreign language teaching and learning. A previous decade, the use of computers in the language classroom was of concern only to a small number of specialists. However, with the introduction of multimedia computing and the Internet, the role of computers in language teaching has now become a key issue that great numbers of language teachers throughout the world face with. In this regard, the present study sought to investigate the effect of computer assisted language learning (CALL) on immediate and delayed retention of vocabularies among Iranian university students in General English Course. In this regard, 58 students from Payam Noor University of Aradan and Garmsar, Iran, were selected at random on the basis of Nelson test and then were divided into experimental and control groups each one including 29 students. A vocabulary test (as a pretest) was administered to the subjects in both groups. The goal was to check what words were unknown to the subjects in both groups. After the administration of the vocabulary test, about 21 words out of 114 new words were omitted since these words were known to the subjects in both groups. During the study, the researcher taught each group in 3 sessions (each session 90 minutes). After completion of each session, both groups were assessed through an immediate posttest. The subjects were also assessed for delayed posttest one month after teaching sessions (posttest 2). The results obtained throughout the study indicated that there was a significant difference between CALL users and nonusers in favor of the experimental group (p<0.05). It was also concluded that the university students had a positive attitude toward using CALL for learning vocabulary. In light of the findings of the study, the effectiveness of CALL on immediate and delayed retention of vocabularies was approved.
Self-Efficacy and Critical Thinking as the Predictors of Autonomous Language Learning in EFL Contexts
Authors: Nosratinia Mania , Hossaini Faranak Amiri
Published: December 2017

The thrust of the present study was to systematically investigate the relationship between EFL learners' Self-Efficacy (SE), Critical Thinking (CT), and their Autonomy (AU). To this end, 196 male and female EFL learners, within the age range of 20 to 30 (Mage= 25) were selected based on convenience sampling strategy. They were asked to fill in three questionnaires, namely Sherer, Maddux, Mercadante, Prentice-Dunn, Jacobs, and Rogers' SE Scale (1982), Honey's CT questionnaire (2000), and Zhang and Li's Learner AU questionnaire (2004). Since the assumptions of normality of distribution were violated for the scores of AU and SE, in order to find out the relationships among the variables, the non-parametric Spearman Rank Order Coefficient of Correlation was conducted. The results revealed that there was a significant and positive correlation between AU and CT, AU and SE, and CT and SE. Furthermore, a regression analysis revealed that SE has the largest β coefficient (β = 0.519, t = 7.65, p = 0.0005). This is to say that SE makes the strongest statistically significant unique contribution to explaining AU. CT turned out to be the second significant predictor of AU scores (β = 0.186, t = 2.75, p = 0.007). The study concludes with a discussion on the obtained results followed by presenting some implications for EFL teachers, learners, and syllabus designers.
Multiscale Observations of Deep Convection in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea During Winter 2012–2013 Using Multiple Platforms
Authors: Testor Pierre , Bosse Anthony , Houpert Loïc , Margirier Félix , Mortier Laurent , Legoff Hervé , Dausse Denis , Labaste Matthieu , Karstensen Johannes , Hayes Daniel , Olita Antonio , Ribotti Alberto , Schroeder Katrin , Chiggiato Jacopo , Onken Reiner , Heslop Emma , Mourre Baptiste , D'ortenzio Fabrizio , Mayot Nicolas , Lavigne Héloise , de Fommervault Orens , Coppola Laurent , Prieur Louis , Taillandier Vincent , Durrieu de Madron Xavier , Bourrin Francois , Many Gael , Damien Pierre , Estournel Claude , Marsaleix Patrick , Taupier‐Letage Isabelle , Raimbault Patrick , Waldman Robin , Bouin Marie‐Noelle , Giordani Hervé , Caniaux Guy , Somot Samuel , Ducrocq Véronique , Conan Pascal
Published: December 2017

During winter 2012–2013, open‐ocean deep convection which is a major driver for the thermohaline circulation and ventilation of the ocean, occurred in the Gulf of Lions (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea) and has been thoroughly documented thanks in particular to the deployment of several gliders, Argo profiling floats, several dedicated ship cruises, and a mooring array during a period of about a year. Thanks to these intense observational efforts, we show that deep convection reached the bottom in winter early in February 2013 in a area of maximum 28 ± 3
. We present new quantitative results with estimates of heat and salt content at the subbasin scale at different time scales (on the seasonal scale to a 10 days basis) through optimal interpolation techniques, and robust estimates of the deep water formation rate of 2.0
. We provide an overview of the spatiotemporal coverage that has been reached throughout the seasons this year and we highlight some results based on data analysis and numerical modeling that are presented in this special issue. They concern key circulation features for the deep convection and the subsequent bloom such as Submesoscale Coherent Vortices (SCVs), the plumes, and symmetric instability at the edge of the deep convection area.
On the Relation Between Soft Electron Precipitations in the Cusp Region and Solar Wind Coupling Functions
Authors: Dang Tong , Zhang Binzheng , Wiltberger Michael , Wang Wenbin , Varney Roger , Dou Xiankang , Wan Weixing , Lei Jiuhou
Published: December 2017

In this study, the correlations between the fluxes of precipitating soft electrons in the cusp region and solar wind coupling functions are investigated utilizing the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry global magnetosphere model simulations. We conduct two simulation runs during periods from 20 March 2008 to 16 April 2008 and from 15 to 24 December 2014, which are referred as “Equinox Case” and “Solstice Case,” respectively. The simulation results of Equinox Case show that the plasma number density in the high‐latitude cusp region scales well with the solar wind number density (ncusp/nsw=0.78), which agrees well with the statistical results from the Polar spacecraft measurements. For the Solstice Case, the plasma number density of high‐latitude cusp in both hemispheres increases approximately linearly with upstream solar wind number density with prominent hemispheric asymmetry. Due to the dipole tilt effect, the average number density ratio ncusp/nsw in the Southern (summer) Hemisphere is nearly 3 times that in the Northern (winter) Hemisphere. In addition to the solar wind number density, 20 solar wind coupling functions are tested for the linear correlation with the fluxes of precipitating cusp soft electrons. The statistical results indicate that the solar wind dynamic pressure p exhibits the highest linear correlation with the cusp electron fluxes for both equinox and solstice conditions, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.75. The linear regression relations for equinox and solstice cases may provide an empirical calculation for the fluxes of cusp soft electron precipitation based on the upstream solar wind driving conditions.