bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Existentialism in the Works of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Munīf
Authors: Elimelekh Geula
Published: July 2014

This article examines existential themes in three of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Munīf’s novels: The Trees and the Murder of Marzūq, East of the Mediterranean and Here and Now or East of the Mediterranean Revisited.

The innovation of existentialist literature lies in the strength with which it describes alienation in the modern era, the meaninglessness of life and the pursuit of truth and absolute values. Munīf’s characters reflect the central themes of existentialist philosophy and literature. Like the protagonists of Sartre and Camus, they are aware of the absurdity of human existence and attempt to rebel against it, though often rebellion leads them to death and obscurity.

Munīf’s works, some of which belong to the unique Arabic prison literature sub-genre, highlight individuality and authenticity in his characters and portray other issues that preoccupy Western existentialist writers: anxiety and distress, fear of death, loneliness, alienation and moral decline. In Munīf’s literary world the existentialist fate is inevitable. However, most of his leading characters do not give up and do not succumb to fate, but fight against it in body and spirit. Across the spectrum of his writings, Munīf’s indomitable, yet highly human figures live and die lives committed to the existential ideals of freedom and authenticity, because they are aware that if they give up the struggle, all hope for a better future is lost.
Oman and Omani identity during the nahḍahs: A Comparison of Three Modern Historiographic Works
Authors: Coppola Anna Rita
Published: July 2014

The present article analyzes the historiographic works of three Omani ʿulamāʾ during the twentieth century. It tries to contextualize them in the historical period in which they were written, showing the peculiarity of Omani literature in the context of the Arab world. This is due to various factors: first of all the development of its history constantly characterized by the Ibadhi religion. For example the nahḍah and the reformism have taken on different meanings in Oman, especially in the modernizing era of Sultan Qābūs’s rule. Omani historiography is part and the product of this peculiarity. It narrates the changes and events in Oman and shows how the historiographer is affected by history, culture and religion.
Key to the species of Morishitium Wienberg, 1928 (Cyclocoelidae), with the description of a new species from the red-billed blue magpie, Urocissa erythrorhyncha (Boddaert) (Corvidae) from Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
Authors: Dronen Norman O. , Tkach VASYL V.
Published: July 2014

The 11 species currently assigned to Morishitium and the new species described herein are divided into the rauschi, straightum and vagum body types, and keys to species are provided. Morishitium urocissae n. sp. is described from the red-billed blue magpie, Urocissa erythrorhyncha (Corvidae), from the Dashahe Nature Reserve, Guizhou Province, southwestern Peoples Republic of China. Morishitium urocissae n. sp. is similar to M. bivesiculatum by having a similar ratio of the width of the pharynx to the width of the oral sucker (1:1.0–1:1.2 compared to 1:1.0) and a similar sized cirrus sac (470–565 long; 3–5% of body length compared to 400; 4%). Both species also have the anterior extent of the vitelline fields reaching the level of the pharynx, which distinguishes them from all other species in the genus that have an oral sucker present and lack a ventral. The new species differs from M. bivesiculatum by having a larger maximum egg size (135 by 70 compared to 127 by 65), uterine loops that overreach the ceca laterally rather than being intercecal, a shorter distance from the posterior testis to the posterior arch of the cyclocoel (70 [0–110] compared to 400), and by being from a magpie from the People’s Republic of China rather than being from a barbet from Sri Lanka. The new species is most similar to M. dumetellae, but differs from this species by having wider eggs (65 compared to 60), a longer body (10,400– 13,350 compared to 8,500), a shorter cirrus sac (470–565; 3–5% of the body length compared to 595; 7%), a smaller ratio of the pharynx to the oral sucker (1:1.0–1:1.3 compared to 1:1.7), more laterally extensive uterine loops (overreaching the ceca compared to being interececal), the anterior extent of the vitelline fields reaching to the level of the pharynx as compared to terminating posterior to the cecal bifurcation, and by being from a magpie from the People’s Republic of China rather than from a catbird from the United States.
On the Reclassification of the Terrapene (Testudines: Emydidae): A Response to Fritz & Havaš
Authors: MARTIN BRADLEY T. , BERNSTEIN NEIL P. , BIRKHEAD ROGER D. , KOUKL JIM F. , MUSSMANN STEVEN M. , PLACYK JR JOHN S.
Published: July 2014

The American box turtles (Terrapene spp.) consist of four historically recognized species based primarily on morphological data (Minx 1996): Terrapene carolina (Linnaeus), T. ornata (Agassiz), T. nelsoni (Stejneger), and T. coahuila (Schmidt & Owens). Each of these species is polytypic except for T. coahuila. Recently, the Placyk lab re-assessed the classification of Terrapene using molecular phylogenetic data, and suggested elevating a clade consisting of T. carolina triunguis (Agassiz), T. c. mexicana (Gray), and T. c. yucatana (Boulenger) to a distinct species: Terrapene mexicana ssp. (Martin et al. 2013). Our dataset included all Terrapene species and almost all of the subspecies (except for T. nelsoni klauberi), as well as large sample sizes and a wide geographic sampling for both mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear (nuc) DNA. The mtDNA Cytochrome b (Cytb) gene and a nucDNA intron from the Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPD) gene were used for phylogenetic analyses, and indicated that the T. mexicana clade was highly divergent from the remainder of the original T. carolina clade. In addition, the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene, which is used in many animals for DNA barcoding, was sequenced and used to calculate pairwise percent DNA sequence divergence between taxa. The barcoding data also strongly supported our suggested classification revisions. However, because possible introgression was detected for some of the individuals, T. mexicana was not recognized as a distinct species in a recent assessment of Testudines taxonomic updates (Fritz & Havaš 2013). The purpose of this treatise is to suggest that the possible presence of introgression seen in Martin et al. (2013) does not warrant disregarding T. mexicana as a unique species.
The Role of Information Exposure in Female University Students’ Evaluation and Selection of Eco-Friendly Apparel in the South African Emerging Economy
Authors: Sonnenberg Nadine , Jacobs Bertha , Momberg Dinele
Published: July 2014

Increasing consumption in the South African emerging economy necessitates stringent effort toward developing environmental information campaigns that stimulate preferences for eco-friendly alternatives. This qualitative study explores the role of exposure to information about the environmental impact of the apparel supply chain in female students' evaluation and selection of apparel. Based on the outcome of garment selection exercises and focus group discussions, participants were not swayed by exposure to hang tags, audio-visual or printed information sources to prioritize eco-friendly features in their choice of product, nor were they willing to compromise on attributes such as price for the sake of the environment. Participants' recommendations include standardized eco-labels to facilitate identification of eco-friendly alternatives and message content that is short, precise and factual. Interpersonal communication could represent an influential source of information and merits further investigation into the relevance of normative social influence on pro-environmental apparel behavior in the South African emerging economy.
Research Directions for Examining Hazardous Noise at the Theater
Authors: Phillips Elizabeth
Published: July 2014

Hazardous noise in workplaces is a leading cause of preventable hearing loss among American workers. Traditionally, studies of hazardous noise have been conducted in industrial and manufacturing settings. However, there exists a void in research concerning the prevalence of hazardous noise and the means by which HF/E experts can work to mitigate hazardous noise in less commonly researched settings, such as movie theaters. In this paper, I illustrate and discuss why hazardous noise should be investigated in this setting and highlight relevant research questions associated with investigating noise in theater environments.
Exploring the practical wisdom of mētis for management learning
Authors: Mackay David , Zundel Mike , Alkirwi Mazin
Published: July 2014

This article investigates the nature of practical wisdom in organizational life through the notion of mētis, which we interpret as situated resourcefulness. Drawing on Greek mythology, we explore the nature of mētis and discuss its mythological characteristics in relation to a contemporary organizational episode. We suggest that the consideration of mētis not only highlights the shortcomings of measurement and conceptual order in management, but also allows us to project a more processual managerial response which accepts the fallacy of unilateral control and strives towards a harmonic balance of continually unfolding, dynamic and recursive patterns.
Time to Recovery From Lateropulsion Dependent on Key Stroke Deficits
Authors: Babyar Suzanne R. , Peterson Margaret G. E. , Reding Michael
Published: July 2014

Background. Lateropulsion, a postural control disorder, delays recovery following hemispheric stroke. The number of stroke impairments may lead to differential recovery rates, depending on the intact systems available for recovery from lateropulsion. Objective. To study the impact of key postural control deficits on lateropulsion rate of recovery following stroke. Methods. Through retrospective analysis: 169 patients with hemispheric stroke in an in-patient rehabilitation facility were divided into 3 groups: (1) motor deficits only; (2) motor and hemianopic or visual–spatial deficits or motor and proprioceptive deficits; and (3) motor, proprioceptive, and hemianopic or visual–spatial deficits. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis determined if time to recovery from lateropulsion (achieving a score of 0 or 1 on the Burke Lateropulsion Scale) differed by group. Results. Log rank tests showed that time to recovery from lateropulsion differed based on the number of deficits (group, P = .012). Post hoc analyses by lesion side showed that group differences only occurred in right brain lesion ( P < .05) as compared with left brain lesions ( P = .34). Patients recovered from lateropulsion during in-patient rehabilitation if they had only motor deficits; those with all 3 postural control deficits showed the most protracted recovery. Conclusions. Rate of recovery from lateropulsion after stroke is dependent on the side of lesion, and number of key motor, proprioceptive, and/or hemianopic or visual–spatial deficits. The more postural control systems affected, the slower the recovery. Our data identify patients likely to need protracted rehabilitation targeting key postural control deficits.
What If? Genetically Modified Organisms and Synthetic Life
Authors: Kuo Gioietta , Jennings Lane
Published: July 2014

Scientists have already mapped the human genome and successfully applied their knowledge of its structure and the functioning of genes to correct defects and aid healing. But this same knowledge can be used to artificially enhance human capabilities or even produce variations on existing human physiology and reasoning far beyond our present powers to imagine—let alone predict or plan for. Ethical considerations of this power tend to focus on the “rights” and “duties” of human beings as we know them today as the one desirable norm. This paper briefly reviews the progress of Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) technology to date and considers how different conditions in the future might justify—or even require—applying various genetic modification techniques to help ensure the survival of the human species.
Exploring the Corrosion Behavior of Polymer-based 3D Graphene–Nickel Foam Composites
Authors: Wang Qin-Ying , Zhao Yun-Hong , Wu Zhen-Kun , Bai Shu-Lin
Published: July 2014

We successfully fabricated three-dimensional graphene–nickel foam–polymer composites (GNPs) and then explored their microstructures and electrochemical responses when both graphene and nickel were exposed to a corrosive solution. It was found that the corrosion resistance of the GNPs decreases with increasing graphene thickness. This is considered to be caused by galvanic corrosion between the graphene and the nickel foam. The findings suggest that the intactness of the graphene film is very important when it is used as a protective barrier for long-term corrosion prevention.
Nanogold-signalized Lateral-flow Strip for Visual Detection of Lead Ion Based on Cleavage of Metal-ion-induced DNAzyme
Authors: Pei Xiaomei
Published: July 2014

A new membrane-based lateral-flow strip was designed for sensitive and rapid monitoring of lead ion (Pb2+) in environmental samples by using Pb2+-specific DNAzyme-functionalized gold nanoparticles as the signal-transduction tags.
A Survey of Academic Use of Interfaces
Authors: Camm Jeffrey D. , Cochran James J. , Gorman Michael F.
Published: July 2014

We conducted a survey of academically affiliated members of INFORMS to better understand the extent of the current usage of Interfaces. We asked respondents if and how they use Interfaces as a resource in teaching and research, and we also asked a series of questions about their careers and the institutions at which they are employed. Our results show that Interfaces is used mostly in teaching MBA core and elective courses and MS and PhD courses in operations research and operations management. Edelman papers are generally used mostly for teaching and reference in research. In this paper, we describe some differences based on type of academic institution and on whether the respondent is an Interfaces subscriber; we also identify opportunities for Interfaces.
Innovating care in the community
Authors: Webb Maggie , Campbell Karen
Published: July 2014

The move to care in the community is a key feature of NHS policy aimed at delivering better care while reducing costs. A multi-award-winning service in Oxford is leading the way in innovative community care, making a real difference to improving patient health and wellbeing. The Oxford Emergency Multidisciplinary Unit in Abingdon, Oxford was set up to meet the urgent assessment and treatment needs of patients with multiple, often complex problems, many of whom are frail and elderly. The unit provides comprehensive medical, nursing, therapist and social care assessment, supported by advances in ‘point-of-care’ diagnostic technology that provide test results within minutes of patients' arrival. This successful project has led to duplicate units not only in the Oxford region, but across the UK.
m-health: a decade of evolution and impact on services and global health
Authors: Istepanian Robert SH
Published: July 2014

Mobile health (m-health) was first introduced in 2003, and has now become one of the major pillars of modern ICT for healthcare. This article examines the growing importance of m-health over the past decade, and the ongoing contribution of this concept globally to key areas healthcare, such as disease management, wellbeing and diagnostics.
Smoking, dementia, melanoma
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: July 2014

JOURNALS WATCH

In-depth analysis of the latest research. Compiled by Mark Greener
Health visiting: Profession or job?
Authors: Cowley Dame Sarah
Published: July 2014

Unless health visiting is considered a profession, rather than just a job for nurses, any semblance of regulation by NMC may disappear, warns Professor Dame Sarah Cowley.
Augmented State Approach in Quasi-Sliding-Mode Controlled PEBB-Based Power Converters
Authors: Carmeli Maria Stefania , Superti-Furga Gabrio
Published: July 2014

A wide class of high power converters have modular structures as they are constituted of the connection of two-level modules, according to the power electronic building block (PEBB) concept. Moreover, the intrinsic variable structure nature of PEBBs makes sliding mode control an attractive solution. When complex configurations are considered the number of PEBBs can be different from the number of switching relations, and modularity concept is not still valid at control level. The present paper proposes and discusses a general and systematic approach which makes it possible to have a one-to-one correspondence between the number of PEBBs and the switching control laws. It makes it possible to preserve the modularity of PEBB allowing to have an embedded modulation strategy. In such a way, standard current-tracking algorithm can be applied at PEBB level. The approach is based on augmented state method and makes it possible to verify separately for each PEBB both sliding and reaching conditions. The proposed approach is verified and supported through simulation tests.
Causality, a Trialogue
Authors: Chambaz Antoine , Drouet Isabelle , Thalabard Jean-Christophe
Published: July 2014

A philosopher, a medical doctor, and a statistician talk about causality. They discuss the relationships between causality, chance, and statistics, resorting to examples from medicine to develop their arguments. This debate gives rise to an original trialogue, a tribute to the famous conversation between d’Alembert and Diderot, two great French thinkers of the Enlightenment. The trialogue notably offers an introduction to the philosophy of causality and an initiation to statistics, including recent developments that should prove interesting to specialists and laypeople alike.
A Route to Chaos after Bifurcation in a Two-section Semiconductor Laser Using Opto-electronic Delayed Feedback at Each In-current
Authors: Yan Sen-lin
Published: July 2014

We study dynamics in an opto-electronic delayed feedback two-section semiconductor laser. We predict theoretically that the system can result in bistability and bifurcation. We analyze numerically the route to chaos from stability to bifurcation by varying the delayed time, feedback strength and two in-currents. The system displays the four distinct types or modes of stable, periodic pulsed or self-pulsing, undamped oscillating or beating, and chaos. The frequency and intensity varying with the delayed time in the self-pulsation regions are discussed detailedly to find that the pulsing frequency is reduced with the long delayed time while the pulsing intensity is added. And the chaotic pulsing frequency is increased with the large in-current
Rapidly enlarging renal tumor during pregnancy: diagnostic and management dilemma
Authors: Tiang Kor Woi , Ng Keng Lim , Vega-Vega Antonio , Wood Simon
Published: July 2014

Urological tumors diagnosed during pregnancy are rare. However, the incidence seems to be increasing largely due to advancements in modern imaging techniques and improved antenatal care. The diagnosis and management of renal tumors during pregnancy poses a dilemma to clinicians. This case report highlights the challenges in managing a large chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in a young primigravida patient. Proper antenatal assessment, a multidisciplinary team approach and appropriate discussion with patient are important determinants to achieve the best clinical outcomes for both the mother and the baby.
Sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Morais Christudas
Published: July 2014

Of the many targeted therapies introduced since 2006, sunitinib has carved its way to become the most commonly used first-line therapy for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Despite significant improvements in progression-free survival, 30% of the patients are intrinsically resistant to sunitinib and the remaining 70% who respond initially will eventually become resistant in 6–15 months. While the molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance to sunitinib have been unravelling at a rapid rate, the mechanisms of intrinsic resistance remain elusive. Combination therapy, sunitinib rechallenge and sequential therapy have been investigated as means to overcome resistance to sunitinib. Of these, sequential therapy appears to be the most promising strategy. This mini review summarises our emerging understanding of the molecular mechanisms, and the strategies employed to overcome sunitinib resistance.
Editor's note
Authors: Cancer and VHL Journal of Kidney
Published: July 2014

Dear fellow researchers,Welcome to the first issue of the Journal of Kidney Cancer and VHL (JKCVHL).JKCVHL is an open access journal created to fill the vacuum for a specialized journal to disseminate information on the advances in kidney cancer and VHL research. I am confident JKCVHL will fulfil its intended purpose, and will be a leading journal in this field in the days to come.Christudas Morais, MSc, MPhil, PhDEditor
Evaluation of steroid hormones and their receptors in development and progression of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Bennett Nigel C , Rajandram Retnagowri , Ng Keng Lim , Gobe Glenda C
Published: July 2014

Steroid hormones and their receptors have important roles in normal kidney biology, and alterations in their expression and function help explain the differences in development of kidney diseases, such as nephrotic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. The distinct gender difference in incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with males having almost twice the incidence as females globally, also suggests a role for sex hormones or their receptors in RCC development and progression. There was a peak in interest in evaluating the roles of androgen and estrogen receptors in RCC pathogenesis in the late 20th century, with some positive outcomes for RCC therapy that targeted estrogen receptors, especially for metastatic disease. Since that time, however, there have been few studies that look at use of steroid hormone modulators for RCC, especially in the light of new therapies such as the tyrosine kinase inhibitors and new immune therapies, which are having some success for treatment of metastatic RCC. This review summarises past and current literature and attempts to stimulate renewed interest in research into the steroid hormones and their receptors, which might be used to effect, for example, in combination with the other newer targeted therapies for RCC.
Do the changes in temperature and light affect the functional response of the benthic mud snail Heleobia australis (Mollusca: Gastropoda)?
Authors: MAGALHÃES THAISA R.F. , NEVES RAQUEL A.F. , VALENTIN JEAN L. , FIGUEIREDO GISELA M.
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of temperature increase combined to conditions of light incidence on functional response of Heleobia australis. Experiments were conducted using nine to ten food concentrations for each treatment: 20°C without light; 30°C without light and, 30°C under low light intensity. For each experiment, the functional response type III (sigmoidal) was fitted and equation parameters were determined. Results suggest that, if the sediment temperature increases, H. australis will not have its ingestion rates affected negatively, whilst its feeding behavior seems to be negatively affected by light. Ingestion rates estimated for organic content in the Guanabara Bay were: 0.34 µgC ind–1h–1 at 20°C without light, 1.44 µgC ind–1h–1 at 30°C without light and 0.64 µgC ind–1h–1 at 30°C under light incidence. Higher ingestion rates were estimated at the high temperature, even under light incidence, and temperature seems to have outweighed the light effect. In contrast, if higher carbon content is considered, despite high temperature, the experiment conducted with light incidence showed lower ingestion rates than those from the experiment at 20°C without light. This study provides the first quantification of H. australis ingestion rates and the effects that changes in temperature and light have on its feeding behavior.
O aprendizado sobre os recursos do Sistema Único de Saúde na residência em radiologia
Authors: Oliveira Aparecido Ferreira de , Lederman Henrique Manoel , Batista Nildo Alves
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: Investigar a aprendizagem sobre gestão dos recursos do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e de suas interfaces com instituições privadas na residência em radiologia da Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, procurando o aprimoramento da formação do radiologista. Materiais e Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa junto a residentes, docentes e preceptores do programa, utilizando-se questionários (46) no formato Likert e aprofundamento com entrevistas (18), com categorização a partir das unidades de significado (análise temática). Resultados: Sessenta e três por cento dos participantes afirmam inexistir a oportunidade do residente conhecer a gestão dos recursos do SUS, sendo ainda mais enfáticos (76%) quanto ao conhecimento sobre estes recursos advindos de instituições privadas na intersecção com o SUS. Conclusão: Aprender sobre a gestão dos recursos do SUS, referida pelos entrevistados como sistema amplo e complexo, pouco ensinado mesmo em seus aspectos mais básicos, com experiências vivenciadas no cotidiano com excesso de pacientes e agenda lotada, numa infraestrutura frequentemente inadequada, representa desafios importantes a serem suplantados pelos programas de residência. Esta pesquisa apontou a necessidade de maior ênfase no desenvolvimento de aprendizagens sobre aspectos relacionados com a gestão de recursos provenientes do SUS, assimilando particularidades e superando as dificuldades habitualmente enfrentadas, aprimorando assim a formação do radiologista.
Implementação de programas multiestratégicos: uma proposta de matriz avaliativa
Authors: Magalhães Rosana
Published: July 2014

Os programas que buscam alcançar mudanças abrangentes envolvem a articulação entre diferentes políticas públicas, a compreensão da diversidade de demandas sociais em cada contexto e a valorização da dinâmica participativa. Frente à complexidade destas experiências é importante revisar as perspectivas avaliativas tradicionais e discutir alternativas. A partir do referencial analítico da chamada avaliação baseada na teoria (theory driven evaluation), cujo foco central é a análise da validade das concepções que ligam processos e resultados, e em um estudo de caso exploratório de caráter qualitativo do programa federal de transferência de renda Bolsa Família, o artigo apresenta como principal resultado uma proposta de matriz metodológica. O instrumento pode apoiar a avaliação da implementação de intervenções voltadas à promoção da saúde, segurança alimentar e redução da pobreza.
Capital social en áreas rurales: adaptación al español y validación factorial de una escala
Authors: Fernández Niño Julián Alfredo , Pinzón Flórez Carlos Eduardo , Moreno Montoya José , Cepeda Gil Magda Cristiana , Idrovo Velandia Álvaro Javier
Published: July 2014

El capital social se considera un determinante estructural de desarrollo y bienestar social. Su componente cognitivo evalúa el grado de confianza de la población en sus sistemas de organización social, así como las interacciones comunitarias que estructuran respuestas sociales a los problemas sociales. Existen pocas escalas disponibles para la medición de este constructo. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de la adaptación al español y validación psicométrica de una escala para la medición de capital social en contextos rurales. Se adaptó al español la escala de capital social cognitivo de Wang. Se aplicaron 1200 cuestionarios a adultos en 12 veredas de Tierralta (Colombia) seleccionados con muestreo aleatorio simple estratificado. Se realizó análisis factorial de la escala a partir de una matriz de correlación policórica. El análisis factorial exploratorio sugiere la existencia de dos factores principales distribuidos así: 7 ítems para el factor 1 (confianza) (valor propio 3.23.) y 2 ítems para el factor 2 (desconfianza) (valor propio 1.40). Como fue observado por Wang, Q9 y Q10 parecen preguntas ambiguas que no aportan suficiente a ninguno de los factores. Se presenta la primera validación factorial al español de la escala de capital social de Wang en el contexto social de la Colombia rural.
Suicídio e trabalho em metrópoles brasileiras: um estudo ecológico
Authors: Ceccon Roger Flores , Meneghel Stela Nazareth , Tavares Juliana Petri , Lautert Liana
Published: July 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar a mortalidade por suicídio com indicadores de saúde e trabalho em seis metrópoles brasileiras: Porto Alegre, Recife, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Estudo ecológico, cujo desfecho é o coeficiente de mortalidade por suicídio na série histórica de 2002 a 2010, e as variáveis independentes são os indicadores de atividade laboral e de sofrimento mental. Realizou-se associação estatística por meio do teste de Correlação de Pearson e as variáveis associadas ao suicídio (p < 0,05) foram incluídas em um modelo de regressão linear multivariada. A mortalidade por suicídio foi maior em Porto Alegre, seguida de São Paulo, e a tendência do fenômeno foi ascendente (p = 0,03). Observou-se que a população economicamente ativa e ocupada permaneceu no modelo final de regressão na cidade de São Paulo. A associação entre mortalidade por suicídio e variáveis laborais sugere que o trabalho no contexto de precarização piora a qualidade de vida da população trabalhadora, implica em sofrimento físico e mental e aumenta o risco de autoagressão.
Entre cuidar e vigiar: ambiguidades e contradições no discurso de uma agente penitenciária
Authors: Barcinski Mariana , Altenbernd Bibiana , Campani Cristiane
Published: July 2014

O artigo tem como objetivo verificar de que modo o discurso de uma agente penitenciária que trabalha com mulheres encarceradas reflete de formas diversas a contradição inerente à instituição prisão, a saber, sua dupla missão de punir e ressocializar criminosos. Os dados coletados em uma penitenciária feminina do Rio Grande do Sul foram analisados através da Análise Crítica do Discurso, que tem como objetivo entender de que forma as produções discursivas refletem relações sociais de poder. A análise nos mostra que a prática desta agente fundamenta-se simultaneamente em ideologias punitivas e ressocializadoras, expressas em sentimentos contraditórios de raiva e carinho em relação às detentas. Os resultados nos apontam para a centralidade de gênero na relação estabelecida entre agentes e presas. Portanto, o fato de ser uma agente mulher cuidando e vigiando outras mulheres dota esta relação cotidiana de uma complexidade ainda maior, que extrapola os limites impostos pela prisão.
Aplicabilidade prática do empowerment nas estratégias de promoção da saúde
Authors: Souza Janaina Medeiros de , Tholl Adriana Dutra , Córdova Fernanda Peixoto , Heidemann Ivonete Teresinha Schülter Buss , Boehs Astrid Eggert , Nitschke Rosane Gonçalves
Published: July 2014

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar nas pesquisas em saúde quais estratégias de "empowerment" foram abordadas para a promoção da saúde, caracterizando-as na ótica das perspectivas crítico-social e pós-estruturalista. Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa realizada em maio de 2011 nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e SciELO, com os seguintes critérios de inclusão: artigos completos de pesquisa, relatos de casos ou relatos de experiências publicados no período de 2002 a 2011, em Português, Espanhol e Inglês, tendo como critério de busca a palavra-chave "empowerment" e o descritor, "promoção da saúde" (DeCS/Bireme). Foram selecionados 20 artigos, os quais apresentaram estratégias de "empowerment" individual e/ou comunitário e caracterizaram-se em uma perspectiva crítico-social. Acredita-se que algumas atividades, em especial as que envolviam grupos de discussão temática, representaram uma ferramenta mobilizadora e de "empowerment", quais sejam: teatro, círculo de cultura, terapia comunitária, oficinas de escuta terapêutica, visita domiciliar, extensão universitária e projetos de ação social. Compreende-se que toda estratégia de "empowerment" também o é de promoção da saúde, mas nem toda estratégia de promoção da saúde é empoderadora.
Preferência por comportamentos favoráveis à prática de atividade física e nível de atividade física de crianças de uma cidade do sul do Brasil
Authors: Bielemann Renata Moraes , Xavier Mariana Otero , Gigante Denise Petrucci
Published: July 2014

O artigo objetiva descrever preferências por comportamentos favoráveis à prática de atividade física (AF) e avaliar sua influência sobre o nível de AF de crianças da cidade de Pelotas, RS. Estudo transversal de base populacional com crianças de 4 a 11 anos. Comportamentos favoráveis à prática de AF foram avaliados pelo Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire (NPAQ). O tempo de AF moderada ou vigorosa (AFMV) foi medido por acelerometria. Análise de variância e regressão linear foram usadas para avaliar associações entre as perguntas do NPAQ e variáveis independentes e entre cada comportamento e o tempo de AFMV, respectivamente. Crianças de maior nível econômico gostaram mais de desenhar e preferiram menos brincadeiras agitadas e brincar na rua do que crianças de menor nível econômico. Crianças de maior idade foram menos extrovertidas e gostaram menos de desenhar do que crianças mais novas. Gostar de esportes, ter falta de interesse por desenhar e preferir brincar na rua foram positivamente associados ao tempo diário de AFMV. Algumas das características estudadas mostraram-se associadas a comportamentos favoráveis à prática de AF, sendo a maior influência observada para o nível econômico. Preferências como gostar de esportes influenciaram positivamente o tempo gasto em AFMV.
Doenças crônicas em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Moreira Martha Cristina Nunes , Gomes Romeu , Sá Miriam Ribeiro Calheiros de
Published: July 2014

O artigo analisa artigos publicados entre 2003 e 2011 enfocando discussões sobre condições crônicas ou doenças crônicas de crianças e adolescentes. Metodologicamente conjuga a revisão de literatura a uma análise de conteúdo temática com vistas a identificar quais os elementos que caracterizam doenças crônicas em crianças e adolescentes e as especificidades geradas por essas condições. A revisão resultou na descrição do conjunto dos artigos, caracterizando-os quanto ano de publicação, país, tipo de estudo, população e condição de cronicidade abordada. A análise de conteúdo temática gerou dois temas: Definição de Doença Crônica e Formas de se lidar com as doenças crônicas em crianças e adolescentes. Destaca-se como conclusão que as transições etárias quando uma doença é diagnosticada e tratada desde a infância, vai passar por transformações que incluem a maneira como se dá o seu fluxo entre os serviços e as mudanças que envolvem processos de alta, de tomada de decisão e de construção de rede que inclua família, hospital, escola e sistema de garantia de direitos.
Characterization of the geographical distribution pattern of the family Limacinidae Gray, 1840 (Mollusca - Gastropoda) in the waters of Northeastern of Brazil
Authors: Koblitz Valdeni Soares de Oliveira , Larrazábal Maria Eduarda de L.
Published: July 2014

The geographical distribution of the family Limacinidae in the Northeastern coast of Brazil was analyzed by taking into account the most relevant ecological aspects, aiming to increase the knowledge about the Family. The material was collected during the 4th Oceanographic Expedition of the REVIZEE program (Assessment of the Sustainable Potential of Living Resources in the Exclusive Economic Zone - Avaliação do Potencial Sustentável de Recursos Vivos da Zona Econômica Exclusiva), in the months from September to December 2000. The studied area is located between 00°46’45”N and 13°53’45”S and between 29°15’40”W and 39°49’42”W, where six trips were performed, totaling 123 stations. The samples were collected using a bongo net (300- and 500-µm mesh size and net mouths of 60 cm in diameter) coupled with a digital flowmeter in oblique hauls from a depth of 0 to 200 m. For this study, the organisms retained in the 300-µm mesh were considered. On board the ship, the samples were placed in plastic containers, labeled, and fixed in 4% formaldehyde buffered with sodium tetraborate. In the laboratory, the samples were analyzed on a “Bogorov” tray under a binocular stereomicroscope. A total of 5655 individuals of the family Limacinidae were examined and were distributed as follows: 3 genera and 5 species. Representatives of the family Limacinidae were observed at high temperatures and salinities and were thus characterized as tropical and euhaline.Heliconoides inflatus was the species with the greatest abundance and frequency. Limacina lesueurii proved to be a rare, infrequently observed species. Limacina trochiformis andL. bulimoides were not abundant or frequent.Limacina lesueurii and L. bulimoides were recorded in neritic waters for the first time; this was also the first record ofL. lesueurii in the waters of Northeastern Brazil.Limacina trochiformis and L. bulimoidesexhibited wide distributions, although they were neither very frequently observed nor abundant. The distribution of Thielea helicoideswas restricted to oceanic waters. A correlation between Limacina bulimoides, Heliconoides inflatus, Thielea helicoides, and L. lesueurii was observed because they coexisted in the same niche.
Corrib onshore gas pipeline, Ireland – using BIM on a large infrastructure project
Authors: Ward David , Butler Ciaran , Khan Saeed , Coyle Bryan
Published: July 2014

Building information modelling (BIM) has been used extensively on the Corrib onshore gas pipeline project in Ireland. The complex project involved a wide range of specialist environmental, engineering and legal expertise. Spatial datasets were integrated and several data-acquisition techniques were used to create a digital terrain model. A three-dimensional ‘single integrated model' was then developed which proved to be an invaluable resource during the planning, design and construction of the tunnelling compound. The project serves as benchmark for the benefits of using BIM in infrastructure projects.
Britain's infrastructure contractors report more work but a shortage of skills
Authors: Reisner Alasdair
Published: July 2014

The Civil Engineering Contractors Association (CECA) represents most of the UK's civil engineering contractors. Chief executive Alasdair Reisner says his members' orders are up but skills in Britain's infrastructure sector are in short supply.
Wikipedia: helping to promote the art and science of civil engineering
Authors: Armstrong Richard
Published: July 2014

ICE's information systems panel has been helping ICE add to, expand and improve Wikipedia's civil engineering content and wants to encourage more ICE members to contribute. Panel vice chair Paul Wilkinson explains.
Use of European standards for temporary works design: a warning
Authors: Jones Andrew
Published: July 2014

Two recent publications have highlighted insufficient understanding of the design of temporary works to European standards. If care is not taken there could be a considerable reduction in overall safety, says Andrew Jones of RMD Kwikform.
Hypertensive Emergency and Type 2 Myocardial Infarction Resulting From Pheochromocytoma and Concurrent Capnocytophaga Canimorsus Infection
Authors: Fent Graham J , Kamaruddin Hazlyna , Garg Pankaj , Iqbal Ahmed , Kelland Nicholas F , Hall Ian R
Published: July 2014

A diagnosis of myocardial infarction is made using a combination of clinical presentation, electrocardiogram and cardiac biomarkers. However, myocardial infarction can be caused by factors other than coronary artery plaque rupture and thrombosis. We describe an interesting case presenting with hypertensive emergency and type 2 myocardial infarction resulting from Pheochromocytoma associated with Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection from a dog bite. We also review current literature on the management of hypertensive emergency and Pheochromocytoma.
Prevalence of Emotional Disorders Among Students of University of Medical Sciences; Iran
Authors: Akbari Valiollah , Hajian Abbas , Damirchi Parisa
Published: July 2014

Background:

No nation-wide data are available on mental disorders in medical students. Such information can be useful for having a proper approach to and intervention for our students' health condition.

Aim:

To determine the mental health status in all of the students who study in one medical university.

Methods:

After invitation of all 790 students, 688 accepted to take part in this cross sectional study. We used the 28-items of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) to evaluate mental health status.

Results:

Over one third (37.8%) of our participants had mental disorders. There was no difference between genders. Emergency medicine students had the most prevalence of mental disorders (51.4%). The increase in the years of education was associated with that of the risk of involvement. Social dysfunction and depression were more prevalent than somatization and anxiety symptoms. Lower level of graduation was associated with higher depressive symptoms and medical students were at higher risk for social dysfunction.

Conclusion:

Prevalence rates among the students of the medical university are higher in comparison with the population and needs serial evaluation plans to screen and prevent mental disorders in this part of the population.
Intelligent Approach for Analysis of Respiratory Signals and Oxygen Saturation in the Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome
Authors: Moret-Bonillo Vicente , Alvarez-Estévez Diego , Fernández-Leal Angel , Hernández-Pereira Elena
Published: July 2014

This work deals with the development of an intelligent approach for clinical decision making in the diagnosis of the Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome, SAHS, from the analysis of respiratory signals and oxygen saturation in arterial blood, SaO2. In order to accomplish the task the proposed approach makes use of different artificial intelligence techniques and reasoning processes being able to deal with imprecise data. These reasoning processes are based on fuzzy logic and on temporal analysis of the information. The developed approach also takes into account the possibility of artifacts in the monitored signals. Detection and characterization of signal artifacts allows detection of false positives. Identification of relevant diagnostic patterns and temporal correlation of events is performed through the implementation of temporal constraints.
SEDMIN - Microsoft Excel™ spreadsheet for calculating fine-grained sedimentary rock mineralogy from bulk geochemical analysis
Authors: Kackstaetter Uwe
Published: July 2014

Normative mineralogical calculations from bulk geochemistry of sedimentary rocks are problematic because of variable depositional environments, particle hydraulics and sedimentary source systems. The development of SEDMIN, a Microsoft Excel™ spreadsheet solution, is a practical attempt for a computational routine focusing specifically on smectite, chlorite, kaolinite, illite and the ambiguous sericite within various pelitic sedimentary lithologies. While in essence a mathematical approach, the use of statistical evaluation of empirical lithogeochemical data combined with modal analytical procedures yields reasonable geochemical associations, more precise chemical phases and revised procedural allotment paradigms. Thus, an algorithm using TiO2 as a key to the normative calculation of kaolinite is proposed. Incorporating additional parameters, such as LOI (Loss-on-ignition) in conjunction with carbon, sulfur, carbonate and sulfate, provides that clay phases can be more accurately determined than from bulk oxides alone. Even when presented with atypical sample data, the spreadsheet solution is able to accurately predict predominant clay minerals. Besides some drawbacks, the likely benefit from SEDMIN is the incorporation of results in classification norms and diagrams indicative of sedimentary lithologies. The ”SEDMIN Sedimentary Mineral Calculator.xlsx” spreadsheet can be freely downloaded from http://earthscienceeducation.net/SEDMINSedimentaryMineralCalculator.xlsx.
The state of the environment in Mexico
Authors: Bollo Manent Manuel , Hernández Santana José , Méndez Linares Ana
Published: July 2014

The present work evaluates the state of the environment in Mexico based on indicators of the present status of the country’s natural resource management, social and economical conditions and anthropogenic modifications. The Mexican environment is interpreted as a spatially open system having a historical character that is essentially determined by the continual interaction between nature, society and economy. The landscape approach is followed, considering as units of territorial analysis each one of the 145 biophysical environmental units included in the national physiographic regionalization. The assessment of 16 indicators for each biophysical environmental unit was made considering their regional environmental integrity problems, the degree of disarticulation of their structure and function, and the alteration of their territorial structure, all of which determine whether or not they accomplish their environmental functions and achieve environmental stability. The classification of the state of the environment included 5 categories in 8 combinations represented in the map of the state of the environment in Mexico for the year 2008. The map shows that nearly 47.10% of the country’s surface has an environmental status ranging between unstable and critical, the problematic areas being mostly concentrated in the southeast and center of the national territory.
A Needs-Based Allocation Formula for Canada Health Transfer
Authors: Marchildon Gregory , Mou Haizhen
Published: July 2014

We analyze the expected impact of the new Canada Health Transfer (CHT) on the capacity of Canadian provinces to provide universal Medicare coverage. We found the new CHT formula, recently redesigned by the federal government, fails to address the differing capacity of provinces to provide Medicare coverage due to the unavoidably higher costs imposed by the population's age structure and geographical dispersion. We propose a modified capitation formula that adjusts for these “unavoidable” cost factors. The redistributive impact on the provinces is examined as well as the extent to which the proposed CHT fits with other federal transfer, especially Equalization.
Ubiquitin Signaling: Extreme Conservation as a Source of Diversity
Authors: Zuin Alice , Isasa Marta , Crosas Bernat
Published: July 2014

Around 2 × 103–2.5 × 103 million years ago, a unicellular organism with radically novel features, ancestor of all eukaryotes, dwelt the earth. This organism, commonly referred as the last eukaryotic common ancestor, contained in its proteome the same functionally capable ubiquitin molecule that all eukaryotic species contain today. The fact that ubiquitin protein has virtually not changed during all eukaryotic evolution contrasts with the high expansion of the ubiquitin system, constituted by hundreds of enzymes, ubiquitin-interacting proteins, protein complexes, and cofactors. Interestingly, the simplest genetic arrangement encoding a fully-equipped ubiquitin signaling system is constituted by five genes organized in an operon-like cluster, and is found in archaea. How did ubiquitin achieve the status of central element in eukaryotic physiology? We analyze here the features of the ubiquitin molecule and the network that it conforms, and propose notions to explain the complexity of the ubiquitin signaling system in eukaryotic cells.