bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First fully-diurnal fog and low cloud satellite detection reveals life
cycle in the Namib
Authors: Andersen Hendrik , Cermak Jan
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Fog and low clouds (FLC) are a typical feature along the southwestern African coast, especially in the central Namib, where fog constitutes a valuable resource of water for many ecosystems. In this study, a novel algorithm to detect FLC over land from geostationary satellite data using only infrared observations is presented. The algorithm is the first of its kind as it is stationary in time and thus able to reveal a detailed view into the diurnal and spatial patterns of FLC in the Namib region. A validation against net radiation measurements from a station network in the central Namib reveals a high overall accuracy with a probability of detection of 94 %, a false alarm rate of 12 % and an overall correctness of classification of 97 %. The average timing and persistence of FLC seem to depend on the distance to the coast, suggesting that the region is dominated by advection-driven FLC. While the algorithm is applied to study Namib-region fog and low clouds, it is designed to be transferable to other regions and can be used to retrieve long-term data sets.
Emergence of a localized total electron content enhancement during the G4 geomagnetic storm of September 8, 2017
Authors: Sotomayor-Beltran Carlos
Published: July 2018

Abstract. In this work, the first results of the analysis on total electron content (TEC) data before, during and after the geomagnetic storm of September 8, 2017 are reported. A common response to geomagnetic storms due to the southern vertical interplanetary magnetic field (Bz) is the enhancement of the electron density in the ionosphere. Vertical TEC (VTEC) from the Center for Orbit determination in Europe (CODE) along with a statistical method were used to identify positive and/or negative ionospheric storms in response to the geomagnetic storm of September 8, 2017. When analysing the response to the G4 storm of September 8, 2017 it was indeed possible to observed an enhancement of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA); however what it is was unexpected, was the identification of a local TEC enhancement (LTE) to the south of the EIA (~ 40° S), right over New Zealand and extending towards the south-eastern coast of Australia and also eastward towards the Pacific). This was a very transitory LTE that lasted approximately 2 hours, starting at ~ 02:00 UT on September 8 where its maximum VTEC increase was of 241,2 %. Using the same statistical method we looked for LTEs in a similar category geomagnetic storm, the G4 storm of St. Patrick's day of 2015; however for this storm, no LTEs were identified. As also indicated in a past recent study for the August 15, 2015 geomagnetic storm, an association between the LTE and the excursion of Bz observed during the September 8, 2017 storm is observed. Nevertheless, it is more likely that a direct impact of the super-fountain effect along with another ionospheric physical mechanism may be playing an important role in the production of this LTE.
On the dynamic nature of hydrological similarity
Authors: Loritz Ralf , Gupta Hoshin , Jackisch Conrad , Westhoff Martijn , Kleidon Axel , Ehret Uwe , Zehe Erwin
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The increasing diversity and resolution of spatially
distributed data on terrestrial systems greatly enhance the potential of
hydrological modeling. Optimal and parsimonious use of these data sources
requires, however, that we better understand (a) which system characteristics
exert primary controls on hydrological dynamics and (b) to what level of
detail do those characteristics need to be represented in a model. In this study we develop and test an approach to explore these questions
that draws upon information theoretic and thermodynamic reasoning, using
spatially distributed topographic information as a straightforward example.
Specifically, we subdivide a mesoscale catchment into 105 hillslopes and
represent each by a two-dimensional numerical hillslope model. These
hillslope models differ exclusively with respect to topography-related
parameters derived from a digital elevation model (DEM); the remaining setup and
meteorological forcing for each are identical. We analyze the degree of
similarity of simulated discharge and storage among the hillslopes as a
function of time by examining the Shannon information entropy. We
furthermore derive a “compressed” catchment model by clustering the
hillslope models into functional groups of similar runoff generation using
normalized mutual information (NMI) as a distance measure. Our results reveal that, within our given model environment, only a portion
of the entire amount of topographic information stored within a digital
elevation model is relevant for the simulation of distributed runoff and
storage dynamics. This manifests through a possible compression of the model
ensemble from the entire set of 105 hillslopes to only 6 hillslopes, each
representing a different functional group, which leads to no substantial
loss in model performance. Importantly, we find that the concept of
hydrological similarity is not necessarily time invariant. On the contrary,
the Shannon entropy as measure for diversity in the simulation ensemble
shows a distinct annual pattern, with periods of highly redundant
simulations, reflecting coherent and organized dynamics, and periods where
hillslopes operate in distinctly different ways. We conclude that the proposed approach provides a powerful framework for
understanding and diagnosing how and when process organization and
functional similarity of hydrological systems emerge in time. Our approach
is neither restricted to the model nor to model targets or the data source
we selected in this study. Overall, we propose that the concepts of
hydrological systems acting similarly (and thus giving rise to redundancy)
or displaying unique functionality (and thus being irreplaceable) are not
mutually exclusive. They are in fact of complementary nature, and systems
operate by gradually changing to different levels of organization in time.
Precipitation downscaling using a probability-matching approach and geostationary infrared data: an evaluation over six climate regions
Authors: Guo Ruifang , Liu Yuanbo , Zhou Han , Zhu Yaqiao
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Precipitation is one of the most important components of the global water
cycle. Precipitation data at high spatial and temporal resolutions are
crucial for basin-scale hydrological and meteorological studies. In this
study, we propose a cumulative distribution of frequency (CDF)-based
downscaling method (DCDF) to obtain hourly
0.05∘ × 0.05∘ precipitation data. The main
hypothesis is that a variable with the same resolution of target data should
produce a CDF that is similar to the reference data. The method was
demonstrated using the 3-hourly 0.25∘ × 0.25∘
Climate Prediction Center morphing method (CMORPH) dataset and the hourly
0.05∘ × 0.05∘ FY2-E geostationary (GEO) infrared
(IR) temperature brightness (Tb) data. Initially, power function
relationships were established between the precipitation rate and Tb
for each 1∘ × 1∘ region. Then the CMORPH data were
downscaled to 0.05∘ × 0.05∘. The downscaled results
were validated over diverse rainfall regimes in China. Within each rainfall
regime, the fitting functions' coefficients were able to implicitly reflect
the characteristics of precipitation. Quantitatively, the downscaled
estimates not only improved spatio-temporal resolutions, but also performed
better (bias: −7.35–10.35 %; correlation coefficient, CC: 0.48–0.60)
than the CMORPH product (bias: 20.82–94.19 %; CC: 0.31–0.59) over
convective precipitating regions. The downscaled results performed as well as
the CMORPH product over regions dominated with frontal rain systems and
performed relatively poorly over mountainous or hilly areas where orographic
rain systems dominate. Qualitatively, at the daily scale, DCDF and CMORPH had
nearly equivalent performances at the regional scale, and 79 % DCDF may
perform better than or nearly equivalently to CMORPH at the point (rain gauge)
scale. The downscaled estimates were able to capture more details about
rainfall motion and changes under the condition that DCDF performs better
than or nearly equivalently to CMORPH.
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 14.5° N in 1989 and 2013 and 24.5° N in 1992 and 2015: volume, heat, and freshwater transports
Authors: Fu Yao , Karstensen Johannes , Brandt Peter
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The Atlantic
Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is analyzed by applying a box
inverse model to hydrographic data from transatlantic sections along
14.5∘ N, occupied in 1989 and 2013, and along 24.5∘ N,
occupied in 1992 and 2015. Direct comparison of water mass properties among
the different realizations at the respective latitudes shows that the
Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) became warmer and saltier at
14.5∘ N, and the densest Antarctic Bottom Water became lighter,
while the North Atlantic Deep Water freshened at both latitudes. The inverse
solution shows that the intermediate layer transport at 14.5∘ N was
also markedly weaker in 2013 than in 1989, indicating that the AAIW property
changes at this latitude may be related to changes in the circulation. The
inverse solution was validated using the RAPID and MOVE array data, and the
GECCO2 ocean state estimate. Comparison among these datasets indicates that
the AMOC has not significantly weakened over the past 2 decades at both
latitudes. Sensitivity tests of the inverse solution suggest that the
overturning structure and heat transport across the 14.5∘ N section
are sensitive to the Ekman transport, while freshwater transport is sensitive
to the transport-weighted salinity at the western boundary.
Critiques de l’origine et historicité du monde chez Voltaire et Rousseau
Authors: Piqué Nicolas
Published: July 2018

« Critiques de l’origine et historicité du monde chez Voltaire et Rousseau » : Shakespeare nous avertit : « Life […] : it is a tale/Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury/Signifying nothing », « La vie […] : une fable/Racontée par un idiot, pleine de bruit et de fureur, /Et qui ne signifie rien » (Macbeth, V, 5). Doit-on, peut-on se contenter de ce constat, dont les enjeux moraux risquent d’être fort déconcertants sinon même destructeurs? Il faudra, sinon, essayer de penser le dépassement de cette apparence chaotique en faisant apparaître un « ordre du monde », mobiliser ou même inventer une fiction à même de décrire cette origine pour assurer la stabilité du monde. Tel sera l’objet de cet article : suivre les tensions entre origine, ordre et sens de l’histoire, étudier les prétentions ordonnatrices du pouvoir de l’origine, analyser ses illusions et sa fragilité, circonscrire la capacité heuristique de la fiction dans sa prétention à décrire l’historicité du monde. Il faudra donc d’abord, brièvement, rappeler comment l’hypothèse chrétienne d’une origine aura permis de stabiliser et ordonner l’histoire des hommes. Suivre ensuite les critiques de cette hypothèse, sur le mode radical de la dénonciation de toute fiction pour Voltaire, sur un mode plus complexe chez Rousseau, fait d’emprunts et de transformations. On sera alors en mesure de suivre les métamorphoses des liens entre origine et fiction, du récit chrétien de l’origine à la fiction rousseauiste des commencements en passant par la critique voltairienne. De « l’ordre du monde » à « l’énigme du monde » donc, à la découverte de son historicité, de sa complexité au-delà de toute prétention originaire.
L’écriture et le problème de l’ancienne histoire chinoise
Authors: Wang Yan
Published: July 2018

« L’écriture et le problème de l’ancienne histoire chinoise » : Dans l’Europe des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, les caractères de l’écriture chinoise sont considérés, en parallèle avec les pictogrammes mexicains et les hiéroglyphes égyptiens, comme des signes figuratifs que tracent les premiers peuples du monde. Par rapport à ces deux derniers, les caractères chinois occupent une place singulière : ils sont probablement les seuls qui aient toujours été utilisés et le soient encore. Sur les monuments de grande importance, l’écriture figurative des Chinois est censée véhiculer, aux yeux de certains philologues, historiens et théologiens, les secrets de l’origine de cette nation qu’on cherche en vain dans les livres mosaïques.

Se précisent ainsi les deux questions d’ordre plus historique que linguistique de cet article. L’une concerne l’écriture chinoise elle-même : les caractères chinois, soumis à diverses méthodes de décryptage, pourront-ils et devront-ils dévoiler l’antiquité et l’origine de ce peuple qu’ignorent les historiographies européennes, religieuses comme laïques ? L’autre concerne les annales chinoises : l’ancienne histoire chinoise qu’elles rapportent correspond-elle à celle que les chercheurs européens tiennent à retrouver dans l’écriture chinoise — leur perception de l’histoire de la Chine et du monde ? Les réponses à ces deux questions montreront dans quelle mesure l’Europe des Lumières construit et reconstruit sa perception de l’histoire universelle à la suite du surgissement d’un inconnu irréductible.
La "Contestania" ibérica frente a Cartago: fenómenos regionales y respuestas locales
Authors: García Cardiel Jorge
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo analiza la diversidad de respuestas que las distintas comunidades locales del sureste peninsular ofrecieron ante la presencia cartaginesa. Los contactos coloniales del siglo IV y primera mitad del III a.C. dieron lugar a fenómenos de hibridación cultural focalizados en el Campo de Elche y ciertos puertos mediterráneos. En cambio, la invasión cartaginesa del 237 a.C. provocó la aparición de protectorados, el auge militarista y un acusado y heterogéneo proceso de negociación cultural.
La génesis de la sociedad provincial y el proceso de urbanización en el Noreste de la Península Ibérica (siglos II-I a.C.)
Authors: Olesti Vila Oriol
Published: July 2018

Nuevos trabajos han permitido en los últimos años completar nuestra visión sobre el desarrollo del fenómeno urbano en el Noreste peninsular, identificando la existencia de diversas fases de urbanización, desde los primeros establecimientos protourbanos del s. II a.C. hasta la eclosión de las definitivas ciudades en la primera mitad del s. I a.C. Se analiza este proceso en su doble vertiente: urbs y ager.
"Foederatos Tarracenses": sobre una comunidad de la Tarraconense en los listados de la "Naturalis Historia" de Plinio el Viejo
Authors: Andreu Pintado Javier
Published: July 2018

En el listado de comunidades de la Tarraconense –en concreto del distrito dependiente de la colonia Caesar Augusta– que nos ofrece la Naturalis Historia de Plinio el Viejo sobresale la mención a unos foederati Tarracenses. El presente trabajo vuelve sobre la cuestión de la reducción geográfica de esa ciudad –poniéndola en relación con el yacimiento de Los Bañales (Uncastillo, Zaragoza)– y analiza el momento en que pudo suscribirse ese foedus entre Roma y los Tarracenses muy verosímilmente en el contexto del bellum Sertorianum hispano.
Domiciano y el culto imperial provincial: ¿imitación o imposición?
Authors: Escámez de Vera Diego M.
Published: July 2018

la implantación del culto imperial a escala provincial y local será clave dentro del proceso de adaptación del culto imperial por parte de la dinastía Flavia. A través del presente trabajo pretendemos analizar hasta qué punto las similitudes y diferencias entre el culto imperial central y provincial en época domicianea pueden ser consecuencia de una imposición central de un nuevo modelo de culto imperial.
La provincia de Arabia: ¿cambios en la sociedad petrense?
Authors: Blánquez Carmen
Published: July 2018

Dado que no hay mucha información sobre la Petra romana, especialmente proveniente de textos escritos, la intención de este artículo es averiguar si los monumentos y edificios construidos o modificados en esta etapa, sumados a los resultados de recientes excavaciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo en Petra –algunas de las cuales continúan en la actualidad- ofrecen la imagen de algunos cambios cuyo significado y alcance puedan comenzar a ser analizados.
"Nobilis", filósofo, obispo. Sinesio de Cirene y la incorporación de la aristocracia provincial en la Iglesia tardoantigua
Authors: De Francisco Heredero Ana
Published: July 2018

La educación filosófica de Sinesio marcó sus actuaciones dentro del ámbito ciudadano, incluso de manera posterior a su consagración como obispo. Su conversión al Cristianismo sólo puede entenderse como un acto oficial y no personal, pues ideológicamente seguía siendo fiel a las creencias neoplatónicas. El acceso al episcopado supuso para Sinesio el medio de continuar ejerciendo las prerrogativas del poder ciudadano ostentado por las antiguas familias de notables provinciales en un mundo cambiante, en el que el Cristianismo era ya la religión del Estado.
El “silencio” de Hidacio de Chaves. Las transformaciones religiosas en la Hispania del siglo V
Authors: Sanz Serrano Rosa
Published: July 2018

El presente trabajo pretende demostrar que la “Crónica” de Hidacio, la fuente principal para el estudio de las Hispanias en el siglo V, es insuficiente para documentar las transformaciones religiosas que tuvieron lugar en su época. Especialmente la extensión del cristianismo y la desaparición de los cultos paganos en el norte peninsular, debido a su claro interés por dejar al paganismo fuera de su obra, principalmente con el silencio informativo sobre “los dominios de los dioses”.
Protocolo de avaliação de mudança para o processo de esterilização a vapor
Authors: Santos Natalia Barbosa Ferreira de Moura , Acuna Andrea Alfaya , Sousa Cristina Silva
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência da criação de um protocolo de avaliação de mudança do processo de esterilização a vapor. Método: Relato deexperiência, com base no fundamento teórico e na validação de novos equipamentos do Centro de Material e Esterilização. A validação ocorreu entremaio e julho de 2016, e testou a adequação ao processo e ao material, utilizando a NBR ISO 17665-1. O protocolo contempla os principais pontos parainfluenciar a decisão de manter ou reavaliar o equipamento. A validação do protocolo ocorreu por cinco enfermeiros atuantes no Centro de Material eEsterilização. Resultados: O protocolo foi composto por seis ações, que exigem requalificação do equipamento, e três ações que não impactaram emnenhum ponto crítico do processo. O ponto mais crítico observado ocorreu com materiais úmidos. O protocolo foi validado pelos enfermeiros do Centrode Material e Esterilização e apresentado na forma de fluxograma. Conclusão: O protocolo favorece que enfermeiros atuem de forma crítica na manutençãocorretiva e preventiva do equipamento de esterilização a vapor.
Disputa eleitoral e estratégias de campanha na internet: padrões de uso dos websites pelos candidatos em 2012
Authors: Massuchin Michele Goulart , Tavares Camilla Quesada
Published: July 2018

O artigo analisa o uso que os candidatos a prefeito nas eleições de 2012 fizeram da internet ao longo do período eleitoral. O objetivo do estudo é identificar os padrões e diferenças no uso dessa ferramenta a partir da observação de duas carac­terísticas específicas: estratégias e tematização. A proposta é observar esse espaço de campanha conforme o conteúdo disponibilizado e não por meio da presença ou ausência de potencialidades interativas e participativas. Os dados apresentados aqui são resultados parciais de uma pesquisa que está em andamento, sendo que foram incluídas neste artigo, de maneira comparativa, as campanhas realizadas pelos princi­pais candidatos de três capitais: São Paulo, Curitiba e Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia usada é quantitativa de análise de conteúdo e ao todo foram analisados 1268 posts, o que representa o total de atualizações do período eleitoral para os oito candida­tos das três capitais. No que diz respeito à tematização, predominam os textos que enfatizam a campanha eleitoral factual. Já sobre as estratégias, a campanha online é usada, majoritariamente, para enfatizar as propostas de políticas públicas e transpor a campanha realizada em outras esferas. As demais estratégias aparecem dispersas entre os candidatos.
COMÉRCIO INTRA-INDÚSTRIA E OS AJUSTAMENTOS NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO BRASILEIRO: UMA ANÁLISE SETORIAL USANDO DADOS EM PAINEL
Authors: Ramos Filho Hélio Sousa , Silva Helayne Izabel Carlos Ribeiro
Published: July 2018

A abertura comercial verificada após a segunda metade da década de 90 sugere indícios de aumento de desemprego e concentração de renda como consequência da globalização e os ajustes gerados no mercado de trabalho dependem do comércio ser inter ou intra-industrial. Apesar dos efeitos não serem evidentes e nem sempre os dados empíricos serem concordantes com os resultados descritos na literatura, o presente artigo objetiva analisar a relação entre a intensificação do comércio intra-indústria e as mudanças ocorridas no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Quantos aos procedimentos metodológicos, os dados coletados são setoriais do Centro de Estudos Prospectivos e de Informações Internacionais (CEPII) constituindo em um painel compreendendo o período de 1997 a 2005. Os resultados indicaram ser o índice de desempenho setorial de Brülhart, BB, o que melhor se ajustou aos fluxos comerciais brasileiros durante o período analisado. Além disso, identificou-se que o setor têxtil e de produtos metálicos apresentaram os níveis mais elevados de comércio intra-industrial. Os testes empíricos para Hipótese de Ajuste Suave não evidenciaram relação entre comércio intra-indústria e reduções nos custos de ajustamento por trabalho, ou seja, não há evidência de Hipótese de Ajuste Suave para o Brasil.
Determinants for Choice of Fish Market Channels: The Case of Busia (Uganda/Kenya) Border
Authors: Kawala Mastulah , Hyuha Theodora Shuwu , William Ekere , Walekwa Peter , Elepu Gabriel , Kalumba Sloans Chimatiro
Published: July 2018

The study investigated factors influencing the choice of fish traders’ marketing channel by fish trader and the determinants of their gross margins. A multistage sampling technique of 115 fish traders was used. Four key informants and two focus groups participated in the study. A Probit model was used to determine factors that influenced the choice of fish traders’ marketing channel. Findings from the study revealed that volumes of fish traded per month, distance to market, membership to a fish marketing organization, payment mode, household size, presence of other sources of income were statistically significant in determining traders’ choice of marketing channel. In addition, it was found that a formal trader on average sold 6.882 tons of fish whereas 2.095 tons of fish were sold by the informal trader per month. The study therefore recommends that Informal traders be clustered into a marketing organisation; through which they can be trained on business diversification, collective marketing, and group savings to ease access to credit. It is important to eliminate the challenges encouraging informal cross border fish trade by harmonizing regional fish standards, facilitating exchange and use of fishery trade information. Further, there is need to strengthen the data collection systems in order to have accurate estimates on the contribution of fish to trade and food security.
Height-Diameter Models for Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze in Natural Forests
Authors: Costa Emanuel Arnoni , Hess André Felipe , Klein Danieli Regina , Finger César Augusto Guimarães
Published: July 2018

The height-diameter relationship of Araucaria angustifolia trees in different sociological positions (dominant, codominant, dominated) was evaluated in a native forest in the south of Brazil, aiming to find accuracy in its estimation and its use as a component of forest description, growth and yield. The total number of trees of the three sociological positions was 657. Part of these trees of each sociological position was used to estimate the parameters of models, and the remaining for model evaluation. Thus, the objective of this work was to find the best height estimate using nonlinear models, linear with dummy variable, principal component with nonlinear regression, and principal component with mixed nonlinear regression. The criteria for accuracy of fit were adjusted coefficient of determination, root mean square error and mean error. The results showed that the fit using principal component with mixed nonlinear regression obtained consistent results and better accuracy. It showed that height growth capacity depends on the sociological position.
Physiological and Biochemical Alterations of Urocholoa brizantha Submitted to Water Deficit and Silicate Fertilization
Authors: Moro Adriana L. , Pacheco Ana Claudia , Moro Edemar
Published: July 2018

The correction of soil acidity and the evaluation of the effects of correctives used are not frequent practices in pasture areas. The benefits of silicon on the physiology and biochemistry of pastures is a subject that has not been explored in great detail. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Urochloa brizantha plants (cultivar Xaraés) submited to condictions of water deficity and silicate fertilization through physiological and biochemical parameters. The experiment was carried out in pots under greenhouse conditions..The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with eight replications. The treatments consisted of a combination of the presence and absence of silicon (by means of soil correction using agrosilicon and dolomitic limestone, to raise the base saturation to 50%) with 2 soil water conditions (40 and 80% of field capacity). The analyzes were performed to determine: net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities, shoot dry matter ,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber determinations and leave protein. The application of silicon in Urochloa brizantha cultivar Xaraés has the potential of attenuate the water deficity, increasing the photosynthesis, plant dry matter and antioxidant enzymes activity.
Root-to-Shoot Communication to Modulate Source-Sink Relationship in Tomato Depends on Phytochromes
Authors: Galati Valéria Cury , Oliveira Reginaldo de , Gaion Lucas Aparecido , Galati Vanessa Cury , Carvalho Rogério Falleiros
Published: July 2018

Phytochromes have been reported as strategic photoreceptors that can modulate the partition of photoassimilates between source and sink. However, so far, it is unknown whether phytochrome accumulation in the root is part of the control mechanisms of the source-sink relationship that modulates root and shoot growth. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate phytochrome involvement in the source-sink relationship and in the vegetative and reproductive development of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom or MT). The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments, provided by grafting combinations between aurea (au), which is phytochrome deficient, and the near isogenic line MT: (MT/MT, au/au, MT/au and au/MT). We observed differentiated responses for many parameters analyzed. For example, the root dry mass accumulation and stern diameter obtained by MT/MT, MT/au and au/MT grafting were 33% and 31% higher, respectively, than those obtained by au/au. In the au/MT combination, there were greater root dry mass and total dry mass accumulations. Based on the changes in vegetative and reproductive development observed from grafting combinations between MT and the mutant au, we can conclude that phytochromes function in the control of photoassimilate partitioning between roots and stems during tomato growth.
Yield and Physical and Physiological Quality of Salvia hispanica L. Seeds Grown at Different Sowing Dates
Authors: Goergen Patrícia Carine Hüller , Nunes Ubirajara Russi , Stefanello Raquel , Lago Isabel , Nunes Anderson Rodrigues , Durigon Angelica
Published: July 2018

Variations in the sowing date of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) reflect directly on the physiological potential of the produced seeds. This study aimed to analyze the yield and the physical and physiological quality of seeds from the main stem and branches of Salvia hispanica plants grown at different sowing dates. A field experiment was conducted in the crop year of 2016/2017 in five sowing dates (16/09/22, 16/10/28, 17/01/03, 17/02/08 and 17/03/24) in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Harvest at each sowing date was done when 80% of the leaves of each plant exhibited a darker color, indicating that they were dry. Seed yield was determined in each plant compartment (main stem and branches) and final ear length (cm) and diameter (cm) were also measured at all sowing dates. The following physical and physiological tests were performed to determine seed quality: water content, mass of one thousand seeds, germination test, first count germination, length (root and hypocotyl) and dry matter of the seedlings. Chia can be sown from September to February providing seed yield with high physical and physiological quality. The physical and physiological quality of the chia seeds does not differ between main stem and branches. In late sowing, there is the risk of frost occurrence what may impair the physiological quality and the yield of chia seeds. The best sowing month for obtaining higher yield of chia seeds in a south subtropical region is January.
Biological Characteristics and Parasitism Capacity of Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) on Eggs of Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Silva Gabriela Vieira , Bueno Adeney De Freitas , Neves Pedro Manuel Oliveira Janeiro , Favetti Bruna Magda
Published: July 2018

We evaluated the effects of adult mating and temperature on the biological potential and parasitism of Telenomus podisi (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) on Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Females were isolated and the characteristics of the F1 generation were compared with those of females previously copulated. The parasitism capacity of T. podisi on E. heros eggs at 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C was evaluated. The longevity of parental females (days), egg-adult period (days) of the F1 generation, parasitism of parental females (%), and parasitoid emergence (%) were not influenced by the lack or not of the copulation. The offspring of non-copulated females were males, and arrhenotokous parthenogenesis occurred. The temperatures most favorable to the parasitoid were 25 and 30 °C. Even previously copulated females generated mostly males after a few days of oviposition. Therefore, the biological characteristics and reproduction of T. podisi were impacted by adult mating prior to parasitism and by different temperatures. Although parasitism of T. podisi was not affected by mating parasitoid permanence in the field, it may be affected when unmated females are released.
Screening of a Soil Bacteria Collection for the Production of Alkali Thermostable Xylanases
Authors: Sampaio C. R. , Silva C. G. S. , Anjos É. C. T. , Fernandes R. P. M. , Fernandes M. F.
Published: July 2018

This work aimed to evaluate a collection of common and rare soil bacteria regarding to extracellular xylanases production and to characterize the stability in contrasting conditions of temperature and pH of these enzymes. This collection consists of 120 isolates belonging to six phyla that were subjected to screening for xylanase activity in pure cultures and in the extracellular proteic extract (EPE). The ratio between the halos diameters of xylan hydrolysis and in the colonies on solid medium (ratio H:C) was used for the evaluation of cultures as selection criteria. EPEs of isolates with highest ratios H:C were evaluated for the specific xylanases activity at 50 °C for 1 h. EPE of the three isolates with the highest potential for activity under this condition were evaluated for optimum activity, stability at 60 °C and different pH values. Twenty-two isolates showed xylanase activity under these conditions. Xylanases from TC21 and TC119 showed high relative activity at temperatures up to 70 °C and were less sensitive to changes in pH. Soil bacteria show high potential as a source of extracellular xylanases adapted to extreme pH and temperature conditions, which are required in agroindustrial processes.
Short-Term Effect of Sugarcane Straw on Soil Organic Carbon Pools
Authors: Leite Luiz Fernando C. , Sagrilo Edvaldo , Araújo Ademir Sergio F. de , Souza Henrique Antunes de
Published: July 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effect of sugarcane straw on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in tropical soils. The treatments simulated the maintenance of different rates of sugarcane straw (0, 2.2, 5.1, 7.8 and 12 t ha-1) applied on the soil surface, with four replication, and evaluated chemical and biological attributes in four depths (0-0.05; 0.05-0.10; 0.10-0.20; 0.20-0.40 m). Results from soil samples collected in the rainy and dry seasons showed evidence of positive short-term effects of green harvest either on labile and humified soil organic matter (SOM) pools. For the total SOC stocks, we observed linear responses with straw rates in both sampling seasons. A decreased humification index in the topsoil suggests more labile C pools available in the soil, resulting in a significant increase in microbial activity. Microbial indicators point towards a steady equilibrium in SOC turnover, which can lead to future lower increases in SOC stocks if high straw amounts are maintained on the soil surface. Therefore, long-term studies under low-latitude areas are necessary to model the potential of C sequestration in sugarcane green harvest systems.
Postharvest Life Extension of Fresh-Cut Mango (Mangifera indica cv. Fa-Lun) Using Chitosan and Carboxymethyl Chitosan Coating
Authors: Noiwan Duangjai , Sutenan Kiattisak , Yodweingchai Chatchai , Rachtanapun Pornchai
Published: July 2018

Postharvest life extension of fresh-cut mango (Mangifera indica cv. Fa-Lun) using chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH) coating was studied. Fresh-cut mango was treated with chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan solution of 0.5-1.5% w/v, after that fresh-cut mango was placed on foam tray, over-wrapped with PVC film and then stored at 6 °C. Weight loss, texture analysis, soluble solid content, color and sensory quality were evaluated. The shelf life of non-coated fresh-cut mango was only 2 days while that of fresh-cut mango coated with chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan was 4 and 6 days, respectively. Effect of chitosan concentration on quality of fresh-cut mango was significantly different but of carboxmethyl chitosan concentration was not. In this study, Coating with carboxymethyl chitosan could extend shelf life of fresh-cut mango by delayed flesh browning which correlated to the sensory score.
Nitrogen Time of Application Impact on Productivity, Water Use Efficiency and Agronomic Efficiency of Maize in a Semi-arid Environment
Authors: Lamptey S. , Li Lingling , Xie Junhong
Published: July 2018

Water is one of the most important limiting factor of rainfed continuous maize (Zea mays L.) cropping systems in northwest of China. A three continuous year field experiments were conducted to study the influence of different nitrogen time of application on grain yield and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) in the Western Loess plateau. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design with two treatments and three replicates. Treatments were; (one-third application of N at sowing + two-third application at pre-flowering) and (one-third application of N at sowing + one-third pre-flowering + one-third at milking) as T1 and T2 respectively. The results showed that, T1 significantly increased grain yield by 9% in 2014 and 2016; and WUE by 11% in 2016 compared to T2. T1 increased AE by 43% compared to T2. Our results indicate that ⅓ application of Nitrogen at sowing and ⅔ application of Nitrogen at pre–flowering (T1) for maize is more appropriate for sustainable maize production in terms of satisfactory grain-N recoveries and low environmental losses of N fertilizer.
Fermentation of Corn Starch Powder for the Production of “Ogi”
Authors: Kiin-Kabari D. B. , Akusu O. M. , Emelike N. J. T.
Published: July 2018

Ogi was produced by fermenting corn starch powder for 24h and 48h using a seed culture (omidium) as a starter culture. Physicochemical properties such as pH, titratable acidity, viscosity, swelling power solubility, and proximate composition were determined. The sensory properties of the ogi produced was also determined and compared with ogi produced from the traditional method. The results of the proximate analysis showed that the carbohydrate content of sample B(fermented corn starch for 24h) is 78.47% and sample C(fermented corn starch for 48h) is 77.43% were significantly higher (p<0.05) when compared to the traditional method-sample A(73.43%).Protein content (10.63%) and fat content (5.10%) of sample A were significantly higher (p£0.05) than sample B (9.5%) (1.0%) and sample C (9.86%) (1.70%) respectively. The pH of ogi decreased from 5.18 at the beginning of the fermentation to 3.60 at the end of 48h. Whereas the titratable acidity increased from 0.27% to 0.63% after 48h of fermentation. The viscosity of the ogi in the gelatinized state increased as the fermentation period increased from 24h to 48h. There was ignificant (p³0.05) difference in color, flavor, aroma, taste, sourness, mouth feel and overall acceptability between sample A, C and B. The pH, titratable acidity, textural and sensory properties of ogi produced from corn starch powder that was fermented for 48h were more acceptable than ogi produced through the traditional method and from corn starch powder that was fermented for 24h.
Diretrizes de universidades públicas: estudo sobre regras e comportamento estudantil
Authors: Cunha Victor Henrique Souza , Teixeira Raphael Nunes , Correa Janine Coelho , Carrara Kester
Published: July 2018

Estatutos e regimentos são documentos utilizados pelas universidades públicas para estabelecer normas sobre o funcionamento do sistema acadêmico em vários âmbitos. Esta pesquisa tratou de identificar, descrever e analisar, no Estatuto e Regimento da Unesp, com referencial teórico da Análise do Comportamento, regras relacionadas ao ensino na graduação, utilizando a contingência de três termos como unidade de análise. A partir da seleção de termos, foram identificadas e analisadas 15 contingências. Dos resultados conclui-se que esse procedimento pode indicar como as regras (comportamentais), aplicadas à dimensão educacional, no planejamento do ensino superior na universidade estudada, poderiam ser mais claras, efetivas e mais democráticas em suas prescrições.
Comprensiones sobre la práctica Pedagógica del profesor: la lúdica en la Hora del Cuento
Authors: Robayo Adriana Del Rosario Pineda , Felicetti Vera Lucia
Published: July 2018

Na atualidade, a reflexão pedagógica sobre educação, parece apontar, de diferentes lugares, para o estudo do que ocorre no microcosmo da sala de aula e mais especificamente com as práticas docentes. O objetivo deste artigo é compreender a importância da inclusão de processos de apoio pedagógico por meio de estratégias lúdicas desenvolvidas na hora do conto sobre a prática pedagógica de professores. A metodologia é qualitativa e a partir da perspectiva da Análise Textual Discursiva, se questiona sobre a reflexibilidade de quatro professores de uma escola pública de Porto Alegre no Brasil. Estes participaram de um processo de apoio em sala de aula estruturado como parte do Projeto Biblioteca Viva: espaço de apoio ao ensino e aprendizagem. Os resultados mostram que o apoio educacional, por meio de interações lúdicas se  consolidada como espaço altamente valorizado pelos professores, na medida em que facilita, de uma forma prática e experimental, o resignificar, o reaprender, o lembrar-se e observar suas práticas de ensino, tanto em uma dimensão pessoal e de autoconhecimento como também de uma forma interativa, relacional e potencializadora para a aprendizagem de seus alunos.
O Processo de Bolonha 1.0 e 2.0 e sua Globalização: implicações para a universidade
Authors: Bianchetti Lucídio , Thiengo Lara Carlette
Published: July 2018

Objetivamos analisar o movimento de transformação da universidade europeia, a partir da implementação do Processo de Bolonha (PB 1.0), considerando seus antecedentes, dentre os quais a Magna Charta Universitatum e a Declaração da Sorbonne e continuidades por meio do PB 2.0 e especialmente a instituição do Programa Horizonte 2020. Investigamos também como a difusão deste Processo/modelo veio globalizando-se em um movimento denominado de ‘Globalização do PB’. Essas iniciativas são reações dos líderes europeus, que visam resgatar a hegemonia que a Europa veio perdendo no tocante à liderança e à atração que suas universidades exerciam, bem como na perda do protagonismo em termos econômicos, políticos, culturais e principalmente no quesito inovação em Ciência Tecnologia. Utilizamo-nos da análise documental, como metodologia, buscando ter presente a totalidade do processo histórico, na perspectiva de que a compreensão de fatos, acontecimentos, episódios, fenômenos somente pode ser alcançada em seu processo constitutivo. Pela análise percebe-se que o PB, em suas diferentes fases, representa movimentos distintos e complementares de um mesmo processo. Em termos de universidade ficam evidentes as iniciativas e concretizações direcionadas à integração, homogeinização e diferenciação, em âmbito regional, mas que gradativamente vem globalizando-se. A radicalização do PB significa a subsunção da universidade aos desígnios do mercado, colocando em xeque a concepção de universitas, com claros prejuízos, particularmente à formação humana.
TRODAT SPECT in patients with idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder
Authors: Rizzo Geraldo Nunes Vieira
Published: July 2018

Objective

to determine the value of dopamine transporter (DAT) neuroimaging radiotracer in a group of idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) patients regarding the development of a synucleinopathy. Methods: 6 retrospectively selected patients with clinical and polysomnographic diagnosis of iRBD, on treatment or not, were submitted to a single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) with TRODAT. Results: Five from six patients have an abnormal test showing reduction in DAT density measured by the linkage potential on SPECT. Conclusions: TRODAT crosses the blood brain barrier, has a high affinity for DAT and is capture by SPECT. The decreased uptake of DAT tracers means a reduction in dopaminergic activity which suggest the possibility of Parkinson Disease. We have tried to reinforce iRBD as a marker of neurodegenerative disease and suggest SPECT with TRODAT as an easy method in our country to follow longitudinally these patients.
Seasonality, morningness-eveningness, and sleep in common non - communicable medical conditions and chronic diseases in a population
Authors: Basnet Syaron , Merikanto Ilona , Lahti Tuuli , Männistö Satu , Laatikainen Tiina , Vartiainen Erkki , Partonen Timo
Published: July 2018

Introduction

The seasonal pattern for mood and behaviour, the behavioural trait of morningness-eveningness, and sleep are interconnected features, that may serve as etiological factors in the development or exacerbation of medical conditions. Methods: The study was based on a random sample of inhabitants aged 25 to 74 years living in Finland. As part of the national FINRISK 2012 study participants were invited (n=9905) and asked whether the doctor had diagnosed or treated them during the past 12 months for chronic diseases.Results: A total of 6424 participants filled in the first set of questionnaires and 5826 attended the physical health status examination, after which the second set of questionnaires were filled. Regression models were built in which each condition was explained by the seasonal, diurnal and sleep features, after controlling for a range of background factors. Of the chronic diseases, depressive disorder was associated with longer total sleep duration (p<.0001) and poor sleep quality (p<.0001). Of the measurements for health status assessment, none associated with sleep features, but systolic blood pressure yielded significant (p<.0001) associations with both seasonal and diurnal features at large. Conclusion: Sleep quality was the most sensitive probe in yielding associations with chronic diseases in this population-based study. The seasonal variations in mood and social activity, and the ease in getting up and tiredness in the morning were the most sensitive probes in yielding associations with blood pressure and waist circumference. Assessment of sleep quality, seasonal and diurnal features provides thus added value for health surveys of the general population.
Insomnia and sexual dysfunction associated with severe worsening of the quality of life in sexually active hysterectomized women
Authors: Monterrosa-Castro Alvaro , Monterrosa-Blanco Angélica , Beltrán-Barrios Teresa
Published: July 2018

Introduction

Hysterectomy is a common gynecologic surgery carried out to remove the pathologic uterus. Objective: To establish if sleep disorders and sexual function are associated with deterioration of the quality of life (QoL) in hysterectomized and sexually active women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with inhabitants from two cities of the Colombian Caribbean. The pollsters invited women aged between 40-59 years to participate; in their communities they applied surveys with demographic characteristics: Female Sexual Function Index, Atenas Insomnia Scale and Menopause Rating Scale. Sexually active women were selected; then the association was established with logistic regression. Results: 522 women were studied with an average age of 50 years: 30% oophorectomized, 59.8% Hispanic, 40.2% afro-descendants and 22.2% hormonal therapy users. 80% of them had somato/vegetative, psychological or urogenital deterioration; 29.1% with severe deterioration of QoL and 47.5% with insomnia. Out of 390 (74.7%) with sexual activity, 59.7% suffered from sexual dysfunction. Insomnia: OR:3.05 [95%CI:1.86-4.99], sexual dysfunction OR:3.52 [95%CI:2.01-6.17], dissatisfaction about sexuality OR:4.77 [95%CI:2.08-10.93], low or non-existent sexual desire OR:2.94 [95%CI:1.65-5.25], daytime drowsiness OR:3.15 [95%CI:1.59-6.24] and decrease in daytime well-being OR:3.18 [95%CI:1.79-5.64]. These were factors associated with severe worsening of QoL, while the presence of genital lubrication was protective, OR: 0.44 [95%CI:0.21-0.93],p=0.0332. Conclusion: It was observed that insomnia and sexual dysfunction behaved as factors associated with three times more severe deterioration of the QoL in climacteric and sexually active women previously hysterectomized.