bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BRICS COOPERATION AS A NEW FORMAT OF THE INTEGRATION PROCESS
Authors: Vergun A. N.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the analysis of the phenomenon of the BRICS countries, the reasons for their rise and consolidation at the beginning of the XXI century. The author notes that cooperation of BRICS is a new format for the integration of the leaders of the emerging countries, analyzes the political and economic cooperation of these countries within the group, as well as with the rest of the world and the specific nature of relations between BRICS in different periods of modern history. The author also calls attention to the response of the Western countries to the creation of this integration group. In conclusion, the author means that the world is entering a new era. It becomes more democratic and more open for interaction processes. The new global players have already appeared at the world scene, they get ready to change the old rules of the game and create new opportunities for themselves and for others.
A DIACHRONIC ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT “MONEY”
Authors: Denisenkova Y. S.
Published: June 2021

The article provides a diachronic analysis of the concept “money” in the Russian and English linguacultures. The author studies the genesis and development of money in Russia and Great Britain, and conducts a research on the formation of “money” terminology in the corresponding languages. As part of the study it has been found out that the historical development of the concept “money” in the Russian and English linguacultures has a number of common features: the cores of the concepts, the lexical items «деньги» and “money”are borrowings that entered the vocabularies of the corresponding languages at the same time; the usage of foreign monetary units, in the first place, Byzantine coins, before the introduction of national currencies, influenced “money” terminology, breeding numerous words of foreign origin, as well as the design of money. The article also outlines the etymology of basic monetary units, such as the grzywna, the kuna, the denga, the ruble, the polushka, the kopeck, the altyn ,the chervonets – in Russian, the sterling, the pound, the penny, the shilling, the farthing, the unit, the noble, the sovereign – in English. The author finds a correlation between peculiarities of money development and the evolution of money nomenclature in Russian and English. The concluding section presents similar features and common laws of the concept “money” in the two linguacultures.
Professor Yury Vasilyevich Borisov
Authors: Sillaste G. G. , Dzhurinsky A. N.
Published: June 2021

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THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYRIA (“GENEVA-2”): DIFFICULTIES OF INTER-SYRIAN TALKS AND ROLE OF FOREIGN PLAYERS
Authors: Khodynskaya-Golenischeva M. S.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the difficulties that may arise in organizing "Geneva-2" as well as those that may appear in the course of the Conference itself. It focuses on the inter-Syrian talks that will be aimed at achieving a compromise on the key issues of Syria’s future.The author provides us with a comparative analysis of the Syrian parties' “degree of readiness” to engage in dialogue as well as with a review of the negotiation documents prepared by various factions of the Syrian opposition in which they outline their vision of transition in Syria.Emphasis is made on how outside players with influence on the Syrian sides (USA, France, Turkey, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and others) should act in the case of impasse of talks or difficulties in the implementation of decisions taken. The paper examines the role that Russia must play in order for the Conference to succeed, as well as that of Lakhdar Brahimi, Special Representative of the UN on Syria.The material presented is particularly relevant in the framework of the revival of the political process around Syria, especially in terms of the intensifying efforts to organize the International Conference with the purpose of finding a comprehensive political settlement to the crisis in Syria through the full implementation of the Geneva Communiqué (30 June, 2012).
PREVENTING CYBER ATTACKS ON CRIRICAL INFRASTRUCTURE: A NEW PRIORITY FOR THE RUSSIAN PUBLIC DIPLOMACY?
Authors: Demidov O. V.
Published: June 2021

The article analyses the problem of cyber attacks on critical infrastructure, including facilities of the nuclear industry. At present there is almost no international legal regulation of the possible usage of information technologies in order to information systems used by object of the critically important infrastructure. Still, there has been an unprecedented growth in the information threats in recent years. As it was revealed in 2010, several Middle East States, first of all Iran in 2008, were the target for a series of systematic and sophisticated computer attacks, whose initiators remain unknown, which were aimed at the collection of information about the objects of critical information infrastructure of these states and its program intrusion. The author supports the thesis of the need for early development of international legal instruments to prevent and prohibit such cyber attacks. At the same time the leadership in the formulation and solution of this problem on the international scene can assume the Russian Federation, whose initiatives have since 1998 shaped the global agenda in terms of regulating the behavior of states in cyberspace. Despite the significant differences of different countries in this area, their positions on ensuring protection against cyber attacks peaceful nuclear infrastructure are the closest to a consensus, creating a window of opportunity for practical progress on this issue in 2013-2014.
POLAND’S “EASTERN POLICY”: FROM “UKRAINE, LITHUANIA, BELARUS” TO THE «EASTERN PARTNERSHIP»
Authors: Chernova Anna V.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the evolution of Poland’s foreign policy towards its closest eastern neighbours: independent Ukraine, Lithuania and Belarus. It’s commonly referred to in the Polish historical science as the “Eastern Policy” and the countries themselves as the “Eastern outskirts” as opposed to the classical western understanding of “the East”, for which the Latin word “Orient” is used. Throughout Poland’s history this region was of a prominent role, at times being a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and at other times some kind of a “no-man’s land”, while taking its current shape only after the USSR and the Eastern block collapse.Though Russia is often considered to be a part of Poland’s “Eastern Policy”, the difference is clear in the nature of relationship between Warsaw and Moscow and that of the “ULB” (Ukraine, Lithuania and Belarus). In addition, Poland’s area of responsibility as an EU member included Ukraine and Belarus rather than Russia, which predominantly remained a priority of the “old” EU member states. Therefore the Russian-Polish relations figure here as a background, while the focus is on the “ULB” states. Increasing integration of the Polish “Eastern Policy” into the EU’s framework necessitated touching upon Moldova as well as Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, which were invited along with Ukraine and Belarus to participate in a major European initiative– the “Eastern Partnership”. For the same reason two phases were outlined: before and after Poland’s accession to the EU which formally took place on 1st of May, 2004.
MONEY LAUNDERING AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
Authors: Shashkova A. V.
Published: June 2021

The present article is dedicated to the problem being side-effect and directly related to the anti-money laundering fight: the infringement of the constitutional rights. In 2013 the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation gave the judgment that the Federal law has a discretionary power to provide in the legislation certain methods preventing terrorism financing and money laundering, obliging financial and other institutions, conducting money transfers to identify their clients. The analysis of such position is given in the present article. The author does not share such position. Analyzing money-laundering especially in the context of renunciation of presumption of innocence, the author shows the deliberate crime. Such deliberate aim shall be stated in the legislation, that means that while concealing, non-reporting, taking or granting funds the person shall mentally understand the illegal origin of such funds: actions shall be dedicated to concealing, covering or assistance in money-laundering. The article analyses Russian and foreign legislation in dealing with the matter, their principles and acts: special legislation on moneylaundering fight, privacy principles, special legislation on “know you customer” programme. The author researches Russian and foreign experience in dealing with anti money-laundering taking into account observance of constitutional rights of people.
THE ROLE AND PLACE OF GERMAN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH ASSOCIATION IN GERMANY’S SCIENCE POLICY
Authors: Vodyanitskaya E. A.
Published: June 2021

The article describes the role and place of the German Science and Research Association (DFG) as one of the leading science support organizations in the science policy of Germany. It gives a thorough analysis of its inner structure that includes such bodies as General Assembly, Executive Committee, Senate, Joint Committee and expert boards as well as the way of their formation and scope of their powers. The legal nature of DFG as a science support organization reveals through its goals and functions stated in the Charter. They are as follows: financial support of scientific and research projects, training of young scientists, international scientific cooperation and transfer of theoretical knowledge into practice. The German Science and Research Association also stands for equal possibilities for men and women in the academic community and consults the state bodies on the science policy. The author pays particular attention to the cooperation of the organization with the state and subjects (lands), including financial issues and participation of DFG in the federal state program «Exzellenzinitiative». Moreover, the author touches a debating point of correspondence of the status of the organization to its public activity as DFG is a private law association that includes universities and other science and research institutions as its members. Finally, the article gives a comparison of the German Science and Research Association to the similar organizations in other European countries, particularly to the Danish agency on science, technology and innovation and the French National research agency. The author comes to a number of conclusions respectively the procedure of peer review and need for effective remedies to appeal the rejected project.
THE YOUTH IN RUSSIA: INEQUALITIES AND LIVING CHOICES
Authors: Kuzmina E. I.
Published: June 2021

The paper analyzes the problems of social inequality and life chances of modern Russian youth. Theoretical grounds of the research are the classical and the contemporary social theories concerning social inequality (Parsons, Weber, Sorokin, Warner). The traditional and new forms of inequality are discussed in the paper. The results of the author’s online survey are presented. The aim of the survey is to find out the actual social inequalities which draw a distinction between Moscow youngsters.Particular attention has been given to the determinants of social inequality. The results of the survey show that among the priority ones there are the five major determinants:– the first one is the material status;– the second place goes to temporal factor. Spare time for communication with friends, self-education, hobbies and leisure has become not easily available for many young people;– the third determinant is the place of living and living conditions: the comfort and prestige of city district, its safety and infrastructure;– the fourth place is taken by mental outfit and social capital, in other words, by the body of knowledge and skills which is in demand on the labour market;– the fifth factor is the power, the ability to influence other people (relatives, friends, colleagues, government)We have found out that along with the traditional inequalities the new form of inequality – the temporalinequality – is becoming more and more significant for the Russian youth.
WORD FORMATION AS A MODERNIZATION TOOL OF MODERN STANDARD ARABIC (FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF ARABIC AND WESTERN LINGUISTS)
Authors: Ayvazyan Y. S.
Published: June 2021

The current article is devoted to the analysis of word formation processes in Modern Standard Arabic from the point of view of Arabic and Eastern linguists. Due to the fact that modern Arab studies in Russia lack systematic coverage of word-formation processes while existing works – monographs, thesis’s and articles are written about unconnected with each other aspects of this theme, which scrutinize the problem in two ways: by approaching the issue in terms of terminology and by overviewing only methods of word formation, it is interesting to observe the formation of words with general meanings. This paper contains approaches of different foreign linguists to the articulated problem, and also includes the author’s vision on the structure of the Arabic word-formation. In addition to that the article covers the historical periodization of the Arabic lexicon and some linguistic features related to Modern Standard Arabic. The article also describes the main attitude of the Arab linguists to the problem of arabic word formation and names the primary Arabic Linguistic Academies, dedicated to the process of term accumulation and treatment. All methods of word formation in MSA are illustrated by numerous examples of modern Arabic terms from different fields, some of which are pure neologisms.
IMPLEMENTASI DATA PANEL SPASIAL TERHADAP TINGKAT PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO DI PROVINSI BALI
Authors: ASTUTI NI MADE ARY DHARMA WIDYA , SUSILAWATI MADE , SUCIPTAWATI NI LUH PUTU
Published: June 2021

Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) is an economic indicator to see the economic movements of a region during a certain period, whether based on current and constant price. Economic activities in a region use the GRDP calculation based on current prices by industrial base year 2010. In 2019, Bali's economic growth increased by , exceeding national economic growth of . Using spatial panel data in analysis consists of common effect model, fixed individual effect model, fixed time effect model, random effect model, and spatial lag fixed effect model. The best model to modeling GRDP Bali Province is spatial lag fixed effect which has a difference in constant values ??at any time, with  of 99.41 percent, the remaining is explained by other variables not examined
RUTE TERPENDEK UNTUK PENGANGKUTAN SAMPAH DENGAN PENDEKATAN LINTASAN HAMILTON
Authors: ROZI SYAMSYIDA , MULTAHADAH CUT
Published: June 2021

This research is related to the route of picking up the waste which done by janitors in housing complex of Aur Duri Indah Rt.14 Jambi considering the condition of that housing which have some crossroads, such that janitors take the same road twice which seems inefficient in terms of time and fuel consumption. This research is aimed to identify scientifically about the shortest and more efficient route which should be taken by janitors. This problem is considered as optimization problem through graph modelling. To check the efficient route, the existence of Hamiltonian Path of the graph is identified by using Depth-First Search method, and so is the shortest path. It is found that there are 39 Hamiltonian paths and the shortest path has total distance of 793.8 meter. By the existence of the shortest Hamiltonian Path, it is confirmed that janitors in housing complex of Aur Duri Indah Rt.14 can travel each road once with total distance is about 793.8 meter.
PENERAPAN METODE PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE REGRESSION (PLSR) PADA KASUS SKIZOFRENIA
Authors: SUNDARI NI WAYAN ARI , SRINADI I GUSTI AYU MADE , SUSILAWATI MADE
Published: June 2021

Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) is a method that combines principal component analysis and multiple linear regression, which aims to predict or analyze the dependent variable and more than one independent variable. The purpose of this study is to determine the equation model for the recurrence of schizophrenia patients using the PLSR method. The best number of components to form a PLSR model in this study is one component with a minimum RMSEP value of 0.6094 and an adjR2 value of 80.09 percent.
MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF PASTY AND SOFT ICE CREAM
Authors: Silveira Débora Rodrigues , De Moraes Thamíris Pereira , Oliveira Jannifer Scheffer , Timm Cláudio Dias
Published: June 2021

Ice creams are susceptible to contamination by handling and bad hygiene conditions during the storage process and the fraction for sale, once those can be means of diseases. This survey’s objective was to evaluate the microbiological quality of ice creams sold in bulk, of the pasty and soft types, offered for consuming. Thirty samples of pasty ice cream, sold in bulk, and thirty samples of soft ice cream were analyzed by counting thermotolerant coliforms, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, and researching the presence of Salmonella. During the survey, were found ten (33%) samples of pasty ice cream and five (16%) samples of express ice cream out of the limits established by the Brazilian law. Salmonella was found in four samples. These results are an alert to the need of a bigger attention to the microbiological quality of ice creams, in order to ensure the consumer’s security.
Decolonial Discourse on the Origins of the 20th Century American Pentecostal Movement
Authors: Kgatle Mookgo Solomon
Published: June 2021

Many church historians have done research on the foundation of the 20th century American Pentecostal Movement. However, these church historians have not used a decolonial discourse. This article is a decolonial discourse on the origins of the 20th century American Pentecostal Movement. The article assesses four prospects regarding the originator of the movement in order to conclude who can be observed as the true originator of the movement. The first likelihood discards a human contribution and only admits God or the supernatural as founder of the movement. The second likelihood is that the founder of the movement is Charles Parham. The third likelihood is that both Charles Parham and William Seymour are the originators of the movement, in what is termed an interracial theory. Finally, there is also the likelihood that the founder was an African-American, namely William Seymour. After the discussion of all four possibilities, this article concludes that William Seymour is the true originator of the 20th century American Pentecostal Movement. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate through a decolonial discourse the African-American origins of the 20th century American Pentecostal Movement and the implications thereof.
From Cabazi to Bruma: Purity Malinga’s Rise to Presiding Bishop of the MCSA
Authors: Kumalo Simangaliso
Published: June 2021

This article is an appraisal of Presiding Bishop Purity Malinga’s journey from her rural upbringing in Cabazi, Ixopo in KwaZulu-Natal to the helm of Methodism in Bruma Lake in Johannesburg, headquarters of the Methodist Church of Southern Africa (MCSA). The path of Purity Malinga to Presiding Bishop of the biggest mainline denomination in Southern Africa is explored from a perspective that her nomination breaks the 212-year-old glass ceiling that limited women’s rise into leadership in the MCSA. The aim of the paper is to present facts about the life, qualities and achievements that enabled her ascendance to the leadership of the MCSA. The major conclusions of the study indicate that her rise to the echelons of the church was because of a combination of factors, namely her leadership capabilities, theological acumen, progressive nurture of Methodism and the crisis caused by a leaked conversation between Rev. Vukile Mehana and Raymond Sibanga on December 28, 2018.
Settler-Missionary Alliance in Colonial Kenya and the Land Question
Authors: Gathogo Julius M.
Published: June 2021

This article sets out to demonstrate the hugger-muggers that oiled the existence of an unholy alliance between European settler-farmers and missionaries—the Anglicans and Presbyterians and/or the Protestant wing in particular—in 20th century Kenya and East Africa, and especially on land policies. With land for settlement being the key factor to both missionaries and settler-farmers, the land question undoubtedly became one of the major factors that glued them together in colonial Kenya (1895–1963). Was the settler-missionary alliance meant to hurt the same people whom the missionaries had come to convert to the God of Christendom? Most importantly, how did the missionaries relate with the African chiefs regarding the land question, especially with reference to Kirinyaga County of central Kenya? This further drives us to wonder: Was the Devonshire White Paper of 1923 and/or the Indian Question related to the land question? The article sets out on the premise that while land remained the most prized commodity in colonial Kenya (1895–1963) and the entire 20th century, the 21st century has seen the church—and especially the afro-Pentecostal wing of the church—focusing on money and wealth without necessarily focusing on land. In its methodology, the article has heavily relied on archival resources, unpublished works, and field work materials, especially with regard to Kirinyaga County of central Kenya where oral sources on missionaries and land acquisition were sought. It also reviewed existing literature regarding settler-missionary alliances, especially on land-related matters.
“To Serve and not to be Served”: The Mission of the Catholic Church through Education in Zambian Church History: A Narrative of James Spaita in the Public Sphere, 1960–2014
Authors: Mwale Nelly
Published: June 2021

This article revisits Zambian church history in order to show the interconnectedness of the mission of the Catholic Church through education and individual narratives of the clergy in the public sphere. This is done through the example of James Spaita. Informed by an interpretative phenomenological study that drew on interviews and content analysis, and in conversation with the Catholic Social Teachings (CST), the article advances that the contributions of James Spaita to church history were largely through education, advocacy and social justice—as shaped by his positionality as an indigenous priest, educator and church leader, and therefore a product of the Catholic Church’s context. Spaita’s narrative also signifies the growing public role and the mission of the Catholic Church in post-independence Zambia, as underpinned by social teachings of the Catholic Church. While discourses of Catholic Church history in Zambia were preoccupied with historicising missionary work and Catholic education (as part of the mission of the church) at the structural level, the article argues that the mission of the Catholic Church through education was also largely shaped by trajectories of the clergy in postcolonial and modern times.
Children of God: Exploring URCSA’s Catechetical Sexual Ethic
Authors: Thyssen Ashwin
Published: June 2021

Human sexuality has been on the agenda of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URCSA’s) General Synod since at least 2005. Since then, at each respective General Synod, the discussion has been set forth to theologise about the lives of members who are LGBTIQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer and other sexual minorities). Yet, throughout this time no attention has been afforded to the denomination’s catechesis, specifically its sexual ethic. This essay, then, attempts to contribute to the present dialogue on human sexuality with a focus on catechesis, or faith formation. It does so by following a queer theological hermeneutic, informed by the cultural criticism tradition in the form of queer theory. In order to investigate the sexual ethic at work in URCSA, the primary text engaged is its catechetical literature, Children of God. The essay, as such, attempts to note how URCSA has constructed its sexual ethic as heteronormative; and therefore, against all other sexual orientations. In order to do this, the essay probes three questions. First, it questions the existence and identity of URCSA. Second, it questions how a queering of catechesis may be done and what value it may contribute to the denomination. Third, it asks the question: quo vadis, where to URCSA? By asking this question, an attempt is made to qualify what it is that URCSA may need in queering its catechesis. Still, it is important to note that this reflection is much informed by the author’s experience of the denomination as a gay man.
A Quarter Century of Structural Unity in the Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa: A Socio Historical Analysis
Authors: Kgatle Mookgo Solomon
Published: June 2021

The Apostolic Faith Mission (AFM) of South Africa is one of the largest Pentecostal churches in Africa, with other denominational Pentecostal churches like the Full Gospel and the Assemblies of God. Since its inception in 1908, the AFM of South Africa has been divided into four main sections, namely: black, white, mixed race and Indian, for about 88 years. The church followed the divisions under apartheid in South Africa that divided people according to race, colour and ethnicity, with white people at the forefront of that division. It was only in 1996 that the AFM of South Africa decided to unite under one umbrella, with one constitution governing the structures and the members of the church. The 25 years of unity within the AFM of South Africa call for an evaluation of both the successes and the failures of this unity. Through a socio-historical analysis, it will be possible to identify the achievements of this unity on the one hand, and the loopholes on the other. The paper will show that the identified loopholes are detrimental to the unity of the church and its future. Therefore, in order to experience true unity, the church should address the challenges that compromise this unity by returning to the biblical basis of unity, dealing with structural impediments and encouraging multicultural fellowships. When the above is done, not only will the church experience true unity, but also maintain its growth that the church has experienced over the years of its existence.
Jean-Marc Éla’s Hut and Empty Granary: Rethinking the Social Significance of Theology in Africa
Authors: Iheanacho Valentine Ugochukwu
Published: June 2021

Jean-Marc Éla, in his book My Faith as an African (1988), articulates a pastoral vision for the church in Africa. According to Éla, the “friends of the gospel” must be conscious of God’s presence “in the hut of a mother whose granary is empty.” This awakening arises from the capacity of theologians “to catch the faintest murmurs of the Spirit,” and to stay within earshot of what is happening in the ecclesial community. The vocation of an African theologian, as a witness of the faith and a travelling companion of God’s people, obliges him/her “to get dirty in the precarious conditions of village life.” Decades later, this thought of Éla echoes in Pope Francis’ pastoral vision: “I would prefer a Church which is bruised, hurting and dirty because it has been out on the streets, rather than a Church which is unhealthy from being confined and from clinging to its security” (Evangelii Gaudium, 49). The purpose of this article is to espouse the pastoral vision of Éla in light of the liberating mission of African theologians. This mission goes beyond armchair theologising toward engaging the people of God “under the tree.” With the granary understood as a metaphor for famine—and famine itself being the messenger of death—the article will also argue that the “friends of the gospel” are not at liberty to shut their eyes and drift off to sleep with a clear conscience, amidst a declining African social context.
Africanising the Four-self-leadership Formula in the Church of Christ in Zimbabwe
Authors: Masengwe Gift , Magwidi Edwin
Published: June 2021

The Church of Christ in Zimbabwe (COCZ) has adopted Western philosophies of Euro-American cultures originating from the Victorian age during the Restoration Movement (RM) of the American Second Great Awakening (SGA). This exclusive, divisive and oppressive culture denied women, the poor, and the young, the opportunity to lead. The RM emphasised going back to the founding charism of the New Testament Church, with Christian unity and ecumenism as central elements. Its doctrines became rigid, denying female leadership, constitutions, central headquarters, and further ministerial formation as worldly. This study raises these aspects as indispensable to the contextualising, inculturating and incarnating framework of the gospel in an African context. This reflection takes account of the four-self-leadership formula, as inspired by Magwidi’s PhD study (2015–2021), as well as other sources like the minutes of church board meetings and contextual writings by COCZ’s local clergy. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews that were collated with written sources and heuristically interpreted by the African Cultural Hermeneutics Approach (ACHA) (Kanyoro 2002; 2001). A synthesis of missionary ideology with African narratives of the Christian faith (using ACHA) interpreted the data to understand the “how” of contextual, cultural and religious transformation in the COCZ. The study recommends new, inclusive and transformative modes of leadership empowerment for an authentic African Church.
“US” AND “THEM” IN THINGS FALL APART BY CHINUA ACHEBE: A CRITICAL FUNCTIONAL APPROACH OF OTHERING
Authors: Purnomosasi Lusia Kristiasih Dwi , Garudatama Vastukencana Sih Gita , Ricahyono Sigit
Published: June 2021

“Us” and “them” or othering often brings about world’s most feared phenomenon, xenophobia. This qualitative study purposes to disclose attitudinal strategies used in Chinua Achebe’s “things Fall Apart”. An excerpt from it was analysed through the “APPRAISAL”, especially the “ATTITUDE”, and ‘PERIODICITY” theories. Results reveal that “us” is framed with 4 (+) values and only 2 in (-) while “them” is constructed through only 1 (+) value and 3 (-). The vast majority of the attitudinal strategies used is “Jdg.”, occurring 7 times making up 70%. The other which emerges is “Apr.” which appears only 3 times and contributes 30%.  As commonly held, “us” is narrated in more favors and fewer negatives and “them” in the opposite way to achieve planned hidden goals of persuasion.
ROLE OF ACTIVE KNOWLEDGE SHARING LEARNING METHOD IN IMPROVING ENGLISH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT FOR STUDENT OF XII-IPA-1 CLASS AT SMA NEGERI 2 MADIUN CITY IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2019/2020
Authors: Warsito Warsito
Published: June 2021

This study aims to: (a) record the improvement of student achievement by applying the Active Knowledge Sharing Learning method; and (b) understand the effect of student learning motivation by applying the Active Knowledge Sharing Learning method. This research used class action research in three rounds. Each round consists of design, activities and observations, reflection, and revision. The onjectt of this research is student of the XII-IPA-1 Class at SMA Negeri 2 Madiun City in Academic Year 2019/2020. The data obtained by using formative test and observation.  Results of the study reveal that the student learning achievement had increased from cycle I to cycle III, are cycle I (69.66%), cycle II (74.53%), and cycle III (83.09%). This study concluded that applying the Active Knowledge Sharing Learning method has a positive effect on the achievement and learning motivation for student.
THE REVIVAL OF VIRTUE ETHICS AS AN ETHICAL VIEW
Authors: Abakare Chris O.
Published: June 2021

Aristotle and Plato were the chief architects of virtue ethics, but their own formulation of virtue ethics was mostly subdued with the appearance of consequentialism as well as Kantian deontology. However, modem thinkers have attempted to revive virtue ethics in its new form and in this regard the name which is popularly known is G.E.M. Anscombe. In fact Anscombe clearly indicates in what sense virtue ethics can be revived and what was wrong with the traditional virtue ethics as expounded by Aristotle and Plato. Anscombe points out three important issues for which traditional virtue ethics perhaps lost its glory. First, moral philosophy in general cannot survive without an adequate philosophy of psychology and this thing was absent in the traditional virtue ethics. Secondly, without psychological possibility the concepts of moral obligation and moral duty, the moral sense of ought to be jeopardized. Thirdly and importantly, the differences between the well-known English writers on moral philosophy from Sidgwick to the present day are of little importance. This task of this paper is to review the revival of virtue ethics
Graph Neural Networks for Predicting Chemical Reaction Performance
Authors: Saebi Mandana , Nan Bozhao , Herr John , Wahlers Jessica , Wiest Olaf , Chawla Nitesh
Published: June 2021

Chemical reactions are a complex process, as they involve interaction between several molecular compounds. As a result, predicting the success of a reaction is a non-trivial task, which often requires running several experiments in the lab. This process is is expensive, time consuming, and inefficient. As a result, in recent years, researchers have explored the use of machine learning algorithms to predict reaction success. These methods mainly rely on chemical properties of the molecules involved in the reactions. Despite their promising success, none of existing methods explored the use of structural properties of molecules in predicting reaction success. In this work, we develop an Attributed Graph Neural Network model that integrates both structural properties as well as chemical properties of molecules for predicting reaction success. Our model shows remarkable performance on two hand-crafted datasets obtained from high-throughput experiments, as well as one real-world dataset.
Momentum Removal to Obtain the Position-Dependent Diffusion Constant in Constrained Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Fujimoto Kazushi , Nagai Tetsuro , Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi
Published: June 2021

The position-dependent diffusion coefficient along with free energy profile are important parameters needed to study mass transport in heterogeneous systems such as biological and polymer membranes, and molecular dynamics (MD) calculation is a popular tool to obtain them. Among many methodologies, the Marrink-Berendsen (MB) method is often employed to calculate the position-dependent diffusion coefficient, in which the autocorrelation function of the force on a fixed molecule is related to the friction on the molecule. However, the diffusion coefficient is shown to be affected by the period of the removal of the center-of-mass velocity, which is necessary when performing MD calculations using the Ewald method for Coulombic interaction. We have clarified theoretically in this study how this operation affects the diffusion coefficient calculated by the MB method, and the theoretical predictions are proven by MD calculations. Therefore, we succeeded in providing guidance on how to select an appropriate the period of the removal of the center-of-mass velocity in estimating the position-dependent diffusion coefficient by the MB method. This guideline is applicable also to the Woolf-Roux method.
Shortcut Method for Initialization of Dividing Wall Columns and Estimating Pareto-Optimal NQ-curves
Authors: Ränger Lena-Marie , Grützner Thomas
Published: June 2021

In early project stages often no simulation results are available for dividing wall columns. Hence, shortcut methods are used to estimate suitable vapor and liquid splits. In a previous paper it was shown that Vmin diagrams are a suited tool to satisfy this need. However, it has turned out that it shows weaknesses for columns with finite or non-optimal stages. This contribution closes that gap and presents an extended approach to derive suited initial guesses. For this purpose, the original Vmin diagram is combined with a heuristic approach to calculate Pareto-optimal column designs resulting in a stage-adapted Vmin diagram. A comparative study shows that the new approach is a powerful tool to generate reliable guesses for multiple dividing wall column simulations with finite stage numbers.
Molecular Gatekeeper Discovery: Workflow for Linking Multiple Environmental Biomarkers to Metabolomics
Authors: Yu Miao , Teitelbaum Susan , Dolios Georgia , Dang Lam-Ha , Tu Peijun , Wolff Mary , Petrick Lauren
Published: June 2021

The exposome reflects the many exposures to various factors across the life-course that can affect health. Sensitive techniques like metabolomics can reveal the underlying molecular basis linking exposures to disease and generate hypotheses for future quantitative toxicological studies. Current applications of metabolomics are primarily to identify metabolic changes linking a single exposure and a health outcome(s); there is no general framework for multiple exposures. Here, we explore the concept of ‘molecular gatekeepers’—key metabolites that link single or multiple exposure biomarkers with correlated clusters of endogenous metabolites—to inform health-relevant biological targets. We performed untargeted metabolomics on plasma from 152 adolescent girls participating in the Growing Up Healthy Study in New York City, using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). We then performed network analysis to link metabolites to environmental biomarkers including five trace elements (Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Hg) and five perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs; n-PFOS, Sm-PFOS, n-PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA) previously measured in the same samples. We defined any metabolite associated with at least one environmental biomarker and correlated with at least one other metabolite (Spearman rho > 0.9) as a ‘molecular gatekeeper’. Associations of gatekeepers with health outcomes (e.g., body mass index, age at menarche) were tested with linear models. After removing redundant peaks, 964 (positive mode) and 1784 (negative mode) metabolite features were used for network analysis. Of 95 and 138 metabolites, respectively, associated with at least one exposure, 28 and 43 were molecular gatekeepers. Further, lysophosphatidylcholine(16:0) and taurodeoxycholate were correlated with both n-PFOA and n-PFOS, suggesting a shared dysregulation from multiple xenobiotic exposures. One annotated gatekeeper, sphingomyelin(d18:2/14:0), was significantly associated with age at menarche; yet, no direct association was detected between any exposure biomarkers and age at menarche. Thus, molecular gatekeepers may provide a general data analysis framework to discover molecular linkages between exposure biomarkers and health outcomes that may otherwise be obscured by complex interactions in direct measurements. This framework may aid in identifying vulnerable biological pathways for future exposome research.
Using Sound to Synthesize Covalent Organic Frameworks in Water
Authors: Zhao Wei , Yan Peiyao , Yang Haofan , Bahri Mounib , James Alex , CHEN HONGMEI , Liu Lunjie , Li Boyu , Pang Zhongfu , Clowes Rob , Browning Nigel D. , Ward John W. , Wu Yue , Cooper Andrew I.
Published: June 2021

Most covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are synthesized using solvothermal conditions (>120 °C, >72 h) in harmful organic solvents. We report a strategy for rapidly synthesizing imine-linked COFs (< 60 min) in aqueous acetic acid using sonochemistry, avoiding most of the downsides of solvothermal methods. We first synthesized seven known COFs using this method and obtained crystallinity and porosity comparable to or better than materials from previously reported solvothermal routes. This sonochemical method even works in highly sustainable solvents, such as food-grade vinegar. The generality of the method was demonstrated by preparing two unreported COFs. Finally, we showed that one sonochemical COF is an excellent photocatalyst for sacrificial hydrogen evolution from water with a more sustained catalytic performance than its solvothermal analog. The speed, ease and generality of this sonochemical method with no sacrifice in material quality makes it an enabling methodology for rapid discovery of new functional COF materials.
Synthesis, Characterization And Assessment of Anti Microbial Behaviour of Goat Faecal Mediated Silver Nanoparticles- Fed on Tirumala Hills
Authors: Shakir Basha S  , Ashok Thulluru  , Naresh Babu C  , Chithra Shekar C  , Jagadeesh P  , Mohammed Idress N S  , Praveena R  , Sravan Kumar C  , Anil A
Published: June 2021

To synthesize, characterize, and to assess the anti-microbial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) induced by goat fecal matter. The AgNPs were processed by the microwave heating method and the characterization was accomplished by employing various spectroscopic approaches such as UV-Visible, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, Particle size, and Zeta potential analysis. The lmax for both extracts were found at 426& 438nm. The wideband corresponded to O-H stretching vibrations at 3384.0 cm-1, 3273.9 cm-1 and 3366.2 cm-1, bands at 2918.5 cm-1, 2922.5 cm-1, 2853.2 cm-1, and 2850.2 cm-1 corresponded to the N–H and C–H stretching. The bands at 1638.1 cm-1, 1651.9, and 1686.5 cm-1  corresponded to the C=C stretch. Bands of 1460.3 cm-1, 1450.4 cm-1, 1409.2 cm-1 and 1376.3 cm-1 corresponded to C-N, C-C bond stretching vibrations. The stretch of C-O indicates bands at 1159.7 cm-1, 1033.2 cm-1, and 1032.8 cm-1. The synthesized AgNPsdemonstrated good anti-microbial activity on gram +Ve (S.aureus) and gram -Ve (E.coli) bacteria. Bio/Green synthesized AgNPs have shown improved biological performance, this tends to minimize production cost, pollution-free, less chemical usage, and stable generation of nanoparticles.
Correlation between the Implementation of Excellent Service of Nursing with the Level of Patient Satisfaction in Medika Mulia Hospital of Tuban
Authors: Masroyana Masroyana , Suhartono Suhartono , Nurhadi Mokhamad
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of the correlation between the implementation of excellent services with the level of patient satisfaction. The design of this study used correlational analytics with the Cross-Sectional time approach. The sample in this study was inpatients in the VIP room of Medika Mulia Hospital of Tuban with an accidental sampling technique. The sample size was 56 people. The data collection used a questionnaire instrument. Then analyzed used Spearman Rank statistical test with significance level α = 0.05. The results of study 52 (96.3%) respondents stated excellent service of nursing with a very satisfying level of satisfaction, 2 (3.7%) respondents stated excellent service of nursing with a satisfying level of satisfaction, 1 (50%) stated that nursing service was quite excellent with a level of satisfaction is very satisfied, 1 (50%) of respondents said that the nursing service was excellent with a satisfied level of satisfaction and none of the respondents stated that nursing service was not prime and was not satisfied with the services of nursing. The results of data analysis obtained the value of p = 0.004, meaning p <0.05, which means there was a correlation between the implementation of excellent service of nursing with the level of patient satisfaction in the VIP Room of Medika Mulia Hospital of Tuban.
Profile of the Interpreting Ability of Students on Static Fluid
Authors: Nurmisanti Nurmisanti , Kurniawan Yudi , Muliyani Riski
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to get a description of the students' ability to interpret the static fluid material. This research was a quantitative descriptive study and the sample was taken by purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 26 students at one of the Madrasah Aliyah in the city of Singkawang. To achieve this goal, students had filled in questions about static fluids in a multiple-choice test. The results of this study were a quantitative description of the student's ability to interpret the static fluid material. The interpretive ability category was adapted from the n-gain category. The results showed that the category of students' ability to interpret the concept of hydrostatic pressure and Archimedes principle was in the high category with a percentage of 88% and on the Pascal principle it was categorized as low with a percentage of 19%. The results of this study can be a reference for future researchers to improve aspects of understanding interpreting categories in students.
The Improvement of the Achievement of Islamic Education Learning Materials in Abbasid Period by Using Jigsaw Type on the Students of SMP Negeri 2 Kubu
Authors: Hidayati Sri
Published: June 2021

This Classroom Action Research (CAR) is motivated by learning that has been carried out in class VIII A SMP Negeri 2 Kubu which is still carrying out the learning process of Islamic Religious Education with conventional methods of lectures and questions and answers, thus making students passive in learning carried out so that resulting in students being less involved in learning activities. One of the learning methods to overcome these learning difficulties is the Jigsaw method. The purpose of this Classroom Action Research (CAR) is to determine the extent of learning through the Jigsaw method in improving the learning achievement of class VIII A students at SMP Negeri 2 Kubu. The instruments used in this study were observation and test. Data were analyzed using descriptive percentages. This Classroom action research (CAR) is carried out in 2 cycles, from the results of the actions taken are proven to improve student learning achievement in Islamic Religious Education lessons on the material of the Growth of Science during the Abbasid Period by achieving the KKM standard of 75, from 73,09% in cycle l, can increase to 81.90% in cycle 2. The results of this action research indicate that learning Islamic Religious Education through the Jigsaw method is effective and can improve the learning achievement of class VIII A students at SMP Negeri 2 Kubu.
Volitelova sebedeterminace v kompatibilistické verzi
Authors: Peroutka David
Published: June 2021

V reakci na knihu Petra Dvořáka Kauzalita činitele. Úvod do analytické diskuse o svobodě vůle hájím určitý typ kompatibilismu. Dvořák upozorňuje, že pokud bylo něčí rozhodnutí predeterminováno od něj odlišnými příčinami, pak onomu jedinci za jeho volbu nepřisuzujeme morální odpovědnost. Mým návrhem je však „asymetrické“ řešení otázky. V oblasti predeterminovaných voleb připouštím nepřítomnost odpovědnosti v případě všech morálně zlých voleb, nikoli však v případě všech voleb hodnocených jako morálně dobré. Existují totiž takové dobrovolné volby, při kterých sice nejsme s to – např. na základě silných morálních důvodů – volit jinak, avšak přesto vnímáme své rozhodnutí jako svobodné. Navíc platí, že i kdybychom se při tom dověděli, či uvěřili, že daná volní nutnost není důsledkem naší minulé „libertariánské“ sebeformace, stěží by nám takové mínění zabránilo cítit se ve své volbě svobodnými. Způsoby, jakými svobodu vůle prožíváme, bychom ovšem měli jakožto filosofové respektovat.