bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aprendizaje basado en proyectos apoyado en mediaciones virtuales y herramientas informáticas en un curso de producción de aves: estudio de caso en las Ciencias Agropecuarias
Authors: Díaz S Luis , Montes V Donicer
Published: December 2017

La estrategia de aprendizaje basado en proyectos, apoyada en mediaciones virtuales y herramientas informáticas fue aplicada a 42 estudiantes de un programa de Zootecnia en la asignatura Producción de Aves en la que se determinó el grado de familiarización, la productividad académica, la mediación asincrónica por medio del correo electrónico, el dominio de la hoja de cálculo excel® y la apreciación frente a la metodología implementada. Los resultados demostraron que el 100% de los estudiantes no conocían la estrategia de aprendizaje y mostraron temores al inicio de la actividad. Las notas finales obtenidas (4.44±0.14, el 38.09%; 3.67±0.09, el 38.09%; 2.8, el 19.05%), los productos entregados y el grado de cumplimiento (100%, 31estudiantes; 88.88%, 5 estudiantes; 77.77%, 3 estudiantes; 55.55%, 3 estudiantes) se vieron influenciados por el grado de dominio de la hoja de cálculo (8 estudiantes mostraron dominio, 26 un nivel básico a elemental, y escaso el restante) y el nivel de participación por correo electrónico registrado. Se encontró que la estrategia de aprendizaje genero motivación en los estudiantes, reflejado en el cumplimiento de las metas y objetivos trazados al inicio del curso, incremento la interacción docente- estudiante y alcanzándose un alto rendimiento académico (notas finales ?3.7) en la mayoría de los participantes (73.8%).
Maturação nuclear in vitro de ovócitos bovinos selecionados pelo método azul cresil brilhante
Authors: Otero A Rafael , Da Costa P Eduardo , Pereira M Emílio
Published: December 2017

Objetivou-se investigar a competência in vitro da maturação nuclear de ovócitos selecionados pela técnica do corante  Azul Cresil Brilhante (ACB), após manutenção em meio Talp-Hepes. Complexos cumulus ovócito (CCOs) foram obtidos de ovários de matadouro e distribuídos aleatoriamente em 6 tratamentos. Quanto percentual de ovócitos que apresentaram configuração nuclear de MI (Metáfise I) ao término da MIV, notou-se que T3 e T5 apresentaram-se superiores ao T1, T2 e T4 (p<0,05). Quanto à capacidade dos ovócitos de completarem a MIV, expresso pela competência em atingirem MII (Metáfise II), observou-se que os tratamentos T1, T2, T4 apresentaram maior percentual em MII que T3 e T5 (p<0,05). Dos ovócitos submetidos a MIV, T1 apresentou menor percentual de degenerados que T2, T3, T4, T5 (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que a capacidade de coloração de ovócitos por ACB não alterou após manutenção dos CCOs por 5 horas em Talp-Hepes e que o corante ACB mostrou-se eficaz na seleção de ovócitos mais competentes após manutenção de CCOs por 5h em Talp-Hepes.
Permukiman Kawasan Danau Masa Lalu Di Jawa Timur
Authors: Kasnowihadjo Gunadi
Published: December 2017

Archaeology without its public is nothing, it is a disturbing expression for archaeologists, which encourages them to make a policy that every archaeological research benefited the general public. Academically this study is hoped to find settlement patterns in the past around lakes. Furthermore, the study also tries to find models of the local wisdom of their communities. Values in local wisdom are very important for today’s communities and future generations. Considering the aim of the research, the method used is descriptive explorative with an inductive approach, while data collecting is done by carrying out excavations and surveys. It is hoped that the researchers can reveal how people lived in lake areas in the past. The condition of lake areas in the past both its communities and surrounding environment is the dream of future generations. This is the essence of studying archaeology because archaeology studies life in the past to be actualized and implemented in today’s life for the sake of the future generations.
MODELO A3P: uma proposta de implantação de práticas socioambientais à Secretaria Municipal de Turismo de São Luís (MA) em conformidade com a Agenda Ambiental na Administração Pública
Authors: Brasil Avanne Costa , Gerude Neto Osman José de Aguiar , Araújo Naíla Arraes de , Almeida Pinheiro Nathalia Cunha
Published: December 2017

O Governo Federal Brasileiro, através do Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA), lançou em 1999 a Agenda Ambiental na Administração Pública (A3P). Esta iniciativa visou minimizar e/ou eliminar os impactos ambientais gerados por práticas administrativas e operacionais nos três poderes e nas três esferas de governo. Com base nisso, o objetivo deste trabalho é propor à Secretaria Municipal de Turismo de São Luís (SETUR), Estado do Maranhão, a adoção de práticas sustentáveis através da implantação da Agenda Ambiental na Administração Pública (A3P), evidenciando sua importância na organização. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na observação sistematizada das práticas diárias da secretaria, associada ao levantamento de informações coletadas por meio da aplicação de check-list com os gestores da SETUR. Com base nos resultados foi constatado que a instituição não possui uma adesão favorável às práticas voltadas para a preservação ambiental. Isso se deve ao fato da mesma não possuir um Plano de Gestão Ambiental e desconhecer as práticas propostas pela A3P. O trabalho pode contribuir para a melhoria do desempenho ambiental e organizacional e permitir benefícios econômicos a curto e a médio prazo.Palavras-chave: Meio Ambiente; Agenda Ambiental; Administração Pública.
6360 Sayılı Büyükşehir Yasasının Kırsal Yaşama Olası Etkileri: Kocaeli Örneği
Authors: Köşker Yaman Ayşe , Kutlar İlkay
Published: December 2017

2012 yılında yürürlüğe giren 6360 sayılı büyükşehir yasası ile büyükşehirlerde kır kent ayrımı gözetilmeyerek büyükşehir belediyelerinin hizmet götürme alanı il mülki sınırını kapsayacak şekilde genişletilmiştir. Böylece büyükşehir konumunda yer alan illerde tüzel kişiliğe sahip olan köy ve belde yerleşim yerlerinin tüzel kişilikleri kaldırılarak mahalleye dönüştürülmüştür. Durum böyle olunca bugüne kadar kentsel alana yönelik hizmet anlayışına sahip belediyelerin daha önce köy olan mahallelere belediye hizmetlerini götürmek, tarımsal alt yapı hizmetleri, hayvancılık yatırımları ve faaliyetlerini desteklemesi gibi yeni görev alanları ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma ile 6360 sayılı büyükşehir yasasının kırsal yaşama olası etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda Kocaeli ili Gölcük İlçesine bağlı Nüzhetiye köyü seçilmiştir. Yeni yasa ile artık Nüzhetiye mahallesi olan mahalle sakinlerine, yeni büyükşehir yasasından haberdar olup olmadıkları ve olumlu ya da olumsuz yönde etkilenip etkilenmedikleri sorulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Studying the Factors that Affect the Application of Accounting Standards in Vietnam via SEM Model
Authors: Ngoc Hung Dang
Published: December 2017

The factors that affect the application of accounting standards in Vietnam are researched. The Structural Equation Modeling is used after the Cronbach Alpha scales have been verified and the exploratory factors have been analyzed. The research tests relationship between levels and benefits of the applied accounting standards. The research has found that there are 3 factors including characteristics of enterprises, legal system, professional consulting organizations that have a positive relation with the application of accounting standards. It is also indicated that the level of the applied accounting standards has a positive relation with the benefits of the applied accounting standards.
Exploring Zimbabwe’s enduring economic challenges and interventionist strategies : showcasing the Zimbabwe agenda for sustainable socio-economic transformation (ZimAsset)
Authors: Makaye Peter , Mapuva Jephias
Published: December 2017

Following its victory in the 2013 elections held on 31 July, the ruling ZANU-PF party went about crafting a new economic blueprint, the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio- Economic Transformation (ZimAsset). The blueprint intended to bring about accelerated economic growth and wealth creation in Zimbabwe between October 2013 and December 2018. ZimAsset has four strategic clusters, namely Social Services and Poverty Reduction, Food Security and Nutrition, Infrastructure and Public Utilities `as well as Value Addition and Beneficiation. These clusters are regarded as the basis on which the objectives of the blueprint are anchored as well as the drivers of the development policy. This article provides a critical analysis of this blueprint by taking a historical look at the economic policy of the country and hastens to argue that this country has never been short of blueprints. What has been lacking is the implementation; owing to lack of resources, political will and corruption, among other factors. The economic policy is also bereft of an investment strategy, making it difficult to leverage on the country’s mineral resources. The Indigenization and Economic Empowerment Act of 2008 is not doing the country’s efforts to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) any good because it is in actual fact, driving away potential investors. This article argues that given that ZimAsset’s implementation is premised on the availability of financial resources, which the country does not have, and that FDI is not trickling in, the blueprint is bound to fail. This economic blueprint is ambitious, as it aims to achieve almost everything within a five-year period; and yet the country is thin on resources. Therefore, the blueprint will most likely, not be able to take Zimbabweans out of their economic quagmire.
Assembling La nueva novela: Juan Luis Martínez and a Material Poetics of Relation
Authors: Kosick Rebecca
Published: December 2017

This article considers La nueva novela, a strange book-object assembled by twentieth-century Chilean poet Juan Luis Martínez, in light of Édouard Glissant’s “poetics of relation” and Manuel DeLanda’s elaboration of “assemblage theory.” By bringing together these texts, which both draw from Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of the rhizome, this essay demonstrates how La nueva novela can be seen as a material poetics of relation, an assemblage whose many parts work to both bind and unbind the book together as a whole. It raises the question of how a book like this—made as, and from, such diverse parts as visual math problems in which, for example, a painting of Rimbaud and a military jacket minus a shoe, a boot, and a sock equals suspenders, a spat, and a sock; actual metal fishhooks taped to a page; riddles and problems of logic; other people’s poems; musical scores; drawings, for example, of a pipe split in half (titled “Meditations on Rene Magritte” and dedicated to Foucault); among many other things—can be read, arguing in favor of a kind of surface reading that attends to both La nueva novela’s material and meaningful components.
Officers’ Libraries in the Corps of Military Engineers: How Many of Them Were There?
Authors: Panchenko Anatoly M.
Published: December 2017

Recently there appeared quite a lot of publications on the history of military libraries of pre-revolutionary Russia. There arose the question, how many of them there were and why it was so important to know their quantity? In response to this question, first of all, we can discuss the classification of military libra-ries. Basing on the obtained quantitative data we can determine the eligibility of use of the terms “Military Library System” and “System of Military Librarianship”, applied to the libraries of the Ministry of War. Besides that, considering the number of military libraries, we can compare them with the other book collections. In the article on the basis of the pre-revolutionary sources there is counted for the first time the number of engineer and sapper officers’ libraries in the Corps of military engineers. Reliability basis for counting the number of libraries is made by the “Regulations” of 1838, 1863, 1889, orders of the engineering Department, some catalogues of the books, regimental history, and annual summarized publications of journals on the number of its subscribers. On the basis of the above documents and publications there is consistently analyzed the growth dynamics of the officers’ libraries in the Corps of military engineers.
The Social Workers Challenges on Community Welfare in Ungogo Community, Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu Kehinde Adekunle , Mustaffa Jamaluddin , Mohd Nasir Norruzeyati Che
Published: December 2017

The role of social workers in a community cannot be overemphasised by any mean, for the life span of any community depends on the quality of the social workers. The aim of this work is to affirm the roles of social workers in helping the community welfare.  Qualitative research design was adopted for the work. Data collected with the Interview Schedule for Officials of the Federal Road Safety Corps and Interview Guide for selected group of people. This was administered to 30 respondents, which comprises both male and female in the Ungogo community. The purpose of the study was to examine the roles of social workers, in line with improved standards of living, sustained economic development and expansion of trade and economic relations in the community; enhanced levels of international competitiveness in the areas of community welfare, organization for increased productivity of people in the community. It common knowledge every individual strife to be the best when receive the necessary or adequate encouragement. To these extents, such a person bears some responsibilities even if passively so as a member. The implication of this work is to contribute to social change by informing social worker on their challenges and responsibilities ahead of them in the community.
УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ОРГАНІВ ЧЕРЕВНОЇ ПОРОЖНИНИ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ЗА СПАЙКОВОЇ ХВОРОБИ ОЧЕРЕВИНИ
Authors: Evtushenko D. О.
Published: December 2017

Використання ультразвукового дослідження (УЗД) розширює можливості діагностики спайкової хвороби очеревини (СХО), вибору доступу й методики хірургічного втручання у хворих. Для дослідження у 290 хворих використовували апарат ESAOTЕ MyLabAlpha (Італія). За допомогою УЗД СХО виявлена у 94,1% хворих, його проведення в динаміці дозволило контролювати і своєчасно визначати показання до оперативного втручання. У хворих за динамічної непрохідності кишечнику повторне проведення УЗД дозволило уникнути виконання непотрібної релапаротомії. Використання УЗД в клінічній практиці сприяло виявленню ознак СХО, акустичного вікна для введення троакара під час виконання мініінвазивного втручання.
ХІРУРГІЧНА ТАКТИКА ПРИ ЛІКУВАННІ НЕКРОТИЧНОГО ПАНКРЕАТИТУ
Authors: Yareshko V. G. , Marusiy А. І.
Published: December 2017

Вступ. Некротичний панкреатит (НП) є одним з найтяжчих захворювань органів черевної порожнини, характеризується порушенням перфузії підшлункової залози (ПЗ) різного ступеня, що потребує диференційованого підходу до хірургічного лікування пацієнтів.

Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовані результати лікування 66 хворих, яким виконували лапаротомні втручання з приводу НП з розробкою власних підходів на підставі оцінки життєздатності ПЗ. Розроблені показання до резекції ПЗ, методи дренування гнійних вогнищ, способи завершення операції.

Результати. Встановлено, що при некрозі понад 50% об’єму ПЗ і сепсисі потрібне її обов’язкове видалення як першоджерела інфекції, з широким дренуванням заочеревинного простору та завершенням операції для подальшої «планової» релапаротомії.

Обговорення. Навіть у теперішній час, коли можлива об’єктивна оцінка ступеню перфузії ПЗ та об’єму некрозу парапанкреатичної клітковини за даними КТ і шкал оцінки септичного стану, не визначені питання щодо прямих втручань на ПЗ, методів завершення операції.

Висновки. Зменшення летальності після відкритих операцій з приводу НП можливе за умови ранньої діагностики захворювання, до появи необоротних некротичних змін ПЗ за даними променевих методів дослідження (УЗД, КТ) та оптимізації обсягу оперативного втручання.
ВПЛИВ КОРЕКЦІЇ ВНУТРІШНЬОЧЕРЕВНОЇ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЇ НА ПОКАЗАННЯ ДО ОПЕРАТИВНОГО ВТРУЧАННЯ ПРИ ГОСТРОМУ ПАНКРЕАТИТІ
Authors: Sukhodolya А. І. , Моrgun А. S. , Sukhodolya S. А. , Loboda І. V. , Моrgun Yu. V.
Published: December 2017

Узагальнений досвід лікування 138 пацієнтів з приводу гострого панкреатиту (ГП). З метою зменшення частоти ускладнень і летальності при ГП застосовані різні способи корекції внутрішньочеревної гіпертензії (ВЧГ). Встановлено, що при корекції ВЧГ достовірно зменшується частота інфікування вогнищ панкреонекрозу: за ГП середньої тяжкості частота інфікування зменшилась з 7,7 до 4,2%, за тяжкого ГП - з 55,5 до 43%. Корекція ВЧГ при ГП сприяла зменшенню частоти виконання операцій в пізньому періоді, особливо за ГП середньої тяжкості.
ДИНАМІКА ЗМІН ГУМОРАЛЬНОЇ ЛАНКИ ІМУНІТЕТУ ПРИ ВИКОРИСТАННІ СОРБЦІЙНО-ТРАНСМЕМБРАННОГО ДІАЛІЗУ
Authors: Кryshen V. P. , Lyashchenko P. V. , Panikova Т. М. , Cherednichenko E. І. , Chabanenko G. М.
Published: December 2017

На основі проведеного аналізу результатів клінічних та лабораторних досліджень встановлено, що використання у комплексі лікування хворих з приводу поширеного перитоніту (ПП) сорбційно-трансмембранного діалізу для санації черевної порожнини дозволяє досягти значної протекції IgA та зменшити тяжкість ендотоксикозу.
СЕПСИС У ХВОРИХ ЗА УСКЛАДНЕНОГО СИНДРОМУ ДІАБЕТИЧНОЇ СТОПИ – ОКСИДАНТНИЙ СТРЕС ОРГАНІЗМУ
Authors: Shapoval S. D. , Тrybushnyi О. V. , Savon І. L.
Published: December 2017

Вступ. Гнійні захворювання відзначають більш ніж у 35% пацієнтів хірургічних стаціонарів, з яких особливою групою є пацієнти з сепсисом на тлі ускладненого синдрому діабетичної стопи (СДС). Реакція організму на септичний процес проявляється змінами метаболічних процесів, у регуляції яких важливу роль відіграють перекисне окиснення ліпідів (ПОЛ) та система антиоксидантного захисту (АОЗ).

Матеріали і методи. Обстежені в динаміці 724 хворих з приводу ускладненого СДС. Стан ПОЛ оцінювали на основі аналізу його первинних та вторинних продуктів – дієнових кон’югат (ДК), малонового діальдегіду (МДА), шифових основ (ШО).

Результати. Встановлено, що у хворих як за ускладненого СДС, так і сепсису, зміни вмісту продуктів ПОЛ в сироватці крові при госпіталізації були достовірними (р < 0,05), при сепсисі, більш вираженими, ніж за ускладненого СДС без сепсису.

Обговорення. Аналіз отриманих даних свідчить, що тяжкість перебігу сепсису у хворих за ускладненого СДС залежить від стану вільнорадикального окиснення ліпідів. За результатами дослідження, первинні й вторинні продукти ПОЛ є об’єктивними маркерами тяжкості ендогенної інтоксикації, визначають оксидантний стрес організму. В системі комплексної терапії таких хворих слід застосовувати антиоксиданти як один з варіантів патогенетично обгрунтованої інтенсивної терапії.
КЛІНІКО-СТАТИСТИЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ РІВНЯ АМПУТАЦІЇ КІНЦІВКИ У ПОРАНЕНИХ
Authors: Tsema E. V. , Khomenko І. P. , Bespalenko А. А. , Buryanov О. А. , Міshalov V. G. , Кіkh А. Yu.
Published: December 2017

Узагальнені результати лікування 159 постраждалих, у яких виконано ампутацію кінцівок, у період 2014 – 2016 рр. Вік постраждалих від 18,9 до 60,3 років, у середньому (33,04 ± 1,15) року, 158 (99,4%) з них – чоловіки, 1 (0,6%) жінка. Основною причиною втрати кінцівки були: мінно-вибухове поранення – у 74,8% постраждалих, осколкове – у 9,4%, кульове - у 6,9%, холодова травма – у 4,4%. У 4,4% постраждалих відзначені вибухова травма (заброньовані пошкодження), дорожно-транспортна пригода та обвал бетонних конструкцій. В структурі бойової хірургічної травми переважала ампутація нижньої кінцівки – у 67,5% спостережень, верхньої – у 32,5% (p < 0,001). Частота ампутації сегментів верхньої кінцівки становила: плечового – 29,0%, ліктьового – 40,3%, кисті – 30,6% (p = 0,35); нижньої кінцівки: стегнового сегмента – 42,6%, гомілкового – 41,1%, стопи – 16,3% (p < 0,001). Особливості структури ампутації кінцівок слід мати на увазі при визначенні потреби у протезуванні постраждалих.
A Small Stage for Global Conflicts: Decolonization, the Cold War, and Revolution in Zanzibar
Authors: Sanders Ethan R.
Published: December 2017

The process of decolonization in Zanzibar and the events surrounding its subsequent merger with Tanganyika to become the United Republic of Tanzania in 1964 reveal that postcolonial states did not enter a strictly bi-polar world, forced to choose between the two Cold War superpowers. Instead there were many geopolitical battles that complicated decolonization. In 1964 nearly every major global conflict played out in the islands. Not only were the Americans and Soviets vying for power, but the Arab-Israeli Conflict, the East-West German Conflict, and the Sino-Soviet Split — among other rivalries — all affected the new Zanzibar state. Events in Zanzibar also reveal that Africans, too, had agency in shaping their own futures. In fact, local and regional issues combined with the desires and aims of local power brokers were often the most decisive factors in determining the outcome of events. Not only were there multiple layers to decolonization, but influence moved in multiple directions. Africans were not just pawns in the superpowers' game; their actions shaped the contours of the various international conflicts involved as well as the foreign policies of the major players. The story of Zanzibar thus demonstrates that in order to understand decolonization in Africa during the age of the Cold War, the process has to be seen as a multi-polar, multidirectional, and multilayered affair. This paper also argues for the benefits of understanding the global dimensions of conflicts like those between the Arabs and Israelis, the Chinese and the Soviets and between the two Germanys. These were global conflicts in their own right and not just subplots or regional sideshows of the larger Cold War.
‘Savoy’, an Adapted Soft Red Winter Wheat Cultivar for Georgia and the Southeast Regions of the United States
Authors: Johnson Jerry W. , Chen Z. , Buck James W. , Buntin G. D. , Babar Md A. , Mason Richard E. , Harrison Stephen A. , Murphy J. Paul , Ibrahim Amir M. H. , Sutton Russell L. , Simoneaux Bryan E. , Bockelman Harold E. , Baik Byung-Kee , Marshall David , Cowger Christina , Brown-Guedira Gina L. , Kolmer James A. , Jin Yue , Chen X. , Cambron Sue E. , Mergoum Mohamed
Published: December 2017

Soft red winter wheat (SRWW) (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop in Georgia and the southeastern region of the United States. Despite a decrease of wheat acreages in this region, about 100,000 ha were grown to SRWW in Georgia in 2015. To capture and maximize regional market value of wheat, the new released cultivars must have high yield potential, excellent resistance levels to predominant diseases and insects, and good quality. Therefore, the major goal of the SRWW breeding program at the University of Georgia (UGA) is to develop and release SRWW cultivars adapted to the southeastern wheat region with high yield, quality, and pest resistance. ‘Savoy’ (Reg. No. CV‐1135, PI 676043) is a SRWW cultivar developed by the small grains breeding program at UGA in cooperation with the SUNGRAINS and released by the UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences in 2015. Savoy was subsequently licensed to CPS DYNA‐GRO Seed Company. Savoy was released because it is widely adapted to Georgia and the US Southeast. It has high grain yield, good resistance to races of leaf rust and stripe rust predominant in Georgia and the Southeast. Savoy possesses the H13 gene that confers resistance to predominant biotypes of Hessian fly in Georgia and the Southeast. It has good resistance to powdery mildew and Soil‐borne wheat mosaic virus. Savoy is moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight, or scab. It also has high grain volume weight and acceptable SRWW milling and baking quality.
Registration of ‘Norden’ Hard Red Spring Wheat
Authors: Anderson J. A. , Wiersma J. J. , Linkert G. L. , Reynolds S. K. , Kolmer J. A. , Jin Y. , Rouse M. , Dill-Macky R. , Hareland G. A. , Ohm J. -B.
Published: December 2017

Grain yield, protein content, and straw strength are the three primary traits that growers consider when selecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in the Red River Valley region of Minnesota and North Dakota. ‘Norden’ (Reg. No. CV‐1136, PI 667104) was released by the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station in 2012 because it represented a unique combination of these traits, in addition to good resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and Fusarium head blight (FHB, caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe). Norden is a midmaturity, semidwarf cultivar that was selected in part because it contains the Lr34 gene for adult plant leaf rust resistance and the Fhb1 quantitative trait locus for FHB resistance.
Popularizing Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as an Alternative to Piped Natural Gas for Domestic Use: Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Rahman Md Anisur , Islam Md Ariful , Islam AKM Nazrul
Published: December 2017

The basic objective of this paper has been to carry out comparative cost analyses for popularizing Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a commensurate alternative to piped natural gas for domestic use in Bangladesh. Costing of LPG in three alternative scenarios of LPG utilization-LPG in cylinder, LPG supply in pipeline network for certain area and LPG in reticulated system-have been studied. Pricing of LPG and piped natural gas for domestic use have also been studied so as to recommend cross-subsidy option in LPG pricing that involves raising the price of natural gas for domestic use in order to finance LPG for expected lowering of its price, thus ensuring its access to the common people of the country. Reticulated LPG option, a semi-automatic system, has been found to be suitable as an alternative to piped natural gas for domestic use in terms of cost, flexibility and safety consideration.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2017: 16-20
Fuel Options for Bangladesh-2017
Authors: Ahmed Sk Shafi
Published: December 2017

Fuel is an essential commody supporting our daily life and economy. Until today, the majority of Bangladesh fuel is met from domestic natural gas production. With economy growing (like GDP 7+ %) in coming years, fuel use is also increasing and the local gas prodcution could not meet the requirement. Goverment has already taken steps for the import of LNG and LPG to support the shortfall. This paper describes different fuel options and suggests that the additional fuel requirement might be met with the imported LNG considering the environmental and cost of fuel. LPG is costly than imported LNG. So, emphasis on LPG use may be considered only to the areas where there is no pipe gas supply.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2017: 27-31
Prospects of Nanotechnology in Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Iftakher Ashfaq , Ahaduzzaman -
Published: December 2017

Nanotechnology brings huge promise in the research and development in industrial sectors to increase the efficiency and productivity. It deals with matters at as small as billionth of a meter scale. At this nano scale, the physiochemical properties of matter dramatically change due to quantum confinement. So there are huge possibilities in developing applications by harnessing the nano scaled physiochemical properties of nano materials in numerous fields. Bangladesh, being a developing country lacks the proper guideline and investment to take advantage of this technology. Nanotechnology has a huge prospect in this country especially in agriculture and garments sector. If applied properly, nanotechnology can boost the economic growth as well as improve the capacity and quality in agriculture, food and other industrial sectors. This paper describes the current status of Nanotech research and development, applications in major industrial sectors, future prospects in the context of Bangladesh. This paper also discusses the safety, risks and challenges associated with nanotech and provide a general guideline and recommendations for the application of nanotechnology in major industrial sectors of Bangladesh.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2017: 64-68
Current status of plastic production, prospects and training of manpower in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Serajul , Hasan Md Mahmudul , Hossain Md Mosaddeque
Published: December 2017

The main strategy for achieving accelerating growth and reducing poverty, income inequality and regional disparity include creation of productive employment in the manufacturing and organized service sector is to accelerate trade and investment in each and every sector. Development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is envisaged as a key element in this strategy. In this aspect, a survey on 43 plastic factories, 5 mold industries, 5 importers of plastic raw materials and machineries, 5 National & International Industries (RMG, Leather and plastic Sectors), 2 Association (BGMEA & BPGMEA) & 3 Government Agencies (Export Promotion Bureau (EPB), Ministry of Labor & Empowerment and Bangladesh Technical Education Board (BTEB)) was conducted on the name of ¡°Need assessment to set-up Bangladesh Institute of Plastic Engineering & Technology (BIPET)¡±. SMEF and BPGMEA offered this study on plastic sector. The plastic factories surveyed included micro, small, medium and large factories. About 80% factories belonged to the SMEs. Technical persons in the Management positions were interviewed using detailed questionnaire. The questionnaire was set to analyze the present status of production process, existing working conditions, hiring trends, education-training-technical skills- working experience of workers and technicians, wages framework, troubleshooting problems, types of machine, technology level, training facilities, need for testing, product quality, research & development facilities, existing factory owner.s qualification, their demand and facing challenges by entrepreneur & future prospect of plastic production in Bangladesh. Key recommendation for the development and future prospect of this sector is to support newly established Bangladesh Institute of Plastic Engineering & Technology under the supervision of BPGMEA and technical assistance from BUET.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2017: 69-76
Human Leukocyte Antigen HLA-DRB1 Determinants Susceptibility to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Mahdi Batool Mutar , Hasan Riyadh Mohamad , Hazim Wafaa
Published: December 2017

Background: Gastro oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is characterized by diverse symptoms. There is an evidence for a genetic component to Gastro oesophageal reflux disease as supported by familial aggregation of this disease. Aim of the study was to investigate whether certain human leucocyte antigen genes HLA-DRB1 are associated with (GERD).Methods: Patients and controls were prospectively recruited from GIT center at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital (Baghdad-Iraq) between January 2014 and July 2016. Sixty Iraqi Arab Muslim patients with a history of heartburn and dyspepsia were compared with 100 Iraqi Arab Muslims controls. All study patients and control groups underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations and their serums were analyzed for CagA antibodies Immunoglobulin G (IgG) for H. pylori. HLA-DRB1 genotyping were done to both groups.Results: A total of 60 patients with erosive gastritis; GERD (Grade II and III) were evaluated, together with 100 controls. There is a significant increase of H. pylori infection (p=0.0001) in GERD patients than control group. HLA-DRB1* 15: 01was significantly increased in GERD patients in comparison with control group and an increased frequency of HLADRB1*11: 01 in control group compared with patients group.Conclusions: There is an association between HLA-DRB1 *15: 01 in GERD patients with H pylori positive patients.J MEDICINE Jan 2018; 19 (1) : 3-9
Marfan Syndrome with Varieties of Clinical Features
Authors: Acherjya Goutam Kumar , Tarafder Keya , Islam Md Din Ul , Rahman Mahabubur , Chowdhury Mostofa Kamal
Published: December 2017

Marfan Syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutation in the extracellular matrix protein fibrilin-1 gene located on chromosome 15. It has variable range of expression.We describe a case of a 12 year aged girl with positive family history including lean and thin body stature, skin striae, joint hyper mobility, high arched palate, mal occlusion of teeth, pectus excavatum, winging of scapula, scoliosis of back bone, total arm span more than total body height (1.11:1), lower segment greater than upper segment (1.40:1), severe form of mitral valve prolapse and aortic root dilatation. There are a lot of features of Marfan Syndrome in our single patient which is rare in earlier available case reports.J MEDICINE Jan 2018; 19 (1) : 58-62
A Patient of Facial Lipoatrophy
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul , Momen Abdul Basit Ibne
Published: December 2017

Abstract not availableJ MEDICINE Jan 2018; 19 (1) : 70-71
Weakly Coupled Distributed Calculation of Lyapunov Exponents for Non-Linear Dynamical Systems
Authors: Hernández-Gómez Jorge , Couder-Castañeda Carlos , Herrera-Díaz Israel , Flores-Guzmán Norberto , Gómez-Cruz Enrique
Published: December 2017

Numerical estimation of Lyapunov exponents in non-linear dynamical systems results in a very high computational cost. This is due to the large-scale computational cost of several Runge–Kutta problems that need to be calculated. In this work we introduce a parallel implementation based on MPI (Message Passing Interface) for the calculation of the Lyapunov exponents for a multidimensional dynamical system, considering a weakly coupled algorithm. Since we work on an academic high-latency cluster interconnected with a gigabit switch, the design has to be oriented to reduce the number of messages required. With the design introduced in this work, the computing time is drastically reduced, and the obtained performance leads to close to optimal speed-up ratios. The implemented parallelisation allows us to carry out many experiments for the calculation of several Lyapunov exponents with a low-cost cluster. The numerical experiments showed a high scalability, which we showed with up to 68 cores.
Modulation of BCR Signaling by the Induced Dimerization of Receptor-Associated SYK
Authors: Westbroek Mark , Geahlen Robert
Published: December 2017

Clustering of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) by polyvalent antigens is transmitted through the SYK tyrosine kinase to the activation of multiple intracellular pathways that determine the physiological consequences of receptor engagement. To explore factors that modulate the quantity and quality of signals sent by the crosslinked BCR, we developed a novel chemical mediator of dimerization to induce clustering of receptor-associated SYK. To accomplish this, we fused SYK with E. coli dihydrofolate reductase (eDHFR), which binds the small molecule trimethoprim (TMP) with high affinity and selectivity and synthesized a dimer of TMP with a flexible linker. The TMP dimer is able to induce the aggregation of eDHFR-linked SYK in live cells. The induced dimerization of SYK bound to the BCR differentially regulates the activation of downstream transcription factors, promoting the activation of Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) without affecting the activation of NFκB. The dimerization of SYK enhances the duration but not the amplitude of calcium mobilization by enhancing the extent and duration of its interaction with the crosslinked BCR at the plasma membrane.
Evaluation of Antibiotic Residues in Raw Meat Using Different Analytical Methods
Authors: Ramatla Tsepo , Ngoma Lubanza , Adetunji Modupeade , Mwanza Mulunda
Published: December 2017

Antibiotic residue in meat is a serious public health concern due to its harmful effects on consumer health. This study aimed at estimating the residue levels of four commonly used antibiotics in meat samples using three analytical methods (ELISA, TLC and HPLC). A total of 150 samples of raw meat from sales points were analysed for ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and sulphanilamide residues. Overall, ELISA analysis showed that 56, 34, 18, and 25.3% of the samples tested positive for ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, sulphanilamide and tetracycline residues respectively while TLC and HPLC detected 21.4, 29.4, 92.5, and 14.6%, and 8.3, 41.1, 88.8, and 14.6% of the samples as containing the residues, with ciprofloxacin and sulphanilamide having the lowest and highest occurrence, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of antibiotic residues were in the ranges of 19.8–92.8, 26.6–489.1, 14.2–1280.8, and 42.6–355.6 μg/kg with ELISA, while HPLC detected concentration ranges of 20.7–82.1, 41.8–320.8, 65.2–952.2 and 32.8–95.6 μg/kg for sulphanilamide, tetracycline, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Mean ciprofloxacin and streptomycin residue levels were above the Codex/SA MRL recommended limit, while 3% of the samples contained multidrug residues. Although some of the mean residues levels were below the permissible limits, the co-occurrence of multidrug residues in some of the samples calls for concern.
Modeling the Stepping Process of Negative Lightning Stepped Leaders
Authors: Cooray Vernon , Arevalo Liliana
Published: December 2017

A physical model based on the mechanism observed in experimental investigations is introduced to describe the formation of negative leader steps. Starting with a small length of a space leader located at the periphery of the negative streamer system of the stepped leader, the model simulates the growth and the subsequent formation of the leader step. Based on the model, the step length, the step forming time, and the propagation speed of stepped leaders as a function of the prospective return stroke peak current are estimated. The results show that the step length and the leader speed increase with increasing prospective return stroke current. The results also show that the speed of the stepped leader increases as it approaches the ground. For prospective return stroke currents in the range of 15 kA–60 kA, the step lengths lie within the range 5 m–100 m, the step forming times lie within the range 10 μs–250 μs, and the leader speed lies within the range 105 m/s −1.5 × 106 m/s. The results obtained are in reasonable agreement with the experimental observations.
Universal Enveloping Commutative Rota–Baxter Algebras of Pre- and Post-Commutative Algebras
Authors: Gubarev Vsevolod
Published: December 2017

Universal enveloping commutative Rota–Baxter algebras of pre- and post-commutative algebras are constructed. The pair of varieties (RBλCom, postCom) is proved to be a Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt-pair (PBW)-pair and the pair (RBCom, preCom) is proven not to be.
Application of the Superelastic NiTi Spring in Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) to Create Normal Ankle Joint Behavior
Authors: Amerinatanzi Amirhesam , Zamanian Hashem , Shayesteh Moghaddam Narges , Jahadakbar Ahmadreza , Elahinia Mohammad
Published: December 2017

Hinge-based Ankle Foot Orthosis (HAFO) is one of the most common non-surgical solutions for the foot drop. In conventional HAFOs, the ankle joint is almost locked, and plantar flexion is restricted due to the high stiffness of the hinge mechanism. This often leads to a rigid walking gate cycle, poor muscle activity, and muscle atrophy. Since the ankle torque-angle loop has a non-linear profile, the use of a superelastic NiTi spring within the hinge, due to its nonlinear behavior, could recreate a close-to-normal stiffness of the normal ankle joint, which, in turn, could create a more natural walk. The focus of this study is to evaluate the performance of a superelastic NiTi spring versus a conventional Stainless Steel spring in a hinge mechanism of a custom-fit HAFO. To this aim, a custom-fit HAFO was fabricated via the fast casting technique. Then, motion analysis was performed for two healthy subjects (Case I and Case II): (i) subjects with bare foot; (ii) subjects wearing a conventional HAFO with no spring; (iii) subjects wearing a conventional Stainless Steel-based HAFO; and (iv) subjects wearing a NiTi spring-based HAFO. The data related to the ankle angle and the amount of moment applied to the ankle during walking were recorded using Cortex software and used for the evaluations. Finally, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed to evaluate the safety of the designed HAFO. The NiTi spring offers a higher range of motion (7.9 versus 4.14 degree) and an increased level of moment (0.55 versus 0.36 N·m/kg). Furthermore, a NiTi spring offers an ankle torque-angle loop closer to that of the healthy subjects.
Cutting Edge Methods for Non-Invasive Disease Diagnosis Using E-Tongue and E-Nose Devices
Authors: Fitzgerald Jessica , Fenniri Hicham
Published: December 2017

Biomimetic cross-reactive sensor arrays (B-CRSAs) have been used to detect and diagnose a wide variety of diseases including metabolic disorders, mental health diseases, and cancer by analyzing both vapor and liquid patient samples. Technological advancements over the past decade have made these systems selective, sensitive, and affordable. To date, devices for non-invasive and accurate disease diagnosis have seen rapid improvement, suggesting a feasible alternative to current standards for medical diagnostics. This review provides an overview of the most recent B-CRSAs for diagnostics (also referred to electronic noses and tongues in the literature) and an outlook for future technological development.
Non-Clinical Models for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Therapeutic Approach and Drug Validation in Animal Models
Authors: Fernandez Caridad , López Jessica , Martinez Lázara
Published: December 2017

In 2016, 19.8% of the Cuban population was aged 60 or over. As a result, age-associated degenerative diseases and other diseases have become priority targets from a prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic perspective. As a result, the Cuban biomedical scientific community has addressed its basic, preclinical and epidemiological research in order to rise up to the challenge. A firm step in this direction has been the international congress “State of the art in non-clinical models for neurodegenerative diseases” which has brought together preclinical and clinical researchers, technicians and regulatory staff members from different countries to review the state of the art in neurodegenerations, find unifying ideas, objectives and collaborations or partnership. The objective is to expose the perspectives of new biotechnological products from Cuba and other countries from the diagnostic, therapeutic and neuroprotective point of view. It is crucial, therefore, that the irreplaceable role of laboratory animals in achieving these objectives is understood but they must be used in rational, adequate and ethical manner. We expose the current development trends in this field, being of common interest to the work directed to the search for potential drugs, diagnostic tools and the promotion of changes in lifestyle as a preventive projection.
Direct Carboxylation of C(sp3)-H and C(sp2)-H Bonds with CO2 by Transition-Metal-Catalyzed and Base-Mediated Reactions
Authors: Tommasi Immacolata
Published: December 2017

This review focuses on recent advances in the field of direct carboxylation reactions of C(sp3)-H and C(sp2)-H bonds using CO2 encompassing both transition-metal-catalysis and base-mediated approach. The review is not intended to be comprehensive, but aims to analyze representative examples from the literature, including transition-metal catalyzed carboxylation of benzylic and allylic C(sp3)-H functionalities using CO2 which is at a “nascent stage”. Examples of light-driven carboxylation reactions of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds are also considered. Concerning C(sp3)-H and C(sp2)-H deprotonation reactions mediated by bases with subsequent carboxylation of the carbon nucleophile, few examples of catalytic processes are reported in the literature. In spite of this, several examples of base-promoted reactions integrating “base recycling” or “base regeneration (through electrosynthesis)” steps have been reported. Representative examples of synthetically efficient, base-promoted processes are included in the review.
Novel Allyl Cobalt Phosphine Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Behavior in the Polymerization of Allene and 1,3-Dienes
Authors: Ricci Giovanni , Boccia Antonella , Leone Giuseppe , Forni Alessandra
Published: December 2017

Novel allyl cobalt complexes, i.e., (η3-C4H7)(η4-C4H6)Co(PCyPh2) (1), (η3-C4H7)(η4-C4H6)Co(PMePh2) (2) and (η3-C5H9)(η4-C5H8)Co(PMePh2) (3), were synthesized by reacting CoCl2(PRPh2)2 (R = methyl, cyclohexyl) with 1,3-butadiene or isoprene in presence of metallic zinc. The complexes were fully characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H and 2D experiments); in case of 1, single crystals, suitable for X-ray analysis, were obtained and the molecular structure was determined. The allyl cobalt phosphine complexes alone gave highly crystalline 1,2 polymers from 1,2-propadiene, but they did not polymerize 1,3-dienes. Nevertheless, in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of methylaluminoxane (MAO), they were able to polymerize 1,3-butadiene and substituted 1,3-butadienes such as isoprene, (E)-1,3-pentadiene, (E)-1,3-hexadiene, and (E)-3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene. Specifically, 1/MAO gave predominantly syndiotactic 1,2 polymers from 1,3-butadiene and terminally substituted 1,3-butadienes (e.g., 1,3-pentadiene and 1,3-hexadiene), but it was practically not active in the polymerization of internally substituted 1,3-butadienes (e.g., isoprene and 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene); 2/MAO and 3/MAO exhibited instead an opposite behavior, giving predominantly isotactic 1,2 polymers from 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, and showing very low activity in the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene and 1,3-hexadiene. The results obtained are interesting from the mechanistic point of view, and some hypotheses to explain this particular behavior were formulated.
A Positive Control for Detection of Functional CD4 T Cells in PBMC: The CPI Pool
Authors: Schiller Annemarie , Zhang Ting , Li Ruliang , Duechting Andrea , Sundararaman Srividya , Przybyla Anna , Kuerten Stefanie , Lehmann Paul
Published: December 2017

Testing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for immune monitoring purposes requires verification of their functionality. This is of particular concern when the PBMC have been shipped or stored for prolonged periods of time. While the CEF (Cytomegalo-, Epstein-Barr and Flu-virus) peptide pool has become the gold standard for testing CD8 cell functionality, a positive control for CD4 cells is so far lacking. The latter ideally consists of proteins so as to control for the functionality of the antigen processing and presentation compartments, as well. Aiming to generate a positive control for CD4 cells, we first selected 12 protein antigens from infectious/environmental organisms that are ubiquitous: Varicella, Influenza, Parainfluenza, Mumps, Cytomegalovirus, Streptococcus, Mycoplasma, Lactobacillus, Neisseria, Candida, Rubella, and Measles. Of these antigens, three were found to elicited interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD4 cells in the majority of human test subjects: inactivated cytomegalo-, parainfluenza-, and influenza virions (CPI). While individually none of these three antigens triggered a recall response in all donors, the pool of the three (the ‘CPI pool’), did. One hundred percent of 245 human donors tested were found to be CPI positive, including Caucasians, Asians, and African-Americans. Therefore, the CPI pool appears to be suitable to serve as universal positive control for verifying the functionality of CD4 and of antigen presenting cells.