bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of socioeconomic deprivation on the development of diabetic retinopathy: a population-based, cross-sectional and longitudinal study over 12 years
Authors: Low Liying , Law Jonathan P , Hodson James , McAlpine Ritchie , O'Colmain Una , MacEwen Caroline
Published: April 2015

Objective

To study the association between socioeconomic deprivation and prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Design

Population-based, cross-sectional observational study and retrospective longitudinal analysis over 12 years.

Setting

Primary care, East of Scotland.

Methods

Outcome data from DR screening examinations (digital retinal photography) were collected from the Scottish regional diabetes electronic record from inception of database to December 2012. The overall Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) 2012 score for each patient was obtained using their residential postcode. Multiple binary logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship between overall SIMD score and prevalence of DR, adjusting for other variables: age, gender, glycated haemoglobin, cholesterol levels and duration of disease.

Primary outcome

Any retinopathy (R1 and above) in either eye.

Results

A total of 1861 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 18 197 patients with type 2 DM were included in the study. Prevalence of DR in type 1 and type 2 DM were 56.3% and 25.5%, respectively. Increased prevalence of DR in type 1 DM was associated with higher overall SIMD score (p=0.002), with an OR for the most deprived relative to the least deprived of 2.40 (95% CI 1.36 to 4.27). In type 2 DM, the overall SIMD score was not significantly associated with increased prevalence of DR, with an OR for the most deprived relative to the least deprived of 0.85 (95% CI 0.71 to 1.02, p=0.07).

Conclusions

Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with increased prevalence of DR in patients with type 1 DM and this occurs earlier. This highlights the need for targeted interventions to address inequalities in eye healthcare.
Cobas 4800 HPV detection in the cervical, vaginal and urine samples of women with high-grade CIN before and after treatment
Authors: Stanczuk Grazyna A , Currie Heather , Baxter Gwen , Foster Adele , Gibson Lindsay , Graham Catriona , Cuschieri Kate
Published: April 2015

Aims

To assess the performance of a clinically validated human papillomavirus (HPV) test (the Cobas 4800 HPV test) in urine and self-taken vaginal specimens within a colposcopy population and to assess HPV prevalence before and after treatment across the different biospecimens.

Methods

A total of 100 women attending a colposcopy clinic provided three biospecimens (a clinician-taken liquid-based cytology sample (LBC), a self-taken vaginal sample and a urine sample) for HPV testing. HPV prevalence and concordance was compared across the biospecimens and clinical performance relative to the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2+ and CIN3+ was assessed. A total of 39 women retuned at 6 months for a post-treatment follow-up appointment, and HPV concordance in all biospecimens was measured relative to their original HPV status.

Results

65 cases of CIN2+ were detected in the baseline population; sensitivity for CIN2+ was 92% (82 to 97) for the vaginal and the LBC sample and 80.0 (68% to 88%) for the urine sample. In the follow-up (post treatment) population, women were twice as likely to be HPV positive in their urine or vaginal sample compared with the equivalent LBC sample.

Conclusions

Vaginal and LBC samples showed very similar performance for the detection of CIN2+ in this population using the Cobas HPV test; further validation of these findings in screening contexts will be of value. Self-taken samples may have less utility in a ‘test of cure’ setting—given the higher prevalence of HPV relative to LBC.
Achieving broadband electromagnetic transparency with transmission line metamaterials
Authors: Li Tinghua , Huang Ming , Yang Jingjing , Xu Xingui , Chen Min
Published: April 2015

Electromagnetic transparent device (ETD) capable of protecting the device inside without affecting its performance is a fascinating device with extensive application prospects. In this paper, an equivalent circuit method for realizing ETD using transmission line (TL) metamaterials is presented. The validity of such a method and the transparent effect of the device are demonstrated through the Agilent's Advanced Design System (ADS) circuit simulator. Moreover, the influence of the quality factor of lumped elements on the performance of the device and its broadband characteristics are also investigated. This work suggests an alternative way to achieve the broadband electromagnetic transparency and has great guiding significance for the practical fabrication of ETD.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF AQUATIC PHYSICAL THERAPY AND CONVENTIONAL PHYSICAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH LUMBAR SPINAL STENOSIS (A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL)
Authors: Homayouni Kaynoosh , Naseri Mahshid , Zaravar Foroozandeh , Zaravar Leila , Karimian Hajar
Published: April 2015

Purpose: To assess and compare the effect of aquatic and conventional physical therapy, two well-known non-operative therapeutic options in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Methods: 50 patients with low back pain and the diagnosis of LSS were recruited in this prospective parallel randomized controlled trial. Patients in group one were enrolled in aquatic therapy program and those in group two attended physical therapy sessions through application of physical modalities and receiving a home-based exercise program. Pain and walking ability were measured in each group before therapy, immediately after therapy and three months later. Results: Patients in both groups improved regarding pain either assessed immediately after therapy (repeated measure test, p < 0.001) or three months later (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001 for group one and p = 0.005 for group two). Functioning improved in both groups (repeated measure test, p < 0.001) but this advantage did not remain significant after three months follow up in group two (repeated measure test, p = 0.002 in group one and p = 0.181 in group two). Patients in group one had significantly more favorable outcome than group two regarding functioning (independent samples t-test, p = 0.02) and pain (Mann–Whitney test, p = 0.001); however, this superiority didn't sustain in long term follow up. Conclusion: Aquatic therapy can provide greater short term improvement in pain and functioning than conventional physical therapy in patients with LSS especially those with limited capability for exercise on land.
Nonlethal dose of silver nanoparticles attenuates TNF-α-induced hepatic epithelial cell death through HSP70 overexpression
Authors: Tsai Tsen-Ni , Lee Tzu-Ying , Liu Maw-Shung , Ho Jia-Jing , Huang Li-Ju , Liu Chia-Jen , Chen Tsan-Ju , Yang Rei-Cheng
Published: April 2015

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-nps) have been widely used in various biomedical products. Compared with its hazardous effects extensively being studied, rare attention has been paid to the potential protective effect of Ag-nps to human health. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of Ag-nps and heat shock treatment on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced cell damage in Clone 9 cells. Clone 9 cells were pretreated with nonlethal concentration of Ag-nps (1 μg/ml) or heat shock, and then cell damages were induced by TNF-α (1 ng/ml). Protective effects of Ag-nps administration or heat shock treatment were determined by examining the TNF-α-induced changes in cell viabilities. The results showed that the intensity of cytotoxicity produced by TNF-α was alleviated upon treatment with nonlethal concentration of Ag-nps (1 μg/ml). Similar protective effects were also found upon heat shock treatment. These data demonstrate that Ag-nps and heat shock treatment were equally capable of inducing heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) protein expression in Clone 9 cells. The results suggest that clinically Ag-nps administration is a viable strategy to induce endogenous HSP70 expression instead of applying heat shock. In conclusion, our study for the first time provides evidence that Ag-nps may act as a viable alternative for HSP70 induction clinically.
Dynamic dendritic compartmentalization underlies stimulus-specific adaptation in an insect neuron
Authors: Prešern Janez , Triblehorn Jeffrey D. , Schul Johannes
Published: April 2015

In many neural systems, repeated stimulation leads to stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA), with responses to repeated signals being reduced while responses to novel stimuli remain unaffected. The underlying mechanisms of SSA remain mostly hypothetical. One hypothesis is that dendritic processes generate SSA. Evidence for such a mechanism was recently described in an insect auditory interneuron (TN-1 in Neoconocephalus triops). Afferents, tuned to different frequencies, connect with different parts of the TN-1 dendrite. The specific adaptation of these inputs relies on calcium and sodium accumulation within the dendrite, with calcium having a transient and sodium a tonic effect. Using imaging techniques, we tested here whether the accumulation of these ions remained limited to the stimulated parts of the dendrite. Stimulation with a fast pulse rate, which results in strong adaptation, elicited a transient dendritic calcium signal. In contrast, the sodium signal was tonic, remaining high during the fast pulse rate stimulus. These time courses followed the predictions from the previous pharmacological experiments. The peak positions of the calcium and sodium signals differed with the carrier frequency of the stimulus; at 15 kHz, peak locations were significantly more rostral than at 40 kHz. This matched the predictions made from neuroanatomical data. Our findings confirm that excitatory postsynaptic potentials rather than spiking cause the increase of dendritic calcium and sodium concentrations and that these increases remain limited to the stimulated parts of the dendrite. This supports the hypothesis of “dynamic dendritic compartmentalization” underlying SSA in this auditory interneuron.
Spectroscopic and Thermogravimetric Investigation of Cd(II) Dinonyldithiophosphate: Removal of Cadmium from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Biricik Nermin , Gümgüm Hadice Budak , Gümgüm Bahattin
Published: April 2015

Dinonyldithiophosphoric acid (HDDTP) was synthesised from the reaction of phosphorus pentasulphide and nonyl alcohol. Dinonyldithiophosphate complex of cadmium [Cd(DDTP)2] was prepared by mixing solutions of Cd(II) with HDDTP in ethanol at room temperature. The acid and its complex were characterised by elemental analysis and spectroscopy. The thermal behaviour of Cd(DNDTP)2was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Removal of Cd(II) from aqueous media by HDDTP solution was also studied. The optimum conditions for removal of Cd(II) were investigated for effects of solvent, pH, contact time, concentration, and inorganic anions. Cd(II) was quantitatively removed from aqueous solutions at the pH range of0.5<pH<6, under the conditions that the stoichiometric ratio of HDDTP/Cd(II) ≥2/1. It can be stated that contact of the Cd(II) with HDDTP was sufficient for quantitative removing of cadmium from acidic aqueous solutions.
Genomic and Functional Analysis of the E3 Ligase PARK2 in Glioma
Authors: Lin De-Chen , Xu Liang , Chen Ye , Yan Haiyan , Hazawa Masaharu , Doan Ngan , Said Jonathan W. , Ding Ling-Wen , Liu Li-Zhen , Yang Henry , Yu Shizhu , Kahn Michael , Yin Dong , Koeffler H. Phillip
Published: April 2015

PARK2 (PARKIN) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase whose dysfunction has been associated with the progression of Parkinsonism and human malignancies, and its role in cancer remains to be explored. In this study, we report that PARK2 is frequently deleted and underexpressed in human glioma, and low PARK2 expression is associated with poor survival. Restoration of PARK2 significantly inhibited glioma cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, whereas depletion of PARK2 promoted cell proliferation. PARK2 attenuated both Wnt- and EGF-stimulated pathways through downregulating the intracellular level of β-catenin and EGFR. Notably, PARK2 physically interacted with both β-catenin and EGFR. We further found that PARK2 promoted the ubiquitination of these two proteins in an E3 ligase activity-dependent manner. Finally, inspired by these newly identified tumor-suppressive functions of PARK2, we tested and proved that combination of small-molecule inhibitors targeting both Wnt–β-catenin and EGFR–AKT pathways synergistically impaired glioma cell viability. Together, our findings uncover novel cancer-associated functions of PARK2 and provide a potential therapeutic approach to treat glioma. Cancer Res; 75(9); 1815–27. ©2015 AACR.
Aurora A Kinase Inhibition Selectively Synergizes with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor through Cytokinesis Failure in T-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Zullo Kelly M. , Guo Yige , Cooke Laurence , Jirau-Serrano Xavier , Mangone Michael , Scotto Luigi , Amengual Jennifer E. , Mao Yinghui , Nandakumar Renu , Cremers Serge , Duong Jimmy , Mahadevan Daruka , O'Connor Owen A.
Published: April 2015

Purpose: Aurora A kinase (AAK) is expressed exclusively during mitosis, and plays a critical role in centrosome duplication and spindle formation. Alisertib is a highly selective AAK inhibitor that has demonstrated marked clinical activity of alisertib across a spectrum of lymphomas, though particularly in patients with T-cell lymphoma (TCL). We sought to compare and contrast the activity of alisertib in preclinical models of B-cell lymphoma (BCL) and TCL, and identify combinations worthy of clinical study. High-throughput screening of pralatrexate, the proteasome inhibitor (ixazomib), and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (romidepsin) revealed that only romidepsin synergized with alisertib, and only in models of TCL. We discovered that the mechanism of synergy between AAK inhibitors and HDAC inhibitors appears to be mediated through cytokinesis failure.

Experimental Design: A high-throughput screening approach was used to identify drugs that were potentially synergistic in combination with alisertib. Live-cell imaging was used to explore the mechanistic basis for the drug: drug interaction between alisertib and romidepsin. An in vivo xenograft TCL model was used to confirm in vitro results.

Results: In vitro, alisertib exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in BCL and TCL cell lines. Alisertib was synergistic with romidepsin in a T-cell–specific fashion that was confirmed in vivo. Live-cell imaging demonstrated that the combination treatment resulted in profound cytokinesis failure.

Conclusions: These data strongly suggest that the combination of alisertib and romidepsin is highly synergistic in TCL through modulation of cytokinesis and merits clinical development. Clin Cancer Res; 21(18); 4097–109. ©2015 AACR.
Fibronectin extra domain A stabilises atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E and in LDL-receptor-deficient mice
Authors: Venu Vivek Krishna Pulakazhi , Uboldi Patrizia , Dhyani Ashish , Patrini Alessandro , Baetta Roberta , Ferri Nicola , Corsini Alberto , Muro Andrés F. , Catapano Alberico Luigi , Norata Giuseppe Danilo
Published: April 2015

The primary transcript of fibronectin undergoes alternative splicing in the cassette-type EDA and EDB exons and in the IIICs segment to generate different protein isoforms. Human carotid atherosclerotic plaques with a more stable phenotype are enriched with EDA containing fibronectin (FN-EDA). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of EDA containing fibronectin during atherogenesis. Mice constitutively expressing or lacking the EDA domain of fibronectin (EDA+/+ or EDA-/-) were crossed with ApoE-/- or LDL-R-/- mice and fed with a western type diet for 12 weeks. Lack of FN-EDA resulted in reduced atherosclerosis and in a plaque phenotype characterised by decreased calponin positive VSMC’s (-15 %) and increased macrophages (+20 %). This was paralleled by increased MMP2, MMP9, and reduced TIMP2, collagen 1A1, 1A2 and 3A1 gene expression compared to that of wild-type and EDA+/+ mice. In vitro, VSMCs and macrophages isolated from EDA-/- mice showed increased MMPs expression and activity compared to wild-type or EDA+/+ mice. Albumin-Cre recombinase/ EDA+/+/ApoE-/- mice, which produce EDA containing FN only in peripheral tissues, presented an extension, a composition and a gene expression pattern in the atherosclerotic lesions similar to that of controls. The inclusion of EDA in FN results in larger atherosclerotic plaques compared to mice lacking EDA but with a more favourable phenotype in two animals models of atherosclerosis. This effect depends on the EDA-containing fibronectin produced by cells in the vasculature but not in the liver. These observations set the stage for investigating the properties of circulating EDA containing FN in improving plaque stability.
Inhibitors in nonsevere haemophilia A: outcome and eradication strategies
Authors: van Velzen Alice S. , Eckhardt Corien L. , Hart Daniel P. , Peters Marjolein , Rangarajan Savita , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Smiers Frans J. , Khair Kate , Petrini Pia , Jimenez-Yuste Victor , Hay Charles R. M. , van der Bom Johanna G. , Yee Thynn T. , Fijnvandraat Karin ,   for the INSIGHT study group
Published: April 2015

In nonsevere haemophilia A (HA) patients the presence of an inhibitor may exacerbate the bleeding phenotype dramatically. There are very limited data on the optimal therapeutic approach to eradicate inhibitors in these patients. We aimed to describe inhibitor eradication treatment in a large cohort of unselected nonsevere HA patients with inhibitors. We included 101 inhibitor patients from a source population of 2,709 nonsevere HA patients (factor VIII 2–40 IU/dl), treated in Europe and Australia (median age 37 years, interquartile range (IQR) 15–60; median peak titre 7 BU/ml, IQR 2–30). In the majority of the patients (71 %; 72/101) the inhibitor disappeared; either spontaneously (70 %, 51/73) or after eradication treatment (75 %, 21/28). Eradication treatment strategies varied widely, including both immune tolerance induction and immunosuppression. Sustained success (no inhibitor after rechallenge with factor VIII concentrate after inhibitor disappearance) was achieved in 64 % (30/47) of those patients rechallenged with FVIII concentrate. In high-titre inhibitor patients sustained success was associated with eradication treatment (unadjusted relative risk 2.3, 95 % confidence interval 1.3–4.3), compared to no eradication treatment. In conclusion, in nonsevere HA patients most inhibitors disappear spontaneously. However, in 35 % (25/72) of these patients an anamnestic response still can occur when rechallenged, thus disappearance in these patients does not always equal sustained response. Treatment for those requiring eradication has to be decided case by case, as one single approach is unlikely to be appropriate for all.

Study was carried out in: Emma Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Direito à saúde e democracia sanitária: experiências brasileiras
Authors: Aith Fernando Mussa Abujamra
Published: April 2015

Apresentação do Tema em Debate sobre democracia sanitária no Brasil.
A tradução como comunhão espiritual
Authors: Murata Yasuko
Published: April 2015

Este estudo esclarece em primeiro lugar duas atitudes contrastantes em literatura e, em seguida, interpreta o significado do próprio ato de traduzir com um sentido paradoxal da história como uma idéia central e, ao final, demostra alguns casos de dificuldades reais encontradas pela autora deste estudo no processo de uma tradução.
Formar en terminología: una nueva experiencia docente
Authors: Cabré Maria Teresa , Estopà Rosa
Published: April 2015

Neste trabalho, apresentamos a primeira parte de uma experiência docente que estamos desenvolvendo em diferentes cursos de formação destinados a estudantes com formação lingüística e sem conhecimento de outras áreas de especialidade. A inovação da experiência apóia-se basicamente em três pontos: em primeiro lugar, no fato de que se considera que o estudante será capaz de trabalhar em terminologia, aumentando, paralelamente, sua competência lingüística, cognitiva e funcional a partir da aquisição de habilidades; em segundo lugar, no fato de que se centra uma grande atenção no trabalho a ser realizado e se toma decisões durante o desenvolvimento do processo somente em função do trabalho definido; e, em terceiro lugar, na seleção de uma apresentação dos dados totalmente coerente com a definição do trabalho.

No presente estudo, limitamo-nos a tratar das primeiras fases do trabalho terminológico, desde a apresentação do tema e a aquisição de conhecimento até a elaboração do fichário de pesquisa. Numa segunda parte, descreveremos a experiência com a elaboração do fichário terminológico (sua análise, revisão, apresentação e edição).
Translation corpora in contrastive research, translation and language learning
Authors: Schmied Josef
Published: April 2015

O presente artigo analisa o papel de corpora de tradução em todos os âmbitos da pesquisa lingüística contrastiva. Na última década, a Lingüística de Corpus se transformou numa metodologia nova, poderosa e de fácil acesso, que impulsionou a maioria das disciplinas tradicionais da lingüística. Assim, os corpora de tradução revitalizaram todas as áreas de estudo comparativas, já que podem ser usados, com proveito tanto nos estudos lingüísticos contrastivos quanto na tradução e no ensino e aprendizado de língua. Estudos baseados em corpora de tradução são bastante difundidos entre os falantes não-nativos de inglês, uma vez que constituem uma fonte confiável para a análise da língua, que não depende da introspecção. Por agruparem uma perspectiva tanto quantitativa quanto qualitativa, são particularmente interessantes no caso de fenômenos que indicam gradação, como a escala verbo auxiliar-de ligação-pleno, que fornece o campo de teste empírico para a maior parte deste trabalho. As possibilidades oferecidas por corpora de tradução são ilustradas com o uso de exemplos extraídos do Corpus de Tradução Inglês-Alemão Chemnitz, que focalizam em especial três estudos de caso: o uso de help como auxiliar, os verbos de ligação appear/seem e o modal may/might.
Um painel sobre as obras de Jack Kerouac traduzidas no Brasil na década de 1980
Authors: Costa Marco Antônio Margarido
Published: April 2015

O objetivo do presente texto é analisar uma seleta da fortuna crítica de obras de Jack Kerouac (1922-1969) traduzidas no Brasil, na década de 1980. A saber: On the road: pé na estrada, Os subterrâneos, Viajante solitário, O livro dos sonhos e Big Sur. Resultado da pesquisa em fontes primárias, esta análise faz parte da nossa dissertação de mestrado, que, além de fornecer e analisar essa seleta, buscou mostrar o primeiro momento da recepção da obra de Jack Kerouac no Brasil, reconstituir a polêmica gerada acerca das publicações dos textos beat no Brasil e revelar alguns escritores brasileiros que foram influenciados pelos artistas da beat generation, movimento literário norte-americano ocorrido nos anos 1950, ao qual Jack Kerouac pertenceu. O presente artigo mostra, a partir de algumas críticas – ou da relação entre elas –, como Kerouac foi visto no Brasil via tradução, fornecendo assim um painel sobre sua recepção, avaliando o tratamento que lhe foi dado e reconstituindo uma visão do espaço que ocupou na imprensa brasileira.
Explicitação e Omissão de categorias culturais em Flores raras e banalíssimas e Rare and Commonplace Flowers: um estudo baseado em corpus de pequena dimensão
Authors: Fernandes Alinne Balduino Pires , Vasconcellos Maria Lúcia Barbosa de
Published: April 2015

No contexto das relações tradutórias entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos, investigam-se os fenômenos de explicitação e omissão de categorias culturais em um corpus paralelo bilíngüe de pequena dimensão, constituído de Flores raras e banalíssimas (texto de partida – TP) (Oliveira, 1995) e Rare and commonplace flowers (texto de chegada – TC) (tradução de Besner, 2002). Este estudo descreve as ocorrências de tais fenômenos no corpus examinado, visando responder às seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: (i) qual a freqüência de explicitação e/ou omissão de itens culturais em Rare and Commonplace Flowers? (ii) que categorias culturais mais sofrem explicitações ou omissões? Como ferramenta para auxílio de buscas e contagem de itens, utiliza-se o software Wordsmith (Scott, 1998). Os resultados apontam para a tendência de preservar categorias culturais no TC, muitas vezes com o recurso da explicitação, em função de motivações contextuais.
Análise da tradução de colocações adverbiais de The Bad Beginning (Mau Começo), de Lemony Snicket, para o português, sob a luz da Linguística de Corpus
Authors: Santos Andréa Geraldo dos
Published: April 2015

O boom de traduções de livros infanto-juvenis escritos em inglês verificado nas últimas décadas não só auxiliou a melhoria da qualidade desse tipo de tradução como também atraiu o interesse acadêmico para essa produção (Van Coillie & Verschueren, 2006). Ao mesmo tempo, nota-se que há uma alteração na abordagem feita por esses estudos acadêmicos: ela deixa de ser prescritiva, com foco no texto de partida, para ser descritiva, com ênfase no texto de chegada. Neste artigo procuramos demonstrar como, através da Linguística de Corpus, é possível analisar a tradução de um texto literário de modo descritivo. Para isso, levantamos as opções encontradas pelo tradutor para as colocações adverbiais mais frequentes no livro infanto-juvenil The Bad Beginning, de Lemony Snicket, verificando que, na maioria das ocorrências, a tradução foi adequada ao texto de chegada (português), apesar da dificuldade de se encontrar equivalentes para esse grupo colocacional em dicionários bilíngues.
Gesto, Oralidade, Escritura e Tradução: A emergência das línguas de sinais e o primado fonológico dos estudos linguísticos.
Authors: Schramm Junior Roberto Mário
Published: April 2015

Este ensaio pretende refletir acerca de certos problemas decorrentes do primado da fala e da oralidade na constituição da ciência Linguística. Partimos da consideração das línguas gestuais e tentamos demonstrar o quão desconfortáveis podem parecer alguns dos conceitos da ciência da linguagem que expressam o privilégio da fala fonética no estabelecimento dos conceitos-chave da Linguística estrutural. Para tanto, discutiremos esses conceitos no âmbito da passagem do modelo semiológico do século XX para um paradigma multimodal que emerge no século XXI. Ademais, confrontaremos as abordagens 'oralistas' e 'textualistas' com as questões que emergem do estudo das linguagens gestuais. Nossa tese: a dimensão gestual é uma modalidade constituinte do discurso tanto quanto a fala e a escrita; de modo que a discursividade plena se resolve num modelo tradutivo, onde cada modalidade se refere, esclarece e complementa a seguinte.
Literatura universal: a tradução na época de Goethe
Authors: Roothaer Roger
Published: April 2015

Neste artigo são analisados diferentes aspectos da tradução no período mais profícuo da tradução literária na Alemanha, através de uma grande variedade de citações históricas de escritores que se manifestaram sobre a recepção literária ou atuaram como tradutores no final do séc. XVIII e no início do séc. XIX, como Schiller, Goethe, Schlegel e outros.
Association Between Perioperative Dexmedetomidine and Arrhythmias After Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Shuplock Jacqueline M. , Smith Andrew H. , Owen Jill , Van Driest Sara L. , Marshall Matt , Saville Benjamin , Xu Meng , Radbill Andrew E. , Fish Frank A. , Kannankeril Prince J.
Published: April 2015

Background—

Dexmedetomidine is commonly used after congenital heart surgery and may be associated with a decreased incidence of postoperative tachyarrhythmias. Using a large cohort of patients undergoing congenital heart surgery, we examined for an association between dexmedetomidine use in the immediate postoperative period and subsequent arrhythmia development.

Methods and Results—

A total of 1593 surgical procedures for congenital heart disease were performed. Dexmedetomidine was administered in the immediate postoperative period after 468 (29%) surgical procedures. When compared with 1125 controls, the group receiving dexmedetomidine demonstrated significantly fewer tachyarrhythmias (29% versus 38%;
P
<0.001), tachyarrhythmias receiving intervention (14% versus 23%;
P
<0.001), bradyarrhythmias (18% versus 22%;
P
=0.03), and bradyarrhythmias receiving intervention (12% versus 16%;
P
=0.04). After propensity score matching with 468 controls, the arrhythmia incidence between groups became similar: tachyarrhythmias (29% versus 31%;
P
=0.66), tachyarrhythmias receiving intervention (14% versus 17%;
P
=0.16), bradyarrhythmias (18% versus 15%;
P
=0.44), and bradyarrhythmias receiving intervention (12% versus 9%;
P
=0.17). After excluding controls exposed to dexmedetomidine at a later time in the hospitalization, dexmedetomidine was associated with increased odds of bradyarrhythmias receiving intervention (odds ratio, 2.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–4.65). Furthermore, there was a dose-dependent increase in the odds of bradyarrhythmias (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.07) and bradyarrhythmias receiving intervention (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.08).

Conclusions—

Although dexmedetomidine exposure in the immediate postoperative period is not associated with a clinically meaningful difference in the incidence of tachyarrhythmias after congenital heart surgery, it may be associated with increased odds of bradyarrhythmias.
Improved Low-Cloud Simulation from the Community Atmosphere Model with an Advanced Third-Order Turbulence Closure
Authors: Cheng Anning , Xu Kuan-Man
Published: April 2015

In this study, a simplified intermediately prognostic higher-order turbulence closure (IPHOC) is implemented in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5), to provide a consistent treatment of subgrid-scale cloud processes, except for deep convection. The planetary boundary layer (PBL) height is prognosticated to better resolve the discontinuity of temperature and moisture above the PBL top. Single-column model tests show that fluxes of liquid water potential temperature and total water, cloud fraction, and liquid water content are improved with this approach. The simplified IPHOC package replaces the boundary layer dry and moist turbulence parameterizations, the shallow convection parameterization, and the liquid-phase part of the cloud macrophysics parameterization in CAM5. CAM5-IPHOC improves the simulation of the low-level clouds off the west coasts of continents and the storm track region in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). The transition from stratocumulus to cumulus clouds is more gradual. There are also improvements on the cloud radiative forcing, especially shortwave, in the subsidence regime. The improvements in the relationships among low cloud amount, surface relative humidity, lower tropospheric stability, and PBL depth are seen in some stratocumulus regions. CAM5-IPHOC, however, produces weaker precipitation at the South Pacific convergence zone than CAM5 because of less energy flux into the SH atmosphere. The more downward surface shortwave radiative cooling and the less top-of-the-atmosphere longwave cloud radiative heating in the SH relative to the Northern Hemisphere explains the anomalous cooling and the lesser energy flux into the SH, which is related to the underestimate of extratropical middle/high clouds in the SH.
Surface fractal topography-based contact stiffness determination of spindle–toolholder joint
Authors: Zhao Yongsheng , Song Xiaolei , Cai Ligang , Liu Zhifeng , Cheng Qiang
Published: April 2015

Accurate modeling of contact stiffness is crucial in predicting the dynamic behavior and chatter vibration of spindle–toolholder system for high-speed machining centers. This paper presents a fractal theory-based contact model of spindle–toolholder joint to obtain the contact stiffness and its real contact area. Topography of the contact surfaces of spindle–toolholder joint is fractal featured and determined by fractal parameters. Asperities in micro-scale are considered as elastic or plastic deformation. Then, the contact stiffness, the real contact area, the elastic contact force, and the plastic contact force of the whole contact surface are calculated by integrating the micro asperities. The relationship of the contact stiffness and the drawbar force follows a power law, in which the power index is determined by the fractal parameters. Experiments are conducted to verify the efficiency of the proposed model. The results from the fractal contact model of spindle–toolholder joint have good agreement with those of experiments.
The Outcomes of Vocational Interventions
Authors: Brown Steven D. , Roche Meghan
Published: April 2015

The purposes of this article are to (a) summarize the status of career intervention research since Spokane and Oliver’s seminal meta-analysis of vocational intervention outcome and (b) discuss in more detail a recently proposed method for determining whether career interventions make a difference in the lives of clients (clinical significance). Although several excellent meta-analyses of the career intervention outcome literature have appeared since 1983, we briefly summarize the meta-analytic results, discuss future research directions that were suggested by the meta-analyses, and evaluate our progress in addressing suggestions. The bulk of the article focuses on summarizing how clinical significance of career outcomes can be addressed, presenting normative data that can be used to address clinical significance questions with several widely used outcome measures, and illustrating clinical significance calculations using published career intervention studies.
The Trends in Utilizing Nonvitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kilickiran Avci Burcak , Vatan Bulent , Ozden Tok Ozge , Aidarova Tamara , Sahinkus Salih , Uygun Turgut , Gunduz Huseyin , Karakaya Osman , Yuksel Husniye , Ongen Zeki
Published: April 2015

Dabigatran and rivaroxaban are novel nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) approved for thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation (AF). In Turkey, like other countries, the efficacy of translation of the clinical trial results and current guideline recommendations into daily clinical practice is yet to be discovered. Using data from medical records of three tertiary care cardiology centers, we identified patients with nonvalvular AF on dabigatran or rivaroxaban treatment. Baseline characteristics and utilization trends were compared between dabigatran and rivaroxaban groups. Secondarily, clinical events including ischemic stroke and/or transient ischemic attack, systemic embolism, and bleeding were evaluated. Among 294 patients with AF included, dabigatran was utilized in 177 (60.2%) and rivaroxaban in 117 (39.8%). Overall, 76% of patients had received long-term warfarin therapy. The use of 110 mg twice a day (55.4%) was the prevailing strategy in dabigatran group, whereas in rivaroxaban group 20 mg every day (67.5%) was the preferred option. Of the patients, 37.3% had severe valvular disease in which mitral regurgitation was the predominant valve abnormality. Scores of CHADS2, CHA2DS2VASc, and HAS-BLED were similar in both the groups. Of the patients, 24% in dabigatran group and 13.7% in rivaroxaban group were prescribed the lower dose inappropriately. The two NOACs did not differ significantly in terms of clinical events. The results of this study indicate that in daily practice, the physicians’ behavior in utilizing the NOACs is shaped by the clinical trials and the guideline recommendations. On the other hand, in dose selection, this adherence is not of high quality.
The biocompatibility of calcium phosphate cements containing alendronate-loaded PLGA microparticlesin vitro
Authors: Li Yu-Hua , Wang Zhen-Dong , Wang Wei , Ding Chang-Wei , Zhang Hao-Xuan , Li Jian-Min
Published: April 2015

The composite of poly-lactic- co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and calcium phosphate cements (CPC) are currently widely used in bone tissue engineering. However, the properties and biocompatibility of the alendronate-loaded PLGA/CPC (APC) porous scaffolds have not been characterized. APC scaffolds were prepared by a solid/oil/water emulsion solvent evaporation method. The morphology, porosity, and mechanical strength of the scaffolds were characterized. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from rabbit were cultured, expanded and seeded on the scaffolds, and the cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, cell cycle and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs were determined. The results showed that the APC scaffolds had a porosity of 67.43 ± 4.2% and pore size of 213 ± 95 µm. The compressive strength for APC was 5.79 ± 1.21 MPa, which was close to human cancellous bone. The scanning electron microscopy, cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry and ALP activity revealed that the APC scaffolds had osteogenic potential on the BMSCs in vitro and exhibited excellent biocompatibility with engineered bone tissue. APC scaffolds exhibited excellent biocompatibility and osteogenesis potential and can potentially be used for bone tissue engineering.
Sonographic Assessment of Ovarian Embryonal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bingham Kassandra
Published: April 2015

Ovarian embryonal cell carcinoma is an uncommon ovarian germ cell tumor. This case study is a report of a patient referred for sonography based on abdominal pain and abnormal levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG). A large heterogeneous pelvic mass was characterized by sonography and was surgically proven to be a malignant ovarian embryonal cell carcinoma.
Amine-immobilized Three-dimensional Wormhole Mesostructured MSU-J Silica for CO2 Adsorption: Effect of Amine Loading and Temperature on the Adsorption Capacity
Authors: Jiao Jian , Cao Jing , Lv Pan P
Published: April 2015

Large-pore mesoporous silica (MSU-J) with wormhole framework structure was prepared and modified with triethylenetetramine (TETA) by wet-impregnation. It was used as adsorbent for CO2. The hydrolyzing mesoporous silica was prepared by boiling the MSU-J in distilled water. CO2 adsorption capacity was investigated at different temperatures and TETA loadings. The results showed that adsorption capacity decreased with increase of adsorption temperature. Increase of TETA content increased CO2 adsorption. Repeated adsorption/desorption cycles showed that amine-impregnated materials were efficient in CO2 adsorption.
Synthesis of Fluorescent Hollow Silica Nanoparticles and Application in Detecting Hypochlorite
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhu Yue-Hong , Zhou Guang-Gai , Liu Wei-Liang , Zhang Xian , Cai Xiao-Xia , Liu Qin-Ze , Wang Xin-Qiang
Published: April 2015

In this paper, fluorescent hollow silica nanoparticles (FHSNs) have been used for the detection of hypochlorite by monitoring fluorescence intensity changes. The fluorescent and sensing properties of the FHSNs were dramatically improved compared to those of the corresponding free probes. With unique hollow structure and strong fluorescence, the FHSNs have potential applications in the fields of biology and medicine.
Particle-dressed, Silica Shell-isolated Cavity Architectures for Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Du Yuanchun , Yang Sen , Li Huanhuan , Chen Shu , Hu Jiawen
Published: April 2015

Particle-dressed, SiO2 shell-isolated cavity architectures were fabricated. These architectures, owing to their structured surface and substantial hot spots created by particle–cavity interaction, showed reproducible, improved surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity relative to Au nanoparticles immobilized on a glass slide.
Sombreamento na produção inicial de hastes florais de Strelitzia reginae em Acorizal, MT
Authors: Fava Carmen Lúcia Ferreira , Giachini Roseli Muniz , Silva José Luiz da , Antunes Júnior Mário Zortéa , Silva Tonny José Araújo da
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the solar radiation effect in greenhouses for initial production of flower stalks of Strelitzia reginae. We evaluated number, height, diameter and fresh weight of buds and inflorescence lengths. The yield was higher in full sun, with 37 flower stalks and fresh weight of 100.2 g, followed by A3 environmental, with 24 rods and medium weight which did not differ significantly from the previous 18 and A5 showed rods with variables similar to previous environments, but with fresh weight (79.74 g) and diameters inferior to the other environments, while the A2 and A4 environments did not yield. The number, height, diameter and fresh weight of stems, reaching its highest values in environments with up to 30% shade and in conditions where light is limited, there is delay in the initial production of flower stalks. The radiation ensures the production process, but when it focuses directly on the plant, combined with other environmental factors like temperature and relative humidity, affects the pattern of trade of culture.
Making All Children Count: Teach For All and the Universalizing Appeal of Data
Authors: Friedrich Daniel , Walter Mia , Colmenares Erica
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we argue that in order to bind Teach For All’s universal/izing statement of problems and solutions to the specificities and the special conditions of member programs’ local contexts, what is needed is a shared set of discursive practices, a way of bringing together the commonalities found in each country while separating the noise of particular politics and histories. That common set of discursive practices is shaped around the notion of data. This paper is structured as follows: First, we contextualize Teach for All by (briefly) juxtaposing the universal and specific elements of the network, including the organization’s mission, target population, its recruits (and recruiting tactics), vision, and its production of a particular kind of teacher. Then, we present the two competing, yet complementary, logics of data that are at play in Teach for All – the use of data itself and the notion of data speak – along with their underlying assumptions. We conclude by questioning the logics of this set of discursive practices, and outline our skepticism regarding how data is mobilized to produce particular subjectivities and objects.
The Lifelong Learning in the Field of Employment Policy in Slovakia
Authors: Hužovičová Mária , Jakúbek Peter
Published: April 2015

The rate of employment (or vice versa the rate of unemployment) is an important indicator of economic maturity and quality of life in a particular country. Compared to other countries of the European Union, unemployment in the Slovak Republic is a serious problem. Improving the quality and the efficiency of Slovak educational institutions can be one of the ways how to struggle with this problem. The Slovak economy has been transformed from planned economy to market economy, and, therefore, retraining, re-educations and improvement (in the field of industry and services) have been required. The Institute of Lifelong Learning is very helpful in this field. The article deals with shortcomings of the Institute of Lifelong Learning and it points out the reality leading to drawbackks. It also concerns the following possibilities, which might improve the current situation. In a theoretical analysis of the current state, we define the basic terms and problems in this field.
A perspective on role of calcium and vitamin D in cardiovascular outcomes and lipid profile
Authors: Arora Tarun , Rehan Harmeet Singh
Published: April 2015

Recent concerns on increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke on administration of calcium and vitamin D supplements have alarmed the physicians about safety of these drugs. Although both calcium and vitamin D have been shown in the past to have beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease status through lowering of harmful lipids, these findings have been contradicted by some recent meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials that have shown no beneficial or in some cases a deteriorating effect of these supplements on lipid levels. In particular, calcium supplementation has been associated more with increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity than vitamin D, but the convincing proof is still lacking. Here we have highlighted the results of some significant studies that might impact the prescription of these drugs.
Der Erste Weltkrieg – Jahrestagsgedenken, neue Forschungen und Debatten einhundert Jahre nach seinem Beginn
Authors: Epkenhans Michael
Published: April 2015

Vorspann

Der einhundertste Jahrestag des Beginns des Ersten Weltkriegs wurde von einer Debatte von überraschender Wucht begleitet. Im Fokus stand einmal mehr die Frage nach der Verantwortung für seine Auslösung und vor allem die Antwort, die Christopher Clark mit seinem monumentalen Werk „Die Schlafwandler“ darauf gegeben hat. Doch das Echo des Zentenariums war noch viel breiter: Eine Fülle von Veranstaltungen, weitere schwergewichtige Studien und geschichtspolitische Debatten um das deutsche Selbstverständnis. Michael Epkenhans, Leitender Wissenschaftler des Zentrums für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr, nimmt eine kritische Sichtung der intellektuellen Erträge des Gedenkjahres 2014 vor.
Surgical management of left ventricular outflow obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Howell Neil , Bradlow William
Published: April 2015

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the single most common form of inherited heart disease. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is a recognised feature of this condition which arises when blood leaving the outflow tract is impeded by systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. In an important minority of patients, breathlessness, chest pain and syncope may result and persist despite the use of medications. In suitable candidates, surgery may relieve obstruction and its associated symptoms, and normalise life expectancy. Refinements in surgical techniques have marked improvements in the understanding of mechanisms underlying LVOTO. In this review, we hope to provide the reader with an understanding of how contemporary surgical practice has developed, which patients should be considered for surgery, and what results are anticipated. The role echocardiography plays in this area is highlighted throughout.