bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of S100B/RAGE-Enhanced ADAM17 Activation in Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zou Zhimin , Li Li , Li Qin , Zhang Kun , Liu Chengyong , Cai Daozhang , Maegele Marc , Gu Zhengtao , Huang Qiaobing
Published: September 2021

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the main causes for disability and death worldwide. While the primary mechanical injury cannot be avoided, the prevention of secondary injury is the focus of TBI research. Present study aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of S100B and its receptor RAGE on mediating secondary injury after TBI. Methods: This study established TBI animal model by fluid percussion injury in rats, cell model by stretch-injured in astrocytes, and endothelial injury model with conditioned medium stimulation. Pharmacological intervention was applied to interfere the activities of S100B/RAGE/ADAM17 signaling pathway, respectively. The expressions or contents of S100B, RAGE, syndecan-1 and ADAM17 in brain and serum, as well as in cultured cells and medium, were detected by western blot. The distribution of relative molecules was observed with immunofluorescence. Results: We found that TBI could activate the release of S100B, mostly from astrocytes, and S100B and RAGE could mutually regulate their expression and activation. Most importantly, present study revealed an obvious increase of syndecan-1 in rat serum or in endothelial cultured medium after injury, and a significant decrease in tissue and in cultured endothelial cells, indicating TBI-induced shedding of endothelial glycocalyx. The data further proved that the activation of S100B/RAGE signaling could promote the shedding of endothelial glycocalyx by enhancing the expression, translocation and activity of ADAM17, an important sheddase, in endothelial cells. The damage of endothelial glycocalyx consequently aggravated blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and systemic vascular hyper-permeability, overall resulting in secondary brain and lung injury. Conclusions: TBI triggers the activation of S100B/RAGE signal pathway. The regulation S100B/RAGE on ADAM17 expression, translocation and activation further promotes the shedding of endothelial glycocalyx, aggravates the dysfunction of BBB, and increases the vascular permeability, leading to secondary brain and lung injury. Present study may open a new corridor for the more in-depth understanding of the molecular processes responsible for cerebral and systemic vascular barrier impairment and secondary injury after TBI.
Hepatocyte CREBZF-osteopontin axis controls fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Ma Fengguang , Liu Yuxiao , Hu Zhimin , Xue Yaqian , Liu Zhengshuai , Cai Genxiang , Su Weitong , Zheng Zengpeng , Ding Dong , Sun Xiaoyang , Jiang Yang , Wei Shuang , Li Wenjing , Xu Yong , Xiao Dongguang , Zhang Cuiying , Gao Xin , Dai Xiaozhen , Li Yu , Cui Aoyuan
Published: September 2021

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has emerged as a leading cause of chronic liver disease. The incomplete understanding of NASH fibrosis limits pharmacotherapy development. Here we report a molecular link between hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in regulating the progression of liver fibrosis via CREBZF-osteopontin (OPN) axis. Hepatocyte-specific CREBZF knockout (CREBZF LKO) mice and their wild-type littermates were divided into groups that were placed on AMLN, MCD or chow diet. Mouse primary hepatocytes were treated with 250 μM PA and 10 ng/ml TNFα, the conditioned medium was collected and then transferred to HSC-T6 cells for 24 hours. Adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of OPN or CREBZF was performed in mice via tail vail injection. Human studies have shown that deregulation of CREBZF is associated with pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia. Here, we show that CREBZF is markedly elevated in livers of NASH mice, whereas hepatocyte-specific CREBZF knockout mice are prevented from AMLN or MCD diet-induced hepatic inflammation, liver injury and fibrosis. In vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies revealed that a key mechanism linking hepatocyte CREBZF to NASH fibrosis is miR-6964-3p-mediated inhibition of OPN, an extracellular matrix protein that activates fibrogenic genes in hepatic stellate cells. Moreover, the reduction of NASH phenotypes in CREBZF LKO mice was reversed by adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of OPN. Thus, CREBZF-OPN axis represents a previously unrecognized intrahepatic crosstalk in the liver that triggers fibrosis progression and contributes to the severity of NASH.
Plasma-Assisted Three-Dimensional Lightscribe Graphene as High Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Namdar Naser , Ghasemi Foad , Sanaee Zeinab
Published: September 2021

Graphene-based supercapacitors demonstrate extraordinary energy storage capacity due to their layered structure, large effective surface area, high electrical conductivity and acceptable chemical stability. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based supercapacitors were introduced in a simple, green, fast and inexpensive method. For this purpose, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by the modified Hummers’ method and then easily reduced to desired patterns of rGO using a commercial LightScribe DVD drive. In order to increase the effective surface area, as well as the electrical conductivity of rGO layers, oxygen/sulfur hexafluoride plasma was applied to the rGO followed by laser irradiation. By performing such sequential processes, an rGO-based supercapacitor was introduced with a capacitance of about 10.2 F/cm3, which had high stability for more than 1000 consecutive charge-discharge cycles. The fabrication steps of the electrodes were investigated by different analyses such as SEM, TEM, Raman, surface resistance and XPS measurements. Results show that these rGO-based electrodes fabricated by sequential processes are very interesting for practical applications of energy storage.
Effect of Age on Primary Balloon Dacryocystoplasty and Probing Success in Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Dericioğlu Volkan , Sevik Mehmet Orkun , Saçu Sena Sümmen , Eraslan Muhsin , Cerman Eren
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To compare the success rates of balloon dacryocystoplasty (BDP) and probing as a primary procedure in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) and investigate the effect of age on both procedures.Methods: A total of 135 patients (171 eyes) with simple or incomplete complex CNLDO were included in this retrospective study; complete complex CNLDO cases were excluded. The success rates for primary BDP (118 eyes) and for probing (53 eyes) were compared as overall and among the age groups; Group 1 (12–24 months old), Group 2 (25–36 months old), and Group 3 (> 36 months old).Results: Mean age of the patients was 41.5±27.2 months for primary BDP, and 21.8±10.8 months for probing (p<0.001). Overall success rates for primary BDP and probing were 81.1% (43/53) and 76.3% (90/118), respectively (p=0.481). Success rates for BDP and probing among age groups were, 93.8% and 85.3% in Group 1 (p=0.306), 93.3% and 50.0% in Group 2 (p=0.012), and 63.6% and 27.3% in Group 3 (p=0.052), respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that the median ages were 18 months for probing and 36 months for primary BDP. Poisson regression model showed that, for every one-month increase in patients’ age, the success rate of probing decreased by 9.7%.Conclusion: Probing success decreased to a point where different treatment options such as primary BDP can be discussed with the patient’s parents after 18 months of age. The success of BDP decreased after 36 months, while it maintained a high success rate between 24-36 months as primary treatment.
Exploring Drug Cost and Disease Outcome in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated With Biologic and Targeted Synthetic DMARDs in Norway in 2010-2019 – a Country With a National Tender System for Prescription of Costly Drugs
Authors: Brkic Alen , Diamantopoulos Andreas P , Haavardsholm Espen Andre , Fevang Bjørg Tilde Svanes , Brekke Lene Kristin , Loli Liz , Zettel Camilla , Rødevand Erik , Bakland Gunnstein , Mielnik Pawel , Haugeberg Glenn
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: In Norway, an annual tender system for the prescription of biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) has been used since 2007. This study aimed to explore annual b/tsDMARDs costs and disease outcomes in Norwegian rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients between 2010 and 2019 under the influence of the tender system.METHODS: RA patients monitored in ordinary clinical practice were recruited from ten Norwegian centers. Data files from each center for each year were collected to explore demographics, disease outcomes, and the prescribed treatment. The cost of b/tsDMARDs was calculated based on the drug price given in the annual tender process.RESULTS: The number of registered RA patients increased from 4909 in 2010 to 9335 in 2019. The percentage of patients receiving a b/tsDMARD was 39.4% in 2010 and 44.5% in 2019. The proportion of b/tsDMARDs treated patients achieving DAS28 remission increased from 34.8% to 61.3%. The estimated mean annual cost to treat a patient on b/tsDMARDs fell by 47.3%, from 13,1 thousand euros (EUR) in 2010 to 6.9 thousand EUR in 2019. The mean annual cost to treat b/tsDMARDs naïve patients was reduced by 75.4% (13,0 thousand EUR in 2010 and 3.2 thousand EUR in 2019).CONCLUSIONS: In the period 2010-2019, b/tsDMARD treatment costs for Norwegian RA patients were significantly reduced, whereas DAS28 remission rates increased. Our data may indicate that the health authorities’ intention to reduce treatment costs by implementing a tender system has been successful.
Vision-related Quality of Life in Patients With Glaucoma: the Role of Illness Perceptions
Authors: Zhang Qiqi , Zhou Wenzhe , Song Di , Xie Yanqian , Lin Hao , Liang Youping , Ren Yanhan , Liang Yuanbo , Chen Yanyan
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To explore the predictive effect of illness perceptions on vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in Chinese glaucoma patients.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 97 patients with glaucoma completed the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), the Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 (GQL-15), and a questionnaire with sociodemographic and clinical information. Correlation analysis and hierarchical linear regression analysis were performed.Results: The BIPQ total score was positively correlated with the scores of the total GQL-15 and its four dimensions. Chronic comorbidities, type of glaucoma, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mean defect (MD) of visual field in the better eye, and identity in the BIPQ were the critical predictors of VRQoL. Illness perceptions independently accounted for 7.8% of the variance in the VRQoL of glaucoma patients.Conclusions: Patients with stronger illness perceptions who perceive themselves as having more glaucoma symptoms are likely to experience worse VRQoL. Illness perceptions in glaucoma patients deserve clinical attention, and further studies are needed to examine whether cognitive interventions targeting illness perceptions can improve VRQoL.
Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Key Drivers of Inequalities in the Gap Between Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy: Evidence from a Megacity in China, 2010-2019.
Authors: Xi Junyan , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhang Yuqin , Luo Ao , Du Zhicheng , Liang Boheng , Dong Hang , Lin Xiao , Qin Pengzhe , Hao Yuantao
Published: September 2021

Purpose The improvement of the quality of life (QoL) is reflected in the narrowing of the GAP between health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) and life expectancy (LE). Less is known about the effect that the expansion of megacities may have on narrowing the gap. The purpose of this study was to disclose this potential relationship.Methods Annual life tables were constructed from identified death records and population counts from multiple administrative sources in Guangzhou, China, 2010-2019. Joinpoint regression was used for evaluating the time trends and global Moran’s Ⅰ and local Moran’s Ⅰ was used for evaluating spatial autocorrelation at the county-level during the entire study period. Generalized principal component analysis and multilevel models were used to examine the county-level association between the GAP and socioeconomic, health services, population structure, and population dynamics.Results From 2010 to 2019, LE increased by 2.8 years (2.8 years for males and 2.9 years for females) and total HALE increased by 2.4 years (2.5 years for males and 2.2 years for females). The counties with higher or lower LE, HALE, and their GAP were presented spatial agglomeration distribution characteristics. The central city and the neighboring counties had higher LE and HALE, and lower GAP. The ratio of male to female and the natural population growth rate were positively correlated with the GAP, while the gross domestic product per area, the density of resident population, the number of practicing (assistant) physicians per thousand, the number of hospital beds per thousand, the per capita disposable income, the ratio of child to old people, the net migration rate and the total migration rate were negatively correlated with the GAP.Conclusion In megacities, LE and HALE were higher and their GAP was lower in the central city than in the urban fringe. Socio-economic and health services were key to narrow the GAP. The widening GAP can be explained by a high proportion of females and old people, who were longevity but unhealthy. Population density within the urban carrying capacity produced a positive effect on narrow the GAP, and these were attributed to the healthy immigrant effect.
A Zn(II)-Organic Framework as a Fluorescent Probe for the Aqueous Phase Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosive and Cr(III) ion
Authors: Kamal Samrah , Khalid Mohd , Khan M. Shahnawaz , Shahid M. , Ahmad Musheer
Published: September 2021

From the perspective of environment, civilian safety and human health it is utmost important to selectively and sensitively detect hazardous substances in the running water. In the last few decades, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been utilized for the detection of lethal substances in the aqueous phase using fluorescence method. Herein, a highly fluorescent MOF, Zn-MOF-1, namely, {[Zn2(pydc)2(DMF)]·2DMF}n, based on the ligand pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (H2pydc), was synthesized by employing solvothermal conditions. The Zn-MOF-1 was thoroughly characterized by crystallographic, PXRD, elemental, FTIR, and TG analysis. Single crystal data elucidated the exact structure of Zn-MOF-1. Due to its better emission spectra, the fluorescence sensing behavior of Zn-MOF-1 was checked in the aqueous medium. It was found that Zn-MOF-1 could detect Cr3+ with high sensitivity and selectivity and serve as an excellent fluorescent probe for TNP among other interfering nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous media. Furthermore, a plausible sensing mechanism has been demonstrated employing UV-Visible, fluorescence, and theoretical data. The observed Ksv values for TNP and Cr3+ are 2.1×108 M-1 and 1.46×107 M-1, respectively. Selective fluorescence quenching with high Ksv values and low detection limits validates the superior sensing performance shown by Zn-MOF-1 toward TNP and Cr3+. Thus, the fine-tuning of MOF for the detection of hazardous substances in wastewater is a challenging task and needs to address in future endeavors.
Numerical Simulation of Foundation Pit Dewatering Using Horizontal Seepage Reducing Body
Authors: Wang Jianxiu , Long Yanxia , Zhao Yu , Pan Weiqiang , Qu Jianxun , Wang Hanmei , Shi Yujin , Liu Xiaotian
Published: September 2021

Groundwater level has to be lowered during deep excavation. A vertical curtain is usually adopted to control the drawdown both inside and outside a foundation pit in a built-up area. However, the cost and working difficulty increases substantially with the increasing depth of vertical curtains. In the manuscript, a kind of man-made horizontal seepage reducing body (HSRB) was introduced to shorten the vertical curtain depth and control drawdown. With the No. 4 shaft foundation pit of Guangyuan Project, Shanghai as background, HSRB was proposed in foundation pit dewatering. Microbially induced carbonate precipitation grouting technology was recommended to form an environment-friendly HSRB. Numerical method was used to simulate and understand the influence of position, thickness, and hydraulic conductivity of HSRB on groundwater level. The non-separated HSRB was better than the separate HSRB. Decreasing HSRB hydraulic conductivity was better than increasing HSRB depth. Four seepage modes are summarized considering vertical curtain penetration conditions into multi-aquifer, and the fifth seepage mode was formed for vertical curtain using man-made HSRB, which can be referred by similar engineering.
AuCu nanofibers for electrosynthesis of urea from carbon dioxide and nitrite
Authors: Liu Songliang , Yin Shuli , Wang Ziqiang , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: September 2021

Carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a promising technology for mitigating greenhouse gas emission and achieving carbon neutrality. However, coupling CO2RR with other reactions to produce high value-added chemicals remains a challenge. In this work, we report self-assembled nanofibers composed of ultra-thin AuCu alloy nanowires possessing a Boerdijk-Coxeter structure with (111)-dominant facets for the electrosynthesis of urea by coupling CO2RR with nitrite reduction reaction (NO2−RR). The rich structural defects and AuCu bimetallic alloy composition provide a large number of highly catalytically active sites. The constructed AuCu nanofibers display excellent urea synthesis performance in the electrolyte solution containing 0.01 M KNO2 with continuous drumming of CO2, achieving a high urea yield rate of up to 3889.6 µg h− 1 mg− 1cat. and a high Faraday efficiency of 24.7% at -0.9 V. This work provides a feasible method for the rational design of self-assembled bimetallic nanofibers for electrosynthesis of urea under ambient conditions.
Riverine antibacterial resistance gradient determined by environmental factors
Authors: Liu Cheng-Han , Chuang Yi-Lynne , Gurunathan Revathi , Hsieh Chi-Ying , Dahms Hans-Uwe
Published: September 2021

Wastewater emission to surface waters is a major pathway for antibacterials and antibacterial-resistant bacteria. Polluted waterbodies such as rivers provide a reservoir for bacterial resistance. We studied water quality and bacterial antibacterial resistance along the subtropical Qishan River in Taiwan as a case study of environmental resistance spread in a pristine to rural area. Human settlement densities increased generally from pristine mountain sites to the more polluted lowlands generally. Accordingly, as a working hypothesis, we expected antibacterial resistance level to increase towards downstream. We collected sediment samples from 8 stations along the Qishan river and where the Qishan river reaches the Kaoping river. The samples were processed in the lab for bacteriological and physicochemical analysis. Antibacterial resistance was tested by disk diffusion and micro-dilution with ten common antibacterials. A comparison was made among the sites where isolates began to occur at the upstream (site 1–6) with the downstream, including site 7 (Qishan town), site 8 (wastewater treatment plant) and site 9 (Kaoping river). The results of multivariate analysis for bacteriological and physicochemical parameters showed increasing water pollution levels downstream of the Qishan river. Ten bacteria including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter sp., Acinetobacter sp., Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. were analyzed and tested in the study. Their percentage of occurrence varied at each site. The resistance level was determined from the growth inhibition zone diameter (disk diffusion) and the minimum inhibitory concentration (micro-dilution). The results indicated that antibacterial resistance was related to certain environmental factors. Besides, the usage pattern of different classes of antibacterials in different places could alter trends of their resistance. Bacteria were found with increased resistance to antibacterials used in agriculture through the downstream sites according to the results. The WWTP emitting wastewater was demonstrated to be a hotspot of resistance in aquatic environments. In conclusion, bacterial resistance against antibacterials from the Qishan river has become a potential public health threat. This study could assist authorities by providing a reference for water quality risk assessment and management in Kaohsiung city and southern Taiwan.
Satellite-Based Assessment of Hailstorm Affected Potato Crop for Insurance Purpose
Authors: Choudhary Karun Kumar , Chakraborty Abhishek , Murthy CS , Poddar Malay Kumar
Published: September 2021

Assessing the extent of hailstorm affected crop is one of the thrust areas for quantifying mid-season adversaries under crop insurance values chain. This study evaluated the pre- and post-hailstorm responses on spectral bands and vegetation indices derived from Sentinel-2 data for assessing the severity class of the affected potato crop. The potato crop was mapped using pre-event satellite data with overall accuracy of 88% (k=0.82). Pair-wise Games-Howell t-test showed significant differences among the post-hailstorm potato severity classes in Red, Near Infrared & Short-wave Infra-red (SWIR) bands and Normalized vegetation indices. Percentage change (from pre- to post-event) in band reflectance and vegetation indices showed a better sensitivity in differentiating damage severity. Differential behaviour of SWIR-1 (Band-11) and SWIR-2 (Band-12) were observed within severely affected potato crop under dry and wet soil conditions. Decision matrix based on percentage change in Normalized difference Vegetation Index (DNDVI) and Normalized difference Tillage Index (DNDVI) could able to capture the damage severity classes with an overall accuracy of 86.7%. Higher proportion of affected area were found to be associated with larger percentage of Potato yield reduction based on measured yield data at Insurance unit level. The proposed methodology could be adopted for operational assessment of the impact of hailstorm events on crops.
Enhancement of the Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles and the Relationship With Thermal Annealing Temperature
Authors: Aragon F.H.
Published: September 2021

The present study describes the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activity (PCA) evaluation of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) prepared via the polymeric precursor method in a first step, following annealing in the range of 500 to 900 oC in a second step. The formation of the wurtzite crystal structure is confirmed via x-ray diffraction data analysis. Thermal annealing treatments in atmospheric air are carried out to control the crystallite mean size and physical properties. The UV-Vis spectroscopy measurements show a decreasing trend of the optical band gap of the as-fabricated ZnO NPs, from ~3.4 eV to ~3.1 eV, as the annealing temperature increases. The PCA of the ZnO NPs against methylene blue dye revealed an increase in efficiency as the annealing temperature increases, reaching with a maximum performance for the sample annealed at ~700 °C. Our findings suggest that the PCA of the ZnO NPs does not show a straightforward dependence on the NPs’ size, but it seems to be correlated with the density of defects, such as oxygen vacancies, which are modulated by the annealing temperature. In addition, thermoluminescence glow curves exhibit a well-defined peak located at ~622 K for the as-prepared ZnO nanopowder. The peak intensity shows a decreasing trend with the annealing temperature up to ~700 °C. This result is correlated with the modulation of traps as the annealing temperature increases, which seems to be directly related to the amount of trapped charges (electrons and holes), leading to a marked reduction of the PCA.
Priority micronutrient density of foods for complementary feeding of young children (6-23 months) in South and Southeast Asia
Authors: Ortenzi Flaminia , Beal Ty
Published: September 2021

Background
Given their high nutrient requirements and limited gastric capacity, young children during the complementary feeding period (6-23 months) should be fed nutrient-dense foods. However, complementary feeding diets in low- and middle-income countries are often inadequate in one or more essential micronutrients. In South and Southeast Asia infants’ and young children’s diets are commonly lacking in iron, zinc, vitamin A, folate, vitamin B12 and calcium, hereafter referred to as priority micronutrients.
Objective
This study aimed to identify the top food sources of priority micronutrients, among minimally processed, locally available foods, for complementary feeding of children (6-23 months) in South and Southeast Asia.
Methods
An aggregated regional food composition database for South and Southeast Asia was built, and recommended nutrient intakes (RNIs) from complementary foods were calculated for children aged 6-23 months. An approach was developed to classify foods into one of four levels of priority micronutrient density based on the calories and grams required to provide one-third (for individual micronutrients) or an average of one-third (for the aggregate score) of RNIs from complementary foods.
Results
We found that the top food sources of multiple priority micronutrients are organs, bivalves, crustaceans, fresh fish, goat, canned fish with bones, and eggs, closely followed by beef, lamb/mutton, dark green leafy vegetables, cow milk, yoghurt, and cheese, and to a lesser extent, canned fish without bones.
Conclusions
This analysis provided insights into which foods to prioritize to fill common micronutrient gaps and reduce undernutrition in children aged 6-23 months in South and Southeast Asia.
Light acclimation interacts with thylakoid ion transport to govern the dynamics of photosynthesis
Authors: von Bismarck Thekla , Korkmaz Kübra , Ruß Jeremy , Skurk Kira , Kaiser Elias , Galvis Viviana Correa , Cruz Jeff , Strand Deserah , Köhl Karin , Eirich Jürgen , Finkemeier Iris , Jahns Peter , Kramer David , Armbruster Ute
Published: September 2021

Understanding photosynthesis in natural, dynamic light environments requires knowledge of long-term acclimation, short-term responses, and their mechanistic interactions. However, the latter is poorly understood. We systematically determined light-environment effects on the thylakoid ion transport-mediated responses of photosynthesis during light fluctuations. Our analyses reveal daily light intensity as the main acclimatory driver that sculps photosynthetic capacity and thereby governs the activities of the thylakoid Cl- channel VCCN1 and the H+/K+ exchanger KEA3 during high light phases. We uncover high zeaxanthin accumulation as a response to fluctuating light environments, which delays the relaxation of energy dependent quenching (qE). KEA3 partly suppresses zeaxanthin accumulation over the day and thereby further accelerates the response of photosynthesis to low light periods. In summary, both light-environment factors, intensity and variability, modulate the function of thylakoid ion transport in dynamic photosynthesis with distinct effects on lumen pH, zeaxanthin accumulation, qE and photosynthetic light use efficiency.
Association between dietary salt and plasma glucose, insulin and hemoglobin A1C levels among type 2 diabetes patients in Eastern China
Authors: Lin Yi , Chattopadhyay Kaushik , Yang Xi , Li Jia-Lin , Chen Yan-Shu , Zhou Ye , Li Li
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the major public health concerns in China. Studies on the association between dietary salt intake and the glycaemia response of T2D are lacking in China. The aim was to investigate the association between the levels of dietary salt intake and the plasma glucose, insulin and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in T2D patients.Methods: Patients with T2D, who accepted management and treatment by the National Standardized Metabolic Disease Management Center at Ningbo First Hospital from March 2018 to January 2020, were included in this study. Dietary salt was collected through a standardized food frequent questionnaire. Anthropometry, blood pressure and biomarkers were measured by well-trained endocrinology nurses. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to examine the association.Results: A total of 1145 eligible T2D patients with the mean age of 51.4 years were included in the study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2h postprandial plasma glucose and 2h postprandial insulin, were significantly increased across dietary salt categories. Generalized linear models further showed that dietary salt >8g/d were positively associated with FPG and HbA1c.Conclusion: Higher daily salt intake was found to be associated with FPG and HbA1c in T2D patients. Lifestyle education and promotion on salt reduction should be provided to T2D patients.
»Weil dein Vater ein Jud ist.«
Authors: Blumesberger Susanne
Published: September 2021

Artikelbeginn:
Themen wie Antisemitismus, Exil, Flucht oder Vertreibung wurden in der deutschsprachigen und vor allem in der österreichischen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg relativ spät und nur sehr zögerlich aufgegriffen. Das hängt sehr stark mit dem damaligen politischen Klima zusammen. Die meisten ÖsterreicherInnen fühlten sich als erste Opfer von Hitlers Annexionspolitik, die jüngste Vergangenheit wurde weder in der Öffentlichkeit, in der Literatur, noch in Schulen thematisiert, sondern meist verschwiegen und verdrängt. Vor allem der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur wurde die Aufgabe zugesprochen, eine heile Welt zu schaffen – vorrangig für jene Kinder, die den Krieg selbst miterlebt hatten.
Ästhetik der Vermittlung
Authors: Rinnerthaler Peter
Published: September 2021

Artikelbeginn:
Während Flucht den unfreiwilligen Austritt aus einer gesellschaftlichen Einheit bedeutet, verweist der Begriff Migration auf den Versuch, in ein gesellschaftliches Gefüge einzutreten. Ein zentraler Unterschied liegt somit in sich dichotom gegenüberstehenden Ausgliederungs- und Eingliederungshandlungen. Eine Gemeinsamkeit stellt jedoch die Prozesshaftigkeit dar, die in literarisch sowie bildästhetisch umgesetzten Narrativen, wie zum Beispiel in Form von Graphic Novels, aufgegriffen wird. Die beiden oft aufeinander bezogenen Narrative Flucht und Migration werden in diesem Beitrag getrennt betrachtet und bilden zugleich die beiden zentralen Kapitel des Textes.
Grimm und GRIPS noch Feinde waren
Authors: Nübel Damaris
Published: September 2021

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below]
In der Theatergeschichte wurde von Aristoteles bis Brecht immer wieder angenommen, dass ein Bühnengeschehen das Publikum beeinflussen kann. Entsprechend nahe liegt der Gedanke, das Theater als Erziehungsinstrument einzusetzen, wie es z. B. im Jesuitentheater der Renaissance oder den didaktischen Dramen der Aufklärung der Fall war. Stand bei Ersteren die Vermittlung der christlichen Heilslehre im Mittelpunkt, können Letztere als »Einübung in gesellschaftliche Verhaltensnormen« (Schedler 1974, S. 23) verstanden werden. Auch das emanzipatorische Kindertheater der 1960er Jahre verfolgt erzieherische Ziele, obgleich diese sich signifikant von den oben genannten unterscheiden. Hier sollen Kinder nicht lernen, indem neue Ängste erzeugt, »sondern alte benannt [und] sprachlich faßbar« gemacht werden (Reisner 1983, S. 116).
When Grimm and GRIPS Were Still FoesEmancipatory Children’s Theatre and the SCHAUBURG Theatre in MunichThe 1968 movement changed children’s theatre in Germany – including the SCHAUBURG Theatre in Munich. When Norbert J. Mayer became the new manager in 1969, he no longer staged fairy tales like those by the Brothers Grimm. Instead he put on new and different kinds of plays that reflected children’s everyday lives, such as those created by the GRIPS theatre or by Helmut Walbert. He also worked with educationists and psychologists and involved young people in various ways, for example by inviting them to rehearsals and discussing their ideas about the theatre. This kind of theatre was called ›emancipatory‹ and it aimed to help children to develop self-confidence and political awareness. The plays of the so-called ›emancipatory theatre‹ had a lasting influence on children’s theatre not only in Munich but also throughout Germany.
»Werke, die sich als Geschenke für die Jugend ganz besonders eignen«
Authors: Schmideler Sebastian
Published: September 2021

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below]
Die Verlags- und Buchhandelsgeschichte des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts ist sowohl »faszinierende Blütezeit des Buchhandels in Deutschland« (Raabe 1984, S. IX) als auch reich an Innovationen des Kinder- und Jugendbuchmarkts im Prozess der Institutionalisierung und der Modernisierung (vgl. Schmid 2018, S. 22 ff.; Ewers 1982, S. 13 u. a.). Zu Recht wurde betont, dass sich Verlage als »eigentlich bestimmende und dynamische« Instanz der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur herausstellten, weil sie »als erste die enorm gestiegenen Lese- und Bildungsbedürfnisse immer breiterer Schichten wahrnahmen« und darauf strategisch geschickt reagierten (vgl. Dettmar u. a. 2003, S. 128).
 
»Books Particularly Suitable as Gifts for the Young«Books for Children and Youths by the Berlin Publishing House Carl Friedrich Amelang in the Early Nineteenth Century
This article, a contribution to the history of the book, presents the publishing house Carl Friedrich Amelang as an important example of specialised children’s book production in early nineteenth-century Berlin and Germany. The focus is on strategies of production, distribution, the materiality of books and their reception with special attention paid to the importance of illustrations, specific book styles and authors such as Johann Heinrich Meynier and Amalia Schoppe. It shows how this publishing house continued the tradition of eighteenth-century children’s literature, while modernising it with new genres such as adventure novels and information books.
Doing Age
Authors: Benner Julia , Ullmann Anika
Published: September 2021

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below]
Wer sich mit Kinderliteratur aus wissenschaftlicher Perspektive befasst, kommt nicht umhin, über age nachzudenken. Age spielt in seinen vielen Formen und Facetten im gesamten System Kinderliteratur eine entscheidende Rolle. In Fundamental Concepts of Children’s Literature Research beschreibt Hans-Heino Ewers den Beginn der Kinderliteratur als den Moment, in dem Kinder als die Adressaten eines Textes benannt werden (vgl. Ewers 2009, S. 10). Perry Nodelman geht in seinem Buch The Hidden Adult der Frage nach, warum Texte an Kinder adressiert werden und rückt Konstruktionen von Kindern als besonderer, literarischer Nachrichten bedürfend in den Fokus.
 
Doing AgeOn the Relevance of Age Studies for Children's Literature Studies
The act of addressing a literary message to children is often regarded as the genesis of children’s literature. Consequently, age concepts play a role in how children’s literature criticism constructs the recipients of this specific literary communication and assesses its literary messages. Additionally, age constructions shape the characterisation of literary characters and narrative structures of children’s literature. Therefore, this article posits that findings of Age Studies and Childhood Studies should be integrated into children’s literature theory. Recognising the importance of age for the analysis of children’s literature demands an understanding of age as an identity category (comparable to the categories of race, class and gender). In the vein of Judith Butler’s discussion of gender, this article claims that age identity is a form of performativity, which naturalises concepts of age via the repetition of age acts. Correspondingly, children must perform their childhood and make themselves intelligible as children. Children’s literature, in this conceptualisation, is at the forefront as a repository for and discursive producer of socially and culturally sanctioned ways ›to do‹ childhood (and other age roles). The act of buying or reading a children’s book can be defined as a way of ›doing‹ young age. Reading children’s literature thus makes the child intelligible as child.
»Hab ich jetzt nur geträumt oder ist das wirklich passiert?«
Authors: Gschwind Christoph
Published: September 2021

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below]
Traumdarstellungen in Büchern und Filmen mit ›ambiguem‹ Ende sind in der Populärkultur seit den 1990er-Jahren beliebt. (Kuhn 2009, S. 141 f.) Man kann die Popularität solcher plot-Strukturen durchaus plausibel als Reaktion der Kunst auf die zunehmende Komplexität der Gesellschaft (Berndt / Koepnick 2018, S. 7) deuten. Diese Komplexitätssteigerung ergibt sich beispielsweise durch die Möglichkeiten digitaler Technologien, neben der wirklichen Welt auch virtuelle Welten, eine virtual, mixed oder augmented reality, zu kreieren, in denen sich die Grenze zwischen Realität und Fiktion verschiebt.
 
»Did I Dream That or Did It Really Happen?«How Dream Images in Picturebooks Can Promote ›Ambiguity Skills‹
Ambiguity is a key aesthetic and cultural cornerstone reflected in the multiple examples in literature, history and analysis that make the connection between the ambiguity of works of art and dream representations. This is particularly true in children's literature, in which children’s dreams are presented in pictures. This article focusses on picturebooks that question various interpretations of reality, whose ontology, in other words, is open to interpretation: Are the worlds represented through imagery fictionally true or imagined as a dream? It also aims to show that the ultimate openness of images to interpretation results from an indiscernible oscillation between ambiguation and disambiguation. The central hypothesis of the article states that these images have the potential to sensitise their audiences to ambiguity and thus promote its tolerance – even outside of literature. It posits that these images can support the development of ›ambiguity skills‹, understood here to refer to a child’s ability to handle perceived ambiguities productively, for instance by using them to examine basic anthropological questions, and is one means to prepare children for complex social ambiguities in real-life situations.
Raman scattering and Cr3+ luminescence study on the structural behavior of δ-AlOOH at high pressures
Authors: Wang Baoyun , Tan Dayong , Xiao Wansheng , Ding Xing , Li Li , Song Maoshuang
Published: September 2021

δ-AlOOH is regarded as a potential water carrier that is stable in the Earth’s lower mantle down to the core-mantle boundary along the cold slab geotherm; thus, knowledge of its structural evolution under high pressure is very important for understanding water transport in the Earth’s interior. In this work, we conducted Raman scattering and luminescence spectroscopic experiments on δ-AlOOH at pressures up to 34.6 and 22.1 GPa, respectively. From the collected Raman spectra, significant changes in the pressure dependence of the frequencies of Raman-active modes were observed at ~8 GPa, with several modes displaying softening behavior. In particular, the soft A1 mode, which corresponds to a lattice vibration of the AlO6 octahedron correlated to OH stretching vibrations, decreases rapidly with increasing pressure and shows a trend of approaching 0 cm−1 at ~9 GPa according to a quadratic polynomial extrapolation. These results provide clear Raman-scattering spectroscopic evidence for the P21nm-to-Pnnm structural transition. Similarly, the phase transition was also observed in the luminescence spectra of Cr3+ in both powder and single-crystal δ-AlOOH samples, characterized by abrupt changes in the pressure dependences of the wavelength of the R-lines and sidebands across the P21nm-to-Pnnm transition. The continuous decrease in R2-R1 splitting with pressure indicated that the distortion of the AlO6 octahedron was suppressed under compression. No abnormal features were clearly observed in our Raman or luminescence spectra at ~18 GPa, where the ordered symmetrization or fully centered state with hydrogen located at the midpoint of the hydrogen bond was observed by a previous neutron diffraction study. However, some subtle changes in Raman and luminescence spectra indicated that the ordered symmetrization state might form at around 16 GPa.
Spectroscopic study on the local structure of sulfate (SO42−) incorporated in scorodite (FeAsO4·2H2O) lattice: Implications for understanding the Fe(III)-As(V)-SO42−-bearing minerals formation
Authors: Ma Xu , Qi Fengdai , Gomez Mario Alberto , Su Rui , Yan Zelong , Yao Shuhua , Wang Shaofeng , Jia Yongfeng
Published: September 2021

The incorporation of sulfate (SO42−) into the scorodite (FeAsO4·2H2O) lattice is an important mechanism during arsenic (As) fixation in natural and engineered settings. However, spectroscopic evidence of SO42− speciation and local structure in scorodite lattice is still lacking. In this study, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopic analyses in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to determine the local coordination environment of SO42− in the naturally and hydrothermally synthesized scorodite. The SO42− retention in natural scorodite and the effect of pH value and initial Na+ concentration on the incorporation of SO42− in synthetic scorodite were investigated. The results showed that trace amounts of SO42− were incorporated in natural scorodite samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed that SO42− was homogeneously distributed inside the natural and synthetic scorodite particles, and its content in the synthetic scorodite increased slightly with the initial Na+ concentration at pH of 1.2 and 1.8. The FTIR features and XANES results indicated that the coordination number (CN) of FeO6 octahedra around SO42− in scorodite lattice is four. The DFT calculation optimized interatomic distances of S-O were 1.45, 1.46, 1.48, and 1.48 Å with an average of ~1.47 Å, and the interatomic distances of S-Fe were 3.29, 3.29, 3.33, and 3.41 Å with an average of ~3.33 Å. EXAFS analysis gave an average S-O bond length of 1.47(1) and S-Fe bond length of 3.33(1) Å with a CNS-Fe = 4 for SO42− in the scorodite structure, in good agreement with the DFT optimized structure. The results conclusively showed that SO42− in the scorodite lattice may be in the form of a Fe2(SO4)3-like local structure. The present study is significant for understanding the formation mechanism of scorodite in natural environments and hydrometallurgical unit operations for waste sulfuric acid treatment.
Jadeite and related species in shocked meteorites: Limitations on inference of shock conditions
Authors: Baziotis Ioannis , Xydous Stamatios , Papoutsa Angeliki , Hu Jinping , Ma Chi , Klemme Stephan , Berndt Jasper , Ferrière Ludovic , Caracas Razvan , Asimow Paul D.
Published: September 2021

Jadeite is frequently reported in shocked meteorites, displaying a variety of textures and grain sizes that suggest formation by either solid-state transformation or by crystallization from a melt. Some-times, jadeite has been identified solely on the basis of Raman spectra. Here we argue that additional characterization is needed to confidently identify jadeite and distinguish it from related species. Based on chemical and spectral analysis of three new occurrences, complemented by first-principles calculations, we show that related pyroxenes in the chemical space (Na)M2(Al)M1(Si2)TO6–(Ca)M2(Al)M1(AlSi) TO6–(☐)M2(Si)M1(Si2)TO6 with up to 2.25 atoms Si per formula unit have spectral features similar to jadeite. However, their distinct stability fields (if any) and synthesis pathways, considered together with textural constraints, have different implications for precursor phases and estimates of impactor size, encounter velocity, and crater diameter. A reassessment of reported jadeite occurrences casts a new light on many previous conclusions about the shock histories preserved in particular meteorites.
Pragmatic Utterance Effect of the Medical Discourse Subject in Public Education Challenge
Authors: Khvoshch R. N. , Zvorygina O. I.
Published: September 2021

The paper actualizes the problem of discourse pragmatics. The authors provide the detailed description of the communicative techniques for enhancing the pragmatic utterance effect of the medical discourse subject in the open communication situation. The study is based on the texts of conference reports and interviews of representatives of the medical and scientific elite who have addressed the topic of a new coronavirus infection pandemic in 2020-2021 and those are solving the task of the public education in the area. Based on this analysis the authors provide a system of speech tactics that ensure the solution of this problem, and linguistic techniques for their implementation, which together form the pragmatic effect of the statements of the subject of medical discourse.
Attitude To Covid-19 Vaccination In Russia: social, political and communication aspects
Authors: Obukhova Y. O. , Popov D. G. , Fokina V. V. , Arkannikova M. S.
Published: September 2021

The paper presents the results of a quantitative survey conducted by the method of questionnaires, which was devoted to the attitude to the situation associated with the spread of coronavirus infection, including the study of the transformation of the sociotechnical imaginary in relation to the vaccination procedure. The article analyzes the values and attitudes of respondents in relation to medical technologies, hopes for the prospects and ways of getting out of the epidemic and the role of new vaccines in this. The study revealed that the majority of respondents did not associate the solution to the coronavirus problem with vaccination or the invention of a drug, hoping for the development of herd immunity or that the pandemic will end per se. A significant number of respondents have a negative attitude towards vaccination, fearing the unsafe vaccine. The survey showed that gender differences in attitudes towards vaccination against coronavirus infection, apparently, are not significant, but the differences in two age groups – young people under 35 and older people (36 – 72 y.o.) turned out to be more significant: among young people, a slightly more positive attitude was recorded to science and to a vaccine than among the older group of respondents. The article raises the question of how this attitude to medical technology and vaccination is formed and what should be the role of government communications in this matter.
THE RELIABILITY OF CLINICAL PROBABILITY SCORE IN (WELLS SCORE) THE DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM (PE) IN COVID-19 PATIENTS
Authors:   Medical Resident Year Three King Faisel Hospital Taif. KSA., Alkhubaizi Saleh , Al. ALalwi Ahmad ,   Medical Resident Year Three King Faisel Hospital Taif. KSA., Mahboob Mamdoh ,   Medical Resident Year Three King Faisel Hospital Taif. KSA., Al. Thubity Mohammed ,   Radiology Consultant King Faisel Hospital Taif. KSA.
Published: September 2021

Background: The risk of developing pulmonary embolism (PE) is high in patients infected with COVID-19, and its diagnosis is a severe challenge for healthcare professionals duringthe COVID-19 pandemic. Physicians are frequently usingcomputed tomography pulmonary angiography(CTPA), d-dimer, and well score for the diagnosis of PE. Methods: A retrospective study was used in which we investigated the reliability of clinical well scores by collecting data, such as medical records in registered form (serum D-dimer level and Wells scores) of every patient for whom physicians have requested whose CTPA with suspicion of PE at King Faisal Medical Center (KFMC) from the period from 1st of April to the 1st of October. Results: The study results showed significantly higher values of d-dimer in patients with positive PEcompared to those with negative values. In addition wells score is not a reliable preclinical score in diagnosis PE in COVID 19 patient. Conclusions: As per the results of the well score, there is no significant difference between vulnerable people with PE +ve and -ve.