bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maillard reaction products inhibit lipid oxidation by regulating myoglobin stability in washed muscle model
Authors: Cao Jiarong , Yan Haixia , Shen Yixiao , Zhao Yingbo , Bai Bing , Liu Ling
Published: October 2024

Lipid oxidation significantly contributes to muscle deterioration, with heme protein oxidation playing a crucial role in this process. This study investigated the inhibition of heme protein oxidation by Maillard reaction products (MRPs) using a washed muscle model combining washed carp with myoglobin (Mb). Protein oxidation products, protein texture, and lipid oxidation levels were assessed. Results showed that metmyoglobin (MetMb) is a primary driver of lipid oxidation in meat, likely due to Mb oxidation, exposing hydrophobic groups that bind to lipids. MRPs at concentrations of 0.5% and 1% effectively inhibited Mb oxidation. Specifically, treatment with 1% MRPs reduced MetMb formation by 15.38%, protein carbonyl content by 6.53%, hydroxyl radical content by 20.37%, protein aggregation by 40.81%, and particle size by 36.95% during later storage stages, thereby preserving Mb stability. In the Mb‐mediated oxidation model, 1% MRPs inhibited the formation of primary and secondary oxidative metabolites by 59.47% and 68.19%, respectively, while maintaining muscle tissue texture integrity.

Practical Application

The antioxidation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) improves the stability of common carp. By inhibiting the autoxidation of myoglobin and lipid, MRPs help preserve the texture and color of fish muscle while extending its shelf life. This study provides a valuable reference for effectively controlling lipid oxidation in refrigerated fish products and enhancing their overall quality.
Interaction between pea protein isolate and quercetin: Effects on protein conformation and quercetin activity
Authors: Huang Siyun , Zhou Haili , Lin Jiaxin , Yin Xin , Xiong Tao , Peng Fei
Published: October 2024

Comprehensive comprehension of the interaction between proteins and polyphenols is crucial for advancing their utilization in food processing. This study investigated no‐covalent interaction between pea protein isolate (PPI) and quercetin (Que) through spectroscopic analysis and molecular simulation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectrum showed that the interaction between PPI and Que changed the secondary structure of the protein due to a decrease in α‐helix content and an increase in the random coil. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the Quebound PPI via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions (ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0, and ΔG < 0), which was also confirmed by molecular docking. Particle size and ζ‐potential showed that PPI and Que demonstrated effective interaction and binding capabilities, enhancing the stability. In addition, the antioxidant and bioaccessibility of complexes have also been enhanced. This study shed a light on the application of protein–polyphenol complexes for developing functional foods.

Practical Application

Interaction between pea protein isolate and quercetin can change the protein conformation to maintain the stability of quercetin and is helpful to expand the market value and application value of plant protein. The research has important implications for using leguminous protein as embedded support to improve the stability of polyphenols compounds.
A self‐powered photoelectrochemical aptasensor using 3D‐carbon nitride and carbon‐based metal‐organic frameworks for high‐sensitivity detection of tetracycline in milk and water
Authors: Dai Ying , Peng Wangui , Ji Yi , Wei Jia , Che Junhao , Huang Yongqiang , Huang Weihong , Yang Wenming , Xu Wanzhen
Published: October 2024

Antibiotic residues have become a significant challenge in food safety, threatening both ecosystem integrity and human health. To combat this problem, we developed an innovative photo‐powered, self‐powered aptasensor that employs a novel carbon‐doped three‐dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (3D‐CN) combined with a metal‐organic framework composed of N‐doped copper(I) oxide‐carbon (Cu2O@C) skeletons. The 3D‐CN serves as the photoanode, offering stable photocurrent production due to its three‐dimensional open framework structure. The N‐doped Cu2O@C acts as the photocathode, providing oxidation protection for the metal core and enhancing light absorption due to its metal‐organic framework structure. A key feature of our work is exploiting the Fermi level difference between the n‐type photoanode and p‐type photocathode, which facilitates faster migration of photogenerated electrons toward the photocathode, thereby enhancing the sensor's self‐powered effect. Experimental results reveal that upon aptamer loading, the sensor can linearly detect tetracycline (TC) within a range of 0.5 pmol/L to 300 nmol/L, with a detection limit as low as 0.13 pmol/L. It also demonstrates excellent selectivity, stability, and reproducibility, making it applicable to real samples such as milk and river water. Consequently, our research provides a highly efficient and sensitive method for monitoring TC in food, with significant practical implications and profound impacts on food safety.
Long‐term intermittent oral administration of selective COX‐2 inhibitor improved the clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Chen Ming , Yang Zhu , Gong Hui , Wu Hao , Liu Ling , Jiang Jing Sun , Gao Jin Hang , Tang Cheng Wei , Huang Zhi Yin
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Patients with cirrhosis are more susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) due to immune dysfunction. In this retrospective study we aimed to investigate whether suppression of mild systemic inflammation with selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor (COX‐2‐I) during chronic care of cirrhotic patients would reduce the occurrence of acute decompensated events and improve patient prognosis of COVID‐19.

Methods

Medical records of cirrhotic patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection were sequentially reviewed. The patients were divided into the COX‐2‐I and control groups depending on whether they took oral selective COX‐2‐I for over 3 months or not. The primary outcomes included the occurrence of severe/critical COVID‐19, acute decompensated events, and acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF).

Results

After propensity score matching analysis, there were 314 cases in the control group and 118 cases in the COX‐2‐I group. Compared with the control group, the risk of severe/critical COVID‐19 in the COX‐2‐I group was significantly decreased by 83.1% (p = 0.004). Acute decompensated events and ACLF occurred in 23 (7.32%) and nine (2.87%) cases in the control group, but none in the COX‐2‐I group (p = 0.003 and 0.122). The rate of hospitalization in the COX‐2‐I group was significantly lower than that of the control group (3.39% vs 13.06%, p = 0.003). No patient in the COX‐2‐I group required intensive care unit admission.

Conclusions

Long‐term intermittent oral administration of selective COX‐2‐I in cirrhotic patients significantly reduces the occurrence of severe/critical COVID‐19, acute decompensated events, and ACLF. It may also be used for systemic inflammation caused by other pathogens.
Events preceding death after high‐risk surgery analyzed by Global Trigger Tool and reflective‐thematic approach
Authors: Paulander Johan , Ahlstrand Rebecca , Bartha Erzsébet , Nilsson Lena , Rakosi Klara , Sandblom Gabriel , Semenas Egidijus , Kalman Sigridur
Published: October 2024

Background

Postoperative mortality might be influenced by postoperative care, vigilance, and competence to rescue. This study aims to describe the course of events preceding death in a high‐risk surgical cohort.

Methods

We analyzed hospital records of patients who died within 30 days after surgery in 4 high volume hospitals using (1) reflective narrative thematic approach to identify recurring themes reflecting issues with conduct of care and (2) Global Trigger Tool to describe incidence, timing, and types of adverse events (AEs) leading to harm.

Results

Preoperative predicted median risk of death in the studied group was 9%/13% according to SORT/P‐POSSUM, respectively. Nine recurring themes were identified. Prominent themes were “consensus concerning aim and/or risk with planned surgery,” “level of (intraoperative) competence and monitoring,” and in the postoperative period “level of care and vigilance” on signs of deterioration. We found a total of 303 AEs, with only three patients (5%) having no adverse events. Most common severity category was “I,” that is “contributed to patient's death” (n = 110, 36% of all AEs). Of these, 60% were classified as preventable or probably preventable. The peak incidence of AEs was seen on the day of index surgery. Most common types of AEs were “failure of vital functions” (n = 79, 26%), followed by infections (n = 45, 15%).

Conclusions

A high predicted risk of death and a peak of adverse events on the day of index surgery were detected. Identified themes reflect lack of documented multi‐professional consensus on how to handle prevalent perioperative risk, vigilance, and postoperative level of care.
The first detection of the poplar bark aphid, Pterocomma populeum (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in Australia
Authors: Brumley Cameron , Kehoe Monica , Bertazzoni Stefania , Maw Eric , Foottit Robert
Published: October 2024

Pterocomma (Hemiptera: Aphidinae) are large aphids found across the northern hemisphere on various willow (Salix) and poplar (Populus) trees. We provide the first records of the Poplar Bark Aphid, Pterocomma populeum in Australia from Tasmania and New South Wales, a potential pest of poplar trees. Morphological character measurements and DNA (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1) sequences are provided along with discussions around difficulties in species separation.
Pointing to success: a discussion of the role of professional achievements in the selection of specialist surgical trainees
Authors: Jesudason Daniel , Muecke Thomas , Walker Hugo , Bacchi Stephen , Casson Robert , Chan Weng Onn
Published: October 2024

Background

In Australia and New Zealand, competitive selection processes for surgical specialty training programs often use a standardized curriculum vitae (CV) to assess criteria such as professional achievements. This review aims to assess the predictive validity, standardization, and implicit biases of these selection methods, as well as their implications for trainees and the diversity of surgical cohorts.

Methods

The 2023 CV scoring criteria were collected for all available specialty surgical programs in Australia and New Zealand. In 2023, each of the 11 surgical craft programs published publicly available standardized CV scoring criteria. In this study, scored items that constitute ‘professional achievements’ were recorded and tabulated. Observational analysis of the collected data was then conducted.

Results

In 2023, each of the 11 specialty surgical craft programs published publicly available structured CVs, of which 10/11 allocated points for professional achievements. Designated points for professional achievements were classified as awards, scholarships, committee positions, and prior training courses: 4/11 programs offered points for scholarships/grants, 6/11 programs offered points for academic and/or non‐academic prizes, and 8/11 programs offered points for professional development courses. Observational analysis of these findings suggests that professional achievements are desired in training program applicants.

Conclusion

Variability in medical school opportunities and inherent heterogeneity reduce the CV's efficacy, unfairly disadvantaging some applicants. Observational analysis of hence highlights the need for future research to assess potential updates in CV parameters to enhance predictive validity, reduce bias, and promote diversity.
Beyond environmental determinism? Analysing studies on environmental migration in the Greater Mekong Subregion and the Ganges‐Brahmaputra Delta Region
Authors: Bayrak Mucahid Mustafa , Hsu Yi‐Ya , Hung Li‐San
Published: October 2024

Current studies often present environmental and climate migration in three ways: in an environmentally deterministic way, as an adaptation strategy or as a ‘wicked’ phenomenon. This bibliometric and thematic analysis analysed 147 studies from January 2015 until August 2020 on environmental migration in the Greater Mekong Subregion and the Ganges‐Brahmaputra Delta Region (India and Bangladesh) to determine to what extent dominant discourses on environmental migration and mobilities have moved away from environmental determinism. Results of this study suggest that most analysed studies, which clearly framed environmental migration, tend to remain rather environmentally deterministic. Further, the spatial level of analysis in the studies, whether it was local or non‐local, did not correspond to different theoretical and conceptual approaches to environmental migration. While 17.0% of the studies presented environmental migration as a form of adaptation, relevant discussions on the concepts of resilience, vulnerability and adaptation were largely lacking. This is problematic as recent global studies on environmental migration are increasingly adopting the adaptation paradigm. Additionally, relatively few studies have adopted more critical or pluralistic approaches to human mobility, climate change and adaptation. Lastly, studies on Bangladesh were more often presenting climate change as a primary driver of migration than studies in other localities within the study region.
Second Case of Gonadal Mosaicism and a Novel Nonsense NR2F1 Gene Variant as the Cause of Bosch–Boonstra–Schaaf Optic Atrophy Syndrome
Authors: Hrvatin Nenad , Pereza Nina , Čaljkušić‐Mance Tea , Vučerić Tamara Mišljenović , Ostojić Saša , Hodžić Alenka , Maver Aleš , Peterlin Borut
Published: October 2024

Bosch–Boonstra–Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, and optic atrophy with a variable expression of other clinical features (dysmorphic features, autistic behaviour, corpus callosum hypoplasia and seizures). To date, approximately a hundred cases of the syndrome have been described, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 100 000–250 000. BBSOAS is caused by the loss of function of the NR2F1 gene (nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1), which encodes the COUP‐TFI (Chicken ovalbumin upstream promotor‐transcription factor 1). COUP‐TFI functions as a homodimer and is one of the major transcriptional regulators directing cortical arealization, cell differentiation and maturation. Most cases of BBSOAS occur de novo, and one case was previously described in which the disease resulted from gonadal mosaicism. In the present case, we report two sisters with BBSOAS, a novel nonsense mutation in the NR2F1 gene and potential gonadal mosaicism as the cause of this rare disease, making it the second such case described in the literature.
Dilemma of family education for hearing‐impaired children in China: Responsibility or evasion?
Authors: Xiong Xiaomeng , Li Yan
Published: October 2024

Due to the difficulty in identifying and monitoring factors that cause hearing impairment during pregnancy, large numbers of new hearing‐impaired children are born every year. Children's hearing impairment can have an impact on all aspects of the family. Family education, as an important element of family function, plays a key role in the growth and development of hearing‐impaired children and in improving the interaction between hearing‐impaired children and their parents. Based on a qualitative study in central China, this article examines the current situation and dilemmas of family education for hearing‐impaired children. Results show that families of hearing‐impaired children generally have a tendency to avoid family education responsibilities, as demonstrated by the lack of family roles, low participation in specific family education, absence of communication and care functions and a laissez‐faire approach to bringing up their children. This evasive tendency cannot simply be attributed to parental irresponsibility; rather, it is the result of a combination of four factors and is closely related to insufficient social support. In the short term, a two‐pronged approach is needed: strengthening the government's responsibility and rendering assistance for families with hearing‐impaired children on the one hand, and establishing reliable links between home and school to provide professional support on the other. In the long run, it is necessary to build up a social support mechanism with social work intervention. This paper puts forward the need for collaboration among multiple parties and a family‐centred assistance model to promote a shift from the tendency towards evasion to active assumption of family responsibility.
Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of Dysferlinopathy Unveiling Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Linked to Pathological Progression
Authors: Wang Di , Liu Xin‐yi , He Qi‐Fang , Zheng Fu‐ze , Chen Long , Zheng Ying , Zeng Ming‐hui , Lin Yu‐hua , Lin Xin , Chen Hai‐zhu , Lin Min‐ting , Wang Ning , Wang Zhi‐qiang , Lin Feng
Published: October 2024

Aims

Previous proteomics studies in dysferlinopathy muscle have been limited in scope, often utilizing 2D‐electrophoresis and yielding only a small number of differential expression calls. To address this gap, this study aimed to employ high‐resolution proteomics to explore the proteomic landscapes of dysferlinopathy and analyze the correlation between muscle pathological changes and alterations in protein expression in muscle biopsies.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive approach to investigate the proteomic profile and disease‐associated changes in the muscle tissue proteome from 15 patients with dysferlinopathy, exhibiting varying degrees of dystrophic pathology, alongside age‐matched controls. Our methodology encompasses tandem mass tag (TMT)‐labeled liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)‐based proteomics, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, weighted gene co‐expression network analysis, and differential expression analysis. Subsequently, we examined the correlation between the expression of key proteins and the clinical characteristics of the patients to identify pathogenic targets associated with DYSF mutations in dysferlinopathy.

Results

A total of 1600 differentially expressed proteins were identified, with 1321 showing high expression levels and 279 expressed at lower levels. Our investigation yields a molecular profile delineating the altered protein networks in dysferlinopathy‐afflicted skeletal muscle, uncovering dysregulation across numerous cellular pathways and molecular processes, including mRNA metabolic processes, regulated exocytosis, immune response, muscle system processes, energy metabolic processes, and calcium transmembrane transport. Moreover, we observe significant associations between the protein expression of ANXA1, ANXA2, ANXA4, ANXA5, LMNA, PYGM, and the extent of histopathologic changes in muscle biopsies from patients with dysferlinopathy, validated through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays.

Conclusions

Through the aggregation of expression data from dysferlinopathy‐impacted muscles exhibiting a range of pathological alterations, we identified multiple key proteins associated with the dystrophic pathology of patients with dysferlinopathy. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of dysferlinopathy and propose promising targets for future therapeutic endeavors.
Pharmacokinetic comparison of subcutaneously administered CT‐P13 (biosimilar of infliximab) via autoinjector and pre‐filled syringe in healthy participants
Authors: Park Ye Chan , Kim Jae Hoon , Kim Sung Hyun , Lee Ju Hyun , Hong Jang Hee , Jung Jin‐Gyu , Sunwoo Jung
Published: October 2024

CT‐P13, a biosimilar of infliximab, is used to treat inflammatory diseases that arise from immune system complications, resulting in excessive and persistent inflammation. The subcutaneous (SC) formulation of CT‐P13 overcomes the drawback of prolonged administration associated with the intravenous (IV) infliximab biosimilar, necessitating autoinjector (AI) administration. This randomized, open‐label, two‐arm, parallel‐group, single‐dose clinical pharmacology study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of CT‐P13 SC administration via AI compared with the existing pre‐filled syringe (PFS) method. A total of 147 healthy participants were randomized into two groups, of which 139 completed the study. Blood samples were collected from before CT‐P13 SC administration to 2016 h after the start of the administration. Serum concentrations were analyzed using the Meso Scale Discovery electrochemiluminescence method. Geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) of the AUCinf (areas under the concentration–time curve from zero to infinity) and Cmax (The maximum serum concentration) for CT‐P13 SC AI versus CT‐P13 SC PFS groups, were 94.15% (85.02%–104.26%), 92.48% (84.66%–101.01%), respectively. CT‐P13 SC AI and CT‐P13 SC PFS achieved comparable PK because the 90% CI was within the predefined equivalence margin. At the end of the study, immunogenicity results revealed that 70 (97.22%) and 73 (98.65%) participants tested positive for anti‐drug antibody (ADA) in the CT‐P13 SC AI and CT‐P13 SC PFS groups, respectively. They were tested positive for neutralizing antibodies. No other significant safety differences were observed between the treatment groups. In conclusion, both administrations demonstrated PK equivalence and were both safe and well‐tolerated.
Pharmacokinetic model‐guided enoxaparin dosing in the Neonatal ICU: Retrospective cohort study to plan for prospective feasibility trial
Authors: Bunn Haden , Schentag Catherine , Brandão Leonardo R. , Ivaturi Vijay , Lewis Tamorah
Published: October 2024

Traditional milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) dosing of enoxaparin in neonates frequently fails to achieve target anti‐Xa levels promptly, necessitating repeated laboratory monitoring and dose adjustments. This study investigated whether a personalized dosing strategy based on predicted individual clearance and volume of distribution could improve outcomes, comparing standard‐of‐care (SOC) mg/kg dosing to pharmacokinetic (PK) model‐informed precision dosing (MIPD). A retrospective analysis was conducted on hospitalized neonates treated with enoxaparin at less than 44 weeks postmenstrual age from 2019 to 2022. Data on demographics, drug dosing, PK model covariates, and clinical outcomes were extracted from electronic health records and analyzed using the Pumas‐AI Lyv dosing tool. The primary focus was on comparing the initial SOC dose to the MIPD‐recommended dose. The secondary outcome measured was the time required to achieve therapeutic anti‐Xa levels. The study included 168 neonates with a median postnatal age of 15 days (range 1–149) and a median dosing weight of 3.1 kg (range: 0.82–5.2). MIPD‐recommended initial doses were 20%–60% higher than SOC doses in 32% of the cases and over 60% higher in 11% of cases. Neonates who received SOC doses that were much lower than the MIPD recommendation showed the longest delays in reaching therapeutic anti‐Xa levels. The results indicate that PK model‐informed of enoxaparin dosing leads to higher initial dosages than SOC in neonates, potentially reducing the time to therapeutic anti‐Xa levels. These findings are being utilized to define dosing limits for a prospective trial of MIPD in neonatal intensive care settings.
Problems when diagnosing cutaneous leishmaniasis: a retrospective study analyzing clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features
Authors: Guillet Carole , Stillhard Andrea , Welti Michèle , Hauser Xenia , Kempf Werner , Riera Cristina , Grimm Felix , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Kolm Isabel
Published: October 2024

Background

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) incidence in Switzerland is rising due to factors like migration and globalization. The aim of this work was to investigate CL frequency in Switzerland and identify clinical and histopathological difficulties in diagnosing CL in a non‐endemic country.

Patients and Methods

This retrospective study evaluated the clinical and histopathological characteristics of all CL cases from two dermatopathology laboratories between 2000 and 2022. Skin biopsies were histopathologically reviewed using HE, Giemsa, and immunohistochemical stain for CD1a and a specific Leishmania antibody (LA). PCR to detect Leishmania DNA was performed if sufficient tissue was available.

Results

42 cases (27 m, 15 f) were included. The correct clinical diagnosis of CL was only made in 15 (35.7%) cases. In seven (16.6%) cases, CL was missed in the initial histopathologic evaluation. Two main histopathological patterns were observed: granulomatous and pseudolymphomatous. Immunohistochemical staining with CD1a and Leishmania‐specific antibody was positive in 91% and 80% of cases, respectively. Leishmania PCR was positive in 25 of 26 cases, mainly detecting Old World species.

Conclusions

CL is rare in Switzerland and often misdiagnosed clinically and histopathologically. CD1a and specific Leishmania antibody stainings are useful. CL should be considered in non‐healing ulcers, even without a history of travel to endemic areas.
Serum levels of the incretin‐like peptide 26RFa are diminished in women living with obesity and diabetes and restored after sleeve gastrectomy: Results from the prospective pilot RFa‐Ba‐S study
Authors: Khiar Hind , Lévêque Emilie , Lopez Antoine‐Guy , Moreau‐Grangé Lucile , Richard Lucile , Brunel Valéry , Perdrix Anne , Takhlidjt Saloua , Devère Mélodie , Tavolacci Marie‐Pierre , Houivet Estelle , Huet Emmanuel , Degrimaudet Benoît , Travers Carole , Leprince Jérôme , Picot Marie , Chartrel Nicolas , Prévost Gaëtan
Published: October 2024

Aim

To investigate the evolution of the incretin‐like peptide 26RFa in a prospective cohort of women living with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D) before and after sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Methods

In this study, a total of 61 women were divided into three groups: women living with severe obesity without T2D (WlwOB group), women living with severe obesity and T2D (WlwOB‐T2D group) and lean healthy volunteers (control group). Serum 26RFa concentrations were measured using a 26RFa enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay developed specifically for this study during meal tests before SG, and 30 and 180 days after SG.

Results

At baseline, serum 26RFa levels were reduced in the WlwOB (P < .05) and WlwOB‐T2D (P < .01) groups compared with controls. In the WlwOB‐T2D group, fasting 26RFa levels were found to increase throughout the entire follow‐up period up to 6 months after the SG (P < .001). During the meal tests, serum 26RFa levels increased, especially in the WlwOB‐T2D group at baseline. At the end of the follow‐up, the profile of 26RFa concentrations obtained during the meal test in patients with severe obesity and T2D was similar to that of the controls.

Conclusions

This prospective clinical study provides the first evidence that circulating 26RFa is altered mainly in WlwOB‐T2D, and that these defects are partially reversed after SG.
Association of hypertension and long‐term blood pressure changes with new‐onset diabetes in the elderly: A 10‐year cohort study
Authors: Li Shanshan , Yang Boyi , Shang Shasha , Jiang Wei
Published: October 2024

Aim

To explore the correlation between new‐onset diabetes (NOD), hypertension and blood pressure management among elderly individuals in China.

Materials and Methods

A cohort analysis involved 1380 participants aged 60 years or older, initially free of diabetes in 2008, from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Follow‐up assessments occurred every 2‐3 years. The relationship between hypertension, blood pressure changes and NOD was analysed using multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression.

Results

By 2018, 102 participants developed diabetes, while 1278 remained without diabetes. The cumulative diabetes prevalence increased from 3.1% at 3 years to 7.4% at 10 years. Hypertension prevalence increased from 20.9% at baseline to 41.0% at 10 years, with higher rates in those diagnosed with diabetes during follow‐up. Multivariate analysis identified age, gender, baseline hypertension and systolic blood pressure (SBP) as independent predictors of NOD. Hypertension combined with overweight/obesity significantly increased the risk of NOD (hazard ratio [HR] 2.837; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.680‐4.792). We evaluated participants' blood pressure management levels in 2008 and 2011, then tracked the onset of diabetes from 2011 to 2018. Compared with participants with an average SBP below 120 mmHg in 2008 and 2011, those with SBP of 140 mmHg or higher had an 8‐fold higher risk of developing NOD (adjusted HR8.492, 95% CI 2.048‐35.217, P = .003), the highest risk group. Participants with SBP of 130‐139.9 mmHg also had a significantly increased risk (adjusted HR 5.065, 95% CI 1.186‐21.633, P = .029), while those with SBP of 120‐129.9 mmHg showed no significant difference (HR 2.730, 95% CI 0.597‐12.481, P = .195). Consistently high SBP (≥ 130 mmHg) further increased NOD risk (adjusted HR 3.464, 95% CI 1.464‐8.196, P = .005).

Conclusions

Significant predictors of NOD included age, gender, baseline hypertension and blood pressure management. Maintaining SBP consistently below 130 mmHg may be an effective strategy to reduce the incidence of NOD in the general elderly population.
Employer cooperation, productivity and wages: new evidence from inter‐firm formal network agreements
Authors: Devicienti Francesco , Grinza Elena , Manello Alessandro , Vannoni Davide
Published: October 2024

Using uniquely rich administrative matched employer–employee data for Italy from 2008 to 2018, we investigate the impact of firms' formal network agreements (FNAs) on firm performance and employee wages. We find an overall significant and economically relevant positive effect of FNAs on various measures of firm performance, but there are no tangible benefits for the workers, and wages decrease slightly, on average. There is, however, marked heterogeneity in the impact on both firms and workers. Estimated rent‐sharing equations, as well as other tests that exploit unionization data, suggest that the negative effects on wages can be explained by a decrease in workers' bargaining power following the introduction of FNAs.
Body temperature, systemic inflammation and risk of adverse events in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: van der Stouwe Jan Gerrit , Godly Konstantin , Kraler Simon , Godly Julia , Matter Christian M. , Wenzl Florian A. , von Eckardstein Arnold , Räber Lorenz , Mach François , Obeid Slayman , Templin Christian , Lüscher Thomas F. , Niederseer David ,   the SPUM‐ACS investigators
Published: October 2024

Background

Inflammatory processes can trigger acute coronary syndromes (ACS) which may increase core body temperature (BT), a widely available low‐cost marker of systemic inflammation. Herein, we aimed to delineate baseline characteristics of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non‐ST‐segment elevation ACS (NSTE‐ACS) patients stratified by initial BT and to assess its predictive utility towards major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after the index ACS.

Methods

From 2012 until 2017, a total of 1044 ACS patients, 517 with STEMI and 527 with NSTE‐ACS, were prospectively recruited at the University Hospital Zurich. BT was measured by digital tympanic thermometer along with high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and cardiac troponin‐T (hs‐cTnT) levels prior to coronary angiography. Patients were stratified according to initial BT and uni‐ and multivariable regression models were fit to assess associations of BT with future MACE risk.

Results

Among patients with STEMI, BT was not predictive of 1‐year MACE, but a U‐shaped relationship between BT and MACE risk was noted in those with NSTE‐ACS (p = .029), translating into a 2.4‐fold (HR, 2.44, 95% CI, 1.16–5.16) increased 1‐year MACE risk in those with BT >36.8°C (reference: 36.6–36.8°C). Results remained robust in multivariable‐adjusted analyses accounting for sex, age, diabetes, renal function and hs‐cTnT. However, when introducing hs‐CRP, the BT‐MACE association did not prevail.

Conclusions

In prospectively recruited patients with ACS, initial BT shows a U‐shaped relationship with 1‐year MACE risk among those with NSTE‐ACS, but not in those with STEMI. BT is a broadly available low‐cost marker to identify ACS patients with high inflammatory burden, at high risk for recurrent ischaemic events, and thus potentially suitable for an anti‐inflammatory intervention.

Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01000701.
The wonder of being: Varieties of rationalism and its critique
Authors: Kern Andrea
Published: October 2024

In his book The Culmination, Pippin leaves no doubt that he still thinks that German Idealism has achieved a level of understanding and radicality that makes its proponents the best conversational partners to develop an understanding of what philosophy is about. It is the question of the very possibility of understanding that comes to be at the center of their writings and informs every page. Yet this radicality is now seen in a different light. It is now conceived as a culmination, not of an understanding that comes to itself but of a misunderstanding that informs, unavoidably, Western philosophical tradition as a whole. The resources for the idea that there is something fundamentally wrong in the conception of what it is to be a being that is able to know anything at all Pippin finds most vividly and forcefully articulated in Heidegger. I will argue that there is something profoundly true about Pippin's idea that, at the bottom of any knowledge we have of ourselves and the world, there is something that Heidegger calls Stimmung, which is essentially non‐discursive. However, I will argue that to defend the latter thought, one has to read Heidegger's notion of Stimmung in a more radical way than Pippin seems to be willing to.
Impact of elevated lipoprotein(a) levels on the functional outcomes of ischemic stroke patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Huarong , Li Bo , Lu Ting , Chen Chong , Xiong Xi , Li Xing , Yang Rengui
Published: October 2024

Background and purpose

Elevated serum lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) levels have been linked to an increased incidence of stroke. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of serum Lp(a) on the functional outcomes of patients with ischemic stroke (IS).

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to identify relevant cohort studies. A random effects model was utilized to synthesize the data, accounting for study heterogeneity.

Results

The analysis included 11 cohort studies comprising 11,958 patients with IS. Pooled results indicated that high baseline Lp(a) levels were associated with an increased risk of poor functional outcomes during follow‐up (odds ratio [OR] = 2.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.67–2.71, p < 0.001, I2 = 62%). Subgroup analyses revealed that the relationship between high Lp(a) levels and the risk of poor functional outcomes was more pronounced at discharge (OR = 3.25), 3 months (OR = 2.02), and 6 months (OR = 2.11) poststroke, compared to 12 months (OR = 1.25, p for subgroup difference < 0.001). Furthermore, the association was attenuated yet remained significant in studies adjusting for low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) compared to those that did not adjust for LDL‐C (OR = 1.69 vs. 2.63, p for subgroup difference = 0.03).

Conclusions

High serum Lp(a) levels at baseline are significantly associated with poor functional outcomes in patients with IS.
Three‐dimensional finite element analysis of the impact of access cavity preparation on first molar fracture resistance: A scoping review
Authors: Zhou Chuang , Pu Ruochen , Liu Bin
Published: October 2024

Access cavity preparation represents the initial step in root canal treatment. Minimally invasive approaches have gained increasing attention and involve advancements in the traditional access cavity preparation. Simultaneously, the development of three‐dimensional finite element analysis (3D‐FEA) has provided a theoretical foundation for evaluating the merits and drawbacks of various access cavity preparations. Studies using static loading 3D‐FEA have suggested that conservative access cavity preparation reduces the concentration of stress in the cervical region, thereby strengthening fracture resistance. However, the lack of support from clinical data raises concerns about the validity of this suggestion. Conversely, studies involving cyclic loading 3D‐FEA and dynamic loading 3D‐FEA have challenged the prevailing perspectives by taking into account additional factors such as filling materials, thus providing a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of access cavity preparation on fracture resistance. Existing research lacks a comprehensive comparison of the different 3D‐FEA methods, and this review fills this gap by providing a systematic assessment of different 3D‐FEA methods and their applications in access cavity preparation.
Circulating microRNAs and isomiRs as biomarkers for the initial insult and epileptogenesis in four experimental epilepsy models: The EPITARGET study
Authors: van Vliet Erwin A. , Scheper Mirte , Mills James D. , Puhakka Noora , Szydlowska Kinga , Ferracin Manuela , Lovisari Francesca , Soukupova Marie , Zucchini Silvia , Srivastava Prashant K. , Johnson Michael R. , Lukasiuk Katarzyna , Gorter Jan A. , Aronica Eleonora , Pitkänen Asla , Simonato Michele
Published: October 2024

Objective

Structural epilepsies can manifest months or years after the occurrence of an initial epileptogenic insult, making them amenable for secondary prevention. However, development of preventive treatments has been challenged by a lack of biomarkers for identifying the subset of individuals with the highest risk of epilepsy after the epileptogenic insult.

Methods

Four different rat models of epileptogenesis were investigated to identify differentially expressed circulating microRNA (miRNA) and isomiR profiles as biomarkers for epileptogenesis. Plasma samples were collected on day 2 and day 9 during the latency period from animals that did or did not develop epilepsy during long‐term video‐electroencephalographic monitoring. miRNAs and isomiRs were identified and measured in an unsupervised manner, using a genome‐wide small RNA sequencing platform. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the performance of putative biomarkers.

Results

Two days after an epileptogenic insult, alterations in the levels of several plasma miRNAs and isomiRs predicted epileptogenesis in a model‐specific manner. One miRNA, miR‐3085, showed good sensitivity (but low specificity) as a prognostic biomarker for epileptogenesis in all four models (area under the curve = .729, sensitivity = 83%, specificity = 64%, p < .05).

Significance

Identified plasma miRNAs and isomiRs are mostly etiology‐specific rather than common prognostic biomarkers of epileptogenesis. These data imply that in preclinical and clinical studies, it may be necessary to identify specific biomarkers for different epilepsy etiologies. Importantly, circulating miRNAs like miR‐3085 with high negative predictive value for epileptogenesis in different etiologies could be useful candidates for initial screening purposes of epileptogenesis risk.
Spontaneous neck hematoma in a hemodialysis patient: A case report
Authors: You Yanhua , Sun Qi
Published: October 2024

We present a 60‐year‐old maintenance hemodialysis patient who initially presented with neck swelling, which was diagnosed as a thyroid issue. Following a hemodialysis session, the swelling in the neck progressively enlarged, leading to respiratory distress and eventual cardiac arrest. During a life‐saving tracheotomy, dark red blood was observed, and endotracheal intubation was urgently performed. Subsequent computed tomography examination identified multiple areas of slight high‐density images in the nasopharyngeal cavity, oropharyngeal cavity, and esophagus. As time passed, the patient's hematoma underwent spontaneous absorption, but signs of recovery were absent. We discuss the rarity, etiology, diagnosis, and management of spontaneous neck hematoma in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
Anti‐glare performance of sol‐gel‐derived spray coatings prepared with various water‐to‐alkoxide ratios
Authors: Kajioka Toshiyuki , Ikegami Koji , Kanai Toshimasa , Kozuka Hiromitsu
Published: October 2024

We fabricated anti‐glare (AG) coatings on glass sheets by spraying alkoxide‐derived silica sols and demonstrated that the water‐to‐alkoxide ratio is one of the key factors for improving AG performance and sol stability. We synthesized silica sols using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), water, nitric acid, and denatured ethanol and sprayed them on sheets of chemically strengthened glass. The molar ratios of water to TEOS (r) were 3, 7, and 14. The sol with r = 7 provided a higher arithmetic‐mean height (Sa), smaller autocorrelation length (Sal), and better optical properties (lower gloss, higher haze, and lower sparkle level) than the sol with r = 3. An excessive amount of water at r = 14 yielded a large Sal and a high sparkle level. As the storage time of the sols increased, higher r values caused a more pronounced increase in Sa. Although none of the sols showed noticeable temporal changes during dynamic light scattering measurements, solutions with higher r values exhibited a more remarkable reduction in the retention time during liquid chromatography with a styrene‐divinylbenzene matrix. Hence, an excessive amount of water was thought to cause hydrophilization of the polymerized species during storage.
A new anastomotic technique in renal transplants reduces warm ischemia time
Authors: Jones Jon W.
Published: October 2024

The cause of allograft dysfunction following renal transplantation has not yet been fully determined. However, one of the principal factors known to cause dysfunction in renal transplantation is warm. ischemia. A new vascular anastomosis technique that reduces anastomotic time and the amount of warm ischemia time during the implantation phase was tested. A retrospective review compared 21 consecutive sutureless renal transplants with 31 consecutive suture transplants using a new technique performed by the same surgeon in the previous 12 months. The results showed the warm ischemia time was reduced by 51% (from 42.4 min to 24.04 min) with the new anastomotic technique, and with few complications. Initial experience with the new anastomotic technique is favorable. Further experience is needed to fully evaluate the complications and long‐term outcomes using this technique.
Phase diagrams of the BaF2–NdF3 and BaF2–PrF3 systems
Authors: Fedorov Pavel P. , Alexandrov Alexander A. , Luginina Anna A. , Voronov Valery V. , Chernova Elena V. , Kuznetsov Sergey V.
Published: October 2024

Phase formation in the BaF2–NdF3 and BaF2–PrF3 systems was studied by solid‐phase annealing at 750°С and syntheses in molten NaNO3 flux at 500°С. We observed the formation of Ba1−хRхF2+х fluorite solid solutions in the aforementioned systems, and these solid solutions underwent ordering to form ordered Ba4Nd3F17 and Ba4Pr3F17 fluorite‐like phases at 917°С and 880°С, respectively.
Implementation of Positive Advanced Recovery Connections in Primary and Secondary Mental Health Care—A Registered Advanced Nurse Practitioner‐Led Initiative
Authors: Cunningham A. , De La Harpe Golden D. , Pink M. , Truszkowska E. , Byrne T. , Murphy C. , Strahann A. , Doyle C. , Kasemiire A. , Frawley T.
Published: October 2024

Aim(s)

This study reports on the implementation of a registered advanced nurse practitioner intervention. Aims include improving access, service user outcomes and integration between primary and secondary care.

Design

This paper reports the quantitative results of a mixed methods implementation study. Qualitative data are reported separately. The PARiHS framework informs the implementation process itself, with considerations for nurses and other healthcare professionals explored.

Methods

The CORE‐OM 34 item rating scale was administered both pre‐ and post‐intervention. Service user attendances in secondary care was monitored.

Results

Findings suggest that the intervention was associated with clinically significant improvements in global or generic distress, reported by service users, as evidenced by changes in the CORE‐OM scores. Access to care was recorded at an average of 3.6 days. Implementation science supported effective and safe implementation with clear governance structures.

Conclusion

Registered advanced nurse practice in mental health clinics which provide full episodes of care results in improved integration and may be associated with positive patient outcomes. Implementation science is taught on Irish nursing programmes and this is important if innovative services are to be embedded in the healthcare system.

Impact

The development of a model of care for mental health Registered Advanced Nurse Practitioners at the interface of primary and secondary care settings may be merited. Positive Advanced Recovery Connections may be associated with improving mental health outcomes and bolstering integration of primary and secondary care services. The utilisation of implementation science highlights the need for collaboration with all stakeholders to overcome barriers and recognise facilitators to attain the necessary model of integrated care.

Patient and Public Contribution

Peer recovery input was provided by members of the service Recovery College, with participation evident in all stages of the project. The psychosocial assessment template was also co‐designed.
What Enables Implementation of Pain Management Interventions in Intensive Care Units and Why: A Realist Evaluation to Refine Program Theory
Authors: Hamadeh Samira , Willetts Georgina , Garvey Loretta
Published: October 2024

Aim

To uncover perspectives and refine 12 initial program theories concerning the implementation of pain management interventions in intensive care units. Contexts enabling implementation are delineated, and causal mechanisms within these contexts are described.

Design

A realist evaluation approach was employed.

Methods

Fourteen purposively selected Australian nurses of variant roles were virtually and individually interviewed between July and September 2023. Participants were presented with initial program theory, and their perspectives were collated. Data were analysed using an integrated approach of context (C), mechanism (M), outcome (O) categorisation coding, CMO configurations connecting and pattern matching.

Findings

Pain management interventions work if perceived to be beneficial, precise, comprehensive and fit for purpose. Nurses should be willing to change attitudes and update knowledge. Unit leaders should nurture the development of nurses' professional identity, access to learning, autonomy and self‐determination. Organisations should change the infrastructure, provide resources, mitigate barriers, develop shared mental models, update evidence and institute quality assurance. Adherence to interventions is affected by the outcomes of implementation and intrinsic merits of interventions. In these contexts, confidence is boosted; feelings of empowerment, self‐efficacy, reflective motivation, trust, awareness and autonomy are developed; and capacity is built. Furthermore, frustration from the variability of practices is reduced, accountability and ownership are augmented, yielding positive implementation outcomes.

Implications for the Profession

Findings have implications on nurses, team leaders and organisations concerned with implementation.

Impact

The findings provided a fortified understanding of conditions favouring successful implementation of pain management interventions. Actions should be undertaken at an individual, unit and organisation level to ensure successful implementation.

Reporting Method

RAMESES II Reporting Standards for Realist Evaluations informed presentation of study.

Patient or Public Contribution

Intensive care nurses contributed insights to refine the program theory.