bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Locomotive Syndrome pada Lansia
Authors: Wijanarko Fajar , Nugraha Susiana , Ulfa Laila , Alimoeso Sudibyo
Published: September 2023

Ageing atau proses penuaan adalah suatu proses yang terjadi secara bertahap seumur hidup yang sangat bervariasi, dan bersifat progresif dan kumulatif berupa penurunan fungsi fisiologis secara umum. Salah satu penurunan fungsi fisiologis adalah penurunan kekuatan otot dan keseimbangan yang mengakibatkan locomotive syndrome (LS). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap locomotive syndrome pada lansia di sekolah lansia Indonesia Ramah Lansia (IRL) Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai Juli 2022. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, desain penelitian cross sectional, dengan populasi peserta sekolah lansia IRL Jawa Barat berjumah 854, dengan purposive sampling sebanyak 200 responden. Analisis dilakukan secara bivariat dengan chi square dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan locomotive syndrome adalah Indeks Masa Tubuh (IMT) (nilai p = 0,010), hand grip strength (nilai p = 0,012) dan keseimbangan (nilai p = 0,001). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa factor keseimbangan merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap locomotive syndrome (nilai p = 0,001). Pencegahan locomotive syndrome  dapat dilakukan dengan IMT yang ideal, melakukan aktivitas fisik untuk menjaga kekuatan otot dan keseimbangan. Perempuan mempunyai risiko lebih tinggi terjadi locomotive syndrome, maka disarankan untuk memprekecil faktor risiko sejak dini.
Pengaruh Tingkat Stres terhadap Kejadian Kekambuhan Gastritis pada Anak Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Amin Noor Latifah , Fajrini Fini , Romdhona Nur , Dihartawan Dihartawan , Bashir Muiz Al
Published: September 2023

Penyakit gastritis memiliki angka kejadian yang relatif tinggi di Indonesia. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kekambuhan gastritis, salah satunya adalah stres. Siswa/i sekolah menengah atas memiliki beban yang berat dalam pendidikannya karena dalam rangka persiapan menuju tingkat perguruan tinggi yang memiliki persaingan yang ketat agar bisa masuk ke dalam perguruan tinggi yang berkualitas tinggi sehingga tidak mengurangi peluang terjadinya stres di kalangan siswa/i. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat stres dengan kekambuhan gastritis pada siswa/i SMKN 8 Kota Bekasi. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang. Lokasi pengumpulan data di lakukan di SMKN 8 Kota Bekasi pada bulan November 2022. Responden merupakan siswa/i SMKN 8 Kota Bekasi sebanyak 280 orang dan sampel diambil dengan menggunakan purpossive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar siswa mengalami stres ringan (53,9%) dan sedang (42,9%) dengan sebagian besar mengalami kekambuhan gastritis yaitu sebanyak 159 siswa (56,8%). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat stres dengan kejadian kekambuhan gastritis pada siswa/i SMKN 8 Kota Bekasi (nilai p = 0,000).
Kualitas Pelayanan Kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Militer
Authors: Sari Intan Rahma , Suar Haifa Pasca Nadira
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas kualitas pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit militer dari sisi sosiologis melalui lima dimensi pengukuran mutu kualitas pelayanan yang dikemukakan oleh Parasuraman, Zeithaml, dan Berry (1988): dimensi bukti fisik, keandalan, daya tanggap, jaminan, dan empati. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam pada enam pasien yang masing-masing berbeda status kepemilikan asuransi BPJS Kesehatan dan latar belakangnya serta observasi lapangan sebagai sumber data primer. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa Rumah Sakit Angkatan Udara dr. Esnawan Antariksa telah menerapkan pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas namun belum terlaksana dengan maksimal akibat pengaruh dari budaya kelembagaan militer. Variasi dalam kualitas pelayanan kesehatan yang dialami pasien dipengaruhi oleh latar belakang dan tingkat kepangkatan yang dimiliki, sehingga rumah sakit berbasis militer perlu mengevaluasi implementasi pelayanan kesehatan untuk memastikan optimalisasi prinsip ekuitas dalam sistem kesehatan.
Features of the influence of parents' education level on children's body weight
Authors: Horban N.Ye. , Slobodchenko L.M. , Lutsenko O.H. , Lapikura O.V. , Sliepakurova I.V. , Safir T.Yu.
Published: September 2023

The problem of deviation of body weight from normal indicators among children and adolescents is increasingly causing concern in both the medical and social aspects. This is primarily due to the high frequency of health disorders caused by such conditions (endocrine pathologies, diseases of the cardiovascular system, psycho-emotional disorders) that begin in childhood.

Aim. To investigate and determine the relationship between the level of education of parents and the body mass index of their child.

Materials and Methods. On the basis of the "Family and Children of Ukraine" program, the relationship between the level of education of parents and the body weight of adolescents was analyzed. For the analysis, a relative database of 1,075 teenagers aged 15-18 (residents of the Dnipropetrovsk region) were used. Answers from a set of questionnaires ("Questionnaire of the mother of a teenager 15-18 years old", "Questionnaire of a teenager 15-18 years old") were analyzed.

Results. Data were obtained that more than a quarter of children (both among boys and girls) in adolescence have deviations from normal indicators of the body mass index, regardless of the educational level of their parents. Among teenagers, where both parents have the same educational level, this indicator is 27.0% in the presence of secondary education in the couple and 27.7% in the presence of higher education in the couple. Deficit body weight of adolescents with secondary education in both parents was determined in 18.1% of the examined (among boys - in 16.7% of cases, among girls - in 19.6%); in the presence of higher education in both parents, body weight deficiency was determined in 14.2% of adolescents (among boys – in 11.5% of cases, among girls - in 16.3%). Increased body weight of adolescents with secondary education in both parents was determined in 8.8% of the examined (among boys - in 10.2% of cases, among girls - in 7.5%); in the presence of higher education in both parents, increased body weight was determined in 13.5% of adolescents (among boys - in 16.4% of cases, among girls - in 11.3%).

Conclusions. The obtained data indicate certain features of the influence of parents' education level on deviations from normal indicators of the mass index, both among boys and girls. This issue requires further scientific research to be taken into account when developing relevant recommendations and prevention programs.

Keywords: body mass index, education, teenagers, parents.
Pengaruh Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Terhadap Pembacaan kWh Meter Semi Digital
Authors: Surapati Alex , Panggabean Martin , Rosa Muhammad Khairul Amri
Published: September 2023

AbstrakEnergy measurement using a kWh meter must have good accuracy. The increasing use of non-linear electrical equipment causes harmonics in the network. This study aims to measure and analyze voltage, current, power, power factor and the percentage of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The research was carried out by designing and making a device in the form of an electrical circuit connected to a semi-digital kWh meter with a fixed load of 10 incandescent lamps with a power of 100 watts each and 1 single-phase induction motor. The test results show that the incandescent lamp load test produces a THD-I percentage of 3.5% and a THD-V percentage of 3.7% with a measurement error value of 0.675%. In the motor load test, the percentage of current harmonics becomes high at 16.6% and the THD-V percentage is 3.4% and the measurement error value is 3.48%. In testing the variation of the load combination of an induction motor and incandescent lamps, the percentage of THD-I is 5.8% and the percentage of THD-V is 3.2% with an error value of 3.57%. The greater the THD percentage value, the greater the reading error on the semi-digital kWh meter and the worse the resulting power factor value. Kata kunci: Non-linear load, kWh Meter, THD
Analisis Glukosa Serat Kasar pada Akar dan Daun Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes)
Authors: Yuana Hera , Syauqi Ahmad , Ramadhan Majida
Published: September 2023

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a plant that contains natural fibers in which there is lignocellulose consisting of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. The hydrolysis process can break cellulose and hemicellulose polymers into their constituent sugar monomers. Glucose can be used as an energy source for ruminants. This study aims to determine the crude fiber content in water hyacinth plants and to study the concentration of glucose hydrolyzate in the crude fiber component of water hyacinth. The research method is descriptive quantitative, namely the analysis of substances with the Weende method procedure and glucose test with acid hydrolysis (HCl). It was repeated 6 times consisting of roots and leaves. The results showed that the content of crude fiber and minerals in the roots was 43.8% and in the leaves was 29.4%. at the root of 12.05 mol/kg glucose. The presence of glucose content in water hyacinth crude fiber has the potential as a source of ruminant feed with proper hydrolysis application for feed.
Keywords: Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), Crude Fiber, Glucose, proximate test and acid hydrolysis
ABSTRAK
Tumbuhan eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) yang dianggap sebagai gulma perairan, dapat tumbuh dengan cepat dan memiliki kemampuan adaptasi yang tinggi sehingga dapat mengganggu ekosistem perairan jika jumlahnya tidak terkendali. Perlu adanya upaya pengedalian salah satunya dengan memanfaatkannya menjadi bahan pakan ternak ruminansia. Tumbuhan eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes)merupakan tumbuhan yang mengandung serat alam yang didalamnya terdapat lignoselulosa yang terdiri dari lignin, hemiselulosa dan selulosa. Dengan proses hidrolisis dapat memecahkan polimer selulosa dan hemiselulosa menjadi monomer gulapenyusunnya. Glukosa dapat dijadikan sumber energi bagi ternak ruminansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui untuk mengetahui kandungan serat kasar pada tumbuhan eceng gondok dan untuk mempelajari konsentrasi hidrolisat glukosa pada komponen serat kasar eceng gondok. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif yaitu analisis zat dengan prosedur metode weende dan uji glukosa dengan hidrolisis asam. Analisis data yaitu statistik deskriptif Dilakukan 6 kali ulangan terdiri atas bagian akar dan daun tanpa pengambilan mineralnya.Data hasil uji menunjukan adanya kandunganÂ  serat kasar dan mineral pada akar yaitu sebesar 43,8 % dan pada daun sebesar 29,4 %. data hasil uji glukosa menunjukan adanya glukosa dalam serat kasar eceng gondok pada daun sebesar 14,70 mol/kg glukosa dan pada akar 12,05 mol/kg glukosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya kandungan glukosa dari serat kasar eceng gondok yang berpotensi sebagai sumber pakan ruminansia dengan penerapan hidrolisis yang layak untuk pakan.
Kata kunci: Eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes), Serat Kasar, Glukosa, uji proksimat dan hidrolisis asam
STUDENT LEARNING INTEREST IN THE USE OF AUGMENTED REALITY MEDIA ON TRIANGLES AND QUADRILATERALS
Authors: Muhammad Ilham , Angraini Lilis Marina
Published: September 2023

Interactive multimedia is a learning model to generate thoughts, motivation, convey messages, and students' interests so as to encourage the teaching and learning process and the media is used to generate students' learning experiences to become more real. The purpose of the researchers conducting the research was to describe the interest in learning in students towards the use of Augmented media reality as learning media on triangle and quadrilateral material for class VII MTs. The researcher used a descriptive quantitative research method with 20 class VII MTs students as a random sample. This study used a non-test instrument in the form of a student learning interest questionnaire. Quantitative descriptive data analysis was used as a data analysis technique in this study. As for the results of student responses to the use of software Adobe Flash Cs6 Professional as a learning medium obtained a percentage with an average of 79.25% which is relatively high, this shows that students' responses to the use of Augmented media Reality as a positive learning media so that it can be used later for the learning process that can attract students' interest in learning
La conciencia histórica y literaria en los "Comentarios" de Duque de Estrada
Authors: Mateos Frühbeck Nicolás
Published: September 2023

En el presente trabajo se analizan los rasgos de ficcionalidad y de no-ficcionalidad que poseen los Comentarios del desengañado de sí mismo de Duque de Estrada. Hasta el momento, la cuestión de la ficción/no-ficción de la autobiografía ha sido un elemento clave para la crítica; sin embargo, las autobiografías militares de los siglos XVI y XVII se fundamentan en un paradigma de lectura diferente, además de supeditarse a una intención que justi2ca la razón de ser de la obra. Por ello, se tratará de analizar la literariedad y la aparente invención de la obra, supeditados a la intención última del autor.
"Les leían unos y otros comedias...": `Luján de Saavedra` y Quevedo ante la figura del "Mal Dramaturgo"
Authors: Brioso Santos Héctor
Published: September 2023

En los primeros años del XVII, el autor parapetado tras el nombre de Mateo Luján de Sayavedra y, poco después, Francisco de Quevedo pergeñaron sendas caricaturas de dos malos dramaturgos en sus respectivas novelas, la continuación apócrifa de Guzmán de Alfarache y el Buscón. En estas páginas doy razón de la compleja y elaborada imitación quevediana del motivo del apócrifo guzmaniano de 1602.
La imprenta anónima de la segunda edición de las "Empresas políticas" De Diego Saavedra Fajardo y detalles sobre la Princeps y su repercusión
Authors: López Poza Sagrario
Published: September 2023

La segunda edición de las Empresas políticas de Diego Saavedra Fajardo (Milán, 1642) no indica nombre de impresor y, al igual que la Editio Princeps (1640), presenta incongruencias de fechas. Recientes publicaciones de documentos relativos al autor y esas fechas nos han llevado a reinterpretar la causa de las adversidades profesionales que sufrió Saavedra como diplomático, provocadas, a nuestro juicio, por la publicación de esta obra. Aportamos también la identidad de la imprenta de la edición milanesa así como el diseñador y grabador de las picturae de las empresas.
El desmayo en las comedias urbanas de Lope de Vega: causas y remedios
Authors: Verducci Erica
Published: September 2023

El desmayo puede presentarse en el teatro lopesco como reacci.n espontánea y natural a un hecho especialmente relevante de la acción dramática o simulado para llamar la atención y obtener favores. Un rasgo que se encuentra relacionado principalmente con los personajes femeninos y que merece ser observado no solo en el ámbito de las estrategias para subrayar la volubilidad en la mujer, sino también desde un punto de vista pragm.tico o cient.fico. Partiendo de la lectura de la muy famosa El acero de Madrid, en este artículo se ofrece un comentario de los episodios de desmayo m.s notables en un conjunto de obras de Lope pertenecientes al género de la comedia urbana.
Circe: magia, ciencia y sexualidad dura de la norma en la literatura del Siglo de Oro
Authors: Gómez Jiménez Miguel
Published: September 2023

El presente artículo aborda el mito de Circe en relación con la magia, la ciencia y la sexualidad fuera de la norma en dos textos de la literatura áurea como son el Jardín de ,ores curiosas (1570) de Antonio de Torquemada y Coloquios matrimoniales (1550) de Pedro de Luján. Tratará de explicar la relación de Circe con la compleja y debatida cuestión de la época en torno a la magia natural como forma de ciencia experimental o como producto de la superstición, así como la manipulación del mito femenino como vehículo didáctico de enseñanza moral y cristiana. En ambos casos, el tratamiento del mito es un recurso literario empleado por los autores para justicar una posición ideológica sesgada que restringe el comportamiento de la mujer no solo en el ámbito de las relaciones sociales, sino en el entorno doméstico ligado al matrimonio.
«Произошли от вендов»: мифологема славянства в истории одного немецкого городского сообщества (“They Are of Slavic Origin”: The Slavic Mythologem in the History of One German Urban Community)
Authors: Бучатская Ю.
Published: September 2023

Историография взаимодействий вендов и германцев/немцев в Средневековье имеет богатую традицию и сложна прежде всего тем, что эта история отстоит далеко во времени от изучающих ее. Северная Бавария была одним из регионов в современной Германии, в котором в средние века проживали племена славян-вендов. В статье на примере истории обращения со славянской мифологемой применительно к франконскому городу Бамберг показано, как инструментализировался факт славянского прошлого территории в ХХ в. и как современные представители одной обособленной профессиональной группы этого города пользуются им для выстраивания границ своей группы. В конце XX – начале XXI вв. «славянскость» Бамберга, как и других бывших славянских территорий современной Германии, представляется воображаемыми вендами, известными нам только из письменных источников, фрагментарных находок археологов, фольклора, научных построений и интерпретаций разных эпох. Даже после смены парадигмы исторической и этнологической дисциплин венды продолжают оставаться частью социальной памяти Бамберга, хотя и в границах всего одной, небольшой по численности профессиональной группы городских овощеводов. Наряду с собственно образом вендов в городскую коллективную память оказались включены перипетии исторических интерпретаций вендского прошлого как результат трансфера научного знания через политику и пропаганду в массовую культуру.
The historiography of interactions between Slavs and Germans in the Middle Ages is enormous and complicated, first of all because this period is far distant in time from those who study it. Northern Bavaria was one of the German regions where Slavic tribes in the Middle Ages lived. On the example of one Slavic mythologeme in relation to the Franconian city of Bamberg, I sought to show how the Slavic past of the territory was instrumentalized in 20th century and how members of one specific professional group in Bamberg use it to construct boundaries around their group. In the late 20th – early 21st centuries, the “Slavicity” of Bamberg like other former Slavic territories of modern Germany seems to be manifested in the “imagined Slavs”, known only from written sources, fragmentary archeological finds, folklore, scientific constructions and interpretations from different historical ages. Even after the paradigm change in historical and ethnological disciplines, the ancient Slavs remain a part of Bamberg's social memory within the boundaries of a small professional group. Together with the very image of Slavs, the urban collective memory includes the vicissitudes of historical interpretations of the Slavic past as a result of the transfer of scientific knowledge into popular culture through politics and propaganda.
Определение «индейца» и «индейского» в мексиканском интеллектуальном пространстве в первой половине XX в. (Definition of “Indian” and “Indigenous” in the Mexican Intellectual Space of the First Half of the 20th Century)
Authors: Молодчикова Т.
Published: September 2023

Национальный вопрос в постколониальных государствах представляет собой одну из центральных тем как политического, так и сугубо интеллектуального дискурса. Сложный этнический состав мексиканского общества шёл вразрез с политикой национальной унификации, проводимой мексиканским постреволюционным правительством. В настоящей статье рассматривается проблема «индейца» в работах мексиканских философов и антропологов начала – середины XX в., которые выработали основные подходы, характеризующие индейское население и его роль в построении мексиканского государства. В рамках методологии интеллектуальной истории, в частности анализа дискурсивных практик при определении «индейского» в мексиканском академическом поле, были выделены биологический (расовый), историко-культурный и психолингвистический подходы. Была прослежена трансформация представлений о месте индейца в обществе «нового типа» в работах ряда мексиканских авторов – А. Молины Энрикеса (теория расовой унификации), Х. Васконселоса (теория биологической и культурной метисации), М. Гамио (индихинисткий проект), А. Касо (интегралистский проект с сохранением некоторых элементов индейской идентичности). В результате проведенного исследования был сделан вывод о влиянии антропологического дискурса на государственную политику мексиканского государства по отношению к индейскому населению.
The national question in postcolonial societies is one of the central topics in both political and purely intellectual discourse. The complex ethnic composition of Mexican society was against post-revolutionary government policy of national unification. In this article are considered the problem of determining of the “Indian” in the works of Mexican philosophers and anthropologists in the early-to-mid twentieth century, and the main approaches to defining the indigenous population and its role in the construction of the new Mexican state. Within the methodology of intellectual history, particularly the analysis of discursive practices in defining the “Indian” in the Mexican intellectual field, 3 fundamental approaches were identified: biological (racial), historical-cultural, and psycholinguistic. The study was demonstrated the transformation of the representations and the functions of the Native population in the "new type" society, represented in the works of various Mexican authors - A. Molina Enríquez (theory of racial unification), J. Vasconcelos (theory of biological and cultural miscegenation), M. Gamio (indigenist project), A. Caso (integrative project with the preservation of certain elements of indigenous identity). As a result of this research, it was established the influence of anthropological discourse on the state policy of the Mexican government towards the indigenous population.
Российский и турецкий векторы стратегической политики Гагаузии в контексте культурно-цивилизационных ориентиров гагаузов (Russian and Turkish Vectors of the Strategic Policy of Gagauzia in the Context of Cultural and Civilizational Orientations)
Authors: Квилинкова Е.
Published: September 2023

В статье рассматриваются прикладываемые Гагаузской автономией усилия по реализации своей стратегической политики и выбор ею внешних союзников. Отмечается, что политика гагаузского руководства основана на стратегии балансирования между двумя векторами – Россией (исторический союзник) и Турцией (естественный союзник). Анализируются выстраиваемые Гагаузией приоритеты сотрудничества. Автор рассматривает их в связи с особенностями культурно-цивилизационных ориентиров гагаузов, а также через призму результатов турецкого влияния на национальную идентичность гагаузов. Констатируется, что гагаузы жизненно заинтересованы в сохранении Республикой Молдова суверенитета, так как он во многом является гарантом существования их автономного образования – Гагауз Ери. Подчеркивается, что только в рамках автономии гагаузы могут развиваться как отдельный этнос и сохранять свою эксклюзивность – тюркскость и православие. Делается вывод о том, что сложившиеся в регионе социально-экономические условия и политическая обстановка заставляет Гагаузию проводить двувекторную внешнюю политику.
The article examines the efforts made by the Gagauz autonomy to implement its strategic policy and its choice of external allies. The policy of the Gagauz authorities is based on a strategy of balancing between two vectors – Russia (historical ally) and Turkey (natural ally). The article analyzes the priorities of cooperation developed by Gagauzia. The author examines them in connection with the cultural and civilizational orientations of the Gagauz, and through the prism of the Turkish influence on the Gagauz national identity. The Gagauz people are vitally interested in the preservation of the Republic of Moldova's sovereignty, as it guarantees the existence of their autonomous entity – Gagauz Yeri. Only within the autonomy the Gagauz can develop as a separate ethnic group and maintain their exclusivity manifested through Turkic identity and Orthodox religion. It is concluded that the social and economic conditions and political situation in the region forces Gagauzia to pursue a two-vector foreign policy.
A dual-binding magnetic immunoassay to predict spontaneous preterm birth
Authors: Sveiven Michael , Gassman Andrew , Rosenberg Joshua , Chan Matthew , Boniface Jay , O’Donoghue Anthony J. , Laurent Louise C. , Hall Drew A.
Published: September 2023

Complications posed by preterm birth (delivery before 37 weeks of pregnancy) are a leading cause of newborn morbidity and mortality. The previous discovery and validation of an algorithm that includes maternal serum protein biomarkers, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 (IBP4), with clinical factors to predict preterm birth represents an opportunity for the development of a widely accessible point-of-care assay to guide clinical management. Toward this end, we developed SHBG and IBP4 quantification assays for maternal serum using giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors and a self-normalizing dual-binding magnetic immunoassay. The assays have a picomolar limit of detections (LOD) with a relatively broad dynamic range that covers the physiological level of the analytes as they change throughout gestation. Measurement of serum from pregnant donors using the GMR assays was highly concordant with those obtained using a clinical mass spectrometry (MS)-based assay for the same protein markers. The MS assay requires capitally intense equipment and highly trained operators with a few days turnaround time, whereas the GMR assays can be performed in minutes on small, inexpensive instruments with minimal personnel training and microfluidic automation. The potential for high sensitivity, accuracy, and speed of the GMR assays, along with low equipment and personnel requirements, make them good candidates for developing point-of-care tests. Rapid turnaround risk assessment for preterm birth would enable patient testing and counseling at the same clinic visit, thereby increasing the timeliness of recommended interventions.
The multistep path to replicative senescence onset: zooming on triggering and inhibitory events at telomeric DNA
Authors: Pizzul Paolo , Rinaldi Carlo , Bonetti Diego
Published: September 2023

Replicative senescence is an essential cellular process playing important physiological functions, but it is better known for its implications in aging, cancer, and other pathologies. One of the main triggers of replicative senescence is telomere shortening and/or its dysfunction and, therefore, a deep understanding of the molecular determinants is crucial. However, replicative senescence is a heterogeneous and hard to study process, especially in mammalian cells, and some important questions still need an answer. These questions concern i) the exact molecular causes triggering replicative senescence, ii) the role of DNA repair mechanisms and iii) the importance of R-loops at telomeres in regulating senescence onset, and iv) the mechanisms underlying the bypass of replicative senescence. In this review, we will report and discuss recent findings about these mechanisms both in mammalian cells and in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Fluorine removal from sodium tungstate ion exchange effluent by precipitation with addition of lanthanum chloride
Authors: Wan Linsheng , Zhao Lifu , Cao Caifang , Gong Dandan , Zeng Xuepin , Yang Liang
Published: September 2023

The waste water generated from the sodium tungstate ion exchange process of scheelite hydrometallurgical extraction contains a certain concentration of fluorine ion, which caused environmental pollution and harmed human health. In this study, a new method for removing fluorine from the wastewater by precipitation with addition of lanthanum chloride was proposed. In the process, fluorine was removed by from the solution as insoluble lanthanum fluoride precipitates. To explore the favourable conditions for the formation of lanthanum fluoride, thermodynamic analysis of the La-F-H2O system was conducted. Results show that lanthanum fluoride is stable when the solution pH value is between 1.0 and 10.0, and the lanthanum fluoride is gradually converted into lanthana hydroxide when the pH value is more than 10.0 at 298K. The effects of various parameters on the fluorine removal were studied, and the optimum process parameters were determined. More than 92% of the fluorine can be removed when the concentration of fluorine in the solution ranged from 60 to 400 mg/L, the dosage of lanthanum chloride was 1.3 times of the theoretical amount, the pH value was 8.0 at 60°C for 30 min. After removing fluorine from the solution, the resiual fluorine concentrtion was lower than 10 mg/L, which could meet the requirement of national wastewater discharge.
Transcatheter heart valve interventions for patients with rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Weich Hellmuth , Herbst Philip , Smit Francis , Doubell Anton
Published: September 2023

Rheumatic heart disease [RHD] is the most prevalent cause of valvular heart disease in the world, outstripping degenerative aortic stenosis numbers fourfold. Despite this, global resources are firmly aimed at improving the management of degenerative disease. Reasons remain complex and include lack of resources, expertise, and overall access to valve interventions in developing nations, where RHD is most prevalent. Is it time to consider less invasive alternatives to conventional valve surgery? Several anatomical and pathological differences exist between degenerative and rheumatic valves, including percutaneous valve landing zones. These are poorly documented and may require dedicated solutions when considering percutaneous intervention. Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) is the treatment of choice for severe mitral stenosis (MS) but is reserved for patients with suitable valve anatomy without significant mitral regurgitation (MR), the commonest lesion in RHD. Valvuloplasty also rarely offers a durable solution for patients with rheumatic aortic stenosis (AS) or aortic regurgitation (AR). MR and AR pose unique challenges to successful transcatheter valve implantation as landing zone calcification, so central in docking transcatheter aortic valves in degenerative AS, is often lacking. Surgery in young RHD patients requires mechanical prostheses for durability but morbidity and mortality from both thrombotic complications and bleeding on Warfarin remains excessively high. Also, redo surgery rates are high for progression of aortic valve disease in patients with prior mitral valve replacement (MVR). Transcatheter treatments may offer a solution to anticoagulation problems and address reoperation in patients with prior MVR or failing ventricles, but would have to be tailored to the rheumatic environment. The high prevalence of MR and AR, lack of calcification and other unique anatomical challenges remain. Improvements in tissue durability, the development of novel synthetic valve leaflet materials, dedicated delivery systems and docking stations or anchoring systems to securely land the transcatheter devices, would all require attention. We review the epidemiology of RHD and discuss anatomical differences between rheumatic valves and other pathologies with a view to transcatheter solutions. The shortcomings of current RHD management, including current transcatheter treatments, will be discussed and finally we look at future developments in the field.
Impact of first and second/third wave of COVID-19 pandemic on post-acute cardiovascular outcomes in Lombardy
Authors: Ojeda-Fernández Luisa , Baviera Marta , Foresta Andreana , Tettamanti Mauro , Zambon Antonella , Macaluso Giulia , Schena Simone , Leoni Olivia , Fortino Ida , Roncaglioni Maria Carla , Parati Gianfranco
Published: September 2023

Background

COVID-19 has been associated with a higher risk of post-acute complications. Our aim was to analyze and compare post-acute cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 survivors of the first and second/third pandemic waves in Lombardy, in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods and results

We included adults aged ≥40 years infected during the first and second/third waves of COVID-19 pandemic. The follow-up initiated 30 days after COVID-19 diagnosis and continued up to 9 months. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the post-acute cardiovascular outcomes were calculated against an inverse probability treatment weighted control group. Subgroup analysis were performed by age classes, sex, previous cardiovascular disease and stratified by COVID-19 hospitalization status to explore the impact of COVID-19 severity on outcomes. Compared to the control group, COVID-19 patients had an increased risk of hospitalization for any cardiovascular complications (HR 1st wave 1.53 95% CI: 1.38–1.69; HR 2nd/3rd wave 1.25 95% CI: 1.19–1.31) and for individual cardiovascular outcomes, although HRs were higher in COVID-19 group from the 1st pandemic wave. The results were confirmed in the subgroup analyses. Of note, the risk for any cardiovascular disease was also evident even among individuals who were not hospitalized during the acute phase of the infection.

Conclusion

Our results provide evidence that COVID-19 is a risk factor for post-acute cardiovascular complications among different pandemic waves regardless of COVID-19 severity, age, sex and a history of cardiovascular diseases. Care strategies of people with COVID-19 should include cardiac monitoring.
Perspectives on artificial intelligence in healthcare from a Patient and Public Involvement Panel in Japan: an exploratory study
Authors: Katirai Amelia , Yamamoto Beverley Anne , Kogetsu Atsushi , Kato Kazuto
Published: September 2023

Patients and members of the public are the end users of healthcare, but little is known about their views on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, particularly in the Japanese context. This paper reports on an exploratory two-part workshop conducted with members of a Patient and Public Involvement Panel in Japan, which was designed to identify their expectations and concerns about the use of AI in healthcare broadly. 55 expectations and 52 concerns were elicited from workshop participants, who were then asked to cluster and title these expectations and concerns. Thematic content analysis was used to identify 12 major themes from this data. Participants had notable expectations around improved hospital administration, improved quality of care and patient experience, and positive changes in roles and relationships, and reductions in costs and disparities. These were counterbalanced by concerns about problematic changes to healthcare and a potential loss of autonomy, as well as risks around accountability and data management, and the possible emergence of new disparities. The findings reflect participants' expectations for AI as a possible solution for long-standing issues in healthcare, though their overall balanced view of AI mirrors findings reported in other contexts. Thus, this paper offers initial, novel insights into perspectives on AI in healthcare from the Japanese context. Moreover, the findings are used to argue for the importance of involving patient and public stakeholders in deliberation on AI in healthcare.
How “basic” is basic digital literacy for older adults? Insights from digital skills instructors
Authors: Vercruyssen Anina , Schirmer Werner , Geerts Nelly , Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: September 2023

Introduction

With the continuing advancement of digitalization of everyday life, digital literacy becomes more and more a necessity. As a consequence, those who are digitally illiterate experience digital exclusion, which increasingly equals social exclusion. Older adults are typically less digitally active and also less skilled in digital technologies than younger cohorts. Digital inclusion frameworks by governmental and supra-national organizations, on the one hand, and academic definitions of “digital literacy” or “digital skills”, on the other hand, tend to include a broad set of competencies next to technical understanding, such as cognitive and social-emotional skills. However, we argue the problem that expectations of what digital literacy commonly entails are too high level for older adults with no pre-existing digital experience with computers, internet, smartphones, or tablets. Even what is considered as entry-level, basic digital skills, or foundational skills, can be very demanding for older adults with limited or no prior knowledge of and practice with digital technologies.

Methods

To make our point, we draw on own data from interviews with 26 digital skills instructors who give training to older adults in Belgium (collected between December 2020 and February 2021).

Results

We provide empirical evidence for the circumstances that even seemingly basic digital skills, such as getting a device started or downloading apps, can be very demanding and anything but trivial for older adults without prior experience. We demonstrate evidence along three interrelated domains: (1) ICT-jargon and terminology; (2) Hardware; (3) Software and Internet. Each of these domains entail hurdles of knowledge and understanding that need to be overcome for these older adults before we can start addressing the higher goals of digital literacy frameworks.

Discussion

The main implication from this article is that even the most basic tenets of digital technology are neither trivial nor simple to grasp for older adults with no or limited prior experience — a point not sufficiently addressed by current frameworks of digital skills/literacy/competence.
Effects of hypertension on subcortical nucleus morphological alternations in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cui Feng , Ouyang Zhi-Qiang , Zeng Yi-Zhen , Ling Bing-Bing , Shi Li , Zhu Yun , Gu He-Yi , Jiang Wan-Lin , Zhou Ting , Sun Xue-Jin , Han Dan , Lu Yi
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and hypertension(HTN) are common comorbidities, and known to affect the brain. However, little is known about the effects of the coexisting HTN on brain in T2DM patients. So we aim to investigate the impact of HTN on the subcortical nucleus morphological alternations in T2DM patients.

Materials & methods

This work was registered by the clinicaltrials.gov (grant number NCT03564431). We recruited a total of 92 participants, comprising 36 only T2DM patients, 28 T2DM patients with HTN(T2DMH) and 28 healthy controls(HCs) in our study. All clinical indicators were assessed and brain image data was collected for each participant. Voxel-based morphometry(VBM), automatic volume and vertex-based shape analyses were used to determine the subcortical nucleus alternations from each participant’s 3D-T1 brain images and evaluate the relationship between the alternations and clinical indicators.

Results

T2DMH patients exhibited volumetric reduction and morphological alterations in thalamus compared to T2DM patients, whereas T2DM patients did not demonstrate any significant subcortical alterations compared to HCs. Furthermore, negative correlations have been found between thalamic alternations and the duration of HTN in T2DMH patients.

Conclusion

Our results revealed that HTN may exacerbate subcortical nucleus alternations in T2DM patients, which highlighted the importance of HTN management in T2DM patients to prevent further damage to the brain health.
Treatment of hypothalamic obesity in people with hypothalamic injury: new drugs are on the horizon
Authors: Roth Christian L. , Zenno Anna
Published: September 2023

Hypothalamic obesity (HO) is a complex and rare disorder affecting multiple regulatory pathways of energy intake and expenditure in the brain as well as the regulation of the autonomic nervous system and peripheral hormonal signaling. It can be related to monogenic obesity syndromes which often affect the central leptin-melanocortin pathways or due to injury of the hypothalamus from pituitary and hypothalamic tumors, such as craniopharyngioma, surgery, trauma, or radiation to the hypothalamus. Traditional treatments of obesity, such as lifestyle intervention and specific diets, are still a therapeutic cornerstone, but often fail to result in meaningful and sustained reduction of body mass index. This review will give an update on pharmacotherapies of HO related to hypothalamic injury. Recent obesity drug developments are promising for successful obesity intervention outcomes.
Fleeting fields of Zadar (Croatia): characterizing millennial-scale urban landcover change, green space, and resilience into the twenty first century
Authors: Zaro Gregory , Blaće Ante , Baraka Perica Josipa , Čelhar Martina , Jurković Pešić Filipa , Gusar Karla
Published: September 2023

Cities are a growing factor in global change today, but urbanization as a process has played a significant role in shaping our planet’s environments for millennia. Exploring the longevity or persistence of cityscapes can therefore reveal qualities that may have strengthened urban sustainability or resilience over long periods. In the Mediterranean, many ancient cities lie in ruin and are fully formed archaeological sites, while others reflect continuous growth and expansion into the modern era, often replacing what has traditionally been a rural mosaic of green space with a more homogenized urban landcover. Green spaces like cultivated lands, urban forests, recreational parks, and green belts are essential components of urban resilience, as they build adaptive capacity by improving human health and livelihoods, reducing surface runoff and erosion, and mitigating urban heat island effects, among others. Protection of green space in urban and peri-urban contexts also offers greater capacity to transform in the face of uncertain change. This paper centers on the ancient city of Zadar along Croatia’s Adriatic coast to characterize broad millennial-scale changes in urban landcover and green space. The results suggest that the distribution of urban landcover and green space appears to have been fairly stable for much of Zadar’s 3,000-year history, which arguably played a significant role in its persistence into the present era. However, the pace and scale of urban development, as well as the corresponding losses of green space, have accelerated from the mid-twentieth century onward, depleting a major source of socioecological resilience that has benefitted the city since the Iron Age. Archaeological and historical fields of study provide a deep temporal context to these contemporary challenges and are well-suited to identify and promote the locally and historically distinctive character of surviving green spaces. Land use legacies stemming from Roman surveying and historic field clearance practices around Zadar have resulted in one of the most distinctive and well-preserved physical manifestations of ancient and historic land use in the Mediterranean. Recognition of their cultural significance, even in their diminished state, would add further value for their protection and continued capacity toward urban resilience in the next century.
The silent assumption of the masking hypothesis: avian auditory processing and implications for behavioral responses to anthropogenic noise
Authors: Fossesca Mark , Henry Kenneth Stuart , Chou Trina L. , Gall Megan D.
Published: September 2023

Anthropogenic noise and its impact on wildlife has recently received considerable attention. Research interest began to increase at the turn of the century and the number of publications investigating the effects of anthropogenic noise has been growing steadily ever since. Songbirds have been a major focus in the study of anthropogenic noise effects, with a significant portion of the literature focusing on the changes in singing behavior in noise. Many of these studies have found increases in the amplitude or frequency of song, or changes in the temporal patterning of song production, putatively due to the masking effects of noise. Implicit in the masking hypothesis is the assumption that all species process sounds in noise similarly and will therefore be subject to similar masking effects. However, the emerging comparative literature on auditory processing in birds suggests that there may be significant differences in how different species process sound, both in quiet and in noise. In this paper we will (1) briefly review the literature on anthropogenic noise and birds, (2) provide a mechanistic overview of how noise impacts auditory processing, (3) review what is known about the comparative avian auditory processing in noise, and (4) discuss the implications of species level differences in auditory processing for behavioral and physiological responses to anthropogenic noise.
Induction of broad multifunctional CD8+ and CD4+ T cells by hepatitis B virus antigen-based synthetic long peptides ex vivo
Authors: Jansen Diahann T. S. L. , de Beijer Monique T. A. , Luijten Robbie J. , Kwappenberg Kitty , Wiekmeijer Anna-Sophia , Kessler Amy L. , Pieterman Roel F. A. , Bouzid Rachid , Krebber Willem-Jan , de Man Robert A. , Melief Cornelis J. M. , Buschow Sonja I.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Therapeutic vaccination based on synthetic long peptides (SLP®) containing both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes is a promising treatment strategy for chronic hepatitis B infection (cHBV).

Methods

We designed SLPs for three HBV proteins, HBcAg and the non-secreted proteins polymerase and X, and investigated their ability to induce T cell responses ex vivo. A set of 17 SLPs was constructed based on viral protein conservation, functionality, predicted and validated binders for prevalent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) supertypes, validated HLA I epitopes, and chemical producibility.

Results

All 17 SLPs were capable of inducing interferon gamma (IFNɣ) production in samples from four or more donors that had resolved an HBV infection in the past (resolver). Further analysis of the best performing SLPs demonstrated activation of both CD8+ and CD4+ multi-functional T cells in one or more resolver and patient sample(s). When investigating which SLP could activate HBV-specific T cells, the responses could be traced back to different peptides for each patient or resolver.

Discussion

This indicates that a large population of subjects with different HLA types can be covered by selecting a suitable mix of SLPs for therapeutic vaccine design. In conclusion, we designed a set of SLPs capable of inducing multifunctional CD8+ and CD4+ T cells ex vivo that create important components for a novel therapeutic vaccine to cure cHBV.
The interplay of inflammation and remodeling in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis: current understanding and future directions
Authors: Gong Xinru , Han Zhoutong , Fan Hongli , Wu Yuqi , He Yuanqiong , Fu Yijie , Zhu Tianmin , Li Hui
Published: September 2023

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a common clinical condition characterized by persistent mucosal inflammation and tissue remodeling, has a complex pathogenesis that is intricately linked to innate and adaptive immunity. A number of studies have demonstrated that a variety of immune cells and cytokines that play a vital role in mediating inflammation in CRS are also involved in remodeling of the nasal mucosa and the cells as well as different cytokines involved in remodeling in CRS are also able to exert some influence on inflammation, even though the exact relationship between inflammation and remodeling in CRS has not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, the potential role of immune cells and cytokines in regulating inflammation and remodeling of CRS mucosa has been described, starting with the immune cells and cytokines that act together in inflammation and remodeling. The goal is to aid researchers in understanding intimate connection between inflammation and remodeling of CRS and to offer novel ideas for future research.