bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of transamination reactions and protein turnover on labeling dynamics in 13C‐labeling experiments
Authors: Grotkjær Thomas , Åkesson Mats , Christensen Bjarke , Gombert Andreas K. , Nielsen Jens
Published: March 2004

A dynamic model describing carbon atom transitions in the central metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to investigate the influence of transamination reactions and protein turnover on the transient behavior of 13C‐labeling chemostat experiments. The simulations performed suggest that carbon exchange due to transamination and protein turnover can significantly increase the required time needed for metabolites in the TCA cycle to reach isotopic steady state, which is in agreement with published experimental observations. On the other hand, transamination and protein turnover will speed‐up the net rate of incorporation of labeled carbon into some free and protein‐bound amino acids. The simulation results indicate that the pattern of labeled carbon incorporation into amino acids obtained from biomass hydrolysate shows significant deviation from the commonly assumed first‐order kinetics behavior until after three residence times. These observations suggest that greater caution should be used while also pointing to new opportunities in the design and interpretation of 13C‐labeling experiments. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐rate sulfate reduction at high salinity (up to 90 mS.cm−1) in mesophilic UASB reactors
Authors: Vallero Marcus V. G. , Sipma Jan , Lettinga Gatze , Lens Piet N. L.
Published: March 2004

Sulfate reduction in salt‐rich wastewaters using unadapted granular sludge was investigated in 0.9 L UASB reactors (pH 7.0 ± 0.2; hydraulic retention time from 8–14 h) fed with acetate, propionate, or ethanol at organic loading rates up to 10 gCOD.L−1.day−1 and in excess sulfate (COD/SO of 0.5). High‐rate sulfate reduction rates (up to 3.7 gSO42‐.L−1.day−1) were achieved at salinities exceeding 50 gNaCl.L−1 and 1 gMgCl2.L−1. Sulfate reduction proceeded at a salinity of up to 70 gNaCl.L−1 and 1 gMgCl2.L−1 (corresponding to a conductivity of about 85–90 mS.cm−1), although at lower rates compared to a conductivity of 60–70 mS.cm−1. Ethanol as well as propionate were suitable substrates for sulfate reduction, with acetate and sulfide as the end products. The successful high‐rate treatment was due to the proliferation of a halotolerant incomplete oxidizing SRB population present in the unadapted inoculum sludge. Bioaugmentation of this sludge with the acetate oxidizing halotolerant SRB Desulfobacter halotolerans was unsuccessful, as the strain washed out from the UASB reactor without colonizing the UASB granules. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Digital quantitative measurements of gene expression
Authors: Mikkilineni Venugopal , Mitra Robi D. , Merritt Joshua , DiTonno Jason R. , Church George M. , Ogunnaike Babatunde , Edwards Jeremy S.
Published: March 2004

One of the primary goals of functional genomics is to provide a quantitative understanding of gene function. However, the success of this enterprise is dependent on the accuracy and precision of the functional genomic data. A novel approach, digital analysis of gene expression (DAGE) described herein, is an accurate and precise technology for measuring digital gene expression on a relative or absolute scale by simply counting the number of transcripts of a gene being expressed at a given time. The result is a greatly improved technology sensitive enough for identifying and quantifying small (but biologically important and statistically relevant) changes in gene expression. Fourteen genes involved in galactose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were analyzed for their expression levels in glucose and galactose minimal media. The quantitative expression results were characterized in terms of distributional and accuracy attributes; they were also in general agreement (in terms of direction of change) with corresponding results obtained using microarray technology. DAGE is likely to have profound implications in the field of functional genomics because the gene expression measurements are digital in nature and therefore more accurate than any other technologies. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of rifamycin B fermentation in shake flasks via a machine‐learning‐based approach
Authors: Bapat Prashant M. , Wangikar Pramod P.
Published: March 2004

Rifamycin B is an important polyketide antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy. We present results on medium optimization for Rifamycin B production via a barbital insensitive mutant strain of Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699. Machine‐learning approaches such as Genetic algorithm (GA), Neighborhood analysis (NA) and Decision Tree technique (DT) were explored for optimizing the medium composition. Genetic algorithm was applied as a global search algorithm while NA was used for a guided local search and to develop medium predictors. The fermentation medium for Rifamycin B consisted of nine components. A large number of distinct medium compositions are possible by variation of concentration of each component. This presents a large combinatorial search space. Optimization was achieved within five generations via GA as well as NA. These five generations consisted of 178 shake‐flask experiments, which is a small fraction of the search space. We detected multiple optima in the form of 11 distinct medium combinations. These medium combinations provided over 600% improvement in Rifamycin B productivity. Genetic algorithm performed better in optimizing fermentation medium as compared to NA. The Decision Tree technique revealed the media–media interactions qualitatively in the form of sets of rules for medium composition that give high as well as low productivity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regulator neuronaler Gene: Zinkfingerprotein REST
Authors: Thiel Gerald , Lietz Michael
Published: March 2004

Die molekulare Grundlage für die Unterschiede zwischen einzelnen Zelltypen liegt in der spezifischen Genexpression. Das Zinkfingerprotein RE‐1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST), ein transkriptioneller Repressor, der hauptsächlich in nicht‐neuronalen Zellen synthetisiert wird, bindet an die regulatorische Region vieler neuronaler Gene und verhindert deren Expression in nicht‐neuronalen Zellen. In Nervenzellen ist REST nur in extrem geringer Konzentration zu finden, so dass die Expression neuronaler Gene nicht blockiert wird. Der molekulare Mechanismus der transkriptionellen Repression via REST beruht auf einer Änderung der Chromatinstruktur.
Das Pfeilgift der Kalahari‐San: Tödliche Käferlarven
Authors: Neuwinger Hans‐Dieter
Published: March 2004

Die San oder Buschmänner der Kalahari im südlichen Afrika verwenden seit jeher Larven von auf Commiphora und Sclerocarya lebenden Käfern als Quelle für ihre Pfeilgifte. Es handelt sich dabei um Larven von pflanzenfressenden Blattkäfern (Diamphidia‐ und Polyclada‐Arten) und auf ihnen schmarotzenden, fleischfressenden Laufkäfern (Lebistina‐Arten). In den letzten 25 Jahren gelang es, das giftige Prinzip zu isolieren. Das Diamphidiatoxin genannte Toxin erwies sich als ein mit Wasser leicht extrahierbares, hitzeempfindliches, basisches Protein vom Molgewicht 50.000 — 60.000, einem isolelektischen Punkt bei 8, 0 — 9, 5 und hoher Letalität bei Labortieren. Es wirkt sowohl auf rote Blutzellen als auch auf alle erregbaren Zellen. Eine extrem schnelle, massive Hämolyse und die Störung des Eletrolytgleichgewichts stehen im Vordergrund; Neurotoxizität, Krämpfe, Schwäche und Lähmung sind weitere wichtige Aspekte seiner Wirkung. Es bestehen zum Teil noch erhebliche Diskrepanzen in der endgültigen Beurteilung des Giftes. Kokons, Larven, Käfer und Giftpfeile werden in Fotos vorgestellt.
Salzliebende Mikroorganismen: Leben am Rande der Löslichkeit von Kochsalz
Authors: Zimmermann Peter , Pfeifer Felicitas
Published: March 2004

Einige Mikroorganismen können Lebensräume besiedeln, die Salzkonzentrationen bis zur maximalen Löslichkeit von NaCl enthalten. Für das Leben bei hohen Salzkonzentrationen haben diese Mikroorganismen spezielle Strategien entwickelt, um ihr Cytoplasma isoosmotisch zum Außenmedium zu halten. Bei der compatible‐solutes‐Strategie werden intrazellulär große Mengen kleiner organischer Moleküle angereichert, die selbst in hohen intrazellulären Konzentrationen die Funktion der nicht an hohe Salzkonzentrationen angepassten Enzyme erlauben. Bei der salt‐in‐Strategie hat die Evolution die Proteine der Halobakterien in ihrer Struktur und ihren chemischen Eigenschaften so angepasst, dass sie bei hohen Salzkonzentrationen aktiv sind und im Cytoplasma eine iso‐osmotische Menge an KCl angereichert werden kann. Um in den hypersalinen Lebensräumen zu den oberen Gewässerschichten zu gelangen, wo Licht und Sauerstoff ausreichend verfügbar sind, bilden einige halophile Archaea Gasvesikel, um ihre Schwebdichte zu verringern.
Paul Berg
Authors: Bandara Samuel
Published: March 2004

1972 schuf Paul Berg die erste rekombinante DNA und erhielt dafür 1980 den Nobelpreis. Sein Name wird verbunden mit der legendären Asilomar‐Konferenz zur Sicherheit in der gentechnischen Forschung (1975). Als prominenter Fürsprecher der Stammzellforschung engagiert er sich in der aktuellen politischen Diskussion.
Atlas der Fledermauswanderungen
Authors: Irsch Wilhelm
Published: March 2004

Nicht nur unter Vögeln, auch unter Säugetieren gibt es Zugverhalten. Die rund 38 europäischen Fledermausarten zeigen wie ihre gefiederten Wirbeltierverwandten ein ganz unterschiedliches Wanderverhalten: Einige sind Fernwanderer, andere Mittelstreckenzieher und wieder andere sind ausgesprochen standorttreu. Am Bonner Zoologischen Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK) wird nun ein Atlas der Fledermauswanderungen in Mitteleuropa erarbeitet, der als wesentliche Informationsgrundlage für den europaweiten Fledermausschutz (EUROBATS) dienen kann.
Schnecke als Gärtnerin
Authors: Knoll Ulrike
Published: March 2004

In den Salzmarschen entlang der nordamerikanischen Atlantikküste legt eine Schnecke auf zerfaserten Blättern „Beete”︁ an, auf denen Pilze wachsen. Gut gedüngt mit eigenem Mist keimt das Saatgut — und belohnt die Gärtnerin mit einer reichen Ernte.
Zauberkünstler Geruchsrezeptor
Authors: Brennicke Axel
Published: March 2004

Japanische Forscher fanden heraus, dass der aktive chemische Rezeptor in einer Geruchsnervenzelle alle Gene für andere Rezeptoren abschaltet. Diese Rezeptoren sind damit wahre Wundermoleküle, die neben ihrer eigentlichen Aufgabe als Chemosensoren zusätzlich die Wachstumsrichtung der Riechnervenzellen bestimmen und bei der Genschaltung mitmischen.
Delayed portal vein thrombosis after experimental radiofrequency ablation near the main portal vein
Authors: Ng K K C , Lam C M , Poon R T P , Shek T W H , Fan S T , Wong J
Published: March 2004

Background

Portal venous blood flow may protect adjacent tumour cells from thermal destruction with radiofrequency ablation (RFA). This study aimed to investigate the local effect of RFA on the main portal vein branch, and the completeness of cellular ablation in its vicinity, with or without a Pringle manoeuvre using a porcine model.

Methods

This was an in vivo study on 23 domestic pigs. RFA using a cooled-tip electrode was performed 5 mm from the left main portal vein branch under ultrasonographic guidance for 12 min with (n = 10) or without (n = 10) a Pringle manoeuvre. Ten pigs were killed 4 h after the procedure to study the early effects of RFA and ten others were killed 1 week later to determine any delayed effect. As a control, sham operations with a Pringle manoeuvre for 12 min were performed on three pigs. The flow velocity changes of portal vein and hepatic artery were measured using Doppler ultrasonography, and the completeness of cellular ablation around the portal vein was assessed qualitatively by histochemical staining and quantitatively by measuring intracellular levels of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP).

Results

In the absence of the Pringle manoeuvre, there was no significant change in mean(s.d.) portal vein flow velocity before RFA (20·0(3·5) cm/s) and at 4 h (18·5(2·5) cm/s) (P = 0·210) and 1 week (19·5(2·2) cm/s) (P = 0·500) after the procedure. Gross and histological examination of the portal vein branches showed no damage without the Pringle manoeuvre. In all pigs that underwent RFA with a Pringle manoeuvre, the portal vein was occluded 1 week after the operation; histological examination of the affected portal vein showed severe thermal injury and associated venous thrombosis. The local effect of RFA on the hepatic artery was similar. With intact portal blood flow during RFA, complete ablation of liver tissue around the pedicle was demonstrated by histochemical staining and measurement of the intracellular ATP concentration.

Conclusion

RFA was safe when applied close to the main portal vein branch without a Pringle manoeuvre, with complete cellular destruction. Use of the Pringle manoeuvre resulted in delayed portal vein and hepatic artery thrombosis and injury to the hepatic artery and bile duct.
An HPLC method for the quantiﬁcation of sterols in edible seaweeds
Authors: Sánchez‐Machado D. I. , López‐Hernández J. , Paseiro‐Losada P. , López‐Cervantes J.
Published: March 2004

This study presents an HPLC method for the quantiﬁcation of sterols in edible seaweeds. Sterols were identiﬁed by HPLC/mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS) in positive APCI mode. The samples were saponiﬁed by reﬂuxing with 1 m ethanolic KOH, and the non‐saponiﬁable fraction was extracted with hexane. Sterols were quantiﬁed by HPLC with UV detection (HPLC‐UV), on a 15 × 0.4 cm Kromasil 100 C18 5 µm column (mobile phase 30:70 v/v methanol:acetonitrile; ﬂow rate 1.2 mL/min; column temperature 30°C; detection wavelength 205 nm). Method repeatability for fucosterol was good (coefﬁcient of variation 2.4%). Sterol contents were determined in canned or dried brown seaweeds (Himanthalia elongata, Undaria pinnatiﬁda, Laminaria ochroleuca) and red seaweeds (Palmaria sp., Porphyra sp.). The predominant sterol was fucosterol in brown seaweeds (83–97% of total sterol content; 662–2320 µg/g dry weight), and desmosterol in red seaweeds (87–93% of total sterol content; 187–337 µg/g dry weight). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPLC study of tyrosinase inhibition by thiopronine
Authors: Girelli A. M. , Mattei E. , Messina A.
Published: March 2004

Thiopronine (N‐2‐mercaptopropionyl‐glycine, NMPG) inhibits the o‐dihydroxy‐phenolase activities of mushroom tyrosinase. When d,l‐3‐4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) is employed as substrate, the inhibition was found to be a competitive‐type with Ki of 0.95 µm. We found in addition that thiopronine interacts with the enzymatic generated product (o‐quinone) to form a colourless conjugate compound causing an apparent inhibition. These data suggest that thiopronine inhibits mushroom tyrosinase activity in two ways: (1) by forming an adduct with dopaquinone; and (2) by direct interaction with the enzyme probably towards the copper (II) present in the active site or cysteine‐rich domains. This ﬁnding was indicated by the presence of a lag period prior to the attainment of an inhibited steady‐state rate. Both lag period and steady‐state rate were dependent on thiopronine and substrate concentrations. An increase of thiopronine concentration causes longer lag periods as well as a concomitant decrease in the tyrosinase activity. The presence of an excess of copper (II) reverses the inhibition exerted by thiopronine. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specifying and animating facial signals for discourse in embodied conversational agents
Authors: DeCarlo Doug , Stone Matthew , Revilla Corey , Venditti Jennifer J.
Published: March 2004

People highlight the intended interpretation of their utterances within a larger discourse by a diverse set of non‐verbal signals. These signals represent a key challenge for animated conversational agents because they are pervasive, variable, and need to be coordinated judiciously in an effective contribution to conversation. In this paper, we describe a freely available cross‐platform real‐time facial animation system,RUTH, that animates such high‐level signals in synchrony with speech and lip movements.RUTHadopts an open, layered architecture in which fine‐grained features of the animation can be derived by rule from inferred linguistic structure, allowing us to useRUTH, in conjunction with annotation of observed discourse, to investigate the meaningful high‐level elements of conversational facial movement for American English speakers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesizing multimodal utterances for conversational agents
Authors: Kopp Stefan , Wachsmuth Ipke
Published: March 2004

Conversational agents are supposed to combine speech with non‐verbal modalities for intelligible multimodal utterances. In this paper, we focus on the generation of gesture and speech from XML‐based descriptions of their overt form. An incremental production model is presented that combines the synthesis of synchronized gestural, verbal, and facial behaviors with mechanisms for linking them in fluent utterances with natural co‐articulation and transition effects. In particular, an efficient kinematic approach for animating hand gestures from shape specifications is presented, which provides fine adaptation to temporal constraints that are imposed by cross‐modal synchrony. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Ethylene‐Bis[phosphonate] Nucleic Acids’: Novel Monomeric Synthons for the Solid‐Phase Synthesis of (PCH2CH2P)‐Bridged Oligonucleotides
Authors: Farschtschi Nasser
Published: March 2004

An efficient synthesis of modified deoxyribonucleosidic building units, containing the ‘ethylene‐bisphosphonate nucleic acids’ (EBPNAs) 1 or 2, has been developed. By means of solution‐phase incorporation of 11, the oxidized form of 2, dinucleotide analogs of type 13 were prepared. The same strategy was used to incorporate 2 into the 5′‐terminal position of the 12‐mer homopolynucleotide methylphosphonate 14. A preliminary approach for solid‐phase incorporation of the nucleosidic building block 1 into a preselected position of an oligonucleotide sequence to give 19 is presented, a reaction performed by means of a coupling strategy involving catalytic oxazaphospholidine‐ring cleavage.
Polyphenols from Polygala spp. and Their Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Cervellati Rinaldo , Innocenti Gabbriella , Dall'Acqua Stefano , Costa Stefano , Sartini Elena
Published: March 2004

Members of Polygalaceae are known to contain a variety of different polyphenolic compounds such as xanthones, flavonoids, and biphenyl derivatives. Here, we report the isolation and structural characterization of two new phenol derivatives, named alpestrin (=3,3′,5′‐trimethoxy[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐ol; 10) and alpestriose A (=6‐O‐benzoyl‐1‐O‐{6‐O‐acetyl‐3‐O‐[(4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)prop‐2‐enoyl]‐β‐D‐fructofuranosyl}‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside; 11), and of four known compounds (12–15) from the MeOH extract of Polygala alpestris. The relative in vitro antioxidant activities of these compounds, in comparison with other phenolic substances from Polygala vulgaris, were evaluated by means of the BriggsRauscher (BR) oscillating reaction, a method based on the inhibitory effects of antioxidant free‐radical scavengers. The experimental antioxidant‐activity values (relative to resorcinol as a standard) were compared with those calculated on the basis of the bond‐dissociation enthalpies. The structure/activity relationships for the compounds examined are also discussed.
Extracts and Sesquiterpene Derivatives from the Red Alga Laurencia chondrioides with Antibacterial Activity against Fish and Human Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Bansemir Anne , Just Natalie , Michalik Manfred , Lindequist Ulrike , Lalk Michael
Published: March 2004

During screening of seaweeds from different places in Europe for antimicrobial activities against human and fish pathogenic bacteria, Laurencia chondrioides was identified as a promising species. By bioassay‐guided isolation, followed by structure elucidation by mass spectrometry and 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectrometry, two sesquiterpenoides of the chamigrene‐type from the selected red seaweed Laurencia chondrioides were identified. Both compounds inhibit the growth of some fish and human pathogenic bacteria.
Associating Hyaluronan Derivatives: A Novel Horizon in Viscosupplementation of Osteoarthritic Joints
Authors: Šoltés Ladislav , Mendichi Raniero , Kogan Grigorij , Mach Mojmír
Published: March 2004

The association of two high‐molecular‐weight hyaluronan (HA) derivatives, namely a β‐cyclodextrin (HAβ‐CD) and an N‐acylurea (EDCHA), dissolved in aqueous NaCl, was studied. The weight‐average of the molecular weights (Mw) of HAβ‐CD and of EDCHA was 185.3 and 86.8 kDa, respectively. However, the Mw value determined for the equimolar mixture of the two biopolymers equaled 556.0 kDa. Similarly, the radius of gyration (dimension) Rg=80.6 nm of the above equimolar mixture was significantly greater than the values found for the single macromolecules, i.e., 40.2 nm for HAβ‐CD and 23.8 nm for EDCHA. These data indicate that the two kinds of substituents, borne by the HA polymeric chains, form hostguest inclusion complexes resulting in polymacromolecular associates/aggregates.
Diastereoisomer‐Selective Inclusion Complexation of Cinchona Alkaloids with a Modified β‐Cyclodextrin: Fluorescent Behavior Enhanced by Chiral‐Tether Binding. Short Communication
Authors: Liu Yu , Yang Ying‐Wei , Zhang Heng‐Yi , Hu Bo‐Wen , Ding Fei , Li Chun‐Ju
Published: March 2004

The molecular 1 : 1 complexation of cinchona alkaloids by mono(6‐deoxy‐6‐{[(R)‐1‐(hydroxymethyl)propyl]amino})‐β‐cyclodextrin (1) in aqueous solution has been investigated by 2D‐NMR, fluorescence titration, and fluorescence‐lifetime experiments. Generally, with 1 as the host, in contrast to β‐cyclodextrin proper, strong binding of quinine (2; Ka=84200 M−1) and quinidine (3; Ka=27300 M−1) at pH 6.8 was observed, as monitored by an increase in fluorescence intensity, with a fair degree of diastereoisomer discrimination (ca. 3 : 1). To rationalize these results, two possible cooperative complexation modes, including specific H‐bonding interactions to the chiral tether of the cyclodextrin portion, are proposed.
Polysaccharide/Polynucleotide Complexes. Part 6
Authors: Koumoto Kazuya , Mizu Masami , Sakurai Kazuo , Kunitake Toyoki , Shinkai Seiji
Published: March 2004

Spectroscopic properties of single‐stranded DNA/schizophyllan ternary complexes (ss‐DNA⋅2s‐SPG), induced by addition of either complementary or noncomplementary strands, have been investigated. The addition of the complementary strands to ss‐DNA⋅2s‐SPG induced the quick release of the bound ss‐DNA to the complementary strands (both DNA and RNA), whereas the ternary complex was unaffected upon addition of noncomplementary strands. Our experiments imply that SPG has complexation properties indispensable to the gene carriers. As far as we know, there is no report on exploitation of such nonviral gene carriers that can accomplish an intelligent release of the bound ss‐DNA toward the complementary strands. We believe, therefore, that SPG, a natural and neutral polysaccharide, has a great potential to become a new ss‐DNA carrier.
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Neolignans from Magnolia officinalis
Authors: Syu Wan‐Jr , Shen Chien‐Chang , Lu Jang‐Jih , Lee Gum‐Hee , Sun Chang‐Ming
Published: March 2004

In the light of the steady increase of infections related to vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the medicinal plant Magnolia officinalis was subjected to bioassay‐directed fractionation, which led to the isolation of the known neolignans piperitylmagnolol (1), magnolol (2), and honokiol (3) from the MeOH extract. In broth‐microdilution assays, 1–3 exhibited antibacterial activities against VRE and MRSA at minimum‐inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in the range of 6.25–25 μg/ml, compound 1 being the most‐potent antibiotic. The ratio of MBC/MIC (MBC=minimum bactericidal concentration) was ≤2 for all compounds. The kinetics of the antibacterial action of 1 and 3 were studied by means of time‐kill assays; both compounds were bactericidal against VRE and MRSA, their actions being time dependent, or both time and concentration dependent. Magnolol (2) was acetylated to magnolol monoacetate (4) and magnolol diacetate (5) (partial or full masking of the phenolic OH functions). The cytotoxic properties of 1–5 against human OVCAR‐3 (ovarian adenocarcinoma), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), and HeLa (cervical epitheloid carcinoma) cell lines were evaluated. The CD50 values for compounds 1–3 were in the range of 3.3–13.3 μg/ml, derivatives 4 and 5 being much less potent. This study indicates that piperitylmagnolol (=3‐[(1S,6S)‐6‐isopropyl‐3‐methylcyclohex‐2‐enyl]‐5,5′‐di(prop‐2‐enyl)[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2,2′‐diol; 1) possesses both significant anti‐VRE activity and moderate cytotoxicity against the above cancer cell lines.
Density Functional Calculations on the Conversion of Azide and Carbon Monoxide to Isocyanate and Dinitrogen by a Nickel to Sulfur Rebound Mechanism
Authors: Fan Yubo , Hall Michael B.
Published: March 2004

Density functional calculations (B3 LYP & BP86) on a model system for the reaction between carbon monoxide and [Ni(N3)(′S3′)]− (′S3′2−=bis(2‐mercaptophenyl)sulfide (2−)) predict a three‐step mechanism. First, CO attacks the nickel to generate a pseudo “square‐pyramidal” complex, in which CO, N3−, and two sulfides are basal and the central S atom of the ′S3′2− ligand backs away from Ni to form a weak NiS apical bond. Then, CO inserts into the NiN bond and the weak apical NiS bond rebounds to its original strength as the nickel forms a square‐planar intermediate. Finally, in a one‐step process N2 leaves as the remaining N atom and carbonyl rearrange to produce the nickel isocyanate product [Ni(NCO)(′S3′)]−.
New Simulation Model of Multicomponent Crystal Growth And Inhibition
Authors: Wathen Brent , Kuiper Michael , Walker Virginia , Jia Zongchao
Published: March 2004

We review a novel computational model for the study of crystal structures both on their own and in conjunction with inhibitor molecules. The model advances existing Monte Carlo (MC) simulation techniques by extending them from modeling 3D crystal surface patches to modeling entire 3D crystals, and by including the use of “complex” multicomponent molecules within the simulations. These advances makes it possible to incorporate the 3D shape and non‐uniform surface properties of inhibitors into simulations, and to study what effect these inhibitor properties have on the growth of whole crystals containing up to tens of millions of molecules. The application of this extended MC model to the study of antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and their effects on ice formation is reported, including the success of the technique in achieving AFP‐induced ice‐growth inhibition with concurrent changes to ice morphology that mimic experimental results. Simulations of ice‐growth inhibition suggest that the degree of inhibition afforded by an AFP is a function of its ice‐binding position relative to the underlying anisotropic growth pattern of ice. This extended MC technique is applicable to other crystal and crystal–inhibitor systems, including more complex crystal systems such as clathrates.
Inorganic Electrides
Authors: Li Zhenyu , Yang Jinlong , Hou J. G. , Zhu Qingshi
Published: March 2004

Inorganic electrides are a novel kind of ionic compounds in which the anions are electrons confined in a complex array of cavities or channels and the cations are nanoscale arrays of alkali metal ions that provide charge balance. In electrides the donated electron behaves like a low‐density correlated electron gas, whereby the dimensionality of the electron gas and its electronic and magnetic properties are determined by the topology of the cavities in the host matrix. Unlike traditional electrides, in which alkali cations are encapsulated within an organic cage, inorganic electrides are thermally stable. The current inorganic electrides based on alkali metal loaded zeolites can be designed as useful reduced‐dimensionality materials. Inorganic electrides are powerful reducing agents, and they are able to reduce small aromatic molecules to the radical anions within the channels of the zeolite.
Platinum Complexes of Naphthalene‐1,8‐dichalcogen and Related Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Ligands
Authors: Aucott Stephen M. , Milton Heather L. , Robertson Stuart D. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Walker Greg D. , Woollins J. Derek
Published: March 2004

Platinum bisphosphine complexes bearing dichalcogen‐derivatised naphthalene, acenaphthene or phenanthrene ligands have been prepared by either oxidative addition to zero‐valent platinum species or from [PtCl2(PPhR2)] (R=Ph or Me) and the disodium or dilithium salts of the parent disulfur, diselenide or mixed S/Se species. The parent naphthalene, acenaphthene and phenanthrene chalcogen compounds were treated with either [Pt(PPh3)4] or [Pt(C2H4)(PMe3)2] (prepared in situ from [PtCl2(PMe3)2], ethene and sodium naphthalide or super hydride [LiBEt3H]) to give the appropriate platinum(II) species. The dilithium salts of 1,8‐E2‐naphthalene (E=S or Se) prepared in situ by reduction of the EE bond with [LiBEt3H] were treated with [PtCl2(PPh3)2] to give [Pt(1,8‐E2‐nap)(PPh3)2]. The tetraoxides [Pt(1,8‐(S(O)2)2‐nap)(PR3)2] (PR3=PPh3 or PMe2Ph) were prepared in a similar metathetical manner from the appropriate [PtCl2(PR3)] complexes and the disodium salt of naphthalene 1,8‐disulfinic acid (1,8‐(S(O)ONa)2‐nap). The X‐ray structures of selected examples reveal bidentate coordination with the naphthalene‐E2 unit hinged (111–137°) with respect to the coordination plane. The naphthalene ring suffers significant distortion from planarity.
A New Multifunctional Ferrocenyl‐Substituted Ferrocenophane Derivative: Optical and Electronic Properties and Selective Recognition of Mg2+ Ions
Authors: Lopez Juan Luis , Tárraga Alberto , Espinosa Arturo , Velasco M. Desamparados , Molina Pedro , Lloveras Vega , Vidal‐Gancedo José , Rovira Concepció , Veciana Jaume , Evans David J. , Wurst K.
Published: March 2004

The synthesis, characterisation, and X‐ray structure of a new strained asymmetric diferrocene derivative (2) is reported. Compound 2 acts as a highly specific electrochemical and optical Mg2+ ion sensor, as revealed by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. Thus, in the presence of Mg2+, a new redox peak appears in the cyclic voltammogram (CV) that is anodically shifted compared to the E1/2 of the free receptor (ΔE1/2=340 mV). Diferrocene derivative 2 also gives a highly visual response upon addition of Mg2+, namely a change of colour from orange to deep purple. In addition, compound 2 does not show any significant sensing activity in the presence of Ca2+ or alkaline ions. On protonation, it is converted into the stable diferrocenylcarbenium salt 4, in which two different modes of stabilisation of the α‐carbocationic centre are clearly demonstrated by a combination of 1H NMR and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements. Finally, by a partial (chemical or electrochemical) oxidation, compound 2 forms the asymmetric mixed‐valence species 2+, which can be isolated as the solid salt 6 by using CF3SO3− as a counterion. This mixed‐valence species shows a fast intramolecular electron‐transfer process, as ascertained by several spectroscopic techniques.
Synthesis and Photochemistry of a New Class of Photocleavable Protein Cross‐linking Reagents
Authors: Milanesi Lilia , Reid Gavin D. , Beddard Godfrey S. , Hunter Christopher A. , Waltho Jonathan P.
Published: March 2004

A new series of photocleavable protein cross‐linking reagents based on bis(maleimide) derivatives of diaryl disulfides have been synthesised. They have been functionalised with cysteine and transient absorption spectra for the photolysis reaction have been recorded by using the pump‐probe technique with a time resolution of 100 femtoseconds. Photolysis of the disulfide bond yields the corresponding thiyl radicals in less than a picosecond. There is a significant amount of geminate recombination, but some of the radicals escape the solvent cage and the quantum yield for photocleavage is 30 % in water.
Novel CuIII Bis‐1,2‐dichalcogenene Complexes with Tunable 3D Framework through Alkaline Cation Coordination: A Structural and Theoretical Study
Authors: Ribas Xavi , Dias João C. , Morgado Jorge , Wurst Klaus , Molins Elies , Ruiz Eliseo , Almeida Manuel , Veciana Jaume , Rovira Concepció
Published: March 2004

The deprotonated form of the ligands pyrazine‐2,3‐diselenol (pds) and pyrazine‐2,3‐dithiol (pdt) react with Cu(ClO4)2⋅6 H2O to form different CuIII complexes Na[CuIII(pds)2]⋅2 H2O (1), Li[CuIII(pds)2]⋅3 H2O (2), and Na[CuIII(pdt)2]⋅2 H2O (4) depending on the countercation compound used as deprotonating agent (NaOH, LiOH). Two other CuIII complexes were obtained by replacement of the alkali metal cations with tetrabutylammonium (TBA+), namely, TBA[CuIII(pds)2] (3), and TBA[CuIII(pdt)2] (5). All complexes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy, electronic absorption, elemental analysis, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and X‐ray crystallography. Electrical conductivity measurements on single crystals show that these salts exhibit insulating behavior. The crystal structure of these species revealed a lateral coordination capability of the N atoms of the pyrazine ring of both pds and pdt ligands towards the alkali metal ions, which leads to the build up of a net of coordinative bonds, hydrogen bonds, and contacts that result in the final 3D structure. Two parameters control the crystal engineering of the final 3D structures: the nature of the alkali metal countercation and the nature of the chalcogen atom (Se/S), which allow fine‐tuning of complex 3D crystal lattice. Density functional calculations were performed on the [Cu(pds)2] and [Cu(pdt)2] systems to investigate the electronic structure of the complexes and understand their electronic and electrochemical behavior by studying the frontier molecular orbitals. This study also reveals whether the redox processes take place on the ligands or on the metal center, a question under continuous discussion in the literature.
Ring‐Closure Reactions through Intramolecular Displacement of the Phenylselenonyl Group by Nitrogen Nucleophiles: A New Stereospecific Synthesis of N‐Tosyl and N‐Benzoyl‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐ones from β‐Hydroxyalkyl Phenyl Selenides
Authors: Tiecco Marcello , Testaferri Lorenzo , Temperini Andrea , Bagnoli Luana , Marini Francesca , Santi Claudio
Published: March 2004

A new and convenient method for the stereospecific synthesis of variously substituted 1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐ones from the easily available β‐hydroxyalkyl phenyl selenides is presented. After transformation into the N‐tosyl or N‐benzoyl carbamates, the selenides were oxidized to the corresponding selenones. The key step of the process is the ring‐closure reaction, which occurs by stereospecific intramolecular nucleophilic substitution of the selenone group by the nitrogen atom of the carbamate. Enantiomerically pure 1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐one derivatives can be easily prepared by using enantiomerically pure β‐hydroxyalkyl phenyl selenides as starting materials.
tBuP(NH2)2—A Reactive Synthon for the Synthesis of Molecular Imidophosphinates of Group 13 Metals
Authors: Bauer T. , Schulz S. , Nieger M. , Krossing I.
Published: March 2004

Reactions of tBuP(NH2)2 with Group 13 trialkyls MR3 (M=Al, Ga, In; R=Me, tBu) were investigated in detail. According to variable‐temperature (VT) NMR investigations, the reaction proceeds stepwise with the initial formation of aminophosphane adducts, which subsequently react to give iminophosphorane adducts and finally the heterocyclic metallonitridophosphinates. BP86/TZVPP (DFT) calculations were performed to verify this reaction pathway, to elucidate the influence of the central Group 13 element on the stability of the reaction intermediates and the heterocycles, as well as to assess the thermodynamics of their formation. The relative stability of free and complexed aminophosphane RP(NH2)2 and iminophosphorane R(H2N)(H)PNH (adducts) with PIII and PV centers was studied in more detail with DFT and MP2 methods. In addition, the influence of the substituent R was investigated by variation of R from H to Me, tBu, F, and NH2. In general, the aminophosphane form was found to be favored for the free ligand, however, upon complexation with MR3 (M=Al, Ga; R=alkyl) both forms are almost equal in energy.
Reactivity of Molybdenum and Rhenium Hydroxo‐Carbonyl Complexes toward Organic Electrophiles
Authors: Cuesta Luciano , Gerbino Darío C. , Hevia Eva , Morales Dolores , Navarro Clemente M. Elena , Pérez Julio , Riera Lucía , Riera Víctor , Miguel Daniel , del Río Ignacio , García‐Granda Santiago
Published: March 2004

The hydroxo compounds [Re(OH)(CO)3(NN)] (NN=bipy, 2 a; Me2bipy, 2 b) were prepared in a biphasic H2O/CH2Cl2 medium by reaction of [Re(OTf)(CO)3(NN)] with KOH. In contrast, when anhydrous CH2Cl2 was used, the binuclear hydroxo‐bridged compound [{Re(CO)3(bipy)}2(μ‐OH)]OTf (3‐OTf) was obtained. Compound [Re(OH)(CO)3(Me2bipy)] (2 b) reacted with phenyl acetate or vinyl acetate to afford [Re(OAc)(CO)3(Me2bipy)] (4) and phenol or acetaldehyde, respectively. The reactions of [Mo(OH)(η3‐C3H4Me‐2)(CO)2(phen)] (1), 2 a, and 2 b toward several unsaturated organic electrophiles were studied. The reaction of 1 with (p‐tolyl)isocyanate afforded an adduct of N,N′‐di(p‐tolyl)urea and the carbonato‐bridged compound [{Mo(η3‐C3H4Me‐2)(CO)2(phen)}2(μ‐η1(O),η1(O)‐CO3)] (5). In contrast, the reaction of 2 a with phenylisocyanate afforded [Re(OC(O)NHPh)(CO)3(bipy)] (6); this results from formal PhNCO insertion into the OH bond. On the other hand, compounds [Mo[SC(O)NH(p‐tolyl)](η3‐C3H4Me‐2)(CO)2(phen)] (7), [Re[SC(O)NH(p‐tolyl)](CO)3(Me2bipy)] (8 a), and [Re[SC(O)NHEt](CO)3(Me2bipy)] (8 b) were obtained by reaction of 1 or 2 b with the corresponding alkyl or aryl isothiocyanates. In those cases, RNCS was inserted into the MO bond. The reactions of 1, 2 a, and 2 b with dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) gave the complexes [Mo[C(OH)C(CO2Me)C(CO2Me)O](η3‐C3H4Me‐2)(CO)(phen)] (9) and [Re[C(OH)C(CO2Me)C(CO2Me)O](CO)2(NN)] (NN=bipy, 10 a; Me2bipy, 10 b). The molecules of these compounds contain five‐membered metallacycles that are the result of coupling between the hydroxo ligand, DMAD, and one of the CO ligands. The new compounds were characterized by a combination of IR and NMR spectroscopy, and for [{Re(CO)3(bipy)}2(μ‐OH)]BF4 (3‐BF4), 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 b, 9, and 10 b, also by means of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Reactions of Copper(II) Salts with 3{5}‐tert‐Butylpyrazole: Double‐Cubane Complexes with Bound Exogenous Anions, and a Novel Pyrazole Coordination Mode
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , McAllister Judith A. , de Miranda Marcelo P. , McInnes Eric J. L. , Kilner Colin A. , Halcrow Malcolm A.
Published: March 2004

Reaction of CuX2 (X−Cl−, Br−, NO3−), NaOH, and 3{5}‐tert‐butylpyrazole (HpztBu) in a 1:1:2 molar ratio in MeOH at 293 K for three days affords [{Cu3(HpztBu)6(μ3‐X)(μ3‐OH)3}2Cu]X6 (X−Cl−, 1; X−Br−, 2; X−NO3−, 3) in moderate yields. These compounds contain a centrosymmetric, vertex‐sharing double‐cubane [{Cu3(HpztBu)6(μ3‐X)(μ3‐OH)3}2Cu]6+ core, surrounded by a belt of six hydrogen‐bonded X− ions. For 1 and 2, the ring of guest anions has near C3 symmetry, that is slightly distorted owing to the axis of Jahn–Teller elongation at the central Cu ion. For 3 only, the NO3− guest ions are crystallographically disordered, reflecting their poor complimentarity with complex host. A similar reaction employing CuF2 yields [{Cu3(HpztBu)4(μ‐pztBu)2(μ‐F)2(μ3‐F)}2]F2 (4), whose structure contains a cyclic hexacopper core with approximate C2v symmetry. Finally, an analogous reaction using Cu(NCS)2 gives a mixture of trans‐[Cu(NCS)2(HpztBu)2] (5) and [Cu2(NCS)2(μ‐pztBu)2(μ‐HpztBu)(HpztBu)2] (6). The latter compound contains a HpztBu ligand bridging the two Cu ions in an unusual κ1,μ‐coordination mode. The variable temperature magnetic properties of 1–3 show antiferromagnetic behavior, leading to a S=${{ 1/2 }}$ ground state in which the seven copper(II) ions are associated into three mutually independent distinct spin systems. In confirmation of this interpretation, Q‐band EPR spectra of solid 1 and 2 at 5 K also demonstrate a S=${{ 1/2 }}$ spin system and exhibit hyperfine coupling to three 63,65Cu nuclei. Unusually, the coupling is manifest as an eight‐line splitting of the parallel feature, rather than the usual 10 lines. This has been rationalized by a spin‐projection calculation, and results from the relative magnitudes of coupling to the three Cu nuclei. UV/Vis and mass spectrometric data show that 1–4 decompose to lower nuclearity species in solution.
First Systematic Investigation of CH⋅⋅⋅Cl Hydrogen Bonding Using Inorganic Supramolecular Synthons: Lamellar, Stitched Stair‐Case, Linked‐Ladder, and Helical Structures
Authors: Balamurugan V. , Hundal Maninder Singh , Mukherjee Rabindranath
Published: March 2004

Using a group of six neutral MIICl2‐containing coordination compounds as building blocks, the first systematic investigation of CH⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen‐bonding interactions was performed. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analyses of four new compounds (pseudo‐tetrahedral CoII and ZnII; distorted trigonal bipyramidal ZnII) authenticate the metal coordination geometry. To provide a unified view of the presence of noncovalent interactions in this class of compounds, we have re‐examined the packing diagram of two previously reported compounds (a distorted square‐pyramidal CuII complex and a trans‐octahedral CoII complex). The organic ligands of our choice comprise bidentate/tridentate pyrazolylmethylpyridines and an unsymmetrical tridentate pyridylalkylamine. This systematic investigation has allowed us to demonstrate the existence of versatile CH⋅⋅⋅Cl2M interactions and to report the successful application of such units as inorganic supramolecular synthons. Additional noncovalent interactions such as CH⋅⋅⋅O and OH⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions have also been identified. Formation of novel supramolecular architectures has been revealed: 2D lamellar (p‐cyclophane) and 3D lamellar, 3D “stitched staircase” (due to additional hydrogen‐bonding interactions by water tetramers, with an average OO bond length in the tetramer unit of 2.926 Å, acting as “molecular clips” between staircases), 3D linked ladder, and single‐stranded 1D helix.
Powering Nanodevices with Biomolecular Motors
Authors: Hess Henry , Bachand George D. , Vogel Viola
Published: March 2004

Biomolecular motors, in particular motor proteins, are ideally suited to introduce chemically powered movement of selected components into devices engineered at the micro‐ and nanoscale level. The design of such hybrid “bio/nano”‐devices requires suitable synthetic environments, and the identification of unique applications. We discuss current approaches to utilize active transport and actuation on a molecular scale, and we give an outlook to the future.
Synthesis and Structures of the First Cationic Perfluoroaryllanthanoid(II) Complexes
Authors: Deacon Glen B. , Forsyth Craig M.
Published: March 2004

Tetraphenylborate salts of solvated pentafluorophenyllanthanoid(II) cations [Ln(C6F5)(thf)n]+ (Ln=Eu, n=6 (1); Ln=Yb, n=5 (2)) were readily synthesized in high yield by reactions of ytterbium or europium with HgPh(C6F5) and Me3NHBPh4 in THF. The structures of 1⋅THF and 2 confirmed the existence of well‐separated ions and both 1 and 2 show notable thermal stability at room temperature. The cation in 2 was also observed in the remarkable mixed‐valent complex [YbII(C6F5)(thf)5][YbIII(C6F5)2{N(SiMe3)2}2] (3), fortuitously isolated in low yield from a reaction of ytterbium metal, HgPh(C6F5), and HN(SiMe3)2 in THF, and which additionally has an unusual bis(pentafluorophenyl)bis{bis(trimethylsilyl)amido)}ytterbate(III) anion. 171Yb–19F coupling has been observed in the low‐temperature 171Yb NMR spectra of 2 and [Yb(C6F5)2(thf)4].
Growing ZnO Crystals on Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: Turgeman Rachel , Tirosh Shay , Gedanken Aharon
Published: March 2004

We report herein on the oriented growth of ZnO crystals on magnetite nanoparticles. The ZnO crystals were grown by hydrolyzing a supersaturated aqueous solution of zinc nitrate. The seeds for the growth were magnetite nanoparticles with a diameter of 5.7 nm and a narrow size distribution. Hollowed ZnO hexagons of 0.15 μm width and 0.5 μm length filled with Fe3O4 particles were obtained. HR‐TEM (high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy) and selected‐area EDS (energy‐dispersive spectroscopy) show that the nanoparticles are homogenously spread in the ZnO tubes. Zeta potential measurements were employed to understand the relationship between the nanoparticles and the oriented growth of the ZnO crystals. The results show that the surfactants induced the directional growth of the ZnO crystals.
Cover Picture: Pentacoordinate Nickel(II) Complexes Double Bridged by Phosphate Ester or Phosphinate Ligands: Spectroscopic, Structural, Kinetic, and Magnetic Studies (Chem. Eur. J. 7/2004)
Authors: Santana M. Dolores , García Gabriel , Lozano A. Abel , López Gregorio , Tudela José , Pérez José , García Luis , Lezama Luis , Rojo Teófilo
Published: March 2004

The cover picture shows a representation of two pathways for the hydrolysis of phosphotriesters, which are represented by tris(phenyl)phosphate (TPP). The catalytic hydrolysis is represented by a novel bimetallic nickel(II) complex that contains a double phosphodiester bridge, prepared from the reaction of TPP with the hydroxo–nickel(II) complex [Ni(Me3[12]aneN3)(μ‐OH)]2[PF6]2 (top right) The enzymatic hydrolysis (bottom left) is represented by the phosphotriesterase from Pseudomonas diminuta (PDB ID: 1EYW), a zinc‐containing enzyme. The cover picture was created by A. Abel Lozano. For more details please see the article by G. García, M. D. Santana et al. on p. 1738ff.
La4Br2Al5 and Ce4Br2Ga5: Three‐Dimensional Metal Networks Embedded in Condensed Ln6 Trigonal Prisms.
Authors: Zheng Chong , Mattausch Hansjuergen , Oeckler Oliver , Nuss Juergen , Simon Arndt
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
No Longer Elusive: The Crystal Structure of AuPS4.
Authors: Joergens Stefan , Johrendt Dirk , Mewis Albrecht
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of NiZrSn Half‐Heusler Compounds.
Authors: Kawaharada Yoshiyuki , Uneda Hironori , Muta Hiroaki , Kurosaki Ken , Yamanaka Shinsuke
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Filled Skutterudite Compound La0.75Fe3CoSb12 by Spark Plasma Sintering and Effect of Porosity on Thermoelectric Properties.
Authors: Yang L. , Wu J. S. , Zhang L. T.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetic Ordering in NdCu2Sn2 and PrCu2Sn2.
Authors: Mazumdar Chandan , Nagarajan R. , Dhar S. K. , Gupta L. C. , Godart C. , Padalia B. D.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetic Properties of NdMn2‐xCuxGe2 Compounds.
Authors: Elerman Y. , Elmali A. , Dincer I.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synchrotron X‐Ray Powder Diffraction Studies on the Phase Transitions in LiMn2O4.
Authors: Piszora P. , Darul J. , Nowicki W. , Wolska E.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses, Vibrational Spectra and Crystal Structures of the Chloroberyllates (Ph4P)2[BeCl4] and (Ph4P)2[Be2Cl6].
Authors: Neumueller Bernhard , Weller Frank , Dehnicke Kurt
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Two Cerium(III) Chloride Oxoborates in Comparison: Ce3Cl3[BO3]2 and CeCl(BO2)2.
Authors: Nikelski Tanja , Schleid Thomas
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[{(C2H5) 2NH2}2In2Ge2 S8]× [(C2H5)2NH]0.25: A Three‐Dimensional Thiogermanate‐Indate Framework Based on the Interconnection of [In2Ge2S6S4/2]2‐ Adamantane‐Like Building Units.
Authors: Pitzschke Dragan , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.