bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent retreat of Greenland's marine terminating glaciers has a lasting impact on velocity and mass loss during the 21st Century
Authors: Nias Isabel , Nowicki Sophie , Felikson Denis
Published: March 2021

Mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) can be partitioned between surface mass balance (SMB) and discharge due to ice dynamics through its marine-terminating outlet glaciers. A perturbation to a glacier terminus (e.g. a calving event) results in an instantaneous response in velocity and mass loss, but also a diffusive response due to the evolution of ice thickness over time. This diffusive response means the total impact of a retreat event can take decades to be fully realised. Here we model the committed response of the GrIS to recent observed changes in terminus position, neglecting any future climate perturbations. Our simulations quantify the sea level contribution that is locked in due to the slow dynamic response of the ice. Using the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM), we run forward simulations starting from an initial state representative of the 2007 ice sheet. We apply perturbations to the marine-terminating glacier termini that represent recent observed changes, and simulate the response over the 21st Century, holding the climate forcing constant. The sensitivity of the ice sheet response to model parameter uncertainty is explored with in an ensemble framework, and GRACE data is used to constrain the results. We find that terminus retreat observed between 2007 and 2015 results in approximately 6 mm of sea level rise by 2100, with retreat having a lasting impact on velocity and mass loss. Our results complement the ISMIP6 projections, which report the ice sheet response to future forcing, excluding the background committed response. In this way, we can obtain estimates of Greenland’s total contribution to sea level rise by 2100.
The quantification of water storage capacity of peatlands across different hydroclimatic settings using a simple rainfall event to water-table response ratio method
Authors: Bourgault Marc-André , Bechtold Michel , Holden Joseph , Blundell Antony , Dettman Ullrich , Garneau Michelle , Howson Tim , Jutras Sylvain , Kløve Bjørn , Larocque Marie , Marttila Hannu , McKendrick-Smith Kathryn , Menburu Meseret , Ronkanen Anna-Kaisa , Roulet Nigel , Tiemeyer Bärbel
Published: March 2021

In wetlands, the water budget is traditionally quantified by measuring the hydrologic components including precipitation, evapotranspiration and surface water-groundwater inflows and outflows. However, the reliability of measurements is often questioned due to the difficulty of rigorously monitoring all components of the water budget. Quantifying the rainfall event to water table response ratio is an alternative approach with minimal need for data commonly collected in peatland studies. However, the method has been used only in a limited number of biophysical settings including different microforms, hydroclimatic and hydrogeological settings. The objectives of this study are to quantify the reactivity of the water table to precipitation for different pristine peatlands located in different hydroclimatic conditions and to provide quantitative assessments of water storage of as many peatlands as possible. To do so, site-specific hourly water table and precipitation measurements was collected from northern peatlands worldwide. In total, data from more than 30 sites were retrieved from 8 research groups. For all peatlands, water-table depths varied between 80 cm below the peat surface and 10 cm above the peat surface. The results highlight that the hydrology of all peatlands is characterized by a shift from an environment that can store water to an environment that contributes to rapid outflow, and this is a uniform feature across sites. However, for peatlands with the lowest water storage capacities, this shift occurs during relatively moderate rainfall events (40 mm) or successive small rainfall events. Blanket peat bog best embodied this type of hydrological response. For peatlands with the highest water storage capacity, this shift occurs following multiple moderate to large precipitation events (40 mm – 80 mm) and it is strongly enhanced by the shift from high to low evaporative periods. The peatlands with the highest storage capacity are raised bogs with deep water-table. These conditions are best observed in peatlands located in geographical settings with high evaporation rates. Among all the peatlands, maximum water storage capacity for given rainfall events was equal to ≈150 mm. These analyses also confirm that the water table rise caused by precipitation events contain sufficient information to constrain water storage variations around monitored wells peatlands for a wide array of biophysical settings.
Ocean model formulation influences climate sensitivity
Authors: Semmler Tido , Jungclaus Johann , Danek Christopher , Goessling Helge F , Koldunov Nikolay , Rackow Thomas , Sidorenko Dmitry
Published: March 2021

The climate sensitivity is known to be mainly determined by the atmosphere model but here we discover that the ocean model can change a given transient climate response (TCR) by as much as 20% while the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) change is limited to 10%. In our study, two different coupled CMIP6 models (MPI-ESM and AWI-CM) in two different resolutions each are compared. The coupled models share the same atmosphere-land component ECHAM6.3, which has been developed at the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M). However, as part of MPI-ESM and AWI-CM, ECHAM6.3 is coupled to two different ocean models, namely the MPIOM sea ice-ocean model developed at MPI-M and the FESOM sea ice-ocean model developed at the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI). A reason for the different TCR is different ocean heat uptake through greenhouse gas forcing in AWI simulations compared to MPI-M simulations. Specifically, AWI-CM simulations show stronger surface heating than MPI-ESM simulations while the MPI-M model accumulates more heat in the deeper ocean. The vertically integrated ocean heat content is increasing stronger in MPI-M model configurations compared to AWI model configurations in the high latitudes. Strong vertical mixing in MPI-M model configurations compared to AWI model configurations seems to be key for these differences. The strongest difference in vertical ocean mixing occurs inside the Weddell Gyre, but there are also important differences in another key region, the northern North Atlantic. Over the North Atlantic, these differences materialize in a lack of a warming hole in AWI model configurations and the presence of a warming hole in MPI-M model configurations. All these differences occur largely independent of the considered model resolutions.
Soil Spatial Variability in contaminated sites: field sampling procedure in Italy
Authors: Manna Piero , Langella Giuliano , Vingiani Simona , Terribile Fabio
Published: March 2021

Assessment of soil spatial variability is a debated crucial matter in the context of agriculture and environmental management, such as precision agriculture, land erosion and contaminated sites. In rural and industrial areas, the natural complex spatial variability of soil properties (mainly due to changing pedogenetic factors) is further complicated by anthropogenic activities related to soil management (such as deep plowing, sloping vineyards, etc.) or land contamination. Above all, natural and anthropogenic processes considerably overlap in industrial sites or areas affected by illegal waste dumping, where several times type/quantity and especially localization of contaminants are unknown. Proper investigation tools, as much as possible providing rapid, unexpensive and reliable data on soil properties and characteristics, are increasingly requested to scientific community for both the assessment of contamination geography and the soil sampling strategies. Then, focusing on soil sampling of contaminated sites in Europe, the procedure is currently performed according to national regulations, in terms of number, location, type and depth of sampling points.  The Italian regulation (Decree 471/99 - Annex 2) provides a sampling scheme in which the number of observations is commensurated to the geographical extent of the contaminated site. However, data obtained by some Italian surveyed sites, in which a denser sampling scheme was applied, evidenced that observations planned by the regulation were too low and unexpected “hot spots” were not adequately identified. For sure, contamination can frequently follow a very complex site-specific geospatial distribution. Hence, since number, location, type and depth of sampling points has very strong consequences in terms of public safety and costs of characterisation and remediation of contaminated sites, it is a key issue to set up the best strategies for ameliorating field sampling to achieve a proper understanding of the geospatial distribution of soil contamination.
Stakeholder perception for groundwater management from a subsidence point of view in the Guadalentín Valley (Spain)
Authors: Navarro-Hernández María Inés , Guardiola-Albert Carolina , Valdes-Abellan Javier , Ezquerro Pablo , Pla Concepción , Meisina Claudia , Bru Guadalupe , Tomás Roberto
Published: March 2021

Land subsidence produced from the exhaustive groundwater exploitation is a phenomenon that has critical effects in many areas around the world, especially in water-scarce areas. Among the objectives of the RESources managEment by integrating eaRth observation deriVed monitoring and flOw modelIng Results (RESERVOIR) project (GA nº 1924), one of them is the identification of the stakeholder requirements and groundwater conceptual model setup for several pilot sites. The present work is related with the Alto Guadalentín aquifer study case (SE Spain). To achieve the mentioned objective, a workshop was organized and a large number of potential stakeholders from local authorities, environmental agency, water supply companies, NGOs, insurance companies and regulatory institutions were summoned. During the workshop most important RESERVOIR activities were presented. Once the workshop was finished, a questionnaire that proposes the evaluation of the main problems in the area related to the groundwater management was sent to all participants. Results disclose that 55% of stakeholders consider that the principal problem in the Guadalentín aquifer is the overexploitation, and 50% of stakeholders regard that the lack of managerial, planning, and technical instruments are the most relevant issues to be addressed and solved. In more detail, the survey reveals that the monitoring coverage is inadequate in terms of: (a) groundwater levels monitoring (50%); (b) water quality measurement frequency (40%); and (c) water quality measurement points spatial distribution (55%) Even that area is reporting the highest subsidence rates in Europe, this problem is not considered as the most important, probably because affects agricultural areas and minimal damages were reported. Finally, 90% of the stakeholders have previous knowledge about groundwater modelling, but only 45% within them have information about the specific applications for which the model is employed in the Alto Guadalentín aquifer. Main conclusion leads to confirm that the measurements taken in the past have proved to be insufficient to reverse the state of the overexploitation of the aquifer. From this, some management measures must be strengthened, and several technical tools should be introduced to improve the groundwater management. On the other hand, improving the use of the numerical model of the Alto Guadalentín aquifer to support decision-making, as well as, updating the model by coupling it with the subsidence phenomenon through the definition of subsidence risk indexes would lead to a sustainable and holistic groundwater management.
The first finding of Th-rich peraluminous alaskitic granite in Western Anatolia 
Authors: Kamacı Ömer , Ünlüer Ali Tugcan , Ünal Alp , Doner Zeynep , Altunkaynak Şafak , Kumral Mustafa
Published: March 2021

Peraluminous alaskites are a common phenomenon in the migmatitic domes with anatectic cores. They are geochemically unique in terms of the U-Th mineralization and present critical significance in order to better understand the orogenic crustal processes. Western Anatolia was an orogenic welt in the latest Eocene, following the continental collision between Sakarya Continent and Tauride-Anatolide platform along the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone. Çataldağ metamorphic core complex (ÇMCC) is located on the immediate north of the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone, in Sakarya Continent. ÇMCC consists of Eo-Oligocene peraluminous anatectic leucogranites, corresponding to the partial melts of the young orogenic crust with a thickness of ≥50 km. Some of these leucogranites can be classified as alaskitic granite due to the presence of high Th content, from 12.5 to 113 ppm and relatively high ionizing radiation dose, up to 0.35 μsv/h. These alaskitic granites made up of quartz (30-35%) + plagioclase (25-30%) + K-feldspar (20-22%) + muscovite (5%) + biotite (5-3%) + monazite (≤1%) ± garnet. Th content in the alaskitic granites increases with increasing degrees of partial melting. Th enrichment in Çataldağ alaskitic granites is possibly hosted by monazite with high saturation temperature (≥770°C). Th-rich alaskitic granites in ÇMCC were derived from the partial melting of the Tauride-Anatolide Platform (Pan-African crust) underthrusted beneath the Sakarya Continent.
Investigating seismic properties of the NEGIS onset region using ice-drilling noise as a seismic source
Authors: Schoonman Charlotte , Eisen Olaf , Hofstede Coen , Stoll Nicolas , Franke Steven , Smith Emma C.
Published: March 2021

Investigating the physical conditions underlying and enabling fast glacier flow is crucial to understanding the future stability of ice sheets, as well as their impact on future sea-level rise. Seismic surveys have been widely used to measure material properties of the ice and substrate, including seismic velocity structure, anisotropy, and bed properties. While traditional seismic surveys rely on natural seismicity or man-made sources such as explosives, anthropogenic noise generated through ice-core drilling can also be used as a seismic source. Placing geophones around an ice-core drilling site therefore presents an exciting opportunity to complement and extend measurements from ice cores to the surrounding area.

Here, we present preliminary results from a seismic investigation conducted using noise generated by ice-core drilling activities at the East Greenland Ice Core Project (EGRIP) site. The EGRIP site is located near the onset region of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS), which drains over 10% of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The ice-core drilling process creates a variety of semi-continuous (e.g., generator-induced) and impulsive (e.g., core break) seismic source signals. As drilling progresses through the ice column, the corresponding variation in seismic signals can be used to generate a vertical profile of seismic properties. In the summer of 2019, nine 3-component surface geophones were deployed at 0, 300, 750, 1500 and 3000 m distance from the drill site along two lines corresponding to the along- and cross-flow directions of the ice stream. The network recorded at a sampling frequency of 400 Hz for 28 days, during which drilling progressed between 1920 and 2110 m depth below the surface. Both continuous and impulsive sources related to the drilling process were recorded at all stations. Impulsive arrivals were identified using STA/LTA phase-picking across multiple components and stations. Because the depth of the drill head at any given time is known, the move-out of each event could then be used to determine the integrated seismic velocity structure along the source-receiver ray path.

Additionally, sporadic passive microseismic signals resulting from ice stream motion over the bed were observed at all stations. Both individually distinguishable icequakes and 3-5 minute-long “gliding” tremors were recorded, indicative of stick-slip motion at the bed of NEGIS. Further work will concentrate on modelling these tremors to resolve the shear modulus of the substrate, and on incorporating continuous drill-generated noise into our overall analysis. Our approach demonstrates the added value of opportunistic seismic networks as a complement to ice drilling operations.
Holocene fire history of the southern Lake Baikal region
Authors: Vogel Marianne , Barhoumi Chéïma , Limani Hanane , Joannin Sébastien , Peyron Odile , Ali Adam Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Holocene fire history of the southern Lake Baikal region

The catastrophic fire years that have taken place during the last decade in Siberia and in the boreal forests in general, directly linked to global warming, have had dramatic repercussions on the human populations of these regions. Past fire reconstruction studies are currently the only way to study the past dynamics of these fires and to understand their link with climate, vegetation and human activities. However, few studies of the dynamics of these fires are available in Siberia, and none have been carried out on the scale of the Holocene. This study aims to present the first reconstruction of the fire history during the Holocene based on sedimentary charcoals from two lakes localised on the southern shore of Lake Baikal, in Siberia. Two lakes have been sampled, Lake Ébène and Lake Jarod. The results showed a similar trend between the two lakes,with severe and intense crown fires during the early Holocene and less severe surface fires after 6 500 cal. yr BP. According to pollen reconstructions carried out near the studied lakes, a vegetation transition occurred at the same time. Picea obovata was dominant during the early humid Holocene. After 6 500 cal. yr BP, conditions were drier and Pinus sylvestris and Pinus sibirica became the dominant species. Over the past 1 500 years, the greater presence of human populations has firstly resulted in an increase of the fire frequency, then probably in its maintenance after 600 cal. yr BP in lake Ébène and to finish, in its suppression after 900 cal. yr BP in Lake Jarod. The decrease of fire frequency at the end of the 20th century could be explained by new fire management policies.
HEIMDALL: a H2020 project aimed at developing a multi-hazard Cooperative Management, Data Exchange, Response Planning and Scenario Building tool: the landslides case.
Authors: Luzi Guido , Navarro José Antonio , Barra Anna , Monserrat Oriol , Crosetto Michele
Published: March 2021

This contribution describes the objectives and the tasks carried out within HEIMDALL, a four-years European project (H2020), whose general aim was to assist the management of emergencies related to fires, flooding and land movements. In particular the authors focus on the tools developed in the case of the landslide’s scenario, using spaceborne and Ground Based radar interferometry. The core of the architecture of HEIMDALL is a system platform which collects data obtained through simulation, Earth Observation images and in-situ sensors measurements to provide updated information and support the activities of several actors involved in disaster management (preparedness, response, and recovery). A multi-hazard Cooperative Management, for Data Exchange, Response Planning and Scenario Building is the rationale of the final product. Concerning the landslides case, two products are integrated as external data sources. The first one is a map of the Active Deformation Areas (ADA) detected through the DInSAR processing technique, using a set of SAR images acquired every 6 days by the satellite Sentinel-1, this product allows the identification and characterization of potential landslides at a regional scale. The second one operates at a local scale; it includes deformation maps covering single slopes obtained through a Ground Based SAR system installed in-situ. This last tool is proposed to provide both continuous and discontinuous (periodical) monitoring for the assessment and updating of the scenario of risk (together with model based on meteorological parameters and simulations) and supporting the recovery phase. HEIMDALL guarantees an information access and sharing among the involved stakeholders, including the population and the first responders on the field. The possibility to integrate data coming from different techniques improves the real time understanding of the situation and, by using advanced multi-hazard methods, allows to develop realistic multi-disciplinary scenarios of risk, vulnerability assessment, information sharing and emergency response. The main added value of using the HEIMDALL service platform results in a valuable, direct, situation assessment which can strength the decision tools.
Deep Neural Networks With Convolutional and LSTM Layers for SYM-H and ASY-H Forecasting
Authors: Collado Armando , Muñoz Pablo , Cid Consuelo
Published: March 2021

Geomagnetic indices quantify the disturbance caused by the solar activity in particular regions of the Earth. Among them, the SYM-H and ASY-H indices represent the (longitudinally) symmetric and asymmetric geomagnetic disturbance of the horizontal component of the magnetic field at mid-latitude with a 1-minute resolution. Their resolution, along with their relation to the solar wind parameters, makes the forecasting of the geomagnetic indices a problem that can be addressed through the use of Deep Learning, particularly using Deep Neural Networks (DNN). In this work, we present two DNNs developed to forecast the SYM-H and ASY-H indices. Both networks have been trained using solar wind data from the last two solar cycles and they are able to accurately forecast the indices two hours in advance, considering the solar wind and indices values for the previous 16 hours. The evaluation of both networks reveals a great precision for the forecasting, including good predictions for large storms that occurred during the solar cycle 23.
CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF A MONITORING CENTER
FOR DETECTION, PREVENTION AND ELIMINATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF
COMPUTER ATTACKS
Authors: Golitsyn Sergey Alexandrovich , Shulzhenko Anastasia Dmitrievna
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the issues of organizing a monitoring center for a system for detecting,
preventing and eliminating the consequences of computer attacks as a man-machine system with integrated
automated decision support. A conceptual approach to building a system and its functional diagram, tasks and
procedures are proposed.
PENINGKATAN KONSENTRASI SISWA DENGAN METODE PICTURE TO PICTURE PADA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA KEWARGANEGARAAN DI KELAS VII3 SMP NEGERI 7 MUARA BUNGO
Authors: Asna Asna
Published: March 2021

The concentration of student learning will influence the process and learning outcomes obtained by students. if students have low concentration, the quality of learning is also low. Students who have low concentration, the quality of learning is also low. Therefore, this study aims to increase the concentration of students in Pancasila and Citizenship Education subjects. This type of research is Class Action Research (CAR). The research subjects were 32 grade VII3 students at SMPN 7 Muara Bungo. This type of research is Class Action Research (CAR). The research subjects were 32 grade VII3 students at SMPN 7 Muara Bungo. Class action research is carried out in two cycles with procedures including 1) Planning, 2) Actions, 3) Reflections and 4) Evaluation. The results of the study indicate that the application of the picture to picture method can increase the concentration of student learning. this is indicated by the increasing completeness of student learning outcomes from the first cycle of only 65.62%, increasing to 87.50% in cycle II. Then the absorption of students in PPKn learning by using the picture to picture method increased from the first cycle of 68.90% to 88.59% in cycle II. As well as increasing student learning activities from the first cycle 68.75% increased to 84.37% in the second cycle with a good category.
Relationship between Sprint, Change of Direction, Jump, and Hexagon Test Performance in Young Tennis Players
Authors: Hernández-Davó Jose Luis , Loturco Irineu , Pereira Lucas A. , Cesari Ricard , Pratdesaba Jordi , Madruga-Parera Marc , Sanz-Rivas David , Fernández-Fernández Jaime
Published: March 2021

The hexagon agility test is widely used in tennis players’ fitness evaluation, although its validity has not been fully stablished. This study aimed to assess the relationships between sprinting, jumping, and change of direction (COD) ability and hexagon test performance. Thirty-five under-16 tennis players completed a testing battery including the hexagon test, 20-m linear sprint, bilateral and unilateral countermovement jumps (CMJ), triple leg-hop for distance, T-Test, 5-0-5 and Pro-Agility test on two different sessions, separated by one week. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM) were used to assess the reliability of the test. Pearson’s product correlations (r) were used to analyze the relationships between the hexagon test and the other fitness tests. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The hexagon test showed high relative reliability (ICC = 0.88) and low SEM values (0.17 s). Significant small to large correlations were found between the hexagon test time and linear sprint time (r = 0.40 to 0.60), COD tests (r = 0.53 to 0.79), and jumping performance (r = -0.40 to -0.68). The hexagon test is a simple, quick, easy-to-implement and reliable test, which allow it to be included in tennis players’ testing batteries. The test is related to measures of speed, power and agility, although the magnitude of these relationships does not allow for the replacement of the more traditional assessments (e.g., CMJ, 20-m sprint, T-Test) within tennis players’ testing batteries.
Decentralization and Tax Federalism: Ways to Develop Local Self-Governance
Authors: DUSENBINOV Arman
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the features of implementing tax federalism in a unitary state. The article analyzes the implementation of the fourth level of the budget in the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the experience of tax independence of municipalities in the European Union. The article analyzes the weaknesses of the current model of financing local self-government in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the state of self-government in General. It is assumed that the system used for financing the local community does not fully use the economic and investment potential of the territories. It is proposed to introduce elements of an independent fiscal policy at the local government level in the Republic of Kazakhstan to increase the investment attractiveness and self-sufficiency of the fourth-level budgets.
Time Series Dynamics of Short Term Interest Rates in Turkey
Authors: Siklar Emel , Siklar Ilyas
Published: March 2021

Interest rate functions as the cornerstone for the heavy majority of the financial models. The high volatility in interest rates in the financial crisis of 2008/09 and resulting increased uncertainty led many researchers to focus on modeling the dynamics of changes in short term interest rates. This study aims to analyze the volatility of short-term interest rate in Turkey in terms of overnight repo rate and to forecast this rate for the next six months by modelling this volatility. For this purpose, the ARCH family models like ARCH, GARCH and EGARCH were preferred to use since they are the most common methods in the literature. Using the weekly frequency data for the period of January 2002 - January 2021, the model that best describes the stochastic volatility in the data was found to be the GARCH (1.1) model. As a result of the fact that the in-sample estimates were found sufficient, the interest rate estimates for the next 6 months were realized.
Acute pancreatitis and hepatitis: A rare presentation of Epstein–Barr virus
Authors: Ramalingam Sathishkumar , Muruganandam Maheswari , Arora Harkesh , Gunasekaran Kulothungan , Padmanabhan Priyesh
Published: March 2021

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) usually causes infectious mononucleosis characterized by fever, tonsillar pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy. The systemic complication of pancreatitis and hepatitis is a rare complication of EBV.
The Causality Relationships Between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s (KSA) Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in the Period From 1987 to 2019
Authors: Noureldin Sayed Mohamed
Published: March 2021

This study aims to test the causality relationships between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s (KSA) military expenditure and economic growth in KSA, by using time-series data in respect of the period from 1987 to 2019. This study applies the Granger causality approach and uses the ARDL bound test approach to test the long-term relationships between the variables. By applying the Granger causality approach, this study’s findings show that the rate of growth rate in KSA’s military expenditure does not result in a similar rate of growth in the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, by applying the Granger causality approach, there is a bidirectional causality relationship between the KSA’s military expenditure and the fixed rate of the country’s capital growth.
Contexto, indagación y modelización para movilizar explicaciones del alumnado de secundaria
Authors: Jiménez-Liso Mª Rut , Delgado Luis , Castillo-Hernández Francisco J. , Baños Isabel
Published: March 2021

Conectamos investigación y práctica docente con el análisis del diseño de una secuencia que integra la contextualización, indagación, modelización y la evaluación de su efectividad desde las ideas del alumnado que moviliza. La metodología cualitativo-interpretativa utilizada permite analizar la práctica docente y los resultados muestran que la contextualización en un problema cercano (muerte de peces y algas en la playa) genera en los estudiantes diversidad de explicaciones sobre las posibles causas y coherencia en qué pruebas necesitarían para demostrarlas o refutarlas. La búsqueda de pruebas para detectar la auténtica causa de la muerte, en este caso por deshidratación, ofrece conocimiento descriptivo que condiciona sus explicaciones, necesarias para que el modelo de simulación diseñado de ósmosis tenga sentido para el alumnado y les sea de utilidad para transferir a otros contextos.
El discurso de estudiantes para maestro cuando describen y definen cuerpos geométricos
Authors: González-Regaña Alfonso J. , Martín-Molina Verónica , Toscano Rocío , Fernández-León Aurora , Gavilán-Izquierdo José María
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo, nos planteamos avanzar en el estudio de la práctica matemática de definir de los estudiantes para maestro. Esta investigación ha sido realizada usando un marco teórico sociocultural: la teoría de la comognición (Sfard, 2008), que considera las matemáticas como un tipo particular de discurso, lo que lo convierte en el foco de estudio. El instrumento de investigación diseñado, que constaba de 9 preguntas abiertas sobre la descripción y definición de cuerpos geométricos, hizo posible acceder al discurso tanto hablado como escrito de estudiantes para maestro. El análisis de este discurso nos ha permitido identificar propiedades discursivas (narrativas, uso de palabras, mediadores visuales, rutinas y metarreglas) con el objetivo de localizar conflictos comognitivos que podrían conllevar un aprendizaje matemático de estos estudiantes al resolverse.
Actividades de textos escolares. Su contribución al desarrollo de la competencia científica
Authors: García Barros Susana , Martínez Lossada Cristina , Rivadulla López Juan
Published: March 2021

La competencia científica se promueve a través de capacidades específicas que facilitan las actividades de enseñanza. Dada la importancia de los libros de textos en la realidad educativa, se propone el análisis de sus actividades. Se analizaron 1723 actividades de textos de Primaria y ESO de tres editoriales, dirigidas al estudio de seres vivos y alimentación/nutrición humana. Para ello se establecieron categorías basadas en las capacidades asociadas a la competencia científica y otras cognitivas básicas identificadas empíricamente. Los textos presentan actividades similares entre sí que priorizan estas últimas capacidades frente a las más exigentes asociadas a la competencia científica. Se sugiere la conveniencia de que sus nuevas propuestas promuevan capacidades diversas y progresivamente más exigentes para atender a las dimensiones de la competencia científica.
High School Students’ Understanding of Proof
Authors: Derrick Josephine , Cavey Laurie
Published: March 2021

Challenging to learn, proof can be equally challenging to teach. Insights gleaned about students’ conceptions of proof from 10 high school students who completed four proof-related tasks during one-on-one interviews led to a few instructional takeaways for teachers.
Capital erótico: el poder de la seducción en el proceso comunicativo
Authors: Estanyol i Casals Elisenda
Published: March 2021

La forma en que miramos, el modo en que nos movemos, el tono de voz que utilizamos, la ropa que nos ponemos… todo comunica y contribuye a la imagen que de nosotros se forman los demás. Pero, ¿somos realmente conscientes de ello? Y, lo más importante, ¿hasta qué punto podemos llegar a controlarlo?
UOCom: la agencia de comunicación solidaria y gestionada por estudiantes
Authors: Creus Amalia
Published: March 2021

Innovadora y solidaria. Así es UOCom, la agencia virtual de comunicación corporativa dónde los estudiantes de la UOC pueden hacer prácticas profesionales teniendo como clientes a entidades del tercer sector. Esta iniciativa se desarrolla en el marco del proyecto ComCity, un proyecto de innovación docente que nace para dar respuesta a las necesidades de una parte significativa del alumnado de la UOC: los estudiantes que no tienen disponibilidad para hacer prácticas de manera presencial.
Multiple Superconducting Phases in UTe2: A Complex Analogy to Superfluid Phases of 3He
Authors:   Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kambe Shinsaku
Published: March 2021

In quantum liquids, large differences are observed owing to differences in quantum statistics. The physical properties of liquid 3He (Fermion) and 4He (Boson) are considerably different at low temperatures. After the discovery of superconductivity in electron (i.e., Fermion) systems, a similar pairing ordered state was expected for 3He. Remarkably, the observed ordered state of 3He was more surprising than expected, multiple superfluid phases in the T-P phase diagram. The origin of the multiple phases was attributed to ferromagnetic interactions in the p-wave symmetry state.
Alicja na wygnaniu. Anya v strane chudes Vladimira Nabokova jako przykład adaptacji
Authors: Letka-Spychała Olga
Published: March 2021

Niniejszy artykuł jest poświęcony rosyjskojęzycznemu przekładowi Alicji w Krainie Czarów Lewisa Carrolla wykonanemu przez Vladimira Nabokova w 1923 roku (Аня в Странe Чудес). Istotnym elementem jego genezy jest fakt, iż tekst sekundarny powstawał w czasie, gdy pisarz, podobnie zresztą jak inni członkowie rosyjskiej inteligencji, przebywał na emigracji. Punktem wyjścia dla rozważań jest potraktowanie Nabokovowskiej wersji jako adaptacji, celem – wskazanie w jaki sposób adaptacyjne zabiegi zniekształciły oryginał, na jakie zyski i straty go naraziły. Autor skupia się na dwóch elementach tytułowej Krainy Czarów: nazwach bohaterów oraz literackich aluzjach przepuszczonych przez tłumacza przez filtr rosyjskiej kultury. Ich zestawienie z oryginałem ujawniło zmiany w warstwie semantycznej antroponimów i układzie formalnym parodiowanych tekstów. Niemniej jednak, udomowienie przyniosło również zyski w postaci wzbogacenia tekstu o funkcję terapeutyczną pozwalającą rosyjskim ekspatriantom przetrwać trudy wygnania i zachować pamięć o utworach należących do rosyjskiego kanonu literackiego.
Classifier uncertainty: evidence, potential impact, and probabilistic treatment
Authors: Tötsch Niklas , Hoffmann Daniel
Published: March 2021

Classifiers are often tested on relatively small data sets, which should lead to uncertain performance metrics. Nevertheless, these metrics are usually taken at face value. We present an approach to quantify the uncertainty of classification performance metrics, based on a probability model of the confusion matrix. Application of our approach to classifiers from the scientific literature and a classification competition shows that uncertainties can be surprisingly large and limit performance evaluation. In fact, some published classifiers may be misleading. The application of our approach is simple and requires only the confusion matrix. It is agnostic of the underlying classifier. Our method can also be used for the estimation of sample sizes that achieve a desired precision of a performance metric.
A Review of Natural Language Processing Techniques: Application to Afan Oromo
Authors: Abera Hordofa Bekele , Dechasa Degefa Shambel
Published: March 2021

Language is a means of communication and a symbol of national identity. Afan Oromo is one of written and spoken indigenous language in Ethiopia which uses a writing system called Qubee. Natural language processing is automatic or semi-automatic processing of human language that helps computers to understand and process language. NLP techniques involve various linguistic levels to understand and use language. Linguistic levels are an explanatory method for presenting what actually happens within a natural language processing system. This is very important to develop appropriate and desired NLP applications at both higher and lower levels. In this paper, we present a review of techniques, current trends and challenges in NLP application to Afan Oromo.
Spontaneous Haemoperitoneum in Pregnancy- A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Mayadeo Niranjan , Devalla Anusha
Published: March 2021

Spontaneous haemoperitoneum in pregnancy is an extremely rare condition that poses a diagnostic dilemma for the obstetrician. The authors here present a case of 23-year-old primigravida presenting at 34-weeks with acute pain in abdomen masquerading as clinical chorioamnionitis secondary to prolonged rupture of membranes. Abdomen palpation revealed uterine tenderness and pathological cardiotocography tracings suggesting the need for immediate delivery of the foetus by emergency caesarean section. Intraoperatively, there was haemoperitoneum (800 mL) and bleeding superficial uterine serosal veins on the posterior surface of uterus seen on exploration. The patient was successfully managed with favourable maternal and fetal outcome.
Agreement between the Radiological Diagnosis of Mullerian Duct Anomalies on 3 Tesla MRI and Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Madhukeshwar Adarsh Kibballi , Hassan Hadi , Rao Smitha B
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Mullerian Duct Anomalies (MDAs) are developmental abnormalities of paramesonephric ducts. MDAs usually present with reproductive issues. Aim: To determine the agreement between the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings of MDAs with clinical diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Retrospective observational study was done where the MRI abdomen and pelvis imaged using 3 Tesla (T) MRI during the period of two years (May 2018 till April 2020) were reviewed. The American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification was used for classifying MDAs. Clinical details (clinical symptoms, findings from pelvic examination, imaging modalities other than MRI, surgeries/procedures like laparoscopy, laparotomy, hysteroscopy, etc) were obtained by reviewing the case records and agreement between radiological and clinical diagnosis was observed using Kappa statistics. Results: Out of 1,054 female MRIs of abdomen and pelvis screened during the study period about 36 patients were found to have MDAs. Thirty six MRIs were included for the final analysis and three were excluded because of no consensus in diagnosis. Prevalence of MDA was 3.13% and mean age of the study participants was 24.76 (±5.52) years. The minimum and maximum ages were 15 years and 36 years respectively. Most common symptom of MDAs was repeated miscarriage (36.36%) followed by dysmenorrhea (30.30%). For evaluation of the uterus, there was agreement in 27 out of 33 patients and disagreement in 6 out of 33. Reporting was done by two radiologists. The radiological diagnosis was made first and the cases with MDAs were checked for clinical diagnosis. Excellent agreement was observed between the radiological and clinical diagnosis with kappa value of 0.80. Retrospective image analysis was done to specify the disagreements and the causes were found to be lack of specific criterion for conditions like arcuate uterus, presence of associated complex and less known pathological conditions and not acquiring thinner volume sections in certain cases having thin septa. Conclusion: Among female patients who were diagnosed with MDAs, excellent agreement was observed between the radiological and clinical diagnosis. Few pitfalls were noted which needs to be addressed while making a diagnosis of MDAs in MRI.
Designs and Applications of Circularly Polarized Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules
Authors: Frédéric Lucas , Desmarchelier Alaric , Favereau Ludovic , Pieters Grégory
Published: March 2021

The design of fluorophores merging circularly polarized luminescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence properties has recently emerged as a promising direction for the development of efficient CP‐Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (CP‐OLEDs). This progress report gives an overview of the molecular designs explored to obtain CP‐TADF properties, of their performances as chiral emitters in CP‐OLEDs, and discusses future challenges for this burgeoning field of research.
4D Printing of Shape Memory Materials for Textiles: Mechanism, Mathematical Modeling, and Challenges
Authors: Biswas Manik Chandra , Chakraborty Samit , Bhattacharjee Abhishek , Mohammed Zaheeruddin
Published: March 2021

Shape memory materials (SMMs) in 3D printing (3DP) technology garnered much attention due to their ability to respond to external stimuli, which direct this technology toward an emerging area of research, “4D printing (4DP) technology.” In contrast to classical 3D printed objects, the fourth dimension, time, allows printed objects to undergo significant changes in shape, size, or color when subjected to external stimuli. Highly precise and calibrated 4D materials, which can perform together to achieve robust 4D objects, are in great demand in various fields such as military applications, space suits, robotic systems, apparel, healthcare, sports, etc. This review, for the first time, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, focuses on recent advances in SMMs (e.g., polymers, metals, etc.) based wearable smart textiles and fashion goods. This review integrates the basic overview of 3DP technology, fabrication methods, the transition of 3DP to 4DP, the chemistry behind the fundamental working principles of 4D printed objects, materials selection for smart textiles and fashion goods. The central part summarizes the effect of major external stimuli on 4D textile materials followed by the major applications. Lastly, prospects and challenges are discussed, so that future researchers can continue the progress of this technology.
Tin Oxide Electron‐Selective Layers for Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Altinkaya Cesur , Aydin Erkan , Ugur Esma , Isikgor Furkan H. , Subbiah Anand S. , De Bastiani Michele , Liu Jiang , Babayigit Aslihan , Allen Thomas G. , Laquai Frédéric , Yildiz Abdullah , De Wolf Stefaan
Published: March 2021

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a promising photovoltaic (PV) technology, where the evolution of the electron‐selective layers (ESLs), an integral part of any PV device, has played a distinctive role to their progress. To date, the mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2)/compact TiO2stack has been among the most used ESLs in state‐of‐the‐art PSCs. However, this material requires high‐temperature sintering and may induce hysteresis under operational conditions, raising concerns about its use toward commercialization. Recently, tin oxide (SnO2) has emerged as an attractive alternative ESL, thanks to its wide bandgap, high optical transmission, high carrier mobility, suitable band alignment with perovskites, and decent chemical stability. Additionally, its low‐temperature processability enables compatibility with temperature‐sensitive substrates, and thus flexible devices and tandem solar cells. Here, the notable developments of SnO2as a perovskite‐relevant ESL are reviewed with emphasis placed on the various fabrication methods and interfacial passivation routes toward champion solar cells with high stability. Further, a techno‐economic analysis of SnO2materials for large‐scale deployment, together with a processing‐toxicology assessment, is presented. Finally, a perspective on how SnO2materials can be instrumental in successful large‐scale module and perovskite‐based tandem solar cell manufacturing is provided.
A Morphable Ionic Electrode Based on Thermogel for Non‐Invasive Hairy Plant Electrophysiology
Authors: Luo Yifei , Li Wenlong , Lin Qianyu , Zhang Feilong , He Ke , Yang Dapeng , Loh Xian Jun , Chen Xiaodong
Published: March 2021

Plant electrophysiology lays the foundation for smart plant interrogation and intervention. However, plant trichomes with hair‐like morphologies present topographical features that challenge stable and high‐fidelity non‐invasive electrophysiology, due to the inadequate dynamic shape adaptability of conventional electrodes. Here, this issue is overcome using a morphable ionic electrode based on a thermogel, which gradually transforms from a viscous liquid to a viscoelastic gel. This transformation enables the morphable electrode to lock into the abrupt hairy surface irregularities and establish a conformal and adhesive interface. It achieves down to one tenth of the impedance and 4–5 times the adhesive strengths of conventional hydrogel electrodes on hairy leaves. As a result of the improved electrical and mechanical robustness, the morphable electrode can record more than one order of magnitude higher signal‐to‐noise ratio on hairy plants and maintains high‐fidelity recording despite plant movements, achieving superior performance to conventional hydrogel electrodes. The reported morphable electrode is a promising tool for hairy plant electrophysiology and may be applied to diversely textured plants for advanced sensing and modulation.
Advancements in Throughput, Lifetime, Purification, and Workflow for Integrated Nanoscale Deterministic Lateral Displacement
Authors: Wunsch Benjamin H. , Hsieh Kuan Yu , Kim Sung‐Cheol , Pereira Michael , Lukashov Stanislav , Scerbo Chris , Papalia John M. , Duch Elizabeth A. , Stolovitzky Gustavo , Gifford Stacey M. , Smith Joshua T.
Published: March 2021

Nanoscale deterministic lateral displacement (nanoDLD) has emerged as an effective method for separating nanoscopic colloids for applications in molecular biology, yet present limits in throughput, purification, on‐chip filtration, and workflow restricting its adoption as a practical separation technology. To overcome these impediments, array scaling and parallelization for integrated nanoDLD (i‐nanoDLD) enrichment devices are developed to achieve a density of ≈83 arrays mm−2 with 31 160 parallel arrays, producing an ≈30‐fold concentration of the target colloid and a record throughput of 17 mL h−1. Purification using a dual‐fluid input embodiment of i‐nanoDLD is demonstrated to successfully remove background contaminants from target colloid samples, including urine. Used serially, high‐throughput enrichment and purification chips achieve >1700 gain in particle over protein concentration compared to input sample. Additionally, integration of upstream filter banks shows improved operation lifetime > 7× for particles with diameters close to the gap size. Finally, the integrated design and associated flow rates allow a straightforward approach to chip‐to‐world interfacing as demonstrated using a prototype system for facile, turn‐key sample processing. Collectively, these developments advance nanoDLD into the range of sample volumes and process times needed for research and clinical samples.