bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-Commerce (Marketplace) for Marketing of MSME Products in Balekambang Village-East Jakarta
Authors: Ariwibowo Prasetio , Djuhartono Tjipto
Published: April 2021

The problems faced by the Balekambang community UMKM are conventional marketing, sales based on sales and cash. Balekambang community MSMEs have not yet utilized e-commerce technology as a means of marketing products. As a result, the marketing area is very limited (local). So that the purpose of holding this PKM is expected that 80% of Community Service participants are able to plan product marketing and have e-commerce-based application management skills (for example: website, Market Place, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, etc.) for marketing UMKM products in Balekambang-East Jakarta. This method of implementing Community Service (PKM) is in the form of a Website & Marketplace Workshop for the Balekambang Community-East Jakarta already has a business that has been running for at least 3-6 months and has the intention of opening a business (new entrepreneurship). As a partner in this PKM activity, the Karang Taruna manager provides supporting infrastructure for community service activities such as providing PKM space, sound system, focus, blackboard, chairs and tables, etc. The results of this PKM activity partners want to actively participate in every activity held. The partner succeeded in applying directly from the theory obtained at the previous PKM meeting to improve product quality and increase its market share in the future, in the form of having a sales account and making transactions to generate income in one of the serving market places. as a PKM training medium.
Data dependencies and funding prospects: A 1930s cautionary tale
Authors: Pooley Jefferson
Published: April 2021

Misinformation studies relies, to some extent, on access to data from large technology firms, which also seed grants, sponsor events, and support think tanks working in the field. These companies, facing scrutiny from regulators and critics, have a stake in their portrayal. This essay recounts a pair of episodes in early radio research, as a cautionary tale. The Princeton Radio Research Project, the leading U.S. media research program of the 1930s, had multiple ties to the radio industry. The project’s leadership, and its main philanthropic sponsor, were keen to maintain good relations with the networks. A pair of critical researchers, James Rorty and Theodor Adorno, violated the project’s de facto ban on scrutinizing radio’s commercial underpinnings. They were both dismissed. Could ongoing access to data, and the prospect of future funding, lead today’s researchers—and even other, non-corporate patrons—to conclude that certain questions are too incendiary to pose?
Transmission stability of chirped dark vector quasi-solitons in birefringent fiber system with nonlinear gain
Authors: Yan Xiao  , Jing Zhang  , Qi He
Published: April 2021

In this article, we consider the coupled Ginzburg–Landau equation with variable coefficients including the nonlinear gain and obtain the exact solutions of chirped dark vector quasi-solitons via the ansatz method. Next, the propagation of chirped dark vector quasi-solitons is discussed to verify whether they can be transmitted stably in the birefringent optical fiber system. The numerical simulation shows that this can be achieved. We deeply add the small perturbation to the transmission of dark vector quasi-solitons to make the results above more general. The results further prove the correctness of our solutions.
Orbital angular momentum due to modes interference
Authors: Rondón Ojeda Irving , Soto-Eguibar Francisco
Published: April 2021

We present generalized expressions to calculate the orbital angular momentum for invariant beams using scalars potentials. The solutions can be separated into transversal electric TE, transversal magnetic TM and transversal electromagnetic TE/TM polarization modes. We show that the superposition of non-paraxial vectorial beams with axial symmetry can provide a well-defined orbital angular momentum and that the modes superposition affects the angular momentum flux density. The results are illustrated and analyzed for Bessel beams.
Research on the propagation of partially coherent cosh-Gaussian beams through an ABCD optical system in non-Kolmogorov turbulence by effective tensor approach
Authors: Hongjie Ma  , Jinsong Li  , Yueyang Chen
Published: April 2021

An efficient tensor approach is used to study the propagation of partially coherent cosh-Gaussian beams through an ABCD optical system in non-Kolmogorov turbulence. Analytical expressions for the average intensity of the beam propagation are derived. The properties of the average intensity are investigated with a numerical example. One finds that the propagation of the beam with larger spatial coherence length is less affected by distance when the propagation distance is long enough, and as the Ch-parameter increases, the beam propagation is less effected by turbulent atmosphere. It is also found that the average intensity distribution of the cosh-Gaussian beams with larger spatial correlation length is more affected by the structure constant of turbulence (i.e., turbulence level). By choosing a suitable Ch-parameter and spatial coherence length, the partially coherent cosh-Gaussian beams can be better transmitted in non-Kolmogorov turbulence. Our results will be useful in free-space communication.
Utilizing Events for Placemaking of Precincts and Main Streets: Current State and Critical Success Factors
Authors: Son Insun Sunny , Krolikowski Chris , Rentschler Ruth , Huang Songshan (Sam)
Published: April 2021

Events have been well-recognized for their economic and social benefits; however, their broader effect on regenerating urban space and placemaking has not been duly examined. Using the community capitals framework, this study aims to address this gap by exploring how events are used
for placemaking of main streets and precincts, and the critical success factors (CSFs) of placemaking through events. Semistructured interviews were conducted with local councils and business associations who are responsible for the development and management of significant precincts and main
streets in Adelaide, Australia. Findings indicate that events effectively assist in placemaking of precincts and main streets not only through economic development and improving place identity but also by creating positive community changes through place activation and social capital and community
capacity development, which have the capacity to deliver more enduring benefits of placemaking. Four CSFs are identified in placemaking of main streets and precincts through events, namely active engagement and collaboration; a good fit; strategic event concepts; and a holistic placemaking
plan. Based on the study findings, practical recommendations for planners and practitioners about the effective use of events for placemaking are provided.
Does Strategic Leadership Support Organizational Commitment: Evidence from Islamic Banks in Kuwait
Authors: Alabduljader Salah A.
Published: April 2021

The need for loyal strategic leadership has never been more important than it is today. The twenty-first century requires - as no other century has ever imposed - on the leaders of organizations to create strategic awareness and dynamic renewed processes, in order to ensure strategic consistency. From that point, current study aimed at examining the influence of strategic leadership on developing organizational commitment within Islamic banks in Kuwait. Quantitative approach was adopted depending on a questionnaire that was distributed on (273) employees within Islamic banks in Kuwait. With an R value of (.817) results of study indicated an influence of strategic leadership on organizational commitment through its impact from a managerial perspective which scored an R value of (.769) and ethical perspective with an R value of (.495). Study recommended promoting strategic leadership practices by investing in human capital and focusing on continuous learning and improvement
Analysis of Foreign Experience with the Introduction of Automated Management Systems at Industrial Enterprises in the Formation of Business Clusters
Authors: LYSAK Viktor
Published: April 2021

The author based on information from open sources analyzed the foreign experience in the implementation of automated enterprise management systems in 2012–2019. The article identifies the reasons for the introduction of ERP-systems (Enterprise Resourse Planning) in terms of: updating management automation technologies, unification of reporting and simplification of staff work, improving operational efficiency, solving economic growth problems and ensuring competitiveness, as key of directions in business clusters formations. The analysis presents dynamics of deployment of ERP deployment models and the structure of the reasons of enterprises’ refusal to use cloud software deployment models is presented. The dynamics of development of the domestic market of cloud services is revealed. Trends in the choice of approaches to ERP introduction are studied. The types of consulting services provided in the process of implementation of enterprise management automation projects have been analyzed. The assessment of the state of use of ERP in the engineering industry showed the ambiguity of integrated systems that would satisfy their developers, suppliers and ERP-users, due to trends in the implementation of IT in ERP for small and large enterprises, their purchasing capacity and cost parameters. The structure of the reasons for restraint before the deployment of ERP in the cloud was determined, among which the largest shares were insufficient awareness and risks of data loss. It is proved that although the volume of the market of cloud services for enterprises is growing every year, the main factor for the implementation of ERP is the use of IT, which helps to minimize dissatisfaction with the system. The analysis of the key indicators of ERP-systems introduction over the last decade showed significant overspending of time and money on their implementation. However, there are some advantages after the introduction of ERP-systems, which include: improving business efficiency, improving integration between distributed systems, improving customer service, speeding up reporting and standardization, facilitating the work of employees, standardization of basic business operations, reducing circulating (current) assets, etc.
Legal Component of Public Policy in the Field of Public Health in the Aspect of Providing Social Support for Vulnerable Sections of the Population
Authors: DEMIKHOV Oleksii , SHIPKO Andrii , SHKLYAR Serhii
Published: April 2021

The author’s legal support of the components of the structural-functional model (SFM) of medical care for children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is given in this article, in particular regarding social support for families in which children with disabilities are raised, which is aimed at strengthening social protection, individualization of the worker schedule and employment, expanding the availability and cheapening of food products, patient-oriented social assistance and improving the economic condition of persons with children with disabilities, other urgent problems of patients with BPD. The Law of Ukraine number 544-VIII «On Employment» renewed the rights of citizens with additional guarantees in employment, and provided these guarantees, and with respect to the target contingent of the SFM, it strengthens the social protection of parents, the establishment of a shorter working time or part-time or non-working week only for women who raise a disabled child, individualization of working time in the care of a sick family member. It is envisaged to ensure fairness in taxation in accordance with EU Council Directive number 2006/112, and in relation to the target contingent of the SFM — the reduction in the cost of food for special nutrition for children. It is also ensured that social justice is implemented in the pension provision of the parental family and, in relation to the target contingent of the SFM, is the improvement of the economic condition of persons with disabled children. A comprehensive reform of the health care system has been defined to create a network of state and communal institutions with a sufficient level of independence, which in relation to the target contingent, the SFM implements approaches aimed at creating a patient-oriented system that can provide medical care in an institution. In order to improve the legislative and regulatory support during 2014–2019, directions for the implementation of the legislative initiative were identified. Socio-medical assistance has been improved: social protection of parents with dependent children under 6 years of age has been strengthened, working hours have been individualized when taking care of a sick family member, food products have been cheapened for special nutrition of children, the creation of a patient-oriented care system has been substantiated, the economic state of persons supporting children has been improved while increasing the mutual responsibility of parents in material assistance and other, which improved the regulatory and legal support of this component of the SFM of medical care for children with BDL.
Aile Hekimleri için Pratik Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Bilgisi
Authors: Yalçın Necim , Yoldas Adem , Demir Sevcan , Koca Hande Esra , Tokgöz Betül , Ataç Halit , Karakaya Fethi , Çakır Caner , Baysal Zeki , Özel İsmail , Çetinkaya Alişar Dilek , Kızılgöz Derya , Yıldırım Mustafa Murat , Oğuz İbrahim , Etgü Fatma
Published: April 2021

Değerli aile hekimlerimiz için konu dağılımlarını özenle seçerek klinik pratik yaklaşım ile yazmaya çalıştığımız bu eserin klinik pratikte değerli aile hekimlerimiz için bir yol gösterici olmasını temenni ederim. Bu kitabın yazım süreci boyunca özveri ile çalışan tüm yazarlara teşekkür ederim.Bu kitabı çok sevdiğim eşim Dilan’a ve canım oğlum Emirhan Ali’ye armağan ediyorum.
Reliability and Performance of Wafer Level Fan Out Package for Automotive Radar
Authors: Hartner Walter , Niessner Martin , Arcioni Francesca , Fink Markus , Geissler Christian , Hebler Birgit , Haubner Gerhard , Wojnowski Maciej
Published: April 2021

Embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) or FO-WLP (Fan-out wafer-level packaging) is investigated as a package for MMICs (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) for automotive radar applications in the 77GHz range. Special focus is put on the thermo-mechanical performance to achieve automotive quality targets. The typical fatigue modes “solder ball fatigue” and “copper fatigue”, evolving during thermo-mechanical stress like cycling on board will be discussed. Simulation as well as experimental preparation results for typical fatigue levels are given. In addition, several influencing parameters are listed and rated regarding their effectiveness. The theoretical framework why solder ball fatigue is the only failure mode causing electrical failure is provided.

 

The impact of different thermo-mechanically driven fatigue modes is discussed. The two important parameters to be considered for the functionality of the Radar system are RF (Radio Frequency) and thermal performance.

 

For elaborating the RF performance with present fatigue modes, the phase shift between different channels and pads is analyzed by full-wave EM (Electromagnetic) simulation. It is found that for fatigue levels up to 90% the phase shift stays below specification for single fatigue modes and may approach specification only for an unlikely combination of all 90% fatigue modes.

 

For assessing the thermal performance with present fatigue modes, thermal simulation as well as thermal measurements are used. Assuming 50% degradation in average for all thermal balls, an increase in RTH of up to about 30% is seen. On average for all thermal measurements, the deviation between measurement and simulation is within ±1°C.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR ORGANISASI DAN ANALISIS PEKERJAAN TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS ORGANISASI PADA POLITEKNIK CITRA WIDYA EDUKASI DI BEKASI
Authors: I Isnainny
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of organization structure and job analysis on organization effectiveness. The population included all 68 employees Politeknik Citra Widya Edukasi. The sample consist of 65 persons using saturated sampling. Variabel that being used is organization structure and job analysis as independent variabel, and organization effectiveness as variable dependent. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and be processed by SPSS 25.0. Purpose of this research is to see progress of organization effectiveness in Politeknik Citra Widya Edukasi. Primary data are collected to reveal employee perceptions of the effectiveness of organization and their knowledge in organization structure and their job description.  Results shows that organization effectiveness for Politeknik Citra Widya Edukasi is less effective because organization structure and job analysis need overview.
PERAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PADA UMKM BISNIS JASA DI BULAK KAPAL BEKASI
Authors: Muliawan Budi
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of work motivation on employee productivity and how much influence of work motivation on employee work productivity of SME on Bulak Kapal Bekasi. This research is a quantitative descriptive research type. Data were collected using a questionnaire method, which was then analyzed using simple regression analysis using SMART PLS 3.0 for Windows which includes the t test. The results showed that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee work productivity, that is indicated by a positive regression coefficient of 8.86 with a value of t = 14.079> t table = 2.042 and a probability value of 0.000 t test which is smaller than α = 0.05. The magnitude of the influence of work motivation on employee work productivity of SME  is indicated by the coefficient of determination of 0.78. This shows that 78% of employee work productivity is influenced by work motivation.
Consideration on Construction and Development of Shanghai Smart Metro
Authors: Chunjie Liu , Yu Sun , Yuqing Zhao , Qing Cai
Published: April 2021

The degree of intelligence and service level of urban rail transit has significant influence on the measurement of intelligent transportation. In this paper, the importance of smart metro development is discussed from the perspectives of national development background, technology development trends, and people’s basic requirements, and the features of smart metro in multiple levels are analyzed. On this basis, the construction target, system architecture, and construction methods of smart metro are put forward, and the applications of smart metro are elaborated from smart construction, smart operation and maintenance, and smart service.
BYD attended the 3rd Intelligent Metro International Forum
Authors: Journalist Print
Published: April 2021

On July 7, 2020, the third “International Forum of Intelligent Metro Chief Information Officer and Chief Engineer” held in Shanghai, co-sponsored by Shanghai Transportation Research Center and the Intelligent Metro Alliance. At the forum, well-known domestic and international metro operators, rail transit solution providers, and industry association experts gathered to discuss the development modes for an intelligent, efficient, and safe rail transit, explore market potential, and enhance international exchanges and cooperation.
Campo profissional e arquitetura nos anos 1980. Um olhar através da revista “Casa e Jardim”
Authors: Bentes Dely
Published: April 2021

O ponto de partida da reflexão aqui proposta é o inventário de 192 edições da revista Casa e Jardim, entre os anos de 1977 e 1992. À luz da teoria da comunicação e da sociologia - representados por autores como Mike Featherstone (1995), Pierre Bourdieu (2007) e Garry Stevens (2003) -, pretende-se esquadrinhar as reportagens, editoriais e a publicidade, em busca de sutilezas nas entrelinhas dos textos e imagens. Esta análise permite enxergar como a publicação colabora com a organização do campo profissional em um momento de expansão do mercado, ajudando a estabelecer os parâmetros para o exercício cotidiano dos arquitetos, e especialmente a  sua relação com os clientes. Paralelamente, a inabilidade do meio acadêmico em lidar com esta realidade - o que resulta na exclusão de parte do produto da disciplina do registro histórico e da crítica – é problematizada.
MEASURING VOLATILITY SPILLOVERS BETWEEN DEVELOPED AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN EMERGING STOCK MARKETS: A MULTIVARIATE GARCH APPROACH
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Hoàng Anh , Trần Thị Thanh Huyền , Huỳnh Ngọc Kim Minh , Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Trân
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we measure volatility spillovers among eleven stock markets, including five developed markets (the United States, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong) and six Southeast Asian developing markets (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) over the 25-year period from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 2017. Employing the GARCH-DCC model and non-parametric sign tests on the correlations between developed markets and emerging markets, we find that correlations between developed markets and the Southeast Asian markets have risen sharply during periods of crisis, indicating the existence of volatility spillover effects from the developed markets to emerging ones. Full sample analysis suggests that volatility spillover from Japanese and the UK markets to the Southeast Asian emerging markets is stronger and more apparent than those transmitted from the US and Germany markets. Sub-sample analysis is able to identify the markets transmitting shocks to others. Results also suggest that Vietnam market is not fully integrated to the regional and global markets.
EVALUATING ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IMPLEMENTATION OF ISO 14031 GUIDELINES AND ISO 14001 CERTIFICATION BY INDUSTRIAL SECTOR IN SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Mansour Mohamed , Alsulamy Saleh
Published: April 2021

Conflicting research results regarding the application of environmental management systems on the environmental performance of industrial organizations between positive, negative, and no effect made studying this relationship a complex research problem. This study aimed to assess the extent of the commitment of industrial organizations in Saudi Arabia in applying ISO 14031:2013 guidelines to evaluate environmental performance and to study the association between the guideline implementation by ISO 14001:2015 certified and uncertified organizations. Using the descriptive approach, the association was identified between 13 independent variables representing ISO 14031:2013 guidelines for environmental performance evaluation and ISO 14001:2015 certification based on a 596 organizations survey conducted from May to December 2020, in addition to comparing the results of the study with similar studies. The results showed a medium positive correlation of ISO 14031 measurement variables with ISO 14001 certification. The study answered the question concerning the association of implementing of ISO 14031 guidelines to evaluate the environmental performance of ISO 14001 certified or uncertified organizations. Limited resources organizations should focus on monitoring environmental indicators and concentrate of planning activities to ensure the organizations uses environmental condition indicators data efficiently. Future studies are necessary to determine causal relationships, to develop specific environmental performance measures, and to integrate ISO 14031 in ISO 14001.
A Near-infrared Chemical Inventory of the Atmosphere of 55 Cancri e
Authors: Deibert Emily K. , de Mooij Ernst J. W. , Jayawardhana Ray , Ridden-Harper Andrew , Sivanandam Suresh , Karjalainen Raine , Karjalainen Marie
Published: April 2021

We present high-resolution near-infrared spectra taken during eight transits of 55 Cancri e, a nearby low-density super-Earth with a short orbital period (<18 hr). While this exoplanet’s bulk density indicates a possible atmosphere, one has not been detected definitively. Our analysis relies on the Doppler cross-correlation technique, which takes advantage of the high spectral resolution and broad wavelength coverage of our data, to search for the thousands of absorption features from hydrogen-, carbon-, and nitrogen-rich molecular species in the planetary atmosphere. Although we are unable to detect an atmosphere around 55 Cancri e, we do place strong constraints on the levels of HCN, NH3, and C2H2 that may be present. In particular, at a mean molecular weight of 5 amu, we can rule out the presence of HCN in the atmosphere down to a volume mixing ratio (VMR) of 0.02%, NH3 down to a VMR of 0.08%, and C2H2 down to a VMR of 1.0%. If the mean molecular weight is relaxed to 2 amu, we can rule out the presence of HCN, NH3, and C2H2 down to VMRs of 0.001%, 0.0025%, and 0.08%, respectively. Our results reduce the parameter space of possible atmospheres consistent with the analysis of Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 observations by Tsiaras et al. and indicate that if 55 Cancri e harbors an atmosphere, it must have a high mean molecular weight or clouds.
Occultation of a Large Star by the Large Plutino (28978) Ixion on 2020 October 13 UTC
Authors: Levine Stephen E. , Zuluaga Carlos A. , Person Michael J. , Sickafoose Amanda A. , Bosh Amanda S. , Collins Michael
Published: April 2021

We observed the occultation of the star Gaia DR2 4056440205544338944 by (28978) Ixion. The event was observed from two Lowell Observatory sites, using the 4.3 m Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT), near Happy Jack, AZ, USA, and a 0.32 m telescope co-mounted with the Titan Monitoring telescope on Lowell’s Mars Hill campus in Flagstaff, AZ. The LDT chord, at 44.86 s, was roughly 30% longer than the longest predicted possible chord. Under the assumption of a spherical body, Ixion’s fitted diameter D = 709.6 ± 0.2 km. The LDT light-curve profile was used to place an upper limit on the surface pressure P < 2 μbar on any possible atmosphere of Ixion. At the distance of Ixion, the occulted star had a fitted projected diameter of 19.25 ± 0.3 km assuming uniform disk illumination, giving a stellar angular diameter of 0.675 ± 0.010 mas. Using the Gaia EDR3 parallax of 0.565 mas, the stellar radius is

. The measured size is consistent with prior spectral classification of this star as a reddened mid-M giant. This is one of only a modest number of M5 III stars to have a directly measured diameter, and is more distant than most.
An orchid (Orchidaceae)-rich area recommended for preservation in Novosibirsk Region, Russia
Authors: Dubynin Alexander , Selyutina Inessa , Egorova Alexandra , Blinnikov Mikhail
Published: April 2021

The spatial distribution of 14 species of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) was studied at the left bank of the Koynikha River (Iskitimskiy District, Novosibirsk Region, Russia). Four species are listed in the Russian Federation Red Data Book, four are listed in the Novosibirsk Region Red Data Book. The number of individual plants is sufficient to ensure the long-term viability of each red-listed orchid population. What is apparently one of the largest populations of Cypripedium macranthos in the region is described (up to 5,000 individuals). Some of the orchids discovered require further study, namely interspecific hybrids of Dactylorhiza and Gymnadenia and distinctive floral developmental morphs of Platanthera. Аpplying the international criteria for allocation of an “Important Plant Area”, we nominate a new one for South Siberia. Based on the analysis of plant species composition of protected areas in Novosibirsk Region, we conclude that in situ preservation of orchids in the region is overall insufficient. It is therefore necessary to organize a new protected area “Orchid Zapovednik” in the category of “botanical Zakaznik” on 335 hectares with an explicit floral diversity conservation mandate and long-term orchid population monitoring.
La réforme italienne des retraites
Authors: Fornero Elsa
Published: April 2021

Cet article revient sur la genèse puis le parcours politique de la réforme des retraites dite « Monti-Fornero ». Cette réforme toujours active fut rédigée et adoptée en moins de quarante jours en 2011 dans un contexte de pression internationale sur les finances publiques italiennes. L’histoire des réformes débute véritablement, en 1992, sous le gouvernement Amato qui fit adopter des mesures de contrôle du niveau des pensions en les indexant sur les prix au lieu des salaires. Ensuite, en 1995, sous le gouvernement Dini, fut lancée une réforme ambitieuse de transformation progressive d’un régime de retraite reposant alors sur un principe de prestations définies en pensions à cotisations définies. Cette réforme qui devait voir naître un régime de comptes notionnels à l’italienne avait le principal défaut d’une mise en place très lente. Suite à la crise financière de 2009 et la crise des dettes souveraines, l’Italie fut contrainte de faire appel à un soutien européen en 2011. Soutien obtenu en contrepartie de réformes ambitieuses. C’est dans ce contexte que la réforme Monti-Fornero fut votée avec pour principales mesures une accélération de l’agenda de la réforme Dini et une hausse significative des âges minimaux de liquidation. Bien que transparente, soutenable financièrement et donc capable de restaurer la confiance dans le niveau futur des pensions, la réforme n’en a pas été moins impopulaire. Depuis la fin du gouvernement Monti, les partis politiques, y compris ceux qui avaient soutenu la réforme, ont eu tendance à prendre leur distance par rapport à la mesure voire à s’y opposer farouchement. En particulier, la Ligue du nord en a fait un cheval de bataille électorale. Pourtant, en 2018, son entrée au gouvernement n’a pas conduit à un changement fondamental de la réforme mais seulement à des mesures provisoires d’assouplissement. L’histoire italienne illustre la difficulté politique et sociale d’adopter une réforme des retraites dans l’urgence alors qu’il aurait été préférable d’agir tôt dès lors que la fragilité de l’équilibre financier était connue depuis bien longtemps.
Aflatoxin and the aetiology of liver cancer and its implications for Guatemala
Authors: Groopman J.D. , Smith J.W. , Rivera-Andrade A. , Alvarez C.S. , Kroker-Lobos M.F. , Egner P.A. , Gharzouzi E. , Dean M. , McGlynn K.A. , Ramírez-Zea M.
Published: April 2021

During the 60 years since the first scientific reports about a relation between aflatoxin exposure and adverse health consequences, both in animals and humans, there has been a remarkable number of basic, clinical and population science studies characterising the impact of this mycotoxin on diseases such as liver cancer. Many of these human investigations to date have focused on populations residing in Asia and Africa due to the high incidence of liver cancer and high exposures to aflatoxin. These studies formed the basis for the International Agency for Research on Cancer to classify the aflatoxins as Group 1 known human carcinogens. In addition, aflatoxin contamination levels have been used in international commodity trade to set the price of various staples such as maize and groundnuts. While there have been many case-control and prospective cohort studies of liver cancer risk over the years there have been remarkably few investigations focused on liver cancer in Latin America. Our interdisciplinary and multiple institutional collaborative has been developing a long-term strategy to characterise the role of aflatoxin and other mycotoxins as health risk factors in Guatemala and neighbouring countries. This paper summarises a number of the investigations to date and provides a roadmap of our strategies for the near term to discern the emergent aetiology of liver cancer in this region. With these data in hand public health-based prevention strategies could be strategically implemented and conducted to lower the impact of these mycotoxins on human health.
A short-term food intake model involving glucose, insulin and ghrelin
Authors: Barnabei Massimo , Borri Alessandro , De Gaetano Andrea , Manes Costanzo , Palumbo Pasquale , Pires Jorge Guerra
Published: April 2021

Body weight control is gaining interest since its dysregulation eventually leads to obesity and metabolic disorders. An accurate mathematical description of the behavior of physiological variables in humans after food intake may help in understanding regulation mechanisms and in finding treatments. This work proposes a multi-compartment mathematical model of food intake that accounts for glucose-insulin homeostasis and ghrelin dynamics. The model involves both food volumes and glucose amounts in the two-compartment system describing the gastro-intestinal tract. Food volumes control ghrelin dynamics, whilst glucose amounts clearly impact on the glucose-insulin system. The qualitative behavior analysis shows that the model solutions are mathematically coherent, since they stay positive and provide a unique asymptotically stable equilibrium point. Ghrelin and insulin experimental data have been exploited to fit the model on a daily horizon. The goodness of fit and the physiologically meaningful time courses of all state variables validate the efficacy of the model to capture the main features of the glucose-insulin-ghrelin interplay.
Incarner un modèle progressiste
Authors: Birocheau Sonia
Published: April 2021

Les années 1890-1930 constituent une période charnière dans l’élaboration de nouveaux modèles professionnels dans l’enseignement aux États-Unis. Soucieux de mener des réformes jugées favorables au progrès de la société, divers acteurs entreprennent de modifier le système de formation des enseignants, les méthodes pédagogiques et l’organisation des systèmes scolaires. Chicago est alors un des principaux centres de réflexion de ces projets progressistes de professionnalisation de l’enseignement.
Cet ouvrage propose une étude historique de ces transformations à partir d’un échantillon élargi et inédit d’acteurs, d’institutions et de sources. Quel rôle les enseignants, les directeurs d’école ou le personnel de l’École normale de Chicago eurent-ils dans l’élaboration et la dissémination de nouveaux modèles professionnels ? Dans quelle mesure ces modèles furent-ils mis en pratique quotidiennement dans les établissements ? Quels furent effectivement l’envergure et le contenu de cette conquête professionnelle ?
Cette étude de cas apporte un point de vue complémentaire sur l’histoire de l’éducation nord-américaine, du progressisme et de Chicago, et aborde des thématiques qui font écho aux réflexions contemporaines sur l’enseignement, le genre ou les relations raciales.
Les valeurs de la science
Authors: Gozlan Clémentine
Published: April 2021

Ces vingt dernières années, le monde de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche a connu une série de réformes sans précédent. Reposant sur de nombreux entretiens, archives et observations, cet ouvrage dresse le portrait des universitaires qui ont travaillé dès 2006 à réformer les normes de la profession scientifique au sein d’une nouvelle instance, l’Agence d’évaluation de la recherche et de l’enseignement supérieur (AERES). Quels savoirs ces acteurs mobilisent-ils pour produire de nouveaux critères d’évaluation ? Dans quelle mesure ces normes redéfinissent-elles ce que « faire de la recherche » signifie aujourd’hui ? Quels défis ces transformations impliquent-elles pour les sciences humaines et sociales ? Parcourant les coulisses d’une agence contestée dès sa création, cette enquête offre un éclairage inédit et intime sur les mutations contemporaines du gouvernement du monde scientifique et réveille les débats sur la science, sa place et sa valeur dans notre société. Cet ouvrage s’adresse aux universitaires qui s’intéressent à la sociologie des sciences, de l’action publique ou des professions, mais aussi plus largement aux étudiants et aux scientifiques qui s’interrogent sur les instruments d’évaluation avec lesquels ils doivent composer au quotidien.
Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Inflammation Is Ameliorated in Dectin-1–Deficient Mice, in Which Pulmonary Regulatory T Cells Are Expanded through Modification of Intestinal Commensal Bacteria
Authors: Han Wei , Tang Ce , Baba Seiya , Hamada Tomofumi , Shimazu Tomoyuki , Iwakura Yoichiro
Published: April 2021

Asthma is an allergic chronic respiratory disease that affects more than 300 million people around the world. Dysbiosis of intestinal commensal microbiota influences the development of asthma. Dectin-1 (gene symbol: Clec7a), a C-type lectin receptor, plays an important role in the intestinal immune homeostasis by controlling regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation through regulation of intestinal microbiota. However, it is not clear whether intestinal immune conditions affect immune responses in other organs. In this study, we examined the effects of Dectin-1 deficiency on allergic airway inflammation (AAI). OVA-induced AAI was attenuated in Clec7a–/– mice. Treg cells were more abundant in colonic lamina propria, mesenteric lymph nodes, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Clec7a–/– mice after AAI induction. Treatment with antibiotics, but not an antifungal agent, decreased the abundance of intestinal Treg cells and aggravated the symptoms of AAI in Clec7a–/– mice. Transplantation of gut microbiota from Clec7a–/– mice into antibiotic-treated hosts increased the abundance of intestinal Treg cells and ameliorated AAI. Overcolonization by Lactobacillus murinus, a Dectin-1 signaling-regulated commensal bacterium, also promoted expansion of Treg cells in the colon and suppressed lung inflammation. Depletion of Treg cells with anti-CD25 Ab eliminated the phenotypic differences between wild-type and Clec7a–/– mice in OVA-induced AAI. These observations suggest that inhibition of Dectin-1 signaling ameliorates AAI by increasing the abundance of Treg cells in lungs through modification of intestinal commensal bacteria, suggesting a role for commensal microbiota in regulating inflammation in organs other than the intestine.
Apparently normal epicardial coronaries in a patient with inferior wall myocardial infraction on the background of mild coronavirus disease-2019: take a second look!
Authors: Kumar Barun , Kodliwadmath Ashwin , Upadhyay Amar , Singh Anupam , N Nanda
Published: April 2021

The coronary angiographic (CAG) findings of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) range from increased coronary artery thrombus burden to normal coronaries due to STEMI mimics. Here we report the case of a 45-year-old gentleman who presented with evolved inferior wall myocardial infarction with ongoing angina along with mild COVID-19. CAG showed normal epicardial coronaries except for distal right posterior descending coronary artery (RPDA) 100% occlusion on careful examination. He was treated for the myocardial infarction with medical management along with treatment of COVID-19. The importance of our case is to highlight the possibility of distal total occlusion of small coronary branches which may be missed if not carefully looked for as a normal CAG in COVID-19 patient will require only supportive therapy, while the finding of distal 100% occlusion of RPDA deemed us to prescribe optimal medical therapy as per acute myocardial infarction protocol along with treatment for COVID-19.
Noncommutative joinings II
Authors: Bannon Jon , Cameron Jan , Mukherjee Kunal
Published: April 2021

This paper is a continuation of the authors' previous work on noncommutative joinings, and contains a study of relative independence of W

^*

-dynamical systems. We prove that, given any separable locally compact group

G

, an ergodic W

^{*}

-dynamical

G

-system

\mathfrak{M}

with compact subsystem

\mathfrak{N}

is disjoint relative to

\mathfrak{N}

from its maximal compact subsystem

\mathfrak{M}_{K}

if and only if

\mathfrak{N}\cong\mathfrak{M}_{K}

. This generalizes recent work of Duvenhage, which established the result for

G

abelian.
Complexity among the finitely generated subgroups of Thompson's group
Authors: Bleak Collin , Brin Matthew G. , Moore Justin Tatch
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate the existence of a family of finitely generated subgroups of Richard Thompson's group

F

which is strictly well-ordered by the embeddability relation of type

\epsilon_0 +1

. All except the maximum element of this family (which is

F

itself) are elementary amenable groups. In fact we also obtain, for each

\alpha < \epsilon_0

, a finitely generated elementary amenable subgroup of

F

whose EA-class is

\alpha + 2

. These groups all have simple, explicit descriptions and can be viewed as a natural continuation of the progression which starts with

\mathbf Z + \mathbf Z

,

\mathbf Z \wr \mathbf Z

, and the Brin–Navas group

B

. We also give an example of a pair of finitely generated elementary amenable subgroups of

F

with the property that neither is embeddable into the other.
The Lieb–Thirring inequality revisited
Authors: Frank Rupert L. , Hundertmark Dirk , Jex Michal , Nam Phan Thành
Published: April 2021

We provide new estimates on the best constant of the Lieb–Thirring inequality for the sum of the negative eigenvalues of Schrödinger operators, which significantly improve the so far existing bounds.
Eco-Driving Control of Connected and Automated Hybrid Electric Vehicles on Multi-lane Roads Using Model Predictive Control
Authors: Khosravinia Kavian , Wang Siyang , Lin Xianke
Published: April 2021

The core idea of advanced eco-driving is to optimize the vehicle’s speed and acceleration profile from the energy point of view using real-time data from the vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I). However, the main assumption of most of the existing advanced eco-driving approaches is that vehicles are maintained on a single-lane road that considers only the longitudinal motion of the vehicle. In multi-lane roads, controlling the lateral movement of the vehicle or the dynamic lane-changing along with the longitudinal movement can have a positive effect on traffic flow, travel time, fuel economy, and exhaust emission of the vehicle. This paper presents a bi-level model predictive control strategy for connected and automated hybrid electric vehicles (CAHEVs) to optimize inter-vehicle safety, energy-saving, and emission reduction while considering both the lateral and longitudinal motions of the vehicle. The proposed control strategy consists of two control levels: 1) the calculation and optimization of the power distribution between the internal combustion engine and an electric motor, which is referred to as the low-level control, and 2) the optimization of the vehicle speed profile, which is the high-level control. Both levels are used to control the longitudinal motion of the vehicle. Lateral motion or lane changing decision is controlled in another control layer based on the energy consumption prediction on each lane. The proposed control strategy is evaluated under different driving conditions in a realistic urban traffic simulation environment in SUMO. Simulation results show a 6.18 % reduction in the fuel economy while the state of charge of the battery maintained in the standard range and 5.94%, 5.01%, and 5.09% decrease in hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) respectively compared to the bi-level MPC-based controller without lane-changing approach.
Firefighting of Li-Ion Traction Batteries - An Update
Authors: Egelhaaf Markus , Ruecker Peter , Heyne Tim
Published: April 2021

SAE paper 2013-01-0213 [1] described firefighting tests with Li-Ion traction batteries. However, additional knowledge and experience has been gained since then. In 2018 and 2019, DEKRA Accident Research and the Department of Anesthesiology of the University Medical Center Göttingen conducted crash tests far beyond standard with four battery electric vehicles. Three of the vehicles’ batteries were used to test a new method of firefighting. A specially designed lance was used to pierce the battery housing, which enabled water to be directly fed into the housings themselves. The method proved to be very effective, but the tests also showed some limitations. The information gleaned from this series of tests and experience gained from other tests was used as a basis for the formation of a multidisciplinary group of experts. The group consisted of representatives of several fire departments, state fire schools, the automotive industry, a medical doctor, accident researchers, fire investigators, DEKRA Accident Research and EV experts. Relevant basic information was collected and incorporated into an information sheet. This was published in German and English on the website of the German Statutory Accident Insurance for firefighters. The paper gives a brief overview of the crash tests, the damage sustained by the batteries (no post-crash fires) and describes the extinguishing tests and their results. The contents of the information sheet are presented and explained.
Medicalization of Female Genital Cutting in Sapele Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria: The Implication for Health Care Provision in Nigeria
Authors: Ikechukwu I. , Isah E.C. , Ehinze S.E.
Published: April 2021

Background: Female genital cutting (FGC) affects over 200 million girls and women globally. It is inimical to health and increasingly being performed by healthcare providers. Medicalization of FGC is proposed by its proponents to reduce and prevent the incidence of its complications and though perceived to be safer, it is unethical and unjustifiable. This study assessed medicalization of FGC in Sapele Local Government Area, Delta State and made recommendations geared towards ending its practice.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among reproductive age women (15 – 44 years) selected using multi-stage sampling. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to obtain quantitative data from 502 women while a focus group discussion guide was used to obtain qualitative data. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and by themes. Results were presented as tables and narratives.Results: Prevalence of FGC was 277 (55.2%), of which 223 (80.5%) were medicalized. The mean age of cutting was 16.8 ± 5.46 years and nurses performed majority 220 (79.4%) of them. Few 44 (8.8%) of the respondents were aware of possible complications of FGC. Qualitative findings indicated that FGC is still being practiced with nurses being reported as major practitioners.Conclusion: Despite concerted efforts to eliminate FGC, its practice is still propagated with increasing heath workers as practitioners. Advocacy and health education for women and girls as well as training and retraining of health care providers is imperative to check this trend.