bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of physical activity in undergraduate students in Israel
Authors: Simchon Yehonatan , Turetsky Olga , Carmeli Eli
Published: July 2016

Background:

Technological development is the main cause for reduced physical activity in populations, increasing the risk of illness and decreasing average life expectancy. A correlation exists between increased physical exercise (PE) and health improvement. The academic curriculum attributes to lack of PE due to sedentary lifestyle and inability to find free time. The purpose of this study was to characterize PE among students in relation to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations and examined the correlation between activity level and grade point average (GPA). We also included an evaluation of the student’s willingness to exercise as part of an elective course program.

Methods:

We used a five experts validated questionnaire, distributed online. The sampling frame was undergraduate students of the Faculty of Social Welfare and Health from the University of Haifa (184 students). Statistical processing was done using SPSS software using the χ2 test and Pearson’s correlation.

Results:

Of the participants 70.7% do not comply with WHO recommendations. Seventy-five percent showed willingness to perform PE if it was part of the curriculum. No significant correlations were found between PE or WHO recommendations and GPA.

Conclusion:

This is a pioneer study among university students. Continued research is needed to characterize the PE in academic institutions.
Southcottians and Shiloh: Genesis 49:10 and the Morphology of a Messianic Hope
Authors: Downing Jonathan
Published: July 2016

This article examines how a prophetic religious tradition can exploit the gaps of indeterminacy within a biblical text, in order to develop new readings in response to changing circumstances. Using Brennan Breed’s ideas about biblical texts as “objectiles,” which are prone to change throughout their life, this article traces the interpretation of Genesis 49:10 in the history of a modern prophetic movement. The article proceeds to examine how members of the so-called Southcottian visitation – a British prophetic movement started in the early nineteenth century by the self-proclaimed prophet Joanna Southcott – have used this text to shape their identity and beliefs. By examining how Southcottian prophets of different generations have handled this text – ranging from Southcott herself to a female-led organisation called the Panacea Society established in the early twentieth century – we can see how prophetic readers have used their authority to guide interpretation of the text, and have shaped how it ought to be read within their respective communities. The article shows how Southcottian readers generate a range of different readings of Genesis 49:10, exploring a series of alternative identities and genders for “Shiloh,” and developing new reading strategies for ascertaining the meaning of the term. The article concludes by reflecting on how the text is affected by the Southcottians’ treatment, and how prophetic readers can exert their authority to even change the text itself. Examining how such idiosyncratic readers receive – and change – biblical texts is an important area for investigation by reception-historians keen to understand what texts can do when handled by their diverse readers. Looking at the reception of biblical texts within heterodox religious traditions also raises methodological challenges: it underscores how readings within a religious tradition are processual, develop over time, and can be generated through private, archival correspondence as well as in published media.
Local Semi-Parametric Efficiency of the Poisson Fixed Effects Estimator
Authors: Verdier Valentin
Published: July 2016

Hausman, Hall, and Griliches [Hausman, J., H. B. Hall, and Z. Griliches. 1984. “Econometric Models for Count Data with an Application to the Patents-R & D Relationship.”
An Optical Power Divider Based on Two-dimensional Photonic Crystal Structure
Authors: Mesri Nazanin , Alipour-Banaei Hamed
Published: July 2016

In this paper, an optical power divider with one input and four outputs has been proposed in a two-dimensional photonic crystal with triangular lattice and simulated using dielectric holes in an air substrate. The dividing properties of the power divider have been numerically simulated and analyzed using the plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain methods. The results show that the transmittance of this divider can be as high as 94.22 % for λ=1.55 µm; thus, the proposed structure is suitable for wavelength division multiplexing communication systems. Also, due to the small footprint of the proposed structure, this optical power divider is applicable for optical-integrated circuit design.
Improved component predictions of batting and pitching measures
Authors: Albert Jim
Published: July 2016

Standard measures of batting performance such as batting average and on-base percentage can be decomposed into component rates such as strikeout rates and home run rates. The likelihood of hitting data for a group of players can be expressed as a product of likelihoods of the component probabilities and this motivates the use of Bayesian random effects models to estimate the groups of component rates. By combining the separate component rates, the aggregate predictions of batting performance for subsequent seasons improve upon standard shrinkage methods. This “separate and aggregate” approach is also illustrated for estimating on-base probabilities and fielding independent pitching (FIP) abilities of pitchers.
A Review of Surface Deformation and Strain Measurement Using Two-Dimensional Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Khoo Sze-Wei , Karuppanan Saravanan , Tan Ching-Seong
Published: July 2016

Among the full-field optical measurement methods, the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is one of the techniques which has been given particular attention. Technically, the DIC technique refers to a non-contact strain measurement method that mathematically compares the grey intensity changes of the images captured at two different states: before and after deformation. The measurement can be performed by numerically calculating the displacement of speckles which are deposited on the top of object’s surface. In this paper, the Two-Dimensional Digital Image Correlation (2D-DIC) is presented and its fundamental concepts are discussed. Next, the development of the 2D-DIC algorithms in the past 33 years is reviewed systematically. The improvement of 2DDIC algorithms is presented with respect to two distinct aspects: their computation efficiency and measurement accuracy. Furthermore, analysis of the 2D-DIC accuracy is included, followed by a review of the DIC applications for two-dimensional measurements.
Sensor Calibration Design Based on D-Optimality Criterion
Authors: Hajiyev Chingiz
Published: July 2016

In this study, a procedure for optimal selection of measurement points using the D-optimality criterion to find the best calibration curves of measurement sensors is proposed. The coefficients of calibration curve are evaluated by applying the classical Least Squares Method (LSM). As an example, the problem of optimal selection for standard pressure setters when calibrating a differential pressure sensor is solved. The values obtained from the D-optimum measurement points for calibration of the differential pressure sensor are compared with those from actual experiments. Comparison of the calibration errors corresponding to the D-optimal, A-optimal and Equidistant calibration curves is done.
Comparative Weak Value Amplification as an Approach to Estimating the Value of Small Quantum Mechanical Interactions
Authors: Parks Allen D. , Spence Scott E.
Published: July 2016

Weak value amplification is a measurement technique where small quantum mechanical interactions are amplified and manifested macroscopically in the output of a measurement apparatus. It is shown here that the linear nature of weak value amplification provides a straightforward comparative methodology for using the value of a known small interaction to estimate the value of an unknown small interaction. The methodology is illustrated by applying it to quantify the unknown size of an optical Goos-Hänchen shift of a laser beam induced at a glass/gold interface using the known size of the shift at a glass/air interface.
Reliability of Pulse Measurements in Videoplethysmography
Authors: Rumiński Jacek
Published: July 2016

Reliable, remote pulse rate measurement is potentially very important for medical diagnostics and screening. In this paper the Videoplethysmography was analyzed especially to verify the possible use of signals obtained for the YUV color model in order to estimate the pulse rate, to examine what is the best pulse estimation method for short video sequences and finally, to analyze how potential PPG-signals can be distinguished from other (e.g. background) signals. The presented methods were verified using data collected from 60 volunteers.
Dynamics of Woodpecker – Common Starling interactions: a comparison of Old World and New World species and populations
Authors: Jackson Jerome A. , Jackson Bette J. S.
Published: July 2016

Woodpecker species whose cavities are most usurped by Common Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are widespread and generalists in their use of habitats. These include primarily woodpeckers that are similar in size to or slightly larger than the starling - such as the Great-spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) of Eurasia and the Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) and Red-bellied (Melanerpes carolinus) and Red-headed (M. erythrocephalus) Woodpeckers of North America. Usurpation occurs primarily in human-dominated urban, suburban and exurban habitats with pastures, sports fields and other open areas that serve as prime feeding habitats for starlings. Starlings prefer high, more exposed cavities with a minimal entrance diameter relative to their body size. Usurpation success depends on timing - optimally just as a cavity is completed and before egg-laying by the woodpeckers. Starlings likely reduce woodpecker populations in more open, human-dominated habitats. Woodpecker habitat losses and fragmentation are more serious problems that enhance habitat quality for starlings and reduce habitat quality for most woodpeckers. The only woodpeckers that might become in danger of extinction as a primary result of starling cavity usurpation are likely island species with small populations. Conservation of rare species limited to islands, such as Fernandina’s Flicker (Colaptes fernandinae) of Cuba, may depend on our ability to prevent the establishment of the Common Starling or other aggressive cavity competitors on their island.

Understanding and interpreting impacts of woodpecker cavity usurpation must include consideration of past woodpecker and Common Starling population fluctuations, breadth of habitats used by woodpecker species, and habitat limitations of Common Starlings. Conservation efforts for woodpeckers and other primary and secondary cavity-nesting species must focus on changes in tree, forest and ecosystem management to encourage maintenance of dead wood, large contiguous tracts that include diverse tree species and old growth, and forested linkages among such areas.
Life history trait differences in isolated populations of the endangered Red-cockaded Woodpecker
Authors: Williamson Lacey , Garcia Victoria , Walters Jeffrey R.
Published: July 2016

Changes in life history traits can reveal adaptations to changing environments. Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) are cooperative breeders that have specific reproductive habitat needs. We examined three separate sites in the southeastern United States to see how life history traits differed among isolated populations of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers from 1980 to 2013. We examined the life history traits group size, partial brood loss, number of fledglings, lay date, clutch size, and lifespan. Traits differed among sites, suggesting that populations were adapted to local conditions and different life history trade-offs were important under different environmental conditions at each site. At the two coastal sites in Florida and North Carolina, the family group sizes, lifespans, and partial brood loss were higher when compared to the inland site in North Carolina. Clutch size and number fledged were higher at the two northernmost sites when compared to the southern site. Identifying the differences in life history traits can allow more specific and effective management practices.
Parental care by Black-backed Woodpeckers in burned and unburned habitats of eastern Canada
Authors: Tremblay Junior A. , Ibarzabal Jacques , Saulnier Marie-Christine , Wilson Scott
Published: July 2016

Nest care is an important parental contribution to offspring. In woodpeckers, males often have an equal or greater contribution to parental care, including nest sanitation. The Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) is a North American boreal woodpecker for which both parents are highly involved in parental care. By modifying their territory size in optimal and suboptimal habitat (e.g. burned vs unburned habitats), this species seems to have a large tolerance to variation in prey abundance at a landscape scale, and could provide a useful biological model to investigate the adaptability of parent care, particularly to relative contribution of each sex. We investigated sex- and habitat-specific parental care behaviour of Black-backed Woodpeckers at 9 nests by daily monitoring during the nestling period. Specifically, we examined two different aspects of parental care: 1) time spent at the nest, and 2) food delivery. We also compared relative contribution between sexes to nest sanitation. Despite our small sample sizes, our results show that males are more involved in nest sanitation and spend longer at the nest, and both sexes exhibit higher food delivery rates and spend less time at the nest in burned habitat. This latter result may suggest that greater effort is needed to provision Black-backed Woodpecker nestlings in unburned habitat compared to burned habitat.
Hitchhikers’ guide to analysing bird ringing data
Authors: Harnos Andrea , Csörgő Tibor , Fehérvári Péter
Published: July 2016

This paper is the second part of our bird ringing data analyses series (Harnos et al. 2015a) in which we continue to focus on exploring data using the R software. We give a short description of data distributions and the measures of data spread and explain how to obtain basic descriptive statistics. We show how to detect and select one and two dimensional outliers and explain how to treat these in case of avian ringing data.
The Curious Case of the PDF Converter that Likes Mozart: Dissecting and Mitigating the Privacy Risk of Personal Cloud Apps
Authors: Harkous Hamza , Rahman Rameez , Karlas Bojan , Aberer Karl
Published: July 2016

Third party apps that work on top of personal cloud services, such as Google Drive and Drop-box, require access to the user’s data in order to provide some functionality. Through detailed analysis of a hundred popular Google Drive apps from Google’s Chrome store, we discover that the existing permission model is quite often misused: around two-thirds of analyzed apps are over-privileged, i.e., they access more data than is needed for them to function. In this work, we analyze three different permission models that aim to discourage users from installing over-privileged apps. In experiments with 210 real users, we discover that the most successful permission model is our novel ensemble method that we call Far-reaching Insights. Far-reaching Insights inform the users about the data-driven insights that apps can make about them (e.g., their topics of interest, collaboration and activity patterns etc.) Thus, they seek to bridge the gap between what third parties can actually know about users and users’ perception of their privacy leakage. The efficacy of Far-reaching Insights in bridging this gap is demonstrated by our results, as Far-reaching Insights prove to be, on average, twice as effective as the current model in discouraging users from installing over-privileged apps. In an effort to promote general privacy awareness, we deployed PrivySeal, a publicly available privacy-focused app store that uses Far-reaching Insights. Based on the knowledge extracted from data of the store’s users (over 115 gigabytes of Google Drive data from 1440 users with 662 installed apps), we also delineate the ecosystem for 3rd party cloud apps from the standpoint of developers and cloud providers. Finally, we present several general recommendations that can guide other future works in the area of privacy for the cloud. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first work that tackles the privacy risk posed by 3rd party apps on cloud platforms in such depth.
Circuit-extension handshakes for Tor achieving forward secrecy in a quantum world
Authors: Schanck John M. , Whyte William , Zhang Zhenfei
Published: July 2016

We propose a circuit extension handshake for Tor that is forward secure against adversaries who gain quantum computing capabilities after session negotiation. In doing so, we refine the notion of an authenticated and confidential channel establishment (ACCE) protocol and define pre-quantum, transitional, and post-quantum ACCE security. These new definitions reflect the types of adversaries that a protocol might be designed to resist. We prove that, with some small modifications, the currently deployed Tor circuit extension handshake, ntor, provides pre-quantum ACCE security. We then prove that our new protocol, when instantiated with a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism, achieves the stronger notion of transitional ACCE security. Finally, we instantiate our protocol with NTRU-Encrypt and provide a performance comparison between ntor, our proposal, and the recent design of Ghosh and Kate.
The role of curing period on the engineering characteristics of a cement-stabilized soil
Authors: Athanasopoulou Antonia
Published: July 2016

Very often, pavements constructed in an economical manner or matching surface elevations of adjacent lanes cannot be designed for the soil conditions of the existing subgrade. Therefore, there is a need to stabilize the soil with an appropriate chemical substance in order to increase its strength to a satisfactory level. For the enhancement of subgrade soil strength characteristics, lime and cement are the most commonly used stabilizers. An experimental program was directed to the evaluation of a clayey soil and its mixtures with different cement contents performing tests on the index properties, the moisture-density relation, the unconfined compressive strength, and linear shrinkage. There is a definite improvement in strength. The time interval used to cure the prepared specimens affected positively both strength and plasticity features of the mixtures. A comparison with mixtures of the same soil with lime has been made, because of the wide use of lime in clay soil stabilization projects.
Concepts and new perspectives for long span bridges
Authors: Brancaleoni Fabio
Published: July 2016

A discussion of the dominant factors affecting the behaviour of long span cable supported bridges is the subject of this paper. The main issue is the evolution of properties and response of the bridge with the size of the structure, represented by the critical parameter of span length, showing how this affects the conceptual design. After a review of the present state of the art, perspectives for future developments are discussed.
Regional government in Poland as a bodz shaping informational policy
Authors: Kuca Paweł , Polak Rafał
Published: July 2016

The present paper is aimed to analyze the activities of the regional government in Poland as an entity conducting activities in the field of information policy. This issue, apart from the theory related to the tasks of the regional government in Poland, is based on the results of the authors’ research on the information policy conducted by the administrative units of the regional government in Poland. Two types of tests were used in the study. Primarily, the results of research on information policy conducted by the Marshal’s Offices, which are organs of the local government administration, were used. These studies involved approach to communication activities in the regional government bodies, applied in organizational solutions, as well as the tools used in the field of information policy. The second part of the study concerned the issue of information policy at the level of regional councils, i.e. legislative bodies of regional governments in Poland.
The Role of Generic Competence and Professional Expertise in Legal Translation. The Case of English and Polish Probate Documents
Authors: Goźdź-Roszkowski Stanisław
Published: July 2016

This paper seeks to demonstrate how the concept of generic competence (primarily intended for monolingual specialized communication) could be extended to address important issues in translating legal texts. First, generic competence is discussed against the backdrop of the related concept of translation competence. Then, a case study is presented which examines a closely related set of documents employed by the professional community of lawyers (represented by an English solicitor and Polish advocate) engaged in the specialist domain of probate law (legal process related to the estate of a deceased person). It is argued that both generic competence and professional expertise should be included in the range of competencies required for the translator of legal texts.
Intersections between Law and Language: Disciplinary Concepts in Second Language Legal Literacy
Authors: Hartig Alissa J.
Published: July 2016

International mobility among graduate students of law presents unique challenges for the teaching and learning of Legal English. Master of Laws (LL.M.) students, for example, often bring both prior legal training and professional experience from their home jurisdiction to their graduate studies abroad. Taking a closer look at the experience of these students as they engage with genres associated with another legal system provides insight into broader issues of intersections between language and content in English for Legal Purposes. This article draws on case studies of four LL.M students from China and Saudi Arabia, a civil law jurisdiction and an Islamic law jurisdiction, respectively, as they learn to read and write common law genres in the United States. Considering students’ experiences with these texts, the article outlines a potential framework for understanding the role of disciplinary concepts in second language legal literacy development. Specifically, the article elaborates a tentative taxonomy for disciplinary concepts that distinguishes between discourse-relevant concepts and discourse-structuring concepts in considering the interaction between language and content in ESP and CLIL for law.
Mediation in Different Areas of Chinese Legal Reality – Parametrisation of Selected Terminology
Authors: Grzybek Joanna
Published: July 2016

The paper deals with terminological issues in legal translation. The author has researched the process of establishing equivalents for partially equivalent terminology, using the parametrical approach to legal translation. The research consists of the terminological analysis of the texts of mediation regulations formulated in Chinese and Polish. The objective was to establish translational equivalents in the case of significant differences between the legal systems of the above mentioned linguistic area. The research was financed from the research grant no. 2012/07/E/HS2/00678, titled: Parameterisation of legilinguistic translatology in the scope of civil law and civil procedure awarded by the National Science Centre of the Republic of Poland (Sonata Bis program).

Determining the acceptability of functional equivalents in the selected linguistic area is possible by comparison of their semantics with the legal structure in different legal systems and cultures. The author investigates if attributing properties from dimensions relevant in translation to mediation law terms can be helpful in the process of translation.
An Alternative Periodization of Romanian History. A Research Agenda
Authors: Poenaru Florin
Published: July 2016

In this paper, I suggest an alternative form of periodization of Romanian history. My aim is not to move around historical posts; rather I propose a different way of understanding Romanian history as such. This is the research agenda. I seek to write a world history from the perspective of a peripheral place like Romania has been. Therefore, this is not simply an attempt to insert a local, neglected, silenced or distorted history into a wider, European, global story (that is, to discover the history of “people without history”), just as it is not another attempt to “provincialize Europe” in favour of a view from its repressed margins. Instead, following Coronil (2004), I believe it is indispensable to globalize the periphery, to understand its worldwide formation. My investigation draws upon the conceptual toolkit of world-system theory and its underlining philosophy of history (Wallerstein, 2011). In the same vein, the guiding principles of my periodization elaborate on Andre Gunder Frank’s insight that the exchange (or rather direct transfer) of surplus between societies is what links regions and societies as whole (Frank, 1978). The focus then shifts from a given society/state and its internal relations to the wider world-system, or world-economy, in which it is embedded. The unit of analysis is not a geographical location, but relations and networks and their historical development.
Brain Drain, innerwestliche Weltmarktkonkurrenz und nationale Sicherheit
Authors: Daniels Mario
Published: July 2016

Vorspann

Auf den ersten Blick erscheinen die transatlantischen Beziehungen in der Ära Adenauer im Zeichen von „Westernisierung“ und „Amerikanisierung“ unbeschwert wie Flitterwochen. Auf den zweiten Blick werden jedoch Verwerfungen im deutschamerikanischen Verhältnis sichtbar, die auf historisch tief verwurzelte politischmentale Divergenzen verweisen und die sich erst in den 1960er Jahren verloren. Mario Daniels zeigt auf, welche überraschenden Konstellationen sich daraus ergeben konnten: Die chemische Industrie der Bundesrepublik, exportorientiert und mit den USA geschäftlich eng verbunden, war allen Überzeugungen von den Segnungen freien Handels zum Trotz die stärkste Verfechterin einer Politik des nationalen Schutzes von privatwirtschaftlichem Know-how. Die Bundesregierung dagegen legte weniger Wert auf nationale Sicherheitsinteressen als auf liberale Marktbeziehungen und erteilte dem Wissensprotektionismus der Chemiebranche eine Absage.
Predictors of Poor School Readiness in Children Without Developmental Delay at Age 2
Authors: Nelson Bergen B. , Dudovitz Rebecca N. , Coker Tumaini R. , Barnert Elizabeth S. , Biely Christopher , Li Ning , Szilagyi Peter G. , Larson Kandyce , Halfon Neal , Zimmerman Frederick J. , Chung Paul J.
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Current recommendations emphasize developmental screening and surveillance to identify developmental delays (DDs) for referral to early intervention (EI) services. Many young children without DDs, however, are at high risk for poor developmental and behavioral outcomes by school entry but are ineligible for EI. We developed models for 2-year-olds without DD that predict, at kindergarten entry, poor academic performance and high problem behaviors.

METHODS:

Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), were used for this study. The analytic sample excluded children likely eligible for EI because of DDs or very low birth weight. Dependent variables included low academic scores and high problem behaviors at the kindergarten wave. Regression models were developed by using candidate predictors feasibly obtainable during typical 2-year well-child visits. Models were cross-validated internally on randomly selected subsamples.

RESULTS:

Approximately 24% of all 2-year-old children were ineligible for EI at 2 years of age but still had poor academic or behavioral outcomes at school entry. Prediction models each contain 9 variables, almost entirely parental, social, or economic. Four variables were associated with both academic and behavioral risk: parental education below bachelor’s degree, little/no shared reading at home, food insecurity, and fair/poor parental health. Areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve were 0.76 for academic risk and 0.71 for behavioral risk. Adding the mental scale score from the Bayley Short Form–Research Edition did not improve areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for either model.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among children ineligible for EI services, a small set of clinically available variables at age 2 years predicted academic and behavioral outcomes at school entry.
Las Innovaciones tecnológicas orientadas al autoabastecimiento energético sostenible en entornos urbanos y regionales en México.
Authors: Mejia Rodriguez Jorge Antonio
Published: July 2016

Recientemente, además del enfoque de política macroeconómica, la búsqueda de la seguridad energética urbana y regional, se orienta al logro del autoabastecimiento energético por parte de las organizaciones e instituciones privadas y públicas. En este sentido, ¿es posible alcanzar la autosuficiencia energética con alternativas sustentables? En particular, si la seguridad energética se vulnera, o bien, si los costos de la factura eléctrica están socavando el óptimo funcionamiento de las empresas y las instituciones, ¿existen opciones tecnológicamente asequibles que permitan optimizar la operación organizacional a nivel micro-empresarial? El propósito del presente trabajo reside en referir los esfuerzos organizacionales que están permitiendo las innovaciones tecnológicas en el modus operandi, tanto privados como públicos, a escala urbana y regional en México. El trabajo se divide en cinco partes, el preámbulo, la segunda parte, en donde se aborda el enfoque de los retos del trilema de la sostenibilidad energética regional; la tercera parte, en el que se destaca el enfoque evolucionista del cambio tecnológico; la cuarta parte, en la que se esbozan algunas opciones de autogeneración sustentable. En la última parte, de conclusiones preliminares, se intenta sintetizar los alcances del trabajo, mismos que pretenden aportar ideas en la búsqueda continua por alcanzar el anhelado y multidimensional desarrollo territorial sostenible.
The Performance of Multivariate Calibration on Ratios, Means and Proportions
Authors: Zhang Hanwen , Gutiérrez Hugo Andrés , Rodríguez Nelson Andrés
Published: July 2016

In this paper, the calibration approach is revisited in order to allow newcalibration weights that are subject to the restriction of multiple calibration equations on a vector of ratios, means and proportions. The classical approach is extended in such a way that the calibration equations are not based on a vector of totals, but on a vector of other nonlinear parameters. We stated some properties of the resulting estimators and carry out some empirical simulations in order to asses the performance of this approach. We found that this methodology is suitable for some practical situations like vote intention estimation, estimation of labor force, and retrospective studies. The methodology is applied in the context of the Presidential elections held in Colombia in 2014 for which we estimated the vote intention in the second round using information from an election poll, taking the results fromthe first round as auxiliary information.
A Study of Cumulative Quantity Control Chart for a Mixture of Rayleigh Model under a Bayesian Framework
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Riaz Muhammad , Sindhu Tabassum Naz , Ahmed Zaheer
Published: July 2016

This study deals with the cumulative charting technique based on a simple and a mixture of Rayleigh models. The respective charting schemes are referred as the SRCQC-chart and the MRCQC-chart. These are stimulated from existing statistical control charts in this direction i.e. the cumulative quantity control (CQC) chart, based on exponential and Weibull models, and the cumulative count control (CCC) chart, based on the simple geometricmodel. Another motivation for this study is the mixture cumulative count control (MCCC) chart based on the two component geometric model. The use of mixture cumulative quantity is an attractive approach for process monitoring. The design structure of the proposed control chart is derived by using the cumulative distribution function of simple, and two components of mixture distribution(s). We observed that the proposed charting structure is efficient in detecting the changes in process parameters. The application of the proposed scheme is illustrated using a real dataset.
Reconteo de los huesos del esqueleto humano
Authors: Alzate Mejía Óscar Andrés , Giraldo Hoyos Nicolás , Alvarán Arango Liz Verónica
Published: July 2016

Introducción. Se ha contemplado la idea de que el esqueleto humano posee cierto número de huesos, asignando siempre la misma cantidad de 206 estructuras; en este conteo no se tienen en cuenta sus clasificaciones, las sinostosis ni si se presentan o no variaciones anatómicas. Objetivos. Proponer un nuevo conteo de los huesos del esqueleto humano a partir de la clasificación habitual y renovar la terminología ósea tradicional. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron textos de Anatomía empleados en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las ciencias para la salud, se exploró en diferentes bases de datos enfocadas en el campo de la medicina y, fundamentalmente, se adoptó la terminología apropiada del texto Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology del Comité Internacional Federativo de Terminología Anatómica. Resultados. Se expone la clasificación tradicional del esqueleto humano en axial y apendicular contando cada uno de sus componentes. Conclusión. Se obtiene un nuevo conteo óseo donde se desagrupan el esternón en manubrio, cuerpo y proceso xifoides; en el sacro y el cóccix se cuentan sus vértebras independientes y el coxal se desagrupa contándose independientemente el ilion, el isquion y el pubis. No se tienen en cuenta huesos sesamoideos ni intersuturales.
Doble carga nutricional y aproximación a sus determinantes sociales en Caldas, Colombia
Authors: Murcia Moreno Nancy Paola , Cortés Osorio Valentina
Published: July 2016

Introducción. La doble carga nutricional (DCN) es una problemática reconocida hace poco tiempo; sin embargo, se destacan estudios realizados en Bogotá, D.C. y en Tumaco, Colombia. Ojetivos. Identificar y analizar la situación de DCN poblacional e individual en Caldas a partir del Diagnóstico Nutricional de Caldas 2014 para, de esta manera, realizar una aproximación a los principales determinantes sociales en el municipio de Aguadas. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo y analítico transversal de tipo retrospectivo realizado en dos etapas: en la primera se analizaron las bases de datos del Diagnóstico Nutricional de Caldas 2014 para identificar la doble carga nutricional poblacional (DCNP) e individual (DCNI), teniendo en cuenta la variable sexo y edad; en la segunda se realizó el diseño, aplicación y análisis de un instrumento en siete casos familiares para realizar una aproximación a los determinantes sociales en Aguadas, Caldas. Resultados. Se evidenció una alta presencia de doble carga nutricional poblacional en los grupos evaluados y una baja prevalencia de doble carga nutricional individual. Los principales determinantes de la DCN en Aguadas son de tipo socioeconómico, gestacional, nutricional y alimentario. Conclusiones. En Caldas, la doble carga nutricional poblacional está presente, siendo los menores de 18 años el grupo con mayores prevalencias; no se evidenciaron diferencias significativas según la variable sexo. Es fundamental identificar los determinantes de la doble carga nutricional para incidir en las bases de la problemática.
Procalcitonina como marcador de sepsis en niños
Authors: González Rangel Diana , Camacho Moreno Germán , Quintero Guevara Omar
Published: July 2016

Introducción. La procalcitonina es un biomarcador de infección bacteriana severa y sepsis, con aplicación diagnóstica, para severidad y pronóstico, el cual muestra valores de sensibilidad, especificidad y puntos de corte variables en niños. Materiales y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo. Se incluyeron niños de 7 días a 18 años, a quienes se les tomó procalcitonina y cultivo el mismo día. Se evaluaron otros biomarcadores como proteína C reactiva y los datos se tomaron de la historia clínica por medio de un formulario. Resultados. Se incluyeron 274 muestras de procalcitonina y cultivos, correspondientes a 162 pacientes con edad promedio de 1.5 años —59% masculinos—. De los 274 cultivos, el 81% fueron hemocultivos, siendo positivos el 17%. La procalcitonina con punto de corte >0.5ng/ml mostró sensibilidad de 76%, especificidad de 46%, VPP de 23% y VPN de 90% para sepsis, con AUC 0.6899 (IC95%: 0.6059-0.774). Se encontró de forma estadísticamente significativa que a mayor valor de procalcitonina mayor mortalidad (p=0.003). La procalcitonina mostró mejor rendimiento que los otros biomarcadores para predecir sepsis. Conclusión. La procalcitonina tiene un buen rendimiento diagnóstico como marcador de sepsis en niños —con mayor utilidad cuando toma valores negativos— y buen valor pronóstico al relacionarse con mortalidad.
Cambios en el estado nutricional y hábitos alimentarios de estudiantes universitarios. Bogotá, D.C. 2013
Authors: Becerra Bulla Fabiola , Pinzón Villate Gloria , Vargas Zarate Melier , Martínez Marín Elvia Marcela , Callejas Malpica Edwin Ferney
Published: July 2016

Introducción. Los estudios de carácter longitudinal sobre el cambio del estado nutricional y hábitos alimentarios en la población universitaria son escasos. Objetivo. Determinar los cambios en el estado nutricional y en los hábitos alimentarios de los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina en dos momentos de su vida universitaria. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo longitudinal en estudiantes de pregrado en el que se realizó seguimiento de su estado nutricional y consumo de alimentos durante su permanencia en la universidad. La muestra fue intencional. Se registró peso, talla y circunferencia de cintura y se aplicó una encuesta para determinar la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Resultados. No se observó un cambio significativo en la talla pero sí un aumento de peso promedio tanto en hombres como en mujeres. Cerca de la totalidad de estudiantes consumió las tres comidas principales y aproximadamente la mitad omitió las mediasnueves y las onces. Se presentó mayor consumo a diario de leche y sus derivados, carnes y jugos de fruta y menor consumo de frutas y verduras. El consumo diario de comidas rápidas disminuyó y el de los alimentos fritos aumentó. Conclusión. Es evidente el cambio en el estado nutricional y en algunos hábitos alimentarios en los estudiantes.
Indicadores de adquisición de la función simbólica en el nivel de acciones verbales en preescolares
Authors: Solovieva Yulia , González Moreno Claudia Ximena
Published: July 2016

Introducción. El paradigma histórico-cultural propone estudiar la función simbólica a través de la adquisición de la experiencia externa durante la actividad conjunta del niño con los adultos. La función simbólica podría llevarse a cabo en el nivel de las acciones materializadas, perceptivas y verbales. Objetivo. Determinar cuáles son los indicadores de adquisición de la función simbólica dentro de la zona del desarrollo próximo y la zona de desarrollo actual para las acciones verbales en niños preescolares entre los 5 y 6 años. Materiales y método. El estudio se realizó con 180 preescolares de Bogotá, D.C. —99 niños de instituciones públicas y 81 niños de instituciones privadas—. A los participantes se les valoró la posibilidad de realizar las acciones simbólicas en el nivel verbal a través de protocolo diseñado con este propósito. Resultados. Los resultados fueron valorados por tres expertos, lo cual permitió proponer como indicador reflexivo de adquisición de la función simbólica en el nivel verbal la posibilidad de explicar respuestas de manera desplegada. Conclusión. La evidencia de la presencia de la función simbólica en el nivel verbal se refiere a la capacidad de reflexionar respecto a las respuestas de la propuesta de tareas independientemente o con ayuda externa por parte del adulto.
Factores genéticos y fisuras orofaciales no sindrómicas
Authors: Tovani Palone Marcos Roberto , Saldias Vargas Vivian Patricia
Published: July 2016

Las fisuras orofaciales son un grupo de anomalías cuya etiología es resultante de la interacción entre factores genéticos y ambientales. Entre todos los genes candidatos para la ocurrencia de fisuras orofaciales no sindrómicas, el más citado y conocido es el IRF6; otros genes importantes son el FOXE1, PVRL1 y el MSX1. A partir de nuevos datos consolidados referentes a esta etiología, se puede establecer un sistema más efectivo de orientación genética para prevenir la ocurrencia de estos tipos de anomalías.  Abstract Orofacial clefts are a group of anomalies whose etiology derives from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Among all candidate genes for the occurrence of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts, IRF6 is the most quoted and known. Other important genes are FOXE1, PVRL1 and MSX1. Thus, from new consolidated data for this etiology a more effective system of genetic counseling can be established to prevent the occurrence of these types of anomalies.
Közösség és haladás Pataki Ferenc munkáiban és életében
Authors: Pléh Csaba
Published: July 2016

Az előadás Pataki Ferenc (1928–2015) vezető magyar szociálpszichológus munkáiban elemzi a közösség és haladás fogalmak történetét. A közösség Pataki számára a csoporttal szemben értéktelített fogalom, Az érintett értékek többnyire a kibontakozásra, fejlődésre, a változás lehetőségére vonatkoznak. A dolgozat ezt a közösségi irányultságú megközelítést szembeállítja a következő nemzedékek egyénközpontúbb hozzáállásával. Ehhez kapcsolódva a haladás értelmezésében Pataki a demokratikus értékelkötelezettség mellett nagy szerepet tulajdonít a nemzeti mozzanatnak is. A nemzeti elem mint fontos identitásképző tényező jelenik meg nála, ugyanakkor magát az identitásalakulást nem öröktől adott lényegek keretében, hanem dinamikus konstrukcióként értelmezi.
Agricultural effects on air–soil exchange and slope instability
Authors: Bosco Giovanni , Simeoni Lucia , Dalpiaz Mattia
Published: July 2016

This study aims to understand in what manner a change from grassland to irrigated apple orchards can produce significant changes on the atmospheric soil–water exchange and in turn on the pore water pressure distribution with depth. Both changes may affect slope stability, as a result of infiltration, a rising water table and modified suction profiles. Pore pressure distributions were determined over an average of a 1-year period. The water balance considers infiltration due to precipitation and irrigation, cleared of run-off losses, and evaporation from soil and induced by plant transpiration. Evaporation and infiltration are related to the climate time history at the ground surface and the suction–saturation response of the soil–vegetation system. Vegetation includes lawn, as the reference condition, and apple trees, new or full-production orchards, under sprinkler or drip irrigation. Slope stability was analysed by neglecting the reinforcing effects of the roots, although this is beneficial for shallow slides, and assuming a planar ground surface.
LA COMUNICAZIONE ONLINE
Authors: La Rocca Elvira
Published: July 2016

Communication is the ability to communicate between members of the same society. The communicative approach is now, influenced by new technology. Thanks to the Internet thousands of information takes place in real time. The new technology has revolutionized time, manner, frequency and immediacy. A significant contribution to the communication was made by J. Austin with his “Speech Act” and his theory where “each mean is also a do.” The communication in the classroom setting creates a series of collective problem solving. A school every communication transmits identity and social position of each entity generating skills and knowledge.
Colaboradores deste número
Authors: Editor O
Published: July 2016

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Telesupervision Benefits for Placements: Allied Health Students’ and Supervisors’ Perceptions
Authors:   The University of Sydney, Australia, Nagarajan Srivalli , McAllister Lindy ,   The University of Sydney, Australia, McFarlane LuAnne ,   The University of Alberta, Canada, Hall Mark ,   The University of Alberta, Canada, Schmitz Corilie ,   The University of Alberta, Canada, Roots Robin ,   University of British Columbia, Canada, Drynan Donna ,   University of British Columbia, Canada, Avery Lisa ,   University of British Columbia, Canada, Murphy Sue ,   University of British Columbia, Canada, Lam Mary ,   The University of Sydney, Australia
Published: July 2016

Telesupervision (TS) uses Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for communication between university-based staff, clinical supervisors and students undertaking placements in the presence or absence of a clinical supervisor onsite. Despite examples of successful implementation (Carlin 2012, Chipchase et al. 2014, Dudding and Justice 2004, Hall 2013) there has been minimal uptake of TS in allied health. This study investigated students’ and clinical educators’ perceptions of the potential benefits and barriers of TS using readily accessible ICT during placements. During 2014-2015, telesupervision/telesupport was provided to a total of 54 Undergraduate and Graduate Entry Masters students from Speech Language Pathology (SLP), Occupational therapy (OT) and Physical therapy (PT) programs at one Australian and two Canadian universities and Exercise Physiology (EP) students at the Australian university. After receipt of TS, 39 students completed an online survey. Nine participating university-based clinical education coordinators (CECs) were interviewed about their experiences. Survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics and interview data were analysed using thematic analysis. Students valued regular TS contact/communication with their CEC to discuss challenges that arose during their placements. CECs believed students benefitted from the opportunities to discuss their placement experiences through TS sessions used for direct supervision and/or for complementing onsite supervision. Students used TS sessions to debrief and reflect on their placement experiences. CECs gained a better understanding of the students’ placement experiences. TS has the potential to develop greater connection between students and CECs and enhance student and supervisor experience of clinical education.
El largo camino desde sus orígenes como correccional: la educación tecnica y tecnológica en el Uruguay
Authors: Cafferatta (Universidad de la República-Uruguay) Gradª. Graciela , Pereira (Universidad de la República-Uruguay) Gradº. Leandro , Marrero (Universidad de la República-Uruguay) Drª. Adriana
Published: July 2016

El propósito de este artículo es revisar la situación de la Educación Técnica y Tecnológica del Uruguay a nivel de Enseñanza Media y trazar líneas históricas que vinculen algunas de las problemáticas actuales a los orígenes de la Institución como una correccional dirigida a jóvenes de los estratos socioeconómicos más bajos. Para ello, se revisarán antecedentes históricos y se describirá, mediante estadísticas especialmente elaboradas para este trabajo, la situación actual de la Educación Técnica y Tecnológica en Uruguay, a nivel de Enseñanza Media Pública.