bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observed snow depth trends in the European Alps: 1971 to 2019
Authors: Matiu Michael , Crespi Alice , Bertoldi Giacomo , Carmagnola Carlo Maria , Marty Christoph , Morin Samuel , Schöner Wolfgang , Cat Berro Daniele , Chiogna Gabriele , De Gregorio Ludovica , Kotlarski Sven , Majone Bruno , Resch Gernot , Terzago Silvia , Valt Mauro , Beozzo Walter , Cianfarra Paola , Gouttevin Isabelle , Marcolini Giorgia , Notarnicola Claudia , Petitta Marcello , Scherrer Simon C. , Strasser Ulrich , Winkler Michael , Zebisch Marc , Cicogna Andrea , Cremonini Roberto , Debernardi Andrea , Faletto Mattia , Gaddo Mauro , Giovannini Lorenzo , Mercalli Luca , Soubeyroux Jean-Michel , Sušnik Andrea , Trenti Alberto , Urbani Stefano , Weilguni Viktor
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The European Alps stretch over a range of climate zones which affect the spatial distribution of snow. Previous analyses of station observations of
snow were confined to regional analyses. Here, we present an Alpine-wide analysis of snow depth from six Alpine countries – Austria, France, Germany,
Italy, Slovenia, and Switzerland – including altogether more than 2000 stations of which more than 800 were used for the trend assessment. Using a
principal component analysis and k-means clustering, we identified five main modes of variability and five regions which match the climatic
forcing zones: north and high Alpine, north-east, north-west, south-east, and south and high Alpine. Linear trends of monthly mean snow depth between
1971 and 2019 showed decreases in snow depth for most stations from November to May. The average trend among all stations for seasonal (November to
May) mean snow depth was −8.4 % per decade, for seasonal maximum snow depth −5.6 % per decade, and for seasonal snow
cover duration −5.6 % per decade. Stronger and more significant trends were observed for periods and elevations where the transition
from snow to snow-free occurs, which is consistent with an enhanced albedo feedback. Additionally, regional trends differed substantially at the same
elevation, which challenges the notion of generalizing results from one region to another or to the whole Alps. This study presents an analysis of
station snow depth series with the most comprehensive spatial coverage in the European Alps to date.
Bagaimana Relasi Suami–Istri Perkawinan Tidak Sekufu dalam Profesi: Dampak terhadap Keharmonisan Keluarga
Authors: Jaya Dadang
Published: March 2021

Perkawinan yang diidamkan oleh setiap pasangan suami istri adalah perkawinan yang harmonis.  Pada faktanya di masyarakat perkawinan suami istri yang tidak sekufu dalam profesi menjadi alasan penyebab ketidak harmonisan, yang bahkan berujung pada perceraian. Relasi suami istri yang beda profesi inilah yang kemudian dianalisis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Relasi Suami–Istri Perkawinan Tidak Sekufu dalam Profesi dan Dampaknya terhadap Keharmonisan Keluarga. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan atau field research dengan menggunakan pendekatan destriptif kualitatif melalui proses wawancara mendalam (indepth interview).Berdasarkan hasil analisis, maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa dari 5 pasangan yang diteliti terdapat hubungan yang tidak harmonis sehingga terjadi perceraian adalah sebanyak 3 pasangan, 1 pasangan yang tidak harmonis tetapi tidak sampai terjadi perceraian  dan 1 pasangan yang harmonis, sehingga keharmonisan tetap terjaga dan tidak sampai mengarah kepada perceraian.
Domótica: genealogía del concepto e integración con ambientes naturales
Authors: Pinzón Castañeda Said
Published: March 2021

Abordar adecuadamente el tema de la domótica exige centrarse en el concepto, en su evolución a través de los años y en el principio de las aplicaciones que la llevaron a hacerse de un lugar entre la informática, la electrónica, la robótica y las telecomunicaciones como una actividad pensada para proporcionar confort y crear una serie de procesos automatizados e inteligentes que mejoran la calidad de vida del ser humano. En la mayoría de los casos, la simplificación de las tareas domésticas es el actor principal de los procesos domóticos; no por ello dejan de ser importantes para la domótica el compromiso con el ambiente, con la utilización adecuada de los recursos naturales y con la posible reutilización de alguno de ellos, tal como ocurre hoy en día con las denominadas viviendas sostenibles.
Aplicación de sistemas programables para los sistemas computacionales y robóticos animatronics
Authors: Orjuela Parra Jeison Andrés
Published: March 2021

En este artículo se presentan los resultados obtenidos durante el desarrollo de un sistema que, al reunir diversos componentes tecnológicos, es capaz de generar movimientos articulares similares a los realizados por el cuerpo humano. A su vez, el documento versará sobre la integración de protocolos de comunicación cuya función es controlar remotamente dicho sistema y, aún más, sobre el proceso de incorporación de diferentes unidades electrónicas que dotarían al sistema de robustez tal que lo harían análogo a uno industrial. También tocará el asunto de la implementación de metodologías capaces de adaptarse al diseño estructural mediante componentes gráficos, análisis de comportamientos y simulación mediante aplicaciones virtuales o matemáticas. Dispuesto así, a lo largo de este texto se intentará evidenciar la importancia de la sinergia de diferentes disciplinas del conocimiento, su utilidad, su evaluación y su necesidad comercial en la construcción de animatronics, a saber, robots capaces de simular movimientos de la naturaleza que se están incorporando paulatinamente en el mundo contemporáneo.
Modelamiento y simulación del sistema de suspensión activa
Authors: Galeano Viasus Diana M. , García Mauricio A.
Published: March 2021

Este artículo detalla las ecuaciones que describen la dinámica del sistema de suspensión activa mediante las expresiones de movimiento de Lagrange. Adicionalmente, se determinan los puntos de operación del sistema y se observa en Simulink la respuesta del modelo obtenido, de acuerdo a variaciones en sus condiciones iniciales.
Good Corporate Governance and Earnings Management in Indonesia
Authors: Sofia Irma Paramita , Dasmaran Verliani
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of audit quality and audit committee on earnings management. The research population is manufacturing companies indexed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the 2017-2019 period. The sample selection method used was purposive sampling. From population of 180 manufacturing companies, and by selecting certain criteria, a sample of 72 manufacturing companies was obtained. Hypothesis testing is performed using multiple linear regression using statistical software SPSS Version 26. The results of this study confirm that partially, audit quality affects earnings management and audit committee also affects earnings management. Then, hypothesis testing is also carried out simultaneously, and the result is that the quality of the audit and audit committee also affects earnings management. The practical implication of this research is that the quality of the audit and the audit committee can be a reference for investors that can be used as material for consideration in making decisions when investing in potential companies.
THEORETICAL STUDY ON THE INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS OF 1,1-DIAMINO-2,2-DINITROETHYLENE WITH NH3 AND H2O
Authors: Du Hongchen , Liu Y. , Liu J.
Published: March 2021

Density Functional Theory (DFT) and dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D) were used to study the intermolecular interactions of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene FOX-7/NH3and FOX-7/H2O supermolecules. The geometries optimized from DFT and DFT-D methods are similar.Six optimized supermolecules were characterized to be local energy minima on potential energy surfaces without imaginary frequencies. The intermolecular interaction energy (binding energy) was calculated with basis set superposition error (BSSE) correction. The largest corrected intermolecular interaction energy is FOX-7/NH3 (-43.76 kJ×mol-1), indicating that the interaction between FOX-7 and NH3 is stronger than that of FOX-7/H2O. The same conclusion is obtained from the studies on the infrared spectrum and frontier orbitals.
DIESEL CONVERSION MAXIMIZATION IN A FT MULTI-BED REACTOR
Authors: Avila L. M. , Santos L. S. , Monteiro L. P. C. , Prata D. M.
Published: March 2021

Recently, modeling and simulation of the diesel production process via Fischer Tropsch (FT) have been the subject of study by several re-searchers. However, studies involving the optimiza-tion of FT technology are scarce, principally pro-cesses involving Fixed Bed Reactors (FBR). The present work aims to simulate and optimize a multi-tubular FT FBR in which the goal is to maximize the diesel production. In this way, the modeling, simulation and optimization of FT process were proposed. The reactor model is based on the one-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous model in which mass and energy balances were taken into account. The resultant ordinary differential equation system was solved by the use of the Adams Moulton meth-od, while the Interior Point method was used for the optimization step. The algorithm was then imple-mented into the Scilab solver. Several case studies were performed, evidencing that the temperature of the cooling fluid and H2/CO ratio fluid significantly impacts the conversion of the reaction.
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF AN ESCALATOR SIMULATION MODEL
Authors: CANO-MORENO Juan David , CABANELLAS BECERRA José María
Published: March 2021

Today’s escalator mechanical systems are based on 100-year-old conventional designs. A sustainable innovation is possible but the industrial inertia of making a prototype for each design has to be changed. This document describes a methodological approach for comparing and validating simulation models through measurements performed on a prototype of a recently patented design. The methodology is based in the adjustment of parameters and the synchronization of cyclic signals in time, allowing the comparison of measurements and simulated outputs. Results shows a high level of correlation between the signals in the time and frequency domains, thus validating the dynamic model and the methodology here presented.
FRACTIONATION OF FATTY ACID ESTERS AND ACYLGLYCERIDES WITH PRESSURIZED CO2
Authors: Cotabarren Natalia , Hegel Pablo , Pereda Selva
Published: March 2021

Fatty mono- and di-glycerides are products highly used in the food, cleaning and cosmetic industries because of their emulsifying properties. These products can be obtained through different synthesis routes, namely, glycerolysis of vegetable oils, direct esterification of fatty acids with glycerol or partial transesterification of vegetable oils with alcohols. The last two chemical pathways produce fatty acid esters besides mono/diglycerides, which are difficult to split and purify at industrial scale because of its low vapor pressure, low relative volatility, and high viscosity. In this work, we evaluate the fractionation of fatty acid esters and acylglycerides by supercritical CO2 technology. High pressure experimental extractions were carried out at different operating conditions to validate the technology and a rigorous thermodynamic model was used to evaluate the fractionation process.
Characterization of Gels Containing Pectin and Optimization of Gel Production by Taguchi Method in Food Industry
Authors: Sagir S. , Acarali Nil , Durak M. Z.
Published: March 2021

The objective of this research was to optimize the gel production by Taguchi Method as an optimization method and characterize gels by using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR – FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The statistical method results were obtained and analyzed comparatively in terms of improving both cost and quality for determination of optimum pro-cess parameters. This optimization method uses the S/N ratio as a measure of quality characteristics deviating from or nearing to the desired values. This method is expected to serve as an alternative to the conventional optimization method. Clear discrimina-tion and classification of all the studied gel products containing pectin were achieved by hierarchical clus-ter. As a result, the gels produced could be evaluated in food products such as ice cream, milk dessert or other gelatin containing products such as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE PRODUCTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TEXTILE DYE CONTAMINATED WATER
Authors: GüL Ülküye Dudu , Bayazit Gizem
Published: March 2021

Abstract -- In this study, the peels of waste agricultural products (banana, orange, potato) used as biosorbent in order to remove textile dyes from aquatic solutions. Biosorption of the commonly used textile dye such as Acid Red P-2BX (AR) was investigated by the peels of different agricultural products. The waste peels of banana, orange and potato were prepared as dried and ash biosorbent. The effects of pH, biosorbent type, dye concentration, biosorbent dosage and temperature on dye biosorption were tested at batch scale level. The best removal of dye was performed by the banana peel. Biosorption by dried banana peel for AR dye was found to be 73.58% at optimum conditions. It was concluded that dried banana peels were effectively used in the treatment of textile dye- contaminated water.
DTM-PADE APPROACH TO MHD SLIP FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OVER A RADIALLY STRETCHING SHEET WITH THERMAL RADIATION
Authors: Sayyed Shoeb Rashid , Singh Brijbhan , Makinde Oluwole , Shaikh Nasreen Bano Muslim
Published: March 2021

The present paper deals with the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of an electrically conducting magnetohydrodynamic viscous fluid over a radially stretching power-law sheet with suction/injection within a porous medium by considering the effects of momentum and thermal slips and thermal radiation. The governing non-linear partial boundary layer differential equations are reduced to a  system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with the aid of appropriate similarity transformations. These transformed ODEs are then solved by employing a semi-analytic technique known as differential transformation method (DTM) in combination with Pade approximation. The numerical values of skin friction and local Nusselt number are tabulated and validated by comparing them with the corresponding values available in the literature. Our results have been found in precise agreement  with the results published earlier. The effects of different governing parameters on velocity and temperature distributions are analyzed graphically. It has been found that with an increase in the velocity slip parameter the fluid velocity decreases whereas the temperature of the fluid increases. Also, the fluid temperature gets enhanced with an increase in the radiation parameter, but it decreases with an increase in thermal slip.
A WOOD BIOPLASTIC COMPOSITE FROM SOY FLOUR AND SAWDUST
Authors: Suarez Natalia Edith , Inalbon María Cristina , Meyer Camilo Ignacio , Regenhardt Silvina Andrea , Duarte Hernán Antonio , Zanuttini Miguel Angel Mario , Marchi Alberto Julio
Published: March 2021

The influence of the processing conditions and composition on the properties of biocomposites made of a bioplastic matrix from soybean protein, crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, reinforced with lignocellulosic material from wood sawdust (Wood Bio-Plastic Composite, WBPC) was investigated. The WBPCs were obtained by thermocompression applying a pressure of 70 bar at 100 and 120 °C for 30 or 60 minutes. Several test pieces were prepared varying the crosslinker/protein and protein/sawdust ratios. The samples obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), flexural and hardness tests, and water absorption and swelling, according to international ASTM standards. The crosslinking of the protein improves the mechanical properties of the biocomposites, especially when contents of bioplastic matrix and crosslinker are low. It was also verified that the WBPCs prepared in this work recover their original shape and dimensions after immersion in water and subsequent drying. The results were explained considering crosslinker-protein and protein-sawdust interactions.
PORE SCALE MODELING OF WETTABILITY EFFECTS ON WATER-OIL DISPLACEMENT
Authors: Freire Rigatto da Cruz Suellen , Nascimento Andreas , Romero Oldrich Joel
Published: March 2021

Due to the concern about oil’s extraction efficiency decline throughout the time, researchers have looked for alternatives to raise the displacement efficiency of trapped oil within micropores, which has a known complex geometry. The use of numerical simulation presents advantages since it is an economically viable technology with good precision. The current proposition analyzes numerically and with the aid of the Ansys Fluent software, the influence of wettability in microcavity geometry in the displacement of oil by water. Several cases with different radius curvatures of the geometry, contact angles and their influence in displacement efficiency of residual oil are evaluated. The results led to a more realistic analysis regarding the mobilization of trapped oil within the microcavities.
THE DETERMINATION OF THE DRYING KINETICS AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF RED PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) USING DIFFERENT DRYING METHODS AND MICROWAVE FINISH DRYING
Authors: Çalışkan Koç Gülşah
Published: March 2021

The effects of different drying processes namely microwave (MD), freeze (FD), convective (CD), and vacuum drying (VD) and combined drying methods (FD+MD and CD+MD) on drying characteristics, effective moisture diffusivity, and activation energy of red pepper powder and total energy consumption of dryers were investigated. All drying processes took place in combined form of constant and falling rate periods for all drying experiments except for CD and CD+ MD. In order to determine drying kinetics of red pepper pulp (RPP) seven thin layer drying models were fitted to experimental data and Page (MD, FD, CD, VD, CD+MD) and Logarithmic (FD+MD) models which had the highest R2 and lowest χ2 and RMSE were found to satisfactorily describe the drying behavior of RPP. Findings indicated that compared to FD and CD alone, intermitted dried samples had significantly higher Deff (p<0.05). Specific energy consumption values ranged between 3.13 and 664.52 MJ/kg H2O
MULTI-STAGE OPTIMAL CONTROL OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION
Authors: Duarte Florencia , Joris Giovanna , Beccaria Alejandro , Dondo Rodolfo
Published: March 2021

The dynamics of production and purification of ethanol from sorghum lignocellulosic materials by a three stages process was modeled and optimized in this work. The process involves a first stage for hydrolyzing sweet sorghum bagasse; a second stage for fermenting the generated sugars and a third stage for the separation of ethanol. Kinetic and distillation equations were embedded into macroscopic balances in order to derive a mathematical model used to solve the three-stage optimal control problem. The aim was to maximize the process productivity by optimally managing the controlled flows between units and by optimally fixing the switching times between the process stages.
AN OPTIMAL FEEDBACK LINEARIZATION APPROACH FOR SOFT LANDING OF ELECTROMECHANICAL VALVE ACTUATOR IN CAMLESS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Authors: Khodadadi Hamed , Ghadiri Hamid , Razavi Ehsan
Published: March 2021

The fuel efficiency, maximum torque and power, and pollutant emissions of internal combustion engines have improved rather than conventional crankshaft system. These improvements are the result of replacing the crankshaft with a camless actuation technology. Soft landing, tracking the desired trajectory, valve seating in a low velocity and having a small time for valve opening and closing are some of the main conflicting objectives in camless engines. Due to the nonlinear model of the system, feedback linearization control is presented for dealing with the system challenges in this paper. Moreover, to optimize the system response, the concept of feedback linearization control is incorporated into the linear quadratic tracker and makes the proposed structure named FLQT. The simulation results indicate the optimal feedback linearization controller has a good performance in the realization of desired goals of the system.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENERIMAAN BEASISWA KURANG MAMPU DENGAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW)
Authors: Asep Syaputra
Published: March 2021

Di berbagai lembaga pendidikan, khususnya sekolah sangat banyak beasiswa yang di tunjukan kepada siswa, baik yang berprestasi maupun yang kurang mampu, beasiswa di tunjukan untuk membantu meringankan beban biaya sekolah bagi siswa yang mendapatkannya, di SMA Muhammadiyah Jarai mengadakan perogram beasiswa kurang mampu untuk siswa dengan memenuhi keriteria-keriteria yang telah ditetapkan oleh sekolah, seperti pekerjaan orang tua, penghasilan orang tua, tanggungan keluarga dari orang tua, nilai raport, keperibadian siswa. Dalam peroses pemilihan siswa untuk  beasiswa ini dibutukan sebuah sistem yang akan mempercepat pihak sekolah dalam menyeleksi siswa. Maka dari itu Sistem Pendukung Keputusan dengan metode simpele additive weighting (SAW), metode ini  adalah salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mencari raiting kinerja setiap alternatif di semua atribut, riset dilakukan dengan mendefinisikan terlebih dahulu keriteria-keriteria yang akan dijadikan sebagai tolak ukur penyelesaian masalah, dan menormalisasikan  alternatif pada setiap atribut cara menilai raiting kinerja lalu menghitung nilai bobot perefrensi pada alternatif dan melakukan perangkingan yang akan menemukan alternatif terbaik dalam pemilihan penerima beasiswa. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah sistem yang dapat membantu pihak sekolah dalam menentukan siswa yang akan menerima beasiswa berdasarkan keriteria dan bobot yang ditentukan dari pihak SMA Muhammadiya Jarai
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN BALITA SEHAT DENGAN MENGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW)
Authors: Ide Ilham, Deni Apriadi
Published: March 2021

Pemilihan balita sehat merupakan salah satu usaha yang di lakukan pemerintah untuk menanggulangi masalah Gizi. Dengan di adakannya kegiatan pemilihan balita sehat di harapkan bisa memacu semangat masyarakat untuk lebih memperhatikan gizi anak-anaknya. Pemilihan Balita Sehat di Puskesmas C Nawangsasi dapat di katakan masih kurang efektif dan efisien. Karena proses pemilihan Balita Sehat masih mengunakan blangko sebagai media penilaian Balita Sehat. Pengunaan blangko sebagai media penilaian masih membutuhkan proses yang lama saat perekapan nilai dan sering terjadi kesalahan, selain itu juga blangko yang di kumpulkan panitia juga sering terjadi kerusakan dan hilang kerena tercampur berkas yang lain. Selain itu panitia kesulitan dalam menentukan balita sehat karena terlalu banyak kriteria sehingga membutukan proses yang lama. Dari banyaknya persoalan yang di hadapi maka di butukan sebuah sistem yang sudah mengunakan sistem teknologi komputer, yang bisa membantu penilaian serta memperoleh suatu keputusan yang baik sesuai penilaian dan kriteria yang sudah ada. metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah waterfall. Sistem pendukung keputusan ini bisa jadi alternatif pemecahan masalah dalam pemilihan balita sehat di puskesmas C Nawangsasi. Sistem pendukung keputusan yang di maksud adalah sistem pendukung keputusan yang bisa membantu panitia penilaian sehingga bisa mengambil keputusan sesuai kapasitas dan kriteria yang ada dengan mengunakan metode SAW.

Kata Kunci: SPK , Pemilihan Balita Sehat, SAW
Management of Vietnamese Civil Servants Research: A Descriptive Approach
Authors: Hương Nguyen Thi Thu
Published: March 2021

In the administration of any country, civil servants always hold a particularly important position. The quality of administrative civil servants directly affects the performance quality of the Government apparatus from central to grassroots levels. The effectiveness and efficiency of Government management are always a direct result from the performance of administrative civil servants. Therefore, building, consolidating and improving the contingent of civil servants to meet the requirements of the current international economic integration is both the goal and the driving force to promote the Vietnamese administrative research in Dien Bien District, Dien Bien province, pointed out the results achieved, the limitation and reasons for management of Vietnamese civil servants, and then proposed some recommendations to improve the management of Vietnamese civil servants in the context of international economic integration.
Talking Birds and Talking to Birds: Transcending the Child in Barnaby Rudge
Authors: Benziman Galia
Published: March 2021

Dickens was one of the first writers to present a central character with an intellectual disability—the eponymous hero of Barnaby Rudge, who bears several symptoms of autism, a syndrome not yet diagnosed in the nineteenth century. This article examines the influence of the Romantic cult of the child on Dickens's articulation of disability as associated with early stages of development. The placing of the linguistically-disabled person on the human continuum is related to the concept of logocentrism, or supremacy of language, as the defining presumption that separates human from animal. This humanist premise was maintained, in the words of Jacques Derrida, “from Aristotle to Heidegger, from Descartes to Kant, Levinas and Lacan” (2008). Exploring the representation of animal-child communication, this article regards the depiction of the talking raven in Barnaby Rudge as a revision of the Wordsworthian idyllic representation of the child and animal in nature. It argues that alongside the historical theme of the novel, and the Rioters' “beastly” violence, there are also the alternative linguistic codes of animal speech and intellectual disability that combine to raise the question of language as a defining property of the human, and its possibly changing qualities in nineteenth-century England.
“The Scandal Detectives”
Authors: Churchwell Sarah
Published: March 2021

Scholars have long known that when F. Scott Fitzgerald describes Myrtle Wilson in The Great Gatsby as a consumer of a gossip magazine called “Town Tattle,” he was making a thinly veiled reference to a real magazine called Town Topics. Perhaps the most infamous scandal sheet in the history of American periodicals, this forerunner of contemporary tabloids ran for nearly fifty years (1879–1937). Especially under the 1891–1920 editorship of its colorful owner, Colonel William d’Alton Mann, Town Topics blackmailed members of the Four Hundred, the wealthiest of American families, to keep embarrassing insinuations about sexual identity, adultery, parentage, and abortion (among other “unmentionable” aspects of social life) off of its pages. In 1905, the magazine’s modus operandi became a national sensation when Emily Post’s husband, Edwin, refused an extortion demand, resulting in a headline-grabbing court case. Mann also founded The Smart Set, the magazine that eventually, after the Colonel sold it off, published Fitzgerald’s earliest stories. Fitzgerald himself made fourteen appearances in Town Topics between 1916 and 1923, the most significant of which involve the celebrity that he and his wife, Zelda Sayre, acquired amid the success of This Side of Paradise in 1920. These references, along with the history of Town Topics, expand our understanding of the significance of “Town Tattle” in Gatsby, revealing that Mann’s notorious publication was not just a “New York gossip magazine,” as critics have suggested, but one with national reach, whose propensity for travestying its subjects provided an agency essential to self-making in the social economy of a rapidly transforming United States and renders its appearance in The Great Gatsby far more meaningful than scholars have yet appreciated.
“Becoming an Instrument for the Symbols of Beauty”
Authors: Cates Meryl
Published: March 2021

When Zelda Fitzgerald resumed her ballet training in her mid-twenties, it was with an urgent resolve to become a respected professional dancer. At its best, Zelda’s intensity toward her lessons and the art form is acknowledged as a fierce determination to express herself; at its worst, it is regarded as obsession and a fast track toward mental deterioration. Her devotion to ballet is often examined from the angle of her homelife and her familial obligations, and a significant misconception is that she became destructively isolated during this period. The culture of the dance studio, the structured environment of her daily ballet classes, and the relationships she developed—including her devotion to her teacher Lubov Egorova—grant an alternative perspective and understanding of her deeply passionate pursuit. It is alongside the star dancers of the 1920s that Zelda trained, and she was swept into the new wave of ballet with daring and spectacular works by Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes alongside the reinvigoration of the Paris Opera Ballet. These experiences, and the sensation of her body in poetic movement, remained with Zelda well after she physically put ballet behind her and focused on her many other passions.
“A Good Man for Structure”
Authors: Read Dennis
Published: March 2021

In the Pat Hobby stories, F. Scott Fitzgerald crafts a comic rendition of what the public came to take him for: a washed-up drunk. Scholars have not recognized the autobiographical dimensions in both the character and the stories, or, more significantly, Fitzgerald’s own feelings of guilt and self-recrimination in framing a richly comic, if bitter, portrayal of the movie industry. This article details how Fitzgerald drew from his own experiences and other writings to cover the same emotional terrain as his 1936 “Crack-Up” series of confessional essays, first published in Esquire, replacing their self-pity and bombastic language with the redemption of humor.
Gatsby’s Third Car
Authors: Clarke Deborah
Published: March 2021

This article argues that Gatsby’s “circus wagon” car is not a Rolls-Royce but a custom-built car. Acknowledging the existence of a custom car aligns Gatsby with celebrity culture and modernist instability, and it highlights the role of the automobile in shaping identity. The ostentatious vehicle reflects a desperate attempt to claim uniqueness and authenticity in a world increasingly defined by Hollywood imagery and Fordist assembly line ideology. By placing Gatsby, through his car, within celebrity culture and linking him to such figures as actor Fatty Arbuckle, the article explores the ways that this ostentatious car reflects his precarious role in the world he seeks to emulate. Drawing on previous scholarship on the novel, on modernist and celebrity theory, and on automobile history, we are reminded that cars are not just symbols or machines; they, like Gatsby, are complex and intricate measures of the self; understanding the vehicle itself—its make, potential cost, and place in modern life—brings greater awareness of the complexity of Fitzgerald’s presentation of automobile culture and its interaction with identity.
The Visual Working Memory Demands of Processing Conventional Metaphoric Language
Authors: Whiteford-Damerall Alison
Published: March 2021

According to the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT; Lakoff & Johnson, 1980), conceptual metaphors, such as “Life is a journey,” are used to map the characteristics of abstract domains (e.g., life) onto more accessible concrete domains (e.g., a journey). Uses such as “dead-end job” and “they’re on the right track” are manifestations of this conceptual metaphor. When and how these mappings might be created remains unclear. Bowdle and Gentner’s (2005) career of metaphor hypothesis suggests that metaphors in “X is a Y” form (e.g., “a lawyer is a shark”) undergo a change in the mode of processing as those metaphors transition from novel conceptual pairings to familiar ones. The current study asks whether the associations between conceptually related concepts are accessed while the metaphoric language is processed in working memory (WM) and, if so, whether the role of WM is moderated by familiarity. If processing linguistic applications of conceptual metaphors involves active access of the concrete source domain, processing metaphoric language, like the concrete language it is being mapped onto, should involve activation of concrete representations and recruit more visual WM resources than literal abstract language. Experiment 1 found no difference in the visual WM demands of processing literal language and conventional expressions of conceptual metaphors. Experiment 2 found that novel expressions of conceptual metaphors placed greater demands on visual WM than familiar expressions. Together, these data provide some support for CMT but suggest that familiarity of the linguistic form of the metaphor plays a role in determining processing modality.
Individual Response–Effect Congruencies Modulate Subsequent Stimulus–Response Compatibility Effects
Authors: Miles James D. , Vu Kim-Phuong L.
Published: March 2021

Expectations of the outcomes of our actions can directly influence response behavior. In 2 experiments, we demonstrate that the congruency between a response and its unanticipated effect (R-E congruency) can also influence task performance by moderating the magnitude of stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility effects on a subsequent trial. This is the case when response effects are physical locations that precede a location-based S-R compatibility task and when response effects are spatial words preceding a spatial word-based S-R compatibility task (Experiment 1). However, prior R-E congruency does not influence the subsequent S-R compatibility effect when the stimulus type has changed from location to word or vice versa (Experiment 2). In both experiments, the correspondence between the spatial information of the S-R task stimulus and prior effect also influences the S-R compatibility effect. We discuss how conflict control and event coding may lead to the observed results and why their influence is specific to spatial mode.
Efficacy of Guided Versus Self-Induced Learning of Web-Based Self-Compassionate Journaling by College Students
Authors: Williamson Jessica , Blackhart Ginette C.
Published: March 2021

We conducted 3 studies examining the efficacy of web-based self-compassionate journaling (SCJ). The goal was to compare the effects of guided and self-administered journaling on self-reported follow-up self-compassion scores and participant perceptions of the induction. In Study 1 participants were randomly assigned to an online SCJ exercise, online narrative journaling control group, or attention control (AC) group, with groups completing tasks for 4 weeks. In Study 2 participants self-selected into either online or in-lab conditions to complete a single-time SCJ exercise. Study 3 was a replication of Study 2, with participants being randomly assigned to conditions. There were no differences in self-compassion between groups in Study 1. However, there was a small but significant overall increase in self-compassion among participants from baseline to follow-up. There were self-compassion differences between online and in-lab groups in Study 2 (with a small effect size). However, these differences were not maintained when the covariate of baseline trait self-compassion was removed from analyses. Study 3 failed to replicate significant findings from Study 2 in all but one variable: whether participants completing the induction alone found the task more difficult to complete. In general, SCJ may not be an adequate way to increase self-compassion regardless of whether it is learned online or in a laboratory setting. Furthermore, those who learn SCJ alone online report difficulty in completing the induction.
The Characteristics and Benefits of Disclosing Personal Experiences in Prison: A Study of the Writing Paradigm
Authors: Curci Antonietta , de Leonardis Lidia , Lanciano Tiziana , Basile Pierpaolo
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics and benefits of writing about personal experiences in prison. A variation of the classic writing paradigm was proposed to a sample of 93 male inmates in southern Italian prisons. Participants were left to write on any personal experience related to their condition and time in prison in 4 daily sessions. Measures of subjective well-being were collected across the sessions. Transcripts were analyzed through sentiment analysis. Cognitive and executive functioning indices (i.e., general cognitive abilities, working memory capacity, inhibition, and shifting) are included as covariates in our analyses on the evolution of well-being measures. Results showed that participants’ well-being improved across the sessions, independent of the emotional valence of the disclosed experience. This effect was partly modulated by the participant’s measure of working memory capacity. After an initial simplification, narrative productions appeared to increase their length and complexity. Our results support the idea that emotional disclosure in our sample of inmates contributes to social integration. Results encourage the adoption of writing procedures, as they are inexpensive and effective in supporting prisoners’ adjustment to prison life. Supplemental materials are available at https://www.press.uillinois.edu/journals/ajp/media/a_study_on_the_writing_paradigm/index.htm
The Investment in Fixed Assets Before and After the Global Financial Crisis (Empirical Study for Industry and Investment Sector in Palestine Stock Exchange)
Authors: Sabri Tamer Bahjat
Published: March 2021

This paper seeks to shed light on investment in fixed assets before and after the financial crisis that took place in 2008 and compare the two periods together in the sectors of industry and investment in Palestine Stock Exchange. The period between 2005 – 2007 was chosen to represent to the pre-crisis time and the period between 2010 -2012 was chosen to represent the post-crisis time. The population of the study consists of fifteen organizations from both sectors. To test the hypothesis of the study, the independent samples T-test was employed.The average ratio of fixed assets to the total assets of industry and investment rose from 56.2% before the crisis to 58.5% after the crisis. As for the hypotheses of the study, the findings showed no difference except for the seventh hypothesis. There was a statically significant difference in the ratio of fixed assets to equity between the listed companies that a high return on assets and those that have a low return.
Reduced Asian Soybean Rust Control by Commercial Fungicides Co-formulations in the 2018-2019 Growing Season in Southern Brazil
Authors: Reis Erlei Melo , Zanatta Mateus , Reis Andrea Camargo
Published: March 2021

It has been a growers concen the reduction of Asian soybean rust (ASR) control by commercial fungicide co-formulations in the last growing seasons in southern Brazil. The objective of this work was to assess the ASR control efficacy by the most used co-formulations in the 2018/19 season. In a field experiment, 19 fungicides in commercial formulations to control soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, were evaluated. Chemicals at their recommended doses were sprayed at four soybean growth stages. The first application was performed with 1.82% leaflet incidence and coinciding with R1 phenological stage. The others were performed at 14-18 days intervals. At stage R6, end of the epidemic and coinciding with half of the defoliation in the control plots, the leaf severity was appraised. The experiment was conducted with Ativa soybean cultivar, in 3 × 6 m plots, four replications and randomized block design. The harvest was made with a plot combine and the yield expressed in grains kg/ha. The means were compared by the Scott-Knott test. The disease control efficacy by 17 fungicide co-formulation showed control less than 57%, one with 78% and none with ≥ 80%. The unsprayed treatment severity was 81% and the greatest control of 78% resulted in 3,876 kg/ha yield. Therefore, the hypothesis raised in this work was accepted showing that the site-specific fungicides co-formulations are showing efficacy reduction season after season.
Antagonism of Plant Pathogens by Calotropis procera
Authors: Cardoso Karla Danielle Nogueira , Martins Maria Josiane , Souza Thaisa Aparecida Neres de , Cardoso Isabelle Carolyne , Souza Patrícia Nirlane da Costa , Pereira Débora Francine Gomes Silva , Almeida Lorena Gracielly de , Castro Marcelly Thais de , Santos Anny Mayara Souza , Xavier Adelica Aparecida , Gonçalves Max Pereira , Ribeiro Regina Cássia Ferreira , Santana Silas Silva , Cardoso Patrícia Gomes
Published: March 2021

Phomopsis sojae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are responsible for stem and pod dryness and white mold in soybean. These pathologies directly affect the quality of seeds/grains and compromise the entire plant. The use of extracts from different plants has been the subject of research for the control of several phytopathogens. Calotropis procera is among botanical species that synthesize efficient compounds for biocontrol. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of C. procera aqueous extract on P. sojae and S. sclerotiorum. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized blocks in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme (two fungi and five extract concentrations 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) with 4 replicates. C. procera aqueous extract concentrations were added to Petri dishes containing PDA. After 48 hours, the mycelial growth rate was evaluated. After seven days of incubation, the fungal colony area, sporulation, and germination of P. sojae and S. sclerotiorum were evaluated. There was significant interaction between fungi × extract concentrations (p < 0.05) for all variables analyzed. The mycelial growth rate of P. sojae was lower than that of S. sclerotiorum. The diameter of the P. sojae fungal colony was smaller than that of S. sclerotiorum when concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% were used. As the extract concentration increased, fungi sporulation and germination reduced.
Callogenesis and in vitro Regeneration of Baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) Esprouts
Authors: Targa Victória Maria Ingre , Costa Francilina Araújo , Rondon Josimara Nolasco , Otoni Wagner Campos
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and naphthalene acetic acid (ANA) on calogenesis and regeneration from baru leaf and apex segments. The explants were obtained from baru plants previously established in vitro from almonds and cauline apices. The leaf segments were placed in Petri dishes containing MS medium (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) with concentrations (0.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 mg L-1) BAP combined with ANA (0.0 and 2.0 mg L-1). The shoot apices were inoculated in test tubes with the same medium using the concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg L-1) BAP combined (0.0 and 0.1 mg L-1) ANA. After 25 days of inoculation, the percentages of callus and texture in leaf explants and apices were evaluated. The number of shoots was also evaluated by the Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability. The most efficient concentration in the formation of callus in leaves was 3.0 mg L-1 BAP + 2.0 mg L-1 ANA (68.88%), at apexes the most efficient concentration was 1.0 mg L-1 BAP without ANA with 100% calogenesis. The most effective concentration was 1.0 mg L-1 BAP without ANA with an average of 1.90 of shoots in relation to the concentrations evaluated.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 13, No. 4
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: March 2021

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2021.
Yield and Yield Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) as Affected by Rock Phosphate in Standoff Soil, Southern Alberta Canada
Authors: Onanuga Adebusoye O. , Fat Roy Weasel , Fat Roy M. Weasel
Published: March 2021

An experiment was conducted in Standoff, Southern Alberta in April, 2020. The object of the experiment was to investigate effect of rock phosphate organic fertilizer on growth and yield of potato crop grown in Standoff. The varying levels of rock phosphate were broadcasted into the soil at control (0 P Kg ha-1), Low P level (50 P Kg ha-1) and High P level (100 P Kg ha-1). The basal application of urea inform of nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 280 N Kg ha-1. Potato seeds were planted at a distance of 30 by 90 cm. The three treatments were replicated three times, resulting into nine plants. One plant was taken out of uniformly grown tallest plant in each of the treatment to measure yield parameters. The yield parameters collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for separation of means. Results of the experiment indicated that High P and Low P rock phosphate fertilizer levels positively influenced weight of potatoes at 76 and 112 Days after sowing (DAS), respectively while High P rock phosphate fertilizer level got highest number of potatoes than Low P and control at 76 DAS. Furthermore, High P rock phosphate fertilizer level and control plots supported marketable number of potatoes at 76 DAS while High P rock phosphate fertilizer level favoured unmarketable number of potatoes at 112 DAS. It was quite obvious from the results that marketable weight of potatoes was positively influenced by High P rock phosphate level and Low P rock phosphate level at 76 and 112 DAS, respectively whereas unmarketable weight of potatoes was affected by High P rock phosphate fertilizer level at 112 DAS. These results revealed the beneficial use of rock phosphate for potato crop production
Exoneration in Sweden
Authors: Martinsson Dennis
Published: March 2021

Exoneration in Sweden: Is It Not about Time to Reform the Swedish Model?

This article reviews exoneration in Sweden, with a focus on the procedure of applying for exoneration. First, it highlights some core features of Swedish criminal procedural law, necessary to understand exoneration in the Swedish context. Secondly, it outlines the possibilities in Swedish law to apply for exoneration, both in favour of a convicted person and to the disadvantage of a previously acquitted defendant. Thirdly, it identifies some challenges with the current Swedish model of administering applications for exoneration. Fourthly, it argues that the current system should be reformed by introducing into Swedish law a review committee that administers applications for exoneration.
A Characterization of Orthonormal Multilevel Wavelet Families in Sobolev Space over Local Fields of Positive Characteristic
Authors: Pathak Ashish , Kumar Dileep
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a characterization of orthonormal multilevel wavelet families in Sobolev space over a local fields of positive characteristic (Hs(K)) is established. Finally an example is presented.