bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Cruickshank Ruth
Published: September 2020

The introduction establishes the untapped interpretative potential bound up with food and drink and representations of it. An extraordinary nexus of post-war French thought that uses or is legible through figures of eating and drinking is identified, along with the new critical combinations which here provide a framework for re-thinking eating and drinking in four case-study novels. The conventional literary potential of food and drink is established, before introducing the contrasting novels which exceed those conventions. These are well-known, prize-winning works, all translated into English. They are self-consciously literary and differently theoretically-informed about intersecting questions of language, trauma, gender, class, race and global market economics. Chapter 1 is introduced as providing a flexible critical apparatus for the ensuing case studies and as a suggestive tool for re-thinking representations of eating and drinking in other genres or media. Optimizing accessibility, case studies can be read singly or severally (references to relevant sections of Chapter 1 are provided), and the novel, writer and any relevant critical material are introduced before re-thinking the representations of food and drink in each post-war French fiction. Thus, culturally-specific insights emerge together with a springboard for examining leftover interpretations in other forms of representational practice from other times and places.
Re-thinking the Story
Authors: Cruickshank Ruth
Published: September 2020

His first nouveau roman [‘new novel’], Robbe-Grillet’s Les Gommes [The Erasers] (1953) eschews conventional storytelling, anthropomorphizing meanings and psychological motivations, instead focussing on ‘the adventure of language’. Food, drink and the places they are consumed are part of a strategy of subverting literary realism, noir conventions and classical tropes as Robbe-Grillet seeks to deny readers narrative satisfaction. However, the interpretative multiplicity of eating and drinking counters such intentions, notably in frequently food-premised mises en abyme (including and exceeding the famous tomato quarter), intended to encapsulate the narrative but full of leftover political, social, cultural and psychological meaning. Robbe-Grillet’s subversion of Oedipus Rex and its scenes of nourishment (and its withdrawal) along with references to hunger point to characters and a narrative fuelled by lack. Constructs of gender and of class distinction are revealed in Robbe-Grillet’s representations of food and drink, as are coercive and excessive effects of capitalism in everyday life. Descriptions of eating and drinking are shown to have ambivalent remainders of trauma (from the Second World War and the impact of consumer culture). Re-thinking the novel through its representations of eating and drinking shows how writing and reading – like feeding – are necessarily transformative, multiple and conflictual processes.
Weighing up the Potential of Literary Consumption
Authors: Cruickshank Ruth
Published: September 2020

Houellebecq’s La Carte et le territoire/The Map and the Territory (2010) provocatively problematizes the potential of art, literature and the French economy in the global marketplace. Meals and drinks in bars, cafés, restaurants, luxury hotels and the home of a soon-to-be-murdered fictional Houellebecq are the premise for discussions of late capitalism, whilst unwittingly – along with the dislocated gastro-anomie embodied by supermarket shopping and excessive drinking – underscoring how lack imbues twenty-first-century relationships. Literary intertexts related to food and drink expose the problematics of the consumption of the writer in the twenty-first-century marketplace, yet artfully distance the writer from some very problematic discourses. Traces and remainders in leftover bits and pieces of charcuterie and questionable fusion food which pepper the novel magnify Houellebecq’s attempts to represent the world with scraps of more or less throwaway culture. These – deliberately or not – both evoke catastrophic excesses of late capitalism and the interpretative and transformative potential of representations of eating and drinking (although not ecocritical concerns about the planet). Although evoking global systems of exploitative violence fuelling the twenty-first century’s economics of excess, analyses of food and drink in the novel reveals a more positive conclusion: that writing can still create from remainders, whatever the market conditions.
‘Of Material Service to Him’
Authors: Croft Kate
Published: September 2020

After the death of his first wife, Peggy in 1773, James Watt wrote: 'In her I lost the comfort of my life, a dear friend and a faithful wife.' While much has been written about Watt's business and scientific partnerships with men, his domestic life and his marital partnerships have received less attention. This chapter considers the support Watt received from his two wives, Peggy and Ann Watt, both personally and professionally. By considering Watt's domestic relationships, and home as both a personal and professional space, this chapter counterbalances the prevailing presentation of Watt, which limits him to a scientific, technical and thus presumptively male context. This chapter seeks to re-evaluate Watt within a domestic and gendered framework to consider the nature and extent of Peggy and Ann's involvement with Watt's technological innovations and business concerns, as well as Watt as a husband and father.
James Watt’s Paine
Authors: Stewart Larry
Published: September 2020

James Watt was deeply alarmed by the promotion of republicanism and democracy in the industrial Enlightenment. In an age of the mob this was not entirely unusual but, near the end of the century, riot and republicanism became a heady mixture. In France, the breach of the Bastille was a symbol not simply of liberty but of the wider collapse of authority. If Watt needed any reminder, it was surely in Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France which predicted the decay of social cohesion. Watt’s fears were soon reflected in the Priestley riots, and especially in the apparent spread of Tom Paine’s Rights of Man. His reaction was also clearly personal along with Watt’s well-known worries over James, junior, who dabbled in dangerous democratic alliances in Manchester and Paris. Watt senior determined he should act by secretly revealing much about local circumstances to the law officers of the Crown.
James Watt and the Business of Natural Philosophy
Authors: Miller David Philip
Published: September 2020

This chapter re-evaluates the place of natural philosophical inquiry in Watt’s life and work, and its relationship to his practical projects. It examines how family, education and working life opened up natural philosophical inquiry for him, and shaped his orientation towards it. Watt’s bursts of experimentation on steam and on the nature of airs are described, which led to his claim to have discovered the compound nature of water, and to his work in pneumatic medicine. It is argued that Watt developed a coherent chemistry of heat that has not been fully appreciated and that informed his steam engine improvements in fundamental but indirect ways, providing a framework for understanding its internal processes. Finally, the varied sites of Watt’s inquiries beyond the laboratory are considered, as is his problematic relationship with the community of natural philosophers, showing that the business of natural philosophy was his primary concern.
James Watt’s Workshop
Authors: Russell Ben
Published: September 2020

The workshop of engineer James Watt is a jewel in the collections of the Science Museum, London. Containing over eight thousand objects, it is a complete physical record of Watt’s working life and interests. Watt is best known for his work on the steam engine but, rather than being filled with steam components, the workshop is full of sculpture, chemistry, instrument-making, antiquity, and much else besides. This chapter will use Watt’s workshop as a lens through which we can explore the knowledge economy underpinning Britain’s industrial revolution and question the kind of knowledge which counted in that economy.
Artist Statement I Gathering and Reusing
Authors: Bernier Celeste-Marie , Rice Alan , Himid Lubaina , Durkin Hannah
Published: September 2020

In this section of the book, Himid discusses Cut-Out Men (1981–85), A Fashionable Marriage (1987), Freedom and Change (1984) and We Will Be (1983).
‘Humour, fury, celebration and optimism’: A Politics of Protest and Cut-Out Men (1981–85)
Authors: Bernier Celeste-Marie , Rice Alan , Himid Lubaina , Durkin Hannah
Published: September 2020

examines the ways in which Himid works to create radically revised and rewritten visual and textual histories, which then become serviceable in contemporary Black freedom struggles worldwide. As argued here, Himid’s bodies of work provide alternative blueprints of artistry and activism. No more hard-hitting confirmation of Himid’s determination to combine ‘humour, fury, celebration, and optimism’ in order to ‘challenge the order of things’ and ‘call in question those in power and make them answerable’ can be found than her earliest series, Cut-Out Men, which she created between 1981 and 1985, and which is the focus of this chapter.
No More Silent Victims: Agency, Authority and Artistry in the Black Woman’s Story in Revenge (1992)
Authors: Bernier Celeste-Marie , Rice Alan , Himid Lubaina , Durkin Hannah
Published: September 2020

“I was trying to write myself, paint myself, and my compatriots, my fellow black artists, if you like, into the history of British painting’, Lubaina Himid writes of the aesthetic, political, ideological and cultural philosophies undergirding her series, Revenge (1992), which is the subject of this chapter. Warring against the iconographic and invisibilising stranglehold exerted by white western male artists in particular, she says, ‘I’m trying to make a comment about how European artists ... have hijacked some of our African and Caribbean imagery, our bodies and all the rest of it’. Staging her own acts and arts of revenge against white western strategies of appropriating and objectifying Blackwomen’s bodies and art-making traditions, she exults in her successes by declaring that ‘I’ve hijacked some stuff back’. ‘The old solutions did not seem to allow for creative imaginings nor did they enable the black woman’s story to take its place amongst the other voices’, she concedes. Himid diagnoses a situation in which ‘old solutions’ or dominant representational modes are responsible for denying as well as distorting ‘the black woman’s story’. Working to do justice not to one but to many Blackwomen’s stories, she cuts to the heart of the matter: ‘Her story is complex and constantly interwoven through the whole, yet is often told simply and by others as that of a silent victim’.
‘The slave servant’: Guerrilla Memorialisation and Multi-accented Performances in Naming the Money (2004)
Authors: Bernier Celeste-Marie , Rice Alan , Himid Lubaina , Durkin Hannah
Published: September 2020

‘Naming the Money’ has become Himid’s signature installation, consisting of 100 colourfully painted figures interacting with each other across a large gallery space accompanied by a soundscape. It speaks to the history of Transatlantic Slavery and to modern modes of labour, which have in common the destruction of identities through the movement across geographies. Scraps of text on accounting paper on the backs of each figure tell poetically the journey of these people through the change in their names when in the new place. The figures act as a guerrilla memorialisation of multiple African diasporic figures who have been forgotten by history. Through the theoretical writings of Paul Ricoeur, Michael Rothberg, Stuart Hall, Dionne Brand, Hershini Bhana Young, Saidiya Hartman and Giorgio Agamben the chapter explicated the ways in which Himid uses her installation to comment on historical and contemporary trauma and those who are lost and displaced, then and now.
‘Lives depend on accurate histories’
Authors: Bernier Celeste-Marie , Rice Alan , Himid Lubaina , Durkin Hannah
Published: September 2020

The book concludes with a summary of the activism that underpins Himid’s artistic practice.
Dust Masses, Compositions, and Luminosities in the Nuclear Disks and the Diffuse Circumnuclear Medium of Arp 220
Authors: Dwek Eli , Arendt Richard G.
Published: September 2020

We present an analysis of the 4–2600 μm spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the west and east nuclei and the diffuse infrared (IR) region of the merger-driven starburst Arp 220. We examine several possible source morphologies and dust temperature distributions using a mixture of silicate and carbonaceous grains. From fits to the SEDs we derive dust masses, temperatures, luminosities, and dust-inferred gas masses. We show that the west and east nuclei are powered by central sources deeply enshrouded behind

cm−2 column densities of hydrogen with an exponential density distribution, and that the west and east nuclei are optically thick out to wavelengths of ∼1900 and ∼770 μm, respectively. The nature of the central sources cannot be determined from our analysis. We derive star formation rates (SFRs) or black hole masses needed to power the IR emission, and show that the [C ii] 158 μm line cannot be used as a tracer of the SFR in heavily obscured systems. Gas masses inferred from dust are larger than those inferred from CO observations, suggesting either larger dust-to-H mass ratios or the presence of hidden atomic H that cannot be inferred from CO observations. The luminosities per unit mass in the nuclei are ∼450 in solar units, smaller than the Eddington limit of ∼1000–3000 for an optically thick star-forming region, suggesting that the observed gas outflows are primarily driven by stellar winds and supernova shock waves instead of radiation pressure on the dust.
MMS Direct Observations of Kinetic-scale Shock Self-reformation
Authors: Yang Zhongwei , Liu Ying D. , Johlander Andreas , Parks George K. , Lavraud Benoit , Lee Ensang , Baumjohann Wolfgang , Wang Rui , Burch James L.
Published: September 2020

Studies of shocks have long suggested that a shock can undergo cyclical self-reformation on a timescale of ion cyclotron period. This process has been proposed as a primary mechanism for energy dissipation and energetic particle acceleration at shocks. Unambiguous observational evidence, however, has remained elusive. Here, we report direct observations for the self-reformation process of a collisionless, high Mach number, quasi-perpendicular shock using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) measurements. We find that reflected ions by the old shock ramp form a clear phase-space vortex, which gives rise to a new ramp. The new ramp observed by MMS2 has not yet developed to a mature stage during the self-reformation, and is not strong enough to reflect incident ions. Consequently, these ions are only slightly slowed down and show a flat velocity profile from the new ramp all the way to the old one. The present results provide direct evidence of shock self-reformation, and also shed light on energy dissipation and energetic particle acceleration at collisionless shocks throughout the universe.
Research gaps and trends in the Arctic tundra: a topic-modelling approach
Authors: Ancin-Murguzur Francisco , Hausner Vera
Published: September 2020

Climate change is affecting the biodiversity, ecosystem services and the well-being of people that live in the Arctic tundra. Understanding the societal implications and adapting to these changes depend on knowledge produced by multiple disciplines. We analysed peer-reviewed publications to identify the main research themes relating to the Arctic tundra and assessed to what extent current research build on multiple disciplines to confront the upcoming challenges of rapid environmental changes. We used a topic-modelling approach, based on the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm to detect topics based on semantic similarity. We found that plant and soil ecology dominate the tundra research and are highly connected to other ecological disciplines and biophysical sciences. Despite the fivefold increase in the number of publications during the past decades, the proportion of studies that address societal implications of climate change remains low. The strong scientific interest in the tundra reflects the concern of the rapid warming of the Arctic, but few studies include the cross-disciplinary approach necessary to fully assess the implications of these changes for society.
Les inégalités d’accès au marché du travail au Cameroun : le rôle de l’école
Authors: Mbenga Bindop Kunz Modeste
Published: September 2020

L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser le rôle de l’école dans les inégalités d’accès au marché du travail camerounais. Les inégalités sont captées par l’influence du statut des parents dans l’accès aux différents secteurs du marché du travail. Les données utilisées proviennent des Enquêtes sur l’Emploi et le Secteur Informel (EESI 1 et 2) réalisées en 2005 et 2010. L’estimation des modèles d’équations structurelles et des modèles log-linéaires montre que, dans l’ensemble, l’école contribue à réduire les inégalités. Toutefois, entre 2005 et 2010, ce rôle de l’école a diminué. Dans le secteur le plus sollicité, notamment le secteur public, l’école peine à réduire les inégalités d’accès, car l’influence des parents augmente avec le temps et le niveau d’instruction. À l’attention des décideurs publics, nous suggérons d’élaborer des politiques qui visent à réduire l’influence croissante des parents dans ce secteur. Codes JEL : J62, D63.
Two constructions of low-hit-zone frequency-hopping sequence sets
Authors: Yin Wenjuan , Xiang Can , Fu Fang-Wei
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we present two constructions of low-hit-zone frequen-cy-hopping sequence (LHZ FHS) sets. The constructions in this paper generalize the previous constructions based on \begin{document}$ m $\end{document}-sequences and \begin{document}$ d $\end{document}-form functions with difference-balanced property, and generate several classes of optimal LHZ FHS sets and LHZ FHS sets with optimal periodic partial Hamming correlation (PPHC).
Integrating 21st Century Skills in Higher Education Engineering Curricula
Authors: Schefer-Wenzl Sigrid , Miladinovic Igor
Published: September 2020

Engineering studies are often too focused on the development of engineering skills. This results in graduates with deficits in 21st century skills, such as complex problem solving, teamwork, or communication skills. To address this issue, sophisticated concepts need to be introduced in order to attractively include 21st century skills into engineering curricula. This paper presents related concepts, which we have applied in the engineering degree programs, and discusses their benefits and drawbacks according to our experiences. We also provide recommendations about integrating 21st century skills courses into engineering curricula.
Crisis Resource Management in Aviation and Healthcare
Authors: Salvetti Fernando , Gardner Roxane , Minehart Rebecca , Galli Cristiano , Bertagni Barbara
Published: September 2020

Modern aviation crisis resource management focuses on specific skills and competencies areas: communication, situational awareness, decision making, problem solving, teamwork and leadership. Effective teamwork during a crisis is also a core element of expert practice in healthcare, wherein professionals are challenged to recognize a situation that requires rapid intervention, communication, knowledge sharing, decision-making and management of unforeseen events—all the while also taking into consideration critical contextual factors such as a lack of time, scarcity of resources and tools, and a multitude of impactful factors. Simulation contributes enormously to enhancing teamwork during a crisis, as well as fostering situational awareness, contextual intelligence, and cognitive retention of essential steps and procedures to be performed during crisis. e-REAL®, which is a setting simulation based on mixed—or hybrid—reality, yields better results for enhancing teamwork compared with those reached within the other settings available today, such as CAVE-like environments and highly realistic simulation labs, virtual reality head-mounted displays, or computer based e-learning environments.
M-Learning: Focus on Digital Fluency
Authors: Behar Patricia Alejandra , Grande Tássia Priscila Fagundes , Sonego Anna Helena Silveira , Loss Sibele Pedroso
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo trata da criação de uma arquitetura pedagógica (PA) para auxiliar professores e alunos no desenvolvimento da fluência digital por meio da aprendizagem móvel. Para isso, optamos por uma abordagem qualitativa de estudo de caso, em uma disciplina de educação a distância para estudantes de diferentes cursos de graduação de uma universidade do sul do Brasil. Como ações finais, constatamos que a aplicação do AF criado pode auxiliar no planejamento e desenvolvimento de atividades que promovam a fluência digital por meio do m-learning, ampliando as possibilidades dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos na modalidade a distância.
A Scalable Code Similarity Detection with Online Architecture and Focused Comparison for Maintaining Academic Integrity in Programming
Authors: Franclinton Ricardo , Karnalim Oscar , Ayub Mewati
Published: September 2020

Many code similarity detection techniques have been developed to maintain academic integrity in programming. However, most of them assume that the student programs are locally available, and the computation can be run on any computer specification. Further, their comparison in raising suspicion is time-consuming as the student programs are pairwise compared to one another. This paper proposes a scalable code similarity detection with online architecture and focused comparison. The former enables student programs shared among lecturers and guarantees that the computation is runnable. The latter shortens the execution time as only some students are considered, with inclusion criteria determined by the lecturers. To boost up the scalability, the similarity algorithm is cosine correlation, which computation is linear time. Our evaluation shows that focused comparison leads to fewer comparisons and cosine correlation leads to shorter execution time.
Thermal Variations in Osteoporosis After Aclasta® Administration: Case Study
Authors: Strasse Wally auf der , Campos Daniel Prado , Mendonça Celso Júnio Aguiar , Mendes Joaquim , Soni Jamil Faissal , Nohama Percy
Published: September 2020

Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease characterized by an imbalance between bone formation and resorption, that results in an increasing risk of fracture. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the thermal pattern of a 50-year-old female patient after intravenous infusion of zaledronic acid Aclasta® in the treatment of osteoporosis. Thermal images were acquired in orthostatic position of the dorsal region between the lumbar and sacral portions using a FLIR® T530 camera with a thermal sensitivity (NETD) < 30 mK and the sensor array size of 320 x 240 pixels, with an accuracy of ±2% of the reading. The image analysis was performed using the Flir Tools® 6.4 software in order to identify the minimum, average and maximum temperature values in the region of interest; and MATLAB® 2017a software to extract histograms from images. The results present a good agreement between the temperature measurements and the painful symptomatology of the sacroiliac region of the vertebral column affected by the disease. Thermography might be a promising method for monitoring bone healing process.
Vidas e (re)existências no território quilombola da Costa da Lagoa
Authors: Koch Eleandra Raquel da Silva , Santos Vanessa Flores dos
Published: September 2020

Este artigo analisa processos de luta por (re)existência em um território quilombola que se fundou às margens da Lagoa Capivari. Através de práticas de conhecimentos locais que remetem a importantes ciclos de vida da coletividade negra, como os batismos “em casa” e as festas de Nossa Senhora de Navegantes, evidenciam-se potentes relações que os quilombolas da Costa da Lagoa mobilizam com as águas e demais seres não-humanos, com os quais partilham de seu território ancestral. O trabalho etnográfico que nos oportunizou conhecer o quilombo da Costa da Lagoa e aprender sobre as dinâmicas abordadas neste trabalho foi elaborado no bojo do processo administrativo de regularização fundiária do território quilombola referido. Assim, os condicionantes de produção da pesquisa sob tal modalidade compõem a reflexão proposta. Observa-se, assim, que na força das águas e dos saberes passados pelos mais antigos, o grupo, em aliança com os não-humanos, vem fazendo frente a projetos e seus aparatos sociotécnicos manejados no intento de transformar o território ancestral em um lugar funcional ao “desenvolvimento” e ao lucro.
Fault Severity Sensing for Intelligent Remote Diagnosis in Electrical Induction Machines
Authors: Chakkor Saad , Baghouri Mostafa , Hajraoui Abderrahmane
Published: September 2020

Electrical induction machines are widely used in the modern wind power production. As their repair cost is important and since their down-time leads to significant income loss, increasing their reliability and optimizing their proactive maintenance process are critical tasks. Many diagnosis systems have been proposed to resolve this issue. However, these systems are failing to recognize accurately the type and the severity level of detected faults in real time. In this chapter, a remote automated control approach applied for electrical induction machines has been suggested as an appropriate solution. It combines developed Fast-ESPRIT method, fault classification algorithm, and fuzzy inference system interconnected with vibration sensors, which are located on various wind turbine components. Furthermore, a new fault severity indicator has been formulated and evaluated to avoid false alarms. Study findings with computer simulation in Matlab prove the satisfactory robustness and performance of the proposed technique in fault classification and diagnosis.
Greening the Compensation Design and Management of the Human Resource Function
Authors: Fapohunda Tinuke
Published: September 2020

There is a rising necessity for the incorporation of environmental management into human resource management (HRM) practices. This attempt is recognized as the Green HRM initiative. An organization's human resource function can be powerful in aiding an all-inclusive approach to building a culture of sustainability. The strategy entails executing transformations to the diverse functions of HR like determining employee compensation. Gaps continue to exist in the literature on the green aspects of compensation and reward systems. This chapter considers the environmental management features of the compensation and reward system and factors a mould of the procedures entailed in green compensation and reward system. it cores on examining green reward management systems practices from the standpoint of subsisting research in the area and proposes inventive process moulds in green reward management systems. The green reward management system is presented as a smart and superior method of reward management systems.
Utilizing Books in Play Therapy Supervision
Authors: Schoonover Timothy , Perryman Kristi
Published: September 2020

Counseling and play therapy supervision have similarities and differences, but both have a goal of helping supervisees develop into ethical and effective counselors. Counselors adhere to a supervision model as a guide in this process. Play therapy is a specialty area with a specific scope of practice and thus requires additional counseling knowledge. Play therapists are trained in the use of expressive arts, bibliotherapy, and other creative techniques for use in therapy. These same techniques can be beneficial in supervision. Using creative approaches in counseling supervision is catalytic for inspiring supervisees to include creative methods in their own work with clients. Books have frequently been used with clients to reach their mental health goals and incorporated into counseling supervision. This chapter will discuss the use of books in therapy, supervision, and provide case studies on its implementation.
A Text Mining Analysis of Faculty Reflective Narratives on Their Participation in the TeachTech Program at The University of Texas at El Paso
Authors: Yang Kenneth C. C. , Kang Yowei
Published: September 2020

The University of Texas at El Paso has launched the TeachTech Program to help its instructors to learn and implement the applications of new instructional technologies in the university classrooms. The objectives of this chapter are to examine what faculty members have experienced after taking part in the TeachTech Program. This study employed an online interview method to solicit past and present TeachTech Program participants (N=17) to share their experiences. Participants responded to a questionnaire hosted at QuestionPro. Faculty recurrent keywords and key phrases were collected from participants' experiential narratives. Using the key phrase extraction functions from QDA Miner and WordStat has found the following phrases related to their experiences: “incorporate technology,” “collaborate sessions,” “hybrid version,” “desire to learn,” and “solve problems.” Implications and discussions were provided.
Conceptual Review on Apparel Disposal Behaviour of Consumers
Authors: Nanayakkara N.W.O.K.D.S.P
Published: September 2020

Conserving resources for future generations through sustainable consumption presents both a unique challenge and an opportunity for individuals in contemporary society. Sustainable consumption which is becoming a growing trend in the society advocates encourage individuals in affluent, developed countries to shift toward consumption that is more socially and ecologically sustainable. These advocates suggest educating consumers on environmental, social, and economic preservation as a means to influence consumption behaviors. As a subsection of general consumption, sustainable consumption also includes acquisition, use, and disposal behaviors. Investigation into disposal is necessary because it provides additional insight into the behaviors of consumers. The study of disposal is of particular importance in the context of apparel because the very nature of the product differs from typical durable and non-durable goods. In apparel consumption, the term disposal refers to whether a garment is simply thrown away, resold, reused, or recycled. Alongside, this study attempts to identify the different types of consumer apparel disposal behaviors and the underlying factors that affect clothing disposal behaviors. Paper followed an extensive literature review to build a discussion on theoretical and empirical contents related to consumer apparel disposal behaviors. Paper attempts to appreciate the application of different types of disposal behaviors with particular reasons. The literature review was executed addressing to key sub contents related to apparel disposal behaviors. It reviewed journal articles as the main source of information to organize the contents with empirical justifications. Finally, paper discusses the concepts of environmental knowledge, motivation, subjective norms in apparel disposal and how these factors affect different types of disposal behavior.
A Critical Role for the CXCL3/CXCL5/CXCR2 Neutrophilic Chemotactic Axis in the Regulation of Type 2 Responses in a Model of Rhinoviral-Induced Asthma Exacerbation
Authors: Sokulsky Leon A. , Garcia-Netto Keilah , Nguyen Thi Hiep , Girkin Jason L. N. , Collison Adam , Mattes Joerg , Kaiko Gerard , Liu Chi , Bartlett Nathan W. , Yang Ming , Foster Paul S.
Published: September 2020

Rhinovirus (RV) infections in asthmatic patients are often associated with asthma exacerbation, characterized by worsened airways hyperreactivity and increased immune cell infiltration to the airways. The C-X-C chemokines, CXCL3 and CXCL5, regulate neutrophil trafficking to the lung via CXCR2, and their expression in the asthmatic lung is associated with steroid-insensitive type 2 inflammatory signatures. Currently, the role of CXCL3 and CXCL5 in regulating neutrophilic and type 2 responses in viral-induced asthma exacerbation is unknown. Inhibition of CXCL3 or CXCL5 with silencing RNAs in a mouse model of RV-induced exacerbation of asthma attenuated the accumulation of CXCR2+ neutrophils, eosinophils, and innate lymphoid cells in the lung and decreased production of type 2 regulatory factors IL-25, IL-33, IL-5, IL-13, CCL11, and CCL24. Suppression of inflammation was associated with decreased airways hyperreactivity, mucus hypersecretion, and collagen deposition. Similar results were obtained by employing RC-3095, which has been shown to bind to CXCR2, or by depletion of neutrophils. Our data demonstrate that CXCL3 and CXCL5 may be critical in the perpetuation of RV-induced exacerbation of asthma through the recruitment of CXCR2-positive neutrophils and by promoting type 2 inflammation. Targeting the CXCL3/CXCL5/CXCR2 axis may provide a new therapeutic approach to attenuating RV-induced exacerbations of asthma.
The predictive value of fruit juice in the esophagus-pleural fistula
Authors: Brugioni Lucio , De Niederhausern Francesca , Romagnoli Elisa , Aramini Beatrice , Girardis Massimo , Bertani Angela , Fontana Francesco , Gramolini Manuel
Published: September 2020

Esophageal-pleural fistula is a rare and challenging condition to diagnose and requires strong clinical suspicion in order to be recognized promptly. Chest computed tomography (CT) with contrast medium for oral contrast medium (OS) is the gold standard for diagnosis. The definitive therapy is purely surgical, except for a few selected cases that benefit from endoscopic therapy. Our case involves a 45-year-old woman who came to the Emergency Department with dyspnea and thoracalgia. Chest X-ray and high-resolution CT showed empyema and pleural effusion to the left hemithorax. The lack of improvement despite the therapy and a subsequent clinical finding gave rise to the suspicion of esophageal-pleural fistula, confirmed with CT with contrast medium for OS. In this case, we opted for endoscopy correction of the esophageal defects. The diagnostic delay and the pre-existing comorbidities (previous kidney transplant for chronic kidney disease from lupus nephritis, high blood pressure, familiarity with Ischemic cardiomyopathy) could justify the inauspicious course of our case.
No harm from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor inhibitors in patients with COVID-19. Results of a prospective study on a hospital-based cohort
Authors: Anzola Gian Paolo , Bartolaminelli Clara , Gregorini Gina Alessandra , Coazzoli Chiara , Gatti Francesca , Mora Alessandra , Charalampakis Dimitrios , Palmigiano Andrea , De Simone Michele , Comini Alice , Dellaglio Erica , Cassetti Salvatore , Chiesa Maurizio , Spedini Francesca , D'Ottavi Patrizia , Savio Maria Cristina
Published: September 2020

This study aims to assess the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor inhibitors (ARBs) on the course of COVID-19. It is a prospective study on 221 (M/F ratio= 143/78, mean age 72±13) consecutive hypertensive patients with COVID-19: 76 (34.4%) treated with ACEIs, 63 (28.5%) with ARBs and 82 (37.1%) with antihypertensives OTHER than ACEIs or ARBs. They were all followed up until discharge or death. BAD outcome was defined as the need for invasive mechanical ventilation or death. The three classes of medication were well balanced for confounding variables. BAD outcome was overall recorded in 63/221 (28%) patients, in 20/76 (26%) of ACEI, in 17/63 (27%) of ARB and in 26/82 (32%) of OTHER users, with no statistically significant difference in any comparison. These findings refute the hypothesis that treatment with ACEIs or ARBs may negatively affect the course of COVID-19.
Fatigue-Induced Hip-Abductor Weakness and Changes in Biomechanical Risk Factors for Running-Related Injuries
Authors: Radzak Kara N. , Stickley Christopher D.
Published: September 2020

Context

Despite overlap between hip-abductor (HABD) weakness and fatigue-induced changes in running, the interaction of these theorized contributors to running injuries has been underevaluated.

Objective

To assess the effects of a fatiguing run on HABD torque and evaluate the correlation between HABD torque and previously identified running-related injury pathomechanics while participants were rested or fatigued.

Design

Crossover study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 38 healthy, physically active males (age = 21.61 ± 4.02 years, height = 1.78 ± 0.08 m, body mass = 76.00 ± 12.39 kg).

Intervention(s)

Data collection consisted of rested-state collection, a fatiguing treadmill-run protocol, and fatigued-state collection. For the HABD measures, side-lying handheld-dynamometer isometric tests were performed and converted to torque using femur length. For the gait analysis, kinematic (240 Hz) and kinetic (960 Hz) running (4.0 m/s) data were collected for 3 trials. The fatigue protocol involved a graded exercise test and 80% o2max run to exhaustion. Immediately after the run, fatigued-state measures were obtained.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Variables of interest were HABD torque and peak angles, velocities, and moments for hip and knee adduction and internal rotation. Differences between conditions were compared using paired t tests. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate relationships between HABD torque and biomechanical variables.

Results

Fatigue decreased HABD torque and increased hip-adduction angle, knee-adduction velocity, and hip and knee internal-rotation velocities and moments (all P values < .05). In the rested state, HABD torque was correlated with hip-adduction velocity (r = –0.322, P = .049). In the fatigued state, HABD torque was correlated with hip-adduction velocity (r = –0.393, P = .015), hip internal-rotation velocity (r = –0.410, P = .01), and knee-adduction angle (r = 0.385, P = .017) and velocity (r = −0.378, P = .019).

Conclusions

Changes in joint velocities due to fatigue and correlations between HABD torque and hip- and knee-joint velocities highlight the need to consider not only the quantity of HABD strength but also the rate of eccentric control of HABDs.
Совокупность асимптотически независимых статистик в полиномиальной схеме, содержащая статистику Пирсона
Authors: Savelov M P
Published: September 2020

Рассмотрим полиномиальную схему с $N$ исходами. Классической статистикой для проверки гипотезы о том, что вероятности исходов задаются числами $p_1, \ldots, p_N$, является статистика критерия хи-квадрат. Предлагается набор из $N-2$ статистик, которые вместе со статистикой Пирсона образуют $N-1$ случайных величин, асимптотически независимых в совокупности, найдены их предельные распределения. Статистика Пирсона - это квадрат длины некоторого асимптотически нормального случайного вектора. Предложенные статистики являются координатами этого вектора в некоторой вспомогательной сферической системе координат.
Дисперсия числа циклов случайной $A$-подстановки
Authors: Yakymiv Arsen Lubomirovich
Published: September 2020

Рассматривается случайная подстановка $\tau_n$, имеющая равномерное распределение на множестве всех подстановок степени $n$, длины циклов которых принадлежат фиксированному множеству $A$ (так называемых $A$-подстановок). Найдена асимптотика дисперсии числа еe циклов при $n\to\infty$ для некоторого класса множеств $A$.
Асимптотика локальных вероятностей нижних уклонений ветвящегося процесса в случайной среде при геометрических распределениях чисел потомков
Authors: Denisov Konstantin Yurievich
Published: September 2020

Рассматриваются вероятности нижних уклонений ветвящегося процесса $Z_{n} = X_{n, 1} + \dotsb + X_{n, Z_{n-1}}$ в случайной среде $\eta$, представляющей собой последовательность независимых одинаково распределенных величин. В предположении, что случайные величины $X_{i,j}$ при фиксации среды имеют геометрические распределения, а приращения $\xi_i$ сопровождающего случайного блуждания имеют среднее $\mu > 0$ и удовлетворяют левостороннему условию Крамера ${\mathbf E}\exp(h\xi_i) < \infty$ при $h^{-}<h<0$, где $h^{-} < -1$, найдена асимптотика локальных вероятностей ${\mathbf P}( Z_n = \lfloor\exp(\theta n)\rfloor )$ при $\theta \in [\theta_1,\theta_2] \subset (\mu^-;\mu)$ для некоторого неотрицательного $\mu^-$.
Дифференциальное включение в банаховом пространстве со смешанными свойствами полунепрерывности
Authors: Tolstonogov Alexander Alexandrovich
Published: September 2020

В сепарабельном банаховом пространстве рассматривается дифференциальное включение, правая часть которого является суммой двух многозначных отображений. Значениями первого являются замкнутые ограниченные не обязательно выпуклые множества, и оно является липшицевым по фазовой переменной. Значениями второго отображения являются замкнутые множества, и оно обладает смешанными условиями полунепрерывности: либо в фазовой точке отображение имеет замкнутый график и его значением является выпуклое множество, либо в некоторой окрестности этой точки оно является полунепрерывным снизу. При дополнительных предположениях, связанных с измеримостью и условиями роста, доказана теорема существования решения.
Об алгебро-геометрических методах построения подмногообразий с плоской нормальной связностью и голономной сетью линий кривизны
Authors: Glukhov Evgeniy Vladimirovich , Mokhov Oleg Ivanovich
Published: September 2020

В данной статье предложено обобщение алгебро-геометрической конструкции Кричевера построения ортогональных систем координат в плоском пространстве. В теории интегрируемых систем гидродинамического типа фундаментальную роль играют также ортогональные координаты в некоторых специальных неплоских пространствах. Важнейший класс таких пространств задается метриками подмногообразий в плоском пространстве с плоской нормальной связностью и голономной сетью линий кривизны, определяющей ортогональные координаты на подмногообразии. Предложена конструкция построения таких подмногообразий по алгебро-геометрическим данным. Приведены явные примеры.
Усреднение эллиптического оператора четвертого порядка с периодическими коэффициентами при учете корректоров
Authors: Sloushch Vladimir Anatolevich , Suslina Tatiana Aleksandrovna
Published: September 2020

В $L_2(\mathbb{R}^d;\mathbb{C}^n)$ изучается эллиптический дифференциальный оператор $A_\varepsilon$ четвертого порядка. Здесь $\varepsilon >0$ - малый параметр. Предполагается, что оператор задан в факторизованном виде $A_\varepsilon = b(\mathbf{D})^* g(\mathbf{x}/\varepsilon)b(\mathbf{D})$, где эрмитова матрица-функция $g(\mathbf{x})$ периодична относительно некоторой решетки, а $b(\mathbf{D})$ - матричный дифференциальный оператор второго порядка. Делаются предположения, обеспечивающие сильную эллиптичность оператора $A_\varepsilon$. Получена аппроксимация резольвенты $(A_\varepsilon + I)^{-1}$ по операторной норме в $L_2(\mathbb{R}^d;\mathbb{C}^n)$ вида
$$
(A_{\varepsilon}+I)^{-1}=(A^{0}+I)^{-1}+\varepsilon K_{1}+\varepsilon^{2} K_{2}(\varepsilon)+O(\varepsilon^{3}).
$$
Здесь $A^0$ - эффективный оператор с постоянными коэффициентами, а $K_{1}$ и $K_{2}(\varepsilon)$ - некоторые корректоры.
Общие ортонормированные системы и абсолютная сходимость
Authors: Tsagareishvili Vakhtang Shalvovich
Published: September 2020

В работе рассмотрены вопросы абсолютной сходимости рядов Фурье дифференцируемых функций относительно общих ортонормированных систем (ОНС). Получены результаты, которые указывают, что если функции ОНС удовлетворяют некоторым условиям, то ряд Фурье любой функции из заданного дифференциального класса сходится абсолютно. Здесь же отмечается, что полученные результаты не могут быть усилены.
Библиография: 9 наименований.
Доказательство гипотезы Гротендика-Серра о главных расслоениях над регулярным локальным кольцом, содержащим поле
Authors: Panin Ivan Alexandrovich
Published: September 2020

Пусть $R$ - локальное регулярное кольцо, содержащее поле. Пусть $\mathbf{G}$ - редуктивная групповая схема над $R$. Мы доказываем, что главное $\mathbf{G}$-расслоение над $R$ тривиально, если оно тривиально над полем частных кольца $R$. Другими словами, если $K$ - это поле частных кольца $R$, то отображение пунктированных множеств
$$
H^1_{\mathrm{et}}(R,\mathbf{G})\to H^1_{\mathrm{et}}(K,\mathbf{G}),
$$
индуцированное включением $R$ в $K$, имеет тривиальное ядро. Для регулярных локальных колец $R$, содержащих бесконечное поле, этот результат доказан в [1].
Библиография: 17 наименований.
О предельном переходе при построении геометрических решений
задачи Римана
Authors: Palin Vladimir Vladimirovich
Published: September 2020

Описывается метод построения геометрического решения задачи Римана
для импульсно возмущенного закона сохранения.
Приводится полная классификация возможных картин фазового потока
и строится предел по Хаусдорфу для каждого из возможных случаев.
Библиография: 8 названий.
О нормальности $\mathfrak F^{\omega}$-абнормальных
максимальных подгрупп конечных групп
Authors: Sorokina Marina Mikhailovna , Maksakov S. P.
Published: September 2020

В работе введено в рассмотрение понятие
$\mathfrak F^{\omega}$-абнормальной
($\mathfrak F^{\omega}$-нормальной) максимальной подгруппы
конечной группы, где $\mathfrak F$ -
непустой класс групп, $\omega$ - непустое множество простых чисел.
Исследуется взаимосвязь
между $\mathfrak F^{\omega}$-абнормальными максимальными и
нормальными подгруппами. Установлены условия,
при которых $\mathfrak F^{\omega}$-абнормальные
максимальные подгруппы в конечной группе являются нормальными.
Библиография: 23 названия.
Минимальные контактные схемы для симметрических пороговых функций
Authors: Red'kin Nikolay Petrovich
Published: September 2020

Для монотонных симметрических пороговых булевых функций
$$
f^n_2(\widetilde x\mspace{2mu})=\bigvee_{1\le i<j\le n}x_ix_j,\qquad
n=2,3,…,
$$
установлено, что минимальная контактная
схема, реализующая $f^n_2(\widetilde x)$, содержит $3n-4$
контактов.
Библиография: 18 названий.
Характеризация множеств с непрерывной метрической проекцией
в пространстве $\ell^\infty_n$
Authors: Alimov Alexey Rostislavovich
Published: September 2020

Дается характеризация подмножеств пространства $\ell^\infty_n$
с непрерывной (полунепрерывной снизу) метрической проекцией.
Одним из характеризационных свойств является
требование строгой солнечности как самого множества,
так и его непустого пересечения
с любой координатной опорной гиперплоскостью.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Уравнение Лиувилля как гамильтонова система
Authors: Kozlov Valery Vasil'evich
Published: September 2020

Рассматриваются гладкие динамические системы
на замкнутых многообразиях с инвариантной мерой.
Эволюция плотности нестационарной инвариантной меры описывается
известным уравнением Лиувилля. Для эргодических динамических систем
уравнение Лиувилля представлено в гамильтоновом виде.
Указан бесконечный набор квадратичных инвариантов,
которые находятся попарно в инволюции относительно скобки Пуассона,
порожденной указанной гамильтоновой структурой.
Библиография: 11 названий.