bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of RTN3 Deficiency on Expression of BACE1 and Amyloid Deposition
Authors: Shi Qi , Ge Yingying , Sharoar Md. Golam , He Wanxia , Xiang Rong , Zhang Zhuohua , Hu Xiangyou , Yan Riqiang
Published: October 2014

Reticulon 3 (RTN3) has previously been shown to interact with BACE1 and negatively regulate BACE1 activity. To what extent RTN3 deficiency affects BACE1 activity is an intriguing question. In this study, we aimed to address this by generating RTN3-null mice. Mice with complete deficiency of RTN3 grow normally and have no obviously discernible phenotypes. Morphological analyses of RTN3-null mice showed no significant alterations in cellular structure, although RTN3 is recognized as a protein contributing to the shaping of tubular endoplasmic reticulum. Biochemical analysis revealed that RTN3 deficiency increased protein levels of BACE1. This elevation of BACE1 levels correlated with enhanced processing of amyloid precursor protein at the β-secretase site. We also demonstrated that RTN3 deficiency in Alzheimer's mouse models facilitates amyloid deposition, further supporting anin vivorole of RTN3 in the regulation of BACE1 activity. Since it has been shown that RTN3 monomer is reduced in brains of Alzheimer's patients, our results suggest that long-lasting reduction of RTN3 levels has adverse effects on BACE1 activity and may contribute to Alzheimer's pathogenesis.
The Rac1 Inhibitor NSC23766 Suppresses CREB Signaling by Targeting NMDA Receptor Function
Authors: Hou Hailong , Chávez Andrés E. , Wang Chih-Chieh , Yang Hongtian , Gu Hua , Siddoway Benjamin A. , Hall Benjamin J. , Castillo Pablo E. , Xia Houhui
Published: October 2014

NMDA receptor signaling plays a complex role in CREB activation and CREB-mediated gene transcription, depending on the subcellular location of NMDA receptors, as well as how strongly they are activated. However, it is not known whether Rac1, the prototype of Rac GTPase, plays a role in neuronal CREB activation induced by NMDA receptor signaling. Here, we report that NSC23766, a widely used specific Rac1 inhibitor, inhibits basal CREB phosphorylation at S133 (pCREB) and antagonizes changes in pCREB levels induced by NMDA bath application in rat cortical neurons. Unexpectedly, we found that NSC23766 affects the levels of neuronal pCREB in a Rac1-independent manner. Instead, our results indicate that NSC23766 can directly regulate NMDA receptors as indicated by their strong effects on both exogenous and synaptically evoked NMDA receptor-mediated currents in mouse and rat neurons, respectively. Our findings strongly suggest that Rac1 does not affect pCREB signaling in cortical neurons and reveal that NSC23766 could be a novel NMDA receptor antagonist.
Numb Regulates the Polarized Delivery of Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Ion Channels in Rod Photoreceptor Cilia
Authors: Ramamurthy Vasanth , Jolicoeur Christine , Koutroumbas Demetra , Mühlhans Johanna , Le Yun-Zheng , Hauswirth William W. , Giessl Andreas , Cayouette Michel
Published: October 2014

The development and maintenance of protein compartmentalization is essential for neuronal function. A striking example is observed in light-sensing photoreceptors, in which the apical sensory cilium is subdivided into an inner and outer segment, each containing specific proteins essential for vision. It remains unclear, however, how such polarized protein localization is regulated. We report here that the endocytic adaptor protein Numb localizes to the inner, but not the outer segment of mouse photoreceptor cilia. Rod photoreceptor-specific inactivation ofnumb in vivoleads to progressive photoreceptor degeneration, indicating an essential role for Numb in photoreceptor cell biology. Interestingly, we report that loss of Numb in photoreceptors does not affect the localization of outer segment disk membrane proteins, such as rhodopsin, Peripherin-rds, Rom-1, and Abca4, but significantly disrupts the localization of the rod cyclic nucleotide-gated (Cng) channels, which accumulates on the inner segment plasma membrane in addition to its normal localization to the outer segments. Mechanistically, we show that Numb interacts with both subunits of the Cng channel and promotes the trafficking of Cnga1 to the recycling endosome. These results suggest a model in which Numb prevents targeting of Cng channels to the inner segment, by promoting their trafficking through the recycling endosome, where they can be sorted for specific delivery to the outer segment. This study uncovers a novel mechanism regulating polarized protein delivery in light-sensing cilia, raising the possibility that Numb plays a part in the regulation of protein trafficking in other types of cilia.
Characterization of Ectopic Colonies That Form in Widespread Areas of the Nervous System with Neural Stem Cell Transplants into the Site of a Severe Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Steward Oswald , Sharp Kelli G. , Yee Kelly Matsudaira , Hatch Maya N. , Bonner Joseph F.
Published: October 2014

We reported previously the formation of ectopic colonies in widespread areas of the nervous system after transplantation of fetal neural stem cells (NSCs) into spinal cord transection sites. Here, we characterize the incidence, distribution, and cellular composition of the colonies. NSCs harvested from E14 spinal cords from rats that express GFP were treated with a growth factor cocktail and grafted into the site of a complete spinal cord transection. Two months after transplant, spinal cord and brain tissue were analyzed histologically. Ectopic colonies were found at long distances from the transplant in the central canal of the spinal cord, the surface of the brainstem and spinal cord, and in the fourth ventricle. Colonies were present in 50% of the rats, and most rats had multiple colonies. Axons extended from the colonies into the host CNS. Colonies were strongly positive for nestin, a marker for neural precursors, and contained NeuN-positive cells with processes resembling dendrites, GFAP-positive astrocytes, APC/CC1-positive oligodendrocytes, and Ki-67-positive cells, indicating ongoing proliferation. Stereological analyses revealed an estimated 21,818 cells in a colony in the fourth ventricle, of which 1005 (5%) were Ki-67 positive. Immunostaining for synaptic markers (synaptophysin and VGluT-1) revealed large numbers of synaptophysin-positive puncta within the colonies but fewer VGluT-1 puncta. Continuing expansion of NSC-derived cell masses in confined spaces in the spinal cord and brain could produce symptoms attributable to compression of nearby tissue. It remains to be determined whether other cell types with self-renewing potential can also form colonies.
Manipulating a “Cocaine Engram” in Mice
Authors: Hsiang Hwa-Lin (Liz) , Epp Jonathan R. , van den Oever Michel C. , Yan Chen , Rashid Asim J. , Insel Nathan , Ye Li , Niibori Yosuke , Deisseroth Karl , Frankland Paul W. , Josselyn Sheena A.
Published: October 2014

Experience with drugs of abuse (such as cocaine) produces powerful, long-lasting memories that may be important in the development and persistence of drug addiction. The neural mechanisms that mediate how and where these cocaine memories are encoded, consolidated and stored are unknown. Here we used conditioned place preference in mice to examine the precise neural circuits that support the memory of a cocaine-cue association (the “cocaine memory trace” or “cocaine engram”). We found that a small population of neurons (∼10%) in the lateral nucleus of amygdala (LA) were recruited at the time of cocaine-conditioning to become part of this cocaine engram. Neurons with increased levels of the transcription factor CREB were preferentially recruited or allocated to the cocaine engram. Ablating or silencing neurons overexpressing CREB (but not a similar number of random LA neurons) before testing disrupted the expression of a previously acquired cocaine memory, suggesting that neurons overexpressing CREB become a critical hub in what is likely a larger cocaine memory engram. Consistent with theories that coordinated postencoding reactivation of neurons within an engram or cell assembly is crucial for memory consolidation (Marr, 1971; Buzsáki, 1989; Wilson and McNaughton, 1994; McClelland et al., 1995; Girardeau et al., 2009; Dupret et al., 2010; Carr et al., 2011), we also found that post-training suppression, or nondiscriminate activation, of CREB overexpressing neurons impaired consolidation of the cocaine memory. These findings reveal mechanisms underlying how and where drug memories are encoded and stored in the brain and may also inform the development of treatments for drug addiction.
China’s Influence on Asian States during the Creation of the U.N. Human Rights Council: 2005–2007
Authors: Foot Rosemary , Inboden Rana Siu
Published: October 2014

The negotiations to create the U.N. Human Rights Council provided the Chinese government with opportunities to influence the design of the new body. China was unable to gain the necessary support to restrict the introduction of country-specific resolutions, but it received much support elsewhere without needing to use either coercion or inducement.
The Organization of Hacienda Labor during the Mexican Revolution: Evidence from Yucatán
Authors: Mattiace Shannan , Nonnenmacher Tomas
Published: October 2014

Beginning in 1914, Yucatecan revolutionary governors promulgated a series of decrees that liberated and regulated labor on henequen haciendas. The first of these decrees banned debt peonage, immediately weakening the pre-revolutionary labor regime, which was based on a mixture of paternalism and coercion. Using census and hacienda data, we show how hacendados and workers adapted to institutional changes and market shocks, allowing output and investment to increase after the Revolution. While there was considerable continuity in the methods of contracting before and after the Revolution, market participants exhibited agility in shifting among multiple contractual forms.

Al comienzo de 1914, los gobernantes revolucionarios yucatecos promulgaron una serie de decretos que liberaban y regulaban la mano de obra en las haciendas de henequén. Los primeros de estos decretos prohibían la deuda de los peones, lo que debilitaba inmediatamente el régimen de trabajo prerevolucionario, basado en una mezcla de paternalismo y coerción. Mediante el uso de censos e información sobre las haciendas, mostramos cómo los hacendados y los trabajadores se adaptaron a los cambios institucionales y a los golpes del mercado, y cómo permitieron el incremento de la producción y la inversión tras la revolución. Aunque hubo una continuidad considerable en los métodos de contratación antes del movimiento armado, los participantes en el mercado mostraron agilidad para trasladarse entre múltiples formas contractuales.
Integración tecnológica y financiera de Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas: hacia una nueva política de industrialización en México
Authors: Neria Andrés Blancas , López-Gómez Carlos
Published: October 2014

Este documento analiza algunas de las principales brechas tecnológicas y de financiamiento de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PYMES) en México, y discute los retos que estas brechas implican para el diseño de una nueva política nacional de industrialización. Primero, se discute la importancia económica de las PYMES como principales generadoras de empleo en México, y del sector de la manufactura como el impulsor central de la productividad nacional y la innovación tecnológica. En cuanto a las brechas tecnológicas, se hace énfasis en la escasa participación de las PYMES en México en la producción de bienes de capital y la dependencia tecnológica que este hecho supone. Con respecto a las brechas financieras, se discute la situación de vulnerabilidad financiera de las PYMES, lo cual se manifiesta en una alta y creciente proporción de PYMES que no utilizan el crédito bancario en México (más de tres cuartos del total en los últimos años). Tomando en cuenta lo anterior, el artículo enfatiza la necesidad de incorporar, como parte de una nueva política industrial, medidas para fortalecer el ecosistema productivo-financiero nacional. Para ello, el artículo sostiene que es necesario caracterizar las PYMES no sólo en cuanto a la distribución sectorial sino también en cuanto a su posición en la cadena de valor productiva. Asimismo, el artículo plantea la necesidad de una estructura y funcionamiento alternativos de la banca de desarrollo, considerando la factibilidad de una política monetaria dual y de los llamados “Cajones especiales de crédito”.

This paper explores some of the main technological and financing gaps faced by SMEs in Mexico, and discusses the implications of such gaps for the design of a new industrial policy. The paper first discusses the economic importance of SMEs in Mexico as the main supporters of employment, and that of the manufacturing industry as the main driver of productivity growth and technological innovation. With regard to technological gaps, the paper emphasizes the scarce participation of Mexicans SMEs in the production of capital goods and the dependency on foreign suppliers that this implies. With regard to financing gaps, the paper presents evidence of the increasing proportion of SMEs that do not access bank loans (over three quarters of the total in recent years). Taking this into account, the paper argues for the need to incorporate, as part of a new industrial policy in Mexico, measures to strengthen the national productive-finance ecosystem. In order to do this, the paper argues for the need to characterize SMEs not only in terms of their sectoral distribution but also in terms of their position in the value chain. Furthermore, the paper argues for the need of an alternative structure and functioning of the country’s development banking system, considering the feasibility of a dual monetary policy and the selective credit mechanisms commonly referred to as “Cajones especiales de crédito”.
Should Unnecessary Harmful Nontherapeutic Cosmetic Surgery be Criminalized?
Authors: Baker Dennis J.
Published: October 2014

In this article, it is argued that an application of the harm principle to many forms of nontherapeutic cosmetic surgery shows that these procedures are a form of physical harm, not a form of medicine, and therefore ought to be criminalized. Not only does the harm principle support the case for criminalization, but so too do the relevant precedents. This article focuses on the general moral justifications (wrongful harm to others) for criminalizing unnecessary harmful cosmetic surgery, but legal doctrine is also invoked to demonstrate that there is a legal justification for criminalization. The famous English case of R. v. Brown will be discussed to outline the core legal case for criminalization. This article does not aim to provide a comparative study of the U.S. and English authorities, but rather aims to make theoretical arguments for criminalization, and thus, works from the legal premise that in most states the U.S. courts have taken a similar position to that taken in the seminal English House of Lords decision in R. v. Brown.
Actions of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 on the cellular cycle depend on VDR and p38 MAPK in skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Irazoqui Ana P , Boland Ricardo L , Buitrago Claudia G
Published: October 2014

Previously, we have reported that 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3(1,25D) activates p38 MAPK (p38) in a vitamin D receptor (VDR)-dependent manner in proliferative C2C12 myoblast cells. It was also demonstrated that 1,25D promotes muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. However, we did not study these hormone actions in depth. In this study we have investigated whether the VDR and p38 participate in the signaling mechanism triggered by 1,25D. In C2C12 cells, the VDR was knocked down by a shRNA, and p38 was specifically inhibited using SB-203580. Results from cell cycle studies indicated that hormone stimulation prompts a peak of S-phase followed by an arrest in the G0/G1-phase, events which were dependent on VDR and p38. Moreover, 1,25D increases the expression of cyclin D3 and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21Waf1/Cip1and p27Kip1, while cyclin D1 protein levels did not change during G0/G1 arrest. In all these events, p38 and VDR were required. At the same time, a 1,25D-dependent acute increase in myogenin expression was observed, indicating that the G0/G1 arrest of cells is a pro-differentiative event. Immunocytochemical assays revealed co-localization of VDR and cyclin D3, promoted by 1,25D in a p38-dependent manner. When cyclin D3 expression was silenced, VDR and myogenin levels were downregulated, indicating that cyclin D3 was required for 1,25D-induced VDR expression and the concomitant entrance into the differentiation process. In conclusion, the VDR and p38 are involved in control of the cellular cycle by 1,25D in skeletal muscle cells, providing key information on the mechanisms underlying hormone regulation of myogenesis.
Asesoramiento y mediación de conflictos en los procesos de mejora escolar
Authors: Mas Ruiz Carlos , Torrego Seijo Juan Carlos
Published: October 2014

El presente artículo concibe lamejora educativa como un proceso conflictivo y describe las relaciones del asesoramiento educativo en los procesos de mejora con la mediación en conflictos. SUrge entonces el papel del asesor como mediador, y destacan, por encima desus cualidades técnicas, aquellas otras más humanas, que le permiten ayudar al grupo que constituye el claustro a funcionar con eficacia y satisfacción, integrando todas las aportaciones y conjugando la mejora educativa con el desarrollo personal.http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/ie.24.1920
Percepción de los estudiantes para maestro sobre la violencia escolar: una puerta de acceso a la mediación de conflictos en infantil y primaria
Authors: Boqué Torremorell Maria Carme
Published: October 2014

En este estudio analizamos la violencia escolar y sus vías de solución desde el punto de vista de los futuros maestros. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio en que un grupo de 29 estudiantes del Grado en Educación Infantil de la Universitat Ramon Llull (Barcelona), tras visualizar la grabación de la paliza propinada recientemente por una alumna de un instituto a otra, manifiestan sus percepciones, experiencias y comprensión del conflicto respondiendo a un cuestionario de respuesta abierta. Los resultados indican que a pesar del rechazo mayoritario a la violencia, prevalece un modelo de paz por la fuerza en que la justicia retributiva ocupa un lugar preeminente. Además, la carencia de recursos para salir del conflicto desde cualquiera de los roles de participación directa (agresora, agredida, observadora) o indirecta (padres, profesores) analizados, mantiene abierto un espacio para el desarrollo de la mediación en tanto que vía preventiva y educativa de intervención frente al conflicto.http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/ie.24.1930
Mediación Escolar: presentación del tema
Authors: Mariño Castro Carlos
Published: October 2014

Después de una breve historia sobre el origen de la Mediación como técnica de resolución de conflictos se analiza su aplicación en España a los centros educativos como medio para la resolución de los problemas de relación entre los miembros de la comunidad educativa.A continuación se ofrece una breve reseña de los cinco artículos que conforman este bloque temático. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/ie.24.2121
Redes de centros para una convivencia positiva
Authors: Garcia Barreiro Javier , Sanz Lobo María Dolores , Cortés Ferro Begoña , Núñez Rodríguez Cipriano
Published: October 2014

Se describe el trabajo colaborativo que consigue fraguar un proyecto, gestado con esfuerzo e ilusión para organizar y celebrar el I y II Encuentro de Centros para una Convivencia Positiva. Dichos encuentros tienen como visión consolidar una red de apoyo y colaboración entre el profesorado, el alumnado y las familias de los 23 centros educativos participantes. Creamos un espacio para el intercambio de buenas prácticas de convivencia, así como para la formación conjunta en la gestión pacífica de los conflictos en los centros escolares y en la familia (especialmente en mediación escolar), la educación emocional y el fomento de la competencia social y ciudadana. http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/ie.24.2126
Inkjet Printing of Titanium Dioxide Photoanodes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey , Jiao Lihong (Heidi)
Published: October 2014

Inkjet printing of TiO2 potentially offers a high degree of control over the deposition of TiO2 suspensions. Previous use of inkjet printing for TiO2 depositions have focused on producing TiO2 films with uniform density. A multi-ink printing system offers the possibility of depositing TiO2 films with variable density using a single deposition method.

For this research, inkjet printing of TiO2 films with a graded density profile was explored as a means of improving dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) performance. Varying pore volume as a means to produce density variations in TiO2 layers was explored. To control the pore volume, several TiO2 suspensions were developed with different pore-forming additives. DSSCs with printed TiO2 films having three density layers showed an average improvement in the conversion efficiency of 127% versus those with a single layer and 45% versus those with dual- layer TiO2. Short-circuit current densities of cells with tri-layer films increased an average of 62% over those with a single layer and 17% over those with dual-layer TiO2. It was also shown that DSSCs with inkjet printed TiO2 layers performed better than those with spin-coated TiO2 layers.

The results effectively demonstrated the potential for using inkjet printing as a sole deposition method to produce TiO2 films with non-uniform density leading to improved DSSC performance. One possibility for further study is to create further layer variations through simultaneous printing of different suspensions.
A Frequency Agile Miniaturized Antenna Utilizing Ferroelectric Barium-Strontium-Titanate Capacitors
Authors: Alzahrani S. , Kalkur T.S , Song H.
Published: October 2014

A miniaturized frequency agile multi-band antenna based on BST varactors is presented. The radiation patterns and frequency responses of this antenna are characterized. The measured tunability was 2.1%, 9.1%, and 6.6% for the first, second, and third band respectively. The lowest resonant frequency corresponds to an antenna size of 0.076λg × 0.076λg. The size reduction of the antenna was achieved by employing the novel antenna structure and the thin film BST varactors. The measured -3 dB bandwidth was between 3.1% and 7.4% for all bands.
Characterization of Micro-Pore Structure in Novel Cement Matrices
Authors: Yoon Seyoon , Galan Isabel , Celik Kemal , Glasser Fredrik P. , Imbabi Mohammed S.
Published: October 2014

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements are being developed using a novel processing method having as its objective lowering specific CO2 emissions by ∼50% relative to a Portland cement benchmark. We need to be able to measure the properties of the products. Porosity and permeability measurements help define the engineering properties but their quantification is influenced by the choice of experimental protocols. In the present study we used ordinary Portland cement (PC) paste as a benchmark and hydrated ye’elimite, which is a main component of CSA cements, to understand its pore structure. We report on the use of synchrotron-sourced radiation for µCT (Computerized Tomography) and 3D image re-construction of the internal micro-pore structure of PC and ye’elimite-gypsum pastes. As a comparison, porosity and permeability measurements were traditionally obtained using Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP). The Mori-Tanaka method and the polynomial statistical model were used to analyze the effects of different 3-D micro-pore structures on mechanical properties. The results show that e micro-pore structures differ considerably between PC and ye’elimite pastes and their bulk modulus is significantly affected by the shapes of their micro-pore structures.
Aconselhamento em saúde: fatores terapêuticos em grupo de apoio psicológico para transtornos alimentares
Authors: Santos Manoel Antônio dos , Scorsolini-Comin Fabio , Gazignato Elaine Cristina da Silva
Published: October 2014

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar fatores terapêuticos em um grupo de apoio para pacientes com transtornos alimentares (anorexia e bulimia). O grupo de apoio psicológico é parte da estratégia de assistência oferecida por um serviço especializado em saúde. Duas sessões, com um total de 10 participantes, foram audiogravadas e transcritas na íntegra. A análise de conteúdo temática evidenciou que, ao reconhecerem na experiência alheia aspectos semelhantes aos seus próprios problemas, os participantes puderam se identificar uns com os outros e construir um espaço homogeneizado pela normalização das dificuldades. Além disso, os participantes mencionaram que o grupo promove esperança, conforto e bem-estar a partir do compartilhamento de experiências vitais. Desse modo, universalidade e instilação de esperança foram os principais fatores terapêuticos de apoio ativados nas sessões grupais, contribuindo para potencializar processos de mudança em uma perspectiva ampliada de saúde.
Lateral wedge insole for knee osteoarthritis: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Campos Gustavo Constantino de , Rezende Marcia Uchôa , Pasqualin Thiago , Frucchi Renato , Bolliger Neto Raul
Published: October 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Optimal management of knee osteoarthritis requires a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. The use of lateral wedge insoles to treat medial knee osteoarthritis is recommended, but there is still controversy about its efficacy. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether the use of lateral wedge insoles can diminish pain and improve function in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective randomized trial conducted in a tertiary-level hospital. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 58 patients with medial knee osteoarthritis and randomized them to use either a lateral wedge insole with subtalar strapping (Group W), or a neutral insole with subtalar strapping (Group N - control). All the patients were instructed to use the insole for five to ten hours per day. A visual analogue pain scale, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Lequesne questionnaire were applied at baseline and at weeks 2, 8 and 24. RESULTS: At weeks 8 and 24, both groups showed lower scores for WOMAC (P = 0,023 and P = 0,012 respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the visual analogue pain scale, WOMAC or Lequesne results at any time evaluated. CONCLUSION: The use of a lateral wedge insole with subtalar strapping improved the patients' symptoms and function but was not superior to placebo insoles.
Social support from the perspective of adolescent victims of domestic violence
Authors: Carlos Diene Monique , Ferriani Maria das Graças Carvalho , Esteves Michelly Rodrigues , Silva Lygia Maria Pereira da , Scatena Liliana
Published: October 2014

Objective: Assess the understanding of adolescents regarding the social support received in situations of domestic violence. Method: A qualitative study with data collection carried out through focus groups with 17 adolescent victims of domestic violence, institutionally welcomed in Campinas-SP, and through semi-structured interviews with seven of these adolescents. Information was analyzed by content analysis, thematic modality. Results: Observing the thematic categories it was found that social support for the subjects came from the extended family, the community, the Guardianship Council, the interpersonal relationships established at the user embracement institution and from the religiosity/spirituality. Conclusion: The mentioned sources of support deserve to be enhanced and expanded. With the current complexity of the morbidity and mortality profiles, especially in children and adolescents, the (re)signification and the (re)construction of health actions is imperative.
Collection of tracheal aspirate: safety and microbiological concordance between two techniques
Authors: Frota Oleci Pereira , Ferreira Adriano Menis , Barcelos Larissa da Silva , Watanabe Evandro , Carvalho Nádia Cristina Pereira , Rigotti Marcelo Alessandro
Published: October 2014

Objective: To evaluate the safety of the performance of the traditional and protected collection techniques of tracheal aspirate and to identify qualitative and quantitative agreement of the results of microbiological cultures between the techniques. Method: Clinical, prospective, comparative, single-blind research. The sample was composed of 54 patients of >18 years of age, undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for a period of ≥48 hours and with suspected Ventilator Associated Pneumonia. The two techniques were implemented in the same patient, one immediately after the other, with an order of random execution, according to randomization by specialized software. Results: No significant events occurred oxygen desaturation, hemodynamic instability or tracheobronchial hemorrhage (p<0.05) and, although there were differences in some strains, there was qualitative and quantitative agreement between the techniques (p<0.001). Conclusion: Utilization of the protected technique provided no advantage over the traditional and execution of both techniques was safe for the patient.
Use of alcohol in the elderly: transcultural validation of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test – Geriatric Version (MAST-G)
Authors: Kano Marcia Yumi , Santos Manoel Antônio dos , Pillon Sandra Cristina
Published: October 2014

Objective: To evaluate the internal consistency of the version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test – Geriatric Version (MAST-G) instrument, translated and adapted for Brazil. Method: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, the ICD-10 and the MAST-G, following the steps of translation and cultural adaptation. One hundred eleven elderly in the city of São Carlos, SP, Brazil were interviewed. Results: The mean age of those interviewed was 70 years, with 45% men and 55% women, with the mean education of three years; 92% resided with family; 48% of the subjects consumed alcoholic beverages. The MAST-G presented a good level of reliability, with Cronbach’s α = 0.7873, and good levels of sensitivity and specificity with a cutoff score of five positive responses. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the MAST-G presented internal consistency values similar to the original English version,showing it to be adequate for use in the national context.
Occupational low back pain in nursing workers: massage versus pain
Authors: Borges Talita Pavarini , Kurebayashi Leonice Fumiko Sato , Silva Maria Júlia Paes da
Published: October 2014

Objective: To assess the efficacy of massage for decreasing occupational low back pain in workers of a Nursing team in an Emergency Room. Method: A randomized controlled trial, using a socio-demographic/morbidity questionnaire and a Pain Numeric Scale. Forty-five subjects were randomly allocated for intervention (G1 – Massage by acupressure), placebo group (G2 – application of Garlium Arseneid Laser 904nm turned off) and control (G3 – no intervention). Results: The main triggering factor, as well as the worsening of pain, was the patient manipulation, both with a prevalence of 34.9%. The main treatment for low back pain before this research was the use of medication, with a prevalence of 44.2%. In accordance with a variance analysis, only G1 presented a significant statistical difference, with a better result after 12 sessions. Massage presented an enormous effect (d = 4.59), corresponding to 86% of reduction in the pain level. Conclusion: Massage was effective to decrease occupational low back pain of those Nursing workers.
Health problems of nursing workers in a public educational institution
Authors: Bernardes Carolina Luiza , Vasconcelos Lucinda Helena da Silva de , Silva Silmar Maria da , Baptista Patrícia Campos Pavan , Felli Vanda Elisa Andres , Pustiglione Marcelo , Munhoz Ruth , Coa Thatiana Fernanda
Published: October 2014

Objective: To identify the issues occurred with nursing workers through a Health Monitoring System for Nursing Workers (SIMOSTE) and to describe the consequences of those problems. Method: This is a quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study realized in a teaching hospital in the west region of the city of São Paulo. Results: From the SIMOSTE, 1.847 occurrences were registered in a six month period. Within the main occurrences, medical licenses, work related accidents with and without removals; psychiatric consultations and psychotherapy were highlighted. Conclusion: The data points out to the need for the development of new health vigilance actions to notify accidents and illness related to work, besides the prevention of issues.
Study of adaptation and validation of the Practice environment scale of the nursing work index for the portuguese reality
Authors: Ferreira Maria Regina Sardinheiro do Céu Furtado , Martins José Joaquim Penedos Amendoeira
Published: October 2014

Objective: Testing the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index. Method: A descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study, for the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the psychometric properties of the scale. The study participants were 236 nurses from two hospitals in the regions of Lisbon and Vale do Tejo. Results: The 0.92 Cronbach’s alpha was obtained for overall reliability and support of a five-dimension structure. Conclusion: The excellent quality of adjustment of analysis confirms the validity of the adapted version to hospital care settings, although there was no total coincidence of items in the five dimensions
The view of teachers on bullying and implications for nursing
Authors: Silva Marta Angélica Iossi , Silva Jorge Luiz da , Pereira Beatriz Oliveira , Oliveira Wanderlei Abadio de , Medeiros Marcelo
Published: October 2014

Objective: To understand school bullying from the perspective of teachers and reflect about the possible actions of the health area when coping with it. The guidelines of the School Health Program of the Ministries of Health and Education were used to reach that purpose. Method: A qualitative study carried out with teachers of a public school in Minas Gerais. Focus groups were used to collect data and the empirical material was decoded from thematic analysis of content, resulting in an analytical category: conceptions and experiences of teachers on bullying. Results: Specific perceptions about the phenomenon and the use of ineffective intervention resources were identified. In the interpretive plan were problematized the health and nursing contributions with resizing the interventions and the continuing training process of teachers. Conclusion: The results point to the construction of intersectoral practices for coping with bullying.
Virtual Environment: assistance in nursing care for the deaf based on the protocol of Primary Care
Authors: Rodrigues Silvia Cristina Martini , Damião Gardênia Costa
Published: October 2014

Objective: Presenting a Virtual Environment (VE) based on the Protocol of Treatment of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus type 2, used in Primary Care for evaluation of dietary habits in nursing consultations. Method: An experimental study applied by two nurses and a nurse manager, in a sample of 30 deaf patients aged between 30 and 60 years. The environment was built in Visual Basic NET and offered eight screens about feeding containing food pictures, videos in Libras (Brazilian sign language) and audio. The analysis of the VE was done through questionnaires applied to patients and professionals by the Poisson statistical test. Results: The VE shows the possible diagnostics in red, yellow, green and blue colors, depending on the degree of patients’ need. Conclusion: The environment obtained excellent acceptance by patients and nurses, allowing great interaction between them, even without an interpreter. The time in consultation was reduced to 15 minutes, with the preservation of patient privacy.
Ensino e biblioteca: diálogo possível
Authors: Castro César Augusto
Published: October 2014

Análise da trajetória histórica da relação ensino e biblioteca. Enfoca-se a contribuição das bibliotecas dos jesuítas e as maneiras pelas quais estas serviram para atender suas funções educacionais e catequéticas. Trata-se das transformações no diálogo biblioteca e ensino com a chegada da família real e o fortalecimento do mesmo nas últimas décadas na Segunda República e o envolvimento da classe professoral. Discute-se a relevante contribuição dos escolanovistas para a criação de bibliotecas escolares no Brasil. Analisa-se o papel das bibliotecas no período populista. Conclui-se que o diálogo escola e biblioteca depende sobremaneira do momento histórico, político e social, que pode constituir-se em relações de plena efervescência ou de total superfi-cialidade.
Ensinar e aprender: reflexões acerca da pesquisa em Ciência da Informação
Authors: Pinto Virginia Bentes , Pinheiro Edna Gomes
Published: October 2014

Discute alguns aspectos relativos aos conceitos de pesquisa e suas formas de abordagem -quantitativas, qualitativas e mistas-, apresentando a sócio-poética e o método criativo sensível como alternativas metodológicas para a Ciência da Informação e a Biblioteconomia. Aponta ainda as possíveis causas das dificuldades que os acadêmicos enfrentam no ato de pesquisar, finalizando com algumas reflexões acerca do ensinar e do aprender a pesquisar.
Equipamentos culturais, bibliotecas e profissionais da informação no Brasil: indicadores estaduais por volta de 2000
Authors: Jannuzzi Paulo de Martino , Loureiro Mônica de Fátima
Published: October 2014

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal identificar e analisar a distribuição da infra-estrutura de equipamentos e serviços voltados para a difusão cultural à população nos estados brasileiros, entendendo-se por isto o conjunto de bibliotecas públicas, museus, teatros, cinemas, emissoras de rádio, provedores de Internet e outros serviços levantados na Pesquisa de Informações Básicas Municipais de 1999, divulgada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística em 2001. Apresenta-se também a distribuição dos profissionais envolvidos nessas atividades, tais como os profissionais da informação e do jornalismo, bem como escritores e professores, a partir de dados do Censo Demográfico de 2000. Em particular, discutem-se os indicadores de disponibilidade e oferta de serviços bibliotecários nos estados brasileiros, incluindo-se a relação dos mesmos com indicadores econômicos e sociais.
Exclusão digital e exclusão social: elementos para uma discussão
Authors: Mattos Fernando Augusto Mansor
Published: October 2014

O presente artigo tem por objetivo descrever e interpretar de forma crítica o papel que as novas Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação têm desempenhado no recente processo de "globalização". Essa avaliação será feita para o conjunto da economia mundial e para o Brasil, em particular. A hipótese que deve nortear este trabalho é a de que as novas tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação tendem a ampliar o padrão de exclusão social vigente no atual momento histórico do Capitalismo. E também reproduzem, de forma ampliada, as assimetrias existentes entre os países, promovidas pelo processo de globalização econômica. Este estudo chama a atenção para o papel estratégico que adquire o acesso às informações promovido pelas novas Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação e destaca como a exclusão digital determina novas formas de exclusão social.
A prática de indexação: análise da evolução de tendências teóricas e metodológicas
Authors: Silva Maria dos Remédios da , Fujita Mariângela Spotti Lopes
Published: October 2014

Almejando contribuir com uma reflexão sobre a prática do indexador e tendo em vista a evolução do processo de indexação, os autores procuram identificar, pela revisão da literatura, o desenvolvimento teórico e metodológico de tal processo, extraindo as principais tendências e influências ali presentes. A revisão da literatura foi sistematizada por duas análises: a da literatura fundamental e a dos relatos de experiência. A primeira análise divide-se em três categorias: definição, história e aspectos teóricos e metodológicos da indexação, as quais permitiram evidenciar a constante preocupação, por parte dos estudiosos, com relação à abordagem do assunto do documento, tendo em vista sua recuperação. Com isso, conclui-se que a maior ênfase nesse processo está relacionada à indexação acadêmica _ resultante da concepção de análise de assunto assumida pelo indexador. Este segundo tipo de análise tem suas influências mais diretamente relacionadas às áreas de interface da Análise Documentária _ a Lingüística, a Lógica e a Psicologia Cognitiva, mais recentemente abordada pelos estudos teóricos, ainda não aprofundados. Quando estes aspectos lógicos, lingüísticos e cognitivos estiverem mais esclarecidos, permitirão ao indexador a realização de uma análise conceitual do documento mais efetiva, pois são estes aspectos que vão auxiliar na determinação da tematicidade do documento.
O mar no museu: um olhar sobre a educação nos aquários
Authors: Salgado Maurício de Mattos , Marandino Martha
Published: October 2014

A musealização do mar, hoje capitaneada por aquários e oceanários, envolveu a relação do homem com esses ambientes, assim como técnicas que permitiram sua exploração e a manutenção de organismos em cativeiro. Reconhecendo o papel de pesquisa e entretenimento que os aquários possuem, são analisados alguns aspectos sobre sua constituição ao longo do tempo, especialmente, a dimensão de educação e divulgação que esses locais assumiram mais fortemente nos dias atuais. Para tal, esmiuçamos o exemplo de uma instituição nacional – o Aquário de Ubatuba –, indicando como sua musealização possui intenções claras de ensinar e divulgar conteúdos ligados à zoologia, ecologia e conservação.
O litoral do Nordeste do Brasil como objeto científico darwinista: as prospecções de John Casper Branner, 1899-1911
Authors: Oliveira Almir Leal de
Published: October 2014

John Casper Branner, geólogo norte-americano, desenvolveu uma longa história de investigação no Brasil. Analisa-se, aqui, como ele tratou a geologia do litoral do Nordeste na Branner-Agassiz Expedition (1899) e na Stanford Expedition (1911). As expedições indicam como a geomorfologia das bacias sedimentares, dos recifes de arenito e dos recifes de corais foi caracterizada sob uma perspectiva evolutiva darwinista. Branner integrou o modelo de pesquisa de campo da história natural com as práticas da biologia moderna e da geologia dinâmica, e interpretou a evolução da formação geológica a partir dos fatores físico-químicos. Os estudos zoológicos identificaram o lugar da variação e das adaptações evolutivas das espécies marinhas isoladas como fator auxiliar da seleção natural.
O Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo: um capítulo do processo de emergência e consolidação das ciências oceanográficas no Brasil, 1946-1969
Authors: Varela Alex Gonçalves
Published: October 2014

Os historiadores das ciências ainda não se preocuparam em estudar o processo de emergência e consolidação das ciências oceanográficas no Brasil. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar esse processo. Para tal foi escolhida a contribuição do Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia, primeira instituição de pesquisa oceanográfica nacional, criada em 1946, que, ao ser incorporado à Universidade de São Paulo em 1951, passou a ser Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo. A análise está centrada na atuação de três cientistas que integraram o quadro inicial de pesquisadores da instituição: Wladimir Besnard, Ingvar Emilsson e Marta Vannucci.
The Kraken: when myth encounters science
Authors: Salvador Rodrigo B. , Tomotani Barbara M.
Published: October 2014

Hundreds of years ago, sailors were terrified by the Kraken, a dreadful sea monster capable of sinking ships and with a taste for human flesh. Today we know the legends of this monster were based on sightings of giant squids. This animal belongs to the genus Architeuthis and was the subject of many scientific studies. Despite its enormous size (up to 18m), the giant squid is astoundingly elusive and much of its biology remains unknown. Thus shrouded in mystery, Architeuthis is almost a mythological creature and has a place both in science and in myth: the very last of the legends to persist to this day.
Fatores associados à dor musculoesquelética em escolares da rede pública municipal no extremo sul do Brasil
Authors: Saes Mirelle de Oliveira , Soares Marcela Dupont , Mucillo-Baisch Ana , Soares Maria Cristina Flores
Published: October 2014

Objetivos: identificar os fatores associados à dor musculoesquelética (DME) em escolares da rede municipal de ensino na cidade de Rio Grande, extremo sul do Brasil, entre junho e dezembro de 2010. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo seccional conduzido em uma amostra aleatória de 625 escolares entre seis e 18 anos de idade. A DME foi pesquisada utilizando o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares (QNSO) e informações demográficas, biológicas, forma de transporte do material escolar e de estilo de vida obtidas via questionário padronizado. As razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada da associação da DME com os fatores investigados foi estimada em um modelo de regressão de Poisson. Resultados: a prevalência de DME foi de 37,6%. Idade entre 11 e 18 anos (RP=1,70; IC95%=1,36- 2,11; p<0,001), sexo feminino (RP=1,47; IC95%=1,19-1,81; p<0,001) e histórico familiar de distúrbio na coluna (RP=0,78; IC95%=0,64-0,96; p=0,020) estiveram associados ao desfecho. Não praticar esportes de competição foi um fator de proteção (RP=0,65; IC95%=0,51-0,81; p<0,001). Conclusão: estes resultados confirmam a influência negativa de diferentes fatores presentes no ambiente escolar sobre a saúde dos estudantes. Considera-se como medida importante a implantação de programas de promoção da saúde nas escolas, que estimulem entre os estudantes a adoção de práticas saudáveis que minimizem os efeitos deletérios da DME.
Microscopic study of edema in hydatidiform mole
Authors: Castejón Olivar C. , Caraballo Aury , Castejón Oliver , Cedeño Elizabeth
Published: October 2014

Objectives: the purpose of this study is to use light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to determine the effect of edema on the structure of the molar vesicle. Methods: samples were taken from the complete hydatidiform mole and processed using conventional light and scanning electron microscopy techniques and an observation protocol that identified four variables: factors underlying the development of edema; the condition of the trophoblast basement membrane, development of the villi, accumulation and degeneration of sulphated mucosubstances at stromal level. Results: light microscopy showed a permeable trophoblastic basement membrane, a swollen syncytium, edematous regions disorganizating the stromal region and causing ischemic necrosis of cells. Using scanning electron microscopy, the basement membrane was found to be distended and thickened, with large irregular holes for the entry and movement of liquid, leaving a wide range of fluids during the influx process and depriving stromal cells of nutrition. Conclusions: a new three-dimensional view of the changes brought about by the entry of fluids into the stroma of molar hydropic vesicles was provided by scanning electron microscopy and confirmed by light microscopy, thereby explaining the changes occurring at the level of the stroma as an effect of the edema.