bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Works of Thomas Hill Green
Authors: Green Thomas Hill
Published: November 2015

Thomas Hill Green (1836–82) was one of the most influential English thinkers of his time, and he made significant contributions to the development of political liberalism. Much of his career was spent at Balliol College, Oxford: having begun as a student of Benjamin Jowett, he later acted effectively as his second-in-command at the college. Interested for his whole career in social questions, Green supported the temperance movement, the extension of the franchise, and the admission of women to university education. He became Whyte's professor of moral philosophy at Oxford in 1878, and his lectures had a lasting influence on a generation of students. Volume 3, published in 1888, contains a memoir by Nettleship, Green's pupil and editor, drawing on Green's recollections, as well as the memories of friends and family. The rest of the volume consists of essays on topics ranging from Aristotle to Christian dogma.
The Serialisation of Great Expectations
Authors: Dickens Charles
Published: November 2015

The novels of Charles Dickens (1812–70), with their inimitable energy and their comic, tragic and grotesque characters, are still widely read, and reworked for film and television. Great Expectations was (like most of Dickens' works) first published in serial form, in his periodical All the Year Round, shortly before the first book edition of 1861. The serial version is now reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection simultaneously with the three-volume book edition and a volume of newly photographed actual-size colour images of the entire original manuscript. Dickens himself had the manuscript bound and presented to his friend Chauncy Hare Townshend, with whom he shared an interest in mesmerism and the occult, and in 1868 Townshend bequeathed his library (including the manuscript) to the Wisbech and Fenland Museum. Dickens scholars and enthusiasts will now be able easily to study the two-column serialisation alongside the work-in-progress and the first book edition.
The Making of Vernacular Singapore English
Authors: Bao Zhiming
Published: November 2015

Singapore English is a focal point across the many subfields of linguistics, as its semantic, syntactic and phonetic/phonological qualities tell us a great deal about what happens when very different types of language come together. Sociolinguists are also interested in the relative status of Singapore English compared to other languages in the country. This book charts the history of Singapore English and explores the linguistic, historical and social factors that have influenced the variety as it is spoken today. It identifies novel grammatical features of the language, discusses their structure and function, and traces their origins to the local languages of Singapore. It places grammatical system and usage at the core of analysis, and shows that introspective and corpus data are complementary. This study will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working on language contact, world varieties of English, historical linguistics and sociolinguistics.
Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Çelebi Evliya
Published: November 2015

This two-volume English translation of part of a longer travel narrative by the Ottoman aristocrat Evliya Çelebi (1611–c.1680) was translated by the Austrian scholar Joseph von Hammer (1774–1856) and published in 1834 by the Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland, set up to make 'Eastern' texts more widely available in English. Çelebi was highly educated, had served the Ottoman court both as a diplomat and as a soldier, and as he says, had in his travels 'seen the countries of eighteen monarchs and heard 147 different languages'. His lifetime encompassed the highest point of Ottoman expansion into Europe, and his indefatigable curiosity about everything he saw makes this work a fascinating assemblage of topics varying from the fountains of Istanbul to a journey to Georgia. Volume 1 includes a short biography of Çelebi and accounts of the history and architecture of his native city.
REFASHIONING CHIEFTAINCY IN GHANA: FESTIVAL DRESS, CORPORATE SPONSORSHIP AND NEW LOGICS OF VALUE
Authors: Adrover Lauren
Published: November 2015

Annual festivals in Ghana celebrate the agricultural harvest and commemorate the political authority of local chiefs. Today, multinational corporations such as Guinness, MTN and Vodafone sponsor almost all aspects of festival production. Sponsor participation has transformed festivals into sites saturated with images of commodities and corporate brands. While some chiefs support corporate participation, others deplore sponsors, who they perceive as threatening chiefs' control over the festival arena. A critical medium through which chiefs police and participate in discourses about cultural and political legitimacy is dress: chiefs clothe members of their entourages alternatively in T-shirts with corporate logos and T-shirts with images of chiefs. During festivals, chiefs orchestrate embodied practices to assert new claims to their political authority based on the nobility of their lineage or their participation in global economic networks. Through an exploration of contemporary dress practices, I argue that what is at stake in corporate-sponsored festivals is the emergence of new logics of value that challenge people to reassess the social and economic relations that underlie the production of political power in Ghana.
Dialogisches Realisieren und Reorientieren – Pflegerische Entscheidungsfindungsprozesse und Aktivitäten am Lebensende auf der Intensivstation im internationalen Vergleich
Authors: Kohlen Helen , McCarthy Joan , Szylit Buosso Regina , Gallagher Ann , Andrews Tom
Published: November 2015

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Intensivstationen sind traditionell Settings, die hochtechnisierte Behandlungsverfahren für Menschen in lebensbedrohlichen Situationen einer Krankheit oder eines Unfalls einsetzen. Fragen zur Therapiebegrenzung und Therapiereduktion sowie zum Therapieabbruch sind mit ethischen Dilemmata verbunden. Pflegerische Entscheidungsfindungsprozesse und pflegerische Aktivitäten in unterschiedlichen Ländern sind bisher wenig erforscht. Fragestellung: Welche pflegerischen Entscheidungsfindungsprozesse und Aktivitäten lassen sich am Lebensende in verschiedenen Ländern identifizieren und beschreiben? Ziel: Ziel der Studie ist die Identifikation eines pflegerischen Terrains, wenn es um Entscheidungen und Aktivitäten in der Betreuung und Versorgung von PatientInnen am Lebensende auf der Intensivstation geht. Methode: Semi-strukturierte Interviews wurden mit 51 Pflegenden durchgeführt: zehn in Brasilien, neun in England, zehn in Deutschland, zehn in Irland und zwölf in Palästina. Die Interviews wurden nach dem Verfahren der Grounded Theory aufbereitet und analysiert. Ergebnis: Als Ergebnis der Untersuchung konnte der Prozess des Wechsels von Aktivitäten, die auf Heilung ausgerichtet sind, hin zu Aktivitäten, die auf Sterbebegleitung ausgerichtet sind, als ein dynamischer identifiziert werden. Er wurde mit der Kernkategorie «Dialogisches Realisieren und Reorientieren» begrifflich gefasst: Der Wechsel an Aktivitäten geht einher mit Verhandlungen zwischen Pflegenden und ÄrztInnen, Angehörigen sowie in Zwiegesprächen mit sich selbst. Darüber hinaus ist der Prozess durch stetige Re-Orientierungen gekennzeichnet, die durch wechselnde Patientenbefunde und Realisierung der aktuellen Situation ausgelöst werden. Die zentralen pflegerischen Aktivitäten sind «Konsenssuche» und «Emotionale Stützung» (Subkategorien). Schlussfolgerung: Es lässt sich ein pflegerisches Terrain von Aktivitäten am Lebensende von PatientInnen auf der Intensivstation in allen Ländern identifizieren und beschreiben. Es ist allerdings unklar, ob die pflegerischen Aktivitäten in Bezug auf eine Begleitung der Angehörigen in einer Form dominieren, die Beziehungen zu PatientInnen und Respekt vor ihrer Autonomie in den Hintergrund treten lässt. Eine Feldstudie könnte Antworten auf diese Frage ermöglichen.
Auswirkungen von Pflegeerfahrung auf die Einstellung zur aktiven Sterbehilfe in der österreichischen Bevölkerung – eine Querschnittstudie
Authors: Sohar Birgit , Großschädl Franziska , Meier Isabella Maria , Stronegger Willibald Julius
Published: November 2015

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Einstellungen zur aktiven Sterbehilfe auf Verlangen von voll urteilsfähigen, schwer und unheilbar kranken Menschen sind zunehmend Gegenstand von öffentlichen Debatten. Forschungsbedarf besteht noch zum Einfluss der Pflegeerfahrung auf die Einstellungen zur aktiven Sterbehilfe. Ziel: Daher ist das Ziel dieser Studie, zu eruieren, ob und wie sich Pflegeerfahrung auf die Einstellungen zur aktiven Sterbehilfe auswirkt. Methode: Im Frühjahr 2014 wurde eine repräsentative Querschnittstudie in der österreichischen Bevölkerung mittels selbstentwickeltem Fragebogen (auf Basis einer qualitativen Vorstudie) durchgeführt. Personen ab dem 16. Lebensjahr wurden über Online-Fragebögen und Personen ab dem 65. Lebensjahr mittels postalisch versendeter Fragebögen befragt (n = 725). Die deskriptive Datenanalyse erfolgte mit dem Statistikprogramm IBM SPSS Version 22.0. Ein positives Ethikvotum liegt für diese Studie vor. Ergebnisse: 48 % der Befragten geben an, Erfahrung mit Pflege gemacht zu haben, davon 8,6 % als Mediziner/Medizinerinnen oder Krankenpfleger/Krankenschwestern, 43,7 % als pflegende Angehörige und 50 % als nicht pflegende Angehörige. Mehrfachantworten waren möglich. Personen mit Pflegeerfahrung weisen eine signifikant niedrigere Zustimmung zur aktiven Sterbehilfe auf, als jene ohne Pflegeerfahrung (p = 0,04). Schlussfolgerung: Pflegeerfahrung stellt einen Einflussfaktor auf die Einstellung zur aktiven Sterbehilfe dar. Menschen mit Pflegeerfahrung sollten stärker in Diskussionen zum Thema Entscheidungen am Lebensende miteinbezogen werden.
F. Curtis Michel (1934–2015)
Authors: Cloutier Paul , Dessler Alexander , Hill Thomas , Wolf Richard
Published: November 2015

A veteran Air Force pilot who cofounded the Space Science Department at Rice University, Michel contributed to high-energy astrophysics, space plasma physics, and planetary science.
Global research challenges and opportunities for mental health and substance-use disorders
Authors: Baingana Florence , al'Absi Mustafa , Becker Anne E. , Pringle Beverly
Published: November 2015

The research agenda for global mental health and substance-use disorders has been largely driven by the exigencies of high health burdens and associated unmet needs in low- and middle-income countries. Implementation research focused on context-driven adaptation and innovation in service delivery has begun to yield promising results that are improving the quality of, and access to, care in low-resource settings. Importantly, these efforts have also resulted in the development and augmentation of local, in-country research capacities. Given the complex interplay between mental health and substance-use disorders, medical conditions, and biological and social vulnerabilities, a revitalized research agenda must encompass both local variation and global commonalities in the impact of adversities, multi-morbidities and their consequences across the life course. We recommend priorities for research — as well as guiding principles for context-driven, intersectoral, integrative approaches — that will advance knowledge and answer the most pressing local and global mental health questions and needs, while also promoting a health equity agenda and extending the quality, reach and impact of scientific enquiry.

This article has not been written or reviewed by Nature editors. Nature accepts no responsibility for the accuracy of the information provided.
Reliable quantum certification of photonic state preparations
Authors: Aolita Leandro , Gogolin Christian , Kliesch Martin , Eisert Jens
Published: November 2015

Quantum technologies promise a variety of exciting applications. Even though impressive progress has been achieved recently, a major bottleneck currently is the lack of practical certification techniques. The challenge consists of ensuring that classically intractable quantum devices perform as expected. Here we present an experimentally friendly and reliable certification tool for photonic quantum technologies: an efficient certification test for experimental preparations of multimode pure Gaussian states, pure non-Gaussian states generated by linear-optical circuits with Fock-basis states of constant boson number as inputs, and pure states generated from the latter class by post-selecting with Fock-basis measurements on ancillary modes. Only classical computing capabilities and homodyne or hetorodyne detection are required. Minimal assumptions are made on the noise or experimental capabilities of the preparation. The method constitutes a step forward in many-body quantum certification, which is ultimately about testing quantum mechanics at large scales.
A generalized architecture of quantum secure direct communication for N disjointed users with authentication
Authors: Farouk Ahmed , Zakaria Magdy , Megahed Adel , Omara Fatma A.
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we generalize a secured direct communication process between N users with partial and full cooperation of quantum server. So, N − 1 disjointed users u1, u2, …, uN−1 can transmit a secret message of classical bits to a remote user uN by utilizing the property of dense coding and Pauli unitary transformations. The authentication process between the quantum server and the users are validated by EPR entangled pair and CNOT gate. Afterwards, the remained EPR will generate shared GHZ states which are used for directly transmitting the secret message. The partial cooperation process indicates that N − 1 users can transmit a secret message directly to a remote user uN through a quantum channel. Furthermore, N − 1 users and a remote user uN can communicate without an established quantum channel among them by a full cooperation process. The security analysis of authentication and communication processes against many types of attacks proved that the attacker cannot gain any information during intercepting either authentication or communication processes. Hence, the security of transmitted message among N users is ensured as the attacker introduces an error probability irrespective of the sequence of measurement.
Low-intensity continuous ultrasound triggers effective bisphosphonate anticancer activity in breast cancer
Authors: Tardoski Sophie , Ngo Jacqueline , Gineyts Evelyne , Roux Jean-Paul , Clézardin Philippe , Melodelima David
Published: November 2015

Ultrasound (US) is a non-ionizing pressure wave that can produce mechanical and thermal effects. Bisphosphonates have demonstrated clinical utility in bone metastases treatment. Preclinical studies suggest that bisphosphonates have anticancer activity. However, bisphosphonates exhibit a high affinity for bone mineral, which reduces their bioavailibity for tumor cells. Ultrasound has been shown to be effective for drug delivery but in interaction with gas bubbles or encapsulated drugs. We examined the effects of a clinically relevant dose of bisphosphonate zoledronate (ZOL) in combination with US. In a bone metastasis model, mice treated with ZOL+US had osteolytic lesions that were 58% smaller than those of ZOL-treated animals as well as a reduced skeletal tumor burden. In a model of primary tumors, ZOL+US treatment reduced by 42% the tumor volume, compared with ZOL-treated animals. Using a fluorescent bisphosphonate, we demonstrated that US forced the release of bisphosphonate from the bone surface, enabling a continuous impregnation of the bone marrow. Additionally, US forced the penetration of ZOL within tumors, as demonstrated by the intratumoral accumulation of unprenylated Rap1A, a surrogate marker of ZOL antitumor activity. Our findings made US a promising modality to trigger bisphosphonate anticancer activity in bone metastases and in primary tumors.
Apoptosome activation, an important molecular instigator in 6-mercaptopurine induced Leydig cell death
Authors: Morgan Jessica A. , Lynch John , Panetta John C. , Wang Yao , Frase Sharon , Bao Ju , Zheng Jie , Opferman Joseph T. , Janke Laura , Green Daniel M. , Chemaitilly Wassim , Schuetz John D.
Published: November 2015

Leydig cells are crucial to the production of testosterone in males. It is unknown if the cancer chemotherapeutic drug, 6-mercaptopurine (6 MP), produces Leydig cell failure among adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Moreover, it is not known whether Leydig cell failure is due to either a loss of cells or an impairment in their function. Herein, we show, in a subset of childhood cancer survivors, that Leydig cell failure is related to the dose of 6 MP. This was extended, in a murine model, to demonstrate that 6 MP exposure induced caspase 3 activation and the loss of Leydig cells was independent of Bak and Bax activation. The death of these non-proliferating cells was triggered by 6 MP metabolism, requiring formation of both cytosolic reactive oxygen species and thiopurine nucleotide triphosphates. The thiopurine nucleotide triphosphates (with physiological amounts of dATP) uniquely activated the apoptosome. An ABC transporter (Abcc4/Mrp4) reduced the amount of thiopurines, thereby providing protection for Leydig cells. The studies reported here demonstrate that the apoptosome is uniquely activated by thiopurine nucleotides and suggest that 6 MP induced Leydig cell death is likely a cause of Leydig cell failure in some survivors of childhood cancer.
Dynamic changes in host gene expression associated with H5N8 avian influenza virus infection in mice
Authors: Park Su-Jin , Kumar Mukesh , Kwon Hyeok-il , Seong Rak-Kyun , Han Kyudong , Song Jae-min , Kim Chul-Joong , Choi Young-Ki , Shin Ok Sarah
Published: November 2015

Emerging outbreaks of newly found, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) viruses have been reported globally. Previous studies have indicated that H5N8 pathogenicity in mice is relatively moderate compared with H5N1 pathogenicity. However, detailed mechanisms underlying avian influenza pathogenicity are still undetermined. We used a high-throughput RNA-seq method to analyse host and pathogen transcriptomes in the lungs of mice infected with A/MD/Korea/W452/2014 (H5N8) and A/EM/Korea/W149/2006 (H5N1) viruses. Sequenced numbers of viral transcripts and expression levels of host immune-related genes at 1 day post infection (dpi) were higher in H5N8-infected than H5N1-infected mice. Dual sequencing of viral transcripts revealed that in contrast to the observations at 1 dpi, higher number of H5N1 genes than H5N8 genes was sequenced at 3 and 7 dpi, which is consistent with higher viral titres and virulence observed in infected lungs in vivo. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed a more significant upregulation of death receptor signalling, driven by H5N1 than with H5N8 infection at 3 and 7 dpi. Early induction of immune response-related genes may elicit protection in H5N8-infected mice, which correlates with moderate pathogenicity in vivo. Collectively, our data provide new insight into the underlying mechanisms of the differential pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses.
Soft viscoelastic properties of nuclear actin age oocytes due to gravitational creep
Authors: Feric Marina , Broedersz Chase P. , Brangwynne Clifford P.
Published: November 2015

The actin cytoskeleton helps maintain structural organization within living cells. In large X. laevis oocytes, gravity becomes a dominant force and is countered by a nuclear actin network that prevents liquid-like nuclear bodies from immediate sedimentation and coalescence. However, nuclear actin’s mechanical properties and how they facilitate the stabilization of nuclear bodies, remain unknown. Using active microrheology, we find that nuclear actin forms a weak viscoelastic network, with a modulus of roughly 0.1 Pa. Embedded probe particles subjected to a constant force exhibit continuous displacement, due to viscoelastic creep. Gravitational forces also cause creep displacement of nuclear bodies, resulting in their asymmetric nuclear distribution. Thus, nuclear actin does not indefinitely support the emulsion of nuclear bodies, but only kinetically stabilizes them by slowing down gravitational creep to ~2 months. This is similar to the viability time of large oocytes, suggesting gravitational creep ages oocytes, with fatal consequences on long timescales.
Nanofabrication and coloration study of artificial Morpho butterfly wings with aligned lamellae layers
Authors: Zhang Sichao , Chen Yifang
Published: November 2015

The bright and iridescent blue color from Morpho butterfly wings has attracted worldwide attentions to explore its mysterious nature for long time. Although the physics of structural color by the nanophotonic structures built on the wing scales has been well established, replications of the wing structure by standard top-down lithography still remains a challenge. This paper reports a technical breakthrough to mimic the blue color of Morpho butterfly wings, by developing a novel nanofabrication process, based on electron beam lithography combined with alternate PMMA/LOR development/dissolution, for photonic structures with aligned lamellae multilayers in colorless polymers. The relationship between the coloration and geometric dimensions as well as shapes is systematically analyzed by solving Maxwell’s Equations with a finite domain time difference simulator. Careful characterization of the mimicked blue by spectral measurements under both normal and oblique angles are carried out. Structural color in blue reflected by the fabricated wing scales, is demonstrated and further extended to green as an application exercise of the new technique. The effects of the regularity in the replicas on coloration are analyzed. In principle, this approach establishes a starting point for mimicking structural colors beyond the blue in Morpho butterfly wings.
Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis by the Kennedy pathway occurs at different sites in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Farine Luce , Niemann Moritz , Schneider André , Bütikofer Peter
Published: November 2015

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) are among the most abundant phospholipids in biological membranes. In many eukaryotes, the CDP-ethanolamine and CDP-choline branches of the Kennedy pathway represent major and often essential routes for the production of PE and PC, with ethanolamine and choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferases (EPT and CEPT, respectively) catalysing the last reactions in the respective pathways. Although the site of PE and PC synthesis is commonly known to be the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), detailed information on the localization of the different phosphotransferases is lacking. In the unicellular parasite, Trypanosoma brucei, both branches of the Kennedy pathway are essential for cell growth in culture. We have previously reported that T. brucei EPT (TbEPT) catalyses the production of ether-type PE molecular species while T. brucei CEPT (TbCEPT) synthesizes diacyl-type PE and PC molecular species. We now show that the two enzymes localize to different sub-compartments of the ER. By expressing a series of tagged forms of the two enzymes in T. brucei parasites, in combination with sub-cellular fractionation and enzyme activity measurements, TbEPT was found exclusively in the perinuclear ER, a distinct area located close to but distinct from the nuclear membrane. In contrast, TbCEPT was detected in the bulk ER.
A First Principles study on Boron-doped Graphene decorated by Ni-Ti-Mg atoms for Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Performance
Authors: Nachimuthu Santhanamoorthi , Lai Po-Jung , Leggesse Ermias Girma , Jiang Jyh-Chiang
Published: November 2015

We proposed a new solid state material for hydrogen storage, which consists of a combination of both transition and alkaline earth metal atoms decorating a boron-doped graphene surface. Hydrogen adsorption and desorption on this material was investigated using density functional theory calculations. We find that the diffusion barriers for H atom migration and desorption energies are lower than for the previously designed mediums and the proposed medium can reach the gravimetric capacity of ~6.5 wt % hydrogen, which is much higher than the DOE target for the year 2015. Molecular Dynamics simulations show that metal atoms are stably adsorbed on the B doped graphene surface without clustering, which will enhance the hydrogen storage capacity.
High-resolution in-depth imaging of optically cleared thick samples using an adaptive SPIM
Authors: Masson Aurore , Escande Paul , Frongia Céline , Clouvel Grégory , Ducommun Bernard , Lorenzo Corinne
Published: November 2015

Today, Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) makes it possible to image fluorescent samples through depths of several hundreds of microns. However, LSFM also suffers from scattering, absorption and optical aberrations. Spatial variations in the refractive index inside the samples cause major changes to the light path resulting in loss of signal and contrast in the deepest regions, thus impairing in-depth imaging capability. These effects are particularly marked when inhomogeneous, complex biological samples are under study. Recently, chemical treatments have been developed to render a sample transparent by homogenizing its refractive index (RI), consequently enabling a reduction of scattering phenomena and a simplification of optical aberration patterns. One drawback of these methods is that the resulting RI of cleared samples does not match the working RI medium generally used for LSFM lenses. This RI mismatch leads to the presence of low-order aberrations and therefore to a significant degradation of image quality. In this paper, we introduce an original optical-chemical combined method based on an adaptive SPIM and a water-based clearing protocol enabling compensation for aberrations arising from RI mismatches induced by optical clearing methods and acquisition of high-resolution in-depth images of optically cleared complex thick samples such as Multi-Cellular Tumour Spheroids.
Aptamers: versatile molecular recognition probes for cancer detection
Authors: Sun Hongguang , Tan Weihong , Zu Youli
Published: November 2015

Aptamers as specific and sensitive probes forin vitrodiagnosis of cancer cells, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of tumor tissues, andin vivoimaging detection of tumors.
Robust NMR water signal suppression for demanding analytical applications
Authors: Aguilar Juan A. , Kenwright Simon. J.
Published: November 2015

We describe the design and application of robust, general-purpose water signal suppression pulse sequences well suited to chemometric work.
Pd-catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of arylboronic acids with γ,γ-difluoroallylic acetates
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Xingang
Published: November 2015

A highly regio- and stereo-selective palladium-catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of arylboronic acids with γ,γ-difluoroallylic acetates has been described. The method allows the synthesis of a variety of gem-difluoroallylated arenes with a tosyloxy group on the CC double bond, thus providing a good opportunity for down-stream transformations.
Chemo-enzymatic Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of 4-methylcyclohexanone via kinetic resolution of racemic carboxylic acids: direct access to enantioenriched lactone
Authors: Drożdż Agnieszka , Chrobok Anna
Published: November 2015

A new method for the asymmetric chemo-enzymatic Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of 4-methylcyclohexanone to enantioenriched lactone in the presence of (±)-4-methyloctanoic acid, Candida Antarctica lipase B and 30% aq. H2O2 has been developed.
Delivering carbide ligands to sulfide-rich clusters
Authors: Reinholdt Anders , Herbst Konrad , Bendix Jesper
Published: November 2015

The propensity of the terminal ruthenium carbide Ru(C)Cl2(PCy3)2 (RuC) to form carbide bridges to electron-rich transition metals enables synthetic routes to metal clusters with coexisting carbide and sulfide ligands.
Correction: A flow cytometer-based whole cell screening toolbox for directed hydrolase evolution through fluorescent hydrogels
Authors: Lülsdorf Nina , Pitzler Christian , Biggel Michael , Martinez Ronny , Vojcic Ljubica , Schwaneberg Ulrich
Published: November 2015

Correction for ‘A flow cytometer-based whole cell screening toolbox for directed hydrolase evolution through fluorescent hydrogels’ by Nina Lülsdorf et al., Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 8679–8682.
Towards the first theoretical scale of the trans effect in octahedral complexes
Authors: Guégan Frédéric , Tognetti Vincent , Joubert Laurent , Chermette Henry , Luneau Dominique , Morell Christophe
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we show that trans effects in octahedral complexes can primarily be related to differences in the ability, for a given ligand, to cede electron density to the metal cation under the influence of the ligand at the trans position.
Internal conversion outcompetes autodetachment from resonances in the deprotonated tetracene anion continuum
Authors: Bull James N. , West Christopher W. , Verlet Jan R. R.
Published: November 2015

Resonances in deprotonated tetracene decay predominantly to the anion ground state.
Energetic stability, oxidation states, and electronic structure of Bi-doped NaTaO3: a first-principles hybrid functional study
Authors: Joo Paul H. , Behtash Maziar , Yang Kesong
Published: November 2015

Hybrid functional calculations (HSE) well predict the relative stability of Bi-doped NaTaO3 as a function of Na chemical potential.
Size-dependent strain and surface energies of gold nanoclusters
Authors: Ali S. , Myasnichenko V. S. , Neyts E. C.
Published: November 2015

Calculation of size-dependent strain and surface energies of gold nanoparticles.
Insight into reaction pathways in CO hydrogenation reactions over K/MoS2 supported catalysts via alcohol/olefin co-feed experiments
Authors: Taborga Claure Micaela , Morrill Michael R. , Goh Jin Wai , Chai Song-Hai , Dai Sheng , Agrawal Pradeep K. , Jones Christopher W.
Published: November 2015

Reaction pathways for higher alcohol synthesis from syngas are studied over K/MoS2 domains supported on mesoporous carbon (C) and mixed MgAl oxide (MMO) via addition of methanol, ethanol, and ethylene co-feeds.
Novel layered solid oxide fuel cells with multiple-twinned Ni0.8Co0.2 nanoparticles: the key to thermally independent CO2 utilization and power-chemical cogeneration
Authors: Hua Bin , Yan Ning , Li Meng , Zhang Ya-qian , Sun Yi-fei , Li Jian , Etsell Thomas , Sarkar Partha , Chuang Karl , Luo Jing-Li
Published: November 2015

To energy-efficiently offset our carbon footprint, we developed a layered H-SOFC with multiple-twinned Ni0.8Co0.2 nanoparticles, achieving three milestones: CO2 utilization, electricity generation and syngas production.
An order/disorder/water junction system for highly efficient co-catalyst-free photocatalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: Zhang Kan , Wang Luyang , Kim Jung Kyu , Ma Ming , Veerappan Ganapathy , Lee Chang-Lyoul , Kong Ki-jeong , Lee Hyoyoung , Park Jong Hyeok
Published: November 2015

Order/disorder interfacial engineering realizes highly efficient co-catalyst free hydrogen generation.
Acrylamide mitigation strategies: critical appraisal of the FoodDrinkEurope toolbox
Authors: Palermo M. , Gökmen V. , De Meulenaer B. , Ciesarová Z. , Zhang Y. , Pedreschi F. , Fogliano V.
Published: November 2015

Not all the strategies proposed in FoodDrinkEurope toolbox have equal value in terms of efficacy and cost/benefit ratio.
Refinements to the structure of graphite oxide: absolute quantification of functional groups via selective labelling
Authors: Eng Alex Yong Sheng , Chua Chun Kiang , Pumera Martin
Published: November 2015

The various oxygen functional groups in graphite oxide are investigated by synthetic labelling and an electrochemical detection approach.
Direct synthesis of large-scale hierarchical MoS2 films nanostructured with orthogonally oriented vertically and horizontally aligned layers
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Saifeng , Chen Bohua , Wang Hao , Wu Kan , Chen Yang , Fan Jintai , Qi Shen , Cui Xiaoli , Zhang Long , Wang Jun
Published: November 2015

Hierarchical MoS2 nanofilms with orthogonally oriented vertical/horizontal layers are synthesized in an organic medium containing a small amount of water, and exhibit superior Q-switching behaviour in a fiber laser.
Trienamine catalyzed asymmetric synthesis and biological investigation of a cytochalasin B-inspired compound collection
Authors: Sellstedt Magnus , Schwalfenberg Melanie , Ziegler Slava , Antonchick Andrey P. , Waldmann Herbert
Published: November 2015

Asymmetric trienamine catalysis was used to synthesize cytochalasin B-like compounds and inhibition of glucose uptake in cancer cells was demonstrated.
Monitoring of oxidation behavior in mineral base oil additized with biomass derived antioxidants using FT-IR spectroscopy
Authors: Ahmad Imtiaz , Ullah Jan , Ishaq Muhammad , Khan Hizbullah , Gul Kashif , Siddiqui Samina , Ahmad Waqas
Published: November 2015

The antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of rice husk and sawdust in mineral base oil is investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy during oxidation at 100 and 200 °C. The Rice husk extract is found to be more efficient than saw dust extract.
Kaolinite properties and advances for solid acid and basic catalyst synthesis
Authors: Alaba Peter Adeniyi , Sani Yahaya Muhammad , Ashri Wan Daud Wan Mohd
Published: November 2015

The paper reviewed the prospects of kaolinite application in catalysis and possible modification strategy towards improving the catalytic properties.
Biocompatible and biodegradable elastomer/fibrinogen composite electrospun scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration
Authors: Sireesha Merum , Jagadeesh Babu Veluru , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: November 2015

Schematic for nanofiber with HCMs in cardiac tissue engineering.
Polycationic carbosilane dendrimer decreases angiogenesis and tumor-associated macrophages in tumor-bearing mice
Authors: Perisé-Barrios Ana Judith , Serramia María Jesús , de la Mata Javier , Gomez Rafael , Corbí Angel Luis , Domínguez-Soto Ángeles , Muñoz-Fernandez María Ángeles
Published: November 2015

Nowadays, therapies against cancer are focused in cellular therapies, aimed at treating immune cells that control tumor development. New dendrimer skills against tumor mass are described in presented in vivo studies using tumor-bearing mice.
Evidence of a correlation between magnetic and structural transitions in Y2−xZnxRu2O7 pyrochlore compounds
Authors: Berti Giulia , Sanna Samuele , Ruiz-Bustos Rocío , van Duijn Joost , Brambilla Alberto , Muñoz-Noval Álvaro , Demartin Francesco , Duò Lamberto , Castellano Carlo
Published: November 2015

Strong magnetoelastic coupling and local order–disorder transition at T* > TN observed up to x = 0.10 in Y2−xZnxRu2O7 pyrochlores.
Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of the complex [ReCl3(tppz)]·MeCN
Authors: Palion-Gazda J. , Gryca I. , Machura B. , Lloret Francesc , Julve Miguel
Published: November 2015

The paper reports the synthesis, X-ray structure and a deep analysis of the variable-temperature magnetic data of the new complex [ReCl3(tppz)]·MeCN being a very scarce example of mononuclear Re(iii) complexes incorporating nitrogen donor ligands.
Growth of Fe3O4 nanosheet arrays on graphene by a mussel-inspired polydopamine adhesive for remarkable enhancement in electromagnetic absorptions
Authors: Meng Fanbin , Wei Wei , Chen Jingjing , Chen Xiangnan , Xu Xiaoling , Jiang Man , Wang Yong , Lu Jun , Zhou Zuowan
Published: November 2015

Fe3O4 nanosheet arrays can grow on graphene by a mussel-inspired polydopamine adhesive towards remarkable enhancement in electromagnetic absorptions.
Qualitative and quantitative determinations of pyridalyl and metabolites in excrement of two representative Lepidoptera pests
Authors: Wang Lingling , Nie Yuting , Wang Yujiao , Wang Zhenyu , Xiong Bo
Published: November 2015

Qualitative and quantitative SPE followed by HPLC-TOF/MS determination of pyridalyl and its potential metabolites in the excrement of Helicoverpa armigera (H. armigera) and Spodoptera exigua (S. exigua) was developed.
Exploring the mineral–water interface: reduction and reaction kinetics of single hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles
Authors: Shimizu K. , Tschulik K. , Compton R. G.
Published: November 2015

Here we show that particle impact chronoamperometry allows the quantitative electrochemical characterization of individual mineral nanoparticles with adequate proton concentrations. Through this approach, we extract the kinetics and thermodynamics of the reductive dissolution of single hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles.
Rational composition and structural design of in situ grown nickel-based electrocatalysts for efficient water electrolysis
Authors: Liu Xiangye , Wang Xin , Yuan Xiaotao , Dong Wujie , Huang Fuqiang
Published: November 2015

Earth-abundant and highly efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are desired for water-splitting to produce hydrogen.
A pure organic heterostructure of μ-oxo dimeric iron(iii) porphyrin and graphitic-C3N4 for solar H2 roduction from water
Authors: Wang D. H. , Pan J. N. , Li H. H. , Liu J. J. , Wang Y. B. , Kang L. T. , Yao J. N.
Published: November 2015

A novel pure organic heterostructure was constructed between g-C3N4 and (FeTPP)2O as a photocatalyst for solar H2 production from water splitting.
Room-temperature mixed-solvent-vapor annealing for high performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yu Hao , Liu Xiaodong , Xia Yijun , Dong Qingqing , Zhang Kaicheng , Wang Zhaowei , Zhou Yi , Song Bo , Li Yongfang
Published: November 2015

A facile annealing method of room-temperature mixed-solvent-vapor annealing (rtMSVA) was proposed to fabricate high crystallinity and ultra-smooth perovskite thin films, and the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells was improved with the rtMSVA treatment.
Cellular modulation by the elasticity of biomaterials
Authors: Han Fengxuan , Zhu Caihong , Guo Qianping , Yang Huilin , Li Bin
Published: November 2015

The elasticity of the extracellular matrix has been increasingly recognized as a dominating factor of cell fate and activities. This review provides an overview of the general principles and recent advances in the field of matrix elasticity-dependent regulation of a variety of cellular activities and functions, the underlying biomechanical and molecular mechanisms, as well as the pathophysiological implications.
A self-assembly method for the fabrication of a three-dimensional (3D) polypyrrole (PPy)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) hybrid composite with excellent absorption performance against electromagnetic pollution
Authors: Wu Fan , Sun Mengxiao , Jiang Wanchun , Zhang Kun , Xie Aming , Wang Yuan , Wang Mingyang
Published: November 2015

Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a 3D-PPy/PEDOT composite, and examine its electromagnetic absorption (AE) performance.
Triphenylamine-functionalized tetraphenylpyrazine: facile preparation and multifaceted functionalities
Authors: Chen Ming , Nie Han , Song Bo , Li Lingzhi , Sun Jing Zhi , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2015

Triphenylamine-functionalized tetraphenylpyrazines were facilely prepared and their multi-functional properties were thoroughly investigated.
Evaluation of zinc-doped magnetite nanoparticle toxicity in the liver and kidney of mice after sub-chronic intragastric administration
Authors: Zhu Shanshan , Xu Xiaolong , Rong Rui , Li Bing , Wang Xue
Published: November 2015

Super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been approved for clinical use due to their salient super-paramagnetic properties and low toxicity. Zn2+ doped SPIONs possess significantly higher magnetic susceptibility than that of conventional SPIONs. Here we evaluated the potential toxicity of Zn2+ doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs) in the liver and kidney of mice after repeated intragastric administration for 30 days. Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs did not cause significant changes in their body weights and the coefficients of the liver and kidney, but increased the levels of Fe and Zn in the two organs. Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NP induced slight oxidative stress in the liver and kidney, which could be successfully counteracted by their intrinsic antioxidant systems and had no observable hazardous effects on the histopathology, ultrastructure and functions of the two organs. These results demonstrated that high-performance magnetic Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs did not produce apparent toxicity in the liver and kidney of mice even after sub-chronic intragastric administration. In addition, Zn2+ doping not only markedly enhanced magnetic susceptibility of Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs but also significantly increased the stability of Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs in biological conditions, making them appropriate for use in magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery by the oral route.
Evaluation of the intracellular uptake and cytotoxicity effect of TiO2 nanostructures for various human oral and lung cells under dark conditions
Authors: Chen Chieh-Wei , Huang Jing-Hong , Lai Tsung-Ching , Jan Yi-Hua , Hsiao Michael , Chen Chung-Hsuan , Hwu Yeu-Kuang , Liu Ru-Shi
Published: November 2015

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials (NMs) have been widely used to develop commercial products such as sunscreen cosmetics because of their unique optical properties to provide complete protection from ultraviolet (UV) light. The most dangerous type of UV radiation is UVA, which comprises nearly 97% of the UV radiation that reaches the Earth. This type of radiation is also the major cause of skin damage. As the most beneficial content of sunscreen cosmetics, TiO2 NMs exhibit immense capability to protect the human skin from UVA exposure through their scattering and reflecting physical properties. Therefore, investigating the factors involved in using TiO2 NMs in cosmetics is necessary. In this study, various human oral and lung cell lines were selected to evaluate the cytotoxicity of treatment using different sizes and shapes of TiO2 NMs, including spheres (AFDC and AFDC300) and rods (M212 and cNRs). The morphology, size, and crystalline phase of the selected TiO2 NMs were studied to characterize each physical property. Based on cell viability and endocytic behavior results, treatment with all the selected TiO2 NMs were nearly non-toxic to the oral cell lines. However, high cytotoxicity was obviously observed in lung cells with M212 and AFDC treatments at 50 μg mL−1, which was larger by approximately 20% than with ADC300 and cNRs treatments because the smaller the TiO2 NMs, the larger their specific surface area. This condition resulted in the progress of apoptosis from the considerable aggregation of TiO2 NMs in the cytoplasm. Moreover, compared with those of TiO2 NMs with a similar structure (e.g., cNRs) and size (e.g., M212), the cellular uptake of AFDC was evidently low, which resulted in the approximated non-toxicity. Moreover, the similar sizes and different shapes of AFDC and cNRs were considered to treat lung cells to investigate further the influence of morphology on the cell cycle and the apoptosis effect. Consequently, AFDC and cNRs could inhibit the growth of lung cells and allow a considerable proportion of the cells to remain in the G1/G0 phase. Furthermore, a high-dose treatment would directly induce the apoptosis pathway, whereas a low-dose treatment might decrease cell regeneration.
Using 3D MCF-7 mammary spheroids to assess the genotoxicity of mixtures of the food-derived carcinogens benzo[a]pyrene and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine
Authors: David Rhiannon M. , Gooderham Nigel J.
Published: November 2015

Genotoxic carcinogens are present in the human diet, and two important examples are benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). BaP is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon generated by incomplete combustion of organic substances, thus contaminating numerous foodstuffs, and PhIP is a heterocyclic amine formed when meat is cooked. Genotoxicity testing of chemical carcinogens has focussed largely on individual chemicals, particularly in relation to diet, despite mixtures representing a more realistic exposure scenario. We have previously shown that exposure of MCL-5 cells to BaP–PhIP mixtures produces a TK mutation dose response that differs from the predicted additive response, using traditional regulatory-like two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. There is a large gap between 2D cell culture and the whole animal, and three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, shown to better represent in vivo tissue structure, may bridge the gap. The aim of the current study was to use 3D spheroids to characterise the DNA damage response following exposure to mixtures of the mammary carcinogens BaP and PhIP. Mammary MCF-7 cells were grown in 3D spheroids, exposed (24 h) to BaP (10−10 to 10−5 M) or PhIP (10−9 to 10−4 M) individually or in mixtures and DNA damage assessed by micronucleus (MN) formation. A dose-dependent increase in MN was observed for the individual chemicals in 3D cell culture. In line with our previous 2D TK mutation data, 3D mixture exposures gave a modified DNA damage profile compared to the individual chemicals, with a potent response at low dose combinations and a decrease in MN with higher concentrations of BaP in the mixture. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (CYP1A) activity increased with increasing concentration of BaP in the mixture, and for combinations with 10 μM BaP, CYP1A1 mRNA induction was sustained up to 48 h. These data suggest mixtures of genotoxic chemicals give DNA damage responses that differ considerably from those produced by the chemicals individually, and that 3D cell culture is an appropriate platform for DNA damage assays.
Digital excess loop delay compensation technique with embedded truncator for continuous‐time delta–sigma modulators
Authors: He Tao , Zhang Yi , Temes Gabor C.
Published: November 2015

A novel implementation is proposed to relax the specifications of the internal feedback path for a continuous‐time delta–sigma modulator. A truncator is embedded into the digital excess loop delay (ELD) compensation path. Thermometer‐coded truncation is achieved by re‐ordering the reference voltages of the internal quantiser. This requires only a small amount of extra digital circuitry compared to the conventional digital ELD compensation. The digital encoder controlling the digital‐to‐analogue converter is simple, and it only introduces a small ELD.
Wideband tunable single bandpass microwave photonic filter based on FWM dynamics of optical‐injected DFB laser
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Xiong Jintian , Zheng Jilin , Chen Xiangfei , Pu Tao
Published: November 2015

A wideband tunable single bandpass microwave photonic filter (MPF) based on the four‐wave mixing (FWM) nonlinear dynamics of a distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser under optical injection is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Utilising the wavelength‐selective optical gain of the optical‐injected DFB laser, phase‐modulation to intensity‐modulation conversion is obtained, leading to the realisation of a single bandpass MPF. By changing the injection parameters, an MPF with a frequency tuning range of 27.72 GHz has been achieved. The minimum 3 dB bandwidth and the out‐of‐band suppression ratio are measured to be 61.2 MHz and 25 dB, respectively.
Computationally efficient architecture for ultrasound phase rotation beamforming
Authors: Kim Min , Lee Gunho , Park Minsuk , Song Tai‐Kyong
Published: November 2015

A commonly used phase rotation beamforming (PRBF) technique in medical ultrasound scanners requires four multipliers to realise phase rotation (PR) in addition to two lowpass filters for quadrature demodulation for each channel. A new scheme is presented to reduce the computational complexity of PRBF without sacrificing image quality that uses only 16 PRs located behind inter‐channel adders, regardless of the number of channels, each of which is dedicated for one of 16 quantised PR values using a step size of 2π/16.