bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resting-state functional connectivity alterations in periventricular nodular heterotopia related epilepsy
Authors: Liu Wenyu , Hu Xinyu , An Dongmei , Zhou Dong , Gong Qiyong
Published: December 2019

Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is a neural migration disorder which often presents clinically with seizures. However, the underlying functional neural basis of PNH is still unclear. We aimed to explore the underlying pathological mechanism of PNH by combining both whole brain functional connectivity (FC) and seed-based FC analyses. We utilized resting-state fMRI to measure functional connectivity strength (FCS) in 38 patients with PNH-related epilepsy and 38 control subjects. The regions with FCS alterations were selected as seeds in the following FC analyses. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to explore associations between these functional neural correlates and clinical features. In comparison with controls, PNH patients showed lower FCS in bilateral insula (P < 0.05, family wise error (FWE) correction), higher FC in the default mode network and lower FC in the fronto-limbic-cerebellar circuits (P < 0.05, FWE correction). Pearson correlation analyses revealed that FCS in bilateral insula was negatively correlated with the epilepsy duration (P < 0.05); medial prefronto-insular connectivity was negatively correlated with Hamilton Anxiety Scale (P < 0.05) and cerebellar-insular connectivity was also negatively correlated with Hamilton Depression Scale (P < 0.05). Using the resting-state FCS analytical approach, we identified significant insular hypoactivation in PNH patients, which suggests that the insula might represent the cortical hub of the whole-brain networks in this condition. Additionally, disruption of resting state FC in large-scale neural networks pointed to a connectivity-based neuropathological process in PNH.
Publisher Correction: Development of an optogenetic toolkit for neural circuit dissection in squirrel monkeys
Authors: O’Shea Daniel J. , Kalanithi Paul , Ferenczi Emily A. , Hsueh Brian , Chandrasekaran Chandramouli , Goo Werapong , Diester Ilka , Ramakrishnan Charu , Kaufman Matthew T. , Ryu Stephen I. , Yeom Kristen W. , Deisseroth Karl , Shenoy Krishna V.
Published: December 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Raman mapping of fentanyl transdermal delivery systems with off-label modifications
Authors: Xu Teng , Yilmaz Huzeyfe , Willett Daniel R. , Strasinger Caroline , Rodriguez Jason D. , Keire David A. , Wokovich Anna M.
Published: December 2019

Raman mapping and chemometric models were used to characterize crystal formation in fentanyl transdermal delivery systems resulting from off-label modifications.
A fibronectin-coated gold nanostructure composite for electrochemical detection of effects of curcumin-carrying nanoliposomes on human stomach cancer cells
Authors: Angeline Novi , Suhito Intan Rosalina , Kim Cheol-Hwi , Hong Geun-Pyo , Park Chun Gwon , Bhang Suk Ho , Luo Zhengtang , Kim Tae-Hyung
Published: December 2019

The developed fibronectin-coated electroconductive platform enables rapid, sensitive and precise assessments of the anticancer effects of various food-derived compounds with low toxicity.
Electrode-adsorption activates trans-[Cr(cyclam)Cl2]+ for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction
Authors: Braley Sarah E. , Ashley Daniel C. , Jakubikova Elena , Smith Jeremy M.
Published: December 2019

The mercury working electrode promotes electrocatalytic nitrate reduction by trans-Cr(cyclam)Cl2+.
Cyano-borrowing: titanium-catalyzed direct amination of cyanohydrins with amines and enantioselective examples
Authors: Liu Tang-Lin , Li Zhao-Feng , Tao Jing , Li Qing-Hua , Li Wan-Fang , Li Qian , Ren Li-Qing , Peng Yun-Gui
Published: December 2019

The direct amination was developed of cyanohydrins with amines via catalytic cyano-borrowing reaction based on the use of a titanium catalyst supported by quinine and (S)-BINOL ligands.
Ordered porous Ni in situ decorated by thin-layer amorphous nickel–phosphorus via mild electrochemical-phosphorization for enhancing the hydrogen evolution performance
Authors: Xiong Kun , Gao Yuan , Chen Jia , Shen Yu , Zhang Haidong
Published: December 2019

Ni–P/p-Ni with a rich Ni–P/Ni interface region was constructed for enhancing the HER through a facile and ecofriendly electrochemical-phosphorization process.
Diels–Alder reactions of 1-phosphabutadienes: a highly selective route to PC-substituted phosphacyclohexenes
Authors: Ohtsuki Kazuaki , Walsgrove Henry T. G. , Hayashi Yoshihiro , Kawauchi Susumu , Patrick Brian O. , Gates Derek P. , Ito Shigekazu
Published: December 2019

Kinetically stabilized 1-phosphahaloprenes (2-halo-1-phosphabutadienes) as well as 1-phosphaisoprene undergo a hitherto unknown phospha-Diels–Alder dimerization of the PC–CC units upon heating.
Recognition of PDL1/L2 by different induced-fit mechanisms of PD1: a comparative study of molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Lyu Nan , Wang Kai , Zhang Fan , Qin Haimei , Zhao Yi , Wu Ruibo , Si Yubing , Wang Laiyou
Published: December 2019

The different binding mechanism for PD1/PDL1 and PD1/PDL2 complexes.
Antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4: synthesis and magnetic properties
Authors: Li Hao , Liu Shengsheng , Liu Chang , Zhang Jinsong , Xu Yong , Yu Rong , Wu Yang , Zhang Yuegang , Fan Shoushan
Published: December 2019

The synthesis of high quality MnBi2Te4 crystals as the first intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulator to unearth exotic topological quantum phenomena.
Ultrafast core-excited electron dynamics in model crystalline organic semiconductors
Authors: Duong Vincent V. , Prendergast David , Ayzner Alexander L.
Published: December 2019

Resonant photoemission measurements show that ultrafast electron dynamics in core-excited states of large organic semiconductors depends on both the nature of the core-hole and the proximal chemical environment.
Synthesis and structures of titanium complexes bearing tetradentate tripodal [O2XC] ligands (X = C, P)
Authors: Nakanishi Yusuke , Ishida Yutaka , Kawaguchi Hiroyuki
Published: December 2019

We report the synthesis of tripodal [O2CC] and [O2PC] complexes of titanium via stepwise cyclometallation of 2,2-(ortho-bromo-phenylmethylene)bis(phenol) followed by phosphination of a Ti–C bond.
Luminescent metal–organic framework-based phosphor for the detection of toxic oxoanions in an aqueous medium
Authors: Singha Debal Kanti , Majee Prakash , Hui Sayani , Mondal Sudip Kumar , Mahata Partha
Published: December 2019

Compound 1 has been utilized for the luminescence based visible detection of chromate, permanganate and phosphate ions in aqueous medium.
A microfluidic device for both on-chip dialysis protein crystallization and in situ X-ray diffraction
Authors: Junius Niels , Jaho Sofia , Sallaz-Damaz Yoann , Borel Franck , Salmon Jean-Baptiste , Budayova-Spano Monika
Published: December 2019

This paper reports a versatile microfluidic chip developed for on-chip crystallization of proteins through the dialysis method and in situ X-ray diffraction experiments.
Dynamically tunable elasto-inertial particle focusing and sorting in microfluidics
Authors: Zhou Yinning , Ma Zhichao , Ai Ye
Published: December 2019

We explore the use of non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluids to achieve size-tunable elasto-inertial particle focusing and sorting in a microfluidic device, and realize the controllable tunability among three separation thresholds.
Magnetic biomaterials and nano-instructive tools as mediators of tendon mechanotransduction
Authors: Matos Ana M. , Gonçalves Ana I. , El Haj Alicia J. , Gomes Manuela E.
Published: December 2019

This review identifies the latest advances and potential of magnetically actuated biomaterials within the scope of tendon tissue engineering.
Designing a robust recyclable tricopolymer poly(ionic liquid) macroligand for copper-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization in non-aqueous biphasic systems
Authors: Ngulube Richard , Oderinde Olayinka , Kalulu Mulenga , Pan Rui , Ejeromedoghene Onome , Li Naixu , Zhou Jiancheng
Published: December 2019

Herein, a robust thermoregulated poly(ionic liquid) macroligand was designed, synthesized and applied in an ICAR-based ATRP-TPSC system with efficient recycling/reuse.
Recent progress in transition-metal-catalyzed hydrocyanation of nonpolar alkenes and alkynes
Authors: Zhang Hongru , Su Xin , Dong Kaiwu
Published: December 2019

Hydrocyanation is a powerful method for the preparation of nitriles which are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of amines, acids and amides.
Spatiotemporal pattern formation inE. colibiofilms explained by a simple physical energy balance
Authors: Thomen Philippe , Valentin Jules D. P. , Bitbol Anne-Florence , Henry Nelly
Published: December 2019

We demonstrate that a minimal physical model based on phase separation describes well the spontaneous formation of regular spatial patterns during the growth of anEscherichia colibiofilm.
Structure–function–dynamics of α-chymotrypsin based conjugates as a function of polymer charge
Authors: Munasinghe Aravinda , Baker Stefanie L. , Lin Ping , Russell Alan J. , Colina Coray M.
Published: December 2019

Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations improve our understanding of protein–polymer conjugates, and can predict how charged polymers affect the native dynamics of the protein.
Light driven guided and self-organized motion of mesoporous colloidal particles
Authors: Arya Pooja , Feldmann David , Kopyshev Alexey , Lomadze Nino , Santer Svetlana
Published: December 2019

We report on guided and self-organized motion of ensembles of mesoporous colloidal particles that can undergo dynamic aggregation or separation upon exposure to light.
Lack of mitochondrial NADP(H)-transhydrogenase expression in macrophages exacerbates atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice
Authors: Salerno Alessandro G. , Rentz Thiago , Dorighello Gabriel G. , Marques Ana Carolina , Lorza-Gil Estela , Wanschel Amarylis C. B. A. , de Moraes Audrey , Vercesi Anibal E. , Oliveira Helena C. F.
Published: December 2019

The atherosclerosis prone LDL receptor knockout mice (Ldlr−/−, C57BL/6J background) carry a deletion of the NADP(H)-transhydrogenase gene (Nnt) encoding the mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes NADPH synthesis. Here we hypothesize that both increased NADPH consumption (due to increased steroidogenesis) and decreased NADPH generation (due to Nnt deficiency) in Ldlr−/− mice contribute to establish a macrophage oxidative stress and increase atherosclerosis development. Thus, we compared peritoneal macrophages and liver mitochondria from three C57BL/6J mice lines: Ldlr and Nnt double mutant, single Nnt mutant and wild-type. We found increased oxidants production in both mitochondria and macrophages according to a gradient: double mutant > single mutant > wild-type. We also observed a parallel up-regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC1a, TFAM and respiratory complexes levels) and inflammatory (iNOS, IL6 and IL1b) markers in single and double mutant macrophages. When exposed to modified LDL, the single and double mutant cells exhibited significant increases in lipid accumulation leading to foam cell formation, the hallmark of atherosclerosis. Nnt deficiency cells showed up-regulation of CD36 and down-regulation of ABCA1 transporters what may explain lipid accumulation in macrophages. Finally, Nnt wild-type bone marrow transplantation into LDLr−/− mice resulted in reduced diet-induced atherosclerosis. Therefore, Nnt plays a critical role in the maintenance of macrophage redox, inflammatory and cholesterol homeostasis, which is relevant for delaying the atherogenesis process.
Prognostic significance of microRNA-135 in patients with digestive system cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chao Ce , Sang Chen , Wang Min , Wang Zijin , Li Yanfei , Luo Guanghua , Zhang Xiaoying
Published: December 2019

Background: MicroRNA-135 (miR-135) is a well-known non-coding RNA that has been demonstrated to participate in tumorigenesis and cancer development; however, the clinical prognostic value of miR-135 in digestive system cancers remains controversial. This meta-analysis aims to explore the potential value of miR-135 as a prognostic marker for digestive system cancers.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible articles published before 31 August 2019. Stata 12.0 software was used to analyze the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates to access the prognostic value of miR-135 in digestive system cancers. We then used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets to validate the meta-analysis results.

Results A total of 1470 patients from 17 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that enhanced miR-135 expression was significantly associated with poor OR (hazard ratio (HR): 1.790; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.577–2.031; P=0.000), DFS (HR: 1.482; 95% CI: 0.914–2.403; P=0.110), and RFS (HR: 3.994; 95% CI: 1.363–11.697; P=0.012) in digestive system cancers. A sensitivity analysis confirmed the reliability of our findings, and no significant publication bias was observed.

Conclusion: MiR-135 can be used as a novel biomarker for patients with digestive system cancers. We look forward to future large-scale clinical studies that will investigate the prognostic value of miR-135.
Analysis of CASP12 diagnostic and prognostic values in cervical cancer based on TCGA database
Authors: Feng Guo , Beilei Zhang , Caizhi Chen , Wen Zou
Published: December 2019

The present study aims to find a differential protein-coding gene caspase 12 (CASP12) in cervical cancer (CC) based on the (TCGA) database and verify its clinical diagnostic and prognostic values. The transcriptome and clinicopathological data of CC were downloaded from the TCGA database and through screening, we found that PDE2A and CASP12 were independent prognostic factors for CC patients. According to the median expression, the patients were divided into groups with high and low CASP12 and PDE2A expression. There was no difference in survival between PDE2A high and low expression groups (P=0.099), whereas there was a significant difference between CASP12 high and low expression groups (P=0.033). The serum from 68 CC patients (experimental group) and 50 healthy people (control group) was collected to detect the relative expression of CASP12 using qRT-PCR and plotted the ROC curve. The relative expression of CASP12 in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of CASP12 was 0.865. There were statistically significant differences between CASP12 groups with high and low expression in terms of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, tumor size, FIGO staging, and clinical outcomes (P<0.05), but not in terms of age, HPV types and pathological types (P>0.05). The 3-year survival in the CASP12 low expression group was significantly worse than in the CASP12 high expression group (P=0.028). In conclusion, the expression level of CASP12 can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for patients with CC.
3D multicellular models to study the regulation and roles of acid–base transporters in breast cancer
Authors: Czaplinska Dominika , Elingaard-Larsen Line O. , Rolver Michala G. , Severin Marc , Pedersen Stine F.
Published: December 2019

As a result of elevated metabolic rates and net acid extrusion in the rapidly proliferating cancer cells, solid tumours are characterized by a highly acidic microenvironment, while cancer cell intracellular pH is normal or even alkaline. Two-dimensional (2D) cell monocultures, which have been used extensively in breast cancer research for decades, cannot precisely recapitulate the rich environment and complex processes occurring in tumours in vivo. The use of such models can consequently be misleading or non-predictive for clinical applications. Models mimicking the tumour microenvironment are particularly pivotal for studying tumour pH homeostasis, which is profoundly affected by the diffusion-limited conditions in the tumour. To advance the understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of dysregulated acid–base homeostasis in breast cancer, clinically relevant models that incorporate the unique microenvironment of these tumours are required. The development of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures has provided new tools for basic research and pre-clinical approaches, allowing the culture of breast cancer cells under conditions that closely resemble tumour growth in a living organism. Here we provide an overview of the main 3D techniques relevant for breast cancer cell culture. We discuss the advantages and limitations of the classical 3D models as well as recent advances in 3D culture techniques, focusing on how these culture methods have been used to study acid–base transport in breast cancer. Finally, we outline future directions of 3D culture technology and their relevance for studies of acid–base transport.
Controlling cell-to-cell variability with synthetic gene circuits
Authors: Azizoglu Asli , Stelling Jörg
Published: December 2019

Cell-to-cell variability originating, for example, from the intrinsic stochasticity of gene expression, presents challenges for designing synthetic gene circuits that perform robustly. Conversely, synthetic biology approaches are instrumental in uncovering mechanisms underlying variability in natural systems. With a focus on reducing noise in individual genes, the field has established a broad synthetic toolset. This includes noise control by engineering of transcription and translation mechanisms either individually, or in combination to achieve independent regulation of mean expression and its variability. Synthetic feedback circuits use these components to establish more robust operation in closed-loop, either by drawing on, but also by extending traditional engineering concepts. In this perspective, we argue that major conceptual advances will require new theory of control adapted to biology, extensions from single genes to networks, more systematic considerations of origins of variability other than intrinsic noise, and an exploration of how noise shaping, instead of noise reduction, could establish new synthetic functions or help understanding natural functions.
Adjective Learning in Young Typically Developing Children and Children With Developmental Language Disorder: A Retrieval-Based Approach
Authors: Leonard Laurence B. , Deevy Patricia , Karpicke Jeffrey D. , Christ Sharon , Weber Christine , Kueser Justin B. , Haebig Eileen
Published: December 2019

Purpose

There are strong retention benefits when learners frequently test themselves during the learning period. This practice of repeated retrieval has recently been applied successfully to children's word learning. In this study, we apply a repeated retrieval procedure to the learning of novel adjectives by preschool-age children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and their typically developing (TD) peers. We ask whether the benefits of retrieval extend to children's ability to apply the novel adjectives to newly introduced objects sharing the same characteristics as the objects used during the learning period.

Method

Fourteen children with DLD (
M
age
= 62.64 months) and 13 TD children (
M
= 62.54 months) learned novel adjectives in 2 sessions. For each child, half of the adjectives were learned in a repeated spaced retrieval condition, and half were learned in a repeated study–only condition. Recall was assessed immediately after the second learning session and 1 week later. A recognition test was also administered at the 1-week mark.

Results

On the recall tests, for both groups of children, recall was better for adjectives learned in the repeated spaced retrieval condition. Adjectives learned by the 2nd day were retained 1 week later. Every adjective correctly applied to an object used during the learning period was also extended accurately to new objects with the same characteristics. On these recall tests, the children with DLD did not differ from the TD group in the number of items recalled, though their phonetic accuracy was lower. On the recognition test, the DLD group showed greater accuracy for adjectives that had been learned in the repeated spaced retrieval condition than for those learned in the repeated study condition, whereas the TD group performed at high levels in both conditions.

Conclusion

Repeated spaced retrieval appears to provide an effective boost to word learning. Because its benefits are seen even when a word must be extended to new objects, the application of this procedure seems well suited for learning new language material rather than being limited to item-specific memorization.
W‐band out‐of‐phase active power divider with continuously tunable power division ratio and invariant phase difference
Authors: Dong Haoyi , Chen Jixin , Hou Debin
Published: December 2019

In this study, a W‐band out‐of‐phase active power divider, with continuously tunable power division ratio, has been presented. Out‐of‐phase signal is generated by the compact transform balun with accurate phase and amplitude response. To stabilise the phase difference in different power division ratio, phase‐invariant cascode variable gain amplifier (VGA) is designed in the two paths of the active power divider and 4‐bits proportional to absolute temperature current source is designed to control voltage of VGA. The active power divider is implemented in SiGe BiCMOS process with measured tunable power division ratio from 1:16 up to 16:1, the phase shift from 74 to 90 GHz is about 10° as the gain changes up to 12 dB, which guarantees a good phase‐invariant performance.
Human identification based on radar micro‐Doppler signatures separation
Authors: Qiao Xingshuai , Shan Tao , Tao Ran
Published: December 2019

In this Letter, the authors propose a method for personnel recognition using deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) based on human micro‐Doppler (m‐D) signal separation. In which, the m‐D separation algorithm is firstly performed to separate m‐D signal induced by limbs movement and Doppler signal caused by torso motion, which can highlight the difference contained limbs’ m‐D signatures between the same activity of different people. Afterwards, a five‐layer DCNN is used to learn the necessary features directly from the separated m‐D spectrogram of walking human and then implement human identification task. The method is validated on real data measured with a 5.8 GHz radar system. Experimental results show that an average recognition accuracy of about 90% can be achieved for different human group sizes.
Contribution of non‐conventional pumped‐storage hydropower plant configurations in an isolated power system with an increasing share of renewable energy
Authors: Fernández‐Muñoz Daniel , Pérez‐Díaz Juan I.
Published: December 2019

This paper analyses the contribution of non‐conventional pumped‐storage hydropower plant (PSHP) configurations like variable‐speed pumping and hydraulic short‐circuit, to reducing the scheduling cost and wind curtailment of an isolated power system with a high penetration of renewable energy. Their impact on the system's CO2 emissions and generation mix is analysed as well. For this purpose, the next‐day generation scheduling of the power system of the Great Canary island is computed on a rolling horizon basis for an entire year, considering conventional and non‐conventional PSHP configurations and an increasing installed wind power. Different types of start‐ups of the thermal generating units and the opportunity cost of water (water value) are considered in the day‐ahead generation scheduling. The water value is daily updated by using a two‐stage stochastic optimisation model with a two‐week planning horizon. The results obtained show how these non‐conventional pumped‐storage hydropower plant configurations help not only to reduce the power system scheduling cost but also to integrate more wind energy.
Predictive control of a permanent magnet synchronous generator connected to an MMC converter in an oscillating water column based power plant
Authors: Zarei Mohammad Ebrahim , Gupta Mahima , Ramirez Dionisio , Martinez‐Rodrigo Fernando
Published: December 2019

Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) are traditionally used in high‐power applications although their field of application has lately widened to lower powers. In medium and low‐power applications such as electric drives, a fast control system is usually required and model‐based predictive control approaches (MPC) are highly suitable to obtain superior performance. Unfortunately, although MPC is widely used with two‐level three‐phase power converters, typically in motor and generator control applications, it has been barely developed for MMC. Recent studies discuss MPC approaches for MMC but they are primarily focused on improving the internal operation of MMC. In contrast, this paper presents an MPC which is designed to control the torque and the magnetic field of a surface permanent magnet synchronous generator (SPMSG) by means of an MMC. The proposed approach features a new and fast method to find the location of the reference voltage vector among the large number of multilevel vectors present in typical MMCs. The performance of the new control system has been demonstrated for an oscillating water column (OWC) based power plant simulation. The control system stands out for its fast response, low THD currents and reasonably low computing time which enables its easy implementation in microcontrollers (MCU).
Jupiter’s heavy-element enrichment expected from formation models
Authors: Venturini Julia , Helled Ravit
Published: December 2019

Aims.The goal of this work is to investigate Jupiter’s growth by focusing on the amount of heavy elements accreted by the planet, and to compare this with recent structure models of Jupiter.

Methods.Our model assumes an initial core growth dominated by pebble accretion, and a second growth phase that is characterised by a moderate accretion of both planetesimals and gas. The third phase is dominated by runaway gas accretion during which the planet becomes detached from the disc. The second and third phases were computed in detail, considering two different prescriptions for the planetesimal accretion and fits from hydrodynamical studies to compute the gas accretion in the detached phase.

Results.In order for Jupiter to consist of ~20–40M⊕of heavy elements as suggested by structure models, we find that Jupiter’s formation location is preferably at an orbital distance of 1 ≲a≲ 10 au once the accretion of planetesimals dominates. We find that Jupiter could accrete between ~1 and ~15M⊕of heavy elements during runaway gas accretion, depending on the assumed initial surface density of planetesimals and the prescription used to estimate the heavy-element accretion during the final stage of the planetary formation. This would yield an envelope metallicity of ~0.5 to ~3 times solar. By computing the solid (heavy-element) accretion during the detached phase, we infer a planetary mass-metallicity (MP–MZ) relation ofMZ~MP2/5, when a gap in the planetesimal disc is created, and ofMZ~MP1/6without a planetesimal gap.

Conclusions.Our hybrid pebble-planetesimal model can account for Jupiter’s bulk and atmospheric enrichment. The high bulk metallicity inferred for many giant exoplanets is difficult to explain from standard formation models. This might suggest a migration history for such highly enriched giant exoplanets and/or giant impacts after the disc’s dispersal.
The Carnegie Supernova Project II
Authors: Stritzinger M. D. , Taddia F. , Holmbo S. , Baron E. , Contreras C. , Karamehmetoglu E. , Phillips M. M. , Sollerman J. , Suntzeff N. B. , Vinko J. , Ashall C. , Avila C. , Burns C. R. , Campillay A. , Castellon S. , Folatelli G. , Galbany L. , Hoeflich P. , Hsiao E. Y. , Marion G. H. , Morrell N. , Wheeler J. C.
Published: December 2019

Supernova LSQ13abf was discovered soon after explosion by the La Silla-QUEST Survey and then followed by the Carnegie Supernova Project II at its optical and near-IR wavelengths. Our analysis indicates that LSQ13abf was discovered within two days of explosion and its first ≈10 days of evolution reveal a B-band light curve with an abrupt drop in luminosity. Contemporaneously, the V-band light curve exhibits a rise towards a first peak and the r- and i-band light curves show no early peak. The early light-curve evolution of LSQ13abf is reminiscent of the post-explosion cooling phase observed in the Type Ib SN 2008D, and the similarity between the two objects extends over weeks. Spectroscopically, LSQ13abf also resembles SN 2008D, with P Cygni He I features that strengthen over several weeks. Spectral energy distributions are constructed from the broad-bandphotometry, a UVOIR light curve is constructed by fitting black-body (BB) functions, and the underlying BB-temperature and BB-radius profiles are estimated. Explosion parameters are estimated by simultaneously fitting an Arnett model to the UVOIR light curve and the velocity evolution derived from spectral features, and an in addition to a post-shock breakout cooling model to the first two epochs of the bolometric evolution. This combined model suggests an explosion energy of 1.27 ± 0.23 × 1051 ergs, in addition to a relatively high ejecta mass of 5.94 ± 1.10 M⊙, a 56Ni mass of 0.16 ± 0.02 M⊙, and a progenitor-star radius of 28.0 ± 7.5 R⊙. The ejecta mass suggests the origins of LSQ13abf lie with a > 25 M⊙ zero-age-main-sequence mass progenitor and its estimated radius is three times larger compared to the result obtained from the same analysis applied to observations of SN 2008D, and nine times larger compared to SN 1999ex. Alternatively, a comparison of hydrodynamical simulations of ≳20−25 M⊙ zero-age-main-sequence progenitors that evolve to pre-supernova envelope masses of ≲10 M⊙ and extended (∼100 R⊙) envelopes also broadly match the observations of LSQ13abf.
Kinderheilkunde im Spiegel der Kinderrechtskonvention
Authors: Klein Christoph
Published: December 2019

Die Kinderrechtskonvention der Vereinten Nationen ist nicht nur ein völkerrechtlich bindendes Dokument, das Kindern umfassende Rechte gewährt, sondern ist auch im Rang eines einfachen Gesetzes in Deutschland verbindlich. Mit Blick auf die medizinische Versorgung ist darin das „Recht auf das erreichbare Höchstmaß an Gesundheit“ sowie das Prinzip des „Vorrangs des Kindeswohls“ bei allen Entscheidungen öffentlicher oder privater Institutionen festgeschrieben. In diesem Beitrag sollen einige grundlegende Aspekte der Kinderrechtskonvention und der Monitorierung ihrer Umsetzung dargestellt sowie aktuelle Entwicklungen der Kinder- und Jugendmedizin in Deutschland im Licht der Konvention beleuchtet werden.
Rollen und Aufgaben damals und heute in den USA – und ein Ausblick nach Europa
Authors: Schiff Susanne
Published: December 2019

Chronische Erkrankungen und akute Erkrankungen und Verletzungen stellen Schulen auch national vor Herausforderungen. Das internationale Berufsbild der School Nurse – Schulgesundheitspflege – greift viele diese Herausforderungen als regelhaftes Angebot auf. Ein Potenzial auch für nationale Entwicklungen?
Automatisierte Zellzählung in Spenderhornhäuten aus Organkultur mittels „Deep Learning“ erreicht hohe Präzision und Genauigkeit
Authors: Heinzelmann Sonja , Daniel Moritz Claudius , Maier Philip Christian , Reinhard Thomas , Böhringer Daniel
Published: December 2019

Hintergrund Ein Hornhauttransplantat aus Organkultur darf i. d. R. nur verwendet werden, wenn präoperativ eine Endothelzelldichte von mindestens 2000 Zellen pro mm2 nachgewiesen ist. Die Messung der Endothelzelldichte ist dadurch erschwert, dass in der Phasenkontrastmikroskopie die Zellgrenzen der Endothelzellen nicht immer gut sichtbar sind und die zählbare Fläche durch quellungsbedingte Descemet-Falten limitiert ist. Bislang ist daher keine automatische Methode zur Endothelzelldichtebestimmung in Hornhauttransplantaten verfügbar. Das neuronale Netzwerk U-Net hat sich in der vollautomatischen Analyse von spiegelmikroskopischen Aufnahmen des Hornhautendothels bewährt. Ziel dieser Studie war die Anwendung des U-Net in der Qualitätssicherung von Hornhauttransplantaten.

Material und Methoden Das U-Net wurde zunächst anhand von 100 manuell markierten Befundungsbildern von Hornhäuten aus der Lions-Hornhautbank Baden-Württemberg trainiert. Für die Prüfung der Messgenauigkeit des U-Net wurden 100 weitere Befundungsbilder von der o. g. Hornhautbank zur Verfügung gestellt. Diese wurden jeweils von a) einer erfahrenen Befunderin und b) einem weniger erfahrenen Augenarzt manuell gezählt. Die identischen Bilder wurden vollautomatisch über das trainierte U-Net ausgezählt und dieses Ergebnis mit beiden manuellen Analysen mittels Pearson-Korrelation verglichen.

Ergebnisse Der Korrelationskoeffizient zwischen dem U-Net und der erfahren Untersucherin als „Goldstandard“ betrug 0,90. Der Korrelationskoeffizient des weniger erfahrenen Augenarztes mit dem Goldstandard betrug nur 0,81. Beide Korrelationen erwiesen sich als statistisch hochsignifikant (p < 0,0001).

Schlussfolgerung Die enge Korrelation des U-Net mit dem „Goldstandard“ deutet darauf hin, dass mit dem U-Net, die medizintechnische Zulassung vorausgesetzt, eine effektive Unterstützung in der Qualitätsbeurteilung von Hornhauttransplantaten in der Hornhautbank möglich ist. Dies hätte Vorteile für die Objektivität und die Arbeitseffizienz.
Heilmittel richtig und ohne Angst vor Regress verordnen
Authors: Dominok Antje
Published: December 2019

Trotz deutlicher Verbesserung der medikamentösen Therapieoptionen bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen sind physikalische Therapiemaßnahmen weiterhin ein wichtiger Bestandteil des Behandlungszyklus und werden in den Therapieleitlinien berücksichtigt. Besonders bei Funktionseinschränkungen von muskuloskeletalen Erkrankungen besitzen die physikalischen Therapieoptionen weiterhin ihre volle Berechtigung. Trotz dieser Tatsachen werden physikalische Therapien gerade von Rheumatologen relativ selten verschrieben. Die Ursache dieses Verhaltens mag in Unsicherheiten bezüglich der Verschreibungsfähigkeit dieser Heilmittel liegen. Diese Übersichtarbeit gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die wichtigsten Informationen bezüglich der Verordnung von diesen Therapien und beschreibt potenzielle Fallstricke mit dem Ziel die Verordnung dieser Heilmittel in der täglichen Praxis zu erleichtern.
Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Three-Component 1,2-Diamination of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes
Authors: Lee Sumin , Jang Young Jin , Phipps Erik J. T. , Lei Honghui , Rovis Tomislav
Published: December 2019

We report a three-component diamination of simple unactivated alkenes using an electrophilic nitrene source and amine nucleo­philes. The reaction provides rapid access to 1,2-vicinal diamines from terminal alkenes through a one-pot protocol. The transformation proceeds smoothly with excellent tolerance for a broad array of primary and secondary amines, affording the desired products in good yield and regioselectivity. The mechanism is proposed to proceed through a Rh(III)-catalyzed aziridination of alkenes with subsequent ring opening by primary or secondary amines.
Benziodoxole-Derived Organosulfonates: The Strongest Hypervalent Iodine Electrophiles and Oxidants
Authors: Zhdankin Viktor V. , Yusubov Mekhman S. , Postnikov Pavel , Yoshimura Akira
Published: December 2019

This account describes the development of organosulfonyloxy-substituted iodine(III) and iodine(V) benziodoxole derived reagents, which are thermally stable compounds with useful reactivity patterns. Iodine(III) benziodoxoles and pseudobenziodoxoles are powerful electrophiles and mild oxidants toward various unsaturated compounds. In particular, pseudocyclic benziodoxole-derived triflate (IBA-OTf) is an efficient reagent for oxidative heteroannulation reactions. Aldoximes react with nitriles in the presence of IBA-OTf at room temperature to give 1,2,4-oxadiazoles in high yields. Moreover, IBA-triflate is used as a catalyst in oxidative heteroannulations with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid as the terminal oxidant. The iodine(V) benziodoxole derived tosylates, DMP-tosylate and IBX-tosylate, are superior oxidants for the oxidation of structurally diverse, synthetically useful alcohols, utilized as key precursors in the total syntheses of polyketide antibiotics and terpenes. And finally, the most powerful hypervalent iodine(V) oxidant, 2-iodoxybenzoic acid ditriflate (IBX·2HOTf), is prepared by treatment of IBX with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. According to the X-ray data, the I–OTf bonds in IBX-ditriflate have ionic character, leading to the high reactivity of this reagent in various oxidations. In particular, IBX-ditriflate can oxidize polyfluorinated primary alcohols, which are generally extremely resistant to oxidation.

1 Introduction

2 Iodine(III) Benziodoxole Based Organosulfonates

3 Pseudocyclic Iodine(III) Benziodoxole Triflate (IBA-triflate)

4 Pseudocyclic Iodine(III) Benziodoxole Tosylates

5 Iodine(V) Benziodoxole Derived Tosylates

6 Iodine(V) Benziodoxole Derived Triflate (IBX-ditriflate)

7 Conclusions
Particle-in-cell simulations of density peak formation and ion heating from short pulse laser-driven ponderomotive steepening
Authors: Smith Joseph R. , Orban Chris , Ngirmang Gregory K. , Morrison John T. , George Kevin M. , Chowdhury Enam A. , Roquemore W. M.
Published: December 2019

We use two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and simple analytic models to investigate the laser-plasma interaction known as ponderomotive steepening. When normally incident laser light reflects at the critical surface of a plasma, the resulting standing electromagnetic wave modifies the electron density profile via the ponderomotive force, which creates peaks in the electron density separated by approximately half of the laser wavelength. What is less well studied is how this charge imbalance accelerates ions toward the electron density peaks, modifying the ion density profile of the plasma. Idealized PIC simulations with an extended underdense plasma shelf are used to isolate the dynamics of ion density peak growth for a 42 fs pulse from an 800 nm laser with an intensity of 1018 W cm−2. These simulations exhibit sustained longitudinal electric fields of 200 GV m−1, which produce countersteaming populations of ions reaching a few kilo-electron-volt in energy. We compare these simulations to theoretical models, and we explore how ion energy depends on factors such as the plasma density and the laser wavelength, pulse duration, and intensity. We also provide relations for the strength of longitudinal electric fields and an approximate time scale for the density peaks to develop. These conclusions may be useful for investigating the phenomenon of ponderomotive steepening as advances in laser technology allow shorter and more intense pulses to be produced at various wavelengths. We also discuss the parallels with other work studying the interference from two counterpropagating laser pulses.
Experimental observation of coexisting electromagnetic fluctuations correlating with the inter-ELM pedestal evolution on EAST
Authors: Lan H. , Chen R. , Xu G. S. , Yan N. , Chen L. , Zhang H. , Ye Y. , Lan T. , Sun P. J. , Xu J. C. , Lin X. , Wang Y. F. , Yang Q. Q. , Zhao H. L. , He K. Y. , Shi T. H. , Wang Y. M. , Zang Q. , Liu H. Q. , Duan Y. M. , Chen Y. J. , Meng L. Y. , Zhou C. , Li Y. Y. , Zhang W. , Wang L. , Zhou T. F. ,   the EAST Team
Published: December 2019

Correlations between the edge fluctuations and the pedestal evolution during the relatively large edge localized mode (ELM) cycles at high pedestal normalized electron collisionality (νe,ped* > 1) on the EAST tokamak are investigated. Not only the edge electrostatic coherent mode (ECM, ∼50 kHz) and the low frequency magnetic coherent mode (MCM, ∼32 kHz) but also a high frequency electromagnetic mode (HFM, >150 kHz) are observed to be coexisting between ELMs. After the ELM crash, the pedestal electron temperature recovered faster than the pedestal electron density. It is found that the saturation of the ECM coincides more with the saturation of the pedestal electron density, while the saturation of the HFM and MCM coincides more with the saturation of the pedestal electron temperature. In addition, the characteristics of the electromagnetic fluctuations (the HFM and MCM) are studied in detail: the HFM propagates in the electron diamagnetic drift direction in the laboratory frame with an average poloidal wave number of k¯θHFM≈0.17 cm−1, while the MCM propagates in the ion diamagnetic drift direction in the laboratory frame with k¯θMCM ≈ 0.12 cm−1 and the toroidal mode number of n = 1. Furthermore, both the HFM and MCM have inward average radial wave numbers of k¯RHFM≈0.13 cm−1 and k¯RMCM≈4.64 cm−1. The bispectral analysis shows that the HFM and MCM have strong nonlinear interactions. The HFM is clearly observed on both low and high field side Mirnov coils, which might suggest a feature beyond a ballooning type instability, e.g., the kinetic ballooning mode. These studies may contribute to a better understanding of the pedestal evolution.
Gyrokinetic investigation of the ASDEX Upgrade I-mode pedestal
Authors: Stimmel K. , Bañón Navarro A. , Happel T. , Told D. , Görler T. , Wolfrum E. , Martin Collar J. P. , Fischer R. , Schneider P. A. , Jenko F. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: December 2019

Characterizing pedestal turbulence in the tokamak I-mode is a crucial step in understanding how particle and heat transport decouple during I-mode operation. This work models an ASDEX Upgrade I-mode discharge for the first time via linear and nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations with the GENE code. L-mode and I-mode regimes at two different pedestal locations are investigated. A microtearing mode that is not apparent in initial value linear L-mode simulations is found to dominate in I-mode simulations at both radial positions, and ion-scale instabilities are characterized for all four scenarios linearly. Computed nonlinear heat flux values approach experimental measurements with nominal input parameters in three of the four cases, and heat transport is found to be dominated by ion-scale electrostatic turbulence. Electrostatic potential oscillation frequencies, as well as potential-temperature and potential-density crossphases, are compared linearly and nonlinearly, and agreement is found at wavenumber ranges corresponding to peaks in the simulated heat flux spectra at one radial position for L-mode and I-mode.
Antireflection coating on organic nonlinear optical crystals using soft materials
Authors: Uchida Hirohisa , Koyama Chisa , Takagi Takeshi , Wang Peibin , Kamei Takayuki , Kawase Kodo , Takeya Kei
Published: December 2019

We have realized practical antireflection (AR) coatings for organic nonlinear optical crystals via dip coating of soft materials; specifically, the amorphous fluoropolymer Cytop. 4-N, N-dimethylamino-4′-N′-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) crystals were coated with a Cytop solution; the coating thickness was controlled by the Cytop solution concentration. The Cytop coating did not show evidence of cracking or peeling after 200 days. The transmittance of AR-coated DAST crystals using a 5% Cytop solution was 90.9% at 1560 nm, an improvement of 17.8% compared to that before coating. High repeatability of the improvement was also confirmed. Moreover, the AR-coated DAST crystal was confirmed to have a stable transmittance over 720 minutes against the irradiation of a femtosecond laser with a power density of 3.6 GW/cm2. The ability to coat organic nonlinear optical crystals with an AR layer using soft materials is expected to have a wide range of optical applications.
Contraction of a shear-thinning axisymmetric cavity
Authors: Lu Jiakai , Ferri Michele , Ubal Sebastian , Campanella Osvaldo , Corvalan Carlos M.
Published: December 2019

We investigate the capillary driven collapse of a small contracting cavity or hole in a shear-thinning fluid. We find that shear-thinning effects accelerate the collapse of the cavity by decreasing the apparent liquid viscosity near the cavity’s moving front. Scaling arguments are used to derive a power-law relationship between the size of the cavity and the rate of collapse. The scaling predictions are then corroborated and fully characterized using high-fidelity simulations. The new findings have implications for natural and technological systems including neck collapse during microbubble pinch-off, the integrity of perforated films and biological membranes, the stability of bubbles and foams in the food industry, and the fabrication of nanopore based biosensors.
DMSO induced dehydration of heterogeneous lipid bilayers and its impact on their structures
Authors: Kumari Pratibha , Kashyap Hemant K.
Published: December 2019

Recently, we have reported that higher concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) exhibit an enhancement in the structural ordering of the homogeneous N-palmitoyl-sphingomyelin (PSM) bilayer, whereas the presence of DMSO at lower concentrations leads to minor destabilization of the PSM bilayer structure. In this study, we aim to understand how these two modes of action of DMSO diversify for heterogeneous bilayers by employing atomistic molecular dynamic simulations. A binary bilayer system comprising PSM and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and a ternary bilayer system consisting of cholesterol along with PSM and POPC are the two heterogeneous biomimetic bilayers studied herein. We have simulated both the mixed lipid bilayer systems at 323 K, which is above the main phase transition temperature of the PSM lipid. This study reveals that DMSO exerts contrasting effects on the structure and stability of mixed bilayer systems, depending on its concentration. At 5 mol% of DMSO, the binary bilayer system shows slight disordering of lipid tails in conjunction with an appreciable increase in the area per lipid (APL), whereas for the ternary bilayer system, the orientational ordering of the lipid tails does not alter much; however, a slight expansion in the APL is observed. On the other hand, at 20 mol% of DMSO, an appreciable increase in the ordering of lipid tails for both the mixed bilayer systems occurs, depicting an enhancement in the structural stability of the bilayers. Furthermore, the H-bond analysis reveals that water-lipid H-bonding interaction decreases with increasing concentration of DMSO. We also observe contraction of the water-lipid interfacial region, pointing out DMSO induced dehydration at the lipid head-group region, and the dehydration effect is prominent for 20 mol% of DMSO. Furthermore, the computed free energies suggest that the free energy required for the transfer of a DMSO molecule from the lipid head-group region to the lipid head-tail interface is higher for the cholesterol containing ternary bilayer.