bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deformation behavior of auxetic woven fabric based on re-entrant hexagonal geometry in different tensile directions
Authors: Kamrul Hasan , Zulifqar Adeel , Hu Hong
Published: August 2019

Auxetic woven fabrics made of non-auxetic yarns have gained the interest of textile scientists in recent times. Such fabrics have already been produced and investigated for their negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) effect in two principle directions. However, the NPR effect of these fabrics in different biased tensile directions has not been studied. In particular, the influence of repeated tensile loading on the NPR effect retention ability of fabric has not been explored yet. Therefore, this paper aims to report the NPR effect of auxetic woven fabric in different tensile directions and the influence of repeating tensile cycle tests on its NPR effect retention ability. The auxetic woven fabric is firstly fabricated based on a re-entrant hexagonal geometrical structure by using elastic and non-elastic yarns, and then subjected to single and repeating tensile tests in five different tensile directions, which include two principle directions and three biased directions. It is found that the NPR effect is largely dependent upon the tensile direction and the number of repeating tensile cycles.
Register Change in the British and Australian Hansard (1901-2015)
Authors: Kruger Haidee , van Rooy Bertus , Smith Adam
Published: August 2019

“Colloquialization,” and anti-colloquial effects such as “densification,” have been shown to shape register change in English, with Australian English showing stronger effects of colloquiality than British English. Parliamentary Hansard records are at the intersection of writing and speech and are subject to various influencing factors possibly leading to change in this register, which we represent in a conceptual model. We apply Biber’s (1988) method of multidimensional analysis to examine the co-occurrence of linguistic features in the British and Australian Hansard over five consecutive time periods. The data provide evidence of shared as well as differentiated effects of colloquialization and densification across the two varieties. The evidence also points to a new type of anti-colloquial trend observed in the parliamentary register, whereby presentation of information appears to be taking the place of a more interactive and interpersonally oriented style, a trend we term “monologization.”
A Spotlight on Contemporary Language and Social Psychology Research: Selected Proceedings From the 16th International Conference on Language and Social Psychology
Authors: Pitts Margaret J.
Published: August 2019

This introduction to the special issue offers a brief report on the proceedings from the 16th International Conference on Language and Social Psychology (ICLASP16) and concludes with an invitation to participate in the upcoming ICLASP17 (Hong Kong, 2020). The nine papers selected for this special issue represent the diversity of scholarship and methodology presented at ICLASP16 (held in Edmonton, Canada, 2018). It includes student debut work, student-faculty collaborative pieces, keynote addresses, competitive papers, and an invited state-of-the-scholarship review.
Flow Experiences and Willingness to Communicate: Connecting Scottish Gaelic Language and Traditional Music
Authors: MacIntyre Peter D. , Ross Jessica , Sparling Heather
Published: August 2019

This brief report examines correlations between intense, highly motivating flow experiences, perceptions of competence, and willingness to communicate in both language and music, in the context of Scottish Gaelic and traditional music. The sample of 54 persons, mostly from Canada and Scotland, was contacted via Facebook groups. The frequency of flow experiences correlated highly between language and music contexts. Correlations for willingness to communicate/play and perceived competence with language and music also are reported. Results are interpreted as reflecting a combination of social (e.g., identity) and personality-based (e.g., autotelic) processes.
At the Heart of ExcELLENce: Myth or Reality?
Authors: von Károlyi Catya
Published: August 2019

This report is a contribution to Ellen Winner’s Festschrift from a very fond former student and collaborator.
Childhood Facial Palsy: Etiologic Factors and Clinical Findings, an Observational Retrospective Study
Authors: Hanci Fatma , Türay Sevim , Bayraktar Zehra , Kabakuş Nimet
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the etiologic factors, clinical characteristics, seasonal distributions, family history, response to corticosteroid therapy, recurrence and residual paralysis rates, and factors affecting these in pediatric facial palsy. Patients aged <18 years diagnosed with acute peripheral facial palsy were included in the study. Demographic data and clinical findings were retrieved from patients’ records. The study was completed with 113 patients. Causes were idiopathic in 74 (65.4%) cases. Complete healing was not achieved in 6 (5.3%) patients, and recurrence was observed in 11 (9.7%). None of the patients with residual paralysis used corticosteroid, but all the patients with recurrence had employed them. We determined that young age may have an adverse impact on complication development and that corticosteroid therapy may be useful in the healing process in idiopathic facial nerve palsy. In conclusion, age may have an adverse impact in idiopathic facial nerve palsy, whereas corticosteroid therapy has a positive effect.
Fluid–solid coupling numerical simulation for the performance prediction and valve dynamic analysis of a rotary compressor
Authors: Deng Wen-Juan , Zhang Ying-li , Zhu Zhi-Peng , Yue Xiang-Ji , Ba De-Chun , Che Shu-Gang
Published: August 2019

To predict the performance of a rotary compressor and study the dynamic coupling characteristics of the valve, a three-dimensional dynamic model of the compressor is constructed in this paper. The model adopts the fluid–solid interaction method and the dynamic grid technique to achieve coupled reed valve motion. Meanwhile, to solve the problem of grid deformation caused by large deformation of the valve plate, a user-defined dynamic grid method is used to realize grid updating in the deformed area based on computational fluid dynamics method and the ideas of spring smoothing method. The model is validated with a cooling capacity error of 6.07% and an indicated power error of 2%. The stress, the displacement, the velocity and the pressure of the valve is analyzed. The flow characteristics and the dynamic characteristics of the valve plate obtained provide a reference for the design of the compressor.
HPV-Related Multiphenotypic Sinonasal Carcinoma: A Unique Case
Authors: Ching Daniel , Pirasteh Shadi , Ly Chanh
Published: August 2019

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HMSC), originally known as HPV-related carcinoma with adenoid cystic carcinoma-like features, is a recently described neoplasm that presents only in the sinonasal tract, displays features of both a surface-derived carcinoma and a salivary gland carcinoma, and is associated with high-risk HPV, specifically HPV type 33. Majority of the cases display high-grade histologic features, but HMSC paradoxically behaves in a relatively indolent fashion. Distinguishing HMSC from other histologic mimickers is essential as the management and prognosis are significantly different. In this article, we present a unique case of HMSC and review the literature.
Changes in healthy behaviour knowledge of rural pupils
Authors: Lorenz Kent A , Stylianou Michalis , Kulinna Pamela Hodges
Published: August 2019

This study was informed by the body of literature on pupil knowledge and its potential contributions to developing healthy and active lifestyles, along with the focus of various current national physical education standards on cognitive outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of conceptual-based intervention programmes in two rural schools on pupils’ healthy behaviour knowledge. Schools used a similar intervention model of healthy behaviour concepts taught as part of physical education classes, by classroom teachers, and in wellness week activities. The intervention in both schools was based on the Fitness for Life curricular model (i.e. materials for classroom teachers and for physical education teachers). Pupil healthy behaviour knowledge was tracked over time to determine the impact of the intervention programmes. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare average percentage of correct responses within school, across time within a year, and across years. ANOVA results showed a significant main effect for grade ( F(5, 1152) = 33.10, p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.125), school ( F(1, 1152) = 75.23, p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.061), time ( F(1, 1152) = 164.71, p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.125), and year ( F(1, 1152) = 6.27, p = 0.012, η2 = 0.005), and a significant three-way interaction among grade, time, and year ( F(13, 1152) = 6.76, p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.07). The findings of this study suggest that pupils can acquire healthy behaviour knowledge using several different intervention points of instruction, particularly in rural areas. This study also highlights the need to help pupils in these settings improve their healthy behaviour content knowledge.
Coping strategies in adolescence and labour-market participation in young adulthood: A prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Billeskov Lea , Labriola Merete , Stabell Cecilie L. , Dieckmann Mathilde H. , Jensen Nanna H. , Winding Trine N. , Andersen Johan H. , Lindholdt Louise , Hansen claus d. , Lund Thomas
Published: August 2019

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate whether coping strategies in adolescence (14–15 years of age) were associated with labour-market participation (LMP) in young adulthood (25–26 years of age) and whether the association differed by sex. Methods: A birth cohort from the former county of Ringkjoebing, Denmark, consisting of 2826 individuals, comprised the study population. In 2004, the study population completed a questionnaire from which information about coping and covariates were gathered. Coping strategies were measured using five sub-scales of the Brief COPE Scale, which were combined into two overall coping strategies: active coping and avoidant coping. Ten years later, the participants were followed for a 52-week period in a register on social benefits. Logistic regression was applied to data, with adjustment for covariates: sex, parents’ socio-economic status (education and income) and self-rated health. Results: A total of 2203 (78%) participants were categorised as high LMP at follow-up. No significant associations were found between active coping in adolescence and LMP in 2014/2015. For avoidant coping, in the fully adjusted model, medium-level avoidant coping was associated with higher odds (odds ratio (OR)=1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83–1.25) of high LMP. For low avoidant coping, the OR was 1.37 (95% 1.07–1.75). For both coping strategies, sex did not modify the association. Conclusions: Findings showed that avoidant coping was significantly associated with high LMP. Further research is needed to investigate coping in relation to specific problem areas.
Preadolescent Peer Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Tener Dafna , Katz Carmit
Published: August 2019

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a worldwide social problem which has received much attention from policy makers, researchers, and practitioners. A considerable portion of CSA research has focused on adult offenders, the result of which is that most of our existing knowledge regarding prevention and intervention has been based on abuse perpetrated by this population. The current literature review, by contrast, was designed to spotlight the phenomenon of preadolescent peer sexual abuse (PAPSA), focusing on children ages 12 and under, using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The results revealed scant empirical data, with only nine studies focusing on this phenomenon. As the basis of their investigations, most of the reviewed studies used definitions of sexual harassment among peers, rather than definitions of more severe forms of sexual abuse, and showed conflicting results depending on the ages and genders of the peers involved. In addition, prevention programs for peer sexual abuse/harassment were not targeted toward preadolescents. Additional findings indicated a lack of empirical knowledge with respect to core aspects such as victims’ personal characteristics and subjective experience, the dynamic of the abuse, and the disclosure process. This systematic literature review emphasizes the need for an in-depth and thorough conceptualization and empirical examination of the PAPSA phenomenon and its unique characteristics.
Inhibition of CD133 Overcomes Cisplatin Resistance Through Inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway and Autophagy in CD133-Positive Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Lu Ruiqi , Zhao Gang , Yang Yulong , Jiang Zhaoyan , Cai Jingli , Hu Hai
Published: August 2019

Cisplatin is widely used as the standard gastric cancer treatment, but the relapse and metastasis are common as intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. CD133 has been widely known to be associated with chemoresistance in various cancer cells. In this study, we focused on investigating the function and mechanism of CD133 underlying cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cell line KATO-III. We detected CD133 expression by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot and found that expression of CD133 was upregulated in cisplatin resistance of KATO-III cells (Cis-KATO-III) compared with KATO-III cells, indicating the role of CD133 in regulating cisplatin resistance of KATO-III cells. Then we sorted the Cis-KATO-III cells into CD133-positive (CD133+) pools and measured the proliferation and apoptosis after the cell is transfected with pc-CD133 and sh-CD133 by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry. The results showed that the inhibition of CD133 inhibited the cell viability and promoted the cell apoptosis after cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, we found that inhibition of CD133 downregulated the expression of PI3K/AKT and promoted the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin, thus inhibited the autophagic activity in the Cis-KATO-III cells after cisplatin treatment. Besides, we also verified the effects of CD133 in vivo. The results indicated that inhibition of CD133 enhanced the Cis-KATO-III cell sensitivity to cisplatin by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In summary, our data provide new insight that CD133 activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling transduction pathway, resulting in activation of autophagy and cisplatin resistance of Cis-KATO-III cells. These results may offer a novel therapeutic target in cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer.
‘Seeing a conspiracy around every corner’: Paranoia as procedural in Tony Marchant’s The Whistleblowers (2007)
Authors: Oldham Joseph
Published: August 2019

The Whistleblowers is an unusual example of a British television conspiracy drama. Developed by Tony Marchant for ITV as a competitor to the BBC’s Spooks, it centred on ordinary people struggling with the ethics of reporting malpractice in state or corporate institutions. This was invested with verisimilitude through advice from the whistleblowing charity Public Concern at Work, though kept in tension with generic expectations of the conspiracy thriller. Unlike most British conspiracy dramas, The Whistleblowers was not a serial but a procedural with stand-alone episodic conspiracies, creating a vision of conspiracy not as escalating crisis but as ‘standard operating procedure’.
Getting into character: Narrative form, motivation and Treme’s Harley Watt
Authors: Harriss Chandler
Published: August 2019

This essay explores the utility of the formalist concept of motivation as a way to interrogate the textual and cultural operation of a TV character, Harley Watt from HBO’s Treme (2010–2013). Peeling the layers of character construction reveals how signs convey meaning and confine interpretation. This analytic process highlights how performers and character connect, in this instance, with how the casting of singer-songwriter Steve Earle as a musician with a social conscience imports knowledge of him, his music and history. Ultimately, this essay contributes to the body of research that explores characters as creative and cultural constructs.
Sequential patterns in SMS and WhatsApp dialogues: Practices for coordinating actions and managing topics
Authors: König Katharina
Published: August 2019

In computer-mediated communication, users cannot ensure that responsive postings are placed in a directly adjacent position. Yet, paired actions are discernible in which a first pair part (FPP) makes a second pair part (SPP) conditionally relevant. While previous studies of short messaging service (SMS) communication show that users usually send clusters of FPPs and that SPPs are ordered in the same chronology, little is known about sequential practices of dealing with multiple FPPs in text-based WhatsApp communication. This article shows that in German WhatsApp dialogues, users apply a chronological as well as a reversed ordering of SPPs. It is argued that this result can only be partly attributed to the affordances of the mobile messenger. Rather, users arrange SPPs in order to foreground particular topics in extended, chat-like dialogues.
Authoritarianism, education and the limits of political socialisation in Egypt
Authors: Mirshak Nadim
Published: August 2019

President al-Sisi has declared 2019 to be the ‘Year of Education’, whereby a National Project is to be launched to reform the education system. These proposed reforms are crucial, yet the politics driving them and their implications for al-Sisi’s regime remain unclear. Discussions surrounding how education is political and can help protect authoritarian regimes have largely been understated in the existing literature. This paper’s objective is to encourage a critical outlook through utilising a Gramscian approach that considers education to be a politically contested domain. This approach views education as a hegemonic apparatus capable of developing consent through politically socialising the populace into accepting certain knowledge, attitudes and behaviour conducive to the regimes in power. By analysing the education system under Nasser, Sadat and Mubarak, I illustrate the extent to which education has been politicised through its attempts to serve and legitimise their regimes and objectives, and outline the challenges that hindered their abilities to protect their hegemony and assume complete control over education. Questioning the political, economic and socio-cultural basis on which the Egyptian education system is premised can enable us to avoid reproducing its existing problems, and importantly, reconsider the relationship between politics and education under al-Sisi’s Egypt.
How does a 4-week motor–cognitive training affect choice reaction, dynamic balance and cognitive performance ability? A randomized controlled trial in well-trained, young, healthy participants
Authors: Niederer Daniel , Plaumann Ulrike , Seitz Tanja , Wallner Franziska , Wilke Jan , Engeroff Tobias , Giesche Florian , Vogt Lutz , Banzer Winfried
Published: August 2019

Background:

We aimed to investigate the potential effects of a 4-week motor–cognitive dual-task training on cognitive and motor function as well as exercise motivation in young, healthy, and active adults.

Methods:

A total of 26 participants (age 25 ± 2 years; 10 women) were randomly allocated to either the intervention group or a control group. The intervention group performed a motor–cognitive training (3×/week), while the participants of the control group received no intervention. Before and after the intervention period of 4 weeks, all participants underwent cognitive (d2-test, Trail Making Test) and motor (lower-body choice reaction test and time to stabilization test) assessments. Following each of the 12 workouts, self-reported assessments (rating of perceived exertion, enjoyment and pleasant anticipation of the next training session) were done. Analyses of covariances and 95% confidence intervals plotting for between group and time effects were performed.

Results:

Data from 24 participants were analysed. No pre- to post-intervention improvement nor a between-group difference regarding motor outcomes (choice-reaction: F = 0.5; time to stabilization test: F = 0.7; p > 0.05) occurred. No significant training-induced changes were found in the cognitive tests (D2: F = 0.02; Trail Making Test A: F = 0.24; Trail Making Test B: F = 0.002; p > 0.05). Both enjoyment and anticipation of the next workout were rated as high.

Discussion:

The neuro-motor training appears to have no significant effects on motor and cognitive function in healthy, young and physically active adults. This might be explained in part by the participants’ very high motor and cognitive abilities, the comparably low training intensity or the programme duration. The high degree of exercise enjoyment, however, may qualify the training as a facilitator to initiate and maintain regular physical activity. The moderate to vigorous intensity levels further point towards potential health-enhancing cardiorespiratory effects.
Allogeneic reactivity–mediated endothelial cell complications after HSCT: a plea for consensual definitions
Authors: Pagliuca Simona , Michonneau David , Sicre de Fontbrune Flore , Sutra del Galy Aurélien , Xhaard Aliénor , Robin Marie , Peffault de Latour Régis , Socie Gérard
Published: August 2019

Endothelial cell (EC) activation has been suspected of triggering a group of rare and dismal complications that can occur after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Capillary leak syndrome, engraftment syndrome, transplant-associated microangiopathy, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, and idiopathic pneumonia syndrome are the main nosological entities. Post-HSCT endotheliitis can be triggered by chemotherapy, infections, and calcineurin inhibitors, but allogeneic reactivity is claimed to be the common denominator. Endothelial damages are thought to activate several deleterious pathways (proapoptotic, procoagulant, proinflammatory) and can lead to multiorgan failure; however, clinical manifestations of each syndrome overlap, and their relationship with graft-versus-host disease could be minimal. The lack of well-defined diagnostic criteria does not allow for a clear-cut comparison in the current literature. Therapeutic efforts have been made to intercept the pathogenic mechanisms leading to EC dysfunction, but remission rates and survival remain mostly unsatisfactory. In this article, we have reviewed the incidence, clinical features, and treatment approaches of EC activation syndromes, and we plead for the development of internationally accepted standard definitions.
Determining the clinical knowledge and practice of Australian podiatrists on children with developmental coordination disorder: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Smith Mitchell , Banwell Helen A. , Ward Emily , Williams Cylie M.
Published: August 2019

Background

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a common condition in children affecting motor coordination. This impacts on academic performance, and activities of daily living. Literature surrounding interventions for DCD has focused mostly on physical and occupational therapies. However, it is known that children with DCD present to podiatrists as these children often also have abnormalities in lower limb functioning associated with the condition. This study aimed to determine current knowledge of Australian podiatrists regarding presentation, assessment, and management of children with developmental coordination disorder.

Methods

A single‐round survey, developed using SurveyMonkey®, was completed by a sample of Australian podiatrists. Data were collected through either online or paper means. Participants were asked about their familiarity with DCD and depending on their response, were directed via skip logic to questions on presentation, assessment and management strategies of DCD in children. Participants were also asked about their willingness and preferences for further education on DCD. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data.

Results

There were 365 Australian podiatrists who completed the survey. There were 30% (n = 109) who reported being familiar with DCD as a diagnosis, while a further 37% (n = 134) reported familiarity with alternate or outdated terminology associated with the DCD diagnosis. Participants who were familiar with DCD or terminology relating to DCD, showed good knowledge of signs and symptoms associated with DCD. Both familiar and unfamiliar participants favoured referral to other health professionals over completing assessments. Common podiatric management strategies such as footwear advice, orthoses, and strength training were the most frequently chosen by both groups, despite current evidence only supporting strength training as an intervention. Participants were willing to receive education on DCD through a range of both online and in‐person mediums.

Conclusion

The majority of Australian podiatrists were unfamiliar with DCD, despite its prevalence and symptomology falling within the podiatric scope. However, participants did overwhelmingly show willingness to receive further education on DCD. Further research should consider understanding the role of podiatrists in the assessment and management of children with DCD and the impact of the type of treatment strategies that may be provided.
Population segmentation based on healthcare needs: a systematic review
Authors: Chong Jia Loon , Lim Ka Keat , Matchar David Bruce
Published: August 2019

Background

Healthcare needs-based population segmentation is a promising approach for enabling the development and evaluation of integrated healthcare service models that meet healthcare needs. However, healthcare policymakers interested in understanding adult population healthcare needs may not be aware of suitable population segmentation tools available for use in the literature and barring better-known alternatives, may reinvent the wheel by creating and validating their own tools rather than adapting available tools in the literature. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review to identify all available tools which operationalize healthcare need-based population segmentation, to help inform policymakers developing population-level health service programmes.

Methods

Using search terms reflecting concepts of population, healthcare need and segmentation, we systematically reviewed and included articles containing healthcare need-based adult population segmentation tools in PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. We included tools comprising mutually exclusive segments with prognostic value for clinically relevant outcomes. An updated secondary search on the PubMed database was also conducted as the last search was conducted 2 years ago. All identified tools were characterized in terms of segment formulation, segmentation base, whether they received peer-reviewed validation, requirement for comprehensive electronic medical records, proprietary status and number of segments.

Results

A total of 16 unique tools were identified from systematically reviewing 9970 articles. Peer-reviewed validation studies were found for 9 of these tools.

Discussion and conclusions

The underlying segmentation basis of most identified tools was found to be conceptually comparable to each other which suggests a broad recognition of archetypical patient overall healthcare need profiles. While many tools operate based on administrative record data, it is noted that healthcare systems without comprehensive electronic medical records would benefit from tools which segment populations through primary data collection. Future work could therefore include development and validation of such primary data collection-based tools. While this study is limited by exclusion of non-English literature, the identified and characterized tools will nonetheless facilitate efforts by policymakers to improve patient-centred care through development and evaluation of services tailored for specific populations segmented by these tools.
Complete Resolution of Sellar Metastasis in a Patient With NSCLC Treated With Osimertinib
Authors: Fan WuQiang , Sloane Jason , Nachtigall Lisa B
Published: August 2019

Non–small cell lung cancer with pituitary metastasis (NSCLC-PM) is a devastating disease; however, treatment is being revolutionized by a novel therapy targeting highly specific tumor signals, such as the mutation of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs). Long-term management of hormonal defects in this population has become a unique neuroendocrine clinical challenge. We report the case of a 73-year-old female nonsmoker who was diagnosed with stage IV non–small cell lung cancer. The initial staging evaluation revealed a 7 × 11 × 21-mm sellar lesion abutting the optic chiasm and causing clinical hypopituitarism. The patient received three cycles of chemotherapy with carboplatin and pemetrexed, which was discontinued because of major cumulative side effects of myelosuppression and kidney disease. Eight months later, scans demonstrated evidence of disease progression. A repeated lung nodule biopsy revealed an EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation. EGFR-targeted therapy with osimertinib 80 mg daily was initiated. A complete resolution of the pituitary lesion was evident on a follow-up pituitary MRI 5 weeks later and was sustained 1 year after. However, the panhypopituitarism persisted. This is an illustrative case of NSCLC-PM with EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation, wherein osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR‒tyrosine kinase inhibitor, eradicated the sellar metastasis and prevented the need for radiotherapy. However, the neuroendocrine deficits persisted despite anatomic improvement.
Atypical Tibial Fracture in a 63-Year-Old Woman With Intermittent Use of Bisphosphonate Unmasking Hypophosphatasia
Authors: Malabu Usman H , Lockett Jack , Lyster Emma , Maguire John , Tan YongMong
Published: August 2019

We report an unusual case of atypical proximal tibial stress fracture (APTF) associated with intermittent use of bisphosphonates (BPs) and persistently low serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. We describe the case of a 63-year-old white woman who had experienced an APTF after 4 years of intermittent exposure to alendronate given for recurrent metatarsal stress fractures. BP administration was stopped after the diagnosis of the APTF. A review of her previous serum ALP levels revealed they had been consistently low. Adult hypophosphatasia (HPP) was diagnosed by the low serum ALP activity and elevated urine phosphoethanolamine levels. She was treated conservatively with analgesics. Adult HPP is an underrecognized condition associated with atypical insufficiency fractures, and BP use compounds this risk. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of intermittent BP exposure preceding an APTF in an adult patient with HPP, highlighting the uncommon site of the proximal tibia for BP-associated atypical insufficiency fractures, the need to screen for HPP in those with persistently low ALP levels before they begin BP therapy, and the importance of avoiding BP use in those with HPP.
Trans/Criptions
Authors: Thornton Max
Published: August 2019

Phenomenological theology can provide a helpful reframing of the bodily rituals of transgender and disabled experience, embracing the ways in which they waste time and energy and sacralizing this waste as a microtactic of resistance to oppression and a site for the in-breaking of the transcendent in the everyday. Using Rosemarie Garland-Thomson's model of the misfit, trans and disabled experience can be understood as a temporal misfitting under the cis and abled norms of neoliberal capitalism, which seeks to contain, suppress, or eliminate their inefficient, flexible, and waste time. A coalitional politics of trans/crip misfitting must resist the capacitating imperatives of normative time, instead leaning into the rupture created by trans/crip time as a space-time of potentiality and openness to alterity. The theological thought of Jean-Yves Lacoste can help frame the little rituals and bodily practices of trans and crip life as de Certeauvian microtactics that embody resistance to the coercions of neoliberal capitalism and, through their very frustration and difficulty, as sites of possibility for true liturgical experience.
Levush Project
Authors: Waxman Tobaron
Published: August 2019

The Levush Project is a series of originally designed hand-fabricated textiles consisting only of syringes and pharmaceutical packaging for testosterone treatments Tobaron Waxman used since the early 2000s. The focus of the project is the research and development of these textiles, for creation of wearable artworks to be worn in choreographic and vocal performances.
Embracing Inherent Chaos
Authors: Domenack Damien Pascal
Published: August 2019

In The Soul of the Stranger, Joy Ladin centers nonbinary gender expression in the first chapter of Genesis. Ladin articulates the opportunity for nonbinary gender categories by moving beyond the creation of the binary and focusing on Adam (humanity), who represents the whole of humanity. This review expands and creates an entry point for interreligious dialogue with African diasporic religions, by acknowledging humanity as a part of the interconnected balance of nature and recognizing the influence the Babylonian creation story, Enuma Elish, had on the the deep primordial oceanic chaos described as tehon in the Torah.
God>Cursing>Shaming>Blessing>Pride
Authors: Goh Joseph N.
Published: August 2019

This response to Joy Ladin's work attempts to articulate how a reconceptualization of God in terms of a “cursing” and “shaming” God might be theologically helpful. Rather than understanding God as cursing transgender people who ought to be ashamed of themselves, this response investigates what it is that God might curse, shame, bless, and bring to pride in relation to transgender people.
On Genesis
Authors: Bychowski M. W.
Published: August 2019

In this roundtable response to Joy Ladin's “Genesis of Gender,” the author affirms the possibilities for a theology of liberation arising from the book of Genesis but places a greater emphasis on humanity's cocreative and subcreative role in generation of gender. The author unpacks the act of naming in Genesis 2, specifically God's instruction for humanity to assign names to animals as the first act in a series of assigning meaning, associations, and genders to creation. The author argues that this role is complicated by the command to increase and multiply, which expands and transforms both creation and subcreative names of gender. This dynamism in creation and subcreation should prompt the regular liberation from inaccurate and oppressive gender identities, allowing for a greater degree of self-naming and self-composition.
Reliability of computed tomography-based renal cortex volume to determine split renal function in preoperative living kidney donors
Authors: Surawech Chuthaporn , Sasiwimonphan Kewalee
Published: August 2019

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of CT-based renal cortex volume to estimate split renal function (SRF) in pre-transplant living kidney donors and to evaluate its reliability to predict graft function in the recipients.

Methods:

Our study recruited all adult potential donors who had both Tc-99m-diethylenetriamine pentacetate (DTPA) scintigraphy and CT angiography of the abdominal aorta done before donating their kidney. We compared the correlation between CT-based renal cortex volume combined with kidney function and DTPA scan as well as post-donation kidney function in the recipients.

Results:

The correlation between CT-based split cortex volume and DTPA-measured SRF before transplantation was strong (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.954–0.968). The inter-rater reliability of two radiologists also showed substantial agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.97, p < 0.001). In contrast, the correlations between renal cortical volume of donated kidney adjusted to recipient body weight and recipient kidney function was poor at both 2 week and 2 year follow-up.

Conclusion:

CT-based renal cortex volume combined with pre-operative kidney function appears to be precise and reproducible to evaluate pre-transplant SRF. Nevertheless, the prediction of recipient graft function needs to be further investigated to ensure a good outcome.

Advances in knowledge:

This method is practicable for all potential donors who undergo kidney transplantation in terms of streamline donor workup without compromising information.
Effect of micro-computed tomography reconstruction protocols on bone fractal dimension analysis
Authors: Gaêta-Araujo Hugo , Oliveira-Santos Nicolly , Brasil Danieli Moura , do Nascimento Eduarda Helena Leandro , Madlum Daniela Verardi , Haiter-Neto Francisco , Oliveira-Santos Christiano de
Published: August 2019

Objectives:

To evaluate the influence of the level of three micro-CT reconstruction tools: beam-hardening correction (BHC), smoothing filter (SF), and ring artefact correction (RAC) on the fractal dimension (FD) analysis of trabecular bone.

Methods:

Five Wistar rats’ maxillae were individually scanned in a SkyScan 1174 micro-CT device, under the following settings: 50 kV, 800 µA, 10.2 µm voxel size, 0.5 mm Al filter, rotation step 0.5°, two frames average, 180° rotation and scan time of 35 min. The raw images were reconstructed under the standard protocol (SP) recommended by the manufacturer, a protocol without any artefact correction tools (P0) and 35 additional protocols with different combinations of SF, RAC and BHC levels. The same volume of interest was established in all reconstructions for each maxilla and the FD was calculated using the Kolmogorov (box counting) method. One-way ANOVA with Dunnet’s post-hoc test was used to compare the FD of each reconstruction protocol (P0–P35) with the SP (α = 5%). Multiple linear regression verified the dependency of reconstruction tools in FD.

Results:

Overall, FD values are not dependent on RAC (p = 0.965), but increased significantly when the level of BHC and SF increased (p < 0.001). FD values from protocols with BHC at 45% combined with SF of 2, and BHC at 30% combined with SF of 4 or 6 had no statistical difference compared to SP.

Conclusions:

BHC and SF tools affect the FD values of micro-CT images of the trabecular bone. Therefore, these reconstruction parameters should be standardized when the FD is analyzed.
Post-stroke cognition with the Oxford Cognitive Screen vs Montreal Cognitive Assessment: a multi-site randomized controlled study (OCS-CARE)
Authors: Demeyere Nele , Sun Shuo , Milosevich Elise , Vancleef Kathleen
Published: August 2019

Background: Cognitive impairment is common following stroke. The Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) was designed to assess focal post-stroke cognitive deficits in five domains. Here, we investigated whether results generated by the OCS vs the domain-general Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at baseline impacted patient outcomes at 6 months follow-up.  

Methods: Patients <2 months post-stroke were randomized to receive either the OCS and corresponding information leaflet or standard care with the MoCA at baseline. After 6 months, patients received both the OCS and MoCA. The primary registered outcome measures were the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) and change in stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NIHSS) at 6 months. The secondary outcome was change in cognitive performance from baseline to 6-month follow-up. The relationship between scores from the two cognitive screens at follow-up was also explored.

Results: A total of 821 patients from 37 different hospital or rehabilitation sites (England, UK) were recruited to the OCS-CARE study, with 467 completing 6-month follow-up. Patient outcomes defined by overall SIS scores and changes in NIHSS did not differ between the OCS or MoCA groups. There were high accordance rates between the OCS and MoCA at 6 months, with severity of cognitive impairment reflected in both screening tools. Cognitive performance in both groups over the 6-month follow-up declined in 22% of patients. A larger proportion of OCS group patients demonstrated improvements in cognitive scores (49% vs 40% in MoCA).

Conclusions: The type of cognitive screening test did not impact broad stroke outcome measures, and the two screening tools showed a high overall accordance. The results suggest that more of the domain-specific deficits in OCS recover subacutely, providing a more granular picture of cognitive recovery as well as decline.            

Registration: ISRCTN50857950; registered on 27/03/2014.
Scaled deployment of Wolbachia to protect the community from dengue and other Aedes transmitted arboviruses
Authors: O'Neill Scott L. , Ryan Peter A. , Turley Andrew P. , Wilson Geoff , Retzki Kate , Iturbe-Ormaetxe Inaki , Dong Yi , Kenny Nichola , Paton Christopher J. , Ritchie Scott A. , Brown-Kenyon Jack , Stanford Darren , Wittmeier Natalie , Jewell Nicholas P. , Tanamas Stephanie K. , Anders Katherine L. , Simmons Cameron P.
Published: August 2019

Background: A number of new technologies are under development for the control of mosquito transmitted viruses, such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika that all require the release of modified mosquitoes into the environment. None of these technologies has been able to demonstrate evidence that they can be implemented at a scale beyond small pilots. Here we report the first successful citywide scaled deployment of Wolbachia in the northern Australian city of Townsville.

Methods: The wMel strain of Wolbachia was backcrossed into a local Aedes aegypti genotype and mass reared mosquitoes were deployed as eggs using mosquito release containers (MRCs). In initial stages these releases were undertaken by program staff but in later stages this was replaced by direct community release including the development of a school program that saw children undertake releases. Mosquito monitoring was undertaken with Biogents Sentinel (BGS) traps and individual mosquitoes were screened for the presence of Wolbachia with a Taqman qPCR or LAMP diagnostic assay. Dengue case notifications from Queensland Health Communicable Disease Branch were used to track dengue cases in the city before and after release.

Results: Wolbachia was successfully established into local Ae. aegypti mosquitoes across 66 km2 in four stages over 28 months with full community support.  A feature of the program was the development of a scaled approach to community engagement. Wolbachia frequencies have remained stable since deployment and to date no local dengue transmission has been confirmed in any area of Townsville after Wolbachia has established, despite local transmission events every year for the prior 13 years and an epidemiological context of increasing imported cases.

Conclusion: Deployment of Wolbachia into Ae. aegypti populations can be readily scaled to areas of ~60km2 quickly and cost effectively and appears in this context to be effective at stopping local dengue transmission
Capturing data for emergency department performance monitoring purposes
Authors: McCabe Aileen , Brenner Maria , Larkin Philip , Nic An Fhailí Sinéad , Gannon Brenda , O'Sullivan Ronan , Wakai Abel
Published: August 2019

Background: Good-quality data is required for valid and reliable key performance indicators. Little is known of the facilitators and barriers of capturing the required data for emergency department key performance indicators. This study aimed to explore and understand how current emergency department data collection systems relevant to emergency department key performance indicators are integrated into routine service delivery, and to identify the resources required to capture these data elements.

Methods: Following pilot testing, we conducted two focus groups with a multi-disciplinary panel of 14 emergency department stakeholders drawn from urban and rural emergency departments, respectively. Focus groups were analyzed using Attride–Stirling’s framework for thematic network analysis.

Results: The global theme “Understanding facilitators and barriers for emergency department data collection systems” emerged from three organizing themes: “understanding current emergency department data collection systems”; “achieving the ideal emergency department data capture system for the implementation of emergency department key performance indicators”; and “emergency department data capture systems for performance monitoring purposes within the wider context”.

Conclusion: The pathways to improving emergency department data capture systems for emergency department key performance indicators include upgrading emergency department information systems and investment in hardware technology and data managers. Educating stakeholders outside the emergency department regarding the importance of emergency department key performance indicators as hospital-wide performance indicators underpins the successful implementation of valid and reliable emergency department key performance indicators.
Acute appendicitis: clinic, diagnosis, treatment
Authors: Ачкасов Евгений , Achkasov Evgeniy , Пугаев Андрей , Pugaev Andrey , Посудневский Владислав , Posudnevskiy Vladislav , Ярославская Мария , Yaroslavskaya Mariya , Забелин Максим , Zabelin M.
Published: August 2019

The training manual consistently covers the issues of the anatomy of the appendix, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis and its complications. The issues of surgical treatment of acute appendicitis and the prevention of postoperative complications are examined in detail. A separate chapter is devoted to complicated forms of acute appendicitis. Particular attention is paid to the organization of medical care for patients with acute appendicitis, the characteristics of the course of the disease in children, elderly patients, pregnant women. For the first time, the educational publication presents the psychological aspects of the rehabilitation of surgical patients. The assimilation of the material of the training manual is facilitated by test tasks and questions for self-control.
The manual is intended for students of medical universities, clinical residents and doctors studying in the system of additional professional education, specializing in "Surgery".
State and municipal service
Authors: Кузякин Юрий , Kuzyakin Yuriy , Ермоленко Артём , Ermolenko Artem
Published: August 2019

The textbook examines the concept, types and order of passage of the state civil service, military service, other types of public service and municipal service. The legal status of state and municipal employees, the principles and sources of legal regulation of official activities in Russia are analyzed.
The authors conducted a comparative legal analysis of state and municipal services in the Russian Federation. Considerable attention is also paid to the procedure for considering individual service disputes and combating corruption in the system of state and municipal services.