bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Field study of the migration of90Sr,237Np,238Pu and241Am in unsaturated Chinese loess under artificial rainfall condition
Authors: Li S. S. , Liu C. L. , Zhao Y. J. , Wu Q. H. , Wang Z. M. , Ji S. W.
Published: March 2004

The migration of90Sr,237Np,238Pu and241Am in unsaturated Chinese loess under artificial rainfall condition was investigated at the CIRP´s field test site. Quartz containing90Sr,237Np,238Pu and241Am was introduced into an experimental pit and the pit was backfilled. Artificial rainfall of 10-15 mm/d was applied to the experimental pit for 1078 days. HTO was used for obtaining the migration rate of moisture water in the pit. Vertical core soil samples were taken twice a year and cut into 0.5cm long section soil samples. The section soil samples were weighed and wind dried. Radioactivity of237Np and241Am in the section soil samples was measured with a low energy photon detector (HPGe);90Sr and238Pu were determined with a low backgroundα&βdetector after chemical separation. During the experiment, moisture water at different depths was taken on a daily basis and3H in the moisture water samples was determined with liquid scintillation technique. Experimental result indicates that the downward migration rate of moisture water was 2.27 cm/d and the retardation factors of90Sr,237Np,238Pu and241Am in the loess unsaturated zone were 9.9 × 102, 3.2 × 103, 3.2 × 103and 4.5 × 103, respectively. This result suggests that90Sr,237Np,238Pu and241Am could be effectively retarded by the loess unsaturated zone.
Extraction of tetravalent neptunium isoxazolonates as their TOPO adducts
Authors: Banerjee S. , Mohapatra P. K. , Bhattacharyya A. , Basu S. , Manchanda V. K.
Published: March 2004

The extraction behaviour of Np(IV) by 3-phenyl-4-benzoyl-5-isoxazolone (HPBI) in the presence of tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) was investigated from nitric acid medium. The speciation studies, carried out by the slope analysis method, yielded binary species of the type Np(PBI)4when only HPBI was used as the extractant and ternary species of the type Np(PBI)4·TOPO when both HPBI and TOPO were used as the extractants. The two-phase extraction constant for the binary species (logkex) was calculated to be 10.11±0.03, while that for the ternary species was found to be 17.24±0.05. Thermodynamic parameters for the binary and ternary extraction systems were also determined. Both the binary and ternary extraction systems were found to be highly spontaneous processes with predominant enthalpy stabilization. The very high negative entropy factor suggested contribution of unfavourable steric factors.
Comparison of Sleeve Gastrectomy vs Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Hedberg Suzanne , Thorell Anders , Österberg Johanna , Peltonen Markku , Andersson Ellen , Näslund Erik , Hertel Jens Kristoffer , Svanevik Marius , Stenberg Erik , Neovius Martin , Näslund Ingmar , Wirén Mikael , Ottosson Johan , Olbers Torsten ,   BEST Study Group, Laurenius Anna , Torgersson Jarl
Published: January 2024

Importance

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are widely used bariatric procedures for which comparative efficacy and safety remain unclear.

Objective

To compare perioperative outcomes in SG and RYGB.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this registry-based, multicenter randomized clinical trial (Bypass Equipoise Sleeve Trial), baseline and perioperative data for patients undergoing bariatric surgery from October 6, 2015, to March 31, 2022, were analyzed. Patients were from university, regional, county, and private hospitals in Sweden (n = 20) and Norway (n = 3). Adults (aged ≥18 years) eligible for bariatric surgery with body mass indexes (BMIs; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 35 to 50 were studied.

Interventions

Laparoscopic SG or RYGB.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Perioperative complications were analyzed as all adverse events and serious adverse events (Clavien-Dindo grade >IIIb). Ninety-day mortality was also assessed.

Results

A total of 1735 of 14 182 eligible patients (12%; 1282 [73.9%] female; mean (SD) age, 42.9 [11.1] years; mean [SD] BMI, 40.8 [3.7]) were included in the study. Patients were randomized and underwent SG (n = 878) or RYGB (n = 857). The mean (SD) operating time was shorter in those undergoing SG vs RYGB (47 [18] vs 68 [25] minutes; P < .001). The median (IQR) postoperative hospital stay was 1 (1-1) day in both groups. The 30-day readmission rate was 3.1% after SG and 4.0% after RYGB (P = .33). There was no 90-day mortality. The 30-day incidence of any adverse event was 40 (4.6%) and 54 (6.3%) in the SG and RYGB groups, respectively (odds ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.47-1.08; P = .11). Corresponding figures for serious adverse events were 15 (1.7%) for the SG group and 23 (2.7%) for the RYGB group (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.33-1.22; P = .19).

Conclusions and Relevance

This randomized clinical trial of 1735 patients undergoing primary bariatric surgery found that both SG and RYGB were performed with a low perioperative risk without clinically significant differences between groups.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02767505
Preoperative Concerns of Older US Adults and Decisions About Elective Surgery
Authors: Berlin Nicholas L. , Kirch Matthias , Singer Dianne C. , Solway Erica , Malani Preeti N. , Kullgren Jeffrey T.
Published: January 2024

This cross-sectional study examines the preoperative concerns among US adults aged 50 to 80 years who considered elective surgery.
Stretchable Device for Simultaneous Measurements of Contractility and Electrophysiology of Neuromuscular Tissue in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Oldroyd Poppy , Oldroyd Sophie , Meng Michelle , Makwana Rajesh , Sanger Gareth , Bulmer David , Malliaras George G , Owens Róisín M
Published: January 2024

Devices interfacing with biological tissues can provide valuable insights into function, disease, and metabolism through electrical and mechanical signals. However, certain neuromuscular tissues, like those in the gastrointestinal tract, undergo significant strains of up to 40%. Conventional inextensible devices cannot capture the dynamic responses in these tissues. This study introduces electrodes made from poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that enable simultaneous monitoring of electrical and mechanical responses of gut tissue. The soft PDMS layers conform to tissue surfaces during gastrointestinal movement. Dopants, including Capstone FS‐30 and polyethylene glycol, are explored to enhance the conductivity, electrical sensitivity to strain, and stability of the PEDOT:PSS. The devices are fabricated using shadow masks and solution‐processing techniques, providing a faster and simpler process than traditional clean‐room‐based lithography. Tested on ex vivo mouse colon and human stomach, the device recorded voltage changes of up to 300 µV during contraction and distension consistent with muscle activity, while simultaneously recording resistance changes of up to 150% due to mechanical strain. These devices detect and respond to chemical stimulants and blockers, and can induce contractions through electrical stimulation. They hold great potential for studying and treating complex disorders like irritable bowel syndrome and gastroparesis.
An Angle‐Sensitive Microcolumn‐Based Capacitive Shear Force Sensor for Robot Grasping
Authors: Jiang Jiashun , Lv Chunyu , Lv Tao , Lu Yiming , Wang Xinwang , Li Quanning , Chen Xuejiao , Xie Mengying
Published: January 2024

Shear force sensors play an indispensable role in tactile perception for robot manipulation tasks. However, recent advancements in shear force sensors have been hindered by issues such as direction sensitivity and integration limitations. This paper proposes a microcolumn array dielectric layer produced using photolithography technology that enables tunability of sensor sensitivity and detection range by adjusting the aspect ratio and interval of the microstructures. Meanwhile, the impact of five constant normal force couplings on the sensitivity of shear force perception is investigated. The structure array with a 1:2 aspect ratio and 600 µm interval demonstrates an ultrahigh sensitivity of 6.189 N−1 and outstanding linearity (R2 = 0.9873) within the range up to 0.1 N. The sensor exhibits low hysteresis and robust stability over 3000 cycles. Additionally, it exhibits remarkable anisotropic direction sensitivity, enabling accurate positioning within a quarter‐circle angle. An intentionally designed orthogonal array is employed to extend the shear angle range up to 360°. Owing to the high performance of the sensor, it is further integrated onto a gripper to facilitate the grasping operation and effectively capture delicate movements. The experimental outcomes highlight that the designed sensor holds promise for applications in robotic applications and electronic skin domains.
Dynamics of The Γδtcr Repertoires During The Dedifferentiation Process and Pilot Implications for Immunotherapy of Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Hao Qing , Li Ruicen , Li Hancong , Rui Shu , You Liting , Zhang Lingyun , Zhao Yue , Li Peiheng , Li Yuanmin , Kong Xinagyu , Chen Haining , Zou Xiuhe , Liu Feng , Wang Xiaofei , Zhou Juan , Zhang Weihan , Huang Libing , Shu Yang , Liu JiaYe , Sun Ronghao , Li Chao , Zhu Jingqiang , Jiang Yong , Wei Tao , Qian Kun , Bai Bing , Hu Yiguo , Peng Yong , Dai Lunzhi , Caulin Carlos , Xu Heng , Li Zhihui , Park Jihwan , Luo Han , Ying Binwu
Published: January 2024

γδ T cells are evolutionarily conserved T lymphocytes that manifest unique antitumor efficacy independent of tumor mutation burden (TMB) and conventional human leukocyte antigen (HLA) recognition. However, the dynamic changes in their T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire during cancer progression and treatment courses remain unclear. Here, a comprehensive characterization of γδTCR repertoires are performed in thyroid cancers with divergent differentiation states through cross‐sectional studies. The findings revealed a significant correlation between the differentiation states and TCR repertoire diversity. Notably, highly expanded clones are prominently enriched in γδ T cell compartment of dedifferentiated patients. Moreover, by longitudinal investigations of the γδ T cell response to various antitumor therapies, it is found that the emergence and expansion of the Vδ2neg subset may be potentially associated with favorable clinical outcomes after post‐radiotherapeutic immunotherapy. These findings are further validated at single‐cell resolution in both advanced thyroid cancer patients and a murine model, underlining the importance of further investigations into the role of γδTCR in cancer immunity and therapeutic strategies.
Janus CoMOF‐SEBS Membrane for Bifunctional Dielectric Layer in Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Yoo Hyunjoon , Mahato Manmatha , Kim Ji‐Seok , Oh Saewoong , Garai Mousumi , Nguyen Van Hiep , Taseer Ashhad Kamal , Lee Myung‐Joon , Oh Il‐Kwon
Published: January 2024

Considerable research has been conducted on the application of functional nano‐fillers to enhance the power generation capabilities of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, these additives often exhibit a decrease in output power at higher concentration. Here, a Janus cobalt metal–organic framework‐SEBS (JCMS) membrane is reported as a dual‐purpose dielectric layer capable of efficiently capturing and blocking charges for high‐performance TENGs. The JCMS is produced asymmetrically through gravitational sedimentation, employing spherical CoMOFs within a diluted SEBS solution. Beyond its dual dielectric characteristics, the JCMS showcases exceptional mechanical durability, displaying notable stretchability of up to 475% and remarkable resilience when subjected to diverse mechanical pressures. Consequently, the JCMS‐TENG produces a maximum peak‐to‐peak voltage of 936 V, a current of 42.8 µA, and a power density of 10.89 W m−2 when exposed to an external force of 10 N at a 5 Hz frequency. This investigation highlights the potential of JCMS‐TENGs with unique structures, known for their exceptional energy harvesting capabilities, mechanical strength, and flexibility. Additionally, the promising prospects of easily produced asymmetric structures is emphasized with bifunctionalities for developing efficient and flexible MOFs‐based TENGs. These advancements are well‐suited for self‐powered wearables, rehabilitation devices, and energy harvesters.
A Dual‐Mode Programing Nonvolatile Floating‐Gate Memory with Convertible Ohmic and Schottky Contacts
Authors: Zhang Chi , Ning Jing , Wang Boyu , Wang Dong , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue
Published: January 2024

Research on van der Waals heterostructures based on stacked two‐dimensional atomic thickness crystals has received considerable attention because of their unique characters and great potential applications in flexible transparent electronics and optoelectronics. In this study, a nonvolatile memory device with a few‐layer bipolar material WS2 as channel and charge‐trapping layers is designed with a floating‐gate structure in which charges (electrons and holes) can be stored in the charge‐trapping layer using a dual‐mode processing program by changing the metal–semiconductor contact type. The device exhibits different programming currents during programming, in particular, the device has a low programming current for programming voltages ˂20 V. Moreover, the heterostructure exhibits a remarkable long retention time (≈10,000 s), with no apparent degradation and a strong endurance, retaining its original performance even after 1,000 programming/erasing cycles. This study proposes a novel method for reducing power consumption while programming to facilitate artificial synapse applications.
More New York Convention: U.S. Court Interpretations On Jurisdiction and Venue for Actions and Proceedings
Authors: Wang Tong
Published: January 2024

Last month, the author examined U.S. judicial interpretations of primary and secondary jurisdiction considerations under the New York Convention and its U.S. enabling statute, the Federal Arbitration Act's Chapter 2, with respect to awards issued in international arbitrations. In this month's conclusion, the focus is on the effects of the laws on jurisdiction and venue over actions and proceedings falling under the Convention. See “The New York Convention: How Courts Interpret Jurisdiction on Awards—A U.S. Perspective,” 42 Alternatives 9 (January 2024) (available at https://bit.ly/3RXb3tO).
Structural versatility in nickel (II) complexes of a hydrazone ligand based on alloxan: Preparation, spectroscopic, DFT, anticancer, and molecular docking studies
Authors: El‐Inany Gaber A. , Seleem Hussein S. , El‐Shafiy Hoda F. , El‐Shetary Basheir A. , Nabeel Asmaa I. , Madyan Aml , Shebl Magdy
Published: January 2024

New binary and mixed‐ligand nickel (II) chelates of a hyrdazone ligand (HYQX) carrying alloxan and quinoline moieties were synthesized. Spectroscopic and analytical techniques were effectively used for identifying the composition and structure of the prepared nickel (II) HYQX chelates. The neutral nature of Ni‐HYQX complexes was demonstrated by molar conductivity studies, and magnetic moment values revealed octahedral geometry. The results demonstrated that HYQX behaves as a monoanionic di‐/tridentate chelating agent in all complexes, except nitrato C2 and acetato C4 complexes, which are bi‐ and tri‐nuclear complexes, respectively, with a unique mode of coordination. The thermal decomposition patterns of Ni‐HYQX complexes were investigated in relation to structure, and thermodynamic parameters were successfully calculated. The molecular structural features of HYQX and its Ni (II) chelates were investigated based on density functional theory (DFT) level at B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) and LanL2dz level. Ni‐HYQX complexes were found to have anticancer action against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma. A molecular docking investigation was conducted to determine in what way the title compounds connect to the CDK‐5 inhibitor‐crystal structure of the inhibitor EFP with CDK‐2 (PDB ID: 3IG7) in order to verify their biological activity.
Pore parameter selection for fused deposition modeling of gas diffusion layers in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Luo Chuanxu , Choo Hui Leng , Ahmad Hafisoh , Sivasankaran Praveena Nair
Published: January 2024

Because of the global energy crisis, many researchers have focused their efforts on fuel cells. The gas diffusion layer (GDL) is a fundamental component of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The manufacturing procedures for traditional carbon‐based GDLs are sophisticated and energy‐intensive, and have design flexibility constraints, making it difficult to build complicated forms and structures. Additive manufacturing is widely used in a variety of fields, with the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique being the most popular method. Prior to conducting systematic research on the printed GDLs, it is necessary to investigate the pore parameters with the support of FDM technique. In this research, the initial step involves material selection, FDM printer selection, and modeling. Subsequently, printing analysis and sample characterization are conducted to select an acceptable pore shape. A water drainage test determines the appropriate pore size, followed by additional tests for acceptable porosity range. The square pore shape is determined to be more suitable. A pore side length of 1.0 mm is identified. Furthermore, a suitable pore range of 10.9%–30.3% is identified. Next step, the printed GDLs will undergo further testing to investigate their suitability to be used in PEM fuel cells.
Motivations for social and environmental reporting in Spanish SMEs: An inductive content analysis
Authors: Guerrero‐Baena M. Dolores , Castilla‐Polo Francisca , Rodríguez‐Gutiérrez Pablo
Published: January 2024

This study aims to add to the knowledge on the motivations driving SMEs in Spain to engage in voluntary social and environmental reporting (SER). We apply inductive content analysis to information sourced from interviews with SME owner‐managers, complemented with CEO letters. While the paper confirms that there are several co‐existing motivations for SER in SMEs, inconsistencies are identified between the information disclosed in the two aforementioned sources. Overall, stakeholder engagement seems to be the most important motivation for reporting. Contrary to what the literature to date has shown about the relevance of SME owner‐managers' personal values when it comes to disclosing social and environmental information, our findings suggest that individual beliefs and values are not the main factor driving SER. Results also show industry and firm size are determinants of motivations for SER. The study thus contributes to the literature on this underexplored topic by providing insights into the motivations for SER in SMEs. An understanding of these motivations is pivotal to help policymakers focus their efforts on implementing appropriate institutional reforms in this emerging field.
Did court dismiss employee's Title IX retaliation claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: January 2024

A part‐time community health coordinator worked for a nonprofit affiliated with the University of Arkansas at  Little Rock. She claimed she was subjected to sexual harassment from her supervisor during the five years of her employment.
Stable immobilization of lithium polysulfides using three‐dimensional ordered mesoporous Mn2O3 as the host material in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Park Sung Joon , Choi Yun Jeong , Kim Hyun‐seung , Hong Min Joo , Chang Hongjun , Moon Janghyuk , Kim Young‐Jun , Mun Junyoung , Kim Ki Jae
Published: January 2024

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) have drawn significant attention owing to their high theoretical discharge capacity and energy density. However, the dissolution of long‐chain polysulfides into the electrolyte during the charge and discharge process (“shuttle effect”) results in fast capacity fading and inferior electrochemical performance. In this study, Mn2O3 with an ordered mesoporous structure (OM‐Mn2O3) was designed as a cathode host for LSBs via KIT‐6 hard templating, to effectively inhibit the polysulfide shuttle effect. OM‐Mn2O3 offers numerous pores to confine sulfur and tightly anchor the dissolved polysulfides through the combined effects of strong polar–polar interactions, polysulfides, and sulfur chain catenation. The OM‐Mn2O3/S composite electrode delivered a discharge capacity of 561 mA h g−1 after 250 cycles at 0.5 C owing to the excellent performance of OM‐Mn2O3. Furthermore, it retained a discharge capacity of 628 mA h g−1 even at a rate of 2 C, which was significantly higher than that of a pristine sulfur electrode (206 mA h g−1). These findings provide a prospective strategy for designing cathode materials for high‐performance LSBs.
Enhancing microbial CO2 electrocatalysis for multicarbon reduction in a wet amine‐based catholyte
Authors: Su Kim Hui , Lee Sangmin , Moon Myounghoon , Jong Jung Hwi , Lee Jiye , Chu Young‐Hwan , Rae Kim Jung , Kim Danbee , Woo Park Gwon , Hyun Ko Chang , Youn Lee Soo
Published: January 2024

Microbial CO2 electroreduction (mCO2ER) offers a promising approach for producing high‐value multicarbon reductants from CO2 by combining CO2 fixing microorganisms with conducting materials (i. e., cathodes). However, the solubility and availability of CO2 in an aqueous electrolyte pose significant limitations in this system. This study demonstrates the efficient production of long‐chain multicarbon reductants, specifically carotenoids (~C40), within a wet amine‐based catholyte medium during mCO2ER. Optimizing the concentration of the biocompatible CO2 absorbent, monoethanolamine (MEA), led to enhanced CO2 fixation in the electroautotroph bacteria. Molecular biological analyses revealed that MEA in the catholyte medium redirected the carbon flux towards carotenoid biosynthesis during mCO2ER. The faradaic efficiency of mCO2ER with MEA for carotenoid production was 4.5‐fold higher than that of the control condition. These results suggest the mass transport bottleneck in bioelectrochemical systems could be effectively addressed by MEA‐assissted mCO2ER, enabling highly efficient production of valuable products from CO2.
The potential of future foods for a sustainable future
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Xin
Published: January 2024

Future foods have attracted widespread attention due to the view of a sustainable supply of food and nutritional health. At present, the food industry still faces high energy consumption and pollution, which have caused enormous pressure on the ecological environment, and raised new requirements for future foods. Food synthetic biology converts raw materials into important food ingredients, functional food additives, and nutritional chemicals through cell factories to solve the unsustainable problem in food processing. As an important component of the food industry, food 3D printing has many advantages including customized food design, personalized and digital nutrition customization, simplifying the food supply chain, and broadening the source of food ingredients, which will make up for the deficiency of traditional food processing technology. The promotion of the research and application of future foods will help to improve the natural environment, alleviate the resource and energy crisis, and achieve sustainable social development.
Dysprosium‐Radical Based Single‐Molecule Magnet Containing a Seven Coordinate Dy(III) Ion: A System for ab initio Study
Authors: Kumar Kushvaha Saroj , Ravichandran Prathap , Dan Chen , Ungur Liviu , Suryadevara Nithin , Ruben Mario , Chandra Mondal Kartik
Published: January 2024

Single–ion magnets (SIMs) possessing a Dy(III) ion have recently attracted huge scientific attention. Herein, we report on a Dy(III)‐radical single–molecule magnet containing a seven‐coordinate Dy(III) ion with an O3N3Cl donor set. The frequency–dependent slow relaxation of magnetization has been observed below 8 K. DC magnetic studies have shown the presence of weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the Kramers ion (Dy(III), J = 15/2) and the ligand‐centered radical electron (S = 1/2) which was confirmed by multifunctional CASSCF calculations.
A General Minisci‐Type Alkylation with Organoboron Derivatives Assisted by Catechol
Authors: Zhou Yutong , Yang Hui , Chen Xingyue , Peng Xiaowu , Yao Qiuli , Chen Gang
Published: January 2024

This manuscript describes a general strategy for the easily scale‐up alkylation of heterocycles with a wide variety of boronic acids, boronates, and trifluoroborate salts under low‐cost and simple conditions without using any transition‐metal or organo‐photocatalysts. The key additive of catechol plays an important role in this method which in‐situ activated a variety of boron‐base species to alkylboronic esters (R‐BCat) with a low oxidation potential. The transformation is distinguished by a broad scope, such as drug molecules and natural products. Furthermore, the methodology proves easily scalable under standard batch conditions, enhancing its practicality and accessibility.
Probabilistic classification of surrounding rock mass of tunnels based on fully Bayesian Gaussian process classification (fB‐GPC) with consideration of influencing factors selection
Authors: Song Chao , Zhao Tengyuan , Xu Ling
Published: January 2024

Rock mass classification is of great significance in guiding the design and construction of tunnels, which is often determined through single‐factor or multi‐factor classification methods based on some readily available rock indices, for example, dynamic elastic modulus, degree of tectonization, and so forth. Although these methods work reasonably well in some cases, they tend to lead to inaccurate classification results due to the pre‐selected main factor or function forms, especially for tunnels with complex geological conditions. Alternatively, the classification may be achieved with the aid of some machine learning (ML) methods, which are data‐driven, hence bypassing pre‐determination of the mathematical function forms of the main factor(s). Note although these ML methods perform well in the classification of surrounding rock mass, they generally employ all measurements of readily available rock indices as input variables, which might lead to excessive model complexity and a potential decrease in generalization performance. In this paper, a fully Bayesian Gaussian process classification (fB‐GPC) approach is proposed for probabilistic classification of surrounding rock mass, which is data‐driven and can select the optimal combination of main factors that affect rock mass classification. A real‐life example is used to illustrate and validate the proposed approach. Results show that the proposed fB‐GPC method performs very well in determination of the most important factor for classification of surrounding rock mass, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of around 0.98. A sensitivity study is also performed to systematically examine the accuracy and robustness of the proposed approach in this study.
Genetic and environmental contributions for the relationship between tooth loss and oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: da Silva Adriana M. , Falcão Michelle M. L. , Freitas Valéria S. , Vieira Alexandre R.
Published: January 2024

Background

To investigate the association between tooth loss and oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma, focusing on epidemiological factors and genetic variants.

Methods

Case–control study, including histologically confirmed oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma cases and healthy controls. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for this association were calculated. Single‐nucleotides polymorphisms were tested for individuals with and without missing teeth.

Results

Case individuals were more edentulous while controls had fewer missing teeth (p = 0.006). There was an increased risk for the outcomes associated with edentulism (OR = 6.95, p = 0.000), even after adjustments for educational level (OR = 4.7, p = 0.034) and smoking habits (OR = 5.01, p = 0.022). Among individuals with tooth loss, rs1533767 (WNT11), rs3923087, and rs11867417 (AXIN2) were associated with the outcomes (OR = 1.67, p = 0.03, OR = 0.53, p = 0.05, and OR = 0.42, p = 0.00, respectively).

Conclusions

Tooth loss could increase the risk for oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Preventive behaviors against COVID‐19 among health care providers in Iran: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Niksirat Souri , Rouhani‐Tonekaboni Nooshin , Shakiba Maryam , Kasmaei Parisa
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim

During outbreaks of infectious diseases, if healthcare providers do not follow the principles of prevention, the risk of personal infection increases and they become a source of infection spread. This study aimed to determine the factors related to the preventive health behaviors of COVID‐19 among Iranian healthcare providers based on protection motivation theory (PMT).

Methods

This analytical cross‐sectional study included 346 healthcare providers. Data was collected by an online researcher‐made questionnaire based on PMT. To analyze the data, independent T tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Spearman correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression, and SPSS 22 software were used. α was considered as 0.05.

Results

85.3% of the healthcare providers would always wear masks, 80.7% would always refuse to kiss and touch hands with others, and 34.7% sometimes would exercise at home. The preventive behaviors were significantly correlated with protection motivation (r = 0.84), self‐efficacy (r = 0.51), response efficiency (r = 0.43), perceived severity (r = 0.41) Fear (r = 0.21), perceived susceptibility (r = 0.11), response cost (r = −0.14), and reward (r = −0.15). PMT constructs were able to predict 77% of the variance of the behaviors and the protection motivation construct was the strongest predictor (β = 0.806). Income above 300 Dolars per month was significantly related to the decrease in the mean score of preventive behaviors against COVID‐19. The female sex and the individual or family history of infectious diseases were significantly related to increasing the mean score of COVID‐19 preventive behaviors.

Conclusion

Based on the study results, it is suggested that some educational interventions be designed and implemented with a focus on this construct and the perceived severity construct and that more attention be given to the education of health care providers with high‐income levels, male providers, and the individuals without a history of corona infection in themselves or their family members.
Patient reported outcomes after multivisceral resection for advanced rectal cancers in female patients
Authors: Kazi Mufaddal , Choubey Katyayani , Patil Pooja , Jaiswal Dushyant , Ajmera Sejal , Desouza Ashwin , Saklani Avanish
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Multivisceral resections for rectal cancer can lead to long‐term functional disturbances. This study aims to evaluate the quality‐of‐life outcomes in female patients who underwent multivisceral resection for rectal cancer, specifically focusing on urinary and sexual functions.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted on female patients who underwent multivisceral rectal resections. Quality of life was assessed using the EORTC QLQ‐CR29.

Results

Out of 198 female patients that underwent multivisceral resections, 69 were assessable for functional outcomes. The uterus was removed in 42 patients (61%), and the posterior vaginal wall in 34 (49%). A vaginal reconstructive procedure was carried out in 30% (21 patients). Patients reported the most troubles with urinary frequency (mean: 69.6; SD: 9.9), hair loss (mean: 64.7; SD: 13.9), pain during intercourse (mean: 44; SD: 40.7), and bowel frequency (mean: 36.9; SD: −10.7) in this order. Amongst the functional scales, anxiety about future health (mean: 42.5; SD: −018.9) and interest in sex (mean: 57.2; SD: 33.2) scored the lowest.

Conclusion

Multivisceral rectal resections in female patients are associated with physical and psychosocial changes resulting in urinary and bowel complaints, anxiety about future health, poor sexual health, and pain.
Silencing lncRNA‐DARS‐AS1 suppresses nonsmall cell lung cancer progression by stimulating miR‐302a‐3p to inhibit ACAT1 expression
Authors: Li Ji , Li Yizhuo , Sun Xiaodan , Wei Lai , Guan Jingqian , Fu Lin , Du Jiang , Zhang Xiupeng , Cheng Ming , Ma Huan , Jiang Siyu , Zheng Qianqian , Wang Liang
Published: January 2024

Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been gaining attention as potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the expression and biological behavior of lncRNA DARS‐AS1, its predicted interacting partner miR‐302a‐3p, and ACAT1 in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The transcript level of DARS‐AS1, miR‐302a‐3p, and ACAT1 was analyzed using qRT‐PCR. Endogenous expression of ACAT1 and the expression of—and changes in—AKT/ERK pathway‐related proteins were determined using western blotting. MTS, Transwell, and apoptosis experiments were used to investigate the behavior of cells. The subcellular localization of DARS‐AS1 was verified using FISH, and its binding site was verified using dual‐luciferase reporter experiments. The binding of DARS‐AS1 to miR‐302a‐3p was verified using RNA co‐immunoprecipitation. In vivo experiments were performed using a xenograft model to determine the effect of DARS‐AS1 knockout on ACAT1 and NSCLC. lncRNA DARS‐AS1 was upregulated in NSCLC cell lines and tissues and the expression of lncRNA DARS‐AS1 was negatively correlated with survival of patients with NSCLC. Knockdown of DARS‐AS1 inhibited the malignant behaviors of NSCLC via upregulating miR‐302a‐3p. miR‐302a‐3p induced suppression of malignancy through regulating oncogene ACAT1. This study demonstrates that the DARS‐AS1‐miR‐302a‐3p‐ACAT1 pathway plays a key role in NSCLC.
Direct estimation of the noise power spectrum from patient data to generate synthesized CT noise for denoising network training
Authors: Han Minah , Baek Jongduk
Published: January 2024

Background

Developing a deep‐learning network for denoising low‐dose CT (LDCT) images necessitates paired computed tomography (CT) images acquired at different dose levels. However, it is challenging to obtain these images from the same patient.

Purpose

In this study, we introduce a novel approach to generate CT images at different dose levels.

Methods

Our method involves the direct estimation of the quantum noise power spectrum (NPS) from patient CT images without the need for prior information. By modeling the anatomical NPS using a power‐law function and estimating the quantum NPS from the measured NPS after removing the anatomical NPS, we create synthesized quantum noise by applying the estimated quantum NPS as a filter to random noise. By adding synthesized noise to CT images, synthesized CT images can be generated as if these are obtained at a lower dose. This leads to the generation of paired images at different dose levels for training denoising networks.

Results

The proposed method accurately estimates the reference quantum NPS. The denoising network trained with paired data generated using synthesized quantum noise achieves denoising performance comparable to networks trained using Mayo Clinic data, as justified by the mean‐squared‐error (MSE), structural similarity index (SSIM)and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) scores.

Conclusions

This approach offers a promising solution for LDCT image denoising network development without the need for multiple scans of the same patient at different doses.
Is there evidence for pelvic floor muscle relaxation training in nonneurogenic female bladder outlet obstruction?—A narrative review
Authors: Bø Kari
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Functional bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in women is postulated to be caused by pelvic floor muscle (PFM) dyssynergia or increased tone. The aim of the present review was to investigate the effect of PFM relaxation training on PFM tone and female BOO symptoms.

Materials and Methods

This was a narrative review using an open search strategy on PubMed with the search terms “Bladder outlet obstruction” AND “female” AND (“pelvic floor muscles” OR “Kegel”). The risk of bias of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was scored with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale (0–10).

Results

Only three RCTs were found. All three RCTs compared different types of exercise, and no trial compared relaxation training with no or sham treatment. None of the trials reported the effect between groups on the reduction of PFM tone. There was a tendency toward positive effect of PFM relaxation training to improve BOO symptoms in women. PEDro score varied between 4 and 7. Few studies yielded information on the immediate effect of any type of PFM relaxation technique on PFM tone.

Conclusion

Few RCTs have been conducted on the effect of PFM relaxation training on PFM tone and functional female BOO symptoms. There is an urgent need for RCTs with high methodological and interventional quality in addition to basic research on mechanisms of different relaxation techniques on PFM activity.
Bladder outlet obstruction in women: Advanced evaluation
Authors: Lec Patrick M. , Nitti Victor W.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Herein, we provide a review of the indications, practical considerations, and interpretation of urodynamics (UDS) with or without fluoroscopy, as well as cystourethroscopy, for women with suspected bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).

Methods and Results

A narrative review was performed focusing on the current primary literature and society guidelines around advanced diagnostic modalities for female BOO patients. UDS studies help diagnose BOO by identifying high‐pressure low‐flow voiding patterns and/or the characteristic radiographic appearance of the bladder neck and urethra during micturition. Cystourethroscopy aids in evaluating structural aberrations of the bladder outlet, and in surgical planning.

Conclusions

UDS studies and cystourethroscopy are useful adjuncts in carefully‐selected female patients with suspected BOO.
Association between frailty and detrusor overactivity with detrusor underactivity in older women
Authors: Ly Ong Damien , Monaghan Thomas F. , Chartier‐Kastler Emmanuel , Petrovic Mirko , Goessaert An‐Sofie , Everaert Karel , Robain Gilberte , Haddad Rebecca ,   NOPIA Research Group
Published: January 2024

Purpose

While detrusor overactivity (DO) with detrusor underactivity (DU) (DO‐DU) has been described as typical of aging, the pathogenesis of DO‐DU is highly multifactorial, and often thought to involve medical conditions beyond the urinary tract. We aimed to explore potential associations between idiopathic DO‐DU and frailty in older women after accounting for age.

Methods

The design of the study is a cross‐sectional single‐center study, in an outpatient urodynamic unit specializing in geriatrics. Participants are consecutive female patients aged ≥65 years without contributory neurological conditions or bladder outlet obstruction who completed a comprehensive geriatric assessment followed by urodynamic evaluation from 2015 to 2019. Participants were categorized as having DO, DU, combined DO‐DU, or a negative study. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between urodynamic outcomes and frailty, as quantified using the Frailty index (FI).

Results

Ninety‐five patients were included (median age 78 [interquartile range: 70–83] years), among whom 29% had combined DO‐DU. The median FI score was 0.27 (0.2–0.32) (5–12). A higher FI was associated with significantly greater age‐adjusted odds of DO‐DU when either DU or subjects with a negative urodynamic assessment were used as the reference group. Age was not significantly associated with DO‐DU across all multivariable analyses.

Conclusion

A higher FI was associated with an increased likelihood of DO‐DU, which could not be attributed to the effect of age alone. The pathogenesis of DO‐DU is likely more complex than chronological aging in and of itself and merits further study.
Preparation of GNP/SBR thermal conductivity composites with high strength and toughness by synergistic construction of interfacial multiple non‐covalent and covalent bonds
Authors: Li Fangshan , Wang Heng , Ke Yuchao , Hu Yuan , Xia Ru
Published: January 2024

[AMIm]Cl@GNP/SBR composites were prepared by blending ionic liquid 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride salt([AMIm]Cl) modified graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR). The mechanical and thermal properties as well as the structure–activity relationship of the obtained composites based on the modified filler were investigated under the synergistic effect of non‐covalent and covalent bonding. The experimental results indicated that the modification of GNP by [AMIm]Cl occurred under mild conditions. The dispersibility of [AMIm]Cl@GNP in SBR was enhanced by its participation in vulcanization and the synergistic effect of non‐covalent and covalent cross‐linking networks such as cation‐π, π‐π, and hydrogen bonds. This improvement led to an increase in the interfacial bond strength of the composites and a reduction in the interfacial thermal resistance. These effects resulted in both reinforcement and thermal conductivity properties. The tensile strength and elongation at break of [AMIm]Cl@GNP/SBR composites increased from 18.2 to 22.9 MPa and from 737.9% to 923.5%, respectively, when the modification ratio of [AMIm]Cl was 1% and the loading of [AMIm]Cl@GNP was only 4 phr (mass ratio). At the same time, the thermal conductivity in the vertical direction of the composites increased from 0.25 to 0.44 W/(m·K), and the thermal conductivity in the horizontal direction increased from 0.27 to 0.81 W/(m·K).

Highlights

Modified powder [AMIm]Cl@graphene nanoplatelets were prepared;

[AMIm]Cl@graphene nanoplatelet/styrene‐butadiene rubber blend was prepared;

Mechanical properties of blends significantly improved over blank;

The horizontal thermal conductivity of the blends increases obviously;

The vertical thermal conductivity of the blends was improved.
Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti in border areas of Yunnan Province
Authors: Wang Ge , Zhang HengDuan , Gao Jian , Ma Zu , Du YuTong , Liu Qing , Liu Yuan , Xing Dan , Guo XiaoXia , Zhao Teng , Jiang YuTing , Li ChunXiao , Zhao TongYan
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Aedes aegypti is a main vector of arboviral diseases, principally dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Insecticides remain the most effective vector control method. Pyrethroid is the main insecticide currently used, and the long‐term use of insecticides can cause mosquitoes to develop knockdown resistance. Studying the mutation sites and genotypes of Ae. aegypti can reveal the mutation characteristics and regional distribution of the kdr gene in an Ae. aegypti population. Testing for a correlation between the mutation rate in various populations and pyrethrin resistance can clarify the resistance mechanism.

RESULTS

The bioassay results showed that all 15 populations are resistant. In the study of the kdr gene, three non‐synonymous mutations were identified in the DNA of first generation females from the wild Ae. aegypti population: S989P (TCC‐CCC), V1016G (GTA‐GGA), and F1534C (TTC‐TGC). The mortality rate of the various populations was correlated with the mutation rate at the V1016G + F1534C locus, but not the S989P + V1016G locus.

CONCLUSION

Aedes aegypti populations in border regions of Yunnan Province are resistant to permethrin and beta‐cyfluthrin. The insecticidal effect of beta‐cyfluthrin is stronger than that of permethrin. The mutation rate at sites V1016G + F1534C is negatively correlated with the mortality of Ae. aegypti based on bioassays. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Clozapine is not the end of the story
Authors: Price Lawrence H.
Published: January 2024

As most Update readers are aware, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved only one drug with an indication for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia: clozapine. You might not know the backstory to this though.
Opportunities for Nanomaterials in Stretchable and Free‐Form Displays
Authors: Lee Yeageun , Guan Weilin , Hsieh Ezekiel Y. , Nam SungWoo
Published: January 2024

Stretchable and free‐form displays receive significant attention as they hold immense potential for revolutionizing future display technologies. These displays are designed to conform to irregular surfaces and endure mechanical strains, making them well suited for applications in wearable electronics, biomedical devices, and interactive displays. Traditional light‐emitting devices typically employ brittle inorganic and metallic materials, which are not conducive to stretchability. However, replacing these nonflexible components with flexible/stretchable nanomaterials, soft organic materials, or their composites improves the overall flexibility and stretchability of devices. In this review, the roles and opportunities of nanomaterials, such as thin films, 1D nanofibrous materials, and micro/nanoparticles, are highlighted for enhancing the stretchability and overall performance of various types of light‐emitting devices. By leveraging the unique mechanical and electrical properties of nanomaterials, various efforts emerge to push the boundaries of stretchable display technologies and further realize their full potential for diverse applications.
Tailoring Phase Engineering of 1T/2H‐MoSe2/CdZnS Heterostructures for Improved Solar‐Driven H2 Production
Authors: Chen Yi‐Kai , Hsiao Kai‐Yuan , Jhan Dun‐Jie , Tsai Chen‐Yo , Chin Ching‐Wei , Chang Wei‐Hsuan , Lu Ming‐Pei , Lu Ming‐Yen
Published: January 2024

Heterostructure engineering stands out as a potent strategy for advancing photocatalytic H2 production. In the present study, various ratios of 1T/2H‐MoSe2 are synthesized by modulating the quantity of the reducing agent. Notably, the sample characterized by the highest 1T phase content exhibits the lowest charge transfer resistance and superior absorption of visible light. Subsequently, MoSe2 is incorporated with CdZnS to form the heterostructures. Remarkably, the highest H2 production rate at 6.4 mmol g−1 h−1 of the sample, surpassing that of CdZnS by a factor of six, is demonstrated. The improved H2 production performance is attributed to the increased absorption of visible light and the suppression of electron–hole recombination, thereby enhancing overall H2 production. The heterostructures exhibit unparalleled photocatalytic efficiency, owing to the fast electron mobility inherent in the 1T‐MoSe2, resulting in a substantial improvement in carrier separation. These findings highlight the significance of tuning the 1T/2H ratio of MoSe2 for augmenting photocatalytic H2 production, showing the potential of heterostructure engineering for catalytic applications.