bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real‐world adjuvant chemotherapy treatment patterns and outcomes over time for resected stage II and III colorectal cancer
Authors: To Yat Hang , Degeling Koen , McCoy Melanie , Wong Rachel , Jones Ian , Dunn Catherine , Hong Wei , Loft Matthew , Gibbs Peter , Tie Jeanne
Published: December 2022

Background

The administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) to colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in Australia and impact of recent trial data has not been well reported. We aim to evaluate temporal trends in AC treatment and outcomes in real‐world Australian patients.

Methods

CRC patients were analyzed from 13 hospitals, stratified by stage (II or III) and three 5‐year time periods (A: 2005–2009, B: 2010–2014, C: 2015–2019). Stage III was further stratified as pre‐ and post publication of the International Duration Evaluation of Adjuvant Therapy (IDEA) collaboration (March 2018). AC prescription, time‐to‐recurrence (TTR), and overall survival (OS) was compared across the time periods.

Results

Of 3977 identified patients, 1148 (stage II: 640, stage III: 508), 1525 (856 vs. 669), and 1304 (669 vs. 635) were diagnosed in Period A, B, and C, respectively. Fewer patients in Period C received AC compared to Period B in stage II (10% vs. 15%, p <.01) and III (70% vs. 79%, p <.01). Post‐IDEA, the proportion of patients receiving ≤3 months of oxaliplatin‐based AC increased (45% vs. 13%, p <.01). The proportion of patients who remained recurrence free at 3 years was similar between time periods in stage II (A: 89% vs. B: 88% vs. C: 90%, p = .53) and stage III (72% vs. 76% vs. 72%, p = .08). OS significantly improved for stage II (80%–85%, p = .04) and stage III (69%–77%, <.01) from period A to B.

Conclusion

AC use has moderately decreased over time with no impact on recurrence rates. Improved survival in more recent years despite similar recurrence rates may be related to improved baseline staging, better postrecurrence treatment, and reduced noncancer‐related mortality.
Use of oral contrast for CT scanning and time to diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis
Authors: Wright Melissa , Giddings Hugh , Rahman Bayzidur , Lord Reginald V.
Published: December 2022

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a delay in treatment for patients having pre‐operative CT imaging with both intravenous and oral contrast (CTIVO) compared to intravenous contrast alone (CTIV).

Methods

A retrospective review of patients who underwent emergency appendicectomy at a single hospital during a two‐year period (1/1/2019–31/12/2020) was performed. Demographic details, imaging timing/modality; biochemical markers; American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification, anaesthetic induction time; operative report findings; histopathology, peri‐operative complications, admission/discharge times were recorded. The Sunshine Appendicitis Grading System (SAGS) score was used for severity of appendicitis.

Results

Pre‐operative CT was performed in 294 patients; CTIVO: 159 (54%), CTIV: 135 (46%). Both groups were comparable for age, sex, ASA status and inflammatory markers. The median time from CT request to scanning was longer with CTIVO (CTIVO: 170 min, CTIV: 65 min, P < 0.0001). The median time from CT request to induction of anaesthesia was also longer with CTIVO (CTIVO: 780 minutes, CTIV: 406 min, P < 0.0001). A delay to theatre was not significantly associated with severity of appendicitis (SAGS score). The diagnostic accuracy was not reduced in the CTIV group compared to the CTIVO group.

Conclusion

CTIVO scans significantly delay CT diagnosis and surgical treatment of appendicitis compared to CTIV. Omitting oral contrast does not result in a reduction in diagnostic accuracy for appendicitis.
Regret in organisational life: An overview and research agenda
Authors: Budjanovcanin Alexandra , Rodrigues Ricardo , Guest David
Published: December 2022

Regret is a remarkably common occurrence and a fundamental part of life. Defined as ‘the emotion that we experience when realising or imagining that our current situation would have been better, if only we had decided differently’, regret comes along with unpleasant feelings and a wish to undo one's present circumstance. Characterised by self‐blame for a poorly made decision, regret materialises following a comparison with a perceived superior alternative outcome, otherwise known as upward counterfactual thinking. Because it originates from this cognitive process, academic analysis of regret developed alongside the scholarship on counterfactual thinking, which burgeoned from the 1980s. However, in the work domain, the study of regret has remained elusive. In the following, we provide an overview of the concept's scholarly study, both more generally and then specifically in work and organisational study. After introducing the articles in this special section, we outline some further avenues for scholarly work on regret in the context of work and organisations.
Realigning individual behavior with societal values: The role of planning in injunctive‐norm interventions aimed at increasing voter turnout
Authors: French Bourgeois Laura , de la Sablonnière Roxane
Published: December 2022

Voting is highly valued in democratic societies. However, in recent years there has been a marked decline in voting. To realign voting behavior with democratic values, we turn to the study of injunctive‐norm interventions. These interventions advance that by making injunctive norms, the norms representing collective values, salient to a targeted group of individuals, individuals will likely conform to the promoted norm. However, studies testing the effectiveness of injunctive‐norm interventions have produced mixed results. We hypothesize that individuals with few plans to vote are those who will be most influenced by these interventions. Individuals with few plans should be more receptive to normative influence because they do not have preconceived commitments about how to engage with voting. Study 1 (N = 141) shows that injunctive‐norm interventions influence the voting behavior of those with few plans about voting. Studies 2 (N = 152) and 3 (N = 195) bring forth evidence that this influence is also present when the salient injunctive norms are from close meaningful groups, such as family and friends.
Intergroup conflict and national identity: The role of exposure to verbal assault, media influences, and desire for self‐reliance
Authors: Amin Azzam , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Hasan Youssef , Van Assche Jasper
Published: December 2022

This study examined the roles of perceived influence of the media, exposure to verbal assault, and desire for self‐reliance on national identity. Using an online self‐reported questionnaire from Qatari college students (N = 293). Mediation analysis revealed that both perceived media influence and desire for self‐reliance fully mediated the effects of exposure to verbal assault on national identity. The findings support the efficacy of strategies which targeted the development and implementation of media and economic programs fostering the construction and/or strengthening of a sense of national identity in Qatar during the Gulf crisis.
Patient engagement with the BJD: encouraging the patient voice and readership
Authors: Hughes Olivia , Prescott Laura , Arents Bernd W.M.
Published: December 2022

This editorial for the British Journal of Dermatology provides an update from a patient editor point of view.
Life on the Margins: Movement Between the ‘Canny’ and the ‘Uncanny’—a Requirement for Psychic Growth
Authors: Simpson David
Published: December 2022

Canny and uncanny, like their German equivalents heimlich and unheimlich, have ambiguous double meanings. The relationship between canny, which means familiar, but also hidden threat, and uncanny which means unfamiliar, but strangely expected knowledge, is explored. The author proposes that the uncanny is derived from the reawakening of oedipal phantasies about parental coupling and the birth of siblings. He suggests that psychic growth requires toleration of the uncanny and free movement between it and canny states, corresponding with the oscillation between states, described by Bion, of Ps and D, where this promotes ‘Being’, through the realization of O. Childhood traumatic losses and oedipal anxieties can prevent this movement. This is illustrated by a woman who feared that the emergence of the uncanny would reveal her to be monstrous, through embodying her phantasy of being the ghost of her mother's dead sister and the damaged child of her parents’ disastrous marriage. She was thus unable to allow this free movement and was condemned to ‘life on the margin’. This is contrasted with extracts from Wordsworth's Prelude where ‘spots of time’, corresponding with screen memories, show how the liberation of the uncanny, and its free interchange with the canny, promotes mourning and growth.
Bone morphogenetic protein signaling is a possible therapeutic target in gynecologic cancer
Authors: Fukuda Tomohiko , Suzuki Eri , Fukuda Risa
Published: December 2022

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily. BMPs play crucial roles in embryogenesis and bone remodeling. Recently, BMP signaling has been found to have diverse effects on different types of tumors. In this review, we summarized the effects of BMP signaling on gynecologic cancer. BMP signaling has tumor‐promoting effects on ovarian cancer (OC) and endometrial cancer (EC), whereas it has tumor‐suppressing effects on uterine cervical cancer (UCC). Interestingly, EC has frequent gain‐of‐function mutations in ACVR1, encoding one of the type I BMP receptors, which are also observed in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Little is known about the relationship between BMP signaling and other gynecologic cancers. Tumor‐promoting effects of BMP signaling in OC and EC are dependent on the promotion of cancer stemness and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). In accordance, BMP receptor kinase inhibitors suppress the cell growth and migration of OC and EC. Since both cancer stemness and EMT are associated with chemoresistance, BMP signaling activation might also be an important mechanism by which OC and EC patients acquire chemoresistance. Therefore, BMP inhibitors are promising for OC and EC patients even if they become resistant to standard chemotherapy. In contrast, BMP signaling inhibits UCC growth in vitro. However, the in vivo effects of BMP signaling have not been elucidated in UCC. In conclusion, BMP signaling has a variety of functions, depending on the types of gynecologic cancer. Therefore, targeting BMP signaling should improve the treatment of patients with gynecologic cancer.
Netrin‐1 upregulates GPX4 and prevents ferroptosis after traumatic brain injury via the UNC5B/Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yuanda , Lan Jin , Zhao Dongxu , Ruan Cijie , Zhou Jue , Tan Haoyuan , Bao Yinghui
Published: December 2022

Aim

We aimed to investigate the regulatory role of Netrin‐1 (NTN1) in ferroptosis after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice.

Methods

We assessed the expression pattern of NTN1 by RT–PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence after establishing the TBI model in mice. After treatment with NTN1 shRNA or recombinant NTN1, we determined the biochemical and morphological changes associated with ferroptosis and netrin‐1‐related pathways. We used Nissl staining to assess lesion volume and Morris water maze and beam‐walking test to evaluate ethological manifestation.

Results

The mRNA and protein levels of NTN1 were upregulated after TBI. The application of NTN1 shRNA increased the number of FJB positive cells, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) levels. However, the application of NTN1 recombinant had the opposite effect. Furthermore, knockdown or inhibition of GPX4, Nrf2, and UNC5B counteracted the effects of NTN1 recombinant. Intravenous injection of NTN1 recombinant reduced neuronal loss after CCI and improved motor and cognitive function.

Conclusion

NTN1 had a neuroprotective effect after TBI and inhibited ferroptosis via activating the UNC5B/Nrf2 pathway. These findings may provide potential therapeutic strategies for TBI.
Developmental switch from morphological replication to compensatory growth for salamander lung regeneration
Authors: Yin Binxu , Zhang Kun , Du Xinge , Cai Hao , Ye Tingting , Wang Heng
Published: December 2022

Salamanders possess a pair of lungs for active air breathing, but the lung respiration is fully operational only during the late stage of development, particularly after metamorphosis. Larval salamanders mainly exchange air through the gills and skin, thus sparing the developing lungs. Salamanders can repair their lungs after injury, but a comparative analysis of regenerative responses between the lungs of young and adult animals is lacking. In this study, lung resections were performed in both larval and adult newts (Pleurodeles waltl). The cellular dynamics, tissue morphology and organ function during lung regeneration were examined and the Yap mutants were produced with CRISPR tools. We found that salamander switches the regenerative strategies from morphological replication through the blastema formation to compensatory growth via resident epithelial cells proliferation upon pulmonary resection injury as it transitions beyond metamorphosis. The larval animals achieve lung regeneration by forming a transient blastema‐like structure and regrowing full‐sized developing lungs, albeit unventilated. The adults repair injured lungs via massive proliferating epithelial cells and by expanding the existing alveolar epithelium without neo‐alveolarization. Yap signalling promotes epithelial cell proliferation and prevents epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition to restore functional respiration. The salamanders have evolved distinct regenerative strategies for lung repair during different phases of life. Our results demonstrate a novel strategy for functional lung recovery by inducing epithelial cell proliferation to strengthen the remaining alveoli without rebuilding new alveoli.
Illicit drug use among lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, trans and gender diverse, queer and asexual young people in Australia: Intersections and associated outcomes
Authors: Hill Adam O. , Amos Natalie , Lyons Anthony , Jones Jami , McGowan Ivy , Carman Marina , Bourne Adam
Published: December 2022

Introduction

High rates of illicit drug use have been reported among gay and bisexual young men, however limited research has examined patterns of drug use among the broader population of lesbian, pansexual, trans and gender diverse, asexual and queer (LGBTQA) young people. We examined factors associated with illicit drug use in the past 6 months and lifetime experiences of self‐reported concern with drug use among LGBTQA youth in Australia.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted involving 6418 LGBTQA participants aged 14–21 years, 5914 of whom provided information relating to their use of illicit drugs. Multivariable logistic regressions examined demographic factors and life experiences associated with drug use in the past 6 months and lifetime experiences of self‐reported concern with drug use.

Results

Overall, 26.4% of participants aged 14–17 and 41.9% aged 18–21 reported any drug use in the past 6 months, of whom 23.5% had ever been concerned about their drug use. Cannabis use was most commonly reported (28.3%), followed by ecstasy/MDMA (7.1%), antidepressants (5.6%) and LSD (3.5%). Higher odds of drug use were reported among cisgender men and those who had experienced homelessness or sexual harassment in the past 12 months. Higher odds of self‐identified concern about drug use were observed among participants reporting challenging life experiences.

Discussion and Conclusions

Rates of illicit drug use among LGBTQA young people in this study were considerably higher than those observed in general population youth studies in Australia and were further elevated among those who had experienced LGBTQA‐related prejudice or harassment, or homelessness.
Bone marrow expression of CD68/CD163 macrophages, IL‐17 and FOXP3 cells in aplastic anemia and their relation to prognosis
Authors: Vaht Krista , Brenner Jonas , Ednersson Susanne Bram , Ljungman Per , Brune Mats , Andersson Per‐Ola
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The primary mechanism for bone marrow failure in aplastic anemia (AA) is autoimmune hematopoietic stem cell destruction. AA can be cured with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) treatment, and some smaller studies have indicated that the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) may be predictive of response. Additionally, AA patients appear to have elevated numbers of Th17 cells and bone marrow macrophages, but outcome data are missing.

Methods

We performed immunohistochemistry on bone marrow biopsies from 121 ATG‐treated AA patients and 14 healthy controls, using antibodies against FOXP3 (for Tregs), IL‐17 (for Th17), CD68 (for pan‐macrophages) and CD163 (for M2 type macrophages) to study their possible relation to ATG response and AA prognosis.

Results

AA patients had significantly fewer Tregs and Th17 cells but significantly more macrophages compared with controls. Treg, Th17 and pan‐macrophage cell numbers were not associated with ATG response or differences in survival. Patients with higher levels of M2 macrophages had improved 5‐year overall survival: 79.6% versus 57.4% (p = .017), and this benefit was primarily seen in AA patients with non‐severe disease.

Conclusions

We found that Treg and Th17 cell numbers did not predict ATG response or survival, whereas M2 macrophages may be associated with improved survival.
Landscape‐scale habitat fragmentation is positively related to biodiversity, despite patch‐scale ecosystem decay
Authors: Riva Federico , Fahrig Lenore
Published: December 2022

Positive effects of habitat patch size on biodiversity are often extrapolated to infer negative effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity at landscape scales. However, such cross‐scale extrapolations typically fail. A recent, landmark, patch‐scale analysis (Chase et al., 2020, Nature 584, 238–243) demonstrates positive patch size effects on biodiversity, that is, ‘ecosystem decay’ in small patches. Other authors have already extrapolated this result to infer negative fragmentation effects, that is, higher biodiversity in a few large than many small patches of the same cumulative habitat area. We test whether this extrapolation is valid. We find that landscape‐scale patterns are opposite to their analogous patch‐scale patterns: for sets of patches with equal total habitat area, species richness and evenness decrease with increasing mean size of the patches comprising that area, even when considering only species of conservation concern. Preserving small habitat patches will, therefore, be key to sustain biodiversity amidst ongoing environmental crises.
Combining modified hyper learning binary dragonfly algorithm and deep learning for BI‐RADS classification of breast masses in mammograms
Authors: Khanna Priyanka , Sahu Mridu , Singh Bikesh Kumar , Bhateja Vikrant
Published: December 2022

Background

It has always been difficult and challenging to quantify the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI‐RADS) criteria into several categories. Automatic quantitation can assist clinicians in the early diagnosis and treatment eventually reducing the mortality rate. As a result, in the recent years, early BC diagnosis methods based on pathological breast images have been in high demand.

Method

We propose a computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) system that combines the transfer learning approach with meta‐heuristic optimization, and machine learning to classify BI‐RADS breast masses categories within levels 3 and 4. Transfer learning technique ResNet‐18 is used for high‐level feature extraction. The clinically important features are then chosen using a modified feature selection technique based on the Hyper Learning Binary DragonFly Algorithm (M‐HLBDA). Finally, a Fine K‐nearest neighbour (KNN) is employed for classification.

Result

A series of mammography breast mass images from the curated breast imaging subset of DDSM (CBIS‐DDSM) are evaluated in order to categorize within BI‐RADS levels 3 and 4. Experimental findings demonstrated M‐HLBDA capability to identify the optimal feature subset, which minimizes the number of selected features and maximizes the classification. Our system attained classification accuracy of 87.5%, Sensitivity of 88.8%, Specificity of 86.5%, and AUC of 0.82 using KNN on selected features using M‐HLBDA.

Conclusion

Our model can annotate and classify BI‐RADS levels 3 and 4 with better classification accuracy, and it may be used as an automated system to help radiologists.
Fisheries Oceanography: The first 30 years and new challenges in the 21st century
Authors: Bograd Steven J. , Edwards Martin , Ito Shin‐ichi , Nye Janet , Chappell Emily
Published: December 2022

The journal Fisheries Oceanography provides a global forum for fisheries scientists and oceanographers to understand how marine ecosystems, and the services they provide to society, are structured and shaped by environmental variability and climate change. With this special issue, as well as the 30th Anniversary Virtual Issue of the most influential papers from the journal's history, we commemorate 30 years of publishing leading research in the field of fisheries oceanography. These issues showcase the extent, depth and impact of the research published in Fisheries Oceanography. We also reflect on the evolution of research themes through the journal's history, and highlight key emergent themes in our field. We look forward to continuing to publish impactful research in the pages of Fisheries Oceanography in the years ahead.
Datasets for the reporting of primary tumour in bone: recommendations from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR)
Authors: Bovée Judith V M G , Webster Fleur , Amary Fernanda , Baumhoer Daniel , Bloem J L (Hans) , Bridge Julia A , Cates Justin M M , de Alava Enrique , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo , Jones Kevin B , Mahar Annabelle , Nielsen G Petur , Righi Alberto , Wagner Andrew J , Yoshida Akihiko , Fletcher Christopher D M
Published: December 2022

Background and objectives

Bone tumours are relatively rare and, as a consequence, treatment in a centre with expertise is required. Current treatment guidelines also recommend review by a specialised pathologist. Here we report on international consensus‐based datasets for the pathology reporting of biopsy and resection specimens of bone sarcomas. The datasets were produced under the auspices of the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR), a global alliance of major (inter‐)national pathology and cancer organisations.

Methods and results

According to the ICCR's process for dataset development, an international expert panel consisting of pathologists, an oncologic orthopaedic surgeon, a medical oncologist, and a radiologist produced a set of core and noncore data items for biopsy and resection specimens based on a critical review and discussion of current evidence. All professionals involved were bone tumour experts affiliated with tertiary referral centres. Commentary was provided for each data item to explain the rationale for selecting it as a core or noncore element, its clinical relevance, and to highlight potential areas of disagreement or lack of evidence, in which case a consensus position was formulated. Following international public consultation, the documents were finalised and ratified, and the datasets, including a synoptic reporting guide, were published on the ICCR website.

Conclusion

These first international datasets for bone sarcomas are intended to promote high‐quality, standardised pathology reporting. Their widespread adoption will improve the consistency of reporting, facilitate multidisciplinary communication, and enhance comparability of data, all of which will help to improve management of bone sarcoma patients.
Elevated pan traps optimise the sampling of bees, including when the availability of floral resources is high
Authors: Chamorro Fermín J. , Faria Christiana M. A. , Araújo Francisca S. , Freitas Breno M.
Published: December 2022

To sample bee communities, a combination of methods is necessary, the most common being hand netting (HN) and pan traps (PT). However, there has been little exploration into how vertical distribution of PT can improve their sampling efficiency, also taking the temporal variation of floral resources into account.

Here, we analysed the properties of bee communities sampled with PT at different heights (1.6 and 4.0 m) compared with PTs close to the ground, HN and large blue bucket trap (BB). In addition, we tested the effect of variation in the availability of floral resources on the performance of each method. Bees were collected in fragments of the Brazilian Caatinga.

We captured 60 bee species with PTs, HN and BB, with significant increases in the sample coverage with elevated bowls (BB = 56.7%, HN = 60.0%, PT0.3 m = 23.3%, PT1.6 m = 36.7%, PT4.0 m = 50.0%). Elevating the bowls increased the sampling of bees with larger body size. Considering the three heights, PTs registered similar richness compared to HN and BB, but differed in the composition of species and ecological traits.

When floral resource availability was greater, the abundance and richness of bees caught in PTs decreased, however, the elevated PT increased their ecological uniqueness (degree of uniqueness of the samples in terms of community composition). Thus, elevating PTs enables the capture of bees that forage at a specific height when floral resources increase.

Our results highlight the importance of the vertical distribution of PT for sampling bees, since it improves their performance and its complementarity with other methods.
Long‐pulsed Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm) versus intralesional botulinum toxin type (A) in acne vulgaris therapy: a split face study
Authors: Ibrahim Asia Mohammed , Omar Ghada Abdel Badea , Hamdino Mervat
Published: December 2022

Background

Acne can be considered more than a cosmetic concern due to its large impact on patients' quality of life. There are various therapeutic options for inflammatory acne, but inconvenience and undesirable side effects prompted a search for more acceptable treatments. This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of long‐pulsed Nd: YAG laser 1064 nm versus intralesional botulinum toxin type‐A (BTX‐A) in inflammatory acne therapy.

Methods

A prospective randomized split‐face comparative study involved 30 patients with inflammatory acne. Each patient received long‐pulsed Nd: YAG 1064 nm laser on one side, and intralesional BTX‐A on the other side, monthly until improvement or maximum three sessions. Cases were assessed by acne lesions counting and grading of severity by Investigator's Global Assessment of acne (IGAs) at baseline, each session, and after 3 months follow‐up.

Results

A highly statistically significant improvement in lesions count and IGAs for both sides was observed, with statistically non‐significant difference between both sides at end of treatment sessions. While, after 3 months follow‐up, there was a more significant improvement at laser side.

Conclusion

Both long‐pulsed Nd: YAG laser 1064 nm and intralesional BTX‐A are safe and effective for acne therapy. Nd‐YAG laser has a more prolonged efficacy and lower recurrence rate than intralesional BTX‐A.
Multiple breast cancer liver metastases response to macrophage‐delivered nanotherapy evaluated via a 3D continuum model
Authors: Goodin Dylan A. , Chau Eric , Tiwari Anjana , Godin Biana , Frieboes Hermann B.
Published: December 2022

Breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM) are usually unresectable and difficult to treat with systemic chemotherapy. A major reason for chemotherapy failure is that BCLM are typically small, avascular nodules, with poor transport and fast washout of therapeutics from surrounding capillaries. We have previously shown that nanoalbumin‐bound paclitaxel (nab‐PTX) encapsulated in porous silicon multistage nanovectors (MSV) is preferentially taken up by tumour‐associated macrophages (TAM) in the BCLM microenvironment. The TAM alter therapeutic transport characteristics and retain it in the tumour vicinity, increasing cytotoxicity. Computational modeling has shown that therapeutic regimens could be designed to eliminate single lesions. To evaluate clinically‐relevant scenarios, this study develops a modeling framework to evaluate MSV‐nab‐PTX therapy targeting multiple BCLM. An experimental model of BCLM, splenic injection of breast cancer 4 T1 cells was established in BALB/C mice. Livers were analyzed histologically to determine size and density of BCLM. The data were used to calibrate a 3D continuum mixture model solved via distributed computing to enable simulation of multiple BCLM. Overall tumour burden was analyzed as a function of metastases number and potential therapeutic regimens. The computational model enables realistic 3D representation of metastatic tumour burden in the liver, with the capability to evaluate BCLM growth and therapy response for hundreds of lesions. With the given parameter set, the model projects that repeated MSV‐nab‐PTX treatment in intervals <7 days would control the tumour burden. We conclude that nanotherapy targeting TAM associated with BCLM may be evaluated and fine‐tuned via 3D computational modeling that realistically simulates multiple metastases.
Insect seed and cone predation reduces reproductive potential of treeline conifers across northern Canada
Authors: Brehaut Lucas , Goodwin Katie J. A. , Reid Kirsten A. , Crofts Anna L. , Danby Ryan K. , Mamet Steven D. , Brown Carissa D.
Published: December 2022

Aim

Altitudinal and latitudinal treeline ecotones have not consistently responded to climate warming in the direction and/or magnitude predicted by climate alone, suggesting that non‐climatic mechanisms (e.g. biotic interactions) also mediate treeline range dynamics. Through a collaborative research approach, we assessed environmental conditions associated with pre‐dispersal insect cone granivory and how this biotic interaction may govern the reproductive potential, and therefore range dynamics, of spruce‐dominated treelines across northern Canada.

Location

In all, 10 boreal forest treelines, tundra and alpine, from Yukon to Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

Taxa

White spruce (Picea glauca[Moench] Voss), Black spruce (Picea mariana[Mill.] B.S.P.),Strobilomyiaspp.,Megastigmusspp.

Methods

Treeline sites were assessed for presence and magnitude of pre‐dispersal seed granivory by insects along with viable seed availability. We quantified stand density metrics, organic layer depth and understorey vegetation composition at each location and, subsequently, incorporated those variables into generalized linear mixed models to establish predictors of granivory magnitude and viability of available seed.

Results

Insect granivory was widespread across sites; however, site‐specific patterns of granivory were associated with increased moss cover and decreased shrub cover and stand density. While all black spruce‐dominated sites exhibited seed viability rates > 50%, the number of seeds produced per cone varied, suggesting that within‐site abiotic conditions and biotic interaction pressures limit successful colonization of novel environments in advance of seed dispersal.

Main Conclusions

The modelled relationships between granivory, seed viability and environmental conditions represent an essential step towards generalizing how and when biotic interactions across subarctic treelines influence boreal tree range dynamics before seed dispersal. Connections between granivory magnitude and site‐level treeline characteristics (e.g. stand density, understorey vegetation) will provide a more comprehensive understanding of treeline range dynamics under continued climate change.
Rapid malignant transformation of an intracranial epidermoid cyst: Report of a case
Authors: Narasimhaiah Deepti , Nair Prakash , Kesavadas Chandran , Poyuran Rajalakshmi
Published: December 2022

Intracranial epidermoid cysts (ECs) occur at various locations along the neuraxis and account for nearly 2% of all intracranial tumors. Considering the frequency of ECs, transformation of ECs into squamous cell carcinomas is a rare occurrence. Here, we report the case of a 39‐year‐old man who presented with a lesion in the left cerebellopontine angle and underwent gross total resection for the same. Histopathological examination revealed a benign EC with mild chronic inflammation. Five months later, the patient presented with another lesion at the same location with evidence of brainstem bleed. Histopathological examination revealed a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and remnants of the previous cyst in the form of lamellated keratin, indicating malignant transformation of the EC.
Analyzing factors contributing to COVID‐19 mortality in the United States using artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Tanhaeean Mehrab , Nazari Negin , Iranmanesh Seyed Hosein , Abdollahzade Majid
Published: December 2022

Having started since late 2019, COVID‐19 has spread through far many nations around the globe. Not being known profoundly, the novel virus of the Coronaviruses family has already caused more than half a million deaths and put the lives of many more people in danger. Policymakers have implemented preventive measures to curb the outbreak of the virus, and health practitioners along with epidemiologists have pointed out many social and hygienic factors associated with the virus incidence and mortality. However, a clearer vision of how the various factors cited hitherto can affect total death in different communities is yet to be analyzed. This study has put this issue forward. Applying artificial intelligence techniques, the relationship between COVID‐19 death toll and determinants mentioned as strongly influential in earlier studies was investigated. In the first stage, employing Best‐Worst Method, the weight of the primer contributing factor, effectiveness of strategies, was estimated. Then, using an integrated Best‐Worst Method–local linear neuro‐fuzzy–adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system approach, the relationship between COVID‐19 mortality rate and all factors namely effectiveness of strategies, age pyramid, health system status, and community health status was elucidated more specifically.
Aproximaciones a los mundos juveniles : diálogos iberoamericanos
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Published: December 2022

Aproximaciones a los mundos juveniles. Diálogos iberoamericanos constituye un esfuerzo de interlocución y circulación de investigaciones y miradas sobre estos mundos y sujetos juveniles. Es un trabajo de diálogo centrado en las diversas realidades de los y las jóvenes en Brasil, Colombia y Portugal. Diversidades que, a la vez, se cruzan en un escenario común de incertidumbres, precariedades por superar, anhelos por alcanzar y búsqueda de respuestas de política pública por conquistar.
Acoustic scaling in the European spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas)
Authors: Jézéquel Youenn , Bonnel Julien , Eliès Phillipe , Chauvaud Laurent
Published: December 2022

Sound is an important cue for arthropods. In insects, sound features and sound-producing apparatus are tightly correlated to enhance signal emission in larger individuals. In contrast, acoustic scaling in marine arthropods is poorly described even if they possess similar sound-producing apparatus. Here, the acoustic scaling of the European spiny lobster is analyzed by recording sounds in situ at 1 m from a wide range of body sizes. The dimensions of associated sound-producing apparatus increased with body size, indicating sound features would also be influenced by spiny lobster size. Indeed, temporal sound features changed with body size, suggesting differences in calling songs could be used for spiny lobster acoustic communication. Source levels (peak–peak) ranged from 131 to 164 dB re 1μPa for smaller and larger lobsters, respectively, which could be explained by more efficient resonating structures in larger animals. In addition, dominant frequencies were highly constrained by ambient noise levels, masking the low-frequency content of low intensity sounds from smaller spiny lobsters. Although the ecological function of spiny lobster sounds is not clear yet, these results suggest larger body sizes benefit because louder calls increase the broadcast area and potential interactions with conspecifics, as shown in the insect bioacoustic literature.
AC81 Is a Putative Disulfide Isomerase Involved in Baculoviral Disulfide Bond Formation
Authors: Zhang Huanyu , Kuang Wenhua , Fu Congcong , Li Jiang , Wang Manli , Hu Zhihong
Published: December 2022

Many large DNA viruses, such as poxvirus, asfarvirus, and baculovirus, encode their own sulfhydryl oxidase to facilitate the disulfide bond formation of viral proteins. Here, we show that AC81 functions as a putative disulfide isomerase and is involved in multiple functions of the baculovirus life cycle.
Complete Genome Sequence of Rhodococcus qingshengii Strain PM1, Isolated from a Selenium-Rich Mine in China
Authors: Peng Mu , Zhang Dandan , Wang Chao , Jiang Zhihui , Huang Xiufang , Zhou Fangzhen , Huang Fenglan , Wang Zhiyong
Published: December 2022

Rhodococcus qingshengii
PM1 was isolated from selenium-rich carbonaceous mudstones in Enshi, Hubei, China. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this strain, which was obtained by combining Illumina and Nanopore sequencing.
Previously Unidentified Histone H1-Like Protein Is Involved in Cell Division and Ribosome Biosynthesis in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Severo Vanessa , Souza Rodolpho , Vitorino Francisca , Cunha Julia , Ávila Andréa , Arrizabalaga Gustavo , Nardelli Sheila
Published: December 2022

Histone H1, or linker histone, is an important protein that binds to the nucleosome, aiding chromatin compaction. Here, we characterize for the first time a linker histone in
T. gondii
, named TgH1-like.
Global Phylogeography of Marine
Synechococcus
in Coastal Areas Reveals Strong Community Shifts
Authors: Doré Hugo , Leconte Jade , Guyet Ulysse , Breton Solène , Farrant Gregory K. , Demory David , Ratin Morgane , Hoebeke Mark , Corre Erwan , Pitt Frances D. , Ostrowski Martin , Scanlan David J. , Partensky Frédéric , Six Christophe , Garczarek Laurence
Published: December 2022

Synechococcus
is the second most abundant phytoplanktonic organism on Earth, and its wide genetic diversity allowed it to colonize all the oceans except for polar waters, with different clades colonizing distinct oceanic niches. In recent years, the use of global metagenomics data sets has greatly improved our knowledge of “who is where” by describing the distribution of
Synechococcus
clades or ecotypes in the open ocean.
Trends and rhythms in carbonatites and kimberlites reflect thermo-tectonic evolution of Earth
Authors: Liu Shuang-Liang , Ma Lin , Zou Xinyu , Fang Linru , Qin Ben , Melnik Aleksey E. , Kirscher Uwe , Yang Kui-Feng , Fan Hong-Rui , Mitchell Ross N.
Published: December 2022

Earth's thermo-tectonic evolution determines the way the planet's interior and surface interact and shows temporal changes in both trends and periodic rhythms. By sampling the subcontinental lithospheric mantle that represents the interface between the convecting mantle and the crust, carbonatite and kimberlite should be ideal rock types for documenting this evolution. The first-order secular rise of kimberlites over time has been noted by researchers, but there is much debate over how to interpret this trend, and their second-order variability has received less attention. We compiled a comprehensive global carbonatite database and compared it with an existing kimberlite one. We find that the numbers of carbonatites and kimberlites have similar increasing secular trends, with accelerated growth after ca. 1 Ga, and show the same periodic rhythms that have been synchronized to the supercontinent cycle since ca. 2.1 Ga. We link these trends and rhythms to the long-term change of Earth and the supercontinent cycle, both of which have altered the temperature of, and the subduction-recycled volatile flux into, the subcontinental lithosphere. Such consistent records in carbonatite and kimberlite behavior provide critical evidence for the synchronous thermo-tectonic evolution of the entire subcontinental lithosphere.
Supplemental Material: The good, the bad, and the ugly: Analysis of three arguments in the ongoing debate concerning the polarity of Mesozoic arcs along the western margin of North America
Authors: Lowey Grant W.
Published: December 2022

Supplemental Material S1: A Logic Cheat Sheet.
Supplemental Material: Geochemical signature of a deeply subducted slab in the source of post-collisional magmatism: A case study from the Western Tianshan NW China
Authors: Li Ning-Bo , al. et
Published: December 2022

Table S1: Zircon U-Pb data of the volcaniclastic rocks in the Hamisite Formation. Table S2: Major (wt%) and trace (ppm) elements and Sr-Nd isotope data for the syn-subduction and post-collisional mafic rocks from the Awulale Mountains.
Improving documentation of anticoagulation and antiplatelet recommendations after outpatient endoscopy
Authors: O'Connell Brendon , Boyd Amanda , Kothari Darshan , Miller Neena , Cornejo Jennifer , Sullivan Brian
Published: December 2022

Clear documentation of instructions for resuming anticoagulant and antiplatelet (AC/AP) medications after gastrointestinal endoscopy is essential for high-quality postprocedure care. Yet, these recommendations are frequently absent, which may impact patient safety. We aimed to improve documentation of postprocedural AC/AP instructions through targeted interventions during outpatient endoscopy at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center using validated Quality Improvement methodology. We identified patients on AC/AP agents presenting for outpatient oesophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy and found restart recommendations were documented in only 59.4% of procedures at baseline. After two intervention cycles, which included provider education, nursing prompts and alterations to endoscopic documentation software, postprocedure documentation increased by 26.7%–86.1% when compared with baseline (p<0.001). These interventions, which require low-resource utilisation, could be part of standardised processes readily implemented at other institutions to help potentially reduce postprocedure patient confusion, medication errors and complications.
Development of89Zr-anti-CD103 PET imaging for non-invasive assessment of cancer reactive T cell infiltration
Authors: Kol Arjan , Fan Xiaoyu , Wazynska Marta A. , van Duijnhoven Sander M.J. , Giesen Danique , Plat Annechien , Van Eenennaam Hans , Elsinga Philip H. , Nijman Hans W. , de Bruyn Marco
Published: December 2022

Purpose

CD103, an integrin specifically expressed on the surface of cancer-reactive T cells, is significantly increased during successful immunotherapy across human malignancies. In this study, we describe the generation and zirconium-89 (89Zr) radiolabeling of monoclonal antibody (mAb) clones that specifically recognize human CD103 for non-invasive immune positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging of T cell infiltration as potential biomarker for effective anticancer immune responses.

Experimental design

First, to determine the feasibility of anti-CD103 immuno-PET to visualize CD103-positive cells at physiologically and clinically relevant target densities, we developed an89Zr-anti-murine CD103 PET tracer. Healthy, non-tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice underwent serial PET imaging after intravenous injection, followed by ex vivo biodistribution. Tracer specificity and macroscopic tissue distribution were studied using autoradiography combined with CD103 immunohistochemistry. Next, we generated and screened six unique mAbs that specifically target human CD103 positive cells. Optimal candidates were selected for89Zr-anti-human CD103 PET development. Nude mice (BALB/cOlaHsd-Foxn1nu) with established CD103 expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) or CHO wild-type xenografts were injected with89Zr-anti-human CD103 mAbs and underwent serial PET imaging, followed by ex vivo biodistribution.

Results

89Zr-anti-murine CD103 PET imaging identified CD103-positive tissues at clinically relevant target densities. For human anti-human CD103 PET development two clones were selected based on strong binding to the CD103+CD8+T cell subpopulation in ovarian cancer tumor digests, non-overlapping binding epitopes and differential CD103 blocking properties. In vivo, both89Zr-anti-human CD103 tracers showed high target-to-background ratios, high target site selectivity and a high sensitivity in human CD103 positive xenografts.

Conclusion

CD103 immuno-PET tracers visualize CD103 T cells at relevant densities and are suitable for future non-invasive assessment of cancer reactive T cell infiltration.
Analysis of nanobiofilm flow of Carreau fluid with the effect of buoyancy forces and activation energy: A numerical approach
Authors: Ali Liaqat , Mariam Amna , Ali Bagh , Salamat Nadeem , Abdal Sohaib
Published: December 2022

In the past few years, many technical strategies, such as molding, condenser heat exchanger, liquefied metal filtration, fusion control and nuclear reactor coolant, that involve hydromagnetic fluxes and thermal intensification in porous media have been observed. This study investigates the Carreau nanofluid of nanobiofilm through stretching/shrinking sheet with a stagnant point flow, nanoparticles and convecting microbes. The orthogonal ([Formula: see text] impinge) coating stagnant point circulation of a medium is considered, although the sheet may be stretched/shrinked as the procedure utilized in industry. The variations in the fluid (dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, mass permeability) and microbes are utilized. The similarity transformation factors are used to transform the system of partial differential equations into a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations. To find the solution of a system of equations, the Runge–Kutta method with shooting technique has been used. The flow rate, temperature and concentration, as well as the heat transfer rate, and the physical quantities have been discussed. The nanoparticle volume fraction increases with the increasing effect of activating energy as well as thermophoresis parameter, but it decreases with the enhancing effect of Lewis number (Le) and Brownian motion parameter (Nb). The graphs and tables display the illustration of the influence of different parameters.
A modified point-vortex model for the vortex dynamics in a two-dimensional superfluid Bose gas
Authors: Kong Jiamei , Wu Rukuan
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of the vortices in the homogeneous two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate by considering the condensate density variation. It is shown that the condensate density variation plays an important role when two vortices are close together. By the time-dependent Lagrangian functional method and the numerical simulation, we study how the interaction strength of the vortices varies with the distance between two vortices with the same or different topological charges, and generalize the results for the vortex pairs to the multi-vortex case. The numerical simulations demonstrate the validity of our theory.
Various localized wave structures and dynamical analysis for a (2+1)-dimensional version of fifth-order equation
Authors: Hong Zhi-Yong , Wu Juan-Juan , Wen Xiao-Yong , Hou Ji-Cheng
Published: December 2022

Under investigation is the (2+1)-dimensional version of fifth-order equation, which is an extension of the (1+1)-dimensional fifth-order equation. First, the [Formula: see text]-soliton solutions of this (2+1)-dimensional equation are constructed by using its Hirota bilinear form. Second, through using long-wave limit technique and selecting appropriate parameters for the [Formula: see text]-soliton solutions, diverse localized wave structures including kink soliton, breather, lump solution and their mixed interaction behaviors are obtained, and relevant dynamics features are discussed and analyzed graphically. Finally, some mathematical properties and special physical phenomena are summarized. The results obtained in this paper might be helpful to deepen the understanding of the interaction evolution of nonlinear localized waves.