bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
α‐fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in pancreatobiliary disease with and without jaundice
Authors: Satake Katsusuke , Cho Keishoku , Umeyama Kaoru
Published: February 2007

A comparative study of α‐fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in serum was made by radioimmunoassay in 66 patients with pancreatobiliary disease with and without obstructive jaundice, biliary concentrations of these proteins were assayed in 12 patients with benign and 7 patients with malignant disease. There was no statistical difference in serum AFP between these two groups but there was a difference in serum CEA. Although CEA and AFP in bile in both groups were higher than in serum there was no statistical difference in serum CEA and AFP in patients with and without obstructive jaundice in either benign or malignant disease. In benign disease, patients with inflammation had higher serum CEA than normal. Although there was no statistical difference in serum CEA in patients with and without liver metastases, the serum CEA in liver metastases was significantly higher than in benign disease.

We concluded that AFP is unlikely to be important in the assessment or management of patients with cancers other than those derived from the liver or yolk sac, and that the elevation of serum CEA in patients with malignant pancreatobiliary disease either with or without obstructive jaundice occurs mainly in the presence of widespread malignancy, especially in liver metastases.
Probiotics: Nonantigenic tissue fractions in cancer control
Authors: Nutini Leo G. , Sperti Georce S. , Fardon John C. , Duarte Alehandro G. , Freidel John F.
Published: February 2007

The effects of probiotics, nonantigenic fractions of normal and malignant cells on tumors, and of similar fractions of normal cells on bacteria and viruses are discussed. The effects are considered in relation to tumor growth and development. In a control group of mice given subcutaneous inoculations only of viable dbrB tumor cells in DBA/1 mice, 100% developed tumors. In a group receiving subcutaneous and intravenous injections of tumor cells and given the tumor fractions, 20% developed lung tumors and 53% developed subcutaneous tumors. In an experiment in which mice received only intravenous injections of viable tumor cells and the tumor fractions, 100% of the controls died with no deaths occurring in the treated group. It is concluded that nonantigenic cellular fractions (probiotics) effective in inducing resistance to some bacterial and viral diseases are effective in inducing resistance to tumors in an inbred strain of mice.
Effect of operation on peripheral lymphocyte counts and production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cancer patients
Authors: Mukherjee Manjari , Sahasrabuddhe M. B.
Published: February 2007

Lymphocyte bioenergetics in cancer patients undergoing surgery is largely unexplored. The effect of surgery on total lymphocyte counts and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production is reported. Lymphocyte ATP was assayed by the coupled enzymatic method using hexokinase and glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and lymphocyte counts were calculated from total leukocyte counts and differential counts.

Lymphocyte ATP assay and counts were carried out in 13 patients pre‐ and postoperatively, and lymphocyte counts were scored in six more patients similarly. In 69% of the patients lymphocyte ATP production was depressed postoperatively, and this condition appeared to be associated with cancer spread and immunosuppressive tumors. Postoperative increase in lymphocyte ATP was observed following hysterectomy, colostomy, and also after blood transfusion. The significance of the findings are discussed. Changes in postoperative lymphocyte counts correlated with lymphocyte ATP in 62% of the cases.
Esophageal granular cell tumors report of two multicentric cases with observations on their natural histories
Authors: Cone John B. , Wetzel William J.
Published: February 2007

Two cases of multicentric esophageal granular cell tumors are presented. Treatment was by biopsy only and follow‐up for several years revealed persistent granular cell tumor but no aggressive behavior. A review of the literature is carried out to define the natural history and optimal therapy for these tumors.
Effect of altered thyroid status on lysosomal enzymes and thymidylate synthetase activity in tumors and livers of host animals
Authors: Al‐Jurf Adel S. , Suleiman Suleiman A. , Erenberg Allen P.
Published: February 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not alternations in tumor growth induced by changes in thyroid status were mediated through changes in key enzymes, whose activity is known to be influenced by thyroid hormones. The activities of three lysosomal enzymes (cathepsin B1, cathepsin D, and acid phosphatase) and thymidylate synthetase were measured in implanted mammary tumors as well as in the livers of host animals that were either euthyroid, hypothyroid, or hyperthyroid. Hypothyroidism produced no significant change in enzyme activity in the tumors. Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, did cause a significant increase in the activity of all lysosomal enzymes in the tumors, but did not affect thymidylate synthetase levels. In the livers of the host animals, hypothyroidism produced a significant decrease in cathepsin B1 and a significant increase in acid phosphatase but did not change cathepsin D or thymidylate synthetase levels. Hyperthyroidism produced‐a significant increase in all enzymes measured in the livers of the host animals. The significant decrease in tumor weight with hypothyroidism did not correlate with the insignificant changes in the enzymes tested. Similarly, there was no correlation between the significant increase in the enzymes levels found with hyperthyroidism and the insignificant change in tumor weight.
Carcinoid and other tumors metastatic to the breast
Authors: Kashlan R. B. , Powell R. W. , Nolting S. F.
Published: February 2007

Carcinoid tumor metastatic to the breast is extremely unusual; only six cases have been reported in the literature to date. Because of the rarity of these tumors primary or metastatic in the breast, and because tumors in general seldom metastasize to the breast, a review of primary carcinoid of the breast and tumors metastatic to the breast is included.
Therapeutic considerations in the management of melanoma
Authors: Kaiser C. William , Ostfeld David
Published: February 2007

The utilization of Breslow‐Clark microstaging has proved helpful in deciding whether or not to perform elective regional node dissection for patients with melanoma. The marked biologic diversity of this disease, however, mandates a strict therapeutic policy of individualization with respect to prognostic variables and special clinical presentation. Specifically, melanomas associated with ulcerations, truncal location, and regional node involvement appear to be more aggressive. Lesions with cutaneous penetration more than 1.5 mm in depth, and showing blood and lymphatic vessel invasion are more often associated with regional node involvement and worse prognosis. The association of any of these adverse prognostic signs with an intermediate thickness lesion (0.76–1.5 mm) may justify elective node dissection. Head and neck, mucosal, and subungual melanomas are all associated with poor prognosis due to rapid growth and early dissemination. The role of elective node dissection in these patients is unclear.
Enterovesical fistula complicating mediterranean lymphoma
Authors: Al‐Janabi Talal , Al‐Saleem Tahseen
Published: February 2007

A young Iraqi woman was treated for pathologically documented alpha heavy chain negative Mediterranean lymphoma (MTL). Fourteen months later, she developed entero‐vesical fistula. On reexploration, an extensive abdominal lymphoma was discovered. Pathologically, the neoplastic cells were true histiocytic rather than lymphoplasmacytic.
Effect of perorally administered BCG on recurrent breast cancer
Authors: Kimura Morihiko
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐eight patients with recurrent breast carcinoma were examined. Of them, 19 were evaluable for an oral route of BCG administration. Seven (37%) have had partial response (6 bone; 1 supraclavicular lymphonodus), 8 (42%) have shown no change, and 4 (21%) have shown failure.

No remarkable side effects were observed by this administration.

With regard to immunoresponse by oral administration of BCG, all tendencies such as increase of skin reactions, T‐cells percent, PHA response of lymphocytes, and decrease of IgG FcR + T‐cells useful for estimating a good prognosis.

These data suggest that peroral route of BCG may produce some beneficial effects for bone metastatic lesions of recurrent breast cancer.
Self‐retaining ureteral stent catheters in the management of urologic complications of gynecologic malignancies
Authors: Yoonessi Mahmood , Sanchez Frank
Published: February 2007

Fifteen patients with ureteral obstruction secondary to advanced and/or recurrent gynecologic malignancies underwent endoscopic (3) or surgical transvesical (12) insertion of Gibbons (12) or Double “J” (3) stent catheters. Renal function improvement was noted in all but one patient who had renal parenchymal disease. No complication attributable to the insertion procedure was recorded. This approach to the treatment of ureteral occlusion in patients with gynecologic cancer is discussed and recommended.
Erythropoietin‐dependent erythrocytosis associated with hepatic angiosarcoma
Authors: Rothmann Susan A. , Savage Richard A. , Paul Philip
Published: February 2007

Erythropoietin (Ep)‐dependent erythrocytosis was discovered in a 77‐year old man with angiosarcoma involving the liver and spleen. At autopsy, tissue from tumorous and normal sections of liver was obtained and extracts prepared for Ep assay in exhypoxic polycythemic mice. Neither tumor nor normal extracts had Ep activity; however, when the extracts were incubated with normal plasma prior to assay, significant amounts of Ep were generated. The normal liver tissue had three times the activity of the tumorous portion, 0.21 U/ml. These results suggest that the tissue contained an Ep activator, probably erythrogenin. It is proposed that the greater amount of erythrogenin activity in the normal tissue may reflect an attempt at liver regeneration following damage by an invading tumor, as regenerating liver has been identified as a stimulus for extrarenal Ep and erythrogenin production.
Carcinoembryonic antigen as a monitor of recurrent breast cancer
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N.(Margaret)
Published: February 2007

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test was performed at the time of diagnosis in 136 patients with early operable breast carcinoma (stage I = 65, stage II = 71). Only 4% had CEA levels greater than 5 ng/ml. Patients with axillary metastasis (stage II) had higher incidence of abnormal CEAs than those with disease localized to the breast (stage I). Follow‐up CEA tests were performed on 243 patients after mastectomy. In this group, 50 patients developed recurrent disease and 48% had elevated CEA levels. Patients with chest‐wall recurrences rarely had abnormal CEAs, while those with visceral metastasis had higher levels. Among the 193 patients known to be without recurrence, 10% also had elevated CEAs. Excluding inflammatory, hepatic, and renal diseases, the most common medical conditions which could explain such false elevations are diabetes, hypertension, and organic heart disease.
Gastric malignancy: Ten year experience at a community teaching hospital
Authors: Ruggiero Robert P. , Fischer Sharon
Published: February 2007

A ten‐year review of gastric malignancy was undertaken and several factors examined. The degree of organ involvement played a significant role in determination of survival. Surgical resection, either palliative or curative, was associated with a more favorable short‐term survival and bypass alone appeared to add nothing to patient survival time. The general lack of symptoms in early gastric cancer appears to be a major determinant of the advanced state of malignancy in these patients. Early screening may represent a partial solution to this dilemma.
Morphological studies of peripheral monocytes during in vitro maturation by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Krishnan Engikolai C. , Menon Cheruvillil D. , Krishnan Leela , Jewell William R.
Published: February 2007

Human peripheral monocytes were cultured in autologous serum over a period of 14 days. Morphological changes were observed in both light and scanning electron microscopy. Nonspecific esterase, Fc receptor, and phagocytic activites were studied using antibody‐coated sheep erythrocytes. Though the spreading of cytoplasm was observable in a light microscope, scanning electron microscopic pictures revealed several interesting changes during the culture period. The number of filopodia and microvilli increased as the duration in culture increased. At the end of 7 days, almost pure monocytes remained in culture. These cells were characteristically 98–100% nonspecific‐esterase positive, Fc‐receptor positive, and highly phagocytic. This technique may be of value in understanding changes due to various specific and nonspecific immune stimulators.
Prevention of intravascular metastases of B16 murine melanoma: Adjuvant chemotherapy with actinomycin D
Authors: Richie Jerome P.
Published: February 2007

Actinomycin D was tested in an experimental preparation to determine its efficacy in the prevention of intravenous metastases. B16 melanoma cells were injected intravenously in syngeneic C57/BL6 mice. Two cell lines of the tumor, designated F1 and F10, with widely different metastatic potentials, were maintained in tissue culture and utilized for evaluation of pulmonary metastases. When actinomycin D was given intraperitoneally at doses of 0.05 and 0.075 mg/kg for 5 days, the number of pulmonary metastases was significantly decreased (P<.001) in both the F1 and F10 cell lines. Although reduction did occur with a single dose, maximum reduction of pulmonary metastases was effected with a dose schedule adminstered over 5 days. Evaluation of a group of mice 2 and 3 wk after injection of tumor cells revealed that the effects of actinomycin D were not secondary to delay in tumor growth but did represent highly significant differences in numbers of metastatic lesions.

It is concluded that in this experimental preparation actinomycin D, given in an adjuvant setting, can significantly reduce the number of pulmonary metastases. This study may have bearing on the design of adjuvant intraoperative and perioperative chemotherapy in order to destroy circulating tumor cells.
Treatment of asymptomatic metastatic cancer to the liver from primary colon and rectal cancer by the intraarterial administration of chemotherapy and radioactive isotopes
Authors: Ariel Irving M. , Padula Guido
Published: February 2007

Forty patients with asymptomatic metastatic cancer to the liver discovered at the time of laparotomy were treated by combined intrahepatic arterial chemotherapy and internal irradiation in the form of 90Yttrium microspheres. One group of 25 patients were treated by a catheter inserted at the time of operation and received 100 mCi; of 90Yttrium microspheres and 5‐fluorouracil on a continuing basis. They survived an average of 26 mo (varying from 9 to 60 mo). The second series of 15 patients referred after surgery were treated by the percutaneous insertion of the catheter into the hepatic artery and received a bolus of combined chemotherapy consisting of PlatinolTM, Methotrexate, and 5‐fluorouracil. They survived an average of 31 mo, which varied from 12 to 60 mo. The dose of 100 mCi of 90Yttrium was well tolerated by the liver. Prospective studies are in progress, limiting the treatment to the internal irradiation to determine its precise role in the overall treatment of metastatic cancer to the liver.
Partial protection of the gastric toxicity of regional 5‐fluorouracil infusion by thymidine and cimetidine
Authors: Al‐Jurf Adel S.
Published: February 2007

Gastric ulceration resulted from regional (infusion) chemotherapy when high doses of 5‐fluorouracil were accidently infused into the stomach during hepatic artery infusions. A method for reproduction of those ulcers was established by gastric artery infusions. A trial to protect against such development with thymidine produced only partial protection. Measurement of gastric acid output in animals receiving one dose of 5‐fluorouracil showed no change in basal acid secretion but a significant decrease in histamine‐stimulated output. Partial protection from ulcer development was also accomplished with cimetidine alone.
Steroid receptors in tumors of nerve sheath origin
Authors: Chaudhuri Prabir K. , Walker Michael J. , Das Gupta Tapas K. , Beattie Craig W.
Published: February 2007

The present study dearly demonstrates that neurofibromas and neurofibrosarcomas are devoid of cytosol receptor for steroid. These observations are in sharp contrast to the significant incidence of receptors in soft tissue and osseous sarcomas and raise doubts that steroids exert a direct effect on the growth of these tumors.
Common‐sense untoward factors in lung cancer resection
Authors: Valente Maurizio , Pastorino Ugo , Cataldo Ignazio , Piva Luigi , Muscolino Giuseppe , Ravasi Gianni
Published: February 2007

Four common‐sense untoward factors (age over 60, pneumonectomy, microresidual disease, and postoperative empyema) were retrospectively evaluated in a consecutive series of 199 surgically apparently complete non‐oat cell lung cancer resections. By single‐factor analysis all factors showed a lower survival that was contingent for microresidual disease and age over 60. For stage I tumors the negative impact on survival was significant for all except empyema, and for stage II and III tumors only for empyema. Without confounding factors, microresidual disease and age over 60 were negative prognostic factors only for distant mortality, empyema a negative prognostic factor only for early mortality, and pneumonectomy a probable negative prognostic factor for both early and distant mortality. It is concluded that the scientific method used confirmed the prognostic assessment of common sense for these four factors.
In vivo holography of vocal cords
Authors: Raviv G. , Marhic M. E. , Scanlon E. F. , Sener S. F. , Epstein M.
Published: February 2007

A new holographic technique is utilized to obtain in vivo three dimensional photographic records. The development of a holographic endoscopic camera (endoholoscope or holocamera) provides a unique method of diagnosis of internal organs and tissues. A hologram of the larynx of an anesthetized dog shows details which could not be observed by indirect laryngoscopy.
In vivo delayed hypersensitivity reactions to partially purified human melanoma antigens
Authors: Sutherland Carl M. , Leong Stanley P. L. , Cooperband Sidney R. , Deckers Peter J. , Hornung Maria O. , Krementz Edward T.
Published: February 2007

Sera from patients receiving autologous cell immunization were shown to contain antibody specific for melanoma cells by immunofluorescence, microcomplement fixation, and mixed hemadsorption. These hyperimmune specific sera were used to define antigens shed into tissue culture media from human malignant melanoma cells. When supernatants from cultured melanoma cells were passed over a Sephadex G‐200 column, melanoma‐antigens were found in Peak 2. The active fraction was further purified by carboxymethylcellulose ion exchanger and found in the 0.4 M NaCl gradient. This fraction has been tested in four immunized patients and in one nonimmunized melanoma patient. All five patients developed lymphocytic vasculitis compatible with delayed hypersensitivity reaction. These antigens should be of benefit in studying delayed hypersensitivity in melanoma patients and as potential agents for specific immunotherapy.
Mallory‐weiss syndrome secondary to cis‐platinum chemotherapy: An unusual complication
Authors: Lubicz Stephane , Shafir Michail , Diamond Sharon , Monosan Robert , Cohen Carmel
Published: February 2007

The Mallory‐Weiss syndrome is a relatively infrequent cause of digestive tract bleeding and most cases have been described in alcoholics. Nonoperative management is frequently successful. We present here a case of sudden onset of wretching and vomiting after IV infusion of cis‐platinum for recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix in which the patient had profuse hematemesis secondary to three posterior gastroesophageal tears requiring operative intervention after failure of nonsurgical management. This is an unusual complication of antineoplastic chemotherapy and its prevention is emphasized in this paper.
The importance of treatment sequence in advanced and metastatic carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Awrich Alan E. , Peetz Michael E. , Moseley H. Stephens , Keenan Edward , Davenport Charlene E. , Fletcher William S.
Published: February 2007

From 1965 to the present, 287 patients with advanced and metastatic carcinoma of the breast have been treated according to a uniform philosophy of sequential therapy. Surgical castration was the initial procedure for premenopausal women and for postmenopausal women with clinical or laboratory evidence of endocrine responsive tumors. Tumor progression following castration was treated with major endocrine ablation, either adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy. Patients who relapsed following major ablation were treated with antiestrogen therapy as it became available. Nonresponders to major ablation and patients relapsing after antiestrogen therapy were treated with combination chemotherapy including cytoxan, methotrexate, 5‐fluorouracil, and vincristine followed by adriamycin alone or in combination. Progression following chemotherapy was treated with additive hormonal therapy. Radiation therapy was used throughout for the control of localized disease, usually following complete hormonal ablation, except in cases of brain and spinal metastatic disease. The median survival for the entire group was 40.5 months from the onset of metastatic disease. Patients who responded to both oophorectomy and major ablation had a median survival of 61 months, which compares favorably to survival of 14 to 22 months reported in major combination chemotherapy trials. Survival following this method of sequential therapy is superior to other plans of management.
Estrogen receptor status in inflammatory breast carcinoma
Authors: Harvey Harold A. , Lipton Allan , Lawrence Bellarmine V. , White Deborah S. , Wells Samuel A. , Blumenschein George , Lee David
Published: February 2007

Sixteen women with a clinical diagnosis of inflammatory breast carcinoma had estrogen receptor analysis performed. Eleven of 16 were premenopausal. Median age of all patients was 46 years. All patients had estrogen receptor (ER) assay by either dextran charcoal method or by sucrose gradient method. Five patients were ER+ (⩾ fmol/mg cytosol protein) and 11 were ER‐, with almost no binding at all. Response to therapy for metastatic disease using either hormones or chemotherapy was disappointing.
Hormone receptor levels related to histological parameters of tumor‐host relationships in female breast carcinoma
Authors: Syrjänen Kari J. , Kosma Veli‐Matti
Published: February 2007

A series of 115 female breast carcinomas was studied with special emphasis on the relationships between the hormone receptor (ER and PR) levels and the histological parameters reflecting tumor‐host reactivity. Carcinomas were classified according to their nuclear grade (NG) and the stromal host reactions; perivenous lymphocyte infiltration (PVI), lymphocyte (LI), plasma cell (PCI), and mast cell infiltration (MI) were assessed. NG did correlate directly with the ER positivity, but not with the absolute ER values. LI and PCI, but not MI and PVI, showed an inverse relation to the ER values, but not to those of PR. ER and to lesser extent the PR values were higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women. The findings are discussed in the light of tumor‐host relationships, and conclusion is drawn that the receptor determinations used in connection with the histological evaluation of these parameters (NG especially) are of definite benefit in dividing the breast cancer patients into groups of different expectancy of the future outcome of their disease.
Growth of squamous cell esophageal carcinoma observed by serial esophagographies
Authors: Takagi Iwao , Karasawa Kazuo
Published: February 2007

Early superficial‐type squamous cell esophageal carcinoma is seldom detected by esophagography. Review of the records at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital revealed seven cases in which serial esophagograms were available to observe the growth pattern and speed of squamous cell esophageal carcinoma from its early superficial to advanced invasive stages. The esophageal carcinomas were found to grow very rapidly longitudinally as well as horizontally compared to gastric carcinomas. The longitudinal growth of the lesion appears to be constant and can be expressed as a linear function of time. Importance of early detection should be stressed in order to improve the poor cure rate of this fast‐growing tumor.
Effects of diethylstilbestrol diphosphate on serum and tissue ribonuclease levels in prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Erkan Ilhan , Ciliv Gonenc , Remzi Dogan
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐six patients with prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were studied. Transurethral resection (TUR) was performed in all, and serum and tissue ribonuclease (RNase) levels were determined with the spectrophotometric method using yeast RNA as the substrate. In patients with untreated prostatic carcinoma, statistically significant increased RNase levels were found in serum and tissue. Treatment with di‐ethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DESDP) led to a decrease in RNase levels. In the same patients RNase serum levels after DESDP treatments also showed a parallel decrease with serum prostatic acid phosphatase (sPAP) levels. We have concluded that the serum RNase measurement may be useful for TNM classification and immunostaging.
Excretion of tumor‐associated antigen(s) in the urine of patients with colon carcinoma
Authors: Finck Sanford J. , Gupta Rishab K. , Giuliano Armando E. , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

Urine samples collected from patients with colon carcinoma and from normal donors were tested for antigenic activity by the microcomplement fixation assay. When autologous serum was used as the antibody source, 65.4% (17/26) of the urine samples from patients with colon carcinoma were positive for antigen as opposed to only 10% (2/20) from normal volunteers. Absorption of a representative serum with cultured colon cancer cells completely removed reactivity against its autologous urine. Using this serum to screen urine from colon carcinoma patients, antigenic activity was found in 71.4% (30/46) of the samples; however, only 10% (2/20) of the urine samples from apparently healthy volunteers were positive. Analysis of urine samples collected from three patients before and after resection of their primary colon carcinoma and from nine patients undergoing hyperthermia for liver metastases revealed that two of the patients who had curative surgical procedures had marked decreases in urinary antigen levels by the second postoperative day, while the third patient whose disease was unresectable had no significant decrease. Seven of nine patients with metastatic disease had a greater than four fold increase in antigen activity after hyperthermia and chemotherapy. These results suggest that tumor‐associated antigens were excreted into urine, possibly the result of treatment‐caused tumor necrosis. Therefore, assessment of tumor‐associated antigen(s) in the urine of patients with colon carcinoma may serve as a marker for response to treatment of this disease.
The influence of pancreatic hormones and diabetogenic procedures on erythropoietin production
Authors: Naughton Brian A. , Naughton Gail K. , Liu Philip , Zuckerman Gary B. , Gordon Albert S.
Published: February 2007

The influence of the pancreas on renal and extrarenal erythropoietin (Ep) production and on the elaboration of the hepatic erythropoietic factor (HEF) was studied in these experiments. Insulin was found to elevate Ep levels in the anephric hypoxic rat when compared to controls, whereas glucagon treatment augmented the hepatic Ep response to hypoxia in the sub‐totally hepatectomized (hepx) animal while lowering it in the renal intact rat. Production of experimental diabetes either through chemical induction by alloxan or following pancreatectomy diminished the Ep response in all groups tested. Treatment with antiglucagon caused an elevation in the Ep response to hypoxia in the intact rat but lowered Ep levels in the hepx animal. In addition, glucagon and a synthetic hepatotrophic agent (L‐histidyl L‐lysine acetate) stimulated HEF production in the hepx rat, although none of the agents tested were capable of enhancing HEF levels in the intact rat.
Evaluation of tumor aggressiveness in breast carcinoma according to a scoring method
Authors: Wernicke Mario , Podesta Augusto
Published: February 2007

A scoring system was used to classify 310 patients with breast carcinoma. Tumors were divided and scored according to their architectural patterns and histological features of known prognostic significance such as tumor volume, nuclear grade, mitosis, etc. According to the scoring value, tumors were classified as aggressive (A), moderately aggressive (M), and low aggressive (L). Results showed a higher rate of metastasis in patients with A tumors (72%) and M tumors (63%) when compared with L tumors (22%). There were 175 patients with axillary lymph node metastasis. Of these, 101 had A tumors, 91 had recurrences (90%), and 81 died (80%); of the 56 patients with M tumors, 26 had recurrences (46%) and 9 died (16%) (P < 0.001). None of the 18 cases classified as L recurred (P < 0.001). There were 135 patients with no nodal metastasis: 39 had A tumors (21 recurrences [54%] and 19 deaths [49%]) and 96 had M and L tumors (1 recurrence [1%] and no deaths) (P < 0.001).
Lipomas of the tongue—Report of two cases
Authors: Jablokow Victor R. , Bavafa Shariar
Published: February 2007

Two cases of lipomas originating in the tongue are described. They were incidentally found in 71 and 62‐year‐old males. The tumors were removed and did not recur two and three years after complete excision.
Low‐grade keratinizing squamous carcinoma recurrent in same extremity three times in nine years via local embolic interstitial dermal metastasis
Authors: Burkett Frank E. , Jernstrom Paul H.
Published: February 2007

A case of low‐grade, keratinizing squamous carcinoma recurring at progressively distal levels in the same extremity four times in nine years in a 59‐year‐old Caucasian woman is presented. It is theorized that this represents a progression of the same tumor via embolic interstitial spread.
Transitional cell carcinoma of the anterior urethra
Authors: Harty James I. , Mojsejenko Irene K.
Published: February 2007

We report a case of transitional cell carcinoma of the anterior male urethra. Unlike squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior urethra, which usually requires partial penectomy, transitional cell carinoma of this location can be managed with conservative local resection and preservation of the penis. Possible explanations for the origin of this lesion are discussed.
Long‐term intraarterial chemotherapy infusion of ambulatory head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Baker Shan R. , Wheeler Richard H.
Published: February 2007

The complications of percutaneous intraarterial infusion chemotherapy of the head‐and‐neck‐cancer patient has dampened enthusiasm for this approach. A totally implantable infusion pump system circumvents many of these complications and will in the long term enhance the opportunity to expand upon the advantanges of infusion chemotherapy for the benefit of all cancer patients.
Teratoma of thyroid gland in infancy: Review of the literature and two case reports
Authors: Fisher John E. , Cooney Donald R. , Voorhess Mary L. , Jewett Theodore C.
Published: February 2007

Teratomas of the cervical area are relatively rare tumors — only 132 cases have been reported. This paper adds two more cases to the literature and reviews the important clinical aspects of the disease. This tumor commonly presents in early infancy with increasing respiratory distress; polyhydramnios is commonly associated with tumors greater than 10 cm in diameter. They are always benign in infants and are believed to arise from the thyroid gland. Prompt surgical removal is mandatory. Thyroid function studies should be initiated preoperatively, if feasible, and definitely postoperatively to avoid the possible complication of hypothyroidism in the young infant.
Adjuvant chemotherapy (CMF) for breast carcinoma: Hematological side effects
Authors: Lee Yeu‐tsu N.(Margaret)
Published: February 2007

Seventy‐five patients accepted postmastectomy adjuvant CMF chemotherapy for stage II and III carcinoma of the breast. All patients, irrespective of age, were started on the same drug dosages. About 42% of the patients had leukopenia during the first two cycles; this rate was similar for patients who dropped out of the program early and those who stayed on for six or more months. Patients who developed leukopenia early are more likely to receive less than 65% of mean total CMF dosages (MTD). Otherwise, 30% of patients that never had leukopenia or had leukopenia that appeared late received more than 85% of the prescribed CMF. In our series, postmenopausal patients did not have more problem with leukopenia than premenopausal patients (thrombocytopenia occurred rarely in both groups). Among the 58 patients who had CMF for 6 months or longer, 79% had less than 85% MTD of CMF. The dosages had to be reduced for drug‐related and other reasons, and leukopenia only accounted for 22% of patients who had reduced CMF dosages.
Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix: A report of two cases
Authors: Lee Shiong S. , Song Ki T.
Published: February 2007

Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix is rare; approximately 200 cases have been reported. Preoperative diagnosis is extremely difficult. We report two cases with two distinctive histologic patterns of adenocarcinoma resulting in different outcomes. The classification and treatment of primary epithelial malignant tumors of the appendix are also discussed.
Selection of gastrectomy for adenocarcinomas arising in the gastric fundus
Authors: Papachristou Dimitrios N. , Fortner Joseph G.
Published: February 2007

A retrospective study involving 174 patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastric fundus treated with proximal subtotal (PS), extended proximal subtotal (EPS), total (T), and extended total (ET) gastrectomy showed that 1)there were no statistically significant differences in operative mortality between the four gastrectomy types; 2)ET was associated with a significantly lower incidence of local recurrence than T (P < 0.05) and PS (P < 0.001); 3)ET resulted in a significantly higher survival rate than PS or T (P < 0.01) when the three procedures were applied in patients who had TNM stage I and II tumors; 4)patients with stage III and IV tumors did poorly regardless of gastrectomy type. The study implies that intraoperative tumor staging might identify stage I and II patients who benefit the most from radical surgery and those with stage III and IV tumors who should receive palliative surgery.
Erythrocyte survival studies in a rat myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Derelanko Michael J. , Meagher Richard C. , Lobue Joseph , Khouri Janine A. , Gordon Albert S.
Published: February 2007

To determine the extent intrinsic erythrocyte defects and/or extrinsic factors were involved in anemia of rats bearing Shay chloroleukemia (SCL), survival of 3H‐DFP labeled erythrocytes was studied in leukemic and non‐leukemic hosts. Red blood cells labeled before induction of leukemia, were rapidly lost from the peripheral circulation of SCL rats in terminal stages of disease. However, labeled erythrocytes from terminal SCL animals displayed normal lifespans when transfused into nonleukemic controls. Thus the anemia of this leukemia probably resulted from extrinsic factors associated with the leukemic process. Hemorrhage appeared to be primarily responsible for the anemia of this disease.
Use of serum copper/zinc ratio in patients with large bowel cancer
Authors: Gray Bruce N. , Walker Colin , Barnard R.
Published: February 2007

The serum copper/zinc ratio was measured in 44 patients bearing primary large bowel malignancies. Measurements were repeated following removal of the primary tumour and again at the time of development of clinical evidence of cancer recurrence in order to evaluate the clinical value of the ratio to accurately reflect the presence or absence of malignancy. Estimation of serum copper levels do reflect the presence of malignancy, but the copper/zinc ratio is of no added value. As other acute phase proteins have been shown to be superior to serum copper as markers for monitoring of cancer patients, it is concluded that in patients with large bowel cancer, monitoring with serum copper/zinc is of no clinical value.
Effect of operation on cell‐mediated immune response to autologous tumor extract in cancer patients
Authors: Miyazaki Soichiro , Akiyoshi Tsuyoshi , Kawaguchi Michihiro , Koba Fumio , Arinaga Shinya , Wada Tetsuya , Tsuji Hideo
Published: February 2007

Utilizing lymphocyte proliferation assay, effects of operation on cell‐mediated immune response to autologous tumor extract were studied in 33 patients with gastric or colon carcinoma. To evaluate the lymphocyte proliferation response to autologous tissue extract preoperatively, the lymphocytes were left in culture for 24–30 hours before addition of the extract while 3 M KC1 extract of autologous tissue was being processed. A significant level (P < 0.001) of correlation was observed between stimulation index values to autologous tumor extract added at the initiation of culture and after a 24–30–hour period of incubation. Using this type of assay system, lymphocyte proliferation response to autologous tumor extract was examined immediately before operation and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after operation serially. Data comparing the responses of 20 patients who had curative resection and 13 patients who underwent noncurative resection appeared to fall into three categories in each group. The clinical courses of these patients in each category might clarify the significance of changes in the response following operation.
Choice of operative procedure for adenocarcinoma of the gastric antrum: A study based on TNM classification
Authors: Papachristou Dimitrios N. , Fortner Joseph G.
Published: February 2007

This is a retrospective study comparing the results of distal subtotal (DST), total (T), and extended total (ET) gastrectomy in a group of 143 patients with adenocarcinomas of the antrum. Of those, 52 had TNM stage I and II tumors and 91 had stage II and IV tumors. Operative mortality was 10% with DST, 23% with T, and 16% with ET. The incidence of recurrence of the tumor at the gastrectomy site was 26% for DST, 27% for T, and only 9% for ET. In stages I and II, the difference of recurrence in favor of ET was significant (P < 0.05). Analysis of survival data without TNM staging showed no significant difference between the three procedures. TNM staging indicated that that surgical treatment, regardless of procedure, salvaged only five out of 91 stage III and IV patients. The choice of procedure made a difference only in stages I and II, where ET was associated with a significantly higher survival than DST (P < 0.02). The study suggested that intraoperative staging might be of value in selecting the proper type of gastrectomy. This could be accomplished with node sampling because tumor size corresponds poorly with TNM stage.
Primary procedure in carcinoma of the tongue: Local resection versus combined local resection and radical neck dissection
Authors: Ferrara John , Beaver Bonnie L. , Young Donn , James Arthur G.
Published: February 2007

Whether to perform local resection alone (LR) or to combine local resection with ipsilateral radical neck dissection (LR and RND) as primary treatment for carcinoma clinically confined to the tongue is controversial. To compare the outcomes of the two procedures, we reviewed the records of 502 patients treated for carcinoma of the tongue from 1949 to 1974, 128 of whom had no evidence of disease beyond the tongue. Immediate LR and RND was performed in 39; 16 (41%) had recurrences, and 14 (36%) died. On the other hand, 89 patients underwent LR alone; 43 (48%) had recurrences, and 29 (31%) died. All were followed for a minimum of 5 years or until their deaths. There was no statistical difference between the two procedures in recurrence or outcome. The two groups were compared with respect to tumor size according to the TNM classification, and no significant differences in recurrence or survival were apparent. LR alone appears to be adequate primary treatment for patients with no evidence of metastatic disease, provided close postoperative follow‐up is observed. LR and RND may result in increased morbidity and certainly in disfigurement, and fails to improve prognosis or survival.
Intermittent hemodialysis therapy in the cancer patient
Authors: Beckley Sunmolu , Wajsman Lew Z. , Pontes J. Edson , Major Alice , Murphy Gerald P.
Published: February 2007

The occurrence of renal failure in the cancer patient presents a series of medical, technical, philosophical, and logistic problems that are rarely found in other patient population groups. In a review of 70 cancer patients requiring intermittent hemodialysis therapy at Roswell Park Memorial Institute over the last 6 years for acute renal failure, 46 (65.7%) of the patients were salvaged from renal failure to allow the use of further therapeutic modalities for their neoplastic disease. Patient survival after successful intermittent hemodialysis therapy was comparable to that expected in the nonazotemic cancer patients submitted to similar anticancer therapy. Hemodialysis should, therefore, be considered and offered in selected cancer patients in acute renal failure.
Benign mesenchymoma of the chest wall in infancy
Authors: Campbell A. N. , Wagget J. , Mott M. G.
Published: February 2007

Chest wall mesenchymoma is a rare tumour in childhood and often presents in the neonatal period. In the past all patients have received surgical treatment with quite a high morbidity. We present here three further cases that presented in infancy, two of which received minimal therapy with good results in each case. We would propose from these cases that once the diagnosis has been established by biopsy that total surgical resection not be carried out unless cardiac or respiratory embarrassment is present.
Plasma hormone responses to tamoxifen therapy and oophorectomy
Authors: Al‐Jurf Adel S.
Published: February 2007

The effect of tamoxifen therapy on plasma hormones in the pre‐ and post‐menopausal state was studied in a young patient with breast cancer. Tamoxifen therapy was carried out for metastatic disease prior to (premenopausal) and after oophorectomy (surgical menopause). Changes in luteinizing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, prolactin, and estrogen were noted and were corroborated with the therapy or oophorectomy. The findings support some of the previously reported changes in those hormones that were noted in conjunction with tamoxifen therapy.
Suppressor cells and increased primary tumor growth rate induced by thiopental
Authors: Lovett Edmund J. , Varani James , Lundy Joel
Published: February 2007

A single dose of thiopental (37‐42 mg/kg) sufficient to achieve anesthesia induction increased the growth rate of a 3‐methylcholanthrene‐induced syngeneic murine fibrosarcoma in C57B1/6 mice. While no alterationsin in vitro growth kinetics of tumor cells cultured with thiopental could explain these data, significant alterations in cell‐mediated immunity were observed. Spleen cells from C57B1/6 mice treated with thiopental were impaired in their ability to respond in a mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) to BALB/c stimulator cells. Spleen cells from thiopental‐treated mice suppressed the ability of cells from untreated animals to respond in a third‐party MLC. The degree of suppression was directly proportional to the number of cells from thiopentaltreated mice in the third party. When these cells were added to an MLC at various times during the culture period, suppression of the early phases of the MLC was seen. Removal of plastic adherent cells from the third party resulted in loss of suppression, but treatment of third‐party cells with anti‐thy 1.2 serum or irradiation did not prevent suppression. Transfer of spleen cells from thiopental‐treated mice enhances growth of the B‐16 melanoma. Suppressor‐cell activity may be one mechanism by which thiopental promotes tumor growth.
Retroperitoneal urogenital ridge transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Gupta S. , Gupta S. , Sahni K.
Published: February 2007

A rare case of retroperitoneal transitional cell carcinoma arising from primitive urogenital remnants is described in a 50‐year‐old female. The patient had a 15 × 12 cm firm to cystic mass in the left iliac fossa which was markedly adherent to retroperitoneal structures and which could not be excised. Biopsy from the mass revealed transitional cell papillary carcinoma. Intravenous pyelogram and cystoscopy were normal. Cystogram done postoperatively did not show any communication with any adult organ. Radiotherapy resulted in only partial regression, and the patient died about 2 years later.
Patterns of failure following surgery alone for colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Chung C. K. , Stryker John A. , Demuth William E.
Published: February 2007

Two hundred fifty‐one patients with colorectal carcinoma were studied following complete primary resection to determine patterns of failure. Seventy‐two patients (29%) subsequently developed failures: Local failure (LF) occurred as the only failure in 49% of the failure group and as some component in 81%; distant metastases (DM) occurred in 19% and 47%, respectively.

The groups at highest risk for local failure were those with extension of tumor through the bowel wall whether the nodes were involved or not. Furthermore, those with gross extension of disease through the wall developed a significantly higher incidence of distant metastases compared to those with microscopic extension through the wall (P < 0.005). The absolute 5‐year survival rate for those with tumor through the wall vs within the wall was 40% and 79%, respectively.

Adjuvant therapy was discussed in view of the ability to identify subgroups of patients at highest risk for local vs distant failures.
Macrophage‐mediated tumor cytotoxicity: Role of macrophage surface sialic acid
Authors: Cameron Deborah J.
Published: February 2007

Cell surface sialic acid levels were compared for monocytes and macrophages obtained from normal volunteers and breast cancer patients. Equal quantities of sialic acid were found on the monoscytes obtained from normal volunteers and breast cancer patients. Approximately 60% more cell surface sialic acid was found on the macrophages from breast cancer patients than was found on the macrophages from normal volunteers. In order to determine whether cell surface sialic acid had any effect on macrophage‐mediated cytotoxicity, macrophages were pretreated with neuraminidase (NANAse) prior to co‐cultivation with tumor cells. The normal macrophages, after neuraminidase treatment, no longer retained their ability to kill tumor cells. However, when macrophages from breast cancer patients were treated with NANAse, no difference was observed in the ability of untreated and NANAse treated macrophages to kill tumor cells.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis as a late complication of hepatic irradiation: A case report
Authors: Weshler Zeev , Sulkes Aaron , Kopolovic Juri
Published: February 2007

A patient was treated with radiation therapy to the right hemiabdomen for a large cavernous hemangioma of the liver. Twenty years later, a squamous cell carcinoma of the right renal pelvis was diagnosed. The occurence of such a tumor as a late complication of irradiation has not been described before.