bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grant Acknowledgement
Authors: Shoro Katleho , Newfield Denise , Byrne Deirdre
Published: March 2021

The editors acknowledge the support of the National Research Foundation of South Africa, Grant no. 105159, for the following articles: “Towards Decolonising Poetry in Education” (Newfield and Byrne); “Mapping Pathways for Indigenous Poetry Pedagogy” (Mavhiza and Prozesky); “That’s Schoolified” (Cooper); “Dancing with Mountains” (Ndlovu); “South African Indian Indigeneity” (Govender); “Reflections on Decoloniality from a South African Indian Perspective” (Naicker); “Poetic Bodies” (Genis); “Research That Is Real and Utopian” (de Villiers, Botha and Maungedzo); “Moments That Glow” (Naidu and Newfield); “Transforming Data into Poems” (d’Abdon and van Rooyen).
An Innovative and Globally Competitive Higher Education Sector is a Prerequisite for Radical Economic Transformation in South Africa
Authors: Nubong Gabila Fohtung
Published: March 2021

Radical economic transformation has come to mean many different things to many different people. In recent political discourse, the concept has been utilised to symbolise the government’s commitment to fast-track changes in the structure of the economy, particularly from the perspective of revisiting the ownership of wealth and resources. When loosely used, the term somehow confers upon government the agency to ensure that the ownership structure of the economy should be transformed (radically) in a manner that changes the structure and pace of economic development and fulfils the aspirations of the National Development Plan. This paper argues that the idea of radicalised economic transformation is a contested one, because economic transformation can hardly be radicalised in the sense that is being communicated in the mainstream discourse. The transformation of any economy requires painstaking mechanical and systematic remodelling of certain push pillars within several sectors, of which the higher education sector is key. Radicalising the process of economic transformation in South Africa could hardly be achieved without radical steps to transform the role, contribution and output of the higher education sector. The construction of an economic development project that brings about sustainable, meaningful improvements would require much more than a rhetoric commitment to the romantic notion of radical economic transformation. It will require dealing with built-in weaknesses of the system and picking seed pillars with a potential to inject radical change into the broader economy. It is the key argument of this paper that radicalising the transformation of the higher education sector is the real prerequisite to radical economic transformation, especially when such transformation targets more than the racial profile of university staff to also focus on output, efficiency and global competitiveness.
Mainstream South African Newspapers’ Coverage of National Elections in Post-apartheid South Africa 1994–2014
Authors: Sonderling Stefan
Published: March 2021

During each of the five elections held in post-apartheid South Africa, from 1994 to 2014, the African National Congress (ANC) accused the mainstream media of being racially biased against the predominantly black political party. The newspapers and the other media were condemned for being privately owned and monopolised by white capital and dominated by white editorial staff, who allegedly reported negatively and critically on the party’s electoral policies—thus alienating it from the voters. Despite such criticism, the ANC gained a majority of votes at each election. This article examines: i) the presumed powerful influence of the press on electoral support for the ANC; ii) the extent that newspaper reporting on elections were racially biased against, and hostile to the ANC; and iii) the racial composition of the editorial staff. Five influential South African newspapers were analysed: three daily newspapers, Beeld, The Star, and Sowetan; and two weekly publications, The City Press and The Sunday Times. A total of 111 170 newspaper articles and editorial pieces relating to the elections were content-analysed to establish their manifest positive, negative, or neutral tonality. It was found that mainstream newspapers’ reporting did not negatively influence voters’ support for the ANC, that reports on elections were predominantly objective with a slight positive bias in favour of the ANC, and that the racial composition of editorial staff changed from being predominantly white to more representative of black personnel, which in turn introduced more visible anti-white bias.
Towards a Ghetto Fabulous Township Aesthetic in South Africa: Neoliberal and Nation-Building Archetypes in DStv’s Lokshin Bioskop and eTV’s eKasi: Our Stories
Authors: Selekane Nkosinathi
Published: March 2021

Television films in South Africa such as the series Lokshin Bioskop and eKasi: Our Stories represent the township space as fabulous and rife with economic opportunity. This is in contrast to the representations that are often depicted by mainstream film, in which the township space is portrayed as manifest with crime, unemployment and decay as in the case of Hijack Stories, Wooden Camera and Tsotsi. This study demonstrates the way in which neoliberal and nation-building archetypes are central in the creation of a ghetto fabulous representation of blackness and the township space. The study employs a close textual analysis of Taxi Cheeseboy and Maid for Me. It is informed by the “ghetto fabulous genre of black film” by Mukherjee in its reading of these new forms of grassroots expression. Moreover, the study delves into the representation of a post-apartheid township amidst the economic and social woes faced by the majority of its dwellers who are still significantly underprivileged. The selected films represent the township exclusively from its quasi-suburban areas which promulgate a picture of a township that has not been neglected by gentrification in post-1994 South Africa.
Practicing Intersectionality: Brazilian Domestic Workers’ Strategies of Building Alliances and Mobilizing Identity
Authors: Acciari Louisa
Published: March 2021

Domestic workers, as essentially black women in highly precarious conditions, lacking social protection, and often not recognized as proper workers, are considered particularly hard, or even impossible, to organize compared to the “standard” male industrial worker. Yet they have been mobilizing for decades in several countries, including Brazil, where they won new labor rights in 2015. Through an ethnographic study of domestic workers’ unions in Brazil, I argue that what has made their mobilization possible is precisely the intersectional dimension of their oppression. While gender, race, and class have produced multiple forms of exclusion, these vectors of oppression have also enabled domestic workers to build alliances with women’s, black, and workers’ movements, thus giving domestic workers more visibility and more resources to organize their members. I have identified three forms of alliance building, each determined by domestic workers’ unions’ particular framing of gender, race, and class issues: rigid autonomy, critical alliance, and encompassing unionism.
Remnants of Truth: The Role of Archives in Human Rights Trials for Operation Condor
Authors: Lessa Francesca
Published: March 2021

Since General Augusto Pinochet’s detention in 1998, an unprecedented number of human rights trials has taken place across Latin America. The main source of evidence employed in these proceedings are victims’ testimonies: in fact,
records documenting human rights violations are generally unavailable, having either been destroyed or hidden. When archives do exist, they do not usually identify individual perpetrators or victims, nor do they directly establish criminal responsibility. This article focuses on two criminal trials that unfolded in Argentina and Italy and closely probed the atrocities of Operation Condor. It contends that archival documents only contain remnants of truth and fragments of evidence. These slivers have to be interpreted, contextualized, and sometimes even questioned in order to render them relevant and useful to criminal investigations of past atrocities. Specifically, the article deconstructs the role that different trial actors—including public and private prosecutors, archivists, experts, witnesses, lawyers, and judges—played in the courtroom, engaging in proactive efforts to piece together the evidence that archival records possess and activating their content.
Controllable Subsystems of Quantum Dynamical Systems
Authors: Zhang M. , Dai H.-Y. , Dong G.-H. , Xie H.-W. , Hu D.-W.
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes the concept of subsystem controllability for both closed and open quantum dynamical systems, and the existence conditions of controllable subsystems are derived accordingly. It is demonstrated that a controllable subsystem may exist for a closed quantum dynamical system even if the overall system is not controllable. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that, for a class of decoherence-free subsystems of Markovian open quantum dynamical systems, the subsystems are controllable under open-loop coherent control if the initial states of the open systems are factorized. To a certain extent, this paper gives an alternative control theoretical interpretation on why decoherence-free subsystems are useful for quantum computation.
Efficient quantum algorithms for the hidden subgroup problem over semi-direct product groups
Authors: Inui Y. , Gall F. Le
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we consider the hidden subgroup problem (HSP) over the class of semi-direct product groups $\mathbb{Z}_{p^r}\rtimes\mathbb{Z}_q$, for $p$ and $q$ prime. We first present a classification of these groups in five classes. Then, we describe a polynomial-time quantum algorithm solving the HSP over all the groups of one of these classes: the groups of the form $\mathbb{Z}_{p^r}\rtimes\mathbb{Z}_p$, where $p$ is an odd prime. Our algorithm works even in the most general case where the group is presented as a black-box group with not necessarily unique encoding. Finally, we extend this result and present an efficient algorithm solving the HSP over the groups $\mathbb{Z}^m_{p^r}\rtimes\mathbb{Z}_p$.
Probabilistic purification of noisy coherent states
Authors: Marek P. , Filip R.
Published: March 2021

(pp609-623) A basic feasible probabilistic purification of unknown noisy coherent states, outgoing from different state preparations with unknown mean number of thermal photons, is proposed. The scheme is based only on a linear-optical network with an avalanche photo-diode or heterodyne (homodyne) detection used to post-select a successful processing. The suggested probabilistic method can produce an output state with a lower noise than both quantum deterministic and classical probabilistic purification method. The purification applied in the state preparation can increase classical capacity of communication and security of quantum key distribution.
For distinguishing conjugate Hidden subgroups, the pretty good measurement is as good as it gets
Authors: Moore C. , Russell A.
Published: March 2021

Recently Bacon, Childs and van Dam showed that the ``pretty good measurement'' (PGM) is optimal for the Hidden Subgroup Problem on the dihedral group $D_n$ in the case where the hidden subgroup is chosen uniformly from the $n$ involutions. We show that, for any group and any subgroup $H$, the PGM is the optimal one-register experiment in the case where the hidden subgroup is a uniformly random conjugate of $H$. We go on to show that when $H$ forms a Gel'fand pair with its parent group, the PGM is the optimal measurement for any number of registers. In both cases we bound the probability that the optimal measurement succeeds. This generalizes the case of the dihedral group, and includes a number of other examples of interest.
Fully multi-qubit entangled states
Authors: Cai J.-M. , Zhou Z.-W. , Guo G.-C.
Published: March 2021

We investigate the properties of different levels of entanglement in graph states which correspond to connected graphs. Combining the operational definition of graph states and the postulates of entanglement measures, we prove that in connected graph states of $N$ qubits there is no genuine $k$-qubit entanglement, $2\leq k\leq N-1$, among every $k$ qubits. These results about connected graph states naturally lead to the definition of fully multi-qubit entangled states. We also find that the connected graph states of four qubits is one but not the only one class of fully four-qubit entangled states.
Unambiguous unitary quantum channels
Authors: Wu S.-J. , Chen X.-M.
Published: March 2021

Unambiguous unitary maps and unambiguous unitary quantum channels are introduced and some of their properties are derived. These properties ensures certain simple form for the measurements involved in realizing an unambiguous unitary quantum channel. Error correction and unambiguous error correction with nonzero probability are discussed in terms of unambiguous unitary quantum channels. We not only re-derive the well-known condition for a set of errors to be correctable with certainty, but also obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the errors caused by a noisy channel to be correctable with any nonzero probability. Dense coding with a partially entangled state can also be viewed as an unambiguous unitary quantum channel when all messages are required to be transmitted with equal probability of success, the maximal achievable probability of success is derived and the optimum protocol is also obtained.
On “An introduction to quantum computing (authored by P. Kaye, R. Laflamme and M. Mosca)”
Authors: Milburn G.J.
Published: March 2021

Book Review:
Quantum algorithm design using dynamic learning
Authors: Behrman E.C. , Steck J.E. , Kumar P. , Walsh K.A.
Published: March 2021

We present a dynamic learning paradigm for ``programming'' a general quantum computer. A learning algorithm is used to find the control parameters for a coupled qubit system, such that the system at an initial time evolves to a state in which a given measurement corresponds to the desired operation. This can be thought of as a quantum neural network. We first apply the method to a system of two coupled superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), and demonstrate learning of both the classical gates XOR and XNOR. Training of the phase produces a gate similar to the CNOT. Striking out for somewhat more interesting territory, we attempt learning of an entanglement witness for a two qubit system. Simulation shows a reasonably successful mapping of the entanglement at the initial time onto the correlation function at the final time for both pure and mixed states. For pure states this mapping requires knowledge of the phase relation between the two parts; however, given that knowledge, this method can be used to measure the entanglement of an otherwise unknown state. The method is easily extended to multiple qubits or to quNits.
Practical effects in the preparation of cluster states using weak non-linearities
Authors: Rohde P.P. , Munro W.J. , Ralph T.C. , van Loock P. , Nemoto K.
Published: March 2021

We discuss experimental effects in the implementation of a recent scheme for performing bus mediated entangling operations between qubits. Here a bus mode, a strong coherent state, successively undergoes weak Kerr-type non-linear interactions with qubits. A quadrature measurement on the bus then projects the qubits into an entangled state. This approach has the benefit that entangling gates are non-destructive, may be performed non-locally, and there is no need for efficient single photon detection. In this paper we examine practical issues affecting its experimental implementation. In particular, we analyze the effects of post-selection errors, qubit loss, bus loss, mismatched coupling rates and mode-mismatch. We derive error models for these effects and relate them to realistic fault-tolerant thresholds, providing insight into realistic experimental requirements.
Generalized Clifford groups and simulation of associated quantum circuits
Authors: Clark S. , Jozsa R. , Linden N.
Published: March 2021

Quantum computations starting with computational basis states and involving only Clifford operations, are classically simulable despite the fact that they generate highly entangled states; this is the content of the Gottesman-Knill theorem. Here we isolate the ingredients of the theorem and provide generalisations of some of them with the aim of identifying new classes of simulable quantum computations. In the usual construction, Clifford operations arise as projective normalisers of the first and second tensor powers of the Pauli group. We consider replacing the Pauli group by an arbitrary finite subgroup $G$ of $U(d)$. In particular we seek $G$ such that $G\otimes G$ has an entangling normaliser. Via a generalisation of the Gottesman-Knill theorem the resulting normalisers lead to classes of quantum circuits that can be classically efficiently simulated. For the qubit case $d = 2$ we exhaustively treat all finite irreducible subgroups of $U(2)$ and find that the only ones (up to unitary equivalence and trivial phase extensions) with entangling normalisers are the groups generated by X and the $n^{\rm th}$ root of $Z$ for $n \in \N$.
The geometry of quantum computation
Authors: Dowling M.R. , Nielsen M.A.
Published: March 2021

Whether the class Quantum Merlin Arthur is equal to QMA_1, or QMA with one-sided error, has been an open problem for years. This note helps to explain why the problem is difficult, by using ideas from real analysis to give a quantum oracle relative to which QMA\neqQMA_1. As a byproduct, we find that there are facts about quantum complexity classes that are classically relativizing but not quantumly relativizing, among them such trivial containments as BQP\subseteq{ZQEXP}.
A note on quantum algorithms and the minimal degree of epsilon-error polynomials for symmetric functions
Authors: de Wolf R.
Published: March 2021

The degrees of polynomials representing or approximating Boolean functions are a prominent tool in various branches of complexity theory. Sherstov recently characterized the minimal degree $deg_{\eps}(f)$ among all polynomials (over $\mathbb{R}$) that approximate a symmetric function $f:\01^n\rightarrow\01$ up to worst-case error $\eps$: $ deg_{\eps}(f)=\widetilde{\Theta}\left(deg_{1/3}(f) + \sqrt{n\log(1/\eps)}\right).$ In this note we show how a tighter version (without the log-factors hidden in the $\widetilde{\Theta}$-notation), can be derived quite easily using the close connection between polynomials and quantum algorithms.
Entanglement of formation from optimal decomposition
Authors: Chen L. , Chen Y.-X.
Published: March 2021

We present a new method of constructing sets of states with known entanglement of formation. The method realizes the optimal decomposition families of states. We also derive the additivity of the entanglement of formation and thus calculate the entanglement cost. These results are used to find out the undistillable entanglement of some states. We illustrate our method by investigating the two-qubit state, the separable state, the maximally correlated state, the isotropic state and the Werner state. We also discuss the realization of Werner state in experiment.
Universal quantum computation with quantum-dot cellular automata in decoherence-free subspace
Authors: Xu Z.-Y. , Feng M. , Zhang W.-M.
Published: March 2021

We investigate the possibility to have electron-pairs in decoherence-free subspace (DFS), by means of the quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) and single-spin rotations, to deterministically carry out a universal quantum computation with high-fidelity. We show that our QCA device with electrons tunneling in two dimensions is very suitable for DFS encoding, and argue that our design favors a scalable quantum computation robust to collective dephasing errors.
Constructions for quantum computing with symmetrized gates
Authors: Ivanyos G. , Nagy A.B. , Ronyai L.
Published: March 2021

We investigate constructions for simulating quantum computers with a polynomial slowdown on ensembles composed of qubits on which symmetrized versions of one- and two-qubit gates can be performed. The simulation is based on taking Lie commutators of symmetrized Hamiltonians to extract Hamiltonians at desired local positions. During the simulation, only a part of the qubits can be used for storing information, the others are left unchanged by the commutators. We propose constructions for various symmetry groups where a pretty large fraction of the qubits can be used. As a few of the other qubits need to be set to one, our construction requires individual initialization of some of the qubits.
On solving systems of random linear disequations
Authors: Ivanyos G.
Published: March 2021

An important special case of the hidden subgroup problem is equivalent to the hidden shift problem over abelian groups. An efficient solution to the latter problem could serve as a building block of quantum hidden subgroup algorithms over solvable groups. The main idea of a promising approach to the hidden shift problem is a reduction to solving systems of certain random disequations in finite abelian groups. By a disequation we mean a constraint of the form $f(x)\neq 0$. In our case, the functions on the left hand side are generalizations of linear functions. The input is a random sample of functions according to a distribution which is up to a constant factor uniform over the "linear" functions $f$ such that $f(u)\neq 0$ for a fixed, although unknown element $u\in A$. The goal is to find $u$, or, more precisely, all the elements $u'\in A$ satisfying the same disequations as $u$. In this paper we give a classical probabilistic algorithm which solves the problem in an abelian $p$-group $A$ in time polynomial in the sample size $N$, where $N=(\log\size{A})^{O(q^2)}$, and $q$ is the exponent of $A$.
Faked states attack using detector efficiency mismatch on SARG04, phase-time, DPSK, and Ekert protocols
Authors: Makarov V. , Skaar J.
Published: March 2021

In quantum cryptosystems, variations in detector efficiency can be exploited to stage a successful attack. This happens when the efficiencies of Bob's two detectors are different functions of a control parameter accessible to Eve (e.g., timing of the incoming pulses). It has previously been shown that the Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol is vulnerable to this attack. In this paper, we show that several other protocols and encodings may also be vulnerable. We consider a faked states attack in the case of a partial efficiency mismatch on the Scarani-Acin-Ribordy-Gisin 2004 (SARG04) protocol, and derive the quantum bit error rate as a function of detector efficiencies. Additionally, it is shown how faked states can in principle be constructed for quantum cryptosystems that use a phase-time encoding, the differential phase shift keying (DPSK) and the Ekert protocols.
Estimating Jones polynomials is a complete problem for one clean qubit
Authors: Shor P.W. , Jordan S.P.
Published: March 2021

It is known that evaluating a certain approximation to the Jones polynomial for the plat closure of a braid is a BQP-complete problem. That is, this problem exactly captures the power of the quantum circuit model. The one clean qubit model is a model of quantum computation in which all but one qubit starts in the maximally mixed state. One clean qubit computers are believed to be strictly weaker than standard quantum computers, but still capable of solving some classically intractable problems. Here we show that evaluating a certain approximation to the Jones polynomial at a fifth root of unity for the trace closure of a braid is a complete problem for the one clean qubit complexity class. That is, a one clean qubit computer can approximate these Jones polynomials in time polynomial in both the number of strands and number of crossings, and the problem of simulating a one clean qubit computer is reducible to approximating the Jones polynomial of the trace closure of a braid.
Molecular Modeling of Novel Fluorophoric Thiazolo- [2, 3-B] Quinazolinones to Study Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Potency
Authors: Mir Showkat , Dash Ganesh Chandra , Chopdar Kumar Sambhav , Mohanta Prajna , Mohapatra Pranab Kishor , Baitharu Iswar , Behera Ajay Kumar , Raval Mukesh Kumar , Nayak Binata
Published: March 2021

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) is one of the key regulators that exhibit pivotal role in proliferation of cancer cell. Quinazolinones are studiedly widely as effective EGFR-TK inhibitor because of their higher affinity to bind with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site of receptor tyrosine kinases. However, their toxicity due to non-specific binding to tyrosine kinase in non-cancerous normally dividing cells of the body limits its applicability as a cancer therapeutics. In the present investigation a series of thirty-four novel synthesized thiazolo- [2, 3-b] quinazolinones were studied in silico as EGFR-TK inhibitors. All the thirty-four compounds were screened against EGFR-TK domain using multiple software’s (AutoDock Vina, Argus Lab, YASARA, and MOE). The interactions of the ligands with amino acid residues, namely, Lys721, Met769 and Asp831 of the active site were through the functional groups on aryl substituents at position 3 and 5 of the thiazolo- [2, 3-b] quinazolinone scaffold. The methyl substituents at position 8 of the ligands had prominent hydrophobic interactions in the active site cavity of EGFR-TK domain. The compounds 5ab, 5aq, and 5bq were predicted to be non-toxic and drug-like by in silico ADMET investigations. These compounds were considered for further investigation due to their non-toxicity and higher docking score ranking in different docking methods. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for 100 ns of docked complexes revealed the stability of these compounds. The binding free energy determined using Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Model and Solvent Accessibility (MM-GBSA) method indicate that thiazolo- [2, 3-b] quinazolinone has high inhibitory efficacy similar to the standard drug, erlotinib (5ab - 22.45, 5aq -22.23, 5bq -20.76, and erlotinib -24.11 kcal/mol). In silico studies and MD simulations indicated that compounds (5ab, 5aq and 5bq) could be potential EGFR-TK inhibitors and require further validation as cancer therapeutics using carcinoma cell lines.
Exact Solution of Kinetic Analysis for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials
Authors: Tsuchiya Youichi , Diesing Stefan , Bencheikh Fatima , Wada Yoshimasa , dos Santos Paloma , Kaji Hironori , Zysman-Colman Eli , Samuel Ifor , Adachi Chihaya
Published: March 2021

The photophysical analysis of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials has become instrumental to providing insight into their stability and performance, which is not only relevant for organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), but also for other applications such as sensing, imaging and photocatalysis. Thus, a deeper understanding of the photophysics underpinning the TADF mechanism is required to push materials design further. Previously reported analyses in the literature of the kinetics of the various processes occurring in a TADF material rely on several a priori assumptions to estimate the rate constants for forward and reverse intersystem crossing (ISC and RISC, respectively). In this report, we demonstrate a method to determine these rate constants using a three-state model together with a steady-state approximation and, importantly, no additional assumptions. Further, we derive the exact rate equations, greatly facilitating a comparison of the TADF properties of structurally diverse emitters and providing a comprehensive understanding of the photophysics of these systems.
Approach to: Red eye
Authors: Santhakumaran Sangeetha
Published: March 2021

Red eye is a common symptom that presents in primary care practice, and may be accompanied by pain, irritation, or discharge. It is a sign of ocular inflammation, often involving the anterior segment of the eye. Most causes of red eye are benign; however, the primary care physician must identify when urgent referral to an ophthalmologist is required. This may be achieved through targeted questioning regarding the chronicity, intensity of pain, vision changes, and associated symptoms. The following article outlines an approach to identifying the cause of red eye using history and physical exam findings. Common features of red eye disorders and their respective treatment modalities are discussed.
Fostering and promoting professionalism in undergraduate medical students
Authors: Suprava Das  , Tahmina Afrose  , Kanchan Mallik  , Sridevi Chigurupati
Published: March 2021

In recent years professionalism has developed increased attention to provide compassionate and ethical health service for the patients and society. Medical students and future physicians are committed to foster this service as a patient-centered holistic manner to be a part of becoming a doctor. We conducted a questionnaire survey with year 4 MBBS students of AIMST University, Kedah, Malaysia to interpret the perceptions of students on professional knowledge, professional skills, and professional attitude. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics version 25.0. Students agreed on their up-to-date knowledge with basic science 41.2%, clinical sciences 41.2%, and clinical Skills 42.4%. Among all three elements (professional knowledge, professional skills, and professional attitude), students’ positive responses were more in different fields of professional attitude. The top five qualities essential for professionalism as chosen by the students are: appropriate behavior (67.1%), fully aware of patient safety (65.9%), teamwork with batchmates (65.9%), and understand hospital setup and clinic setup (65.9% in each). Survey of student’s beliefs on professional requirements would help us to target teaching and assessment so that students develop as professionally responsible doctors.
An appraisal of bacterial Endophytes
Authors: Shantini Vijayabalan  , Sridevi Chigurupati
Published: March 2021

In ongoing decades has been the apprehension of vastly diverse microbes that are not the only symbiont in conjunction with the host plants, nonetheless, it has a significant part in the host plant development, resistance, and growth to both abiotic and biotic stresses. The host plant roots serve as a barrier to screening soil microbes from the rhizoplane as well as the rhizosphere. Most data imply that motility, host plant cell wall degradation capacity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging are essential attributes for effective endophytic colonization and the foundation of bacteria. Endophytic bacteria have aid host functions, for instance enhancing plant nutrients through the procurement of nitrogen fixation in leaves in addition to nutrients from the soil. Specific endophytes were able to aid in plant defence once pathogen attacks. Owing to the host plant development influences, endophytes are broadly investigated for their function in the enhancement of crop growth. An appraisal into the endophytic interactions and colonization with the host plant. An essential measure inconceivably handling endophytes for practical approaches to expand agricultural production.
A rare case of pancreaticopleural fistula patient presented in surgery OPD
Authors: Sajika Dighe  , Raju Shinde  , Sangita Shinde  , Mohit Gupte
Published: March 2021

Pancreatico-pleural fistula is rare and infrequent complication of commonly occurring chronic pancreatitis leading to an extra-peritoneal abnormal connection between the pancreatic system and pleural cavity. Diagnosis needs high-level clinical suspicion to avoid delay in the diagnosis as the patient presents with respiratory distress rather than any abdominal symptom and produces large quantities of pleural fluid intractable of pleural tapping or chest drain. Diagnosis of the fistula is clicked by elevated pleural fluid amylase. Various imaging options are available with their unique importance like CECT, ERCP and MRCP. In a low resource, setup CECT becomes a useful modality to delineate the pancreatic parenchymal changes, pancreatic duct anatomy and fluid collection, thus aid in the diagnosis. Treatment modalities depending on structural anatomy of the duct and parenchymal destruction are either Medical, Conservative and Surgical. Here our patient presented with massive left sided pleural effusion resistant to surgical intervention secondary to chronic pancreatitis in a 28-year man later diagnosed as Pancreatico-pleural fistula on CECT. The patient underwent distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy with decortication of the lung with excision of PPF. The patient now is continuous follow-up for chronic pancreatitis and is symptom-free from last 2 years.
Regulatory aspects of GMP in accordance with pharmaceutical inspection co-operation scheme
Authors: Ramireddy Navya Sri  , Kamaraj R  , Sonia K
Published: March 2021

The PIC/S strives to harmonize inspection procedures all over the world by establishing specific GMP guidelines and supplying inspectors with training opportunities. This is additionally proposed to advance co-operation and systems administration between capable specialists, local and foreign associations, in this manner becoming common confidence. At present, harmonization efforts need to be improved in setting regulatory standards, monitoring and assessing GMP compliance, licensing production sites, retrieving faulty lots, and increasing the sharing of information due to expanded regulatory authorities for globalization. PIC/S provides an appealing and sustainable platform to give a response to globalization’s challenges. PIC/S actively facilitates networking by organizing a PIC/S GMP Forum," which enables non-member, technical and other organizations to meet informally with the PIC/S committee. Co-Operation Scheme for the Pharmaceutical Inspection  is available to any systems administration having a practically identical GMP investigation framework. Co-Operation Scheme for the Pharmaceutical Inspection  has built an integrated manual on GMP necessities for inspectorates and also for the industries. The primary harmonization device has been the Co-Operation Scheme for the Pharmaceutical Inspection  GMP Guide. The last was initially gotten from the WHO Guide to GMP and further created so as to consent to exacting assembling and wellbeing pre-requisites in the Co-Operation Scheme for the Pharmaceutical Inspection  nations, to cover new zones (for example, biological and radio-pharmaceuticals) and to adjust to logical and mechanical innovation.
Topical Dosage Form & Delivery System for Pigmentation Control: A Review
Authors: Yap Vi Lien  , Mogana R  , Sasikala Chinnappan  , Ashok Kumar Janakiraman  , Tan Lee Fang
Published: March 2021

Hyperpigmentation is one of the most commonly seen skin disorders which is not a concerning health issues but it may affect the psychological aspect of a person. Hyperpigmentation is caused by the presence of excess melanin, which is the brown pigment of the skin. Products that aimed to reduce the pigmentations act by inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of melanin. There are many products that are currently available in the market that aims to reduce pigmentation of the skin. These products are conventionally formulated into different dosage forms such as cream, lotion and emulgel, which gains popularity due to its convenience on application. However, due to the drawbacks that these dosage forms possess such as poor stability and absorption, new formulations are presented which incorporate novel drug delivery system into the conventional dosage forms. These novel drug delivery systems are, inter alia, liposome, niosomes and microsphere. They carry benefits of controlled drug delivery, enhanced skin penetration and reduce drug toxicity as compared to the conventional dosage form, which resulted in the increase in marketed product diving into this pathway. This present article will discuss the various dosage forms, drug delivery system, its advantages, disadvantages and marketed product for pigmentation control.
Role of Triple Assessment of Breast Lump in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women -A Comparative and Descriptive Study
Authors: Devi Priya S  , Lakshmana R  , Abhilash M  , Sujeeth A  , Govinda Raju C
Published: March 2021

Triple assessment of breast is based on clinical examination, histological and radiological study where in our study, the pattern of breast swelling in a premenopausal and postmenopausal woman was compared. A total of 150 female patients with palpable breast lump went through clinical examination, FNAC, USG breast while mammogram & core needle biopsy was done in selected patients. Histopathological examination of the specimen was done for all post-operative patients. Benign & malignant breast lesion accounted for 82(54.6%) & 68(45.3%) respectively. Based on the incidence of benign breast lump & malignant breast lump among pre menopausal women, it was 79% & 21% respectively while in post menopausal women it was  21.9% & 78.1%. The most common type of breast lump among the pre and post menopausal women was fibroadenoma 56.9% & Invasive ductal carcinoma 59.3% respectively. The most common benign breast lump & malignant breast lesion based on the histological pattern among the premenopausal women was fibroadenoma 72% & Invasive ductal carcinoma 50% while in postmenopausal women it was fibroadenosis 71.4% & Invasive Ductal Carcinoma 76%. Based on the hormonal status(ER/PR) of pre and postmenopausal women positivity was seen majorly in post menopausal women 82.3% compared to premenopausal women 17.7%. In our study, the malignant breast disease was more common in post menopausal, while benign breast disease was common in pre menopausal women.  Triple assessment in evaluating a breast lump is per se a reliable & valid tool in the armamentarium of treating clinician with very high diagnostic accuracy.
Arterial stiffness and cardiac dysfunction in Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome corrected by inhibition of lysyl oxidase
Authors: von Kleeck Ryan , Roberts Emilia , Castagnino Paola , Bruun Kyle , Brankovic Sonja A , Hawthorne Elizabeth A , Xu Tina , Tobias John W , Assoian Richard K
Published: March 2021

Arterial stiffening and cardiac dysfunction are hallmarks of premature aging in Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), but the molecular regulators remain unknown. Here, we show that the LaminAG609G mouse model of HGPS recapitulates the premature arterial stiffening and early diastolic dysfunction seen in human HGPS. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is up-regulated in the arteries of these mice, and treatment with the LOX inhibitor, β-aminopropionitrile, improves arterial mechanics and cardiac function. Genome-wide and mechanistic analysis revealed reduced expression of the LOX-regulator, miR-145, in HGPS arteries, and forced expression of miR-145 restores normal LOX gene expression in HGPS smooth muscle cells. LOX abundance is also increased in the carotid arteries of aged wild-type mice, but its spatial expression differs from HGPS and its up-regulation is independent of changes in miR-145 abundance. Our results show that miR-145 is selectively misregulated in HGPS and that the consequent up-regulation of LOX is causal for premature arterial stiffening and cardiac dysfunction.
ОДЕРЖАННЯ ПОРОШКІВ ПІДВИЩЕНОЇ ПЛИННОСТІ РОЗПИЛЕННЯМ МЕТАЛЕВИХ РОЗПЛАВІВ ВОДОЮ ВИСОКОГО ТИСКУ ЗА УМОВ ПОДВІЙНОГО ПОВІТРЯНО-ВОДЯНОГО СМЕРЧУ
Authors: Ternovoy Yurii , Baglyuk Gennadii , Panova Vera
Published: March 2021

На основі моделі водяного розпилення високотемпературних розплавів, а також зурахуванням експериментальних і літературних даних розроблено модель розпиленнярозплавів водою в «смерчі». Стабільний режим розпилення з утворенням сфероїдальнихчастинок забезпечується мінімальною відстанню між струменем розплаву і потоком води,що обертається, за якої в пограничному шарі газового потоку досягається швидкість бли-зько 90…100% від швидкості води. Розглянуто причини перетворення форми частинок, щоутворюються, під час переходу від розпилення кільцевою форсункою до розпилення в«смерчі». Головною причиною є відсутність прямого контакту струменя розплаву та рідкихкрапель металу з водою. З урахуванням запропонованої моделі та технічних параметріврозпилення було отримано формулу для визначення медіанного діаметра частинок поро-шку.
ПРО РОЗРАХУНКИ ПРОЦЕСУ ФОРМУВАННЯ ШАРУ ТЕРМІТНОГО СПЛАВУ НА СТАЛЕВІЙ ПІДКЛАДЦІ ЗА СВС-ПРОЦЕСОМ
Authors: Skidin Ihor , Vodennikova Oksana , Vodennikov Sergii , Saithareiev Levan , Baboshko Dmytro
Published: March 2021

Розглянуто процес формування шару термітного сплаву на основі системи Fе-Cr-Cна сталевій підкладці за допомогою самопоширюваного високотемпературного синтезу.Показано, що попереднє нагрівання шихтових компонентів термітної суміші призводить дозбільшення спікливості продукту, знижує продуктивність і здорожує процес синтезу кінце-вих СВС-продуктів. В процесі нагрівання термітної суміші з 273 К до 873 К утворюється67,1% додаткового заліза та 24,5% карбіду хрому, що вводиться від кількості компонентівтермітної суміші. При цьому на нагрівання порошку заліза витрачається 2318,44 кДж теп-лоти, а на нагрівання порошку хрому 3314,93 кДж теплоти (у перерахунку на 1,0 кг суміші).Оптимальний вміст металевого наповнювача у нагрітій до 873 К термітній суміші складає40%. Показано, що надлишок теплоти, який утворився в процесі алюмотермічних реакцій,можна витратити на розплавлення додаткової кількості порошку заліза.
ДВОВИМІРНА ФІЗИЧНА МОДЕЛЬ ПРАВЛЕННЯ БЕЗПЕРЕРВНОЛИТОГО СЛЯБА КРИВОЛІНІЙНОЇ МБЛЗ
Authors: Polyeshchuk Valentin , Brovkin Vladimir , Radchenko Yuriy , Vorobiova Liliia
Published: March 2021

Виконано аналіз схем деформованого стану безперервнолитого зливка під час йогопереміщення технологічним каналом криволінійних машин безперервного литва заготовок(МБЛЗ). Запропоновано плоску схему деформованого стану кірочки достатньо широкогосляба за наявності рідкої серцевини. Проаналізовано два випадки: з прямолінійним крис-талізатором і з радіальним кристалізатором. Наведено формули для розрахунків критич-ної деформації для зазначних випадків. Результати роботи можна використовувати длястворення інженерної методики теплового та механічного розрахунку технологічного ка-налу криволінійної МБЛЗ.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ЦИКЛОНУ ДЛЯ СУХОГО ОЧИЩЕННЯ ГАЗІВ ВІД ПИЛУ В МЕТАЛУРГІЇ
Authors: Cheilytko Andrii , Il’in Sergii , Lavryonov Andrii , Belokon Yurii
Published: March 2021

Одержано головні аналітичні залежності, які необхідні для розробки методики ви-конання експериментів та розрахунків пиловловлювання для конкретних умов роботи. До-сліджено методи розрахунків циклонів як вихрових апаратів та дослідження роботи цик-лону для очищення повітря від пилу. На основі використаних основних теоретичних поло-жень з тепломасообміну та термодинаміки запропоновано математична модель. Виконанорозрахунки нових конструкцій сучасних циклонів щодо отримання їх геометричних розмі-рів, опору та ефективності вловлювання пилу.
ЖИТТЄВИЙ СВІТ ОСОБИСТОСТІ В ЕПОХУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ: ВИКЛИКИ І ЗАГРОЗИ
Authors: Ганущак Р. І.
Published: March 2021

У статті розглянуто актуальну проблему впливу новітніх інформаційних технологій на буття сучасної людини. Проблему розглянуто з перспективи життєвого світу особистості. Такий погляд дає змогу дослідити вплив стрімкої віртуалізації життя на безпосереднє буття людини, її внутрішній світ та суб’єктивні переживання. Життєвий світ як динамічна психологічна система інтерпретацій та досвіду, крізь призму якої людина сприймає навколишній світ, соціальне оточення та саму себе, лежить у самій основі унікальності особистості. У статті розкрито потенційні загрози для цілісності та гармонійності цієї системи, що можуть підстерігати користувачів Інтернету та соціальних мереж. Автор аналізує низку досліджень, у яких продемонстровано використання соціальних мереж як інструменту для здійснення впливів (зазвичай неетичних та негативних) на різні аспекти життєвого світу особистості. Висвітлено, як за допомогою спеціально сконструйованого повідомлення у стрічці новин соціальної мережі можна маніпулювати поведінкою користувачів у реальному житті. Продемонстровано, як технічні можливості соціальної мережі можна використати для впливу на емоційну сферу людини, викликати у користувачів певні емоційні стани. Також показано, як алгоритми роботи соціальних медіа та пошукових систем викривляють картину світу та створюють ілюзії, що заважають адекватному сприйманню реальності, зокрема, як соціальні мережі ізолюють користувачів від суперечливих думок та переконань, що становить певну небезпеку для відкритих публічних дискусій, адже користувачі зі схожими поглядами у віртуальному просторі об’єднуються між собою та відокремлюються від інших, тих, хто ці погляди не поділяє. Проаналізовано, як викривленню піддається сприйняття особистого життя інших користувачів, яке вони демонструють у соціальних мережах. Наслідком цих впливів на життєвий світ особистості можуть бути такі психологічні проблеми як невротичні реакції, страх, тривога, почуття меншовартості. Таким чином, у статті автор окреслює коло питань та проблем, вирішення яких допоможе зрозуміти буття сучасної людини в епоху інформаційних технологій та запобігти негативним впливам на життєвий світ особистості.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПСИХОЕМОЦІЙНОЇ СФЕРИ ПЕРЕСЕЛЕНЦІВ ІЗ ЗОНИ АНТИТЕРОРИСТИЧНОЇ ОПЕРАЦІЇ
Authors: Камінська О. В.
Published: March 2021

Метою роботи є визначення особливостей психоемоційної сфери переселенців із зони АТО. Постановка мети зумовлена актуальністю дослідження психоемоційної сфери переселенців із зони АТО, що пояснюється тривалістю воєнних дій на території України та тим, що все більше мирних жителів страждають від посттравматичного стресу, оскільки відчувають загрозу життю та здоров’ю як власному, так і близьких людей, стають свідками загибелі інших, втрачають домівку, не можуть вести звичний спосіб життя. У проведенні емпіричного дослідження застосовано метод тестування, спостереження, бесіди. Використано такі методики, як: методика «Оцінка нервово-психічної напруги» (Т.А. Немчин); шкала для оцінки посттравматичних реакцій (адаптація Н.В. Тарабриної); методика на визначення агресії (Басс-Даркі); методика визначення емоційної напруженості. Перебування в зоні АТО розглядається нами як психотравмуюча ситуація, що безпосередньо впливає як на учасників бойових дій, так і на мирних жителів, що проживають на окупованій території або ж змушені були залишити рідну домівку. Встановлено, що особам, які проживали в зоні АТО, притаманний інтенсивний та екстенсивний рівень нервово-психічної напруги; високий рівень емоційної напруженості; підвищений рівень фізіологічної збудливості; тенденція до уникнення ситуацій, що нагадують про події у зоні воєнних дій; високий рівень почуття провини; суїцидальні тенденції; підвищений рівень фізичної агресії, роздратування, негативізму, почуття образи. Отримані дані дозволили запропонувати рекомендації щодо оптимізації психоемоційної сфери переселенців із зони АТО: використання екстремальної моделі надання психологічної допомоги особистості відразу після переселення із зони АТО; діагностика та подолання посттравматичного стресового розладу; здійснення психологічного супроводу; використання гуманістично- орієнтованого підходу; підбір найбільш оптимальних технологій роботи з урахуванням віку особистості та глибини психоемоційних змін (арт-терапія, когнітивно-біхевіоральна терапія, тілесно орієнтована терапія).