bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da degradação não-isotérmica de madeira através de termogravimetria-TGA
Authors: Bianchi Otávio , Dal Castel Charles , Oliveira Ricardo V. B. de , Bertuoli Paula T. , Hillig Everton
Published: December 2010

O conhecimento da estabilidade térmica da madeira e materiais celulósicos é um importante fator na utilização destes materiais de fontes naturais como carga de reforço em matrizes poliméricas. Entretanto, estes materiais possuem baixa resistência à degradação térmica causado principalmente pela presença de espécies voláteis que entram em ignição em baixas temperaturas. Características dessa natureza contribuem significativamente na limitação do uso de tais materiais como cargas de reforços em situações que exigem temperaturas mais elevadas. Neste trabalho é avaliada a degradação térmica de duas espécies de madeira, em atmosfera de nitrogênio, por meio de medidas termogravimétricas. Os parâmetros cinéticos de decomposição térmica foram estimados com o método proposto por Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO). A Garapeira apresentou energia de ativação menor nas frações reação até 0,4. Na fração de reação de 0,9 foi observada a maior diferença de energia de ativação entre as espécies de madeira. O mecanismo de reação para duas espécies é basicamente controlado por difusão (Dn) até a fração de reação de 0,8, sendo que após segue cinética de terceira ordem (F3).
Reações tegumentares adversas relacionadas aos agentes antineoplásicos: parte II
Authors: Criado Paulo Ricardo , Brandt Hebert Roberto Clivati , Moure Emanuella Rosyane Duarte , Pereira Guilherme Luiz Stelko , Sanches Júnior Jose Antonio
Published: December 2010

Os eventos e reações envolvendo quimioterapia são frequentes na prática oncológica. Agentes quimioterápicos são uma modalidade de tratamento amplamente utilizada. Efeitos colaterais podem variar de frequência e também ser confundidos com outras manifestações tegumentares do tratamento oncológico. Este artigo objetiva expor as informações sobre reações cutâneas à quimioterapia, em especial, aqueles para os quais o dermatologista é requisitado a emitir parecer e a comentar sobre a segurança e a viabilidade da readministração de uma droga específica. Os autores descrevem os aspectos associados a esses eventos, fazendo uma análise detalhada de cada um deles.
Pseudoxantoma elástico perfurante periumbilical e periareolar
Authors: Bressan Aline Lopes , Vasconcelos Bárbara Nader , Silva Roberto Souto da , Alves Maria de Fátima G. Scotelaro , Gripp Alexandre Carlos
Published: December 2010

O pseudoxantoma elástico perfurante periumbilical (PEPP), ou elastose cálcica perfurante, é distúrbio raro e sua patogênese está associada a alteração da fibra elástica, tendo o trauma provável participação. Apresenta-se caso de paciente de 70 anos com quadro de máculas enegrecidas e pápulas encimadas por crostas na região periareolar e periumbilical há mais de dez anos. O exame histopatológico revelou fibras elásticas alteradas, repletas de cálcio, e formação de pertuito na derme com fibras elásticas degradadas no seu interior. O caso descrito corresponde ao PEPP, que nesta paciente também acomete área periareolar bilateralmente.
Cutaneous manifestations of internal malignancies in a tertiary health care hospital of a developing country
Authors: Ortega-Loayza Alex G , Ramos Willy , Gutierrez Ericson L , Paz Patricia Chavez de , Bobbio Lucia , Galarza Carlos
Published: December 2010

In a public hospital in Lima, Peru, 24 patients with 16 types of paraneoplastic dermatoses were identified by data collection. The most frequent dermatosis was dermatomyositis (four patients). The other dermatoses were malignant acanthosis nigricans, palmoplantar keratoderma, bullous dermatoses, lymphomatoid papulosis, edematous scarring vasculitic panniculitis, Norwegian scabies, primary systemic amyloidosis, necrolytic migratory erythema, infective dermatitis, pancreatic panniculitis, generalized pruritus, Lesser-Trelat syndrome, and acquired ichthyosis. Most of these paraneoplastic dermatoses were diagnosed before (45.8%) or at the time of (38.5%) the diagnosis of the underlying malignancy. The most frequent underlying malignancies were lymphoma, adenocarcinomas of the upper digestive tract, and malignant neoplasms of the pancreas. The average age of the patients was 47.0 ± 16.9 years and the length of the disease since diagnosis was 13.7 months. The mortality rate was 75%. Paraneoplastic dermatoses are rare dermatologic entities that are difficult to diagnose. Surveillance is also hampered when patients do not have easy access to health care centers due to financial and geographical issues. However, when identified, they might facilitate the early diagnosis of an associated tumor and contribute to increase the surveillance of patients.
El componente liderazgo en la validación de un modelo de gestión escolar hacia la calidad
Authors: Alfaro Pablo López
Published: December 2010

A medida que el país alcanza mejor estado de desarrollo, las organizaciones no educacionales han incorporado paulatinamente a su quehacer, elementos de liderazgo, planificación estratégica, de desarrollo organizacional y evaluaciones de la calidad de su gestión, aplicando planes sistemáticos de mejoramiento. Este acento en la gestión también se ha manifestado en el ámbito de las instituciones educativas, siendo el liderazgo uno de los factores de mayor incidencia en la gestión de estas organizaciones. En este contexto el propósito del presente artículo es dar a conocer la importancia del componente liderazgo en las comunidades escolares en Chile y su relación con la calidad de la educación. El estudio permitió determinar los efectos de variables asociadas a la gestión escolar, entre las que se releva la variable liderazgo, sobre la calidad educativa. Para ello se utilizó una muestra de 870 profesores de centros educativos públicos y privados, a quienes se aplicó una encuesta estructurada. Posteriormente se realizó un exhaustivo análisis psicométrico de los datos, por medio de una serie de análisis exploratorios y confirmatorios que incluyó ecuaciones estructurales. El estudio pone de manifiesto una realidad en torno a las escuelas como organizaciones. A medida que pasa el tiempo, éstas se transforman en sistemas cada vez más complejos, siendo el liderazgo que se ejerce en un centro educativo una de las variables fundamentales que influye en el logro de los objetivos propuestos por la organización.
A liberdade educa ou a educação liberta? Uma crítica das pedagogias da autonomia à luz do pensamento de Hannah Arendt
Authors: Carvalho José Sérgio
Published: December 2010

A vinculação entre os objetivos do processo educacional e os ideais de liberdade e autonomia parece ser um elemento comum e recorrente nos mais variados discursos pedagógicos que marcaram o século XX. À primeira vista esse aparente consenso poderia indicar um raro acordo em um campo marcado por disputas teóricas e práticas, em geral fundadas em pressupostos divergentes e que costumam apontar para ideais conflituosos e procedimentos alternativos. No presente artigo, procura-se argumentar no sentido de que essa aparente unanimidade tende a se esvair na medida em que se elucidam os diferentes sentidos atribuídos ao ideal de "liberdade" e que se confrontam os esforços práticos por meio dos quais se busca realizá-lo no campo da educação. Para isso, recorre-se à análise de algumas das diferentes acepções do conceito de "liberdade", opondo a concepção que nela vê um desígnio político a ser alcançado na vida pública às correntes que a identificam ora com a faculdade subjetiva da vontade, ora com a não interferência na escolha individual. Por último, procura-se vincular algumas dessas concepções de liberdade a diferentes discursos pedagógicos, analisando-se a voga das correntes vinculadas à "pedagogia da autonomia" à luz do pensamento político de Hannah Arendt e de suas reflexões sobre a crise da educação no mundo moderno.
A distinção entre conhecer e pensar em Hannah Arendt e sua relevância para a educação
Authors: Almeida Vanessa Sievers de
Published: December 2010

A educação, preocupada principalmente com a aquisição de competências e/ou a transmissão de conhecimentos, tem dado pouca atenção para a compreensão do mundo - isto é, um modo de pensar que não tem como objetivo primeiro a resolução de problemas. Para entender melhor a relevância dessa questão, recorremos à distinção que Hannah Arendt traça entre o pensar e o conhecer. A abordagem da autora sobre essas atividades do espírito foi desencadeada pelo processo de Eichmann em Jerusalém. Na ocasião, ela observa que o réu foi capaz de coordenar a deportação dos judeus para os campos de concentração, mas era incapaz de refletir sobre o significado de seus atos. Depois, em sua obra A vida do espírito, ela veio a constatar que conhecimento e pensamento são duas faculdades distintas. O conhecer diz respeito à busca da verdade. Os conhecimentos possuem uma validade geral e uma utilidade. A atividade cognitiva, no entanto, mostra-se limitada por ser incapaz de atribuir um significado à nossa relação com o mundo. A busca de sentido é específica do pensamento, a reflexão sobre as experiências, cujos "resultados", porém, são "fugidios" e, muitas vezes, julgados inúteis. Este artigo, contudo, sustenta que o pensar, enquanto busca de sentido, é essencial para uma educação que, além de possibilitar um saber e um saber fazer, pretende contribuir para que os jovens estabeleçam uma relação de sentido e de pertença com o mundo humano.
Composição e diversidade da fauna de aranhas (Arachnida, Araneae) da Fazenda Nazareth, Município de José de Freitas, Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Leonardo Sousa , Avelino Marcelo Thiago Lima
Published: December 2010

Quatro fitofisionomias do Bioma Cerrado (mata dos cocais, mata seca semi-decídua primária, mata seca semi-decídua secundária e cerrado típico) na Fazenda Nazareth (Município de José de Freitas, Piauí) foram amostradas utilizando-se guarda-chuva entomológico e armadilhas de queda. Os indivíduos coletados a partir do protocolo estruturado e aqueles coletados previamente na área de estudo (amostragens ocasionais com armadilhas de interceptação e queda) foram identificados unificadamente. Um total de 1215 aranhas, 40 famílias e 114 espécies foram amostradas. Somente 38 espécies foram amostradas no durante o inventário padronizado. As curvas de riqueza de espécies estimadas variaram entre 47 (Bootstrap) e 124 (Chao2) espécies. A mata seca semi-decídua secundária exibiu maior abundância de aranhas (221 indivíduos) e riqueza em espécies (19 spp.). Este é o primeiro estudo comparando estas fitofisionomias, comuns no Norte do Piauí, e indubitavelmente ameaçadas pelo avanço da agricultura no estado. A riqueza em espécies de aranhas encontrada na Fazenda Nazareth é a segunda maior registrada para o Estado do Piauí.
Ecologia e ontogenia da alimentação de Astyanax janeiroensis (Osteichthyes, Characidae) de um riacho costeiro do Sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Mazzoni Rosana , Nery Lívia Lourenço , Iglesias-Rios Ricardo
Published: December 2010

No presente trabalho tivemos como objetivo descrever as variações espaço-temporais e ontogenéticas da dieta de Astyanax janeiroensis do Rio Ubatiba, um riacho costeiro da Serra do Mar. Analisamos o conteúdo gástrico de 540 exemplares capturados mensalmente, durante 12 meses, em seis localidades, sendo três com cobertura (localidade fechada) vegetal e três sem cobertura (localidade aberta). Verificamos que A. janeiroensis é uma espécie onívora, com dieta essencialmente baseada em itens autóctones, majoritariamente de origem vegetal. O coeficiente intestinal da espécie foi estimado em 0,74 (+ 1,2) que é um valor compatível com o hábito alimentar onívoro. Não foram registradas diferenças na dieta dos exemplares coletados durantes as estações seca e chuvosa. No entanto, foram registradas diferenças na dieta dos exemplares coletados nas localidades aberta e fechada. Nas localidades fechadas houve predominância quase absoluta de itens autóctones, enquanto nas localidades abertas houve participação equivalente dos itens alóctones e autóctones. Registramos que os exemplares jovens e adultos diferem no consumo dos itens animais e vegetais com redução relativa do consumo e animais entre os adultos. Os valores do coeficiente intestinal dos jovens foram superiores aos dos adultos, corroborando os resultados da dieta.
Conhecimento ecológico tradicional sobre fruteiras para pesca na Comunidade de Estirão Comprido, Barão de Melgaço - Pantanal Matogrossense
Authors: Morais Fernando Ferreira de , Silva Carolina Joana da
Published: December 2010

Esta pesquisa aborda o conhecimento ecológico tradicional de fruteiras na comunidade de Estirão Comprido, localizada às margens do Rio Cuiabá, Barão de Melgaço, Pantanal Matogrossense. Foram entrevistados 20 pescadores, utilizando-se a técnica de listagem livre, a qual foi analisada pelo índice de saliência de Smith e análise de consenso cultural, com o programa ANTHROPAC 4.0. Os resultados mostraram que o conhecimento ecológico tradicional sobre fruteiras foi de 30 espécies distribuídas em 21 famílias de plantas. A análise de índice de saliência de Smith mostrou quatro rupturas quanto à ordenação e frequência de respostas, sendo que a primeira contemplou uma espécie, a segunda oito espécies, a terceira quatro espécies e a quarta ruptura 17 espécies. O consenso cultural dos pescadores sobre o conhecimento ecológico tradicional concentrou-se em nove espécies de fruteiras: parada, coquinho, marmelada, roncador, sardinha, timbó, acaiá, jenipava e taiuiá, verificado pela relação entre fatores, onde o primeiro fator foi aproximadamente nove vezes maior que o segundo fator com probabilidade = 0,951. O estudo evidenciou que esta comunidade pantaneira apresenta um conhecimento sobre as fruteiras que são a base da cadeia alimentar das espécies de peixes de valor comercial.
First occurrences of the greater bonneted Eumops perotis (Molossidae) in the State of Paraná and synthesis of the known records for Brazil
Authors: Suckow Urubatan Moura Skerratt , Bianconi Gledson Vigiano , Parolin Lays Cherobim , Lima Isaac Passos
Published: December 2010

Eumops perotis has just a few confirmed records in South America and an uneven distribution throughout the continent. In this paper, we show the first occurrence of this molossid in the State of Paraná, Southern Brazil and summarize all the known localities for the country.
Reviewing the Role of Wildfire on the Occurrence and Spread of Invasive Plant Species in Wildland Areas of the Intermountain Western United States
Authors: Rew Lisa J. , Johnson Mara P.
Published: December 2010

Fire is unlikely to be a simple, deterministic process that will result in increased rates of invasion by nonnative plants. Relative dominance of nonnative plants at any postfire site likely results from a combination of factors, including propagule pressure (aboveground and belowground), time since invasion, interspecific competition, disturbance history, rainfall patterns, soil nutrients, environmental heterogeneity, land use, plus the actual fire dynamics. Consequently, the role different factors play in nonnative plant invasion is still relatively unexplained, and the possibility that wildfire may promote nonnative plant species remains a concern. Our aim was to evaluate the state of knowledge concerning how nonnative plant species establish, survive, and spread following wildfire in wildland areas for the main vegetation types of the Intermountain West. Although the particular invading species varied with vegetation type, the most frequently reported species were annual grasses (e.g., downy brome [Bromus tectorum], Japanese brome [Bromus japonicus]) and long-distance, dispersing forbs (e.g., Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense], common dandelion [Taraxacum officinale], and prickly lettuce [Lactuca serriola]). Overall, many of the reviewed studies found an increase, followed by a long-term decline, in nonnative species after wildfire, particularly when other disturbances were minimal. Regardless of this finding, many people consider rapid detection and control of new, nonnative plant populations after wildfire one of the most effective management activities. That axiom may be correct, if the nonnative propagule pressure is high and the anthropogenic disturbances are frequent, but if this is not the case the question to answer is whether immediate management, including reseeding, will benefit the system or whether off-target effects could make that approach undesirable. Continued investigation and increased quantitative analysis of the complex factors that likely contribute to changes in nonnative plants dynamics following wildfire should improve our understanding of the issue and assist managers in allocating limited resources.
Roadside as Invasion Pathway for Common Reed (Phragmites australis)
Authors: Brisson Jacques , de Blois Sylvie , Lavoie Claude
Published: December 2010

The rapid progression of an invasive genotype of common reed along roads and other linear infrastructures in North America provides one of the most spectacular examples of the role of transportation corridors as invasion pathways. In this paper, we discuss ecological patterns and processes in roadside habitats important for understanding the invasion dynamics of common reed from coastal areas inland. Frequent disturbances in roadsides combined with potentially high levels of nutrients from adjacent land and stress conditions (from deicing salt and other pollutants) mimic the conditions unfortunately found more and more in natural wetlands. The novel contribution of roads is the creation of linear wetlands with an unprecedented level of connectivity. Genetic evidence shows that invasion inland coincides with the intensification of the road network. Time series analysis of remote sensing data reveals impressive rates of invasion of roadsides and other linear infrastructures, suggesting prime conditions for common reed in these novel habitats. Whereas reed dispersal along roads was thought to be largely due to rhizome transport, new evidence suggests a significant contribution of sexual reproduction and seedling establishment, likely enhanced by climate warming at northern latitudes. There is little evidence that other wetland plants can slow down vegetative expansion of common reed in roadside habitats, but plant cover could prevent seedling establishment and shading by shrubs and trees limit lateral clonal expansion. The fact that common reed possibly provides water treatment and other ecosystem services in roadsides must be carefully weighed against the threat to biodiversity in natural systems. All this begs for investigating urgently if, where, and how we should intervene without compromising the great value of wetlands of conservation interest intersected by roads.
Genetics and Reproduction of Common (Phragmites australis) and Giant Reed (Arundo donax)
Authors: Saltonstall Kristin , Lambert Adam , Meyerson Laura A.
Published: December 2010

Genetic diversity and reproductive characteristics may play an important role in the invasion process. Here, we review the genetic structure and reproductive characteristics of common reed and giant reed, two of the most aggressive, large-statured invasive grasses in North America. Common reed reproduces both sexually and asexually and has a complex population structure, characterized by three subspecies with overlapping distributions; of which, one is introduced, one native, and the third is of unknown origins. These three subspecies show varying levels of genetic diversity, with introduced common reed having high levels of nuclear diversity, indicating that multiple introductions have likely occurred. In contrast, giant reed has low genetic diversity and appears to reproduce solely via asexual fragments yet is highly aggressive in parts of its introduced range. Both species are well-adapted for growth in human-dominated landscapes, which is presumably facilitated by their rhizomatous growth habit.
Public Reaction to Invasive Plant Species in a Disturbed Colorado Landscape
Authors: Daab Michael T. , Flint Courtney G.
Published: December 2010

Invasive plant species degrade ecosystems in many ways. Controlling invasive plants is costly for government agencies, businesses, and individuals. North central Colorado is currently experiencing large-scale disturbance, and millions of acres are vulnerable to invasion because of natural and socioeconomic processes. Mountain pine beetles typically endemic to this region have reached epidemic proportions, with up to 80% tree mortality, which opens growing space for invasive plants. In socioeconomic terms, the popularity of this amenity-rich region for tourists and in-migrants has resulted in increased development, often bordering the public land that is common in the American West. Increased recreational access and the construction of new roads and infrastructure disturb ecosystems in an increasingly fragmented landscape. A survey was mailed to more than 4,000 households in a five-county region of north central Colorado to gauge public awareness and attitudes regarding invasive plant species, helping to illuminate whether the public shows a capacity to help land managers detect and respond to invasive plants before they profoundly alter the local ecosystem. Although 88% of respondents had heard or read about invasive plant species, far fewer were familiar with specific, locally targeted species, and fewer still had taken any action to control these species. The overall awareness and concern about invasive plants in the area indicated a capacity for more public participation in management.
Ecophysiological Responses of Giant Reed (Arundo donax) to Herbivory
Authors: Moore Georgianne W. , Watts David A. , Goolsby John A.
Published: December 2010

The effect of invasive species might be lessened if herbivores reduced transpiration and growth rates; however, simply removing photosynthetic material might not ensure that the transpiration rate of active leaf tissue decreases. We assessed whether biological control has an injurious effect on the target plant species, giant reed (Arundo donax), by quantifying leaf photosynthetic and transpiration responses to two herbivores: an armored scale, Rhizaspidiotus donacis, and a stem-galling wasp, Tetramesa romana. Herbivory by a sap-feeding scale and a stem-galling wasp both separately and together, reduces the rates of leaf level physiological processes in A. donax. The effect of the wasp increases with density and reduces photosynthesis by reducing the carboxylation rate of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase, which controls CO2 fixation in photosynthesis. The scale insect reduces photosynthesis by decreasing the maximum rate of electron transport, which determines how much light energy can be captured in photosynthesis. The effect of the armored scale takes approximately 5 mo after infestation, which coincides with generation time. When both insects are present at the same time, the effect of their herbivory appears additive after time for the scale to reproduce. We conclude that a combination of two herbivores can have a stronger physiological effect than one type of herbivore, likely because of their different effects on leaf function.
Biological Control of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) in the Salmon River Canyon of Idaho
Authors: Birdsall Jennifer L. , Markin George P.
Published: December 2010

Yellow starthistle is an invasive, annual, spiny forb that, for the past 30 yr has been steadily advancing up the Salmon River Canyon in west central Idaho. In 1994, a decision was made to attempt to manage yellow starthistle by establishing a complex of biological control agents in a containment zone where the weed was most dense. Between 1995 and 1997, six species of seedhead-attacking insects were introduced and successfully established. By 1999, the insects had spread through the entire containment zone. Following this dispersal, a rapid buildup of insect populations occurred, and, since 2003, seed destruction has fluctuated around 90%. Vegetation monitoring plots, however, have shown no consistent decline in the overall population of yellow starthistle, indicating that the amount of seed produced is still sufficient to allow full replacement. However, county weed control personnel, who are responsible for surveying and destroying outlying populations of yellow starthistle beyond the containment zone, report that, during this period, the number of new, isolated pockets of yellow starthistle they are finding has dropped dramatically. This case study discusses how the biological control program partially met the objective of managing yellow starthistle by reducing the rate of advance of this weed in the Salmon River Canyon.
Colonization, Spread, and Growth ofLygodium microphyllumon Tree Islands in a Wetland in Florida
Authors: Fujisaki Ikuko , Brandt Laura A. , Chen Hongjun , Mazzotti Frank J.
Published: December 2010

We monitored colonization, spread, and growth of an exotic Old World climbing fern on tree islands in the interior marsh of Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida to investigate linkages between its colonization and growth and environmental factors. Number of the patches continuously increased over a 2-yr monitoring period, but mean patch area and height did not increase. Lower water depth was associated with larger number of patches whereas higher water depth was associated with higher mean patch height. Patch occurrence probability at each 3 m (9.8 ft) grid within tree islands also increased and indicated that patches spread from outer areas to interiors of tree islands over time. Patch occurrence probability was lower in sawgrass-dominated locations, which typically occur at the margin of tree islands, compared to locations dominated by woody plants. Patch occurrence probability was higher on west sides of tree islands corresponding to the side of the islands most impacted by a recent major hurricane. This study revealed that colonization and growth of Old World climbing fern are characterized by several spatial and temporal factors. A detection protocol using ground surveys that focus on the edges of tree islands could be an efficient way to identify early infestations on tree islands in the Refuge. Such a protocol also might be useful to identify new infestations on tree islands in other areas of the Everglades.
Ecology and Impacts of the Large-Statured Invasive Grasses Arundo donax and Phragmites australis in North America
Authors: Lambert Adam M. , Dudley Tom L. , Saltonstall Kristin
Published: December 2010

Large-statured invasive grasses (LSIGs) constitute a distinct functional group with characteristic life history traits that facilitate colonization and aggressive growth in aquatic ecosystems, particularly those modified by human activities. These species typically form monocultures in the systems they invade and have wide-ranging and negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem processes. In March 2008, a special symposium was held as part of the Western Society of Weed Scientists annual meeting to synthesize our current knowledge of the ecological impacts and management of two notorious LSIGs: Arundo donax and Phragmites australis. In this volume of Invasive Plant Science and Management, symposium participants provide articles summarizing existing knowledge, recent research progress, and research needs for these two taxa. Here, we summarize the basic biology of these species and suggest the use of a more holistic approach to deal with the effects and management of LSIG invasions.
Late Archaic Modes of Broad-Bladed Biface Transmission across Northeastern North America: A Regional Approach
Authors: Pagoulatos Peter
Published: December 2010

Late/Terminal Archaic (4500-2500 B.P.) modes of broad-bladed biface transmission across Northeastern North America are still rather poorly understood. This present study attempts to test a series of diffusion- and migration-based theories against archaeological data collected from six major river drainages across the Atlantic seaboard, including the Savannah, James, Susquehanna, Delaware, Connecticut, and Penobscot. Preliminary results indicate that Late/Terminal Archaic territorial boundaries were relatively fluid and porous, which is indicative of a highly mobile frontier, and that the modes of broad-bladed biface transmission were complex and multifaceted. Although low level migration and short-distance movements likely occurred, current data, however, indicate that the majority of transmission was by way of diffusion-based processes, better typified by the movement of ideas, concepts, and material culture, rather than the mass movement of human populations across the Atlantic seaboard.
Was Newtown a Fort Ancient Progenitor?
Authors: Tankersley Kenneth B. , Haines Angela L.
Published: December 2010

Petrography and powder x-ray diffraction show a technological continuity between Newtown and Fort Ancient pottery in the central Ohio River valley. Both Newtown and Fort Ancient pottery were manufactured from clays derived from Upper Ordovician shale and calcium carbonate temper. The initial use of calcium carbonate temper in the central Ohio River valley co-occurs with the appearance of maize in the Middle Woodland cultural period and may have been inspired by or related to the use of lime for the production of hominy, comparable to the process used ethnohistorically by Algonquian cultures.
Using Ethnoarchaeology and Soils Chemistry to Examine Fisheries on the Arctic Alaskan Coast
Authors: Frink Liam , Knudson Kelly J.
Published: December 2010

The Arctic coast is a critical region for archaeologists to understand how fisheries have impacted hunter-gatherer development. The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in southwestern Alaska is an ideal social and natural environment for archaeologists to study contemporary fisheries activity and their soils signatures. Here we discuss our combined methodological approach to studying fisheries among Native Yup'ik communities with a specific focus on the ethnographic component of our research. We suggest that fisheries-focused research promises to inform current models of coastal adaptation and behavior.
Can the ACA Improve Population Health?
Authors: Goldman Dana P , Lakdawalla Darius N
Published: December 2010

Now that we have covered the uninsured, it is time for us to put the priority on health, not health insurance, according to Darius Lakdawalla and Dana Goldman, both of the University of Southern California. The authors argue that benefits to population health are likely to be limited under the Affordable Care Act (ACA).
Thoracic manifestations of gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Stevic R.S. , Masulovic D.M. , Jovanovic D.M. , Saranovic Dj.Z. , Djuric-Stefanovic A.S. , Stosic-Opincal T.L. , Markovic Z.
Published: December 2010

Variety of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) changes that have their manifestation in thorax, disable their detailed review. Therefore, this article, represents short and overall overview of these conditions. Standard chest x-ray can reveal esophageal disorders, herniation of abdominal organs into thorax, signs of GIT organs perforation, subphrenic abscess. Numerous diseases of intrabadominal organs of digestive tract can spread to the thorax, either per continuitatem or by lymphogenous or hemaotgenous dissemination. Therefore, chest x-ray is obliged by investigation of abdominal organs. If it is necessary additional diagnostic procedures are performed to confirm or exclude the association of lung or pleura features with GIT disorders. Above mentioned, just confirm that chest x-ray is first in algorithm of diagnostic procedures in these pathologic conditions. If there is any suspicion to conditions that require patients treatment, additional imaging methods like computerized tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US) and barium enema of digestive tract are necessary.
Funkciono MR snimanje u detekciji elokventnih mozdanih zona
Authors: Sveljo O.B. , Koprivek K.M. , Lucic M.A. , Markovic Z. , Prvulovic M.
Published: December 2010

Functional magnetic resonance imaging - fMRI is a relative new magnetic resonance technique that may be used for identification of eloquent cortical areas. Gold standard for detection of eloquent areas that should be preserved subsequent to resection is a direct cortical stimulation, which is invasive and frequently difficult to be performed. On the other hand, fMRI has proved to be a promising alternative with good time and spatial resolution. The paper explains the method of the functional MR imagining, origins of the signal and its relation to the neuronal activation. fMRI technique is illustrated by the example of the motor cortex identification. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging - fMRI is a relatively new MR application that can be used for detection of eloquent areas of the brain. The gold standard for identifying eloquent areas of the brain to be avoided in resections is direct cortical stimulation, which is an invasive and difficult procedure. On the other hand fMRI shows great promise as noninvasive alternative to invasive brain mapping with good temporal and spatial resolution. This paper introduces the technique of fMRI, explain the origin of the signal and his connections with neural activations. An illustrative example of a motor activation study is described.
Diagnosis of pericardial cysts: Significance of cardiac magnetic resonance and literature review
Authors: Maksimovic R. , Seferovic P.M. , Ristic A.D. , Stosic-Opincal T.L. , Kratovac-Dunjic M. , Markovic Z. , Markovic B.B. , Masulovic D.M. , Saranovic Dj.Z. , Plesinac-Karapandzic V.
Published: December 2010

Pericardial cysts are uncommon and caused by an incomplete coalescence of fetal lacunae forming the pericardium. The paper presents two cases of pericardial cyst and literature review. The first is a case of a female patient with progressive dispnoa and spherical mass located in the right cardiophrenic angle on a chest x-ray. A pericardial cyst with low signal intensity was noted on T1w, high signal intensity on T2w in TSE (turbo spin echo) sequence on magnetic resonance images (MRI) which was suggestive of serous content. The patient underwent pericardial puncture and was thereafter free of symptoms. Histological study of the cyst confirmed hydatid cyst diagnosis. Another patient is with echocardiographic evidence of cystic formation which was confirmed on MRI, with high signal intensity on SSFP (steady state free precession) sequence. The cyst was without septa and without communication with pericardial space. Since there were no significant hemodynamic changes, the patient is on regular follow up.
Echosonography in diagnostics of carotid artery disease
Authors: Brajovic M.D. , Markovic N.S. , Despotovic N.A. , Loncar G.M. , Dostanic N.I. , Savic Z.N.
Published: December 2010

Color duplex scanning is important method in diagnostics of carotid stenosis disease (CSD). This method is accurate in estimation of stenosis degree and plaque quality characteristics as potential source of embolus. It enable the approach to extracranial as mostly affected segments of carotid arteries, frequent follow up of asymptomatic clinical course of the disease and inspection in local chemodynamic flow parameters. Beside numerous advantages, in cases of severe degree stenosis of echolucent or heterogeneous calcificant plaques, estimation of stenosis degree is inaccurate and than the use maximal flow velocities for stenosis degree estimation is better. Unfortunately in this situation some local carotid changes like multiple carotid plaques, significant proximal or distal concomitant stenosis as well as some disease like arterial hypertension, aortic valve disease, arrhythmia absoluta etc. may over or underestimate the stenosis degree, and thus make impossible the right diagnosis. .
Arteriovenous malformations: Ethanolamine oleate sclerotherapy
Authors: Hyodoh H. , Hyodoh K.
Published: December 2010

Peripheral vascular malformations are now described according to some accepted guidelines, and the principle of proper treatment (nodus ablation) is becoming clear. An appropriate classification schema for vascular anomalies and definite indications for treatment are important to successful treatment overall. Non-invasive imaging (US, CT, and MRI) in association with clinical findings is critical in establishing the diagnosis, evaluating the extent of the malformation, and planning appropriate treatment. Direct nidus phlebography is useful not only in making a correct diagnosis but also in treating the lesion by sclerotherapy. When a patient suffers clinical complications, the nidus sclerotherapy becomes mandatory. If the vascular malformation remains bloodstream to a drainage vein during nidus opacification, flow control is necessary to achieve complete nidus ablation. A multidisciplinary approach is needed in the treatment of a high-flow lesion. A dedicated team approach is necessary for appropriate management in most cases. .
Radijaciono opterecenje pacijenata u konvencionalnoj dijagnostickoj radiologiji - analiza radioloske prakse u Srbiji
Authors: Ciraj-Bjelac O.F. , Kovacevic M.S. , Kosutic D.D. , Stankovic S.S.
Published: December 2010

X-rays are by far most significant contributor to total population dose from man-made sources of radiation. Diagnostic reference levels provide frameworks to reduce variability. The aim of this study is to establish, for the first time, a baseline for national diagnostic reference levels in Serbia for the most common X-ray examination types. Dose estimates are based on measurements of kerma-area product and Entrance surface air kerma for at least ten patients for each examination type, in each of 16 randomly selected hospitals in Serbia. Mean, median and third quartile values of patient doses are reported. Results have shown wide variation of mean hospital doses. Entrance surface doses were compared with previously published diagnostic reference levels. Doses for all studied examination types except chest radiography were within European DRL. The reasons for dose variation are discussed. The findings emphasize the importance of regular patient dose measurement to ensure that patient doses are kept as low as reasonable achievable.
Perkutano-retrogradna rekanalizacija uretralnih striktura prekrivenim metalnim stentovima
Authors: Stojanovic V. , Markovic Z. , Markovic B.B. , Hadzi-Djokic J. , Tulic C.
Published: December 2010

Our own experience in application of a combined percutaneous-retrograde approach for recanalization of the urethral structures in 4 patients in presented. Metallic guide is placed via the previously created percutaneous nephrostomy while dilatation or insertion of the metallic stent is performed retrogradely. The approach is used in the strictures in which percutaneous placement of the recanalization balloon catheter into the stricture site was impossible. The method was successfully applied in all 4 cases in absence of any complications.
Postoperative radiotherapy of the cervical carcinoma in elderly patients: Over 60 years
Authors: Plesinac-Karapandzic V. , Zoranovic S. , Plesinac S. , Milosevic Z. , Masulovic D.M.
Published: December 2010

The purpose of the study was to analyze survival and late radiation effects according to performed surgery and radiation therapy in elderly patients. Between 1996-1997. year 44 patients with cervical carcinoma older then 60 years were treated with postoperative radiotherapy. Radiotherapy included external beam irradiation with TD 36-45 Gy in 18-22 fractions and endocavitar brachy-therapy with TD 28-35Gy in 4-5 fractions. We analyzed two groups of patients group I 29/44 (65,9%) had radical operation by Werthaim-Meigs vs group II 15/44 (34,1%) patients had standard operation. Median follow-up was 48 months. Survival for all patients was 70,43%. Late postirradiation effects in the gastrointestinal tract were 40,9% and in urinary tract 25% - in both groups. A larger percent of late postirradiation sequeles were on GIT in group I vs group II (44,8% vs 33,3%) and on UR tract also (31,03% vs 13,3%). The doses of external beam irradation were equalize in both groups, while brachytherapy regime 4xTD7,5Gy was more represent in group I. Late side effects and complications after postoperative radiotherapy are acceptable, but it is necessary to carry out randomized trials with different dose regime in brachytherapy.
Transition metal complexes of 5-bromosalicylidene-4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazine-5-one: Synthesis, characterization, catalytic and antibacterial studies
Authors: Ramasubramanian A.S. , Bhat Ramachandra , Dileep Ramakrishna , Rani Sandya
Published: December 2010

Transition metal complexes of 5-bromosalicylidene-4-amino-3-
mercapto-1,2,4-triazine-5-one with metal precursors, such as Cu(II), Ni(II),
Co(II) and Pd(II), were synthesized and characterized by physicochemical and
spectroscopic techniques. All the complexes are of the ML type. Based on
analytical, spectral data and magnetic moments, the Co(II) and Ni(II)
complexes were assigned octahedral geometries, while the Cu (II) and Pd(II)
complexes square planar. A study on the catalytic oxidation of benzyl
alcohol, cyclohexanol, cinnamyl alcohol, 2-propanol and 2- methyl-1-propanol
was performed with N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMO) and molecular oxygen as
co-oxidants. All the complexes and their parent organic moiety were screened
for their biological activity on several pathogenic bacteria and were found
to possess appreciable bactericidal properties.
Synthesis of new derivatives of 1-(3-amino-phenyl)-4- benzoyl-5-phenyl-1h-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid
Authors: Kasimogullari Rahmi , Zengin Belma , Maden Makbule , Mert Samet , Kazaz Cavit
Published: December 2010

4-Benzoyl-1-(3-aminophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3- carboxylic acid (1) was
synthesized according to the literature.1 2-(3-
Aminophenyl)-3,4-diphenyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazin-7(6H)-one (5) was
obtained by the cyclocondensation reaction of 1 with hydrazine hydrate. New
pyrazole derivatives of compounds 1 and 5 were synthesized by their reaction
with ?-diketones, ?-ketoesters, ?-naphthol, phenol and various other
reagents. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by
1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR and Mass spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis.
A murine model of hypertonic saline as a treatment for acute spinal cord injury: effects on autonomic outcome
Authors: Levene Howard B. , Elliott Melanie B. , Gaughan John P. , Loftus Christopher M. , Tuma Ronald F. , Jallo Jack I.
Published: December 2010

Object

Spinal cord injury (SCI) continues to be a problem without a definitive cure. Research based on improved understanding of the immunological aspects of SCI has revealed targets for treating and ameliorating the extent of secondary injury. Hypertonic saline (HTS), a substance both easy to create and to transport, has been investigated as an immunologically active material that can be used in a clinically relevant interval after injury. In this pilot study, HTS was investigated in a murine model for its abilities to ameliorate secondary injury after a severe spinal cord contusion.

Methods

Female C57Bl/6 mice with severe T8–10 contusion injuries were used as the model subjects. A group of 41 mice were studied in a blinded fashion. Mice received treatments with HTS (HTS, 7.5%) or normal saline solution (NSS, 0.9%) at 2 discreet time points (3 and 24 hours after injury.) A separate group of 9 untreated animals were also used as controls. Animals were assessed for autonomic outcome (bladder function). In a group of 33 mice, histological assessment (cellular infiltration) was also measured.

Results

Bladder function was found to be improved significantly in those treated with HTS compared with those who received NSS and also at later treatment times (24 hours) than at earlier treatment times (3 hours). Decreased cellular infiltration in each group correlated with bladder recovery.

Conclusions

The increased effectiveness of later administration time of the more osmotically active and immunomodulatory substance (HTS) suggests that interaction with events occurring around 24 hours after injury is critical. These events may be related to the invasion of leukocytes peaking at 8–24 hours postinjury and/or the peak benefit time of subject rehydration.
Neuroglial cyst of the sacral canal
Authors: Singh Navneet , Cowie Richard , Pal Piyali , Karabatsou Konstantina
Published: December 2010

Spinal neuroglial cysts are rare. Although there are a few case reports, none describe such cysts within the sacral canal. The authors describe the case of a 29-year-old man who presented with symptoms of urinary retention over a period of several months. Imaging of his lumbar spine demonstrated the presence of an extradural cystic lesion within the sacral canal. He underwent resection of the cyst, with complete reversal of his bladder impairment. Histopathological studies confirmed the presence of a sacral neuroglial cyst.
Prevention of facial pressure ulcers using the Mayfield clamp for sacral tumor resection
Authors: Goodwin C. Rory , Recinos Pablo F. , Omeis Ibrahim , Momin Eric N. , Witham Timothy F. , Bydon Ali , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Wolinsky Jean-Paul
Published: December 2010

Sacral neoplasm resection is managed via partial or total sacrectomy that is performed via the Kraske approach. The combination of the patients positioning and the relatively long operative time required for this procedure increase the risk of pressure ulcers. Facial pressure ulcers can cause tissue necrosis and/or ulceration in a highly visible area, leading to a cosmetically disfiguring lesion. Here, the authors report the use of a Mayfield clamp in the positioning of patients undergoing sacral tumor resection to prevent facial pressure ulceration. After the patient is placed prone in the Kraske or Jackknife position, the hips and knees are flexed with arms to the side. Then while in the prone position, the patient is physically placed in pins, and the Mayfield clamp is fixated at the center of the metal arch via the Mayfield sitting adapter to the Andrews frame, suspending the head (and face) over the table. The authors find that this technique prevents the development of facial pressure ulcers, and it has the potential to be used in patients positioned in the Kraske position for other surgical procedures.
Return to golf after spine surgery
Authors: Abla Adib A. , Maroon Joseph C. , Lochhead Richard , Sonntag Volker K. H. , Maroon Adara , Field Melvin
Published: December 2010

Object

No published evidence indicates when patients can resume golfing after spine surgery. The objective of this study is to provide data from surveys sent to spine surgeons.

Methods

A survey of North American Spine Society members was undertaken querying the suggested timing of return to golf. Of 1000 spine surgeons surveyed, 523 responded (52.3%). The timing of recommended return to golf and the reasons were questioned for college/professional athletes and avid and recreational golfers of both sexes. Responses were tallied for lumbar laminectomy, lumbar microdiscectomy, lumbar fusion, and anterior cervical discectomy with fusion.

Results

The most common recommended time for return to golf was 4–8 weeks after lumbar laminectomy and lumbar microdiscectomy, 2–3 months after anterior cervical fusion, and 6 months after lumbar fusion. The results showed a statistically significant increase in the recommended time to resume golf after lumbar fusion than after cervical fusion in all patients (p < 0.01). The same holds true for the return to play after cervical fusion compared with either lumbar laminectomy or lumbar microdiscectomy for all golfer types (p < 0.01). There was a statistically significant shorter recommended time for professional and college golfers compared with noncompetitive golfers after lumbar fusion (p < 0.01), anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (p < 0.01), and lumbar microdiscectomy (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The return to golf after spine surgery depends on many variables, including the general well-being of patients in terms of pain control and comfort when golfing. This survey serves as a guide that can assist medical practitioners in telling patients the average times recommended by surgeons across North America regarding return to golf after spine surgery.