bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unusual Fish Assemblages Associated with Environmental Changes in the East China Sea in February and March 2017
Authors: Ding Wenxiang , Zhang Caiyun , Hu Jianyu , Shang Shaoping
Published: May 2021

Two large fish assemblages were recorded in the overwintering fishing grounds of the East China Sea in February and March 2017. In this study, available time series of satellite-derived sea surface temperature, wind, chlorophyll a, and reanalysis data were used to explore the relationships between the observed large fish aggregations and environmental factors. The bottom waters of the fishing grounds were abnormally warm in winter 2017, and then experienced significant cooling due to the eastward movement of the Yellow Sea Cold Current, which was driven by the increased northwesterly wind from January to mid-March 2017. Fishing areas in the affected region, including No. 1891, which was abnormally warm, and No. 1592, which had a strong thermal front and high chlorophyll a concentration, might have provided suitable environments for the warm-temperature fish, resulting in the observed large fish assemblages. The abnormal temperature changes between winter and early spring 2017 may have been associated with changes in local ocean circulation.
Temporal Variability of Oceanic Mesoscale Events in the Gulf of California
Authors: Farach-Espinoza Edgardo Basilio , López-Martínez Juana , García-Morales Ricardo , Nevárez-Martínez Manuel Otilio , Lluch-Cota Daniel Bernardo , Ortega-García Sofia
Published: May 2021

Oceanic mesoscale events such as eddies, coastal upwelling, filaments and fronts created by water mass intrusion present properties allowing them to concentrate, transport and disperse salt, nutrients and plankton, among other important constituents in the ocean. The use of satellite images enables the continuous monitoring of the ocean dynamics at different temporal and spatial scales, aiding the study of its variability. This study focuses on the identification of these mesoscale events in the Gulf of California (GC) by means of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) fronts (edge) detection by processing 5-day satellite images from the 1998–2019 period. The annual occurrence or frequency and duration of each event was identified; the interannual variability was evaluated and underlying correlations with the Multivariate El Niño Index (MEI) and the Pacific Decadal Index (PDOI) were assessed via Principal Component Analysis. Most events showed a seasonal variability due to the seasonal behavior of forcing agents (i.e., Pacific Ocean and winds) that stimulate their formation or presence in the GC; seasonality was more evident in the northern region than in the southern region. The interannual variability of their frequency or duration was associated with strong and intense El Niño and La Niña conditions (positive or negative MEI values) together with positive or negative phases of the PDOI. The use of SST and Chl a satellite images with a 5-day temporal resolution allowed to better identify and quantify the annual frequency and duration of each mesoscale event. It allowed to detect a seasonal behavior of these events in the northern region, followed by the central region. The southern region, due to the interaction of different water masses with unique characteristics, exhibited a less evident seasonality in the frequency of eddies, and no apparent association between their interannual frequency and duration with the MEI and PDOI. Constantly monitoring these oceanic events and their variability will help in the understanding of how the different regions of this large marine ecosystem respond to these variations in the long term.
Piezoelectric Impact Energy Harvester Based on the Composite Spherical Particle Chain for Self-Powered Sensors
Authors: Yang Shuo , Wu Bin , Liu Xiucheng , Li Mingzhi , Wang Heying , He Cunfu
Published: May 2021

In this study, a novel piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) based on the array composite spherical particle chain was constructed and explored in detail through simulation and experimental verification. The power test of the PEH based on array composite particle chains in the self-powered system was realized. Firstly, the model of PEH based on the composite spherical particle chain was constructed to theoretically realize the collection, transformation, and storage of impact energy, and the advantages of a composite particle chain in the field of piezoelectric energy harvesting were verified. Secondly, an experimental system was established to test the performance of the PEH, including the stability of the system under a continuous impact load, the power adjustment under different resistances, and the influence of the number of particle chains on the energy harvesting efficiency. Finally, a self-powered supply system was established with the PEH composed of three composite particle chains to realize the power supply of the microelectronic components. This paper presents a method of collecting impact energy based on particle chain structure, and lays an experimental foundation for the application of a composite particle chain in the field of piezoelectric energy harvesting.
Study of the Efficiency of Fog Computing in an Optimized LoRaWAN Cloud Architecture
Authors: Jalowiczor Jakub , Rozhon Jan , Voznak Miroslav
Published: May 2021

The technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT) have an increasing influence on our daily lives. The expansion of the IoT is associated with the growing number of IoT devices that are connected to the Internet. As the number of connected devices grows, the demand for speed and data volume is also greater. While most IoT network technologies use cloud computing, this solution becomes inefficient for some use-cases. For example, suppose that a company that uses an IoT network with several sensors to collect data within a production hall. The company may require sharing only selected data to the public cloud and responding faster to specific events. In the case of a large amount of data, the off-loading techniques can be utilized to reach higher efficiency. Meeting these requirements is difficult or impossible for solutions adopting cloud computing. The fog computing paradigm addresses these cases by providing data processing closer to end devices. This paper proposes three possible network architectures that adopt fog computing for LoRaWAN because LoRaWAN is already deployed in many locations and offers long-distance communication with low-power consumption. The architecture proposals are further compared in simulations to select the optimal form in terms of total service time. The resulting optimal communication architecture could be deployed to the existing LoRaWAN with minimal cost and effort of the network operator.
Low-Cost Sensor Based on SDR Platforms for TETRA Signals Monitoring
Authors: Helbet Robert , Bechet Paul , Monda Vasile , Miclaus Simona , Bouleanu Iulian
Published: May 2021

The paper presents the design and implementation of an electromagnetic field monitoring sensor for the measurement of the Terrestrial Truncked Radio (TETRA) signals using low-cost software defined radio (SDR) platforms. The sensor includes: an SDR platform, a Global Positioning System (GPS) module and a hardware control module. Several SDR platforms having different resolutions of the analog–digital converters were tested in the first phase. The control module was implemented in two variants: a fixed one, using a laptop, and a mobile one, using a Raspberry Pi. The tests demonstrate the following achieved performances: instantaneous acquisition band of 5.12 MHz; dynamic range of the input signal level of (−100 to −30) dBm; frequency resolution of 2.5 kHz; portability and flexibility for use in outdoor environments. The sensor allows complete reporting through amplitude-time-frequency-location descriptors, and in the case of the mobile version, the system performs correctly even at a maximum speed of displacement of 120 km/h. The price of the mobile sensor system variant is approximately EUR 320.
Detection of Microplastic in Salts Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy
Authors: Im Jaeseung , Goo Taewon , Kim Jugyoung , Choi Soobong , Hong Sung Ju , Bahk Young-Mi
Published: May 2021

We report on a prototypical study of the detection of microplastic embedded in table salts by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. In the experiment, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) of sizes from 150 to 400 μm are used as a representative microplastic and mixed with table salts. Analyzing terahertz transmittance with an effective medium model, we extract various optical properties such as refractive index, absorption coefficient, and real/imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of the mixture. Consequently, the optical properties exhibit volume-ratio-dependence in 0.1–0.5 THz regimes. Especially, the refractive index and the real part of the dielectric constant possess monotonic frequency dependence, meaning that the quantities can be relevant indicators for the detection of the microplastic in terms of practical applications. Our work proves that terahertz time-domain spectroscopy can pave a way to recognize microplastic mixed with salts and be expanded for detecting various micro-sized particles.
Observational and Accelerometer Analysis of Head Movement Patterns in Psychotherapeutic Dialogue
Authors: Inoue Masashi , Irino Toshio , Furuyama Nobuhiro , Hanada Ryoko
Published: May 2021

Psychotherapists, who use their communicative skills to assist people, review their dialogue practices and improve their skills from their experiences. However, technology has not been fully exploited for this purpose. In this study, we analyze the use of head movements during actual psychotherapeutic dialogues between two participants—therapist and client—using video recordings and head-mounted accelerometers. Accelerometers have been utilized in the mental health domain but not for analyzing mental health related communications. We examined the relationship between the state of the interaction and temporally varying head nod and movement patterns in psychological counseling sessions. Head nods were manually annotated and the head movements were measured using accelerometers. Head nod counts were analyzed based on annotations taken from video data. We conducted cross-correlation analysis of the head movements of the two participants using the accelerometer data. The results of two case studies suggest that upward and downward head nod count patterns may reflect stage transitions in counseling dialogues and that peaks of head movement synchrony may be related to emphasis in the interaction.
Tracklet Pair Proposal and Context Reasoning for Video Scene Graph Generation
Authors: Jung Gayoung , Lee Jonghun , Kim Incheol
Published: May 2021

Video scene graph generation (ViDSGG), the creation of video scene graphs that helps in deeper and better visual scene understanding, is a challenging task. Segment-based and sliding-window based methods have been proposed to perform this task. However, they all have certain limitations. This study proposes a novel deep neural network model called VSGG-Net for video scene graph generation. The model uses a sliding window scheme to detect object tracklets of various lengths throughout the entire video. In particular, the proposed model presents a new tracklet pair proposal method that evaluates the relatedness of object tracklet pairs using a pretrained neural network and statistical information. To effectively utilize the spatio-temporal context, low-level visual context reasoning is performed using a spatio-temporal context graph and a graph neural network as well as high-level semantic context reasoning. To improve the detection performance for sparse relationships, the proposed model applies a class weighting technique that adjusts the weight of sparse relationships to a higher level. This study demonstrates the positive effect and high performance of the proposed model through experiments using the benchmark dataset VidOR and VidVRD.
Vehicular Crowdsourcing for Congestion Support in Smart Cities
Authors: Olariu Stephan
Published: May 2021

Under present-day practices, the vehicles on our roadways and city streets are mere spectators that witness traffic-related events without being able to participate in the mitigation of their effect. This paper lays the theoretical foundations of a framework for harnessing the on-board computational resources in vehicles stuck in urban congestion in order to assist transportation agencies with preventing or dissipating congestion through large-scale signal re-timing. Our framework is called VACCS: Vehicular Crowdsourcing for Congestion Support in Smart Cities. What makes this framework unique is that we suggest that in such situations the vehicles have the potential to cooperate with various transportation authorities to solve problems that otherwise would either take an inordinate amount of time to solve or cannot be solved for lack for adequate municipal resources. VACCS offers direct benefits to both the driving public and the Smart City. By developing timing plans that respond to current traffic conditions, overall traffic flow will improve, carbon emissions will be reduced, and economic impacts of congestion on citizens and businesses will be lessened. It is expected that drivers will be willing to donate under-utilized on-board computing resources in their vehicles to develop improved signal timing plans in return for the direct benefits of time savings and reduced fuel consumption costs. VACCS allows the Smart City to dynamically respond to traffic conditions while simultaneously reducing investments in the computational resources that would be required for traditional adaptive traffic signal control systems.
Soil Sulfur Sources Differentially Enhance Cadmium Tolerance in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Mir Iqbal R. , Rather Bilal A. , Masood Asim , Majid Arif , Sehar Zebus , Anjum Naser A. , Sofo Adriano , D’Ippolito Ilaria , Khan Nafees A.
Published: May 2021

The effect of four soil-applied sulfur (100 mg S kg−1 soil (100S) and 200 mg S kg−1 soil (200S)) in different sources (elemental S, ammonium sulfate, gypsum or magnesium sulfate) in protecting mustard (Brassica juncea L. (Czern & Coss.)) from cadmium effects was studied. Based on the observed reduction in growth and photosynthesis in plants subjected to 100 and 200 mg Cd kg−1 soil, B. juncea cv. Giriraj was selected as the most Cd-tolerant among five cultivars (namely, Giriraj, RH-0749, Pusa Agrani, RH-406, and Pusa Tarak). Sulfur applied to soil mitigated the negative impact of Cd on sulfur assimilation, cell viability, and photosynthetic functions, with a lower lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS: hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, and superoxide anion, O2•−). Generally, added S caused higher activity of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase), contents of ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH); increases in the activities of their regenerating enzymes (dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase); as well as rises in S assimilation, biosynthesis of non-protein thiols (NPTs), and phytochelatins (PCs). Compared to the other S-sources tested, elemental S more prominently protected B. juncea cv. Giriraj against Cd-impacts by minimizing Cd-accumulation and its root-to-shoot translocation; decreasing cellular ROS and membrane damage, and improving Cd-chelation (NPTs and PCs), so strengthening the defense machinery against Cd. The results suggest the use of elemental S for favoring the growth and development of cultivated plants also in Cd-contaminated agricultural soils.
Evaluation of Rainfall Interception by Vegetation Using a Rainfall Simulator
Authors: Mendes Thiago Augusto , Alves Roberto Dutra , Gitirana Gilson de Farias Neves , Pereira Sávio Aparecido dos Santos , Rebolledo Juan Félix Rodriguez , da Luz Marta Pereira
Published: May 2021

Interception by vegetation is one of the main variables controlling hydrological and geo-environmental problems such as erosion, landslides and floods. Interception, along with precipitation and evapotranspiration, is required for the modeling of infiltration, percolation and runoff. Unfortunately, the measurement of interception in the field is time consuming, burdensome and subject to testing parameters with relatively high variability. In this context, experiments using rainfall simulators (RSs) have the potential to provide an alternative approach that addresses most of the limitations of field experiments. This paper presents a new approach to evaluate interception that combines a RS and the monitoring of the wetting front using pore-water pressure instrumentation at specific locations of the specimen. Two specimens are required, one with and another without vegetation. The proposed approach was applied to Paspalum notatum (bahiagrass) and a tropical soil. The results indicated an average interception of 5.1 mm of the simulated rainfall for a slope at 15 degrees, rainfall intensity of 86 mm h−1, and duration of 60 min. Furthermore, the vegetation decreased the surface runoff that contributes to erosion. The proposed method will enable studies on the interception mechanisms and the various involved variables, with benefits to the modeling of soil-vegetation-atmosphere interaction.
Resilience in Retrospective: The Trajectory of Agro-Pastoral Systems in the Centro Region of Portugal
Authors: Dinis Isabel , Simões Orlando
Published: May 2021

Agro-pastoral systems in southern European regions have been subjected to various disturbances in the past few decades. Still, a certain amount of resilience allowed to withstand its sharp decline. The Serra da Estrela cheese production, the most representative agro-pastoral system of the Portuguese Centro Region, is a demonstrative case study. The main objective of this research is to understand the trajectory of this system up to present, its adaptation to internal and external changes and evolution trends. We used the concepts of resilience and socio–ecological system as framework in a qualitative study. Participatory methods were applied using the perspectives of local actors, in order to identify and analyze the key factors. The main drivers are socio-demographic (ageing, depopulation, social perception of the profession), economic (free market, industrialization), political (lack of adequate of national and European policies) and environmental (climate change, forest fires). Our results are in line with other European cases. To cope with these trends, the system is irreversibly transforming, moving into a new trajectory characterized by different systemic architecture. In face of the ongoing changes, the interactions between the social and the ecological subsystems are blurring, whereas local communities and traditions are being excluded.
Does Job Embeddedness Mediate the Effect of Resilience on Cabin Attendants’ Career Satisfaction and Creative Performance?
Authors: Eslamlou Aram , Karatepe Osman M. , Uner Mehmet Mithat
Published: May 2021

An increasing body of research suggests job embeddedness (JE) as a motivational variable influencing employees’ attitudinal and behavioral outcomes such as quitting intentions and task performance. Personal resources have been reported to affect JE and these outcomes. However, little work has investigated the antecedents and consequences of JE among cabin attendants. There is also a dearth of empirical research regarding the mechanism linking resilience to cabin attendants’ affective and performance outcomes. Therefore, drawing on conservation of resources and JE theories, we propose a conceptual model that examines the interrelationships of resilience, JE, career satisfaction (CSAT), and creative performance (CPERF). Moreover, the model explores JE as a mediator of the impact of resilience on CSAT and CPERF. These linkages were tested via data collected from cabin attendants and their pursers. The findings from structural equation modeling reveal that resilience boosts cabin attendants’ JE, CSAT, and CPERF. As predicted, JE is a mediator between resilience and CSAT. Our paper culminates with implications for theory and practice as well as future research directions.
Evaluation of Nonsymmetric Macdonald Superpolynomials at Special Points
Authors: Dunkl Charles F.
Published: May 2021

In a preceding paper the theory of nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials taking values in modules of the Hecke algebra of type A (Dunkl and Luque SLC 2012) was applied to such modules consisting of polynomials in anti-commuting variables, to define nonsymmetric Macdonald superpolynomials. These polynomials depend on two parameters q,t and are defined by means of a Yang–Baxter graph. The present paper determines the values of a subclass of the polynomials at the special points 1,t,t2,… or 1,t−1,t−2,…. The arguments use induction on the degree and computations with products of generators of the Hecke algebra. The resulting formulas involve q,t-hook products. Evaluations are also found for Macdonald superpolynomials having restricted symmetry and antisymmetry properties.
Analysis of Synchronous and Asynchronous In Vitro Infections with Homologous Murine Norovirus Strains Reveals Time-Dependent Viral Interference Effects
Authors: Ludwig-Begall Louisa F. , Di Felice Elisabetta , Toffoli Barbara , Ceci Chiara , Di Martino Barbara , Marsilio Fulvio , Mauroy Axel , Thiry Etienne
Published: May 2021

Viral recombination is a key mechanism in the evolution and diversity of noroviruses. In vivo, synchronous single-cell coinfection by multiple viruses, the ultimate prerequisite to viral recombination, is likely to be a rare event and delayed secondary infections are a more probable occurrence. Here, we determine the effect of a temporal separation of in vitro infections with the two homologous murine norovirus strains MNV-1 WU20 and CW1 on the composition of nascent viral populations. WU20 and CW1 were either synchronously inoculated onto murine macrophage cell monolayers (coinfection) or asynchronously applied (superinfection with varying titres of CW1 at half-hour to 24-h delays). Then, 24 h after initial co-or superinfection, quantification of genomic copy numbers and discriminative screening of plaque picked infectious progeny viruses demonstrated a time-dependent predominance of primary infecting WU20 in the majority of viral progenies. Our results indicate that a time interval from one to two hours onwards between two consecutive norovirus infections allows for the establishment of a barrier that reduces or prevents superinfection.
The Safe Baculovirus-Based PrM/E DNA Vaccine Protected Fetuses against Zika Virus in A129 Mice
Authors: Choi Hanul , Chun Jungmin , Park Mina , Kim Suyeon , Kim Nahyun , Lee Hee-Jung , Kim Minjee , Shin Ha Youn , Oh Yu-Kyoung , Kim Young Bong
Published: May 2021

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne member of the Flaviviridae family of enveloped RNA viruses. The correlation between viral infection and fetal microcephaly was revealed in 2015, yet we still lack a vaccine against ZIKV. Here, we present a genetic vaccine that delivers the premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes of ZIKV using a recombinant baculovirus vector that expresses a human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) envelope on its surface to enhance gene delivery. We observed that baculoviruses with HERV envelopes (AcHERV) exhibited specifically higher gene transfer efficiency in human cells compared to the wild-type baculovirus vector. Using the AcHERV baculovirus vector, we constructed a recombinant baculovirus vaccine encoding ZIKV prM/E genes (AcHERV-ZIKV), which are major targets of neutralizing antibodies. Mice immunized twice with AcHERV-ZIKV exhibited high levels of IgG, neutralizing antibodies, and IFN-γ. In challenge tests in IFN knock-out mice (A129), AcHERV-ZIKV showed complete protection in both challenge and pregnancy tests. These results suggest that AcHERV-ZIKV could be a potential vaccine candidate for human application.
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Immunotherapy for Cancer
Authors: Cardillo Fabíola , Bonfim Maiara , da Silva Vasconcelos Sousa Periela , Mengel José , Ribeiro Castello-Branco Luiz Roberto , Pinho Rosa Teixeira
Published: May 2021

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), an attenuated vaccine from Mycobacterium bovis, was initially developed as an agent for vaccination against tuberculosis. BCG proved to be the first successful immunotherapy against established human bladder cancer and other neoplasms. The use of BCG has been shown to induce a long-lasting antitumor response over all other forms of treatment against intermediate, non-invasive muscle bladder cancer Several types of tumors may now be treated by releasing the immune response through the blockade of checkpoint inhibitory molecules, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1. In addition, Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) agonists and BCG are used to potentiate the immune response against tumors. Studies concerning TLR-ligands combined with BCG to treat melanoma have demonstrated efficacy in treating mice and patients This review addresses several interventions using BCG on neoplasms, such as Leukemia, Bladder Cancer, Lung Cancer, and Melanoma, describing treatments and antitumor responses promoted by this attenuated bacillus. Of essential importance, BCG is described recently to participate in an adequate microbiome, establishing an effective response during cell-target therapy when combined with anti-PD-1 antibody, which stimulates T cell responses against the melanoma. Finally, trained immunity is discussed, and reprogramming events to shape innate immune responses are addressed.
Exosomes and Cancer Stem Cells in Cancer Immunity: Current Reports and Future Directions
Authors: Lee Na-Kyeong , Kothandan Vinoth Kumar , Kothandan Sangeetha , Byun Youngro , Hwang Seung-Rim
Published: May 2021

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into various types of cells, are notorious for their roles in tumor initiation, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Thus, underlying mechanisms for their survival provide key insights into developing effective therapeutic strategies. A more recent focus has been on exosomes that play a role in transmitting information between CSCs and non-CSCs, resulting in activating CSCs for cancer progression and modulating their surrounding microenvironment. The field of CSC-derived exosomes (CSCEXs) for different types of cancer is still under exploration. A deeper understanding and further investigation into CSCEXs’ roles in tumorigenicity and the identification of novel exosomal components are necessary for engineering exosomes for the treatment of cancer. Here, we review the features of CSCEXs, including surface markers, cargo, and biological or physiological functions. Further, reports on the immunomodulatory effects of CSCEXs are summarized, and exosome engineering for CSC-targeting is also discussed.
Confidence, Acceptance and Willingness to Pay for the COVID-19 Vaccine among Migrants in Shanghai, China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Han Kaiyi , Francis Mark R. , Zhang Ruiyun , Wang Qian , Xia Aichen , Lu Linyao , Yang Bingyi , Hou Zhiyuan
Published: May 2021

Understanding the public’s attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination and their acceptance could help facilitate the COVID-19 rollout. This study aimed to assess the acceptance and willingness to pay (WTP) for the COVID-19 vaccine among migrants in Shanghai, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2126 migrants in Shanghai for the period 1–20 November 2020. Convenience sampling was used to recruit respondents in workplaces with large numbers of migrant workers. Multivariable (ordered) logistic regressions were used to examine factors associated with acceptance and WTP of the COVID-19 vaccine. Most (89.1%) migrants would accept COVID-19 vaccination. Over 90.0% perceived the COVID-19 vaccine as important, while only 75.0% and 77.7% perceived vaccines safe and effective. Socio-demographic factors were not significantly associated with vaccine acceptance, but confidence in the importance (OR 8.71, 95% CI 5.89–12.89), safety (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.24–2.61) and effectiveness (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.83–3.87) of COVID-19 vaccine was significantly positively associated with vaccine acceptance. The top reasons for vaccine hesitancy were lack of vaccine information and confidence. The proportion of those definitely willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine was 20% lower if paid by themselves than free vaccination. Migrants were willing to pay a median amount of USD 46 for the COVID-19 vaccine. Results show that a high acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine was universal among migrants in Shanghai. Concerns about vaccine safety, effectiveness and high costs of the COVID-19 vaccine may hinder their uptake. Effective health communication to build confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine and subsidies toward the costs of these vaccines are needed to improve uptake.
The Intention to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine in China: Insights from Protection Motivation Theory
Authors: Li Lu , Wang Jian , Nicholas Stephen , Maitland Elizabeth , Leng Anli , Liu Rugang
Published: May 2021

(1) Background: More coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are gradually being developed and marketed. Improving the vaccination intention will be the key to increasing the vaccination rate in the future; (2) Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data on COVID-19 vaccination intentions, protection motivation and control variables. Pearson Chi-square test and multivariate ordered logistic regression models were specified to analyze the determinants of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine; (3) Results: Although the vaccine was free, 17.75% of the 2377 respondents did not want, or were hesitant, to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Respondents’ cognition of vaccine safety, external reward and response efficacy were positively related to COVID-19 vaccination intention, while age, income and response cost were negatively related to the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Professionals and people without medical insurance had the lowest intention to vaccinate; (4) Conclusions: The older aged, people without health insurance, those with higher incomes and professionals should be treated as the key intervention targets. Strengthening publicity and education about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, training vaccinated people and community leaders as propagandists for the vaccine, and improving the accessibility to the COVID-19 vaccine are recommended to improve COVID-19 vaccination intention.
Long-Term Protection and Serologic Response of European Sea Bass Vaccinated with a Betanodavirus Virus-Like Particle Produced in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Barsøe Sofie , Toffan Anna , Pascoli Francesco , Stratmann Ansgar , Pretto Tobia , Marsella Andrea , Er-Rafik Mériem , Vendramin Niccolò , Olesen Niels J. , Sepúlveda Dagoberto , Lorenzen Niels
Published: May 2021

Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) causes high mortality and reduced growth in farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in the Mediterranean. In the current studies, we tested a novel Pichia-produced virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine against VNN in European sea bass, caused by the betanodavirus “Red-Spotted Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus” (RGNNV). European sea bass were immunized with a VLP-based vaccine formulated with different concentrations of antigen and with or without adjuvant. Antibody response was evaluated by ELISA and serum neutralization. The efficacy of these VLP-vaccine formulations was evaluated by an intramuscular challenge with RGNNV at different time points (1, 2 and 10 months post-vaccination) and both dead and surviving fish were sampled to evaluate the level of viable virus in the brain. The VLP-based vaccines induced an effective protective immunity against experimental infection at 2 months post-vaccination, and even to some degree at 10 months post-vaccination. Furthermore, the vaccine formulations triggered a dose-dependent response in neutralizing antibodies. Serologic response and clinical efficacy, measured as relative percent survival (RPS), seem to be correlated with the administered dose, although for the individual fish, a high titer of neutralizing antibodies prior to challenge was not always enough to protect against disease. The efficacy of the VLP vaccine could not be improved by formulation with a water-in-oil (W/O) adjuvant. The developed RGNNV-VLPs show a promising effect as a vaccine candidate, even without adjuvant, to protect sea bass against disease caused by RGNNV. However, detection of virus in vaccinated survivors means that it cannot be ruled out that survivors can transmit the virus.
Fuzzy or Non-Fuzzy? A Comparison between Fuzzy Logic-Based Vulnerability Mapping and DRASTIC Approach Using a Numerical Model. A Case Study from Qatar
Authors: Baalousha Husam Musa , Tawabini Bassam , Seers Thomas D.
Published: May 2021

Vulnerability maps are useful for groundwater protection, water resources development, and land use management. The literature contains various approaches for intrinsic vulnerability assessment, and they mainly depend on hydrogeological settings and anthropogenic impacts. Most methods assign certain ratings and weights to each contributing factor to groundwater vulnerability. Fuzzy logic (FL) is an alternative artificial intelligence tool for overlay analysis, where spatial properties are fuzzified. Unlike the specific rating used in the weighted overlay-based vulnerability mapping methods, FL allows more flexibility through assigning a degree of contribution without specific boundaries for various classes. This study compares the results of DRASTIC vulnerability approach with the FL approach, applying both on Qatar aquifers. The comparison was checked and validated against a numerical model developed for the same study area, and the actual anthropogenic contamination load. Results show some similarities and differences between both approaches. While the coastal areas fall in the same category of high vulnerability in both cases, the FL approach shows greater variability than the DRASTIC approach and better matches with model results and contamination load. FL is probably better suited for vulnerability assessment than the weighted overlay methods.
PROSPEK KEADILAN RESTORATIF DALAM PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hanum Cholida
Published: May 2021

This study aims to examine the concept of restorative justice from the point of view of Indonesian legislation. So far, studies on restorative justice have been limited to criminal law studies alone, so it is interesting to later portray restorative justice from a statutory perspective which is part of the study of constitutional law. Based on the author's investigation, the adoption of the concept of restorative justice in Indonesia is relatively new, which began after the DPR passed Law No. 11 of 2012 on an integrated criminal justice system. This law, although it was formed in 2012, came into effect two years later, namely in 2014. Restorative justice in the SPPA Law is enforced by a diversion method, namely the process of transferring children's cases from the judicial process to outside the court. There are at least two derivative regulations to carry out the mandate of the SPPA Law, first, the Supreme Court Regulation Number 4 of 2014 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Diversion in the Juvenile Justice System and second, the Republic of Indonesia Attorney's Regulation Number 15 of 2020 concerning Cessation of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini berusaha mengkaji konsepsi keadilan restoratif dalam sudut pandang peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Selama ini kajian mengenai keadilan restoratif terbatas pada kajian hukum pidana semata sehingga menarik untuk kemudian memotret keadilan restoratif dari perspektif perundang-undangan yang mana menjadi bagian dari kajian hukum tata negara. Berdasarkan penelusuran penulis, pengadopsian konsep keadilan restoratif di Indonesia terbilang baru yakni dimulai pasca DPR mensahkan Undang-undang Nomor 11 tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan pidana terpadu. Yang mana undang-undang ini meskipun dibentuk pada tahun 2012 namun mulai berlaku dua tahun kemudian yaitu pada tahun 2014. Keadilan restoratif dalam UU SPPA diberlakukan dengan metode diversi yaitu proses pengalihan perkara anak dari proses peradilan menjadi di luar peradilan. Setidaknya terdapat dua peraturan turunan guna melaksanakan amanah UU SPPA ini pertama, Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan Diversi dalam Sistem Peradilan Anak dan kedua, Peraturan Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 tahun 2020 tentang Penghentian Penuntutan Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif.
KEDUDUKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DJOKO CHANDRA DALAM ADMINISTRASI KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PEMBUATAN PASPOR REPUBLIK
Authors: Alamsyah Afif , Makarao Mohammad Taufik
Published: May 2021

Djoko Tjandra involvement in corruption led him took an escape to Papuan New Guinea. During the search of Djoko Tjandra, police found new fact about Djoko Tjandra which said he gain new citizenship status from Papua New Guinea. According to Law No. 12/2006 about Indonesia Citizenship, Indonesia citizen will lose their citizenship status from Indonesia if they willing to accept another citizenship status from another country. Due to the loss of Djoko Citizenship status, government should act on this case. Government have the obligation to make sure that Djhoko does not receive any rights that belongs to Indonesia Citizen only, some of these rights are right to gain citizenship card and Indonesian passport.

Abstrak

Terjeratnya Djoko Tjandra dalam kasus tinda pidana korupsi membuatnya kabur dari Indonesia. Pada proses pencarian Djoko Tjandra, didapati bahwa ia mendapat status kewarganegaraan dari Papua Nugini. Berdasarkan UU No. 12 Tahun 2006 Tentang Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia dijelaskan bahwa seseorang akan kehilangan status kewarganegaraan Indonesia sesaat ia secara sukarela menerima status kewarganegaraan dari negara lain. Hilangnya status kewarganegaraan Djoko Tjandra harus ditindak tegas oleh negara. Negara harus memastikan bahwa Djoko Tjandra tidak mendapat hak yang hanya dimiliki oleh Warga Negara Indonesia, beberapa diantaranya adalah hak untuk mendapat KTP dan Paspor Indonesia.
Inter-Industry and Factor Models in Macroeconomic Analysis and Inter-Industry Research
Authors: Kuranov G. O. , Strizhkova L. A. , Tishina L. I.
Published: May 2021

The return of the economy to normal development conditions in the post-coronavirus period implies not only the understanding of the new content and the relationship between quality and growth dynamics but also the advancement of methods for analyzing and forecasting economic dynamics and growth factors at macroeconomic, inter-sectoral and sectoral levels. The article examines the possibilities of using two main research tools for these purposes: inter-industry models based on the Input-Output tables, and macroeconomic and industry factor models.The authors not only cover a long history of the application of classical models of this type but also demonstrate new directions of their use in solving specific tasks of analysis and forecasting in a market economy based on the analysis of a modern system of «Input-Output» tables and development of the investment and fixed assets block model. In addition, the development of macroeconomic analysis methods that can be implemented through the sharing of inter-industry and factor models is highlighted. Based on factor models evaluation, the authors identify unique characteristics of individual periods of development of the Russian economy in the first 20 years of this century, the evolution of dynamic trends and reveal the role of main economic growth factors, as well as anticipated limitations of these factors in the long-term period. Using the research findings and taking into account requirements of the new wave of technology, the conclusion is made about the crucial role of the growing investments in innovation and infrastructural sectors of the economy and enhancing the efficiency of investment activities, but this applies even more to improving the quality of human capital. Formalized and non-formalized aspects of its assessment are noted. The latter address the problems of training and nurturing highly-skilled specialists (doers), but above all of unlocking the creative potential of the young generation, which have yet to create a new technological and social structure. The article also proposes the solution for several instrumental and methodological issues related to the development and use of models of this type. It is shown that sharing of cross-sectoral models, macroeconomic and sectoral factor functions allow for a more comprehensive approach to the analysis and forecasting of the economy, it links growth factors to production, and reflects the direct and inverse relationship between demand and supply. Directions for modeling of the necessary fixed capital investments coupled with production dynamics, support of the production facilities and carry-over (incomplete) construction, which, are according to the authors, an important step towards building a dynamic cross-industry balance.
Econometric Analysis of Factors of Labor Productivity Growth in Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation
Authors: Gafarova E. A.
Published: May 2021

In the current context of recovery growth in Russia, the urgent task of identifying factors of growth of labor productivity can be solved using econometric methods. Preliminary examination of interregional comparative analysis of dynamics of this crucial economic efficiency index, in the author’s opinion, showed low information content of this approach due to the presence of a low base effect. The author recommends a more realistic approach to the interregional comparative analysis of the labor productivity dynamics and its growth factors on the basisof econometric panel data models.It was revealed that for the period 2010–2018, the growth of labor productivity in the regions of the Russian Federation strongly correlated with dynamic characteristics of industrial production, real wages and physical volume of investments in fixed assets, growth intensity in the share of added value of high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries in GRP. It has been empirically proven that the growth of labor productivity in the regions in the considered interval correlates with a decrease in the number of employees. In addition, an increase in labor productivity is typical for constituent entities of the Russian Federation with high rates of industrial production.The influence of the structure of employed in the economy on the level of education on the growth of labor productivity has not been established, which may indicate the presence of inefficient jobs. Also, the hypothesis that the export-oriented regions of the Russian Federation are highly productive has not been confirmed.In conclusion, taking into account the results of modeling, the author formulated recommendations adjusting focal points of structural changes in the economy, which could boost labor productivity growth.
Socio-Economic Development of Russia: Through the Waves of a Pandemic and a Systemic Crisis
Authors: Frenkel A. A. , Tikhomirov B. I. , Sergienko Ya. V. , Surkov A. A.
Published: May 2021

In the article, the authors express their opinion on the outcomes of social and economic development of Russia in 2020 and give a forecast of expected results for 2021 and 2022. The state and possible directions for overcoming stagnation are considered, primarily by closing the technology gap in production and ensuring the growth of labor productivity, business, investment and consumer activity, increasing the efficiency of capital investments as key factors in the recovery of the real sector and the knowledge economy, including industrial production, agriculture, capital construction.The drawbacks of the current management system are noted, and measures to overcome the structural crisis are proposed. The need for changing the state socio-economic policy is substantiated. Its main goal should be to ensure the health of the nation.The authors compare trends in the Russian and world economies by main development indicators, such as gross domestic product, industrial production, investments, foreign trade.The article examines the shortcomings of the current state financial policy, which should become an instrument of financial support for sustainable socio-economic development and countering external and internal risks and threats. The problems of execution of the federal budget for 2020 are analyzed. Using case examples, the authors prove the necessity for priority use of financial resources of the «rainy-day fund» to accelerate the development of sectors of the national economy.Given the slowdown in global economic growth in 2020 and problems associated with its full recovery in 2021, the expected expansion of trade wars and sanctions lead to a conclusion that there is a growing negative trend in the Russian economy as well with the potential of stagnation escalating into recession.
EVALUATING THE EﬀECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION ON NURSES' KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES REGARDING ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE SUCTIONING OF HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL, VIET NAM
Authors: Vo Viet Ha , Nguyen Thi Duc
Published: May 2021

Background: Endotracheal suctioning (ETS) is a common procedure performed by nurses in the intensive care unit (ICU) to remove accumulated secretion from the endotracheal tube, upper airways, and lower airways in patients for the purpose of establishing in critically ill mechanical ventilated patients”. Many Studies in the world recording that the staff nurses to improve their knowledge and skill and also practice on endotracheal suctioning after receive the education program as suction protocol. In Viet Nam, there have not yet been published comprehensive and scientific assessments of knowledge and skills of Nurse as critically ill mechanical ventilated patients. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Educational Intervention to improve the knowledge and practice of endotracheal suctioning among ICU nurses in Hue Central Hospital, Viet Nam.

Method and subject: This study was quasi-experimental research, two groups, the pre-test and post-test design to an evaluation of 126 nurses who were work at three departments where are Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Stroke Center at Hue Central Hospital.

Results: The participants in the intervention group who received the education program had statistically significant higher mean scores of knowledge and practice than before and those in the control group who did not receive the education program (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The Educational Intervention on knowledge and practice of endotracheal suctioning improve the knowledge and practice of ICU Nurses. This education program should be approached to provide all ICU Nurse to take care of the endotracheal patient better.

Key words: ETS, Educational Intervention, Knowledge, Practice