bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Where Different Waters Met: Aspects on the Apollo Grannus vase and its position near Sagån in the province of Västmanland
Authors: Fernstål Lotta
Published: June 2021

At some time during the Late Roman Iron Age, an originally provincial-Roman vessel called the Apollo Grannus vase was used as a burial urn in a stone-setting at Fycklinge in the province ofVästmanland, on the bank of Sagån by the small rapids where this stream met the sea. In an attempt to understand why this particular vessel was used in this way at this particular place, the author discusses the characteristics ofthe area, of certain vessels and their associations with rebirth/regeneration, the provincial-Roman god Apollo Grannus (associated with fertility and water), the process of creolization, and cremation as part of a process of transformation.
The Queen of the Mist and the Lord of the Mountain: Oral Traditions of the Landscape and Monuments in the Omberg area of western Östergötland
Authors: Zachrisson Torun
Published: June 2021

The mountain of Omberg rises high above the plain. It has functioned as a hub in the landscape, and many oral traditions have been woven around it. The mountain was not inhabited by man, but by supernatural creatures. In its interior, Rödgavel, the lord of the mountain, lived together with his people. H is female counterpart, Omma, who was the mist personified, was associated with the remains on top of the mountain. That a mountain has a female/male dimension is very unusual. Omberg can be interpreted as a gateway into the landscape where the supernatural and human worlds met.The article aims to make landscape visual by means of folklore traditions.
Secondary Burial Practices in the Middle Neolithic: Causes and Consequences
Authors: Larsson Åsa M.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the increasing evidence that burial traditions in the Neol ithic are more varied than is otten acknowledged, and focuses especially on the evidence of cremations as a continuous practice throughout the period. This variation should not be seen primarily as a result of competing cosmologies, but rather as different ways of expressing a main body of thought, depending on the cultural context and the need of the community members. Rituals are seen as events where structure is not only displayed, but also created and negotiated in a dialogue with the participants. Rituals therefore have the potential to both hinder and facil itate the changes that take place internally or externally. Evidence of secondary burial practices is given special attention, in particular regarding the mortuary houses of eastern middle Sweden in the late Middle Neolithic, since rituals linked to this tradition have been shown to involve a wider community and to emphasize on group unity over individualism. They also grant the participants a feeling ofcontrol over death, and through this the structuration of society. By acknowledging mortuary variation, which has often been overlooked as exceptions and curiosities, we are given additional insights into prehistoric strategies and mentaliities.
The Dating and Interpretation of a Field Wall in Öggestorp
Authors: Häggström Leif , Baran Joanna , Eriksson Alf , Murray Andrew
Published: June 2021

The interpretation of the use and contextual meaning of fossil agrarian forms is connected with their age. In this article we discuss the dating and interpretation of a field wall in Öggestorp, situated on the northern rim of the southern Swedish uplands in the province of Småland. Öggestorp is a complex archaeological site dating from the early Iron Age (500 BC to AD 550). The site was also used for various forms of agriculture during the Middle Ages and in early modern times, a fact which complicates the dating and the interpretation of the agrarian features. We discuss the possibility and practical issue of dating agrarian sediments by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). By combining OSL and other methods, a reliable estimation of age can be established. The paper also deals with the possible implications of the OSL-method in relation to the current state of knowledge of agrarian structures. We show that a serious dating of agricultural remains must be based upon a critically used combination ofmethods. Without a well-argued date, it is difficult to relate any agrarian form chronologically to other remains in a fossil landscape of multilayered complexity.
The Tyranny of the Gingerbread House: Contextualising the Fear of Wolves in Medieval Northern Europe through Material Culture, Ecology and Folklore
Authors: Pluskowski Aleks
Published: June 2021

In this paper, I propose to contextualise the popular perception ofthe "fairy tale wolf" as a window into a normative past, by focusing on responses to this animal in Britain and southern Scandinavia from the 8th to the 14th centuries, drawing on archaeological, artistic and written sources. These responses are subsequently juxtaposed with the socio-ecological context of the concept of the "fairy tale wolf" in early modern France. At a time when folklore is being increasingly incorporated into archaeological interpretation, I suggest that alternative understandings ofhuman relations with animals must be rooted in specific ecological and social contexts.
The Dating of Västerhus Cemetery A Contribution to the Study of Christianization in Jämtland
Authors: Holm Olof
Published: June 2021

In this article, the author uses different dating methods to try to show that the Västerhus cemetery was established between c. 1125 and 1250 and that it ceased to be used between c. 1375 and 1500.This time period is later than the dates proposed previously on the basis of 14C analyses of skeletons from the cemetery. In the author's opinion, the 14C dates are probably misleading on account of reservoir effects. The Västerhus church and cemetery —which yielded one of the best preserved and rnost well-studied medieval skeletal materials in northern Europe —were thus not established at the time of Jämtland's official Christianization, as earlier claimed, but instead one or a few generations later. The author points out that several other early churches and cemeteries in Jämtland are just as late. Similar gaps in time between the official Christianization and the widespread building of churches are also known from other parts of Scandinavia.
Out in the Air: The Cultural Heritage Site as an Arena for Archaeology, Health, Pedagogy and Fun
Authors: Synnestvedt Anita
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses cultural heritage sites and the opportunities these sites may offer when it comes to people's health and well-being. The questions of who visits cultural heritage sites and why are also raised. Some case studies in these matters are presented. Another subject of the paper is the issue of outdoor education and by what means ancient sites can provide an arena for this pedagogical method. In the final part of the paper the author speaks for a type of interpretation that benefits provocation instead of information, with the aim of giving cultural heritage sites a renewed life
Flying Daggers, Horse Whisperers and a Midwinter Sacrifice: Creating the Past during the Viking Age and Early Middle Ages
Authors: Stensköld Eva
Published: June 2021

This paper sets out to trace the life history of a horse skull found in a bog in Scania in the year 1900. A parallel is drawn between the find of the horse and the famous painting, "Midwinter Sacrifice" by Carl Larsson. The story of the horse has opened up a discussion on how material culture is created and recreated in time and space, resulting in completely new communicative fields. The manifestation of the past and the reuse of Stone Age places and artefacts are brought into focus when the author discusses the location where the horse skull was originally found.
On Giants in Swedish Archaeology
Authors: Nicklasson Påvel
Published: June 2021

Before the development of archaeology there were speculations that prehistory had been populated by giants. Giants are often seen in opposition to a scientific worldview and basic archaeological concepts. It has been emphasised that during the early 19th century there was a break between old beliefs and scientific archaeology. The author wants to show that the belief in giants in prehistory was essentially already gone. It was revived around rgoo by an intensified interest in prehistory. It was central in formulating basic archaeological notions, such as the existence of a Stone Age. The belief in giants and the historicity of folk tales were part of romantic philosophy. The romantic roots of archaeology have been denied but are central for archaeological thinking.
The Mythical Forge and the Holy Chapel: From Paganism to Christianity at the Manorial Farm in Lockarp, Scania
Authors: Heimer Olle
Published: June 2021

Several archaeological investigations have taken place in the village of Lockarp, just south of Malmö, Scania. These investigations have revealed the remains of a large Viking Age and early medieval farm, or manor. The aim of this article is to discuss the transition from pagan- ism to Christianity on the basis of two buildings in the Lockarp manor that are interpreted as a forge and a chapel. The buildings were situated inside a courtyard, in what was interpreted as the private, innermost area of the manor. The author describes the manor’s social status and the location of these two buildings, and dis- cusses whether the buildings are visible signs of the re- ligious transition.
The Great Masterpiece: The Rök Stone and its Maker
Authors: Kyhlberg Ola
Published: June 2021

The author attempts a source critical and semantic re- vision of the traditional reading of the concluding lines 25 to 28 on the Rök stone in the province of Östergöt- land (Ög 136). Guided by the placement of these lines in the text’s narrative, the author tests the hypothesis that the writer’s signature may be included in this se- quence. Indeed, if this is the case, Sibbe is the master of the Rök stone, not Varin, and the giant mentioned in the text presumably alludes to the rune stone itself. The original place of the monument is also discussed in con- nection with the place-name Jättingstad.
Crosses on Rune-Stones: Functions and Interpretations
Authors: Zilmer Kristel
Published: June 2021

Crosses on Swedish rune-stones have been studied on numerous occasions, mostly in isolation from other features of the monument. This article exam- ines the use of rune-stone crosses with an emphasis upon their varying functions in the total composition of runic monuments. The analysis that combines the level of visual composition with textual elements re- veals different strategies in the display of crosses. Be- sides functioning as externalized Christian markers, crosses could be made to serve various internal (i.e. inscription-based) stylistic, decorative and practical purposes. The role of the cross could be modified ac- cording to particular contexts of usage.
Being on the Inside, Forgetting to Look Out: The Need for a Historical Archaeology of Global Relevance
Authors: Eriksdotter Gunhild , Nordin Jonas M.
Published: June 2021

Historical archaeology in Scandinavia is an expand- ing field, but despite its global nature, the discipline is trapped in methodological nationalism. The early modern and modern societies are generally studied us- ing the current national borders even though the ma- terial culture should not be constrained in this way. By illustrating with both theoretical and empirical ex- amples, the objective of this paper is to bring about a greater awareness of the global nature of the material culture and the interactions that took place between peoples in Europe and beyond.
In Things we Trust: Hybridity and the Borders of Categorization in Archaeology
Authors: Petersson Caroline
Published: June 2021

The aim of the article is to question essentialist con- structions of archaeological cultures with the help of Homi K. Bhabha’s concept of hybridity. Using house urns found in central and northern Europe as a case study, Bhabha’s hybridity concept is presented and discussed as an alternative to traditional archaeolog- ical concepts of cultural interpretation. Hybridity, which is also a key concept in postcolonial theory, offers an alternative key to the interpretation of cul- ture and suggests that no culture should be seen as static and homogeneous. The common understanding of house urns is therefore informed and challenged by the concept of hybridity, its alternative construction of culture and alternative ways to understand arte- facts. Inspired by the concept of hybridity, I argue that house urns deserve much broader interpretations than as mere manifestations of cultural difference or cultural belonging.
Picturing the Meaning of Scandinavian Rock Art – Graphic Representations, Archaeological Interpretations and Material Alterations
Authors: Ljunge Magnus
Published: June 2021

The paper presents a reflective overview of the recursive relation between the archaeological practice of picturing Scandinavian rock art in printed works since the mid-19th century, and how archaeologists have constructed its meaning. There seem to be an intimate connection between graphic representations of rock art and an interpretative bias towards the mimetic qualities of images. When picturing rock art, the identification of motifs is prioritized at the expense of the materiality of rock art. Ultimately, the production of graphic representations has influenced the antiquarian alteration of the archaeological remains. Today, major Scandinavian rock art sites are frequently painted red, with the purpose of highlighting the engraved imagery for visitor legibility. This practice transforms the materiality of stone into a visual language of graphic representations.
Bacteriological studies of pathogenic microflora in respiratory diseases
Authors:   RSE on the REM «National Center of Expertise» of the Committee for Quality Control and Safety of Goods  and Services, Kazakhstan, Ospanova T. , Komardina L. ,   Innovative University of Eurasia
Published: June 2021

The main task of microbiological study of pulmonary patients is to identify the etiology of acute and exacerbation of chronic disease in order to determine therapy and control its effectiveness. Classical methods of microbiological research consist in isolating a pure culture of the causative agent of the disease with its identification by biochemical, antigenic and other characteristics. Such studies are multistage; they impose rather strict requirements on the quality of the source material, the timing and conditions of its transportation, laboratory equipment and the precise execution of the research methodology for at least 3-5 days. Isolation of the culture of a number of pathogens (atypical intracellular microflora, anaerobic bacteria, mycobacterium tuberculosis) requires even more lengthy studies using special media and equipment. This article presents the results of a bacteriological study of pathogenic microflora in diseases of the respiratory system of the population of the Shcherbakty district of Pavlodar region for 2017-2019, including the following sequence: microscopy of native and Gram stained smears; inoculation of biological material on nutrient media for isolation and identification of the pathogen; determination of the sensitivity of the isolated microorganism to antibiotics; immunological (serological) research methods aimed at determining antigens of microbiological origin, as well as antibodies to them in the patient's body. It has been shown that conducting bacteriological studies in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents allows obtaining reliable and comparable results necessary both for the optimal treatment of patients and for collecting and analyzing data on monitoring the emergence and spread of diseases of the respiratory system caused by pathogenic microflora.
Philosophical and ideological views of Abai: historical and philosophical aspect
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Syzdykovа D.
Published: June 2021

The authors attempt to consider the philosophical and ideological ideas of the great thinker and humanist Abay Kunanbayev. The analysis of Abay Kunanbayev's work has shown that there are poorly developed aspects, however, without claiming to cover all aspects of the problem comprehensively, the authors made an attempt to study the nature and essence of Abay's philosophical and ideological views in the work "Words of Edification" based on the material of Abay Kunanbayev's work "Words of Edification". The authors focused on the analysis of the philosophical content of the work "Words of Edification". The article uses a philosophical methodology that corresponds to the current level of spiritual and scientific- theoretical culture. The authors implemented scientific methods such as the ascent from the abstract to the concrete, the principle of concrete historicism (the unity of historical and logical). Concrete historicism, exploring the history of the subject, considers the logic of the historically developing subject (process), this principle contributes to the active reflection of the historical process. Historicism traces and reproduces the essence of the historical process from the point of view of its formation and development in the system of concepts. Abay's creativity occupies a special place in the world culture, he raised spiritual culture to a new level, gave new examples of reflection of the Kazakh reality. Abai justified a new worldview, new thinking, new values, which are fundamentally different from everything that was in the traditional culture of the Kazakhs. In the work "Words of Edification", the object of criticism is the traditional Kazakh society. Criticism has a constructive character, as a result of which universal problems, ideas of kindness, humanity, compassion, mercy, freedom and responsibility are raised. Abai forms a new approach to the concept of labor. The great thinker showed the role of work in the formation and development of a person, personality, that through work and activity it is possible to comprehend knowledge, science. Abay expressed a new approach to religion, he contrasted blind faith with a reasonable study of Islam, when they accept Iman not only as something sacred, but also know how to protect and strengthen it with reasonable arguments. Abay developed a new ideal of a perfect, true person, "tolyk adam", who strives for knowledge, is a moral person, recognizes freedom of choice and responsibility. The moral code of the great humanist is "Adam Bol". Abay, determining the status of a person in the world, notes that a person's mind, erudition, honor and charm make him beautiful and strong, he focuses on spirituality, knowledge, education and culture.
Economic interests of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a state-legal institution: the concept and problems of implementation
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Amanbai Zh.
Published: June 2021

Main problem: in the history of mankind there are many examples when the question of national interests remains unresolved. The category of "national interest" has firmly entered the modern political and scientific spheres of all countries of the world. Regardless of the level and nature of development, any country has certain national interests on which it should focus. Undoubtedly, these are economic interests. Future populations, whose state and national goals are not clearly defined, may be unplanned and fragmented. Consequently, it may be violently imposed on a foreign socio-political structure. Historical experience shows that the staging of specific problems can have a negative impact on the application and implementation of the necessary measures to prevent possible mistakes, to strengthen the security of the country. In order to make this article complete and exhaustive, it is necessary to pay attention to the concept of "concept", which reflects the active attitude of people to the surrounding world as the most important category. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze the concept of economic security as a state-legal institution in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methods: The following methods are used in the article: comparative-legal, system-structural, as well as the method of systematic analysis of needs. Results and their significance: Necessity, personal interests are one of the key links in the study of the essence of the social state. After all, the rule of law in its norms must express the social interests of man in life. These categories are intended to identify the indirect causes of social actions that lead to changes and additions in various spheres of public life. Every country has its own attractions. Interests are different. And the social group, and the team, and the individual combine their actions with their interests. Man interacts with it through its goal, which determines the interests of the environment. Therefore, at the level of common consciousness, a great value of interest is determined by individual actions and actions of people, as well as by mass historical events and phenomena. By looking at this issue in detail and analyzing its basic principles, we define the concept of economic interest. In order to ensure the economic security of Kazakhstan, it is necessary to rely on its own scientific and technological development, human and natural resources, that is, to decide on management in favor of domestic producers and ensure capital investment in priority sectors of the economy.
Black Hole Leftovers: The Remnant Population from Binary Black Hole Mergers
Authors: Doctor Zoheyr , Farr Ben , Holz Daniel E.
Published: June 2021

The inspiral and merger of two black holes produces a remnant black hole with mass and spin determined by the properties of its parent black holes. Using the inferred population properties of component black holes from the first two and a half observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Virgo, we calculate the population properties of the leftover remnant black holes. By integrating their rate of formation over the age of the universe, we estimate the number density of remnant black holes today. Using simple prescriptions for the cosmic star formation rate and black hole inspiral delay times, we determine the number density of this leftover black hole population to be

, corresponding to ∼60,000 black hole remnants per Milky Way–equivalent galaxy. The mass spectrum of these remnants starts at ∼10 M
⊙ and can be approximated by a decreasing exponential with characteristic length ∼15 M
⊙, the final spin distribution is sharply peaked at χ

f
∼ 0.7, and the kick velocities range from tens to thousands of kilometers per second. These kick velocities suggest that globular clusters and nuclear star clusters may retain up to

and

of their remnant black holes, respectively, while young star clusters would only retain a few tenths of a percent. The estimates in this work assume that none of the remnants participate in subsequent hierarchical mergers. If hierarchical mergers occur, the overall number density would drop accordingly and the remnant mass distribution shape would evolve over time. This population of leftover black holes is an inescapable result from gravitational-wave observations of binary black hole mergers.
Titan in Transit: Ultraviolet Stellar Occultation Observations Reveal a Complex Atmospheric Structure
Authors: Tribbett Patrick D. , Robinson Tyler D. , Koskinen Tommi T.
Published: June 2021

Transit spectroscopy is a key tool for exoplanet atmospheric characterization. However, transit spectrum observations can be limited by aerosol extinction when gas opacities are weak. The ultraviolet wavelength range contains a variety of strong molecular and atomic features, potentially enabling gas species detection even when atmospheric hazes are present. To understand the interplay between aerosol extinction and ultraviolet molecular opacities, we investigate transmission through the atmosphere of Saturn’s moon Titan during an occultation observed with the Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (UVIS) on board NASA’s Cassini orbiter. We analyze the derived ultraviolet transit spectrum of Titan using exoplanet-relevant atmospheric retrieval models that both include and exclude treatments for hazes. Our retrieved gas column densities are consistent with previous studies analyzing UVIS occultation data. Despite the apparent haze impact on the underlying occultation data, our treatments fail to correctly characterize the haze in fits derived from simulated transit observations. This suggests that oversimplified haze parameterizations can hinder detection of atmospheric hazes in transit. Our work indicates that continued characterization of exoplanets in the ultraviolet wavelength regime can provide novel atmospheric constraints even if transit spectra are dominated by haze extinction at longer wavelengths.
On some rare Oplophoridae (Caridea, Decapoda) from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Cardoso Irene
Published: June 2021

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) divides the Atlantic Ocean longitudinally into two halves, each with a series of major basins delimited by secondary, more or less transverse ridges. Recent biological investigations in this area were carried out within the framework of the international project Mar-Eco (Patterns and Processes of the Ecosystems of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge). In 2009 (from October, 25 to November, 29) 12 benthic sampling events were conducted on the R/V Akademik Ioffe, during the first oceanographic cruise of South Atlantic Mar-Eco. As a result we report some rare Oplophoridae species collected during the cruise. This family includes 73 species occurring strictly on the meso- and bathypelagic zones of the oceans. Five Oplophoridae species were sampled: Acanthephyra acanthitelsonis Bate, 1888; A. quadrispinosa Kemp, 1939; Heterogenys monnioti Crosnier, 1987; Hymenodora glacialis (Buchholz, 1874) and Kemphyra corallina (A. Milne-Edwards, 1883). Among these, H. monnioti and K. corallina are considered extremely rare, both with very few records. Of the sampled species, only A. quadrispinosa and H. glacialis were previously recorded to southwestern Atlantic, so the Oplophoridae fauna of the South MAR seems more related with the fauna from the eastern Atlantic and Indian oceans.
Integrated analysis of two biomarkers in Sciades herzbergii (Ariidae, Siluriformes), to assess the environmental impact at São Marcos’ Bay, Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Pinheiro-Sousa Débora Batista , Da Silva de Almeida Zafira , Fortes Carvalho-Neta Raimunda Nonata
Published: June 2021

Guribu catfish (Sciades herzbergii) is a resident species in estuaries of Maranhão, Brazil. The aim of this work was to determine the feasibility of integrated analysis of the branchial lesions and gonadosomatic index of Sciades herzbergii in order to evaluate the effects of pollutants in São Marcos' Bay. The first site (S1) is located near the Ilha dos Caranguejos and was used as a reference area for being an environmental protection area. The second site (S2) is located near the ALUMAR/ALCOA port, and was used as a potentially polluted area. Fish were collected at each site, forty-eight in S1 and forty in S2. Gills were fixed in 10% formalin, and usual histological techniques were used in the first right gill arch, with inclusion in paraffin and sections of 5 µm thickness. There were no histopathological changes in animals captured at the reference site. However, in those catfish collected in the potentially contaminated area it was observed several branchial lesions, such as lifting of the lamellar epithelium, fusion of some secondary lamellae, hypertrophy of epithelial cells and lamellar aneurysm. The analysis using the gonadosomatic index (GSI) showed significant differences, being higher in fish analyzed from the reference area (P < 0.05). The branchial lesions and GSI were sensitive for monitoring environmental impacts of different locations at São Marcos’ Bay, Maranhão, Brazil.
Bioeroded boulders in Holocene marine deposits of the Bahía Blanca Estuary: palaeoenvironmental considerations and provenance
Authors: Spagnuolo Jorge O. , Farinati Ester A. , Aliotta Salvador
Published: June 2021

On the north shore of the Bahia Blanca estuary, Buenos Aires, Argentina, sand shell ridges composed by a high proportion of boulders of sedimentary origin are present. Many of these clasts show significant signals of bieorosion. The procedence of this material is linked to the extensive abrasion platforms present to the east of the estuary (coasts of Pehuén Co). Two ichnofacies were established: Trypanites ichnofacies comprising Gastrochaenolites, Maeandropolydora, Trypanites, Gnathichnus and Radulichnus, typical of hard substrates and Skolithos ichnofacies represented by Ophiomorpha galleries developed in soft substrates. Both characterize a shallow coastal environment. During the Holocene transgression, coastal substrates were affected by the advancing sea and eroded fragments were transported by littoral drift into the estuary. Finally, storm events deposited material with signs of bioerosion in the littoral ridges. Today, many of these boulders, which exhibit gradations in size into the estuary, are in transit across the beaches by east-west littoral drift.
State of art for larval rearing of spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus)
Authors: Abdo-de la Parra María Isabel , Rodríguez-Ibarra L. Estela , Rodríguez-Montes de Oca Gustavo , Velasco-Blanco Gabriela , Ibarra-Casto Leonardo
Published: June 2021

The spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) is a marine fish species highly appreciated in local markets of some countries of Latin America. For this reason at first wild juveniles were captured and stocked in floating cages for aquaculture. Since the last decade the first studies about reproduction in captivity and massive juvenile production were started in order to supply continue culture. The current study presents up to date results regarding spawning, egg management and incubation and larval rearing protocols for the spotted rose snapper in Latin America.
Upper lethal temperatures for the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819), in central coast of Chile
Authors: Mesas Andrés , Tarifeño Eduardo
Published: June 2021

The presence of Mytilus galloprovincialis, widely known as the Mediterranean mussel, have been genetically certified from Coliumo Bay to the Magellan Strait, in central and southern Chile, respectively. To correlate the geographic distribution of this species along the Chilean coast with its physiological tolerance to upper temperatures, experiments were carried out with adults and larval stages. Trochophore, umbonate veliger, and pre-metamorphic larvae were submitted to experimental temperatures from 17-33°C, during 24 h to determine the upper temperature limit. Meanwhile, adult experiments were carried with specimens having different previous physiological background: spring-summer acclimation (November-January), and fall-winter acclimation (August-October) and exposed to temperature range of 17-33°C for period of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, to verify mortality and byssus formation. Results showed that at larvae stages, the 50% of mortality occurred at 27°C, with 100% mortality at 30°C. Adult stages reached the 55% mortality exposed for 48 h at 30°C and 100% mortality in 72 h at the same temperature. The byssus secretion become failing at 27°C and ceased at 30°C.
Location decisions and regulatory changes: the case of the Chilean aquaculture
Authors: Estay Manuel , Chávez Carlos
Published: June 2021

We study the development of aquaculture activities in Chile and the impacts of regulatory changes on location decision for aquaculture production centers. Our study considers a descriptive analysis on the spatial and temporal development of aquaculture production centers. Next, using a panel data we estimate a site selection model to explore determinant factors of site choices for aquaculture production. Our results suggest a clear pattern for the spatial-temporal development of Chilean aquaculture. The pattern is characterized by a movement of the production centers towards the south of Chilean Patagonia, changing the concentration of the production activities from Puerto Montt to the southern region of Chiloé Island. The estimation of a model of site selection suggests that the distance between production centers and the presence of centers devoted to the production of the same species are relevant in explaining the movement of the production activities towards the southern region. The regulatory changes seem to be important determinant factors for the observed spatial and temporal pattern of development of the aquaculture industry in the country.
Effect of the addition of an aqueous extract of the San Pedro Daisy Lasianthaea podocephala, in the culture of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, under laboratory conditions
Authors: Villanueva-Gutiérrez Emmanuel , Martínez-Córdova Luis Rafael , Martínez-Porchas Marcel , Arvayo Miguel Antonio
Published: June 2021

The effect of two concentrations of an aqueous extract of the San Pedro Daisy, (Lasianthaea podocephala Gray) roots was evaluated on the water quality, physiological condition and production parameters of the white Pacific shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone), farmed under intensive laboratory conditions. Two treatments and a control were considered: T1 (1 mL of extract per aquarium), T2 (3 mL of the extract per aquarium) and C (control, 0 mL of the extract). No negative effects of the treatments on water quality parameters were observed, which ranged into acceptable limits and without significant differences (P < 0,05). Some of the production parameters such as final biomass and FCA were slightly better in the treatments using the extract. The concentration of haemolymph metabolites indicate that shrimp from treatments with the extract were under better conditions, suggested by the levels of protein and cholesterol in the muscle; moreover, the gene expression results suggest that the extract could have an immunostimulatory effect on shrimp. However, additional studies are required to evaluate the active ingredients of the root extract at the molecular level in order to have more information for the potential use of the plant.
Effect of inulin and fulvic acid on survival, growth, immune system, and WSSV prevalence in Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Gutiérrez-Dagnino Anayeli , Luna-González Antonio , Fierro-Coronado Jesús A. , Álvarez-Ruíz Píndaro , Flores-Miranda María del Carmen , Miranda-Saucedo Saraí , Medina-Beltrán Violeta , Escamilla-Montes Ruth
Published: June 2021

The effect of inulin and fulvic acid, added in the feed, on growth, survival, WSSV prevalence, and immune system was studied in Litopenaeus vannamei. To the above, a bioassay, with treatments in triplicate, was performed to test different additive concentrations. WSSV analysis was done in organisms infected with a relatively high viral load using single and nested PCR. At the end of the bioassay, hemolymph was extracted and the immune system was studied in hemocytes at biochemical and genetic level (quantitative PCR). The final growth was similar in all treatments and survival was between 66,7% and 93,3%. WSSV prevalence decreased 13% as compared to control. The number of hemocytes, phenoloxidase activity, and superoxide anion concentration were similar in all treatments. Inulin and fulvic acid modulated the expression of transglutaminase, superoxide dismutase, and prophenoloxidase genes, but not the Toll receptor. Additives do not negatively affect growth of white shrimp and they protect them against WSSV when infected with a relatively high viral load. Additives did not affect the immune system effectors studied at biochemical level but they modulated the expression of some immune-related genes in L. vannamei.
Growth, immune status and intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia fed dietary prebiotics (mannan oligosaccharides-MOS)
Authors: Yuji-Sado Ricardo , Raulino-Domanski Fernanda , De Freitas Patricia Franchi , Baioco-Sales Francielli
Published: June 2021

Farmers must conform to Best Management Practices in fish production such as the development of non-antibiotic dietary supplements for fish growth and health management. We determined the effects of increasing levels of dietary mannan oligosaccharides on growth, immune system and intestine integrity of Nile tilapia. Fish (49.6 ± 10.8 g) were randomly distributed into 12 tanks (250 L; 20 fish per tank) and fed during 60 days with a practical diet supplemented with 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% dietary mannan oligosaccharides (n = 3). Fish growth and immune system were not affected (P > 0.05) by treatments. Fish fed 0.4% prebiotic supplementation presented increased (P < 0.05) intestinal fold height. Moreover, the intestine muscular layer thickness was increased in fish fed 0.4 and 0.6% dietary prebiotic. After 60 days, there were no effects on intestinal morphology. Studies regarding characterization of intestinal microbiota and experiment that reproduce commercial fish production systems hearing conditions are necessary to determine the effective use of this dietary supplement for the species.
Conservation and aquaculture of native freshwater prawns: the case of the cauque river prawn Macrobrachium americanum (Bate, 1868)
Authors: García-Guerrero Marcelo , De Los Santos Romero Rodolfo , Vega-Villasante Fernando , Cortes-Jacinto Edilmar
Published: June 2021

Latin America has a high diversity of Macrobrachium prawns, some of them with commercial interest. Among them, the cauque river prawn Macrobrachium americanum is a large prawn of the western coast with commercial value due to its size and taste, but it has been extensively subjected to fishery exploitation, leading to population decline. Cultivation is an option for commercial production and conservation. Some research focused on domestication has been performed. Here, we revise the status of that research and discuss possibilities for sustainable freshwater prawn aquaculture in Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America.
Heterologous microsatellite-based genetic diversity in blue mussel (Mytilus chilensis) and differentiation among localities in southern Chile
Authors: Larraín María Angélica , Díaz Nelson F. , Lamas Carmen , Uribe Carla , Jilberto Felipe , Araneda Cristián
Published: June 2021

Mussels (Mytilus spp.) are one of the most cultivated and commercialized bivalves in southern Chile; culture is currently supplied almost entirely from wild-caught seed obtained from relatively few collection centers. The genetic diversity and differentiation of the blue mussel in southern Chile was investigated by sampling six locations: one natural bank and five seed collection centers. Nine polymorphic microsatellite (SSR) loci were genotyped (Mgu1, Mgu3, MT203, MT282, Mg15, Mg56, Med737, MIT02 and MGE005). We found 75 different alleles, six of which were private alleles. Of the analyzed loci, 45 of 54 tests performed deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after sequential Bonferroni correction (P < 0.05), revealing significant heterozygote deficiencies. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.322 (MGE005) to 0.893 (Mgu1). Despite the long distance between some sampling sites (up to 1360 km), genetic differentiation among the sites was low (FST = 0.043, P < 0.0001). The Bayesian cluster analysis (STRUCTURE) indicated two probable clusters, while the non-parametric cluster analysis (AWclust) identified two to four clusters. Both analyses showed a high level of admixture within clusters. Our results indicate that blue mussels in southern Chile show lower genetic diversity than in other countries, low inbreeding levels, and limited genetic differentiation among locations.
Population structure and reproductive characteristics of the silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller & Henle, 1839) (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) off the coast of Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Alejo-Plata María del Carmen , Ahumada-Sempoal Miguel Ángel , Gómez-Márquez José Luis , González-Acosta Adrián
Published: June 2021

Carcharhinus falciformis is an abundant oceanic species, which occurs in equatorial and tropical zones, with an important catch in the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Mexico. Samples were taken from December 2000 to December 2007 in four landing sites of the artisanal fleet on the coast of Oaxaca. During the period of study 1236 specimens (602 females and 634 males) of C. falciformis were registered. Total length (TL) ranged from 49 to 217 cm for females (mean = 111.3 cm) and from 59 to 265 cm for males (mean = 111.7 cm). The sex ratio of females to males was 1:1 ( 2 0.05 = 0.78, P > 0.05). The present data suggest a size at first sexual maturity of about 184.8 cm TL for females and 178.5 cm TL for males. The catches were composed mainly of young. In the 52 gravid females examined, the average number of embryos per female was seven; with a range of 3-14 embryos. Mean TL of embryos ranged from 10 to 66 cm with evidence of seasonal changes in the size structure. Results obtained showed that C. falciformis gives birth most of the year, with the highest proportion of births during the rainy season (May to October).
Hermit crab bycatch fauna (Decapoda, Anomura) off the coast of Santa Catarina State, Brazil: diversity and spatial-temporal distribution
Authors: Stanski Gilson , Mantelatto Fernando L. , Leão-Castilho Antonio L
Published: June 2021

Biodiversity and spatial-temporal distribution of hermit crabs captured as bycatch in the nonselective fishery of shrimp were analyzed in this study from July 2010 through June 2011 off coast Santa Catarina State (southern Brazil). Ecological indexes and redundancy analyses were conducted to understand the hermit community and their relationship with environmental factors. In total, 644 specimens were collected, representing two families, five genera, and six species, demonstrating remarkable species richness in the study area, mainly because Santa Catarina is a subtropical region. Isocheles sawayai showed the highest abundance, followed by Loxopagurus loxochelis. Both species demonstrated correlation with temperature (positive) and sediment grain size (negative). The highest richness and evenness values were estimated at the deeper area (17 m). However, in 5 m deep area showed the lowest evenness because of the high dominance of I. sawayai, resulting in a lower estimated diversity. During a period of lower temperature and higher salinity (July), higher levels of diversity were registered, probably because of the lower dominance of tropical species (I. sawayai) and the presence of some species distributed in offshore regions (Petrochirus diogenes, Dardanus insignis and Pagurus exilis). Thus, we detected that the capture effort designated in the shrimp fishery activities had a strong influence in the diversity of hermit crabs and other associated fauna, especially because of catch specimens in expressive abundance at various stages of development, including juveniles. This profile makes us argue in favor of constant monitoring of bycatch resources in order to preserve the marine fauna.
Two new species of the family Megalyridae (Hymenoptera) from China
Authors: Chen Hua-yan , Liuhe Bo-jing , Zhang Xiao
Published: June 2021

Two new species of the small and rarely collected family Megalyridae are described from China: Carminator daliensis Chen & Liuhe, sp. nov. from Yunnan and Ettchellsia hainanensis Chen & Liuhe, sp. nov. from Hainan. A key to megalyrid species of China is provided. The biogeographical implication of the new taxa is discussed.
A comparison of stride parameters and carpal and tarsal joint angles during terrestrial and swimming locomotion in domestic dogs
Authors: O’Rourke S. , Wills A.P.
Published: June 2021

In recent years, canine hydrotherapy has become increasingly popular to treat a range of conditions despite a lack of empirical evidence. It is currently unclear whether joint angles and limb movements performed by dogs during swimming are quantifiably beneficial for healthy animals. This study investigated the swimming kinematics of healthy dogs to establish baseline data for this activity and compare limb kinematics to that of overground locomotion. Kinematic data were recorded from eight healthy dolichocephalic dogs (mean age: 3.4±2.2) of a variety of breeds. Overground data were collected prior to swimming and consisted of dogs trotting on a flat surface. Swimming data were collected using an underwater camera during a standard hydrotherapy session conducted by a trained canine hydrotherapist. Range of motion, primarily due to an increase in flexion, was significantly greater (P<0.005) during swimming than trotting. Stride length (P<0.001) and frequency (P<0.005) were both significantly reduced in swimming compared to trot. Swimming kinematics recorded in this study are consistent with previously published data on canine aquatic locomotion but differ from those previously reported for water treadmill exercise. This study provides an insight into aquatic locomotion in healthy dogs indicating that range of motion exceeds that of terrestrial gaits. It is unclear whether these changes are beneficial for healthy animals and therefore further research is required to develop evidence-based protocols for industry practice.
Liberté, éducation et pouvoir. Lecture non-directive à partir des travaux de Daniel Hameline
Authors: Osmont Émilie
Published: June 2021

L’humanisme de la Renaissance a ordonné l’éducation à la liberté et, classiquement, la philosophie rattache le concept de liberté à l’idée de communauté politique, dont le pouvoir est l’un des attributs. Mais dès lors que l’on veut penser le rapport entre la liberté, l’éducation et le pouvoir en termes pédagogiques, on se heurte aux exigences de la praxis : il ne suffit plus de penser, il s’agit aussi de faire. Concrètement. Et de le raconter. En cela, l’expérience non-directive de Daniel Hameline et les ouvrages qu’il en a tirés avec Marie-Joëlle Dardelin font figure d’exemple à une époque traversée autant par les mouvements sociaux contestataires, y compris vis-à-vis de l’École, que par les théorisations sur les rapports de force à l’œuvre dans le système d’enseignement français. Cet article posera d’abord la fonction enseignante non-directive en miroir avec la fonction traditionnelle, mettant ainsi en évidence l’asymétrie d’une relation aux prises avec une commande institutionnelle. Bien que ce n’ait pas été son intention première, la non-directivité se présente alors comme une remise en cause de l’ordre politique établi en privilégiant les conditions de l’instituant au détriment de l’institué. Mais la valorisation de l’acteur a ses limites, celles-là mêmes qui font le jeu scolaire, et l’affranchissement de l’élève ne peut se penser sans sa domestication. Entre libéralisation du système et déscolarisation massive, Daniel Hameline choisira la « voie du milieu », celle d’une éducation au nom de l’armement critique.