bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid chromatography: Current applications in Heritage Science and recent developments
Authors: Degano Ilaria
Published: November 2018

Liquid chromatography has been widely employed in the analysis of materials in Heritage Science, due to its ease of use and relatively low-cost, starting from thin layer chromatography of organic binders in paintings, of archaeological waxes and resins, and finally of natural dyes. High performance systems employing analytical columns containing packed stationary phases gradually supplanted thin layer chromatography (TLC) in the field, since the separation, detection and quantitation of specific species contained in a sample in the field of Cultural Heritage requires selective, sensitive and reliable methods, allowing for analysing a wide range of samples, in terms of analyte types and concentration range. Today, the main applications of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in this field are related to the separation and detection of dyestuffs in archaeological materials and paint samples by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with suitable detectors. Proteomics and lipidomics are also gaining momentum in the last decade, thanks to the increased availability of instrumentation and procedures. In this chapter, principles and theory of liquid chromatography will be presented. A short review of the instrumentation needed to perform an analysis will be provided and some general principles of sample preparation revised. More details on the detection systems, the chromatographic set-ups and specific sample treatment strategies will be provided in the individual sections dedicated to the applications to Heritage Science of the main types of liquid chromatographic techniques. In particular, the applications of thin layer chromatography will be shortly described in paragraph 4.1. The applications of Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) will be discussed in detail in paragraph 4.2, including the analysis of natural and synthetic dyes and pigments and the profiling of lipid materials. The possibility to perform proteomic analysis will be presented and a link to the relevant Chapter in this book provided. The most important and promising applications of ion exchange chromatography (IC) will be discussed in paragraph 4.3. Finally, size exclusion and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) will be presented in paragraph 4.4, including applications to the study of polymeric network formation in paint binders, of the phenomena related to the depolymerisation of cellulose in paper and of cellulose and lignin in wood samples. The possibility to study synthetic polymers as artists’ materials and restorers’ tools by size exclusion (SEC) or gel permeation (GPC) will also be introduced. In the conclusions, future perspectives of liquid chromatography in Heritage Science will be briefly discussed.
Soziale Ungleichheit und Gesundheit/Krankheit: Zwei Forschungslinien
Authors: Geyer Siegfried
Published: November 2018

Gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten sind sowohl in nationalen als auch in internationalen Studien ein robuster empirischer Befund. Als Merkmale sozialer Differenzierung werden Schulbildung, Berufsposition und Einkommen verwendet, zusätzlich werden Effekte des Vermögens betrachtet. Neuere europäische Studien zeigen, dass sich gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten vor dem Hintergrund verbesserter Bevölkerungsgesundheit eher vergrößert als verkleinert haben. Ein neuer und interdisziplinärer Zweig der Forschung beschäftigt sich mit frühen Einflüssen sozialer Faktoren auf die Gesundheit im frühen und mittleren Lebensalter. In diesem Bereich sind in den kommenden Jahren die meisten Fortschritte zu erwarten.
New Method of Monitoring Tunnel Feet-Lock Pipe (TFP) Mechanics Using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)
Authors: Luo Yanbin , Diao Pengsheng , Chen Jianxun , Li Dong , Guo Yalong , Qiao Xiong
Published: November 2018

Tunnel feet-lock pipe (TFP) is one of the most effective measures used to control tunnel settlement and is widely used in tunneling with soft ground or weak rock mass. Mechanical analysis is an important method to optimize TFP design and construction, and its results can be used to evaluate the structural stability of the tunnel. Although the traditional direct resistance method (DRM) can measure the mechanics of TFP, it is not suitable for harsh environments (humid environments, chemical etching, and electromagnetic field noise) or long-term monitoring. In this article, a method to measure the mechanics of TFP by using Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is proposed. The strain and bending of TFP monitored by FBG is used to analyze the mechanics of TFP. In order to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the FBG method to measure the mechanics of TFP, an experimental scheme was designed to compare DRM and theoretical analysis. A supporting device and loading device were developed for the experimental scheme. Compared with the theoretical value, the error of strain and bending measured by FBG was stable within 5 με, the error of strain measured by DRM was approximately 15 με or even 20–30 με, and the error of bending measured by DRM was 10–15 με or even 25 με. Therefore, the precision of measuring the mechanics of TFP by using FBG is higher than by using DRM.
Creep Failure of Concrete under High Stress
Authors: Tang Can , Zheng Wenzhong , Wang Ying
Published: November 2018

Creep failure is due to the interconnection of microcracks in concrete when the material is placed under continual high stress. High-stress creep failure is a rarely researched phenomenon and currently lacks mathematical explanation. Previous investigations of high-stress creep failure in concrete from around the world have shown that shorter product duration and smaller creep strain are correlated to higher stress levels, while the loading age and concrete strength had little effect on high-stress creep failure. In addition, critical stress levels were not found to be dependent on loading age or concrete strength. The investigated critical stress level, η = σ/fc, varied from 0.75 to 0.8, with a recommended level of 0.76. This article investigates the relationships among stress level, failure time, and failure strain analyzed from 175 reports collected from around the world. Additionally, we propose a quantitative high-stress creep failure law.
Arqueometria e o sítio arqueológico Pedra do Cantagalo I: uma estratégia de investigação como modelo para a América do Sul
Authors: Cavalcante Luis Carlos Duarte
Published: November 2018

A Pedra do Cantagalo I é um sítio arqueológico localizado na área rural do município de Piripiri, estado do Piauí, Brasil. Consiste em um abrigo sob-rocha arenítica, cujas saliências e reentrâncias estão decoradas com mais de 1.950 pinturas rupestres representando figuras abstratas, propulsores de dardos, carimbos de mãos humanas, antropomorfos e zoomorfos, realizados em padrões policromáticos. Além da elevada densidade de inscrições pré-históricas e da policromia, esse sítio também se destaca pela recorrência dos motivos pintados e pela sobreposição deles entre si. Nos sedimentos superficiais foram encontrados fragmentos cerâmicos, líticos e ocres. Carvões residuais encontrados em fogueiras bem estruturadas, evidenciadas em recentes escavações neste abrigo, foram datados pelo método do 14C como sendo de 1.180 ± 30 anos antes do presente; em estratigrafia também foram evidenciados materiais cerâmicos, líticos e ocres vermelhos e amarelos. Neste artigo são reportadas as estratégias analíticas de campo e de laboratório utilizadas na investigação desse importante sítio arqueológico e dos testemunhos de atividade humana pré-histórica nele existentes ou dele coletados. Os exames físicos, a caracterização químico-mineralógica dos materiais, o monitoramento das condições ambientais e as prospecções no entorno foram primordiais. Abstract: Pedra do Cantagalo I is an archaeological site located in the rural area of the municipality of Piripiri, Piauí state, Brazil. It consists of a sandstone shelter decorated with more than 1,950 rupestrian paintings representing abstract figures, spear-throwers, human handprints, and anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures in polychromatic patterns. In addition to the high density of prehistoric inscriptions and polychrome paintings, this site also stands out due to the recurrence of painted motifs and to the overlapping of the paintings. Ceramic materials, lithics, and ochres were found in the sediments. Residual charcoals found in remnants of well-structured hearths, as recently evidenced from excavations in this shelter were AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) 14C-dated as being from 1,180 ± 30 years before present; in stratigraphy, ceramic materials, lithics, and red and yellow ochres were also evidenced. In this paper, the field and laboratory analytical strategies used in the investigation of this important archaeological site are reports as well as the evidence of prehistoric human activity contained within or collected from the site. The investigative techniques included physical examinations of the site, chemical-mineralogical characterization of the materials, monitoring of the environmental conditions and prospections in nearby areas.
A nação em uma xicrinha de café: reflexões sobre uma experiência nacionalista no Brasil novecentista (1901-1950)
Authors: Nunes Daniel Minossi
Published: November 2018

Foi a partir das pequenas xícaras para café exumadas do sítio arqueológico Praça Brigadeiro Sampaio (RS.JA-10), em Porto Alegre/RS, que essa narrativa tomou corpo. Essas xicrinhas funcionaram como uma espécie de gatilho ou, melhor dizendo, como elemento desafiador, estimulante, provocador. A pesquisa histórica acerca desses objetos, produzidos na primeira metade do século XX, colocou-me em contato com o rico universo do comércio internacional do café brasileiro. Divididos entre o Brasil e a Europa, alguns brasileiros preocupados com o consumo do café nacional no exterior expressavam, para além dos interesses calculistas do mercado, certo sentimento de estranhamento com relação à maneira como alguns povos europeus consumiam o café. Motivados por esse estranhamento, os atores escancaram e demarcam as diferenças entre os brasileiros e os europeus, reforçando, a partir do modo de preparo e consumo do café, a ideia de identidade nacional brasileira.
Abstract:
From the small coffee cups excavated from the archaeological site Praça Brigadeiro Sampaio (RS.JA-10), in Porto Alegre / RS, that this narrative was created. These cups have acted as a kind of trigger or, rather, as challenging element, stimulating. Historical research on these objects, produced in the first half of the twentieth century, put me in touch with the universe of international trade in Brazilian coffee. Divided between Brazil and Europe, some Brazilians worried about the consumption of national coffee abroad, beyond the calculating interests of the market, expressed a certain feeling of estrangement from the way some European peoples consumed coffee. Motivated by this estrangement, the actors opened up and demarcated the differences between Brazilians and Europeans, reinforcing, from the coffee preparation and consumption, the idea of national identity.
Conditional Knock-out of mGluR5 from Astrocytes during Epilepsy Development Impairs High-Frequency Glutamate Uptake
Authors: Umpierre Anthony D. , West Peter J. , White John A. , Wilcox Karen S.
Published: November 2018

Astrocyte expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is consistently observed in resected tissue from patients with epilepsy and is equally prevalent in animal models of epilepsy. However, little is known about the functional signaling properties or downstream consequences of astrocyte mGluR5 activation during epilepsy development. In the rodent brain, astrocyte mGluR5 expression is developmentally regulated and confined in expression/function to the first weeks of life, with similar observations made in human control tissue. Herein, we demonstrate that mGluR5 expression and function dramatically increase in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Interestingly, in both male and female mice, mGluR5 function persists in the astrocyte throughout the process of epileptogenesis following status epilepticus. However, mGluR5 expression and function are transient in animals that do not develop epilepsy over an equivalent time period, suggesting that patterns of mGluR5 expression may signify continuing epilepsy development or its resolution. We demonstrate that, during epileptogenesis, astrocytes reacquire mGluR5-dependent calcium transients following agonist application or synaptic glutamate release, a feature of astrocyte-neuron communication absent since early development. Finally, we find that the selective and conditional knock-out of mGluR5 signaling from astrocytes during epilepsy development slows the rate of glutamate clearance through astrocyte glutamate transporters under high-frequency stimulation conditions, a feature that suggests astrocyte mGluR5 expression during epileptogenesis may recapitulate earlier developmental roles in regulating glutamate transporter function.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn development, astrocyte mGluR5 signaling plays a critical role in regulating structural and functional interactions between astrocytes and neurons at the tripartite synapse. Notably, mGluR5 signaling is a positive regulator of astrocyte glutamate transporter expression and function, an essential component of excitatory signaling regulation in hippocampus. After early development, astrocyte mGluR5 expression is downregulated, but reemerges in animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) development and patient epilepsy samples. We explored the hypothesis that astrocyte mGluR5 reemergence recapitulates earlier developmental roles during TLE acquisition. Our work demonstrates that astrocytes with mGluR5 signaling during TLE development perform faster glutamate uptake in hippocampus, revealing a previously unexplored role for astrocyte mGluR5 signaling in hypersynchronous pathology.
Modulator-Gated, SUMOylation-Mediated, Activity-Dependent Regulation of Ionic Current Densities Contributes to Short-Term Activity Homeostasis
Authors: Parker Anna R. , Forster Lori A. , Baro Deborah J.
Published: November 2018

Neurons operate within defined activity limits, and feedback control mechanisms dynamically tune ionic currents to maintain this optimal range. This study describes a novel, rapid feedback mechanism that uses SUMOylation to continuously adjust ionic current densities according to changes in activity. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a peptide that can be post-translationally conjugated to ion channels to influence their surface expression and biophysical properties. Neuronal activity can regulate the extent of protein SUMOylation. This study on the single, unambiguously identifiable lateral pyloric neuron (LP), a component of the pyloric network in the stomatogastric nervous system of male and female spiny lobsters (Panulirus interruptus), focused on dynamic SUMOylation in the context of activity homeostasis. There were four major findings: First, neuronal activity adjusted the balance between SUMO conjugation and deconjugation to continuously and bidirectionally fine-tune the densities of two opposing conductances: the hyperpolarization activated current (Ih) and the transient potassium current (IA). Second, tonic 5 nmdopamine (DA) gated activity-dependent SUMOylation to permit and prevent activity-dependent regulation of Ihand IA, respectively. Third, DA-gated, activity-dependent SUMOylation contributed to a feedback mechanism that restored the timing and duration of LP activity during prolonged modulation by 5 μmDA, which initially altered these and other activity features. Fourth, DA modulatory and metamoduatory (gating) effects were tailored to simultaneously alter and stabilize neuronal output. Our findings suggest that modulatory tone may select a subset of rapid activity-dependent mechanisms from a larger menu to achieve homeostasis under varying conditions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPost-translational SUMOylation of ion channel subunits controls their interactions. When subunit SUMOylation is dysregulated, conductance densities mediated by the channels are distorted, leading to nervous system disorders, such as seizures and chronic pain. Regulation of ion channel SUMOylation is poorly understood. This study demonstrated that neuronal activity can regulate SUMOylation to reconfigure ionic current densities over minutes, and this regulation was gated by tonic nanomolar dopamine. Dynamic SUMOylation was necessary to maintain specific aspects of neuronal output while the neuron was being modulated by high (5 μm) concentrations of dopamine, suggesting that the gating function may ensure neuronal homeostasis during extrinsic modulation of a circuit.
Claudin-1-Dependent Destabilization of the Blood–Brain Barrier in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Sladojevic Nikola , Stamatovic Svetlana M. , Johnson Allison M. , Choi Jennifer , Hu Anna , Dithmer Sophie , Blasig Ingolf E. , Keep Richard F. , Andjelkovic Anuska V.
Published: November 2018

Recent evidence suggests that blood–brain barrier (BBB) recovery and reestablishment of BBB impermeability after stroke is incomplete. This could influence stroke recovery, increase the risk of repeat stroke, and be a solid substrate for developing vascular dementia. Although accumulating evidence has defined morphological alterations and underlying mechanisms of tight junction (TJ) changes during BBB breakdown in acute stroke, very little is known about the type of alterations and mechanisms in BBB “leakage“ found subacutely or chronically. The current study examined BBB structural alterations during the “BBB leakage” associated with the chronic phase of stroke in male mice and both genders of humans. We found significant upregulation of claudin-1 mRNA and protein, a nonspecific claudin for blood vessels, and downregulation in claudin-5 expression. Morphological and biochemical as well as fluorescence resonance energy transfer and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis of postischemic brain endothelial cells and cells overexpressing claudin-1 indicated that newly synthesized claudin-1 was present on the cell membrane (∼45%), was incorporated into the TJ complex with established interaction with zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and was building homophiliccis- andtrans-interactions. The appearance of claudin-1 in the TJ complex reduced claudin-5 strands (homophilic claudin-5cis- andtrans-interactions) and claudin-5/ZO-1 interaction affecting claudin-5 incorporation into the TJ complex. Moreover, claudin-1 induction was associated with an endothelial proinflammatory phenotype. Targeting claudin-1 with a specific C1C2 peptide improved brain endothelial barrier permeability and functional recovery in chronic stroke condition. This study highlights a potential “defect” in postischemic barrier formation that may underlie prolonged vessel leakiness.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough rarely expressed at the normal blood–brain barrier (BBB), claudin-1 is expressed in pathological conditions. Analyzing poststroke human and mouse blood microvessels we have identified that claudin-1 is highly expressed in leaky brain microvessels. Our results reveal that claudin-1 is incorporated in BBB tight junction complex, impeding BBB recovery and causing BBB leakiness during poststroke recovery. Targeting claudin-1 with a claudin-1 peptide improves brain endothelial barrier permeability and consequently functional neurological recovery after stroke.
Suppression of lymphoma growth by the xenoestrogens bisphenol A and genistein
Authors: Yakimchuk Konstantin , Bangalore Revanna Chandrashekar , Huang Dan , Inzunza Jose , Okret Sam
Published: November 2018

Well-defined physiological functions of estrogens are mediated via nuclear estrogen receptors α (ESR1) and β (ESR2). With regard to hematological malignancies, expression of ESR2 has been found in both B and T cell lymphomas. In addition to endogenous estrogens or selective ESR2 agonists, ESR2 signaling may be affected by both environmental synthetic estrogen-mimicking compounds and dietary phytoestrogens. In the present study, we demonstrate that oral exposure with either the synthetic compound bisphenol A (BPA) or the dietary phytoestrogen genistein reduced the growth of grafted murine T cell (EG7) and human B cell (Granta-519 mantle cell) lymphomas which both express ESR2. Suppression of lymphoma growth was due to reduced proliferation (BPA and genistein) and induction of apoptosis (genistein). Inhibition of lymphoma growth was seen at a BPA dose of 50 µg/kg body weight (BW)/day considered to be safe human exposure dose or a genistein dose of 1 mg/kg BW/day orally, which is reached in soy-rich diets. Thus, our study indicates that the environmental xenoestrogens BPA and genistein have anti-proliferative effects on ESR2-expressing lymphomas. Our data suggest that phytoestrogens may be considered as a dietary supplement for lymphoma patients and possibly for prevention of lymphoid malignancies.
Enrique Dussel: Entre Latinoamérica y la hermenéutica de la otredad
Authors: Castillejos Rodríguez Francisco Javier
Published: November 2018

El objetivo del presente ensayo es exponer los fundamentos de la filosofía de la liberación de Enrique Dussel y explicar sus aportaciones en el contexto del pensamiento latinoamericano. En un nivel postmetafísico de fundamentación, la filosofía de la liberación adopta el ethos del pensamiento semita y la hermenéutica del "Otro" de Levinas con el propósito de formular una crítica al eurocentrismo y edificar un modelo filosófico alternativo. Frente a los paradigmas tradicionales de filosofía e historiografía filosófica, Enrique Dussel desarrolla una nueva arquitectónica para dar cuenta de la especificidad de nuestro pensamiento.
Política cultural, modelo de ciudad y grandes infraestructuras culturales: análisis comparativo de la Cidade da Cultura de Santiago de Compostela y la Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències de València
Authors: Linheira Jorge , Rius-Ulldemolins Joaquim , Hernàndez Gil-Manuel
Published: November 2018

Las grandes infraestructuras culturales han constituido en los últimos veinte años los principales objetivos de las políticas culturales, como herramienta clave para el desarrollo urbano y como símbolo de globalización de la marca de la ciudad. En el Estado español, se han desarrollado ciertas de infraestructuras que por su sobredimensionamiento pueden ser calificadas de “elefantes blancos” culturales. Su génesis responde a la adopción del modelo de la ciudad creativa que conlleva numerosos problemas de sostenibilidad y plantea numerosas dudas sobre su utilidad cultural y rentabilidad social. Este artículo analiza este debate a partir de la comparación del caso de la Cidade da Cultura de Santiago de Compostela y la Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències de València.
Ciencia económica, gobierno y discursos dominantes en la política económica en Dinamarca y España
Authors: Ahedo Manuel
Published: November 2018

Dentro de la creciente investigación sobre la influencia de las ideas y de la ciencia económica en las políticas económicas se propone el análisis del sistema de debate de las políticas económicas. Se asume que la política económica en democracia debe integrar la racionalidad político-democrática con la racionalidad técnica. Se analizan tres dimensiones que conforman el sistema de debate de la política económica: la ciencia económica, el gobierno y los discursos dominantes. En base a literatura empírica, datos secundarios y entrevistas se comparan los sistemas de Dinamarca y España, ilustrado con el caso de las políticas laborales. Primero, se identifican las diferencias principales de la ciencia económica danesa y española, especialmente su orientación aplicada la política pública. Segundo, se compara el papel del gobierno en las políticas económicas, específicamente la forma de incorporación de la racionalidad técnica en la toma de decisiones. Tercero, se contrasta el funcionamiento de los discursos dominantes, liderados por organizaciones como los think tanks especializados. Se concluye que el sistema de debate en política económica en Dinamarca tiene un carácter institucionalizado que integra la racionalidad política y la racionalidad técnica, y en España una fuerte racionalidad política domina sobre la racionalidad técnica.
Stereotyping and Stigmatising Disability: A Content Analysis of Canadian Print News Media About Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Aspler John , Zizzo Natalie , Di Pietro Nina , Racine Eric
Published: November 2018

People with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a complex and controversial neurodevelopmental disability caused by alcohol exposure in the womb, report experiences of stigma in different parts of their lives. The media, sometimes central to how a public understands and constructs marginalized identities, have a notable history of poorly representing people with disabilities like FASD (including in Canada), which could increase their stigmatisation. Additionally, given its cause, women who drink while pregnant can also face stigmatisation – with some public discourses evoking narratives that promote blame and shame. To gain insight into the kinds of information presented to Canadians about FASD, alcohol, and pregnancy, we conducted a media content analysis of 286 articles retrieved from ten of the top Canadian newspapers (2002-2015). In this article, we report key themes we identified, most common being ‘crime associated with FASD’. We explore connections between this coverage, common disability stereotypes (i.e., criminal behaviour and ‘the villain’), FASD stigma, and expectations of motherhood.
Gestión de la ganadería y patrones de consumo de una comunidad indígena expuesta al fenómeno colonial: el caso de la Estructura 12 de la Cueva Pintada (Gran Canaria, España)
Authors: Castellano-Alonso Pablo , Moreno-García Marta , Rodríguez Rodríguez Amelia , Sáenz Sagasti José Ignacio , Onrubia Pintado Jorge
Published: November 2018

Se presenta el estudio de los taxones faunísticos domésticos recuperados en dos contextos espaciales y estratigráficos documentados en la Estructura 12 del yacimiento de La Cueva Pintada de Gáldar (Gran Canaria, España). Datados entre los siglos XV y XVI d.C., uno es indiscutiblemente anterior a la conquista de la isla y el otro corresponde, con toda probabilidad, a un momento en el que esta ya se ha producido. Cerdos, cabras y ovejas son las únicas especies domésticas consumidas durante todo el siglo XV y principios del siglo XVI. No se documentó la introducción de nuevos animales ni se detectó el uso de herramientas metálicas para el tratamiento carnicero o el consumo. Sin embargo, en  el contexto más antiguo de los analizados, previo a la anexión definitiva de la isla, la frecuencia de restos de cerdo (NME=63%) es muy superior a la de caprinos (NME=37%), circunstancia prácticamente inédita en el Archipiélago hasta la fecha. Dicha tendencia parece que se invierte a medida que nos acercamos a finales del siglo XV, periodo de plena ocupación colonial. Lo que permanece inalterable es la mayor proporción de cabras con respecto a las ovejas en cada etapa. Los perfiles de mortalidad a lo largo de la secuencia estudiada sugieren que mientras cabras y ovejas eran consumidas a cualquier edad durante todo el año, aunque preferentemente adultas, el sacrificio de cerdos se centraba en individuos subadultos, con edades comprendidas entre los 12- 25 meses, una vez habían alcanzado su peso óptimo. Este resultado muestra el aprovechamiento diversificado de la cabaña caprina y la gestión especializada en el mantenimiento de la cabaña porcina, pudiendo estar su sacrificio asociado a momentos y espacios en los que la demanda de carne fuera mayor.
Ofrendar y propiciar. Fauna y prácticas agropastoriles prehispánicas del segundo milenio AP en Antofagasta de la Sierra, Puna Meridional Argentina
Authors: Urquiza Silvana V. , Babot María del Pilar
Published: November 2018

En esta contribución analizamos conjuntos arqueofaunísticos procedentes de de- pósitos inferidos como enterramientos intencionales de objetos (en pozos y como acumulacio- nes). Éstos corresponden a eventos ocurridos en torno a un recinto central del sitio residencial agropastoril Punta de la Peña 9, en Antofagasta de la Sierra, (provincia de Catamarca), Puna meridional argentina, durante el segundo milenio AP (ca. 1516-929 años cal. AP). Realizamos una caracterización de la fauna de vertebrados e invertebrados desde un punto de vista anató- mico, taxonómico y tafonómico. El análisis de estos elementos, las recurrencias y ausencias e indicadores de estacionalidad, sumados a la presencia de otros objetos incluidos en los depósi- tos, su estructuración y cronología relativa a la historia de uso del recinto, son interpretados a  la luz de prácticas y relatos tradicionales de los Andes Centro Sur. Esto nos permite postular la ocurrencia de eventos fundacionales y de instancias de propiciación referidas a la estación seca dentro de los ciclos agropastoriles centro-surandinos.
Pengaruh Lama Inkubasi dan Variasi Jenis Starter Terhadap Kadar Gula, Asam Laktat, Total Asam dan pH Yoghurt Susu Kedelai
Authors: Muawanah Anna
Published: November 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pembuatan yoghurt susu kedelai, untuk mengetahuipengaruh jenis starter terhadap perubahan kadar gula, asam laktat, total asam dan pH padasusu hasil fermentasi. Sebagai perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah variasi starterLactobacillus bulgaricus dan Streptococcus thermophillus dan lama inkubasi. Parameteryang diuji meliputi Kadar gula, asam laktat dengan metode HPLC, total asam dengantitrasi dan pH dengan pH meter. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Waktu inkubasimempengaruhi penurunan pH dan kenaikan konsentrasi total asam. Perbandingan variasijumlah dua starter yang digunakan tidak mempengaruhi proses perubahan komponen gulamenjadi asam laktat. Data HPLC menunjukkan bahwa komponen gula adalah sukrosa danlaktosa yang konsentrasinya menurun selama inkubasi dari 0 jam sampai 8 jam. Jenis Asamyang dihasilkan adalah asam laktat, dimana konsentrasinya mengalami peningkatan 0 jamsampai 8 jam, terutama pada sampel yang perbandingan starternya 1:3.
Kandungan Pb Pada Daun Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) dan Rumput Gajah Mini (Axonopus.Sp)Di Jalan Protokol Kota Tangerang
Authors: Inayah Siti Nihayatul , Las Thamzil , Yunita Etyn
Published: November 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui akumulasi Pb pada daun Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) dan rumput Gajah Mini (Axonopus.Sp) yang terletak dibeberapa jalan protokol Kota Tangerang. Lokasi pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Sembilan lokasi utama Kota Tangerang dan satu di lokasi permukiman. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Maret dan April 2009. Sampel dianalisa menggunakan Spektroskopi Serapan Atom (SSA) melalui metode destruksi basah. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah kandungan Pb pada daun Angsana (2.04 – 7.30 μg/g pada bulan Maret 2009 ; 1.12 – 7.61 μg/g pada bulan April 2009) dan rumput Gajah Mini (2.12 – 12.38 μg/g pada bulan Maret 2009 ; 5.89 – 10.32 μg/g pada bulan April 2009). Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pterocarpus indicus dan Axonopus.Sp mampu mengakumulasi Pb pada kisaran 1.12-12.38 μg/g. Kandungan Pb pada daun Angsana dan rumput Gajah Mini hasil penelitian tidak mencapai 1000 ppm (μg/g). Hal ini berarti kandungan Pb pada daun Angsana dan rumput Gajah Mini di Kota Tangerang belum melampaui ambang batas toksisitasnya terhadap tanaman.
Sintesis Komposit TiO2-Bentonit dan Aplikasinya untuk Penurunan BOD dan COD Air Embung UNNES
Authors: Aji Navela Rahma , Wibowo Emas Agus Prastyo , Ujiningtyas Resti , Wirasti Hestin , Widiarti Nuni
Published: November 2018

Abstrak Telah disintesis komposit TiO2-bentonit untuk penurunan BOD dan COD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pembentukan komposit TiO2-Bentonit serta mengetahui katalis terbaik dalam proses fotodegradasi air embung. Penelitian diawali dengan preparasi TiO2-Bentonit. Hasil pembentukan komposit dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Katalis yang diuji adalah TiO2, bentonit, TiO2-bentonit yang diaplikasikan ke air embung dengan waktu penyinaran selama 30 menit.Terbentuknya komposit TiO2-Bentonit ditunjukkan dengan refleksi TiO2 pada 2 25. Hasil analisis menggunakan FTIR yakni Ti-O antara range 400-700 cm -1 dalam hal ini ditunjukkan dalam peak 478.35 dan 594.08. Puncak serapan-serapan utama pada bentonit beradi di bilangan gelombang 3626.17 cm-1, 3448.72 cm-1 dan 1635.64 cm-1. Spektra TiO2-Bentonit tidak menunjukkan adanya pergeseran serapan pada bilangan gelombang 3448.72 cm-1 yang belum  menunjukkan ikatan O-H yang semakin lemah karena adanya TiO2 di dalam antar lapis bentonit.Penurunan nilai BOD dan COD terbesar diperoleh dengan menggunakan TiO2-Bentonit yakni untuk BOD 18.40 ppm dan COD 10.05ppm. Kemampuan komposit TiO2-Bentonit lebih besar dibandingkan katalis TiO2 dan bentonit.   Kata kunci: air embung, fotodegradasi, TiO2-bentonit Abstract   Have done synthesized composite TiO2-bentonite to decrease BOD and COD. This study aims to determine the process of form he composite TiO2-bentonite and determine the best catalyst in the process of photodegradation water reservoir. The study begins with the preparation of TiO2-bentonite. Results composite formation characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The catalyst is tested TiO2, bentonite, TiO2-bentonite which is applied to the water reservoir with the exposure time for 30 menit.Terbentuknya composite TiO2-bentonite indicated by TiO2 reflection on the 2θ ≥ 25. FTIR analysis results using the Ti-O between the range 400-700 cm-1 in this case is shown in peak 478.35 and 594.08. The main absorption peak-absorption on bentonite beradi at wavenumber 3626.17 cm-1, 3448.72 and 1635.64 cm-1. TiO2-bentonite spectra did not indicate any shift in absorption at wavenumber 3448.72 cm-1 which has not shown the OH bond is weakened by the existence of TiO2 in between layers of bentonite. Impairment The BOD and COD obtained using the TiO2-bentonite for BOD 18.40 ppm and 10.05 ppm COD. TiO2-bentonite composite capability greater than TiO2 catalyst and bentonite.   Keyword: air embung, photodegradation, TiO2-bentonite DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0.3620
Penggunaan Bunga Kecombrang (Etlingera Elatior) Dalam Proses Formulasi Permen Jelly
Authors: Muawanah Anna , Djajanegara Ira , Sa’duddin A , Sukandar Dede , Radiastuti Nani
Published: November 2018

Penelitian penggunaan bunga kecombrang dalam formulasi permen jelly telah dilakukan. Tujuan daripenelitian ini adalah mengetahui formulasi yang paling disukai berdasarkan uji organoleptik danspesifikasinya berdasarkan standar permen jelly dalam SNI 3547.2-2008. Penelitian ini terdiri dari duatahap yaitu pertama penentuan formulasi permen jelly dan kedua analisis produk meliputi sifat fisik,sifat kimia, aktivitas antioksidan, cemaran logam dan total mikroba. Sediaan bunga kecombrang yangdigunakan dalam formulasi permen jelly adalah ekstrak air dan manisan bunga kecombrang. Hasilpenelitian menunjukan bahwa formula kode M2 merupakan produk yang paling disukai oleh panelisberdasarkan uji organoleptik.Spesifikasi permen jellytersebut adalah kekerasan 130,43 g force;kekenyalan 10; pH 3,84; kadar air 4,92% (b/b); kadar abu 0,14% (b/b); kadar protein 7,34% (b/b);kadar lemak 0,15% (b/b); kadar gula pereduksi 6,18% (b/b); aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) 161,82μg/mL; logam Pb 0,52 mg/L dan total mikroba permen jelly sampai akhir penyimpanan pada hari ke-4masih dibawah 5x104 koloni/gram yaitu 8,19x103 koloni/gram produk. Berdasarkan standar permenjelly, spesifikasi permen jellyyang paling disukai telah memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan dalam SNI3547.2-2008.
Polimerisasi Eugenol Minyak Daun Cengkeh Hasil Redistilasi, Ekstraksi, dan Fraksinasi Menggunakan Katalis Asam Sulfat Pekat
Authors: Sudarlin Sudarlin , Haryadi Winarto
Published: November 2018

Polymerization of purified eugenol from clove leaf oil using concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst has been done in this research. Clove leaf oil was purified by vacuum redistillation, acid-base extraction, and vacuum fractionation to yield eugenol. The eugenol was polymerized with concentrated sulfuric acid in ratio 1: 2. Polyeugenol from eugenol of clove leaf oil resulted from redistillation, extraction, and fractionation is in solid form (yield: 88.14%); from redistillation and extraction is also in solid form (yield: 86.15%); from redistillation clove leaf oil is in gel form (yield: 100.29%). Structure of polyeugenol was determined by infrared spectrophotometer and characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Molecular weight of the product was calculated by viscometry method.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0.4685
Penggunaan H-Zeolit dan Tawas dalam Pemurnian Crude Glycerol dengan Proses Adsorpsi dan Koagulasi
Authors: Aziz Isalmi , Fadhilah Nur Hijjah Bayani , Hendrawati Hendrawati
Published: November 2018

Production of biodiesel from used cooking oil byproducts such as crude glycerol with low purity. The crude glycerol containing compounds impurities such as free fatty acids, alcohol, soap, catalyst and water. Compound adsorption of impurities can be done with the H-zeolite as adsorbent, but the resulting quality is still not good. To improve its quality, this research was added alum (coagulation) process so that the adsorption of colloidal-sized compound impurities which can be separated from the glycerol. The purpose of this research is determine optimal condition of adsorption and coagulation impurity compounds of crude glycerol by using H-zeolite and  alum and  also determine quality of glycerol  was obtained. First, crude glycerol acidified by phosphoric acid 85% (pure analysis) until desired pH ±2.5. It was obtained purity of glycerol 72.797%. The next process is adsorption with activated H-zeolite and it obtained purity of glycerol 77.079%. The last process in this research is adsorption and coagulation by using H-zeolite and alum. The highest purity glycerol 93.803% was obtained from condition of adsorption and coagulation for 75 minutes; alum’s concentration 80 ppm; and temperature 60 ºC. The glycerol discharged from adsorption and coagulation process by using H-zeolite and alum is qualify Indonesia National Standard number 06-1564-1995 with 3.512% water content; 2.438% ash content; 0.247% MONG content; has no sugar; 1.259 g/mL density of glycerol; 0.2356% potassium content and 0.0410% aluminium content; and brighter color.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0.5143
Zeolit Sintetis Terfungsionalisasi 3-(Trimetoksisilil)-1-Propantiol sebagai Adsorben Kation Cu(II) dan Biru Metilena
Authors: Sugiarti Sri , Charlena Charlena , Aflakhah Nurul Afiati
Published: November 2018

The more commonly used method for making synthetic zeolite from kaolin is hydrothermal method. This research tested a sol-gel method in processing synthetic zeolit  using kaolin as the basic ingrediant. The synthetic  zeolite  derived from the sol-gel method was then characterized using X-ray Difractometer and Scanning Electron Microscope, which found resulting products zeolite-A, zeolite Y and sodalite. The adsorption ability of the synthetic zeolites was tested using Cu(II) and methylene blue.  Functionalization of the synthetic zeolites by 3-(trimetoksisilil)-1-propantiol was  done to increase adsorption capacity. Zeolite A modified by 3-(trimetoksisilil)-1-propantiol  had the greater capacity to adsorb methylene blue at 30.11 mg/g. The adsorption isotherms of all the synthetic zeolites approached the Langmuir form. The adsorption energy off all synthetic zeolites approached the chemical adsorption.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0.5144
The Joys and Frustrations of Breastfeeding and Rooming-In Among Mothers With Opioid Use Disorder: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Howard Mary Beth , Wachman Elisha , Levesque Emily M. , Schiff Davida M. , Kistin Caroline J. , Parker Margaret G.
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVES:

To investigate perspectives of mothers with opioid use disorder regarding breastfeeding and rooming-in during the birth hospitalization and identify facilitators and barriers.

METHODS:

We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 25 mothers with opioid use disorder 1–12 weeks after delivery. Grounded theory analysis was used until thematic saturation was reached. Findings were triangulated, with experts in the field and a subset of informants themselves, to ensure data reliability.

RESULTS:

Among 25 infant-mother dyads, 36% of infants required pharmacologic treatment, 72% of mothers initiated breastfeeding, and 40% continued until discharge. We identified the following themes: (1) information drives maternal feeding choice; (2) the hospital environment is both a source of support and tension for mothers exerting autonomy in the care of their infants; (3) opioid withdrawal symptoms negatively impact breastfeeding; (4) internal and external stigma negatively impact mothers’ self-efficacy; (5) mothers’ histories of abuse and trauma affect their feeding choice and bonding; (6) mothers’ recovery makes caring for their infants emotionally and logistically challenging; and (7) having an infant is a source of resilience and provides a sense of purpose for mothers on their path of recovery.

CONCLUSIONS:

Future interventions aimed at increasing breastfeeding and rooming-in during the birth hospitalization should focus on education regarding the benefits of breastfeeding and rooming-in, supporting mothers’ autonomy in caring for their infants, minimizing stigma, and maximizing resilience.
Arranjos familiares com pessoas idosas: fatores contributivos
Authors: Aguiar Aline Cristiane de Sousa Azevedo , Menezes Tânia Maria De Oliva , Camargo Climene Laura de
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: conocer factores que contribuyen a la conformación de arreglos familiares con personas mayores. Materiales y métodos: investigación cualitativa fundamentada en el referencial teórico del Interaccionismo Simbólico. Colaboraron diecinueve familiares de personas ancianas registradas en una Unidad de Salud de la Familia de un municipio del Estado de Bahía, Brasil. La selección ocurrió de manera intencional y determinada por índice de saturación. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un guion de entrevista semiestructurado en el año 2015 y analizados a partir del análisis de contenido temático.Resultados: se delinearon las siguientes categorías: evitar la soledad de la persona mayor; dificultades financieras de los familiares; necesidades de cuidar de la persona mayor; y abuelos y abuelas como proveedores y proveedoras del cuidado de los nietos.Conclusión: los arreglos de familiares con las personas mayores son responsables de las transferencias de apoyo, recursos y cuidados entre las generaciones, siendo una realidad vivenciada por familias de bajos ingresos. Se destaca, además, la necesidad de los profesionales de salud, sobre todo de enfermería, de reconocer los desafíos enfrentados por la familia al atender demandas de cuidado de la persona anciana, instigando a insertar a las familias como objeto de su trabajo.
Menores de dos años y la disfunción nutricional: la visión del enfermero de la atención básica
Authors: Lemos Luciana Ferreira , Albuquerque Lêda Maria , Larocca Liliana Müller , Mazza Verõnica De Azevedo
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: describir los elementos de vulnerabilidad del niño menor de dos años relacionados con disfuncionesnutricionales, identificados por los enfermeros de atención primaria. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo-descriptivo realizado en una ciudad al sur de Brasil, con seis enfermeras de servicio de unidad de salud básica y también del modelo Estrategia Salud de la Familia. La recolección de datos fue por grupos focales, de enero a febrero del 2015. Se adoptó el análisis de contenido de categorías temáticas de Bardin y para la organización y procesamiento de datos se utilizó el programa informático Iramuteq®.Resultados: el análisis de datos textuales empleados fue la clasificación jerárquica descendente, este software procesó y organizó los datos en seis textos, distribuidos en 106segmentos, de los cuales 81 (76,4 %) fueron aprovechados. El análisis de los datos expresó las siguientes categorías:Ambiente desfavorable para la alimentación infantil sana y Prácticas y responsabilidades compartidas en el manejo de la lactancia. Mostraron que el ambiente abarca déficitssocioeconómicos familiares, cognitivos y de la salud materna, mala red social y familiar como también fuerte impacto del marketing y débil supervisión de las políticas públicas.Conclusión: la comprensión de los elementos de vulnerabilidad puede permitir un diálogo estrecho entre losdistintos segmentos intersectoriales y profesionales, cuyo objetivo común es el entendimiento de que la enfermedady la discapacidad están influenciadas por aspectos políticos, sociales y económicos.
Mundialização, regionalização e fronteiras
Authors: Mallmann Maria Izabel , Santander Sebastian , Souza Gustavo Matiuzzi de
Published: November 2018

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The impact of heat gain schedules on summer overheating in typical insulated dwellings
Authors: Ponechal R. , Jurasová D.
Published: November 2018

Summer overheating is usually caused by a combination of factors, such as building location, orientation, fabric, ventilation and occupancy behaviour. People by their behaviour influence overheating through the internal heat gain mode and window opening ventilation mode. The article describes several types of occupancy profiles according to their behaviour taken from the literature: the profile of the worker, the child, the pensioner and the adventurer. From them, it is possible to disable the heat gain schedule for the whole household or apartment house. Heat gains from appliances are updated according to the modern lifestyle and current household appliances. The effect of heat gains in combination with other factors, which caused overheating, is further evaluated through the building simulation program.
Adolescentes e crianças vítimas de violência atendidas em um Programa de Psicologia em Delegacias da Mulher do ABC Paulista
Authors: Munari Amanda , Perricone Rafaela , Smerdel Larissa , Oliveira Juliana , Vizzotto Marília M.
Published: November 2018

Este estudo levantou dados de prontuários de clientela (adolescentes e crianças) que recebera assistência em um “programa de atenção psicológica imediata às vítimas de violência”, em delegacias especiais para mulheres e crianças, localizadas na região da grande São Paulo, Brasil. Entre os 354 registros de atendimentos psicológicos nos anos de 2014 a 2016, as crianças e adolescentes totalizaram 32. Desse total, 20 registros (62%) eram de vítimas do sexo feminino, na faixa etária de 4 a 16 anos. Verificou-se que as principais queixas sobre violência (Abuso sexual; agressões física/verbal; negligência) não se distanciaram dos dados apresentados pelos órgãos oficiais e pelas pesquisas. A violência praticada contra crianças esteve sempre relacionada ao contexto familiar. É possível considerar a família como eixo central de atenção sendo ela o grande foco da prevenção.
Percepções dos Usuários de Crack sobre as suas Relações Familiares na Infância e Adolescência
Authors: Barros Naiara Alves de , Tucci Adriana Marcassa
Published: November 2018

Resumo O objetivo principal deste estudo foi compreender a percepção dos usuários de crack sobre suas famílias de origem durante a infância e a adolescência. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, da qual participaram 29 usuários de crack de ambos os sexos. Os dados oriundos das entrevistas semiestruturadas foram analisados de acordo com o conteúdo temático e organizados em categorias. Os resultados revelaram que os usuários de crack percebem os vínculos familiares como frágeis. Além disso, mencionaram a vivência de situações de violência e consumo de drogas entre os membros da família. Os dados indicam a necessidade de cuidado dos familiares, os quais, muitas vezes, também enfrentam problemas com o uso de substâncias, e o desenvolvimento de ações educativas preventivas na infância e na adolescência.