bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choriocapillaris and progressive ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer loss in non-glaucomatous eyes
Authors: Cheng Weijing , Wang Wei , Song Yunhe , Lin Fengbin , Duan Yongbo , Xie Liu , Jin Kai , Weinreb Robert N , Zhang Xiulan
Published: August 2022

Aims

To explore the relationship between choriocapillaris (CC) flow deficit percentage (FD%) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in a population-based sample of non-glaucomatous eyes.

Methods

This is a longitudinal cohort study and prospective cross-sectional study. Non-glaucoma Chinese subjects aged 18 years or older were enrolled. All participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination, including swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and SS-OCT angiography. Average, inner average, outer average and nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study sub-regions of GCIPL thickness and CC FD% were measured. The correlation between CC FD% and GCIPL was assessed using a linear regression model, and the relationship between the rate of change of GCIPL thickness and CC FD% was further validated in a 2year longitudinal study.

Results

In the cross-sectional study including 3514 participants (3514 non-glaucoma eyes), a higher CC FD% was significantly associated with a thinner GCIPL (β=−0.32; 95% CI −0.43 to –0.21; p<0.001). Further, in a longitudinal study (453 eyes of 453 participants), a faster increase in CC FD% was found to be significantly associated with a faster decrease in GCIPL thickness (β=−0.10; 95% CI –0.17 to –0.03; p=0.004) after adjusting for age, sex, axial length and image quality score.

Conclusions

This is the first time to show that CC FD% and GCIPL thickness were correlated in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of non-glaucomatous individuals, which may potentially provide further insights on the role of CC perfusion in glaucoma development and progression.
Risk of preterm birth, small for gestational age at birth, and stillbirth after covid-19 vaccination during pregnancy: population based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fell Deshayne B , Dimanlig-Cruz Sheryll , Regan Annette K , Håberg Siri E , Gravel Christopher A , Oakley Laura , Alton Gillian D , Török Eszter , Dhinsa Tavleen , Shah Prakesh S , Wilson Kumanan , Sprague Ann E , El-Chaâr Darine , Walker Mark C , Barrett Jon , Okun Nannette , Buchan Sarah A , Kwong Jeffrey C , Wilson Sarah E , Dunn Sandra I , MacDonald Shannon E , Dougan Shelley D
Published: August 2022

Objective

To assess the risk of preterm birth, small for gestational age at birth, and stillbirth after covid-19 vaccination during pregnancy.

Design

Population based retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Ontario, Canada, 1 May to 31 December 2021.

Participants

All liveborn and stillborn infants from pregnancies conceived at least 42 weeks before the end of the study period and with gestational age ≥20 weeks or birth weight ≥500 g.

Main outcome measures

Using Cox regression, hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for preterm birth before 37 weeks (overall and spontaneous preterm birth), very preterm birth (<32 weeks), small for gestational age at birth (<10th centile), and stillbirth. Vaccination against covid-19 was treated as a time varying exposure in the outcome specific risk window, and propensity score weighting was used to adjust hazard ratios for potential confounding.

Results

Among 85 162 births, 43 099 (50.6%) occurred in individuals who received one dose or more of a covid-19 vaccine during pregnancy—42 979 (99.7%) received an mRNA vaccine. Vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with any increased risk of overall preterm birth (6.5% among vaccinatedv6.9% among unvaccinated; adjusted hazard ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 1.08), spontaneous preterm birth (3.7%v4.4%; 0.96, 0.90 to 1.03), or very preterm birth (0.59%v0.89%; 0.80, 0.67 to 0.95). No increase was found in risk of small for gestational age at birth (9.1%v9.2%; 0.98, 0.93 to 1.03) or stillbirth (0.25%v0.44%; 0.65, 0.51 to 0.84). Findings were similar by trimester of vaccination, mRNA vaccine product, and number of doses received during pregnancy.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that vaccination against covid-19 during pregnancy is not associated with a higher risk of preterm birth, small for gestational age at birth, or stillbirth.
Reporting dose in complex self-management support interventions for long-term conditions: is it defined by researchers and received by participants? A systematic review
Authors: Rookes Tasmin Alanna , Barat Atena , Turner Rebecca , Taylor Stephanie
Published: August 2022

Background

The minimum clinically effective dose, and whether this is received in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of complex self-management interventions in long-term conditions (LTCs), can be unclear. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist states that dose should be clearly reported to ensure validity and reliable implementation.

Objectives

To identify whether the expected minimum clinically effective dose, and the dose participants received is reported within research articles and if reporting has improved since the TIDieR checklist was published.

Methods

Four databases were systematically searched (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, AMED and CINAHL) to identify published reports between 2008 and 2022 for RCTs investigating complex self-management interventions in LTCs. Data on reporting of dose were extracted and synthesised from the eligible articles.

Results

94 articles covering various LTCs including diabetes, stroke and arthritis were included. Most complex interventions involved behaviour change combined with education and/or exercise. The maximum dose was usually reported (n=90; 97.8%), but the expected minimum clinically effective dose and the dose received were reported in only 28 (30.4%) and 62 (67.4%) articles, respectively. Reporting of the expected minimum clinically effective dose and the dose participants received did not improve following the publication of the TIDieR checklist in 2014.

Conclusions

Interpreting results and implementing effective complex self-management interventions is difficult when researchers’ reporting of dose is not in line with guidelines. If trial findings indicate benefit from the intervention, clear reporting of dose ensures reliable implementation to standard care. If the results are non-significant, detailed reporting enables better interpretation of results, that is, differentiating between poor implementation and lack of effectiveness. This ensures quality of interventions and validity and generalisability of trial findings. Therefore, wider adoption of reporting the TIDieR checklist dose aspects is strongly recommended. Alternatively, customised guidelines for reporting dose in complex self-management interventions could be developed.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020180988.
Impact of homologous recombination deficiency biomarkers on outcomes in patients with early breast cancer: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Liao Hao , Pei Wendi , Zhong Jianxin , Li Huiping
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Patients with breast cancer with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) such as germline BRCA1/2 mutations would respond to DNA-damaging drugs. Several clinical studies have revealed that HRD biomarkers were associated with the outcomes of patients with early breast cancer (EBC). However, no systematic review has determined the prognostic role of HRD biomarkers in patients with EBC. Therefore, this study will systematically combine and analyse the results of previous studies, to facilitate the clinical use of HRD detection in EBC.

Methods and analysis

We will search five databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, OVID and Web of Science through December 2021, with no language restriction. Two reviewers will independently screen all records based on pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main outcomes include pathological complete response, disease-free survival and Ooerall survival. In addition, all studies included must contain the detection of HRD score, HRD status or HRD-related gene mutational status and protein expression. Data extraction will be carried out by two reviewers independently according to a self-designed template. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and Jadad Scale will be used for quality assessment for cohort studies and randomised clinical trials, respectively. Review Manager V.5.3.5 will be used to perform meta-analysis. Both the Q test and I2 statistic will be used to assess heterogeneity. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be conducted if significant heterogeneity appears and cannot be reduced by using a random-effect model.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for a systematic review. The results will be disseminated through international and national conferences or peer-reviewed publications.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021286522.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bhattacharya Oashe , Siddiquea Bodrun Naher , Shetty Aishwarya , Afroz Afsana , Billah Baki
Published: August 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the vaccines’ acceptance level and to find the factors influencing pregnant women’s vaccination decisions, with the goal of assisting in the development of interventions and promoting more research in this area.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PubMed.

Eligibility criteria

Studies providing any kind of quantitative assessment of overall COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among pregnant women in any country or region across the globe.

Data extraction and synthesis

The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women was calculated using the random-effects model. Subgroup (sensitivity) analysis was performed to determine the overall COVID-19 vaccine acceptance level to understand the sources of substantial heterogeneity.

Results

Out of the 375 studies identified, 17 studies from four continents assessing 25 147 participants (pregnant women) were included in this study. Among the participants, only 49% (95% CI 42% to 56%, p<0.001) had COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. High-income countries (47%; 95% CI 38% to 55%, p<0.001), participants with fewer than 12 years of education (38%; 95% CI 19% to 58%, p<0.001) and multiparous women (48%; 95% CI 31% to 66%, p<0.001) had lower COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Overall heterogeneity was high (I2 ≥98%), and publication bias was present (p<0.001). A very weak positive correlation between COVID-19 knowledge and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was observed (r=0.164; 95% CI −0.946 to 0.972; p=0.8359).

Conclusion

Overall, COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women was low across the studies and considerably low among some specific subgroups of participants. These research findings have implications for the development of effective interventions that could increase the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance level among pregnant women to attain herd immunity.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021277754.
Investigating coaches’ recognition of symptoms of eating disorders in track athletes
Authors: Macpherson Margaret Catherine , Harrison Róisín , Marie Dannette , Miles Lynden K
Published: August 2022

Objective

To determine the extent to which athletics coaches can identify evidence of an eating disorder in track athletes and what treatment advice they would provide.

Methods

Vignettes depicting athletes portraying symptoms consistent with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) were developed and used to survey 185 UK and Irish athletics coaches (and a community sample of 105 non-coaches) regarding their ability to recognise and respond to symptoms of an eating disorder.

Results

Coaches were no more likely than the community sample to correctly identify an eating disorder but were more likely to suggest professional treatment for an athlete experiencing symptoms of AN (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.29). For both eating disorders, higher levels of mental health literacy (AN: OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.11, BN: OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.14) and more years of coaching experience (AN: OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.24, BN: OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.16) also increased the likelihood of suggesting professional help. When considering the whole sample, participants were more likely to correctly identify an eating disorder (OR 4.67, 95% CI 2.66 to 8.20) and suggest professional treatment for AN than BN (OR 1.76, CI 1.04 to 2.97). Further, symptoms of AN were more likely to be correctly identified in female than male athletes (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.28 to 4.06).

Conclusions

Although coaches were more likely than community members to recommend professional treatment to an athlete exhibiting symptoms of an eating disorder, they were no more likely to correctly identify an eating disorder in the first instance. Further work is required to enhance coaches’ capacity to identify symptoms of eating disorders to ensure athletes receive appropriate interventions.
High-potency benzodiazepine misuse in opioid-dependent patients: use naloxone with care
Authors: Raman Rajendra
Published: August 2022

The misuse of highly potent benzodiazepines is increasing in the UK, particularly among the opioid-using population in Scotland. Differentiating opioid from benzodiazepine toxicity is not always straightforward in patients with reduced level of consciousness following drug overdose. Patients on long-term opioid substitution who present with acute benzodiazepine intoxication and are given naloxone may develop severe opioid withdrawal while still obtunded from benzodiazepines. This situation can be difficult to manage, and these patients may be at increased risk of vomiting while still unable to protect their airway. Fortunately, the short half-life of naloxone means that the situation is generally short-lived. Naloxone should never be withheld from patients with life-threatening respiratory depression where opioids may be contributing, particularly in community and prehospital settings; however, where appropriate clinical experience exists, naloxone should ideally be administered in small incremental intravenous doses with close monitoring of respiratory function. Increased awareness of the potential risks of naloxone in opioid-dependent patients acutely intoxicated with benzodiazepines may reduce the risk of iatrogenic harm in an already very vulnerable population.
Novel prime-boost immune-based therapy inhibiting both hepatitis B and D virus infections
Authors: Burm Rani , Maravelia Panagiota , Ahlen Gustaf , Ciesek Sandra , Caro Perez Noelia , Pasetto Anna , Urban Stephan , Van Houtte Freya , Verhoye Lieven , Wedemeyer Heiner , Johansson Magnus , Frelin Lars , Sällberg Matti , Meuleman Philip
Published: August 2022

Objective

Chronic HBV/HDV infections are a major cause of liver cancer. Current treatments can only rarely eliminate HBV and HDV. Our previously developed preS1-HDAg immunotherapy could induce neutralising antibodies to HBV in vivo and raise HBV/HDV-specific T-cells. Here, we further investigate if a heterologous prime-boost strategy can circumvent T-cell tolerance and preclude HDV superinfection in vivo.

Design

A DNA prime-protein boost strategy was evaluated for immunogenicity in mice and rabbits. Its ability to circumvent T-cell tolerance was assessed in immunocompetent hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-transgenic mice. Neutralisation of HBV and HDV was evaluated both in vitro and in immunodeficient human-liver chimeric mice upon adoptive transfer.

Results

The prime-boost strategy elicits robust HBV/HDV-specific T-cells and preS1-antibodies that can effectively prevent HBV and HDV (co-)infection in vitro and in vivo. In a mouse model representing the chronic HBsAg carrier state, active immunisation primes high levels of preS1-antibodies and HDAg-specific T-cells. Moreover, transfer of vaccine-induced antibodies completely protects HBV-infected human-liver chimeric mice from HDV superinfection.

Conclusion

The herein described preS1-HDAg immunotherapy is shown to be immunogenic and vaccine-induced antibodies are highly effective at preventing HBV and HDV (super)infection both in vitro and in vivo. Our vaccine can complement current and future therapies for the control of chronic HBV and HDV infection.
Income and cigarette price responsiveness: evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Anh , Nguyen Hoang The
Published: August 2022

Background

Vietnam has an ad valorem tobacco excise structure, with the tax base being factory gate price, making the excise susceptible to tax avoidance and less effective in reducing tobacco use. To address these issues, therefore, the government has considered switching to a mixed system in which a specific rate would be imposed on every cigarette pack in addition to the existing ad valorem rate. However, little is known about how smokers with different incomes respond to price increases in Vietnam, raising the concern of regressivity of the tax reform.

Objectives

This paper aims to provide timely and more updated evidence to support policy discussion on tobacco excise tax reform.

Methods

The study relies on the smokers’ stated preferences, which are elicited from the Tobacco Consumption Survey in Vietnam in 2017–2018. We use data on actual purchases and the stated maximum prices that smokers are willing to pay for their cigarette brands to calculate conditional price elasticity at the individual level. Regression analysis then is used to quantify the extent to which income and other socioeconomic characteristics shape the smokers’ price sensitivity.

Results

Both the individual incomes and household incomes have negative and significant effects on the price elasticity of conditional demand for cigarettes. This effect is particularly strong after taking the product heterogeneity into account by considering only the most popular brand, but becomes smaller when looking at a more heterogeneous market by excluding that brand from the original sample. The magnitude of the impact of income adjusted for cigarette price is much higher than unadjusted income. The implication is that with sufficiently large variation in price across cigarette brands, which are often the case for countries with ad valorem tobacco excise tax structures, the low-income smokers may not be more sensitive to cigarette price than the high-income smokers so that a uniform percentage increase does not necessarily result in larger consumption fall for the low-income smokers. Narrowing the price gaps between cigarette brands by adding a specific tax component can help address this issue.

Conclusion

Raising tobacco tax can make the tax policy more progressive and benefit the poor more than the rich in Vietnam. Thus, the Government of Vietnam should switch from the current, purely ad valorem excise tax structure to the mixed system to reduce price variation and make the tobacco tax more progressive.
A novel definition of complexity in torsion based theory
Authors: Bhatti M. Z. , Yousaf Z. , Hanif S.
Published: August 2022

Despite coming across quite effective definitions of complexity in terms of many modified theories of gravity, it still has a question about its existence in f(T) gravity, where the torsion scalar T is accountable for gravitational impacts. The emergence of complexity factor is due to division of intrinsic curvature in an orthogonal way as described by Herrera (Phys Rev D 97:044010, 2018). To initiate the analysis, we reckon the interior region is like a spherically symmetric static configuration filled by the locally anisotropic fluid and exteriorly associated with a spherical hypersurface. In this framework, we acquire the f(T) field equations and utilize the already formulated relationship between the intrinsic curvature and the conformal tensor to perform our analysis. We bring into action the definitions of the two frequently availed masses (Tolman and Misner–Sharp) for spherical composition and investigate the appealing correlation between them and the conformal tensor. The impact of the local anisotropy and the homogeneity and inhomogeneity of energy density has substantial importance in this regard. We build up some relation in terms of already defined variables and interpret the complexity as a single scalar $$Y_{TF}$$

Y

TF

. It deduce that this factor vanished when the fluid content is homogenous and also when the impact of two anisotropic terms cancel out in the case of inhomogeneous fluid content. We determine a few definite interior solutions which fulfill the criterion of vanishing scalar $$Y_{TF}$$

Y

TF

. Certain defined ideas in fulfillment of the vanishing complexity factor constraint, are applied for f(T) gravity.
SSD Optimization Model Based on Shallow Feature Fusion
Authors: Yang Zhe , Bu Zi-Yu , Liu Chun-Ping
Published: August 2022

Object detection has been an important research branch in the field of computer vision. The single-shot-detection (SSD) is an object detection model based on deep learning, which can achieve a good balance between the detection accuracy and the detection speed, but has the problem of poor recognition accuracy for small objects. To address this limitation, this paper improves the structure of the SSD feature pyramid and up-samples the shallow feature map with small object information and fuses it with the upper feature map, thus enhancing the ability of the shallow feature map to represent detailed information. In this way, not only the overall detection accuracy of the SSD is improved, but also a relatively high detection speed is maintained. The proposed model is verified by experiments on two common datasets, the Pascal VOC and MS COCO datasets. On the Pascal VOC07+12, MS COCO14, and VOC07+12+COCO datasets, the improved model achieves the mean average precision values of 80.1% (+3.3% compared with the conventional model), 49.9% (+6.8%), and 82.1% (+3.0%), respectively. Meanwhile, the proposed model can achieve the detection speed of 42.2 frames per second.
DIGITAL BUSINESS MODEL TYPES: UNDERSTANDING THEIR MECHANISMS AS RECIPES TO COMMERCIALISE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: REMANÉ GERRIT , SCHNEIDER SABRINA , HANELT ANDRÉ
Published: August 2022

The increasingly digital business landscape has created manifold novel opportunities as well as threats to traditional business models. In consequence, a broad variety of digital business models emerged. Powerful tools and managerial guidance on how to shape digital strategies in this volatile and uncertain terrain are sought-after, but remain rare. Building on an analysis of the world’s top-1.000 venture funded technology startups over the last decade, we identify 49 novel business model types that describe firms as vendors of digitally enabled products and services, as providers of resources and capabilities for digital business, and as facilitators of intermediation. Furthermore, we identify the novelties of these digital business models types in their components, i.e., value proposition as well as their value creation, delivery, and capture processes. The result is a recipe collection of novel mechanisms to guide and inspire other firms when commercialising digital technologies in their business models.
Local Communities’ Willingness to Contribute Toward the Improved Water Quality of River Yamuna
Authors: Tandon Mrigakshi , Das Sukanya
Published: August 2022

Despite various government initiatives, the continual rise in the pollution levels of the River Yamuna has extensively degraded the water quality. One of the reasons to be blamed for such failures is the lack of community participation. About the above background, this study tries to estimate the local’s willingness to contribute (WTC) toward the improved water quality of River Yamuna in Delhi using the contingent valuation method, where the contribution can be made either in the form of money, time, or both for two different scenarios. The study also tries to identify the factors that will motivate people’s WTC to the clean-up program using a multinomial logit model. The results showed that most respondents were willing to contribute to the program in terms of money, time, and both as they value the cultural and provisioning services from the river. Furthermore, the result from the regression model identifies the influence of socio-demographic and perceptional characteristics of the respondents on their willingness to pay. The information presented in the study provides an insight for better understanding and planning of clean-up programs.
Creating intelligent content with lightweight DITA, by Evia, C. (2019). New York, NY: Routledge.
Authors: Tham Jason , Wilder Dana
Published: August 2022

With growing attention to "intelligent content" and "dynamic delivery" in the advent of connected technologies (i.e., Internet of Things, artificial intelligence agents), component content management and structured authoring skills are becoming increasingly required of technical communicators today. To produce reusable intelligent content, technical communicators need a systematic workflow and common authoring standard. Our experience in industry and in educating technical communicators has led us to seek out resources for understanding existing standards and practicing them with technical communication students. As such, both authors have used the Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) markup standard and experienced what may be a perplexing process in content creation and management. Carlos Evia's book,
Creating Intelligent Content with Lightweight DITA
, caught our attention as the title suggests an accessible way into learning and applying what has become a widely adopted standard for structured authoring. Understanding that Lightweight DITA (LwDITA) does not aim to replace existing DITA standards, we approach this review not with an intention to examine its viability, but rather a focus on the rhetorical work in structured content authoring and its continuous evolution.
Technical communication after the social justice turn
Authors: Itchuaqiyaq Cana Uluak
Published: August 2022

I still remember the feeling. I was beginning the 2nd year of my PhD program and was finally feeling like I had an understanding of what being a technical communication scholar means. I was also starting to feel critical of our field---wondering if I, an Indigenous scholar from rural Alaska, would find a meaningful place in technical and professional communication (TPC). I was at the grocery store and my phone dinged; I had received an email from Natasha Jones. She and her coauthors were writing a book and wanted to include a list of multiply marginalized and underrepresented (MMU) scholars to amplify in its pages. They asked if I wanted to be part of their list and if I knew others who should be added. I emailed back immediately thanking them, consenting, and gave them my friends Zarah Moeggenberg and Les Hutchinson's names. I paid for my groceries, walked out to my truck, and cried.
QuintEssence:A Probe Study to Explore the Power of Smell on Emotions, Memories, and Body Image in Daily Life
Authors: Brianza Giada , Benjamin Jesse , Cornelio Patricia , Maggioni Emanuela , Obrist Marianna
Published: August 2022

Previous research has shown the influence of smell on emotions, memories, and body image. However, most of this work has taken place in laboratory settings and little is known about the influence of smell in real-world environments. In this article, we present novel insights gained from a field study investigating the emotional effect of smell on memories and body image. Taking inspiration from the cultural design probes approach, we designed QuintEssence, a probe package that includes three scents and materials to complete three tasks over a period of four weeks. Here, we describe the design of QuintEssence and the main findings based on the outcomes of the three tasks and a final individual interview. The findings show similar results between participants based on the scent. For example, with cinnamon, participants experienced feelings of warmth, coziness, happiness, and relaxation; they recalled blurred memories of past moments about themselves and reported a general feeling of being calm and peaceful towards their bodies. Our findings open up new design spaces for multisensory experiences and inspire future qualitative explorations beyond laboratory boundaries.
CHAD: Combinatory Homomorphic Automatic Differentiation
Authors: Vákár Matthijs , Smeding Tom
Published: August 2022

We introduce Combinatory Homomorphic Automatic Differentiation (CHAD), a principled, pure, provably correct define-then-run method for performing forward and reverse mode automatic differentiation (AD) on programming languages with expressive features. It implements AD as a compositional, type-respecting source-code transformation that generates purely functional code. This code transformation is principled in the sense that it is the unique homomorphic (structure preserving) extension to expressive languages of Elliott’s well-known and unambiguous definitions of AD for a first-order functional language. Correctness of the method follows by a (compositional) logical relations argument that shows that the semantics of the syntactic derivative is the usual calculus derivative of the semantics of the original program.

In their most elegant formulation, the transformations generate code with linear types. However, the code transformations can be implemented in a standard functional language lacking linear types: While the correctness proof requires tracking of linearity, the actual transformations do not. In fact, even in a standard functional language, we can get all of the type-safety that linear types give us: We can implement all linear types used to type the transformations as abstract types by using a basic module system.

In this article, we detail the method when applied to a simple higher-order language for manipulating statically sized arrays. However, we explain how the methodology applies, more generally, to functional languages with other expressive features. Finally, we discuss how the scope of CHAD extends beyond applications in AD to other dynamic program analyses that accumulate data in a commutative monoid.
Designing Technology-Mediated Peer Support for Postgraduate Research Students at Risk of Loneliness and Isolation
Authors: Harrison Daniel , Rowland Scarlett , Wood Gavin , Bakewell Lyndsey , Petridis Ioannis , Long Kiel , Vasileiou Konstantina , Barnett Julie , Barreto Manuela , Wilson Michael , Lawson Shaun , Vines John
Published: August 2022

Student mental health and wellbeing have come under increased scrutiny in recent years. Postgraduate research (PGR) students are at risk of experiencing mental health concerns and this, with the often isolated and competitive nature of their work, can impact their sense of community and social connectedness. In response to these concerns, we designed Pears, a system to connect PGR students for regular “pearings” (in-person meetings) and provide activities to promote reflection and conversation. A four-week evaluation of Pears with 15 students highlighted its potential to sometimes, but not always, facilitate peer support. Some participants would instead meet formally and according to their needs, others instead used the system to make new social connections. Additionally, some participants who faced work-related difficulties during the study found using the system contributed to their stress levels. We conclude by noting how technologies that encourage peer support can help build social relationships, providing an avenue to share similar PhD experiences and guidance for those new to the experience, while importantly raising awareness and an understanding for the need to take time for self-care. However, these technologies must be utilised carefully, and are not a replacement for other sources of student support in universities.
Crowdsourcing Truth Inference Based on Label Confidence Clustering
Authors: Wu Gongqing , Zhou Liangzhu , Xia Jiazhu , Li Lei , Bao Xianyu , Wu Xindong
Published: August 2022

Truth inference can help solve some difficult problems of data integration in crowdsourcing. Crowdsourced workers are not experts and their labeling ability varies greatly; therefore, in practical applications, it is difficult to determine whether the labels collected from a crowdsourcing platform are correct. This article proposes a novel algorithm called truth inference based on label confidence clustering (TILCC) to improve the quality of integrated labels for the single-choice classification problem in crowdsourcing labeling tasks. We obtain the label confidence via worker reliability, which is calculated from multiple noise labels using a truth discovery method, and then we generate the clustering features and use the K-means algorithm to cluster all the tasks intoKdifferent clusters. Each cluster corresponds to a specific class, and the tasks in the cluster are assigned a label. Compared with the performances of six state-of-the-art methods, MV, ZenCrowd, PM, CATD, GLAD, and GTIC, on 12 randomly selected real-world datasets, the performance of our algorithm showed many advantages: no need to set complex parameters, faster running speed, and significantly higher accuracy.
Linking Audience Physiology to Choreography
Authors: Han Jiawen , Chernyshov George , Sugawa Moe , Zheng Dingding , Hynds Danny , Furukawa Taichi , Padovani Macieira Marcelo , Marky Karola , Minamizawa Kouta , Ward Jamie A. , Kunze Kai
Published: August 2022

The use of wearable sensor technology opens up exciting avenues for both art and HCI research, providing new ways to explore the invisible link between audience and performer. To be effective, such work requires close collaboration between performers and researchers. In this article, we report on the co-design process and research insights from our work integrating physiological sensing and live performance. We explore the connection between the audience’s physiological data and their experience during the performance, analyzing a multi-modal dataset collected from 98 audience members. We identify notable moments based on HRV and EDA, and show how the audience’s physiological responses can be linked to the choreography. The longitudinal changes in HRV features suggest a strong connection to the choreographer’s intended narrative arc, while EDA features appear to correspond with short-term audience responses to dramatic moments. We discuss the physiological phenomena and implications for designing feedback systems and interdisciplinary collaborations.
Generating extractive sentiment summaries for natural language user queries on products
Authors: Gao Siqi , Ng Yiu-Kai
Published: August 2022

Multi-document sentiment analysis is an important natural language processing problem. Summaries generated by these analyzers can greatly reduce the time necessary to read a collection of topically-related documents to locate the desired information needs of a user. With the ever-increasing globalization and technology of the modern day, analysis of online user reviews on different products is an especially pertinent application of the aforementioned problem. At present there are way too many user reviews on popular products for potential buyers to spend adequate time to read and extract the most salient product details and opinions of previous buyers. In solving this problem, we propose a fully-automated summarizer to reduce the workload of online customers. The proposed system takes a user query and extracts the most relevant and essential comments made by individual reviewers. As opposed to existing multi-document summarization approaches, our summarizer compiles comprehensive reviews by extracting important facets and sentiment information based on various sentence features rather than applying complex machine learning algorithms. The design of our summarizer is easy to understand and implement, without the required massive training data and excessive training time. The conducted empirical study shows that the proposed summarization system outperforms current state-of-the-art multi-document sentiment summarization approaches.
Beyond Predatory Peace
Authors: Braithwaite John
Published: August 2022

This autobiographical review is about a research life unusually oriented to the long-term study of organizational crime, peace, and crisis prevention. Most ambitions proved half-baked. Hopes for a more sweeping macrocriminology of freedom will doubtless remain half-baked when cooking ceases. None of the author's mentors bear responsibility for the mess left in the kitchen from attempts to understand how to grow freedom and prevent crime and war. Messy kitchens must sometimes become even messier before they create the best kind of challenge for the tidier minds that clean them up.
Cophylogenetic Methods to Untangle the Evolutionary History of Ecological Interactions
Authors: Dismukes Wade , Braga Mariana P. , Hembry David H. , Heath Tracy A. , Landis Michael J.
Published: August 2022

Myriad branches in the tree of life are intertwined through ecological relationships. Biologists have long hypothesized that intimate symbioses between lineages can influence diversification patterns to the extent that it leaves a topological imprint on the phylogenetic trees of interacting clades. Over the past few decades, cophylogenetic methods development has provided a toolkit for identifying such histories of codiversification, yet it is often difficult to determine which tools best suit the task at hand. In this review, we organize currently available cophylogenetic methods into three categories—pattern-based statistics, event-scoring methods, and more recently developed generative model–based methods—and discuss their assumptions and appropriateness for different types of cophylogenetic questions. We classify cophylogenetic systems based on their biological properties to provide a framework for empiricists investigating the macroevolution of symbioses. In addition, we provide recommendations for the next generation of cophylogenetic models that we hope will facilitate further methods development.
Financing Health Care Delivery
Authors: Gruber Jonathan
Published: August 2022

I review the key issues that arise in financing health care delivery. I begin by documenting the key features of health care markets that make financing so central in this sector, such as the skewed and unpredictable nature of health care spending and market failures in health care delivery. I then review the key issues that public and private payers face in designing health care markets, from the proper mix of public and private provision to the role of risk bearing for consumers and providers. Finally, I illustrate how these issues manifest in practice by comparing the design of insurance systems in the United States and Canada.
Genome Maintenance in Mammalian Stem Cells
Authors: Schimenti John C. , Huang Rui , Li Liangdao , James Ryan
Published: August 2022

Various stem cells in the body are tasked with maintaining tissue homeostasis throughout the life of an organism and thus must be resilient to intrinsic and extrinsic challenges such as infection and injury. Crucial to these challenges is genome maintenance because a high mutational load and persistent DNA lesions impact the production of essential gene products at proper levels and compromise optimal stem cell renewal and differentiation. Genome maintenance requires a robust and well-regulated DNA damage response suited to maintaining specific niches and tissues. In this review, we explore the similarities and differences between diverse stem cell types derived from (or preceding) all germ layers, including extraembryonic tissues. These cells utilize different strategies, including implementation of robust repair mechanisms, modulation of cell cycle checkpoints best suited to eliminating compromised cells, minimization of cell divisions, and differentiation in response to excessive damage.
Exchange of Plankton, Pollutants, and Particles Across the Nearshore Region
Authors: Moulton Melissa , Suanda Sutara H. , Garwood Jessica C. , Kumar Nirnimesh , Fewings Melanie R. , Pringle James M.
Published: August 2022

Exchange of material across the nearshore region, extending from the shoreline to a few kilometers offshore, determines the concentrations of pathogens and nutrients near the coast and the transport of larvae, whose cross-shore positions influence dispersal and recruitment. Here, we describe a framework for estimating the relative importance of cross-shore exchange mechanisms, including winds, Stokes drift, rip currents, internal waves, and diurnal heating and cooling. For each mechanism, we define an exchange velocity as a function of environmental conditions. The exchange velocity applies for organisms that keep a particular depth due to swimming or buoyancy. A related exchange diffusivity quantifies horizontal spreading of particles without enough vertical swimming speed or buoyancy to counteract turbulent velocities. This framework provides a way to determinewhich processes are important for cross-shore exchange for a particular study site, time period, and particle behavior.
Hard Carbon Derived from Avocado Peels as a High-Capacity, Fast Na+ Diffusion Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Genier Francielli Silva , Pathreeker Shreyas , Schuarca Robson Luis , Islam Mohammad , Hosein Ian Dean
Published: August 2022

Deriving battery grade materials from natural sources is a key element to establishing sustainable energy storage technologies. In this work, we present the use of avocado peels as a sustainable source for conversion into hard carbon-based anodes for sodium ion batteries. The avocado peels are simply washed and dried then proceeded to a high temperature conversion step. Materials characterization reveals conversion of the avocado peels in high purity, highly porous hard carbon powders. When prepared as anode materials they show to the capability to reversibly store and release sodium ions. The hard carbon-based electrodes exhibit excellent cycling performance, namely, a reversible capacity of 352.55 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1, rate capability up to 86 mAh g−1 at 3500 mA g−1, capacity retention of >90%, and 99.9% coulombic efficiencies after 500 cycles. Cyclic voltammetry studies indicated that the storage process was diffusion-limited, with diffusion coefficient of 8.62 × 10−8 cm2 s−1. This study demonstrates avocado derived hard carbon as a sustainable source that can provide excellent electrochemical and battery performance as anodes in sodium ion batteries.
Residential Environment Pollution Monitoring System Based on Cloud Computing and Internet of Things
Authors: Mi Jing , Sun Xinghua , Zhang Shihui , Liu Naidi
Published: August 2022

In order to solve the problems of single monitoring factor, weak comprehensive analysis ability, and poor real time performance in traditional environmental monitoring systems, a research method of residential environment pollution monitoring system based on cloud computing and Internet of Things is proposed. The method mainly includes two parts: an environmental monitoring terminal and an environmental pollution monitoring and management platform. Through the Wi-Fi module, the data is sent to the environmental pollution monitoring and management platform in real time. The environmental monitoring management platform is mainly composed of environmental pollution monitoring server, web server, and mobile terminal. The results are as follows. The data measured by the system is close to the data measured by the instrument, and the overall error is small. The measurement error of harmful gases is about 6%. PM 2.5 is about 6.5%. Noise is about 1%. The average time for sensor data update is 0.762 s. The average alarm response time is 2 s. The average data transfer time is 2 s. Practice has proved that the environmental pollution monitoring and alarm system operates stably and can realize real-time collection and transmission of data such as noise, PM 2.5, harmful gas concentration, illumination, GPS, and video images, providing a reliable guarantee for timely environmental pollution control.
Parallel CD19/CD20 CAR-Activated T-Cells Are More Effective for Refractory B-Cell Lymphoma In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Yin Yuzhen , Zhang Pengchao , He Ling , Guo Xianling , Wang Hui , Li Jun , Xu Qing
Published: August 2022

Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells are an effective treatment for refractory B-cell lymphoma, but CD19 deletion is prone to relapse. We conducted this study to find more effective dual CAR19/20 T-cells to target B-cell lymphoma and prevent antigen loss leading to recurrence. In this study, we transduced CD19 and CD20 CARs into human T cells in parallel and compared parallel dual CAR19/20, single CAR, and tandem CAR19/20 in vitro and in vivo. After transduction with the corresponding vectors, CD19 and CD20 CARs were dually expressed in human T cells. It was observed that parallel CAR19/20 T-cells contained a substantial proportion of naive subpopulations and were able to proliferate in vitro. Treatment with parallel CAR19/20, single CAR, or tandem CAR19/20 T-cells sustainably induced complete lysis of leukemia cells in a 5 : 1 ratio. Compared with single or tandem CAR T-cell-transplanted mice, parallel CAR19/20 T-cell-transplanted mice exhibited smaller tumor volume, more stable body weight, and longer survival. This suggests that parallel CAR19/20 has superior antilymphoma activity in vivo. In addition, parallel CAR19/20 T-cells were also able to kill patients’ lymphoma cells in vitro. Therefore, it can be considered that parallel CAR19/20 is equally effective against single CAR and tandem CAR19/20 in vitro but more effective against lymphoma cells in vivo. This is a promising treatment to prevent the recurrence of antigen loss following CD19-targeted therapy in B lymphoma.
Radiomic Signature Based on Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Evaluation of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Tang Yanqiu , Chen Lin , Qiao Yating , Li Weifeng , Deng Rong , Liang Mengdi
Published: August 2022

Background. To construct and validate a radiomic-based model for estimating axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis in patients with breast cancer by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Methods. In this retrospective study, a radiomic-based model was established in a training cohort of 236 patients with breast cancer. Radiomic features were extracted from breast DCE-MRI scans. A method named the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was applied to select radiomic features based on highly reproducible features. A radiomic signature was built by a support vector machine (SVM). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was adopted to establish a clinical characteristic-based model. The performance of models was analysed through discrimination ability and clinical benefits. Results. The radiomic signature comprised 6 features related to ALN metastasis and showed significant differences between the patients with ALN metastasis and without ALN metastasis (P<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the radiomic model was 0.990 and 0.858, respectively, in the training and validation sets. The clinical feature-based model, including MRI-reported status and palpability, performed slightly worse, with an AUC of 0.784 in the training cohort and 0.789 in the validation cohort. The radiomic signature was confirmed to provide more clinical benefits by decision curve analysis. Conclusions. The radiomic-based model developed in this study can successfully diagnose the status of lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer, which may reduce unnecessary invasive clinical operations.