bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating Organization Dynamics: The Real-World Example of Condominium Life in Sicily During the COVID-19 Era in Late 2022-2023
Authors: Fucà Romina , Cubico Serena
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented challenges, especially in shared living environments. This study explores the behavior of 39 residents, aged 17 to 91, in a Sicilian condominium, focusing on adherence to socio-juridical mandates and sanitation protocols in communal spaces post-2020 pandemic. The research builds on a previous study that examined the impact of COVID-19 during the first wave, considering factors such as meeting cancellations, social distancing, and mask mandates. The objective is to understand how these factors influenced collective decision-making during and after the pandemic and to assess the alignment of individual actions with collective goals. The present quantitative analysis investigates the trade-offs in collective decision-making, emphasizing the role of shared responsibility in mitigating risks and fostering cooperation. This study underscores the importance of condominium administrators and legal support in promoting cooperative dynamics and socio-juridical precautions for economic resilience. Metrics such as β** (ratio of individual benefit to community benefit) and θ** (ratio of individual self-interest) are introduced to quantify their impact on decision-making processes and societal norms. Finally, this research highlights the significance of coordinated efforts and the need for effective socio-juridical frameworks to enhance communal living and ensure collective well-being during crises.
Derrida's Postmodern Thought and Religious Education
Authors: Moon Eun
Published: June 2024

Today the learners breathe in the atmosphere of postmodern thoughts. In this sense it is meaningful to deal with a postmodern thinker’s philosophy more closely. This work contributes to understand the learners’ intellectual environment deeply in the current postmodern society. Through this, educators can find the way to enrich learners’ epistemological and existential soil and can do this more appropriate way. In particular, Jacques Derrida's thoughts on deconstruction and différance offer profound insights for religious education in the postmodern era. In addition, his understanding of gift, forgiveness, and hospitality enriches the content of religious education and invites teachers and learners to a more responsible life, in that, for Derrida, responsibility connotes response ability. In this paper, I explore Derrida's thoughts on deconstruction, différance, gift, forgiveness, and hospitality. After investigating Derrida's thoughts, I present a framework for imagination-centered religious education that bridges between Derrida's thoughts and religious education. Here I propose three forms of imagination as the outline of imagination-centered religious education: constructive, empathetic, and visionary imagination. Finally, I revisit Derrida's thoughts from the perspective of the three imaginations and bring them into dialogue with one another. Through this I seek to enrich both Derrida's thoughts and religious education and to elicit helpful implications for religious education. The methods of this paper mostly rely on books and theses around the main issues. I hope that this study contributes to the nurturing of the next generation in the contemporary postmodern, globalizing, fourth industrial, and new normal era.
Rare Clinically Significant Idiosyncratic Drug Induced Liver Injury Caused by Low Dose Atorvastatin: Time for a New Approach to Surveillance and Risk Identification
Authors: Adetiloye Adebola , Badero Olurotimi
Published: June 2024

Background: Atorvastatin is a member of the class of cholesterol lowering drugs called statins, which works by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. Statins are used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in individuals who have risk factors or a history of cardiovascular disease. While atorvastatin is generally well-tolerated, like all statins, it can have some adverse effects, including Drug induced liver injury (DILI) which is rare and often dose related. However, there is scarcity of reports on symptomatic DILI occurring in patients on low dose statin and normal baseline liver function test. This case adds to the growing body of literature on the potential idiosyncratic, non-dose related adverse effects associated with atorvastatin therapy. Case report: A 69-year-old woman with history of Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, Prediabetes, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) presented to her Primary care Physician (PCP) for regular follow up. Her Lipid panel in the last 1 year has been suboptimal with her Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score between 12.0-15.1% despite lifestyle modification. Patient was started on 10 mg of Atorvastatin daily after documenting normal baseline liver function test. Fifty-six days later, patient presented to the PCP’s office with symptoms of fatigue, nausea and, right upper abdominal pain for 3 days. She had right upper abdominal tenderness and was mildly icteric. Based on her PCPs suspicion for DILI, she was advised to discontinue atorvastatin and transferred to the emergency room for further evaluation. In the Emergency room her vitals remained stable. Liver Ultrasound showed normal sized liver with features of hepatic steatosis. Laboratory analysis showed elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) greater than 16 times Upper limit of normal (ULN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) greater than 9 times ULN, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) elevation was less than 2 times ULN suggesting hepatocellular pattern. She was seen by a hepatologist 1 week later and other etiologies of acute hepatitis were ruled out. Over the course of 4 weeks, her symptoms completely resolved and liver function tests continued to improve. Forty-six days after Atorvastatin was discontinued, her aminotransaminases returned to normal levels. Conclusion: Although DILI is usually dose dependent, this case emphasizes the need for constant monitoring of liver function test of patients on low dose statins including patients with normal baseline liver function test. Personalized medical approach involving validated predictive score for DILI may become increasingly important in tailoring statin therapy to minimize the risk of adverse effects.
Major Psychological Factors Affecting Short Distance Athlete’s Performance in Hadiya Zone Athletics Projects
Authors: Taramo Abraham , Abosha Israel
Published: June 2024

This study is explored the major psychological factors like personality and anxiety affects short distance athlete’s performance of Hadiya Zone athletics projects. The researcher was used both probability and non-probability sampling technique. Used stratified sampling techniques for athletes and available / census for all coaches and sport experts. The population of the study consisted of athletes (n=83), coaches (n=4) and all sport experts (n=8). The study employed the Cross-sectional survey design. Data were analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statics methods were employed. Personality and anxiety psychological factors were assessed by using the Inventory, standard questionnaire. Athlete’s athletic performance was assessed by document analysis. Descriptive Statistics percentage, standard deviation, mean were used for assessing back ground information, the current anxiety level and influence personality factors. Multiple regression coefficients from inferential statics were used to show the influence of major psychological factors on athlete’s performance. The finding of this study indicates the current anxiety level with aggregate mean (M=3.147) implies moderate, and influence of personality factors on this study with aggregate mean (M=3.142) shows that moderate. And, also athletic anxiety and personality factors on performance of athletes’ multiple regression coefficient results indicates, by 40.1% of variance (R2=.165, F = 8.194, *p <.05) predict athletes’ performance.
Study on Excavation Stability of Loess Tunnel in Geological Weak Areas Exploring Excavation Stability of Loess Tunnels in Geologically Vulnerable Regions
Authors: Luo Aizhong , Fang Juan , Chen Changlu , Hu Biao
Published: June 2024

As western development progresses, extensive infrastructure construction can be conducted in the Loess Region. During infrastructure construction, particularly in tunnel excavation, traversing through extensive loess formations poses a significant challenge. It is imperative to ensure the stability and integrity of the tunnel while crossing weak geological zones in loess regions. This issue should be comprehensively addressed during tunnel construction. Geological and numerical analyses were employed to analyze the impact of weak geological areas on loess tunnel excavation. These analyses focused on the mechanisms of weak geology and assessed the efficacy of advanced support measures in loess tunnel construction, specifically addressing the issues encountered within weak geological zones during the construction process. First, we examined the formation mechanism of weak geological zones in loess, which is primarily attributed to water infiltration. Subsequently, based on this formation mechanism, a finite difference numerical analysis was utilized to investigate the potential failure modes of loess tunnels passing through weak geological zones. The destruction of the tunnel in the weak geological zone resulted from sliding erosion of the surface soil, leading to the complete collapse of the soil above the tunnel. During tunneling through weak geological zones, The soil in front of the excavation initially exhibited instability, causing the overall subsidence of the entire weak band, with the formation of a trap on the surface. Finally, the effectiveness of treatment measures was assessed according to the failure pattern of the loess tunnel in the weak geological zone. The analysis results indicated that with the implementation of appropriate advanced reinforcement measures, successful crossing can be achieved during the construction of a loess tunnel traversing the weak geological zone.
The Neuroscientific Validation of the Leadership Competency Model Drenica
Authors: Çitaku Fadil , Ramadani Hetem
Published: June 2024

The Leadership Competency Model Drenica, developed by Çitaku and Ramadani in 2020, offers a comprehensive framework encompassing essential competencies crucial for effective leadership. However, validating the efficacy of these competencies necessitates exploring their neuroscientific underpinnings. This study conducted an extensive literature review to elucidate the neural mechanisms associated with each competency outlined in the Drenica model. The findings reveal a robust neuroscientific basis supporting these competencies, ranging from decision-making to communication and collaboration. Key neuroscientific validations include the role of prefrontal cortex activity and neurotransmitter balance in decision-making, the involvement of neural circuits in language processing and empathy for communication skills, and the contribution of neuroplasticity mechanisms to continuous learning and adaptability. Furthermore, the analysis underscores the importance of neurotransmitter systems such as dopamine, serotonin, and oxytocin in shaping leadership behaviors across various competencies. Understanding the neural substrates of effective leadership allows organizations to tailor leadership development programs to enhance organizational outcomes and foster a culture of innovation and inclusivity. Integrating neuroscience into leadership studies holds promise for advancing the understanding of leadership effectiveness and facilitating evidence-based practices in leadership development. In essence, this study underscores the significance of the Drenica model as a versatile tool for leadership development, enriched by neuroscientific insights, thus paving the way for Neuoleadership—a paradigm that leverages neuroscientific principles to cultivate effective leadership behaviors and drive organizational success.
An Integral-like Numerical Approach for Solving Burgers’ Equation
Authors: Kanoksirirath Somrath
Published: June 2024

The Burgers’ equation, commonly appeared in the study of turbulence, fluid dynamics, shock waves, and continuum mechanics, is a crucial part of the dynamical core of any numerical weather model, influencing simulated meteorological phenomena. While past studies have suggested several robust numerical approaches for solving the equation, many are too complicated for practical adaptation and too computationally expensive for operational deployment. This paper introduces an unconventional approach based on spline polynomial interpolations and the Hopf-Cole transformation. Using Taylor expansion to approximate the exponential term in the Hopf-Cole transformation, the analytical solution of the simplified equation is discretized to form our proposed scheme. The scheme is explicit and adaptable for parallel computing, although certain types of boundary conditions need to be employed implicitly. Three distinct test cases were utilized to evaluate its accuracy, parallel scalability, and numerical stability. In the aspect of accuracy, the schemes employed cubic and quintic spline interpolation perform equally well, managing to reduce the ӏ1, ӏ2, and ӏ∞ error norms down to the order of 10−4. Parallel scalability observed in the weak-scaling experiment depends on time step size but is generally as good as any explicit scheme. The stability condition is ν∆t/∆x2 > 0.02, including the viscosity coefficient ν due to the Hopf-Cole transformation step. From the stability condition, the schemes can run at a large time step size ∆t even when using a small grid spacing ∆x, emphasizing its suitability for practical applications such as numerical weather prediction.
Self-Use of Aspirin Among Mothers in Management of Fever in Children Khartoum, Sudan 2022
Authors: Babiker Esra , Ibrahim Rowida , Haj Fatima Abdalla , Magbol Mustafa , Nour Israa , Elyas Ikhlas
Published: June 2024

Background: Fever is one of the most frequent symptoms of disease in childhood and a common cause of emergency admissions in infants and children. Aspirin is salicylic acid and is used to treat pain and fever. Aspirin should not be administrated to a child under 16 years old of age because it might lead to a serious and sometime fatal condition in children called Reye’s syndrome. Reye syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal pediatric illness defined as acute noninflammatory encephalopathy with fatty liver failure. Objective: To assess attitude and practice among mothers towards self-use of aspirin in management of fever in children under 5 years and its complication in Dar-alsalam almaghariba. Method: A descriptive, cross- sectional community-based study applied in sample size of 195 using non probability convenience sampling method, among mothers in Dar-alslam almaghariba area in February 2022. The data was collected by interview questionnaire. Which include sociodemographic data, close end questions contain 21 questions about knowledge, attitude and practice of self-use of aspirin, Data analysis was done by SPSS program and Microsoft excel. Results: the study report that (41.5%) of the respondents aged more than 40 years, (95,9%) of them were married, (75.4%) were housewife, (20%) were employee, (2.1%) were students and (2.6%) work, Majority of mother (87.2%) measured children’s temperature when felt subjectively rises by touch, irrespective to their beliefs about home management of fever (73.8%) used antipyretics. most of them know about complications of high-grade fever (93.8%) said high grade fever can cause convulsions. About (97.9%) of the participants know Aspirin and most of them (48.7%) get it from booth. Most of the participants (65.1%) used aspirin to lower temperature of their children, about (78.5%) of mothers know how to use aspirin. Majority of mothers (71.8%) don't know the side effect of the irrational aspirin to the children, about (96.4%) don't heard of Reye’s syndrome. Conclusion: Study concludes nearly all mothers used aspirin without prescription to reduce children’s body temperature, mothers’ awareness about hazardous use of aspirin and the Reye’s syndrome is extremely low, there is relation between low level of education and irrational use of aspirin by mothers. Ministry of health should increase the awareness of mothers about complications of aspirin aimed at eradication of the practice.
Medical Physics in Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: John Makoye , Mina Jesu
Published: June 2024

Medical physics plays a crucial role in the field of cancer treatment, encompassing various techniques and technologies that aid in diagnosis, treatment planning, and delivery. This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough examination of the innovations, challenges, and future directions in medical physics as it pertains to cancer treatment. The review begins by discussing the fundamental principles and concepts of medical physics relevant to cancer treatment. It explores the use of radiation therapy, imaging techniques, and other medical physics technologies that contribute to accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Key advancements in medical physics for cancer treatment are then examined, including the development of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), and proton therapy. These innovations have significantly improved treatment precision, reduced side effects, and enhanced patient outcomes. However, along with these advancements come challenges that need to be addressed. The review identifies challenges such as the need for improved radiation dose calculation algorithms, optimization techniques for treatment planning, and quality assurance protocols to ensure patient safety. Additionally, issues related to cost-effectiveness, access to advanced medical physics technologies, and training of medical physicists are discussed. Thus, this comprehensive review underscores the pivotal role of medical physics in cancer treatment. By examining innovations, challenges, and future directions, it provides valuable insights into the advancements that have revolutionized cancer care, the hurdles that need to be overcome, and the potential for further advancements in the field of medical physics. Understanding and addressing these aspects will lead to improved cancer treatment outcomes and enhanced patient care.
Children’s Health Lifestyles and the Perpetuation of Inequalities
Authors: Mollborn Stefanie , Pace Jennifer A. , Rigles Bethany
Published: June 2024

Health lifestyles are a well-theorized mechanism perpetuating health and social inequalities, but empirical research has not yet documented crucial aspects: (1) health lifestyles’ collective nature or content beyond behaviors and (2) how people choose among available lifestyles in their social contexts. We conducted interviews, observations, and focus groups with families in two middle- to upper-middle-class communities. Contemporary class-privileged parenting involves constructing an individualized health lifestyle reliant on an expansive understanding of health and composed of parents’ identities and narratives, children’s health behaviors and identity expressions, and community norms. Children’s predominant health lifestyles in our sample vary by focus on parent versus child identity expression and on future achievements versus present well-being. Parents expect health lifestyles to influence future socioeconomic attainment and health inequalities. Understanding how health lifestyles encompass more than behaviors and are locally contextualized and how people choose them within structural constraints can inform research and policy.
Multi-objective optimization of weight reduction process parameters of micropolyester woven fabrics using Taguchi gray relational analysis
Authors: Almetwally Alsaid Ahmed , Elfowaty Heba M
Published: June 2024

The weight loss process variables of alkali-treated micropolyester woven fabrics were optimized and reported in this study. The gray relational analysis with the help of the Taguchi technique was efficiently used to optimize the key variables of this process. The caustic soda concentration, treatment temperature, and weight loss machine speed were considered the control or design parameters. The weight reduction percentage, air permeability, tensile strength, and thermal resistance of alkali-treated woven polyester fabrics were also considered as responses in this study. The experiments were implemented according to a 33 full factorial design. The levels of the control parameters which yield the maximum weight reduction, tensile strength, air permeability, and minimum thermal resistance of the treated polyester fabrics were found to be the sodium hydroxide concentration, and treatment temperature with the highest levels, and machine speed with the lowest level. This means that a 27% caustic soda concentration, treatment temperature of 125°C, and machine speed of 40 m/min exhibited the optimum properties of the treated micropolyester fabrics. It was also proved that the treatment temperature is the most influential factor affecting the micropolyester fabric’s properties. The confirmation test, which was carried out in this study, confirmed that the gray relational analysis improved the alkali-treated polyester fabric properties.
Enhanced broadband sound absorption of multi-layer composite material based on three-dimensional warp-knitted spacer fabric
Authors: Liu Xiao , Sheng Hui , Du Zhaoqun , Lee Heow Pueh , Zhong Yueqi
Published: June 2024

Compared with other sound-absorbing materials, spacer fabric with a “sandwich” structure has many advantages, such as light weight, an environmentally friendly production process, recyclability, versatility, low production cost and high efficiency, and strong designability of the organizational structure. However, as a porous sound-absorbing material, the effective sound-absorbing frequency band of the spacer fabric is concentrated at high frequencies, so the sound-absorbing performance needs to be improved. This paper establishes a Johnson–Champoux–Allard theoretical model by using a genetic algorithm to characterize the sound absorption performance of the three-dimensional (3D) warp-knitted spacer fabric. The theoretical model is validated through finite element analysis and experimental methods. Based on this model, two composite materials are designed to improve the sound absorption performance: (1) multi-layer spacer fabric composite material and (2) multi-layer spacer fabric-aluminum foil composite material. Numerical simulation and experimental results show that the sound absorption performance is significantly improved by widening the effective frequency band and increasing the sound absorption coefficient. The contribution of this paper is twofold. Firstly, the theoretical acoustic model of 3D warp-knitted spacer fabric is established. Secondly, the superior sound absorption performance is achieved by proposing multi-layer and multi-material composite material. The spacer fabric-based composite material has broad application prospects in the field of noise reduction and sound insulation. The paper provides a theoretical basis and more strategies for the acoustic and multifunctional design of spacer fabric in the future.
Cut-resistance of elastic high-performance composite yarn
Authors: Yang Hui , Le Yingchun , Zhang Ruobi , Zhang Jin , Wang Xiaoning , Zhang Tianjiao , Zhang Mingwen
Published: June 2024

Soft and lightweight personal protective equipment for civil or military use that is made of cut-resistant textiles is usually rigid and heavy, less elastic or flexible. Insertion of elastane fiber during the fabrication of rigid textiles seems to be working, but actually is not. Therefore, it presents a severe challenge in achieving an appropriate balance among elasticity, flexibility, and protection. To address this issue, an elastic cut-resistant composite yarn is fabricated by single wrapping ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene around elastic Spandex. The effects of wrapping parameters (including the twist, spindle speed, and yarn combination) on yarn elasticity and coverage are investigated to achieve a perfect wrapping, and the cut-resistance of the composite yarn is evaluated by using a self-improved AUTOGRAPH universal testing machine. It demonstrates that the cutting process of the composite yarn consists of four stages, the cut modulus and yarn elasticity are highly correlated with yarn structure and wrapping process parameters. The optimizing coverage and cut-resistance are achieved when the twist is 750 t/m, which is also with a high elastic recovery rate (79.79%) and low plastic deformation rate (10.11%). Groups of parallelized composite yarns with varying densities are fabricated by self-improved sample holders to simulate the cut-resistant weaving fabrics with different weaving densities, of which the cut-resistance is evaluated. The resistance against cutting varies significantly among different groups, which is directly proportional to their densities. Finally, two types of elastic cut-resistant fabrics with different structures are woven from fabricated elastic cut-resistant composite yarns practically. Both weft-backed weave and the double-layer weave fabrics have good flexibility and protection, of which the cut-resistance is level 1 and level 2, respectively. Thus, the composite yarn has an excellent elasticity and maintained cut-resistance, which is an ideal material for the production of highly elastic protective textiles.
“You Weren’t Good Enough, So Here’s a Bronze Medal”: Southeast Asian American Students and Racialized Community College Stigma
Authors: Yi Varaxy , Nauk Vanna
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aims to understand how Southeast Asian American (SEAA) community college students experience community college stigma. Methods: This phenomenological study employs AsianCrit as a framework to examine the realities of SEAA students in community college. Ten SEAA community college students underscore how racialization and community college stigma shape their self-perception and college-making decisions. Results: The findings indicate that SEAA community college students experience community college stigma in distinct ways, as shaped by the racialized contexts in which they experience stereotypes in education and in which their peers, educators, and family members inadvertently or intentionally reinforce this stigma. Contributions: These findings indicate that SEAA students experience racialized community college stigma shaped by their raced and racialized positionings within the Asian American racial category and intersecting with the stigmas of attending community college as Asianized individuals. Implications for practice include faculty exploration of how they reinforce racialized community college stigma, deeper engagement with families to minimize the reinforcement of negative stigmas associated with community college, and creating educational opportunities to support students’ meaningmaking and abilities to resist stigmatization. Future research should expand on SEAA students’ experiences of community college stigma to include SEAA community college students across different contexts. Additionally, research focusing on specific ethnic populations under the SEAA umbrella experiencing racialized community college stigma is warranted.
Dynamic calculation of stress influence law of rubber core sealing surface of the rotating blowout preventer with defects
Authors: Zhou Zhaoming , He Bingsen , Xu Yundong , Liu Hui , Zeng Zhong
Published: June 2024

The bubble and crack defects in the production and operation of the rubber core of the rotating blowout preventer (RBOP) easily cause fatigue failure, leading to well-controlled severe accidents. Based on Yeoh’s principal structure equation, the dynamic sealing model of rubber core was established in this paper. The sealing process of the rubber core in lifting and drilling was calculated and analyzed. The stress influence law of typical cracks and bubble defects that affect the fatigue failure of rubber core sealing surface was analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) When the drill pipe joint passes through the RBOP, the structure of the rubber core is significantly deformed. This stage may cause damage and failure of the rubber core. (2) The cracks and bubble defects lead to a decrease in the stability of the sealing surface. With the increase of stress at the defect, the crack of the rubber core is easy to expand. (3) In the same location of the rubber core defects, cracks compared to bubble defects have a more significant impact. For the same type of crack, the bottom left side (A1) and the outer surface underside (D1) crack reduce the stress at the position of the rubber core sealing surface to the maximum. The research results provide a reference basis for defect detection, sealing performance, and service life of rubber cores, in order to improve the reliability evaluation standards of blowout preventer rubber cores, improve well control safety, reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, and improve operational efficiency.
Integrating Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Analysis in the Life Cycle Assessment Use Phase and Monetization of Environmental Impacts to Promote Low Carbon Transportation Materials
Authors: Ibrahim Haider , Marini Stefano , Farina Angela , Lanotte Michele
Published: June 2024

This study attempted to integrate the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) analysis into the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework to explore the potential of terminal blend rubberized bitumen (TBRB) technology as a sustainable alternative to traditional paving materials in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In addition, the concept of environmental impact monetization is introduced for quantifying shadow prices to be used in cost–benefit analyses and encourage the adoption of sustainable technologies in pavement construction. The findings demonstrate that hot mixed asphalt (HMA) with TBRB outperforms asphalt mixtures with neat bitumen (NB) and polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) containing 7% linear styrene–butadiene–styrene, with respect to durability and environmental impacts. The cradle-to-grave analysis, which includes maintenance and rehabilitation cycles based on the MEPDG results, alters the hierarchy among scenarios compared to conventional cradle-to-gate analyses, highlighting the importance of the use phase in LCA. Overall, the asphalt mixture with TBRB exhibits 83% and 63% less global warming potential than mixtures with NB and PMB, respectively. The monetization process through the distance-to-target approach returned the shadow price of US$157 per metric ton of CO2eq in the UAE. Based on this value, the HMA with TBRB, if selected over those with NB and PMB, offers environmental savings of US$47,186/km-lane and US$15,852/km-lane for the case study investigated.
Deep Reinforcement Learning Technique for Traffic Metering in Connected Urban Street Networks
Authors: Mohebifard Rasool , Hajbabaie Ali
Published: June 2024

Proper metering can improve traffic operations in congested urban street networks. The available approaches either (a) use macroscopic fundamental diagrams to model traffic dynamics or (b) use numerical time–space discretization of the hydrodynamic traffic flow model with high computational requirements. Therefore, they either (a) do not represent traffic dynamics accurately or (b) are not suitable for online applications. This study introduces a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) methodology to capture traffic dynamics on a micro-level scale with the capability of capturing detailed traffic dynamics with low computational time. The DRL methodology employs two neural networks that map the location of connected vehicles in a network to traffic metering signal indications and estimate the objective function of the traffic metering problem. The outputs of the neural networks are used to construct a loss function, whose optimization provides the optimal parameters for the neural networks. Because of the complexity of the loss function, the gradient descent optimization technique with Monte Carlo simulation is used to optimize the loss function. The proposed methodology was tested on a simulated case study network in Vissim software with 20 intersections. The numerical results showed that the methodology increased throughput by 41.2% and 21.3% and reduced the total travel time of vehicles by 3.4% and 15.5% compared to a no-metering strategy. Comparing the computational time of the proposed methodology with one of the existing traffic metering approaches also showed the potential of the methodology for online applications.
H∞ Control for Vehicle Strings Considering Input Saturation
Authors: Zhongqiang Wu , Mengmeng Zhao
Published: June 2024

An [Formula: see text] feedback control considering input saturation is proposed for the string stability control problem of vehicles. The longitudinal dynamics model of the string is established, and the system is modeled as a linear system with disturbances according to the relationship among the variable distance, the constant headway, the communication mode among vehicles, and the communication delay. The string stability condition is converted into an input saturation constraint problem, which in turn is converted into a linear system control problem with disturbances and input saturation. The designed [Formula: see text] controller has strong robustness to disturbances, and has the function of input limited, which ensures the stability of the string. The simulation results show that the designed controller can achieve the goal of the stability of the main vehicles following the lead vehicle for both homogeneous and heterogeneous strings.
Combining Statistical and Machine Learning Methods to Identify Predictors of Brazilian Students’ Proficiency in PISA 2018
Authors: San Martin Soares Pedro
Published: June 2024

Brazil’s education system lags behind international standards, with two-fifths of students scoring below the minimum level of proficiency in mathematics, science, and reading. Thus, this study combined machine learning with traditional statistics to identify the most important predictors and to interpret their effects on proficiency in the PISA 2018 mathematics, science, and reading tests. Predictors encompassed a wide range of variables, sociodemographic characteristics, teaching and learning processes, and non-cognitive skills. The outcome of the present study was proficiency in mathematics, science, and reading. PISA proficiency levels were grouped into “low proficiency” and “proficient” categories, using a classification system commonly employed in PISA reports. Using random forest analysis, a machine learning method, I compared the importance of predictors for proficiency in mathematics, science, and reading. I then adjusted multilevel logistic regression analyses to investigate the relationship between the top predictors and the outcomes. Among the top predictors for the three outcomes identified, annual household income, parents’ highest occupational status, and early childhood education and care were positively associated with proficiency in mathematics, science, and reading, while grade repetition and additional instruction were negatively associated with these outcomes. These findings urge Brazilian policymakers and educators to prioritize initiatives that strengthen early childhood programs, minimize grade repetition, and promote effective learning strategies.
Natural rail fracture defect calibration using infrared thermography and edge detection
Authors: Cui Ranting , Wei Chaojun , Wu Yuning , Zhang Keping , Zhu Xuan
Published: June 2024

Rail breakage can cause train derailment that leads to catastrophic consequences, prevention of which is worthy of a significant amount of investment in finance and time. Non-destructive evaluation can provide qualitative and quantitative inspection of rail tracks in-situ to detect dangerous faults, even though these defects are primarily invisible or hardly noticed from the surface of the rail. To make it efficient and convenient, infrared thermography technique offers a remote operation without interfering with rail transportation. The image processing for edge detection can further quantify the defect deterioration by depicting the contour of the defect. Moreover, the optimal parameters for various edge operators provide reliable detection for natural fracture defects.
Correlating Late-Holocene climate change and population dynamics at Cahokia Mounds (American Bottom, USA)
Authors: Rankin Caitlin G , Mueller Natalie G
Published: June 2024

Food insecurity and the disruption of agricultural systems are often cited as explanations for the correlations observed between climate change and demographic shifts in past agricultural societies. While these narratives are abundant with data pertaining to climate and demographic changes, they often lack substantial information regarding the processes contributing to agricultural destabilization. In this article, we employ stable carbon isotopes extracted from paleosols collected at Cahokia Mounds, the largest Indigenous settlement in North America, to illustrate that vegetative communities did not respond to the multi-decadal drought that afflicted the mid-continent region at the end of the 13th century. This research underscores the existing gaps in our understanding of how plant communities respond to climate variations. To effectively utilize historical examples in shaping future strategies for adapting to contemporary climate change, it is imperative that we acquire deeper insights into the tolerance of Indigenous crops and culturally significant plants to various drought and flood conditions.
Environmental Protection: Regulations to Reduce and Eliminate Single-use Plastic in Response to Climate Change
Authors: Legaspi Joy Lynn R.
Published: June 2024

This article examines how the Philippines’ numerous legislations address the problem of single-use plastic pollution in accordance with the concepts of sustainable development. By examining scholarly and related literature on plastic manufacturing and use, plastic ban and restrictions, and other policies connected to plastic pollution, the study found that the national government agencies worked together to address a wide range of climate change solutions to significantly reduce plastic production as well as usage. Plastic usage regulations have been enacted in each of the 17 local government units that fall under Metro Manila’s authority. Individual cities and municipalities, however, may impose varying restrictions due to the fact that their legislation may permit the inclusion of a large variety of different types of plastic compounds. Given this complexity, the rationale behind gradually reducing the consumption of single-use plastic products becomes paramount. Local government agencies require reliable data and effective programs to prevent plastic pollution as global plastic production grows. Regardless of their economic situation, more Philippine cities and municipalities are participating in projects that show their ability to have a global impact on environmental preservation.
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2, 2010–2023: a review of global detections and affected species
Authors: Asin Javier , Calvete Carlos , Uzal Francisco A. , Crossley Beate M. , Duarte Margarida Dias , Henderson Eileen E. , Abade dos Santos Fábio
Published: June 2024

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2/genotype GI.2 (RHDV2/GI.2; Caliciviridae, Lagovirus) causes a highly contagious disease with hepatic necrosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation in several Leporidae species. RHDV2 was first detected in European rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) in France in 2010 and has since spread widely. We gather here data on viral detections reported in various countries and affected species, and discuss pathology, genetic differences, and novel diagnostic aspects. RHDV2 has been detected almost globally, with cases reported in Europe, Africa, Oceania, Asia, and North America as of 2023. Since 2020, large scale outbreaks have occurred in the United States and Mexico and, at the same time, cases have been reported for the first time in previously unaffected countries, such as China, Japan, Singapore, and South Africa, among others. Detections have been notified in domestic and wild European rabbits, hares and jackrabbits ( Lepus spp.), several species of cottontail and brush rabbits ( Sylvilagus spp.), pygmy rabbits ( Brachylagus idahoensis), and red rock rabbits ( Pronolagus spp.). RHDV2 has also been detected in a few non-lagomorph species. Detection of RHDV2 causing RHD in Sylvilagus spp. and Leporidae species other than those in the genera Oryctolagus and Lepus is very novel. The global spread of this fast-evolving RNA virus into previously unexploited geographic areas increases the likelihood of host range expansion as new species are exposed; animals may also be infected by nonpathogenic caliciviruses that are disseminated by almost all species, and with which genetic recombination may occur.
Burnout Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Palliative and Hospice Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Endemic: An Exploratory Survey
Authors: Ng Wan Ru , Hamizah Nur , Chen Xiangyi , Yeo Zhi Zheng , Soh Keng Chuan , Chong Poh Heng
Published: June 2024

Background

Burnout is a significant issue for palliative and hospice professionals, exacerbated by the impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on healthcare professionals. It is crucial to update our understanding of prevalence data, identify associated factors, and evaluate support resources during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We aimed to explore the prevalence of burnout among palliative and hospice care workers, 2 years into the COVID-19 pandemic by using the Maslach’s Burnout Inventory; anxiety, using General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), workload, risk perception of COVID-19, confidence in protective measures (personal, workplace, and government), and usage and perceived helpfulness of support resources. Univariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyse burnout against these factors.

Results

Of the 115 respondents encompassing doctors, nurses and social workers (76.5% female; average age 40.9), 48.7% experienced burnout. Burnout correlated with increased anxiety, higher COVID-19 risk perception, heavier workload, and reduced confidence in protective measures. Peer support, COVID information, and psychological programs were rated as the most effective for coping.

Conclusion

The study indicates considerable levels of burnout among palliative and hospice care workers, linked to workload, anxiety, and perceived risk. Traditional mental health interventions had limited efficacy; respondents favoured peer support and organisational changes. The findings stress the need for a holistic approach, including diverse resources, workload management, and regular mental health assessments.
Attention to the Values, Wishes and Needs of Patients With Advanced Cancer by Hospital Clinicians, an Exploratory Qualitative Study
Authors: de Vries Sita , Pijnappel Laury , Vervoort Sigrid , van der Linden Yvette , Teunissen Saskia , de Graaf Everlien
Published: June 2024

Context: Insight into patients’ personal values, wishes, and needs (VWN) by clinicians is essential to guide appropriate palliative care. Objective: To gain insight into the exploration and monitoring of the VWN of patients with advanced cancer during the illness trajectory by hospital oncology clinicians. Method: A generic qualitative study was conducted from February 2022 to July 2022. Specialized nurses, nurse practitioners and medical specialists (in training) providing care to adult patients with advanced cancer were recruited at an outpatient clinic in a Dutch academic hospital. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and participatory observations of outpatient clinic consultations. Data were analyzed collaboratively by two researchers using thematic analysis. Results: Eleven clinicians, aged 33-64, 8 females, participated; 7 interviews and 13 observations were conducted. How clinicians explored and monitored patients’ VWN was based on their opinions, originating from the clinicians’ personal values and work experiences. These were influenced by the local collaboration. Three key opinions were identified: (1) providing safety, (2) supporting medical decision-making, and (3) ensuring alignment. Individual clinicians’ approaches varied. The alignment of care and treatment with the patient’s VWN was observed to be limited. Conclusion: Clinicians acknowledged the importance of exploring and monitoring patients’ VWN but lacked a systematic approach in discussing these topics. Patients should be actively engaged in communication regarding their VWN rather than primarily being provided with medical information. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures may be beneficial in facilitating communication regarding the patient’s VWN and could improve appropriate palliative care in hospital cancer care.
The Impact of Ketamine-Based Versus Non-Ketamine-Based ECT Anesthesia Regimens on the Severity of Patients’ Depression and Occurrence of Adverse Events: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sicignano Dakota J. , Kantesaria Rohan , Mastropietro Matthew , Sedensky Ava , Kohlbrecher Roslyn , Hernandez Adrian V. , White C. Michael
Published: June 2024

Objective:

To compare efficacy and safety outcomes for ketamine anesthesia + electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) versus nonketamine anesthesia + ECT in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients.

Data Sources:

PubMed and Embase were searched from the earliest date through November 27, 2023.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ketamine + ECT versus nonketamine anesthesia + ECT that reported data on remission (odds ratio [OR]), defined as a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Montgomery-Asburg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score <8-10) and mean differences (MDs) in HAM-D scores after several ECT sessions were compared using inverse variance methods. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB tool.

Data Synthesis:

Seventeen RCTs (RoB: Low N = 12, Moderate N = 2, High N = 3) with 1181 total patients met inclusion criteria. Patients receiving ECT experienced greater clinical remission (OR: 1.78, [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-2.93], I2 = 11%, N = 9) and lower HAM-D scores after the third through sixth ECT sessions as well as the eighth ECT session when ketamine versus nonketamine anesthesia was used. Ketamine use with ECT significantly increased fear with hallucinations (OR: 1.99, [95% CI: 1.11-3.58], I2 = 0%, N = 7) than with nonketamine anesthesia.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Selecting ketamine-based anesthesia could more quickly and profoundly enhance the beneficial effects of ECT for patients with severe TRD, but the balance of benefits to harm is unclear as there may be additional adverse events.

Conclusion:

Ketamine is a promising anesthesia adjunct to ECT that may enhance antidepressant effects in exchange for more adverse events.