bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attributing responsibility to farmers for environmental protection and climate action: insights from the European Union
Authors: Tosun Jale , Schaub Simon , Marek Charlene , Kellermann Laura , Koch Marcus A.
Published: September 2024

The attribution of responsibility is an important aspect of democratic government and governance. This study is interested in explaining variation in the responsibility that the public attributes to farmers for tackling climate change and environmental degradation. It analyzes data for respondents based in the 27 member states of the European Union as offered by a special issue of the Eurobarometer. Theoretically, the study postulates that if individuals perceive agriculture as a cause of climate change and environmental degradation, then they are more likely to indicate that it is a responsibility of farmers to take environmental and climate action. It also hypothesizes that individuals with a left-leaning ideology are more likely to attribute responsibility to farmers than right-leaning ones. Empirically, we find that the attribution of responsibility to farmers for mitigating climate change and environmental degradation is highest among Danes and lowest among Estonians. In 19 out of the 27 member states, our hypothesis holds true that individuals who perceive agriculture as a cause of climate change and environmental degradation are also more likely to attribute farmers’ responsibility for taking climate and environmental action. And in 11 member states, left-leaning individuals have a significantly higher likelihood of attributing farmers’ responsibility for tackling climate change and environmental degradation.
Exploring Nanoscale Perovskite Materials for Next-Generation Photodetectors: A Comprehensive Review and Future Directions
Authors: Li Xin , Aftab Sikandar , Mukhtar Maria , Kabir Fahmid , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Hegazy Hosameldin Helmy , Akman Erdi
Published: September 2024

The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has sparked much interest in applying nanoscale perovskite materials for photodetection applications. These materials are promising candidates for next-generation photodetectors (PDs) due to their unique optoelectronic properties and flexible synthesis routes. This review explores the approaches used in the development and use of optoelectronic devices made of different nanoscale perovskite architectures, including quantum dots, nanosheets, nanorods, nanowires, and nanocrystals. Through a thorough analysis of recent literature, the review also addresses common issues like the mechanisms underlying the degradation of perovskite PDs and offers perspectives on potential solutions to improve stability and scalability that impede widespread implementation. In addition, it highlights that photodetection encompasses the detection of light fields in dimensions other than light intensity and suggests potential avenues for future research to overcome these obstacles and fully realize the potential of nanoscale perovskite materials in state-of-the-art photodetection systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of nanoscale perovskite PDs and guides future research efforts towards improved performance and wider applicability, making it a valuable resource for researchers.
Bayesian Optimization with Additive Kernels for a Stepwise Calibration of Simulation Models for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Gómez-Guillén David , Díaz Mireia , Arcos Josep Lluís , Cerquides Jesus
Published: September 2024

A critical aspect of simulation models used in cost-effectiveness analysis lies in accurately representing the natural history of diseases, requiring parameters such as probabilities and disease burden rates. While most of these parameters can be sourced from scientific literature, they often require calibration to align with the model’s expected outcomes. Traditional optimization methods can be time-consuming and computationally expensive, as they often rely on simplistic heuristics that may not ensure feasible solutions. In this study, we explore using Bayesian optimization to enhance the calibration process by leveraging domain-specific knowledge and exploiting structural properties within the solution space. Specifically, we investigate the impact of additive kernel decomposition and a stepwise approach, which capitalizes on the sequential block structure inherent in simulation models. This approach breaks down large optimization problems into smaller ones without compromising solution quality. In some instances, parameters obtained using this methodology may exhibit less error than those derived from naive calibration techniques. We compare this approach with two state-of-the-art high-dimensional Bayesian Optimization techniques: SAASBO and BAxUS. Our findings demonstrate that Bayesian optimization significantly enhances the calibration process, resulting in faster convergence and improved solutions, particularly for larger simulation models. This improvement is most pronounced when combined with a stepwise calibration methodology.
A Novel Approach for Temperature Forecasting in Climate Change Using Ensemble Decomposition of Time Series
Authors: Estrada-Patiño Erick , Castilla-Valdez Guadalupe , Frausto-Solis Juan , González-Barbosa Javier , Sánchez-Hernández Juan Paulo
Published: September 2024

This paper presents FORSEER (Forecasting by Selective Ensemble Estimation and Reconstruction), a novel methodology designed to address temperature forecasting under the challenges inherent to climate change. FORSEER integrates decomposition, forecasting, and ensemble methods within a modular framework. This methodology decomposes the time series into trend, seasonal, and residual components. Subsequently, multiple optimized forecast models are applied to each component. These component models are then carefully weighted and combined through an ensemble process to generate a final robust forecast. Experimental results demonstrate that FORSEER is an efficient computational forecasting methodology for complex climate time series. Furthermore, we show that FORSEER has an equivalent forecasting performance to the M4 competition champion SMYL method for temperature series. Besides, the proposed methodology has less computational complexity than SMYL, making it a more accessible and scalable option. FORSEER's modular architecture also allows flexibility when substituting techniques depending on the context of the problem, facilitating the parallel execution of independent tasks and resulting in a strategy adaptable to multiple contexts.
Hyperbolic actions of higher rank lattices come from rank-one factors
Authors: BADER URI , CAPRACE PIERRE-EMMANUEL , FURMAN ALEX , SISTO ALESSANDRO
Published: September 2024

We study actions of higher rank lattices

$\Gamma <G$

on hyperbolic spaces and we show that all such actions satisfying mild properties come from the rank-one factors of G. In particular, all non-elementary isometric actions on an unbounded hyperbolic space are of this type.
The Application of Husserlian Phenomenology to the Examination of the Translatability of Criminal Law Practices Across American and Italian Culture in the Prosecution and Acquittal of Amanda Knox
Authors: Mueller Jenna
Published: September 2024

This Article uses various concepts of Husserlian phenomenology to explain the disparate opinion between the North American and Italian public in response to the prosecution and ultimate acquittal of Amanda Knox. This Article argues that the comparative difference in public opinion is due to an extensive shift in culture that is necessarily accompanied by a shift in spatial-temporal location. In this Article, the Husserlian concepts of intentionality, the Self, the Other-I, and empathy overlay the judicial opinions and media releases critical to shaping North American and Italian public perceptions of Amanda Knox. As applied, these Husserlian concepts function as interpretive lenses, providing the reader with a novel framework for analyzing the cause of interpretive difference across cultures.
Actuation manifold from snapshot data
Authors: Marra Luigi , Cornejo Maceda Guy Y. , Meilán-Vila Andrea , Guerrero Vanesa , Rashwan Salma , Noack Bernd R. , Discetti Stefano , Ianiro Andrea
Published: September 2024

We propose a data-driven methodology to learn a low-dimensional manifold of controlled flows. The starting point is resolving snapshot flow data for a representative ensemble of actuations. Key enablers for the actuation manifold are isometric mapping as encoder, and a combination of a neural network and a

$k$

-nearest-neighbour interpolation as decoder. This methodology is tested for the fluidic pinball, a cluster of three parallel cylinders perpendicular to the oncoming uniform flow. The centres of these cylinders are the vertices of an equilateral triangle pointing upstream. The flow is manipulated by constant rotation of the cylinders, i.e. described by three actuation parameters. The Reynolds number based on a cylinder diameter is chosen to be

$30$

. The unforced flow yields statistically symmetric periodic shedding represented by a one-dimensional limit cycle. The proposed methodology yields a five-dimensional manifold describing a wide range of dynamics with small representation error. Interestingly, the manifold coordinates automatically unveil physically meaningful parameters. Two of them describe the downstream periodic vortex shedding. The other three describe the near-field actuation, i.e. the strength of boat-tailing, the Magnus effect and forward stagnation point. The manifold is shown to be a key enabler for control-oriented flow estimation.
Factors influencing the intention of young adults to adopt genotype-based personalised advice on diet and physical activity according to perceived weight status
Authors: King Alexandra , Glaister Mark , Lawrence Kate , Pilic Leta , Mavrommatis Yiannis
Published: September 2024

Genotype-based dietary and physical activity advice can be delivered to young adults before unhealthy lifestyle behaviours or metabolic and physiological conditions have developed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the factors that influence the intention to adopt genotype-based personalised advice on diet and physical activity in young adults who perceive themselves to be a healthy weight versus those who perceive themselves to be overweight or obese. An online survey of 396 young adults (18–25 years) evaluated background factors (participant characteristics (including perception of body weight), psychological factors, belief composites) and constructs of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) related to the adoption of genotype-based personalised advice. The association between background factors and TPB constructs was assessed using multiple linear regression. The constructs of TPB predicted intention to adopt genotype-based personalised nutrition (P < 0.001, adj. R
2
= 0.54; attitude: B = 0.24, subjective norm: B = 0.25, PBC: B = 0.45). Background factors including belief composites, health locus of control, gender, physical activity, and food choice motives of ‘health’, ‘price’, ‘familiarity’, ‘weight control’, and ‘convenience’ significantly added to models of TPB constructs related to the intention to adopt personalised advice (P < 0.05). The influence of background factors varied between TPB constructs and differed based on participants perception of their body weight. The study provides support for the use of the TPB in understanding the intention of young adults to adopt gene-based advice for dietary and physical activity behaviour. In addition to perceived body weight, the background factors identified should help to inform and modify the delivery of advice in behaviour change interventions that seek to use genotype-based personalised advice in young adult populations.
First detection of X-ray pulsations and spectrum of the high Galactic latitude pulsar PSR J0837–2454 and direct Urca cooling implications
Authors: Ho Wynn C.G. , Pol Nihan , Deller Adam T. , Becker Werner , Burke-Spolaor Sarah
Published: September 2024

PSR J0837

$-$

2454 is a young 629 ms radio pulsar whose uncertain distance has important implications. A large distance would place the pulsar far out of the Galactic plane and suggest it is the result of a runaway star, while a short distance would mean the pulsar is extraordinarily cold. Here we present further radio observations and the first deep X-ray observation of PSR J0837

$-$

2454. Data from the Parkes Murriyang telescope show flux variations over short and long timescales and also yield an updated timing model, while the position and proper motion (and, less strongly, parallax) of the pulsar are constrained by a number of low-significance detections with the Very Long Baseline Array. XMM-Newton data enable detection of X-ray pulsations for the first time from this pulsar and yield a spectrum that is thermal and blackbody-like, with a cool blackbody temperature

$\approx$

$70\ \mbox{eV}$

or atmosphere temperature

$\approx$

$50\ \mbox{eV}$

, as well as a small hotspot. The spectrum also indicates the pulsar is at a small distance of

$\lesssim$

$1\ \mbox{kpc}$

, which is compatible with the marginal VLBA parallax constraint that favours a distance of

$\gtrsim$

330 pc. The low implied luminosity (

$\sim7.6\times10^{31}\mbox{erg\, s}^{-1}$

at 0.9 kpc) suggests PSR J0837

$-$

2454 has a mass high enough that fast neutrino emission from direct Urca reactions operates in this young star and points to a nuclear equation of state that allows for direct Urca reactions at the highest densities present in neutron star cores.
New radiocarbon dates point to the early evolution of resilient agriculture among Central Europe’s first farmers
Authors: Ptáková Michaela , Hajnalová Mária , Komárková Veronika , Šálková Tereza , Prach Jindřich , Pokorná Adéla , Pták Martin , Bumerl Jiří , Kuneš Petr , Vondrovský Václav
Published: September 2024

The shift towards cultivating domesticated crops was a pivotal development in ecological, economic, and human behavioural systems. As agriculture expanded beyond its origins, it faced diverse environments, often unsuitable for the originally cultivated domesticates. Farmers in Central Europe had to adjust and transform their farming systems, typically cultivating only five domesticated crop species. Here, we present new archaeobotanical data comprising 7955 determined charred remains and 22 radiocarbon dates from South Bohemia. This region, with higher altitudes, colder climates, and less fertile soils, lies on the periphery of Early Neolithic settlement. Our results reveal increased crop diversity as a form of adaptation to the harsher environment that bolstered resilience against crop failure. The earliest 14C-based evidence of deliberate cultivation of barley and Timopheev’s wheat in the region also provides new insights into the interplay between crop diffusion, landscapes, and food choices in the Neolithic Central Europe.
Royal burials and chariots from Sinauli (Uttar Pradesh, India): Radiocarbon dating and isotopic analysis based inferences
Authors: Sharma Shalini , Pokharia Anil K , Gahlaud S K S , Patel Nikhil , Manjul S K , Yadav Ruchita , Agnihotri Rajesh
Published: September 2024

For the first time in the Indian subcontinent, a series of royal burials with chariots have been recovered from the Chalcolithic period at the archaeological site Sinauli (29°8′28″N; 77°13′1″E), Baghpat district, western Uttar Pradesh, India. Eight burials were excavated from the site; among them a royal burial with copper decorated legged coffin (lid with a series of anthropomorphic figures) and headgear has also been recovered. Among these remarkable discoveries, three full-sized chariots made of wood and copper, and a sword with a wooden hilt, made this site unique at historical ground. These cultural findings signify that the ancients from this place were involved in warfare. All these recovered exclusive antiquities also proved the sophistication and the high degree of craftsmanship of the artisans. According to the 14C radiocarbon dating and recovered material culture, the site date back to 4000 yr BP (∼2000 BCE) and is thought to belong to Ochre-Coloured Pottery (OCP)/Copper Hoard culture. This culture was believed to develop in the Ganga-Yamuna Doab and was contemporary to the late phase of the Indus civilization. Altogether, the findings indicate that the time period of this culture is plausibly contemporary to Late Indus, Mesopotamian and Greece civilizations.
Hobbes, Cavendish, and the Bermuda Company
Authors: Bauer Sébastien
Published: September 2024

This article aims to further Noel Malcolm’s discussion on Thomas Hobbes’s involvement in the affairs of the Virginia Company and to add new perspectives on the subject. For instance, at the time Hobbes joined, William Cavendish was a prominent director and the head of the Bermuda subsidiary; numerous clues suggest that Hobbes attended more courts than the number proposed by Malcolm; moreover, Hobbes was commissioned to solve significant problems within both companies. Examining Hobbes’s views on monopolies suggests that his political work bears the traces of the experience he accumulated during the 1620s, and that ignoring what he observed leads to misreading what he wrote.
The Minor Variant of Hebrews 2.9, with Mark 15.34 and Psalm 22.2
Authors: Clivaz Claire
Published: September 2024

This article explores the relationship of a minor variant in Hebrews 2.9 – Jesus dead ‘apart from God’ (χωρὶς θɛοῦ) – with the minor variant of Mark 15.34 and more broadly with Psalm 22.2, as suggested by Harnack, Michel, Zuntz, Elliott, Ehrman and Rodgers. First, it highlights new elements in the file of the evidence of Heb 2.9 and compares it with the case of Mark 15.34. Secondly, it demonstrates that paying attention to the minor variants of Heb 2.9 and Mark 15.34 allows one to grasp better the diversity of Jewish and early Christian readings of Ps 22.2 or Ps 21.2 LXX: these readings provide a plausible context to explain the emergence of these two minor variants.
Post-growth agrifood systems: Towards an emancipatory politics
Authors: Raina Rajeswari S. , Kachroo Rishabh
Published: September 2024

A world without hunger demands a post-growth rewiring of the global agrifood system predicated on emancipatory politics that enables reform of actors and institutions outside agriculture. This is necessary to shift out of the prevalent growth-hegemonic framing of agriculture and its contributions to economic growth, where the structural injustice of hunger is rendered invisible. Recent International Relations (IR) scholarship highlights the institutional arrangements underpinning global agrifood problems. This paper uses critical IR theory to understand the structural mechanisms and relations of power through which the growth-hegemonic theorisation of agriculture is produced and reproduced, sustaining hunger within an exceedingly financialised agro-industrial complex. The structural power of knowledge shaping the interlocking structures of finance, production, and security is evident in the extremely high multilevel concentration in modern agrifood systems. This structural power evident in local decentralised agroecological systems and in transnational agrarian movements reflects post-growth principles of sufficiency, shared prosperity, care, ecological and social justice.Together, they are the counter-hegemonic voices, cooperative social systems, and class interests championed by post-growth politics.
A multi-provincial outbreak of Salmonella Newport infections associated with red onions: A report of the largest Salmonella outbreak in Canada in over 20 years
Authors: Denich Leann , Cheng Joyce M. , Smith Courtney R. , Taylor Marsha , Atkinson Robin , Boyd Eva , Chui Linda , Honish Lance , Isaac Leah , Kearney Ashley , Liang Jennifer J. , Mah Victor , Manore Anna J. W. , McCormic Zachary D. , Misfeldt Cynthia , Nadon Celine , Patel Kane , Sharma Davendra , Todd Alexander , Hexemer April
Published: September 2024

An investigation into an outbreak of Salmonella Newport infections in Canada was initiated in July 2020. Cases were identified across several provinces through whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Exposure data were gathered through case interviews. Traceback investigations were conducted using receipts, invoices, import documentation, and menus. A total of 515 cases were identified in seven provinces, related by 0–6 whole-genome multi-locus sequence typing (wgMLST) allele differences. The median age of cases was 40 (range 1–100), 54% were female, 19% were hospitalized, and three deaths were reported. Forty-eight location-specific case sub-clusters were identified in restaurants, grocery stores, and congregate living facilities. Of the 414 cases with exposure information available, 71% (295) had reported eating onions the week prior to becoming ill, and 80% of those cases who reported eating onions, reported red onion specifically. The traceback investigation identified red onions from Grower A in California, USA, as the likely source of the outbreak, and the first of many food recall warnings was issued on 30 July 2020. Salmonella was not detected in any tested food or environmental samples. This paper summarizes the collaborative efforts undertaken to investigate and control the largest Salmonella outbreak in Canada in over 20 years.
Investor reactions to legislative liberalization and the run-up in British share prices, 1844 to 1845
Authors: Atta-Darkua Vaska , Bruner Robert F. , Miller Scott C.
Published: September 2024

We study the association of shareholder returns with liberalization in government policy during Britain's railway run-up of 1844–5. The findings sustain two main claims. First, the railway returns during the run-up were associated with the advent of liberalizing policies, especially related to free trade, enhanced transparency and governance of firms, and industry consolidation. Second, analysis of cross-sectional variation reveals higher returns to large railways in the South and Midlands of England, several of which were leading consolidators. This study is the first to report an association between policy liberalization and run-up returns and to identify consolidators as the prime beneficiaries of the liberalization.
Reconciliation in palliative care: A concept analysis
Authors: Karlsson Margareta , Uhlman Andrea , Kämper Benedict , Hedman Ahlström Britt
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The aim was to gain a deeper understanding of the meaning of reconciliation as a concept in palliative care. Terminal illnesses affect almost all aspects of life and being close to death may lead to a need for reconciliation. The end of life is stressful on an existential level for both patients and relatives. It can therefore be of relevance for palliative care nurses to understand the meaning of reconciliation.

Methods

This study used a design for a literature study in accordance with a hybrid model. A deductive qualitative content analysis of autobiographies about being seriously ill and in a palliative stage in life was used to test the meaning of reconciliation. Ethical aspects concerning the use of autobiographies and the ethical principles of the Helsinki Declaration were considered. The theoretical perspective was the caritative theory of caring.

Results

The result showed that for patients in palliative care, reconciliation can be described as a strive for acceptance, to live in a truthful way, to forgive and be forgiven. People wish to create meaning in their existence and reconcile as a whole in body, spirit, and soul. By striving to unite suffering, life, and death as well as a peaceful relationship with relatives, people can achieve reconciliation at the end of life. Reconciliation is something ongoing and can be a force in what has been, what is, and what will be.

Significance of results

We conclude that reconciliation is a concept of importance when caring for patients in end-of-life care. However, reconciliation can be expressed in different ways without necessarily using the concept itself. A broader and deeper understanding of the concept facilitates conversations about the meaning of reconciliation in palliative care and can enable patients who strive to achieve reconciliation to be more easily identified and supported.
A Comparative Approach to Explaining Gender Disparities in Asian American and Asian Canadian Politics
Authors: Lu Fan
Published: September 2024

In 2020, Asian Americans were the least descriptively represented at all levels of elected office compared to whites, Blacks, and Latinos (Sedique, Bhojwani, and Lee 2020). In this context, Asian women lagged behind Asian men in holding local-level positions, yet they surpassed Asian men in holding federal and statewide offices, and they led 81% of state- and local-level Asian civil rights organizations (AAPI Power Fund 2020; Reflective Democracy Campaign 2021). Do gender disparities in Asian American political representation arise because Asian women are less likely to run for office than Asian men, or because they are less likely to win elections? Do these disparities vary across levels of office? And are they unique to Asian Americans?
The active, the sympathetic, and the reluctant: political action and eco-social attitudes among Swedish residents
Authors: Emilsson Kajsa , Hildingsson Roger , Fritz Martin
Published: September 2024

In this study, we investigate how eco-social attitudes are interlinked with various modes of political action aimed at preventing environmental change and promoting social welfare. Using multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis, we explore the links between attitudes and political action, and associated socio-political characteristics, in the case of Sweden. Our results show a three-node pattern forming a political action triangle: individuals expressing joint support for social welfare and environmental concerns are most actively engaged in political action, while those supporting environmental concerns are sympathetic to take part in political action without actually participating, and those supporting social welfare or expressing low support for either set of concerns seem overly reluctant towards all types of political action. This pattern, which is also tied to distinctive socio-political characteristics, has wider implications for understanding the agency and the mobilization of support for tackling the multiple ecological and social crises contemporary societies are facing.
Legendre quadrature for the discretization of 1D radiating panels
Authors: Capozzoli Amedeo , Curcio Claudio , D’Agostino Francesco , Liseno Angelo , Pascarella Luigi
Published: September 2024

In [A. Capozzoli, C. Curcio, A. Liseno, MMS, Pizzo Calabro, Italy, 2022], the problem of modeling a source/scatterer using an equivalent radiator has been addressed and an approach has been given and numerically assessed.

Once dimensioned the radiating panel, a practical implementation can be provided by a non-uniform array. The element positions should be chosen so that the array is capable to approximate, with an adequate accuracy, the fields radiated by the equivalent radiator. Here, the array element positioning is performed by exploiting a quadrature rule which takes into account that the singular functions supported on the region of interest associated to the most significant singular values of the radiation operator are related to those supported on the equivalent panel by a radiation integral. The quadrature rule enables also to choose a set of weights which are essential in the definition of the element excitation coefficients from the knowledge of the source distribution on the equivalent panel. For simplicity, a one-dimensional problem with a Legendre quadrature rule is considered. The approach is numerically assessed by checking the capability of the array to radiate, with a satisfactory degree of accuracy, the singular functions associated to the region of interest.
Is the Regime Shift in Gulf Stream Warm Core Rings Detected by Satellite Altimetry? An Inter‐Comparison of Eddy Identification and Tracking Products
Authors: Perez E. , Andres M. , Gawarkiewicz G.
Published: September 2024

Downstream of Cape Hatteras, the vigorously meandering Gulf Stream forms anticyclonic warm core rings (WCRs) that carry warm Gulf Stream and Sargasso Sea waters into the cooler, fresher Slope Sea, and forms cyclonic cold core rings (CCRs) that carry Slope Sea waters into the Sargasso Sea. The Northwest Atlantic shelf and open ocean off the U.S. East Coast have experienced dramatic changes in ocean circulation and water properties in recent years, with significant consequences for marine ecosystems and coastal communities. Some of these changes may be related to a reported regime shift in the number of WCRs formed annually, with a doubling of WCRs shed after 2000. Since the regime shift was detected using a regional eddy‐tracking product, primarily based on sea surface temperatures and relies on analyst skill, we examine three global eddy‐tracking products as an automated and potentially more objective way to detect changes in Gulf Stream rings. Currently, global products rely on altimeter‐measured sea surface height (SSH), with WCRs registering as sea surface highs and CCRs as lows. To identify eddies, these products use either SSH contours or a Lagrangian approach, with particles seeded in satellite‐based surface geostrophic velocity fields. This study confirms the three global products are not well suited for statistical analysis of Gulf Stream rings and suggests that automated WCR identification and tracking comes at the price of accurate identification and tracking. Furthermore, a shift to a higher energy state is detected in the Northwest Atlantic, which coincides with the regime shift in WCRs.
A Limited Effect of Continents on Subduction Initiation for Convection With Grain‐Damage
Authors: Choi H. , Foley B. J.
Published: September 2024

Despite significant study, when and how plate tectonics initiated on Earth remains contentious. Geologic evidence from some of Earth's earliest cratons has been interpreted as reflecting the formation of initial continental blocks by non‐subduction processes, which then trigger subduction initiation at their margins. Numerical models of mantle convection with a plastic yield stress rheology have shown this scenario is plausible. However, whether continents can trigger subduction initiation has not been tested with other rheologies. We, therefore, use numerical models of mantle convection with an imposed continental block to test whether continents facilitate subduction initiation with a grain‐damage mechanism, where weak shear zones form by grain size reduction. Our results show that continents modestly enhance stresses in the lithosphere, but not enough to significantly impact lithospheric damage or subduction initiation: continents have minimal influence on lithospheric damage or plate speed, nor does subduction preferentially initiate at the continental margin. A new regime diagram that includes continental blocks shows only a small shift in the boundary between the mobile‐lid and stagnant‐lid regimes when continents are added. However, as we do find that stresses are modestly enhanced at the continental margin in our models, we develop a scaling law for this stress enhancement to more fully test whether continents could trigger subduction initiation on early Earth. We find that lithospheric stresses supplied by continents are not sufficient to initiate subduction on the early Earth on their own with grain‐damage rheology; instead, additional factors would be required.
Deep Kinetic Energy Response to the Variability of the Kuroshio Extension
Authors: Han Jie‐Hong , Xu Yongsheng , Huang Chao , Li Jianping , Li Kai‐Yuan
Published: September 2024

The transfer of energy from the upper to deep oceans is a well‐known and challenging subject in physical oceanography. This research investigates the intricate relationship between surface and deep ocean currents. Utilizing nearly 2 years of observations from the Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS), our study unveils the deep‐ocean kinetic energy response to the Kuroshio Extension (KE) variability. We introduce the Kuroshio Extension Jet Path Index (KEJPI), which identifies two distinct modes of the KE jet on an intra‐seasonal timescale. Our findings reveal a strong correlation (0.73) between KEJPI and the mean kinetic energy of deep‐ocean geostrophic circulation, suggesting that the KE jet's large amplitude meanders have a significant impact on deep‐ocean kinetic energy. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) analysis further unveils a co‐evolving spatial pattern between upper and lower ocean kinetic energy. We investigate the dynamic vertical coupling (DVC) mechanism by examining the coherent variation among the sea surface height (SSH), 15°C isotherm (Z15), deep pressure anomaly, and abyssal flow. The KE jet migration can induce net divergence and convergence within the water column, which in turn generates deep‐ocean quasi‐geostrophic currents. These currents show a marked increase in kinetic energy, reaching levels three times higher than the background. This DVC‐driven kinetic energy can further cascade into near‐inertial and high‐frequency internal waves, contributing to abyssal mixing. Our study underscores the role of large current system instabilities in transferring energy to the deep ocean and facilitating deep mixing processes.
Histone deacetylase inhibition enhances extracellular vesicles from muscle to promote osteogenesis via miR-873-3p
Authors: Chen Ming , Li Yi , Zhang Mingming , Ge Siliang , Feng Taojin , Chen Ruijing , Shen Junmin , Li Ran , Wang Zhongqi , Xie Yong , Wang Duanyang , Liu Jiang , Lin Yuan , Chang Feifan , Chen Junyu , Sun Xinyu , Cheng Dongliang , Huang Xiang , Wu Fanfeng , Zhang Qinxiang , Cai Pingqiang , Yin Pengbin , Zhang Licheng , Tang Peifu
Published: September 2024

Regular physical activity is widely recognized for reducing the risk of various disorders, with skeletal muscles playing a key role by releasing biomolecules that benefit multiple organs and tissues. However, many individuals, particularly the elderly and those with clinical conditions, are unable to engage in physical exercise, necessitating alternative strategies to stimulate muscle cells to secrete beneficial biomolecules. Histone acetylation and deacetylation significantly influence exercise-induced gene expression, suggesting that targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) could mimic some exercise responses. In this study, we explored the effects of the HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) on human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMMs). Our findings showed that TSA-induced hyperacetylation enhanced myotube fusion and increased the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched with miR-873-3p. These TSA-EVs promoted osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) by targeting H2 calponin (CNN2). In vivo, systemic administration of TSA-EVs to osteoporosis mice resulted in significant improvements in bone mass. Moreover, TSA-EVs mimicked the osteogenic benefits of exercise-induced EVs, suggesting that HDAC inhibition can replicate exercise-induced bone health benefits. These results demonstrate the potential of TSA-induced muscle-derived EVs as a therapeutic strategy to enhance bone formation and prevent osteoporosis, particularly for individuals unable to exercise. Given the FDA-approved status of various HDAC inhibitors, this approach holds significant promise for rapid clinical translation in osteoporosis treatment.
SOX4-BMI1 axis promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression and facilitates angiogenesis by suppressing ZNF24
Authors: Wen Ting , Zhang Xiao , Gao Yun , Tian Hong , Fan Lufeng , Yang Ping
Published: September 2024

The incidence of lung cancer has become the highest among all cancer types globally, also standing as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Lung cancer is broadly divided into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with the latter accounting for 85% of total cases. SRY-box transcription factor 4 (SOX4), a crucial transcription factor, has been found to play a key role in the development of various cancers. However, the association between SOX4 and NSCLC is still unclear. This study investigated the clinical relevance of SOX4 and its potential mechanisms in the progression of NSCLC. Analysis of our NSCLC patient cohort revealed a significant increase in SOX4 levels in cancerous tissues, indicating its role as an independent prognostic indicator for NSCLC. In vitro experiments demonstrated that elevated SOX4 expression facilitated NSCLC cell migration, invasion, and EMT. Functionally, SOX4 drives NSCLC progression by enhancing the transcription and expression of B-cell-specific moloney leukemia virus insertion site 1 (BMI1). The oncogenic impact of SOX4-induced BMI1 expression on NSCLC advancement was validated through both in vivo and in vitro studies. In addition, our findings showed that BMI1 promoted the ubiquitination of histone H2A (H2Aub), leading to decreased zinc finger protein 24 (ZNF24) expression, which subsequently triggered vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) secretion in NSCLC cells, thereby promoting NSCLC angiogenesis. Moreover, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of a BMI1 inhibitor in combination with Bevacizumab for NSCLC treatment using orthotopic models. The data presented in our study reveal a previously unrecognized role of the SOX4-BMI1 axis in promoting NSCLC progression and angiogenesis. This research significantly contributes to our knowledge of the interplay between SOX4 and BMI1 in NSCLC, potentially paving the way for the development of targeted therapies for this disease.
Mast cell heparanase promotes breast cancer stem-like features via MUC1/estrogen receptor axis
Authors: Bongiorno Roberta , Lecchi Mara , Botti Laura , Bosco Oriana , Ratti Chiara , Fontanella Enrico , Mercurio Nicolò , Pratesi Pietro , Chiodoni Claudia , Verderio Paolo , Colombo Mario Paolo , Lecis Daniele
Published: September 2024

Breast cancer is the most frequent type of tumor in women and is characterized by variable outcomes due to its heterogeneity and the presence of many cancer cell-autonomous and –non-autonomous factors. A major determinant of breast cancer aggressiveness is represented by immune infiltration, which can support tumor development. In our work, we studied the role of mast cells in breast cancer and identified a novel activity in promoting the tumor-initiating properties of cancer cells. Mast cells are known to affect breast cancer prognosis, but show different effects according to the diverse subtypes. Starting from the observation that co-injection of mast cells with limiting concentrations of cancer cells increased their in vivo engraftment rate, we characterized the molecular mechanisms by which mast cells promote the tumor stem-like features. We provide evidence that mast cell heparanase plays a pivotal role since both its activity and the stimulation of mast cells with heparan sulfate, the product of heparanase activity, are crucial for this process. Moreover, the pharmacological inhibition of heparanase prevents the function of mast cells. Our data show that soluble factors released by mast cells favor the expression of estrogen receptor in a MUC1-dependent manner. The MUC1/estrogen receptor axis is eventually essential for cancer stem-like features, specifically in HER2-negative cells, and promotes the capability of cancer cells to form mammospheres and express stem-related genes, also reducing their sensitivity to tamoxifen administration. Altogether our findings describe a novel mechanism by which mast cells could increase the aggressiveness of breast cancer uncovering a molecular mechanism displaying differences based on the specific breast cancer subtype.
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a tumor-cell-intrinsic metabolic checkpoint restricting T-cell immunity
Authors: Cuyàs Elisabet , Pedarra Stefano , Verdura Sara , Pardo Miguel Angel , Espin Garcia Roderic , Serrano-Hervás Eila , Llop-Hernández Àngela , Teixidor Eduard , Bosch-Barrera Joaquim , López-Bonet Eugeni , Martin-Castillo Begoña , Lupu Ruth , Pujana Miguel Angel , Sardanyès Josep , Alarcón Tomás , Menendez Javier A.
Published: September 2024

Fatty acid synthase (FASN)-catalyzed endogenous lipogenesis is a hallmark of cancer metabolism. However, whether FASN is an intrinsic mechanism of tumor cell defense against T cell immunity remains unexplored. To test this hypothesis, here we combined bioinformatic analysis of the FASN-related immune cell landscape, real-time assessment of cell-based immunotherapy efficacy in CRISPR/Cas9-based FASN gene knockout (FASN KO) cell models, and mathematical and mechanistic evaluation of FASN-driven immunoresistance. FASN expression negatively correlates with infiltrating immune cells associated with cancer suppression, cytolytic activity signatures, and HLA-I expression. Cancer cells engineered to carry a loss-of-function mutation in FASN exhibit an enhanced cytolytic response and an accelerated extinction kinetics upon interaction with cytokine-activated T cells. Depletion of FASN results in reduced carrying capacity, accompanied by the suppression of mitochondrial OXPHOS and strong downregulation of electron transport chain complexes. Targeted FASN depletion primes cancer cells for mitochondrial apoptosis as it synergizes with BCL-2/BCL-XL-targeting BH3 mimetics to render cancer cells more susceptible to T-cell-mediated killing. FASN depletion prevents adaptive induction of PD-L1 in response to interferon-gamma and reduces constitutive overexpression of PD-L1 by abolishing PD-L1 post-translational palmitoylation. FASN is a novel tumor cell-intrinsic metabolic checkpoint that restricts T cell immunity and may be exploited to improve the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapy.
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander populations in genomic research
Authors: Ha Edra K. , Shriner Daniel , Callier Shawneequa L. , Riley Lorinda , Adeyemo Adebowale A. , Rotimi Charles N. , Bentley Amy R.
Published: September 2024

The role of genomic research and medicine in improving health continues to grow significantly, highlighting the need for increased equitable inclusion of diverse populations in genomics. Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) communities are often missing from these efforts to ensure that the benefits of genomics are accessible to all individuals. In this article, we analyze the qualities of NHPI populations relevant to their inclusion in genomic research and investigate their current representation using data from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) catalog. A discussion of the barriers NHPI experience regarding participating in research and recommendations to improve NHPI representation in genomic research are also included.
Collapse of metallicity and high-Tc superconductivity in the high-pressure phase of FeSe0.89S0.11
Authors: Reiss Pascal , McCollam Alix , Zajicek Zachary , Haghighirad Amir A. , Coldea Amalia I.
Published: September 2024

We investigate the high-pressure phase of the iron-based superconductor FeSe0.89S0.11 using transport and tunnel diode oscillator studies using diamond anvil cells. We construct detailed pressure-temperature phase diagrams that indicate that the superconducting critical temperature is strongly enhanced by more than a factor of four towards 40 K above 4 GPa. The resistivity data reveal signatures of a fan-like structure of non-Fermi liquid behaviour which could indicate the existence of a putative quantum critical point buried underneath the superconducting dome around 4.3 GPa. With further increasing the pressure, the zero-field electrical resistivity develops a non-metallic temperature dependence and the superconducting transition broadens significantly. Eventually, the system fails to reach a fully zero-resistance state, and the finite resistance at low temperatures becomes strongly current-dependent. Our results suggest that the high-pressure, high-Tc phase of iron chalcogenides is very fragile and sensitive to uniaxial effects of the pressure medium, cell design and sample thickness. This high-pressure region could be understood assuming a real-space phase separation caused by nearly concomitant electronic and structural instabilities.
Controllable orbital angular momentum monopoles in chiral topological semimetals
Authors: Yen Yun , Krieger Jonas A. , Yao Mengyu , Robredo Iñigo , Manna Kaustuv , Yang Qun , McFarlane Emily C. , Shekhar Chandra , Borrmann Horst , Stolz Samuel , Widmer Roland , Gröning Oliver , Strocov Vladimir N. , Parkin Stuart S. P. , Felser Claudia , Vergniory Maia G. , Schüler Michael , Schröter Niels B. M.
Published: September 2024

The emerging field of orbitronics aims to generate and control orbital angular momentum for information processing. Chiral crystals are promising orbitronic materials because they have been predicted to host monopole-like orbital textures, where the orbital angular momentum aligns isotropically with the electron’s crystal momentum. However, such monopoles have not yet been directly observed in chiral crystals. Here, we use circular dichroism in angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to image orbital angular momentum monopoles in the chiral topological semimetals PtGa and PdGa. The spectra show a robust polar texture that rotates around the monopole as a function of photon energy. This is a direct consequence of the underlying magnetic orbital texture and can be understood from the interference of local atomic contributions. Moreover, we also demonstrate that the polarity of the monopoles can be controlled through the structural handedness of the host crystal by imaging orbital angular moment monopoles and antimonopoles in the two enantiomers of PdGa, respectively. Our results highlight the potential of chiral crystals for orbitronic device applications, and our methodology could enable the discovery of even more complicated nodal orbital angular momentum textures that could be exploited for orbitronics.
3D printed optimized electrodes for electrochemical flow reactors
Authors: Davis Jonathan T. , Jayathilake Buddhinie S. , Chandrasekaran Swetha , Wong Jonathan J. , Deotte Joshua R. , Baker Sarah E. , Beck Victor A. , Duoss Eric B. , Worsley Marcus A. , Lin Tiras Y.
Published: September 2024

Recent advances in 3D printing have enabled the manufacture of porous electrodes which cannot be machined using traditional methods. With micron-scale precision, the pore structure of an electrode can now be designed for optimal energy efficiency, and a 3D printed electrode is not limited to a single uniform porosity. As these electrodes scale in size, however, the total number of possible pore designs can be intractable; choosing an appropriate pore distribution manually can be a complex task. To address this challenge, we adopt an inverse design approach. Using physics-based models, the electrode structure is optimized to minimize power losses in a flow reactor. The computer-generated structure is then printed and benchmarked against homogeneous porosity electrodes. We show how an optimized electrode decreases the power requirements by 16% compared to the best-case homogeneous porosity. Future work could apply this approach to flow batteries, electrolyzers, and fuel cells to accelerate their design and implementation.