bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep learning resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Luckett Patrick H. , Maccotta Luigi , Lee John J. , Park Ki Yun , U. F. Dosenbach Nico , Ances Beau M. , Hogan Robert Edward , Shimony Joshua S. , Leuthardt Eric C.
Published: March 2022

Objective

Localization of focal epilepsy is critical for surgical treatment of refractory seizures. There remains a great need for noninvasive techniques to localize seizures for surgical decision‐making. We investigate the use of deep learning using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS‐fMRI) to identify the hemisphere of seizure onset in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients.

Methods

A total of 2132 healthy controls and 32 preoperative TLE patients were studied. All participants underwent structural MRI and RS‐fMRI. Healthy control data were used to generate training samples for a three‐dimensional convolutional neural network (3DCNN). RS‐fMRI was synthetically altered in randomly lateralized regions in the healthy control participants. The model was then trained to classify the hemisphere containing synthetic noise. Finally, the model was tested on TLE patients to assess its performance for detecting biological seizure onset zones, and gradient‐weighted class activation mapping (Grad‐CAM) identified the strongest predictive regions.

Results

The 3DCNN classified healthy control hemispheres known to contain synthetic noise with 96% accuracy, and TLE hemispheres clinically identified to be seizure onset zones with 90.6% accuracy. Grad‐CAM identified a range of temporal, frontal, parietal, and subcortical regions that were strong anatomical predictors of the seizure onset zone, and the resting state networks that colocalized with Grad‐CAM results included default mode, medial temporal, and dorsal attention networks. Lastly, in an analysis of a subset of patients with postsurgical outcomes, the 3DCNN leveraged a more focal set of regions to achieve classification in patients with Engel Class >I compared to Engel Class I.

Significance

Noninvasive techniques capable of localizing the seizure onset zone could improve presurgical planning in patients with intractable epilepsy. We have demonstrated the ability of deep learning to identify the correct hemisphere of the seizure onset zone in TLE patients using RS‐fMRI with high accuracy. This approach represents a novel technique of seizure lateralization that could improve preoperative surgical planning.
Long‐term yields in annual and perennial bioenergy crops in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Kantola Ilsa B. , Masters Michael D. , Blanc‐Betes Elena , Gomez‐Casanovas Nuria , DeLucia Evan H.
Published: March 2022

Many yield predictions in perennial bioenergy species have been made based on data collected during the establishment phase of growth or a limited number of long‐term studies. Few studies compare multiple perennial crops with the dominant agricultural vegetation of the landscape over long time periods. Here, we present the results of 11 years of perennial crop management on fertile agricultural soils in central Illinois, compared with conventional row crop maize/soybean (Zea mays L., Glycine max L.) production. We examined the long‐term productivity and drought susceptibility of Miscanthus x giganteus Greef et. Deu. ex. Hodkinson et Renvoize (miscanthus), Panicum virgatum L., Cave‐in‐Rock cultivar (switchgrass), and a native prairie mix, in contrast to annual maize/soybean agriculture. Long‐term yields for miscanthus and switchgrass failed to reach initial predictions made during the establishment phase; however, in miscanthus, the 11th year of production shows little progressive yield loss with age, exceeding the modeled limit for the onset of age‐related decline. Harvest timing and differences in yields from hand and machine harvests in perennial crops likely contribute to overestimates of potential yields. Application of fertilizer to mature miscanthus resulted in significant increases in yield after a severe drought, though modeled effects of management and drought in miscanthus point to a more complex mechanism for yield response.
Correlations between spatial sampling biases and environmental niches affect species distribution models
Authors: Baker David J. , Maclean Ilya M. D. , Goodall Martin , Gaston Kevin J.
Published: March 2022

Aim

Spatial sampling biases in biodiversity data arise because of complex interactions between geography, species characteristics and human behaviour, including preferences for or against particular species or habitats; biases are therefore not necessarily independent of the environmental niches of species. We evaluate when correlations between spatial sampling biases and environmental niches are likely to affect species distribution models (SDMs) developed both with and without attempts to correct these biases.

Innovation

A virtual species and virtual ecologist framework was used to simulate biodiversity data with either no spatial sampling bias or biases that were correlated (positively or negatively) with one of the environmental variables used to define the environmental niches of the species. The environmental variables used to define the species niche were simulated with spatial autocorrelation operating at multiple spatial scales. Virtual samples were then used to model species distributions, with models evaluated based on their ability to rank the suitability of sites correctly.

Main conclusions

Correlations between spatial sampling bias and environmental niches frequently reduced the rank correlation of model predictions, but the relative importance of these effects varied with species type (greater decline in rank correlation as the environmental niche broadens) and data type (models built using detection/non‐detection data were less affected than those using detection‐only data). Bias‐correction effectiveness varied depending on the structure of the spatial bias but was also highly variable across methods and dependent on data type. The implications of these results are that spatial sampling bias is a greater concern for SDMs where: (1) the distribution of effort is non‐random with respect to an environmental gradient thought to be correlated with a species’ distribution; (2) the species being modelled has a broad environmental niche; and (3) the data for modelling contain only information on detections (i.e., presence only).
Is the world ready for gene therapy?
Authors: Garrison Louis P. , Kleinermans Diane
Published: March 2022

KEY POINTS OF CONSIDERATION

To prepare for the introduction of gene therapies in haemophilia care, healthcare frameworks for evaluation and valuation will need to evolve to address the unique requirements of current and future innovations for treating this rare disease.

The papers in this supplement provide an insightful and comprehensive state‐of‐the‐art assessment of these requirements and challenges.

In terms of evaluation, the definition of a patient‐defined value framework that captures multi‐dimensional, patient‐centered outcomes is an important first step for determining the full benefit of gene therapy for persons with haemophilia.

In terms of valuation and rewards for innovation, health systems will need to develop alternative payment models for risk‐sharing that will allow payers and society to address uncertainties about the ultimate clinical and economic value of these innovations. And health technology assessment authorities will need to exercise greater flexibility in evidence requirements given the unique features of data collection for a potentially curative therapy for a rare disease with long‐term uncertainties about durability of impact.

Collaboration among stakeholders will be essential for developing the critical evidence requirements and providing the incentives needed to achieve sustainable budgets and broad access for persons with haemophilia worldwide.
Young peoples' involvement in welfare service development—Is voice enough?—A thematic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Nortvedt Line , Olsen Cecilie F. , Sjølie Hege
Published: March 2022

Background

Young people need to be heard and take an active role in developing welfare services. When they are recognized as having skills and expertize, the advantages young people's involvement brings to both themselves and the organizations, are mobilization and empowering with impact on national decision‐making.

Objective

To synthesize existing literature on how young people's involvement in coproduction can contribute to better welfare services.

Search Strategy

We performed a systematic literature search in four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cinahl).

Inclusion Criteria

Publications whose abstracts contained themes as: Young people 12–25 years of age, receiving welfare, youth coproduction/involvement/participation and qualitative studies.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Of the 5469 documents retrieved, the full text of 58 studies was read, of which seven studies met the inclusion criteria. A thematic synthesis following Thomas and Harden was used.

Main Results

Young people being involved in coproduction of developing welfare services experienced to be valued and supported by partnerships, but they also pointed out deficiencies in welfare services. Some of the adolescents expressed not being listened to, lack of trusted relations and not being involved in policy making or prospects. The staff members saw some challenges with partnering with youth; as the need for flexibility, to keep the youth engaged and to purposefully meet the adolescents where they need help, guidance or resources.

Conclusions

More involvement should be stressed. Coproduction is often symbolic more than resulting in real changes in the welfare services. Consequently, what is crucial when young people are involved is that they are encouraged by adults to be clear about the degree of involvement they want.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patient and public involvement was not explicit in this review.
Mediation role of patient engagement on the association between health literacy and self‐care behaviours in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cengiz Dilara , Agrali Hatice , Korkmaz Fatos , Akyar Imatullah
Published: March 2022

Aim

This study examined the relationship between health literacy and self‐care behaviours among individuals with type 2 diabetes and whether the association is mediated by patient engagement.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted between November 2019 and September 2020. The sample consisted of 218 participants with type 2 diabetes, older than 18 years old, applying to two endocrine outpatient clinics in Turkey. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify the relationship between health literacy and self‐care behaviours. The Sobel test method was used to examine the mediation role of patient engagement.

Results

Sample characteristics included mean age of 53.7 years, 57.3% were female and the mean A1C was 7.8%. The regression equation analyses demonstrated that health literacy (β = 0.219, P < 0.05) and patient engagement (β = 2.844, P < 0.05) significantly predicted diabetes self‐care behaviours. Patient engagement served a mediational role in the association of health literacy and self‐care behaviours (z value = 2.049, P < 0.02).

Conclusion

Given the relationship between health literacy and diabetes self‐care behaviours, the patient engagement concept presented a practical insight into the applicability of health‐related information. Clinicians are recommended to consider patients' health literacy and engagement levels while planning customized interventions to facilitate diabetes management.
The multi‐scalar embeddedness of support policies for migrant entrepreneurship in Japan
Authors: Yamamura Sakura
Published: March 2022

Contextual entrepreneurship and mixed embeddedness approach alike emphasize the importance of the political‐institutional embeddedness next to social embeddedness along with further contexts for migrant entrepreneurship, yet the aspect of international migration policies as an important institutional framework has been somewhat neglected. This paper introduces the case of political‐institutional embeddedness of migrant entrepreneurship in Japan from an international migration policy perspective, discussing embeddedness of migrant entrepreneurs and their support institutions from a multi‐scalar perspective. By analysing the migration policy context of migrant entrepreneurship at different policy levels, that is, national, regional and urban scales, it demonstrates the analytical value of differentiating policies along these scales and also their inter‐connectedness, conceptually proposing the inter‐ and trans‐scalarity of these policy contexts. By bringing issues of migration regimes and particularly the East Asian developmental state as a lens to analyse migrant entrepreneurship, it brings further approaches in comparatively analysing different entrepreneurial contexts for future research.
Discordant imaging: adrenal vein sampling in almost half of patients with primary aldosteronism and a unilateral adrenal adenoma
Authors: Kaur Ruveena , Young Simon
Published: March 2022

Background

Primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) is an underdiagnosed cause of secondary hypertension, with an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal complications compared with those with essential hypertension alone. Distinguishing between unilateral and bilateral aldosterone secretion is important as management differs. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is the gold standard for determining lateralisation. Current international guidelines suggest AVS may be omitted in those aged <35 years with PHA and a unilateral adrenal adenoma on imaging.

Aim

To characterise all patients referred for AVS at Waitematā District Health Board (WDHB), review the success rate of AVS and compare concordance of AVS with imaging.

Methods

All patients who underwent AVS in WDHB from January 2015 to September 2020 were retrospectively assessed. Clinical records, laboratory data and radiological findings were reviewed.

Results

Ninety‐six patients underwent AVS, with four excluded as private records were unable to be obtained. Of the 92 patients included, age ranged from 22 to 79 years. AVS was successful on first attempt in 89 (96.7%) patients. AVS and imaging findings were concordant in 62.2% of patients. One (14.3%) of seven aged <35 years had discordant results, and 16 (47%) of 34 patients with a unilateral adenoma on imaging had discordant results to AVS.

Conclusions

AVS at WDHB is successful on first attempt in most patients. AVS is essential in the management of PHA for those deemed to be surgical candidates, regardless of age.
Foot and ankle reconstruction using the lateral supramalleolar flap versus the anterolateral thigh flap in the elderly: A comparative study
Authors: Li Peifeng , Zhang Huaibao , Zhu Junyi , Qiu Haisheng , Ni Xiao , Yu Fangzheng , Xiao Jian , Wang Jian , Du Shenghu
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare the reconstructive outcomes of soft‐tissue defects around the foot and ankle with anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap or lateral supramalleolar (LSM) flap and attempt to provide an optimal strategy for elderly patients. A retrospective review of all continuous patients with foot and ankle reconstruction using different flaps from October of 2010 and October of 2020 was performed. Based on the flap types, the patients were divided into two groups: ALT flap group (n = 50) and LSM flap group (n = 46). Outcomes were assessed according to the flap survival rate, early complications, general complications, late complications, cosmetic appearance, functional outcomes and Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). We found that there was no difference in average age, gender, aetiology, size of the defect, debridement times between the two groups; however, a significant difference in operation time, hospitalisation time and cost were noted between them. What's more, the early flap complications between them were not significantly different. The LSM flap group showed less general complications, less flap bulky and lower cosmetic appearance. Moreover, the functional evaluation and VSS seem similar (P > .05). Thus, The ALT flap and LSM flap are both flaps available for foot and ankle reconstruction in elderly patients. However, the LSM flap offers short operation time, short hospitalisation time, and less cost with a lower frequency of postoperative complications. Thus, we advocate the LSM flap for the reconstruction of moderate‐size defects of the foot and ankle region in elderly patients.
The effects of virtual reality technology on reducing pain in wound care: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: He Zhen‐Hua , Yang Hong‐Mei , Dela Rosa Ronnell D. , De Ala Minerva B.
Published: March 2022

Virtual reality (VR) technology has been widely used in clinical nursing care in recent years. We aimed to systematically evaluate the effect and safety of VR technology on pain control in wound care, to provide evidence and support for clinical wound care. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, China Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and Chinese Science and Technology Journal databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the application of VR technology in wound care up to December 20, 2021. Two researchers independently assessed the quality of the included RCTs and extracted associated data. RevMan5.3 statistical software was used for data analysis. 13 RCTs involving 1258 adult patients were included, of whom 588 patients underwent VR intervention. VR technology intervention could reduce the VAS score(MD = −1.13, 95%CI:−2.01~−0.26, P < .001), pain cognition score(MD = −3.94, 95%CI:−4.59 ~ −3.30, P < .001), pain emotion score(MD = ‐5.21, 95%CI: −10.46 ~ −0.04, P < .001), pain sensation score (MD = −4.94, 95%CI: −9.46 ~ −0.42, P = .03) and blood pressure(MD = −4.66, 95%CI: −8.63 ~ −0.69, P = .02) during would care. There were no significant differences on the heart rate (MD = −1.85, 95%CI: −5.71 ~ −2.01, P = .45) and VR interestingness (MD = 28.96, 95%CI: −22.10 ~ 80.02, P = .27) of the VR group and control group. No publication biases among the synthesised outcomes were found (all P > .001). VR technology can effectively reduce the pain degree and sensation of patients during wound care, which may be an effective auxiliary non‐drug method used for pain relief during wound care.
Primary stress response and biochemical profile ofLabeo rohita(Hamilton, 1822) experimentally parasitized withArgulus bengalensis(Ramakrishna, 1951)
Authors: Datta Netri , Kar Pradip K. , Saha Samar K.
Published: March 2022

Argulosis is a major problem that causes huge economic loss in aquaculture. In a microcosm, an infested condition was developed uponLabeo rohitawith 100 ± 10 adult morphs ofArgulus bengalensisper fish. Primary stress response and biochemical profiles of the host were evaluated to underscore the pathogenicity of the parasites. Significant alterations in biochemical parameters were monitored at four different post‐infestation time points: days 1, 3, 6 and 9. The overall increasing trends of both plasma cortisol and plasma epinephrine indicate parasite‐induced primary stress response among experimental fish. The study revealed a hyperglycaemic trend throughout the infestation period, which has been correlated with hypoxia‐associated glycogenolysis. Decreasing level of plasma cholesterol has also been correlated with the development of anaemia and subsequent hypoxia among the infested fish. Plasma protein of the experimental fish initially increases as an outcome of the immediate innate immune response againstArgulusinfestation, whereas the decrease in plasma protein at the later period of infestation results from less‐dietary protein intake due to loss of appetite, reduced digestibility and metabolic proteolysis. Plasma Na+concentration showed an overall decreasing trend throughout the infestation period, which may be due to excess production of catecholamine under stress. Nonetheless, plasma K+concentration showed an increasing trend up to day 6 of infestation, and thereafter the value declined to the control level. Plasma ionic imbalances reflect changes in cell permeability under tissue hypoxia and the wounds produced on the skin for intensive feeding activity of the parasites. Both serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities were significantly elevated throughout the infestation period, which indicates excess synthesis or release of those enzymes from the damaged cells of the tissues. Activities of some renal, hepatic and branchial antioxidant enzymes,viz., superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione‐S‐transferase, increased in the infested fish. The fact is explained as an effort of the fish for gaining adaptive adjustment to neutralize the oxidative stress generated under the parasitic stress. The overall experimental result points towards the generation of potential stress upon host fish by this branchiuran parasite. The biochemical alterations of the fish under argulosis are centred around the two stress‐sensitive hormones, cortisol and epinephrine. The outcome of the study will be the important physiological determinants in adopting a suitable control measure as well as assessing the nutritional value of the fish under diseased condition.
Endogenous capital stock and depreciation in the United States
Authors: Escribá‐Pérez F. J. , Murgui‐García M. J. , Ruiz‐Tamarit J. R.
Published: March 2022

There are several puzzles and unresolved problems in empirical economics that depend on the reliability of capital series. Productivity paradoxes, and certain recent trends in the US macroeconomic data, cannot be addressed correctly with the available standard measures of capital stock. Our paper contributes to the theory of capital by endogenizing capacity utilization and depreciation in an intertemporal optimization model with adjustment and maintenance costs. This model allows for corporate taxation and identifies the impact on the variables that shape the capital accumulation process. Depreciation is a control variable that is no longer assumed proportional to the capital stock. The model provides a system of equations that we run empirically with a data set of the US economy for the period 1960–2016. We obtain an empirical measure of the depreciation rate and the capital stock based on profitability and market values. They are economic estimations that consider the entire capital deterioration and obsolescence. Aggregate capital stock is a key variable in the description of the economy, and our results, which better fit the foundations of economic theory, can provide policymakers with a good understanding of the field in which specific public policy measures are to be implemented.
Prediction of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma with expert‐inspiration and skeleton sharing deep learning
Authors: Xiao Han , Guo Yuchen , Zhou Qian , Chen Qiaofeng , Du Qiang , Chen Shuling , Fu Shunjun , Lin Jie , Li Dexuan , Song Xinming , Peng Sui , Huang Yuhua , Shen Jingxian , Kuang Ming
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims

Radiological prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is essential but few models were clinically implemented because of limited interpretability and generalizability.

Methods

Based on 2096 patients in three independent HCC cohorts, we established and validated an MVI predicting model. First, we used data from the primary cohort to train a 3D‐ResNet network for MVI prediction and then optimised the model with “expert‐inspired training” for model construction. Second, we implemented the model to the other two cohorts using three implementation strategies, the original model implementation, data sharing model implementation and skeleton sharing model implementation, the latter two of which used part of the cohorts' data for fine‐tuning. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) were calculated to compare the performances of different models.

Results

For the MVI predicting model, the AUC of the expert‐inspired model was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.77–0.88) compared to 0.54 (95% CI: 0.46–0.62) of model before expert‐inspiring. Taking this model as an original model, AUC on the second cohort was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.67–0.84). The AUC was improved to 0.83 (95% CI: 0.77–0.90) with the data‐sharing model, and further improved to 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79–0.92) with the skeleton sharing model. The trend that the skeleton sharing model had an advantage in performance was similar in the third cohort.

Conclusions

We established an expert‐inspired model with better predictive performance and interpretability than the traditional constructed model. Skeleton sharing process is superior to data sharing and direct model implementation in model implementation.
Fox Vulpes vulpes population trends in Western Europe during and after the eradication of rabies
Authors: Delcourt Johann , Brochier Bernard , Delvaux Dylan , Vangeluwe Didier , Poncin Pascal
Published: March 2022

Over several decades, Western Europe experienced an outbreak of sylvatic rabies, eliminated through an EU programme involving large‐scale red fox vaccination campaigns. While much work has been done on the dynamics of the virus and on the efficiency of vaccination campaigns, very little attention has been paid to the impact on the large‐scale dynamics of the fox population.

As Western Europe has now been free of rabies for about 15–20 years, the aims of this review are to characterise the impact of rabies during the outbreak itself and to increase understanding of how fox populations evolved thereafter. The rabies‐free populations in the UK are also integrated as a comparative control.

Trends in fox populations are based on a review of available data, mainly hunting statistics and a few other methods. The benefits and biases of these methods are also discussed.

During the rabies epizootic, fox populations experienced a significant decline and stabilised at lower densities than observed in the past. A demographic explosion followed the vaccination campaigns, and fox populations became larger than had been observed before the epizootic. Rabies vaccination was not the direct cause of this demographic explosion, as rabies‐free areas experienced it also. The causes are more to be sought in environmental modifications induced by humans.

This demographic explosion was followed by the emergence of urban fox populations throughout Europe. Moreover, the new higher densities favoured the outbreak of other diseases, though their impact was more limited. Around the 2000s, rural fox populations appeared to reach densities close to carrying capacity and populations stabilised. However, subsequently, with some exceptions, Western European fox populations seem to be experiencing a decline. The ecological consequences of these changes in fox population density may reach the many prey species and competitors of the red fox.
Exploring eye care pathways, patient priorities and economics in Pakistan: A scoping review and expert consultation study with thematic analysis
Authors: Malik Manal , Strang Niall , Campbell Pauline , Jonuscheit Sven
Published: March 2022

Purpose

As the prevalence of eye diseases increases, demand for effective, accessible and equitable eye care grows worldwide. This is especially true in lower and middle‐income countries, which have variable levels of infrastructure and economic resources to meet this increased demand. In the present study we aimed to review the literature on eye care in Pakistan comprehensively, with a particular focus on eye care pathways, patient priorities and economics.

Methods

A systematic scoping review was performed to identify literature relating to eye care in Pakistan. Searches of relevant electronic databases and grey literature were carried out. The results were analysed through a mixed methods approach encompassing descriptive numerical summary and thematic analysis. To consolidate results and define priority areas for future study, expert consultation exercises with key stakeholders were conducted using qualitative semi‐structured interviews.

Results

One hundred and thirty‐two papers (published and unpublished) were included in the final review. The majority (n = 93) of studies utilised a quantitative design. Seven interlinked themes were identified: eye care pathways, burden of eye disease, public views on eye‐related issues, workforce, barriers to uptake of eye care services, quality of eye care services and economic impact of blindness. Research priorities included investigating the eye care workforce, the quality and efficiency of current eye care services, eye care services available in rural Pakistan and the costs and benefits related to eye care provision and sustaining eye care programmes.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to synthesise evidence from papers across the field relating to eye care in Pakistan. As such, this work provides new insights into the achievements of the national eye health programme, challenges in eye care in Pakistan and priority areas for future research.
Teaching participatory action research as engaged pedagogy in the time of pandemic
Authors: Peracullo Jeane C.
Published: March 2022

This article reflects on the process, challenges, and opportunities of conducting a graduate‐level class in environmental philosophy for Catholic priests who were seminary formators in the time of pandemic in the Philippines. The final output of the course is a participatory action research project. I developed an engaged pedagogical framework, which draws from the works of Jennifer Ayres that incorporated theological, philosophical, and ecological principles in teaching and facilitating students' research. The development of the tenets, the flourishing of all, right relations, and praxis began from a deep engagement with my students whose influence in the religious and cultural lives of the Filipinos could add to the flourishing of ecological consciousness of the Catholic community in the Philippines.
RhD alloimmunization by DEL variant missed in donor testing
Authors: Safic Stanic Hana , Dogic Vesna , Bingulac‐Popovic Jasna , Kruhonja Galic Zrinka , Stojic Vidovic Miljana , Puljic Kresimir , Jukic Irena
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Exposure to normal or variably expressed RhD antigens in an antigen‐negative individual can elicit an immune response and lead to the formation of clinically significant anti‐D alloantibodies. We present the case of anti‐D alloimmunization by DEL variant missed in routine blood donor screening.

Material and Methods

Blood donors were typed for D antigen using the direct serologic micromethod. Nonreactive samples were confirmed in the indirect antiglobulin method with an IgM/IgG anti‐D monoclonal reagent. Genomic DNA was extracted using a commercial QIAamp DNA Blood Mini kit on the QIAcube device (Qiaqen, Germany). RHD genotyping was performed using the PCR‐SSP genotyping kits‐ Ready Gene D weak, Ready Gene D weak screen, Ready Gene CDE, and Ready Gene D AddOn (Inno‐Train, Germany). Unidentified alleles were sent for DNA genome sequencing.

Results

After identifying DEL positive blood units in RhD negative blood donor pool, a look‐back study was performed to determine if their previous donations caused alloimmunization in recipients. Out of 40 D negative recipients, one developed anti‐D alloantibody after 45 days. The patient did not receive other RhD positive blood products. Blood donor typed D negative in direct and indirect agglutination method. RHD screening was positive, but RHD genotyping and DNA sequencing showed no mutation indicating the normal genotype.

Conclusion

Currently used methods in RHD genotyping are insufficient to identify many variant alleles, especially intronic variations. We suggest additional gene investigation including yet unexplored regions of regulation and intron regions to justify our serological finding.
Different Phases in Manual Materials Handling Have Different Performance Criteria: Evidence From Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Zheng Size , Li Tong , Li Qingguo , Liu Tao
Published: March 2022

A manual material handling task involves the phases of reaching, lifting, unloading, and standing up (RLUS). Understanding the mechanisms of manual material handling is important for occupational health and the development of assist devices. Predictive models are becoming popular in exploring which performance criterion is appropriate in the lifting phase. However, limited attempts have been performed on the other phases. The associated performance criterion for predicting other phases is unknown. In this study, an optimization model for predicting RLUS has been developed with the multi-objective optimization method. Two performance criteria (minimum dynamic effort and maximum balance) were studied to explore their importance in each phase. The result shows that maximum balance leads to joint angle errors 27.6% and 40.9% smaller than minimum dynamic effort in reaching and unloading phases, but 40.4% and 65.9% larger in lifting and standing up phases. When the two performance criteria are combined, the maximum balance could help improve the predicting accuracy in the reaching, lifting, and unloading phases. These findings suggest that people prefer different performance criteria in different phases. This study helps understand the differences in motion strategies in manual materials handling (MMH), which would be used to develop a more accurate predictive model.
Forward and Inverse Problems Related to Nanofluid Flow Between Nonparallel Planes in Uncertain Environment
Authors: Biswal Uddhaba , Chakraverty S. , Ojha Bata Krushna
Published: March 2022

Fluid flow between nonparallel planes has been studied by different authors. Previously, this type of problem has been investigated by considering pure fluid or nanofluid in the constructed channel to find the velocity profile. These are generally known as forward problems. The inverse problem is to compute values of unknown parameters when velocity and remaining parameters may be known. Most of the studies related to the forward problems are reported in a crisp environment. But involved parameters may also be considered as uncertain parameters. In this regard, this article aims to study forward and inverse problems related to nanofluid flow by taking volume fraction as an uncertain parameter in terms of fuzzy number. Here, we have applied the homotopy perturbation method to handle governing differential equation for the considered problem. Firstly, the velocity profile has been computed through various order approximations. Further, the velocity profile is assumed as known, and taking fuzzy volume fraction as an unknown parameter, we have studied the inverse case. Convergence of the obtained results for both forward and inverse cases is also included. The novelty of this research is that if velocity is known to us from some experiments, then targeted unknown parameters may be calculated using the discussed procedure.
Necessity of Coordinating Nondestructive Examination Requirement for Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Wu Chongzhi , Sun Haoming , Peng Zhenguo , Wang Benzheng
Published: March 2022

This article covers the design management of nondestructive examination (NDE) requirements for nuclear power plants. In recent years, there are many problems related to NDE requirements during the construction of nuclear power plants in China. These problems usually occurred at different stages of the projects, or among the boundaries of different engineering disciplines, which are considered to be related to the incoordination of design management. Under some circumstances, NDE requirements may be repeated, missing or conflicted in different design documents, which leads to inconvenience, confusion and even misdirection to technicians, and increases the risk of omitted inspection and even leads to the occurrence of omitted inspection. Some of these problems have an adverse impact on the quality or progress of projects, and probably also pose potential risks to nuclear safety. In order to avoid these NDE problems that should not have occurred, the owners and designers of nuclear power plant need to pay close attention to promoting the coordination of NDE requirements. Suggestions are made from three aspects: (1) Coordinate the NDE requirements among different class structures, systems and components (SSCs). (2) Coordinate the NDE requirements at the phases of manufacturing, installation and preservice inspection. (3) Standardize the presentation mode of NDE requirements in design documents.
On the Combination of Random Matrix Theory With Measurements on a Single Structure
Authors: Igea Felipe , Chatzis Manolis N. , Cicirello Alice
Published: March 2022

An approach is proposed for the evaluation of the probability density functions (PDFs) of the modal parameters for an ensemble of nominally identical structures when there is only access to a single structure and the dispersion parameter is known. The approach combines the Eigensystem realization algorithm on sets of dynamic data, with an explicit nonparametric probabilistic method. A single structure, either a mathematical model or a prototype, is used to obtain simulated data or measurements that are employed to build a discrete time state-space model description. The dispersion parameter is used to describe the uncertainty due to different sources such as the variability found in the population and the identification errors found in the noisy measurements from the experiments. With this approach, instead of propagating the uncertainties through the governing equations of the system, the distribution of the modal parameters of the whole ensemble is obtained by randomizing the matrices in the state-space model with an efficient procedure. The applicability of the approach is shown through the analysis of a two degrees-of-freedom mass-spring-damper system and a cantilever system. The results show that if the source of uncertainty is unknown and it is possible to specify an overall level of uncertainty, by having access to a single system's measurements, it is possible to evaluate the resulting PDFs on the modal parameters. It was also found that high values of the dispersion parameter may lead to nonphysical results such as negative damping ratios values.
Flexible refractive and diffractive micro-optical films shaped by fitting aspherical microprofiles with featured aperture and depth and their spatial arrangement for imaging applications
Authors: Huang Wenhai , Liu Taige , Wang Zhe , Yuan Xiangdong , Zhang Bo , Hu Chai , Liu Kewei , Shi Jiashuo , Zhang Xinyu
Published: March 2022

Patterned surface microstructures over a common silicon wafer are constructed by a single-mask ultraviolet (UV) photolithography and a dual-step wet potassium hydroxide etching. Oriented surface contours such as aspherical refractive profiles, diffractive phase steps, or even the composite appearance shaped by combining both refractive and diffractive microprofiles can be accurately predicted and finely configured through computational fitting. This critical operation involves a careful adjustment of the location of silicon microholes with suitable apertures and concave depths so as to outline a needed square microwindow map defined by the single-mask UV photolithography. This approach leads to an aspherical surface or phase steps with required roughness based on a greedy algorithm developed in-house. The obtained micro-optical films can be effectively used to transform common laser beams with a typical Gaussian profile into patterned beams with various complicated wavefronts. The proposed method highlights a low-cost development of adaptive optical imaging by constructing relatively complicated wavefront or objective circumstances for quantitatively evaluating imaging efficiency. The technology should find typical applications in antilaser interference or attack imaging.
Somatostatin venom analogs evolved by fish-hunting cone snails: From prey capture behavior to identifying drug leads
Authors: Ramiro Iris Bea L. , Bjørn-Yoshimoto Walden E. , Imperial Julita S. , Gajewiak Joanna , Salcedo Paula Flórez , Watkins Maren , Taylor Dylan , Resager William , Ueberheide Beatrix , Bräuner-Osborne Hans , Whitby Frank G. , Hill Christopher P. , Martin Laurent F. , Patwardhan Amol , Concepcion Gisela P. , Olivera Baldomero M. , Safavi-Hemami Helena
Published: March 2022

Somatostatin (SS) is a peptide hormone with diverse physiological roles. By investigating a deep-water clade of fish-hunting cone snails, we show that predator-prey evolution has generated a diverse set of SS analogs, each optimized to elicit specific systemic physiological effects in prey. The increased metabolic stability, distinct SS receptor activation profiles, and chemical diversity of the venom analogs make them suitable leads for therapeutic application, including pain, cancer, and endocrine disorders. Our findings not only establish the existence of SS-like peptides in animal venoms but also serve as a model for the synergy gained from combining molecular phylogenetics and behavioral observations to optimize the discovery of natural products with biomedical potential.
Local temporal Rac1-GTP nadirs and peaks restrict cell protrusions and retractions
Authors: Hu Jianjiang , Gong Xiaowei , Strömblad Staffan
Published: March 2022

Cells probe their microenvironment using membrane protrusion-retraction cycles. Spatiotemporal coordination of Rac1 and RhoA GTP-binding activities initiates and reinforces protrusions and retractions, but the control of their finite lifetime remains unclear. We examined the relations of Rac1 and RhoA GTP-binding levels to key protrusion and retraction events, as well as to cell-ECM traction forces at physiologically relevant ECM stiffness. High RhoA-GTP preceded retractions and Rac1-GTP elevation before protrusions. Notable temporal Rac1-GTP nadirs and peaks occurred at the maximal edge velocity of local membrane protrusions and retractions, respectively, followed by declined edge velocity. Moreover, altered local Rac1-GTP consistently preceded similarly altered traction force. Local optogenetic Rac1-GTP perturbations defined a function of Rac1 in restricting protrusions and retractions and in promoting local traction force. Together, we show that Rac1 plays a fundamental role in restricting the size and durability of protrusions and retractions, plausibly in part through controlling traction forces.
First demonstration of tuning between the Kitaev and Ising limits in a honeycomb lattice
Authors: Bahrami Faranak , Hu Xiaodong , Du Yonghua , Lebedev Oleg I. , Wang Chennan , Luetkens Hubertus , Fabbris Gilberto , Graf Michael J. , Haskel Daniel , Ran Ying , Tafti Fazel
Published: March 2022

Recent observations of novel spin-orbit coupled states have generated interest in 4
d
/5
d
transition metal systems. A prime example is the

J
eff

=

1
2

state in iridate materials and α-RuCl
3
that drives Kitaev interactions. Here, by tuning the competition between spin-orbit interaction (λ
SOC
) and trigonal crystal field (Δ
T
), we restructure the spin-orbital wave functions into a previously unobserved

μ
=

1
2

state that drives Ising interactions. This is done via a topochemical reaction that converts Li
2
RhO
3
to Ag
3
LiRh
2
O
6
. Using perturbation theory, we present an explicit expression for the

μ
=

1
2

state in the limit Δ
T
≫ λ
SOC
realized in Ag
3
LiRh
2
O
6
, different from the conventional

J
eff

=

1
2

state in the limit λ
SOC
≫ Δ
T
realized in Li
2
RhO
3
. The change of ground state is followed by a marked change of magnetism from a 6 K spin-glass in Li
2
RhO
3
to a 94 K antiferromagnet in Ag
3
LiRh
2
O
6
.
Single-molecule field effect and conductance switching driven by electric field and proton transfer
Authors: Yan Zhuang , Li Xingxing , Li Yusen , Jia Chuancheng , Xin Na , Li Peihui , Meng Linan , Zhang Miao , Chen Long , Yang Jinlong , Wang Rongming , Guo Xuefeng
Published: March 2022

Single-molecule junctions (SMJs) offer a novel strategy for miniaturization of electronic devices. In this work, we realize a graphene-porphyrin-graphene SMJ driven by electric field and proton transfer in two configurations. In the transistor configuration with ionic liquid gating, an unprecedented field-effect performance is achieved with a maximum on/off ratio of ~4800 and a gate efficiency as high as ~179 mV/decade in consistence with the theoretical prediction. In the other configuration, controllable proton transfer, tautomerization switching, is directly observed with bias dependence. Room temperature proton transfer leads to a two-state conductance switching, and more precise tautomerization is detected, showing a four-state conductance switching at high bias voltages and low temperatures. Such an SMJ in two configurations provides new insights into not only building multifunctional molecular nanocircuits toward real applications but also deciphering the intrinsic properties of matters at the molecular scale.
From room temperature to harsh temperature applications: Fundamentals and perspectives on electrolytes in zinc metal batteries
Authors: Liu Sailin , Zhang Ruizhi , Mao Jianfeng , Zhao Yunlong , Cai Qiong , Guo Zaiping
Published: March 2022

As one of the most competitive candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems, the emerging rechargeable zinc metal battery (ZMB) is inevitably influenced by beyond-room-temperature conditions, resulting in inferior performances. Although much attention has been paid to evaluating the performance of ZMBs under extreme temperatures in recent years, most academic electrolyte research has not provided adequate information about physical properties or practical testing protocols of their electrolytes, making it difficult to assess their true performance. The growing interest in ZMBs is calling for in-depth research on electrolyte behavior under harsh practical conditions, which has not been systematically reviewed yet. Hence, in this review, we first showcase the fundamentals behind the failure of ZMBs in terms of temperature influence and then present a comprehensive understanding of the current electrolyte strategies to improve battery performance at harsh temperatures. Last, we offer perspectives on the advance of ZMB electrolytes toward industrial application.
Reevaluation of whether a Functional Agr-like Quorum-Sensing System Is Necessary for Production of Wild-Type Levels of Epsilon-Toxin by Clostridium perfringens Type D Strains
Authors: Mehdizadeh Gohari Iman , Li Jihong , Rood Julian I. , McClane Bruce A.
Published: March 2022

Since epsilon-toxin (ETX) is necessary for the virulence of
C. perfringens
type D and, likely, type B strains, understanding the regulation of ETX production is important. In 2011, we reported that an
agrB
null mutant of type D strain CN3718 produces less ETX than its wild-type parent.
Near-Complete Proviral Genome Sequence of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Isolated from an Attwater’s Prairie Chicken (
Tympanuchus cupido attwateri
)
Authors: Willis Bianca , Stewart Brittany , Cox Faith , Lujan Tiffany , Haefele Holly , Romano Camila , Brady Jeff , Edwards Dustin
Published: March 2022

We report the near-complete proviral genome sequence of a reticuloendotheliosis virus isolated and propagated from an endangered Attwater’s prairie chicken (
Tympanuchus cupido attwateri
) during a 2016–2017 outbreak at a captive breeding facility.
Sedimentation sign: a classical finding on tumorous calcinosis
Authors: Pires Verena , Cavaca Rita Pereira , Oliveira Rui Caetano , Marques Cristina
Published: March 2022

The authors describe the case of a man in his 60s who presented with progressive pain and swelling of the right hip. Imaging features showed a densely calcified lesion associated with ‘sedimentation sign’. Laboratory tests revealed slight hyperphosphataemia. Surgical excision of the lesion was performed. Histological examination revealed chalky material surrounded by fibrosis and giant multinucleated cells, compatible with tumorous calcinosis. Patient made a full recovery. We report a rare case of tumorous calcinosis and compare this condition with its common mimics.