bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tempos de espera para atendimento usando sistema de triagem de manchester em um hospital de urgência
Authors: Chianca Tânia Couto Machado , Costa Relbson de Matos , Vidigal Michelle Viana , Silva Ludmila Christiane Rosa da , Diniz Graziele Alexandrina , Araújo Joyce Henriques Vasconcelos , Souza Cristiane Chaves de
Published: February 2017

El Sistema de Triaje Manchester (STM) se utiliza en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarias para determinar la prioridad clínica del paciente, optimando el tiempo de espera para la atención médica. Son escasos los estudios que miden el tiempo de espera. Objetivo: Evaluar el tiempo de espera de los pacientes en el servicio de urgencias de un hospital público. Método: Estudio descriptivo realizado en un hospital público brasileño con una población de 68.215 expedientes de pacientes atendidos en 2014. Los datos se recogieron por consulta en expedientes en la base de datos electrónica del hospital. El análisis estadístico descriptivo se realizó en los programas SPSS 21.0 con el software R 3.2.1. Resultados: El tiempo de espera entre la recepción y el comienzo del triaje fue de 12:23 minutos en promedio. La media del tiempo de espera entre el comienzo de triaje y el final fue de 2:06 minutos. Sólo 32,3% de los pacientes clasificados como anaranjado fueron atendidos por un médico hasta diez minutos después del triaje. La mayoría (58,2%) de los pacientes clasificados como amarillo recibió atención médica hasta 60 minutos después del triaje. En general, los pacientes esperaban en media 52:03 minutos entre su llegada al hospital y la atención médica. Conclusión: los enfermeros seleccionaron pacientes dentro del tiempo recomendado por el STM. La mayoría de los pacientes clasificados como anaranjado y 41,8% de los amarillo esperaron más que el tiempo recomendado por el STM. Esto demuestra la necesidad de establecer flujos de asistencia para reducir los tiempos de espera y cumplir las recomendaciones del STM.
Percepción del riesgo de inundación por desbordamiento de presa en zona urbana vulnerable
Authors: Serrato de la Cruz Bertha Amalia , Garcia Gastelum Alejandro , Figueroa Beltran Carlos , Pantle Cebada Dinorah
Published: February 2017

La imagen que un grupo social construye sobre el espacio o territorio en que se desenvuelve es el resultado de la superposición y acumulación de percepciones individuales, dicha percepción constituye una parte de la realidad complementaria a las evaluaciones técnicas. En este artículo se describe la percepción social del riesgo de inundación de la zona urbana localizada aguas abajo de la cortina de la presa Emilio López Zamora, ubicada al noroeste de la ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, México. Se utiliza metodología cualitativa en tres fases: Primera fase se elabora una pregunta conductora que da inicio a la investigación de campo, tiene como objetivo definir qué elementos de la percepción se analizaran. Se utiliza la entrevista semiestructurada. En la segunda fase se diseña una encuesta como técnica de recolección de datos. Cada pregunta hace referencia a los elementos de percepción previamente definidos. En la tercera fase los datos se analizan desde una visión descriptiva. Los resultados muestran que los elementos a considerar en un estudio de percepción del riesgo de inundación son la identificación de la amenaza, la identificación del riesgo, la información previa de inundación y las prioridades de la población en la zona de estudio.
Usos de los medios de transporte y accesibilidad urbana. Un estudio de caso en el Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, México.
Authors: Calonge Reillo Fernando
Published: February 2017

En las últimas dos décadas la organización del territorio y la disposición de los sistemas de transportes ha condicionado seriamente la forma como los hogares segregados de bajos recursos acceden a los principales servicios urbanos y lugares para el desarrollo de sus actividades más básicas. Esta problemática ha llevado al desarrollo de los estudios sobre la accesibilidad urbana. No obstante, la mayor parte de las investigaciones se han realizado en el contexto de las urbes desarrolladas. Este artículo contribuye a afianzar las investigaciones que se ubican en el contexto de los países pobres o en desarrollo, y tiene la intención de mostrar cómo las poblaciones de espacios no centrales y periféricos de la metrópolis llegan y se desplazan a sus centros de trabajo y educativos, a los comercios, clínicas y hospitales. Se presentan los principales resultados de una encuesta de movilidad realizada en el Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, México en 2015, con la intención de matizar y complementar los principales hallazgos y recomendaciones sobre la accesibilidad urbana que se acuñan desde los países desarrollados.
Die Vertextung von Termini als Ausweis textueller Strategien in technischen Textsorten
Authors: Kastberg Peter
Published: February 2017

In this paper I argue that the textualization of terms in technical texts - be it as part of a procedural condensation or expansion - is determined by the author’s textual and text generic strategy in appreciation of the knowledge level and knowledge interest of his addressee rather than the technical matter conveyed in the text.
Die Wiederentdeckung des kommunikativen Körpers - Rhetorik, Theatralik und Interkulturelle Wirtschaftskommunikation
Authors: Kalverkämper Hartwig
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
Metaphor matters
Authors: Andersen Mette Skovgaard
Published: February 2017

The present article is intended as a contribution to the discussion of one of the most neg-lected themes in metaphor-research, i.e. the translation of metaphors in LSP-texts. It reports a pair of corpus space analyses, which were conducted as part of my Ph.D.-the-sis about translators’ metaphor-competence. The article takes as its starting-point the notion of context-dependent identification criteria in abstract themes such as business cycles and ends with the suggestion that we as researchers of translation should perhaps approach the problem from a more cotext-oriented point of view.
Disposal of Animal Waste as a Risk Factor in the Spread of Zoonotic Pathogens
Authors: Plavša Nada , Jotanović Stoja , Savić Đorđe
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study is to give an overview of the production and management of animal waste in the Republic of Serbia, and to emphasize the importance of this issue and its proper solution. Disposal of animal waste is a significant prophylactic measure, aimed at detecting, preventing, suppressing and eradicating infectious and parasitic diseases in humans and animals. The process of animal waste disposal starts from the manufacturer, who is responsible for ensuring safe storage of waste in a cooling unit, until its final removal in the processing plant. Disposal of animal waste must be done in a safe way otherwise dangerous pathogens can be spread by water, air and soil and can endanger the health of the population. In the European Union, and the Republic of Serbia accordingly, the legislation was introduced regulating the ways of managing animal waste, categorizing hazardous waste and ways to its secure resolving, with member states obliged to respect and apply the methods of safe handling of by-products of animal origin.
Insurance as an Instrument of Agricultural Risk Management in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Authors: Stojanović Tamara , Mrdalj Vesna , Pašalić Boris
Published: February 2017

Agricultural production in the Republic of Srpska is faced with numerous risks. However, little attention has been paid in the past, to the surveys of the agricultural risk management and insurance. After the general overview of basic risk types and risk management instruments in agriculture, the second part of the paper presents results on significance and acceptance of insurance services in the Republic of Srpska covering a five-year period (2010-2014). Based on the survey results, the authors conclude that although 88% of insurance companies do offer insurance products to farmers and 15% of farmers use the insurance products to manage their risks, this market segment is insignificant compared to the overall insurance market. In conclusion, the authors try to indicate the ways of stronger cohesion between farmers, insurance companies and government which would contribute to the establishment of integrated and sustainable risk management system in the agriculture of the Republic of Srpska.
Biological Characterstics and Productivity of Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) Plants According to Different Term of Seedling Sowing
Authors: Panayotov Nikolay , Popova Ani
Published: February 2017

The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different time of sowing of seedlings on the behaviors of morphological development and productivity of cape gooseberry. The experiments were carried out with varieties Plovdiv and Obrazec 1 with 15-day sowing intervals between 01.03, 15.03. and 30.03. Phenological observations were done. Main morphological characteristics of the plants, in stages of flower buds, flowering and fruiting were investigated. Contents of dry matter, total sugar, total acid, vitamin C and pectin were analyzed. The highest productivity was established on 15.03. as the sowing date for both varieties with 40.83% (Plovdiv) and 16.07% (Obrazec 1) above the variant with the lowest yield.
State of and Conditions for Viticulture Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Banjanin Tijana , Berjan Siniša , Milić Vesna , El Bilali Hamid
Published: February 2017

This paper presents the state-of-the-art of viticulture development in BiH. Research is based on the extensive literature review. A number of secondary data sources have been consulted. Viticulture in BiH is characterized by the dominance of small family owned vineyards (up to 2 ha). In older plantations there are mainly autochthonous cultivars while in new vineyards there is a modern cultivar assortment. Although BiH has a good potential and excellent conditions for viticulture, wine imports are almost five times higher than exports. Therefore, there is a need for better cooperation of professional, scientific and government institutions with grapevine growers and wineries in order to modernize production process. This cooperation is essential especially in organizing the production of virus-free propagation material, during the introduction of new cultivars and for preserving autochthonous varieties in the vineyards of BiH.
Morfološko-anatomske karakteristike jednogodišnjih prirasta podloga jabuke
Authors: Stojnić Slobodan , Mićić Nikola , Đurić Gordana , Cvetković Miljan , Gjamovski Viktor
Published: February 2017

Anatomsko-morfološke karakteristike izdanaka vegetativnih podloga jabuke (5 klonova podloge M9: T337; Burgmer 984; Fleuron 56; Pajam®1 Lancep i Pajam®2 Cepiland; Jork 9, Mark (MAC 9), M26, Supporter 4 i MM106) ispitivane su u 2013. i 2014. godini, u periodu mirovanja vegetacije. Ispitivane podloge gajene su u modifikovanom zemljišnom supstratu preporučenom za proizvodnju kontejnerskih sadnica, a koji predstavlja smješu zemljišta, pijeska i treseta u odnosu 1:1:1. Kod svih podloga utvrđene su vrijednosti dijametra izdanaka na visini od 25 cm, ukupna površina poprečnog presjeka, površina kore na poprečnom presjeku i procentualna zastupljenost kore u ukupnoj površini poprečnog presjeka izdanka. Dijametar izdanka najveći je kod podloge Pajam 2, a samim tim i površina poprečnog presjeka, dok je najmanja vrijednost dijametra i površina poprečnog presjeka izdanaka konstatovana kod podloge Mark. Najveći udio kore u ukupnoj površini presjeka zabilježen je kod podloge Supporter 4, a najmanji kod podloge Pajam 2. Klonovi podloge M9 međusobno ne pokazuju značajne razlike u pitanju procentualnog udjela kore u poprečnom presjeku. Nije utvrđena direktna veza između udjela kore u presjeku izdanka i dijametra izdanka.
PRODUCTION OF GLASS-CERAMICS FROM WASTE MATERIALS AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE MAIN PROCESS PARAMETERS
Authors: Angjusheva Biljana , Fidancevski Emilija , Lisichkov Kiril , Jovanov Vojo
Published: February 2017

In this study the 3D surface model was successfully applied in investigating the influence of theprocess parameters on the physical and mechanical properties of the glass-ceramics. Glassceramicswas produced from coal fly ash and waste glass through the sintering method. The rawmaterial was taken from “REK Bitola”, a thermal power plant in the Republic of Macedonia.Glass-ceramics was obtained through the process of consolidation. Compacts with different ratio offly ash and waste glass were pressed at 45 MPa, sintered in the temperature interval from 1000 to1100oC, and isothermal time at the final temperature from 1h to 5h. The process of optimizationwas conducted on the process parameters such as quantity of glass, sintering temperature andisothermal time. According to the results of the process of optimization presented by the softwarepackage, a final model equations of the density and bending strength dependence were obtained.
ISTRAŽIVANJE ZADOVOLJSTVA KORISNIKA USLUGE U FARMACEUTSKOJ MALOPRODAJI PRIMENOM SERVQAL METODE
Authors: Ćortoševa Sonja , Gavranska-Nečev Emilija
Published: February 2017

Novi izazovi sa kojima se susreću kompanije na početku 21-og veka zahtevaju nove pristupe uupravljanju kvalitetom. Percepcija kvaliteta proizvoda i usluga od strane potrošača je jedan odključnih elemenata za poslovne performanse i opstanak organizacije na konkurentnom tržištu, asamim tim i neophodnost za stalno praćenje njihovog zadovoljstva. Cilj ovog rada je da se istražizadovoljstvo korisnika usluga lanca apoteka privatne veledrogerije primenom SERVQUAL modela.Interna konzistentnost, validnost i pouzdanost SERVQUAL modela je izvedena primenom Cronbachalfa koeficijenta i faktorskom analizom. Rezultati analize gepova između očekivanja i percepcijekorisnika usluga apoteka ukazuju na to da su korisnici usluge generalno zadovoljni uslugom(ukupan gep je -0,32). Ocena percepiranog kvaliteta je najveća za dimenziju sigurnost, a najmanjaza pouzdanost i odgovornost. Najveći gep je utvrđen za dimenziju kvaliteta - opipljivi elementi(atmosfera u apoteci, kompletnost asortimana i cena proizvoda), a najmanji za empatiju(posvećivanje posebne pažnje svakom pojedincu, jednak tretman i razumevanje specifičnih potrebakorisnika i radno vreme apoteke).Prezentirane su preporuke za unapređenje kvaliteta usluga ipovećanje zadovoljstva potrošaća.
CatSperζ regulates the structural continuity of sperm Ca2+ signaling domains and is required for normal fertility
Authors: Chung Jean-Ju , Miki Kiyoshi , Kim Doory , Shim Sang-Hee , Shi Huanan F , Hwang Jae Yeon , Cai Xinjiang , Iseri Yusuf , Zhuang Xiaowei , Clapham David E
Published: February 2017

We report that the Gm7068 (CatSpere) and Tex40 (CatSperz) genes encode novel subunits of a 9-subunit CatSper ion channel complex. Targeted disruption of CatSperz reduces CatSper current and sperm rheotactic efficiency in mice, resulting in severe male subfertility. Normally distributed in linear quadrilateral nanodomains along the flagellum, the complex lacking CatSperζ is disrupted at ~0.8 μm intervals along the flagellum. This disruption renders the proximal flagellum inflexible and alters the 3D flagellar envelope, thus preventing sperm from reorienting against fluid flow in vitro and efficiently migrating in vivo. Ejaculated CatSperz-null sperm cells retrieved from the mated female uterus partially rescue in vitro fertilization (IVF) that failed with epididymal spermatozoa alone. Human CatSperε is quadrilaterally arranged along the flagella, similar to the CatSper complex in mouse sperm. We speculate that the newly identified CatSperζ subunit is a late evolutionary adaptation to maximize fertilization inside the mammalian female reproductive tract.
The Different Effects Of Endogenous And Exogenous Sex Hormones On Cerebrovascular Diseases
Authors: Shafiee Sabet Mehdi , Hossein Harirchian Mohammad
Published: February 2017

Background: A sexual dimorphism is seen in ischemic stroke. Women have lower stroke incidence than men until an advanced age, when the epidemiology of ischemic stroke shifts and incidence rises dramatically in women. This could indicate the role of sex hormones in pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases. This Review summarizes the sex differences related to stroke, and the effects of endogenous and exogenAous hormones on the cerebrovasculature of the male and female brain.
Methods: We conducted a vast review to analyze possible associations between exposure to endogenous and exogenous female and male steroid hormones and the risks of cerebrovascular diseases. This association is discussed in the context of the effects of sex hormone levels on the progression of atherosclerosis, the vascular tone, and various risk factors including patient's lipid profile, arterial blood pressure and diabetes. Their therapeutic potentials is also reviewed.
Results: There is a debate on the role of androgens. A large array of data testifies in favor of a variety of neuroprotective androgen effects in men mostly, but in many cases in women as well. Testosterone supplementation in low to normal levels in hypogonadal men has mostly been shown to benefit the subjects receiving it, but administration in supraphysiological doses however, along with anabolic steroid abuse, seems to adversely affect both the lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in men. Its effects in women have yet to be researched in depth. Due to the lower stroke incidence observed in pre-menopausal women and robust preclinical evidence of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of estrogen, researchers have focused on the potential benefits of hormones to reduce ischemic brain injury. However, hormone therapy to postmenopausal females increases the risk and severity of ischemic stroke. Moreover, while estrogen treatment is neuroprotective in younger females, estrogen paradoxically increases infarct volume in acyclic females, which could be due to decreased availability of IGF-1, a neuroprotectant which decreases with advancing age and is down-regulated by estrogen treatment. A wealth of experimental evidence supports the neuroprotective properties of progesterone, and associated metabolites, following various types of central nervous system injury. In particular, for ischemic stroke, studies have also begun to reveal possible mechanisms of such neuroprotection.
Conclusion: In conclusion, sex hormones have major roles in sex dimorphism in ischemic stroke. As the debate on the effects of sex hormones continues, understanding the minutie of the implication of them becomes increasingly important. An understanding of the effects of endogenous and exogenous estrogens on cerebral hemodynamics could guide research into explaining how sex hormones have paradoxical outcomes in ischemic events in men and women.
Preventive Potential Of Borneol In Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Esmaeeli Hadi , Ataei Ramin
Published: February 2017

Borneol is a bicyclic organic compound found in several species of Artemisia, Dipterocarpaceae and etc.   It can easily permeate through the blood brain barrier and acts directly in neurons. Ischemic stroke, an imbalance of the blood supply to the brain because of blood clots, is a severe condition with high mortality and morbidity that represents 87% of all stroke cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of borneol in the prevention of stroke.Borneol can be synthesized by reduction of camphor by the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction. Protection against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion Injury in Cortical Neurons by anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation through nuclear transcription factor κappaB signaling pathway is one of suggested mechanisms for borneol. Combination of some compounds and borneol can have a synergistic effect on treating ischemic stroke in a rat model. Also borneol permeating can increased into brain in the pathological state of stroke. This review was made to help better understanding of the borneol evaluation in ischemic stroke prevention.
Initial Administration Of TPA For Ischemic Stroke In Atieh Hospital
Authors: Sabahi Majid , Ghazvinian Saeid , Hamiditabar MohammadAli , Bayat Saeid , Hakim NadiaAmalia
Published: February 2017

Fibrinolytic therapy has a crucial role in decreasing morbidity and mortality of patients who suffer from ischemic stroke.The primary goal of therapy in acute ischemic stroke is to preserve tissue in the ischemic penumbra, where perfusion is decreased but sufficient to stave off infarction. Tissue in this area of oligemia can be preserved by restoring blood flow to the compromised area and optimizing collateral flow.(4).Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator or TPA is a well-known medication for improving neurologic outcome in these patients.We present an acute ischemic stroke case, whom we started loading dose of TPA in the Emergency Room and continued maintenance dosage in the assigned Stroke ICU. She made a great recovery when she discharged from the hospital after one week and became independent in her daily activity when we met her after few months.
Pathogenesis Concept Of Extracranial Dissections In Iran
Authors: Ghandehari Kavian
Published: February 2017

Background: Dissection of Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery (EICA) and Extracranial Vertebral Artery (EVA) is an amportant cause of brain infarction with miscellaneous etiologies around the world.Methods: A prospective observational clinical study was conducted in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran between 2008-2016. Diagnosis of brain infarction and TIA was made by stroke neurologist. Detection of EICA and EVA dissections were made by performing CT angiography  and MR angiography  or DSA in the suspected patients. Demographic features, clinical manifestations, territorial involvement, pathophysiology and pathogenesis of dissections were assessed in all of the patients. Pathogenesis of dissections was classified as Idiopathic, Trumatic, Postural and Genetic categories.Results: Twenty eight patients (21 males, 7 females) were admitted with extracranial arterial dissection. Mean age of males and females with dissection was 39.81± 4.2 and 35.71±6.1 years respectively. Influence of gender on age of the patients was not significant, p>0.05. Among patients with extracranial dissection only 3.6% had atherosclerosis risk factors and 96.4% had no other cause for brain infarction. 100% of extracranial dissections in males occured in carotid territory, while 28.6% of females had dissection in the EVA. The influence of gender in territory of dissection was significant, p<0.05. Idiopathic dissections and genetic susceptibility was found in 10.7% and 3.6% of extracranial dissections respectively. 53.5% of the patienrs had trumatic pathogenesis for extracranial dissections and 32.1% developed dissection due to special neck  postures. Important details in pathophysiology and pathogenesis of extracranial dissections will be presented in the lecture.Conclusion: Stroke patients with extracranial dissections have characteristic demographic and  territorial involvement. Trumatic pathogenesis is the most frequent cause of dissection in Iran followed by neck postural injry. Dissection, Etiology, Pathogenesis
Retrospective observation of drug susceptibility ofCandidastrains in the years 1999, 2004, and 2015
Authors: Łukaszuk Cecylia , Krajewska-Kułak Elżbieta , Kułak Wojciech
Published: February 2017

Introduction

There is much literature devoted to the problem of drug resistance and decreased susceptibility of fungi to commonly used antifungals.

Aim

To analyze drug susceptibility ofCandida albicansandnon-Candida albicansstrains isolated from the hands of people without any symptoms of disease over a 16-year period.

Materials and Methods

The study included a total of 1,274Candida-type strainsisolated from the hands of people without any symptoms of disease,including: in 1999, 432 strains; in 2004, 368; and in 2015, 454 strains. Biological monitoring of hand surface contamination was performed using the Count-TactTMapplicator with Count-Tact plates (bioMerieux). Drug susceptibility was evaluated using FUNGITEST®.

Results

In 1999, the most strains showed resistance to fluconazole (53.2%), in 2004 to itraconazole (52.9%), and in 2015 to fluconazole (85.8%). Resistance to more than one drug was 35.8% in 1999, 64.7% in 2004, and 92% in 2015. Mean resistance to azole antifungals significantly increased from 98 ± 39.7 strains in 1999 to 118.3 ± 29.6 in 2015 (p < 0.001). In 1999, the most strains showed resistance to fluconazole (50.6%), in 2004 to itraconazole (52.9%), and in 2015 to fluconazole (44.9%). Resistance to more than one drug was 52.9% in 1999, 64.3% in 2004, and 88.1% in 2015. Mean resistance to azole antifungals significantly increased from a mean of 76 ± 9.7 strains in 1999, to 95.3 ± 24.2 in 2004, and to 97.3 ± 16.6 in 2015 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

We showed increasedC. albicansandnon-Candida albicansstrain resistance to commonly used antifungal chemotherapeutics, mainly imidazole. We found a clear rise in susceptibility ofC. albicansandnon-Candida albicansstrains to several studied antifungals.
Tartrazine induces structural and functional aberrations and genotoxic effectsin vivo
Authors: Khayyat Latifa , Essawy Amina , Sorour Jehan , Soffar Ahmed
Published: February 2017

Tartrazine is a synthetic organic azo dye widely used in food and pharmaceutical products. The current study aimed to evaluate the possible adverse effect of this coloring food additive on renal and hepatic structures and functions. Also, the genotoxic potential of tartrazine on white blood cells was investigated using comet assay. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were grouped into two groups of 10 each, control- and tartrazine-treated groups. The control group was administered orally with water alone. The experimental group was administered orally with tartrazine (7.5 mg/kg, b.wt.). Our results showed a marked increase in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, creatinine, MDA and NO, and a decreased level of total antioxidants in the serum of rats dosed with tartrazine compared to controls. On the other hand, administration of tartrazine was associated with severe histopathological and cellular alterations of rat liver and kidney tissues and induced DNA damage in leucocytes as detected by comet assay. Taken together, the results showed that tartrazine intake may lead to adverse health effects.
Winter mean lower tropospheric moisture over the Maritime Continent as a climate model diagnostic metric for the propagation of the Madden‐Julian oscillation
Authors: Gonzalez Alex O. , Jiang Xianan
Published: February 2017

Despite its widespread influences on the atmosphere, the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) remains poorly represented in state‐of‐the‐art general circulation models (GCMs). Motivated by recent findings that the horizontal advection of the mean low‐tropospheric moist static energy or moisture by the MJO winds plays a crucial role in the eastward propagation of the MJO, we investigate the relationship between lower tropospheric moisture patterns over the Indo‐Pacific and MJO eastward propagation in a suite of 23 GCM simulations. Model capability of reproducing the observed November–April mean lower tropospheric moisture pattern over the Indo‐Pacific, especially near the Maritime Continent (MC), is highly correlated with model skill in simulating MJO eastward propagation. In GCMs with difficulty capturing realistic MJO propagation, the amplitude of the mean low‐level moisture over the MC is greatly underestimated, leading to weak horizontal moisture gradients and thus discrepancies in moisture advection, significantly affecting MJO propagation. This study suggests that the mean lower tropospheric moisture pattern over the MC can serve as an important diagnostic metric for MJO propagation in climate models.
Sedimentation from buoyant muddy plumes in the presence of interface mixing: An experimental study
Authors: Rouhnia Mohamad , Strom Kyle
Published: February 2017

A series of flume experiments were conducted to study the sediment removal rates, characterized by an effective settling velocity, from buoyant muddy plumes overriding clear saltwater at steady state conditions under different Richardson numbers and initial suspended sediment concentrations. The experiments were all carried out in the subcritical regime, leading to cusps style instabilities at the interface of the two fluids. Flocculation in the experiments was not suppressed, yet flocs remained small while in the plume layer. Data from the experiments allowed for calculation of the individual floc settling velocity,
, and the overall effective settling velocity,
, i.e., that velocity needed to predict the downward flux with
. Results showed that
was greater than the floc settling velocity in all runs.
was found to increase with plume velocity and interface mixing but not with plume concentration. The difference between the effective and floc settling velocities was therefore attributed to turbulent diffusion brought on by mixing at the interface and not to convective sedimentation or leaking. The turbulence enhanced settling velocity,
, was found to be a strong function of the Richardson number, and conceptual and empirical equations are presented to predict
as a function of the plume surface velocity, Ups, and Richardson number, Ri; this analysis showed that
. In the runs with low Richardson number,
was approximately equal to the floc settling velocity, leading to an overall doubling of the effective settling velocity relative to that of the individual particles.
Rapid processing of 85Kr/Kr ratios using Atom Trap Trace Analysis
Authors: Zappala J. C. , Bailey K. , Mueller P. , O'Connor T. P. , Purtschert R.
Published: February 2017

We report a methodology for measuring 85Kr/Kr isotopic abundances using Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) that increases sample measurement throughput by over an order of magnitude to six samples per 24 h. The noble gas isotope 85Kr (half‐life = 10.7 years) is a useful tracer for young groundwater in the age range of 5–50 years. ATTA, an efficient and selective laser‐based atom counting method, has recently been applied to 85Kr/Kr isotopic abundance measurements, requiring 5–10 μL of krypton gas at STP extracted from 50 to 100 L of water. Previously, a single such measurement required 48 h. Our new method demonstrates that we can measure 85Kr/Kr ratios with 3–5% relative uncertainty every 4 h, on average, with the same sample requirements.
Growth rate measurement of ULF waves in the ion foreshock
Authors: Dorfman S. , Hietala H. , Astfalk P. , Angelopoulos V.
Published: February 2017

We report the first satellite measurement of the ultralow frequency (ULF) wave growth rate in the upstream region of the Earth's bow shock. We employ the two identical ARTEMIS spacecraft orbiting the Moon to characterize crescent‐shaped reflected ion beams and relatively monochromatic ULF waves. The event presented here features spacecraft separation of ∼2.5 Earth radii (0.9 ± 0.1 wavelengths) in the solar wind flow direction along a nearly radial interplanetary magnetic field. The ULF wave growth rate is estimated and found to fall within dispersion solver predictions during the initial growth time. Observed frequencies and wave numbers are also within the predicted range. Other ULF wave properties such as the phase speed, obliquity, and polarization are consistent with expectations from resonant beam instability theory and prior satellite measurements. These results will inform future missions near bow and interplanetary shocks as well as future nonlinear studies related to turbulence and dissipation in the heliosphere.
Neural correlates of adaptive working memory training in a glycogen storage disease type‐IV patient
Authors: Lee Kristin , Ernst Thomas , Løhaugen Gro , Zhang Xin , Chang Linda
Published: February 2017

Glycogen storage disease type‐IV has varied clinical presentations and subtypes. We evaluated a 38‐year‐old man with memory complaints, common symptoms in adult polyglucosan body disease subtype, and investigated cognitive and functional MRI changes associated with two 25‐sessions of adaptive working memory training. He showed improved trained and nontrained working memory up to 6‐months after the training sessions. On functional MRI, he showed increased cortical activation 1–3 months after training, but both increased and decreased activation 6‐months later. Working memory training appears to be beneficial to patients with adult polyglucosan body disease, although continued training may be required to maintain improvements.
Spatially Assembled Bilayer Cell Sheets of Stem Cells and Endothelial Cells Using Thermosensitive Hydrogels for Therapeutic Angiogenesis
Authors: Jun Indong , Ahmad Taufiq , Bak Seongwoo , Lee Joong‐Yup , Kim Eun Mi , Lee Jinkyu , Lee Yu Bin , Jeong Hongsoo , Jeon Hojeong , Shin Heungsoo
Published: February 2017

Although the coculture of multiple cell types has been widely employed in regenerative medicine, in vivo transplantation of cocultured cells while maintaining the hierarchical structure remains challenging. Here, a spatially assembled bilayer cell sheet of human mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells on a thermally expandable hydrogel containing fibronectin is prepared and its effect on in vitro proangiogenic functions and in vivo ischemic injury is investigated. The expansion of hydrogels in response to a temperature change from 37 to 4 °C allows rapid harvest and delivery of the bilayer cell sheet to two different targets (an in vitro model glass surface and in vivo tissue). The in vitro study confirms that the bilayer sheet significantly increases proangiogenic functions such as the release of nitric oxide and expression of vascular endothelial cell genes. In addition, transplantation of the cell sheet from the hydrogels into a hindlimb ischemia mice model demonstrates significant retardation of necrosis particularly in the group transplated with the bilayer sheet. Collectively, the bilayer cell sheet is readily transferrable from the thermally expandable hydrogel and represents an alternative approach for recovery from ischemic injury, potentially via improved cell–cell communication.
Visible‐Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed Aminosulfonylation of Diaryliodonium Salts with Sulfur Dioxide and Hydrazines
Authors: Liu Nai‐Wei , Liang Shuai , Manolikakes Georg
Published: February 2017

A photoredox‐catalyzed three‐component synthesis of N‐aminosulfonamides starting from diaryliodonium salts, hydrazines and sulfur dioxide is reported. This reaction proceeds under mild conditions at room temperature and is driven by visible light. A simple bisulfite salt can be used as a readily available and easy‐to‐handle sulfur dioxide source. Mechanistic studies support a catalytic photoredox pathway with the diaryliodonium salt as convenient source for aryl radicals.

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Olefin‐Migrative Cleavage of Cyclopropane Rings through the Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydrocyanation of Allenes and Alkenes
Authors: Hori Hiroto , Arai Shigeru , Nishida Atsushi
Published: February 2017

A nickel‐catalyzed hydrocyanation triggered by hydronickelation of the carbon‐carbon double bonds of allenes followed by cyclopropane cleavage is described. The observed regio‐ and stereochemistries in the products are strongly influenced by the initial hydronickelation step, and allenyl‐ and methylenecyclopropanes reacted smoothly to promote the cleavage of cyclopropane. In contrast, this cleavage was not observed with vinylidenecyclopropanes, because the initial hydronickelation does not give a suitable intermediate for cleavage of the cyclopropanes.

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A Qualitative Exploration of Coordinators' and Carers' Perceptions of the Healthy Eating, Active Living (HEAL) Programme in Residential Care
Authors: Cox Rachael , Skouteris Helen , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew , McCabe Marita , Watson Brittany , Fredrickson Julia , Jones Amanda D. , Omerogullari Stella , Stanton Kelly , Bromfield Leah , Hardy Louise L.
Published: February 2017

Internationally, there are few studies that have trialled structured intervention programmes designed to prevent excessive weight gain or combat existing overweight/obesity for young people living in out‐of‐home care. The Healthy Eating, Active Living (HEAL) programme was designed to address this limitation and is, to our knowledge, the first programme that simultaneously encourages young people and their carers to engage in a healthy lifestyle. This is the second of two papers presenting the HEAL evaluation. The aim of this study was twofold: first, to explore the experiences and opinions of key stakeholders regarding the intervention programme; and second, to understand the key enablers and barriers to successful implementation of the HEAL programme in residential care. Seventeen carers and ten programme coordinators participated in semi‐structured interviews. Findings demonstrated that HEAL was considered a valuable adjunct to the residential care programme, and was successful in raising awareness about the importance of leading a healthy lifestyle. Positive behaviour change among the young people and carers' dietary, physical activity and sleeping habits, and the development of independent living skills were described. Barriers to implementation included leadership support and professional development of carers. Recommendations are made to improve implementation, particularly around the importance of increasing stakeholder ‘buy‐in’. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Messages

There is a need to address the lifestyle habits of young people in residential care.

Raising awareness is an important first step, but must be supplemented with supportive environmental change to enable lasting, healthy outcomes.

Carer capabilities need to be strengthened so that they can effectively manage challenging behaviours, yet still address the lifestyle habits of young people in care.

Stakeholder ‘buy‐in’ and a programme champion are critical to implementation of healthy lifestyle programmes in residential care.

‘The first programme that simultaneously encourages young people and their carers to engage in a healthy lifestyle’
Money for microbes—Pathogen avoidance and out‐group helping behaviour
Authors: Laakasuo Michael , Köbis Nils , Palomäki Jussi , Jokela Markus
Published: February 2017

Humans have evolved various adaptations against pathogens, including the physiological immune system. However, not all of these adaptations are physiological: the cognitive mechanisms whereby we avoid potential sources of pathogens—for example, disgust elicited by uncleanliness—can be considered as parts of a behavioural immune system (BIS). The mechanisms of BIS extend also to inter‐group relations: Pathogen cues have been shown to increase xenophobia/ethnocentrism, as people prefer to keep their societal in‐group norms unaltered and “clean.” Nonetheless, little is known how pathogen cues influence people's willingness to provide humanitarian aid to out‐group members. We examined how pathogen cues affected decisions of providing humanitarian aid in either instrumental (sending money) or non‐instrumental form (sending personnel to help, or accepting refugees), and whether these effects were moderated by individual differences in BIS sensitivity. Data were collected in two online studies (Ns: 188 and 210). When the hypothetical humanitarian crisis involved a clear risk of infection, participants with high BIS sensitivity preferred to send money rather than personnel or to accept refugees. The results suggest that pathogen cues influence BIS‐sensitive individuals' willingness to provide humanitarian aid when there is a risk of contamination to in‐group members.
The Use of Technology in Tax Preparation: A Closer Examination of Electronic Filing and Filing Errors
Authors: Chiang Bea , Limato Jeffrey
Published: February 2017

Historically, individuals have called upon certified public accountants for their tax preparation services; however, with the implementation of new technologies and resources, there has been a change in the way tax preparation is performed in the United States. The purpose of this article is to explore how the Internal Revenue Service's Taxpayer Assistance and Education Programs have evolved over time. Additionally, the advent of electronic return filing (e‐filing) will be reviewed, to see if e‐filing has increased the propensity for individuals to file their returns electronically and whether filing errors have been reduced by electronic filings over the years. After analyzing data from the IRS Data Book and Filing Season Statistics, the results indicate that despite an increasing trend in the use of technology in the IRS's Taxpayer Assistance Programs, in addition to an increasing trend in the propensity for taxpayers to file their individual income tax returns electronically, no increase or decrease in mathematical errors on individual income tax returns has been identified by the IRS. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A proposal of post‐operative nomogram for overall survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumor thrombus
Authors: Gu Liangyou , Wang Zihuan , Chen Luyao , Ma Xin , Li Hongzhao , Nie Wenyuan , Peng Cheng , Li Xintao , Gao Yu , Zhang Xu
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

To identify the predictors of overall survival (OS) and create a post‐operative prognostic model for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and venous tumor thrombus (VTT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The study cohort included patients with RCC and VTT that underwent full surgical resection between 2006 and 2016. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the prognostic factors of OS. A nomogram was developed and internally calibrated by bootstrap resampling method.

RESULTS

A total of 185 patients were identified, including patients with thrombus present in the renal vein (109 patients, 58.9%), infrahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC; 68 patients, 36.8%), and suprahepatic IVC (8 patients, 4.3%). After a median follow‐up of 30.2 months (interquartile range, 12.1‐48.4 months), 63 (34.1%) patients died. Independent prognostic factors for OS included histological subtype, collecting system invasion, metastasis at surgery, De Ritis ratio (AST/ALT), and serum albumin. Independently predictive variables were used to create a nomogram, which achieved a concordance index of 0.75 for OS.

CONCLUSIONS

For patients with RCC and VTT, the developed and internally validated post‐operative nomogram can be used to select patients who may benefit from aggressive surveillance regimens or adjuvant therapy clinical trials.
Ex vivo visualization of human ciliated epithelium and quantitative analysis of induced flow dynamics by using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Ling Yuye , Yao Xinwen , Gamm Ute A. , Arteaga‐Solis Emilio , Emala Charles W. , Choma Michael A. , Hendon Christine P.
Published: February 2017

Background and Objective

Cilia‐driven mucociliary clearance is an important self‐defense mechanism of great clinical importance in pulmonary research. Conventional light microscopy possesses the capability to visualize individual cilia and its beating pattern but lacks the throughput to assess the global ciliary activities and flow dynamics. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), which provides depth‐resolved cross‐sectional images, was recently introduced to this area.

Materials and Methods

Fourteen de‐identified human tracheobronchial tissues are directly imaged by two OCT systems: one system centered at 1,300 nm with 6.5 μm axial resolution and 15 μm lateral resolution, and the other centered at 800 nm with 2.72 μm axial resolution and 5.52 μm lateral resolution. Speckle variance images are obtained in both cross‐sectional and volumetric modes. After imaging, sample blocks are sliced along the registered OCT imaging plane and processed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain for comparison. Quantitative flow analysis is performed by tracking the path‐lines of microspheres in a fixed cross‐section. Both the flow rate and flow direction are characterized.

Results

The speckle variance images successfully segment the ciliated epithelial tissue from its cilia‐denuded counterpart, and the results are validated by corresponding H&E stained sections. A further temporal frequency analysis is performed to extract the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) at cilia cites. By adding polyester microspheres as contrast agents, we demonstrate ex vivo imaging of the flow induced by cilia activities of human tracheobronchial samples.

Conclusion

This manuscript presents an ex vivo study on human tracheobronchial ciliated epithelium and its induced mucous flow by using OCT. Within OCT images, intact ciliated epithelium is effectively distinguished from cilia‐denuded counterpart, which serves as a negative control, by examining the speckle variance images. The cilia beat frequency is extracted by temporal frequency analysis. The flow rate, flow direction, and particle throughput are obtained through particle tracking. The availability of these quantitative parameters provides us with a powerful tool that will be useful for studying the physiology, pathophysiology and the effectiveness of therapies on epithelial cilia function, as well as serve as a diagnostic tool for diseases associated with ciliary dysmotility. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:270–279, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of work hardening, tool wear and geometry response on machinability during turning AL‐6XN super austenitic stainless steel: A work hardening and wear studies on AL‐6XN alloy
Authors: Alabdullah M. , Polishetty A. , Nomani J.
Published: February 2017

This work aimed to identify the work‐hardening regions in shear zones when the AL‐6XN super austenitic stainless steel alloy was machined using a turning machine. A quick‐stop approach was used to generate frozen chip roots. Two cutting speeds of 94 m/min and 65 m/min, a feed rate of 0.2 mm/rev and depth of cut of 1 mm were applied in this study. Microhardness measurements were executed in the hardening region (workpiece–shear zone–chip zone). Results showed that the hardness values were significantly increased in the primary shear zone and the formed chip. The wear of the cutting tool used to machine the alloy was investigated using scanning electron microscope. Excessive notch wear was located on the cutting edge when 65 m/min cutting speed was utilized while at 94 m/min cutting speed, the cutting edge was completely damaged as a flake of the edge was removed due to hard cutting processes. The profile measurement of the cutting tool was executed using an optical profilometer to reveal the changes in the cutting edges locations and profiles and their implication on machining process.
Hair cortisol and adiposity in a population‐based sample of 2,527 men and women aged 54 to 87 years
Authors: Jackson Sarah E. , Kirschbaum Clemens , Steptoe Andrew
Published: February 2017

Objective

Chronic cortisol exposure is hypothesized to contribute to obesity. This study examined associations between hair cortisol concentrations, a novel indicator of long‐term cortisol exposure, and adiposity in a large population‐based sample.

Methods

Data were from 2,527 men and women aged 54 and older (98% white British) participating in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Hair cortisol concentrations were determined from the scalp‐nearest 2 cm hair segment, and height, weight, and waist circumference were objectively measured. Covariates included age, sex, socioeconomic status, smoking status, diabetes, and arthritis.

Results

In cross‐sectional analyses, hair cortisol concentrations were positively correlated with weight (r = 0.102, P < 0.001), BMI (r = 0.101, P < 0.001), and waist circumference (r = 0.082, P = 0.001) and were significantly elevated in participants with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) (F = 6.58, P = 0.001) and raised waist circumference (≥102 cm in men, ≥88 cm in women) (F = 4.87, P = 0.027). Hair cortisol levels were also positively associated with the persistence of obesity (F = 12.70, P < 0.001), evaluated in retrospect over 4 years.

Conclusions

Chronic exposure to elevated cortisol concentrations, assessed in hair, is associated with markers of adiposity and with the persistence of obesity over time.