bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Mathematical Reforms in Technology’
Authors: Brookes W.M.
Published: February 2008

It is a pity that, in an article subscribing to the very necessary view that mathematics in use must be made real, Mr Conway falls into the all too common error of condemning, from a practical point of view, what he calls “abstraction for abstraction's sake”. I do not want to disagree with the spirit of change which inspires the article, but I do want to put a viewpoint on ‘abstraction’ which should show that there is a danger of throwing the baby out with the bathwater.
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
Authors: Softer N.
Published: February 2008

Fifth‐formers have found Vauxhall's one‐week preview of life and work in industry a real help in forming their ideas about jobs. The scheme has now been extended to sixth‐formers. Boys are selected by their schools — not by the company — and the week's work seems to get down to industrial realities in some depth. The author was till recently in Vauxhall's Education Division
The future of General Management Courses
Authors: Smith Trevor
Published: February 2008

There is a growing consciousness of the need for general management training. This article examines some of the reasons for this and suggests how the increased demand for such training should be met. It also highlights some of the problems which need to be overcome before general management courses can become fully effective. This article is based partly on research undertaken with Michael Argyle, Lecturer in Social Psychology at Oxford, for the Acton Society Trust. The results of the research were published last month in ‘Training Managers’ (Acton Society Trust, 10s 6d)
DEMONSTRATING AUTO‐CONTROL
Authors: Harvey R.
Published: February 2008

TEACHING ABOUT automatic control systems and techniques provides a classic example of the need for ‘showing how’ and not just ‘telling how’.
USSR CRAFT AND TECHNICAL TRAINING — 7
Authors: Longden J.
Published: February 2008

When making a short, intensive study in the USSR one's immediate difficulty is to comprehend an utterly different way of life. In any study of education, in particular, it is essential to bear in mind that its whole aim and purpose may be based on unfamiliar principles.
PRACTICAL WORK IN THE NEW ENGINEERING COURSES
Authors: Longden J.
Published: February 2008

Technical education might almost be said to be founded on the teaching of practical work. It grew out of the courses provided mainly for artisans in the Mechanics Institutes and similar centres which grew up in the middle of last century. Courses were at first very much concerned with affording craftsmen an opportunity of improving their knowledge of their trade and perhaps improving their status. The testing of these useful arts gave rise to the formation of some of our most respected examining bodies and to qualifications which have remained the currency of skilled status over the years.
Writing To Some Purpose
Authors: Driverr F.E.
Published: February 2008

To some extent this section has been anticipated in the other parts of the syllabus. Where writing has been expressly mentioned, or fairly strongly suggested as a natural extension of an exercise, I shall not repeat the exercise here. What should be the reasonable aim of the Craft English apprentice? Just this: sufficient confidence to put down his ideas simply and coherently one sentence at a time. I have stressed that this should be founded on an ability to speak out clearly, and I will only repeat that whatever is attempted should be within the known ability of the individuals in the group.
THE GOVERNMENT PROPOSALS
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

IN three and a half pages of text, one of the shortest White Papers ever, the Government, finally recognising the sterility of the Carr Report, has set down its own proposals for the reform of industrial training. Why, one asks, has the document been produced in this very abbreviated form? Because, at this stage, the Ministry has been concerned to present a framework of the kind of powers which it considers to be necessary if it is to secure action. It sees action as the important thing and it regards the White Paper as a basis for discussion. It is true that there is lack of detail; this is not because there is wavering or uncertainty, but simply because the Ministry wishes to give informed opinion an opportunity of expressing itself on this framework before the final details are published, probably in July 1963, in the form of a Bill. It is important that there should be this interval and it reflects the Government's desire to give a strong lead without being dictatorial.
PRACTICAL WORK
Authors: Longden J.
Published: February 2008

The teaching of practical subjects needs to be forward‐looking and related to industrial progress. The college course then becomes dynamic and attractive to the student instead of a dull grind.
CONTINENTAL SYSTEMS OF ADULT TRAINING
Authors: Mirfin Derick
Published: February 2008

How do other countries approach the problems of adult training? Following his descriptions last month of practice in France and Holland, Mr Mirfin now deals with the Swedish approaches — governmental and private. Next month the position in Germany will be described. We regret that Mr Mirfin's name was accidentally missed from the heading to his article last month
The White Paper on Industrial Training — a closer analysis
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

In the January issue Mr Wellens presented an interpretation of the Government Proposals on industrial training. This month he takes a closer critical look at what many people regard as the missing link — the over‐all guiding body or training commission — about which the Government made no proposals in the White Paper. This study involves a survey of the many bodies already involved in industrial training — bodies whose efforts will surely need some co‐ordination. Next month: the Levy, the Training Boards and the relation between these Boards and the Ministry … or Training Commission
‘The Hurdle of the 18+’
Authors: Hammond H.G.
Published: February 2008

CONGRATULATIONS ON Comment in the December issue of Technical Education, particularly the item ‘The Hurdle of the 18‐plus’. I have no doubt your journal enjoys wide circulation, but I feel your comments on university places need an even wider audience. Personally, I would not dispute any single statement you have made. More power to your elbow.
‘Mass, Weight and ‘g’’
Authors: Macpherson A.M. , Benzies J.Y. , Robertson S.N.
Published: February 2008

THE PROPOSED definitions in Mr Grease's article in the February issue have, in my opinion, only added to the number of unsatisfactory definitions. As they stand, the definitions A and B in the article seem to be ambiguous and confusing.
PRACTICAL WORK
Authors: Longden J.
Published: February 2008

THIS COURSE is a completely new engineering course. It is not a refurbished Machine Shop Engineering course, nor is it a watered‐down National Certificate course: it is one designed specifically for the technician. It caters for the man who will link together the craftsman and the technologist and who must therefore have an affinity with both of them.
‘Practical Work in School Science’
Authors: Bassey Michael
Published: February 2008

Are you a doer or a thinker? “We were repeatedly told by teachers and students that they had been so engrossed in what they were doing and how it was done that they had given little thought to why they did it.” The great merit of this research is that it has encouraged some of these doers (science teachers and ex‐pupils) to reflect on ‘why’ questions: the report gives the views of practical men and not of ivory tower thinkers.
Education for ENGINEERING PROGRESS
Authors: Brosan G.S.
Published: February 2008

SINCE THE end of World War II, the pace of social change, stemming from the economy, has brought upon engineers the realisation that the social, economic and ethical factors in their work have increased as technology has advanced. As technological progress generates more solutions to physical problems, the choices it offers have increasingly to be decided by socio‐economic criteria. The explosion in technology in the past fifteen years has been caused in part at least by the technological set‐up itself forcing developmental change. This is the signature of the decade, in the same way as invention was the signature of the first industrial revolution. We are in the middle of the second, and would do well to realise it.
NOTTINGHAM APPRENTICES' VISIT TO FRANCE
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

The engineering departments of the People's College of Further Education, Nottingham, have now organised two continental tours for their apprentice students, the last being in November 1962. They are so convinced of the value of exchange visits that they hope to make a foreign tour a regular feature of their programme.
Notes and News
Authors: Longden J.
Published: February 2008

In his address to the Annual Conference of the Association of Teachers in Technical Institutions, the newly installed President, Mr Jack Longden of Leamington Spa, referred to the present difficulty of salary negotiations. He pointed out that some 60 per cent of technical teachers are on Assistant Lecturer grades and will be worse off under the proposed scales of the Minister of Education than under the proposed Burnham Scales. He also spoke of the difficulties of teachers in CATs who do not even now know how their salaries will be negotiated and who are not included in the present scales.
The Management Training Situation — and the Impending Training Bill
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

Management training is in the melting pot in Britain at the moment. This is welcome as it shows the will to improve and helps to clear the ground for advance. This article traces the recent history of management training and looks into the very near future, when industrial training and management education will both be coming up for reform. The coincidence could be significant for some levels of management training… and for the future Training Boards
DEVELOPING COMMERCIAL STUDIES IN JAMAICA
Authors: Fox Robert
Published: February 2008

IN 1958 the College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded north of Kingston, Jamaica, on a campus of about 35 acres adjacent to the world‐famous Botanical Gardens at Hope, and opposite the University of the West Indies. A pleasanter site for a technical college would be hard to find. Overlooked by mountains, the college has a peaceful atmosphere, in sharp contrast to the feverish tempo of Kingston proper.
BIRTH OF A COLLEGE … 1
Authors: Principal
Published: February 2008

EVERY COLLEGE is unique, but Southgate has a number of unusual features, some bringing with them particular difficulties. For example, the site itself has two peculiarities: firstly, it was originally straddling a county boundary and land had to be transferred from Hertfordshire to Middlesex to enable the College to be built wholly in Middlesex; secondly the Piccadilly Line tube passes under the site — beneath the workshops to be exact.
TRAINING THE ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN — THE REME WAY
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

Apart from the uniforms, there's something decidedly ‘different’ about the classroom pictured above. The REME School of Electronics Engineering at Arborfield match their methods to their students, so desks give way to laboratory benches, emphasising that the approach is practical rather than theoretical
THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING BILL, 1963
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

IN THESE WORDS the Government describes the Bill's intention. Of itself, the Bill is no guarantee that provisions for industrial training will be improved. It is an enabling Bill: it creates machinery for inaugurating the industrial training boards and confers certain powers upon these boards. But about the big issues, which remain to be solved — certification, length of apprenticeship, the standard of training, selection methods and so on — it has nothing to say, simply because it is an enabling Bill.
TECHNICIANS AND THE PROFESSIONS
Authors: COTGROVE STEPHEN
Published: February 2008

BY ITS terms of reference, Robbins was excluded from examining the pattern of part‐time higher education. The Government has now published its Industrial Training Bill, which is clearly preoccupied mainly with artisan training. Yet nearly half the students taking advanced courses in Britain are preparing part‐time and by private study. The current educational debate has almost totally neglected the needs of this ‘half our students’ — if one may adapt the title of the Newsom report in order to describe this group.
Integrated Basic Training Courses in the College
Authors: Williams J.A.C.
Published: February 2008

MR LONGDEN'S article in your November issue, on College‐based, integrated basic training courses and the note on Mr C. R. English's speech at the Oxford Regional Advisory Conference about utilisation of colleges led to this letter. The interesting course commented upon by Mr Longden is presumably one he has organised at Mid‐Warwickshire College of Further Education. In my view, however, Mr Longden takes too restricted a view in only considering a year's course, instead of a much longer period, and I wish to expand on this.
Training: management's position
Authors: WELLENS JOHN
Published: February 2008

At present a lot of firms are seriously considering training for the first time, or critically examining the provision they already make. This is the first of two articles in this issue particularly addressed to such firms
Models for Electrical Engineering Teaching
Authors: MANNELL A.V.
Published: February 2008

This model shows the effects of armature reaction in an alternator supplying a variable power‐factor load.
16 Oil hydraulic and pneumatic services in a control engineering laboratory
Authors: Martin K.F.
Published: February 2008

In planning a laboratory to cover the whole field of control, provision must be made for the oil hydraulic systems which are now such a common feature of the industrial scene, and the pneumatic systems associated with process control and servomechanisms. Assuming that the laboratory will include experimental rigs of this nature, the decision must be made as to how these rigs are to be serviced with their oil or air supply. After visiting a number of control laboratories, certain conclusions were reached with regard to this servicing and these have been put into effect in a new laboratory in this Department.
Education as a liberal study
Authors: CHARLTON KENNETH
Published: February 2008

The discussion about the relative merits of a specialist or non‐specialist education, whether at school or at university, is no new one, though to read some of the contributions to the debate one gets the feeling that many believe this to be a problem peculiar to the 'fifties and 'sixties of the twentieth century. The form of specialisation may have changed, but the nineteenth century was littered with debates about the evils or otherwise of an education given over entirely to a study of classical languages and literature. Even with the introduction of science subjects into the curriculum, specialisation as between the Humanities and the Sciences remained a characteristic feature of grammar school sixth forms, which, depending on whether one follows ‘The Abominable Snowman’ or ‘The Doctor’, may or may not have contributed to a Two‐Culture society.
Day release — a question of accommodation?
Authors: MARSHALL R.F.
Published: February 2008

The acceptance of the educational reforms advocated by Crowther, Robbins, Newsom and now Henniker‐Heaton require a massive increase in the school and college building programme. The Henniker‐Heaton report requires an expenditure of £60 million for buildings and equipment, if its admittedly modest target of an additional 250,000 with day release is to be achieved by 1970. Whilst it remains doubtful if anyone really believes such expenditure is possible, or even practicable by 1970, the clamour for more college accommodation continues, and the failure to provide it will be set alongside the shortage of teachers as reasons for our failure to improve our educational services in general, and our day release arrangements in particular.
Electronics laboratory work — something different
Authors: APPERLEY E.C.
Published: February 2008

The recent Symposium on Electronics Laboratories (May, June and July issues) prompts me to report briefly an experiment in progress in Gloucester which may be of interest to those who also are convinced that there is need for much improvement in technical college laboratory practice. It is perhaps still a little premature to write at this stage since the experiment has had only one trial, so that what follows is by no means necessarily the best or only solution.
A time for fundamentals
Authors: WELLENS JOHN
Published: February 2008

Within the lifetime of most readers the great period of national heart‐searching was at the end of the second world war. New thinking about education was enshrined in Butler's Act: new ideas about the social services and the welfare state were embodied in the Beveridge legislation.
Field review of ‘A/S’ level chemistry textbooks
Authors: BASSEY MICHAEL
Published: February 2008

PART II Analysis of the examination syllabuses Sixth‐form school chemistry is closely tied to the syllabuses of the GCE at ‘A/S’ level and in consequence the most practical method of judging whether textbooks provide the requirements of sixth‐form work is to compare them with the examination syllabuses. Recently this has been made difficult because of rather revolutionary changes in some of the GCE Boards syllabuses. Oxford, Oxford and Cambridge, and the Joint Matriculation Board of the Northern Universities, introduced modifications for the 1964 examination, the Southern Universities for the 1965 examination, and recently Cambridge has introduced an alternative syllabus (T) for the 1966 examination. The other Cambridge examination, now known as ‘Alternative N’, was modified to its present form in 1954. London are in the process of revision.
Shropshire Mathematics Experiment
Authors: FARMER W.
Published: February 2008

Many experienced mathematics teachers are very worried at the present time about ‘modern mathematics’ and its proper place in the school course. They have no wish to be labelled conservative when they stick to traditional syllabuses, particularly as their teaching may well be extremely effective, with their pupils gaining an interest in mathematics that could be life‐long. Their type of course, too, can well produce able young mathematicians who are beginning to acquire the difficult art of translating physical situations into mathematical relations.
Adjunct auto‐instruction
Authors: WELLENS JOHN
Published: February 2008

Since its introduction, in the USA about ten years ago, programmed instruction has made great strides, despite the fact that it is only recently that it has made any significant impact in other countries, including Britain. In the States, so intense has been the interest in programmed instruction, and so rapid its development, that a period of re‐appraisal has already set in. The re‐appraisal is not intended to throw doubt on the value of PI, but rather to see what lessons can be learned from this decade of intense activity and to adjust future policy to benefit from this experience. This article treats only one or two aspects of this re‐examination from among many currently under review.
Engineering thermodynamics laboratories
Authors: JACKSON R.A. , PARKER E.
Published: February 2008

The importance of effective laboratory work in mechanical engineering courses cannot be over‐emphasised. Firstly, laboratory work normally occupies about one third of the time in undergraduate and Higher National Certificate courses. Secondly, the laboratory building, experimental equipment and the time spent by academic staff and technicians in laboratory classes results in a substantial financial commitment. The need to spend this time and money wisely suggests a continuing demand for critical appraisal of the aims and practice of laboratory work. Further, there is a need to examine the design and layout of the laboratories themselves, and some literature has appeared in this field.
Tunisia: modern training for ancient crafts
Authors: BUTLER R.
Published: February 2008

The traditional craftsmanship of the Tunisian bazaars is taking a new turn.
Consumer reaction — the students speak
Authors: WELLENS JOHN
Published: February 2008

Here is a book on higher education in university and CAT, a book not about administration, nor about the need for expansion and how to finance it but, believe it or not, about students — about what they think, how they react to university life; about what motivates them, and how they spend their time. It is, above all alse, about why they ever came to take higher education in the first place.
Methods of training secretarial skills
Authors: PENDLEBURY A.C.
Published: February 2008

In the first article it was described how the problem of assessing secretarial training requirements was approached. The most interesting findings were presented: it was discovered that whereas in shorthand and typing secretaries generally attained a very high standard of work, in other tasks they were not quite as satisfactory. Some suggestions are now put forward as to how secretaries could be trained in some of the aspects of their work where quality could be improved.
The science teaching apparatus revolution
Authors: BEARD DENNIS S.
Published: February 2008

In the immediate post‐war years, school science apparatus was in short supply and the established manufacturers and supply houses provided very little in the way of new items. Criticism of the quality of available apparatus was frequently heard and was voiced in public at a particular A.G.M. of the Science Masters Association (now the ASE). This led in 1961 to a meeting (organised through the Scientific Instrument Manufacturers Association) between the principal manufacturers and a panel of HMIs. Whilst it was difficult for the latter to be specific about the shortcomings of apparatus on the market, it was suggested that SIMA should make contact with the then recently formed SMA Modern Physics Equipment Committee, which was concerning itself with the kind of new apparatus which would be required for teaching ‘modern physics’.
‘The Age of Automation’
Authors: Wellens John
Published: February 2008

Here we have a skilful and absorbing treatment of automation by a man who is both one of the pre‐eminent authorities on the technicalities of automation and, to date, its most ardent interpreter and publicist. These lectures are concerned exclusively with the non‐technical aspects of automation: the social and political implications, its effect on our way of life, the influences it will have on education, and other weighty matters of such broad and general interest.
Technical College Student Unions
Authors: FINCH IAN
Published: February 2008

At this year's National Union of Students' Technical College Conference an NUS vice‐president, Mr Albert Swindlehurst, suggested that the age of technical college entrants be raised to 18. Such a move, so ran his argument, would put an end to teaching staff over‐ruling the students' unions in colleges where the students were very young, and would remove the present inhibitions on social life caused by the lack of bars where students could gather in convivial fraternities.
New dynamic materials tester
Authors: Williams G.R.
Published: February 2008

The Type 1825 Dynamic Materials Tester made by Dawe Instruments Ltd, Western Avenue, Acton, London W 3, is a new non‐destructive materials tester for the laboratory measurement of Young's Modulus, selectivity (Q), damping capacity, and the velocity of sound in a solid bar specimen excited to resonance.
In Parliament
Authors: Gunter Ray
Published: February 2008

The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Labour, Mr Richard Marsh, made a statement in the Commons about the industries next to be covered by Industrial Training Boards. He said that the Minister intended in the near future to establish Boards for the electricity, gas and water supply industries. After considering the advice of the Central Training Council he proposed within the next few months to establish a Board for the construction materials, pottery and glass industries, and also Boards for timber and furniture manufacturing, for further sections of the textile industry and for road transport and the motor vehicle repair trade. He intended to open discussions later this year with the hotel and catering industry and with the distributive trades.
Carry on, Chef!
Authors: BRISTOW ADRIAN
Published: February 2008

Inside every principal there is a refectory manageress yearning to get out. Why this should be I do not know unless, deep down, we fancy ourselves as potential restaurateurs who somehow missed out on vocational guidance. Or perhaps we are possessed by a troll with an unhealthy desire to do other people's jobs for them. (There have been cases.) But whatever the reason, the interesting fact remains: principals seem drawn to refectories like wasps to fallen apples. We hover there, fascinated by the delights of large‐scale catering equipment and by the niceties of refectory organisation and kitchen management. A little holiday of the spirit! It is just like having a shiny new toy to play with — but, like most toys, this one can be pretty sharp at the edges.
DESIGNED FOR TEACHING
Authors: Rogers Martin
Published: February 2008

The use of the glass syringe as an instrument in school chemistry for the measuring of gases was first developed by Dr Schmit in Hamburg as long ago as 1931. Its use has spread very slowly through Europe and the author himself only came across the syringe during a tour of Europe in 1963, sponsored by the Nuffield Foundation. The 100ml glass syringe consists essentially of a precision ground barrel and a plunger which is so well made that it is gas‐tight at atmospheric pressure even without the use of a lubricant. With a light grease, such as Vaseline, the syringe is gas‐tight even under comparatively heavy pressures.
Lan‐Alog: a portable analogue computer
Authors: Abrahams J.R.
Published: February 2008

The Lan‐Alog Four computer is one of a family of small computers being designed by the staff at Enfield College of Technology, in consultation with other colleges and schools. The first computer teaching aid was described briefly in TECHNICAL EDUCATION last year (page 301, June 1964 issue), and in more detail elsewhere. These computer units are based on circuits using transistors, operating at ±15V, and the maximum number of common components is employed throughout the range. One aim of the design is to involve the student fully in the use of the equipment, and considerable attention has therefore been paid to the achievement of clear layout, case of programming, and rugged, student‐proof, construction.
College: industry liaison
Authors: FINCH IAN
Published: February 2008

The Minister of Technology announced recently that, since April 1964, when the Industrial Liaison Scheme was first started, 18 technical colleges had appointed industrial liaison officers and 18 others were in the process of making appointments. Four further colleges had the matter under review, and it was proposed very shortly to invite another 20 to 30 colleges to take part in the scheme. The prime aim of this liaison, however, is to serve as an aid to the greater dissemination of technical information and scientific and technological resources. Way down in the list of these officers' duties comes the matter of furthering relations and information about the nature and scope of the courses and facilities available at their colleges.
Training today's managers 2. Aims of the course
Authors: ALLEN KEITH
Published: February 2008

After the preparatory work described in the previous article, the aims of the new Managers' Advanced Course were crystallised as follows:
Living with programmed instruction
Authors: ROMISZOWSKI A.J.
Published: February 2008

The Industrial Training Act will have two effects on apprentice training. Firstly, more training will take place, and the demand for that already scarce commodity — the Apprentice Instructor — will increase. Secondly, the long‐term demand will be not only for more training, but for more efficient training.
Testing and Examining … 2
Authors: ROBERTSON S.N.
Published: February 2008

Normalised standard scores. Before leaving the question of standardising scores it should be mentioned that there is a simpler method of deriving standard scores that is more convenient for the everyday class test. This method consists of finding the normalised standard score.
The professional training officer
Authors: STEVENSON V.T.
Published: February 2008

Among the many problems posed by the Industrial Training Act is that of the status of those directly concerned with its day‐to‐day implementation in the nation's workshops, offices, and laboratories — the training officers. Is their occupation merely a job of work, like clerking or cleaning? Or is it something worthy of the honourable title of ‘Profession’?
The training officer — his role and requirements
Authors: STEVENSON V.T.
Published: February 2008

The significance and functions of the men and women who earn their living in the industrial training field vary considerably. On the one hand, there are those who enjoy manager or even director status; on the other hand, there are those who occupy relatively humble positions in the social scale of industry and commerce. All can justifiably lay claim to the title of Training Officer, even if they are not accorded it in their organisations. One day, perhaps, we shall see greater standardisation of nomenclature. In the meantime, we encounter titles as varied as Training Director, Training Adviser, Apprentice Superintendent, Apprentice Personnel Supervisor, and Controller of Training.
‘Technicians Today and Tomorrow’
Authors: WELLENS JOHN
Published: February 2008

Dr Young, who is Principal of Chance Technical College, Smethwick, has written a timely and informative book on one of the great unrecognised problems in the training field at the present time. The technician is essentially a product of the advanced industrial society: he does not emerge until industry has reached a certain degree of sophistication. In Britain we have been slow to recognise his importance.
Company needs in management training
Authors: TORRINGTON DEREK P.
Published: February 2008

In the quest for better management many companies are starting courses of management and of executive training for management. These vary from those with a broad sprawl of assorted lectures and discussions and limited penetration over a wide range, to those that attempt to teach specific techniques.
Practical standards for TOs
Authors: STEVENSON V.T
Published: February 2008

I did not attend a course of training to prepare me for what has proved to be my life work, industrial training. This I regret. I and all my contemporaries in industrial training and the technical colleges learned the hard way — though if it was hard, it was also very satisfying. There was a very simple reason for our lack of formal preparation: there were no special courses when we started out. But had there been, I, for one, would most certainly have attended.
Engineering Drawing ‘What's wrong?’ — 1
Authors: THOMSON R.
Published: February 2008

Teachers of Engineering Drawing normally spend much of their time correcting students' drawings. This is a time‐honoured occupation, but when they see the same errors being perpetuated they begin to doubt whether their efforts have really been worthwhile. One can labour a particular point week after week and still meet resistance, for young people do not always like being told.
Responsibility for new staff in colleges … 1
Authors: ARMSTRONG BERNARD
Published: February 2008

Staff are the most important factor of any organisation and by staff I mean salaried staff, not all employees, or commercial as distinct from industrial employees. This is not to say that they are the only indispensable factor in an organisation, for other factors — the shareholders, the production workers, clerical workers and the students in an educational organisation — all these are obviously indispensable. But above all, the factor that the organisation depends on most of all is the staff and it is also the factor upon which all others depend. The staff take most responsibility, they make most of the decisions, they are most organisation‐minded and they are most organisation dependent. They tend to make their careers in one organisation; they are in Whyte's phrase ‘Organisation Men’.
A miniature engine test‐bed
Authors: Howarth M.H.
Published: February 2008

A miniature version of a complete engine test‐bed has been developed specifically for teaching purposes at secondary school and technical college level. The technical college application is, perhaps, an obvious one, but it is particularly significant that a need should be felt for such equipment in grammar, and other schools, where technology is scarcely taught, but where industrial equipment is increasingly used as an aid to science teaching.
Re‐training for automation
Authors: TATHAM LAURA
Published: February 2008

E'ectronic data processing and other modern techniques do not have to be the sole preserve of whizz‐kids: old‐timers of 35 and more can make a real contribution — even if they have never done anything so demanding before. However, their re‐training needs some thought …
Responsibility for new staff in colleges … 2
Authors: ARMSTRONG BERNARD
Published: February 2008

Selection policy and procedure. The first point here is the policy on internal promotion versus external recruitment. In the postwar conditions of full employment and a welfare state there has been a significant movement in the business world towards internal promotion as distinct from external selection. On the grounds of hard economics it is often found cheaper to promote an existing servant than it is to search the market and have to pay far more than you intended for somebody of uncertain qualities from outside. On social grounds it is also recognised as better to encourage deserving internal candidates than to impose external personnel on a community which is working together reasonably happily and satisfactorily. Recourse to external candidates is normally to be preferred only when a real shake‐up and warning to existing staff is intended or where some new development is afoot and where none of the existing staff has had the appropriate experience.
Practical training for commercial students
Authors: WISE A.C.
Published: February 2008

Three years ago it was decided that full‐time students in the Commerce Department of the North Berkshire College of Further Education in Abingdon should obtain some form of office experience during their course at the College, and before going out into employment.
The Venner electric stop clock
Authors: Emery J.N.
Published: February 2008

Those who have had contact with the teaching of physics in schools will be familiar with the many attempts which have been made to time freely falling bodies. These include the use of smoked plates and tuning forks, darts and gramophone turn‐tables, and, more recently, tape recorders and scalers. Some have been highly ingenious attempts and have, generally in the hands of their inventors, given good service in schools. None, however, has met the twin requirements of cheapness and classroom viability without which the most ingenious apparatus can never gain more than a limited circulation. It was to meet these requirements that the Venner clock was designed FIGURE 1.
Towards more creative school science
Authors: HUTCHINGS DONALD
Published: February 2008

Schoolmasters are not the only ones who know that they are on safe ground when they talk of fundamentals. Professors of engineering, almost as a reflex, claim a grounding in the basic principles of science as a first priority when admitting new students to their departments. It would be interesting to find out what various individuals meant by these terms but, far more important in my view, is the student's whole approach and attitude to his studies. Science teaching in schools and universities has tended to be almost wholly analytical, with the emphasis placed on the memorisation of a body of knowledge and the practice of experimental techniques. Students are rarely put in the situation of finding out for themselves; instead they go through the motions of repeating other people's experiments in the hope of getting the ‘right’ results. Small wonder that the cheating and cribbing of laboratory exercises, even at the university, is common practice. Dissatisfaction with current science syllabuses, both at ‘O’ and ‘A’ levels, has given rise to various attempts to improve upon them. The latest body of recommendations can be found in the Science and Education series of booklets published by the Association for Science Education. Also, the work of the Nuffield science teaching project is beginning to be felt in the schools.
Engineering Drawing: from the general to the particular
Authors: THOMSON R.
Published: February 2008

Early in an engineering drawing course, students are given simple views of elementary objects, e.g. FIGURE 1, from which they are asked to project auxiliary views and from them other auxiliary views, and perhaps in time produce FIGURE 2. Most students experience difficulty, because whereas the early views are easy to draw, subsequent projections of even the simplest objects are of increasing complexity — they have been asked to do the most difficult tasks too far from their base as it were, and their incomplete and often ‘inside out’ solutions show that they have been lured too deeply into the unknown and have got lost in space.
The computer in technical education
Authors: ROBERTSON S.N.
Published: February 2008

In this country at the present time about 1 800 computers have been installed and it is estimated that a total of 5 200 will be in operation by 1974. By this latter year it will be necessary to train about 100 000 personnel (New Scientist Vol 26, p 706), maintenance staff, operating staff, programmers and systems analysts.
An industrial appreciation course
Authors: RAY D.H.
Published: February 2008

For several years boys and girls in the lower sixth forms of grammar, secondary modern, and technical schools in the Chelmsford area have been selected for a week's industrial appreciation course in the Christmas holiday.
A demonstration heat pump
Authors: Hilton P.A.
Published: February 2008

Thermometers were put in the refrigerant line at the four obvious points and two pressure gauges were added in the high and low pressure parts of the system.
Training the trainers
Authors: FINCH IAN
Published: February 2008

State encouraged monopolies are not among the easiest of institutions to evaluate. They provide on the one hand an enormous scope for the informed innovator, and on the other an equal scope (until detected) for the deft charlatan. When Bristol College of Science and Technology's School of Management ended its first intensive eight week course at Rockwell for training officers in October 1964, H. M. I. Stubbings remarked guardedly that he was grateful for any development. Within six months Rockwell's innovation had been rewarded with the Department of Education and Science imprimatur to develop the top end courses in the training hierarchy, and courses for training officers in skills analysis and the like had been pushed down to the level of the colleges of technology.
Routes to professional status in engineering
Authors: GRAY B.F.
Published: February 2008

Last November the thirteen chartered engineering insitutions (see appendix), representing a total membership of approximately a quarter of a million, became a single chartered body under the Council of Engineering Institutions. This was the culmination of a great deal of effort by a number of members of the constituent bodies (and none but the most backward looking individual should see anything but good in such an amalgamation). Certainly the public image of the professional engineer should improve. There are, however, some attendant difficulties, especially in the education and training of the aspiring professional engineer.
Operational research in a college of technology
Authors: CROASDALE R.
Published: February 2008

The question of the best form of training in operational research (O.R.) has been brought to the fore again recently (Cook 1965). Here, the author describes how a college (Rutherford College) and an industrial organization (Procter & Gamble Ltd) are co‐operating in a highly successful venture to provide an O.R. course which is believed to be the only one of its kind in existence.
DESIGNED FOR TEACHING
Authors: Chandran R.
Published: February 2008

The equipment described below was designed both in order to comply with the requirements of various examining bodies, and to provide thorough training in the art of fault‐tracing and wiring of a typical motor control cubicle. To provide for a variety of additional exercises, the Ward‐Leonard system of direct‐current motor speed control was selected, in preference to conventional single‐motor‐wiring exercises. Various safety measures are incorporated in this equipment, not only to protect the equipment against tampering but also to protect against earth‐leakage fault currents.
The Polaroid camera in physics teaching
Authors: Haselgrove M.L.
Published: February 2008

Photography is one of the greatest weapons of modern science and technology. Why it has not been equally effectively used in the classroom and lecture room is something of a mystery but, doubtless, the need to plan somewhat far in advance and to become involved in fairly lengthy and exacting darkroom work after the exposures have been made is mainly responsible.
Adult education in post‐war Germany
Authors: Huddleston J.
Published: February 2008

Much has been said and written about the ‘economic miracle’ the phrase which is used in connection with the post‐war economic reconstruction of the Federal Republic of Germany. Yet little notice appears to have been taken of Germany's equally impressive expansion of adult education which has been a feature of this same period. It is hoped that this article, based on fairly extensive research, will provide the reader with a useful outline of the extent and nature of the work in this field which has been developed by the two most important providing bodies — the folk high schools and the trade unions. In particular we shall be concerned to ascertain whether (in the light of Germany's pre‐war condition) these efforts have contributed much, or anything at all, to meet one of the Federal Republic's most urgent needs — the strengthening and protection of a democratic way of life.
The war against inarticulacy
Authors: Kirkman John
Published: February 2008

As long ago as 1948, at the Royal Society Conference on Scientific Information, Professor E. N. da C. Andrade was protesting about scientists who write “matter that is unintelligible not on account of its difficulty but on account of the confusion of thought, the lack of sequence and the tangled, sometimes ungrammatical jargon in which it is expressed”. Have our university departments made any attempts to improve the speech? and writing of their students? Most employers complain strongly about the lack of linguistic skill among new graduates.
Industrial training for a sandwich degree in production engineering
Authors: Spurgeon D.
Published: February 2008

The decision facing the CATs on obtaining University status was whether to continue with their sandwich style courses or to operate the full‐time degree course. How each made their decision is not the subject of this paper, but the author firmly believes that the operation of a sandwich degree course offers the best type of training for both the student and the employer. Indeed the feeling of scepticism with which the CATs were first met was changed to admiration within their lifetime, such that many employers prefer the diploma man to the full‐time degree man. For this reason many are sorry to see the CATs disappear, but I feel that if the new technological universities continue with their sandwich system they have an even larger part to play in the educational system than they did as CATs.
Sandwich degree courses: industrial training and its assessment
Authors: Thorley Lawson G.P.
Published: February 2008

Ten years ago, in 1956, the National Council for Technological Awards was set up under the chairmanship of Lord Hives. The central theme of the proposed award of the Diploma of Technology was the integration of academic and industrial training not only in engineering subjects but also in applied science. It was not until 1959 that the council set up an Industrial Training Panel to give guidance as to the part industrial training should play in the integrated course. This panel did not report until 1963 on engineering subjects, although a short interim report was submitted in 1961, and 1964, just before its demise, on applied science subjects. This appears to me to have been a great mistake. I would have liked to have seen the council attempt to encourage the growth of the academic and industrial contributions to the course side by side. The sandwich course does not seem to have recovered from this sequence of events and is even now suffering from the council's apparent preoccupation with the academic angle of the courses, in that colleges tend to regard these courses as academic with industrial attachments.
The costs and benefits of industrial training
Authors: Forrester D.A.R.
Published: February 2008

In this article the costs and likely benefits of industrial training are compared, for the nation, for the individual, and for companies under the impact of levy/grant systems introduced under the Industrial Training Act, 1964. Problems of decision‐making at national and industrial or company level will be related to new problems facing the individual in modern society. The problem of evaluating the benefits appears in a new and more favourable light if industrial training is seen as an effort to increase not merely skill and technical knowledge, but also motivation and as looking forward to a new pattern in industrial relations.
Films
Authors: Edmonds Chris
Published: February 2008

Four years ago the Nuffield Science Teaching Project was born. Teachers had a growing conviction that science syllabuses were no longer proving equal to the task — and were preventing pupils from developing a scientific outlook. A grant by the Nuffield Foundation enabled a far‐reaching study to get under way, and the recent film Exploring Chemistry (b/w, 35 min) shows what progress the Project has made in the field of chemistry teaching.
Justus von Liebig and the rise of teaching and industrial research laboratories
Authors: Middleton D.W.
Published: February 2008

Born on 13 May 1803, in Darmstadt, Justus von Liebig entered a world in which Europe was making the first stumbling steps towards a science‐based society. Chemistry interested him from an early age and, as his education took shape, it tended towards this developing discipline. He left the gymnasium to work in Heppenheim as an apothecary's apprentice, but an unscheduled and rather violent fulmination of mercury caused his dismissal after only ten months. Returning to Darmstadt, where his father was a colour dealer and druggist, Liebig spent a further six months building up a knowledge of the crude industrial chemistry around him. Finally he persuaded his father to finance him at the university of Bonn, where he studied under Kastner. When Kastner moved to Erlangen, Liebig followed suit.