bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multisectoral action to address noncommunicable diseases: lessons from three country case studies
Authors: Akselrod Svetlana , Collins Téa E. , Berlina Daria , De Pinho Campos Katia , Fones Guy , de Sousa Neves Diogo , Bashir Fatima , Allen Luke N.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Multisectoral action is a central component of the global response to the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In this paper we aimed to unpack the definition of multisectoral action and provide an overview of the historical context, challenges, and recommendations alongside three country case studies: salt reduction in the UK, tobacco legislation in Nigeria, and regulation of edible oils in Iran.

Methods

We used an iterative review process to select three country case studies from a list of 20 potential cases previously identified by WHO. At our third round of review we unanimously agreed to focus on salt reduction in the UK, tobacco regulation in Nigeria, and edible oil regulation in Iran as these represented rich cases on diverse risk factors from three different world regions that we felt offered important lessons. We conducted literature reviews to identify further data for each case study.

Results

Across the three studies a number of important themes emerged. We found that multisectoral approaches demand the often difficult reconciliation of competing and conflicting values and priorities. Across our three chosen cases, commercial interests and free trade agreements were the most common obstacles to successful multisectoral strategies. We found that early consultative stakeholder engagement and strong political and bureaucratic leadership were necessary for success.

Discussion

The complex multi-rooted nature of NCDs requires a multisectoral approach, but the inevitable conflicts that this entails requires careful navigation.
Cytotoxicity and concentration of silver ions released from dressings in the treatment of infected wounds: a systematic review
Authors: Sánchez-Gálvez Javier , Martínez-Isasi Santiago , Gómez-Salgado Juan , Rumbo-Prieto José María , Sobrido-Prieto María , Sánchez-Hernández Miriam , García-Martínez María , Fernández-García Daniel
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Silver-releasing dressings are used in the treatment of infected wounds. Despite their widespread use, neither the amount of silver released nor the potential in vivo toxicity is known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and the amount of silver released from commercially available dressings with infected wounds.

Methods

The review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. The Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched for studies from 2002 through December 2022. The criteria were as follows: population (human patients with infected wounds); intervention (commercial dressings with clinical silver authorized for use in humans); and outcomes (concentrations of silver ions released into tissues and plasma). Any study based on silver-free dressings, experimental dressings, or dressings not for clinical use in humans should be excluded. According to the type of study, systematic reviews, experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational studies in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were considered. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tools. Studies that assessed at least 65% of the included items were included. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers.

Results

740 articles were found and five were finally selected (all of them quasi-experimental). Heterogeneity was found in terms of study design, application of silver dressings, and methods of assessment, which limited the comparability between studies.

Conclusion

In vivo comparative studies of clinical dressings for control of infection lack a standardized methodology that allows observation of all the variables of silver performance at local and systemic levels, as well as evaluation of its cytotoxicity. It cannot be concluded whether the assessed concentrations of released silver in commercial dressings for the topical treatment of infected wounds are cytotoxic to skin cells.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022351041, PROSPERO [CRD42022351041].
Sociodemographic influences on youth sport participation and physical activity among children living within concentrated Hispanic/Latino rural communities
Authors: Von Seggern Mary J. , Rogers Ann E. , Schenkelberg Michaela A. , Kellstedt Debra K. , Welk Gregory J. , High Robin , Dzewaltowski David A.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Lack of physical activity (PA) among children living in rural communities is a documented public health problem. Although studies have examined community conditions defined by a rural–urban dichotomy, few have investigated rural community conditions with a concentration of Hispanic/Latino people. This cross-sectional study examined sociodemographic characteristics associated with youth sport (YS) participation and daily PA among children living within concentrated Hispanic/Latino rural U.S. Midwest communities.

Methods

During spring 2022, 97% of 3rd–6th grade children (n = 281, aged approximately 8–12 years) attending school in rural Midwestern communities (n = 2) with >50% concentration of Hispanic students participated in the Wellscapes Project, a community randomized trial. Participants completed the Youth Activity Profile and supplemental National Survey of Children’s Health questions assessing PA behaviors and YS participation. Caregivers of a subsample of children (n = 215; males, n = 93; females, n = 122) consented to pair their child’s survey results with school enrollment records (e.g., free/reduced lunch status and race and ethnicity). Mixed models with community as a random effect examined main and interaction effects of grade, sex, ethnoracial status, and family income on YS participation and these sociodemographic characteristics and YS participation on daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA).

Results

Approximately half of children participated in YS. Non-Hispanic White children (n = 82) were over five times more likely to participate in YS than Hispanic peers (n = 133) (OR = 5.54, 95% CI = 2.64–11.61, p < 0.001). YS participants accumulated 8.3 ± 2.3 more minutes of daily MVPA than non-participants (p < 0.001). Sixth graders, females, and Hispanic children reported lower daily MVPA than comparison groups (p < 0.05). Significant interaction effects on daily MVPA between grade and ethnoracial status (F(3, 204) = 3.04, p = 0.030) were also found.

Discussion

Disparities in sport participation and PA outcomes based on sociodemographic characteristics exist among children living in ethnoracially diverse rural communities. Strategies to promote YS participation, including community structural changes, may help reduce PA disparities. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers, public health professionals, and community members to address YS participation barriers, not limited to cost, while considering other PA-promotion efforts to improve child population health.
The impact of social support for older adults in nursing homes on successful aging: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Xu Fan , Zhang Jiquan , Xie Shaoju , Li Qiao , Long Yaoyao
Published: February 2024

Objective

To investigate the connection between social support (SS) and successful aging (SA) in older adults residing in nursing homes, examining the mediating role of meaning in life (MIL). Additionally, this study aims to assess whether frailty moderates the mediation model.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey approach was employed to recruit older adults from six nursing homes in Sichuan Province between August 2022 and December 2022. Questionnaires, including the General Information Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), and Successful Aging Inventory (SAI), were administered. Data obtained from the completed questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS and its macro program PROCESS.

Results

SS emerged as a noteworthy positive predictor of SA in older adults of nursing homes. MIL was identified as a partial mediator in the link between SS and SA. Furthermore, frailty attenuated the positive predictive impact of MIL on SA and moderated the latter part of the mediation model, wherein SS influences SA through MIL. The influence of MIL on SA was more pronounced in older adults with lower frailty levels in nursing homes, while it was diminished in those with higher levels of frailty.

Conclusion

Apart from ensuring the availability of essential medical resources in long-term care for older adults, workers in nursing homes should also recognize the significance of “spiritual aging” to cultivate a sense of MIL among older adults. Simultaneously, attention must be directed toward screening for frailty indicators in older adults. Psychological care and physical exercise programs should be intensified for older adults with a high level of frailty, aiming to decelerate the progression of frailty in nursing home residents. This approach leverages the mediating role of MIL and the moderating influence of frailty, ultimately enhancing SA and promoting healthy aging in older adults within nursing home settings.
A review of the United Arab Emirates healthcare systems on medical tourism and accreditation
Authors: Alshamsi Amna I.
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to review the healthcare system in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the utilisation of international accreditation to improve the quality of healthcare services and to grow its medical tourism industry. Medical tourism has contributed to the UAE's economy. Hence, the country mandated international accreditation in public and private facilities to attract patients and boost medical tourism. Accreditation is recognised worldwide as one of the main drivers for implementing quality and patient safety standards, which has sparked considerable interest in studying the effects and outcomes of such assessments. Therefore, the second aim of this paper is to review the UAE's strategic goals to improve the quality of healthcare services using international accreditation. Although striving to achieve global accreditation attracts tourists, it is essential to understand the needs and outcomes of such assessments. This review showed how the UAE healthcare sector has evolved to improve the quality of its healthcare services through accreditation. While enhancing the quality of such services and increasing the medical tourism industry provided many opportunities for expatriates to move to the UAE, the country should aim to strengthen its medical services by expanding to other Middle Eastern countries. This paper could influence policymakers implementing international accreditation in the UAE and the Middle Eastern region.
Teeth can Tell a Story About Childhood!
Authors: Javaroni Julia Biliato , Santos Larissa Sthefani Sales dos , Gonçalves Juliana de Lima , de Carvalho Fabrício Kitazono , Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia de
Published: February 2024

Tooth enamel is the hardest substance in the human body. It begins forming during pregnancy and the way it forms can provide valuable information about early life. The cells that produce enamel are extremely sensitive to disturbances, so when a child experiences some kinds of stress during enamel development (childhood diseases, fever, or low concentration of oxygen in the blood for example), layers of enamel may contain “scars” reflecting the stressful experience. The type of enamel scars can tell dentists a story about what may have happened before the person was born or shortly after birth. Understanding enamel development is important for knowing the difference between normal enamel and abnormal changes, and such knowledge can help dentists to diagnose and treat enamel issues, to keep the teeth healthy.
Hemispheric comparison of solar flare associated cosmic noise absorption (SCNA) from high latitude stations: Maitri (70.75°S, 11.75°E) and Abisko (68.4°N, 18.9°E)
Authors: Sinha Shipra , Vichare Geeta , Sinha A. K.
Published: February 2024

The effects of solar flares in the D-region ionosphere at two high-latitude stations: Maitri (70.75°S, 11.75°E) and Abisko (68.4°N, 18.9°E), located in different hemispheres are studied. We analyzed 37 M-class flares and 6 X-class flares of the year 2014, which occurred when either or both stations were in the sun-lit side of the Earth. Cosmic Noise Absorption (CNA) curves are obtained using the datasets of riometers located at the two stations and are analyzed for all the 43 events under study. This paper discusses: 1) relationship between CNA and flare magnitude, 2) relationship between CNA and solar zenith angle (SZA), 3) hemispheric asymmetry in the observed solar flare associate CNA (or SCNA), and 4) the effect of background ionospheric condition in the SCNA magnitude at the two high latitude stations. It is observed that the solar flare effect in SCNA strongly depends on the SZA and flare intensity. Our analysis reveals that the flare response in SCNA for the year 2014 was stronger at Abisko than at Maitri. There is an observed hemispheric asymmetry in the solar flare ionization at D-region ionosphere for the given latitude. This asymmetry can be attributed to the previously enhanced background ionospheric ionization during particle precipitation processes. This study shows the need to establish an empirical relationship between the observed CNA vs. flare intensity, SZA and latitudinal position; especially when we go higher in latitudes.
Zero-hunger through the lens of food security in populous Asia: pre and post-pandemic
Authors: Ashraf Jawaria , Jun Ma , Ali Sumran , Ghufran Muhammad , Xiaobao Peng
Published: February 2024

Food security is a matter of human existence and a top agenda item of United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs); in the wake of the fact that 2.37 billion people are classified as either undernourished or unable to sustain regular intake of nutrient-dense diet, is a matter of prime importance across the globe. Our study investigated the zero-hunger reality through the prism of food security impacted by the consumption of fixed capital (Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing), environmental temperature surges, arable land, agricultural land, nitrogen and phosphate nutrient usage in the context of the most populous Asian countries. We employed the quantitative approach to investigate our problem by relying on the data collected from the FAOstat, World Bank, Economist Impact, and national statistics bureaus spanning 2016 to 2020 for six Asian countries such as China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Malaysia. This study’s findings explain that environmental temperature surges and arable land negatively affect food security, while fertilizers and fixed capital consumptions positively impact food security. Moreover, the study findings pave the path for policymakers and businesses to find the best approaches to enhancing food security, hygiene, quality, availability and wealth prosperity in these specific countries, which are half the world’s population, i.e., approximately 4 billion.
Effect of conduction drying on nutrient and fatty acid profiles: a comparative analysis of hazelnuts and walnuts
Authors: Matin Ana , Brandić Ivan , Gubor Mateja , Pezo Lato , Krička Tajana , Matin Božidar , Jurišić Vanja , Antonović Alan
Published: February 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in the nutrient and fatty acid profiles of hazelnuts (Corylus avellana) and walnuts (Juglans regia) subjected to continuous drying. Samples from two consecutive years (2020 and 2021) were analyzed for nutritional value both before and after conduction drying. Thermal conduction drying was performed at 60 and 80°C at intervals of 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. The results showed that hazelnuts had increased ash, protein (from 16.4 to 18.7%), carbohydrate and starch content, while walnuts had a higher pH and fat content (from 60.97 to 71.02%). After drying, increasing temperatures resulted in significant changes in nutrient concentrations for both nuts, including changes in ash, protein, fat (hazelnuts from 58.69 to 71.48% at 60°C for 60 min), carbohydrate and starch content, and pH. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid content varied by sample and year, with notable trends such as the increase in oleic acid in walnuts from 82.26 to 83.67%. Longer drying times and higher temperatures correlated with an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids and a decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids in both nut types. In conclusion, conduction drying, especially at higher temperatures and longer durations, significantly affects the nutrient and fatty acid profiles of hazelnuts and walnuts. The study provides new insights into the effects of drying conditions on the nutrient composition and fatty acid profiles of hazelnuts and walnuts and reveals significant changes that warrant further investigation. It sets the stage for future research to extend these findings to other nut species and alternative drying processes and highlights the importance of optimizing processing parameters for improved health benefits and sustainability.
Investigating the impact of feed-induced, subacute ruminal acidosis on rumen epimural transcriptome and metatranscriptome in young calves at 8- and 17-week of age
Authors: Li Wenli , Larsen Anna , Fregulia Priscila
Published: February 2024

Introduction

With the goal to maximize intake of high-fermentable diet needed to meet energy needs during weaning period, calves are at risk for ruminal acidosis. Using the calves from previously established model of feed-induced, ruminal acidosis in young calves, we aimed to investigate the changes in rumen epimural transcriptome and its microbial metatranscriptome at weaning (8-week) and post-weaning (17-week) in canulated (first occurred at 3 weeks of age) Holstein bull calves with feed-induced subacute ruminal acidosis.

Methods

Eight bull calves were randomly assigned to acidosis-inducing diet (Treated, n = 4; pelleted, 42.7% starch, 15.1% neutral detergent fiber [NDF], and 57.8% nonfiber carbohydrates), while texturized starter was fed as a control (Control, n = 4; 35.3% starch, 25.3% NDF, and 48.1% nonfiber carbohydrates) starting at 1 week through 17 weeks. Calves fed acidosis-inducing diet showed significantly less (p < 0.01) body weight over the course of the experiment, in addition to lower ruminal pH (p < 0.01) compared to the control group. Rumen epithelial (RE) tissues were collected at both 8 weeks (via biopsy) and 17 weeks (via euthanasia) and followed for whole transcriptome RNA sequencing analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis was done using cufflinks2 (fold-change ≥2 and p < 0.05) between treated and control groups at 8-week of age, and between 8- and 17-week for the treated group.

Results

At 8-week of age, DEGs between treatment groups showed an enrichment of genes related to the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (p < 0.005). The impact of prolonged, feed-induced acidosis was reflected by the decreased expression (p < 0.005) in genes involved in cell proliferation related pathways in the RE at 17-week of age in the treated group. Unique sets of discriminant microbial taxa were identified between 8-and 17-week calves in the treated group and the treatment groups at 8-week, indicating that active microbial community changes in the RE are an integral part of the ruminal acidosis development and progression.
Efficacy and Safety of BTKis in Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Ye Jingjing , Chen Hao , Zhou Daobin , Ji Chunyan
Published: February 2024

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) for central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL). Methods: A systematic review was carried out to identify relevant studies from the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, WanFang, CNKI, and CBM databases. The studies included patients with CNSL who received BTKis and reported the overall response (OR), complete remission (CR), and partial response (PR). An overall effect analysis was performed using STATA 15.0. A random-effects model was utilized to calculate the pooled rates, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined for all outcomes. Results: A total of 21 studies involving 368 patients were included in the meta-analysis. For newly diagnosed CNSL, due to the small simple size, we conducted a quantitative description, and the ORR could reach up to 100%. For relapsed/refractory patients, the pooled ORR was 72% (95% CI: 64–80%, I2 = 54.89%, p = 0.00), with a pooled CR and PR of 43% (95% CI: 33–54%, I2 = 65.40%, p = 0.00) and 23% (95% CI: 13–35%, I2 = 78.05%, p = 0.00), respectively. Most adverse events were hematology-related and generally manageable. Conclusion: BTKis showed acceptable efficacy and safety in treating patients with CNSL. However, large and well-designed trials are still required to confirm BTKis as a treatment for CNSL.
Lifestyle and Subsequent Malignant Neoplasms in Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Onerup Aron , Mirzaei Sedigheh , Bhatia Shalini , Åberg Maria , Ware Megan E. , Joffe Lenat , Turcotte Lucie M. , Goodenough Chelsea G. , Sapkota Yadav , Dixon Stephanie B. , Wogksch Matthew D. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hudson Melissa M. , Ness Kirsten K.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to assess longitudinal associations between lifestyle and subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in young adult childhood cancer survivors. Methods: Members of the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (SJLIFE) aged ≥18 years and surviving ≥5 years after childhood cancer diagnosis were queried and evaluated for physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength, body mass index (BMI), smoking, risky drinking, and a combined lifestyle score. Time to first SMN, excluding nonmalignant neoplasms and nonmelanoma skin cancer, was the outcome of longitudinal analysis. Results: Survivors (n = 4072, 47% female, 29% smokers, 37% risky drinkers, 34% obese, and 48% physically inactive) had a mean (SD) time between baseline evaluation and follow-up of 7.0 (3.3) years, an age of 8.7 (5.7) years at diagnosis, and an age of 30 (8.4) years at baseline lifestyle assessment. Neither individual lifestyle factors nor a healthy lifestyle score (RR 0.8, 0.4–1.3, p = 0.36) were associated with the risk of developing an SMN. Conclusions: We did not identify any association between lifestyle factors and the risk of SMN in young adult childhood cancer survivors.
What Is in the Bank? Assessing Persistent Soil Seed Bank Density of Sclerocactus wrightiae (Cactaceae)
Authors: Lariviere David , Anderson Val , Johnson Robert , Larsen Randy
Published: February 2024

Wright fishhook cactus is a small globose cactus endemic to an area of 280,000 ha in south-central Utah and was listed as endangered in October of 1979 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). There is a general paucity of information about this species, and no published data on the seed bank for any species in the genus. Our objective with this study was to provide insight into the established seed bank density for this species. We processed 500 soil samples from various locations near individual cacti and potential neighboring nurse plants. We found that the species had a detectable seed bank of a size similar to other members of the Cactaceae family. Seed bank densities were the highest immediately adjacent to, and downslope from, parent plants. Our data indicate that areas within 20 cm of seed-producing cacti contain by far the greatest density of seeds. These areas should be given special consideration in future management plans for this species.
Coal Share Reduction Options for Power Generation during the Energy Transition: A Bulgarian Perspective
Authors: Todorov Georgi , Kralov Ivan , Koprev Ivailo , Vasilev Hristo , Naydenova Iliyana
Published: February 2024

The sustainable energy transition to a low-carbon and climate-neutral economy by 2050 requires a consistent increase in the share of renewable energy sources (RESs) at the expense of the share of fossil fuels. The coal power plants in the Republic of Bulgaria have provided about one third of the annually produced electric power for decades, utilizing mainly locally available sources of lignite. The present work aimed to review the progress of the energy transition, its rejection and acceptance at the national and international scene alongside the available research for cleaner coal combustion in Bulgaria, as well as discuss a Bulgarian perspective for coal share reduction options for power generation during the energy transition. A comprehensive review was carried out, based on freely accessible data such as research and open media articles, officially published field reports, legislative and strategic acts as well as validated statistical data. Three groups of critical gaps (socioeconomic, sociotechnical and cultural and political) were indicated, claimed to be capable of guiding the just transition. Key factors influencing the process dynamics were identified and categorized in the context of the critical gaps. The peculiar policy criteria for the carbon-intensive regions are as follows: the dominant energy carriers, existing infrastructure, involved actors and choice of strategy. The observations allowed us to conclude that in addition to the efforts achieved and ambitious political will, the identification of reliable technological and socioeconomic measures is needed more than ever (accompanied by interdisciplinary research involving the technical, social and environmental and policy factors), while renewables still have long way to go towards complete substitution of the fossil fuels for power generation, transport, and manufacturing. Limited literature was found for reducing the share of coal from currently operating Bulgarian coal-fired power plants (CFPPs). Herein, short- and/or medium-term measures for carbon emission reduction were discussed, capable of promoting the limited operation of existing CFPPs, thus paving the road towards a sustainable, long-term transition. These measures concerned the typically used power units in the largest CFPPs located at the Maritsa Iztok Mining Complex (MIMC). Analyses of the biomass production, supply and cost for the same type of power units were proposed, considering the use of 100% biomass. Estimated costs, unit efficiencies and power generation were discussed along with the evaluations about the land use, ensuring a given annual productivity of wood chips from fast growing plants, e.g., Paulownia.
Experimental Investigation on Knock Characteristics from Pre-Chamber Gas Engine Fueled by Hydrogen
Authors: Pielecha Ireneusz , Szwajca Filip , Skobiej Kinga
Published: February 2024

Hydrogen-fueled engines require large values of the excess air ratio in order to achieve high thermal efficiency. A low value of this coefficient promotes knocking combustion. This paper analyzes the conditions for the occurrence of knocking combustion in an engine with a turbulent jet ignition (TJI) system with a passive pre-chamber. A single-cylinder engine equipped with a TJI system was running with an air-to-fuel equivalence ratio λ in the range of 1.25–2.00, and the center of combustion (CoC) was regulated in the range of 2–14 deg aTDC (top dead center). Such process conditions made it possible to fully analyze the ascension of knock combustion until its disappearance with the increase in lambda and CoC. Measures of knock in the form of maximum amplitude pressure oscillation (MAPO) and integral modulus of pressure oscillation (IMPO) were used. The absolute values of these indices were pointed out, which can provide the basis for the definition of knock combustion. Based on our own work, the MAPO index > 1 bar was defined, determining the occurrence of knocking (without indicating its quality). In addition, taking into account MAPO, it was concluded that IMPO > 0.13 bar·deg is the quantity responsible for knocking combustion.
Assessing the Performance of Continuous-Flow Microbial Fuel Cells and Membrane Electrode Assembly with Electrodeposited Mn Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Mais Laura , Mascia Michele , Vacca Annalisa
Published: February 2024

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are considered promising energy sources whereby chemical energy is converted into electricity via bioelectrochemical reactions utilizing microorganisms. Several factors affect MFC performance, including cathodic reduction of oxygen, electrode materials, cell internal and external resistances, and cell design. This work describes the effect of the catalyst coating in the air-cathode membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a microbial fuel cell (MFC) prepared via electrodeposition of manganese oxide. The characterization of the synthesized air-cathode MFC, operating in a continuous mode, was made via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses for the determination of the intrinsic properties of the electrode that are crucial for scalability purposes. EIS analysis of the MFCs and of the MEA reveals that the anode and cathode contribute to polarization resistance by about 85% and 15%, respectively, confirming the high catalytic activity of the Mn-based air cathode. The maximum power density of the Mn-based cathode is about 20% higher than that recorded using a Pt/C electrode.
Efficient Production of Microalgal Biomass—Step by Step to Industrial Scale
Authors: Hawrot-Paw Małgorzata , Ratomski Patryk
Published: February 2024

The production of microalgal biomass on a commercial scale remains a significant challenge. Despite the positive results obtained in the laboratory, there are difficulties in obtaining similar results in industrial photobioreactors. Changing the cultivation conditions can affect not only the growth of microalgae but also their metabolism. This is of particular importance for the use of biomass for bioenergy production, including biofuel production. The aim of this study was to determine the biomass production efficiency of selected microalgal strains, depending on the capacity of the photobioreactor. The lipid and ash content of the biomass were also taken into account. It was found that as the scale of production increased, the amount of biomass decreased, irrespective of the type of strain. The change in scale also affected the lipid content of the biomass. The highest values were found in 2.5 L photobioreactors (ranging from 26.3 ± 2.2% for Monoraphidium to 13.9 ± 0.3% for Chlorella vulgaris). The least favourable conditions were found with industrial photobioreactors, where the lipid content of the microalgal biomass ranged from 7.1 ± 0.6% for Oocycstis submarina to 10.2 ± 1.2% for Chlorella fusca. The increase in photobioreactor capacity had a negative effect on the ash content.
Analysis of Financial Losses and Methods of Shutdowns Prevention of Photovoltaic Installations Caused by the Power Grid Failure in Poland
Authors: Hanzel Krzysztof
Published: February 2024

Shutdowns of photovoltaic installations are a problem that has been increasingly affecting private investors who have built home installations of several to a dozen kWp over the last few years. This problem, most often caused by outdated infrastructure, appears in many countries and impacts energy production. This work focuses on three aspects of the problem. The first one answers the question of how shutdowns of the photovoltaic installation affect production, and how significant the energy loss happens when the PV inverter is not working or is in the restart phase. The second aspect proposes an original, low-cost method that reduces the number of shutdowns. This method relates to the auto-consumption mechanism associated with domestic water heaters and the system for measuring voltage and energy consumption from the electrical network. The solution is based on constant monitoring of the network voltage and the switching of heaters based on a dedicated algorithm. Additionally, continuous analysis also allows for reporting observed irregularities to the electricity supplier. The third and final factor corresponds to the real impact of shutdowns on the long-term aspect of the investment and the extension of its payback period, and to what extent the proposed solution shortens this period. Through a detailed analysis on the issue of shutdowns, the proposed solution allows for a reduction in the number of shutdowns by over 40%. However, due to the fact that it discusses a specific case, this solution requires a calibration and adjustment process, which is discussed in the article.
Shear Behavior of Two-Dimensional Propped Rough Fractures
Authors: Zhang Qi , Luo Jin , Wang Sai , Zhu Jinsong , Cui Deshan
Published: February 2024

The deployment of proppant to fracture shear is a promising approach to stimulating hydraulic permeability in fractured reservoirs. However, the interactive effects of proppant and surface roughness have not been clearly revealed. To better understand this concern, direct shear tests (DSTs) are implemented on 2D rough fractures with a joint roughness coefficient (JRC) varying from 4 to 6 and 18 to 20 under propped conditions. The results show that peak shear strength is positively proportional to asperity amplitude. The highest peak shear strength is determined with a JRC of 14–16 due to it having the highest asperity of 6.34 mm. The peak shear load was decreased significantly by deploying the proppant. Shear damage only occurs in the localized zone where the upper–lower asperities contact. The shear dilatancy was attributed to both the “shear climbing” effects and the shear damage that caused the frictional slip. The proppants weaken the climbing effect but also prevent the shear damage that in turn promotes shear dilatancy.
Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Prediction Based on Extreme Learning Machine with Improved Dung Beetle Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Yuhao , Li Ting , Ma Tianyi , Yang Dongsheng , Sun Xiaolong
Published: February 2024

Given the inherent volatility and intermittency of photovoltaic power generation, enhancing the precision of photovoltaic power predictions becomes imperative to ensure the stability of power systems and to elevate power quality. This article introduces an intelligent photovoltaic power prediction model based on the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) with the Adaptive Spiral Dung Beetle Optimization (ASDBO) algorithm. The model aims to accurately predict photovoltaic power generation under multi-factor correlation conditions, including environmental temperature and solar irradiance. The computational efficiency in high-dimensional data feature conditions is enhanced by using the Pearson correlation analysis to determine the state input of the ELM. To address local optimization challenges in traditional Dung Beetle Optimization (DBO) algorithms, a spiral search strategy is implemented during the dung beetle reproduction and foraging stages, expanding the exploration capabilities. Additionally, during the dung beetle theft stage, dynamic adaptive weights update the optimal food competition position, and the levy flight strategy ensures search randomness. By balancing convergence accuracy and search diversity, the proposed algorithm achieves global optimization. Furthermore, eight benchmark functions are chosen for performance testing to validate the effectiveness of the ASDBO algorithm. By optimizing the input weights and implicit thresholds of the ELM through the ASDBO algorithm, a prediction model is established. Short-term prediction experiments for photovoltaic power generation are conducted under different weather conditions. The selected experimental results demonstrate an average prediction accuracy exceeding 93%, highlighting the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed methodology for photovoltaic power prediction.
Heterogeneity and Sedimentary Characteristics of Shale Laminae of Fine-Grained Sediments in Alkaline Lacustrine Strata in the Permian Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag, NW China
Authors: Li Mengying , Wu Songtao , Zhu Rukai , Hu Suyun , Wang Pengwan , Cai Yi , Zhang Surong
Published: February 2024

The heterogeneity, sedimentary characteristics, and distribution of fine-grained sediments of millimeter-scale laminae were studied in alkaline lacustrine strata in the lower Permian Fengcheng Formation (P1f2) in the Mahu Sag to provide a sound theoretical basis for shale oil exploration and development. They were investigated by using core and thin-section observation, geochemical and elemental analysis, mineral identification, and pore examination. Five types of laminae were distinguished, with different mineral compositions, pore characteristics, and distributions. These laminae occur in four distinct combinations. The pore systems predominantly consist of intercrystalline pores, intragranular pores, and dissolution pores of feldspar and dolomite and also contain imporous alkaline mineral particles. Influenced by variations in salinity, the influx of volcanic–hydrothermal material, and the participation of both endogenous and exogenous materials, the formation has gone through five stages of sedimentary evolution. Furthermore, felsic laminae (FQL), dolomite laminae (DOL)/reedmergnerite laminae (RL)/shortite laminae (SL), and chert laminae (CL) developed in single-terrestrial-source still water deposition, hybrid-source still water deposition, and single-intrasource deposition, respectively. Vertically, the FQL-DOL combination shows favorable reservoir characteristics and is the most extensively developed lamina combination in the Fengcheng Formation that primarily developed in the period of the late Feng 1 Member (P1f1), the early Feng 2 Member (P1f2), the late Feng 2 Member (P1f2), and the early Feng 3 Member (P1f3). The FQL-RL/SL combination primarily developed in the period of the middle P1f2, and the DOL-CL combination is the counterpart in the period of the early P1f2 and the late P1f2 stages. Considering this in conjunction with the longitudinal distribution of lamina combinations, a model is proposed for the distribution of fine-grained sediments in alkaline lacustrine strata.
Mechanisms by Which an Evaporated Lagoon Sedimentation System Controls Source–Reservoir Preservation in Lei32 Sub-Member Unconventional Oil and Gas
Authors: Xin Yongguang , Li Wenzheng , Zhang Hao , Tian Han , Fu Xiaodong , Xie Zengye
Published: February 2024

The muddy limestone in the Lei32 sub-member of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in the well Chongtan 1 (CT1) of the Sichuan Basin has yielded promising industrial oil and gas production. This discovery has the potential to become a significant strategic reservoir in the future for oil and gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin. However, the understanding of hydrocarbon accumulation in the muddy limestone of the Lei32 sub-member remains insufficient, which poses limitations on further exploration selection and deployment strategies. This study focuses on the analysis of core samples and laboratory data in the wells CT1 and Jianyang 1 (JY1), aiming to investigate the source rock and reservoir characteristics of the muddy limestone in the Lei32 sub-member, as well as the primary controlling factors influencing the development of the source rock and reservoir. The results show that the Lei32 sub-member in the Central Sichuan Basin is an evaporated lagoon deposition; the tight argillaceous limestone and limy mudstone exhibit the characteristic of source–reservoir integration, belonging to a new type of unconventional oil and gas reservoir. The reservoir space of the argillaceous limestone and limy mudstone in the Lei32 sub-member primarily consists of inorganic and organic micro–nanopores and microfractures. The average porosity and permeability are 2.7% and 0.19 mD, indicating a low-porosity and low-permeability unconventional reservoir. The clay minerals and gypsum content are the important factors influencing reservoir porosity, and the fractures are key factors influencing permeability. This study will elucidate the specific features of hydrocarbon accumulation in the muddy limestone reservoirs of the Lei32 sub-member and provide insights into its exploration potential.
Dynamics of a Rail Vehicle in Transition Curve above Critical Velocity with Focus on Hunting Motion Considering the Review of History of the Stability Studies
Authors: Zboinski Krzysztof , Golofit-Stawinska Milena
Published: February 2024

The most general purpose of the current paper is to trace and discuss the history and state of the art of studies on vehicle motion (dynamics) in a transition curve above the critical velocity, with the aim of potentially increasing the circle of researchers involved in studying this issue and strengthening the will of the authors to continue their studies. This general goal is achieved in two ways: first, through a profiled literature analysis, showing the historical progress and current state of the research; and second, through reference to the history of stability studies as an example of selected studies’ development. In addition, this work has two more specific goals. Together, they consist of collecting the literature in a related field in one place and analyzing it on site to accomplish the review. Both specific goals are attained by dividing the literature into two corresponding parts. In the first part, the current issues of rail vehicle stability are analyzed and divided into four problems. The second part includes works that deal with the subject of the motion and dynamics of a rail vehicle on a transition curve section. Here, the works are divided into five groups and discussed. They are put in order from the closest to the furthest from this paper’s main subject; however, the last group includes the most recent references. In addition, information on the authors’ approach to the problem is provided, including the methods and models used, as well as example results. Based on the analysis of the literature and the state of the art, a summary of the analysis is presented at this paper’s end. It highlights the small number of works on the subject of interest, and based on the review of stability studies, it seeks to encourage present and potential authors to study this field and share their results with society.
Impact of H2 Blending of Methane on Micro-Diffusion Combustion in a Planar Micro-Combustor with Splitter
Authors: Sudarsanan Sreejith , Velamati Ratna , Alquaity Awad , Selvaraj Prabhu
Published: February 2024

An investigation into the non-premixed combustion characteristics of methane in a planar micro-combustor with a splitter was performed. The impact of blending methane with hydrogen on these characteristics was also analyzed. Additionally, the effects of inlet velocity and global equivalence ratio on flame location, flame temperature, combustion efficiency and outer wall temperature were studied for three different fuel compositions: pure methane (MH0), 60% methane with 40% hydrogen (MH40), and 40% methane with 60% hydrogen (MH60)). A heat recirculation analysis of the combustor wall was conducted to determine the amount of heat recirculated into the unburnt gas at various inlet velocities for all three fuel compositions. The results demonstrated that the stability limit of methane in terms of inlet velocity (1–2 m/s) and global equivalence ratio (1.0–1.2) was significantly enhanced to 1–3 m/s and 0.8–1.2, respectively, with the addition of hydrogen. At an inlet velocity of 2 m/s, the flame location of 3.6 mm for MH0 was significantly improved to 2.2 mm for MH60. Additionally, outer wall temperature exhibited a rise of 100 K for MH60 compared to MH0. Furthermore, from heat recirculation analysis, when the ratio of heat recirculated to heat loss exceeded unity, the flame started exhibiting the lift-off phenomenon for all the fuel compositions.
Lithuanian Energy Security Transition: The Evolution of Public Concern and Its Socio-Economic Implications
Authors: Genys Dainius , Krikštolaitis Ričardas , Pažėraitė Aušra
Published: February 2024

The article analyses the evolution of the social dimension in energy security transition in Lithuania. It contributes to an emerging attempt in the literature to broaden the horizons of our understanding of societal transformation and energy transitions. The analysis reveals the interdependence of changing Lithuanian society and its developing energy security concerns throughout the Independence period, from the importance of material threats (ecological, economic, and political) to post-material values (such as climate change concerns) in the context of energy security. Accordingly, the energy sector undergoes a vivid transition from a totally dependent “Energy Island” to a diversified, interconnected, and self-sustainable system. Such a journey inevitably resulted in the highlight of the social dimension in energy security and provoked certain socio-economic implications, like changing public awareness and participation, social equity and justice, and socio-economic resilience and vulnerability. The research is based on case study principles (applying sociological discourse analysis through scientific articles’ qualitative content analysis method as well as energy security policy analysis reviewing all national strategies throughout the Independence period) and is focused on a unique Lithuanian context.
Analysis of the Overhead Crane Energy Consumption Using Different Container Loading Strategies in Urban Logistics Hubs
Authors: Kłodawski Michał , Jachimowski Roland , Chamier-Gliszczyński Norbert
Published: February 2024

This study addresses the critical gap in the literature regarding the energy efficiency of intermodal terminals in smart cities, mainly focusing on crane operations during train loading processes. Novelty’s contribution lies in developing a comprehensive simulation model in FlexSim, where quantitative analysis of crane energy consumption, factoring in container location in the storage yard, rehandling operations, and crane movement strategies were performed. Moreover, the analysis of hoist, trolley, and gantry movements was performed to evaluate their impact on overall container loading process energy efficiency. The findings reveal that the choice of train loading method significantly influences crane energy consumption, thereby affecting the operational costs, environmental footprint, and energy efficiency of the logistics hub in the form of an intermodal terminal. This research provides a methodology for assessing and enhancing the energy efficiency of intermodal terminals and highlights the broader implications for smart city sustainability goals, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions, lower operating costs, and improved transportation infrastructure. The outcomes of this research can possibly support smart city planners and logistics managers in making informed decisions to optimise intermodal terminal operations, contributing to urban areas’ sustainable development and economic resilience.