bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
اتجاهات مدارس التفسير العثمانية في مقاربة السنة وعلوم الرواية: البورصوي والكوراني أنموذجا
Authors: SARMINI Mohamad Anas , SIDDIK Muhammed
Published: December 2020

تتناول هذه الدراسة اتجاه التفسير بالرواية في العهد العثماني، وذلك من خلال مفسرين اثنين، هما البورصوي (ت: 1127هـ) في كتابه روح البيان، والكوراني (ت: 893ه) في كتابه غاية الأماني، ويرجع السبب في اختيار هذين المفسرين ليكونا نموذجا عن التفاسير العثمانية في هذه الدراسة أنها بالإضافة إلى شهرتهما قد اشتغلا بالحديث وعلومه خارج التفسير. بتعبير آخر فإن المؤلفين لهما معرفة واختصاص في علوم الحديث. وهكذا فإن أثريهما يعكسان مقاربة المفسرين في موضوع التفسير بالمأثور.
ومن أجل الإجابة عن هذا السؤال كان لا بد من تفحص السياق الفكري العثماني والبحث عن المؤثرات الفكرية في مدرسة التفسير العثمانية. ذلك أن كل أثر فكري يحمل صفات عصره ويعكسها. قامت الدراسة على دراسة عينة من الأحاديث التي وردت في كلا التفسيرين من عدة نواح: صحتها السندية، وعلاقتها بالتفسير وكيفية استخدام المفسر لها، وفي نفس الوقت ورودها في التفاسير السابقة وذلك من أجل الوصول إلى سؤال البحث الأساسي وهو ما مدى تأثير الحديث في التفسير. وتم عرض الأحاديث التي درست وفق درجة صحتها ووفق سياق ورودها. وهكذا أصبح الجدول الحديثي المعروض في البحث أكثر غنى.
توصل البحث إلى أن التفسير بالأثر لم يكن له حضور كبير في التفاسير العثمانية، كما أن البحث رأى أنه يمكن القول بأن التفاسير اعتمدت في إيراد الأحاديث على التفاسير السابقة. إضافة إلى أن الخلفية الثقافية للمؤلف كان لها دور في تعامل المؤلف مع الحديث في التفسير، فالبورصوي استخدم الحديث في تفسيره للوعظ وكان في تعامله مع الحديث من ناحية الصحة يعتمد الصحة الصوفية أي الإلهام كمصدر أساسي، وفي المقابل فإن الكوراني وعلى الرغم من كونه عالم حديث لم يؤثر هذا الأمر بشكل واضح على تعامله مع الحديث في التفسير، لكنه كان أشد دقة وحيطة في التعامل مع الحديث من ناحية الصحة مع وجود بعض الخلل والأخطاء في ذلك.
The stylistic and poetical-compositional system of a fairy tale. Volume 1 : Oral stylistic foundations of a fairy tale. Experimental study on the Abkhaz material
Authors: Adleyba Dzhulyetta
Published: December 2020

In the present edition “The stylistic and poetical-compositional system of a fairy tale” in 2 volumes, the author's works in the field of the study of the stylistic system of a fairy tale, carried out within the framework of an experimental direction in folklore studies, are combined. The study of the problem in this direction was undertaken by the author on the initiative of the outstanding scientist V.M. Gatsak, Doctor of Philology, Corresponding Member RAS, and was conducted over a number of years. The monograph “Oral stylistic foundations of a fairy tale. Experimental study on the abkhaz material”, which constituted 1 volume of this edition “The stylistic and poetical-compositional system of a fairy tale”, is devoted to topical problems of folklore studies, dictated by the urgent need for a comprehensive audio-visual study of folklore style. The work was carried out according to a special methodology, providing for the study of samples of oral poetry in their living existence in the light of the requirements of the experimental direction in folklore with the obligatory use of repeated recordings of fairy texts at different times, as well as film and photo documents. The aim and task of the research is to reveal the peculiarities of the style of fairy tale narration in their conditionality by the laws of preservation and transmission of traditions. The section “Appendices” contains samples of tabular analysis and intonation recording of typed repetitions, a package of film and photographic documents, a disc with a recording of the text being executed and rhythmic segments.
KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF CAUSES OF GROSS HAEMATURIA AMONG THE INHABITANTS OF KWALKWALAWA RIVERINE SETTLEMENT OF SOKOTO
Authors: Isah  , Giro Musa , Yahaya  , Awosan  , Ibrahim  , Raji
Published: December 2020

Blood in the urine is a common condition seen in people living around the riverine area which may result from bleeding anywhere along the urinary tract. Schistosomiasis is considered to be the commonest cause of haematuria among the inhabitants of riverine areas.

Urinary schistosomiasis affects more than 200 million people worldwide and poses a threat to 600 million in more than 76 countries (WHO, 1993). In Africa alone, about 192 million cases of schistosomiasis have been reported; with Nigeria ranking the highest (15% of cases) followed by the United Republic of Tanzania (about 10% of the cases) and the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ghana with 7-8% each.

A descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted among the inhabitants of Kwalkwalawa village in Wamakko local government Sokoto state, Nigeria.

Majority of the respondents (81.4%) had passed bloody urine at one time of their life-time, unfortunately only 3.1% of the affected respondents had ever being to Hospital for treatment. Only 5.7% relates hematuria to contact with river water and the Knowledge score of gross hematuria revealed that only 11.4% have good knowledge of the disease. Perceived Social determinants of the disease in the environment include; Farming, Fishing, washing and Bathing in the River as well as fetching for Domestic use. The lack of proper knowledge of the cause of the disease and insufficient safe water supplies coupled with inadequate health care facilities may have influenced the infection rate and distribution of the disease in the area. In conclusion the study was able to find out a high prevalence of hematuria among the inhabitants of this study area, however, there is poor knowledge of the cause of bloody urine. Most of the respondents believed that bloody urine can be cured and prevented, but few relate it to drug treatment.
REAL POWER LOSS REDUCTION BY ENRICHED GENETIC ALGORITHM
Authors: Lenin K.
Published: December 2020

In this paper, Enriched Genetic Algorithm (EGA) utilized to solve reactive power optimization problem. In the proposed algorithm Stochastic Universal Selection (SS) is utilized to improve the selection procedure. The selection method in Genetic algorithm (GA) plays a significant role in the runtime to get the optimized solution as well as in the superiority of the solution. In this work, an enriched selection technique is presented which uphold both fast runtime and elevated quality solution. Proposed EGA algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and simulation results show clearly the advanced performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing the real power loss.
SIMULATION OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENT COMPETITIVENESS
Authors: Ryzhkov Alexander S. , Koshkin Konstantyn V. , Knyrik Natalia R. , Ryzhkov Rostyslav S.
Published: December 2020

The success of International Joint Educational Programs of the Educational Establishments   based on effective management. This makes a need for predicting the competitiveness indicators in order to analyze different strategies for the expansion of higher education establishments and the picking up the best scenarios of its market play. The simulation methodology makes possible to performe analysis management that contains elements of actions that influenced by random factors. Using the method of system dynamics as the main tool is due to the complexity of the strategic alternatives selection in a dynamically developing situation, under conditions of external and internal uncertainty. The initial state of performed simulation was based on the parameters that define the market share and the number of potential students of the joint educational program between Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding and partner in Zhejiang City, China. Sensitivity analysis experiments allow determining the influence of the initial hypotheses and the key parameters values on the model output parameters of the interference of competitiveness factors under uncertainty conditions. This significantly improves the effectiveness of management processes.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS AND PROFITABILITY OF SBI AND ICICI BANK
Authors: Priyanka  , Sheokand Karamvir
Published: December 2020

Financial distress is a situation in which a firm or company is not in position to pay its monetary obligation and debts and financial crisis start in the unit. It depicts the short term solvency of the banks. Profitability is the ability of business to earn profit. Profitability is the indication of good health of any business and it increase the value of a business. The main aims of this research paper are to investigate the level of financial distress in the SBI and ICICI bank and difference in the profitability of both banks ranging from 2013 to 2017. For measurement of the level of financial distress and profitability Altman Z-Score model and Independent t-test are used respectively. Result revealed that profitability of both banks was identical. Further study also revealed that both these banks were financially distressed.
REDUCTION OF REAL POWER LOSS BY LAVA HERON OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM
Authors: Lenin K.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a new Lava Heron Optimization (LHO) Algorithm for solving reactive power problem. This algorithm is inspired by the grab skill of the Lava Heron bird. Lava heron bird live in on the freshwater or saline water, swampy marshes or wetlands with tuft of trees mostly in low lying areas, where there are abundant convenience of fishes as their prey. By using the prey catching skill of the Lava Heron bird algorithm has been framed and utilized to minimize the real power loss. Proposed Lava Heron Optimization (LHO) Algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 57,118 bus systems and simulation results demonstrate the commendable performance of the projected Lava Heron Optimization (LHO) Algorithm in reducing the real power loss.
ANTINATAL DIETARY CARE - A REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors: Jain Ankita Rajendra , S. T. Vishala
Published: December 2020

As per Ayurvedic literature each month of pregnancy has its unique requirement which is very important for every pregnant woman. There is detail description regarding pathya-apathya for garbhini.

The pregnancy diet ideally should be light, nutritious, easily digestable and rich in proteins, minerals, and vitamins. Selection of right kind of pregnancy diet can decide the mental and physical health of child so it becomes important to pay extra attention for what u should eat and what u should not. Diet guidelines described under garbhiniparicharya is ideal protocol for pregnant women.
AVIFAUNAL COMPOSITION OF VARIOUS MICROHABITATS OF SOUTHERN NAGAUR (PARBATSAR, KUCHAMAN, NAWA AND MAKRANA), RAJASTHAN
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Choudhary Rounak , Mathur Praveen
Published: December 2020

Present study comprises a comprehensive dataset about the Avifaunal diversity of one of the climatic transition zone i.e., Southern Nagur, Rajasthan. The Study was conducted under the classified six different microhabitats i.e., Agricultural Field Plains, Sambhar Lake and Other Waterbodies, Aravalli Hill Patches, Urban Settlements, Scrub Thorn Forest and Open Grasslands & Wastelands. The key aspect of present study is to provide well structured and extensive information on the avian diversity, their distribution and their habitat association at the study area. A total of 191 Avifaunal species belonging to 21 Orders and 61 Families were recorded from study area. A total of 7 Feeding Guilds were observed in the study area viz., Carnivores, Frugivores, Granivores, Herbivores, Insectivores, Nectivores and Omnivored. The Migratory status and IUCN status of the observed species was also assessed. Jaccard and Sorenson index’s was highest for the Agricultural and Grassland Microhabitats.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of healthcare workers regarding biomedical waste segregation at Mayo Hospital Lahore.
Authors: Qasim Saleha , Momina Ainul , Zahra Fatima Tul , Qasim Tahira Bano , Rehman Fakeha
Published: December 2020

Objectives: This study has been designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of healthcare workers at Mayo Hospital regarding biomedical waste segregation. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Teaching Hospital of King Edward Medical University Lahore, Pakistan. Period: February 2018 to January 2019. Material & Methods: Structured questionnaires in English and Urdu were employed to collect data from healthcare workers (nurses and doctors) on duty in different wards of Mayo Hospital. The demographics, level of knowledge, practices and attitude regarding biomedical waste segregation are reported using descriptive statistics. The comparison of doctors and nurses is done using chi-square. Results: Significantly fewer number of doctors correctly identified the container for bio hazardous waste (p=0.016), while majority (89.4%) of respondents were able to correctly identify the container for sharps and general waste. Significantly more (p=0.00) number of nurses had training in waste segregation as compared with doctors. Majority (95.0%) of nurses acknowledged that guidelines regarding waste segregation were available in their departments, whereas significantly lesser number (64.5%) of doctors acknowledged existence of guidelines at their workplace (p=0.00). 21.3% of respondents claimed to have acquired infection from waste with no statistical difference between the two groups (p=0.19). A minority of the participants agreed that the practices were satisfactory (14.6%) and the required equipment was available (27.7%), yet there was a significant difference between the responses of doctors and nurses with the nurses being more satisfied with the available facilities and equipment (p=0.00) than doctors. Conclusion: The knowledge of the healthcare workers regarding waste segregation is better than their practices, nonetheless there is a dire need to improve the quality of training of these health care workers in and emphases must be put on ensuring that correct practices are adopted.
Patterns of Conversion Disorder cases reported at neurological outpatient clinic.
Authors: Lakhiar Muslim Ali , Bughio Abdul Hafeez , Raza Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Objectives: This study was carried out to see the commonest presenting symptoms of conversion disorder attending Neurology Department Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabad. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Neurology Outpatient at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Period: September 2017 to August 2019. Material & Methods: Sample size of 111 was estimated using Open epi online sample size calculator by taking statistics of conversion disorder as 63%, margin of error as 9% and 95% confidence level. All patients of age more than 9 years of either gender diagnosed as conversion disorder were included in the study using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Results: A total of 111 patients were registered. 33 (29.7%) were male and 78 (70.3%) were females with male to female ratio of 0.4. The age ranged from 10 years to 30 years and the mean age was 23.30 ± 9.94. Out of 111 patients 47 (42.3%) were married and 64 (57.7%) were unmarried. On the other hand majority of patients having conversion disorders 51 (45.9%) had no formal education or educated up to primary 28 (25.2%). Most common symptom was episodic loss of consciousness 24 (21.6%) followed by seizure like activity 23 (20.7%), aphonia 9 (8.1%) & headache 7 (6.3%). Conclusion: The results from our study showed conversion disorders with unexplained symptoms are relatively common in outpatient neurology clinics.
Correlation between levels of serum ferritin and lipid profile status.
Authors: Rahman Safia , Khan Muhammad Ihtesham , Rahman Samiyah , Waqar Saman
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To analyse the correlation between ferritin level in serum and lipid profile in patients presenting to a Tertiary Care Centre. Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive study. Setting: Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. Period: 1st January 2019 to 31st July 2019. Material & Methods: About 60 patients presenting to the laboratory referred for serum lipid profile or serum ferritin were included in the study. Sampling was done by purposive non probability technique. Blood was taken from patients in gel tube. Serum ferritin levels and lipid profile were done in all cases. Lipid profile included serum cholesterol, triglyceride level, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoproteins. The levels were recorded in a proforma. The serum ferritin level was correlated with the lipid profile status in all patient and the results were drawn accordingly. Results: About 60 patients were analysed. The mean age was 20.8± 5.2 years (range: 2 years to 60 years). There were 39 (65%) males and 21(35%) females. Out of 60 cases, serum ferritin level was normal, increased and lower in 15(25%), 40(66.6%) and 5 (8.3%) cases respectively. The cases where serum ferritin was abnormally raised, the significant changes in lipid profile were raised cholesterol and raised triglyceride (in 62.5% and 82.5% cases respectively). Conclusion: There is an association between raised serum ferritin and raised serum cholesterol level and serum triglyceride levels. This supports the link between serum ferritin regulation and lipid metabolism in the body. As dyslipidemia is a major cardiovascular risk factor. Therefore, a raised ferritin level must alert the physician about lipid profile of the patient and should prompt the physician to think about preventive measures against cardiovascular events in order to decrease the morbidity and mortality in patients at risk.
Hearing assessment and status of tympanic membrane pre and post-operated tympanoplasty in cases of CSOM.
Authors: Tahir Hussain Khan Tahir Hussain x , Tahir Humaira , Ali Imran , Malik Sohail Abdul
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To compare assessment of hearing by PTA and status of tympanic membrane by oto-endoscope, pre-operative and post-operative tympanoplasty. Study Design: Retrospective/ Comparative study. Setting: Two different hospitals in Karachi. 1-Social Security Landhi Hospital Karachi. 2- Al-Tibri medical College & Hospital, Old Thana, Malir, Karachi. Period: July 2017 to June 2018. Material & Methods: 76 patients were included for this study with both genders who had dry tympanic membrane perforations. Age ranges between 18 to 40 years. Made two groups A (pre-operative and B (post-operative). In group-A, examined tympanic membrane perforations. 45 patients had small size (25%) perforations, 15 medium size (50%) and 16 subtotal (75%). Hearing assessment done by Pure tone Audiometry (PTA). After 1. 2 and 3 months post-tympanoplasty, examined grafted tympanic membrane and compared pre-operated status of tympanic membrane with post-operated status of tympanic membrane. PTA done after 3 months and compared it with pre-operated PTA. Results: Examination of tympanic membrane before tympanoplasty performed, perforations noted in all patients with different sizes in their tympanic membrane. PTA (pure tone audiometry) advised before tympanoplasty to all patients. Weber test performed on 1st post-operated day, it was lateralized towards operated ear which indicate the safety of inner ear. Post-operated 1, 2 and 3 months examined tympanic membrane with oto-endoscope. Intact grafted tympanic membrane seen in 70 patients after 1 months. After 2 months 72 patients had intact grafted tympanic membrane and after 3 months 73 patients out of 76 patients had intact grafted tympanic membrane. PTA also advised after 3 months of tympanoplasty and compared it with pre-operated pure tone audiometry (PTA). Air conduction (AC) decreased 15.39dB after tympanoplasty. AB-gap reduction 13.95dB seen in 73 patients which showed hearing improvement. P value is < 0.001 significant. Conclusion: Tympanoplasty is a good and safe procedure for hearing improvement by reduction of AB-gap as well as provide protection of middle ear mucosa from infections due to closure of perforations of tympanic membranes.
Reference values of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase in apparently healthy individuals and their relation with body mass index.
Authors: Dar Salman Farooq , Kali Abeera , Atif Malik Muhammad , Javed Saad , Rana Muhammad Burhan Majeed , Haider Umair
Published: December 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the reference values of ALT and AST in healthy, young individuals of Lahore and compare them with international reference values and to determine its relation with Body Mass Index. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Period: March 2017 to May 2017. Material & Methods: Blood Samples were drawn from apparently healthy volunteers and medical students coming to Blood Bank of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore for blood donation, and their ALT and AST values were obtained after screening. Data was analyzed using SPSS v.20 and values between 5th and 95th percentile of ALT and AST levels from healthy subjects were taken as reference values. Results: Reference values for ALT came out to be 13.50-52.50 IU/l whereas reference values for AST were 15.75-47.00 IU/L. It was also observed that Body Mass Index had direct correlation with upper normal limit of ALT & AST values. Conclusion: Values of ALT and AST in our study were consistent with the reference values given in the text books.
Pre and post orthodontic treatment changes in the sagittal and vertical skeletal dimension following all four first premolar extractions.
Authors: Pervez Hana , Ahmed Imtiaz , Behroz Erum , Rizwan Sadia
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To determine mean change in sagittal and vertical skeletal dimension in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with all four first premolar extractions. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study design. Setting: Department of Orthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-Ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. Period: Six months from 18th August 2015 to 18th February 2016. Material & Methods:  50 cases treated with all first premolar extractions were included in this study. The analysis was done on pretreatment cephalogram taken at time of enrolment and post treatment lateral cephalogram taken after 12 months of orthodontic treatment and then their measurements were compared to find out changes in the sagittal and vertical dimension. Results: Pre and post mean SNA, SNB, ANB and Pog-Nperp was not significant  while mean A-Nperp was significantly changed after 12 month treatment (p=0.002). Regarding angular measurement, pre and post mean SNMP, FHMP, MMA, Go-OP, SN-OP, Y axis was not significant while mean SN-PP, UI_SN, IMPA was significantly reduced after 12 month treatment. Similarly vertical measurement, pre and post mean LAFH, PFH was not significant while mean UAFH and, TAFH was significantly reduced after 12 months of treatment. Conclusion: Sagittal and vertical skeletal dimension showed no significant change in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with all four first premolar extractions. Some degree of extrusion was noted in all orthodontic patients who have undergone all four first premolar extractions.
Pattern of pediatric trauma during covid-19 pandemic lockdown in Multan.
Authors: Zahra Mahreen , Kashif Muhammad , Khan Ikramullah , Majid Mateullah
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To determine the pattern of pediatric trauma during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Multan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Departments of Pediatric Emergency Two Major Hospitals of Multan. Period: 15th March 2020 till 30th April 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 231 patients were included in the study. Data on age, sex, mechanism and pattern of injury, severity of injury, body area involved and rural/urban housing was collected on a predesigned performa. Descriptive statistics were run using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 231 patients, 168 (72.7%) were male with the mean age of 6.01 years± 3.02. Most of the injuries noted were fall (64.9%) followed by burn (12.98%), hit by some heavy object (11.72%) and stab (7.8%). Road side accidents were the least (2.6%) common. There was no report of sexual abuse in children during this pandemic lockdown in Multan. Life threatening injuries were reported in 8.66% and 90% of the injuries were non-life or limb threatening. Regarding body area involved, head injuries remained the most common (37.23%) followed by limb injuries (35.50%) and the abdomen was the least common body area involved. Conclusion: It is concluded that during pandemic lock down most of the pediatric trauma is not severe and is still avoidable by increase public awareness programs regarding home safety and resource allocation.
Cold antibodies association with cellulitis, deep vein thrombosis and abnormal red cells indices: A Case Report.
Authors: Faiz Faiz Ahmed , Bashir Muhammad Faisal , Ghazanfer Sidra , Faiz Muhammad Fahad , Tayyab Muhammad , Aftab Khalid , Tahir Muhammad , Idrees Imran
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To provide awareness to the pathologists and technologists all about the red cells parameters in cold antibodies concerned cases. Case Report Findings: A sixty seven-years-old male admitted in emergency department of our hospital, having clinical history of swelling and pain in both the lower limb and feet, on physical examination, provisionally diagnosed as a case of Cellulitis and deep vein thrombosis(DVT). Blood specimen was obtained for general hematological investigations. Full blood count (FBC) was performed on sysmex XP-100 hematological analyzer which showed invalid findings especially red cells indices which were not corresponding to the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of the patient. Blood sample was repeated, to confirm invalid red cells indices which showed values as in the 1st blood specimen. Blood smears revealed aggregation of red cells. By warming the ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) tube containing the blood specimen, in water bath at 37⁰C for one hour and repeated the FBC on hematological analyzer and found the corrected red cells indices. Conclusion: Basic knowledge of cold antibodies and warming the blood sample at 37⁰c for one hour helps the correct diagnosis.
In vitro quality assessment of ten brands of metronidazole benzoate suspensions marketed in Warri, Nigeria
Authors: Nkemakolam Nwachukwu  , Edwin Aboje Ubieko
Published: December 2020

Therapeutic failure as a result of high incidence of fake, adulterated, counterfeit and substandard drugs usage is a major concern to health practitioners, drug regulatory agencies, drug consumers and the general public in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to carry out in vitro quality assessment/evaluation of ten (10) different brands of metronidazole benzoate suspensions that are marketed in Warri, Nigeria. Metronidazole benzoate suspensions (10 brands) were purchased from some pharmacies in Warri, Nigeria. They were checked for the label information on both the secondary and primary packages, physical examination of the primary containers for tampering/breakage of seal on cap, organoleptic properties, pH, sedimentation volume, flow rate, viscosity, redispersibility and content of active ingredient/assay using standard methods. Results obtained showed that the suspensions had the necessary information on their labels, the containers were not tampered with in order to access or change their content. All the brands tested showed good results for color variation, pH, viscosity, flow rate, sedimentation, and redispersibility. All the brands met with their label claims of metronidazole benzoate content based on British Pharmacopoeia specification [95 - 105 %] except one brand (MET-A), that failed. Generally, nine of the brands representing 90 % met with their label claim and can be considered fit for distribution and consumption.
Risk score for assessment of adults with acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage: A prospective study
Authors: Zaid Saad Abdul Alsattar  , Fadil Agla Bonyan  , Ahmed Salih Ahmed  , Laith G. Shareef
Published: December 2020

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding has created an increasing demand for medical and surgical care; in addition, It is potentially serious and considered life-threatening in all age groups. This prospective study aims to find out the most common causes of GI bleedings, the incidence, the mode of treatment, and to investigate whether a simplified clinical score was able to predict the level of severity in the emergency department. About 170 patients aged (19 – 73) years who had been admitted to the emergency department in Baghdad teaching hospital were prospectively evaluated according to the causes of GI bleeding they presented with, the mode of treatment, and the degree of severity. Out of 170 patients included in this study, 95 patients (55.88%) were males, and 75 patients (44.12%) were females, with an average age of 41.11 years. The causes of GI bleeding were peptic ulcer (29.41%), gastritis (18.82%), diverticulitis (8.82%), hemorrhoids (8.23%), colonic cancer (7.64%), inflammatory bowel diseases (7.64%), anal fissure (7.05%), mesenteric ischemia (7.05%) and oesophagal varices (5.29%). Most of the cases of a peptic ulcer due to duodenal ulcer. Diagnostic endoscopy and conservative management were the main modes of treatment in these patients. Peptic ulcer and gastritis appear to be the main causes of GI bleeding, especially upper GI bleeding, while diverticulitis seems to be the main cause of lower GI bleeding and can be managed conservatively. Haemorrhoids and anal fissures will be managed surgically, either elective or emergency surgery. Also, our simplified clinical score appeared to be associated with the detection of the level of severity, which may deserve urgent interventions.
Microbial contamination correlated to hygienic habits attitudes and practices toward handling contact lens units
Authors: Zahira Murhaf AL-Khani  , Hadeel T. AL-Hadithi
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Contact lenses (CLs) are medical or cosmetic devices, comfortable and more convenient alternative to eyeglasses. Eye infection will result when microbes are introduced onto CLs, because defense against microbial invasion in the anterior chamber of the eyes is weak due to the very poor blood supply. Method: The present study investigates hygienic habits, attitudes and practices of thirty CL wearers, toward lens care, that might yield to microbial contamination of CL units through examination of 120 samples (4 items of each CL units) to detect microbial growth and to understand associated factors through a structured questionnaire. Results: Microbial contamination was detected in at least one item of twenty-five CL units (83.3%). None of disinfecting care solutions in original bottles was found contaminated. Incidence of microbial contamination in storage case (Right and Left) and rims of solution bottles was 21 (70%), 17 (56.7%) and 6 (20%) respectively. Eye redness after CLs wearing was almost a statistically significant sign associated with contaminated CL units (p=0.088). Using water only to wash hands and CL storage cases has been incriminated for increased contamination. Conclusions: Impurities in CL storage cases have led to reduced efficacy of disinfectant care solutions. Value-added awareness of CL wearers should be improved by regular visit to eye care professionals.
MENUMBUHKAN MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA PADA WANITA DI DESA SONOADI MELALUI SEMINAR KEWIRAUSAHAAN SONOADI
Authors: Himawan Abdurrahman Fariz Indriya , Fauziyah Nur , Sukaris Sukaris , Rahim Andi Rahmad
Published: December 2020

Kewirausahaan (entrepreneurhip) merupakan persoalan penting di dalam perekonomian suatu bangsa yang sedang berkembang. Tumbuh berkembangnya jiwa kewirausahaan Wanita desa dipengaruhi oleh sosialisasi dan pelatihan kewirausahaan. Kegiatan Sosialisasi dan pelatihan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pengetahuan tentang kewirausahaan dan bagaimana cara membangkitkan minat wirausaha bagi wanita desa. Faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi minat wirausaha pada wanita desa ini meliputi pelatihan kewirausahaan, pengalaman kerja, pendidikan dan usia. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa variabel pelatihan kewirausahaan mempunyai angka indeks lebih besar daripada variabel pengalaman kerja, usia dan pendidikan. Sehingga dengan adanya seminar kewirausahaan dan pelatihan dapat memberikan dampak yang baik pada warga desa sonoadi khususnya wanita.
PEMBUATAN ALAT PENGOLAH LIMBAH RUMAH TANGGA DALAM MENGATASI MASALAH KEBERSIHAN DI DESA BANJARMADU KECAMATAN KARANGGENENG, LAMONGAN
Authors: Aini Mahbubah Nina , Fauziyah Nur , Rahim Andi Rahmad , Sukaris Sukaris
Published: December 2020

Secara geografis, Desa Banjarmadu terletak di wilayah Kecamatan Karanggeneng Kabupaten Lamongan, Secara umum mata pencaharian warga Desa Banjarmadu teridentifikasi ke dalam beberapa sektor yaitu petani, pedagang,dan sektor industri. Mayoritas pekerjaan masyarakat desa adalah sebagai petani.Selain itu terdapat Unit Kegiatan Masyarakat (UKM) yang dijalankan masyarakat desa Banjarmadu. Jika dilihat dari sektor kependudukan jumlah penduduk desa Banjarmadu berjumlah 3456 jiwa dengan total 1152 KK yang tercatat didesa. Dengan melihat banyaknya kepala keluarga yang ada di desa Banjarmadu maka bisa diperkirakan banyaknya sampah yang dihasilkan setiap harinya. Hasil dari program kerja yang diadakan oleh Tim Dosen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik dengan membuat alat “Komposter Sederhana” dan membuat plakat “Dilarang membuang sampah sembarangan” agar masyarakat bisa menyadari cara pengolahan sampah agar tidak menimbulkan dampak yang tidak baik untuk masyarakat lainnya.
Mediación penal juvenil en Chile: límites y posibilidades
Authors: Porto Rosane Teresinha Carvalho , Diehl Rodrigo Cristiano
Published: December 2020

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo contextualizar sobre la mediación penal juvenil en Chile, siendo esta una de las prácticas de Justicia Restaurativa. El tema se considera actual debido a los desafíos y perspectivas basadas en el abolicionismo penal de la criminología crítica de Hulsman y Nils Christie. En este contexto la pregunta es: ¿cuáles son los límites y las posibilidades de la implementación de la mediación penal juvenil en Chile en cuanto una de las prácticas de Justicia Restaurativa? En términos concluyentes, en cuanto a la legislación juvenil chilena, es necesario revisarla y reexaminarla, porque la falta de especialización para jueces y fiscales, así como el paradigma punitivo con respecto a los adolescentes, dificultan la conexión y el diseño institucional de implementación y aplicación de las prácticas de Justicia Restaurativa en el país a través de una política pública. En materia metodológica, se utiliza el materialismo dialéctico como método de aproximación y la técnica de investigación documental y bibliográfica.
The periodic reporting procedure of the United Nations System and the human right to water: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Nascimento Germana Aguiar Ribeiro do
Published: December 2020

A água é fundamental para a vida. Contudo, foi apenas nos anos 70 que o acesso a este bem começou a ser discutido, a nível internacional, como um direito humano. Antes disso, algumas Convenções e Tratados das Nações Unidas reconheciam, de alguma forma, o direito à água, mas tal direito tinha que ser inferido de outros direitos ou estava limitado à uma determinada categoria de pessoas. Independentemente das suas limitações, estes textos podem reforçar a aplicação do direito humano à água, especialmente através dos seus mecanismos de monitoramento: os relatórios periódicos e os casos litigiosos. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar em que medida o mecanismo de relatórios periódicos pode contribuir à efetividade do direito humano à água. Para tal, a metodologia qualitativa será utilizada. A investigação documental, o estudo da jurisprudência e a legislação internacional apoiarão a informação relacionada ao tema. Parece que, de fato, os relatórios periódicos reforçam a existência de um direito humano à água autônomo, mas, no que se refere à sua efetiva aplicação, a contribuição deste mecanismo de monitoramento depende da conformidade dos países com suas obrigações legais.
О перспективах Дальнего Востока после саммита АТЭС-2012
Authors: Авдеев Ю. А.
Published: December 2020

Проведен анализ последствий прошедшего восемь лет назад саммита АТЭС во Владивостоке: как принималось решение о проведении мероприятия, какие объекты построены, как это отразилось на социально-экономической ситуации в городе и Приморском крае, какие инвестиционные проекты после саммита реализуются на территории Дальнего Востока, и насколько предпринятые усилия повлияли на отток населения. Утверждается, что сырьевая направленность экономической специализации является главной причиной сохраняющейся высокой миграции, тогда как курс на новую индустриализацию и инновационное развитие может принципиально изменить ситуацию. Предлагается набор мер, которые смогут обеспечить переход к новому типу хозяйствования: во взаимоотношениях власти и потенциальных резидентов территорий опережающего развития и свободного порта Владивосток; в организации пространства и формировании агломерации нового типа; в трансформации роли и содержания работы Восточного экономического форума и уточнении миссии федерального университета.
Путь сотрудника в организации: Employee Journey Map как методология анализа
Authors: Харченко В. С.
Published: December 2020

Рассматривается подход Employee Journey Map (EJM) как методология анализа пути сотрудника в организации. Карта пути сотрудника содержит семь основных этапов: информация о компании, трудоустройство, адаптация, работа в должности, карьерное развитие, увольнение и жизнь после работы в компании. На каждом этапе необходимо учитывать и анализировать особенности групп и сообществ, формируемых организацией (соискателей, новичков, действующих и бывших сотрудников), барьеры и драйверы, с которыми сталкиваются сотрудники. Методические особенности изучения этих этапов раскрываются на примере крупной финансовой компании. Для каждого из них предлагаются ключевые исследовательские вопросы (основной фокус анализа) и методические решения (формат исследования, методы сбора данных, возможности и ограничения в реализации). Описаны некоторые результаты реализованных кейсов.
Advancing urban analytics for energy transitions: Data-driven strategic planning for citywide building retrofitting
Authors:   , Pasichnyi Oleksii
Published: December 2020

Decarbonisation of the building stock is essential for energy transitions towards climate-neutral cities in Sweden, Europe and globally. Meeting 1.5°C scenarios is only possible through collaborative efforts by all relevant stakeholders — building owners, housing associations, energy installation companies, city authorities, energy utilities and, ultimately, citizens. These stakeholders are driven by different interests and goals. Many win-win solutions are not implemented due to lack of information, transparency and trust about current building energy performance and available interventions, ranging from city-wide policies to single building energy service contracts. The emergence of big data in the building and energy sectors allows this challenge to be addressed through new types of analytical services based on enriched data, urban energy models, machine learning algorithms and interactive visualisations as important enablers for decision-makers on different levels. The overall aim of this thesis was to advance urban analytics in the building energy domain. Specific objectives were to: (1) develop and demonstrate an urban building energy modelling framework for strategic planning of large-scale building energy retrofitting; (2) investigate the interconnection between quality and applications of urban building energy data; and (3) explore how urban analytics can be integrated into decision-making for energy transitions in cities. Objectives 1 and 2 were pursued within a single case study based on continuous collaboration with local stakeholders in the city of Stockholm, Sweden. Objective 3 was addressed within a multiple case study on participatory modelling for strategic energy planning in two cities, Niš, Serbia, and Stockholm. A transdisciplinary research strategy was applied throughout. A new urban building energy modelling framework was developed and demonstrated for the case of Stockholm. This framework utilises high-resolution building energy data to identify buildings and retrofitting measures with the highest potential, assess the change in total energy demand from large-scale retrofitting and explore its impact on the supply side. Growing use of energy performance certificate (EPC) data and increasing requirements on data quality were identified in a systematic mapping of EPC applications combined with assessment of EPC data quality for Stockholm. Continuity of data collaborations and interactivity of new analytical tools were identified as important factors for better integration of urban analytics into decision-making on energy transitions in cities.
Anode Performance of Sustainable, Hemp-derived, Flexible, Binder-free, Carbon Fabrics in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Toprakçı Ozan , Karahan Toprakci Hatice Aylin
Published: December 2020

Fabrication of sustainable products are of significance from many aspects recently. Industrial hemp as one of the most sustainable, environment friendly plant can be used for many applications. In this study, various sustainable, hemp-derived, binder free, flexible anode materials were prepared by the two-step carbonization method. Plain woven hemp fabric was used as a starting material. Fabrication of hemp-derived anode materials were carried out in two steps known as stabilization and carbonization. While the stabilization step was performed at 220 °C for all samples, carbonization was carried out at 600, 700, 800 and 900 °C in order to optimize the carbonization process. Morphological, electrical and electrochemical characterization of the hemp-based anodes were carried out. Electrical resistance of the hemp-based anodes showed differences depending on the carbonization temperature. Electrochemical results showed that 800 °C is the optimum condition in terms of carbon yield and cell performance if the reversible capacity, cycling stability and rate capability values are considered.
Population Structure of Pagellus Acarne (Risso, 1927) in the North Aegean Sea
Authors: Gül Güzin , İşmen Ali , Arslan İhsanoğlu Mukadder
Published: December 2020

Sparidae family is one of the most important demersal group for Turkish fisheries. When considering the importance of Turkey fisheries, population parameters of Pagellus acarne Risso, 1827 have a many proposition for future fisheries studies. Studies of biology and population parameters of this species are very limited in the Aegean Sea; therefore we aimed to determine population parameters (length-weight relationship, age and growth parameters, mortality rates and reproductive season) in order to obtain a data for the future studies. We caught 2673 Pagellus acarne specimens between September 2006 to September 2008 from monthly samples at depths ranging from 20 to 500 m in the Saros Bay using a commercial bottom trawl net. Total length and weight range from 3.5 to 27.1 cm, 1.93 to 314.5 g, mean length and weight were 14.0±0.05 cm, 35.6±0.46 g respectively. The length-weight relationship was detected W=0.001*L3.054, which indicated positive allometric growth. The high GSI value was in September. The data on maturity stages indicated that length at 50% maturity (L50) for females 18.1 cm TL for males 15.3 cm TL. The age data derived from sagitta otoliths reading were used to estimate the growth parameters and ranged from 1-4 aged. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters of the total were L∞=30.63 cm, K=0.26 year-1, to= -0.95. The instantaneous total mortality was Z= 0.72 year-1, the natural mortality M = 0.54 year -1, the fishing mortality F=0.19 year-1 respectively. The exploitation ratio (E) of the stock was found as 0.26. Pagellus acarne is the most important marine fish species with high commercial value for both Turkey coast and all the Mediterranean basin. This study aims to define basic population parameters which should be needed for further fisheries studies and management strategies in the in Saros Bay, the North Aegean Sea.
Identification of Sea Cucumber Holothuria (Lessonothuria) Pardalis (Selenka, 1867) and Holothuria (Semperothuria) Cinerascens (Brandt, 1835) (Family-Holothuriidae) based on Morphological and Mitochondrial DNA Evidence and Phylogenetic Analysis from Karachi Coast, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Quratulan , Ali Qadeer Mohammad , Macdonald Angus Hh
Published: December 2020

The conventional taxonomy on sea cucumbers is challenging due to their morphological complexity. Molecular investigation of the class Holothuroidea was initiated for further clarity regarding the systematics and taxonomy of this class. A molecular phylogeny of the Holothuroidea was constructed by using maximum likelihood methods, and this unveiled variation in the existing taxonomic classification, which is largely based on the morphology of calcareous parts. H. pardalis and H. cinerascens from Pakistan was identified morphologically but no information was found with regard to molecular identification. This is the first research describing the molecular identification of H. pardalis and H. cinerascens based on 16S rRNA and COI genes from the Karachi Coast of Pakistan. Comparisons of mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI to accessioned sea cucumber sequences on GenBank confirmed H.pardalis’ and H. cinerascens identity. This study is the first to report on molecular identification of H.pardalis and H. cinerascens based on the 16S rRNAand COI gene from the Karachi Coast, Pakistan.
ENERGY SECURITY POLICY OF EUROPE
Authors: HASANOVA Shabnam
Published: December 2020

The current article attempts to discuss some topical issues related to energy security in the EU against the context of the gas crisis between Russia and Ukraine in 2009. In response to this potential and existential political challenge, Europe has embarked on a process of considering alternative non-Russian sources in their procurement of natural gas resources. Essentially, this process has exposed the Caspian Sea region and particularly the immense gas fields of Azerbaijan, as potentially viable sources. From this standpoint, the purpose of this paper to develop an integrated theoretical framework for energy security concept and to shed light on the policies and strategies applied by the European Union countries to confront the challenges that faces them. The outcomes and consequences of the crisis which were resulted in finding Azerbaijan as Europe’s new and alternative energy provider. Constructing energy union in EU might be the most important project in the history of the world.
TÜRK EĞİTİMİNDE İLKÖĞRETMEN OKULLARINA BİR BAKIŞ: GÖNEN İLKÖĞRETMEN OKULU
Authors: YÜZBAŞI Esin
Published: December 2020

Öğretmen okulu olarak 1954-1974 yılları arasında 2.381 kadar öğretmen yetiştiren, Gönen İlköğretmen Okulu, ülkede öğretmen yetiştirme konusunda önemli bir rol üstlenmiştir. Okul bölgenin en iyi okulu olup, Gönen İlköğretmen Okulu’na gitmenin ayrıcalık olduğu bir dönemi yaşatmıştır. Parasız yatılı olarak öğrenim veren Gönen İlköğretmen Okulu’nun öğrencileri aldıkları öğretmenlik derslerinin yanı sıra okulun atölyelerinde uygulamalı dersler de alarak zanaat da öğrenmişlerdir. Ayrıca bu okulun her bir öğrencisinin mutlaka bir enstrüman çalması istenmiştir. 6 yıl eğitim veren Gönen İlköğretmen Okulu’nun öğrencileri hem laboratuvar hem atölye hem de tarım çalışmalarında bulunarak pratik yapmış ve atölyelerde ders araçlarını kendileri üretmiştir. Üretilen bu ders araçları kullanılmak üzere staj okullarına ve bazı ilkokullara gönderilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, 1954-1974 yılları arasında Gönen İlköğretmen Okulu’nun öğrenci, öğretmen ve mezun sayıları, öğrencilerin ders bilgileri ve yaptıkları etkinliklerin yanı sıra öğrencilerin bu okuldaki günlük yaşamları, öğretmen-öğrenci ilişkileri de ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın eğitim tarihindeki literatüre katkı sunması ve literatürdeki boşluğu doldurması düşünülmektedir.