bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The etiology of bacterial dropsy of woody plants
Authors: Черпаков В.В.
Published: September 2020

Бактериальная водянка (БВ), также известная как мокрая древесина (МД), наиболее вредоносный бактериоз лесных пород России. В России и за рубежом причиной указывают бактерии Erwinia multivora, Enterobacter nimipressuralis, Enterobaсter сloacae, Pectobacterium сarotovorum, а также конгломерат видов из более чем 15 родов. Выделено пять ключевых факторов патогенеза: 1) трещины стволов, разрыв ксилемы, флоэмы, брожение жидкости с выделением газа; 2) обводнение ядра, заболони, потёки жидкости; 3) мокрые раны с мацерацией ксилемы, камбия, луба, выделением слизи; 4) мокрые гнили корней с мацерацией, мягкие гнили самосева и сеянцев; 5) загнивание семян, желудей, орехов, шишек с эксудатами по типу мягких гнилей. Свойства E. multivora (сбраживание углеводов, выработка кислот, газа, продуцирование пектолитических ферментов) контролируют все пять факторов патогенеза БВ, а Ent. nimipressuralis и Ent. сloacae (выработка кислот, газа) – только первые два. Бактерии не вырабатывает пектолитические ферменты, не поражают корни, плоды, семена, сеянцы. Возможна их причастность к образованию водослоя, трещинам, но не мацерирующим патологиям. Возбудитель БВ E. multivora – пектолитическая энтеробактерия, которая не отличается от P. сarotovorum. Полагаем, что Е. multivora является возможным синонимом P. сarotovorum. Свойства P. сarotovorum делают патоген потенциальной причиной БВ-МД, однако исследования по древесной специализации P. сarotovorum отсутствуют.

Bacterial dropsy (BD), also known as wetwood (WW), is the most harmful bacterial blight in the forests of Russia. Both, in Russia and abroad, the cause of BD-WW is usually identified as bacteria Erwinia multivora, Enterobacter nimipressuralis, Enterobaсter сloacae, Pectobacterium сarotovorum, or a conglomerate of species of over 15 genera. Five key factors in the pathogenesis are identified: 1) the cracks in trunks, breaking of xylem or phloem; liquid fermentation with gas release; 2) flooding kernel, sapwood, streaks of liquid; 3) wet wounds with mucus, maceration of xylem, cambium, phloem; 4) wet rot with maceration in roots, rotting roots in self-seeding and seedlings; 5) soft rot type decay with exudate in seeds, acorns, nuts, and cones. Рroperties of E. multivora (digestion of carbohydrates, production of acid and gas, production of pectolytic enzymes) control all 5 factors in the pathogenesis of BD, while those of Ent. nimipressuralis and Ent. сloacae (production of acids, gas) control only the first two. Ent. nimipressuralis and Ent. сloacae do not produce pectolytic enzymes and do not affect roots, fruits, seeds, or seedlings. It is possible that these species contribute to wetwood and fractures, but not to macerating pathologies. The causative agent of BD is E. multivora, a pectolytic enterobacterium, which does not differ from P. carotovorum. We believe that E. multivora is a possible synonym of P. carotovorum. The properties of P. сarotovorum suggest that the pathogen can be a cause of BD-WW, however there are no studies on wood specialization in P. carotovorum.
Organization of access to wireless ad hoc networks of information systems for monitoring forest territories from the environment of OS Windows 10
Authors: Заяц A.М. , Хабаров С.П.
Published: September 2020

В основе технической реализации современных информационных систем мониторинга лесных территорий лежат беспроводные самоорганизующиеся Ad Hoc сети. Однако, в отличие от ОС Windows 7, доступ к отдельным узлам этой сети с ноутбуков и планшетов, работающих на базе более новой ОС Windows 10, затруднен из-за отсутствия в графической оболочке этой системы возможности работы с Ad Hoc сетями. В настоящей статье предлагается подход для организации такого типа беспроводных подключений, при котором использует внутренние ресурсы ОС Windows 10, доступные из среды ее командной строки, и реализованные в семействе команд netsh wlan. На простейшем примере прямого Wi-Fi соединения двух виртуальных машин с беспроводными USB адаптерами показана работоспособность предложенного подхода и достаточно подробно описана необходимая для этого последовательность действий.

The technical implementation of modern information systems for monitoring forest territories is based on wireless self-organizing Ad Hoc networks. However, unlike Windows 7, access to individual nodes of this network from laptops and tablets working on the basis of the newer Windows 10 is hampered by the lack of the ability to work with Ad Hoc networks in the graphical shell of this system. This article proposes an approach for organizing this type of wireless connection, which uses internal resources of Windows 10, available from its command line environment, and implemented in the netsh wlan command family. On the simplest example of direct Wi-Fi connection of two virtual machines with wireless USB adapters, the operability of the proposed approach is demonstrated and the necessary sequence of actions is described in sufficient detail.
Azithromycin Nanosuspension Preparation using Evaporative Precipitation into the Aqueous Solution (EPAS) Method and its Comparative Dissolution Study
Authors: Shariare Mohammad Hossain , Mondal Tonmoy Kumar , Alothaid Hani , Sohel Md. Didaruzzaman , Wadud Md. , Aldughaim Mohammed S. , Rashid Md Abdur , Kazi Mohsin
Published: September 2020

Aim:

EPAS (evaporative precipitation into aqueous solution) was used in the current
studies to prepare azithromycin nanosuspensions and investigate the physicochemical characteristics
for the nanosuspension batches with the aim of enhancing the dissolution rate of the nanopreparation
to improve bioavailability.

Methods:

EPAS method used in this study for preparing azithromycin nanosuspension was
achieved through developing an in-house instrumentation method. Particle size distribution was
measured using Zetasizer Nano S without sample dilution. Dissolved azithromycin nanosuspensions
were also compared with raw azithromycin powder and commercially available products.
The total drug content of nanosuspension batches was measured using an Ultra-Performance
Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) system with Photodiode Array (PDA) detector while residual solvent
was measured using Gas Chromatography (GC).

Results:

The average particle size of azithromycin nanosuspension was 447.2 nm and total drug
content was measured to be 97.81% upon recovery. Dissolution study data showed a significant increase
in the dissolution rate for nanosuspension batch when compared to raw azithromycin and
commercial version (microsuspension). The residual solvent found for azithromycin nanosuspension
is 0.000098023 mg/mL or 98.023 ppb.

Conclusion:

EPAS was successfully used to prepare azithromycin nanoparticles that exhibited a
significantly enhanced dissolution rate. Further studies are required to scale up the process and determine
long term stability of the nanoparticles.
Pregnancy Complicated by the Most Frequent Forms of Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young: A Narrative Review on Its Pharmacological Implications
Authors: Gonzalez Claudio Daniel , Perkins Victoria Insussarry , de Lima Agustina Alves , Fogar Rocio , Frechtel Gustavo D. , Di Girolamo Guillermo
Published: September 2020

Background:

Monogenic Diabetes (MFD) represents close to 2% of all the cases of diabetes
diagnosed in people younger than 45 years old. Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young
(MODY), neonatal diabetes, and several syndromic forms of diabetes are included among the most
accounts for about typical forms of MDF. MODY is the most frequent type of MFD, with MODY
1, 2, 3, and 5 being the most prevalent forms. The aim of this narrative review is to describe pregnancy
associated changes in the pharmacological profile of the antidiabetic drugs used in women
with the most frequent MODY subtypes.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was carried out to identify eligible studies from MEDLINE/PubMed,
EMBASE and SCIELO databases through 1970 first semester.

Results:

Pregnancy introduces changes in the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile of
some of the treatments used in MODY. MODY 3 (also known as HNF1-A MODY) is the most frequent
MDF. MODY 3 patients are highly sensitive to Sulfonylureas (SU). This is also the case for
MODY pregnant women. This high sensitivity to SU is also registered in patients with MODY 1
(HNF4-A MODY). Pharmacodynamic changes have been proposed to explain this behavior (Epac2
hyperactivity). However, changes in expression/activity of the metabolizing CYP2C9 cytochrome
and/or alterations in the drug transporters oatp1 (Slc21a1), Lst-1 (Slc21a6), OATPD (SLC21A11),
and oat2 may better explain, at least in part, this phenomenon by an increase in the concentration
of the active drug.

Conclusion:

Conclusion: The impact of changes in the pharmacological behavior of drugs like SU and other
metabolized/transported by mechanisms altered in a pregnancy complicated by MODY is unknown.
However, switching-to-insulin recommendation formulated for MODY 1 and 3 seems to
be justified. Further research in this field is needed for a better understanding of changes in drug activity
associated with this particular subset of patients with MFD.
Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B in Ethnic Han Chinese
Authors: Zhang Zhe-Wei , Guo Xiao , Qi Xiao-Ping
Published: September 2020

Background:

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN 2B) is mainly caused by
M918T RET germline mutation, and characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC),
pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and non-endocrine features. However, the diagnosis and treatment are
usually delayed.

Methods:

This study reports 5 Chinese pedigrees with 5 individuals harboring germline RETM918T,
and systematically reviewed previous Chinese literature reported.

Results:

All 5 patients initially presented MTC, but none had biochemically cured postoperatively.
2 also presented bilateral PHEO after adrenal-sparing surgery, 1 needed steroid replacement. Further,
a total of 32 MEN 2B patients from literature were clustered with 28 available for analysis. 26
(92.8%) were diagnosed by endocrine-related symptoms; the remaining 2 (7.2%) due to RET testing
and oral symptoms, respectively. 25 patients underwent thyroidectomy with/without neck
lymph node dissection at the mean age of (23.3 ± 10.4) years. Histopathological examination revealed
MTC (100%). Of them, 17 had definite TNM stage, with 1 in stage III and others in IV.
Other information of MEN 2B-related symptoms included penetrance of PHEO (60.7%), constipation
(32.1%), Hirschsprung disease (25%), alacrima (17.8%), mucosal ganglioneuroma (96.4%)
and marfanoid habitus (71.4%). 19 patients were verified harboring RET-M918T (c.2753T>C), of
whom 15 (78.9%) were de novo mutation. The other 9 were clinically diagnosed as MEN 2B.

Discussion & Conclusion :

The initial diagnosis of MEN 2B is relatively later, and diagnosed by
non-endocrine components is extremely lower. Recognition of MEN 2B and its non-endocrine-related
components is still the utmost requirement for a Chinese physician. Combined RET screening
and serum calcitonin detection can facilitate early diagnosis.
Study on the Characteristics of Schottky Temperature Detector Based on Metal/n-ZnO/n-Si Structures
Authors: Wang Fang , Wei Jingkai , Guo Caixia , Ma Tao , Zhang Linqing , Xia Congxin , Liu Yufang
Published: September 2020

Background:

At present, the main problems of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
based temperature detector are the narrow range of temperature detection and difficulty in the measurement
of high temperature. Besides, MEMS devices have different response characteristics for various
surrounding temperature in the petrochemical and metallurgy application fields with hightemperature
and harsh conditions. To evaluate the performance stability of the high-temperature
MEMS devices, the real-time temperature measurement is necessary.

Objective:

A Schottky temperature detector based on the metal/n-ZnO/n-Si structures is designed to
measure high temperature (523~873K) for MEMS devices with a large temperature range.

Methods:

By using the Finite Element Method (FEM), three different work function metals (Cu, Ni
and Pt) contacting the n-ZnO were investigated to realize Schottky. At room temperature (298K) and
high temperature (523~873K), the current densities with various bias voltages (J-V) were studied.

Results:

The simulation results show that the high-temperature response power consumption of three
Schottky detectors of Cu, Ni and Pt decreases successively, which is 1.16 mW, 63.63 μW and 0.14 μW.
The response temperature sensitivities of 6.35 μA/K, 0.78 μA/K, and 2.29 nA/K are achieved.

Conclusion:

The Cu/n-ZnO/n-Si Schottky structure could be used as a high-temperature detector
(523~873K) for the high-temperature MEMS devices. It has a large temperature range (350K) and a
high response sensitivity of 6.35 μA/K. Compared with the traditional devices, the Cu/n-ZnO/n-Si
Schottky structure-based temperature detector has a low energy consumption of 1.16 mW, having potential
applications in the high-temperature measurement of the MEMS devices.
Gender Effects in the Business School Classroom: A Social Power Perspective
Authors: Moshavi Dan , Dana Susan , Standifird Stephen S. , Pons Frank
Published: September 2020

This study examines whether students at two universities perceive social power differences between male and female business faculty. Using gender schema and social power theories, we posit that female faculty members will be perceived by students as having greater referent power and that male faculty members will be perceived by students as having greater expert, legitimate, reward and coercive power. Results of a survey involving 892 students at two universities indicate that male faculty members are perceived as having greater expert power, while no gender differences exist on referent, reward and coercive power. Contrary to our hypotheses, female faculty members are perceived as having greater legitimate power.
Weakness in Numbers: Towards an Understanding of Employees of Color’s Responses to Organizational Research Efforts
Authors: Cox Edmondson Vickie , Barnes Jodi , Gupte Gouri
Published: September 2020

Employees of color have been reluctant to respond or to give candid responses when participating in organizational research, putting its validity at risk. In this literature review, we examine how employees of color’s assessment of and satisfaction with an organization‘s commitment to diversity affect their willingness to participate in organizational research efforts in multicultural organizations. Two general propositions are explored but not tested: (1) responding openly is of little or no utility to employees of color, and thus responding is of no genuine value, and (2) responding candidly could lead to adverse consequences for them.
Focus. De erfenis van het westerse christendom
Authors: Hoek J.
Published: September 2020

N.a.v. Tom Holland, Dominion. The making of the Western Mind, Little,  Brown, Londen 2019, 594 p., £ 14,99 (ISBN 9781408706961). Nederlandsevertaling: Heerschappij. Hoe het christendom het Westen vormde, Athenaeum, Amsterdam 2020, 640 p., € 29,99 (ISBN 9789025305673).
О структуре тонких пленок монооксида германия
Authors: Астанкова К.Н. , Володин В.А. , Азаров И.А.
Published: September 2020

By means of optical (Raman spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and electron microscopic methods, it was found that the atomic structure of stoichiometric germanium monoxide films corresponds to the random bonding model, without the formation of germanium nanoclusters. This structure is metastable and transforms into a structure which is close to random mixture model at a temperature 260 oC and higher. The metastability of solid GeO may be related to the presence of internal mechanical stresses in the atomic network.
Низкочастотный шум в светодиодах на основе InGaN/GaN квантовых ям при электрических воздействиях, сопровождающихся возрастанием внешней квантовой эффективности
Authors: Иванов А.М.
Published: September 2020

The results of testing the degradation of LED structures with InGaN/GaN quantum wells are presented. An increase in the external quantum efficiency above the initial value was observed after passing a current of 150–170 mA. Possible physical processes leading to a change in quantum efficiency and an increase in low-frequency noise are considered.
Особенности отражения электромагнитных волн СВЧ-диапазона от магнитных коллоидов
Authors: Туркин С.Д. , Диканский Ю.И.
Published: September 2020

An experimental study of the reflection of a microwave electromagnetic (EM) wave at a frequency of 10.65 GHz from a magnetic fluid layer (magnetic colloid) and composites synthesized on its basis has been carried out. It was found that with an increase in the concentration of the solid phase in a homogeneous magnetic colloid, the conditions for the occurrence of ferromagnetic resonance change. The features of the process of reflection of an EM wave from a layer of magnetic emulsion under the influence of magnetic fields, the intensity value of which is much less than the intensity corresponding to the condition of ferromagnetic resonance, are revealed.
Theoretical calculations of the modulus of the reflection coefficient from a five-layer system containing a magnetic emulsion were carried out, followed by a comparison of their results with experimental data. In the same range of field strengths, the reflection of an EM wave from a layer of a composite of a magnetic fluid and non-magnetic particles of micron-sized bronze is investigated.
County-Level Social Distancing and Policy Impact in the United States: A Dynamical Systems Model (Preprint)
Authors: McKee Kevin L , Crandell Ian C , Hanlon Alexandra L
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Social distancing and public policy have been crucial for minimizing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States. Publicly available, county-level time series data on mobility are derived from individual devices with global positioning systems, providing a variety of indices of social distancing behavior per day. Such indices allow a fine-grained approach to modeling public behavior during the pandemic. Previous studies of social distancing and policy have not accounted for the occurrence of pre-policy social distancing and other dynamics reflected in the long-term trajectories of public mobility data.

OBJECTIVE

We propose a differential equation state-space model of county-level social distancing that accounts for distancing behavior leading up to the first official policies, equilibrium dynamics reflected in the long-term trajectories of mobility, and the specific impacts of four kinds of policy. The model is fit to each US county individually, producing a nationwide data set of novel estimated mobility indices.

METHODS

A differential equation model was fit to three indicators of mobility for each of 3054 counties, with T=100 occasions per county of the following: distance traveled, visitations to key sites, and the log number of interpersonal encounters. The indicators were highly correlated and assumed to share common underlying latent trajectory, dynamics, and responses to policy. Maximum likelihood estimation with the Kalman-Bucy filter was used to estimate the model parameters. Bivariate distributional plots and descriptive statistics were used to examine the resulting county-level parameter estimates. The association of chronology with policy impact was also considered.

RESULTS

Mobility dynamics show moderate correlations with two census covariates: population density (Spearman r ranging from 0.11 to 0.31) and median household income (Spearman r ranging from –0.03 to 0.39). Stay-at-home order effects were negatively correlated with both (r=–0.37 and r=–0.38, respectively), while the effects of the ban on all gatherings were positively correlated with both (r=0.51, r=0.39). Chronological ordering of policies was a moderate to strong determinant of their effect per county (Spearman r ranging from –0.12 to –0.56), with earlier policies accounting for most of the change in mobility, and later policies having little or no additional effect.

CONCLUSIONS

Chronological ordering, population density, and median household income were all associated with policy impact. The stay-at-home order and the ban on gatherings had the largest impacts on mobility on average. The model is implemented in a graphical online app for exploring county-level statistics and running counterfactual simulations. Future studies can incorporate the model-derived indices of social distancing and policy impacts as important social determinants of COVID-19 health outcomes.
Applications of Extended Reality in Ophthalmology: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Ong Chee Wui , Tan Marcus Chun Jin , Lam Michael , Koh Victor Teck Chang
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality make use of a variety of different software and hardware, but they share three main characteristics: immersion, presence, and interaction. The umbrella term for technologies with these characteristics is extended reality. The ability of extended reality to create environments that are otherwise impossible in the real world has practical implications in the medical discipline. In ophthalmology, virtual reality simulators have become increasingly popular as tools for surgical education. Recent developments have also explored diagnostic and therapeutic uses in ophthalmology.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to identify and investigate the utility of extended reality in ophthalmic education, diagnostics, and therapeutics.

METHODS

A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Publications from January 1, 1956 to April 15, 2020 were included. Inclusion criteria were studies evaluating the use of extended reality in ophthalmic education, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Eligible studies were evaluated using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels of evidence. Relevant studies were also evaluated using a validity framework. Findings and relevant data from the studies were extracted, evaluated, and compared to determine the utility of extended reality in ophthalmology.

RESULTS

We identified 12,490 unique records in our literature search; 87 met final eligibility criteria, comprising studies that evaluated the use of extended reality in education (n=54), diagnostics (n=5), and therapeutics (n=28). Of these, 79 studies (91%) achieved evidence levels in the range 2b to 4, indicating poor quality. Only 2 (9%) out of 22 relevant studies addressed all 5 sources of validity evidence. In education, we found that ophthalmic surgical simulators demonstrated efficacy and validity in improving surgical performance and reducing complication rates. Ophthalmoscopy simulators demonstrated efficacy and validity evidence in improving ophthalmoscopy skills in the clinical setting. In diagnostics, studies demonstrated proof-of-concept in presenting ocular imaging data on extended reality platforms and validity in assessing the function of patients with ophthalmic diseases. In therapeutics, heads-up surgical systems had similar complication rates, procedural success rates, and outcomes in comparison with conventional ophthalmic surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

Extended reality has promising areas of application in ophthalmology, but additional high-quality comparative studies are needed to assess their roles among incumbent methods of ophthalmic education, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
A Digital Program (Hope) for People Living With Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Wright Hayley , Martin Faith , Clyne Wendy , Clark Cain C T , McGillion Michael , Matouskova Gabriela , Turner Andrew
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

During the COVID-19 lockdown period in the United Kingdom that began on March 23, 2020, more than a quarter of a million people with cancer reported worsening mental health. Help to Overcome Problems Effectively (Hope) is a self-management program for people with cancer, designed to provide support for distress, unmet needs, and poor psychological health. In light of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic, digital delivery of the Hope Programme has become ever more vital for people with cancer. Previous pre-post studies of the digital Hope Programme have found reduced anxiety and depression and improved well-being for people with cancer. However, evaluation of this evidence has been limited by the lack of a control group in these previous studies.

OBJECTIVE

We now present a protocol for a feasibility randomized controlled trial of the digital Hope Programme for people with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary outcomes will be recruitment, dropout, and adherence rates, and estimations of sample and effect size. To detect signals of efficacy, secondary outcomes will be participant mental health and well-being.

METHODS

Participants will be recruited by Macmillan Cancer Support (MCS) through their social media networks. The study will employ a feasibility wait-list randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, with people with cancer being randomized to join the digital Hope Programme immediately (intervention group [IG]) or join a 6-week waiting list (wait-list control group [WLCG]) with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Participants will complete digital measures of depression, anxiety, mental well-being, and confidence in managing their own health. Online questionnaires will be administered preprogram and 6 weeks postprogram.

RESULTS

All people who had requested access to the Hope Programme from MCS (N=61) will be invited to participate in the trial. Baseline data collection commenced in April 2020, and the Hope Programme began for the IG in May 2020 and for the WLCG in June 2020. Postprogram data collection was completed by the end of August 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

This feasibility study will provide data to inform the design of a future definitive trial. Wider-scale provision of the digital Hope Programme has potential to improve the lives of thousands of people with cancer and reduce the burden on health care providers during these unprecedented times.

CLINICALTRIAL

ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN79623250; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN79623250

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/24264
The Effect of Methanolic Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Kepel Fruit (Stelechocarpus burahol) to α-Glutathione S-Transferase Enzyme Concentration of Rat Liver and Blood Induced by CCl4
Authors: Rabbani Yusuf , Airin Claude Mona , Riyanto Sugeng
Published: September 2020

Degenerative diseases are mostly caused by high free radical concentrations in the body. Kepel fruit(Stelechocarpus burahol) is known to contain flavonoid compounds, a class of compounds that has free radicalscavenging activity in the body and could affect the activity of antioxidant enzymes. There have been reportsthat methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fractions of Kepel fruit have the lowest IC50 values, compared toextracts or fractions which are made using other organic solvents, on in vitro assays so that flavonoids aresuspected as responsible compounds to the free radical scavenging activity. This study aimed to identify thepresence of flavonoid content in methanolic extract and the fraction of ethyl acetate of Kepel fruit and also itseffect on rat alpha Glutathione S-Transferase (α-GST) enzyme concentration for the function to prevent hepaticcell damage due to carbon tetrachloride exposure. The identification of flavonoids content used a series ofcolor chemical reaction tests and thin layer chromatography that used silica gel 60F254 as the solid phase andmixture of ethyl acetate, formic acid, glacial acetic acid, and water (100: 11 : 11: 20 v/v) as the mobile phase.This study used 30 Sprague-Dawley female rats (age 2-3 months) that were grouped into 5 groups as solventcontrol (CMC-Na) group, negative control (CCl4) group, positive control (vitamin C) group, methanolic extractgroup, and ethyl acetate fraction group. All groups were induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) compoundsexcept for the CMC-Na solvent control group. Blood sampling at 0 h, 24 h, and 72 h, while liver sampling at 24h and 72 h, with 3 samples each group. The analysis of rat α-GST enzyme concentrations used theEnzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Based on the phytochemical test, the methanolicextract and the ethyl acetate fraction of Kepel fruit have been identified contains flavonoids compound. Basedon the in vivo study, the positive control group's α-GST enzyme concentration was decreased, while thenegative control group's α-GST enzyme concentration was increased. Administration of methanolic extractand ethyl acetate fraction also decreased both liver and blood rat α-GST enzyme concentrations, althoughwithout significant correlation, and still could prevent the hepatic cell damage due to carbon tetrachlorideexposure.
Kritik terhadap Kapitalis-Patriakis dan Perspektif Subsistensi dalam Novel Aroma Karsa Karya Dewi Lestari
Authors: Rasiah Rasiah , Yana Yana , Burhan Faika
Published: September 2020

Since capitalism-patriarchy is viewed as the specter of the problem of the emergence of injustice, it has been raising efforts to realize social justice and environmental sustainability through restructuring of the human mindset towards nature and fellow humans. The principle of capitalism-patriarchy has led to a culture of death and destruction because it is characterized by domination, power, exploitation, and environmental damage. This research sought to describe the criticism of patriarchal-capitalism and the subsistence perspective shown in the novel Aroma Karsa written by Dewi Lestari. Through ecofeminism proposed by Vandana Shiva and Mies, this study found that the power of the capitalist-patriarchal was represented through male figures such as; Jati Wesi, Khalil, and Ferdi, who utilize nature and parts of women's bodies for financial interests and sexual desires through the production of the most expensive perfume, make certain plant species endangered and oppressed. Their cultivation efforts cannot be separated from profit orientation. The perspective of subsistence is then carried out by women characters to preserve, protect, and utilize natural resources as needed out of exaggeration. It is illustrated through female figures; Janirah, Raras, and Tanaya Suma who tried to stem the power and domination of men over nature and women's bodies for the benefit of capital. The subsistence perspective in the novel Aroma Karsa by Dewi Lestari emphasizes the preservation and protection of nature for the sake of mutual needs and comfort, and it is women who understand more about nature more than men.
JAMALOKE: BINGKAI KECINTAAN PADA TANAH AIR DAN KESIA-SIAAN
Authors: Husain Sarkawi B.
Published: September 2020

Novel Jamaloke, adalah sebuah novel yang ditulis oleh anak dari pelaku sejarah Revolusi Indonesia di Surabaya. Novel ini didasarkan pada buku harian ayahnya. Isi novel tidak seluruhnya tentang realitas sesungguhnya dari peristiwa saat revolusi yang terjadi di Surabaya. Dalam konteks ini, pembaca dihadapkan pada persoalan hubungan antara historiografi dan karya sastra (dalam bentuk novel). Historiografi dan karya sastra keduanya merupakan simbol verbal, tapi memiliki perbedaan yang tegas antara keduanya.
The Impact of Principal Leadership Style on Teachers’ Happiness and Consequently Their Self Efficacy
Authors: Haddad Loureen D. , Ashqar Rawia
Published: September 2020

This article assumes that a school principal is the most important figure in every school. It also assumes that principal style of leadership is significant factor affecting teachers’ happiness at school and their job satisfaction. Based on these assumptions, the article examines the impact of principal leadership style on teachers’ happiness and through this variable on their self-efficacy. The study examines the influence of each the three major leadership styles: transformational, rewarding and avoiding on teachers’ happiness. Teachers’ happiness is measured through the commitment of a teacher to the school objectives, where commitment is measured through his/her compliance with the school goals, identification with the school staff and internalization of the school values. Finally, self efficacy is measured through the degree of success in realizing the school goals and missions. The findings of the study point to a positive impact of the transformational and to a less extent rewarding leadership styles on teachers’ happiness and self efficacy.
Science literacy empowerment for elementary school students at Kera Island Kupang Regency-East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Uslan U. , Muh Abdul Syahril , Muhsam Julhidayat , Aiman Ummu , Meilani Dian , Letasado Muhammad R. , Hasyda Suryadin , Ahmad Rizqy Amelia Ramadhaniyah
Published: September 2020

In the 21st century, science literacy is the main competence and indicator to achieve better and more sustainable future. However, limited facilities and resources raise as an issue that have implications to the less optimal application of science literacy empowerment in various regions, including in several areas in East Nusa Tenggara. The objective of this community service is to do mentoring program on the empowerment of science literacy for students at emergency schools in NTT. The target is school-age children living in the island who are subjected to illiteracy due to lack of supporting educational facilities. Methods implemented were through these four stages: (1) initial observation of the area, (2) mapping the problem, (3) socializing the programs, and (4) organizing the science literacy movement. The activities carried out were making educational learning media utilizing plastic waste, creating a reading corner equipped with some interesting books as additional references for children and parents to know about the outside world, creating educational games and actions for the natural surroundings. The results of the observation confirm that the community service program run effectively. It is indicated that the community service project is able to foster students’ interest in reading, writing, and arithmetic. This community service activity is expected to take part in the eradicating illiteracy rate and reducing number of productive age dropouts in East Nusa Tenggara Province.
Improving android-based e-learning skills of Biology teachers in Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Arifin Arifah Novia , Bahri Arsad , Suryani A. Irma
Published: September 2020

The era of the industrial revolution 4.0 changed the way of looking at education. The changes made are not just a way of teaching, but are far more essential that is in the perspective on the concept of education itself. The competence of Biology teachers in Enrekang Regency in designing learning tools and media based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is still low. This community partnership program activity aimed to improve the ability of high school biology teachers to use android-based e-book creation software. In the implementation of this training activity, the following results were obtained: (1) Increasing the ability of MGMP teachers for Biology subject in Enrekang Regency in designing Android-based e-book learning media, (2) As the assessment, an overall average score of this program was 4.93 (categorized as good criteria). Based on the results of this community partnership program, it is hoped that the results can be a good input for the Enrekang Regency Education office in particular, education practitioners and the government in general. To sum up,  the ability of teachers related to the application of technology and information in learning activities using various technology utilization through sorts of trainings still need hard efforts to increase.
Iraqi Dentists' Risk-Based Restorative Treatment Decisions
Authors: Aledhari Fatin Abd Al Sattar , Sargeran Katayoun , Gholami Mahdia , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza
Published: September 2020

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the decision-making by Iraqi dentists concerning the use of restorations in the treatment of dental caries.

Methods:  A cross-sectional study based on a self-administered questionnaire was conducted among 159 dentists who worked in public health sector in Baghdad during summer of 2016. A questionnaire which obtained information on age, attitude, knowledge and barriers, in addition to two scenarios designed to investigate dentists' restorative treatment threshold, was used. Paper patient cases (PPCs) were indicated high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) patients were also provided. Dentists were asked to point out at when they will start restoration of the teeth according to each PPC.

Results: After checking for completeness, 90 questionnaires remained for data analysis. For HR scenario: Dentists with medium and high barrier scores (74.2%), and those with low and medium preventive attitude (78.6%) showed the lower scores in restorative treatment threshold. In LR scenario, we found an interaction between age and other predictors. Dentists â‰¤40 years old made better preventive decisions.

Conclusion: The present study showed that age and good preventive attitude play an important role in making the restorative decision by dentists. Continuing education programs must be provided for Iraqi dentists to improve their preventive treatment decisions.
Pengaruh Pendekatan Matematika Realistik Terhadap Prestasi dan Karakter Jujur Kelas III SDIT Al-Madinah Cibinong Bogor
Authors: Lestari Tyas Dian , Muhyani Muhyani , H.Mukhtar H.Mukhtar , Asmahasanah Salati
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan matematika realistik terhadap prestasi belajar dan karakter jujur di kelas III SDIT Al-Madinah Cibinong Bogor.Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimen semu, pada penelitian ini pemilihan subyek pada quasi experimental tipe Non Equivalent Control Group Design tidak dilakukan pemilihan secara random melainkan dipilih dengan sengaja oleh peneliti. Variabel bebas yaitu pendekatan matematika realistik, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah prestasi dan karakter jujur. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen penelitian yaitu observasi untuk mengambil data karakter jujur, test untuk mengambil data prestasi melalui pre-test dan post-test dan dokumentasi.

Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, menghasilkan rata-rata post-test kelas eksperimen sebesar 96,4 dan rata-rata post-test kelas kontrol 87,9 sehingga diperoleh –t hitung > -t tabel (-9,328> -7,211), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan penggunaan pendekatan matematika realistik terhadap prestasi dan karakter jujur. Data observasi karakter jujur menghasilkan rata-rata setelah penerapan pembelajaran kelas eksperimen sebesar 30,1, dan rata-rata setelah penerapan pembelajaran kelas kontrol 21,3 sehingga diperoleh  –t hitung > -t tabel (-17,877> -13,746), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan penggunaan pendekatan matematika realistik untuk menumbuhkan karakter jujur.

 

Kata kunci: Matematika Realistik, Prestasi, Karakter jujur
Pengembangan Buku Petunjuk Praktikum IPA Berbasis Learning Cycle Bagi Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Chan Faizal , Budiono Hendra
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to produce a science learning manual based on a learning cycle for grade IV students of valid, practical and effective elementary school. The test subjects in this research were grade IV students of SDN 131 / IV Jambi City. This research uses the type of Research and Development (research and development), adopts the ADDIE development model with stages of analysis, design, develop, implementation, and evaluation. The due diligence includes the level of validity and practicality. Data collection instruments in this research development are validity and practicality instruments. The data in this study are quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data in the form of the results of the validation of the science practical manual. Qualitative data in the form of teacher and student responses to the developed practical guide. This research resulted in a science learning manual based on a learning cycle with the validity of the material included in the valid category with an average of 3.41, the validity of the display included a very valid category with an average of 3.52. The practicality level of the teacher and student response questionnaire was included in the practical category with an average of 78.75%. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the development of science instruction manuals based on leraning cycles for grade IV elementary school students is in the valid and practical categories. From the results of this study it is hoped that the teacher can design a proaticum manual at another grade level.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran The Power Of Two untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN 104/I Simpang Jebak
Authors: Khaidir Firman , Setiono Panut , Heri Muspida
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine how the application of learning models The Power Of Two to improve social studies learning outcomes in grade IV SDN 104/I Simpang Jebak. This study is a class action (Classroom Action Reasearch). Concluded this research : Using the model of learning The Power of Two can enhance the activity of student learning and learning outcomes in social studies lesson on the material development of production teknlogi, trasnportasi, and communication in class IV SDN 104/I Simpang Jebak. Student activity through the application of learning models The Power of Two reached an average of 53.5% (less criteria) in cycle 1, then the teacher can make improvements increased the activity to 63.5% (enough criteria) in cycle 2 and cycle 3 more increased to 75.4% (Criterion good) student learning results from tests (Evaluation) cycle I reached an average of 57% (or less), then the teacher make improvements in cycle 2 study results increased by an average of 64% (enough) and the third cycle is increased to 75% (good). Learning model The Power Of Two can improve student learning outcomes in social studies learning the material development of production technology, transportation and comunication class IV SDN 104/I Simpang Jebak.
Pengembangan Media Miniatur Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA) Pada Pembelajaran IPA Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Noviyanti Silvina , Hamidi Hamidi
Published: September 2020

This study aims to develop learning media for miniature energy sources of hydroelectric power plants, to determine the validity and practicality of hydropower media. This type of research uses the ADDIE development model (analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation.) This media was developed and then validated by the validator, including the validation of media experts and learning experts. From the results of the validation, the expert team can find out the feasibility level of the product made. After obtaining the results of validation, then the individual trials were carried out and a small group trial was conducted to determine the practicality of learning media for mini energy sources from the 4th grade hydroelectric elementary school. This researcher has produced a product in the form of a miniature PLTA energy source learning media with the theme of always saving energy, sub-themes of energy sources, learning 2, the contents of the competency learning energy class IV SD energy learning. Learning media for PLTA miniature energy sources developed can be used as learning support media, research is expected to be carried out in order to develop a variety of learning media that are more interesting.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Siswa dalam Menjumlahkan dan Mengurangkan Suatu Bilangan dengan Bantuan Media Batu Kerikil di Kelas I SDN 177/I Tapah Sari
Authors: Rusmini Rusmini
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to improve students' ability to add and subtract a number with the help of gravel media in class I students at SDN 177 / I Tapah Sari, Batanghari Regency, Jambi. This research was conducted in grade 1 students with a total of 13 male students and 11 female students. Before the improvement was held there were only 14 students who had not been able to reach the KKM 65, in the first cycle students who achieved KKM became 20 students, and in the second cycle increased to 24 students or all students had reached the KKM. From this study it can be seen that there is an increase in students' abilities as follows: On average before the holding of the improvement, 58.33% of the first cycle increased to 83.33% and in the second cycle increased again to 100%. This proves that the use of gravel media assistance can improve students' ability to add and subtract numbers.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Pengelolaan Sampah Di Sekolah Terhadap Sikap Peduli Lingkungan Siswa Di SDN Batan Indah
Authors: Raharjo Dika Cipta , Santi Apri Utami Parta
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya pemahaman siswa akan pentingnya menjaga lingkungan terutama lingkungan sekolah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survey dengan menggunakan tes pilihan ganda (PG) sebanyak 31 pertanyaan untuk pengetahuan pengelolaan sampah dan angket sebanyak 20 pernyataan untuk sikap peduli lingkungan. Populasi  yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa  kelas V SDN Batan Indah yang berjumlah 121 siswa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling, dengan menggunakan besaran rumus slovin sebesar 5% dan didapati sampel sebanyak 93 siswa dari 3 kelas A,B dan C. Analisis data menggunakan korelasi dan koefisien determinasi, diperoleh nilai r- Hitung sebesar 0,581 dan R Square 33,7%. Hal ini menunjukan adanya pengaruh pengetahuan pengelolaan sampah di sekolah terhadap sikap peduli lingkungan siswa di SDN Batan Indah.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share ini dapat meningkatkan partisipasi siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (classsroom action research). Penelitian ini terdiri dari ti
Authors: Agusdianita Neza , Karjiyati Victoria , Anggraini Dwi , Dalifa Dalifa , Panut Setiono
Published: September 2020

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis kurikulum pengembangan model pembelajaran model pembelajaran tematik kesiapsiagaan bencana banjir bagi siswa di sekolah dasar di daerah aliran sungai (DAS) Kota Bengkulu. Analisis tersebut digunakan dalam merancang model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran tematik integratif di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pemetaan tema dan kompetensi dasar kelas 4 dan mengidentifikasi indikator  kesiapsiagaan bencana banjir. Data dikumpulkan dengan melalui penelusuran kajian pustaka yang relevan.
Penerapan Model Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share untuk Meningkatkan Partisipasi Siswa pada Materi Pembelajaran IPA di Kelas VI SDN 113 Kota Jambi
Authors: Perawati Perawati , Sukendro Sukendro , Sulistyo Urip
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share ini dapat meningkatkan partisipasi siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (classsroom action research). Penelitian ini  terdiri dari tiga siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan evaluasi, serta analisis dan refleksi. Dimana model ini adalah pembelajaran kelompok yaitu guru memberi apersepsi untuk mengajak siswa berpikir (Think) lalu mengelompokkan siswa dengan terdiri dari 2-6 orang yang kemudian berdiskusi (Pair) dan mempersentasikannya di depan kelas (Share) untuk mendapatkan kesimpulan pada akhir pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi yang dialami siswa dari siklus 1 yaitu 75 % dengan kategori cukup, pada siklus II yaitu 85,5 % dengan kategori baik dan siklus III 90 % dengan kategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dapat meningkatkan partisipasi siswa pada materi pembelajaran IPA di kelas VI  SDN 113 / IV Kota Jambi