bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydrofuran Derivatives by Sequential Henry Reaction and Iodocyclization of γ,δ‐Unsaturated Alcohols
Authors: Chen Li‐Yan , Chen Jia‐Rong , Cheng Hong‐Gang , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: June 2014

A sequential one‐pot Cu‐catalyzed asymmetric Henry reaction and iodocyclization is disclosed. The transformation provides efficient access to biologically and synthetically useful 2,2,5‐trisubstituted tetrahydrofuran derivatives. The combination of Cu(OAc)2·H2O with a novel chiral sulfoxide–Schiff base hybrid ligand under mild reaction conditions tolerates a wide range of 4‐substituted γ,δ‐unsaturated aldehydes, and the subsequent iodocyclization furnishes the corresponding products in generally high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The products can be easily converted into amines with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
Looking for performance in personality inventories: The primacy of evaluative information over descriptive traits
Authors: Caruana Sylvain , Lefeuvre Régis , Mollaret Patrick
Published: June 2014

Three experiments were designed to demonstrate that job performance inferences from personality inventories rely more on the agentic or communal value conveyed by the items compared with the Big‐Five traits they are supposed to describe. In the first two experiments, the participants had to predict the job performances of fictitious job applicants based on their responses to a personality inventory. In Experiment 1, the information on personality was held constant, such that the applicants' responses varied solely on their agentic, communal, or purely descriptive orientation. In Experiment 2, the social value of the responses again varied as well as the information about the applicants' personality (agreeable vs. conscientious). The results showed that the agentic profiles were the most predictive of the performance, regardless of the personality factors. In Experiment 3, we reversed the procedure. The participants filled out a personality inventory in the place of a more or less successful employee. The results here showed that the information about the performance had the greatest impact on the agentic items, independent of the personality factors measured. These results confirm the relevance of social judgment models in personality research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
All‐Solid‐State, Washable, Wearable Supercapacitors Fabricated by using a Fibrous Graphite Network and Self‐Adhering Architecture
Authors: Park Soomin , Yoo Young Geun , Nam Inho , Bae Seongjun , Yi Jongheop
Published: June 2014

An all‐solid‐state, completely foldable, washable supercapacitor system fabricated by using a taping method is reported. A constructed graphitic fiber network derived from conventional graphite felt was readily assembled into a full‐cell by utilizing self‐adhering architecture. The as‐prepared system exhibits good mechanical properties under various folding motifs, and the supercapacitor is washable without capacitance fading by virtue of the robust electrical connectivity of the fibrous graphite network and intimate contact between the polymeric gel electrolyte and the electrodes. A simple surface oxidation of the electrode greatly enhances the capacitance of the system (≈313 μF cm−2) by reducing the charge separation distance at the electrolyte/electrode interface. The results suggest that this supercapacitor system is a promising candidate for practically available and wearable energy storage systems with high cost effectiveness and scalability.
Comparing direct and indirect fluidized bed gasification: Effect of redox cycle on olivine activity
Authors: Aranda G. , van der Drift A. , Vreugdenhil B.J. , Visser H.J.M. , Vilela C.F. , van der Meijden C.M.
Published: June 2014

Fluidized bed gasification processes are generally considered a good choice for biomass and waste because of its fuel flexibility. Furthermore, it is a relatively low‐temperature highly efficient process operating at 700–900°C compared with, for example, coal‐based entrained flow processes that mostly operate at 1400–1600°C. Indirect fluidized bed gasification is becoming increasingly popular for some applications due to the possibility of producing a N2‐free gas without the need for an air separation unit, as well as complete conversion of the fuel. ECN has developed MILENA indirect gasification, in which gasification and combustion are physically separated, but both reactors are placed in the same vessel. This article aims to compare the performance of olivine as bed material in direct‐ and indirect (MILENA) gasification. With this purpose, oxidation/reduction cycles have been simulated in a direct gasifier to determine the effect of olivine preoxidation in terms of tar destruction and oxygen transport. Results show that olivine preoxidation mainly enhances the capacity of oxygen transport of the bed material, which adds up to the catalytic effect of iron in olivine towards tar destruction. Oxygen transport capacity of olivine has been quantified as ER = 0.25 at the maximum initial CO2 peak, and it has been estimated that 20–25% wt of iron in olivine is able to transfer oxygen during the first 10 min operation. On the other hand, it has been found that MILENA operating conditions are equivalent to the point of initial maximum peak of CO2 in the devolatilization stage. This means that oxygen transport capacity of olivine is kept at its maximum due to the continuous combustion/gasification cycles, and olivine is kept activated by cyclical migration of iron into the surface and subsequent fast reduction. The effect of oxygen transport on the overall heat balance of the MILENA gasifier is equivalent to oxidation of additional fuel in the combustor. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 711–720, 2014
Explicit determination of the pulse inherent in pulse‐like ground motions
Authors: Mimoglou Petros , Psycharis Ioannis N. , Taflampas Ioannis M.
Published: June 2014

A new method is presented for the determination of the parameters of the pulse contained in pulse‐like records. The Mavroeidis and Papageorgiou (M&P) wavelet is used for the mathematical representation of the pulse, but the proposed methodology could be modified to cover other types of wavelets as well. First, the period of the pulse is determined from the peak of the Sd × Sv product spectrum, a new concept that is introduced herein and is defined as the product of the velocity and the displacement response spectra. The remaining parameters of the M&P wavelet are derived from the targeted response spectrum of the ground motion applying a new relationship that is established between the cumulative absolute displacement (CAD) of a wavelet and its peak spectral amplitude. The method follows a well‐defined procedure that can be easily implemented in a computer code for the automatic determination of the pulse parameters of a given ground motion. As an application, the pulses contained in 91 NGA records that have been classified as pulse‐like by Baker are determined. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p75NTR is highly expressed in vestibular schwannomas and promotes cell survival by activating nuclear transcription factor κB
Authors: Ahmad Iram , Yue Wei Ying , Fernando Augusta , Clark J. Jason , Woodson Erika A. , Hansen Marlan R.
Published: June 2014

Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) arise from Schwann cells (SCs) and result from the loss of function of merlin, the protein product of the NF2 tumor suppressor gene. In contrast to non‐neoplastic SCs, VS cells survive long‐term in the absence of axons. We find that p75NTR is overexpressed in VSs compared with normal nerves, both at the transcript and protein level, similar to the response of non‐neoplastic SCs following axotomy. Despite elevated p75NTR expression, VS cells are resistant to apoptosis due to treatment with proNGF, a high affinity ligand for p75NTR. Furthermore, treatment with proNGF protects VS cells from apoptosis due to c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) inhibition indicating that p75NTR promotes VS cell survival. Treatment of VS cells with proNGF activated NF‐κB while inhibition of JNK with SP600125 or siRNA‐mediated knockdown reduced NF‐κB activity. Significantly, proNGF also activated NF‐κB in cultures treated with JNK inhibitors. Thus, JNK activity appears to be required for basal levels of NF‐κB activity but not for proNGF‐induced NF‐κB activity. To confirm that the increase in NF‐κB activity contributes to the prosurvival effect of proNGF, we infected VS cultures with Ad.IκB.SerS32/36A virus, which inhibits NF‐κB activation. Compared with control virus, Ad.IκB.SerS32/36A significantly increased apoptosis including in VS cells treated with proNGF. Thus, in contrast to non‐neoplastic SCs, p75NTR signaling provides a prosurvival response in VS cells by activating NF‐κB independent of JNK. Such differences may contribute to the ability of VS cells to survive long‐term in the absence of axons. GLIA 2014;62:1699–1712
T-cell immunity and hepatitis C virus reinfection after cure of chronic hepatitis C with an interferon-free antiviral regimen in a chimpanzee
Authors: Callendret Benoit , Eccleston Heather B. , Hall Shelby , Satterfield William , Capone Stefania , Folgori Antonella , Cortese Riccardo , Nicosia Alfredo , Walker Christopher M.
Published: June 2014

Memory CD8+ T cells generated by spontaneous resolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection rapidly control secondary infections and reduce the risk of virus persistence. Here, CD8+ T-cell immunity and response to reinfection were assessed in a chimpanzee cured of an earlier chronic infection with an interferon (IFN)-free antiviral regimen. CD8+ T cells expanded from liver immediately before and 2 years after cure of chronic infection with two direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) targeted epitopes in the E2, nonstructural (NS)5a, and NS5b proteins. A second infection to assess CD8+ T-cell responsiveness resulted in rapid suppression of HCV replication by week 2, but viremia rebounded 3 weeks later and the infection persisted. The E2, NS5a, and NS5b proteins remained dominant CD8+ T-cell targets after reinfection. Resurgent HCV replication was temporally associated with mutational escape of NS5a and NS5b class I epitopes that had also mutated during the first chronic infection. Two epitopes in E2 remained intact throughout both persistent infections. Intrahepatic CD8+ T cells targeting intact and escape-prone epitopes differed in expression of phenotypic markers of functional exhaustion 2 years after successful DAA therapy and in the capacity to expand in liver upon reinfection.

Conclusions

: The intrahepatic HCV-specific CD8+ T-cell repertoire established during chronic infection was narrowly focused, but very stable, after cure with DAA. Existing intrahepatic CD8+ T cells targeting dominant epitopes of the challenge virus failed to prevent persistence. Vaccination after DAA cure may be necessary to broaden T-cell responses and reduce the risk of a second persistent infection. (Hepatology 2014;60:1531–1540)
Exercise as a Means of Reducing Perceptions of Work‐Family Conflict: A Test of the Roles of Self‐Efficacy and Psychological Strain
Authors: Clayton Russell W. , Thomas Christopher H. , Singh Barjinder , Winkel Doan E.
Published: June 2014

Prior research suggests that exercise has positive benefits for individuals and the organizations they work for. Using the literature related to social cognitive theory and exercise, the present study hypothesizes and tests the effects of exercise on two directions of work‐family conflict: work interference with family (WIF) and family interference with work (FIW). Using a sample of 476 working adults, we found that exercise was both positively related to self‐efficacy for managing work‐family conflict and negatively related to reported psychological strain, which in turn were related to reductions in work‐family conflict. Model fit for the data support our contention that exercise indirectly influences work‐family conflict via its direct impact on increased self‐efficacy and reduced psychological strain. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hematologic toxicity assessment in solid tumor patients treated with cetuximab: A pooled analysis of 18 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cui Ran , Chu Li , Liu Zhu‐qing , Xiao Yuan‐yuan , Zhu Xiao‐li , Chen Yi‐jing , Xu Qing
Published: June 2014

The role of cetuximab in treatment‐related hematologic toxicity is not clear. We performed a meta‐analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the overall risk of ≥grade 3 hematologic toxicity events (HTEs) associated with cetuximab. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Knowledge databases as well as abstracts presented at American Society of Clinical Oncology conferences and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies included RCTs in which cetuximab in combination with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy was compared with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy alone. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed‐ or random‐effects models. A total of 11,234 patients with a variety of advanced solid tumors from 18 RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis. Compared with chemotherapy alone, the addition of cetuximab was associated with increased risks of ≥grade 3 leucopenia/neutropenia and anemia events in colorectal cancer, with RRs of 1.16 (95% CI 1.05–1.27, p = 0.002; incidence, 21.0 vs. 18.0%) and 2.67 (95% CI 1.53–4.65, p = 0.01; incidence, 4.0 vs. 2.0%), respectively. Cetuximab was also associated with an increased risk of leucopenia/neutropenia in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (RR: 1.15; 95% CI 1.08–1.22, p < 0.01). Additionally, K‐ras wild type in the case of colorectal cancer patients was more vulnerable to ≥grade 3 leucopenia or neutropenia events in cetuximab group (RR: 1.31; 95% CI 1.11–1.54, p = 0.001). With present evidence, cetuximab in conjunction with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, compared with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy alone, was associated with increased slight risk of ≥grade 3 HTEs, especially in colorectal cancer and NSCLC.
Estimating and Forecasting the Yield Curve Using A Markov Switching Dynamic Nelson and Siegel Model
Authors: Hevia Constantino , Gonzalez‐Rozada Martin , Sola Martin , Spagnolo Fabio
Published: June 2014

We estimate versions of the Nelson–Siegel model of the yield curve of US government bonds using a Markov switching latent variable model that allows for discrete changes in the stochastic process followed by the interest rates. Our modeling approach is motivated by evidence suggesting the existence of breaks in the behavior of the US yield curve that depend, for example, on whether the economy is in a recession or a boom, or on the stance of monetary policy. Our model is parsimonious, relatively easy to estimate and flexible enough to match the changing shapes of the yield curve over time. We also derive the discrete time non‐arbitrage restrictions for the Markov switching model. We compare the forecasting performance of these models with that of the standard dynamic Nelson and Siegel model and an extension that allows the decay rate parameter to be time varying. We show that some parametrizations of our model with regime shifts outperform the single‐regime Nelson and Siegel model and other standard empirical models of the yield curve. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clionasterol Glucoside and Acylated Clionasterol Glucosides from Oplismenus burmannii
Authors: Verma Surjeet , Kumar Shiv , Srivastava Santosh Kumar , Darokar Mahendra P.
Published: June 2014

A new clionasterol glucoside, clionasterol‐[(1'→3α)‐O‐β‐D]‐glucopyranoside (1), a new acylated clionasterol glucoside, clionasterol‐[6'‐O‐acyl‐(1'→3β)‐O‐b‐D]‐glucopyranoside (2) and clionasterol (3) were isolated from the aerial parts of Oplismenus burmannii. The nature and length of fatty acid acyl chains in 2 was identified by alkaline methanolysis of compound 2. The aglycone fraction on GC‐MS analysis showed three peaks in GC at tR 49.86 (82.1%), 51.13 (13.3%) and 56.53 (4.6%) min, which were characterized as arachidic acid methyl ester (a) oleic acid methyl ester (b) and 12‐methyltetradecanoic acid methyl ester (c) respectively. Thus 2 was characterized as a mixture of three new compounds, clionasterol‐[6'‐O‐eicosanoyl‐(1'→3β)‐O‐β‐D]‐glucopyranoside (2a), clionasterol‐[6'‐O‐(8Z)‐octa‐deca‐9‐enoyl‐(1'→3β)‐O‐β‐D]‐glucopyranoside (2b) and clionasterol‐[6'‐O‐(12‐methyltetradecanoyl)‐(1'→3β)‐O‐β‐D]‐glucopyranoside (2c).
Preparation, evaluation, and first clinical use of 177Lu‐labeled hydroxyapatite (HA) particles in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: utility of cold kits for convenient dose formulation at hospital radiopharmacy
Authors: Chakraborty Sudipta , Vimalnath K. V. , Rajeswari A. , Shinto Ajit , Sarma H. D. , Kamaleshwaran K. , Thirumalaisamy P. , Dash Ashutosh
Published: June 2014

While radiation synovectomy (RSV) constitutes a successful paradigm for the treatment of arthritis, a major cornerstone of its success resides in the selection of appropriate radiolabeled agent. Among the radionuclide used for RSV, the scope of using 177Lu [T1/2 = 6.65 d, Eβ(max) = 497 keV, Eγ = 113 KeV (6.4%), 208 KeV (11%)] seemed to be attractive owing to its suitable decay characteristics, easy availability, and cost‐effective production route. The present article describes a formulation of 177Lu‐labeled hydroxyapatite (HA) using ready‐to‐use kits of HA particles of 1–10 µm size range. The developed kits enable convenient one‐step preparation of 177Lu‐HA (400 ± 30 MBq doses) in high radiochemical purity (>99%) and stability at hospital radiopharmacy. The preparation showed promising results in pre‐clinical studies carried out in Wistar rats bearing arthritis in knee joints. In preliminary clinical investigation, significant improvement in the disease conditions was reported in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis of knee joints treated with 333 ± 46 MBq doses of 177Lu‐HA. The studies reveal that while 177Lu labeled HA particles holds considerable promise as a cost‐effective agent for RSV, the adopted strategy of using HA kits could be a potential step toward wider clinical utilization of radiolanthanide‐labeled HA particles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leadership for Undergraduate STEM Reform: Weaving a Communal Web
Authors: Goldey Ellen S.
Published: June 2014

Successful reform of undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education requires good leaders; therefore, leadership development will be key if the national calls for reform (e.g., Vision and Change) are to be answered. The Partnership for Life Sciences Education (PULSE) is focused on whole‐department reform, which will require recruiting and supporting grassroots reformers who lead their colleagues through the change process. Department leaders will require (a) support networks that extend within and beyond each institution, (b) development of leadership skills and competencies, and (c) a mutually agreed‐upon strategic plan that inspires all to action. The STEM Department Evaluation Rubric is presented here as a tool to help establish that shared vision. Successful leaders will also need resilience, good humor and moral imagination, because the challenges are many but the rewards are substantial and sit at the core of the mission of our institutions.
Theoretical Study of the Rate Coefficients for CH3NHNH2 + NO2 and Related Reactions
Authors: KANNO NOZOMU , TERASHIMA HIROSHI , DAIMON YU , YOSHIKAWA NORIHIKO , KOSHI MITSUO
Published: June 2014

The kinetics and mechanisms of H atom abstraction reactions from CH3NHNH2 by NO2 (R1) and related reactions have been investigated theoretically by using ωB97X‐D and CCSD(T)‐F12 quantum chemical calculations and the steady‐state unimolecular master equation analysis based on Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory. For reaction (R1), both dissociation and isomerization steps between intermediate complexes were found to be important for the distribution of the dissociated bimolecular products. The dominant products of (R1) were found to be cis‐CH3NHNH and HONO at lower temperature. The branching ratios for CH3NNH2 formation paths increased with increasing temperature. On the same reaction potential energy surface, six reactions including isomerization reactions between CH3NNH2 and cis‐/trans‐CH3NHNH catalyzed by HONO were suggested to compete with the reverse reaction of (R1). The temperature‐ and pressure‐dependent rate expressions are proposed for kinetic modeling.
Is level V neck dissection necessary in primary parotid cancer?
Authors: Lim Chwee M. , Gilbert Mark , Johnson Jonas T. , Kim Seungwon
Published: June 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

This study aims to evaluate the pattern of nodal metastasis to level V in parotid cancer and to examine the clinical value of level V neck dissection (LVND).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of 86 patients (47 N0 nodal metastasis [N0] neck and 39 positive nodal metastasis [N+] neck) who received parotidectomy and neck dissection was performed. The prevalence of pathological nodal metastasis in level V neck was evaluated and correlated with locoregional recurrence.

Results

LVND was performed in 10.6% and 28.2% of patients with clinical NO (cN0) and cN+ neck disease, respectively. The prevalence of pathological positive nodal metastasis was 0% (cN0) and 81.8% (cN+). In patients with cN0 neck, the rate of recurrence in level V was 6%.

Conclusion

In our patient cohort with predominantly high‐grade parotid cancer, LVND was necessary in patients with cN+ neck because there was a high likelihood for pathologically positive nodal metastasis. In patients with cN0 neck, the rate of recurrence in level V was low enough not to warrant a routine inclusion of LVND.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 125:118–121, 2015
Perspectives of Aerosol‐Photopolymerization: Nanostructured Polymeric Particles
Authors: Akgün Ertan , Hubbuch Jürgen , Wörner Michael
Published: June 2014

Nanostructured non‐spherical (named nanocaps) and spherical porous particles (named mosaic nanoparticles) are generated by aerosol‐photopolymerization. Nanocaps exhibit well‐defined shapes independent of their diameter and are formed by employing a softening agent and a volatile non‐solvent in the formulation, combining non‐solvent evaporation and retarded gelation. Mosaic nanoparticles are produced by the addition of a non‐volatile non‐solvent into the monomer formulation, provoking phase separation. Both particle structures are generated in situ in the presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Similarly, they are loaded with caffeine for release experiments and feature potential for applications in emerging technologies such as optics, functionalized coatings and nanomedicine.
Stroboscopic averaging of highly oscillatory nonlinear wave equations
Authors: Leboucher G.
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we are concerned with stroboscopic averaging for highly oscillatory evolution equations posed in a Banach space. Using Taylor expansion, we construct a non‐oscillatory high‐order system whose solution remains exponentially close to the exact one over a long time. We then apply this result to the nonlinear wave equation in one dimension. We present the stroboscopic averaging method, which is a numerical method introduced by Chartier, Murua and Sanz‐Serna, and apply it to our problem. Finally, we conclude by presenting the qualitative and quantitative efficiency of this numerical method for some nonlinear wave problem. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physiotherapists' Understanding of Red Flags for Back Pain
Authors: Ferguson Fraser C. , Morison Susan , Ryan Cormac G.
Published: June 2014

Introduction

The expanding role of physiotherapists, with increasing use of services such as self‐referral, means that demonstrating an ability to understanding and ask red‐flag questions appropriately has never been more important. The present study investigated how physiotherapists define common red flags, how they ask red‐flag questions, which red flags they routinely record and the importance that therapists attribute to individual red‐flags.

Methods

In this qualitative study, an online questionnaire survey was circulated to physiotherapists using various UK special interests networks. A total of 98 physiotherapists participated in the study, the majority of whom worked exclusively in the National Health Service.

Results

In general, clinicians defined red flags for back pain in line with guidelines but there was little consensus on how therapists asked patients about red flags. Questioning often included undefined terminology and therapists not asking some red‐flag questions. Additionally, the more recently recognized flags (vague, non‐specific lower‐leg symptoms; band‐like trunk pain; decreased mobility) had less importance attached to them and were recorded less frequently.

Conclusions

If only certain red flags are being assessed, this may put patients at risk of having serious spinal pathologies going undetected. Thus, strategies encouraging therapists to ask all red‐flag questions may be needed. The importance of the more recently recognized red flags may need to be emphasized to clinicians. Finally, the inconsistent way in which the red‐flag questions were asked highlights a potential practical barrier to translating red‐flag knowledge into clinical practice. There is a need to build on this work, using in‐depth qualitative interviews, to gain a deeper understanding of how therapists understand and apply the red flags commonly used in back pain assessment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracellular Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphorylated proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 strain
Authors: Ouidir Tassadit , Jarnier Frédérique , Cosette Pascal , Jouenne Thierry , Hardouin Julie
Published: June 2014

Protein phosphorylation on serine, threonine, and tyrosine is known to be involved in a wide variety of cellular processes, signal transduction, and bacterial virulence. We characterized, for the first time, the extracellular phosphoproteins of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 strain. We identified 28 phosphoproteins (59 phosphosites) including enzymes, with various phosphorylation sites, known as potent secreted virulence factors in P. aeruginosa. The high phosphorylation level of these virulence factors might reflect a relationship between Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphorylation and virulence.
Comb: a resilient and efficient two‐hop lookup service for distributed communication system
Authors: Shuang Kai , Zhang Peng , Su Sen
Published: June 2014

Communication systems utilize the distributed hash table (DHT) approach to build the network infrastructure for advantages of even distribution of workload, high scalability, and cost‐effectiveness. Although DHT is undoubtedly applicative in such architectures, some practical distinctions still should be considered to meet the performance requirements of communication infrastructures. This paper focuses on two features of the distributed communication system, the real‐time response and dynamic network maintenance, and proposes the Comb, which is a hierarchical DHT lookup service. Comb's overlay is organized as a two‐layered architecture, workload is distributed evenly among nodes, and most queries can be routed in no more than two hops. Comb is capable to scale to large systems and resilient to fluctuate, it provides a self‐managing and self‐healing mechanism for supporting system recovery from inconsistence. Comb performs effectively with low bandwidth consumption and satisfactory fault tolerance even in a continuously changing environment. Both theoretical analyses and experimental results demonstrate that the two‐layered architecture of Comb is resilient and efficient. Comb improves the performances on routing delay and lookup failure rates with high scalability and availability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Level‐adjusted funnel plots based on predicted marginal expectations: an application to prophylactic antibiotics in gallstone surgery
Authors: Lindhagen Lars , Darkahi Bahman , Sandblom Gabriel , Berglund Lars
Published: June 2014

Funnel plots are widely used to visualize grouped data, for example, in institutional comparison. This paper extends the concept to a multi‐level setting, displaying one level at a time, adjusted for the other levels, as well as for covariates at all levels. These level‐adjusted funnel plots are based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo fit of a random effects model, translating the estimated model parameters to predicted marginal expectations. Working within the estimation framework, we accommodate outlying institutions using heavy‐tailed random effects distributions. We also develop computer‐efficient methods to compute predicted probabilities in the case of dichotomous outcome data and various random effect distributions. We apply the method to a data set on prophylactic antibiotics in gallstone surgery. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perfectionism Affects Blood Pressure in Response to Repeated Exposure to Stress
Authors: Albert Phebe , Rice Kenneth G. , Caffee Lauren
Published: June 2014

This pilot study examined the effects of perfectionism on blood pressure (BP) in response to repeated exposure to mental arithmetic stressors. College students (N = 30) in a laboratory setting were administered a series of challenging mathematical tasks. BP was measured at baseline and after each task. Multilevel modelling analyses revealed that BP tended to decline over the course of the mathematical tasks. However, higher levels of performance standards predicted relatively stable levels of systolic BP, whereas moderate and lower levels of standards predicted declines in systolic BP. Higher levels of self‐critical perfectionism predicted generally sustained levels of diastolic BP, with moderate and low self‐criticism predicting declines in diastolic BP during the repeated stressors. These preliminary results suggest that students with higher levels of perfectionism may be at risk for physiological problems associated with stress reactivity, perhaps especially so in situations in which they experience persistent stress. Although results were qualified by a relatively small sample size, effects were statistically significant and supported the importance of examining the short‐term and long‐term implications of the effects of perfectionism on cardiovascular function and the different implications of elevations in systolic and diastolic BP. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Change of M23C6 Particles Size and Spacing by Tempering a High‐Chromium Creep Resistant Steel at 800–550 °C
Authors: Vodopivec Franc , Kafexhiu Fevzi , Žužek Borut
Published: June 2014

The change of the number of M23C6 particles intercepting mobile dislocations by creep of high‐chromium creep resistant steel is deduced. With tempering at 800 °C, the number of intercept particles decreases slower than the total number of particles. The dissolution velocity of particles is greater by smaller particles. By tempering at 550 °C and higher, the dissolution of small particles increases the intercept particles spacing and the creep rate for about 1 order of magnitude stronger than the increase of average particles size.
Using a Generative Vocabulary Matrix in the Learning Workshop
Authors: Larson Sue C.
Published: June 2014

As teachers organize classroom schedules to meet curricular demands and time constraints, they strive to seek ways to motivate and sustain student engagement in quality vocabulary instruction, enjoyable learning experiences, and interesting informational books. This article addresses these concerns and describes a vocabulary acquisition strategy called the Generative Vocabulary Matrix (GVM). The GVM is an interactive concept organizer that scaffolds student engagement in meaning‐making discourse to develop background knowledge. Teacher teams applied research on motivation and literacy to design a disciplinary science unit using a GVM as a tool for supporting conceptual understanding within a Learning Workshop context. Because learning activities resembled the language and practices that experts actually use in their field, including drawing from a richly structured schema, the GVM supports a disciplinary literacy approach for young learners.
Laparoscopic Spleen‐Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy: Comparative Study of Spleen Preservation with Splenic Vessel Resection and Splenic Vessel Preservation
Authors: Zhou Zun Qiang , Kim Song Cheol , Song Ki Byung , Park Kwang‐Min , Lee Jae Hoon , Lee Young‐Joo
Published: June 2014

Background

Spleen‐preserving laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (SPLDP) can be performed with splenic vessel resection (SVR) or splenic vessel preservation (SVP). The purpose of this comparative study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent SPLDP with SVR or SVP at a single institution.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records of 246 patients who underwent SPLDP at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, for benign or low‐grade malignant tumors found in the body or tail of the pancreas between November 2005 and November 2011.

Results

In total, 206 patients (83.7 %) were managed by SVP. SVR was performed in the remaining 40 (16.3 %) cases. There were no significant differences between the SVP and SVR groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss (378 ± 240 vs. 328 ± 204 ml, respectively; P = 0.240) and operating time (193.4 ± 59.1 vs. 204.4 ± 51.8 min, respectively; P = 0.492). Sixty‐seven (32.5 %) and 10 patients (25 %) had complications in the SVP and SVR groups, respectively (P = 0.347). At 3 days after surgery, the rates of splenic infarction were 16.0 % (33/206) in the SVP group and 52.5 % (21/40) in the SVR group, but all recovered within 12 months on postoperative computed tomography. The time of recovery from splenic infarction was 3.6 ± 3.1 and 4.7 ± 3.7 months in the SVP and SVR groups, respectively. At 6 months, the rates of gastric varices were 1.9 % in the SVP group and 35 % in the SVR group (P < 0.001) with no progression at 12 months. No gastrointestinal bleeding occurred at a median follow‐up of 34 months (range = 12–84).

Conclusions

SPLDP with SVR can be used for patients with large and benign or low‐grade malignant tumors that distort and compress vessel course, as the higher rate of early splenic ischemia and perigastric varices is acceptable.
Customer Response to Web Site Atmospherics: Task-relevant Cues, Situational Involvement and PAD
Authors: Hsieh Jung-Kuei , Hsieh Yi-Ching , Chiu Hung-Chang , Yang Ya-Ru
Published: June 2014

Using the pleasure, arousal, and dominance (PAD) model, this study seeks to extend existing knowledge about consumers’ activities in online retail environments by focusing on the largely ignored role of perceived dominance. In online environments, perceived dominance might influence purchasing intentions both directly and indirectly through pleasure. Furthermore, consumers’ perceptions of Web site atmospherics (informativeness, navigational cues, perceived organization, and entertainment) likely affect two dimensions of emotion (perceived dominance and arousal). This study also investigates the moderating effects of situational involvement on the relationships among the PAD dimensions for online consumers. The results affirm that perceived dominance has direct effects on purchasing intentions, as well as indirect impacts through pleasure. The impact of perceived dominance on pleasure also is moderated by situational involvement. Whereas high task-relevant cues exert significant effects on perceived dominance, low task-relevant cues influence arousal. Therefore, this research shows that perceived dominance relates to online customers’ purchasing intentions, which represents an extension of existing knowledge about the PAD model applied online; it also provides notable managerial implications for e-marketers.
Is preimplantation genetic diagnosis the ideal embryo selection method in aneuploidy screening?
Authors: Sahin Levent , Bozkurt Murat , Sahin Hilal , Gürel Aykut , Yumru Ayse Ender
Published: June 2014

To select cytogenetically normal embryos, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) aneuploidy screening (AS) is used in numerous centers around the world. Chromosomal abnormalities lead to developmental problems, implantation failure, and early abortion of embryos. The usefulness of PGD in identifying single‐gene diseases, human leukocyte antigen typing, X‐linked diseases, and specific genetic diseases is well‐known. In this review, preimplantation embryo genetics, PGD research studies, and the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology PGD Consortium studies and reports are examined. In addition, criteria for embryo selection, technical aspects of PGD‐AS, and potential noninvasive embryo selection methods are described. Indications for PGD and possible causes of discordant PGD results between the centers are discussed. The limitations of fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the advantages of the array comparative genomic hybridization are included in this review. Although PGD‐AS for patients of advanced maternal age has been shown to improve in vitro fertilization outcomes in some studies, to our knowledge, there is not sufficient evidence to use advanced maternal age as the sole indication for PGD‐AS. PGD‐AS might be harmful and may not increase the success rates of in vitro fertilization. At the same time PGD, is not recommended for recurrent implantation failure and unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss.
Integrative genomic and transcriptomic characterization of papillary carcinomas of the breast
Authors: Piscuoglio Salvatore , Ng Charlotte K.Y. , Martelotto Luciano G. , Eberle Carey A. , Cowell Catherine F. , Natrajan Rachael , Bidard François-Clement , De Mattos-Arruda Leticia , Wilkerson Paul M. , Mariani Odette , Vincent-Salomon Anne , Weigelt Britta , Reis-Filho Jorge S.
Published: June 2014

Papillary carcinoma (PC) is a rare type of breast cancer, which comprises three histologic subtypes: encapsulated PC (EPC), solid PC (SPC) and invasive PC (IPC). Microarray‐based gene expression and Affymetrix SNP 6.0 gene copy number profiling, and RNA‐sequencing revealed that PCs are luminal breast cancers that display transcriptomic profiles distinct from those of grade‐ and estrogen receptor (ER)‐matched invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (IDC‐NSTs), and that the papillary histologic pattern is unlikely to be underpinned by a highly recurrent expressed fusion gene or a highly recurrent expressed mutation. Despite displaying similar patterns of gene copy number alterations, significant differences in the transcriptomic profiles of EPCs, SPCs and IPCs were found, and may account for their different histologic features.
NONSTANDARD MODELS IN RECURSION THEORY AND REVERSE MATHEMATICS
Authors: CHONG C. T. , LI WEI , YANG YUE
Published: June 2014

We give a survey of the study of nonstandard models in recursion theory and reverse mathematics. We discuss the key notions and techniques in effective computability in nonstandard models, and their applications to problems concerning combinatorial principles in subsystems of second order arithmetic. Particular attention is given to principles related to Ramsey’s Theorem for Pairs.
APPROXIMATING BEPPO LEVI’S PRINCIPIO DI APPROSSIMAZIONE
Authors: BRUNI RICCARDO , SCHUSTER PETER
Published: June 2014

We try to recast in modern terms a choice principle conceived by Beppo Levi, who called it the Approximation Principle (AP). Up to now, there was almost no discussion about Levi’s contribution, due to the quite obscure formulation of AP the author has chosen. After briefly reviewing the historical and philosophical surroundings of Levi’s proposal, we undertake our own attempt at interpreting AP. The idea underlying the principle, as well as the supposed faithfulness of our version to Levi’s original intention, are then discussed. Finally, an application of AP to a property of metric spaces is presented, with the aim of showing how AP may work in contexts where other forms of choice are commonly at use.
Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Testing of the Environmental Distress Scale With Indonesian Survivors of a Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Warsini Sri , Buettner Petra , Mills Jane , West Caryn , Usher Kim
Published: June 2014

Objective

The Mt Merapi volcanic eruption in October 2010 claimed more than 386 lives, injured thousands of survivors, and devastated the surrounding environment. No instrument was available in Indonesia to assess the psychosocial impact on survivors of environmental degradation caused by such natural disasters. We developed, translated, and tested an Indonesian version of the Environmental Distress Scale (EDS) for use as a tool to reliably measure environmental distress related to environmental damage in Indonesia.

Method

The EDS, a prospective translation and psychometric study, was modified for use in a volcano disaster setting in Indonesia; translated into Indonesian; and pilot tested to determine meaning and cultural appropriateness. A test-retest study with 80 survivors of the 2010 Mt Merapi volcanic eruption measured the reliability of the tool.

Results

The Indonesian version of the EDS (I-EDS) captured the content of the original EDS with appropriate adaptations for cultural differences of Indonesian natural disaster survivors.

Conclusions

The I-EDS can be considered a reliable tool for assessing the psychosocial impact of environmental degradation from natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, which might be useful for Indonesian researchers. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1–10)
Beneficial effects of soluble dietary Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) in the prevention of the onset of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fructose diet-fed rats
Authors: Chang Wan-Ching , Jia Huijuan , Aw Wanping , Saito Kenji , Hasegawa Sumio , Kato Hisanori
Published: June 2014

Jerusalem artichoke (JA) has the potential to attenuate lipid disturbances and insulin resistance (IR), but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the present study, we elucidated the physiological responses and mechanisms of JA intervention with a comprehensive transcriptome analysis. Wistar rats were fed a control diet, a 60 % fructose-enriched diet (FRU), or a FRU with 10 % JA (n6–7) for 4 weeks. An oral glucose tolerance test was carried out on day 21. Liver samples were collected for biochemical and global gene expression analyses (GeneChip®Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array, Affymetrix). Fructose feeding resulted in IR and hepatic TAG accumulation; dietary JA supplementation significantly improved these changes. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that the expression of malic enzyme 1 (Me1), associated with fatty acid synthesis; decorin (Dcn), related to fibrosis; and cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2 (Cyp1a2) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), associated with inflammation, was differentially altered by the FRU, whereas dietary JA supplementation significantly improved the expression of these genes. We established for the first time the molecular mechanisms driving the beneficial effects of JA in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We propose that 10 % JA supplementation may be beneficial for the prevention of the onset of these diseases.
The size selectivity of whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) caught by gillnet in the eastern Black Sea of Turkey
Authors: Kalaycı Ferhat , Yeşılçıçek Tuncay
Published: June 2014

The size selectivity of traditional gillnets for whiting, (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) was investigated in the eastern Black Sea between June 2010 and June 2011. Experimental fishing operations were carried out by using gillnets of 16, 17, 18, 20 and 22 mm mesh size. A total of 2038 specimens belonging to 16 different fish species were caught during the experiment. The Share Each Length's Catch Total method was used to fit gillnet selectivity curves. Gillnet selectivity was best described by a bi-modal selectivity curve. The modal catch sizes were estimated as 14.81, 15.74, 16.66, 18.51 and 20.37 cm for 16, 17, 18, 20 and 22 mm mesh sizes, respectively. Modal lengths and spread values increased with increasing mesh size. The majority of fish (71.8%) caught by 16 mm mesh size were less than the length at first sexual maturity.
The morphological diversity of Osedax worm borings (Annelida: Siboglinidae)
Authors: Higgs Nicholas D. , Glover Adrian G. , Dahlgren Thomas G. , Smith Craig R. , Fujiwara Yoshihiro , Pradillon Florence , Johnson Shannon B. , Vrijenhoek Robert C. , Little Crispin T.S.
Published: June 2014

Marine worms in the genus Osedax, have specialized ‘root’ tissues used to bore into the bones of decomposing vertebrate skeletons and obtain nutrition. We investigated the borings of nine Osedax species, using micro computed tomography to quantitatively describe the morphology of the borings and provide three-dimensional reconstructions of the space occupied by Osedax root tissues inside the bone. Each Osedax species displayed a consistent boring morphology in any given bone, but these differed between bones. In bones where multiple species coexisted there was limited evidence for spatial niche partitioning by Osedax root tissues inside the bones investigated here. The new morphological data may be applied to Osedax traces in fossil bones, showing that borings can be used to indicate minimum species richness in these bones.
Future challenges in cephalopod research
Authors: Xavier José C. , Allcock A. Louise , Cherel Yves , Lipinski Marek R. , Pierce Graham J. , Rodhouse Paul G.K. , Rosa Rui , Shea Elizabeth K. , Strugnell Jan M. , Vidal Erica A.G. , Villanueva Roger , Ziegler Alexander
Published: June 2014

Cephalopods (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) play an important role as keystone invertebrates in various marine ecosystems, as well as being a valuable fisheries resource. At the World Malacological Congress, held 21–28 July 2013 in Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal, a number of cephalopod experts convened to honour the contribution of the late Malcolm R. Clarke, FRS (1930–2013) to cephalopod research. Endorsed by the Cephalopod International Advisory Council (CIAC), the meeting discussed some of the major challenges that cephalopod research will face in the future. These challenges were identified as follows: (1) to find new ways to ascertain the trophic role and food web links of cephalopods using hard tissues, stable isotopes and novel concepts in theoretical ecology; (2) to explore new approaches to the study of cephalopod morphology; (3) to further develop cephalopod aquaculture research; (4) to find new ways to ascertain cephalopod adaptation and response to environmental change; (5) to strengthen cephalopod genetics research; and (6) to develop new approaches for cephalopod fisheries and conservation. The present paper presents brief reviews on these topics, followed by a discussion of the general challenges that cephalopod research is bound to face in the near future. By contributing to initiatives both within CIAC and independent of CIAC, the principle aim of the paper is to stimulate future cephalopod research.
Fundamental conditions of human existence as the ground of life's meaning: reply to Landau
Authors: METZ THADDEUS
Published: June 2014

Taking the good (generosity), the true (enquiry), and the beautiful (creativity) as exemplars of what can make a life noticeably meaningful, elsewhere I have advanced a principle that entails and plausibly explains all three. Specifically, I have proffered the view that great meaning in life, at least in so far as it comes from this triad, is a matter of positively orienting one's rational nature towards fundamental conditions of human existence, conditions of human life responsible for much else about it. Iddo Landau has raised important objections to this principle, arguing in particular that contouring one's rationality towards fundamentality is neither necessary nor sufficient for great meaning in life. In this article, I reply to Landau's objections to the fundamentality account of what makes life very meaningful. I thereby aim to enrich reflection about what it is about the lives of Nelson Mandela, Mother Teresa, Albert Einstein, and Pablo Picasso that made them so significant as well as to indicate how fundamentality implicitly plays a key role in theistic conceptions of meaning in life.