bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wheat Flour Substitution with Retrograded Banana Flour to Produce Cookies Possessing Good Physical Characteristics and Low Glycemic Index
Authors: Cahyana Yana , Restiani Resti
Published: March 2018

Diabetes Mellitus is one of degenerative diseases (DM) affecting many people around the world. It is thus important to prevent DM by choosing the right food with low in glycemic index (GI). Modified banana flour-based low GI cookies could be the solution in which the modification may be carried out by retrograding the flour. The purpose of this study was to determine the right proportion between retrogradated banana flour and wheat flour to produce cookies with low glycemic index and good characteristics. The method was randomized block design with six treatments and three time replications. The treatments were ratio (in percentage) of modified (retrogradated) banana flour with wheat flour 0:100, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, and 90:10. The result showed that cookies made of 90 % retrogradated banana flour and 10 % wheat flour was the best treatment with GI value of 57,20. Physical analysis comprised of hardness and lightness (L*) were around 1593.44 gF and 57,22, respectively. Keyword: wheat flour, glycemic index, cookies, retrogradated banana flour
Antibacterial Activity of Nutmeg Oil
Authors: Nurjanah Sarifah , Putri Indira Lanti , Sugiarti Dwi Pretti
Published: March 2018

Indonesia is one of the largest producer of nutmeg oil  (Myristica fragrans). This essential oil has a lot of usefulness for food and pharmaceutical industries, however antibacterial activity of Indonesian nutmeg oil  has not been investigated yet.  Antibacterial activity   Myristica fragrans oil from two areas respectively (Sulawesi and Central Java) were investigated.  The essential oils was extracted using water and steam distiller and then its antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (gram-positive bacteria : Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, and gram-negative bacteria :  Shigella Dysenteriae, Salmonella Typhi) was examined.  Resistance pattern was studied by in vitro disc diffusion method   using essential oil concentration   20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%.   The result showed that the two essential oils inhibited all bacteria. The highest inhibition zone on Central Java nutmeg oil was on 60% concentration of the oil (12.96 16.79, 13.46 and 16.50 mm for S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. dysenteriae, S. typhi respectively), while on Sulawesi nutmeg oil was on 100% concentration (18.84, 16.54, 17.84 and 12.54 mm for S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. dysenteriae, S. typhi respectively). Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Nutmeg oil; Central Java; Sulawesi
SIDeKa: The Role of Information Technology for Knowledge Creation
Authors: Kusdarjito Cungki
Published: March 2018

The advancement of big data analytics is paving the way for knowledge creation based on very huge and unstructured data. Currently, information is scattered and growth tremendously, containing many information but difficult to be interpreted. Consequently, traditional approaches are no longer suitable for unstructured data but very rich in information. This situation is different from the role of previous information technology in which information is based on structured data, stored in the local storage, and in more advanced form, information can be retrieved through internet. Meanwhile, in Indonesia data are collected by many institutions with different measurement standard. The nature of the data collection is top-down, carried out by survey which is expensive yet unreliable and stored exclusively by respective institution. SIDeKa (Sistem Informasi Desa dan Kawasan/Village and Regional Information System), which are connected nationally, is proposed as a system of data collection in the village level and prepared by local people. Using SIDeKa, data reliability and readiness can be improved at the local level. The goals of the SIDeKa is not only local people have information in their hand such as poverty level, production, commodity price, the area of cultivated land, and the outbreak of diseases in their village, but also they have information from the neighboring villages or event at the national level. For government, data reliability will improve the policy effectiveness. This paper discusses the implementation and role of SIDeKa for knowledge creation in the village level, especially for the agricultural activities which has been initiated in 2015.Keywords: big data analytics; SIDeKa;  unstructured data.
Effect of Mulch on the Growth and Yield of Polianthes tuberosa
Authors: Sihombing Donald , Handayati Wahyu
Published: March 2018

Tuberose is one of the most important ornamental plants in Indonesia which the demand continuously increases. However, tuberose is commonly cultivated in drained rice fields and this resulted in various problem such us weed and insect infestation especially mealybug in dry season. In this regard a study was conducted in Malang Regency at Karangploso Experimental Station of East Java Assessment Institute for Agriculture Technology from March 2012 to April 2013. The study employed an experimental method using a randomized block design. Two varieties of tuberoses, i.e., Dian Arum (double flowering) and Roro Anteng (semi-double flowering) were planted on a prepared soil bed. Both tuberose varieties were treated by a silvery plastic mulch cover on one bed and none on the other. Results showed significant differences between the mulch and without mulch treatments in terms of plant growth and flower production.  Flower production obtained from mulch treatment was 3.8 stalks/clump or 34.22 stalks/m2, whereas that without mulch was 2.47 stalks/clump or 27.44 stalks/m2. Meanwhile the damage intensity caused by mealybug infestation on the mulch treatment was 15.21%, while that without mulch  was 22.17%.  In fact, the use of mulch could reduce the weeding cost up to 66.67 % and the total production cost up to 20.86%. The result obtained from R/C ratio analysis with mulch treatment was 2.59 whereas that without mulch was 1.71.Keywords: Polianthes tuberosa ; mulch;  weed,  pest; yield; R/C ratio
Polianthes tuberose Breeding in Indonesia
Authors: Sihombing Donald
Published: March 2018

Tuberose (Polianthus tuberosa) is an important ornamental plant in Indonesia that has been cultivated by farmers for a long time mainly in Java and North Sumatra provinces. However, the availability of new superior varieties is only a few so that the consumers only have a limited choice. Until now, there are three types of tuberose in Indonesia, which is distinguished by the type of flower namely single, semi-double and double flower. Some breeding efforts to obtain new varieties have been done through crossbreeding, mutation induction and selection to local cultivars. But the success on the crossbreeding of tuberose was only about 0.05%, as it can only be done in the direction of the single flower with double flowers. Because in the double flowers pistils are not found, the variability is very low. Nevertheless from these crossbreeding obtained 29 genotypes that showed differences in several characters, especially in the arrangements of flowers; and flower stalks straightness and rigidness. The other study indicates that each genotype has a different resistance levels against leaf spot disease (Xanthomonas sP.). Meanwhile, breeding of tuberose through mutation induction technique has not been widely studied. Application of gamma ray irradiation on tubers caused morphological damaged on Polyanthes, reduced bulb growth less than 30% and reduced the plant height more 400% than no treated plants (control). Polyploidy induced mutations by using colchicine led to changes in the length and diameter of the flowers and harvesting time. Until now, there is no result of the crossbreeding and mutation techniques that released as a new variety. Despite this, based on the positive selection breeding on local cultivars, there have been two superior genotypes released as new varieties namely Dian Arum (double flower type; origin of Cianjur, West Java) and Roro (semi double flower type; origin of Pasuruan, East Java).  Keywords: Polianthes tuberosa ; breeding; local cultivars, new varieties,Dian Arum, Roro Anteng
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated Transformation of Embryogenic Callus and Somatic Embryos of the Banana cv “Ambon Lumut” (Musa acuminata)
Authors: Kusumastuti Tifa R. , Esyantia Rizkita R. , Dwivany Fenny M.
Published: March 2018

Banana is one of the major fruit crops, though its conventional breeding has limitations, such as sterility and high polyploidy  levels.  Biotechnological  approach  using genetic  transformation  crop for improvement  offers  an alternative  solution.  In  this  study  a  protocol  was developed  for  establishing genetic  transformation  from embryogenic callus and somatic embryos of the banana cv Ambon Lumut . Embryogenic callus was obtained in ID4 medium (MS-based medium) supplemented with 1 mg L-1 IAA, 4 mg L-1 2,4D, and 0.03 g L-1 active charcoal. Embryogenic callus was transferred into liquid mediu m to establish somatic embryos. Embryogenic callus and somatic embryos were used for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. A. tumefaciens strain A GL1, containing pART-TEST7 p lasmid with gfp gene as a reporter and CaM V35S as a promoter, was used for transformations. The embryogenic callus and somatic embryos were transformed using heat-shock method followed by centrifugation  (2000 rpm) and co-cult ivation in liquid medium containing acetosyringone (100 M) for 3 days. Results of the GFP analysis showed transient expression from gfp gene reporter in transformed embryogenic callus and somatic embryos. Transformation efficiency in somatic embryos (85,9%) was higher than  that in embryogenic callus (32.09%). PCR analysis using CaMV primer showed bands that compatible with CaMV35S promoter at 507 bp. This is a report showing establisment of embryogenic callus and somatic embryo culture transformation by using A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol of the local banana cv Ambon Lumut. This study proved  the huge potential for genetic transformation of banana cv Ambon Lumut for crop improvement, such as pest or disease  resistance and abiotic factor stress tolerance. Keywords: banana; embryogenic callus; somatic embryos.
Performance of New Rice Variety (Inpari 24) at Subak Amerta Nadi Kerta Village Payangan Sub-district of Gianyar Bali
Authors: Kariada I Ketut , Aribawa I. B.
Published: March 2018

Model development of rice farming in the production centre area at Payangan Sub-district of Gianyar is designed to introduce a model called rice field laboratory. The principle of the model used is "build, operate and transfer (BOT), refering to a the disseminated model of innovation which is a  large scale pilot model at the grass root level. The study introduced new varieties “Inpari”24 as an attempt to replace the old varieties that has lower productivity. Cultivation technology by implementing  Legowo System 2: 1. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of new variety Inpari 24 in the cropping system in Subak Amerta Nadi, Kerta Village, Sub-district of Payangan Gianyar in the growing season 2014. This study used a randomized block design with two treatments of different cropping systems, namely: Legowo 2: 1 (40 x 20 x 10 cm) and tiles (20 x 20 cm), repeated 10 times. Variables observed in this study were: plant height, number of tillers, panicle length, number of grains per panicle and empty grains and yield per hectare. Data were analysed through analysis of variance, then followed by LSD test at 5% level. It was concluded that: (a) cropping systems significantly affected all variables of rice production, (b) the highest productivity was Legowo System which was 7.50 tons / ha, increased by 26.68% compared to tiles cropping system (the method used by farmers).Keywords: Inpari 24; planting system; rice
Grafting of Tomato with Eggplant Rootstock at Penyabangan Village Payangan Subdistrict of Gianyar Bali
Authors: Kariada I. Ketut , Aribawa I. B.
Published: March 2018

Grafting on tomatoes is performed to obtain tomato plants that are resistant to bacterial wilt, waterlogging resistant, resistant to fusarium wilt and nematodes. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum causes the tomatoes grown in the rainy season to wilt and die. These bacteria live in the soil and invade plants through roots. To overcome this disease, grafting was carried out by using resistant eggplant as rootstock. This method is expected to reduce the attack of bacterial wilt diseases on tomato plants. The study was conducted in the village of Penyabangan Payangan Gianyar in FY 2014. This area was located at the plateau of AEZ wet climate. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD) with two treatments and 10 replications. Materials used were tomato plants that have been joined with eggplant rootstock (grafted) and tomato plants without root stock (non-grafted) for comparison. The varieties used were varieties F1 Marta. In field applications, the scion was prevented from touching the ground while the rootstock was fully embedded into the ground. Based on the plant height, there was a  slower growth of the grafted tomato plants compared with that of non-grafted one in the early stages of growth but became normal in generative phase. It was also found that the yield of the grafted tomato was lower (2.54 kg. tree-1) than that of the non-grafted  one (3.19 kg.tree-1). Keywords: grafting; tomatoes; eggplant; stem rot;  bacterial wilt (alphabetic in order).
Monitoring of Artificial Nests in Horticultural Ecosystems-Observation of Woodpeckers Ethology
Authors: C.A. Mihai , F. Stănică , M.R. Ionescu
Published: March 2018

In order to increase the integrated protection of horticultural ecosystems by using the biological fight, the installation on artificial nests, is an important measure to help the insectivore birds. In a research program, a number of 166 artificial nets for Passeriformes birds were installed in different ecosystems as parks, botanical gardens and orchards in the South-Eastern part of Romania. During the nests monitoring period an interesting, but in the same time warring phenomenon, was noticed: a certain number of artificial nets were prayed by woodpeckers, especially by Dendrocopos major (Great Spotted Woodpecker). In Romania, all the ten European woodpecker species are nesting, nine being sedentary and one (Jynx torquilla) migratory, leaving the country in autumn. Woodpeckers in general, are very useful in woody plant biological protection, having a predominant insectivore nutrition and being the only one to keep under control the insects that are leaving on, inside and under the trees bark. The paper presents some data regarding the woodpeckers ethology in the studied ecosystems. More research are needed to understand the woodpeckers behaviour and to find protection methods of useful birds' nests against the woodpeckers attack. Keywords: useful birds;  Dendrocopos major;  Dendrocopos syriacus;  Passer montanus;  Picus viridis.
Recent Status of Pests and Diseases on Cut Roses in Batu East Java
Authors: Handayati Wahyu , Sihombing Donald
Published: March 2018

Rose is one of the most important ornamental plants in Indonesia. Almost 57.02% of the national cut rose’s demand was supplied from East Java, mainly from Batu. However, in the production process, there are various problems, especially pest and disease damages. In this regard, a study was conducted to determine recent status of the pests and diseases on roses in cultivation center of Batu, East Java. Observation was carried out in the farmers’ field randomly, from October to December 2014. Observation was performed on type and damage intensity of the pests and diseases. The pests and plant damage were sampled for further identification. An interview was made with some farmers to get secondary data about the type and the importance of the pests and diseases as well as the effort for controlling them. The result showed that some pests and diseases found included aphid, armored scale insect, spider mite, thrips, black spot, crown gall and powdery mildew. Based on morphological identification, there were two families of armored scale insect, i.e., Coccidae and Diaspidae. The highest damage intensity was due to armored scale insect, thrips, black spot and crown gall with the percentage of damage intensities of 50.50%, 20.00%, 45.50% and 65.00%, respectively. Based on those data, scale insect, thrips, black spot and crown gall were classified as important pests and diseases on roses in this area. Some pesticides and other materials like petroleum oil and detergent were used by the farmers to control either pests or diseases, but they were ineffective, especially in controlling armored scale insect and crown gall. Keywords: Cut roses, pest, disease, inventory, observation, status
Bio-ecology of Slender Black Rice Bug, Paraeucosmetus pallicornis in South Sulawesi
Authors: Rahmini Rahmini , Munawar Dede , Senoaji Wasis , Baliadi Yuliantoro
Published: March 2018

A study on the bio-ecology of slender black rice bug, Paraeucosmetus pallicornis, was conducted in the research farm of Lolit Tungro, Lanrang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This pest is considered as new rice pest, attacking rice plant especially during generative stage. This pest inserts its stylet and then sucks the sap of the developing rice grain. Light trap was used  to catch this pest. Yellow sticky trap and pitfall trap were used to determine the insect population and to find out when the pest infests the plant. Fifteen yellow sticky traps were set diagonally on rice field, and 10 pitfall traps were placed on the ground. The traps were placed on three plots as replication. On the first week of the study, it was found that the number of captured insects from the light trap during harvesting was 193. On the 2nd to 4th weeks, during fallow stubble, the captured insects were 135 -740. In the early of May, the field started to be ploughed as preparation for the next planting season. As the result,  the number of insects captured decreased to 53 – 152 insects. The 2013 planting season was started in June. During this period, the bugs captured were only 1 – 3. This indicates that the bugs have already moved or migrated out of the rice field. The average number of eggs laid were 53.3 (1 pair), 124.8 (2 pairs), 142.5 (3 pairs), 202.3 (4 pairs), and 284 (5 pairs) and the average of hatch rate was 29.9%. The damaged rice grain was 38% grains/panicle (ranged 24.2-57.4%). This level of damage indicates that the P. pallicornis contributes to the reduction of  rice yield. Keywords: Paraeucosmetus pallicornis, rice pest
Assessment of Food Security Determinants Among Rice Farming Households in Bali Province
Authors: Suharyanto Suharyanto , Indrasti Rita
Published: March 2018

This study aimed to investigate food security at household level and to identify the socio-economic factors that affect the levels of food security among households of lowland rice farmers. Research was conducted in three district centers of rice production in the province of Bali, i.e. Buleleng, Gianyar and Tabanan. Samples were taken by multistage sampling of 216 respondents consisting of 122 farmers ICM program and 94 farmers non-ICM program. The data for the study were obtained with the aid of a structured questionnaire survey randomly administered to rural farming households in the districts. Household food security was measured by cross classification of the share of expenditure on food and consumption of energy. The socio-economic factors that affected household food security levels were estimated using ordered logistic regression. The result showed that in the aggregate 49.07% of the households were categorized as secure, 37.9% as vulnerable, 8.79% as insufficient, and 4.17% as insecure. The analysis showed that housewives education, incomes and household food reserves had a significant positive effect on the level of food security whereas family size, the prices of rice and instant noodles had a significant negative effect. The food security level of the ICM-program farmers was higher than that of the non-ICM program farmers Keywords : food security; households; lowland rice; integrated crop management (ICM)
Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviour of Farmer on Integrated Crop Management for Healthy Citrus Orchard (ICMHCO) in Gianyar District
Authors: Suharyanto Suharyanto , Arya Nyoman Ngurah , Sutami Putu
Published: March 2018

One cause of low productivity and quality of citrus in Indonesia is not free of CVPD (Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration) or Huang Lung Bin (HLB) disease in several citrus production centers. Integrated Crop Management for Healthy Citrus Orchard (ICMHCO) is a HLB control strategy consisted of (a) the used of labeled and free diseases planting materials, (b) pest and diseases control especially for the HLB vector, (c) good field sanitation, (d) optimum cultural practices, and (e) field management consolidation. The research objective was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of farmers in the control HLB. The research was conducted in the village of Pupuan, Tegallalang Sub-district, Gianyar District on August 2015, using a survey of 30 farmers of respondents. Data were analyzed descriptively uses the cross tabulation. The results showed that the knowledge of farmers on ICMHCO could be classified as moderate, relatively neutral attitude of farmers and farmers' behavior is low. Efforts should be made to improve the implementation of ICMHCO, among others, by increasing the availability of seed labeled and free of disease and other production inputs, training and institutional capacity building of farmer groups. Keywords: knowledge; attitude; behavior; citrus farmer
The Effect of CMC Addition on the Characteristics of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L. Cv Cilembu) Velva
Authors: Djali Mohamad , Firbiani Maulisa , Marsetio Marsetio
Published: March 2018

Indonesia is the fourth largest sweet potato producing country in the world. However, the number of sweet potato utilization is still non optimal. One of the most popular sweet potato cultivars is Cilembu sweet potato. Velva is a frozen dessert which is made from mashed fruit (puree) with addition of water and sucrose. Fat content in velva is much lower than the ice cream, it is suitable to be consumed by vegetarian and those who are on low-fat diet. The velva making process may serve as an alternative of sweet potato utilization and will increase its economic value. One of the factors that affects the texture of velva is the type and amount of stabilizers used. This research aims to determine the optimal amount of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose(CMC) to yield Cilembu sweet potato velva with good characteristics and organoleptic properties of the panelists preferences. The method used is the experimental method with completely randomized design (CRD) consisted of 6 treatments of CMC addition (0.00%, 0.20%, 0.40%, 0.60%, 0.80%, and 1.00%) and replicated 4 times. The final results showed that the sweet potato velva with addition of 0.60% CMC was the best treatment. The velva has rate of melting 712.50 seconds, overrun 19.69 %, and the amount of total soluble solids 27obrix. This velva has qualified the standard of rate of melting, according to Arbuckle and Marshall (1996) the ice cream’s rate of melting  in 20oC  is 10-15 minutes. Keywords: velva; sweet potato; CMC; characteristics
Functional and Amylographic Properties of Physically-Modified Sweet Potato Starch
Authors: Marta Herlina , Tensiska Tensiska
Published: March 2018

In general, native sweet potato starch has inferior characteristics such as it swells easily, does not gel firmly and low paste clarity. The characteristics of native sweet potato starch cause limitation in its utilization. This research aimed to study the effect of physically modified starch on the functional and amylographic properties of native sweet potato starch. The study used a descriptive method with 4 treatments and 2 replications: a) a native sweet potato starch, b) sweet potato modified starch by heat moisture treatment, c) sweet potato starch modified by annealing and d) sweet potato starch modified by pre-gelatinization. The results showed that all three treatments modified starches largely alter the functional and amylographic properties of native sweet potato starch. Heat moisture treated and annealed sweet potato had starches with decreased swelling volume, solubility, peak viscosity, and breakdown viscosity, increased pasting temperature and setback viscosity than its native starch. Pre-gelatinized sweet potato starch has lower bulk density, peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, setback viscosity and increased swelling volume, solubility and water absorption capacity than its native starch. Key word: functional properties; amylographic properties; sweet potato starch; physically modified
Urban Agriculture Development : A Strategy to Support Food Security
Authors: Juniawati Juniawati , Hayuningtyas Maulida
Published: March 2018

The enhancement of rural-urban migration flows impacts on the enhancement of urban population. It takes more efforts to fulfill the food demand. Now, 80% food stock in urban area is fulfilled from rural area and imports. Urban agriculture development is a strategy to improve food availability, food access and also to support food security. Some of urban agriculture models that have implemented and developed in many country were metropolitan food cluster, rooftop garden, community garden, and vertical farming. This paper is a literature review from various study, research and document relates with urban agriculture. Based on this study, urban agriculture can increase urban community prosperity, environmental sustainability and quality of health. Urban agriculture productivity needs agricultural technology innovation to ensure sustainability of production. Urban agricultural models that is integrated with agricultural technology innovation able to create a resilient urban food systems to accelerate the realization of food security. Keywords: urban agriculture; technological innovaton; food security
Preface
Authors: . .
Published: March 2018

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Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) Play Role in Adaptive Immunity in Rabbits Immunized by Sarcoptes scabiei Proteins
Authors: Lastuti Nunuk Dyah Retno , Rantam Fedik Abdul , Hastutiek Poedji , Chrismanto Dony
Published: March 2018

Sarcoptic mange is one of the most economically important diseases in goats in Indonesia, and increasing number of cases of treatment failure is being reported because of drug resistance. Nowadays, it is considered as an emerging/re-emerging parasitic disease that threatens human and animal health globally. Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) is a receptor which plays role in innate immunity due to microbial infection. TLR-5 is a receptor that can recognize ligand produced by bacterial component, and TLR-7 is involved in the recognition of ligand that similar to ssRNA virus. This research aims are to detect Sarcoptes scabiei antigenic protein which can induce cellular immune response in rabbit as adaptive immunity with TLR-5 and TLR-7 as marker.This research was performed in several stages: isolation and identification S. scabiei from scabies infected goats; extraction of soluble protein S.scabiei mite, the rabbit immunization by inoculating protein antigen S. scabiei with dosage of 500µg, repeated five times as booster in two weeks, the examination of TLR-5 and TLR-7 expression using direct immunofluorescence technique. The result of cellular immune response is shown by TLR-5 and TLR-7 expression in rabbit T limphocytes which appear yellow to green fluorescence color using fluorescence microscope. The amount of fluoresnce T lymphocytes showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between control and various boosters, and significantly increased in 3rd booster or 42 days post immunization. The conclusion showed protein from S. scabiei mites taken from goat contains ligands, acting as receptors which involve in pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that can induce adaptive immunity and recognized by TLR-5 and TLR-7. It shows that TLR is not only involved in innate immunity but also in adaptive immunity, and can be used as alternative adjuvant development.   Keywords: Sarcoptes scabiei, TLR- 5, TLR-7, goats, rabbits.
Preservation Effect of Grouper (Epinephelus sp) Fillet Against Survival of Anisakidae
Authors: Raharjo Hartanto M. , Koesdarto Setiawan , Estoepangestie A.T Soelih , L.D Kusuma Wardhani
Published: March 2018

This study was aimed to determine the effect of time and preservation method that the most effective in killing larvae Anisakidae, and still be able to maintain the quality post-preservation of fillet from three groups, combination of pickling with heating (50°C and 75°C ); pickling with cooling (ice and dry ice); and pickling with salting (dry salting and brine salting). This study was a laboratory experimental research carried out in four phases, phase identification, preservation, organoleptic test and protein test. The results can be concluded that the time of preservation and preservation methods affect the survival of anisakidae larvae. The most effective heating method preservation to kill the larvae Anisakidae was heating at temperature of 75°C compared to 50°C, for cooling the use of dry ice is more effective than ice, and for methods of salting with 25% concentration, brine salting and dry salting effective in killing larvae Anisakidae , The effect of the method preservation for the quality of fillets in organoleptic test still considered adequate and still can be accepted by the public. As for the protein test a slight decline of the fillet quality post-preservation.  Keyword : Preservation; Fillet of Grouper; Larva Anisakidae
Acanthocephalan in Xenochrophis piscator Snake in Sidoarjo Indonesia
Authors: Audini Inggarsetya Syah , Suwanti Lucia Tri , Koesdarto Setiawan , Poetranto Emmanuel Djoko
Published: March 2018

Xenochrophis piscator is a snake that often found in Indonesia, particularly in Java Island. Xenochrophis piscator is a non-venomous snake and often used for food, traditional medicine and as pets in Indonesia. Snakes can be infected by different types of parasites which are zoonotic. One of the zoonotic helminth infect snakes is acanthocephalan. Acanthocephalan can be transmitted to humans by ingesting snake products. We investigate the incidence of helminthiasis in X. piscator from snakes collector in Tulangan district, Sidoarjo, East Java. Parasites were collected from X. piscator organs. Identification of parasites was in carmine stain using light microscope for examination. Sixty snakes were observed and sixteen snakes were positively infected by adult acanthocephalan (26.67%). Acanthocephalan was found in mesenterium and fascia of X. piscator. Keyword :  Xenochrophis piscator, acanthocephalan, helminthiasis, zoonosis.
The Identification Blood Parasites On Pig (Susdomesticus) In Polewali Mandar District
Authors: Arfin Silvana , Muslimin Lucia , Ris Adryani
Published: March 2018

Parasite is a detrimental living creature that using other living creature food in its life. Blood parasite is one of the quite important livestock disease which is endemic and can lead to fairly large economic losses which include weight loss, employment loss, and death of livestock. Blood parasites that usually attack livestock are Theileria sp, Babesia sp, Anaplasma and Plasmodium. The purpose of the research is to identify blood parasite of swine in Polewali Mandar district. This research was conducted on 25 August to 23 September 2016. The samples are 80 swine which obtained from all Swine People Ranch at Polewali in Polewali Mandar district, West Sulawesi. The samples made into an blood thinner then examined under a microscope. From 80 samples, the results showed that there are 4 samples which is positive infested Theileria sp.  Key words : Blood Parasite, Swine, Theileria, Theileriosis.
Spirometra in Ptyas mucosus Snake in Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Authors: Pranashinta Garindra Tiara , Suwanti Lucia Tri , Koesdarto Setiawan , Poetranto Emmanuel Djoko
Published: March 2018

Currently snake is not only limited as performing animals, medicine, food and raw materials factories but also as pets. One of the famous snakes found in Indonesia is Ptyas mucosus. Snake is a port of the various parasitic zoonoses and unzoonoses. In P. mucosus also frequently reported cases of occurrence sparganosis. Sparganosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae spirometra or called spargana. The aim of this reasearch to study of the morphology of Spirometra in P. Mucosus snake from snakes collector in Sidoarjo, East Java. Identification adult worm and larvae in wet prepararat using a stereo microscope. Identification with Carmine staining and clearing with Glycerin using a light microscope with a magnification of 40x and 100x. The result found that P. mucosus was infected by larva of Spirometra. Sixty snakes were observed and 41 snakes were positively infected by the spargana (68%). Spargana found in musculus and subcutaneous snake P. Mucosus. Spargana are flat and thin white worms. They were like a ribbon. They are often found in groups in almost all parts of subcutaneous and musculus.The average length is 10cm, with average body width is 0,3cm. This is the first case report of sparganosis infection in P. mucosus in Indonesia. The discovery of P. mucosus sparganosis is a warning to the public to be more careful and aware in consuming snake because Spirometra sp. is one of parasitic zoonoses.Key Word: Spirometra, Ptyas mucosus, sparganosis.
Toxicity of Citrus mitis, Citrus aurantifolia, and Citrus maxima leaf extract toward mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Hamidah Hamidah , Adrianto Hebert
Published: March 2018

Dengue Fever is a significant health issue in Indonesia for it is always been found and unresolved since 1968. Dengue Fever is transmitted through mosquito (Aedes aegypti) bite. Resistance of mosquito larvae towards temephos as consequence of chemical larvicide consumption has been reported in several countries. One of safe and environmentally friendly efforts to control mosquito is by using herbal larvicide which produced from plants. This study examines methanol extract of Citrus mitis, Citrus aurantifolia, and Citrus maxima leaf toward mosquito larvae Ae. aegypti instar III for 24 hours. Data of larvae mortality is analyzed using probit analysis by SPSS software. The result shows that Citrus mitis has the highest toxicity with the lowest lethal concentrations (LC) that are LC50 = 1.547 ppm and LC90 = 3.328 ppm. It followed by Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus maxima respectively.Keywords: larvicide; Aedes aegypti; leaf extract; Citrus mitis; Citrus aurantifolia; Citrus maxima
An In Vitro Antibacterial Activity Test of Meniran Herbs’(Phyllanthus Niruri L.) Ethanol ExtractAgainst Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Sabdoningrum Emy Koestanti , Hidanah Sri , Wahjuni Retno Sri , Chusniati Sri , Arimbi Arimbi
Published: March 2018

Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) is a chicken respiratory disease that attacks both broilers and layers. Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) has important economic significance in the intensification of chicken farms because this disease can cause huge economic losses. Meniran plant (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) is one of the plants that can be used as prevention and alternative treatment as a substitute of antibiotic caused by Mycoplasma galisepticum causes Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) in broiler chickens. The chemicals contained in meniran include tannins, saponins, alkaloids as antibacterials. The purpose of this study is to determine the activity of meniran herbs’ (Phyllanthus Niruri Linn) as antibacterial to eradicate Mycoplasma galisepticum. The method of this study is dilution method which included Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC) was taken by making the concentration of meniran extract as much 65%, 62,5%; 60%; 55%; 50%; 45%; 40%. It was then added Mycoplasma gallisepticum bacteria. The result of this study is Meniran’s activation test on Mycoplasma galisepticum obtained a dose of 62,5% could eradicate Mycoplasma galisepticum causes Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) in broiler chickens. Meniran herbs’ (Phyllanthus niruri linn) is effective as antibacterial at concentrations of 30% against Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) in broiler chickens. Keywords: Meniran herbs’ (Phyllanthus Niruri Linn), Mycoplasma Galisepticum, Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD)
Bioremediation of Mercury (II) Contaminated Seawater Using the Diatom Skeletonema costatum
Authors: Soedarti Thin , S. Tini , H. Sucipto , Kuncoro Eko P.
Published: March 2018

The mercury contaminated seawater can pollute fish pond. Bioremediation is an effective process for the removal and recovery of mercury (II) from seawater using organism as an agent of biological degradation. The aim of this study was to know the optimum contact time and concentrations of the Skeletonema costatum cell inoculation on the bioremediation in mercury (II) contaminated seawater. This study has used the concentrations of the cell inoculation (5000; 10000; and 15000 cells/mL), the mercury (II) (0; 0.5; 1; and 2 mg/L), the contact time (24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours), and its replicated five times. The maximum bioremediation capacity of mercury (II) was 2 mg/L at 15 000 cells/mL and contact time 96 hours, with bioremediation efficiency 86.83%. Diatom Skeletonema costatum was efficient at removing 2 mg/L mercury (II) 79.5% for 5 000 cells/L at 72 hours, 83.3 % for 10 000 cells/L at 72 hours and 85% for 15 000 cells/L at 72 hours. The optimum contact time and concentrations of the Skeletonema costatum cell inoculation on the bioremediation in mercury (II) contaminated seawater for 2 mg/L, i.e. 5 000 cells/L for 72 hours (79.5%) Keywords: bioremediation; mercury (II); seawater; Skeletonema costatum.
BMP-2 Expression of Post Tooth Extraction that Catfish Oil Application
Authors: B. Theresia Indah , Sumaryono Bambang , Suardita Ketut , R. Amelia Putri
Published: March 2018

Catfish (Clarias batrachus) oil contain the highest amount of omega-3-PUFA among other freshwater fish. The omega-3-PUFA in fish oil produced eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It is known that EPA and DHA in essentials fatty acid (EFA) could improve BMP-2 expression. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is bone stimulator which capable of inducing differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblast, stimulating bone formation in wound healing process of dental extraction. Purpose: To prove the increasing expression of BMP-2 after catfish (Clarias batrachus) oil application. Methods: We have used the post test only design in this research. There have been 21 Rattus novergicus as research samples, and those were divided into 3 groups, group KK as control, group KP1 was given catfish (Clarias batrachus) oil in 5% concentration, and group KP2 was given catfish (Clarias batrachus) oil in 10% concentration. Catfish (Clarias batrachus) oil were applied into the socket of dental extraction. Rat was decapulated 7 days after fish oil application and the jaw in the treated regions and control group were cut for immunohistochemistry examination to observe BMP-2 expression. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA test.  Result: There is significant difference increased of BMP-2 expression between control and treatment group. In samples given with 10% concentration of catfish oil had the most significant increase of BMP-2 expression. Conclusion: Catfish (Clarias batrachus) oil in 10% concentration could increase the expression of BMP-2 post dental extraction.Key words: Catfish oil, BMP-2, dental extraction.
Inhibition of Apoptosis in Retinal of Newborn Mice Due to Congenital Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Suwanti Lucia Tri , Mufasirin Mufasirin , Plumeriastuti Hani
Published: March 2018

Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women cause defects in the newborn, such as hydrocephalus and eye damaged, even blindness. Histologically damage due to congenital infection of T. gondii need to be examined. Twenty pregnant mice were divided into two groups which are the treatment group and the control group. Each mouse in treatment group was infected with 10 takizoit by intraperitoneal. Each of the newborn were sacrified, their head were taken and their eye tissue were fixed in 10% of buffered formalin and the histological sample were made in HE and TUNEL staining. The result showed that the retina of the eye of the newborn from infected mice damage. The damages include: hemorrhage, infected retinal cells, eye growth inhibition and decreased of apoptosis index of the retina cells.  Keywords: Apoptosis in retinal, Newborn, Congenital Toxoplasmosis, Ocular Toxoplasmosis
Effect of Spirulina Platensis on The Number of Spermatogenic Cells in The Seminiferous Tubules of Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) with Excessive Physical Exercise
Authors: Rosidawati Rahmah Wahyu , Rimayanti Rimayanti , Supranianondo Koesnoto
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Spirulina platensis extract on the number of spermatogenic cells of rats with excessive physical exercise. Excessive physical exercise was achieved through one hour of swimming for 35 days. Twenty male rats were divided into five groups i.e (1) C-, control group, (2) C+, a group was only given swimming, (3) T1, a group was given 300 mg/kg BW of Spirulina platensis and swimming, (4) T2, a group was given 600 mg/kg BW of Spirulina platensis and swimming, and (5) T3, a group was given 1200 mg/kg BW of Spirulina platensis and swimming. Spirulina platensis extract was given orally once a day before swimming. ANOVA test followed with Duncan test showed that the number of spermatogenic cells significantly different among treatments (p<0.05). Excessive physical exercise was able to influence on the male reproduction system by declined on the number of spermatogenic cells in seminiferous tubules of male rat. The conclusion of this study was dose of 1200 mg/kg BW of Spirulina platensis extract could maintain the number of spermatogenic cells of male rat after excessive physical exercise.  Keywords : Rattus norvegicus, Spirulina platensis, excesive physical exercise, spermatogenic cells
Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties of Acorus calamus, Curcuma mangga, and Allium sativum
Authors: Muchtaromah Bayyinatul , Ahmad Mujahidin , S Emy Koestanti , A Yuni Ma’rifatul , A Velayati Labone
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study to determine the content of phytochemicals, antioxidant and antifungal properties of the combination of Acorus calamus, Curcuma mangga, and Allium sativum. This research was descriptive qualitative, extractions were done by maceration method with ethanol with 3 different combinations (C1, C2 and C3). Phytochemical test reagent included 4 kinds of test, namely: alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins and tannins. As for the antioxidant test, the method used was DPPH. The concentration used at 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm. As for the antifungal test conducted on Candida albicans with Kirby-Bauer disc methods with a concentration of 100%, followed by the MIC and MBC test with a concentration of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.13%, 1.56%, 0.78% and 0.39%. Phytochemical test results indicated the presence of the alkaloids, flavonoids and triterpenoids compounds in 3 different combinations (C1, C2 and C3). The highest antioxidant levels founded in C1 (61.75) followed by C3 (47.94) and the lowest levels founded in C2 (42.76). The antifungal test showed the inhibitory zone against C.  albicans. The highest inhibitory zone was found in C1 at 5.44 ± 1.78 mm (medium category), followed by C2 at  4.08 ± 0.86 mm (medium category), and C3 at 3.05 ± 0.23 mm (medium category). As for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value got on the concentration of 0:39% and minimum fungisidal concentration (MFC) values were at a concentration of 0.78%.    Key word: Acorus calamu, Allium sativum, Curcuma manga, Antioxidant, antifungal, Candida albicans
Shark Species on Export Products from East Java and Bali by Dna Barcoding Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer-2 (Its-2) Locus in Mitochondrial
Authors: Aksono Eduardus Bimo
Published: March 2018

DNA barcoding method is the mitochondrial marker for all animal species, and it is claimed as distinguishing feature from one species to another Species identification in shark products is often difficult to perform as they have morphological similarities with many other species and it is even more difficult as they are parts separated from the body for the storage. This research is aimed to know which species of sharks identified in the export products from East Java and Bali by DNA barcoding method. The samples of sharks (meat, fins, skin and bones) used were 90 samples acquired in Surabaya from the export products of East Java and Bali from 2015 to 2017. The DNA barcoding method uses universal primer through nested PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) process which is able to amplify the DNA until around 1,340 bp based on Internal Transcribed Spacer-2 (ITS-2) locus of mitochondria. Based on the result of phylogenetic analysis and the classification list by IUCN, from 90 samples of sharks acquired from export products in East Java and Bali, species identified were: 1.11% Daenia sp categorized as NE (not evaluated); 4.44% Sphyrna zygaena categorized as NT (not Threatened); 3.33% Sphyrna lewini categorized as NT (not Threatened); 10% Rhizoprionodon taylori categorized as LC (least concern); 24% Charcarhinus brevipinna categorized as NT (not Threatened); 2.22% Charcarhinus obscurus categorized as NT (not Threatened); 3.33% Charcarhinus falciformis categorized as LC (least concern); 1.11% Charcarhinus plumbeus categorized as NT (not Threatened); 27.78% Charcarhinus longimanus categorized as VU (vulnerable); 1.11% Neutrygon kuhlii categorized as NE (not evaluated); 1.11% Charcarhinus Taurus categorized as VU (vulnerable); 3.33% Rhizoprionodon longurio categorized as DD (data deficient); 1.11% Rhizoprionodon porosus categorized as DD (data deficient); 1.11% Eusphyra blochii categorized as NT (not Threatened); 4.44% Chiloscyllium griseum categorized as DD (data deficient); 5.56% Rhizoprionodon oligolinx categorized as LC (least concern); 1.11% Prionace glauca categorized as NT (not Threatened); 1.11% Rhizoprionodon lalandii categorized as DD (data deficient). Generally all species found in this research were special fish from Indo-Australian archipelago and included in IUCN red list. The government policy to prohibit export of these species was the right decision to prevent the species extinction. Keywords : ITS-2; Shark; Export Products; Java and Bali
Bioactivity of human Menopausal Gonadotrophin (hMG) and Deglycosylated hMG (hMGdG) from Urine of Post-Menopausal Women On invitro Bovine Embryonic cleavage
Authors: Hermadiv Herry Agoes
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study was to produce hMG from the uterus of post-menopausal women and to evaluate the influence of glycan removal from hMG glycoprotein molecule underwent deglycosylation (hMGdG) on the onset of in vitro bovine embryonic cleavage. The study identified hMG from the uterus of post-menopausal women by confirmation of the glycoprotein characteristic, examined the biochemical characteristics of deglycosylated hMG using N-glycanase and determined the influence of deglycosylated hMG on the onset of in vitro bovine embryonic cleavage. Urine samples were collected from 30 post-menopausal women. The results of SDS-PAGE demonstrated that the protein bands ranged between 19.4 and 107 kDa. Western blot revealed immune-reactivity of the 30 kDa band, which was a glycoprotein. The concentration of glycoprotein was 99860.00 ug/ml (PAS), the protein was 66939.29 µg/ml (Biuret) and carbohydrate 32920.71 µg/mL (PAS). The glycoprotein, protein and carbohydrate ratio within the hMG molecule was 3:2:1. Chemical characteristic of hMG following enzymatic deglycosylation using N-glycanase reduced the molecular weight to 26 kDa. The deglycocylated hMG reduced the onset of in vitro cleavage of bovine embryo from 24 to 20 hours (p < 0.01). Keywords: hMG, hMGdG, embryo cleavage, glycoprotein, deglycocylation, in vitro