bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developmental stage-specific spontaneous activity contributes to callosal axon projections
Authors: Tezuka Yuta , Hagihara Kenta M , Ohki Kenichi , Hirano Tomoo , Tagawa Yoshiaki
Published: August 2022

The developing neocortex exhibits spontaneous network activity with various synchrony levels, which has been implicated in the formation of cortical circuits. We previously reported that the development of callosal axon projections, one of the major long-range axonal projections in the brain, is activity dependent. However, what sort of activity and when activity is indispensable are not known. Here, using a genetic method to manipulate network activity in a stage-specific manner, we demonstrated that network activity contributes to callosal axon projections in the mouse visual cortex during a ‘critical period’: restoring neuronal activity during that period resumed the projections, whereas restoration after the period failed. Furthermore, in vivo Ca2+ imaging revealed that the projections could be established even without fully restoring highly synchronous activity. Overall, our findings suggest that spontaneous network activity is selectively required during a critical developmental time window for the formation of long-range axonal projections in the cortex.
A systematic, complexity-reduction approach to dissect the kombucha tea microbiome
Authors: Huang Xiaoning , Xin Yongping , Lu Ting
Published: August 2022

One defining goal of microbiome research is to uncover mechanistic causation that dictates the emergence of structural and functional traits of microbiomes. However, the extraordinary degree of ecosystem complexity has hampered the realization of the goal. Here, we developed a systematic, complexity-reducing strategy to mechanistically elucidate the compositional and metabolic characteristics of microbiome by using the kombucha tea microbiome as an example. The strategy centered around a two-species core that was abstracted from but recapitulated the native counterpart. The core was convergent in its composition, coordinated on temporal metabolic patterns, and capable for pellicle formation. Controlled fermentations uncovered the drivers of these characteristics, which were also demonstrated translatable to provide insights into the properties of communities with increased complexity and altered conditions. This work unravels the pattern and process underlying the kombucha tea microbiome, providing a potential conceptual framework for mechanistic investigation of microbiome behaviors.
Parallel processing, hierarchical transformations, and sensorimotor associations along the ‘where’ pathway
Authors: Doudlah Raymond , Chang Ting-Yu , Thompson Lowell W , Kim Byounghoon , Sunkara Adhira , Rosenberg Ari
Published: August 2022

Visually guided behaviors require the brain to transform ambiguous retinal images into object-level spatial representations and implement sensorimotor transformations. These processes are supported by the dorsal ‘where’ pathway. However, the specific functional contributions of areas along this pathway remain elusive due in part to methodological differences across studies. We previously showed that macaque caudal intraparietal (CIP) area neurons possess robust 3D visual representations, carry choice- and saccade-related activity, and exhibit experience-dependent sensorimotor associations (Chang et al., 2020b). Here, we used a common experimental design to reveal parallel processing, hierarchical transformations, and the formation of sensorimotor associations along the ‘where’ pathway by extending the investigation to V3A, a major feedforward input to CIP. Higher-level 3D representations and choice-related activity were more prevalent in CIP than V3A. Both areas contained saccade-related activity that predicted the direction/timing of eye movements. Intriguingly, the time course of saccade-related activity in CIP aligned with the temporally integrated V3A output. Sensorimotor associations between 3D orientation and saccade direction preferences were stronger in CIP than V3A, and moderated by choice signals in both areas. Together, the results explicate parallel representations, hierarchical transformations, and functional associations of visual and saccade-related signals at a key juncture in the ‘where’ pathway.
idea of national humour and Americanisation in Australia and Britain
Authors: Rolfe Mark
Published: August 2022

The widespread notion of a unique national humour involves an impulse to apply the commonplace assumptions of national identity that demand uniqueness of identity, history, language and culture for a political society. What is deemed true and distinctive of the nation must be also be true and distinctive of its national humour, goes the thinking. However, such cultural exclusivity has not been reconciled with cultural exchanges between nations. Paradoxically, conceptions of national humour have been formulated in dynamic tension with such exchanges during the various phases of globalization that have taken place since the 19th century. The Americanisation of humour, in particular, has been an important component of such transmissions and resulted from the commercial popular culture dominated by America since the nineteenth century. Australia is a prime example examined here along with examples from Britain. To complicate matters of transmission, Americanisation sometimes arrived in Australia via Britain as well as directly from America itself. Australians and Britons periodically reacted against American culture, including humour, as a threat to national identity. But this was part of a dynamic tension played out between modern and traditional, imported and local in their selections and adaptations of humour imports from America. There is a huge and historic complexity of cultural anxiety and cultural transfer lying behind the apparent cultural comforts of belonging to a nation-state. Moreover, humour has played its part in the continual discursive recreation of the nation in the form of constant searches for the unique national humour of a people.
On the "Dark Side"
Authors: Mullan Kerry
Published: August 2022

This study examines the use of online humour in a subversive local community Facebook group set up in 2017 by disgruntled members banned from a similar group “in opposition to [the original group’s] arbitrarily-applied rules, [its] enforced happiness, and [its] suppression of any post that isn't about giving away lemons or asking to borrow small appliances”. The dissatisfaction with the guidelines and the administration of the original Facebook group provides rich material for humorous posts in the new group, many with varying degrees of aggression directed at the founder and certain members of the “Dark Side”, as the original group is frequently referred to. 
This article will demonstrate how the use of humour in this new rival Facebook group is used for the purposes of inclusion and exclusion, and how it contributes to a sense of belonging in this online community of practice (Lave & Wenger 1991) created by a small group of self-declared dissidents. It will be shown how the humour shapes the identity of the group through the members’ shared ideologies and beliefs (Tanskanen 2018), and how the humorous messages intended to denigrate and belittle the “Dark Side” reinforce unity among the group members, since the feeling of superiority over those being ridiculed coexists with a feeling of belonging (Billig 2005).
Fifteen single comments or multi-post threads were chosen for analysis. These appeared during the first twenty months of this rival group’s existence, and included primarily affiliative and/or aggressive humour (Meyer 2015) directed at the original group. The analysis was carried out using elements of computer-mediated discourse analysis (Herring 2004), and an insider participant-observer online ethnographic approach. The examples chosen illustrate how the humour is used to unite the members of this subversive group by dividing them from the original one, to create the joking culture (Fine and de Soucey 2005) of the new group, and in so doing, creates and sustains the members’ shared identity as irreverent breakaway troublemakers.
Amicus Curiae por the International Center for Law and Religion Studies at Brigham Young University (USA)
Authors: Doxey Gary , Gilbert Scharffs Brett , Clark Elizabeth , Moore David
Published: August 2022

El presente escrito es presentado por el International Center for Law and Religion Studies (“ICLRS”), un instituto académico dentro de la Facultad de Derecho de Brigham Young University en los Estados Unidos. ICLRS escribe para aportar sus consideraciones y valoraciones técnicas sobre las importantes y entrelazadas preguntas que este caso presenta con respecto a los derechos de igualdad y libertad religiosa a fin de que éstas sean consideradas como útiles para el desarrollo de la jurisprudencia en esta materia. 2. ICLRS es un líder global en el estudio académico del derecho internacional y comparado concerniente a la religión, la libertad de religión o de creencia y los demás derechos que atañen a estos temas. ICLRS colabora con distinguidas instituciones académicas, gobiernos y la sociedad civil a través del mundo para organizar congresos, talleres y seminarios que cuentan con expositores destacados internacionales. Desde el año 2000 ICLRS ha realizado casi 900 eventos de este tipo en más de 50 países con el objetivo de fomentar entendimiento entre personas d1e distintas opiniones, difundir conocimiento técnico y fortalecer la pericia local en la materia. Frecuentemente, ICLRS presenta comentarios técnicos sobre proyectos de ley que afectan a la religión, hasta la fecha en más de 50 países. Genera libros y artículos continuamente sobre derecho y religión, a menudo en colaboración con expertos en el extranjero. 3. Por estas consideraciones y de conformidad con el artículo 44 del reglamento de El presente escrito es presentado por el International Center for Law and Religion esta Honorable Corte , ICLRS tiene el interés legítimo de pronunciarse ante la Honorable Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos a través del presente amicus curiae. 4. Por otro lado, ICLRS no tiene ningún conflicto de intereses respecto de las partes y no recibirá ningún beneficio económico ni por elaborar este escrito ni como resultado del eventual fallo en el caso.
Missed Vaccinations in Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Basavaraja Kiran , Gururaja Suman Meenakshi , Mannivanan Geetha , Srinivasiah Santosh
Published: August 2022

Introduction: During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID- 19) pandemic, lockdown was imposed to break the rapid spread of infection which hampered many essential services. This included medical services and particularly the scheduled vaccinations among children. Consequently, many children missed or delayed vaccinations. Aim: To find the incidence and reasons for missed/delayed vaccination in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective hospital-based cross-sectional study done in the Department of Paediatrics, East Point College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India from March 2020 to February 2021. The total number of patients studied were 515. The samples included all children aged 0-10 years attending the Paediatric Outpatient Department (OPD) for vaccination. Details about age, gender, address, parental details of education, occupation and income were recorded, using a questionnaire. Immunisation card was checked to ascertain whether any of the vaccines were missed or delayed and advice about catch up vaccination was given. The reasons for delay or missed vaccinations were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare different classes of population with delay and as per schedule classes of children for individual vaccines. Results: The mean age of the population was 13.77 months. Delay in vaccinations was seen in 213 (41.35%) children, among among them were 94 (44.13%) girls, and 119 (55.86%) boys. Mean age of the population with delay/missed vaccinations were 21.23 months. Main cause cited in 88.2% cases for delayed/missed vaccination was fear of getting infected with Covid-19 during hospital visits. The vaccinations with most significant delay were pentavalent vaccination at 10 weeks with a mean age of delay being 1.1 month as per National Immunisation Schedule (NIS) and Typhoid vaccination as per in Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP) schedule with a mean age of delay of 5.2 months. The vaccinations were delayed in all socio-economic classes of the populations during the study period. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has hampered all healthcare services including immunisation. Intentional vaccine delay due to any reason by parents should be avoided and catch up immunisation should be given at the earliest.
Adrenal Haemorrhage Associated with Scrotal Swelling in a Neonate
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Wasim Sanober , Lone Yasir Ahmed , Gupta Girish , Rehman Talha
Published: August 2022

Acute scrotal swelling in a neonate is a serious condition that requires prompt evaluation. It is important to salvage the testis, if it is involved. Scrotal haematoma also results in scrotal swelling. Adrenal haemorrhage has been associated and may at times be the causation of scrotal swelling. This case report is about a neonate who developed scrotal swelling at 16 hours of life. It required scrotal exploration, because ultrasonography could not be done, and testicular torsion was a close differential diagnosis. Adrenal haemorrhage was found associated with it, emphasising the fact that adrenals should always be assessed if the scrotal haematoma is diagnosed. Scrotal swellings in a neonate should be considered an emergency and promptly worked up if facilities exist. A scrotal exploration may sometimes be required to rule out testicular torsion.
Effectiveness of Sensitisation Programme on Prazosin Therapy for Scorpion Envenomation at Primary and Secondary Healthcare Level
Authors: Rameshbabu B , Punitha P , Manochitra E , Sasikala K , Balaji J
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Scorpion envenomation is a life-threatening paediatric emergency. Prazosin-an alpha-1 blocker is the gold standard therapy for scorpion envenomation. Many children with scorpion envenomation were under-treated at Primary Healthcare (PHC) and Secondary Healthcare (SHC) level because of lack of awareness about prazosin therapy. If prazosin is started earlier at PHC and SHC level, complications and mortality can be reduced. Aim: To conduct sensitisation programme for PHC and SHC doctors regarding the management of paediatric emergencies including scorpion envenomation, and to evaluate the effectiveness of sensitisation programme on prazosin therapy for scorpion envenomation at PHC and SHC level. Materials and Methods: This non concurrent clinical trial consisted of training PHC and SHC doctors at the Department of Paediatrics, Government Dharmapuri Medical College Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India for a period of two years (January 2018-December 2019). After the training, children aged 1 month-12 years with features of scorpion envenomation referred from PHC and SHC to this tertiary care centre, during January 2021-September 2021 were evaluated. The data regarding initiation of prazosin therapy at PHC and SHC level and the clinical profile, complications and outcome at tertiary care level were noted. The present study parameters were compared with previous study on scorpion envenomation, done before the sensitisation programme in the same centre, and the data were compared. Results: Training was given to 120 medical officers of PHC and SHC. Sixty-two children, with scorpion envenomation referred from PHC and SHC, were included in the study. A total of 7 (10%) children brought to the tertiary care centre directly were excluded. Prazosin therapy was initiated in 43 (69.3%) children at PHC and SHC level before referral. Initiation of prazosin within four hours of scorpion sting was done in 45 (72.6%). Common symptoms were pain {42 (68%)}, diaphoresis {26 (42%)} and salivation {25 (40%)}. Cold peripheries, myocarditis and pulmonary oedema were noted in 24 (39%), 4 (6%) and 6 (10%) children, respectively. Dobutamine and Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV) were needed in 13 (21%) and 11 (18%) cases, respectively. When compared to the observations pretraining, peripheral circulatory failure (76% to 39%) (p=0.019), pulmonary oedema (27% to 10%) (p=0.010), myocarditis (17% to 6%) (p=0.039), ionotrope support (41% to 21%) (p=0.024), and NIV (39% to 18%) (p<0.003) were significantly reduced. There was no mortality. Conclusion: Following the sensitisation programme, initiation of prazosin for scorpion envenomation at PHC and SHC level significantly improved. Complications like myocarditis, pulmonary oedema, need for inotropes and ventilator support decreased significantly.
Clinical Profile of Hypoglycaemia in Neonates at Risk in a Tertiary Care Teaching Institute in Southern India: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Tom Christy , Joseph Susy , Sasidharan Bindusha , Anand Veena , Santhoshkumar A
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Hypoglycaemia is common in babies at risk. Without early detection, timely diagnosis and treatment, hypoglycaemia can cause disastrous consequences on neurological and developmental outcomes. Therefore, continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels in babies at risk should be done to reduce its impact. Aim: To describe the clinical profile and sequential blood sugar levels in the first four postnatal days in at-risk neonates and to identify the risk group of neonates with recurrent hypoglycaemia. Materials and Methods: This was a longitudinal study done in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) of a tertiary care teaching institute; Sri Avittam Thirunal Hospital (SATH), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, from October 2017 to October 2018. Neonates admitted with risk factors for hypoglycaemia according to ‘National Neonatology Forum’ clinical guidelines with low capillary blood sugar (<40 mg/dL) within the first two to four hours of life were included in the study. These neonates were followed-up clinically till fourth postnatal day with glucose monitoring. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22. Categorical variables were expressed as proportions and compared using the Chi-square test. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 368 ‘at risk’neonates had hypoglycaemia at admission (2 to 4 hours) and of these 200 (54.3%) developed recurrent hypoglycaemia. Out of the neonates with recurrent hypoglycaemia, 150 (75%) were preterm and 50 (25%) were term. The preterm Small for Gestational Age (SGA) had a higher chance of developing recurrent hypoglycaemia than preterm Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) and Large for Gestational Age (LGA) (p-value=0.0256). Although, 102 (40.2%) preterm had asymptomatic hypoglycaemia, 90 (78.9%) term neonates showed symptoms of hypoglycaemia. The major clinical manifestation was jitteriness in those with a single episode 31 (18.45%) and lethargy/poor activity in those with more than one episode 66 (33%). The blood glucose levels less than 25 mg/dL at admission was significantly associated with the occurrence of a repeat episode of hypoglycaemia (p-value=0.028). Conclusion: Blood glucose monitoring in neonates with risk factors is mandatory as 54.3% of neonates developed recurrent hypoglycaemia. Of these, preterm SGA had a high chance of developing recurrent hypoglycaemia. The variable presentations in neonatal hypoglycaemia indicates the need for detailed and thorough clinical examination with glucose monitoring in these at-risk neonates. Initial blood glucose level less than 25 mg/dL was significantly associated with recurrent hypoglycaemia.
Analyzing the Performance of a Multi Product Producer Company in Ramanathapuram District of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Aamina B. , Sivakumar S. D. , Murugananthi M. , Sheela M. Shantha
Published: August 2022

Farmer producer companies were started with the objective of increasing the income of farmers through aggregation, adoption of improved technologies and access to the service and markets. Sample Farmer Producer Company was started during 2015 and it is a multi product producer company. Financial performance is one of the important criteria for sustainability of the business by the FPCs. Hence this study was proposed with the objective of analyzing the performance of multi product Producer Company. Descriptive study was helped to full the objective of this research. Primary and secondary data were collected for analyzing the performance of sample FPC. Primary data analysis showed that sample FPC established strong forward and backward linkage. Based on t test the members of the sample FPC benefited in inputs purchase, access to farm machinery, credit, and crop insurance than the non members. Even though the company’s operational performance was better, financial performance was poor. Based on the altman Z score model results, the company will bankrupt in the near future. The external borrowing of the company limits the profitability. Hence support from the Government and better financial management will make the company financially sound in the near future.
Evaluation of Tillering Behavior and Yielding Ability of Different Rice Varieties under Unpuddled Conditions
Authors: Srimathi K. , Subramanian E.
Published: August 2022

A field trial was conducted at Central Farm of Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai during Kharif, 2017 on sandy clay loam soils to evaluate the effect of various sowing windows on tillering performance and yielding ability of three different varieties under unpuddled condition. The study was evaluated in a Split plot design with three replications and a treatment consisting of two dates of sowing (July first and second fortnight) assigned in main plots and three varieties viz., ADT 48, MDU 5 and CO 51 in two methods of planting (Direct seeded rice (DSR) and Unpuddled Transplanted rice (UPTR)) in sub plots. The treatments were compared with conventional planting of short duration variety (CO 51) under late release of water from July first and second fortnight (absolute control 1 & 2). The results revealed that, tiller production was not significantly influenced by sowing dates but effective tillers and yield was more in early sowing than late sowing. Among the method of planting with different varieties, direct sowing of CO 51 produced more tillers like primary, secondary tillers m-2 at various growth stages. The tertiary tiller production was higher in the UPTR method than direct sowing. As a result of more number of panicles, higher yield was achieved in direct sowing of CO 51 which produced a grain yield of 5987 kg ha-1 and straw yield of 8130 kg ha-1 over early and very early duration varieties viz., MDU 5 and ADT 48 under both method of planting. Therefore, CO 51 was proved its supremacy to produce more tillers and give higher yield under direct sowing method than unpuddled condition transplanting.
A Scale to Measure Farmers’ Perception towards Climate Vulnerability
Authors: Shrivasatava Varsha
Published: August 2022

Perception is influenced by various factors such as attitude, knowledge, information, socio-cultural factors, and previous experience. To understand human behavior, it is necessary to understand the process of perception. The farming community may not have knowledge about the reasons for climate vulnerability but they can understand and realize the consequence of it. Agriculture is susceptible to climate vulnerability through increased temperature and changes in rainfall patterns. These factors affect germination, plant growth, grain development, and maturity in turn productivity. Increased temperature creates heat stress on crops and this adversely affects the production of crops. While the uneven distribution of rainfall creates drier or waterlogged conditions for crops that hampered the growth of crops. In this direction, the research was designed to develop a scale to measure farmers' perception of climate vulnerability. A list of 62 statements indicating the positive or negative perception was considered for scale construction. The statements were edited in light of the informal criteria suggested by Edwards. The total individual score of judges was calculated by summing up the weights given by judges to the individual states. Based on total individual scores, 25 percent of judges with the highest total individual scores and 25 percent of judges with lowest total individual scores were taken assuming that these groups provided criterion groups in terms of high and low evaluated by the individual states.  Item analysis is done by the 't' value for each statement using the formula and procedure given by Edwards. Finally, 52 statements that had a 't' value of 1.75 and above qualified for inclusion in the scale.
Group a Rotavirus Detection in Calves and Piglets from Honduras and Panama
Authors: Ferrera Annabelle , Bourdett-Stanziola Lurys , Quan Doris , Cuevas-Abrego Manuel , Durant-Archibold Armando A.
Published: August 2022

The epidemiology of animal rotaviruses infection and their association with illnesses in humans remains unknown in Central America and the world. In this study, we performed a genotyping of rotavirus strains by RT-PCR for-G (VP7) and P (VP4), in samples of diarrhea in calves and piglets, in Honduras and Panama. Mixed infections and combinations of genotypes G (VP7) and P (VP4) were identified in calves in Honduras: 3 (4%) G2P [6], 2 (2%) G2P [4], in piglets: 4 (5%) G4P [6],  and in calves in Panama: 63 (72%) G10 P [2], 12 (13%) G8 P [11], 9 (10%) G6 P [11] and 3 (3%) G10 P [1].This investigation represents the first report of bovine and porcine rotavirus strains in Honduras and Panama.
Field Efficacy and Economics of Different Insecticides against Tomato Fruit Borer [Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)]
Authors: Manisha Cheepurupalli , Kumar Ashwani
Published: August 2022

The experiment on Field efficacy and economics of different insecticides against tomato fruit borer [Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)] was conducted during rabi 2021-2022, at Central Research Field, Department of Entomology, SHUATS, Naini, Prayagraj, U.P. The data on percent population reduction of different treatments revealed that the T5 Spinosad 45% SC (81.379) followed by T1 Indoxacarb 14.5% SC (75.140), T7 Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (74.634), T2 Flubendiamide 39.5% SC (68.634), T3 Novaluron 10%EC (65.647), T4 Fipronil 5% SC (54.225), T6 Neem oil 0.03% EC (49.533) found to be least efficient than all other treatments. Among the treatments studied the best and most economical treatment was Spinosad (1:6.72), Indoxacarb 14.5% SC 14.5SC (1:6.42), followed by Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (1:6.3), Novaluron 45% SC (1:5.09), Flubendiamide 20% WG (1:4.45), Fipronil 5% SC (1:7.9), (1:3.92), Neem oil 0.03% EC (1:3.45) as compared to control T0 (1:3.04).
Modelling, Design and Performance Analysis of LCL Filter for Grid Connected Three Phase Power Converters
Authors: Essien A. U. , Ilo F. U.
Published: August 2022

The use of Power Converters to integrate renewable sources of power with the ac grid has been on the increase in the last two decades. An LCL filter is often used to interconnect the Power Converters to the utility grid in order to filter the high order harmonics produced by the Converter. To achieve the high filtering performance that meet the stringent grid code requirement and also balance cost and effectiveness, an optimal design of the LCL filter is required. This paper presents the modelling and a comprehensive design methodology of an LCL filter for grid – interconnected converters using analytical approach. The simulation results show that with this design method, 99.51% of the current harmonics present at the converter output is mitigated.
Experimental Study of Hybrid Flat-Plate Solar Collector/Nocturnal Radiator for Water Heating and Cooling in Owerri, Nigeria
Authors: Mong O. O. , Onyeocha C. E. , Nwaji G. N. , Ndubuisi C. O.
Published: August 2022

The quest for new, alternative energy sources and technologies have risen due to myriads of crises associated with fossil fuel dominated energy mix in Nigeria, in terms of supply and its adverse effect on the environment.

Experimental study of hybrid flat-plate solar collector/nocturnal radiator for water heating and cooling in Owerri, Nigeria, is presented. The experimental rig consists of a single flat surface (absorber plate) made of a mild steel plate, film-coated with an acrylic resin which made the surface spectrally selective. Underneath, were arrays of copper tube risers. A sample test on acrylic resin’s coating, on a metallic substrate showed that it has high clear spectral absorptivity (low emissivity) in the solar radiation band (0.2-0.3µm) as well as low absorptivity (high emissivity) in the atmospheric window band (3-8µm). A water reservoir 2m above was connected to the system inlet header to supply water. Experimental data were harvested for days/nights through a read-out basic language programmed data logger. The experimentation were conducted under the metrological condition of Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri (5.49oN, 7.02oE), South-East Nigeria. The results obtained under solar heating phase showed a peak water temperature of 60⁰C at a plate temperature of about 80⁰C and a heat collection efficiency of 31%. The peak insolation was about 900W/m2 and the ambient temperature was between 27⁰C and 32⁰C throughout the diurnal phase. Also, under the nocturnal radiation phase, a cooling power of 41w/m2 was achieved during cooling on clear night and about 20w/m2 on a cloudy night. Water temperature in the range of 19⁰C to 20⁰C was recorded at temperature depression of about 5⁰C. The night sky temperature of the location was obtained in the range 10⁰C to 16⁰C for the period under study. The result shows that the system can provide substantial energy savings when incorporated into building structure, to providing hot and cold water for domestic/process use, space heating and cooling applications.
Analysis of Planetary Gear Transmission Characteristics Based on ANSYS
Authors: Wang Song , Cao Yunyu
Published: August 2022

Planetary gear transmission is widely used in roadhead, crane and other transmission equipment, its reliability and stability are related to the service life and work efficiency of equipment, but the current research on planetary gear transmission device is not comprehensive, lack of accurate analysis of gear meshing process load. Therefore, in this paper, ANSYS software as a platform, through the construction of dynamics module, to solve the gear teeth surface, gear teeth root and gear teeth tip stress analysis and deformation and displacement, the finite element analysis. The research results provide necessary technical support for the design and production of planetary gear transmission.

Aims: Through finite element analysis of planetary gear transmission, the dynamic parameters of planetary gear transmission are solved, and the reliability and stability of planetary gear transmission equipment are improved.

Study Design: By constructing the dynamics module of planetary gear, the stress analysis, deformation and displacement of gear tooth surface, gear tooth root and gear tooth top are solved, and the finite element analysis is carried out.

Place and Duration of Study: North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, from March to July 2022.

Methodology: The finite element analysis was carried out on the model of planetary gear transmission mechanism, and the model was established and simplified by using SolidWorks software. The modal analysis and dynamic analysis were carried out by using ANSYS software, and the meshes were divided and constraints were added. Finally, the parameters such as stress, strain and displacement of the meshing position were solved.

Results: The result of model meshes is 357575 units and 204871 nodes. The algorithm has 219 iterations and 15 convergence points. The experimental results show that there is a meshing position with the worst contact fatigue strength in the contact area between the outer ring gear and the planetary gear tooth surface. At this position, the contact stress value of the tooth surface is 22626Pa.

Conclusion: In this paper, the planetary gear device is modeled by SolidWorks software, and the finite element analysis is carried out by ANSYS software to obtain the stress and strain parameters in the transmission process of the device, as well as the worst meshing point of the gear, the most vulnerable point of fatigue and other dangerous points. It lays a certain technical foundation for the optimization and improvement of gear and the design and production of planetary gear transmission device.
Nanoparticles Loaded Mucoadhesive Buccal Patches - Review
Authors: Sabareesh M. , Suma P. , Ravi M. Venkata , Balaji Anna
Published: August 2022

Drug distribution for both local and systemic conditions is significantly facilitated by buccal methods of administration. When a rapid beginning of action is necessary, they have proven to be a potent substitute for the conventional oral route, the buccal route is regarded as patient-friendly. Although many procedures have been explored, drug permeability and regulated drug release via this route of delivery remain concerns for the effective therapy. They have shown to be an effective alternative to the traditional oral route, especially when fast onset of action is required. The buccal route is considered patient friendly due to its non-invasive nature and ease of administration. Nanotechnology has advanced to the point that clinical uses have been considered. The use of nanoparticles in buccal dosage forms not only provides efficient distribution but also lowers biological system side effects. Many methods for loading and delivering drug-loaded nanoparticles to the buccal mucosa have been proposed, both for topical and systemic administration. The primary objective of this review is to provide an overview of the nanotechnological methods that have been so far developed to enhance the buccal administration of medications.
TRABALHADORES E SINDICALISMO NO BRASIL: para onde foram os sindicatos?
Authors: Jácome Rodrigues Iram
Published: August 2022

Este artigo analisa o sindicalismo brasileiro no período mais recente e, ao mesmo tempo, discute o processo de associativismo sindical no país, a partir de alguns indicadores de sindicalização. Os dados deste estudo, construídos com base, principalmente, na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) mostram um deslocamento da sindicalização, seja no conjunto das regiões brasileiras, seja no que tange à questão de gênero, bem como na relação cidade/campo. E esse processo é mais visível no interior da maior central sindical brasileira, a CUT. Palavras-chave: Trabalhadores. Sindicalismo brasileiro. Associativismo sindical. Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT). WORKERS AND UNIONISM IN BRAZIL: where did the labor unions go? Iram Jácome Rodrigues This article analyzes contemporary Brazilian unionism and, at the same time, discusses the process of affiliation to unions in the country from a few union indicators. Data from this study, mainly based on the National Research by Home Samples (PNAD) of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), show a movement from the unions, regarding all Brazilian regions, gender issues, and the city/countryside relationship. This process is more apparent inside the main union center in Brazil, the CUT (Workers Union Center). Keywords: Workers. Brazilian unonism. Union affiliation. Wokers Union Center (CUT). TRAVAILLEURS ET SYNDICALISME AU BRÉSIL: où sont donc les syndicats? Iram Jácome Rodrigues Cet article analyse le syndicalisme brésilien d’une période plus récente et examine, en même temps, le processus d’association syndicale dans le pays à partir de quelques indicateurs de syndicalisation. Les données de cette étude basée essentiellement sur la Recherche Nationale par Échantillonnage à Domicile (PNAD) de l’Institut Brésilien de Géographie et des Statistiques (IBGE) démontrent un déplacement de la syndicalisation, que ce soit dans l’ensemble des régions brésiliennes ou en ce qui concerne la question de genre, tout comme dans la relation ville/campagne. Ce processus est encore plus visible au sein de la plus grande confédération syndicale brésilienne, la CUT. Mots-clés: Travailleurs. Syndicalisme brésilien. Association syndical. Centrale Unique des Travailleurs (CUT). Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
UNASUL: a dimensão política do novo regionalismo sul-americano
Authors: Nery Tiago
Published: August 2022

Na primeira década do século XXI, a ascensão de forças progressistas possibilitou a adoção de políticas externas mais autônomas pelos países da América do Sul. A hegemonia neoliberal e os modelos homogêneos de integração dos anos 1990 foram sucedidos por tipos heterogêneos de regionalismo. Entre as novas organizações, a Unasul constitui um fórum de coordenação política que envolve a cooperação em diferentes áreas. Trata-se da vertente política do novo regionalismo sul-americano. Em seu interior, convivem governos com distintos signos ideológicos, que participam de diferentes mecanismos integrativos. A Unasul representa o coroamento de um processo de afirmação de uma identidade sul-americana possível contra a histórica pulverização da região. O novo organismo pode converter-se em um mínimo denominador comum regional. Além disso, a Unasul projeta geopoliticamente a América do Sul e contribui para a construção de um novo polo no sistema internacional.Palavras-chave: Unasul. Política externa brasileira. Regionalismo. Relações internacionais. América do Sul. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
ENERGÍA DE BAJA INTENSIDAD: gobiernos, mercados e instituciones en el regionalismo energético de América del Sur
Authors: Palestini Stefano
Published: August 2022

A pesar de haber sido considerada un área prioritaria de cooperación, el regionalismo energético sudamericano muestra signos de estancamiento, evidenciados por las infructuosas negociaciones de un Tratado Energético Sudamericano. Este artículo explica la paradoja de por qué, no obstante la voluntad política, las favorables condiciones estructurales para la integración, y la creación de instituciones regionales ad hoc, el regionalismo energético no consiguió pasar de las declaraciones intergubernamentales a la implementación de políticas. Se argumenta que ninguna de las instituciones creadas ha sido capaz de mediar la divergencia entre mercados y entre preferencias gubernamentales. Se requiere por tanto de un nuevo consenso que replantee la necesidad y la capacidad de la región para llevar adelante la agenda de integración energética. A un nivel más general, el caso del sector energético brinda lecciones importantes acerca de los desafíos futuros que enfrenta la cooperación regional en materia de políticas públicas en Sudamérica.Palabras-claves: Regionalismo. América del Sur. Integración energética. UNASUR-IIRSA. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
O BANCO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO E SOCIAL - BNDES E A EXPANSÃO DE EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS DE CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL PARA A AMÉRICA DO SUL
Authors: Sousa Kraychete Elsa
Published: August 2022

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LA RELACIÓN ENTRE TRATADOS DE INVERSIÓN Y CONVENIOS DE DOBLE TRIBUTACIÓN: el caso chileno
Authors: Polanco Lazo Rodrigo , Yáñez Villanueva Felipe
Published: August 2022

El presente artículo examina las relaciones entre los tratados de inversión y los tratados de doble tributación, considerando que, en la actual evolución de ambos tipos de acuerdos, sus disposiciones pueden presentar superposiciones en aspectos tales como estándares de protección, transparencia, trato nacional, cláusula de la nación más favorecida, expropiación y transferencias de capital. Tomando el ejemplo de los tratados suscritos por Chile, en este trabajo se examinan las consecuencias de las trasposiciones de ambos acuerdos, desde el punto de vista de sus mecanismos de solución de controversias, como en lo referido a los conflictos de je- rarquía normativa entre esos dos tipos de tratados. Asimismo, se efectúa un análisis sobre iniciativas de tipo multilateral que afectan a ambas categorías de acuerdos como el Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS).Palabras-clave: Inversión extranjera. Acuerdos bilaterales de inversión. Convenios de Doble Tributación. BEPS. Chile.  Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
AMAR E SERVIR NO SUL DA AMÉRICA: origem e articulação dos centros sociais jesuítas
Authors: Santos Costa Iraneidson
Published: August 2022

Desde a Carta de Inácio de Loyola aos Padres e Irmãos de Pádua, de 1547, o Apostolado Social tem se cons- tituído numa das dimensões centrais do carisma da Companhia de Jesus. Tal opção, no entanto, ganhou um relevo maior por ocasião da criação dos chamados Centros de Investigação e Ação Social (CIAS) em diversos países sul-americanos, entre 1950 e 1970. Apoiados em documentação oriunda de diversos arqui- vos da Companhia de Jesus no Brasil, Itália, México e Paraguai, discutiremos a origem e articulação dos CIAS sul-americanos, inicialmente por intermédio do Secretariado Interamericano de Ação Social (SIAS), logo depois pelo Conselho Latino-Americano dos CIAS (CLACIAS), inserindo-os num contexto fortemente marcado por polarizações ideológicas e políticas. Ao longo do artigo, procuraremos demonstrar a hipótese central de nossa investigação: a trajetória dos CIAS está marcada pela tensão permanente entre duas forças contrapostas: (a) o compromisso com a justiça social e (b) a luta contra o comunismo.Palavras-chave: Companhia de Jesus. CIAS. Justiça social. Cristianismo de Libertação. América do Sul. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Educational practices in health with families of children with special health nedds: integrative review / Práticas educativas em saúde junto aos familiares de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde: revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Fernanda Priscila Mello Almeida da , Silva Liliane Faria da , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Nunes Michelle Darezzo Rodrigues , Pacheco Sandra Teixeira de Araújo , Fernandes Beatriz Dias
Published: August 2022

Objetivos: identificar a produção científica sobre práticas educativas em saúde junto aos familiares de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura desenvolvida em cinco recursos informacionais nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2021. Resultados: incluíram-se nove artigos na síntese qualitativa, dentre os quais a maioria foi nacional, com delineamento metodológico descritivo e com nível VI de evidência. As práticas educativas em saúde encontradas foram: atividades grupais como rodas de conversa e grupos de diálogo, tecnologias educacionais em formato de cartilha, além de práticas integrativas como massagem e atividades musicais. Considerações Finais: a literatura científica sobre a adoção de práticas educativas em saúde que auxiliem o cuidado domiciliar às crianças  com  necessidades  especiais  e  suas famílias ainda é limitada, indicando-se a necessidade de produções que potencializem esta modalidade de assistência. Assim, sugere-se o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas e desenvolvimento de tecnologias educacionais voltadas para essa temática.
Politics and psyche
Authors: Samuels Andrew
Published: August 2022

This is a lightly edited version of the transcript of the keynote address given at the annual conference of the New Zealand Association of Psychotherapists held in Christchurch in February 1997.
The paper divides into five sections. the first section is called 'We've had 100 Years of Psychotherapy Wanting to Improve the World but it Stayed Pretty Much the Same.' Many therapists know of Hillman and Ventura's book We've had 100 Years of Psychotherapy but the World is Getting Worse. However, therapists displaying concern about politics is not a new phenomenon.
The second section is called 'Grounds for a Cautiously Optimistic Prognosis.' The third is on 'The Economic Psyche' and the fourth is on 'The Political Self.' Finally, there is a section called 'Citizens as Therapists.' The first two sections are the more academic part of the paper but set the scene for the fun and games of the last three sections. One earns the right to experiment!
Reworking gender archetypes
Authors: Hubbard Peter
Published: August 2022

In terms of difference, the analysis of gender in cultural and psychological thinking has had the benefits of a feminist input for some decades now. How might 'masculist' input into this debate be framed? One strand of the current masculist debate attaches itself to feminist analyses, another polarises around essentialist/constructivist arguments, yet another seeks to establish its own experiential ground.
This paper proposes a reworking of an established psychological hypothesis concerned with masculine and feminine archetypes. In doing so it recognises the inherent duality of gender. It attempts to do this from a masculist standpoint, and as such, to honour both essentialist and constructivist approaches.
In doing so, this paper hopes to suggest a theoretical frame that can be used in working psychotherapeutically with men and with the relationships that men form. This is not only therapeutic, but also political work.
Science, psychiatry and psychotherapy
Authors: Coates Tony
Published: August 2022

The paper is a critical deconstruction of the medical model. I examine the medical model in medicine, and how it drives psychiatry and psychotherapy. Using the notion of 'structure determinism' as outlined by Humberto Maturana (Chilean neurobiologist and leading constructivist thinker) I demonstrate the confusion that inevitably arises in daily life when theories about, explanations of, and metaphors for, human behaviour and conduct are confused with psychological processes.
I suggest that such theories are about human conduct and therefore are a part of ethics and religion and do not belong to medicine proper. Considering such explanations, theories, and metaphors to belong to medicine, maintains a power of medical expertise to predict and control human conduct. To this extent the medical model in psychiatry and psychotherapy is an issue of power and control and hence belongs to ethics and morality, and not to medicine.
I also suggest that human freedom, responsibility, dignity, and integrity may lie in reclaiming such expertise for oneself.
A health professional's assessment interview- abusive or therapeutic?
Authors: Hewland Robyn
Published: August 2022

A health assessment can be a collection of data, obtained in an impersonal objective manner, an inquisition by 'the rapist' that leaves the person feeling 'stripped' of dignity and information, or, a consultation by a 'therapist', who both obtains data and develops empathy, rapport and trust.
To be healthy, an individual is in a state of physical, mental and social well-being (WHO). I have become concerned that more is being done to people, and not with individuals and need. My fears were aroused by my professional experiences, and by a conference report from 1996.
Not a one-sided being
Authors: Thompson David
Published: August 2022

This paper examines ideas on therapy with gay men drawn from the essay Not a One-Sided Sexual Being: Clinical Work with Gay Men from a Jungian Perspective by Scott Wirth, a Jungian analyst who works in San Francisco.