bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal evolution of laser ablation W plasma under low-pressure Ar gas and Ar plasma ambients
Authors: Men Boliang , Li Cong , He Qi , Qu Hongmin , Liu Shiming , Li Longfei , Wu Huace , He Zhonglin , Shi Jielin , Wu Ding , Hai Ran , Wu Xingwei , Ding Hongbin
Published: January 2025

The spatio-temporal evolution of laser ablation W plasma under low-pressure conditions in a continuous Ar plasma ambient was investigated and compared to that in Ar gas ambient.
Large-scale acoustic single cell trapping and selective releasing
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Smith Jacob , Zhou Amanda Chengyi , Duong Jacqueline Thuy-Tram , Qi Tong , Chen Shilin , Lin Yen-Ju , Gill Alexi , Lo Chih-Hui , Lin Neil Y. C. , Wen Jing , Lu Yunfeng , Chiou Pei-Yu
Published: January 2025

We introduce an acoustic microfluidic platform that efficiently traps and selectively releases individual cells using spherical air cavities embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate for large scale manipulation.
Impedance spectroscopy and optical properties of lanthanum-modified Bi2FeMnO6 for NTC thermistor applications
Authors: Sahoo Laxmidhar , Behera Swayam Aryam , Ganga Raju Achary P. , Parida S. K.
Published: January 2025

Bi1.75La0.25FeMnO6 was prepared by solid-state reaction and characterized by techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscope, UV spectroscopy and LCR measurements.
Modelling VA-CNT surface morphology for pollutant adsorption from aqueous media
Authors: Oliveira Inês E. , Silva Ricardo M. , Silva Cláudia G. , Silva Rui F.
Published: January 2025

Catalyst engineering of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs) through their spontaneous wave-like growth and intrinsic oxygen concentration.
Correction: Negatively charged gold nanoclusters protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting mitophagy
Authors: Shen Xiaolei , Li Dan , Zhuang Pengfei , Yu Yang , Shi Zuqiang , Mei Xifan , Liu Chang
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘Negatively charged gold nanoclusters protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting mitophagy’ by Xiaolei Shen et al., New J. Chem., 2022, 46, 10878–10886, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NJ01536F.
The impact of antimony on all-inorganic lead-free perovskites: progress in optical advancement and applications
Authors: Chen Qiaochu , Shen Yanjin , Cai Rong , Zhao Zicheng , Dong Guifu
Published: January 2025

We present a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in the rational design of Sb3+ and other BIII cation doping in Cs2BIBIIIX6 DPs, along with their remarkable applications in optoelectronic devices.
Superconducting diode effect in the Weyl semimetal Td-MoTe2 that has a surface modulated by Al nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Tengfei , Du Wan-Shun , Wang Wen-Hao , Yang Qiang , Miao Hai-Dong , Zhou Yangbo , Zhang Zongteng , Zhao Yue , Jia Hao , Liu Song , Zhang Zhensheng , Chen Tingyong , Huang Wen , Chen Jing-Jing , Tan Zhen-Bing , Yu Da-Peng
Published: January 2025

We studied the superconducting diode effect in the type-II Weyl semimetal Td-MoTe2 that is covered with Al nanoparticles.
Advanced metal oxide catalysts for propane dehydrogenation: from design strategy to dehydrogenation performance
Authors: Li Qian , Zhang Jie , Yu Tong , Chen Jinwei , Wang Gang , Shi Zongbo , Zhuo Runsheng , Wang Ruilin
Published: January 2025

This review summarizes the design strategy of metal oxide catalysts for PDH, including the suitable supports and the modulated active sites of catalysts. The roles of reaction conditions and advanced characterizations are highlighted.
Unveiling the inhibition mechanism of host-defense peptide cathelicidin LL-37 on the amyloid aggregation of the human islet amyloid polypeptide
Authors: Tang Huayuan
Published: January 2025

The host-defense peptide cathelicidin LL37 inhibits the amyloid aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptides by hydrophobic associations and pi–pi interactions.
Carbene-induced ring-opening reactions of five-/six-membered cyclic ethers: expanding the frontiers of functional group introduction and molecular architecture construction
Authors: Xiao Jun , Jiang Dandan , Wu Xiujuan , Li Juanhua , Liu Kunming , Huang Bin , Wang Wei
Published: January 2025

The multi-component ring-opening reactions of cyclic ethers offer an efficient strategy for the rapid introduction of multiple functional groups and the construction of complex molecular architectures.
Synthesis of nonaromatic [16]thiatriphyrin(2.2.1)s
Authors: Tiwari Shubham , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: January 2025

The first examples of stable, nonaromatic [16]thiatriphyrin(2.2.1)s were synthesized by condensing a new precursor, meso-fused thiatripyrrane, with an appropriate aryl aldehyde under acid-catalyzed conditions.
Comparative evaluation of cocrystalline and coamorphous forms comprised of gefitinib and dasatinib for performance optimization
Authors: Shi Xian-Bi , Wang Zhi-Qing , Li Hui-Tian , Dai Xia-Lin , Long Xiang-Tian , Huang Yong-Liang , Chen Jia-Mei , Lu Tong-Bu
Published: January 2025

GTB-DAS·2H2O and GTB-DAS CM were comparatively investigated, and GTB-DAS·2H2O shows superior stability, tabletability, and dissolution performance, making it a more promising and reliable solid form for the development of combinational therapy.
Enantiomeric Fe(ii)-incorporated organic–inorganic hybrid crystals for energy harvesting
Authors: Lu Dan , Yu Yun-Hui , Yu Yong , Weng Yan-Ran , She Jia-Zi , Ai Yong
Published: January 2025

An energy harvesting device based on (R/S-HQ)2FeCl4 generates a peak-to-peak output voltage of 2 V by finger tapping. The characterization of the enantiomeric material provides essential insights into self-powered low-voltage electronic devices.
Functional modified separator with high-entropy material for high-performance Zn–I2 batteries
Authors: Jia Hongfeng , Li Yanxin , Hao Yuehan , Ali Usman , Liu Bingqiu , Li Lu , Zhang Lingyu , Zhao Liang , Hang Sun , Wang Chungang
Published: January 2025

Self-supporting layers containing high-entropy materials (HEMs) with adsorption–catalytic-conversion integrated functions were designed and synthesized for the first time for separator modification of Zn–I2 batteries.
Construction of a CoP/MnP/Cu3P heterojunction for efficient methanol oxidation-assisted seawater splitting
Authors: Liu Weijia , Zhou Min , Zhang Jingwen , Liu Wenxian , Qin Doudou , Liu Qian , Hu Guangzhi , Liu Xijun
Published: January 2025

A phosphide heterojunction has been developed as an efficient catalyst toward methanol-assisted seawater splitting with good activity and high durability.
Enantioselective synthesis of vicinal diamines and β-amino amides by NiH-catalyzed hydroamidation of alkenyl amides
Authors: Tian Xun , Duan Shengzu , Ma Yuan , Pan Ailin , Meng Yamiao , Deng Guogang , Zhang Hongbin , Yang Xiaodong
Published: January 2025

The first NiH/BOX-catalyzed enantioselective hydroamidation of alkenyl amides is reported. This method provides chiral vicinal diamines and β-amino amides, including the derivatization of bioactive molecules, and the preparation of chiral Nicaraven.
Atom-controlled divergent synthesis of spiro and fused rings via base-catalyzed chemoselective annulation
Authors: Chen Gang , Nie Guangjie , Li Linxuan , Fu Jie , Yao Hui , Huang Nianyu , Wang Nengzhong
Published: January 2025

Herein, we report a transition metal-free, chemodiverse cycloaddition reaction of azadienes with allylamines for the synthesis of a series of spirobenzofurans, spirotetrandrines, and benzothiophene-diazepines with high diastereoselectivity.
Uncovering the potent antimicrobial activity of squaramide based anionophores – chloride transport and membrane disruption
Authors: Brennan Luke E. , Luo Xuanyang , Mohammed Farhad Ali , Kavanagh Kevin , Elmes Robert B. P.
Published: January 2025

Squaramide derivatives that can efficiently bind to Cl− and exhibit potent Cl− transport in model liposomes demonstrate potent antimicrobial activity through a combination of disrupted chloride homeostasis and membrane disruption.
Initiating photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants under ultra-low light intensity via oxygen-centered organic radicals
Authors: He Yingge , Huang Yuyan , Ye Yu-Xin , Deng Yanchun , Yang Xin , Ouyang Gangfeng
Published: January 2025

The authors pioneer a photocatalytic system employing long-lived organic radicals for efficient organic pollutant degradation under ultralow light intensities, providing a foundation for practical photochemistry applications in pollution remediation.
Interplay between conformational dynamics and substrate binding regulates enzymatic activity: a single-molecule FRET study
Authors: Scheerer David , Levy Dorit , Casier Remi , Riven Inbal , Mazal Hisham , Haran Gilad
Published: January 2025

Single-molecule FRET reveals urea-induced conformational shifts in adenylate kinase, enhancing activity through promoting the open conformation and efficient substrate positioning.
Low temperature thermal RAFT depolymerization: the effect of Z-group substituents on molecular weight control and yield
Authors: De Alwis Watuthanthrige Nethmi , Moskalenko Anastasiia , Kroeger Asja A. , Coote Michelle L. , Truong Nghia P. , Anastasaki Athina
Published: January 2025

Labile RAFT end-groups are crucial for poly(methacrylate) depolymerization. Electron-donating Z-groups improve monomer recovery at lower temperatures, while electron-withdrawing groups provide molecular weight control during depolymerization.
Metal–ligand cooperativity enables zero-valent metal transfer
Authors: Riu Martin-Louis Y. , Shan Jing-Ran , Houk K. N. , Nava Matthew
Published: January 2025

Group 13 aminoxy complexes, (L)E(TEMPO)3 (TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl; L = THF (tetrahydrofuran) or Py (pyridine); E = Al, Ga, In), display ambiphilic reactivity with H2 and function as synthons for the preparation of materials.
Diffusive evaporation dynamics in polymer solutions is ubiquitous
Authors: Huisman Max , Poon Wilson C. K. , Warren Patrick B. , Titmuss Simon , Marenduzzo Davide
Published: January 2025

A phase field model predicts the ubiquitous nature of diffusion-limited evaporation (DLE) in polymer solutions, resulting from the formation of high-concentration polymer layer at the solution–air interface, here shown for the two-dimensional case.
Collective dynamics of intelligent active Brownian particles with visual perception and velocity alignment in 3D: spheres, rods, and worms
Authors: Liu Zhaoxuan , Dijkstra Marjolein
Published: January 2025

We explore the collective behaviors of intelligent active Brownian particles in three dimensions, uncovering structures that closely resemble behaviors seen in animal groups.
Performance enhancement of triboelectric nanogenerators and exploration of tactile sensing using an electrospun PAN–MWCNT layer through interface manipulation
Authors: Kumar Shailendra , Jha Rajesh Kumar , Thakur Bhavesh , Biswas Tulip , Anand Jay Krishna , Soren Chhotrai , Banswar Durgesh , Singh Shalini , Singh Sonika , Sinha-Ray Sumit , Goswami Ankur
Published: January 2025

Triboelectricity, being ubiquitous, holds promise as an energy source for achieving net zero emissions and self-powered wearables.
Hierarchically porous and flexible BN/Co-MOF aerogel encapsulated paraffin for efficient dual-thermal insulation
Authors: Hui Siyue , Zhang Huanzhi , Xu Guangpeng , Zhang Junhao , Xu Fen , Sun Lixian , Lin Xiangcheng , Ma Lei , Peng Hongliang , Li Bin , Yan Erhu , Rosei Federico
Published: January 2025

Novel BN/Co-MOF/PW composite PCMs were constructed using a hierarchically porous and flexible BN/Co-MOF aerogel as a supporting matrix for efficient dual-thermal insulation.
Structural evolution of Prussian blue analogues AxMFe(CN)6 upon intercalation of Na and K
Authors: Li Mingrui , Corà Furio
Published: January 2025

2-D intercalation patterns of Na at low concentrations in PBAs.
Synergistic action of spatially self-reconfiguring bilayer lithiophilic alloys and inorganic passivation layers for enhancing Li metal anode performance
Authors: Bu Yiwei , Huang Shidi , Zhu Jinqi , Cui Zhe , Gao Mengluan , Wang Wenqing , Zou Rujia
Published: January 2025

Synergistic interaction of spatially self-reconfiguring bilayer lithium–magnesium and lithium–zinc alloys through covered graphene oxide improves the performance of lithium metal anodes.
Engineering surface-exposed LaCoO3 perovskite nanotubular catalysts for catalytic combustion of toluene through acid etching
Authors: Wu Shixing , Shi Zhan , Dong Fang , Song Xin , Han Weiliang , Han Weigao , Zhang Haitao , Dong Xiuyan , Tang Zhicheng
Published: January 2025

In this study, we prepared a series of nanotubular perovskite-based catalysts using electrostatic spinning technique. The Ce-doped LaCoO3 catalyst treated with acid exhibited excellent water and SO2 resistance for the catalytic oxidation VOCs.
A superhydrophobic wood aerogel for radiative cooling and sound absorption
Authors: Chang A-Jun , Xue Chao-Hua , Sun Jiao-Jiao , Cheng Jun , Huang Meng-Chen , Liu Bing-Ying , Wang Hui-Di , Guo Xiao-Jing , Ma Chao-Qun , Wan Li , Wu Yong-Gang , Yan Yan-Yan
Published: January 2025

A multifunctional superhydrophobic wood aerogel featuring sound absorption, thermal insulation and radiative cooling.
Next-generation biopolymer gels: innovations in drug delivery and theranostics
Authors: Shergujri Danish Ahmad , Khanday Murtaza Ahmad , Noor Aisha , Adnan Mohd , Arif Iqra , Raza Syed Naiem , Mir Reyaz Hassan , Khan Nisar Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Theranostic use of smart gels for precise treatment and drug delivery.
Stimuli-responsive benzothiazole-phenothiazine derivatives: mechanochromism, AIE, acid sensing, and anticancer efficacy in benzo[a]pyrene-induced cancer models
Authors: Gavale Ramakant , Singh Siddharth , Ekbote Anupama , Jha Hem Chandra , Misra Rajneesh
Published: January 2025

Mechanofluorochromic (MFC) materials are emerging as a versatile candidate for optoelectronic and biomedical applications.
Capturing the dynamic integrity of carbocyanine fluorophore-based lipid nanoparticles using the FRET technique
Authors: Long Siyu , Turner David A. , Hamill Kevin J. , Natrajan Louise S. , McDonald Tom O.
Published: January 2025

Nanoparticles capable of dynamically reporting their structural integrity in real-time are a powerful tool to guide the design of drug delivery technologies.
Acetylation of alginate enables the production of inks that mimic the chemical properties of P. aeruginosa biofilm
Authors: Schandl Stephan , Osondu-Chuka Goodness , Guagliano Giuseppe , Perak Stjepan , Petrini Paola , Briatico-Vangosa Francesco , Reimhult Erik , Guillaume Olivier
Published: January 2025

Seaweed-derived alginate was acetylated to mimic the degree of acetylation of P. aeruginosa alginate. Inkjet printing was used to produce microbeads as 3D biofilm models to investigate the influence of the acetylation.
An ASGP-R-targeting magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent for liver cancer diagnosis
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Xiaoming , Bai Yinan , Li Zhiqian , Li Haonan , Wang Bing , Gong Qiyong , Luo Kui
Published: January 2025

In this study, a novel ASGP-R targeted contrast agent has been developed for liver cancer diagnosis, which exhibits high imaging efficacy and great biosafety, holding great promise as a contrast agent for targeted MRI of human liver cancer.
Defect engineering and carrier dynamics in gallium-doped zinc oxide nanowires for light-emitting applications
Authors: Azizar Rahman M. , Rabiur Rahaman Md. , Pramanik Tanmoy , Ton-That Cuong
Published: January 2025

The high doping levels of Ga in ZnO nanowires grown in an oxygen-rich environment quench the VZn-related green luminescence and lead to the formation of GaZnVZn intraband states responsible for intense orange luminescence.
Evolution of intrinsic defect density in UV laser conditioning at the KDP crystal stress affected zone and its role in improving the laser induced damage threshold
Authors: Hu Jianrui , Yin Zhaoyang , Cheng Jian , Chen Jixiang , Zhao Linjie , Lei Hongqin , Chen Guang , Chen Mingjun
Published: January 2025

Density evolution of intrinsic defects during UV laser conditioning is obtained via PL tests and verified by TCSPC. The mechanism of laser induced damage threshold increase by UV laser conditioning is revealed via first-principles calculations.
Deep-red to NIR solution-processed OLEDs of donor-decorated quinoxaline-based TADF aggregates
Authors: Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Cordes David B. , De Joydip , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Warriner Stuart , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Zysman-Colman Eli
Published: January 2025

Deep-red to near-infrared quinoxaline-containing donor–acceptor TADF emitters have been developed for solution-processed OLEDs.
Correction: Single glucose molecule transport process revealed by force tracing and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Pan Yangang , Zhang Yuebin , Gongpan Pianchou , Zhang Qingrong , Huang Siteng , Wang Bin , Xu Bingqian , Shan Yuping , Xiong Wenyong , Li Guohui , Wang Hongda
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘Single glucose molecule transport process revealed by force tracing and molecular dynamics simulations’ by Yangang Pan et al., Nanoscale Horiz., 2018, 3, 517–524, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NH00056E.
Constructing mechanosensitive signalling pathways de novo in synthetic cells
Authors: Hindley James W.
Published: January 2025

Biological mechanotransduction enables cells to sense and respond to mechanical forces in their local environment through changes in cell structure and gene expression, resulting in downstream changes in cell function. However, the complexity of living systems obfuscates the mechanisms of mechanotransduction, and hence the study of these processes in vitro has been critical in characterising the function of existing mechanosensitive membrane proteins. Synthetic cells are biomolecular compartments that aim to mimic the organisation, functionality and behaviours of biological systems, and represent the next step in the development of in vitro cell models. In recent years, mechanosensitive channels have been incorporated into synthetic cells to create de novo mechanosensitive signalling pathways. Here, I will discuss these developments, from the molecular parts used to construct existing pathways, the functionality of such systems, and potential future directions in engineering synthetic mechanotransduction. The recapitulation of mechanotransduction in synthetic biology will facilitate an improved understanding of biological signalling through the study of molecular interactions across length scales, whilst simultaneously generating new biotechnologies that can be applied as diagnostics, microreactors and therapeutics.
NBCDC‐YOLOv8: A new framework to improve blood cell detection and classification based on YOLOv8
Authors: Chen Xuan , Li Linxuan , Liu Xiaoyu , Yin Fengjuan , Liu Xue , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Wang Yufeng , Meng Fanbin
Published: January 2025

In recent years, computer technology has successfully permeated all areas of medicine and its management, and it now offers doctors an accurate and rapid means of diagnosis. Existing blood cell detection methods suffer from low accuracy, which is caused by the uneven distribution, high density, and mutual occlusion of different blood cell types in blood microscope images, this article introduces NBCDC‐YOLOv8: a new framework to improve blood cell detection and classification based on YOLOv8. Our framework innovates on several fronts: it uses Mosaic data augmentation to enrich the dataset and add small targets, incorporates a space to depth convolution (SPD‐Conv) tailored for cells that are small and have low resolution, and introduces the Multi‐Separated and Enhancement Attention Module (MultiSEAM) to enhance feature map resolution. Additionally, it integrates a bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN) for effective multi‐scale feature fusion and includes four detection heads to improve recognition accuracy of various cell sizes, especially small target platelets. Evaluated on the Blood Cell Classification Dataset (BCCD), NBCDC‐YOLOv8 obtains a mean average precision (mAP) of 94.7%, and thus surpasses the original YOLOv8n by 2.3%.
A two‐level optimal scheduling control strategy for air source heat pump loads with phase change energy storage
Authors: Liu Meng , Xie Xin , Yang Wenhui , Xu Fujia , Gao Song , Ding Lei , Liang Haiping
Published: January 2025

Reasonable scheduling and control of air‐source heat pumps (ASHPs) contribute to reducing operational costs for users while encouraging their participation in grid demand response. This article proposes a two‐layer optimal scheduling and control strategy for ASHP loads incorporating phase change energy storage (PCES). First, an electricity‐heat coupling model for ASHP loads is proposed. This model integrates PCES technology and considers the influence of outlet water temperature, ambient temperature, and the cold island effect on the coefficient of performance. Subsequently, a PCES capacity configuration model is established with the objective of maximizing the overall benefits of the PCES device. Finally, a two‐layer optimal scheduling and control strategy for ASHPs is introduced: The upper‐layer model employs model predictive control to minimize heating costs based on user comfort, leveraging PCES and building thermal storage characteristics, in conjunction with time‐of‐use electricity pricing. The lower‐layer model schedules periodic start–stop cycles of the ASHP units to respond to the upper‐layer power demand and mitigates the impact of the cold island effect on ASHP performance through unit interval sequencing. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy reduces the daily operation cost and power consumption by 38.9% and 25.0%, respectively, significantly improving the building's regulation capability.
State‐of‐the‐art of cybersecurity in the power system: Simulation, detection, mitigation, and research gaps
Authors: Beikbabaei Milad , Mehrizi‐Sani Ali , Liu Chen‐Ching
Published: January 2025

In a power system, the communication link can be compromised by intruders who can launch cyberattacks by capturing data packets, sending falsified packets, or stopping data packets from reaching their destination. Moreover, intruders can compromise control devices using supply chain attacks, firmware patching attacks, and insider attackers. Numerous cyberattacks have been reported previously, and cyberattacks are becoming more frequent since attackers are aware of their socioeconomic impacts. Extensive research has been conducted on developing platforms to simulate cyberattacks, studying different types of cyberattacks, investigating the adverse effects of a successful cyberattack on different components of the power system, designing ways to detect anomalies in the power system using electrical measurements, and proposing ways to mitigate the adverse effects of the detected cyberattack. This paper presents a review of state‐of‐the‐art of cybersecurity in the power system, reviewing available simulation tools for studying the cybersecurity of the power system, classifying components of the power system vulnerable to cyberattacks, and summarizing the adverse effects of a successful cyberattack on each component in the power system. Furthermore, different types of cyberattacks and detection and mitigation methods are classified. Research gaps in the cybersecurity of the power system are also discussed.
ELW‐CNN: An extremely lightweight convolutional neural network for enhancing interoperability in colon and lung cancer identification using explainable AI
Authors: Opee Shaiful Ajam , Eva Arifa Akter , Noor Ahmed Taj , Hasan Sayem Mustak , Mridha M. F.
Published: January 2025

Cancer is a condition in which cells in the body grow uncontrollably, often forming tumours and potentially spreading to various areas of the body. Cancer is a hazardous medical case in medical history analysis. Every year, many people die of cancer at an early stage. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately and early identify cancer to effectively treat and save human lives. However, various machine and deep learning models are effective for cancer identification. Therefore, the effectiveness of these efforts is limited by the small dataset size, poor data quality, interclass changes between lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, difficulties with mobile device deployment, and lack of image and individual‐level accuracy tests. To overcome these difficulties, this study proposed an extremely lightweight model using a convolutional neural network that achieved 98.16% accuracy for a large lung and colon dataset and individually achieved 99.02% for lung cancer and 99.40% for colon cancer. The proposed lightweight model used only 70 thousand parameters, which is highly effective for real‐time solutions. Explainability methods such as Grad‐CAM and symmetric explanation highlight specific regions of input data that affect the decision of the proposed model, helping to identify potential challenges. The proposed models will aid medical professionals in developing an automated and accurate approach for detecting various types of colon and lung cancer.
A two‐channel data and power synchronous transmission method for SRG‐integrated power networks through piecewise composite modulation
Authors: Wang Tan , Shao Zhiyi , Yang Kunbo , Yu Dongsheng , Yu Samson Shenglong , Hu Yihua
Published: January 2025

Reliable communication is key to achieving remote control, status monitoring, and early fault detection in SRG‐integrated power networks. This paper proposes a novel piecewise composite modulation method to simultaneously modulate data and power during the excitation and power generation stages in each phase of an SRG system. By adopting a frequency‐shift keying modulation strategy, two‐channel data can be modulated and injected into the bus voltage as voltage ripples, allowing for more efficient use of the bus voltage frequency band. Welch's algorithm‐based power spectrum method is innovatively employed to demodulate the transmitted data on the SRG's output bus. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of the proposed data and power synchronous transmission (DPST) strategy, which shows significant potential in SRG‐integrated power networks.
An active‐support control strategy for multi‐winding medium‐frequency power electronics transformer for renewable generation
Authors: Li Xuejiao , Man Jiawei , Wang Mingyan , Zhu Bingda , Liu Chuang
Published: January 2025

A high proportion of renewable energy is connected to the current power grid through power electronics interface devices, which makes the power system to have the low‐inertia dynamic characteristics. In order to improve the inertial response and voltage supporting capability, this article proposes a third‐order model of the synchronous generator based active support control strategy for the power electronics transformer (PET) based on a single multi‐winding medium‐frequency transformer (MWMFT) and AC choppers (ACCs) for renewable generation. First, the structure of the multi‐winding medium‐frequency power electronics transformer (MWMFPET) is introduced. Second, the average model of the MWMFPET is especially established through two modulation ratios. Third, the active support control strategy for this PET has been elaborated in detail. Finally, the simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for the MWMFPET.
Approaching ballistic motion in 3D simulations of gamma-ray burst jets in realistic binary neutron star merger environments
Authors: Dreas E. , Pavan A. , Ciolfi R. , Celotti A.
Published: January 2025

Context. The concomitant observation of gravitational wave and electromagnetic signals from a binary neutron star (BNS) merger in 2017 confirmed that these events can produce relativistic jets responsible for short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs). The complex interaction between the jet and the surrounding post-merger environment shapes the angular structure of the outflow, which is then imprinted in the prompt and afterglow sGRB emission.

Aims. The outcome of relativistic (magneto)hydrodynamic simulations of jets piercing through post-merger environments is often used as input to compute afterglow signals that can be compared with observations. However, for reliable comparisons, the jet propagation should be followed until nearly ballistic regimes, in which the jet acceleration is essentially over and the angular structure is no longer evolving. This condition is typically reached in 2D simulations, but not in 3D ones. Our goal is to extend a (specific) jet simulation in 3D up to a nearly ballistic phase and analyse the overall dynamical evolution from the jet breakout.

Methods. Our work is based on a previous 3D magnetohydrodynamic jet simulation employing a realistic environment imported from a BNS merger simulation, extended here far beyond the evolution time originally covered. After approximately 3 seconds of the jet evolution on the original spherical grid, we remapped the system into a uniform Cartesian grid and reached about 10 seconds without loss of resolution.

Results. The specific jet considered here struggled to pierce the dense surroundings, resulting in a rather asymmetrical emerging outflow with a relatively low Lorentz factor. Analysis of the energy conversion processes and corresponding acceleration showed that at the end of our simulation, 98% of the energy is in kinetic form. Moreover, at that time the angular structure is frozen. We thus obtained suitable inputs for computing the afterglow emission. Our procedure is general and applicable to any jet simulation of the same kind.
The diversity of strongly interacting Type IIn supernovae
Authors: Salmaso I. , Cappellaro E. , Tartaglia L. , Anderson J. P. , Benetti S. , Bronikowski M. , Cai Y.-Z. , Charalampopoulos P. , Chen T.-W. , Concepcion E. , Elias-Rosa N. , Galbany L. , Gromadzki M. , Gutiérrez C. P. , Kankare E. , Lundqvist P. , Matilainen K. , Mazzali P. A. , Moran S. , Müller-Bravo T. E. , Nicholl M. , Pastorello A. , Pessi P. J. , Pessi T. , Petrushevska T. , Pignata G. , Reguitti A. , Sollerman J. , Srivastav S. , Stritzinger M. , Tomasella L. , Valerin G.
Published: January 2025

Context. At late stages, massive stars experience strong mass-loss rates, losing their external layers and thus producing a dense H-rich circumstellar medium (CSM). After the explosion of a massive star, the collision and continued interaction of the supernova (SN) ejecta with the CSM power the SN light curve through the conversion of kinetic energy into radiation. When the interaction is strong, the light curve shows a broad peak and high luminosity that lasts for several months. For these SNe, the spectral evolution is also slower compared to non-interacting SNe. Notably, energetic shocks between the ejecta and the CSM create the ideal conditions for particle acceleration and the production of high-energy (HE) neutrinos above 1 TeV.

Aims. We study four strongly interacting Type IIn SNe, 2021acya, 2021adxl, 2022qml, and 2022wed, in order to highlight their peculiar characteristics, derive the kinetic energy of their explosion and the characteristics of the CSM, infer clues on the possible progenitors and their environment, and relate them to the production of HE neutrinos.

Methods. We analysed spectro-photometric data of a sample of interacting SNe to determine their common characteristics and derive the physical properties (radii and masses) of the CSM and the ejecta kinetic energies and compare them to HE neutrino production models.

Results. The SNe analysed in this sample exploded in dwarf star-forming galaxies, and they are consistent with energetic explosions and strong interaction with the surrounding CSM. For SNe 2021acya and 2022wed, we find high CSM masses and mass-loss rates, linking them to very massive progenitors. For SN 2021adxl, the spectral analysis and less extreme CSM mass suggest a stripped-envelope massive star as a possible progenitor. SN 2022qml is marginally consistent with being a Type Ia thermonuclear explosion embedded in a dense CSM. The mass-loss rates for all the SNe are consistent with the expulsion of several solar masses of material during eruptive episodes in the last few decades before the explosion. Finally, we find that the SNe in our sample are marginally consistent with HE neutrino production.
Stellar obliquities of eight close-in gas giant exoplanets
Authors: Zak J. , Boffin H. M. J. , Sedaghati E. , Bocchieri A. , Balkoova Z. , Skarka M. , Kabath P.
Published: January 2025

The Rossiter–McLaughlin effect allows us to measure the projected stellar obliquity of exoplanets. From the spin-orbit alignment, planet formation and migration theories can be tested to improve our understanding of the currently observed exoplanetary population. Despite having the spin-orbit measurements for more than 200 planets, the stellar obliquity distribution is still not fully understood, warranting additional measurements to sample the full parameter space. We analyzed archival HARPS and HARPS-N spectroscopic transit time series of eight gas giant exoplanets on short orbits and derive their projected stellar obliquity λ. We report a prograde, but misaligned orbit for HAT-P-50b (λ = 41°−9+10), possibly hinting at previous high-eccentricity migration given the presence of a close stellar companion. We measure sky-projected obliquities that are consistent with aligned orbits for the rest of the planets: WASP- 48b (λ = −4° ± 4), WASP-59b (λ = 1°−21+20), WASP-140 Ab (λ = −1° ± 3), WASP-173 Ab (λ = 9° ± 5), TOI-2046b (λ = 1° ± 6), HAT-P-41 Ab (λ = − 4°−6+5), and Qatar-4b (λ = − 13°−19+15). We measure the true stellar obliquity ψ for four systems. We infer a prograde, but misaligned, orbit for TOI-2046b with ψ = 42−8+10 deg. Additionally, ψ = 30°−15+18 for WASP-140 Ab, ψ = 21°−10+9 for WASP-173 Ab, and ψ = 32°−13+14 for Qatar-4b. The aligned orbits are consistent with slow disk migration, ruling out violent events that would excite the orbits over the history of these systems. Finally, we provide a new age estimate for TOI-2046 of at least 700 Myr and for Qatar-4 of at least 350–500 Myr, contradicting previous results.
A numerical study of unusual flux decreases for cosmic ray protons and electrons observed by Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer in 2017
Authors: Yang Yadi , Luo Xi , Song Xiaojian , Xu Weiwei , Potgieter Marius S.
Published: January 2025

Aims. Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS), installed on the International Space Station, delivers precision measurements of cosmic proton fluxes and electron fluxes, providing unique inputs to further improve our understanding of the solar modulation of cosmic protons and electrons. The latest measurements published by AMS show significant decreases in daily cosmic proton fluxes and electron fluxes in the second half of 2017 (approximately from June 11, 2017 to December 23, 2017). A special structure, known as a loop, appears in the electron-proton hysteresis during this period. These declining fluxes, as well as their recovery toward solar minimum modulation, could be attributed to solar wind structures such as global merged interaction regions (GMIRs), which can affect cosmic ray flux for several months, as well as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We aim to find the reason for the decrease and clarify the solar modulation mechanism underlying the loop structure.

Methods. We developed a 3D numerical model based on Parker transport equation, which is solved as a set of stochastic differential equations, combined with diffusion barriers propagating away from the Sun. Correspondingly, the relevant parameters can be tuned up.

Results. The unusual changes in cosmic proton fluxes and electron fluxes in the second half of 2017 could be caused by CMEs and GMIRs. The decreases in these fluxes in 2017, with rigidities below 11 GV, have been successfully reproduced. Daily variations at Earth in terms of the diffusion coefficients (and their mean-free paths) were subsequently obtained. Furthermore, our simulation reveals that the electron-proton hysteresis loop structure in 2017 results from the different responses of protons and electrons to solar modulation, especially with respect to drift and diffusion processes in the heliosphere.
KiDS-Legacy: Angular galaxy clustering from deep surveys with complex selection effects
Authors: Yan Ziang , Wright Angus H. , Elisa Chisari Nora , Georgiou Christos , Joudaki Shahab , Loureiro Arthur , Reischke Robert , Asgari Marika , Bilicki Maciej , Dvornik Andrej , Heymans Catherine , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Jalan Priyanka , Joachimi Benjamin , Francesco Lesci Giorgio , Li Shun-Sheng , Linke Laila , Mahony Constance , Moscardini Lauro , Napolitano Nicola R. , Stölzner Benjamin , Von Wietersheim-Kramsta Maximilian , Yoon Mijin
Published: January 2025

Photometric galaxy surveys, despite their limited resolution along the line of sight, encode rich information about the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe thanks to the high number density and extensive depth of the data. However, the complicated selection effects in wide and deep surveys can potentially cause significant bias in the angular two-point correlation function (2PCF) measured from those surveys. In this paper, we measure the 2PCF from the newly published KiDS-Legacy sample. Given an r-band 5σ magnitude limit of 24.8 and survey footprint of 1347 deg2, it achieves an excellent combination of sky coverage and depth for such a measurement. We find that complex selection effects, primarily induced by varying seeing, introduce over-estimation of the 2PCF by approximately an order of magnitude. To correct for such effects, we apply a machine learning-based method to recover an organised random (OR) that presents the same selection pattern as the galaxy sample. The basic idea is to find the selection-induced clustering of galaxies using a combination of self-organising maps (SOMs) and hierarchical clustering (HC). This unsupervised machine learning method is able to recover complicated selection effects without specifying their functional forms. We validate this SOM+HC method on mock deep galaxy samples with realistic systematics and selections derived from the KiDS-Legacy catalogue. Using mock data, we demonstrate that the OR delivers unbiased 2PCF cosmological parameter constraints, removing the 27σ offset in the galaxy bias parameter that is recovered when adopting uniform randoms. Blinded measurements on the real KiDS-Legacy data show that the corrected 2PCF is robust to the SOM+HC configuration near the optimal set-up suggested by the mock tests.
Constraints on the properties of macroscopic transport in the Sun from combined lithium and beryllium depletion
Authors: Buldgen G. , Noels A. , Amarsi A. M. , Nandal D. , Pezzotti C. , Scuflaire R. , Deal M. , Grevesse N.
Published: January 2025

Context. The Sun is a privileged laboratory of stellar evolution, thanks to the quality and complementary nature of available constraints. Using these observations, we are able to draw a detailed picture of its internal structure and dynamics, which forms the basis of the successes of solar modelling. Amongst such observations, constraints on the depletion of lithium and beryllium are key tracers of the required efficiency and extent of macroscopic mixing just below the solar convective envelope. Thanks to revised determinations of these abundances, we may use them in conjunction with other existing spectroscopic and helioseismic constraints to study in detail the properties of macroscopic transport.

Aims. We aim to constrain the efficiency of macroscopic transport at the base of the solar convective zone (BCZ) and determining the compatibility of the observations with a suggested candidate linked with the transport of angular momentum in the solar radiative interior.

Methods. We use recent spectroscopic observations of lithium and beryllium abundance and include them in solar evolutionary model calibrations. We test the agreement of such models in terms of position of the convective envelope, helium mass fraction in the convective zone, sound speed profile inversions, and neutrino fluxes.

Results.We constrain the required efficiency and extent of the macroscopic mixing at the base of the BCZ, finding that a power-law density with an index, n, between 3 and 6 would reproduce the data, with efficiencies at the BCZ of about 6000 cm2/s, depending on the value of n. We also confirm that macroscopic mixing worsens the agreement with neutrino fluxes and that the current implementations of the magnetic Tayler instability are unable to explain the observations.
Signs of ‘Everything Everywhere All at Once’ formation in low-surface-brightness globular-cluster-rich dwarf galaxies
Authors: Ferré-Mateu A. , Gannon J. , Forbes D. A. , Romanowsky A. J. , Buzzo M. L. , Brodie J. P.
Published: January 2025

Context. Only two ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) have spatially resolved stellar population properties, showing flat to rising metallicity profiles, indicative of a different formation pathway than most dwarf galaxies. The scarcity of other low-surface-brightness (LSB) dwarfs with a similar analysis prevents a deeper understanding of this behaviour.

Aims. We investigated the radial profiles of the ages, metallicities, and star formation histories of four globular cluster (GC)-rich LSB dwarfs, newly observed as part of the ‘Analysis of Galaxies At The Extremes’ (AGATE) collaboration. DFX1 and DF07 are bona fide UDGs, while PUDG-R27 and VCC 1448 are ‘nearly UDGs’. Comparing their and DF44’s properties to simulations, we aim to reveal their formation pathways.

Methods. We used the full-spectral-fitting code pPXF to fit different spectra extracted in annular apertures in a bid to recover the stellar population properties and compute their gradients. We compared these results with a sample of literature classical dwarfs and simulations, in particular simulated UDGs.

Results. Our five LSB dwarfs have flat age and flat to rising metallicity profiles. Such age gradients are compatible with those of classical dwarfs (observed and from cosmological simulations), but the metallicity gradient diverges. All of our LSB dwarfs (except for PUDG-R27, which shows a pronounced increasing metallicity) are compatible with being on the extreme tail of the age–metallicity gradient relation, suggesting a coeval formation, forming the galaxy all at once.

Conclusions. This sample of GC-rich LSB dwarfs with spatially resolved properties provides further evidence that they follow a different formation path than classical dwarfs. However, larger samples with higher-S/N spectra and varying amounts of GC richness are required to set robust constraints on the formation pathways of LSB dwarf galaxies.
Tourist Circuits Map Mechanism for Developing Mountain Tourism: An Applied Study of the Sefrou Province
Authors: Chami Jaouad , Elbachiri Zouhir , En-Nejymy Mohamed , Achkir Hadou , El Khalki Yahya , El Azzioui Said
Published: January 2025

The geological and geomorphological sites in the Sefrou region of Morocco represent key assets for sustainable mountain tourism, given their diversity and richness in landscape natural phenomena. These sites constitute a significant attraction for tourists interested in nature and adventure, contributing to the development of the local economy and the creation of new job opportunities. Scientific studies confirm the effectiveness of utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in planning and developing mountain tourism, specifically through the creation of precise tourist maps that facilitate the exploration of these sites for visitors. This study has led to the identification of 32 distinct geological and geomorphological sites in the Sefrou region and the design of three primary mountain tourism trails. These trails allow visitors to enjoy stunning natural landscapes and discover rock formations, caves, and valleys, in addition to learning about the geological history of the region. This study represents a significant step towards strengthening sustainable mountain tourism in the Sefrou region, by providing accurate and comprehensive information to tourists and highlighting the importance of preserving these unique natural sites for future generations
Opening Address
Authors: Bode Florin
Published: January 2025

The 9th edition of the EENVIRO Conference (EENVIRO 2024) EU-CONEXUS EENVIRO Research Conference Bucharest, was held on 28 October - 01 November 2024, at Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, bringing together researchers, practitioners, industry experts, and policy makers to discuss recent developments, emerging trends, and innovative solutions in environmental engineering and sustainable development. Throughout the conference, we explored cutting-edge research on energy efficiency, green building technologies, resource management, and climate resilience—core areas central to the EENVIRO mission of promoting a smarter and greener future.
Unveiling an Untold Legacy: The History of the North American Skull Base Society from the Recollections of Early Presidents
Authors: Groff Karenna J. , Patel Aneek , Suryadevara Carter M. , Kurland David B. , Save Akshay , Pacione Donato , Golfinos John G. , Snyderman Carl H. , Sen Chandranath
Published: January 2025

Introduction Skull base surgery is a highly innovative, multidisciplinary field that brings together teams of neurosurgeons, otolaryngology-head and neck surgeons (OHNS), plastic surgeons, ophthalmologists, radiation oncologists, and others. However, not long ago, the nascent field was instead characterized by isolated individual brilliance.

Methods This paper explores the contributions of several key players toward breaking silos and transforming the field into what it is today. Our analysis centers on the formation of the North American Skull Base Society (NASBS), and the instrumental role that it played in the development of skull base surgery. We interviewed 12 past presidents of the NASBS and 2 prominent figures in skull base surgery. The contents of those 20 hours and 38 minutes of interviews and documents from initial NASBS meetings were analyzed. Key moments were segmented into short video clips, which complement this manuscript and are available on the NASBS website.

Results A compelling narrative of collaboration, mentorship, and tenacity emerged from our analysis. In the 20th century, the field of skull base surgery was characterized mainly by courageous but isolated efforts by neurosurgeons and OHNS surgeons. Through mentorship, collaboration, and incredible innovation, it has since grown into a multidisciplinary, cutting-edge specialty that utilizes the strengths of several medical specialties. This transformation was largely facilitated by the formation of the NASBS in 1989, which enabled worldwide communication and collaboration among those dedicated to advancing the field.

Conclusion The growth of skull base surgery in North America and the instrumental role of the NASBS highlight the power of collaboration and innovation. It is important to recognize and celebrate the key players who facilitated the creation and success of the NASBS, which continues to unite young members across countless disciplines under one banner.