bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serious games supporting the prevention and treatment of alcohol and drugs consumption in youth: a systematic review (Preprint)
Authors: Martínez-Miranda Juan , Espinosa-Curiel Ismael Edrein
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

The consumption of alcohol and drugs, particularly in adolescents and young adults, has increased worldwide in the last years, representing a significant public health challenge. Serious games have the potential to support preventive and treatment interventions for substance use, facilitating the acquisition of relevant knowledge and the motivation of changes in attitudes and behaviours towards substance consumption.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to identify a set of main characteristics and reported results of current serious games addressed to support the prevention and treatment of alcohol and drugs consumption in adolescents and young adults.

METHODS

The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Original articles were identified, including serious games designed to support the prevention and treatment of alcohol and drugs consumption in adolescents and young adults. Data were retrieved from 2010 to 2021 using PubMed, Scopus (Elsevier), IEEE and ACM Digital as data sources. Authors individually screened the titles and abstracts and then full articles to obtain papers that met inclusion criteria.

RESULTS

A total of 558 records were obtained. After removing duplicates and analysing the inclusion criteria, 27 papers were fully reviewed. The information extracted from each paper included the type of substance addressed (alcohol and other drugs) by the serious game; the supported type of intervention (prevention or treatment); their theoretical or therapeutic roots; the computational techniques implemented in their development; the type of evaluation protocol and the reported results of the serious games.

CONCLUSIONS

There is an increment in the development of serious games for the prevention/treatment of substance use in comparison to previous similar reviews. Most of the identified serious games reported positive results from pilot studies, quasi-experimental studies and randomised control trials. Nevertheless, more studies are necessary to identify the long-term effects of these serious games and what specific game mechanics are more useful for preventive or treatment interventions.
Automatic Door Control System with Body Temperature Sensor
Authors: Mowade Dr. S. M. , Katre Akash , Nandanwar Akash , Singh Alok , Choudhary Akshay , Gaydhane Akash
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Conventional doors usually consist of key housing and a key saddle to open it in the current pandemic situation that has arisen due to covid-19, so every human being is required to take precautions such as wearing a mask , keeping a distance , washing hands , not touching anything if not unnecessary. Research method literature study, collection of supporting materials and tools, program Design and Realization, testing and Analysis of program Results, making final Report. The automatic door control system with a body temperature sensor is a prototype made to prevent spread of covid-19 by reducing direct physical contact this is spread through droplets attached to conventional doorknobs. Technology can be implemented in crowded areas such as shopping centers offices, restaurants that are placed in indoor areas that are not exposed to direct sunlight. Keywords: Arduino Uno 3, Infrared sensor, MLX90614 Temperature sensor, 16*2 LCD, Buzzer, L298N Motor driver, DC Motor, 12v Adapter, and LED.
Design Modification of Cluster Gear Shaft of Synchromesh Gearbox in Tractor
Authors: Jamnik Shubham , Fulmali Prof. S. M.
Published: April 2022

Abstract: A cluster shaft is a rotating member/machine element, which is used to transmit power from one place to another. A cluster shaft is a shaft that runs parallel to the main shaft in a gearbox, and carries the pinion wheels. The failure of the second gear mounted on the cluster shaft occurred due to wear and tear. The objectives of the paper is to study the existing cluster gear shaft, and providing the proper solution so as to avoid the failure of cluster gear shaft. There are various reasons due to the gear may fail, few of them could be application error, design error, manufacturing error or application error. According to American gear manufacturing association, the failures of gear can be classified into four major categories namely surface fatigue, wear, plastic, and breakage. It has been observed that in most of the cases the failure starts from the bearing. After FEM analysis it is found that the maximum equivalent stress occurred on the second gear which is equal to 12.45 MPa. Keywords: gear failure, wear, lubrication, misalignment.
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition for Motor Operation using Arduino
Authors: Patil Ashish Babasaheb
Published: April 2022

Abstract: SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) is a combination of software as well as hardware elements that allows industrial organization to control industrial processes locally or at remote location. This system allows you to continuously monitor, gather, and process real-time data. Directly interact with devices such as sensors, motor drives, microcontroller and more through human-machine interface (HMI) software i.e., SCADA. This project also allows you to record events and log into a file such as Microsoft Excel. Keywords: SCADA, Arduino Uno, Arduino IDE, Motor Control & Monitor
The End of Innocence
Authors: Garlen Julie C.
Published: April 2022

The global pandemic has dramatically impacted the lives of billions of children all over the world, creating a massive disruption in education and exacerbating existing multidimensional inequalities. Given the ubiquity of the virus’s reach, is COVID-19 the end of childhood innocence? Building on an understanding of childhood as social practice, I describe how childhood innocence has been enacted through, and pivotal to, education as a social practice since the late 19th century. I consider how the pandemic is challenging the normative views of childhood that have long informed teaching and learning and outline the possibilities for reimagining childhood and schooling in ways that could promote a radical transformation of public education for a post-pandemic world.
Canadian civilization: the essence and features of its formation
Authors: Komarov Andrey N.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of research is to reveal the key features of the Canadian civilization formed in the Modern history on the North American continent. The significance of this scientific research is that for the first time in Russian historiography, presents the key features of the Canadian civilization, which the author considers a special socio-cultural community. The article emphasizes that the Canadian civilization is distinguished by a number of specific features that differ from the traditional understanding of North American civilization as a whole. To achieve the result in his work, the author uses a comparative historical method and an interdisciplinary approach. When writing the article, the author relies on the achievements of domestic and foreign Canadian studies, as well as a source base illustrating the authors conclusions. In the course of writing the work, the author analyzes the election programs of Canadian political parties, the British North America Act and other important sources. A positive role for the author in the process of writing his article was played by his familiarization with the existing theories of civilizations. The results of the study led to the conclusion that the Canadian civilization is distinguished by the long-term coexistence within its framework of two nations: French-Canadian and Anglo-Canadian, close ties with the political traditions of Great Britain, the USA and France, as well as its northernness. Emphasizes that the Canadian civilization differs from the traditional Anglo-Saxon one precisely by the presence of the Roman factor, i.e. the presence of the French-Canadian question. The latter for a long time determines the origins of the existence of the Canadian civilization and forms its key features at the present stage of development. To achieve the result in his work, the author uses a comparative historical method and an interdisciplinary approach.
The role of Sultan Qaboos bin Said in the formation and implementation of Oman’s foreign policy
Authors: Akhmedova Nigina S. , Al-Yafai Ali Salih
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the role of Sultan Qaboos bin Said in the development and implementation of Omans foreign policy strategy. Having come to power in 1970 and remained on the throne for almost half a century, this wise and far-sighted ruler not only brought his country out of poverty and backwardness, but also turned it into one of the most successful and stable states in the Middle East. His foreign policy was aimed at enhancing the international prestige of the Sultanate and strengthening its influence in the region. The Omani diplomatic school, founded by Qaboos bin Said and based on political pragmatism and realism, moderate openness, caution and flexibility, demonstrates its effectiveness and professionalism.
Analysis and Computation of Extended Geometric Series and Summability
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: April 2022

This paper analyses how the extended geometric series behaves on the
computation of various parts of the series. This idea will enhance the
knowledge of researchers working in sequence, series, summability and
its applications.
Who really benefits from intraperitoneal chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer? A treatment-free survival analysis
Authors: Xiang Libing , Chen Yulian , shen lina , Guo Yi , Jiang Rong , Zhang Wen , Jia Huixun , Wu Zhenyu , Zang Rongyu
Published: April 2022

Objective: To investigate whether the extent of peritoneal disease may
predict the survival benefit from IP/IV therapy. Design: A TFS analysis.
Setting: Censored on August 27, 2020, the extended follow-up of AICE
(Additional Intraperitoneal Cisplatin and Etoposide in ovarian cancer)
trial. Population: Patients were categorized into the high tumor burden
(HTB) and low tumor burden (LTB) subgroups. Methods: Overall survival
(OS) was partitioned into time on protocol treatment exposure (T), time
to subsequent treatment initiation or death (TFS), and time after first
subsequent therapy or death (REL). TFS analyses and quality-adjusted OS
were calculated by multiplying mean time in each health state by its
assigned utility (Quality-adjusted OS =ut *T+TFS+urel *REL). Main
Outcome Measures: The area under each Kaplan-Meier curve was estimated
by the 96-month restricted mean time, with the threshold utility
analyses illustrating the quality-adjusted OS comparisons. Results: In
the HTB subgroup, restricted mean TFS was 33.9 months and 18.7 months in
the IP/IV and IV groups, respectively (difference, 15.2 months; 95%CI,
4.6 to 25.7; P = .005), with a significant quality-adjusted OS gain
(ranging from 13.2 to 16.0 months). In the LTB subgroup, there was no
survival benefit from IP/IV therapy in either TFS (difference, 7.1
months; 95%CI, -5.5 to 19.8; P = .268) or quality-adjusted OS (ranging
from 1.4 to 6.3 months). Conclusions: IP/IV therapy provided
significantly longer TFS and quality-adjusted OS across all values of
utility weights than standard IV therapy in the HTB subgroup, while
patients did not benefit from it in the LTB subgroup.
Parasitism and brood mortality in Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee (Megachile rotundata (Fabricius)), nesting in vacated comb cells of European Paper Wasp (Polistes dominula (Christ))
Authors: MacIvor Scott
Published: April 2022

Social paper wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) construct comb nests of tens to hundreds of brood cells that are abandoned each year before winter. The nests are positioned where they are protected from inclement weather and may remain intact for several years. Here, I detail observations of nests provisioned by the non-native, solitary Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee (Megachile rotundata (Fabricius, 1787); Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in individual brood cells in vacated combs of the invasive, social European Paper Wasp (Polistes dominula (Christ, 1791)) on a green roof in Toronto, Ontario. A total of 12 paper wasp combs were dissected and 280 M. rotundata nests (one per wasp comb cell) were recovered; 22 nests were provisioned in 2013 consisting of 32 individual M. rotundata brood cells. Parasitism by Melittobia and Monodontomerus wasps accounted for 46.9% of M. rotundata mortality in the cells in 2013; mortality from all causes, including parasitism, was 78.1%. In contrast, total mortality of M. rotundata in brood cells provisioned in a human-made bee nest box on the same roof in 2013 was 4.2% and there was no parasitism. Mortality by parasitism and total brood mortality in 391 brood cells provisioned in 41 nests in the bee nest box in 2011–2013 were 2.0% and 21.2%, respectively. Therefore, the use of vacated paper wasp comb cells resulted in an overall >20-fold increase in parasitism and >3-fold increase in brood mortality over that observed in the bee nest box when all years are combined.
Hellenistic Formal Receptions and Paul's Use of AΠANTHΣIΣ in 1 Thessalonians 4:17
Authors: COSBY MICHAEL R.
Published: April 2022

In 1930 Peterson published "Die Einholung des Kyrios," an article providing quotations from ancient papyri, inscriptions and literature in order to demonstrate that behind Paul's words in 1 Thess 4:17 stands the custom of the Hellenistic formal reception of a dignitary. This viewpoint, widely held among biblical scholars, states that Paul presupposed that his readers in Thessalonica would understand his description of the Parousia in light of such receptions. Thus the formal elements of these welcoming celebrations are unstated parts of the text because of Paul's use of the technical term AΠANTHΣIΣ. The present study, which ironically began as an attempt to strengthen Peterson's case, reveals that AΠANTHΣIΣ was not a technical term and that all of the main elements of Hellenistic receptions are missing from 1 Thess 4:15–17. An analysis of the ancient descriptions of these receptions shows that most of their usual elements are actually the opposite of what we find in Paul's description of the Parousia. Instead of being a cipher for understanding what Paul meant, they function more as a foil—a loose pattern to play against when describing the coming of the heavenly king.
Josephus' Portrait of Asa
Authors: FELDMAN LOUIS H.
Published: April 2022

Whereas the rabbinic tradition attacks King Asa of Judah for trusting in himself rather than in G-d and, in particular, for drafting the sages, Josephus, the apologist, omits such details and, indeed, whitewashes Asa completely. He is praised particularly, in language reminiscent of Josephus' portraits of Saul and David, as well as of Thucydides' Pericles, for putting his nation in order. In particular, Josephus emphasizes Asa's obedience to the ancestral laws. And yet, because he realized that his audience, consisting apparently primarily of non-Jews, would resent as intolerant the forcible destruction of idols, tree worship, and mystery cults, he omits such details. Because proselytism was such a burning issue at the time, in view of the Jews' apparently extraordinary success during this period in attracting converts, Josephus omits the passage that implies that Asa attracted proselytes to his army.
Pauline Authorship and the Pastoral Epistles: A Response to S. E. Porter
Authors: WALL ROBERT W.
Published: April 2022

This brief essay suggests an alternative to modern critical orthodoxy which equates historical authorship with canonicity. Rather than settling the issue of authorship on historical grounds, a canonical approach shifts the reference point of exegesis to the biblical Sitz im Leben, where authorship of a document posits it in an authoritative theological tradition. In this case, the Pauline address of the Pastorals locates these letters within (and not outside) the Pauline corpus and so supplies additional details and perspective to the authorized (i.e., canonical) witness of Paul for today's church.
2 Corinthians 2:14–4:6 and "New Covenant Hermeneutics" —A Response to Richard Hays
Authors: SLOAN, ROBERT B.
Published: April 2022

Does 2 Corinthians 3 provide a textual basis within the Pauline corpus for reader-response hermeneutics? This study engages that question by way of dialoguing with Richard B. Hays's monograph, Echoes of Scripture in the Letters of Paul. Hays's work deals with the question of whether modern Christian readers can "read Scripture as Paul read Scripture." To that end Hays proposes numerous prescriptions and constraints, the most provocative of which is central to the major hermeneutical thesis of his work. He writes (191): "No reading of Scripture can be legitimate if it fails to shape the readers into a community that embodies the love of God as shown forth in Christ." This constraint not only resonates with so-called reader response theories, but is exegetically grounded in Hays's reading of 2 Corinthians 3. This study argues that Hays's community-focused reading of the text does not adequately account for the specifically apostolic and/or Pauline features of 2 Corinthians 2:14 to 4:6. Whatever the merits, on other grounds, of Hays's hermeneutical prescriptions for reading scripture as Paul read scripture, this study argues that a sound exegesis of 2 Corinthians 3 does not in itself provide the ground for the hermeneutical conclusions to which Hays finally comes. The difference between Paul the apostle and the Corinthians as readers of his letters (and us) cannot be so easily effaced.
The Pauline Letter Closings: Analysis and Hermeneutical Significance
Authors: WEIMA JEFFREY A. D.
Published: April 2022

The contention of this article is that the Pauline letter closings are carefully constructed units, shaped and adapted in such way that they relate directly to—sometimes, in fact, even summarize—the major concerns and themes taken up in the bodies of their respective letters. Consequently, the letter closings aid in important ways our understanding of Paul's purpose, arguments and exhortation. The article begins by evaluating the reasons why the Pauline letter closings have been ignored in the past and offers in response suggestive comments about their potential significance. This claimed significance of the Pauline letter closings is then established by examining one of the closing conventions (the peace benediction) as it occurs in two of Paul's letters (1 Thess 5:23–24; Gal 6:16).
Jotham and Amon: Two Minor Kings of Judah According to Josephus
Authors: BEGG CHRISTOPHER
Published: April 2022

In the Bible the good king Jotham (see 2 Kgs 15:32–38//2 Chr 27:1–9) and his wicked descendant Amon (see 2 Kgs 21:19–26//2 Chr 33:21–25) are both quite minor figures. This essay explores the treatment of the two kings by Josephus in his Antiquities of the Jews (9:236–43, Jotham; 10.46–48, Amon) in relation to the biblical sources (as represented by MT, LXX and the Targums). From the comparison it emerges that Josephus does not drastically modify the source accounts of Jotham and Amon; also in his version they remain minor kings. On the other hand, his presentation of the royal pair is of interest as exemplifying many of the "rewriting techniques" employed by the historian throughout the biblical segment of the Antiquities.
The Return of the Ark according to Josephus
Authors: BEGG CHRISTOPHER
Published: April 2022

1 Sam 6:1–7:1 marks the third stage in the story of the ark's wanderings as related in the "Ark Narrative": after its capture by the Philistines (1 Samuel 4) and stay in Philistia (1 Samuel 5), the ark now returns to the land of Israel prior to its definitive transfer to Jerusalem (2 Samuel 6). This article investigates Josephus's retelling of the biblical account of the ark's return in Ant. 6.7–18 comparing this both with the major witnesses to the text of 1 Sam 6:1–7:1 (MT, 4QSama, LXX, and Targum) as well as extrabiblical traditions about the episode. Specific questions addressed include: the text-form(s) of 1 Sam 6:1–7:1 available to Josephus, the rewriting techniques applied by him, and the distinctive features of his presentation of the ark's homecoming.
Hebrews 1:6: Source and Significance
Authors: COCKERILL GARETH LEE
Published: April 2022

Καὶ προσκυνησάτωσαν αὐτῷ πάντες ἄγγελοι θεοῦ in Heb 1:6 is a quotation from a Greek translation of the Hebrew text of Deut 32:43 represented by 4QDeut32. The current text of Deut 32:43 in the LXX is a conflation of two Greek translations. One of these was the translation of the 4QDeut32 text used by Hebrews. The other was a translation of a Hebrew text like the MT. Since there are more differences between the two Greek translations than between the underlying Hebrew texts, it is likely that conflation occurred after translation into Greek. The original translation of the 4QDeut32 text read οἱ ἄγγελοι θεοῦ in Deut 32:43b rather than υἱοὶ θεοῦ. This translation is essential to the argument of Hebrews and is represented in our LXX by the Odes 2 version of Deut 32:43. Οἱ ἄγγελοι θεοῦ is more in line with the way the LXX translates the underlying Hebrew אלהים elsewhere. It makes much more sense as a translation of אלהים within the context of the Hebrew text represented by 4QDeut32. The writer of Hebrews was aware of the context of Deut 32:43 in his discussion of the Son, the sons, and the angels in Heb 1:4–14, 2:5–18, and 12:3–11.
The Unity of the Egyptian Hallel: Psalms 113–18
Authors: HAYES ELIZABETH
Published: April 2022

Discourse analysis provides the paradigmatic techniques that demonstrate the unity of the Egyptian Hallel at the textual level. A stretch of text is recognized as a discourse when it contains elements of cohesion, coherence, and prominence. Cohesion is determined by semantic factors. Coherence is determined by meaningful thematic flow, including evidence of thematic peaking, or prominence. The presence of these three factors supports the unitary nature of the Egyptian Hallel text.
Psalm 73: Pilgrimage from Doubt to Faith
Authors: ALLEN LESLIE C.
Published: April 2022

A fresh translation of Psalm 73 with textual notes is provided. In form the psalm has elements of a thanksgiving song composed from a wisdom perspective. It celebrates the end of physical suffering and accompanying religious doubt. The poem is dominated by wordplays which describe first the psalmist's earlier view of himself as a loser over against the wicked and then his conviction that eventually they would fail, as surely as the wicked generation in the wilderness. God's moral providence would prevail.
David's Transfer of the Ark according to Josephus
Authors: BEGG CHRISTOPHER T.
Published: April 2022

The Bible twice relates the story of David's transfer of the ark to Jerusalem, once in 2 Samuel 6 and then, in greatly expanded form, in 1 Chronicles 13–16. This article studies Josephus' retelling of the episode in Ant. 7.78–89 in relation to the biblical sources (as represented by MT, Codex Vaticanus and the Lucianic/Antiochene MSS of the LXX, as well as the Targums). Among its findings: Josephus drew on the presentations of both Samuel and Chronicles. There are several clear instances of his dependence on a LXX-like text of Samuel (and Chronicles), but no equally clear-cut indications of his utilization of a MT-like text. Contentually, Josephus' version highlights the role of the priests vis-à-vis that of the Levites in the ark's transfer. David's role is likewise consistently accentuated, even while source suggestions of his arrogation of priestly prerogatives are eliminated. Finally, building on the LXX reading in 2 Sam 6:20, Josephus softens the vehemence of Michal's exchange with her husband, just as he also attempts to harmonize conflicting biblical data concerning her (lack of) progeny.
West Semitic Texts and the Book of Joshua
Authors: HESS RICHARD S.
Published: April 2022

Archaeologists often examine the book of Joshua in the light of questions that it raises concerning its context in the material culture. This essay proposes to consider the context of the book in light of the ancient world of texts. Conquest accounts, boundary descriptions, treaties and other forms of texts are common to both the Hebrew book of Joshua and written documents of the West Semitic world. Archives of Alalakh, Ugarit and neighboring Egyptian and Anatolian sources are surveyed for their contribution to the understanding of texts found in Joshua. Specific items of vocabulary and onomastics, as well as larger forms of literature, are consulted with the goal of placing various portions of the book in their literary context as documents whose heritage lies in the West Semitic scribal tradition.
The Evangelical Contribution to Understanding the (Early) History of Ancient Israel in Recent Scholarship
Authors: HOFFMEIER JAMES K.
Published: April 2022

Although some evangelical scholars have responded to the recent movement toward historical minimalism, not enough is being done. If responsible, evangelical, historical perspectives are to bring some balance to the scholarly debate, evangelical scholars must publish more of their work in academic presses and in trade journals where they cannot be ignored. For the present writer Egyptology and sojourn-exodus narratives are of special interest. It is concluded that the principal components of the biblical story of Israel's presence in Egypt, their enslavement, their departure, and their sojourn in the Sinai wilderness are consistent with archaeological evidence. There is little justification in the conclusion that the biblical narratives lack any historical basis, but are late fictions. The theological implications of this issue are not insignificant.
Melchizedek as a Messiah at Qumran
Authors: RAINBOW PAUL
Published: April 2022

Contrary to many scholars who argue or assume that the mysterious figure Melchizedek in 11QMelchizedek should be identified as an angel, perhaps as the angel Michael, this paper argues that he is a messianic figure perhaps even the Davidic Messiah. The angelic interpretation is problematic at several points, while the messianic interpretation coheres with Qumran's apparent expectation of a Messiah of Israel who would serve faithfully alongside an anointed priest. These two figures were perhaps thought of as counterparts to the "wicked king" (melki-resha) and the "wicked priest" (hak-kohen ha-rasha), arch enemies of the Qumran community.
Inaugurating the Kingdom of God and Defeating the Kingdom of Satan
Authors: EVANS CRAIG A.
Published: April 2022

IBR Jesus Project Paper 3. The exorcisms of Jesus constitute an essential component in his proclamation of the kingdom (or rule) of God. It is increasingly recognized that Jesus' message and ministry cannot be adequately understood if the exorcisms are not taken into account. The present essay argues that the exorcisms signify the reduction and destruction of Satan's kingdom, as God's kingdom breaks into the world.
Speaking Truthfully: Job's Friends and Job
Authors: PHILLIPS ELAINE A.
Published: April 2022

One of the critical challenges of the book of Job lies in the apparent discord between the strident declarations of Job in the course of the poetic dialogues and God's affirmation of Job's words at the end of the book. Equally puzzling is the precise nature of God's stinging rebuke of the three friends. A resolution to these conundrums might rest in an alternative interpretation of the Hebrew in Job 42:7,8.
How Big Was Nineveh? Literal versus Figurative Interpretation of City Size
Authors: Halton Charles
Published: April 2022

This article examines the incongruity between most modern translations of Jonah 3:3 and ancient textual and archaeological evidence concerning the size of Nineveh. Every modern solution intended to reconcile a literal rendering of the description in Jonah 3:3 with ancient evidence fails. However, reading Jonah 3:3 as a figure of speech perfectly conveys the author's intention of representing Nineveh as a very large city.
Femme Fatale Redux: Intertextual Connection to the Elijah/Jezebel Narratives in Mark 6:14–29
Authors: HOFFEDITZ DAVID M. , YATES GARY E.
Published: April 2022

In this article we trace important intertextual connections between the pericopes of the beheading of John in Mark's Gospel and the OT narratives surrounding the figures of Jezebel and Elijah. This form of intertextuality serves three key polemical purposes in Mark's narrative: 1. to highlight the culpability and despicability of Herodias in having John put to death by depicting her as another Jezebel–the epitome of female wickedness in the OT; 2. to demonstrate the irony of reversal in that the OT narrative has the word of the prophet putting the wicked queen to death, while in the NT, the word of the wicked queen succeeds in bringing about the death of the prophet; 3. to show that Jesus, as the Messiah, surpasses the one like Elijah. John the Baptist's ministry as a messianic forerunner ends in death; Jesus as Messiah experiences death that ends in the triumph of resurrection. Ultimately, these intertextual connections strengthen the role of Mark 6:14–29 as a key text in drawing the reader's attention to the identification of John as the eschatological Elijah and foreshadowing the suffering of Jesus of Nazareth.
Jesus' Royal Entry into Jerusalem
Authors: KINMAN BRENT
Published: April 2022

IBR Jesus Project Paper 4. Critical examination of Jesus' Entry into Jerusalem yields the conclusion that Jesus orchestrated for himself a provocative, royal entry to the city. The entry thus represents a significant shift in his self-presentation to Israel and sheds light on his trial before Pilate and his crucifixion. Nevertheless, despite its dramatic tone, it was modest in size and easily overlooked by the Roman authorities at Passover.
Cultural Criticism and Biblical Hermeneutics: Definition, Origins, Benefits, and Challenges
Authors: KLINGBEIL GERALD A.
Published: April 2022

Over the past 30 years, methods of hermeneutics in the context of biblical studies have diversified impressively. Even for the specialist it is often challenging to stay up-to-date in the labyrinth of new methodologies and proposals for biblical interpretation. Over the past decade, cultural criticism has become an important critical tool and has gained significant recognition. In the present study I seek, first, to define this hermeneutical phenomenon and describe its origins in the larger context of humanities. This is followed, second, by a summary of the methods, hermeneutical presuppositions and applications of cultural criticism by some of its more important practitioners. Third, I seek to evaluate how evangelical scholarship has reacted to and interacted with cultural criticism. Finally, some of the possible challenges of and benefits to a Bible-based hermeneutic are presented, including its missiological repercussions.
Exodus 34:29–35 and Moses' Shining Face
Authors: PHILPOT JOSHUA M.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the present study is twofold: (1) to deduce the meaning of Moses' shining face and his veil in Exod 34:29–35 and (2) to understand how these terms function in the context of the book of Exodus, chs. 32–34 specifically. Scholars rightly translate the verb קרן as "to shine," but there is no consensus as to its function. Unlike some interpretations, this article argues that Moses' shining face functions to signify God's goodness and grace to the Israelites, not his judgment and wrath. The attendant "veil" is more akin to a head-scarf and should not be confused with the veil of the tabernacle. The function of the veil is simple–it is worn as a response to the Israelites' fear in Exod 34:30 and used by Moses to conceal his face when he is not operating as a mediator.
Paul's Imprisonment as the Glory of the Ethnē: A Discourse Analysis of Ephesians 3:1–13
Authors: SHERWOOD AARON
Published: April 2022

In Eph 3:2, Paul is moved to interrupt his prayer for the audience by something he has said in v. 1, and he does not resume the prayer until 3:14, after the digression of vv. 2–13. The reason for Paul's digression and how it satisfactorily addresses whichever concern prompted it represents a lacuna in Ephesians scholarship. This essay engages in a discourse analysis of Eph 3:1–13 to clarify its structure, thereby revealing the purpose it serves in its immediate context as well as its role within the letter as a whole. So that the audience might accept his instruction, Paul argues that, because his imprisonment is defined by his apostleship, his imprisonment is not a source of shame that undermines God's purposes but rather a source of honor that confirms God's eschatological plan. Consequently, the prayer in 3:1, 14–19 now has behind it not just the audience's narratio of 1:20–22 but the joint force of the audience's narratio together with Paul's narratio in 3:1–13.
Limited Etching Time Increases Self-adhesive Resin Cement Adhesion to Enamel
Authors: Saravia-Rojas MÁ , Nima G , Geng-Vivanco R , Abuna GF , Tay LY , Puppin-Rontani RM
Published: April 2022

Aim

To evaluate the influence of different enamel etching times on the bond strength of two self-adhesive resin cements (RCs) with and without thermocycling (TMC).

Methods

One hundred twenty bovine teeth were used. Blocks of enamel (8×4×2mm) were obtained, polished, and randomly divided into two groups, according to the RC used: MaxCem Elite or RelyX U200. Groups were subdivided into four groups (n=16), according to the etching time: Control (0 seconds), 5 seconds, 10 seconds, and 20 seconds. Three RC cylinders (1-mm diameter) were built on each enamel block. The specimens were submitted to two storage conditions: 24 hours in distilled water or TMC (5000 cycles/5°C-55°C). Afterward, the specimens were submitted to the shear bond strength (SBS) test. The failure modes and adhesive interfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Data were analyzed with three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (α=0.05).

Results

Etching increased the SBS for both the RCs,especially forthe groups etched for 5 and 10 seconds. TMC affected negatively the SBS of the control groups (p<0.05). No resin tags were observed in control groups, and the formation of tags was time dependent.

Conclusion

The 10 seconds etching time was more effective in increasing the enamel–resin bond strength. TMC negatively affected bond strength in specimens without acid etching.
Spatial Variability of Soil Chemical Properties in Patna, Vaishali and Saran Districts Adjoining the Ganga River, Bihar, India
Authors:   Dept. of Soil Science, Tirhut college of Agriculture, Dholi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa,  Bihar (843 105), India, Singh Sanjay Kumar , Pal Subhajit ,   Dept. of Agriculture Chemistry and Soil Science, BCKV, Mohanpur, West Bengal (741 252), India, Singh Pankaj ,   Dept. of Soil Science, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar (848 125), India, Tiwari Sanjay ,   Dept. of Soil Science, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar (848 125), India, Kashiwar Sumedh R. ,   Zonal Agriculture Research Station, PDKV, Akola, Maharashtra (444 104), India, Kumar Ajeet ,   Dept. of Soil Science, Sugarcane Research Institute, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar (848 125), India
Published: April 2022

The spatial variability in soil nutrients was recorded during 2019-2020 at Patna, Vaishali and Saran districts of Bihar, India which are adjoined to Ganga river. The soil samples were collected from pin pointed locations using GPS device to obtain the exact local coordinates of each sampling site and subsequently the protocol for sampling procedure was followed. Then, soil properties, viz., pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and available iron (Fe) content were analysed in the laboratory. Descriptive statistics were applied to explain the normality status of soil properties The data of skewness and kurtosis for soil pH at 0–15 cm soil depth were negative (-0.72) and (-0.55). Standard deviation of available nitrogen, phosphorus and available iron was found equal to 1/3 of mean indicating the non-normality of the distribution of parameter of data. In sub-surface soil, the value of kurtosis was recorded negative values with pH, OC, available N whereas, positive data recorded with EC, available P, K and Fe respectively. The correlation coefficients indicated that organic carbon was positively correlated with available N, P and K and available iron had negative correlation. The negative correlation was also noticed with available iron with pH, EC, SOC, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at 0-15 cm soil depth. Spatial distribution maps of soil properties were developed for these districts using kriging interpolation techniques in a GIS environment. The generated maps of soil fertility parameter could be helpful to the farmers and policy makers.
Conocimientos y riesgos sobre el VPH y su relación con el cáncer cervicouterino en mujeres entre 20 y 59 años de edad
Authors: Flores Sánchez Alejandra , Rodríguez Medina Manuel Arnoldo , Rodríguez Morachis Manuel Alonso , Gómez Zepeda Perla Ivette , Pinto Santos Jorge Adolfo
Published: April 2022

Las enfermedades de transmisión sexual son, desde hace mucho tiempo, un punto recurrente en la investigación médica y han proporcionado un amplio campo de estudio cuya misión es determinar su origen, desarrollo y posibles mecanismos para combatirlas con el avance de fármacos, tratamientos y campañas. Esta investigación presenta una revisión de literatura que tiene como objetivo conocer el grado de información sobre el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) con el que cuentan las mujeres, así como los factores críticos de riesgo que lo causan y su relación con el cáncer cervicouterino. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de artículos científicos que abordaran la temática ya señalada en diversas bases de datos electrónicas entre los años 200l al 2015. La revisión permitió identificar 200 artículos, de los cuales solo 64 fueron seleccionados. Los tres temas principales relacionados con el VPH fueron: la relación VPH-cáncer cervical, el grado de desconocimiento que existe sobre el VPH y los factores críticos para su contagio. Estos artículos demuestran que los factores críticos de riesgo identificados para adquirir el virus fueron la multiparidad, el temprano inicio de la vida sexual y las múltiples parejas sexuales. Los resultados del análisis sistemático muestran que existe un alto porcentaje de mujeres con un desconocimiento de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual, una de ellas el VPH.
The role of subsidies in stabilising farm income: Evidence from Estonia
Authors: Aleksandrova Olha , Zhmykhova Tetiana , Viira Ants-Hannes
Published: April 2022

This study examines the role of agricultural subsidies in the farm income (FI) variation in Estonia in the period 2006–2019 using data from a balanced panel of Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) farms. FI variability is decomposed to three components: market income, total subsidies, and the cost of external factors. The results reveal that subsidies have a larger share in income of smaller farms. Variability of FI differs in farm size quartiles and is significantly lower in case of largest 25% of farms. Revenues are the largest source of variation of FI. While subsidies reduce FI variation, there is no evidence that they are counter-cyclical. We argue that in addition to subsidies, smaller farms need advice on farm management to increase market income, improve its stability, and expand farm size, as larger farms have more stable incomes despite relatively lower producer support estimate (PSE) levels.
Rubber Bullet-Induced Wound of the Cheek
Authors: Fesenko Ievgen
Published: April 2022

A 23-year-old male was directed to the Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital on January 19, 2014 due to severe left cheek injury (Panel A). The patient arrived at ~09:40 p.m. conscious and with a gauze bandage on his left cheek soaked in blood. Oral mucosa was not damaged. Crowns of the teeth were uninjured. The margins of the wound looked lacerated but vital, without characteristic powder burn. A skin and subcutaneous tissue defect measured ~1.5 × 1.5 cm in size was noted. The initial wound debridement was performed under the local anesthesia. The depth of the wound reached ~0.5 cm with no evidence of wound canal. No foreign bodies were noted. Part of Syspur-Derm® (Paul Hartmann, Germany), a soft spongy bandage, was individualized and sutured for temporary closure of skin defect. The antibiotic was prescribed and after two weeks the patient directed to plastic surgeon. According to media reports dated January 19, 2014, the employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (i.e., militsia―the name of police in January 2014) have applied rubber bullets against protesters on Hrushevskoho Street, Kyiv in January 19, 2014. In that time, militsia were subordinated to Zakharchenko Minister of Internal Affairs and President Yanukovych, both had escaped to Russia due to the multiple shootings of protesters on Instytutska Street, Kyiv. The patient told the doctor that injury was obtained on Hrushevskoho Street approximately one hour before. Further investigations of journalists revealed that the incriminated weapon was Fort-500. Fort-500 is a series of 12/76 mm pump-action rifles manufactured by the Research and Production Company “Fort” of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.3 Panel B demonstrates the appearance of “Teren-12P” rubber bullets (in gray color) without and in the chambers (i.e., shells or cartridges) (in white color). Data showed that such bullets were used for the Fort-500 at January 19. Characteristics of the “Teren-12P” ammunition:
• Caliber: 12.
• Length: 65 ± 1.8 mm.
• Diameter: 21.97… 22.45 mm.
• Bullet mass: 8.4 ± 0.5 g.
• Bullet flight speed 3.5 m from the muzzle: 140 ± 20 m/s.
“Teren-12P” ammunition with an elastic bullet of shock-traumatic action are designed and manufactured for firing from smoothbore rifles of 12th caliber with a chamber length of 70 mm. Such weapon and bullets belong to less-lethal weapon and are used in protest cases by some national polices.
Disentangling Country and Firm Level Effects on Firm Equity Ownership and Firm Financial Performance: An Exploratory Empirical Analysis
Authors: Krenn Mario
Published: April 2022

This study attempts to disentangle firm and country level effects on firm performance and firm ownership using hierarchical linear modeling. I argue that distinguishing country and firm level effects is complex in that firm level characteristics and strategic decision making are not independent of the national context but are embedded in both the national context and firm level stakeholder pressures. The results suggest greater country level effects for ownership than for performance. This pattern of results is consistent with stronger national level influences on ownership structure than on performance outcomes. This finding may reflect trends toward homogeneity due to the globalization of financial markets. Although I found little evidence that the identity of the largest equity owner influenced performance outcomes, several ownership classes were significant for the equation predicting the size of the largest shareholding.
Development of a Disclosure Index for Lease Accounting Policies: Evidence from Romanian Banks
Authors: Levanti Denis Adrian
Published: April 2022

Leasing is an important financing solution used by banks to carry out their daily operations. From a lessee perspective, IFRS 16 changed completely the accounting landscape for lease contracts. A right of use assets and a corresponding lease liability must be recognized in the lessees’ balance sheets. Additionally, extensive disclosures are required. This paper aims to study the extent to which Romanian banks comply with IFRS 16 disclosure requirements. The population includes 23 Romanian banks. To carry out this research, we employed the content analysis technique and reviewed the IFRS 16 disclosures from the 2020 IFRS financial statements. To measure compliance, we developed a dichotomous and unweighted disclosure checklist, which includes 34 items grouped into six categories. The results of our study revealed that, in the first year following the IFRS 16 transition, Romanian banks recorded an average 62% level of compliance with IFRS 16 disclosure requirements. There is a lot of room for improvement in the following years, especially for top ten ranked banks.
Load Lines of Transistor Circuits: A Unifying Educational Approach Using Blended Learning and Flipped Classroom
Authors: Pagiatakis Gerasimos , Voudoukis Nikolaos
Published: April 2022

The paper presents the application of the blended learning and flipped classroom principles to the teaching of the load line concept. Blended learning is a rapidly evolving approach towards the direction of actively engaging students in the learning process. Flipped classroom is a proposal, in the blended learning context, suggesting that in-class students’ activities, supported by educational material made available to them in advance, could replace the traditional pattern of lectures led by teachers followed by homework. The lesson was designed according to established design principles. The content was divided into two parts. The first part was the preparation material, which was mainly pre-existing resources. Such resources can be notes, slides, videos, etc. taking into account self-assessment tests and the difficulties faced by students on the topic. All the preparation material was available online. The second part was the in-class activities including various design and decision problems, debates and logical exercises. The students in the class worked individually and in groups also participating in a peer-review activity. The participating students on the flipped classroom approach evaluated the project with a quite positive view compared to the conventional teaching forms. The aim of this work is to present the concept and applications of the load line in a unified and mathematically straightforward manner and, at the same time, employ the blended-learning and “flipping-the-classroom” approach in order to enhance students’ understanding and learning outcomes.
Secured Electronic Voting System Using RSA Key Encapsulation Mechanism
Authors: Ahubele B. O. , Oghenekaro L. U.
Published: April 2022

A secured process whereas enumerating and casting of votes with the electronic aids with aim of improving the performance of electoral system is called E-voting (Electronic voting). Present e-voting mechanisms are faced with challenges such as confidentiality, integrity, verifiability, transparency, non-repudiation, and authenticity. In e-voting system, blockchain cryptography exists to protect voter’s records. Encryption as well as decryption prevents forgery and other electoral malpractices by confirming voter’s coherence and confidentiality. Rivest, Shamir, Adleman (RSA) is a crooked algorithm with trapdoor functionality which makes it difficult to factor a huge prime whole number as the product of multiplication into its component primes. RSA – Key Encapsulation Mechanism describes a hybrid encryption that makes use of unrelated keys for decryption and encryption along with a key derivation function. In this paper, a secured voting system using RSA Key Encapsulation Mechanism with two layers-Symmetric and Public key Layers was presented. RSA consist of three functions such as key generation, encryption, and decryption. In RSA-KEM, KDF3 built upon SHA-256, induction function is mainly for key generation. AES key wrap (Advanced-Encryption-Standard) provides key-wrapping functionality.