bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the lived experience of women with gestational diabetes: A cross‐sectional Irish national survey
Authors: Dunne Pauline , O'Mahony Louise , Culliney Linda , Byrne Molly , Murphy Andrew W. , O'Reilly Sharleen
Published: November 2024

Aim

Gestational diabetes (GDM) poses risks of short‐ and long‐term complications for mother and infant, emphasising the importance of antenatal and postpartum education and support. We aimed to understand the experiences and views of women with GDM in the Republic of Ireland.

Methods

Women with current or previous GDM were invited to complete an online cross‐sectional survey (April–June 2022). Recruitment utilised social media, local media and personal networks. The survey addressed demographics, GDM knowledge and experiences, breastfeeding and weight management during pregnancy and post‐pregnancy GDM support needs. Descriptive statistics were conducted, and between‐group comparisons were undertaken using the chi‐square test. Content analysis was applied to free text data.

Results

Amongst 231 respondents, most were aged 35–39 (42%); 70% experienced a single GDM pregnancy. Only 6% correctly identified their increased level of risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Under half (44.5%) of respondents reported sufficient time with health professionals to address GDM‐related questions. Just over half (54.3%) reported attending for diabetes screening at 6–12 weeks postpartum. The majority (66%) expressed a desire for postpartum information, particularly on healthy eating and physical activity. Having a more recent GDM experience was associated with a stronger preference for weaning (p ≤ 0.001) and weight management information (p = 0.025). Qualitative analysis identified inconsistencies in healthcare messaging, significant concerns about a GDM diagnosis' impact on the pregnancy experience, and financial costs of diagnosis.

Conclusions

The findings underscore women's desire for appropriate information and support during and after pregnancy with GDM. Future interventions should address these needs to effectively promote chronic disease prevention after GDM.
Effect of dapagliflozin on renal haemodynamics in hyperfiltering T2D patients
Authors: Cersosimo Eugenio , YueJuan Qin , Baskoy Gozde , Chavez Alberto , Barkhordarian Maryam , Hansis‐Diarte Andrea , Triplitt Curtis , DeFronzo Ralph A.
Published: November 2024

Aims

To investigate the effect of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor [SGLT‐2i] therapy on renal haemodynamics in T2D patients with glomerular hyperfiltration.

Materials and Methods

Sixty T2D patients with elevated [HYPER] and normal [NORMO] GFR were randomized to dapagliflozin 10 mg/day [DAPA/HYPER, n = 15; DAPA/NORMO, n = 15] or to metformin/glipizide [CONTROL/HYPER, n = 15; CONTROL/NORMO, n = 15] to reach similar glycaemic control after 4 months. GFR was measured with Iohexol and hyperfiltration was empirically defined as >125 mL/min/1.73 m2. GFR, renal plasma flow [RPF], mean arterial pressure [MAP], filtration fraction [FF], and renal vascular resistance [RVR] were determined before/after therapy.

Results

HbA1c decreased similarly in all 4 groups. GFR declined by ~18% in DAPA/HYPER and by ~7% in DAPA/NORMO and did not change in CONTROLS (p < 0.05 vs. DAPA). RPF remained unchanged in all four groups. Thus, FF (%) declined from 0.23 ± 0.01 to 0.18 ± 0.01 in DAPA/HYPER and from 0.17 ± 0.01 to 0.15 ± 0.01 in DAPA/NORMO and remained unchanged in CONTROLS (p < 0.05 vs. DAPA). MAP (mmHg) decreased from 95.4 ± 1.4 to 88.1 ± 1.3 in DAPA/HYPER and from 95.6 ± 1.3 to 91.8 ± 0.8 in DAPA/NORMO and remained unchanged in CONTROLS (p < 0.05 vs. DAPA). RVR [mmHg/L/min] declined in DAPA/HYPER (92.7 ± 7.8 to 80.4 ± 6.1) and DAPA/NORMO (90.1 ± 3.0 to 81.4 ± 2.1) but not in CONTROLS (p < 0.05 vs. DAPA).

Conclusions

Despite comparable glycaemic control, dapagliflozin treatment, but not metformin and /or glipizide, reduced glomerular hyperfiltration in T2D patients and decreased both filtration fraction and renal vascular resistance. These findings suggest that a post‐glomerular vasodilatory action of SGLT2 inhibitors contributes to their renal protective effect in T2D.
Is low‐dose glucagon needed and effective in preventing fasted exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes treated with the MiniMed 780G, an automated insulin delivery system?
Authors: Lundemose Sissel Banner , McCarthy Olivia M. , Christensen Merete Bechmann , Laugesen Christian , Bracken Richard M. , Holst Jens Juul , Ranjan Ajenthen Gayathri , Nørgaard Kirsten
Published: November 2024

Aim

To evaluate and compare the plasma glucose (PG) response during spontaneous fasted morning moderate‐intensity exercise with and without injection of subcutaneous glucagon in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated with an automated insulin delivery (AID) system.

Methods

Ten adults (four female) with T1D (age 50 [42–67] years, diabetes duration: 22 [14–44] years, HbA1c: 55 [47–69] mmol/mol) treated with the MiniMed™ 780G AID system participated in a proof‐of‐concept two‐period, crossover trial. Fasting participants undertook a 45 min bout of continuous moderate‐intensity (~60% V̇O2peak) exercise on a cycle ergometer followed by 1 h of rest. Before exercise, 150‐μg glucagon was administered subcutaneously on visit 1 (GLUC) but not on visit 2 (NO‐GLUC). Temporary target on the AID was activated 15 min before until 15 min after exercise cessation. Blood samples were taken at 5‐ and 15‐min intervals for measuring PG and biomarkers. Data were analysed using paired t tests or repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

Time in range (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) was 100% on both study visits. No hypoglycaemia (<3.9 mmol/L) occurred in either arm. The GLUC arm had significantly higher mean PG (p = 0.01), area under the PG curve (p = 0.01), coefficient of variation (p < 0.01), peak PG (p = 0.01) and PG at the end of exercise (p < 0.01). No differences in endogenous glucoregulatory hormones were observed between visits.

Conclusion

Adults with T1D treated with the MiniMed™ 780G can perform spontaneous fasted moderate‐intensity exercise without hypoglycaemia. Therefore, glucagon was not needed for prevention of hypoglycaemia in such situations.
The effect of altered sleep timing on glycaemic outcomes: Systematic review of human intervention studies
Authors: Slebe Romy , Splinter Jane J. , Schoonmade Linda J. , Blondin Denis P. , Campbell David J. T. , Carpentier André C. , Després Jean‐Pierre , Hoeks Joris , Kalsbeek Andries , Raina Parminder , Schrauwen Patrick , Serlie Mireille J. , Stenvers Dirk Jan , Yi Chun‐Xia , de Mutsert Renée , Beulens Joline W. J. , Rutters Femke
Published: November 2024

Aims

Alterations in sleep timing can lead to disturbances in glycaemic control, although the evidence is inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review summarizes results from human intervention studies of altered sleep timing on glycaemic outcomes.

Materials and Methods

As part of a broader search on the effect of altering timing of sleep, physical activity and dietary intake, Medline and Embase were searched from inception to February 2023, and subsequent reference searches were done. With the help of a machine learning–aided program ‘ASReview’, we selected any type of intervention study in the general adult population, which acutely delayed sleep by ≥2 h for at least one night, while the total time in bed was the same between early and late sleep. Quality assessment was done using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies.

Results

In total, 14 studies (159 adults with normal or increased weight) were identified. Methodological quality was high (n = 4), moderate (n = 7) or low (n = 3). Acute delays of sleep onset showed unfavourable effects in 10 out of 27 measured glycaemic outcomes (one–six studies reported on each outcome) with outcomes mostly measured in the postprandial period, compared to (early) nighttime sleep.

Conclusions

Acutely delaying sleep timing might have unfavourable effects on glycaemic outcomes, compared to (early) nighttime sleep. Future research does however need better controlled trials, also measuring and controlling sleep quantity, sleep quality, physical activity and dietary intake, with longer follow‐up periods, consistent outcomes and designs and more diverse populations to provide targeted advice regarding the optimal timing for sleep.

Protocol registration

This review is part of a larger search ‘The effect of altering timing of physical activity, sleep and energy intake on glycaemia and Type 2 Diabetes risk in humans’, of which the protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database on 27 November 2021 under number: CRD42021287828.
Expert opinions on pharmacological symptomatic treatment of behavioral symptoms in frontotemporal dementia: A survey of the Neuropsychiatric International Consortium on Frontotemporal Dementia (NIC‐FTD)
Authors: van Paassen Dirk , Hartog Luc , de Boer Sterre , Vijverberg Everard , Ducharme Simon , Pijnenburg Yolande , Santillo Alexander
Published: November 2024

Background and purpose

Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is essentially characterized by progressive changes in personality and cognition. Clinically, bvFTD presents with often profound behavioral symptomatology. Despite the high burden of these symptoms for both patients and caregivers, there is no general consensus on an effective pharmacological symptomatic treatment. Interestingly, for multiple similar symptoms in primary psychiatric disorders, there is consensus on an effective pharmacological treatment. The aim of this study is to explore currently preferred clinical practices in the pharmacological treatment of specific core behavioral symptoms in bvFTD by world‐leading clinical experts.

Methods

A digital survey was conducted among members of the Neuropsychiatric International Consortium on Frontotemporal Dementia, comprising neurologists, psychiatrists, and neuropsychiatrists. Respondents recommended pharmacological treatments targeting symptoms including disinhibition, apathy, loss of empathy, hyperorality, perseverative/compulsive behaviors, and positive psychotic symptoms.

Results

Of 48 respondents with a median experience of 11.5 years in treating bvFTD, disinhibition was most frequently targeted (58.4%), followed by perseverative/compulsive behaviors (46.5%). Recommended drug classes included atypical antipsychotics (35.1%), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (31.2%), antiepileptics (10.0%), serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (8.4%), benzodiazepines (4.0%), and others (11.4%).

Conclusions

Our survey revealed diverse pharmacological treatment practices for behavioral symptoms in bvFTD, reflecting the expected radical heterogeneity in pharmacological treatment strategies. Notwithstanding this, results from this explorative survey could further inform future research directions, and thus in turn potentially aid in establishing more consensus on effective pharmacological management of bvFTD, while the field awaits the development of highly anticipated disease‐modifying treatment(s).
Ablation of CCL17‐positive hippocampal neurons induces inflammation‐dependent epilepsy
Authors: Eberhard Judith , Henning Lukas , Fülle Lorenz , Knöpper Konrad , Böhringer Jana , Graelmann Frederike J. , Hänschke Lea , Kenzler Julia , Brosseron Frederic , Heneka Michael T. , Domingos Ana I. , Eyerich Stefanie , Lochner Matthias , Weighardt Heike , Bedner Peter , Steinhäuser Christian , Förster Irmgard
Published: November 2024

Objective

Neuronal cell death and neuroinflammation are characteristic features of epilepsy, but it remains unclear whether neuronal cell death as such is causative for the development of epileptic seizures. To test this hypothesis, we established a novel mouse line permitting inducible ablation of pyramidal neurons by inserting simian diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor (DTR) cDNA into the Ccl17 locus. The chemokine CCL17 is expressed in pyramidal CA1 neurons in adult mice controlling microglial quiescence.

Methods

Seizure activity in CCL17‐DTR mice was analyzed by electroencephalographic recordings following treatment with DT for 3 consecutive days. Neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death were evaluated by (immuno)histochemistry. Pharmacological inhibition of TNFR1 signaling was achieved by treatment with XPro1595, a dominant‐negative inhibitor of soluble tumor necrosis factor.

Results

Neuronal cell death was detectable 7 days (d7) after the first DT injection in heterozygous CCL17‐DTR mice. Spontaneous epileptic seizures were observed in the vast majority of mice, often with an initial peak at d6–9, followed by a period of reduced activity and a gradual increase during the 1‐month observation period. Microglial reactivity was overt from d5 after DT administration not only in the CA1 region but also in the CA2/CA3 area, shortly followed by astrogliosis. Reactive microgliosis and astrogliosis persisted until d30 and, together with neuronal loss and stratum radiatum shrinkage, reflected important features of human hippocampal sclerosis. Granule cell dispersion was detectable only 3 months after DT treatment. Application of XPro1595 significantly reduced chronic seizure burden without affecting the development of hippocampal sclerosis.

Significance

In conclusion, our data demonstrate that sterile pyramidal neuronal death is sufficient to cause epilepsy in the absence of other pathological processes. The CCL17‐DTR mouse line may thus be a valuable model for further mechanistic studies on epilepsy and assessment of antiseizure medication.
Socialization of adolescent emotion regulation through interparental conflict: Adolescent versus parent report
Authors: Colton Kassidy C. , Godleski Stephanie A.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Guided by the emotional security theory and tripartite model of children's emotion regulation (e.g., Davies & Cummings, 1994; Morris et al., 2007), this study examined the indirect influence of both adolescent and parent reported interparental conflict on the concurrent link between parent and adolescent emotion regulation.

Background

There is strong empirical evidence of a direct link between parent and offspring emotion regulation. However, very little is known about how interparental conflict might serve as a mechanism linking parent and adolescent emotion regulation.

Method

The sample consisted of 70 parents and their adolescent children (Mage = 14.59, SD = 1.44). Both parents and adolescents self‐reported on levels of interparental conflict and their own emotion regulation difficulties through Qualtrics software.

Results

Findings from a structural equation model indicated that parental emotion dysregulation was associated with higher levels of self‐ and adolescent‐reported interparental conflict. However, only adolescent‐reported interparental conflict was associated with adolescent emotion dysregulation, which further emerged as a significant indirect effect. Post hoc analyses indicated that conflict frequency may drive the parent–child emotion regulation link.

Conclusion

These results highlight interparental conflict as a potential mechanism in the parent–child emotion regulation link and also emphasize the importance of considering children's reports of interparental conflict.

Implications

Interparental conflict might be an important target for intervention efforts when trying to implement healthy emotion regulation development in adolescence.
Recurrent Extreme Climatic Events Are Driving Gorgonian Populations to Local Extinction: Low Adaptive Potential to Marine Heatwaves
Authors: Ramirez‐Calero Sandra , Gómez‐Gras Daniel , Barreiro Aldo , Bensoussan Nathaniel , Figuerola‐Ferrando Laura , Jou Marc , López‐Sanz Àngel , López‐Sendino Paula , Medrano Alba , Montero‐Serra Ignasi , Pagès‐Escolà Marta , Linares Cristina , Ledoux Jean‐Baptiste , Garrabou Joaquim
Published: November 2024

Extreme climatic events (ECEs), such as marine heatwaves (MHWs), are a major threat to biodiversity. Understanding the variability in ecological responses to recurrent ECEs within species and underlying drivers arise as a key issue owing to their implications for conservation and population recovery. Yet, our knowledge on such ecological responses is limited since it has been frequently gathered following “single‐event approaches” focused on one particular event. These approaches provide snapshots of ecological responses but fall short of capturing heterogeneity patterns that may occur among recurrent ECEs, questioning current predictions regarding biodiversity trends. Here, we adopt a “multiple events” perspective to characterize the effects of recurrent ECEs on the ecological responses in Paramuricea clavata, a Mediterranean temperate coral threatened by MHWs. Through a common‐garden experiment repeated three consecutive years with the same individuals from three populations, we assessed the respective roles of environmental (year effect), genetic (population effect), and phenotypic (population‐by‐environment interactions effect) components in the ecological response to recurrent heat stress. The environmental component (year) was the main driver underlying the responses of P. clavata colonies across experiments. To build on this result, we showed that: (i) the ecological responses were not related to population (genetic isolation) and individual (multilocus heterozygosity) genetic make‐up, (ii) while all the individuals were characterized by a high environmental sensitivity (genotype‐by‐environment interactions) likely driven by in situ summer thermal regime. We confront our experimental results to in situ monitoring of the same individuals conducted in 2022 following two MHWs (2018, 2022). This confirms that the targeted populations harbor limited adaptive and plastic capacities to on‐going recurrent ECEs and that P. clavata might face unavoidable population collapses in shallow Mediterranean waters. Overall, we underscore the need to consider the recurrence of ECEs to assess threats to biodiversity and to forecast its evolution.
Advances in Miscanthus × Giganteus Planting Techniques May Increase Carbon Uptake in the Establishment Year
Authors: Aslan‐Sungur (Rojda) Guler , Boersma Nic , Moore Caitlin E. , Heaton Emily , Bernacchi Carl J. , Vanloocke Andy
Published: November 2024

Agricultural lands hold significant potential for CO2 sequestration, particularly when utilizing biomass crops and agricultural residues. Among these, Miscanthus × giganteus (mxg) stands out due to its high productivity and carbon sequestration capabilities. Recognizing the importance of such biomass crops, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has identified Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) as a crucial strategy for achieving net‐zero CO2 emissions by 2050. This study examines the carbon uptake potential of mxg during its establishment year at the Sustainable Advanced Bioeconomy Research (SABR) farm in Iowa, USA, where mxg was planted at a density exceeding previous studies. Using eddy covariance (EC) measurements, we quantified the net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE), and derived gross primary productivity (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (Reco). Our findings reveal that SABR's mxg exhibited a significant carbon uptake of −621 g C m−2, a threefold increase compared to a similar EC site in the “corn‐belt” (University of Illinois Energy Research Farm; UIEF), which was established with lower planting density and pre‐commercial planting equipment. Favorable growing conditions and advanced planting technologies at SABR likely contributed to this high carbon uptake. Comparisons with other global EC studies indicated a strong correlation between higher planting densities and greater carbon uptake. These results suggest that increasing mxg planting density can enhance carbon uptake, but further studies are necessary to evaluate the impacts under varying environmental conditions and management practices. Additionally, economic analyses are essential to determine the viability of higher planting densities. Our study underscores the potential of optimized mxg management practices to contribute significantly to CO2 uptake and supports the development of BECCS as a viable climate change mitigation strategy.
Efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor VII in Glanzmann thrombasthenia: A systematic literature review
Authors: Saultier Paul , Grino Michel , Falaise Céline , Voisin Sophie , Lavenu‐Bombled Cécile , Ibrahim‐Kosta Manal , Petit Audrey , Boutroux Hélène , Desprez Dominique , Fiore Mathieu , d'Oiron Roseline , Alessi Marie‐Christine
Published: November 2024

Background

Platelet transfusion is considered the standard treatment for preventing or controlling severe haemorrhage in Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT). However, platelet transfusion can have detrimental effects, including the production of anti‐GPIIb/IIIa isoantibodies or anti‐HLA antibodies (Ab) and platelet transfusion refractoriness. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) has been proposed as an alternative treatment to platelet transfusion.

Methods

We analyzed data from 77 case reports including 100 subjects to investigate the effectiveness and safety of rFVIIa in combination with platelets or antifibrinolytics for preventing or treating non‐surgical bleeds, as well as surgical and obstetrical procedures in GT.

Results

The dosage of rFVIIa was consistent with previous recommendations (90 µg/kg per infusion). In subjects without Ab/refractoriness (n = 56), rFVIIa was effective in managing 93% of non‐surgical bleeds (n = 42), 91% of minor (n = 11) and 92% of major (n = 26) surgical procedures and 89% of obstetrical procedures (n = 9). In subjects with Ab/refractoriness (n = 44), rFVIIa was effective in managing 90% of non‐surgical bleeds (n = 39), and 75% of minor (n = 12) and 100% of major (n = 17) surgical procedures. The use of rFVIIa was safe, with 4 (2.7%) serious adverse events associated with rFVIIa.

Conclusion

Although the use of rFVIIa is currently restricted to subjects with Ab/refractoriness or when platelets are not available, our findings suggest expanding the indications for rFVIIa to encompass GT without Ab/refractoriness. Frontline use of rFVIIa may be proposed when clinically possible to mitigate the risks associated with platelet transfusion.
RNAi library screening reveals Gβ1, Casein Kinase 2 and ICAP‐1 as novel regulators of LFA‐1‐mediated T cell polarity and migration
Authors: Haap‐Hoff Antje , Freeley Michael , Dempsey Eugene , Dunican Dara , Bennett Emily , Triglia Denise , Skubis‐Zegadlo Joanna , Mitchell Davies Anthony , Kelleher Dermot , Long Aideen
Published: November 2024

The αLβ2 integrin LFA‐1 plays a key role in T‐cell adhesion to the endothelial vasculature and migration into both secondary lymphoid organs and peripheral tissues via interactions with its target protein ICAM‐1, but the pathways that regulate LFA‐1‐mediated T‐cell polarity and migration are not fully understood. In this study we screened two RNAi libraries targeting G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCR)/GPCR‐associated proteins and kinases in a HuT 78 T cell line model of LFA‐1‐stimulated T‐cell migration. Based on staining of the actin cytoskeleton, multiple parameters to measure cell morphology were used to assess the contribution of 1109 genes to LFA‐1‐mediated T‐cell polarity and migration. These RNAi screens identified a number of both novel and previously identified genes that either increased or decreased the polarity and migratory capacity of these cells. Following multiparametric analysis, hierarchical clustering and pathway analysis, three of these genes were characterized in further detail using primary human T cells, revealing novel roles for the heterotrimeric G protein subunit Gβ1 and Casein Kinase 2 in LFA‐1‐mediated T‐cell polarity and migration in vitro. Our studies also highlighted a new role for ICAP‐1, an adaptor protein previously described to be associated with β1 integrins, in β2 integrin LFA‐1‐directed migration in T cells. Knockdown of ICAP‐1 expression in primary T cells revealed a role in cell polarity, cell velocity and transmigration towards SDF‐1 for this adaptor protein. This study therefore uncovers new roles for GPCR/GPCR‐associated proteins and kinases in T‐cell migration and provides potential novel targets for modulation of the T‐cell immune response.
Deciphering Rice Genotypes Under Submergence Stress and Optimum Condition for Yield Stability Analysis
Authors: Pradhan Prajjwal , Das Bimal , Kumar Deepak , Phani Victor , Kundu Surajit
Published: November 2024

In the flood‐prone area, the improved high‐yielding variety of rice declines its vegetative growth and suffers substantial yield losses due to water stagnation. To address the issue measurement, the present work implemented 45 rice genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replicates over three consecutive years (2018–2021) across submergence (E1, E3, E5) and optimum environments (E2, E4, E6) to assess the adaptability of these genotypes and identify the most desirable type by various stability indices. A significant genotype × environment interaction (GEI) was found in the combined ANOVA of yield and its component traits. The combined analyses of yield component traits through the multi‐trait stability index (MTSI) and yield‐stability statistics (YSi) found the most promising genotypes G20 and G32, respectively. The mean grain yield advantage was found in G18 under submerged conditions and G25 across the environments. A highly significant correlation (p < 0.01) exists between the stress tolerance index and yield in both submergence (r = 0.96) and normal (r = 0.90) circumstances. Among genotypes G18, G5 and G19, G20 showed strong stability for grain yield based on univariate stability parameters (YSi, σi2, Wi2, S2d and bi). An AMMI1 biplot analysis indicated that genotypes G37, G45, G32, G31, G27, G28, G19, G17 and G7 exhibited stability for grain yields, with IPCA1 values approaching zero. The GGE biplot analysis on yield was constructed into two mega‐environments, where G18 (Narkel Chari), G31 (CR Dhan‐500), G9 (Bhasha Manik) and G40 (SS‐1) were winners of submergence stress and G25 (Narayan Kamini) was the winner of normal environments.
Particle size gradation design and performance enhancement of quartz cores for precision casting
Authors: Peng Yong‐Hui , Zhou Wen‐Tao , Chen Guang , Kou Bao‐Hong , Ouyang Jing
Published: November 2024

This study proposes an approach for the design of gradation plans via the establishment of mathematical models for particle gradation, enabling control over the particle gradation of different sizes of SiO2. Silica‐based ceramic cores were produced follow the above strategy for precision casting, and the impact of particle gradation and sintering regimes on the shrinkage rate and relevant mechanical properties of the silica‐based ceramic cores were investigated. The results suggest that an optimal gradation plan can effectively enhance the density of silica‐based ceramic cores, thereby influencing the shrinkage rate and mechanical properties at both room and elevated temperatures. The shrinkage rate of the silica‐based ceramic cores is influenced by the chosen gradation particle size range of the silica; the sintering regimes have notable effects on mechanical properties of the silica‐based ceramic cores. The performance data of the samples demonstrate the efficacy of applying the gradation plan to the B60 samples with an average particle size of 60 µm in the largest grade. After undergoing a final sintering temperature at 1160°C and holding for 5 h, the shrinkage ratio could be limited to 1.33%, the room temperature bending strength reached 15.0 MPa, and the high‐temperature bending strength could be enhanced to 37.6 MPa. These findings present a significant reference values for the production of single‐crystal hollow blades.
Empirical model for the prediction of lattice constants in 1:2 ordered perovskites
Authors: Wright Bryan , Phuong Jessica , McManus Sophie , Tolman Kevin , Ubic Rick
Published: November 2024

Processing–structure relationships are at the heart of materials science, and predictive tools are essential for modern technological industries insofar as structure dictates intrinsic properties; however, few theoretical models exist for cation‐ordered perovskites. In this work, a combination of data mining and solid‐state synthesis was employed to collect structural data of 1:2 ordered (triple) perovskites. Three compositions within the (Ba1 − xSrx)(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 system were synthesized using a conventional solid‐state mixed‐oxide method. X‐ray diffraction data showed evidence of long‐range 1:2 B‐site cation ordering for all compositions. Additional data for another 24 1:2 ordered compositions were mined from literature. Correlative models for the deviation in modified tolerance factor (Δt′) were derived for each system, and a general model which is capable of predicting the pseudocubic lattice constants of such perovskites based solely on published ionic‐radii data developed.
Darier disease: Current insights and challenges in pathogenesis and management
Authors: Ettinger Monika , Kimeswenger Susanne , Deli Isabella , Traxler Judith , Altrichter Sabine , Noack Petar , Wikstrom Jakob D. , Guenova Emmanuella , Hoetzenecker Wolfram
Published: November 2024

Darier disease is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis caused by mutations in the ATP2A2 gene encoding for sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase isoform 2. The skin disease is characterized by a chronic relapsing course with recurrent reddish‐brown keratotic papules and plaques located mainly in seborrhoeic areas. Due to chronic inflammation and epidermal barrier defects of the skin, patients often develop severe bacterial and viral superinfections. Therapeutic options are limited, mainly symptomatic and in most cases unsatisfactory in the long term. Patients are advised to avoid aggravating factors such as high temperature, high humidity, UV radiation and mechanical irritation. To prevent superinfection, antiseptics and periodic use of topical corticosteroids are fundamental in treatment. In case of bacterial and viral superinfection, systemic anti‐infective therapy is often necessary. Currently, the most effective treatment option for extensive and persistent skin lesions is systemic retinoids, which are thought to mainly target the epidermal compartment (e.g. by reducing hyperkeratosis). One hallmark of Darier disease patients is chronic skin inflammation. We and others have previously reported Th17 cells in the dermal infiltrate of inflamed Darier disease skin. Counteracting inflammation by blocking the IL‐23/IL‐17 axis improved skin manifestations in a small cohort of previously therapy‐resistant patients over 1 year. Furthermore, several other topical treatment options for mild disease as well as various ablative therapies and surgical excision have been proposed to be effective in some patients with hypertrophic skin lesions. This article aims to outline the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis/differential diagnosis and available treatment modalities of Darier disease.
Accelerating the pace of elder justice policy to meet the needs of a growing aging population
Authors: Lees Haggerty Kristin , Stoeckle Rebecca Jackson , Campetti Randi , Froberg Ruthann , Ojelabi Olanike , Connolly M. T. , Epstein‐Lubow Gary , Mosqueda Laura , Greenlee Kathy , Tuboku‐Metzger Laini , Liao Junyue , Fulmer Terry
Published: November 2024

Policy measures designed to address elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation date back to decades, including the Older Americans Act of 1965. Over the years, various legislative actions have aimed to address elder mistreatment, culminating in the Elder Justice Act of 2010. Despite these efforts, policy changes lag behind need, and government funding appropriation is woefully inadequate. On November 29, 2023, the National Collaboratory to Address Elder Mistreatment convened 76 experts from research, clinical practice, policymaking, federal and state agencies, and national organizations to develop strategies for accelerating policy action to address elder mistreatment. Key themes from the convening included the need for a unified and stronger infrastructure and messaging, the importance of data‐driven policy and evidence‐informed prevention and intervention practices, and expanding strategic engagements. Participants emphasized the need for a holistic and long‐term approach, leveraging data to demonstrate outcomes, and building coalitions across related fields to address elder mistreatment. Action steps were identified for both national and state/local levels, focused on enhancing data‐informed elder mistreatment prevention, intervention, and response programs. The broad cross‐sector participation in the convening and the findings underscored the urgency of and potential for advancing elder justice policy. By leveraging existing initiatives, utilizing data emerging particularly in the past 5 years, building on decades of advocacy, and fostering new collaborations, there is a significant opportunity to improve prevention, intervention, and response to elder mistreatment.
Challenges for Antepartum Care of the Individual with Perinatal Substance Use: An Empirical Integrative Review of Novel Approaches to Improve Care
Authors: Narbey Lauren Taylor , Cline Alice Curtis
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Perinatal substance use continues to rise across the United States presenting unique challenges to providing antepartum care. Polysubstance use, limited and late engagement in health care, co‐occurring mood disorders, and several social barriers are well documented. This review seeks to summarize these barriers and present novel approaches to caring for this high‐risk population.

Methods

Inclusion criteria for this study focused on peer‐reviewed articles that explicitly detailed a direct impact on the provision or receipt of antenatal care in the setting of substance use within the United States that were published in the last 5 years. PubMed and Web of Science were used to find applicable articles. Of the 156 articles found, 10 relevant articles were selected for the final empirical integrative review that entailed data evaluation using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and thematic analysis.

Results

10 review articles met inclusion; 3 were qualitative, 6 were quantitative and nonrandomized, and one was quantitative descriptive. Six articles met MMAT quality criteria, and there were significant limitations in every article. Topics included opioid use disorder (n = 6), general substance use (n = 3), and tobacco use (n = 1). Themes included integrated models of prenatal care, colocated care, resource coordination, and peer support along with the role of the perinatal health care professional and consistent use of a substance use screening tool.

Discussion

A comprehensive and multidisciplinary care model is necessary to meet the complex and urgent needs of individuals with perinatal substance use that not only meets recommendations for opioid maintenance therapy or substance use cessation but the important areas of accessibility and interpersonal support. Future research should focus on the development, implementation, and evaluation of new models of care for this vulnerable population.
CELS‐3D—Cutting edge light source for exciting fluorescence in microtome‐based 3D microscopy and targeted correlative microscopy
Authors: Denyshchenko Vladyslav , Evans Christopher , O'Neill Tiina , Krstev Jakub , Filipczak Emilia , O'Toole Silas , Lobaskin Vladimir , Scholz Dimitri
Published: November 2024

We discovered that the light entering a triangular ultramicrotome glass knife from the bottom exits the knife through its cutting edge, forming an oblique light sheet illumination suitable for imaging. We adopted this light sheet for side illumination of the sample blocks during sectioning on the ultramicrotome, for 3D imaging, and for targeting fluorescent features for confocal‐, electron‐ and correlative microscopy. In this paper, we present a working prototype named CELS‐3D (Cutting Edge Light Source, Three‐Dimensional), a microscope mounted on an ultramicrotome. We characterised CELS‐3D and applied it for 3D imaging of human liver spheroids with a diameter of approximately 500 μm. The structure of nuclei and tight junctions has been successfully reconstructed over the full spheroid volume. In contrast, a confocal microscope was unable to image spheroids to a depth of greater than 50 μm. CELS‐3D shows fluorescence during serial sectioning in an online mode; therefore, it can apply for targeting fluorescence structures for correlative microscopy. We successfully applied CELS‐3D for targeted correlative microscopy of human liver spheroids and C. elegans. The CELS‐3D can be utilised for less‐ and non‐transparent samples, which encompasses a range of applications, including operation biopsies, experimental organoids/spheroids, artificial cartilage, and bone, among others. The CELS‐3D can be effortlessly mounted on the top of any commercially available ultramicrotome, and its operation is straightforward and intuitive.
New Plant Extracts Exert Complementary Anti‐Hair Loss Properties in Human In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models
Authors: Bacqueville Daniel , Lévêque Marguerite , Mas Camille , Haure Marie‐José , Noustens Anaïs , Mengeaud Valérie , Carrère Sophie , Bessou‐Touya Sandrine , Duplan Hélène , Rizzi Nathalie Castex , Saurat Jean‐Hilaire
Published: November 2024

Background

Hair loss is linked to dysfunction of the growth (anagen), regression (catagen) and rest (telogen) phases of the hair follicle (HF) cycle.

Aims

To evaluate the effects of a Silybum marianum extract (SME), manganese PCA (MnPCA), and a Lespedeza capitata extract (LCE) on markers of hair growth and anchorage in human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs), and to investigate the ability of a topical serum containing these active ingredients to improve HF growth in an ex vivo human scalp skin model.

Methods

In HFDPCs, we assessed receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activation; quantified versican, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Dickkopf‐1 (DDK1) secretion; and evaluated 5α‐reductase (5αR) activity. Using scalp skin biopsies from two female donors, we measured hair shaft elongation, analyzed hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and determined HF cycle stage and score.

Results

Compared to untreated HFDPCs, SME upregulated phosphorylation of growth factor receptors (EGFR:1.9 × and PDGFR: 2.8 ×) and their downstream effectors (ERK, GSK3, Akt, and STAT: 1.2–2.0 ×); MnPCA enhanced versican (33.0 ×) and VEGF (3.3 ×) secretion, and stimulated the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway (+80%); and LCE reduced DKK1 secretion (−72%) and 5αR activity (dihydrotestosterone/testosterone ratio: −60%). Compared to untreated scalp skin biopsies, the serum enhanced hair shaft elongation (+102%), and significantly prolonged the anagen phase by improving hair cycle scores and stimulating hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation (+58%).

Conclusions

SME, MnPCA, and LCE displayed complementary anti‐hair loss properties. The serum combining these active ingredients may be useful in hair loss treatment.
Coping Measures for Hospital Nurses' Turnover: A Qualitative Meta‐Aggregation (2018–2023)
Authors: Zheng Qin , Liu Shihua , Zhang Yanyan
Published: November 2024

Aim

To identify and synthesise the qualitative evidence that is available regarding reducing the turnover of hospital nurses from their own perspectives.

Design

A qualitative systematic review using the meta‐aggregation design.

Data Sources

Qualitative studies either in English or in Chinese, dating from 2018 to 2023, were obtained from eight databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Ovid, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and the China Biomedical Database.

Methods

Studies were screened using pre‐determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality assessment was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. The study was reported according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) guidelines.

Results

Sixteen papers were included that explored nurses' perspectives on enhancing their retention or reducing staff turnover. We developed three synthesised findings and 12 categories from 64 identified findings, including (1) individual adjustment strategy: professional pride, self‐growth and psychological adjustment; (2) social support strategy: constructive workplace relationships, balancing work life and recognition of nursing and (3) organisational change strategy: embracing management and leadership, promote nursing professionalisation, workload management and support, flexible work patterns and opportunities, supporting personal career development and competitive salary.

Conclusion

This review provides an in‐depth and meaningful understanding of nurses' own perceptions and suggestions for enhancing nursing turnover, which will call for a wide range of measures targeting the individual, social and organisational levels.

Implications for Nursing Management

This study contributes important knowledge to help improve hospital nurse's turnover, which can provide evidence to support nurse managers, other stakeholders and policymakers in correspondingly developing effective measures to address nurse turnover.

Patient or Public Contribution

There was no direct contribution from patient or caregiver to this study because the data of this study originated from published papers.
Private Equity and Financial Stability: Evidence from Failed‐Bank Resolution in the Crisis
Authors: JOHNSTON‐ROSS EMILY , MA SONG , PURI MANJU
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the role of private equity (PE) in failed‐bank resolutions after the 2008 financial crisis, using proprietary Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation failed‐bank acquisition data. PE investors made substantial investments in underperforming and riskier failed banks, particularly in geographies where local banks were also distressed, filling the gap created by a weak, undercapitalized banking sector. Using a quasi‐random empirical design based on detailed bidding information, we show that PE‐acquired banks performed better ex post, with positive real effects for the local economy. Overall, PE investors played a positive role in stabilizing the financial system through their involvement in failed‐bank resolution.
Alternaria ethzedia Causes Kadamba Leaf Spot in Punjab: A New Host Report
Authors: Baral Deewakar , Thapa Sukram , Lepcha Rodrick , Koshariya Ashok Kumar , Ali Sajeed
Published: November 2024

In December 2023, Neolamarckia cadamba trees at Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India, exhibited a necrotic leaf spot disease affecting 20%–40% of their foliage, with similar symptoms observed in nearby farmer fields of Punjab. The disease manifested as concentric ring spots with yellow halos. Samples from three infected leaves of six trees were collected, and tissues from lesion margins were cultured. Six isolates (LPUAE1‐LPUAE6) were obtained and cultured on PDA medium, displaying greyish fungal colonies. The conidia were identified morphologically as belonging to the genus Alternaria spp. DNA analysis using ITS and ATPase region amplifications confirmed the isolates as Alternaria ethzedia, with sequences deposited in NCBI GenBank. Till now there is no report on diseases of kadamba caused by A. ethzedia and this first report indicates that further studies on leaf spot disease management are needed.
Integrated Control of Alternaria Blotch in Apple Orchards
Authors: Chauhan Praneet , Gupta Arvind Kumar , Sharma Jagan Nath , Sharma Monica
Published: November 2024

An investigation of Alternaria blotch in apple orchards was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of fungicides, plant extracts and bioagents against Alternaria mali through the development of integrated disease management strategies. Under pot conditions, potential combinations of fungicides, plant extracts and biocontrol agents for mitigating the disease were evaluated. Furthermore, polyhouse studies showed that bioagents such as Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens have disease control potential. Moreover, this research explored the impact of fungicides on the production of primary inoculum, highlighting the potential to impede conidial production by the pathogen. Over two cropping seasons, field assessments indicated the efficiency of integrated approaches in managing Alternaria blotch of apples. This study highlights the importance of reducing chemical inputs while ensuring successful disease management, offering important insights into a more sustainable approach to the management of diseases in apple orchards.
Special mechanism for monitoring recommendations in security institutions in Mexico
Authors: Gómez Cossio Sara María
Published: November 2024

Since their inception, security institutions in Mexico have undergone significant transformations in their structure, organization, and responsibilities, which has influenced their role in ensuring public safety in the country. The configuration of the institution responsible for providing security in Mexico under military leadership not only deviates from the constitutional precepts to which it should adhere but also undermines the legal security of citizens regarding the enjoyment and full exercise of their human rights, due to acts prone to rights violations by such corporations, especially in the absence of a social proximity formation. This article focuses on the international perspective of human rights organizations about the security institutions in Mexico, considering the jurisprudence, recommendation, and cases in the Inter‐American Human Rights System. Multiple international organizations conclude that these security institutions have indicated a regression in human rights and require oversight by a regional international entity to ensure compliance with recommendations and the guarantee of a rule of law.
Comparative Study of Arctic Front Advance Pro and POLARx Cryoballoons for Linear Ablation of the Left Atrial Roof
Authors: Shigeta Takatoshi , Sagawa Yuichiro , Arai Hirofumi , Oda Atsuhito , Sudo Koji , Murata Kazuya , Okishige Kaoru , Kurabayashi Manabu , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo , Yamauchi Yasuteru
Published: November 2024

Background

The effectiveness of cryoballoon ablation (CBA) of the left atrial (LA) roof in addition to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using a novel cryoballoon catheter, POLARx, remains unclear.

Methods

This study compared the efficacy of LA roof line ablation and PVI using POLARx (Boston Scientific) or AFA‐Pro (Medtronic) in 100 patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. The right superior pulmonary vein (PV) anchoring and raise‐up techniques were consistently used for LA roof line ablation, and rapid right ventricular pacing was applied if the cryoballoon temperature did not reach −40°C.

Results

Complete conduction block at the LA roof could be obtained in all patients with POLARx and in 98.0% of patients with AFA‐Pro. Rapid right ventricular pacing was needed in 64.0% of patients with AFA‐Pro and in no patients with POLARx. During LA roof line ablation, the nadir cryoballoon temperature was significantly lower with POLARx than with AFA‐Pro (right: −54.2°C ± 4.4°C vs. −46.0°C ± 5.4°C; central: −56.8°C ± 4.4°C vs. −45.7°C ± 4.8°C; left: −56.1°C ± 4.3°C vs. −46.1°C ± 5.7°C), and the cryoballoon temperature reached −40°C earlier with POLARx than with AFA‐Pro (right: 30.8 ± 7.4 s vs. 74.1 ± 37.7 s; central: 28.2 ± 5.2 s vs. 62.9 ± 30.9 s; left: 29.8 ± 5.8 s vs. 69.6 ± 40.7 s).

Conclusion

The nadir cryoballoon temperature with POLARx was approximately 10°C lower than with AFA‐Pro, consistently dropping below −40°C during LA roof line CBA. Thus, a complete conduction block of the LA roof line can be easily accomplished using right superior PV anchoring and the raise‐up techniques without the need for rapid right ventricular pacing with POLARx.