bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining Trends in the Public’s Awareness of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in the United States: Infodemiology Study (Preprint)
Authors: Schultz Adam , Burrows Blake , Sajjadi Nicholas , Hartwell Micah , Vassar Matt
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) is a disorder caused by multiple etiologies leading to decreased pancreatic function. EPI presents with nonspecific symptoms and is largely unknown by the public, making EPI a difficult diagnosis. Awareness campaigns for EPI have been supported by AbbVie, a pharmaceutical company that manufactures the only available treatment for EPI (Creon), but it is unknown whether the campaigns have led to increased EPI awareness.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to assess changes in EPI awareness over time evidenced by internet searches in the United States. Findings from this study may reveal how awareness campaigns, such as radio ads, have influenced the public awareness of EPI.

METHODS

Google Trends is a popular and validated infodemiology tool.1 Using Google Trends allows for real-time data analysis that reflects public awareness over time, which is reported as relative search volume (RSV). RSV represents a relative percent change in Google searches for selected terms over a given time period. We observed trends for the term “Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency” over the date range January 1, 2011 to October 1, 2021 to capture search trends before and after AbbVie’s advertisement campaigns. We used an ARIMA model to forecast expected search volumes based on search data before Abbvie’s campaign for Creon.

RESULTS

We found many statistically significant increases in RSV since the launch of AbbVie’s campaign, with peak RSV occurring in August and September of 2021, together representing a 122.5% increase compared to expected values (P<.001). Similar peaks were observed in March 2019 and January 2020, though every year since the launch had multiple statistically significant increases in RSV for “Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency.”

CONCLUSIONS

Results from our study suggest that the US public interest in EPI has increased steadily over the last 5 years compared to the 5 years prior, possibly reflecting the success of Abbvie advertisement campaigns. AbbVie has steadily increased advertisement spending since 2016, with reported net revenue for Creon following a similar trend. The success of AbbVie’s radio, TV, and internet advertisements may have served to educate patients on EPI, prompting them to search Google for more information or to find a physician who could evaluate them for EPI. Increasing awareness may support quicker and more accurate diagnosis of EPI.
Forest Fire Detection Using Wifi Module and Camera Surveillance
Authors: Ramya S. , Pallavi P. , Radhika G. , Jyothi Mrs. A.
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Forest fires result in extreme damage to the ecosystem and cause serious threats to the environment. The response time of emergency teams greatly affects the consequences and losses caused, so preserving forests and making efforts into improving the existing approaches to stop fires should be our main concern. The proposed system detects fire by taking a few natural variables into consideration such as temperature, humidity and smoke. The realtime monitoring of these elements takes us one step closer to our goal, the camera surveillance and Wi-Fi module help us monitor the values of respective variables at an instant to make the system efficient. In case of fire, the temperature sensor, smoke sensor and fire sensor give alert to the system through the Wi-Fi module and the help can immediately reach the affected area and take necessary steps to make the losses minimum. The camera surveillance helps us analyse the spread of the fire to ensure necessary equipment is being taken and also helps in finding the cause of the fire Keywords: Wifi module, Camera surveillance, Fire detection, Buzzer, Camera, Mobile application
Web Traffic Time Series Forecasting Using ARIMA Model
Authors: Tambe Vrushant , Golait Apeksha , Pardeshi Sakshi , Javheri Rohit , Arsalwad Prof. Gajanan
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Web traffic prediction is a major concern since it has the potential to produce severe snags in the working of websites. It is one of the most difficult tasks to make predictions about future time series values, so been a hot topic for research. The increase in web traffic may encounter a crashed site or very slow loading time. Such disturbances may cause many disturbances for the users, consequently decreased users rating of the site and user move to another site that affects the business. We have implemented a forecasting model to predict web traffic. ARIMA model is used for Web traffic time series forecasting. We have used some of the features like page name, date visited, and the number of visits for prediction with higher accuracy. Keywords: Web traffic prediction, ARIMA model, Time series forecasting, Data Collection and Feature Understanding.
Design, Develop and Validate Nitrile Hose in Mandrel less Construction
Authors: Choudhari Vikas
Published: May 2022

Abstract: This A hose is a flexible hollow tube designed to carry fluids from one location to another. Hoses are also sometimes called pipes (the word pipe usually refers to a rigid tube, whereas a hose is usually a flexible one), or more generally tubing. The shape of a hose is usually cylindrical (having a circular cross section). Hose design is based on a combination of application and performance. Common factors are size, pressure rating, weight, length, straight hose or coil hose, and chemical compatibility. Applications mostly use nylon, polyurethane, polyethylene, PVC, or synthetic or natural rubbers, based on the environment and pressure rating needed. In recent years, hoses can also be manufactured from special grades of polyethylene (LDPE and especially LLDPE). Other hose materials include PTFE (Teflon), stainless steel, and other metals. Dredge rubber hoses have a long story, which features high strength and flexibility. A flexible dredging hose widely used in dredgers for silt/gravels conveyance. It is abrasion and wear-resistant to ensure long service life. Types of flexible dredge hose: floating rubber hose, discharge hose, suction hose, armoured hose and ceramic hose. Keywords: Discharge hose, fluid, flexible, suction hose, armoured hose, and ceramic hose
Rainfall Prediction using Machine Learning
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Yadav Vishal Kumar , Dubey Er. Sandeep
Published: May 2022

Abstract: In India, Agriculture contributes major role to Indian economy. For agriculture, Rainfall is important but during these days’ rainfall prediction has become a major challenging problem. Good prediction of rainfall provides knowledge and know in advance to take precautions and have better strategy about theirs crops. Global warming is also having severe effect on nature as well as mankind and it accelerates the change in climatic conditions. Because of its air is getting warmer and level of ocean is rising, leads to flood and cultivated field is changing into drought. Due to adverse climatic change leads to unseasonable and unreasonable amount of rainfall. To predict Rainfall is one of the best techniques to know about rainfall and climate. The main aim of this study revolves around providing correct climate description to the clients from various perspectives like agriculture, researchers, generation of power etc. to grasp the need of transformation in climate and its parameters like temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed that eventually directs to projection of rainfall. Rainfall also depends on geographic locations hence is an arduous task to predict. Machine Learning is the evolving subset of an AI, that helps in predicting the rainfall. In this research paper, we will be using UCI repository dataset with multiple attributes for predicting the rainfall. The main aim of this study is to develop the rainfall prediction system and predict the rainfall with better accuracy with the use of Machine Learning classification algorithms. Keywords: Rainfall Prediction system, Machine Learning, Dataset, Classification algorithms.
A Design to Predict and Analyze Crime
Authors: Hemant Koshe Ahana , Haresh Mankani Neha , Majid Sayyed Shafiya
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Crime is one of the dominant and alarming aspect of our society. Over the past few years, the crime rate across globe has increased exponentially. So, preventing the crime from occurring is a vital task. In the recent time, it is seen that artificial intelligence has shown its importance in almost all the field and crime prediction is one of them. However, it is necessary to maintain a proper database of the crime that has occurred. The ability to predict the crime on the basis of time, location and so on which can occur in future can help the law enforcement agencies in preventing the crime before it occurs from a strategical perspective. However, predicting the crime accurately is a challenging task because crimes are increasing at an alarming rate. Thus, the crime prediction and analysis methods are very important to detect the future crimes and reduce them. In Recent time, many researchers have conducted experiments to predict the crimes using various machine learning methods and particular inputs. For crime prediction, KNN, K-means and Random Forest and some other algorithms are used. Our system can predict regions which have high probability for crime occurrence and can visualize crime prone areas. The main purpose is to highlight the worth and effectiveness of machine learning in predicting violent crimes occurring in a particular region in such a way that it can be used by police to reduce crime rates in the society.
Sadzīvošana. Etnogrāfiskas pārdomas par attiecībām mūsdienu Latvijā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Putniņa Aivita
Published: May 2022

Šī grāmata ir antropoloģisks vēstījums par cilvēku attiecībām mūsdienu Latvijā. Pētījums veikts 2019. un 2020. gadā četrās Latvijas vietās, runājot ar vietējiem cilvēkiem par attiecībām, pārmaiņām sabiedrībā un izvairīšanos no vardarbības. Sadzīvošana iezīmē arī attiecību pārrāvumu un piespiešanos uzturēt attiecības, kur to vairs nav. Sabiedrība ir individualizējusies, pieaugusi sociālā nevienlīdzība, dzīves temps kļuvis straujāks. Grāmatas četras sadaļas ir veltītas bērnu audzināšanas paradumiem un to maiņai, pāru attiecībām un ģimenei, kaimiņattiecībām un cilvēku sadzīvei kopienā, kā arī vecumam.
Evaluating the Correlation between High Titers of Tissue-Transglutaminase Antibody with the Grade of Severity of Villous Atrophy in Syrian Patients with Celiac Disease
Authors: Alhabbal A. , Abou Khamis I.
Published: May 2022

Background. Diagnosis of celiac disease depends on the patient’s history and serological tests, and is confirmed by biopsies from the duodenum. Biopsies from the small intestine could be dispensable regarding the verification of celiac disease with the presence of high levels of atissue-transglutaminase antibody.

Aim. The objective of this investigation is to substantiate the correlation between titers of anti-tissue transglutaminase type IgA (anti-tTG IgA) and the severity of histological alterations in Syrian patients with celiac disease and to determine the diagnostic level of anti-tTG to previse celiac disease in adults and children without the necessity of a biopsy sampling.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted as a prospective cohort study with the participation of 100 symptomatic patients between the age group of 6–65 years. All participants underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Two samples were taken from the duodenum and were evaluated by an expert pathologist according to Marsh grading. Serum anti-tTG IgA levels were measured as well to determine any association between the levels of serum anti-tTG IgA and Marsh grading.

Results. The mean age of the patients was (18.55 ± 12.92). Anemia was the most frequent non-gastrointestinal finding as it was found among 35% of the participant, but no remarkable association was found between Marsh grading and hemoglobin levels (r = 0.36, p > 0.05). However, serum tTGA levels were positively correlated with Marsh grading (r = 0.718, p < 0.001). Receiver-operator curve (ROC) analysis cut-off value of serum anti-tTGA for speculating villous atrophy was 270 IU/ml of cut-off value with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 89%.

Conclusion. Duodenal biopsies could be foregone during the diagnosis of susceptible patients for celiac diseasewith high anti-tTG IgA.
Clinical Recommendations of the Northwest Society for Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition, Interregional Association for Emergency Surgery, Russian Gastroenterological Association, Union of Rehabilitation Therapists of Russia and Russian Transplantation Society on Diagnosis and Treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome-Associated Intestinal Failure in Adults
Authors: Averyanova Yu. V. , Batyrshin E. M. , Demko A. E. , Ivanova G. E. , Ivashkin V. T. , Kostyuchenko L. N. , Lapitsky A. V. , Leiderman I. N. , Luft V. M. , Maev I. V. , Nikitin I. G. , Novruzbekov M. S. , Poluektova Е. A. , Potapov A. L. , Sytov A. V. , Trukhmanov A. S.
Published: May 2022

Aim. Current clinical recommendations address the epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of possible immediate and long-term complications, as well as the problematic issues related to treatment and rehabilitation of adult short bowel syndrome patients.

Key points. Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a symptom complex of impaired digestion caused by the reduction of small intestine absorptive surface and manifested by intestinal failure (IF) of various severity (maldigestion and malabsorption) developing into malnutrition and systemic somatogenic disorders. The vital strategic aspects of its treatment are the personalisation of liquid, macro- and micronutrients consumption as well as avoidance of intestinal failure- and parenteral nutrition-associated complications. Various nutritional support regimes and the indications for infusion therapy and maintenance parenteral nutrition are considered in this patient category, also in outpatient settings. To mitigate the dependence on intravenous fluid- and nutrient administration and attain enteral autonomy in SBS-IF patients, the use of recombinant glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is justified as exerting a pronounced trophic effect on the epithelial regenerative potential as well as structural and functional adaptation of intestinal mucosa. The SBS-IF patients prescribed with home parenteral nutrition and/or their caregivers should be trained in a special programme that covers the catheter care, preparation of infusion solutions and nutrient mixture container, infusion pump operation as well as the prevention, recognition and management of complications. The main referral indications for small bowel transplantation (SBT) are: fast-progressing cholestatic liver disease-complicated irreversible intestinal failure; thrombosis of two or more central venous conduits used for parenteral nutrition; recurrent catheter-associated bloodstream infection.

Conclusion. Current recommendations on diagnosis and treatment as well as the developed criteria of medical aid quality assessment are applicable at different levels of healthcare.
Performance pay sensitivity: Do top management incentives align with shareholder value creation?
Authors: Aaen Thomas , Lueg Rainer
Published: May 2022

Arising from the principal-agent consideration, Jensen and Murphy (1990b) studied the pay-performance sensitivity (including pay, options, stockholdings, and dismissal) for chief executive officers (CEOs) in the 1980s. They found that CEO wealth changes $3.25 for every $1,000 change in shareholder wealth. In this study, we revisit the issue of the linkage between CEO pay and performance but with the difference that we only include observable measures in the pay-performance sensitivity estimate. Our data on executive compensation stems from the ExecuComp database on S&P 1500 firms, and the performance data from the Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP) database (total: 23,737 firm-year observations). We find that CEO wealth changes $5.34 for every $1,000 change in shareholder wealth. Almost all of this sensitivity is attributed to compensation through stock options and the CEO’s inside stockholdings. Today, the incentives generated by stock options have increased thirteen times, and the total pay-performance sensitivity has almost doubled in value, compared to when Jensen and Murphy (1990b) estimated the pay-performance sensitivity in the 1980s for the first time. Despite the increased pay performance sensitivity, we hypothesize that internal and external political forces negatively affect the CEO’s performance incentives. Compensation constraints reduce the pay performance sensitivity and hereby the incentives for the CEO to maximize shareholder wealth. Further research on how CEO wealth varies with absolute and relative corporate performance is required to determine if the CEO’s incentives are consistent with shareholder wealth maximization.
Prescribing trends for the same patients with schizophrenia over 20 years
Authors: Yasui-Furukori Norio , Kawamata Yasushi , Sasaki Taro , Yokoyama Saaya , Okayasu Hiroaki , Shinozaki Masataka , Takeuchi Yoshitaka , Sato Aoi , Ishikawa Takaaki , Komahashi-Sasaki Hazuki , Miyazaki Kensuke , Fukasawa Takashi , Furukori Hanako , Sugawara Norio , Kazutaka Shimoda
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Recent pharmacoepidemiology data show an increase in the
proportion of patients receiving second-generation antipsychotic (SGA)
monotherapy, but no studies have analyzed the same patients over a long
period of time. Therefore, in this study, we decided to evaluate
retrospectively schizophrenia patients with available data for 20 years
to see whether the drug treatments in the same patients have changed in
the past 20 years. METHODS: The study began in April 2021 and was
conducted in 15 psychiatric hospitals in Japan. Schizophrenia patients
treated in the same hospital for 20 years were retrospectively examined
for all prescriptions in 2016, 2011, 2006, and 2001 (i.e., every 5
years). RESULTS: The mean age of the 716 patients surveyed in 2021 was
61.7 years, with 49.0% being female. The rate of antipsychotic
monotherapy use showed a slight increasing trend over the past 20 years;
the rate of SGA use showed a marked increasing trend from 28.9% to
70.3% over the past 20 years, while the rate of SGA monotherapy use
showed a gradual increasing trend over the past 20 years. The rates of
concomitant use of anticholinergics, antidepressants, anxiolytics/sleep
medications, and mood stabilizers showed decreasing, flat, decreasing,
and flat trends over the past 20 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: The
results of this study showed a slow but steady substitution of SGAs for
first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) over time, even in the same
patients.
Effects of production conditions on the properties of limestone briquettes aimed for acid soil liming
Authors: Jovanovic Vladimir , Nisic Dragana , Milisavljevic Vladimir , Todorovic Dejan , Radulovic Dragan , Ivosevic Branislav , Milicevic Sonja
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the results of experiments performed to determine how the
quantity of the binder (bentonite) and the parameters of the laboratory roll
press affect the quality of the briquettes obtained from limestone powder.
These experiments aim to examine the conditions in which limestone
briquettes are formed and to determine their use for agricultural purposes.
During the experiments various mass fractions of bentonite was added to
limestone (from 1 to 10 %), while the force of roll press drums ranged from
2 to 25 kN. The briquettes have been tested by applying scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), differential thermal and thermo-gravimetric (DTA/TG)
analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR). Bentonite distribution was found to be uniform within
the compact briquette structure. Formation of new compounds was not
evidenced. The experiments also demonstrated that during briquetting,
limestone properties remain unchanged, the changes are only physical, water
solubility is not reduced, mechanical properties (impact resistance,
compressive strength and abrasion resistance) are satisfactory by the
transport and storage terms if the binder mass fraction is over 5% and the
briquetting force exceeds 10kN and finally there is no loss due to wind
dispersal during application. The only downside of the ?green? briquettes
obtained is the time required for their complete disintegration if totally
immersed in water.
Coup d'état and economic growth in Turkey: Evidence from ARDL bounds testing procedure
Authors: Bakirtas Ibrahim , Sari Ramazan , Koc Suleyman
Published: May 2022

In seven decades of the multiparty democracy period, Turkey has experienced four military coups. Even though the coups are thought to be a cold war phenomenon in the literature, they are still relevant. The failed coup attempt in 2016 reminds us that the military coup is still a critical issue in Turkish democracy and the economy. Interestingly, there is not an adequate amount of empirical research on the political economy of Turkey?s military coup experience. This study?s motivation is to provide empirical evidence for the economic growth-coup nexus literature with a core focus on Turkey, which is a remarkable case in many aspects. For this purpose, we extend an open-economy Cobb-Douglas production function with coups and use the autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) method for the period 1950 to 2014. According to the study?s empirical findings, coup d??tats negatively affect real GDP in Turkey. Through structural reforms, Turkey should strengthen its democratic institutions to prevent such antidemocratic attempts.
New Evidence of Central Nervous System Damage in Diabetes: Impairment of Fine Visual Discrimination
Authors: Chen He , Wang Menghan , Xia Lin , Dong Jiong , Xu Guangwei , Wang Ziyi , Feng Lixia , Zhou Yifeng
Published: May 2022

Diabetes can damage both the peripheral sensory organs, causing retinopathy, and the central visual system, leading to contrast sensitivity and impaired color vision in patients without retinopathy. Orientation discrimination is important for shape recognition by the visual system. Our psychophysical findings in this study show diminished orientation discrimination in patients with diabetes without retinopathy. To reveal the underlying mechanism, we established a diabetic mouse model and recorded in vivo electrophysiological data in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and primary visual cortex (V1). Reduced orientation selectivity was observed in both individual and populations of neurons in V1 and dLGN, which increased in severity with disease duration. This diabetes-associated neuronal dysfunction appeared earlier in the V1 than dLGN. Additionally, neuronal activity and signal-to-noise ratio are reduced in V1 neurons of diabetic mice, leading to a decreased capacity for information processing by V1 neurons. Notably, the V1 in diabetic mice exhibits reduced excitatory neuronal activity and lower levels of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Our findings show that altered responses of both populations of and single V1 neurons may impair fine vision, thus expanding our understanding of the underlying causes of diabetes-related impairment of the central nervous system.
The p66Shc Protein Mediates Insulin Resistance and Secretory Dysfunction in Pancreatic β-Cells Under Lipotoxic Conditions
Authors: Biondi Giuseppina , Marrano Nicola , Dipaola Lucia , Borrelli Anna , Rella Martina , D’Oria Rossella , Genchi Valentina A. , Caccioppoli Cristina , Porreca Immacolata , Cignarelli Angelo , Perrini Sebastio , Marchetti Piero , Vincenti Leonardo , Laviola Luigi , Giorgino Francesco , Natalicchio Annalisa
Published: May 2022

We evaluated the role of the p66Shc redox adaptor protein in pancreatic β-cell insulin resistance that develops under lipotoxic conditions and with excess body fat. Prolonged exposure to palmitate in vitro or the presence of overweight/obesity augmented p66Shc expression levels and caused an impaired ability of exogenous insulin to increase cellular insulin content and secreted C-peptide levels in INS-1E cells and human and murine islets. In INS-1E cells, p66Shc knockdown resulted in enhanced insulin-induced augmentation of insulin content and C-peptide secretion and prevented the ability of palmitate to impair these effects of insulin. Conversely, p66Shc overexpression impaired insulin-induced augmentation of insulin content and C-peptide secretion in both the absence and presence of palmitate. Under lipotoxic condition, the effects of p66Shc are mediated by a p53-induced increase in p66Shc protein levels and JNK-induced p66Shc phosphorylation at Ser36 and appear to involve the phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 kinase at Thr389 and of insulin receptor substrate 1 at Ser307, resulting in the inhibition of insulin-stimulated protein kinase B phosphorylation at Ser473. Thus, the p66Shc protein mediates the impaired β-cell function and insulin resistance induced by saturated fatty acids and excess body fat.
Time With Diabetes Distress and Glycemia-Specific Distress: New Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for the Psychosocial Burden of Diabetes Using Ecological Momentary Assessment in an Observational Study
Authors: Ehrmann Dominic , Schmitt Andreas , Priesterroth Lilli , Kulzer Bernhard , Haak Thomas , Hermanns Norbert
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE

To estimate time with diabetes distress using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in people with type 1 diabetes and analyze its associations with glycemic management based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We used EMA to assess diabetes distress in a sample of recently hospitalized adults with type 1 diabetes once a day for 17 consecutive days in an ambulatory setting. Additionally, participants were asked daily about hypoglycemia distress (<70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]), hyperglycemia distress (>180 mg/dL [10 mmol/L]), and variability distress (glucose fluctuations). Per person, the percentage of days with elevated distress was calculated (time with distress). Multilevel regression was used to analyze daily associations of distress ratings with CGM-derived parameters. EMA-derived associations between diabetes distress and glycemic outcomes were compared with questionnaire-derived associations.

RESULTS

Data of 178 participants were analyzed. Participants spent a mean (SD) of days in a state of diabetes distress, 54.6 ± 26.0% in hyperglycemia distress, 45.2 ± 27.5% in variability distress, and 23.0 ± 19.3% in hypoglycemia distress. In multilevel analyses, higher daily ratings of diabetes distress were significantly associated with hyperglycemia (β = 0.41). Results showed high between-person variability as explanation of variance of the models ranged between 22.2 and 98.8%. EMA-derived diabetes distress showed a significant association with mean glucose (r = 0.25), while questionnaire-based diabetes distress did not (r = 0.10). Prospectively, time with diabetes distress was associated with HbA1c at the 3-month follow-up (r = 0.27), while questionnaire-based distress showed no association (r = 0.11).

CONCLUSIONS

Time with distress as assessed with EMA showed a comparative advantage over distress as determined by questionnaire-based assessment of diabetes distress regarding associations with glycemic management.
Orthopedic surgical procedures in 3,305 children and young adults with cerebral palsy: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Telléus Anna , Kiapekos Nikolaos , Von Heideken Johan , Wagner Philippe , Broström Eva , Hägglund Gunnar , Åstrand Per
Published: May 2022

Background and purpose: Few reports have described the panorama of orthopedic surgeries that children with cerebral palsy (CP) undergo. We analyzed the risk of a first surgery, and describe the frequency of orthopedic surgeries in terms of age, sex, anatomical location, and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level in children and young adults with CP.Patients and methods: This was a register-based cohort study of 3,305 individuals followed until 2–25 years of age. We used data from 2 national Swedish registers: the CPUP CP surveillance program and the Swedish National Patient Register. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were calculated to describe the risk of undergoing a first orthopedic surgery, related to age.Results: We included data for 3,311 orthopedic operations in 1,717 surgical sessions. The percentage of children operated on before age 15 years increased from 22% (95% CI 19–26) for GMFCS level I to 70% (CI 64–75) for level V. Ankle and foot surgery was predominant as first surgery for GMFCS I–II, and hip and femur surgery for GMFCS IV–V. Spinal surgery occurred almost exclusively for GMFCS IV–V. Descriptive data showed repeated surgical sessions to be frequent for higher GMFCS levels.Interpretation: The risk of having a first orthopedic surgical treatment increased with increasing GMFCS level and was initiated at younger age in children with higher GMFCS level.
A matched comparison of cementless unicompartmental and total knee replacement outcomes based on the National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man
Authors: Mohammad Hasan R , Judge Andrew , Murray David W
Published: May 2022

Background and purpose: The main treatments for severe medial compartment knee arthritis are unicompartmental (UKR) and total knee replacement (TKR). UKRs have higher revision rates, particularly for aseptic loosening, therefore the cementless version was introduced. We compared the outcomes of matched cementless UKRs and TKRs.Patients and methods: The National Joint Registry was linked to the English Hospital Episode Statistics and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) databases. 10,552 cementless UKRs and 10,552 TKRs were propensity matched and regression analysis used to compare revision/reoperation risks. 6-month PROMs were compared. UKR results were stratified by surgeon caseload into low- (< 10 UKRs/year), medium- (10 to < 30 UKRs/year), and high-volume (≥ 30 UKRs/year).Results: 8-year cementless UKR revision survival for the 3 respective caseloads were 90% (95% CI 87–93), 93% (CI 91–95), and 96% (CI 94–97). 8-year reoperation survivals were 76% (CI 71–80), 81% (CI 78–85), and 84% (CI 82–86) respectively. For TKR the 8-year implant survivals for revision and reoperation were 96% (CI 95–97) and 81% (CI 80–83). The HRs for the 3 caseload groups compared with TKR for revision were 2.0 (CI 1.3–2.9), 2.0 (CI 1.6–2.7), and 1.0 (CI 0.8–1.3) and for reoperation were 1.2 (CI 1.0–1.4), 0.9 (CI 0.8–1.0), and 0.6 (CI 0.5–0.7). 6-month Oxford Knee Score (OKS) (39 vs. 37) and EQ-5D (0.80 vs. 0.77) were higher (p < 0.001) for the cementless UKR.Interpretation: Cementless UKRs have higher revision and reoperation rates than TKR for low-volume UKR surgeons, similar reoperation but higher revision rates for mid-volume surgeons, and lower reoperation and similar revision rates for high-volume surgeons. Cementless UKR also had better PROMs.
Surgery rates for lumbar spinal stenosis in Denmark between 2002 and 2018: a registry-based study of 43,454 patients
Authors: Jensen Rikke K , Schiøttz-Christensen Berit , Skovsgaard Christian Volmar , Thorvaldsen Mathias , Mieritz Rune Mygind , Andresen Andreas K , Christensen Henrik Wulff , Hartvigsen Jan
Published: May 2022

Background and purpose: Over the last decades, many countries have shown increased surgery rates for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), but little information is available from Denmark. We describe the development in diagnosis and surgery of LSS in Denmark between 2002 and 2018.Patients and methods: We collected diagnostic ICD10-codes and surgical procedure codes from private and public hospitals in Denmark from the Danish National Patient Register. Patients diagnosed with LSS and those with surgical procedure codes for decompression surgery with or without fusion were identified. Annual surgery rates were stratified by age, sex, and type of surgery.Results: During these 17 years, 132,138 patients diagnosed with LSS and 43,454 surgical procedures for LSS were identified. The number of surgical procedures increased by 144%, from 23 to 56 per 100,000 inhabitants. The proportion of patients diagnosed with LSS who received surgery was about 33%, which was almost stable over time. Decompression without fusion increased by 128% from 18 to 40 per 100,000 inhabitants and decompression with fusion increased by 199%, from 5 to 15 per 100,000.Interpretation: Both the prevalence of LSS diagnoses and LSS surgery rates more than doubled in Denmark between 2002 and 2018. However, the proportion of patients diagnosed with LSS who received surgery remained stable. Decompression surgery with fusion increased at a higher rate than decompression without fusion, although recent evidence suggests no advantage of decompression plus fusion over decompression alone.
«Det finnes en sang for alt!»1 Ansattes begrunnelser for sang i barnehage og skole – en empirisk studie
Authors: Balsnes Anne Haugland , Danbolt Ingrid , Hagen Liv Anna , Haukenes Siri , Knigge Jens , Schei Tiri Bergesen
Published: May 2022

This chapter is based on two studies which aim to provide knowledge about the position of singing in Norwegian kindergartens and schools: (a) a national quantitative cross-sectional survey with kindergarten teachers and primary school/lower secondary school teachers, and (b) case studies in selected kindergartens and schools, where the data collection consisted of participatory observation and interviews with leaders and teachers. The chapter presents an attempt to incorporate both studies into a triangulation design where different types of data material and different analysis methods (quantitative and qualitative) are combined to investigate the question “why sing?” – that is, how singing is justified in kindergarten and school. Furthermore, we ask if different views on the functions of singing correlate with teachers’ personal characteristics (e.g., educational background, musical expertise, age, gender) and with the extent to which teachers sing with their children/students. Theoretical perspectives are grounded in music education philosophy with emphasis on Øivind Varkøy’s (2015) justification categories. The results show that employees in Norwegian kindergartens and schools justify singing with several arguments that are placed within and across Varkøy’s categories. We find a clear consensus among the participants in our sample that singing is particularly relevant for extra-musical functions (e.g., learning a language, building a community). The least emphasized, however, are arguments connected with curricula and the development of the singing voice.
Mengkonstruksi Pembelajaran Matematika Berorientasi Teori Bruner Pada Siswa Smp Muhammadiyah Kota Ternate
Authors: Umar Wahid
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkonstruksi pembelajaran matematika dalam upaya membantu siswa SMP Muhammadiyah Kota Ternate dalam mempelajari operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan pecahan berpenyebut berbeda. Pembelajaran dirancang dengan berorientasi pada teori Bruner, dimana siswa belajar pecahan dan operasinya melalui 3 tahapan penyajian yaitu: tahap enaktif, tahap ikonik dan tahap simbolik.Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan penelitian tindakan. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah guru mata pelajaran matematika (sebagai pengamat) dan 3 orang siswa kelas VII SMP Muhammadiyah Kota Ternate yang ditetapkan sebagai fokus dalam penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, teknik tes, dan wawancara. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam tiga tindakan pembelajaran. Tindakan pembelajaran pertama tentang konsep pecahan. Pembelajaran kedua tentang konsep pecahan senilai. Pembelajaran ketiga tentang operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan pecahan berpenyebut berbeda dengan penyebut pecahan yang satu merupakan faktor dari penyebut pecahan yang lain.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya peneliti membantu siswa mengatasi kesulitan dalam mempelajari operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan pecahan berpenyebut berbeda telah berhasil. Subjek penelitian memperoleh pemahaman yang baik dalam mempelajari materi operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan pecahan berpenyebut berbeda. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil tes formatif setiap akhir tindakan pembelajaran yang menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman mencapai rerata sebesar 94%.
The Implementation Of Geogebra : The Capability Of Students In Mathematical Communication For Primary Student
Authors: Ladysa Dina
Published: May 2022

The result of  international research  as  Program  for International Students Assessment (PISA) in 2006  and The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) in 2007 give the same result.  Indonesia students  in a row get rank 52 from 57 country, and  36 from 48 country that follow the competation. From the result, should be innovation in teaching to enhance the competence of  students. One of  alternative is using sofware Geogebra, it caused as an hypotesis of me. There are three reasons, that’s why choos MatLab (1) Geogebra is powerful , that can give the best visual that can  enhance mathematical communication. (2) Geogebra can related with the real word (3) Geogebra is famous software.
As we know that there are five indicators for mathematical communication. For this article, work sheet that writer  explore  just  the capability conjecture, and generalatation of students.   In reality, all of indicator of mathematical communication can be explored using geogebra because the characteristic of geogebra that can be  representated all of indicators of mathematical communication.
Misdirection in Global Health
Authors: Peeters Grietens Koen , Kingori Patricia , Friesen Phoebe , Gerrets Rene , Douglas-Jones Rachel , Kuhn Gustav
Published: May 2022

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Puheita ja tekoja – osallisuuden haasteet vanhuudessa
Authors: Tamminen Outi , Pirhonen Jari
Published: May 2022

Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitetään, millaisia haasteita vanhojen ihmisten osallisuudelle eläkeikäisten ihmisten kokemuksista ja näkemyksistä piirtyy. Tutkimusaineistona ovat ryhmäkeskustelunauhoituksista tehdyt litteraatit, joita teemoitellaan laadullisen sisällönanalyysin menetelmin. Tulosten perusteella eläkeikäiset ovat valveutuneita ja tietoisia erilaisista palveluista ja yhteiskunnan heille tarjoamista osallistumismahdollisuuksista, mutta sosioekonomisista ja muista syistä johtuen niiden katsotaan jäävän suuren joukon ulottumattomiin. Tulosten perusteella näyttää siltä, että yhteiskunnan markkinoistuminen heijastuu iäkkäiden arkeen, ja nykyisen yhteiskuntapolitiikan voi nähdä syventävän iäkkään väestön sisäisiä sosioekonomisia eroja osallisuuden kokemisessa. Myös koettu ikäsyrjintä vaikuttaa eläkeikäisten arvioihin vanhojen ihmisten osallisuudesta. Tutkimuksen tuottama uusi tieto iäkkäiden osallisuuden haasteista on ajankohtaista erityisesti nyt, kun keväällä 2020 alkanut koronapandemia on aiheuttanut kiivastakin julkista keskustelua sosiaalisen eristäytymisen tematiikasta.
Las religiones mundiales y la teoría de la Era Axial
Authors: Assmann Jan
Published: May 2022

En este artículo, Assmann hace eco de la crítica a las religiones “de libro” expuesta hace cuando menos 130 años atrás por Max Muller. Pero lo hace de manera por demás notable incorporando la idea fundamental de la religión como lenguaje que se comunica con dispositivos técnicos variados (rituales, sortilegios y por supuesto la escritura alfabética que terminará constituyendo un canon, una semántica religiosa propiamente dicha) con consecuencias definitivas para los modos de religiosidad y para las formas que adquieren las culturas. Assmann define con claridad a las religiones mundiales como religiones transnacionales sujetas a planteamientos misiológicos y, por tanto, susceptibles de ser incorporadas con pleno derecho a los estudios poscoloniales. También estamos frente a un texto donde la semántica religiosa y la semántica científica tienen un feliz encuentro.
Post-genomics, Evo-Devo and the recurrence of teleologic thought†
Authors: Layer Paul Gottlob
Published: May 2022

The post-genomic era raises questions about neo-Darwinian genetic determinism. Instead, open aspects of macroevolution become intelligible by Evo-Devo research. At all developmental levels, self-organization acts robustly towards “wholeness”, as exemplified by organoid technologies. In retinal reaggregates histotypical features are reached along different formative routes. Thus, tissue formation is not merely gene-directed, but channeled by unpredictable external conditions. These insights restrict conceptions of onto- and phylogenesis. Neither is characterized by unlimited randomness nor by finite genocentrism. A re-examination of Driesch’s drive to wholeness, i.e., robustness and intentionality, appears timely, while his teleologic postulates remain undecidable by reductionist reasoning.
Comparison between SEPs of CaCO3 and TiO2 in phosphor layer for better color uniformity and stable luminous flux of WLEDs with 7,000 K
Authors: Le Phan Xuan , Trang Tran Thanh , Anh Nguyen Doan Quoc , Lee Hsiao-Yi , Tho Le Van
Published: May 2022

CaCO3 and TiO2 are proposed in this study as particles for scattering enhancement (SEPs) of phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs). The use of these two SEPs for scattering improvement enables boosting of the color homogeneity of the WLED devices. Each SEP is mixed with YAG:Ce3+ and silicone composition to examine their optical influences and performances on the high-power WLED packages with 7,000 K color temperature (CT). Miescattering theory is applied to calculate and investigate the scattering elements – scattering coefficients, anisotropic scattering, the reduced scattering, and scattering amplitudes – at the wavelengths of 450 nm and 550 nm. The results exhibit that TiO2 and CaCO3 considerably promote higher color uniformity and color-deviated reduction, respectively. The obtained results could be primarily attributed to the significant improvement in the scattering properties of the structure. Additionally, the effects of the presented scattering enhancement on luminous efficiency are displayed. The reduction in lumen output is observed to have a close connection with the concentration and particle size of TiO2 and CaCO3, which means that control must be exercised over these factors when utilizing these SEPs for WLED fabrication.
Shifting the Opioid Conversation from Stigma to Strengths: Opportunities for Developing Community-Academic Partnerships
Authors: Austin Robin , Jones Clarence , Dominguez Augustine , Hawkins Diana , Ondara Carren , Haynes David , Monsen Karen , Eder Milton
Published: May 2022

Background: Opioid misuse and abuse is a longstanding concern, particularly in underserved communities. Community-level data is needed to understand how to best address the opioid crisis. A strengths-based whole-person approach can offset challenges in working to maximize individual health.
Objectives: Project objectives included acquiring and providing data to the community to engage members in meaningful conversations about opioid misuse and abuse and gather insights to shape a response to the opioid crisis.
Methods: University of Minnesota School of Nursing faculty collaborated with community partner Hue-MAN Partnership, to develop and implement a Community Opioid Survey at neighborhood meetings. The MyStrengths+MyHealth assessment was used to identify strengths of community members. Community meetings included introductions by the Hue-MAN Partnership, presentation of the survey data, and facilitated discussion to involve community members in data interpretation and solution development.
Results: Data was collected at 11 community meetings between June 2018 and May 2019. Approximately half of respondents had been affected by opioid misuse or overdose; oxycodone was the most frequent opioid involved; community clinics were the most available resource; and community education was identified as a needed resource to reduce misuse and overdose. Communities perceived and used language differently in talking about opioids.
Conclusion: The community-academic- partnership enabled collection of community-specific data that may have been inaccessible to researchers working alone. Access to community-specific data holds promise for increasing research relevance and for engaging community knowledge and needs.
Call for Papers: The Cooperative, Caring, and Moral Nature of Humans: Honoring David Loye
Authors: Editors IJPS
Published: May 2022

In honor of the life and work of Dr. David Loye (April 26, 1925 – January 25, 2022), the theme of the second issue of the Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies in 2022 will be the historical understanding and future possibilities for the more cooperative, caring, and moral nature of humans, including research and practical manifestations of empathy and moral sensitivity. The submission deadline is August 15, 2022.
Actinic keratosis (review of literature)
Authors: Filonenko E. V. , Okushko S. S.
Published: May 2022

Actinic keratosis is an important medical and social problem, the correct diagnosis and treatment of which will help to avoid the development of invasive forms of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. With the further development of the early diagnosis of cancer, including skin cancer, the increase in human life expectancy, and the popularization of travel to exotic countries, the number of cases of actinic keratosis among the population will continue to grow. In this regard, it is important to discuss the causes and pathogenesis of the disease, the varied clinical picture of the disease, methods of non-invasive diagnostics, as well as methods of treatment, of which there are a great many in the treatment of actinic keratosis today. However, each of the methods has both advantages and disadvantages, and in the global trend towards a personalized approach to treatment, it is important to choose from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine the most suitable for each individual patient. Moreover, after treatment of actinic keratosis, relapses often occur, which are the result of insufficient diagnosis and the development of incorrect treatment tactics. The review article provides the clinical picture of actinic keratosis, diagnostic and therapeutic methods, and their comparison with each other in terms of efficacy and safety