bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of an allied health led, workplace delivered Long COVID service for hospital staff: a mixed-methods study
Authors: D’Souza Aruska N. , Granger Catherine L. , Calulo Rivera Zoe , Burke Aisling , Ngwenya Riley , Struck Carly , Merrett Myvanwy , Fazio Timothy N. , Juj Genevieve , Peiris Casey L.
Published: October 2024

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a workplace-delivered outpatient multidisciplinary service (ReCOV) for staff experiencing post COVID-19 condition (‘Long COVID’). Methods A mixed-methods study of staff at a large, tertiary hospital with Long COVID who attended the service was conducted. Participants completed questionnaires to determine baseline symptoms and were offered allied health appointments for up to 12 weeks each based on clinical indication. Acceptability, implementation, practicality and limited efficacy were evaluated via one-on-one semi-structured interviews and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Limited efficacy was evaluated via pre- and post-questionnaires and demand via multidisciplinary utilisation. Results Twenty-three (median age 37 [interquartile range 30–45] years, 52% female) participants were included. Participants had appointments with a median of 4 [3–5] different professions; most commonly exercise physiology (n = 19, 83%), occupational therapy (n = 17, 74%) and neuropsychology (n = 15, 65%). Median time spent on the ReCOV service was 15 [9–19] weeks. Thirteen semi-structured interviews were completed and analysed. Participants valued ReCOV for being a COVID-19 specific, convenient, flexible and multidisciplinary service at their workplace. Participants preferred the service to have been available for longer than 12 weeks to achieve further benefits as many participants perceived little change in physical health. Conclusions Attending a multidisciplinary service located at their workplace was feasible for staff to manage post COVID-19 symptoms. Further research is required to confirm the efficacy on patient outcomes.
Evaluating patient experience and healthcare utilisation in cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Siu Adrian , Steffens Daniel , Ansari Nabila , Karunaratne Sascha , Solanki Henna , Ahmadi Nima , Solomon Michael , Koh Cherry
Published: October 2024

Objective Approximately 30% of Australians reside in rural communities, where accessing healthcare facilities can be challenging due to considerable distance. This can result in disparities in healthcare equity, subsequently increasing risk of adverse health outcomes, delayed diagnosis, and diminished quality of life. These geographical constraints may be exacerbated in advanced cancers for which treatment is available only at selected centres with appropriate expertise. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the impact of patient residence on experience and healthcare utilisation following cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Methods A retrospective study examined consecutive CRS and HIPEC patients at Royal Prince Alfred hospital from 2017 to 2022. Patients were stratified as metropolitan and regional based on their postcode. Demographics, experiential, and healthcare utilisation data were collected at multiple time points. Statistical analysis included chi-squared and T-tests. Results Of the 317 participants, 228 (72%) were from metropolitan and 89 (28%) from regional areas. Regional patients tended to rate their hospital experience as ‘very good’ (P = 0.016). Metropolitan patients were more compliant with surgical follow-up (P < 0.001). No other differences were observed in patient characteristics, experience or healthcare utilisation. Conclusions The geographical location of patients undergoing CRS and HIPEC for peritoneal malignancies at a major tertiary referral centre did not significantly influence their experience or healthcare utilisation outcomes. Future studies should evaluate long-term healthcare service utilisation or the ramifications of reduced follow-up on recurrence and survival, which will contribute to a deeper understanding of resource allocation in metropolitan and regional Australia, and illuminate its impact on clinical outcomes.
Pelvic myofascial pain is associated with restriction of sexual activity in women with pelvic pain: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Till Sara R. , Schrepf Andrew , As-Sanie Sawsan
Published: October 2024

Background Dyspareunia and restriction of sexual activity are often reported by patients with chronic pelvic pain, but less is known about which conditions or factors contribute most to these symptoms. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of consecutive new patients who presented to a chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis referral clinic between January 2013 and December 2015. Patients completed a detailed questionnaire prior to their first visit and underwent a comprehensive standardised pelvic examination at their first visit. Patients were grouped according to description of sexual activity as ‘normal activity without pain’, ‘normal activity but painful’, ‘severely restricted by pain’, or ‘absent due to pain.’ Primary outcome was restriction of sexual activity due to pain. Multinomial logistic regression was performed with ‘normal activity without pain’ group as reference category and adjusted for age, depression, history of endometriosis, and pelvic myofascial pain. Results Over half of the 187 patients with chronic pelvic pain described severely restricted (n = 75, 40.1%) or absent (n = 21, 11.2%) sexual activity due to pain. Pelvic myofascial pain was highly prevalent in this population and pelvic myofascial tenderness score was associated with higher odds of sexual activity that was severely restricted by pain (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.09, P = 0.006) or absent due to pain (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04–1.13, P < 0.001). History of endometriosis and depression were not independently associated with restriction of sexual activity due to pain. Conclusion Dyspareunia and sexual dysfunction are highly prevalent among patients with chronic pelvic pain, and pelvic myofascial pain is strongly associated with restriction of sexual activity due to pain.
No birth-associated maternal mortality in Japanese macaques (
Macaca fuscata
) despite giving birth to large-headed neonates
Authors: Pink Katharina E. , Fischer Barbara , Huffman Michael A. , Miyabe-Nishiwaki Takako , Suda-Hashimoto Naoko , Kaneko Akihisa , Wallner Bernard , Pflüger Lena S.
Published: October 2024

Human fetuses at term are large relative to the dimensions of the maternal birth canal, implying that their birth can be associated with difficulties. The tight passage through the human birth canal can lead to devastating outcomes if birth becomes obstructed, including maternal and fetal death. Although macaques have to accommodate similarly large fetuses, relative to their maternal birth canals, it was not known whether macaque mothers face birth difficulties similar to humans. Based on 27 y of demographic data from a semi-free-ranging, closely monitored population of Japanese macaques (
Macaca fuscata
), we found no birth-associated mortality in macaques. This differs from the situation in many human populations. We suggest three nonmutually exclusive hypotheses to explain these observations. i) The macaque fetal skull is similarly flexible as the human fetal skull. ii) The macaque pelvis and connective tissue show greater flexibility during birth. iii) The interplay between macaque pelvic shape and birth dynamics is smoother and incurs fewer complications than in humans.
La traduction français-espagnol de «voici» et de «voilà» dans Les 7 boules de cristal
Authors: Parra-Simón Mª Carmen
Published: October 2024

Traduire des termes idiomatiques s’avère une tâche de réflexion complexe (Cennamo,
2020) où plusieurs techniques et stratégies traductologiques sont mises en œuvre. Ainsi, la bande dessinée suppose un défi
traductologique parce qu’elle conjugue des références culturelles à travers des images mais aussi à travers du code linguistique. Dans ce
chapitre, nous analyserons les traductions français-espagnol de «voici» et de «voilà» dans Les 7 boules de cristal,
l’œuvre d’Hergé. Leurs caractéristiques syntaxiques et sémantiques et leurs propres valeurs énonciatives en fonction du contexte montrent
les défis auxquels le traducteur se confronte pour les adapter au public hispanophone. Voici l’importance de la phraséoculturologie (Chen, 2022) dans la traduction des péripéties de Tintin et ses comparses.
Las colocaciones como fenómeno cultural
Authors: Blasco Iván Martínez
Published: October 2024

The metaphorical light verb construction has often been treated as a type of idiosyncratic verbonominal structure. In this
article, we will assess the importance of the notion of predicative analysis (Gross 2012) in the
linguistic characterization of these structures. To this end, we will define the principles underlying predicative analysis with the aim
of proposing a compatible taxonomy of metaphorical light verbs. Finally, we will apply these principles on a bilingual corpus of
Spanish-French journalistic texts where we will assess the validity of predicative analysis in the description of a set of predicative
nouns denoting human feelings.
Collocations of “woman” and “mujer” in the UN Parallel Corpus
Authors: López-Medel María
Published: October 2024

Gender equality, as a fundamental human right, is far from being achieved. Women are still the vulnerable sex, and pandemics
and geopolitical and financial crises only make matters worse. The global predicament of violence, poverty and stereotyping that women
endure can be seen in language through a qualitative study of the appearance, variation and frequency of the collocations of “woman” in
the United Nations parallel corpus. What is perhaps unexpected is the role of translation as a perpetuator or exacerbator of women’s
subordinate position, even to the extent of making violence against women invisible or unimportant.
La traduction en français d’unités phraséologiques impliquées dans l’expression du désaccord en roumain
Authors: Vlad Daciana
Published: October 2024

Notre article traite des problèmes que pose la traduction en français d’unités phraséologiques impliquées dans l’expression du
désaccord en roumain, en accordant une attention particulière aux difficultés posées par la traduction d’unités portant une empreinte
culturelle. Il s’agit de phraséologismes comme:
Le cam înflorești
‘Tu en rajoutes’;
Ce tot îndrugi
acolo? ‘Qu’est-ce que tu me chantes là?!’;
Nu mă-nnebuni!
‘Sans blague!’;
Lasă
brașoavele!
‘Arrête de raconter des histoires!’.

Nous mettrons en évidence l’hétérogénéité de leurs réalisations phrastiques ainsi que les types de correspondances qui
s’établissent entre les phrasèmes roumains et leurs équivalents français. Nous identifierons enfin les procédés de traduction mobilisés
dans leur transfert d’une langue vers l’autre, en expliquant les difficultés que pose la traduction d’unités contenant des culturèmes,
comme
Lasă brașoavele!.
Équivalents culturels dans la traduction de locutions somatiques (roum. gât / fr. cou,
gorge)
Authors: Dincă Daniela , Bădescu Ilona
Published: October 2024

Les unités phraséologiques sont des unités polylexicales portant les marques des coutumes et des mentalités spécifiques à une
communauté linguistique, ce qui leur attribue des traits comme l’idiomaticité, l’opacité, la
figuralité et l’iconocité (González-Rey 2021). Concernant le
rapport phraséologie-traduction, Jean-René Ladmiral (2018) met à l’honneur l’idiomaticité des
langues qui rend très difficile le transfert culturel d’une langue-source vers une langue-cible. Dans notre article, l’objectif principal
est celui d’analyser la conceptualisation des noms de parties du corps dans les locutions somatiques construites en roumain avec le lexème
gât (fr. cou, gorge) dans une perspective traductologique pour classifier les
équivalents culturels dans la transposition du roumain vers le français.
Transferring cultural references in sports and music entertainment domains of bilateral interpretation
Authors: Kolchugina Natalia
Published: October 2024

The paper focuses on sports and music entertainment areas of bilateral interpretation in the Russian-Spanish language pair.
The research consists of an observational part and an experimental study on communicative strategies and the impact that cultural
references have on the quality and the evaluation of the interpreters’ performance. The results proved that interpreters face certain
difficulties when extracting cultural references from the source text and transferring them to the target text. Two bilateral
interpretation audios are prepared so that semi-experts and experts can evaluate their quality. The analysis shows that understanding and
adequate use of cultural references in sports and music entertainment domains of bilateral interpretation can be considered a way of
establishing successful communication between the involved parties.
One Health Best Practice Case Study: Advancing National One Health Coordination in the United States through the One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization Process
Authors: Barton Behravesh Casey , Dutcher Tracey , Sleeman Jonathan M. , Rooney Jane , Hopkins Camille , Goryoka Grace , Medford Rochelle , Cristiano Dominic , Wendling Natalie M.
Published: October 2024

The U.S. government advances One Health coordination through the best practices of jointly developing shared priorities and utilizing formalized coordination platforms to connect partners from public health, agriculture, wildlife, environment, and other sectors at the national, subnational (e.g. state, tribal, local, and territorial), and non-governmental levels (e.g. academia, industry, non-governmental organizations, and the public) levels. Coordinated efforts were strengthened through the U.S. One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization (OHZDP) workshop in 2017, which led to the prioritization of eight zoonotic diseases and development of next steps and action plans for One Health collaboration across federal agencies (Prioritizing Zoonotic Diseases for Multisectoral, One Health Collaboration in the United States, 2017). This One Health best practice was used to prioritize the top endemic and emerging zoonoses of greatest concern for the United States, identify gaps, and define plans for U.S. government One Health collaboration to address the priority zoonotic diseases. Multiple actions that strengthened One Health coordination were enacted, including establishing the One Health Federal Interagency COVID-19 Coordination (OH-FICC) group. To further advance One Health in the United States, Congress mandated that the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Department of the Interior, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture collaborate to develop the National One Health Framework to Address Zoonotic Diseases and Advance Public Health Preparedness in the United States as well as formalize a One Health, multisectoral coordination mechanism, the United States One Health Coordination Unit at the federal level (Appropriations Committee Report, 2021; Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023). Enhancing national level One Health coordination in the United States has also helped advance collaboration with subnational and non-governmental levels to address timely One Health issues.

Information

© The Authors 2024. Open Access.
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Being Humane in Inhumane Places: A Collection of Papers about Trauma-Informed Forensic Practice
Authors: Jones Lawrence , Winder Belinda , Day Andrew
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces the special issue of the journal on trauma-informed care in forensic settings. We consider the contributions of each of the papers, followed by a discussion of the complexities of work in this area. We conclude by proposing three general principles that can be used to guide the ongoing development of trauma-informed forensic practice.
Dachsous and Fat coordinately repress the Dachs–Dlish–Approximated complex to control growth
Authors: Matakatsu Hitoshi , Fehon Richard G.
Published: October 2024

Two protocadherins, Dachsous and Fat, regulate organ growth in Drosophila via the Hippo pathway. Dachsous and Fat bind heterotypically to regulate the abundance and subcellular localization of a “core complex” consisting of Dachs, Dlish, and Approximated. This complex localizes to the junctional cortex where it represses Warts. Dachsous is believed to promote growth by recruiting and stabilizing this complex, while Fat represses growth by promoting its degradation. Here, we examine the functional relationships between the intracellular domains of Dachsous and Fat and the core complex. While Dachsous promotes the accumulation of core complex proteins in puncta, it is not required for their assembly. Indeed, the core complex accumulates maximally in the absence of both Dachsous and Fat. Furthermore, Dachsous represses growth in the absence of Fat by removing the core complex from the junctional cortex. Fat similarly recruits core complex components but promotes their degradation. Our findings reveal that Dachsous and Fat coordinately constrain tissue growth by repressing the core complex.
Functional role of myosin-binding protein H in thick filaments of developing vertebrate fast-twitch skeletal muscle
Authors: Mead Andrew F. , Wood Neil B. , Nelson Shane R. , Palmer Bradley M. , Yang Lin , Previs Samantha Beck , Ploysangngam Angela , Kennedy Guy G. , McAdow Jennifer F. , Tremble Sarah M. , Zimmermann Marcus A. , Cipolla Marilyn J. , Ebert Alicia M. , Johnson Aaron N. , Gurnett Christina A. , Previs Michael J. , Warshaw David M.
Published: October 2024

Myosin-binding protein H (MyBP-H) is a component of the vertebrate skeletal muscle sarcomere with sequence and domain homology to myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C). Whereas skeletal muscle isoforms of MyBP-C (fMyBP-C, sMyBP-C) modulate muscle contractility via interactions with actin thin filaments and myosin motors within the muscle sarcomere “C-zone,” MyBP-H has no known function. This is in part due to MyBP-H having limited expression in adult fast-twitch muscle and no known involvement in muscle disease. Quantitative proteomics reported here reveal that MyBP-H is highly expressed in prenatal rat fast-twitch muscles and larval zebrafish, suggesting a conserved role in muscle development and prompting studies to define its function. We take advantage of the genetic control of the zebrafish model and a combination of structural, functional, and biophysical techniques to interrogate the role of MyBP-H. Transgenic, FLAG-tagged MyBP-H or fMyBP-C both localize to the C-zones in larval myofibers, whereas genetic depletion of endogenous MyBP-H or fMyBP-C leads to increased accumulation of the other, suggesting competition for C-zone binding sites. Does MyBP-H modulate contractility in the C-zone? Globular domains critical to MyBP-C’s modulatory functions are absent from MyBP-H, suggesting that MyBP-H may be functionally silent. However, our results suggest an active role. In vitro motility experiments indicate MyBP-H shares MyBP-C’s capacity as a molecular “brake.” These results provide new insights and raise questions about the role of the C-zone during muscle development.
A review of gravitational memory and BMS frame fixing in numerical relativity
Authors: Mitman Keefe , Boyle Michael , Stein Leo C , Deppe Nils , Kidder Lawrence E , Moxon Jordan , Pfeiffer Harald P , Scheel Mark A , Teukolsky Saul A , Throwe William , Vu Nils L
Published: October 2024

Gravitational memory effects and the BMS freedoms exhibited at future null infinity have recently been resolved and utilized in numerical relativity simulations. With this, gravitational wave models and our understanding of the fundamental nature of general relativity have been vastly improved. In this paper, we review the history and intuition behind memory effects and BMS symmetries, how they manifest in gravitational waves, and how controlling the infinite number of BMS freedoms of numerical relativity simulations can crucially improve the waveform models that are used by gravitational wave detectors. We reiterate the fact that, with memory effects and BMS symmetries, not only can these next-generation numerical waveforms be used to observe never-before-seen physics, but they can also be used to test GR and learn new astrophysical information about our Universe.
On the applicability of low-cost GNSS antennas to precise surveying applications
Authors: Dawidowicz Karol , Paziewski Jacek , Stępniak Katarzyna , Krzan Grzegorz
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the scientific question of the applicability of low-cost antennas to the most precise Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications. First of all, we inspect the implications of the availability and quality of low-cost antenna PCC models for precise positioning. From this point of view, we analyze the selected performance indicators of multi-constellation positioning with the representative set of low-cost mass-market GNSS receiver antennas. The processing strategy was based on the relative positioning model, considered the most reliable and precise one. To isolate the antenna-related errors from atmospheric propagation ones, we conducted an experiment based on an ultra-short baseline. As the main indications of low-cost antenna performance, we considered distance and height residuals, defined as the difference between benchmarks and the retrieved from GNSS measurements. We found that the low-cost antenna’s phase center variation effect may significantly affect the final results. On the other hand, the results obtained using certain configurations of low-cost antennas were characterized by only slightly higher standard deviations and discrepancies with respect to benchmark values than those obtained with surveying or geodetic equipment. We identify several sets of low-cost antennas where distance residuals do not exceed 4 mm and height residuals do not exceed 6 mm, which shows the low-cost antenna performance comparable to those achieved using high-grade antennas. On this basis, we conclude that selected low-cost antennas can meet the requirements of high-precision surveying applications.
Self-assembled micro-patterns in uphill-diffusion solution system
Authors: Li Jin , Xiang Zezhong , Li Shunpu
Published: October 2024

In this work we present self-organized regular patterns in a solution system through uphill-diffusion. Micrometer thick organic semiconductor solution is sandwiched between a substrate and cover-plate. Self-assembled regular patterns can be observed on the substrate after solvent evaporation. Different micro-patterns and pattern defects were displayed and analyzed. Mechanisms of defect formation, mode selection process during patten generation, and pattern sedimentation onto substrate from solution were proposed. Organic thin film transistors were fabricated with the assembled line patterns which demonstrate a promising way to produce patterned micro/nano materials.
Simulating graphene-based single-electron transistor: incoherent current effects due to the presence of electron–electron interaction
Authors: dos Santos Washington F , Amorim Felippe , Reily Rocha Alexandre
Published: October 2024

Carbon-based nanostructures have unparalleled electronic properties. At the same time, using an allotrope of carbon as the contacts can yield better device control and reproducibility. In this work, we simulate a single-electron transistor composed of a segment of a graphene nanoribbon coupled to carbon nanotubes electrodes. Using the non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism we atomistically describe the electronic transport properties of the system including electron–electron interactions. Using this methodology we are able to recover experimentally observed phenomena, such as the Coulomb blockade, as well as the corresponding Coulomb diamonds. Furthermore, we separate the different contributions to transport and show that incoherent effects due to the interaction play a crucial role in the transport properties depending on the region of the stability diagram being considered.
A viscoelastic harvester-absorber for energy generation and vibration control
Authors: E Gelves Aaron , Febbo Mariano , A Bavastri Carlos
Published: October 2024

A vibration energy harvester harnesses the oscillatory movement and converts it into electrical energy. On the other hand, a (dynamic) vibration absorber dissipates the mechanical energy of a host structure (primary system). The proposal for a harvester-absorber device (HAD), comprinsing a piezoelectric element (conventional harvester) bonded with a viscoelastic layer and a steel constrained layer, is based on the dual purpose of generating energy and at the same time reducing the vibratory response of the primary system. Introducing a viscoelastic dissipative layer in a conventional harvester, also offers the advantage of simultaneously reducing wear on the piezoelectric element, thereby extending its lifespan and preventing fatigue-related breakage. The paper presents a model of a harvester-absorber built from a bimorph piezoelectric beam, a layer of viscoelastic material (E-A-R C1002-01PSA) and a beam of steel, which acts as a constrained layer. A lumped parameter model is proposed for the theoretical description of the HAD which is successfully used to experimentally determine its parameters. After that, and using the equivalent stiffness concept, the HAD was coupled to a free-free beam with two masses at its ends to study its perfomance over a real host structure. The inertance of the composite system and voltage/force frequency response function of the HAD were obtained and compared with experimental results. The accuracy of the results justifies and validate the model which has the advantage of simplicity and can contribute to reducing wear and increasing the lifespan of brittle piezoelectric structures.
Out-of-plane compressive properties of a butterfly-shaped auxetic metamaterial
Authors: Alomarah Amer , Dalfi Hussein , Al-Obaidi Anwer J , Ruan Dong
Published: October 2024

Inspired by butterfly, a bio butterfly-shaped auxetic metamaterial (BSAM) was recently proposed in which the unite cell of BSAM was designed based on silhouette of a butterfly. The distinguished in-plane mechanical properties made the BSAM a potential absorber to be used in a broad range of applications. The aim of this study is to examine the out-of-plane mechanical properties under quasi-static compression. Using the validated FE models, a comparison was carried out between BSAM and two popular auxetic honeycombs, namely, re-entrant (RE) and modified re-entrant (MRE). Results showed that the nominal stress–strain curves of the BSAM were significantly higher than those of auxetic honeycombs (RE and MRE). However, the MRE revealed the highest Young’s modulus. The plateau stresses were 10.5 MPa, 7.5 MPa and 3.3 MPa for the compressed BSAM, MRE and RE, respectively. Furthermore, the calculated values of the specific energy absorption per volume (Wv) of the three structures indicated that the percentage of the absorbed energy by the BSAM was 182% and 456% higher than those absorbed by the MRE and RE, respectively. Based on the determined values of ideal Wv (11.4 J cm−3 ‘BSAM’, 5.2 J cm−3 ‘MRE’ and 2.3 J cm−3 ‘RE’), the energy efficiency of the three structures was 64%, 79% and 69% of the total energy in the case BSAM, MRE and RE, respectively. Moreover, the influence of the in-plane thickness (t
1) and the thickness of cylinders (t
2) on the mechanical performance of the BSAM were examined through a parametric study. Findings of the parametric study indicated that the mechanical properties as a function of t
1 were considerably affected, while moderate influence was resulted as a function of t
2.
Optimizing energy density in dielectric elastomer generators: a reliability-dependent metric
Authors: Taine Emmanuel , Andritsch Thomas , Saeedi Istebreq A , Morshuis Peter H F
Published: October 2024

Dielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) are soft transducers capable of converting mechanical energy into electrostatic energy. Increasing the mechanical stretch amplitude and the electric field imposed to the DEG leads to higher energy conversion at the cost of a reduced lifetime. Here, mechanical fatigue and electrical degradation were assessed on a silicone-based DEG, and the outcome was used to build an electro-mechanical reliability model. A novel metric, termed levelized energy density, has been introduced to carefully balance the conflicting objectives of high energy output and long-term reliability. Through a multi-dimensional anaylsis of this index, the optimal operating parameters (stretch amplitude and electric field) that maximize energy conversion can be derived. Energy densities reported in literature are generally obtained after pushing the DEG close to their intrinsic limits for a limited number of cycles. In our approach, more realistic values in the endurance domain are presented, which typically leads to a 9-fold decrease in energy density for a design life of 1 million cycles. This article not only addresses the challenge of optimizing DEG performance but also emphasizes the importance of considering realistic operational conditions to enhance reliability, ultimately contributing to the practical and sustainable deployment of these soft transducers in various applications.
Block-based color image encryption algorithm by a novel memristor chaotic system and new RNA computation
Authors: Yang Yang , Yang Degang
Published: October 2024

The security of images is closely related to the protection of information privacy. We proposed a novel 5D memory resistive chaotic system (5D-MRCS), which exhibits good chaotic characteristics. Therefore, we employed it to design an image encryption algorithm aimed at ensuring secure image transmission. To further enhance the complexity of the algorithm and obtain more chaotic sequences, we combine the 5D-MRCS with the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model and use this combination in algorithm design. Initially, we combine the plain image with the hash function SHA-384 to devise and generate the secret key. Subsequently, the algorithm determines whether to pad the plain image based on different block size requirements. Then, we use multiple chaotic sequences generated by the 5D-MRCS and HH model to perform the global image permutation operation. Our designed permutation algorithm includes two parts: Block-based permutation and a new pixel-level permutation. Next, the scrambled image undergoes block-based random RNA diffusion, incorporating two newly proposed methods in the RNA operations, ultimately resulting in the ciphertext image. The algorithm’s NPCR, UACI, information entropy, and other security performance metrics are very close to the ideal values, and it possess characteristics such as resistance to differential, cutting, chosen plaintext, and noise attacks. Compared with other algorithms, it still has some advantages across multiple images and demonstrates excellent image encryption performance.
Decoding multi-limb movements from two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal activity using deep learning
Authors: Park Seungbin , Lipton Megan , Dadarlat Maria C
Published: October 2024

Objective. Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) aim to restore sensorimotor function to individuals suffering from neural injury and disease. A critical step in implementing a BMI is to decode movement intention from recorded neural activity patterns in sensorimotor areas. Optical imaging, including two-photon (2p) calcium imaging, is an attractive approach for recording large-scale neural activity with high spatial resolution using a minimally-invasive technique. However, relating slow two-photon calcium imaging data to fast behaviors is challenging due to the relatively low optical imaging sampling rates. Nevertheless, neural activity recorded with 2p calcium imaging has been used to decode information about stereotyped single-limb movements and to control BMIs. Here, we expand upon prior work by applying deep learning to decode multi-limb movements of running mice from 2p calcium imaging data. Approach. We developed a recurrent encoder–decoder network (LSTM-encdec) in which the output is longer than the input. Main results. LSTM-encdec could accurately decode information about all four limbs (contralateral and ipsilateral front and hind limbs) from calcium imaging data recorded in a single cortical hemisphere. Significance. Our approach provides interpretability measures to validate decoding accuracy and expands the utility of BMIs by establishing the groundwork for control of multiple limbs. Our work contributes to the advancement of neural decoding techniques and the development of next-generation optical BMIs.
E-SAT: an extreme learning machine based self attention approach for decoding motor imagery EEG in subject-specific tasks
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Ahmed , Abbasi Hafza Faiza , Yu Xiaojun , Aziz Muhammad Zulkifal , Yih Nicole Tye June , Fan Zeming
Published: October 2024

Objective. Despite substantial advancements in Brain–Computer Interface (BCI), inherent limitations such as extensive training time and high sensitivity to noise largely hinder their rapid development. To address such issues, this paper proposes a novel extreme learning machine (ELM) based self-attention (E-SAT) mechanism to enhance subject-specific classification performances.
Approach. Specifically, for E-SAT, ELM is employed both to improve self-attention module generalization ability for feature extraction and to optimize the model’s parameter initialization process. Meanwhile, the extracted features are also classified using ELM, and the end-to-end ELM based setup is used to evaluate E-SAT performance on different motor imagery (MI) EEG signals.
Main results. Extensive experiments with different datasets, such as BCI Competition III Datasets IV-a, IV-b and BCI Competition IV Datasets 1, 2a, 2b, 3 are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed E-SAT strategy. Results show that E-SAT outperforms several state-of-the-art and existing methods in subject-specific classification on all the datasets. An average classification accuracy of 99.8%, 99.1%, 98.9%, 75.8%, 90.8%, and 95.4% respectively is achieved for each datasets which demonstrate an improvement of 5%–6% compared to the existing methods. In addition, Kruskal Wallis test is performed to demonstrate the statistical significance of E-SAT and the results indicate significant difference with a 95% confidence level. Significance. The experimental results not only show outstanding performance of E-SAT in feature extraction, but also demonstrate that it helps achieve the best results among nine other robust classifiers. In addition, results in this study also demonstrate that E-SAT achieves exceptional performance in both binary and multi-class classification tasks, as well as for noisy and non-noisy datasets.
Feeling senseless sensations: a crossmodal EEG study of mismatched tactile and visual experiences in virtual reality
Authors: Lehser Caroline , Hillyard Steven A , Strauss Daniel J
Published: October 2024

Objective. To create highly immersive experiences in virtual reality (VR) it is important to not only include the visual sense but also to involve multimodal sensory input. To achieve optimal results, the temporal and spatial synchronization of these multimodal inputs is critical. It is therefore necessary to find methods to objectively evaluate the synchronization of VR experiences with a continuous tracking of the user. Approach. In this study a passive touch experience was incorporated in a visual-tactile VR setup using VR glasses and tactile sensations in mid-air. Inconsistencies of multimodal perception were intentionally integrated into a discrimination task. The participants’ electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded to obtain neural correlates of visual-tactile mismatch situations. Main results. The results showed significant differences in the event-related potentials (ERP) between match and mismatch situations. A biphasic ERP configuration consisting of a positivity at 120 ms and a later negativity at 370 ms was observed following a visual-tactile mismatch. Significance. This late negativity could be related to the N400 that is associated with semantic incongruency. These results provide a promising approach towards the objective evaluation of visual-tactile synchronization in virtual experiences.
Effect of detachment on Magnum-PSI ELM-like pulses: direct observations and qualitative results
Authors: Federici Fabio , Lipschultz Bruce , Akkermans Gijs R.A. , Verhaegh Kevin , Reinke Matthew L. , Classen Ivo G.J. ,   Magnum-PSI Team
Published: October 2024

Conditions similar to those at the end of the divertor leg in a tokamak were replicated in the linear plasma machine Magnum-PSI. The neutral pressure in the target chamber is then increased to cause the target to transition from an attached to a detached state. Superimposed to this steady state regime, edge localised mode (ELM)-like pulses are reproduced, resulting in a sudden increase in plasma temperature and density, such that the heat flux increases transiently by half an order of magnitude. Visible light emission, target thermography, and Thomson scattering are used to demonstrate that the higher the neutral pressure the more energy is removed from the ELM-like pulse in the volume. If the neutral pressure is sufficiently high, the ELM-like pulse can be prevented from affecting the target and the plasma energy is fully dissipated in the volume instead (ID 4 in table 1). The visible light images allow the division of the ELM-plasma interaction process of ELM energy dissipation into 3 ‘stages’ ranging from no dissipation to full dissipation (the target plasma is detached). In the second publication related to this study, spectroscopic data is analysed with a Bayesian approach, to acquire insights into the significance of molecular processes in dissipating the plasma energy and particles.
Application of the VMM ASIC for SiPM-based calorimetry
Authors: Bearden I. , Buchakchiev V. , Buhl A. , Dufke L. , Isidori T. , Jia S. , Kozhuharov V. , Loizides C. , Muller H. , Pfeiffer D. , Rauch M. , Rusu A. , Simeonov R.
Published: October 2024

Highly integrated multichannel readout electronics is
crucial in contemporary particle physics experiments. A novel
silicon photomultiplier readout system based on the VMM3a ASIC was
developed, for the first time exploiting this chip for calorimetric
purposes. To extend the dynamic range the signal from each SiPM
channel was processed by two electronics channels with different
gain. A fully operational prototype system with 256 SiPM readout
channels allowed the collection of data from a prototype of the
ALICE Forward Hadron Calorimeter (FoCal-H Prototype 2). The design
and the test beam results using high energy hadron beams are
presented and discussed, confirming the applicability of VMM3a-based
solutions for energy measurements in a high rate environment.
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superfields and geometry revisited
Authors: Hull Chris , Zabzine Maxim
Published: October 2024

We take a fresh look at the relation between generalised Kähler geometry and

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supersymmetric sigma models in two dimensions formulated in terms of (2, 2) superfields. Dual formulations in terms of different kinds of superfield are combined to give a formulation with a doubled target space and both the original superfield and the dual superfield. For Kähler geometry, we show that this doubled geometry is Donaldson’s deformation of the holomorphic cotangent bundle of the original Kähler manifold. This doubled formulation gives an elegant geometric reformulation of the equations of motion. We interpret the equations of motion as the intersection of two Lagrangian submanifolds (or of a Lagrangian submanifold with an isotropic one) in the infinite dimensional symplectic supermanifold which is the analogue of phase space. We then consider further extensions of this formalism, including one in which the geometry is quadrupled, and discuss their geometry.
Spatial photoinduced doping of graphene/hBN heterostructures characterized by quantum Hall transport
Authors: Le Son T , Mai Thuc T , Munoz Maria F , Hight Walker Angela R , Richter Curt A , Hanbicki Aubrey T , Friedman Adam L
Published: October 2024

Doped semiconductors are a central and crucial component of all integrated circuits. By using a combination of white light and a focused laser beam, and exploiting hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) defect states, heterostructures of hBN/Graphene/hBN are photodoped in-operando, reproducibly and reversibly. We demonstrate device geometries with spatially-defined doping type and magnitude. After each optical doping procedure, magnetotransport measurements including quantum Hall measurements are performed to characterize the device performance. In the unipolar (p+–p–p+ and n–n+–n) configurations, we observe quantization of the longitudinal resistance, proving well-defined doped regions and interfaces that are further analyzed by Landauer–Buttiker modeling. Our unique measurements and modeling of these optically doped devices reveal a complete separation of the p- and n-Landau level edge states. The non-interaction of the edge states results in an observed ‘insulating’ state in devices with a bi-polar p–n–p configuration that is uncommon and has not been measured previously in graphene devices. This insulating state could be utilized in high-performance graphene electrical switches. These quantitative magnetotransport measurements confirm that these doping techniques can be applied to any two-dimensional materials encapsulated within hBN layers, enabling versatile, rewritable circuit elements for future computing and memory applications.
Comparison study on SMC and grain-oriented laminated steel core for small-size axial flux permanent-magnet synchronous machines
Authors: Karabulut Yiğit , Meşe Erkan , Ayaz Murat , Aktaş Serkan
Published: October 2024

This study aims to compare the soft magnetic composite (SMC) and grain-oriented (GO) steel stator axial flux permanent-magnet synchronous machine (AFPMSM) in terms of performance and iron losses. Stator cores are manufactured using both materials to perform experimental performance tests. The produced machines are designed for pump propulsion systems in left ventricular assist devices as an application area. The machines are modeled with several analytical equations, and iron losses and performance tests are carried out with AFPMSMs, finite element methods, and experimental setups. Our findings show that the torque density is higher in the GO steel stator AFPMSMs that can produce 15.07 percent more torque. GO steel material experimentally has 20.33 percent less iron loss as SMC material since the loss value per kilogram for SMC material is higher than that for GO steel. In addition, the saturation value of the SMC material is lower than that of the GO material according to the magnetic flux density value.
High altitude dilemmas: assessing academic air travel reduction measures by comparing reduction potential and willingness
Authors: Bagutti Rocco , Wenger Ariane , Ranacher Peter
Published: October 2024

Many researchers consider air travel crucial for a successful career and fly frequently to attend conferences, participate in meetings, teach classes, and conduct fieldwork, which creates significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that often account for the largest share of a university’s emission total. Several universities have attempted to address this issue by implementing measures to reduce GHG emissions from academic air travel. Ideally, these measures are both effective in reducing emissions and acceptable to the academic staff willing to endorse them. We evaluated five air travel reduction measures and compared their GHG emission reduction potential to academics’ willingness to implement them. We calculated reduction potentials based on empirical flight data from the University of Zurich’s Department of Geography and conducted an online survey among the department’s academic staff to assess willingness. On average, academic staff were willing to implement all five measures. Measures restricting travel showed the highest reduction potential but the lowest willingness to adopt among academic staff. Conversely, measures involving the transition to alternative travel modes showed higher willingness but lower reduction potentials. Our results suggest that there is no straightforward answer for universities aiming to reduce their air travel emissions. In addition to implementing more acceptable low-impact measures, universities must explore examples of good practices and endeavor to remove obstacles to high-impact measure implementation.
Deep-millet: a deep learning model for pearl millet disease identification to envisage precision agriculture
Authors: Johnson I , Mary X Anitha , Winifred Raj A Peniel , Chalmers J , Karthikeyan M , J Andrew
Published: October 2024

Plants are integral to human sustenance, serving as fundamental sources of sustenance, materials, and energy, crucial for economic prosperity. However, their productivity and yield are increasingly threatened by pests and diseases, exacerbated by shifting climatic conditions. Pearl millet, a vital crop in Africa and Asia, is particularly susceptible to a range of diseases including downy mildew, rust, ergot, smut, and blast, posing significant risks to crop yield and quality. Timely and accurate disease identification is paramount for effective management strategies. Traditional methods of disease detection relying on visual identification are laborious, costly, and often require specialized expertise, presenting formidable challenges for farmers. In this study, we propose a novel mobile application integrating a robust Deep Learning (DL) model for the automated identification of pearl millet leaf diseases, employing advanced computer vision techniques. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture, named Deep Millet, was trained on a comprehensive dataset comprising 3441 field images depicting pearl millet leaves in both healthy and diseased states. It consists of fewer but more effective layers, which are optimized to extract the most pertinent features from the RGB images Comparative analysis against pre-trained models, including AlexNet, ResNet50, InceptionV3, Xception, NasNet mobile, VGG16, and VGG19, was conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. Results demonstrate that Deep Millet achieved superior accuracy, completing training in a mere 240 s and yielding an impressive accuracy rating of 98.86%, surpassing current state-of-the-art models.
Diversity, equity, and inclusion in a polarized world: Navigating challenges and opportunities in STEMM
Authors: Kamalumpundi Vijayvardhan , Neikirk Kit , Kamin Mukaz Debora , Vue Zer , Vue Neng , Perales Sulema , Hinton Antentor
Published: October 2024

As anti-diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) legislation continues to gain traction, it is essential for those in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) to grasp its implications and explore ways to preserve inclusive environments. Anti-DEI measures can result in the dismantling of support structures, such as DEI centers and peer counseling groups, leading to a decline in vital support programs on college campuses and beyond. In this Voices article, we examine these emerging challenges and underscore the critical need to reframe DEI as a tool for fostering inclusion and benefits all individuals.
Harmony and the Land
Authors: Lewis Colin J , Kling Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Discussions of land management in contemporary analytic political philosophy often take place through the lens of environmental protection, wealth management, or climate change. Such scholarship overlooks the distinctly communal issues and benefits associated with land management that are brought out by a close analysis of the well-field system elaborated by the early Confucian Mengzi. Shared management of the land can help increase prosociality and reduce interpersonal and intercommunal fractiousness, and so help ameliorate political polarization. The chapter argues that, understood broadly, such lessons are applicable to contemporary multicultural liberal democracies. This is true even though such polities diverge wildly from ancient China in terms of their economic, social, and political structures.