bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POSSIBLE BINDING OF EPIDERMOLYTIC TOXIN TO A SUBCELLULAR FRACTION OF THE EPIDERMIS
Authors: Nishioka Kiyoshi , Katayama Ichiro , Sano Shigeharu
Published: April 2015

An in vitro method for assessing the activity of epidermolytic toxin (ET) was developed in this study. It was almost equal in sensitivity to the in vivo assay system in which ET was injected subcutaneously into new‐born mice. By using the in vitro method it was found that ET could induce epidermal splitting after incubation with the skin only for 5 minutes. No epidermolytic activity remained in the reaction mixture. The activity of ET was not abolished by proteinase inhibitors such as Trasylol, ε‐aminocaproic acid or soy bean trypsin inhibitor. It was abolished by an extract from the epidermis of new‐born mice. The inhibitory activity of the extract was preserved by heating at 56°C for 30 minutes. It was destroyed by heating at 80°C for 30 minutes. The activity was found in a subcellular fraction which should contain mitochondria and lysosomes from the epidermal cells. A reduction in the amount of ET was observed in acrylamide gel electrophoresis after incubation of ET with the subcellular fraction. The possible mode of action of ET was discussed.
INFLUENCE OF HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS ON SKIN HOMOGRAFT SURVIVAL IN AN EXTENSIVELY BURNED PATIENT
Authors: Higuchi Dousei , Sei Yoshihiro , Takiuchi Iwao
Published: April 2015

Thirty‐eight donors were selected from 312 volunteers to be as nearly compatible as possible with the patient's HLA‐A and ‐B antigens.

In addition to HLA‐A and ‐B, MLC test was performed between the patient and all but one of the 38 donors (Donor No. 35), and all 38 homografts were applied to the patient at once.

The mean survival time of HLA‐A and ‐B‐identical grafts was better than two haplotype‐mismatched grafts. There were no clear differences between 0 and 1, or 1 and 2 haplotype‐mismatched grafts.

No definite differences in the survival number at 21 days was observed between HLA‐A and ‐B‐identical grafts and 1 haplotype‐mismatched grafts. However, a significant difference was detected between (0+1) mismatched grafts and 2 mismatched grafts.

We were not able to detect any effects of ABO blood antigens or sex on graft survival.
SEZARY'S SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT INCLUDING ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND IMMUNOHISTO‐CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CELLULAR INFILTRATES
Authors: Katoh Mitsuko , Kizukuri Kei , Jimbow Kowichi
Published: April 2015

A case of a 77‐year‐old male with Sézary's syndrome (SS) is reported, including ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characterization of the cellular infiltrates.

Atypical lymphocytes in the skin were evaluated at stages of both clinical exacerbation and improvement. During both stages, skin specimens revealed essentially similar findings. They were diffusely infiltrated by atypical lymphocytes with a characteristic nuclear convolution. The infiltrating cells exhibited T‐cell markers which cross‐reacted with the T‐cells of the lymph nodes. Atypical convoluted cells in the peripheral blood were PAS positive and peroxidase negative. The morphological and functional characteristics of the cellular infiltrates in SS and its clinical independence from mycosis fungoides were discussed.
CHEMOIMMUNOTHERAPY FOR MELANOMA WITH DTIC, ACNU, VCR AND OK432
Authors: Jimbow Kowichi , Yanbe Hideko , Nishio Chieko
Published: April 2015

Combination chemotherapy (DTIC and VCR plus a new derivative of nitrosourea, ACNU) with a new immunoadjuvant of OK432 were evaluated as treatment for disseminated malignant melanoma.

Eight subjects with this chemoimmunotherapy showed a significant increase in survival rate (p=0.037 at 8 months), when compared with 11 subjects on other therapy. The regimens were minimally myelo‐suppressive and toxic to liver functions. Cellular immunity with specific mitogens of autologous and allogeneic melanoma cells (MLTC) and non‐specific mitogens of PHA, Con A and PWM was well preserved. Cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against autologous melanoma cells appeared to be stimulated in a way similar to that which occurs with BCG immunoadjuvant therapy.
THE PHENOMENON OF HALO‐LIKE DISAPPEARANCE OF THE MONGOLIAN SPOT ON LESIONS COMBINED WITH CAFÉ AU LAIT SPOT OR ACQUIRED PIGMENTED NEVUS
Authors: Hamada Toshio , Suzuki Shinsuke
Published: April 2015

When café au lait spots or pigmented nevi were combined with Mongolian spot lesions, whitish haloes were observed in the areas surrounding these café au lait spots and pigmented nevi. The pathogenesis of this halo‐like phenomenon was investigated. The materials were two Japanese girls who had Mongolian spots present at birth over the sacrum and buttocks. In case 1, an eight‐month‐old, café au lait spots and in case 2, a six‐month‐old, brownish black pigmented spots appeared about one month after birth and gradually increased in size and number on the trunk and extremities. In the café au lait spot and pigmented nevus (histologically compound type) lesions and their boundary areas, a whitish halo‐like zone, dermal melanocytes were small and round, as compared with those of surrounding Mongolian spots, although only slightly decreased in number. The characteristic bipolar dendrites were almost imperceptible. The dopa reaction of dermal melanocytes was also decreased. In the boundary halo‐like areas in both cases, epidermal melanin granules and dopa‐positive melanocytes were almost identical to those of the surrounding Mongolian spot.

Mongolian spots were already present at birth in both cases, but the café au lait spots and pigmented nevi definitely appeared to arise on these Mongolian spot after birth. The Mongolian spots seemed to disappear at the sites of café au lait spots, pigmented nevi and boundary areas, perhaps a kind of Sutton's phenomenon.
AN AMELANOTIC MELANOMA TRANSFORMED INTO MELANOTIC MELANOMA WITH DEVELOPMENT OF VITILIGO
Authors: Takematsu Hideaki , Tomita Yasushi , Sato Akihiko , Seiji Makoto
Published: April 2015

A case of a 77‐year‐old woman with metastatic melanoma and vitiligo‐like leukoderma is reported. The primary lesion had been excised 8 years previously. It had the histologic features of amelanotic melanoma. Metastatic lesions were also amelanotic. Vitiligo‐like leukoderma was noted distant from the cutaneous tumors. The tumors were responsive to a combined regimen of DTIC, ACNU and vincristine and became pigmented after treatment. The relationship between the development of melanized melanoma and chemotherapy is discussed.
CUTANEOUS INVOLVEMENT OF MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA AND MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSIS
Authors: Nakanishi Isao , Miwa Atsuo , Katsuda Shogo , Okada Yasunori , Moriizumi Tetsuji , Kaibara Hiroaki , Fujimura Keiko , Tomosugi Naohisa
Published: April 2015

Mycosis fungoides, lymphosarcoma of a T cell nature with cutaneous involvement, and malignant histiocytosis with primary skin manifestation were presented and their cutaneous lesions were examined with particular emphasis on localization and cytological features of the tumor cells. In addition, six autopsy cases of systemic lymphosarcoma involving the skin and one autopsy case of malignant histiocytosis which showed cutaneous dissemination were reviewed, and a comparative study of the cutaneous lesions of those cases was performed. It was noted that lymphosarcomas tended to infiltrate the lower dermis and underlying subcutaneous tissue, retaining the cell types of tumor cells seen in the primary sites. In malignant histiocytosis, it was suggested that eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltration in the tissue might indicate longer survival.
INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN E ON THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN A DERIVATIVES ON DIGESTIVE GLANDS OF RATS
Authors: Koh Chang Jo , Lee Jung Bock , Lee Sungnack , Kim Won Joon
Published: April 2015

This study was designed to investigate the influence of d‐α‐tocopheryl acetate on the toxic effect of retinoic acid and retinoid (Ro 10‐9359) on pancreaticobiliary and gastric secretion after the administration of large doses for 3 weeks to albino rats.

The toxicity of retinoic acid on body weight and exocrine function, and the morphologic changes in the main digestive glands of the rat are greater than with retinoid.

It is clear that vitamin E may suppress or counteract the undesirable toxic effects of retinoic acid and retinoid and appears to promote the function of the main digestive glands of rats.
ADENOSINE DEAMINASE IN HUMAN SKIN
Authors: Kim Young Pio , Kahng Johng Bong , Chon Joon Yul , Ihm Chull Wan
Published: April 2015

Adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, ADA), which catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to yield inosine and ammonia, was assayed in human penile foreskin.

The skin tissue was separated into two layers; epidermis and dermis. ADA was found to be present in both layers (epidermis, 0.24 ΔoD/mg protein; dermis, 0.19 ΔOD/mg protein) with slightly higher activity in the epidermis. As in earlier reports, it was found that ADA in the skin showed nearly even activity throughout the pH range of 5.0–8.0.

Considering the significance of ADA in immunological function, the presence of ADA in the skin suggests that the tissue may participate in the immune function.
LYMPHOCYTE STUDIES IN BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID
Authors: Ahmed A. Razzaque
Published: April 2015

Lymphocyte studies were performed on 19 untreated patients with active bullous pemphigoid and 35 controls. Peripheral blood T cells, Fc receptor‐bearing cells, B cells and phytohemag‐glutinin (PHA) stimulation were studied. Patients with bullous pemphigoid did not have statistically significant levels of circulating T cells, B cells, or Fc receptor‐bearing cells, compared to normals (P≥0.05). PHA stimulation was significantly lower in bullous pemphigoid patients, P values being 0.006, 0.007 and 0.008 at PHA concentration of 1/2,500, 1/1,000, and 1/100 respectively. This study demonstrates that one of the functions of T cells in the peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with bullous pemphigoid is decreased.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS ON A CASE OF IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND THYMOMA (GOOD'S SYNDROME) ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC MUCOCUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS
Authors: Kaneko Fumio , Tsuchiya Kikuo , Miura Yusho , Kishiyama Kazunori , Kusakabe Yasuyuki , Matsumoto Shinobu , Watanabe Makoto
Published: April 2015

A 50 year‐old woman with immunodeficiency and thymoma (Good's syndrome) associated with chronic muco‐cutaneous candidiasis (CMCC) was observed. Immunological treatment with transfer factor (TF), supplements ofγ‐globulin and anti‐candidal agents was maintained for six years. Because of the association of pure red cell aplasia in the clinical course, systemic steroid therapy was added to the treatment. Although the patient gradually improved, further immunological therapy was considered to be necessary for the tongue lesions due to candidiasis and the agammaglobulinemia.
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF 5‐BROMODEOXYURIDINE ON B16 MOUSE MELANOMA CELLS
Authors: Sugita Yuji , Takeuchi Takuji
Published: April 2015

The effects of 5‐bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) on B16 mouse melanoma were studied and the following results were obtained.

Melanogenesis of cells was completely inhibited by BrdU.

Tyrosinase activity was reduced linearly with time by BrdU, but cytochrome c oxidase was not affected.

The polysome profile from controls and that from BrdU‐treated cells resembled each other when assayed at 260 nm. However, the radioactivity in polysomes in the treated cells was about 30–40% of that in the control, when pulse labeled with radioactive uridine.

Polysomal RNAs were fractionated into poly(A)‐containing and non‐poly(A)‐containing RNA with the use of poly(U)‐Sepharose, and both types of RNA were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No significant differences were detected between the control and the BrdU‐treated cells in either type of RNA.

The effects of BrdU are specific for melanogenesis and the differences in polysomal RNAs might be too small to detect in our experiments. Immunoprecipitation of mRNAs for melanosomal proteins will be necessary to detect persuasive differences.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF LUPUS MILIARIS DISSEMINATUS FACIEI
Authors: Shitara Atsuyuki
Published: April 2015

Eighty‐one cases of lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei were clinically and histologically studied, and some of them were also immunologically studied. Age at onset, distribution of skin lesions, and incidence by sex did not differ from the reports of various investigators. No apparent increase in incidence of this disease was noted. The histologic features of this disease could be divided into four types. Some relation between pilosebaceous units and epithelioid cell granulomas could be found in the lesions of 35 (43%) out of 81 cases. Central caseation may be coagulation necrosis caused by abscesses. Some immunological data were obtained from this study, but there were no abnormalities in delayed hypersensitivity reactions, e.g. tuberculin test, DNCB skin reaction, PHA skin reaction and the Kveim test, or in quantitative serum immunoglobulin surveys. Lymphocyte transformation tests using two mitogens, PHA‐P and Con‐A, showed normal responses. It was not possible to obtain enough data from the clinical data and histologic findings for this disease to be regarded as a tuberculid. But from the histologic findings, lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei was assumed to be a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous units and epithelioid cell granulomas in the lesions might be reactions to destroyed hair follicles or epithelial cysts. With these assumptions, the following hypotheses concerning the pathogenesis of this disease were proposed. 1) Epithelial cysts occur and rupture in the dermis for some reason resulting in formation of foreign‐body granulomas which break down epithelial cysts in the dermis. 2) Inflammatory infiltrates occur within the follicular epithelium or sebaceous glands for some reason and they are destroyed resulting in formation of epithelioid cell granulomas to follicular contents, such as keratin, sebum andDemodex folliculorum. Under the above assumptions, I would like to support the theory that lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei is not a tuberculid but a skin disorder similar to the papular type of acne rosacea.
EFFECT OF UVA IRRADIATION ON B16 MELANOMA CELLS IN MONOLAYER CULTURE
Authors: Shono Shigeaki , Terauchi Masami , Toda Kiyoshi
Published: April 2015

B16 murine melanoma cells in monolayer culture were exposed to a single dose of long wave ultraviolet light (UVA). The number of viable melanoma cells was decreased at 10 hrs post irradiation in parallel to the increase in UVA dose (104~107 ergs/cm2). After ten hours, the cultured cells entered the logarithmic growth phase. The doubling time of the cells exposed to the low dose of UVA was similar to that of nonirradiated cells, but the exposure to higher doses of UVA (105~106 ergs/cm2) elongated the doubling time of these cells. Still higher doses of UVA exposure (107 ergs/cm2) caused no further elongation of doubling time.

The tyrosinase activity of these melanoma cells was also measured using an oxygen electrode. The tyrosinase activity of each irradiated cell at ten hours was significantly increased, but no significant increase of tyrosinase activity per mg protein was observed, since protein content per cell increased at the same time. The increase in tyrosinase activity was still observed after ten hours in cells exposed to higher amounts of UVA. These results suggest that UVA repressed cell division and induced protein synthesis to prepare for melanogenesis.
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN COAGULASE TYPES AND ANTIBIOGRAMS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FROM BACTERIAL SKIN INFECTIONS
Authors: Dekio Satoshi , Onimura Kentaro
Published: April 2015

We investigated coagulase types by a simplified method for coagulase typing and antibiotic sensitivities by a disk diffusion method in 557 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from lesions of various bacterial skin infections. Every strain investigated fell into only one of eight coagulase types by coagulase typing, and obvious correlations were seen between the coagulase types and the anti‐biograms. It was suggested that compatibility‐incompatibility relationships might be present between genes of coagulases of different coagulase types and antibiotic resistance plasmids.
AN ADULT CASE OF KERION CELSI DUE TO TRICHOPHYTON TONSURANS
Authors: Yamasaki Yuuichiro , Toda Michiko , Ikutomi Masaaki , Nishikawa Takeji
Published: April 2015

An adult case of kerion Celsi was reported. The patient was a 28‐year‐old housewife who lived in Tokyo. The fungus isolated was identified as Trichophyton tonsurans, indicating that this rare fungus can be isolated in Tokyo despite the lack of previous reports.
PENICILLIN AND CEPHALOSPORIN—INDUCED RASH IN GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Ikezawa Zenrō , Kitamura Kazuko , Murakami Junko , Nagai Ryukichi , Iwata Masayuki
Published: April 2015

Guinea pigs primed for delayed type hypersensitivity (DH) to antibiotics such as penicillin G (PCG), carbenicillin (CBPC), sulbenicillin (SBPC), ampicillin (ABPC), cephalexin (CEX), cephalothin (CET) and cephazolin (CEZ) by immunization in mycobacterial adjuvant developed a generalized rash (GR) and flare‐up of previous test sites when challenged peritoneally with high doses of specific antigen. The GR was delayed in time, and histologically characterized by dilated and compacted small vessels and leucocytic infiltrations into the upper dermis. Animals immunized with CEX or CET developed a strong GR despite the absence of detectable antibodies.

Hapten‐carrier specificity and cross‐reactivity in the GR system were essentially the same as those observed in skin testing of DH, but differed from those in the hemagglutination system.

Accordingly, the GR shares many of the properties of DH skin test reactions: time course, histology, development despite an absence of detectable antibodies, carrier specificity, cross‐reactivity. This experimentally induced rash may be a useful model for delayed type, generalized, exanthematic drug eruptions in man.
INTRAEPIDERMAL FREE NERVE ENDINGS IN GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Mihara Motoyuki , Hashimoto Ken , Kumakiri Masanobu
Published: April 2015

Using transmission electron microscopy, the intraepidermal free nerve endings in the back skin of spotted black and white guinea pigs were examined. Many intraepidermal free nerve endings were present in both the black areas and the white areas. They were located in the spaces between the basal lamina of the epidermis and the cytomembrane of the basal keratinocyte or in the intercellular spaces between the basal keratinocytes, but never beyond the Malphigian layers. Most of them appeared to belong to sensory nerves and some to adrenergic nerves. They seemed to be related intimately to epidermal keratinocytes.
ASSOCIATION OF PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA AND PRIMARY LIVER CANCER: REPORT OF TEN CASES
Authors: Solis J.A. , Betancor P. , Campos R. , De Salamanca R. Enriquez , Rojo P. , Marin I. , Schüller A.
Published: April 2015

Studies of the association between porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) and primary liver cancer have produced conflicting reports. The incidence of this liver tumor was studied in 138 PCT patients (7.2%) and in 358 non‐porphyric cirrhotic patients (5.6%), and no statistically significant differences were found between them (p>0.5). Nevertheless the incidence of such association was significantly higher (chi square=10.91, p<0.001) in the PCT group (24.3%) than in the non‐porphyric cirrhotic group (6.7%) when only males with underlying liver cirrhosis were considered. These results suggest that the high incidence of liver tumor in PCT is not merely related to hepatic cirrhosis. The cause of such as association remains unclear. Primary liver cancer may reveal a prior deficiency in uroporphyrinogen‐decarboxylase, but the possibility that the enzyme abnormalities were caused by the liver carcinoma also exists.
CHANGES IN ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS OF AQUEOUS BUFFER‐INSOLUBLE PROTEINS DURING THE CULTIVATION OF GUINEA PIG EPIDERMAL CELLS
Authors: Toku Seikichi , Aso Kazuo , Hozumi Yutaka , Kondo Shigeo
Published: April 2015

The process of formation of aqueous buffer‐insoluble proteins, which are tentatively regarded as keratins or their precursors, was investigated using epidermal cells cultured from guinea pig ear skin. It was found that cells in the early stages of the culture (proliferation stage) contained a small number of aqueous buffer‐insoluble proteins with molecular weights of 65K, 58K, 57K and 49K. After six days of culture (differentiation stage), cells rapidly formed these proteins, mainly consisting of 58K, 57K, and 49K proteins. In these cultured cells, 70K protein, which has been observed in the whole epidermis (in vivo), was not detected. Addition of the retinoid Ro 10‐1670, an activated form of Ro 10‐9359, into the culture medium accelerated the starting of the formation of these proteins, while inhibiting the formation of 65K and 45K polypeptides.
THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE SEBACEOUS GLAND BY NEVUS CELLS
Authors: Kawamura Taro , Shishiba Takako , Horie Naoshige
Published: April 2015

Two cases of nevocytic nevi with nevus cells in the sebaceous gland were described. In the first case, the nevus seems to have been acquired but in the second case it is apparently congenital. As the sebaceous glands were presumably embryonic when the nevus cells settled into the corium, the immigration of nevus cells into the sebaceous glands might occur at the same time. The possibility of elimination of sebaceous cells by nevus cells is also pointed out.
GENERALIZED PUSTULAR RASH ASSOCIATED WITH PRIMARY ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA
Authors: Matsubara Motoo , Ueda Keiichi , Kishimoto Saburo , Yasuno Hirokazu , Ikada Junji , Sakagami Sachiko , Morioka Yoshihito
Published: April 2015

After the acute onset of primary atypical pneumonia, a 4‐year‐old girl suddenly developed a widespread, sterile, pustular eruption with predilection toward the distal parts of the extremities. There was no involvement of the muco‐ocular area. Histological and electron microscopical examinations revealed intraepidermal pustule formation containing neutrophils and eosinophils, and perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes, histiocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils. These clinical findings are similar to those of Tan's “acute generalized pustular bacterid” and Teisch's “vesiculopustular eruption with mycoplasma infection”. Serological examinations, including complement fixation test, cold agglutination test, and passive hemagglutination test, confirmed a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. It is concluded that Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection should be considered in patients with bacterid‐like rashes who do not have streptococcal infections.
CELL KINETIC STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF 8‐METHOXYPSORALEN WITH LONG WAVE ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION ON HUMAN MELANOMA CELL LINE (SEKI, II)
Authors: Shimada Shinji , Kawashima Makoto , Watanabe Shinichi , Yamada Kiyoshi , Mizoguchi Masako , Hori Yoshiaki , Kukita Atsushi
Published: April 2015

The growth inhibition and cell cycle phase distribution of a human malignant melanoma cell line (SEKI, II) treated with 8‐methoxypsoralen (8MOP) and UVA irradiation (PUVA) were investigated in vitro. A growth inhibition effect was observed in 8 methoxypsoralen (8MOP) 0.1 μg/ml + UVA 1 J/cm2 group, and a strong cytocidal effect was noted in the 8MOP 1 μg/ml + UVA 3 J/cm2 groups. Continued accumulation was observed at 24 to 72 hours in the following phases: G2M phase in the 8MOP 0.1 μg/ml + UVA 1 J/cm2 group; middle S phase in the 8MOP 0.1 μg/ml + UVA 3 J/cm2 group; and early S phase in the 8MOP 1 μg/ml + UVA 1 J/cm2 group. It appeared that 8MOP with UVA irradiation acts mainly on the S phase to block the cell cycle progression between the S and G2M phases. The variation of cell cycle phase distribution under the effect of 8MOP with UVA irradiation was similar to that observed with the alkylating agent, ACNU, suggesting a possible similarity of the mechanism of action between them. The reaction in the dark was vital for the onset of action of 8MOP with UVA irradiation; as is the case for DTIC with UVA irradiation (32).
PLASMA VISCOSITY CHANGES IN CUTANEOUS VASCULITIS
Authors: Nishioka Kiyoshi , Sarashi Chizuko , Sano Shigeharu
Published: April 2015

Blood and plasma viscosity in patients with vascular disease was measured using a rotational cone‐plate viscometer. Increased blood viscosity at moderate (76.8 sec–1) and high (384.0 sec–1) shear rates was found in patients with Bürger's disease. Reduced blood viscosity was noted in patients with livedo vasculitis.

Plasma viscosity was significantly increased at low (19.2 sec –1), moderate, and high shear rates in patients with leg ulcer, erythema nodosum, and Bürger's disease, in which blood vessels in the lower dermis and subcutaneous tissue were suspected to be affected. Plasma viscosity at low and moderate shear rates was increased in patients with livedo vasculitis and increased plasma viscosity at low shear rate was noted in patients with superficial vasculitis (anaphylactoid purpura and chronic pigmented purpura).

Changes in plasma viscosity correlated well with amounts of γ‐globulin, but not with amounts of fibrinogen.
LICHEN PLANUS: EVALUATION OF CELLS IN SKIN LESIONS AND OF T‐LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS IN BLOOD
Authors: Fernandez‐Bussy Ramon A. , Schmitt Daniel , Gaucherand Martine , Maudutt Gilles , Gomes Manuel A. , Brochier Jean , Thivolet Jean
Published: April 2015

The purpose of the present study was to examine the phenotype of cutaneous immunocompetent cells and to quantify Langerhans cells in Lichen planus by the use of monoclonal antibodies directed against T‐cell populations.

Helper cells (OKT4+) and Suppressor/cytotoxic cells (OKT8+) were observed in all cutaneous infiltrates, and numerous Langerhans cells were identified by OKT6, BL6, and BL2 (HLA‐DR) in the epidermis and dermis.

The quantification of Langerhans cells demonstrated that the number of dendritic cells in epidermis is greater in involved skin than in non‐involved skin. In recent lesions, Langerhans cells are more abundant than in older lesions.

The results in peripheral blood indicated a T Helper/Suppressor imbalance with a decreased T‐Suppressor/cytotoxic subpopulation in patients with lichen planus diseases.

In lichen planus, our results suggest an immunological reaction involving all the immunocompetent cell subpopulations with a first stage of information by Langerhans cells (OKT6+, BL6+, BL2+ (HLA‐DR)) and Helper cells (OKT4+), and second stage mediated by Suppressor/cytotoxic cells (OKT8+).
INFLUENCE OF VEHICLES ON PENETRATION THROUGH HUMAN EPIDERMIS OF BENZYL ALCOHOL, ISOEUGENOL AND METHYL ISOEUGENOL
Authors: Jimbo Yuko , Ishihara Masaru , Osamura Hiromi , Takano Masashi , Ohara Mitsuo
Published: April 2015

The influence of 5 liquid, 6 cosmetic and 2 ointment vehicles on the penetration of benzyl alcohol, isoeugenol and methyl isoeugenol through human epidermis was studied. Benzyl alcohol penetrated most rapidly from almost all vehicles. Among liquid vehicles, liquid paraffin provided the best penetration for the 3 compounds. As the ratio of water to ethanol increased in ethanol/water solutions, the penetration of each compound increased. Among cosmetic and ointment vehicles, lotion and milky lotion afforded maximum penetration of each compound with the exception of milky lotion in the case of benzyl alcohol. Macrogol ointment provided the poorest penetration results for the 3 compounds tested.
JUVENILE XANTHOGRANULOMA WITH DARIER'S SIGN
Authors: Nagayo Kinuo , Sakai Miyoko , Mizuno Nobuyuki
Published: April 2015

A case of juvenile xanthogranuloma with Darier's sign in a 3‐year‐old boy was described. He had several brown macules on his face, neck, and trunk. When these macules were rubbed with a metal rod, wheal‐like erythema appeared in the area corresponding to them. This phenomenon is called Darier's sign in urticaria pigmentosa. However, the histological picture revealed a xanthogranulomatous reaction, and a few mast cells were seen surrounding the granulomatous area.
FRACTIONATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EPIDERMAL STRATUM CORNEUM IN BULLOUS CONGENITAL ICHTHYOSIFORM ERYTHRODERMA (BCIE)
Authors: Yoshiike Takashi , Negi Makoto , Hattori Michihiro , Ogawa Hideoki
Published: April 2015

The stratum corneum obtained from seven cases of bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (BCIE) and one case of Vörner type keratosis palmaris et plantaris (KPP) was fractionated into keratin fibers, soluble proteins, and cell membranes. To study the fractions, SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used for the keratin fibrous and soluble fractions and amino acid analysis was employed for the membraneous fraction. In the electrophoresis of the keratin fibrous fractions, the 55,000 dalton band was either absent or greatly reduced in BCIE, whereas almost normal patterns were obtained in Vörner type KPP. The soluble fractions from BCIE demonstrated abnormal patterns in different cases on electrophoresis. Amino acid compositions of the keratin fibrous and membraneous fractions in BCIE were identical to those of the normal control. It is suggested that, as the 55,000 dalton constituent of keratin fibrous protein is absent or greatly reduced, this is a specific characteristic of BCIE, and that biochemical changes differ for BCIE and Vörner type KPP, which have been thought to be essentially identical due to their histological and electron‐microscopic similarity.
CULTURE OF UNINVOLVED AND INVOLVED PSORIATIC AND NORMAL EPIDERMIS WITH 3T3 FEEDER LAYERS
Authors: Kondo Shigeo , Sato Kumi , Hozumi Yutaka , Aso Kazuo
Published: April 2015

Isolated cells of uninvolved and involved psoriatic and normal epidermis have been cultured with 3T3 feeder layers. The efficiency of colony formation in the involved psoriatic epidermal cells was 50% as high as that in the uninvolved. No differences were observed between the uninvolved and involved psoriatic epidermal cell growth assessed by measuring the size of the growing colonies. Histologically, the structure of psoriatic colonies as revealed by electron microscopy did not differ from that of healthy control skin, having several layers of stratified epidermal cells with incomplete keratinization. The cyclic AMP level stimulated by the addition of isoproterenol to the involved psoriatic cell culture was about 50% as high as that in the uninvolved.
THE REMOVAL OF ANTI‐DNA ANTIBODIES IN VITRO USING DNA COMBINED IMMUNOADSORBENT MATRICES
Authors: Taneda Akio , Miyazawa Yoriko , Ogawa Hideoki , Hirotsu Toshihiro
Published: April 2015

An important approach to the treatment of auto‐immune diseases is the selective removal of specifically pathogenic antibodies from the blood. This study reports the effectiveness of using DNA‐combined immuno‐absorbent matrixes for the removal of anti‐DNA antibodies in vitro. Sera obtained from patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) were used, as the pathogenesis of SLE is partially mediated by antibodies against DNA (1). A series of DNA‐combined immuno‐absorbent matrices was prepared using several different approaches, and the adsorption of anti‐DNA antibodies from the SLE sera was investigated on these matrices. A comparison was then made between these matrices and commercially available adsorbents with respect to their adsorbing abilities and their stability in sera. Readings of the following were also made before and after the reaction; pH, albumin, globulin, CH50, compliments C5, C4, C5, DNA, DNA and anti‐DNA antibodies complex ratios. Of the adsorbents investigated, the newly prepared immuno‐adsorbent matrix of DNA, glow discharge treated DNA‐PVA on cotton gauze, proved to be the most effective in reducing the anti‐DNA antibodies and immune complex levels specifically, while remaining relatively non‐toxic to the host.
EFFECT OF A PROTEASE INHIBITOR [N,N‐DIMETHYL‐CARBAMOYLMETHYL 4‐(4‐GUANIDINOBENZOYLOXY)‐PHENYLACETATE] METHANESULFATE OF THE GROWTH OF MOUSE SKIN CARCINOMA IN THE RAPID GROWING STAGE
Authors: Ohkoshi Motohiro , Fujii Setsuro
Published: April 2015

The oral administration of synthetic broad spectrum protease inhibitor, [N,N‐dimethylcarbamoylmethyl 4‐(4‐guanidinobenzoyloxy)‐phenylacetate] methanesulfate, was used to challenge 3‐methylcholanthrene‐induced skin carcinoma in the rapid growing stage.

This preparation was administered as a 0.1% addition in diet or in a dose of 75 mg/kg twice a day to 26 mice harboring solid tumors. This protease inhibitor prolonged the survival time in the cancer bearing mice.

These results suggest that the oral administration of inhibitors of kinin‐forming proteases such as trypsin, plasmin, and kallikrein exerts an antitumor effect on malignant tumors.
LAW OF RECIPROCITY IN UV ERYTHEMA AND CELL KILLING
Authors: Kobayashi Misaki
Published: April 2015

The dose rate effect of ultraviolet light (UV) was investigated from a view point of the law of reciprocity both in vivo and in vitro. The reciprocity in UV erythema reaction was examined in seven excision repair deficient xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients with monochromatic UV at wavelengths of 255 nm and 290 nm using a 1% neutral filter (NF) to reduce UV intensity to 1/100. For the in vitro study, the reciprocity in UV cell killing was examined in four normal and three excision repair deficient XP fibroblast strains using varied intensities to 1/100 at 254 nm.

As in the results obtained by Satoh et al. in normal subjects, the law of reciprocity did not hold for erythema reaction in XP patients at 255 nm when the dose rate was changed a hundred fold. In the XP patients, the minimal erythema dose (MED) required by 1/100 intensity was on the average 1.57 times higher for 255 nm and 1.12 times higher for 290 nm as compared with MED without NF. On the other hand, the law of reciprocity was found to hold for cell killing in both normal and XP cells by 254 nm UV at the intensity range of 1:100.
DE‐(HYPO)PIGMENTATION MECHANISMS OF THE AFFECTED AREA OF PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR
Authors: Hattori Michihiro , Ogawa Hideoki , Takamori Kenji , Gritiyaranson Pimonpun , Kotarajaras Renoo
Published: April 2015

Skin surface lipids were extracted from the affected area of Pityriasis versicolor (P. versicolor). Their inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity in vitro was analysed and the amount of dicarboxylic acid in the lipids determined. Dicarboxylic acids have been found to be capable of inhibiting tyrosinase in vitro to varying extents; however, (3) in this study, no inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity was observed in the extracted lipids. Even so, 0.341 μg of C12 and 0.768 μg of C14 dicarboxylic acid was measured per 1 mg of the extracted lipids from the affected area. These values were found to be almost twice as high as those taken from the normal area. The possibility that this level of dicarboxylic acid may cause extremely slow depigmentation in the affected area is suggested in this study.
ANTIBIOTIC EFFECTS ON BACTERIAL COUNTS IN SKIN LESIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL STAPHYLOCOCCAL SKIN INFECTIONS IN THE HAMSTER
Authors: Ikeda Masami , Arata Jirô , Kashiwa Naohiro
Published: April 2015

We studied the microbiological efficacy of antibiotics on skin infections using experimentally induced skin infection in hamsters.

Topical gentamicin (GM), intramuscular injection of GM and oral administration of cephalexin (CEX) were used in hamsters against experimentally induced staphylococcal skin infections. Effects were studied as a function of the dose of cephaloridine (CER) injected intramuscularly at a fixed daily frequency. Effects were also studied as a function of the daily frequency of intramuscular injection of CER at a fixed dose. We found no marked differences in the efficacy of topical application, intramuscular injection, and oral administration. In the dosage study, there were no differences in the efficacy when CER was used at the dosage of 20 mg/kg or more. No differences were found in efficacy when CER was injected twice or more times a day.

Topical antibiotic treatment has limitations in the management of skin infection. Skin has a moderate repair activity, so an antibiotic can produce a good clinical course even at a lower concentration than the MIC against a causative organism. The antibiotics studied could give constant efficacy when administered at appropriate doses at fixed frequency or in appropriate frequencies at a fixed dosage.
A CASE OF STEWART‐TREVES SYNDROME
Authors: Setoyama Mitsuru , Mera Shuji , Nomoto Shigeru , Tashiro Masa‐Aki
Published: April 2015

A case of so‐called postmastectomy lymphangiosarcoma occurring 14 years after radical mastectomy and radiation therapy for the left mammary carcinoma was studied histologically, electron‐microscopically and immunohistochemically. The tumor cells formed cellular areas in the deeper dermis and vascular areas in the upper dermis. The tumor cells had round to spindle‐shaped hyperchromatic nuclei and poorly delineated eosinophilic cytoplasm. In an immunohistochemical study for factor VIII relating antigen (F VIII RAG), positive staining was observed in the cytoplasm of some atypical tumor cells lining vascular channels and in that of a few tumor cells in cellular areas. Electron‐microscopically, the tumor cells were similar to vascular endothelial cells.

In these studies, this tumor appeared to mimic not only lymphatic vessels, but also blood vessels. For these reasons, the authors propose that the term “angiosarcoma” would be better suited than “lymphangiosarcoma”.
BIOCHEMICAL STUDY ON GANGLIOSIDES IN NEURO‐FIBROMAS AND NEUROFIBROSARCOMAS OF RECKLINGHAUSEN'S DISEASE
Authors: Tsuchida Tetsuya , Otsuka Hideaki , Niimura Michihito , Inoue Yukiko , Kukita Atsushi , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Seyama Yousuke , Yamakawa Tamio
Published: April 2015

Gangliosides in neurofibromas and neurofibrosarcomas of Recklinghausen's disease and those of neurilemmomas of non Recklinghausen's disease were investigated. Two types of neurofibromas, cutaneous neurofibromas and plexiform neurofibromas, which are considered to originate from Schwann cells and endoneural fibroblasts, showed almost similar ganglioside compositions; both types contained GM3, GD3, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b as the major gangliosides. These ganglioside compositions resembled those of normal whole sciatic nerve, but not those of the myelin of a normal sciatic nerve hitherto reported. The ganglioside compositions of neurilemmomas, which are also considered to be derived from Schwann cells, resembled those of sciatic nerve myelin. In neurofibrosarcomas, the content of gangliosides with longer carbohydrate chains was remarkably decreased, but not in neurofibromas. This finding indicated that the biochemical analysis of ganglioside compositions of such tumors may be a useful tool for the diagnosis of the malignancy of diseases. Major gangliosides extracted from a big plexiform neurofibroma were identified by TLC, GLC and neuraminidase treatment.
STUDIES OF THE LOW‐MOLECULAR‐WEIGHT KERATINASE INHIBITOR OF HUMAN EPIDERMIS
Authors: Takiuchi Iwao , Koga Miho , Takagi Hisae , Wakimoto Atsuhiko
Published: April 2015

A low‐molecular‐weight protease inhibitor of keratinase was isolated from human epidermis extracts.

After ultrafiltration through an Amicon YM 5 filter, human epidermal extracts were passed through a CM Cellulofine column. The eluate was then applied on a DEAE Cellulofine column and eluted with 0.1 M NaCl. The resulting material was concentrated by ultrafiltration using an Amicon YC 05 membrane and chromatographed on a Sephadex G‐25 column.

These procedures yielded 26.6 units of inhibitor from the original 203.6 units detected after the ultrafiltration through the Amicon YM 5 membrane.

The isolated fraction showed a single aminopeptide band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 9.4 and exhibited inhibitory activity against keratinase. The molecular weight of the inhibitor was estimated by gelfiltration on a Sephadex G‐25 column to be approximately 3,200 Daltons.
HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME
Authors: Masuda Toshiki , Arata Jirô
Published: April 2015

A 52‐year‐old woman suffering from eczematous, nodular, prurigo‐like eruptions and systemic disorders including fever and weight loss revealed lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, moderate eosinophilia, elevated levels of IgE, and positive ANA. Although the eosinophil count was not always “over 1500/mm3”, one of the criteria for diagnosis of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), this case may be considered as mild HES at present. The cause of eosinophilia in this syndrome remains uncertain.
LOCALIZED SCLERODERMA (MORPHOEA)
Authors: Serup Jørgen
Published: April 2015

The function of eccrine sweat glands was studied in 12 patients with morphoea by two methods: paper‐disc collection of sweat following pilocarpine iontophoresis, and microscopical counting of sweat pores in a rubber base imprint taken with a material with a comparatively long cure time (Coe‐flexR regular). Control samples were obtained from normal appearing skin of the same individuals. In morphoea plaques, the secretion of sweat per 30 minutes as well as the number of sweat pores per cm2 were reduced (p<0.01, p<0.01). The correlation between the two methods was poor. After pilocarpine iontophoresis, the sweat pore count decreased in scleroderma skin (p<0.01) indicating gland fatigue. Concentrations of sodium and potassium in sweat appeared normal in the plaques as well as in the control sites. Results of the experiments were, altogether, in agreement with the histology showing sweat gland atrophy.

Skin microtopography microscopy showed absence of the normal crease pattern to be an obligatory finding in morphoea plaques, sometimes with longitudinal orientation of creases in surrounding skin.

Microscopy of skin surface imprints may be valuable as a supplementary method for assessment of skin and sweat gland affliction in scleroderma.
A PECULIAR CORPORAL PIGMENTATION—A PRESUMED VARIANT OF ACROPIGMENTATIO RETICULARIS (KITAMURA)
Authors: Fujita Hidesuke , Nishioka Kazue , Hamanaka Sumiko , Asagami Chidori
Published: April 2015

We present a 52‐year‐old woman with peculiar pigmentation distributed mainly on the trunk, which morphologically and histopathologically resembled the lesion of acropigmentatio reticularis (Kitamura). Ultrastructural as well as histopathological findings suggested that the lesion of the present case may be regarded as a kind of inflammatory process induced by an immune mechanism against some components of keratinocytes or melanosomes.
PRIMARY CUTANEOUS IgA PLASMACYTOMA
Authors: Nakamura Shinichi , Hoshi Kenji , Onda Shutaro , Kamiya Shunji
Published: April 2015

Clinical, laboratory and pathologic findings from a case of IgA (λ‐type) secreting extramedullary plasmacytoma of the skin are presented. The tumors were found first in the skin of the right upper extremity and then in the left maxillary sinus one year later. Materials were examined by peroxidase‐anti peroxidase method (PAP method) and the immunofluorescence method.
IRREGULARLY DISTRIBUTED VARICELLA
Authors: Yoshinaga Aiko , Kojo Yasuko , Hamada Yasuyuki
Published: April 2015

Four cases of varicella with irregularly distributed vesicles were presented. Altered tissue environment accompanied by leakage such as a fresh operation wound, an injection, burns and diaper rash appeared to be involved in the production of irregularly distributed varicella vesicles.
UNUSUAL BODY ODOUR DUE TO A NASAL FOREIGN BODY IN A CHILD
Authors: Eun Hee Chul , Kim Kyu Han , Lee Yoo Shin
Published: April 2015

Foul body odour is sometimes caused by a nasal foreign body. When clinical symptoms such as nasal discharge and obstruction coexist, the diagnosis is easy but it is quite difficult when there are no such symptoms, especially in a child who cannot express his distress. We report the case of a girl 2 years 8 months of age who emitted a generalized foul odour, which initially suggested to us a possible defect in her amino acid metabolism, but which finally proved to be a foul odour due to a nasal foreign body.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY ON THE HEMANGIOMAS IN POEMS SYNDROME
Authors: Imayama Shuhei , Urabe Harukuni
Published: April 2015

We examined by light and electron microscopy the cutaneous hemangiomas of the POEMS syndrome (1, 2). The reddish papules showed histologic features of a lobulated cellular capillary hemangioma and overlapping features of a pyogenic granuloma and a cherry angioma. Interesting findings of these angiomas were 1) the intravascular endothelial proliferation not in the preexisting large vessels but in the capillaries composing the tumor and 2) the presence of particles resembling Epstein‐Barr virus and fine filamentous structures in the cytoplasma of the intravascular cells.
CHONDROID SYRINGOMA
Authors: Jaimovich Leon , Arcuri Silvia , Tognaccioli Octavio , Zeitlin Eduardo , Woscoff Alberto
Published: April 2015

The characteristic features of chondroid syringoma are reviewed and three cases are presented. The first one showed typical localization and clinical features. The second one was remarkable because of the unusual size of the growth. The third patient had an unusual localization of the tumor on the tip of the nose.
A Sulfated Proteoglycan as a Novel Ligand for CD44
Authors: Toyama‐Sorimachi Noriko , Miyasaka Masayuki
Published: April 2015

We have identified a novel ligand for CD44, a cell surface glycoprotein implicated in tumor metastasis and lymphocyte homing. When the mouse T cell line CTLL‐2 was transfected with cDNA encoding a hemopoietic form of mouse CD44, CTLL‐2 cells exhibited a new self‐adhesive phenotype, forming large aggregates. The aggregation was blocked by neutralizing anti CD44 monoclonal antibody but unaffected by hyaluronidase, indicating the involvement of CD44 and its non‐hyaluronate ligand in the cell aggregation. The ability to induce CD44‐dependent aggregation was found in culture supernatants of CTLL‐2 and its CD44 transfectants. The use of CD44‐immunoglobulin chimeric protein revealed that CTLL‐2 and its transfectants synthesized a large‐molecular weight protein (gp600) which bound specifically to CD44. The gp600 was readily labeled with radioactive sulfate, and treatment of gp600 with chondroitinase ABC or ACII generated a lower molecular weight species (18–22 kDa), suggesting that gp600 consists of a small core protein with chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan side chains. However, binding of CD44 to glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin 4‐sulfate, chondroitin 6‐sulfate, and dermatan sulfate was undetectable, suggesting either that a novel chondroitin‐type glycosaminoglycan is recognized by CD44 or that a particular configuration of the glycosaminoglycan is required for recognition by CD44.