bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La croissance urbaine au Brésil : concentration dans les métropoles ou rééquilibrage du système urbain ?
Authors: Chatel Cathy , Moriconi-Ebrard François , Sposito Maria Encarnação Beltrão
Published: September 2017

Une pression démographique et foncière énorme pèse sur les deux métropoles du Brésil : São Paulo et Rio de Janeiro. Or, le rythme de la croissance de ces deux métropoles ne cesse de baisser depuis déjà un demi-siècle. Il est désormais très inférieur à la croissance nationale. La méthodologie utilisée consiste à reconstruire par le bas (bottom up) l’ensemble de la hiérarchie urbaine du pays à partir d’une définition strictement morphologique des agglomérations urbaines. Cette approche permet de vérifier qu’il existe effectivement un « attracteur » de taille démographique qui se situe actuellement autour de 500 000 habitants. Elle met aussi en valeur le rôle des fonctions administratives et politiques territoriales, notamment de capitale d’État.
Cancer Screening Information at Community Health Fairs: What the Participants Do with Information They Receive
Authors: Monrose Erica , Ledergerber Jessica , Acheampong Derrick , Jandorf Lina
Published: September 2017

Background

To assess participants’ reasons for seeking cancer screening information at community health fairs and what they do with the information they receive.

Design and methods

Mixed quantitative and qualitative approach was used. Community health fairs are organized in underserved New York City neighbourhoods. From June 14, 2016 to August 26, 2016, cancer prevention tables providing information about various cancer screenings were established at 12 local community health fairs in New York City. In-person and follow up telephone surveys assessing interest in the cancer prevention table, personal cancer screening adherence rates, information-sharing behaviours and demographic variables have been taken into account. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 22.0: frequencies, descriptive, cross tabulations. All qualitative data was coded by theme so that it could be analysed through SPSS. For example, Were you interested in a specific cancer? may be coded as 2 for yes, breast cancer.

Results

One hundred and sixteen patrons participated in the initial survey. Of those, 88 (78%) agreed to give their contact information for the follow-up survey and 60 follow-up surveys were completed (68%). Of those who reported reading the material, 45% shared the information; 15% subsequently spoke to a provider about cancer screenings and 40% intended to speak to a provider.

Conclusions

Participants disseminated information without prompting; suggesting the reach of these fairs extends beyond the people who visit our table. Future studies should look at whether patrons would share information at higher rates when they are explicitly encouraged to share the information.
Arctic SDI evaluation report 2015-2016
Authors: Giff G
Published: September 2017

This document provides a concise report on the evaluation of the Arctic SDI. The report includes an introduction to the Arctic SDI Evaluation Project, a brief discussion on the concept and benefits of SDI evaluation, SDI evaluation methodologies, the Arctic SDI
evaluation methodologies, the development of the Arctic SDI Evaluation Framework, the application of the Evaluation Framework, presentation of the results, analysis of the results, recommendations based on the results of the evaluation, and a discussion on benching the current implementation status
of the Arctic SDI.
Third Generation seismic hazard model for Canada: grid values of hazard used with the 1985, 1990, and 1995 National Building Codes of Canada
Authors: Halchuk S , Adams J
Published: September 2017

Canada's 3rd Generation seismic hazard model was the basis for the seismic design provisions in the 1985, 1990, and 1995 National Building Codes of Canada. These codes use best-estimate ground motion on firm soil sites for a probability of exceedance of 10%
in 50 years. The ground motion was quantified by seismic hazard values for two parameters: peak acceleration and peak velocity. For consistency with our later products, we tabulate code values of the two parameters for more than 200,000 grid points over Canadian territory and surrounding areas.
Values at four probability levels ranging from 1 in 100 to 1 in 1000 years are also provided which allows for the construction of 3rd Generation hazard curves for every locality in Canada. The information retroactively comprehensively documents the basis for earthquake-resistant design for buildings
constructed according to the requirements of the 1985 to 1995 codes, and may prove useful in structural retrofit decisions.
Informal public transport driver behaviour and regulatory policy linkage: An expose
Authors: Dumba Smart
Published: September 2017

Background: Literature on the negative socio-economic and environmental externalities generated by informal public transport (IPT) in developing countries is vast, vibrant and growing fast. These externalities include but are not limited to noise, air and land pollution, accidents and, more importantly, a source of congestion (human and vehicular) because of poor driver behaviour. In this article, the research does not seek to reinstate these, but rather, it argues that poor driver behaviour is a dependent variable to some regulatory policy stimuli. Yet, an extensive literature survey has shown that the driver behaviour and urban transport regulation linkage remain little explored.Objective: The purpose of this article was to unpack the relationship between informal public transport driver behaviour and the prevailing regulatory framework.Method: Based on a case study of Harare, Zimbabwe, the researcher adopted a mixed-methods paradigm and interrogated the prevailing urban public transport regulatory regimes and applied professional judgement, oral interviews backed by some quantitative data and relate these to obtaining IPT driver behavioural characteristics.Results: Poor driver behaviour exhibited by IPT were generated, exacerbated and or eased by the prevailing regulatory policy. This is well depicted through an IPT driver behaviour and regulation loop reinforcing diagram.Conclusion: Following this argument, the article cautions policy makers and urban managers alike that direct approaches and interventions when trying to regulate IPT poor driver behaviour and its secondary negative effects will be futile as long as the regulatory policy remains the same. Failure to recognise and connect the dots between IPT driver behaviour and policy partly explains why globally, the IPT sector has proved difficult in prohibiting, restructuring or even formalising it.
Euthanasie de l’animal de laboratoire
Authors: Maurin-Blanchet Henri
Published: September 2017

La fin de vie de l’animal utilisé en expérimentation est programmée généralement avant le terme ultime habituel propre à l’espérance de vie de l’espèce à laquelle il appartient.

Les conditions de sa mort se doivent d’être à la fois rapides et exemptes le plus possible de douleur et d’angoisse.

Pour les vertébrés notamment, un arsenal réglementaire aux fins de protection encadre les conditions de son utilisation. L’importance quantitative et dégressive globale de celle-ci mérite d’être rappelée également.

Les différentes méthodes de sacrifice préconisées prendront en considération certains critères tels que la détermination du moment convenable de l’arrêt de l’expérimentation, l’espèce en cause ainsi que l’âge de l’animal, mais aussi les finalités de l’expérience elle-même.

Des aspects d’ordre éthique sont donc à envisager jusqu’à l’issue du processus expérimental.
Toxoplasmose oculaire chez l’homme
Authors: Bokobza Yves
Published: September 2017

Parmi les uvéites postérieures, la cause la plus fréquente est la toxo¬ plasmose oculaire. La toxoplasmose est liée à un protozoaire, toxoplasma gondii. L’homme, hôte accidentel se contamine soit en ingérant des oocystes (légumes, fruits souillés par la terre, contact avec les selles du chat) soit en ingérant la forme kystique par consommation de viande mal cuite. La toxoplasmose rétinochoroïdienne est le plus souvent congénitale en France. La forme acquise, généralement asymptomatique, peut causer un syndrome fébrile avec polyadénopathie (10 % des cas) et dans de rare cas un foyer rétinochoroïdien. Dans la forme congénitale, l’infection du fœtus est d’autant plus sévère que la contamination se produit dans les premiers mois de la grossesse. L’atteinte ophtalmologique peut être découverte par la présence d’une cicatrice au fond d’œil à la naissance. Même si l’examen ophtalmologique est normal à la naissance, l’atteinte choriorétinienne peut apparaître des années plus tard (8,3 ans en moyenne). La forme clinique la plus fréquente est la rétinochoroïdite toxoplasmique. L’atteinte est le plus souvent unilatérale (sauf dans la forme congénitale découverte à la naissance). Elle associe un foyer rétinochoroïdien blanc associé à une réaction vitréenne plus importante au regard du foyer. Les récidives surviennent souvent en bordure ou à proximité d’une ancienne cicatrice. L’atteinte paripapillaire, du nerf optique ou de la zone maculaire menace la fonction visuelle et doit être traitée activement en urgence. L’évolution spontanée se fait vers la cicatrisation spontanée des lésions en 1 à 2 mois. Cependant certaines lésions peuvent rester actives pendant plusieurs mois. Les récidives ne sont pas prévisibles et fréquentes (50 %). Le diagnostic de certitude repose sur la mise en évidence de la production locale d’anticorps spécifiques dans la chambre antérieure par le calcul du coefficient de DESMONTS, ainsi que les sérologies sanguines (IgG, IgM). Les indications thérapeutiques sont la toxoplasmose de l’immunodé¬ primé et une toxoplasmose rétinienne entraînant une baisse de l’acuité visuelle, lésions choriorétiniennes péripapillaires ou périmaculaire. Le traitement de référence associe pyriméthamine 100 mg à J1 puis SO mg/j, sulfadiazine 4 g/j en 4 prises, acide folinique 50 mg 1 ampoule à boire 1 fois/semaine. Après 48 h de traitement antiparasitaire la corticothérapie peut être initialisée en bolus dans les formes menaçant la fonction visuelle méthylprednisolone 500 mg/j 3 jours consécutifs relayé par prednisone 1/2 mg/kg/j.
Les leptospiroses : actualités cliniques
Authors: Pagès Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2017

Malgré la mise en place d’une vaccination il y a 30 ans, la leptospirose du chien continue à exister dans notre pays sous forme de cas sporadique ou de petites épizooties. Les formes classiques dues aux sérovars vaccinaux canicola et icterohaemorragiae, septicémiques, hépatiques avec des ictères jaunes orangés et gastroentéritique hémorragique ont tendance à disparaître. À l’inverse on observe de nouvelles formes cliniques souvent insidieuses dont la morbidité est plus faible, l’expression clinique différente (lésions rénales sans insuffisance rénale, hémorragiques intra-rétiniennes profondes, cytolyse hépatique sans ictère, troubles neuromusculaires, hépatite chronique active, néphrite interstitielle, troubles du comportement, méningo-encéphalomyélite, état fébrile sans localisations oiganiques) et l’évolution variable (aiguë, subaiguë et chronique). Ces formes sont dues à d’autres sérovars (bratislava, automnalis, pomona, batavia, hardjo, grippotyphosa) qui étaient considérés comme non ou toutefois moins spécifiques du chien. Ces infections se développent malgré la vaccination et entraînent soit des conséquences cliniques graves par absence de diagnostic soit des portages chroniques avec élimination des bactéries dans les urines. Le diagnostic est suspecté à partir des formes décrites et confirmé, à partir de deux prélèvements à 3 semaines d’intervalle, par le test de microagglutination. L’utilisation de la PCR va vraisemblablement s’imposer comme une méthode de choix dans les prochaines années. Le traitement est un traitement de réanimation en particulier pour le maintien ou le rétablissement de la fonction rénale et une antibiothérapie la plus précoce possible, longue ; l’association dans le temps d’une pénicilline (15 jours) et de doxycycline (15 jours) est recommandée. Le vaccin proposé actuellement n’est plus adapté aux nouvelles données épidémiologiques. Très souvent sous-diagnostiquée en médecine humaine la maladie constitue un grave problème de santé publique.
The Nigerian Musical Instrument Production Industry
Authors: Ofuani Sunday
Published: September 2017

The quest for abundant job opportunity and unemployment resolution actually demand economic-diversification approach, which can enhance/advance the development of all the prospective economic industries in Nigeria. The ‘Vision 2020’ movements equally stress on it in order to achieve its targets. In this limelight, this research examines and assesses the various endeavours through which the Nigerian Musical Instrument Production Industry (NMIPI) contributes to the national economy. Through observation, interview, discussion and evaluation methods, it is identified that although the industry contributes to the Nigerian economy it requires technological, mechanical, cost-effectiveness, financial-viability, trade and industrial development to enhance optimal utilization of all its economic potentials. There is no Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or any official record(s) of the existing economic and cultural inputs of NMIPI. Hence it may be difficult for the Local, States and Federal governments and the populace to appreciate the impacts of the industry by recognizing, supporting, strengthening and making it work effectively. On this backdrop, this paper discusses and evaluates the NMIPI in order to expose its various economic and cultural importances. The problems and prospects of the industry were identified and examined. The findings can serve as basic evaluation information that can help to assess and appraise the economic prospects of NMIPI.Keywords: Nigerian, musical instruments, production, industry, economic, problems, development, prospect
Effect of dietary supplementation with Rhizopus oryzae or Chrysonilia crassa on growth performance, blood profile, intestinal microbial population, and carcass traits in broilers exposed to heat stress
Authors: Sugiharto Sugiharto , Yudiarti Turrini , Isroli Isroli , Widiastuti Endang , Putra Fatan Dwi
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Dietary supplementation of additives has recently been part of strategies to deal with the detrimental effects of heat stress (HS) on the performance and carcass traits in broiler chicks. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with the fungi Rhizopus oryzae or Chrysonilia crassa on growth, blood profile, intestinal microbial population and carcass traits in broiler chicks subjected to HS. R. oryzae and C. crassa are filamentous fungi isolated from the ileum of indigenous Indonesian chickens which exhibited probiotic and antioxidant properties. Two hundred and forty 21-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allotted into six groups, including birds reared under normal temperature (28 ± 2 °C) (CONT), birds reared under HS conditions (35 ± 2 °C) (HS-CONT), birds reared under HS and provided with commercial anti-stress formula (HS-VIT), birds reared under HS and provided with R. oryzae (HS-RO), birds reared under HS and provided with C. crassa (HS-CC) and birds reared under HS and provided with rice bran (HS-RB). Body weight gain was highest (P < 0. 01) and lowest (P < 0. 01) in CONT and HS-CONT birds, respectively. The heart was heavier (P < 0. 05) in CONT than in HS-CONT and HS-VIT birds. CONT birds had heavier duodenum (P < 0. 05) and jejunum (P < 0. 01) than other birds. Eosinophils was higher (P < 0. 05) in HS-CC than in other birds. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was higher (P < 0. 05) in HS-CONT than in CONT, HS-VIT and HS-CC birds. Total triglyceride was highest (P < 0. 05) and lowest (P < 0. 05) in HS-RB and HS-RO birds, respectively. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was higher (P < 0. 05) in HS-CONT than in other HS birds. Total protein was lowest and highest (P < 0. 05) in CONT and HS-CONT birds, respectively. Albumin was higher (P < 0. 05) in HS-CONT and HS-VIT than in HS-RO birds. Globulin was lower (P < 0. 05) in CONT than in HS-CONT, HS-VIT and HS-RB birds. Uric acid was lower (P < 0. 05) in CONT than in HS-CONT and HS-VIT birds. The 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) percentage inhibition values of the serum were higher (P < 0. 01) in CONT, HS-CONT and HS-VIT than those in HS-RO, HS-CC and HS-RB birds. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of C. crassa decreased serum LDL concentration and ALT activity and improved antioxidant status of broiler subjected to HS. Supplementation with C. crassa seemed beneficial in improving physiological conditions of HS birds.
A new look at the multi-G model for organic carbon degradation in
surface marine sediments for coupled benthic-pelagic simulations of
the global ocean
Authors: Stolpovsky Konstantin , Dale Andrew W. , Wallmann Klaus
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The kinetics of particulate organic carbon (POC) mineralization in marine surface sediments is not well constrained. This creates considerable uncertainties when benthic processes are considered in global biogeochemical or Earth system circulation models to simulate climate-ocean interactions and biogeochemical tracers in the ocean. In an attempt to improve our understanding of the rate and depth distribution of organic carbon mineralization in bioturbated (0–10 cm) sediments, we parameterized a 1-D diagenetic model that simulates the reactivity of three discrete POC pools at global scale (a multi-G model). The rate constants of the three reactive classes (highly reactive, reactive, refractory) are fixed and determined to be 70 yr−1, 0.5 yr−1, and ~0.001 yr−1, respectively, based on the Martin curve model for pelagic POC degradation. In contrast to previous approaches, the reactivity of the organic material degraded in the seafloor is continuous with, and set by, the apparent reactivity of material sinking through the water column. The model is able to simulate a global database (185 stations) of benthic oxygen and nitrate fluxes across the sediment-water interface in addition to porewater oxygen and nitrate distributions and organic carbon burial efficiencies. It is further consistent with degradation experiments of fresh phytoplankton. We propose that an important yet mostly overlooked consideration in previous upscaling approaches is the proportion of the relative reactive POC classes reaching the seafloor in addition to their reactivity. The approach presented is applicable to both steady-state and non-steady state scenarios, and links POC degradation kinetics in sedimentary environments to water depth and the POC rain rate to the seafloor.
Crustal Thickness of Antarctica estimated using data from gravimetric satellites
Authors: Llubes Muriel , Seoane Lucia , Bruinsma Sean , Rémy Frédérique
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Computing a better crustal thickness model is still a necessary improvement in Antarctica. In this far continent where almost all the rocky surface is covered by the ice sheet, seismic investigations do not reach a sufficient spatial resolution for geological and geophysical purposes. Here, we computed a global map of Antarctic crustal thicknesses based on space gravity observations. The DIR5 gravity field model, built from GOCE and also GRACE gravimetric data, is inverted with the Parker–Oldenburg's iterative algorithm. The BEDMAP products are used to estimate the gravity effect of the ice and the rocky surface. Our result is compared to crustal thickness provided by seismological studies, CRUST1.0 and AN1 models. Although CRUST1.0 shows a very good agreement with our model, the spatial resolution is smaller with gravimetric data. Finally, we adjust the crust/mantle density contrast considering the Moho depth from CRUST1.0 model. In East Antarctica, the density contrast clearly shows higher values than in West Antarctica.
La propensión exportadora de la economía social andaluza: análisis clúster
Authors: Pérez Suárez Macarena , Sánchez Torné Isadora , Espasandín Bustelo Francisco
Published: September 2017

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar los factores internos (tamaño, presupuesto de innovación, ventas en el exterior, incremento de la exportación y comercio electrónico) y los factores externos (sector económico) que condicionan la propensión exportadora de las empresas de Economía Social. Se dimensionó la propensión exportadora utilizando el método inductivo y aplicando varios análisis estadísticos (inferencias y análisis clúster) a una muestra de cooperativas y sociedades laborales en un límite territorial, Andalucía, y en dos momentos puntuales del tiempo, 2002 y 2013. Como resultado se identificó dos segmentos de empresas que, una vez caracterizados, proporcionan modelos de exportación. Los resultados probaron disparidad en dos clúster andaluces de Economía Social con actividad exterior, y un incremento de la propensión exportadora, especialmente, entre las entidades del sector primario y de mayor dimensión empresarial.
Developing a Digital Currency from an Islamic Perspective: Case of Blockchain Technology
Authors: Zubaidi Ibrahim Bassam , Abdullah Adam
Published: September 2017

Numerous studies ranging from concept papers and reviews were conducted on the matter of blockchain and digital currencies. However, those two areas are not well researched due to its being a new area of research. Furthermore, the research on blockchain applications in the Islamic financial system precisely the potential of digital currency in providing a better alternative to current fiat money system which will be the scope of this article. The aim of revolves around exploring the potential and capability of introducing a digital currency that fulfills the Islamic law (Shari’ah) functions of money and provides a more stable currency than fiat money. The method used for analyzing this object includes a library research on related topics that helps understanding the functions of money and digital currencies and study of several cases that can assist in fulfilling the objectives of this paper in introducing an Islamic digital currency through detailed research of Islamic theory of money and civilization as well as the developments of blockchain, our findings point towards the ability of introducing a Shari’ah-compliant digital currency if all the issues on validity are addressed and resolved. However, the area of digital currencies and blockchain requires further research from a Shari’ah perspective to facilitate a better understanding on the topic.
Views of Students, Parents, and Teachers on Homework in Elementary School
Authors: Davidovitch Nitza , Yavich Roman
Published: September 2017

The current study seeks to examine the perception of the three main populations that have a part in the educational and pedagogic domain: teachers, parents, and elementary school students, while comparing between religious and secular schools. The major hypothesis of the study is that teachers, parents, and students do not have congruent views on the aims and effectiveness of homework. Another hypothesis was that differences would be found between parents’ views of homework by religiosity. In addition, a negative association will be found between the teacher’s years on the job and attitude towards homework assignment–such that the more years of experience the more negative their attitudes towards homework assignment. Finally, differences will be found in the respondents’ views on homework assignment by the school’s geographic location. The research findings show that the first hypothesis was partially confirmed. Teachers are the most positive about homework, followed by students and finally parents. The confirmation was only partial, as the hypothesis was that students’ views would be the least supportive. The second hypothesis was not confirmed, as no significant differences were found between the views of religious and secular parents on homework. The findings concerning the third hypothesis found a significant negative correlation; such that the more experienced the teacher the more negative his or her attitude to homework, confirming the hypothesis. The conclusions of this study indicate that the homework format is in dispute and there is no consensus on this topic. It appears, at times, that it may be customary to act by force of habit in formal education, as in other areas. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research on the subject and to explore whether there is a need for change in the educational world, following the many changes that society has undergone over the years.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Biology, Vol. 9, No. 4
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: September 2017

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Biology, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2017
Differentiated Instruction in a Calculus Curriculum for College Students in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Jing-Hua , Chen Yi-Chou
Published: September 2017

Objectives: To explore differentiated instruction within a calculus curriculum. For college students to learn concentration, motivation and the impact of academic achievement; explore the attitudes and ideas of students on differentiated instruction within a calculus curriculum; build up the diversity of mathematics education within varied educational settings. Participants: Sample data were collected from freshman students of the Army Academy: total sample = 60, experimental and control group each had 30. Methods: Quasi-experimental design. Study tested whether differentiated instruction would enhance calculus instruction, compared with a traditional teaching method. Results: As hypothesized, results showed a significant difference in calculus achievement between experimental and control groups. Conclusions: Results supported the effectiveness of differentiated instruction on calculus curriculum. Finally, depending on the research results, the researcher provided practical suggestions for the educational research.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 6 No. 5
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: September 2017

Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to jfr@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 5Aly R Abdel-Moemin, Helwan University, EgyptAncuta Elena Prisacaru, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, RomaniaAntonello Santini, University of Napoli "Federico II", ItalyBeatriz Sevilla-Moran, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, SpainCorina-aurelia Zugravu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, RomaniaDiego A. Moreno-Fernández, CEBAS-CSIC, SpainGisele Fátima Morais Nunes, Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais, BrazilIonel D. Bondoc, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, RomaniaLilia Calheiros De Oliveira Barretto, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, BrazilMarco Iammarino, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, ItalyMarta Mesias, Spanish National Research Council, SpainMuhammed Yüceer, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, TurkeyNingning Zhao, Oregon Health & Science University, United StatesSefat E Khuda, Centre for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United StatesShalini A. Neeliah, Ministry of Agro-industry and food security, MauritiusSonchieu Jean, Higher Technical Teachers Training College (HTTTC), University of Bamenda, CameroonVasudha Bansal, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), India
The W Model, a Systematic Engineering for Water Source Clearance, Renewable Energy Production, and Ecological Agricuture Development – A Proposal for Sustainable Development
Authors: Wang Tongyuan
Published: September 2017

This article proposes a systematic engineering for sustainable economic and ecologic development. This system is deemed to be applicable in any country of the world. The system aims to realize five important objectives: water source clearance, energy saving and emission reduction, renewable energy and organic fertilizer production, and ecological agriculture development, all in large scale and at low cost. The main conception of the new system to reach these goals is the replacement of the conventional sewage treatment approach with more efficient and more ecological process – the natural fermentation of the mixture of the urban sewage and agrarian wastes, such that water body clearance, including water de-eutrophication, green algae prevention and siltation dredging will all be accomplished at virtually a zero cost. Along with this process, the system can produce a vast amount of renewable energy and organic fertilizers, consequently ecological agriculture development in large scale can be realized. As a result, this system will greatly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers thus largely reduce the consumption of fossil energy and the related polluting emissions. This system is thus fully a circular economy model through full west-reuse processes, which ultimately will enhance our life quality with healthier food and living environment. The system is flexible and adaptable to be implemented in either small towns or megacities. The implementation and operation of this system will also benefits employment growth. Lastly, in terms of economic feasibility and profitability, millions to billions of dollars of annual revenue can be generated from the running of this system in a country.
Finding the Technological Sweet Spot: The Smallholder Conservation Agriculture Maize Seeder
Authors: Harman Rebecca Mattingly , Eash Neal S. , Morrison John E. , Hart William E. , Sullivan Casey T. , Lambert Dayton M.
Published: September 2017

The seeder is integral to smallholder agricultural production. This technology seeks to lessen farmer labor requirements, meter seeds accurately, and minimize excessive soil disturbance. Hand seeders play a central role in conservation agriculture (CA) for the smallholder farmer as a means to plant through residue cover and penetrate non-tilled soil surfaces. Two trials in maize (Zea mays, L.) residue and soybean (Glycine max, L.) residue were conducted to test seven seeders of increasing mechanization levels: five hand operated, one mechanized, and one tractor-drawn control. The experiment site was in Mt. Gilead, Ohio, at the Eastern end of the US “Corn Belt” that had been under continuous no-till production for seven years. Experimental conditions at the site sought to mimic smallholder conditions through seeding and hand harvesting. Seeders were evaluated based on plant population establishment, crop growth stage, crop heights and final maize grain yield. The hand seeders were further evaluated based on their economic viability and usability – key challenges to the ultimate adoption of new seeding technologies. The study found that the seeders tested performed equally to the control, the John Deere MaxEmerge Conservation planter, the crop-seeding capacity and price evaluation identified the Haraka rolling planter ill-suited for smallholders while the OSU Greenseeder proved highest qualitative performance. In conclusion, all evaluations indicate that a medium level of mechanization is appropriate and necessary to be successful in a smallholder CA system although continued research is necessary.
Assessment of Commercial Active Ceramic Tiles on Benzene Degradation for the Pollution Control of Indoor Atmospheric Buildings
Authors: Crepaldi R. , Titato G. M. , Lanças F. M. , Sichieri E. P. , Telascrea M. , Chaves M. R. M.
Published: September 2017

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) constitutes an important class of air pollutants, and benzene is one of the main contaminants of indoor air pollution. Among the methods for the treatment of environments with a high VOCs concentration is the photocatalytic oxidation by TiO2 (anatase) ceramic coated surfaces. The effectiveness of VOCs photodegradation studies using active ceramic tiles made in laboratory is well reported in the literature. However, this has not been reported using commercial tiles, although active ceramics are sold for such a function. In this context, this study proposed the assessment of commercial active ceramic tiles capacity in the photocatalytic degradation of benzene in indoor air. The development of this work arose from two questions: a) if the commercial active ceramic tiles are efficient in the VOCs degradation as the manufacturers claim; b) if they are able to degrade VOCs in indoor building environments. Experiments were conducted in laboratory’s scale, using an adapted simulation chamber. The volatilized benzene entered in contact with the commercial ceramic tile under fluorescent light and ultraviolet (UV) light of 365 nm. Samples of the chamber internal air were collected by adsorption on polydimethylsiloxane fibres in headspace technique (SPME-HS). The evaluation of the benzene degradation occurred by gas chromatography analysis with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The characterization of commercial active ceramic samples occurred by techniques of X-Ray Diffraction Powder (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS). Results showed that, under the experimental conditions, the commercial active ceramic tile was not capable of the benzene photocatalytic oxidation. The ceramic characterization detected very low quantity of TiO2 on ceramic samples, being this fact attributed as the main responsible for the ceramic photocatalytic inactiveness.
Putrescine catabolism via DAO contributes to proline and GABA accumulation in roots of lupine seedlings growing under salt stress
Authors: Legocka Jolanta , Sobieszczuk-Nowicka Ewa , Ludwicki Damian , Lehmann Teresa
Published: September 2017

The levels of polyamines (PAs), proline (Pro), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as well as the activity of diamine oxidase (DAO; EC 1.4.3.6) were studied in the roots of 2-day-old lupine (Lupinus luteus L. ‘Juno’) seedlings treated with 200 mM NaCl for 24 h. The effect of adding 1 mM aminoguanidine (AG), an inhibitor of DAO activity, was also analyzed. It was found that in roots of lupine seedlings growing under salt stress, a negative correlation between Pro accumulation and putrescine (Put) content takes place. Pro level increased in roots by about 160% and, at the same time, Put content decreased by about 60%, as a result of ca. twofold increase of DAO activity. The AG added to the seedlings almost totally inhibited the activity of DAO, increased Put accumulation to control level, decreased Pro content by about 25%, and reduced GABA level by about 22%. Addition of 50 mM GABA to the lupine seedlings growing in the presence of AG and NaCl restored Pro content in roots to its level in NaCl-treated plants. In this research, the clear correlation between Put degradation and GABA and Pro accumulation was shown for the first time in the roots of seedlings growing under salt stress. This could be considered as a short-term response of a plant to high salt concentration. Our findings indicate that during intensive Pro accumulation in roots induced by salt stress, the pool of this amino acid is indirectly supported by GABA production as a result of Put degradation.
Canadian Frailty Network (CFN) National Conference Abstracts
Authors: Muscedere John , Bebenek Sarah Grace , Stockley Denise , Kinderman Laura , Barrie Carol
Published: September 2017

One of the components of the Canadian Frailty Network (CFN) Interdisciplinary Training Program is for HQPs to disseminate their work through publication and meetings. The main dissemination event of CFN is the annual conference; the 3rd CFN Annual Conference on Improving Care for the Frail Elderly was held in Toronto, September 27-29, 2015 and the 4th CFN Annual Conference was held in Toronto, on April 23-24, 2017. The goal for both conferences was to bring together key researchers, practitioners, educators, policy-makers, advocates, and organizations devoted to improving health care for the seriously ill, frail elderly, and to highlight HQP research. All 2015 and 2016 HQPs in the Summer Student Award Program, the Interdisciplinary Fellowship Project, and project HQP involved with a CFN-funded project submitted an abstract for their affiliated conference. The abstracts were reviewed for quality, and the authors presented them as posters during the conferences. In what follows, we present the compilation of research abstracts that were presented by CFN HQP at the 3rd and 4th annual conferences. The annual conference will continue to be expanded in coming years, and next year we will accept abstracts from all researchers who are engaged with the seriously ill, frail elderly.
The Mighty Picturebook: Providing a Plethora of Possibilities
Authors: Moreillon Judi
Published: September 2017

Picturebooks are books in which both words and illustrations are essential to the story’s meaning. . . . In a true picturebook, the illustrations are integral to the reader’s experience of the book and the story would be diminished or confusing without the illustrations.”1 Readers may agree with this definition, but that is not the end of the conversation. Picturebook readers continue to engage in discussions in the library world and children’s literature field about the audiences for, formats of, and uses of picturebooks in the literacy lives of readers, listeners, and viewers.
Study in Cationic Micellar Effect on Photogalvanics: Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride- Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid – Safranine O System for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Gangotri Prerna , Gangotri K.M.
Published: September 2017

The Object of the Study is to observe the enhancement on photogalvanics in presence of cationic micellar species i.e. cetyl pyridinium chloride in photogalvanic cell for solar energy conversion and storage. The photogalvanic system provides the higher values in maximum current value 225.0 µA as compare to 15.0 µA in without micellar system. The power at power point of the cell is 28.12 µW as compare to 3.00 µW and storage capacity of cationic micellar system is 25.0 min. as compare to 11.0 minutes in without micellar photogalvanic cell. The conversion efficiency and i-V characteristics of the cells have been determined and a mechanism has also been proposed for the generation of electricity in photogalvanic cells having cationic micellar species and without micellar system.
The Classification of Long Bone Osteomyelitis: A Systemic Review of the Literature
Authors: Hotchen Andrew J. , McNally Martin A. , Sendi Parham
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Background: Osteomyelitis is a complex disease. Treatment involves a combination of bone resection, antimicrobials and soft-tissue coverage. There is a difficulty in unifying a classification system for long bone osteomyelitis that is generally accepted.Objectives: In this systematic review, we aim to investigate the classification systems for long bone osteomyelitis that have been presented within the literature. By doing this, we hope to elucidate the important variables that are required when classifying osteomyelitis.Methods: A complete search of the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane and Ovid databases was undertaken. Following exclusion criteria, 13 classification systems for long-bone osteomyelitis were included for review.Results: The 13 classification systems that were included for review presented seven different variables that were used for classification. Ten of them used only one main variable, two used two variables and one used seven variables. The variables included bone involvement (used in 7 classification systems), acute versus chronic infection (used in 6), aetiopathogenesis (used in 3), host status (used in 3), soft tissue (used in 2), microbiology (used in 1) and location of infected bone (used in 1). The purpose of each classification system could be grouped as either descriptive (3 classification systems), prognostic (4) or for management (4). Two of the 13 classification systems were for both prognostic and management purposes.Conclusions: This systematic review has demonstrated a variety of variables used for classification of long bone osteomyelitis. While some variables are used to guide management and rehabilitation after surgery (e.g., bone defect, soft tissue coverage), others were postulated to provide prognostic information (e.g., host status). Finally, some variables were used for descriptive purposes only (aetiopathogenesis). In our view and from today's perspective, bone involvement, antimicrobial resistance patterns of causative micro-organisms, the need for soft-tissue coverage and host status are important variables to include in a classification system.
Spatial analysis and simulation tools for groundwater management: the FREEWAT platform
Authors: Rossetto Rudy , De Filippis Giovanna , Borsi Iacopo , Foglia Laura , Cannata Massimiliano , Criollo Rotman , Vásquez-Suñé Enric
Published: September 2017

FREEWAT is an HORIZON 2020 project financed by the EU Commission under the call WATER INNOVATION: BOOSTING ITS VALUE FOR EUROPE. FREEWAT main result is an open source and public domain GIS-integrated modeling environment for the simulation of groundwater quantity and quality, with an integrated water management and planning module. FREEWAT aims at promoting water resource management by simplifying the application of the Water Framework Directive and other EU water-related Directives. To this scope, the FREEWAT platform results from the integration in the QGIS Desktop of spatially distributed and physically-based codes (mostly belonging to the USGS MODFLOW family), which allow to get a deep insight in groundwater dynamics, taking into account the space and time variability of stresses which control the hydrological cycle. This is attempted in a unique GIS environment, where large spatial datasets can be managed and visualized. In this paper, a review of the tools/modules integrated in FREEWAT for data pre-processing and model implementation is provided. FREEWAT applicability was demonstrated through running 14 case studies, in the general framework of an innovative participatory approach, which consists in involving technical staff and relevant stakeholders (in primis policy and decision makers) during modeling activities, thus creating a common environment to enhance science and evidence-based decision making in water resource management.
Parvalbumin-positive interneurons mediate neocortical-hippocampal interactions that are necessary for memory consolidation
Authors: Xia Frances , Richards Blake A , Tran Matthew M , Josselyn Sheena A , Takehara-Nishiuchi Kaori , Frankland Paul W
Published: September 2017

Following learning, increased coupling between spindle oscillations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ripple oscillations in the hippocampus is thought to underlie memory consolidation. However, whether learning-induced increases in ripple-spindle coupling are necessary for successful memory consolidation has not been tested directly. In order to decouple ripple-spindle oscillations, here we chemogenetically inhibited parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons, since their activity is important for regulating the timing of spiking activity during oscillations. We found that contextual fear conditioning increased ripple-spindle coupling in mice. However, inhibition of PV+ cells in either CA1 or mPFC eliminated this learning-induced increase in ripple-spindle coupling without affecting ripple or spindle incidence. Consistent with the hypothesized importance of ripple-spindle coupling in memory consolidation, post-training inhibition of PV+ cells disrupted contextual fear memory consolidation. These results indicate that successful memory consolidation requires coherent hippocampal-neocortical communication mediated by PV+ cells.
Effect of the environment on horizontal gene transfer between bacteria and archaea
Authors: Fuchsman Clara A. , Collins Roy Eric , Rocap Gabrielle , Brazelton William J.
Published: September 2017

Background

Horizontal gene transfer, the transfer and incorporation of genetic material between different species of organisms, has an important but poorly quantified role in the adaptation of microbes to their environment. Previous work has shown that genome size and the number of horizontally transferred genes are strongly correlated. Here we consider how genome size confuses the quantification of horizontal gene transfer because the number of genes an organism accumulates over time depends on its evolutionary history and ecological context (e.g., the nutrient regime for which it is adapted).

Results

We investigated horizontal gene transfer between archaea and bacteria by first counting reciprocal BLAST hits among 448 bacterial and 57 archaeal genomes to find shared genes. Then we used the DarkHorse algorithm, a probability-based, lineage-weighted method (Podell & Gaasterland, 2007), to identify potential horizontally transferred genes among these shared genes. By removing the effect of genome size in the bacteria, we have identified bacteria with unusually large numbers of shared genes with archaea for their genome size. Interestingly, archaea and bacteria that live in anaerobic and/or high temperature conditions are more likely to share unusually large numbers of genes. However, high salt was not found to significantly affect the numbers of shared genes. Numbers of shared (genome size-corrected, reciprocal BLAST hits) and transferred genes (identified by DarkHorse) were strongly correlated. Thus archaea and bacteria that live in anaerobic and/or high temperature conditions are more likely to share horizontally transferred genes. These horizontally transferred genes are over-represented by genes involved in energy conversion as well as the transport and metabolism of inorganic ions and amino acids.

Conclusions

Anaerobic and thermophilic bacteria share unusually large numbers of genes with archaea. This is mainly due to horizontal gene transfer of genes from the archaea to the bacteria.In general, these transfers are from archaea that live in similar oxygen and temperature conditions as the bacteria that receive the genes. Potential hotspots of horizontal gene transfer between archaea and bacteria include hot springs, marine sediments, and oil wells. Cold spots for horizontal transfer included dilute, aerobic, mesophilic environments such as marine and freshwater surface waters.
Poliomielite – erradicação ou controle?
Authors: Rechenchoski Daniele Zendrini , Godoi Ananda Marques de , Botura Tatiana Jabor , Faccin-Galhardi Ligia Carla , Nozawa Carlos , Linhares Rosa Elisa Carvalho
Published: September 2017

A poliomielite é uma doença infecciosa aguda causada pelo poliovírus, afeta o sistema nervoso central e leva à destruição de neurônios motores, resultando em paralisia flácida. O vírus pertence à família Picornaviridae e é constituído por RNA de fita simples de polaridade positiva e capsídeo icosaédrico. A doença está sob controle na maior parte do mundo, devido ao uso da vacina a partir de 1955 e a consolidação das medidas imunoprofiláticas, através do programa de imunização massiva iniciada na década de setenta. Entretanto, a ameaça de sua re-emergência persiste. Apesar dos intensos esforços para a erradicação da doença, prevista pela OMS para o ano de 2000, a doença permanece endêmica na Nigéria, Paquistão e Afeganistão. As vacinas de vírus inativado (VIP) (Salk) e atenuado (VOP) (Sabin) começaram a ser usadas, respectivamente, nas décadas de 50 e 60. No Brasil, o Plano Nacional de Imunização Antipoliomielite, passou a adotar o esquema de vacinação sequencial das duas vacinas, a partir de 2012, até então mantida somente com a VOP. Até que a erradicação do poliovírus seja consolidada, as demais regiões do mundo continuam em risco de importação da doença. Além disso, a poliomielite paralítica associada às cepas derivadas dos vírus vacinais (VDPV) impõe um novo e complexo desafio à erradicação da doença. Esta revisão propõe contextualizar as informações atuais da doença, do agente etiológico, vacinas e suas intercorrências.