bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential expression and bioinformatics analysis of microRNAs in exosomes of sheep poxvirus-infected cells
Authors: Ma Xiaoqin , Zhang Beibei , Wang Hongyu , Gao Yun , Wang Lan , He Mingyu , Zhu Zhongzheng , Chao Xiaoshan , Wang Ying , Ding Juntao
Published: December 2024

Sheep pox is widespread worldwide and is the most severe animal pox virus infection. This study aimed to identify the key microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in the exosomes of sheep poxvirus-infected cells and their target genes and related pathways and provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sheep poxvirus-infected cells. In this study, the differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the target genes of miRNAs were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics. The qPCR results showed that the expression trends of oar-miR-21, oar-miR-10b, oar-let-7f, oar-let-7b, and oar-miR-221 were consistent with the sequencing results. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results showed that differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in the immune system processes of the Arf6 downstream pathway. The target genes Reactome pathways were mainly enriched in the RAC1 GTPase cycle, CDC42 GTPase cycle, RHO GTPase cycle, RHOV GTPase cycle, and post-transcriptional silencing of small RNAs. The transcription factors SP4, NKX6-1, MEF2A, SP1, EGR1, and POU2F1 that may be connected to sheep pox virus (SPPV)-infected cells were discovered by transcription factor annotation screening. In conclusion, this study screened for differentially expressed miRNAs in SPPV-infected cells and performed a series of bioinformatic analyses of their target genes to provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of sheep pox virus infections of cells. The data can be used as basic information in future studies on the defense mechanisms against poxvirus infections.
Serological monitoring and risk factors of brucellosis and Q fever in calves in Türkiye
Authors: Ozgen Ediz Kagan , Sayi Orbay , Atalay Ercan , Kutlu Ramazan , Karagoz Mustafa , Bagatir Perihan Serifoglu , Yanmaz Berna
Published: December 2024

The death and loss of offspring before the gestation period is complete is defined as abortion. All calf losses before the 200th day of pregnancy are defined in this way. Brucellosis and Q fever diseases are among the most important abortive diseases in cattle. This study examined the seropositivity rates of brucellosis and Q fever in 3- to 6-month-old calves not vaccinated with Brucella abortus S19. Six hundred and 81 calves were included, and blood serum samples were collected. The rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and complement fixation test (CFT) tests were used to diagnose brucellosis, and indirect ELISA was used to diagnose Q fever. Among the calves whose blood serum was collected, the positive results for the RBPT, indirect ELISA, and CFT tests were 3.5%, 8.8%, and 5.5%, respectively. A positivity rate of 6.6% was determined for Q fever. In the study, the co-infection rate of brucellosis and Q fever was determined to be 0.44%. On the other hand, the seropositivity of brucellosis and Q fever in calves was not significant (p > 0.05) according to sex and age. The calves born in the study area were infected either intrauterine or during the postpartum period. In addition, ELISA had higher sensitivity than the other tests. Therefore, the combination of RBPT and indirect ELISA should be used in herd screenings to detect more infected animals.
Edema disease in two gold-spotted pond frogs (Pelophylax chosenicus) raised in captivity: two case reports
Authors: Kim Hee-Jong , Kwon Kwanik , Yoon JuDuk , Kim Kyoo-Tae
Published: December 2024

Two gold-spotted pond frogs (Pelophylax chosenicus) experienced anorexia, buoyancy without diving, and systemic swelling for 1 month and died several days later. On necropsy, the liver had protruding dark gray nodules scattered on its surface, and the kidneys were fat-like beige. Bacteriology showed the presence of Citrobacter braakii, Delftia acidovorans, Elizabethkingia spp., and Chryseobacterium indologenes. On microscopy, the liver showed melanomacrophagic aggregates, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis. In the case of these frogs, the edema disease is suspected to have been caused by long-term exposure to chlorine and chloramines in tap water rather than infection.
Verification of disinfection effect on Salmonella Typhimurium and low pathogenic avian influenza of human body sterilizer used in livestock fields
Authors: Park Yeonseo , Kim Sukwon , Kim Sungkwan , Kim Joosung , Choe Nonghoon
Published: December 2024

In the livestock field, human body sterilizer is one of the methods used to prevent the spread of contagious animal diseases. Disinfection methods include spraying disinfectants, irradiating ultraviolet rays, and generating anions using photocatalysts; however, their effectiveness remains to be clarified. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to verify the pathogen-killing efficacy of the human body sterilizer and propose improvements. Experiments were conducted using a disinfectant spraying model and an ultraviolet single and ultraviolet-photocatalyst composite model. In the bactericidal experiment using Salmonella Typhimurium, the killing effect recorded in both hard and organic conditions did not exceed the standard value. The disinfectant spraying model showed a relatively high effect on the mannequin’s shoulders and arms. Meanwhile, in the virucidal experiment using low pathogenic avian influenza, the killing effect observed in both hard and organic conditions did not exceed the standard value, and no significant difference was observed between the models by site. Notably, the disinfectant spraying model showed a tendency to increase pathogen reduction with increasing exposure time in both bacterial and viral experiments. Human body sterilizer has limitations such as damage from drug exposure, short periods of physical exposure, and the lack of their own disinfection function. Given the current challenges in manufacturing an ideal human body sterilizer, supplementary measures should be implemented to prevent the spread of pathogens by farm entrants. These measures include efficiently utilizing shoe disinfectants, which are crucial in pathogen prevention, and providing disposable clothing.
Algunas observaciones sobre las actitudes hacia la lengua qom en Colonia Aborigen Chaco: un antes y un después del Juicio por la Verdad de la Masacre de Napalpí
Authors: Paredes Agustina
Published: December 2024

El propósito de este artículo es exponer las observaciones realizadas de las actitudes hacia la lengua qom en Colonia Aborigen Chaco, Argentina, anteriores y posteriores al Juicio por la Verdad de la Masacre de Napalpí (2022). A partir de estudios previos, hemos podido corroborar un evidente desplazamiento de la lengua indígena en favor del español y actitudes lingüísticas negativas vinculadas principalmente con la violencia, la prohibición, el miedo y el retroceso. Sin embargo, las mismas parecen revertirse y o modificarse luego de haberse declarado la Masacre de Napalpí como Crimen de lesa humanidad.
Towards Deep Learning in Online Courses: A Case Study in Cross-Pollinating Universal Design for Learning and Dialogic Teaching
Authors: Zhu Qiongli , Niyozov Sarfaroz
Published: December 2024

This article presents a case study of an online course that cross-pollinated Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and dialogic teaching to facilitate deep learning. Conceptualized through the UDL framework, dialogue and dialogic teaching, and deep learning, our analysis employs the methods of design-based research and thematic analysis to unpack the pedagogical cross-pollination in facilitating deep learning in a postgraduate course in a virtual setting. In particular, we examine the course goals, major online compositions, instruction and pedagogies, and assessment. We also explore student learning experiences in approaching deep learning by analyzing their postings in the discussion forums. Findings include multiple pedagogical strategies that fostered deep learning in this online course. This study contributes to the growing literature on online teaching and learning, particularly through cross-pollinating UDL and dialogic teaching to facilitate deep learning in higher education.
“An Intense Level of Self-regulation”: Technological Opportunities and Limitations of Online Intergroup Dialogue
Authors: Jackson Grant , Schiffecker Sarah , Poquet Oleksandra
Published: December 2024

Nationwide, postsecondary institutions are seeing the need and searching for ways to prepare their students for life in an increasingly complex and often polarized society. Since its development in the 1980s, intergroup dialogue (IGD) has become a nationally prominent social justice pedagogy that brings together small, diverse groups of college students to dialogue on topics related to diversity, equity, belonging, and social justice. Though IGD has traditionally been an in-person experience, the COVID-19 pandemic required colleges and universities to facilitate IGD online. Given this sudden and unprecedented transition to online delivery, as well the resulting possibility that IGD (along with other similar efforts) could become increasingly online going forward, it becomes important to discern the technological opportunities and limitations that come with such online delivery. In this study, we interviewed 16 college students who had participated in IGD via Zoom regarding their online IGD experience, illuminating a variety of opportunities and limitations related to students’ use of cameras, microphones, and the chat feature; the physical spaces in which students experienced their online IGD; the online display of students’ IGD peers; students’ engagement in multi-tasking during IGD sessions; students’ experiences of small group activities in “breakout rooms”; and how the online delivery of IGD promoted and constrained students’ sense of equity and equality throughout their IGD experience. Implications of these findings for IGD practice and future research are discussed.
Utilizing AI Chatbots in Higher Education Teaching and Learning
Authors: Campbell Laurie O. , Cox Thomas D
Published: December 2024

With the rapid societal emergence of generative artificial intelligence chatbots, calls for responsible use of AI permeate public voices. Higher education is no exception. The Diffusion of Innovation Theory seeks to explain how technologies like generative AI large language models are being adopted. Instructors are faced with addressing AI in instruction as the use of generative AI chatbots is accelerating. Further, instructors are seeking to understanding how generative AI can and currently is being utilized in teaching and learning. In this study, 25 graduate education learners discussed their current use and perceptions of AI chatbots. Most of these learners indicated they had utilized AI chatbots to support their personal and professional lives. Most learners indicated that they did not utilize generative AI for academic writing assignments but used it for other pursuits. Implications for teaching and learning include discussing with learners how, when, and if generative AI can be utilized in the classroom.
Application of needle electrodes in en bloc resection of single bladder tumor
Authors: Cheng Qiang , Jiang Bin , Tang Jinlu , Gao Wenfeng , Liu Yanqi , Gao Fan , Lu Yin , Feng Yi , Guo Bingyang , Zhao Xupeng , AI Qing , Li Hongzhao
Published: December 2024

Background: Transurethral resection of bladder tumor is associated with some limitations when used in the diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Objectives: This study explored the application of needle electrodes in the transurethral resection of single bladder tumor (SBT) and highlighted the advantages of en bloc resection of bladder tumors. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 79 patients with SBT treated at the Department of Urology, People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, from January to December 2023. Among the patients, 64 (81.0%) were male, and 15 (19.0%) were female, with a mean age of 62.6 years. Among the patients, 68 (86.1%) had primary tumors, 11 (13.9%) had recurrent tumors, and 2 (2.5%) had SBTs following upper urothelial carcinoma radical resection. All patients underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumors using needle electrodes. Results: All procedures were successfully completed. The mean operation time lasted 51.0 min, and the mean blood loss was 7.9 mL. The median tumor size was 2 cm. The obturator nerve block was employed in 22 (33.8%) cases. The incidence of obturator nerve reflex was 40.9% (9/22) and 23.3% (10/43) without (p = 0.139). Post-operative complications included bladder tamponade in one patient (1.3%). The accuracy of muscle invasion reporting was 89.9%. Three patients were lost to follow-up, and two patients (2.6%) suffered from recurrence at 6 months. The median follow-up time was 13 months. Conclusion: Needle electrode resection for SBTs was highly safe, had low complication rates, and offered accurate tumor staging, resulting in precise treatment and low postoperative recurrence.
EBEVEYNLERİ BOŞANMA SÜRECİNDE OLAN ÇOCUKLAR VE OKUL SOSYAL HİZMETİ (KURGULANMIŞ BİR VAKA ÖRNEĞİ ÜZERİNDEN)
Authors: Şen Cemil Bülent
Published: December 2024

Aile yaşam döngüsü içinde boşanmaların gerçekleştiği basamak büyük oranda çocukların okul dönemini kapsamaktadır. Bu süreçte çocuklar gerek akademik başarıda düşüş gerekse okul ortamına uyumsuzluk göstererek yaşadıkları sıkıntıları görünür kılmaktadırlar. Gelişmiş ülkelerde bu duruma okul sosyal hizmet uzmanları müdahale etmektedir. Türkiye’de okul sosyal hizmeti MEB okullarında bulunmamaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, bu konudaki eksikliği kurgulanmış bir vaka üzerinden ortaya çıkarmak ve okul sosyal hizmeti ihtiyacını görünür kılmaktır. Bu çalışmada boşanmanın çocuklara etkileri hakkında bilinmesi gerekenler, okul sosyal hizmeti ve çocuğun üstün yararı ile çocuğun iyilik halini savunan ve koruyan ilgili mevzuat, okul sosyal hizmeti kapsamında karşılaşılan ihtiyaç ve sorunun nedenleri ve sonuçları, okullarda sorunun yaygınlık ve risk durumu, sorun alanına yönelik öne çıkan kuram ve yaklaşımlar, okul sosyal hizmetinin mikro, mezzo ve makro müdahale düzeyinde ilgili sorun alanına yönelik yürütülebilecek çalışmalar ve öneriler, örnek vakaya ilişkin müdahale planı ve vaka özelinde yararlanılan kuram ve yaklaşımlar öne çıkarılmış ve örnek vaka çalışması kapsamında elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda öneriler yapılmıştır.
Smart solutions for overcoming anemia emergencies in young girls using Tricky Card Games Education Methods and Smartphone Monitoring Alert Systems
Authors: Ningtyias Farida Wahyu , Aryatika Karera , Irmayanti Selvi
Published: December 2024

Background: The government has made efforts in the prevention and management of anemia through the distribution of Iron Supplementation Tablets (IST) in schools. One of the problems facing by the government and schools is lack of periodic measurement of hemoglobin levels. Furthermore, there was no socialization source of iron comes from foods by schools.Materials and Methods : The aimed of this study is to increase adolescent knowledge about foods source of iron and also to monev government IST among adolescent. This research is a quasy experimental with a one group pretest-posttest design. Experimental study conducted at MTSN X Jember with a total of 30 female adolescent respondents who fused into one intervention group. Supplementation of IST (1 tablet per week) was provided for 8 weeks (November-December 2021). Improving knowledge among adolescent was measured using Tricky Card Games and pre-posttest questionnaires.  Hemoglobin levels were measured before and after the intervention, and monitoring and education were conducted as reminders for taking the tablets through the Monev IST application and a WhatsApp Group. Monitoring and evaluation of adolescent’s adherence for IST consumption using Monev Tablet Tambah Darah application which can download by each adolescent smartphone and also connected with supervisor.Results: The results showed an increase in hemoglobin levels after the treatment, with pre-treatment levels ranging from 9.1 g/dL to 16 g/dL, and an average of 13.53 g/dL, while post-treatment levels ranged from 8.1 g/dL to 17.2 g/dL, with an average of 13.67 g/dL. There was a significant increase in knowledge of foods source iron among adolescent (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in hemoglobin levels (p > 0.05) or consumption patterns (p > 0.05) after the intervention through the tricky card game.Conclusion: Giving IST regularly can increase Hb levels supported by improving knowledge and consumption patterns can be a solution to handling anemia in adolescent girls.Keywords : Anemia; counseling; level of knowledge; consumption patterns; young women
Anthropometric indices and physical activity in relation to premenstrual syndrome among female adolescents
Authors: Maulidiana Annisa Rizky , Qomariah Putri Nabila , Rahmawati Savitri Nur , Airin Airin , Nazifa Azzahra , Nurazizah Dumay Mutiara , Chrishargyantari Tirsa Dewanti , Ventiyaningsih Agustiana Dwi Indiah , Fahmi Ilmia
Published: December 2024

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a collection of symptoms that are usually experienced by female adolescent before the start of each menstrual cycle which can impact their social activities and concentration on studies. There are several factors that can influence the occurrence of PMS, such as nutritional status, body composition, and physical level.  Objectives: To explore the incidence of PMS among female adolescents and its correlation with anthropometric indices and physical activity in Malang City, IndonesiaMaterials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in August to November 2023. A total of 143 female second year students from three public high schools in Malang City was participated in this study. Weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and body fat percentage (BF%) were measured. Anthropometric indices including body mass index-for-age (BMI-for-age), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. PMS was measured using 10-item shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form(sPAF) and physical activity using Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescent (PAQ-A). Spearman test was used to evaluate the correlation between variables.Results: There were significant positive correlations among anthropometric indices. There was a positive correlation between PMS with BF%, WHR, and WHtR, however no correlation was found with BMI-for-age. PMS was inversely correlated with physical activity level.Conclusion: Anthropometric indices as predictor of obesity such as BF%, WHR, and WHtR was positively correlated with PMS while physical activity was negatively correlated with PMS. These findings suggest that changes toward healthy lifestyle, such as having regular physical activity and maintain a normal range of body composition and nutritional status are important to alleviate PMS symptoms in female adolescents.Keywords: Adolescent; anthropometric indices; body fat; physical activity; premenstrual syndrome
A Comparative Study of Porn Use Behavior in Public and Private Schools, Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Datu Angeline Dayatri Wulan , Mubarokah Kismi
Published: December 2024

Background: Pornography is one of the factors contributing to the decline in productivity among today's youth. Excessive pornography consumption is an issue among today's youngsters. The widespread consumption of pornography can lead to free sex in today's youth, as well as unplanned pregnancies. The purpose of this study is to compare attitudes, perceptions of behavior control, intentions, and actions related to online pornography consumption in adolescents attending public and private schools in Semarang City.Method: This study used a cross-sectional design with 1,844 stratified random samples. Secondary data from the website http://sehariku.dinus.ac.id comprised participants ranging from junior and senior high school (including vocational schools) to university students. The Mann-Whitney non-parametric test was employed to do a bivariate analysis and compare these variables between the two groups.Result: The findings revealed that the majority of respondents were women (55.4%), in early adolescence (50.6%), and lived with their parents (74.2%). Compared to private schools, public schools had better attitudes (mean rank 937.04), perceptions of behavior control (mean rank 950.37), intents (mean rank 932.73), and behavior (mean rank 927.26). However, no significant difference was found between attitude (p-value 0.129), conduct (p-value 0.584), and intention (p-value 0.288). Only the perceived behavior control variable differed substantially across public and private schools (p=0.004). In this regard, private and public schools are primarily comparable. Some private educational foundations must devise an effective method to increase students' perceived behavior control over pornography, at least to compete with public schools.
In Vivo induction and identification of heteroploids in ginger
Authors: Silpa S G , Sreekala G S , Deepa S Nair , Stephen R , Alex S , Suhara B S , Thomas B
Published: December 2024

Ginger, a commercially important spice, is propagated vegetatively and genetic variations among clones are limited. The study aimed to induce heteroploidy in ginger to create genetic variations that could potentially enhance production, improve quality and disease and insect resistance was undertaken at College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala. Eight superior ginger genotypes were selected and treated with colchicine (0.1%). In vivo induction using colchicine resulted in twenty suspected heteroploids. These genotypes were field planted and observed for morphologic, cytologic and yield characters. The morphological characters like plant height and number of leaves per plant were significantly higher in the treated genotypes compared to the control. The chromosome number counting revealed the plants T1S5, T5S1, T8S1 and T8S4 to be heteroploids with chromosome numbers 27, 68, 24 and 30 respectively. The histogram peak of the colchicine treated plants T1S5, T8S1 and T8S4 obtained in both channels 50 and 200, confirming heteroploidy. Among the four heteroploids developed, the heteroploid plant, T8S1 was found to be highly promising with respect to plant height, number of leaves plant-1, fresh rhizome yield plant-1 and dry rhizome yield per plant. The study suggested that induced heteroploidy in ginger plants using colchicine can lead to genetic variations with potentially beneficial traits for cultivation.
Exploring the market viability of hybrid maize seeds in Coimbatore and Tiruppur districts of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Dinesh P S , Rohini A , Balaji P , Anandhi V , Kavitha Shree G G
Published: December 2024

Maize is the third most important grain crop in India, following rice and wheat. It accounts for around 10% of total food grain production in the country. Maize consumption is mainly for animal feed, the food sector and industry. The main aim of the study was to assess the market potential for maize hybrid seeds in Coimbatore and Tiruppur districts of Tamil Nadu state. Two blocks and 3 villages from each block with 15 farmers in each village selected by random sampling method comprised the study sample of 180 farmers. The data was collected of the year 2022-23 and 2023-24. Results of the study revealed that the overall market potential for hybrid maize seeds was predicted to reach 1770 tonnes in 2023-2024 and 1903 tonnes in 2024-2025 which shows maize cultivation is going to increase in the future in these regions. The major sources of information about maize hybrid seeds to farmers are friends and relatives. The brand most preferred by farmers was NK7720 and they faced high seed prices as a major constraint. More promotional activities and schemes targeting maize production would improve the area and production in the study area leading to an increase in farmers. Friends and relatives were identified as the primary sources of information regarding maize hybrid seeds for farmers.
Extenuating mycotoxin contamination in spices: detection, regulatory frameworks and preventive strategies
Authors: Saravanan Vengadachalapathi O , Theradimani M , Paranidharan V , Kavitha Pushpam A , Mohamed Jassim J , Juliet Hepziba S , Kokila Devi E
Published: December 2024

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi, primarily from the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Alternaria. The attention is on the existence of mycotoxin compounds in food substances that jeopardize public health and it is directed to systematic regulation to overcome these issues. Pathogenic fungi, including Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium species, infiltrate spice crops during the pre-harvest, postharvest and storage stages. These fungi create toxic secondary metabolites called mycotoxin. The reviews' intend to examine the prevalence, types and levels of mycotoxins commonly found in spices, including aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and fumonisins. The study highlights the factors that influence mycotoxin contamination, such as environmental conditions, agricultural practices and storage methods. Analytical techniques for detecting mycotoxins, including chromatography and immunoassays, are evaluated for efficacy and sensitivity. It also discusses the regulatory frameworks and safety standards established by international bodies like the Codex Alimentarius Commission to mitigate mycotoxin risks. In addition to these regulatory measures, mycotoxin detection needs to be addressed before framing the standards. The preventive strategies and mitigation measures, including good agricultural practices (GAP), proper drying, storage conditions and biocontrol agents, were explored based on previous research conducted earlier. This comprehensive review underscores the critical importance of implementing integrated approaches combining advanced detection methods, harmonized regulatory standards and preventive strategies to ensure the safety and quality of spices in the global food supply chain.
Identification and evaluation of English accents by listeners with related native languages
Authors: Kralova Zdena , Nemcokova Katarina , Hrbackova Karla , Kral Samuel
Published: December 2024

This study explores the identification and evaluation of English accents by non-native English speakers, specifically Czech and Slovak undergraduate students majoring in English as a Foreign Language (EFL). The research aims to determine how these students perceive and rate ten English accents, including native and non-native varieties. Using questionnaires, the study examines the correlation between the ability to identify the speakers’ native language and the evaluation of their English pronunciation quality. The findings reveal that Czech and Slovak students generally share similar evaluations of English accents, with significant differences primarily in identifying and evaluating accents related to their native languages. This research contributes to understanding how related linguistic backgrounds influence the perception and judgment of English accents, providing insights for language teaching and accent training in EFL contexts.
Evaluating pluricultural and pluricultural awareness of pre-primary educators by means of language portraits
Authors: Rokita-Jaśkow Joanna , Król-Gierat Werona
Published: December 2024

Developing plurilingual and intercultural awareness is an essential aspect of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) teacher training programmes in countries like Poland, with its population becoming more diverse linguistically. Plurilingual and pluricultural awareness can aid teachers in teaching early foreign languages efficiently and in working with children from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. To achieve this goal, language portraits have been recognised as a useful tool in transformative and multilingual pedagogy (Coffey 2015; Hopp et.al. 2020; Lau 2016) as they help educators become more aware of their linguistic repertoires and how they can use them when working with young learners (Prasad 2020; Soares et al. 2021).This study analyses language repertoires of 75 pre-primary educators utilising the techniques of language portrait presented in the PEPELINO portfolio (Goullier et al. 2015). The content analysis of data indicates a vast repertoire of languages present in the teachers’ lives; however, they are significant only in the emotional dimension and less in the cognitive and communicative ones. This finding is interpreted as a result of a solid monolingual ideology rooted in the teachers, lack of plurilingual and pluricultural awareness and thus foreseeing difficulties in teaching a foreign language or in linguistically diverse classes. Guidelines for ECEC teacher education are provided.
An exploratory study of pilot EEG features during the climb and descent phases of flight
Authors: Ji Li , Yi Leiye , Li Haiwei , Han Wenjie , Zhang Ningning
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The actions and decisions of pilots are directly related to aviation safety. Therefore, understanding the neurological and cognitive processes of pilots during flight is essential. This study aims to investigate the EEG signals of pilots to understand the characteristic changes during the climb and descent stages of flight.

Methods

By performing wavelet packet decomposition on the EEG signals, we examined EEG maps during these critical phases and analyzed changes in signal intensity. To delve deeper, we calculated the log-transformed power of electroencephalograms to investigate the EEG responses under different flight conditions. Additionally, we conducted EEG spectral coherence analysis to evaluate the degree of synchronization between different electrodes during climb and descent.

Results

This analysis helps us understand the functional connectivity changes in various brain regions during these phases. Understanding these complex interactions is crucial, as it provides insights into the cognitive processes of pilots during the critical climb and descent stages of flight, contributing to enhanced aviation safety.

Conclusions

By identifying how brain activity fluctuates during these phases, we can better comprehend pilots’ decision-making processes, ultimately leading to the development of more effective training programs and safety protocols. This research underscores the importance of neurological studies in safety.
Applying multiple processes nonequilibrium model to investigate cesium transport in crushed granite
Authors: Shih Yu-Hung , Lee Chuan-Pin , Tien Neng-Chuan
Published: December 2024

Understanding the movement of radionuclides (RN) in the subsurface environment is of paramount importance, particularly when it comes to the planning and assessment of facilities devoted to the disposal of radioactive waste. Comprehensive mathematical models serve as indispensable tools in this regard, demanding a profound and thorough understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying radionuclide transport. The effective application of these models is contingent upon accurately determining the required input parameters. This is a critical aspect to consider given the inherent physical and chemical variations exhibited by the subsurface environment. These variations can induce significant effects on the movement of RNs below ground, potentially altering the predicted outcomes of radionuclide transport. This paper presents the findings of a comprehensive investigation that was conducted utilizing both advective-dispersive experiments (ADE) and multiple processes nonequilibrium (MPNE) inversion. These methodologies were employed using the advanced HYDRUS code, which is highly regarded in the field. The research specifically focuses on the transportation mechanisms of Cesium (Cs), a common radionuclide, in a medium of crushed granite. The study considers varying conditions, including different flow rates and column lengths, to provide a broad understanding of the behavior of Cs. The findings reveal that the transport behavior of Cs is not only influenced by the different flow rates and column lengths but is also significantly affected by the diffusive mass transfer and nonequilibrium sorption. These factors collectively contribute to our understanding of the complex processes involved in radionuclide transport.
The resource-making state: liquefied natural gas production networks and state strategies for domestic market development in Indonesia
Authors: Dodge Alexander Steven , Rye Ståle A.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we suggest that Global Production Network (GPN) scholars have yet to deal more substantively with how nation-states, often in alliance with firm actors, actively work to create markets for resources in global production networks. We argue in this paper that GPN scholars should be better attuned to both resource-making interventions and the governance of market development. Resource-making highlights the heterogeneity of the biophysical characteristics of physical entities which entails that certain natures are not readily made available as commodities in markets, but require specific infrastructures, technology, and organizational structures for commercialization. When private capital fails to create markets for resources on its own initiative, states may intervene by facilitating resource-making and governing market development through configurations of ownership, commodification, and risk allocation. In this paper, we explore how the relationship between resource-making and market governance shapes the possibilities and limitations for state strategies in global production networks. Our discussion in the paper is informed by an empirical case study of failed plans by the Indonesian government from 2016 to 2019 to draw upon public-private partnerships to create markets for LNG in the peripheral regions of the country. Despite Indonesia’s status as a globally significant LNG exporter, we find that the interorganizational structures and infrastructure needed to deliver natural gas to markets in peripheral regions contradict with the configurations of ownership, commodification, and risk allocation through which the Indonesian government has sought to realize state strategies, thus resulting in the underdevelopment of liquefied natural gas markets in Indonesia.
Determination of essential oil and phenolic compounds of Berberis vulgaris grown in Şavşat, Artvin; revealing its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Iskender Hatice , Ceylan Sule , Dokumacioglu Eda , Saral Sariyer Aysegul , Karagoz Ali , Akyildirim Begen Hayal
Published: December 2024

This study is to determine the antioxidant capacities, fatty acids and phenolic compounds, and antimicrobial activity in Berberis vulgaris. The antioxidant contents of the plants were determined using the CUPRAC, FRAP, and DPPH methods. The total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, the phenolic compound profile was analyzed by HPLC, and the antimicrobial activity was assessed using the liquid microdilution method. The total polyphenol content was found to be 27.65 ± 1.12 mg GAE/g sample in the fruit of the plant with the highest amount, while the total flavonoid content was 15.13 ± 0.92 mg quercetin/g sample in the leaf part of the plant with the highest amount. Chlorogenic acid was identified as the major component in the fruit and leaf of B. vulgaris with concentrations of 1,195.56 ppm and 1,113.46 ppm, respectively. Catechin was identified as the major component in the seed part with a concentration of 130.29 ppm. B. vulgaris is a valuable source of bioactive phytochemicals with high functional quality.
Characterization of Wood Cellular Structure of Plantation Grown Anogeissus leiocarpa and Eucalyptus camaldulensis in the Savannah Ecological Zone, Ghana
Authors: Tampori Enoch Gbapenuo , Bih Francis Kofi , Appiah-Kubi Emmanuel , Chakurah Issah , Donkoh Mark Bright , Awotwe-Mensah Michael
Published: December 2024

The decreasing availability of economic hardwood timber species throughout tropical countries has necessitated the need to adopt plantation grown exotic timber species into the mainstream of raw materials in the furniture and wood manufacturing industries. However, published research on the material properties of most of these exotic timber species grown in the Savannah Ecological Zone of Ghana is limited. The wood properties of these species when known could result in their optimal utilization and broad acceptance in the wood industries as an alternative for the extinct tropical timber species. This study determines the anatomical properties of plantation grown Anogeissus leiocarpa and Eucalyptus camaldulensis trees grown in the Savannah Ecological Zone of Ghana. Wood discs were obtained from three stem heights (butt, mid and top) from which cubes measuring 40 mm x 20 mm x 20 mm were produced for the microtome sections and macerated tissues, viewed under a microscope with Motic Image Plus software. Descriptions of wood anatomy followed IAWA's microscopic characteristics. It was observed that in the sapwood, there were more vessels than in heartwood, though the vessels were smaller in diameters, suggesting resistance to sap conduction which gives wood high aesthetic value and dimensional stability during drying. The species vessel diameter fell within the medium category and large vessels, demonstrating that wood will possess a greater mechanical strength since it will be denser, consequently possessing significant mechanical strength that can be compared favorably to other commercial timber species. This might be a major breakthrough in the production of quality and durable furniture as well as other wood products by using the exotic plantation grown timber species.
Human-induced vegetation change in the Turaida vicinity during the Iron Age and the medieval period
Authors: Gunnarssone Alise , Ceriņa Aija , Krēsliņa Sabīne , Skomorohovs Andrejs , Beketova Oļesja , Stivrins Normunds
Published: December 2024

A lack of detailed information on pollen from the Gauja River valley potentially limits the
strength of various reconstructions (vegetation composition, human impact, dominant agricultural
activities) for this territory. This study seeks to examine the human-induced changes on
vegetation, in particular with regard to the arrival of the Livs in the Turaida vicinity during the
Late Iron Age. Here, we present the first analyses of pollen data, macroscopic plant remains and
macroscopic charcoal undertaken in the lower Gauja River valley (territory inhabited by Gauja
Livs). The gathered sediment record, or the Roči bog, points to the appearance of the Livs in the
territory during the 10th century. Our results show an accelerating shift in the landscape from
dense forest coverage to inclusion of more open areas, which would be consistent with the clearing
of areas for cultivation.
The human-induced change resulted in a decrease in forest coverage, an increased presence of
cultivated plants and an acute intensification of fire-related events. The sediment record shows
that oat cultivation was dominant during the Late Iron Age and other crops (barley, wheat, rye)
came into sustained use only at the beginning of the medieval period. The sudden decline in all
cultivated crops (barley, oats, rye and wheat) in the mid-14th century could be due to sudden
environmental changes or to the Black Death, but as this data contradicts research from other
parts of Latvia, further study is advisable.
ASMENŲ SU REGOS NEGALIA Į(SI)TRAUKIMO Į SOCIALINĖS REABILITACIJOS PROGRAMAS PROBLEMA: SITUACIJA IR GALIMYBĖ
Authors: Civinskas Remigijus , Dvorak Jaroslav , Vilkas Darius
Published: December 2024

There is a wide range of rehabilitation programmes for the blind and visually impaired in Western countries, but these vary greatly in content and application, and no single ‘gold standard’ has been established, despite attempts to set such standards. In Lithuania, the policy for rehabilitation services for the blind and visually impaired began to be implemented in 2017. A qualitative research approach was chosen to determine the need for services and project activities for the blind and visually impaired, and to identify implementation shortcomings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five blind or visually impaired people and four of their family members. The results of the research revealed that the blind and visually impaired faced complex psychological and social problems before participating in the social rehabilitation programme for the blind. It was found that there is a lack of coordination in the transmission of information between health-care institutions, municipal social institutions and NGOs. Patients are forced to seek information on their own, which reduces accessibility, acceptability, and the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions. Many of the research participants received services quite late, and, according to the informants, the social rehabilitation programme for the blind had quality shortcomings.
SOCIALINIO DARBUOTOJO KOMPETENCIJŲ TOBULINIMAS, SIEKIANT DIDESNIO SOCIALINIO DALYVAVIMO ŽMONĖMS, GRĮŽTANTIEMS IŠ LAISVĖS ATĖMIMO ĮSTAIGOS
Authors: Jackaitė Sandra , Kreivinienė Brigita
Published: December 2024

A social worker’s individual work with the client, empowerment and leadership as the professionalisation of social work are analysed in the research article. This area of social work activity has become especially relevant in recent years, due to the new functions that have been taken over: the empowerment of clients who come out of prison. The article emphasises the change in the relationship between the social worker and the client, as well as the need for diverse methods of social work and the search for innovative solutions. The social worker’s activity in the community, and the change of attitudes while presenting a positive image of the client to achieve greater social participation, are reviewed in the article. The results of the qualitative study are presented with the content analysis method. The aim of the study was to bring to light the most essential competencies for social workers which allow them to achieve the greatest social participation results for people coming out of prison. In total, nine social workers who work directly with clients after prison took part in the qualitative study. The findings of the research revealed that social workers are in need of broadening their competencies. The most important qualities mentioned by social workers in competencies were: empathy, communication, and motivation. They tend to be the most essential factors determining social workers’ possibilities to construct the social support and better integration of clients into society. The study also revealed that social workers need continuous improvement, participation in training, and the use of various methods and programmes, in order to implement their new functions effectively.
Estratégias de divulgação para o curso de Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal de Pelotas
Authors: Dos Santos Rocha Luan Henrique , Peglow Holz Catiane , Alcântara Huckembeck Estevan , Dos Santos Tedesco Guilherme , Silveira Quadro Maurizio
Published: December 2024

O curso de Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal de pelotas, criado em 1972, é fundamental para o agronegócio brasileiro, mas enfrenta baixa adesão de novos estudantes devido à falta de informações claras sobre a profissão. Para mudar esse cenário, o projeto "Divulgação do Curso", do Programa de Educação e Tutorial do curso de Engenharia agrícola, promove apresentações em escolas, destacando inovações tecnológicas e práticas sustentáveis. Utilizando o Canva para criar materiais e questionários para captar opiniões, a iniciativa avalia a eficácia das ações, reforçando a importância do engenheiro agrícola
O impacto do manejo conservacionista na entrelinha do cafeeiro nos indicadores físicos do solo no curto prazo
Authors: Ghinzelli Vedana Nicole , Da Silva Paiva Amanda Beatriz , Guedes Filho Osvaldo , Bachin Mazzini Guedes Renata
Published: December 2024

O manejo conservacionista do solo é essencial para a produtividade e qualidade do café, que, por ser uma cultura perene, requer um controle equilibrado. O sistema radicular profundo do café facilita a absorção de água e nutrientes, enquanto gramíneas forrageiras contribuem para a melhoria da estrutura e disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo. Este estudo avaliou indicadores físicos do solo e sua resistência à penetração. O tratamento limpo (sem a presença de vegetação) apresentou maior resistência e compactação, indicando que alta densidade e baixa umidade prejudicam o desenvolvimento radicular. Por outro lado, os tratamentos com Milheto e Urochloa brizantha cv. Braúna proporcionaram melhor qualidade física do solo, conforme os indicadores analisados.
A Shift Toward Supercritical Brain Dynamics Predicts Alzheimer’s Disease Progression
Authors: Javed Ehtasham , Suárez-Méndez Isabel , Susi Gianluca , Román Juan Verdejo , Palva J Matias , Maestú Fernando , Palva Satu
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia with continuum of disease progression of increasing severity from subjective cognitive decline (SCD) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and lastly to AD. The transition from MCI to AD has been linked to brain hypersynchronization, but the underlying mechanisms leading to this are unknown. Here, we hypothesized that excessive excitation in AD disease progression would shift brain dynamics toward supercriticality across an extended regime of critical-like dynamics. In this framework, healthy brain activity during aging preserves operation at near the critical phase transition at balanced excitation–inhibition (E/I). To test this hypothesis, we used source-reconstructed resting-state MEG data from a cross-sectional cohort (
N
 = 343) of individuals with SCD, MCI, and healthy controls (HC) as well as from a longitudinal cohort (
N
 = 45) of MCI patients. We then assessed brain criticality by quantifying long-range temporal correlations (LRTCs) and functional EI (fE/I) of neuronal oscillations. LRTCs were attenuated in SCD in spectrally and anatomically constrained regions while this breakdown was progressively more widespread in MC. In parallel, fE/I was increased in the MCI but not in the SC cohort. Both observations also predicted the disease progression in the longitudinal cohort. Finally, using machine learning trained on functional (LRTCs, fE/I) and structural (MTL volumes) features, we show that LRTCs and f/EI are the most informative features for accurate classification of individuals with SCD while structural changes accurate classify the individuals with MCI. These findings establish that a shift toward supercritical brain dynamics reflects early AD disease progression.