bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Femoral Nerve Block Versus Intravenous Nalbuphine in Positioning of Patients with Intertrochanteric Fractures for Spinal Anaesthesia: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Pradhan Amit , Panda Amrita , Doppalapudi Pragna
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Femoral fracture is a common entity in all age groups. It is more common in elderly, and is a painful condition. Various modalities like peripheral nerve blocks, intravenous opioids can mitigate the pain associated with it which is deterrent to ideal patient positioning for spinal anaesthesia. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of Femoral Nerve Block (FNB) versus Intravenous Nalbuphine (IVN) in positioning of patients with intertrochanteric fracture for spinal anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: A randomised clinical study was conducted in 70 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II, with intertrochanteric fractures posted for surgery under Subarachnoid block. Group IVN received intravenous Nalbuphine at dose of 0.1 mg/kg, and Group FNB received femoral nerve block with 20 mL of 0.2% Ropivacaine 15 minutes, prior to positioning of patients for Subarachnoid block. The ease of patient positioning was assessed by the pain relief observed during positioning for spinal anaesthesia, and by means of anesthesiologist satisfaction score. Time taken to position the patients during spinal anesthesia, and patient satisfaction scores were also measured. Independent ‘t’ test and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for the analysis. Results: The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score achieved during positioning of patients for subarachnoid block was significantly better in FNB (3.87±0.99), as compared to IVN (5.09 ±1.23). No significant differences were observed between both the groups regarding anesthesiologist’s satisfaction score, (p=0.11). Time taken for positioning of patients for spinal anaesthesia in seconds (p=0.69), and patient satisfaction score (p=0.08) were also comparable between both groups of patients. Conclusion: FNB is more effective for positioning of patients of intertrochanteric fractures for spinal anaesthesia. Although either of the techniques can be adopted for improving patient care, FNB may have an edge over IVN.
Evaluation of Biochemical Properties of Traditional Rice Varieties of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Jalapathi E. , Jerlin R. , Raja K. , Raveendran M. , Thiruvengadam V.
Published: May 2022

Rice is a reliable dietary source in most of the underdeveloped nations, where the majority of people are deficient in minerals and vitamins. Hence, it is necessary to focus on the development of nutrient rich rice for value addition in order to alleviate malnutrition. Dietary fibre, minerals, carotenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols are abundant in traditional rice cultivars and consumption of these traditional rice cultivars, on the other hand, benefits human health. Now-a-days, traditional rice varieties are gaining importance and it is cultivated by a large number of farmers. These varieties play a major role in the history of crop improvement and seed production. Hence, an experiment has been conducted to analyse the bio chemical properties viz.,a-amylase activity, dehydrogenase activity and total phenol content in sixteen traditional rice varieties viz., Mappillai samba, Kichadi samba, Vellaikavuni, Rajamannar, Sembuli samba, Kattuyanam, Karunkuruvai, Norungan, Poongar, Kuzhiyadichan, Chithiraikar, Paalthondi, Maranel, Salem sanna, Kallurundai kar and Illuppai poo samba which were collected from the gene pool of Department of Plant Genetic Resource, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Among the varieties tested, the maximum a-amylase activity and dehydrogenase activity were recorded by Sembuli samba (4.88 mg maltose min-1), Poongar (3.40 mg maltose min-1), Maranel (3.40 mg maltose min-1) and Maranel (0.609), Salem sanna (0.596), Vellaikavuni (0.562), Karunkuruvai (0.522), respectively. The total phenol content was maximum in Sembuli samba (45.36 mg/100g), Kattuyanam (42.34 mg/100g), Mappillai samba (38.84 mg/100g) and Kallurundai kar (38.24 mg/100g). Among the sixteen traditional varieties, Sembuli samba, Kattuyanam, Mappillai samba and Kallurundai kar have the high secondary metabolites with improved seed quality. The results of this experiment revealed that the above traditional rice varieties have to be conserved its precious genome information due to their superior performance of a-amylase activity and dehydrogenase activity as well as maximum phenol content.
Response of African Basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.) to Salt Stress under Tropical Conditions in the Republic of Benin: Growth, Ions and Organic Solutes Accumulation
Authors: Loko Belvida , Montcho Koffi David Hambada , Agbossékpé Fernandine , Mensah Armel Clément Goudjo , Komlan Françoise Assogba , Lutts Stanley , Gandonou Christophe Bernard
Published: May 2022

Aims: This research aims at evaluating the effect of salt stress on plant growth, Na+, K+, proline and soluble sugars contents in leaves and roots of local cultivar of African basil in Republic of Benin.

Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) having five treatments and three replications.

Place and duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in screening house under natural conditions at the Center of Agricultural Research of Agonkanmey, Commune of Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin from January to February, 2020.

Methodology: Five salt concentrations (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mM) were used to irrigate three weeks old plants for two weeks. After two weeks, plant growth, sodium (Na) and potassium (K), proline, and soluble sugars contents of leaves and roots were determined.

Results: Salt stress induced a significant reduction (p = .05) in shoot growth from 60 mM NaCl but had no impact on the number of leaves and shoot water content. Root growth was significantly reduced (p = .05) already at 30 mM NaCl. Leaf and roots Na+, proline and soluble sugars contents significantly increased (p = .05) under salt stress whereas K+ content decreased significantly (p = .05) only in root.

Conclusion: Salt stress reduces the growth of African basil plants due mainly to Na+ ion toxicity. The ionic selectivity ratio (K+/Na+) rather than the K+ ion content plays an important role in the response of basil plants to salt stress, while both proline and soluble sugars accumulation may contribute to osmotic adjustment.
Influence of Bio-fertilizers and Potassium Levels on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: Gayethri Gowriraja , Umesha C. , Keerthi Bodapati , Gowthami Sompalli , Rachel S Cynthia
Published: May 2022

A research study was carried out at Crop Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj, for the duration of Kharif 2021 (U.P). The topsoil of the experimental area was sandy clay loam, nearly fair and balanced in soil properties (pH 7.1), low in organic material (0.36 %), obtainable N (171.48 kg/ha), obtainable P (15.2 kg/ha), and obtainable K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment has been conducted in Randomized Block Design, as well as the 10 treatment options replicated three times over a period of a year. The treatments which are T1: Azospirillum 25g/kg + Potassium 30kg/ha, T2: Azospirillum 25g/kg + Potassium 40 kg/ha, T3: Azospirillum 25g/kg + Potassium 50kg/ha, T4: Azotobacter 25g/kg + Potassium 30kg/ha, T5: Azotobacter 25g/kg + Potassium 40kg/ha, T6: Azotobacter 25g/kg + Potassium 50kg/ha, T7: Azospirillum + Azotobacter 25g/kg + Potassium 30kg/ha, T8: Azospirillum + Azotobacter 25 g/kg + Potassium 40kg/ha, T9: Azospirillum + Azotobacter 25g/kg + Potassium 50kg/ha and T10: Control are used. The application of Azospirillum + Azotobacter 25 g/kg + Potassium 50 kg/ha resulted in significantly higher plant height (150.25 cm), number of leaves/plant (12.65), plant dry weight (17.19 g/plant), number of ears/hill (2.60), number of grains/ear (2420.73), test weight (9.45 g), grain yield (3.16 t/ha), straw yield (7.57 t/ha). Harvest index (29.40), gross returns(Rs.79,000/ha), net returns(Rs.48,878.20/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.62) as compared to other treatments.
Characterization of Orthogonal Projectors
Authors: Simiyu Achiles Nyongesa , Shilaviga Alwanyi Kevin , Fanuel Olege
Published: May 2022

Let H be a Hilbert space and M be a closed linear subspace of H. Then by projection theorem H = M ⊕ M ⊥ . This theorem suggests that the result has something to do about a notion in Hilbert spaces which is analogous to and a generalization of the familiar idea of Orthogonal or perpendicular projection of a vector in R2 or R3 upon a linear subspace of R2 or R3 respectively. In this paper we give a complete operator characterization of orthogonal projections.Specifically we show that P is an orthogonal projector onto RP = M if and only if P is self-adjoint and idempotent. We also consider the algebraic formulation of invariance, reduction, orthocomplementation and orthogonality.
Socio Behavioral Factors Associated with Nocturnal Enuresis among Primary School Children in Abo Homous, Elbehira, Egypt
Authors: Elazzazy Sahar Abd-elazziz Hamed , Abdo Sanaa Abd El-fatah Mostafa , Ayad Khalil Mohamed Abbas , Atlam Samir Abd-elmageed
Published: May 2022

Background: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is intermittent urinary incontinence during sleep at children aged five years old or more after exclusion of organic diseases. NE has a negative impact on life quality of children and their families. The aim of this work was to find out the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and its socio-behavioral risk factors among primary school children in Abo Homous, Elbehira, Egypt.

Methods: This cross sectional study was carried-out in Abo Homos, Elbehira governorate. It included (106) primary schools with total number of (65,045) students distributed over 52 urban and 54 rural schools. Data were collected via a predesigned self-administered questionnaire sheet; part 1: Questions related to students as [Age, gender, demographic and student characteristics, student’s diseases], part 2 [Questions to assess familial factors] and part 3 [Question to assess criteria of NE in the studied population].

Results: The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was 13.9%. Nocturnal enuresis was observed more in younger age groups of 6 and 7 years 23.2% & 21.2% respectively. There was no statistically significant association as regard age, gender or residence. Urinary tract infection, constipation, and caffeine beverages consumption significantly associated with NE. Family history of NE was positive in 29.1% of cases. Deep sleep and exposure to school or home (problems/violence) related significantly with occurrence of NE. Level of education and work status of parents, number of persons per room, and socioeconomic status significantly associated with occurrence of NE.

Conclusions: Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis is significantly associated with younger age, urinary tract infection, constipation, and caffeine beverages consumption, deep sleep, exposure to school or home (problems/violence), level of education and work status of parents, number of persons per room, and socioeconomic status.
Nanopatterning Technologies of 2D Materials for Integrated Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Liu Shenghong , Wang Jing , Shao Jiefan , Ouyang Decai , Zhang Wenjing , Liu Shiyuan , Li Yuan , Zhai Tianyou
Published: May 2022

With the reduction of feature size and increase of integration density, traditional 3D semiconductors are unable to meet the future requirements of chip integration. The current semiconductor fabrication technologies are approaching their physical limits based on Moore's law. 2D materials such as graphene, transitional metal dichalcogenides, etc., are of great promise for future memory, logic, and photonic devices due to their unique and excellent properties. To prompt 2D materials and devices from the laboratory research stage to the industrial integrated circuit‐level, it is necessary to develop advanced nanopatterning methods to obtain high‐quality, wafer‐scale, and patterned 2D products. Herein, the recent development of nanopatterning technologies, particularly toward realizing large‐scale practical application of 2D materials is reviewed. Based on the technological progress, the unique requirement and advances of the 2D integration process for logic, memory, and optoelectronic devices are further summarized. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of nanopatterning technologies of 2D materials for future integrated chip devices are prospected.
A Doped Hole Transport Layer Qualified for 100 °C‐Tolerant Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xie Xinrui , He Lifei , Cai Yaohang , Zhang Bing , Ren Ming , Zhang Yuyan , Li Tianyu , Yuan Yi , Zhang Jing , Wang Peng
Published: May 2022

Due to the extremely low intrinsic carrier density and disordered nature of organic semiconductor thin films, unintentional or intentional chemical doping is inevitable for sufficiently high carrier density and charge mobility unless charges are either injected from appropriate electrodes or by photoexcitation. However, doping often results in a reduction in thermal tolerance. The charge transport layers for thermostable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) need to possess a heat‐resistant morphology and to suppress the diffusion of volatile species. Here the authors report a molecular semiconductor with a molecular mass of >2000 Daltons but free of any flexible side chains. Its air‐doped composite with thermally stable acid salt exhibits an electrical conductivity of over 50 μS cm−1 and a glass transition temperature of 142 °C. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that molecules and ions in this composite do not experience significant translational motion even at 150 °C. These unusual features allow for the fabrication of 21.5%‐efficiency PSCs that can withstand 200 h at 100 °C.
Thermal‐stable asymmetric α‐diimine nickel(II) catalysts: Synthesis, characterization, and its norbornene (co)polymerization behavior
Authors: Wu Jia‐Jun , Deng Bo , Hou Jia‐Hong , Huang Xin‐Yue , Tang Hui‐Yi , Wang Kai‐Ti
Published: May 2022

Four asymmetric α‐diimine dibromide nickel(II) complexes bearing both 2,6‐diisopropyl phenyl and substituted triphenyl {[(C3H7)2C6H3NC(C10H6)CN(R2C6H3)2C6H3]NiBr2, R = CH3,Catal.1; CF3,Catal.2; OCH3,Catal.3; C6H5,Catal.4} were synthesized and characterized. In the presence of B(C6F5)3, these newly synthesized nickel complexes showed high activities toward norbornene (NBE) homopolymerization (0.84–4.88 × 105 gpolymer/molNi‧h) under elevated temperatures, yielding high molecular weight polymers (106.5–657.9 kDa). These Ni/B catalytic systems also efficiently promoted the copolymerization of NBE withn‐butyl methacrylate (n‐BMA) and di(n‐butyl) itaconate (n‐DBI) under 70°C, respectively, affording copolymers with high molecular weight (n‐BMA: 95.0–235 kDa;n‐DBI:35.4–52.5 kDa) and moderate polar monomer incorporations (n‐BMA:1.2–6.4 mol%;n‐DBI:0.8–2.8 mol%). The copolymers with polar groups showed improved solubilities. The unimodal molecular weight distribution of the resultant polymers implied the single‐site catalytic behavior of these nickel catalysts toward NBE (co)polymerization. In addition, both the obtained PNB and the copolymers showed high glass transition temperature (289–345°C) and excellent thermal stability.
Targeted synthesis of two iron(III) tetradentate dibasic chelating Schiff base complexes toward inhibition of acidic induced steel corrosion: Empirical and DFT insights
Authors: Abd El‐Lateef Hany M. , Mohamad Ahmad Desoky M. , Shehata Mohamed R. , Abu‐Dief Ahmed M.
Published: May 2022

Two new azomethine chelates for Fe3+ ions were prepared from two dibasic tetradentate chelating imine ligands. The studied Schiff base ligands were 2,2′‐((1E,1′E)‐((4‐nitro‐1,2‐phenylene)bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(4‐bromophenol) (NABS) and 2,2′‐((1E,1′E)‐((4,5‐dimethyl‐1,2‐phenylene)bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(4‐bromophenol) (MABS). Alternative spectral and physicochemical tools such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), C13 NMR, 1H NMR, and CHN analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), molecular electronic spectra, and magnetic susceptibility measurements were applied to inspect the structural composition of the compounds under investigation. In addition, the DFT approach was used to optimize the geometry of all compounds in order to get ideal structures and important characteristics. The synthesized compounds examined as an anticorrosive films of C‐steel in acidic chloride medium utilizing theoretical and electrochemical studies such electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and potentiodynamic anodic polarization curve (PAP) approaches. The inhibition efficiency augmented with the increasing of the inhibitor dose. The prepared Schiff bases and their iron complexes exhibited protection capacity around 96.8% in the presence of 0.5 mmol L−1. PDP outcomes approve the additive molecules act as mixed inhibitors. The Langmuir model is followed by Schiff bases and their iron complexes as it is contains both chemical and physical adsorption on the metal interface. The surface morphology of the substrate (in blank and inhibited systems) was scanned using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). A good agreement among experimental techniques and corresponding density functional theory (DFT) results was found, which confirmed the purity of the studied compounds and suggested octahedral geometry around Fe(III) ions in both MABSFe and NABSFe complexes.
Magnetic Fe3O4/polypyrrole‐salicylaldehyde composite for efficient removal of Mn (VII) from aqueous solution by double‐layer adsorption
Authors: Wang Wenjiao , Ren Jiajia , Wang Chuanjin , Zheng Mingming , Ma Yong , Yin Xunqian , Ding Jianxu , Hou Chunping , Li Tingxi
Published: May 2022

Fe3O4 acted as the inner core, conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy) was wrapped on the surface of Fe3O4, and salicylaldehyde (SA) was grafted to prepare the Fe3O4/PPy‐SA composite. Fe3O4/PPy‐SA exhibited double adsorption properties for Manganese (Mn) (VII) from aqueous solution. And the adsorption properties were systematically investigated. The influences of pH, initial metal ion concentration and temperature on the adsorption performance were measured, showing that the optimal adsorption pH is 2. Moreover, it was found that the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo second order model, the initial adsorption rate was 46.1467 mg/g/min, and the process was controlled by the liquid film diffusion. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model could describe the adsorption process well, and the increase of metal ion concentration and temperature was beneficial to the adsorption process. At 288.15 K, the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity was 471.6981 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy increment. Meanwhile, the cycle test results showed that the adsorbent has good cycle performance and broad application prospects.
Optimization of the esterification reaction of free fatty acids present in waste salmon oil
Authors: Marchetti Jorge Mario
Published: May 2022

Biodiesel is gaining importance as a substitute for diesel with special focus on the transportation sector due to its advantages over petroleum‐based alternatives. Waste fish oil was used as a feedstock for this study, and an acid pre‐esterification process was examined. The effects of three main variables on the biodiesel yield were studied and their combined effects were investigated. Temperature, molar ratio, and catalysts were varied and the remaining parameters were kept constant. A quadratic model was found to fit the experimental data best, with a regression coefficient of 0.82. An increase in the reaction temperature led to an increase in the reaction yield. However, this increase became considerably weaker after 323 K. The reactant molar ratio and the catalysts amount had a similar tendency within the domain under consideration – the product yield increased for all operational conditions evaluated. It was found that the optimal predict yield was 96.29% for a reaction temperature of 325.53 K, a molar ratio of 8.37, and 3.93 wt% of catalyst. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Longibrachiamide A, a 20‐Residue Peptaibol Isolated from Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai DMG‐3‐1‐1
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Hua , Yue Xian‐Lin , Zhao Xue , Tang Jing , Yang Yu , Xu Rui , Ma Hao , Zhu Shuai‐Ming , Luo Fu‐Yao , Zhang Qin , Zhang Guo‐Gang , Li Chang‐Wei
Published: May 2022

Longibrachiamide A (1), a new 20‐residue peptaibol, along with three known ones (2–4), were isolated from the fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai DMG‐3‐1‐1, isolated from a mushroom Clitocybe nebularis (Batsch) P. Kumm, which was collected from coniferous forest of northeast China in our previous work. The structure of longibrachiamide A (1) was determined by its NMR and ESI‐MS/MS data, the absolute configuration of 1 was further determined by Marfey's analyses. And the complete NMR data of 2–4 were also reported for the first time. The similar CD spectra of 1–4 showed that they all had mixed 310‐/α‐helical conformations. Compounds 1–4 showed strong cytotoxicities against BV2, A549 and MCF‐7 cells, and also showed moderate inhibitory effects against the tested Gram‐positive bacteria, including MRSA T144 and VRE‐10.
Physico‐Chemical Properties and Principal Component Analysis of Biobased Thermosets Developed with Different Batches of Industrial Humins
Authors: Dinu Roxana , Gaysinski Marc , de Jong Ed , Mija Alice
Published: May 2022

Humins have already shown their potential as thermosetting resins to produce crosslinked networks and composites, with a large variety of properties depending on the used macromolecular approach. Our group has shown that a very interesting class of materials with tunable flexibility can be made by humins co‐polymerization with glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE). To create a clearer picture on structure‐reactivity‐properties‐application interdependent relationship, a principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on several humins batches. The PCA allowed to obtain a clear discrimination between the humins/GDE resins samples in 3 groups which correlate very well with the results of copolymerization reactivity (DSC) and thermosets properties: crosslink density, thermal stability, tan δ, Shore D hardness values, etc.
Diversification of circulating and tumor‐infiltrating plasmacytoid DCs towards the P3 (CD80+ PDL1−)‐pDC subset negatively correlated with clinical outcomes in melanoma patients
Authors: Sosa Cuevas Eleonora , Bendriss‐Vermare Nathalie , Mouret Stephane , De Fraipont Florence , Charles Julie , Valladeau‐Guilemond Jenny , Chaperot Laurence , Aspord Caroline
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) play a critical yet enigmatic role in antitumor immunity through their pleiotropic immunomodulatory functions. Despite proof of pDC diversity in several physiological or pathological contexts, pDCs have been studied as a whole population so far in cancer. The assessment of individual pDC subsets is needed to fully grasp their involvement in cancer immunity, especially in melanoma where pDC subsets are largely unknown and remain to be uncovered.

Methods

We explored for the first time the features of diverse circulating and tumor‐infiltrating pDC subsets in melanoma patients using multi‐parametric flow cytometry, and assessed their clinical relevance. Based on CD80, PDL1, CD2, LAG3 and Axl markers, we provided an integrated overview of the frequency, basal activation status and functional features of pDC subsets in melanoma patients together with their relationship to clinical outcome.

Results

Strikingly, we demonstrated that P3‐pDCs (CD80+PDL1−) accumulated within the tumor of melanoma patients and negatively correlated with clinical outcomes. The basal activation status, diversification towards P1‐/P2‐/P3‐pDCs and functionality of several pDC subsets upon TLR7/TLR9 triggering were perturbed in melanoma patients, and were differentially linked to clinical outcome.

Conclusion

Our study shed light for the first time on the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of pDCs in the blood and tumor of melanoma patients and their potential involvement in shaping clinical outcomes. Such novelty brightens our understanding of pDC complexity, and prompts the further deciphering of pDCs’ features to better apprehend and exploit these potent immune players. It highlights the importance of considering pDC diversity when developing pDC‐based therapeutic strategies to ensure optimal clinical success.
The mediating role of self‐criticism, experiential avoidance and negative urgency on the relationship between ED‐related symptoms and difficulties in emotion regulation
Authors: Rodrigues Tânia F. , Ramos Rita , Vaz Ana Rita , Brandão Isabel Marques , Fernandez‐Aranda Fernando , Machado Paulo P. P.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Difficulties in emotion regulation are thought to play a transdiagnostic role across eating disorders (ED). In the current study, we explored with a path analysis the mediating role of self‐criticism, experiential avoidance and negative urgency on the relationship between ED‐related symptoms and dimensions of difficulties in emotion regulation.

Method

Participants were 103 female outpatients recruited at a Portuguese ED hospital unit, diagnosed with an ED, aged 14–60 years old (M = 28.0, SD = 10.5), body mass index (BMI) ranging from 11.72 to 39.44 (M = 20.1, SD = 5.4).

Results

The path analysis resulted in a model with an adequate fit to the data (SRMR = 0.05; RMSEA = 0.07 [0.00, 0.12], PCLOSE = 0.269; TLI = 0.97; IFI = 0.99; GFI = 0.95). A final model in which the relationship between ED‐related symptoms and dimensions of difficulties in emotion regulation was mediated by self‐criticism, experiential avoidance and negative urgency, accounted for a variance of 71% for strategies, 57% for non‐acceptance, 62% for impulses, 56% for goals and 20% for clarity.

Conclusion

Results suggest that self‐criticism, experiential avoidance and negative urgency, combined, are relevant in the relationship between ED‐related symptoms and difficulties in emotion regulation. ED treatment and emotion regulation skills may be enhanced through the inclusion of specific components that target self‐criticism, experiential avoidance and negative urgency, as they become prominent during the therapeutic process.
Can Chemical Toxicity in Saltwater Be Predicted from Toxicity in Freshwater? A Comprehensive Evaluation Using Species Sensitivity Distributions
Authors: Yanagihara Miina , Hiki Kyoshiro , Iwasaki Yuichi
Published: May 2022

Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) play an important role in ecological risk assessment. Estimating SSDs requires toxicity data for many species, but reports on saltwater species are often limited compared to freshwater species. This limitation can constrain informed management of saltwater quality for the protection of marine ecosystems. We investigated the relationships between the parameters (i.e., mean and standard deviation [SD]) of freshwater and saltwater log-normal SSDs to determine how accurately saltwater toxicity could be estimated from freshwater toxicity test data. We estimated freshwater and saltwater SSDs for 104 chemicals with reported acute toxicity data for five or more species and compared their means, SDs, and hazardous concentrations for 5% of the species (HC5) derived from the acute SSDs. Standard major axis regression analyses generally showed that log–log relationships between freshwater and saltwater SSD means, SDs, and HC5 values were nearly 1:1. In addition, the ratios of freshwater-to-saltwater SSD means and HC5 values for most of the 104 chemicals fell within the range 0.1–10. Although such a strong correlation was not observed for SSD SDs (r2 < 0.5), differences between freshwater and saltwater SSD SDs were relatively small. These results indicate that saltwater acute SSDs can be reasonably estimated using freshwater acute SSDs. Because the differences of the means and SDs between freshwater and saltwater SSDs were larger when the number of test species used for SSD estimation was lower (i.e., five to seven species in the present study), obtaining toxicity data for an adequate number of species will be key to better approximation of a saltwater acute SSD from a freshwater acute SSD for a given chemical. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2021–2027. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

Abstract

Prediction of saltwater species sensitivity distribution (SSD) from freshwater SSD.
i‐WABA: An efficient wavelengths arrangement and bandwidth allocationWDMAprotocol for passive optical intra‐rack data center networks
Authors: Baziana P. A.
Published: May 2022

In this article, we effectively handle the continuously growing traffic within data centers (DCs) and we focus on the intra‐rack communication. We propose a passive optical intra‐rack DC network (DCN) that uses a set of wavelengths for the data intra‐rack communication and a separate control wavelength for pre‐transmission coordination. We introduce a distributed access control scheme, named intra‐rack wavelengths arrangement and bandwidth allocation (i‐WABA) protocol, to effectively arrange the data wavelengths into groups and efficiently allocate them among the servers for transmission, avoiding synchronization complexity. The proposed i‐WABA protocol ensures the collisions‐free transmission over the data wavelengths and at destination achieving high performance, scalability, and reliability. In opposition to the majority of the state‐of‐the‐art intra‐rack MAC protocols that adopt synchronous transmission requiring strict time compliance, the proposed i‐WABA protocol is unslotted providing simple and reliable access control even under high data rates. Moreover, unlike other studies that assume that the control communication is performed over an Ethernet link, the proposed intra‐rack DCN considers that it is performed in the optical domain, ensuring its effective parallel operation to the data communication. The throughput improvement is extensively studied and it is proven to be an increasing function of the number of data wavelengths groups. Finally, the proposed intra‐rack DCN along with the proposed i‐WABA protocol is compared with other state‐of‐the‐art intra‐rack DCNs in terms of throughput, power consumption, and cost, while it is proven to be a performance, energy, and cost efficient DCN solution.
Soluble factors and suppressive monocytes can predict early development of sepsis in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Yadav Pushpa , Trehanpati Nirupama , Maiwall Rakhi , Sehgal Rashi , Singh Ravinder , Islam Mojahidul , Jagdish Rakesh Kumar , Vijayaraghavan Rajan , Maheshwari Deepanshu , Bhat Sadam , Kale Pratibha , Kumar Anupam , Baweja Sukriti , Kumar Guresh , Ramakrishna Gayatri , Sarin Shiv K.
Published: May 2022

Patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) have a high probability of developing systemic inflammation and sepsis due to immune dysregulation. Fifty‐nine patients with ACLF (12 without and 19 with systemic inflammation, and 28 with sepsis) were serially monitored for clinical and immunological changes at baseline, 6 hours, 24 hours, day 3, and day 7 following hospitalization. Ten healthy controls were also included. At all time points, soluble plasma factors and monocyte functions were studied. Patients with ACLF and systemic inflammation showed higher interleukin (IL)–6, vascular endothelial growth factor‐a, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β than patients with no systemic inflammation. Patients with ACLF with sepsis had raised (p < 0.001) levels of IL‐1Ra, IL‐18, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) compared to patients with ACLF‐systemic inflammation. Five of the 19 (26.3%) patients with systemic inflammation developed sepsis within 48–72 hours with a rapid rise in plasma levels of IL‐1Ra (1203–35,000 pg/ml), IL‐18 (48–114 pg/ml), and TREM1 (1273–4865 pg/ml). Monocytes of patients with ACLF with systemic inflammation and sepsis showed reduced human leukocyte antigen–DR but increased programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain‐containing protein 3 (TIM3) (p < 0.04) expression with increased ETosis by monocytes at baseline and until day 7. Conclusion: High and rising levels of plasma IL‐1Ra, IL‐18, TREM1 soluble factors, and increased suppressive monocytes (PDL1+ve, TIM3+ve) at baseline can stratify patients with ACLF at high risk of developing sepsis within 48–72 hours of hospitalization.
Evaluation of supply sustainability of vaccine alternatives with multi‐criteria decision‐making methods
Authors: Yazıcı Emre , Üner Sabire İrem , Demir Aslı , Dinler Sevda , Alakaş Hacı Mehmet
Published: May 2022

Background: The treatment of the COVID‐19 epidemic, whose contagious features are changing day by day, is the most current problem today throughout of the world. In order to be protected from COVID‐19 and reduce its spread, it is of great importance to follow the rules such as mask, distance and hygiene. In addition, one of the most important ways to prevent the epidemic is to develop population immunity. The most important tool in having population immunity is vaccination.

Aims: During the COVID‐19 pandemic, there have been problems in the supply process of many products in food and health sectors. Vaccine is also one of the most difficult tools to supply. In this context, the study focused on the selection of the vaccine provided by the countries within the scope of population vaccination studies.

Materials & Methods: At the selection point, the criteria affecting the purchasing process were determined and the weights of these criteria were calculated using the AHP method. Then, the criteria weights obtained were used to rank the alternatives in an integrated manner in the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods. The results of both methods were analyzed comparatively.

Results: According to the TOPSIS Method, the first alternative is Oxford‐AstraZeneca for all countries, and BioNTech for all countries in the PROMETHEE method.

Discussion: The vaccine storage conditions criterion is the most important in vaccine supply. The criterion with the lowest importance is Supply Cost. It has been revealed that cost elements remain in the background under pandemic conditions.

Conclusion: Vaccine evaluation studies and policy recommendations are presented by considering public health in the selection of vaccine alternatives.
Perceptions of motivational interviewing in genetic counseling practice and training
Authors: Spector Ashley , Ash Erin , Garland Beth , McLaughlin Robert , Ritenour Adasia , Gonynor Caroline , Riconda Daniel
Published: May 2022

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a counseling approach that allows a provider to engage in a dialog with patients to evoke motivation for health behavior change or decision‐making. MI is a relatively recent addition to the curricula of genetic counseling programs, and recent research has demonstrated its utility in genetic counseling practice. However, the perspectives of genetic counselors trained in MI have yet to be studied with the intent of illuminating how it is applied in practice or what should be emphasized in training. This qualitative study interviewed fifteen genetic counselors from various practice areas who have had training in MI. The interviews focused on how MI is being used in practice, and the strengths and weaknesses of their MI training. Five themes were identified through inductive qualitative analysis: (a) utility of MI in genetic counseling practice, (b) value of MI in genetic counseling training, (c) barriers to implementing MI in genetic counseling practice, (d) barriers to training genetic counselors in MI, and (e) timing of MI training. The perspectives discovered from this study can help inform genetic counseling educators who wish to include MI in their curriculum. In addition for those programs that already include MI, these results serve as a guide for the development of training role‐plays and/or standardized patient encounter scenarios.
Electrostatic Adsorption Behaviors of Charged Polymer‐Tethered Nanoparticles on Oppositely Charged Surfaces
Authors: Shen Xiaoxue , Zhang Yan , He Huibin , Yi Chenglin , Dong Wenhao , Ye Shunsheng , Zheng Di , Tao Jing , Wu Qi , Duan Xiaozheng , Nie Zhihong
Published: May 2022

Polymer‐grafted hairy nanoparticles (HNPs) that combine the unique properties of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and polymers are attractive building blocks for the layer‐by‐layer assembly of functional hybrid materials, but the adsorption behaviors of HNPs on substrates remain unclear. This article describes a systematic study on the adsorption behaviors of charged polymer‐grafted HNPs on oppositely charged substrates in different solvent media via a combination of experiments and simulations. It is shown in simulations that the adsorption process of HNPs is associated with the release of counterions around charged polymers on HNPs, thus resulting in a higher energy barrier of NP adsorption than bare NPs without charged polymer tethers. This energy barrier decreases with decreasing the dielectricity of solvents or ionization degree of grafted polymers or increasing ionic strength of the solution. Furthermore, the theoretical prediction is confirmed in experiments by using a model system of poly(acrylic acid)‐grafted silica NPs and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)‐modified wafers. The work provides guidance for the electrostatic assembly of HNPs into functional hybrid composites with applications in membranes, optical devices, and biomedicines.
Massively parallel sequencing uncovered disease‐associated variant spectra of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, phenylketonuria and galactosemia in Vietnamese pregnant women
Authors: Nguyen Tat‐Thanh , Le Quang‐Thanh , Hoang Diem‐Tuyet Thi , Du Nguyen Huu , Ha Thi Minh Thi , Nguyen My‐Nhi Ba , Ta Thanh‐Thuy Thi , Tran Nhat Thang , Trinh Thu Huong Nhat , Doan Kim Phuong Thi , Lam Duc Tam , Tran Son Tra Thi , Nguyen Thanh Xuan , Le Hong‐Thinh , Ha Van Tuan , Nguyen Manh Hoan , Le Ba‐Liem Kim , Duong My Linh , Pham Trung Ha , Tran Anh Tuan , Phan Xuan Lan Thi , Huynh Thanh Liem , Nguyen Lan‐Phuong Thi , Vo Thanh Binh , Le Duy‐Khang Nguyen , Tran Ngoc Nhu Thi , Tran Quynh Nhu Thi , Van Yen‐Linh Thi , Huynh Bich‐Ngoc Thi , Nguyen Thanh‐Phương Thi , Dao Trang Thi , Nguyen Lan Phuong Thi , Vo Truong‐Giang , Do Thanh‐Thuy Thi , Truong Dinh‐Kiet , Tang Hung Sang , Phan Minh‐Duy , Nguyen Hoai‐Nghia , Giang Hoa
Published: May 2022

Background

Several inherited metabolic diseases are underreported in Vietnam, namely glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd), phenylketonuria (PKU) and galactosemia (GAL). Whilst massively parallel sequencing (MPS) allows researchers to screen several loci simultaneously for pathogenic variants, no screening programme uses MPS to uncover the variant spectra of these diseases in the Vietnamese population.

Methods

Pregnant women (mean age of 32) from across Vietnam attending routine prenatal health checks agreed to participate and had their blood drawn. MPS was used to detect variants in their G6PD, PAH and GALT genes.

Results

Of 3259 women screened across Vietnam, 450 (13.8%) carried disease‐associated variants for G6PD, PAH and GALT. The prevalence of carriers was 8.9% (291 of 3259) in G6PD and 4.6% (152 of 3259) in PKU, whilst GAL was low at 0.2% (7 of 3259). Two GALT variants, c.593 T > C and c.1034C > A, have rarely been reported.

Conclusion

This study highlights the need for routine carrier screening, where women give blood whilst receiving routine prenatal care, in Vietnam. The use of MPS is suitable for screening multiple variants, allowing for identifying rare pathogenic variants. The data from our study will inform policymakers in constructing cost‐effective genetic metabolic carrier screening programmes.
Approximation properties of complex genuine α–Bernstein‐Durrmeyer operators
Authors: Goyal Meenu
Published: May 2022

Herein, we propose a complex form of genuine Bernstein‐Durrmeyer type operators depending on a non‐negative real parameter
. We present the quantitative upper bound, Voronovskaja type result and the exact order of approximation for the derivatives of the operators attached to analytic functions on compact disks. These results validate the extension of approximation properties of complex genuine
–Bernstein‐Durrmeyer type operators from real intervals to compact disks in the complex plane.
Broadband CPW fed butterfly shape printed slot antenna
Authors: Arora Surbhi , Kumar Girish
Published: May 2022

A broadband coplanar waveguide fed butterfly shape slot antenna is presented in this paper. The designed antenna operates in the frequency range from 1.89 to 5.21 GHz (93.5%) for S11 ≤ −10 dB with a broadside gain of 5 ± 1 dBi over the bandwidth of 1.97–5.19 GHz (90.3%). The designed antenna is uniplanar having the size of 0.5 λ0  × 0.28 λ0  × 0.005 λ0 (λ0 is the wavelength at the lowest operating frequency in free space). The proposed configuration has a stable radiation pattern over the operating frequency band. The designed antenna is fabricated and simulated results are validated with measured results.
Development of central venous access device‐associated skin impairment assessment instrument
Authors: Liu Min , Zheng Chonghao , Guan Xiangyun , Ke Ziwei , Zou Ping , Yang Yeqin
Published: May 2022

Aim

To develop an assessment tool to assess the severity and healing of skin impairment with the central venous access device.

Design

Delphi technique.

Methods

The instrument domain list was developed through a systematic literature review and semi‐structured interviews. Experts from China evaluated the relevance and significance of these items in assessing the degree of skin impairment surrounding central venous access device sites through two Delphi rounds. The APA Style JARS checklist for this article was used.

Results

For the systematic literature review, 28 articles were included to develop the wound assessment instrument. From the articles and interview contents, 15 criteria were selected based on reporting frequency. After further screening via in‐depth discussion, the central venous access devices associated with the skin impairment assessment tool were refined to include 14 major domains. Through a two‐phase Delphi process, 71 items in 12 domains were ultimately retained.
Isothermal crystallization behaviors of isotactic polypropylene with ultrasonically‐modified calcium sulfate whisker as β‐nucleating agent
Authors: Shi Wenjian , Xu Yong , Qin Jun , Li Xing , Lv Qing , Chen Xiaolang , Yu Jie , Chen Mengyu
Published: May 2022

In this work, the effect of calcium sulfate whisker (CSW) and ultrasonically‐modified CSW (UCSW) on the crystal structure and isothermal crystallization of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and polarized optical microscopy (POM). UCSW obviously increases heterogeneous nucleation. The isothermal crystallization kinetics of pure iPP, iPP/CSW, and iPP/UCSW composites are analyzed by the Avrami method. Although the Avrami exponent (n) of these samples only changed slightly, the half crystallization time (t1/2) indicates that CSW and UCSW decrease the overall crystallization time and increase the crystallization rate (Rc). POM results show that most crystals are β‐iPP shaped and the spherulite size decreases significantly with the addition of UCSW. The apparent equilibrium temperature of iPP/UCSW composites is lower than that of pure iPP and iPP/CSW composites. The values of β‐iPP fold surface free energy (σe) and the nucleation parameter (Kg) are much lower than that of α‐iPP for these iPP composites. The content of β‐crystal in iPP composites increases due to the addition of UCSW.
Fe‐Related Defects in Si: Laplace Deep‐Level Transient Spectroscopy Studies
Authors: Gwozdz Katarzyna , Kolkovsky Vladimir
Published: May 2022

Herein, the electrical properties of Fe‐related defects in hydrogenated n‐ and p‐type Si doped with iron during the crystal growth in a vacancy mode are investigated. Six deep‐level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) peaks labeled Fei, FeB, CH, E125FeH, E145Fe, and E240Fe are observed in as‐grown n‐ and p‐type Si after wet chemical etching (WCE). By comparing the electrical properties of the defects with those previously reported in the literature, Fei is correlated with interstitial iron, FeB with an iron–boron complex, and C–H with a carbon–hydrogen complex in Si. No traces of the peak previously assigned to the single donor state of FeiH are observed after reverse bias annealing at 110 °C in hydrogenated Si. By analyzing the depth profiles of the defects in n‐type Si, it is shown that E125FeH comprises only one H atom. The electrical and annealing properties of E125FeH, E145Fe, and E240Fe are investigated and their origin is discussed.
Innovative Nanocomposites for Low Power Phase‐Change Memory: GeTe/C Multilayers
Authors: Térébénec Damien , Bernier Nicolas , Castellani Niccolo , Bernard Mathieu , Jager Jean-Baptiste , Tomelleri Martina , Paterson Jessy , Cyrille Marie-Claire , Tran Nguyet-Phuong , Giordano Valentina M. , Hippert Françoise , Noé Pierre
Published: May 2022

Innovative nanocomposites consisting of [(GeTe)4 nm/C1 nm]10multilayers (MLs) deposited by magnetron sputtering are integrated in phase‐change memory (PCM) test devices with a “wall structure.” Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) shows that an ML structure, with crystallized GeTe layers, is kept after integration in as‐fabricated devices and also after an additional annealing of the devices at 425 °C. The programming current (RESET current) required to reach the high resistance state of [(GeTe)4 nm/C1 nm]10ML devices decreases by 45% after annealing at 425 °C. The reduction in RESET current is 55% and the reduction in drift coefficient is about 40% in ML devices annealed at 425 °C compared to similar devices incorporating Ge2Sb2Te5. STEM imaging, coupled with nano‐beam electron diffraction and electron energy loss spectroscopy, of ML devices in the high resistance state shows that the RESET current reduction after annealing is correlated to a reduction of the amorphized volume.
First Asymmetric Synthesis of Passerini‐Type Condensation Products in Water Using Pregabalin: A Chiral Amino Acid for the Efficient Asymmetric Induction
Authors: Mousapour Maryam , Hassani Seyyed Alireza Mousazadeh , Shirini Farhad
Published: May 2022

This article describes the use of Pregabalin as a commercially available chiral amino acid in the efficient synthesis of the Passerini‐type condensation products via two‐component condensation of aromatic aldehydes with cyclohexyl isocyanide. All reactions are accompanied with aerobic oxidation of aldehydes in water leading to chiral α‐acyloxycarboxamides with moderate to good enantioselectivities (up to 88 % ee) under green conditions such as nonmetal source. This is the first report of asymmetric synthesis of Passerini products in water.