bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward to Explain of Working Principles of Blood-Brain Barriers Like X-Ray Devices: A Neurophysical Hypothesis
Authors: AYDİN Mehmet , GÜLER Mustafa Can , ATALAY Canan , KELEŞ Osman Nuri
Published: January 2023

Objective: The blood-brain barrier is an electromagnetic mechanism on a neurophysical basis. In this study, we compared the X-Ray device, which is similar to the blood-brain barrier in many ways.

Material and Methods: We collected brain samples from deep temporal cortex sections of ten rats, stained them via the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) technique, visualized the architectural structures of the blood-brain barriers, and compared them with X-ray devices.

Results: With the arterioles forming the tube blood-brain barrier in the X-ray device, the anode-cathode that provides the electric current and determines the direction of the current flow corresponds to the astrocytes surrounding the anode-cathode vessel, the cooling system to the cerebrospinal fluid circulating the vessel, and the electrons emitted from the cathode to the particles flowing in the vessel.

Conclusion: With the architecture presented by the blood-brain barrier, we envision it functioning as an X-Ray and optical reader that display objects in passenger baggage and direct them according to barcode numbers.
Investigation Of The Relationship Between Prognostic Nutrition Index And Mortality In Patients With Femur Fracture
Authors: TAŞKIN Öztürk , DEMİR Ufuk , YILMAZ Ayşe , ÖZCAN Selahattin , DOĞANAY Zahide
Published: January 2023

Aim: The incidence of adverse postoperative outcomes in surgeries for femur fractures is high and is associated with malnutrition. In this study, it was aimed to determine the independent factors for 6-month survival in patients with femur fracture and to evaluate the predictive value of the prognostic nutrition index (PNI).

Material and Method: One hundred and sixteen patients operated on only for femoral fracture were divided into survival and non-survival groups according to mortality.Demographic characteristics of the patients, operation data, fracture sites, need for intensive care unit and length of stay, postoperative hospital stay, and preoperative laboratory values, prognostic nutrition indices and mortality were evaluated.

Results: Twenty-six (22.4%) of 116 patients who were operated for femoral fracture resulted in 6-month mortality. CRP, albumin, prealbumin, crp/albumin ratio and PNI values at admission were independent risk factors for postoperative mortality (p=0.014, p
Evaluation of the relationship between intraoperative cerebral oxygen saturation and postoperative cognitive functions in laparoscopic hysterectomy surgery
Authors: YILMAZ Resul , ÇEKDEMİR Hasan , TÜREN DEMİR Emine , ARICAN Şule , HACIBEYOĞLU Gülçin , REİSLİ Ruhiye , TUNCER Sema
Published: January 2023

Objective: Laparoscopic surgery has become more popular than traditional open surgery because it is less invasive, provides faster recovery, and provides better cosmetic success. This procedure requires insufflation of an inert gas into the peritoneal cavity. This may be an increase in arterial CO2, changes in cerebral blood flow, an increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), a decrease in cardiac output. The primary outcome of this study is to show the effect of IAP levels on cerebral oxygen saturation (COS) in patients who underwent laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy, and the secondary outcome is to reveal the relationship between IAP and COS and the recovery of postoperative cognitive functions.

Material and Method: Demographic data of the cases were recorded and mini-mental test (MMT) was applied to evaluate the preoperative cognitive functions of the cases before surgery. COS monitoring were performed with standard anesthesia procedure for all patients. The MMT was repeated after the surgery.

Results: A total of 40 female patients were included in the study. Those with IAP level 12 and below were defined as Group Low-Pressure, and those above 12 were defined as Group High-Pressure. There was no statistical difference between the anesthesia times and recovery times of the two groups. While there was no statistical difference in the preoperative MMT evaluation, it was found to be significantly lower in Group H in the postoperative MMT evaluation.

Conclusion: In this study, we evaluated the effect of intraoperative IAP levels on intraoperative COS. It is seen that high IAP level does not have a negative effect on COS. In addition, this study has evidence that high IAP affects postoperative cognitive functions. In intraoperative management for TLH surgery, we recommend maintaining the IAP level at the lowest appropriate pressure that does not impair surgical comfort.
Evaluation of The Relationship Between Nutrition Knowledge and Sustainable Food Literacy
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Elif Esra , ÖZGEN Leyla
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between nutrition knowledge and sustainable food literacy.

Material and Method: It was carried out in 280 people aged 19 to 75 years. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. To measure the level of sustainable of food literacy, the Sustainable Food Literacy Scale was applied. Nutrition knowledge was evaluated using nutrition knowledge questionnaire.

Results: Participants in the low-nutrition knowledge group had lower sustainable food knowledge scores than those of the medium and high nutrition knowledge groups (p
Could uric acid to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio be considered as a marker of hemodialysis sufficiency?
Authors: ÇAPRAZ Mustafa , COŞKUN Orhan
Published: January 2023

Aim: Hemodialysis (HD) is one of the most widely utilized renal replacement therapies in individuals with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this study was to compare the Uric acid to HDL cholesterol ratio (UHR) levels of well-treated HD patients to those of those who had inadequate HD therapy.

Materials and Methods: Data on HD patients were acquired from patient files and the institution's database. A URR value of more than 70% designated the sufficient HD group, whereas less than 70% defined the insufficient HD group. Furthermore, laboratory data, such as the UHR of the study groups, were compared.

Results: The UHRs for adequate and inadequate HD were 0.160±04 and 0.20±0.07, respectively. The UHR of patients with insufficient HD was substantially greater than that of the subjects with sufficient HD (p=0.004). Besides, UHR was substantially and positively connected with urea before HD (r=0.37, p=0.001), urea after HD (r=0.39, p=0.001), serum creatinine before HD (r=0.48, p0.001), serum creatinine after HD (r=0.45, p0.001), and negatively correlated with URR (r=-0.29, p=0.008), according to correlation analyses. In individuals with chronic renal disease, a UHR value higher than 0.16 exhibited 67% sensitivity and 57% specificity in detecting inadequate HD.

Conclusion: We propose that UHR, in addition to URR, might be used to determine HS sufficiency in CKD patients undergoing HD therapy.
Evaluation of Cardiac Arrhythmia Susceptibility in Pediatric Familial Mediterranean Fever Patients
Authors: GÜNGÖRER Vildan , SERT Ahmet , ARSLAN Şükrü 
Published: January 2023

Aim: Familial Mediterranean fever is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by attacks of inflammation. Despite treatment, there is evidence of subclinical persistence of inflammation with normal laboratory values. This study was conducted to investigate the cardiac effects of continued subclinical inflammation in children and the predisposition towards arrhythmia in familial Mediterranean fever.

Materials and Methods: Age and sex-matched familial Mediterranean fever patients and healthy controls were compared in terms of demographic, laboratory, echocardiographic and electrocardiographic data. The patients with familial Mediterranean fever were grouped according to disease severity scores and compared in terms of electrocardiographic data that could indicate arrhythmogenesis. Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between the electrocardiographic measurements and the clinical and laboratory data.

Results: In the comparison of the two groups, no significant difference was found in the echocardiographic measurements in terms of left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions. According to these data, QT and Tp-e intervals were significantly longer in those with familial Mediterranean fever (p=0.002, p=0.046, respectively). When the patients were classified according to the 3 separate disease severity scores, QT dispersion in the moderate-severe disease group was significantly longer than in the mild disease group (p
Sugammadex administration in patients with end-stage renal disease: a narrative review with recommendations
Authors: Oh Seok Kyeong , Lim Byung Gun
Published: January 2023

Due to unknown safety concerns, sugammadex should not be administered to patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, because the supply of benzylisoquinolinium-type neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) has been discontinued, rocuronium is the only non-depolarizing NMBA that can be used in clinical settings in some countries, including South Korea. The administration of sugammadex cannot be avoided to achieve rapid and complete neuromuscular recovery in patients with ESRD or renal transplantation after rocuronium administration. Although there has been a limited number of clinical studies involving the use of sugammadex in patients with ESRD, studies have shown that sugammadex can effectively and safely reverse rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade (NMB) in patients with ESRD, however recovery of neuromuscular function in patients with ESRD is slower than in patients with normal renal function. Nonetheless, safety-concerns are yet to be addressed. Considering the small number of clinical studies, high heterogeneity among studies, and insufficient safety information, more extensive data on the efficacy and safety of sugammadex in patients with ESRD are needed. In particular, it is important to secure data on safety, including residual NMB after surgery, recurarization and cardiorespiratory complications, anaphylactic reactions, and long-term morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, anesthesiologists should remember that performing proper quantitative neuromuscular monitoring and neuromuscular management based on the monitoring signs are the most essential requirements when using sugammadex in patients with ESRD.
Panorama de la educación a distancia en México
Authors: Navarrete Cazales Zaira , Manzanilla Granados Héctor Manuel
Published: January 2023

Este artículo presenta un breve panorama sobre la educación superior a distancia en México. Se utilizaron fuentes documentales que posibilitaron hacer una revisión histórica de la educación a distancia y su estado actual. Se concluye que en el siglo XX, México fue uno de los países más preocupados por ofrecer educación a distancia. En las políticas educativas nacionales ―en concordancia con el mandato de los organismos internacionales― se considera preciso aprovechar las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) para reforzar los sistemas educativos, reconociendo a la enseñanza a distancia como un sector indispensable de los sistemas educativos tradicionales.
Miradas a las problemáticas de las unidades formadoras de docentes en colombia: más allá de la normatividad
Authors: López Jiménez Nelson Ernesto
Published: January 2023

Este artículo pretende suscitar en la comunidad académica nacional1 el interés por reflexionar sistemáticamente sobre las problemáticas de la formación de los profesionales de la educación, asumida como expresión de la crisis, que se erige como una oportunidad para la reconstrucción social de la identidad del docente colombiano. Avanza en el análisis de problemáticas que advierten que los cambios del contexto normativo (Discursoeneral) no son suficientes a la hora de interrogarnos por la profesionalidad del docente. Lejos de pretender fijar una posición única y determinante, este artículo invita a reaccionar de manera asertiva y propositiva sobre problemáticas que requieren una solución oportuna, razón por la cual se utiliza el interrogante y la provocación al lector, como estrategia fundamental que conduzca de manera autónoma a la construcción de alternativas de solución social e investigativa pertinentes.
Editorial
Authors: Villada Osorio Diego
Published: January 2023

Deseo exponer a usted algunos aspectos. A propósito de la tradición educativa. Con el firme propósito de establecer un diálogo académico, y en lo posible de carácter científico con los diversos actores del mundo de la educación, escribo estas cortas reflexiones: como espacio a la visibilidad y a usted como posible interlocutor, le puede interesar en menor o mayor grado construir un debate profundo sobre el quehacer educativo; el cual no escapa, de ninguna manera, a nuestra influencia y presencia.
Competencias digitales: una mirada desde sus criterios valorativos en torno a los estilos de aprendizaje
Authors: Ríos Sánchez Alfonso , Álvarez Mejía María Luisa , Torres Hernández Flor Adelia
Published: January 2023

Un buen número de estudiantes que ingresan a la universidad experimentan dificultades para relacionarse con los medios tecnológicos y las herramientas digitales. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio que buscó estructurar contenidos criteriales para la valoración del nivel de desempeño de la competencia digital, basado en el diseño de actividades por estilos de aprendizaje en estudiantes de primer semestre de la Universidad de Caldas y la Universidad Nacional sede Manizales. Después del análisis de contexto y la aplicación del Cuestionario Honey-Alonso de Estilos de Aprendizaje se implementaron estrategias para el fortalecimiento de dichas competencias a partir de una cartilla digital que contiene diversas actividades identificadas por el método de análisis multivariante, por estilo de aprendizaje y niveles de desempeño. Se hizo seguimiento a través de un aula virtual en la plataforma Moodle, según la descripción que presenta la cartilla digital. Posteriormente los estudiantes registraron y evaluaron la experiencia, utilizando autoreportes valorativos, bajo las condiciones Likert. Por último, se sistematizaron y analizaron los datos aplicando el análisis discriminante por medio del SPSS V22. La superación de la unidimensionalidad por la tridimensionalidad es considerada como un desplazamiento metodológico que está ontológicamente muy relacionado con la misma competencia al vincular tecnologías, habilidades y formación.
Editorial
Authors: Jurado Grisales Claudia
Published: January 2023

Es para mí un honor volver a escribir en la Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos. Hace algunos años, como estudiante de la Maestría en Educación de la Universidad de Caldas, publiqué un artículo sobre la relación entre la globalización y la educación superior, en el que realicé una disertación en torno a la falta de financiación estatal a las universidades públicas, lo cual ha propiciado impactos negativos en su independencia y autonomía.

Esta reflexión, realizada hace más de 10 años, sigue más viva que nunca en nuestro contexto. En el sistema de educación pública persiste la falta de apoyo presupuestal del Estado, lo cual ha puesto bajo amenaza su expansión, calidad y continuidad. Esta situación, que ha devenido en una crisis estructural, es precisamente la que ha impulsado la creación de un enorme movimiento universitario en Colombia, el cual se desarrolla en exigencia de mejores condiciones para la educación superior oficial.

Debo señalar en esta ocasión que el panorama de la educación en Colombia golpea con especial fuerza a las facultades y unidades de educación, ya que limita la calidad de la formación de los maestros y pone obstáculos al avance del conocimiento educativo, pedagógico y didáctico. En nuestro país la profesión docente, en lugar de ser reconocida como una actividad de capital importancia, es asumida en los planes, políticas y presupuestos como una profesión fácilmente intercambiable con otros oficios o de facto prescindible.

Nos falta aún mucho para comprender, como sociedad consciente y expectante por su futuro, que gran parte del desarrollo ambiental, cultural, económico y social de la nación depende del acompañamiento y apoyo que se les dé a los maestros en el proceso educativo.

Por eso hay que reconocer la labor que la Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Educación –ASCOFADE– y las diversas unidades de formadores del país vienen realizando con el ánimo de salvaguardar los derechos de los profesionales en el campo de la enseñanza. Es esencial que el proceso de formación de nuestros docentes, en aras de ser crítico, reflexivo e integral, para lo cual se requiere que los actuales y futuros maestros reflexionen profundamente sobre el estado actual de la educación en el país y acerca de las razones que impulsan movimientos como el actual.

Espero que estas y otras reflexiones sobre la educación, la pedagogía, el currículo y la didáctica sigan iluminando el camino de una revista, que como esta, se ha convertido en un referente continental.
Interacción conceptual entre el pensamiento crítico y metacognición
Authors: Bernal María Elena , Gómez Manuela , Iodice Rosario
Published: January 2023

El texto expone un esquema del pensamiento crítico (PC) y metacognición (MC); inicia esbozando conceptos de estos dos aspectos y la poca claridad que existe al desarrollarlos. El objetivo del documento es contribuir a clarificar la interacción conceptual del PC y la MC a través de una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos. Con este fin se estudió el marco para el desarrollo de habilidades metacognitivas (HM) y el modelo integrado del pensamiento crítico. Los autores concluyen que el PC es un proceso metacognitivo que facilita al individuo la interpretación de la información cognitiva y que el adecuado desarrollo del PC requiere de HM
La práctica reflexiva del profesor y la relación con el desarrollo profesional en el contexto de la educación superior
Authors: Marín Cano Martha Liliana , Parra Bernal Lina Rosa , Burgos Laitón Sandra Bibiana , Gutiérrez Giraldo Mónica María
Published: January 2023

Este artículo corresponde a los resultados parciales de la investigación denominada La práctica reflexiva del profesor y su correlación con el desarrollo profesional docente en el contexto de la educación superior: comprensiones y experiencias, cuyo interés general se centra en comprender desde la experiencia y la teoría, las correlaciones críticas y performativas entre la práctica reflexiva del profesor y su desarrollo profesional en educación superior. Del análisis documental se presentan las categorías que emergieron acerca de las prácticas reflexivas y su incidencia en el desarrollo profesional de los profesores. Los resultados se sustentan en el análisis de artículos, libros, capítulos de libros, tesis doctorales, informes de congreso y conferencias, que amplían la comprensión de la práctica reflexiva y la relación que posee con los procesos de innovación, cambio y mejora de la enseñanza
Use of remote sensing to determine rainwater harvesting sites for piped micro-irrigation schemes in Chimanimani District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mike M Mushayi  , Samuel Kusangaya  , Never Mujere
Published: January 2023

The eastern highlands of Zimbabwe, particularly Chimanimani District, are endowed with natural water bodies such as springs, pools, wetlands, puddles and river systems, which are potential sources of water for irrigated farming. Despite this, water challenges continue to exist due to rainfall seasonality and lack of suitable water harvesting sites. This calls for solutions to harness water in long-lasting sources to support the piped micro-irrigation schemes. These schemes are pillars in agricultural interventions such as horticulture, livestock farming, fish farming and beekeeping. This study therefore, determined potential rainwater harvesting (RWH) sites in Chimanimani District using geospatial techniques. Water pixels from Landsat 8 images were extracted using the normalised difference moisture index (NDMI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Potential RWH sites were classified into land-based zones, wetlands and natural water bodies. Findings show that land-based zones cover 27.53%, wetlands cover 24.65% and water bodies cover 6.11% of the district. The study also indicates that integrating geographic information systems with remote-sensing tools is a useful approach in identifying RWH sites. Thus, this study provided a spatially explicit approach and presents a suitability map for RWH in Chimanimani District.
Forward osmosis treatment of thermal evaporator brine stream
Authors: EN Sitabule  , C Buckley
Published: January 2023

Forward osmosis technology was evaluated for treating evaporator brine stream from a petrochemical industry at bench scale using ammonium bicarbonate as a draw solution. Calcium carbonate scaling that forms from the interaction between the calcium ions in the feed solution and carbonate ions from the draw solution (reverse salt diffusion) leads to the reduction in water flux and water recoveries achievable (feed TDS concentration of ~60 000 mg‧L−1, calcium ~545 mg‧L−1 and draw solution (ammonium bicarbonate) concentration of ~240 000 mg‧L−1). Fouling can be prevented by softening the feedwater before it is treated in forward osmosis. Without calcium and magnesium, permeate fluxes and water recoveries of up to 6 L‧m−2‧h−1 and 60%, respectively, could be achieved. It was also observed in this study that the concentration of the calcium ions in the feed does have an impact on the formation of the calcium carbonate scale, implying that some hardness can be tolerated in the feed to the forward osmosis process. It can, therefore, be concluded that without some hardness removal, ammonium bicarbonate draw solution is not suitable for treating concentrated brine streams (e.g., evaporator brine) that contain a high concentration of calcium ions. FO technology using ammonium bicarbonate as a draw solution can be considered an alternative technology to treat concentrated brine streams from inland industries, provided some pre-treatment to remove scaling precursors such as calcium is incorporated in the flow scheme.
The Effects of Tax Shocks on GNP and Inflation in Iran, A DSGE Approach
Authors: MAKİYAN Seyed-nezamuddin , NAJAFİ FARASHAH Seyed Mohamad Saleh
Published: January 2023

This study investigates indirect tax shocks' influences on GDP and inflation in Iran’s economy, using a DSGE (Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium) model. The results indicate that a shock cause equal to one standard deviation in tax on consumption can reduce GDP by 0.006% and inflation by 0.018%. Also, a shock in the import tax causes the GDP to decrease by 0.089% due to the decrease in demand for imported goods. Moreover, imported goods reduce by 0.4% with the occurrence of import tax shock; meanwhile, inflation increases by 0.89% in the short term. Accordingly, a possible reform for indirect taxes should be more carefully considered.
Belediyelerin Çevre Koruma Harcamaları Üzerinde Sanayileşmenin Etkilerinin Mekânsal Analizi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: KIZILTAN Mustafa , YERELİ Ahmet Burçin
Published: January 2023

Belediyelerin yapmış oldukları çevre koruma harcamaları başta sanayileşme düzeyi olmak üzere çeşitli faktörlerden etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışma 2007-2016 yılları arasında Türkiye’de belediyelerin kişi başı çevre koruma harcamaları üzerinde sanayileşmenin etkilerini inceleyen ilk çalışmadır. Komşu il belediyeleri arasındaki mekânsal bağımlılık ve saçılım etkilerini dikkate almak için çalışmada Mekânsal Durbin Modeli kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel bulguları şu şekildedir: (1) Sanayileşme düzeyinin artması daha fazla çevre koruma harcaması yapılmasını gerektirmektedir. (2) Mekânsal modelin anlamlı fakat negatif bir etkiye sahip olması kişi başı çevre koruma harcamalarının belli bölgelerde yoğunlaştığını ve bedavacılık problemine yol açtığını göstermektedir. (3) Kişi başı çevre gelirlerinin artması kişi başı çevre koruma harcamalarını artırmaktadır. (4) Nüfus yoğunluğu ve yüzölçümü daha fazla kişi başı çevre korumasını beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları karar vericilere çevre koruma harcamalarının planlanmasında ve koordine edilmesinde farklı bir bakış açısı sağlayabilir.
Discovery of RNA and DNA viruses using next-generation sequencing: Targeted enrichment v1
Authors: Tong Lily
Published: January 2023

Next-generation sequencing is a powerful tool for viral genomics. Viruses often constitute a very small proportion of any given sample meaning that methods that enable detection of viral nucleic acids are frequently needed for detection and characterisation. Improvement of sensitivity can be achieved by depletion of unwanted nucleic acid during sample pre-treatment or by enrichment such as PCR amplification with virus specific primers, or probe-based targeted enrichment. However, some methods for specific enrichment rely on prior knowledge of the viruses. The development of probe-capture panels targeting multiple viruses have enabled simultaneous sequencing of multiple viruses. Here we describe a highly sensitive and semi-agnostic sequencing method to identify unknown viruses using a pan-viral probe capture design (see Figure 1). Following simultaneous extraction of RNA and DNA, samples are first split into two and subjected to non-specific enrichment treatments that improve chances of detecting RNA or DNA viruses, respectively and generate untargeted Illumina sequencing libraries as described in the accompanying protocol Discovery of RNA and DNA viruses using next-generation sequencing: Metagenomics. The same sequencing libraries can be subjected to targeted enrichment using a pan-viral probe set to achieve higher sensitivity. We applied this approach to an outbreak of acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children, enabling the identification of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) in all patients but not in samples from controls. This method also led to the identification of adenovirus and human herpesviruses. This protocol describes how to perform targeted enrichment on metagenomic Illumina sequencing libraries. We enrich for unknown viruses using VirCapSeq-VERT probes, a panel of ~2 million probes that cover the genomes of members of the 207 viral taxa known to infect vertebrates.
Ultra-Competent Cells Preparation v1
Authors: not provided jorge.fernandez
Published: January 2023

Adaptation of the Inoue protocol for competent cells preparation. Expected transformation efficiency of 108 colonies per μg of plasmidic DNA. Original Source: doi:10.1101/pdb.prot101196
Empleo de una β-galactosidasa comercial de Kluyveromyces lactis en la hidrólisis de lactosuero
Authors: Beltran F. Laura Julliet , Acosta C. Alejandro
Published: January 2023

Introducción
El lactosuero es el mayor subproducto de desecho de la industria láctea. Por sus elevados valores de DBO se considera un foco de contaminación de aguas y suelo cuando se descarta sin ningún tratamiento. Una alternativa para la disposición final de este residuo agroindustrial, es su utilización como medio de cultivo para varios procesos fermentativos, después de una hidrólisis enzimática, de esta manera garantizar una mayor disponibilidad de azucares fermentables, para su posterior aplicación en biotecnología, medio ambiente y/o alimentos
objetivo
Evaluar los efectos del pH, temperatura y concentración de la enzima sobre lactosuero empleando una β- galactosidasa comercial de Kluyveromyces lactis y determinar los parámetros cinéticos de la enzima.
 

Materiales y Métodos
 
La hidrólisis de la lactosa se desarrolló tanto en soluciones tamponadas de lactosa como en lactosuero, se evaluaron 5 niveles para el pH (4,5 - 8,5), temperatura (25°C-65°C) y concentración de enzima (0,025 g/L - 0,5 g/L), todos los experimentos se realizaron por triplicado en matraz de 100 mL y los datos fueron analizados empleando el software GraphPad Prism.
 
Resultados
 
A un pH de 6,5 y una temperatura de 45°C, se alcanzaron las mejores condiciones de hidrolisis del lactosuero. De acuerdo a los resultados cinéticos, la enzima presentó inhibición competitiva por galactosa con un K migual a 8,01x10  M, Ki de6,85x10  M y V max de 1,86x10 molmg.
 
Conclusión
 
Las mejores condiciones de temperatura y pH fueron de 6,5°C y 45°C respectivamente, se alcanzó un 100% de hidrólisis en una hora con 0,1 g/L de enzima. Además, se evidenció que la velocidad de reacción de la enzima fue inhibida por galactosa.
Frecuencia de los transcriptos p190BCR-ABL y p210BCR-ABL en una población colombiana con leucemia mieloide crónica (LMC) usando RT-PCR cualitativa
Authors: Aya Bonilla Carlos Alberto , Torres José Domingo , Muskus Carlos Enrique , Ramírez Gaviria Gloria , Cuervo Sierra Jorge , Sierra Sánchez Margarita , Cuéllar-Ambrosi Francisco , Botero Garcés Jorge Humberto , Artigas A. Carmen Gloria , Muñetón Carlos Mario , Vásquez Palacio Gonzalo
Published: January 2023

Introducción: la leucemia mieloide crónica (LMC) se caracteriza por la presencia del cromosoma Filadelfia (Ph) que resulta de la translocación recíproca balanceada t(9;22)(q34;q11); este marcador cromosómico se encuentra con menor frecuencia en pacientes con leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA).Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de las fusiones génicas BCR-ABL, que codifican para los transcriptos p210BCR-ABL y p190 BCR-ABL en pacientes colombianos con diagnóstico de LMC, en diferentes fases de la enfermedad o de su tratamiento.Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de 31 pacientes con LMC (15-78 años). El análisis se hizo a partir de muestras de sangre periférica con la técnica PCR anidada cualitativa para las isoformas P210 BCR-ABL (b3a2 e b2a2) y P190 BCR-ABL (e1a2).Resultados: se detectó el transcripto p210BCR-ABL en 29 de los 31 casos (93,6%). En ellos se identificaron las fusiones génicas b2a2 (16/29; 55,2%), b3a2 (10/29; 34,5%) y la coexpresión b3a2 y b2a2 (3/29; 10,3%).Conclusión: la fusión génica b2a2 fue la más frecuente en esta población con LMC.
Phylogeny and cross-regulation of the YjjM and LeuO transcription factors translated as multiple protein forms from one gene in Escherichia coli
Authors: Bessonova T.A. , Rybina A.A. , Marakulina D.A. , Kaznadzey A.D. , Gelfand M.S. , Ozoline O.N. , Tutukina M.N.
Published: January 2023

Until recently, no examples of the in-frame translation of several proteins from one gene in bacteria were known. The first one was the VirF transcription factor controlling pathogenicity development in Shigella flexneri and CobB sirtuin in Salmonella enterica. Recently, we observed synthesis of shortened protein products for YjjM (LgoR) and LeuO functioning as transcription factors in Escherichia coli. To determine the evolutionary factors that could lead to the appearance of alternative start codons, we performed phylogenetic analysis and showed that each protein had a unique phylogenetic history, and additional starting methionines appeared only in Enterobacteria. Using the Western-blot analysis of proteins synthesized from the Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 chromosome with the his-tagged leuO gene two shortened variants of LeuO, corresponding to translation starting from Met34 and Met48 were detected. Synthesis of all three LeuO forms was inhibited in the absence of the yjjM gene, suggesting interplay of these transcription factors. The YjjM recognition motif revealed from the ChIP-seq data appeared to be very similar to that of LeuO, known previously. Taking this into account, we compared ChIP and SELEX data for LeuO and YjjM and found six common targets. At least five of them were confirmed to be under control of these regulators by qRT-PCR. Interestingly, the effects were more prominent during anaerobic growth at 37°C simulating conditions inside a host organism. Two genes, coding for the enterobactin transporter FepA, and a repressor of genes responsible for flagellar biosynthesis and virulence YjjQ, were repressed, mainly by YjjM, only in these conditions, while tsr coding for the chemotaxis receptor protein was more repressed under lower temperature and higher aeration.
role of technology centers in regional competitiveness: a multicriteria approach
Authors: Del Campo Cristina , Roig-Tierno Norat , Chaparro-Banegas Nuria , Mas-Verdu Francisco
Published: January 2023

Countries adopt different policies and strategies to boost regional growth and competitiveness. R&D is one of the most important drivers of national competitiveness because of its ability to generate knowledge and convert that knowledge into useful information to improve people’s lives and maintain economic prosperity. Innovation emerges within innovation systems. Such systems encourage collaboration among institutional and economic agents. One of the main groups of agents that foster such collaboration consists of innovation intermediaries. Technology centers (TCs) are a prime example of such intermediaries, which exert a positive impact on the business sector. Given the numerous factors influencing TC efficiency, this paper studies the key variables associated with this efficiency, providing a ranking of these variables based on the views of innovation system experts. To evaluate these variables, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used. Of the six areas identified as essential for TC activity, the impact of TCs and the types of actions they undertake are the most important aspects for improving TC and business efficiency, as well as regional competitiveness. This study highlights the role of TCs in helping companies respond to challenges with innovative solutions that foster a strong, competitive, and innovative regional business sector.
Criteria and Methods of Punishment Individualization in Administrative Cases
Authors: Nobel A. R.
Published: January 2023

The paper examines the concept and essence of punishment individualization as a principle of proceedings in cases of administrative offenses. This principle is implemented by consolidating in the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses of the ordinary rules for imposing administrative punishment applicable to any administrative offense, and special rules applied to individual administrative offenses and those who committed them. On the basis of a systematic analysis of ordinary and special rules of sentencing, law upholders use such methods of individualization as determining the rules for punishment imposition within the limits of the sanction provided for under the relevant article of the Special Part of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation and under the laws of constituent entities of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses or the possibility of imposing administrative punishment, the type or size of which is not provided for by sanctions of the relevant provisions. The paper explains the system and content of the criteria of individualization taken into account for the imposition of administrative punishment and the practice of their application. The author considers safeguards for implementation of the principle of individualization of punishment.
Educational Activities: Legal and Organizational Aspects
Authors: Chekha V. V.
Published: January 2023

The paper presents the results of a study of the features of the legal regulation of educational activities, taking into account the changes made in 2021 to the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ «On Education in the Russian Federation». This paper is one of the first studies of its kind on a topic related to the legal regulation of educational activities as a special area with significant prospects. Previous studies of the chosen topic dealt with many issues, in particular the organization of legal education, but this paper contains several fundamentally new approaches. In particular, it is substantiated that educational activities involve the formation of educational legal relations that connect the provider of educational activities and those who are educated. Within the framework of these legal relations, a provider transmits information to those educated with specific restrictions. At the same time, the content of the transmitted information itself depends on the specifics of the request of a particular group of consumers, identified according to social, age, professional, religious, territorial and other criteria. A significant place in the paper is given to the study of the relationship between educational activities and learning activities. Unlike highly regulated learning activities, educational activities are characterized by a much greater degree of freedom for participants and flexibility in terms of organization. At the same time, the system of legal regulation of educational activities that has been formed today is not without flaws, which suggests the need to improve it.
Subject, Self-Consciousness, and Self-Knowledge in Kant’s Transcendental Philosophy
Authors: Forgione Luca
Published: January 2023

Kant points to two forms of self-consciousness: the inner sense, or empirical apperception, based on a sensory form of self-awareness, and transcendental apperception. Through the notion of inner sense, Kant also allows for an introspective account of self-awareness; nonetheless, Kant holds an utterly sophisticated notion of basic self-consciousness provided for by the notion of transcendental apperception. As we will see, the doctrine of apperception is not to be confused with an introspective psychological approach: in reality, it is a formal model for the thinking activity itself which explains the most central concepts regarding subjecthood.
Análisis experimental de flujo líquido-líquido en un tubo horizontal usando redes neuronales artificiales
Authors: Casas-Pulido Andrey Felipe , Hernández-Cely Marlon Mauricio , Rodríguez-Hernández Oscar Mauricio
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es la aplicación de una red neuronal artificial para la predicción de la fracción volumétrica (holdup) de flujo bifásico (aceite-agua) en un tubo en posición horizontal. Para este fin, la velocidad superficial del agua y el aceite se utilizaron como parámetros de entrada, entre tanto, la fracción volumétrica de estos dos fluidos se utilizaron como parámetros de salida para el entrenamiento y prueba de la red neuronal multicapa, el método utilizado fue retro propagación. Los datos experimentales (92 datos) se tomaron en el LEMI-EESC-USP y fueron utilizados para desarrollar el modelo de red neuronal artificial. Finalmente, se concluyó que los datos experimentales utilizados en la red neuronal se ajustan muy bien para una función de transferencia tagsig con 10 neuronas en la capa oculta evaluadas a partir del error porcentual absoluto medio de (AAPE= 3,95) y coeficiente de determinación ( = 0,975).
O Lugar do adulto pesquisador nas pesquisas com crianças: reflexões sobre uma experiência
Authors: Souza Flora Lima Farias , Zibetti Marli Lucia Tonatto , Gomes Cleomar Ferreira
Published: January 2023

Nos estudos produzidos nos últimos anos, as crianças passaram a ser consideradas capazes de emitir opiniões sobre temas que lhes dizem respeito, o que evidencia a necessidade de se discutir o papel do adulto na realização dessas pesquisas. O texto tem por objetivo discutir esse papel com base em reflexões produzidas durante pesquisa de campo, de inspiração etnográfica, realizada em uma turma de quatro anos de uma escola municipal de educação infantil de Cuiabá – MT. As análises dos registros de observação dos dez meses de permanência em campo indicam que a pesquisadora foi aceita pelas crianças como parte do grupo e que essa aceitação, construída aos poucos, foi resultado do esforço empreendido para se diferenciar dos modelos típicos de adultos com os quais as crianças estavam habituadas. A construção desse lugar implicou a atenção para os processos em curso nos grupos observados e o interesse genuíno em compreender a perspectiva infantil. Isso torna possível diminuir o hiato entre as percepções dos adultos e das crianças nas pesquisas em educação.
Quase secularização: um estudo sobre as relações entre a cultura brasileira, a religiosidade popular e a laicidade da escola pública
Authors: Fiori Eneida Da Silva , Sangenis Luiz Fernando Conde
Published: January 2023

As investigações em torno da laicidade do estado e da escola pública criaram o consenso de que a sociedade brasileira apresenta dificuldades para atomizar-se estritamente ao campo político sem a interveniência da esfera da religião. Importa, agora, pensar as causas que podem explicar as razões para que o processo de secularização/desencantamento, no contexto brasileiro, se configure diferenciado. Argumentamos que a teoria da secularização, elaborada em sociedades cristãs europeias, não tem a mesma eficácia teórica para explicar outros processos de secularização em sociedades não europeias. A cultura brasileira, além do cristianismo, formou-se a partir de diversas matrizes religiosas, a indígena e a africana, num imbricado processo de sincretização. Destacamos a influência africana, particularmente a tradição religiosa nagô-yorubá, que permeou o complexo cultural brasileiro. Mesmo em ambientes católicos, ainda hegemônicos, vigora uma compreensão mágica e sacral da realidade. Ao contrário do que se esperaria, o mundo continua encantado e permeado por forças sobrenaturais que inibem a potência secularizante do cristianismo.
Anarquia, feminismo e educação: estudos sobre a vinculação do papel da mulher nas páginas do periódico “a vida”
Authors: Miriani Stabile Eduarda , De Oliveira Gomes Marco Antônio
Published: January 2023

Objetiva-se, neste artigo, compreender as percepções sobre o papel feminino nas páginas do periódico “A Vida”, publicado entre 1914 e 1915 na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Deste modo, ao analisar a imagem da mulher nas páginas de um periódico anarquista, buscamos fazê-lo de forma a compreender o objeto de pesquisa a partir das contradições de uma sociedade que se urbanizava, que negava direitos aos trabalhadores e que trazia a herança do passado colonial marcado pelo patriarcalismo. Para o movimento anarquista, o futuro da humanidade requer a superação de toda forma de autoridade e o fim da exploração do homem pelo homem. Assim, com o propósito de formar a consciência de um novo homem, inúmeras pessoas dedicaram-se à divulgação da doutrina anarquista. Em relação ao papel da mulher, apesar das discussões pautadas na defesa delas, percebe-se ainda os limites de sua atuação dentro do movimento operário. Nenhum artigo foi publicado por uma mulher no período estudado.
O que dizem os alunos sobre o uso de Mapas Mentais e Mapas Conceituais para sua aprendizagem?
Authors: Miranda Ana Telma da Silva , Valle Mariana Guelero do
Published: January 2023

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as percepções dos alunos sobre a construção de Mapas Mentais e Mapas Conceituais destacando as características individuais de cada um. A pesquisa foi realizada com trinta e seis alunos do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública de São Luis/MA.  Para coleta de dados foram utilizados questionários, respondidos pelos participantes após vivencias com a construção de mapas em sala de aula. Os dados foram analisados segundo o referencial da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados apontam que os alunos compreenderam as finalidades dos mapas como recursos de apoio a aprendizagem. Alguns apresentaram dificuldades na construção de Mapas Conceituais, devido a necessidade de seguir as regras de elaboração pela falta de prática. Na percepção deles, a utilização dos Mapas Mentais ajuda na organização das ideias e, de forma geral o processo de elaboração de mapas, sejam mentais ou conceituais podem facilitar o processo de aprendizagem.
Pobreza e desigualdade social: o que pensam estudantes do ensino médio e superior
Authors: Bessa Sônia , Saravali Eliane Giachetto , Fermiano Maria Belintane
Published: January 2023

A pobreza é um fenômeno social complexo que compromete o desenvolvimento econômico, cultural, político e social de um país, atingindo milhões de pessoas em todo o planeta. Com o objetivo de investigar como alunos do ensino médio e universitários do curso de Pedagogia pensam a respeito de fenômenos socioeconômicos relacionados à pobreza e à desigualdade social, conduziu-se investigação com 118 estudantes do curso de Pedagogia e do ensino médio, de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 15 e 51 anos, de níveis socioeconômicos baixo, médio e alto, pertencentes a duas instituições de ensino particular, localizadas em cidade do interior de Goiás. O instrumento utilizado foi uma entrevista clínica individual que permite verificar três níveis de compreensão dos fenômenos econômicos. Os resultados apontam que 53,4% dos participantes apresentam respostas características do nível IB, ou seja, crenças pautadas na meritocracia e no esforço individual, demonstrando incompreensão de políticas estruturais na construção de uma sociedade mais equânime. Respostas características do nível II foram encontradas em 36,4% da nossa amostra; nelas percebe-se que os sujeitos conseguem estabelecer vinculações entre a hierarquia das profissões e a remuneração, mas não compreendem a relação entre poder e exploração. Observa-se, também, a presença da ideia de oportunidades, porém sem a compreensão de ações que impõem obstáculos às mudanças sociais. Somente 7,6% dos estudantes encontram-se no nível III em que verifica-se uma concepção mais complexa dos diferentes níveis socioeconômicos, a presença de concepções de poder e exploração e o estabelecimento de relações entre sistemas distintos. No caso destes participantes, a desigualdade é analisada como produto de variáveis históricas, econômicas e relações de poder e dominação. O presente estudo identificou, ainda, que fatores como idade, gênero, ocupação, nível socioeconômico e acadêmico não foram bons preditores de melhores ou piores níveis de compreensão dos fenômenos econômicos.
Detoksifikasi Aluminium dan Ketersediaan Fosforus dalam Tanah Masam Melalui Aplikasi Bahan Organik
Authors: Indriyati Lilik Tri , Nugroho Budi , Hazra Fahrizal
Published: January 2023

Organic matter that is usually quite widely available around farmers' land can be one of the solutions in overcoming the problem of soil acidification and nutrient deficiencies in tropical highly weathered soils. However, one of the main problems in utilizing such organic matter on acidic soils is the diversity of its chemical composition, which affects the decomposition of the organic matter. In this study, a mixture of soil with five types of organic matter was incubated, namely cow manure, chicken manure, rice straw, legume plant residue, and their combination, with doses equivalent to 0, 7.5 and 15 tons/ha. Mixtures of soil with organic matter were incubated for 120 days under conditions of field capacity moisture. The aim was to evaluate the amelioration effect of the organic matter on soil acidification (exchangeable-Al and soil pH), available P, and phosphatase activity. The application of organic matter type and dose has a marked effect on decreasing the content of exchangeable Al and increasing soil pH, P-available, and phosphatase activity. Chicken manure application showed the best effect in lowering soil exchangeable-Al and increasing pH, available-P, and phosphatase activity.

 

Keywords: amelioration, manure, phosphatase