bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of arthroscopically assisted Tight-Rope technique and clavicular hook plate fixation treatment in acute high grade acromioclavicular joint separations
Authors: Li Hong-bo , Nie Si , Tang Zhi-ming , Liao Xin-gen , Lan Min
Published: April 2020

Background: Has the arthroscopically assisted reduction of acute acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations with the tight-rope technique advantages over the clavicular hook plate fixation.Methods: A total of 518 patients with acute high grade AC joint dislocation received ligament reconstruction surgery between February 2015 and June 2017 were included in this study. Of these patients, 28 patients were treated with arthroscopic assisted fixation using Tight-Rope system. In order to compare the treatment results between Tight-Rope technique and clavicular hook plate fixation, each Tight-Rope technique group patients was matched with 3 controls that underwent clavicular hook plate fixation at the same period according to gender, age and diagnosis. Furthermore, the demographics and clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups.Results: All patients had clinical and radiological results available at 2 year or greater, they was statistically significant improvement in the constant score and VAS score at the end of follow up respectively (P < 0.001). Compared with clavicular hook plate group, patients treated with arthroscopic assisted fixation using Tight-Rope system were incurred significant statistically lower skin incision, hospitalization time and estimated blood loss (p <0.001), and the constant score and VAS score at the end of follow up was significant higher in Tight-Rope group (p <0.001).Conclusions: The Tight-Rope technique is advantageous for treating these patients because it is minimally invasive procedure with low complications and superior clinical outcomes.Authors’ Contribution:The first and second author (Hong-bo Li and Si Nie) contributed equally to this study and share the first authorship.
Correlation Analysis of Nodular Sonographic Measurements with Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Liuhua , Zhu Qiaodan , Yao Jincao , Yang Chen , Xu Dong
Published: April 2020

Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid carcinoma, which is prone to cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM). We aim to analyze the correlation between clinical information, ultrasonic (US) measurements of PTC and CLNM. Methods A total of 1335 patients who underwent thyroidectomy and had pathologically confirmed unifocal PTC were enrolled in the retrospective research. Univariate analysis and logistic analysis were performed to predict CLNM in PTC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Results Univariate analysis showed that gender, age, tumour maximum diameter and volume, cross-sectional and longitudinal aspect ratio were related to CLNM (P<0.05). Logistic analysis showed that gender, age, tumour maximum diameter and volume were independent correlative factors. The ROC curve was established based on the correlative factors screened by regression analysis. The AUC of the tumour maximum diameter and volume was 0.738 and 0.733, respectively. ANOVA variance analysis on positive and negative group, tumour maximum diameter and volume, cross-sectional and longitudinal aspect ratio had statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion Independent correlative factors for CLNM in patients with unifocal PTC were younger age, male, larger tumour. For tumour with larger volume, central, lateral or both lymph node metastasis should be checked in advance, it would rule as a guidance to perform FNA for CLNM before surgery.
Comparison of the diagnostic performances of the Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa model, Simple Rules model, and Risk of Malignancy Index for adnexal masses in a gynecological oncology centre in China
Authors: Qian Le , Du Qinwen , Jiang Meijiao , Yuan Fei , Chen Hui , Feng Weiwei
Published: April 2020

Background

This study aimed to compare different ultrasound-based International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) prediction models, namely, the Simple Rules (SRs) the Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa (ADNEX) models, and the Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI), for the pre-operative diagnosis of adnexal mass.
Methods

This single-centre, retrospective study of diagnostic accuracy involved 486 patients. All ultrasound examinations were analyzed and the prediction models were applied. Pathology was the clinical reference standard. The diagnostic performances of prediction models were measured by evaluating receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves, sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratios.
Results

To discriminate benign and malignant tumours, areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) for ADNEX models were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92–0.96) with CA125 and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91–0.96) without CA125, which were significantly higher than the AUCs for RMI I-III: 0.87 (95% CI: 0.83–0.90), 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80–0.86), and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78–0.86), (all P < 0.0001). At a cut-off of 10%, the ADNEX model with CA125 had the highest sensitivity (0.93; 95% CI: 0.87–0.97) compared with the other models. The SRs model achieved a sensitivity of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86–0.97) and a specificity of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.82–0.89) when inconclusive diagnoses (11.7%) were classified as malignant.
Conclusion

ADNEX and SRs models were excellent at characterising adnexal masses which were superior to the RMI in Chinese patients.
Increased efficacy of whole lung lavage treatment in alveolar proteinosis using a new modified lavage technique
Authors: Veltkamp M. , Grutters L. A. , Smith E. C. , Casteleijn C. W. , Dongen E. P. van , Ruven H. J. , Vis J. J. van der
Published: April 2020

Background.

Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) is an ultra-rare pulmonary disease. Due to heterogeneity and small patient cohorts, no standardized treatment protocol exists. Whole lung lavage (WLL) is considered the gold standard therapy and aims to remove the highest protein amount by flushing the lung with the lowest possible instilled volume. We report a new protocol for a new modified lavage technique (nMLT) in which controlled repetitive manual hyperinflation (MH) and intermittent chest percussion are used to enhance WLL efficacy.
Methodology.

We included all patients with aPAP treated with nMLT between 2013 and 2018. nMLT consisted of repetitive MH with intermittent chest percussion every third wash cycle. We reported: instilled and recovered volume, protein concentration, and optical density (OD) using spectrophotometry. Pulmonary function (FVC %predicted and DLCO %predicted) and serum biomarkers (LDH, CA 15 − 3, SP-D, and YKL-40) two months prior and post nMLT, and one year after nMLT treatment were evaluated. Data are displayed as mean (± SD) or median [IQR]. Comparisons were made using Student t-test and Wilcoxon test.
Results.

We included 11 patients (64% male) in whom a total of 65 nMLTs were performed. One nMLT consisted of 15 [12–18] wash cycles. Protein removal was 9.80 [7.52–12.66] grams per nMLT. After 3–4, 6–7, and 9-10L of instilled and recovered volume 56 [49–61] %, 81 [77–84] % and 91 [88–94] % of protein was removed respectively. OD was measured 116 times and increased from 1.13 (± 0.52) to 1.31 (± 0.52) after MH (p < 0.001). Our study also showed that pulmonary function improves after WLL with nMLT. Improvement of biomarkers was only reflected by CA 15 − 3. No adverse events related to the procedure were observed.
Conclusion.

Efficacy of WLL seems to be enhanced by using manual hyperinflation and applying this every third cycle. Our technique of WLL with nMLT could be used to increase the amount of protein recruited while instilling the lung with the smallest volume of fluid as possible. The duration of anesthesia and the risk of complications is thereby reduced.
Caring for Sexual and Gender Minority Patients: What Factors Explain Self-Reported Competence among Health Care Professional Students?
Authors: Pratt-Chapman Mandi L. , Potter Jennifer
Published: April 2020

Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex people comprise approximately 5% of the U.S. population, yet health care professional student education on sexual and gender minority (SGM) health is sparse. This study explored the degree to which sociodemographic factors and student affiliation with SGM people explained self-reported competence in caring for SGM patients. Methods: This study sought to define Reduced Models from an eight-variable Full Model that explained a meaningful amount (≥ 0.15) of total variance across a sample of health care professional students in terms of six criterion variables: Basic Knowledge, Attitudinal Awareness and Clinical Preparedness (subscales of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Development of Clinical Skills Scale); Attitudes Toward LGBT People Scale (ATLPS); and Beliefs and Behaviors (subscales of the Gay Affirming Practice Scale). Results: Political affiliation, religiosity, and SGM affiliation were predictor variables in half of the Reduced Models. SGM-specific health training hours were included in Reduced Models for Clinical Preparedness and affirming Behaviors. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors, lived experiences, and amount of training in SGM-specific health matter when it comes to health care professional students’ sense of preparedness in caring for SGM patients.
R-curve of La2O3 doped Zirconia Toughened Alumina Composites Prepared via Stereolithography based 3D Printing
Authors: Wu Haidong , Liu W. , Huang Meipeng , Liang Jianwei , An Di , Li Hezhen , Wang Chengyong , Xie Zhipeng , Wu Shanghua
Published: April 2020

In this study, we combined liquid precursor infiltration of high introduction amounts of bi-additives (20wt%) and stereolithography-based 3D printing to fabricate zirconia toughened alumina, and the infiltration systems consist of the four following systems Zr4+/La3+, Zr4+/Er3+, Zr4+/Gd3+, and Zr4+/Ce4+. The sample immersed with Zr4+/La3+ shows intense peaks of m-ZrO2 phase compared to the other samples while a new phase of flake-like LaAl11O18 occurs in the Zr4+/La3+ immersed sample, the existence of which could be confirmed by XRD and EDS. The fracture toughness of the Zr4+/Er3+, Zr4+/Gd3+, and Zr4+/Ce4+ samples remained basically unchanged versus the crack size, while the measured fracture toughness values for the Zr4+/La3+ system could be fitted as a rising R-curve behavior with the steady-state fracture toughness of 17.76 MPa·m1/2. The enormous enhancement of the toughness could be attributed to thermal expansion misfit and flake-like LaAl11O18 in the Zr4+/La3+ system. The effect of residual stresses on the fracture mode and thus the toughness is discussed on the basis of theoretical calculation and analysis. It is the first time a rising R-curve behavior is observed in the 3D printed ceramics. The shocking discovery provides a highly effective toughening way in 3D printing combined infiltration approach.
Investigation of instinctive defects in nitrogen enrich lanthanum silicon oxynitride glasses
Authors: Ali Sharafat , Hakeem Abbas Saeed , Höche Thomas , Drmosh Qasem Ahmed , Khan Amir Azam , Jonson Bo
Published: April 2020

Oxynitride glasses are not yet commercialised primarily due to the impurities present in the network of these glasses. In this work, silicon and silicide defects in nitrogen-rich La-Si-O-N glasses were investigated. Glasses were prepared by heating powder mixture of La metal, Si 3 N 4 , and SiO 2 in a nitrogen atmosphere at 1650-1800°C. The obtained glasses containing an unprecedented amount of N content of up to 68 e/o and La up to 62 e/o in the glass network which reveals a broader glass-forming region in the system than previously reported. The microstructure and impurities in the glasses were examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in conjunction with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Analyses showed that the glasses contain a small amount of spherical La silicides particles, mostly amorphous or poorly crystalline, and having sizes typically ranging from 1 µm and less. The amount of silicide was estimated to be less than 2 vol.%. There was no systematic relation between silicide formation and glass composition or preparation temperature, but it was found that particle size decrease with increasing holding time. The limited transparency of high N-containing glasses is expected to have attribution of elemental Si and microscopy analyses, and Raman spectroscopy ascertained silicide particles. Furthermore, a metallic silicide formed by the decomposition of silicon oxide and silicon nitride, then the subsequent reaction of Si and La.
Value of biomarkers in distinguishing indeterminate core needle biopsy samples of thyroid nodules
Authors: Xiong Yan , Liang Li , Yan Limin , Li Dong , Li Xin , Di Jiting , Zheng Yalin , Huang Sixia , Li Ting
Published: April 2020

Background: Core needle biopsy (CNB) is now more frequently used for the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Based on morphology alone, 5%-20% of CNB samples cannot be determined as malignant or benign. Compared to fine-needle biopsy (FNB), samples collected by CNB are more accessible for various tests. Therefore, studying the application of biomarkers in distinguishing indeterminate CNB samples of thyroid nodules is a practical need. Methods: Patients with thyroid nodules with both CNB and matched resected specimens were reviewed. Cases classified as indeterminate lesions, follicular neoplasms and suspicious for malignancy were retrieved. All CNB samples were stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using antibodies against CK19, Galectin-3, HBME-1, and CD56 and detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) using a target panel. With the help of these biomarkers, all CNB samples were reclassified. Taking the classification of resected specimens as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of each biomarker for discriminating malignancy from benignity were calculated. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 93.55%, 60.00%, 93.55%, 60.00% and 88.89% for CK19; 93.55%, 40.00%, 90.63%, 50.00% and 86.11% for Galectin-3; 77.42%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 41.67% and 80.56% for HBME-1; 66.13%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 32.26% and 70.83% for CD56; and 91.94%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 66.67% and 93.06% for pathogenic mutation. Conclusions: The application of biomarkers is very effective in distinguishing indeterminate CNB samples of thyroid nodules. Gene testing by NGS using a target panel has very high accuracy. The limitation of tumor quantity is the main reason for the weakened power of NGS. IHC plays an important role in cases with negative NGS results. The combination of NGS and IHC is a reliable “rule in” test for malignancy.
Do breastfeeding practices correlate with childhood diarrhoea? Multiple data analyses using national surveys in Ghana
Authors: Tampah-Naah Anthony Mwinilanaa
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND Breastfeeding as a natural intervention tends to have a protective effect on the occurrence of diarrhoea in children. In environments where breastfeeding is suboptimal coupled with the early introduction of complementary foods, children are at a higher risk of experiencing diarrhoea. This study examined whether breastfeeding practices are associated with childhood diarrhoea in Ghana using multiple secondary datasets. METHODS The study used data from GDHS 2003, 2008 and 2014 individual datasets. These datasets contain data on women and issues related to children who were two years of age (0-23 months). An appended weighted sample of 4,675 mother-child pairs was used for the analyses. Thus, logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of explanatory variables that were considered as potential confounders on the association between breastfeeding practices and childhood diarrhoea. RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed that children who were not exclusively breastfeeding had higher odds of experiencing diarrhoea. With the multilevel logistic analysis, breastfeeding practices and risks of diarrhoea among children revealed significant associations. CONCLUSIONS Findings for this study further affirms to the protective effect breastfeeding has against childhood diarrhoea in relation to the Ghanaian context. Exclusive breastfeeding and at times predominant breastfeeding could prevent or minimize diarrhoea compare to non-practice of breastfeeding or partial breastfeeding.
Adaptive dose response pilot study of intravaginal Prostaglandin E2 application in free farrowing sows during parturition
Authors: Bill Ramona , Nathues Heiko , Grahofer Alexander
Published: April 2020

Background The duration of birth is an important factor influencing the survival of piglets and the health of sows. A prolonged parturition is usually treated with oxytocin, even though several undesirable side effects are described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of different concentrations as an intravaginal applied gel in sows. MethodsTwelve sows were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: Group I (control group) application of placebo gel; Group II application of 2.0 mg PGE2; Group III application of 1.0 mg PGE2; Group IV application of 0.5 mg PGE2. The gel was administered intravaginal after the birth of the fourth piglet. Total duration of birth (time between first piglet and last placenta), piglet interval and placenta expulsion duration (time between first and last placenta) were recorded, and each piglet was scored for meconium staining and vitality. Furthermore, stillborn piglets were categorized into ante-partum and intra-partum deaths. Results Although no significant differences between the groups were detected, a beneficial tendency in several parameters was observed in group III. The duration of birth was 284 min (average of 14.3 piglets per litter), whereas in all other groups it was more than 400 min (average of 18.0 piglets per litter). The piglet interval was 10.1 min in group II compared to 10.2 min in group III, 16 min in group IV and 21.4 min in group I. In group III the placenta expulsion duration was 119 min in contrast to the other groups with more than 266 min. Severe meconium staining in more than 10% of piglets was observed in group II and IV. Moreover, piglets of group II showed oedematous and haemorrhagic umbilical cords, lethargy and anoxia, and intra-partum deaths were recorded. Conclusion Although the sample size is limited in this study, it is assumed that an application of 1mg PGE2 intra-partum instead of lower or higher dosages has the most beneficial effects on the birth process in sows and on the vitality of piglets. Further investigation is necessary to confirm the positive effect of PGE2 in daily practise.
Scarce Health-care Resources and Higher Case-fatality Rates Early in an Epidemic: Analysis of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Tianmen.
Authors: Hu Jijia , Zhang Zongwei , Wang Wei , Zhang Yingang , Tian Juan , Shao Ning , Liu Nian , Tao Zhihe , Huang Hao
Published: April 2020

Background Tianmen had the highest case-fatality rate (CFR) among all the cities in China early in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but little is known about the details of the epidemic in Tianmen. Our study aims to reveal the causes of the high CFR from the aspects of clinical features, medical resources, and epidemic situation.Methods In this study, we report the admission and outcomes of 341 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted and hospitalized in the hospital (The First People's Hospital of Tianmen) from January 14 to February 25, 2020. Epidemic information and medical resources across different regions were collected and compared. Results All deaths from COVID-19 in Tianmen occurred in the hospital, and the proportion of patients with critical (8.5%) symptoms in the hospital is higher than the average in China. In addition, the number of affected patients in Tianmen is quite low, but the hospital and the whole city had the highest CFR in the early stage of the epidemic. Completely different from the stable CFR in Hubei Province, the CFR of COVID-19 in the hospital and city dropped dramatically, from the largest value in China to a more average level, within a few days. Analysis of government public documents showed that the per capita medical resources in Tianmen are worse than those of Wuhan and Hubei. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the inadequate capacity to respond to public health emergencies caused by relatively scarce health-care resources is a crucial factor contributing to the higher CFR of infectious diseases in regions with lower economic levels. Such countries and territories should implement strategies earlier to minimize the danger of COVID-19.
Diagnostic accuracy of MRI for detecting cervical invasion in patients with endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis
Authors: Bi Qiu , Bi Guoli , Wang Junna , Zhang Jie , Li Hongliang , Gong Xiarong , Ren Lixiang , Wu Kunhua
Published: April 2020

Background: Clinical management and the prognosis of endometrial cancer is closely related to cervical invasion. The diagnostic performance of MRI for detecting cervical invasion has not been comprehensively assessed. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative assessment of cervical invasion and to analyze the influence of different imaging protocols in patients with endometrial carcinoma.Methods: An extensive search of articles about MRI in assessing cervical invasion in patients with endometrial carcinoma was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials from January 2000 to July 2019. Two reviewers independently evaluated the methodological quality of each study by using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). Diagnostic accuracy results and additional useful information were extracted. Pooled estimation data was obtained by statistical analysis. Results: A total of 42 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant evidence of heterogeneity was found for detecting cervical invasion (I2 = 74.1%, P = 0.00 for sensitivity and I2 = 56.2%, P = 0.00 for specificity). And the pooled sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 0.58 and 0.95 respectively. The use of higher field strength (3.0 T) demonstrated higher pooled sensitivity (0.74). Using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) alone presented higher pooled sensitivity (0.86) than using other sequences. Studies that used dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) alone showed higher sensitivity (0.80) and specificity (0.96) than that used T2-weighted image (T2WI) alone.Conclusions: MRI shows high specificity for detecting cervical infiltration in endometrial carcinoma. Using DWI or a 3.0-T device may improve the pooled sensitivity. The use of DCE-MRI demonstrate higher pooled sensitivity and specificity than T2WI.
Computational screening approaches for investigating potential activity of phytoligands against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Thakur Pallavi , Singh Shivam , Narsingh Swami , Singh Namita , Sharma Rakesh Kumar
Published: April 2020

Objective: SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, a life-threatening respiratory illness with high rates of morbidity and mortality. As on date, there is no specific medicine to prevent or treat COVID-19. Therefore, there is an acute need to identify evidence-based holistic and safe mitigators.Methods: The present study is aimed to screen ligands of herbal origin using rationale based bioprospection analysis and subsequently predict their binding potential subdue the major drug targets for novel Coronavirus by employing computer-aided virtual screening. Further, comparative analysis of the binding potential of an approved chemical analogue and selected herbal ligands were also predicted. The selection of receptors was performed based on their pathophysiological relevance, as assessed by a PubMed based keyword hits matrix analysis. The drug likeliness and ADMETox descriptors of 24 herbal ligands were computationally predicted. Docking studies were further conducted with those phytoligands that qualified these parameters. An existing antimalarial drug, hydroxychloroquine, was also docked with all the selected viral receptors and its theoretical binding energy was set up as a standard for comparison as well as scrutinization of binding energies of the phytoligands. Results: The docking studies suggested that the herbal ligand, namely, gamma-glutamyl-S-allylcysteine demonstrated highly significant binding energies with viral spike glycoprotein, endoribonuclease and main protease (binding energy ≥ -490 kcal/mol for all the tested viral receptors).Conclusion: Gamma-glutamyl-S-allylcysteine demonstrated more significant binding potential as compared to the known chemical analogue, i.e., hydroxychloroquine, as observed in the computational docking studies. This study serves to present pre-eminent information for further clinical studies highlighting the utility of herbal ligands as probable lead molecules for mitigating novel Coronavirus infection.
Pregnancy during the evolving pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A rapid scoping review of evidence in the published literature
Authors: Hasan Md Zabir , Kibria Gulam Muhammed Al , Alam Tasmeer
Published: April 2020

BackgroundWith more than 1 million confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide and more than 50,000 deaths, the pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly evolving. SARS-CoV-2 can also pose a higher risk to pregnant women, due to their immunosuppression during pregnancy. This study investigates the emerging and most UpToDate published scientific literature on the clinical feature and management recommendations for pregnant women with COVID-19.MethodA wide range of published scientific literature was systematically searched from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and “Global research on coronavirus disease (COVID-19)” managed by the World Health Organization, published between 1 January 2019 to 27 March 2020. No limitations were used for geographical location, and articles published in English were included in the review. Results for the eligible studies were charted, analyzed, and presented in a narrative format. ResultOur study identified 52 unique articles, and 29 of those articles were included in this review after fulltext screening. Participants were mostly in their third trimester and presented with fever, dry cough, myalgia, shortness, and difficulty in breathing. Ground-glass opacity in the computerized tomography scan of the chest was the cardinal feature of COVID-19 pneumonia. Except for two participants, severe pneumonia did not occur among pregnant women. Pregnant women with COVID-19 were treated with a wide range of antiviral drugs. Higher episodes of preterm birth and cesarean delivery were observed; however, it cannot be explicitly attributed to the SARS-CoV-2. There is no published evidence on the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Pregnancy with COVID-19 infection must be managed by a collaborative team of healthcare professionals during antenatal, delivery, or postnatal stage. Detailed contact tracing, investigating travel history, radiological assessment, and laboratory tests with regular fetal health monitoring must be done. ConclusionThe emerging evidence of higher perinatal complications puts pregnant women in a further vulnerable condition. Cautiousness is imperative during the clinical management of pregnant women with COVID-19, as there is no approved treatment regime available at this moment. More research is necessary to fill the gaps in the knowledge of the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 among pregnant women.
DÎVÂN GRUBU’NUN ARAP ŞİİRİNİ BİÇİMSEL VE TEMATİK OLARAK DEĞERLENDİRMEDE BAŞVURDUĞU KRİTERLER
Authors: ZOR Salih , GÜNDAY Hüseyin
Published: April 2020

Mısır’ın Fransızlar tarafından işgal edilmesiyle birlikte Arap dünyasında başlayan modern dönüşüm hayatın her alanında olduğu gibi edebiyat sahasında da birçok değişimi beraberinde getirmiştir. Duyguların ifade aracı olan şiir de bu etkilenmeyle geleneksel kalıbından çıkarılarak çağın insanının duygularını aktarabileceği modern yeni kalıplara dökülmeye başlanmıştır. İhya ekolü, Dîvân Grubu, Apollo ekolü gibi dönemin önemli edebiyatçılarının kurdukları topluluklar, Arap şiirinin modernleşme evresinde kilit rol oynayarak Arap şiirinin çağın ihtiyacını karşılayacak yeni bir forma girmesine katkı sağlamıştır. Bu makalede, iki dünya edebiyatını özellikle de İngiliz edebiyatını iyi özümseyerek Arap şiirinin yeni form kazanma sürecinde şiirin biçim ve içeriğinde bulunması gereken unsurları belli kriterler etrafında değerlendirmeye alan Dîvân Grubu’nun yaklaşımları ele alınacaktır.
Ciudades fronterizas México-Estados Unidos
Authors: Vanneph Alain , Revel-Mouroz Jean
Published: April 2020

La extensa frontera México-Estados Unidos posee una especificidad que la diferencia de otras regiones, la organización del espacio urbano a lo largo de la franja fronteriza compuesto por ciudades "gemelas" ubicadas a ambos lados. Desde un enfoque geográfico, en este artículo se analizan diversos elementos económicos, demográficos y sociales que caracterizan a cada par de ciudades vecinas como un solo sistema socio-espacial. Se demuestra la asimetría existente, los contrastes en los paisajes urbanos, así como la creciente interdependencia, característica entre los dos países, manifiesta mayormente en las ciudades "gemelas". La intensidad de la interacción y los intercambios materiales y humanos a través de la línea divisoria llevan a reflexionar sobre la existencia de una frontera dentro de la misma ciudad.
Prensa y filibusterismo en los sucesos de 1911
Authors: Samaniego López Marco Antonio
Published: April 2020

Durante el siglo pasado y mediados del presente, se hizo manifiesto el interés expansionista de empresarios norteamericanos que voltearon sus ojos hacia su frontera sur, en especial hacia Baja California. Basado en un exhaustivo trabajo de revisión hemerográfica de los principales diarios de la época, se realiza un recorrido por los diferentes sucesos que demuestran el continuo asedio de que fue objeto nuestra península y de las diversas posturas que adoptó el capital norteamericano ante los intentos de anexión de este territorio, así como la respuesta que dieron los habitantes de la región. Todo esto enmarcado en los acontecimientos históricos del movimiento magonista y la revolución mexicana.
Antropocentryzm encykliki Laudato si’
Authors: Łepko Zbigniew
Published: April 2020

Artykuł wskazuje na antropocentryzm jako jedną z głównych kategorii encykliki Laudato si’. Stanowi więc klucz do zrozumienia i adekwatnego przyjęcia jej przesłania. Tym samym określa stanowisko papieża Franciszka w dzisiejszym sporze o rozpoznanie przyczyn kryzysu cywilizacji nowożytnej, który wyraża się także w kryzysie środowiska naturalnego. Choć papież wiąże jego przyczyny z antropocentryzmem despotycznym, nie przeciwstawia mu jakiegoś biocentryzmu, lecz antropocentryzm właściwy, czyli osobowy. Taki antropocentryzm stanowi wyraz właściwej antropologii, na podstawie której możliwa jest właściwa ekologia.
Wpływ zjawisk społecznych na współczesny kryzys ekologiczny w świetle encykliki Laudato si’
Authors: Sadowski Ryszard F.
Published: April 2020

Encykliką Laudato si’. W trosce o wspólny dom papież Franciszek podsumowuje bogaty dorobek swoich poprzedników zawarty w wypowiedziach na temat kwestii ekologicznej. Stanowisko papieża Franciszka aktywnie włącza wspólnotę Kościoła katolickiego w główny nurt współczesnej debaty ekologicznej. Wydaje się, że spośród wielu zjawisk społecznych papież wskazuje na kilka, które mają szczególnie znaczący wpływ na współczesny kryzys ekologiczny. Do najważniejszych należy zaliczyć: więź między ubogimi a kruchością naszej planety, kulturę odrzucenia, nowy model postępu oraz nowy styl życia.
Idea zrównoważonego rozwoju w encyklice Laudato si’
Authors: Pawłowski Artur
Published: April 2020

Encyklika Laudato si’ to najważniejszy dokument Kościoła katolickiego ostatnich lat. Poruszając problem zagrożonego prawidłowego rozwoju człowieka, papież Franciszek odwołuje się do koncepcji rozwoju zrównoważonego i integralnego. Wskazuje na powiązanie zagrożeń środowiskowych z kwestiami ogólnorozwojowymi, ekonomicznymi i społecznymi. Podkreśla szczególne znaczenie przepaści, jaka dzieli bogatych od biednych, nawołując do respektowania potrzeb i praw całej rodziny ludzkiej. Wzywa do odrzucenia globalizacji obojętności, przekonując, że zmiana jest możliwa – dla wspólnego dobra nas wszystkich.
Synteza celulaz w hodowlach bakterii Paenibacillus sp. wyizolowanych z ryzosfery
Authors: Dobrzyński Jakub , Sitarek Monika , Słodownik Patrycja , Jankiewicz Urszula , Gozdowski Dariusz , Górska Ewa B.
Published: April 2020

gleby ryzosferowej jabłoni, wiśni i truskawki nawożonej kompostami przygotowanymi na bazie miału z węgla brunatnego z dodatkiem grzybni Basidiomycota, wyizolowano sześć szczepów bakterii względnie beztlenowych, przetrwalnikujących zdolnych do rozkładu celulozy. Na podstawie morfologii, cech biochemicznych i sekwencji 16S rRNA izolaty sklasyfikowano do gatunków z rodzaju Paenibacillus. W pożywkach wybiórczych z dodatkiem bibuły filtracyjnej (FP) i karboksymetylocelulozy (CMC) badane izolaty syntetyzowały enzymy, które hydrolizują celulozę amorficzną i krystaliczną. Badane izolaty w 14 i 28-dniowych hodowlach w pożywce z karboksymetylocelulzą (CMC) produkowały odpowiednio od 0 mU do 10,87 mU oraz od 10,73 do 21,13 mU CMCazy (karboksymetylocelulazy). Najwyższą aktywność enzymów scukrzających celulozę (FPazy) w pożywce z CMC wykazano w 14-dniowych hodowlach P. lautus EG_11 – 75,6 mU, Paenibacillus sp. EG_17 – 57,6 mU oraz P. woosongensis EG_15 – 38,9 mU. W pożywce z dodatkiem bibuły filtracyjnej (FP), najwyższą produkcję CMCazy i FPazy odnotowano w hodowlach P. lautus EG_11 – odpowiednio 79,85 i 118,83 mU.
Liczebność względnie beztlenowych, mezofilnych, przetrwalnikujących bakterii celulolitycznych w glebie spod uprawy drzew owocowych nawożonej kompostem na bazie miału z węgla brunatnego
Authors: Dobrzyński Jakub , Stępień Wojciech , Sitarek Monika , Sas-Paszt Lidia , Słodownik Patrycja , Górska Ewa B.
Published: April 2020

Ekologia względnie beztlenowych, mezofilnych, przetrwalnikujących bakterii celulolitycznych (WBMPBC) jest mało poznana. W literaturze przedmiotu znajdują się tylko nieliczne informacje dotyczące wpływu nawożenia oraz rodzaju uprawianej rośliny na występowanie w glebie WBMPBC. Dlatego celem naszych badań było wykazanie wpływu dodatku do gleby kompostów na bazie miału węgla brunatnego na właściwości chemiczne i liczebność względnie beztlenowych, mezofilnych, przetrwalnikujących bakterii celulolitycznych (WBMPBC) w glebie ryzosferowej i pozaryzosferowej wybranych roślin. Gleba pobrana z obiektów doświadczalnych była słabo kwaśna (pH – 6,2-6,4) i nieznacznie się różniła się zawartością makroelementów. Liczebność badanej grupy drobnoustrojów w glebie zależała od rodzaju kompostu i wynosiła od 9,42 do 3186,9 jtk (jednostki tworzące kolonie) w gramie suchej masy gleby (s. m. gleby). Wszystkie komposty stymulowały liczebność bakterii celulolitycznych w glebie pozarysoferowej. W przypadku ryzosfery kompost zawierający efektywne mikroorganizmy (EM) redukował liczebność WBMPBC. Największą liczebność badanej grupy drobnoustrojów stwierdzono w ryzosferze spod uprawy wiśni, nawożonej kompostem przygotowanym z węgla brunatnego z odpadem po produkcji owocników Pleuretus ostreatus (3186,9 jtk w g. s. m. gleby).
Zgoda domniemana a cele transplantacji
Authors: Ochotny Piotr
Published: April 2020

Autor w swoim artykule zwraca uwagę na problem zgody domniemanej, i szerzej prawo do samostanowienia sięgającego poza granice życia człowieka, w kontekście celów transplantacji. Podstawowy akt prawny zawierający uregulowania dotyczące transplantacji, a mianowicie Ustawa z dnia 01.05.2005 r. o pobieraniu, przechowywaniu i przeszczepianiu komórek, tkanek i narządów (Dz. U. z 2005 r. Nr 169, poz. 1411), wylicza cztery cele, dla których mogą być pobierane komórki, tkanki i narządy ze zwłok ludzkich: diagnostyczny, terapeutyczny, naukowy i dydaktyczny. Zgodnie z art. 5 ust. 1 „pobrania komórek, tkanek lub narządów ze zwłok ludzkich w celu ich przeszczepienia można dokonać, jeżeli osoba zmarła nie wyraziła za życia sprzeciwu”. Zapis ten jest przykładem tzw. zgody domniemanej, na podstawie której przyjmuje się, iż dany człowiek za życia wyraził się aprobująco o możliwości ofiarowania swoich organów, a więc faktycznie nie złożył odpowiedniego sprzeciwu, podważającego domniemanie zgody. Sformułowanie „w celu ich przeszczepienia” wyraźnie wskazuje, że instytucja sprzeciwu ma zastosowanie jedynie w przypadku pobierania tkanek, komórek i narządów w celach leczniczych. Dawca nie ma jednak prawa do wyrażania ewentualnego sprzeciwu wobec pozostałych celów: diagnostycznego, naukowego i dydaktycznego. W celu rozwiązania swoistego impasu prawnego proponuje się rozszerzenie zakresu zgody domniemanej.
Plants with known antagonistic properties against pests: how they influence non-target free-living soil fauna?
Authors: Ilieva-Makulec Kassimira , Bielecki Michał , Makulec Grzegorz
Published: April 2020

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of three plant species with known antagonistic properties against pests on selected free-living species of soil fauna. The direct effects of aqueous extracts (from hemp leaves and garlic pulp) on the survival of representatives of nematodes, potworms and earthworms were studied. In the case of nematodes, the effects of hemp extracts on the egg production, total fertility and juvenile hatching efficiency were also assessed. Moreover the indirect plant impact (in the form of hemp litter added to the soil or through the root system during planting of castor bean) on soil nematodes was studied. The results of the bioassays confirmed the antagonistic effect of the plant extracts. The most sensitive to the hemp extract toxicity were nematodes, less potworms and at least earthworms. The toxicity of the hemp extract showed a clear dependence on its concentration. The garlic extract showed less toxicity to nematodes than the hemp extract did. The incubation of nematode females in the hemp extracts of different concentrations affected the rate of egg laying, the length of reproduction period and the hatching efficiency but did not affect their overall fertility. In soil, both the hemp litter and the castor plants had a positive indirect effect on the numbers of nematodes at least during the experiment.
Filozoficzny realizm między naturą a zdrowym rozsądkiem, część I
Authors: Caro De Mario , Dzwonkowska Dominika
Published: April 2020

W ciągu ostatnich trzech dekad liczba filozofów na całym świecie, którzy określali siebie jako realiści zarówno w tradycji kontynentalnej, jak i analitycznej, stale rosła. W pierwszej części tego artykułu zostaną przedstawione zagadnienia z zakresu współczesnej dyskusji nad realizmem i antyrealizmem. Następnie omówiona zostanie rodzina poglądów, którą można by nazwać “zdroworozsądkowym realizmem”, biorąc pod uwagę jej postawę wobec nauki.
Roles of Medicinal Plants and Constituents in Gynecological Cancer Therapy: Current Literature and Future Directions
Authors: Akkol Esra Küpeli , Dereli Fatma Tuğçe Gürağaç , Sobarzo-Sánchez Eduardo , Khan Haroon
Published: April 2020

:

Gynecologic cancers, including cervical, primary peritoneal, ovarian, uterine/endometrial,
vaginal and vulvar cancers and gestational trophoblastic disease, are characterized by abnormal cell
proliferation in female reproductive cells. Due to the variable pathology of these cancers and the lack
of appropriate screening tests in developing countries, cancer diagnosis can be reported in advanced
stages in most women and this situation adversely affects prognosis and clinical outcomes of illness.
For this reason, many researchers in the field of gynecological oncology have carried out many studies.

:

The treatment of various gynecological problems, which cause physical, biological and psychosocial
conditions such as fear, shame, blame and anger, has been important throughout the history. Treatment
with herbs has become popular nowadays due to the serious side effects of the synthetic drugs used in
treatment and the medical and economical problems caused by them. Many scientists have identified
various active drug substances through in vivo and in vitro biological activity studies on medicinal
plants from the past to the present. While the intrinsic complexity of natural product-based drug discoveries
requires highly integrated interdisciplinary approaches, scientific and technological advances
and research trends clearly show that natural products will be among the most important new drug
sources in the future.

:

In this review, an overview of the studies conducted for the discovery of multitargeted drug molecules
in the rational treatment of gynecological cancers is presented.
Advances in Studies on Stroke-Induced Secondary Neurodegeneration (SND) and Its Treatment
Authors: Datta Aishika , Sarmah Deepaneeta , Kalia Kiran , Borah Anupom , Wang Xin , Dave Kunjan R. , Yavagal Dileep R. , Bhattacharya Pallab
Published: April 2020

Background:

The occurrence of secondary neurodegeneration has exclusively been observed
after the first incidence of stroke. In humans and rodents, post-stroke secondary neurodegeneration
(SND) is an inevitable event that can lead to progressive neuronal loss at a region distant to initial infarct.
SND can lead to cognitive and motor function impairment, finally causing dementia. The exact
pathophysiology of the event is yet to be explored. It is seen that the thalami, in particular, are susceptible
to cause SND. The reason behind this is because the thalamus functioning as the relay center and is
positioned as an interlocked structure with direct synaptic signaling connection with the cortex. As SND
proceeds, accumulation of misfolded proteins and microglial activation are seen in the thalamus. This
leads to increased neuronal loss and worsening of functional and cognitive impairment.

Objective:

There is a necessity of specific interventions to prevent post-stroke SND, which are not properly
investigated to date owing to sparsely reproducible pre-clinical and clinical data. The basis of this
review is to investigate about post-stroke SND and its updated treatment approaches carefully.

Methods:

Our article presents a detailed survey of advances in studies on stroke-induced secondary neurodegeneration
(SND) and its treatment.

Results:

This article aims to put forward the pathophysiology of SND. We have also tabulated the latest
treatment approaches along with different neuroimaging systems that will be helpful for future reference
to explore.

Conclusion:

In this article, we have reviewed the available reports on SND pathophysiology, detection
techniques, and possible treatment modalities that have not been attempted to date.
Nurses' Knowledge and Skills to Manage Patients with Psychological Distress in Emergency Departments
Authors: AlShibi Ahmad N. , Hamdan-Mansour Ayman M.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Identifying and managing patients with psychological distress is a challenge to nurses at emergency departments at hospitals not specialized in psychiatric mental health. This requires that nurses must be equipped with knowledge and skills to fulfill patients’ needs.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study is to identify the knowledge and skills of nurses to manage patients with psychological distress in emergency departments.

Methods:

A convenience sample of 307 registered nurses working at emergency departments completed and returned a package of surveys regarding knowledge and skills to manage patients with psychological distress in emergency departments.

Results:

Although nurses were found to have a high level of knowledge about managing psychological distress, their level of skills was lower. Nurses were found to encounter difficulty in identifying signs and symptoms of patients with psychological distress at emergency departments. A significant and positive correlation was found between nurses’ knowledge and skills (r =.68, p < .001). Statistical and significant differences were found in the knowledge of nursesin relation to their previous experience of receiving training and courses in managing psychological distress (p < .05).

Conclusion:

Nurses need to improve the level of knowledge in order toidentify the psychological and physical signs and symptoms of psychological distress, as well as to be equipped with skills that make them capable tof providing proper care and meeting patients’ needs with psychological distress at emergency departments.
Kesiapan mahasiswa pendidikan matematika dalam praktik pengalaman lapangan di sekolah
Authors: Aminullah Aminullah , Santosa Rusgianto Heri
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesiapan mahasiswa pendidikan matematika se-Kota Mataram dalam melaksanakan Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) di sekolah yang ditinjau dari: kesiapan kompetensi pedagogi mahasiswa dan kesiapan kompetensi kepribadian mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan concurrent embedded strategy of mixed method. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 104 mahasiswa pendidikan matematika yang melaksanakan PPL di sekolah, yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes, daftar ceklis, lembar observasi, dan angket. Analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif kuantitatif dengan kecenderungan kesiapan dalam lima kategori yaitu sangat siap, siap, cukup, kurang, dan sangat kurang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) kompetensi pedagogi mahasiswa masuk kategori cukup, (2) wawasan kompetensi pedagogi masuk kategori siap, (3) kemampuan menyusun RPP masuk kategori siap, (4) kemampuan melaksanakan pembelajaran masih kurang, (5) kemampuan menilai hasil belajar masuk kategori cukup, dan (6) kompetensi kepribadian mahasiswa masuk kategori cukup. The readiness of mathematics education students in mataram city in the teaching practicum at schools AbstractThis study aimed to describe the readiness of mathematics education students in Mataram City in implement the teaching practicum at schools in terms of the pedagogic competence and the personal competence. This study using the approach of the concurrent embedded strategy of mixed methods. The study sample consisted of 104 mathematics education students who carried out the teaching practicum at schools, which was determined using purposive sampling technique. The study instruments consist of a test, checklists, observation sheets, and questionnaires. The data were analyzed by means of the descriptive statistics using readiness tendencies in five categories: very ready, ready, fairly ready, poor, and very poor. The results of the study show that (1) the pedagogical competence of students was in the fairly ready category, (2) the pedagogic competence knowledge was in the ready category, (3) the ability to design lesson plans was in the ready category, (4) the ability to implement teaching was in the poor category, (5) the ability to assess students’ learning achievements was in the fairly ready category, and (6) the personal competence was in the fairly ready category.