bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolução da Indústria Aeronáutica Brasileira Entre as Décadas de 1930 e 1980:
Authors: Sarti Fernando , Ferreira Marcos José Barbieri
Published: December 2024

The Brazilian aeronautical industry began its activities in the 1930s, but only after five decades, in the 1980s, that industry began to gain prominence in the national productive structure and in the international markets. Thus, this article seeks to advance the understanding of the evolutionary process of the Brazilian aeronautics industry, dividing the analysis of this period into three distinct phases. The first phase, which includes the 1930s and the 1940s, is marked by various attempts to implement the aviation industry in Brazil. The second phase, covering the next two decades (the 1950s and the 1960s), is a moment of transition, which is characterized by two opposing movements, on the one hand, the failure of the initiatives of the previous phase and, on the other hand, the establishment of the Centro Técnico de Aeronáutica (CTA), which would provide the foundation for the development of the modern Brazilian aeronautics industry. Finally, the third phase focuses its analysis on Embraer, from its origin, in the late 1960s, until its consolidation in the 1980s, demonstrating that this process had the decisive participation of the National State and resulted in a competitive and modern industrial structure and concentrated in a large national company.
O Correio Aéreo Militar (CAM):
Authors: Aragão Isabel L.
Published: December 2024

This work researches the beginning of the Military Air Mail and the pioneering job of those pilots in providing this service to the Brazilian society. It refers to an enterprise of these air explorers in taking longer flights, through mountains barriers and forests, trying to transport mail to South America exiled cities by the Military Air Mail (MAM). It examines Brazilian Aviation aspects in the the beginning of the last century, when piloting was still an adventure which required daring and courage from those professionals. It records the Army Aviation School, founded in July 10, 1919 and, since then, the formation of the first officers and enlisted pilots, mechanics and observers, besides describing the first airplanes used in the Campo dos Afonsos Aviation School, Rio de Janeiro.
Históricas Contribuições das Escolas Militares para a Consolidação do Ensino da Matemática no Brasil
Authors: Jesus Alessandro Firmiano de , Gonçalves Daverson Antonio
Published: December 2024

The creation and establishment of the Military Schools in the various periods in the history of Brazil contributed significantly to the teaching of mathematics. This science, presented from the first letters of the Jesuits, by their inclusion in academic centers, got in their life cycle institutional features inherited from the military. In this work, which is presented in the form of a literature review, historical notes are identified to the consolidation of higher education in mathematics. The historiography used cadenced periods starting in the colonial age and reached today. The discussion considers the present political, social expectations and cultural movements to relate the degree of scientific development of higher mathematics with the changes and updated proposals by the advance of education in Military Schools.
Juridicidade Administrativa no Comando da Aeronáutica
Authors: Sales Caio Lucio Monteiro
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to analyze the influence of the principle of administrative juridicity in proceedings conducted by the hermeneutic of Internal Control Agent (ACI), under the Command of Aeronautics (COMAER), considering the principle of legality provided for in the Air Force Command Instruction (ICA) 174-1/2007. The methodology used to reach the goal was based on a survey of doctrinal reasoning about concepts relevant to the research, followed by a phase of interpretation and analysis. At that stage there was a consistent reading of the principle of administrative legality, expressed in 174-1/2007 ICA, like administrative juridicity and its application to a case taken from routine administrative Salvador Air Base. The observed, we analyzed the influence of the principle of administrative juridicity in the interpretive activity of the administrative agent for Internal Control in terms of degree of economy attained. It was concluded, at the end, the administrative juridicity influenced the interpretive process conducted by ACI in two basic ways: extending the concept of legality and increasing the level of savings of public funds under the COMAER.
Ocorrências de lesões musculoesqueléticas em pilotos de caça da Base Aérea de Anápolis
Authors: Jacques Simônia Nunes , Ribeiro Darlan Martins
Published: December 2024

Studies with fighter pilots demonstrate that these professionals, undeniably, have been submitted to musculoskeletal discomfort. In order to investigate the influence of the air activity in their lives this study aimed to identify possible musculoskeletal events that affect the fighter pilots at the 1st Air Defense Group (1st ADG).The data was collected individually in the auditorium of the 1st ADG, after the explanation of the purpose of the study, between March 8 and April 8. It was used an adapted version of the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. The survey assessed 20 pilots of the Squadron, using the descriptive statistical analysis for data interpretation and the results showed an incidence in the lumbar spine (low back) as the main discomfort reported by the pilots of the 1st ADG, followed by the cervical spine (neck). Low back pain was also predominant in studies carried out by Brazilian and foreign researchers with pilots of various aviation, and addressed the influence of +Gz force and posture while seated in the cockpit during training missions, as contributing factors for low back pain as well. It is concluded that the most frequent occurrences are related to the lumbar and cervical region.
O impacto da taxonomia do relatório de prevenção nas atividades de segurança de voo
Authors: Volkmer Fernando Luís
Published: December 2024

The research objective was analyzing the Flight Safety Officers (FSO) perception on the use of Prevention Reports taxonomy in Flight Safety activities in Air Corps and Air Bases of Air Operations General Command, from January to May, 2013. In order to carry out the research, the Prevention Reports (RELPREV) and the Aviation Safety Reporting System taxonomy concepts and characteristics were presented. Then, Fleishman and Quaintance work and its taxonomy assessment criteria were approached. The methodology employed included documental research, qualitative comparison of taxonomies and preparation of a questionnaire based on usefulness criterion, addressed to Flight Safety Officers form Air Corps and Air Bases. The results obtained have appointed, according to Fleishman and Quaintance usefulness criterion, that the Prevention Reports taxonomy has improved the flow of information, has created a source of significant information and has contributed to identify dangers and develop prevention actions. It was concluded that the FSO perception on Prevention Reports taxonomy in Flight Safety activities developed by the Links of the Aeronautical Accidents Investigation and Prevention System (SIPAER), which has, as central body, the Aeronautical Accidents Investigation and Prevention Center (CENIPA), was positive. However, it is suggested that a specific training should be provided in the adequate use and management of time in order not to prejudice other prevention activities.
Combate além do alcance visual:
Authors: Gilberto Helmer Barbosa
Published: December 2024

The objective of this research is to evaluate how the complexity factors present in a Beyond Visual Range (BVR) combat arena influenced the achievement of situational awareness and the decision-making process of the F-5M pilots of the Brazilian Air Force (FAB). A field survey was carried out to analyze the perception of the 38 pilots present at EXOP BVR 1-2015. Based on these data, analyzes referring to the process of formation of situational awareness of Endsley (1995) were inferred to the universe of 52 operational pilots in combat with missiles beyond the visual range. The decision-making method of Rasmussen’s (1982) marked the study of the responses of pilots, which focused on the SRK cognitive control model. The analysis of the results highlighted that the eleven factors of complexity showed to the 38 pilots undermined the formation of the situational awareness at level 3, since those hindered the future projections of the squadrons members actions in the arena. However, the same factors influenced the decision-making within the Knowledge-Based Behavior (KBB) model, which evidences actions based on previous knowledge
Análise microscópica pós-queima do material do inserto da tubeira de motor foguete a propelente sólido:
Authors: Reis Ronald Izidoro , Shimote Wilson Kiyoshi , Dollinger Christian Frederico de Avila Von , Pardini Luiz Cláudio
Published: December 2024

In part I of this work the procedure of preparation of samples and important concepts were presented, such as ablation in the motor tubing and also that of ablative and re-radiative thermal protections. In part II, (presented in the this study), the characterization by stereo microscopy, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SNAM) of the CRFC composite used as an insert in the tubing of the S43 engine was performed in the post-burning condition. The analysis by optical microscopy, performed in the region around the throat section, showed that the erosion of the sample was more pronounced on the surface than that observed in the regions farther from the passage of the gas flow. The scanning electron microscopy, performed in the region around the throat section, provided a more in-depth analysis of the morphology of the composite material, allowing to identify details of the reinforcing rods, such as carbon fiber filaments and, in the pyrolytic carbon matrix, the different lamellae deposited by CVD.
Os Grupamentos de Apoio vistos como Centros de Serviços Compartilhados
Authors: Campos Rodrigo Souza
Published: December 2024

In 2016, Support Groups (GAP) were implemented to support the back office of other units. In this context, this research was structured with the objective of identifying the relationship between the business model of the Support Groups and the Shared Services Centers. Thus, it was resercheached the legislation affects the GAP business model: Internal Notice Nº 4/GC3, from 2015; DCA 11-45; PCA 11-110; MCA 21-1; MCA 172-3 and MCA 172-4. The bibliography on Business Model Canvas and Shared Services Centers (CSC) was also searched. Therefore it was possible to identify the characteristics that make up the GAP and CSC business models, and the comparable ones in both models. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the GAP business model has the similarity relationship as the CSC under the Customer Segments, Value Proposition, Channels, Customer Relationship, Revenue Sources, Main Features, Activities Key Partnerships, and Cost Structure.
O conceito de liderança pela perspectiva de cadetes do curso de formação na Academia da Força Aérea
Authors: Carlino Eliana Prado
Published: December 2024

This article aims to analyze the concept (s) of leadership from the perspective of the cadets of the Air Force Academy. Because it is a subject worked on in different instances of cadet formation and, also in the Teaching Division, the leadership theme has been causing many questions, from our view as a teacher of a school subject that works on this theme. With this intention, our methodological resource was to listen to cadets of the Third and Fourth Squadrons that were part of the Cadet Corps Leadership Chain and that played the role of adapters of the First Squadron, in the Military Adaptation Stage. Through their narratives and autobiographical interviews, we try to understand how they conceive their leadership and their perception of their practice when exercising it in relation to other cadets. The data obtained showed that the vision of leadership that they have is very close to that of common sense, and that despite the ability to reflect on their reality, the cadet does not find a suitable space, within his training, to narrate such experiences, which can prevent the awareness of these situations, as well as the possibility of reframing them.
Implantação e automatização do laboratório de medições de compatibilidade eletromagnética para prestação de serviços aos Institutos de Pesquisa do Comando da Aeronáutica e empresas do setor aeroespacial
Authors: Oliveira Sérgio Baptista de , Santos Carlos do Nascimento
Published: December 2024

This article aims to present the technical tests of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in an equipment, minimizing the electromagnetic interference (EMI) in its normal operation for which it was designed, performed in a military area laboratory, at a development level, according to international technical standards. This laboratory, which is innovative for the Air Force Command in this type of service provision, was implemented and is undergoing automation with the use of specific softwares, developed to scan the execution of the frequency range that is repetitive during the processing of certain types of tests required by the technical standard. This laboratory was created to serve mainly space projects and military aviation systems of the Air Force Command, but this service can be extended to other military aerospace institutions, such as research institutes, and can even attend development projects in the civil aerospace area. To demonstrate the technical capacity of this innovative and recently implemented laboratory to provide this type of service at EMC, at a development level and with future expectations for accreditation by INMETRO, some tests were carried out in a military space design system of aeronautics, following all levels and standards established and required in a specific international military technical standard, required.
Ferramenta MCAS:
Authors: Luiz Fábio Barbosa Laureano
Published: December 2024

This work is a research communication about human factors (HF), specifically on workload, related to the Air Traffic Safety Electronic Personnel (ATSEP), which in Brazil are mostly the technicians of Brazilian Airspace Control System (SISCEAB), responsible for the maintenance of the Communications, Navigation, Surveillance / Air Traffic Management (CNS / ATM) resources. All user of the Brazilian air transport system, which goes from the passenger to the aircraft commander, passing through the air traffic control agencies, the air navigation and airport infrastructure, depend on safe, available and reliable CNS/ATM. In this sense, the Maintenance Climate Assessment Survey (MCAS) tool, used in the aerial squadrons of the US naval aviation to measure the maintenance climate, has been adapted to the scenario of SISCEAB technicians, since there are very few studies on Human Factors (HF) related to these professionals, who are directly responsible for the safety, availability and reliability of CNS / ATM resources. This adaptation resulted in an instrument with 14 socio demographic questions, in order to survey the technicians profile, and more 41 on the subjective perception of the maintenance climate. This research communication objective is to present the results of 15 questions, in which 214 participated, from a total of 737 technicians from SISCEAB exposed to the MCAS. This assessment, based on psychometrics, reached Cronbach’s alpha (α) coefficient of 0.814 for items related to aspects of subjective perception, with an emphasis on issues involving the workload of those professionals and the direct relationship with safety in maintenance.
Modelos de negócios no setor espacial:
Authors: Wadovski Rodolfo Castelo Branco
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes the evolution of the business model of a private rocket company, Rocket Lab. In view of the quick transformations of the space sector, where the private sector is increasingly relevant, little is known about the most appropriate business models to deal with new challenges. Through a longitudinal research in Internet archives, we survey the main events in the history of Rocket Lab and use the theoretical model CANVAS to analyze the evolution of the company’s business logic. The results indicate that the value proposal remained the core of the company’s business model, undergoing minor adjustments. At the same time, the other components of the business model have undergone more significant adaptations over time to meet the needs of important partners, especially the military.
Poder Aéreo Africano:
Authors: Burgess Stephen
Published: December 2024

The development of an African Airpower Concept starts by identifying the current operating environment and limitations.  After these realities are identified, we lay out airpower requirements and cooperative strategies needed to address the current threats. The concept outlines broad strategic principles common across Africa that could be incorporated into tailored regional strategies.  This concept draws on work done over the past decade by the US Air Force and especially US Africa Command, its air component (African Air Forces) and Air University in partnering with African air forces to develop capacity, capabilities and cooperation. Several African air forces and regional organizations have taken a number of initiatives during the 2010s that reflect some of the Concept’s recommendations.
Alterações musculoesqueléticas em ambiente de microgravidade
Authors: Santos Leandro Emílio Nascimento , Pires Robinson Esteves , Antunes Cláudia Sousa , Kanashiro Ricardo Gakiya
Published: December 2024

The astronaut is an individual who works in a hostile microgravity environment. This abnormal environment changes human physiology in virtually all organ systems. The musculoskeletal system has clinical repercussions that can extend even after the space mission. Knowing the changes in the musculoskeletal system to act before, during and after the space flight is essential, since bone hypotrophy can remain years after returning to Earth Medical intervention aims to reduce the risks of health problems related to the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this study is to perform a bibliographic review to identify musculoskeletal changes in the microgravity environment and to describe prevention and treatment measures during and after aerospace travel.
Gestão de segurança e plataformas digitais
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo Alves de
Published: December 2024

In the Brazilian Air Force, as well as in aviation in general, risk management is present in several layers of the organization. There are numerous activities for the prevention of aeronautical accidents, among them are the prevention reports (RELPREV). These reports are prepared by operators who observe any conditions that may generate a risk to the activity and affect flight safety. Currently, they can only be made physically or through computers made available at Air Bases. Considering the current dependence that people currently have on mobile devices, especially smartphones, combined with the practicality that this tool provides for the user, this work carried out a study in the data collection process and developed a web application, aiming at the application of prevention reports.
A análise do Geodireito no espectro da Guerra da Ucrânia e os desafios prospectivo
Authors: Góes Guilherme Sandoval , Dias Thiago dos Santos
Published: December 2024

This article aims to discuss the need to reformulate the GeoLaw, epistemological basis between Law and Geopolitcs, into the international relations based on the analysis of the Ukraine War and the risks of not using them for the effectiveness of the United Nations system. In this way, the conception of the United Nations and its bodies is approached, adopting the deductive method, through bibliographic and documentary research, to which it is verified the presence of possible legal responses that were not used by foreign policy makers around the globe, impacting the effectiveness of the system.
Criação de um programa Anti G-LOC na FAB para a operação da aeronave F-39 Gripen
Authors: Morais Rafael Rodrigo Mancin de
Published: December 2024

The F-39 aircraft is being incorporated into the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) and brings with it maneuvering capabilities of up to 9G (nine times the force of gravity). Thus, Brazilian pilots will be subject to the effect of G-LOC (G-induced loss of consciousness), which would be the loss of consciousness due to G-force, extremely dangerous and common in high-performance aircraft. This article argues that the creation of a structured program “Anti G-LOC” in the FAB, through classes, physical training, centrifuge training and performance monitoring, is necessary to guarantee the safe operation of the F-39 Gripen aircraft. First, it is argued that several air forces around the world have initiated programs to prevent G-LOC and achieved positive results in this regard. They used the centrifuge, in a controlled environment, to increase the pilot’s tolerance to G, with training and execution of AGSM breathing maneuvers (Anti G Straining Maneuver), classes for crew awareness and anaerobic physical training. Secondly, the analysis of data collection, due to the large number of personal variables involved such as age, physical type, flight experience, etc., proved to be extremely important so that the knowledge produced could be reinvested in the programs themselves in order to improve them. them, considering that several studies lacked more data for their validation. Therefore, with the creation of an Anti G-LOC program, the FAB will invest in the Flight Safety of the F-39 Gripen, preventing accidents, saving material losses and safeguarding lives. Furthermore, the development and improvement of the program will serve as a reference for new studies to be initiated in the Armed Forces and in Brazil.
Editorial
Authors: Pires Karina Coelho , Lopes Gills Vilar
Published: December 2024

Editorial da Revista da UNIFA v. 35, n. 2, 2022.
Energia alternativa na aviação
Authors: Pereira Breno Ferreira , Souza Luiz Gustavo Antonio de , Cavalcante Camila Bezerra Calherani
Published: December 2024

The current global energy matrix, heavily dependent on fossil fuels, is unsustainable and the main cause of atmospheric pollution and global warming. Air transportation has significantly increased worldwide in recent years. In Brazil, the number of domestic and international flights grew by 69% between 2009 and 2018. The aviation sector contributes approximately 2% to greenhouse gas emissions, a relatively small portion of the total global emissions. In this context, the use of new energy sources in aviation is necessary to mitigate the negative effects of fossil fuel combustion and increase the sustainability of the aviation industry. This article seeks to answer what is the potential for the adoption of alternative energy sources for aviation in the future. The objective of this article is to analyze the challenges and opportunities of alternative energies, examining the current development of these sustainable technologies and the barriers to be overcome in order to compete with the use of fossil fuels. The methodological procedure used is exploratory in nature, based on specialized literature. It is concluded that there are several challenges for all the technologies discussed to become accessible for commercial use. Nevertheless, important steps have been taken, allowing for the emergence of a greater number of technological innovations aimed at a future with less dependence on oil and its derivatives.
Militares fisicamente inativos apresentam percepções de sinais semelhantes aos da síndrome do overtraining
Authors: Silva Daniel Costa Alves da , D’Urso Francisco Lima , Coutinho André Brand Bezerra , Rubini Ercole da Cruz , Marques Neto Silvio Rodrigues , Figueiredo Tiago Costa de , Guimarães Thiago Teixeira
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for numerous diseases and, paradoxically, can also be a risk factor for symptoms of overtraining syndrome (OTS). Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the physical activity levels of military personnel and compare these levels with the symptoms of OTS. Methods: The sample consisted of 95 military personnel (29.6 ± 1.1 years; 27.5 ± 3.7 kg/m2) participating in a career course, which were divided into (inactive)IN, (active)AT and (very active) VA. The Overtraining Questionnaire (OTQ) was applied, in addition to an anamnesis and the short version of the IPAQ to characterize and stratify the sample. The comparison between the means of the scores obtained in the questionnaires was performed using ANOVA of one entry with Tukey's post-hoc when necessary. Results: The results revealed that 41% of the military were IN, 40% AT and 19% VA. ANOVA indicated a significant difference in QOT scores between IN (38.62 ± 17.58) and VA (29.06 ± 11.65) (p=0.04). Conclusion: It is concluded that most of the military had adequate levels of physical activity, however, the IN showed more evident symptoms of OTS when compared to the VA. Although this subject is controversial, the literature is already well established that OTS does not only involve issues related to exercise. Other stressors, such as sleep and psychological stress, for example, when associated, can serve as triggers for physical and mental exhaustion, regardless of the level of physical activity.
Perfil profesional en ciberseguridad y ciberdefensa: un ejercicio exploratorio de conceptualización
Authors: Ararat Paula Alejandra Prieto , Ortiz Zully Ximena Rojas , Hernández Fabio Andrés Cruz , Pantoja Aida Hurtado
Published: December 2024

In this document, an exploration exercise in academic literature is developed where the issues related to cybersecurity and cyberdefense are addressed, particularly an attempt has been made to identify the main characteristics or positions of different authors in relation to the different professional profiles that may join this field. Not only functions, disciplines or knowledge associated with the military scene have been characterized, giving an academically objective perspective, multidisciplinary proposals have been reviewed. For this, documents in different databases and from different countries have been consulted where it has been established that the professional profile of cybersecurity and cyberdefense is related to fields of the human and social sciences of engineering, security sciences and other fields of technique and superior technique.
Estudo da Operação Fath Ol-Mobeen e o Poder Aéreo na Guerra Irã-Iraque
Authors: Campos Thiago Gealh de
Published: December 2024

This article presents a case study on Operation Fath Ol-Mobeen, which took place in the context of the Iran-Iraq War that began in 1980. The operation was a major counter-offensive launched by Iran in 1982 to regain the oil-rich region of Khuzestan from iraqi military forces. The theme focuses mainly on the role played by Air Power during the operation, offering a detailed view of the geopolitical context, the structure and strategies of the air forces involved and the crucial events that led to the results of the operation, favorable to Iran. In order to avoid the possibility of subjectivity of speculative character in the analyses, the study was based on facts and evidence collected from historical and documental research, which include in each partial conclusion, summaries and condensations of the matter studied. In its prescriptive part, it concludes with important lessons extracted from the operation, which are vital for the improvement and preparation of air forces in scenarios of interstate armed conflicts, notably regarding the efficient use of its capacities in a dissuasive perspective, instead of punishing the adversary as a strategic option to avoid an escalation of the armed conflict and its prolongation due to attrition.
Terceira Era Espacial: Brasil e as barreiras tecnológicas
Authors: Dal-Berto Vanessa Redel
Published: December 2024

The third Space Age represents an important movement by international actors towards outer space operations in the 21st century. Having artifacts in orbit, such as satellites, is an important example of how it is possible to obtain strategic gains in the international system. In view of this scenario, the article aims to discuss the impacts that technological barriers may have in Brazil and how the absence of these sensitive technologies hinders its technological development and its space policies. Brazil was one of the first South American States to develop space operations, however, in recent decades, it has faced the scientific and technical delay of its aerospace industry.
Tendências e perspectivas jurídicas no Direito Espacial:
Authors: Julião Ana Luiza de Abreu , Silva Carlos Eduardo José da , Silva Eduarda Cristina dos Santos
Published: December 2024

This systematic literature review article explores the intricate legal issues associated with the exponential development of outer space exploration and utilization. With the increase in space activities such as satellite launches and mineral resource exploration, legal challenges arise, including the regulation of peaceful space usage, management of space debris, and establishment of rules for extraterrestrial resource appropriation. Cross-border jurisdiction and responsibility issues also gain prominence. The study evaluates the influence of technological transformations on Space Law, aiming to ensure an effective legal framework for space exploration. Based on the PRISMA Protocol and utilizing the computational tool Bibliometrix, the study compiles contemporary discussions on space activities, contributing to legal literature and providing insights for policymakers and legal professionals. It delves into the regulation of human activities in space, liability for damages, governance of extraterrestrial resources, and implications of technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI). The article also discusses challenges such as defining outer space boundaries, militarization of AI, and dispute resolution. The article underscores the importance of updated regulations, international cooperation, and a balance between regulation and technological innovation. The systematic review offers a comprehensive overview of legal trends in the field of Space Law, contributing to its evolution in the face of emerging legal complexities.
Evaluating public policy exception in personal status matters: A critical study in the context of regulation and law
Authors: Alnusair Fayez , Alhajaya Nour , Kandeel Moustafa Elmetwaly , Kandil Said Elsayed
Published: December 2024

The amendments to United Arab Emirates (UAE) Federal Law No. 30 of 2020 altered Article 27 of the Civil Transactions Law to avoid excluding the application of foreign laws when these oppose Islamic law and public policy (Dubai Court of Cassation, Civil Chamber, Case No. 592/2023, 2024). This paper addresses the answer to a question related to the extent of the success of the Emirati legislator in achieving a balance between the supposed role of public policy exception and protecting the foundations, values, and principles of Emirati society when considering cases that contain a foreign element. To answer this question, we followed the analytical approach, where we analyzed the aforementioned legal amendments. In this paper, it is argued that these amendments contradict the role of public policy on issues of private international law. Alternative solutions are suggested which, while not entirely removing the concept of public policy, encourage a reduction in the applicability of the public policy. With these solutions, the judge would have the power to rely upon public policy when a minimum threshold is present in the judge’s home nation, or through the application of the principle of proportionality between the provisions of foreign law and fundamental human rights (Al-Qudah, 2023).
An early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centers
Authors: González Marín Clara Inés , Arias Castaño Enrique , Durango Isaza Diana Carolina , Garzón Ríos John Sebastián , Rodríguez López Ana Isabel
Published: December 2024

This research emerged from the need of consolidating a meaningful bilingual methodology for children from three- to five-years-of-age from low socioeconomic backgrounds belonging to the public education system, where they could start learning English and Spanish by means of a bilingual methodology that provides them with the same opportunities as middle to high class children. Its aim is to implement an Early Sequential Bilingual Methodology Model in a public Early Childhood Development Center - ECDC (Centro de Desarrollo Infantil - CDI), collect data from class observations, student’s responses, teachers and English teachers’ views as well as parents’ perceptions, to consolidate the model, contributing to the modification of the actual Colombian bilingual policy so to include early childhood. Likewise, it will provide children with new opportunities to develop higher cognitive and neuronal skills that can maximize their academic performance throughout their school years. This present Early Sequential Bilingual Model is a descriptive case study funded by the Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira and was implemented in a public ECDC (CDI) in Pereira (Risaralda-Colombia) based on the bilingual methodological proposals portrayed by Rodao (2011) and Arias et al. (2015). This research project depicts and systematizes the most predominant methodological techniques used when teaching English at public ECDCs (CDIs) and interprets their effectiveness based on the data collected from surveys, interviews, observations and field notes, as well as early childhood teachers, researchers, English teachers and parents’ perceptions towards the methodology and implementation.
Protocolo de revisão de escopo: a experiência internacional no desenvolvimento e produção de vacina para Covid-19
Authors: Gomes Barbosa Junior Valdir , Naira Valente Mayrink Bisinoti Nadja , Barbosa Camargo Erika , Vasconcellos Ferreira Cristiano , Aparecida Souza Machado Bruna
Published: December 2024

Introdução
O rápido desenvolvimento de vacinas eficazes contra a COVID-19 demonstrou a importância da ciência para a manutenção e preservação da saúde pública, bem como a importância do investimento em Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento (P&D) na área biomédica. o objetivo desta revisão é investigar as estratégias e políticas públicas adotadas pelos países que lideraram a corrida pelo desenvolvimento e oferta da vacina contra COVID-19, quanto à estrutura industrial, tecnológica e científica, e os mecanismos para fomento à pesquisa e à produção, em comparação com as ações efetivadas pelo Brasil.
Métodos
A partir dos dados coletados em uma busca inicial, onde artigos e bases de dados governamentais e não governamentais foram analisados, foram definidos os países alvo do estudo. Sendo assim, a seleção dos países a serem estudados nesta revisão considerou como parâmetros a nação sede das empresas que ofertaram vacinas para o Brasil, combinado com a relevância da participação na oferta mundial da vacina contra COVID-19. O protocolo desta revisão de escopo ficará disponível na plataforma Open ScienceFramework https://osf.io/3n754/?view_only=b39819063a9149d5b648ac 0bfac8801c .
Resultados
No total 390 artigos foram encontrados na busca, após removidas 15 duplicatas, 375 artigos foram submetidos a leitura de título e resumo. No total 176 foram para leitura completa e 25 artigos foram incluídos no estudo. A escolha dos 5 países selecionados irá permitir um recorte adequado para esta pesquisa. Diversos países no mundo possuem inciativas bem-sucedidas no que se refere ao desenvolvimento e produção de vacinas. Entretanto, ficou evidente que a rápida oferta de vacinas para COVID-19 provavelmente está associada a um conjunto de políticas públicas e arranjos institucionais sólidos, ou a pujança de ações da iniciativa privada. Vale ressaltar que serão coletados dados sobre o Brasil, pois abarca o lócus de análise que busca compreender o porquê não foi possível implementar de forma ágil um processo de desenvolvimento e produção, quando comparado aos outros países selecionados. Vale destacar que, em que pese o cenário de compras da vacina da Pfizer, foi implementado o início de uma produção nacional fundamentadas em transferência de tecnologia e encomendas tecnológicas executadas por Biomanguinhos e Butantan.
Discussão e conclusões
 A revisão de escopo será elaborada a partir de dois elementos centrais: atores e ações. Os atores são órgãos públicos ou privados que atuaram no financiamento, desenvolvimento e produção das vacinas. Já as ações, compreendem as políticas públicas, instrumentos de fomento e estratégias empresariais relevantes para consolidar a análise proposta pela pergunta de pesquisa.
Impacto das Novas Indicações de trastuzumabe deruxtecano após Registro Inicial pela ANVISA
Authors: Carvalho Borin Marcus , Michel Barbosa Mariana , Teixeira Tupinambás Júlia , Bruschi Kelles Silvana Marcia
Published: December 2024

Introdução
No momento do registro de um medicamento no Brasil, os dados usados para aprovação são baseados em estudos com uma população específica, o que limita o número de pessoas que poderiam usar o medicamento. No entanto, é comum a expansão da indicação para outras condições clínicas com o passar do tempo. Considerando que os preços de novos medicamentos para condições clínicas sem alternativas terapêuticas são relativamente altos e não são revisados após a sua aprovação, o impacto financeiro é crescente e acentuado. Esse estudo teve como objetivo de avaliar o impacto econômico da expansão da indicação de trastuzumabe deruxtecano.
Métodos
Calculamos o custo anual para tratar todos os pacientes brasileiros com as indicações listadas para o trastuzumabe deruxtecano no momento do registro e com acréscimo de todas as indicações de bula. A população elegível foi estimada a partir de dados epidemiológicos dos documentos de reembolso do Comitê Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias no SUS e de um ensaio clínico que comparou o trastuzumabe deruxtecano com o trastuzumabe emtansina. Os custos foram calculados utilizando o preço da Câmara de Regulação do Mercado de Medicamentos da ANVISA (CMED) e estimado um peso médio de 70 kg/paciente.
Resultados
Em janeiro de 2022, o trastuzumabe deruxtecano foi introduzido no Brasil para pacientes com câncer de mama metastático ou irressecável positivo para o receptor 2 do fator de crescimento epidérmico humano (HER2) que haviam recebido dois ou mais regimes de tratamento anti-HER2. Em junho de 2022, a indicação foi expandida para pacientes com câncer de mama metastático ou irressecável positivo para HER2 que haviam recebido um regime de tratamento anti-HER2. Após 5 meses, a indicação foi ampliada para pacientes com câncer de mama metastático ou irressecável com baixa expressão de HER2, que haviam recebido tratamento sistêmico prévio. O número estimado de pacientes elegíveis para o medicamento aumentou de 383 para 23.000, com um custo total aumentando de R$467.970.786 para R$26.048.234.160.
Discussão e conclusões
A expansão das indicações de bula para o trastuzumabe deruxtecano aumentou substancialmente seu impacto financeiro, o que compromete a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de saúde. No Brasil, só há previsão legal para ajustes positivos de preço, previstos para correção pela inflação anual do país. São necessários estudos para incluir ajustes de preços dos medicamentos de acordo com novas indicações, mudanças nas opções terapêuticas para a mesma condição e obsolescência.
Custo-efetividade do uso do método Wolbachia no controle da Dengue na perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)
Authors: Zimmermann Ivan , Ribeiro Alves Fernandes Ricardo , Santos da  Costa Márcia Gisele , Pinto Márcia , Maia Peixoto Henry
Published: December 2024

Introdução
O vírus da dengue (DENV) é um arbovírus transmitido por mosquitos Aedes aegypti, causando condições graves como febre hemorrágica e síndrome de choque da dengue, associadas a consequências sociais, clínicas e econômicas negativas no Brasil. Neste estudo, buscamos estimar a relação de custo-efetividade da implementação do método de substituição de mosquitos com Wolbachia como estratégia de controle da dengue.
Métodos
Conduzimos um estudo de avaliação econômica da implementação do método de substituição de mosquitos com Wolbachia em sete cidades brasileiras: Manaus, São Paulo, Fortaleza, Niterói, Belo Horizonte, Campo Grande e Goiânia. Um modelo de microssimulação matemática acompanhou cerca de 23 milhões de habitantes ao longo de um período de 20 anos, considerando as transições entre cinco esta[1]dos de saúde diferentes (susceptível, assintomático, ambulatorial, hospitalizado e óbito). Foram analisados dois cenários alternativos considerando a estratégia atual de controle da dengue e a incorporação do método Wolbachia, considerando uma perspectiva do setor de Saúde (público e privado) e uma perspectiva do SUS. Os custos diretos incluíram os recursos dos programas locais de controle da dengue, da implementação da Wolbachia e dos cuidados em saúde com a dengue. Os anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade (DALY) evitados foram considerados como principal desfecho. Foram conduzidas análises de sensibilidade com os principais parâmetros do modelo
Resultados
 Sem a Wolbachia, o modelo projetou 1.762.688 casos de dengue notificados ao longo de 20 anos. A implementação do método evitaria pelo menos 1.295.566 casos de dengue, resultando em maior eficácia em todas as sete cidades simuladas. Exceto nas cidades de Manaus e São Paulo, o método da Wolbachia apresentou dominância (menores custos e maior efetividade) em relação às estratégias de controle atuais. Mesmo não sendo capaz de manter a dominância para todas as sete cidades, as razões de custo-efetividade incrementais estimadas para Manaus e São Paulo ficaram muito abaixo do limiar brasileiro de custo-efetividade para doenças negligenciadas de R$ 120 mil: de R$ 1.747,11 a R$ 5.072,21. Além disso, todos os valores de benefício monetário líquido incremental ainda foram positivos em ambos os cenários para todas as cidades (variando de R$ 41,37 a R$ 1.852,42). A análise de sensibilidade, incluindo diferentes horizontes temporais, manteve a Wolbachia como uma estratégia custo-efetiva.
Discussão e conclusões
A Wolbachia se aprsenta como uma estratégia promissora e altamente custo-efetiva no contexto do SUS. Tais achados são consistentes com estudos internacionais. A análise de sensibilidade e cenários alternativos confirmaram a robustez dos resultados. Financiamento: Este estudo recebeu apoio financeiro da organização World Mosquito Program (WMP).
Jornada Assistencial de Valor do RARAS (JAV RARAS): resultados preliminares de estudo de vida real da avaliação de eficiência alocativa via análise de custoutilidade no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)
Authors: Eidi Nita Marcelo , Lopes Luana , Montero Guillermo , Almeida Alef , Barbosa Myrianne , Nunes Altacílio , Sarti Flávia , Boa Sorte Ney , Schwartz Ida , Azevedo Camila , Ogata Gabriel , Felix Temis
Published: December 2024

Introdução
Jornada Assistencial de Valor do RARAS (JAV RARAS): resultados preliminares de estudo de vida real da avaliação de eficiência alocativa via análise de custo-utilidade no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)
Métodos
As seguintes doenças foram avaliadas: Osteogênese Imperfeita (OI), Síndrome de Prader Willi (SPW), Acromegalia (ACRO), Angioedema Hereditário, Mucopolissacaridose tipo II (MPS2), Homocistinúria Clássica (HC), Fenilcetonúria (PKU), Atrofia Muscular Espinhal (AME), Fibrose Cística (FC), Polineuropatia Amiloidótica Familiar (PAF), Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DM), Doença de Gaucher, Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA)
A coleta de dados foi realizada através de questionários clínicos, e o EQ-5D para cálculo de utilidade e QALY, e os custos pelo “Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing” (TDABC). O TDABC, baseado nos PCDTs, mapeia os processos assistenciais e os custos reais. Para identificar o PCDT que apresenta a melhor eficiência alocativa, definida pelo custo utilidade, empregamos Forest Plot do Custo x QALY para comparar e ranquear as diferentes doenças e os seus respectivos PCDTs (league-table). A média e a variação de custo foram analisados a partir da distribuição Bootstrap com 10.000 randomizações (e o intervalo de confiança de 95%).
Resultados
Este estudo preliminar mostrou que a SPW apresentou o maior QALY. A PAF apresentou o maior custo de tratamento, estimado no PCDT em R$ 323.923,76. Pelo TDABC, AME teve o maior custo de tratamento com custo médio de R$ 261.408,58 e doença de Gaucher menor custo médio de tratamento pelo PCDT com custo médio de R$ 483,89. Os resultados preliminares indicam que pelo TDABC, a Doença de Gaucher apresenta um menor custo por QALY incremental. Logo, ela se mostrou ser a mais eficiente, e foi usada como referência em relação as outras doenças. Assim, a MPSII apresentou um maior custo por QALY incremental.
Discussão e conclusões
O JAV RARAS permite avaliar a eficiência técnica alocativa, assumindo os PCDTs como intervenções de políticas públicas, via estudos de custo-utilidade (custo/ QALY). Em termos de eficiência, o tratamento para a AME é o menos eficiente, e necessita melhorias significativas em termos de custo-efetividade (como melhores desfechos em saúde). No debate sobre quais métodos seriam os mais adequados na tomada de decisão na gestão de novas tecnologias para doenças raras, o JAV-RARAS permite a inclusão de vários destes métodos de avaliação e estes podem ser agrupados em análises comparativas de eficiência técnica alocativa, com dados de desfechos clínicos centrados nos pacientes e custos de vida real.