bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The need for speed: functional specializations of locomotor and feeding muscles in Anolis lizards
Authors: Anderson Christopher V. , Roberts Thomas J.
Published: December 2019

Muscles often perform diverse mechanical roles within an organism. Tuning of contractile properties may therefore provide an opportunity for muscles to better perform their different roles and impact their associated whole-organism performance. Here, we examine the muscle contractile physiology of a jaw and a leg muscle in five Anolis species to determine if consistent physiological differences are found in these muscles. We found that these jaw and leg muscles exhibited consistent patterns of variation across species, which may be related to the functional use of each muscle. In particular, we found that each muscle had differentially increased different measures of muscle speed. While the jaw muscles had faster peak contractile velocities than the leg muscles, the leg muscles had faster twitch times and faster contractile velocities under intermediate loads. We also found that the jaw muscles exerted higher specific tensions and had a greater curvature to their force-velocity relationship. The consistent patterns across five species suggest that these jaw and leg muscles have specialized in different ways. Examination of these contractile property variations may help illuminate important features relating to performing their individual functional roles.
A hypothesis: radiation carcinogenesis may result from tissue injuries and subsequent recovery processes which can act as tumor promoters and lead to an earlier onset of cancer
Authors: Nakamura Nori
Published: December 2019

Cancer risks from radiation can be observed as an increase in mortality when compared to a control group. However, it is unknown if this increased risk results from the induction of cancer or from an earlier onset of cancer. In mouse studies, it has been repeatedly shown that after an irradiation, the survival curve is shifted toward lower ages, but remains parallel to the control curve, and the extent of the shift in time to lower ages is dose-dependent. This shift is not satisfactorily explained by the induction model which assumes that cancers in the exposed group consist of spontaneous and induced events. Consequently, it seems that this shift could be interpreted to mean that all animals in the exposed group had suffered from life shortening. Under this scenario, however, it turns out that the radiation effects can no longer be interpreted as the result of oncogenic mutations, because these effects would have to involve all tumors, and the effectiveness of radiation changes with the dose. This leads to the speculation that radiation exposures induce a broad range of tissue injuries, and that these injuries are subsequently subjected to longlasting systemic recovery processes which act as promoters for tumor cells. In other words, potential cancer stem cells which were located in the irradiated field can escape oncogenic damage but undergo stimulation later in life toward the development of malignancy from radiation-induced activated microenvironment. This is an unusual form of the non-targeted or bystander effects of radiation. It is worth noting that this model suggests that there could be a path or paths which could be used to intervene in the process of post-exposure carcinogenesis, and that cancer risks at low doses could be described as days or weeks of life lost.
Case Report: Peripartum cardiomyopathy in a young female complicated by cardioembolic stroke
Authors: Pradhan Ravi Ranjan , Yadav Ajay Kumar , Yadav Sant , Gupta Prashant Kumar
Published: December 2019

Stroke in a young female is rare but, when it occurs, has a serious economic, and mental burden to the patient, and family members. Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is one of the rare causes of stroke in young females.  We report a case of a 20-year-old female with PPCM complicated by cardioembolic stroke. The patient was started on long-term anticoagulation, and her heart failure regimen was optimized upon discharge. Anticoagulation therapy in cardioembolic stroke prevents further complications.
Optimal Management of Virtual Infrastructures Under Flexible Cloud Service Agreements
Authors: Guo Zhiling , Li Jin , Ramesh Ram
Published: December 2019

Cloud-service agreements entail the provisioning of virtual infrastructures at specified availability levels. The agreements specify the infrastructure prices and penalties borne by providers when assured availabilities are not met. Hence, backup resources should be optimally provisioned by balancing the provisioning costs with penalties. We develop stochastic dynamic optimization models of the backup provisioning problem by integrating methods from Operations Management, Statistics and Machine Learning, and Computer Science. We present two sets of dynamic provisioning strategies: periodic policies where resources are adjusted at regular intervals and aperiodic policies that allow flexible timing of such interventions. A closed-loop optimization model under conservative resource control and a certainty-equivalent optimization model under aggressive resource control are developed for periodic management. Similarly, we propose two strategies for aperiodic management: single intervention with single look-ahead and multiple interventions with single look-ahead. We develop computationally efficient online algorithms for both periodic and aperiodic models. We evaluate the models through computational experiments and validate with Amazon EC2 use cases. We provide cloud service providers practical guidelines for efficiently formulating flexible service agreements and cost-effectively managing the virtual infrastructure resources. The proposed resource optimization framework is most suitable to IaaS and can easily be extended to PaaS environments.
Design and fabrication of a superior nonpolarizing long-wavelength pass edge filter applied in laser beam combining technology
Authors: Jiao Hongfei , Niu Xinshang , Zhang Xuemin , Zhang Jinlong , Cheng Xinbin , Wang Zhanshan
Published: December 2019

The wavelength combining technique has been widely used to increase the power scaling of lasers. The edge filter, which is nonpolarizing for wavelength, has proven to be a critical component for the combining process, and should have high spectral efficiency, high laser induced damage threshold, and excellent thermal stability. Here, we design a superior nonpolarizing long-wavelength pass edge filter using a novel depolarized initial film structure based on a tuned Fabry–Perot interference filter. The coating fabricated by electron beam evaporation can withstand

130

k
W

/

c
m

2

of continuous laser energy with high spectral efficiency at 45° and a small temperature rise.
Multi-plane, multi-band image projection via broadband diffractive
optics
Authors: Meem Monjurul , Majumder Apratim , Menon Rajesh
Published: December 2019

We demonstrate visible and
near-IR image projection via non-absorbing, multi-level broadband
diffractive-optical elements (BDOEs) in one or more planes. By
appropriate design of the BDOE topography, we experimentally
demonstrate (1) different images in different spectral bands,
(2) different images in different image planes, (3) image
magnification by changing the distance between the illumination source
and the BDOE, (4) completely flat BDOE via an index-contrast top
coating, and (5) reflective BDOEs. All of these are accomplished with
broadband illumination. Furthermore, the BDOEs are highly efficient
and versatile and can be inexpensively mass manufactured using
imprint-based replication techniques.
Calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic analysis of copper-rich mineral collected from the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad , Abbasi Shahab Ahmed , Rafique Muhammad , Hayder Rizwan , Sajid Muhammad , Iqbal Javed , Ahmad Nasar , Shahida Shabnum
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we present the results of compositional analysis of a copper-rich mineral known as malachite, collected from the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. A calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) technique is employed for determination of elemental composition of the sample. The study aims at the investigation of the presence of precious elements, if any, in minerals of local origin. The laser beam of a 1064 nm wavelength from a nanosecond pulsed

Q

-switched Nd:YAG laser was focused on the surface of the sample, and an emission spectrum was obtained with the help of a LIBS2000 spectrometer covering the spectral range between 200 to 700 nm. Results obtained through analyzing the characteristic emission lines of different elements have confirmed the presence of sixteen (16) elements in the investigated sample, viz. Cu, Si, Al, K, Fe, Mn, Ag, Ti, Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, Na, Li, C, and H. For quantification of the detected elements in the sample, a calibration-free method based on local thermodynamic equilibrium and optically thin plasma model was employed. Plasma parameters, such as electron number density and temperature, were calculated for the purpose of subsequent calculations. Seven elements, viz. Cu, Fe, Si, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Al, were quantified out of 16 initially detected elements, and their concentration in terms of weight percentage was 43.15%, 20.13%, 18.31%, 9.46%, 3.28%, 3.16%, and 2.51%, respectively. The presence of all seven elements quantified by CF-LIBS was confirmed by x-ray fluorescence analysis.
Optical crosstalk and off-axis modeling of an intrinsic coincident polarimeter
Authors: Yang Ruonan , Sen Pratik , O’Connor Brendan T. , Kudenov Michael W.
Published: December 2019

Polarimeters have broad applications in remote sensing, astronomy, and biomedical imaging to measure the emitted, reflected, or transmitted state of polarization. An intrinsic coincident (IC) full-Stokes polarimeter was previously demonstrated by our group, in a free space configuration, by using stain-aligned polymer-based organic photovoltaics. To minimize the model’s complexity, these were tilted to avoid crosstalk from back-reflections. We present a theoretical model of a monolithic IC polarimeter that considers the back-reflection’s influence for on-axis light. The model was validated using a monolithic four-detector polarimeter, which achieved an error of less than 3%. Additionally, an off-axis model was produced and validated for a simpler two detector polarimeter, demonstrating an error between the TM and TE polarized components of less than 3% for angles spanning an 18° incidence cone.
Simple and compact optical half-subtractor based on photonic crystal resonant cavities in silicon rods
Authors: Namdari Nima , Talebzadeh Reza
Published: December 2019

We propose a very simple and compact structure to realize the
subtracting operation using resonant cavities in a photonic crystal
structure. The cross section of the structure is

103

µ

m

2

and is desirable for integration
based on popular planar technology. In the designed subtractor, the
cavity was responsible for selecting the wavelength. By changing the
boundary rods’ cavity condition, the mode could resonate at the
desired frequencies. To have resonant cavities, we introduce four
defect rods between the input and the output waveguides. The results
exhibit the true performance of the device. We used only silicon rods
in the proposed device, and hence it is very simple to be fabricated.
The finite-difference time-domain method was used for analyzing the
proposed structure. The simulation results show that the contrast
ratio of the device is 5 dB. The maximum rise and fall times are 1.5
and 0.5 ps, respectively.
Analysis of a highly sensitive side polished hollow fiber plasmonic sensor and its application as a magnetometer
Authors: Khanikar Tulika , Singh Vinod Kumar
Published: December 2019

A highly sensitive hollow fiber (HF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance is proposed and analyzed numerically. The sensor design involves a side polished HF with a nanoscale gold film deposited over the polished surface and an analyte filled core. The hollow portion of the fiber serves simultaneously as an analyte channel and core, when filled with high refractive index liquid. By analyzing the modal characteristics of the sensor using the finite element method, it is found that the wavelength sensitivity of the HF sensor varies from 25,642 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) to 60,000 nm/RIU in the range 1.45 to 1.47 RIU along with highest amplitude sensitivity of

4231.7

R
I
U

−
1

. The minimum measurable alteration by the sensor lies in the order of

10

−
6

R
I
U

. The sensor also exhibits a high value of figure of merit (FOM) up to

976

R
I
U

−
1

representing a very good overall performance. Moreover, due to the feasibility of design, the specific application of the sensor to magnetic field sensing is also demonstrated and achieved maximum sensitivity of 1361 pm/Oe.
High-power mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser with tungsten ditelluride as saturable absorber
Authors: Zheng Zhijian , Wang Jintao , Yin Jinde , Ouyang Deqin , Ren Xikui , Yan Peiguang , Wang Jinzhang , Pei Jihong , Lue Qitao , Ruan Shuangchen
Published: December 2019

A passively mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser using a tungsten ditelluride saturable absorber (

W
T
e

2

-

S
A

) is demonstrated. High-power mode-locked pulses with an average output power of 108.1 mW were achieved by incorporating the

W
T
e

2

-

S
A

into a thulium-doped fiber oscillator. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power obtained from a

W
T
e

2

-

S
A

-based fiber laser. We further amplified the output power to 5.60 W with an all-fiber thulium-doped double-cladding fiber amplifier. Our result indicates that

W
T
e

2

-

S
A

could be an excellent candidate for a high-power fiber laser system.
Magnetic field and temperature dual-parameter sensor based on magnetic fluid materials filled photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Wang Ji , Pei Li , Wang Jianshuai , Ruan Zuliang , Zheng Jingjing , Li Jing , Ning Tigang
Published: December 2019

A dual-parameter sensor based on a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) concatenated with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for simultaneous measurement of magnetic field and temperature. Novel magnetic fluids (MF) with different concentration and surfactant are filled in the air holes of PCF. The magnetic field measurement property is only determined by PCF, while the temperature is co-determined by PCF and FBG. Experimental results show that the wavelength shift has a good linearity corresponding with temperature and magnetic field. Temperature and magnetic field sensitivity are proportional to concentration of MF and are affected by different surfactants. For PCF point, when polyethylene glycol is used as a surfactant and the magnetic fluid concentration is equal to 0.15, the highest magnetic field sensitivity is up to 924.63 pm/mT. The proposed sensor has a high sensitivity as well as cross-sensitivity resistance, which provides a promising candidate for dual-channel filtering or multi-parameter measurement applications.
Effects of four-wave-mixing in high-power Raman fiber amplifiers
Authors: Liu Wei , Ma Pengfei , Zhou Pu , Jiang Zongfu
Published: December 2019

In this work, we derive and present the coupled amplitude equations to describe the evolutions of different spectral components in different transverse modes for Raman fiber amplifiers (RFAs). Both the effects of the four-wave-mixing in the fundamental mode (FM FWM) and the inter-modal four-wave-mixing (IM FWM) on high-power RFAs are demonstrated through numerical simulations. Specifically, effective FM FWM interaction could occur and lead to a drop of the 2nd order Raman limit for RFAs by over 50%, despite that the corresponding wave-vector mismatch is rather big. In addition, the IM FWM could also impact the 2nd order Raman limit for RFAs with additional generation of the first order Raman Stokes light in the higher-order mode. We also investigate the effects of the intensity fluctuations in the initial inserted pump and seed lasers on high-power RFAs. It reveals that the temporal stability of the initial inserted pump laser has much more significant impacts on high-power RFAs than that of the initial inserted seed laser. Notably, through applying temporal stable laser as the initial inserted pump laser, both the FM FWM and IM FWM effects could be effectively suppressed, and the 2nd order Raman limit for high-power RFAs could be increased by over twice.
Observation of optical nonlinearities in an all-solid transverse Anderson localizing optical fiber
Authors: Tuggle Matthew , Bassett Cody , Hawkins Thomas W. , Stolen Roger , Mafi Arash , Ballato John
Published: December 2019

An all-solid transverse Anderson localizing optical fiber (TALOF) was
fabricated using a novel combination of the stack-and-draw and molten
core methods. Strong Anderson localization is observed in multiple
regions of the fiber cross section associated with the higher index
strontium aluminosilicate phases randomly arranged within a pure
silica matrix. Further, to the best of our knowledge, nonlinear
four-wave mixing is reported for the first time in a TALOF.
Highly sensitive liquid-level sensor based on an optical reflective microfiber probe
Authors: Wang Junjie , Sun Qizhen , Li Yanpeng , Tan Shijie , Yang Liuyang , Fang Fang , Yan Zhijun , Liu Deming
Published: December 2019

Increasing the sensitivity and miniaturizing the size of liquid-level sensors are crucial for confined installation space. Here we propose and demonstrate a highly sensitive liquid-level sensor based on a compact optical reflective microfiber probe. By tracking the resonant wavelength shift of the in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer generated between the

H
E

11

and

H
E

12

modes, liquid-level sensing can be realized. Through optimizing the structure parameters of the microfiber probe, an ultra-high sensitivity of

∼

367.644

n
m

/

m
m

is achieved in experiment, which is two to three orders of magnitude higher than other reported liquid-level sensors, to the best of our knowledge. Considering the high sensitivity and compact structure of the sensor, it has great potential in real-time intelligent monitoring of tiny changes in the liquid level such as small autonomous drones and micro-channels.
Stabilization of passive harmonic mode locking in a fiber ring laser
Authors: Gumenyuk R. V. , Korobko D. A. , Zolotovskii I. O.
Published: December 2019

We propose the model of a harmonically mode-locked soliton fiber ring laser based on the nonlinear polarization rotation taking into account the gain depletion and recovery effects. It is shown that a specific timing jitter could arise in such lasers, since the pulses in the cavity are not strongly identical. To suppress the jitter and stabilize the harmonic mode-locking operation, a method using a small frequency shift followed by the laser radiation filtering is described. The performed numerical simulation shows that the proposed method is able to provide extremely stable harmonic mode locking in a soliton fiber ring laser.
Complex degree of coherence and fringe visibility in spatial unitary transformations of scalar fields
Authors: Halder Atri , Friberg Ari T.
Published: December 2019

We study the effects of spatial unitary transformations on the complex degree of coherence and the visibility of intensity fringes in Young’s double pinhole interference setup with scalar light. We demonstrate that the degree of coherence and the visibility, in general, change in such transformations and may become zero for the output fields even when the input beams are correlated. Moreover, we explore the influence of unitary two-beam transformations on the complementarity relations associated with the degree of coherence, the intensity distinguishability, and the concurrence. We illustrate the results with the help of Gaussian Schell-model beams. Nonabsorbing beam splitters, which are key elements in optical systems, are practical realizations of spatial unitary transformations.
Fiber-optic joint time and frequency transfer with the same wavelength
Authors: Wang Jialiang , Yue Chaolei , Xi Yueli , Sun Yanguang , Cheng Nan , Yang Fei , Jiang Mingyu , Sun Jianfeng , Gui Youzhen , Cai Haiwen
Published: December 2019

Optical fiber links have proven their powerful ability to transfer the ultrastable clock signals over a national and continental metrological optical network. In this Letter, we propose and demonstrate a new scheme that time and frequency signals are modulated on the same laser wavelength with phase and intensity modulation by an independent electro-optic modulator, respectively. Different wavelengths are used in two opposite directions to prevent Rayleigh scattering. The noise changes caused by the fluctuations of the transfer links are actively canceled at the local site by optical delay lines. Radio frequency with 1 GHz and time signal with one pulse per second (1 PPS) are transmitted over 110 km fiber spools. The experimental results demonstrate that frequency instabilities of

1.7

E

−
14

at 1 s and

5.9

E

−
17

at

10

4

s

and time interval transfer of 1 PPS signal with sub-ps stability after 1000 s are obtained. This novel scheme offers advantages with respect to reduce the channel in the fiber network, and can keep the time and frequency signal free from interference with each other.
High conversion efficiency second-harmonic beam shaping via amplitude-type nonlinear photonic crystals
Authors: Zhu Bing , Liu Haigang , Chen Yuping , Chen Xianfeng
Published: December 2019

An efficient two-dimensional arbitrary harmonic wavefront shaping has been demonstrated in amplitude-type nonlinear photonic crystals, where the phase-matching condition is fulfilled through the birefringence and nonlinear Raman–Nath effects in longitudinal and transverse phase matching, respectively. The binary modulated nonlinear photonic crystal was fabricated by femtosecond laser micromachining based on binary computer-generated holograms. Three second-harmonic Hermite–Gaussian beams,

H
G

10

,

H
G

11

, and

H
G

12

, were achieved by pumping a nanosecond pulsed fundamental Gaussian beam, with the measured normalized conversion efficiency of

8.4
%

W

−
1

c
m

−
2

in the first diffraction order of the

H
G

11

structure. The amplitude-type nonlinear photonic crystal opens wide possibilities in the field of efficient harmonic beam shaping and mode conversion.
The Peculiar Pattern of Type IV Collagen Deposition in Epiretinal Membranes
Authors: Regoli Marì , Tosi Gian Marco , Neri Giovanni , Altera Annalisa , Orazioli Daniela , Bertelli Eugenio
Published: December 2019

Idiopathic epiretinal membranes are sheets of tissue that develop in the vitreoretinal interface. They are formed by cells and extracellular matrix, and they are considered the expression of a fibrotic disorder of the eye. Confocal and immunoelectron microscopy of the extracellular matrix of excised membranes, revealed high contents of type IV collagen. It was distributed within epiretinal membranes in basement membrane-like structures associated with cells and in interstitial deposits. In both cases, type IV collagen was always associated with type I collagen. Col IV was also coupled with Col VI and laminin. At high magnification, type IV collagen immunolabelling was associated with interstitial deposits and showed a reticular appearance due to the intersection of beaded microfilaments. The microfilaments are about 12 nm in diameter with interbead distance of 30–40 nm. Cells of the epiretinal membranes showed intracellular lysosome-like bodies heavily labeled for type IV collagen suggesting an active role in membrane remodeling. Hence, type IV collagen is not necessarily always associated with basement membranes; the molecular interactions that it may develop when not incorporated in basement membranes are still unknown. It is conceivable, however, that they might have implications in the progression of epiretinal membranes and other fibrotic disorders.
Brought on the Feels: A roundtable debrief of the public art project, We They
Authors: Hebert Pato , Bhandari Anooj , Tabrizi Leesa , ‘Patches’ Sol De La Ciudad , (Nene) Severe Ky’Naisha
Published: December 2019

We They was a public art project created by staff and young people from queer youth services organization Hetrick-Martin Institute (HMI)1 in collaboration with a faculty member, alumnus, undergraduate and graduate
students from New York University (NYU)2. HMI and NYU are two different kinds of learning institutions located a mere block apart in New York City’s Greenwich Village neighbourhood. In the following roundtable discussion,
project collaborators discuss their experiences working on the project and how the resulting artwork impacted them. Their discussion addresses themes such as transformative pedagogy, photographic portraiture; young queer people of colour, activating urban space and trust.
Regulation and Economic Integration: Introduction
Authors: Santos Luís Aguiar , Cunha Alice
Published: December 2019

https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-203X_49_1
Labor conflicts in the Spanish press: strikes as a reflection of the contradiction between capital and labor
Authors: Carretero-Navarro Iván , Espinar Ruiz Eva
Published: December 2019

A qualitative content analysis has been applied to a sample of news related to labor strikes from three major newspapers in Spain. Results suggest that news media mainly focus on the immediate negative consequences of the strikes rather than on causes and further explanations. Strikes are portrayed as isolated occurrences that happen because of disagreements between specific companies and workers. The attention is put on events (demonstrations, disorders, economic losses, etc.) and not on the structural causes of the strikes: the contradiction between capital and labor and the consequent tension among social classes. Within this frame, strikers and their organizations are delegitimized and isolated from the rest of the society. News media readers are categorized as consumers, and their interests are depicted as alien or even opposed to those of striking workers.
El estrecho vínculo periodístico entre la marca España y la política
Authors: Carcavilla-Puey Fernando
Published: December 2019

El principal objetivo de este trabajo es describir las características de la cobertura en la prensa diaria generalista del término ‘marca España’ vinculado al ámbito de la política entre los años 2012 y 2015. Este periodo, que abarca la mayor parte de la primera legislatura de Mariano Rajoy, se caracteriza por un contexto de crisis económica, social e institucional. Se toman como muestra los tres diarios españoles con mayor difusión, El País, El Mundo y La Vanguardia, y se analizan todas las piezas que incluyan la expresión ‘marca España’ mediante un análisis de contenido cuantitativo. Los resultados demuestran el estrecho vínculo periodístico entre la marca España y la política y ponen de manifiesto la dificultad de moldear una opinión pública favorable cuando las principales instituciones del país atraviesan una crisis de credibilidad y liderazgo. A través del estudio de un caso concreto, el trabajo contribuye a la comprensión de la marca país, un concepto difuso y complejo.
Comunicación política y medios sociales
Authors: Sierra Aurken , Rodríguez-Virgili Jordi
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo ofrece un estado del arte en la investigación en comunicación política sobre medios sociales entre 2008 y 2018. Se analizan 357 artículos publicados en cuatro revistas académicas de comunicación del primer cuartil del Journal Citation Reports (JCR-WoS). En la exposición se sigue la estructura marcada por el triángulo de Wolton, resumiendo las aportaciones de los investigadores sobre la incidencia de los medios sociales en los políticos, los medios de comunicación y los ciudadanos. En general, se constata una evolución en la importancia que la investigación, muy empírica y de escasa perspectiva comparada, concede a las nuevas tecnologías hasta situarlas en el centro del debate académico.
Prevalencia de los mitos del amor romántico en jóvenes
Authors: Vives Barceló Margarita , Cerro Garrido María
Published: December 2019

Los roles de géneros, estereotipos de masculinidad y feminidad y la socialización diferenciada se insertan en el subconsciente colectivo, interiorizando comportamientos, actitudes y conductas tanto en adultos como en jóvenes. Estos últimos, crecen incorporando dichos valores que pueden fomentar la normalización de situaciones de control, dominio y subordinación apoyándose en la concepción social del amor romántico (Blanco, 2014; Muñiz et al, 2015; Donoso, Rubio & Vila, 2018). Dicho artículo describe el análisis de la prevalencia de los mitos del amor romántico en 168 jóvenes a partir de la adaptación del cuestionario sobre mitos románticos (Ferrer, Bosch & Navarro, 2010). El análisis se centra en la prevalencia de cada uno de los mitos, así como si existen o no diferencias significativas entre la aceptación de los mitos por sexo, rama de estudio (educativa, administrativa y social) y nivel de estudios (Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Grado Universitario). Se confirma la consolidación de determinados mitos románticos en jóvenes y, por tanto, la necesidad de abordar estrategias sólidas de coeducación desde la infancia, trabajar en red desde diferentes ámbitos (también medios de comunicación) y potenciar campañas de sensibilización que lleguen a toda la sociedad.
La comunicación virtual con la pareja
Authors: Velarde Hermida Olivia , Casas-Mas Belén
Published: December 2019

Este artículo analiza las comunicaciones virtuales en las parejas. Se ha aplicado una encuesta representativa online a 2800 internautas. Se emplean metodologías de análisis cuantitativas, discriminativas y de segmentación para identificar las características de quienes virtualizan las interacciones con sus parejas y de cómo las valoran. Los resultados muestran que dicha virtualización está condicionada, no sólo por las variables de edad y sexo de los encuestados, sino por su ocupación, educación, hábitat, estado civil, y hábitos de uso de internet. Y que este conjunto de factores operan de forma interdependiente. Hallazgo que permite entender mejor el funcionamiento de la llamada “brecha digital”.
Crítica de libro: Francisco Javier Ullán de la Rosa. Teorías sociológicas de los movimientos sociales. Madrid: La Catarata, 2016
Authors: Plana Joya Genís
Published: December 2019

Crítica de libro: Francisco Javier Ullán de la Rosa. Teorías sociológicas de los movimientos sociales. Madrid: La Catarata, 2016, 96 páginas, ISBN: 9788490972557.
Las relaciones hispano-norteamericanas desde la Segunda Guerra Fría hasta la crisis del comunismo soviético: de la cuestión de la OTAN al nuevo marco de cooperación
Authors: López Zapico Misael Arturo
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo analiza la evolución de las relaciones entre España y Estados Unidos desde la victoria socialista de 1982 hasta la caída del Muro de Berlín en 1989. Para ello se han revisado fuentes primarias de diversa procedencia y apenas usadas hasta la fecha. En primer lugar, se examina el debate respecto a la pertenencia de España en la OTAN y sus consecuencias para esas relaciones. En segundo término, se aborda el referéndum español de 1986, junto a la renegociación de los acuerdos bilaterales que condujeron a la firma en 1988 del Convenio de Cooperación para la Defensa. Por último, se muestra hasta qué punto el reequilibrio en esas relaciones propició que España pudiera alcanzar una cooperación ampliada con Estados Unidos, siendo fundamental el vínculo de confianza personal generado entre Felipe González y George H. W. Bush.
La Internacional Socialista y la política exterior del PSOE hacia América Latina en tres actos
Authors: Fazio Luciana
Published: December 2019

Desde la década de 1970, la Internacional Socialista (IS) jugó un rol central en el acercamiento entre Europa y Latinoamérica. Felipe González y el PSOE, de hecho, promovieron los principios de la IS, tanto en sus políticas nacionales como internacionales, constituyéndose en una pieza central en las relaciones de Europa Occidental y Latinoamérica. En este contexto, el presente trabajo trata de ofrecer una reflexión acerca de la trayectoria de la política exterior del PSOE respecto a Latinoamérica. Con tal objetivo, se identifican tres momentos en el intervalo de tiempo que va desde la década de los setenta a la de los noventa: el primero, cuando se verificó un claro acercamiento, se adquirieron conocimientos y se afianzaron vínculos a través de la IS; el segundo, cuando se materializaron los enunciados “políticos” adquiridos previamente; el tercero, con el redimensionamiento de lo “económico” en materia exterior, como resultado del impacto que tuvo en la política española la adhesión a la CEE.
Corregir a Maura: incidencia y rectificación del artículo 29 en la provincia de Valencia durante los años treinta
Authors: Valero Gómez Sergio
Published: December 2019

El artículo 29 de la Ley electoral de 1907 establecía que no habría elección en caso de que hubiera tantos candidatos como puestos a cubrir en unos comicios. Y seguía vigente el 12 de abril de 1931, cuando se celebraron las elecciones municipales que dieron vida a la Segunda República. Sus consecuencias –la existencia de concejales y ayuntamientos no electos, siguieron presentes hasta las elecciones municipales parciales de abril de 1933. El propósito del presente artículo es mostrar la incidencia y la corrección del artículo 29 en la provincia de Valencia. Un segundo objetivo consiste en comparar, desde una nueva perspectiva, su incidencia en las provincias que albergaban los grandes núcleos de población de los años treinta, como la de Valencia, con la que tuvo en aquellas consideradas tradicionalmente como las más afectadas según cómputos de población relativos.
Protection against the Effects of the Asynchronous Operation of Synchronous Motors Based on the Principle of Comparison of the Machine Power Factor
Authors: Gric Petr
Published: December 2019

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">This paper deals with the possibility of using the principle of comparison of the operational power factor for evaluation of the asynchronous operation of synchronous motors. This way of definition of the asynchronous operation is possible to use for motors protection and other protective systems of drives with synchronous motors.
Factores exógenos, teorías implícitas y procedimientos lingüístico-discursivos en la escritura científica
Authors: Gordillo Alfonso Adriana
Published: December 2019

En este artículo se presentan algunos resultados de la investigación titulada “La escritura científica en los profesores universitarios colombianos”, que tuvo como propósito analizar los factores institucionales, académicos e individuales, como posibles variables que hacen más difícil la tarea del profesor universitario, al momento de escribir artículos científicos como producto de su investigación. Para alcanzar el objetivo planteado, este estudio emplea una metodología cualitativa. La población participante estuvo conformada por 15 profesores de universidades colombianas. Para la obtención de los datos se utilizaron tres instrumentos: el cuestionario, la entrevista y el formato LDE (lingüístico, discursivo y estructural). Los resultados indican que factores como el prestigio institucional, el salario, los recursos institucionales y el tiempo son variables que afectan la motivación de quien escribe. Igualmente, las teorías implícitas o concepciones de los profesores sobre la escritura científica influyen en el proceso de escrituray en los modos de organización discursiva de los artículos.
Editorial 24-2
Authors: Quitián Bernal Sandra Patricia
Published: December 2019

Con la entrega de este nuevo número, en el que se publican doce artículos, Enunciación reitera su compromiso con la difusión de nuevas investigaciones que aportan a la consolidación de saberes en el campo del lenguaje, desde cuatro secciones: Pedagogías de la lengua, Lenguaje, sociedad y escuela, Lenguaje, medios audiovisuales y tecnologías. y Autor Invitado.
Navigationshilfen für den gesellschaftlichen Dialog zur Energiewende: Impulse des Kopernikus-Projekts ENavi
Authors: Renn Ortwin
Published: December 2019

Eine CO2-neutrale Umgestaltung unseres Energiesystems bedingt einen gesamt gesellschaftlichen Veränderungsprozess. Das Kopernikus-Projekt Energiewende-Navigationssystem (ENavi) ist vor drei Jahren angetreten, Transformationspfade transdisziplinär zu erforschen
und Navigationshilfen für den transdisziplinären Dialog zu entwickeln.
Insect conservation in agricultural landscapes: An outlook for policy-relevant research
Authors: Mupepele Anne-Christine , Böhning-Gaese Katrin , Lakner Sebastian , Plieninger Tobias , Schoof Nicolas , Klein Alexandra-Maria
Published: December 2019

Insect populations decline, particularly in intensively managed agricultural landscapes. Insect communities are influenced by current agricultural practices, which are themselves determined by the economic, political and social frameworks. We highlight these direct and indirect drivers
affecting insect communities, raise key research questions and discuss options for action to encourage a transformative change towards an economic, political and social system protecting biodiversity.
Fläche unter Druck: Sozial-ökologische Dimensionen der Flächennutzung in deutschen Wachstumsregionen
Authors: Lage Jonas , Leuser Leon
Published: December 2019

Deutsche Städte werden immer dichter bebaut ‐ zum Nachteil von vielen Stadtbewohner(inne)n. Damit eine hohe Lebensqualität gewährt werden kann, muss Stadtentwicklung öffentliche Räume stärken. Denn gemeinschaftlich genutzte Flächen wie Parks
oder Plätze können wesentliche Bedürfnisse nach sozialem Austausch oder Naturerfahrungen befriedigen und die Städte so lebenswerter machen.The paper discusses the trend of ongoing land consumption in German cities and their implications for socially inclusive and ecological
urban development models. Highlighting how land use in Germany has changed since 1990, we focus on housing and mobility ‐ the two sectors that have had the most impact on land consumption nationwide. Our analysis of ten demographically growing cities in Germany shows land consumption
to be driven not only by demo-graphic growth itself, but also by modes of living and transportation that are exclusive to certain privileged groups. In the cities we studied, these developments would seem to benefit the few, but affect the lives of everyone. Based on these results, we sketch
out various ideas and approaches that could support a socially inclusive and ecological urban development policy. Supporting a cultural shift from a private luxury model to one based on public welfare is crucial to reducing land consumption and ensuring that all members of the population can
gain access to “the good life”.
Is it up to them? Individual leverages for sufficiency
Authors: Verfuerth Caroline , Henn Laura , Becker Sophia
Published: December 2019

Sufficiency is one important strategy for sustainable development. At an individual level, we need a better understanding of the relationship between sufficiency attitude and CO2 footprint. In this paper, we analyze sufficiency as a psychological determinant of low-carbon
lifestyles and introduce an empirical measurement scale for individual sufficiency attitudes.Sufficiency aims at a total reduction of resource consumption, which is urgently needed to achieve our climate and sustainable development goals. This paper explores individual attitude towards
a sufficiency-oriented lifestyle as a driver of a low carbon footprint. Survey data of 310 participants was analyzed to test whether individual sufficiency attitude manifests in people’s carbon footprint. The results provide evidence for this relationship but its strength varies between
behavioral domains ‐ that is, heating, electricity, food consumption, everyday mobility, air travel. Potential structural and individual barriers to reducing CO2 emissions are discussed as possible factors that could explain differences between the behavioral domains. We
argue that intrapersonal factors matter for sustainable lifestyles but that policy-making and structural change should complement and facilitate voluntary endeavors to achieve low-carbon lifestyles.
Comparison of Lower Secondary School Education of Mathematics in the Czech Republic and Selected Countries with Respect to Curriculum Documents
Authors: Moravcová Vlasta , Surynková Petra , Hromadová Jana
Published: December 2019

Results from the PISA international surveys in 2012 and 2015 show that the performance of Czech pupils in mathematics was statistically comparable with the OECD average. However, in the long-term comparison, the results appear to have statistically worsened in the Czech Republic. The PISA score of other European countries with similar economies in terms of GDP and common historical-cultural development, namely Estonia, Poland, and Slovenia, was higher or even significantly higher. The search for the causes of this leads, among other things, to the study of the mathematics curricula of these states. Our paper gives a brief overview of the education systems of the selected countries, while also conducting a qualitative comparative analysis of relevant curriculum documents for lower secondary education. We place emphasis on the differences between the Czech curriculum and the curricula of the other countries. This is explored with the overall aim of formulating educational objectives pertaining to mathematics learning, the subject matter and its division, and required learning outcomes. In the last chapter we present the most significant differences (the lowest number of mathematics lessons, the absence of general mathematical goals and competencies, the lack of emphasis on home preparation of pupils, the absence of unified testing and insufficiently detailed learning content and outcomes), which could be an inspiration for improving the Czech mathematics curriculum.
Pre-service teachers’ achievement and perceptions of the classroom environment in flipped learning and traditional instruction classes
Authors: Ozudogru Melike , Aksu Meral
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate whether flipped learning affects pre-service teachers’ achievement and perceptions related to the classroom environment. This experimental study was conducted in the fall semester of 2017–2018 for 11 weeks at a state university in Turkey and included a total of 56 pre-service teachers. An achievement test and a scale were implemented to collect the data. The analyses through descriptive and inferential statistical analysis techniques showed that flipped learning group obtained significantly higher achievement test scores and final grades than the traditional instruction group. On the other hand, being in the flipped learning group or in the traditional group had no significant effect on the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of the classroom environment.
Identification of metabolites of peptide-derived drugs using an isotope-labeled reporter ion screening strategy
Authors: Thomas Andreas , Thevis Mario
Published: December 2019

Background

Peptide-derived drugs represent an emerging class of prohibited substances in professional sports and, thus, in modern doping controls. After parental administration (e.g. subcutaneous, intravenous), these drugs undergo various metabolic processes, which degrade them to biologically active or inactive peptides. Knowledge about these metabolic processes and the hereby produced metabolites plays a key role in successful doping controls due to the effective design of analytical assays under consideration of optimal analytical targets. Unfortunately, the complexity of biological matrix (e.g. blood or urine) complicates the immediate identification of relevant metabolites due to the enormous excess of naturally occurring peptides and their degradation products.

Methods

In this study, a strategy employing in-vitro metabolism of stable isotope-labeled peptides producing characteristic reporter ions derived from labeled immonium ions is shown. The in-vitro experiments were performed with human skin tissue microsomes (S9), and model drugs representing prohibited peptide hormones were synacthen, insulin, and corticorelin (respectively, their stable isotope-labeled analogs). After generic sample preparation, the metabolites were identified by means of liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) in an untargeted approach.

Results and conclusions

For all three model peptides, several metabolic products were readily identified. While insulin and corticorelin were found to be comparably stable, synacthen was fully degraded, yielding a plethora of metabolic products. A proof of concept concerning the transferability of the obtained data was accomplished by analyzing plasma samples collected post-administration of recombinant human insulin, corroborating the presence of a skin protease-indicative insulin metabolite in vivo.
Mineralogical Phase of Slag and Its Effect on Dephosphorization during Converter Steelmaking Using Slag-Remaining Technology
Authors: Abulikemu Yasen , Han Xiao , Li Jing
Published: December 2019

To achieve reuse of converter slag, the influence of the P2O5 content on the component activity of dephosphorization slag, the basicity of the slag, and the phosphorus content in liquid steel were studied and the influence of temperature on the end phosphorus content in liquid steel was analyzed. The results show that the slag remaining in the last heat still exhibited strong dephosphorization ability. Six heats of industrial basic oxygen furnace trials with a 100t-scale top–bottom combined blown converter were carried out using slag-remaining technology. The phases of dephosphorization slag were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy– energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The decomposition reaction of RO phase (a solid-solution composed of some divalent metal oxides, such as FeO, MgO, MnO, CaO, etc.) was relatively complete in slag with a high CaO/SiO2 ratio but was not complete in the slag with a low CaO/SiO2 ratio. Euhedral crystals of 2CaO· SiO2 with certain amount of 3CaO· P2O5 were formed, resulting in a solid-solution phase of 2CaO· SiO2–3CaO· P2O5. The liquid phase was present in greater amount and was mainly composed of calcium ferrite. The enrichment of SiO2 and P2O5 was easier with increasing recycling times of the converter slag. To maintain a higher efficiency of dephosphorization, the P2O5 content in the slag should be maintained below 3% and the CaO/SiO2 ratio of slag should be maintained above 3.
Predictors of sun protection behavior in high school students of Ahvaz: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Moshki Mahdi , Karimy Mahmood , Asl Heydar Rahmati , Mojadam Mehdi , Araban Marzieh
Published: December 2019

Objective

The aim of this study was to predict sun protection behavior by using the protection-motivation theory (PMT).

Introduction

Sun exposure during childhood and adolescence has a very important role in the development of skin cancer in the future.

Case

This was a cross-sectional study. Applying multi-stage random assignment, 380 students from Ahvaz were entered into the study in 2014. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire based on the PMT. An independent t-test, the Mann-Whitney test, Spearman’s correlation and a regression test were used to analyze data by SPSS 15.

Result

Among 380 students, 48.2% were male and 51.8% were female. Constructs of the PMT accounted for (adjusted R2) 39% observed variance of protection-motivation or intention to do behaviors and 15% observed variance for sun-protection behaviors through protection motivation, self-efficacy and perceived susceptibility, respectively.

Discussion

The PMT may be used as a framework to design intervention programs in an attempt to improve intention to perform sun protection behaviors of students. However, the model did not show optimal predictive power for adherence to sun-protection self-care behavior. The findings from this study have important implications in skin cancer prevention.