bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Pure” or “useful”: the cultural status of science and the prospects for its change
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pirozhkova S.V.
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the evolution of the cultural status of science by considering its history through the prism of the opposition to the ideal of pure and useful science. The purpose of the study is not to propose a new periodization of the development of the scientific tradition, but to identify the dynamics of its relationship with the cultural whole and to correct on this basis the previously obtained scenarios of the development of science as a cultural phenomenon. It is shown that science arises as a separate social practice, opposed to another type of normalized activity. The way out from under such rationing is fixed by the idea of scientific leisure as a necessary condition for scientific and philosophical knowledge. This is a model of pure science, the practical usefulness of which is not questioned. However, the very fact of the appearance of a new type of activity entails its socialization, transformation into a profession and the gradual emergence of the principle of the social utility of science. The accumulated historical experience leads to the formation in modern times of a strategy for justifying science as both existentially and ideologically valuable (through its integration into religious discourse) and practically useful. Secularization, scientific and technological progress and economic development lead to a non-religious interpretation of human history. This interpretation is characterized by the dominance of two socio-cultural myths – technological and economic. The future of science depends on whether it will be absorbed by these myths (largely generated by itself) or will be able to offer, primarily through the efforts of socio-humanitarian disciplines, an alternative project for the development of culture.
The Spectrum of Concepts in the Existential Ontology of J.-P. Sartre
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Saenko Alexander
Published: January 2022

The relevance of studying the typology of philosophical concepts to overcome the negative attitude to the complexity of the philosophical language is noted. The author's typology of concepts is proposed, consisting of concepts-universals, concepts-classifiers, author's concepts and situational author's concepts. This typology is superimposed on the creative heritage of J.-P. Sartre. The conclusion is made about the peculiarities of writing of Sartre.
Mental Rigidity: a Psychopathology or a Chance for Attaining Transcendence (drawing on K. Jaspers’s Existential Anthropology)
Authors:   National Research University of Electronic Technologies (MIET), Golikov Kirill
Published: January 2022

This article discusses the idea of the German philosopher and psychiatrist Karl Jaspers about a close connection between a psychological disease and unleashing of a human potential. The very psychopathology of a modern man is interpreted as an urge for freedom, that has acquired ugly forms. The author suggests a solution to the problem of mental rigidity. Levels of consciousness development, a psychological triad and its possible manifestations within one’s worldview, as well as positive and negative types of psychodynamic are presented as a plausible paradigm for orientation in the world. The discussed approach can serve as a method of analyzing individual conditioning and a broad range of phenomena of the modern culture.
The Philosopher’s plant: An Intellectual Herbarium (Aristotle Wheat (chapter 2), Avicenna’s Celery (chapter 5))
Authors:   University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Marder Michael , Kulagina-Yartseva Valentina ,   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Krotovskaya Natalia ,   RAS Institute of Philosophy
Published: January 2022

The journal continues to publish translations of chapters of the book by the famous phenomenologist Michael Marder “The Philosopher’s Plants (An Intellectual Herbarium)”. Two of the twelve stories were chosen — “Aristotle's Wheat” and “Avicenna's Celery”. The author analyzes the views of the ancient philosopher Aristotle and the medieval Persian philosopher and physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna) on the nature of plants and their place in the diverse world of living beings, showing how the images of wheat and celery become an important part of their philosophical reflections. Marder emphasizes that the ancient scientists were alien to modern systems of biological classification. Each creation occupied its own niche and existed for a specific purpose. However, the contours of these teleologies were not at all what we imagine them to be. For example, for Aristotle, a noble man, a noble animal and a noble plant had more in common than two representatives of the same biological kingdom. In addition, the boundaries between them were quite shaky. A stupid person, unable to follow the strict principles of logic, was literally like a plant. Avicenna discovers in plants the “vegetable soul”, above which he puts the “animal soul”. He finds both of these levels in a person. Awareness of this totality is necessary, according to Avicenna, for genuine self-knowledge and, consequently, for the knowledge of God. The author of the book attempts to answer the question: what if the mixture of similar beings passing into and out of each other, characteristic of the ancient and medieval world, is not a fantastic fiction, but an insightful description of our transgenic present and future?
Panpsychism in the Contemporary Analytical Philosophy of Mind
Authors:   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Gusev Alexander
Published: January 2022

The article deals with panpsychic conceptions in contemporary analytical philosophy of mind. According to some influential philosophers, panpsychism has theoretical resources for solving both the old riddle of R. Descartes about the causal relationship between the realms of the mental and the physical, and the hard problem of consciousness by D. Chalmers — "Why do some physical systems generate conscious experience?". In the second half of the twentieth century, there were heated discussions in analytical philosophy about whether certain aspects of conscious metal states, the phenomenal properties of experience, are irreducible to anything physical or functional. The strategy of contemporary supporters of panpsychic conceptions is to try to reasonably expand our ontology. They add to the microlevel a primitive analogue of the conscious experience possessed by such fundamental physical entities as elementary particles. Thus, phenomenal consciousness in its microform not only becomes a fundamental and irreducible element of reality, but also receives its causal relevance at the macro level. Nevertheless, all varieties of panpsychism face the combination problem: "How does the combination of the experience of fundamental physical entities lead to the emergence of consciousness?". The article assesses the plausibility of the main responses to different variations of the combination problem. It is shown that after revision, panpsychic conceptions lose their advantage over dualism and physicalism for various reasons. In the case of emergent and autonomous panpsychism, the concept of micro-experience becomes theoretically useless. S. Coleman's answer through the elimination of microsubjects leads to the rejection of panpsychism, and the idea of a phenomenal combination of P. Goff is burdened by the fact that we are, in principle, epistemically closed to its understanding. The author comes to the conclusion that the difficult problem of consciousness is not solvable due to the inevitability of its epistemological component, and not metaphysical or empirical. Until then, the question of the form is "does object X really have a phenomenal first-person perspective?" makes sense, we will somehow be inclined to believe that the hard problem of consciousness has not yet been solved.
A.S. Panarin’s civilizational concept and problems of the current world political process
Authors:   Donetsk National University, Сrimean Academy of Science, Muza Dmitry E.
Published: January 2022

The article offers an interpretation of the philosophical and historical concept of A.S. Pa­narin, which covers a wide range of issues of civilizational development of mankind, as well as options for the constitution of cultural and political orders of being differenti­ated by value bases of humanity. The research hypothesis consists not only in the articulation of the Panarin heritage, the long-term activity of his scientific school, but also in the reconstruction and interpreta­tion of the main provisions of his civilizational concept, which are applicable to the world political process and its intrigues. Today we can say that many intuitions and insights of the thinker come true. In particular, the “revenge of History” took place, namely, its “eastern megacycle”, where Russia and Russian civilization play a decisive role. It is shown that the focus of understanding political dynamics proposed by A.S. Panarin directly points to “civilizational strategies” that cover the claims of civilizations to format and route History. In turn, the plot of the “civilizational strategy” of Western civilization is outlined, which is particularly destructive in relation to non-Western civilizational sys­tems. And in many ways, this state of affairs is caused by the “crisis of the postulates of historical rationality”. On the contrary, the cooperation of non-Western civilizations, which is possible not only on a geopolitical, but also on an ethical and axiological basis, still seems to be a promising way to change the nature and logic of History. Summing up, we can say that the civilizational concept of A.S. Panarin serves as an im­portant methodological a reference point in understanding the global dynamics, as well as the civilizational existence of Russia.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Breastfeeding in Israel A Cross- Sectional, Observational Study
Authors: Magnazi Moran , Sartena Gaya , Goldberg Michal , Zimmerman Denna , Ofir Einat , Baruch Ravit , Endevelt Ronit
Published: January 2022

Background Since the beginning of 2020, the world has been coping with the COVID-19 pandemic. One group particularly affected by the pandemic were mothers to newborns. The Israeli government imposed three lockdowns. The first lockdown was from March 14th until May 11th and the most rigid with the strictest rules causes emotional effects like panic and stress. Mothers to newborns coped with new challenges as they stayed without help from the vast family, could not meet breastfeeding support, and stayed longer on maternity leave.Methods A cross- sectional, observational study collected data by an online survey in Israel. The survey was distributed through social media between the 27th of April to 11th of May 2020. The survey contained 42 multiples choice questions and open questions regarding breastfeeding. Results 580 women participated in the study. Most of the mothers were over 30, mean age 32.55, married with a university degree (81.5%). From 580 participants, 127 (22%) women reported changes in their lactation plans. 85 (15%) responded that due to the COVID-19 pandemic they extended their lactation and 42 (7%) responded they shortened it. We found a significant relationship between extending the plan duration of breastfeeding and returned to work later than expected p<0.001. We asked the mothers to rank the steps Israel should take to encourage breastfeeding. The highest agreement with 96% was to extend maternity leave. More than 90% believe that receiving breastfeeding consultations at home and in the hospital will encourage breastfeeding. Conclusions The finding of this study demonstrated that women experienced difficulties during the lockdown. However, some of the women lengthen their breastfeeding, because they stayed home longer than they expected due to the pandemic. This finding should be considered for future emergency situations.
In-conduit capture of sub-micron volcanic ash particles via turbophoresis and sintering
Authors: Farquharson Jamie , Tuffen Hugh , Wadsworth Fabian , Castro Jonathan , Schipper C. Ian
Published: January 2022

Ash emission in explosive silicic eruptions can have widespread impacts for human health, agriculture, infrastructure, and aviation. Estimates of the total grainsize distribution (TGSD) generated during explosive magma fragmentation underpins eruption models and ash dispersal forecasts. Conventionally, the TGSD constrained via erupted deposits is assumed to match the TGSD produced at explosive fragmentation. Here we present observations from within the vent of a recent rhyolitic eruption (Cordón Caulle, Chile, 2011–2012), demonstrating that fine and ultra-fine ash particles are captured and sintered to fracture surfaces, and thus sequestered in the shallow subsurface, rather than emitted. We establish a conceptual model—uniquely contextualised through a combination of syn-eruptive observations and detailed post-eruption field investigation—in which turbophoresis (particle migration towards zones of lower turbulence) and rapid sintering create an inverse relationship between particle size and the probability of its subsurface capture. Such size-dependent capture efficiency preferentially removes submicron-diameter ash from the erupted componentry, decoupling the erupted size distribution from magmatic source conditions and potentially playing an important role in modulating eruption dynamics.
Evaluating the Antimicrobial Effect of Postbiotic Extract from Lactobacillus Casei on Escherichia Coli in Commercial Sterilized Milk
Authors: Hosseini Samira , Homayouni-Rad Aziz , Kafil Hossein Samadi , Doroud Nazli
Published: January 2022

the antimicrobial effect postbiotics extant of Lactobacillus casei was evaluated against Escherichia coli by well propagation method and growth inhibition zone diameter was measured. The selected concentration of the postbiotic extract of Lactobacillus casei was added to milk containing E. coli, followed by evaluating the changes in colony number and pH during storage (1 and 5) days. at a temperature of 4°C and compared with control milk. The largest growth inhibition zone was formed at a concentration of 800 µl/ml against E. coli. Also, the counts of E. coli decreased on days 1 and 5 in the evaluated milk containing postbiotic (P≤ 0.05). The pH of milk containing postbiotic was 6.5-6.8 (P≤ 0.05). The results showed that the postbiotics of L. casei inhibited the growth of E. coli in milk containing.
Suppressing Chaos in Damped Driven Systems by Non-Harmonic Excitations: Experimental Robustness Against Potential's Mismatches
Authors: Palmero Faustino , Chacón Ricardo
Published: January 2022

The robustness of a chaos-suppressing scenario against potential mismatches is experimentally studied through the universal model of a damped, harmonically driven two-well Duffing oscillator subject to non-harmonic chaos-suppressing excitations. We consider a second order analogous electrical circuit having an extremely simple two-well potential that differs from that of the standard two-well Duffing model, and compare the main theoretical predictions regarding the chaos-suppressing scenario from the latter with experimental results from the former. Our experimental results prove the high robustness of the chaos-suppressing scenario against potential mismatches regardless of the (constant) values of the remaining parameters. Specifically, the predictions of an inverse dependence of the regularization area in the control parameter plane on the impulse of the chaos-suppressing excitation as well as of a minimal effective amplitude of the chaos-suppressing excitation when the impulse transmitted is maximum were experimentally confirmed.
Alloferon-1 Ameliorates Acute Inflammatory Responses In λ-Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema In Mice
Authors: Zhang Xiangrui , Retyunskiy Vladimir , Qiao Shuai , Zhao Ye , Tzeng Chi-Meng
Published: January 2022

Alloferon-1 have been proposed as an effective peptide to enhance antitumoral immunity, antiviral defense and anti-inflammatory activity. This work aimed to assess anti-inflammatory effects of alloferon-1 against acute inflammation and histopathological deformations in λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. Systemic pretreatment with the alloferon-1 (22.0 mg/kg) injected mice showed a significant reduction in paw thickness and vascular permeability. Alloferon-1 prevented λ-carrageenan-evoked exudation and the neutrophil influx to the mouse pleura and the neutrophil migration into carrageenan-stimulated mouse air pouches based on the histopathological changes in the paw tissue. Administration of alloferon-1 also suppressed the expression of the inflammatory cytokines in the inflamed paw tissue such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), interleukin-5 (IL-5), etc. by Luminex liquid chip. Collectively, the present study provides evidences for the marked anti-inflammatory effects of alloferon-1 which might represent new therapeutic options for the treatment of acute inflammation inflammatory diseases.
Post-exposure Persistence of Nitric Oxide Upregulation in Skin Cells Irradiated by UV-A 1
Authors: Hazell Gareth , Khazova Marina , Cohen Howard , Felton Sarah , Raj Ken
Published: January 2022

Evidence suggests that exposure to the UV-A radiation can liberate nitric oxide from skin cells eliciting vasodilation in-vivo. However, the duration of nitric oxide release in skin cells after UV exposure is not well studied, with emphasis on UV-B mediated iNOS upregulation. The current study demonstrated persistence of nitric oxide release in a dark reaction after moderate UV-A exposure, peaking around 48h post exposure; this effect was shown in keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells of both neonatal and aged donors and confirmed the hypothesis that UV-A exposure appeared to upregulate cNOS alongside iNOS. Release of nitric oxide in the skin cells induced by a moderate exposure to UV-A in sunlight may be especially beneficial for some demographic groups such as the elderly, hypertensive patients or those with impaired nitric oxide function, not only during exposure but many hours and days after that.
Chrysanthemum × Grandiflora Leaf and Root Transcript Profiling in Response to Salinity Stress
Authors: Liu He , Liu Yu , Xu Ning , Sun Ying , Li Qiang , Yue Liran , Zhou Yunwei , He Miao
Published: January 2022

As high soil salinity threatens the growth and development of plants, understanding the mechanism of plants’ salt tolerance is critical. As a newly developed species with a strong salt resistance, the chrysanthemum × grandiflora possesses multiple genes that control its quantitative salt resistance. Because of this multigene control, we chose to investigate the plant’s stress genes’ overall responses at the transcriptome level. C. Grandiflora were treated with a 200 mM/L NaCl solution for 12 h, and the effect of salt stress on their roots and leaves was analyzed via Illumina RNA sequencing. Most DEGs were enriched in GO annotations of ‘biological process,’ ‘nucleus,’ and ‘protein binding’. There are many genes in plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropane biology pathways, and we observed that most of the genes had the same expression patterns in the roots and leaves. Among them, PAL, CYP73A, and 4CL in the phenylpropane biosynthetic pathway were upregulated in roots and leaves. In the salicylic acid signal transduction pathway, TGA7 was upregulated in the roots and leaves, and in the jasmonic acid signal transduction pathway, TIFY9 was upregulated in the roots and leaves. In the ion transporter gene, we identified that HKT1 showed identical expression patterns in the roots and leaves. In order to verify the accuracy of the Illumina sequencing data, we selected 16 DEGs for transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. qRT-PCR and transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that the transcriptome sequencing results were reliable.
Effects of nuts and unsaturated fatty acids on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: XU Yan , ZHANG Yan
Published: January 2022

Objective

To analyze the influence of nuts and unsaturated fatty acids on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and put forward reasonable suggestions for prevention.
Methods

A total of 696 patients (483 males and 213 females) admitted to Tang Du Hospital from September 2019 to May 2021 were included in the study. The effects of several factors on NAFLD were analyzed by Logistic regression, and the OR value was calculated. Smooth curves were plotted and stratified by sex, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension.
Results

nut intake (OR= 0.97678, 95% IC [0.95581, 0.99822], P=0.033894. RR= 0.9812) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (OR= 1.20633,95༅ IC [1.12796, 1.29014], P<0.000001. RR= 1.1601) had an effect on NAFLD. The risk of NAFLD was the lowest when nut intake was 2.82 g/day, while the risk of NAFLD was highest when the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids was 30.02g/day.
Conclusions

we recommend 2.82g/day for nuts. Men are more suitable for eating nuts than women. Patients with hyperlipidemia should consume more nuts appropriately, and patients with diabetes should consume 3.74g/day. Polyunsaturated fatty acids should also be reduced to less than 30.02 g/day.
Preferences of Pinus Sylvestris Seedling Roots for Different Phosphorus Sources under Phosphorus-Deficient Conditions
Authors: Lei Kaiyu , Creber Hamish , Bol Roland , Sohi Saran P.
Published: January 2022

PurposePhosphorus (P) is a limiting nutrient in many managed forests. To further understand the risks and benefits of biochar as a sustainable P source in forest management, an improved mechanistic understanding of its interactions in root systems is required.MethodsA rhizobox experiment was conducted to observe root response of P. sylvestris (Scots pine) seedlings to different biochars in comparison to triple superphosphate (TSP) fertilizer as a P source. Three types of wood-derived biochar were compared: biochar from mixed softwood pellets (“Reference biochar”); from the vascular cambium zone of Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce) (“VCZ biochar”) and from mixed softwood pellets infused with TSP (“Processed biochar”). These alternative types of biochar presented a range of available P from low to high. The activity of roots in the rhizoboxes was monitored and analyzed using spatial GIS software.ResultsThe total length of P. sylvestris roots did not significantly differ between treatments. However, roots showed strong preference for soil proximal to VCZ biochar and strong avoidance to TSP fertilizer. There was a milder avoidance effect for Processed biochar. Different preferences were mainly explained by available P: roots favored a moderate, sustained P source and avoided sources of high available P. The avoidance effect can be attributed partially to a considerable drop in soil pH around TSP fertilizer. ConclusionThe concentration and duration of P availability affects the root response of P. sylvestris to sources of P. In P-deficient conditions, the development of P. sylvestris roots can be markedly improved by introducing biochar with a certain native P content.
Can low anthropometric features contribute to the non-screening for hypertension among adults in Burkina Faso: Results from the secondary analysis using the database of the 2013 WHO STEPS survey
Authors: Diendéré Jeoffray , Rouamba Toussaint , Kaboré Jean , Zeba Augustin Nawidimbasba , Tinto Halidou , Ouédraogo Sylvin , Millogo Athanase , Kouanda Séni
Published: January 2022

Background

This paper compared the anthropometric and blood pressure features between the adults who have ever and never been screened for hypertension prior to the first WHO’ Stepwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) survey in Burkina Faso and assessed the associated factors with the uptake of the hypertension screening.
Methods

This was a secondary analysis using primary data from a cross-sectional study which were obtained from the 2013 STEPS survey conducted in Burkina Faso. We included 3831 men and women aged 25–64 years. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed using Student’s t, and chi-square tests and logistic regression models respectively.
Results

Before the survey, 41.6% of participants have never been screened for hypertension, and comparatively to those who have ever been screened, they had significant lower means of weight, waist circumference and body mass index and lower prevalences of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. The prevalence of prehypertension was similar between in the two groups (41.6% in those who have never been screened vs 39.5%; p=0.19) whereas that of hypertension was lower in those who have never been screened (17.3% vs 20.8%; p=0.007). In addition to the important socio-demographic correlates in the logistic regression, the presence of both overweight/obesity (aOR=1.3; p=0.03) and abdominal obesity (aOR=1.3; p=0.002) were significantly associated with the uptake of hypertension screening.
Conclusion

Prehypertension and hypertension were also frequent in adults who had never been screened for hypertension and they usually had a slim-looking build, while the overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity status may motivate for the uptake of the hypertension screening.
Evaluation of Laboratory Management Based on a Combination of TOPSIS and RSR Methods
Authors: ZHAO Chihong , LIU Bo , LI Jing , LI Sisi , XIAO Ping , KE Changwen , ZHANG Shuangfeng , ZHANG Hong , FU Xiaoqing , CHEN Kun , GUO Hua , LIU Yan , GUO Yuanyuan , ZHANG Xiumin
Published: January 2022

Background

In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of management for pathogenic microbiology laboratories is performed based on a combination of Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Rank Sum Ratio (RSR) methods; in addition, the basis for improving laboratory management is provided.
Methods

Using the laboratory evaluation tool developed by World Health Organization and a combination of TOPSIS and RSR methods, a system of evaluation indicators for the management of Chinese pathogenic microbiology laboratories is established for comprehensively evaluating the pathogenic microbiology laboratories of seven provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Results

The evaluation system includes 12 primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators. In terms of laboratory management, the seven laboratories were ranked as D, G, E, C, F, B, and A in descending order. None of these laboratories were evaluated as “good” or “poor.” One of the laboratories was marked as “relatively poor” (A), two as “medium” (B and F), and four as “relatively good” (C, E, G, and D).
Conclusion

In this study, a method for evaluating laboratory management using the TOPSIS and RSR methods is proposed, and a basis for comprehensively evaluating laboratory management for pathogenic microbiology laboratories is provided to reflect management practices.
Domestic Value Added as an Indicator for Sustainability Assessment – a Case Study on Alternative Drivetrains in the Passenger Car Sector
Authors: Harzendorf Freia , Wulf Christina , Haase Martina , Baumann Manuel , Ersoy Hüseyin , Zapp Petra
Published: January 2022

In order to broaden the economic pillar in sustainability assessment the indicator ‘domestic value added’ is introduced. ‘Domestic value added’ aims at comparing technologies with regards to their prospective influence on the added value of a country. This is done by classifying a technology’s value added to the developed categories domestic, potential domestic and non-domestic. Within this paper methods for estimating this indicator are introduced. Two methods are proposed, presented and assessed especially considering their applicability in a sustainability assessment context. Both methods are tested on a case study comparing two alternative drivetrain technologies for the passenger car sector (battery and fuel cell electric vehicle) to the conventionally used internal combustion engine. The first method is based on a classic economic assessment whereas the second is based on Input Output analysis. The results show, that from a ‘domestic value added’ perspective the battery electric vehicle is already more advantageous than the conventionally used internal combustion engine in percentage and absolute numbers. Fuel cell electric vehicles have the highest potential to increase their ‘domestic value added’ share in the future. This paper gives practical information on how to prospectively assess ‘domestic value added’ due to substituting existing with less developed technologies or innovation.
­Integrating concept of pharmacophore with Graph Neural Networks for chemical property prediction and interpretation
Authors: Kong Yue , Zhao Xiaoman , Liu Ruizi , Yang Zhenwu , Yin Hongyan , Zhao Bowen , Wang Jinling , Qin Bingjie , Yan Aixia
Published: January 2022

Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have revolutionized the field of chemical property prediction and achieved state-of-the-art results on benchmark data sets. Compared with the traditional descriptor- and fingerprint-based QSAR models, GNNs can learn task related representations, which completely gets rid of the rules defined by experts. However, due to the lack of useful prior knowledge, the prediction performance and interpretability of the GNNs may be affected. In this study, we introduced a new GNN model called PharmGNN for chemical property prediction that integrated pharmacophore information hierarchically into message-passing neural network (MPNN) architecture, specifically, in the way of pharmacophore-based reduced-graph (RG) pooling. PharmGNN absorbed not only the information of atoms and bonds from the atom-level message-passing phase, but also the information of pharmacophores from the RG-level message-passing phase. Our experimental results on eleven benchmark and ten kinase data sets showed that our model consistently matched or outperformed other existing GNN models. Furthermore, we demonstrated that applying pharmacophore-based RG pooling to MPNN architecture can generally help GNN models improve the predictive power. The cluster analysis of PharmGNN representations and the importance analysis of pharmacophore nodes will help chemists gain insights for hit discovery and lead optimization.
Comparison of Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Based on Two Machine Learning Algorithm Models
Authors: Sun Deliang , Wang Yue , Zhang Jialan , Wen Haijia , Xu Jiahui , Zhou Xinzhi
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research is to develop and compare two machine learning methods, namely, artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF) used for in landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) of Wushan County. Firstly, 866 landslides were collected from extensive field investigations, historical records and satellite images from 2001 to 2016. Based on previous literature reviews and the field investigations, a geospatial database was established in geographic information system (GIS) based on topography, geological conditions, environmental conditions and human activities factors, including 22 conditioning factors. Then, based on samples of landslides and non-landslides, the 10-fold cross-validation was used to select the best training and test datasets. Finally, the LSMs of Wushan County were generated. Subsequently, susceptibility maps of the two models were divided into: very low, low, medium, high and very high class using experts’ experience method. The two models were compared with area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plot values (AUC) and confusion matrix. The AUC values of the ANN and RF models’ test dataset was 0.966 and 1.000, and the accuracy were 0.953 and 1.000, respectively. According to the mean decrease Gini of RF model, the most important conditioning factors were elevation (a mean decrease accuracy of 72.38), followed by annual average rainfall (47.95) and POI kernel density (45.63). Above all, it is concluded that both ANN and RF models were satisfactory for the LSM of Wushan County at the mountainous region. The RF model had an outperformer prediction and is considerably more efficient than the ANN model.
Population Genetic Analyses Inferred a Limited Genetic Diversity in the Pvama-1 of Plasmodium Vivax Isolates from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Regions of Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Ibrar , Afridi Sahib Gul , Israr Muhammad , Khan Hizbullah , Shams Sulaiman , Zaib Komal , Le Huong Giang , Kang Jung-Mi , Na Byoung-Kuk , Khan Asifullah
Published: January 2022

Background: Plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen-1 (pvama-1) is an important vaccine candidate. Assessment of the genetic composition of pvama-1 is preliminary important to better plan the vaccine designing strategies based on the antigen.Methods: Blood samples of 84 vivax malaria patients from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan were collected. The pvama-1 domain 1 (DI) region was amplified and sequenced. The QC based sequences raw data filtration was done using DNASTAR package. The downstream population genetic analyses were performed using MEGA4, DnaSP, Arlequin v3.5 and network.5.Results: The data analyses unveiled total 57 haplotypes of pvama-1 DI among 84 KP P. vivax samples with majorly prevalent H-14 and H-5haplotypes. Limited to moderate pairwise genetic distinction was observed among the samples collected from different districts of KP. Likewise, no geography-specific genetic correlation was inferred among KP samples. In context of worldwide available data, the KP samples showed major genetic differentiation against Korean samples with Fst = 0.40915 (P-value =0.0001), while low distinction observed against India and Iranian samples. An excess of low frequency polymorphism and negative Tajima’s D indicate purifying selection signatures across the pvama-1 in KP P.vivax samples. Comparison of KP pvama-1 DI with the reference pvama-1 SalI (AF063138) unveiled total 09 KP samples-specific novel non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) including several trimorphic and tetramorphic substitutions. Few of these nsSNPs were mapped within the B-cell predicted epitopic motifs of the pvama-1 and, suggesting to modulate the immune response mechanisms. Conclusion: The genetic composition of the pvama-1 appeared uniform across the KP regions of Pakistan. However, the KP samples exhibited marked genetic distinction in context of worldwide samples. The information may worthy to understand genetic nature of Pakistani P. vivax and implicate in future in pvama-1 vaccine designing.
Oncoprotein CIP2A controls PKM2 dimer-tetramer transition through phosphorylation of serine 287 in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liang Li-Jun , Zhang Yan-Fei , Wang Di , Wang Fu-Ying , Xie Da-Wei , Yu Hong , Wang Zheng , Sun Bei-Bei , Gao San-Hui , Guo Hua , Zhao Xin-Chao , Wang Gui-Zhen , Zhou Guang-Biao
Published: January 2022

Dimer-tetramer transition determines the pyruvate kinase activity of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), the final rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis. Several small molecules have been shown to be able to promote PKM2 confirmation change, but the role of oncoproteins including the cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase PP2A (CIP2A) that is overexpressed in most human malignancies, in PKM2 dimer-tetramer transition remains largely unknown. Here we reported that CIP2A inhibited glycolysis and promoted oxidative metabolism in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. CIP2A directly bound PKM2 and induced formation of PKM2 tetramer, whereas CIP2A depletion resulted in reduced tetrameric and increased dimeric forms of PKM2. We found that serine 287 of PKM2 was essential for PKM2 dimer-tetramer switching, whereas mutation in this residue abrogated CIP2A-induced tetramer formation and pyruvate kinase activity increment. Clinically, the expression of CIP2A was positively associated with the level of phosphorylated PKM2 S287, and CIP2Ahigh/PKM2high and PKM2high/CIP2Ahigh were associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis or activation of PKM2 synergistically inhibited NSCLC cell growth when combined with CIP2A-targeting compound celastrol both in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrated that CIP2A determines PKM2 dimer-tetramer transition and controls the metabolic reprogramming of NSCLC cells.
An Etiological and Maintenance Model of Perfectionism
Authors: Pourshahbaz Abbas , Moloodi Reza , Mohammadkhani Parvaneh , Fata Ladan , Barani Masoumeh , Egan Sarah J. , Ghaderi Ata
Published: January 2022

Background: The present study aimed to test a model of perfectionism investigating parenting style, early maladaptive schemas and sensitivity to reinforcement theory. Methods: A general population sample (n=384), and a clinical sample consisting of individuals with major depressive disorder (n=40), social anxiety disorder (n=35), obsessive compulsive disorder (n=39), and eating disorders (n=38) completed measures of parenting, early maladaptive schemas, perfectionism, inhibition/approach system, avoidance and overcompensation coping styles, and psychological distress.Results: The path analysis indicated that the model fits with data from both samples. Conclusion: The results inidicate that future research should further investigate a range of variables to further understand perfectionism.
A Machine Learning Approach to Identify Small Molecule Inhibitors of Secondary Nucleation in α-Synuclein Aggregation
Authors: Horne Robert , Possenti Andrea , Chia Sean , Brotzakis Z. Faidon , Staats Roxine , Nowinska Magdalena , Vendruscolo Michele
Published: January 2022

Drug development is an increasingly active area of application of machine learning, prompted by the need to overcome the high attrition rates of conventional drug discovery pipelines. This issue is especially pressing for neurodegenerative diseases, where disease-modifying drugs are not widely available yet. To address this problem, we describe an approach based on a combination of machine learning with chemical kinetics to target diseases caused by protein misfolding and aggregation. We use this approach to identify specific inhibitors of the proliferation of α-synuclein aggregates through secondary nucleation, a process implicated in Parkinson’s disease. Our results demonstrate that this approach leads to the identification of novel chemical matter with an improved hit rate and potency over more traditional approaches.
Knockdown of Superoxide Dismutase 6 Inhibits Neuronal Remodelling During Metamorphosis in Tribolium Castaneum
Authors: Nishiko Maaya , Sakamoto Takuma , Mun Seulgi , Noh Mi Young , Arakane Yasuyuki , Kanost Michael , Arai Katsuhiko , Tabunoki Hiroko
Published: January 2022

The body form of holometabolous insects dramatically transforms from larval to adult stages during the pupal developmental stage. In motoneuron "remodelling," larval neuronal cells degenerate and reconnect to new adult muscles. However, the factor that controls location-specific neuronal remodelling has not yet been elucidated. Here, we show that an antioxidant enzyme, Tribolium castaneum superoxide dismutase 6 (TcSOD6), is secreted into the haemolymph and controls the remodelling of adult neuronal cells during metamorphosis. TcSOD6 has a unique domain architecture and is mainly expressed in the pupal developmental stage. The knockdown of TcSOD6 expression in the pupa inhibits axon formation, suggesting a need for SOD activity in neuronal remodelling. Therefore, we conclude that TcSOD6 plays a role in neuronal remodelling during metamorphosis, providing new insights into the evolution of SOD functions.
Deciphering Diversity at er Loci for Diversification of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Pea
Authors: Banyal Devender K , Dixit Himisha , Chaudhary Jaya , Malannavar Anudeep B , Thakur Nisha
Published: January 2022

Agricultural biotechnology aims to scrutinize the field crops which feed amongst half of the world’s population by improving their agronomic traits using various biotechnological tools. Pea- an important cash crop, rich in nutrients, but frequently infected with powdery mildew (fungal disease) that destroy the whole crop which causes the economy loss for growers. We therefore, targeted this research to find the pathogen resistant pea lines and further decipher the diversity at er locus among resistant pea lines. Screening for resistant pea lines was done with Erysiphe pisi isolates (Genebank submission: KX45 5922.1) under net house and green house conditions. Molecular studies revealed that Erysiphe resistant (er1) gene was present in 40 lines out of selected 50 pea lines and the mutational character was conferred up to 36 genotypes with 11 haplotype groups. The haplotype (gene) diversity (Hd) was found to be 0.5571±0.099 SD and the nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.0160±0.0042 SD Majority of resistant lines (67%) occurred in Hap-1, other remaining haplotypes (Hap 2-10) having 33% resistant lines, each showing characteristic nucleotide substitutions with respect to reference PsMLO1 gene; genotypes from these divergent haplotypes can be used in pea resistance breeding to avoid genetic homogeneity and genetic vulnerability.
Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of Hereditary Ovarian Cancer Gene Panels in Turkish Population
Authors: TUNCER SEREF BUGRA , Celik Betul , Erciyas Seda Kılıc , Erdogan Ozge Sukruoglu , Odemis Demet Akdeniz , Gültaslar Büşra Kurt , Ghafour Arash Adamnejad , Saip Mualla Pınar , Yazici Hulya
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Ovarian cancer is the seventh most frequent cancer in women worldwide and the eighth leading cause of death from cancer. Approximately 5–10% of all diagnosed cancer cases are caused by hereditary cancer risk syndromes. The aim of this study was investigate the prevalence of pathogenic variants associated with hereditary ovarian cancer propensity inTurkish people. Methods:630 patients with personal or a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer and other cancers included in the study. The Illumina NGS technology was used to enrich genomic DNA. Results:118 of the 630 tested people have pathogenic mutation (20.0%). The mutation distribution detected in a total of 130 patients was 131. 1 mutation (1,315%) in ATM , 40 different mutations (52.630%) in BRCA1, 29 different mutations in BRCA2 (38.165%), 2 different mutations (2,630) in CHEK2, 1 mutation (1,315%) in ERCC2, 1 mutation (1,315%) in MUTYH, 1 mutation (1,315%) in RAD51C, and 1 mutation (1,315%) were detected in TP53.Notably, in a patient with ovarian cancer both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations; BRCA1 NM_007294.3Ex1c.135-2A>Gp.?rs80358065 and BRCA2 NM_000059.3 Ex 11 c.6466_6469delTCTC p.Ser2156Asnfs*11rs879255330 were found, respectively. Conclusion: Analysis of gene panels demonstrate the clinical importance of multigene panel analysis in hereditary cancer predisposition meeting the BRCA1/2 NCCN criteria in Turkish population.
When Ankylosing Spondylitis and Takayasu Arteritis walking into a bar named Syndesmophytes
Authors: Chen Jie , Gu Liyang , Zhou Yan , Li Ting , Ye Shuang
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesThis study was to describe the characteristics of syndesmophytes in different inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases aiming to reflect the aortic-vertebrae interaction.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study including four group of patients, ankylosing spondylitis (AS, n=52), Takayasu's arteritis (TKA, n=31), diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH, n=30), coronary artery disease (CAD, n=100), and also age-matched healthy controls (HC, n=143). All subjects underwent a chest CT and images of the upper and lower border of seven adjacent thoracic vertebrae (T5 to T12) were captured. An ‘aorta ipsilateral ratio’ (AIR) of the syndesmophyte was calculated as the area crossed the midline toward aorta side divided by the total syndesmophyte area.ResultsThe frequency of subjects with syndesmophyte and syndesmophyte counts increased with age across the board. Frequencies of syndesmophyte in AS and TKA were much higher than age-matched HCs. The AIRs were significantly elevated in AS, TKA and CAD compared with DISH or age-matched HCs. In addition, the AIR of patients with higher CRP levels (>8mg/L) were greater than that of those with lower levels, both among AS and CAD patients.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that, in an inflammatory niche, regardless the origin or the grade of the inflammation, syndesmophyte formation will be facilitated and screwed toward aorta. There is a possible mechanistic connection between large vessel and new bone formation in the context of inflammation.
Relationship Between Blood Manganese and Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content in Adults: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhu Yong , Long Haitao , Ou Mingning , Zhao Shushan
Published: January 2022

It has been reported that bone is the primary organ for manganese(Mn) accumulation, but the association between manganese and bone loss remains debatable. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between blood manganese and bone mineral density/bone mineral content (BMD/BMC) by using a representative sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A total of 9732 subjects over the age of 18 with available data were enrolled in this study. The relationship between blood manganese and BMD/BMC of the total body, spine and femoral regions was evaluated using multivariate linear regression models. Subgroup analyses were also performed. We observed a negative association between blood manganese and BMD/BMC in the femoral neck and total body in the fully adjusted model, especially femoral neck BMD in women aged 50-70 years. In brief, people exposed to manganese should be aware of the increased risk of osteopenia or osteoporosis. Besides, due to the lack of available data, there are no definite values for the tolerable upper intake level (UL), average requirement (AR) and population reference intake (PRI) of manganese. The results of our study may provide some references for the establishment of AR, PRI and UL of Mn.
Differentially Expressed Genes and Key Pathways in Triple Negative Breast Cancers: A Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Shi Zuolin , Liu Xiyu , Zhang Na , Guan Hongna
Published: January 2022

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is usually associated with poor outcome, and is characterized by lack of estrogen and progesterone hormone receptors and lack of overexpression of HER2. The aim of this study was to identify gene signatures during TNBCs and uncover their potential mechanisms.Methods: The gene expression profiles of GDS4069 were downloaded from GEO database. The GDS4069 dataset contained 19 samples, including 5 TNBCs, and 14 non-TNBCs (Control). The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was constructed by Cytoscape software. The research was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.Results: In total, 603 DEGs were identified in TNBCs, including 199 up-regulated genes and 403 down-regulated genes. GO analysis results showed that up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes (BP), including adaptive immune response, immunological synapse, positive regulation of GTPase, positive regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and positive regulation of T cell, et al.; the down-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes, including cilium assembly, protein transport, intracellular transport, cilium morphogenesis, anterior/posterior pattern specification, and positive regulation of cilium assembly. KEGG pathway analysis showed the up-regulated DEGs were enriched in hematopoietic cell lineage signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway, and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-globo series signaling pathway, while the down-regulated DEGs were enriched in peroxisome signaling pathway.Conclusions: The present study indicated that the identified DEGs and hub genes promote our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of TNBCs, and might be used as molecular targets and diagnostic biomarkers for the treatment of TNBCs.