bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La derecha española y la II República: neofranquismo e historia
Authors: Reig Tapia Alberto
Published: March 2023

Se analiza la malquerencia que sobre el régimen republicano tienen las derechas españolas, especialmente por lo que se refiere a la Segunda (1931- 1939), dada la brevedad de la primera (1873-1874) y porque prácticamente toda la memoria histórica para bien y para mal se concentra en la segunda. Se resalta la contradicción existente entre la radical descalificación del régimen republicano, declarándose la actual derecha española aglutinada en el Partido Popular como liberal reformista, y los valores consagrados en la Constitución republicana de 1931. A este respecto se repasan las posiciones de los principales autores franquistas y neofranquistas confrontándolos con la numerosa bibliografía académica ya existente sobre dicho período histórico.Palabras clave: Segunda República, pseudohistoria, franquismo, neofranquismo, cultura política.Abstract:The animosity shown by the right-wing sectors to the Republican regime is analysed here. This hostility especially refers to the period covered by the Second Republic (1931-1939) and, because of its brevity, not to the First Republic (1873-1874). For better or worse, the entire historical memory is focused on the Second Republic. We highlight the contradiction between the vilification of the Republican regime -with the present Spanish right-wing self-defined as reformist liberal in the Partido Popular- and the values established in the Republican Constitution of 1931. In this regard, the main franquist and neofranquist authors are examined, contrasting them with the numerous academic studies that exist on that historical periodKey words: Second Republic, pseudohistory, franquism, neofranquism, political culture.
Rot resistance of tropical wood species affected by water leaching
Authors: Reinprecht Ladislav , Vidholdová Zuzana
Published: March 2023

Initial water leaching affects were studied relative to the rot resistance of 21 tropical wood species to the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana and the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor. The rot resistance of tropical woods, determined by their weight loss (∆m) at 6-weeks fungal attack, was differently influenced by the initial water leaching, as follows: in the 1st group of eight durable species (dark red meranti, macassar ebony, cerejeira, merbau, santos rosewood, zebrano, wengé, and karri) there occurred a very significant decrease of their high rot resistance (with statistical confidence in the range 99 to 99.9% for different species); in the 2nd group of 10 durable species (ipé, yellow balau, doussié, bubinga, ovengol, padouk, iroko, blue gum, maçaranduba, and makoré) there did not occur a decrease of their high rot resistance; and in the 3rd group of three less durable species (okoumé, tineo, sapelli) a weaker rot resistance did not change due to leaching. The durable tropical woods (18 species from the 1st and 2nd groups) were more resistant to the brown-rot fungus (∆mC.p.-average = 0.72%) than the white-rot fungus (∆mT.v.-average = 1.07%). However, this phenomenon was no longer apparent after water leaching (∆mC.p.-Leached-average = 2.61%; ∆mT.v.-Leached-average = 2.32%).
Using plant species for phytoremediation of highly weathered soils contaminated with zinc and copper with application of sewage sludge
Authors: Aishah Ramadan Mohamed , Shamshuddin Jusop , Fauziah Che Ishak , Arifin Abdu , Panhwar Qurban Ali
Published: March 2023

The ability of woody plant species to remediate heavy metals contaminated soils was investigated with the addition of sewage sludge. Jatropha curcas, Hibiscus cannabinus, Acacia mangium, and Syzygium cumini growth was monitored on an Oxisol- and an Ultisol-treated soil with sewage sludge at a level of 0% w/w, 5% w/w, or 10% w/w. The sewage sludge was found to enhance soil fertility, as shown by an increase in soil pH, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable bases (potassium, calcium, and magnesium), available phosphorous, total carbon, and total nitrogen. However, zinc and copper accumulated in soils at toxic levels; thus, they had to be removed before being used for crop production. The concentration of the two heavy metals in Jatropha curcas and Hibiscus cannabinus at harvest were higher than those of Acacia mangium and Syzygium cumini. The high uptake of zinc and copper by the first two plant species was the result of their high translocation factor, although the bio-concentration factor was low. Thus, Jatropha curcas and Hibiscus cannabinus were considered tolerant to zinc and copper toxicity and able to remove the metals efficiently from the contaminated soils.
Effects of extractives on degradation characteristics and VOCs released during wood heat treatment
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Zhao Zijian , Qian Jing , He Zhengbin , Yi Songlin
Published: March 2023

Eucalyptus was applied to investigate the influence of extractives on thermo-degradation of wood during heat treatment. Degradation characteristics, specifically the thermal degradation kinetics and volatile products during the heat treatment, were studied. A kinetic analysis was performed based on the Arrhenius equation and the time-temperature superposition principle. A devolatilization analysis was then conducted according to the chromatography identification. The results showed that the extractives facilitated the thermo-degradation and initiated the degradation at a lower temperature. An earlier degradation starting point was detected, and a lower activation energy of 65.7 kJ/mol was calculated for the non-extracted Eucalyptus. The VOCs collected in this research were primarily acetates, furans, terpenes, and other compounds. The non-extracted specimen released more VOCs than the extracted specimen. Compared with extracted samples, further hemicellulose degradation was identified for the non-extracted samples at the whole stage of 180 °C and a temperature-elevating period of 200 °C, as well as lignin decomposition at the temperature-holding section of 220 °C. However, only hemicellulose degradation was observed in extracted samples. This research could be helpful for the mechanism explanation of wood heat treatments and to promote the process to be more efficient and environmentally friendly.
Critical concentration for clogging of TEMPO-oxidized bamboo pulp suspensions in a high-pressure homogenizer
Authors: Hu Haowei , Ji Hao , Pu Jiali , Zhang Qi , Zhao Huifang , Sha Lizheng , Xu Yinchao , Katsande Faith Ngaatendwe , Zhang Xuejin
Published: March 2023

Clogging is a critical problem that restricts the delamination of fibers in a high-pressure homogenizer (HPH). In this work, bleached bamboo pulp fibers were pretreated in TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system prior to high-pressure homogenization to study the clogging condition in a high-pressure homogenizer. Effects of the additional amount of NaClO on the functional groups and morphologies of the bamboo pulp fiber were evaluated by conductometric titration, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fiber morphology analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fiber morphology analyzer revealed that the addition of NaClO facilitated to reduce the length of the fiber. The SEM images showed that TEMPO-mediated oxidation had a destructive effect on the fiber surface. The carboxylate contents of bamboo pulp fibers increased with the addition of NaClO, which were beneficial for increasing the critical concentrations of suspensions in the HPH. Nanocelluloses were successfully isolated from the TEMPO-oxidized bamboo pulp with different clogging critical concentrations, as were revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Western historiography on women’s ministry in the Early Church
Authors: Posternak Andrey
Published: March 2023

The article attempts to highlight the stages and directions of the development of western (primarily, English-, French- and German-speaking) historiography on the example of the most significant monographs and articles devoted to women who performed church ministry in the Early Church: in particular, deaconesses, widows and virgins. The article shows the main problems in connection with which these topics have been studied, starting from the XVII century up to the present time, for example, in the context of the New Testament, the history of non-Chalcedonian Churches, etc. – both from the academic and gender positions of many authors. In Western fundamental theological and historical works, the ministry of women in the Early Church is considered in sufficient detail, but its study turned out to be closely related to current church issues: from «the Inner mission» and changes in the status of women in the Church in Modern times up to the revival of the order of deaconesses and female ordinations in protestant denominations in the XX century. The active interest of researchers, and especially women authors, to this problem will be closely connected with the general transformation («feminization») of Western society, in which women have begun to play a more significant role in all spheres of life.
Molecular Evaluation of rfbE Gene Expression Changes under Different Creatinine Concentrations in Escherichia coli Strains Via Real-Time PCR
Authors: Janbakhsh E. , Mehrabi M.R.
Published: March 2023

Background and objective. Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157: H7 as an enterohemorrhagic pathogen causes severe damage to the gastrointestinal tract and dangerous diseases in humans such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and acute renal failure, which is associated with increased blood creatinine levels. This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic resistance of E. coli O157: H7 pathotypes to detect the virulence of gene rfbE and to study variations in its expression. Methods. The isolates were first inoculated on eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar and then identified using the Microgen kit and the presence of rfbE gene. Antibiotic susceptibility of the identified strains was tested by the disk diffusion technique, followed by inoculating E. coli O157: H7 strains at concentrations of 1, 3, and 6 mg dl–1 in BHI broth. DNA and RNA were then extracted from the bacteria, and cDNA was prepared from purified RNA. Then, the rfbE gene expression was evaluated using a real-time PCR approach, and the data were analysed with Rest software. Results. The research results revealed high resistance of isolated strains against some of the studied antibiotics, and variations in the expression of the rfbE gene were found to be different at different creatinine concentrations and at different time points. A significant decrease in variations in the rfbE gene expression was observed at low concentrations (1 mg dl-1), but, on the contrary, a significant increase in variations in the rfbE gene expression was found at higher concentrations (3 and 6 mg dl-1) (p<0.05). Conclusions. The rfbE gene is one of the factors affecting the bacterial virulence. We believe that a secondary increase in creatinine for any reason can exacerbate kidney disease and failure by affecting the rfbE gene expression while producing O antigen or bacterial endotoxin.
Sustancias antioxidantes en diferentes fases fenológicas de Psidium guajava L.
Authors: Pérez-Pérez Evelyn Del Carmen , Ettiene-Rojas Gretty Rosario , Ramírez-Villalobos María Del Carmen , Gómez-Degraves Ángel
Published: March 2023

Introducción. En el mundo hay interés en la determinación del contenido de sustancias antioxidantes de origen vegetal y la relación de las fases fenológicas de la planta con la producción de metabolitos secundarios. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de las fases fenológicas en el contenido de sustancias antioxidantes de guayabo (Psidium guajava L.). Materiales y métodos. Se evaluó una muestra poblacional del 10 % de plantas de guayabo del banco de germoplasma del CESID-Frutícola y Apícola-CORPOZULIA, ubicado en el municipio Mara, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Se determinó el contenido de fenoles totales (FeT), flavonoides totales (FlT) y la capacidad antioxidante (CA) en muestras de hojas secas en las diferentes fases fenológicas de la planta, registradas de octubre de 2012 a septiembre de 2013. La extracción de los FeT se realizó mediante ultrasonido con 0,5 g de muestra seca y una mezcla metanol: agua (80:20 % v/v). Para la cuantificación por espectrofotometría de absorción UV-VIS, se utilizó como estándar ácido gálico para FeT y catequina para FlT. La CA se determinó por el catión-radical ABTS▪+. Se utilizaron estadísticas no paramétricas mediante el programa estadístico SPSS. Resultados. En las plantas de guayabo ocurrieron las tres fases fenológicas (floración, fructificación, brotación vegetativa), prevaleció la reproductiva con un 38,99 % de flores y frutos; con mayor presencia media de brotes vegetativos durante la época de precipitación y la alternancia entre la producción de flores y frutos. Se observó variabilidad intrapoblacional en el contenido de sustancias antioxidantes, el contenido de FeT, en comparación con la CA y los FlT, fue mayor en fructificación y en ausencia de precipitación. Conclusión. Las fases fenológicas tuvieron efecto en el contenido de sustancias antioxidantes de guayabo. La fase de fructificación presentó el mayor contenido de fenoles totales. Los contenidos de fenoles y flavonoides totales presentaron relación con la capacidad antioxidante.
Ritmus- és frekvenciakontroll újraélesztés kapcsán és keringésmegingással fenyegető szívritmuszavarok esetén
Authors: Kiss Dénes , Pál-Jakab Ádám , Kiss Boldizsár , Pilecky Dávid , Zima Endre
Published: March 2023

A szív- és érrendszeri megbetegedések mortalitása jelentősen csökkent az elmúlt
években, a hirtelen szívmegállás azonban továbbra is vezető halálok a különböző
mortalitási mutatókban, aminek hátterében igen gyakran szívritmuszavar áll. A
hirtelen szívhalál elektrofiziológiai okai a kamrai tachycardia, a
kamrafibrilláció, az asystolia és a pulzus nélküli elektromos aktivitás.
Ezenfelül egyéb szívritmuszavarok is hirtelen szívmegállással fenyegethetnek,
ezeket összefoglalóan malignus ritmuszavaroknak hívjuk. A különféle arrhythmiák
gyors és pontos felismerése, azok megfelelő ellátása komoly kihívásokat jelent
mind a prehospitális, mind pedig a kórházi ellátás szintjén. Ezekben az
állapotokban kritikus jelentőségű az életveszélyes állapot azonnali észlelése,
valamint a gyors reakció és kezelés. Jelen közleményünk a különböző eszközös és
gyógyszeres kezelési lehetőségeket veszi sorra a keringésmegingással fenyegető
állapotokban, az Európai Újraélesztési Tanács 2021. évi ajánlásának tükrében.
Cikkünkben taglaljuk ezen állapotok epidemiológiáját, etiológiáját, bemutatjuk
továbbá a különböző tachy- és bradyarrhythmiák korszerű ellátási lehetőségeit,
ami segítséget nyújt e kórképek ellátásában mind kórházi körülmények között,
mind pedig kórházon kívüli ellátóhelyeken. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(13):
504–509.
Assessment of Consumer Knowledge of Gluten-Free Food
Authors: Piec Karolina , Jancza-Smuga Małgorzata
Published: March 2023

The gluten-free food market has become one of the fastest-growing food markets for food intolerances. People with celiac disease, gluten intolerance, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and other gluten-related diseases should follow a gluten-free diet. The demand for gluten-free products is growing yearly, mainly due to the increasing number of diagnosed cases. The aim of the study was to assess consumers’ knowledge of gluten-free foods and covered people of all ages, and was conducted using a questionnaire. The research results indicate that most consumers have a lot of knowledge concerning gluten-free food. Moreover, most consumers know what gluten is and what products to avoid while on a gluten-free diet. They also know which diseases it causes and that it is necessary to follow a diet, but they have difficulty determining the acceptable gluten content in gluten-free products. Consumers’ most crucial parameter when choosing a gluten-free product is taste. The results of the survey also show that a gluten-free diet is more popular among women than men.
Mechanical model and seismic performance of frames with a self-centring connection
Authors: Saeidzadeh Mahsa , Chenaghlou Mohammad Reza , Hamed Arash Akbari
Published: March 2023

The desired structural performance of a novel self-centring pinned beam–column connection with friction dampers (SC-PC-FD) has been reported. An accurate mechanical model of the SC-PC-FD connection is required for easy modelling of frames with these connections using common commercial structural analysis and design software. This paper presents a simple mechanical model for a SC-PC-FD connection. The accuracy of the model was verified using results from experimental and numerical studies on two-strand and four-strand SC-PC-FD connections. Moreover, the seismic performance of frames with SC-PC-FD connections was evaluated using incremental dynamic analysis and compared with that of moment-resisting frames. For this purpose, one-, three- and five-storey building models with moment connections and SC-PC-FD connections were designed. The two-dimensional frames were subjected to far-field, pulse near-field and no-pulse near-field earthquake records and the collapse margin ratios (CMRs) and fragility curves of the models were obtained. The developed component-based mechanical model accurately predicted the monotonic and cyclic behaviour of the SC-PC-FD connection. With the novel SC-PC-FD system, the maximum residual interstorey drift ratio and the number of developed plastic hinges at the main members of the self-centring models were reduced significantly, while the CMRs were increased.
Feeding preferences of members of the primitive and rare forest pests within tribe Xylosteini Reitter (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lepturinae) in Türkiye with their new and all known host plants and distributional data
Authors: Özdikmen Huseyin , Bal Neslihan
Published: March 2023

The detection of cerambycids and their feeding preferences within the natural ecosystems is of great ecological and economic importance. Accordingly, the paper presents collectively all taxa of the primitive, rare and hardly studied tribe Xylosteini Reitter in Türkiye with new data on their feeding preferences and distribution patterns for the first time. The available specimens were collected from localities in Artvin, Bolu, Gümüşhane, Kırklareli, Samsun and Sivas provinces of Türkiye in 2002, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2022. As a result, it is determined that Turkish Xylosteini includes four species of two genera. All of them are rare species. Abies nordmanniana (Pinaceae) and Fagus orientalis (Fagaceae) are determined as new host plant species for Xylosteus kadleci Miroshnikov. Accordingly, at least five or six host plants for each species are determined with the present study. According to the present study, the members of the genus Leptorhabdium Kraatz are preferred deciduous trees only, while the members of the genus Xylosteus Frivaldszky von Frivald are preferred both deciduous and also coniferous trees. Besides, detailed distribution data with figures show provincial and regional distribution patterns of all species are also given. Apparently, the genus Leptorhabdium seems to be represented only by L. caucasicum in North-Eastern Anatolia of Türkiye, while the genus Xylosteus seems to be represented by X. spinolae in European Türkiye (=Thrace), by X. kadleci in North-Western Anatolia of Türkiye, and by X. caucasicola in North-Eastern Anatolia of Türkiye.
Conflicts and Crises, Dialogues and (Dis-)Connections: Renegotiations of Identities through Irish Narratives of Community
Authors: Boller Alessandra
Published: March 2023

In the first two decades of the 21st century, the condition of glocality was rendered highly visible by the 2008 world financial crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic in Ireland, as elsewhere. Moreover, glocality can impact on such forms of identity as that of nationality, either with an exclusionary impetus or effecting the recognition of shared experiences. This article examines how the community, as a spatiotemporal concept, serves as a means of exploring renegotiations of identity and modes of interdependence in a glocal world. Discussing short fiction by Roddy Doyle and Emma Donoghue, published against the background of changing cultural narratives of Irishness during the Celtic Tiger period, I argue that short story cycles function as multi-layered reflections and interventions that place Irish identities in dialogue with other affiliations, but also with Irish history. Such a critical discussion renders visible the potential in literary fiction for coming to terms with conflicts that are rooted in essentialist understandings of identity and for opening up possibilities for renegotiations in light of local and global interrelations. When Doyle’s and Donoghue’s stories reflect upon and criticise exclusionary tendencies, they further the recognition of shared experiences despite cultural difference within a glocal world. Thereby, they interrupt the perpetuation of simplifying identity discourses based on notions of alterity and exceptionalism, contribute to identity renegotiation, and invite the possibility for building communities during times of continuous crisis.
Methods of strategic analysis of the indicators of the confidency period in the real estate market
Authors: Petrova P. M.
Published: March 2023

Strategic socio-economic stability of a state is affected by numerous factors including the level of volatility in the real estate market. However, in case of the contingency period, which is the period of cyclical price growth in the market characterized by excessive investments due to long-term speculative expectations of investors, the likelihood of social tension among the population increases. The author of the article suggests strategic factors whose trend dynamics may indicate the occurrence of the characteristics of the emergency period in the housing market. Strategic analysis deals with the assessment of the indicators of the supply and demand factors, parameters of construction companies on the stock market and housing market indexes. The purpose of the study is to identify and classify strategic analysis methods that can be applied to identify the signs of the occurrence of the characteristics of the emergency period in the housing market. The theoretical basis of the research is Professor V.L. Kvint’s theory of strategy and methodology of strategizing. As the result of the research, the article identifies the factors indicating the beginning of the emergency period and groups the parameters essential for the analysis in the issue under consideration.
Contribuição das festas para a valorização do patrimônio imaterial alimentar nas linhas rurais
Authors: Heinrich Rafael , De Souza Lima Romilda
Published: March 2023

Este texto diz respeito a uma parte de pesquisa realizada em 2019 em Marechal Cândido Rondon, no Paraná. Neste município ocorrem, anualmente, 20 festas culinárias, ou gastronômicas, nas várias comunidades rurais, ocasiões que envolve muitos moradores dessas comunidades na logística de organização e preparo da comida a ser servida. O objetivo foi o de investigar, analisar e registrar os limites e as potencialidades das referidas festas que, pela importância para o município e seus habitantes, podem ser consideradas como um patrimônio imaterial da cultura alimentar local, por meio das festas que ocorrem no interior, nas linhas rurais. É importante refletir que, apesar de algumas modificações e adaptações, ao longo dos anos, as festas estudadas continuam sendo reproduzidas, bem como os pratos considerados típicos, ainda que com alterações dos ingredientes. Se não é o melhor que se tem em termos de nutrição e do aproveitamento dos produtos da agricultura familiar local, elas ainda permanecem como categoria de festas tradicionais
Reproducción de espacios biodiversificados y acción colectiva en la comunidad tsotsil, Altos de Chiapas, México
Authors: Cervantes Trejo Edith
Published: March 2023

Se explora cómo el desarrollo del grupo localizado de parentesco atraviesa transversalmente la reproducción de la biodiversidad mantenida por la práctica de acción colectiva que rige a esta unidad social de parentesco, integrada por los grupos domésticos independientes del padre y de los hijos varones, que habita un complejo habitacional de casas contiguas denominado unidad de residencia. Se propone el concepto de acción colectiva para designar la práctica social caracterizada por encuentros de elevado nivel de disponibilidad de presencia-copresencia que ocurre en espacios sociales complejos organizados y configurados por la patrilocalidad y la propiedad colectiva ejercida por pueblos indígenas.
Cross-border food remittances and mobile transfers: The experiences of Zimbabwean migrants in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Sithole Sean , Tevera Daniel , Dinbabo Mulugeta F.
Published: March 2023

Mobile transfers have become a defining feature of cross-border remittance transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, recent studies on mobile transfers have mainly focused on cash remittances and need to pay more attention to mobile food transfers. This paper addresses this research gap on mobile food transfers by examining cross-border food remittances and mobile transfers by Zimbabwean migrants residing in Cape Town, South Africa, to their families and friends back home. In this paper, we seek to understand the factors influencing the uptake of digital food remittances by Zimbabwean migrants who have lived in South Africa for at least three years. The paper is based on a mixed research study carried out in Cape Town during the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. The mixed-methods study involved a questionnaire survey of 100 Zimbabwean nationals that was complemented by in-depth interviews with 10 participants selected from the interviewed group. The study findings reveal that the national COVID-19 pandemic lockdown disrupted informal food-remitting channels and, at the same time, helped to solidify the digital and mobile food transfers across national borders that have emerged in SSA in recent years.
¿Epidemiología social del dengue en Argentina?
Authors: Ocampo Mallou Carolina , Folguera Guillermo
Published: March 2023

El Ministerio de Salud de Argentina indicó que en el período 2019-2020 se desarrolló la peor epidemia de dengue registrada hasta el momento en el país, en un contexto internacional de aumento sostenido de casos. Con la finalidad de aportar elementos que contribuyan a comprender las fallas en el control de la enfermedad, el presente artículo analiza si la construcción epidemiológica del problema del dengue en Argentina recupera elementos de las teorías de las epidemiologías sociales. Mediante una búsqueda bibliográfica, se seleccionaron todas las investigaciones realizadas en el país desde 1998 hasta 2019 que incluyeran la presencia de casos de dengue. Se concluye que la determinación social de los procesos de salud-enfermedad es ignorada en la construcción conceptual de los estudios epidemiológicos de dengue en Argentina, y que esto es particularmente notorio en la operacionalización.
Abstract
The National Ministry of Health of Argentina indicated that the worst epidemic of dengue registered in the country occurred during the 2019-2020 period. Meanwhile, the number of cases around the world is growing up. This article aims to understand the failures in the control of dengue by analyzing if the epidemiological construction of the problem in Argentine recovers elements of some theories from social epidemiology. Based on a bibliographic review, we selected all the studies that include dengue cases between 1998 and 2019 in the country. It is concluded that the conceptual construction of epidemiological studies of dengue in Argentine ignores social determination of the health-disease process. In consequence, scientists seem to study the epidemiological problem predominantly as a biological one.
Cuando la comunidad es invisible: responsabilidad social empresarial en la industria minera
Authors: Mansilla Obando Katherine , Guinez Cabrera Nataly , Jeldes Delgado Fabiola
Published: March 2023

Las iniciativas de responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) son comunes en la industria minera y cuentan con una atenta mirada de sus stakeholders. Sin embargo, es limitada la atención que se le ha prestado a las percepciones que las comunidades anfitrionas tienen sobre ellas. El presente artículo busca explorar las percepciones de una comunidad anfitriona, ubicada en el norte de Chile, respecto a las iniciativas de RSE de las empresas mineras cercanas. Mediante una metodología cualitativa, se realizan nueve entrevistas semiestructuradas (a residentes y trabajadores de la comunidad anfitriona); se analizan los datos con la técnica de análisis temático y, junto a los lentes teóricos de la pirámide de RSE y la teoría de stakeholders, se obtienen los resultados. Los principales hallazgos indican que la comunidad anfitriona percibe diferentes responsabilidades respecto a las iniciativas de RSE de la industria minera. Estas dimensiones comprenden el nivel de importancia percibido, desde la base (más importante) a la punta de la pirámide (menos importante), como la responsabilidad ambiental, la responsabilidad hacia el bienestar en salud y seguridad, la responsabilidad ética, la responsabilidad económica, la responsabilidad legal, y finalmente, la responsabilidad filantrópica. La investigación contribuye a la literatura de RSE en la industria minera, generando implicancias prácticas en las políticas públicas, en la administración de las mineras y en los líderes de la comunidad anfitriona.

Abstract

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives are common in the mining industry and have the watchful eye of their stakeholders. However, limited attention has been given to the perceptions of the host communities regarding these initiatives. This paper seeks to explore the perceptions of a host community, located in the north of Chile, regarding the CSR initiatives of mining companies close to their community. Through a qualitative methodology, nine semi-structured interviews (to residents and workers of the host community) are conducted. The data are analyzed with the thematic analysis technique and, together with the theoretical lenses of the CSR pyramid and the stakeholder theory, the results are obtained. The main findings indicate that the host community perceives different responsibilities regarding the CSR initiatives of the mining industry. These dimensions comprise the level of importance perceived by the community, from the bottom (most important) to the top of the pyramid (least important), such as environmental responsibility, responsibility for health and safety well-being, ethical responsibility, economic responsibility, legal responsibility, and finally, philanthropic responsibility. The investigation contributes to the literature on CSR in the mining industry, generating practical implications for public policies, the management of mining companies and the leaders of the host community.
El rol de las alianzas sociales en el proceso de reconstrucción en Salgar, Colombia
Authors: Díaz Ramírez Julia Helena , Páez Martínez Holmes Julián , Lizarralde Gonzalo , Herazo Benjamín
Published: March 2023

Después del desastre ocurrido en Salgar, Colombia, en 2015, la estructura de gobernanza, basada en la corresponsabilidad entre actores públicos, privados y sin ánimo de lucro, jugó un rol central en el proceso de reconstrucción. En esta investigación se analizan tres aspectos de dichas alianzas, identificados a partir de la teoría, y su papel en la creación del beneficio colectivo. Se emplean métodos cualitativos de enfoque exploratorio e interpretativo para analizar fuentes primarias y secundarias. Se encuentra que, en Salgar, las alianzas entre organizaciones de los tres sectores permitieron: (a) gestionar la incertidumbre primaria y los comportamientos oportunistas, (b) legitimar las acciones de respuesta al desastre y (c) construir confianza para la acción social. Estos resultados sugieren que la participación de organizaciones privadas y sin ánimo de lucro alrededor de un acuerdo de corresponsabilidades permite una mejor respuesta en situaciones de desastre, y una mejor gestión conjunta con las organizaciones estatales. Las alianzas sociales en procesos de reconstrucción favorecen el manejo de recursos escasos, la coordinación de actores y facilitan la construcción de confianza con la comunidad para la acción social.

Abstract

After a disaster partially destroyed the city of Salgar (Colombia) in 2015, a governance structure based on co-responsibility between public, private, and non-profit stakeholders was key in the reconstruction process. Three aspects of these alliances, identified from the theory, and their role in the construction of the common good are analyzed. Qualitative methods are applied, with an exploratory and interpretive approach to analyze both primary and secondary sources. In Salgar, the alliances between organizations from the three sectors allowed to: (a) manage primary uncertainty, while learning about opportunistic behavior and responses to it; (b) legitimize actions during the disaster response, and (c) build trust among stakeholders. The results suggest that the participation of organizations from the three sectors around an agreement of co-responsibilities facilitates both response in disaster situations and joint management with public organizations. Therefore, social alliances in reconstruction processes facilitate the management of scarce resources, stakeholder coordination, and the establishment of trust between beneficiaries and institutions.
Characteristics of the Current Student Generation and Considerations for Medical Education
Authors: Kim Eunkyung
Published: March 2023

Current medical students are a distinct new generation who can be distinguished from the previous generation. Therefore, a clear understanding of their characteristics is vital in developing an appropriate educational program for them. The purpose of this article is to explore the characteristics of the current generation of high achieving medical students. Notable characteristics that define this generation include the following: they feel they are special, and they are sheltered, confident, highly optimistic, pressured, conventional, and have a strong desire to achieve. They are the digital generation, who can obtain information through various forms of technology. Furthermore, they are high achieving students in highly competitive educational environments. It has been suggested that various teaching methods be used in the medical school classroom. Using digital methods could be crucial in providing high-quality medical education. Educators should pay more attention to students’ psychosocial development and help them to effectively cope with their academic stress
Work Value, Career Choice, and Specialty Indecision Based on Career Adaptability of Medical College and Graduate School Students
Authors: Chun Kyung Hee , Park Young Soon , Lee Young Hwan
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between medical college students and graduate school students with regard to the factors that shape career choice and specialty indecision. One hundred and thirty-three students from a medical school participated in this study. The students completed a survey, which collected information on career choice, specialty indecision, and career adaptability. Significant differences were found between high and low career adaptability groups in factors that affected specialty choice and indecision. Students with high career adaptability were significantly more affected by ‘intellectual content of specialty,’ ‘ages and characteristics of patients,’‘patient contact experience during the early years of medical school,’ and ‘greater opportunity for research.’ Among the specialty indecision factors, students with high career adaptability were affected by ‘several specialties equally appealing to me’ and ‘many interests,’ while students with low career adaptability were affected by being ‘unaware of my abilities,’‘unaware of my interests’ and having ‘learned my choice was not possible for me.’ The factor having the greatest influence on specialty indecision was ‘need more information and support,’ and there were no significant differences in these factors between the two groups. The results suggest that the development of career counseling and education programs need to be designed for medical college students and graduate students in terms of career adaptability and specialty indecision.
A Case Study on Small Group Teaching Programs in Medical School: SNU Mentoring, Peer Tutoring, Coaching, and Research Mentoring Programs
Authors: Kim Jiyoung , Lee Seung-Hee , Kim Eun Jung , Kim Hyelim , Hwang Jinyoung
Published: March 2023

This paper will discuss the issues in four different small group teaching programs administered by the Seoul National University Medical School, and will address and propose solutions to those issues for improving the effectiveness of the programs. Medical school has a particular educational environment that differs from the rest of the university. Therefore, program managers should develop better models to fit medical school needs by reviewing our practices and planning for improvement. As managers of these programs, the authors interviewed students applying to participate. If our responsibilities for these programs continue for a sufficient period of time and we have a sufficient number of participants hereafter, we will do a survey and generate more reliable conclusions from quantifiable data. However, given that these programs are in their early stages, we present here some introductory remarks on the theory behind the programs and the outcomes we expect. The discussion will define and explain the different needs and roles of each participant (professor, student, and manager) in the program, and will suggest some practical ways for the managers in the programs to make improvements to the existing model so that the enhanced programs can better suit the needs of the medical school.
Medical Education for North Korean Defector Physicians: Experience at the Seoul Medical Center
Authors: Choi Jae-Phil
Published: March 2023

As North Korea passed from the Devotion (Jeongseong) movement to the black market (Jangmadang) system, the medical service system in that country was effectively destroyed. North Korean physicians who have successfully defected to South Korea (North Korean defector physicians, NKDPs) have experienced socio-economic hardships on their way to becoming incorporated into the South Korean medical system due to different medico-social cultures, different (English-based) medical terminology, and the clinical knowledge gap between North and South Korea. Since 2009, we have operated programs at the Seoul Medical Center to help NKDPs prepare for the South Korean medical licensing examination. These programs consist of clinical education at the medical center, personal mentoring, arrangement of educational programs at the medical college, mock tests at the consortium, and administrative aid. Looking forward, we hope to achieve the following: 1) More systematic support plans are needed involving medical education experts, field physicians, and experts on reunification. 2) An evaluation of defector physicians’ current medical knowledge may provide information about the areas where supplementary education is most needed and the standards for certificating licenses. 3) In the short term, a customized glossary should be developed to assist defector physicians prepare for the examination. 4) To secure internships and residencies is the most important issue for further sustained training of NKDP physicians to become good clinicians after certification. Hopefully, this short report on the current ongoing educational course will lead to more extensive discussion.
Development and Validation of a Clinical Critical Thinking Skills Scale
Authors: Shin Su-Jin , Yang Eunbae , Kong Byunghea , Jung Dukyoo
Published: March 2023

This study developed a test entitled Clinical Critical Thinking Skills (CCTS) by using item response theory (IRT) and examined its validity. In the development stage, data obtained from a convenience sample of 627 undergraduate nursing students were analyzed using a discrimination and difficulty index with the TestAn 1.0 program. In the evaluation stage, data from a convenience sample of 284 nursing and non-nursing students were analyzed using a discrimination and difficulty index with the BILOG-MG program. Criterion validity was verified by the group comparison method. Five items received low discrimination index scores according to the IRT results. In terms of the criterion validity, CCTS scores differed according to major (t = 2.21, p = 0.028), location of high school (F = 4.35, p = 0.014), clinical experience (t = 5.66, p = 0.004), and grade point average (F = 7.17, p < 0.001). The CCTS can be used to measure critical thinking skills in the clinical setting.
An Outcome-Based Approach in Medical Curriculum Development
Authors: Ahn Jae Hee , Yang Eunbae
Published: March 2023

An outcome-based curriculum is perceived to be one alternative educational approach in medical education. Nonetheless, it is difficult for curriculum developers to convert from traditional curriculum to an outcome-based curriculum because research documenting its development process is rare. Therefore, this study aims to introduce the development process and method of outcome-based curriculum. For the purpose of this study, we used diverse data analyses, such as an existing literature search, development model analysis, and case analysis. We identified five phases from the analysis. First, the curriculum developers analyze the physician’s job or a high performer in a medical situation. Second, curriculum developers extract outcomes and competencies through developing a curriculum, affinity diagraming, and critical incident interviews. Third, curriculum developers determine the proficiency levels of each outcome and competency evaluation methods. Fourth, curriculum developers conduct curriculum mapping with outcomes and competencies. Fifth, curriculum developers develop an educational system. Also, it is important to develop an assessment system for the curriculum implementation in the process of developing the outcome-based curriculum. An outcome-based curriculum influences all the people concerned with education in a medical school including the professors, students, and administrative staff members. Therefore, curriculum developers should consider not only performance assessment tools for the students but also assessment indicators for checking curriculum implementation and managing curriculum quality
The Relationship among the Learning Motivation, the Characteristics of Multiple Intelligence and Academic Achievement in Medical School Students
Authors: Ryue Sookhee , Lee Haebum , Jeon Woo Taek
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among medical students’ learning motivation, characteristics of multiple intelligence, and academic achievement. The participants were 144 medical students. The data were collected by administering learning motivation tests (self-confidence, self-efficacy, level of task, emotion of learning, learning behavior, failure tolerance, task difficulty, and academic self-efficacy), a multiple intelligence test (linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, musical intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, spatial intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, and naturalistic intelligence), and two semesters of grades. There is a correlation between multiple intelligences and learning motivation. Among academic self-efficacy of academic motivation, the self-control efficacy (0.28) and behavior (0.18) subscales are significantly positively correlated with academic achievement. However, the emotion subscale (-0.18) was significantly negatively correlated. Learning motivation was correlated with two of the eight multiple intelligence profiles: the intrapersonal intelligence (0.18) and bodily-kinesthetic intelligence (-0.19). The structural equation modeling analysis showed that the behavior and self-control efficacy subscales of intrapersonal intelligence had an impact on academic achievement. An analysis according to the academic achievement group showed significant differences in self-control efficacy and emotion subscales with intrapersonal intelligence. A positive relationship can be observed between learning motivation and some characteristics of multiple intelligence of medical school students. In light of the findings, it is worth examining whether we can control medical students’ learning motivation through educational programs targeting self-control efficacy and intrapersonal intelligence.
Level of Third-Year Students’ Competency and Correlating Curricular Factors
Authors: Kam Beesung , Lee Sang Yeoup , Im Sun Ju
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess third-year medical students’ competency for development or revision of the undergraduate curriculum and assessments. One hundred and twenty-seven third-year medical students at the Pusan National University were included in the study. After third- and fourth-year students took a common written examination, clinical performance examination (CPX), and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) with common items as a summative assessment, the third-year students’ competency was compared with 132 forth-year students’ results. The correlation of the written examination and CPX/OSCE was analysed, and the summative results were compared with the grade point average (GPA) through the second year, CPX/ OSCE in the second year, and GPA in the clerkship. On the written examination, the third-year students’ mean score was lower than the fourth-year students’ by over 11 points, whereas the gap in the CPX/OSCE was 4 points and there was no difference in the OSCE. There was a moderate correlation between the written examination and the CPX/OSCE scores (R = 0.371, p < 0.01). The written examination was highly correlated with GPA through the second year, which mainly evaluated medical knowledge (R = 0.771, p < 0.01). A relatively high correlation was observed between CPX/OSCE scores and GPA in the clerkship (R = 0.641, p < 0.01). The summative CPX/ OSCE scores showed a moderate correlation with formative CPX/OSCE scores in the second year (R = 0.464, p < 0.01). The third-year students’ score was quite low on the written examination and slightly low on the CPX/OSCE compared to that of the fourth-year students. The written examination and CPX/OSCE cannot replace each other and should be combined with other methods of evaluation to measure competency. Early OSCE and workplacebased assessment should be useful in the early assessment of clinical skills competency.
Medical Professionalism and Self‐Reflection in Medical Education
Authors: Chun Min Young , Yoo Sang Ho , Cha Kyung Hee
Published: March 2023

Recently, unprofessional behavior by physicians and misconduct by medical students have led to increased public concern over medical professionalism. Many studies have been conducted to explore strategies that reinforce professionalism education and prevent misconduct in medical students. However, most studies focused on defining the medical professionalism and its conceptual components. In this study, we conducted a conceptual analysis based on the literature review to categorize issues of unprofessional behavior, and identified doctors’ indifference to self and others as the reason for the unprofessional behavior. In this regard, self-reflection provides a practical tool to overcome such indifference. We suggest ‘education and evaluation based on self-reflection and reflective practices’ as the effective strategies to enhance the professionalism in medical students.