bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rasio Jumlah Neutrofil-Limfosit pada Awal Masuk Rawat sebagai Faktor Risiko Luaran Pneumonia Anak
Authors: Katleya Farah , Anam MS , Dadiyanto Dwi Wastoro
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Data global menunjukkan pneumonia pada anak usia di bawah 5 tahun (balita) menyebabkan kematian 15,5%.Neutrophil to lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) atau rasio jumlah neutrofil-limfosit merupakan parameter inflamasi sistemik dan stresuntuk pasien kritis. Dari beberapa penelitian didapatkan hubungan antara derajat keadaan klinis dengan peningkatan NLCRTujuan. Membuktikan nilai NLCR awal masuk sebagai faktor risiko luaran pasien pneumonia anak yang dirawat di bangsal anakRSUP dr KariadiMetode. Penelitian kohort prospektif pada anak pneumonia usia 1 bulan – 5 tahun yang dilaksanakan di ruang perawatan anak(bangsal anak, HCU, PICU) RS dr Kariadi, Semarang. Subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dilakukan pemeriksaan darah rutin,kemudian dilakukan pemantauan klinis pada hari perawatan ke 10. Pada spesimen darah diperiksa darah rutin dan dilakukanperhitungan NLCR. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji chi square dan Mann-Whitney UHasil. Didapatkan 40 subjek dengan pneumonia. Rerata NLCR lebih tinggi pada luaran yang buruk dari pada luaran yang baik(3,42± 4,063) vs (1,73 ± 1,568) tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna (p= 0,118). Titik potong NLCR 􀁴 1,335 meningkatkan risiko luaranperburukan pada pneumonia anak sebesar 1,727 kaliKesimpulan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan nilai NLCR awal antara luaran perbaikan dan perburukan. Titik potong dari NLCR awaltidak dapat digunakan sebagai indikator prognosis luaran pneumonia anak
Hubungan Kadar Feritin Serum dengan Fungsi Kognitif Berdasarkan Pemeriksaan Status Mini-Mental (MMSE) pada Penyandang Thalassemia Anak
Authors: Ma’ani Fathiyah , Fadlyana Eddy , Rahayuningsih Sri Endah
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Penyandang thalassemia yang mendapat transfusi rutin tanpa kelasi besi yang optimal dapat menyebabkankelebihan besi yang memicu stres oksidatif dan dapat mempercepat proses degenerasi di otak.Tujuan. Menentukan hubungan kadar feritin serum dengan fungsi kognitif.Metode. Penelitian analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang terhadap 95 penyandang thalassemia anak berusia di atas 10 tahunpada bulan April sampai Mei 2015. Pemilihan subjek dilakukan secara consecutive sampling. Fungsi kognitif dinilai berdasarkan tesmini mental state examination (MMSE). Kadar feritin serum dan faktor lain yang berhubungan dengan fungsi kognitif dianalisismenggunakan multipel regresi.Hasil. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 95 anak, anak laki-laki 46 orang (48,4%) dan anak perempuan 49 orang 51,6%. Rerata(SB)kadar feritin serum 4355,9 (2149) μg/L. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan MMSE didapatkan rerata(sb) skor 29,6 (3,9). Terdapat hubunganantara feritin serum dan fungsi kognitif (p=0,040). Faktor lain yang berhubungan adalah pendidikan anak, pendidikan ibu danfrekuensi transfusi.Kesimpulan. Kadar feritin serum berhubungan dengan skor MMSE.
Hubungan antara Kadar Zink Plasma dengan Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian/Hiperaktivitas (GPP/H)
Authors: T.S Sir Panggung , Sutomo Retno , Setyati Amalia
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Gangguan pemusatan perhatian/hiperaktivitas (GPP/H) atau attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)merupakan gangguan neuro-behavioral yang paling sering pada anak dengan dampak besar bagi individu dan masyarakat. PrevalensiGPP/H di Indonesia 0,4% - 26,2%. Penelitian di berbagai negara menunjukkan keterlibatan zink dalam etiologi dan terapi GPP/H.Belum didapatkan data mengenai hubungan antara kadar zink plasma dengan GPP/H pada anak di Indonesia.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara kadar zink plasma dengan GPP/H pada anak.Metode. Penelitian kasus kontrol dilaksanakan di RSUP Dr. Sardjito dan Pusat Pengkajian dan Pengamatan Tumbuh KembangAnak (P3TKA) Yogyakarta pada Desember 2010-Maret 2011. Subyek adalah adalah 69 anak berusia 3-18 tahun, 34 anakdengan GPP/H dan 35 kontrol. Kadar zink plasma diperiksa dari sampel darah vena menggunakan metode atomic absorbancespectrophotometry (AAS). Analisis statisik menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi-square terhadapperbedaan proporsi defisiensi zink antara kelompok kasus dan kontrol.Hasil. Proporsi defisiensi zink pada anak yang menderita GPP/H lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak yang tidak menderita GPP/H,dengan nilai p=0,028, OR sebesar 8,8 (IK95% antara 1,02-76,07).Kesimpulan. Proporsi defisiensi zink pada anak yang menderita GPP/H lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak yang tidak menderitaGPP/H, zink kemungkinan mempunyai peran dalam kejadian GPP/H.
Pemantauan Kerusakan Sendi pada Anak Hemofilia Berat: Peran Pemeriksaan Muskuloskeletal (HJHS), Ultrasonografi Sendi dan Kadar C-Terminal Telopeptide of Type II Collagen Urin
Authors: Sari Teny Tjitra , Chozie Novie Amelia , Gatot Djajadiman
Published: November 2016

Hemartrosis dan artropati hemofilik merupakan morbiditas utama hemofilia. Patogenesis artropati hemofilik masih belum diketahuidengan jelas, diduga meliputi proses degenerasi dan inflamasi. Deteksi dini tahap awal artropati hemofilik sebelum timbul gejalaklinis sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah progresivitas kerusakan sendi. Pemeriksaan muskuloskeletal dengan metode skoringHemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) sensitif untuk mendeteksi artropati hemofilik tahap dini. Ultrasonografi sendi memilikisensitivitas yang baik dalam mendeteksi artropati tahap dini, berbiaya lebih murah dan lebih praktis dibanding MRI. Peran petandabiologis kerusakan sendi seperti kadar C-terminal Telopeptide of Type II Collagen (CTX-II) urin sebagai penunjang diagnostikartropati tahap dini dan evaluasi keberhasilan terapi masih memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut sebelum dapat digunakan dalampraktek sehari-hari. Tinjauan pustaka ini membahas patofisiologi dan pemantauan artropati hemofilik secara klinis, radiologisdan pemeriksaan petanda biologis kerusakan sendi.
The Romanian alternating gender in diachrony and synchrony
Authors: Maiden Martin
Published: November 2016

Romanian has a large class of nouns characterized by masculine agreement in the singular and feminine agreement in the plural. This phenomenon ofalternatinggender is frequently argued by traditional grammarians of Romanian, Romance linguists, and linguist typologists to constitute aneuterorthirdgender, distinct frommasculineandfeminine. The present study argues, from close analysis of a wide range of diachronic and comparative dialectal data, that theneuteris in fact an epiphenomenon of agreement behaviour that depends crucially on the inflexional identity of the singular and plural forms of the nouns. Hypostatization of athirdgender is dangerously liable to obfuscate the true mechanisms at work. Principled explanations of some apparent exceptions to my overall claim will be offered. I also investigate, however, some ways in which the emergence of a third gender of the type so widely assumed already to exist might be latent in Romanian, and speculate in general on howalternating gendermight emerge diachronically.
Particle placement in Late Modern English and Twentieth-century English: Morpho-syntactic variables
Authors: Rodríguez-Puente Paula
Published: November 2016

This article surveys possible factors affecting particle alternation in British English between 1650 and 1990. When particle verbs are transitive, the speaker is presented with two possible choices: verb-particle-object (VPO) or verb-object-particle (VOP). Research has shown that there are a number of phonological, morphological, semantic and discourse-functional variables which may affect the speaker’s choice. The present article focuses on the influence of six morpho-syntactic variables, namely the noun phrase (NP) type of the direct object (DO), the length of the object, the complexity of the DO, the presence of a directional prepositional phrase (PPdir), the type of determiner of the object NP and the type of particle. The data show that, although the VPO order tends to be the predominant one, some of these variables can determine the type of arrangement selected by the speaker. The results are also compared with previous research on Middle English, Early Modern English and Present-day English, showing that the tendencies observed have changed over time.
Why English is not dead: A rejoinder to Emonds and Faarlund
Authors: Stenbrenden Gjertrud Flermoen
Published: November 2016

This article argues against the claim by Emonds and Faarlund (2014,English: The language of the vikings. Palacký University: Olomouc) that English died out after the Norman Conquest, and was replaced by a North Germanic variety referred to as “Anglicised Norse”, which had been formed in the Danelaw area in a concerted effort by the Norse and Anglo-Saxon populations, presumably to overthrow the ruling French elite. Emonds and Faarlund base their claim on the existence of some 20–25 linguistic features which are said to have been absent from Old English, but which are present in Present-Day English and in Scandinavian languages. This article argues that genetic affiliation cannot be inferred from shared syntactic, morphological or lexical features, which may easily result from independent convergence in historically related languages. The main counter-argument, however, is chronological: the majority of the features adduced are indeed attested in Old English and often in other West Germanic languages also, and hence may not be attributed to Old Norse; nor can features which are not attested in English until late Middle English or early Modern English come from Old Norse. The continuity of English in the written record likewise renders the suggested scenario highly unlikely.
The cognitive plausibility of statistical classification models: Comparing textual and behavioral evidence
Authors: Klavan Jane , Divjak Dagmar
Published: November 2016

Usage-based linguistics abounds with studies that use statistical classification models to analyze either textual corpus data or behavioral experimental data. Yet, before we can draw conclusions from statistical models of empirical data that we can feed back into cognitive linguistic theory, we need to assess whether the text-based models are cognitively plausible and whether the behavior-based models are linguistically accurate. In this paper, we review four case studies that evaluate statistical classification models of richly annotated linguistic data by explicitly comparing the performance of a corpus-based model to the behavior of native speakers. The data come from four different languages (Arabic, English, Estonian, and Russian) and pertain to both lexical as well as syntactic near-synonymy. We show that behavioral evidence is needed in order to fine tune and improve statistical models built on data from a corpus. We argue that methodological pluralism is the key for a cognitively realistic linguistic theory.
The usage and spread of sentence-internal capitalization in Early New High German: A multifactorial approach
Authors: Barteld Fabian , Hartmann Stefan , Szczepaniak Renata
Published: November 2016

Sentence-internal capitalization of nouns is a characteristic of written Standard German. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have been identified as the crucial period for the development of this graphemic convention. Previous studies have shown that animacy played a major role in the spread of sentence-internal capitalization. On the basis of the transregional SiGS-corpus consisting of 18 protocols of witch trials (hand-)written between 1588 and 1630, we propose word frequency as an additional factor and test for its interaction with animacy. Our data reveal that the proportion of capitalized words denoting humans and animate concepts increases rapidly, while the capitalization of lexemes referring to concrete and abstract concepts remains stable at a lower level. A binomial mixed-effects model shows a highly significant effect of frequency and a significant interaction between frequency and animacy. In sum, our data show how cognitive, pragmatic, and usage factors conspire in the gradual emergence of a graphemic convention. We therefore argue that the previously neglected graphemic dimension can add important insights to an empirically based theory of the language-cognition interface.
Quantifying polysemy: Corpus methodology for prototype theory
Authors: Glynn Dylan
Published: November 2016

This study addresses the methodological problem of result falsification in Cognitive Semantics, specifically in the descriptive analysis of semasiological variation, or “polysemy”. It argues that manually analysed corpus data can be used to describe models of semantic structure. The method proposed is quantified, permitting repeat analysis. The operationalisation of a semasiological structure employed in the study takes the principle of semantic features and applies them to a contextual analysis of usage-events, associated with the lexeme under scrutiny. The feature analysis, repeated on a large collection of occurrences, results in a set of metadata that constitutes the usage-profile of the lexeme. Multivariate statistics are then employed to identify patterns in those metadata. The case study examines 500 occurrences of the English lexeme
Mutual intelligibility of spoken Maltese, Libyan Arabic, and Tunisian Arabic functionally tested: A pilot study
Authors: Čéplö Slavomír , Bátora Ján , Benkato Adam , Milička Jiří , Pereira Christophe , Zemánek Petr
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the results of a project designed to functionally test the mutual intelligibility of spoken Maltese, Tunisian Arabic, and Benghazi Libyan Arabic. We compiled an audio-based intelligibility test consisting of three components: a word test where the respondents were asked to perform a semantic classification task with 11 semantic categories, a sentence test where the task was to provide a translation of a sentence into the respondent’s native language, and a text test where a short text was listened to twice and the respondents were asked to answer 8 multiple-choice questions. Data were collected from 24 respondents in Malta, Tunis, and Benghazi. It was found that there exists asymmetric mutual intelligibility between the two mainstream varieties of Maġribī Arabic and Maltese, with speakers of Tunisian and Libyan Arabic able to understand about 40 % of what is being said to them in Maltese, against about 30 % for speakers of Maltese exposed to either variety of Arabic. Additionally, it was found that Tunisian Arabic has the highest level of mutual intelligibility with either of the other two varieties. Combining the intelligibility scores with comparative linguistic data, we were able to sketch out the phonological variables involved in enabling and inhibiting mutual intelligibility for all three varieties of Arabic and set the stage for further research into the subject.
Lower domain language shift in Taiwan: The case of Southern Min
Authors: Liu Yu-Chang , Gijsen Johan , Tsai Chung-Ying
Published: November 2016

This paper presents data from a quantitative survey based on 746 written questionnaires and 23 semi-structured interviews. The main purpose of the study was to measure Southern Min and Mandarin lower domain language use among a cross-section of Taiwan’s multilingual population. As organizing elements for our discussion of Taiwan’s current language situation, we made use of Sridhar’s notion of societal multilingualism as well as Ó Riagáin’s idea that the home is possibly the first domain to exhibit language shift. This study followed Ó Riagáin by focusing our research on lower domain language use as well as relevant political determinants. We investigated whether Southern Min speakers tend to prefer a Taiwanese rather than Chinese identity, and whether the Taiwanese link their language choice to age, gender, and region of origin. Political improvements in Taiwan for the past two decades did enable the Taiwanese to compete with the Mainlanders who moved to Taiwan and they now have a stronger case to promote the status of Southern Min and maintain it. Evidence of language shift was discovered: proficiency in Mandarin by the Taiwanese is increasing, while that in Southern Min is decreasing. It is predicted that this language shift will continue, but that the attitudes held by Taiwanese toward their ethnic identity might slow down such a process considerably.
Spatial Analysis of b-value Variability in Armutlu Peninsula (NW Turkey)
Authors: Yeken Tekin
Published: November 2016

Spatial variations of b values were studied by means of 2376 earthquakes with a magnitude completeness of 2.7 in the Armutlu Peninsula (NW Turkey) during a 15-year period following the destructive earthquake on August 17, 1999 in Kocaeli. The
Integration and virtual reality exploration of biomedical data with CmPI and VANTED
Authors: Sommer Björn , Schreiber Falk
Published: November 2016

Modelling and analysis of metabolic processes is an established research field in Computational Systems Biology and
Medicine. There are many different approaches for modelling as well as for visualization, but often these methods ignore
the subcellular localization of proteins, enzymes and transporters involved in the metabolic processes.

Over the recent years, we developed two tools: CELLmicrocosmos 4 PathwayIntegration (CmPI) and VANTED. CmPI is used to
analyse, visualize and explore potential subcellular localizations in a cell environment. CmPI provides import
capabilities for metabolic pathways and simple visualization of directed networks showing the enzyme-compound
relationships inside this environment in 2D as well as 3D. VANTED allows to analyse and visualize biological networks, to
integrate data into these networks and simulate their dynamics.

Here, we will discuss future perspectives of these approaches and how to extend the capabilities of CmPI's localization
method to provide a) complex modelling, visualization and exploration of metabolic networks in combination with -omics
data, and b) immersive analytics of the spatially distributed networks using different Virtual Reality-based
technologies. We discuss the prototypic integration of CmPI with VANTED and the large display visualization framework
Omegalib in combination with a semi-immersive monitor zSpace™ and
CAVE2™.
Symmetry reductions and exact solutions to the Sharma–Tasso–Olever equation
Authors: Zhang Youwei
Published: November 2016

In the present paper,
the Sharma–Tasso–Olever (STO) equation is considered by the Lie symmetry analysis.
All of the geometric vector fields to the STO equation are obtained, and then the symmetry reductions and exact solutions of the equation are investigated.
Our results witness that symmetry analysis is a very efficient and powerful technique in finding the solutions of the proposed equation.
Iteration regularized semigroups of set-valued functions
Authors: Mosallanezhad Masoud , Janfada Mohammad
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a set-valued iteration regularized semigroup, i.e. a family

{

F
t

}

t
≥
0

${\{F^{t}\}_{t\geq 0}}$

of set-valued functions for which

F

s
+
t

∘
C

=

F
s

∘

F
t

,

F
0

=

C
,
s

,

t
≥
0

,

$F^{s+t}\circ C=F^{s}\circ F^{t},\quad F^{0}=C,\quad s,t\geq 0,$

will be considered, where C is a set-valued function on a closed convex cone in a Banach space. Under some appropriate conditions the generator of a set-valued regularized concave semigroup is introduced and some of its properties are investigated. Also differentiability of the iteration family

{

C
∘

F
t

}

t
≥
0

${\{C\circ F^{t}\}_{t\geq 0}}$

is discussed.
On symmetrically porouscontinuous functions
Authors: Kowalczyk Stanisław , Turowska Małgorzata
Published: November 2016

In the present paper, we introduce the notion of symmetrically porouscontinuous functions. We investigate some properties of symmetric porouscontinuity and its connections with the notion of porouscontinuity, studied by Borsík and Holos in [2]. We prove that there are

2
𝔠

${2^{\mathfrak{c}}}$

symmetrically porouscontinuous functions, which extends results of [1] concerning ρ-upper continuous functions.
On the usefulness of formal judgment tasks in syntax and in second-language research: The case of resumptive pronouns in English, Turkish, and Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Hitz John , Francis Elaine J.
Published: November 2016

Gibson and Fedorenko (2013, The need for quantitative methods in syntax and semantics research, Language and Cognitive Processes 28(2), 88–124) have argued against the continued use of informally collected acceptability judgments as the primary methodology in theoretical syntax and semantics research. We provide further support for their position with data from Mandarin and Turkish-language judgment tasks which examined the acceptability of resumptive pronouns (RPs) in relative clauses. Based on previous studies which relied on informal judgments, we expected that RPs should be permitted in certain types of Mandarin relative clauses, but ungrammatical in comparable Turkish relative clauses. The results failed to replicate this contrast: RPs were more acceptable than expected in Turkish, and less acceptable than expected in Mandarin. Furthermore, the Mandarin Chinese experiment showed an unexpected gradient effect. We argue that these results challenge existing theoretical accounts, support the more widespread adoption of experimental tasks in theoretical linguistics and in second-language research, and consistently support the Filler-Gap Domain complexity ranking as proposed by Hawkins (2004, Efficiency and complexity in grammars, Oxford: Oxford University Press). We use the complexity ranking and its supporting evidence as a case study demonstrating that quantitative data, such as the evidence obtained from formal sentence judgment tasks, are indispensable in the defense or criticism of linguistic theories.
Influence of the chemical structure of cross-linking agents on properties of thermally reversible networks
Authors: Polgar Lorenzo Massimo , Cerpentier Robin R.J. , Vermeij Gijs H. , Picchioni Francesco , Duin Martin van
Published: November 2016

It is well-known that the properties of cross-linked rubbers are strongly affected by the cross-link density. In this work it is shown that for thermoreversibly cross-linked elastomers, the type and length of the cross-linker also have a significant effect. A homologous series of diamine and bismaleimide cross-linkers was used to cross-link maleic-anhydride-grafted EPM irreversibly and furan-modified EPM thermoreversibly, respectively. Bismaleimide cross-linkers with a polarity close to that of EPM and a relatively low melting point have a better solubility in the rubber matrix, which results in higher chemical conversion and, thus, higher cross-link densities at the same molar amount of cross-linker. Samples cross-linked with different spacers (aromatic and aliphatic spacers of different lengths) were compared at the same cross-link density to interpret the effects on the material properties. The rigid character of the short aliphatic and the aromatic cross-linkers accounts for the observed increase in hardness, Young´s modulus and tensile strength with respect to the longer, more flexible aliphatic cross-linkers. In conclusion, the structure of the cross-linking agent can be considered as an alternative variable in tuning the rubber properties, especially for thermoreversibly cross-linked rubber.
An exploration of diabetic foot screening procedures data by a multiple correspondence analysis
Authors: Urbančič Rovan Vilma , Rovan Jože
Published: November 2016

Aims

Gangrene and amputation are among most feared complications of diabetes mellitus. Early detection of patients at high risk for foot ulceration can prevent foot complications. Regular foot screening (medical history, foot examination and classification into risk groups) was introduced at the out-patient diabetes clinic in Ljubljana in November 1996. We aimed to explore the relationships between the observed variables, check the appropriateness of the risk status classification and of the post-screening decisions.

Methods

The data of 11.594 patients, obtained in 18 years, were analysed by multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). Most of the observed variables were categorical.

Results

The majority of the screened population was free of foot complications. We demonstrated an increasing frequency and severity of foot problems with an increasing age, as well as the association between the loss of protective sensation and the history of foot ulceration, foot deformity and callus formation, the history of foot ulcer or amputation and acute foot ulceration. A new finding was that the location of foot deformity points was closer to female than male gender, indicating the possible role of fashionable high-heel footwear. The appropriateness of therapeutic decisions was confirmed: the points representing absent foot pulses and referral to vascular specialist were close together, as well as points representing foot deformity and special footwear prescription or callus formation and referral to pedicurist.

Conclusions

MCA was applied to the data on foot pathology in the population attending the out-patient diabetes clinic. The method proved to be a useful statistical tool for analysing the data of screening procedures.
Prácticas metapragmáticas e ideologías lingüísticas en el aula. Variedades de español y gallego de jóvenes en Galicia
Authors: Zas Varela Luz
Published: November 2016

En este artículo analizaremos, a través de una serie de actividades diseñadas para implementar en el aula, el modo en el que un grupo de jóvenes gallegos co-construyen el conocimiento metalingüístico y metapragmático acerca de las diferentes variedades locales del español y gallego. La exposición de su trayectoria biográfica permite que afloren diversos saberes y conocimientos metalingüísticos que los estudiantes han ido adquiriendo a lo largo de su escolarización y, además, surgen diversas categorizaciones sobre lenguas y variedades que ponen de manifiesto sus ideologías lingüísticas (Siegel, 2006. Language ideologies and education of speakers of marginalized language varieties: adopting a critical awareness approach.Language and Education(17), pp. 157–174). A través del análisis de las prácticas metalingüísticas y metapragmáticas comprobaremos cómo se reproducen las ideologías lingüísticas de estos jóvenes; por una parte, las ideologías de la institución académica y escolar; y por otra, las ideologías lingüísticas de los jóvenes presentes en el aula, en donde etiquetan, clasifican y establecen jerarquizaciones y valoraciones de su repertorio comunicativo. Finalmente, se comprueba cómo las diferentes variedades del español y del gallego actúan como índices de identidad social diferente de la reconocida en el ámbito institucional y académico, con distintos valores en el mercado lingüístico (Bourdieu, 1991.Language and symbolic power. Cambridge: Polity Press.).
TripAdvisor y actos de habla. Delimitaciones teóricas y propuestas metodológicas para el análisis de las estrategias de atenuación de los actos directivos
Authors: Hernández Toribio María Isabel , Mariottini Laura
Published: November 2016

Las opiniones que aparecen en la página web TripAdvisor, como muestra relevante de la promoción del Turismo 2.0, se convierten, dadas las características de este discurso, en macroactos de habla directivos en los que convergen actos de distinta naturaleza. Si bien se presentan como opiniones, trascienden los límites de la mera información para convertirse en actos directivos, ya que el opinante se ve implicado en la construcción de una especie de guía de ayuda a otros viajeros. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es categorizar los distintos tipos de las denominadas por la página web TripAdvisor “opiniones” comosugerencias,consejos,recomendacionesyadvertencias, y analizar las estrategias de atenuación a las que se recurre en su formulación al servicio de distintasactividades de imagen. Los resultados muestran una tendencia que nos lleva a proponer la distinción entre estos tipos de actos directivos sobre la base de: la recurrencia a estrategias de atenuación, factores como el poder o la voluntad del opinante, el coste-beneficio para el destinatario, así como las propias calificaciones de las opiniones – en las categorías “excelente”, “muy bueno”, “normal”, “malo” y “pésimo”– establecidas por la propia página web. Tener en cuenta todas estas variables nos ha permitido constatar la existencia de un continuo de los actos de habla que se corresponden con diferentes grados de estrategias de atenuación, también en función de las categorías de evaluación y de los mecanismos utilizados para producir el acto.
Die Lanthanoid(III)-Oxid-Oxoselenate(IV) Ln
2O[SeO3]2 (Ln=Sm–Tm)
Authors: Wontcheu Joseph , Zitzer Sabine , Schleid Thomas
Published: November 2016

Single crystals of compounds with the composition Ln
2O[SeO3]2 (Ln=Sm–Tm) were synthesized by solid-state reactions of the lanthanoid sesquioxides (Ln
2O3) with the corresponding tribromides (LnBr3) and selenium dioxide (SeO2) in a molar ratio of 2:1:2 in evacuated torch-sealed silica ampoules. For the terbium case, Tb4O7 and SeO2 have been reacted with elemental Tb in a molar ratio of 3:14:2. These lanthanoid(III) oxide oxoselenates(IV) all crystallize tetragonally with the space group P42/ncm and decreasing lattice parameters from the lighter to the heavier Ln
3+ cations (from a=1077.03(8) pm and c=526.38(4) pm for Ln=Sm to a=1049.60(8) pm and c=516.04(4) pm for Ln=Tm) according to the lanthanide contraction. They show a three-dimensional network of condensed [LnO8]13− polyhedra with a channel structure, where all ψ
1-tetrahedral [SeO3]2− units are coordinating with their O2− anions to square antiprisms [LnO8]13− and pointing with their non-bonding electron pairs into the empty channels, which propagate along [001]. As another characteristic feature of the crystal structure, [OLn
4]10+ tetrahedra containing the non-selenium-bonded O2− anions are trans-edge-connected to form

{[O
L

n

4
/
2

e

]

4
+

}

∞
1

${}_\infty ^{\rm{1}}{\rm{\{ [O}}Ln_{4/2}^{\rm{e}}{{\rm{]}}^{{\rm{4}} + }}{\rm{\} }}$

chains, which run parallel to the lone-pair channels in [001] direction and build up a tetragonal rod-packing.
A comparative proteomic analysis for adventitious root formation in lotus root (Nelumbo nuciferaGaertn)
Authors: Libao Cheng , Runzhi Jiang , Mengli Yang , Liangjun Li , Shuyan Li
Published: November 2016

Adventitious roots (ARs) directly affect lotus seedling growth and product quality because principal root is not well developed. However, the details of AR formation at the molecular level have not been determined in lotus. Therefore, three stages were chosen to identify the change of proteins abundant during rhizome formation, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantization coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in AR formation. We totally obtained 323,375 spectra during AR formation. After filtering to eliminate low-scoring spectra, 66,943 spectra, including 53,106 unique spectra, were identified. These unique spectra matched 28,905 peptides, including 24,992 unique peptides, which were assembled into 6686 proteins. In the C0/C1 and C1/C2 stages, 66 and 32 proteins showed enhanced abundance, and 173 and 73 proteins showed decreased abundance, respectively. Seventeen important AR formation-related proteins from the three stages were identified, and the expressions of nine genes from the above-identified proteins were assessed by qRT-PCR. This article provides a comprehensive understanding of the changes in metabolism during AR formation, and is helpful to accelerate the progress of breeding in fulture in lotus root.
The Unintended Consequences of Social Media in Healthcare: New Problems and New Solutions
Authors: Atique S. , Mayer M. A. , Denecke K. , Merolli M. , Househ M. , Hors-Fraile S.
Published: November 2016

Objectives: Social media is increasingly being used in conjunction with health information technology (health IT). The objective of this paper is to identify some of the undesirable outcomes that arise from this integration and to suggest solutions to these problems.

Methodology: After a discussion with experts to elicit the topics that should be included in the survey, we performed a narrative review based on recent literature and interviewed multidisciplinary experts from different areas. In each case, we identified and analyzed the unintended effects of social media in health IT.

Results: Each analyzed topic provided a different set of unintended consequences. Most relevant consequences include lack of privacy with ethical and legal issues, patient confusion in disease management, poor information accuracy in crowdsourcing, unclear responsibilities, misleading and biased information in the prevention and detection of epidemics, and demotivation in gamified health solutions with social components.

Conclusions: Using social media in healthcare offers several benefits, but it is not exempt of potential problems, and not all of these problems have clear solutions. We recommend careful design of digital systems in order to minimize patient’s feelings of demotivation and frustration and we recommend following specific guidelines that should be created by all stakeholders in the healthcare ecosystem.
Unintended Consequences of Tele Health and their Possible Solutions
Authors: Maeder A. , Mars M. , Hartvigsen G. , Basu A. , Abbott P. , Gogia S. B.
Published: November 2016

Objectives: Assess unforeseen consequences of Telehealth and suggest solutions

Methods: An outline was created collecting all possible ill effects classified into Clinical considerations, Administrative concerns including interpersonal relations, Technical issues, Legal / Ethical concerns and Miscellaneous. Each topic was assigned to a particular WG member to lead, gather opinion and review existing literature.

Results and Conclusion: A wide array of problems have been described. Except for technical issues, literature on this topic is scant, so this article is based more on personal experience and data collected from surveys. Much can be done to prevent such problems, such as a need for standardization with related clinical studies for devices as well as processes used for telehealth is underlined, besides evaluation of outcomes of projects undertaken.
Improving Evaluation to Address the Unintended Consequences of Health Information Technology
Authors: Ammenwerth E. , Hyppönen H. , de Keizer N. , Nykänen P. , Rigby M. , Scott P. , Talmon J. , Georgiou A. , Magrabi F.
Published: November 2016

Background and objectives: With growing use of IT by healthcare professionals and patients, the opportunity for any unintended effects of technology to disrupt care health processes and outcomes is intensified. The objectives of this position paper by the IMIA Working Group (WG) on Technology Assessment and Quality Development are to highlight how our ongoing initiatives to enhance evaluation are also addressing the unintended consequences of health IT.

Methods: Review of WG initiatives Results: We argue that an evidence-based approach underpinned by rigorous evaluation is fundamental to the safe and effective use of IT, and for detecting and addressing its unintended consequences in a timely manner. We provide an overview of our ongoing initiatives to strengthen study design, execution and reporting by using evaluation frameworks and guidelines which can enable better characterization and monitoring of unintended consequences, including the Good Evaluation Practice Guideline in Health Informatics (GEP-HI) and the Statement on Reporting of Evaluation Studies in Health Informatics (STARE-HI). Indicators to benchmark the adoption and impact of IT can similarly be used to monitor unintended effects on healthcare structures, processes and outcome. We have also developed EvalDB, a web-based database of evaluation studies to promulgate evidence about unintended effects and are developing the content for courses to improve training in health IT evaluation.

Conclusion: Evaluation is an essential ingredient for the effective use of IT to improve healthcare quality and patient safety. WG resources and skills development initiatives can facilitate a pro-active and evidence-based approach to detecting and addressing the unintended effects of health IT.
Aspiring to Unintended Consequences of Natural Language Processing: A Review of Recent Developments in Clinical and Consumer-Generated Text Processing
Authors: Elhadad N. , Demner-Fushman D.
Published: November 2016

Objectives: This paper reviews work over the past two years in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applied to clinical and consumer-generated texts.

Methods: We included any application or methodological publication that leverages text to facilitate healthcare and address the health-related needs of consumers and populations.

Results: Many important developments in clinical text processing, both foundational and task-oriented, were addressed in community-wide evaluations and discussed in corresponding special issues that are referenced in this review. These focused issues and in-depth reviews of several other active research areas, such as pharmacovigilance and summarization, allowed us to discuss in greater depth disease modeling and predictive analytics using clinical texts, and text analysis in social media for healthcare quality assessment, trends towards online interventions based on rapid analysis of health-related posts, and consumer health question answering, among other issues.

Conclusions: Our analysis shows that although clinical NLP continues to advance towards practical applications and more NLP methods are used in large-scale live health information applications, more needs to be done to make NLP use in clinical applications a routine widespread reality. Progress in clinical NLP is mirrored by developments in social media text analysis: the research is moving from capturing trends to addressing individual health-related posts, thus showing potential to become a tool for precision medicine and a valuable addition to the standard healthcare quality evaluation tools.
A New Informatics Geography
Authors: Coiera E.
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Anyone with knowledge of information systems has experienced frustration when it comes to system implementation or use. Unanticipated challenges arise frequently and unanticipated consequences may follow.

Objective: Working from first principles, to understand why information technology (IT) is often challenging, identify which IT endeavors are more likely to succeed, and predict the best role that technology can play in different tasks and settings.

Results: The fundamental purpose of IT is to enhance our ability to undertake tasks, supplying new information that changes what we decide and ultimately what occurs in the world. The value of this information (VOI) can be calculated at different stages of the decision-making process and will vary depending on how technology is used. We can imagine a task space that describes the relative benefits of task completion by humans or computers and that contains specific areas where humans or computers are superior. There is a third area where neither is strong and a final joint workspace where humans and computers working in partnership produce the best results.

Conclusion: By understanding that information has value and that VOI can be quantified, we can make decisions about how best to support the work we do. Evaluation of the expected utility of task completion by humans or computers should allow us to decide whether solutions should depend on technology, humans, or a partnership between the two.
Recent Worldwide Developments in eHealth and mHealth to more Effectively Manage Cancer and other Chronic Diseases – A Systematic Review
Authors: Ray P. , Liaw S.-T. , Lewis J.
Published: November 2016

Objectives: This paper is a systematic literature review intended to gain an understanding of the most original, excellent, state-of-the-art research in the application of eHealth (including mHealth) in the management of chronic diseases with a focus on cancer over the past two years.

Method: This review looks at peer-reviewed papers published between 2013 and 2015 and examines the background and trends in this area. It systematically searched peer-reviewed journals in databases PubMed, Proquest, Cochrane Library, Elsevier, Sage and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE Digital Library) using a set of pre-defined keywords. It then employed an iterative process to filter out less relevant publications.

Results: From an initial search return of 1,519,682 results returned, twenty nine of the most relevant peer reviewed articles were identified as most relevant.

Conclusions: Based on the results we conclude that innovative eHealth and its subset mHealth initiatives are rapidly emerging as an important means of managing cancer and other chronic diseases. The adoption is following different paths in the developed and developing worlds. Besides governance and regulatory issues, barriers still exist around information management, interoperability and integration. These include medical records available online information for clinicians and consumers on cancer and other chronic diseases, mobile app bundles that can help manage co-morbidities and the capacity of supporting communication technologies.
New Unintended Adverse Consequences of Electronic Health Records
Authors: Wright A. , Ash J. , Singh H. , Sittig D. F.
Published: November 2016

Although the health information technology industry has made considerable progress in the design, development, implementation, and use of electronic health records (EHRs), the lofty expectations of the early pioneers have not been met. In 2006, the Provider Order Entry Team at Oregon Health & Science University described a set of unintended adverse consequences (UACs), or unpredictable, emergent problems associated with computer-based provider order entry implementation, use, and maintenance. Many of these originally identified UACs have not been completely addressed or alleviated, some have evolved over time, and some new ones have emerged as EHRs became more widely available. The rapid increase in the adoption of EHRs, coupled with the changes in the types and attitudes of clinical users, has led to several new UACs, specifically: complete clinical information unavailable at the point of care; lack of innovations to improve system usability leading to frustrating user experiences; inadvertent disclosure of large amounts of patient-specific information; increased focus on computer-based quality measurement negatively affecting clinical workflows and patient-provider interactions; information overload from marginally useful computer-generated data; and a decline in the development and use of internally-developed EHRs. While each of these new UACs poses significant challenges to EHR developers and users alike, they also offer many opportunities. The challenge for clinical informatics researchers is to continue to refine our current systems while exploring new methods of overcoming these challenges and developing innovations to improve EHR interoperability, usability, security, functionality, clinical quality measurement, and information summarization and display.
Clinical Research Informatics Contributions from 2015
Authors: Choquet R. , Daniel C. ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Clinical Research Informatics
Published: November 2016

Objectives: To summarize key contributions to current research in the field of Clinical Research Informatics (CRI) and to select best papers published in 2015.

Method: A bibliographic search using a combination of MeSH and free terms search over PubMed on Clinical Research Informatics (CRI) was performed followed by a double-blind review in order to select a list of candidate best papers to be then peer-reviewed by external reviewers. A consensus meeting between the two section editors and the editorial team was finally organized to conclude on the selection of best papers.

Results: Among the 579 returned papers published in the past year in the various areas of Clinical Research Informatics (CRI) - i) methods supporting clinical research, ii) data sharing and interoperability, iii) re-use of healthcare data for research, iv) patient recruitment and engagement, v) data privacy, security and regulatory issues and vi) policy and perspectives - the full review process selected four best papers. The first selected paper evaluates the capability of the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) Operational Data Model (ODM) to support the representation of case report forms (in both the design stage and with patient level data) during a complete clinical study lifecycle. The second selected paper describes a prototype for secondary use of electronic health records data captured in non-standardized text. The third selected paper presents a privacy preserving electronic health record linkage tool and the last selected paper describes how big data use in US relies on access to health information governed by varying and often misunderstood legal requirements and ethical considerations.

Conclusions: A major trend in the 2015 publications is the analysis of observational, “nonexperimental” information and the potential biases and confounding factors hidden in the data that will have to be carefully taken into account to validate new predictive models. In addiction, researchers have to understand complicated and sometimes contradictory legal requirements and to consider ethical obligations in order to balance privacy and promoting discovery.
Unintended Consequences: New Problems, New Solutions
Authors: Chen Y. , Koppel R. ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Special Section on Unintended Consequences
Published: November 2016

Objective: To select the best of the 2015 published papers on unintended consequences of healthcare information technology (HIT).

Method: Literature searches in several areas of scholarship, including IT, human factors, evaluation studies, medical errors, medical informatics, and implementation science. Also, because the specific terms “unintended consequences” were not often included in abstracts and titles, a more nuanced search algorithm was developed.

Results: We identified 754 papers that had some empirical research on unintended consequences of HIT. An initial screen of titles and abstracts reduced this to 171 papers of potential interest. We then further filtered out papers that did not meet the following criteria: 1) the paper had to report an original empirical investigation, and 2) the impact reported had to be not negligible, i.e., in quantitative studies, the results related to unintended consequences were statistically significant; and in qualitative studies the relevant themes emerged were prominent. This resulted in 33 papers of which 15 were selected as best paper candidates. Each of these 15 papers was then separately evaluated by four reviewers. The final selection of four papers was made jointly by the external reviewers and the two section editors. Conclusions: There is a growing awareness of the importance of HIT’s unintended consequences—be they generated by the HIT vendors, the implementation process, the consultants, the users, or most probably, some combination of the above. There has also been greater creativity in use of data sources, including secondary data (e.g., medical malpractice cases and surveys) and a wider acceptance of mixed methods to identify unintended consequences. Unfortunately, the complexity of causes mitigates the value of recommendations to avoid unwanted outcomes. Suggestions are often contentious rather than obvious, setting-specific, and not universally applicable. “Lessons learned” often take on generalized—and perhaps platitudinous—forms, such as: “plan extra time,” “involve all of the stakeholders,” “recognize the different needs of different units or disciplines.” The greater awareness of these problems, and the increased desire to identify and eliminate them is clearly reflected in the area’s growing literature. We are hopeful the topic will receive additional attention and the discipline will improve its ability to identify and address these unexpected and usually adverse outcomes.