bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Vector Dynamics of Zika Virus Outbreak in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Authors: R. Rajendran S. Sasi , T. Suresh V. Meenakshy , Dilip Kumar R. Heera Pillai , K. Regu Athira Sugathan
Published: March 2022

The first laboratory confirmed case in Kerala was reported in Thiruvananthapuram, on 8th July 2021. Since then, 83 ZIKV positive cases have been reported from Kerala, with majority of cases from Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation (TMC) area. Entomological surveillance was carried out in 19 wards of TMC including 9 micro containment wards. Three species of Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes-Ae.aegypti, Ae.albopictus and Ae.vittatus could be collected from the survey areas and among this, Ae.albopictus was the predominant species. The Aedes larval indices such as House index, Container index and Breteau index were found above the critical level in all the surveyed areas. Analysis on immature Aedes output in different container types indicated flooded cement floors/water stagnated areas in newly constructing sites had the highest container productivity (43.08) followed by discarded tires (15.68) and plastic containers (11.62). The highest container/breeding site efficiency was noted in the same flooded cement floors (4.0) followed by grinding stones/cement tanks/cement pits (2.97) and in discarded tires (1.92). ZIKV could be detected from Ae.aegypti, Ae.albopictus and Ae.vittatus mosquitoes. The detection of ZIKV from Ae.albopictus and Ae.vittatus in the present study is the first report from India. Transovarial transmission could be noted in this outbreak investigation. The outbreak of ZIKV in the state capital causes a serious public health concern all over the state. The right approach will certainly rely on intensive source reduction activities and implementation of both traditional and newer vector control interventions with the active participation of the community.
Influence of Plant Growth Regulators and Jeevamrut on Morphological and Yield Parameters of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)
Authors: D. V. Durge Madhuri B. Dhomne , T. H. Rathod Priti A. Sonkamble
Published: March 2022

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Experimental field of Department of Agricultural Botany., Dr. Panjabro Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M. S.). The experiment comprised of single variety of pigeonpea i.e. PKV (TARA) laid out in randomized block design with four replications, provided with eight treatments of two growth regulators i.e. GA3-25, 50 and 75 ppm and NAA-25, 50 and 75 ppm concentrations including jeevvmrut@ 500 L ha-1 and control. Plant growth regulators at different concentrations were applied through foliar spray at flower and pod initiation stages and soil application of jeevamruth was carried out at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAS. Results indicated that two applications of 75 ppm GA3 at flower and pod initiation stages recorded significantly more plant height, leaf area plant-1, total dry matter production-1 and yield and yield attributes followed by NAA-75 ppm and by soil application of jeevamruth @ 500 L ha-1.
Formulation and Characterization of Gluten Free Bread based on Quinoa and Rice Flour
Authors: Mishra Neha Mandaloju Pooja , Ranu Prasad
Published: March 2022

The aim of the present study is to formulate gluten free bread enriched with quinoa and rice flour. Physicochemical properties of flour including water absorption capacity, bulk density, foaming capacity, swelling capacity and emulsion capacity were analysed. Then sensory score of the product such as colour, flavour, taste, and overall acceptability and nutritional compositions includes moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, energy were analyzed by Hedonic scale and AOAC method. Data was analysed by Analysis of variance (Two-way ANOVA or Two-way classification) technique treatment of the developed food products. The result of sensory score reported that treatment (T2) found to be best. The result of the present study revealed that rice flour and quinoa flour, enhance the nutritive value of gluten free bread.
Anona Genus : Phytochemical, Anticancer and Activity Structure Relationship
Authors: Afrizal Lusi Madona , Efdi Mai
Published: March 2022

The Annonagenus, consisting of 119 species, has been continuously researched and proven to have various pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and so on. Annona plants such as Annona cherimolia Mill, Annona Reticulate, Annona Squamosa, Annona muricata L have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antihelmintic, antipyretic, antihyperglycemic, analgesic, wound healing, and cytotoxic effects caused by the presence of active compounds such as acetogenin, alkaloids. And terpenoids whose role as treatment or prevent anti-cancer. Active compounds in inhibiting or preventing cancer cells are mostly found in the leaves, seeds and fruit of the Annona plant. The anticancer or antitumor activity of bioactive compounds is related to the structure of these compounds. The large number of hydroxyl groups and supported by the hydroxyl position flanking the γ-lactone ring and the stereochemical arrangement of the THF ring determines the effectiveness of cytotoxic activity (the stereochemical arrangement of the THF ACG ring, threo/trans/erythro is more active than threo/trans/threo), the presence of hydroxyl groups at the tail of the ACG carbon chain and for alkaloids in the presence of 1,2-methylenedioxy and methylated nitrogen.
Sucker Selection on Banana (Musa AAA cv Valery) Root Content, Nematode Populations, and Yield
Authors: Chávez César , Calderón Luis , Espinosa Franco , Salas Eduardo , Araya Mario
Published: March 2022

A field experiment was carried out in El Guabo, Ecuador, to study how sucker selection affect root content, nematode numbers, and yield variables on banana (Musa AAA cv. Valery) plants. The two treatments evaluated were sword sucker selection at plant flowering and early sword sucker selection of 60 cm height on un-shooting plants. The two treatments were laid out in RCD with ten replicates and in each replicated, 10 of each sucker were evaluated across five ratoon crop cycles. With few exceptions, no differences were found in root contents between the two types of sword sucker selected. No differences in the number of Pratylenchus spp. (P> 0.0911), Meloidogyne spp.(P> 0.1011), Helicotylenches spp., (P> 0.1189), Radopholus similis(P> 0.2657), and total nematodes (P> 0.0557) were found in none of the ratoons between the two types of suckers selected. The number of total nematodes varied across the five ratoon crop cycles between 6021 and 22327 per 100 g of roots by sucker. In none of the yield variables (bunch weight P> 0.1528, ratio P> 0.1527, rationing P> 0.1261, and number of boxes per hectare by year P> 0.1447) differences were found between the selected suckers at the parent plant and the subsequent four ratoon crop cycles. Across the five harvests, the number of boxes oscillated between 2971 and 4072per hectare per year. Although, no differences in yield were found, in the last three ratoon crop cycles consistently more than 100 (106 to 133) boxes per hectare per year were got when sucker selection was done on un-shooting plants. Considering the actual market price of a box of 18.14 kg of bananas of US $6.25, the additional net income from the increase in yield, deducted the cost of labour of $0.75 of packing for each additional box would varies between 580 to 732 US$ per hectare per year.
Validation of CERES-RICE Model in Wetland Condition using DSSAT-4.5
Authors: S. B. Kharbade P. Deshmukh , S. V. Jadhav N. V. Kashid , Balasubramanian R.
Published: March 2022

An agro-meteorological investigation was undertaken on “Crop weather pest relationship and validation of DSSAT model for rice varieties under different transplanting dates’’ during kharif, 2016 and 2017 at Agricultural Research Station Farm, Vadgaon Maval, Dist. Pune, under Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, for the purpose to evaluate the heat efficiency of rice crop. An experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment comprised of four sowing dates viz., S1 : 26th MW (25 June-1 July), S2 : 28th MW (9 July-15 July), S­3 : 30 MW (23 July-29 July) and S4 : 32nd MW (06 August -12 August) as main plot treatments and four varieties viz., V1: VDN-99-29 (Phule Samruddhi), V2 : VDN-3-51-18 (Indrayani), V3 : IET-13549 (Bhogavati) and V4 : RDN-99-1 (Phule Radha) as sub plot treatments.
Genetic Variability Studies for Yield and Related Attributes in Rice Genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Shweta Monika Singh , Rajendra Kumar Yadav Vijay Kumar Yadav , Anjani Kumar Singh Poonam Singh
Published: March 2022

The experiment on present investigation was conducted for assessment of genetic variability during kharif 2018 and 2019, at Crop Research Farm, Nawabganj and Seed Multiplication Farm Bojha, Chandra Sheker Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) India under four environments taking into consideration of high to normal salt stress condition. The experimental materials comprising of 100 genotypes and six standard check varieties (PUSA36, CSR10, CSR36, CSR43, IR64, Usar Dhan 3), grown in Augmented Randomized Block Design with replications of check. Observations were obtained for. Days to 50% flowering, Days to maturity, Plant height (cm), Stress score at vegetative stage, Panicle bearing tillers/ plant, Panicle length (cm), Spikelets/ panicle, Number of grains/panicle, Spikelet fertility (%), Biological yield /plant, Grain yield / plant (g), Harvest index (%), Stress score at reproductive phase,1000- grains weight. Analysis of variance for augmented design in pooled over environment of the environment showed the significant pattern for all fourteen traits. The Analysis of variance revealed the highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters under study. The genotypes exhibited a wide range of variability for most of the traits. From the study, it is clear that the traits like Stress score at vegetative stage, stress score at reproductive phase and Grain yield/ plant exhibiting highest values of PCV, GCV. It is highly recommended to select these traits except Spikelet fertility to attain increased yield Days to maturity, 1000-grain weight followed by plant height, Panicle length, Biological yield/plant exhibiting low values of variance hence these traits are ineffective to attain gain by practicing selection. The genotypes IL 773 followed by IL444, IL 105, IL 277, IL 891, IL 125, IL 344, IL 1121 and IL655 produced high grain yield plant-1 and these lines constituted significant group for higher grain yield/plant. The most of the genotypes also showed high to very high mean performance for several other yield components. The superior lines identified for grain yield and other characters may be used as donor parents in hybridization programme under Alkalinity for improving the characters for which they showed high mean performance.
Phytodiversity of Threatened Ethno Medicinal Plant Species in West Khasihills District of Meghalaya, India
Authors: Eugenia P. Lal Pynkupbor Jyndiang , Neelam Khare Somnath Sen , Wani Afaq Majid
Published: March 2022

The exploration and survey for diversity of threatened of ethno-medicinal plant species in West Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya was conducted during 2020-2021 for 15 villages in Byrki, Pyndensohphoh, Pyndenmawbah, Marshan, Thangkhmahjah, Nongkhlaw, Nongkynjang, Nonglwai-I, Nonglwai-II, Mawthungkper, Jaidoh, Nongklung Rim, Nongklung, Marskuin and Nongjyllieh. The methodology followed the quantitative analysis and use of phytosociological aspects between the species. Quadrate size 100m2 for trees, 50m2 for shrubs and 10m2 for herbs were used and herbariums were made for every species specimen collected. The result of the present study of 15 villages surveyed recorded 17 species of trees belonging to 11 families, 10 species of shrubs belonging to 8 families and 15 species of herbs belonging to 8 families. In term of Taxonomic status and number of individuals Pinuskesiya was found to be the most maximum tree species, Rubuskhasiana was found to be the most maximum shrub species, while, Fagopyrumdi botrys was found to be the most maximum herb species. On comparison of the result of the phytosociological aspects of 15 villages, it concluded that Nongklung Rim showed the highest values for Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H') (0.58) for tree species, Nongjyllieh showed the high value for Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H') (0.59) for shrub species, while Pyndensohphoh, Nongkynjang, Nonglwai-I, Nongklung and Nongjyllieh showed the highest value for Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H') (0.57) for herb species. These plants would be of much benefit, if evaluated and introduced in the modern scientific health care system. However, the decline in population due to over harvesting and habitat destruction of these plants calls for nursery measures for their effective conservation.
Studies on Effect of Sub-Soiling on Runoff, Soil loss and Soybean Yield Potential under Rainfed Condition
Authors: M. S. Pendke P. Deshmukh , B. W. Bhuibhar W. N. Narkhede , U. M. Khodke M. Bhosle
Published: March 2022

Marathwada region of Maharashtra state is basically a rainfed region. Soybean is a major crop grown particularly in kharif season. The monsoon behavior has become very uncertain during recent past. The rainfall, its uneven distribution and prolonged dry spells during kharif season affect the crop productivity particularly in Marathwada region. Therefore, effective management of rainwater for its in-situ conservation is the key point for sustaining productivity. Sub-soiling may be one of the technique for reducing runoff and soil loss and to increase the grain yield. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of sub soiling on runoff and soil loss and also to increase the crop yield. It is concluded that subsoiling in alternate year or every year with horizontal spacing of 1.5 m or 2.0 m is found suitable with respect to yield advantage and reduction in runoff and soil loss. The minimum runoff and soil loss were observed under sub soiling at every year followed in sub soiling in alternate year whereas maximum runoff and soil loss were observed in sub soiling in once in three year. Among sub soiling spacing treatments, minimum runoff and soil loss were observed in sub soiling at 1.5 m spacing and sub soiling at 2.0 m spacing whereas maximum runoff and soil loss were observed in subs soiling at 3.0 m spacing.
Prevalence of COVID-19 Infections in Vaccinated and Infected Individuals-Knowledge based Questionnaire-Survey
Authors: V. Kalpana Devi E. Subbalakshmi , P. Neelushree H. Kalavathy Victor
Published: March 2022

SARS Co-V-2 has been affecting the entire world since March 2020. Vaccines were introduced both Covaxin and Covishield from January 2021 to protect the individuals. Covishield is a viral vector vaccine using modified chimpanzee adenovirus ChAdOx1and Covaxin is an inactivated virus based Covid-19 vaccine. Though the vaccines were targeted initially to cover health care workers, people above the age of 65 and people above 45 with co morbidities, there was a splurge of second wave in April 2021 which claimed the life of many peoples especially young adults. Keeping this in mind this study has been aimed to assess the severity of illness in vaccinated as well as infected individuals. This study is a knowledge based questionnaire study. Aim and Objective of the study: The objective of the study is to find out the prevalence of infection in infected and vaccinated individuals. Methods: The study was done through knowledge-based questionnaire. Results: Out of 306 participants in the study group we had 148 females (48.4%) and 158 males (51.6%) comprising of 61 (19.9%) health care workers, 43(14.1%) home makers and 201(66%) other professionals. Vaccination history of the study participants of 306 people showed that around 199(65%) people received covisheild, 49 (16%) people received covaxin and 56(19%) people did not receive any vaccine. Out of the 306 participants, 58 (19%) people got infected with SARS Co-V-2. In the infected group 25 (43.1%) got infected after vaccination 31 (53.5%) and 2 (3.4%) got infected both before and after vaccination. So we had only 27 people who had infection after vaccination. Among them, we monitored the severity of infection which showed that 22(37.9%) people required only home isolation, 2 person (3.4%) did not have any symptoms 1 people (1.7%) needed oxygen support and other 2 people needed immediate hospitalization (3.4%). Conclusion: Our study concludes vaccine either covishield or covaxin was effective as the severity of infection following vaccination was very mild which required only home isolation.
Comparative Study of Performance Evaluation of Biomass based Rotary Tray Dryer and Solar Tunnel Dryer for Drying of Shatavari Roots (Asparagus racemosus)
Authors: N. R. Nandagawali V. Ghanbahadur , Shinde V. B.
Published: March 2022

The project entitled “Comparative study of performance evaluation of biomass based rotary tray dryer and solar tunnel dryer for drying of Shatavari” is carried out at Department of Unconventional Energy Source and Electrical Engineering, Dr. PDKV, Akola undertaken with the objectives to characterize agro residues based briquettes used for combustion in biomass based rotary tray dryer and evaluate performance of biomass based rotary tray dryer for drying of Shatavari in biomass based rotary tray dryer and solar tunnel dryer. The biomass heated air was supply to continuously to the drying chamber for drying of Shatavari roots. To the drying of Shatavari temperature ranges was used 45°, 55° and 65°C. The drying of Shatavri to the temperature in biomass heated air rotary tray dryer and solar tunnel drying result observed the inside drying chamber and combustor temperature were much higher than the ambient temperature during drying time. The drying process observed that drying time was minimized and organic content obtained more in biomass heated air rotary tray dryer was found better than solar tunnel drying. The quantitative analysis showed that the traditional drying i.e.., solar tunnel drying took 17h for drying of Shatavari roots to remove moisture content from 42.83% (db) to 9.37% (db), while biomass heated air rotary tray dryer took only 14 h for drying of Shatavari roots during 45°, 55° and 65°C required 12h moisture content was removed 8.33% (db) respectively.
Review on Effect of Hurdle Technology in Food Preservation
Authors: M. G. Anjaly Ann Annie Shaju
Published: March 2022

When considering food stability the microbial, chemical and sensory qualities must taking into consideration. To achieve these, appropriate preservation measures must be taken to the level that the activities of microorganisms will be overcome. The microbial stability and safety of the most traditional and processed foods is based on a combination of several preservation factors (called hurdles), which the microorganisms present in food are unable to overcome. Hurdles use in food can be physical, physicochemical or microbiologically derived. The main objective of hurdle technology is food preservation, but in addition, many hurdles were reported to improve sensory attributes. Many findings revealed that combination of preservatives at lower concentrations discourage microbial activities more than single preservative at higher concentration. In this review general introduction of hurdle technology was given, also basis on food spoilage and preservation. Principles, application, advantages and effects of hurdles on food quality were also reviewed. Hurdles classification with examples was also stated. Special emphasis was given to contributions from other researchers on the application and effectiveness of hurdle technology in maintaining microbiological, chemical, sensory and physical qualities of processed foods.
Ohmic Heating Technology - A Review
Authors: Ann Annie Shaju G. Anjaly
Published: March 2022

Ohmic heating is a novel technology for food processing. This review paper summarizes there search progress and application in Ohmic heating technology used in food processing. Ohmic heating is an electrical resistance heating method for the heat treatment of food products. When electric current passes through the food, the food heats up because of its internal electrical resistance. In this process heating rate depends upon the electrical conductivity and field strength. By this method a product under goes a minimum structural damage, retain its nutritional value. This technique gives excellent processed quality products in minimum operating time.
Ecological Features of Winter Wheat Agrocenoses in the Conditions of the Khorezm Oasis in Uzbekistan
Authors: Masharipov A. A , Mambetullaeva S. M.
Published: March 2022

The article highlights the research on the ecological features of winter wheat and cotton agrocenoses in the conditions of the Khorezm oasis in Uzbekistan. The influence of environmental factors makes significant adjustments to the growth processes and the creation of the productive potential of plants. Environmental factors, such as water consumption, sowing time, irrigation rates and other factors influence on optimal growth and development of winter wheat. The sowing time of the irrigated lands of the Khorezm region in Uzbekistan has a very significant impact on the effective growth of plants.
Assessment of Nutrient Intake of Pre-School (4-5 Years) Tribal Girls of Udaipur District, India
Authors: Auddy Noopur , Singh Vishakha
Published: March 2022

Malnutrition is by far the highest contributor to child mortality, present in half of all the cases globally. Malnutrition is more common in India than in Sub-Saharan Africa. One in every three malnourished children in the world lives in India. The nutritional status of an individual is often the result of many interrelated factors. The main objectives include to study the dietary intake of 4-5 years old tribal girls. To study the dietary adequacy of 4-5 years old tribal girls. Purposive sampling was adopted for this study. In this study, a total of 224 pre-school girls of 4-5 year old were selected from Kotra and Jhadol block of Udaipur who were already enrolled in any nutritional program (like Anganwadi or Balwadi centers). They were interviewed through the 24-hourrecall method of diet survey to assess the food and nutrient intake to assess the dietary adequacy. The present study shows that the gap between the mean intake and the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) value for nutrients like energy (682.84 kcal/d in Kotra and 585.18 kcal/d in Jhadol), calcium (117.12 mg/d in Kotra and 114.06 mg/d in Jhadol), iron (6.30 mg/d in Kotra and 5.15 mg/d in Jhadol), zinc (3.12 mg/d in Kotra and 2.34 mg/d in Jhadol), Ascorbic Acid (6.78 mg/d in Kotra and 5.40 mg/d in Jhadol), b-carotene (2.99 mg/d in Kotra and 1.41 mg/d in Jhadol), and retinol (4.21mg/d in Kotra and 1.87 mg/d in Jhadol) were inadequate while their diets were found secured regarding protein intake (20.36g/d in Kotra and 16.98 g/d in Jhadol). The diet of tribal 4-5 year girls was found exceptionally inadequate in protective foods like green leafy vegetables, roots and tubers, energy giving foods like fats and body building foods like milk and milk products.
Macro and Micro Nutrient Status of Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture and Research Station Raipur, District Raipur, Chhattisgarh
Authors: K. Tedia, D. Khalkho Amit Singh Sengar , Manoj Kumar Tarar Gourav Jatav , Dadsena Ravishankar
Published: March 2022

The current study was conducted at Instructional farm of IGKV, Raipur district, Chhattisgarh, 2021 to assess the macro and micro nutrient status of the soil. A random sampling procedure was used to gather surface (0-15 cm) soil samples, yielding a total of 126 samples for analysis of soil chemical characteristics. Soil response (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), available macro-nutrients (e.g. N, P, K, S), & DTPA-extractable micro-nutrients (e.g. Iron, Manganese, Copper, Zinc, and hot water extractable Boron) were all tested in the soil samples. The soil pH of the study region ranged from 6.51 to 7.78. It indicates that the pH of the soil is in the neutral to slightly alkaline range. The electrical conductivity found to be fall under the normal category with average value of 0.25 dS/m. Organic carbon in this soil was found to be around 0.38%. Available Nitrogen content was found between 163 to 278 kg ha-1. The available Phosphorus content varied from 2.6 to 28.9 kg ha-1. Available Potassium content ranged from 201.23 to 443.96 kg ha-1. The available Sulphur content ranged from 9.32 to 36.67 kg ha-1. DTPA extractable micronutrient anions content was found that the Iron content varied from 4.1 to 31.4 mg kg-1. The Manganese content ranged between 2.2 to 22 mg kg-1. Copper content varied from 0.4 to 1.7 mg kg-1. Zinc content ranged from 0.4 to 2.3 mg kg-1. Hot- water extractable Boron content found to be between 0.1 to 0.8 mg kg-1.
Assessment of the Sanitary Quality of the Dishes Sold in Street’s Restaurants with High Frequentation in Daloa (Ivory Coast)
Authors: ATTIEN Yao Paul , ZEBRE Arthur Constant , SINA Haziz , ANGAMAN Djédoux Maxime , MOUSSA Lamine BABA , DADIE Adjehi T.
Published: March 2022

The hygiene and quality of food sold in restaurants have a strong impact on the health of the consumer. It is with this in mind that this study was carried out to assess the sanitary quality of the dishes sold in restaurants with high frequentation in the city of Daloa (Ivory Coast). As a prelude to this study, a survey was carried out to find out the areas of high frequentation of restaurants, the socio-demographic profile of crews and customers. And finally, an evaluation of the microbiological quality of some dishes which made it possible to search for germs such as GAM, E. coli, S. aureus and Salmonella sp. The results obtained showed that the restaurant business is carried out by women (100%) aged between 19 and 29 years (57.5%) with a low level of education (55%). Many were single (55%) whose length of service in the trade varied between 1 and 5 years (65%). Most of the consumers were men (59.2%) and single (69.7%). Microbiological analysis of the dishes sold showed contamination by GAM (10 3 to 10 6 CFU / g), E. coli (10 2 to 10 5 CFU / g), S. aureus (3.10 3 to 2.10 5 CFU / g) and presence of Salmonella sp. According to the standard, it appears that 42% of the dishes had an acceptable microbiological quality, 16% satisfactory and 42% of unsatisfactory quality. The non-observance of good hygiene practices in restaurants is one of the causes of microbial contamination of dishes.
Environment and Living Condition of Zaskar Ladakh
Authors: Sabiya Asmat Tashi Dolkar , Shahnawaz Dar Feroz Din Sheikh , Dar Showket
Published: March 2022

The natural environment of Zanskar presents a very harsh and fragile system. The villages are mostly situated along the two main tributaries of Zanskar River. Zanskar range is the most important mountain range of Zanskar tehsil. There are varieties of domesticated animals which are used for different purposes in Zanskar. These domestic animals include ponies, asses, horses, sheep, goats, yaks, dogs, and fowls. Yak is another important animal of Zanskar, and is also known as the “ship of snow”. The herders depends on highland pastoralism and kept temporary settlements locally called doksa. In doksa they reare yak, cow, zhomo, zho. The doksa produce around milk, butter, churphay (dried cottage cheese).
Functional Foods: General Analysis and Development in the Food Industry
Authors: Alba Jimmy Bladimir , Guambuguete Carmen Esmeralda , Hachi Andrea Lizbeth , Carlos Jácome Jenny Esmeralda Quilo y
Published: March 2022

Context: A study of certain foods was carried out on their bioactive compounds, which help in the treatment and prevention of some diseases, resulting in a global trend, conditioned by scientific and technological development, which has attracted the attention of academic sectors and organisms. International organizations to research on the subject. Method: Within this work a broad bibliographic review of functional foods with its general analysis and development within the food industry is demonstrated. Development: A functional food is one that has been elaborated by adding biologically active components that fulfill a specific function and improve health by establishing the origin and applying technological tools to obtain new products and supply market demand. Conclusions: The varied possibilities for the development of functional foods, based on the combination of a common food consisting of a variety of ingredients with biological activity, on the elimination of unwanted components or on the modification of others, making this range of products is currently marketed with a rapid increase.
Sensitizing Rural Community on Water Conservation through Whatsapp – An Innovative Extension Approach
Authors: Vandana Verma Poonam Kundu , Rani Ella
Published: March 2022

Today we are living in a social networking era and the use of social media is a popular trend among people. Social media websites and applications are designed to enable people to share any information in fast and more efficient manner. It is a set of information technology that facilitates interaction and networking. Recently communication technologies and information has sparked the creative incorporation of social media into current pedagogical applications and processes. Social media includes wide range of web-based services and tools that were designed to promote community development through collaboration and information sharing. Keeping the above facts in mind the present study was carried out to create awareness about water conservation techniques through whatsapp messages. For this ten messages were designed and developed on different water conservation techniques. These messages were sent to 40 rural women of Burack and Gawar villages of Hisar district through Whatsapp. Later the effectiveness of WhatsApp messages on water conservation were judged on five different parameters viz; Clarity of printing, font size, Clarity of picture, Appropriateness of language and Usefulness of information. The results highlighted the fact that majority of the respondents (75% - 90%) perceived all the messages as very appropriate in terms of clarity of printing, clarity of picture and appropriateness of language used in the picture. They also perceived them as highly useful and understandable. Hence these messages can be effectively use on whatapp to create awareness about water crisis and how to conserve water at domestic front in rural areas.
Effect of Growth Regulators and Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Pleurotus sajor-caju
Authors: C. T. Kumbhar D. Godse , L. S. Shitole A. C. Jadhav
Published: March 2022

The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of various growth regulators and micronutrients on growth and yield of Pleurotus sajor-caju. Results of the research explicitly indicated that the growth regulators and micronutrients experimented at different concentrations, targeting at stimulating growth and sporophore yield of Pleurotus sajor-caju, displayed significantly diverse response to in vitro colony diameter of the fungus, days required for spawn run, pinhead formation, first harvest of sporophores, yield of sporophores and biological efficiency. However, among the growth regulators used, gibberellic acid (GA) @ 20 and 15 ppm significantly improved the colony diameter (90 and 89.98 mm) in in vitro study; reduced the period required for spawn running (13 and 13.5 days), pinhead formation (16 and 16.5), and first harvest (18.5 and 19); augmented the total sporophore yield (858.25 and 855 g/kg dry substrate) and biological efficiency (85.83 and 85.5%). Mixture of micronutrients was ineffective in augmenting the foregoing traits. From the present investigation it is concluded that, spraying of gibberellic acid at 20 and 15 ppm concentrations on cultivation substrate, at the time of spawning, is highly beneficial for obtaining maximum yield of Pleurotus sajor-caju.
Microbes in Cancer
Authors: Londonkar Ramesh , Kesralikar Maithilee
Published: March 2022

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells anywhere in a body. There are different types of cancers involves uncontrolled cell division and metastasis forming neoplasm and mass of undifferentiated cells that is tumor is a group of cells that have undergone unregulated growth which will often form a mass of tissue, but may be distributed slowly. Recent studies indicate that, the gut micro biome has emerged as an important mediating factor of health and disease. Interactions between microbes and human cells play very important roles in human metabolism including digestion of biomolecules like carbohydrates, production of essential amino acids, beneficial fatty acid synthesis and vitamin compounds. During cancer progression, these metabolic interactions between microbes and human cells may shift from one that support health to another that threatens it, as microbes begin interacting with cancer cells rather than healthy human cells. Indeed, microbial dysbiosis (disruption to the gut microbiota homeostasis caused by an imbalance in the microflora, changes in their functional composition and metabolic activities, or a shift in their local distribution) has been found to contribute to gastrointestinal cancer development. The mechanisms of action and these microbes appear to be diverse, with some activating the immune system, others inducing cell death via apoptosis and others inhibiting the growth of new blood vessels thereby depriving tumors of resources. It is the need of the hour for researchers where Future work should investigate the metabolic and ecological interactions between tumor cells and microbes that underlie this effect in order to discover new microbes that can be used in cancer treatments.
Quantitative Morphometric Analysis using RS and GIS techniques in VNMKV-Pingali Watershed of Pingalgarh Nala Catchment, Parbhani District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: V. K. Ingle B. Phupate , U. M. Khodke H. W. Awari , M. S. Pendke B. Jadhav
Published: March 2022

Watershed is a region (or area) delineated with a well-defined topographic boundary and outlets. It is a region within which hydrological conditions are such that water becomes concentrated within a particular location. The morphometric characteristics at the watershed scale may contain important information regarding its formation and development because all hydrologic and geomorphic processes occur within the watershed (Singh, 1992). The quantitative analysis of morphometric parameters is found to be of immense utility in river basin evaluation, watershed prioritization for soil and water conservation and natural resources management at watershed level. DEMs can be used to derive flow networks and then automatically generate watershed boundaries for given outlet points using GIS technology. Morphometric analysis of the watershed is characterized by dendritic type drainage basin which indicates the homogeneity in texture and lack of structural control VNMKV- Pingali watershed has order up to 5th order. From first (272.97) to fifth order (0.22) stream, stream length decreases hence gradient is increased from flat to steep as the stream order increases. The mean stream length ratio varies between 0.13 to 0.25. The increase in stream length ratio from lower to higher order shows that the study area has reached a mature geographic stage. The drainage density of the watershed is 1.88 Km/Km2. A low drainage density indicates permeable subsurface strata and is a characteristic feature of coarse drainage which generally shows values less than 5.0. A low value of the drainage density indicates a relatively low density of streams and thus a slow stream response (Singh, 2004). The Ruggedness number for the basin is 1.46. This number represents that if drainage density is increased, keeping relief as constant then average horizontal distance from drainage divide to the adjacent channel is reduced.
Estimation of Genetic Diversity in Local Grown Urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] Genotypes
Authors: V. S. Girase B. Gawhane , Andhale G. R.
Published: March 2022

Urdbean is the important pulse crops grown throughout India. It is consumed in the form of ‘dal’ (whole or split, husked and un-husked) or perched. It is used as nutritive fodder specially for milk animals also as green manuring crop. This study aims for estimation of genetic variability in local grown genotypes of urdbean. Its measures allelic richness, expected heterozygosity and percent polymorphic loci. Present investigation studied 50 local genotypes of urdbean evaluated in randomized block design with two replications in kharif-2020 at Botany Section Farm, College of Agriculture, Dhule (MS). All 50 lines were evaluated for different morphological and agronomical traits. Result showed high diversity for most of traits under observations. Combined analysis of variance revealed that mean sum of square due to genotypes for all characters were highly significant and indicate presence of ample variability among genotype. The D2 values between all possible pairs of fifty genotypes studied for seed yield per plant ranged from 61.69 (LCU-32, LCU-42) to 3994.94 (LCU-4, LCU-25). The significant differences due to genotypes with high range in D2 value clearly indicated the presence of adequate diversity among the genotypes studied. Among yield contributing components, the number of seeds per pod (41.63%) contributed maximum for divergence, followed by pod length (28.31%). However, the contribution of protein content (12.73%), seed shattering (7.76%), plant height (2.94%), seed yield per plant (2.29%) and 100 seed weight (1.71%) were moderate. So, this trait suggested important indices for selection of superior genotypes of Urdbean in breeding programs.
Isolation of Causal Organism of Wilt and Collar Rot of Lentil and its Pathogenicity Tests
Authors: Babli Abhishek Rathod , Dharmendra Mishra Shivangi Tiwari , Kamlesh Choubey Ravi Patel , Dwarka Jyoti Kurmi
Published: March 2022

The disease appears in the field in patches at both seedling and adult stages. Seedling wilt is characterized by sudden drooping, followed by drying of leaves and seedling death. The roots appear healthy, with reduced proliferation and nodulation and usually no internal discoloration of the vascular system. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis is septate, profusely branched growth on potato sucrose / dextrose agar at 25ºC, initially white turning light buff or deep brown later and fluffy or submerged. The growth becomes felted or wrinkled in old cultures. Various types of pigmentation (yellow, brown, whitish /cream, crimson dark purple, light orange) may be observed in culture on solid medium. Microconidia were usually borne on simple and short conidiophores, which arise laterally on the hyphae. They are oval to cylindrical, straight or curved and measure 2.5 - 3.5 x 5 - 11µm. Macroconidia are borne on branched conidiophore, thin walled, 1 to 6 septate, fusoid, pointed at both ends and measures 3.5 -4.5 x 25 - 65µm. Chlamydospores are formed in old cultures, which are smooth or rough walled, terminal intercalary and may be formed singly or in pairs or in chains. The pathogen causes a lesion localized at or about the collar between the stem and the root. The lesions develop around the stem eventually forming a "collar" region.
Diallel Analysis of Severity Score and Defoliation Percent of Late Leaf Spot (Cercosporidium personatum) [Berk.and Curtis] Deighton]) on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L)
Authors: Fidèle Neya Bawomon , Gilles Thio Ibié , Gaston Dabire Tobdem , Abel Nana Toundwensida , Kadidia Koita , Bertin Zagre M’BI , Philippe Sankara
Published: March 2022

Peanut late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) [Berk.and Curtis] Deighton]) caused yield losses worldwide. An analysis of the genetic effects of resistance to late leaf spot on peanut in a full diallel was performed using Griffing (1956) and Hayman (1954) methods. The objective of the study was to analyse the genetic potential of six parental lines and to determine through severity score and percent defoliation how resistance was transmitted to their descendants. The study found that the severity score gives a broad-sense heritability of 90.2% and a narrow-sense heritability of 70.8%. Defoliation indicated broad-sense heritability of 39% and a narrow-sense heritability of 40.6%. Graphical analysis revealed that resistance to the disease may arise from a complex of dominant and recessive genes. GCA, SCA and Reciprocal Combining Effect was highly significant for the severity score and no significant for defoliation. Additivity have a preponderant influence on the resistance gene expression and severity score appear to be first choice trait in the diallel analyzes for resistance. This severity score better reflected resistance it was more heritable and could be a trait of choice in the breeding strategy to improve resistance to late leaf spot. NAMA, PC79-79, GM656 could be recommended in hybridization programs aimed at improving resistance to late leaf spot.
Effect of Slope and Intercropping of Soybean-Maize on Soybean Growth, Yield, Quality and Nutrient Uptake Under Different Slopes in Nagaland
Authors: Manoj Dutta Vizokhonyu Yhome , Y. K. Sharma R. C. Nayak , Longkumer L. Tongpang
Published: March 2022

Field experiment was conducted in the experimental research farm of the School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development (SASRD), Medziphema Campus, Nagaland University during the kharif season of 2016 and 2017 to study the effect of slope and intercropping of Soybean-Maize on Soybean growth, yield and nutrient uptake under different slopes in Nagaland. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three replications in which the slope was considered as main plot and intercropping as sub-plot. Under the different cropping systems, sole crop performed better than other cropping systems in respect of growth and yield attributing characters. And on intercropping systems i.e., paired rows, soybean + maize (1:1) ratio performed significantly better in terms of yield. The data revealed that the pods/plant, filled pods/plant and seeds/pod were found to be highest in 0% slope (S1) which was followed by 9% slope (S2) and then 20% slope (S3). The quality of soybean in respect of oil and protein were found to be highest in 9% slope (S2) and 0% slope (S1). The highest N, P and K uptake of the crop were recorded in 0% slope (S2) and sole soybean (T2), whereas the lowest was in 20% slope (S3) and soybean + maize (1:2) [T6].
Evaluation of Morphological Changes in the River Bharathapuzha Using DEM Images
Authors: B. Vishnu Ardra Wilson
Published: March 2022

Rivers have been a subject of study by engineers and scientists who have been fascinated by their self-formed geometric shapes and their responses to changes in nature and human interference. Among various types of human interventions, indiscriminate extraction of sand and gravel is the most disastrous one, as it threatens the very existence of the riverine ecosystem. Bharatapuzha is a great victim of illegal sand mining. The mining activity is particularly very high in the stretch between Pattambi and Kuttippuram of Bharathapuzha river. The study was undertaken to assess the morphological changes utilising DEM imageries. The analysis and assessment of satellite imageries were carried out using the ArcGIS 10.3 software. The Elevation Profile add-in toolbar was utilised to create profile graphs by taking sections across the river course in ArcGIS and the morphological changes of the river were calculated by comparing the cross-section profiles for the time period 2000 to 2014. Profile graphs revealed an average change in river bed depth of 0.25 m and an average change of cross-sectional area of about 134.66 m2. The main cross-sectional changes in the river reach of Kuttippuram to Pattambi were channel deepening and channel widening.
Genetic Diversity of Chickpea Pod Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)
Authors: A. S. Vastrad G. Sai Karthik
Published: March 2022

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a polyphagous and cosmopolitan pest inflicting annual crop losses worth US $ 1 billion. Here, we aimed at studying the genetic diversity of pod borer using random primers. Thirteen random primers generated a total of total of 150 amplicons with an average of 11.53 bands per primer. There were a total of 138 polymorphic bands (average of 10.61 bands per primer) with polymorphism ranging from 66.6 to 100%. The similarity coefficient values ranged from 0.13 to 0.42. UPGMA based dendrogram revealed the presence of two principal clusters which were further subdivided into 12 sub-clusters. The most striking inference of our study was that larval populations collected in the presence of multiple hosts were hyper diverse forming a separate cluster clearly distinct from populations collected on sole chickpea.
Impact of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Irrigation Potential and Crop Productivity at Mandakhali Watershed, Maharashtra
Authors: M. R. More R. Ullewad
Published: March 2022

Impact Assessment of soil and water conservation (SWC) measures undertaken at Mandakhali watershed, Parbhani District, Maharashtra. It was carried out during 2017-18to study effect of SWC measures on irrigation potential and crop productivity. Different SWC measures undertaken at Mandakhali watershed were graded bunds, continuous contour trenches, cement nala bunds and farm ponds. Beneficiary farmer’s survey was conducted to study the effect of SWC measures on cropping pattern, crop productivity, irrigation facility and area under irrigation. Various SWC measures showed their positive effect on cropping pattern and crop productivity. The area under irrigation was found to be increased by 68.16 per cent after construction of SWC measures at watershed.
Assessment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Tomato
Authors: Sumit Patil Santosh Kumari
Published: March 2022

Tomato is an important plant grown in tropics as a perennial plant and in other areas mostly as annual plant. Tomato plant grows upto an height of 9 feet. The flowers are small, yellow and have five lobes on corolla. The fruit colour is green when unripe and red when it is fully ripe. Fruit is low in calorie and rich in vitamins and minerals. Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance were assessed in thirty five genotypes of tomato at Departmental Research Farm of Vegetable Science, UHF, Solan, HP during kharif season, 2016. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for all the characters under study. The PCV (Phenotypic coefficient of variation) and GCV (Genotypic coefficient of variation) were higher for fruits per cluster (49.66 % and 49.50 %), fruits per plant (46.28 % and 46.11 %), yield per plant (38.13 % and 38.04 %) and average fruit weight (30.39 % and 30.29 %). High GCV and PCV provide the possibility of improving and fixing the characters through selection breeding. High heritability along with high estimates of genetic gain were observed for number of fruits per cluster (99.33 % and 101.63 %), number of fruits per plant (99.28 % and 94.66 %), fruit yield per plant (99.52 % and 78.18 %) and average fruit weight (99.35% and 62.19 %). High heritability and genetic gain suggest the possibility of improvement of traits by means of selection due to existence of additive gene effect. Selection for these above characters will be fruitful in improving fruit yield in tomato.