bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elastic-plated gravity currents
Authors: HEWITT I. J. , BALMFORTH N. J. , DE BRUYN J. R.
Published: October 2014

We consider a nonlinear diffusion equation describing the planar spreading of a viscous fluid injected between an elastic sheet and an underlying rigid plane. The dynamics depends sensitively on the physical conditions at the contact line where the sheet is lifted off the plane by the fluid. We explore two possibilities for these conditions (or “regularisations”): a pre-wetted film and a constant-pressure fluid lag (a gas-filled gap between the fluid edge and the contact line). For both flat and inclined planes, we compare numerical and asymptotic solutions, identifying the distinct stages of evolution and the corresponding characteristic rates of spreading.
THE BIRTH OF UKRAINIAN “ACTIVE NATIONALISM”: DMYTRO DONTSOV AND HETERODOX MARXISM BEFORE WORLD WAR I, 1883–1914
Authors: ERLACHER TREVOR
Published: October 2014

During the 1920s, Ukrainian publicist Dmytro Dontsov (1883–1973) created “active nationalism,” a political doctrine that later became the ideology of the radical right-wing Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Yet, before World War I, Dontsov was a fervently internationalist social democrat. Much of his shift rightward occurred during the internecine fighting that beset Ukraine from 1914 to 1922, but he had already adumbrated key components of his mature, “integral nationalist” world view prior to this time, from a vantage point well within the mainstream of the day's social-democratic discourse. His incendiary brand of Ukrainian realpolitik used the language of an early twentieth-century Marxism that had become riddled with various “heterodoxies.” Anticipating a world conflict that would favor the Germans and dismantle the Russian Empire, Dontsov advocated a pro-“Western,” anti-“Muscovite” orientation for Ukrainians, and in 1913 spearheaded a controversial program for Ukraine's separation from Russia and integration into “Europe.”
REWORDING THE PAST: THE POSTWAR PUBLICATION OF A 1938 LECTURE BY MARTIN HEIDEGGER
Authors: KELLERER SIDONIE
Published: October 2014

In 1950 Martin Heidegger published his 1938 lecture “Die Zeit des Weltbildes” in the essay collectionHolzwege. He did so in order to document his “inner resistance” after the mid-1930s against the Nazi regime. This text has since been seen as evidence for Heidegger's early rejection of National Socialism and his refusal of a modern ideology that culminated in the totalitarian system. In spite of its influence, the published text has never been compared to the original lecture delivered in 1938. The assessment has now been made, and the differences between the two documents are a striking testimony to the artful falsifications that Heidegger used to re-establish his reputation and philosophical standing after the collapse of the Nazi system.
HISTORY PAINTING REDISTANCED: FROM BENJAMIN WEST TO DAVID WILKIE
Authors: PHILLIPS MARK SALBER
Published: October 2014

This essay extends my previous investigations of distance to a genre of art that took distance (or elevation) as its essential signature. In a landmark article Edgar Wind argued that Benjamin West created a “revolution in history painting” by substituting distance in time for distance in space. I argue that a wider and more plastic understanding of distance can help to guide our studies of historical representation, visual as well as verbal. Temporal distance, I suggest, is mediated by at least four basic modes of distance, which I identify as formal, affective, ideological, and conceptual. Understood in these terms, a heuristic of distance and redistancing provides grounds for analyzing the various schools and genres that make up the field of historical representation—neoclassical and nineteenth- century history painting among them.
The Impact of Persuasive Messages on IAT Performance is Moderated by Source Attractiveness and Likeability
Authors: Tucker Smith Colin , De Houwer Jan
Published: October 2014

In two studies, participants read persuasive messages introduced by an attractive (Study 1) or likeable (Study 2) source before completing measures of implicit and explicit evaluations. The persuasive messages were in favor of an unfamiliar brand of facial soap (Study 1) and the implementation of comprehensive examinations at the participants’ university (Study 2). Results showed that persuasive messages had a stronger impact on an Implicit Association Test when the source was high in attractiveness or likeability (Study 1 and Study 2); responses on an Affect Misattribution Procedure, though in the predicted direction, were not significantly impacted by a source high in likeability (Study 2). These findings parallel those of numerous studies that, however, have looked almost exclusively at persuasion of explicit evaluations. They confirm that implicit evaluations can be changed through direct persuasive appeals and provide new information about the conditions under which persuasion of implicit evaluations can be found.
Revisiting N2 fixation in Guerrero Negro intertidal microbial mats with a functional single-cell approach
Authors: Woebken Dagmar , Burow Luke C , Behnam Faris , Mayali Xavier , Schintlmeister Arno , Fleming Erich D , Prufert-Bebout Leslie , Singer Steven W , Cortés Alejandro López , Hoehler Tori M , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Spormann Alfred M , Wagner Michael , Weber Peter K , Bebout Brad M
Published: October 2014

Photosynthetic microbial mats are complex, stratified ecosystems in which high rates of primary production create a demand for nitrogen, met partially by N2 fixation. Dinitrogenase reductase (nifH) genes and transcripts from Cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria (for example, Deltaproteobacteria) were detected in these mats, yet their contribution to N2 fixation is poorly understood. We used a combined approach of manipulation experiments with inhibitors, nifH sequencing and single-cell isotope analysis to investigate the active diazotrophic community in intertidal microbial mats at Laguna Ojo de Liebre near Guerrero Negro, Mexico. Acetylene reduction assays with specific metabolic inhibitors suggested that both sulfate reducers and members of the Cyanobacteria contributed to N2 fixation, whereas 15N2 tracer experiments at the bulk level only supported a contribution of Cyanobacteria. Cyanobacterial and nifH Cluster III (including deltaproteobacterial sulfate reducers) sequences dominated the nifH gene pool, whereas the nifH transcript pool was dominated by sequences related to Lyngbya spp. Single-cell isotope analysis of 15N2-incubated mat samples via high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) revealed that Cyanobacteria were enriched in 15N, with the highest enrichment being detected in Lyngbya spp. filaments (on average 4.4 at% 15N), whereas the Deltaproteobacteria (identified by CARD-FISH) were not significantly enriched. We investigated the potential dilution effect from CARD-FISH on the isotopic composition and concluded that the dilution bias was not substantial enough to influence our conclusions. Our combined data provide evidence that members of the Cyanobacteria, especially Lyngbya spp., actively contributed to N2 fixation in the intertidal mats, whereas support for significant N2 fixation activity of the targeted deltaproteobacterial sulfate reducers could not be found.
Nanosecond light induced, thermally tunable transient dual absorption bands in a-Ge5As30Se65 thin film
Authors: Khan Pritam , Saxena Tarun , Jain H. , Adarsh K. V.
Published: October 2014

In this article, we report the first observation of nanosecond laser induced transient dual absorption bands, one in the bandgap (TA1) and another in the sub-bandgap (TA2) regions of a-Ge5As30Se65 thin films. Strikingly, these bands are thermally tunable and exhibit a unique contrasting characteristic: the magnitude of TA1 decreases while that of TA2 increases with increasing temperature. Further, the decay kinetics of these bands is strongly influenced by the temperature, which signifies a strong temperature dependent exciton recombination mechanism. The induced absorption shows quadratic and the decay time constant shows linear dependence on the laser beam fluence.
A G-quadruplex based platform for label-free monitoring of DNA reaction kinetics
Authors: Nie Ji , Cai Liang-Yuan , Zhang Fang-Ting , Zhao Ming-Zhe , Zhou Ying-Lin , Zhang Xin-Xiang
Published: October 2014

For the first time, a G-quadruplex based platform was established for the simple, label-free, rapid and high-throughput monitoring of DNA reaction kinetics.
Characterization of Cr(v)-induced genotoxicity using CdTe nanocrystals as fluorescent probes
Authors: Zhang Wen-Hao , Sui Chao-Xia , Wang Xie , Yin Gong-Ju , Liu Ying-Fan , Zhang Ding
Published: October 2014

A stepwise process of Cr(v)-induced DNA breakage incubated for different times under an inverted fluorescence microscope.
Characterization of the herb-derived components in rats following oral administration of Carthamus tinctorius extract by extracting diagnostic fragment ions (DFIs) in the MSn chromatograms
Authors: Chen Jin-Feng , Song Yue-Lin , Guo Xiao-Yu , Tu Peng-Fei , Jiang Yong
Published: October 2014

An E(DFI)MSnCs-based strategy was proposed to rapidly detect and identify the in vivo components derived from the extract of Carthamus tinctorius using LC-IT-TOF-MSn.
Simple fluorescence-based detection of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) using unmodified gold nanoparticles
Authors: M Elavarasi , Alex Sruthi Ann , Chandrasekaran N. , Mukherjee Amitava
Published: October 2014

A fluorescence-based method for the determination of both Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) using unmodified gold nanoparticles.
Rapid, on-site detection of residual explosives based on a lab-in-a-capillary and UV fiber sensor
Authors: Wang Ruliang , Yang Guang , Zhang Junqi , Li Qi , Fu Rongxin , Ye Jiancheng , Wang Tongzhou , Lu Ying , Zhou Hong , Huang Guoliang
Published: October 2014

An integrated portable system based on a lab-in-a-capillary and a UV (190–400 nm) reflected fiber sensor was demonstrated for on-site detection of trace amounts of explosives in a micro-nanoliter droplet.
Transparent and colourless room temperature ionic liquids having high refractive index over 1.60
Authors: Kayama Yoko , Ichikawa Takahiro , Ohno Hiroyuki
Published: October 2014

Transparent and colourless ionic liquids with refractive index over 1.60 were synthesised by combining 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium or hexyltriphenyl phosphonium cations with suitable anions. There is a positive relation between their refractive index values and Kamlet–Taft parameters, especially dipolarity/polarisability, strongly suggesting potential parameter to design highly refractive ionic liquids.
DNA cleavage by oxymyoglobin and cysteine-introduced metmyoglobin
Authors: Deshpande Megha Subhash , Junedi Sendy , Prakash Halan , Nagao Satoshi , Yamanaka Masaru , Hirota Shun
Published: October 2014

DNA was cleaved oxidatively by oxygenated myoglobin, whereas Lys96Cys metmyoglobin functioned as an artificial nuclease under air by formation of an oxygenated species.
Cytosine-bulge-dependent fluorescence quenching for the real-time hairpin primer PCR
Authors: Takei F. , Chen X. , Yu G. , Shibata T. , Dohno C. , Nakatani K.
Published: October 2014

PCR progress could be monitored upon increasing the fluorescence using ligand-anchored hairpin primer.
Extendable nickel complex tapes that reach NIR absorptions
Authors: Audi Hassib , Chen Zhongrui , Charaf-Eddin Azzam , D’Aléo Anthony , Canard Gabriel , Jacquemin Denis , Siri Olivier
Published: October 2014

Nickel complex oligomers with tunable length allow a fine control of the absorption bands from the UV to the NIR region.
Copper(i) 2-hydroxyethoxide-promoted cross-coupling of aryl- and alkenyldimethylsilanes with organic halides
Authors: Takeda Takeshi , Obata Ryosuke , Muramatsu Daisuke , Takeda Yuichiro , Tsubouchi Akira
Published: October 2014

The fluoride free cross-coupling between aryldimethylsilanes and organic halides proceeded in the presence of monocopper(i) alkoxide of ethylene glycol. The similar reaction of alkenyldimethylsilanes also took place with complete retention of configuration.
Molecular chemisorption on passivated and defective boron doped silicon surfaces: a “forced” dative bond
Authors: Boukari Khaoula , Duverger Eric , Sonnet Philippe
Published: October 2014

We investigate the adsorption mechanism of a single trans 4-pyridylazobenzene molecule on a doped boron surface with or without boron-defects, by means of density functional theory calculations.
Gibbs free energy of liquid water derived from infrared measurements
Authors: Bergonzi Isabelle , Mercury Lionel , Brubach Jean-Blaise , Roy Pascale
Published: October 2014

A completely new set of IR bands of liquid water from 4 cm−1 to 4000 cm−1 is studied from spectroscopic and thermodynamic viewpoints over a large thermal range, evidencing the so-called isosbestic points on the different absorption bands.
Effect of metal film thickness on Tamm plasmon-coupled emission
Authors: Chen Yikai , Zhang Douguo , Zhu Liangfu , Fu Qiang , Wang Ruxue , Wang Pei , Ming Hai , Badugu Ramachandram , Lakowicz Joseph R.
Published: October 2014

We calculated the angle-dependent reflectivity of a Tamm structure, which demonstrates the effect of Ag film thickness on the excitation of surface plasmons and Tamm plasmons.
Sustainable carbon materials
Authors: Titirici Maria-Magdalena , White Robin J. , Brun Nicolas , Budarin Vitaliy L. , Su Dang Sheng , del Monte Francisco , Clark James H. , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: October 2014

Carbon-based structures are the most versatile materials used in the modern nanotechnology. Therefore there is a need to develop increasingly more sustainable variants of carbon materials.
Mechanochemical preparation of advanced catalytically active bifunctional Pd-containing nanomaterials for aqueous phase hydrogenation
Authors: Al-Naji Majd , Balu Alina M. , Roibu Anca , Goepel Michael , Einicke Wolf-Dietrich , Luque Rafael , Gläser Roger
Published: October 2014

The preparation of supported Pd nanoparticles on porous materials was successfully achieved using a simple, fast and efficient reactive milling (mechanochemical) method. The catalytic activity of different Pd/Al-SBA-15 and Pd/Al-MCF materials was investigated in the hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) to p-aminophenol (PAP) using NaBH4 as a reducing agent.
Iron-catalyzed graphitization of biomass
Authors: Thompson E. , Danks A. E. , Bourgeois L. , Schnepp Z.
Published: October 2014

Nanostructured graphitic carbon with tunable mesoporosity is synthesized in one step from raw biomass.
MetDFBA: incorporating time-resolved metabolomics measurements into dynamic flux balance analysis
Authors: Willemsen A. Marcel , Hendrickx Diana M. , Hoefsloot Huub C. J. , Hendriks Margriet M. W. B. , Wahl S. Aljoscha , Teusink Bas , Smilde Age K. , van Kampen Antoine H. C.
Published: October 2014

This paper presents MetDFBA, a new approach incorporating experimental metabolomics time-series into constraint-based modeling. The method can be used for hypothesis testing and predicting dynamic flux profiles.
Atomistic mechanisms of codoping-induced p- to n-type conversion in nitrogen-doped graphene
Authors: Kim Hyo Seok , Kim Han Seul , Kim Seong Sik , Kim Yong-Hoon
Published: October 2014

It is predicted in this paper that p-type N-doped graphene with pyridinic, pyrrolic, and nitrilic N defects can be efficiently converted into n-type by B, Al, and P co-doping.
Nonvolatile optically-erased colloidal memristors
Authors: Huebner Christopher F. , Tsyalkovsky Volodymyr , Bandera Yuriy , Burdette Mary K. , Shetzline Jamie A. , Tonkin Charles , Creager Stephen E. , Foulger Stephen H.
Published: October 2014

A nonconjugated methacrylate terpolymer containing carbazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and Coumarin-6 moieties in the pendant groups was synthesized via free radical copolymerization of methacrylate monomers containing the functional groups.
1-Trifluoromethylated isoquinolines via radical trifluoromethylation of isonitriles
Authors: Zhang Bo , Studer Armido
Published: October 2014

A simple and efficient approach to biologically important 1-trifluoroalkylated isoquinolines starting with readily prepared β-aryl-α-isocyano-acrylates and Rf-I(iii)-reagents (Rf = CF3, C2F5, C3F7) is described.
Theoretical study of the inclusion complexation of TCDD with cucurbit[n]urils
Authors: Chen Shunwei , Han Zhe , Zhang Dongju , Zhan Jinhua
Published: October 2014

Cucurbit[n]urils as a host are indicated to be capable of including TCDD guest and the formed inclusion complexes can be detected using IR and Raman techniques.
The control of crystallographic texture in the use of magnesium as a resorbable biomaterial
Authors: Bahl Sumit , Suwas Satyam , Chatterjee Kaushik
Published: October 2014

Texture can be used as a tool to tailor material properties in use of magnesium as resorbable biomaterial for orthopedic and cardiovascular applications.
Engineered nanoporous gold microspheres for stochastic sensing
Authors: Stefan-van Staden Raluca-Ioana , Moldoveanu Iuliana , Surdu-Bob Carmen Cristina , Stanciu-Gavan Camelia
Published: October 2014

Engineered nanoporous gold microsphere-based stochastic sensors detect carcynoembrionic antigen at a concentration as low as 16 ng mL−1 in whole blood samples.
Design and synthesis of nitrogen-rich carbonaceous two-dimensional polymer
Authors: Liu Lei , Xia Yijie , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2014

Nitrogen-rich carbonaceous two-dimensional polymers were prepared through dynamic covalent chemistry under ionthermal conditions.
Mechanistic investigations reveal that dibromobimane extrudes sulfur from biological sulfhydryl sources other than hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Montoya Leticia A. , Shen Xinggui , McDermott James J. , Kevil Christopher G. , Pluth Michael D.
Published: October 2014

Dibromobimane detects sulfide levels as low as 0.6 pM, but reacts in unexpected ways with thiols, as evidenced by mechanistic investigations.
Ternary composites of delaminated-MnO2/PDDA/functionalized-CNOs for high-capacity supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Borgohain Rituraj , Selegue John P. , Cheng Y.-T.
Published: October 2014

Synthesis via sequential deposition of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA), delaminated-manganese oxide (MnO2) and functionalized carbon nano-onions (ONCNOs) produces high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.
Self-assembled targeting of cancer cells by iron(iii)-doped, silica nanoparticles
Authors: Mitchell K. K. Pohaku , Sandoval S. , Cortes-Mateos M. J. , Alfaro J. G. , Kummel A. C. , Trogler W. C.
Published: October 2014

Added holo-transferrin blocks uptake of iron-doped silica nanoparticles by breast cancer cells.
Multicompartment microfibers: fabrication and selective dissolution of composite droplet-in-fiber structures
Authors: Um Eujin , Nunes Janine K. , Pico Tamara , Stone Howard A.
Published: October 2014

We present multicompartment microfibers embedded with double-emulsion droplets, which have great potential for encapsulating various functional cargos.
Extremely stable-color flexible white organic light-emitting diodes with efficiency exceeding 100 lm W−1
Authors: Liu Baiquan , Wang Lei , Xu Miao , Tao Hong , Gao Dongyu , Zou Jianhua , Lan Linfeng , Ning Honglong , Peng Junbiao , Cao Yong
Published: October 2014

Flexible WOLEDs with extremely high efficiency and color-stability are realizedviathe extraordinary combination of mechanical, electrical and optical properties.
Metformin and respiratory chain complex I: the last piece of the puzzle?
Authors: Fontaine Eric
Published: October 2014

Metformin is the most widely prescribed drug used to treat patients affected by Type 2 diabetes. Metformin has also been shown to prevent some forms of cell death; however, evidence suggests that it may have anti-neoplastic properties. All of these effects have been attributed to complex I inhibition, but the mechanism by which metformin leads to complex I inhibition is not fully understood. Although it has been reported that the incubation of functionally isolated complex I in the presence of high concentrations of metformin led to its inhibition, much lower concentrations of metformin have been shown to inhibit complex I in intact cells. In a recent issue of the Biochemical Journal, Bridges, Jones, Pollak and Hirst [(2014) Biochem. J. 462, 475–487] studied for the first time the effect of metformin on purified complex I. They report that millimolar concentrations of metformin directly inhibit complex I activity in a non-competitive manner. They also specify that the binding of metformin to complex I depends on its conformation. To explain the difference in concentration required to inhibit complex I in intact cells and on isolated enzyme, Bridges et al. (2014) propose that metformin concentrates within mitochondria in intact cells. Albeit theoretically plausible, this attractive hypothesis is not directly tested by Bridges et al. (2014) Moreover, although sparse, the current literature does not support this hypothesis.
Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation depends on caveolin-1-regulated polyamine uptake
Authors: Grossi Mario , Rippe Catarina , Sathanoori Ramasri , Swärd Karl , Forte Amalia , Erlinge David , Persson Lo , Hellstrand Per , Nilsson Bengt-Olof
Published: October 2014

Much evidence highlights the importance of polyamines for VSMC (vascular smooth muscle cell) proliferation and migration. Cav-1 (caveolin-1) was recently reported to regulate polyamine uptake in intestinal epithelial cells. The aim of the present study was to assess the importance of Cav-1 for VSMC polyamine uptake and its impact on cell proliferation and migration. Cav-1 KO (knockout) mouse aortic cells showed increased polyamine uptake and elevated proliferation and migration compared with WT (wild-type) cells. Both Cav-1 KO and WT cells expressed the smooth muscle differentiation markers SM22 and calponin. Cell-cycle phase distribution analysis revealed a higher proportion of Cav-1 KO than WT cells in the S phase. Cav-1 KO cells were hyper-proliferative in the presence but not in the absence of extracellular polyamines, and, moreover, supplementation with exogenous polyamines promoted proliferation in Cav-1 KO but not in WT cells. Expression of the solute carrier transporters Slc7a1 and Slc43a1 was higher in Cav-1 KO than in WT cells. ODC (ornithine decarboxylase) protein and mRNA expression as well as ODC activity were similar in Cav-1 KO and WT cells showing unaltered synthesis of polyamines in Cav-1 KO cells. Cav-1 was reduced in migrating cells in vitro and in carotid lesions in vivo. Our data show that Cav-1 negatively regulates VSMC polyamine uptake and that the proliferative advantage of Cav-1 KO cells is critically dependent on polyamine uptake. We provide proof-of-principle for targeting Cav-1-regulated polyamine uptake as a strategy to fight unwanted VSMC proliferation as observed in restenosis.
Modified Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Radiculopathy following Healed Vertebral Collapse of the Middle-Lower Lumbar Spine
Authors: Yamashita Tomoya , Sakaura Hironobu , Miwa Toshitada , Ohwada Tetsuo
Published: October 2014

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Objectives

Lumbar radiculopathy is rarely observed in patients who have achieved bony healing of vertebral fractures in the middle-lower lumbar spine. The objectives of the study were to clarify the clinical features of such radiculopathy and to evaluate the preliminary outcomes of treatment using a modified posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) procedure.

Methods

Fourteen patients with at least 2-year follow-up were enrolled in this study. The radiologic and clinical features of radiculopathy were retrospectively reviewed. As part of our modified PLIF procedure, a bone block was laid on chipped bone to fill the cavity of the fractured end plate and to flatten the cage–bone interface.

Results

The morphologic features of spinal deformity in our patients typically consisted of the intradiscal vacuum phenomenon, spondylolisthesis, and a retropulsed intervertebral disk with a vertebral rim in the damaged segment. Cranial end plate fracture resulted in radiculopathy of the traversing nerve roots due to lateral recess stenosis. On the other hand, caudal end plate fracture led to unilateral radiculopathy of the exiting nerve root due to foraminal stenosis. The mean recovery rate based on the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was 65.0%. Solid fusion was achieved in all but one case.

Conclusions

Because of severe deterioration of the anterior column following end plate fracture, the foraminal zone must be decompressed in caudal end plate fractures. The modified PLIF procedure yielded satisfactory clinical outcomes due to anterior reconstruction and full decompression for both foraminal and lateral recess stenoses.
Intradural Neurocysticercosis of Lumbar Spine: A Case Report
Authors: Ganesan Sudhir , Acharya Shankar , Kalra K. L. , Chahal Rupinder
Published: October 2014

Study Design

Case report.

Objective

Cysticercosis (parasitic infection caused by Taenia solium) is the most common parasitic infection of the nervous system. However, spinal neurocysticercosis is rare. It can present as an extraspinal or intraspinal lesion, with intramedullary being the rarest location. The symptoms can vary from vague backache and radiculopathy to cauda equine syndrome.

Methods

We report a 32-year-old man who presented with neurocysticercosis in the lumbar spine and cauda equine syndrome. He had low backache for 1 month, hesitancy in micturition, and decreased perianal sensation for the previous 2 days. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intradural extramedullary lesion extending from L2–S1 that was hyperintense in T2- and hypointense in T1-weighted images.

Results

Because the patient presented with cauda equine syndrome, urgent decompressive laminectomy was done from L2–S1, and the thin-walled cysts with clear fluid were removed. Histopathologic examination confirmed neurocysticercosis. The perianal sensation and the bladder control recovered completely.

Conclusion

Neurocysticercosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with a similar picture, and urgent surgical decompression should be attempted to prevent further worsening of the neurologic symptoms.
Fixed Sagittal Plane Imbalance
Authors: Savage Jason W. , Patel Alpesh A.
Published: October 2014

Study Design

Literature review.

Objective

To discuss the evaluation and management of fixed sagittal plane imbalance.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review was performed on the preoperative evaluation of patients with sagittal plane malalignment, as well as the surgical strategies to address sagittal plane deformity.

Results

Sagittal plane imbalance is often caused by de novo scoliosis or iatrogenic flat back deformity. Understanding the etiology and magnitude of sagittal malalignment is crucial in realignment planning. Objective parameters have been developed to guide surgeons in determining how much correction is needed to achieve favorable outcomes. Currently, the goals of surgery are to restore a sagittal vertical axis < 5 cm, pelvic tilt < 20 degrees, and lumbar lordosis equal to pelvic incidence ± 9 degrees.

Conclusion

Sagittal plane malalignment is an increasingly recognized cause of pain and disability. Treatment of sagittal plane imbalance varies according to the etiology, location, and severity of the deformity. Fixed sagittal malalignment often requires complex reconstructive procedures that include osteotomy correction. Reestablishing harmonious spinopelvic alignment is associated with significant improvement in health-related quality-of-life outcome measures and patient satisfaction.
Is Polymethyl Methacrylate a Viable Option for Salvaging Lateral Mass Screw Failure in the Subaxial Cervical Spine?
Authors: Gallizzi Michael A. , Kuhns Craig A. , Jenkins Tyler J. , Pfeiffer Ferris M.
Published: October 2014

Study Design

Biomechanical analysis of lateral mass screw pullout strength.

Objective

We compare the pullout strength of our bone cement–revised lateral mass screw with the standard lateral mass screw.

Methods

In cadaveric cervical spines, we simulated lateral mass screw “cutouts” unilaterally from C3 to C7. We salvaged fixation in the cutout side with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or Cortoss cement (Orthovita, Malvern, Pennsylvania, United States), allowed the cement to harden, and then drilled and placed lateral mass screws back into the cement-augmented lateral masses. On the contralateral side, we placed standard lateral mass screws into the native, or normal lateral, masses and then compared pullout strength of the cement-augmented side to the standard lateral mass screw. For pullout testing, each augmentation group was fixed to a servohydraulic load frame and a specially designed pullout fixture was attached to each lateral mass screw head.

Results

Quick-mix PMMA-salvaged lateral mass screws required greater force to fail when compared with native lateral mass screws. Cortoss cement and PMMA standard-mix cement-augmented screws demonstrated less strength of fixation when compared with control-side lateral mass screws. Attempts at a second round of cement salvage of the same lateral masses led to more variations in load to failure, but quick-mix PMMA again demonstrated greater load to failure when compared with the nonaugmented control lateral mass screws.

Conclusion

Quick-mix PMMA cement revision equips the spinal surgeon with a much needed salvage option for a failed lateral mass screw in the subaxial cervical spine.
Quasi-static displacement calibration system for a “Violin-Mode” shadow-sensor intended for Gravitational Wave detector suspensions
Authors: Lockerbie N. A. , Tokmakov K. V.
Published: October 2014

This paper describes the design of, and results from, a calibration system for optical linear displacement (shadow) sensors. The shadow sensors were designed to detect “Violin-Mode” (VM) resonances in the 0.4 mm diameter silica fibre suspensions of the test masses/mirrors of Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory gravitational wave interferometers. Each sensor illuminated the fibre under test, so as to cast its narrow shadow onto a “synthesized split photodiode” detector, the shadow falling over adjacent edges of the paired photodiodes. The apparatus described here translated a vertically orientated silica test fibre horizontally through a collimated Near InfraRed illuminating beam, whilst simultaneously capturing the separate DC “shadow notch” outputs from each of the paired split photodiode detectors. As the ratio of AC to DC photocurrent sensitivities to displacement was known, a calibration of the DC response to quasi-static shadow displacement allowed the required AC sensitivity to vibrational displacement to be found. Special techniques are described for generating the required constant scan rate for the test fibre using a DC motor-driven stage, for removing “jitter” at such low translation rates from a linear magnetic encoder, and so for capturing the two shadow-notch signals at each micrometre of the test fibre's travel. Calibration, across the four detectors of this work, gave a vibrational responsivity in voltage terms of (9.45 ± 1.20) MV (rms)/m, yielding a VM displacement sensitivity of (69 ± 13) pm (rms)/√Hz, at 500 Hz, over the required measuring span of ±0.1 mm.
Sum-frequency generation echo and grating from interface
Authors: Volkov Victor
Published: October 2014

The work addresses spectroscopy of fourth-order Sum Frequency Generation Echo and Grating responses as an experimental tool to study structure and dynamics at interfaces. First, it addresses experimental geometry to extract background-free fourth-order Echo and Grating responses. Further, the article provides the analytical expressions of the response functions for these nonlinearities. The derived expressions are used to model the χ(4) two-dimensional spectral responses of a hydrated methyl acetate, which resembles a hydrated carbonyl moiety at the polar outer side of a phospholipid membrane. Orientation, transition dipole moments, and Raman tensors are obtained from the results of classical and quantum calculations, respectively. The numerical studies for the nonlinear responses under different polarization schemes and timings suggest the possibility of securely factoring of spectral contributions of χYYYZX and χYYYZY macroscopic susceptibilities. As such, the nonlinearities provide an experimental perspective on orientation of a generic (low-symmetry) molecular system at interfaces. Besides, the spectral properties of the tensors may reflect correlations of the in-plane and out-of-plane field components specific to the interface. For the case of a phospholipid membrane, the experiment would address in-plane and out-of-plane anisotropy of hydrogen bonding and related dynamics.
Influence of Sb incorporation on InGaAs(Sb)N/GaAs band alignment
Authors: Chang A. S. , Zech E. S. , Kim T. W. , Lin Y. H. , Mawst L. J. , Goldman R. S.
Published: October 2014

We have investigated the influence of Sb incorporation on the effective band gaps and band offsets at InGaAs(Sb)N/GaAs interfaces grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy reveal 1.2 eV (1.1 eV) effective band gaps of InGaAs(Sb)N alloys. At the InGaAsN/GaAs (InGaAsSbN/GaAs) interfaces, type II (type I) band offsets are observed. We discuss the relative influences of strain-induced splitting of the valence band and the incorporation of Sb on the band gaps and band offsets at InGaAsN/GaAs and InGaAsSbN/GaAs interfaces.
Near-surface depletion of antimony during the growth of GaAsSb and GaAs/GaAsSb nanowires
Authors: Kauko H. , Fimland B. O. , Grieb T. , Munshi A. M. , Müller K. , Rosenauer A. , van Helvoort A. T. J.
Published: October 2014

The near-surface reduction of the Sb mole fraction during the growth of GaAsSb nanowires (NWs) and GaAs NWs with GaAsSb inserts has been studied using quantitative high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). A model for diffusion of Sb in the hexagonal NWs was developed and employed in combination with the quantitative STEM analysis. GaAsSb NWs grown by Ga-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and GaAs/GaAsSb NWs grown by Ga- and Au-assisted MBE were investigated. At the high temperatures employed in the NW growth, As-Sb exchange at and outward diffusion of Sb towards the surface take place, resulting in reduction of the Sb concentration at and near the surface in the GaAsSb NWs and the GaAsSb inserts. In GaAsSb NWs, an increasing near-surface depletion of Sb was observed towards the bottom of the NW due to longer exposure to the As beam flux. In GaAsSb inserts, an increasing change in the Sb concentration profile was observed with increasing post-insert axial GaAs growth time, resulting from a combined effect of radial GaAs overgrowth and diffusion of Sb. The effect of growth temperature on the diffusion of Sb in the GaAsSb inserts was identified. The consequences of these findings for growth optimization and the optoelectronic properties of GaAsSb are discussed.
Torsional energy levels of CH3OH+/CH3OD+/CD3OD+ studied by zero-kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations
Authors: Dai Zuyang , Gao Shuming , Wang Jia , Mo Yuxiang
Published: October 2014

The torsional energy levels of CH3OH+, CH3OD+, and CD3OD+ have been determined for the first time using one-photon zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy. The adiabatic ionization energies for CH3OH, CH3OD, and CD3OD are determined as 10.8396, 10.8455, and 10.8732 eV with uncertainties of 0.0005 eV, respectively. Theoretical calculations have also been performed to obtain the torsional energy levels for the three isotopologues using a one-dimensional model with approximate zero-point energy corrections of the torsional potential energy curves. The calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental data. The barrier height of the torsional potential energy without zero-point energy correction was calculated as 157 cm−1, which is about half of that of the neutral (340 cm−1). The calculations showed that the cation has eclipsed conformation at the energy minimum and staggered one at the saddle point, which is the opposite of what is observed in the neutral molecule. The fundamental C–O stretch vibrational energy level for CD3OD+ has also been determined. The energy levels for the combinational excitation of the torsional vibration and the fundamental C–O stretch vibration indicate a strong torsion-vibration coupling.
Rotationally resolved state-to-state photoionization and photoelectron study of titanium carbide and its cation (TiC/TiC+)
Authors: Luo Zhihong , Huang Huang , Chang Yih-Chung , Zhang Zheng , Yin Qing-Zhu , Ng C. Y.
Published: October 2014

Titanium carbide and its cation (TiC/TiC+) have been investigated by the two-color visible (VIS)-ultraviolet (UV) resonance-enhanced photoionization and pulsed field ionization-photoelectron (PFI-PE) methods. Two visible excitation bands for neutral TiC are observed at 16 446 and 16 930 cm−1. Based on rotational analyses, these bands are assigned as the respective TiC(3Π1) ← TiC(X3Σ+) and TiC(3Σ+) ← TiC(X3Σ+) transition bands. This assignment supports that the electronic configuration and term symmetry for the neutral TiC ground state are …7σ28σ19σ13π4 (X3Σ+). The rotational constant and the corresponding bond distance of TiC(X3Σ+; v″ = 0) are determined to be B0″ = 0.6112(10) cm−1 and r0″ = 1.695(2) Å, respectively. The rotational analyses of the VIS-UV-PFI-PE spectra for the TiC+(X; v+ = 0 and 1) vibrational bands show that the electronic configuration and term symmetry for the ionic TiC+ ground state are …7σ28σ13π4 (X2Σ+) with the v+ = 0 → 1 vibrational spacing of 870.0(8) cm−1 and the rotational constants of Be+ = 0.6322(28) cm−1, and αe+ = 0.0085(28) cm−1. The latter rotational constants yield the equilibrium bond distance of re+ = 1.667(4) Å for TiC+(X2Σ+). The cleanly rotationally resolved VIS-UV-PFI-PE spectra have also provided a highly precise value of 53 200.2(8) cm−1 [6.5960(1) eV] for the adiabatic ionization energy (IE) of TiC. This IE(TiC) value along with the known IE(Ti) has made possible the determination of the difference between the 0 K bond dissociation energy (D0) of TiC+(X2Σ+) and that of TiC(X3Σ+) to be D0(Ti+−C) − D0(Ti−C) = 0.2322(2) eV. Similar to previous experimental observations, the present state-to-state PFI-PE study of the photoionization transitions, TiC+(X2Σ+; v+ = 0 and 1, N+) ← TiC(3Π1; v′, J′), reveals a strong decreasing trend for the photoionization cross section as |ΔN+| = |N+ – J′| is increased. The maximum |ΔN+| change of 7 observed here is also consistent with the previous experimental results for the 3d transition-metal carbides, oxides, and nitrides. However, the VIS-UV-PFI-PE spectra for TiC+(X2Σ+; v+ = 0 and 1, N+) are found to display only the negative ΔN+ (N+–J′≤ 0) transitions, indicating that the cross sections for the formation of positive ΔN+ (N+–J′ > 0) transitions by both the channel coupling mechanism and direct photoionization are negligibly small.
Ab initio metadynamics simulations of oxygen/ligand interactions in organoaluminum clusters
Authors: Alnemrat Sufian , Hooper Joseph P.
Published: October 2014

Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics combined with a metadynamics algorithm is used to study the initial interaction of O2 with the low-valence organoaluminum clusters Al4Cp4 (Cp=C5H5) and Al4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\rm Cp}_4^*$\end{document} Cp 4* (Cp*=C5[CH3]5). Prior to reaction with the aluminum core, simulations suggest that the oxygen undergoes a hindered crossing of the steric barrier presented by the outer ligand monolayer. A combination of two collective variables based on aluminum/oxygen distance and lateral oxygen displacement was found to produce distinct reactant, product, and transition states for this process. In the methylated cluster with Cp* ligands, a broad transition state of 45 kJ/mol was observed due to direct steric interactions with the ligand groups and considerable oxygen reorientation. In the non-methylated cluster the ligands distort away from the oxidizer, resulting in a barrier of roughly 34 kJ/mol with minimal O2 reorientation. A study of the oxygen/cluster system fixed in a triplet multiplicity suggests that the spin state does not affect the initial steric interaction with the ligands. The metadynamics approach appears to be a promising means of analyzing the initial steps of such oxidation reactions for ligand-protected clusters.
System for time-discretized vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy of spark breakdown in air
Authors: Ryberg D. , Fierro A. , Dickens J. , Neuber A.
Published: October 2014

A system for time-discretized spectroscopic measurements of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission from spark discharges in the 60-160 nm range has been developed for the study of early plasma-forming phenomena. The system induces a spark discharge in an environment close to atmospheric conditions created using a high speed puff value, but is otherwise kept at high vacuum to allow for the propagation of VUV light. Using a vertical slit placed 1.5 mm from the discharge the emission from a small cross section of the discharge is allowed to pass into the selection chamber consisting of a spherical grating, with 1200 grooves/mm, and an exit slit set to 100 μm. Following the exit slit is a photomultiplier tube with a sodium salicylate scintillator that is used for the time discretized measurement of the VUV signal with a temporal resolution limit of 10 ns. Results from discharges studied in dry air, Nitrogen, SF6, and Argon indicate the emission of light with wavelengths shorter than 120 nm where the photon energy begins to approach the regime of direct photoionization.
Dielectrophoretic discrimination of cancer cells on a microchip
Authors: Huang Chengjun , Liu Chengxun , Minne Bart , Ramirez Hernandez Juan Enrique , Stakenborg Tim , Lagae Liesbet
Published: October 2014

The analysis of single cell type typically requires expensive equipments in combination with labeling techniques. As a label-free alternative, in this letter, the characteristic dielectric properties of various cancer cell lines (MCF-7, SKOV-3, MDA-MB-231, and LnCap) and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells were examined and compared using the dielectrophoretic (DEP) crossover frequency technique. We found that each type of the cancer cells shows a distinct DEP crossover frequency with an order of SKOV-3, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and LnCap from low to high frequency, from which the specific cell membrane capacitance and membrane conductance could be derived. Cell fixation and antibody coupling were found to have minimal or no effects on the cell dielectric properties while cell permeabilization significantly changed the DEP crossover frequency. These findings suggested that the DEP crossover frequency is promising to be used as a “dielectric finger print” to discriminate different cell types and may even enable the specific manipulation of certain cell types, for example, to isolate cancer cells from blood.
Sub-wavelength waveguide loaded by a complementary electric metamaterial for vacuum electron devices
Authors: Duan Zhaoyun , Hummelt Jason S. , Shapiro Michael A. , Temkin Richard J.
Published: October 2014

We report the electromagnetic properties of a waveguide loaded by complementary electric split ring resonators (CeSRRs) and the application of the waveguide in vacuum electronics. The S-parameters of the CeSRRs in free space are calculated using the HFSS code and are used to retrieve the effective permittivity and permeability in an effective medium theory. The dispersion relation of a waveguide loaded with the CeSRRs is calculated by two approaches: by direct calculation with HFSS and by calculation with the effective medium theory; the results are in good agreement. An improved agreement is obtained using a fitting procedure for the permittivity tensor in the effective medium theory. The gain of a backward wave mode of the CeSRR-loaded waveguide interacting with an electron beam is calculated by two methods: by using the HFSS model and traveling wave tube theory; and by using a dispersion relation derived in the effective medium model. Results of the two methods are in very good agreement. The proposed all-metal structure may be useful in miniaturized vacuum electron devices.
Crystal orientation effects on helium ion depth distributions and adatom formation processes in plasma-facing tungsten
Authors: Hammond Karl D. , Wirth Brian D.
Published: October 2014

We present atomistic simulations that show the effect of surface orientation on helium depth distributions and surface feature formation as a result of low-energy helium plasma exposure. We find a pronounced effect of surface orientation on the initial depth of implanted helium ions, as well as a difference in reflection and helium retention across different surface orientations. Our results indicate that single helium interstitials are sufficient to induce the formation of adatom/substitutional helium pairs under certain highly corrugated tungsten surfaces, such as {1 1 1}-orientations, leading to the formation of a relatively concentrated layer of immobile helium immediately below the surface. The energies involved for helium-induced adatom formation on {1 1 1} and {2 1 1} surfaces are exoergic for even a single adatom very close to the surface, while {0 0 1} and {0 1 1} surfaces require two or even three helium atoms in a cluster before a substitutional helium cluster and adatom will form with reasonable probability. This phenomenon results in much higher initial helium retention during helium plasma exposure to {1 1 1} and {2 1 1} tungsten surfaces than is observed for {0 0 1} or {0 1 1} surfaces and is much higher than can be attributed to differences in the initial depth distributions alone. The layer thus formed may serve as nucleation sites for further bubble formation and growth or as a source of material embrittlement or fatigue, which may have implications for the formation of tungsten “fuzz” in plasma-facing divertors for magnetic-confinement nuclear fusion reactors and/or the lifetime of such divertors.
Tuning the Curie temperature of L1 ordered FePt thin films through site-specific substitution of Rh
Authors: Xu Dongbin , Sun Cheng-Jun , Chen Jing-Sheng , Zhou Tie-Jun , Heald Steve M. , Bergman Anders , Sanyal Biplab , Chow Gan Moog
Published: October 2014

In structurally ordered magnetic thin films, the Curie temperature (TC) of ferromagnetic films depends on the exchange integral of the short range ordered neighboring atoms. The exchange integral may be adjusted by controlling the elemental substitutional concentration at the lattice site of interest. We show how to control the TC in high anisotropy L10 Fe50Pt50 magnetic thin films by substituting Rh into the Pt site. Rh substitution in L10 FePt modified the local atomic environment and the corresponding electronic properties, while retaining the ordered L10 phase. The analysis of extended x-ray Absorption Fine Structure spectra shows that Rh uniformly substitutes for Pt in L10 FePt. A model of antiferromagnetic defects caused by controlled Rh substitution of the Pt site, reducing the TC, is proposed to interpret this phenomenon and its validity is further examined by ab initio density functional calculations.