bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interstitial Occupancy by Extrinsic Alkali Cations in Perovskites and Its Impact on Ion Migration
Authors: Cao Jie , Tao Shu Xia , Bobbert Peter A. , Wong Ching‐Ping , Zhao Ni
Published: May 2018

Recent success in achieving highly stable Rb‐containing organolead halide perovskites has indicated the possibility of incorporating small monovalent cations, which cannot fit in the lead‐halide cage with an appropriate tolerance factor, into the perovskite lattice while maintaining a pure stable “black” phase. In this study, through a combined experimental and theoretical investigation by density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the incorporation of extrinsic alkali cations (Rb+, K+, Na+, and Li+) in perovskite materials, the size‐dependent interstitial occupancy of these cations in the perovskite lattice is unambiguously revealed. Interestingly, DFT calculations predict the increased ion migration barriers in the lattice after the interstitial occupancy. To verify this prediction, ion migration behavior is characterized through hysteresis analysis of solar cells, electrical poling, temperature‐dependent conductivity, and time‐dependent photoluminescence measurements. The results collectively point to the suppression of ion migration after lattice interstitial occupancy by extrinsic alkali cations. The findings of this study provide new material design principles to manipulate the structural and ionic properties of multication perovskite materials.
Materials, Processes, and Facile Manufacturing for Bioresorbable Electronics: A Review
Authors: Yu Xiaowei , Shou Wan , Mahajan Bikram K. , Huang Xian , Pan Heng
Published: May 2018

Bioresorbable electronics refer to a new class of advanced electronics that can completely dissolve or disintegrate with environmentally and biologically benign byproducts in water and biofluids. They have provided a solution to the growing electronic waste problem with applications in temporary usage of electronics such as implantable devices and environmental sensors. Bioresorbable materials such as biodegradable polymers, dissolvable conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics are extensively studied, enabling massive progress of bioresorbable electronic devices. Processing and patterning of these materials are predominantly relying on vacuum‐based fabrication methods so far. However, for the purpose of commercialization, nonvacuum, low‐cost, and facile manufacturing/printing approaches are the need of the hour. Bioresorbable electronic materials are generally more chemically reactive than conventional electronic materials, which require particular attention in developing the low‐cost manufacturing processes in ambient environment. This review focuses on material reactivity, ink availability, printability, and process compatibility for facile manufacturing of bioresorbable electronics.
Microfluidics‐Enabled Multimaterial Maskless Stereolithographic Bioprinting
Authors: Miri Amir K. , Nieto Daniel , Iglesias Luis , Goodarzi Hosseinabadi Hossein , Maharjan Sushila , Ruiz‐Esparza Guillermo U. , Khoshakhlagh Parastoo , Manbachi Amir , Dokmeci Mehmet Remzi , Chen Shaochen , Shin Su Ryon , Zhang Yu Shrike , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: May 2018

A stereolithography‐based bioprinting platform for multimaterial fabrication of heterogeneous hydrogel constructs is presented. Dynamic patterning by a digital micromirror device, synchronized by a moving stage and a microfluidic device containing four on/off pneumatic valves, is used to create 3D constructs. The novel microfluidic device is capable of fast switching between different (cell‐loaded) hydrogel bioinks, to achieve layer‐by‐layer multimaterial bioprinting. Compared to conventional stereolithography‐based bioprinters, the system provides the unique advantage of multimaterial fabrication capability at high spatial resolution. To demonstrate the multimaterial capacity of this system, a variety of hydrogel constructs are generated, including those based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA). The biocompatibility of this system is validated by introducing cell‐laden GelMA into the microfluidic device and fabricating cellularized constructs. A pattern of a PEGDA frame and three different concentrations of GelMA, loaded with vascular endothelial growth factor, are further assessed for its neovascularization potential in a rat model. The proposed system provides a robust platform for bioprinting of high‐fidelity multimaterial microstructures on demand for applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biosensing, which are otherwise not readily achievable at high speed with conventional stereolithographic biofabrication platforms.
Synthesis of β‐Trifluoromethylated Alkyl Azides via a Manganese‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylazidation of Alkenes with CF3SO2Na and TMSN3
Authors: Zhang Yuecheng , Han Xulin , Zhao Jiquan , Qian Zijian , Li Tianmei , Tang Yuqing , Zhang Hong‐Yu
Published: May 2018

A convenient and efficient manganese‐catalyzed trifluoromethylazidation of alkenes has been developed by utilizing inexpensive and readily available CF3SO2Na under mild conditions. The various β‐trifluoromethylated alkyl azides were directly obtained from corresponding allyl, vinyl, chain terminal and internal alkenes, and easily further transformed into other CF3‐containing compounds.

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KIF16B is a candidate gene for a novel autosomal‐recessive intellectual disability syndrome
Authors: Alsahli Saud , Arold Stefan T. , Alfares Ahmed , Alhaddad Bader , Al Balwi Mohammed , Kamsteeg Erik‐Jan , Al‐Twaijri Waleed , Alfadhel Majid
Published: May 2018

Intellectual disability (ID) and global developmental delay are closely related; the latter is reserved for children under the age of 5 years as it is challenging to reliably assess clinical severity in this population. ID is a common condition, with up to 1%–3% of the population being affected and leading to a huge social and economic impact. ID is attributed to genetic abnormalities most of the time; however, the exact role of genetic involvement in ID is yet to be determined. Whole exome sequencing (WES) has gained popularity in the workup for ID, and multiple studies have been published examining the diagnostic yield in identification of the disease‐causing variant (16%–55%), with the genetic involvement increasing as intelligence quotient decreases. WES has also accelerated novel disease gene discovery in this field. We identified a novel biallelic variant in the KIF16B gene (NM_024704.4:c.3611T > G) in two brothers that may be the cause of their phenotype.
One‐step Synthesis and Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Polymer–Quantum Dot Composite Films
Authors: Shi Wei , Qu Sanyin , Chen Hongyi , Chen Yanling , Yao Qin , Chen Lidong
Published: May 2018

Conventional syntheses of polymer–inorganic composite thermoelectric materials suffer major problems such as inhomogeneity, large particle size, and oxidation that result in ineffective loading. Now a one‐step synthesis can be used to fabricate high‐quality small‐sized anions codoped poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):dodecylbenzenesulfonate/Cl‐tellurium (PEDOT:DBSA/Cl‐Te) composite films using a series of novel TeIV‐based oxidants. The synchronized production of PEDOT and Te results in thick and homogeneous films containing evenly distributed and well‐protected Te quantum dots. Owing to the heavily doped crystalline polymer matrix as well as the <5 nm unoxidized Te quantum dot loading, at low Te concentrations as 2.1–5.8 wt %, the films exhibits high power factors of about 100 μW m−1 K−2, which is 50 % higher compared to a pure PEDOT:DBSA film.
Evolution of the Optical Gap in the Acene Series: Undecacene
Authors: Shen Bin , Tatchen Jörg , Sanchez‐Garcia Elsa , Bettinger Holger F.
Published: May 2018

Undecacene, the largest member of the acene family, was photogenerated in a polymer matrix under cryogenic conditions from a precursor with two α‐diketone bridges. The electronic absorption of undecacene extends into the NIR region, but the spectrum is dominated by two strong absorptions in the UV/Vis range. The HOMO–LUMO transition is continuously shifted to lower energies as the number of rings of the acene increases (E vs. 1/N, N=number of rings), which is in line with the strong electron correlation calculated by DFT/MRCI.
Acylstannanes: Cleavable and Highly Reactive Photoinitiators for Radical Photopolymerization at Wavelengths above 500 nm with Excellent Photobleaching Behavior
Authors: Mitterbauer Moritz , Knaack Patrick , Naumov Sergej , Markovic Marica , Ovsianikov Alexandr , Moszner Norbert , Liska Robert
Published: May 2018

Within this work, a novel acylstannane‐based photoinitiator (PI) is presented. Tetrakis(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)stannane (1) displays outstanding properties compared to state‐of‐the‐art acylgermane‐based initiators. Most importantly, the initiator shows absorption up to 550 nm, which allows higher penetration depths, especially in highly filled photopolymers. Besides that, 1 shows extremely high photoinitiating activity towards (meth)acrylic double bonds, as well as very fast photobleaching. Furthermore, unlike many organotin compounds, 1 shows surprisingly low cytotoxicity.
Manipulating Metal‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer for Materials with Switchable Functionality
Authors: Meng Yin‐Shan , Sato Osamu , Liu Tao
Published: May 2018

Metal‐to‐metal charge transfer (MMCT) describes electron transfer between metal ions, to generate valence isomers with markedly different electronic configurations. In particular, MMCT changes the spin states of single‐metal sites and the coupling interactions between them, while also changing the symmetry in charge distribution. The result is a drastic change in both magnetic and electric properties of the affected material. Moreover, MMCT causes significant variation in bond length and absorption spectra, and induces unusual thermal expansion and photochromic behavior. Thus, materials demonstrating MMCT in response to external stimuli are excellent candidates for switchable multifunctional devices with synergistic responses. In this Minireview, recent progress in utilizing MMCT units as actuators to tune magnetic, electric, thermal expansion, and photochromic properties in cyanide‐bridged systems is highlighted, and emphasis is given to the remaining challenges and future perspectives in the field.
Composition and Phosphorous Profile of High‐Protein Rice Flour and Broken Rice, and Effects of Further Dry and Wet Processing
Authors: Liu Keshun
Published: May 2018

High‐protein rice flour (HPRF), a coproduct of enzymatic processing for rice syrup production, and broken rice (feedstock) were collected from a commercial source and characterized for chemical composition and phosphorus (P) profile. The effects of dry fractionation, wet extraction/leaching, and particle size reduction on protein enrichment and phytate removal were also investigated. The HPRF contained 68.72, 7.54, 3.66, 8.27, and 11.56 (% dry matter) of protein, oil, ash, residual starch, and other carbohydrates, respectively, equivalent to 90% starch reduction and more than sevenfold increase in protein, oil, and ash over broken rice. Sieving or particle size reduction followed by sieving caused about 5% increase in the protein content. Protein extractability from HPRF was very low over a wide pH range regardless of sample particle sizes, indicating total protein denaturation by the commercial process, but leaching HPRF in an aqueous medium or aqueous ethanol enriched its protein by 10%. HPRF contained 4.41, 0.27, 3.00, and 7.68 (mg g−1 dry matter) of phytate P, inorganic P, rest of P and total P, respectively, representing 7.0‐, 2.7‐, 5.2‐, and 5.9‐fold increase, respectively, over the four types of P found in broken rice. High phytate P in HPRF raises environmental concerns, since excess P excretion into manures is expected when fed to animals. About 15% phytate could be removed by leaching HPRF in an aqueous medium having a mild acidic to mild alkaline pH, but not with aqueous alcohol.
Low‐copy nuclear markers in Isoëtes (Isoëtaceae) identified with transcriptomes
Authors: Schafran Peter W. , Johnson Gabriel , Taylor W. Carl , Zimmer Elizabeth A. , Musselman Lytton J.
Published: May 2018

Premise of the Study

Few genetic markers provide phylogenetic information in closely related species of Isoëtes (Isoëtaceae). We describe the development of primers for several putative low‐copy nuclear markers to resolve the phylogeny of Isoëtes, particularly in the southeastern United States.

Methods and Results

We identified regions of interest in Isoëtes transcriptomes based on low‐copy genes in other plants. Primers were designed for these regions and tested with 16 taxa of Isoëtes and one species of Lycopodium. Parts of the pgiC, gapC, and IBR3 gene regions show phylogenetic signal within the North American and Mediterranean clades of Isoëtes.

Conclusions

Transcriptome data prove useful for identification and primer design of low‐copy genes. Three new markers show potential for inferring phylogenies in regional clades of Isoëtes, and possibly across the entire genus.
Validation of at least 1 mm as cut-off for resection margins for pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the body and tail
Authors: Hank T , Hinz U , Tarantino I , Kaiser J , Niesen W , Bergmann F , Hackert T , Büchler M W , Strobel O
Published: May 2018

Background

The definition of resection margin (R) status in pancreatic cancer is under debate. Although a margin of at least 1 mm is an independent predictor of survival after resection for pancreatic head cancer, its relevance to pancreatic body and tail cancers remains unclear. This study aimed to validate R status based on a 1-mm tumour-free margin as a prognostic factor for resected adenocarcinoma involving the pancreatic body and tail.

Methods

Patients who underwent distal or total pancreatectomy for adenocarcinomas of the pancreatic body and tail between January 2006 and December 2014 were identified from a prospective database. Resection margins were evaluated using a predefined cut-off of 1 mm. Rates of R0, R1 with invasion within 1 mm of the margin (R1 less than 1 mm), and R1 with direct invasion of the resection margin (R1 direct) were determined, and overall survival in each group assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of survival.

Results

R0 resection was achieved in 107 (23·5 per cent) and R1 in 348 (76·5 per cent) of 455 patients. Among R1 resections, invasion within 1 mm of the margin was found in 104 (22·9 per cent) and direct invasion in 244 (53·6 per cent). The R0 rate was 28·9 per cent after distal and 18·6 per cent after total pancreatectomy. In the total cohort, median survival times for patients with R0, R1 (less than 1 mm) and R1 (direct) status were 62·4, 24·6 and 17·2 months respectively, with 5-year survival rates of 52·6, 16·8 and 13·0 per cent (P < 0·001). In patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy, respective median survival times were 68·6, 32·8 and 21·4 months, with 5-year survival rates of 56, 22 and 16·0 per cent (P < 0·001). In multivariable analysis, R status was independently associated with survival.

Conclusion

A cut-off of at least 1 mm for evaluation of resection margins is an independent determinant of survival after resection of adenocarcinomas of the pancreatic body and tail.
How risk information and stakeholder‐participation affect the sustainability of collaborative decisions: A case study on how the sustainability of stakeholder decisions is affected by different levels of stakeholder participation in preparing risk information
Authors: Saravanamuthu Kala
Published: May 2018

Participatory approaches are the preferred means of assessing environmental damage attributed to the pursuit of profit through the unsustainable deployment of technology. This paper examines how nonprobabilistic risk information, and stakeholder participation in preparing and evaluating this information, influences the formulation of socially acceptable safety thresholds aimed at regulating the unsustainable use of technologies. It concludes that participatory risk platforms, which integrate experts' technical and other stakeholders' social values into safety thresholds, better reflect technological harm despite its characteristic complex causality, inherent uncertainty and diffused responsibility. Further, the multifold consequences of active and genuine stakeholder involvement in constructing risk information—namely, social learning, confidence and trust in regulatory systems—are important for engendering sustainable behaviors at the psycho‐cognitive level. Stakeholders acquire capacities for social learning, which increases the chances of competing interests becoming open to other perspectives and the needs of the ecosystem, while generating confidence and trust in the risk‐construction process.
Risk of injury to the sural nerve during posterolateral approach to the distal tibia: An ultrasound simulation study
Authors: Mizia Ewa , Pękala Przemysław A. , Chomicki‐Bindas Piotr , Marchewka Wojciech , Loukas Marios , Zayachkowski Alexander G. , Tomaszewski Krzysztof A.
Published: May 2018

When surgeons operate on the foot and ankle, the most common complication that may arise is injury of the cutaneous nerves. The sural nerve (SN) is potentially at risk of being injured when treating fractures involving the distal tibia using the posterolateral approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate how differences in length and position of the surgical treatment of fractures involving the distal tibia can affect the risk of SN injury. The study involved 40 healthy volunteers (n = 80 lower limbs). Ultrasound simulation of each potential surgical incision site was used to locate the SN and to assess the risk of injury. The study showed that the SN predominantly travels more posteriorly at levels more proximal from the tip of the lateral malleolus. At these more proximal points of the SN's course, it was proven that there was an overall increased incidence of iatrogenic injury to the SN in incisions made closer to the Achilles tendon. Based on these results, a quasi 3 dimensional figure was created showing the anatomical structures of this region to identify areas at high risk for SN injury. By revealing how length and position of the surgical incision can influence the risk of SN injury, we hope to provide information to surgeons on the optimal technique to avoid iatrogenic SN injury while operating on the distal tibia via a posterolateral approach. Clin. Anat. 31:870–877, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Blind” pericardiocentesis: A comparison of different puncture directions
Authors: Petri Nils , Ertel Babett , Gassenmaier Tobias , Lengenfelder Björn , Bley Thorsten A. , Voelker Wolfram
Published: May 2018

Background

“Blind” pericardiocentesis is the standard procedure for emergency pericardial drainage when ultrasound guidance is unavailable. Under these circumstances, puncture site and needle direction are exclusively oriented according to certain anatomic landmarks. In the literature, different techniques for this “blind” method have been described. Goal of this retrospective study was to compare the potential success and complication rate of 13 simulated puncture directions.

Methods

Simulated pericardiocentesis was performed in 150 CT scans from patients with moderate to severe pericardial effusions (greater than 1 cm distance between epicardium and pericardium). Thirteen different puncture techniques with varying puncture sites, direction of the puncture, and the angle were compared. A simulated pericardiocentesis was classified as “successful” when the effusion was reached. It was classified as “successful without a complication” when no adjacent structure was penetrated by the simulated puncture (lung, liver, internal thoracic artery, LAD, colon, and stomach). An attempt was declared as “unsuccessful” when the pericardial effusion was not reached at all, or the reached effusion measured less than 0.5 cm between the epicardium and pericardium at the location where the needle entered the pericardium.

Results

A subxiphoidal puncture technique starting in Larrey's triangle (sternocostal triangle) and directed toward the left midclavicular point with a 30° inclination resulted in the highest success rate (131 of 150 cases = 87%). In parallel the lowest complication rate (7 of 150 = 5%) was found using this technique, as well. In contrast, pericardiocentesis performed using other puncture directions resulted in lower success (66%–85%) and higher complication rates (9%–31%).

Conclusion

This CT‐based simulation study revealed that blind pericardiocentesis guided by anatomical landmarks only is best performed in a subxiphoid approach with a needle direction to the left midclavicular point with a 30° inclination. Nevertheless, injury of adjacent structures occurred frequently (5%) even when applying this puncture technique. Thus, blind pericardiocentesis can be performed with a high success rate and seems adequate to be performed under emergency conditions. However, planned procedures should be performed under image guidance.
Long‐term follow up of 3 T MRI‐detected brain lesions after percutaneous catheter‐based left atrial appendage closure
Authors: Bellmann Barbara , Rillig Andreas , Skurk Carsten , Leistner David Manuel , Haeusler Karl Georg , Lin Tina , Geran Rohat , Koehler Luzie , Guttmann Selma , Tscholl Verena , Roser Mattias , Lenz Klaus , Villringer Kersten , Wun Park Jai‐ , Fiebach Jochen B. , Landmesser Ulf
Published: May 2018

Background

Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) for stroke prevention is an increasingly performed intervention.

Aims

This prospective study aims to evaluate the incidence of long‐term magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐detected brain lesions as well as potential changes of neurocognitive function after percutaneous LAAC.

Methods

Brain MRI at 3 T was performed within 24 hr before and after LAAC. A follow‐up MRI was carried out after three months. Neuro‐cognitive examination using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Test was performed.

Results

Successful device implantation was achieved in all 25 patients (age 74.6 ± 10.2 years, male = 17) using the Amulet (n = 20), Occlutech (n = 3), or a Lambre (n = 2) device. In 12/25 (48%) patients, acute brain lesions (ABL) were detected after LAAC. A three‐month follow‐up MRI was performed in seven patients, and no new ABLs were seen. In 5/7 (71%) patients, there were no residual changes from the ABLs detectable. However, the FLAIR sequence was still positive in two patients. After LAAC, there were no significant differences in the MoCA‐test (mean 24.3 ± 4.5 vs. 23.5 ± 4.5; P = 0.1) and the NIHSS‐score (mean 0.9 ± 1.6 vs. 1.2 ± 1.8; P = 0.1). This was the same at the three‐month follow‐up (MoCA‐test 23.5 ± 4.5 vs. 23.8 ± 2.7; P = 0.3; NIHSS‐score 1.2 ± 1.8 vs. 1.0 ± 0.8; P = 0.4).

Conclusion

While new MRI‐detected brain lesions are commonly observed after percutaneous LAAC, ABLs were no longer detectable in 71% of the patients at the three‐month follow‐up. There were no significant changes in neurocognitive function after LAAC and at the three‐month follow‐up.
Is it the baby or the bath water?
Authors: Gray Bruce H.
Published: May 2018

Key Points

Technique makes a difference

Pharmaceutical support is essential

Secondary procedures are frequent
Medical simulation in interventional cardiology: “More research is needed”
Authors: Tajti Peter , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: May 2018

Key Points

Medical simulation is being used for training fellows to perform coronary angiography.

Medical simulation training was associated with 2 min less fluoroscopy time per case after adjustment.

Whether medical simulation really works needs to be evaluated in additional, well‐designed and executed clinical studies.
Merely subintimal coronary plaque modification improves health status: Not all CTO recanalization failures are alike?
Authors: Campos Carlos M. , Lemos Pedro A.
Published: May 2018

Key Points

Failed CTO angioplasty was divided in two groups: with and without “subintimal plaque modification.”

At 1‐month, patients treated with “subintimal plaque modification” had larger increases in health status as assessed by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire.

The relatively small sample size and the lack of a longer follow‐up period does not allow definite conclusion in terms of safety or clinical events.
Over‐expansion of balloon‐expandable transcatheter heart valves. Is there a limit?
Authors: Sathananthan Janarthanan , Webb John G.
Published: May 2018

Key Points

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation can be successful in selected patients with annuli beyond the current recommended limits for available transcatheter valves.

Over‐expansion of balloon‐expandable valves beyond current guidelines may play a role.

The limits of over‐expansion of balloon‐expandable valves are not well understood.
Mechanisms of Solvent‐Mediated Structural Transformations for Dynamic Crystals of Supramolecular Coordination Systems
Authors: Zhou Hang , Li Cheng‐Peng , Du Miao
Published: May 2018

Thus far, reports about the transformations for dynamic crystals of supramolecular coordination systems mainly include single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal reactions, and solvent‐mediated processes. This Concept focuses on the mechanisms for solvent‐mediated structural transformations of dynamic crystals, which can be classified into two categories, that is, core‐on‐shell and core‐to‐core. The core‐on‐shell mechanism means that the core of the new crystal is generated from the shell of original crystal, being concomitant with the dissolution of the mother crystal. In contrast, for the core‐to‐core case, the growth of new crystal core and the dissolution of original crystal core will proceed simultaneously, but they are physically separated. Herein, the two mechanisms are elucidated in detail, with some typical examples from recent advances.
Radial Diffusers – Simulation of Three‐Dimensional Flow Effects with CFD (Part 1)
Authors: Findeisen Fabian , Urbaneck Thorsten , Platzer Bernd
Published: May 2018

Radialdiffusoren dienen der Be‐ und Entladung von thermischen Speichern und beeinflussen signifikant die Qualität der thermischen Schichtung. Zur Verbesserung der Schichtungsqualität ist das Verständnis der komplexen Strömungsvorgänge notwendig. Gegenstand von Teil 1 der Veröffentlichungsreihe ist die Simulation einer isothermen Strömung im Radialdiffusor unter besonderer Beachtung der Strömungsvorgänge in der Einlaufstrecke sowie der Grenzschichtbehandlung. Nur bei einer sehr guten Auflösung der Grenzschichtströmung ist ein symmetrisches Ausströmen festzustellen.
Privacy in Doubt: An Empirical Investigation of Canadians' Knowledge of Corporate Data Collection and Usage Practices
Authors: Rice Marshall David , Bogdanov Ekaterina
Published: May 2018

We investigate Canadians' level of awareness of the ways in which businesses collect and use their data via existing and emerging technologies, including facial and voice recognition, mobile location tracking and the Internet of Things. In a survey of 1,005 Canadians, we found that many respondents are ill informed about how their data are being collected and used. Such low awareness of data practices is partially explained by the shortcomings of the “privacy notice.” We suggest further research into alternative methods of informing Canadians about corporate data practices and of enhancing individuals' control of private data in today's increasingly connected and mobile world. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Results of the AHOD0431 trial of response adapted therapy and a salvage strategy for limited stage, classical Hodgkin lymphoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Keller Frank G. , Castellino Sharon M. , Chen Lu , Pei Qinglin , Voss Stephan D. , McCarten Kathleen M. , Senn Stacy L. , Buxton Allen B. , Bush Rizvan , Constine Louis S. , Schwartz Cindy L.
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

The Children's Oncology Group AHOD0431 study evaluated a response‐directed treatment paradigm in which minimal initial chemotherapy and low‐dose radiation was received only by patients who did not achieve a complete remission, and a chemotherapy/low‐dose radiation salvage regimen was received by those who had a protocol‐defined, low‐risk recurrence.

METHODS

Patients younger than 21 years who had stage IA or IIA nonbulky disease were eligible. The treatment strategy was evaluated by determining the proportion that received minimal chemotherapy alone, the proportion that had a first or second remission without the receipt of high‐dose chemotherapy/stem cell rescue or higher dose involved‐field radiation therapy (>21 grays), and overall survival.

RESULTS

In total, 278 patients were eligible. At 4 years, 49.0% had received minimal chemotherapy and no radiation, 88.8% were in remission without receiving high‐dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue or >21 grays of involved‐field radiation therapy, and the overall survival rate was 99.6%. Patients who had mixed cellularity histology had a 4‐year event‐free survival (EFS) rate of 95.2%, which was significantly better than the 75.8% EFS for those who had nodular sclerosis histology (P = .008). A red blood cell sedimentation rate ≤20 mm/hour and a negative fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography scan after 1 cycle of chemotherapy (PET1) were associated with a favorable EFS outcome. The study was closed early when the receipt of radiation therapy exceeded the predefined monitoring boundary.

CONCLUSIONS

This limited chemotherapy response‐based approach was successful in patients who had a negative PET1 result, had MC histology, or had a low red blood cell sedimentation rate. In this treatment paradigm, evaluation of increased chemotherapy intensity or the integration of active new agents is indicated for patients who have nodular sclerosis histology with a high ESR or who have a positive PET1 result. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Sensitivity analysis of geometrical parameters to study haemodynamics and thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage
Authors: García‐Isla Guadalupe , Olivares Andy Luis , Silva Etelvino , Nuñez‐Garcia Marta , Butakoff Constantine , Sanchez‐Quintana Damian , G. Morales Hernán , Freixa Xavier , Noailly Jérôme , De Potter Tom , Camara Oscar
Published: May 2018

The left atrial appendage (LAA) is a complex and heterogeneous protruding structure of the left atrium (LA). In atrial fibrillation patients, it is the location where 90% of the thrombi are formed. However, the role of the LAA in thrombus formation is not fully known yet. The main goal of this work is to perform a sensitivity analysis to identify the most relevant LA and LAA morphological parameters in atrial blood flow dynamics. Simulations were run on synthetic ellipsoidal left atria models where different parameters were individually studied: pulmonary veins and mitral valve dimensions; LAA shape; and LA volume. Our computational analysis confirmed the relation between large LAA ostia, low blood flow velocities and thrombus formation. Additionally, we found that pulmonary vein configuration exerted a critical influence on LAA blood flow patterns. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the LAA and to support clinical decisions for atrial fibrillation patients.
Dynameric Frameworks with Aggregation‐Induced Emission for Selective Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Yuhao , Su Chengyong , Barboiu Mihail
Published: May 2018

Luminogenic materials with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) have attracted considerable interest for applications. If these systems aggregate, the free rotation of their scaffold is restricted, and as a consequence the photoluminescence increases. Herein, the first experimental observation of a “dynameric effect” on AIE is described. A comparison is made of the AIE of molecular and dynameric sensors that exhibit non‐linear turn‐on switching of fluorescence upon their interaction with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Confirmation was obtained from the enhanced ATP detection with multivalent dynameric networks compared with a molecular sensor. The dynamic, reversible behaviour of the imine linkages is critical to produce this enhancement, as a static, imine‐reduced, polymeric sensor showed decreased AIE activity. The dynameric frameworks showed selectivity for ATP over adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine monophosphate over guanosine triphosphate or cytidine triphosphate. Together, these results will accelerate the systematic discovery of efficient adaptive biomimetic sensors.
Gas‐Solution Phase Transient Absorption Study of the Plant Sunscreen Derivative Methyl Sinapate
Authors: Baker Lewis A. , Staniforth Michael , Flourat Amandine L. , Allais Florent , Stavros Vasilios G.
Published: May 2018

The plant sunscreen derivative methyl sinapate is studied in the gas‐ and solution‐phase as an important step in understanding the structure‐dynamics‐function relationship of plant sunscreens such as sinapoyl malate. Results from gas‐phase experiments suggest a three step deactivation process after photoexcitation. Photoexcitation to the S1 state results in internal vibrational energy redistribution within 3 ps. Intersystem crossing then occurs in 30 ps between S1 and T1 and the latter state then persists outside our probe window (
1 ns). In solution with the weakly perturbing solvent cyclohexane, a dramatic change in the photophysical properties is observed. A trans‐cis isomerisation is observed to occur in 3 ps via a 1
/S0 conical intersection. The population which does not complete the isomerisation, relaxes via vibrational energy transfer to the solvent in 9 ps. A long‐lived photoproduct is then observed to persist and is identified as the cis‐isomer.
Evaluating environmental conflict resolution: Practitioners, projects, and the movement
Authors: Fisher Micah , Sablan Tina
Published: May 2018

Environmental conflict is complex and variable, and over time, a concerted field has developed to study processes for collaboration and resolution. This article examines the evaluations of multistakeholder collaborative processes underpinning the field of Environmental Conflict Resolution (ECR). Specifically, we analyze ECR evaluations from over four decades, across different approaches, geographies, and scales. We also corroborate our findings through interviews and discussions with key scholars and practitioners in the field. We highlight the valuable empirical data from evaluations and point to a three‐pronged approach for reinvigorating evaluations that support practitioners and projects and promote broader ideals of ECR collaboration.
How to map forest structure from aircraft, one tree at a time
Authors: Dalponte Michele , Frizzera Lorenzo , Gianelle Damiano
Published: May 2018

Forest structure is strongly related to forest ecology, and it is a key parameter to understand ecosystem processes and services. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) is becoming an important tool in environmental mapping. It is increasingly common to collect ALS data at high enough point density to recognize individual tree crowns (ITCs) allowing analyses to move beyond classical stand‐level approaches. In this study, an effective and simple method to map ITCs, and their stem diameter and aboveground biomass (AGB) is presented. ALS data were used to delineate ITCs and to extract ITCs’ height and crown diameter; then, using newly developed allometries, the ITCs’ diameter at breast height (DBH) and AGB were predicted. Gini coefficient of DBHs was also predicted and mapped aggregating ITCs predictions. Two datasets from spruce dominated temperate forests were considered: one was used to develop the allometric models, while the second was used to validate the methodology. The proposed approach provides accurate predictions of individual DBH and AGB (R2 = .85 and .78, respectively) and of tree size distributions. The proposed method had a higher generalization ability compared to a standard area‐based method, in particular for the prediction of the Gini coefficient of DBHs. The delineation method used detected more than 50% of the trees with DBH >10 cm. The detection rate was particularly low for trees with DBH below 10 cm, but they represent a small amount of the total biomass. The Gini coefficient of the DBH distribution was predicted at plot level with R2 = .46. The approach described in this work, easy applicable in different forested areas, is an important development of the traditional area‐based remote sensing tools and can be applied for more detailed analysis of forest ecology and dynamics.
Testing the effects of heterozygosity on growth rate plasticity in the seaweed Gracilaria chilensis (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Gallegos Sánchez Cristóbal F. , Beltrán Jessica , Flores Verónica , González Alejandra V. , Santelices Bernabé
Published: May 2018

Heterozygosity has been positively associated with fitness and population survival. However, the relationship between heterozygosity and adaptive phenotypic plasticity (i.e., plasticity which results in fitness homeostasis or improvement in changing environments) is unclear and has been poorly explored in seaweeds. In this study, we explored this relationship in the clonal red seaweed, Gracilaria chilensis by conducting three growth rate plasticity experiments under contrasting salinity conditions and by measuring heterozygosity with five microsatellite DNA markers. Firstly, we compared growth rate plasticity between the haploid and diploid phases. Secondly, we compared growth rate plasticity between diploids with different numbers of heterozygous loci. Finally, we compared growth rate plasticity between diploid plants from two populations that are expected to exhibit significant differences in heterozygosity. We found that, (i) diploids displayed a higher growth rate and lower growth rate plasticity than haploids, (ii) diploids with a higher number of heterozygous loci displayed lower growth rate plasticity than those exhibiting less heterozygosity, and (iii) diploid sporophytes from the population with higher heterozygosity displayed lower growth rate plasticity than those with lower heterozygosity. Accordingly, this study suggests that heterozygosity is inversely related to growth rate plasticity in G. chilensis. However, better genetic tools in seaweeds are required for a more definitive conclusion on the relationship between heterozygosity and phenotypic plasticity.
Study of wireless temperature measurement induction heating system using magnetic properties of au‐coated ferromagnetic implant with low Curie temperature
Authors: Aki Fumitaka , Loi Tonthat , Saito Hajime , Yoshimura Noboru , Mitobe Kazutaka
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we aim to build wireless temperature measurement induction heating system for hyperthermia using “Au‐coated Ferromagnetic Implant with Low Curie Temperature (Au‐FILCT)”. Using this system we clarified the distance‐dependent characteristic of voltage used for detecting temperature in heating process of Au‐FILCT under high‐frequency magnetic field applied. The tumor temperature is measurable utilizing the property in which the magnetism of Au‐FILCT changes depending on its temperature. We measured the voltage and temperature of Au‐FILCT, while placed at distances of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 cm from the top surface of the drive coil. We confirmed that the Au‐FILCT was heated above the treatable temperature of 45°C within 145.0 s up to the distance of 3.0 cm and the accuracy of voltage was improved with the S/N ratio 18.3 dB at 3.0 cm. In addition, the correlation of the voltage with either the temperature or distance was high. All the contribution ratios of their approximate expressions were above 0.97. We propose a method of estimating the temperature from the voltage measured even if the distance to the Au‐FILCT is unknown, assuming the core body temperature is stable at about 37°C.
Bounding reproductive rates in state‐space models for animal population dynamics
Authors: Sköld Martin , Knape Jonas
Published: May 2018

Time‐series models applied in the study of animal population dynamics commonly assume linearity on the log‐scale, leading to log‐normally distributed rates of increase. While this is often computationally convenient, in particular when performing statistical inference in the presence of observation error, it may lead to unrealistic predictions for animals with a limited reproduction. We introduce a model that includes an explicit bound on the reproductive rate of an individual, and apply this to a population time series of ungulates in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Due to observational error, the year‐to‐year increases in animal counts occasionally exceeded the maximal reproductive rate of the animals. In such cases, the traditional unbounded model showed a tendency of overfitting data, leading to unrealistic predictions of the underlying population increase. An observed increase above the maximal reproductive rate also provides empirical confirmation that observation error exists. The model with an explicit bound was able to utilize this in order to separate observational error from population process noise, which the traditional unbounded model was unable to do. We conclude that enforcing a strict upper bound on the reproductive rate of an animal population model may lead to more realistic statistical inference than commonly applied log‐linear models when an explicit bound on reproductive rate is known. We further conclude that introducing a bound on reproduction can greatly assist in separating observational error and population process noise for slow life histories, or more generally, when the rate of sampling is high compared to reproductive rates.
What drives interaction strengths in complex food webs? A test with feeding rates of a generalist stream predator
Authors: Preston Daniel L. , Henderson Jeremy S. , Falke Landon P. , Segui Leah M. , Layden Tamara J. , Novak Mark
Published: May 2018

Describing the mechanisms that drive variation in species interaction strengths is central to understanding, predicting, and managing community dynamics. Multiple factors have been linked to trophic interaction strength variation, including species densities, species traits, and abiotic factors. Yet most empirical tests of the relative roles of multiple mechanisms that drive variation have been limited to simplified experiments that may diverge from the dynamics of natural food webs. Here, we used a field‐based observational approach to quantify the roles of prey density, predator density, predator‐prey body‐mass ratios, prey identity, and abiotic factors in driving variation in feeding rates of reticulate sculpin (Cottus perplexus). We combined data on over 6,000 predator‐prey observations with prey identification time functions to estimate 289 prey‐specific feeding rates at nine stream sites in Oregon. Feeding rates on 57 prey types showed an approximately log‐normal distribution, with few strong and many weak interactions. Model selection indicated that prey density, followed by prey identity, were the two most important predictors of prey‐specific sculpin feeding rates. Feeding rates showed a positive relationship with prey taxon densities that was inconsistent with predator saturation predicted by current functional response models. Feeding rates also exhibited four orders‐of‐magnitude in variation across prey taxonomic orders, with the lowest feeding rates observed on prey with significant anti‐predator defenses. Body‐mass ratios were the third most important predictor variable, showing a hump‐shaped relationship with the highest feeding rates at intermediate ratios. Sculpin density was negatively correlated with feeding rates, consistent with the presence of intraspecific predator interference. Our results highlight how multiple co‐occurring drivers shape trophic interactions in nature and underscore ways in which simplified experiments or reliance on scaling laws alone may lead to biased inferences about the structure and dynamics of species‐rich food webs.
Opening the black box of implementation feedback: An analysis of reloading strategies in EU water governance
Authors: van Eerd Marjolein C.J. , Dieperink Carel , Wiering Mark A.
Published: May 2018

Throughout the legal and practical implementation of the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD), subnational implementing agents experience how this policy works in practice. The feedback, or reloading, of these experiences is an important contribution to create resilient EU water governance and to further elaborate the flexible requirements of this framework directive. However, a gap exists concerning our knowledge on the strategies that implementing actors use to mobilize experiential knowledge. Our objective is therefore to understand the reloading of implementation experiences in the WFD's policy process, by studying the conditions that affect strategic mobilization behavior of implementing agents. We build upon existing studies to explore which mobilization strategies are used in WFD reloading cases, and assess which conditions contribute to the identified strategic agency choices. The main finding of this study is that the mobilizing agents often use a smart combination of framing, coalition‐building, venue shopping and timing strategies for reloading implementation experiences as policy‐relevant knowledge. The choice of such combinations is affected by agency and institutional structure‐related conditions, that is, a mobilizing agent's interests, resources and capacities plus the existing EU water governance network contribute to strategic mobilization behavior. Our study is a first exploration of the topic. We therefore conclude this paper with some suggestions for further research.
Engineering Zn0.33Co0.67S Hollow Microspheres with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance for Lithium and Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Jingfa , Liu Ben , Li Min , Zhou Qihao , Chen Qiang , Guo Cong , Zhang Lei
Published: May 2018

Hollow structures of transition metal sulfides, could be promising for energy devices such as hybrid supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Specially, mixed transition metal sulfides, benefiting from synergetic effects of the multiple metal species, have shown significant advance in the electrochemical performances of LIBs. Whereas, there is no report on exploring them as the electrode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, we reported the successful fabrication of Zn0.33Co0.67S hollow microspheres with well‐defined voids via a novel sulfidation into ZnCo2‐glycolate solid microspheres and employed them as the electrodes in rechargeable secondary batteries like LIBs and SIBs. Specifically, in LIB testing, the Zn0.33Co0.67S hollow microsphere electrodes delivered a reversible capacity of 540 mA h g–1 at the current density of 500 mA g–1 over 200 cycles. Interestingly, as the pioneering anode among mixed transition sulfides in SIBs, Zn0.33Co0.67S hollow microsphere electrodes still stored Na+ as high as 420 mA h g–1 at 500 mA g–1 over 50 sodiation/desodiation repeating cycles.