bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Technologies in Agriculture: Optimization of Heat Balance and Increasing Energy Efficiency of Greenhouses
Authors: Abdullayev Abdurakhmon , Abdullaev Bakhtiyor , Musaeva Gulistan , Raimov Holbek , Ravshanov Alisher
Published: October 2024

In the context of the growing need for environmentally friendly and sustainable technologies, solar greenhouses represent an important element of green technologies aimed at reducing the environmental impact and increasing energy efficiency in agriculture. This paper presents an analysis of the coefficient of natural heat accumulation of solar radiation in the soil of translucent film fencing of hemispherical solar greenhouses. The study covers the dynamics of daily heat accumulation and identifies key factors affecting the efficiency of heat exchange inside the greenhouses. The method of heat engineering calculation of solar heating solar greenhouses, compiled balance equations for individual volumes, parts and in general greenhouses with their subsequent solution, the calculated expressions of solar greenhouses in autumn and spring during which heating in film solar greenhouses of semi-cylindrical shape, depending on the number of layers and orientation to the cardinal points of their translucent fencing and can be illuminated only through the use of solar energy. Based on the analysis of graphical dependencies constructed with the proposed calculation expressions, the degrees of influence of the orientation of the semi-cylindrical translucent film enclosure to the cardinal points, the presence or absence of vegetation in solar greenhouses, the number of layers of the translucent enclosure and external meteorological conditions on the formation of the daily cycle of air and soil surface temperature inside solar greenhouses are established. The obtained results contribute to the optimization of solar greenhouse parameters and the development of efficient methods for using solar energy, which is important for sustainable development and the introduction of green technologies in the agricultural sector.
Assessment of Sustainable Development Potential and the Green Growth of the Russian Macro-Region
Authors: Smirnova Olga , Chesnyukova Lyudmila
Published: October 2024

The article explores sustainable development in terms of the green growth concept relative to the Ural-Siberian macro-region of Russia. To implement the principles of sustainable development in conditions of uncertainty, environmental preservation and economic progress, the main directions, problems and prospects have been analysed. The study aims to assess the potential for sustainable development of the Ural-Siberian macro-region and analyse the most promising directions in the sphere of the green economy. The results and conclusions of the article can be useful for formulating regional sustainable socio-economic development strategies with regard to the green growth principles.
Transition of Uzbekistan to Sustainable Environmental Development
Authors: Seitov Azamat , Khasanova Mavlyuda , Tursunova Ranokhon , Mamadaminova Bakhtigul , Nasurova Kamolakhon
Published: October 2024

Environmental issues are high on the global agenda. They play an increasingly important role in the development and implementation of national and regional plans. The article examines the key aspects of the transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to sustainable environmental development based on the concept of a green economy. It discusses such important areas as energy efficiency, resource use, waste management, as well as the introduction of innovative technologies in various sectors of the economy. Secondary data analysis techniques are used. The results of the work may be useful for the development of policies and programs aimed at ensuring sustainable growth and environmental protection in Uzbekistan and other countries with similar conditions.
Harnessing the Synergy: Foreign Experiences with Agrovoltaic Systems for a Thriving Green Economy
Authors: Eshpulatov Dostonbek , Berdiev Gayrat , Ravshanov Alisher , Norbutayev Bakhtiyor , Nazarov Qiyom
Published: October 2024

The paper explores the integration of solar panels with agriculture, known as agrovoltaics, and its potential to enhance land productivity while meeting rising energy demands. The study systematically reviews international experiences using the Web of Science database, focusing on both power generation and agricultural productivity. It identifies crops that do not show significant productivity gains in agrovoltaic systems and discusses the implications for farming and animal husbandry. The paper emphasizes the importance of sustainable development goals and the need for renewable energy in agriculture, highlighting the challenges of climate change and global warming. The research concludes that agrovoltaics can be a viable solution for simultaneous electricity and food production, with certain crops like potatoes showing promise for large-scale systems. However, it also notes the experimental nature of current agrovoltaic systems and the need for further research to optimize crop selection and management practices.
The Role of Innovation Activity in Sustainable Development
Authors: Mahmudova Nargiza , Norbaev Tura , Savickiene Jurate
Published: October 2024

In the face of global challenges, sustainable development is becoming a priority for many countries. The article examines the role of innovation in ensuring sustainable development. Particular attention is paid to intellectual property as a key element of innovative growth and economic development of countries. The mechanisms through which patents, trademarks and copyrights promote innovation, stimulating scientific and technological progress and helping to create competitive advantages are analysed. The article examines the relationship between the EU innovation policy and the dynamics of the use of various intellectual property objects. The subject of the study is industrial intellectual property, in particular trademarks and patents for inventions, which serve as a catalyst for the development of innovations in the Eurasian Union. These types of industrial property are chosen because of their use and protection. In this study, the French and German patent systems were the most common. The analysis shows that the intellectual property system in the Netherlands has many advantages. It also shows that other EU countries have succeeded in achieving innovation policy goals by creating a system of exclusive industrial intellectual property rights.
ESG in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Malaysian Perspectives
Authors: Adenan Farah Aisyah , Ariff Akmalia , Mohamed Adnan Shayuti
Published: October 2024

The financial health of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is crucial for sustaining and fostering economic development in developing countries. The integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) has been promoted as contributing to the financial performance of SMEs. This study explores the ESG in SMEs by reviewing on the regulatory framework associated with the ESG commitments in the Malaysian setting. Review is done on the evidence linking between ESG and financial performance. This study also reviews the benefits and challenges of ESG commitments among the Malaysian SMEs. This study provides an understanding on how ESG commitment of the SMEs can be strategically mobilised to enhance their financial performance. The review intends to expand the strategic perspectives of SMEs, shifting ESG from a peripheral component of corporate social responsibility to an integral driver of competitive advantage and value creation.
Coverage of The ESG Agenda in Russian Companies: Metrics and Distribution Strength
Authors: Kuzmin Evgeny , Rakhimova Guzalbegim , Nasirova Hatidje , Namozov Jasurbek
Published: October 2024

The article empirically studies the level of implementation and dissemination of environmental, social and governance (ESG) principles in Russian companies. The study is based on the analysis of non-financial reports of 109 companies for 2022, representing various sectors of the economy. The key focus is on assessing ESG metrics, which, according to the research results, remain unevenly integrated despite the progress in the field of ESG. Many companies are actively introducing ESG components, but a significant proportion of them are at an early stage of this process. The findings highlight the need to further strengthen the ESG agenda in Russian companies and can serve as a basis for further research in this area.
The Relationship Between ESG Metrics and Financial Performance of an Enterprise in the Oil and Gas Sector
Authors: Gutman Svetlana S. , Egorova Maya M. , Ibragimov Boburshoh B. , Nosirova Sanobar S. , Seytenova Venera
Published: October 2024

This article explores the relationship between ESG (environmental, social and corporate governance) indicators and the financial performance of enterprises. It analyzes data from companies included in the RAEX ESG rating in order to build a linear regression model that demonstrates the dependence of financial indicators, such as return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA), on factors related to sustainable development. The results showed that company performance in the area of sustainability on the E-rating reduces the variability of stock returns and the efficiency of assets use, while increasing return on equity; a rise in the rating on the S indicator leads to an increase in all selected financial indicators of the company; an increase in the G-ranking has a negative effect on stock volatility, but leads to a decrease in return on equity and assets. Components of an ESG rating, especially corporate governance indicators, can both positively and negatively impact company financial performance. The modeling results confirm the existence of a significant relationship between the implementation of sustainable development principles and the financial results of companies, which emphasizes the importance of taking into account ESG factors when assessing the performance of enterprises and making investment decisions. The study provides data for further inquiry into the role of sustainable development in improving the financial performance of enterprises and forming effective management strategies.
Harnessing Green Bonds for Sustainable Development: An Empirical Impact and Insight
Authors: Tukhtabayev Abdurashid , Dadajonova Martabakhon , Sativaldiyeva Gulchehra , Kholiyorov Umirzok , Hamidova Shahzoda
Published: October 2024

The study aims to discuss the role of green bonds in financing sustainable development projects, highlighting their significant positive impact on resource mobilization, attracting different types of investors and achieving ecological as well as social results. Making financial returns line up with good ecological results improves the transparency and credibility of financed projects. However, within the sustainable finance space, green bonds are shown to be a strong instrument despite some variation in their influence on societal development and dependence on regulatory frameworks. The findings from this study confirm theoretical assumptions that integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) aspects into financial decision making would channel capital to initiatives with substantial sustainability benefits. In conclusion, this analysis suggests that more comprehensive studies should be undertaken to overcome limitations associated with sample size; reliance on self-reported data; and the fact that it is a cross-sectional survey. Henceforth, future research should focus on longitudinal analyses; comparative evaluations of sustainable finance instruments; and more objective measures of impact so as to provide deeper knowledge about long-term effects and general consequences of green bond issues.
Analysis of the Influence of Economic Factors on the Ecological Footprint Using a Panel Regression Model
Authors: Muhamediyeva Dilnoz , Makhsudova Oysara N. , Suyunova Feruza
Published: October 2024

With the growing importance of sustainable development, it becomes necessary to study the factors influencing the ecological footprint. This study aims to evaluate the impact of various economic factors on the ecological footprint using a panel regression model. The model used allows for both individual and time differences, which makes it suitable for the analysis of long-term and cross-regional data. The results show that increased economic development is associated with an increase in environmental footprint, but this impact can be significantly mitigated by investment in fixed assets and increased public awareness. The findings highlight the importance of cooperation and technology exchange to achieve sustainable development goals and reduce environmental pollution at the global level. The findings can serve as a basis for the development of practical recommendations for sustainable resource management and environmental policy aimed at improving the state of the environment.
Sustainable Green Development: Water-Saving Irrigation Technologies
Authors: Arifjanov Aybek , Samiev Luqmon , Abduraimova Dilbar , Jalilova Khumora
Published: October 2024

In the context of global climate change and increasing demand for natural resources, sustainable development requires the introduction of innovative technologies that contribute to the conservation and rational use of water resources. This article aims to examine water-saving irrigation technologies. The efficiency of the sprinkler irrigation system is affected by the wind flow and evaporation. Therefore, the comparison of designed and measured values of discharge from a nozzle and throwing radius of three sprinklers for 6 pressured head were done. Experiment was conducted at Uchxoz district, Tashkent region, Uzbekistan with latitude 69.248903 and longitude 41.037240. The place is 2 ha and experiment were at wheat crop. Irrigation system has been taken from Chirchik river. Sprinkler system installed with 9 to 12 m distances connect with a soil condition and slope. Because of importance of natural conditions, especially wind drift and radiation connect with the evaporation, research was performed at these losses. Furthermore, the calculation of wind drift and evaporation losses based on the observed values was calculated. The measured values of the discharges were lower as the designed one in all cases from 71% to 83%. Furthermore, we can conclude that the smallest differences were observed during the experiment with highest radius with smallest pressure head. The real radius of wetter area was from 80% to 88% of the designed radius by producer. The results showed the need to use the higher number of sprinklers or higher pressure to irrigate the required area.
Implementierung des Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score in einer Kinderklinik
Authors: Strahm Rachel , Uhlmann Katja , Lanz Brigitte Wenger , Schmitt Kai-Uwe
Published: October 2024

Mangelernährung bei hospitalisierten Kindern und Jugendlichen ist eine interprofessionelle Herausforderung und kann negative Auswirkungen auf den Genesungsprozess haben. Damit eine Mangelernährung behandelt werden kann, ist es wichtig, bei Eintritt in die Klinik ein Screening durchzuführen und bei einem erhöhten Risiko geeignete Maßnahmen einzuleiten. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Herausforderungen und Auswirkungen bei der Implementierung des Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS) als Screening-Tool in einer Kinderklinik.
Schulgesundheitsfachkraft – Kompetenzprofil im internationalen Vergleich
Authors: Taveira Brandao Silvia Catarina , Vey Denise , Herrgen Julia , Maulbecker-Armstrong Catharina
Published: October 2024

Der Gesundheitszustand von Schulkindern beeinflusst ihre Entwicklung und Bildungschancen. Der Beruf der Schulgesundheitsfachkräfte, ein international etabliertes Konzept, wird sukzessive in Deutschland implementiert. Diese Fachkräfte bieten vielversprechende Lösungen für schulische Gesundheitsbetreuung. Das Positionspapier befasst sich mit dem Kompetenzprofil der Schulgesundheitsfachkräfte im internationalen Vergleich, um ihr Potenzial und ihre Autonomie in Deutschland zu stärken.
Autologe Brustrekonstruktion und Bestrahlung: Konsensus-Bericht der
Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie (DAM)
Authors: Heine-Geldern Albrecht , Hirche Christoph , Kremer Thomas , Lössl Kristina , Bach Alexander D. , Russe Elisabeth , Fansa Hisham , Beier Justus P. , Harder Yves , Momeni Arash
Published: October 2024

Die autologe Brustrekonstruktion nach Mastektomie mittels freien Lappenplastiken
(kurz: autologe Brustrekonstruktion) zeigt im Vergleich zur Implantat-basierten
Rekonstruktion günstige klinische Langzeitergebnisse und eine höhere
Patientenzufriedenheit. Traditionell galt die adjuvante Strahlentherapie als
relative Kontraindikation für die sofortige autologe Brustrekonstruktion
aufgrund der unvorhersehbaren Strahlenfolgen. Moderne adjuvante
Strahlentherapien (PMRT) konnten jedoch akute und chronische Strahlenschäden
deutlich reduzieren. Dennoch zögern Plastische Chirurgen immer noch,
Patientinnen, die eine adjuvante Strahlentherapie benötigen, eine sofortige
autologe Brustrekonstruktion anzubieten. In jüngster Zeit gibt es jedoch
Hinweise auf einen Paradigmenwechsel, der eine solche Rekonstruktion trotz
anschließender Strahlentherapie befürwortet. Im Rahmen eines Konsensus-Workshops
der 44. Jahrestagung der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für
Mikrochirurgie (DAM) in Bern (Schweiz) wurde die Evidenz zur PMRT und autologer
Brustrekonstruktion dargestellt und Konsensus-Formulierungen zum zukünftigen
chirurgischen Management und zur zeitlichen Koordinierung erarbeitet. Dabei
wurde betont, dass das Ziel jeder Rekonstruktion eine weiche und möglichst
sensible Brust sein sollte, welche durch ein sicheres Verfahren eine
bestmögliche Symmetrie in Form und Größe zur nicht betroffenen Gegenseite
schafft. Es wurde konsentiert, dass die Erhaltung des originären Haut- und
Weichteilmantels im Sinne einer hautsparenden oder sogar
Mamillen-Areolen-Komplex (MAK) sparenden Mastektomie bei gleicher onkologischer
Sicherheit die besten ästhetischen Ergebnisse erbringt. Abschließend konnte ein
Konsens gefunden werden, dass eine PMRT und die zu erwartenden Strahlenfolgen
entgegen dem ursprünglichen Meinungsbild vor dem Workshop nicht mehr eine
Kontraindikation für eine autologe Sofortrekonstruktion darstellen sollten.
Virulence Potential of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated during the Perinatal Period
Authors: Yin Hong , Blomberg Vilma , Sun Liwei , Yin ChunXia , Sütterlin Susanne
Published: October 2024

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the virulence factors in Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) derived from the perinatal fecal colonization flora of mothers and their newborns in a Chinese obstetric ward.

Study Design Rectal swabs were obtained from mothers prenatally and from their newborns postnatally, and analyzed for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli. The isolates were then whole-genome sequenced.

Results Maternal and neonatal colonization by ESBL-producing E. coli in a Chinese obstetric ward was 18% (31/177) and 5% (9/170), respectively. Fecal ESBL-producing isolates exhibited a significantly lower frequency of virulence factors compared with invasive E. coli.

Conclusion Providing balanced information on screening results is essential, along with conducting a risk assessment for antibiotic treatment strategies.

Key Points
Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears in National Football League Players by Short, Normal, or Long Rest Weeks
Authors: Garlapaty Ashwin R. , Scheiderer Joshua A. , Rucinski Kylee , DeFroda Steven F.
Published: October 2024

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in National Football League (NFL) players are devastating injuries that take nearly a year to recover. Players that do return to sport have worse overall performance compared to pre-ACL tear. NFL players typically play regular season games on Sunday with the next game played on the following Sunday, allowing for 6 days between games. Deviation from the usual 6-day rest week has been proposed as a potential risk for ACL tear. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of decreased rest or increased rest on ACL tear rates in NFL players. ACL injury data of NFL players from the 2012 to 2013 season and 2022 to 2023 season were gathered from publicly available sources. Player demographic data, position, age at time of injury, seasons played, injury mechanism, and playing surface type were recorded. Injuries were characterized as short, normal, or long week injuries. ACL tears that occurred during the preseason, postseason, or during week 1 were excluded. Descriptive statistics were calculated to report means, ranges, and percentages. Data were analyzed to determine statistically significant differences using Fisher's exact, chi-square, or one-way analysis of variance tests. A total of 524 ACL tears were recorded in NFL players during the study window. Note that 304 ACL tears were excluded and 220 fit inclusion criteria. Twenty-four ACL tears occurred during short weeks, 68 during long weeks, and 128 during normal weeks. Players were 1.8 times more likely to tear their ACL during a long week compared to a normal week (p < 0.001), and 1.5 times more likely to tear their ACL during a short week compared to a normal week (p = 0.02). The findings from this study suggest that deviation from the normal 7-day NFL week increases the risk of an ACL tear in NFL players when increasing or decreasing rest time. Further research exploring the impact of short and long rest times on player injury risk should be conducted to prevent season-ending injuries.
Prediabetes Associates with Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Activation and Contributes to the Rapid Destruction of Periodontal Tissues
Authors: Umeizudike Kehinde Adesola , Aji Nur Rahman Ahmad Seno , Niskanen Katariina , Rantala Iina , Sakellari Dimitra , Grigoriadis Andreas , Pätilä Tommi , Gupta Shipra , Sorsa Timo , Räisänen Ismo T.
Published: October 2024

Objective The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between periodontitis, potential periodontitis oral fluid biomarkers, and prediabetes.

Materials and Methods This study included 150 Greek adults aged 25 to 78 years who were tested with an Hemoglobin A1C (HBA1c) diagnostic system, an active-matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) point-of-care (PoC) test, and several salivary biomarkers enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests and gelatin zymography. A full-mouth clinical examination was performed to assess their periodontal and oral health status.

Statistical Analysis The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to determine the statistically significant difference in the levels of periodontal oral fluid biomarkers between the different periodontitis stages, periodontitis grades, and the stages and grades of periodontitis combined. Spearman's rank correlation was performed to assess the strength and direction of the association between aMMP-8 and HbA1c levels (<5.7 and ≥5.7%) and with the other oral fluid biomarkers among patients with severe periodontitis. A two-sided p-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant in this study.

Results aMMP-8, but not total MMP-8 or other biomarkers, associated significantly with the stage and grade of periodontitis combined (p < 0.001, Kruskal–Wallis test). Among stage III grade C periodontitis patients, aMMP-8 levels were significantly positively correlated with prediabetes (Spearman's rho = 0.646, p = 0.044), total MMP-8 (rho = 0.636, p = 0.048), PMN Elastase (rho = 0.729, p = 0.017), total MMP-9 (rho = 0.721, p = 0.019), and total MMP-8/TIMP-1 molar ratio (rho = 0.879, p < 0.001).

Conclusion Prediabetic disease development can upregulate MMP-8 expression (total MMP-8) in rapidly progressing, severe periodontitis, where MMP-8 latent species are further activated into their active forms (aMMP-8). Simultaneously, several proinflammatory biomarker levels are elevated in this tissue-destructive biomarker cascade. This development is easily detectable online/in real-time within 5 minutes by aMMP-8 PoC testing at the dentist's office.
Diagnostic Approach to the Patient with Altered Mental Status
Authors: Lieberman Ori J. , Berkowitz Aaron L.
Published: October 2024

Acute encephalopathy is a common presenting symptom in the emergency room and complicates many hospital and intensive care unit admissions. The evaluation of patients with encephalopathy poses several challenges: limited history and examination due to the patient's mental status, broad differential diagnosis of systemic and neurologic etiologies, low yield of neurodiagnostic testing due to the high base rate of systemic causes, and the importance of identifying less common neurologic causes of encephalopathy that can be life-threatening if not identified and treated. This article discusses the differential diagnosis of acute encephalopathy, presents an approach to the history and examination in a patient with encephalopathy, reviews the literature on the yield of neurodiagnostic testing in this population, and provides a diagnostic framework for the evaluation of patients with altered mental status.
Lobbying from the Outside: Foreign Agents, Lobbyists, and Foreign Advocacy in the USA
Authors: Straus Jacob R.
Published: October 2024

In 1938, Congress enacted the Foreign Agent Registration Act (FARA) as a tool to identify and potentially combat Nazi propaganda. In the 1960s, FARA was amended to shift its focus from capturing propaganda to documenting the advocacy relationship between foreign principals (e.g., governments, political parties, and corporations) and the US government. Today, foreign agents—those hired by foreign principals to represent their interests—are required to register with the Department of Justice unless they meet one of the eight statutory exemptions, including one that allows for the registration under the Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA), a 1995 law that requires lobbyists to register with Congress. This paper provides background on FARA, LDA, and how they interact. Using data from both laws, three logit regression models test the importance of American foreign assistances and international alliance connections on a countries decision to hire an advocate in the USA. The analysis demonstrates that countries that receive have more international alliance connections with the USA are more likely to hire a foreign agent, lobbyist, or both. Those that receive more foreign assistance are more likely to hire a lobbyist or a lobbyist and a foreign agent.
A Data System Designed for High-Repetition-Rate High-Energy-Density Science
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: October 2024

Flexible framework to help HED facilities transition to HRR operation
Finite element analysis and detection of melanoma cells under dual-cell photoacoustic interference conditions
Authors: Zhao Rongrong , Han Jianning
Published: October 2024

In order to detect the presence of melanoma cells in two cells under the condition of cell photoacoustic wave interference, this paper conducted a finite element analysis of the photoacoustic wave interference field of two cells. First, the wavelength corresponding to the dominant frequency of the signal from a single red blood cell (mean diameter) was calculated. Then, the distance between two identical red blood cells (mean diameter) was set as a multiple of the wavelength to identify the optimal interference distance and the position of the enhanced zone detection point. Next, under the optimal distance, the signal curves of two cells as red blood cells and when melanoma cells exist in two cells were calculated in sequence. Finally, the frequency domain sound pressure level curve of the detection point under the two states was compared with the single-cell signal to obtain the Frechet distance. The results show that when both cells are red blood cells, the Frechet value is less than 48; when melanoma cells exist in both cells, the Frechet value is greater than 52. This study shows that the presence of melanoma cells in two cells can be determined by adjusting the distance between the cells, arranging the positions of the detection points, and employing the Frechet distance metric curve difference under the condition that the two-cell photoacoustic waves interfere with each other.
Cooling rate dependence of charge density wave phases in 1T-TaS2 studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray diffraction
Authors: Riffle Jake V. , de la Torre Alberto , Plumb Kemp W. , Hollen Shawna M.
Published: October 2024

The role of dynamics in the charge density wave (CDW) phases of 1T-TaS2, especially in accessing metastable phases, is still under scrutiny. We investigated cooling rate dependence on low-temperature CDW phases in this material by scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray diffraction. In the majority of cases, we found the typical low temperature commensurate CDW and identified no other differences between samples that were fast cooled vs slow cooled from room temperature. In rare cases (1/18 STM experiments and 1/30 XRD experiments), we found a multi-domain structure in the low temperature CDW. The domain structure and metallic behavior revealed by STM and STS measurements of this phase are in excellent agreement with the previously reported metallic mosaic CDW phase.
Optimization of fast-ion diagnostic sets in tokamaks and stellarators using diagnostic weight functions
Authors: Moseev D. , Kuzmych I. , Järleblad H. , Lazerson S. A. , Rud M. , Valentini A. , Salewski M.
Published: October 2024

The fast-ion phase-space distribution function in the magnetic fusion devices is always underdiagnosed, and every new fast-ion diagnostic should be carefully assessed before installation to minimize redundancies in measurements and maximize the information from the yet undiagnosed part of the fast-ion phase space distribution function. Here, we present a novel method of assessing the added value of a considered fast-ion diagnostic, taking actual geometry and an existing set of fast-ion diagnostics into account. The new method is based on a reformulation of the diagnostic weight functions in constants of motion (COM). We compare the proposed method with the previous approach using Monte Carlo simulations.
Determination of the response for the National Ignition Facility particle time of flight (PTOF) detector using single particle counting
Authors: Lawrence Y. , Reichelt B. L. , Wink C. W. , Rigon G. , Johnson M. Gatu , Li C. K. , Frenje J. A.
Published: October 2024

The Particle Time of Flight (PTOF) detector is a chemical vapor deposition diamond-based detector used to measure bang times in low-yield (≲ 1015 neutrons) experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Historically, the impulse response for PTOF diamond detectors has been obtained from x-ray timing shots on the NIF and shots on the MegaRay pulsed electron accelerator at LLNL. The impulse response may alternatively be obtained using single particle interactions with the detector, at substantially less cost and higher frequency compared to NIF timing shots, which typically occur months apart. Here, the response of a PTOF detector setup is characterized by statistically averaging a large number of single particle waveforms. A high fidelity instrument response function can be constructed in this way. This is confirmed by comparison of the single particle counting-constructed response to the impulse response function measured for the same detector at LLNL’s MegaRay facility.
Table-top source for x-ray absorption spectroscopy with photon energies up to 350 eV
Authors: Naranjo-Montoya O. A. , Bridger M. , Bhar R. , Kalkhoff L. , Schleberger M. , Wende H. , Tarasevitch A. , Bovensiepen U.
Published: October 2024

We present a table-top setup for x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) based on high harmonic generation (HHG) in noble gases. Using sub-millijoule pump pulses at a central wavelength of 1550 nm, broadband HHG in the range of 70–350 eV was demonstrated. The HHG coherence lengths of several millimeters were achieved by reaching the nonadiabatic regime of harmonic generation. Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy experiments on the boron K edge of a boron foil and a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) 2D material demonstrate the capabilities of the setup. Femtosecond pulse duration makes pump–probe XAS experiments with corresponding time resolution possible.
Hydrodynamic modulation instability triggered by a two-wave system
Authors: He Yuchen , Wang Jinghua , Kibler Bertrand , Chabchoub Amin
Published: October 2024

The modulation instability (MI) is responsible for the disintegration of a regular nonlinear wave train and can lead to strong localizations in the form of rogue waves. This mechanism has been studied in a variety of nonlinear dispersive media, such as hydrodynamics, optics, plasma, mechanical systems, electric transmission lines, and Bose–Einstein condensates, while its impact on applied sciences is steadily growing. It is well-known that the classical MI dynamics can be triggered when a pair of small-amplitude sidebands are excited within a particular frequency range around the main peak frequency. That is, a three-wave system, consisting of the carrier wave together with a pair of unstable sidebands, is usually adopted to initiate the wave focusing process in a numerical or laboratory experiment. Breather solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) revealed that MI can generate much more complex localized structures, beyond the three-wave system initialization approach or by means of a continuous spectrum. In this work, we report an experimental study for deep-water surface gravity waves asserting that a MI process can be triggered by a single unstable sideband only, and thus, initialized from a two-wave process when including the contribution of the peak frequency. The experimental data are validated against fully nonlinear hydrodynamic numerical wave tank simulations and show very good agreement. The long-term evolution of such unstable wave trains shows a distinct shift in the recurrent Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou focusing cycles, which are captured by the NLSE and fully nonlinear hydrodynamic simulations with some distinctions.
Agglomeration phenomenon in graphene/polymer nanocomposites: Reasons, roles, and remedies
Authors: Zeinedini Afshin , Shokrieh Mahmood Mehrdad
Published: October 2024

The addition of low-loading content of nanofillers may improve the material properties of polymer-based nanocomposites. This improvement directly corresponds to the density of well-dispersed nanofillers in the matrix. However, for higher nanofiller loadings, the nanocomposites' material properties not only may not be improved but also may be degraded due to agglomeration. This complex phenomenon, where nanofillers tend to form agglomerates with the enhancement of volume fraction, poses significant challenges in materials science and nanotechnology. It has been proven that agglomerations hinder the performance of the nanocomposites and thwart the unique properties of nanofillers in most aspects. Graphene, one of the most used nanofillers, plays a remarkable role in nanotechnology. Therefore, the key focus of the current review is to provide insight into the impact of agglomeration on the various material properties such as tensile, flexural, fracture, fatigue, thermal, electrical, and barrier characteristics of the polymer nanocomposites reinforced by graphene-based structures. A comprehensive review of the factors leading to the agglomeration of graphene in the nanocomposites was presented. It was concluded that agglomeration could be a barrier to developing polymer-based nanocomposites, and the challenges of controlling the nanofiller agglomerations were discussed in depth, highlighting the issue's complexity.
Predicting p53-dependent cell transitions from thermodynamic models
Authors: Gautam Pankaj , Ciuta Isabella , Teif Vladimir B. , Sinha Sudipta Kumar
Published: October 2024

A cell’s fate involves transitions among its various states, each defined by a distinct gene expression profile governed by the topology of gene regulatory networks, which are affected by 3D genome organization. Here, we develop thermodynamic models to determine the fate of a malignant cell as governed by the tumor suppressor p53 signaling network, taking into account long-range chromatin interactions in the mean-field approximation. The tumor suppressor p53 responds to stress by selectively triggering one of the potential transcription programs that influence many layers of cell signaling. These range from p53 phosphorylation to modulation of its DNA binding affinity, phase separation phenomena, and internal connectivity among cell fate genes. We use the minimum free energy of the system as a fundamental property of biological networks that influences the connection between the gene network topology and the state of the cell. We constructed models based on network topology and equilibrium thermodynamics. Our modeling shows that the binding of phosphorylated p53 to promoters of target genes can have properties of a first order phase transition. We apply our model to cancer cell lines ranging from breast cancer (MCF-7), colon cancer (HCT116), and leukemia (K562), with each one characterized by a specific network topology that determines the cell fate. Our results clarify the biological relevance of these mechanisms and suggest that they represent flexible network designs for switching between developmental decisions.
Evaluation of new Garima data using type-II generalized progressive-hybrid technique and its application to a sodium–sulfur battery
Authors: Alqasem Ohud A. , Abd Elwahab Maysaa Elmahi , Abo-Kasem Osama E. , Elshahhat Ahmed
Published: October 2024

In recent years, several novel modeling applications have been able to better fit complex datasets, and they can provide insights that would not be possible with traditional distributions. A new model developed by mixing the exponential and gamma models, called the Garima model, is discussed in this article. This model exhibits a better behavior fit than exponential and Lindley, among others. When the reliability practitioner wishes to score a specific number of failed units, a generalized progressive-hybrid-censored Type-II technique has been proposed to reduce both the length and expense of a life test. Given the availability of the presented data, the difficulty of estimating the scale parameter and various reliability time aspects of the Garima model is investigated using likelihood and Bayes inferential approaches. In addition, when the Garima parameter is assumed to have gamma density prior, the Markovian-Chain via Monte-Carlo sampler from a symmetric loss is performed to obtain the symmetric Bayes’ infer. Besides the asymptotic confidence intervals, the highest intervals for all unknown subjects are also developed. Simulation comparisons are also carried out, and useful recommendations are provided. A real data application is examined based on genuine datasets from the physical sector to see how the examined approaches may be implemented in real-life situations.
Unlocking amplified magneto-photocurrent using multi-field manipulation in nonfullerene organic bulk heterojunction systems
Authors: Hu Jiaji , Kan Lixuan , Xie Yongchao , Zhang Xiangpeng , Jiang Linze , Li Yang , Li Jing , Zhu Xixiang , Yu Haomiao , Li Jinpeng , Duan Wubiao , Wang Kai
Published: October 2024

An effective manipulation of polaron pairs (PPs) for realizing amplified magneto-photocurrent (AMPC) is of critical importance toward the development of low power consumption and high-performance organic spin-optoelectronic devices, for instance magneto-photo-volatile memories. By far, it is challenging and there is a lack of method to reach AMPC. The typical magneto-photocurrent due to the light–matter interanion is primarily for unveiling the spin-dependent electron–hole dissociation in organic solar cells. Herein, we achieved an AMPC of ∼140% in nonfullerene organic bulk heterojunction systems at room temperature. We found that the amplification can be effectively triggered by a multi-field to a large number of photogenerated PPs at intermediate charge transfer states. We further postulate that, at steady state, they may experience a cyclic photophysical process due to the triplet-exciton polaron interaction. This study paves the way for the realization of AMPC in the organic spin-optoelectronic system.
Methodology for measuring the energy characteristics of two-electrode gas discharge plasma switches in the picosecond range using the reflectometry method
Authors: Ivanov Stepan N. , Lisenkov Vasily V.
Published: October 2024

This research proposes a new technique for measuring the energy characteristics (losses of energy in the spark gap, related to light radiation, ionization, excitation, and heating of the working gas during the development of plasma; discharge power) of two-electrode gas dischargers in the subnanosecond range. The work examines the voltage waveforms across the discharge gas gap and the discharge current waveform obtained by the reflectometry method in the subnanosecond range. To do this, the traditional technique for measuring such characteristics was modified. This allows us to restore the back edge of the voltage pulse across the discharge gap at the breakdown delay and the breakdown stages, which is usually lost in the subnanosecond range when measuring such waveforms. For modification, calculated data on the ionization frequency were used. This allows us to replace the plasma of the discharge gap with a constant resistor in those sections of the voltage waveform where the characteristic ionization time is more than an order of magnitude longer than the duration of the voltage pulse applied to the gap. The waveforms of the voltage across the discharge gap and the discharge current obtained in this way allowed us to calculate the power dynamics and total energy introduced into the gas discharge plasma. These parameters are important both for calculating the efficiency of gas switches and for other applications of gas discharge plasma, in particular laser pumping.
The mechanism of aerodynamic performance enhancement of flapping wings with spanwise active deformation
Authors: Zhang Tongyun , Cao Wei , Ding Yanyi , Wang Cong
Published: October 2024

The single stiffness makes the micro-air vehicles (MAVs) only to show excellent flight performance in a specific flow field environment. The MAVs should have the ability to actively deform to adapt to different application scenarios. This study investigates the effects of spanwise active deformation amplitude (ψmax), phase difference (φP), and Strouhal number (St) on the aerodynamic loads and vortex of a wing through numerical simulations. Under the condition of Re= 1000, numerical simulations were conducted on a rectangular wing with an aspect ratio of 4 during the flapping process. The study reveals that moderate spanwise deformation can increase the thrust of the wing and improve propulsion efficiency (ηP). Within the study's scope, the thrust coefficient increases monotonically and linearly with the deformation, but the propulsion efficiency improves only within a limited parameter range. By observing the vortex under different spanwise deformations and monitoring the forces at different positions of the wing, it was found that active deformation can enhance the strength of the leading-edge vortex (LEV) and the wingtip vortex (TV), thereby enhancing the generation of thrust. The results also indicate that the enhancement of LEV is achieved through the coupling between LEV and secondary vortex. At different Strouhal numbers, improvements in ηP can only be achieved through the combined effects of increased vortex strength and optimal vortex residence time. Additionally, it was observed that at lower St, TV can switch from contributing thrust to causing drag.
Core and valence photoelectron spectroscopy of a series of substituted disulfides
Authors: McGhee H. G. , Totani R. , Plekan O. , Coreno M. , de Simone M. , Mumtaz A. , Singh S. , Schroeder B. C. , Curchod B. F. E. , Ingle R. A.
Published: October 2024

The valence and core photoelectron spectra of three substituted disulfide systems, α-lipoic acid, trans-4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-dithiane, and di-Boc-cystamine, are presented alongside detailed theoretical analysis based on equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles doubles for ionization potentials and the nuclear ensemble approach. A comparison of the linear and five- and six-membered ring cyclic structures reveals that the energetic separation of the non-bonding sulfur orbitals can be used to calculate a reliable estimate of the C–S–S–C dihedral angle, even for substituted disulfides, and that the sulfur 2p, oxygen 1s, and valence band photoelectron spectra are a useful site-specific probe of hydrogen bonding.
Orientation effects on shock-induced plastic deformation in FeNiCoCu high entropy alloy
Authors: Li Pengwei , Xu Chao , Lang Zhe , Hu Ruiheng , Shao Meiyan , Wang Zhexi , Liu Huaping , Liu Chunmei
Published: October 2024

FeNiCoCu high-entropy alloys (HEAs) demonstrate promising potential for widespread use in structural and functional applications. However, a thorough understanding of dynamic deformation processes in FeNiCoCu HEA is limited due to technological constraints in detecting real-time microstructural developments at the atomic level. This study examines the shock-induced plastic deformations in the equiatomic FeNiCoCu HEA, focusing on crystallographic orientation and particle velocity, using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We obtained the P−V/V0, P−T, P−Up, and Us−Up Hugoniot relations and evaluated their anisotropy. The shock velocity, stress, and shear stress exhibit orientation dependence due to the differences in the plastic deformation mechanism. For shock loading along [100] orientations, dislocation dominates at lower shock intensities. However, a phase transition from face-centered-cubic (FCC) to body-centered-cubic becomes the primary plastic deformation at high shock intensity. For shock loading along [112¯] and [111] orientations, the generation of disordered structures and dislocation activities is revealed to play an important role in the development of localized plastic deformation. Moreover, the competition of disordered and hexagonal-close-packed (HCP) atoms is observed. The transition from FCC to disordered atoms provides nucleation sites for dislocations, and the slip of dislocations around disordered atoms leads to the formation of HCP structures. These findings are very helpful for learning the dynamic deformation behavior of FeNCoCu HEA.
Oligomerization-driven avidity correlates with SARS-CoV-2 cellular binding and inhibition
Authors: Asor Roi , Olerinyova Anna , Burnap Sean A. , Kushwah Manish S. , Soltermann Fabian , Rudden Lucas S.P. , Hensen Mario , Vasiljevic Snežana , Brun Juliane , Hill Michelle , Chang Liu , Dejnirattisai Wanwisa , Supasa Piyada , Mongkolsapaya Juthathip , Zhou Daming , Stuart David I. , Screaton Gavin R. , Degiacomi Matteo T. , Zitzmann Nicole , Benesch Justin L. P. , Struwe Weston B. , Kukura Philipp
Published: October 2024

Cellular processes are controlled by the thermodynamics of the underlying biomolecular interactions. Frequently, structural investigations use one monomeric binding partner, while ensemble measurements of binding affinities generally yield one affinity representative of a 1:1 interaction, despite the majority of the proteome consisting of oligomeric proteins. For example, viral entry and inhibition in SARS-CoV-2 involve a trimeric spike surface protein, a dimeric angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cell-surface receptor and dimeric antibodies. Here, we reveal that cooperativity correlates with infectivity and inhibition as opposed to 1:1 binding strength. We show that ACE2 oligomerizes spike more strongly for more infectious variants, while exhibiting weaker 1:1 affinity. Furthermore, we find that antibodies use induced oligomerization both as a primary inhibition mechanism and to enhance the effects of receptor-site blocking. Our results suggest that naive affinity measurements are poor predictors of potency, and introduce an antibody-based inhibition mechanism for oligomeric targets. More generally, they point toward a much broader role of induced oligomerization in controlling biomolecular interactions.