bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Piston Secondary Motion on Lubricating Oil Consumption, Blow-by and Friction
Authors: Sanadhya Kunjan , Nandgaonkar M. , Aghav Yogesh
Published: January 2024

As per pieces of literature, 40 to 60 % of friction losses of Internal combustion engines occur in their piston-piston rings-liner assemblies and, there is a significant supportive role of simulation in improving this assembly. Literature is also available which tells, how changes in pistons affect oil consumption. Thus, piston dynamics is also important for oil consumption. Furthermore, the results from the simulation module of piston movement also serve as a significant input for postprocessing to calculate piston ring dynamics.

This research is conducted to understand the piston secondary motion effect on oil consumption, friction, and blow-by. In this work, the results of ring dynamics and oil consumption simulation modules are studied with consideration and non-consideration of piston secondary motion results. The results like minimum oil film thickness, lubricating oil consumption, friction, friction power loss, and blow-by are investigated. Results indicate that oil throw-off and the top ring oil scraping occur when piston secondary motion is considered. Moreover, with piston secondary motion consideration, there is a significant rise in blow-by gases during the compression stroke and a marginal effect on friction power loss.
Investigation of Real-World Crash Using an Accident Reconstruction Methodology Employing Crash Test Data
Authors: Sharma Sanyam , Chawla Anoop , Mukherjee Sudipto
Published: January 2024

Automotive crash data analysis and reconstruction is vital for ensuring automotive safety. The objective of vehicle crash reconstruction is to determine the vehicle's motion before, during, and after the crash, as well as the impact on occupants in terms of injuries. Simulation approaches, such as PC CrashTM, have been developed to understand pre-crash and post-crash vehicle motion, rather than the crash phase behavior. Over the past few decades, crash phase simulations have utilized vehicle finite element models.

While multibody simulation tools are suitable for crash simulations, they often require detailed crash test data to accurately capture vehicle behavior, which is not always readily available. This paper proposes a solution to this limitation by incorporating crash test data from databases, such as NHTSA, Global NCAP, consumer rating reports, and videos, along with a multibody-based approach, to conduct crash phase simulations.

In this study, multibody vehicle models were created in MADYMOTM and validated using existing vehicle crash test reports. The multibody simulations were further validated against the crash data for a known crash scenario. The impact conditions of the vehicle occupants with the vehicle interior, as obtained from the multibody simulations, were then used in finite element simulations to estimate injuries and compare them with known injury data.

To establish confidence in the proposed method, a vehicle model was developed and validated using detailed crash test data obtained from NHTSA. Subsequently, a real-world crash case from the National automotive sampling system/Crashworthiness data system (NASS/CDS) was simulated, followed by implementation with a crash case from the Delhi-Jaipur highway. The proposed method demonstrated promising results even with limited data availability.

The proposed multibody simulation method emerged as an effective alternative for vehicle crash reconstruction and occupant simulations. It played a crucial role in determining occupant crash conditions, such as occupant velocities and the orientation of impact with interiors. These occupant crash conditions were further utilized to simulate the occupant's impact with the vehicle interior using finite element human body and interior surface models. Injuries to the human body were estimated from these simulations and correlated with known injuries, providing additional confidence in the proposed methodology.
Simulation of Crimping Process for Electrical Contacts to Ensure Structural Integrity of Crimped Joint under Static Loads
Authors: Aher Ravi , More Sandip Raghunath , Demarthon Simon
Published: January 2024

The use of electrical contacts in aerospace applications is crucial, particularly in connectors that transmit signal and power. Crimping is a widely preferred method for joining electrical contacts, as it provides a durable connection and can be easily formed. This process involves applying mechanical load to the contact, inducing permanent deformation in the barrel and wire to create a reliable joint with sufficient wire retention force. This study utilizes commercially available Abaqus software to simulate the crimping process using an explicit solver. The methodology developed for this study correlates FEA and testing for critical quality parameters such as structural integrity, mechanical strength, and joint filling percentage. A four-indenter crimping tool CAD model is utilized to form the permanent joint at the barrel-wire contact interfaces, with displacement boundary conditions applied to the jaws of the tool in accordance with MIL-C-22520/1C standard. The study identifies the parameters affecting the performance of the crimped joint and recommends them for crimping simulations. A demonstration of the crimping process simulation is provided for a barrel contact (EN3155004M2020) and cable size 20 (EN2267-010A 006) American Wire Gauge (AWG). The analysis predicts the mechanical strength quantitatively and percentage filling of the joint qualitatively. The FEA methodology developed in this study is aimed at reducing the overall design cycle time of wire crimped joints.
Thermal Design & Multi-Objective Optimization of On-Board Chargers in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Vadladi Amrutha Lakshmi , Ravikrishna K V S , Gangrade Akashdeep , Tata Srikanth , Jadhav Shantaram
Published: January 2024

For the foreseeable future, On-Board Charging will be a critical feature for all EVs, as it allows greater flexibility when charging vehicles from common power points and dedicated EVSEs. The OBC (On-Board Charger) has no function while the vehicle is moving; at the same time, heavy or large OBC reduces range. So, designers must design OBCs that are both energy efficient and lightweight. In addition to surviving the rigors of the automotive environment, such as heat and vibrations, they must also be cost-competitive. Designing OBCs encapsulating multiple objectives thus becomes a necessity. However, current methods often use the “most important” objective and transform other objectives into constraints that do not truly reflect the tradeoffs among all possible designs. Simulating Multi-Objective Optimization methods allow for an in-depth exploration of the solution and tradeoffs. In this paper, a comprehensive thermal design approach based on modeling, simulation, and testing is proposed to build an optimal OBC. According to the concerns regarding the Thermal Optimization study of in-house 3.3 kW OBC using this framework, the formulation is implemented at the Design Phase to select the right EE and ME architectures.
A General Workflow for Static Failure Criteria and Allowable Defect Size Calculation in Presence of Defects due to Manufacturing Process and Abusive Loads
Authors: Kishore Prateek , Mishra Suraj , Vemula Sai , Puranik Shashank , Jivani Chinmay , Aher Ravi
Published: January 2024

Manufacturing processes such as casting, welding and additive manufacturing (AM) are prone to internal porosity and high surface roughness on the manufactured parts. These defects are inherent in the process and cannot be completely eliminated. Handling, transportation and maintenance of manufactured parts can also lead to defects such as scratches and dents due to abusive loads. The defects can be characterized in a number of ways, assuming they resemble a U-notch or V-notch, elliptical pores, or a continuous distribution of consecutive defects in combination with surface roughness. The designer utilizes existing analytical and empirical equations to predict stress concentration due to presence of various types of defects and compute factor of safety to ensure structural integrity of design subjected to various load cases. The applicability of existing analytical and empirical equations is studied, and modifications are suggested to improve the predictions. The limits of analytical equation to predict stress concentration due to presence of surface roughness is studied. A relation is established between surface roughness amplitude, frequency and the error between analytical equation and finite element analysis. This method quantifies shallowness of surface profile for prediction using analytical equations. A workflow of developed methodology is recommended to estimate allowable defect for different type, location, size, and shape of the defects.
Corrosion Prediction Model for Electrical Components in Automobiles
Authors: Shukrey Sarthak , Yenugu Srinivasa , Shah Srishty , Bernardi Roman
Published: January 2024

Salt Spray Test is being used since 1930’s to accelerate the corrosion testing of materials and to understand the longevity of applied coating. The sample in this kind of test is exposed to a salt mist in a controlled environment and its corrosion resistance is evaluated by measuring the corrosion rate. The Wet-Dry cycle in Salt Spray Test has the ability to simulate the drying and wetting which occurs in real driving scenario, leading to formation of a film of corrosion products which is useful in analyzing the kinetics of electrochemical reaction. Despite the advancement in severity of these tests to understand the atmospheric corrosion phenomena, they still consume time and resources. Secondly, sometimes these kind of tests do not consider into account the effect of Temperature, Humidity and other chemicals in play. Thus, numerical simulation plays a pivotal role in digitalizing the corrosion analysis to a certain extent. It also helps to provide a timesaving, effective, accurate and safe method over traditional testing methods for predicting corrosion behavior and optimizing design and material selection. The aim of this work is to build a simulation prediction system for one of the electrical components of the vehicle. This electrical component qualifies as a critical component for Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) since; it is susceptible to corrosion due to wetting combined with external voltage application. Hence, it becomes imperative to analyze the corrosion hotspots at an early vehicle development stage, based on component shape, size and material configuration. In this work, a corrosion prediction model is developed in COMSOL with right materials, with and without coating, in presence of 5% NaCl solution. A systematic approach has been developed initially for a basic model, which is then applied to the actual component. This study also evaluates different configuration so that this work can be extended to provide corrosion mitigation strategies.
Design Implementation through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis to Reduce Fuel Filling Time in NGVs
Authors: Singh Gaurav Kumar , Kumar Satish , Patil Praveen , Sharma Mukesh
Published: January 2024

In the past few decades CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) fuel growing as an alternate fuel due to its more economically as compared to Gasoline & Diesel fuels by vehicle running cost in both passenger as well as commercial vehicles, additionally it is more environment friendly & safer fuel with respect to gasoline & diesel. At standard temperature & pressure fuel density of Natural Gas (0.7-0.9 kg/m3) is lower than Gasoline (715-780 kg/m3), Diesel (849~959 kg/m3), therefore CNG fuel require higher storage space as compared to Gasoline & Diesel & also it stores at very high pressure (200-250 bar) to further increase the fuel density 180 kg/m3 (at 200 bar) and for 215 kg/m3 (at 250 bar) in CNG cylinders so that max fuel contains in the cylinders and increase the vehicle running range per fuel filling & reduces its fuel filling frequency at filling stations. Therefore to gain max vehicle running range in a single fuel filling, NGVs (Natural Gas powered vehicles) require more numbers of CNG cylinders especially for commercial vehicles (Buses & Trucks) segment to store CNG with its cylinders which is also increase the fuel filling time. So as increase fuel capacity on vehicle it also increase the fuel filling time proportionally & impact indirectly on vehicle running cost in commercial vehicle segments for our valued customers. Therefore in further reduction of fuel filling time for NGVs, through this paper Author presenting design Implementation & correction as per result obtained by Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis for reduction CNG fuel filling time in NGVs.
Unique Optimization Approach of Axle Component and Its Weld Life Improvement
Authors: Wagh Pranav , Sutar Mohan , Nilangekar Abhijit
Published: January 2024

Axles are a prominent part of automotive design. Along with a power transmission and differential system, axles support a vehicle’s weight and road-load reactions. Axles carry different attachments such as brakes and suspensions using brackets. Welds play an important role in design and longevity of bracket assemblies. Welds can be susceptible to fractures caused by intrusions akin to cracks and/or discontinuities, compounded by stress concentration due to weld profile and welding processes. Additionally, the simultaneous optimization of both brackets and welds remains a challenge with limited available methods. While topography or shape optimization techniques can enhance bracket robustness by minimizing compliance as the objective, this approach might inadvertently elevate the likelihood of weld fracture if weld dimensions are not concurrently updated.

In this endeavor, compliance is used to improve weld life without affecting bracket robustness by using the Vertex Morphing optimization technique. Existing weld dimensions are kept intact. Structural Stress Method is one of the widely accepted method available to calculate weld fatigue life using nodal forces. These nodal forces are optimized to achieve a desired improvement. Optimized design demonstrates significant improvement in weld fatigue life without affecting bracket robustness. This method can be used in conjunction with other optimization techniques and can be leveraged in concept design as well.
Development of Duty Cycle for Transmission System Components in a Two-Wheeled Electric Vehicle
Authors: Ganju Shubham , R S Mahenthran , Prasad Sathish Kumar , Balakrishnan Sivakumar
Published: January 2024

Abstract

A two-wheeler is exposed to various dynamic loads transferred from roads and input given by the vehicle prime mover, which leads to the occurrence of torque on the wheel and transmission. Torque generated depends on the terrain and riding pattern of users for the majority, so it becomes important to develop a duty cycle of transmission considering multiple events enabling us to understand the durability standard of the component designed.

The tests performed were on an EV two-wheeler that uses a belt drive transmission. The paper will focus on the following aspects, which cover the customization of the torque cell for the pulley system in the transmission, followed by the testing on different selected terrain conditions and analysis methodology for generating the duty cycle for different systems in transmission of the vehicle. A customized torque cell using strain gauges was developed with locations identified from FEA(finite element analysis) performed on the wheel pulley.

Strain gauge locations are selected such that no other load crosstalks are occurring, throughout the rotation maintaining a similar strain-to-torque ratio. A telemetry system was incorporated, to perform the testing in the rotating component. The tests planned during this process was replicated to a user driveability pattern and high torque-generating conditions.

Multiple trials and events were covered helping the development of the transmission duty cycle. The wheel pulley torque data collection will also be crucial in generating a torque duty cycle for the linked components and belts in the transmission assembly. The duty cycle development of transmission will eventually help in improving the robustness of the two-wheeler electric vehicle under real-world driving conditions and provide better knowledge towards achieving an optimized structure.
Differentiating of Fatigue Durability by Cyclic Loading and Induced Vibration in Structural Component
Authors: Anandh Sudheep , Balakrishnan Sivakumar , Prasad Sathish
Published: January 2024

In the automotive industry two wheeler vehicles are having a huge presence and running in all over the region. Two wheeler vehicles are running in very different terrain conditions and exposed to various input loads from the road. These loads are directly stressing the structure of the product and also additional stresses are generated due to the induced vibration of aggregate components mounted on the same location. Stress on the component will be generated by both of these loads, direct structural deflection and vibrations induced to its structural aggregate components.While we consider to simulate these loads at the component level, a single test methodology is not feasible to capture both modes of loads. Differentiating these loads and stresses from the structural components also required different analysis methods.

The paper focuses on discussing measurement and analysis technique requirements to identify stresses from direct structural deflection loads and loads due to aggregate vibration on the same location. Extracting load and duty cycle for both the conditions are carried out. Different testing methods to simulate these loads in the component level are conducted. So validation on component level conditions are feasible to simulate all types of loads occurring in the product at vehicle level actual operating conditions. This enables proper validation in the component level, before taking the product to vehicle level validation. This shortens the product validation time and provides enormous options to play in product design and value engineering to get the optimized product for the vehicle.
New Generation Front Axle for EV and FCEV Buses
Authors: Salunkhe Amarsinh , Kumar N Ganesh
Published: January 2024

Front axle is one of the major load-carrying members of Heavy Commercial Buses. With the conversion of the Power train from ICE to Battery electric vehicle, there is a marginal increase in front axle weight due to the Electric and Fuel Cell Electric vehicle architecture. This paper describes various methodologies deployed in front axle design to enhance the Axle durability performance, improve vehicle handling, and lower the total cost of ownership. A Lightweight heavy-duty front axle beam has been designed and validated, digitally and at test bench level for a 12m long low floor EV and FCEV Bus used for mass transportation. Also, major components like stub axle, hub, steering arm, tie rod arm, and tie rod assembly are analyzed for strength, durability, fatigue life, and joint analysis. Fatigue behavior is evaluated in differently manufactured components. Also, the strength of the axle beam is compared for different cross sections for weight optimization and durability improvement. The axle is integrated with a hydraulically assisted steering system, Air suspension, and Air Disc brakes.
ePNC Diffusion-Charging Based Particle Number Counting Technology as Alternative to Condensation Particle Counting Based Methods
Authors: Laakkonen Elmeri , Nikka Markus , Lambaerts Peter , Arffman Anssi , Karjalainen Panu , Seifert Philipp , Schwanzer Peter
Published: January 2024

Particle Number (PN) measurement testing has for long been conducted by using Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) based technology. While accurate at low concentrations, CPC has nevertheless several drawbacks for in-field use, such as the use of a working fluid, the need for dilution, the delicate optical components and the sensitivity to contamination. Diffusion Charging (DC) based particle counting technologies have often been disregarded as a valid alternative to CPC based methods due to their intrinsic particle size dependent counting efficiency and lower sensitivity. However, Dekati’s novel ePNC PN technology has brought DC technology to the next level. Due to its patented technology, the Dekati ePNC’s particle counting efficiency is nearly size independent, turning DC as a competing technology for CPC, especially for demanding field applications, such as Periodic Technical Inspection (PTI), Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) for Real Driving Emissions (RDE), and brake and tire wear measurements. These applications require the ability to continuously measure elevated particle concentrations with sufficient accuracy in often harsh environments such as garages or during on-road testing. In this study we will look closer into the ePNC technology and show the results of recent measurement campaigns that prove the suitability of the Dekati ePNC’s DC technology as an alternative to CPC methods. For example, during vehicle type approval style chassis dynamometer measurement ePNC technology was found to produce comparable results against a PMP reference (7% difference in emission factor).
Effectiveness of the Load Legs in Enhancing the Passive Safety of Rear-Facing Child Seats in Frontal Crash
Authors: Thorbole Chandrashekhar
Published: January 2024

The passive safety performance of a child seat is modulated by the design features of the child seat and the vehicle interior. For example, in the rear-facing configuration, the child seat impacting front structures increases the head injury risk during a frontal crash. Therefore, this study evaluates the effectiveness of the load leg countermeasure in improving the child seat's overall kinematics and its capability to prevent the secondary impact on the vehicle interior structure in a severe frontal crash scenario. An in-depth, real-world crash investigation involving a properly installed rear-facing child seat impacting the center console was selected for the study where the infant sustained a severe brain injury. In addition, this crash is employed to choose the crash parameters for evaluating the effectiveness of the load leg countermeasure in a similar scenario.

Finally, crash sled tests are conducted using the crash signature of the vehicle as obtained from the NHTSA NCAP rigid barrier test that matched the severity of the actual crash. With and without load-leg conditions are compared.

The overall kinematics improved with the load leg and prevented the blunt impact between the child seat and the front console and seats. As a result, the Head Injury Criteria were measured below the published IARV compared to the scenario with no load leg. Furthermore, the head injury criteria without the load leg were 123 % higher.

The load leg countermeasure provides an additional load path that improves the overall performance of the rear-facing child seat by keeping it more stable during the crash. Furthermore, the vehicle floor structure provided the required reaction load without damaging or buckling the vehicle floor. This study is limited to the frontal crash scenario without any significant obliquity of the impact.
A Novel Approach to Define and Validate Market Representative Routes for IUPRm Development in India
Authors: Sharma Prashant , Singh Dilbagh , Kumar Amit , Gautam Amit , Khanna Vikram
Published: January 2024

To promote real time monitoring, IUPRm checks has been enforced in India from Apr’23 as a part of BS6-2 regulation. Since IUPRm monitoring is representative of diagnostic frequency in real driving conditions and usage pattern. Therefore, a clear understanding of real-world driving is required to define IUPRm targets. This paper shares methodology and Validation steps for defining IUPR routes for Indian market. Methodology objective is to standardize the market operating conditions over a particular region. Selected Methodology consist of three steps:

For defining IUPR route framework, first step is to have a pre-market survey to know current IUPR status and improvement areas in existing market vehicles. Second step is to define market representative localized on road routes based on the finding of Pre-market survey. Third step is to validate defined IUPR routes and correlate the output in reference to coverage of market operating conditions.

Routes definition (Step 2) starts with organizing customer survey to capture real driving inputs like Average trip mileage, route traffic density, driving style etc. Based on survey inputs, prospective routes should be shortlisted as per route selection criteria and further based on drive pattern analysis, performed on ECU log data collected over prospective routes, route finalization can be done.

For Validation of defined IUPR routes (Step 3), Post market survey can be conducted in which market data of the models developed on IUPR methodology should be collected and general metrics like Average IUPR, Gen. Denominator trend, demographical variations etc. can be analyzed. From post market survey, correlation of average IUPR and other metrics defined above, can be done to verify whether development over defined routes cover all major conditions of target market or not.

With this study, robust IUPR routes can be framed which will help the function development team in evaluating IUPRm in upcoming passenger cars.
Active-Learning Method: An Effective Way to Generate Ground Truth Data to Test & Validate ADAS Function Development
Authors: Katariya Rashmi , Kumari Anita
Published: January 2024

Machine learning exerts a significant influence on the autonomous driving industry, enabling the development of self-driving vehicles. However, the performance of these models heavily relies on the quality and diversity of the training data. In situations where valid data is scarce, models struggle to make informed decisions. To address this obstacle, active learning methodologies are utilized for the purpose of choosing the most informative data frames from an extensive reservoir of unlabeled data. Uncertainty scores are calculated using methods like Least Confident and Entropy-based sampling, and frames with high uncertainty scores are manually annotated and added to the training dataset. This iterative process improves the model’s performance over time. This research study centers on assessing the application of active learning in diminishing the manual labor needed for data labeling through the selection of frames containing valuable information. A pre-trained YOLOv3 model is utilized to calculate confidence values for detected objects in each frame. The frames with the highest informativeness measures, determined through Least Confident and Entropy-based sampling strategies, are chosen for manual labeling. The labeled data is then used to train YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 models for label prediction. This study achieves an accuracy of 80% in 10 iterations using the Least Confident sampling strategy, and an accuracy of 73% in 10 iterations using the Entropy-based sampling strategy for YOLOv5 models. For YOLOv8, an accuracy achieved is 57% in 6 iterations using the Least Confident sampling strategy, and an accuracy of 52% in 6 iterations using the Entropy-based sampling strategy. The paper concludes by highlighting open problems in the field and suggesting future research directions.
Investigation of Synchronizer Ring Failure in a Commercial Vehicle Transmission
Authors: Jamadade Gajanan , K Barathi Raja , Chatterjee Soumik
Published: January 2024

The commercial vehicles market is dominated by manual transmission, due to lower ownership cost. Generally, commercial vehicles are used in large numbers by the fleet owners. The transmission endurance life is very important to a vehicle owner. On the other hand, driver fatigue can be reduced with a smooth gear change process. The gear change process in a manual transmission is carried out with the help of the synchronizer pack. The crucial function of a synchronizer pack in an automotive transmission is to match the speed of the target gear for smooth gear shifting. In a transmission, the loose and the weakest part is the synchronizer ring. The failure of the synchronizer affects smooth gear shifting and it also affects the endurance life of the transmission. The synchronizer ring can fail due to poor structural strength, synchronizer liner wear, synchronizer liner burning, etc. The synchronizer liner burning is very difficult to analyze since the liner wear pattern is very uneven and the liner surfaces are burnt. The investigation has to be carried out in a multidirectional way to find the root cause of this type of failure. This paper focuses on the failure investigation of the synchronizer ring due to burning.
Menumbuhkan Minat Belajar Sains Biologi dengan Bantuan Media Pembelajaran Animasi Macromedia Flash: Studi Quasi Eksperimen
Authors: Ciuda Ririn Rostanti
Published: January 2024

Applying interesting learning through the help of media is a way to stimulate students' interest in learning. However, it is very rare to find research that explores students' learning interests. This study aims to investigate the effect of using macromediaflash on students' learning interest. A quasi-experimental design with a control group and an experimental group was used. A total of 44 junior high school students aged 11 to 13 years participated in this study. They were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group which received learning treatment with the help of macromedia flash (experimental) and the control group received treatment with conventional strategies without the help of media. Interest in learning data obtained through a questionnaire and analyzed by t-test. The findings of this study indicate that students in the experimental class who are exposed to fun learning with the help of macromedia flash get a higher learning interest score compared to students in the control class without the help of media. The findings of this study reveal that the use of macromedia flash in learning can be an effective way to increase students' interest in learning
ETNOBOTANI TANAMAN OBAT UNTUK PENGOBATAN PENYAKIT KULIT OLEH MASYARAKAT DI KELURAHAN SASA KECAMATAN TERNATE SELATAN
Authors: Umagap Wirda Az , Laisouw Ruslan
Published: January 2024

Ethnobotany is a field that studies how people in an area use various types of plants, one of which is for traditional medicine. This treatment is usually used traditionally in Indonesia, such as ointment, but no cure has been found. Sufferers ultimately decide to seek more scientific alternative medicine, which is usually known as traditional medicine, even though they continue to experience pain. treatment carried out by people who have skin diseases and use this plant to treat their skin diseases. This research aims to determine the ethnobotany of medicinal plants in the treatment of skin diseases by the community in Sasa sub-district, South Ternate District. This type of research is exploratory or exploratory descriptive research using survey, interview or questionnaire methods conducted in the Sasa sub-district, South Ternate District. The results of the research show that in Sasa sub-district there are 15 types of plants from 11 families that can be used as medicine for skin diseases. In the interview, the processing method was to mash, cut, and then apply the affected area. Seeds, rhizomes, leaves, fruit, stems and flowers are the parts of the plant used..Keywords : Etnobotani, Tanaman Obat, Penyakit Kulit
Module Based on Metacognitive Strategies to Reduce Misconceptions on Salt Hydrolysis Material
Authors: Rohmah Datin Mufidhatur , Yuliani  , Azizah Utiya
Published: January 2024

The use of modules allows students to learn independently according to their abilities and interests, but it can also develop the ability to interact directly with the environment and other learning resources. This study aims to produce a module based on metacognitive strategies to reduce misconceptions on salt hydrolysis material. This research is a Research and Development by adapting the research and development stages modified by Sukmadinata with one group pretest-posttest design which is treated with a limited trial sample of 20 students of class XI MIPA at SMAN 1 Lamongan. The research instrument used was students' conception test sheets given before and after learning with the number of items, namely 5 reasoned multiple-choice questions accompanied by CRI (Certainty of Response Index). The results showed that in the concept of the hydrolysis reaction there was a change in misconception (MK) to know the concept (TK) by 74%, to not know the concept (TTK) by 0%, and still have a misconception (MK) by 26%. In the concept of salt solution pH there is a shift to TK, TTK, and MK respectively by 50%, 0%, and 50%. Thus, it can be concluded that modules based on metacognitive strategies can reduce misconceptions about the concept of hydrolysis reactions by 74% and about the concept of pH of salt solutions by 50%.
Polygamy, Policy and Postcolonialism in English Marriage Law
Authors: Naqvi Zainab Batul
Published: January 2024

Using a critical postcolonial feminist lens, this book provides a contextualised exploration of English legal responses to polygamy.
Navigating the Local
Authors: Leonardsson Hanna
Published: January 2024

Covering three Lebanese municipalities with striking sectarian diversity, Saida, Bourj Hammoud and Tyre, this book investigates the ways in which local service delivery, local interactions and vertical relationships matter in building peace.
Alternative Societies
Authors: Martell Luke
Published: January 2024

Bringing together a wide range of approaches and new strands of economic and social thinking from across the US, Asia, Mexico, Latin America, Europe, Middle East and Africa, this book critically assesses the alternatives to capitalism, learning lessons from them and shows the ways forward with a convincing argument of pluralist socialism.
Pengaruh Latihan Circuit Training Terhadap Tingkat Vo2max Atlet Sepakbola Pelajar
Authors: Amar Ma'ruf  , Didik Rilastiyo Budi  , Panuwun Joko Nurcahyo  , Kusnandar  , Muhamad Syafei  , Septi Mariasari
Published: January 2024

Sepakbola merupakan permainan beregu dengan tujuan untuk mencetak gol sebanyak-banyaknya ke gawang lawan. Waktu normal permainan sepakbola adalah 2x45 menit bahkan bisa lebih apabila dilakukan babak extra time selama 2x15 menit jika skor masing imbang. Untuk itu maka pemain sepakbola harus mempunyai daya tahan VO2Max yang baik. Salah satu metode latihan untuk dapat melatih VO2Max yaitu dengan circuit training. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode latihan circuit training yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan circuit training terhadap tingkat VO2Max peserta ekstrakurikuler sepakbola SMP Negeri 1 Baturraden. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian two group pretest and posttest design. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan diperoleh 48 responden yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok menggunakan teknik ordinal pairing. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil Penelitian: Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon,  nilai asymp. sig. (2-tailed) kelompok treatment sebesar 0,000 dan kelompok kontrol memperoleh nilai asymp. sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,347. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh dari latihan circuit training terhadap tingkat VO2Max peserta ekstrakurikuler sepakbola SMP Negeri 1 Baturraden. Selain itu, berdasarkan hasil rerata pretest dan posttest kelompok kontrol mengalami peningkatan namun tidak signifikan
Analisis Perbedaan Obyek Wisata Berbasis Alami dan Budaya Terhadap Partisipasi Turis Mancanegara
Authors: Arya T Candra  , Moh. Agung Setiabudi
Published: January 2024

Pariwisata adalah suatu perjalanan yang dilakukan dengan tujuan rekreasi kesuatu tempat yang memiliki potensi yang dapat dinikmati.  Peran olahraga yang dilakukan di tempat wisata dapat menarik datangnya wisatawan atau mempengaruhi keterlibatan dalam aktivitas olahraga yang dilakukan di tempat wisata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis partisipasi turis domestik dan mancanegara berdasarkan jenis kategori daya tarik wisata olahraga alami dan budaya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif komparatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan jumlah sampel 100 orang dengan klasifikasi 50 di wisata alami dan 50 di wisata budaya. Adapun instrumen penelitian yang digunakan ini meliputi observasi, angket, serta dokumentasi. Hasil analisis data perbedaan tingkat partisipasi olahraga turis mancanegara berdasarkan nilai frekuensi dan presentase yaitu pada wisata alami kawah ijen masuk kategori “baik” dengan frekuensi 35 orang atau 70%. Sedangkan pada wisata budaya kemiren masuk dalam kategori “baik” dengan frekuensi 22 orang atau 44%.
Impressionable Impressions: Believing, Existing, Feeling
Authors: sun prOphecy
Published: January 2024

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Analysis of Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment (CDA) in Differentiated Learning on English Subject Phase D
Authors: Ekayati Rini , Meisuri M.
Published: January 2024

This article presents a meticulous examination of Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment (CDA) in the context of Phase D differentiated learning, with a specific emphasis on English subjects. The study investigates the practice of diagnostic assessment in differentiated learning in Phase D English diagnostic courses and evaluate the challenges teachers face in implementing cognitive diagnostic assessment in differentiated learning. Through a qualitative inquiry, the research administrated questioner and an interview by involving 3 (three) English teacher at the seventh-grade students as the techniques of collecting data, and further analyzed the data by conducting data coding, interpretation, and triangulation.  The study concluded that the practice of CDA was based on their prior knowledge of the assessment, and their believe that cognitive diagnostic assessment needs to be conducted in the differentiated learning on English subject phase D. Further, the assessment is distributed by using rubrics and checklist diagnostic tools, and rely on observation method. The respondent believed that CDA strongly informs their differentiated instructional practice and see moderate impact on their instructional practice in conducting it, and they need support from the institution to strengthen their capability in conducting CDA. Related to the challenging of CDA, the most challenges aspects are in struggling with time limitations in implementing CDA, dealing with student reluctance or opposition, interpreting assessment outcomes, and training on cognitive diagnostic tools.
COMPUTER AIDED FUZZY CONTROL CHARTS FOR EVALUATING AND ANALYZING VARIABLE DATA
Authors:   M.Sc. Student, Mechanical Engineering Department, The University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Jabbar Reyam Raheem , Alkhafaji Ahmed Abdulrasool Ahmed ,   Professor of Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, The University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: January 2024

One of the limitations of fuzzy control charts is the complexity of their mathematical relations, and there is no software built to draw and analyze the fuzzy control charts. This research presents a visual presentation of fuzzy control charts for variables ( , , I-MR), using an integrated program built by MATLAB20 to draw and analyze fuzzy control charts, A real case study was conducted of data collected from the Al-Numan factory for a plastic connecter product. The number of attempts to reach the approved control limits was less in the fuzzy charts, as well as the number of deleted samples in the fuzzy charts was less. It was also noted that the process capability indicators decreased after data fuzzing, they were equal to (3.049) and became equal to (3.013) after fuzzing. This is due to the increase in the standard deviation of the process.
The Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Sport and Change-Event on Athlete Performance
Authors:   DNA Research Center, University of Babylon, Iraq, Abdulazeem Lubna , jasim Maryam muwafaq ,   College of Hammurabi medicine, University of Babylon, Iraq, Abd-Alameer Safa M. Dyaa ,   DNA Research Center, University of Babylon, Iraq
Published: January 2024

The study aims to investigate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on sports, its industry and competitions, and its impact on the psychological state of athletes and sports fans. After the world suffered from the spread of the Corona pandemic “Covid 19” and its various effects on humans, as it was classified by the World Health Organization as one of the pandemic diseases that spread quickly, widely and rapidly and that led to human losses. Covid 19 led to the adoption of a set of health measures, the most important of which was quarantine as a preventive measure aimed at limiting the spread of infection, and this led to huge losses in global markets, the energy sector, the economy, tourism and entertainment. The sports field was not excluded from these repercussions, as it is an important sector on the economic, sports and social levels, the sports sector has been particularly affected by the Covid -19 crisis in a way we have not seen before, with all physical activities, face-to-face, and all team sports suddenly being restricted indefinitely in many countries. And this change is significant for most male and female athletes professionals and non-professionals competing in various tournaments, and as a result, sports organizations have had to restructure themselves to provide a service to their users. The coronavirus pandemic has caused the biggest disruption to the global sporting calendar since World War II worldwide with varying degrees of postponement of sporting events so that spectators do not have matches to watch and players do not have matches to play. Turkmenistan, Belarus, Nicaragua, and Tajikistan are among the countries that have continued to hold professional sports contests as scheduled. The Arctic Winter Games have been canceled for 2020, whereas the ASEAN Olympic Games have been rescheduled for 2020.
PENGARUH KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, KNOWLEDGE SHARING, INDIVIDUAL INNOVATION CAPABILITY TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT PLN (PERSERO) BULULAWANG
Authors: Nur Azizah Rohimah  , Arien Anjar Puspitosari Suharso  , Andi Nu Graha
Published: January 2024

This inquire about points to analyze the impact of information administration, information sharing, and person advancement capability on worker execution at PT.PLN (Persero) Bululawang. The populace in this consider comprises of 52 changeless representatives. The test was decided utilizing immersion examining method, and information examination was conducted utilizing SPSS with numerous direct relapse strategy. The results of this research show that simultaneously, knowledge sharing, knowledge management, and individual innovation capability have a significant and positive impact on employee performance. Additionally, the partial results indicate that knowledge management has a significant dan positive effect on employee performance, knowledge sharing has a significant and positive effect on employee performance, and individual innovation capability has a significant and positive effect on employee performance.

Keywords : Performance, Knowledge Management, Knowledge Sharing, Individual Innovation Capability
A Aplikasi Pengenalan Koleksi Museum Dirgantara Mandala Yogyakarta Menggunakan Augmented Reality
Authors: Prihantoro Wisnu , Aji Adam Sekti
Published: January 2024

Museum Dirgantara Mandala Yogyakarta adalah museum yang berisikan benda-benda koleksi bersejarah, Sebagian besarnya berupa pesawat terbang. Museum ini sebelumnya berada di Jakarta dan diresmikan pada tanggal 4 April 1969 lalu dipindahkan ke Yogyakarta pada tanggal 29 Juli 1978. Museum Dirgantara Mandala Yogyakarta mendokumentasikan segala peristiwa bersejarah dalam bertumbuhnya TNI Angkatan Udara serta terdapat nilai-nilai luhur perjuangan 1945 yang bisa diwariskan kepada generasi  muda saat ini. Dalam merancang dan membuat aplikasi Augmanted Reality (AR) dengan menggunakan metode Marker Based, marker sebagai pemicu kamera untuk memunculkan objek 3D dan informasi Sejarah yang relevan merupakan tujuan dari penelitian ini. Dalam penilitian ini diharapkan menghasilkan sebuah aplikasi yang interaktif dan informatif bagi para pengunjung museum dan meningkatkan pemahaman tentang koleksi sejarah Museum Dirgantara Mandala Yogyakarta.
Learning opportunities for further career development and enhancement of seagoing professionals: A South African perspective
Authors: Pourzanjani Malek , Hamukuaya Hashali , Mugabe Tanaka
Published: January 2024

Maritime education and training (MET) institutions have experienced major changes in their structure, and provision of services over the past four decades. These changes have come about partly due to national and international requirements concerning the seafarers’ standards of competence and partly due to financial regimes under which these institutions are funded, forcing them to diversify into other areas and activities, such as consultancy, research, shore-based training programmes and mergers with larger Institutions. Today’s seafarer is also markedly different to those who went to sea some 30 years ago. The differences in seafarers’ attitude and approach to a seafaring career manifest in a desire to spend less time at sea and treat this as a steppingstone in their working life career. This is true for developed nations, and is more and more becoming the norm, even for the developing countries. With above in mind, one can argue that MET institutions have an excellent opportunity to provide a range of programmes and bitesize courses that can be undertaken by seafarers to prepare them for the next stage of their career. Distance learning and web-based programmes are now commonplace in many institutions, including MET institutions, especially after the recent pandemic and long periods of lockdown. This paper will discuss some of the issues involved in web-based and distance learning, and use a leading global provider of distance learning education to highlight some of the possible opportunities for South Africa as a case study.
Maritime education and training – responding to the changing role of the seafarer
Authors: Mojafi Tebogo A
Published: January 2024

Maritime transport carries more than two-thirds of the world’s total cargo and plays an important role in the sustainable development of the global economy. As a derivate of trade, the shipping industry allows citizens of the world to trade and people to gain meaningful employment. According to the 2021 BIMCO ICS Seafarer Workforce Report, there are about 74 000 vessels in the world merchant fleet, employing a total of 1.9 million seafarers (UNCTAD, 2021; Tang and Zhang, 2021). Abidin and Ismail sum the relationship between seafarer and ships by indicating that seafarers play a critical role in facilitating trade, whereas shipping is a critical element in the promotion of international cooperation. Like other industries, shipping is also impacted by changing developments around the world. The dawn of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) brings about challenges concerning how the industry ensures that tomorrow’s seafarers have the necessary skills to ensure efficiency of the maritime industry. With the changing technologies, Emad, Enshaei and Ghosh caution against simply focusing on the development of technology and forgetting about getting the seafarers ready for the future maritime landscape. Over time, the role of the seafarer has changed, requiring the shipping industry to devise strategies aimed at developing seafarer skills and competencies. Acomi and Acomi found that maritime and offshore oil and gas graduates lacked some of the expected competencies including soft skills and industry experience. Whereas, the BIMCO Workforce Report6 estimates seafarer shortages, there are still many seafarers who are still battling to find employment. How should the country manage its seafarer development programme to ensure South African seafarer relevance into the future? This paper explores how the maritime industry should respond to the changing role of the seafarer. It establishes the challenges faced by South African seafarers regarding placement and explores the role of education and training in addressing the competitiveness of the seafarers.