bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation in the Series of Cyclobutanedicarboxylic Acids. Part 8. Synthesis and Curare Like Activity of Bis Quaternary Salts of α‐Truxillic Acid ω‐Dialkylaminoal‐kylamides.
Authors: ARENDARUK A. P. , ABRAMOVA N. A. , SKOLDINOV A. P. , KHARKEVICH D. A.
Published: May 2016

Die teilweise bereits früher aus Truxillsäuredichlorid (I) und den Dialkylaminoalkylaminen (II) dargestellten Truxillsäurederivate (III) werden mit Ethyliodid zu den Salzen (IV) quaterniert.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Ethynyltrifluoromethylfurans and Their Polymerization.
Authors: OKANO T. , UEDA T. , ITO K. , KODAIRA K. , HOSOKAWA K. , MURAMATSU H.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Trifluormethyl‐substituierten Furanen (I) bzw. (V) werden nach Lithiierung durch Umsetzung mit dem 1,1‐Dichlor‐2,2‐difluorethylen (II) die Vinylfurane (III) und (IV) bzw. (VI) erhalten. Die thermisch durch γ‐Strahlung oder durch O2 induzierten Polymerisationsreaktionen von (III), (IV) und (VI) werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexes in Organic Synthesis. Preparation of α‐(1‐Adamantyl)‐β‐dicarbonyl Compounds and 4‐(1‐Adamantyl)‐3,5‐disubstituted Pyrazoles and Isoxazoles.
Authors: GONZALEZ A. , MARQUET J. , MORENO‐MANAS M.
Published: May 2016

Adamantyl substituted heterocycles have anticancer and antiviral properties.
ChemInform Abstract: A Selective Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 1,1′‐Methylene‐bisdiazoles by Solid‐Liquid Phase Transfer Catalysis.
Authors: JULIA S. , MARTINEZ‐MARTORELL C. , ELGUERO J.
Published: May 2016

Die aus den Pyrazolen (I) bzw. Benzimidazolen (IV) gemäß Schema zugänglichen N‐Chlormethyl‐Derivate (III) bzw. (VIb) reagieren mit den Diazolen (VII) bzw. (IVb) unter Phasen‐Transfer‐Katalyse zu den Methylen‐ bis‐diazolen (VIII) bzw. (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nα‐(2‐Naphthylsulfonylglycyl)‐4‐aminomethyl‐ and ‐4‐aminophenylalaninpiperidide as Thrombin Inhibitors.
Authors: HORN H. , WAGNER G.
Published: May 2016

Das Sulfonylglycylchlorid (I) liefert mit Nitrophenylalanin (II) das Amid (III), das mit Chlorameisensäureester (IV) und Piperidin (V) zu dem Piperidid (VI) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of 5‐Acylamino‐2,2‐dialkyl‐4‐oxo‐1,3‐dioxanes: A Cyclic System Enabling Simultaneous Protection of Hydroxyl and Carboxyl Functions in α‐Hydroxymethyl‐α‐amino Acids.
Authors: KAMINSKI Z. J. , LEPLAWY M. T.
Published: May 2016

The dioxane derivatives (III) are prepared from the α‐alkylserines (I) and the aliphatic acetals (II) in the presence of acids.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Phenyl‐N‐(α‐phenylphenacyl)oxamoyl Chloride in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Preparation of Imidazo[1,2‐d]‐1,2,4‐triazine Derivatives.
Authors: MOLINA P. , TARRAGA A. , LIDON M. J.
Published: May 2016

Oxamoyl Chloride (II), which is easily obtained from the aniline (I) and oxalyl Chloride, forms the triazine derivatives (IV) on reaction with the amidrazones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 7‐Alkyl‐2,3,6,7‐tetrahydro‐4‐alkyl‐2‐oxo‐1H‐1,3‐diazepine‐5‐carboxylates by Ring Expansion Nucleophilic Addition.
Authors: CLAREMON D. A. , ROSENTHAL S. A.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the pyrimidine derivatives (I) with the Grignard reagents (II) proceeds under ring expansion and nucleophilic addition to yield the title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated Polysiloxanes. Part 2. Addition of Fluorinated Thiols to Unsaturated Silanes.
Authors: BOUTEVIN B. , PIETRASANTA Y. , SARRAF L.
Published: May 2016

Die radikalisch initiierte Reaktion des Polyfluoralkylthiols (I) mit den Vinyl‐ und Alkenylsilanen (II) liefert die Additionsprodukte (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of a Novel Bimetallic Bis(η5‐dicarbollide) Aluminum Sandwich Complex.
Authors: REES W. S. JUN. , SCHUBERT D. M. , KNOBLER C. B. , HAWTHORNE M. F.
Published: May 2016

A benzene solution of (I) leads by a CO‐catalyzed reaction to the novel air‐sensitive, crystalline aluminacarborane sandwich complex (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrido Methylidene, Hydrido Vinylidene, Hydrido Oxo, and Hydrido Formaldehyde Derivatives of Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)tantalum.
Authors: VAN ASSELT A. , BURGER B. J. , GIBSON V. C. , BERCAW J. E.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the dichloride (I) with two equiv. MeLi affords the hydrido methylidene derivative (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Probes of the Electronic Matrix Element Contributions to Bimolecular Reactions. The Electronic Energy Transfer Reactions of (2E)‐Chromium(IIl)‐Poly‐pyridyl Complexes with Transition‐Metal Acceptors.
Authors: ENDICOTT J. F. , TAMILARASAN R. , BRUBAKER G. R.
Published: May 2016

The rates have been determined for quenching of the title Cr complexes (polypyridyl: 1,10‐phenanthroline and its derivatives) by a variety of Co (III) amine complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation and Reactions of Carbanions in the Presence of a Neighboring η3‐Allyl‐Mo(CO)2Cp Moiety. A Novel Rearrangement Suggesting Participation of Mo in Carbanion Stabilization.
Authors: PEARSON A. J. , HOLDEN M. S. , SIMPSON R. D.
Published: May 2016

The allyl bromide (I) is converted to the Mo‐complexes (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Observations on the Formation of HFe3(CO)11‐ on Hydroxylated γ‐Al2O3.
Authors: HANSON B. E. , BERGMEISTER J. J. III , PETTY J. T. , CONNAWAY M. C.
Published: May 2016

Hydrocarbon solutions of Fe3(CO)12 are adsorbed on hydroxylated γ‐Al2O3.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Addition of Quinones to Planar Cobalt(II) Dithiolato, Dithioacetylacetonato and Schiff‐base Complexes.
Authors: HARTL F. , VLCEK A. JUN.
Published: May 2016

The reactivity of the o‐ and p‐quinones (II) and(IV) with various four‐coordinated planar Co(II) complexes (I) is investigated by means of ESR and UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Coreceptor Molecules. Synthesis of Metalloreceptors Containing Porphyrin Subunits and Formation of Mixed Substrate Supermolecules by Binding of Organic Substrates and of Metal Ions.
Authors: HAMILTON A. , LEHN J.‐M. , SESSLER J. L.
Published: May 2016

The condensation of the porphyrin diesters (I) with the biphenylene‐bridged bis‐macrocycle (II) (preparation described) led to the tetraamides (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: A Metal‐Centered Radical‐Pair Mechanism for Alkyne Hydrogenation with a Binuclear Rhodium Hydride Complex. CIDNP without Organic Radicals.
Authors: HOMMELTOFT S. I. , BERRY D. H. , EISENBERG R.
Published: May 2016

Complex (I)reacts rapidly with phenylacetylene (II) in C6D6 under H2 to give styrene (IV) and a complex (III), which slowly converts to the more stable isomer containing μ2,η2‐alkyne bridge.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of L‐Glutamic Acid Stereospecifically Labelled at C‐4 with Tritium: Stereochemistry of Tritium Release Catalyzed by the Vitamin K‐Dependent Carboxylase in the Absence of Carboxylation.
Authors: DUCROCQ C. , RIGHINI‐TAPIE A. , AZERAD R. , GREEN J. F. , FRIEDMAN P. A. , BEAUCOURT J.‐P. , ROUSSEAU B.
Published: May 2016

The isomeric halogen esters (III) and (IV) (separable mixture) are prepared from the racemic mesylate (I). However, only the tritiated isomer (Va) can be satisfactorily obtained using (IV); when (III) is used, a mixture of (Va) and its isomer (Vb) is obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Deoxy‐5‐fluoro‐D‐glucofuranose and ‐L‐idofuranose Synthesis and NMR Studies.
Authors: ALBERT R. , DAX K. , SEIDL S. , STERK H. , STUETZ A. E. +
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von dem Lacton (Ia) wird über das Triflat (Ib) durch nucleophile Substitution die Fluorverbindung (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Podophyllum Lignans: An Exploratory Study.
Authors: VAN DER EYCKEN J. , DE CLERCQ P. , VANDEWALLE M.
Published: May 2016

On the basis of stereochemical considerations, the compound (IXb) seems to be an appropriate precursor for the podophyllotoxin system (I) because the cis‐substituted dioxane ring could be an essential stereocontrolling element.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on β‐Lactam Antibiotics for Medicinal Purpose. Part 18. Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relationships of 7β‐[(Z)‐2‐(2‐Aminothiazol‐4‐yl)‐2‐methoxyiminoacetamido]‐3‐substituted Methyl‐3‐cephem‐4‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: SADAKI H. , IMAIZUMI H. , INABA T. , HIRAKAWA T. , MUROTANI Y. , WATANABE Y. , MINAMI S. , SAIKAWA I.
Published: May 2016

Aus der Thiazolcarbonsäure (I) werden mit den β‐Lactamen (II) nach mehreren Verfahrensvarianten die Cephalosporine (III) hergestellt.
Numerische Simulationen der katalytischen Methanisierung von CO2 in einem pseudo‐homogenen Strömungsrohr
Authors: Ghaib Karim
Published: May 2016

Power‐to‐Gas ist eine attraktive Option zur Speicherung der Stromüberschüsse aus fluktuierenden erneuerbaren Energiequellen. Das Konzept gewann in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung. Ein wesentlicher Teil der Prozesskette des Power‐to‐Gas ist die katalytische Methanisierung von CO2. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird die katalytische Methanisierung von reinem CO2 und von Biogas in einem dreidimensionalen polytropen pseudo‐homogenen Strömungsrohr modelliert und bei verschiedenen Lasten numerisch simuliert. Die Ergebnisse stellen axiale sowie radiale quantitative Informationen über das Reaktionsverhalten unter den verschiedenen Randbedingungen dar.
Filling the gaps in knowledge and treatments for sexual health in young adult male cancer survivors
Authors: Syrjala Karen L.
Published: May 2016

Male survivors of childhood cancer will spend their entire adult lives with the late effects of treatment on their sexual health. A valuable article in this issue makes it clear that the sexual difficulties in these survivors, who most often are treated for hematologic malignancies like acute lymphoblastic leukemia, differ from those in men who are treated for prostate or testicular cancer, and their sexual function treatments must be adapted to fit those needs.

See also pages 2268–76.
Changes in the survival of older patients with hematologic malignancies in the early 21st century
Authors: Pulte Dianne , Jansen Lina , Castro Felipe A. , Brenner Hermann
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Survival for patients with hematologic malignancies has improved during the early 21st century. However, it is unclear whether older patients have benefited to the same extent as younger patients. This study examines changes in survival for older patients with the 7 most common hematologic malignancies.

METHODS

Period analysis was used to examine survival for patients who were 65 years old or older and were diagnosed with a common hematologic malignancy between 1992 and 2012 with data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

RESULTS

Five‐year relative survival increased for older patients with hematologic malignancies with the partial exception of acute myelogenous leukemia, for which no change in survival was seen for patients who were 75 years old or older. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, including the oldest patients, had especially strong improvements, with increases in 5‐year relative survival for patients who were 85 years old or older of 31.5% and 39.6%, respectively, between 1997‐2000 and 2009‐2012.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite these increases, survival rates did not reach those observed for patients aged 50 to 59 years for any hematologic malignancy. Newer therapies and a better understanding of how to treat older patients have led to increased survival expectations for older patients with most hematologic malignancies, but an age‐related survival disparity persists. Cancer 2016;122:2031–40. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for “biopsy‐only” glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Kole Adam J. , Park Henry S. , Yeboa Debra N. , Rutter Charles E. , Corso Christopher D. , Aneja Sanjay , Lester‐Coll Nataniel H. , Mancini Brandon R. , Knisely Jonathan P. , Yu James B.
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Combined temozolomide and radiotherapy (RT) is the standard postoperative therapy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the clearest benefit of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) observed in clinical trials has been among patients who undergo surgical resection. Whether the improved survival with CRT extends to patients who undergo “biopsy only” is less certain. The authors compared overall survival (OS) in a national cohort of patients with GBM who underwent biopsy and received either RT alone or CRT during the temozolomide era.

METHODS

The US National Cancer Data Base was used to identify patients with histologically confirmed, biopsy‐only GBM who received either RT alone or CRT from 2006 through 2011. Demographic and clinicopathologic predictors of treatment were analyzed using the chi‐square test, the t test, and multivariable logistic regression. OS was evaluated using the log‐rank test, multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression, and propensity score‐matched analysis.

RESULTS

In total, 1479 patients with biopsy‐only GBM were included, among whom 154 (10.4%) received RT alone and 1325 (89.6%) received CRT. The median age at diagnosis was 61 years. CRT was associated with a significant OS benefit compared with RT alone (median, 9.2 vs 5.6 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54‐0.76; P < .001). CRT was independently associated with improved OS compared with RT alone on multivariable analysis (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.60‐0.85; P < .001). A significant OS benefit for CRT persisted in a propensity score‐matched analysis (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56‐0.93; P = .009).

CONCLUSIONS

The current data suggest that CRT significantly improves OS in patients with GBM who undergo biopsy only compared with RT alone and should remain the standard of care for patients who can tolerate therapy. Cancer 2016;122:2364–2370. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Open‐Label, Randomized, 6‐Way Crossover, Single‐Dose Study to Determine the Pharmacokinetics of Batefenterol (GSK961081) and Fluticasone Furoate When Administered Alone or in Combination
Authors: Ambery Claire , Riddell Kylie , Daley‐Yates Peter
Published: May 2016

To investigate the pharmacokinetics of inhaled batefenterol (BAT) and fluticasone furoate (FF) given alone or in combination via ELLIPTA® dry powder inhaler (DPI‐E), and BAT monotherapy via DISKUS® DPI (DPI‐D). In this open‐label, 6‐way crossover study, 48 healthy subjects were randomized to 1 of 6 treatment sequences, comprising 6 single‐dose treatment regimens: (1) BAT 1200 μg via DPI‐D; (2) BAT 1200 μg via DPI‐E without a lactose‐filled second strip; (3) BAT 1200 μg via DPI‐E with a lactose‐filled second strip; (4) BAT/FF 1200/300 μg via DPI‐E; (5) FF 300 μg via DPI‐E with a lactose‐filled second strip; and (6) BAT/FF 900/300 μg via DPI‐E. Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using noncompartmental methods. Plasma BAT area under the curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) were similar for all treatments containing BAT 1200 μg (geometric least‐squares means [GLSM] ratio, 0.90–1.06). Plasma FF AUC and Cmax were reduced following BAT/FF 1200/300 μg and 900/300 μg versus FF 300 μg monotherapy (GLSM ratio, 0.62–0.77). BAT 1200 μg administered via DPI‐E, alone or in combination with FF, resulted in similar systemic exposure versus BAT administered by DPI‐D. FF exposure was reduced when administered in combination with BAT compared with FF alone.
The effect of an abuse‐deterrent opioid formulation (OxyContin) on opioid abuse‐related outcomes in the postmarketing setting
Authors: Coplan PM , Chilcoat HD , Butler SF , Sellers EM , Kadakia A , Harikrishnan V , Haddox JD , Dart RC
Published: May 2016

An extended‐release opioid analgesic (OxyContin, OC) was reformulated with abuse‐deterrent properties to deter abuse. This report examines changes in abuse through oral and nonoral routes, doctor‐shopping, and fatalities in 10 studies 3.5 years after reformulation. Changes in OC abuse from 1 year before to 3 years after OC reformulation were calculated, adjusted for prescription changes. Abuse of OC decreased 48% in national poison center surveillance systems, decreased 32% in a national drug treatment system, and decreased 27% among individuals prescribed OC in claims databases. Doctor‐shopping for OC decreased 50%. Overdose fatalities reported to the manufacturer decreased 65%. Abuse of other opioids without abuse‐deterrent properties decreased 2 years later than OC and with less magnitude, suggesting OC decreases were not due to broader opioid interventions. Consistent with the formulation, decreases were larger for nonoral than oral abuse. Abuse‐deterrent opioids may mitigate abuse and overdose risks among chronic pain patients.
Patterns of joint parasympathetic, sympathetic, and adrenocortical activity and their associations with temperament in early childhood
Authors: Kolacz Jacek , Holochwost Steven J. , Gariépy Jean‐Louis , Mills‐Koonce W. Roger
Published: May 2016

Evidence has accrued to show that autonomic and adrenocortical systems act in coordination to facilitate responses to environmental opportunities and threats. In the current study, we used cluster analysis to examine whether individual differences in patterns of joint baseline activity among the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system with the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis are associated with parent‐reported temperamental positive and negative affectivity in 36‐month old children. The resulting clusters corresponded to the sensitive, buffered, and vigilant patterns as predicted by the adaptive calibration model of stress responsivity (Del Giudice et al., 2011) and included a novel pattern. Cluster memberships predicted differences in overall negative affectivity and its subscales, but no associations were found with positive affectivity. These results provide evidence that the joint activity of physiological systems at rest may underlie temperamental differences in negative affect.
Fertilization limitation of Diadema antillarum on coral reefs in the Florida Keys
Authors: Feehan Colette J. , Brown Michael S. , Sharp William C. , Lauzon‐Guay Jean‐Sébastien , Adams Diane K.
Published: May 2016

Mass mortality of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum due to disease outbreaks in 1983 and 1991 decimated populations in the Florida Keys, and they have yet to recover. Here, we use a coupled advection–diffusion and fertilization–kinetics model to test the hypothesis that these populations are fertilization limited. We found that fertilization success was ≥ 96% prior to the first disease outbreak, decreased substantially following recurrent disease to 3%, and has since remained low. By investigating the combined effects of physical factors (population spatial extent and current velocity) and sea urchin behavior (aggregation) on density‐dependent fertilization success, we show that fertilization success at a given density increases with increasing population spatial extent and decreasing current velocity, and is greater under simulated aggregation behavior of D. antillarum. However, at present population densities, the increase in fertilization success due to aggregation is < 1%, even under the most favorable physical conditions. These results indicate that populations are severely fertilization limited, and that Allee effects at low population density will continue to limit recovery. Our results can serve as a practical guide to managers in the development of coral reef restoration strategies, including the design of a D. antillarum restocking program to obtain reproductively viable populations.
Abnormal liver function tests in acute heart failure: relationship with clinical characteristics and outcome in the PROTECT study
Authors: Biegus Jan , Hillege Hans L. , Postmus Douwe , Valente Mattia. A.E. , Bloomfield Daniel M. , Cleland John G.F. , Cotter Gad , Davison Beth A. , Dittrich Howard C. , Fiuzat Mona , Givertz Michael M. , Massie Barry M. , Metra Marco , Teerlink John R. , Voors Adriaan A. , O'Connor Christopher M. , Ponikowski Piotr
Published: May 2016

Aims

Episodes of acute heart failure (AHF) unfavourably affect multiple organs, which may have an adverse impact on the outcomes. We investigated the prevalence and clinical consequences of abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) in AHF patients enrolled in the PROTECT study.

Methods and results

The LFTs comprised serial assessment of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and albumin at baseline and during follow‐up (daily until discharge, on days 7 and 14). The prevalence of abnormal LFTs (above upper limit of normal for AST and ALT or below lower limit of normal for albumin) was: at baseline AST 20%, ALT 12%, albumin 40%; and at day 14: AST 15%, ALT 9%, albumin 26%. Abnormal LFTs at baseline were associated with a higher risk of in‐hospital death with odds ratios [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 3.5 (1.7–7.3) for AST, 3.9 (1.8–8.4) for ALT, and 2.8 (1.3–5.9) for albumin (all P < 0.01). Abnormal baseline and discharge LFTs had an unfavourable impact on 180‐day mortality with hazard ratios (95% CI) for baseline AST, ALT, and albumin of 1.3 (1.0–1.7), 1.1 (1.0–1.2), 1.4 (1.1–1.8), respectively, and 1.5 (1.1–2.0), 1.5 (1.0–2.2), and 1.6 (1.2–2.1), for discharge AST, ALT, albumin, respectively (all P < 0.05). Analysis of LFTs trajectories (calculated as changes in LFTs over time) revealed that increasing AST and ALT on day 3 as well as decreasing albumin on day 4 were independent prognosticators of 180‐day outcome (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Abnormal LFTs are frequent in AHF at baseline and during hospital stay and predict worse outcomes. Whether this association is causal and what are the underlying mechanisms involved require further study.
Is the brain of complex regional pain syndrome patients truly different?
Authors: van Velzen G.A.J. , Rombouts S.A.R.B. , van Buchem M.A. , Marinus J. , van Hilten J.J.
Published: May 2016

Background

In recent years, changes in brain structure and function have been studied extensively in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) following clinical observations of altered central processing of sensory stimuli and motor control. However, concerning MRI data, the evidence is complex to interpret due to heterogeneity in statistical methods and results.

Method

The aim of this study was to determine if CRPS patients exhibit specific, clinically relevant changes in brain structure and function in rest. We do this by presenting MRI data on brain structure and function in 19 chronic, female CRPS patients and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HCs). In addition, we analyse and report the data in multiple ways to make comparison with previous studies possible and to demonstrate the effect of different statistical methods, in particular, concerning the correction for multiple testing.

Results

Using family‐wise error (FWE) correction for multiple testing, in our group of CRPS patients, we find no specific difference in brain structure or function in rest in comparison to HCs. In addition, we argue that previously found MRI results in the literature are inconsistent in terms of localization, quantity and directionality of the reported changes in brain structure and function.

Conclusion

Previously published MRI‐based evidence for altered brain structure and function in rest in CRPS patients is not consistent and our data suggests that no such phenomenon exists.

What does this study add?

This article does not replicate the previous found results. The reported evidence in MRI literature of aberrant neuroplasticity in CRPS patients is inconsistent in terms of localization, quantity and directionality of changes in brain structure and function.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Astaxanthin on Glassy‐carbon Electrode and its Amperometric Determination Using Batch Injection Analysis (BIA)
Authors: Oliveira Gracy K. F. , Tormin Thiago F. , de O. Montes Rodrigo H. , Richter Eduardo M. , Muñoz Rodrigo A. A.
Published: May 2016

This work presents the electrochemical oxidation of the antioxidant astaxanthin on a glassy‐carbon electrode (GCE) and its amperometric determination in salmon samples using a batch‐injection analysis (BIA) system. The proposed BIA method consisted of 80‐µL a fast microliter injection of sample at 193 µL s−1 on the GCE immersed in the electrolyte, a mixture of acetone, dichloromethane, and water (80 : 10 : 10 v/v), containing 0.1 mol L−1 HClO4. Advantages include high precision (RSD of 2.4 %), sample throughput of 240 h−1, and low detection limit (0.3 µmol L−1 that corresponds to 0.1 µg g−1) for the analysis of acetone extracts of salmon samples. Recovery values between 83 and 97 % attested the accuracy of the method.
Additive effects of mean temperature, temperature variability, and chlorothalonil to red-eyed treefrog (Agalychnis callidryas) larvae
Authors: Alza Carissa M. , Donnelly Maureen A. , Whitfield Steven M.
Published: May 2016

Amphibian populations are declining globally, and multiple anthropogenic stressors, including contamination by pesticides and shifting climates, are driving these declines. Climate change may increase average temperatures or increase temperature variability, either of which may affect the susceptibility of nontarget organisms to contaminants. Eight-day ecotoxicological assays were conducted with red-eyed treefrog (Agalychnis callidryas) larvae to test for additive and interactive effects of exposure to the fungicide chlorothalonil, average temperature, and temperature variability on tadpole growth and survival. Egg masses were collected from seasonal ponds at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica, and tadpoles were exposed to a series of chlorothalonil concentrations across a range of ecologically relevant mean temperatures (23.4–27.3 °C) and daily temperature fluctuations (1.1–9.9 °C). Survival was measured each day, and tadpole growth was measured at the end of each trial. Concentrations of chlorothalonil ≥60 µg/L reduced survival, although survival was not affected by mean temperature or daily temperature range, and there were no synergistic interactions between chlorothalonil and temperature regime on survival. Chlorothalonil suppressed tadpole growth at relatively low concentrations (∼15 µg/L). There were impacts of both average temperature and daily temperature range on tadpole growth, although there were no synergistic interactions between temperature regimes and chlorothalonil. The results should inform efforts to manage ecosystems impacted by multiple large-scale anthropogenic stressors as well as methods for the design of ecologically appropriate toxicology trials. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2998–3004. © 2016 SETAC
Expression of CDKN1C in the bone marrow of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary acute myeloid leukemia is associated with poor survival after conventional chemotherapy
Authors: Radujkovic Aleksandar , Dietrich Sascha , Andrulis Mindaugas , Benner Axel , Longerich Thomas , Pellagatti Andrea , Nanda Kriti , Giese Thomas , Germing Ulrich , Baldus Stefan , Boultwood Jacqueline , Ho Anthony D. , Dreger Peter , Luft Thomas
Published: May 2016

We tested the hypothesis that proliferative activity of hematopoietic stem cells has impact on survival in newly diagnosed patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML). RNA expression profiles of CD34+cells were analyzed in 125 MDS patients and compared to healthy controls. Prognostic impact on overall survival (OS) of mRNA proliferation signatures established for solid tumor cells was analyzed retrospectively. For validation on the protein level, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry analyses in bone marrow (BM) biopsies were performed, and an independent cohort of 223 MDS and secondary AML patients was investigated. Lower proliferative activity correlated with the expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) and with shorter OS (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, higherCDKN1Cexpression was associated with worse OS (p = 0.02). On the BM level, a total of 84 (38%) patients showed CDKN1C protein expression before start of treatment. Patient, disease and treatment characteristics did not differ between CDKN1C‐positive and ‐negative patients. Positive CDKN1C BM status was associated with shorter OS in multivariable analysis (HR 1.54,p = 0.04). There was an interaction between CDKN1C BM status and subsequent treatment with negative impact on OS being most pronounced in patients receiving conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy (n = 83, 2‐year OS 30%versus58%,p = 0.002). In conclusion, low‐proliferative phenotype andCDKN1Cexpression were associated with shorter OS. CDKN1C protein expression in the BM of newly diagnosed, treatment‐naïve MDS and secondary AML patients was identified as a prognostic factor for poor survival in patients treated with antiproliferative chemotherapy.
Association of WT1 IgG antibody against WT1 peptide with prolonged survival in glioblastoma multiforme patients vaccinated with WT1 peptide
Authors: Oji Yusuke , Hashimoto Naoya , Tsuboi Akihiro , Murakami Yui , Iwai Miki , Kagawa Naoki , Chiba Yasuyoshi , Izumoto Shuichi , Elisseeva Olga , Ichinohasama Ryo , Sakamoto Junichi , Morita Satoshi , Nakajima Hiroko , Takashima Satoshi , Nakae Yoshiki , Nakata Jun , Kawakami Manabu , Nishida Sumiyuki , Hosen Naoki , Fujiki Fumihiro , Morimoto Soyoko , Adachi Mayuko , Iwamoto Masahiro , Oka Yoshihiro , Yoshimine Toshiki , Sugiyama Haruo
Published: May 2016

We previously evaluated Wilms’ tumor gene 1 (WT1) peptide vaccination in a large number of patients with leukemia or solid tumors and have reported that HLA‐A*24:02 restricted, 9‐mer WT1‐235 peptide (CYTWNQMNL) vaccine induces cellular immune responses and elicits WT1‐235‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, whether this vaccine induces humoral immune responses to produce WT1 antibody remains unknown. Thus, we measured IgG antibody levels against the WT1‐235 peptide (WT1‐235 IgG antibody) in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) receiving the WT1 peptide vaccine. The WT1‐235 IgG antibody, which was undetectable before vaccination, became detectable in 30 (50.8%) of a total of 59 patients during 3 months of WT1 peptide vaccination. The dominant WT1‐235 IgG antibody subclass was Th1‐type, IgG1 and IgG3. WT1‐235 IgG antibody production was significantly and positively correlated with both progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Importantly, the combination of WT1‐235 IgG antibody production and positive delayed type‐hypersensitivity (DTH) to the WT1‐235 peptide was a better prognostic marker for long‐term OS than either parameter alone. These results suggested that WT1‐235 peptide vaccination induces not only WT1‐235‐specific CTLs as previously described but also WT1‐235‐specific humoral immune responses associated with antitumor cellular immune response. Our results indicate that the WT1 IgG antibody against the WT1 peptide may be a useful predictive marker, with better predictive performance in combination with DTH to WT1 peptide, and provide a new insight into the antitumor immune response induction in WT1 peptide vaccine‐treated patients.
Non‐clinical safety assessment of single and repeated administration of gE/AS01 zoster vaccine in rabbits
Authors: Giordano Giulia , Segal Lawrence , Prinsen Menk , Wijnands Marcel V. W. , Garçon Nathalie , Destexhe Eric
Published: May 2016

HZ/su is an investigational recombinant subunit vaccine for the prevention of shingles, a disease resulting from the reactivation of varicella zoster virus. The vaccine is composed of recombinant varicella zoster virus glycoprotein E (gE), and liposome‐based Adjuvant System AS01. To evaluate the potential local and systemic effects of this vaccine, three studies were performed in rabbits. In the first two studies, rabbits received a single intramuscular (IM; study 1) or subcutaneous (SC; study 2) dose of gE/AS01, AS01 alone (in study 2 only) or saline, and the local tolerance was evaluated up to 3 days after administration. Under these conditions, only local inflammatory reactions at the injection sites were detected by microscopic evaluation. In the third study, gE/AS01, AS01 alone or saline, were injected SC or IM on four occasions at 2 week intervals. General health status, local tolerance, ophthalmology, haematology and blood chemistry parameters were monitored. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were performed after termination of the study. The only treatment‐related changes included a transient increase in neutrophils, C‐reactive protein and fibrinogen levels and microscopic signs of inflammation at the injection sites, which are expected observations related to the elicited inflammatory reaction. The SC and IM routes of administration produced similar systemic effects. However, microscopic findings at the injection sites differed. One month after the last injection, recovery was complete in all groups. In conclusion, the single and repeated SC and IM administration of the gE/AS01 vaccine were locally and systemically well‐tolerated in rabbits and support the clinical development of the vaccine. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of human pegivirus (HPgV) infection in patients carrying HIV‐1C or non‐C in southern Brazil
Authors: Da Mota Luísa Dias , Nishiya Anna S. , Finger‐Jardim Fabiana , Barral Maria F.M. , Silva Cláudio M. , Nader Maiba M. , Gonçalves Carla V. , Da Hora Vanusa P. , Silveira Jussara , Basso Rossana P. , Soares Marcelo A. , Levi José E. , Martínez Ana M.B.
Published: May 2016

Previous studies have demonstrated that coinfection with HPgV is a protective factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients, leading to slower disease progression, and longer survival after established disease. The present study sought to estimate the prevalence of HPgV infection and associated risk factors in patients harboring C or non‐C HIV‐1 subtypes followed‐up at HU‐FURG, southern Brazil. Samples from 347 HIV–1‐infected subjects were subjected to plasma RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, HPgV RNA detection, and HIV‐1 genotyping. The overall prevalence of HPgV RNA was 34%. Individuals aged 18–30 years had higher chances of infection compared with those 50 years or older (95%CI 1.18–52.36, P = 0.03). The number of sexual partner between one and three was a risk factor for HPgV infection (95%CI 1.54–10.23; P < 0.01), as well as the time since diagnosis of HIV‐1 ≥ 11 years (95%CI 1.01–2.89; P = 0.04). Patients infected with HIV non‐C subtypes had six times more chance of being HPgV‐infected when compared to subtype C‐infected subjects (95%CI 2.28–14.78; P < 0.01). This was the first study conducted in southern Brazil to find the circulation of HPgV. HIV/HPgV coinfection was associated with a longer survival among HIV+ patients. Of novelty, individuals infected by HIV non‐C subtypes were more susceptible to HPgV infection. However, additional studies are needed to correlate the HIV‐1 subtypes with HPgV infection and to clarify cellular and molecular pathways through which such associations are ruled. J. Med. Virol 88:2106–2114, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The representation of health‐relevant heatwave characteristics in a Regional Climate Model ensemble for New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Authors: Gross Mia H. , Alexander Lisa V. , Macadam Ian , Green Donna , Evans Jason P.
Published: May 2016

Heatwaves have been linked to increased rates of human mortality and morbidity. Given these adverse health impacts, it is crucial to improve our understanding of future changes in these extreme events to inform health impacts studies and adaptation planning. While this information would be most beneficial at a local scale, Global Climate Models provide projections on much coarser resolutions. Regional Climate Models, such as those used in the New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory Regional Climate Modelling (NARCliM) project, provide simulations at a finer scale more appropriate for regional assessments. This study uses NARCliM output to investigate the ability of a Regional Climate Model ensemble to represent heatwave characteristics through the Excess Heat Factor, an index that includes factors that are known to be important to the heat‐health relationship. Both uncorrected and bias‐corrected model output is evaluated against observationally‐derived heatwave characteristics for the period 1990–2009. The effect of bias‐correction on future changes in heatwave characteristics is also assessed. Overall, the simulations provided a good representation of the recent climate and bias‐correction did not greatly change simulated heatwave characteristics. Some regions were more affected by bias‐correction than others, with bias‐correction being most beneficial for coastal regions. We emphasise that these results may not apply to all indices measuring extreme heat, and demonstrate that results for an index based on a fixed absolute temperature threshold are substantially affected when bias‐correction is applied. While supporting bias‐correction, this study demonstrates that it is not necessarily required when evaluating a relative measure such as the Excess Heat Factor.
Food Design Thinking: A Branch of Design Thinking Specific to Food Design
Authors: Zampollo Francesca , Peacock Matthew
Published: May 2016

Is there a need for a set of methods within Design Thinking tailored specifically for the Food Design process? Is there a need for a branch of Design Thinking dedicated to Food Design alone? Chefs are not generally trained in Design or Design Thinking, and we are only just beginning to understand how they ideate and what recourses are available to them. Given the sheer variety of eating situations, and the complexity of the factors influencing them, a design method that specifically stimulates thinking about Food Design would be very useful. I introduce TED (Themes for Eating Design, a design method developed to generate themes on the ideal eating situation, which summarizes the themes it has generated in previous research, and how these themes have been transformed into a tool for the idea generation phase called “Thoughts For Food”). I present an initial test of TED and Thoughts For Food in practice, with groups using them to design an eating experience. Initial results suggest both have promise for designing food or any other aspect of the eating experience and that these methods can form part of a new branch of design theory that I call Food Design Thinking.
Rotator cuff repair using cell sheets derived from human rotator cuff in a rat model
Authors: Harada Yoshifumi , Mifune Yutaka , Inui Atsuyuki , Sakata Ryosuke , Muto Tomoyuki , Takase Fumiaki , Ueda Yasuhiro , Kataoka Takeshi , Kokubu Takeshi , Kuroda Ryosuke , Kurosaka Masahiro
Published: May 2016

To achieve biological regeneration of tendon‐bone junctions, cell sheets of human rotator‐cuff derived cells were used in a rat rotator cuff injury model. Human rotator‐cuff derived cells were isolated, and cell sheets were made using temperature‐responsive culture plates. Infraspinatus tendons in immunodeficient rats were resected bilaterally at the enthesis. In right shoulders, infraspinatus tendons were repaired by the transosseous method and covered with the cell sheet (sheet group), whereas the left infraspinatus tendons were repaired in the same way without the cell sheet (control group). Histological examinations (safranin‐O and fast green staining, isolectin B4, type II collagen, and human‐specific CD31) and mRNA expression (vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGF, type II collagen; Col2, and tenomodulin; TeM) were analyzed 4 weeks after surgery. Biomechanical tests were performed at 8 weeks. In the sheet group, proteoglycan at the enthesis with more type II collagen and isolectin B4 positive cells were seen compared with in the control group. Human specific CD31‐positive cells were detected only in the sheet group. VEGF and Col2 gene expressions were higher and TeM gene expression was lower in the sheet group than in the control group. In mechanical testing, the sheet group showed a significantly higher ultimate failure load than the control group at 8 weeks. Our results indicated that the rotator‐cuff derived cell sheet could promote cartilage regeneration and angiogenesis at the enthesis, with superior mechanical strength compared with the control. Treatment for rotator cuff injury using cell sheets could be a promising strategy for enthesis of tendon tissue engineering. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:289–296, 2017.
Stabilization of red fruit‐based smoothies by high‐pressure processing. Part A. Effects on microbial growth, enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity and physical stability
Authors: Hurtado Adriana , Guàrdia Maria Dolors , Picouet Pierre , Jofré Anna , Ros José María , Bañón Sancho
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Non‐thermal pasteurization by high‐pressure processing (HPP) is increasingly replacing thermal processing (TP) to maintain the properties of fresh fruit products. However, most of the research on HPP‐fruit products only partially addresses fruit–pressure interaction, which limits its practical interest. The objective of this study was to assess the use of a mild HPP treatment to stabilize red fruit‐based smoothies (microbial, enzymatic, oxidative and physical stability).

RESULTS

HPP (350 MPa/10 °C/5 min) was slightly less effective than TP (85 °C/7 min) in inactivating microbes (mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria, coliforms, yeasts and moulds) in smoothies kept at 4 °C for up to 28 days. The main limitation of using HPP was its low efficacy in inactivating oxidative (polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase) and hydrolytic (pectin methyl esterase) enzymes. Data on antioxidant status, colour parameters, browning index, transmittance, turbidity and viscosity confirmed that the HPP‐smoothies have a greater tendency towards oxidation and clarification, which might lead to undesirable sensory and nutritional changes (see Part B).

CONCLUSION

The microbial quality of smoothies was adequately controlled by mild HPP treatment without affecting their physical‐chemical characteristics; however, oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes are highly pressure‐resistant, which suggests that additional strategies should be used to stabilize smoothies. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Outcomes and predictors of surgical management in type 1 laryngeal cleft swallowing dysfunction
Authors: Thottam Prasad John , Georg Matthew , Chi David , Mehta Deepak K.
Published: May 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

To examine the effect of and predict the success of type 1 laryngeal cleft (LC‐1) augmentation through swallowing evaluations.

Study Design

Retrospective chart analysis.

Methods

Sixty‐eight patients with LC‐1s underwent interarytenoid injection laryngoplasty (IL) and were examined. The median age at IL was 9 months. Swallowing evaluations were performed pre‐ and postoperatively using fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing or modified barium swallow. The presence of aspiration or penetrations at various consistencies was recorded. McNemar's tests were used to detect changes in swallowing pre‐ and postoperatively. Logistic regression was used to assess factors affecting the odds of postoperative success.

Results

Preoperatively, 89.7% of patients demonstrated penetration or aspiration. Post‐IL, 69.1% were safe for thins, and 75% showed improvement in swallowing. Postoperatively, there was a significant reduction in patients experiencing problems with thin liquids (P < 0.001) and in those with frank or silent aspiration (P < 0.001). Patients with penetrations on thin liquids had higher likelihood of a successful IL (odds ratio [OR] = 3.68, P = 0.021). The probability of success with silent aspiration at any consistency was significantly decreased (OR = 0.26, P = 0.015). Fifteen patients underwent formal endoscopic surgical repair, and 90.0% were safe with thin consistencies postoperatively.

Conclusion

A large proportion of patients with LC‐1 and associated swallowing dysfunctions respond favorably to IL and formal repair. Children who demonstrated penetration with thin liquids had a higher rate of swallowing dysfunction resolution post‐IL; whereas patients demonstrating silent aspiration had poorer responses to IL.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 126:2838–2843, 2016
Removal of methane through hydrological, microbial, and geochemical processes in the shallow sediments of pockmarks along eastern Vestnesa Ridge (Svalbard)
Authors: Hong Wei‐Li , Sauer Simone , Panieri Giuliana , Ambrose William G. , James Rachael H. , Plaza‐Faverola Andreia , Schneider Andrea
Published: May 2016

The recent discovery of methane seeps in the Arctic region requires a better understanding of the fate of methane in marine sediments if we are to understand the contributions of methane to Arctic ecosystems and climate change. To this goal, we analyze pore water data from five sites along eastern Vestnesa Ridge, a sediment drift off‐north‐west Svalbard, to quantify the consumption of dissolved methane across the sulfate‐methane‐transition‐zone which are 3–5 m below seafloor from the investigated sites. We use transport‐reaction models to quantify the hydrology as well as the carbon mass balance in the sediments. Pore water profiles and our model results demonstrate that hydrological, microbial, and geochemical processes/reactions efficiently remove methane carbon from fluid over different time scales. We interpret the nonsteady‐state behavior of the first 50–70 cm of our pore water profiles from the active sites as an annual scale downward fluid flow due to a seepage‐related pressure imbalance. Such downward flow supplies sulfate which enhances methane consumption through anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) within this depth range. Our steady‐state modeling confirms the efficiency of AOM in consuming dissolved methane in the upper 0.8–1.2 m of sediments. Based on the phosphate profiles, we estimate that AOM at the active pockmarks may have been operating for the last two to four centuries. Precipitation of authigenic carbonate removes more than a quarter of the dissolved inorganic carbon produced by AOM and fixes it as authigenic carbonate in the sediments, a process that sequestrates methane carbon over geological time.
Relational Domain Switching: Interpersonal Insecurity Predicts the Strength and Number of Marketplace Relationships
Authors: Whelan Jodie , Johnson Allison R. , Marshall Tara C. , Thomson Matthew
Published: May 2016

In this paper, the authors test a compensation model of interpersonal and marketplace relationships. Guided by an attachment theory perspective, the authors argue that reflecting on or experiencing insecure interpersonal relationships can induce consumers to seek surrogate relationship partners in the marketplace. This general prediction is supported by results from an experiment and two surveys. Specifically, results show that interpersonally anxious consumers report more and stronger brand relationships. Furthermore, interpersonally avoidant consumers report more and stronger brand relationships, as well as more numerous but weaker service relationships. These studies support the prediction that people employ marketplace solutions to offset deficiencies in their personal relationships. The paper concludes by contextualizing the results within research on loneliness and materialism.
Comparison of numerical models for nonlinear static analysis of planar concrete frames based on 1D and 2D finite elements
Authors: Radnic J. , Markic R. , Glibic M. , Grgić N. , Banović I.
Published: May 2016

Firstly, a discussion about the application of beam‐column (1D) and plane (2D) finite elements in the numerical analysis of the planar concrete frames is presented. Then, briefly are presented two numerical models for nonlinear static analysis of planar concrete frames, first based on beam‐column (1D) elements and second on plane (2D) finite elements, which can simulate their main nonlinear effects. The presented models are verified on two experimental test results. Good agreement was obtained between the experimental and the numerical results, which confirm the possibility of practical application of both presented numerical models. However, their further verifications are necessary.