bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New 1 Bit Electronically Reconfigurable Transmitarray
Authors: Zheng Zizhen , Ren Wu , Li Weiming , Xue Zhenghui
Published: April 2024

This article proposes a novel 1 bit electronically reconfigurable transmitarray, designed to facilitate digital two-dimensional beam scanning, boasting both high gain and a slim profile. The fundamental phase shifting unit of the transmitarray unit cell consists of a resonant cavity composed of a pair of orthogonal metal gates and dielectric layers, with a cross-sectional height of 0.17 λ. The middle layer of the phase-shifting unit is composed of circular gaps and C-shaped patches, and two diodes with opposite directions are loaded. By turning the diodes ON and OFF, current reversal is accomplished, allowing the unit to transition between its 0 and 1 states and achieve transmission-phase quantization. The unit’s minimal insertion loss is 0.37 dB in state 0 and 0.35 dB in state 1, respectively. In order to verify our design, we designed and processed a 16 × 16 transmitarray in the C-band. The simulated results are consistent with the experimental results. The experimental results show that the transmitarray can achieve ± 45° beam scanning on both the E-plane and H-plane, and the maximum gain is 20.59 dBi at 5 GHz, with an aperture efficiency of 20.5%.
Advanced Anomaly Detection in Manufacturing Processes: Leveraging Feature Value Analysis for Normalizing Anomalous Data
Authors: Kim Seunghyun , Seo Hyunsoo , Lee Eui Chul
Published: April 2024

In the realm of manufacturing processes, equipment failures can result in substantial financial losses and pose significant safety hazards. Consequently, prior research has primarily been focused on preemptively detecting anomalies before they manifest. However, within industrial contexts, the precise interpretation of predictive outcomes holds paramount importance. This has spurred the development of research in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to elucidate the inner workings of predictive models. Previous studies have endeavored to furnish explanations for anomaly detection within these models. Nonetheless, rectifying these anomalies typically necessitates the expertise of seasoned professionals. Therefore, our study extends beyond the mere identification of anomaly causes; we also ascertain the specific adjustments required to normalize these deviations. In this paper, we present novel research avenues and introduce three methods to tackle this challenge. Each method has exhibited a remarkable success rate in normalizing detected errors, scoring 97.30%, 97.30%, and 100.0%, respectively. This research not only contributes to the field of anomaly detection but also amplifies the practical applicability of these models in industrial environments. It furnishes actionable insights for error correction, thereby enhancing their utility and efficacy in real-world scenarios.
Cost-Optimal Aggregated Electric Vehicle Flexibility for Demand Response Market Participation by Workplace Electric Vehicle Charging Aggregators
Authors: Chen Yi-An , Zeng Wente , Khurram Adil , Kleissl Jan
Published: April 2024

In recent years, with the growing number of EV charging stations integrated into the grid, optimizing the aggregated EV load based on individual EV flexibility has drawn aggregators’ attention as a way to regulate the grid and provide grid services, such as day-ahead (DA) demand responses. Due to the forecast uncertainty of EV charging timings and charging energy demands, the actual delivered demand response is usually different from the DA bidding capacity, making it difficult for aggregators to profit from the energy market. This paper presents a two-layer online feedback control algorithm that exploits the EV flexibility with controlled EV charging timings and energy demands. Firstly, the offline model optimizes the EV dispatch considering demand charge management and energy market participation, and secondly, model predictive control is used in the online feedback model, which exploits the aggregated EV flexibility region by reducing the charging energy based on the pre-decided service level for demand response in real time (RT). The proposed algorithm is tested with one year of data for 51 EVs at a workplace charging site. The results show that with a 20% service level reduction in December 2022, the aggregated EV flexibility can be used to compensate for the cost of EV forecast errors and benefit from day-ahead energy market participation by USD 217. The proposed algorithm is proven to be economically practical and profitable.
CCUS Technology and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from the United States
Authors: Mon Min Thura , Tansuchat Roengchai , Yamaka Woraphon
Published: April 2024

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) represents a vital technology for addressing pressing global challenges such as climate change and carbon emissions. This research aims to explore the relationship between the CCUS capability and carbon emissions in the United States considering thirteen predictors of CCUS and carbon emissions. Incorporating these predictors, we aim to offer policymakers insights to enhance CCUS capabilities and reduce carbon emissions. We utilize diverse econometric techniques: OLS, Lasso, Ridge, Elastic Net, Generalized Method of Moments, and Seemingly Unrelated Regression. Elastic Net outperforms the other models in explaining CCUS, while OLS is effective for carbon emissions. We observe positive impacts of the number of projects and foreign direct investment on the CCUS capacity, but limited influence from the CCUS technology level. However, the relationship between the CCUS capacity and carbon emissions remains limited. Our study highlights the importance of incentivizing projects to increase CCUS capabilities and recognizes the critical role of legal and regulatory frameworks in facilitating effective CCUS implementation in the US. Moreover, we emphasize that achieving decarbonization goals necessitates the development of affordable green alternatives. It is essential to view CCUS as a complementary, rather than a sole, solution for emission reduction as we work towards achieving net-zero emission targets.
The Experimental Analysis of Biochar Combustion in a Traveling Grate Furnace
Authors: Ferreira Tânia , Paiva João Monney , Pinho Carlos
Published: April 2024

The current energy policy targets reducing energy dependence and minimizing pollutant emissions. Therefore, with the growing interest in using biomass as an alternative energy source, conducting scientific studies on its behavior and optimizing the respective conversion systems has become imperative. The present study focuses on investigating the combustion of biochar pellets in a laboratory-scale traveling grate furnace at three different bed temperatures: 700, 750, and 800 °C. The biochars were obtained via the carbonization process of Pinus pinaster, Acacia dealbata, and Cytisus scoparius pellets. The biochar combustion was studied using a moving-bed carbon particle burning model, supported by kinetic information which was obtained via the combustion of the same biochars in a bubbling fluidized bed. The diffusive parameter which was representative of this traveling grate combustion technology was determined, particularly the bed bypass factor. The combustion tests were carried out with the incomplete combustion of the char pellets. In general, the increase in biochar size led to a decrease in the bypass factor. However, the furnace temperature did not influence this parameter.
An Experimental Study on the Thermal Runaway Propagation of Cycling Aged Lithium-Ion Battery Modules
Authors: Han Zhuxin , Zhao Luyao , Zhao Jiajun , Xu Guo , Liu Hong , Chen Mingyi
Published: April 2024

The primary concerns for individuals using lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are aging and thermal runaway (TR). This paper focuses on the thermal runaway propagation (TRP) of cycling aged LIB modules. The impacts of state of charge (SOC), state of health, and cyclic aging temperature on TRP in LIB modules are investigated. The analysis includes parameters such as temperature, voltage, and mass of the modules during TRP. It was found that as SOC increases, the maximum increase in temperature and maximum temperature rate of the modules increased, as did the total mass loss and smoke emissions. The average heat transfer between adjacent cells was higher for the lower SOC. Cycle aging reduces the thermal stability of LIBs, leading to a lower maximum temperature and maximum temperature rate, as well as a larger mass loss compared with fresh battery modules. Regarding aging temperature, low-temperature aging reduces the total duration of TRP compared with room temperature, but it increases the maximum temperature rate and causes greater mass loss. Aging also increases the average heat transfer between adjacent cells.
Mitigation of Mycotoxins in Food—Is It Possible?
Authors: Furlong Eliana Badiale , Buffon Jaqueline Garda , Cerqueira Maristela Barnes , Kupski Larine
Published: April 2024

Among microorganisms found in food, fungi stand out because they are adaptable and competitive in a large range of water activities, temperatures, pHs, humidities and substrate types. Besides sporulating, some species are toxigenic and produce toxic metabolites, mycotoxins, under adverse biotic and abiotic variables. Microorganisms are inactivated along the food chain, but mycotoxins have stable structures and remain in ready-to-eat food. The most prevalent mycotoxins in food, which are aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, patulin, tenuazonic acid, trichothecenes and zearalenone, have maximum tolerable limits (MTLs) defined as ppb and ppt by official organizations. The chronic and acute toxicities of mycotoxins and their stability are different in a chemical family. This critical review aims to discuss promising scientific research that successfully mitigated levels of mycotoxins and focus the results of our research group on this issue. It highlights the application of natural antifungal compounds, combinations of management, processing parameters and emergent technologies, and their role in reducing the levels and bioaccessibility. Despite good crop management and processing practices, total decontamination is almost impossible. Experimental evidence has shown that exposure to mycotoxins may be mitigated. However, multidisciplinary efforts need to be made to improve the applicability of successful techniques in the food supply chain to avoid mycotoxins’ impact on global food insecurity.
Food Polysaccharides and Proteins: Processing, Characterization, and Health Benefits
Authors: Rong Liyuan , Shen Mingyue , Zhang Yanjun , Yu Hansong , Xie Jianhua
Published: April 2024

Natural macromolecular substances are prevalent in the organs of plants and animals, such as polysaccharides, resins, proteins, etc [...]
AGN Feedback Signatures in UV Emission
Authors: Rubinur K.
Published: April 2024

Supermassive black holes (SMBH) are believed to influence galaxy evolution through AGN (active galactic nuclei) feedback. Galaxy mergers are key processes of galaxy formation that lead to AGN activity and star formation. The relative contribution of AGN feedback and mergers to star formation is not yet well understood. In radio-loud objects, AGN outflows are dominated by large jets. However, in radio-quiet objects, outflows are more complex and involve jet, wind, and radiation. In this review, we discuss the signatures of AGN feedback through the alignment of radio and UV emissions. Current research on AGN feedback is discussed, along with a few examples of studies such as the galaxy merger system MRK 212, the radio-quiet AGN NGC 2639, and the radio-loud system Centaurus A. Multi-frequency observations of MRK 212 indicate the presence of dual AGN, as well as feedback-induced star-forming UV clumps. The fourth episode of AGN activity was detected in radio observations of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 2639, which also showed a central cavity of 6 kpc radius in CO and UV maps. This indicates that multi-epoch jets of radio-quiet AGN can blow out cold molecular gas, which can further reduce star formation in the center of the galaxies. Recent UV observations of Cen A have revealed two sets of stellar population in the northern star-forming region, which may have two different origins. Recent studies have shown that there is evidence that both positive and negative feedback can be present in galaxies at different scales and times. High-resolution, multi-band observations of large samples of different types of AGN and their host galaxies are important for understanding the two types of AGN feedback and their effect on the host galaxies. Future instruments like INSIST and UVEX will be able to help achieve some of these goals.
Potential Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Managing Polypharmacy in Saudi Arabia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Alsanosi Safaa M. , Padmanabhan Sandosh
Published: April 2024

Prescribing medications is a fundamental practice in the management of illnesses that necessitates in-depth knowledge of clinical pharmacology. Polypharmacy, or the concurrent use of multiple medications by individuals with complex health conditions, poses significant challenges, including an increased risk of drug interactions and adverse reactions. The Saudi Vision 2030 prioritises enhancing healthcare quality and safety, including addressing polypharmacy. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising tools to optimise medication plans, predict adverse drug reactions and ensure drug safety. This review explores AI’s potential to revolutionise polypharmacy management in Saudi Arabia, highlighting practical applications, challenges and the path forward for the integration of AI solutions into healthcare practices.
Impact of Home-Based Work during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental and Physical Health in a German Population-Based Sample
Authors: Emmerich Franziska , Junghans Julia , Zenger Markus , Brähler Elmar , Stöbel-Richter Yve , Irmscher Lisa , Richter Ernst Peter , Berth Hendrik
Published: April 2024

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak necessitated physical distancing, as part of secondary prevention, at a personal and professional level. Working from home (WFH) became increasingly important. In this study, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on physical and mental health is investigated, compared with pre-pandemic data, and with employees who WFH and are on-site. Methods: Data from the German Saxon longitudinal study population were used. Attitudes towards WFH as well as mental and physical health assessments during the COVID-19 pandemic were examined. Comparisons were made with corresponding pre-pandemic scores and between employees WFH and on-site in 2022. Results: In total, 319 participants with equal gender distribution were included. Of those, 86 worked from home stating better organizability of their work, more time for partnership, less stress, and greater work satisfaction. Compared to pre-pandemic data, the D-score, PHQ-4, G-Score, and PHQ-SSS-8 showed a significant increase. No difference in physical or mental health between employees WFH and on-site was observed. Conclusion: In general, COVID-19 restrictions had a negative impact on mental and physical health. Although WFH is well accepted, it did not show significant health benefits.
Phenotypic and Molecular Diversity of Wild Populations of Acca sellowiana (Berg.) Burret in the Southern Area of Natural Distribution
Authors: Rivas Mercedes , Puppo María , Baccino Estela , Quezada Marianella , Franco Jorge , Pritsch Clara
Published: April 2024

Acca sellowiana is a subtropical tree in the myrtle family (Myrtaceae) native to southern Brazil and northeastern Uruguay. It is recognized for its value as a fruit-bearing, ornamental, and medicinal species. Based on distinctive characteristics of fruits, seeds, and leaves, as well as its geographical distribution pattern, two variants of the species are distinguished: the “Brazilian type” and the “Uruguayan type”. The objective of this study was to characterize, for the first time, the diversity of 202 individuals from four wild populations in Uruguay, representative of the species’ most southern natural distribution. Twenty-three morphological descriptors (leaf, flower, and fruit) and 204 RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers were used. The morphological data collected validated the main criteria that distinguish “Uruguayan type” populations from “Brazilian type” populations, such as lower seed weight and fruit size, thin and slightly rough skin, high pulp percentage, and hairy white abaxial leaf surfaces. Analyses of both morphological and molecular data indicated wide diversity and strong population structuring, which is relevant information for designing conservation plans, sustainable utilization, and genetic improvement of the plant genetic resources of this species.
Potential Therapeutic Targets to Modulate the Endocannabinoid System in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kanwal Hina , Sangineto Moris , Ciarnelli Martina , Castaldo Pasqualina , Villani Rosanna , Romano Antonino , Serviddio Gaetano , Cassano Tommaso
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease (NDD), is characterized by chronic neuronal cell death through progressive loss of cognitive function. Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are considered the hallmarks of AD pathology. Different therapeutic approaches approved by the Food and Drug Administration can only target a single altered pathway instead of various mechanisms that are involved in AD pathology, resulting in limited symptomatic relief and almost no effect in slowing down the disease progression. Growing evidence on modulating the components of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) proclaimed their neuroprotective effects by reducing neurochemical alterations and preventing cellular dysfunction. Recent studies on AD mouse models have reported that the inhibitors of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol (MAGL), hydrolytic enzymes for N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), respectively, might be promising candidates as therapeutical intervention. The FAAH and MAGL inhibitors alone or in combination seem to produce neuroprotection by reversing cognitive deficits along with Aβ-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative responses, and neuronal death, delaying AD progression. Their exact signaling mechanisms need to be elucidated for understanding the brain intrinsic repair mechanism. The aim of this review was to shed light on physiology and pathophysiology of AD and to summarize the experimental data on neuroprotective roles of FAAH and MAGL inhibitors. In this review, we have also included CB1R and CB2R modulators with their diverse roles to modulate ECS mediated responses such as anti-nociceptive, anxiolytic, and anti-inflammatory actions in AD. Future research would provide the directions in understanding the molecular mechanisms and development of new therapeutic interventions for the treatment of AD.
Microbiota and Immunity during Respiratory Infections: Lung and Gut Affair
Authors: Marrella Veronica , Nicchiotti Federico , Cassani Barbara
Published: April 2024

Bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases, leading to worldwide morbidity and mortality. In the past 10 years, the importance of lung microbiota emerged in the context of pulmonary diseases, although the mechanisms by which it impacts the intestinal environment have not yet been fully identified. On the contrary, gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with disease etiology or/and development in the lung. In this review, we present an overview of the lung microbiome modifications occurring during respiratory infections, namely, reduced community diversity and increased microbial burden, and of the downstream consequences on host–pathogen interaction, inflammatory signals, and cytokines production, in turn affecting the disease progression and outcome. Particularly, we focus on the role of the gut–lung bidirectional communication in shaping inflammation and immunity in this context, resuming both animal and human studies. Moreover, we discuss the challenges and possibilities related to novel microbial-based (probiotics and dietary supplementation) and microbial-targeted therapies (antibacterial monoclonal antibodies and bacteriophages), aimed to remodel the composition of resident microbial communities and restore health. Finally, we propose an outlook of some relevant questions in the field to be answered with future research, which may have translational relevance for the prevention and control of respiratory infections.
Nuclear MAST4 Suppresses FOXO3 through Interaction with AKT3 and Induces Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma
Authors: Fujiwara-Tani Rina , Sasaki Takamitsu , Bhawal Ujjal Kumar , Mori Shiori , Ogata Ruiko , Sasaki Rika , Ikemoto Ayaka , Kishi Shingo , Fujii Kiyomu , Ohmori Hitoshi , Sho Masayuki , Kuniyasu Hiroki
Published: April 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly malignant, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Furthermore, the acquisition of anticancer drug resistance makes PDAC treatment difficult. We established MIA-GEM cells, a PDAC cell line resistant to gemcitabine (GEM), a first-line anticancer drug, using the human PDAC cell line—MIA-PaCa-2. Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-4 (MAST4) expression was increased in MIA-GEM cells compared with the parent cell line. Through inhibitor screening, dysregulated AKT signaling was identified in MIA-GEM cells with overexpression of AKT3. MAST4 knockdown effectively suppressed AKT3 overexpression, and both MAST4 and AKT3 translocation into the nucleus, phosphorylating forkhead box O3a (FOXO3) in MIA-GEM cells. Modulating FOXO3 target gene expression in these cells inhibited apoptosis while promoting stemness and proliferation. Notably, nuclear MAST4 demonstrated higher expression in GEM-resistant PDAC cases compared with that in the GEM-sensitive cases. Elevated MAST4 expression correlated with a poorer prognosis in PDAC. Consequently, nuclear MAST4 emerges as a potential marker for GEM resistance and poor prognosis, representing a novel therapeutic target for PDAC.
Eucommia ulmoides Leaves Alleviate Cognitive Dysfunction in Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis Mice through Regulating JNK/TLR4 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lee Han Su , Kim Jong Min , Lee Hyo Lim , Go Min Ji , Lee Dong Yeol , Kim Chul-Woo , Kim Hyun-Jin , Heo Ho Jin
Published: April 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that is characterized by systemic immune system activation. This study was performed to assess the alleviative effect of administering an aqueous extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves (AEEL) on cognitive dysfunction in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The major bioactive compounds of AEEL were identified as a quinic acid derivative, caffeic acid-O-hexoside, and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid using UPLC Q-TOF/MSE. AEEL administration alleviated colitis symptoms, which are bodyweight change and colon shortening. Moreover, AEEL administration protected intestinal barrier integrity by increasing the tight junction protein expression levels in colon tissues. Likewise, AEEL improved behavioral dysfunction in the Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. Additionally, AEEL improved short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in the feces of DSS-induced mice. In addition, AEEL improved damaged cholinergic systems in brain tissue and damaged mitochondrial and antioxidant functions in colon and brain tissues caused by DSS. Also, AEEL protected against DSS-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation in colon and brain tissues by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. Therefore, these results suggest that AEEL is a natural material that alleviates DSS-induced cognitive dysfunction with the modulation of gut–brain interaction.
Ageing-Related Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Decline
Authors: Alafuzoff Irina , Libard Sylwia
Published: April 2024

Neuropathological assessment was conducted on 1630 subjects, representing 5% of all the deceased that had been sent to the morgue of Uppsala University Hospital during a 15-year-long period. Among the 1630 subjects, 1610 were ≥41 years of age (range 41 to 102 years). Overall, hyperphosphorylated (HP) τ was observed in the brains of 98% of the 1610 subjects, and amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in the brains of 64%. The most common alteration observed was Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) (56%), followed by primary age-related tauopathy (PART) in 26% of the subjects. In 16% of the subjects, HPτ was limited to the locus coeruleus. In 14 subjects (<1%), no altered proteins were observed. In 3 subjects, only Aβ was observed, and in 17, HPτ was observed in a distribution other than that seen in ADNC/PART. The transactive DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) associated with limbic-predominant age-related TDP encephalopathy (LATE) was observed in 565 (35%) subjects and α-synuclein (αS) pathology, i.e., Lewy body disease (LBD) or multi system atrophy (MSA) was observed in the brains of 21% of the subjects. A total of 39% of subjects with ADNC, 59% of subjects with PART, and 81% of subjects with HPτ limited to the locus coeruleus lacked concomitant pathologies, i.e., LATE-NC or LBD-NC. Of the 293 (18% of the 1610 subjects) subjects with dementia, 81% exhibited a high or intermediate level of ADNC. In 84% of all individuals with dementia, various degrees of concomitant alterations were observed; i.e., MIXED-NC was a common cause of dementia. A high or intermediate level of PART was observed in 10 subjects with dementia (3%), i.e., tangle-predominant dementia. No subjects exhibited only vascular NC (VNC), but in 17 subjects, severe VNC might have contributed to cognitive decline. Age-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) was observed in 37% of the 1610 subjects and in 53% of those with dementia.
Discriminating among Alternative Dressing Solutions for Cereal Seed Treatment: Effect on Germination and Seedling Vigor of Durum Wheat
Authors: Rossini Angelo , Ruggeri Roberto , Rossini Francesco
Published: April 2024

A prompt seed germination and emergence coupled with an excellent seedling vigor are highly desired features to ensure perfect crop establishment and subsequent vegetative growth. Seed dressing with pesticides represents the most common technology for enhancing seed performance after sowing, while little is known about biostimulant seed dressing. This practice could play a fundamental role in developing new sustainable starter fertilization for cereals. The enhancement of germination and seedling vigor of durum wheat seeds (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn) was the main target of this research. The experiment took place in a germination cabinet under controlled environmental conditions, settled at the constant temperature of 10 °C and under dark conditions for 8 days. The different seed dressings, sprayed on the seeds, were composed by a combination of a fungicide and different biostimulants. Coleoptile and root length, as well as biomass, were significantly increased by the different biostimulants, compared to the control. As for germination traits, seeds treated with Codium fragile and Opuntia ficus-indica extracts, containing phytohormones and different nutrients, showed a final germination (96%) significantly higher than the one obtained with the control treatment (86%). These results show that treating seeds with a suitable dressing solution can greatly improve the germination features and seedling vigor of durum wheat. This can help the crop to withstand future stresses, especially in early stages, and possibly increase the grain yield with a reduction in agrochemicals. However, the combination of the substances used in the present study rarely showed a synergistic effect on the tested variable.
Genomic Prediction of Root Traits via Aerial Traits in Soybean Using Canonical Variables
Authors: Sagae Vitor Seiti , Costa Noé Mitterhofer Eiterer Ponce de Leon da , Suela Matheus Massariol , Ferreira Dalton de Oliveira , Nascimento Ana Carolina Campana , Azevedo Camila Ferreira , Silva Felipe Lopes da , Nascimento Moysés
Published: April 2024

The phenotypic evaluation of root traits in soybeans presents challenges in breeding due to its high cost and the requirement for experimental plot destruction. Establishing relationships between aerial and root traits is crucial, given the relative ease of phenotypic evaluations for aerial traits. Therefore, this study aims to utilize the canonical correlation technique to estimate latent variables, subsequently employing GBLUP for the genomic prediction of the root traits (length, volume, surface area, and dry mass) using phenotypic information from aerial part traits (hypocotyl diameter and dry mass). Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique in predicting the root part, even when not directly evaluated. The agreement observed between the top 10% of individuals selected based on the canonical variable and each root trait individually was considered moderate or substantial. This enables the simultaneous selection of genotypes based on both trait groups, providing a valuable approach for soybean breeding programs.
Cognitive Effects of Reducing First-Generation Antipsychotic Dose Compared to Switching to Ziprasidone in Long-Stay Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Bogers Jan P. A. M. , Blömer Jasper A. , de Haan Lieuwe
Published: April 2024

Background: Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of schizophrenia and is associated with functional outcomes. Improving cognitive function is an important treatment goal. Studies have reported beneficial cognitive effects of the second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) ziprasidone. Reducing the dose of first-generation antipsychotics (FGA) might also improve cognitive function. This study compared the cognitive effects in long-stay patients who were randomized to groups who underwent FGA dose reduction or switched to ziprasidone. Methods: High-dose FGA was reduced to an equivalent of 5 mg of haloperidol in 10 patients (FGA-DR-condition), and 13 patients switched to ziprasidone 80 mg b.i.d. (ZIPRA condition). Five domains of cognitive function were assessed before dose reduction or switching (T0) and after 1 year (T1). This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Open Ankh (CCMO number 338) and registered at the Netherlands Trial Register (code 5864). Results: Non-significant deterioration was seen in all cognitive domains studied in the FGA-DR condition, whereas there was a non-significant improvement in all cognitive domains in the ZIPRA condition. The most robust difference between conditions, in favor of ziprasidone, was in executive function. Conclusions: In patients with severe chronic schizophrenia, ziprasidone had a non-significant and very modest beneficial effect on cognitive function compared with FGA dose reduction. Larger trials are needed to further investigate this effect.
Reliability of a New Digital Tool for Photographic Analysis in Quantifying Body Asymmetry in Scoliosis
Authors: Pizones Javier , Moreno-Manzanaro Lucía , Pupak Anika , Núñez-Pereira Susana , Larrieu Daniel , Boissiere Louis , Richner-Wunderlin Sarah , Loibl Markus , Zulemyan Tais , Yücekul Altug , Zgheib Sara , Charles Yann Philippe , Chang Dong-Gune , Kleinstueck Frank , Obeid Ibrahim , Alanay Ahmet , Sánchez Pérez-Grueso Francisco Javier , Pellisé Ferran ,   on behalf of the ESSG
Published: April 2024

Background: Advancements in non-ionizing methods for quantifying spinal deformities are crucial for assessing and monitoring scoliosis. In this study, we analyzed the observer variability of a newly developed digital tool for quantifying body asymmetry from clinical photographs. Methods: Prospective observational multicenter study. Initially, a digital tool was developed using image analysis software, calculating quantitative measures of body asymmetry. This tool was integrated into an online platform that exports data to a database. The tool calculated 10 parameters, including angles (shoulder height, axilla height, waist height, right and left waistline angles, and their difference) and surfaces of the left and right hemitrunks (shoulders, waists, pelvises, and total). Subsequently, an online training course on the tool was conducted for twelve observers not involved in its development (six research coordinators and six spine surgeons). Finally, 15 standardized back photographs of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients were selected from a multicenter image bank, representing various clinical scenarios (different age, gender, curve type, BMI, and pre- and postoperative images). The 12 observers measured the photographs at two different times with a three-week interval. For the second round, the images were randomly mixed. Inter- and intra-observer variabilities of the measurements were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and reliability was measured by the standard error of measurement (SEM). Group comparisons were made using Student’s t-test. Results: The mean inter-observer ICC for the ten measurements was 0.981, the mean intra-observer ICC was 0.937, and SEM was 0.3–1.3°. The parameter with the strongest inter- and intra-observer validity was the difference in waistline angles 0.994 and 0.974, respectively, while the highest variability was found with the waist height angle 0.963 and 0.845, respectively. No test–retest differences (p > 0.05) were observed between researchers (0.948 ± 0.04) and surgeons (0.925 ± 0.05). Conclusion: We developed a new digital tool integrated into an online platform demonstrating excellent reliability and inter- and intra-observer variabilities for quantifying body asymmetry in scoliosis patients from a simple clinical photograph. The method could be used for assessing and monitoring scoliosis and body asymmetry without radiation.
Prevalence of Skin Injuries in Beach Volleyball Athletes in Greece
Authors: Rallis Efstathios , Tertipi Niki , Sfyri Eleni , Kefala Vasiliki
Published: April 2024

Background: Skin injuries often affect the sports community. Almost every type of athletic activity is associated with traumatic skin injuries, such as surface wounds, bruising, abrasions, subcutaneous hematomas, blunt trauma, nail injuries, friction burns, and blisters. Methods: The aim of this study was to assess the rates, location sites, and seasons of appearance of skin injuries in beach volleyball athletes in Greece. Seven hundred and eighty-five beach volleyball athletes participated in this study. The average age was 28.4 years. Skin injuries included superficial wounds (erosions, incisions, lacerations), deep wounds, hematomas, nail lacerations, friction burns, and friction blisters. The recorded variables encompassed gender, age, the time of year when athletes might be at higher risk of injuries, and the specific body regions affected. Additionally, data regarding training details such as years of practice, weekly training frequency, and daily training duration were also documented. Results: Incidence rates correlated to gender: (a) superficial wounds (p < 0.001), (b) years of training: hematomas (p < 0.001), and (c) average hours of daily training: superficial wounds (p < 0.001), deep wounds (p < 0.001), and friction blisters (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Although early detection, recognition, and treatment are essential, the prevention of skin injuries can also be linked to health and athletic performance.
Applying the Discrepancy Consistency Method on CAS-2: Brief Data in a Sample of Greek-Speaking Children
Authors: Georgiou George K. , Sergiou Sergios C. , Charalambous Charalambos Y.
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to examine whether we could use the discrepancy consistency method on CAS-2: Brief data collected in Cyprus. A total of 438 Grade 6 children (201 boys, 237 girls, Mage = 135.75 months, SD = 4.05 months) from Cyprus were assessed on the Cognitive Assessment System-2: Brief that is used to operationalize four neurocognitive processes, namely Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive (PASS) processing. They were also assessed on two measures of reading (Wordchains and CBM-Maze) and mathematics (Mathematics Achievement Test and Mathematics Reasoning Test). The results showed that 31.5% of our sample had a PASS disorder, and 8% to 10% of our sample had both a PASS disorder and an academic disorder. These numbers are similar to those reported in previous studies that used DCM in North America and suggest that the method can be used to inform instruction, particularly in places where no screening for learning disabilities is available.
Investigating Fishing Vessel Hydrodynamics by Using EFD and CFD Tools, with Focus on Total Ship Resistance and Its Components
Authors: Oyuela Sebastian , Ojeda Héctor Rubén Díaz , Arribas Francisco Pérez , Otero Alejandro Daniel , Sosa Roberto
Published: April 2024

The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the hydrodynamics of a typical Argentinian fishing vessel in calm water. It is focused on the evaluation of total ship resistance and its components for different draughts. The 1978 ITTC Power Prediction method is used to predict total ship resistance from experiments carried out at the University of Buenos Aires towing tank. To conduct a more detailed evaluation of the flow around this hull, numerical studies at model scale are carried out with the open-source code OpenFOAM V10 and validated against experimental results. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) method together with Volume of Fluid (VOF) are used for the numerical procedure. The validated CFD model not only can provide more detailed information about the ship’s hydrodynamics than the EFD results but also allows for the exploration of the improvement in ship power prediction by using combined CFD-EFD methodologies. This work numerically calculates the form factor by using a double-body configuration and discusses the possibility of combining EFD results with this CFD form factor in order to improve total force prediction for this kind of ships.
Feet Salvage Using Anterolateral Thigh Flaps after Severe Frostbite Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Martić Krešimir , Vojvodić Borna , Gorjanc Božo , Budimir Ivan , Tucaković Hrvoje , Caktaš Doroteja , Žic Rado , Jaman Josip
Published: April 2024

Background: Frostbite is a severe injury characterized by tissue damage due to exposure to freezing temperatures. It often necessitates prompt medical intervention to prevent further complications such as necrosis and amputation. This case report explores the successful use of bilateral anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flaps for feet salvage in a 19-year-old male refugee from Gambia who suffered severe frostbite injuries. Case Report: The patient, found after six days in freezing conditions, exhibited necrosis on multiple toes. Initial management included stabilization, intravenous fluids, and rewarming. Subsequent necrectomy and amputation revealed exposed metatarsal bones, necessitating a meticulous reconstructive strategy. Bilateral ALT flaps were chosen to preserve walking function, with a staged reconstruction involving multiple operations. The patient’s progress, from inpatient care to outpatient follow-ups, is detailed, emphasizing the challenges and decisions in managing severe frostbite injuries. Results: The surgical intervention utilizing bilateral ALT flaps successfully salvaged the patient’s feet. Throughout the postoperative period, wound care, rehabilitation, and outpatient monitoring contributed to positive outcomes. Despite challenges associated with the patient’s ethnic background and nutritional status, the staged reconstruction facilitated effective healing and functional recovery. The use of ALT flaps provided a reliable solution with minimal donor site morbidity. Conclusion: This case highlights the efficacy of bilateral ALT flap reconstruction in salvaging feet following severe frostbite injury. The successful restoration of foot function underscores the importance of early intervention and tailored reconstructive approaches in frostbite management. Despite patient-specific challenges, including nutritional status and limited healthcare resources, the use of ALT flaps facilitated optimal recovery and functional outcomes. Importantly, this report is unique as it describes a novel case of feet salvage using bilateral ALT flaps in severe frostbite injury, with only one similar case previously reported in the literature. This emphasizes the rarity and significance of this specific surgical approach in frostbite management.
Factors Positively Correlated with Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroconversion in Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Buechter Matthias , Günther Arne Maria , Manka Paul , Gerken Guido , Kahraman Alisan
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health challenge since more than 250 million individuals are affected worldwide. Since different treatment modalities are available and not all patients are candidates for antiviral treatment, biomarkers that potentially predict the possibility of HBsAg clearance and seroconversion may be useful in clinical practice. Patients and methods: In this retrospective study, we aimed to identify factors positively correlated with HBsAg seroconversion in a large cohort of 371 chronic hepatitis B patients treated at a German tertial center between 2005 and 2020. Results: Seroconversion occurred in 25/371 (6.7%) and HBsAg loss in 29/371 patients (7.8%) with chronic HBV infection. Antiviral therapy was associated with a lower chance of seroconversion (seroconversion antiviral therapy 14/260 (5.4%) vs. therapy-naïve patients 11/111 (9.9%), p = 0.027). Seroconversion rates were higher in patients with (very) low titers of HBV DNA (best cut-off value 357 IU/mL) and quantitative HBsAg. The best cut-off value with regard to seroconversion was 357 IU/mL for HBV DNA (AUC 0.693 (95%-CI 0.063–0.422), sensitivity 0.714, specificity 0.729; p < 0.0005) and 33,55 IU/mL for HBsAg (AUC 0.794 (95%-CI 0.651–0.937), sensitivity 0.714, specificity 0.949; p < 0.0005). However, male gender was positively associated with seroconversion (seroconversion: males 7.6% vs. females 2.7%, p = 0.036). Conclusions: Treatment-naïve male chronic HBV patients with low viral load and inflammatory activity have the best chance to achieve seroconversion. In the absence of cirrhosis, antiviral therapy should therefore not be performed in this patient collective.
Structure and Carbon Capture of a Temperate Mixed Forest across Altitudinal Gradients in Northern Mexico
Authors: Castruita-Esparza Luis , Narváez-Flores Raúl , Gutiérrez Mélida , Mojica-Guerrero Aldo , Quiñones-Barraza Gerónimo , Hernández-Salas Javier
Published: April 2024

Maximizing the ability of forests to capture carbon (C) from the atmosphere is critical to mitigate global warming. This is a daunting task as the warming climate is adversely affecting forests with increasing forest fires, pests, and a shift to tree species that can tolerate the newer climate conditions. A large (about 1 million hectares) mixed pine–oak forest in Chihuahua, Mexico, was characterized via 151 plots to determine its floristic diversity and biomass with respect to species, age (tree diameter), and at four altitudinal gradients equally distributed between 1850 and 2850 masl. Higher richness and diversity were found at the altitudinal gradient of 2101–2350 m with 36 species and a Shannon’s index (H’) of 2.95, and the lowest at 2601–2850 m with 17 species and H’ of 2.37. The Sorensen Index showed a high similarity in species composition, with the highest values (71% to 79%) obtained for the 2351–2600 gradient. C storage of the mixed forest increased with altitude from 7.85 Mg C ha−1 in the 1850–2100 m gradient to 14.82 Mg C ha−1 in the 2601–2850 m gradient. C storage in oak decreased with altitude while C storage of pine increased. Viable strategies to maximize C storage under changing climate conditions are discussed, including social safeguards and sale of carbon credits.
The Impact of Land-Use Mix on Technological Innovation: Evidence from a Grid-Cell-Level Analysis of Shanghai, China
Authors: Jiang Hong , Xiong Weiting
Published: April 2024

While the benefits of land-use mix have been widely analyzed with regard to transportation, public health, and economic development, relatively little attention has been paid to empirically investigating the impact of land-use mix on technological innovation at the intra-urban level. Drawing upon a database of geo-coded patents that are used to reflect the capacity of technological innovation, this paper takes Shanghai as a case study and analyzes how the intra-urban distribution of technological innovation has been associated with land-use mix at the 1 km × 1 km grid cell level. Empirical results, which are robust when the grids are divided at the 2 km × 2 km level, show that the degree of land-use mix is positively associated with the number of patents for a given grid, suggesting that grids with a higher level of land-use mix are likely to have more patents, ceteris paribus. Moreover, the results demonstrate an inverted U-curve relationship between land-use mix and technological innovation, indicating that a too much higher level of land-use mix could lead to a smaller number of patents for a certain grid. In addition, the empirical results suggest the existence of spatial dependence in the effect of land-use mix on technological innovation.
Evaluating the Landscape and Ecological Aspects of Urban Planning in Byblos: A Multi-Faceted Approach to Assessing Urban Forests
Authors: Hobeika Mira , Dawalibi Victoria , Kallas Georgio , Russo Alessio
Published: April 2024

Byblos, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site, stands as one of Lebanon’s most ancient urban centers, known for its expansive green spaces. However, ongoing urbanization threatens these valuable areas. This study uses a multi-faceted approach to evaluate the structure and landscape attributes of Byblos’ urban and peri-urban forests (UPFs). Landscape canopy cover, diversity indices, forest structure, and a silhouette perceptual test were assessed across 24 streets in the city center, residential zones, and areas with heavy vehicular traffic. Findings reveal that 28% of Byblos’ canopy cover is concentrated mostly in the northeastern region. Native tree species account for 30% of the total, and a notable variation in tree diversity exists among different land-use types (Shannon diversity index (H) was 1.02 for the city center, 1.35 for residential streets, and 0.64 for vehicular areas). Additionally, a normal J-shaped distribution of tree diameters was identified across all street types. This study highlights a correlation between tree silhouettes and visual preferences, with densely spreading canopies being favored. Residential trees demonstrate the highest structural diversity and varied blossoming seasons. This research represents the first investigation into the current state of urban forestry in Byblos and offers recommendations for sustainable management and planning strategies.