bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An emerging military-industrial-nonprofit complex? Exploring conscripted volunteering in Israel
Authors: Shachar Itamar Y
Published: April 2022

‘Volunteering’ has been emerging in the last decades as an object of intensified political interest and promotion, assembled through a myriad of alignments, composed of state institutions and international bodies, corporations, and third sector actors, operating across local, nationwide, and transnational scales. This article focuses on a particular configuration that I call ‘conscripted volunteering’, in which soldiers engage in activities framed as ‘doing good’ beyond their regular military duties. The article explores how this configuration emerges in Israel through growing efforts to create assemblages of corporate, public, nonprofit, and military actors. These assembling efforts include initiating and maintaining connections, routinizing and sustaining partnerships, and aligning various interests and needs. While some assemblages gradually dissolve, others are successfully sustained and new ones emerge. The overall proliferation of such assemblages in Israel is identified in this article as an emerging ‘military-industrial-nonprofit complex’ that is forged by a consensual neoliberal agenda regarding citizenship and modalities of participation. These insights could be utilized to understand various types of military-humanitarian interventions and to reconceptualize military-society relations more broadly.
Securitized volunteerism and neo-nationalism in Israel’s rural periphery
Authors: Gazit Nir , Grassiani Erella
Published: April 2022

Contemporary volunteering is often considered a neoliberal phenomenon that has become prevalent in an era of post-national sentiments and individualism. Although it is frequently depicted as non-political, it may serve the promotion of political agendas, such as neo-nationalism, outside the traditional frame of the state and its institutions. This becomes particularly salient when non-governmental organizations practice volunteering in ways that undermine the state’s monopoly in the realms of security and public order. We conceptualize this tendency as securitized volunteering – instances of volunteering work that is promoted by, in this case non-state, organizations who are involved in voluntary security activities that are violent (or potentially violent). Drawing on an ethnographic study of the Israeli organization HaShomer HaChadash (The New Guard), this article demonstrates how agricultural and security volunteering is used to advance a neo-nationalist agenda that circumvents the state, and at the same time maintains an apolitical stance. This is achieved through the implementation of two corresponding forms of securitized volunteering – civilianization of security volunteerism and securitization of civilian volunteerism. Blurring the distinction between both forms enables the organization to attract supporters and volunteers that come from various social sectors and to reinforce its seemingly apolitical position and nationalist agenda.
Weaponized volunteering in schools: The discourse of volunteering and pre-military education in Israeli high schools
Authors: Hoffman Tammy
Published: April 2022

This article examines the interrelations between two educational endeavors in Israeli high schools, which are usually perceived as separated. The first is a pre-military education program that is an inherent part of Israeli schools’ formal and nonformal curriculum. The second is the incorporation of volunteering activity in and for the community as a compulsory prerequisite for the matriculation diploma. An integrative analysis of policy and curricular documents of both programs suggests that a shared common discursive framework characterizes these programs. This discourse glorifies an ideal Israeli citizen who serves his country through both civic volunteering and military service. This dual discourse blurs the boundaries between what is considered civic and what is considered military in the education system. Thus, it calls for a reconsideration of the ways in which civic education may be implemented in the education system together with militaristic ideals.
Psychosocial factors associated with mother–infant bonding in Indonesian samples
Authors: Minayati Kusuma , ismail Raden Irawati , Muskananfola Fiona Valerie , Nugraheni Teresia Putri Widia , Chairunnisa Shafira , Wiriadinata Nathaniel Evan Raphaela , Sugiyanto Michael , Clarissa Angelina , Pradana Kent , Wiguna Tjhin
Published: April 2022

Background:

Mother–infant bonding is an important factor that supports an infant’s socio-emotional development. Therefore, every family member should acknowledge these processes, especially in an extended family set-up like in Indonesia. The general study objective was to predict several socio-demographic factors associated with mother–infant bonding in Indonesian samples.

Method:

This is a cross-sectional study. The participants included 168 mothers who had infants aged 0 to 36 months and willingly joined the study by signing the informed consent form. The Indonesian version of mother–infant bonding scale and a socio-demographic questionnaire were administered to all mothers. Logistic regression was applied to identify the socio-demographic factors that had any association with the mother–infant bonding scale. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program version 21 for Mac.

Results:

The study showed that 13.1% of the participants were categorized as having a moderate-to-high level of impaired mother–infant bonding. Logistic regression analysis showed that vaginal or normal delivery mode was 4.07 (95% CI [1.27, 13.09]) times more likely to exhibit low levels of impaired mother–infant bonding compared to a cesarean section. The model explained 18.6% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance in impaired mother–infant bonding and accurately classified 86.9% of cases.

Conclusion:

The findings support prior studies that have been conducted in several countries. Psychoeducation on supporting mother–infant bonding may consist of several topics, such as the advantages of vaginal delivery mode and the importance of family support. It may be delivered in the early adulthood period and, hopefully, basic knowledge during those periods may help strengthen the understanding of mother–infant dyad issues among all family members.
Microcellular foams production from nanocomposites based on PS using MOF nanoparticles with enhanced CO2 properties as nucleating agent
Authors: Cuadra-Rodríguez Daniel , Qi Xiao-Lin , Barroso-Solares Suset , Rodríguez Pérez Miguel Ángel , Pinto Javier
Published: April 2022

The use of metal-organic frameworks (MOF) nanoparticles as nucleating agents in gas dissolution foaming processes is presented. In this work, MOF nanoparticles with three different particle sizes were synthetized and introduced in film composites based on polystyrene at 1 wt.%. The addition of nanoparticles with high affinity to CO2, which is the gas used as a physical blowing agent, can contribute to increase the nucleation efficiency in comparison with the classical heterogeneous route using non CO2-philic particles. Nanoparticles dispersion in solids and cellular structure in foams were studied as a function of the particle size and foaming parameters, studying for first time the impact of MOF nanoparticles on the nucleation by gas dissolution foaming. Nucleation efficiencies in the order of 10−2 were achieved for PS/MOF composites. In addition, the thermal stability of the cellular structure in the composites was enhanced regarding to PS matrix, preserving the cellular structure regardless the foaming temperature. Therefore, MOF nanoparticles have emerged as promising nucleating agents in foaming procedures.
Psychological Responses to Progressive Exercise Until Voluntary Exhaustion: A Study of Adolescent Male Basketball Players
Authors: Laki Adam , Ihász Ferenc , Szabo Attila
Published: April 2022

The affective experience during and after exercise helps determine motivation, commitment, and adherence to sports. Choice reaction time (RT) is critical in decision-making and sports performance. In this within-subjects laboratory experiment, we scrutinized core affect and choice RT in 18 male adolescent basketball players during exercise sessions performed to voluntary exhaustion and during a control condition. The adolescents performed choice RT tasks in one of two exercise conditions and in the control session. Participants’ feeling states differed between exercise and control sessions and decreased slightly even after moderate exercise intensity. Core affect also declined as the workload increased, but it remained pleasant-activated in all conditions. The RT errors increased at the peak exercise intensity. These results suggest that while high-intensity training might negatively affect young athletes’ feeling states and impair their decision-making, their core affect remained positive, with large inter-individual variability. We discuss the practical implications of these results in adolescents’ sports.
The motivations, backgrounds, and practices of business as mission practitioners: Insights from an international survey
Authors: Rundle Steve , Lee Min-Dong Paul
Published: April 2022

“Business as mission” (BAM) was introduced to the Christian missions community during the 2004 Lausanne conference in Pattaya, Thailand. Since then, interest in BAM has grown exponentially, and with it, demand for support services, training, and financing. For all the attention, however, scholarly research in this area has not kept pace, and there remain many unknowns about the personal and contextual factors that contribute to the impact and sustainability of a BAM enterprise. Seeking to address that gap, this paper builds on insights from the social entrepreneurship literature that enables us to construct a typology that distinguishes between four basic types of BAM practitioner. While all four seek to advance the cause of Christ using business, and thus fit the basic definition of BAM, each brings a different combination of motivations, backgrounds, and practices. The relevance of those differences is then explored using survey data collected from 119 self-defined BAM practitioners around the world. We also identify several essential business practices that are correlated with strong economic and social impact. Implications for further research are discussed.
Cultural Diversity in Children’s Braille Books
Authors: Coleman Monique A. , Harrison Judith
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Children’s books help all young readers develop social understanding through recognition of themselves and their worlds and exposure to different cultures and places. Prior content analyses have revealed the underrepresentation of culturally diverse characters in print children’s books; however, the extent to which braille children’s books reflect racial and ethnic diversity has not been investigated. As such, this study examined racial and ethnic diversity in published children’s braille books. Methods: The authors analyzed 328 braille books from the online catalogs of Seedlings Braille Books for Children and National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled (NLS), drawing from schema for describing African American children’s literature. This study presents a tactile version of Rudine Sims Bishop’s mirror, windows, and sliding glass doors metaphor for the purpose of understanding how braille books can enrich the lives of blind or low vision children. Results: The results indicated that characters of color were featured in 12% and 14% of children’s braille books in the Seedlings and NLS catalogs. Culturally conscious content was found in 68% and 86% of the books with characters of color in the Seedlings and NLS catalogs respectively. Discussion: In the context of a highly multicultural society, the findings from this study are remarkably unfortunate. They demonstrate that racially and ethnically diverse children who are blind or have low vision have far fewer opportunities than their white counterparts to experience NLS and Seedlings braille books that represent themselves and their worlds or expose them to different worlds. We strongly encourage the children’s braille book industry to address these findings with urgency. Implications for Practitioners: Teachers of children with visual impairments need to be aware of the literary and social benefits of culturally diverse books and incorporate more of these books into their literacy instruction. They need not wait for additional research or for the children’s braille book industry to publish more books featuring diverse racial and ethnic groups. Teachers of children with visual impairments can prepare culturally diverse braille books for their students and support families in adding braille overlays to culturally diverse print books in their home libraries.
Atheist public school choir directors and their views on religious music performance
Authors: Clark Christopher L.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to investigate the religious development, life experiences, and perspectives of six atheist high school choral music teachers on their current attitudes about performing sacred choral music within the public school education system. Six atheist choir directors participated in eighteen semi-structured interviews, resulting in 608 minutes of data. Main analysis occurred through first- and second-wave coding, with horizontalization within the process. Analysis revealed five main themes that defined atheist choir director experiences: youth religious participation largely motivated by community and vibrant music, moving away from religious teaching throughout adolescence and college, feelings of other as a non-Christian minority, stepping into a role to participate in religious rituals, and programming religious music by presentation rather than proselytizing. Additionally, there was intersectional overlapping between the sexuality of a participant and their development as atheists. The essence of atheist choir directors is that of a lived contradiction between religious music and a non-believing music presenter.
Indianness in Photography
Authors: Jerrentrup Maja Tabea
Published: April 2022

This article explores the question whether there is a specifically Indian style of photography. A survey of photography students from various institutions revealed that though there is little clarity about the actual look of an Indian style of photography, students clearly define their own photographs as Indian. Intriguingly, the focus is less on certain visual characteristics, but more on the feelings they derive from the photographs, a scenario which is reminiscent of the rasa theory. Even though this was hardly mentioned by the students, this psycho-social element seems to have left a cultural imprint but also reflects an act of claiming ownership and agency. In addition, the students identified alienating aspects in photography, such as seeing one’s own culture like an outsider, but at the same time consider it to be integrating, since photography paves the way for a deeper engagement with one’s own culture, and as such strengthens Indianness.
Dyadic links between health changes and well-being: The role of non-spousal confidants
Authors: Martire Lynn M , Zhaoyang Ruixue , Marini Christina M , Nah Suyoung
Published: April 2022

Although the marital relationship is often the primary source of emotional support in adulthood, sole reliance on the spouse to discuss health-related issues may be harmful to the well-being of both partners. The first aim of this study was to examine whether declines in health during later life would be associated with poorer psychological well-being in self and partner. We further investigated whether declining health would have a stronger impact on own and partner psychological well-being in the absence of non-spousal health confidants. Longitudinal actor-partner interdependence models (APIMs) were used to test both hypotheses with dyadic data from Wave 2 (2010–2011) and Wave 3 (2015–2016) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). Contrary to prediction, increased anxiety following spousal declines in gait speed and cognitive function occurred for those whose spouse did (rather than did not) have additional health confidants. A much fuller understanding is needed in regard to whether close relationships provide resources or present unwanted complications to dyadic coping, and the processes by which effects occur.
On guard: Public versus private affection-sharing experiences in same-sex, gender-diverse, and mixed-sex relationships
Authors: Blair Karen L. , McKenna Odessa , Holmberg Diane
Published: April 2022

This study compared public versus private affection-sharing experiences of individuals in mixed-sex ( N = 1018), same-sex ( N = 561), and gender-diverse ( N = 96) relationships. Private affection-sharing was similar across groups, except those in mixed-sex relationships reported somewhat less comfort doing so. Despite having a stronger desire to engage in public affection-sharing, those in same-sex and gender-diverse relationships shared public affection less frequently, were less comfortable doing so, refrained from doing so more often, and experienced much higher levels of vigilance related to public affection-sharing, compared to those in mixed-sex relationships. Heightened PDA-related vigilance may have health consequences, as higher levels were associated with worse psychological and physical well-being in all groups. However, individuals in same-sex relationships showed weaker associations between vigilance and well-being than those in mixed-sex relationships, suggesting possible resilience. Still, engaging in vigilance may take its toll, potentially serving as a mechanism through which minority stress works its effects. When we controlled for PDA-related vigilance, psychological and physical well-being levels in same-sex relationships increased relative to mixed-sex peers.
Actually existing post-socialism: Producing ideological others in eastern Germany
Authors: Gallinat Anselma
Published: April 2022

In this article I will argue that we need to continue working with and through the notion of post-socialism as long as local populations are treated as transitional. That is, as long as policy-makers, politicians, managers and academics engage with local people in the belief that their dispositions, behaviours and personhoods in the democratic present are a result of their own or their predecessors’ life in socialism, and as long as they develop initiatives that aim to counter attitudes seen to result from the state-socialist past. Taking this concept seriously in the sense that powerholders believe in ‘actually existing post-socialism’ allows us to explore not only how such perceptions come about but also their lasting effects on local populations, which is relevant to our anthropological understanding of humanity more widely. The article shows how a perception of a transition to democracy that is yet to be concluded has become intertwined with the production of all-Germany as democratic, which therefore rests upon the continuous reproduction of eastern Germans as ideological, democratically deficient others.
Modeling the Mixed-Service Fleet Problem of Shared-Use Autonomous Mobility Systems for On-Demand Ridesourcing and Carsharing With Reservations
Authors: Abkarian Hoseb , Mahmassani Hani S. , Hyland Michael
Published: April 2022

This paper studies a mixed-service operation of shared-use autonomous mobility systems (SAMS) where customers can request rides either immediately or through reservations and use the vehicle for a point-to-point service or a time-slot-based rental service, respectively. Three autonomous-vehicle-to-user assignment strategies are presented: a first-come-first-served strategy and two optimization-based (bipartite matching) strategies. The mathematical formulations attempt to achieve a good trade-off between the wait times of reservation-based users and on-demand users, while minimizing overall empty fleet miles. A case study in Chicago is presented using taxi data, and the combined mixed-service fleet operation is compared with a case with two separate operations: one for an on-demand point-to-point service and one for a reservation-based time-slot rental service. Results show that a combined mixed-service operation can provide a more balanced service than the case with two separate operations with respect to the key performance measures of wait time and empty fleet miles.
Structural and Fatigue Analysis of Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement Top-Down and Bottom-Up Transverse Cracking Subjected to Superloads
Authors: Koh Yongsung , Ceylan Halil , Kim Sunghwan , Cho In-Ho
Published: April 2022

Superheavy vehicles, also called superloads, have non-standardized loading configurations as well as high gross vehicle weights (GVW) and axle loadings, all of which may cause unexpectedly greater distresses on jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) than those caused by conventional vehicle class types categorized by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). In general, superloads include “Implements of Husbandry” and “Superheavy Loads”, both known to be the main types of heavy transport vehicles in the Midwestern region of the United States. To characterize non-standardized loading configurations of superloads, a mechanistic analysis approach is needed for predicting potential damage to JPCPs. In this paper, critical loading locations are determined and categorized according to the superload loading configuration for each superload generating critical pavement responses for both bottom-up transverse cracking and top-down transverse cracking. Critical pavement responses of JPCPs under critical loading conditions for each superload are calculated by performing finite element analysis and are then converted to damage ratios by comparing them with critical pavement responses resulting from FHWA class 9 truck loading using various available transfer functions based on concrete fatigue test results. The resulting critical loading location for each superload category can then be derived easily and the potential for damage to the JPCP pavement systems by each superload can be determined by comparing fatigue damage ratios.
Robust Multi-Period Maximum Coverage Drone Facility Location Problem Considering Coverage Reliability
Authors: Rajesh Chauhan Darshan , Unnikrishnan Avinash , Figliozzi Miguel A. , Boyles Stephen D.
Published: April 2022

This study proposes a multi-period facility location formulation to maximize coverage while meeting a coverage reliability constraint. The coverage reliability constraint is a chance constraint limiting the probability of failure to maintain the desired service standard, commonly followed by emergency medical services and fire departments. Further, uncertainties in the failure probabilities are incorporated by utilizing robust optimization using polyhedral uncertainty sets, which results in a compact mixed-integer linear program. A case study in the Portland, OR metropolitan area is analyzed for employing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones to deliver defibrillators in the region to combat out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. In the context of this study, multiple periods represent periods with different wind speed and direction distributions. The results show that extending to a multi-period formulation, rather than using average information in a single period, is particularly beneficial when either response time is short or uncertainty in failure probabilities is not accounted for. Accounting for uncertainty in decision-making improves coverage significantly while also reducing variability in simulated coverage, especially when response times are longer. Going from a single-period deterministic formulation to a multi-period robust formulation boosts the simulated coverage values by 57%, on average. The effect of considering a distance-based equity metric in decision-making is also explored.
The Role of Social Norms on Direct-to-Physician Pharmaceutical Marketing Payment Acceptance
Authors: Tong Pui Ying , Yencha Christopher , Ishida Chiharu
Published: April 2022

In this article, the authors apply institutional theory to explain physician acceptance of pharmaceutical marketing payments and the mechanisms by which the behavior may be influenced by social groups. Using a large panel of over three million physician-year observations, the authors provide evidence that peer and organization norms, captured by the prevalence of peers and organizational members accepting pharmaceutical marketing payments, play an important role in one's decision to accept such payments. The authors further show that this effect attenuates with physical and psychological distances, as proximal social groups most influence one's decision to accept pharmaceutical marketing payments. The authors also find that being male, having longer tenure, or practicing at a teaching hospital strengthens the positive effect of peer influence on volume of pharmaceutical marketing payments accepted. The findings contribute to the literature on institutional theory, provide insights into the management of conflicts of interest, and suggest policy to mitigate the externalities resulting from direct-to-physician pharmaceutical marketing payment.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression in Parkinson’s Disease: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Koszycki Diana , Taljaard Monica , Kogan Cary , Bradwejn Jacques , Grimes David
Published: April 2022

Individuals living with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experience interpersonal stressors that contribute to depressive risk. Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) emphasizes the bidirectional relationship between interpersonal stressors and mood may therefore be a suitable treatment for PD-depression. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of delivering 12 sessions of IPT to depressed PD patients and explore the need for modifications. A secondary aim was to obtain descriptive information about efficacy outcomes. The study used a pre-post design without a comparison group. Participants were 12 PD patients with a major depressive disorder. IPT was well accepted and tolerated by patients and required minimal modifications. Compliance with session attendance and completion of study questionnaires were excellent and treatment satisfaction was high. Depression scores declined from baseline to endpoint, with 7 patients meeting criteria for remission at endpoint. Findings are encouraging and a larger randomized controlled trial is currently underway to ascertain if IPT is an efficacious treatment for PD-depression.
Novel vanillin-based benzoxazine containing phthalonitrile thermosetting system: Simple synthesis, autocatalytic polymerization and high thermomechanical properties
Authors: Soudjrari Sarah , Derradji Mehdi , Amri Bouchra , Djaber Khawla , Mehelli Oussama , Tazibet Sana , Abdous Slimane , Ramdani Noureddine , Liu Wenbin , Khadraoui Azzedine
Published: April 2022

Benzoxazine containing phthalonitrile, as one of the most advanced high performance thermosetting resin, has gained a lot of attention in the last decades. Indeed, the combination of the thermally activated ring-opening polymerization of the benzoxazine and the cyano addition reaction of the phthalonitrile allows the development of robust polymeric networks. Following this path, a renewable natural resource, vanillin, was used to develop a new benzoxazine containing phthalonitrile thermosetting system. The newly developed monomers present the advantage of a simple synthesis process along with an autocatalytic polymerization mechanism. The molecular structures of the synthesized monomers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy . Thermal properties were also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis . Typically, the newly developed monomers showed excellent thermal stability with starting decomposition temperatures over 496.4°C with a char yield at 800°C of about 80.7%. The thermomechanical properties were investigated by dynamic mechanical analyzer and the fractured surfaces were studied by scanning electron microscopy Globally, the newly developed partially bio polymer showed outstanding thermal resistance along with excellent thermomechanical properties.
Effect of thermo-mechanical loading on machining induced residual stresses in ultrasonic vibration assisted turning of Ti6Al4V alloy
Authors: Venkata Sivareddy Dondeti , Krishna Pasam Vamsi , Venu Gopal Anne
Published: April 2022

The study of residual stresses induced during machining is of considerable importance due to their effect on fatigue life of machined components. The metallurgical changes occurred due to thermo-mechanical phenomenon in cutting process affects the distribution of residual stress in machined components. Ultrasonic vibration assisted turning (UVAT) is effective machining process for low thermal conductivity materials like Ti6Al4V alloy and improves the surface characteristics by reducing cutting force and cutting temperature. In this paper, experimental and finite element (FE) studies are conducted to study the circumferential and axial residual stress distribution in UVAT of Ti6Al4V alloy. FE model is developed to study the effect of vibrating parameter (ultrasonic power intensity) and cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut) on the residual stress profiles of machined surface. The FE simulation results of cutting force and cutting temperature are validated with experimental results. The circumferential and axial surface residual stresses obtained from FE simulation are also compared with experimental results using X-ray diffraction method. The effect of thermo-mechanical loading on residual stress distribution is analyzed with respect to force components (cutting force and feed force) and cutting temperature. Finally, the effect of each cutting parameter on subsurface layer of machined component is analyzed.
Multipass double-sided incremental forming method for improving geometric accuracy and forming quality
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang He , Li XiaoQiang , Li Zhen
Published: April 2022

Double-sided incremental forming (DSIF) has been extensively researched due to its high flexibility, good formability, and low cost when performed in small batches, and it enables the production of personalized sheet parts. However, the influences of process parameters on the geometric accuracy, thickness distribution, and forming quality are not well understood. In this paper, a multipass DSIF method is proposed. Based on the law of sines, the distance between the closest surface of the hemispherical forming tool and the supporting hemispherical tool is given, and a series of experiments are conducted. The influences of process parameters such as the toolpath strategy, incremental depth, and squeeze factor on the quality metrics in multipass DSIF, such as the geometric error, thickness distribution, and forming quality are investigated and compared to those formed by DSIF, accumulative double-sided incremental forming, and mixed double-sided incremental forming. The results show that multipass DSIF can effectively improve the geometric accuracy, thickness distribution, and surface quality. The thinning of the material increases slightly with the squeeze factor of the first D-pass decreases, and the different incremental depths have little effect on the thickness distribution. The multipass DSIF method provides some significant engineering advancements for improving geometric accuracy and forming quality.
Active suspension control strategy of heavy rescue vehicle based on multi-sensor information fusion
Authors: Gong Mingde , Chen Hao , Zhao Dingxuan , Zhu Jianxu , Deng Yingjie , Song Hui
Published: April 2022

This study proposes the active suspension control strategy of heavy rescue vehicles based on multi-sensor information fusion to address the problem of poor ride comfort and stability of heavy rescue vehicles on unstructured pavement. Firstly, an attitude fusion algorithm with acceleration compensation is designed. According to the driving speed, the appropriate cut-off frequency of acceleration filter is selected, and the extended Kalman filter is designed to complete the optimal estimation of position and attitude information. Secondly, the vehicle nine degree of freedom model is established, and the inverse matrix of attitude control is solved to obtain the suspension actuator output. Lastly, an active suspension control strategy based on multi-sensor information fusion is designed. The body attitude information after the information fusion is used for the control of active suspension system to realize the real-time adjustment of body attitude. Test results show that the root mean square values of vertical displacement, pitch angle, and roll angle under active suspension are reduced by 37.01%, 26.96%, and 38.90%, respectively, compared with those under in passive suspension. This reduction improves the ride comfort and stability of the heavy rescue vehicles on unstructured pavement.
Performance analysis of the seat suspension using different models of the optimal negative-stiffness-structures
Authors: Ni Dengke , Van Liem Nguyen , Li Shiming
Published: April 2022

Three different models of the steel spring (SS), the roller-spring (RS), and the air spring (AS) in the negative-stiffness-structure (NSS) used for the driver’s seat suspension system are proposed to ameliorate the vehicle’s ride comfort. A vehicle dynamics model with the driver’s seat isolation system added by the SS, RS, and AS is built and simulated under the different operating conditions of the vehicle. The geometric dimensions and the dynamic stiffness coefficients of the SS, RS, and AS in the NSS are optimized by the genetic algorithm to further enhance the vehicle’s ride comfort. The performance of the optimal SS (OSS), the optimal RS (ORS), and the optimal AS (OAS) in the NSS is assessed through the weight Root-Mean-Square value of the deformation of the driver’s seat suspension system ( zwsb) and the driver’s seat acceleration response ([Formula: see text]). The research shows that with the NSS added into the driver’s seat suspension system, the driver’s ride comfort and the deformation of the driver’s seat suspension system are remarkably improved compared to the driver’s seat suspension system without the NSS. Additionally, the design parameters of the SS, RS, and AS in the NSS also significantly influence their isolation performance. With using the OSS, ORS, and OAS in the NSS, the stable result of the non-dimensional restoring force of the OAS at a variable range of the non-dimensional deformation z is smaller than both the OSS and ORS. Therefore, the OAS better improves the driver’s ride comfort compared to both the OSS and ORS. In particular, the zwsb and [Formula: see text] with the OAS are remarkably decreased by 40.05% and 36.28% compared to the OSS; and by 62.57% and 86.66% in comparison without the NSS, respectively. Therefore, the OAS in the NSS should be applied to the driver’s seat suspension system to further ameliorate the vehicle’s ride quality.
Effect of coronal fracture angle on the stability of screw fixation in medial malleolar fractures: A finite element analysis
Authors: Yunus Emre Tuluhan , Kursat Celik Huseyin , Arik Hasan O , Rennie Allan E. W. , Kose Ozkan
Published: April 2022

Malleolar screw fixation is the most widely used treatment method for medial malleolar (MM) fractures. Here, although buttress plate fixation is advocated for vertical MM fractures, the angular discrimination between oblique and vertical MM fractures is still not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to test the adequacy of screw fixation in MM fractures with different angles and determination of a ‘critical fracture angle’ to guide surgeons in the decision-making for screw fixation for MM fractures by utilizing an advanced engineering simulation approach. In addition to loading of the healthy tibia structure, various cases of the MM fracture double screw fixation (14 simulation scenarios in total with fracture angles between 30° and 90°, in 5° increments) were considered in this research and their static loading conditions just after fixation operation were simulated through nonlinear (geometric and contact nonlinearity) finite element analysis (FEA). Patient-specific computed tomography scan data, parametric three-dimensional solid modelling and finite element method (FEM) based engineering codes were employed in order to simulate the fixation scenarios. Visual and numerical outputs for the deformation and stress distributions, separation and sliding behaviours of the MM fracture fragments of various screw fixations were clearly exhibited through FEA results. Minimum and maximum separation distances (gap) of 3.75 and 150.34 µm between fracture fragments at fracture angles of 30° and 90° were calculated respectively against minimum and maximum sliding distances of 25.87 and 41.37 µm between fracture fragments at fracture angles of 90° and 35°, respectively. The FEA results revealed that while the separation distance was increasing, the sliding distance was decreasing and there were no distinct differences in sliding distances in the scenarios from fracture angles of 30°–90°. The limitations and errors in a FEA study are inevitable, however, it was interpreted that the FEA scenarios were setup in this study by utilizing acceptable assumptions providing logical outputs under pre-defined boundary conditions. Finally, the fracture healing threshold for separation and/or sliding distance between fracture fragments was assigned as 100 µm by referring to previous literature and it was concluded that the screws fixed perpendicular to the fracture in a MM fracture with more than 70° angle with the tibial plafond results in a significant articular separation (>100 µm) during single-leg stand. Below this critical angle of 70°, two screws provide sufficient fixation.
Factors Affecting Lobbying: Illustrations From India
Authors: Shreyaskar Pankaj K. P. , Pandey Mrinalini , Pathak Pramod
Published: April 2022

Lobbying, as has been reported occasionally in various public processes in the last few decades in India, is being practiced vociferously by most of the politico-economic actors, including by the most revered ones. Their actions, however, largely remain discreet and subdued. Accordingly, very few academic literatures explaining various modus operandi of lobbying in India, is available let alone setting up any model of interaction among the economic actors. Besides, the parameters relied upon by the lobbying actors to evolve an appropriate strategy to undertake lobbying action have not been studied in Indian context. It is imperative that the lobbying actors and their strategies would significantly differ among various nations depending upon their politico-economic settings, India is no exception. The present article aims to propose a conceptual model of interaction among the economic actors in the Indian context. Further, it also examines the rationale of pivotal Indian lobbying actors for relying upon the outside and inside lobbying strategies, which thus far was limited to the lobbyists of the US and the EU in the academic parlance. Besides, it also presents the strategies and tools of lobbying to garner influences in India.
Basic exploration and research on magnetoelectric synergistic rheological finishing
Authors: Huang Zhanliang , Pan Jisheng , Luo Bin , Yan Qiusheng , Chen Zhijun
Published: April 2022

Both the magnetorheological effect and the electrorheological effect can effectively constrain and clamp abrasives for polishing processing. This paper proposes a magneto-electric synergy rheological finishing (MERF) method. Based on a magnetoelectric composite field simulation, magnetoelectric synergistic rheological finishing equipment is built. A polishing slurry with both electrorheological and magnetorheological effects is prepared for processing a 2-inch single-crystal silicon wafer. Comb-type electrodes and cylindrical flat-bottomed magnetic poles are used to construct magnetoelectric composite fields. Under the action of a magnetoelectric composite field, a hemispherical polishing pad with abrasives distributed in strips can be obtained. By conducting a test, a smooth and gentle arc cross section of the removed contour can be obtained. The removal rate of MERF was 4.04 mg/h, which was between those of electrorheological finishing (ERF) and magnetorheological finishing (MRF). The surface roughness Ra reached 1.80 nm, and the depth and width of the machining traces were the largest. Magnetoelectric synergistic rheological finishing equipment can realize processing under electric fields, magnetic fields, and magnetoelectric composite fields. The MERF method can effectively enhance the semifixed binding force and distributional uniformity of the abrasive and achieve a more efficient and uniform planarization process.
Task-parallel in situ temporal compression of large-scale computational fluid dynamics data
Authors: Pacella Heather , Dunton Alec , Doostan Alireza , Iaccarino Gianluca
Published: April 2022

Present day computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations generate considerable amounts of data, sometimes on the order of TB/s. Often, a significant fraction of this data is discarded because current storage systems are unable to keep pace. To address this, data compression algorithms can be applied to data arrays containing flow quantities of interest (QoIs) to reduce the overall required storage. The matrix column interpolative decomposition (ID) can be implemented as a type of lossy compression for data matrices that factors the original data matrix into a product of two smaller factor matrices. One of these matrices consists of a subset of the columns of the original data matrix, while the other is a coefficient matrix which approximates the original data matrix columns as linear combinations of the selected columns. Motivating this work is the observation that the structure of ID algorithms makes them well suited for the asynchronous nature of task-based parallelism; they can operate independently on subdomains of the system of interest and, as a result, provide varied levels of compression. Using the task-based Legion programming model, a single-pass ID algorithm (SPID) for CFD applications is implemented. Performance studies, scalability, and the accuracy of the compression algorithm are presented for a benchmark analytical Taylor-Green vortex problem, as well as large-scale implementations of both low and high Reynolds number ( Re) compressible Taylor-Green vortices using a high-order Navier-Stokes solver. In the case of the analytical solution, the resulting compressed solution was rank-one, with error on the order of machine precision. For the low- Re vortex, compression factors between 1000 and 10,000 were achieved for errors in the range 10−2–10−3. Similar error values were seen for the high- Re vortex, this time with compression factors between 100 and 1000. Moreover, strong and weak scaling results demonstrate that introducing SPID to solvers leads to negligible increases in runtime.
Love your idol in a ‘cleaned’ way: Fans, fundraising platform, and fandom governance in China
Authors: Liao Chengxi , Fu Pengfei
Published: April 2022

In 2021, a top-down rectification movement called ‘Clean Up’ impinged on Chinese idol fandom culture. This movement triggered discussions about the transforming governance strategy over fandom and broader Chinese Internet users. This article explores the complexity and shift of governance on Chinese idol fans by examining the digital fandom fundraising platform Taoba. Drawing from the walkthrough analysis of xiufen (fans of idol competition shows), we investigate three key stakeholders: platform, state, and xiufen fandom, to reflect on wider Internet governance issues in China. We argue that Chinese idol fans like xiufen are subject to a governance structure where power relations between different players are highly complex and entangled. The state-corporate-society co-opting mode of governance has evolved toward what we termed ‘coercive co-opting’, in which digital platforms and users conform with the imaginaries and ideologies of the state, while the authorities still intervene in an intimidating and suppressive manner.
Porous thermal barrier coatings for enhancing the efficiency of internal combustion engines
Authors: Uczak de Goes Wellington , Gupta Mohit , Markocsan Nicolaie , Thibblin Anders , Veselý Zdeněk , Honnerová Petra
Published: April 2022

Internal combustion engines have a key role in the social and economic advancement of modern society but also a significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. For these engines, to preserve their role, a higher efficiency, that dramatically reduces the environmental impact, is necessary. To achieve increased engine efficiency, a technical solution is to lower the heat losses in the combustion chamber. Among them, the heat losses to the pistons are the preferential route, due to their extensive impact on fuel consumption. In this paper, porous thermal barrier coatings with large pores were applied to the pistons of diesel engines to improve engine efficiency. Atmospheric Plasma Spray (APS) process and porosity former TBC feedstock were employed to obtain high porosity coatings with large pores. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was utilized to investigate the microstructure of the coating in coupons and pistons. The optical properties of the coatings were explored with two methods: the spectral normal hemispherical reflectivity at room temperature (SNHRRT) and spectral normal emissivity at high temperature (SNEHT). The coatings’ behavior under thermal cyclic conditions was assessed by Flame Rig Test. Microstructure analysis was also performed before and after the test to identify the failure mechanisms. The engine efficiency was evaluated by measuring the Indicated Specific Fuel Consumption (ISFC) in a single-cylinder engine test. The results showed that porous coating with large pores combined with a higher emissivity can withstand the engine environment well and have the potential to provide enhancements in engine efficiency.
Co-creating ecological restoration experiences at Aotearoa (New Zealand) eco-sanctuaries: An environmental philosophical approach
Authors: Zhang Guojie , Higham James ES , Albrecht Julia N
Published: April 2022

With the continuing biodiversity crisis in New Zealand, an increasing number of eco-sanctuaries have been established to restore local ecology through the active management of invasive predator species, in combination with the translocation of endangered endemic wildlife. Seeking to achieve the (near) complete restoration of pre-human ecosystems, many of these projects are community-led social enterprises where tourism is developed for operation revenue and conservation advocacy. This paper explores perceptions of ecological restoration and tourism by individuals involved in the management and operation at New Zealand mainland eco-sanctuaries and considers implications for the co-creation of visitor experiences. Informed by theories of environmental philosophy, it presents an analysis of 14 in-depth interviews. The findings reveal that the philosophies of the participants can either challenge visitors to reflect upon their ecological perspectives or pay increased attention to visitor interests and accommodate diverse perspectives in the provision of the tourist experience. This paper contributes new knowledge by identifying participants’ eco-centric and shallow anthropocentric environmental ethics and dilemmas facing tourism development at community-led ecological restoration sites. In doing so, it considers the possibility that co-created visitor experiences at eco-sanctuaries can challenge the environmental philosophies of visitors.