bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of COVID–19 on the Mental Health of the Youth
Authors: Yugarajan Yogaletchmi
Published: December 2024

In early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 occurred in Wuhan City and spread around the world. Many countries have implemented a range of control measures due to the perceived risk of contracting sickness. In our work, we investigated how the virus and containment affected the psyche of young people and what the consequences are for them in the future. There are clear psychological consequences which were caused by the containment of the virus, but the serious consequences will only become apparent in the next few years or decades. In our work, we investigated how the virus and subsequent containment measures affected the psyche of young people and what the potential long-term consequences may be. The psychological effects of the pandemic were significant, with many young people experiencing heightened levels of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and uncertainty about their future. While the immediate psychological consequences were evident during the pandemic, it is likely that the more serious, long-term effects will only become apparent in the coming years or even decades. As young people transition into adulthood, the pandemic’s impact on their mental health, social development, and career prospects may lead to enduring challenges. It is crucial to continue studying and addressing these effects to mitigate the potential for long-lasting harm and to support the mental well-being of future generations.
Maize Fertilizer Requirement Estimates Through Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economic Analysis from Assosa, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Anbessa Bakala , Abera Girma
Published: December 2024

Scientific information with regards to the response of maize (Zea mays L.) to different blended fertilizer rates for its optimum production in Nitisols of Assosa area is limited. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted on Nitisols of Assosa Agricultural Research Centre during 2016/17 cropping season to investigate the response of growth, yield and nutrient use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) to different blended fertilizer rates and types. The treatments consists of: control, three rates of N and P combined (92/46, 115/57 and 138/69 N/P2O5 kg ha-1 and two formula of blended fertilizers with different rates, formula 2 consists of 100 kg NPSB+ 73.9 N, 150 kg NPSB +110.8 N and 200 kg NPSB + 147.8 N kg ha-1 and formula 4 consists of 100 kg NPSZnB + 75.1 N, 150 kg NPSZnB + 112.6 N 1 and 200 kg NPSZnB +150.2 N kg ha-1. The treatments were laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Application of blended fertilizers (NPSB, NPSZnB) hastened days to tasseling silking and maturity by 10, 7 and 15 days, respectively as compared to combined N and P rates. Application of blended fertilizer increases significantly (p < 0.01) the plant height, cob weight, ear length, 100 kernels weight, number of kernels per row and ear height as compared to combined N and P and the control. The analysis of variance revealed that fertilizer types and rates significantly (P < 0.01) affected on grain yield, straw yield and harvest index. However there was no significant difference between the two blended fertilizer types. Maximum grain yield (7056.2 kg ha-1) was recorded with 200 Kg NPSZnB + 150.2 N kg ha-1 application, while minimum grain yield 2996.0 kg ha-1 was recorded from control treatment. The application of 150 kg NPSB + 110.8 N kg ha-1 had highest Marginal rate of return (MRR%) and net benefit. Therefore, we recommended the treatment (150 Kg NPSB + 110.8N kg ha-1) since it produced high marginal rate of return, high net benefit and relatively small total cost of production, for maize production in Asossa area. Furthermore, based on yield, net benefit and relatively low total cost of production the farmer of Asossa area also can use 150 kg NPSZnB + 112.6 N in case of absence of NPSB in market.
Climate Change and Prosopis Juliflora: Impact on Rangelands in the Afar Region, Ethiopia: A Review
Authors: Morebo Melese
Published: December 2024

This literature review examines the dual impact of climate change and the invasive species Prosopis juliflora on rangelands in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Climate change has intensified environmental stressors in this arid region, leading to increased temperatures and erratic rainfall patterns, which threaten the productivity of rangelands. Concurrently, Prosopis juliflora, an invasive species introduced for reforestation, has spread aggressively across these rangelands, exacerbating land degradation. The review synthesizes current research on the ecological and socio-economic effects of Prosopis juliflora invasion, including its impact on soil properties, water resources, and livestock productivity. It also explores how climate change may enhance the spread of Prosopis juliflora, creating a feedback loop that further degrades rangeland ecosystems. Despite existing management strategies, such as mechanical removal and chemical treatments, their effectiveness has been limited. The review identifies significant research gaps and emphasizes the need for integrated management approaches that address both climate change and invasive species. Sustainable strategies are crucial for mitigating the combined threats to the Afar Region's rangelands and supporting the livelihoods of local pastoral communities.
Case Management Organization and Implementation in Probation Services in Romania
Authors: Koblicska Laura-Julia
Published: December 2024

Since there is little prior knowledge on the effects of case management on offenders behavioral patterns, this paper aims to identify how the activities carried out by probation officers has impacted supervised persons, but also to draw useful conclusions regarding ethical standards in case management. The topic of this paper is of real interest to probation practitioners, as conducting the supervision process, preparing pre- and post-sentence reports in the course of assistance and counseling activities, and the specific nature of interactions with beneficiaries of Probation Services inherently lead to the emergence of ethically challenging situations. The foundation of this topic lies in the need to explore and analyze the nature of these dilemmas, their frequency, the ways counselors respond when faced with ethical ambiguity, identifying optimal responses and reactions from a deontological and ethical perspective, and ultimately outlining best practices. Although this topic is extremely broad, in this paper the focus is on the counselor-beneficiary relationship, being mindful of the numerous aspects that can be addressed, as highlighted in discussions with colleagues from various services and in the final question of the questionnaire used in this study. As a result of the research undertaken, I aimed to present how we, as probation counselors, analyze and manage various dilemmas encountered in daily practice, relevant legislative guidelines, and optimized response strategies. In the end, the conclusions provide an opportunity for reflection and learning, which can offer a greater degree of confidence, security, and control over these situations.
Impression of the Effects of Climate Change on Genetic Resources and Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Production
Authors: Regassa Meseret
Published: December 2024

One percent of the overall value of international trade is made up of coffee, one of the most significant traded commodities. Around the world, 25 million farmers rely on coffee as their main crop. Coffee production and genetic resources are seriously threatened by rising temperatures and increased precipitation that would follow from climate change, despite the fact that coffee is important for the economies of many countries. The examination of the effects of climate change on coffee production and genetic resources, as well as the recommendation of potential measures for their mitigation and adaptation, are the goals of this research. High temperatures and unpredictable rainfall brought on by climate change directly lower coffee yield by impacting plant growth and development. Additionally, it indirectly lowers the yield and quality of coffee and fosters the occurrence of more coffee-related diseases and pests. Furthermore, it was predicted by global circulation models that the distribution of places with the right climate for Arabica coffee could be affected by changes in temperature and precipitation, making many of those regions unsuitable. Additionally, there is a high risk of extinction for wild coffee and coffee germplasm accessions of Arabica coffee, which have been preserved in Ethiopia and many other nations' ex-situ field gene banks. These factors will have a significant impact on the majority of top coffee producers in the future. As a result, countries that cultivate coffee should be aware of how changing climatic factors affect coffee output and genetic resources and implement the necessary mitigation and adaptation measures.
Modeling the Influence of Raleigh Numbers on Thermal and Fluidic Behaviors in a Trapezoid-shaped Cell
Authors: Koumbem Windé , Bignan-Kagomna Bouwèreou , Bagaya Noufou , Ilboudo Wend , Daouda Pare , Ouédraogo Issaka , Kam Sié
Published: December 2024

We model the influence of Raleigh numbers in a trapezoidal cavity. One wall among the sloping walls is exposed to a heat flux density Q=100 W/ m2 and the other inclined wall is kept adiabatic. The temperature of the two horizontal walls is assumed to be constant such that Tsup=305K is greater than Tinf=300K. The equations of heat and mass transfer which direct our template are described by the Navier-Stockes equation. These equations are discretized using the finite difference method and solved by the Thomas and Gauss-Seidel algorithms. Thus, we analyze the effects of the Raleigh numbers (Ra) on temperature profiles T = 303.15 K and speeds v = 0 m/s. For a variation of Ra=103-105, we note that the convective exchanges of the confined air and the different walls become preponderant with the increase in the Rayleigh number. Also, we contact that the speed of the confined air remains high along the horizontal walls for a Ra high number, but low near the inclined walls. These results show the effects of natural convection in this trapezoidal cavity.
Glycaemic Status Among Neonates in Perinatal Asphyxia with Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (Stage II and Stage III) in a Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Thakur Mukta , Jesmine Jakiya , Sultana Ajmiri , Jui Farjana , Sonia Umme , Mridha Md.
Published: December 2024

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Hypoxic ischaemic brain injury is the most important consequences of perinatal asphyxia which ultimately results in immediate and delayed form of neuronal death. The aim of this study was to find a relationship between glycaemic status and immediate outcomes of perinatal asphyxia. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in Department of Paediatrics, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, from 16th April 2019 to 15th October 2019. Total 100 term asphyxiated newborn babies with HIE (Stage II and III) admitted within 24 hours were enrolled according to selection criteria, Blood glucose level and other relevant tests were done in all included patients. Results: The mean age of the neonates was 6.31±0.91 hours. Among the patients, 60% were male and 40% were female. Most cases (65%) had normal birth weight, while 35% were low birth weight. Common clinical features included respiratory distress (59%), poor feeding (75%), lethargy (33%), grunting (48%), and petechiae (6%). Moderate encephalopathy (Stage II) was observed in 63% of cases, and severe asphyxia (Stage III) in 37%. Hypoglycaemia was present in 26% of neonates, hyperglycaemia in 3%, and 71% had normal glucose levels. Hypoglycaemia was significantly associated with severe asphyxia, occurring in 45.9% of severe cases compared to 14.2% of moderate cases (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was significant association between glycaemic abnormalities with severity of perinatal asphyxia and immediate outcome of the asphyxiated newborn.
Exclusive Breast-Feeding Practices in Bangladesh: An Observational Study
Authors: Islam Mohammad , Ghosh Kinkar , Mobarak Reaz , Chowdhury Mahmudul , Alam Sumaira , Begum Sheuly , Roy Puspanjali , Iqbal Mohammed , Iqbal Habiba , Sayeed Al
Published: December 2024

Exclusive breastfeeding practices contribute to the overall well-being and development of child. In spite of Bangladesh has National Breastfeeding Policy and also Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative the exclusive breastfeeding rate in Bangladesh remains below. However, establishing EBF remains a significant problem not only in Bangladesh but in other developing nations. The aim of the study was to observe the actual scenario of exclusive breast feeding (EBF) practices in Bangladesh. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 32 government health care facilities of Bangladesh for five months. Multi stage stratified sampling design was followed for selection of study places and mothers whom visited health care facilities having a child with below one year of age was selected purposively. Data collection was conducted by using a structured questionnaire by face-face interview. Data coding and analysis or statistical analysis done by SPSS version 26. Among 320 respondents, Socio demographic characteristics of respondents revealed 92.2% were house wife; most of them had primary to higher secondary level education. Among them 75.9% of the mother delivered their baby at hospital and mode of the delivery percentage was almost similar which was 50%. Two third of the mother exclusively breast fed their child (74%) and know about benefits of colostrum (78.1%). Foster multidisciplinary teamwork, continuous leadership support, and enforce national or institutional policies, focusing on the National Breastfeeding Policy and Regulation of Breast Milk Substitutes Act can increase the practices.
Hydrophilic Polyacrylamide Gels Modified with Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone
Authors: Vislohuzova Tetiana , Rozhnova Rita , Kiselova Tetiana , Kozlova Galyna , Nechaeva Lіudmyla , Galatenko Natalia
Published: December 2024

In modern medicine, there is a need to create biologically active polymer materials for the controlled release of drugs with improved characteristics compared to existing materials. Hydrogels are an ideal basis for creating such materials due to their high water content, excellent biocompatibility, and soft consistency, which is similar to that of body tissues. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and investigate hydrogels modified with poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) for their potential use as drug carriers. A series of polyacrylamide gels (PAAGs) were synthesized, modified with PVP at concentrations of 0.3 wt.%, 0.5 wt.% and 1.0 wt.% relative to the weight of acrylamide. The synthesis was performed through free radical polymerization of acrylamide, N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide, and PVP in a sodium phosphate buffer solution (pH 8.0–8.5) in the presence of an oxidation-reduction initiation system (ammonium persulfate and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine). The structural characteristics, water absorption, rheological, and sorption properties of these hydrogels were analyzed. IR spectroscopic analysis revealed that the incorporation of PVP into the PAAG structure leads to alterations in the hydrogen bonding of NH groups within the polymer matrix and changes in the skeletal chain, associated with varying contents of CH, CH2, CH3 groups. Rheological studies demonstrated that PVP-modified hydrogels exhibit a reduction in viscosity by 22.4-35.3% compared to unmodified PAAGs, depending on the PVP content. Despite this decrease in viscosity, the structural stability remained sufficient for the hydrophilic matrix to function effectively in drug immobilization. The water absorption studies indicated absorption values ranging from 761.9 to 1059.8%. Sorption properties were assessed using the drug dacarbazine, revealing that increasing the PVP content in the hydrogel to 0.5 wt.% and 1.0 wt.% enhanced the sorption capacity of PAAGs by 21.1% and 27.1%, respectively. Thus, the synthesized hydrogel materials exhibit sorption capacity for dacarbazine and demonstrate high water absorption values, indicating that they are promising materials for use as drug carriers in medical practice; thus, they require further medical and biological research.
From Home to the Streets: Identifying Factors Influencing Children's Vulnerability in Dire Dawa City Administration
Authors: Hailu Tatek
Published: December 2024

This study, titled "From Home to the Streets: Identifying Factors Influencing Children's Vulnerability in Dire Dawa City Administration," aims to understand the complex issues surrounding street children in Dire Dawa. It identifies the primary factors leading to children's street involvement, examines the everyday challenges these children face, and evaluates the survival strategies they adopt. The objective is to bridge existing knowledge gaps by shedding light on the lived experiences of these vulnerable children, thus contributing to the formulation of support mechanisms that could alleviate their hardships and potentially help them break free from poverty and marginalization. A mixed-methods approach was employed to achieve a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to children's vulnerability. Data collection involved both qualitative and quantitative methods: personal interviews, focus group discussions, and observations provided qualitative insights, while structured surveys gathered quantitative data on demographics and socio-economic conditions. This dual approach enabled the study to capture both the individual experiences and broader societal trends influencing street children. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically to identify patterns, while descriptive and inferential statistics provided an empirical understanding of quantitative data, examining correlations between variables such as family income and street life. The findings highlight a range of factors contributing to streetism, including economic hardship, family instability, limited access to education, and lack of social support systems. These insights emphasize the urgent need for holistic, sustainable solutions to address the root causes of streetism. Recommendations proposed include expanding access to flexible education programs, strengthening family support systems, and introducing economic empowerment initiatives for the families of street children. Additionally, food security programs, safe shelters, social protection, and inclusive urban planning are essential to address the children’s immediate needs and long-term security. In conclusion, addressing streetism in Dire Dawa requires a multifaceted intervention strategy. Poverty alleviation, family support, and inclusive urban planning are vital to ensure that these children have opportunities for a stable future. The study’s recommendations offer actionable steps to improve the welfare of street children and foster their reintegration into society, thereby contributing to a more equitable and supportive community in Dire Dawa.
Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Selected Districts of South West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Biratu Gemechis , Debelo Motuma , Tolosa Tadale , Abdisa Walde , Wagari Moti , Mardasa Dasalegn , Guta Dagne , Abdisa Walde
Published: December 2024

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Selected Districts of South West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Evaluation of Endometrial Receptivity in Unexplained Infertility After Clomiphene Citrate by Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: He Mei , Li Zheng-ying , Lu Cai , Xie Tao , Cui Li-qing , Wang Hui
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study utilized shear wave elastography (SWE) to evaluate endometrial receptivity (ER) in cases of unexplained infertility (UI) following treatment with clomiphene citrate (CC). The aim was to establish a reliable imaging reference for clinical treatment. Methods: This investigation encompassed 68 patients with UI who attended our hospital from October 2023 to May 2024. Participants were allocated to either a CC group (28 participants) or a normal control (NC) group (40 participants) according to the treatment protocols they followed. During the LP phase (days 13-16) and the MP phase (6-9 days post-ovulation), both groups underwent transvaginal ultrasound and SWE assessments. The evaluated parameters included endometrial thickness (EMT), uterine artery parameters (UA-PI, UA-RI, UA-S/D), average endometrial elasticity (E-mean), and mean shear wave velocity (SWV-mean). Additionally, clinical pregnancy outcomes were tracked. Results: Significant variations were observed between the CC and NC groups in E-mean, SWV-mean, EMT, UA-PI, UA-RI, and UA-S/D during both evaluated phases, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Nevertheless, there were no significant variations found in clinical pregnancy rates among the groups (P>0.05). Significant statistical differences were observed in E- mean and SWV-mean between pregnant and non-pregnant patients within each group (P<0.05). Conclusions: After CC treatment, the endometrium in UI patients showed decreased thickness, increased hardness, reduced blood flow, and increased difficulty in implantation. Despite these effects, CC did not significantly impact clinical pregnancy rates. Future studies should expand the sample size to determine the threshold of endometrial hardness that optimally balances its effects.
Effect of Genetics on Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review Study
Authors: Halaweh Raneem
Published: December 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are intricate neurodevelopmental conditions marked by challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. The etiology of ASD is multifaceted, involving genetic mutations, perinatal, nutritional and environmental factors. This review explores the various genetic mutations implicated in the development of ASD for the purpose of examining the diverse genetic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of ASD such as SHANK3, SCGN, ADNP, ARID1B, CHD8, DYRK1A, KMT2C, OT, AVP and zinc transporter genes. A comprehensive review of literature was conducted to gather information on genetic influences related to ASD. Studies investigating the complex interplay of those factors were analyzed to elucidate how they contribute to the development of ASD. Results found that genetic mutations in genes like Shank3 and SCGN have been identified as playing a role in the pathogenesis of ASD through their impact on glutamic excitatory pathways and oxytocin signaling. ADNP, ARID1B, CHD8, DYRK1A, KMT2C, OT, AVP and zinc transporter genes have also been linked to an increased risk of ASD and associated cognitive and neurological impairments. In conclusion, research on different genetic mutations and deletions affecting autism spectrum disorder (ASD) highlights the complexity of the disease. Key genes such as SHANK3, SCGN, ADNP, ARID1B, CHD8, DYRK1A, and KMT2C are implicated, each contributing uniquely to ASD. Genetic variations, mutations, and heritability play significant roles, with factors like zinc deficiency and advanced paternal age also linked to increased ASD risk. While genomic technology has identified specific markers and pathways, the effect of multiple genetic mutations on symptom severity remains unclear. Understanding these genetic factors is crucial for improving diagnostic precision and developing targeted therapies, necessitating continued interdisciplinary research.
Hisbah as a Model of Community Policing in Nigeria
Authors: Haruna Mohammed , Sule Kawu
Published: December 2024

As a religious police, there is an ongoing debate on whether Hisbah can aligned itself to the philosophy of community policing that stressed the need for the uniformed officers to engage local citizens in law enforcement activities, which shall be accomplished through flexible hierarchies and protocols, with a view to address the root causes of neighborhood crimes and disorder. In view of the above, this paper examined the nature of Hisbah police work in the Moslem dominated northern Nigeria where it was established with a view to understand how the elements common to all community policing approaches are observed. It was established that community policing attributes including partnership, organizational transformation and problem solving are not only found in Hisbah policing, but also a prerequisite without which no Hisbah policing can take place. In fact, the study has established that Hisbah policing is another model of community policing, which was ignored by the academia and criminal justice commentators. The paper posited that in the Hisbah community policing model, there is always a constructive engagement of the citizens in the police enterprise, especially in addressing moral decadence which often give birth to crime and disorder in the community. Finally, the study has established that community policing has been recognized by and practiced in Islamic sharia states, which prompted the debate on whether the philosophy of community policing was copied from the Hisbah policing model, being the oldest (more than 1000 years old), or it was just a mere coincidence. The debate is opened for researchers to explore.
Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulch Application on Onion (Allium cepa L.) Bulb Yield and Water Productivity Under Drip Irrigation at Ambo, West Shoa, Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Selamawit , Firissa Oli
Published: December 2024

Drip irrigation, combined with mulch and deficit water application, can significantly improve the water efficiency of irrigated agriculture. Study at Ambo Agricultural Research Center during the 2021/22 and 2022/23 irrigation seasons aimed to determine the most suitable deficit levels and mulch for drip-irrigated onion. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with two factors: irrigation levels (at 55%, 70%, 85%, and 100% of the Evapotranspiration of the crop) and mulch types (un-mulched, plastic, and straw mulch), resulting in a total of twelve treatment combinations replicated three times. The results showed that irrigation levels and mulch significantly affect bulb yield, water productivity, and yield-attributing parameters. Applying 100% ETc level and straw mulch resulted in the highest yields of 39450 kg/ha and 41038 kg/ha, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest yields were obtained with 55% ETc levels and un-mulched treatments, with respective values of 30913 kg/ha and 33969 kg/ha. Water productivity was also higher for irrigation levels at 55% and 70% ETc compared to 85% and 100% ETc, with values of 10.1 kg/m3 and 9.7 kg/m3, respectively. Additionally, straw mulch application resulted in significantly higher water productivity. Economic analysis indicated that straw mulch had a higher net return with 369% MRR (Marginal Rate of Return) and a benefit-cost ratio of 32.8, while applying a 70% ETc level resulted in a 125% MRR. Based on the results, 70% ETc level with straw mulch for onion production is recommended for the study area, considering bulb yield, water productivity, and economic viability.
CDA Formulations: Potentially the Standard Care of Breast, Lung and Liver Cancers
Authors: Liau Ming , Craig Christine , Baker Linda
Published: December 2024

Breast and lung cancers are very common, which are the top two leading causes of death from cancer. Hepatomas are not as common. But hepatomas are not responding well to therapies currently available. Cancer incidence and mortality keep on increasing ever since these statistics became public records, which are an indication of the failure of the health profession to control cancer. Cancer therapies approved in the past are mostly based on killing of cancer cells which are wrong to solve only a fraction of cancer problems. To effectively solve cancer, we must eliminate all factors contributing to the evolution of cancer. Cancer evolves due to wound unhealing because of the collapse of chemo-surveillance. Wound healing requires the proliferation and the terminal differentiation of progenitor stem cells (PSCs), which are embryonic stem cells to initiate the development of organs and tissues. Methylation enzymes (MEs) play a pivotal role on the regulation of cell replication and differentiation. Because of this pivotal role, MEs are exceptionally subjected to double allosteric regulations, on the individual enzymes by steroid hormone and on the enzyme complex by telomerase and chemo-surveillance. MEs of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) including PSCs are abnormal due to association with telomerase, which are important for the functions of these cells for the development of fetus and wound healing. The build-up of normal stem cells with abnormal MEs is strictly under regulations by contact inhibition, ten-eleven translocator -1 (TET-1) enzyme to direct lineage transitions and chemo-surveillance to destabilize abnormal MEs. When such safety mechanisms fail, clinical symptoms arise. Obviously, the most appropriate solution of diseases due to wound unhealing is to restore safety mechanisms created by the nature. Cell differentiation agent -2 (CDA-2) is our creation of cancer drug to target on abnormal MEs. CDA-2 was approved by the Chinese FDA as an adjuvant to supplement cytotoxic therapy of cancer against breast, non-small cell lung cancers and primary hepatomas in 2004, and as a mono-therapeutic agent for the therapy of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) in 2017. MDSs are diseases attributable entirely to cancer stem cells (CSCs). CDA-2 was the best drug for the therapy of MDSs, and therefore should be considered the standard care of MDSs. Breast, non-small cell lung cancers and primary hepatomas responded well to CDA-2. The therapeutic end point of CDA-2 is the terminal differentiation of cancer cells which cannot make tumor to disappear. Evidently, terminal differentiation of CSCs is the only option to solve CSCs. The solution of CSCs is very critical to the success of cancer therapy. Therefore, CDA formulations are potentially the standard care of breast and lung cancers and primary hepatomas.
The Effect of Using Origami to Reduce Aggression and Increase the Patience of 10-12-Year-Old Students
Authors: Barekat Nima , Abdolmaleki Fatemeh
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, due to many factors, children show a lot of aggression. One of the best ways to teach children accurate behavior is to use entertainment. One of the best games that increase patience is origami. For this purpose, the present study examines the effect of origami on reducing anger and increasing patience in children aged 10 to 12 years. This research is quantitative. The data were obtained from the experiment on two control and experimental groups of 30 male students. The statistical population, at first, all male students between the age of 10-12 in the city of Karaj were considered for the academic year 2023-2024. Then, by cluster sampling, it was reduced to one school and finally, randomly, to two classes. The treatment of the control group was done with the teacher talking to the students and showing some videos about anger control. Modifications were made in the experimental group using the continuous practice of making origami. At the beginning and end of the academic year, both groups were given a questionnaire to assess the level of aggression, and the average scores of both groups were calculated. After the measures were taken, the students of the experimental group showed less desire to use violence. According to the questionnaire and observations, the results showed that using origami increases patience and decreases children's aggression.
Coffee Improvement by Interspecific Hybridization in Ethiopia
Authors: Regassa Meseret
Published: December 2024

Ethiopia is fortunate in this aspect because it is the origin and genetic diversity center for Arabica coffee. This study's goal was to provide a succinct overview of Ethiopia's hybrid coffee variety development and successes. The main issue is a lack of improved hybrid types, despite the population of coffee having a high genetic variety, which offers enormous prospects for development programs. It is clear that current genetic and breeding research on coffee is insufficient to address the country's different agro-ecologies. Some of the fundamental breeding strategies to deal with such issues include combining ability analysis and hybridization investigation through heterosis. The presence of heterosis was reported in crosses of selected indigenous C. arabica L. varieties in Ethiopia under different set of studies, primarily due to the presence of diverse parental lines. Some studies had been conducted on assessment of heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and morphological characteristics of coffee in Ethiopia. These findings unmistakably pointed to the potential for heterosis and combining ability analyses to significantly improve coffee. Generally, in Ethiopia starting from 1998 to 2023 only nine hybrid coffee variety released nationally. In order to create hybrids with improved performance and high yields for coffee with an Ethiopian origin, a continual crossing program should be necessary to obtain many additional cross combinations.
Impact of Mutations in the D-loop Region in Ovarian Cancer in Senegalese Women
Authors: Fall Habib , Mbaye Fatimata , Sembene Mbacké
Published: December 2024

In Senegal, ovarian cancer is the 3rd most common cancer in women with an incidence of 5.0/100,000 women. Thirty-five cancerous tissues, twenty-seven healthy tissues were included in this study. Due to the anatomical position of the ovary, the removal of a sample of suspicious tissue from each patient involves surgery through laparotomy or laparoscopy after obtaining consent. DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were performed to obtain sequences. BioEdit version 7.0.5.3 2005, Harlequin version 3.0, DnaSP version 5.10.01, MEGA 6 were used to perform the analyses. The results show a higher percentage of transition in cancerous tissues (91.45) than in healthy tissues (75.19) in contrast to transversions which are greater in healthy tissues (24.84) than in cancerous tissues (8.54), and the mutation rate (R) is also higher in cancerous tissues (10.712) than in healthy tissues (3.079). Analysis of the polymorphism revealed high values of haplotypic diversity in both cancerous tissues (0.662±0.085) and healthy tissues (0.997±0.011), and low nucleotide diversity values in both tissues (cancerous tissues=0.00922±0.00175; healthy tissues=0.01539±0.00175), these results show us that the genetic evolution of mutations in ovarian cancer has a strong polymorphism. It was also found that the value of the genetic distance between healthy tissues (0.016) was higher than that observed between cancerous tissues (0.009). The genetic distance between healthy and cancerous tissues is 0.015 closer than that observed between healthy tissues. The value of genetic differentiation between healthy and cancerous tissues is significant; this demonstrates a much faster proliferation of cancer cells. The objective of this study is, on the one hand, to better understand the target population by clearly identifying demographic parameters and on the other hand, to evaluate the involvement of somatic mutations and mitochondrial DNA gene expression in the occurrence of ovarian cancer in women in Senegal. The specific objectives are to search for mutations of interest by sequencing mtDNA genes with quasi-maternal inheritance and the impact of these mutations in the D-loop region in healthy and diseased tissues in the patient, but also to learn about the diversity, differentiation and genetic evolution of ovarian cancer in Senegalese women.
Exploring the Difficulties of Treatment, Rational Analysis of Homeopathy
Authors: Zhao Chi
Published: December 2024

Homeopathy began in Germany in the late 18th century, the creation of homeopathy seems to have opened up a new road to medicine, because this treatment has brought advantage to many patients, but it is controversial, many scholars believe that homeopathy is not scientific. Whether is the homeopathy or the allopathic unscientific，is the crux of the matter. While allopathic therapies have undeniably played a huge role in the fight against disease, NCDs, including cancer, have not been effectively controlled, and the World Health Organization's 2030 health goals are unlikely to be met. Actually, the clinical application of homeopathy is beneficial to the treatment of diseases, reducing the damage to the biological function of the human body due to taking traditional drugs. Supporters of homeopathy believe that homeopathy is more effective than allopathic therapy, but there is no sufficient theoretical basis to confirm this issue. In fact, the process of the organism from disease to health is the process of self-repair, and this strong self-repair ability cannot be replaced by any drug. The occurrence of NCDs is caused by the bad information from the brain, drugs cannot remove the bad mentality, similarly, homeopathy cannot remove the bad mentality also, but reduce the damage to the biological function, conducive to the promotion of the organism's self-repair ability. In order to understand the root of the problem, homeopathy needs to be rationally analyzed in order to solve the problem of disease treatment.
Effect of Drivers of Urban Expansion on Food Security in Moderating Role of Governance Response
Authors: Taye Chali , Teklemariam Dereje , Addis Endalew
Published: December 2024

This study examines effect of urban expansion on food security in moderating role of governance response in Addis Ababa. The purpose of the study was to create understanding regarding the nexus between drivers of urban expansion, peri-urban livelihood food security and the moderation role of the governance responses. The study design was concurrent explanatory design. It was concurrent explanatory cross sectional due to collection of both forms of data roughly at the same time. The data collected were analyzed by using structural equation model and thematic analysis. Both primary and secondary data sources were incorporated in this study for complementary and triangulation purposes. The data were collected from randomly selected exurban household heads of Limi Kura Sub-city (woreda 6 and 14) and Akaki Kality Sub-city (woreda 9 and 13). Of the total returned responses, 382 questionnaires, 52 interviewees of whom 36 for in-depth interviews and 16 for key informant interview (KII) were analyzed by using SPSS version 25, AMOS and MAXQDA 2020. The moderating role of the government abate the negative relationship between drivers of urban expansion and food security by 59%, the interview result suggests the need for strong institution framework and policy response to minimize the exposure of exurban households. Thus, the researcher suggested the strong governance intervention through institutional and policy intervention as well as revisiting alternative strategies of inclusive and sustainable development. Furthermore, the researcher also suggested the need to give attention to the issue of urban expansion swallowing of ecosystem service and posing threat to food security.
On the Binary Goldbach Conjecture: Analysis and Alternate Formulations Using Projection, Optimization, Hybrid Factorization, Prime Symmetry and Analytic Approximation
Authors: Papadakis Ioannis
Published: December 2024

An analysis, based on different mathematical approaches, of the binary Goldbach conjecture −which states that every even integer s≥6 is the sum of two odd primes, called Goldbach primes− is presented. Each approach leads to a different reformulation of this conjecture, thus contributing unique insights into the structure, properties and distribution of prime numbers. The above-mentioned reformulations are based on the following distinct, interrelated and complementary approaches: projection, optimization, hybrid prime factorization, prime symmetry and analytic approximation. Additionally, it is shown that prime factorization is an optimal projection operation on the set of integers; that Goldbach pairs correspond to solutions of an optimization problem; that hybrid prime factorization can be used to generate Goldbach primes; that prime symmetry, a powerful property of Goldbach primes, can be used to validate the binary Goldbach conjecture in short intervals, and to determine the rules that govern the “algebraic evolution” of Goldbach pairs, as the value of s increases; and that analytic approximation, using translational and rotational shifts of smooth functions, leads to a useful approximation of a primality test function and the prime counting function π(s). The paper’s findings support the broader hypothesis that prime numbers, by virtue of their optimality in representing, additively and multiplicatively, any measurable quantity in the universe, supported by the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic and the binary Goldbach conjecture, may be a viable alternative to the exclusive use of binary logic, as a means of achieving additional computational efficiencies of scale in the future.
Navigating the Avenues of Economic Prosperity in Eurasia: The Madrid-Yiwu Train and the Pivotal Role of the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Pei Zhangshuai , Zhang Wenjia
Published: December 2024

The Belt and Road Initiative is of strategic importance to the economic development of Eurasia, which can effectively promote further cooperation among the participants and break down unnecessary barriers to trade and exchange. The year 2024 commemorates the milestone 10th anniversary of the inaugural journey of the Madrid-Yiwu Train, which stands as a pivotal element within the Belt and Road Initiative. This transcontinental railway holds immense importance for fostering economic prosperity and societal advancement in the nations traversed by its route. As a developing and emerging regional economic integration organization, the Eurasian Economic Union has achieved a series of achievements in the process of economic integration, but it also faces many challenges. The continuous improvement of the operation efficiency of the Madrid-Yiwu Train, it will further help the countries along the Belt and Road to optimize and integrate the rich natural resources more efficiently, realize the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, and improve the industrial system within the alliance. This paper specifically analyzes the current situation and challenges of the Madrid-Yiwu Train and the Eurasian Economic Union, and puts forward relevant suggestions on how to further promote the Madrid-Yiwu Train connecting the Eurasian Economic Union to the development of regional economy, politically, economically and culturally.
Influence of Biochar and Variety on Growth, Yield and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa L.) at Abaya Wereda, West Guji Zone
Authors: Asume Chemir , Muanenda Mitiku , Kenea Fikru , Adem Mohammed
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was carried out at Guji zone Abaya wereda during the 2022/23 cropping season. Onion is much needed almost in all Ethiopian daily dishes. However, the potential of onion production is found at Gololcha village of Abaya wereda, onion is imported from Batu (Ziway) and Shashemene to Sidama, Gedeo and Guji zone. This is happened due to lack of research output for the potential area for production of onion. Rather than improving productivity of a crop at an area through using inorganic fertilizer, it is better to use improved varieties and organic fertilizer to save the environment. Therefore, the first approach to mitigate this gap is to evaluate the best performing varieties and organic farming practice to the area. Thus, an experiment was conducted to evaluate for best performing Onion variety and biochar application rate in the study area. Treatments consisted of six onion varieties (Adama red, Bombay red, Nafis, Nasik red. robaf and Local Variety) and four biochar application rate (0, 5, 10, 15 tha-1). The results of the study showed that Nafis and 10 tha-1 significantly (p<0.05) increased in growth and yield compared to other Variety and biochar application rate. As results from the study revealed, 10 tha-1 could be successfully used to obtain better growth, yield and quality of onion. However, further testing is required in different locations on different season.
Evolving Processing Methods Effect on Quality in Coffee Production; Cases of Animal Poop Coffee; Review
Authors: Shehasen Mohammedsani
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the intricate dynamics and evolving methodologies surrounding coffee bean and beverage quality, which are crucial determinants of market pricing. The quality of coffee is shaped by an intricate interplay of genetic, environmental, postharvest processing factors, which collectively account for up to 60% of its final quality. Postharvest processing methods including traditional and contemporary approaches like honey processing, anaerobic fermentation, and digestion methods or animal poop that involving animal interactions exhibit diverse impacts on the aromatic profile and sensory attributes of coffee. Among the most intriguing innovations are methods involving animal assistance, notably the production of Kopi Luwak, Black Ivory coffee, and other animal derived coffee variants, which leverage the unique fermentation processes occurring within the digestive tracts of animals such as civets, elephants, monkeys, bats, birds and Coati. The fermentation of beans in these novel methods influences not only the flavor and aroma but also raises ethical and sustainability concerns related to animal welfare. This review synthesizes recent findings on the impact of various processing techniques on coffee quality, highlights the potential for enhancing sensory characteristics through evolving methods, and underscores the importance of ethical sourcing practices in the face of consumer demand for unique, high-quality coffee. By advancing understanding in these areas, the paper aims to contribute to the continued innovation and improvement in coffee processing, with a focus on balancing quality, sustainability, and ethical considerations.
Determinants of Primary School Achievement: An International Comparison Using TIMSS 2011 DATA
Authors: Soudani Kaouther
Published: December 2024

Measuring educational performance and understanding its determinants are crucial factors in helping the educational community to better understand student output and to guide policy makers in drafting educational policies. Despite the growing number of studies interested in educational output and its determinants in many countries, there are few comparative surveys assessing both developed and developing countries. This article attempts to assess the impact of home environment, school resources and teacher quality on students’ educational achievement at fourth grade across developed and developing countries. In sum up we suggest for developing countries to invest in school resources and teacher quality for exemple ensure that primary school are well equipped with necessary resources and focus on improving teacher quality through better training and adequate compensation. According to developed countries findings suggest that home environment factors like having a computer, desk, personal room, and books—play a crucial role in student performance also consider the impact of parental outcomes and involvement in their children’s education we suggest to implement programs that support parental engagement and address socioeconomic disparities that impact the home learning environment.