bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How It All Begins: Bacterial Factors Mediating the Colonization of Invertebrate Hosts by Beneficial Symbionts
Authors: Ganesan Ramya , Wierz Jürgen C. , Kaltenpoth Martin , Flórez Laura V.
Published: October 2022

Beneficial associations with bacteria are widespread across animals, spanning a range of symbiont localizations, transmission routes, and functions. While some of these associations have evolved into obligate relationships with permanent symbiont localization within the host, the majority require colonization of every host generation from the environment or via maternal provisions.
Secondary Bacterial Infections in Mucormycosis-COVID-19 Cases: Experience during the Second COVID-19 Wave in India
Authors: Sharad Neha , Srivastava Smriti , Singh Parul , Puraswani Mamta , Srivastav Sharad , Malhotra Rajesh , Trikha Anjan , Mathur Purva
Published: October 2022

Although our knowledge about COVID-19 and secondary infections in patients is increasing daily, little is known about the secondary infections in COVID-19-mucormycosis patients. Thus, we have intended to share our experience regarding this subgroup.
Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Rats in High-Altitude Hypoxic Environments
Authors: Bai Xue , Liu Guiqin , Yang Jianxin , Zhu Junbo , Wang Qian , Zhou Yang , Gu Wenqi , La Linli , Li Xiangyang
Published: October 2022

In this study, we investigated the effects of high-altitude hypoxic environments with low oxygen levels on the gut microbiota characteristics of rats. We observed that high-altitude hypoxia is an important environmental factor that can affect gut microbiota structure and diversity, thereby affecting homeostasis in the host intestinal environment.
In Silico
Characterization of
bla
NDM
-Harboring Conjugative Plasmids in Acinetobacter Species
Authors: Tang Biao , Wang Chenyu , Sun Dongchang , Lin Hui , Ma Jiangang , Guo Hengzhao , Yang Hua , Li Xiaobin
Published: October 2022

Conjugative plasmids harboring the
bla
NDM
gene play a vital role in disseminating carbapenem resistance. In this study, we first report a conjugative plasmid, pNDM-YR7, in
Acinetobacter junii
.
Screening of the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pandemic Response Box for Discovery of Antivirulent Drug against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Macho Markéta , Saha Subhasish , Konert Grzegorz , Banerjee Avik , Ewe Daniela , Hrouzek Pavel , Urajová Petra , Saurav Kumar
Published: October 2022

The rise of drug-resistant pathogens as well as overuse and misuse of antibiotics threatens modern medicine as the number of effective antimicrobial drugs steadily decreases. Given the nature of antimicrobial resistance development under intense selective pressure such as the one posed by pathogen-eliminating antibiotics, new treatment options which could slow down the emergence of resistance are urgently needed.
Multi-Costimulatory Pathways Drive the Antagonistic Pseudoalteromonas piscicida against the Dominant Pathogenic Vibrio harveyi in Mariculture: Insights from Proteomics and Metabolomics
Authors: Ren Wei , Xue Bingqing , Cao Feifei , Long Hao , Zeng Yanhua , Zhang Xiang , Cai Xiaoni , Huang Aiyou , Xie Zhenyu
Published: October 2022

V. harveyias a dominant pathogen has become a major hazard in mariculture development and seafood safety, and biocontrol of this pathogen using antagonistic probiotic agents is a long-standing biological challenge.P. piscicidaWCPW15003 has promise as a novel, safe, and effective bioagent for specifically inhibiting dominant pathogenicV. harveyiand protects mariculture animals from infection by this pathogen by moderating the host immune response, which is heavily driven by multi-costimulatory pathways in a coculture of WCPW15003 andV. harveyi. This work identified a direction for comprehensively elucidating the molecular mechanism of WCPW15003 antagonism against the dominant pathogen in mariculture using modern molecular biology techniques and provided deep insights into the advantages and potential of this antagonistic probiotic againstV. harveyifor the construction of an environmentally friendly, recirculating mariculture system.
Induction of Hypoxic Response in Caco-2 Cells Promote the Expression of Genes Involved in SARS-CoV-2 Endocytosis and Transcytosis
Authors: Nersisyan S. A.
Published: October 2022

In the present manuscript we analyzed the influence of hypoxic response in Caco-2 cells on the expression of genes and miRNAs involved in the mechanisms of intracellular transport of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles, especially endocytosis and transcytosis. With the use of RNA sequencing of Caco-2 cells treated with hypoxia-inducing oxyquinoline derivative, we showed two-fold increase in the expression of the main SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2. Expression of the non-canonical receptor TFRC was also elevated. We also observed a significant increase in the expression levels of genes from the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family, which play a crucial role in the transcytosis: LDLR, LRP1, LRP4, and LRP5. Upregulation of LDLR was coupled with the downregulation of hsa-miR-148a-3p, which can directly bind to LDLR mRNA. Thus, the hypoxic response in Caco-2 cells includes upregulation of genes involved in the mechanisms of endocytosis and transcytosis of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles.
Comparative risk of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome or thromboembolic events associated with different covid-19 vaccines: international network cohort study from five European countries and the US
Authors: Li Xintong , Burn Edward , Duarte-Salles Talita , Yin Can , Reich Christian , Delmestri Antonella , Verhamme Katia , Rijnbeek Peter , Suchard Marc A , Li Kelly , Mosseveld Mees , John Luis H , Mayer Miguel-Angel , Ramirez-Anguita Juan-Manuel , Cohet Catherine , Strauss Victoria , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel
Published: October 2022

Objective

To quantify the comparative risk of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome or thromboembolic events associated with use of adenovirus based covid-19 vaccines versus mRNA based covid-19 vaccines.

Design

International network cohort study.

Setting

Routinely collected health data from contributing datasets in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and the US.

Participants

Adults (age ≥18 years) registered at any contributing database and who received at least one dose of a covid-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), or Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson)), from December 2020 to mid-2021.

Main outcome measures

Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome or venous or arterial thromboembolic events within the 28 days after covid-19 vaccination. Incidence rate ratios were estimated after propensity scores matching and were calibrated using negative control outcomes. Estimates specific to the database were pooled by use of random effects meta-analyses.

Results

Overall, 1 332 719 of 3 829 822 first dose ChAdOx1-S recipients were matched to 2 124 339 of 2 149 679 BNT162b2 recipients from Germany and the UK. Additionally, 762 517 of 772 678 people receiving Ad26.COV2.S were matched to 2 851 976 of 7 606 693 receiving BNT162b2 in Germany, Spain, and the US. All 628 164 Ad26.COV2.S recipients from the US were matched to 2 230 157 of 3 923 371 mRNA-1273 recipients. A total of 862 thrombocytopenia events were observed in the matched first dose ChAdOx1-S recipients from Germany and the UK, and 520 events after a first dose of BNT162b2. Comparing ChAdOx1-S with a first dose of BNT162b2 revealed an increased risk of thrombocytopenia (pooled calibrated incidence rate ratio 1.33 (95% confidence interval 1.18 to 1.50) and calibrated incidence rate difference of 1.18 (0.57 to 1.8) per 1000 person years). Additionally, a pooled calibrated incidence rate ratio of 2.26 (0.93 to 5.52) for venous thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome was seen with Ad26.COV2.S compared with BNT162b2.

Conclusions

In this multinational study, a pooled 30% increased risk of thrombocytopenia after a first dose of the ChAdOx1-S vaccine was observed, as was a trend towards an increased risk of venous thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome after Ad26.COV2.S compared with BNT162b2. Although rare, the observed risks after adenovirus based vaccines should be considered when planning further immunisation campaigns and future vaccine development.
Physical and mental health problems of Chinese front-line healthcare workers before, during and after the COVID-19 rescue mission: a qualitative study
Authors: Sun Xiangjie , Wang Zenghui , Liu Huan , Ren Minmin , Feng Danjun
Published: October 2022

Objective

To explore the physical and mental health problems of front-line healthcare workers fighting COVID-19 across the three phases of the epidemic rescue mission (before, during and after) in China.

Design

A qualitative study was adopted using face to face, in-depth semistructured interviews. Phenomenological research methods and Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis method were used in the study.

Setting

The setting of the study was the offices of healthcare workers in 12 tertiary hospitals.

Participants

Thirty-one front-line healthcare workers from 16 provinces in China, who carried out rescue missions in Hubei Province, were interviewed from October to November 2020.

Results

Physical and mental health problems existed before, during and after the COVID-19 rescue mission. Eleven themes emerged during the three phases. Two themes appeared before rescue mission: basic diseases, anxiety before rescue mission. Five themes appeared during rescue mission: basic physical function disorder, physical exhaustion, negative cognition, negative emotions and negative behaviour. Four themes appeared after rescue mission: physical dysfunction, negative emotions, stigmatisation and hypochondriasis.

Conclusion

Both physical and mental health problems occurred throughout the three phases. The study results pointed that a comprehensive prevention and control system that addresses both physical and mental health problems of front-line healthcare workers throughout the three phases of epidemic rescue mission (before, during and after), and that involves themselves, their families, hospitals, the government and social organisations is needed.
Studies of prevalence: how a basic epidemiology concept has gained recognition in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Buitrago-Garcia Diana , Salanti Georgia , Low Nicola
Published: October 2022

Background

Prevalence measures the occurrence of any health condition, exposure or other factors related to health. The experience of COVID-19, a new disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has highlighted the importance of prevalence studies, for which issues of reporting and methodology have traditionally been neglected.

Objective

This communication highlights key issues about risks of bias in the design and conduct of prevalence studies and in reporting them, using examples about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.

The two main domains of bias in prevalence studies are those related to the study population (selection bias) and the condition or risk factor being assessed (information bias). Sources of selection bias should be considered both at the time of the invitation to take part in a study and when assessing who participates and provides valid data (respondents and non-respondents). Information bias appears when there are systematic errors affecting the accuracy and reproducibility of the measurement of the condition or risk factor. Types of information bias include misclassification, observer and recall bias. When reporting prevalence studies, clear descriptions of the target population, study population, study setting and context, and clear definitions of the condition or risk factor and its measurement are essential. Without clear reporting, the risks of bias cannot be assessed properly. Bias in the findings of prevalence studies can, however, impact decision-making and the spread of disease. The concepts discussed here can be applied to the assessment of prevalence for many other conditions.

Conclusions

Efforts to strengthen methodological research and improve assessment of the risk of bias and the quality of reporting of studies of prevalence in all fields of research should continue beyond this pandemic.
Performance evaluation of Hipee S2 point-of-care testing urine dipstick analyser: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wang Guoqing , Zong Xiaolong , Sun Jinghua
Published: October 2022

Objective

With advances in mobile technology, smartphone-based point-of-care testing (POCT) urinalysis hold great potential for disease screening and health management for clinicians and individual users. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the analytical performance of Hipee S2 POCT urine dipstick analyser.

Design

A multicentre, hospital-based, cross-sectional study.

Setting

Analytical performance of the POCT analyser was conducted at a clinical laboratory, and method comparison was performed at three clinical laboratories in China.

Participants

Urine samples were collected from 1603 outpatients and inpatients at three hospitals, and 5 health check-up population at one of the hospitals.

Outcome measures

All tests were performed by clinical laboratory technicians. Precision, drift, carry-over, interference and method comparison of Hipee S2 were evaluated. Diagnostic accuracy of semiquantitative albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) for albuminuria was carried out using quantitative ACR as the standard.

Results

The precision for each parameter, assessed by control materials, was acceptable. No sample carry-over or drift was observed. Ascorbate solution with 1 g/L had an inhibitory effect for the haemoglobin test. Agreement for specific gravity (SG) varied between moderate to substantial (κ values 0.496–0.687), for pH was moderate (κ values 0.423–0.569) and for other parameters varied between substantial to excellent (κ values 0.669–0.991), on comparing the Hipee S2 with laboratory analysers. The semiquantitative microalbumin and creatinine were highly correlated with the quantitative results. The sensitivity of semiquantitative ACR to detect albuminuria was 87.2%–90.7%, specificity was 70.7%–78.4%, negative predictive value was 85.3%–87.9% and positive predictive value was 73.9%–83%.

Conclusions

Hipee S2 POCT urine analyser showed acceptable analytical performance as a semiquantitative method. It serves as a convenient alternate device for clinicians and individual users for urinalysis and health management. In addition, the POCT semiquantitative ACR would be useful in screening for albuminuria.
Transitioning care in youth-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a scoping review protocol using the socio-ecological model framework
Authors: Ude Assumpta O , De Baca Tomás Cabeza , Dixon Sydney A , Arboine Sue-Ann , Terry Nancy L , Chung Stephanie T
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The transition from paediatric to adult diabetes care in youth-onset diabetes (type 1 diabetes mellitus, Y-T1DM and type 2 diabetes mellitus, Y-T2DM) is associated with worsening glycaemic control, missed clinical visits, decreased medication adherence and the emergence of cardiometabolic complications. The socio-ecological challenges that influence transitioning to adult diabetes care may be distinct between Y-T1DM and Y-T2DM. The goal of this scoping review is to map the state of the literature on transitioning care in Y-T2DM compared with Y-T1DM and to identify the main sources and types of evidence available. The objectives are : (1) to identify the factors within the socio-ecological framework (individual, relationship, community, societal) associated with transitioning to adult care in Y-T2DM compared with Y- T1DM, and (2) to identify knowledge gaps related to transitioning to adult care.

Methods

The scoping review protocol and reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for scoping reviews guidelines. A systematic search of scientific databases (PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, Scopus and APA PsycNet will be undertaken for articles between 1 January 1990 and 30 September 2022. Study designs will include peer-reviewed experimental and quasi-experimental published studies without language or country-specific restrictions. We will exclude articles on other diabetes subtypes and will exclude non-peer reviewed articles such as opinion papers, anecdotal reports or supplementary commentaries.

Analysis

References will be collated, sorted and extracted using Covidence. Factors associated with transition from paediatric to adult diabetes care in Y-T1DM and Y-T2DM will be identified using the socio-ecological framework and results will be presented in narrative format, tables, and summary graphs.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval will not be applicable for this review.

Trial registration number

https://osf.io/k2pwc.
ARCHS: adult recipients of cochlear implants: health and social long-term outcomes–a state-specific and national population-based retrospective cohort study protocol
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca J , Lystad Reidar P , Boisvert Isabelle , McMaugh Anne , Cantle Moore Robyn , Walsan Ramya
Published: October 2022

Introduction

While the majority of adults with severe-to-profound hearing loss and poor speech perception outcomes with hearing aids benefit from receiving a cochlear implant, the long-term health and social benefits for implant recipients are yet to be explored. The objective of the ARCHS research is to provide a better understanding of the health and social factors that play a role in the lives of adults with a cochlear implant up to 10 years after the procedure.

Method and analysis

This research will involve conducting two retrospective cohort studies of adults aged ≥18 years who received a cochlear implant during 2011–2021 using linked administrative data first within New South Wales (NSW) and second Australia-wide. It will examine health service use and compare health and social outcomes for younger (18–64 years) and older (≥65 years) cochlear implant recipients.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was received from the NSW Population Health Services Research Ethics Committee for the NSW cohort study (Reference: 2022/ETH00382/2022.07) and from the Macquarie University ethics committee for the national cohort study (Reference: 520221151437084). Research findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.
Comparison of PD-L1 tumor cell expression with 22C3, 28-8, and SP142 IHC assays across multiple tumor types
Authors: Maule Jake G , Clinton Lani K , Graf Ryon P , Xiao Jinpeng , Oxnard Geoffrey R , Ross Jeffrey S , Huang Richard S P
Published: October 2022

Background

Multiple PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays, including DAKO 22C3, DAKO 28-8, and Ventana SP142 PD-L1 IHC assays, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a companion diagnostic (CDx) for various antiprogrammed death-1 and antiprogrammed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) based cancer immunotherapies. Here we present 22C3, 28-8, and SP142 analysis of 418 tumor specimens encountered in routine clinical practice.

Methods

All specimens were tested with 22C3, 28-8, and SP142 assays following the manufacturer’s established staining protocols.

Results

The same PD-L1 status (defined as tumor cell expression (TC) scores with all three assays ≥1% or all <1%) was observed in 60.0% (251/418) tumor specimens (45.9% (192/418) were triple negative and 14.1% (59/418) were triple positive). A total of 54.1% (226/418) tumor cases were positive with at least one IHC assay (94.2% (213/226), 77.0% (174/226), and 28.8% (65/226) of these were positive for 22C3, 28-8 and SP142, respectively). Among the 40.0% (167/418) tumor cases that showed a different PD-L1 status, 62.3% (104/167) were 22C3+/28-8+/SP142−, and 28.7% (48/167) were 22C3+/28-8−/SP142−. The same PD-L1 status with all three antibody clones was observed in 48.7% (97/199) of NSCLC cases, and among these, 54.6% (53/97) were triple negative and 45.4% (44/97) triple positive. A total of 73.4% (146/199) NSCLC cases were positive with at least one IHC assay (95.2% (n=139/146), 82.2% (n=120/146), and 32.2% (n=47/146) were positive for 22C3, 28-8, and SP142, respectively). Among the 51.3% (102/199) NSCLC cases that showed a different status among the three IHC assays, 67.6% (69/102) were 22C3+/28-8+/SP142−, and 23.5% (24/102) were 22C3+/28-8−/SP142−. A total of 81.1% (43/53) lung squamous cell carcinoma, 72.1% (88/122) of lung adenocarcinoma, 69.6% (16/23) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) not otherwise specified (NOS), and 50.0% (4/8) of small cell lung carcinoma cases were positive with at least one IHC assay.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that 22C3 is the most sensitive PD-L1 IHC assay for tumor cell expression, followed by 28-8 and in turn by SP-142. These findings represent an additional factor for clinical teams to consider when deciding which PD-L1 IHC assay (and in turn which CDx-associated PD-L1 based immunotherapy) is most appropriate for each individual patient.
Symptoms, performance status and phase of illness in advanced cancer: multicentre cross-sectional study of palliative care unit admissions
Authors: Ohinata Hironori , Aoyama Maho , Hiratsuka Yusuke , Mori Masanori , Kikuchi Ayako , Tsukuura Hiroaki , Matsuda Yosuke , Suzuki Kozue , Kohara Hiroyuki , Maeda Isseki , Morita Tatsuya , Miyashita Mitsunori
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To clarify the relationship between Phase of Illness at the time of admission to palliative care units and symptoms of patients with advanced cancer.

Methods

This study was a secondary analysis of the East Asian collaborative cross-cultural Study to Elucidate the Dying process. Palliative physicians recorded data, including Phase of Illness, physical function and the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale. We used multinomial logistic regression to analyse ORs for factors associated with Phase of Illness. Twenty-three palliative care units in Japan participated from January 2017 to September 2018.

Results

In total, 1894 patients were analysed—50.9% were male, mean age was 72.4 (SD±12.3) years, and Phase of Illness at the time of admission to the palliative care unit comprised 177 (8.9%) stable, 579 (29.2%) unstable, 921 (46.4%) deteriorating and 217 (10.9%) terminal phases. Symptoms were most distressing in the terminal phase for all items, followed by deteriorating, unstable and stable (p<0.001). The stable phase had lower association with shortness of breath (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.94) and felt at peace (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.90) than the unstable phase. In the deteriorating phase, weakness or lack of energy (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.40) were higher, while drowsiness (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.97) and felt at peace (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.94) were significantly lower.

Conclusion

Our study is reflective of the situation in palliative care units in Japan. Future studies should consider the differences in patients’ medical conditions and routinely investigate patients’ Phase of Illness and symptoms.

Trial registrarion number

UMIN000025457
A systematic review examining associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep duration with quality of life in older adults aged 65 years and above
Authors: Hakimi Shawn , Kaur Sahej , Ross-White Amanda , Martin Luc J. , Rosenberg Mark W.
Published: October 2022

This systematic review examined the associations between movement behaviours (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep duration) and quality of life (QOL) in adults ≥65 years of age. Four databases were searched in June 2021. Studies were eligible for inclusion if published within the last 20 years, peer-reviewed, examined apparently healthy older adults, and analysed ≥2 movement behaviours together. QOL was represented by the World Health Organization Quality of Life measure which conceptualizes QOL by distinct domains. Study results were categorized and presented by domain. Risk of bias was completed for all included studies using methods described in the Cochrane Handbook. Thirty-one studies with 307 292 participants were included that examined QOL outcomes across seven domains: superdomain (composite measures), perceived physical health, mental and psychological states, level of independence, social relationships, environment, and general health. Findings indicated that moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity was favourably associated with QOL. Time re-allocation studies that showed moving time into physical activity from sedentary behaviour were associated with favourable QOL changes. The evidence regarding sedentary behaviour and sleep duration was inconsistent. The quality of evidence was very low for all domains. In conclusion, there is consistent evidence that physical activity improves QOL in adults ≥65 years of age. International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration No.: CRD42021260566.
Simplification of the potassium ferrioxalate actinometer through carbon dioxide monitoring
Authors: Lutkus Luke V. , Krytenberg Aaron , Taylor Jayce , Bhattacharjee Avik , Steinkamp Bret A. , McCormick Theresa M.
Published: October 2022

Chemical actinometry can be used to determine photons absorbed for a photochemical reaction, which is required to calculate the quantum yield. A photochemical reaction with a known quantum yield can be used as a relative standard for the determination of an unknown quantum yield for a light-driven reaction. Herein, we have developed a simplified approach to using the popular potassium ferrioxalate actinometer. Traditionally, the photoreduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) is monitored by following the absorbance of Fe(II) by reacting aliquots of the actinometry solution with 9,10-phenanthroline to form a red colored complex. The multiple steps for this method make it tedious and vulnerable to errors, especially inadvertent light exposure. In lieu of spectroscopic measurements of the Fe(II) concentration, the production of CO2 was measured to determine the number of photons absorbed over time. CO2 production was measured in two different ways: by the pressure increase in a sealed system and the volume change by trapping the CO2. Both methods were considerably less laborious and showed agreeable results compared with the traditional spectroscopic method.
Growth and nutrient uptake of haloxylon and atriplex as affected by mycorrhizal symbiosis under combined drought and salinity stresses
Authors: Noshad Mohammad Hossein , Chavoshi Elham , Mosaddeghi Mohammad Reza , Dorostkar Vajiheh , Hosseini Fatemeh
Published: October 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis on plant growth and nutrient uptake under combined drought and salinity stresses. A pot experiment was carried out with a factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental treatments included two plant types ( Atriplex canescens and Haloxylon ammodendron) with three levels of inoculation of fungal species ( Funneliformis geosporus, Funneliformis mosseae, and control), two levels of soil salinity stress (7 and 14 dS m–1), and two levels of drought stress (50% and 80% of management allowable depletion). Vegetative parameters, as well as root N, P, and K concentrations and uptakes, mycorrhizal growth response, mycorrhizal nitrogen response, mycorrhizal phosphorus response, mycorrhizal potassium response, and root colonization were measured. The results showed that the application of AMF increased the plant growth variables such as stem diameter, root length, shoot dry weights, and shoot to root ratio as well as nitrogen and phosphorus uptakes. The application of both AMF types was effective as compared to the control. However, F. mosseae indicated better performance especially, in terms of the effect on plant growth variables. Also, F. mosseae was more effective to relieve stress (i.e., salinity and drought) than F. geosporus. There was a significant difference between plant types and H. ammodendron had better efficiency than A. canescens under drought and salinity stresses. Based on the results, planting of H. ammodendron inoculated with F. mosseae might be recommended for soil conservation in the arid environments.
Accelerated motion in general relativity: fate of the singularity
Authors: Bhattacharyya Indranath , Ray Saibal
Published: October 2022

Under general relativity, the paths of accelerated test particles are taken into account. It is examined whether such accelerations have any influence on the ‘singularity’ of the spacetime. The Raychaudhuri equation for the congruence of the time-like curves describing the paths of the accelerated particles is considered to calculate a few physical attributes. It is shown that if the acceleration of the test particles exceeds a particular value, then the congruences of the accelerated time-like curves do not encounter any singularity although the usual energy conditions are violated or modified. It is shown further that in the curved spacetime of general relativistic framework one may generate a system of transformations that is a generalization of the Rindler coordinates related to accelerated frame in the flat Minkowski spacetime. To show the influence of the acceleration of test particle on singularity of a particular spacetime the Schwarzschild spacetime is considered. Taking tidal deviation related acceleration term, it is shown that the acceleration may attain a specific value for which the modified Kretschmann scalar vanishes in a spherical neighbourhood of the singularity and thus the Schwarzschild singularity disappears. In the context of singularity as ‘geodesic incompleteness’ of the spacetime manifold it is also proved that prescribing an appropriate acceleration term on the maximal geodesic defined in a finite interval one may extend it up to infinite proper time and hence the spacetime becomes singularity free. Such results hold at the price of violating the usual energy conditions.
Chiral vortical catalysis
Authors: Jiang Yin
Published: October 2022

Gluon interaction introduces remarkable corrections to the magnetic polarization effects on the chiral fermions, which is known as the inverse magnetic catalysis. It is a natural speculation that the vorticity, which has many similar properties as magnetic field, would bring non-negligible contribution to the chiral rotational suppression. Using an intuitive semi-classical background field method we studied the rotation dependence of the effective strong interaction coupling constant. Contrary to the magnetic field case the rotation increases the effective coupling which would slow down the condensate melting with temperature. This could be named as the chiral vortical catalysis or inverse rotation suppression. Imposing such dependence on the 4-fermion coupling in the NJL model, we numerically checked this analysis qualitatively. The pseudo critical temperature is shown to rise with the rotation and approach saturation eventually which may be induced by the model cutoff.
Optical features of rotating black hole with nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Zubair M. , Raza Muhammad Ali , Abbas Ghulam
Published: October 2022

In this article, we considered the strong field approximation of nonlinear electrodynamics black hole and constructed its rotating counterpart by applying the modified Newman–Janis algorithm. The corresponding metric function in the strong field limit of the static black hole is identified in order to study the radius of photon sphere. However, the metric function for the rotating counterpart in the strong field limit is considered in order to study the horizon radius w.r.t spin parameter. We considered the Hamilton–Jacobi method to derive the geodesic equations for photon and constructed an orthonormal tetrad for deriving the equations for celestial coordinates in the observer’s sky. Shadows, distortions and energy emission rates are investigated and the results are compared for different values of nonlinear electrodynamics parameter, charge and spin. It is found that the presence of the nonlinear electrodynamics parameter affects the shape and size of the shadows and thus the distortion in the case of rotation. It is also found that the nonlinearity of electrodynamics diminishes the flatness in the shadow due to the effect of spin and other parameters.
Approximated analytical solution of the Landau–Lifshitz equation in tightly focused laser beams in the ultrarelativistic limit
Authors: Hosak Adrian , Di Piazza Antonino
Published: October 2022

The Landau–Lifshitz equation is widely considered as the equation, which correctly includes the effects of radiation reaction in the classical motion of an electric charge. Here, we provide an approximated analytical solution of the Landau–Lifshitz equation in the presence of a virtually arbitrary electromagnetic field by making the assumptions that the electron’s initial energy is the largest dynamical energy in the problem. We show that in a regime where radiation–reaction effects are a small correction of the Lorentz dynamics, the four-momentum of the electron can be determined perturbatively in the ultrarelativistic limit. We explicitly compute the electron four-momentum up to the first order and in the experimentally relevant case of an ultrashort, tightly focused laser beam as an external field.

Graphical abstract
FPGA-based Learning Acceleration for LSTM Neural Network
Authors: Dec Grzegorz Rafał
Published: October 2022

This paper presents and discusses the implementation of a learning accelerator for an LSTM neural network that utilizes an FPGA. The accelerator consists of a backpropagation through time algorithm for an LSTM. The presented net performs a binary classification task and consists of an LSTM and a dense layer. The performance is then compared to both a hard-coded Python implementation and an implementation using Keras library and the GPU. The implementation is executed using the DSP blocks, available via the Vivado Design Suite, which is in compliance with the IEEE754 standard. The results of the simulation show that the FPGA implementation remains accurate and achieves higher speed than the other solutions.
Rectangular knot diagrams classification with deep learning
Authors: Kauffman L. H. , Russkikh N. E. , Taimanov I. A.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we discuss applications of neural networks to recognizing knots and, in particular, to the unknotting problem. One of the motivations for this study is to understand how neural networks work on the example of a problem for which rigorous mathematical algorithms for its solution are known. We represent knots by rectangular Dynnikov diagrams and apply neural networks to distinguish a given diagram’s class from a finite family of topological types. The data presented to the program is generated by applying Dynnikov moves to initial samples. The significance of using these diagrams and moves is that in this context the problem of determining whether a diagram is unknotted is a finite search of a bounded combinatorial space. In this way, this paper provides a foundation for further work where the neural network itself will learn to use the Dynnikov moves for knot recognition. Source code of the programs is available at https://github.com/nerusskikh/deepknots .
DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PREY AND PREDATOR WITH COOPERATION AND ALLEE EFFECT: DETERMINISTIC AND STOCHASTIC APPROACH
Authors: PAUL BISWAJIT , MONDAL BAPIN , GHOSH JAYANTA KUMAR , GHOSH UTTAM
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we investigate the behavior of a predator–prey model with cooperation and Allee effect considering both deterministic and stochastic approaches. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of environmental fluctuation in a deterministic predator–prey model. During the analysis of the deterministic model, it is shown that the system has saddle-node point of co-dimension 1, Hopf bifurcation and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of co-dimension 2. To study the effect of environmental fluctuation, we use perturbation to the birth rate of prey and death rate of predator density by Gaussian white noise. The persistence of the model and the stationary distribution is shown by forming a suitable Lyapunov function. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to validate the theoretical findings.
OPTIMAL CONTROL ANALYSIS OF A TUBERCULOSIS MODEL
Authors: OBSU LEGESSE LEMECHA
Published: October 2022

In this paper, an optimal control theory was applied to the tuberculosis (TB) model governed by system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The aim is to investigate the impact of treatment failure on the TB epidemic. An optimal control strategy is proposed to minimize the disease effect and cost incurred due to treatment failure. The existence and uniqueness of optimal controls are proved. The characterization of optimal paths is analytically derived using Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle. The control-induced model is then fitted using TB infected cases reported from the year 2010–2019 in East Shewa zone Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Different simulation cases were performed to compare with analytical results. The simulation results show that the combined effect of awareness via various mass media and continuous supervision during the treatment period helps to reduce treatment failure and hence reduced the TB epidemic in the community.
A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH TO SOLVE THE NONLINEAR BIOLOGICAL PREY–PREDATOR SYSTEM
Authors: SAEED T. , GUIRAO JUAN L. G. , SABIR ZULQURNAIN , ALSULAMI HAMED H. , SÁNCHEZ YOLANDA GUERRERO
Published: October 2022

This study is conducted to solve a nonlinear biological prey–predator system (NBPPS) using a novel design of the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation approach (LMBA). The LMBA-based supervised neural networks (SNNs) deal with three kinds of sample data, training, validation, and testing. The percentages for these data to solve three different cases of the NBPPS are selected: for training 75%, validation 10%, and testing 15%, respectively. The numerical performances of the Adams method are used for the reference dataset to solve the NBPPS. The obtained form of the numerical solutions of the NBPPS based on the SNNs along with LMBA is used to reduce the functions of mean square error (MSE). For the correctness, competence, and effectiveness of the proposed SNNs along with LMBA, the numerical procedures are proficient based on the proportional schemes and analyses in terms of MSE results, correlation, error histograms, and regression.
A REVIEW ON UNDERSTANDING OF CORROSION AND PROTECTION STRATEGIES OF MAGNESIUM AND ITS ALLOYS
Authors: ANJUM MUHAMMAD JUNAID , ASL VAHDAT ZAHEDI , TABISH MUHAMMAD , YANG QIUXIANG , MALIK MUHAMMAD UZAIR , ALI HAMID , YASIN GHULAM , ZHAO JINGMAO , KHAN WAHEED QAMAR
Published: October 2022

There remains a keen concern in magnesium (Mg) and its alloys, as they are the lightest available structural materials. Mg alloys are capable of allowing the design of lightweight engineered systems, including encouraging implications to curtail energy consumption. These alloys are also evolving available biodegradable materials and battery electrodes. Instead of the extreme historical Mg usage at present, several intrinsic drawbacks, including susceptibility to corrosion, poor formability, and low creep strength limit the extensive use of Mg alloys. This review provides an overview of ancient to modern advances in the study of Mg corrosion. It describes the effects of alloying elements and reinforcement in metal matrix composites (MMCs) on the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys. The frequent use of protective strategies and their limitations are discussed from the recent past to the current trend. This review is recognizing acquaintance gaps while also endeavoring to ascertain planned developments and guidelines.
Analysis of charged compact stars in f(R,T) gravity using Bardeen geometry
Authors: Malik Adnan , Yousaf Zeeshan , Jan Munsif , Shahzad Muhammad Rizwan , Akram Zaiba
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this paper is to examine the anisotropic matter distribution concerning one of the well-known [Formula: see text] theories of gravity, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] represent the Ricci scalar and trace of the energy–momentum tensor, respectively. We consider anisotropic matter distribution in spherically symmetric spacetime for our desired work. We investigate the physical behavior of pressure components, energy density, anisotropic function, equation of state parameters, and energy conditions. Furthermore, we analyze the stability of compact stars by investigating the causality condition, adiabatic index, and generalized Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation. Some fundamental features of compact stars have been investigated, like compactness factor, mass function, and surface redshift. Our calculated solutions for Bardeen stellar structures are consistent and stable in the background of the [Formula: see text] theory of gravity.
Optimization of energy storage properties in (1 − x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xSr0.7La0.2TiO3-relaxed ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Ma Ziyue , Zhu Jianye , Wu Jianhua , Hu Yanhua , Lou Xiaojie , Sun Ningning , Zhao Ye , Li Yong , Hao Xihong
Published: October 2022

Ferroelectric materials are considered to be the most competitive energy storage materials for applications in pulsed power electronics due to excellent charge–discharge properties. However, the low energy storage density is the primary problem limiting their practical application. In this study, (1[Formula: see text])Na[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]TiO3–[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]La[Formula: see text]TiO3[(1[Formula: see text])NBT–[Formula: see text]SLT] ferroelectric ceramics are found to exhibit excellent energy storage performances through a synergistic strategy. As the SLT concentration increases, the relaxation characteristic increases significantly and the breakdown strength increases dramatically from 150 kV/cm to 220 kV/cm. The recoverable energy storage density of the 0.55NBT–0.45SLT ceramic is 2.86 J/cm3 with an energy storage efficiency of 88% under an electric field of 220 kV/cm. Furthermore, the ceramic with [Formula: see text] = 0.45 mol exhibited excellent energy storage stability in the ranges of 20–180[Formula: see text]C (temperature) and 1–125 Hz (frequency). These excellent properties demonstrate the potential of (1[Formula: see text])NBT–[Formula: see text]SLT ceramics when used as dielectric capacitors in pulsed power systems.
An overview of underground energy-related product storage and sequestration
Authors: Schultz Richard A. , Heinemann Niklas , Horváth Birgit , Wickens John , Miocic Johannes M. , Babarinde Oladipupo Oluwatoyin , Cao Wenzhuo , Capuano Paolo , Dewers Thomas A. , Dusseault Maurice , Edlmann Katriona , Goswick Raven A. , Hassanpouryouzband Aliakbar , Husain Taha , Jin Wencheng , Meng Jingyao , Kim Seunghee , Molaei Fatemeh , Odunlami Tosin , Prasad Umesh , Lei Qinghua , Schwartz Brandon A. , Segura José M. , Soroush Hamed , Voegeli Samuel , Williams-Stroud Sherilyn , Yu Haitao , Zhao Qi
Published: October 2022

Storage of energy-related products in the geological subsurface provides reserve capacity, resilience, and security to the energy supply chain. Sequestration of energy-related products ensures long-term isolation from the environment and, for CO
2
, a reduction in atmospheric emissions. Both porous-rock media and engineered caverns can provide the large storage volumes needed for energy security and supply-chain resilience today and in the future. Methods for site characterization and modelling, monitoring, and inventory verification have been developed and deployed to identify and mitigate geological threats and hazards such as induced seismicity and loss of containment. Broader considerations such as life-cycle analysis, environment, social and governance (ESG) impact and effective engagement with stakeholders can reduce project uncertainty and cost while promoting sustainability during the ongoing energy transition toward net-zero or low-carbon economies.
Future Challenges of Accounting Education in China Using Artificial Intelligence Assisted Multimedia Based Smart Accounting System
Authors: Zhang Aiyun , Zhao Ying
Published: October 2022

The traditional teaching of financial accounting is complicated due to old-age methods of teaching, simplistic methods of education and insufficient participation of students in teaching in China. Those issues affect the effect of teaching. This investigation aims to increase teaching involving students, enhance the impact of learning, and encourage the quality training of financial accounting talents through the Artificial intelligence (AI) assisted Multimedia Supported Two-Path Interactive Teaching (AI-MTWIT) in china. Further, the Modeling of financial accounting courses that include Smart Classroom. Here, the AI-assisted multimedia system for assessing the quality of teaching of universities and colleges has been created to improve the teaching standards of financial accounting in classrooms and recognize the effectiveness of teaching on a timely basis. Centred on interactive theorem, a set of measurement indicators relevant to a multimedia college education level is discussed in this paper. Besides, Digital classes, teaching, and digital lessons, basic teacher information, fundamental student information and performance relations management are examined. Research findings showed that the assessment of the teaching standard had been performed within the context of the teaching assessment tools. Therefore, the program is essential to improve the teaching quality of the classroom.Feedback and reviews will be for students who get at least 80% of their questions answered. Less than 30% of the time, students need to be reminded of the importance of key facts and information. Group debates or classroom discussions may occur if accuracy rates are moderate.
A Span-based Target-aware Relation Model for Frame-semantic Parsing
Authors: Su Xuefeng , Li Ru , Li Xiaoli , Chang Baobao , Hu Zhiwei , Han Xiaoqi , Yan Zhichao
Published: October 2022

Frame-semantic Parsing (FSP) is a challenging and critical task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Most of the existing studies decompose the FSP task into frame identification (FI) and frame semantic role labeling (FSRL) subtasks, and adopt a pipeline model architecture that clearly causes error propagation problem. However, recent jointly learning models aim to address the above problem and generally treat FSP as a span-level structured prediction task, which, unfortunately, leads to cascading error propagation problem between roles and less-efficient solutions due to huge search space of roles. To address these problems, we reformulate the FSRL task into a
target-aware relation classification task
and propose a novel and lightweight jointly learning framework that simultaneously processes three subtasks of FSP, including frame identification, argument identification, and role classification. The novel task formulation and jointly learning with interaction mechanisms among subtasks can help improve the overall system performance and reduce the search space and time complexity, compared with existing methods. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model significantly outperforms 10 state-of-the-art models in terms of F1 score across two benchmark datasets.