bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High cross-family transferability of microsatellite markers developed for the snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio (Fabricius, 1788)
Authors: Kang Jung-Ha , Park Jung-Youn , Kim Yi-Kyung , Choi Jung-Hwa , Ko Hyun-Sook
Published: October 2013

Of the seven species in the genusChionoecetes(family Oregoniidae), the snow crabChionoecetes opilio(Fabricius, 1788) is one of the most important commercial crustacean species along with its relative, the red snow crabC. japonicusRathbun, 1932. Despite restrictions allowing male-only capture and size limits, the capture ofC. opiliois changing and management of its natural resources is required. Microsatellite markers forC. opiliothat can be used in population and management studies were isolated using 454 pyrosequencing, a cost-effective and rapid method. Among 11 172 dinucleotide microsatellites, 64 loci containing more than nine repeats of either CA or AT were selected for primer synthesis, and 49 (76.6%) primer sets producing PCR products between 100-300 bp in length were selected as candidates. Following initial experiments with four individuals ofC. opilio, 18 polymorphic loci and three monomorphic loci were selected as the final microsatellite markers for this study. In a cross-species transfer analysis of these markers using 11 crab species belonging to the families Oregoniidae, Cheiragonidae and Portunidae in the order Brachyura, two loci, Co10-nfrdi and Co36-nfrdi, were amplified by PCR from all of the tested species, while the rest of the loci were amplified in at least one of the tested species. Among the 11 tested species,Portunus trituberculatus(Miers, 1876) of the family Portunidae showed the highest transferability. The average percentage of amplification was higher in the same genus followed by in the same family rather than in different genera or families.
Occurrence of Eriochloa distachya and Parodiophyllochloa penicillata (Poaceae) in São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Rodrigo Sampaio , Filgueiras Tarciso Sousa
Published: October 2013

Two species of Poaceae (Eriochloa distachya and Parodiophyllochloa penicillata) are newly reported for the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This paper includes descriptions, illustrations, and comments on the distribution and conservation statuses of these taxa in São Paulo.
Ardisia rubricaulis sp. nov. (Primulaceae) from Guangxi, China
Authors: MAO SHI-ZHONG , HU CHI-MING
Published: October 2013

A new species of Ardisia (Primulaceae), A. rubricaulis S. Z. Mao & C. M. Hu from Guangxi, China is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to Ardisia subgen. Crispardisia which is characterised by leaves with marginal glands (vascularized nodules). Its affinity is with A. maculosa Mez, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by its lateral and glandular puberulent inflorescence and by the underside of leaves and corolla-lobes being densely black-punctate.
Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. a widely distributed diatom species (Bacillariophyta) and type analysis of Planothidium biporomum
Authors: WETZEL CARLOS E. , DE VIJVER BART VAN , HOFFMANN LUCIEN , ECTOR LUC
Published: October 2013

Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. is described from freshwater samples from Europe and South America. It is compared with the type material of Achnanthes biporoma (=Planothidium biporomum), described from North America, to differentiate it from the new, related species. Species morphologies were compared using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Planothidium incuriatum can be differentiated from P. biporomum by its valve outline with more rostrate apices (instead of capitate) and by the areolation pattern of the striae in the raphe less valve (higher number of rows of areolae per stria). Distribution of P. incuriatum was determined from worldwide iconographic literature records where it was often identified as Planothidium biporomum among other names here detailed. While P. incuriatum appears to be widely distributed around the world, P. biporomum is, according to verified records, far more restricted.
New genera of Dicrepidiina from the Neotropical Region
(Coleoptera, Elateridae, Elaterinae, Ampedini)
Authors: CASARI SÔNIA A.
Published: October 2013

Two genera of Dicrepidiina, Paranoplischius gen. nov. and Paratractosomus gen. nov., and three species, Paranoplischius modestus sp. nov., P. nigellus sp. nov. and Paratractosomus sulciventris sp. nov., from South America, are described and illustrated. A provisional key to the genera of Dicrepidiina is also included.
Revision of the plant bug genus Cylapocoris Carvalho (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae), with descriptions of seven new species from Costa Rica, Brazil, Ecuador, and Venezuela
Authors: WOLSKI ANDRZEJ
Published: October 2013

The plant bug genus Cylapocoris Carvalho, 1954 is revised. Seven new species: Cylapocoris costaricaensis sp. nov., C. cucullatus sp. nov., C. fulvus sp. nov., C. laevigatus sp. nov., C. marmoreus sp. nov., C. plectipennis sp. nov., and C. simplex sp. nov. are described from Costa Rica, Brazil, Ecuador, and Venezuela. The genus Adcylapocoris Carvalho, 1989 is synonymized with Cylapocoris. Five species: C. castaneus (Carvalho, 1989), C. funebris (Distant, 1883), C. pilosus Carvalho, 1954, C. sulinus Carvalho & Gomes 1971, and C. tiquiensis Carvalho, 1954 are redescribed. Illustrations of the male genitalia, color pho-tographs of dorsal and lateral views of the adult of most species, scanning electron micrographs of selected structures of C. simplex, and keys to species of the genus Cylapocoris are provided.
Composite VORTEX2 Supercell Environments from Near-Storm Soundings
Authors: Parker Matthew D.
Published: October 2013

Three-dimensional composite analyses using 134 soundings from the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) reveal the nature of near-storm variability in the environments of supercell thunderstorms. Based upon the full analysis, it appears that vertical wind shear increases as one approaches a supercell within the inflow sector, providing favorable conditions for supercell maintenance (and possibly tornado formation) despite small amounts of low-level cooling near the storm. The seven analyzed tornadic supercells have a composite environment that is clearly more impressive (in terms of widely used metrics) than that of the five analyzed nontornadic supercells, including more convective available potential energy (CAPE), more vertical wind shear, higher boundary layer relative humidity, and lower tropospheric horizontal vorticity that is more streamwise in the near-storm inflow. The widely used supercell composite parameter (SCP) and significant tornado parameter (STP) summarize these differences well. Comparison of composite environments from early versus late in supercells' lifetimes reveals only subtle signs of storm-induced environmental modification, but potentially important changes associated with the evening transition toward a cooler and moister boundary layer with enhanced low-level vertical shear. Finally, although this study focused primarily on the composite inflow environment, it is intriguing that the outflows sampled by VORTEX2 soundings were surprisingly shallow (generally ≤500 m deep) and retained considerable CAPE (generally ≥1000 J kg−1). The numerous VORTEX2 near-storm soundings provide an unprecedented observational view of supercell–environment interactions, and the analyses are ripe for use in a variety of future studies.
Quête de santé et cheminement spirituel
Authors: Delisle Sara
Published: October 2013

Cet article a pour but d’amener la proposition d’un nouveau concept qui est celui de la « foi sans abri » pour rallier entre eux différents cheminements épars au sein des sociétés occidentales contemporaines en ce qui a trait à la spiritualité et à la quête de santé. Cette modalité du croire trouve une signification commune dans une nouvelle expression de la foi que nous nommons la « voie de l’intériorité responsable ». Bien qu’individuels, ces cheminements, s’abreuvant à la source de différentes traditions religieuses et spirituelles, contribuent à façonner une identité spirituelle nouvelle nous éclairant sur les croyances et les valeurs collectives ainsi que sur les règles de sociabilité dominantes. En s’appuyant sur une analyse anthropologique, cet article s’inscrit dans la lignée des études qui ont trait au religieux contemporain et à la diversité de ses nouvelles formes.
Safe Sleep Practices and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Risk Reduction
Authors: Fowler Aja J. , Evans Patricia W. , Etchegaray Jason M. , Ottenbacher Allison , Arnold Cody
Published: October 2013

Our primary objective was to compare parents of infants cared for in newborn intensive care units (NICUs) and infants cared for in well-baby (“general”) nurseries with regard to knowledge and practice of safe sleep practices/sudden infant death syndrome risk reduction measures and guidelines. Our secondary objective was to obtain qualitative data regarding reasons for noncompliance in both populations. Sixty participants (30 from each population) completed our survey measuring safe sleep knowledge and practice. Parents of NICU infants reported using 2 safe sleep practices—( a) always placing baby in crib to sleep and ( b) always placing baby on back to sleep—significantly more frequently than parents of well infants. Additional findings and implications for future studies are discussed.
Intussusception in Children Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Lochhead Ailie , Jamjoom Roaa , Ratnapalan Savithiri
Published: October 2013

A retrospective chart review of children diagnosed with intussusceptions from March 2005 to March 2007 was conducted at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. There were 152 children with 170 episodes of intussusceptions during the study period. Around one third (30%) of children diagnosed with intussusceptions had a concurrent infection. There were 114 large bowel intussusceptions, with a mean age of 27 months (SD = 25) and a success rate of 91% for air enema reductions. Bowel resection was performed in 8.8% of children with large bowel intussusceptions. Small bowel intussusceptions (n = 38) were associated with gastrostomy tubes in 42% (n = 16) of patients, and 81% needed tube shortening. The varying age range of many children diagnosed with intussusceptions and the high incidence of intercurrent illnesses and fever in our study alert health professionals to suspect intussusceptions in children presenting with abdominal pain or crying.
An Inpatient Child Passenger Safety Program
Authors: Elliott Lindsey Nichole , DiGirolamo Barbara , McMahon Maria , Damian Frances , Brostoff Marcie , Shermont Herminia , Mooney David Patrick , Lee Lois Kaye
Published: October 2013

Background. Our institution implemented an Inpatient Child Passenger Safety (CPS) program for hospitalized children to improve knowledge and compliance with the Massachusetts CPS law, requiring children less than 8 years old or 57 inches tall to be secured in a car seat when in a motor vehicle. Methods. After the Inpatient CPS Program was piloted on 3 units in 2009, the program was expanded to all inpatient units in 2010. A computerized nursing assessment tool identifies children in need of a CPS consult for education and/or car seat. Results. With the expanded Inpatient CPS Program, 3650 children have been assessed, 598 consults initiated, and 325 families have received CPS education. Car seats were distributed to 419 children; specialty car seats were loaned to 134 families. Conclusions. With a multidisciplinary approach, we implemented an Inpatient CPS Program for hospitalized children providing CPS education and car seats to families in need.
In the Beginning
Authors: Copeland Roy W.
Published: October 2013

The quest for real property ownership by African Americans began immediately after emancipation. Even though free people of color were able to purchase real property in the South, their numbers were few and many states erected barriers that either prohibited land ownership by African Americans or imposed strict limitations on their ability to purchase real property. In the absence of de jure restrictions, there were de facto impediments that came in the form of violence against African Americans who either made land purchases or attempted to make such purchases and the outright refusal by Whites to sell land to them. Despite the many barriers and challenges faced by those who sought to own land, African Americans saw land ownership as a pathway to independence, and a confirmation of their freedom. The Civil War period brought many legislative enactments that ostensibly provided recently enslaved African Americans with opportunities for the acquisition of real property. These efforts served as the primary basis for the belief that African Americans would receive “forty acres and a mule” at the conclusion of the Civil War. Opponents to African American’s quest for land ownership were vehement in their efforts. This article reviews the African American drive for land ownership, barriers to their aspirations, and how congressional land reform efforts provided hopes for land ownership that were soon shattered by a president who was sympathetic to the former confederates and intent on dismantling legislative enactments that benefited the newly freed African Americans.
Retained Asymptomatic Third Molars and Risk for Second Molar Pathology
Authors: Nunn M.E. , Fish M.D. , Garcia R.I. , Kaye E.K. , Figueroa R. , Gohel A. , Ito M. , Lee H.J. , Williams D.E. , Miyamoto T.
Published: October 2013

Prophylactic extraction of unerupted asymptomatic third molars is the most common oral surgery procedure in the United States. However, limited evidence exists to justify its costs and associated morbidity. We analyzed data collected over 25 years from 416 adult men enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Dental Longitudinal Study to evaluate the association of retained asymptomatic third molars with risk of adjacent second molar pathology (caries and/or periodontitis), based on third molar status ( i.e., absent, erupted, or unerupted). Unerupted molars were further categorized as either “soft tissue” or “bony” impacted. We found that the lowest prevalence and incidence of second molar pathology occurred when the adjacent third molar was absent. The presence of a third molar that was soft tissue impacted increased the risk of incident second molar pathology 4.88-fold (95% confidence interval: 2.62, 9.08). Having an erupted or “bony” impacted third molar increased the risk of incident second molar pathology by 1.74 (95% confidence interval: 1.34, 2.25) and 2.16 (95% confidence interval: 1.56, 2.99), respectively. The retention of third molars is associated with increased risk of second molar pathology in middle-aged and older adult men.
Stigma, Self-esteem and Reproduction: Talking with Men about Life with Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: Clarke Angus
Published: October 2013

Interviews were conducted with members of 20 families, including affected males, to explore their experiences of life with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), which impacts physical appearance. Stigmatisation is an important aspect of life for affected males; choosing how to respond becomes an important aspect of identity. Strategies include consolation, complaint, the rejection of complaint, humour and retaliation. Affected males suggest parallels with racism.

The difficulties of life with HED raise the question for affected men of whether to have children. This prompts reflection upon the value of their lives, which they project onto their potential descendants. While some reject reproduction as irresponsible, others are positive about their lives, are willing to have children and would regard it as wrong to terminate an affected pregnancy. These findings have implications for ‘responsible reproduction’ (an extension of the ‘sick role’ for genetic conditions) and the effect of stigmatisation on these personal decisions.
Remediating Viking Origins: Genetic Code as Archival Memory of the Remote Past
Authors: Scully Marc , King Turi , Brown Steven D
Published: October 2013

This article introduces some early data from the Leverhulme Trust-funded research programme, ‘The Impact of the Diasporas on the Making of Britain: evidence, memories, inventions’. One of the interdisciplinary foci of the programme, which incorporates insights from genetics, history, archaeology, linguistics and social psychology, is to investigate how genetic evidence of ancestry is incorporated into identity narratives. In particular, we investigate how ‘applied genetic history’ shapes individual and familial narratives, which are then situated within macro-narratives of the nation and collective memories of immigration and indigenism. It is argued that the construction of genetic evidence as a ‘gold standard’ about ‘where you really come from’ involves a remediation of cultural and archival memory, in the construction of a ‘usable past’. This article is based on initial questionnaire data from a preliminary study of those attending DNA collection sessions in northern England. It presents some early indicators of the perceived importance of being of Viking descent among participants, notes some emerging patterns and considers the implications for contemporary debates on migration, belonging and local and national identity.
Biocoloniality, Governance, and the Protection of ‘Genetic Identities’ in Mexico and Colombia
Authors: Schwartz-Marín Ernesto , Restrepo Eduardo
Published: October 2013

In this article two case studies are compared, Mexico and Colombia, in which the protection of ‘genetic identities’ has generated political and legal systems designed to avoid the unlawful appropriation of biological material and/or DNA in Latin America. The very idea that genetic patrimonies belong to nation-states or ethno-racial groups – framed as genomic sovereignty or the protection of a disappearing indigenous genetic heritage – is the product of a genetically reified understanding of human diversity, which we identify as ‘biocoloniality’. By exploring the common tropes and imaginations with which biocoloniality has been articulated, we argue that governance mechanisms built around ‘genetic identities’ are ineffective in addressing the unequal power relations inherent in contemporary scientific and regulatory practice.
Tourists’ Mental Representations of Complex Travel Decision Problems
Authors: Dellaert Benedict G.C. , Arentze Theo A. , Horeni Oliver
Published: October 2013

Tourism research has long recognized the complexity of many decisions that tourists make and proposed models to describe and analyze tourist decision processes. This article complements this previous research by proposing a view that moves away from the process of making a decision and instead investigates how tourists mentally represent the decision problem. Mental representations of travel decision problems allow tourists to evaluate the decision utility of the different available alternatives before they are chosen. We discuss the modeling and measurement of tourists’ mental representations of complex travel decision problems and provide directions for future research that focuses on the dynamics of tourist mental representations both within a single travel decision framework and over the tourist travel life cycle.
Effects of the Good Behavior Game on Classwide Off-Task Behavior in a High School Basic Algebra Resource Classroom
Authors: Flower Andrea , McKenna John , Muething Colin S. , Bryant Diane Pedrotty , Bryant Brian R.
Published: October 2013

This study investigated the effects of the Good Behavior Game (GBG) on classwide off-task behavior in two ninth-grade basic algebra resource classes. Ten students with a variety of disabilities, in two classrooms, and their special education resource teacher participated in this study. A reversal design was employed, in which the special education teacher implemented GBG compared to typical practice-algebra readiness instruction. Results showed that classwide off-task behavior decreased in the GBG conditions compared to the baseline and reversal conditions. Fidelity measures indicated that the teacher implemented GBG with fidelity. Students and the teacher rated GBG favorably. Overall findings support the use of GBG for reducing classwide off-task behavior. Implications for practice and future research directions are presented.
Transformation of the incomplete figure in young children
Authors: Noda Mitsuru
Published: October 2013

This study aims to examine the developmental changes in young children’s perception. A matching completion task consisting of three geometric figures and one bird-like figure were completed by children 3–5 years of age ( N = 99). The rotation effect, in which the correct response decreased with orientation (45°, 90° 135°, and 180°), was confirmed, except in one of the geometric conditions. We found that two factors were needed for a child to perform the bird-like completion task: clarification of the reference to each stimulus and awareness of the turning orientation. These studies suggest that the children processed the contour and feature information individually, and that the contour information was processed earlier than the feature information. We derived three criteria for sensitive information to resolve the task, contact, contour, and left-right. Findings are discussed with regard to the reference action and the part-whole relationship.
A hybrid approach to Arabic named entity recognition
Authors: Shaalan Khaled , Oudah Mai
Published: October 2013

In this paper, we propose a hybrid named entity recognition (NER) approach that takes the advantages of rule-based and machine learning-based approaches in order to improve the overall system performance and overcome the knowledge elicitation bottleneck and the lack of resources for underdeveloped languages that require deep language processing, such as Arabic. The complexity of Arabic poses special challenges to researchers of Arabic NER, which is essential for both monolingual and multilingual applications. We used the hybrid approach to develop an Arabic NER system that is capable of recognizing 11 types of Arabic named entities: Person, Location, Organization, Date, Time, Price, Measurement, Percent, Phone Number, ISBN and File Name. Extensive experiments were conducted using decision trees, Support Vector Machines and logistic regression classifiers to evaluate the system performance. The empirical results indicate that the hybrid approach outperforms both the rule-based and the ML-based approaches when they are processed independently. More importantly, our system outperforms the state-of-the-art of Arabic NER in terms of accuracy when applied to ANERcorp standard dataset, with F-measures 0.94 for Person, 0.90 for Location and 0.88 for Organization.
Justifying the right to justification
Authors: Müller Fernando Suárez
Published: October 2013

The work of Rainer Forst constitutes the third generation of the Habermasian School. In Das Recht auf Rechtfertigung [The right to justification] (2007) Forst develops a constructivist approach to justice in a serious effort to find a systematic basis for ‘critical theory’. In this article the relevant arguments of this approach are critically analysed. The position developed in the work of Forst appears to be characterized by a fundamental ambiguity because it oscillates between two irreconcilable points. On the one hand Forst seems to admit the necessity of something like the ‘unconditionality of moral law’ presupposing a kind of Kantian transcendentalism beyond constructivism. But on the other hand, he turns back to a more Habermasian constructivist or proceduralist theory. The ambiguity implicit in Forst’s philosophy is that it does not find a compromise between these two approaches to discursive theory so it fluctuates between them, needing the logical support of both poles.
Use of Foley catheter for insertion of ventricular assist device inflow cannula
Authors: Mohite Prashant N , Sabashnikov Anton , Zych Bartlomiej , Popov Aron F , Simon Andre R
Published: October 2013

Ventricular assist devices are fast becoming an accepted alternative to treat end-stage heart failure, and are being implemented as a bridge to myocardial recovery, a bridge to heart transplantation, or as destination therapy. Positioning of the inflow cannula into the apex of the ventricle is a crucial step due to the risk of sucking in air. We describe an improved method of preparing the insertion site for the ventricular assist device inflow cannula, to minimize the chances of air embolism and blood spillage, which we applied in a 34-year-old man, as a bridge to transplantation.
Galantamine efficacy and tolerability as an augmentative therapy in autistic children: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Ghaleiha Ali , Ghyasvand Mohammad , Mohammadi Mohammad-Reza , Farokhnia Mehdi , Yadegari Noorollah , Tabrizi Mina , Hajiaghaee Reza , Yekehtaz Habibeh , Akhondzadeh Shahin
Published: October 2013

The role of cholinergic abnormalities in autism was recently evidenced and there is a growing interest in cholinergic modulation, emerging for targeting autistic symptoms. Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and an allosteric potentiator of nicotinic receptors. This study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of galantamine as an augmentative therapy to risperidone, in autistic children. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, 40 outpatients aged 4–12 years whom had a diagnosis of autism (DSM IV-TR) and a score of 12 or higher on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community (ABC-C) Irritability subscale were equally randomized to receive either galantamine (up to 24 mg/day) or placebo, in addition to risperidone (up to 2 mg/day), for 10 weeks. We rated participants by ABC-C and a side effects checklist, at baseline and at weeks 5 and 10. By the study endpoint, the galantamine-treated patients showed significantly greater improvement in the Irritability ( P = 0.017) and Lethargy/Social Withdrawal ( P = 0.005) subscales than the placebo group. The difference between the two groups in the frequency of side effects was not significant. In conclusion, galantamine augmentation was shown to be a relatively effective and safe augmentative strategy for alleviating some of the autism-related symptoms.
Comparison of three software systems for semi-automatic volumetry of pulmonary nodules on baseline and follow-up CT examinations
Authors: Zhao Ying Ru , Ooijen Peter MA van , Dorrius Monique D , Heuvelmans Marjolein , Bock Geertruida H de , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn , Oudkerk Matthijs
Published: October 2013

Background

Early diagnosis of lung cancer in a treatable stage is the main purpose of lung cancer screening by computed tomography (CT). Accurate three-dimensional size and growth measurements are essential to assess the risk of malignancy. Nodule volumes can be calculated by using semi-automated volumetric software. Systematic differences in volume measurements between packages could influence nodule categorization and management decisions.

Purpose

To compare volumetric measurements of solid pulmonary nodules on baseline and follow-up CT scans as well as the volume doubling time (VDT) for three software packages.

Material and Methods

From a Lung Cancer Screening study (NELSON), 50 participants were randomly selected from the baseline round. The study population comprised participants with at least one pulmonary nodule at the baseline and consecutive CT examination. The volume of each nodule was determined for both time points using three semi-automated software packages (P1, P2, and P3). Manual modification was performed when automated assessment was visually inaccurate. VDT was calculated to evaluate nodule growth. Volume, VDT, and nodule management were compared for the three software packages, using P1 as the reference standard.

Results

In 25 participants, 147 nodules were present on both examinations (volume: 12.0–436.6 mm3). Initial segmentation at baseline was evaluated to be satisfactory in 93.9% of nodules for P1, 84.4 % for P2, and 88.4% for P3. Significant difference was found in measured volume between P1 and the other two packages ( P < 0.001). P2 overestimated the volume by 38 ± 24%, and P3 by 50 ± 22%. At baseline, there was consensus on nodule size categorization in 80% for P1&P2 and 74% for P1&P3. At follow-up, consensus on VDT categorization was present in 47% for P1&P2 and 44% for P1&P3.

Conclusion

Software packages for lung nodule evaluation yield significant differences in volumetric measurements and VDT. This variation affects the classification of lung nodules, especially in follow-up examinations.
Interventional tumor removal: a new technique for malignant spinal tumor and malignant vertebral compression fractures without epidural involvement
Authors: Song Hong-Mei , Gu Yi-Feng , Li Yong-Dong , Wu Chun-Gen , Sun Zhen-Kui , He Cheng-Jian
Published: October 2013

Background

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is associated with incomplete pain relief and vertebral instability due to cement leakages.

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility of a new method of PVP, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and interventional tumor removal (ITR) for malignant spinal tumor and malignant vertebral compression fractures without epidural involvement.

Material and Methods

Twelve patients were treated with PVP, RFA, and ITR. A 14 G needle and a guidewire were inserted into the vertebral body, followed by sequential dilatation of the tract with the working cannula until the last working cannula reached the anterior portions of the pedicle. Thereafter, tumors were ablated with a radiofrequency probe, and ITR was performed with a marrow nucleus rongeurs. Then, cement was injected into the extirpated vertebral body. The data were collected and follow-up was performed after 1, 3, and 6 months, and thereafter every 6 months postoperatively.

Results

PVP, RFA, and ITR were technically successful in all patients. The average preoperative pain visual analog scale (VAS) score was 7.0 ± 1.0, which decreased to 2.1 ± 1.2 at 1 month, to 1.6 ± 1.4 at 6 months, to 1.8 ± 1.7 at 1 year, and was maintained at 1.3 ± 1.1 at >1-year follow-up. A total of 92% patients (11/12) obtained excellent and good pain relief with improvement of quality of life. Seven patients continued with follow-up healthcare, and five patients died of the underlying disease.

Conclusion

PVP, RFA, and ITR may be a feasible approach for malignant spinal tumor and malignant vertebral compression fractures without epidural involvement.
Conflictual Independence, Adult Attachment Orientation, and Career Indecision Among Asian American Students
Authors: Keller Chad J. , Brown Chris
Published: October 2013

Due to prior research suggesting that relational variables are related to the career development process, we sought to understand how maternal conflictual independence, paternal conflictual independence, attachment anxiety, and attachment avoidance influence the career decision status of Asian American undergraduate students ( N = 113). The findings of the regression analysis indicated that high levels of attachment anxiety were related to high levels of career indecision. The variables of maternal and paternal conflictual independence as well as attachment avoidance were not significantly associated with participants’ career indecision. Implications for career counseling practice are discussed.
The social brain paradigm and social norm puzzles
Authors: Holmes Marcus , Panagopoulos Costas
Published: October 2013

The use of neuroscience in political science inquiry has steadily increased over the last decade, yet many remain skeptical regarding its usefulness in explaining outcomes and solving puzzles. In this article we develop ramifications of the neuroscientific paradigm of the ‘social brain’ and critically assess its utility for political science. We argue that this model has promise in three distinct areas of research: challenging assumptions, clarifying conceptions, and specifying conditions. We then apply this theoretical framework to a specific puzzle in political science that transcends sub-field distinctions: social norm compliance. We argue that utilizing the social brain paradigm allows us to clarify precisely what social norms are at a physical level, challenge the underlying assumptions of current social norm research, and specify precise and testable conditions of compliance and non-compliance behavior. Ultimately we suggest that the social brain specifically and neuroscience generally offer much promise for political scientists, although scholars must be critical and careful in their justification and application of neuroscientific data.
Study on movement forming methods for the machining of elliptic-shaped holes
Authors: Liang Peng , Lu Changhou , Ding Jie , Ma Jinkui
Published: October 2013

The movement forming methods for the machining of elliptic-shaped holes are presented. These methods can make the tool nose orbit, which is the synthesis of revolution of the hydrostatic shaft center around bearing center and rotation of the tool nose around shaft center, become an ellipse. Thus, the machining of elliptical holes can be achieved. Necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for forming elliptic tool nose orbit, under the condition that multiple shaft center orbits and the tool nose’s rotation orbit take synchronous forward synthesis and synchronous backward synthesis, are studied. The influence of initial phase angle of the tool nose on the formation of elliptic tool nose orbit has also been investigated. Characteristics and control equations of elliptic tool nose orbit under the conditions of multiple shaft center orbits and different initial phase angles of the tool nose are given. These studies will lay a theoretical foundation for the realization of the movement forming methods. Traditional machining methods for elliptic-shaped holes require auxiliary feed mechanism installed on the machine tool, and machining efficiency is limited by the frequency response characteristic of the servo bar. The forming methods presented in this article can overcome these shortcomings and provide a new approach for precision machining of elliptic-shaped holes.
Identifying possible tsunami deposits on the Shizuoka Plain, Japan and their correlation with earthquake activity over the past 4000 years
Authors: Kitamura Akihisa , Fujiwara Osamu , Shinohara Kazuhiro , Akaike Shiho , Masuda Takuro , Ogura Kazuki , Urano Yukine , Kobayashi Konatsu , Tamaki Chikako , Mori Hideki
Published: October 2013

Three washover sand beds, ranging from 15 to 34 cm in thickness, were recorded in a lagoonal mud sequence on the Shizuoka coast of central Japan, which faces the Suruga Trough. The sand beds were composed of well-sorted and well-rounded beach sand derived by a marine inundation. The basal erosion surface, mud clasts, and presence of both inverse and normal grading suggest that the sand beds formed as a result of high-energy deposition. The sand beds are multilayered, with fine alternations of sand sheets and mud drapes, which are consistent with deposition from a long-period wave train. Radiocarbon dates obtained from the three washover deposits are around ad 1000, 3565–3486 cal. yr BP, and 4000 cal. yr BP. Vertical changes in the diatom assemblages suggest a gradually increasing inflow of seawater up to the second sand bed, followed by a rapid change to freshwater conditions just above the bed. The gradual increase of seawater inflow begins again just above the second sand bed. We conclude that this series of sequential environmental changes indicates interseismic subsidence and coseismic uplift. The study area experienced around 1 m of uplift during the ad 1854 Ansei Tokai earthquake (Mw 8.4). In contrast, the area has subsided gradually ( c. 6 mm/yr) during the present interseismic period. The youngest sand bed may be correlated with the ad 1096 Eicho earthquake, which caused severe damage along the Shizuoka coast.
Improving Hospital Efficiency
Authors: Nigam Amit , Huising Ruthanne , Golden Brian R.
Published: October 2013

Improving hospital efficiency is a critical goal for managers and policy makers. We draw on participant observation of the perioperative coaching program in seven Ontario hospitals to develop knowledge of the process by which the content of change initiatives to increase hospital efficiency is defined. The coaching program was a change initiative involving the use of external facilitators with the goal of increasing perioperative efficiency. Focusing on the role of subjective understandings in shaping initiatives to improve efficiency, we show that physicians, nurses, administrators, and external facilitators all have differing frames of the problems that limit efficiency, and propose different changes that could enhance efficiency. Dynamics of strategic and contested framing ultimately shaped hospital change commitments. We build on work identifying factors that enhance the success of change efforts to improve hospital efficiency, highlighting the importance of subjective understandings and the politics of meaning-making in defining what hospitals change.
Hospital Length of Stay and Readmission
Authors: Carey Kathleen , Lin Meng-Yun
Published: October 2013

This article is an investigation into the relationship between length of stay and readmission within 30 days of discharge from an acute care hospitalization. We estimated probability models for heart attack and for heart failure patients using generalized estimating techniques applied to hospital administrative data from California for calendar year 2008. The key independent variable was length of stay in the initial hospitalization. We found negative associations between length of stay and readmission probability, particularly in the case of heart attack. Simulated values of predicted readmissions based on a 1-day increase in length of stay yielded estimated reductions in readmission rates in the 7% to 18% range for heart attack patients and the 1% to 8% range for heart failure patients. Increasing length of stay for some patients may be a means of improving quality of care by reducing readmission during the 30-day postdischarge period.
Diagnostic and Demographic Differences Between Incarcerated and Nonincarcerated Youth (Ages 6-15) With ADHD in South Carolina
Authors: Soltis Samuel L. , Probst Janice , Xirasagar Sudha , Martin Amy B. , Smith Bradley H.
Published: October 2013

Objective: Analyze diagnostic and demographic factors to identify predictors of delinquency resulting in incarceration within a group of children/adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Method: The study followed a cohort of 15,472 Medicaid covered children/adolescents with ADHD, ages 6 to 15 inclusive, between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2006. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev. [ DSM-IV-TR]), 2000 Codes were used for qualifying diagnosis codes. Available demographic characteristics included race, sex, and residence. The outcome was incarceration at the South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice during 2005-2006. Results: Among youth with ADHD, incarceration was more likely among black, male, and urban youth. Children/adolescents with comorbid ODD and/or CD were at greater risk compared with those with ADHD alone. Conclusion: Within ADHD-diagnosed youth, comorbid conditions and demographic characteristics increase the risk of incarceration. Intervention and treatment strategies that address behavior among youth with these characteristics are needed to reduce incarceration.
A direct approach to determine the potential function of a contact problem between two elastically similar materials
Authors: Ghanati Parisa , Adibnazari Saeed
Published: October 2013

In this paper, a simple approach is presented to determine the Muskhelishvili potential function in a generic quasi-static contact problem between two elastically similar half planes. As an example, this approach is applied to the symmetric indentation of a flat surface by a bi-quadratic punch to obtain the interior elastic stress field of the indented lower half plane.
Brokering new technologies: The role of children in their parents’ usage of the internet
Authors: Correa Teresa , Straubhaar Joseph D , Chen Wenhong , Spence Jeremiah
Published: October 2013

This study investigated to what extent sons and daughters influence their parents’ adoption of digital media, particularly the internet, compared to other influence sources. It also explored structural factors that play a role in this bottom-up process, such as socio-economic differences and gender. Finally, it examined the relationship between this bottom-up technology transmission process and parents’ levels of internet self-efficacy and online activities. Drawing from socialization and diffusion of innovation research and using a self-administered random mail survey, we found that children play a role in including their parents in the digital environment, particularly among women, people who are older (35 years old and above), and belong to lower socio-economic groups. We also found that this bottom-up technology transmission is somewhat negatively associated with parents’ internet self-efficacy. Implications and possible interpretations of these results are discussed.
The normative content of the notion of Rechtsstaat in late modernity
Authors: Mona Martino
Published: October 2013

This article focuses on a specific issue that both permeates and transcends the debate surrounding the concept of the Rechtsstaat in late modernity: the search for consolidated normative criteria to substantiate this rather abstract and somewhat formalistic debate. It first describes the inherent dynamism and pluralism of Rechtsstaat. This description, secondly, points to the need for a theory of justice to substantiate this essentially contested concept. The article concludes, thirdly, by pointing to a few issues that are of relevance to any in-depth analysis of the requirements of justice for policies of criminalization and punishment in the late modern Rechtsstaat.
From the Struggle for Education to the Transformation of Society
Authors: Zapata-Sepúlveda Pamela , Jiménez-Benítez Víctor , Concha-Astorga David
Published: October 2013

We are three voices at a public university in northern Chile. This essay is about how social science take into account or ignore the current political tension produced by social movements against neoliberalism . We have three stories (student activist, student federation leader, and scholar in motion) that reveal the current state of public education in Chile, which has been determined by marketplace logic and neoliberalism. We discuss the relationship between the global crisis of capitalism and the fundamental role of education as an arena of critical thinking for the training of students and scholars committed to democracy and social justice. We believe that the current historical movement policy opens a possibility of achieving real democracy by confronting the commodification of life and fundamental rights.
EEG Differences Between the Combined and Inattentive Types of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Girls
Authors: Dupuy Franca E. , Clarke Adam R. , Barry Robert J. , McCarthy Rory , Selikowitz Mark
Published: October 2013

This study further investigated electroencephalogram (EEG) differences between girls with the Combined and Inattentive types of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). We selected subjects with widely separated scores on hyperactivity–impulsivity symptoms to behaviorally exaggerate diagnostic group differences. Twenty girls with AD/HD Combined type, 20 girls with AD/HD Inattentive type, and 20 controls (aged 7-12 years) had an eyes-closed resting EEG recorded from 19 electrodes. The EEG was fast Fourier transformed, and estimates for total power, absolute and relative power in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands, and the theta/beta ratio were calculated and analyzed in 9 scalp regions. Girls of the Combined type, compared with girls of the Inattentive type, had elevated midline total power, elevated temporal absolute alpha activity, elevated posterior absolute beta activity, reduced right hemisphere relative delta and reduced left hemisphere relative alpha activity, and reduced theta/beta ratio in the left hemisphere. Although topographic differences were again found between the AD/HD types, significant global differences remain elusive in the EEGs of girls with the Combined and Inattentive types. Despite creating behaviorally exaggerated AD/HD type groups, girls’ EEG activity failed to replicate differences found previously in mixed-sex groups. The EEG profiles of AD/HD types in girls are markedly different from those found in boys. This reinforces the notion that it is no longer appropriate to apply the male-based literature to all AD/HD groups; rather, the use of single-sex subject groups is necessary in EEG research of AD/HD.
A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study on Camera Navigation Training for Key User Groups in Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Graafland Maurits , Bok Kiki , Schreuder Henk W. R. , Schijven Marlies P.
Published: October 2013

Background. Untrained laparoscopic camera assistants in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) may cause suboptimal view of the operating field, thereby increasing risk for errors. Camera navigation is often performed by the least experienced member of the operating team, such as inexperienced surgical residents, operating room nurses, and medical students. The operating room nurses and medical students are currently not included as key user groups in structured laparoscopic training programs. A new virtual reality laparoscopic camera navigation (LCN) module was specifically developed for these key user groups. Methods. This multicenter prospective cohort study assesses face validity and construct validity of the LCN module on the Simendo virtual reality simulator. Face validity was assessed through a questionnaire on resemblance to reality and perceived usability of the instrument among experts and trainees. Construct validity was assessed by comparing scores of groups with different levels of experience on outcome parameters of speed and movement proficiency. Results. The results obtained show uniform and positive evaluation of the LCN module among expert users and trainees, signifying face validity. Experts and intermediate experience groups performed significantly better in task time and camera stability during three repetitions, compared to the less experienced user groups ( P < .007). Comparison of learning curves showed significant improvement of proficiency in time and camera stability for all groups during three repetitions ( P < .007). Conclusion. The results of this study show face validity and construct validity of the LCN module. The module is suitable for use in training curricula for operating room nurses and novice surgical trainees, aimed at improving team performance in minimally invasive surgery.