bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI KOMPUTER METODE PACK CARBURIZING UNTUK LABORATORIUM UJI PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN INDONESIA TORAJA
Authors: Karnyoto Andrea Stevens
Published: July 2020

Laboratorium uji pada program studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Kristen Indonesia Toraja memiliki beberapa peralatan yang digunakan untuk keperluan penelitian mahasiswa walaupun masih ada peralatan uji yang disewa dari pihak lain, peralatan-peralatan tersebut menghasilkan data-data yang akan diolah menjadi suatu informasi yang akan mendasari sebuah pengambilan keputusan. Sebuah aplikasi komputer untuk memberikan kemudahan dan akurasi dalam pengolahan data dari mesin-mesin uji tersebut sangat dibutuhkan, hal ini ditandai dengan banyaknya mahasiswa yang melakukan penelitian terutama dibidang pengujian baja dan bahan lainnya. Metode Pack Carburizing adalah metode yang paling banyak digunakan untuk melakukan analisis komponen selain bebarapa metode yang lainnya. Aplikasi komputer Pack Carburizing melakukan proses perhitungan hingga mengeluarkan hasil berupa informasi, baik itu angka hingga grafik. Pembuatan aplikasi dilakukan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Delphi  dan dilakukan pengujian langsung menggunakan baja karbon ST-37, setelah itu akan dibandingkan dengan hasil yang menggunakan perhitungan manual sebagai bahan perbaikan aplikasi sehingga aplikasi yang dibuat menjadi sempurna. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi Laboratorium uji program studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Kristen Indonesia Toraja untuk memiliki perangkat lunak yang dapat membantu mahasiswa dan dosen dalam melakukan penelitian baja terutama yang menggunakan metode Pack Carburizing.
PENGARUH VARIASI PARAMETER PEMESINAN TERHADAP TINGKAT KEAUSAN PAHAT KARBIDA
Authors: Johan Chendri , Bethony Frans R.
Published: July 2020

Pengaruh variasi parameter pemesinan terhadap tingkat keausan pahat karbida. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui berapa besar pengaruh variasi parameter pemesinan terhadap keausan pahat karbida pada proses bubut stainless steel dengan setting variasi putaran yang digunakan adalah, 850 rpm, 1000 rpm, dan 1300 rpm sedangkan variasi gerak makan 0.18 mm/rev , 0.22 mm/rev, 0.28 mm/rev dan kedalaman potong tetap 1.5 mm . Proses pemesinan menggunakan mesin bubut konvensional dengan pahat karbida Al2O3 –TiO2+TiO2, material stainless steel grate 301, dan penggukuran keausan pahat ini menggunakan alat microscope dengan proses pemesinan menggunakan metode experimental. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai keausan semakin meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya nilai dari masing-masing variasi parameter pemesinan. Nilai keausan terkecil teramati pada proses pemesinan pada parameter dengan kecepatan porong Vc 101.4 m/min, f = 0.18 mm/rev dengan nilai VB = 0.040 mm, dan nilai keausan terbesar teramati pada proses pemesinan dengan kecepatan potong Vc = 155.1m/min, f = 0.28 mm/rev dengan nilai VB = 0.065 mm. Hasil penelitian variasi parameter pemesinan kering stainless steel menggunakan pahat Al2O3 – TiO2 menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan potong, dan gerak makan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keausan pahat. Kata kunci: Pemesinan, karbida,Stainless steel, Keausan, Parameter
ANALISIS SISTEM PEMBUMIAN INSTALASI LISTRIK SATU PHASA (STUDI KELAYAKAN PADA BANGUNAN BERTINGKAT )
Authors: Ambabunga Yusri
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui macam-macam system pembumian dan faktor yang mempengaruhi pembumian serta mengetahui besarnya tahanan pembumian/impedansi pembumian pada bangunan bertingkat.. Sistem pembumian sangatlah penting untuk menyalurkan gangguan listrik satu phasa yang terjadi pada tegangan listrik nominal ke tanah, seperti hubung singkat satu phasa maupun hubung buka satu phasa yang mungkin terjadi dan berpengaruh pada peralatan – peralatan instalasi bangunan berlantai dua serta beban beban listrik satu phasa yang terpasang di dalam bangunan tersebut. Desain dan rancangan serta pemilihan bahan dan peralatan instalasi pembumian sangatlah penting, karena sangat mempengaruhi sistem keandalan, kecepatan kerja serta keamanan peralatan instalasi pembumian di dalam melindungi beban dalam daerah asuhannya (main protection) dari gangguan satu phasa yang disebabkan oleh gangguan eksternal dan internal. Sedangkan kecepatan kerja terkait dengan tingkat sensitivitas peralatan proteksi di dalam membaca dan mengukur besaran gangguan baik hubung buka (open circuit ) maupun hubung singkat (short circuit) pada instalasi listrik satu phasa pada bangunan bertingkat
KAJIAN KINERJA PELAYANAN TERMINAL ANGKUTAN UMUM (STUDI KASUS : TERMINAL MAKALE TANA TORAJA )
Authors: RD Ermitha Ambun , Indriani Monika
Published: July 2020

Terminal Makale merupakan titik simpul jaringan transportasi yang berfungsi melayani kendaraan angkutan umum pedesaan, angkutan antar kota bahkan angkutan antar propinsi. Terkait dengan hal tersebut, efektifitas dan kinerjanya akan berpengaruh bagi pergerakan ekonomi dan mobilitas masyarakat disekitarnya. Terminal dengan kinerja yang baik dipengaruhi oleh fasilitas dan penggunanya.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan kinerja Terminal Makale berdasarkan persepsi pengguna terminal. Metode analisa yang digunakan untuk mengetahui karakteristik terminal Makale ini adalah metode pendekatan Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) dan Costumer Statisfaction Index (CSI) dengan survey lapangan pada 73 responden penumpang dan 68 responden pengemudi . Selanjutnya survey kendaraan dilakukan pada hari Senin hingga hari Minggu dimulai pada pukul 07.00 - 22.00 WITA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Terminal Makale merupakan Teminal tipe C berdasarkan fasilitas umum dan fasilitas penunjang, sedangkan dari segi pelayanan angkutan Terminal Makale melayani Angkutan Kota Antar Provinsi (AKAP) dan Angkutan Kota Dalam Provinsi (AKDP) yang seharusnya dilayani oleh terminal Tipe A. Berdasarkan tingkat pelayanan jumlah arus angkutan, di peroleh volume kendaraan tertinggi 180 kendaraan/jam yaitu  pada hari sibuk (hari pasar). Bagi pengguna terminal beberapa indikator pelayanan Terminal Makale yang memiliki tingkat kepentingan tinggi, tetapi kinerjanya masih dinilai rendah oleh pengguna jasa, yaitu fasilitas keselamatan jalan, fasilitas keamanan, petugas keamanan kantor penyelenggara terminal, fasilitas dan petugas kebersihan, toilet/kamar mandi, kios/kantin, keterjangkauan letak jalur keberangkatan dan jalur kedatangan. Sedangkan penumpang dan pengemudi angkutan sebanyak 53% dan 54% merasa cukup puas atas kinerja terminal.
POTENSI PENGGUNAAN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORK (MANET) SEBAGAI ALAT KOMUNIKASI DATA PADA TRANSPORTASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Manapa Esther Sanda , Sampetoding Eliyah Acantha M , Lewakabessy Godfried
Published: July 2020

Ad Hoc Network adalah jaringan wireless yang terdiri dari kumpulan node bersifat dinamik yang dapat saling berkomunikasi. Node tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai pengirim dan penerima informasi data tetapi juga berfungsi sebagai jalur jaringan tempat informasi data yang terkirim. Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) adalah kumpulan dari beberapa wireless node yang dapat diatur secara dinamis di lokasi manapun dan tidak terbatas waktu tanpa menggunakan infrastruktur jaringan yang ada. MANET tidak memerlukan pusat administrasi dan infrastruktur kabel. MANET pada mobile host yang terhubung dengan wireless dapat bergerak bebas dan juga berperan sebagai router. Makalah ini memberikan wawasan tentang karakteristik MANET, aplikasi potensi dalam memanfaatkan teknologi MANET sebagai Alat Komunikasi Data Transportasi di Indonesia.
ANALISA PRODUKTIVITAS DAN EFISENSI ALAT BERAT UNTUK PEKERJAAN TANAH, DAN PEKERJAAN PERKERASAN BERBUTIR
Authors: Supit Donald Donny
Published: July 2020

Pelaksanaan pekerjaan konstruksi yang menggunakan peralatan berat diperlukan perencanaan yang akurat agar bisa dicapai suatu proyek dengan biaya dan waktu pelaksanaan yang optimal. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu analisa terhadap pemakain alat berat yang akan digunakan, sehingga dapat dihasilkan alternatif alat berat yang tepat untuk pembangunan suatu proyek. Salah satu pekerjaan yang penting dalam Proyek Rehabilitasi Jalan Ring Road II - Paniki adalah Pekerjaan Tanah, dan Pekerjaan Perkerasan Berbutir. Untuk itu diperlukan pemilihan peralatan berat yang tepat untuk pelaksanaan pekerjaan – pekerjaan tersebut. Alokasi, penjadwalan, dan pemilihan peralatan untuk setiap jenis pekerjaan sangat penting agar kemampuan operasinya bisa optimal dan saling menunjang terhadap peralatan lainnya mengingat bahwa alat berat sangat mahal dan konstribusinya cukup dominan pada proyek tersebut, maka sangat diperlukan tindakan efisiensi dengan cara mendayagunakan sumber daya alat tersebut. Sehingga studi ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisa alokasi alat berat dan penjadwalan. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan menghitung kapasitas produksi setiap alat berat, agar diperoleh nilai produktivitasnya dan alokasi kebutuhan alat berat yang diperlukan pada proyek yang ditinjau. Metode perhitungan yang dipakai disini adalah metode analisis data, yang meliputi analisis tentang material dan jenis pekerjaan, alat berat yang digunakan, perhitungan produksi alat berat, perhitungan jumlah efektif penggunaan alat berat, waktu pelaksanaan, dan hasil analisis perhitungan keseluruhan. Produktivitas adalah hal yang penting yang harus diketahui dalam melaksanakan sebuah proyek. Proyek dikatakan sukses apabila kontraktor berhasil mendapatkan laba maksimum dan pemilik mendapatkan hasil yang memuaskan serta penyelesaian proyek tepat waktu. Salah satu yang menentukan kesuksesan suatu proyek tersebut adalah produktivitas kerja
Crecimiento y condición otoñal de larvas de anchoíta en la Zona Común de Pesca Argentino-Uruguaya
Authors: Díaz Marina , Do Souto Marina , Brown Daniel , Capitanio Fabiana , Pájaro Marcelo
Published: July 2020

Se determinó el crecimiento y la condición nutricional de larvas de Engraulis anchoita en la Zona Común de Pesca Argentino-Uruguaya (ZCPAU). La condición se estimó a partir de la relación ARN/ADN estandarizada (RDs) del tronco muscular. El crecimiento se estudió calculando una tasa de crecimiento instantáneo sobre la base de un modelo que incluye RDs y temperatura. Se calculó, además, el crecimiento de los otolitos midiendo el espesor de los últimos tres incrementos completamente formados. Las muestras se obtuvieron en marzo de 2014. Los 12 lances oblicuos que se realizaron con red Bongo y malla de 300 µm mostraron presencia de larvas en seis de ellos. Se las separó a bordo y se fijaron en nitrógeno líquido. Posteriormente se las midió, se separaron las cabezas con un bisturí y se liofilizaron los troncos musculares en forma individual (N = 128). Se compararon dos secciones oceanográficas situadas sobre el margen sur y el margen norte de la ZCPAU (COSTAL I y II, respectivamente). La relación RDs de las larvas evidenció una buena condición nutricional. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la condición o el crecimiento entre ambas secciones. Se observó una correlación positiva entre el índice RDs y la talla, por lo que las comparaciones se realizaron considerando el estadio de desarrollo larval. El RDs para las larvas en preflexión en la COSTAL I fue 2,53 ± 1,29 (n = 53) y 2,92 ± 1,22 (n = 7) en la COSTAL II. Para las larvas en flexión fue 3,41 ± 1,07 (n = 22) y 2,91 ± 0,86 (n = 32) en las secciones I y II, respectivamente. La elevada condición nutricional de las larvas de anchoíta indica que las características ambientales que se observaron en marzo en el área de estudio serían apropiadas para su crecimiento y supervivencia.
Estimation of the Value-at-Risk (VaR) Using the TARCH Model by Considering the Effects of Long Memory in Stock Investments
Authors: Abdul Halim Nurfadhlina , Supriatna Agus , Prasetyo Adhy
Published: July 2020

Value at Risk (VaR) is one of the standard methods that can be used in measuring risk in stock investments. VaR is defined as the maximum possible loss for a particular position or portfolio in the known confidence level of a specific time horizon. The main topic discussed in this thesis is to estimate VaR using the TARCH (Threshold Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity) model in a time series by considering the effect of long memory. The TARCH model is applied to the daily log return data of a company's stock in Indonesia to estimate the amount of quantile that will be used in calculating VaR. Based on the analysis, it was found that with a significance level of 95% and assuming an investment of 200,000,000 IDR, the VaR using the TARCH model approach was 5,110,200 IDR per day.
Construções condicionais do português brasileiro escrito: uma perspectiva de gramática baseada no uso
Authors: Ely Leyla , Snichelotto Cláudia Andrea Rost
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo, apresentamos os resultados de uma análise de construções hipotáticas condicionais em dados escritos do português brasileiro contemporâneo, retirados de cartas pessoais de adeus (ELY, 2019). Procedeu-se ao levantamento qualitativo de aspectos linguísticos formais (ordem, conector e forma verbal) e funcionais (modalidade e expressão temporal) das construções condicionais com base na perspectiva da Gramática de Construções Baseada no Uso, que visa ao pareamento simbólico das construções linguísticas. Os resultados apontaram para uma relação entre a construção condicional e a modalidade, sobretudo a epistêmica, vinculado à predominância da ordem sintática canônica, do uso conjuncional prototípico “se” e da temporalidade futura na forma verbal simples em razão do contexto comunicativo da amostra investigada.
Transparent Carbon Disclosures: depth in Carbon-reporting of Dutch listed and non-listed companies
Authors: de Waard Dick , Marra Teye , Kranenburg Sam , van Oorschot Mark
Published: July 2020

Climate change is seen as one of the most relevant challenges for the next coming years, politically and economically. The Dutch government has set targets to reduce national carbon emissions according to the commitments made in Paris in 2015. Since companies substantially contribute to the level of carbon emissions, it is necessary to monitor their carbon emissions to see whether they fulfil their commitments. This research shows to what extent companies in the Netherlands (listed, non-listed family owned and a reference group we refer to as non-listed other companies) report their strategies, implementation and performance regarding carbon emissions and reduction. We find, not surprisingly, that on average listed companies are far more transparent than non-listed companies. Non-listed family owned companies are apparently not active or even not willing to be transparent about their carbon policy. However, we do find that several non-listed companies that score high in the Dutch Transparency Benchmark (non-listed other companies) are just as transparent about carbon emissions as AEX-listed companies that must report due to market regulation.

Furthermore, we find that most carbon disclosures are still of a mainly qualitative nature. This could imply that firms’ carbon disclosures are at present mostly a means of storytelling rather than a means of thorough analysis on how climate change risk might affect them and how they have to respond to mitigate these financial and societal risks.
The expected impacts of regulating non-financial reporting
Authors: Maas Karen , Sampers Peter
Published: July 2020

Traditional financial reporting is not sufficient anymore for the renewed need for information of stakeholders. In result, governments have created different policies to stimulate or to have seen a strong rise in this kind of reporting during the last decades. Stakeholders, including governments, have high expectations about the potential of the reporting process to lead to improved transparency and accountability as well as to internal change and performance improvement. In this article we have developed a theory of change, describing the logic of the path from reporting to performance improvement. Based on a literature study we have collected data that support or argue against this logic line. We conclude that there is limited evidence that we can expect that reporting automatically leads to improved performance. There is a clear need for more research into the impact of non-financial reporting on performance.
Hypertension in children and adolescents
Authors: Song Young Hwan
Published: July 2020

Hypertension is a major health problem in most developed and developing countries. Worldwide, approximately 1 billion people have hypertension, and 13% of all deaths are closely related to hypertension. Recently, the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents has increased, probably due to the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among youths. Increasing evidence suggests that adult hypertension has its antecedents in childhood, as childhood BP predicts adult BP. Additionally, pediatric hypertension may cause premature atherosclerosis and early development of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the identification and treatment of hypertension in childhood is likely to have an important impact on long-term outcomes of cardiovascular disease. International hypertension guidelines for children and adolescents have recently been significantly revised, especially regarding the diagnosis of hypertension. This review presents the recent guidelines for the diagnosis, evaluation, management, and treatment of hypertension in children and adolescents.
Clinical assessment for obstructive sleep apnea and national health insurance criteria for polysomnography
Authors: Kim Joon Kon , Kim Hyun Jik
Published: July 2020

Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder that includes symptoms such as snoring and apnea during sleep and daytime drowsiness. This disorder reduces a person’s quality of life and can also cause serious problems that interfere with one’s social life. Both non-surgical, such as positive pressure treatment, and surgical treatments can be performed to improve sleep apnea. Polysomnography is first needed to confirm the degree of sleep apnea before surgery and should be conducted in certified facilities according to strict regulations. While appropriate treatment for sleep apnea can be implemented based on polysomnography results, it is burdensome for patients to obtain a polysomnography examination because of the high cost. To increase the accessibility of polysomnography to patients, the government has implemented an insurance program for patients who meet certain criteria. Recently, these criteria have been revised. The purpose of this paper is to provide information on the latest health insurance criteria for polysomnography.
Effect of mixing structure on the water uptake of mixtures of ammonium sulfate and phthalic acid particles
Authors: Wang Weigang , Lei Ting , Zuend Andreas , Su Hang , Cheng Yafang , Shi Yajun , Ge Maofa , Liu Mingyuan
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Aerosol mixing state regulates the interactions between water molecules and particles and thus controls the aerosol activation and hygroscopic growth, which thereby influences the visibility degradation, cloud formation, and its radiative forcing. Current studies on the mixing structure effects on aerosol hygroscopicity, however, is few reported. Here we investigated the effect of phthalic acid (PA) coatings on the hygroscopic behavior of the core-shell mixtures of ammonium sulfate (AS) with PA using a coating-hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (coating-HTDMA). The slow increase in the hygroscopic growth factor of core-shell particles is observed with increasing thickness of coating PA prior to the DRH of AS. At RH above 80 %, a decrease in hygroscopic growth factor of particles occurs as the thickness of PA shell increases, which indicates that the increase of PA mass fractions leads to a reduction of the overall core-shell particle hygroscopicity. In addition, the use of the ZSR relation leads to the underestimation for the measured growth factors of core-shell particles without consideration of the morphological effect of core-shell particles. For the AS/PA well mixed particles, a shift of deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) of AS to lower relative humidity (RH) is observed due to the presence of PA in the well-mixed particles. The predicted hygroscopic growth factor using the ZSR relation is consistent with the measured hygroscopic growth factor of the well-mixed particles. Moreover, we compared and discussed the influence of mixing states on the water uptake of AS/PA aerosol particles. It is found that the hygroscopic growth factor of the core-shell particles is slightly higher than that of the well-mixed particles with the same mass fractions of PA at RH above 80 %. For our observation of AS/PA particles may contribute to a growing field of knowledge regarding the influence of coating properties and mixing structure on water uptake.
Success in grant applications for women and men
Authors: Stadmark Johanna , Jesus-Rydin Claudia , Conley Daniel J.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Sex-disaggregated data on the success rates of applications to the individual grants at the European Research Council and selected national
funding agencies show similar outcomes for women and men. There are large
differences in success rates between countries and in all countries with
applicants to the European Research Council men are applying
disproportionally more (and women less) compared to the demography of the
researchers in the higher education sectors in the respective countries.
Therefore, the proportion of women funded is even lower than their
representation in the fields of Natural Science and Engineering and
Technology. Some contributing factors are discussed and the question on how
the current and future success rates could be interpreted is raised.
Seasonal variability and sources of in situ brGDGT production in a permanently stratified African crater lake
Authors: van Bree Loes G. J. , Peterse Francien , Baxter Allix J. , De Crop Wannes , van Grinsven Sigrid , Villanueva Laura , Verschuren Dirk , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Lake sediments are important archives of continental climate history, and their lipid biomarker content can be exploited to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are bacterial membrane lipids widely used in paleoclimate studies to reconstruct past temperature. However, major gaps still exist in our understanding of the environmental controls on in situ (i.e., aquatic) production in lake systems. In Lake Chala, a permanently stratified tropical crater lake in East Africa, we determined the concentrations and fractional abundances of individual brGDGTs along depth profiles of suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected monthly from September 2013 to January 2015, and in settling particles collected monthly at 35 m water depth from August 2010 to January 2015, and compared these brGDGT distributions with those in surficial lake-bottom sediments and catchment soils. We find that brGDGTs are primarily produced within the water column, and that their concentrations and distributions vary greatly with depth and over time. Comparison with concentration-depth profiles of the monthly distribution and abundance of bacterial taxa, based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and quantification, indicates that Acidobacteria are likely not the main producers of brGDGTs in Lake Chala. Shallowing of the oxic-anoxic boundary during seasonal episodes of strong water-column stratification promoted production of specific brGDGTs in the anoxic zone. BrGDGT distributions in the water column do not consistently relate with temperature, pH, or dissolved-oxygen concentration, but do respond to transitions between episodes of strong stratification and deep (but partial) lake mixing, as does the aquatic bacterial community. Hence, the general link between brGDGT distributions and temperature in brGDGT-based paleothermometry is more likely driven by a change in bacterial community composition than by membrane adaptation of specific members of the bacterial community to changing environmental conditions. Although temperature is not the principal driver of distributional changes in aquatic brGDGTs in this system, at least not during the 17-month study period, abundance-weighted and time-integrated averages of brGDGT fractional abundance in the 53-month time series of settling particles reveal systematic variability over longer time scales that indirectly relates to temperature. Thus, although we do not as yet fully understand the drivers of modern-day brGDGT fluxes and distributions in Lake Chala, our data do support the application of brGDGT paleothermometry to time-integrated archives such as sediments.
Climate impacts on vegetation and fire dynamics since the last deglaciation at Moossee (Switzerland)
Authors: Rey Fabian , Gobet Erika , Schwörer Christoph , Hafner Albert , Szidat Sönke , Tinner Willy
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; end ca. 19 000 cal BP) central European plant communities have been shaped by changing climatic and
anthropogenic disturbances. Understanding long-term ecosystem
reorganizations in response to past environmental changes is crucial to draw
conclusions about the impact of future climate change. So far, it has been
difficult to address the post-deglaciation timing and ecosystem dynamics due
to a lack of well-dated and continuous sediment sequences covering the
entire period after the LGM. Here, we present a new paleoecological study
with exceptional chronological time control using pollen, spores and
microscopic charcoal from Moossee (Swiss Plateau, 521 m a.s.l.) to
reconstruct the vegetation and fire history over the last ca. 19 000 years.
After lake formation in response to deglaciation, five major pollen-inferred
ecosystem rearrangements occurred at ca. 18 800 cal BP (establishment of
steppe tundra), 16 000 cal BP (spread of shrub tundra), 14 600 cal BP
(expansion of boreal forests), 11 600 cal BP (establishment of the first
temperate deciduous tree stands composed of, e.g., Quercus, Ulmus, Alnus) and 8200 cal BP (first
occurrence of mesophilous Fagus sylvatica trees). These vegetation shifts were caused by
climate changes at ca. 19 000, 16 000, 14 700, 11 700 and 8200 cal BP.
Vegetation responses occurred with no apparent time lag to climate change when the mutual chronological uncertainties are considered. This finding is in
agreement with further evidence from southern and central Europe and might
be explained by the proximity to the refugia of boreal and temperate trees
(<400 km) and rapid species spreads. Our palynological record sets
the beginning of millennial-scale land use with periodically increased fire
and agricultural activities of the Neolithic period at ca. 7000 cal BP.
Subsequently, humans rather than climate triggered changes in vegetation
composition and structure. We conclude that Fagus sylvatica forests were resilient to
long-term anthropogenic and climatic impacts of the Mid and the Late
Holocene. However, future climate warming and in particular declining
moisture availability may cause unprecedented reorganizations of central
European beech-dominated forest ecosystems.
Rock and snow differentiation from colour (RGB) images
Authors: Burton-Johnson Alex , Wyniawskyj Nina Sofia
Published: July 2020

Abstract. We present a new method for differentiating snow and rock in colour imagery for application (including by remote sensing non-specialists) to multidisciplinary geospatial analyses in the Polar Regions (e.g. glaciology, geology, and biology). Existing methods for differentiating rock from snow and ice for land cover analysis in the Polar Regions rely on infrared or near-infrared imagery (e.g. the Normalised Difference Snow Index, NDSI). However, colour images are more abundant and higher resolution. To enable application of this resource, we present and review supervised and unsupervised methods for differentiating rock and snow from colour images. Whilst the unsupervised methods (fuzzy membership and a normalised difference index) are unable to accurately differentiate snow and rock from colour images, supervised classification (Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) and a new approach, Polynomial Thresholding (PT)) do achieve high classification accuracies (95 ± 2 % for PT and 94 ± 3 % for MLC, compared with manual delineation). The greater user control of PT achieves better accuracies than MLC in shaded areas (a challenge in high latitudes) and less extensive outcrops. We present the workflow for the new PT method, and provide a calibration tool for its implementation. This approach improves the possible resolution of Polar land cover analysis, and the increases the volume of data that can be utilised.
Antes y después de digitalizar: una visión crítica de la gestión de colecciones sonoras en España
Authors: Miró-Charbonnier Ignacio
Published: July 2020

El patrimonio sonoro y el audiovisual suelen seguir vías separadas, como demuestran sus directrices teóricas, planes prácticos, proyectos de investigación y actividades formativas de salvaguardia documental. A esa división se añade la de los archivos sonoros en “musicales” y “de palabra”. Son dificultades para estudiar los archivos sonoros españoles en su conjunto, agravadas por la escasez de instrumentos de consulta: los hay valiosos pero se centran en localizar e identificar centros y apenas describen a las colecciones y su gestión. Ha sido necesario por tanto un estudio más complejo, que tomara proyectos pensados para otros ámbitos geográficos como base para una nueva encuesta a las instituciones españolas de la memoria. Se ha pedido a éstas que valorasen la gestión actual de los documentos sonoros, en cuatro etapas del proceso documental: los censos y estudios de conjunto; el análisis individual; la preservación analógica y digital; y las posibilidades de acceso y difusión. Las respuestas de las instituciones han revelado que esa gestión presenta en gran parte de España carencias importantes en casi todas las etapas. Las soluciones pueden ser conocidas pero deben ser adoptadas urgentemente para librar a los documentos sonoros de un alto riesgo de deterioro y desaparición
Does foodservice industry care about CSR? A study in Portugal and Ukraine
Authors: Sokil Oksana , Ubrežiová Iveta , Eugenio Teresa , Marques Tânia
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the article is to compare the CSR perception level of the food service industry in Portugal and Ukraine. The main goal of the study is to find the attitudes in Portugal and in Ukraine towards CSR. Additionally, two hypotheses were formulated to understand the possible relation between (1) the financial situation and (2) the duration of the company with the awareness level about the CSR concept. A quantitative approach, using questionnaires, was adopted to survey using a sample of 201 representatives of SMEs in the foodservice sector (101 Portuguese and 100 Ukrainian), in 2019. Descriptive statistics and Spearman test were used to analyze the data. The present work demonstrates a significant correlation between the financial situation of the company and the CSR awareness level of leadership. Furthermore, the research shows that activities related to the economic sphere and CSR workplace policy among food sector companies in Ukraine and Portugal are developed to a great extent. From this point of view, we can state, that the publication of the article is one of the results and supported by grant project KEGA 005SPU-4/2019 “Theory and Practice of the International Management and Entrepreneurship in Multicultural Environment”. In this study, two different countries were chosen (Portugal and Ukraine), which are different in culture, history, and economic background. The paper focused on the food service industry and contributes to the ongoing debate about the SMEs and its involvement with CSR. It also helps schools to identify plans in CSR policy and topics for future research.
Thermal stability of prepared chicken feet gelatine gel in comparison with commercial gelatines
Authors: Mrázek Petr , Gál Robert , Mokrejš Pavel , Krejčí Ondřej , Orsavová Jana
Published: July 2020

Gelatine is, due to its functional properties, currently widely used not only in the food industry (in the production of confectionery, dairy products, canned food) but also in pharmacy (soft and hard capsules) and cosmetics (creams, lotions) where it applies its ability to form thermoreversible gel stronger than most other gelling agents. What is more, it provides further excellent properties including emulsifying, foaming, stabilizing, film-forming, water and fat binding, texturizing, thickening, and adhesive attributes which makes it a very important hydrocolloid. Gelatine is obtained from the raw material of animal tissues containing collagen, usually mammalian skin or bones. For religious reasons in some countries, pork or bovine gelatine must be replaced by an alternative form, such as poultry or fish gelatine. The quality of gelatine is assessed mostly by the strength of gelatine gel which strongly depends on ambient temperature or humidity. Extraction conditions may also significantly affect the quality of gelatine. This study examined possible changes in the strength of gelatine gels prepared from laboratory-produced chicken feet gelatine and compared them with commercially available pork and beef gelatines at temperatures of 23, 29, and 35 °C at 60 and 80% humidity. While at 23 °C thermal stability of prepared chicken gelatine was monitored higher than in commercial gelatines, experiments at 29 and 35 °C provided equivalent results for chicken and commercial gelatines. Therefore, prepared chicken gelatine offers a significant potential to become an alternative to traditional gelatines. The information about gelatine gels thermal stability is of great importance for applications not only in the food; but also in the pharmaceutical industry.
Utilisation of Quinoa for development of fermented beverages
Authors: Karovičová Jolana , Kohajdová Zlatica , Lauková Michaela , Minarovičová Lucia , Greifová Mária , Hojerová Jarmila , Greif Gabriel
Published: July 2020

Lactic acid fermentation of pseudocereals represents a useful tool for the preparation of value-added beverages with beneficial properties to consumers. The aim of this work was the development of a novel quinoa-based beverage fermented with commercially available probiotic culture including Bifidobacterium sp., Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Streptococcus thermophilus. The results concluded that fermentation of quinoa beverages significantly increased proteins and total phenolic content and antioxidation activity in the final products (by 36.84%, 26.67%, and 14.74%, respectively). In general, the overall acceptability of unfermented quinoa beverages was low (less than 46%), but the fermentation process slightly increased their acceptability (by 9.43%). A significant improvement of acceptability was observed, when the raspberry syrup was supplemented into the fermented beverages (by 90.98% compared to the no supplemented samples). Viability of fermenting microorganisms, pH, total acidity, and organic acid content were determined during the storage of beverages for 21 days at 5 °C. It was found that prepared quinoa beverages had a good probiotic potential (>6 CFU.mL-1 of lactic acid bacteria cocci). Furthermore, this study also showed that the quinoa represents a suitable raw material for formulation novel gluten and dairy-free fermented beverages with increased content of nutritionally important compounds.
The Function of “O Man Unkynde” in Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Laud Misc. 330, and Trinity College Cambridge, MS 0.2.53
Authors: Campion Louise Gabrielle Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

This article examines the function of the fifteenth-century Middle English penitential lyric “O Man Unkynde” in two manuscripts. This lyric, which appears in five manuscripts, asks readers to “see” Christ's wounds. In three cases, this instruction is fulfilled by the presence of an accompanying image. In the two manuscripts with which I am concerned, the lyric appears without any complementary illustration. It discusses the way in which this absence of a visual referent might have altered the way in which the lyric was read by the readers of these two codices. In both instances, it argues that the interaction between the lyric and the other texts in the manuscripts suggests that it was regarded as a tool that might be used in the preparation of the reader for the sacrament of confession, and that inward visualization was key to the use of the lyric in these contexts.
Midiendo la exposición del cambio climático en las ciudades mesoamericanas
Authors: Olivera Villarroel Sazcha , Labra Diana , García Lucero , Heard Christopher
Published: July 2020

La presente investigación analiza la volatilidad de la precipitación y la temperatura en las ciudades mesoamericanas generadas por el cambio climático, utilizando como línea base la dinámica de las dos variables climáticas observadas mes a mes; entre 1971 a 1980 y 2001 a 2010 comparándolas con escenarios futuros de clima para los años 2061 a 2070. Las ciudades mesoamericanas utilizadas en el análisis que incluyen a las ciudades capitales de los estados del sudeste mexicano, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras y Belice. Medir la volatilidad de variables climáticas nos permite calificar si la distribución de lluvias y temperatura está por encima o por debajo de los rangos medios de la distribución histórica de estas variables. Entender la volatilidad climática, permite vislumbra una serie de escenarios de carácter técnico y político, y generar acciones concretas ante el cambio en las dinámicas climáticas de largo plazo y con ello anticiparse a los efectos de los eventos climáticos extremos presentes en una región. El método faculta la toma de decisiones en política pública, en particular en las áreas urbanas donde la tendencia a climas secos y cálidos genera una serie de consecuencias.  Algunas consecuencias son i) la necesidad de diversificar las fuentes de agua potable y la generación hidroeléctrica, ii) los efectos de las rachas de calor en la calidad de vida de la población, iii) la calidad de sueño y productividad y en última instancia iv) el consumo de niveles de energía destinados a aire acondicionado o refrigeración superiores a los niveles actuales.
Biopolímeros para uso agro industrial: Alternativa sostenible para la elaboración de una película de almidón termo plástico biodegradable
Authors: Cornejo Reyes Gerson Vladimir , Marinero-Orantes Edgar Antonio , Funes-Guadrón Carlos Renán , Toruño Pedro José
Published: July 2020

El presente trabajo se realizó para generar una alternativa sostenible en la producción de bioplásticos para usos agroindustriales, aprovechando cultivos de El Salvador tales como papa (Solanum tuberosum) y yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) ricos en almidón, modificando la estructura molecular por procesos térmicos y químicos para obtener un almidón termoplástico capaz de ser moldeable como película biodegradable y ser mezclado como biocompuesto. Esto con el objetivo de mitigar la contaminación por plásticos petroquímicos con altas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y daños directos a la biodiversidad, puesto que la dinámica de crecimiento poblacional ha conllevado el arraigo por factores socio-económicos y culturales al uso desmedido de plásticos, demanda que incrementará paralelamente con la producción de alimentos.
Modelo de observatorio agropecuario del cambio climático en el departamento norte de Santander, Colombia
Authors: Núñez-Rodríguez Jose de jesus , Carvajal Rodriguez Julio César
Published: July 2020

Los impactos del cambio climático en el sector agropecuario requieren de la implementación de herramientas técnicas de registro, sistematización, manejo y divulgación de la información entre los actores sociales involucrados. El Modelo de Observatorio Agropecuario del Cambio Climático en el departamento Norte de Santander (OACC), Colombia, realizado entre los años 2019 y 2020, tiene como objetivo monitorear el comportamiento del sector ante los impactos del cambio climático en 3 estaciones de estudio: planicie (220 msnm), montaña (1.051 msnm) y páramo (2.400 msnm). El diseño del Modelo ameritó el desarrollo de las  fases: a) Caracterización de las áreas agropecuarias potenciales para la instalación del OACC en el departamento; b) Determinación con los actores sociales agropecuarios de la región la pertinencia, ubicación y características del OACC; c) Diseño del modelo de Observatorio; d) Análisis de la factibilidad técnica del modelo de OACC; e)  Estudio de la sostenibilidad financiera del  OACC y; f) Validación del modelo con expertos en las áreas ambientales, agropecuarias y sociales. El Observatorio utilizará informaciones provenientes de las instituciones públicas y privadas y las derivadas directamente en las 3 estaciones de estudio para generar indicadores ambientales, económicos, productivos y sociales, como insumos contextualizados y pertinentes, para la formulación de políticas, planes y programas de desarrollo socioeconómico, educación, investigación, manejo de riesgos e información para los actores sociales de la entidad.
Exploring the Emotional Intelligence Needs of University Lecturers in Managing Work-Related Challenges
Authors: Igbafe Eucharia Chinwe
Published: July 2020

The emotional intelligence needs of Nigerian university lecturers in managing work‑related challenges were investigated in this study. A qualitative research approach of phenomenological interpretive design was used. Twelve university lecturers were selected purposively from three sampled Nigerian universities to participate in the research. The recorded interviews were transcribed and thereafter analysed with the assistance of ATLAS.ti 8 software. The four main themes that emerged were (a) struggling with regular work activities and emerging emotions, (b) finding a balance amidst many different demands and the lack of resources, (c) adaptability and adjustment problems, and (d) lack of emotional support from the university and possible reasons. The findings revealed that emotional intelligence needs regarding self-management and the management of relationships are present within the universities. The study also revealed that there is a need for institutional based policy to steer the addition of emotional intelligence exercise in academic systematic Professional improvement undertakings to ensure quality management of work challenges and the associated emotions. It is suggested that such training could be implemented through seminars and workshops in the various departments.
Ecocide als internationaal misdrijf? Perspectieven op vervolging en berechting in Nederland
Authors: Sluiter G.K. (Göran) , van Straaten B. (Barbara)
Published: July 2020

Ecocide als internationaal misdrijf? Perspectieven op vervolging en berechting in Nederland

Al geruime tijd leeft de wens ernstige milieumisdrijven (ecocide) onderdeel te laten uitmaken van het internationaal strafrecht, in het bijzonder de misdrijven waarover het Internationaal Strafhof rechtsmacht heeft. Het is op dit moment niet te voorspellen of en op welke wijze ecocide ooit volwaardig onderdeel gaat uitmaken van het positieve internationale strafrecht. Deze bijdrage richt zich op de vraag in hoeverre het actuele internationale strafrecht aanknopingspunten biedt voor vervolging van ecocide en op welke wijze Nederland in de nationale opsporings- en vervolgingspraktijk hiermee rekening zou moeten houden.
Hoe milieudoelstellingen en hardleersheid van de overheid milieucriminaliteit veroorzaken en in stand houden
Authors: Koopmans I.M. (Ingeborg)
Published: July 2020

Hoe milieudoelstellingen en hardleersheid van de overheid milieucriminaliteit veroorzaken en in stand houden

In september 2019 is het rapport ‘De markt de baas’ van het Centrum voor Criminaliteitspreventie en Veiligheid verschenen. Het behelst een verkenning naar knelpunten in de uitvoeringspraktijk van toezicht en handhaving met betrekking tot milieucriminaliteit en is tot stand gekomen in opdracht van het Ministerie van Justitie en Veiligheid en het Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat op verzoek van het Bestuurlijk Omgevingsberaad. Het is een niet al te lang en lezenswaardig rapport, waarin een aantal interessante waarnemingen staan vermeld. Dit artikel staat stil bij een aantal opvallende en zichzelf versterkende combinatie van deze waarnemingen uit dat rapport.
Coronacrisis en fraude: vier mogelijke relaties
Authors: Meerts Clarissa , Huisman Wim
Published: July 2020

Corona crisis and fraud: four possible relationships

This contribution contains several concrete examples of ‘Corona crime’ thereby showing how the current crisis is creating new opportunities for committing crimes. The authors revert to an analysis framework that was previously used to interpret new forms of crime during the banking crisis. It consists of four scenarios that are briefly described. The future will have to show what effects the corona pandemic has had on fraud and other financial and economic crime.
Het verlies van geld, geluk en gezicht
Authors: Notté Raoul
Published: July 2020

Romance scams, dating fraud and ‘sweetheart swindles’. The loss of money, happiness and face

Romance scams have seen a worldwide increase and are one of the most financially damaging forms of cybercrime. In addition, victims suffer strong emotional impact and are confronted with victim blaming. Research shows how the combination of various emotional and financial impact can induce a ‘double-hit’ on victims. Knowledge and possibilities for law enforcement are insufficient, which leads to a lack of financial compensation and support for victims.
Ons cybergedrag is veel onveiliger dan we zelf denken
Authors: van der Kleij Rick , van ’t Hoff-de Goede Susanne , van de Weijer Steve , Leukfeldt Rutger
Published: July 2020

Our cyber behavior is much more unsafe than we think. Implications for effective government influence policy

The aim of this research was to examine how Dutch citizens behave online and to explain their online behavior. The results of an experimental survey (N=2,426) show that unsafe behavior is highly prevalent. For example, nearly 40% of the respondents use a weak password. However, it appears that there are major differences between self-reported behavior and objective behavior. The objective measurements in the survey show that people behave more unsafely than they self-report. The research further shows that there is no silver bullet for promoting more safe online behavior. Different online behaviors seem to stem from different sources. Nevertheless, the authors do see a lot of value in interventions that focus on adaptations to the technology that people use for online activities, such that the possibility of unsafe behavior is reduced and the possibility of safe behavior is increased – also known as security by design. There is a role here for policy measures encouraging technology manufacturers to make these adjustments.
Dissidências crianceiras: involução criadora em sala de aula
Authors: Souza Edilma De , Monteiro Silas Borges
Published: July 2020

Este texto traz fragmentos de movimentos de pesquisa em educação. Os movimentos são marcados por leituras e escrituras agitadoras de ideias. A pesquisa abraça a filosofia da diferença e o pensamento de Deleuze, Butler e Corazza entre possíveis planos de composição na angústia de problematizar as performatividades de gêneros que constitui vidas, em especial o falogocentrismo. Para tanto, realizou -se experimentações investigativas com crianças que frequentam o ensino fundamental. As experimentações são experiências não-preexistentes, inventadas no acontecimento do cotidiano escolar. Saímos da história para entrar na vida, a vida enquanto afirmação e vontade de potência que reverbera sistemas binários de dominação. Assim, encontramos dissidências crianceiras quanto aos atos de performatividades de gêneros por meio de oficinas de escrileituras que resultaram em escritas-leituras críticas e criadoras de novos modos de pensar, ver e sentir a vida e a Educação.