bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kriminalinės justicijos recepcijos Lietuvos visuomenėje ypatumai
Authors: Dobryninas Aleksandras , Čėsnienė Ilona , Dobrynina Margarita , Giedraitis Vincentas , Merkevičius Remigijus
Published: January 2019

It is suggested that the reader consider an earlier publication by the same authors with a similar theme: “Perceptions of criminal justice in society” (Dobryninas, A., Dobrynina, M., Česnienė, I., Giedraitis, V., Merkevičius, R. “On Perceptions of Criminal Justice in Society.” Sociologija: Mintis ir veiksmas. 2012. Issue 2. pg. 222–238). This article empirically illustrates how criminal justice principles are used to understand different social groups’ perspectives, what are the similarities and differences between these groups, how the intergroup communications about criminal justice issues form, and so on. The authors analyzed and summarized qualitative data (focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with Lithuanian criminal justice experts, politicians, journalists, community leaders) and quantitative data (using a Lithuanian representative survey of the population and Lithuanian mass media content analy­sis), which was collected during 2012–2014. The first chapter is devoted to the social normative perceptions of criminal justice, the second – the economic and political aspects which influenced the understanding of criminal justice in society, and the third chapter – examines the influence of mass media on the Lithuanian Criminal Justice system’s public image. It is concluded that a consensus on the implementation of the prin­ciples of criminal justice among different groups is possible only in part. While the needs are the same as the criminal justice system, decisions must be impartial, objective, humane, equal for all, but how to achieve such a consensus of opinions is very divided. The study participants indicated a variety of reasons that impede the achievement of a mutual understanding: financial constraints, lack of inter-institutional cooperation, party or individual interests take precedence over the interests of society, the role of the media and so on. It is also proposed to improve the current situation in the organization and promotion of communication and alignment of interest between different social groups that have to be done in cooperation with the mass media and other governmental and nongovernmental institutions.

Key words: criminal justice; professional, political and public discourses, mass media.
Vartotojų visuomenės užuomazgos Lietuvoje (XIX a. antra pusė–XX a. pradžia)
Authors: Ambrulevičiūtė Aelita
Published: January 2019

Prior to the spread of mass production goods, luxury products (which signified a high social status) were mostly made out of expensive materials and their costs were determined by the physical properties they had. Such goods were expensive in the truest sense of the word and they did not have any less expensive analogues, made out of cheaper materials. Everyday things of the upper class were usually out of reach for the lower social strata. That is why until the spread of goods of mass production, the difference between the goods used by the upper class and those used by the lower social strata emphasized various social group distinctions, and social status was recognized by socially corresponding products.Moreover, before the spread of goods of mass production, the lower social strata did not have an opportunity to take fashion tendencies into account and change their clothes, furniture and other household goods. They would use the things until they were completely worn out. Changing things according to the “fashion” as well as demonstrating a possibility of spending funds on luxury products was a common practice amongst the cultural elites.Slowly the attitude of the lower social strata towards consumption started to change, and a demand for manufactured, store-bought items began to rise. The purchasing and consumption habits of the less fortunate in the society began to be influenced not only by the functions or physical properties of the products, but also by the supposed social importance of the usage of them. Such products (in most cases this did not depend on its quality) were increasing the social rank of an individual in the society as well as emphasizing their lifestyle and wealth. Quite often the unique characteristics of a product and conveniences it provided in housekeeping, were less important than the cultural importance it provided to the owner.The ability to buy some housekeeping-related products provided greater comfort as well as new and good quality items, changed the consumption habits reaching a higher level. Expenditure on goods amongst the lower social strata acquired a representative social value and became means for demonstrating the financial standing and standard of living.
Kiek kartų Lietuvoje buvo restauruotas kapitalizmas? Apie dvi Lietuvos okupacijas ir jų žalos skaičiavimus
Authors: Norkus Zenonas
Published: January 2019

The paper compares the political economic systems under German (1915–1918) and Soviet (1940–1941, 1944–1990 m.) occupations in Lithuania. During the World War I, Lithuania was part of the German occupation zone Ober Ost, ruled by the higher commando of the German Eastern front (Oberbefehlshaber Ost). The German military command of Eastern front under Paul Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff used Lithuania as a laboratory for large scale social experiment, creating the first planned command administrative economy in the world. After they were promoted to the higher commando of all German armed forced and established in 1917–1918 de facto military dictatorship over Germany, they made the attempt to establish the Ober Ost system in the metropole. Although the realization of the complete „Hindenburg programme“ did fail, by 1917 Germany lived under military socialism (Kriegssozialismus) and coercive economy, which became the example and source of inspiration for Bolsheviks constructing Soviet model of state socialism. In 1940, this model came back to Lithuania, history making the full circle. This means that the market transition in 1990–1992 was second restoration of capitalism in Lithuania, because in 1918–1922 the capitalist economic system also was restored here jointly with the establishment of national state. Contemporary Lithuania demands from Russia to pay for damage inflicted on Lithuanian economy by Soviet occupation, and interwar Lithuania did demand the same form Weimar Germany in 1922–1923. However, while interwar Lithuania did ask to pay only direct occupation damage, contemporary Lithuania demands to compensate also the indirect damage. The main part of this damage is the loss of the national income which Lithuania did not receive in 1940–1990 because the efficient capitalist economic system was replaced by the less productive state socialist system during this time. However, the calculations of the indirect damage incorrectly assume that all varieties of capitalism are more efficient in the developing countries in comparison with command administrative system. The assumption that the variety of capitalism which existed in Lithuania by 1940 (state cooperative capitalism) was not less efficient than Stalinist Soviet socialism is politically correct one, as much as the expectation that under this system independent Lithuania would become advanced technological frontier country („second Finland“) by 1990. Nevertheless, the counterfactual development path of the independent capitalist Lithuania in 1940–1990 would include critical conjunctures and crossroads, which could end with Lithuania entering „low road“ development path. Tellingly, Latin American capitalist country Uruguay (similar to Lithuania and other Baltic culture by its size and economc structure) had higher GDP per capita level than Lithuania in 1940, but by 1990 this level was lower than in Soviet Lithuania. Importantly, Uruguay never was under Soviet Russian occupation, did not construct socialism or suffered war damage.
Veiksmas ir komunikacija niklaso luhmanno socialinėje teorijoje
Authors: Salem A.
Published: January 2019

This article offers a critical introduction to some of the most striking features of Niklas Luhmann’s social theory. It opens with a discussion of Luhmann’s departure from older forms of functionalism (above all the ideas of Parsons), and of how his work marks a distinct break with essentialism, foundationalism and humanism. This is followed by an account of the importance to his theory of free-form social structures that can reproduce themselves in ways not determined by external forces, a never-ending process in which, on Luhmann’s account, human agents have no part to play. Next the place and role of communication (and of obstacles to communicative efficacy) in his vision of society are examined, and the decisive split between human action and communication systems in his work is further discussed. Finally, some of the implications of Luhmann’s theory for social critique are drawn out, and it is argued that, despite posing serious difficulties for the idea of criticism as conventionally conceived, this theory might actually help to renew it.

Keywords: communications theory, cybernetics, human action, post-humanism, social change, social criticism, social systems, social theory.
Racionalumo problema sociologijoje (II)
Authors: Valantiejus Algimantas
Published: January 2019

The second part of the article aims to articulate and explicate the parallels between post-empiricist scientific philosophy and post-analytical sociology, and between the conception of naturalistic epistemology in philosophy and the conception of pragmatic rationality in sociology. The article argues that the methodological problem of rationality in sociology is the part of the larger epistemological relationship between philosophy and science. Normative relationship between the norms of rationality and the criteria of scientific objectivity is analyzed in two main perspectives of contemporary sociology – analytical and post-analytical.
„Heideggerio bylos“ byla: filosofijos silpnatvė ir stiprybė
Authors: Adomaitis Laurynas , Šaulauskas Marius Povilas Povilas
Published: January 2019

It is claimed that excerpts from “Schwarzen Hefte” published in 2014–2015 do not provide sufficient ground for affirming Heidegger’s Nazism even if it was latently prevalent. Instead, the current upheaval concerning the Heidegger affair is to be understood in diagnostic terms of contemporary philosophical discourse: first of all it is the scientistic discrediting of Geisteswissenschaften and their fullfledged epistemological potential so that it is widely held that these sciences and foremost philosophy are not capable of following the methodology based on fact/value distinction, and consequently their “products”, as in this case Heidegger’s philosophical corpus, must be judged by axiological standards (moral and political beliefs of the author) rather than epistemological merits.
Kooperacija ir išsilaisvinimo politika: Aristotelis ir Marxas
Authors: Bielskis Andrius
Published: January 2019

This article aims to provide an alternative conception of the politics of emancipation against the background of Aristotelian and Marxist theories. It links emancipatory politics with a specific notion of faith as a fundamental feature of being in the world, one enabling the interpellation of dominant ideologies and distorted political power structures. Aristotle’s conception of the zoon politikon is reinterpreted in terms of an intersubjectivity based on human cooperation, and its three essential aspects – symmetry/symmetry, teleology and structures of meaning – are analysed. Once these concepts have been articulated, a philosophical critique of neoliberal capitalism becomes possible: the logic of capital circulation becomes irrational when seen from the viewpoint of intersubjective cooperation, given that capitalism is based on profit maximisation, on subordinating labour to capital, on control over the entire production process through the private ownership of the means of production, and on the commodification of human life. The article ends with a brief account of economic democracy.
Galios samprata elito ir pliuralizmo teorijose
Authors: Mazgelytė Rūta
Published: January 2019

This article analyses and compares the concept of power in elite and pluralist theories, particularly the work of Michels and that of the pluralists Lindblom and Woodhouse, with the aim of considering how power is interpreted within these theories. While elite theories emphasise the central role of the elite in shaping political change, pluralist theories oppose elite theories and do not attribute such a significant role to the elite. A comparison of elite and pluralist views on the issue of power consolidation, however, shows a basic assumption underlying the two bodies of work: for both, power is concentrated in the hands of the ruling elite, which is stable and which is slowly renewed with new members. Via direct or indirect assimilation, the ruling elite absorbs those connected with strategic state resources (military, economic, and so forth), and maintains its integrity and unity by, for instance, integrating opponents into state bureaucracy structures, or through the use of force, or assimilation or the creation of internal closure via internal rotation. Those not belonging to the elite – poor, marginal actors – are disconnected from the realisation of their interests.
Etniškumas ir pagyvenusių žmonių įtraukimas į aprūpinimo būstu programas metropolinėje Vakarų Midlandso grafystėje
Authors: Dixon Andrew
Published: January 2019

This paper draws on research on ethnicity and equity in the uptake of housing for older people provided in the (non-commercial) social sector, and on data collected to inform the case for sensitivity in the planning and delivery of housing and related services for minority ethnic older people. The study area comprised five metropolitan districts in the West Midlands – Birmingham, Dudley, Sandwell, Walsall and Wolverhampton. The research focused on older people from the White British, White Irish, Black Caribbean, Pakistani and Indian communities. In this paper an estimate of minority ethnic representation in municipal housing for older people relative to the incidence of White British occupancy is presented. Estimates are prepared with respect to the districts of Birmingham, Sandwell and Wolverhampton. Additionally, an interpretation of the estimated representation patterns is sketched out, drawing on the reported responses of people in later life from White Irish, Black Caribbean, Pakistani and Indian communities; respondents were asked about what they know of housing for older people provided by social sector landlords, and what they want from housing as they become older.
Ilga kelionė iš Mėmelio į Klaipėdą, o paskui – per Akropolį namo
Authors: Valantiejus Algimantas
Published: January 2019

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Alexei’aus Yurchako politiškumo samprata ir vėlyvojo sovietmečio paradoksai
Authors: Kavaliauskaitė Jūratė
Published: January 2019

The article examines the concept of the political, and it’s relationship to the Late Soviet Socialism, adressed in the Sovietology oeuvre of Proffesor Alexei Yurchak. The question is raised whether the claim about inner paradoxes of the late Soviet system as a single discursive formation can be substantiated without addressing the probability of more fundamental discursive divisions, splits and multiplicities structuring life of the post-Stalinist epoch. The critical analysis of such concepts as „authoritative discourse“ and discursive „performative shift“ reveals contradictions of author‘s conceptual attempt to explain the legitimacy of the late Soviet system, as well as elucidates why the issue of the Soviet as the political remains suspended in the analytical shema of Yurchak.
Blato ryšių Lietuvoje vėlyvuoju sovietmečiu analizė
Authors: Žiliukaitė Rūta
Published: January 2019

This article is aimed at revealing structural characteristics of blat networks during late soviet period in Lithuanian society. Blat is understood as a form of informal exchange particular for Soviet society. It was oriented at satisfaction of needs of personal consumption and it reorganized state system of distribution of material resources. The article starts from brief review of institutional conditions that facilitated formation and spread of blat exchange and defines consequences of blat for functioning of Soviet system. The article goes on presenting results of the data analysis of representative survey of Lithuanian population conducted in 2014. It is concluded that during Late Soviet period blat networks in Lithuanian society mainly consisted of strong ties, however, material well-being of individuals was associated with their abilities to use not only strong, but also weak ties. Data analysis also reveal that blat practices were frequently misrecognized as such by those who used them.
Socialinių paslaugų programos: šiandiena ir ateities perpsektyvos
Authors: Vareikytė Audronė
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje aptariama socialinių paslaugų plėtojimo Lietuvoje aspektai ir siūlomos tolesnės vystymo kryptys. Šalyje ilgą laiko tarpą vyravo stacionarus paslaugų teikimo būdas. Alternatyvios paslaugų rūšys, tokios kaip dienos globos paslaugos, laikina vaikų globa ar laikino gyvenimo namai yra naujos tiek paslaugų vartotojams, tiek paslaugų teikėjams bei organizatoriams. Atskirose savivaldybėse išryškėja dideli išlaidų socialinėms paslaugoms skirtumai. Daugelis savivaldybių, planuodamos paslaugas, stacionariai globai skiria daugiau kaip 60 proc. visų socialinėms paslaugoms skirtų lėšų. Daugiausia stacionarių įstaigų yra vaikams. Reikia esminių vaikų globos organizavimo pokyčių: iki minimumo mažinti vaikų, gyvenančių stacionariose globos įstaigose, skaičių ir teikti alternatyvias stacionariai globai paslaugas ne tik jiems, bet ir jų šeimoms. 1999 m. pagalbos namuose paslaugas gavo daugiau kaip 7 tūkst. žmonių. Pagalbos namuose teikimo rodikliai rodo, kad šią paslaugų rūšį reikia plėtoti ir stiprinti. Savivaldybių veiklos rodikliai rodo, kad stacionarioms paslaugoms skiriamų lėšų dalis kasmet didėja. Ministerijai pateikti partnerystės su savivaldybėmis sutarčių duomenys rodo, kad dienos centruose apskaita yra tvarkoma labai skirtingai, todėl šiandien sunku lyginti centrų veiklą,kartu pasakyti, kiek gyventojų naudojasi dienos centrų paslaugomis. Pagrindinės kryptys, kuriomis turi būti plėtojama paslaugų sistema: paslaugų efektyvumo didinimas, NVO ir privačių socialinių paslaugų teikėjų įtraukimas į paslaugų teikimą, Bendruomeninių paslaugų plėtojimas ir pirmenybės teikimas pagalbai namuose, o ne stacionarioms paslaugoms.
Švedijos tarptautinės plėtros ir bendradarbiavimo agentūros (SIDA) indėlis į projekto bendruomenės socialinių paslaugų plėtra įgyvendinimą
Authors: Zabieta Alfredas
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje pristatomas projekto „Bendruomenės socialinių paslaugų plėtra“ turinys ir įgyvendinimas. Projektas buvo vykdomas bendradarbiaujant LR Socialinės apsaugos ir darbo ministerijai ir Švedijos tarptautinės plėtros ir bendradarbiavimo agentūrai (SIDA). Projekto tikslas buvo – sukurti alternatyvią socialinių paslaugų sistemą brangias stacionarias socialines paslaugas teikiančioms įstaigoms. SIDA lėšos buvo naudojamos projekto įvertinimui ir dirbančiųjų socialinį darbą kvalifikacijos tobulinimo programoms finansuoti.
Service Quality - Determining Factors
Authors: Žalimienė Laimutė
Published: January 2019

The goal of the paper is to present the development of social service system in Lithuania. The first period is from 1990 to 1998. It is stated that the first period is characterized by the rapid increase in the amount of social services. The second period started in 1998 and its distinguishing characteristic is an attention to the quality of social services. The issues and difficulties of quality measurement are discussed in the last part of the paper.
The Importance of Team Approach in Social Work
Authors: Vaicekauskienė Violeta
Published: January 2019

The specialists from municipalities, day care and occupation organisations and institutional care organisations were participating in the discussion about the role of teamwork in social work practice. The participants were divided in to several groups and there the practise of teamwork took place.
Mintys apie laiką
Authors: Kleinert Ulfrid
Published: January 2019

The conceptions of time are presented in the paper. The first conception of time is connected to the ancient Greek word Chronos. The word Chronos denotes the time as a measure of movement. It defines the time section – the meeting date in calendar, expressed in the number of hours, days, weeks, months and years. The second conception of time is expressed in ancient Greek word – Kairos. The word Kairos denotes the events, which signify the change. That is the moment when the things are changed. It is a time of change. The third conception of time is defined as personal time. That is our personal time, when we are with our self. The fourth conception of time is named social time. That is time, when we are with other.
Socialiai remtinų žmonių užimtumo galimybės
Authors: Gruževskis Boguslavas
Published: January 2019

The results of the research on the opportunities of socially disadvantaged people to be occupied in labour market are presented in the paper. The survey method was used in order to obtain data. The goal of the research was to explore the incomes, living conditions, needs for social services, and attitude towards occupation in labour market. The special attention was paid to the attitude to participate in different occupational forms – paid job, unpaid job, and public works. The reasons not to be occupied in labour market and the need for vocational training were analysed also.
Europos socialinės chartijos ratifikavimas - svarbus žingsnis užtikrinant Lietuvos žmonių socialines teises
Authors: Žiūkas Vytautas Povilas
Published: January 2019

The European Social Charter, the regulative area of the Charter, international liabilities of Lithuania after the ratification of the Charter and the effects of ratification to different social groups of Lithuania are discussed in the paper. The author describes the establishment and development of the Charter in the first part of the paper. The structure of the Charter is presented in the second part. The rights and obligations are presented in the third part.
Vaikų ir savanorių neformalios sąveikos poveikis vaikų santykiams su kitais asmenimis
Authors: Dunajevas Eugenijus , Buzaitytė-Kašalynienė Jolita
Published: January 2019

The impact of informal interaction between volunteer and child from social care institution to the child‘s social network is analysed in the paper. The problems of the children and the causes of the problems are presented in the first part. The theoretical strategies to alter the problems are discussed in the second part. In order to evaluate the impact the research was carried out. The structured interview method was used. The children and volunteers were the informants. The goal of interview was to explore the character and intensity of the interaction and to evaluate the changes in the social network of the children. The results of data analysis showed the changes in the child's social network, but the changes are not substantial.
Vaikai alkoholiu piktnaudžiaujančioje šeimoje: problemos ir pagalbos būdai
Authors: Kotova Liubov
Published: January 2019

Alcohol abusers' children differ from their peers coming from pro-social families. Therefore, it is important to find out the factors determining the differences in character and patterns of behavior of children from alcohol addicts' families, as well as the psychosocial problems and the impact of their parents' alcohol misuse on their performance at school. Only having such information one can analyze ways of helping these children. The purpose of this paper is to find out way of helping children of alcohol abusers. The way of alcohol abuser' living makes the whole family dependent. Relationships between family members are unbalanced. Either psychological or physical violence against women and children is frequent, as well as divorce. Children of alcohol abusers have no possibility to live ordinary human development. They mature much earlier, since they have to take parents' responsibilities. Children of alcohol abusers psychosocial functioning is unbalanced. They have learning difficulties, because of family troubles lost their learning motivation. Children of alcohol abusers interaction is limited. They do not communicate with their contemporaries. Avoid relationship with classmates and teachers. The help they get are psychological help. The main gain of which is to train the children to adapt to the way of family living. But this does not help in real. If one wants to solve their problems, one should help the whole family. Suggested is psychosocial network of help, which link different help organization, all methods of help together to help the whole family.
Nusikalstamumo sampratos dilema
Authors: Sakalauskas Gintautas
Published: January 2019

The article discusses the dilemma of the concept of criminality and it's different reflections in Western and Soviet ideology. It is noted that the difference in these reflections still affects the understanding of the concept in countries with different historical background. Moreover, it heavily affects the understanding of criminality as phenomena as well as ideology of the crime prevention and control. Soviet tradition is characterized by an attempt to define criminality as precise as possible and to outline all its features. Soviet tradition has formed the concept that criminality is objective phenomena that causes a permanent threat to society that is why it shall be permanently “fought”. Western tradition pays much less attention to the definition of the concept, it limits itself by presentation of various theories of criminology as well as description of manifestations of criminal activity. Criminality can be compared to fashion, i.e. the phenomena that has no precise meaning, it comes from nowhere and it disappears into nowhere. However, it exists. Moreover, in a time of different crises it is fashionable to write and speak about the criminality without taking into consideration of concept's ambiguity.
Jaunų ilgalaikių bedarbių integracijos į darbo rinką ypatumai
Authors: Rudžinskienė Rasa
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe theatrical features of young people unemployment and integration into the labour market have been analysed. The concepts of labour market, unemployed, young long-term unemployed have been identified. The main factors of young people integration into the labour market have also been examined. The quantitative and qualitative research of young unemployed and employers is presented in the article in order to characterise the most important features of young long-term unemployed as well as to create their social portrait. The research has been accomplished in order to represent the youth opinion of labour exchange services and their quality. This research has also helped to reveal the reasons for youth (long-term) unemployment in the employers’ and young people’s opinion.Key words: labour marker, young long-term unemployed, social portrait.
13–16 metų paauglių, gyvenančių modernėjančioje Lietuvoje, tautinės vertybės
Authors: Šaulienė Valdonė
Published: January 2019

SummaryAs stated by the science of educology, at the tage of adolescence, education can make the greatest impact on the formation of a personality and the contextualization of one’s own value. The article deals with the 13-to 16-year-old adolescents’ perception of national values and its expression in the context of modern Lithuanianness. The research instrument – an essay – helps to determine younger teens’ national values, analysis of young people’s experience of values, feelings, and attitudes. The context of modern Lithuanianness is understood as a totality of cultural values created by the nation, handed on from generation to generation via education and the regularly updated cultural whole – the common language, common past and destiny, national mentality, traditions, landscape – by the patriotic love of homeland, its preservation and survival point of view. The scientific problem of research is formulating by questions: what are the moral values of Lithuanians aged 13 to 16 years and what factors affect the formation of national self-value in modern Lithuania? The aim of the research was to reveal the values of a young man as the representative of the nation, on the basis his its own national concept of culture. The analysis of the scientific literature found that the adoration of national values in modern state is giving way to civic, often formal, commitment to the nation. However, it is a theoretical assumption that the citizenship, its political base being composed of human rights and freedoms, is able to create an environment that patriotism would become a quiet and of course human and civil status by internalising the spiritual primer. An empirical analysis of the data has revealed that external factors militate young people unpatrioticly: distrust of government decisions, problems of economics and emigration, countrymens’ selfish behaviour. On the other hand, young people express very mature thoughts about the value of human life in the homeland. Patriotic love is characterized by emotions, personal experience with romantic elements. It may be that the feeling of love is the missing conection between knowing and acting in the interests of the homeland. But pragmatism is already rooted in adolescents. young people are often pondering whether it is worth to be attached to the endangered national values; they understand that more benefits are affered to a person by owning than by being. When the spirituality of a nation goes down the collective idealism disappears.Key words: adolescence, national values, modern Lithuanianness, self-value.
Psichikos sveikatos priežiūros deinstitucionalizacija Lietuvoje: minimalūs pokyčiai „maksimalistinėse“1 organizacijose
Authors: Šumskienė Eglė
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe article employs the institutional theory to examine the influence of institutional environments on the structure and function of mental health and social care organizations as well as their resistance to the reform. On the basis of statistical data collected by responsible organizations, the dynamics of mental health and social care organizations’ practice, changes in the numbers of clients and employees are analysed. These alterations allow evaluating the status quo and actual direction of the mental health care reform. The usual institutional response to deinstitutionalization is the modification of activities by introducing new services which respond to the emerging requirements. Nevertheless, these are minimal changes since they do not influence the size of an institution and the principles of its work. Innovative attitudes and organisational goals are of declarative character as they do not correspond to the poor institutional reality.Key words: institutional theory, deinstitutionalisation, mental health and social care
Lietuvos gyventojų emigracijos priežastys ir padariniai šalies ekonomikai
Authors: Rudžinskienė Rasa , Paulauskaitė Lina
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe international emigration process, its reasons and consequences for the Lithuanian economy are analyzed in this article. The concepts of migration, emigration, transmigration have been identified in this article. An analysis of the migration extent has also been done. This analysis has revealed that almost 500 thousand people (evaluated as emigrants who have and have not declared their departure) have gone out from Lithuania during the period 2001–2012. The main emigration destination countries are named in the article. These countries are the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, Norway, and Spain. The quantitative research of emigrants is presented in the article in order to characterize the most important reasons for emigration as well as to create the hypothetical portrait of Lithuanian emigrants, which helps to identify the main features of Lithuanian emigrants.Key wors: emigration, Lithuanian people, consequences, economy
Socialinio darbo proceso skirtumai religinėse ir pasaulietinėse NVO
Authors: Renevė Giedrė , Dunajevas Eugenijus
Published: January 2019

UAB “Tango reklama”Laisvės avenue 60, Vilnius, 05120giedre.reneve@gmail.comVilnius University

Department of Social WorkUniversiteto str. 9/1, Vilnius, 01513eugenijus.dunajevas@fsf.vu.lt

Lietuvoje neformalioje aplinkoje yra dažnai diskutuojama apie religinių ir nereliginių socialinį darbą dirbančių organizacijų skirtumus. Tyrimo tikslas ir buvo atskleisti bei įvertinti šiuos skirtumus. Socialinis darbas yra plačiai suprantamas reiškinys ir, siekdami konkrečiau jį užgriebti, tyrėme šio darbo proceso skirtumus. Socialinis darbas kaip procesas susideda iš tam tikrų veiksmų etapų, kurie atliekami tam tikra seka. Šie veiksmai ir buvo tyrimo objektas. Duomenų analizės rezultatai parodė, kad yra reikšmingų skirtumų tarp religinių (krikščioniškų) ir nereliginių organizacijų.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: socialinio darbo procesas, nevyriausybinės organizacijos, religinės ir nereliginės organizacijos.

THE DIFFERENCES OF SOCIAL WORK PROCESS IN FAITH-RELATED AND SECULAR NGOSSUMMARYGiedrė Renevė, Eugenijus Dunajevas

SummaryWe analysed social work process in faith-related and secular NGOs. The objective of the study was to reveal the differences of social work process. We define social work process as an algorithm of actions that is proceeded in order to solve social and personal problems. There are five stages of social work process. At each stage the participants of social work organisation perform certain actions. In order to find out the differences of social work process, the actions were compared in faith-related and secular NGOs. The results of data analysis reveal the significant differences of social work process in secular and faith-related social work NGOs.Keywords: Social work process, non-governmental organisations, faith-related and secular organisations.
„Nepaisomi profesionalai“: socialiniai darbuotojai ir jų galia
Authors: Švedaitė-Sakalauskė Birutė , Gvaldaitė Lijana , Buzaitytė-Kašalynienė Jolita
Published: January 2019

Vilniaus universitetasSocialinio darbo katedraUniversiteto g. 9/1, LT-01513 VilniusEl. paštas: birute.sakalauske@fsf.vu.lt; lijana.gvaldaite@fsf.vu.lt;jolita.kasalyniene@fsf.vu.lt

SantraukaStraipsnyje pristatoma kokybinio tyrimo metu rekonstruota socialinių darbuotojų kaip „nepaisomų profesionalų“ empirinė kategorija-fenomenas. Remiantis grindžiamosios teorijos metodologija, atskleidžiamos šio fenomeno priežastinės, kontekstinės ir intervenuojančios sąlygos. Visgi ypatingas dėmesys sutelkiamas į „nepaisomo profesionalumo“ fenomeno įveikos strategijas (realizuojamas ir nerealizuojamas) bei šių strategijų sukeliamus padarinius socialiniam darbui. „Nepaisomas profesionalumas“ yra patiriamas tuomet, kai socialinio darbo specialistams yra keliami nepagrįsti, neadekvatūs, jų profesinės veiklos esmės neatitinkantys reikalavimai. Nustatyta, kad „nepaisomo profesionalumo“ fenomeno įveika yra lemiama profesionalo asmenybės, tačiau lygiai taip pat specifinių kontekstinių sąlygų, kuriomis veikia socialiniai darbuotojai. Veikiant socialinio darbo profesionalumą auginančiose / plėtojančiose organizacijose, atsiveria kitokios kokybės fenomeno įveikos galimybės nei socialinio darbo profesionalumo neauginančiose ar net jį žlugdančiose organizacijose / aplinkose.
Viešosios tvarkos kategorija kaip arbitražą ir konkurencijos teisę siejantis veiksnys
Authors: Bron Michail
Published: January 2019

This article on the basis of comparative analysis examines an unrevealed Lithuanian approach of the possibility to arbitrate the competition law is­sues. It is worth to remind about the article 11(1) provision of the Law on Commercial Arbitration of Lithuanian Republic, which expressly declares the bar to settle the dispute connected with the competition law. This paper provides the practice of foreign states and EC, where the competition law comes within the meaning of category of public policy. According to the international case-law public policy is extremely important, because it is a ground for arbitrating competition issues. There­fore recognition and implementation of arbitration awards in international practice may be at stake, if competition law is not applied. Consequently, despite the bar in Lithuania to arbitrate disputes related to competition it is advisable in Lithuanian practice to take into account possible risks of rejection of recognition or implementation of arbitral awards in foreign states on the grounds of public policy, which comprises competition.
Civilinės teisės terminai ir jų taikymas ginant asmens teises Uzbekistano Respublikoje
Authors: Ibratova Feruza
Published: January 2019

Šiame straipsnyje autorė nagrinėja teorinius klausi­mus, susijusius su civilinės teisės terminų samprata ir reikšme, pateikia išsamią civilinės teisės terminų klasifikaciją, aptaria atskiras šių terminų rūšis, jų reikšmę ir taikymą. Autorė daug dėmesio skiria ieš­kinio senaties institutui. Darbe išsamiai aptariamos ieškinio senaties skaičiavimo taisyklės ir su tuo susi-ję ieškinio senaties pradžios nustatymo, ieškinio sena­ties sustabdymo, nutraukimo ir atnaujinimo pagrindų aiškinimo ir taikymo klausimai, nagrinėjami ieškinio senaties pabaigos teisiniai padariniai. Autorė teigia, kad teisių įgyvendinimas laiku, pa­žeistų teisių gynimas užtikrina teisinį stabilumą, prisi­deda prie tų tikslų, kurių siekė asmenys, užmegzdami civilinius teisinius santykius, įgyvendinimo. Terminų, įskaitant ieškinio senaties terminą, laikymosi reika­lingumą suponuoja tai, kad praėjus tam tikram laiko tarpui, teisiškai reikšmingos aplinkybės ne visada gali būti pakankamai patikimai nustatytos, o daugelis įrodymų gali būti prarasti. Visa tai skatina šalis rūpintis savo teisių įgyvendinimu ir gynimu. Terminai turi itin didelę reikšmę civiliniams teisiniams santykiams. Jie apibrėžia teisinio santy­kio pradžią ir pabaigą, įtvirtina reikalavimą atlikti numatytus veiksmus, įneša daugiau apibrėžtumo į civilinius teisinius santykius, disciplinuoja šių santy­kių dalyvius. Esant sutartiniams santykiams terminai dažnai veikia kaip prievolės elementas. Autorė daro išvadą, kad terminų, ieškinio senaties taisyklių taikymas užtikrina teisingų sprendimų priė­mimą, civilinės apyvartos stabilumą, mažina teisinių santykių neapibrėžtumą, stiprina sutarties vykdymo discipliną, stimuliuoja civilinių teisinių santykių da­lyvių elgesį, pažeistų teisių gynimo efektyvumą.
Piktnaudžiavimas jurisdikcija: quo vadis Europos Sąjunga?
Authors: Brazdeikis Aurimas
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje autorius analizuoja galimybes piktnaudžiauti jurisdikcijos taisyklių, įtvirtintų Tarybos re­glamente (EB) Nr. 44/2001, sistema bei su tuo susijusią Europos Bendrijų Teisingumo Teismo praktiką. Autorius mano, kad Europos Bendrijų Teisingumo Teismo praktika kai kuriose paskutinėse šio teismo išnagrinėtose bylose sudaro prielaidas piktnaudžiavimui Europos teisminėje erdvėje plisti, todėl argu­mentuotai siūlo sprendžiant jurisdikcijos klausimus taikyti bendrąjį draudimo piktnaudžiauti teisėmis principą.
In this article the author analyzes the opportunities of abusing jurisdiction rules set forth in the Council Regulation No 44/2001 and related practice of the European Court of Justice. The author considers that recent practice of the ECJ gives a positive background for the abuse in the European Judicial Area to spread, therefore suggests to apply general principle prohibiting abuse of rights when dealing with the jurisdiction issues.
Vaiko pornografijos turėjimas (laikymas): teisėta ar neteisėta veika (bendrosios teisės (common law) valstybių patirtis)
Authors: Žėkas Tautvydas
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje analizuojama, ar vaiko pornografijos laikymas (turėjimas) turėtų būti uždraustas bau­džiamuoju įstatymu ar, atvirkščiai, traktuojamas kaip įstatymui neprieštaraujanti veika. Pateikiami argumentai „už“ – palaikantys vaiko pornografijos laikymo (turėjimo) nebaudžiamumo idėją, taip pat apžvelgiami argumentai „prieš“ – teigiantys, kad vaiko pornografijos laikymas (turėjimas) yra nusikals­tama veika. Turint omenyje, kad vaiko pornografijos tema iki šiol dažniausiai buvo nagrinėta bendrosios teisės (common law) valstybėse, straipsnyje daugiausia dėmesio skiriama Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijo­se ir Didžiojoje Britanijoje atliktų tyrimų ir teismų praktikos analizei.
In this article the question whether the possession of child pornography should be prohibited by criminal law or, on the contrary, should it be treated as legal activity, is analysed. Arguments declaring the legality of possession of child pornography and arguments characterising possession of child pornography as illegal activity are provided in this article. Keeping in mind, that in the US and the UK the topic of child pornography is analysed in the broadest extent, this article basically relies on the data of the countries mentioned.
Klasikinis požiūris į teisėją kaip teisės aiškintoją ir taikytoją
Authors: Kazanavičiūtė Rūta
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas vienas iš požiūrių į tai, kaip, žvelgiant iš teisės atradimo / kūrimo perspektyvos, gali būti suvokiamas teisėjo vaidmuo aiškinant ir taikant teisę – tai yra klasikinis požiūris, kurį dar galima pavadinti riboto teisėjų sprendimų priėmimo modeliu. Aptariami šio požiūrio į teisėjo ir teisės santykį bruožai, galimos problemos ir atskirų mokslininkų pozicijos.
The article deals with one of possible approaches to the role of the judge in interpreting and applying the law, that is so-called the Classical Approach or the model of bound judicial decision-making. It is discussed, what are the main features, examples and problems of this approach.
Kriminalinės viktimizacijos tyrimų aktualijos
Authors: Michailovič Ilona
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami aktualūs kriminalinės viktimizacijos tyrimų klausimai studentų viktimizacijos patirties pavyzdžiu. Aprašomi tyrimo, atlikto autorės ir Vilniaus universiteto Teisės ir Filosofijos fakultetų studentų autorės dėstomo viktimologijos kurso metu, rezultatai, lyginant juos su kitų viktimologinių tyri­mų duomenimis. Daromos viktimologinių tyrimų ir jų perspektyvos Lietuvoje išvados.
The paper deals with the urgent issues in the field of criminal victimization survey. A description is given of the results of research conducted by the author which were obtained during the victimology course she is teaching to the students of the Faculty of Law and Faculty of Philosophy at Vilnius University.
Teisės tikslas ir socialinių grupių prioritetų įvairovė
Authors: Kosatyj Vladimir
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje analizuojami skirtingais istorijos etapais atskirų socialinių grupių prioritetų įsitvirtinimo tei­sės sistemose modeliai. Viena iš pagrindinių tokio prioritetų įtvirtinimo problemų yra ta, kad visuomenes sudaro socialinės grupės, turinčios savarankiškų interesų. Dėl šios priežasties aktuali yra socialinių gru­pių prioritetų susidūrimo problematikos sprendimo modelių analizė.
Im Artikel werden die Errichtungsmodelle von verschiedenen Prioritäten der sozialen Gruppen, die in den verschiedenen Geschichtsetappen anwendbar waren, behandelt. Ein Grundproblem solcher Pri­oritätserrichtung ist, dass die Gesellschaften aus den sozialen Gruppen bestehen, die eigene Interessen haben. Deshalb ist die Analyse dieser Problemlösung aktuell.
Administracinė teisė: interesų veiksnys įstatymų leidyboje
Authors: Andruškevičius Arvydas
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama socialinių interesų įtaka administracinės srities įstatymų leidybai. Administra­cinės teisėdaros kertinis principas yra optimalus asmens ir visuomenės interesų derinimas: tai prielaida kurti socialiniu požiūriu teisingesnę pozityvinę teisę, atitinkančią Konstitucijos preambulėje skelbiamą teisinės valstybės siekį. Teigiama, kad interesų pusiausvyros įtvirtinimas įstatymuose gali keistis priklau­somai nuo valstybės ekonominės raidos ypatumų. Nurodomos ir kai kurios subjektyvios priežastys, kodėl interesų derinimas administracinėje teisėje tam tikrais atvejais būna problemiškas.
In this article the influence of social interests upon administrative legislation is investigated. The author states that the essential imperative in the creation of administrative law is an optimal coordi­nation of private needs and public interests. This is a precondition to create a fairer – from the social point of view – positive law, corresponding to the striving for a state under the rule of law declared in the Preamble to the Constitution. The article also pointes out some subjective reasons why the coordination of interests in administrative law is sometimes problematic.
Mišrių susitarimų ir Europos Sąjungos kompetencijos suteikimo principo santykis
Authors: Limantas Manfredas
Published: January 2019

Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamas vienas iš pagrindinių ES išorinių santykių teisės institutų – mišrieji susitarimai. Jame analizuojamas mišrių susitarimų ir ES kompetencijos suteikimo principo bei tam tikrų ES išorinės kompetencijos kategorijų santykis. Daug dėmesios skiriama Lisabonos sutarties pakeitimų, galinčių paveikti mišrių susitarimų institutą, analizei.This Article addresses one of the main instruments of the EU external relations law – the mixed agreements. It carries out an assessment of their relation to the EU law principle of conferral of powers, as well as to the separate categories of EU external competences. Significant attention is paid to the examination of changes brought about by the Lisbon treaty which are likely to affect the instrument of mixed agreements.
Finansų ir mokesčių teisė kaip mokslinio tyrimo objektas. Būklė ir perspektyvos
Authors: Medelienė Aistė , Sudavičius B ronius ronius
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje analizuojama finansų teisė kaip sudedamoji Lietuvos teisinės sistemos dalis, savarankiška teisės šaka, apibrėžiamos jos galiojimo ribos, reguliavimo metodas, įvertinama vieta bendrojoje teisės sistemoje, atskleidžiama mokesčių teisės vieta visoje finansų teisės sistemoje. Finansų teisė straipsnyje nagrinėjama ir vertinama kaip mokslinio tyrimo objektas. Todėl straipsnyje yra analizuojama mokslinių tyrimų finansų ir mokesčių teisės srityje būklė ir pasiekimai Vilniaus universiteto Teisės fakultete, tolesnės šios teisės mokslo srities vystymosi galimybės.
The article deals with the problem of finance law as a constituent part of the legal system of Lithu­ania, with it‘s status as an origimal branch of law. The limits of validity of finance law, it‘s legal method and the place of finance law in the system of national law and the status of tax law is analysed in the article. Particular attention is given to the problem of scientific research in the field of finance and tax law in the Faculkty of law of Vilnius university.
Baudžiamojo poveikio priemonių nevykdymo atidėjus bausmės vykdymą teisiniai padariniai
Authors: Levon Justyna
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje analizuojama baudžiamojo poveikio priemonių, skiriamų bausmės vykdymą atidedant, nevykdymo teisinių padarinių problematika. Aptariamas galiojantis teisinis reguliavimas, taip pat kritiškai įvertinami teisinio reguliavimo pasikeitimai, įsigaliosiantys 2012 metų liepos mėn. kartu su Lietuvos Respublikos probacijos įstatymu.
Government policies related to social protection of disabled persons in uzbekistan: national and international aspects
Authors: Yuldashov A. A.
Published: January 2019

Researcher of Tashkent State Institute of Law,Department of Constitutional Law,Administrative Law, Financial Law
Teisės normatyvumas ir Konstitucinio Teismo kompetencija
Authors: Vaičaitis Vaidotas A. A.
Published: January 2019

Straipsnis suskirstytas į tris dalis: pirmoje dalyje trumpai nagrinėjamas teisės normatyvumo ir nenorminių teisės šaltinių klausimas; antroje dalyje – nenorminių dokumentų konstitucingumo kontrolės Lietuvoje praktika; trečioje dalyje nagrinėjama Konstitucinio Teismo kompetencija tirti 2008 m. birželio 3 d.Seimo nutarimu patvirtintos Valstybinės šeimos politikos koncepcijos konstitucingumą. Pagrindinis straipsnio tikslas – remiantis Konstitucija išanalizuoti Konstitucinio Teismo kompetenciją nenorminių teisės aktų atžvilgiu. Straipsnio autorius kritiškai vertina Konstitucinio Teismo prisiimtą diskreciją vykdyti nenorminių teisės aktų konstitucingumo kontrolę.