bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ТРЕНД И ПРЕПРЕКЕ РАЗВОЈА ПРИМЕНЕ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ ВОЗИЛА НА ТЕРИТОРИЈИ ЕВРОПСКЕ УНИЈЕ
Authors: Рашевић Јована , Накомчић-Смарагдакис Бранка
Published: January 2024

Електрични аутомобили чине велики корак у смањењу зависности од фосилних горива. Главне препреке које се истичу у вези са масовном употребом електричних аутомобила, односе се пре свега на цене истих, а поред тога однос капацитета батерије и цене. Саобраћајни сектор је међу највећим факторима који доприносе емисији гасова стаклене баште у Европској унији, па стога је смањење емисије из транспорта кључно за постизање циљева Европске уније климатске неутралности. Политике Европске уније за постизање одрживијег система мобилности обликоване су углавном европским зеленим договором и стратегијом одрживе и паметне мобилности. Aутомобилска индустрија се све више усмерава на развој хибридних и електричних возила, постављајући нове трендове и изазове у овој области, где се процењује да ће тржиште Европске уније постати светски лидер на овом пољу.
Systemtheorie und Konstruktivismus.
Authors: Levold Tom
Published: January 2024

In der zweiten Hälfte des vergangenen Jahrhunderts haben sich unterschiedliche Spielarten systemtheoretischen und konstruktivistischen Denkens entwickelt, die nicht nur für die Entwicklung und Ausdifferenzierung der systemischen Therapie von Bedeutung waren, sondern zunehmend auch für andere psychotherapeutische Ansätze attraktiv werden. Der Beitrag erläutert zunächst einige für alle vorgestellten Theoriemodelle wesentliche Begriffe (Komplexität, Selbstorganisation, Kontextsensitivität, Prozessorientierung sowie Mustergenerierung und -erfassung) und präsentiert anschließend grundlegende Ideen der wichtigsten Modelle. Dabei handelt es sich um die Konzepte der Kybernetik 1. Ordnung, die Theorie autopoietischer Systeme, die Theorie sozialer Systeme nach Niklas, die Theorie problemdeterminierter Systeme, den Sozialen Konstruktionismus, die Theorie selbstorganisierter Systeme (Synergetik) sowie die Personzentrierte Systemtheorie.
Für sich und andere etwas sichtbar machen …
Authors: Schmid Peter F.
Published: January 2024

In personzentrierten Gruppen wurde mit Aufstellungen gearbeitet, lange bevor „Gurus“ und Trends diese einerseits populär machten, andererseits ins Gerede brachten. In personzentrierten Aufstellungen geht es um Ressourcenaktualisierung jenseits von vordergründigen Problemlösungen. Personzentrierte Aufstellungsarbeit unterscheidet sich wesentlich von leitergesteuerten und damit direktiven, häufig manipulativen Vorgehensweisen, wie sie gegenwärtig Markt bestimmend sind. Sie hat auch nichts mit regelgeleiteten oder oberflächlich zielorientierten Methoden zu tun, sondern ist schöpferisch an Persönlichkeits- und Organisationsentwicklung ausgerichtet: Eigentlich geht es dabei nicht um „Stellungen“, sondern um dynamische Prozesse und Konstellationen. In der Psychotherapie können „Auf-Stellungen“ interpersonale und intrapersonale Vorgänge, Konstellationen und Konflikte sichtbar machen. Die räumliche Visualisierung von Beziehungsprozessen kann neue Sicht- und Vorgangsweisen ermöglichen und das Erarbeiten kreativer Alternativen fördern.
أثر استخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي على الأداء الوظيفي للعاملين: دراسة تحليلية لآراء عينة من العاملين في جامعة تكريت
Authors: يونس سيف مزهر , فرحات محمد
Published: January 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى دراسة أثر استخدام العاملين لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي بمختلف أنواعها على الأداء الوظيفي لهم في منظمات العمل، حيث تواجه العديد من منظمات الأعمال تحديات من أجل تطوير وتحسين أداء العاملين وتنمية قدراتهم، وتم اختيار جامعة تكريت كمجتمع للبحث وتتكون العينة من الإداريين والموظفين العاملين في الجامعة تم استلام 230 استبانة وبعد التدقيق تبين أنّ 216 منها فقط مقبولة وصالحة للتحليل، تم حساب الوسط الحسابي والانحراف المعياري في تحليل محاور البحث واختبار الفرضيات باستخدام برنامج التحليل الإحصائي SPSS، توصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج هامة منها أن استعمال تطبيقات التواصل الاجتماعي تتم بشكل كبير جداً ولكن بالشكل الذي يخدم عمل الموظفين وهم يُضحّون بوقتهم من أجل وظائفهم وإنجاز أعمالهم بشكل ممتاز وصحيح، ويشعرون بجو مريح للعمل وأن بيئة العمل مناسبة لكافة نشاطاتهم وتم تقديم اقتراحات حول ضرورة استغلال وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي بالشكل المناسب من أجل تمكين وتحسين الأداء ووضع استراتيجيات وخطط على المدى الطويل تساعد العاملين في استغلالها بالشكل المناسب.
أثر خبرة الزبون في سلوكيات الشراء العاطفية: دراسة استطلاعية لآراء عينة من زبائن مراكز التسوق في بغداد
Authors: صالح عمر شعلان , عبدالله عبدالله محمود
Published: January 2024

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على أثر خبرة الزبون المتمثل بأبعاده (الخبرة العاطفية، الخبرة الحسية، الخبرة الاجتماعية، الخبرة الواقعية، الخبرة الادراكية في سلوكيات الشراء العاطفية المتمثلة بأبعادها (الرغبة في التسوق، متعة التسوق، المشاعر الايجابية، المشاعر السلبية) إذ اعتمد البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لجمع ووصف البيانات التي تم جمعها عن طريق الأداة الرئيسية للدراسة (الاستبانة) وتم اختيار أكبر مركزين من مراكز التسوق في بغداد هم (مول المنصور ومول بغداد(الحارثية) كميدانا للدراسة، وتمثل مجتمع البحث بالزبائن إذ تم اختيار عينة عشوائية من زبائن المركزين المبحوثين مكونة من (180) فردا تم توزيع الاستبانات عليهم بواقع (180) استمارة، وتوصل البحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: إن لخبرة الزبون أثر في سلوكه الشرائي العاطفي، إذ إن زبائن المركزين المبحوثين رغم امتلاكهم للخبرة إلا أنهم أظهروا سلوكا عاطفيا في الشراء مما يعني وجود ترابط عاطفي قوي بين الزبائن والمركزين، كما أثبت البحث وجود علاقة ارتباط وتأثير (ايجابية) ذات دلالة معنوية، وقد أوصى البحث إلى ضرورة تعزيز العلاقة العاطفية بين المركزين وزبائنهم لما لها تأثير كبير على سلوكهم الشرائي وضرورة الحفاظ على هذه الثقة التي اعطاها لهم زبائنهم وعدم استغلالها في عمليات خداعهم من أجل تحقيق المنفعة إلى الطرفين.
Implementing a New Scale Technique in the M-Estimation Method to Estimate Parameters of Multiple Linear Regression: Simulation Study
Authors: Sedeeq Bekhal Samad , Qader Hogr Mohammed , Aziz Azhy Akram , Saleh Dlshad Mahmood
Published: January 2024

The goal of this study is to develop a new technique for estimating the parameters of a multiple linear regression by using M-estimation based on scale estimator to handle the influence of outlier values. In order to get new estimators, the root mean square error (RMSE) criterion is used to check the efficiency between the new technique and the classical method. The research showed that the new technique (M-estimation based on scale estimator) yields more accurate parameter estimates than the traditional approach (OLS) in all simulated cases.
توظيف اسلوب ما بعد الأمثلية في شركة جارستن لإنتاج الابواب
Authors: ابراهيم سماهر طارق , حسين سليمان احمد
Published: January 2024

ويهدف البحث إلى توضيح تأثير استخدام نموذج البرمجة الخطية في كيفية توزيع الموارد المقيدة بين عدد من المنتجات وتحديد مزيج المنتجات الأمثل في ظل وجود مجموعة من القيود والاختناقات المحددة من خلال استخدام نظرية القيود لغرض تعظيم الأرباح وكما يهدف إلى مساعده المعنيين في الشركة في تخصيص موارد الشركة المتاحة بشكل أمثل عن طريق استخدام أسلوب البرمجة الخطية لتحقيق زيادة في مستوى الانتاج وزيادة الارباح وتقليل الكلف مستقبلا. وعينة الدراسة هي شركة جارستن لصناعة الأبواب الخشبية في محافظة دهوك التي تصنع ثلاثة منتجات هي الأبواب متر1 ويرمز لها بالرمز X1. وأبواب 1.25 متر ويرمز لها بالرمز X2. وأبواب 1.50 متر ويرمز لها بالرمز X3 وتصنيع هذه المنتجات يتطلب مجموعة من الأنشطة وهي أنشطة 1-الاستلام والفحص للمادة الخام (الخشب)، 2- التقطيع، 3- الصقل 4- التجميع والتركيب،5- الصبغ وكانت البيانات لمدة سنة واحدة. وقد خرجت الدراسة بالاستنتاجات التاليةونلاحظ من مخرجات برنامج (QSB) إن كمية إنتاج الأبواب الخشبية من نوع 1.25 متر تحتاج إلى تكاليف تقدر بـ 41,0000 لا نتاج وحدة واحدة منها. والطاقة الانتاجية المتاحة بالساعات للاستلام والفحص ارتفعت من 3200ساعة سنويا الى 3600 ساعة سنويا. وكما إن الطاقة الانتاجية بالساعات للتقطيع ارتفعت من 3000 ساعة سنويا إلى 3400 ساعة سنويا. وكما إن الطاقة الانتاجية بالساعات للتجميع والتركيب ارتفعت من 2750 ساعة سنويا إلى 2800 ساعة سنويا. وعلما إن أيام العمل السنوية الفعلية قد بلغت حسب دراسات الجدوى الفنية 309 يوم وبثالث وجبات وإن التكاليف الكلية قد بلغت 301200,0000$ سنويا ونلاحظ ارتفاعها لزيادة عدد الوحدات المنتجة. وإن استخدام أسلوب البرمجة الخطية يعطي الحلول المثلى لدى المقيمين في الشركة. واستخدام البرمجة الخطية في الشركة يرفع من الطاقة الانتاجية بوقت قياسي وبأقل جهد.
Prohibition of the glorification of the crimes condemned by the verdict of the International Military Tribunal of the European Axis Countries: problems of interpretation and law enforcement
Authors: Bagandova Leila Zakirovna
Published: January 2024

The subject of this study is the criminal law prohibition of the approval of crimes condemned by the verdict of the International Military Tribunal of the European Axis countries. This act of glorifying of such crimes is an element of the objective side of the corpus delicti provided for in Article 354.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The methodology of the research consists of such methods as formal-legal, logical, systematic, as well as the method of analysis. The author emphasizes the importance of considering the aspects of the qualification of this act in the context of the development of the information society, since due to the active processes of digitalization, the present crime is often committed in the Internet environment. Special attention is paid to such a feature of the subjective side of the crime as its goal: the author argues about the need to consolidate the goal as a constructive feature of the subjective side of the considered corpus delicti. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that this norm is analyzed in relation to the constitutional principle of freedom of speech. The author comes to the conclusion that in this matter it is advisable to be guided by part 3 of Article 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, according to which constitutional rights and freedoms can be restricted only to the extent necessary to protect the constitutional foundations and ensure the security of the state.
Legal regulation of the provision of comprehensive rehabilitation to military personnel participating in a special military operation.
Authors: Semiannikova Dina Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2024

The conduct of a special military operation on the territory of Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as SVO) gave a great impetus to the development of legal regulation of relations arising between the state and the military, and the revision of the basic laws in this area. The purpose of the study is to pay special attention to the analysis of the status of servicemen who returned from the SVO zone, which led to the emergence of new tasks: firstly, updating existing legislation, inventing new legal mechanisms to organize the granting of the right to rehabilitation of servicemen of this category; secondly, the need for practical provision of rehabilitation measures: the use of existing tools, from the involvement of organizations that can use existing resources to provide them before developing new methods and methods of rehabilitation, both at the federal and regional levels. In the course of the study, the tasks set were solved by the author using general scientific (dialectical, systematic, formal-logical) and legal (comparative-legal, sociological, axiological) research methods. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author has determined the legal status of servicemen who returned from their military service zone (discharged from military service), which allows determining their right to comprehensive rehabilitation: military personnel who have received the status of a combat disabled person and military personnel who have received the status of a combat veteran. The author came to the conclusion that the volume of rehabilitation of combat invalids is determined by his status, assuming the existence of all the rights of persons with an established disability. The author also analyzed regional legislation in this area and determined that some areas within the framework of the comprehensive rehabilitation of military personnel, which the regions focus on, seem promising, however, a more "point policy" in this area is carried out in the regions, taking into account the capabilities of each region and existing resources, which does not always cover all the tasks of comprehensive rehabilitation. The main conclusion of this study is the determination that comprehensive rehabilitation should be multidimensional and take into account many factors for the real recovery of such a category of citizens as military personnel who participated in the SVO, which can only be achieved by the certainty of federal legal regulation in this area, establishing a single legal status of such subjects to secure them a specific right to comprehensive rehabilitation.
Analysis of juvenile delinquency in the Republic of Tyva
Authors: Mongush Aziyana Saryg-Oolovna , Ondar Aldyn-Kherel Ezir-Oolovich
Published: January 2024

The article deals with issues related to the analysis of juvenile delinquency in the Republic of Tyva (Russia). In particular, a study of the criminological characteristics of juvenile delinquency in the Republic of Tyva was conducted, information and analytical statistics of internal affairs bodies were studied, where data on types of crimes for 12 months of 2022 were examined in more detail in comparison with the same period of 2021 in the Russian Federation, as well as crimes committed in the region under consideration. In the course of the conducted scientific research, general scientific, private scientific and special legal methods of cognition were used. An empirical study was conducted, within the framework of which students of Tuva State University were surveyed in order to obtain information about possible causes of juvenile delinquency according to the respondents. The analysis made it possible to assess the criminological state and establish the characteristics of the offender's personality. The authors present their own point of view of the need to put into practice a number of measures to prevent juvenile delinquency in the Republic of Tyva. The scientific novelty of the research consist in the establishment of the features of juvenile delinquency in the Republic of Tyva, in particular its quantitative and qualitative changes occurring in the overall structure of crime. An attempt to predict the trend of juvenile delinquency in the Republic of Tyva and identify the main factors influencing juvenile delinquency, as well as in the development of preventive measures of delinquent behavior of adolescents in order to help stabilize this category of crime, keep its level at a socially tolerant level, contribute to a positive change in the qualitative characteristics of crime, namely the structure of crime, its nature. In particular, when carrying out individual preventive work with minors, state bodies need to put into practice a unified document management system for the timely exchange of information that will allow them to adequately respond to all challenges and threats in activities to protect the life, health, rights and freedoms of minors.
The structure and content of the traffic crimes
Authors: Pinchuk Levon Viktorovich
Published: January 2024

The subject of the study is the main approaches to determining the system of dynamic and temporal relationships of road traffic crimes included in the mechanism of road traffic crimes, its content and structure, as well as the law enforcement practice of investigating this category of criminal cases. The purpose of the study is to clarify and substantiate the substantive elements of the mechanism of traffic crimes and to define its concept. The author substantiates the idea that knowledge and understanding of the system of dynamic and temporal relationships of road traffic crimes helps law enforcement officers at the initial stage of the investigation to find out which objects interacted with each other during the commission of criminal acts, to form versions as to the condition and properties of these objects carried out contact interaction. The methodological basis of the study is: the method of critical analysis (the analysis of various points of view of the authors on the concept of "mechanism of road traffic crimes" was carried out and elements of the mechanism of road traffic crimes were identified), the method of legal modeling (a variant of the structural construction of the mechanism of road traffic crimes was proposed, the formulation of the concept of "mechanism of road traffic crimes" was carried out). The author summarizes new material on the topic under study: official statistics data for 2022 and six months of 2023, research by domestic authors from 1999 to 2023, and also uses the author's experience in investigating traffic crimes as an investigator of internal affairs bodies. The author analyzes the available points of view in the forensic literature and proposes a definition of the mechanism of traffic crimes, as well as its possible content and structure. The author comes to the conclusion that the mechanism of traffic crimes is a system of dynamic and temporal relationships, the main elements of which are: 1) the driver; 2) the vehicle; 3) various types of road situations, including information about road conditions and the environment in each form – from the initial to the culmination.
The Iranian concept of an Islamic university (on the example of the place and significance of Imam Sadiq University and its influence on the government of Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi)
Authors: Avarskii Roman Ismailovich , Dzhabbarinasir Kh. R.
Published: January 2024

The objectives of this work are to consider the features of the activities of Imam Sadiq University and highlight the specific features of an Islamic university. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the works of Russian and foreign scientists devoted to the analysis of the activities of Imam Sadiq University and its place in the structure of the modern political course of Iran. The study identifies the general features of the Islamic concept of a humanitarian university, defined by the activities of Imam Sadiq University. The existence of significant contradictions that arise when the values of the Western and Islamic worlds collide during the development of the humanities is highlighted. The relevance of the topic under consideration is also emphasized by the growing conflict of interests of the Western and Islamic communities under the influence of the worsening Crisis in the Middle East, which has obviously increased the gap and confrontation between the two vast cultures. In the study, the authors note that today Iran is strengthening its course “to the East”, making a significant contribution to the development of the activities of Islamic universities and strengthening the integration of Islamic and humanitarian knowledge. The authors’ scientifically significant contribution to the study of the characteristics of Islamic universities is the identification of the general features of the concept of an Islamic university using the example of Imam Sadiq University, its activities and the opinion of the country’s spiritual leaders. The article emphasizes that graduates of Imam Sadiq University make a significant contribution to the current course of the Iranian government, since they form the structure of high-ranking officials - in the new government, the influence of Imam Sadiq University, whose graduates have penetrated into all spheres of the highest government power in Iran, is increasingly evident.
From the structure of the scientific text to the 1950s-80s bard song genesis
Authors: Zipunov Andrey , Valganov Sergei Vladimirovich
Published: January 2024

The main purpose of this article is to clarify some controversial questions about the genesis of the bardic songs. This cultural phenomenon is seen as a system of "author-listeners". It has already been noted that the macro-structure of the dialectical opposition "private-universal" manifests itself much more often in bardic song than in other cultural directions. The hypothesis that the bardic song originated in the scientific intelligentsia is put forward in this article. In order to confirm the hypothesis, a brief analysis of scientific texts in the context of the identification of "private-universal" structures is carried out. As a result, it is shown that the structural rhythm "private-universal" is originally characteristic of the scientific tradition. Its presence is an invariable factor across all cultures. Moreover, it is also an integral part of the style of scientific thinking. This way of thinking affects the whole social community and defines the bardic song of listeners and authors. The mechanics of the emergence of this cultural phenomenon have been the subject of research. The verification of the results was carried out by applying the scientists number dynamics in the country to the creation dynamics of the bard songs. Once linked to the structural analysis results, the identified correlation was converted into a dependency rank. Thus, the hypothesis of how the Bard's Song got started was confirmed.
The Power of Memes in Crisis: the potential for emotional contagion of memes during a crisis
Authors: Tabatabai Sara , Bulgarova Bella Akhmedovna
Published: January 2024

The subject of the research is the study of the influence of memes during crises. Internet memes as a communication tool and new media languages are able to create and spread emotions that can promote social cohesion, as well as increase social confidence, which is considered vital during crises. Given the importance of Internet memes as a powerful tool to strengthen social cohesion and trust in difficult times, it is important to give an idea of how memes and emotional contagion can be used in crisis communication. The aim of the study is to provide a more complete understanding of the role of Internet memes, especially during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, in emotionally affected Iranian social media users. To achieve this goal, the study used a mixed-method approach, content analysis including COVID-19 memes on Iranian social networks and a quantitative survey using a questionnaire developed by the researchers. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 150 Iranian social media users who were randomly selected. The novelty of the research lies in the study of the function of memes in crisis communication and emotional contagion, especially in the context of Iran. The study expands the boundaries and offers new insights into how memes can be an effective tool to strengthen social cohesion and increase trust in difficult times. The focus of the study on the Iranian context also adds to its novelty, as it provides specific information that is not available in the existing literature. The study provides empirical support to politicians, especially Iranians, in tracking public opinion on critical topics, or in managing collective emotions via the Internet and stimulating and mobilizing public action by individuals. Memes can be used for crisis communication and public participation. The results of the study indicate the widespread use and recognition of memories in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of income tax information for expressing feelings and interest. Emotional contagion through memes is moderate and mostly mental, with respondents believing that memes are more effective, fast, and desirable than other types of messages and posts.
Russian and Chinese national personalities: based on the material of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings with the concept of "family"
Authors: Sun Xuna , Chzhan Chenmin
Published: January 2024

This article is devoted to the characteristics of Russian and Chinese national personalities based on the material of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings with the concept of "family". The subject of this study is the Russian national personality (RNL) and the Chinese national personality (CNL). The object of the study is the universal and national-specific linguistic and cultural features of Russian and Chinese national personalities. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the lexico-semantic and linguocultural analysis of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings of family subjects can be used in educational activities in courses of lexicology, linguoculturology, linguistic and cultural studies, sociolinguistics. The provisions and conclusions of the study can be applied in lexicographic practice in compiling dictionaries of phraseological units, as well as in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language, spreading Chinese culture in Russia. To solve the problem, the following research methods are used: the method of continuous sampling of material from dictionaries of the Russian and Chinese languages, the method of linguistic and cultural commentary and the comparative-contrastive method. Russian and Chinese national personalities are considered for the first time in the article, which has not previously been described in a comparative aspect, the traditional spiritual and cultural value of the family of Russian and Chinese personalities is analyzed for the first time, their stereotypical ideas and attitudes towards marriage, love, woman, man, wife, husband, parents, children, and relations to relatives are indicated which indicate common or different cultural attitudes among representatives of both linguistic cultures. This is the scientific novelty of this study. The study shows that phraseological units, proverbs and sayings with the concept of family recorded in Russian and Chinese lexicographic sources differ in quantitative and substantive terms. Russian and Chinese personalities view such traditional family values as marriage, love, woman, man, wife, husband, parents, children, relatives, etc. in different ways. For the Chinese, family and kinship relations are of great importance, the preservation of which is carried out with the help of such cultural values as marital harmony, procreation, filial piety, fraternal friendship, peaceful family relations.
Artistic Conflict in the Short Story 'Prince Oldenburg' by Fazil Iskander.
Authors: Rakhmanikhalilelakhi Zhila
Published: January 2024

The subject of the study is the examination of artistic conflict in the short story 'Prince Oldenburg' by F. Iskander. The aim of the research is to explore the use of literary devices in conveying the emotions and thoughts of the characters. The relevance of the themes touched upon in the story 'Prince Oldenburg' by F.A. Iskander is manifested in several aspects. Firstly, the narrative addresses issues of ecology, power, and manipulation, which remain relevant in real society. The author raises the problem of the conflict between the pursuit of economic development and progress, and the protection of nature and traditions. This is a topical theme in modern society, where there is a constant confrontation between economic interests and environmental preservation. Secondly, the story discusses issues of social conflicts and misunderstandings. Prince Oldenburg faces a lack of support and understanding from St. Petersburg, as well as resistance from local residents. This reflects the current problems of society related to differences in views, values, and interests among various social groups. The research methodology is based on an analytical approach, involving a detailed analysis of the story's text and reference to the socio-cultural aspects highlighted by the author. The study of the short story 'Prince Oldenburg' by F.A. Iskander introduces novelty in several aspects. Firstly, it analyzes the internal conflicts and external challenges faced by the prince, exploring their interconnection with social and environmental issues. Secondly, the study focuses on the use of literary devices such as dialogues, internal monologues, contrasts, and sarcasm to convey the emotions and thoughts of the characters. This allows for a deeper understanding and analysis of the characters' personalities and motivations, as well as the author's stance on sociocultural and political issues.
Kalmyk meteorological vocabulary of the off-season in comparison with closely related languages
Authors: Barinova Bairta Valer'evna , Kharchevnikova Roza Pyurvenovna , Pyurbeev Grigorii Tserenovich , Bitkeev Petr Tsedenovich , Monraev Mikhail Ubushaevich
Published: January 2024

Kalmyk meteorological vocabulary related to lifestyle, environment and mentality belongs to the primordial stratum, as in other closely related languages of the Altai family. The commonality of the grammatical foundations of this vocabulary is confirmed by lexicographic data recorded in old Mongolian, Kalmyk and Turkic sources. The object of the study is nominative units (words, phrases and phraseological units) in the Kalmyk language, denoting the weather phenomena of the off-season. Special attention is paid to the meteorological vocabulary of the off-season of the autumn-winter intermediate period. The relevance of this study is related to the study of meteorological vocabulary in the Kalmyk language, the identification of the features of the linguistic picture of the world of the people as a whole and its influence on vocabulary. The linguistic and cultural analysis of meteorological vocabulary makes it possible to consider the life and culture of the Kalmyk people. This article uses a descriptive method, a comparative method, a method of linguistic and cultural analysis of lexical units. The meteorological vocabulary of the off-season is considered in this article taking into account the modern linguistic and cultural orientation and is presented in the aspect of an interdisciplinary category: a) the role of this phenomenon in human life (natural landmarks and human locations); b) the vocabulary of the off-season and related human economic activity; c) the comparative and evaluative feature of the use of this vocabulary in oral and written samples in the languages under consideration. The Kalmyk meteorological vocabulary of the off-season is an independent integral category that is present in all Mongolian and Turkic languages, recorded in old-written sources and has retained its original meaning in the modern Kalmyk language. This vocabulary reflects the peculiarities of the linguistic picture of the world and worldview, the specifics of the way of life and the inner world of the Kalmyks and is universal for other closely related peoples belonging to the Altai linguistic community.
Linguistic means of forming the image of the head of a foreign state in the American media (based on the material of The New York Times)
Authors: Korotkevich Daria Olegovna
Published: January 2024

This article is devoted to the study of linguistic means of forming the image of the former president of the Federative Republic of Brazil – Jair Bolsonaro. The purpose of this study is to study the linguistic means of forming the image of the head of a foreign state, who receives representation on the pages of The New York Times. The subject of the study is the lexical and semantic field (LSF) of Personal Names as a model of representation of knowledge about the leader of a foreign state, as well as the contexts of the linguistic implementation of the core of the studied LSF. The main objectives of the study included the study of the structure and composition of the lexico-semantic field of Personal Names, as well as concordance analysis of the contexts of the linguistic implementation of the Personal Names LSF core. The research material is presented by The New York Times newspaper's 2019 issues of articles about Brazil.  Using the method of corpus analysis of the texts of articles using the Wmatrix computer program made it possible to identify the lexical and semantic field of Personal Names in the structure of the cognitive matrix Brazil. Concordance analysis of the contexts of the linguistic implementation of the Bolsonaro lexical unit allowed us to identify 3 leading typical arguments that are formed by the newspaper around the name of the politician. The novelty of the study lies in the choice of the material and the subject of the study: the image of President Jair Bolsonaro in the American media has not been studied by linguists to date. The results of the study showed that the image of a politician is formed, among other things, by building contextual connections between the core of the lexico-semantic field under study and the units that make up the structure of this field, while the majority of lexical units relate to figures of political figures in Brazil and foreign countries who do not support the policy of J. Bolsonaro. The nature of the typical arguments identified by examining the concordance of the core of the studied LSF allows us to confirm that the image of this politician, formed by The New York Times newspaper, tends to be negatively biased. Readers are being shown the image of Jair Bolsonaro as a politician advocating the disappearance of the Amazon forests, being an ultra-right populist and not supporting the rights of the indigenous peoples of Brazil.
Translation of medical terms into Chinese
Authors: Feng Wen , Perfiliev Aleksei Kirillovich , Hu Peipei
Published: January 2024

The subject of this study is the peculiarities of translating medical terms into Chinese. The purpose of the study is to analyze strategies for translating medical terms into Chinese, as well as to identify the most effective and frequent methods of translation of medical terms. The research material is medical terms (60 hieroglyphic names of medicines and medical equipment) and their translation into Chinese. The article analyzes the four most commonly used ways of translating medical terms: phonetic, semantic, graphic and mixed. The analysis also focuses on alphabetic words of the Chinese language: full alphabetic words and partial alphabetic hieroglyphic words. The features of translating medical terms of Latin origin into Chinese and medical terms borrowed from English are compared. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: descriptive method, method of analysis of theoretical literature, as well as methods of systematization of material and classification. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that with the advent of new medicines and medical equipment, the question of translating new concepts into other languages, in particular into Chinese, has become acute. The article provides examples illustrating typical ways of translating medical terms into Chinese. The authors conclude that when translating borrowings from Latin into Chinese, preference is given to the phonetic method, while when translating English medical terms, phonetic-semantic, semantic and graphical methods are mainly used. The semantic method allows you to convey the meaning of borrowed words most fully, as well as create a pragmatic effect. The frequency of using the graphical translation method is significantly lower, since English and Chinese have different types of writing, which also introduces limitations for the transmission and interpretation of information.
The theory of Chinese narrative prose in the early twentieth century.
Authors: Zakharova Natal'ya Vladimirovna
Published: January 2024

The subject of the study is critical articles by Chinese writers and literary theorists of the early twentieth century. They are dedicated to ways of transforming traditional literature. The object of the study is the evolution of the views of Wang Guowei, Lu Xun, Hu Shi, Yu Dafu, who in the process of creating modern Chinese literature (Xiandai Wenxue) set tasks for the national intelligentsia. The article proves that the interpretation of the main constants of modern Chinese literature was based on the ideas of Western, primarily German and English literary criticism and aesthetics. The article pays special attention to the discussion between Lu Xun and Hu Shi on the issue of the ideological position of writers, and Yu Dafu's articles on the role of the reception of Western aesthetics. The research methodology is based on the theoretical principles of historical-literary, historical-cultural, historical-functional, comparative-historical analysis. Elements of intertextual and receptive approaches are used. The main conclusion of the study is that the transition from the literary language of classical Confucian monuments (wenyan) to the spoken language (baihua) has become an important vector for Chinese literary theorists. However, their views on the future of modern national literature differed. Lu Xun insisted that the future of literature depended on the class affiliation of the literati. Yu Dafu believed that writers should use the experience of the best prose writers of classical literature in Western countries, and also take into account the literary inclinations of readers. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time in Russian Sinology, a comparative analysis of critical articles by prominent Chinese writers and literary theorists becomes the object of study.
Leveraging the power of internet memes for emotional contagion as effective strategy for environmental communication
Authors: Bulgarova Bella Akhmedovna , Tabatabai Sara
Published: January 2024

The article aims to address the research gap in the field of environmental communication by integrating the advances in emotional influence sciences to understand the mechanisms and pathways via social media by which emotions impact pro-environmental behavior. This research investigates how environmental communication can integrate research's results to design a more effective communication strategy that leads to environmental actions. Hence, the methodology of the article is an exploratory review of previous research on emotion in crisis and environmental communication, particularly on the role of social media and internet memes in promoting pro-environmental behavior through emotions and emotional influence. The findings are organized into three themes. First, we present the theory of emotional influence as a lens that can shed light on the underlying mechanisms in social media that awaken users' sentiments to modify or rectify their environmental behavior as well as entice their engagement in environmental preservation. Next, the main factors affecting emotional contagion in environmental communication are analyzed. Finally, we examine the empirical evidence of pro-environmental communication strategies that were successful under emotional contagion mechanisms. The article concludes that emotional influence by internet memes is a proper strategy, particularly for new generations, in crisis and environmental communication. This research contributes to science by highlighting the significant role of emotional influence and internet memes in environmental communication, emphasizing their potential to influence public attitudes and behaviors towards environmental issues, and providing a comprehensive understanding of how these factors can be leveraged to design effective communication strategies that lead to environmental actions, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the field of environmental communication and crisis management.
Emotional-evaluative communicemas in contemporary prose
Authors: Shi Lin
Published: January 2024

The subject of research in this article is emotional and evaluative communicemas in two works of modern literature: M. L. Stepnova’s «The Garden» and E. S. Chizhova’s «The Time of Women». The object of the study is communicemas – communicative, non-predicative units of syntax related to the level of syntactic expressiveness. Author pays special attention to the structural composition and semantic functional characteristics of the communicemas in a literary text-dialogue in order to display the psychological emotions, states and relationships of the characters, thereby increasing the tension and reality of the situation. The purpose of the work is to identify the connection between communicemas as a means of expressing emotional assessment and social and speech characteristics of characters in texts of modern literature. The article identifies the main types of communicemas used by the heroes of the works «The Garden» and «The Time of Women», proposes their classification depending on the functional role in the character’s speech and in the dialogue. The methodological basis of the study consists of structural-semantic, descriptive, comparative and classification methods. The theoretical basis of the study is work in the field of linguistic description of means of expressing emotional assessment, in particular, communicemas as ways of transmitting an emotional reaction through speech. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive analysis of the semantic structure and pragmatics of emotional-evaluative communicemas within the framework of modern prose dialogic contexts. As a result of the study, it was revealed that communicemas as a phenomenon of living speech are one of the forms of conversational and dialogical speech and are indispensable as a means of effective expressiveness of the author in literary works. The results of the study can be used to provide information to students during classroom teaching, as well as for scientific research. By analyzing dialogue situations in literary works, one can better understand the author's intentions and the emotional characteristics of the characters. At the same time, it helps students improve their literary reading abilities and better understand the subtext of literary works and the cultural and historical background behind them.
On the Concept of Translation Unit in a Machine Translation Framework
Authors: Maikova Tatyana
Published: January 2024

The article looks at the question whether the concept of translation unit might apply to the sphere of machine translation and whether the size of the unit influences the quality of translation. While modern machine translation systems offer an acceptable level of quality, a number of problems mainly related to the structural organization of the text remain unresolved, hence the question posed in the paper. The article offers a review of modern readings of the concept and pays special attention to the question whether the scope of the term changes depending on whether the object of research is the target text or the translation process. The paper also provides a quick look on the research methods for both text-oriented and process-oriented approaches, such as comparative analysis of language pairs and Think Aloud Protocol. Based on a review of existing machine translation models, each of them is analyzed to answer the question whether a unit of translation can be defined for a given system and what its size is. It is concluded that a unit of translation can be viewed as either a unit of analysis or a unit of processing with respect to text-oriented and process-oriented perspectives on to the study of translation. The unit of translation has a dynamic character and influences the quality of the target text. In machine translation, the unit of translation as a unit of analysis is not applicable for systems based on probabilistic non-linguistic methods. For rule-based machine translation systems, both readings of the unit of translation concept are applicable, but hardly go beyond a single sentence. Accordingly, at least one type of translation problem – intra-textual relations resolutions – remains largely unaddressed in the present state of affairs in machine translation.
Pre-translation analysis and translation strategy as components of the translation process
Authors: Tetenova Mariia Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2024

The subject of the study is pre-translation analysis and the process of choosing a translation strategy, since these stages are among the primary ones in building the translation process. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the impact on both the translation process and the approach to it, and, subsequently, on the final translation product, which only emphasizes their importance in the translation system. Special attention is paid to the theoretical database of concepts and the chronology of the formation of concepts and terms, as well as to various translation models, within which the author highlights the place and function of pre-translation analysis. The main conclusions of the study are statements about the primacy of the stages of pre-translation analysis and the formation of a translation strategy in most existing translation models. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is an attempt to accumulate examples of argumentation of the translation strategy by ancient authors as evidence of a much earlier formation of concepts than terms. The novelty of the research consists in an attempt to create a chronological base for the formation of concepts and terms and the accumulation of historical artifacts for the subsequent systematization of knowledge about the processes of pre-translation analysis and the formation of a translation strategy, which will subsequently become not only the basis for translation, but also a reflection of the professional motivation of the translator.
The connection of mathematics and logic in the structure of axiomatized and formalized theories
Authors: Chechetkina Irina Igorevna
Published: January 2024

The aim of the research is to study the relationship between logic and mathematics in the structure of axiomatized and formalized scientific theories. The object of the study is the explication of this connection and its explanation. The subject of the study is syntactic and semantic views on the structure of scientific theories, the relationship between logic and mathematics has not been studied in detail in them. In the syntactic view, the structure of the theory is understood as a linguistic construct build from various logical propositions of the theoretical level, correspondence propositions and observation propositions. The structure of the theory does not take into account the variety of model representations of the theory that generate a variety of language constructs. The semantic view overcomes this disadvantage, and in it the structure of the theory is presented as a hierarchy of models: from axioms to theoretical-level models, experimental models and data models. The structure of the theory, the connection of logic and mathematics were studied using comparative analysis, methods of interpretive analysis and reconstruction of scientific theories. The methods made it possible to explicate mathematical concepts in the structure of the theory and correlate them with logic and natural language. Comparative analysis has shown that in the syntactic view, the connection between logic and mathematics lies in the fact that mathematical concepts of physics are interpreted in the language of logic of first-order predicates with equality. The connection between mathematical concepts is provided by the axiomatic method, which serves as a means of formalizing concepts. Mathematics comes down to logic. In the semantic approach, in order to identify the connection between mathematics and logic, it was necessary to reconstruct the structure of non-relativistic quantum mechanics. With the help of the set-theoretic predicate of Suppes, its axioms were determined, the connection between mathematical structures, postulates of the theory, axioms, and observable quantities was established. Logic and mathematics are related to each other in such a way that metamathematics or linguistics is a part of mathematics. Mathematics includes set theory and model theory, i.e. mathematical logic. The connection of mathematical formalisms with phenomena and with natural language remains problematic, and there is this drawback in the syntactic approach. The novelty lies in the fact that the research contributes to the methodology and logic of science, to the explanation of the connection between logic and mathematics in scientific theory, which was illustrated by various examples from various fields of physics.