bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential protective role of interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3) in COVID-19
Authors: de Castro Mateus V. , Cariste Leonardo M. , Almeida Rafael R. , Sasahara Greyce L. , Silva Monize V. R. , Soares Flávia B. , Coria Vivian R. , Naslavsky Michel S. , Santos Keity S. , Cunha-Neto Edecio , Kalil Jorge , Zatz Mayana
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a quest to understand why certain individuals remain uninfected or asymptomatic despite repetitive exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we focused on six exposed females residing with their symptomatic and reinfected SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive COVID-19 partners. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from couples were analysed for poly (I:C)-induced mRNA expression of type I/III interferons and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Remarkably, we found a significant upregulation of the ISG interferon-inducible protein with tetrapeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3) gene exclusively in exposed uninfected or asymptomatic females, suggesting a potential role in protective immunity against symptomatic COVID-19.
Research on the stability of loess landslides under seismic action based on simplified bishop method
Authors: Hu Guirang , Li Bin , Yan Xiaobing , Ren Ruiguo , Zeng Jinyan
Published: November 2024

Assessing the stability of loess landslides under seismic action scientifically and reasonably is crucial for reducing earthquake disasters and ensuring the safety of people’s lives and property. To study this issue, we chose the southern part of Fushan County, Shanxi Province as the research area, where loess slopes develop and earthquake impacts are strong. Based on the high-precision DEM images of the study area obtained from the unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry, we selected 32 representative profiles by sampling according to our principles, and used the simplified Bishop method popular in engineering for modeling and calculation to evaluate the stability of the entire slopes in the area. The calculation results were then statistically analyzed, and the stability and impact range of the slopes were evaluated by means of the graphical form. The results show that in the study area the value of slope safety coefficient (Fs) is mostly within a range of 0.7–1.35 and the value of the avoidance distance is mostly within a range of 5–20 m under a seismic force of 0.20 g, and the slope safety coefficient is mainly determined by the slope angle, and the avoidance distance is mainly determined by the slope height, which is in line with the conclusions of previous research conclusions. In the paper we make a useful attempt for quantitative evaluation of regional seismic loess landslides, and the fact proves that the approach is feasible and efficient, and it can provide quantitative data for major construction projects to avoid landslide disasters.
Collaborative source–grid–load frequency regulation strategy for DC sending-end power grid considering electrolytic aluminum participation
Authors: Xing Chao , Xi Xinze , He Xin , Deng Can , Zhang Mingqiang
Published: November 2024

As renewable energy sources are increasingly being integrated into power systems, traditional frequency regulation methods have faced challenges, such as reduced system inertia and diminished regulatory capacity. We present a source–grid–load collaborative control strategy for the participation of electrolytic aluminum in the frequency regulation of the DC sending-end power grid. First, the frequency response characteristics of the ultrahigh-voltage DC (UHVDC) sending-end system are analyzed, and an electrolytic aluminum load model is established. Then, a hierarchical source–grid–load control strategy is proposed. The upper-layer control assigns the frequency support tasks to synchronous generators, electrolytic aluminum stations, and UHVDC systems based on the frequency dead zones. The lower-layer control aims to minimize the cost of controlling the electrolytic aluminum loads by distributing power adjustment commands to each electrolytic aluminum series within the power station. Simulations were conducted, and the results validate the effectiveness and economic benefits of the proposed strategy in reducing the control costs while maintaining system stability.
Research on a DC interconnection system based on a cascaded three-level converter for an island multi-energy microgrid
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , Wang Zheng , Liu Shangke , Bai Bin , Du Xiangnan
Published: November 2024

With the world’s transformation to low-carbon energy, island microgrids are developing rapidly because they can save energy and reduce carbon. Island multi-energy microgrids include photovoltaics, a double-fed fan, a battery energy storage system, and AC and DC loads. However, microgrids with high proportions of renewable energy have problems such as large power supply fluctuations and poor power quality. Connection to an AC power grid interconnection will greatly affect their reliability and stability. Firstly, a cascaded neutral point clamped three-level converter (C-NPC) DC interconnection system scheme is proposed. Secondly, the Island C-NPC mathematical models are established, and the flexible multi-mode control of island C-NPCs is proposed. Subsequently, corresponding additional control strategies for DC voltage sharing and AC current sharing among C-NPC modules are designed for the island multienergy microgrid to achieve reliable power supply. Finally, taking an island interconnection project on the east coast of China as a research object, a typical system operation test was performed to verify the good operational characteristics of the system. This research can promote the utilization of clean energy in island regional power grids, achieve carbon reduction, and promote global carbon neutrality.
Reducing ammonia volatilization in rice paddy: the importance of lower fertilizer rates and soil incorporation
Authors: Canatoy Ronley C. , Cho Song Rae , Galgo Snowie Jane C. , Kim Pil Joo , Kim Gil Won
Published: November 2024

In rice paddies, which exhibit higher ammonia (NH₃) emission factors than upland soils, identifying key drivers of NH₃ flux intensity is crucial. Contrary to the commonly held view that NH₃ flux is primarily governed by soil ammonium (NH₄⁺) concentrations, we found no significant relationship between NH₃ flux and NH₄⁺ levels in the soil during rice cultivation. To pinpoint a primary factor influencing NH₃ flux intensity under conventional rice cropping practices, we conducted a 2-year field study applying four nitrogen (N) fertilization rates (0, 45, 90, and 180 kg N ha⁻¹) using urea [(NH₂)₂CO], the most common N fertilizer. NH₃ emissions were tracked using the ventilation method. Following N application, NH₃ flux sharply increased but rapidly returned to baseline. Half of the N applied as a basal fertilizer was incorporated within the soil, contributing only 10% of total NH₃ emissions. In contrast, top-dressed applications—20% of total N at the tillering stage and 30% at panicle initiation—accounted for approximately 90% of NH₃ loss. Seasonal NH₃ flux increased quadratically with rising N application rates, correlating strongly with NH₄⁺ concentrations in floodwater rather than soil. Grain yield responded quadratically to N levels, peaking at 120 kg N ha⁻¹ with a 37% increase over control yields. NH₃ flux intensity, defined as seasonal NH₃ flux per unit of grain yield, showed a quadratic response to N fertilization, decreasing with initial fertilizer additions (up to 38 kg N ha⁻¹) but then sharply increased with further N fertilization increase. Hence, reducing NH₄⁺ concentrations in floodwater through moderated N application and deeper fertilizer placement could be essential for minimizing NH₃ volatilization in rice systems.
Exploring the therapeutic potency of cryptotanshinone in cervical cancer: a multi-omics and network pharmacology approach
Authors: Lu Zenghong , Zhu Gangfeng , Feng Xiaofei , Xiang Yi , Chen Cixiang , Yuan Huiting , Chen Zhixing
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Cervical cancer remains a significant challenge in oncology with an escalating demand for novel therapeutic strategies that can navigate the complexities of its pathophysiology. This study elucidated the antineoplastic effects of cryptotanshinone, a derivative of danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), a herb widely utilized in traditional Chinese medicine practices.

Methods

Employing a comprehensive multi-omics approach, including transcriptomic, proteomic, and bioinformatics analyses, we investigated the potential effects of cryptotanshinone on cervical cancer through data mining and computational analysis.

Results and Discussion

Our results demonstrated that the potential of cryptotanshinone to disrupted cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis may be ascribed to its modulation of gene expression and interaction with specific protein networks. Furthermore, network pharmacology and pathway enrichment analyses identified critical hubs and signaling pathways, suggesting a multi-targeted mechanism of action. Furthermore, the establishment of a prognostic model, which is founded upon differentially expressed genes linked to cryptotanshinone treatment, underscores its promising role as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic agent. These insights pave the way for the integration of cryptotanshinone into therapeutic regimens, offering a promising avenue for enhancing the efficacy of cervical cancer treatment and patient outcomes.
Positive, Open, Proud: an adapted disclosure-based intervention to reduce HIV stigma
Authors: Chenneville Tiffany , Kosyluk Kristin , Gabbidon Kemesha , Franke Molly , Serpas Dylan , Galea Jerome T.
Published: November 2024

HIV stigma among people living with HIV (PLWH) is well documented and linked to adverse physical and mental health outcomes among this population. Further, stigma may affect HIV disclosure decisions, which has important individual and public health implications. For women, HIV stigma and disclosure may be compounded by gender-based discrimination and violence. Despite the ill effects of HIV stigma, particularly for women, few evidence-based disclosure interventions to reduce stigma among PLWH exist. However, there is strong evidence for the efficacy of Honest, Open, Proud (HOP), a disclosure-based stigma-reduction intervention for people with mental illness. Given that mental illness and HIV are similar in that they are both stigmatized yet concealable conditions, we propose using the ADAPT-ITT model to adapt HOP into Positive, Open, Proud, a disclosure-based stigma-reduction intervention for PLWH, describing its unique potential for women living with HIV.
Broadening horizons: the multifaceted role of ferroptosis in breast cancer
Authors: Ge Anqi , Xiang Wang , Li Yan , Zhao Da , Chen Junpeng , Daga Pawan , Dai Charles C. , Yang Kailin , Yan Yexing , Hao Moujia , Zhang Bolin , Xiao Wei
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer poses a serious threat to women’s health globally. Current radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimens can induce drug-resistance effects in cancer tissues, such as anti-apoptosis, anti-pyroptosis, and anti-necroptosis, leading to poor clinical outcomes in the treatment of breast cancer. Ferroptosis is a novel programmed cell death modality characterized by iron overload, excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, and membrane lipid peroxidation. The occurrence of ferroptosis results from the imbalance between intracellular peroxidation mechanisms (executive system) and antioxidant mechanisms (defensive system), specifically involving iron metabolism pathways, amino acid metabolism pathways, and lipid metabolism pathways. In recent years, it has been found that ferroptosis is associated with the progression of various diseases, including tumors, hypertension, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. Studies have confirmed that triggering ferroptosis in breast cancer cells can significantly inhibit cancer cell proliferation and invasion, and improve cancer cell sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, making induction of ferroptosis a potential strategy for the treatment of breast cancer. This paper reviews the development of the concept of ferroptosis, the mechanisms of ferroptosis (including signaling pathways such as GSH-GPX4, FSP1-CoQ1, DHODH-CoQ10, and GCH1-BH4) in breast cancer disease, the latest research progress, and summarizes the research on ferroptosis in breast cancer disease within the framework of metabolism, reactive oxygen biology, and iron biology. The key regulatory factors and mechanisms of ferroptosis in breast cancer disease, as well as important concepts and significant open questions in the field of ferroptosis and related natural compounds, are introduced. It is hoped that future research will make further breakthroughs in the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and the use of ferroptosis in treating breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, natural compounds may also become a new direction for potential drug development targeting ferroptosis in breast cancer treatment. This provides a theoretical basis and opens up a new pathway for research and the development of drugs for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
T-cell receptor and B-cell receptor repertoires profiling in pleural tuberculosis
Authors: Du Fengjiao , Deng Yunyun , Deng Ling , Du Boping , Xing Aiying , Tao Hong , Li Hua , Xie Li , Zhang Xinyong , Sun Tao , Li Hao
Published: November 2024

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious agent. In China the most common extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) is pleural tuberculosis (PLTB). An important clinical feature of PLTB is that the lymphocytes associated with TB will accumulate in the pleural fluid. The adaptive immune repertoires play important roles in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection.

Methods

In this study, 10 PLTB patients were enrolled, and their Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells(PBMCs) and Pleural Effusion Mononuclear Cells(PEMCs) were collected. After T cells were purified from PBMCs and PEMCs, high-throughput immunosequencing of the TCRβ chain (TRB), TCRγ chain(TRG), and B cell receptor(BCR) immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) were conducted on these samples.

Results

The TRB, TRG, and BCR IGH repertoires were characterized between the pleural effusion and blood in PLTB patients, and the shared clones were analyzed and collected. The binding activity of antibodies in plasma and pleural effusion to Mtb antigens was tested which indicates that different antibodies responses to Mtb antigens in plasma and pleural effusion in PLTB patients. Moreover, GLIPH2 was used to identify the specificity groups of TRB clusters and Mtb-specific TRB sequences were analyzed and collected by VJ mapping.

Conclusion

We characterize the adaptive immune repertoires and identify the shared clones and Mtb-specific clones in pleural effusion and blood in PLTB patients which can give important clues for TB diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development.
Emerging roles of mechanosensitive ion channels in ventilator induced lung injury: a systematic review
Authors: Liu Gang , Dong Bin-bin , Devanarayana Shalika , Chen Rong-Chang , Liu Qi
Published: November 2024

Background

The pathogenetic mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) still need to be elucidated. The mechanical forces during mechanical ventilation are continually sensed and transmitted by mechanosensitive ion channels (MSICs) in pulmonary endothelial, epithelial, and immune cells. In recent years, MSICs have been shown to be involved in VILI.

Methods

A systematic search across PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect was performed from inception to March 2024, and the review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The potential eligible studies were evaluated by two authors independently. Study characteristics, quality assessment, and potential mechanisms were analyzed.

Results

We included 23 eligible studies, most of which were performed with murine animals in vivo. At the in vitro level, 52% and 48% of the experiments were conducted with human or animal cells, respectively. No clinical studies were found. The most reported MSICs include Piezo channels, transient receptor potential channels, potassium channels, and stretch-activated sodium channels. Piezo1 has been the most concerned channel in the recent five years. This study found that signal pathways, such as RhoA/ROCK1, could be enhanced by cyclic stretch-activated MSICs, which contribute to VILI through dysregulated inflammation and immune responses mediated by ion transport. The review indicates the emerging role of MSICs in the pathogenesis of VILI, especially as a signal-transmitting link between mechanical stretch and pathogenesis such as inflammation, disruption of cell junctions, and edema formation.

Conclusions

Mechanical stretch stimulates MSICs to increase transcellular ion exchange and subsequently generates VILI through inflammation and other pathogeneses mediated by MSICs signal-transmitting pathways. These findings make it possible to identify potential therapeutic targets for the prevention of lung injury through further exploration and more studies.

Systematic review registration

https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-10-0115/, identifier INPLASY2024100115.
Identification of anoikis-related molecular patterns and the novel risk model to predict prognosis, tumor microenvironment infiltration and immunotherapy response in bladder cancer
Authors: Zhu Luochen , Xiao Feng , Hou Yi , Huang Shenjun , Xu Yanyan , Guo Xiaohong , Dong Xinwei , Xu Chunlu , Zhang Xiaolei , Gu Haijuan
Published: November 2024

Background

Anoikis, a unique form of cell death, serves as a vital part of the organism's defense by preventing shedding cells from re-attaching to the incorrect positions, and plays pivotal role in cancer metastasis. Nonetheless, the specific mechanisms among anoikis, the clinical prognosis and tumor microenvironment (TME) of bladder cancer (BLCA) are insufficiently understood.

Method

BLCA patients were classified into different anoikis subtypes based on the expression of candidate anoikis-related genes (ARGs), and differences in the clinicopathological features, TME, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoints between two anoikis subtypes were analyzed. Next, patients in the TCGA cohort were randomized into the train and test groups in a 1:1 ratio. Subsequently, the anoikis-related model was constructed to predict the prognosis via utilizing the univariate Cox, LASSO and multivariate Cox analyses, and validated internally and externally. Moreover, the relationships between the risk score and clinicopathologic features, immune cell infiltration, immunotherapy response, and antitumor drug sensitivity were also analyzed. In addition, representative genes were evaluated using immunohistochemistry in clinical specimens, and in BLCA cell lines, functional experiments were performed to determine the biological behavior of hub gene PLOD1.

Result

Two definite anoikis subgroups were identified. Compared to ARGcluster A, patients assigned to ARGcluster B were characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment and worse prognosis. Then, the anoikis-related model, including PLOD1, EHBP1, and CSPG4, was constructed, and BLCA patients in the low-risk group were characterized by a better prognosis. Next, the accurate nomogram was built to improve the clinical applicability by combining the age, tumor stage and risk Score. Moreover, immune infiltration and clinical features differed significantly between high- and low-risk groups. We also found that the low-risk group exhibited a lower tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion score, a higher immunophenoscore (IPS), had more sensitivity to immunotherapy. Eventually, the expression levels of three genes were verified by our experiment, and knockdown of PLOD1 could inhibit invasion and migration abilities in BLCA cell lines.

Conclusion

These results demonstrated a new direction in precision therapy for BLCA, and indicated that the ARGs might be helpful to in predicting prognosis and as therapeutic targets in BLCA.
Effects of stand age and soil microbial communities on soil respiration throughout the growth cycle of poplar plantations in northeastern China
Authors: Liu Xiangrong , Hou Lingyu , Ding Changjun , Su Xiaohua , Zhang Weixi , Pang Zhongyi , Zhang Yanlin , Sun Qiwu
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Many studies have identified stand age and soil microbial communities as key factors influencing soil respiration (Rs). However, the effects of stand age on Rs and soil microbial communities throughout the growth cycle of poplar (Populus euramevicana cv.‘I-214’) plantations remain unclear.

Methods

In this study, we adopted a spatial approach instead of a temporal one to investigate Rs and soil microbial communities in poplar plantations of 15 different ages (1–15  years old).

Results

The results showed that Rs exhibited clear seasonal dynamics, with the highest rates observed in the first year of stand age (1-year-old). As stand age increased, Rs showed a significant decreasing trend. We further identified r-selected microbial communities (copiotrophic species) as key biological factors influencing the decline in Rs with increasing stand age. Other abiotic factors, such as soil temperature (ST), pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), and the C/N ratio of plant litter (Litter C/N), were also significantly correlated with Rs. Increased stand age promoted fungal community diversity but suppressed bacterial community diversity. Bacterial and fungal communities differed significantly in abundance, composition, and function, with the Litter C/N ratio being a key variable affected by microbial community changes.

Conclusion

This study provides crucial empirical evidence on how stand age affects Rs, highlighting the connection between microbial community assemblages, their trophic strategies, and Rs over the growth cycle of poplar plantations.
Plant-mediated gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy: exploring anti-cancer mechanisms, drug delivery applications, and future prospects
Authors: Nisha  , Sachan Rohan Samir Kumar , Singh Anjuvan , Karnwal Arun , Shidiki Amrullah , Kumar Gaurav
Published: November 2024

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit great promise in cancer therapy and drug delivery due to their unique physicochemical properties. The utilization of plant extracts and phytochemicals for the synthesis of AuNPs offers a simple, rapid, eco-friendly, and cost-effective alternative. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the role of plant-mediated AuNPs in cancer treatment, focusing on their core mechanisms, drug delivery applications, and future potential. It emphasizes the advantages of green synthesis methods for cancer therapy, detailing the processes involved and highlighting various plants used for nanoparticle biosynthesis. The review also explores the anti-cancer effects of plant-mediated AuNPs, such as their ability to selectively target cancer cells and induce apoptosis, supported by both in vitro and in vivo studies. Additionally, the application of these nanoparticles in targeted drug delivery for cancer therapy is examined. The review addresses biocompatibility and toxicity concerns, providing insights into the safety of these nanoparticles. Future research directions and challenges are discussed to overcome current limitations and maximize their clinical applicability. In summary, plant-mediated AuNPs offer a sustainable and effective approach for cancer therapy and drug delivery, with their green synthesis and diverse anti-cancer properties highlighting their potential. Further research is essential to fully realize their clinical benefits.
Validation of a web-based dietary assessment program against 24-h recalls in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Barouti Afroditi Alexandra , Bonn Stephanie Erika , Björklund Anneli
Published: November 2024

Background

Nutrition Data is a web-based program for nutrition analysis and registration of diet and exercise. It may aid dietary assessment and carbohydrate counting in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) but requires validation.

Objectives

To assess relative validity of Nutrition Data in measuring energy, carbohydrate and other macronutrient intake and evaluate the program’s user acceptability, in adults with T1D.

Methods

In this validation study, we analyzed data from 42 participants (median age 46.5 years, 45% women) from the DANCE study, a randomized controlled trial comprising of individuals with T1D in Sweden. Mean intakes of energy, carbohydrates, fat, protein, alcohol, fiber, sugars and saturated fat from 2 days registered in Nutrition Data were compared against the respective intakes acquired by unannounced 24-h-recalls of the same days. Paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank tests were used to compare mean intakes between the two methods, and Spearman’s rank correlation and Bland Altman plots were used to assess agreement between the methods. Usability and user acceptability of Nutrition Data were assessed with a questionnaire.

Results

There were no significant differences in mean dietary intakes between the two methods. Spearman’s correlation coefficients ranged from r = 0.79 for energy intake to r = 0.94 for carbohydrate intake (% total energy intake) (p < 0.001 for all outcomes). The Bland–Altman plots showed no clear patterns of bias, though limits of agreement were relatively wide. Most participants found Nutrition Data easy to use (70%), helpful for carbohydrate counting (88%) and would recommend it to others (73%).

Conclusion

The web-based program Nutrition Data showed good validity in assessing intake of energy and macronutrients compared to 24-h recalls and high user acceptability in Swedish men and women with T1D, and could, therefore, be used to facilitate diet registration and carbohydrate counting.
Untargeted metabolomics reveals the alteration of metabolites during the stewing process of Lueyang black-bone chicken meat
Authors: Wang Ling , Li Guojin , Gao Jie , Cheng Jia , Yuan Zhengnan , Lu Hongzhao , Zeng Wenxian , Zhang Tao
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Black-bone chicken meat is rich in nutritional substances and bioactive compounds. Stewing is a traditional and healthy cooking style for black-bone chicken meat. However, the alteration of metabolites in chicken meat during stewing is still unknown.

Methods

A comprehensive analysis of Lueyang black-bone chicken meat metabolites was performed in fresh chicken meat (FM), short-term heat-pretreated meat (PM), fully cooked meat (CM) and chicken soup (CS) via untargeted metabolomics.

Results

By comparison, 200, 992 and 891 significantly differentially metabolites (DMs) were identified in the PM vs. FM, CM vs. FM and CS vs. FM comparisons, respectively. These DMs mainly included amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates and lipids. During the heating process, the abundances of Ser, Ala, Tyr, niacinamide, galactose, guanosine 3′-monophosphate and inosine 5′-monophosphate in chicken meat significantly decreased and were partially dissolved in the soup. Due to the hydrolysis of phospholipids, the relative contents of unsaturated lipids, especially a range of lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, arachidonic acid and derivatives, increased in fully cooked meat.

Discussion

Pretreatment had little impact on the changes in metabolites in chicken meat. During stewing, the dissolved amino acids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids could enhance the taste quality of chicken soup, and the high abundance of unsaturated lipids could promote the nutritional quality of black-bone chicken meat. In summary, these data provide helpful information for nutritional quality studies on the metabolite profiles of black-bone chicken meat.
circUBE2G1 interacts with hnRNPU to promote VEGF-C-mediated lymph node metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Yuting , Chen Hui , Zhao Yue , Yan Qilu , Chen Lulu , Song Qibin
Published: November 2024

Background

Patients with lymph node(LN)metastasis-positive Lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)suffer from a significantly reduced five-year survival rate. Increasing evidence indicates circular RNAs(circRNAs)play crucial roles in regulating cancer progression. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in the LN metastasis of LUAD have not been fully explored.

Methods

GEO datasets and sequence analysis were applied for the identification of differentially expressed circRNAs between LUAD tissues and adjacent normal tissues. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to evaluate the function of circUBE2G1. The interaction between circUBE2G1 and VEGF-C was determined by RNA pulldown, ChIP, ChIRP and luciferase assays.

Results

In this study, we identified a novel circRNA, circUBE2G1 (hsa_circ_0041555), which is upregulated in LUAD and positively correlated with LN metastasis in patients with LUAD. Functionally, overexpression of circUBE2G1 promotes lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis of LUAD both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circUBE2G1 activates the transcription of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) by recruiting hnRNPU to enhance H3K27ac on the VEGF-C promoter, thereby facilitating lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis in LUAD.

Conclusion

Our findings offer new insights into the mechanisms behind circRNA-mediated LN metastasis in LUAD and suggest that circUBE2G1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for LN metastasis in LUAD.
Could elective nodal irradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer be omitted in the context of total neoadjuvant therapy? An analysis of the recurrence sites of rectal cancer
Authors: Xiao Linlin , Zhuo Shiyu , Gao Yuanhang , Sun Jingyi , Xiao Yuting , Wang Lu , Wang Xuan , Qu Fuyin , Liu Ming , Wang Yi , Gao Chao , Wang Jun , Wu Fengpeng
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to optimize neoadjuvant radiotherapy target area for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients undergoing total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) by examining local recurrence patterns.

Methods and materials

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of rectal cancer patients who undergone local recurrence after surgery. Recurrence sites were categorized and compared with initial diagnosis imaging, focusing on visible and suspicious lesions.

Results

Of the 126 patients who met our criteria, 186 lesions were analyzed. Within these, 75.40% of cases (95/126) and 83.33% of lesions (155/186) were located within the pelvic cavity. Conversely, 3.97% of cases (5/126) and 3.33% of lesions (6/186) occurred outside the pelvic cavity. Additionally, 20.63% of cases (26/126) and 13.44% of lesions (25/186) were found in both regions. Recurrences were predominantly observed in mesenteric regions (MR) (40.86%, 76/186) and presacral regions (PR) (32.26%, 60/186). In addition, 86.51% of patients (109/126) had recurrent lesions in HRA and the suspected lesions areas. Further analysis showed that initial CEA levels and adjuvant therapy types were identified as independent predictors for recurrence in MR/PR and initially suspected lesions. 86.51% of patients had recurrent lesions in HRA and the suspected lesions areas

Conclusion

The MR, PR, and areas of initial suspicious lesions are high-risk zones for post-surgical recurrence of LARC. Exploratory study of involved-field irradiation (IFI) can be carried out in the context of TNT in LARC.
Changes in LEND trainees’ understanding and application of diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice principles
Authors: Fisher Allison P. , Gies Lisa M. , Weber Stephanie , Froehlich Tanya , Abimosleh Simon , Ravindran Neeraja , Smith Jennifer
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To assess changes in trainees’ knowledge and application of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Justice (DEIJ) concepts after participating in a midwestern academic medical center Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental and Related Disabilities (LEND) program. LEND is a federally funded year-long program training individuals of various disciplines (e.g., speech pathology, family advocacy, psychology) to better support the health of individuals with disabilities.

Methods

Trainees (n = 46) answered questions about their knowledge and application of DEIJ topics before and after program participation in 2021–2022 and 2022–2023. Changes in trainees’ responses were examined using paired-samples t-tests.

Results

Thirty-six (78%) participants identified as White, 7 (15%) as Black, 2 (4%) as Asian, and 2 (4%) as more than one race. Three (7%) participants identified as Hispanic/Latino. Over the one-year program, trainees’ perceived knowledge increased [t(45) = 5.84, p < .001, Mdiff = .59, Cohen's D = 0.86]. Regarding articulating definitions of DEIJ terms, trainees’ summed scores following program participation also improved [t(45) = 4.71, p < .001, Mdiff = 2.37, Cohen's D = 0.70]. However, their comfort with addressing prejudicial statements and discussing and combating “-isms” (application of DEIJ skills) did not increase [t(45) = 1.74, p = .09, Mdiff = 0.17, Cohen's D = 0.26].

Conclusions for practice

LEND program participation positively impacted trainees’ perceived DEIJ knowledge and ability to define DEIJ terms. However, future refinements to the curriculum will be needed to improve trainees’ application of skills and to develop a more nuanced understanding of equity, intersectionality, inclusion, and belonging.
Isolated spin polarized hydrogen atoms as targets for laser-induced polarized electron acceleration
Authors: Sofikitis Dimitris , Stamatakis Marios G. , Papazoglou Dimitrios G. , Rakitzis T. Peter
Published: November 2024

High density Spin Polarized Hydrogen (SPH) atoms, which can be prepared using UV dissociation of hydro-halide molecules, can be attractive as potential targets for laser ionization/acceleration schemes aiming to create high energy and high current polarized electron beams. However, for these SPH targets to be of practical use, they have to be spatially isolated from the halide atoms which accompany hydrogen in the parent hydro-halide molecule. We show how the UV dissociation dynamics of hydro-halides and the dissociation geometry and timing can be combined to prepare a variety of isolated SPH targets aimed to accommodate laser acceleration schemes.
Alternative hosts of banana bunchy top virus in the Philippines and the first evidence of seed transmission of BBTV
Authors: Mendoza Nicole Angelee P. , Mendoza Jay-Vee S. , Thomas John E. , Dela Cueva Fe M.
Published: November 2024

Banana bunchy top disease is caused by banana bunchy top virus (BBTV). BBTV is transmitted locally by aphids (Pentalonia spp.), but the long-distance spread is through the movement of infected planting materials. This study investigated potential alternative hosts of BBTV in ornamental Musa and related species in the Zingiberales in the Philippines. Artificial inoculation of BBTV, molecular detection and transmission assay were used to evaluate 15 plant test species. The potential for seed transmission of BBTV through Canna indica seeds was also investigated. Seed samples were validated and quantified for BBTV presence using molecular tools, and then grown for transmission assay. Typical symptoms of BBTV in bananas, including dark green streak on the midrib and petiole and rosetting were observed on inoculated Musa coccinea (banana blossom), M. velutina (velutina), M laterita. (bronze banana) and Canna indica (Bandera Espanola). PCR assays confirmed BBTV infection in these symptomatic test plants, as well as in Curcuma longa (turmeric) which exhibited large chlorotic blotches on the leaf. BBTV was detected from both seeds and germinated seedlings of artificially inoculated and field-collected C. indica samples. This study identified M. laterita as a new host of BBTV. The susceptibility to BBTV of M. coccinea, M. velutina, C. indica, and C. longa was also confirmed. The study also provided the first evidence of seed transmission of BBTV. C indica is an ornamental plant popularly used for landscaping in the Philippines and seeds were shown to be an efficient mode of transmission of the virus with rates up to 34%. The discovery of natural infection in ornamental plants and seeds poses a risk to the banana industry and responsible propagation and appropriate quarantine protocols must be implemented.
Mediator role of psychological resilience between post-traumatic stress symptoms and burnout in academicians affected by the earthquakes in Türkiye
Authors: Yetkin Tekin Ayşegül
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the mediator role of psychological resilience in the relationship between post-traumatic stress and burnout symptoms in academicians affected by two earthquakes that occurred on February 6, 2023, affecting 11 provinces of Türkiye.

Methods

The research sample consisted of 175 academicians affected by these earthquakes. Each academician completed an online survey consisting of a sociodemographic form, the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), the Brief Psychological Resilience Scale, and the Burnout Syndrome Inventory-Short Version.

Results

Negative relationships were found between the post-traumatic stress symptom and burnout levels of academicians and their psychological resilience levels. Psychological resilience had a partial mediating role in the relationships of post-traumatic stress symptoms (reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal) and burnout.

Conclusion

It can be said that higher post-traumatic stress symptoms’ severity is associated with higher levels of burnout, and psychological resilience has a mediator role in the relationship between post-traumatic stress and burnout in earthquake-affected academicians.
Machine vision-based recognition of safety signs in work environments
Authors: Román-Gallego Jesús-Ángel , Pérez-Delgado María-Luisa , Conde Miguel A. , Viñuela Marcos Luengo
Published: November 2024

The field of image recognition is extensively researched, with applications addressing numerous challenges posed by the scientific community. Notably among these challenges are those related to individual safety. This article presents a system designed for the application of image recognition in the realm of Occupational Risk Prevention—a concern of paramount importance due to the imperative of preventing workplace accidents as falls, collisions, or other types of accidents for the benefit of both workers and enterprises. In this study, convolutional neural networks are employed due to their exceptional efficacy in image recognition. Leveraging this technology, the focus is on the recognition of safety signs used in Occupational Risk Prevention. The primary objective is to enable the recognition of these signs regardless of their orientation or potential degradation, phenomena commonly observed due to regular exposure to environmental elements or deliberate defacement. The results of this research substantiate the feasibility of integrating this technology into devices capable of promptly alerting individuals to potential risks. However, to improve classification capabilities, especially for highly degraded or complex images, a larger and more diverse data set might be needed, including real-world images that introduce greater entropy and variability. Implementing such a system would provide workers and companies with a proactive measure against workplace accidents, thereby enhancing overall safety in occupational environments.
Epidemiological trends of malaria infection in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 2018-2023
Authors: Alghamdi Rana , Bedaiwi Ahmed , Al-Nazawi Ashwaq M.
Published: November 2024

Background

Malaria poses a significant global public health challenge, especially in tropical regions. Saudi Arabia established the malaria elimination program decades ago, and implemented public health strategies to reduce malaria burden. Every year, Saudi Arabia welcomes millions of people worldwide, particularly from endemic countries, for work, religious activities, visits, and tourism. Jeddah city plays a vital role as a logistical center for the entry of travelers through its airports and seaports. Gaining insight into the demographic characteristics of malaria cases in Jeddah governorate is a crucial assessment for public health measures to reduce the malaria burden and support the malaria elimination program.

Method

In this cross-sectional study, we described the characteristics of malaria cases reported by the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration in Jeddah from 2018 to 2023. We also conducted a descriptive analysis using R and QGIS software to comprehend the epidemiological status of malaria cases in the Jeddah governorate.

Results

A total of 2,124 cases were reported from 2018 to 2023. Pakistanis are considered the major nationality with malaria by 47.56%. African countries such as Sudan, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Chad showed more than a third of malaria cases reported. Plasmodium Vivax and Falciparum were reported by almost 57 and 38%, respectively. An increasing number of malaria cases observed every year, except during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion

This study illustrated the epidemiology trend of malaria cases reported in Jeddah city between 2018 and 2023. Its findings highlighted the importance of strengthened emphasis on malaria prevention protocols in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Analysis of deviant behaviors and family functions in the population at risk of internet addiction among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu city, Sichuan province of China
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Huang Xi , Chen Qiong , Song Yan , Jiang Xixi , Zhou Junxia , Zhao Xiufang , Zhao Li
Published: November 2024

Background

This study explores the correlation between internet addiction (IA) and deviant behaviors among primary and secondary school students. It analyzes the impact of family functional factors, such as family relationships, parent–child communication, and parental control, on IA. The findings aim to provide a scientific basis for educators and parents to develop targeted preventive and intervention measures.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using self-administered questionnaires among 8,816 students from five primary and secondary schools in Chengdu. The questionnaire included basic information about students and their families, Young’s Internet Addiction Scale, Shek’s Deviant Behavior Scale, and the Chinese Family Assessment Instrument (C-FAI). Chi-square tests and t-tests were used to compare differences between the at-risk group for internet addiction and the normal population. Statistically significant variables were extracted and included in the hierarchical regression model, with the level of significance set at α = 0.05.

Results

The detection rate of IA risk among primary and secondary school students was 14.11%, and the detection rate of deviant behaviors in this group was 85.21%. Deviant behaviors such as deceit (r = 0.201), running away from home (r = 0.215), and damaging others’ property (r = 0.209) showed a weak correlation with the risk of internet addiction, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that all five dimensions of family environment and delinquency scores positively predicted internet addiction. Specifically, the change in R2 was 8.7% for mutual concern among family members and 9.7% for student delinquency behavior. Together, family environment and delinquency behavior explained 22.1% of the variance.

Conclusion

Primary and secondary school students at risk of IA are more likely to exhibit deviant behaviors, which show a weak correlation with IA. Gender and grade level significantly impact the risk of IA, indicating that male students and those in higher grades require more attention. Strengthening family interventions, especially in areas of mutual communication, family conflict resolution, and parental control, can help prevent IA among primary and secondary school students.
Predicting financial distress in TSX-listed firms using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Lokanan Mark Eshwar , Ramzan Sana
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study investigates the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms, a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), to predict financial distress in companies. Given the critical need for reliable financial health indicators, this research evaluates the predictive capabilities of various ML techniques on firm-level financial data.

Methods

The dataset comprises financial ratios and firm-specific variables from 464 firms listed on the TSX. Multiple ML models were tested, including decision trees, random forests, support vector machines (SVM), and artificial neural networks (ANN). Recursive feature elimination with cross-validation (RFECV) and bootstrapped CART were also employed to enhance model stability and feature selection.

Results

The findings highlight key predictors of financial distress, such as revenue growth, dividend growth, cash-to-current liabilities, and gross profit margins. Among the models tested, the ANN classifier achieved the highest accuracy at 98%, outperforming other algorithms.

Discussion

The results suggest that ANN provides a robust and reliable method for financial distress prediction. The use of RFECV and bootstrapped CART contributes to the model’s stability, underscoring the potential of ML tools in financial health monitoring. These insights carry valuable implications for auditors, regulators, and company management in enhancing practices around financial oversight and fraud detection.
Stability of a surrogate African swine fever-like algal virus in corn- and soybean-based feed ingredients during extended storage and in vitro digestion processes
Authors: Shurson Gerald C. , Ramirez-Camba Christian D. , Urriola Pedro E. , Schroeder Declan C.
Published: November 2024

Prevention of transmission of African swine fever virus (ASFV) through contaminated feed ingredients and complete feed is an important component of biosecurity protocols for global feed supply chains. Use of extended storage times for feed ingredients has become a popular and emerging mitigation strategy that may allow partial inactivation of ASFV before manufacturing swine feeds. However, the effectiveness of this strategy is unclear because limited studies have been conducted using diverse methodologies and insufficiently sensitive measures of virus viability of only a few types of feed matrices. Therefore, interpretation of results from these studies has made providing prudent recommendations difficult. Furthermore, although a few studies have shown that feed is a plausible route of transmission of ASFV to pigs, there are conflicting findings on the infectivity of ASFV that may be present in feed, which may be related to the extent that ASFV is degraded in the pig’s digestive system after it is consumed. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to use a surrogate ASFV-like algal virus (Emiliania huxleyi; EhV) to determine stability in corn- and soybean-based feed ingredients and complete feed during a 120-day storage period at temperatures up to 34°C, and EhV survival in various feed matrices during three stages of an in vitro digestion process. Results indicated that inoculating corn- and soybean-based feed ingredients and complete feed with EhV and storing them at 4°C, 24°C, or 34°C for up to 120 days did not result in the complete inactivation of EhV in any of these matrices. Because EhV has similar environmental and thermal resilience to ASFV, these results indicate that both viruses can maintain viability in various feed matrices during long-term storage and suggest that extending storage time up to 120 days is not an effective mitigation practice against ASFV. We also determined that between approximately 5- to more than 7-log (99.999 to 99.99999%) reductions in EhV in various feed matrices occur during the entire in vitro digestion and fermentation process. These reductions appear to be correlated with the chemical composition of the matrices, potentially explaining inconsistencies in ASFV infection when pigs consume infectious doses of contaminated feed.