bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ressourcenschonung und CO2‐Minderung unterirdischer Verkehrsbauwerke in offener Bauweise durch konstruktiv optimierte Verbauten
Authors: Mischo Arne , Eberle Lara , Zehetmaier Gerhard
Published: June 2023

Der für eine Mobilitätswende erforderliche Ausbau des ÖPNV und primär der Ausbau von U‐Bahn‐Netzen steht – wenngleich per se potenziell nachhaltig – bei Ressourcenschonung und CO2‐Minderung in der Pflicht. Insbesondere unterirdische Verkehrsbauwerke in offener Bauweise zeigen noch erhebliche Minderungspotenziale. Neben Maßnahmen auf Baustoffebene durch Zemente, Bewehrungs‐ und Baustähle mit reduziertem CO2‐Fußabdruck oder Global Warming Potential (GWP) sind dringend auch Maßnahmen auf Ebene der Konstruktion notwendig: durch eine vom konstruktiven Ingenieur betriebene Optimierung von Konstruktion, Bauweise und Bauablauf. Ausgangspunkt der Betrachtung ist eine heute typische U‐Bahn‐Haltestelle, wie sie in den Metropolen Hamburg, Berlin oder München aktuell geplant und gebaut wird. Die wesentlichen Beiträge zum CO2‐Fußabdruck der Haltestelle werden identifiziert und Stellschrauben aufgezeigt. Eine wesentliche Rolle spielen dabei Baubehelfe und Baugrubenverbauten, die häufig nur für kurze Zeit genutzt werden, aber große Beiträge zum GWP liefern. Aus einer systematischen Betrachtung von Verbaukonzepten und ‐konstruktionen werden Handlungsoptionen für die Planung ressourcenschonender und emissionsärmerer Verkehrsbauwerke in offener Bauweise abgeleitet.
Potenzial von 3D‐gedruckten Stahlfaserbetonbauteilen zum Schutz kritischer Infrastruktur – Beschuss‐ und Freifallversuche
Authors: Zohrabyan Vahan , Zöller Raphael , Gradic Simon , Braml Thomas
Published: June 2023

Der Einsatz innovativer Fertigungstechnologien in der Baubranche unterstützt die Realisierung vollständig automatisierter Herstellungsverfahren mit dem Ziel, die Ausführungszeit, die Individualität und die Qualität von Bauteilen zu verbessern. Die Herstellung von Stahlfaserbetonbauteilen im selektiven Zementaktivierungsverfahren, welches das dreidimensionale Drucken von formoptimierten Bauteilen ermöglicht, kann die genannten Ziele erreichen. Um diese hinsichtlich ihres Verhaltens unter hochdynamischen Einwirkungen zu untersuchen, wurden insgesamt zehn Stahlfaserbetonprobekörper in unterschiedlichen Bauweisen gedruckt und durch Beschuss‐ und Freifallversuche mit hochdynamischen Belastungen beansprucht. Solche Belastungen führen zu komplexen inneren Beanspruchungen und entsprechenden Schadensbildern. Eine Darstellung von weiterhin bestehenden Schäden nach dem Impakt, insbesondere die korrekte Ausrichtung der Stahlfasern im Bauteil, zeigen Verbesserungs‐ und Optimierungsmöglichkeiten zukünftiger Schutzbauteile auf, welche nach aktuellem Stand der Technik noch nicht hinreichend erforscht sind.
A misdiagnosed laryngeal foreign body causing recurrent wheezing in a pediatric patient: Case report
Authors: Fraccaroli Francesca , Tosini Davide , Lerario Giorgia , Battilocchi Ludovica , D'Onghia Alessandra , Cantarella Giovanna , Pignataro Lorenzo , Neri Simona , Gaffuri Michele
Published: June 2023

Key clinical message

The recurrence of respiratory symptoms without a clear clinical reason in children can be secondary to the presence of an unknown foreign body of the airways. In such cases, endoscopy of the airways is always necessary, regardless of the patient's age.

The management of foreign bodies of the pediatric airway can be challenging. The clinical presentation may vary and, in case of recurrent respiratory symptoms without a clear clinical cause, the presence of a foreign body of the airway should be suspected. We describe the case of a 13‐month‐old patient, weight 11 kg, with a misdiagnosed subglottic foreign body causing dysphonia and worsening respiratory distress, removed by means of a direct laryngotracheoscopy in tubeless general anesthesia in spontaneous breathing.
Synthesis and Characterization of Substituted Phosphasilenes and its Rare Homologue Stibasilene >Si=Sb−
Authors: Nazish Mohd , Legendre Christina M. , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Muhammed Shahila , Parameswaran Pattiyil , Stalke Dietmar , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: June 2023

Herein we report the reduction of R‐EX2 (E=P, Sb) with two equivalents of KC8 in the presence of silylene (LSiR; L=PhC(NtBu)2) to give Trip‐P=SiL(C6H4PPh2) (1), TerPh−P=(tBu)SiL (2) and TerPh−Sb=(tBu)SiL (3). The last (3) belongs to a new class of heavier analogues of Schiff bases (>C=N−), containing a formal >Si=Sb− double bond. The theoretical calculations suggest that lone pairs on the dicoordinated group‐15 centers are stabilized by hyperconjugative interactions resulting in pseudo‐Si−P/Si−Sb multiple bonds which are highly reactive as indicated by the high first and second proton affinities.
Graphdiyne and its Composites for Lithium‐Ion and Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Yang Kun , Kang Yuchong , Li Xuao , Ma Xiaoyun , Wang Xiaoxue , Lu Zhiqiang , Li Haibo , Ma Wei , Pan Likun
Published: June 2023

Graphynes (GYs) are a novel type of carbon allotrope composed of sp and sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, boasting both a planar conjugated structure akin to graphene and a pore‐like configuration in three‐dimensional space. Graphdiyne (GDY), the first successfully synthesized member of GYs family, has gained much interest due to its fascinating electrochemical properties including a greater theoretical capacity, high charge mobility and advanced electronic transport properties, making it a promising material for energy storage applications for lithium‐ion and hydrogen storage. Various methods, including heteroatom substitution, embedding, strain, and nanomorphology control, have been employed to further enhance the energy storage performance of GDY. Despite the potential of GDY in energy storage applications, there are still challenges to overcome in scaling up mass production. This review summarizes recent progress in the synthesis and application of GDY in lithium‐ion and hydrogen storage, highlighting the obstacles faced in large‐scale commercial application of GDY‐based energy storage devices. Suggestions on possible solutions to overcome these hurdles have also been provided. Overall, the unique properties of GDY make it a promising material for energy storage applications in lithium‐ion and hydrogen storage devices. The findings presented here will inspire further development of energy storage devices utilizing GDY.
Effect of plant density and hydraulic retention time on phytoremediation of greywater using water hyacinth and validation of its optimized result using artificial neural network
Authors: Prasad Rajnikant , Sharma Dayanand , Pandey Ashutosh Kumar , Yadav Kunwar D. , Kumar Sunil , Ibrahim Hussameldin
Published: June 2023

Water scarcity is a global issue and finding alternative ways to meet our water needs within available resources is becoming increasingly important. Repurposing greywater for non‐potable uses, such as irrigation and car washing, can help alleviate the demand for drinking water. Greywater recycling and reuse are viable options to combat water scarcity. This study investigated the treatment of greywater using phytoremediation, specifically focusing on the effect of water hyacinth density and hydraulic retention time (HRT). An artificial neural network was used to optimize these parameters in the treatment system. The experiment spanned over 7 weeks and consisted of two phases. In phase I, different water hyacinth densities (ranging from 1.0 to 4.0 kg/m2) were tested, while phase II examined various HRTs (ranging from 12 to 48 h). The results indicated that the optimal conditions for greywater treatment were a water hyacinth density of 2 kg/m2 and an HRT of 48 h. Under these optimal conditions, the treatment system achieved high removal efficiencies for turbidity (98.02 ± 0.75%), chemical oxygen demand (59.42 ± 5.64%), ammonium‐nitrogen (87.45 ± 7.29%), and phosphate (94.50 ± 2.19%). However, the removal of total suspended solids was relatively low at 43.98 ± 9.20%. These findings were confirmed using an artificial neural network, showing a strong correlation (R > 0.99). The study concludes that phytoremediation using water hyacinth can be a viable option for greywater recycling and reuse, effectively addressing water scarcity. The recommended optimal conditions include a water hyacinth density of 2 kg/m2 and an HRT of 48 h.
An improved anti‐interference predictive PI for first order plus dead time processes
Authors: Hou Yuqiao , Zou Hongbo , Bai Jianjun
Published: June 2023

The predictive PI control algorithm can handle time delay systems well, but still suffers from poor control and weak anti‐interference ability when facing large inertia and large lag links. This paper starts from the principle of predictive PI controller, equates it to Smith predictive controller, then combines Smith anti‐disturbance structure and proposes an improved predictive PI (IPPI). For the first‐order plus dead time (FOPDT) system simulation experiment, the experimental results show that the proposed controller has significantly improved the response speed and anti‐interference ability.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Antifibrotic Activity of CC‐90001 (BMS‐986360), a c‐Jun N‐Terminal Kinase Inhibitor, in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Horan Gerald , Ye Ying , Adams Mary , Parton Anastasia , Cedzik Dorota , Tang Shaojun , Brown Elizabeth A. , Liu Liangang , Nissel Jim , Carayannopoulos Leonidas N. , Gaudy Allison , Schafer Peter , Palmisano Maria , Ramirez‐Valle Francisco
Published: June 2023

Approved treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have tolerability concerns and limited efficacy. CC‐90001, a c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase inhibitor, is under investigation as a therapy for fibrotic diseases. A Phase 1b safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics study of oral CC‐90001 (100, 200, or 400 mg) administered once daily for 12 weeks was conducted in patients with pulmonary fibrosis (NCT02510937). Sixteen patients with a mean age of 68 years were studied. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events were nausea and headache; all events were of mild or moderate intensity. Pharmacokinetic profiles were similar between the patients in this trial and healthy adults in previous studies. Forced vital capacity increased in the 200‐ and 400‐mg cohorts from baseline to Week 12, and dose‐dependent reductions in fibrosis biomarkers were observed. Antifibrotic activity of CC‐90001 was also evaluated in vitro in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1)–stimulated cells. CC‐90001 reduced in vitro profibrotic gene expression in both lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts, supporting a potential direct antifibrotic action of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase inhibition in either or both cell types. Overall, CC‐90001 was generally safe and well tolerated, and treatment was associated with forced vital capacity improvement and reductions in profibrotic biomarkers.
ALKBH5/YTHDF2‐mediated m6A modification of circAFF2 enhances radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer by inhibiting Cullin neddylation
Authors: Shao Yingjie , Liu Zhenhua , Song Xing , Sun Rui , Zhou You , Zhang Dachuan , Sun Huihui , Huang Junchao , Wu Chenxi , Gu Wendong , Zheng Xiao , Jiang Jingting
Published: June 2023

Background

Circular RNA (circRNA) and N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) play a critical role in tumour occurrence and development, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, little is known about the interaction between circRNA and m6A in the radiosensitivity of CRC. Here, we investigated the role of a novel m6A‐regulated circRNA in CRC.

Methods

Differentially expressed circRNAs from radiosensitive and radioresistant CRC tissues were screened. Modifications of the selected circRNAs were examined by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Finally, the selected circRNAs were subjected to radiosensitivity assay.

Results

We identified that circAFF2 is closely related to both radiosensitivity and m6A in CRC. CircAFF2 was highly expressed in patients with radiosensitive rectal cancer, and patients with high expression of circAFF2 had a better prognosis. In addition, circAFF2 can enhance the radiosensitivity of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. The regulation of circAFF2 involves ALKBH5‐mediated demethylation, followed by its recognition and degradation via YTHDF2. Rescue experiments revealed that circAFF2 could reverse the radiosensitivity induced by ALKBH5 or YTHDF2. Mechanistically, circAFF2 binds with CAND1, promotes the binding of CAND1 to Cullin1 and inhibits its neddylation, subsequently impacting the radiosensitivity of CRC.

Conclusion

We identified and characterised circAFF2 as a novel m6A‐modified circRNA and validated the ALKBH5/YTHDF2/circAFF2/Cullin‐NEDD8 axis as a potential radiotherapy target for CRC.
Honey bees exhibit greater patch fidelity than bumble bees when foraging in a common environment
Authors: Fragoso Fabiana P. , Brunet Johanne
Published: June 2023

Animals commonly exhibit a tendency to return to previously visited locations. Such tendency is manifested at different scales, for example, fidelity to a site or fidelity to a specific patch within a site. Although patch fidelity has important implications for the pollinators and the plants they visit, our understanding of patch fidelity, and the extent to which it varies among bee species, remains limited. Here, we used a mark–reobservation approach to compare patch fidelity and patch size preference between one bumble bee and one honey bee species foraging on patches of Medicago sativa L. Honey bees exhibited greater patch fidelity (76%) than bumble bees (47%); they were more likely to return to the patch where they were marked. Patch size affected the level of patch fidelity for bumble bees but not for honey bees. Bumble bees were more likely to return to larger rather than smaller patches. In addition to patch fidelity, we detected preference of bees for the larger patches. Bees visited the larger patches more often than the smaller patches. These results add patch fidelity to the already known repertoire of differences in foraging strategies between a bumble bee and a honey bee species. It also indicates how the simultaneous study of distinct species in a similar environment can reveal important previously undetected information about their behavioral ecology. Observed differences in patch fidelity and patch size preferences may have important implications for crop pollination and conservation habitat design.
The influence of visions on cooperation among interest organizations in fragmented socio‐technical systems
Authors: Wesche J. P. , Negro S. O. , Brugger H. I. , Eichhammer W. , Hekkert M. P.
Published: June 2023

The paper shows that visions of the future can be used as a predictor of cooperation and division between actors in their efforts to shape the institutional environment, specifically policy in socio‐technical systems. Accordingly, the paper suggests a new method to analyze visions: a virtual solution space in which visions can be grouped according to their similarity. The similarity of visions is calculated based on cluster analysis. Empirically, the paper focuses on the networks between industry associations in the heating transition in the German building sector. It shows that actors whose visions of future socio‐technical system developments overlap are more likely to cooperate with each other. It also suggests that the fragmentation of the residential heating system in Germany is reflected in a fragmented actor network. Furthermore, the authors show that shared technological interests can outweigh similar visions. These fragmented technological interests hinder meaningful cooperation. This is potentially one reason why a powerful low‐carbon heating coalition in Germany that could facilitate an accelerated deployment of low‐carbon heat systems by driving policy change has not emerged to date. The paper contributes to a better understanding of how niche actors in sustainability transitions use their agency and specifically strategize to bring about institutional change. In this respect, the authors discuss how differing levels of system‐fragmentation influence transition dynamics in general and institutional change dynamics in particular.
Knowledge about self‐efficacy and outcomes in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Yang Mingming , Kondo Toru , Adamson Carly , Butt Jawad H. , Abraham William T. , Desai Akshay S. , Jering Karola S. , Køber Lars , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Packer Milton , Rouleau Jean L. , Solomon Scott D. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Zile Michael R. , Jhund Pardeep S. , McMurray John J.V.
Published: June 2023

Aim

Although education in self‐management is thought to be an important aspect of the care of patients with heart failure, little is known about whether self‐rated knowledge of self‐management is associated with outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between patient‐reported knowledge of self‐management and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods and results

Using individual patient data from three recent clinical trials enrolling participants with HFrEF, we examined patient characteristics and clinical outcomes according to responses to the ‘self‐efficacy’ questions of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire. One question quantifies patients' understanding of how to prevent heart failure exacerbations (‘prevention’ question) and the other how to manage complications when they arise (‘response’ question). Self‐reported answers from patients were pragmatically divided into: poor (do not understand at all, do not understand very well, somewhat understand), fair (mostly understand), and good (completely understand). Cox‐proportional hazard models were used to evaluate time‐to‐first occurrence of each endpoint, and negative binomial regression analysis was performed to compare the composite of total (first and repeat) heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular death across the above‐defined groups. Of patients (n = 17 629) completing the ‘prevention’ question, 4197 (23.8%), 6897 (39.1%), and 6535 (37.1%) patients had poor, fair, and good self‐rated knowledge, respectively. Of those completing the ‘response’ question (n = 17 637), 4033 (22.9%), 5463 (31.0%), and 8141 (46.2%) patients had poor, fair, and good self‐rated knowledge, respectively. For both questions, patients with ‘poor’ knowledge were older, more often female, and had a worse heart failure profile but similar treatment. The rates (95% confidence interval) per 100 person‐years for the primary composite outcome for ‘poor’, ‘moderate’ and ‘good’ self‐rated knowledge in answer to the ‘prevention’ question were 12.83 (12.11–13.60), 12.08 (11.53–12.65) and 11.55 (11.00–12.12), respectively, and for the ‘response’ question were 12.88 (12.13–13.67), 12.22 (11.60–12.86) and 11.56 (11.07–12.07), respectively. The lower event rates in patients with ‘good’ self‐rate knowledge were accounted for by lower rates of cardiovascular (and all‐cause) death and not hospitalization for worsening heart failure.

Conclusions

Poor patient‐reported ‘self‐efficacy’ may be associated with higher rates of mortality. Evaluation of knowledge of ‘self‐efficacy’ may provide prognostic information and a guide to which patients may benefit from further education about self‐management.
Influenza vaccination and cardiovascular events in patients with ischaemic heart disease and heart failure: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Modin Daniel , Lassen Mats Christian Højbjerg , Claggett Brian , Johansen Niklas Dyrby , Keshtkar‐Jahromi Maryam , Skaarup Kristoffer Grundtvig , Nealon Joshua , Udell Jacob A. , Vardeny Orly , Solomon Scott D. , Gislason Gunnar , Biering‐Sørensen Tor
Published: June 2023

Aim

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling patients at high cardiovascular risk have found that influenza vaccination may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events. We performed an updated meta‐analysis assessing the effect of influenza vaccination on the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with ischaemic heart disease or heart failure.

Methods and results

We searched PubMed, EMBASE and other sources to identify RCTs examining the effect of influenza vaccination on the incidence of cardiovascular events assessed as efficacy outcomes in patients with ischaemic heart disease or heart failure. Eligible studies followed patients for at least one influenza season, defined as a minimum duration of 6 months. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, stent thrombosis or coronary revascularization, stroke or heart failure hospitalization. The secondary endpoints were cardiovascular death and all‐cause death. Two investigators independently identified and extracted data from studies. Results were compared using hazard ratios (HRs) in both random effects and fixed effects models. We included five peer‐reviewed and one non peer‐reviewed RCTs for a total of 9340 patients. Five trials included patients with ischaemic heart disease (n = 4211) and one trial included patients with heart failure (n = 5129). Influenza vaccination was associated with a reduced incidence of the primary composite endpoint (random effects HR [rHR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63–0.88, p < 0.001, I2 = 52%), cardiovascular death (rHR 0.63, 95% CI 0.42–0.95, p = 0.028, I2 = 58%) and all‐cause death (rHR 0.72, 95% CI 0.54–0.95, p = 0.0227, I2 = 52%). Results were similar when non peer‐reviewed data were excluded.

Conclusion

In this meta‐analysis of available RCTs in patients at high cardiovascular risk, influenza vaccination was associated with a reduced incidence of cardiovascular events, cardiovascular death and all‐cause death as compared to placebo or no treatment.
Complement‐mediated immune mechanisms in allergy
Authors: Laumonnier Yves , Korkmaz Rabia Ülkü , Nowacka Alicja A. , Köhl Jörg
Published: June 2023

Allergic conditions are associated with canonical and noncanonical activation of the complement system leading to the release of several bioactive mediators with inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties that regulate the immune response in response to allergens during the sensitization and/or the effector phase of allergic diseases. Further, immune sensors of complement and regulator proteins of the cascade impact on the development of allergies. These bioactive mediators comprise the small and large cleavage fragments of C3 and C5. Here, we provide an update on the multiple roles of immune sensors, regulators, and bioactive mediators of complement in allergic airway diseases, food allergies, and anaphylaxis. A particular emphasis is on the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a and their receptors, which are expressed on many of the effector cells in allergy such as mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, macrophages, and neutrophils. Also, we will discuss the multiple pathways, by which the anaphylatoxins initiate and control the development of maladaptive type 2 immunity including their impact on innate lymphoid cell recruitment and activation. Finally, we briefly comment on the potential to therapeutically target the complement system in different allergic conditions.
S‐palmitoylation regulates innate immune signaling pathways: molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies
Authors: Cai Jing , Cui Jun , Wang Liqiu
Published: June 2023

S‐palmitoylation is a reversible posttranslational lipid modification that targets cysteine residues of proteins and plays critical roles in regulating the biological processes of substrate proteins. The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against pathogenic invaders and participates in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Emerging studies have uncovered the functions of S‐palmitoylation in modulating innate immune responses. In this review, we focus on the reversible palmitoylation of innate immune signaling proteins, with particular emphasis on its roles in the regulation of protein localization, protein stability, and protein–protein interactions. We also highlight the potential and challenge of developing therapies that target S‐palmitoylation or de‐palmitoylation for various diseases.
Enantioselective Aldol Reaction with Difluoroenoxysilanes Catalyzed by Cationic Palladium Aqua Complexes
Authors: Livernaux Florian , Laviéville Sidonie , Guiffrey Pascale , Campagne Jean‐Marc , Leclerc Eric
Published: June 2023

The enantioselective addition of difluoroenoxysilanes to aromatic aldehydes, catalyzed by cationic palladium aqua complexes, has been described. The reaction is operationally simple, does not require anhydrous conditions and performs at room temperature. The palladium catalysts, previously discovered and reported by Sodeoka, are easily prepared in two steps from PdCl2(MeCN)2. The aldol compounds were obtained in good yields and with enantiomeric ratios up to 93 : 7, the reaction being more efficient using electron‐rich aldehydes.
Long memory conditional random fields on regular lattices
Authors: Ferretti Angela , Ippoliti L. , Valentini P. , Bhansali R. J.
Published: June 2023

This paper draws its motivation from applications in geophysics, agricultural, and environmental sciences where empirical evidence of slow decay of correlations have been found for data observed on a regular lattice. Spatial ARFIMA models represent a widely used class of spatial models for analyzing such data. Here, we consider their generalization to conditional autoregressive fractional integrated moving average (CARFIMA) models, a larger class of long memory models which allows a wider range of correlation behavior. For this class we provide detailed descriptions of important representative models, make the necessary comparison with some other existing models, and discuss some important inferential and computational issues on estimation, simulation and long memory process approximation. Results from model fit comparison and predictive performance of CARFIMA models are also discussed through a statistical analysis of satellite land surface temperature data.
Catalytic effect of metal powder and MCM‐41/metal catalysts on the pyrolysis of cellulose
Authors: Genel Salih , Durak Halil , Genel Yaşar
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the effect of support catalysts on the pyrolysis process of cellulose by comparing it with metal powder catalysts. MCM‐41, MCM‐41/Al, MCM‐41/Fe, Al, and Fe metal powders were employed as catalysts, and the pyrolysis temperature was set at 350, 450, and 550°C. The MCM‐41 group catalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM–EDX, and SEM‐EDS techniques. GC–MS and elemental analysis methods were used to analyze the liquid products. The results indicate that different catalysts can affect the energy value and product variety of cellulose pyrolysis. Specifically, Al and Fe powder catalysts yielded higher liquid product yields compared to MCM‐41 group catalysts. The MCM‐41 group catalysts mainly produced monoaromatic compounds, while Al and Fe powder catalysts were more effective at producing aliphatic compounds. These findings suggest that the selection of catalysts can have a significant impact on the outcome of cellulose pyrolysis.
The usefulness of an intervention with a serious video game as a complementary approach to cognitive behavioural therapy in eating disorders: A pilot randomized clinical trial for impulsivity management
Authors: Vintró‐Alcaraz Cristina , Mallorquí‐Bagué Núria , Lozano‐Madrid María , Testa Giulia , Granero Roser , Sánchez Isabel , Treasure Janet , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of the present study was to test the usefulness of an add‐on serious video game approach (i.e., Playmancer) to treatment as usual (TAU) on reducing impulsive behaviours and psychopathology in individuals diagnosed with an eating disorder (ED).

Method

Thirty‐seven patients diagnosed with an ED according to the DSM‐5 were included in the present randomized clinical trial (RCT; study record 35,405 in ClinicalTrials.gov) and were randomly assigned to either the TAU or TAU + Playmancer group. All participants completed a clinical interview. Impulsivity (UPPS‐P self reported questionnaire and Stroop task) and general psychopathology (SCL‐90‐R) measures were assessed at: baseline, 4 weeks into treatment, at the end of TAU (after 16 weeks), and follow‐up (2 years). In addition, patients in the experimental group underwent a total of nine sessions with Playmancer over the span of 3 weeks.

Results

Patients in both treatment groups (TAU + Playmancer or TAU) improved on Stroop task performance and psychological distress. Additionally, patients in TAU‐Playmancer improved on the impulsive trait domain of lack of perseverance. No statistical differences were found regarding treatment outcomes (i.e., treatment adherence and remission of eating symptomatology) when comparing the two treatment groups.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the impulsivity associated with EDs should be addressed and could be modified, as some facets of trait impulsivity improved after Playmancer add‐on treatment. Yet, there were no significant differences in treatment outcomes when comparing the two groups and further research needs to be conducted.
Residual mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete at elevated temperatures
Authors: Hawileh Rami A. , Quadri Syed Shah , Abdalla Jamal A. , Assad Maha , Thomas Blessen Skariah , Craig Deanna , Naser M. Z.
Published: June 2023

This research examines the residual mechanical properties of normal and recycled aggregate concrete when subjected to elevated temperatures. The concrete specimens containing recycled aggregate (0%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were exposed to different temperatures (25, 200, 400, and 600°C) in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 10°C/min. The variations in flexural strength, compressive strength, and density were then tested according to ASTM standards. Findings from this investigation indicate that the degradation in the mechanical strength of concrete does not seem to be significantly affected by the increase in the percentage of recycled aggregates. However, a significant and linear decrease in the density was observed at 400°C with an increase in the percentage of recycled aggregates. The degradation of the compressive and flexural strengths of recycled aggregate concrete with increasing temperatures obtained from the experimental analysis was compared with the analytical predictions provided by Eurocode 2. Moreover, simplified equations have been proposed to estimate the degradation of the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete at higher temperatures. The incorporation of recycled aggregates into concrete resulted in satisfactory residual performance.
Status of food safety knowledge, attitude, and practices of caregivers of children in northern Uganda
Authors: Achiro Eunice , Okidi Lawrence , Echodu Richard , Alarakol Simon Peter , Nassanga Prossy , Ongeng Duncan
Published: June 2023

The safety of homemade weaning foods in low‐ and middle‐income countries is of great concern as rural households have limited access to standardized commercial weaning foods. In the Acholi subregion of Uganda, complementary foods are locally produced. However, there is limited information on the Food safety knowledge (FSK), food safety attitude (FSA), and food hygiene practices (FHP) of the caregivers. This study examined food safety knowledge, attitude, and practices of the caregivers of children 6–23 months of age in Amuru and Nwoya districts, Northern Uganda, between March 2019 and June 2019. A cross‐sectional study was conducted involving 180 caregivers. Data were collected using semi‐structured questionnaires and focus group discussions and analyzed using descriptive statistics, multivariate binary logistic regression, and thematic content analysis. Caregivers had sufficient FSK (74.1%) and positive FSA (68.1%). However, only 17.6% of them adhered to FHP. Frequency of food safety training (p = .041) and households with children who suffered from foodborne illness (p = .001) significantly predicted FSK. Conversely, both FSK and FSA were significantly predicted by gender roles in decision‐making on household income (p = .006) and households with older children (p = .041). A significant positive correlation was observed between FSK and FSA (r = .406, p = .000). However, major barriers to adherence to FHP were inadequate sanitation facilities and caregiver's workload. The overall nontranslation of sufficient FSK and positive FSA into proper FHP calls for future intervention to harness the sociodemographic factors that influence FSK and FSA and address the barriers to FHP among caregivers.
Environmental cost of financial development within the framework of the load capacity curve hypothesis in the BRICS economies: Do renewable energy consumption and natural resources mitigate some burden?
Authors: Yang Mingjian , She Dandan , Abbas Shujaat , Ai Fengyi , Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday
Published: June 2023

Ecological changes and deformations put nations around the world under socioeconomic pressure and are thus an important topic of discourse. In this framework, this study explores the effect of economic progress, natural resources, renewable energy and financial development on load capacity factor (proxy of ecological quality) utilizing the second‐generation approach for the case of the BRICS economies. Moreover, the paper explores the validity of the load capacity curve (LCC) hypothesis that has been recently introduced in the energy economics literature for the period between 1990 and 2018. The research results disprove the validity of the LCC hypothesis for the BRICS nations. Moreover, economic progress, financial development and natural resources cause ecological quality to decline, while renewable energy improves ecological quality. The panel causality results also support these results. Among several recommendations, the research advises that governments and policymakers advocate for reforms to promote renewable energy sources. The BRICS countries can go green and maintain ecological sustainability through this transition towards renewable energies, which is also a top priority of the UN's SDG 7.
Water budget of tropical volcanic lakes in center‐north Cameroon: Reconciling the stable isotope and chloride mass balance
Authors: Abba Souleyman , Hamelin Bruno , Michelot Jean‐Luc , Garcin Yannick , Deschamps Pierre
Published: June 2023

The Cameroon volcanic line (CVL) hosts numerous volcanic lakes whose internal processes and hydrological functioning remain poorly documented. A detailed understanding of these hydro‐systems is however essential, both for the consideration of these lakes as sentinels of the regional hydro‐climatic changes and for the calibration of palaeoenvironmental proxies. Here, we present a hydrological and geochemical investigation of five of these lakes (Mbalang, Tabere, Tizon, Gegouba and Baledjam) around Ngaoundere on the Adamawa Plateau, based on repeated sampling of water profiles and monthly monitoring of rain and lake water samples over two seasonal cycles. We show that each of these throughflow lakes bears a distinct geochemical and isotopic signature, despite quite similar morphometric characteristics and a common climatic regime, due to varying contribution of the watersheds to the water‐mass balance and different partitioning between evaporation (E) and outflow (Inflow minus E). We use these differences as a benchmark for a sensitivity analysis of the classical budget equations of conservative tracers. The results demonstrate that to reconcile chloride and stable isotope data with the standard single‐box steady state model would require unusual values of the physical parameters of Craig and Gordon's equation such as the n.θ term that would have to be significantly lower than its usual value (n.θ = 0.5). We also show that the data can be simulated more easily by including the inflow from the watershed while assuming that transpiration exceeds evaporation for this compartment. Using this conceptualization of the throughflow lakes, we were able to constrain the different fluxes. Transpiration from the watershed and evaporation from the lake are on the same order of magnitude, or slightly in favour of transpiration. While providing evaporation and transpiration rates which are in general in the right order of magnitude, the system of equations remains underdetermined at this stage. Only direct measurements of the isotopic composition of the atmosphere, possible by laser mass spectrometry, would allow to reduce the range of under‐determination of this problem.
A rare case report of cervical hemangioma and a comprehensive literature review of 137 cases of cervical and uterine hemangiomas
Authors: Farahani Maasomeh , Hashemi Seyyed‐Ali , Goodarzi Sogand , Hajikarimloo Bardia , Pour‐Ghazi Farzad , Noori Shahrzad , Alijani Saba , Khavandegar Armin
Published: June 2023

The cervix of the uterus is a rare site for cavernous hemangiomas. Cervical hemangiomas are slow‐growing tumors with characteristic histological findings, including dilated vessels with increased endothelial cells. Although their pathophysiology remains unclear, hormones are believed to play an important role in the development of these vascular tumors. They may be asymptomatic due to their small size, but they can cause gynecological and obstetrical complications, including abnormal uterine bleeding and impaired fertility. Due to their small size, conservative treatment is the first line of management. Hysterectomy is considered for refractory cases or for patients who are not of childbearing age. In this study, firstly, we presented a case of a 60‐year‐old postmenopausal female without any gynecological‐related signs or symptoms with a polypoid nodule hanging over the anterior cervical wall through its stalk. The surgical biopsy revealed no signs of neoplastic changes, with the only notable finding being a benign vascular lesion representing a cavernous hemangiomatous cervical polyp. The patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy and she is currently healthy without any further abnormal findings. Additionally, we provided a comprehensive review of 137 cases in the literature since 1883, detailing their characteristics, signs and symptoms, and pathology.
Sexual harassment, sexual assault, violence, self‐esteem, and the role of LGBTQ‐specific parental support in a sample of Latinx sexual and gender minority youth
Authors: Abreu Roberto L. , Skidmore Samuel J. , Badio Koree S. , Lefevor G. Tyler , Gattamorta Karina A. , Watson Ryan J.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Oftentimes as result of racism, cissexism, and heterosexism, many Latinx and sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth are victims of sexual harassment, sexual assault, and violence. These experiences of victimization are in part related to increased negative mental health outcomes such as decreased self‐esteem. Some research links LGBTQ‐specific parental support to mental health outcomes among Latinx SGM youth, yet, no research has explored the role of LGBTQ‐specific parental support with self‐esteem among Latinx SGM youth.

Methods

In a sample of 1,012 Latinx SGM youth (ages 13–17), we assessed: (a) associations between sexual harassment, sexual assault, and violence and self‐esteem, (b) association between LGBTQ‐specific parental support and self‐esteem, and (c) whether LGBTQ‐specific parental support moderated the relation between sexual harassment, sexual assault, and violence and self‐esteem. Main effect and moderation analyses examined interactions between LGBTQ‐specific parental support with sexual harassment, sexual assault, and violence on self‐esteem.

Results

Latinx SGM youth experienced low levels of LGBTQ‐specific parental support and various degrees of sexual harassment, sexual assault, and violence. Also, transgender and nonbinary/genderqueer Latinx youth experienced lower self‐esteem than their Latinx cisgender counterparts. Increased LGBTQ‐specific parental support was related to increased self‐esteem. We also identified a significant interaction between sexual harassment, sexual assault, and violence and LGBTQ‐specific parental support, such that parental support was more protective at low levels rather than high levels of sexual harassment, sexual assault, and violence among Latinx SGM youth.

Conclusions

Findings add to a growing body of research about the importance of LGBTQ‐specific parental support for Latinx SGM youth, and the need to examine culturally appropriate approaches to understand parent‐child relationship among these communities.
Child abuse and individual traits related to developmental trajectories of bullying victimization: An integrated, multitheoretical approach
Authors: Cho Sujung , Harper Shannon B.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Adolescents who experience prior victimization such as child abuse within the home and experience low self‐esteem/depression are at higher risk of repetitive bullying victimization when compared to those without such experiences. Recent scholarship has explored growth trajectories of bullying during adolescent development; however, relatively little is known about distinct trajectory patterns of bullying victimization across adolescent development. The current study identifies unobserved subgroups thus capturing the heterogeneity in developmental pathways in bullying victimization.

Method

The current study uniquely utilized a multitheoretical approach to help explain the phenomenon of bullying victimization among a national sample of 2,190 youth in South Korea from 2010 to 2016. Theories tested include the integrated approach of target congruence, lifestyle and routine activities theories (LRAT), and the state dependence and population heterogeneity perspectives. To conduct this analysis, we performed a three‐step latent class growth analysis.

Results

The study revealed three distinct trajectory groups. Korean adolescents who had higher levels of low self‐esteem demonstrated greater odds of belonging to both the early‐onset and decreasing and increasing and late peak groups. Those who had low‐self‐esteem and were depressed demonstrated greater odds of belonging to the early‐onset and decreasing group. Prior experience of child abuse for the early‐onset and decreasing group was fully mediated by the measures of target congruence and lifestyles.

Conclusion

The current study contributes to research on developmental victimization by demonstrating the utility of integrating target congruence variables with lifestyle‐routine activity concepts in explaining heterogeneity.
Physical compensation method for dispersion of multiple materials in swept source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Huang Jiangjie , Fan Jinyu , He Yi , Shi Guohua
Published: June 2023

An ophthalmic swept source‐optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT) system based on a high‐speed scanning laser at 1060 nm with a scanning rate of 100 KHz is constructed. Since the sample arm of the interferometer is comprised of multiple glass materials, the ensuing dispersion severely degrades imaging quality. In this article, second‐order dispersion simulation analysis for various materials was performed first, and dispersion equilibrium was implemented utilizing physical compensation methods. After dispersion compensation, an imaging depth in air of 4.013 mm was achieved in model eye experiments, and signal‐to‐noise ratio was enhanced by 11.6%, with a value of 53.8 dB. In vivo imaging of the human retina was performed to demonstrate structurally distinguishable retinal images, characterized by an axial resolution improvement of 19.8%, with a value of 7.7 μm close to the theoretical value of 7.5 μm. The proposed physical dispersion compensation method enhances imaging performance in SS‐OCT systems, enabling visualization of several low scattering mediums.
Genetic counselors' research dissemination practices and attitudes
Authors: Blanche Emma , Wainstein Tasha , Dey Alivia ,   GenCOUNSEL Study, Elliott Alison M.
Published: June 2023

Benefits have been demonstrated to disseminating aggregate research results to all relevant audiences, including study participants. Despite this, many health researchers face barriers in dissemination to broad audiences and returning aggregate results to participants is not commonly practiced. Due to their research presence and training in communication, genetic counselors can lead in implementing best practices in this area. We explored genetic counselors' current practices and opinions regarding educating study participants and wider audiences of research findings. We distributed a survey of 32 multiple‐choice and open‐ended questions to National Society of Genetics Counselors (NSGC) and Canadian Association of Genetic Counsellors (CAGC) members. Most respondents (90.1%, n = 128/142) identified with a responsibility to disseminate their research findings to a broad audience and identified several associated benefits. All respondents saw value in communicating aggregate results to study participants, although over half (53.2%, n = 66/124) had never done so. Genetic counselors reported resource and knowledge barriers to research dissemination. Despite expertise in education and communication, genetic counselors face similar barriers as other researchers toward broad dissemination of research. Formal training and professional guidelines specific to research dissemination practices will equip genetic counselors to reach broader audiences and maximize the impact of research findings.
Impacts of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and deforestation on extreme rainfall events in the Amazon basin: A multi‐model ensemble‐based study
Authors: Brito A. L. , Veiga J. A. P. , Correia F. S. , Michiles A. A. , Capistrano V. B. , Chou S. C. , Lyra A. , Medeiros G.
Published: June 2023

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) and total deforestation of the Amazon on extreme rainfall events in the Amazon basin. In order to quantify these impacts, numerical experiments were performed with the Eta regional climate model forced from initial and boundary conditions from the BESM, HadGEM2‐ES, and MIROC5 earth system models. In the experiment related to the increase in GHGs, numerical simulations were performed according to the IPCC RCP8.5 scenario. The effect of deforestation was quantified via an experiment in which the forest in the Amazon basin was replaced by areas of degraded pasture in the Eta model. For the analyses of the changes in extreme rainfall events, the multi‐model ensemble technique was used. The results were evaluated in terms of anomalies relative to the sensitivity and control experiments. In the results, it was observed that in an RCP8.5‐type GHG emission scenario there is a statistically significant increase in the maximum number of consecutive days without rain, a reduction in the maximum number of consecutive rainy days, reduction in total annual precipitation, and reduction in maximum annual precipitation accumulated over one and 5 days, respectively. The results for the scenario with increased GHGs and large‐scale deforestation in the Amazon basin are similar to the RCP8.5 scenario, but the intensity of changes in climate indices is significantly greater. It was also verified that the changes in the climatic indices are strongly associated with alterations in the energy balances at the surface and, consequently, in the large‐scale circulation. In general, it can be highlighted that the climate in the Amazon region is strongly dependent on the presence of the forest.