bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using 5WH Competency Questions for Validating Information Retrieval from Al-Quran: A Methodological Approach
Authors: Nazia Nishat  , Rosalina Abdul Salam  , Yusuf Mahbubul Islam  , Zulkifly Mohd Zaki
Published: February 2025

Various methods are used to validate information retrieved (IR) from unstructured text. Measuring the effectiveness of IR systems is an important focus of IR research, based on sample retrieval for testing combined with evaluation measures. Evaluation measures include both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Quantitative measures assess precision, recall, and benchmark scores, while qualitative measures focus on relevance, user satisfaction, and usability. As the quality of information retrieved is of importance to humans, the use of competency questions (CQs) has been introduced, particularly, in the case of information retrieved from Al-Quran - to validate the output. As the design of CQs usually relies on expert support, which can limit usability for general users seeking guidance, this research proposes using basic fact-finding 5WH questions. These are fact finding why, what, how, where, when and who questions. It is proposed to use these as CQs to test the relevance of Verses/Ayats retrieved on the basis of common text-patterns found in Al-Quran. We propose this methodological approach using 5WH CQs to test the competency of retrieved information, focusing on popular concepts like Salat, Zakat, and the Sun. It is found that sample Ayats retrieved on the basis of text-patterns found answer fundamental questions such as WHY? For example, why pray Salat? or why was the Sun created? Results show that this method evaluates the relevance and usability of IR systems. Further work based on repeating text-patterns in the Al-Quran is recommended to test whether this evaluation approach can help ontology learning.
Brain Exercise Secrets A Comprehensive Guide to Graduate Student Development and Academic Research
Authors:   National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China, Liping Gu
Published: February 2025

This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide to graduate student training and academic research for graduate students
and researchers, enhancing their research capabilities, critical thinking, and innovation skills. The article elaborates on
various aspects, including the training programs of research institutions, research methods and objectives, the importance of
literature reviews, the cultivation of research abilities, and the role of supervising professors. It also introduces the essential
elements of academic publications, the research process and timeline, reading skills for journal articles, the essentials of
criticism and innovation, and guidelines for writing dissertations. Through case analyses, it demonstrates how to identify
opportunities for innovation in academic research and provides suggestions for planning, progress, and risk management in
research work. This article is not only applicable to the academic field but can also be widely applied to real-life situations
and work, supporting readers solve problems in their careers and personal lives.
Assessing criteria for casting and deformation suitability of metals and alloys
Authors: Kimstach T. V , Uzlov K. I , Bilyi O. P , Mazorchuk V. F , Repyakh S. I
Published: February 2025

Purpose. Based on existing criteria for predicting the suitability of metals and their alloys for manufacturing products from them by deformation or casting analysis develop a set of dimensionless parametric criteria and their quantitative scales. Their using will allow increasing the predicting accuracy of metals and alloys for their processing by pressure or casting suitability and feasibility.

Methodology. The work uses phenomenological approach to systematic analysis results of metals and alloys mechanical and individual casting properties interpreting under uncertainty conditions, drawing on literature reference data, expert evaluation data and the authors’ own research results. The authors’ own data have been obtained experimentally using standard methods for mechanical properties determining and due to original authors’ method for technical purity metals and alloys based on them cast samples values of their absolutely hindered linear shrinkage determination during casting.

Findings. The authors first proposed parametric dimensionless criteria and scales to them (criteria groups). Their application allows one, through such groups combinations, to assess suitability of any alloy or metal for its use possibility for products manufacturing by casting and/or pressure processing.

Originality. For the first time dimensionless parametric criteria have been developed and proposed for use at initial stages of new alloys or technologies elaboration for products from them manufacturing as well as their quantitative scales for preliminary assessment (prognosis) of alloys processing feasibility by pressure or casting, regardless of their type and method.

Practical value. Developed criteria and their quantitative scales using will allow alloys developers and specialized enterprises employees to save time and expenses both for alloy elaboration and for its implementation into production.
FoSDeT: a new hybrid machine learning model for accurate and fast detection of IoT botnet
Authors: Syamsuddin I , Al-Dabass D
Published: February 2025

Purpose. This study is aimed at introducing a new hybrid machine learning model to enhance the accuracy and speed in detecting botnet attacks in Internet of Things networks. The new model is derived from an integration of decision tree algorithm and feature selection algorithms to produce a novel hybrid machine learning for better performance in IoT botnet detection.

Methodology. The study adopts a six steps research methodology. It consists of dataset collection, dataset preprocessing, applying machine learning, comparing feature selection algorithms, combining both machine learning and feature selection algorithms, and finally comparing the results.

Findings. A novel hybrid machine learning (ML) model called FoSDeT has been obtained as a result of combination of decision tree algorithm and feature selection algorithm called Forward Selection which shows a significant improvement in IoT botnet detection in comparison to standard decision tree model.

Originality. The paper proposes a simple yet powerful hybrid approach which integrates Decision Tree algorithm with two pre-defined feature selection algorithms namely, Forward Selection and Backward Elimination. The new hybrid model called FoSDeT shows a significant enhancement in terms of IoT botnet detection.

Practical value. The hybrid model obtained from this study might be used by IT security practitioners in developing real intrusion detection system for defending IoT networks from botnet attacks.
Increasing Awareness Among Children and Their Parents About Dental Trauma As a Method of Complications Prevention
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine., Chehertma Emir
Published: February 2025

Relevance. Traumatic dental injuries remain a significant issue in dental health, particularly among children. According to statistics, the
global prevalence of dental trauma in the permanent dentition ranges from 18% to 25%. In Ukraine, the prevalence of dental trauma
among all maxillofacial injuries is 18.8%, with an upward trend observed in many regions. The high prevalence of dental trauma in Ukraine
and the significant number of complications caused by the low level of awareness among children, parents, and healthcare providers
highlight the need for informational and preventive measures.
Purpose of the study. To assess the level of awareness among children and their parents regarding dental trauma and identify ways
to improve it.
Materials and methods. A survey involved 41 parents and 3 children aged 14 years and older who sought treatment for dental trauma
at the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry of Bogomolets National Medical University from 2021 to 2024. The questionnaire
covered topics such as first aid, oral hygiene, potential complications, and the timing of seeking medical assistance. Statistical methods
were used for data analysis.
Results. The findings indicate that only 31.7% of respondents understand the importance of receiving first aid within the first 6 hours after
trauma, while almost half (43.9%) reported significantly delayed consultations—24 hours or more after the injury—which contradicts
international recommendations. Only 46.6% of parents possessed accurate or conditionally accurate knowledge about oral hygiene care
for injured teeth. A significant proportion of respondents were unaware of the proper rules for transporting an avulsed tooth, and 36.6%
of children experienced complications due to untimely or incorrect treatment.
Conclusions. The low level of awareness among children and their parents regarding appropriate actions in cases of dental trauma
necessitates the implementation of educational campaigns. Utilizing international experience and adapting informational resources in
Ukraine could reduce the frequency of complications and improve the quality of care for affected children.
Keywords: awareness, complications, child, dental trauma, first aid, prevention, traumatic dental injuries. muscles, muscle-articular
complex, occlusion.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УПРАВЛІННЯ ВЕЛИКОТОННАЖНИМИ СУДНАМИ ПРИ ПРОХОДІ СУЕЦЬКОГО КАНАЛУ
Authors: Клочков Ю.П.
Published: February 2025

У статті розглянуто особливості управління великотоннажними суднами під час проходження Суецького каналу, одного з найважливіших морських шляхів, що з’єднує Середземне та Червоне моря. Проаналізовано технічні, навігаційні та природні виклики, з якими стикаються судноводії, зокрема обмежений простір для маневрування, вплив мілководдя, ефекти гідродинамічної взаємодії, висока парусність контейнеровозів, інтенсивний рух суден, а також несприятливі погодні умови, такі як сильний вітер, густий туман і піщані бурі. Особливу увагу приділено впливу конструктивних характеристик сучасних великотоннажних суден класу Ultra Large Container Ships (ULCS) на керованість в умовах вузьких каналів. Наголошено, що розміри таких суден значно перевищують граничні параметри каналу, що створює додаткові ризики, особливо під час зустрічного руху суден. У статті запропоновано низку рекомендацій для підвищення безпеки навігації. Зокрема, підкреслено необхідність перегляду існуючих правил плавання Суецьким каналом, з чітким розподілом відповідальності між капітаном і лоцманом та впровадженням протоколів дій у надзвичайних ситуаціях. Запропоновано оптимізувати швидкісний режим руху суден, що дозволить зменшити гідродинамічні ризики, та застосовувати буксири для підтримки курсу, особливо у складних погодних умовах. Запропоновано впровадження спеціалізованих математичних моделей для розрахунку оптимальних траєкторій руху з урахуванням усіх ключових факторів: вітрових навантажень, осадки судна, метеорологічних умов та гідродинамічних ефектів. Реалізація цих заходів дозволить мінімізувати ризики аварій, підвищити ефективність судноплавства, забезпечити стабільне функціонування Суецького каналу та зберегти його стратегічне значення у глобальній транспортній системі.
Ключові слова: Суецький канал, судно, судноводій, великотоннажні судна, навігація, управління судном, безпека, судноводіння, маневрування, погодні умови.
АНАЛІЗ ЦИКЛОВОЇ НЕРІВНОМІРНОСТІ ДЛЯ СУДНОВИХ ДИЗЕЛЬНИХ ДВИГУНІВВ РЕЖИМІ РЕАЛЬНОГО ЧАСУ
Authors: Мінчев Д.С. , Варбанець Р.А. , Залож В.І.
Published: February 2025

У дослідженні представлено методологію оцінки рівномірності роботи суднового дизельногодвигуна на основі аналізу параметрів, що розраховуються в режимі реального часу за часовими діаграмами тиску та вібродіаграмами впорскування палива і закриття клапанів. Запропоновано методи експрес-діагностики основних систем двигуна шляхом аналізу серії послідовних робочих циклів. Представлено новий комплексний показник –індекс циклової нерівномірності що забезпечує інтегральну оцінку рівномірності роботи двигуна в режимі реального часу. Для кількісного визначення нерівномірності застосовано дисперсійний аналіз відхилень основних параметрів робочого процесу. Запропоновано критерії оцінки рівномірності процесу впорскування палива та роботи газорозподільного механізму на основі дисперсійного аналізу фронтів вібросигналів. Розроблена методика дозволяє не лише діагностувати нерівномірність робочих циклів, але й оптимізувати налаштування систем двигуна з контролем результатів безпосередньо під час експлуатації. Система діагностики в режимі реального часу забезпечує реєстрацію та обробку сигналів тиску в циліндрі протягом послідовності робочих циклів, що дозволяє виявляти та кількісно оцінювати відмінності параметрів на етапах стиснення та згоряння. Паралельно проводиться числовий аналіз вібродіаграм на ділянках впорскування палива та закриття клапанів. Порівняльний аналіз вібросигналів на етапі стиснення дозволяє виявляти порушення в роботі клапанного механізму, тоді як дослідження вібродіаграм на ділянці згоряння забезпечує діагностику нестабільності функціонування паливної апаратури високого тиску. Практична цінність роботи полягає у створенні комплексної методології оперативної діагностики технічного стану суднового дизельного двигуна, що дозволяє виявляти відхилення в роботі основних систем та своєчасно вживати необхідних коригувальних заходів.
Ключові слова: індекс циклової нерівномірності, дизельний двигун, згоряння палива, робочий процес, діагностика, механізм газорозподілу.
ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ СУЧАСНИХ ПРОПУЛЬСИВНИХ СИСТЕМ: ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ТРАДИЦІЙНИХ ТА АЗИМУТАЛЬНИХ РУШІЇВ В КОНТЕКСТІ ОКЕАНСЬКОГО СУДНОБУДУВАННЯ
Authors: Оберто Сантана Л.Е. , Заєць А.Ю.
Published: February 2025

У статті представлено комплексний аналіз сучасних пропульсивних систем морських суден з акцентом на порівнянні традиційних гвинтових установок та азимутальних рушійних комплексів (азиподів). На основі аналізу експлуатаційних даних, результатів математичного моделювання та досвіду впровадження інтелектуальних систем управління рушіями визначено оптимальні сфери застосування кожного типу рушіїв. Особливу увагу приділено перспективам впровадження азиподів у контексті сучасних вимог до екологічності та енергоефективності морського транспорту. Представлено рекомендації щодо вибору типу пропульсивної системи залежно від призначення та експлуатаційного профілю судна.
Ключові слова: суднові рушії, азиподи, енергоефективність, пропульсивний комплекс, суднобудування, гвинтові системи.
СИСТЕМА ПІДТРИМКИ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ РІШЕНЬ ДЛЯ УПРАВЛІННЯ ОПЕРАЦІЙНИМИ РИЗИКАМИ ПРИ ВАНТАЖНО-РОЗВАНТАЖУВАЛЬНИХ РОБОТАХ У ПОРТАХ
Authors: Хуссейн Ю. М.
Published: February 2025

Метою дослідження є розробка методики оцінки операційних ризиків для її реалізації у системі підтримки прийняття рішень при виконанні вантажно-розвантажувальних робіт у порту в умовах небезпечних ситуацій із судном. Для досягнення мети дослідження розглядаються тільки ті операційні ризики, що зустрічаються під час вантажно-розвантажувальних робіт у портах, що сприяє ефективному управлінню ними. Запропоновано з множини машин, механізмів й обладнання,які використовуються під час вантажно-розвантажувальних робіт у портах, розглянуті лише п’ять типів машин, що найчастіше працюють у подібних ситуаціях. Такими типами обладнання обрані термінальні тягачі, крани Gottwald, портальні крани, механічні укладачі, вилочні навантажувачі. Найбільш суттєвим науковим результатом є застосування методу нечіткого аналізу ієрархії, що дозволило врахувати виявлені ризики, які виникають при роботі розглянутих машин, і ранжувати їх у порядку важливості. Даний метод також застосований для порівняння потенційних ризиків для всіх розглянутих видів обладнання. Встановлені найважливіші ризики, з яким стикається кожен вид досліджуваного обладнання. Запропоновані запобіжні заходи, які відповідають кращим практикам, що дозволить зменшити шкідливі наслідків для кожного ризику, описаного для конкретного виду обладнання. Відповідно до порядку важливості розрахованих ризиків доведено, що ризик виникнення пожежі або вибуху при заправці розглянутих видів машин є найбільш критичним ризиком,що спостерігається. Розроблений підхід та отримані за запропонованою методикою управління операційними ризиками машин й обладнання, що використовуються в вантажно-розвантажувальних роботах, результати фактично є формально-логічним апаратом, який застосовується у системі підтримки прийняття рішень для реагування на небезпечні стани зі судном у порту.
Ключові слова: судноводіння, безпека судноводіння, система підтримки прийняття рішень, вантажно-розвантажувальні роботи, судно, ситуація, обстановка, управління судном, порт, прийняття рішень, безпека, ризик, машина.
Edukasi Infeksi Saluran Kemih Pada Ibu PKK Di Desa Temayang, Kerek, Tuban
Authors: Fauziansyah Ahmad , Fahrul Arifin Mohammad , Ubaidillah Faqih Moh. , Karyo  , Wahdini Rizqa
Published: February 2025

Health problems are increasing along with the development of diseases. One of them is Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). UTI is a condition where bacteria or microbes grow and multiply in the urinary tract in significant numbers. Generally, UTI is divided into two types: lower UTI and upper UTI. Lower UTI is more common, usually occurring due to bacteria entering through the urethra. Several factors can cause UTI, including age, gender, medication use, catheterization, urinary habits, genital hygiene, and other predisposing factors. In general, women experience UTI episodes more frequently than men, with 20-30% of women experiencing recurrent UTIs. Neonates, adolescent girls, and elderly women are particularly susceptible. The prevalence of UTI in Indonesia is relatively high, with around 180,000 new cases per year. Diagnosis of UTI is based on bacterial count, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative bacteria. Prevention efforts are crucial, especially through health education targeting women. This study aims to educate PKK mothers in Temayang Village about UTI to increase awareness and prevention practices. PKK is a grassroots development movement aimed at achieving family welfare, involving community education and empowerment. The implementation involves a 5-table method with registration, consumption, audience, operator, and MC tables, focusing on UTI education and prevention. Such socialization activities are essential to enhance community knowledge and awareness in preventing and managing health issues like UTIs through education, discussion, and practical tips on clean and healthy living practices.
BIRC5 Is a Potential Biomarker Associated with Immune System Infiltration in Glioma
Authors: Yang Xitong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Duan Fuhui , Li Siying , Wang Guangming
Published: February 2025

Objective : Baculovirus inhibitory of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) is critically implicated in various types of tumors. However, the specific mechanisms by which it operates in glioma are yet to be fully understood.Methods : The data sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus were merged and analyzed using the R software to investigate the relationship between BIRC5 expression and prognosis and diagnosis outcomes. This exploration was conducted utilizing various biological information repositories. The correlation between BIRC5 and immunity was obtained based on TIMER and TISIDB databases.Results : Gliomas displayed a markedly elevated level of BIRC5 expression compared to adjacent tissues. Patients with glioma who exhibit elevated levels of BIRC5 experience poorer prognoses and shorter survival times. Subgroup classification further revealed that heightened expression of BIRC5 led to diminished overall survival. Analysis of logistic regression and COX indicated that expression of BIRC5 serves as a risk factor in glioma development. Functional enrichment pathways showed that the 72 hub genes related to BIRC5 were mainly closely related to nuclear division, spindle, tubulin binding, and cell cycle in glioma patients. BBIRC5 methylation suggested that BIRC5 might influence the immune response regulation and the tumor microenvironment within gliomas. BIRC5 is associated with many chemicals. Additionally, studies conducted using cell experiments and pathological sections have consistently shown that BIRC5 expression is higher in tumor cells compared to normal cells and tissues.Conclusion : BIRC5 holds promise as a valuable tool in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of gliomas.
Természetismereti, környezettudatos és irodalmi nevelés integrációja gyermek- és ifjúsági irodalom alkalmazásával alsó tagozatos tanítók gyakorlatában
Authors: Szabó Ildikó , Bódis-Nagy Franciska
Published: February 2025

A Nemzeti alaptanterv jelenlegi magyarországi szabályozása szerint a természettudományos nevelést a magyar nyelv és irodalom területére kell beágyazni, a szövegértést és ismeretbővítést célzó tájékoztató szövegek feldolgozásával az általános iskola első két évfolyamán. A környezetismeret tanítása a harmadik évfolyamon kezdődik, és az első és második évfolyamon a technika és tervezés, a magyar nyelv és irodalom, a vizuális kultúra, a matematika és az etika tantárgyak keretében a technika és tervezés, a magyar nyelv és irodalom, a vizuális kultúra és az etika tantárgyak fejlesztésére és tevékenységére épül. A 2023/2024-es tanévben lezárult a Nemzeti alaptanterv előírásait követő 1–4. évfolyamos általános iskolai oktatás első ciklusa, így a tanulmány célja annak vizsgálata, hogy a fent említett közoktatási szabályozás hogyan hatott az 1–4. évfolyamon a mindennapi iskolai gyakorlatra, különös tekintettel arra, hogy a természettudományos tartalmak bevezetésével hogyan változott az irodalomtanítás tartalma; van-e lehetőségük a gyakorló pedagógusoknak arra, hogy a tanulókat a természethez, a környezetismerethez, a környezetvédelemhez és a teremtett világhoz kapcsolódó szépirodalmi művekkel megismertessék a választható olvasmányok révén, illetve, hogy a pedagógusok mennyire ismerik az ilyen témájú kortárs, a tanulók korosztályának megfelelő irodalmat. Jelen tanulmány egy empirikus, kis mintán (74 válaszadó) végzett kérdőíves felmérés eredményeit mutatja be arról, hogy a gyakorló, 1–4. osztályos tanítók a választható olvasmányok tanórai alkalmazása során figyelmet fordítanak-e az irodalmi nevelés és a természettudományos nevelés összekapcsolására.
The Historical Context of Saunders v Vautier
Authors: Lupoi Maurizio , Graziadei Michele
Published: February 2025

Anyone approaching the study of the English law of trusts comes across “the rule in Saunders v Vautier”, named after the 1841 decision of the Court of Chancery in which it is currently assumed that it was laid down. In its narrowest form, the rule provides that the beneficiary of a trust of shares and their dividends, which is to take effect “when” the beneficiary reaches the age of majority, with no gift over, is entitled to have the shares transferred to him as soon as he comes of age. The effect of the implementation of the rule is to terminate the trust, notwithstanding the settlor's contrary intention, which is simply overridden.

In this article we intend to show that a distinction between two meanings of “when” in testamentary dispositions underpinned the rule: a conditional meaning and a dispositive meaning. That distinction was taken from the jurisprudence of the spiritual courts in England, based on a development of Roman law sources in the European ius commune which then found its way into the French and other civil law codes. Academic writings have ignored this side of the story, which is highly relevant from a comparative law perspective.
Nikah-Halala in India: Practice, Precept, and Perception
Authors: Imran Mohd
Published: February 2025

Under Islamic law, nikah is a strong covenant between the husband (mohsin) and the wife (mohsina). The Qur’an obligates a Muslim husband to protect and keep his wife with dignity or set her free. In India, Muslim marriage has become a basis for legal battles on triple talaq (unilateral oral divorce by Muslim husband), polygamy, and nikah-halala. As petitions challenging the constitutionality of nikah-halala are pending before the Supreme Court of India, this article analyses the legality of nikah-halala considering the Qur’an, hadith, and opinion of scholars. This article, first, conceptualises the term ‘nikah-halala’ based on how it is practiced in India and seeks to examine the interpretations by the secular courts, common law scholars and ulema (Islamic scholars). While Muslim Personal Law (MPL) draws from Qur’anic principles and Sunnah, its application in contemporary India is influenced by colonial and postcolonial legislations, secular court judgments, and scholarly interpretations. This article, secondly, delves into the complex interplay between religious tradition, and colonial and postcolonial legacies in shaping MPL in India, with a particular focus on the contentious issue of nikah-halala. Ultimately, this article advocates for a nuanced understanding of MPL, grounded in religious tenets yet responsive to contemporary legal and constitutional imperatives. It concludes with recommendations for reconciling religious tradition with constitutional principles, fostering equitable outcomes for Muslim women in India.
Evaluation of FeMnN alloy bioresorbable flow diverters in the rabbit elastase induced aneurysm model
Authors: Oliver Alexander A. , Bilgin Cem , Cortese Jonathan , Bayraktar Esref A. , Dai Daying , Ding Yong Hong , Carlson Kent D. , Griebel Adam J. , Schaffer Jeremy E. , Connon Mitchell L. , Dragomir-Daescu Dan , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Guillory Roger J. , Kallmes David F.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Flow diverters are specialized stents used to treat intracranial aneurysms. Bioresorbable flow diverters (BRFDs) have been proposed as the next-generation of flow diverter technology. BRFDs aim to occlude and heal the aneurysm before safely dissolving into the body, mitigating complications associated with the permanent presence of conventional flow diverters. We previously prototyped BRFDs using an iron-manganese-nitrogen (FeMnN) alloy and demonstrated their flow diversion functionality, radial strength, bioresorbability, and MRI compatibility in benchtop tests. In the current work, we investigated their aneurysm occlusion efficacy in vivo.

Methods

Elastase induced aneurysms were created in seven rabbits and BRFDs were deployed over the aneurysms for 3 months. Aneurysm occlusion efficacy and the biological response was assessed via angiography, gross dissection microscopy, and histology.

Results

The BRFDs failed to occlude the aneurysms in 5/7 rabbits at the 3-month endpoint. The bioresorbable wires appeared to resorb too rapidly and fragment away from the aneurysm neck prior to becoming entirely encased in tissue and completely occluding the aneurysm. In 3/7 rabbits, some FeMnN wires remained over the aneurysm neck that were encased in tissue, partially covering the aneurysm neck. Histological analysis revealed that the wires, when present, were a suitable substrate over which tissue could develop. Therefore, we attribute the poor aneurysm occlusion efficacy to mechanical failure rather than an impaired biological healing response.

Conclusion

The FeMnN BRFDs degraded too rapidly to effectively treat the rabbit elastase induced aneurysms. Future work will focus on developing BRFDs out of materials with a delayed resorption rate.
Biology and pharmacological inhibition of homeodomain-interacting protein kinases
Authors: Štefek Adam , Paruch Kamil
Published: February 2025

Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) represent a relatively underexplored sub-family of serine/threonine protein kinases. However, the recently published studies point to the role of HIPKs in the developmental biology and etiology of pathological states, in particular cancer, and potential therapeutic applications of targeting this kinase family. This review summarizes the biology of HIPKs and their heretofore published small-molecule inhibitors.
Facile synthesis of CsPbBr3 perovskite for improved stability and luminescence behavior in an aquatic environment
Authors: Wei Xianqi , Lu Jiayi , Zhang Silong , Tang Jiashu , Wu Shichao , Lv Tengbo , Wang Xiaoli
Published: February 2025

CsPbBr3 (CPB) perovskite has demonstrated unique advantages as a photoelectric material. However, its stability and optoelectronic properties exhibit significantly susceptibility to environmental conditions during practical applications. Additionally, the synthesis of CPB often involves complex procedures and stringent requirements for the experimental environment, resulting in low yield. In this study, we employed an aqueous-phase synthesis method to incorporate strontium into CPB, aiming to enhance the long-term stability of the perovskite in aqueous solutions. And the introduction of strontium (Sr) is expected to improve the photoluminescent properties of the perovskite. The results demonstrate that the synthesized perovskite remains stable in aqueous solution for up to 264 h, with enhanced photoluminescence intensity and a blue shift attributed to the incorporation of strontium. This approach significantly increases the potential value of CPB perovskite for applications in optoelectronic materials and devices.
Global research trends in the intestinal microflora and depression: bibliometrics and visual analysis
Authors: Xu Qian , Xiang Qingwei , Tan Zihu , Yang Qiong
Published: February 2025

Background

In recent years, the relationship between gut microbiota and human health has garnered significant attention. Notably, the potential connection between gut microbiota and mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety, has emerged as a new focal point for research. While some studies suggest a possible link between these factors, the field remains in its early stages of development, and there are notable methodological and sample size limitations.

Purpose

This study aims to systematically summarize the knowledge systems, research hotspots, and development trends related to intestinal microflora within the context of depression research.

Methods

This study conducted a search for publications related to intestinal microflora and depression in the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) prior to August 6, 2024. The selected literature was subsequently analyzed using VOSviewer (v.1.6.20), SCImago Graphica (v.1.0.39), and CiteSpace (v.6.3.1).

Results

The study encompassed a total of 1,046 publications, demonstrating a consistent increase in annual publication volume. The primary research countries identified are China and the United States, with notable contributions from institutions such as the University of California and University College Cork, among others. Keywords analysis highlighted high-frequency terms including “gut microbiota,” “depression,” and “anxiety,” and revealed 10 keyword clusters along with 20 strongest citation bursts keywords. The focus of research has shifted from compositional analysis of gut microbiota to its role in the pathogenesis of depression.

Conclusions

Research on gut microbiota and depression is growing, but there is still a need for greater collaboration between authors and institutions across regions, more ongoing interaction and communication to further explore the mechanisms of action of gut microbiota, to develop microbiota-based interventions, and to facilitate translation of research findings into clinical practice.
Management of acute coronary syndrome in resource-limited set up: a summary of 4-year review of two hospitals in Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Dejene Atinafu , Woyimo Tamirat Godebo , Geleta Megersa Negesa , Chiri Seifu Bacha , Asefa Elsah Tegene , Tukeni Kedir Negesso
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Acute coronary syndrome refers to a group of diseases characterized by sudden, decreased blood supply to the heart muscle that results in cell death, also known as acute myocardial infarction. This results in severe chest pain or discomfort, with the subsequent release of cardiac biomarkers, and alterations in the electrocardiogram. It can cause diminished heart function and mortality if not treated properly with suitable measures. Despite the fact that percutaneous coronary intervention is the standard of care in one subset of acute coronary syndrome, significant number of patients were treated medically due to the limited service in the setting. The purpose of this study was to look at the patterns of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), as well as the management and outcomes of these patients in two Ethiopian tertiary institutions.

Methods

A four-year retrospective study was undertaken on 308 patients with acute coronary syndrome, at two tertiary hospitals located in Ethiopia's capital-Addis Ababa.

Results and Discussion

Of the 308 patients 72.4% were male, with the average age of 56.3 ± 13.5 years. Hypertension and diabetes were the two most common risk factors identified. The average time to present to the emergency room after symptom onset was 3.7 (SD ± 3.2) days. The majority of patients (67.9%) have been diagnosed with ST- Elevated Myocardial Infarction and were classified as Killip class I. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention was performed for 12.3% of patients, with the remaining receiving medical care. The average hospital stay was 8.51 (SD ± 7.2) days while In-hospital mortality was 8.8%. Tachycardia of >140 (AOR = 7.50, 95% CI: 1.36, 41.57), any degree of left ventricular dysfunction, Killip class IV (AOR = 6.03, 95% CI: 1.27, 28.61), and non-initiation of betablockers (AOR = 0.17,95% CI: 0.05, 0.63) were significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality.
Validation of markerless video-based gait analysis using pose estimation in toddlers with and without neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey T. , Stenum Jan , Roemmich Ryan T. , Wilson Rujuta B.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The onset of locomotion is a critical motor milestone in early childhood and increases engagement with the environment. Toddlers with neurodevelopmental disabilities often have atypical motor development that impacts later outcomes. Video-based gait analysis using pose estimation offers an alternative to standardized motor assessments which are subjective and difficult to ascertain in some populations, yet very little work has been done to determine its accuracy in young children. To fill this gap, this study aims to assess the feasibility and accuracy of pose estimation for gait analysis in children with a range of developmental levels.

Methods

We analyzed the overground gait of 112 toddlers (M: 30 months, SD: 8 months) with and without developmental disabilities using the ProtoKinetics Zeno Walkway system. Simultaneously recorded videos were processed in OpenPose to perform pose estimation and a custom MATLAB workflow to calculate average spatiotemporal gait parameters. Pearson correlations were used to compare OpenPose with the Zeno Walkway for velocity, step length, and step time. A Bland-Altman analysis (difference vs. average) was used to assess the agreement between methodologies and determine the difference of means. Developmental levels were assessed using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning.

Results

Our analysis included children with autism (n = 77), non-autism developmental concerns (n = 6), tuberous sclerosis complex (n = 13), 22q deletion (n = 1), and typical development (n = 15). Mullen early learning composite scores ranged from 49 to 95 (m = 80.91, sd = 26.68). Velocity (r = 0.87, p < 0.0001), step length (r = 0.79, p < 0.0001), and step time (r = 0.96, p < 0.0001) were all highly correlated between OpenPose and the Zeno Walkway, with an absolute difference of means of 0.04 m/s, 0.03 m, and 0.01 s, respectively.

Discussion

Our results suggest that video-based gait analysis using pose estimation is accurate in toddlers with a range of developmental levels. Video-based gait analysis is low cost and can be implemented for remote data collection in natural environments such as a participant's home. These advantages open possibilities for using repeated measures to increase our knowledge of how gait ability changes over time in pediatric populations and improve clinical screening tools, particularly in those with neurodevelopmental disabilities who exhibit motor impairments.
Semi-analytical solution of frost heave force for circular tunnels in strain-softening rock mass
Authors: Shi Linpo , Xing Meng , Wang Pengyu , Wang Kai , Cao Xiaowei , Liu Hui
Published: February 2025

The freezing method is often adopted to reinforce the surrounding formation during deep foundation pit excavations. According to the traditional theory of freezing wall design in coal mine construction engineering, it is necessary to design a continuous, thicker freezing wall. The multi-turn combination cylinder freezing wall structure can optimize the freezing design, but the strength and stability of the wall structure are theoretical and technical issues that urgently need to be researched and solved. In this work, the mechanical characteristics of frozen walls of multi-coil composite cylinders are analyzed using theoretical methods. Based on the elastoplastic theory, the freezing wall of a multi-turn combined cylinder is simplified to an axisymmetric plane problem, and the theoretical calculation model of the freezing expansion force, generated by the freezing process, around the perimeter of a circular hole under an axisymmetric plane strain model is developed. The corresponding variable model for the displacement immobility point of the freezing circle is proposed, and the progressive formation of the freezing wall is achieved through iterative calculations. The theoretical calculation formulas for the freezing force generated by the freezing process around a circular hole under the plane strain model are derived considering the gradual formation process of freezing expansion. The results of the research provide the theoretical basis for the construction of permafrost deep foundation pit engineering.
Fine exploration and green development of ion-adsorption type REE deposits in South China using multi-geophysical technology
Authors: Tao Jian-Li , Deng Yi-Chao , Ye Dong-Xu , Chen Bin-Feng , Zhou Yao , Zhong Jian-Guo , Wang Xu , Wang Wei
Published: February 2025

For a long time, the exploitation of ion-adsorption type rare earth (REE) deposits in the southern Jiangxi Province of China have been accompanied by ecological and environmental damage, making the search for green and efficient mining solutions particularly important. Currently, in-situ leaching is the main mining technique used for ion-adsorption REE deposits. Before employing this technique, it is imperative to thoroughly investigate the geological mining conditions. Environmental damage caused by the failure to do so, low recovery rates of the original liquor, and secondary geological disasters pose serious challenges to green and efficient mining operations. In this work, microtremor surveying technology was introduced in the Kaizidong mining area in southern Jiangxi Province to refine exploration of the subsurface stratigraphy. By utilizing the wave velocity discontinuity interfaces at 350 m/s and 500 m/s, the layers of the rare earth mine is accurately delineated, including the completely weathered layer, the semi-weathered layer, and the bedrock, providing a critical basis for in-situ leaching mining. Subsequently, high-density resistivity method was employed to monitor and measure the flow direction of the original liquor. After the apparent resistivity of the two observational profiles stabilized, they decreased by 57.77% and 63.25%, respectively. Using the variations in resistivity to infer the distribution of the original liquor and simulate its flow direction, the injection and recovery system was adjusted in a timely manner to eliminate potential safety hazards during mining. The exploration of a combined geophysical method of microtremor detection and high-density electrical method has enabled the establishment of a geological model for the entire mine’s subsurface structure, guiding the in-situ leaching mining process of ion-adsorption REE mines towards an economic, efficient, and green development.
An increase in educator expectations of student character growth during participation in a community of practice
Authors: Mucinskas Daniel , Clark Shelby , Barendsen Lynn , Gardner Howard
Published: February 2025

Character education is a priority for many schools and teachers, with several prominent frameworks concerning the philosophy and practice of character and virtues in the field of education. Educators are often prepared to teach character through training programs and professional development. Yet there has been less attention to the possible role of Communities of Practice (COPs) in fostering teacher effectiveness, particularly for the encouragement of character development in adolescents. In a study of a global community of practice, 80 primarily secondary school educators were responsible for implementing a set of at least twelve 45-min lesson plans. The lessons were focused on exploring the meaning of “good work” through the lenses of excellence, ethics, and engagement, with associated character strengths embedded within the curriculum. Educators rated their feelings about whether their students would develop each of the 24 VIA character strengths in a pre-, mid-, and post-survey. They also completed a post-survey rating scale about their experiences in the Community of Practice. Two multilevel models were run to analyze the relationship between these two factors. Results demonstrated that educators who rated their Community of Practice experience highly were also more likely to believe that their students were developing a blend of character strengths from the start. Furthermore, for some additional strengths, educator confidence in students’ development grew significantly over time in a positive association with higher Community of Practice ratings. The findings suggest that Communities of Practice may be an effective format to support educators in developing their confidence and teaching practices for character education.
Digital technologies in the classrooms in the last decade (2014–2023): a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Alam Talha Mahboob , Stoica George Adrian , Sharma Kshitij , Özgöbek Özlem
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Digital technologies are widely integrated with teaching and learning, and examining these technological interventions in the classrooms has become an active research area. Existing reviews are often constrained, relying on qualitative methods like meta-analysis, scoping review, or systematic review, which tend to cover a limited number of studies. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of 1,128 articles published between 2014 and 2023 from the Web of Science database to provide a comprehensive overview of this field.

Methods

This study used Biblioshiny and VOSviewer tools to perform performance analysis and scientific mapping. In this study, performance analysis was performed, including descriptive statistics, publication trends, and identification of key actors. Furthermore, scientific mapping has also been done to visualize the prevalent structural aspects and hot research topics to observe the evolving dynamics over the past 10 years.

Results

The findings indicate a significant rise in publications over the past decade, with an annual growth of 21.5 per cent. We identified prolific authors, institutions, journals, countries, articles, and keywords that encapsulate the domain of digital technologies in the classrooms. The prospective challenges were also identified, including a need for a more technology-driven culture, limited teacher assistance, user interface design issues, proper training, and a technological divide.

Discussion

The findings could encourage the use of digital technologies in the classrooms and offer insights for policymakers to (re)allocate resources. Furthermore, this work is valuable for informing scholars and practitioners about the current state of research, helping them to identify and focus on trending topics when deciding which areas to explore.
Elevated body roundness index increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in Chinese patients with circadian syndrome
Authors: Zhang Fenglin , Shi Wenhua , Wen Jingwei , Cao Haiming , Xu Wenjing , Lan Taohua , Jiang Wei , Chen Xiankun , Lu Weihui
Published: February 2025

Objective

The body roundness index (BRI) and circadian syndrome (CircS) are considered new risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet it remains uncertain whether elevated BRI is associated with CVD incidence in CircS patients. In this study, we investigated the association between BRI and CVD occurrence among CircS participants.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 8,888 participants aged ≥45 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2011-2020 wave). CircS was evaluated with a combination of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) MetS, along with short sleep duration and depression. The threshold for CircS was established at ≥4. In the first phase, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the accuracy of diagnosing CircS according to baseline BRI. During the 9-year follow-up, the associations between BRI and CVD incidence in CircS patients were explored by employing logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and subgroup analysis.

Results

BRI demonstrated an independent association with CircS, and multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic spline analyses suggested “J-shaped” associations between BRI and risk of CircS. BRI demonstrated better diagnostic performance in diagnosing CircS compared to general obesity indices such as ABSI (AUC: 0.617), BMI (AUC: 0.746), and WC (AUC: 0.722), with an AUC of 0.760. After a 9-year follow-up, BRI was found to be independently associated with the occurrence of CVD in CircS patients, and the associations between incident CVD and the second, third, and fourth BRI quartiles were 1.30 (95% CI: 0.99~1.69), 1.32 (95% CI: 1.01~1.72), and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.21~2.08), respectively, relative to the first BRI quartile. Then, we assessed the relationship between other obesity indices and the CVD occurrence, and likewise observed a significant effect in the fourth quartile.

Conclusion

BRI was independently associated with CircS, outperforming obesity indices such as BMI and WC in identifying individuals with CircS. During the 9-year follow-up, elevated BRI levels was significantly associated with CVD incidence among CircS patients, especially in men. Thus, early identification of high-risk populations with CircS and elevated BRI levels may help promote healthy aging among middle-aged and elderly individuals.