bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Platinum Metal Alloys in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Brooman E. W. , Hoar T. P.
Published: February 2024

A systematic study of the electrochemical behaviour of platinum alloyed with other platinum metals has not previously been attempted. Some recent research directed to this end is briefly reported here, and shows the enhanced electrocatalytic activity of the alloys studied compared with bright platinum itself for the electrochemical reduction and evolution of oxygen in acid solution.
The Manufacture of Nitric Acid
Authors: Connor H.
Published: February 2024

Nitric acid production by the oxidation of ammonia on platinum gauzes constitutes one of the world’s major chemical industries. In this article the author outlines some of the principal features of this process, and describes in some detail the chemical reaction taking place at the platinum surface. He also discusses the changes that occur in the gauze leading to metal loss during operation. Handling and repairing the gauzes on a plant site and platinum dust recovery by filters are among other aspects of interest to plant operators with which the author deals.
Carbonyl Complexes of Osmium
Authors: Bradford, C. W.
Published: February 2024

The study of the carbonyls of most of the platinum metals has led to the preparation of a whole series of new complexes, some of which have potential usefulness in the field of homogeneous catalysis. In the case of osmium carbonyls, however, research has so far been hampered by difficulties in their preparation. The new method of preparation described here now makes it possible to investigate the chemistry of osmium complexes along the same lines.
Electron Configuration and Crystal Structure of Platinum Metal Alloys
Authors: Darling A. S.
Published: February 2024

The platinum metals react with some of their closer neighbours in the Periodic Table to produce intermediate phases of high stability. While this behaviour tends to confirm some of the predictions made by protagonists of the Engel-Brewer theory of alloying, the general validity of this theory is still a matter of vigorous controversy. In this article some of the conflicting opinions that have been advanced are reviewed and discussed.
Platinum-clad Equipment for Handling Molten Glass
Authors: Darling A. S.
Published: February 2024

Under normal conditions platinum-clad molybdenum equipment used in the glass industry eventually fails because of a vapour phase reaction in which molybdenum is transferred to the platinum envelope across a partly evacuated void. In this article, based on a paper recently delivered at the joint meeting of the British Ceramic Society and the Society of Glass Technology in Sheffield in April, it is shown that metal transfer can be largely inhibited by keeping the partial pressure of oxygen in the interfacial volume at a very low level, and practical methods of achieving this objective are discussed.
Nitrogen Complexes of the Platinum Metals
Authors: Chatt Joseph
Published: February 2024

The discovery three years ago of the first well-defined complex compound containing the nitrogen molecule – a complex of ruthenium – aroused great interest in such compounds and in their relation to nitrogen fixation. Since then a number of other nitrogen complexes have been obtained, but as yet, despite reports to the contrary, attempts to reduce their nitrogen to ammonia have been unsuccessful. In this article the author, who is Director of the Agricultural Research Council ‘s Unit of Nitrogen Fixation, puts into perspective the considerable amount of work now being done in this field, which may eventually point the way to a mechanism by which atmospheric nitrogen may be fixed and then reduced to yield ammonia and, for example, amines for the plastics industry.
Ammine Complexes of Ruthenium
Authors: Lever F. M.
Published: February 2024

Ammines not previously described, and simple routes to others which have earlier been difficult to prepare, have been discovered as a result of the isolation of the bivalent ruthenium ammine hexammineruthenium(II) chloride and a study of its reactions. Certain of these compounds could have commercial significance, for example in electrodeposition or in the production of supported catalysts.
The Search for Alternatives to Rhodium-Platinum Alloys
Authors: Darling A. S.
Published: February 2024

Extensive investigations of the high temperature strength and ductility of a number of platinum and palladium alloys have not yielded a successful replacement for the rhodium-platinum alloys so widely used in applications involving high stress, although they have indicated several alloys with economic possibilities at intermediate temperatures.
Coupled Reduction with Platinum Group Metals
Authors: Berndt U. , Erdmann B. , Keller C.
Published: February 2024

Very pure metals of the actinide, lanthanide and alkaline earth series can be prepared from their oxides by coupled reduction by hydrogen in the presence of platinum group metals. During the process the platinum group metals form intermetallic phases with the metals from the oxides. These phases are decomposed to yield the pure metals in gaseous form and the platinum group metals in solid form. The pure gaseous metals condense to produce pure solid specimens.
The On-Site Production of Hydrogen
Authors: Philpott J. E
Published: February 2024

The established commercial techniques for producing pure hydrogen are not always practicable when relatively small quantities of the gas are required at remote locations. This paper describes the development of a robust mobile generator, required for meteorological purposes by the military, which can readily be adapted for commercial use and which can operate in extreme climatic conditions.
Iridium Compounds in Homogeneous Hydrogenation
Authors: Crabtree Robert H.
Published: February 2024

Iridium is generally considered to be a less effective catalyst than the other platinum metals but when highly co-ordinatively unsaturated species of it are prepared they appear to be exceptionally active hydrogenation catalysts, even for reduction of sterically hindered olefins. A mechanism for this reaction has been postulated based on low temperature magnetic resonance evidence. As the reaction proceeds, catalytically inactive hydrogen bridged cluster compounds are formed but work is in progress to counter this deactivation by physically separating the catalytic centres on a polymer support.
The Structure of Catalyst Gauzes after Hydrogen Cyanide Production
Authors: Knapton A. G.
Published: February 2024

During hydrogen cyanide production by the Andrussow process considerable redistribution of the surface of the rhodium-platinum gauze catalyst occurs, resulting in the formation of a porous mass of well-faceted metal crystallites. The phenomenon is illustrated in this paper, and some possible mechanisms to account for its formation are discussed.
Catalytic Combustion Applied to Gas Turbine Technology
Authors: Enga B. E. , Thompson D. T.
Published: February 2024

The emissions produced by gas turbine engines driven by catalytic combustion can contain significantly lower levels of noxious gases than those exhausted from conventional flame fired engines. The research reported here has demonstrated that efficient power generation, combined with minimum noxious emission, can be achieved by utilising metal supported platinum catalyst combustion systems specifically designed to ensure maximum compatibility with the engine models they are to power. A number of important applications for these systems are suggested.
Platinum-Enriched Superalloys
Authors: Corti C. W. , Coupland D. R. , Selman G. L.
Published: February 2024

At the International Conference on the Behaviour of High Temperature Alloys in Aggressive Environments, held in October at Petten in the Netherlands under the sponsorship of Bond voor Materialenkennis, NL, the Commission of the European Communities Joint Research Centre, Petten Establishment, and the U.K. Metals Society, recent developments in the application of high temperature materials were reported. This paper is based upon a presentation made at the conference and describes the concept of using platinum group metals as alloying constituents in new nickel-based superalloys. The alloys developed have considerably enhanced resistance to oxidation and corrosion in aggressive environments at high temperatures, and also exhibit mechanical properties which are equal, and sometimes superior, to their conventional counterparts.
The Palladium-Hydrogen System
Authors: Lewis F. A.
Published: February 2024

This article completes the review of the relationship between equilibrium pressure and composition, which was started in the first part of the paper, before going on to consider some other aspects of the hydrogen-palladium system.
Justus Erich Bollmann and Francisco Antonio Zea
Authors: Chaldecott John A.
Published: February 2024

The activities of the German-born physician Justus Erich Bollmann in securing a supply of Colombian platinum ore for the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston is traced from the time Bollmann settled in London in 1816. An account is also given of Bollmann’s efforts in 1820 and 1821 to obtain for sale on the London market some 40,000 pounds of platinum from the Government of the then newly established Republic of Colombia, efforts which involved negotiations with, and financial advances made to, the first Vice-President of that Republic, Don Francisco Antonio Zea.
Electrochromic Iridium Oxides
Authors: Burke L. D. , Scannell R. A.
Published: February 2024

The recent development of potential cycling procedures for producing relatively thick hydrous noble metal oxide layers, plus the introduction of sputtering techniques for laying down such films on other substrates such as conducting glass, has added an important new dimension to the study of noble metal oxidation. Differences in composition, apparent density and redox behaviour between the hydrous and anhydrous layers are discussed here with particular reference to the iridium oxide system. Commercial applications that may result from its electrochromic activity are also considered.
Controlling Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Industrial Sources
Authors: Harrison B. , Diwell A. F. , Wyatt M.
Published: February 2024

The pollution problem known as acid rain has focused attention on the need to control all major sources of contributing emissions. The use of platinum metal catalysts to control automobile exhaust gases is now well developed but in fact over half the man-made nitrogen oxides exhausted into the atmosphere are emitted from sources other than vehicles, and include power station boilers, industrial boilers and stationary internal combustion engines. Several methods may be used to prevent these emissions, and platinum catalysts, either alone or in combination with one or more of the base metal catalysts currently used, appear to have considerable potential for this application.
Thermodynamic Assessment of Platinum Group Metal Systems
Authors: Taylor J. R.
Published: February 2024

Phase diagrams of alloy systems provide essential guidance for designers, metallurgists and engineers involved in the manufacture of metal products. This paper considers the use of computer-based methods of assessment of phase diagrams in two-component systems. Both thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data are used in the analysis to provide a final data set which is as consistent as possible with all the available experimental information. The treatment of the copper-platinum and copper-rhodium systems is described. While this optimisation method is often able to resolve problems within the binary system, the major advantage lies in allowing the estimation of properties in ternary and higher order systems.
Catalysts for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Cameron D. S.
Published: February 2024

Phosphoric acid fuel cells are approaching commercial reality, especially in the United States of America and Japan. Without exception they are catalysed by platinum-containing catalysts; in view of the probable future development of such cells and the predicted size of the market for them it is necessary to consider the availability of platinum for this purpose. This article is based, in part, upon a paper presented at an international workshop on trends in research and applications of fuel cells, which was organised by Unesco in co-operation with the Commission of the European Communities, held at Ravello, Italy, during June. It examines the scale of this potential requirement against a background of existing applications of the metal and the way in which it will be used and recycled. Having discussed some recent developments it concludes that supplies will be adequate to meet even the most optimistic projections of fuel cell market penetration.
The Development and Application of Palladium Contact Materials
Authors: Antler M.
Published: February 2024

Palladium-based contact materials are replacing gold finishes on the contacts of many separable connectors used in telecommunications systems in the United States of America due to their lower cost. Before this was possible, however, methods had to be developed for: inhibiting the corrosive attack of palladium by certain chlorine-containing compounds in the atmosphere, retarding the formation of insulating frictional polymers on palladium, and improving its wear resistance. Also, improved manufacturing techniques for palladium contact materials were necessary. An alloy, clad 60 per cent palladium-40 per cent silver having a small amount of gold diffused into its near surface region, and a new palladium electroplating process which is used with a thin gold overplate, were developed. The technology behind these developments is described, and an example of the application of the new materials in a major connection system is given.
High Temperature Gas Thermometry and the Platinum Metals
Authors: Cottington Ian E.
Published: February 2024

The present day importance to both science and industry of resistance thermometers and thermocouples utilising the electrical and thermoelectrical properties of the platinum metals is so well known that it has tended to overshadow the use of these metals for crucial components in gas pyrometers. For perhaps one hundred and fifty years gas thermometers, mostly incorporating noble metal bulbs, have provided a most accurate means of determining high temperatures. This article gives a selective account of early developments in temperature measurement involving gas thermometry and the platinum metals, one result of which was the adoption of the first internationally recognised standard scale of temperatures, in October 1887.
Space Station Resistojets
Authors: Whalen Margaret V.
Published: February 2024

Resistojets for space station auxiliary propulsion require both long life and multipropellant capability, and platinum dispersion strengthened with yttria and zirconia has been studied for possible use as a resistojet material. A series of propellant compatibility tests has been conducted, and the results are presented. Generally, on the basis of mass loss, there were no compatibility problems in any of the environments considered. Microscopy showed that the effect of the propellants on the surface of the platinum varied significantly; however material stability, as measured by grain growth, did not appear to be a major problem.
Promoting Platinum Metals by Ceria
Authors: Harrison B. , Diwell A. F. , Hallett C.
Published: February 2024

Modern autocatalysts are complex, multi-component systems which, when combined with vehicle fuel calibration systems, are able to provide the activity, selectivity and durability required to meet the exacting emissions standards now demanded. In addition to the platinum group metals, one of the major components in current three-way catalysts is ceria, whose main role was originally thought to involve oxygen storage under transient conditions. In practice, the situation is more complex, with ceria contributing to a number of catalytic functions and also interacting with the active platinum group metals.
Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Platinum Metals Electrocatalysts
Authors: Patrick Sullivan B.
Published: February 2024

The reduction of carbon dioxide to fuels and chemicals can be accomplished by the use of electrocatalysts of the platinum group metals. Worthwhile products include carbon monoxide, formate, methanol, methane, oxalate and even higher hydrocarbons depending on the catalyst type and environment. Three classes of electrocatalysts have been identified: catalytic metal surfaces, monomeric solution complexes, and chemically modified electrodes; the latter being a novel hybrid of solid state, surface and homogeneous solution chemistry.
Permeation of Hydrogen through Palladium-Silver Membranes
Authors: Lewis F. A. , Tong X. Q. , Bucur R. V.
Published: February 2024

The hydrogen content gradients that occur during hydrogen permeation through palladium-silver membranes produce complementary strain gradients of lattice expansion, which induce opposing Gorsky Effect components of Diffusion Flux. A body of observations of related “uphill effects” and allied diffusion phenomena have recently been studied, using sheet and tube membranes; these phenomena have been correlated with hydrogen pressure-hydrogen content relationships of the Pd77Ag23Hn system.
195-Platinum Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Levason W. , Pletcher D.
Published: February 2024

It is well known that the performance of platinum electroplating baths can deteriorate suddenly during operation. This review suggests that 195-platinum nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a powerful technique for investigating the changes in the composition of the solution that lead to a loss in current efficiency and/or poor deposit quality and, indeed, may be used for the routine monitoring of the state of health of operational baths. This technique can also be used to gain an understanding of the complex chemistry of modern platinum electroplating baths and so assist in the continuing search for commercial baths with superior performance.
Knitted Platinum Alloy Gauzes
Authors: Horner B. T.
Published: February 2024

The introduction of knitted catalyst gauzes into the nitric acid industry has had a major impact on both that industry and on the catalyst production procedures employed by Johnson Matthey. It is now two years since this technological advance was first reported and, because of this time interval, a summary of previous work is included here to serve as a background to this significant technical progress and the commercial acceptance that has taken place over the past few years.
Noble Metal Alloys as Strain Gauge Materials
Authors: Tong Lizhen , Guo Jinxing
Published: February 2024

The development of materials which contain the noble metals for use in high temperature strain gauges is reviewed, with particular emphasis being placed upon work done by the Institute of Precious Metals, in China. Three alloy systems displaying excellent resistance to oxidation and good overall properties when used in high temperature strain gauges, are singled out for examination. These are platinum-tungsten-rhenium-nickel-chromium-yttrium, gold-palladium-chromium-platinum-iron-aluminium-yttrium and palladium-chromium. Their development and the suitability of these alloys for use in measuring high temperature static strain are discussed.
Electronic and Nuclear Magnetism in Platinum-Iron at Ultralow Temperatures
Authors: Wendler W. , Herrmannsdörfer T. , Rehmann S. , Pobell F.
Published: February 2024

In February 1996, physicists at the University of Bayreuth claimed a world record for producing the lowest temperature yet achieved when they announced the results of their work with platinum. They cooled 31.4 grams of platinum to 2 millionths of a degree Celsius above absolute zero temperature, -273.15°C. In this paper they describe the theory and the practical work behind this accomplishment. Research in low temperature physics involves the construction of detailed and precise knowledge of the atomic and nuclear structures and their interactions in atoms. Some effects due to atomic and nuclear structure, particularly magnetic effects, are only seen at very low temperatures; however their effects have consequences at higher temperatures, although these are not usually observed. Thus, this and other low temperature work is contributing to a fundamental understanding of the magnetic behaviour of materials.
Hydrocarbonylation in Platinum Metals Metallurgy
Authors: Fedoseyev I. V.
Published: February 2024

For many years we have been studying the reactions of carbon monoxide with chlorocomplexes of the platinum metals in various solutions, such as hydrochloric acid. These hydrocarbonylation reactions result in the formation of various platinum metals carbonyl complexes. Hydrocarbonylation has been used to extract the platinum group metals from the anode muds which remain after the production of copper and nickel. The processes involved, which are described below, produce no waste and therefore do not require special reagents or apparatus. This makes their use very effective for the metallurgy of the platinum group metals. In this paper we discuss the general results of these investigations and some of their applications, such as in the production of powders and catalysts, for which the hydrocarbonylation process is suitable.
The Chemistry of the Platinum Group Metals
Authors: Fulford A.
Published: February 2024

The Dalton Division of the Royal Society of Chemistry held the Sixth International Conference on the Chemistry of the Platinum Group Metals at the University of York from the 22nd to the 26th July 1996. Previous meetings have been held in St. Andrews (1993), Cambridge (1990) and Sheffield (1987). Over 250 delegates from 26 countries attended the programme of 41 lectures and 190 posters.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Ralph T. R.
Published: February 2024

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells operating on hydrogen/air are being considered as high efficiency, low pollution power generators for stationary and transportation applications. There have been many successful demonstrations of this technology in recent years. However, to penetrate these markets the cost of the fuel cell stack must be reduced. This report details the progress made on reductions in the stack cost by lowered platinum catalyst loadings in the latest stack designs, the development of lower cost membrane electrolytes, the design of alternative bipolar flow field plates, and the introduction of mass production technology. Despite such advances, there is still a need for further reductions in the stack cost, through improvements in the performance of the membrane electrode assembly. However, improved stack performance must be demonstrated not only with pure hydrogen fuel but also, more particularly, with reformate fuel, where tolerance to poisoning by carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide needs to be improved. Advances that are required in the ancillary sub-systems are also briefly considered here.
ANALYZING THE HEAT AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN SPRAY COOLING BY USING AN OPTIMIZED RECTANGULAR FINNED HEAT SINK
Authors: Karabey AltuÄ , Yakut Kenan
Published: February 2024

Rapid advancements in technology constantly keep the need for thermal systems, which have high performance, on the agenda and direct the attention of researcher-engineers to the studies on improving the heat transfer. Spray cooling process depends on many parameters including nozzle diameter, surface area, surface geometry, critical heat flux, mass flow, gravity, spraying angle, and surface slope. One would need results from many experiments to better analyze the spray structure. In the present study, by using the rectangular-finned heat sinks optimized for spray cooling and those called "general," the heat and flow characteristics in spray cooling were analyzed. Water was used as the cooling fluid and the cooling fluid was atomized by using an air-supported atomized. The experiments were conducted with six air-to-liquid ratio (ALR) values, three different jet heights, three different spraying times, three different fin heights, and three different fin widths. The results are presented in the Nusselt number-air-to-liquid ratio (Nu-ALR) and jet thickness-jet velocity (tjet -Ujet) diagrams. It was determined that the ALR value tended to decrease with increasing Nusselt numbers. For the determined ALR values, Nusselt numbers decreased as the fin height increased. It was concluded that Nusselt numbers tended to decrease at all fin widths as the ALR value increased. In addition, considering the parameters examined for the rectangular-finned heat sink, separate correlations were developed for the Nusselt number, spray angle, and jet thickness.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON BEHAVIOR OF A DIESEL ENGINE WITH ENERGY, EXERGY, AND SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS USING TITANIUM OXIDE (TiO2) BLENDED DIESEL AND BIODIESEL
Authors: Rajpoot Aman Singh , Choudhary Tushar , Shukla Anoop , Chelladurai H. , Rajak Upendra , Sinha Abhinav Anand
Published: February 2024

The challenge of improving the efficiency and sustainability and reducing emissions of diesel engines through the use of different fuel blends-such as diesel, biodiesel, and fuel blends mixed with TiO2 nanoparticles-is addressed by this research. The study investigates how the performance, emissions, and sustainability aspects of a one-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled diesel engine are impacted when 50 and 100 ppm of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are added to various blends of diesel and biodiesel under varied engine loads ranging from 25% to 100%. The addition of TiO2 nanoparticles leads to reductions in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of up to 8% with B0 and up to 14.29% with B15, improvements in energy efficiency of up to 2% with B0 and up to 4.02% with B15, and improvements in exergy efficiency of up to 1.88% with B0 and up to 3.77% with B15. With regard to hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, the use of TiO2 nanoparticles decreased emissions by up to 18.4% at the cost of nitric oxide (NO) emissions, which increased by up to 5.87%. The exergy performance coefficient (Exp) and sustainability index (SI) increased by up to 18.99% and 5.63%, respectively. The percentage changes showed enhanced engine performance, lower emissions, and improved energy conversion efficiency with the inclusion of TiO2 nanoparticles. The results suggest fuel blends' advantages in terms of energy conversion; however, it is also important to look at the economic feasibility and stability of TiO2 nanoparticles.
Differential transcript usage analysis v1
Authors: Kilfeather Peter
Published: February 2024

Differential transcript usage analysis from Kilfeather, Khoo et al., 2024
Protocols from Kilfeather, Khoo et al., 2024 v2
Authors: Kilfeather Peter , Claudia Caiazza Maria
Published: February 2024

This protocol collection includes immunohisto/chemical staining methods, DAT-TRAP methods and the protocol for the Fura-2 assay in Kilfeather, Khoo et al., 2024.
Preparação para ir ao campo v2
Authors: Rafaelly Vilefort Sales Alicia
Published: February 2024

Este protocolo foi desenhado para o processo de coleta de dados do projeto de pesquisa Sono e Gravidez. Consulte a aba Guidelines para visualizar o fluxograma do processo como um todo. Caso tenha dúvidas ou sugestões, entre em contato com um dos autores. --- This protocol was designed for the data collection process of the research project Sleep and Pregnancy. See the Guidelines tab to view the process flowchart as a whole. If you have any questions or suggestions, please contact one of the authors.
Anti-condensation agent v1
Authors: Bergqvist John
Published: February 2024

Preventing plate lids from fogging up by applying an anti-condensation agent. This allows longer recordings of e.g. worm behaviour.
GWAS prioritization analysis v1
Authors: Kilfeather Peter
Published: February 2024

GWAS prioritization analysis from Kilfeather, Khoo et al., 2024
Infancias Campesinas e Infancias Urbanas. Un acercamiento desde los silabarios ‘Mi Tesoro’ y ‘Mi Tierra’ (Chile, 1942-1950)
Authors: Pérez-Navarro Camila , Ibaceta Isabel
Published: February 2024

En Chile, durante los gobiernos radicales (1938-1946), el Ministerio de Educación Pública implementó diversas iniciativas para ampliar y transformar el sistema escolar, modernizar las prácticas pedagógicas y fortalecer la educación rural. Una de estas acciones fue la creación de dos silabarios para estudiantes de escuelas primarias urbanas y rurales. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la representación de las infancias en los silabarios Mi tesoro (para escuelas urbanas) y Mi tierra (para escuelas rurales), distribuidos entre 1942 y 1950. Los textos e ilustraciones que forman parte de los silabarios fueron analizados a partir de la técnica de Análisis de Contenido. Se concluye que estos textos configuraron y difundieron, por un lado, una visión de niñez rural vinculada con la productividad y el trabajo agrícola; y, por otro, un ideario de infancia urbana que no solo tenía la posibilidad de apropiarse de la cultura letrada, sino que también disfrutaba de actividades recreativas en el espacio urbano.
Peculiarities of real-world data application for health technology assessment in Asian countries
Authors: Kondratyeva B. B. , Gorkavenko F. V. , Omelyanovskiy V. V.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the study of regulatory approaches to the sphere of real-world data (RWD) and real world evidence (RWE) in the countries of the Asia-Pacific Region (China, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, etc.) and examples of their practical application for health technology assessment. The peculiarities of collecting and gaining access to RWD/RWE in Asian countries, prerequisites for the development of this direction, adopted regulations, developed methodological guidelines, promising areas of application, and clinical and economic research based on country-specific data are considered. The existing practices in Asian countries represent valuable experience, some of which could be considered for implementation in the national practice.
Pharmacoeconomic study of fluorescent lymphography and radionuclide diagnostics methods for sentinel lymph node detection in breast cancer
Authors: Kulikov E. P. , Shomova M. V. , Titov D. S. , Demko A. N. , Maistrenko M. A.
Published: February 2024

Background. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a reliable diagnostic method used to assess the spread of the malignant process in regional lymph nodes. Currently, this method is of great importance in treatment planning for early breast cancer and allows to avoid immediate and long-term complications of lymph node dissection. SLN detection can be performed using the radionuclide method, the disadvantages of which are associated with the peculiarities of working with radiopharmaceuticals and additional costs when using them. An alternative method is fluorescence lymphography (FL) with indocyanine green.Objective: performing a pharmacoeconomical study (cost-effectiveness analysis) comparing the cost-effectiveness of methods for detecting SLN in breast cancer: radionuclide diagnosis (RD) using a radiopharmaceutical based on sodium pertechnetate [99mТс] and FL using indocyanine green (Life Sciences OCPK LLC, Russia) and "IC GOR System" device (Central Design Bureau of Information and Control Systems JSC, Russia).Material and methods. The values of the cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) were calculated and compared for the two indicated methods of detecting SLN in breast cancer. Information on the RD method clinical efficacy was taken from the published data. SLN detection by the FL method with the use of indocyanine green and domestic apparatus was performed on the basis of the Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary (Ryazan) in 53 patients with breast cancer. To assess the reliability of the obtained results a deterministic multivariate sensitivity analysis was performed.Results. The obtained CERFL values were significantly lower than the median CERRD values by average of 43.29% (p<0.001): from 40.36% (p<0.001) to 44.96% (p<0.001). The geometric mean CERFL was lower than CERRD by 39,40% (from 37.99% to 42.80%), and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) did not intersect. Deterministic multivariate sensitivity analysis demonstrated robustness of the obtained data to the transformation of RD cost parameters. Nevertheless the geometric mean and its 95% CI of CERRD and CERFL did not intersect under any circumstances.Conclusion. According to the results of a pharmacoeconomic study, it is more economically profitable to detect SLN in breast cancer using indocyanine green and a domestic device for FL, as its costs per unit of efficiency were 38–45% lower than for RD using a radiopharmaceutical based on sodium pertechnetate [99mТс].
Lifelong learning and skill development for project managers in the dynamic labor market landscape
Authors: Uzorka Afam , Makumbi David , Kalabuki Kagezi
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the experiences of project managers working in the distinct environment of clinical trial organizations as project management changes in dynamic labor markets. The literature emphasizes the changing skill set needed for project managers and stresses the value of cognitive flexibility, interpersonal skills, and lifelong learning. Nonetheless, there is still a great deal to learn about how these dynamics appear in the setting of clinical trial organizations. By investigating project managers’ perspectives and involvement in lifetime learning and skill development inside clinical trial organizations, this study seeks to close this gap. To elucidate the nuances of their professional experiences, 64 project managers were interviewed using a qualitative methodology. Key themes emerged from the thematic analysis, including the importance of interpersonal and personal qualities, the dynamic nature of abilities like creativity and critical thinking, and the strategic application of lifelong learning. The findings add new evidence to the body of knowledge by offering a sector-specific understanding of the lifelong learning needs and skill requirements for project managers in clinical trial organizations. The study emphasizes how crucial it is to continuously learn to improve healthcare outcomes and adjust to industry-specific problems. Contextual implications encompass perspectives for entities seeking to maximize training regimens and augment the flexibility of project management groups in clinical trial environments. This work advances theoretical ideas and practical concerns for lifelong learning and skill development in clinical trial organizations. It also adds subtle insights into a specialized domain to the discourse on project management.
Team commitment and performance of construction project in Nigerian construction industry
Authors: Olasunkanmi Femi-favour Olabode , Femi-favour Abimbola Abiodun , Okon Udeme Jeremy
Published: February 2024

Project success requires team commitment, which is a product of an encouraging culture of cooperation and teamwork among project team members. The research work aims to ascertain which components of team commitment affect the performance of construction projects in Nigeria. The research adopted a quantitative design where questionnaires were used for data collection. Out of 1233 questionnaires distributed, 975 were received with valid responses and used for data analysis. Data were analysed descriptively using percentage, mean score, and relative agreement index. The study showed the factors of team commitment having an effect on project performance, as rated by the respondents, to be: Normative component: “Project team members owe a great deal to this organisation”; “Members of the project team do not feel it is right to quit the project before completion”; “This organisation has a great deal of personal meaning for project team members”. Affective component: “This organisation deserves the loyalty of project team members”; “The project team considers the team’s problems as their own. Then, “One of the few negative consequences of leaving this organisation will be the scarcity of available alternatives” is for continuance. In conclusion, the emotional attachment of the team members and sense of obligation to the project team and construction organisation are the driving forces behind pushing for the successful outcome of projects within the Nigerian construction industry.
Klopni meningoencefalitis in podnebne spremembe v Sloveniji
Authors: Donša Daša , Grujić Veno Jaša , Pipenbaher Nataša , Ivajnšič Danijel
Published: February 2024

Klopi imajo, kot vektorji nalezljivihbolezni, pomembno vlogo pri ogrožanju javnega zdravja.Slovenija jepo registrirani incidenci klopnega meningoencefalitisa (KME) v svetovnem vrhu.Obravnavano bolezen prenaša vrsta gozdni klop (Ixodes ricinus). Abundanca in prostorska razširjenost gozdnihklopov je močno odvisna od biotskih in abiotskih dejavnikov. Posledično na prostorski odtis bolezni KME vplivajo tudi podnebne spremembe. Z implementacijo modelov regresijskih dreves in geografsko obtežene multiple regresije ter 246 prediktorskih spremenljivk razlagamo obstoječi (trenutne podnebne razmere) in bodoči (časovno okno 2070 in toplogredni scenarij RCP 8.5) vzorec žarišč bolezni KME na nivoju slovenskih občin. Kot končni produkt raziskave je izdelana še trenutna in bodoča ocena tveganja za okužbos KME na kilometrski mreži. Tovrstni rezultat lahko služi kot podporni prostorski informacijski sistem za obveščanje in preprečevanje okužbe z KME.
Pojavnost in prepoznavnost poglavitnih turističnih znamenitosti in lokacij v Mariboru
Authors: Horvat Uroš , Stubičar Nina
Published: February 2024

V prvem delu prispevka je s pomočjo analize tiskanih turističnih vodnikov in spletnih blogov prikazana pogostost pojavljanja poglavitnih turističnih znamenitosti in lokacij v Mariboru v izbranih medijih. V 13 tiskanih turističnih vodnikih se pojavlja kar 70 različnih objektov, ustanov ali območij v Mariboru, ki imajo turistično rabo ali pa so zanimivi za obiskovalce in turiste. Avtorja ugotavljata, da se turistični vodniki osredotočajo predvsem na območje ožjega mestnega središča (Lent, Glavni trg in Grajski trg), izven njega pa sta največkrat omenjeni le območji Piramide in Pohorja. Med posameznimi objekti so največkrat omenjeni Hiša stare trte, Kužno znamenje in Stolna cerkev. Analiza 12 spletnih blogov je pokazala še večjo osredotočenost na najbolj izpostavljene turistične znamenitosti v mestnem središču, saj je v njih omenjenih le 37 objektov, ustanov ali lokacij v Mariboru. V drugem delu raziskave avtorja predstavljata rezultate anketiranja turistov v letu 2021, in sicer v kolikšni meri poznajo in obiščejo posamezne turistične znamenitosti v mestu. Razdeljene so bile na glavne (zlasti v mestnem središču) in alternativne turistične znamenitosti in lokacije, s katerimi sta avtorja želela preveriti interes turistov tudi za manj obiskane znamenitosti. Rezultati anketiranja so potrdili večinski interes turistov le za glavne turistične znamenitosti in lokacije v mestnem središču, izven njega pa le za območje ob vznožju Pohorja, medtem ko je bil izkazan interes za alternativne turistične lokacije zelo majhen. Rezultati so odraz dejstva, da je turistični obisk v Mariboru še vedno v veliki meri odvisen od tranzitnih turistov, ki obiščejo Maribor večinoma le za dan ali dva. Rezultati so v nasprotju s prizadevanji turističnih delavcev v Mariboru, ki promovirajo in vabijo turiste na podaljšanje obiska v Mariboru, predvsem s predstavitvijo številnih doživetij v Mariboru in okolici, ki so namenjena ljubiteljem vina in kulinarike, raziskovanja v naravi ter športnim aktivnostim.
Ocena svetlobnega onesnaženja v Mariboru, Gornji Radgoni in Senovem
Authors: Kalšek Laura , Budna Žiga , Hedl Aleks , Ravnik Jure
Published: February 2024

V prispevku poročamo o izvedbi meritev svetlobnega onesnaženja na urbanem področju mest Maribor, Gornja Radgona in Senovo in rezultate predstavljamo v obliki kart. V ta namen smo uporabili namensko izdelan merilnik, ki meri osvetljenost na podlagi svetlobnega zaznavala. Rezultati kažejo, da je Maribor med obravnavanimi lokacijami najbolj onesnaženo območje. Razloga za to sta velikost in število prebivalcev, ki botruje večji potrebi po ohranjanju varnosti ponoči. Večja površina mesta v tem primeru pomeni tudi več kulturnih in zgodovinsko pomembnih zgradb, ki so ponoči osvetljene. Nedvomno sta manj onesnaženi območji Gornja Radgona in Senovo. Z izjemo javne cestne razsvetljave in osvetljenosti pomembnejših zgradb območji nista preveč svetlobno zasičeni. Analizirali smo tudi vpliv osvetlitve nogometnega stadiona Ljudski vrt in ugotovili, da pride do velike svetlobne emisije. Učinki reflektorjev so predvsem opazni na manj svetlobno onesnaženih lokacijah v bližini Ljudskega vrta (mestni park, območje tehniških fakultet), delno pa lahko vidimo vpliv tudi pri Piramidi in Kalvariji. Na že bolj onesnaženih lokacijah ni bilo prepoznati očitnih razlik. Nazadnje predstavljamo model pojemanja osvetljenosti z oddaljevanjem od svetila, ki bi ga lahko uporabili pri načrtovanju osvetlitve na novih lokacijah.
Application of GIS in geoecological evaluation of terrain – case study nature park Hutovo blato
Authors: Hrelja Edin , Drešković Nusret , Korjenić Aida , Sivac Amina , Banda Amra
Published: February 2024

The subject of the research is the application of GIS in geoecological evaluation of terrain–case study Nature Park Hutovo blato. Geoecological evaluation of terrain is strongly relevant methodological procedure, which can be used for acquiring results about real value of particular areas. Method of terrain evaluation is also used, through five categories: hypsometric characteristics, angle of slopes, vertical dissection, terrain mobility and vegetation cover. The aim of the research is to clarify how valuable and useful certain segments of the terrain are for the purpose of spatial planning–for the tourism valorization, construction of various objects etc.Paper consists of several parts. First part defines the exact area of exploration. In the second part geomorphological characteristics of the researched area were analyzed. Geoecological evaluation of terrain, performed in third part was based onprevious geomorphological analysis as well as bonity categories. Methods used in this paper are: analysis, synthesis, statistical method and cartographic method. Complete analysis was conducted using GIS.
Género, trabajo y migración. Categorías para el estudio del exilio republicano de 1939 en Francia
Authors: Negrete Peña Rocío
Published: February 2024

El artículo analiza las mujeres del exilio republicano español de 1939 a Francia, a través de un estudio de caso, en que se estudian las migraciones y exilios desde una perspectiva de género. Los movimientos migratorios y de refugiados representan desafíos contemporáneos que requieren ser pensados históricamente, observamos que la inserción laboral en las sociedades de acogida es uno de sus puntos más críticos, la cual tiene también una propia dimensión de género. Por ello, veremos cómo los estudios migratorios, desde la historia han estudiado la relación entre género y trabajo, siendo de gran utilidad para revelar la agencia de las mujeres migrantes. Finalmente, revisaremos críticamente la historiografía sobre las mujeres exilio republicano de 1939 y las lagunas que persisten sobre la dimensión laboral de sus experiencias, arrojando algunas interpretaciones y sugiriendo futuras líneas de investigación.
Surgical Management of an Elderly Patient with Mental Nerve Hyperesthesia: A Case Report
Authors: Uranbey Ömer , Ayrancı Ferhat
Published: February 2024

Prolonged use of removable dentures and age-related bone remodeling can result in atrophy of the alveolar crest and lead to functional impairments and complications such as inflammation and hypersensitivity. The effectiveness of nerve transposition surgery and implant rehabilitation in reducing these complaints in atrophic mandibles is remarkable. This case study involves a 63-year old female patient who developed trigeminal nerve neuropathy, starting after use of removable dentures, with the complaint of pain around the right foramen mentale. Advanced resorption in the posterior alveolar crests of the mandible was identified through radiological examinations. After two months, there was a significant improvement in symptoms and post-operative hypoesthesia was achieved by the agency of implant rehabilitation and the inferior transposition of the right mental nerve. This case emphasizes the importance of nerve transposition surgery in severe atrophic crests, superiorly located mental foramina or hyperesthesia induced by removable prostheses.
KASIM TINISTANOV’UN KIRGIZ TÜRKÇESİ İÇİN HAZIRLADIĞI LATİN ALFABESİ
Authors: ATABEY İbrahim
Published: February 2024

Kasım Tınıstanov (1901-1938), Kırgız Türkçesinin yazımı için art arda Arap, Latin ve Kiril harflerine dayanan alfabeler hazırlamış bir eğitimci ve yazardır. Okuu Kitebi, Çoŋdor Üçün Alippe, Bizdin Til, Ene Tilibiz, Kırgız Tili Boyunça Okuu Kitebi, Til Sabagı, Til İliminin Terminologiyalık Sözdügü, Kırgız Tilinin Morfologiyası, Kırgız Tilinin Sintaksisi adlı kitaplarında, Kırgız Türkçesi dil bilgisi ve kullanılacak alfabeler hakkında bilgi vermiş; kuralları ortaya koymuştur.

Tınıstanov, Sovyetler Birliği’nde Stalin’in yönetimi tarafından Kırgızların tarihinden bahsettiği, Manas Destanı’nı anlattığı için 1938 yılında öldürüldü. Öldürülünceye kadar Türk dünyasında özellikle dil, okuma yazma eğitimi, alfabe konularındaki bilimsel tartışma, toplantı ve görüşmelerde Türk ve Rus yazar, şair ve bilim adamlarıyla bir araya gelmiş; Arap, Latin ve Kiril alfabelerinin Kırgız Türkçesine uygulanabilirliği konusundaki çalışmalarını tartışmıştır.

Bu çalışmada, Tınıstanov’un 1934’te Rusça ve Kırgız Türkçesi ile basılan Kırgız Adabiy Tilinin Cañı Orfografiyasının Dolbooru adlı eseri üzerinde durulacak ve özellikle onun teklif ettiği Latin harfli Türk alfabesinin Türkiye Türkçesi, Ortak Türk Alfabesi, 1990’dan sonra Azerbaycan, Özbekistan, Türkmenistan, Kazakistan ve Gagavuz Yeri’nin kullanmaya başladığı Latin harfli alfabenin karşılaştırılması yapılacaktır. Tınıstanov’un bu eseri, 1925’te toplanan Birinci Kırgızistan Muallimler Kongresi’ndeki Kırgız Türkçesi Alfabesi adlı bildirisi ile I. Türkoloji Kongresi’nde sunduğu “Türk Tilderinde Alfavit Tüzüü Pirensipteri” adlı bildirisinin birleştirilmiş ve genişletilmiş hâli olarak değerlendirilebilir.
Linguocognitive Approach to Text Analysis
Authors: Budaev E. V.
Published: February 2024

Cognitive sciences were officially included in the nomenclature of scientific specialties in Russia in 2021. However, the issue of the subject and method of cognitive science in general and its projection on text analysis in particular remains little known to the general scientific community. Linguistic text analysis has gone through several stages of evolution. Each of them accumulates the critical aspects highlighting the necessity to search for new approaches. There are three such approaches in linguistics: structural, communicative, cognitive. The structural paradigm made it possible to solve scientific problems using the example of simple language units. However, it was experiencing serious difficulties in studying complex emergent phenomena, to which the text belongs. Some of these difficulties were leveled by including a communicative approach in the linguist’s methodological baggage. At the same time, a significant layer of factors influencing on the meaning generation of the text remained outside the scope of the research focus. As a result, the linguocognitive approach to text analysis was formed in linguistics. This made it possible to include not only linguistic structures, but also the widest range of mental structures (concepts, frames and slots, prototypes, categories, conceptual oppositions, gestalts, mental spaces and models, conceptual metaphors, precedent phenomena, semantic networks) and cognitive operations (conceptualization, categorization, inference, causal attribution, conceptual projections, blending) in the analysis. Thus, the linguocognitive approach to text analysis increases the heuristics of scientific research due to it is aimed at studying of semantic processes as mental processes.