bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANAGER’S PERSONALITY AND BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION
Authors: ANWAR MUHAMMAD , SHAH SYED ZULFIQAR ALI , KHAN SHER ZAMAN , KHATTAK MUHAMMAD SUALEH
Published: November 2018

Rapid changes in the external environment and dynamic markets have challenged the survival of every kind of organizations. Many business firms fail due to lack of managerial skills and an ineffective business model to adjust their operations in line with the competitive environment. This study examines the influence of owners and top managers’ “Big Five” personality traits on business model innovation. Data were collected through structured questionnaires using a sample size of 343 owners and senior managers of SMEs operating in the emerging economy Pakistan. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) in AMOS.21. The results indicate that managers with extroversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience personality have a significant positive influence on business model innovation. However, neuroticism personality has a significant negative while conscientiousness has an insignificant positive influence on business model innovation. Implications for practice are also discussed.
A Size-Dependent Multiple-Loop Negative Feedback System Describes Biological Segment Formation Based on the Clock and Wavefront Mechanism
Authors: Shibasaki Yusuke , Yoshida-Noro Chikako , Saito Minoru
Published: November 2018

We proposed a new mathematical model for biological segment formation based on the clock and wavefront mechanism suggested in 1970s. Here, we chose an invertebrate, Enchytraeus japonensis, as a model animal and adopted multiple-loop negative feedback system based on its physiological features. We numerically showed the segment number of the model animal is autopoietically controlled by a size-dependent function. Additionally, we discussed two cases of the irregular oscillations by applying the biological conditions for abnormal development. The present model showed robustness under local noise perturbations like many other biological oscillators and qualitatively described unique development of the model animal. As a result, we suggested that a global interaction of chemical signals in the body can also drive “segmentation clock”.
Immune Checkpoint Receptors Tim-3 and PD-1 Regulate Monocyte and T Lymphocyte Function in Septic Patients
Authors: Xia Qi , Wei Li , Zhang Yuntao , Sheng Jifang , Wu Wei , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2018

We aim to investigate the effects of Tim-3 and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) on the monocytes and T lymphocytes in septic patients. Expression of Tim-3 and PD-1 on the CD3, CD4, and CD8 lymphocytes and monocytes was determined using flow cytometry. CBA technique was utilized to determine the expression of cytokines in the lymphocyte supernatant in addition to the IL-10 and TNF-αpositivity in monocytes in the presence of Tim-3 and/or PD-1 receptor blockade. Compared with the normal control, significant elevation was observed in the expression of PD-1 on CD3 (P=0.004), CD4, and CD8 monocytes. Blockade of the Tim-3 signaling pathway contributed to the significant elevation of IL-10 and TNF-αin the supernatant of T lymphocytes in the septic patients, while the PD-1 signaling pathway blockade only triggered the obvious elevation of TNF-αin the T lymphocytes. Blockade of Tim-3 and PD-1 induced the positivity of IL-10- and TNF-α-expressing cells in the peripheral monocytes. Significant changes were noticed in the Tim-3 and PD-1 in the T lymphocytes and monocytes. Blockade of Tim-3 and PD-1 contributed to the function of lymphocytes and monocytes. In the septic process, Tim-3 and PD-1 played crucial roles in the immune response of T lymphocytes and monocytes.
Improvement of Adherence with Occlu-Pad Therapy for Pediatric Patients with Amblyopia
Authors: Totsuka Satoru , Handa Tomoya , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Shoji Nobuyuki
Published: November 2018

We aimed to examine visual acuity improvement effect and adherence in amblyopia training using tablet type vision training equipment (Occlu-pad). The subjects were 138 patients with amblyopia (average age of 5.5 ± 1.6 years old); their amblyopic visual acuity at the start of training was logMAR 0.15 to 1.3. Occlu-pad is a device that processes images such that amblyopic eyes can only view the image as it passes through polarized glasses; this is achieved by peeling off the polarizing film layer in the liquid crystal display of an iPad (Apple). Amblyopia training comprised either the instructional training with Occlu-pad or the eye patch (Patching) as a family training, after wearing perfectly corrected glasses. Visual acuity improvement following amblyopia training by Occlu-pad and Patching was significantly different after 6 months in patients with anisometropic amblyopia (p <0.05). In patients with strabismic amblyopia, a significant difference between training methods was observed after 9 months (p <0.05). Use of the Occlu-pad resulted in better adherence for patients with either anisometropic amblyopia or strabismic amblyopia; a significant difference in adherence was observed after 3 months, compared with Patching (p <0.05). Amblyopia training with Occlu-pad supports greater visual acuity improvement and adherence than Patching.
Urethral Polyembolokoilamania: An Unusual Manifestation of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)
Authors: Shafi Reem M. A. , Suarez Laura , Lapid Maria I.
Published: November 2018

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) have varied presentations and frequently occur throughout the trajectory of dementia. Hypersexuality and general disinhibition of societal and cultural norms are commonly documented in all types of dementia. However, sparse literature exists on polyembolokoilamania (insertion of foreign objects in bodily orifices) without a sexual component as a dementia-related symptom. We review an unusual case of a 94-year-old man who presented with urethral polyembolokoilamania without hypersexuality or other behavioral disinhibition. We highlight clinical considerations of managing urethral polyembolokoilamania in an elderly patient without a previous neurocognitive disorder diagnosis. A multidisciplinary team approach with input from Internal Medicine, Urology, Psychiatry, and Neurology lead to a comprehensive assessment of a patient that could have been managed solely as a surgical case. This spearheaded a formal diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder—guiding successful management, follow-up, caregiver education, and reduction of further harm.
Natural Compounds for the Management of Parkinson’s Disease and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Corona Juan Carlos
Published: November 2018

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an unknown aetiology. The pathogenic mechanisms include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein dysfunction, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and abnormal deposition of α-synuclein. Currently, the existing pharmacological treatments for PD cannot improve fundamentally the degenerative process of dopaminergic neurons and have numerous side effects. On the other hand, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood and is characterised by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. The aetiology of ADHD remains unknown, although it has been suggested that its pathophysiology involves abnormalities in several brain regions, disturbances of the catecholaminergic pathway, and oxidative stress. Psychostimulants and nonpsychostimulants are the drugs prescribed for the treatment of ADHD; however, they have been associated with increased risk of substance use and have several side effects. Today, there are very few tools available to prevent or to counteract the progression of such neurological disorders. Thus, therapeutic approaches with high efficiency and fewer side effects are needed. This review presents a brief overview of the two neurological disorders and their current treatments, followed by a discussion of the natural compounds which have been studied as therapeutic agents and the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects, in particular, the decrease in oxidative stress.
Follistatin-Like 1 Is Downregulated in Morbidly and Super Obese Central-European Population
Authors: Horak Martin , Kuruczova Daniela , Zlamal Filip , Tomandl Josef , Bienertova-Vasku Julie
Published: November 2018

Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is a secreted adipomyokine with a possible link to obesity; however, its connection to extreme obesity currently remains unknown. In order to analyze such association for the very first time, we employed a unique cohort of morbidly and super obese individuals with a mean BMI of 44.77 kg/m2 and measured the levels of circulating FSTL1. We explored the 3′ UTR of FSTL1 to locate a genetic variant which impairs microRNA binding. We located and investigated such SNP (rs1057231) in relation to the FSTL1 protein level, obesity status, and other body composition parameters. We observed a significant decline in FSTL1 level in obese subjects in comparison to nonobese ones. The evaluated SNP was found to correlate with FSTL1 only in nonobese subjects. The presented results were not affected by sex since both males and females expressed FSTL1 equally. We suggest that the FSTL1 decrease observed in extremely obese subjects is a result of adipogenesis reduction accompanied by a senescence of preadipocytes which otherwise willingly express FSTL1, increased adipocyte apoptosis, and epigenetic FSTL1 silencing.
Roles of Procalcitonin and N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Predicting Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection in Severe Burn Injury Patients
Authors: Zhou Baochun , Zhu Jianjun , Mao Ziruo , Liu Lijun
Published: November 2018

Objective. To investigate the characteristics of early catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in severe burn injury patients induced by a massive aluminum dust explosion. Methods. Sixty-eight severe burn injury patients experienced a massive dust explosion in Kunshan were included in this study. Patients received central venous catheter placement, arterial catheterization to monitor blood pressure and PiCCO cardiac monitoring, tracheostomy, mechanical ventilation, analgesics and sedation treatment, and fluid resuscitation. Clinical data including age, gender, burn surface area, fluid intake and output, urine temperature, and APACHE II score information were collected from each patient. Ultrasound screening was performed to exclude heart failure, which may lead to the change of NT-proBNP. When CRBSI was suspected, 10 ml central venous blood and peripheral arterial blood were sent for testing. For patients with suspected CRBSI, the level of PCT and NT-proBNP were monitored every day until the infection was controlled. Results. Among the 68 patients, 29 showed CRBSI. The most common pathogenic bacteria of CRBSI were A. baumannii (39.8%), P. aeruginosa (26.4%), and K. pneumoniae (13.7%). Procalcitonin (PCT) (2.98 ng/ml) and NT-proBNP (355 pg/ml) were significantly associated with CRBSI results. The sensitivity of PCT, NT-proBNP, WBC, and CRP was 94.2%, 89.7%, 88.3%, and 90.5%, respectively (P<0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of PCT combined with NT-proBNP for prediction of CRBSI was 0.981, and the sensitivity and specificity was 0.812 and 0.857, respectively. Conclusion. PCT and NT-proBNP combination improves the diagnosis of CRBSI. PCT and NT-proBNP may be alternative candidates for potential prediction of CRBSI in patients with severe injury.
Transcriptome Comparison Reveals Distinct Selection Patterns in Domesticated and Wild Agave Species, the Important CAM Plants
Authors: Huang Xing , Wang Bo , Xi Jingen , Zhang Yajie , He Chunping , Zheng Jinlong , Gao Jianming , Chen Helong , Zhang Shiqing , Wu Weihuai , Liang Yanqiong , Yi Kexian
Published: November 2018

Agave species are an important family of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants with remarkable tolerance to heat and drought stresses (Agave deserti) in arid regions and multiple agricultural applications, such as spirit (Agave tequilana) and fiber (Agave sisalana) production. The agave genomes are commonly too large to sequence, which has significantly restricted our understanding to the molecular basis of stress tolerance and economic traits in agaves. In this study, we collected three transcriptome databases for comparison to reveal the phylogenic relationships and evolution patterns of the three agave species. The results indicated the close but distinctly domesticated relations between A. tequilana and A. sisalana. Natural abiotic and biotic selections are very important factors that have contributed to distinct economic traits in agave domestication together with artificial selection. Besides, a series of candidate unigenes regulating fructan, fiber, and stress response-related traits were identified in A. tequilana, A. sisalana, and A. deserti, respectively. This study represents the first transcriptome comparison within domesticated and wild agaves, which would serve as a guidance for further studies on agave evolution, environmental adaptation, and improvement of economically important traits.
Long Noncoding RNA TUG1/miR-29c Axis Affects Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration in Human Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Lu Yebin , Tang Ling , Zhang Zhipeng , Li Shengyu , Liang Shuai , Ji Liandong , Yang Bo , Liu Yu , Wei Wei
Published: November 2018

Given the low resection rate and chemoresistance of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC), their survival rates are typically poor. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been shown to play an important role in tumourigenesis and human cancer progression, including in PC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) in PC. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyse TUG1 expression in PC tissues and peritumoural normal tissues. TUG1 was overexpressed in PC tissues compared with that in peritumoural normal tissues, and the high expression of TUG1 was associated with the poor prognosis of patients with PC. Furthermore, TUG1 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of PC cells both in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression TUG1 promoted tumour cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. TUG1 directly targeted miR-29c, a tumour suppressor in several cancers. TUG1 knockdown significantly increased the expression of miR-29c and subsequently induced the downregulation of integrin subunit beta 1 (ITGB1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9). The downregulation of miR-29c abolished the TUG1 knockdown-mediated inhibition of tumour growth in vitro and in vivo, whereas the upregulation of miR-29c enhanced the effects of TUG1 knockdown on PC cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time the oncogenic role of TUG1 in PC. The downregulation of TUG1 significantly inhibited the growth and migratory ability of PC cells in vitro and in vivo by targeting miR-29c. Our study provides a novel potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for PC.
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Culture: Current Status, Challenges, and Advancement
Authors: Dakhore Sushrut , Nayer Bhavana , Hasegawa Kouichi
Published: November 2018

Over the past two decades, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have gained attention due to their pluripotent and proliferative ability which enables production of almost all cell types in the human body in vitro and makes them an excellent tool to study human embryogenesis and disease, as well as for drug discovery and cell transplantation therapies. Discovery of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) further expanded therapeutic applications of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). hPSCs provide a stable and unlimited original cell source for producing suitable cells and tissues for downstream applications. Therefore, engineering the environment in which these cells are grown, for stable and quality-controlled hPSC maintenance and production, is one of the key factors governing the success of these applications. hPSCs are maintained in a particular niche using specific cell culture components. Ideally, the culture should be free of xenobiotic components to render hPSCs suitable for therapeutic applications. Substantial efforts have been put to identify effective components, and develop culture conditions and protocols, for their large-scale expansion without compromising on quality. In this review, we discuss different media, their components and functions, including specific requirements to maintain the pluripotent and proliferative ability of hPSCs. Understanding the role of culture components would enable the development of appropriate conditions to promote large-scale, quality-controlled expansion of hPSCs thereby increasing their potential applications.
Evaluation of Novel N-(Dibenzylcarbamothioyl)benzamide Derivatives as Antibacterial Agents by Using DFT and Drug-Likeness Assessment
Authors: Misral Huda , Sapari Suhaila , Rahman Tajudin , Ibrahim Nazlina , Yamin Bohari M. , Hasbullah Siti Aishah
Published: November 2018

Isomers of monothioureas, 2a–2d, derived from the reaction of disubstituted benzoyl isothiocyanate and dibenzylamine were synthesised and characterised by using elementary analysis CHNS and IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity by using selected Gram-positive bacteria, and moderate inhibition activity was displayed for compound 2b with the value of inhibition zone 11 ± 0.8 mm at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. The outcomes of Lipinski’s rule of five assessment appeared to be in agreement with all compounds as they adhered to most of the rules, in which they can be preliminarily classified as active drug-like. The frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) for halogen-substituted 3,4-dichloro (2a) and 3,4-difluoro (2b) were also determined by applying the computational method of density functional theory (DFT) to determine their relationship as a molecular descriptor in antibacterial activities. The value of LUMO energy for compound 2b (1.8229 eV) is lower than that of compound 2a (1.8492 eV) which indicates higher antibacterial activities.
Anxiety and Depression as Risk Factors in Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: The HUNT Study
Authors: Rasmussen Hege , Rosness Tor Atle , Bosnes Ole , Salvesen Øyvind , Knutli Marlen , Stordal Eystein
Published: November 2018

Background: The roles of both anxiety and depression as risk factors for frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have not been previously investigated together. Objective: To study anxiety and depression as independent risk factors for FTD and AD. Methods: Eighty-four patients with FTD and 556 patients with AD were compared with 117 cognitively healthy (CH), elderly individuals. Both cases and controls were participants in the second Health Study of Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT2) from 1995 to 1997, in which depression and anxiety were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Significant associations were found between anxiety and FTD and between depression and AD. A significantly increased risk of developing FTD was observed in patients who had reported anxiety on the HADS (p = 0.017) (odds ratio [OR]: 2.947, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.209–7.158) and a significantly increased risk of developing AD was observed in patients who had reported depression on the HADS (p = 0.016) (OR: 4.389, 95% CI: 1.311–14.690). Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that anxiety and depression may play different roles as risk factors for FTD and AD.
Human Endogenous Retroviruses: Residues of Ancient Times Are Differentially Expressed in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Klag Thomas , Courth Lioba , Ostaff Maureen J. , Ott German , Stange Eduard F. , Malek Nisar P. , Seifarth Wolfgang , Wehkamp Jan
Published: November 2018

Background: Eight percent of the human genome consists of human endogenous retroviruses (HERV). These genetic elements are remnants of ancient retroviral germ-line infections. Altered HERV expression is associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases. A physiological role of the HERV-derived proteins syncytin-1 and -2 has been described for the integrity of the human placental cell layer in terms of maintaining feto-maternal tolerance. The aim of this project was to investigate HERV expression in Crohn’s disease (CD) with a further focus on syncytins in the gut. Material and Methods: Seventy-four ileal and colonic tissue samples of CD patients and healthy controls have been investigated for mRNA expression of major HERV groups by a comprehensive microarray screening. The most prominent differences have been validated by qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western Blot (WB) and qRT-PCR were performed for syncytin-1 and -2. Results: HERV microarray screening revealed a distinct expression profile in ileal and colonic tissue, as well as differential expression in CD compared to healthy controls. qRT-PCR validated differential expression of at least 3 HERV-groups in CD. qRT-PCR, IHC and WB showed a tissue-dependent diminished epithelial expression of syncytins in inflamed CD. Conclusion: For the first time, HERV expression has been comprehensively studied in the gut. Between CD and healthy controls we could show a tissue dependent differential HERV expression profile. Notably, we could show that syncytin-1 and -2 are expressed in the epithelial layer in ileal and colonic tissue samples, whereas their diminished tissue-dependent expression in inflamed CD might modulate inflammatory processes at the gut barrier.
Microsurgical Technique of Locoregional Injection into the Hepatic Artery in Tumor-Bearing Mice
Authors: Qian Baifeng , Strübing Felix , Wang Zhe , Mehrabi Arianeb , Ryschich Eduard
Published: November 2018

Background: Intraarterial injection into the hepatic artery represents an important route for locoregional administration for the treatment of hepatic tumors. In the present work, we describe microsurgical methodology for injection into the hepatic artery in mice. The technique was recently used for analysis of the phenomenon of endothelial capture in liver tumors. Methods: Two different models of hepatic tumors in C57BL/6 mice were used. Tumors were induced by intrahepatic cell inoculation. The preferential blood supply of tumors was studied using blocking of bioavailability of nontumoral endothelial epitope and the subsequent injection of fluorescent endothelium-specific antibody. The selective intraarterial injection of labeled antibody was performed in tumor-bearing mice. The procedure addressed variations of vascular anatomy of the hepatic artery in mice and used direct intraarterial injection with dispensable catheterization. Results: Both experimental tumor models showed preferential blood supply from the hepatic artery. The technique of hepatic arterial injection was adapted and performed according to two major anatomic variations of the hepatic artery. Using this technique, the selective enrichment of labeled antibody to tumor and liver blood vessels, which were perfused during the first intravascular passage, was demonstrated. Conclusions: The experimental hepatic arterial injection in mice is a feasible but demanding microsurgical procedure. The choice of subsequent operation steps is dependent on the vascular anatomy of the hepatic artery which has two major variations in mice.
Uma História dos Povos Árabes
Authors: Ferreira Marcos Alan S. V.
Published: November 2018

Resenha crítica da obra 'Uma História dos Povos Árabes', de Albert Hourani. Tradução de Marcos Santarrita. Publicação São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2007, 701p. ISBN: 978-85-359-0867-1
Spongiosarcinopsis terrestris gen. et sp. nov. (Chlorophyta, Chlorophyceae): a new genus of green algae from gray forest soil, Russia
Authors: TEMRALEEVA ANNA , MOSKALENKO SVETLANA , MINCHEVA ELENA , BUKIN YURY , SINETOVA MARIA
Published: November 2018

The diversity of soil green microalgae (Chlorophyta) is generally poorly known and likely underestimated because of their morphological poverty and crypticity. The use of molecular tools has revolutionized algal diversity research, including the discovery of numerous new taxa. On the basis of light microscopy, we isolated Chlorochytrium-like strain ACSSI 023 from gray forest soil (Moscow region, Russia), but with spongy rather than network chloroplast. This strain was evaluated by means of 18S rRNA gene and ITS2 sequences analyses and ultrastructural observations. Morphology, comparing the ITS2 secondary structure, compensatory base changes, intron lacking and percent similarity of the 18S rRNA gene of the isolated strain allowed us to propose a new genus and species for it, Spongiosarcinopsis terrestris gen. et sp. nov. The genus forms a separate independent branch within the Stephanosphaerinia clade (Chlorophyta, Chlorophyceae) with type species—Spongiosarcinopsis terrestris ACSSI 023.
The genus Zygoneura Meigen in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae)a
Authors: ZHANG SU-JIONG , WU HONG , HUANG JUNHAO
Published: November 2018

The taxonomy of the genus Zygoneura Meigen in China was studied. Seven species are recognized, including three new species that are described and illustrated: Zygoneura disparilis Zhang & Wu sp. nov., Z. longa Zhang & Wu sp. nov., and Z. occidens Zhang & Wu sp. nov. In addition, Z. sajanica Mamaev, 1976, and Z. sciarina Meigen, 1830 are reported for the first time from China. A key to the Palaearctic and Oriental regions species is also provided.
Otiorhynchus (Nihus) grischunensis sp. n.—a new species of the O. rhilensis species group from the Swiss Alps (Curculionidae, Entiminae)
Authors: GERMANN CHRISTOPH
Published: November 2018

Otiorhynchus (Nihus) grischunensis sp. n. is described from Grisons, Switzerland. The new species was exclusively found in the alpine area and is thought to be endemic. Otiorhynchus grischunensis belongs to the O. rhilensis species group and is compared with its presumably closest relative, O. rhilensis. The new species fills a gap in the northwesternmost distribution of the O. rhilensis group and hence allows new insights into the biogeographical history of the group.
Crab spiders from Hainan Island, China (Araneae, Thomisidae)
Authors: TANG GUO , LI SHUQIANG
Published: November 2018

The crab spiders (Araneae: Thomisidae) collected from Hainan Island, China are studied. A total of 25 genera, 43 species are reported, including 12 new species, two new combinations and one new synonym. The new species are: Borboropactus brevidens sp. nov., Borboropactus edentatus sp. nov., Borboropactus longidens sp. nov., Lycopus longissimus sp. nov., Lysiteles furcatus sp. nov., Lysiteles leptosiphus sp. nov., Oxytate multa sp. nov., Ozyptila biprominula sp. nov., Paraborboropactus liangweii sp. nov., Paraborboropactus oblatus sp. nov., Thomisops altus sp. nov., Thomisus eminulus sp. nov. The species Philodamia gongi (Yin et al, 2004) comb. nov. is transferred from Tmarus and Sinothomisus hainanus (Song, 1994) comb. nov. from Xysticus. The species Lysiteles guangxiensis He & Hu, 1999 is a junior synonym of Alcimochthes limbatus Simon, 1885. The true females of B. hainanus Song, 1993 and Lysiteles minusculus Song & Chai, 1990 are described for the first time.
The Hadeninae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA
Authors: POGUE MICHAEL G.
Published: November 2018

Fifty-two species of Hadeninae are recorded from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee and North Carolina, USA. Of the six hadenine tribes, five are present in the Park. They include 13 species of Orthosiini, one species of Tholerini, ten species of Hadenini, nine species of Leucaniini, and 19 species of Eriopygini. A total of 160 localities were collected across the Park. The three most diverse localities in the Park were Purchase Knob with 44 species, Big Cove Road with 32 species, and Foothills Parkway with 24 species. The most widespread species in the Park was Pseudorthodes vecors from 59 localities. The most abundant species was Polia detracta with 210 specimens. Images of adults, description/diagnosis, flight period, collected localities, abundance, elevational range, general distribution, and larval hosts are presented for each species.
Trucidocynodon riograndensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Eucynodontia), a new cynodont from the Brazilian Upper Triassic (Santa Maria Formation)
Authors: DE OLIVEIRA TÉO VEIGA , SOARES MARINA BENTO , SCHULTZ CESAR LEANDRO
Published: November 2018

An almost complete skeleton of a new carnivorous cynodont from the Upper Triassic of Southern Brazil, Trucidocynodon riograndensis gen. nov. et sp. nov., is described. The new taxon is very similar to Ecteninion lunensis Martinez et al. 1996 from Upper Triassic of Argentina (Ischigualasto Formation). Both have an elongated skull, large pterygoid flanges, a well developed orbitosphenoid, a relatively short osseous secondary palate, greatly developed canines and sectorial postcanines with posteriorly directed cusps. However, the new taxon shows some differences relative to E. lunensis such as an open pterygoparoccipital foramen, the posterior opening of the post-temporal foramen enclosed by tabular and squamosal, and upper incisors with serrated cutting edges. The more remarkable features of the postcranium of T. riograndensis are the presence of 32 presacral vertebrae, a greater number than in most of non-mammaliaform cynodonts, the accentuated lumbarisation of the posterior trunk vertebrae and a remarkable morphological gradient in the caudal vertebrae; the femur and humerus show some interesting adaptations suggesting a more upright limb posture. The overall morphology of the astragalocalcaneal complex is similar to that of Diademodon and of the therocephalian Bauria.
Taxonomic revision of the Western Palaearctic bees of the subgenus Pseudomegachile (Hymenoptera, Apiformes, Megachilidae, Megachile)
Authors: DORCHIN ACHIK , PRAZ CHRISTOPHE J.
Published: November 2018

The subgenus Pseudomegachile Friese of the large genus Megachile Latreille is revised for the Western Palaearctic region, Iran, and the Arabian Peninsula. Twenty species are recognized, of which five are new: Megachile blepharis Dorchin & Praz from Israel, M. plumigera Dorchin & Praz from Oman and the United Arab Emirates, M. syriaca Dorchin & Praz from Syria and Turkey, M. yezidica Dorchin & Praz from Turkey and Iran, and M. maxschwarzi Dorchin & Praz from Iran and Central Asia. The following new synonymies are proposed: M. inermis Radoszkowski 1893 (as well as the replacement name M. mitis Cockerell 1899), M. albifasciata Rebmann 1970 and M. transgrediens Rebmann 1970 are placed in synonymy with M. saussurei Radoszkowski 1874; M. tuberculata Radoszkowski 1893 (as well as the replacement name M. tuberculosa Dalla Torre 1896) is placed in synonymy with M. seraxensis Radoszkowski 1893; M. rubripes Morawitz 1875 and M. persica Rebmann 1972 are placed in synonymy with M. flavipes Spinola 1838; M. stolzmanni Radoszkowski 1893 and M. flavidula Rebmann 1970 are placed in synonymy with M. tecta Radoszkowski 1888. Lectotypes are designated for M. cinnamomea Alfken 1926, M. nilotica Pérez 1897, M. inermis, M. seraxensis, M. tuberculata, M. farinosa Smith 1853, M. derasa Gerstäcker 1869, M. erythrocnemis Alfken 1930 and M. xanthocnemis Alfken 1938. An identification key is provided, a phylogenetic hypothesis including most species in the subgenus is presented, and the biology of the species is briefly summarized.
Sizing process of cotton yarn by size from a copolymer of methacrylic acid and hydrolyzed potato starch
Authors: Djordjevic Suzana , Kovacevic Stana , Djordjevic Dragan , Konstantinovic Sandra
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the synthesis, characterization and application of a copolymer as a sizing agent obtained by the grafting of methacrylic acid on hydrolyzed potato starch were investigated. Starch hydrolysis was performed in order to reduce the average molar mass (i.e. the size of the macromolecules). Grafting of methacrylic acid on hydrolyzed potato starch was performed to obtain a product that can be effective in textile processing, for example, for sizing yarn. The grafting of the monomer has been confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra of hydrolyzed and grafted potato starch. The distribution of molar masses was determined chromatographically. The results obtained by sizing of cotton yarn with the new starch agent confirmed its higher breaking strength, elongation, abrasion resistance, reduced hairiness, better evenness, etc. Grafted hydrolyzed potato starch (almost identical to the commercial medium) exhibits better performance as a potential agent for sizing cotton yarn than ungrafted hydrolyzed starch.
Nonlinear distributed model predictive control for complex systems: application for hydraulic system
Authors: Hajji Nadia , Maraoui Saber , Chrifi-Alaoui Larbi , Bouzrara Kais
Published: November 2018

In this paper, a nonlinear distributed model predictive control based on dual decomposition approach is proposed for complex system. The global system can be decomposed into several subsystems and each one will be managed by its own controller. To design the nonlinear predictive control in a distributed fashion, an analytical solution is proposed. The latter is based on the approximation of the error using its expansion of Taylor series. The proposed approach is implemented on the three tank system to control the water levels. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Reservoir characteristics in the Cretaceous volcanic rocks of Songliao Basin, China: A case of dynamics and evolution of the volcano-porosity and diagenesis
Authors: Sun Haitao , Zhong Dakang , Zhan Weijia
Published: November 2018

To explain the strong spatial heterogeneity of volcanic reservoirs porosity in the Songliao Basin and provide new ideas for predicting good volcanic reservoirs in other similar basins, the relationship between the pore evolution process and lithology of volcanic reservoirs has been described in this article. With the description and interpretation of core, thin section, scanning electron microscope, and the results of mercury injection experiment, this article clarifies the lithology, pore types, and pore structure features of the volcanic reservoirs in the Songliao Basin. The rocks of volcanic reservoirs in study area contain pyroclastic rock and volcanic lavas. The most common lithologies are rhyolite, volcanic breccia, and volcanic tuff. The pore size, morphology, and structure vary greatly between these three lithologies, the reason of which we think is the different volcanic eruption process as well as rock composition and its structure. The digenetic evolution of rhyolite includes gas dissipation of magmatic condensation; vesicles fulfilling by hydrothermal fluid; kaolinization and sericitization of feldspar phenocrysts; carbonation, devitrification, and recrystallization of felsic matrix; and finally, the dissolution of feldspar phenocrysts and felsic matrix. As for volcanic breccia, it usually go through the compaction, quartz and calcite filling the original pores between volcanic breccias, and dissolution of mineral debris together with tuff matrix. Similar with the rhyolite, volcanic tuff also undergoes the carbonation and kaolinization of felsic matrix, the dissolution of feldspar and felsic matrix, and compaction. Due to these comprehensive processes, a comprehensive analysis of volcanic rock lithology, which can indicate lithology distribution vertically and horizontally, is very necessary during volcanic reservoirs evaluation and prediction. These detailed analyses will help explorers to find potential reservoirs by distinguishing the diagenetic evolution and pore characteristic of volcanic reservoirs.
Tracking movements: Black activism, aerial surveillance, and transparency optics
Authors: Grinberg Daniel
Published: November 2018

This article examines the 2015 Baltimore uprisings that emerged in the wake of Freddie Gray’s death and the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) covert aerial surveillance of the protesters. It does so by investigating the records that the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) extracted from the government agency through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). The article first traces the process of discovering and circulating this corpus of information. It then considers what the digital disclosures, including 18-plus hours of aerial surveillance footage, can reveal about the racial and technological dimensions of contemporary state surveillance. In considering the agency’s strategies of public admission, I develop the concept of transparency optics and identify some of its potential logics at work. I then discuss these records’ epistemological limits, such as the shortcomings of analyzing digital processes through ocularcentric approaches. Finally, this article contrasts the FBI videos’ panoptic vantage of the protests with the embodied, ground-level perspective of a local participant’s documentary film.
Effects of the oxidative stress and genetic changes in varicose vein patients
Authors: Saribal Devrim , Kanber Eyup Murat , Hocaoglu-Emre Fatma Sinem , Akyolcu Mehmet C
Published: November 2018

Background

Etiology of the varicose veins is still partly known. It has been proposed that varicose veins formation might be a cause of the oxidative stress and/or cause from genetical reasons.

Method

The levels of antioxidant defense system enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and an oxidative stress indicator, malondialdehyde, were measured in saphenous vein samples of varicose veins patients. Additionally, genetical polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase theta-1 has been studied.

Result

In this study, measurements revealed significant increase in catalase and malondialdehyde levels in the patient group, whereas superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity and comparison of the null mutation frequency in the glutathione S-transferase theta-1 gene did not show a statistically significant difference.

Conclusion

We propose that the increase in catalase and malondialdehyde activities in our patient group may be related to each other. Increase in catalase levels, an antioxidant enzyme might be a compensatory response to the increase in malondialdehyde levels, an oxidative molecule.
Induction of pathological changes and impaired expression of cytokines in developing female rat spleen after chronic excess fluoride exposure
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Hong-wei , Zhao Wen-peng , Li Xiao-ting , Lin Lin , Zhou Bian-hua
Published: November 2018

This study was designed to investigate the effects of excessive fluoride on spleen toxicity. Twenty-four healthy female rats were randomly divided into two groups, each of 12 rats. Each group of female rats was given a control diet and either F− = 0 mg/L or an excessive F− = 150 mg/L in the drinking water for 120 days. The histomorphological and ultrastructural changes in their splenic tissues were observed under light and transmission electron microscopes. DNA damage and splenocyte apoptosis were examined using the micronucleus (MN) assay, single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE), and flow cytometry. The expression levels of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were determined through immunohistochemistry and Western-blot analysis. Results demonstrated that the histomorphological characteristics and ultrastructure of the splenic tissues were affected by excessive fluoride. Nuclear dying, nuclear membrane dissolution, mitochondrial vacuolation, and endoplasmic reticulum dilation were observed. SCGE and MN assays showed that the nuclear DNA of splenocytes was damaged by fluoride treatment, and splenocyte apoptosis was exacerbated in the fluoride group. With damage to the splenocyte structure and DNA, the protein expression levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly downregulated by exposure to fluoride. Excessive fluoride ingestion caused splenic pathological damage and abnormal cytokine expression in female rats.
Subclinical Saccadic Eye Movement Dysfunction in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Yousef Andrew , Devereux Michael , Gourraud Pierre-Antoine , Jonzzon Soren , Suleiman Leena , Waubant Emmanuelle , Green Ari , Graves Jennifer S.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Efferent visual dysfunction in children could lead to impaired quality of life at home and school. Eye-tracking can detect subtle efferent dysfunction missed on bedside examination but has not been validated in the pediatric multiple sclerosis population.

Objective:

We sought to determine the feasibility of eye-tracking in children and associations with multiple sclerosis.

Methods:

Participants meeting criteria for pediatric multiple sclerosis without acute efferent vision abnormalities and healthy controls were recruited. Multiple sclerosis participants underwent a clinical assessment and saccade and antisaccade testing paradigms. Intraclass correlation coefficients were generated for intertest repeatability. Adjusting for age and intereye correlations, generalized estimating equations compared latencies with case status, Expanded Disability Status Scale and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) scores.

Results:

We eye-tracked 15 children with multiple sclerosis (n = 30 eyes, mean age 15.6 ± 2.1, mean disease duration 3.9 years, median Expanded Disability Status Scale 1.5) compared to 6 healthy controls (n = 12 eyes, age 14.3 ± .95). The intraclass correlation coefficient for repeated trials was 0.85. Adjusting for age, saccadic latency was 60 milliseconds (ms) longer for cases than controls (95% confidence interval = 26.4, 93.8; P = .0005). For antisaccadic latency, we observed a similar trend of 60 ms longer for cases than controls ( P = .06).

Conclusion:

Eye-tracking is a short noninvasive examination, and high intertest repeatability supports use of eye-tracking technology in pediatric multiple sclerosis. Longer saccadic latencies were seen in children with multiple sclerosis despite short disease duration and low Expanded Disability Status Scale scores.
Health Professionals Perceived Concerns and Challenges in Providing Palliative and End-of-Life Care: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Price Deborah M. , Strodtman Linda K. , Montagnini Marcos , Smith Heather M. , Ghosh Bidisha
Published: November 2018

Background:

The Institute of Medicine identifies that quality palliative/end-of-life (EOL) care should be provided to patients with serious, life-limiting illnesses and their families by competently prepared health professionals.

Purpose:

This study assessed perceived concerns of health professionals pertaining to the delivery of palliative/EOL care in the hospital setting. The specific aim was to determine thematic concerns in the delivery of palliative/EOL care which emerged from respondents’ impressions of a memorable palliative/EOL patient experience.

Methods:

Interdisciplinary health professionals at a large academic health system in the Midwest were surveyed to reflect upon a memorable palliative/EOL life care patient situation (positive or negative). A Thematic Analysis approach was used to code qualitative responses to 4 open-ended questions and then extract themes and subthemes from the coded data.

Results:

Concerns identified by participants (N = 425) emerged around 7 themes including communication (97%), decision-making/care planning (75%), education needs (60%), EOL care (48%), ethics (24%), satisfaction with care (9%), and spiritual/cultural sensitivity (6%).

Conclusion:

Challenges exist in the delivery of quality palliative/EOL care in the hospital setting which may be addressed through educational initiatives that focus on recognition of cultural influences on care preferences, improving communication between patients/families and providers, education about the differences between palliative and EOL care, and increased competency of health providers in having EOL/goals-of-care discussions. Health professionals must recognize the benefit of collaborative palliative care in order to meet patient and family needs holistically and comprehensively.
Study of wave propagation in a half-space in the fractional-order theory of thermoelasticity using the new Caputo definition
Authors: Sherief Hany H , Raslan W E
Published: November 2018

Using fractional derivatives in the sense of new Caputo, we study a problem in the fractional-order theory of thermoelasticity. The problem concerns an elastic half-space. Asymptotic expansions are used. The approximate solution obtained is valid for small times, but the conducted study of wave propagation is exact for all times. We found that there are two waves emanating in the system. One wave, which is mainly mechanical, is traveling with a finite speed. The other wave, which is mainly thermal, was found to have infinite speed. The Laplace transform technique is used. Graphical results are presented and discussed for the relevant functions.
A Prospective Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin-A in the Management of Dysfunctional Voiding in Women
Authors: Krishnappa Pramod , Sinha Maneesh , Krishnamoorthy Venkatesh
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

To assess the outcomes of Botulinum Toxin-A (BoNT-A) to the external urethral sphincter (EUS) in dysfunctional voiding (DV) refractory to standard urotherapy and bowel management.

Methods:

Our criteria to diagnose DV in women included neurologically normal individuals with lower urinary tract symptoms, dilated proximal urethra on voiding cystourethrogram, and high detrusor pressure (PdetQmax > 20 cm H2O) associated with increased electromyography activity during voiding in urodynamic study (UDS). A total of 16 female patients with a median age of 36 years (5-60 years) received BoNT-A from June 2014 to December 2015. Patients below and above 10 years of age received 100 units and 200 units of BoNT-A to EUS, respectively. Patients were followed up till 6 months.

Results:

Mean AUA (American Urological Association) symptom score decreased significantly from 11.75 ± 6.14 to 5.06 ± 5.1 and 4.25 ± 3.4 at day 14 and day 45 after BoNT-A, respectively ( P < .0001). There were no significant improvements in maximal flow (Qmax) on uroflowmetry (UFM) and detrusor pressure at maximal flow (PdetQmax) in UDS. Significant reduction in post-void residual (PVR) from 69.31 ± 77.3 to 17.50 ± 22.3 mL at day 14 ( P = .007) was observed, although the reduction was not significant at day 45. Although minor adverse effects were reported, none were serious or life-threatening.

Conclusions:

Our study showed that BoNT-A plays a role in improvement of urinary symptoms and reduces PVR at D14 in DV, but showed no improvement in UFM and urodynamic parameters, albeit with limited numbers and limited follow-up.
Necessity of technicians for computerized neuropsychological assessment devices in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wojcik Curtis M , Rao Stephen M , Schembri Adrian J , Drake Allison S , Maruff Paul , Schindler David , Alberts Jay , Yasin Faizan , Pol Jeta , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Benedict Ralph HB
Published: November 2018

Objective:

Determine the influence of technician supervision on computer-administered cognitive tests in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods:

Eighty MS patients underwent assessment using the CogState Brief Battery (CSBB) and the Cleveland Clinic Cognitive Battery (C3B). Each was administered twice, once with a technician guiding assessment, and once with technician-absent. Twenty-eight healthy controls were also evaluated.

Results:

The influence of technician guidance was not statistically significant for group means on either test. For CSBB, administration problems were more common in the technician-absent condition.

Conclusion:

In this MS sample, reliable and valid test results were obtained from computer-assisted cognitive testing without technician guidance.