bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of Luminescent Three‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks for Molecular Decoding of Wide Organic Compounds
Authors: Chen Dan , Jia Xu , Zuo Jiarui , Zheng Xuhan , Sun Qingzhu , Liu Hui , Zhao Yingjie
Published: January 2025

Constructing highly conjugated three‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs), particularly those with luminescent features, remains a significant challenge. In this work, we successfully synthesized a 3D COF, named 3D‐Py‐SP‐COF, using a rigid and orthogonal spirobifluorene building block for the spatial 3D structure construction and planar pyrene as luminescent units. The incorporation of the pyrene and the unique rigid 3D network structure endow 3D‐Py‐SP‐COF with fluorescent properties. The successful formation of this 3D COF was verified by FT‐IR, solid‐state 13C CP‐MAS NMR. Structural simulations based on the experimental powder X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that 3D‐Py‐SP‐COF adopted a two‐fold interpenetrated pts topology. The highly conjugated porous framework and fluorescent nature allow precise detection and localization of more than two dozen volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including aromatics, alcohols, and other commonly encountered industrial VOCs.
Triune Engineering Approach for (+)‐valencene Overproduction in Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Chen Ying , Su Liqiu , Liu Qi , Zhang Ge , Chen Hongyang , Wang Qinhong , Jia Kaizhi , Dai Zongjie
Published: January 2025

The sesquiterpene (+)‐valencene, with its flavor and diverse biological functions, holds promise for applications in the food, fragrance, and pharmaceutical industries. However, the low concentration in nature and high cost of extraction limit its application. This study aimed to construct a microbial cell factory to efficiently produce (+)‐valencene. The strain Yarrowia lipolytica YL238, possessing a stronger capacity for (+)‐valencene synthesis, was selected and utilized as the chassis for further modifications. By fine‐tuning the mevalonate and squalene synthesis pathways we achieved a remarkable 13.2‐fold increase in (+)‐valencene titer compared to the original strain. Following directed evolution was employed to screen for efficient (+)‐valencene synthase, which further enhanced (+)‐valencene production by 138%. Consequently, the engineered strain overproduced 813 mg/L of (+)‐valencene in shake flasks, marking the highest titer reported in microbials to date. Furthermore, in fed‐batch fermentation, this engineered strain showed the capacity to produce 3.3 g/L of (+)‐valencene. This study offers a successful model for the application of the “strain‐pathway‐enzyme” triune strategy in the metabolic engineering of Y. lipolytica, and these methodologies could be broadly utilized for the synthesis of other natural terpenes.
Compulsive sexual behaviours and relational consequences: A phenomenological study on intimate female partner impacts
Authors: Seyed Aghamiri Fakri , Luetz Johannes M. , Hills Karenne
Published: January 2025

Background

Studies on sexual addiction (SA) and compulsive sexual behaviour (CSB) outline a new area of counselling research touching on a variety of social, gendered, and cultural repercussions for those who are affected, including individuals, families, intimate partners, and society. Taboos surrounding SA/CSB frequently cast the topic in an ignorant and shameful light.

Aims/Methods

Although SA/CSB in men is gaining scholarly attention, very few studies have examined the complex relational effects on intimate female partners (FPs). This study closes this knowledge gap through a descriptive phenomenological research design. Using in‐depth semi‐structured interviews, FPs (n = 12) and professional therapists (n = 15) articulated relational impacts and experiences.

Results/Discussion

The results reveal intra‐ and inter‐relational fractures, often contributing to detective work, self‐harm, and suicidal ideation in SA/CSB‐affected women.

Conclusion

For a variety of stakeholder groups, this study is important because it highlights methods by which academics, therapists, and religious organisations might provide more specialised support during the healing and recovery process.
Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence Diagnosed Late in the Third Trimester: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Dejene Tafese , Kebede Abdi , Fetensa Getahun , Bekele Delayehu , Mesfin Telila , Hussen Kelil
Published: January 2025

The twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is a rare complication associated with monochorionic twins. It is characterized by blood flow from the umbilical artery of the normal (pump) twin to the umbilical artery of the abnormal (acardiac) twin via artery‐to‐artery anastomosis. This condition is associated with 100% mortality in the acardiac twin and a high rate of perinatal morbidity and mortality in the pump twin, primarily due to intrauterine hypoxic injury, heart failure, and prematurity. Following delivery, the surviving pump twin may experience adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes and heart failure, necessitating ongoing follow‐up care. The goal of managing pregnancies complicated by the TRAP sequence is to deliver a healthy, near‐term pump twin through early detection, timely intervention, and continuous follow‐up. However, in low‐resource settings, such as the case presented here, the condition may progress undiagnosed into the third trimester due to a lack of experienced physicians and/or obstetric ultrasound scans. This case report serves as an entry point for a comprehensive review of the literature on management options for the TRAP sequence, specifically focusing on factors to consider when managing patients conservatively in resource‐limited environments or in cases that are referred or diagnosed late.
Easily Accessible and Solution‐Stable Ni(0) Precatalysts for High‐Throughput Experimentation
Authors: Thomas Gilian T. , Cruise Odhran D. , Peel‐Smith Daelin , Fernández Nahiane Pipaón , Killeen Charles , Leitch David C.
Published: January 2025

We report the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic applications of N,N’‐diaryl diazabutadiene (DAB) Ni(0) complexes stabilized by alkene ligands. These complexes are soluble and stable in several organic solvents, making them ideal candidates for in situ catalyst formation during high‐throughput experimentation (HTE). We used HTE to evaluate these Ni(0) precatalysts in a variety of Suzuki and C−N coupling reactions, and they were found to have equal or better performance than the still‐standard Ni(0) source, Ni(COD)2.
A Simple and Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of a 2,3‐Difluorosialic Acid‐Based Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Inhibitor
Authors: El‐Deeb Ibrahim M. , von Itzstein Mark
Published: January 2025

3‐Fluoroneuraminosyl fluorides are invaluable probes for studying the catalytic mechanism of sialidases (neuraminidases), and as sialidase inhibitors. Significantly, when a C‐3 equatorial fluorine is installed on a C‐4 functionalised N‐acylneuraminic acid (Neu)‐based template, the compounds are potent and selective inhibitors of both influenza and parainfluenza sialidases, and of virus replication. Typically, the reported syntheses of 3‐fluoroneuraminosyl fluorides involve either an enzymatic or a chemical synthesis that have uncontrolled stereoselectivity in the introduction of fluorine at C‐3 of Neu and consequently yield a mixture of C‐3 ax and C‐3 eq fluoro derivatives. We now report a simple approach for the exquisitely stereo‐controlled introduction of the C‐3 equatorial fluorine on Neu by incorporation of steric bulk at C‐4. Through this method, we have elaborated a novel synthetic route that exclusively produces the potent anti‐influenza drug candidate; 2,3‐difluoro‐zanamivir analogue with C‐3 eq fluoride.
Optimizing WSN Network Lifetime With Federated Learning–Based Routing
Authors: S Jim Hawkinson , SM Ramesh , A Sundar Raj , B Gomathy
Published: January 2025

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become essential in applications such as environmental monitoring and smart infrastructure due to their ability to provide real‐time data collection and analysis. However, WSNs face significant challenges related to limited battery life and the need for efficient energy management, which can impact their performance and longevity. Traditional routing protocols often fail to adapt to dynamically changing conditions and energy constraints inherent in WSNs, necessitating innovative approaches to enhance energy efficiency and network longevity. This paper introduces a federated learning–based adaptive routing (FLAR) model designed to address these issues by integrating federated learning with adaptive routing protocols. The primary aim of this research is to optimize energy utilization across the network and extend the operational lifespan of WSNs. The novelty of the proposed FLAR model lies in its unique combination of energy‐aware participant selection (EaPS), adaptive model compression (AMC), and dynamic data sampling (DDS), which collectively enhance energy efficiency and adapt dynamically to changing network environments. The FLAR model was simulated and analyzed using Network Simulator 2 (NS2) under various network conditions and node densities. The results demonstrate that the FLAR model significantly outperforms traditional protocols by reducing energy consumption by up to 30% and enhancing network longevity by approximately 25%. Additionally, the proposed methodology improves packet delivery ratio and reduces latency, making it a robust solution for sustainable WSN deployment. Overall, the FLAR model offers a significant advancement in WSN technology by effectively managing energy resources and dynamically adapting to network changes.
A Pervasive Model to Evaluate and Ranking the Best 5G Mobile by Cross‐Entropy and TOPSIS Method
Authors: Dwivedi Pankaj Prasad , Sharma Dilip Kumar
Published: January 2025

The development of the new 5G mobile generation is among the most significant and recent breakthroughs in communications and information technology. Compared to older networks, the most recent wireless cellular technology offers more capacity, dependable connections, and quicker upload and download rates. The newest generation of mobile phones, or 5G phones, have significantly quicker speeds and are more dependable. They have the potential to completely change the way we access social media, websites, and information. This study was carried out to address the issue that many 5G mobile users frequently face when deciding which phone is best for them based on many factors. This study contributes to putting out a strategy for assessing and ranking the various 5G mobile possibilities in light of consumers' order of predilections in multicriteria decision‐making (MCDM). In this study, we studied 15 different 5G mobiles based on data from mobile companies with 10 criteria. First, the most appealing criteria that affect a person's decision about a 5G mobile are determined. This is accomplished by a survey of the target audience, the expertise of industry professionals in the communications area, and research in the literature. For assessing the 5G mobile alternatives, the TOPSIS approach is employed, and the relative weights of assessment criteria are calculated by the cross‐entropy approach, which is new in terms of MCDM. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the suggested strategy.
Amyloid‐related changes in fluency in patients with subjective cognitive decline
Authors: van den Berg Rosanne L. , Butterbrod Elke , de Boer Casper , Schlüter Lisa‐Marie , van Harten Argonde C. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , van de Giessen Elsmarieke , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Sikkes Sietske A. M.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

We examined semantic and phonemic fluency in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in relation to amyloid status and clinical progression.

METHODS

A total of 490 individuals with SCD (62 ± 8 years, 42% female, 28% amyloid‐positive, 17% clinical progression) completed annual fluency assessments (mean ± SD follow‐up 4.3 ± 2.9 years). Associations between fluency trajectories, amyloid status, and clinical progression were examined with linear mixed models and joint models.

RESULTS

Amyloid‐positive individuals declined faster than amyloid‐negative individuals on semantic fluency (B = −0.35, p < 0.001), but not on phonemic fluency (B = −0.06, p = 0.218). An annual decline of one word in semantic and phonemic fluency was associated with 22% (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.22, p < 0.001) and 28% (HR = 1.28, p = 0.004) increased risk of clinical progression.

DISCUSSION

Our results indicate that decline in semantic fluency is an early indicator of cognitive deficits in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

Highlights

Abnormal amyloid burden is associated with decline in semantic fluency.

Fluency trajectories are associated with an increased risk of clinical progression.

More refined measures are needed to detect the earliest language deficits.
sTREM2 in discordant CSF Aβ42 and p‐tau181
Authors: Li Danni , Mantyh William G. , Men Lu , Jain Ishika , Glittenberg Matthew , An Binchong , Zhang Lin , Li Ling ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Little is known about the factors underpinning discordant cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ)42 versus p‐tau181/Aβ42 or CSF Aβ42 versus Aβ positron emission tomography (PET).

METHODS

We stratified 570 non‐demented Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants by Aβ PET and further by CSF Aβ42 or p‐tau181/Aβ42. We used analysis of covariance testing adjusting for covariates, followed by Tukey post hoc pairwise comparisons, to compare CSF soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐2 (sTREM2) across four participant groups: CSF+ Aβ42 with CSF− p‐tau/Aβ42, CSF− Aβ42 with CSF+ p‐tau/Aβ42, and concordant CSFAβ42/CSFp‐tau/Aβ42. We also compared sTREM2 across discordant and concordant CSFAβ42/PET.

RESULTS

Regardless of Aβ PET status, CSF+Aβ42 with CSF−p‐tau/Aβ42 had lower sTREM2 than CSF−Aβ42 with CSF+p‐tau/Aβ42. CSF sTREM2 was similarly also associated with discordant CSF Aβ42 /PET.

DISCUSSION

Our study suggests the potential roles of sTREM2 in discordant CSF Aβ42 and p‐tau181/Aβ42 and discordant CSFAβ42/PET. Low‐ and high‐CSF sTREM2 may affect the accuracy of p‐tau181/Aβ42 during the clinical work‐up of AD.

Highlights

17% of non‐demented older adults had discordant CSF Aβ42 versus p‐tau181/Aβ42.

sTREM2 differed between discordant cases of CSF Aβ42 versus p‐tau181/Aβ42.

20% of non‐demented older adults had discordant CSF Aβ42 versus Aβ PET.

sTREM2 also differed between discordant cases of CSF Aβ42 versus Aβ PET.

p‐tau181/Aβ42 may miss 6.7% of PET+ non‐demented older adults with low sTREM2.
Power Superposition Control Method of Power for Position Sensor Using a Single‐Phase Transformer on the Power Lines of a PMSM
Authors: Kiribuchi Takeshi , Inoue Yukinori , Morimoto Shigeo
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a method for extracting constant power from transformers on power lines is presented. The secondary side power equation is obtained based on the circuit equation for power superposition using a single‐phase transformer. Using this equation, an area discrimination method of the speed versus torque characteristics of the permanent magnet synchronous motor and a power superposition control method in the area are proposed. To validate the proposed method, the discrimination method was verified via simulation and experiment with boundary conditions. Similarly, the power superposition control method was verified via simulation and experiment, with the command current controlled using a power estimator. The results verify the discrimination and power superposition control methods.
APOC1 inhibit NKTCL doxorubicin sensitivity by promoting mitophagy
Authors: Xiao Sa , Kuang Jing , yang Jiamei , Wang Haili , sun Yuanyuan , Zhang Haipeng , Zhang Zhongyu , Shi Mengyuan , Qi Kai , Jiang Miao , Zhang Yanyan , Chen Qingjiang , Zhang Xudong
Published: January 2025

NKTCL is a highly aggressive malignant tumor, especially prevalent in the southern regions of China. Although chemotherapy regimens based on ADM have achieved certain therapeutic effects in early treatment, the issue of ADM resistance severely limits the therapeutic efficacy and makes it difficult to improve patient survival rates. Our research results indicate that the expression level of APOC1 is closely related to the sensitivity of NKTCL cells to ADM. The upregulation of APOC1 may promote mitophagy, clear damaged mitochondria, stabilize the intracellular environment, and enhance the tolerance of tumor cells to ADM. Furthermore, APOC1 may further affect the formation of mitophagy and drug resistance by activating specific signaling pathways, such as the STAT3 signaling pathway. Animal experiments further confirm the conclusions of in vitro experiments, showing that APOC1 regulates mitophagy through p‐STAT3Tyr705, thereby promoting the drug resistance of NKTCL. These findings provide a new perspective for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting APOC1 and its associated signaling pathways, which may help overcome the issue of ADM resistance in NKTCL.
Phenotypic variability and the gender paradox in the R363C variant of Fabry disease
Authors: Leslie Alison C. , Jarnes Jeanine , Ahmed Alia , Shrestha Sofia , Wang Jeffrey , Whitley Chester B. , Pillai Nishitha R.
Published: January 2025

Fabry disease is an X‐linked lysosomal disease caused by variants in the GLA gene. Although Fabry disease is X‐linked, GLA gene variants in females can exhibit a wide range of symptoms, challenging the traditional view of Fabry as an X‐linked recessive disease. A family is presented here with a 36‐year‐old female who is symptomatic with chronic kidney disease and her oligosymptomatic 70‐year‐old father, both of whom have a heterozygous and hemizygous GLA pathogenic variant, respectively, c.1087C>T (p.R363C). Interestingly, the proband's Lyso‐GL‐3 levels were lower than her father's despite her more severe clinical presentation. The discordance between clinical severity and Lyso‐GL‐3 levels, particularly in the context of migalastat therapy, raises questions about the appropriate interpretation and use of this biomarker. The earlier and more severe symptom onset in the female proband suggests the potential role of genetic modifiers or other factors influencing disease expression. This report underscores the complexity of Fabry disease phenotypes and the limitations of current biomarkers in predicting disease severity, particularly in females. The observed paradox between clinical symptoms and biomarker levels suggests the need for a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving phenotypic variability in Fabry disease.
Risk Factors for Co‐Infections in Patients With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome
Authors: Sun Shu‐Han , Liu Ruo‐Nan , Zhang Shu‐Jing , Wang Zhong‐Xin
Published: January 2025

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging viral hemorrhagic fever with a high fatality rate and notable public health impact, caused by a novel phlebovirus, primarily transmitted through infected tick bites. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of co‐infections among hospitalized patients with SFTS, characterize isolated pathogens, and evaluate demographics, clinical features, and laboratory variations to identify potential risk factors for co‐infections. In a cohort of 78 SFTS patients categorized into co‐infection and non‐co‐infection groups, 44.9% (35/78) experienced co‐infections, with a 25.7% mortality rate in that subgroup. Pulmonary and bloodstream infections, particularly fungal infections, were most common, and earlier onset of co‐infections correlated with higher fatality. Univariable logistic regression identified significant risk factors, followed by multivariable analysis to determine independent predictors. Changes in mental status, hemorrhage, deep venous or arterial catheterization, mechanical ventilation, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) > 55 s, albumin < 37.5 g/L, interleukin‐6 > 18.700 pg/mL, and interleukin‐10 > 21.300 pg/mL emerged as significant risk factors, with hemorrhagic symptoms and low albumin remaining independent predictors. Internal validation through bootstrap resampling yielded a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.795 (95% CI: 0.706–0.868). These findings suggest that early recognition of these predictors may improve co‐infection management in SFTS patients, leading to better clinical outcomes and more informed clinical decisions.
Successful Diagnosis of Sengers Syndrome Using a Comprehensive Genomic Analysis
Authors: Nakamura Kohta , Yatsuka Yukiko , Naito Sachie , Hasegawa Akira , Kasukawa Takeya , Kondo Atsushi , Kishita Yoshihito , Sugiyama Yohei , Onuki Takanori , Ebihara Tomohiro , Tsuruoka Tomoko , Fushimi Takuya , Ohtake Akira , Murayama Kei , Imai‐Okazaki Atsuko , Okazaki Yasushi
Published: January 2025

Background

Sengers syndrome is an autosomal recessive mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome characterized by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, congenital cataracts, skeletal myopathy, exercise intolerance, and lactic acidosis. Dysfunction of acylglycerol kinase (AGK) is responsible for the disease, and several AGK gene variants have been reported.

Methods

We employed a comprehensive genomic analysis approach, including whole‐genome sequencing and RNA sequencing, combined with various bioinformatics tools.

Results

Our analysis successfully diagnosed Sengers syndrome in a patient by detecting a known pathogenic variant and a previously unreported large deletion involving the AGK gene in a segmental duplication.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining multiple genomic analysis approaches for the accurate diagnosis of Sengers syndrome, particularly in cases involving complex genetic variations such as large deletions in segmental duplications.
Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Substituted‐Vanillin Hydrazones of Anthranilic Acid and Their Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐One Analogues as Anti Breast Cancer Agents
Authors: Hacıosmanoğlu‐Aldoğan Ebru , Çakır Furkan , Yetke Hande İpek , Tokalı Feyzi Sinan , Şenol Halil
Published: January 2025

This study synthesized a total of 18 new anthranilic acid hydrazones and quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives, evaluating their cytotoxicity against the MCF7 and HUVEC cell lines. The anticancer effects of these compounds and their interactions with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and HER2 through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that most compounds exhibited higher selectivity for MCF7 cells compared to HUVEC cells, with compounds 12, 13, 14, 23, and 29 showing superior efficacy over the standard drug 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). Notably, compound 12 displayed the highest selectivity index (SI = 3.9) and an IC50 of 77.3 µM against MCF7 cells. Compounds 14 and 29 also demonstrated significant selectivity indices of 3.0 and 3.5, respectively, with IC50 values of 111.4 µM and 74.0 µM against MCF7 cells. Molecular docking studies identified compounds 14 and 29 as strong inhibitors of ERα and HER2, with stable interactions and favorable binding profiles in docking and MD analyses. Furthermore, ADME analysis indicated good drug like properties for most compounds, aligning with Lipinski's rule of five, supporting their potential as orally bioavailable drugs. This research highlights compounds 14, and 29 as promising candidates for targeted breast cancer therapy via inhibition of ERα and HER2
Tuning the Spin State of Co Accelerates Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Pt Nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng Qian , An Wei , Pan Jianxin , Yu Fengshan , Du Yizhang , Cui Jian , Song Weiyu , Xu Shengming , Wang Chunxia , Huang Guoyong , Yan Yi‐Ming
Published: January 2025

The quest for dynamic and cost‐effective electrocatalysts to substitute carbon‐supported platinum (Pt) in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a pressing challenge. The incorporation of transition metal atoms through electron donation and spin regulation dominates the HER performance of Pt nanoparticles. Herein, we demonstrate that Co‐N coordination was utilized to regulate and stabilize the chemical microenvironment of Pt nanoparticles to fabricate hybrid electrocatalysts (Pt/CoNC). The resultant Pt/CoNC delivers ultralow overpotentials of 15.2 and 171.2 mV at current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, surpassing commercial Pt/C. The poisoning tests, where η10 values of Pt/CoNC depict negative shifts of 161 and 13 mV by potassium thiocyanide (KSCN) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA), suggest the combined impact of Pt nanoparticles and Co‐N coordination on HER, with Pt nanoparticles playing a decisive role. The magnetic characterization and spin density diagrams reveal that Pt induces a higher spin state of Co2+, creating a wider spin‐related channel for electron donation to Pt. Moreover, Co‐N effectively modifies the electronic structure of Pt, thereby reducing the energy barriers for H2O dissociation (from 0.41 to −0.22 eV) and H2 generation (from −0.35 to 0.03 eV). This finding provides insights to fabricate advanced electrocatalysts through regulating spin state and modulating interfacial electron transfer.
Direct Methane to Methanol Conversion: An Overview of Non‐Syn Gas Catalytic Strategies
Authors: Rajeev Anjana , Mohammed Thasnim P , George Akhila , Sankaralingam Muniyandi
Published: January 2025

Direct methane to methanol conversion is a dream reaction in industrial chemistry, which takes inspiration from the biological methanol production catalysed by methane monooxygenase enzymes (MMOs). Over the years, extensive studies have been conducted on this topic by bioengineering the MMOs, and tailoring methods to isolate the MMOs in the active form. Similarly, remarkable achievements have been noted in other methane activation strategies such as the use of heterogeneous catalysts or molecular catalysts. In this review, we outline the methane metabolism performed by methanotrophs and detail the latest advancements in the active site structures and catalytic mechanisms of both types of MMOs. Also, recent progress in the bioinspired approaches using various heterogeneous catalysts, especially first‐row transition metal zeolites and the mechanistic insights are discussed. In addition, studies using molecular complexes such as “Periana catalyst” for methane to methanol conversion through methyl ester formation in the presence of strong acids are also detailed. Compared to the progress noted in the metal zeolites‐mediated methane activation field, the utilisation of molecular catalysts or MMOs for this application is still in its nascent phase and further research is required to overcome the limitations of these methods effectively.
Impact of Antithrombotic Therapy on Thrombotic and Bleeding Complications after Elective Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Kranendonk Josephine , Vermulst Ad A. , van der Veen Daphne , Kramers Cornelis , Warlé Michiel C. , Reijnen Michel M. P. J.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To investigate the influence of antithrombotic therapy on occurrence of thrombotic and bleeding complications after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).

Methods

In this retrospective single-center cohort study, patients who underwent elective endovascular aneurysm repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm were categorized into three antithrombotic groups: single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT), anticoagulants, or dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Outcome measures were the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), prosthetic limb occlusions, and bleeding complications during follow-up.

Results

Among 616 patients (SAPT: n = 450, anticoagulants: n = 84, and DAPT: n = 82), Kaplan–Meier analysis showed no significant difference (log-rank p = 0.37) in incidence of MACE between patients receiving SAPT (20.9%), anticoagulants (25.0%), and DAPT (14.6%) during a median follow-up of almost 4 years. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, only age (HR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.01–1.06, p = 0.01) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification (HR = 1.46; 95% CI 1.12–1.91; p = 0.01) were significant predictors for MACE. Prosthetic limb occlusion was observed in 38 patients during a median follow-up of 4 years; incidence between patients receiving SAPT (5.8%), anticoagulants (10.7%), and DAPT (3.7%) was not significantly different (log-rank p = 0.08). Age (HR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.92–1.00; p = 0.03) and use of anticoagulants (HR = 3.79, 95% CI 1.46–9.83; p < 0.01) were significant predictors for prosthetic limb occlusion. Bleeding complications occurred in 73 patients during median follow-up of almost 4 years, without significant difference (log rank p = 0.06) in incidence between patients receiving SAPT (10.7%), anticoagulants (19.0%), and DAPT (11.0%). ASA classification (HR = 1.74; 95% CI 1.23–2.46; p < 0.01) was a significant predictor for bleeding complications.

Conclusion

Use of anticoagulants after EVAR appears to be associated with a higher risk of prosthetic limb occlusion compared to the use of single or dual antiplatelet therapy.

Graphical Abstract
Exploiting somatic oncogenic driver alterations in a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome– paving the path towards precision medicine: a case report
Authors: Seeling Carolin , Dahlum Sonja , Marienfeld Ralf , Jan Vera , Rack Brigitte , Gerstenmaier Uwe , Beer Ambros J. , Mayer-Steinacker Regine , Thaiss Wolfgang , Barth Thomas F. E. , Seufferlein Thomas , Gaisa Nadine T. , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Janni Wolfgang , Siebert Reiner , Döhner Hartmut , Gaidzik Verena I.
Published: January 2025

Background

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is an autosomal dominant tumor predisposition syndrome characterized by a high familial incidence of various malignancies. It results from pathogenic/likely pathogenic heterozygous constitutional variants of the TP53 gene. Due to impaired DNA damage repair, conventional cytotoxic therapies or radiotherapy should be avoided whenever feasible to mitigate the high incidence of treatment-related secondary malignancies in these patients. However, there is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of targeted therapy approaches in LFS patients.

Case presentation

We present the case of a woman with breast cancer and subsequent osteosarcoma, both treated with surgery and chemotherapy. Constitutional genetic germline testing identified a pathogenic TP53 variant in line with the clinical features of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Subsequent molecular analysis of the osteosarcoma tissue revealed homozygous loss of the CDKN2A gene locus, warranting treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Palbociclib therapy was discontinued after one year with no evidence of disease. One year later, ovarian cancer was diagnosed, with molecular analysis indicating interstitial heterozygous loss of the BRCA2 gene locus, providing a rationale for targeted therapy with the PARP inhibitor olaparib.

Conclusions

In the era of accessible and comprehensive genetic and phenotypic tumor profiling, this case study of a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome underscores the success of precision oncology in harnessing additional somatic oncogenic driver alterations. Furthermore, it emphasizes the indispensable role of an interdisciplinary molecular tumor board, enhancing the awareness of molecular profiling and targeted therapies in patients with rare cancer susceptibility disorders.
Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Balantioides coli in pigs raised in Italy
Authors: Allievi Carolina , Ponce-Gordo Francisco , Villa Luca , Zanon Alessandro , Valleri Marco , Zanzani Sergio Aurelio , Mortarino Michele , Manfredi Maria Teresa
Published: January 2025

Balantioides coli is the only ciliated protist of both human and veterinary interest and colonises the large intestine of several hosts, including humans and pigs. Given the scarcity of data on B. coli circulation in pigs in Italy, a study was planned to record its prevalence and genetic types and compare the analytical sensitivity of two copromicroscopic techniques. For this purpose, 880 faecal samples were collected from pigs raised in 22 farms located in northern Italy and analysed with the sedimentation and the FLOTAC® dual technique, employing sodium chloride and zinc sulphate flotation solutions, and the Cohen’s kappa coefficient was calculated to assess the agreement between these methods. Conventional PCR to amplify the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was subsequently performed on 22 samples, one for each farm, which were positive for B. coli cysts by sedimentation; when more than one sequence was detected in the chromatograms, the PCR products were cloned. Overall, 813 samples were positive for B. coli cysts by sedimentation (92.4%), and moderate concordance with the zinc-based FLOTAC® technique was observed, whereas the agreement was slight with the salt-based FLOTAC® technique. Among the 22 sequenced samples, type B was amplified in 19 samples, type A in two samples, and both A and B types were co-expressed in one sample. This study demonstrated a high prevalence of B. coli in Italian pigs; further insights are needed to trace its distribution and genetic polymorphism in other pig production categories and in humans, defining its public health significance.
From frontlines to online: examining target preferences in the Russia–Ukraine conflict
Authors: Tavakkoli Nasim , Çetin Orçun , Ekmekcioglu Emre , Savaş Erkay
Published: January 2025

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks have become a prominent threat in the digital landscape, with their frequency and impact magnifying during geopolitical conflicts. The Ukraine-Russia conflict, which commenced in February 2022, witnessed a surge in DDoS attacks, becoming the most common type of cyber assault during this period. This study examines the frequency and patterns of DDoS attacks throughout the Russo-Ukraine cyberwarfare, identifying the sectors most affected. By analyzing messages from Telegram channels containing IP addresses and URLs, we identified 4,612 unique victim domain names, with 3,090 targeted by Ukrainian hacktivist groups (pro-Ukrainian) and 1,522 by Russian hacktivist groups (pro-Russian). We observed distinct DDoS attack patterns between pro-Ukrainian and pro-Russian collectives. Ukrainian groups exhibited peak activity during May, June, and July, with a noticeable decline towards the end of 2022. In contrast, the pro-Russian group’s activities intensified in late 2022. Our investigation highlights that pro-Ukrainian collectives, particularly ‘IT Army of Ukraine 2022’, were the most active in conducting DDoS attacks and operated with higher synchronicity. Our findings also indicate that crucial portals for information and services, particularly those related to news, government, business, finance, and travel, were consistently targeted by DDoS attacks. The majority of these victim domains lacked adequate DDoS protection during the assaults, with few improving their security measures post-attack. The study also reveals that DDoS attacks predominantly occurred on Saturdays, Sundays, and Mondays. Our results underscore the necessity for enhanced cybersecurity measures in vulnerable sectors to mitigate the impact of DDoS attacks during times of conflict.
Tidal Deformation and Dissipation Processes in Icy Worlds
Authors: Tobie G. , Auclair-Desrotour P. , Běhounková M. , Kervazo M. , Souček O. , Kalousová K.
Published: January 2025

Tidal interactions play a key role in the dynamics and evolution of icy worlds. The intense tectonic activity of Europa and the eruption activity on Enceladus are clear examples of the manifestation of tidal deformation and associated dissipation. While tidal heating has long been recognized as a major driver in the activity of these icy worlds, the mechanism controlling how tidal forces deform the different internal layers and produce heat by tidal friction still remains poorly constrained. As tidal forcing varies with orbital characteristics (distance to the central planet, eccentricity, obliquity), the contribution of tidal heating to the internal heat budget can strongly change over geological timescales. In some circumstances, the tidally-produced heat can result in internal melting and surface activity taking various forms. Even in the absence of significant heat production, tidal deformation can be used to probe the interior structure, the tidal response of icy moons being strongly sensitive to their hydrosphere structure. In the present paper, we review the methods to compute tidal deformation and dissipation in the different layers composing icy worlds. After summarizing the main principle of tidal deformation and the different rheological models used to model visco-elastic tidal response, we describe the dissipation processes expected in rock-dominated cores, subsurface oceans and icy shells and highlight the potential effects of tidal heating in terms of thermal evolution and activity. We finally anticipate how data collected by future missions to Jupiter’s and Saturn’s moons could be used to constrain their tidal response and the consequences for past and present activities.
Varieties of normativity and mental health: an enactive approach
Authors: García Enara , Barandiaran Xabier E.
Published: January 2025

In recent years, (autonomy-centered) enactivism has been used to provide an integrative and relational account of mental conditions. A significant advancement lies in its naturalized and pluralistic treatment of normativity, which transcends traditional objectivist and normativist dichotomies. This article explores the varieties of normativity within this paradigm and their implications for understanding mental conditions. We address purported challenges associated with the integration of social normativity into the enactive naturalistic framework of cognition, particularly concerning mental conditions. Drawing upon the distinction between the constitution problem and the status problem, we conceptualize mental conditions as intersubjectively constituted with an intersubjectively negotiated status. Adopting a participatory sense-making perspective, we address three challenges posed by social movements: (1) Hermeneutical dilemmas related to the ontological openness of mental health categories. (2) The difficulties and urgency to mitigate epistemic injustices. (3) The complex attribution of (social) responsibility in psychological wellbeing. In conclusion, this perspective prompts a reevaluation of epistemological assumptions, advocating for a second-person and engaged perspective on mental conditions.
TEN KEY PRIORITIES, INNOVATIONS AND ACTIONS TO MITIGATE THE CLIMATE CRISIS
Authors: Ludden John N. , Howitt Caroline
Published: January 2025

We discuss ten key priorities, innovations and actions to mitigate the climate crisis. These priorities were identified by the Hutton Series on Climate Change, which took place across 2020–2021 at Adam Smith’s Panmure House. The Hutton Series brought together a diverse cross section of experts, business leaders, scientists and concerned citizens in open discourse around energy, climate change and resource use and availability. The priorities highlight the increasing need for reasoned debate and action between industry, NGOs, government and the public.
Correlation Between Speed of the Leader and Peak Current of the Return Stroke in Negative Lightning Flashes
Authors: Cruz Ivan T. , Saba Marcelo M. F. , Silva José Claudio O. , Abbasi Rasha U. , Hunt Hugh G. P. , Schumann Carina , da Silva Diego R. R. , da Silva Tagianne P. , Lauria Paola B. , Kieu Ny T.
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes the two‐dimensional speed profiles of 107 stepped leaders and 93 dart leaders recorded by high‐speed cameras in Utah (USA), together with data from lightning location system. The results shows that the final and average speed of the stepped leader has a very strong (R = 0.82) and strong (R = 0.71) correlation with the peak current of the return stroke. It also shows that 91% of the stepped leaders increased their speed near the ground (average increase of 69%). The same analysis for dart leaders shows weak correlation with the peak current of the prospective return stroke (R = 0.39 to average speed and R = 0.28 to final speed). This paper briefly discusses why peak current is better correlated with final speed than with the average speed, and why stepped leaders exhibit a significant correlation, while dart leaders do not.
Rough Topography and Fast Baroclinic Rossby Waves
Authors: Davis T. J. , Radko T. , Brown J. M. , Dewar W. K.
Published: January 2025

Oceanographic observations have revealed that basin‐scale Rossby waves can travel at speeds systematically exceeding values predicted by linear theory based on the flat‐bottom approximation. Using the recently developed parametric “sandpaper” theory of seafloor roughness, we construct a set of analytical solutions for the vertical structure and dispersion relationship of Rossby waves. We then use simulations to confirm these results and show that baroclinic Rossby waves can be accelerated by irregular small‐scale rough topography by up to a factor of 1.6 relative to their flat‐bottom counterparts. This acceleration is most extreme at high latitudes and wavelengths of approximately 600 km. Our investigation demonstrates the importance of relatively small‐scale processes for the large‐scale flow dynamics in general and baroclinic Rossby waves in particular.
Coseismic Slip and Early Afterslip of the 2024 Hyuganada Earthquake Modulated by a Subducted Seamount
Authors: Itoh Yuji
Published: January 2025

Subducted rough topography complicates seismic and aseismic slip behavior. The 2024 M 7.1 Hyuganada earthquake occurred along the megathrust with ridge subduction. We inferred coseismic slip and afterslip using geodetic displacements to observationally illustrate the role of subducted seamounts in modulating seismic and aseismic slip processes. The inferred mainshock slip was confined in the down‐dip of the seamount, suggesting that the seamount impeded the mainshock rupture initiated under enhanced compression. The inferred afterslip peaked at the up‐dip of the mainshock peak with four aftershock clusters. Various onset timings of these clusters suggest the afterslip front migration slowed down when passing through the seamount. Little afterslip is inferred in a segment south of the mainshock, where the megathrust is somehow insusceptible to stress perturbation and seems to creep steadily across the mainshock occurrence. Our results geodetically highlight the mechanical heterogeneity of megathrust with ridge subduction at an order of 10 km.
Hydrogen Dissolution Mechanisms in Bridgmanite by First‐Principles Calculations and Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Yanyao , Tsuchiya Jun , Li ChingChien , Ye Zefang , Yan Wei , Okuchi Takuo , Karato Shun‐ichiro , Kung Jennifer , Lin Jung‐Fu
Published: January 2025

Understanding hydrogen dissolution mechanisms in bridgmanite (Bgm), the most abundant mineral in the lower mantle, is essential for understanding water storage and rheological and transport properties in the region. However, interpretations of O‐H bands in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of Bgm crystals remain uncertain. We conducted density functional theory (DFT) calculations on vibrational characteristics of O‐H dipoles and performed polarized FTIR measurements to address this issue. DFT calculations for four substitution models—Mg vacancies, Si vacancies, Al3+ + H+ substitution for Si4+, and Al substitution with Mg vacancies—reveal distinct O‐H bands with different polarizations. Deconvolution of polarized FTIR spectra on Mg0.88Fe2+0.035Fe3+0.065Al0.14Si0.90O3 and Mg0.95Fe2+0.033Fe3+0.027Al0.04Si0.96O3 crystals shows five major O‐H bands with distinct polarizations along principal crystallographic axes. These experimental and calculated results attribute O‐H bands centered at 3,463–3,480, 2,913–2,924, and 2,452–2,470 cm−1 to Mg vacancies, Si vacancies, and Al3+ + H+ substitution for Si4+, respectively. The total absorbance coefficient of bridgmanite was calculated to be 82,702(6,217) L/mol/cm2. Mg and Si vacancies account for 43%–74% of the total water content, making them dominant hydrogen dissolution mechanisms in Bgm. The band frequencies for the Mg and Si vacancies in Bgm are drastically different from those in olivine and ringwoodite, corresponding to the significant changes in O‐H bond strengths and in the Si and Mg coordination environments from upper‐mantle to lower‐mantle minerals. These results highlight the need to incorporate hydrogen dissolution mechanisms in Bgm for understanding electrical conductivity and rheology of the lower mantle.
Control of water for high-yield and low-cost sustainable electrochemical synthesis of uniform monolayer graphene oxide
Authors: Guo Jiaqi , Pei Songfeng , Huang Kun , Zhang Qing , Zhou Xizhong , Tong Jinmeng , Liu Zhibo , Cheng Hui-Ming , Ren Wencai
Published: January 2025

With the rapid development of graphene industry, low-cost sustainable synthesis of monolayer graphene oxide (GO) has become more and more important for many applications such as water desalination, thermal management, energy storage and functional composites. Compared to the conventional chemical oxidation methods, water electrolytic oxidation of graphite-intercalation-compound (GIC) shows significant advantages in environmental-friendliness, safety and efficiency, but suffers from non-uniform oxidation, typically ~50 wt.% yield with ~50% monolayers. Here, we show that water-induced deintercalation of GIC is responsible for the non-uniform oxidation of the water electrolytic oxidation method. Using in-situ experiments, the control principles of water diffusion governing electrochemical oxidation and deintercalation of GIC are revealed. Based on these principles, a liquid membrane electrolysis method was developed to precisely control the water diffusion to achieve a dynamic equilibrium between oxidation and deintercalation, enabling industrial sustainable synthesis of uniform monolayer GO with a high yield (~180 wt.%) and a very low cost (~1/7 of Hummers’ methods). Moreover, this method allows precise control on the structure of GO and the synthesis of GO by using pure water. This work provides new insights into the role of water in electrochemical reaction of graphite and paves the way for the industrial applications of GO.
3D printing pen for patterning electrochemical sensors on a paper platform for capsaicin detection
Authors: Ferreira Bruno , Arantes Iana V. S. , Crapnell Robert D. , Bernalte Elena , Banks Craig E. , Paixao Thiago R. L. C.
Published: January 2025

A low-cost, paper-based sensor with bespoke 3D-printed electrodes was developed for capsaicin detection in hot sauce, demonstrating high sensitivity, portability, and affordability.
Toward high-performance rechargeable magnesium batteries with a Cu2Se-CTAB nanoparticle cathode and Mg[B(HFIP)4]2/DME electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Tengteng , Gao Zihang , Zhang Jiguang , Shi Rui , Liu Yana , Wang Jun , Zhu Yunfeng
Published: January 2025

Cu2Se-CTAB samples with different added amounts of CTAB, namely Cu2Se-100CTAB nanoparticles, achieve a reversible capacity of 296.8 mA h g−1 after 60 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and maintain 134 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles.
High-performance anionic stereogenic-at-cobalt(iii) complex/halide salts/oxone catalytic system for enantioselective halocyclization of olefins
Authors: Fang Yi-Jun , Wu Xiao-Bao , Wang Qi-Ming , Xie Zu-Kui , Yao Chuan-Zhi , Jiang Hua-Jie , Yu Jie
Published: January 2025

A high-performance anionic stereogenic-at-cobalt(iii) complex/halide salts/oxone catalytic system was developed for the enantioselective intramolecular halocyclization of olefins.
First-principles study of CO2 and H2O adsorption on the anatase TiO2(101) surface: effect of Au doping
Authors: Zhang Huan , Yin Meijun , Du Shuangli , Li Yitao , Bai Jialiang , Chai Haonan , Ren Jun , Ding Mingji
Published: January 2025

CO2 and H2O molecules are more likely to be adsorbed at the two-coordinated O atom near the Au atom.
First-principles prediction of intrinsic ferrovalley properties in Janus rare-earth PrXY (X ≠ Y = Cl, Br, I) monolayers
Authors: Zhang Huai-Jin , Tian Yuping , Jiang Cui , Kong Xiangru , Gong Wei-Jiang
Published: January 2025

Applying moderate biaxial strain can effectively modulate the valleytronic, magnetic and topological properties of monolayer PrXY.