bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In memoriam Virginia Valentine
Authors: Evans Malcolm
Published: November 2015

Virginia Valentine, who died on 30th November 2010, was an influential member of the growing international community of commercialsemioticians.
New Phyto-Incubator with Temperature and Illumination Adjustment for Water Ecosystems’ Ecological Parameters Monitoring
Authors: Гонтарев  , Gontarev S. , Мошаров  , Mosharov Sergey , Корсак  , Korsak M.
Published: November 2015

During sea ecological expeditions at determination of organic substance formation speed in the course of photosynthesis (sizes of primary production) researchers face need related to creation of special conditions for an exposition of containing the phytoplankton water samples which have been selected at different stations and depths, widely spaced and with different temperature and illumination values. Now for primary production measurement in all marine ecosystems’ photosynthesis zone which has an extent equal to several tens of meters, the standard methods for incubation of containing the phytoplankton water samples in the conditions of constant temperatures and illumination, considerably different from those horizons, where the studied samples were taken, are used. Such a technique based on the water samples incubation at artificial lighting in controlled temperature conditions has been accepted as the main one in the international ecological and monitoring programs (HELCOM, SCOR, etc.). Discrepancy of light and temperature conditions in a sample selection point and in the experiment can lead to distortions at a primary production assessment and light dependences determination. Primary production sizes’ correct determination at photosynthesis zone’s different depths with different temperature and illumination values demands creation of the most approached to the natural conditions for the exposition of containing the phytoplankton water samples. A new phyto-incubator for the water sample incubation at the primary production measurement is described in this paper. The phyto-incubator consists of light and thermo isolated cells with a system of temperature and illumination individual adjustment in each of the cells. The incubation of different samples containing the phytoplankton is carried out in various stabilized conditions on temperature and illumination by a constant light stream, established for each cell separately. Illumination and temperature values can be choose as any of the set range of sizes. Such installation allows to set a "grid" of parameters on temperature and illumination, on exhibiting duration, and to receive predictive estimates for primary production at the change of external conditions. Invention patent No. 2547685 "Incubator and Approach for Water Samples Incubation" has been obtained on the developed incubator. This phyto-incubator type can be also used for various ecological experiments with natural populations of plankton organisms in laboratory conditions.
Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose/Montmorillonite Hybrid Membranes
Authors: Moulahcene-Abdelli Fethia , Aliouche Djamel
Published: November 2015

The compounding of cellulose and inorganic Montmorillonite (MMT) on microscale molecular level has high potential to greatly improve the thermal stability, decay resistance and other properties of cellulose fibres. Pristine Algerian MMT was first sodium modified as Na-MMT, then organically modified as organophilic OMMT by using Octadecylamine. With OMMT and fibrous cellulose from waste cotton, cellulose/MMT composites were prepared via incorporation from solution process and characterized by XRD, FTIR and TGA. Dimethyl Acetamide/Lithium Chloride (DMAc/LiCl) solvent system was used for dispersing cellulose and clay. Results show that the preparation of OMMT was very successful; the X-ray diffraction results revealed that the interlayer spacing (2.17nm) for OMMT was increased compared with that (1.24nm) for Na-MMT. The composites exhibit higher thermal stability; addition of OMMT can considerably increase the decomposition temperature of cellulose matrix. An increase in thermal stability with clay content was observed by thermal analysis.
Hydro-Physical Properties of Soil Treated with Rice Straw-Based Hydrogels
Authors: El-Hady Omar A. , Basta Altaf H. , El-Saied Houssni , Shaaban Said M.
Published: November 2015

The Present work deals with evaluating rice straw (RS)-based hydrogels, as conditioners for improving the hydro-physical properties of sandy calcareous soils. In this respect, some hydro-physical properties of the soil were examined at the end of three successive growing seasons. Completely randomized field experiments, with three replications for each treatment, were conducted at El-Saff-Giza Governorate, Egypt (summer season 2010 using tomatoes v. cusstle rock, winter season 2010-2011 using wheat v. Seds 1 intercropped with onion v. Giza 20, and summer season 2011 using caw pea v. Bafb as indicator crops), The results obtained show that, applying the RS-based hydrogels provides: (a) Improving in soil structure, which was expressed by water stable structural units (> 0.25 mm in diameter), structural coefficient, dry stable structural units (> 0.84 mm in diameter) and wind erosion parameters. This improvement indicates the high resistance of the soil against both wind and water erosion, as well as destruction of the soil by tillage operations. Moreover, it leads to decrease soil bulk density and macroporosity (drainage pores) on the expense of micro ones. Therefore, water holding pores (the retained moisture in the soil) were increased. Increasing the retained moisture in the soil was noticed at all suctions under study (from 0-15atm). (B) Decreasing the mean diameter of soil pores and in turn its water transmitting properties, namely hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity for vertical flow of water through soil profile. (C) Doubling the rate of applied hydrogels from 2gkg-1 to 4gkg-1 soil leads to great improvement in hydro-physical properties of soil, whereas applying the later rate of hydrogel provides improvement in moisture retention of the treated soil to become over than the requirements of the growing plants. Also, it has adverse effect on the aeration of the root zone as a result of increasing the soil micro-porosity on the expense of its macro ones. Therefore, 2g hydrogel kg-1 soils is recommended dose to get use the RS-hydrogels as benefit soil conditioner, without adverse effects on growth, water and fertilizers efficiency by plants.
What's the problem? The role of diagnosis in building the capacity of voluntary and community organisations
Authors: Walton Caron , Macmillan Rob
Published: November 2015

By identifying the support needs of voluntary and community organisations, diagnosis is commonly understood as an initial stage of effective and targeted capacity building. This paper offers a broader reflection, suggesting that diagnosis can play two other functions: as a selection mechanism for access to capacity-building resources, but also as a market-making device in bringing together potential providers and would-be customers to discuss an intangible and difficult to describe process of organisational support.
Sex differences in processing historical documentary containing real violence
Authors: Tukaiev Sergii
Published: November 2015

Watching historical documentaries containing real violence and feeling the anguish of the past events impact the emotional condition of individuals to a different extent. Sex-related reactions may further contribute differently to emotional processing of atrocities. The aim of this study, which is part of the international project "Broadcasting History in the Transnational Space", was to investigate sex-related ERP modulations during the demonstration of the video set of 80 negative (from the Holocaust documentary "Night and Fog", France) and 80 unsensed images. 38 healthy volunteers (21 women and 17 men) participated in this study. They regarded the historical images we offered them as unpleasant and activating. We analysed average signal amplitude of ERPs in the time intervals 40-80, 80-120, 120-220, 220-300, 300-400 and 400-700 ms after the beginning of the exposure. The historical photos caused the same emotions and attract the same level of attention in both sexes (P300 and LPP in the occipital regions). In women, the historical images required more efforts to process the information presented in the pictures and to establish the semantic content in comparison to men (N400 in frontal and central areas). In men, the ERP amplitude in the central parietal zone reflected a larger activity of polymodal projection zones and the level of association in comparison to women. Thus, men and women use different cognitive strategies to perceive negative information.
Real World Learning: a critical analysis
Authors: Činčera Jan
Published: November 2015

The paper analyses the so called “Hand model”, invented as a part of The Real World learning international project. The aim of the model was to provide guidance for outdoor environmental education programs. In the analysis, it is suggested that the model suffers from inconsistency between its efforts to establish quality criteria consistent with self-directed, emancipatory learning, and its instrumental ambition to promote behavioral change. In the same way, the model provides a new point of view on outdoor environmental education programs, namely on values and frames communicated by the programs.
Continuity properties of solutions to the p-Laplace system
Authors: Alberico Angela , Cianchi Andrea , Sbordone Carlo
Published: November 2015

A sharp integrability condition on the right-hand side of the p-Laplace system for all its solutions to be continuous is exhibited. Their uniform continuity is also analyzed and estimates for their modulus of continuity are provided. The relevant estimates are shown to be optimal as the right-hand side ranges in classes of rearrangement-invariant spaces, such as Lebesgue, Lorentz, Lorentz–Zygmund, and Marcinkiewicz spaces, as well as some customary Orlicz spaces.
Segal–Bargmann transform and Paley–Wiener theorems on Heisenberg motion groups
Authors: Sen Suparna
Published: November 2015

We consider the Heisenberg motion groups ℍ𝕄 = ℍ
Screening immunofixation should replace protein electrophoresis as the initial investigation of monoclonal gammopathy: Point
Authors: Pretorius Carel J.
Published: November 2015

The reliable detection of paraprotein in serum and urine is the primary purpose of electrophoretic procedures in clinical laboratories. Screening immunofixation electrophoresis (sIFE) employs a single application of antisera directed against heavy and light chains that facilitates the detection of paraproteins that migrate in the non-γ region or that are below the detection limit of protein electrophoresis. These paraproteins that are missed by routine electrophoresis occur in up to 27.3% of newly investigated and 13.6% of monitored patients. Small paraproteins missed by conventional electrophoretic techniques are clinically important in the diagnosis and monitoring of malignant plasma and B-cell disorders. The superior diagnostic performance of sIFE makes it suitable as the initial laboratory procedure to investigate paraproteins in complex serum and urine matrices.
Corrigendum to: Algebraic supergroups of Cartan type
Authors: Gavarini Fabio
Published: November 2015

In this note I fix a mistake in my previous paper [5]:
namely, the result concerning the uniqueness (up to isomorphisms) of such supergroups needs a new formulation and proof. By the same occasion, I explain more in detail the existence result which comes out of the construction of Chevalley supergroups.
Model of Reactive Transport within a Light Photocatalytic Textile
Authors: Robin Degrave , Arnaud Cockx , Philippe Schmitz
Published: November 2015

This paper deals with the 3D-modeling of the reactive transport within a light photocatalytic textile used to decontaminate industrial effluents. The model consists of the coupling of fluid flow governing equations, species convection diffusion equations and a heterogeneous reaction equation. It is solved numerically on a Representative Volume Element (RVE) of the textile, i.e. at the microscopic scale regarding the industrial photocatalytic reactor using Comsol Multiphysics software. In a preliminary approach, the reactive transport model was first applied in a 2D simple geometry to verify its accuracy in terms of mass balance of the species. Then successive simulations using pseudo-periodic boundary conditions were performed in the RVE and the depollution efficiency along the textile length is analysed in terms of pollutant concentration. A sensitivity analysis was done to reveal the relative importance of the kinetic and hydrodynamic parameters in prediction of pollutant concentration fields in the RVE. It was found that a high adsorption rate associated with a low permeable fabric maximizes the amount of treated fluid. Finally the performances of a typical reactor composed of a stack of textiles were investigated. Results show a significant improvement of depollution efficiency of this particular configuration compared to single textiles in parallel.
Numerical Solutions for Groundwater Flow in Unsaturated Layered Soil with Extreme Physical Property Contrasts
Authors: Liu Chih-Yu , Ku Cheng-Yu , Huang Chi-Chao , Lin Der-Guey , Yeih Wei-Chung
Published: November 2015

In this paper, the numerical solutions for groundwater flow in unsaturated layered soil using the Richards equation are presented. A linearisation process for the nonlinear Richards equation to deal with groundwater flow in unsaturated layered soil is derived. To solve one-dimensional flow in the unsaturated zone of layered soil profiles, flux conservation and the continuity of pressure potential at the interface between two consecutive layers are considered in the numerical model. In addition, a novel method, named the dynamical Jacobian-inverse free method, incorporated with a two-side equilibration algorithm for solving ill-conditioned systems with extreme contrasts in hydraulic conductivity is proposed. The validity of the model is established in numerous test problems by comparing the numerical results with the analytical solutions. The results show that the proposed method can improve convergence and numerical stability for solving groundwater flow in unsaturated layered soil with extreme contrasts in hydraulic conductivity.
Why expressive suppression does not pay? Cognitive costs of negative emotion suppression: The mediating role of subjective tense-arousal
Authors: Szczygieł Dorota , Maruszewski Tomasz
Published: November 2015

The aim of this paper was to contribute to a broader understanding of the cognitive consequences of expressive suppression. Specifically, we examined whether the deteriorating effect of expressive suppression on cognitive functioning is caused by tense arousal enhanced by suppression. Two experiments were performed in order to test this prediction. In both studies we tested the effect of expressive suppression on working memory, as measured with a backwards digit-span task (Study 1, N = 43) and anagram problem-solving task (Study 2, N = 60). In addition, in Study 2 we tested whether expressive suppression degrades memory of the events that emerged during the period of expressive suppression. Both studies were conducted in a similar design: Participants watched a film clip which evoked negative emotions (i.e. disgust in Study 1 and a combination of sadness and anxiety in Study 2) under the instruction to suppress those negative emotions or (in the control condition) to simply watch the film. The results of these experiments lead to three conclusions. First, the results reveal that expressive suppression degrades memory of the events that emerged during the period of expressive suppression and leads to poorer performance on working memory tasks, as measured with a backwards digit-span task and anagram problem-solving task. Second, the results indicate that expressive suppression leads to a significant increase in subjective tense arousal. Third, the results support our prediction that expressive suppression decreases cognitive performance through its effects on subjective tense arousal. The results of the Study 1 show that tense arousal activated during expressive suppression of disgust fully mediates the negative effect of suppression on working memory as measured with a backwards digit-span task. The results of Study 2 reveal that subjective tense arousal elicited while suppressing sadness and anxiety mediates both the effect of suppression on working memory - as measured with the anagram task - and memory of the events that occurred during the period of suppression.
The effect of emotions, promotion vs. prevention focus, and feedback on cognitive engagement
Authors: Wytykowska Agata , Gabińska Anna
Published: November 2015

The purpose of the study was to explore the role of emotions, promotion-prevention orientation and feedback on cognitive engagement. In the experiment participants had the possibility to engage in a categorization task thrice. After the first categorization all participants were informed that around 75% of their answers were correct. After the second categorization, depending on the experimental condition, participants received feedback either about success or failure. Involvement in the third categorization was depended on participants’ decision whether to take part in it or not. Each time, before and after categorization, the emotional state was assessed. Results showed that promotion orientation predicted experiencing curiosity before the task, which in turn led to a higher cognitive engagement in the first categorization. Promotion and prevention orientation moderated the type of emotional response to positive feedback. Promotion orientation also predicted cognitive engagement after the feedback of success was provided. Generally results confirmed the positive effect of positive emotions as well as promotion orientation on cognitive engagement.
The psycholinguistic world of “zdziwienie” - “astonishment” and “zaskoczenie” - “surprise”
Authors: Jasielska Aleksandra
Published: November 2015

The aim of the study was to answer the question whether the words “zaskoczenie” [phon. zaskɔˈʧ̑ɛ̃ɲɛ]- “surprise” and “zdziwienie” [phon. ʑʥ̑iˈvjɛ̇̃ɲɛ]- “astonishment”, which are treated in the Polish language as synonyms, possess a fixed pattern of application, and whether the colloquial context of using these words differs in terms of its emotional valence. The theoretical background for this investigation was the triadic approach to language cognition that includes perception, conceptualization and symbolization, and corresponding to this approach concept of mental representation of emotions. The obtained results have shown that people tend to use the word “zaskoczenie” to describe emotions that occur in positive situations, whereas the word “zdziwienie” is more frequently applied in negative situations. The observed emotive connotation of the investigated words has been explained by the rules of phonetic symbolism and implicative meaning of the words preserved in the popular/colloquial understanding.
Can recycling compensate for speeding on highways? Similarity and difficulty of behaviors as key characteristics of green compensatory beliefs
Authors: Byrka Katarzyna , Kaminska Katarzyna
Published: November 2015

People believe that the effects of unecological behaviors may be compensated for by engaging in alternative conservation activities. The problem is, however, that those who hold such beliefs are less likely to engage in real behaviors. Understanding the structure of compensatory beliefs could potentially minimize this negative effect. In a pair of studies (qualitative and quantitative) we explored two aspects that appear key for compensatory beliefs 1) the similarity and 2) the relative difficulty of behaviors. We found that people spontaneously proposed compensatory behaviors which belonged to the same pro-ecological domain as the corresponding initial behaviors (Study 1). However, participants in the quantitative study agreed more often that they should compensate for one behavior with another when both behaviors belonged to the same cognitive category and simultaneously the compensatory behavior was relatively less demanding than the initial one (Study 2).
Buckling and layer failure of composite laminated cylinders subjected to hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Shen Ke Chun , Pan Guang , Lu JiangFeng
Published: November 2015

The buckling and layer failure characteristics of composite laminated cylinders subjected to hydrostatic pressure were investigated through finite element analysis for underwater vehicle application. The Tsai-Wu failure criteria were used as the failure criteria for the buckling analysis. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to research the influence of the number of elements on the critical buckling pressure. ANSYS, a finite element program, successfully predicted the buckling pressure with 5.3–27.8% (linear) and 0.3–22.5% (nonlinear) deviation from experimental results. The analysis results showed that the cylinders can carry more pressure after a slight decrease in pressure and recovery of the supporting load. For layer failure analysis, it was found that the failure that occurred in the 0° layer was more serious than that in the 90° layer within the neighboring layers at the inner layers (nos. 1–7) and outer layers (nos. 8–24).
One-step preparation and characterization of core-shell SiO2/Ag composite spheres by pulse plating
Authors: Xiong Li , Huang Xiangping , Liu Ya , Pan Liqing
Published: November 2015

A simple method of one-step pulse plating was used in the fabrication of core-shell SiO2/Ag composite spheres. Structural characteristics and morphologies of the prepared SiO2/Ag composite spheres are characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscopy. The Ag shell is uniformly coated on the surface of SiO2 spheres with the thickness of about 20 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum has revealed that PL of the core-shell samples is much stronger than that of bare SiO2 spheres. Raman spectrometer measurements show that the SiO2/Ag composite spheres have excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering performance. In addition, the current-voltage characteristic of SiO2/Ag composite spheres has improved at the same time.
Evaluation of Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing Using Random Layers Concept
Authors: Kawa Marek , Łydżba Dariusz
Published: November 2015

The paper deals with evaluation of bearing capacity of strip foundation on random purely cohesive soil. The approach proposed combines random field theory in the form of random layers with classical limit analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. For given realization of random the bearing capacity of strip footing is evaluated by employing the kinematic approach of yield design theory. The results in the form of histograms for both bearing capacity of footing as well as optimal depth of failure mechanism are obtained for different thickness of random layers. For zero and infinite thickness of random layer the values of depth of failure mechanism as well as bearing capacity assessment are derived in a closed form. Finally based on a sequence of Monte Carlo simulations the bearing capacity of strip footing corresponding to a certain probability of failure is estimated. While the mean value of the foundation bearing capacity increases with the thickness of the random layers, the ultimate load corresponding to a certain probability of failure appears to be a decreasing function of random layers thickness.
Recognition of Anhydrite Intercalated Salt Deposit from Seismic Dataset Distorted by Noise
Authors: Kawalec-Latała Ewa
Published: November 2015

Acoustic inversion is useful to extract information from seismic data. Inhomogeneities of salt deposits should be predicted before the decision of underground storage location is made. The work concerns the possibility of detecting anhydrite intercalation in the rock salt from seismic dataset. The resolution strongly depends on signal to noise ratio. The synthetic pseudoacoustic impedance sections are generated for efficiency test of predictive and minimum entropy deconvolution process, when random noise distorts the seismic traces.
Anthology and Absence: The Post-9/11 Anthologizing Impulse
Authors: Lovering Rounds Anne
Published: November 2015

The decade after the attacks of 9/11 and the fall of the World Trade Center saw a proliferation of New York-themed literary anthologies from a wide range of publishers. With titles like Poetry After 9/11, Manhattan Sonnet, Poems of New York, Writing New York, and I Speak of the City, these texts variously reflect upon their own post-9/11 plurivocality as preservative, regenerative, and reconstructive. However, the work of such anthologies is more complex than filling with plurivocality the physical and emotional hole of Ground Zero. These regional collections operate on the dilemma of all anthologies: that between collecting and editing. Every anthology, and every anthologist, negotiates the relationship between what is present and what is missing. In light of some of the emerging and established scholarship on the history of the English-language anthology, this article reads closely the declarative paratexts and the silent but equally powerful canonical choices of several different post-9/11 poetry anthologies. In so doing, the article comes to suggest the ways the anthology’s necessary formal incorporation of absence and presence, rather than its plurivocality alone, connects collections of New York’s literature to the fraught discourse of memorialization and rebuilding at the site of the World Trade Center.
“Receive with Simplicity Everything That Happens to You”: Schlemiel (Meta)Physics in the Coens’ A Serious Man
Authors: Majer Krzysztof
Published: November 2015

Before Joel and Ethan Coen’s 2009 production A Serious Man, Jewish motifs have consistently appeared in their cinematic output. However, the Jewish characters functioned in an ethnically diverse setting and rarely took centre stage, with the notable exception of the eponymous struggling leftist playwright in Barton Fink. Nevertheless, even here the Jewishness seemed to be universalized into “humanity.” Elsewhere, through their accessory characters, the Coens primarily offered a nod to the illustrious and/or notorious Jewish presence in various spheres of American society (e.g., smalltime gangster Bernie Bernbaum in Miller’s Crossing or movie mogul Jack Lipnick in the aforementioned Barton Fink). In addition, steadfast religious observance has been an object of affable ridicule (e.g., store owner Walter Sobchak in The Big Lebowski). A Serious Man, however, reveals an unprecedented strategy. Described by the Coens as their most autobiographical film to date, it has a predominantly Jewish cast, deals almost exclusively with a Jewish community in the Midwest, and is heavily steeped in themes which have long been the staple of the Jewish literary tradition. Most evident is the familiar figure of the schlemiel, the eternal loser, embodied in the protagonist Larry Gopnik, whose seemingly endless predicaments form the spine of the plot. Marketed as a comedy, A Serious Man nevertheless consistently exhibits a dark, existential undercurrent, which renders its decidedly grim ending a rather logical payoff. Drawing on the research of seminal scholars on the subject of schlemiel narratives (e.g., Ruth Wisse, Sanford Pinsker), the essay is an attempt to situate the film within this tradition. Furthermore, I argue that the Coens reinvest the figure of the schlemiel with a philosophical charge that it possessed in folk legends and Yiddish literature; at the same time, they adapt the schlemiel to the postmodern condition. This allows them to address the fundamental uncertainty of our age, signalled in the film through the formulae of Heisenberg and Schrödinger.
The Double Man: W. H. Auden’s Transatlantic Transformation
Authors: Partyka Jacek
Published: November 2015

The paper attempts to consider the problem of W. H. Auden’s political engagement in the 1930s in the context of his (in)famous decision to leave England and settle down in the USA. The transatlantic journey of the eponymous member of so-called “Auden generation” prompted certain critics (notably Randall Jarrell) to set up a distinct caesura between the “English” and the “American” Auden, giving primacy to the accomplishments of the former and downplaying the works of the latter. As it is argued, America was not the place of the poet’s radical volte-face, but only a certain important, logical stage (and not a final one) in his personal and poetic evolution. His entanglements with politics were often mythologized, and occasional public and semi-political verse he “committed” often tended to subvert any attempts to pigeonhole the author in terms of his ideological stance.
From Physical to Spiritual Errand: The Immigrant Experience in John Winthrop, William Bradford, and Samuel Danforth
Authors: Fruzińska Justyna
Published: November 2015

The paper analyzes early colonial representations of the New World, connected with immigration of the first- and second-generation religious dissenters in what was to become America. Taking into account the well-documented influence of Puritans on American identity (often noticed by scholars since Tocqueville), the paper elaborates on the Puritans’ and Pilgrims’ mindsets as they arrived in the New World, connected not only with their religious beliefs but most of all with a practical need to organize themselves effectively. Be it in John Winthrop’s “A Modell of Christian Charity,” William Bradford’s “Of Plymouth Plantation” or Samuel Danforth’s “New England’s Errand into the Wilderness,” the authors of these works clearly show how the Pilgrims and Puritans had to confront the experience of emigration/immigration and construct not only new ways of social organization but also new identity. The paper focuses on the immigrants’ perception of the New World, their own role and challenges they were faced with, and their thinking about the society they came from and were about to construct. It deals with their process of adjusting to the surroundings and discussing values they decided to promote for the sake of communal survival in the adverse conditions of the New World.
Russell's Principles of Mathematics
Authors: Moore G. E.
Published: November 2015

[Introductory paragraph from unpublished review.]
Investigation of the head impact power of a Sepak Takraw ball on Sepak Takraw Players
Authors: Hasanuddin Iskandar , Taha Zahari , Yusoff Nukman , Ahmad Norhafizan , Raja Ghazilla Raja Ariffin , Usman Husni , Tuan Ya Tuan Mohammad Yusoff Shah
Published: November 2015

Sepak takraw is a traditional sport in Asia in which the players use various parts of their bodies to hit the ball, with the exception of their hands. Unlike other sports such as soccer, boxing, and rugby, it is observed that none of the studies in the literature have examined the injuries resulting from the impact of the sepak takraw ball on the players’ heads during a game. This study was initiated following the incidents of the 24th SEA Games in Korat, Thailand, in year 2007, whereby a number of players from the Malaysian Sepak Takraw Association (PSM) had to withdraw themselves from the championship. These players suffered from headaches which were believed to be caused by the impact of the sepak takraw ball, considering the fact that heading is one of the basic movements used to hit the ball. Moreover, it is expected that the sepak takraw ball travels at high velocities during the game. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the sepak takraw ball and its corresponding level of head injury among sepak takraw players in Malaysia by means of numerical simulations and experiments. In order to achieve this objective, a model of the scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid and brain is first developed and simulations are then carried out using finite element analysis (FEA) software. The results show that the maximum speed of the sepak takraw ball before heading is 13.581 m/s while the maximum impact force on the head obtained from the simulations is 688.11 N. The maximum displacement and maximum linear acceleration of the brain’s centre of gravity is found to be 0.0080 m and 1674.5 m/s2, respectively, while the head impact power (HIP) is determined to be 11.366 kW. According to Newman et al. (2000), the probability of concussion is 39% and based on the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the players may suffer from mild traumatic brain injuries (MTBI) due to the high impact of the sepak takraw ball during heading. Hence, it is recommended that the players wear protective headbands to reduce the impact during heading and prevent the occurrence of MTBI in the long term.
The effects of short-duration static stretching of the lower extremities after warm-up exercise on endurance running performance
Authors: Takizawa Kazuki , Yamaguchi Taichi , Shibata Keisuke
Published: November 2015

Previous studies have concluded that static stretching impairs running economy and endurance running performance. However these studies examined long durations (90-120 seconds for one muscle) of static stretching. Another study reported that most athletes perform static stretching of each muscle for less than 20 seconds in their warm-up. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of 20-second static stretches of the lower extremities after 15 minutes warm-up on endurance running performance. Seven healthy well-trained middle or long distance male runners (age 21.3 ± 2.1 years; height 170.3 ± 3.1 centimeters; weight 60.0 ± 5.5 kilograms) took part in the present study. Each subject ran on a treadmill at 90% VO2max until exhaustion after one of two warm-up procedures. The two warm-up procedures were 15 minutes running at 70% VO2max (Warm-up) and 15 minutes running at 70% VO2max plus five static stretches of the lower extremities (Warm-up + static stretching). The running performance was evaluated by time to exhaustion. In the results, there were no significant differences in time to exhaustion among the warm-up exercises (Warm-up: 819.3 ± 230.6 sec., Warm-up + static stretching 817.9 ± 213.7 sec.). These results suggested that endurance running performance was not affected by the presence or absence of 20-second static stretches and there may be no need to avoid static stretches before endurance running if the duration is not too long.
Aerodynamic study of modern sepak takraw ball: Flow visualization test approach
Authors: Abdul Mubin Abdul Syakir , Ahmad Norhafizan
Published: November 2015

It has been shown in previous studies that the flight trajectories of sports balls are influenced by their aerodynamic characteristics. These aerodynamic characteristics are primarily dependent on the physical shape and surface texture of the balls. Even though sepak takraw is well established as a sport, little is known regarding the aerodynamic characteristics of the sepak takraw ball, which has a rather complex shape and surface texture. Hence, the main objective of this research is to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics (specifically the drag and lift coefficients) and flow features of a modern sepak takraw ball commercially available in the market by means of numerical simulations and wind tunnel experiments using the smoke flow visualization technique. The aerodynamic characteristics and flow features of the ball are determined for non-spinning conditions at a wind speed of 3 m/s. It is found that the drag coefficient and lift coefficient of the sepak takraw ball is 0.4868400 and -0.0130915, respectively. The images captured from the smoke flow visualization experiments reveal that the sepak takraw ball is in the subcritical flow regime at a wind speed of 3 m/s, which is the regime before the drag crisis. The laminar boundary layer separates from the upper and lower surfaces of the ball at points upstream of the equator of the ball, creating a large wake region downstream of the sepak takraw ball and resulting in high drag. This in turn, influences the trajectory of the sepak takraw ball in flight. The flow features observed from the smoke flow visualization experiments are representative of the flow during a sepak takraw game. Owing to the complexity of sepak takraw ball, it is recommended that the aerodynamic characteristics of the sepak takraw ball are investigated for spinning conditions in future studies.
The power of cycling
Authors: Stannard Steve , Macdermaid Paul , Miller Matthew
Published: November 2015

One of the advantages of cycling exercise is that the rider is interfaced to a machine, and this exercise can be easily metered. Recent technological advances have made this metering easier and cheaper such that riders, sports scientists and coaches are able to record the external work done, and thus the net rate of mechanical work (power) during training and racing. Since external power is related to performance, the power requirements of competition can be observed and the training intensity can be prescribed. However, the ability to closely scrutinize power during training brings about a number of issues which need to be addressed. These issues include the accuracy and reliability of the meter, the relationship of the external work rate to the total physiological stress, and how training prescription through analysis by power may change the athlete-coach relationship. 
Destabilizing RET in targeted treatment of thyroid cancers
Authors: Gild M L , Bullock M , Pon C K , Robinson B G , Clifton-Bligh R J
Published: November 2015

Metastatic differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) are resistant to traditional chemotherapy. Kinase inhibitors have shown promise in patients with progressive DTC, but dose-limiting toxicity is commonplace. HSP90 regulates protein degradation of several growth-mediating kinases such as RET, and we hypothesized that HSP90 inhibitor (AUY922) could inhibit RET-mediated medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) as well as papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cell growth and also radioactive iodine uptake by PTC cells. Studies utilized MTC cell lines TT (C634W) and MZ-CRC-1 (M918T) and the PTC cell line TPC-1 (RET/PTC1). Cell viability was assessed with MTS assays and apoptosis by flow cytometry. Signaling target expression was determined by western blot and radioiodine uptake measured with a gamma counter. Prolonged treatment of both MTC cell lines with AUY922 simultaneously inhibited both MAPK and mTOR pathways and significantly induced apoptosis (58.7 and 78.7% reduction in MZ-CRC-1 and TT live cells respectively, following 1 μM AUY922; P<0.02). Similarly in the PTC cell line, growth and signaling targets were inhibited, and also a 2.84-fold increase in radioiodine uptake was observed following AUY922 administration (P=0.015). AUY922 demonstrates in vitro activity against MTC and PTC cell lines. We observed a potent dose-dependent increase in apoptosis in MTC cell lines following drug administration confirming its anti-tumorigenic effects. Western blots confirm inhibition of pro-survival proteins including AKT suggesting this as the mechanism of cell death. In a functional study, we observed an increase in radioiodine uptake in the PTC cell line following AUY922 treatment. We believe HSP90 inhibition could be a viable alternative for treatment of RET-driven chemo-resistant thyroid cancers.
Improvements in Cystic Fibrosis Quarterly Visits, Lung Function Tests, and Respiratory Cultures
Authors: Wooldridge Jamie L. , Mason Susan , Brusatti Judith , Albers Gary M. , Noyes Blakeslee E.
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND:

The Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Foundation recommends patients attend clinic ≥4 times per year with 4 respiratory cultures and 2 pulmonary function tests (PFTs). However, nationally only 57.4% of patients met these guidelines in 2012. We used a quality improvement program with a goal of 75% of our patients meeting this care guideline by 2012.

METHODS:

A 2-stage program was started in 2011. Stage 1: education of patients/caregivers on importance of quarterly visits. Stage 2: quarterly tracking system of patient appointments. Data on clinic visits, respiratory cultures, and PFTs were collected from the CF registry from January 2009 through December 2013. Statistical process control charts were used to track improvements.

RESULTS:

The average number of clinic visits increased significantly from 4.6 ± 2.3 in 2009 to 6.3 ± 4.6 in 2013 (P < .0001). The percentage of patients ages 6 through 18 completing a clinic visit, PFT, and respiratory culture per quarter increased significantly from 76.2% during 2009 to 86.4% in 2013. The percentage of patients completing ≥4 clinic visits with 4 respiratory cultures and 2 PFTs improved significantly from 47.5% in 2009 to 71.0% in 2013 (P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

A tracking system of patient appointments significantly improved adherence to the care guidelines better than education alone. The multiple-stage quality improvement program we implemented may be modifiable and able to be integrated in other CF centers or other multiple disciplinary chronic illness care centers.
Imagens de crianças: travessias do universo infantil
Authors: Leite César Donizetti Pereira , Chisté Bianca
Published: November 2015

Este artigo apresenta o deslocamento do olhar sobre crianças e infância. Propõe se a refletir sobre esses lugares com as imagens produzidas por elas, com elas e com o que elas apresentam. As imagens, capturadas por crianças da pré-escola, no contexto da pesquisa intitulada “As crianças e suas experiências matemáticas: em busca do que atravessa o espelho”, compõem a metodologia, que se chamou de pesquisa como experiência. Refletir por meio das imagens produzidas por elas pode ser disparador para pensar a criança, a infância, e o que a partir dela toca, afeta, mobiliza o educador nesse movimento de travessias do universo infantil. Além disso, as imagens ajudam a pensar na possibilidade de uma formação docente que seja infantil, uma formação de professores da infância.
Mas o que é infância? – atravessamento de múltiplos olhares na formação de professores
Authors: Dornelles Leni Vieira , Marques Circe Mara
Published: November 2015

O artigo trata das concepções de infâncias das estudantes de Pedagogia de uma instituição privada de ensino superior da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Problematizou-se na pesquisa outros modos de compreender as infâncias na formação de professores. Investigaram-se os deslocamentos e as resistências que atravessaram seus discursos sobre as infâncias, utilizando como metodologia de pesquisa uma bricolagem que faz uso de estratégia de leituras, vídeos, imagens, memórias pessoais, diário das estudantes e análise de suas discursividades para obtenção dos dados. O referencial teórico parte dos estudos de Bujes (2005), Dornelles (2010), Larrosa (2001), Marques (2013), dentre outros. Concluiu-se que os deslocamentos nas concepções de infância das alunas pesquisadas, não se deram de modo uniforme e linear, mas, diferentemente, mostraram avanços e retrocessos em seus modos de conceituar e entender as infâncias que compõem o cotidiano de seu trabalho. Entendeu-se a partir da investigação que é urgente investir “forças” no sentido de interromper o discurso moderno sobre infância no curso de Pedagogia e instigar as estudantes a produzirem “outros” modos de olhar, de pensar e lidar com as múltiplas infâncias que estão por aí.
BRUM TORRES, João Carlos (Org.). Manual de ética. Questões de ética teórica e aplicada. Petrópolis: Vozes; Caxias do Sul: Educs; Rio de Janeiro: BNDES, 2014.
Authors: Bombassaro Luiz Carlos
Published: November 2015

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Editorial
Authors: Villela Pereira Marcos
Published: November 2015

“Tempos difíceis”. Talvez seja essa a principal impressão que temos quando olhamos ao redor. Dos fenômenos ambientais à crise econômica; dos crescentes índices de violência aos movimentos no mundo do trabalho; das manifestações de intolerância às denúncias de corrupção. A pergunta que deriva daí é: mudou o mundo ou mudamos nós?
Apresentação
Authors: Vasques Carla Karnoppi , Zanon Moschen Simone , Gurski Roselene
Published: November 2015

A inclusão, compreendida a partir do movimento que defende a universalização dos direitos humanos, desponta como perspectiva norteadora das políticas públicas, das propostas de atendimento e de formação profissional em diferentes áreas do conhecimento e setores sociais, configurando um dos principais desafios da educação contemporânea. Sublinhamos que uma significativa parte desta discussão refere-se ao campo da educação especial.
Hemostatic variables, plasma lactate concentration, and inflammatory biomarkers in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus
Authors: Moritz A. , Kramer M. , Bauer N. , Verschoof J.
Published: November 2015

Objective: Prospective characterization of hemostastatic variables, plasma lactate concentration, and inflammatory biomarkers in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Material and methods: Coagulation variables (platelets, prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], fibrinogen, antithrombin [AT], protein C [PC], protein S [PS], D-dimers), plasma lactate concentration and inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, white blood cell [WBC] count, lymphocyte and neutrophil numbers) were assessed in 20 dogs with GDV presented between 2011 and 2012. Blood was taken preoperatively and at days 1 and 3 postoperatively. The prognostic value of these variables before and after surgery was evaluated as well as the behavior of variables during the study. Results: Overall, 7/20 (35%) dogs did not survive; two dogs (29%) were euthanized during surgery due to severe gastric necrosis and 5 (71%) dogs after surgery due to sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Prior to surgery, median plasma lactate concentration was significantly (p = 0.01) lower in survivors (6.2 mmol/l, range 1.9–9.7 mmol/l) when compared to non-survivors (11.8 mmol/l, range 7.5–16.2 mmol/l). In dogs dying after surgery, significantly higher plasma lactate concentration, coagulation times and D-dimer concentration were present as well as lower fibrinogen concentration and activity of PC and AT compared to survivors. At discharge, activity of AT, PC and PS were markedly below the reference interval in 6/13 (46%), 11/13 (85%), and 8/13 (62%) dogs, respectively. Clinical relevance: Only lactate plasma concentration was of preoperative prognostic value. After surgery, severe abnormalities of coagulation variables, especially the endogenous anticoagulants were present in most of the dogs. The severity of the abnormalities was associated with survival.
AmeriQuests' Quests, Ten Issues Later
Authors: Barsky Robert F.
Published: November 2015

An overview of the history and direction of the journal.
Influencia de las páginas web de las instituciones de educación superior privada de Brasil en la elección de los futuros estudiantes
Authors: Zambon Marcelo Socorro , Giuliani Antonio Carlos
Published: November 2015

Las instituciones privadas de educación superior en Brasil usan actualmente el Internet para atraer y retener estudiantes. El propósito de esta investigación de tipo científico-cualitativa es el de analizar la influencia que tienen las páginas web de las grandes instituciones sobre las decisiones que toman los estudiantes con respecto a las instituciones y los cursos. Se realizó un cuestionario con 22 preguntas y se aplicó en Jundiai, estado de Sao Paulo, lo cual dio como resultado 200 cuestionarios válidos. Las principales conclusiones (con base en el total de las personas encuestadas fueron): 59.7% son mujeres, 56% son solteros, el 52% tiene entre 21 y 30 años y el 73% no tiene hijos. Adicionalmente, el 88.5% buscó información sobre las instituciones y cursos antes de matricularse y el 75.5% de la información que se encontró en las páginas web fue decisivo en el momento de elegir.