bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An aberrant fused in sarcoma liquid droplet of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathological variant, R495X, accelerates liquid–solid phase transition
Authors: Shiramasa Yutaro , Yamamoto Ryu , Kashiwagi Norika , Sasaki Fuka , Imai Sawaka , Ike Mikihito , Kitazawa Soichiro , Kameda Tomoshi , Kitahara Ryo
Published: April 2024

Intracellular aggregation of fused in sarcoma (FUS) is associated with the pathogenesis of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Under stress, FUS forms liquid droplets via liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). Two types of wild-type FUS LLPS exist in equilibrium: low-pressure LLPS (LP-LLPS) and high-pressure LLPS (HP-LLPS); the former dominates below 2 kbar and the latter over 2 kbar. Although several disease-type FUS variants have been identified, the molecular mechanism underlying accelerated cytoplasmic granule formation in ALS patients remains poorly understood. Herein, we report the reversible formation of the two LLPS states and the irreversible liquid–solid transition, namely droplet aging, of the ALS patient-type FUS variant R495X using fluorescence microscopy and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy combined with perturbations in pressure and temperature. Liquid-to-solid phase transition was accelerated in the HP-LLPS of R495X than in the wild-type variant; arginine slowed the aging of droplets at atmospheric conditions by inhibiting the formation of HP-LLPS more selectively compared to that of LP-LLPS. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanism by which R495X readily forms cytoplasmic aggregates. Targeting the aberrantly formed liquid droplets (the HP-LLPS state) of proteins with minimal impact on physiological functions could be a novel therapeutic strategy for LLPS-mediated protein diseases.
Comparing three cardiothoracic ratio measurement techniques and creating multivariable scoring system to predict Bart’s hydrops fetalis at 17–22 weeks’ gestation
Authors: Anuwutnavin Sanitra , Rangseechamrat Patsawee , Sompagdee Nalat , Ruangvutilert Pornpimol , Viboonchard Sommai
Published: April 2024

To assess the diagnostic performance of three cardiothoracic (CT) ratio techniques, including diameter, circumference, and area, for predicting hemoglobin (Hb) Bart’s disease between 17 and 22 weeks’ gestation, and to create a multivariable scoring system using multiple ultrasound markers. Before invasive testing, three CT ratio techniques and other ultrasound markers were obtained in 151 singleton pregnancies at risk of Hb Bart’s disease. CT diameter ratio demonstrated the highest sensitivity among the other techniques. Significant predictors included CT diameter ratio > 0.5, middle cerebral artery-peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) > 1.5 multiples of the median, and placental thickness > 3 cm. MCA-PSV exhibited the highest sensitivity (97.8%) in predicting affected fetuses. A multivariable scoring achieved excellent sensitivity (100%) and specificity (84.9%) for disease prediction. CT diameter ratio exhibited slightly outperforming the other techniques. Increased MCA-PSV was the most valuable ultrasound marker. Multivariable scoring surpassed single-parameter analysis in predictive capabilities.
Cellular geometry and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity intersect with PIEZO1 in breast cancer cells
Authors: So Choon Leng , Robitaille Mélanie , Sadras Francisco , McCullough Michael H. , Milevskiy Michael J. G. , Goodhill Geoffrey J. , Roberts-Thomson Sarah J. , Monteith Gregory R.
Published: April 2024

Differences in shape can be a distinguishing feature between different cell types, but the shape of a cell can also be dynamic. Changes in cell shape are critical when cancer cells escape from the primary tumor and undergo major morphological changes that allow them to squeeze between endothelial cells, enter the vasculature, and metastasize to other areas of the body. A shift from rounded to spindly cellular geometry is a consequence of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, which is also associated with changes in gene expression, increased invasiveness, and therapeutic resistance. However, the consequences and functional impacts of cell shape changes and the mechanisms through which they occur are still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that altering the morphology of a cell produces a remodeling of calcium influx via the ion channel PIEZO1 and identify PIEZO1 as an inducer of features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity. Combining automated epifluorescence microscopy and a genetically encoded calcium indicator, we demonstrate that activation of the PIEZO1 force channel with the PIEZO1 agonist, YODA 1, induces features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity in breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that PIEZO1 is a critical point of convergence between shape-induced changes in cellular signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in breast cancer cells.
SPADE: spatial deconvolution for domain specific cell-type estimation
Authors: Lu Yingying , Chen Qin M. , An Lingling
Published: April 2024

Understanding gene expression in different cell types within their spatial context is a key goal in genomics research. SPADE (SPAtial DEconvolution), our proposed method, addresses this by integrating spatial patterns into the analysis of cell type composition. This approach uses a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and histological data to accurately estimate the proportions of cell types in various locations. Our analyses of synthetic data have demonstrated SPADE’s capability to discern cell type-specific spatial patterns effectively. When applied to real-life datasets, SPADE provides insights into cellular dynamics and the composition of tumor tissues. This enhances our comprehension of complex biological systems and aids in exploring cellular diversity. SPADE represents a significant advancement in deciphering spatial gene expression patterns, offering a powerful tool for the detailed investigation of cell types in spatial transcriptomics.
Fast and effective molecular property prediction with transferability map
Authors: Yao Shaolun , Song Jie , Jia Lingxiang , Cheng Lechao , Zhong Zipeng , Song Mingli , Feng Zunlei
Published: April 2024

Effective transfer learning for molecular property prediction has shown considerable strength in addressing insufficient labeled molecules. Many existing methods either disregard the quantitative relationship between source and target properties, risking negative transfer, or require intensive training on target tasks. To quantify transferability concerning task-relatedness, we propose Principal Gradient-based Measurement (PGM) for transferring molecular property prediction ability. First, we design an optimization-free scheme to calculate a principal gradient for approximating the direction of model optimization on a molecular property prediction dataset. We have analyzed the close connection between the principal gradient and model optimization through mathematical proof. PGM measures the transferability as the distance between the principal gradient obtained from the source dataset and that derived from the target dataset. Then, we perform PGM on various molecular property prediction datasets to build a quantitative transferability map for source dataset selection. Finally, we evaluate PGM on multiple combinations of transfer learning tasks across 12 benchmark molecular property prediction datasets and demonstrate that it can serve as fast and effective guidance to improve the performance of a target task. This work contributes to more efficient discovery of drugs, materials, and catalysts by offering a task-relatedness quantification prior to transfer learning and understanding the relationship between chemical properties.
High-frequency low-dielectric-loss in linear-backbone-structured polyimides with ester groups and ether bonds
Authors: Zhang Chenggang , He Xiaojie , Lu Qinghua
Published: April 2024

Polyimides have emerged as promising dielectric materials for communication equipment, owing to their excellent thermal stability and processability. Nonetheless, a pressing need remains to reduce the high-frequency dissipation factor (Df) of polyimides. Here, we synthesized various polyimides featuring linear backbone structures, finding that polyimides that incorporate a combination of ester groups and ether bonds exhibit low Df values of 0.0015-0.0024 at 10 GHz. Even in high humidity and temperature conditions they maintain low Df values of <0.005 at 10 GHz. To gain insight into the factors influencing this behavior, we conduct a comprehensive study involving aggregation structures and hygroscopic properties. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of high orientation and crystallinity in determining the high-frequency Df of polyimide films.
Deep-living and diverse Antarctic seaweeds as potentially important contributors to global carbon fixation
Authors: Tait Leigh W. , Chin Caroline , Nelson Wendy , George Steve , Marriott Peter , O’Driscoll Richard L. , Lamare Miles , Mills Victoria S. , Cummings Vonda J.
Published: April 2024

Global models predict that Antarctica has little suitable habitat for macroalgae and that Antarctic macroalgae therefore make a negligible contribution to global carbon fixation. However, coastal surveys are rare at southern polar latitudes (beyond 71° S), and here we report diverse and abundant macroalgal assemblages in un-navigated coastal habitats of the Ross Sea from 71.5°–74.5° S. We found extensive macroalgal assemblages living at depths >70 m and specimens of crustose coralline algae as deep as 125 m. Using global light modelling and published photosynthetic rates we estimate that Antarctic macroalgae may contribute between 0.9–2.8 % of global macroalgal carbon fixation. Combined, this suggests that Antarctic macroalgae may be a greater contributor to global carbon fixation and possibly sequestration than previously thought. The vulnerability of these coastal environments to climate change, especially shifting sea ice extent and persistence, could influence Southern Ocean carbon fixation and rates of long-term sequestration.
The p-block challenge: assessing quantum chemistry methods for inorganic heterocycle dimerizations
Authors: Gasevic Thomas , Bursch Markus , Ma Qianli , Grimme Stefan , Werner Hans-Joachim , Hansen Andreas
Published: April 2024

We present a benchmark set of dimerization energies of “inorganic benzenes” composed of all non-carbon p-block elements of main groups III to VI up to polonium representing a challenge to contemporary quantum chemical methods.
Potential and performance of anisotropic 19F NMR for the enantiomeric analysis of fluorinated chiral active pharmaceutical ingredients
Authors: Gouilleux Boris , Moussallieh François-Marie , Lesot Philippe
Published: April 2024

A new analytical strategy involving 1H–{19F} 1D NMR in PBLG-based anisotropic media is explored to analyze fluorinated chiral active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Impacts of substituting magnesium with zinc on crystallization behaviors in an aluminosilicate glass
Authors: Huang Biwei , Zheng Qingshuang , Cai Muzhi , Qiao Ang , Tao Haizheng
Published: April 2024

Zinc-magnesium mixed aluminosilicate glasses with the molar composition (1−r)MgO·rZnO·Al2O3·2.5SiO2 were fabricated to probe the effects of substitution of magnesium by zinc on crystallization behaviors.
Polymorph transformation in a mixed-stacking nickel-dithiolene complex with the derivative of 4,4′-bipyridinium
Authors: Gao Yan , Xu Lei , Feng Zi-Heng , Qian Yin , Tian Zheng-Fang , Ren Xiao-Ming
Published: April 2024

Two polymorphs of 1 manifesting in dark-green (1-g) and red hues (1-r) demonstrate thermochromism. 1-g undergoes transformation to 1-r via solvent-induced and grinding methods, while the reverse occurs through thermal annealing.
Origin of the Cr3+ concentration-dependent broadband near-infrared emission in Sc2Si2O7
Authors: Xie Siyuan , Ma Boxin , Wen Dawei , Zeng Qingguang , Guo Yue , Yu Ting
Published: April 2024

In Sc2-xSi2O7:xCr3+, the NIR emission is strongly dependent on the Cr3+ concentration, and the NIR emission centered at 840 nm and 1300 nm can be attributed to isolated Cr3+ ions and Cr3+–Cr3+ pairs, respectively.
Grain boundary generation via steering CuxP2Ox+5 precursor composition enhances CO electrolysis
Authors: Sang Jiaqi , Liu Tianfu , Wei Pengfei , Li Hefei , Liu Conghui , Wang Yi , Rong Youwen , Wang Qi , Wang Guoxiong , Bao Xinhe
Published: April 2024

High-density grain boundary generation via electrochemical reconstruction is achieved by adjusting Cu atom density in the precursor lattice of CuxP2Ox+5, thus promoting CO electrolysis for C2+ production.
Co-transport of polybromodiphenyl ethers and soil nanoparticles in saturated porous media: implications for the risks of polybromodiphenyl ether spreading in groundwater
Authors: Liu Jiameng , Cao Tianchi , Duan Lin , Xu Shengkai , Li Min , Zhang Tong , Chen Wei
Published: April 2024

This study demonstrates that PBDEs attached to soil nanoparticles can be highly mobile in saturated porous media, providing important insights on risk assessment of PBDEs contamination.
From antigen uptake to immune modulation: the multifaceted potential of peptide nanofibers as vaccine nanocarriers
Authors: Hassan Hatem A. F. M. , Haider Mohamed , Fahmy Sherif Ashraf
Published: April 2024

Peptide nanofibers have exhibited a remarkable ability to enhance immune response induction. Herein, we explore the peptide nanofibers' transformative potential, providing a comprehensive examination of their application in vaccine development.
The osteoconductive properties of graphene-based material surfaces are finely tuned by the conditioning layer and surface chemistry
Authors: Tiberio Federica , Amato Francesco , Desiderio Claudia , Vincenzoni Federica , Perini Giordano , Moretti Irene , Augello Alberto , Friggeri Ginevra , Cui Lishan , Giaccari Leonardo , Salvati Martina , Polito Luca , Parolini Ornella , De Spirito Marco , Marrani Andrea Giacomo , Lattanzi Wanda , Papi Massimiliano , Di Pietro Lorena , Palmieri Valentina
Published: April 2024

The molecular layer that adsorbs on the biomaterial surface upon contacting body tissues and fluids, termed the conditioning layer (CL), influences cell behavior regulating scaffold integration and resilience in a patient-specific fashion.
Ethanol purification enables high-quality α-phase FAPbI3 perovskite microcrystals for commercial photovoltaic applications
Authors: Kim Hyun Seo , Yun Hyun-Sung , Seo Chae-Eun , Bin Yoo Soo , Kang Bong Joo , Jung Eui Hyuk , Jeon Nam Joong
Published: April 2024

We demonstrate that the well-known green solvent ethanol is effective in producing large-scale and high-quality hybrid perovskites. This could represent a milestone toward commercial perovskite electronics.
CsZnPbBr3/ZnS core/shell perovskite nanocrystals for stable and efficient white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhou Hai , Wang Sheng , Wang Haihui , Wang Lin , Chen Jiayi , Jia Guohua , Yang Xuyong
Published: April 2024

CsZnPbBr3/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals were synthesized by combining alloyed cores to stabilize the internal lattice with OAmBr to protect the outer labile surface of cores, rendering them efficient and stable emitters for white light-emitting diodes.
Tuning lithium–yttrium chloride local structure through coordination control and mixing during synthesis
Authors: Brahmbhatt Teerth , Li Cheng , Garaga Mounesha N. , Tsai Wan-Yu , Greenbaum Steve G. , Nanda Jagjit , Sacci Robert L.
Published: April 2024

Synthesis of Li3YCl6 is facilitated by the addition of NH4Cl. Synthesis method affects local ordering and Li+ dynamics as determined by neutron diffraction, impedance and NMR spectroscopy.
Radiochromic semiconductive MOFs with high sensitivity and fast photochromic responses for dual-mode X-ray direct detection
Authors: Yu Xu-Ying , Mi Jia-Rong , Qin Qiu-Pei , Fang Xin-Ping , Han Yong-Fang , Cai Li-Zhen , Wang Ming-Sheng , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: April 2024

A radiochromic semiconductor detector for dual-mode direct X-ray detection, showing rapid color changes and high sensitivity upon X-ray exposure, is reported. This allows quickly capturing object information through visual inspection and serves as an alternative means of direct X-ray detection.
Atomically dispersed Ru sites on MOF-derived NC-ZnO for efficient oxygen evolution reaction in acid media
Authors: Varangane Sagar , Madhu Ragunath , Mehmood Saad , Jaksani Bhavya , Bhasin Vidha , Abraham B. Moses , Nagaraj Ammavasi , Vennapoosa Chandra Shobha , Subba Reddy B. V. , Kundu Subrata , Pal Ujjwal
Published: April 2024

Developing acid-stable oxygen evolution/reduction reaction (OER/ORR) electrocatalysts is essential for high-performance water splitting.
Hetero-atom doped graphene for marvellous hydrogen storage: unveiling recent advances and future pathways
Authors: Ghotia Shankar , Rimza Tripti , Singh Shiv , Dwivedi Neeraj , Srivastava Avanish Kumar , Kumar Pradip
Published: April 2024

This review outlines the role of heteroatom-doped graphene in hydrogen storage. It covers storage mechanisms, critical research findings, current challenges, future research directions, and commercial implications in detail.
Construction of a SnS2/TiO2 S-scheme heterostructure photocatalyst for highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride
Authors: Ding Sheng , Gan Wei , Guo Jun , Chen Ruixin , Liu Run , Zhao Ziwei , Li Jianrou , Zhang Miao , Sun Zhaoqi
Published: April 2024

A schematic diagram of the catalytic mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride pollutant by Sn2/TiO2 S-scheme heterostructure photocatalysts in water.
New insights into the structure and dynamics of the TOM complex in mitochondria
Authors: Nussberger Stephan , Ghosh Robin , Wang Shuo
Published: April 2024

To date, there is no general physical model of the mechanism by which unfolded polypeptide chains with different properties are imported into the mitochondria. At the molecular level, it is still unclear how transit polypeptides approach, are captured by the protein translocation machinery in the outer mitochondrial membrane, and how they subsequently cross the entropic barrier of a protein translocation pore to enter the intermembrane space. This deficiency has been due to the lack of detailed structural and dynamic information about the membrane pores. In this review, we focus on the recently determined sub-nanometer cryo-EM structures and our current knowledge of the dynamics of the mitochondrial two-pore outer membrane protein translocation machinery (TOM core complex), which provide a starting point for addressing the above questions. Of particular interest are recent discoveries showing that the TOM core complex can act as a mechanosensor, where the pores close as a result of interaction with membrane-proximal structures. We highlight unusual and new correlations between the structural elements of the TOM complexes and their dynamic behavior in the membrane environment.
Conversational Speech Behaviors Are Context Dependent
Authors: Wynn Camille J. , Barrett Tyson S. , Borrie Stephanie A.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

According to the interpersonal synergy model of spoken dialogue, interlocutors modify their communicative behaviors to meet the contextual demands of a given conversation. Although a growing body of research supports this postulation for linguistic behaviors (e.g., semantics, syntax), little is understood about how this model applies to speech behaviors (e.g., speech rate, pitch). The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that interlocutors adjust their speech behaviors across different conversational tasks with different conversational goals.

Method:

In this study, 28 participants each engaged in two different types of conversations (i.e., relational and informational) with two partners (i.e., Partner 1 and Partner 2), yielding a total of 112 conversations. We compared six acoustic measures of participant speech behavior across conversational task and partner.

Results:

Linear mixed-effects models demonstrated significant differences between speech feature measures in informational and relational conversations. Furthermore, these findings were generally robust across conversations with different partners.

Conclusions:

Results suggest that contextual demands influence speech behaviors. These findings provide empirical support for the interpersonal synergy model and highlight important considerations for assessing speech behaviors in individuals with communication disorders.
Cellular network based multistatic integrated sensing and communication systems
Authors: Han Zixiang , Ding Haiyu , Han Lincong , Ma Liang , Zhang Xiaozhou , Lou Mengting , Wang Yajuan , Jin Jing , Wang Qixing , Liu Guangyi , Wang Jiangzhou
Published: April 2024

A novel multistatic integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system based on cellular network is proposed. It can make use of widespread base stations (BSs) to perform cooperative sensing in wide area. This system is important since the deployment of sensing function can be achieved upon the mobile communication network at low complexity and cost without modifying the architecture of BSs for full duplexing. In this work, the topology of sensing cell is first provided, which can be duplicated to seamlessly cover the cellular network. Each sensing cell consists of a single central BS transmitting signals and multiple neighboring BSs receiving reflected signals from sensing objects. Then an estimating approach is described for obtaining position and velocity of sensing objects that locate in the sensing cell. Joint data processing with an efficient optimization method is also provided. In addition, key issues in the cellular network based multistatic ISAC system are analyzed. Simulation results show that the multistatic ISAC system can reduce interference power by over 10 dBm and significantly improve position and velocity estimation accuracy of objects when compared with the monostatic ISAC system, demonstrating the effectiveness and promise of implementing the proposed system in the mobile network.
A reconfigurable in‐memory‐computation architecture with in‐situ update and shift capability
Authors: Liu Yihe , Wang Junjie , Liu Shuang , Zhang Xiaoyang , Sun Mingyuan , Chen Tupei , Liu Yang
Published: April 2024

This work proposes a storage element (SE) design for in‐memory computing (IMC). Using the proposed SE design, an IMC array has been constructed to enable in‐situ updates of stored weights. Compared with some existing related works which employ 2n bit cells for storing an n‐bit value, the proposed structure in this work exhibits a O(n) complexity of area overhead, which means that only n bit cells are needed to store n‐bit values, offering a significant improvement in silicon area usage. Compared to the purely digitally‐controlled weight update schemes, the approach proposed in this work demonstrates an approximate 1.47× increase in power consumption. Furthermore, it exhibits superior robustness compared to existing work. Additionally, the proposed SE design can achieve the necessary shift functionality in the cutting‐edge floating‐point (FP)‐IMC architecture through simple control mechanisms.
A transformer‐based lightweight method for multiple‐object tracking
Authors: Wan Qin , Ge Zhu , Yang Yang , Shen Xuejun , Zhong Hang , Zhang Hui , Wang Yaonan , Wu Di
Published: April 2024

At present, the multi‐object tracking method based on transformer generally uses its powerful self‐attention mechanism and global modelling ability to improve the accuracy of object tracking. However, most existing methods excessively rely on hardware devices, leading to an inconsistency between accuracy and speed in practical applications. Therefore, a lightweight transformer joint position awareness algorithm is proposed to solve the above problems. Firstly, a joint attention module to enhance the ShuffleNet V2 network is proposed. This module comprises the spatio‐temporal pyramid module and the convolutional block attention module. The spatio‐temporal pyramid module fuses multi‐scale features to capture information on different spatial and temporal scales. The convolutional block attention module aggregates channel and spatial dimension information to enhance the representation ability of the model. Then, a position encoding generator module and a dynamic template update strategy are proposed to solve the occlusion. Group convolution is adopted in the input sequence through position encoding generator module, with each convolution group responsible for handling the relative positional relationships of a specific range. In order to improve the reliability of the template, dynamic template update strategy is used to update the template at the appropriate time. The effectiveness of the approach is validated on the MOT16, MOT17, and MOT20 datasets.
Signatures of magnetic braking in Class 0 protostars: Exploring the gas kinematics in magnetized models of low-mass star formation
Authors: Añez-López N. , Lebreuilly U. , Maury A. , Hennebelle P.
Published: April 2024

Context. Only indirect evidence of the role of magnetic braking in regulating gravitational collapse and the formation of circumstellar disks, such as compact disk sizes and the launching of high-velocity collimated protostellar jets, has been found from observational work.

Aims. More direct tests of the magnetic braking shaping the angular momentum of the gas in Class 0 protostars are crucially needed to confirm and make progress on the magnetically regulated disk formation scenario.

Methods. In the present work we used nonideal magnetohydrodynamic models of protostellar collapse and synthetic observations of molecular gas spectral emission, from the radiative transfer post-processing of these models. We analyzed the synthetic observations to test whether possible kinematic signatures of the magnetic braking in the gas velocity field can be captured from maps of the molecular gas emission in protostellar envelopes.

Results. By comparing the 3D specific angular momentum of models with varying turbulent energy and magnetization, we show that, in the numerical models of protostellar evolution explored, the increase in magnetization and its consequences on the spatial redistribution of angular momentum modifies the shapes of the radial profiles of specific angular momentum probed along the equatorial plane. However, various analysis of gas kinematics from the synthetic observations of molecular line emission mostly fail to capture the magnitude and differences in radial profiles of specific angular momentum due to different magnetization. Finally, we compare our synthetic observations to observational datasets from the literature to discuss possible magnetic braking signatures in protostellar envelopes.

Conclusions. We show that widely used observational methods fail to quantitatively capture the magnitude of angular momentum of the gas in protostellar envelopes, and that no method makes it possible to measure the differences in radial evolution of angular momentum due to different magnetization at all envelope radii. This is especially true in the more magnetized cases where the rotational velocities are of the order of the thermal broadening of the molecular lines. However, our analysis suggests that the detection of symmetric patterns and organized velocity fields in the moment 1 maps of the molecular line emission, and monotonous radial profiles of the specific angular momentum showing a power law decline, should be suggestive of a less magnetized scenario. Protostellar cores where efficient magnetic braking is at work are more likely to present a highly asymmetric velocity field, and more prone to show complex radial profiles of their specific angular momentum measured in the equatorial plane.
Simulating nearby disc galaxies on the main star formation sequence
Authors: Verwilghen Pierrick , Emsellem Eric , Renaud Florent , Valentini Milena , Sun Jiayi , Jeffreson Sarah , Klessen Ralf S. , Sormani Mattia C. , Barnes Ashley T. , Dolag Klaus , Grasha Kathryn , Liang Fu-Heng , Meidt Sharon , Neumann Justus , Querejeta Miguel , Schinnerer Eva , Williams Thomas G.
Published: April 2024

Past studies have long emphasised the key role played by galactic stellar bars in the context of disc secular evolution, via the redistribution of gas and stars, the triggering of star formation, and the formation of prominent structures such as rings and central mass concentrations. However, the exact physical processes acting on those structures, as well as the timescales associated with the building and consumption of central gas reservoirs are still not well understood. We are building a suite of hydro-dynamical RAMSES simulations of isolated, low-redshift galaxies that mimic the properties of the PHANGS sample. The initial conditions of the models reproduce the observed stellar mass, disc scale length, or gas fraction, and this paper presents a first subset of these models. Most of our simulated galaxies develop a prominent bar structure, which itself triggers central gas fuelling and the building of an over-density with a typical scale of 100−1000 pc. We confirm that if the host galaxy features an ellipsoidal component, the formation of the bar and gas fuelling are delayed. We show that most of our simulations follow a common time evolution, when accounting for mass scaling and the bar formation time. In our simulations, the stellar mass of 1010 M⊙ seems to mark a change in the phases describing the time evolution of the bar and its impact on the interstellar medium. In massive discs (M⋆ ≥ 1010 M⊙), we observe the formation of a central gas reservoir with star formation mostly occurring within a restricted starburst region, leading to a gas depletion phase. Lower-mass systems (M⋆ < 1010 M⊙) do not exhibit such a depletion phase, and show a more homogeneous spread of star-forming regions along the bar structure, and do not appear to host inner bar-driven discs or rings. Our results seem to be supported by observations, and we briefly discuss how this new suite of simulations can help our understanding of the secular evolution of main sequence disc galaxies.
Cytogenetic assessment of the quality of media treated with Hermetia Illucens zoocompost components
Authors: Porozhnyuk L.A. , Lupandina N.S. , Nepomenko A.V.
Published: April 2024

The influence of black soldier fly maggots vermiculture zoocompost water extract components on the proliferative activity of root apexes’ meristem and the root system growth of Allium cepa L was studied. Allium-test was used as a biological analysis, approved by International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) for monitoring environmental contaminants, substances, and chemicals. The cytogenetic effects, resulting from the action of zoocompost’s water-soluble components and manifesting themselves in abnormalities of mitosis stages, were identified. The «dose-effect» relationship between the water extract components’ content and the mitotic activity of Allium cepa L meristem was determined. The influence of zoocompost water extract components on the elongation zone of root apexes, which affects root system growth, is demonstrated. It is revealed that the biogenic elements of zoocompost water extract components produce a stimulating effect at certain concentrations. The evaluated doses inhibit the proliferative activity of meristem and the growth of the root system. The inhibiting effect is probably due to the increased salts content in the water extract, which causes plasmolysis of cells’ cytoplasm, and alkalosis, caused by the presence of ammonia. It is recommended to take into account the dosage of biologically active substances in zoocompost during the formulation development of fertilizing mixes for plant cultivation.
Efficiency of granulation of production fibrous wastes due to their precompression
Authors: Sevostyanov M.V. , Osokin A.V. , Protsenko A.M.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents scientific and technical developments to solve the environmental problems of recycling fibrous waste from various industries. The efficiency of creating and using devices for precompression of fibrous materials before extruding them in a plane-shaped granulator was proven. Mixing, precompression and microgranulation are used to form technogenic fibrous wastes. These processes are implemented in specially designed patent-protected devices.
Main concepts of regional development of the agricultural sector in the context of the green economy paradigm
Authors: Pakhomova A.I. , Guryeva A.A.
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the study is due to the problems of agricultural development and man-made challenges. In this regard, this article aims to identify the need to build an ideal model of urban-type settlements. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the system method, allowing comprehensively considering the study of green economy in the modern city as a whole, identifying a variety of cause-and-effect links and relations taking place within the system under study and in its interaction with the external environment. This paper considers the ecological rating of regions, provides statistics on man-made and natural emergencies. The authors have concluded that an effective adaptation to technogenic challenges is the creation of a new institutional model for the development of modern urban-type settlements. The materials of the article are of practical value for the authorities at the regional level when making managerial decisions on sustainable development of the region.
Organization of a unified digital platform in sustainable fisheries of the fishery complex
Authors: Chizhikova Anna V.
Published: April 2024

The actual issue of modern digitalization of the development of the fishery complex of the Russian Federation is the cardinal transformation of economic, scientific, technical, legal, production technological, production relations with digital platforms. The fishery complex as one of the important and integral parts of the country’s economy, providing the population with food and forming food security of the state, the main consumers of the products of most interrelated sectors in technological, economic and organizational fields of the economy. Intensive use and consumption of natural resources in order to maintain human civilization due to the limited nature of these resources cannot develop without proper regulation, both at the federal and regional levels. “Sustainable” fishery is a guarantor of food security of any country, and digitalization is essential.
Linear-quadratic two-person differential game: Nash game versus stackelberg game, local information versus global information
Authors: Feng Xinwei , Hu Ying , Huang Jianhui
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we present a unified framework to study a variety of two-person dynamic decision problems, including stochastic (zero-sum, non-zero-sum) Nash game, Stackelberg game with global information. For these games, the solvability of these problems is discussed via progressive formulations respectively: the abstract quadratic functional, Hamiltonian system for open-loop, and Riccati equation for closed-loop (feedback) representation. Based on the unified framework, time consistency/inconsistency property of related equilibrium is studied. Then we introduce a new type of game, Stackelberg game with local information. For this, the classical best-response machinery adopted for global information is no longer workable. As resolution, a repeated game approach is employed to construct the equilibrium strategies via a backward- and forward-procedure. Moreover, connection of local information pattern to time-inconsistency is also revealed. Finally, relations among zero-sum Nash game, zero-sum Stackelberg game with global information and local information are also identified.
Liquid hydrogen container stress analysis
Authors: Gan Jianli , Miao Cong
Published: April 2024

Based on the development of hydrogen liquefaction series equipment, this paper focuses on the development of large-scale vertical liquid hydrogen containers. The structural strength and stress of the outer container under the no-load and operating conditions under the seismic load of magnitude 8 were analyzed, and the equivalent stress response spectra of the 5th-order non-zero mode and the 8-intensity seismic load of the inner and outer containers under the full load and no-load conditions were obtained, and the stress concentration points were obtained from the stress analysis results and the improvement suggestions were given, and it was found that the modal response of the inner container under the full load and no-load conditions was basically the same, but the first-order response was less than 4Hz, and the influence of wind load should be considered.
Recent Nuclear Data Activity at the RPI Gaerttner LINAC Center
Authors: Danon Y. , Brain P. , Cook K. , Fritz D. , Golas A. , Siemers G. , Singh S. , Wang B. , Lewis A. , Daskalakis A. , Rapp M. , Barry D. , Trumbull T.
Published: April 2024

The nuclear data group at the RPI Gaerttner LINAC Laboratory uses a 60 MeV pulsed electron LINAC to produce short pulses of neutrons and perform cross section and other nuclear data measurements in a wide energy range from below 1 meV to about 20 MeV. This paper will cover several recent activities that are of interest to nuclear applications.

Interest in thermal neutron scattering evaluations prompted the need for accurate thermal total cross section measurements for validation. To improve the neutron flux in the sub-thermal region (below 0.01 eV) a cold moderator was designed and installed. A polyethylene moderator operating at about 26 K resulted in a factor of 8 increase in neutron flux below 0.01 eV. Using this new capability, several transmission measurements were performed with samples of polyethylene, polystyrene, Plexiglas, and yttrium hydride.

Neutron capture and transmission measurements in the keV energy range were made for 54Fe, which will be used in an evaluation effort that is underway. Capture measurements were collected on an array of C6D6 detectors that was expanded from 4 to 7 detectors, and a complementary transmission measurement was also performed.

Finally, research aimed at experimental validation of neutron capture gamma production is in progress. Energy dependent capture gamma cascades are measured with the RPI 16-segment gamma multiplicity detector. Measurements are then compared to capture gamma cascades generated from nuclear structure evaluations processed with DICEBOX and transported with a modified version of MCNP. This system provides important information on the completeness of primary gamma-ray databases.
Investigation of (n,x) reactions on enriched Ge targets at 15.7 MeV at the upgraded facility of NCSR “Demokritos”
Authors: Chasapoglou S. , Vlastou R. , Diakaki M. , Kokkoris M. , Amanatidis L. , Axiotis M. , Harissopoulos S. , Lagoyannis A.
Published: April 2024

Neutron induced reaction cross-section measurements display special interest both for fundamental research in the Nuclear Physics field and many practical applications. The Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INP) of the National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos (N.C.S.R. “D”) hosts the 5.5 MV T11/25 Van de Graaff accelerator, which is the only accelerator used in Greece for research purposes. This accelerator recently underwent a major upgrade, including the installation of a new pelletron charging system, two new ion sources, a new gas stripper and beam optics. This neutron facility can produce quasi-monoenrgetic neutron beams in the energy range ∼16-19 MeV via the 3 H(d,n)4 He (D-T) reaction, employing a tritiated Titanium target (TiT). The neutron induced cross sections of a total of nine reaction channels have been experimentally measured in the present work, via the activation technique, using enriched Ge targets. These targets produce more accurate cross-section results, in comparison with the - most commonly used in bibliography - nat Ge samples, since they do not suffer from contaminating reactions that produce the same residual nucleus. Monte Carlo simulations were also performed via the combined use of MCNP5 and NeuSDesc codes for the simulation of the neutron beam.
Target Accuracy Requirements Exercise within WPEC/SG46 and Feedback on Nuclear Data Needs
Authors: Cabellos Oscar , García-Herranz Nuria ,   SG46 members
Published: April 2024

The Target Accuracy Requirements (TAR) exercise was launched in the framework of the WPEC/S46 (2018-2022) on“Efficient and Effective Use of Integral Experiments for Nuclear Data Validation”[1]. This Exercise aims to quantify priority nuclear data needs or uncertainties reduction to meet design integral parameters target accuracies. To perform this work, the status and methodology of WPEC/SG26 (2005-2008) [2] was updated and reviewed. The overall objective of WPEC/SG46 Exercise on TAR to assess the effect of nuclear data uncertainty reduction on output relevant for reactor design and operation was successfully achieved. This work will be contributing in the short term to provide new entries in the NEA High Priority Request List (HPRL) [3].
Des systèmes alimentaires non soutenables qu’il faut réformer en profondeur
Authors: Ducos Alain , Brun Hugo , Candau Olivia , Deiber Maëlle , Florsheimer Léa , Larribeau Léa , Portet-Tixidor Baptiste
Published: April 2024

Les systèmes agricoles et alimentaires ont connu de profondes transformations durant les dernières décennies dans l’ensemble des pays industrialisés. Les territoires et exploitations agricoles se sont fortement spécialisés. L’usage d’intrants de différentes natures s’est intensifié. La part des produits animaux et des produits ultra-transformés dans nos assiettes a fortement augmenté. Cette dynamique de « modernisation » a induit une augmentation de la productivité des systèmes agricoles, permettant de réduire, puis de maintenir, la part de l’alimentation dans le budget des ménages. Mais les coûts associés à ces systèmes alimentaires sont très importants. L’alimentation représente aujourd’hui le quart des émissions de gaz à effet de serre dans notre pays. Le modèle de développement agricole « productiviste » adopté depuis plus d’un demi-siècle est à l’origine de perturbations majeures des cycles de l’azote, du phosphore, de l’eau. Il a fortement contribué à l’effondrement massif et brutal de la biodiversité, à la dégradation importante de la santé des sols. Par ailleurs, la part de valeur ajoutée captée par les agriculteurs n’a cessé de s’éroder au cours du temps. La durabilité sociale et économique d’un nombre important d’exploitations agricoles est aujourd’hui menacée. Face à ce constat, une transformation importante de nos systèmes agricoles et alimentaires doit être envisagée. L’agroécologie offre un cadre pertinent pour penser et mettre en œuvre cette transformation.
La transition agroécologique en pratique : le scénario Afterres2050
Authors: Gibert Caroline , Doublet Sylvain , Couturier Christian
Published: April 2024

Le scénario Afterres2050 a été la première prospective normative sur le secteur des terres, à l’échelle nationale, à lier système alimentaire et système agricole, sur la base d’une sortie des énergies fossiles via les énergies renouvelables à l’horizon 2050.

Il interroge notre capacité à pourvoir à nos besoins alimentaires et non-alimentaires, avec une population croissante, tout en s’alignant aux objectifs fixés par l’ensemble des feuilles de routes environnementales et sociétales. Le scénario Afterres2050 intègre un ajustement progressif et itératif de l’offre et de la demande, par une approche bilancielle synthétisée dans un outil de modélisation systémique de l’usages des terres (MoSUT), sans pari technologique, mais en se basant sur des pratiques et des systèmes éprouvés aujourd’hui, ici massifiés en 2050.

Il interroge les concurrences et synergies potentielles entre les usages de la biomasse, via le concept des 6 F (Food, Feed, Fiber, Fuel, Forêt et Fertilité des sols) et leur répartition actuelle et future en réponse aux enjeux pour nos communs, à savoir la préservation de la qualité des sols, de la biodiversité, de l’eau, de l’air et de la santé humaine, des écosystèmes et des animaux.

Les 4 leviers identifiés pour y parvenir sont : 1) modifier nos régimes alimentaires pour ajuster la demande alimentaire à nos besoins, 2) faire évoluer nos systèmes et nos pratiques agricoles en généralisant l’agroécologie, 3) reconsidérer nos flux d’imports-exports pour les rendre plus sobres et respectueux et 4) diversifier l’usage des terres pour assurer la multifonctionnalité et lutter contre le changement climatique.

La mise en débat d’Afterres2050, et plus globalement, les démarches de prospective qui y sont associées sur les territoires accompagnés par Solagro, contribuent à la prise de conscience collective des enjeux globaux, et à la définition et négociation d’actions à mettre en œuvre avec l’ensemble des acteurs pour réaliser cette transition agroécologique.
Accompagner et démocratiser la transition agroécologique
Authors: Hazard Laurent
Published: April 2024

La transition agroécologique vers des systèmes alimentaires durables stagne malgré les exemples de réussite et les preuves scientifiques. L’accélérer nécessite de transformer notre façon de penser le changement. La complexité et l’incertitude des situations d’intervention rendent les effets d’une action relativement imprévisibles. Pour ne pas répéter les erreurs du passé, il faut également adapter les solutions aux contextes locaux. La transition doit procéder par essais-erreurs. Elle prend la forme d’une enquête dont l’issue dépend du contexte. Elle mobilise le jugement professionnel des acteurs de terrain pour identifier ce qui est possible, ce qui marche et ce qui est souhaitable. Cette démarche bénéficie à être conduite collectivement, mais les solutions qu’elle produit doivent être déployées en respectant le parcours de chacun. L’animation du collectif devient exigeante puisqu’il s’agit de construire des valeurs communes à propos de ce qu’il est acceptable de faire, puis de concevoir des solutions adaptées à la situation de chacun, qui soient en adéquation avec ces valeurs. Il semble possible et nécessaire de convoquer les citoyens dans cette démarche, puisque transformer nos systèmes alimentaires est un enjeu sociétal. La reterritorialisation de ces systèmes offre l’opportunité de mobiliser les citoyens localement pour les reconfigurer, en étant à la fois soutien et pression pour accélérer la transition.
Hyperthermie et diarrhée intermittentes avec amaigrissement progressif chez une vache charolaise
Authors: Nankam Chimi Roland , Zidane Sami , Lurier Thibaut , Arcangioli Marie-Anne
Published: April 2024

Les conséquences cliniques et paracliniques des réticulo-péritonites par corps étranger chez les bovins sont variées, en fonction de l’organe atteint et de sa nature. Dans cette étude de cas, les examens complémentaires ont permis de suspecter un processus inflammatoire chronique actif, affectant le tissu sanguin, sans pour autant pouvoir le rattacher avec certitude à la migration d’un corps étranger traumatique. La radiographie seule a permis de déceler le CE, sans diagnostiquer avec certitude sa position anatomique. Ces éléments cliniques et paracliniques sont confirmés à l’autopsie de la vache.