bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Education and Training in Global Neurosurgery: The Quest for Diversity and Equitable Collaborations
Authors: Thango Nqobile S. , Ceccato Guilherme , Baticulon Ronnie E. , Garcia Roxanna , Kolias Angelos , Shlobin Nathan A. , Ghotme Kemel A. , Qureshi Mahmood M. , Rosseau Gail , Borba Luis A.
Published: August 2024

Education and training are essential components of global neurosurgery because they provide a sustainable solution to address the workforce deficits in the neurosurgical burden of disease. Neurosurgery training programs and opportunities exist in most areas of the world, but some countries still lack formal mechanisms to train future generations. In this special article, we review the neurosurgical workforce deficit, characterize factors influencing the absence or inadequacy of neurosurgical training, and identify strategies that could facilitate global efforts in building a stronger workforce. We summarize the key neurosurgical training models worldwide and the factors influencing the standardization of neurosurgical education by region. In addition, we evaluate the “brain drain” issue in the larger context of the healthcare workforce and propose solutions to mitigate this phenomenon in neurosurgical practice. Future generations of neurosurgical trainees depend on our efforts to intensify and expand education and training in this new virtual era. As we look to the future, we must prioritize education to strengthen the future neurosurgeons who will lead and shape the frontiers of our field.
Investigation of the quality of the groundwater and the nitrate pollution hazards to human health in the desert region of Algeria
Authors: Lakhdari Alia Sara , Bouselsal Boualem
Published: August 2024

Groundwater in the desert zone is important for supporting all life forms in these regions. This research focused on analyzing the quality of groundwater and the threats posed by nitrate contamination in the Continental Intercalary Aquifer (CI) in the Adrar region. Twenty-five groundwater samples were collected and assessed for pH, electrical conductivity, and major ions, employing hydrochemical diagrams, multivariate statistical analysis, and indices such as the Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG), Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), and Health Risk Assessment (HRA).The findings revealed the typical order of ion concentrations: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ for cations and Cl- > SO42- > HCO3- > NO3- for anions. These concentrations result from natural processes like evaporation and the dissolution of evaporites, along with anthropogenic influences, primarily from agricultural and urban sources. The PIG values categorized 28% of samples as having insignificant pollution, 48% as low, and 24% as high. Moreover, NPI results showed that 24% of samples had insignificant pollution, 44% displayed mild pollution, and 32% were moderately polluted. The Health Risk Assessment highlighted significant non-carcinogenic risks due to nitrate exposure. Hazard quotient values exceeded the safe threshold of 1 in 80% of samples for infants, 76% for children, and 64% for adults, indicating significant health risks. These findings underscore the critical need for targeted treatment strategies to ensure safe drinking water for the region's population. This comprehensive analysis demonstrates the critical interplay between natural and human factors in shaping groundwater quality and emphasizes the importance of continued monitoring and intervention to protect public health.
Identity Disclosure and Anthropomorphism in Voice Chatbot Design: A Field Experiment
Authors: Xu Yuqian , Dai Hongyan , Yan Wanfeng
Published: August 2024

Fueled by the widespread adoption of algorithms and artificial intelligence, the use of chatbots has become increasingly popular in various business contexts. In this paper, we study how to effectively and appropriately use voice chatbots, particularly by leveraging the two design features identity disclosure and anthropomorphism, and evaluate their impact on the firm operational performance. In collaboration with a large truck-sharing platform, we conducted a field experiment that randomly assigned 11,000 truck drivers to receive outbound calls from the voice chatbot dispatcher of our focal platform. Our empirical results suggest that disclosing the identity of the chatbot at the beginning of the conversation negatively affects operational performance, leading to around 11% reduction in the response probability. However, humanizing the voice chatbot by adding our proposed anthropomorphism features (i.e., interjections and filler words) significantly improves response probability, conversation length, and the probability of order acceptance intention by over 5.6%, 24.9%, and 10.1%, respectively. Moreover, even when the chatbot’s identity is disclosed along with humanizing features, the operational outcomes still improve. This finding suggests that enhancing anthropomorphism may potentially counteract the negative effects of chatbot identity disclosure. Finally, we propose one plausible explanation for the performance improvement—the enhanced trust between humans and algorithms—and provide empirical evidence that drivers are more likely to disclose information to chatbot dispatchers with anthropomorphism features. Our proposed anthropomorphism improvement solutions are currently being implemented and utilized by our collaborator platform.

This paper has been This paper was accepted by Felipe Caro for the Special Issue on the Human-Algorithm Connection.

Funding: This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72172169 and 91646125], Program for Innovation Research at the Central University of Finance and Economic, and Shanghai Pujiang Program.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03833 .
Treating Employees With Dignity, Respect, and Fairness: The Impact on the Quality of Life of People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Friedman Carli , Gilden Cory
Published: August 2024

This study examined the impact of human service providers treating their employees with dignity, respect, and fairness on the quality of life of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). We analyzed Personal Outcome Measures (n = 3,898 people with IDD) and Basic Assurances (n = 387 providers) data using multilevel logistic regressions. When providers treated their employees with dignity and respect, people with IDD were more likely to have the following outcomes present: health; continuity and security; realize goals; free from abuse and neglect; respect; decide when to share information; housing choice; fair treatment; rights; and choose services. How organizations treat their employees not only affects those employees, but also impacts the quality of life of people with IDD.
Vocational Calling, Meaningful Work, and Job Satisfaction Among Disability Services Providers
Authors: Carter Erik W. , Lanchak Emily R. , Morgan Grant B.
Published: August 2024

Recruiting and retaining a strong disability workforce remains an enduring concern in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities. Yet little attention has focused on the sense of calling that disability service providers have to this important work and its relationships to their job satisfaction. We surveyed 269 disability service providers to examine whether they (a) perceive a calling in their life, (b) are living out that calling in their current work, (c) find meaning in their career, and (d) experience job satisfaction. The experience of both having and living out one’s calling in their current work was especially prominent among participants. Likewise, most providers indicated they drew considerable meaning and purpose from their work. Perceiving a calling contributed to higher job satisfaction through living out one’s calling and finding meaning in one’s work. Some variations in ratings were associated with personal demographics (i.e., sex, years of experience). These findings provide new insights into what might draw disability service providers into this work or sustain their commitment amidst challenging and changing working conditions. We highlight areas for research and practice aimed at place of calling within efforts to strengthening recruitment and retention.
Single-shot carrier-envelope-phase detection using tunneling ionization in ambient air
Authors: Kim Bin , Shin Jeong-uk , Cho Wosik , Kim Yang Hwan , Yeom Kyung Hoon , Kim Kyung Taec
Published: August 2024

The carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of a laser pulse plays a crucial role in laser-matter interactions. The inherent shot-to-shot instability of the CEP necessitates single-shot detection, which is not only vital for stabilizing the CEP but also for observing ultrafast phenomena that conventional averaging techniques cannot resolve. In this study, we demonstrate a novel approach utilizing strong-field ionization in ambient air for single-shot CEP measurement. Our method is applicable without the need for an imaging device, providing a practical and precise solution for high-repetition-rate CEP measurement.
A machine learning enhanced EMS mutagenesis probability map for efficient identification of causal mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Guo Zhengyang , Wang Shimin , Wang Yang , Wang Zi , Ou Guangshuo
Published: August 2024

Chemical mutagenesis-driven forward genetic screens are pivotal in unveiling gene functions, yet identifying causal mutations behind phenotypes remains laborious, hindering their high-throughput application. Here, we reveal a non-uniform mutation rate caused by Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis in the C. elegans genome, indicating that mutation frequency is influenced by proximate sequence context and chromatin status. Leveraging these factors, we developed a machine learning enhanced pipeline to create a comprehensive EMS mutagenesis probability map for the C. elegans genome. This map operates on the principle that causative mutations are enriched in genetic screens targeting specific phenotypes among random mutations. Applying this map to Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data of genetic suppressors that rescue a C. elegans ciliary kinesin mutant, we successfully pinpointed causal mutations without generating recombinant inbred lines. This method can be adapted in other species, offering a scalable approach for identifying causal genes and revitalizing the effectiveness of forward genetic screens.
Voltage-gated calcium channels act upstream of adenylyl cyclase Ac78C to promote timely initiation of dendrite regeneration
Authors: Hertzler J. Ian , Teng Jiajing , Bernard Annabelle R. , Stone Michelle C. , Kline Hannah L. , Mahata Gibarni , Kumar Nitish , Rolls Melissa M.
Published: August 2024

Most neurons are not replaced after injury and thus possess robust intrinsic mechanisms for repair after damage. Axon injury triggers a calcium wave, and calcium and cAMP can augment axon regeneration. In comparison to axon regeneration, dendrite regeneration is poorly understood. To test whether calcium and cAMP might also be involved in dendrite injury signaling, we tracked the responses of Drosophila dendritic arborization neurons to laser severing of axons and dendrites. We found that calcium and subsequently cAMP accumulate in the cell body after both dendrite and axon injury. Two voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), L-Type and T-Type, are required for the calcium influx in response to dendrite injury and play a role in rapid initiation of dendrite regeneration. The AC8 family adenylyl cyclase, Ac78C, is required for cAMP production after dendrite injury and timely initiation of regeneration. Injury-induced cAMP production is sensitive to VGCC reduction, placing calcium upstream of cAMP generation. We propose that two VGCCs initiate global calcium influx in response to dendrite injury followed by production of cAMP by Ac78C. This signaling pathway promotes timely initiation of dendrite regrowth several hours after dendrite damage.
Prevalence and factors associated with moderate-to-severe anaemia among virally suppressed people with HIV at a tertiary hospital in Zambia
Authors: Kamvuma Kingsley , Masenga Sepiso , Hamooya Benson , Chanda Warren , Munsaka Sody
Published: August 2024

Objective

Anaemia is associated with an increased risk of disease progression and all-cause mortality among HIV-infected individuals, regardless of the type of anaemia, but the magnitude of the risk is greater with more severe forms of anaemia. Although anaemia PLWH has been extensively studied, the focus has primarily been on its prevalence and association with disease progression in untreated or poorly controlled HIV cases. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, and factors associated with moderate-to-severe anaemia among virally suppressed HIV patients at a tertiary hospital in Zambia.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of ART-treated PLWH for at least 6 months at Livingstone University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory were the data collected. The primary outcome moderate to severe anaemia was defined as follows; moderate anemia as haemaoglobin levels between 8.0–10.9 g/ and severe anemia as haemoglobin levels less than 8.0 g/dL according to the WHO classification. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with moderate-to-severe anaemia.

Results

Among 823 participants with viral suppression, the overall prevalence of anaemia and moderate-to-severe anaemia was 29.4% (n = 242; 95% confidence interval (CI): 26.3–32.6) and 14.2% (n = 117, 95% CI: 11.7–18), respectively. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, women had higher odds of moderate to severe anaemia compared to men (AOR 2.618, 95% CI 1.182–5.799). Lymphocyte count (AOR 0.525, 95% CI 0.31–0.90) and higher BMI (AOR 1.0671, 95% CI 1.01–1.13) were also significant factors. Microcytosis (AOR 49.79, 95% CI 12.95–191.49) and normocytosis (AOR 4.38, 95% CI 1.22–15.75) were strongly associated with higher odds compared to macrocytosis. NNRTI treatment was associated with higher odds of anaemia compared to INSTI treatment (AOR 5.231, 95% CI 1.04–26.33). Traditional risk factors for anaemia like CD4+ count and tuberculosis infection were not significant.

Conclusion

We found a higher prevalence of anaemia and moderate-to-severe anaemia in virally suppressed PLWH, suggesting factors beyond HIV contribute to the persistence of anaemia in this cohort. Women, lower lymphocyte count, higher BMI, low mean corpuscular volume (microcytosis) indicative of microcytic anaemia, and NNRTI-based ART regimens were independently associated with moderate-to-severe anaemia. Further research is warranted to explain the underlying mechanisms and optimize clinical management to improve outcomes among virally suppressed PLWH.
Multivariate variable selection in N-of-1 observational studies via additive Bayesian networks
Authors: Pascual Christian , Diaz Keith , Jain Sonia
Published: August 2024

An N-of-1 observational design characterizes associations among several variables over time in a single individual. Traditional statistical models recommended for experimental N-of-1 trials may not adequately model these observational relationships. We propose an additive Bayesian network using a generalized linear mixed-effects model for the local mean as a novel method for modeling each of these relationships in a data-driven manner. We validate our approach via simulation studies and apply it to a 12-month observational N-of-1 study exploring the impact of stress on daily exercise engagement. We demonstrate the improved performance of the additive Bayesian network to recover the underlying network structure. From the empirical study, we found statistically discernible associations between reports of stress and physical activity on a population level, but these associations may differ at an individual level.
An optimal B-spline approach for vectorizing raster image outlines
Authors: Abbas Samreen , Hussain Malik Zawwar , ul-Ain Qurat
Published: August 2024

Capturing outlines is crucial in vectorization of the digital images. An effective and automatic algorithm is presented for outline vectorizing of planar objects within the digital images using trigonometric B-spline. A soft computing optimization technique Genetic Algorithm (GA) is employed to determine the suitable measures of parameter in the description of proposed B-spline. The anticipated scheme is executed on a few raster (bitmap), digital images to validate the robustness of the algorithm. The procedure of vectorizing outlines encompasses a series of stages like boundary detection, corner recognition, break point identification and curve fitting using the proposed B-spline.
Prevalence, associated factors and consequence of problematic smartphone use among adolescents and young adults in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Islam Md. Rabiul , Mondol Archok Arigan , Kundu Ripa , Baroi Juliana Aditi , Akter Sayma , Urmi Taslima Jamal , Roknuzzaman A. S. M. , Hossain Md. Alamgir , Parves Mohammad Masud , Omer Humair Bin Md. , Kabir Eva Rahman
Published: August 2024

Background

Problematic smartphone use (PSU) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and young adults are of major concern to parents. However, the prevalence and associated factors related to these issues in Bangladeshi adolescents and young adults remain unclear to the best of our knowledge. The aim of this study is to assess PSU and ADHD in the context of adolescent and young adult age groups in Bangladesh.

Methods

The present study collected data from diverse geographical locations in Bangladesh via face-to-face surveys using stratified random sampling methods. We considered age, sex, and geographic location stratification criteria. A total of 578 respondents participated in the survey initially. From this, we discarded 36 responses after screening because the information provided was insufficient or incomplete response. In the end, 542 replies were incorporated into the final analysis. PSU and ADHD depend on several factors, including the individual’s demographic background.

Results

The prevalence of PSU and ADHD symptoms in adolescents and young adults in Bangladesh is 61.44% and 37.45%, respectively based on our findings. The symptoms of PSU are correlated with age, education level, family type (nuclear/joint), sleeping pattern, physical exercise, and residence area. ADHD symptoms are correlated with age, education level, living with family, smoking habit, physical disability, sleeping pattern, physical exercise, residence area, and PSU. Also, we observed that ADHD and PSU symptoms are positively correlated with each other.

Conclusion

A large proportion of young adults and adolescents reported PSU and ADHD symptoms. The present findings have practical implications in clinical psychology, psychotherapy, and related policy considerations. We propose to develop an inclusive interventional strategy and community-based programs to address PSU and ADHD-related issues.
Factors related to blood pressure assessment during pregnancy in Ethiopia: Multilevel analysis using the 2019 mini demographic and health survey data
Authors: Tesfie Tigabu Kidie , Yirsaw Bantie Getnet , Agimas Muluken Chanie , Merid Mehari Woldemariam , Derseh Nebiyu Mekonnen , Tilahun Werkneh Melkie
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Blood pressure assessment is an essential strategy for early detection and treatment of hypertension and hypotension. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are major public health problems resulting in a significant burden of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. In Ethiopia, among pregnancies complicated by HDP, 25% end up with perinatal death. Perinatal and maternal mortality related to HDP were found to be higher in Ethiopia compared to high-income and most of the low- and middle-income countries. Despite its importance, there is limited evidence on blood pressure assessment during pregnancy. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of blood pressure assessment during pregnancy and its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Methods

This study was based on the 2019 Mini Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. A total weighted sample of 2923 women who had a live birth five years before the survey were included and Stata version 16 software was used for statistical analysis. To identify associated factors, a multilevel robust Poisson regression model was fitted since the prevalence of blood pressure assessment was higher than 10%. Variables with p-value < 0.2 in the bi-variable analysis were exported to the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable analysis, the adjusted prevalence ratio with its 95% confidence interval was used to declare a statistically significant association.

Results

In Ethiopia, the prevalence of blood pressure assessment during pregnancy was 88.1% (95% CI: 86.9%, 89.2%). In the multivariable multilevel robust Poisson analysis, primary education and secondary education, grand-multiparity, initiation of antenatal care before three months and 3–6 months, four and above antenatal care visits, being counselled by a health professional, being from richer and richest households, residing in Afar and Amhara regions were significantly associated with BP assessment during pregnancy in Ethiopia.

Conclusion and recommendations

To reduce the high burden of mortality related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the country, blood pressure assessment should be improved. Therefore, policymakers should design interventions that empower women in terms of education and economy, promoting early initiation of antenatal care visits and prenatal counselling could improve blood pressure assessment.
Multiple resistance factors collectively promote inoculum-dependent dynamic survival during antimicrobial peptide exposure in Enterobacter cloacae
Authors: Murtha Andrew N. , Kazi Misha I. , Kim Eileen Y. , Torres Facundo V. , Rosch Kelly M. , Dörr Tobias
Published: August 2024

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising tool with which to fight rising antibiotic resistance. However, pathogenic bacteria are equipped with several AMP defense mechanisms, whose contributions to AMP resistance are often poorly defined. Here, we evaluate the genetic determinants of resistance to an insect AMP, cecropin B, in the opportunistic pathogen Enterobacter cloacae. Single-cell analysis of E. cloacae’s response to cecropin revealed marked heterogeneity in cell survival, phenotypically reminiscent of heteroresistance (the ability of a subpopulation to grow in the presence of supra-MIC concentration of antimicrobial). The magnitude of this response was highly dependent on initial E. cloacae inoculum. We identified 3 genetic factors which collectively contribute to E. cloacae resistance in response to the AMP cecropin: The PhoPQ-two-component system, OmpT-mediated proteolytic cleavage of cecropin, and Rcs-mediated membrane stress response. Altogether, our data suggest that multiple, independent mechanisms contribute to AMP resistance in E. cloacae.
Mozgással, mozgásfejlődéssel és mozgásfejlesztéssel kapcsolatos tévhitek elterjedtsége pedagógusszakos hallgatók és végzett pedagógusok körében
Authors: Kälbli Katalin , Kaj Mónika , Vig Julianna , Svraka Bernadett , Révész-Kiszela Kinga , Csányi Tamás
Published: August 2024

A neuromítoszok, vagyis téves idegtudományi elképzelések a mozgásfejlesztés és a motoros terápiák területén is problémát jelentenek. A megcáfolt fejlődéselméleteken vagy idegrendszeri működési mechanizmusok félreértelmezésén alapuló mozgásfejlesztési módszerek a gyermek különböző, nem motoros funkcióterületeinek (pl. kognitív funkciók, tanulási teljesítmény) javulását vetítik előre tudományos megalapozottság nélkül. Tanulmányunk célja a mozgással kapcsolatos neuromítoszok előfordulási gyakoriságának elemzése.

Kérdőíves vizsgálatunkat a Magyar Neuroedukáció Kérdőívvel (MANEK, 2022) végeztük, mely 13 mozgással kapcsolatos állítást is magába foglalt. Vizsgálati mintánkat pedagógia szakos hallgatók (n=822 fő, életkoruk 29,65 ± 9,93 év), továbbá végzett pedagógusok (n=734 fő, életkoruk 48,05 ± 9,3 év) adták.
A 13 állítás közül a hallgatók átlagosan 8 (Median=8, CI= 7,6-7,97), míg a végzett szakemberek átlagosan 10 (Median=10, CI= 9,34-9,66) valóságtartalmát ítélték meg helytelenül. A 13-ból 12 állítás esetén a gyakorló pedagógusok hibás válaszadási aránya volt magasabb. Mindkét almintában a következő neuromítosz volt a legelterjedtebb (helytelenül válaszolt a hallgatók 89,7%-a és végzett pedagógusok 95,8%-a): „A motoros és érzékelő/észlelő funkciók koordinációját igénylő gyakorlatok fejlesztik az olvasási és számolási készségeket”.

A vizsgált neuromítoszok széleskörű elterjedtsége felhívja a figyelmet a tudományosan megalapozott ismeretek kommunikációjának szükségességére. E neuromítoszok olyan (mozgás)terápiás eljárások alkalmazását támogatják, melyek hatásossága erősen vitatott, jelentős anyagi és energiaráfordítást igényelnek, továbbá időt vesznek el a bizonyítottan fejlesztő eljárások alkalmazásától.
A Structural Approach for the Concurrent Teaching of Introductory Propositional Calculus and Set Theory
Authors: Skliar Osvaldo , Gapper Sherry , Monge Ricardo E.
Published: August 2024

A presentation is provided of a structural approach for the concur rent teaching of introductory propositional calculus and set theory. The existence of isomorphism is shown between each law (or tautology) of propositional calculus and the form of a corresponding set which is equal to the universal set U considered.
Los Terrain Vague en la ciudad de Santa Fe
Authors: Calvi Lumila Milagros
Published: August 2024

Los Terrain Vague (TV) son espacios geográficos particulares y, en gran medida, contradictorios en sus definiciones y usos. Estos son considerados espacios vacíos, olvidados, abandonados, que se encuentran por fuera de los circuitos productivos. El diagnóstico y análisis de los TV, en primera instancia, permite abrir una discusión acerca de la presencia de dichos terrenos en una ciudad y todo lo que ello involucra.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF BLENDED LEARNING-BASED DIGITAL TEACHING MATERIALS ON KINEMATICS FOR ISLAMIC PRIMARY SCHOOL PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS IN SCIENCE LEARNING
Authors: Amelia Rizki , Wibowo Agus Mukti
Published: August 2024

Kinematics is one of fundamental materials in Basic Science Courses for Islamic Primary Schools Prospective Teacher. Kinematics often difficult for student because it needs schematic drawings and formula for motion. Thus, the kinematics teaching materials absolutely needed for Islamic Primary Schools Prospective Teacher. The current findings suggest that the environment in which Islamic Primary Schools Prospective Teachers learn has not been conducive to their growth and development. These initial observations indicate that certain factors may be hindering their progress. Therefore, digital teaching materials are needed that can facilitate the entire science learning process. The purpose of this research is to explicate the development process, along with the validation and comprehensibility of digital science teaching materials as learning media for prospective elementary school teachers in Islamic education. The Lee and Owens development model was used in the creation of this digital teaching material. The Lee Owens developmental model consist of assessment/analysis, need assessment, front-end analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. A material validation questionnaire, media, and a student readability test were used in the questionnaire with Likert scale. The subject of this research are 24 students of Islamic Primary Schools Prospective Teacher in UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. The material aspect of product validation showed an average result of 92.08%, while the media validation aspect scored 90.90%. The readability test for digital science teaching materials obtained a score of 83.2%. These findings suggest that digital science teaching materials are highly valid and suitable for use as learning media for prospective Islamic elementary school teachers. As a result, it is possible to conclude that digital science teaching materials are extremely valid and appropriate for use as learning media for prospective Islamic elementary school teachers.
E-CHARACTER ASSESSMENT BASED ON PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Nurhasanah Nina , Sarifah Iva , Hasanah Uswatun
Published: August 2024

Implementing the character of education for elementary schools in Indonesia requires e-assessment using the dimensions of the Pancasila student profile to make it easier for teachers to use it. In contrast, e-assessment still needs to be created. This research aims to research and develop an electronic instrument for assessing student character in elementary schools based on the Pancasila Student Profile. The research method used is the 4-D model research and development method (Four-D Model) introduced by S. Thiagarajan. The research was conducted in elementary schools in five areas of DKI Jakarta, including Central Jakarta, East Jakarta, South Jakarta, North Jakarta, and West Jakarta, with 762 students as respondents. The instrument used was a questionnaire. This character e-assessment instrument based on the Pancasila Profile was validated with results obtained from validation scores from material experts of 76% and language experts of 91%, so this character e-assessment instrument is said to be scientifically feasible. The research produced a prototype model of the character e-assessment instrument that has been validated. This research indicates that using a character assessment based on the Pancasila Profile is feasible and easy for students and teachers.
Revisão integrativa da literatura sobre Autoeficácia ocupacional
Authors: Marques Muller Jaqueline , Silva Narbal , Duarte Pesca Andrea
Published: August 2024

Autoeficácia ocupacional é a convicção de uma pessoa de que ela pode executar comportamentos relevantes para o seu trabalho. Este estudo é uma revisão integrativa que teve como objetivo investigar o conceito de autoeficácia ocupacional a fim de conhecer características importantes sobre o tema e ampliar a compreensão do conceito. O método adotado seguiu duas etapas principais: 1) busca sistemática, análise e seleção das publicações nas bases de dados Web of Science, Lilacs, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, PsycINFO e Pepsic, considerando todo o período de publicações; e 2) revisão dos estudos selecionados na primeira etapa. Consideramos elegíveis (a) estudos disponíveis para leitura na íntegra e (b) investigações acerca da autoeficácia ocupacional. Os resultados apresentados mostram correlações entre a autoeficácia ocupacional e diversos indicadores no trabalho e de saúde e bem estar. As organizações podem promover o desenvolvimento de crenças de autoeficácia entre os trabalhadores a fim de prepará-los para suas atividades, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento das pessoas e da própria organização. Medidas específicas de autoeficácia ocupacional são indicadas e representam melhor o comportamento sob investigação e tendem a ter um valor preditivo mais forte do que uma medida geral de autoeficácia. Deste modo, instrumentos para a mensuração deste construto podem ser utilizados para avaliação, subsidiando também intervenções no campo da Psicologia e no contexto do trabalho.
Teoría de la mente y funcionamiento ejecutivo en niños
Authors: Gómez Tabares Anyerson Stiths , Landinez Martínez Daniel Alfredo
Published: August 2024

Numerosos estudios han analizado la Teoría de la Mente (ToM) y el Funcionamiento Ejecutivo (FE) en población infantil. Sin embargo, los hallazgos respecto al desarrollo y relación entre ToM y FE en niños no son concluyentes al considerar las variaciones en el neurodesarrollo típico y alterado. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la producción científica y evidencia empírica sobre la relación entre el desempeño en ToM y FE en niños y su incidencia en el desarrollo neurotípico, el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad y el trastorno del espectro autista. Se trató de un estudio bibliométrico basado en la teoría de grafos. La búsqueda documental se hizo en la Web of Science y se utilizó bibliometrix, Sci2 Tool y Gephi para los distintos análisis. Los hallazgos indican que niños con TDAH presentan un menor desempeño en tareas de control inhibitorio en comparación con niños con desarrollo típico. Así mismo, se reportó que la memoria de trabajo y el control inhibitorio predicen el rendimiento de niños con TDAH, TEA y DT en tareas de falsas creencias. Sin embargo, los niños con TEA presentan un déficit en el rendimiento de tareas de ToM en comparación con los demás grupos. Finalmente, se halló que la FE se correlaciona directamente con la ToM en niños con desarrollo típico de distintas características sociales (e.g bajo nivel socioeconómico). Esto hallazgos son relevantes porque ayudan a comprender mejor los mecanismos cognitivo-sociales y neuropsicológicos vinculados al neurodesarrollo infantil.
İŞ TATMİNİ, GRUP BAĞLILIĞI, KOLEKTİF YETERLİLİK ve GRUP ETKİLİLİĞİ İLİŞKİSİ: BİR ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI
Authors: Okumuş Mustafa Tuncer , Bakan İsmail
Published: August 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı iş tatmini ve grup bağlılığının kolektif yeterlilik üzerindeki etkisini ve devamında kolektif yeterliliğin grup etkililiğine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırma kapsamında nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Kahramanmaraş’ta faaliyet gösteren itfaiye çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. 213 itfaiye çalışanına anket uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS ve AMOS programı ile istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Frekans, güvenilirlik, faktör, korelasyon, regresyon, process makro ve yol analizleri yapılmıştır. İş tatmini ve grup bağlılığının kolektif yeterliliği artırdığı bulunmuştur. Kolektif yeterliliğin de grup etkililiği üzerinde etkisi bulunmaktadır. İş tatmini ve grup bağlılığı arttıkça kolektif yeterliliğin arttığı ve kolektif yeterlilik arttıkça grup etkililiğinin arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İtfaiye çalışanlarında iş tatmini ve grup bağlığının artırılmasına yönelik çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.
İSRAİL-HAMAS SAVAŞI’NI KONU ALAN HABER FOTOĞRAFLARININ ALIMLANMASI: KUŞAKLARARASI BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA
Authors: Coşkun Aziz
Published: August 2024

Savaş kitlesel olarak yıkıcı etkileriyle ön plana çıkan bir olgudur. Toplumların siyasal, ekonomik ve kültürel yapılarını derinden etkileyen savaşlar, insanlar üzerinde büyük ölçekte fiziksel ve psikolojik travmalara neden olmaktadır. Bu araştırma, İsrail-Hamas arasında devam eden savaşın insanlar üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak ve çözüm önerilerinde bulunmak için yapılmıştır. Araştırmada İsrail-Hamas Savaş’ını konu alan haber fotoğraflarının X, Y, Z kuşaklarından seçilen dokuz katılımcı tarafından nasıl alımlandığı incelenmiştir. Haber fotoğrafları, amaçsal örneklem yöntemi kullanılarak TRT Haber’in İsrail-Hamas Savaşını konu alan “Foto Fokus” başlıklı haberlerinden seçilmiştir. Katılımcılarla görüşmeler, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine mülakat tekniği ile yapılmıştır. Bu yöntem, katılımcıların savaş konulu fotoğraflarla ilgili duygusal ve bilişsel tepkilerini ayrıntılı analiz etmeyi sağlamaktadır. Araştırmada katılımcılarla yapılan görüşmelerde yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi gibi sosyo-demografik özelliklerin İsrail-Hamas Savaş’ını konu alan haber fotoğraflarının algılanma sürecinde farklılıklara neden olduğu görülmüştür.
İNTİBAH VE PERÎÇEHR ROMANLARININ FEMME FATALE KAVRAMI ÇERÇEVESİNDE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Avcıoğlu Gamze Gizem
Published: August 2024

Türk ve İran edebiyatının önemli yazarlarından Nâmık Kemal ve Muhammed-i Hicâzî farklı coğrafyalarda yetişseler de bulundukları toprakların siyasî-sosyal değişimlerine tanık olmuş iki yazardır. Tanzimat ve Meşrutiyet hareketleri, bu değişimlere ortam hazırlayan olayların başında gelir. Kemal ve Hicâzî, Tanzimat ve Meşrutiyet’in toplumlarında meydana getirdiği batılılaşma ve modernleşmenin etkisiyle önemli eserler kaleme almışlardır. Bu eserlerden biri Nâmık Kemal’in İntibah, Muhammed-i Hicâzî’nin de Perîçehr romanlarıdır. İki romanda da ahlakî açıdan toplumdaki bozulmalar ve kadın rolünde meydana gelen değişiklikler ele alınırken batının olumsuz tarafları da eleştirilmiştir. Kemal ve Hicâzî modernleşme sürecinde kadının toplum içinde değişen misyonunu Fransız edebiyatında görülen “femme fatale” diğer bir ifadeyle “ölümcül kadın” kavramının etkisiyle kaleme almışlardır. İki eserdeki ölümcül kadınlar Mâhpeyker ve Perîçehr’dir. Nâmık Kemal’in ve Muhammed-i Hicâzî’nin, bir süre Fransa’da kalıp oranın kültürel ve edebî ortamlarından feyz almaları bu kavramdan etkilenmelerinin sebebi olarak düşünülebilir fakat iki yazar da eserlerini kaleme alırlarken Türk-İran toplum yapısının değer yargılarını görmezden gelmemişlerdir. Çalışmamızda Tanzimat ve Meşrutiyet hareketinin ortaya çıkışı ve iki ayrı coğrafyada görülen modernleşme etkisinin edebiyata yansımaları üzerinde durulacaktır. Nâmık Kemal ve Muhammed-i Hicâzî’nin üslûbu ve edebî kişiliklerinden bahsedildikten sonra eserlerin konusu hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak için özetleri verilecektir. İki eserdeki kadın karakterlerden Mâhpeyker ve Perîçehr “femme fatale” kavramına göre incelenecektir.
Manual sobre herramientas tecnológicas para la actividad física y el deporte
Authors: Valero Inerarity Alejandro , Hernández Garay Arays , Perea Rodríguez Ricardo Leonardo , Caviativa Castro Yaneth Patricia , Valencia Rivero Karen Tatiana , Cruz Quiroga Luis Fernando , Murcia Doncel Monica Paola , Álvarez Salazar Carlos Enrique , Suárez Méndez Alba Francy
Published: August 2024

Las herramientas tecnológicas han transformado la práctica de la actividad física y deportiva al permitir el monitoreo, recopilación de datos y conexión entre dispositivos. Esto mejora el rendimiento humano al proporcionar información valiosa para ajustar programas de entrenamiento y motivar a los deportistas a superar sus límites. La tecnología facilita la adquisición de grandes volúmenes de datos, lo que beneficia a los deportistas al mejorar sus destrezas y eficiencia física. Un manual educativo proporciona una amplia gama de temas con ejemplos prácticos para comprender mejor las tecnologías utilizadas en el deporte y la actividad física. Accesibilidad y comprensión son clave para que profesores y estudiantes puedan aprovechar este recurso didáctico en sus estudios e investigaciones. El manual no solo ofrece información sobre las tecnologías aplicadas en el deporte y la actividad física, sino que también sirve como guía para aquellos interesados en desarrollar proyectos independientes o respaldar investigaciones doctorales en este campo. Proporciona orientación para emplear herramientas tecnológicas con el fin de mejorar habilidades de investigación y desempeño en actividades físicas y deportivas. Este recurso es valioso para cualquier persona que desee ampliar sus conocimientos en esta área, ya sea un estudiante, un profesor o un investigador.
Bridging linguistics and high school students: the example of Noorlingvistide keeleklubi in Estonia
Authors: Korkus Mari-Liis
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the nuances of popularizing linguistics among teenagers by sharing the successes and setbacks encountered in Noorlingvistide keeleklubi – an Estonian-based monthly event series where high school students learn about language science. Initially conceived as a pilot project, from March to December 2023, the language club held six meetings, each centering on a specific linguistics topic. Throughout the meetings, students gave feedback for improving both the content and organization of the meetings. Sixty-four students with varying prior linguistics knowledge participated, with their feedback indicating an increased interest in the field because of the initiative.
On an Oberbeck-Boussinesq model relating to the motion of a viscous fluid subject to heating
Authors: Iannelli Angela
Published: August 2024

This article surveys some results in the study of Iannelli [Su un modello di Oberbeck-Boussinesq relativo al moto di un fluido viscoso soggetto a riscaldamento, Fisica Matematica, Istituto Lombardo (rend. Sc.) A 121 (1987), 145–191], in which the motion of a viscous, compressible fluid in a two-dimensional domain, subject to heating at the walls, is studied. A global existence and uniqueness theorem for the time-dependent problem is given, and also, under more stringent assumptions, an existence and uniqueness theorem in the stationary case is given. A theorem on the asymptotic behavior for

t
→
∞

t\to \infty

of the time-dependent solutions is proved.
The Distinction between Chance and Fortune. Arist.
Phys
. II.6
Authors: Masi Francesca
Published: August 2024

With regard to Aristotle’s discussion of chance and fortune in Phys. II.5–6, interpreters maintain that, after having provided a specific definition of fortune, applicable to intentional chance processes, in ch. 5, Aristotle is, in ch. 6, seeking to identify a specific meaning of αὐτόματον, which exclusively applies to strictly natural chance processes. When understood in such terms, however, ch. 6 turns out to be problematic, insofar as the examples Aristotle uses to illustrate αὐτόματον refer to mixed natural and intentional chance processes. To show that ch. 6 is internally consistent, I will argue that Aristotle’s goal simply is to emphasise the generic quality of the notion of αὐτόματον compared to that of τύχη and that the examples are chiefly geared towards this aim. I will also explain why such a treatment of chance is relevant within his critical analysis of Empedocles’ and Democritus’ theories of τύχη and αὐτόματον.
“MAIS COTIDIANO QUE O COTIDIANO”, DE ALBERTO PUCHEU, E A NOÇÃO DE CRISE NA POESIA CONTEMPORÂNEA BRASILEIRA
Authors: De Souza Dionei Jesus
Published: August 2024

Quando pensamos na poesia contemporânea brasileira, reportamo-nos aos critérios de pluralidade e mediania. Para Pedrosa (2008), a mediania engloba a não adesão a uma categoria de excepcionalidade e originalidade diante do poético, constituindo-se uma espécie de escrita do comum em detrimento da celebrização de uma dada obra; já a pluralidade se refere à multiplicidade de tendências com “um esvaziamento dos dispositivos tradicionais de legimitação do poético.” (Pedrosa, 2008 , p. 41). Muitos críticos aludem ao consenso de que a poesia atual está impregnada por uma noção de crise, tanto em termos formais (o que remeteria a uma crise do verso) quanto no que tange ao que Florencia Garramuño qualifica como inespecificidade estética. Essa última qualificação nos levaria à discussão das fronteiras entre o poético e o extrapoético. Dito isso, o presente artigo tem por propósito evidenciar o movimento de alguns poemas de Alberto Pucheu, extraídos da obra Mais cotidiano que o cotidiano (2013), em torno de algumas questões acerca de um gesto de escrita da poesia contemporânea.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Kinesiophobia, Foot and Ankle Function and Physical Activity of Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Seyhan Sinan , Açar Görkem , Yaşasın Yusuf , Üzümcü Berkay
Published: August 2024

Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are common in athletes and 40% lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI). CAI is characterised by recurrent sprains and limitation of motion. Our study investigated the relationship between kinesiophobia, foot-ankle function, and physical activity in athletes with chronic ankle instability. In our study, 112 individuals with CAI who have been doing regular sports for at least 5 years were included. Tampa kinesiophobia test, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Short Version) were administered to the included individuals via Google form. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 26.0 (SPSS inc, Chicago, IL, USA) was used. Pearson's test analysis was used in the study, and statistical significance was taken as p ≤ 0.05 for all measurements in two directions. 115 participants (75 males and 40 females) were included in the study. The participants were 20.43±3.921(years) years old, 176.14±9.288(cm) tall, and 67.88±11.571(kg) weight. In addition, the subjects' International Physical Activity Score (Short Version) showed that 34 were inactive, 54 were minimally active, and 27 were very active. There was a moderate negative correlation between the Tampa Kinesiophobia score and FAAM sport and DLA subscores (p<.001). Individuals with increased kinesiophobia scores had decreased Foot and Ankle Ability Measure scores. According to the studies, studies on foot and ankle range of motion, position perception, and balance in individuals with CAI may decrease kinesiophobia.
Stress Regimes and Stress Fields Analysis Using Fault-Slip Data; Eastern Iran
Authors: Ezati Maryam , Gholami Ebrahim , Mousavi Seyed M. , Ezati Mohsen
Published: August 2024

In this paper direction of stress tensors and stress ellipsoids shape in Neogene, Paleogene, and older units were investigated. Moreover, relationship between shape of stress ellipsoid and exhumation of igneous units were determined using analysis of stress tensors. Analysis of relationships between stress regime and uplifting indicate that in the areas we observed the uplifting of the igneous units the shape of stress ellipsoid has been displaced locally from prolate to oblate which is due to local change of stress regime. Hence, local variation of stress regime in the eastern part of Shekarab Mountains caused boarder outcrops of igneous units. In the western part of study area shape of stress ellipsoid is prolate and it's due to existing reverse fault with strike-slip component. Comparison shape of stress ellipsoid in Eocene units indicate that shape of stress ellipsoid in the western, middle and eastern Shekarab Mountains is prolate, and as local there is oblate stress ellipsoid shape in eastern part. Results of this research indicate that direction of major stress axis had clockwise rotation from Cretaceous times to the present.
Efectos y respuestas emergentes frente el derrame de petróleo (refinería La Pampilla 2022)
Authors: Cisneros Asca Jesús , Solari Pérez Karla , Llanos Flores Kevin , Ortega Muñoz Gesebel Janeth , Sairitupac Jara Alvin David , Toro Cordero Melanie Danay , Lozada Quevedo Naysha Stephanie , Medina Córdova Alejandra Rosa , Ventura Ajahuana Melissa Jessenia , Torres Espinoza Andrea Jazmín , Barrera Acosta Alessandra Desireé Johanna , García Tanta Ingrid Gala , Linares Olivera Mariana Rocío
Published: August 2024

El derrame de 11 900 barriles de petróleo en la refinería La Pampilla (Ventanilla, Callao) contaminó 98 sitios (playas, acantilados, puntas y otras formaciones costeras) causando una oleada de efectos. Surgiendo la problemática, ¿cuáles son los efectos y respuestas emergentes del derrame de petróleo en las condiciones de vida de los pescadores afectados? La metodología fue cualitativa con diseño fenomenológico-narrativo. Se utilizaron como técnicas de investigación (y recolección de información) la observación participante, entrevistas semi estructuradas, y la recopilación de noticias periodísticas. El muestreo fue no probabilístico, guiado por la observación (muestra intencional). Las entrevistas y observación se realizaron en Ancón (muelles) y Ventanilla bajo consentimiento informado. El análisis fue temático (mediante la codificación inductiva) de las entrevistas y observaciones en el software Nvivo. Fruto de los temas emergentes, se recopiló noticias periodísticas y literatura existente para triangular la información. Dentro de los resultados se identificaron tres efectos del derrame de petróleo en las condiciones de vida de los pescadores artesanales: i) contaminación del hábitat marino y recursos hidrobiológicos, ii) pérdida de trabajos o desempleo, iii) afectación a la salud. Por otro lado, se encontraron tres respuestas emergentes: i) fortalecimiento organizacional, ii) trabajos emergentes, y iii) redes de solidaridad. Se concluye que frente a los efectos surgen respuestas emergentes de carácter complejo, y en cierto grado contradictorios, insostenibles durante el tiempo y que no logran balancear la afectación multidimensional vigente. Por ello, urgen soluciones y propuestas a nivel institucional-político-legislativo (por parte del Estado peruano) y empresarial-económico (por parte del Grupo Repsol del Perú S.A.C) que sean sostenibles en el tiempo, eficaces y multidimensionales.