bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Water on Choline‐2‐Octenoic Ionic Liquid‐Facilitated Transdermal Transport
Authors: Nichols Isabel R. , Hamadani Christine M. , Chism Claylee M. , Hunter Alysha N. , Ahmad Humayun , Wontor Kendall , Williams Ashley E. , Vashisth Priyavrat , Hammer Nathan I. , Kundu Santanu , Tanner Eden E. L.
Published: November 2022

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been shown to be effective transdermal penetrants of pharmaceutically active ingredients, including small molecules and proteins. The presence of water within ionic liquids has been demonstrated to play a critical role in  their structural organization on the molecular level. However, the impact of water on IL transdermal transport efficacy has yet to be investigated. Herein, a water concentration gradient (0%–100% v/v) is tested to evaluate  choline trans‐2‐octenoic (CA2OE)‐mediated transport of a hydrophilic model drug dextran (10000 Da) in an ex vivo porcine skin model.Compared to 2:1, 1:1, 1:4, and 1:5 ionic ratio formulations, 50% v/v CA2OE 1:2‐water evidences the greatest success at transporting dextran to the acceptor fluid. Physicochemical characterization (dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical density (O.D.), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescent microscopy, and rheology) is conducted to test both bulk and nanoscale‐level CA2OE 1:2–water interactions. It is hypothesized that the presence of microemulsions in the CA2OE 1:2 75% v/v formulation accounted for the severely decreased transport compared to the 50%. It is thus critical to comprehensively consider interactions between IL components, co‐solvents, anddrug molecules when formulating ILs for transdermal transport applications.
A Fluorescent Sensor Array for the Discrimination of Nucleotide Phosphates
Authors: Sergeant Genevieve E. , Zwicker Vincent E. , Jolliffe Katrina A.
Published: November 2022

Chemosensors that can discriminate between nucleotide phosphates are difficult to prepare. Here we describe the use of a sensing array comprising metal complexes of bis(dipicolylamino)‐functionalised linear peptide based fluorescent sensors for the discrimination of nucleotide phosphates. We demonstrate that through the rational incorporation of additional sensor elements the discriminatory power of the array can be improved. An array incorporating two peptides in combination with four metal ions was able to successfully discriminate all triphosphates and diphosphates tested. When monophosphates were included in the analysis, 91 % of the analytes (blank, AMP, ADP, ATP, CMP, CDP, CTP, GMP, GDP, GTP, UMP, UDP and UTP) could be correctly classified, with all classification errors related to monophosphates.
Mineral saturated hydrocarbons and mineral aromatic hydrocarbons in tropical plant oils and their removal by molecular distillation
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Zhang Hai , Olajide Tosin Michael , Cao Wenming , Wang Yan , Zhang Hong , Jiang Yuanrong
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, tropical plant oils (e.g., palm oil and coconut oil) are extensively used in consumer products, especially in infant formulas. However, there is a lack of statistical data on the levels of mineral oil in these oils, including mineral saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH). In this study, we reported a survey of MOSH/MOAH in tropical oils, and in addition, we provided an effective strategy (i.e., molecular distillation) to reduce their contents. A total of 686 tropical plant oils were collected from five tropical countries for this survey. The highest quantifiable MOSH and MOAH concentrations were up to 456.0 and 78.9 mg kg−1, respectively. Interestingly, MOSH was ubiquitous in almost all the tested samples. The distribution of sub‐fractions for MOSH centered at C25–C35 and C35–C40 in most crude and refined oils. After distillation, the MOH sub‐fraction ≤40 was effectively removed, but >40 was unaltered.
Influence of Skydrol immersion at elevated temperatures on the thermo‐mechanical properties of a high‐Tg anhydride epoxy resin toughened with a hydroxy‐terminated polyester
Authors: Hübsch Jan David , Demleitner Martin , Bard Simon , Berendes Philipp , Altstädt Volker , Mittelstedt Christian
Published: November 2022

Currently, the application of composites in aerospace parts exposed to higher temperatures and in aggressive media is still severely limited. To replace metal alloys, alternative resins systems with suitable long‐term heat resistance are needed. In this study, the effect of the aviation hydraulic fluid Skydrol on the thermal and mechanical properties of a high‐Tg, anhydride‐cured epoxy resin in the unmodified and toughened state at elevated temperature is investigated. An aliphatic polyester diol was selected as an intrinsic toughener and its impact on the thermal, mechanical, and aging properties was determined. Experimental characterization of the aging effects is carried out with dynamic‐mechanical characterization, infrared spectroscopy, and electron dispersion x‐ray spectroscopy. In addition, the fracture toughness and the fatigue crack propagation behavior are determined. Initially, the toughened system shows an improved fracture toughness. Since oxidation is blocked by the Skydrol fluid only thermal degradation takes place as determined by the decrease in glass transition temperature Tg and network density. The thermal degradation leads to a tougher behavior, which is observed in both systems in static and dynamic mode with toughness decreasing with aging time again.
The influence of several nutritional supplements on the rational use of cabozantinib
Authors: Duan Xinyue , Wang Dongjing , Liu Yu , Wang Lei , Wang Xiao , Liu Bin
Published: November 2022

To promote the rational use of cabozantinib (CBZ), this paper studied the influence of several nutritional supplements on the interaction between CBZ and bovine serum albumin (BSA), an appropriate alternative model for human serum albumin (HSA) that is one of the important transporter proteins in plasma, by fluorescence spectroscopy and UV–vis spectroscopy. The results showed that CBZ could quench the fluorescence of BSA via a dynamic–static quenching process, and the six nutritional supplements did not change the quenching mode of BSA by CBZ. However, all of them could reduce the binding constant of the CBZ–BSA system at 293 K and increase the polarity around tryptophan residues. Among them, nicotinamide and vitamin B12 (VB12) had a greater effect on the binding constants of the CBZ–BSA system. In the meantime, the thermodynamic parameters of the CBZ–BSA system were examined, indicating that the interaction of CBZ with BSA was spontaneous and dominated by hydrophobic forces. Further research discovered that the combining of CBZ with BSA was primarily located within Site I of BSA, and the binding distance r was 2.48 nm. Consequently, while taking CBZ, patients should use VB12 and nicotinamide carefully, which may interfere with the transport of drugs.
Translational aspect in peptide drug discovery and development: An emerging therapeutic candidate
Authors: Anand Uttpal , Bandyopadhyay Anustup , Jha Niraj Kumar , Pérez de la Lastra José M. , Dey Abhijit
Published: November 2022

In the last two decades, protein–protein interactions (PPIs) have been used as the main target for drug development. However, with larger or superficial binding sites, it has been extremely difficult to disrupt PPIs with small molecules. On the other hand, intracellular PPIs cannot be targeted by antibodies that cannot penetrate the cell membrane. Peptides that have a combination of conformational rigidity and flexibility can be used to target difficult binding interfaces with appropriate binding affinity and specificity. Since the introduction of insulin nearly a century ago, more than 80 peptide drugs have been approved to treat a variety of diseases. These include deadly diseases such as cancer and human immunodeficiency virus infection. It is also useful against diabetes, chronic pain, and osteoporosis. Today, more research is being done on these drugs as lessons learned from earlier approaches, which are still valid today, complement newer approaches such as peptide display libraries. At the same time, integrated genomics and peptide display libraries are new strategies that open new avenues for peptide drug discovery. The purpose of this review is to examine the problems in elucidating the peptide‐protein recognition mechanism. This is important to develop peptide‐based interventions that interfere with endogenous protein interactions. New approaches are being developed to improve the binding affinity and specificity of existing approaches and to develop peptide agents as potentially useful drugs. We also highlight the key challenges that must be overcome in peptide drug development to realize their potential and provide an overview of recent trends in peptide drug development. In addition, we take an in‐depth look at early efforts in human hormone discovery, smart medicinal chemistry and design, natural peptide drugs, and breakthrough advances in molecular biology and peptide chemistry.
Synthesis of 1‐Aminoisoquinolines and Their Application in a Host‐Guest Doped Strategy To Construct Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Materials for Bioimaging
Authors: Chen Lepeng , Xiong Wenzhang , Ma Yaogeng , Ge Jing‐Yuan , Lv Ningning , Wu Xuan , Chen Jiuxi , Chen Zhongyan
Published: November 2022

Organic ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have attracted great attention for their wide applications in optoelectronic devices and bioimaging. However, the development of these materials remains a challenging task, partially due to the lack of rational molecular design strategies and unclear luminescence mechanisms. Herein, we present a method for facile access to structurally diverse substituted 1‐aminoisoquinoline derivatives through a copper‐catalyzed one‐pot three‐component coupling reaction that provides a promising approach to rapidly assemble a library of 1‐aminoisoquinolines for exploring the regularity of the host‐guest doped system. A series of host‐guest RTP materials with wide‐ranging lifetimes from 4.4 to 299.3 ms were constructed by doping various substituted isoquinolines derivatives into benzophenone (BP). Furthermore, 4 r/BP nanoparticles could be used for in‐vivo imaging with a signal‐to‐noise ratio value as high as 32, revealing the potential of the isoquinoline framework for the construction of high‐performance RTP materials.
Construction and validation of an aging‐related gene signature for prognosis prediction of patients with breast cancer
Authors: Li Jian , Qi Chunling , Li Qing , Liu Fei
Published: November 2022

Background

Breast cancer (BC) is an aging‐related disease. Aging‐related genes (ARGs) participate in the initiation and development of lung and colon cancer, but the prognosis signature of ARGs in BC has not been clearly studied.

Aims

This study aimed to construct an ARGs signature to predict the prognosis of patients with breast cancer.

Method

Firstly, the expression data of ARGs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were collected. Then COX and least absolulute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) were performed to construct the ARGs prognostic signature. The correlation between the signature and immune cell infiltration, immunotherapeutic response and drug sensitivity were subsequently analysed. The TCGA nomogram was constructed by combining the signature with other clinical features, and was validated by using GEO database.

Results

After LASSO and COX regression analyses, a prognostic signature based on nine ARGs, namely, HSP90AA1, NFKB2, PLAU, PTK2, RECQL4, CLU, JAK2, MAP3K5, and S100B, was built by using the TCGA dataset. Moreover, this risk signature is closely related to immune cell infiltration, immunotherapeutic response, and responses to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Subsequently, The calibration curve demonstrates that the nomogram agrees well with practical prediction results. The receiver operating characteristic curve and decision‐making curve analysis demonstrate that ARG signature has the better prognosis diagnosis ability and clinical net benefits.

Conclusions

Therefore, the proposed ARG prognosis signature is a new prognosis molecular marker of patients with BC, and it can provide good references to individual clinical therapy.
Induction of Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Beagle Dogs Using Alloxan and Streptozotocin
Authors: Araujo Joseph , Paradis Andrea , Mendes Jessica , Petrik Shawn , de Rivera Christina
Published: November 2022

This article describes a protocol for chemically inducing type I diabetes mellitus in beagle dogs using a mixture of alloxan (ALX) and streptozotocin (STZ). ALX and STZ are both cytotoxic, diabetogenic agents that cause necrosis of pancreatic β‐cells and therefore halt the production of insulin. Although both compounds are widely used in experimental animal models of diabetes, standard protocols employing a single high dose of either agent are also implicated in adjacent organ damage. In contrast, combined administration of ALX and STZ allows for the use of lower doses, a method that effectively destroys β‐cells and circumvents unwanted adverse effects. The procedures described in this protocol produce persistent, insulin‐dependent hyperglycemia in beagle dogs using combined doses of ALX and STZ lower than those previously described for a single intravenous administration. This model can be used to test experimental compounds indicated for the treatment of diabetes. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Induction of type I diabetes mellitus in beagle dogs using alloxan and streptozotocin
Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma of the maxilla and mandible: A systematic review of published case reports
Authors: R. Chandini , R. Saranya , Mohideen Khadijah , Balasubramaniam Murali , Ghosh Snehashish , Dhungel Safal
Published: November 2022

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate recent evidence‐based data that summarize the clinicopathological findings and treatment along with follow‐up measures taken in terms of published cases of Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (JPOF) of the maxilla and mandible by a systematic review.

Materials and Methods

The databases searched were PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google scholar, and Cross references. Only those case reports of JPOFs published in the English language from 2000 to 2022 were considered. All cases included confirmed JPOF lesions histopathologically. The SR‐included details like clinical and radiographic data, follow‐up details such as recurrence, and the presence of any adverse outcome.

Results

The database search produced 595 articles from 2000 to 2022, among which 22 case reports were included in the systematic review. The mean age of JPOF occurrence in patients was 18 ± 16 years. A male predilection was noted among patients younger than 14 years of age, whereas a female predilection was noted in patients older than 14 years of age. Frequent involvement of the mandible (56%) compared to the maxilla (44%) was reported. The posterior mandible was the most commonly affected site involving numerous adjacent structures. The expansile nature of the JPOF displayed 57% buccolingual expansion, 50% downward displacement or erosion of the lower border of the mandible and 81% of  involvement of the maxillary antrum/pterygoid plate/orbital floor. Among the 20 cases reported, the treatment provided included surgical excision in 45% of the patients, jaw resection in 35% of the patients, and enucleation and curettage in 18% of the patients. Follow‐up details were provided in 80% of the reports that showed recurrence.

Conclusions

The diagnosis of JPOF requires correlation of the clinical and radiographic features with key histopathological features. Although long‐term follow‐up of the case reports has been reported, the data lack information about the long‐term outcomes of JPOF.
Design and implementation of pixel‐based adjustable ESD protection circuits for capacitive fingerprint biometric sensors
Authors: Lin Wei‐Cheng , Hsieh Chun‐Ting , Chang Ming‐Chiu
Published: November 2022

The trade‐off design between ESD endurability and polymer thickness on sensor plate for capacitive fingerprint is emerging in these years since the image quality of fingerprint is vital for biometrics authentication. In this paper, we propose a pixel‐based ESD protection circuitry in parallel to GDPMOS and GGNMOS and an adjustable body terminal in proposed pixel‐based ESD circuit to meet and exceed air discharge ±15 kV without thicker polymer. With the proposed pixel‐based adjustable ESD protection circuit, the maximum air discharge achieved by (18 kV, −17 kV), and 10 out of 10 samples passed +15 kV, and 10 out of 10 samples passed −15 kV. Compared to conventional ground wall fingerprint sensor, the maximum air discharge was stopped by (15 kV, −15 kV), and just merely five out 10 samples passed 15 kV, seven out of 10 samples passed −15 kV. Besides the excellent ESD endurability, the proposed pixel‐based ESD protection circuit achieves air‐discharge 15.5 kV and grayscale count 230 at merely 50 μm thickness of polymer. Compared to the conventionally used ground wall sensor types, it passes only 13 kV and a grayscale count of 210 at a polymer thickness of 50 μm, but fails 15 KV Level 4 of IEC‐61000‐4‐2. Even with polymer thickness increased to 250 μm, ground wall sensor types barely passed 15 kV, and the grayscale count dropped to 120, which is far from PIV image standard.
Child emotion inhibition mediates the effect of parent's adaptive cognitive emotion regulation on child frontal EEG asymmetry during reappraisal
Authors: Meza‐Cervera Tatiana , Tucker Alexandra , Liu Ran , Bell Martha Ann
Published: November 2022

Cognitive reappraisal is considered an adaptive emotion regulation strategy, but little is known regarding children's ability to effectively implement cognitive reappraisal. Some research indicates that parenting contributes to child cognitive reappraisal ability, with parent's own adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies playing a role. Minimal research attempts to examine how child and parenting factors work together to affect child cognitive reappraisal. We examined this association through mediation analyses to determine whether child emotion coping and emotion inhibition would mediate the relation between parent's adaptive cognitive emotion regulation and children's cognitive reappraisal implementation. Children were instructed to implement cognitive reappraisal during a sad film, while electroencephalogram (EEG) was collected. Left frontal EEG asymmetry was conceptualized as effective cognitive reappraisal implementation. Our model supported full mediation for child emotion inhibition. Parent's adaptive cognitive emotion regulation was positively associated with children's emotion inhibition, which was then positively linked to children's left frontal EEG asymmetry during cognitive reappraisal. The model with child emotion coping as a mediator was not supported. Our findings highlight the importance of examining multiple pathways that may impact children's adaptive cognitive reappraisal ability.
Identifying priority reserves favors the sustainable development of wild ungulates and the construction of Sanjiangyuan National Park
Authors: Jiang Feng , Zhang Jingjie , Song Pengfei , Qin Wen , Wang Haijing , Cai Zhenyuan , Gao Hongmei , Liu Daoxin , Li Bin , Zhang Tongzuo
Published: November 2022

Sanjiangyuan National Park (SNP), the first national park in China, is one of the most important biodiversity conservation areas in the Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve (SNNR) and even the world. The threatened ungulates play an irreplaceable role in maintaining the ecosystem diversity and stability in SNNR. Here, based on 1434 occurrence records of six ungulates, the maximum entropy model, with two different strategies, was utilized to determine the priority reserves. The results indicated that the priority reserves in SNNR was mainly located in and around SNP, which were mainly distributed in the middle east, middle west, and southwest of SNNR. Six ungulates shared preference for altitude ranging 4000–5000 m, the average annual temperature below −3.0°C, and average annual precipitation ranging 200–400 mm on meadow, steppe, and unused land. The proportion of high and medium suitable areas for ungulates in SNP was higher than that in SNNR. As the SNP is not contiguously spaced in space, and some core wildlife habitats are not included, it is suggested to optimize the functional areas and adjust the boundary range on the basis of the pilot scope of SNP, so as to enhance the integrity and connectivity of each functional area.
Direct Boronic Acid Promoted Amidation of Carboxylic Acids with Poorly Nucleophilic Amines
Authors: Zhou Jingning , Paladino Marco , Hall Dennis G.
Published: November 2022

Direct amidation of carboxylic acids with poorly nucleophilic amines such as anilines is a notorious challenge in organic chemistry. Previously reported methodologies for direct amidation tend to report none or just a few examples with simple anilines, which generally react at temperatures over 100 °C. To address this challenge and develop a mild and direct dehydrative anilide synthesis, herein a series of novel boronic acids with a biphenyl scaffold were prepared based on a design concept of bifunctional activation. The optimal thioether‐substituted biphenylboronic acid, 1e, exhibits good reactivity in promoting the amidation reaction of various anilines at 85 °C in fluorobenzene, including halogenated anilines, electron‐rich and electron‐deficient anilines, and the heterocyclic 6‐aminoquinoline. Variations of the aliphatic carboxylic acid are possible, affording the corresponding anilides in good yields. The efficiency and recyclability of boronic acid 1e were demonstrated on a gram‐scale amidation reaction.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Bidentate N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Phosphinidene Supported Si(IV) Dicationic Complexes
Authors: Baierl Ramona , Kostenko Arseni , Hanusch Franziska , Beck Alexander D. , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: November 2022

Herein, we report the synthesis and isolation of Si(IV) dications stabilized by a bidentate N‐heterocyclic carbene‐phosphinidene (NHCP). Treatment of the bis(NHCP) with Si(IV) bis(triflate) R2Si(OTf)2 (with R=H, Ph) resulted in the instant formation of Si(IV) dicationic complexes [2 a] and [2 b] featuring a tetracoordinated silicon centre. The dications show expected high Lewis acidity. The bis(NHCP)‐stabilized parent silyl dication 2a (SiH22+) presents the first isolable example of a parent SiH2 dication. In addition, dication [2 a] is able to react with diphenylketene by insertion into the Si−P bond.
Political distrust, perceived threat, and intentions to engage in normative and violent collective action: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Gulliver Robyn , Chan Christian S. , Tam Katy Y. Y. , Lau Iris S. K. , Hong Ying Yi , Louis Winnifred R.
Published: November 2022

In three studies, we examined the role of distrust and perceived threat in intentions to engage in normative and violent non‐normative collective action. A field‐based qualitative study of 35 pro‐democracy protestors during the 2019 Hong Kong Anti‐Extradition protests revealed that perceived threat to Hong Kong values alongside distrust of political institutions spurred collective action engagement and support for defensive violent collection action. In Study 2, a questionnaire (N = 639) testing pro‐democracy action intentions demonstrated direct paths on both normative and violent collective action intentions from distrust and threat. In Study 3 (N = 133), experimental trust and threat manipulations demonstrated a significant association between distrust and threat on violent collective action intentions and acceptance, and a significant interaction on acceptance of violent collective action. Our results reveal the importance of distrust and threat in attitudinal support for, and engagement in, collective action and their role in transitioning from non‐violent to violent collective action.
Zangalou Manto‐type deposit in the Sabzevar zone, northeast Iran: Evidence of mineralogy, geochemistry,U–Pbdating, fluid inclusion, and stable isotopes
Authors: Ghelichkhani Mehdi , Malekzadeh Shafaroudi Azadeh , Karimpour Mohammad Hassan , Homam Seyed Masoud
Published: November 2022

The Zangalou Cu deposit lies in the Sabzevar volcanic‐plutonic zone, northeastern Iran. The deposit is hosted by the middle Eocene volcanic‐sedimentary sequences and it has been affected by propylitic, carbonate, sericitic, and minor argillic alterations. The volcanics have features typical of calc‐alkaline and metaluminous magmas and are plotted in the continental volcanic arc region. Zircon U–Pb dating of the andesite porphyry yield ages of 41.2 and 38.4 Ma (Bartonian). Ore mineralization occurs as stratabound with open‐space filling, dissemination, veinlet, and replacement textures in mineralized conglomerate, andesite porphyry, and trachyandesite host rocks. Cu content in Zangalou deposit vary from 1,234 g/t to 6.24% which mostly occurred as chalcocite mineral. Fluid inclusion data of mineralization‐related calcites indicate medium salinities (12.8–16.6 wt.% NaCl equivalents) and a wide range of temperatures (154–295°C) and show evidence of fluid cooling trend during the ore formation. The δ13C (between 19.3 and −2.8‰) and δ18OSMOW(between 24.8 and 25.34‰) values of ore‐related calcites suggests a contribution of sedimentary organic matter and marine carbonates as the source of carbon in the ore‐forming fluid. High positive δ34S values (27.8–33.47‰) suggest that the source of sulphur is related to sedimentary country rocks. Mineralization is lithologically and structurally controlled and it is epigenetic. According to geological, petrological, alteration, mineralization textures and geometry of deposit, fluid inclusion, and isotopic studies, the Zangalou deposit is similar to manto‐type deposits.
Spatio‐temporal drought susceptibility assessment of Ken River Basin, Central India, and its evaluation through river's morphometry
Authors: Singh Prinsi , Kannaujiya Ajeet Kumar , Deep Akash , Singh Saurabh , Mohanty Tanuja , Prakash Kuldeep
Published: November 2022

Regular monitoring of drought events, watershed characterization, management, and development efforts is crucial for future disaster predictions and mitigation strategies. The drought susceptibility investigation has been carried out in the Ken River Basin of Bundelkhand region, one of the most drought‐prone areas in India. Proxies used in the present study are long‐term climatological data (rainfall, standardized precipitation index, and aridity index), satellite data (slope, drainage density [DD], distance to river, and normalized difference vegetation index), lithology, lineament density, and groundwater depth. By the analytical hierarchy process, weightage of each factor is assigned according to its importance. Study shows that nearly 48% of the area of the basin experiences moderate to severe drought conditions. In the last five decades, there have been 22 years of extreme drought, with the most extended period being 1972–1974 and the driest year being 2006–2007. Sensitivity analysis reveals that lithology, slope, and DD are the most significant parameters in the susceptibility analysis. Model validation through an artificial neural network demonstrates the model's high accuracy (0.9) and sensitivity with minor errors. An integrated study of drought susceptibility and morphometry is useful for identifying the drought risk hotspots in the basin. The investigation will be helpful in river basin management and disaster management strategies.
Digitalization of cross‐border R&D alliances: Configurational insights and cognitive digitalization biases
Authors: Bouncken Ricarda B. , Fredrich Viktor , Sinkovics Noemi , Sinkovics Rudolf R.
Published: November 2022

Research Summary

Firms implement digital technology for improving coordination and communication in cross‐border R&D alliances. However, there is great ambivalence regarding how digitalization influences cross‐border knowledge transfers. Our analysis clarifies some of this ambivalence by providing different configurations of absorptive capacity in cross‐border R&D alliances. The fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) reveals only low absorptive capacity achievement in most configurations of digital technology implementation. The findings indicate effects of cognitive digitalization biases, under which firms take the benefits of digital technology for granted while ignoring deep‐level challenges rooted in the contextuality of international ties. However, high absorptive capacity is achievable when (1) allying with bigger and younger partners, (2) under technological similarity, and (3) coping with the associated digitalization biases.

Managerial Summary

Firms are eager to grasp the potential of digital technology. Within R&D alliances, digital technology is deemed to facilitate better coordination and communication. However, advantages from digital transformation are not always realized, as firms may overestimate the ease and usability of the underpinning technologies. We find that learning and understanding of partner knowledge is improved when R&D partnerships are forged between bigger and smaller partners, when partners feature technological similarities and both parties are similarly minded regarding technologies and do not take technology advantages for granted.
Development and validation of nonattendance predictive models for scheduled adult outpatient appointments in different medical specialties
Authors: Giunta Diego Hernán , Huespe Ivan Alfredo , Alonso Serena Marina , Luna Daniel , Gonzalez Bernaldo de Quirós Fernan
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Nonattendance is a critical problem that affects health care worldwide. Our aim was to build and validate predictive models of nonattendance in all outpatients appointments, general practitioners, and clinical and surgical specialties.

Methods

A cohort study of adult patients, who had scheduled outpatient appointments for General Practitioners, Clinical and Surgical specialties, was conducted between January 2015 and December 2016, at the Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires. We evaluated potential predictors grouped in baseline patient characteristics, characteristics of the appointment scheduling process, patient history, characteristics of the appointment, and comorbidities. Patients were divided between those who attended their appointments, and those who did not. We generated predictive models for nonattendance for all appointments and the three subgroups.

Results

Of 2,526,549 appointments included, 703,449 were missed (27.8%). The predictive model for all appointments contains 30 variables, with an area under the ROC (AUROC) curve of 0.71, calibration‐in‐the‐large (CITL) of 0.046, and calibration slope of 1.03 in the validation cohort. For General Practitioners the model has 28 variables (AUROC of 0.72, CITL of 0.053, and calibration slope of 1.01). For clinical subspecialties, the model has 23 variables (AUROC of 0.71, CITL of 0.039, and calibration slope of 1), and for surgical specialties, the model has 22 variables (AUROC of 0.70, CITL of 0.023, and calibration slope of 1.01).

Conclusion

We build robust predictive models of nonattendance with adequate precision and calibration for each of the subgroups.
The impact of reflex‐based recreational activities and preclinical training on psychomotor skills in an educational dental environment
Authors: Sadeghi Helia S. , Alsaffarini Majd W. , Almahmeed Noor W. , Foaud Rafiq M. , Kilidar Rayaheen R. , Eldessouky Sara K. , Al‐Rawi Natheer H.
Published: November 2022

Background

Participating in recreational activities from a young age may have the potential enhance psychomotor skills early on, and conversely, low levels of participation in these activities may predict slower development of preclinical hand skills.

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the eye‐hand coordination benefits of leisure and reflex‐based activities to those of typical instructional techniques among dental students.

Data sources

The databases used were PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Scopus.

Study selection

Ten articles were selected from a total of 1135 articles found across three databases.

Data extraction

The articles were screened by four investigators through a series of steps in accordance to inclusion and exclusion criteria and rid of any duplicates.

Data synthesis

The majority of the 10 featured articles were conducted in the United States. All of the research included was cohort observational studies. This systematic review includes a total of 1975 participants from the publications selected for this purpose.

Results

Manual dexterity may be taught and improved by practice, and tests designed to measure it should be used primarily to pinpoint which students would benefit most from individualized, close supervision during their education.

Conclusion

Researchers found that reflex‐based activities helped students develop better hand‐eye coordination in a classroom setting. However, more precise dental‐related tests and questionnaires can always be developed through further study; doing so would yield a wealth of information that would be immensely useful to the dental sector.
External Hardware and Sensors, for ImprovedMRI
Authors: Madore Bruno , Hess Aaron T. , van Niekerk Adam M. J. , Hoinkiss Daniel C. , Hucker Patrick , Zaitsev Maxim , Afacan Onur , Günther Matthias
Published: November 2022

Complex engineered systems are often equipped with suites of sensors and ancillary devices that monitor their performance and maintenance needs. MRI scanners are no different in this regard. Some of the ancillary devices available to support MRI equipment, the ones of particular interest here, have the distinction of actually participating in the image acquisition process itself. Most commonly, such devices are used to monitor physiological motion or variations in the scanner's imaging fields, allowing the imaging and/or reconstruction process to adapt as imaging conditions change. “Classic” examples include electrocardiography (ECG) leads and respiratory bellows to monitor cardiac and respiratory motion, which have been standard equipment in scan rooms since the early days of MRI. Since then, many additional sensors and devices have been proposed to support MRI acquisitions. The main physical properties that they measure may be primarily “mechanical” (eg acceleration, speed, and torque), “acoustic” (sound and ultrasound), “optical” (light and infrared), or “electromagnetic” in nature. A review of these ancillary devices, as currently available in clinical and research settings, is presented here. In our opinion, these devices are not in competition with each other: as long as they provide useful and unique information, do not interfere with each other and are not prohibitively cumbersome to use, they might find their proper place in future suites of sensors. In time, MRI acquisitions will likely include a plurality of complementary signals. A little like the microbiome that provides genetic diversity to organisms, these devices can provide signal diversity to MRI acquisitions and enrich measurements. Machine‐learning (ML) algorithms are well suited at combining diverse input signals toward coherent outputs, and they could make use of all such information toward improved MRI capabilities.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Cardiac MRI Left Atrial Strain Associated With New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhang Min , Chen Wensu , Li Zhi , Wang Yiwen , Liu Dongchen , Duan Yang , Zhang Chaoqun , Wang Zhirong , Lu Yuan
Published: November 2022

Background

Left atrial (LA) strain is associated with structural remodeling of the LA. Whether there is an association between LA strain obtained by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) after ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is unclear.

Purpose

To investigate the relationship between LA strain and new‐onset AF after STEMI.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Three hundred and seventy‐nine STEMI patients were enrolled, of which 26 had new‐onset AF.

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T, balanced turbo field echo sequence.

Assessment

Patients were divided into w/o AF group and new‐onset AF group. Cardiac MRI images were analyzed using cardiovascular imaging software CVI 42 (Circle Cardiovascular Imaging, Canada). An automatic tracing algorithm was applied to obtain strain values. The reservoir strain, conduit strain, and booster strain were included in model 1, model 2, and model 3, respectively.

Statistical Tests

Student's t‐test, Mann–Whiney U test, and chi‐square test were performed. Variables with a P ≤ 0.05 were incorporated into the logistic regression analysis. Area under curve of receiver operating characteristic was used to assess the ability of LA strain to identify new‐onset AF. Bayesian information criterion, Akaike information criterion, and C‐index were used to make comparisons between three models. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Three models were used to assess LA strain identification ability for new‐onset AF. After including multiple factors, right coronary artery (RCA), LVEF, and reservoir strain were still risk factors for new‐onset AF in model 1. In model 2, age, RCA, LVEF, and conduit strain were still risk factors for new‐onset AF. In model 3, RCA, LVEF, LVEDVi, and booster strain were still risk factors for new‐onset AF. Model 2 has a stronger identification ability than others.

Data Conclusion

LA strain associated with new‐onset AF after STEMI. The model including conduit strain was the best‐fit one.

Level of Evidence

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
MRI Fat‐Saturated T2‐Weighted Radiomics Model for Identifying the Ki‐67 Index of Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Liyuan , Wang Ting , Jiang Zhiyuan , Li Qingqing , Wu Yinghua , Cai Zhen , Chen Xi
Published: November 2022

Background

Ki‐67 expression has been shown to be an important risk factor associated with prognosis in patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). Its assessment requires fine‐needle biopsy and its accuracy can be influenced by tumor heterogeneity.

Purpose

To develop and test an MRI‐based radiomics nomogram for identifying the Ki‐67 status of STSs.

Study type

Retrospective.

Population

A total of 149 patients at two independent institutions (training cohort [high Ki‐67/low ki‐67]: 102 [52/50], external validation cohort [high Ki‐67/low ki‐67]: 47 [28/19]) with STSs.

Field Strength/Sequence

Fat‐saturated T2‐weighted imaging (FS‐T2WI) with a fat‐suppressed fast spin/turbo spin echo sequence at 1.5 T or 3 T.

Assessment

After radiomics feature extraction, logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and k‐nearest neighbor (KNN) were used to construct radiomics models to distinguish between high and low Ki‐67 status. Clinical‐MRI characteristics included age, gender, location, size, margin, and MRI morphological features (size, margin, signal intensity, and peritumoral hyperintensity) were assessed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied for screening significant risk factors. Radiomics nomogram was constructed by radiomics signature and risk factors.

Statistical Tests

Model performances (discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness) were validated in the validation cohort. The nomogram was assessed using the Harrell index of concordance (C‐index), calibration curve analysis. The clinical utility of the model was assessed by decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

LR, RF, SVM, and KNN models represented AUCs of 0.789, 0.755, 0.726, and 0.701 in the validation cohort (P > 0.05). The nomogram had a C‐index of 0.895 (95% CI: 0.837–0.953) in the training cohort and 0.852 (95% CI: 0.796–0.957) in the validation cohort and it demonstrated good calibration and clinical utility (P = 0.972 for the training cohort and P = 0.727 for the validation cohort).

Data Conclusion

This MRI‐based radiomics nomogram developed showed good performance in identifying Ki‐67 expression status in STSs.

Level of Evidence

3.

Technical Efficacy Stage

2.
Waterless live transport degrades the flesh quality of Litopenaeus vannamei by disturbing neuroendocrine response: based on physiology and metabolomics
Authors: Xu Defeng , Sun Lijun , Qin Xiaoming
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Shrimp is one of the most popular marine foods consumed throughout the world and its freshness is a crucial indicator for consumers. However, the flesh quality degradation of shrimp during waterless live transport has been observed and the underlying mechanism remains unknown.

RESULTS

The present study aimed to clarify the biochemistry mechanisms of flesh degradation with integration of quality evaluation, metabolic profiling and histopathological analysis. The flesh quality indicators such as water holding capacity, protein and lipid contents, amino acid composition and myofiber components degraded with the prolongation of combined stress. In addition, the metabolites including gamma‐aminobutyric acid, Val‐Ala, Trh and derivatives of carnitine, phosphocholine and prostaglandin all reduced significantly under combined stress (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (https://www.genome.jp/kegg) analysis revealed the enrichment of neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction and estrogen signaling pathways, indicating the involvement of neuroendocrine in stress response. Moreover, architecture impairment in hepatopancreas tissue verified the accumulation of metabolic disturbance.

CONCLUSION

Taken together, the findings of the present study indicate that neuroendocrine system mediates the flesh degradation of L. vannamei during waterless transport by disturbing the biochemical metabolic pathways and inducing architecture impairment of myofibril components. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Differences in grain protein content and regional distribution of 706 rice accessions
Authors: Shi Shijie , Pan Keqiang , Zhang Gaoyu , Zhao Dan , Zhou Hui , Liu Juan , Cao Cougui , Jiang Yang
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Improving rice quality is one of the main goals of global rice breeding programs, and rice protein content is one of the most important factors affecting rice eating quality. The protein content of rice is mainly determined by genetic factors and also affected by environmental factors. However, the differences and regional distribution of protein content during the evolution of different rice varieties are still unclear.

RESULTS

The purpose of this study was to understand the differences in grain protein content of 706 rice accessions in different regions and different rice subtypes. The influencing factors of grain protein content differences were analyzed from the perspectives of genetic characteristics, environment, rice subtypes, and breeding process. The results showed that the grain protein content of indica rice in most countries and regions was higher than that of japonica rice. From the perspective of the rice breeding process, the protein content of modern varieties in japonica was lower than that of landrace varieties. In most countries, modern varieties of indica rice had higher protein content than landrace varieties did.

CONCLUSION

The environment and genetic characteristics caused the change in the protein content of rice. This study has improved our understanding of the differences in protein content of rice from different rice varieties. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
CircUCK2 regulates HECTD1‐mediated endothelial‐mesenchymal transition inhibition by interacting with FUS and protects the blood–brain barrier in ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhuang Jun‐Hong , Chen Huan‐Xiong , Gao Ning , Sun Rong‐Dao , Xiao Cheng‐Ye , Zeng De‐Hua , Yu Zheng‐Tao , Peng Jun , Xia Ying
Published: November 2022

Ischemic stroke (IS) has become a cerebrovascular disease of widespread concern. Overexpression of circUCK2 alleviates neuronal damage in IS. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms of circUCK2 are not fully understood. In this study, we found that circUCK2 and HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (HECTD1) were downregulated in IS models in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of circUCK2 or HECTD1 inhibited endothelial‐mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and protected the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion mice from damage. It was further discovered that circUCK2 regulated HECTD1 expressions by interacting with fused in sarcoma (FUS). Moreover, FUS overexpression partially restored the effect of circUCK2 on EndoMT, and overexpression of HECTD1 weakened the effect of FUS on EndoMT. Collectively, circUCK2 upregulates the expression of HECTD1 by combining with FUS and inhibits EndoMT to alleviate BBB damage in IS both in vivo and in vitro.
Role of protein phosphorylation in cell signaling, disease, and the intervention therapy
Authors: Pang Kun , Wang Wei , Qin Jia‐Xin , Shi Zhen‐Duo , Hao Lin , Ma Yu‐Yang , Xu Hao , Wu Zhuo‐Xun , Pan Deng , Chen Zhe‐Sheng , Han Cong‐Hui
Published: November 2022

Protein phosphorylation is an important post‐transcriptional modification involving an extremely wide range of intracellular signaling transduction pathways, making it an important therapeutic target for disease intervention. At present, numerous drugs targeting protein phosphorylation have been developed for the treatment of various diseases including malignant tumors, neurological diseases, infectious diseases, and immune diseases. In this review article, we analyzed 303 small‐molecule protein phosphorylation kinase inhibitors (PKIs) registered and participated in clinical research obtained in a database named Protein Kinase Inhibitor Database (PKIDB), including 68 drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States. Based on previous classifications of kinases, we divided these human protein phosphorylation kinases into eight groups and nearly 50 families, and delineated their main regulatory pathways, upstream and downstream targets. These groups include: protein kinase A, G, and C (AGC) and receptor guanylate cyclase (RGC) group, calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase (CaMK) group, CMGC [Cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), Mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Glycogen synthase kinases (GSKs), andCdc2‐like kinases (CLKs)] group, sterile (STE)‐MAPKs group, tyrosine kinases (TK) group, tyrosine kinase‐like (TKL) group, atypical group, and other groups. Different groups and families of inhibitors stimulate or inhibit others, forming an intricate molecular signaling regulatory network. This review takes newly developed new PKIs as breakthrough point, aiming to clarify the regulatory network and relationship of each pathway, as well as their roles in disease intervention, and provide a direction for future drug development.