bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization and Treatment Patterns of Disease-Modifying Therapy in Pediatric Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in the United States
Authors: Greenberg Benjamin , Kolodny Scott , Wang Mengru , Deshpande Chinmay
Published: June 2020

Background:

The current landscape and treatment patterns of disease-modifying therapy (DMT) use in pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are not yet well understood. This study examined DMT utilization and treatment patterns in pediatric patients newly diagnosed as having MS.

Methods:

Pediatric patients (<18 years old) with two MS diagnosis claims from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2016, were identified from the MarketScan Commercial Database. The index date was defined as the date of first MS diagnosis, and patients were followed up for 1 year post-index date. Outcomes evaluated included percentage of patients who initiated treatment after MS diagnosis, different DMTs initiated, treatment discontinuation, and switching treatment during follow-up.

Results:

Of 182,057 patients newly diagnosed as having MS, 288 pediatric patients (mean age, 14 years; 61% female) were identified. Within the first year of diagnosis, 188 patients (65.3%) did not receive any DMT. The most common first-initiated treatments were interferons and glatiramer acetate (83%), but 28% of patients switched or discontinued from first-initiated treatment within 6 months of treatment initiation.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that a considerable proportion of pediatric patients with MS remain untreated within 1 year of diagnosis. Patients most commonly initiated injectables as their first DMT. Overall, therapy failed early in approximately one in three patients. Thus, the study warrants urgency in treating these patients with currently approved treatment options.
SOCIJALNI KAPITAL I POLITIKA: OD GUBITKA POVJERENJA U INSTITUCIJE DO DRUŠTVA BLAGOSTANJA
Authors: Kovačević Biljana
Published: June 2020

Socijalni kapital je jedan od ključnih činilaca društvenog, ekonomskog, kao ipolitičkog razvoja društva. Društva/zajednice koje su bogate socijalnim kapitalom dobrosu organizovane i putem interesnih grupa ostvaruju interese ili profi t, a organizovane idobro umrežene zajednice smatraju se vrlo efi kasnim korektivnim faktorom vlasti. To dokazujeda u pozadini socijalne stabilnosti društva, njegovog ekonomskog prosperiteta,kao i političke efi kasnosti, kao jedan od značajnih faktora, stoji upravo socijalni kapital.On je ta nit koja, ukoliko se posmatra sa afi rmativne strane, gotovo sigurno vodi prosperitetudruštva. S druge strane, društva u kojima je socijalni kapital u defi citu, imaju znatnomanje razvojne šanse, i u značajnoj mjeri može negativno da utiče na funkcionalnostzajednice u cjelini. Tri glavne komponente socijalnog kapitala su povjerenje, mreže inorme. Kroz socijalno povjerenje može se mjeriti politička efi kasnost društva, a upravopolitička efi kasnost je uslov za visok nivo socijalnog povjerenja u zajednici. Savremenadruštva karakteriše sve veća atomizacija pojedinaca koja se odražava na nivo participacijegrađana u civilnim i političkim procesima, a sve se to odražava na nivo povjerenja uinstitucije. U ovom radu nastojimo utvrditi u kakvom su odnosu socijalni kapital i politika,odnosno utvrditi neke od ključnih uzroka gubitka povjerenja u institucije, potom seosvrnuti na značaj socijalne politike za socijalni kapital, u okviru javne politike društva,kao i na mjere koje jačaju društvo blagostanja.
ДУБРОВАЧКО ПИСМО КРАЉУ СТЕФАНУ ОСТОЈИ ПОВОДОМ ПРОБЛЕМА СА ЗИМОВАЊЕМ ВЛАХА НА ЊИХОВОЈ ТЕРИТОРИЈИ
Authors: Смиљанић Аранђел
Published: June 2020

Дубровчани су у писму краљу Остоји одговорили да његовивласи не могу више зимовати на оној земљи како су то чинили раније.Објаснили су му да је то сада њихова земља, коју су подијелили и дали својимвластелинима. Истицали су како по дубровачким законима не могу натјератисвоју властелу да било кога другог пусте да зимују на земљи над којом садаони имају власништво. Оставили су извјесну наду кроз могућност да неки одњихових властелина својом вољом то допусти. На крају су изразили наду да имкраљ Остоја због тога неће замјерити, јер би свака друга одлука била противнањиховим законима. Овом дубровачком писму претходило је краљево писмо,које није сачувано.
Motivisanost srednjoškolaca za školsko postignuće – razlike s obzirom na vrstu srednje škole i školski uspjeh
Authors: Muratović Lejla
Published: June 2020

U radu su prezentovani rezultati istraživanja koje imalo za cilj da ustanovi nivo motivisanosti srednjoškolaca za školsko postignuće s obzirom na vrstu  srednje škole  koju pohađaju i školski uspjeh koji ostvaruju. Uzorak istraživanja činili su učenici trideset odjeljenja iz tri tuzlanske škole. Od instrumenata korišten je Veliki inventar motivacije postignuća (VIMP), autora Nenada Suzića. Rezultati istraživanja nam govore da tuzlanski srednjoškolci pokazuju tendenciju ka visokom stepenu izraženosti motivacije školskog postignuća. Jednofaktorska univarijantna analiza varijanse (ANOVA) pokazala je da postoji statistički značajna razlika u odgovorima učenika s obzirom na vrstu srednje škole na generalnom skoru VIMP-ai određenim subtestovima. Preciznije rečeno, učenici zanatskih zanimanja ostvarili su znatno niže vrijednosti na generalnom skoru VIMP-a i subtestovima u odnosu na učenike Gimnzije i Srednje ekonomske škole.
Vaspitač kao faktor u izgradnji partnerstva porodice i predškolske ustanove
Authors: Rošić Fehim , Kapić Emina
Published: June 2020

Problem koji se istražio odnosi se na ispitivanje stavova vaspitača o saradnji i partnerstvu porodice i predškolske ustanove kao različitim konceptima. Istraživanjem se došlo do podataka i rezultata istraživanja o tome da li je zastupljeno partnerstvo između porodice i predškolske ustanove. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćen uzorak od 120 ispitanika. U sitraživanju su učestvovali ispitanici obje polne strukture, u starosnoj dobi od 22 do 60 godina. Kao instrument u istraživanju korištena je skala stavova petostepenog Likertovog tipa za mjerenje afirmativnosti stavova vaspitača prema partnerstvu u odnosu na saradnju između porodice i predškolske ustanove. Kvantitativna analiza empirijskog istraživanja pokazala je, za uzorak u cjelini, da se u populaciji vaspitača pouzdano može očekivati preferiranje partnerstva u odnosu na saradnju porodice i predškolske ustanove.
Motivacija učenika u nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja
Authors: Dobraš Radenko , Dragosavljević Proko , Bilak-Moconja Gorica , Tadić Goran
Published: June 2020

Savremeni način života i sve šta on sa sobom nosi (računari, video igre, prevozna sredstva) neminovno dovodi so smanjenja fizičke aktivnosti savrmenog čovjeka. Ovoga naravno nisu pošteđeni ni najmlađi, što predstavlja problem, ne samo u njihovom fizičkom, nego i psihičkom razvoju. Nastava fizičkog vaspitanja, koja je predviđena da se izvodi dva časa nedjeljno, zasigurno nije dovoljna da bi se nadoknadio nastali deficit. Zbog toga smo sve češće svjedoci neaktivnosti, ili čak izbjegavanja nastave od strane učenika. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrdi koliki drugačiji pristup nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja može da vrati nastavu učenicima, a time i učenike nastavi. Znajući koliko snažno motivacija utiče na ljudsko djelovanje, ideja autora je bila da motivacija učenika bude taj drugačiji pristup u nastavi. U tu svrhu je izrađen program motivacije učenika u nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja, po kojem su učenici eksperimentalne grupe radili tokom jednog polugodišta.
ПЕДАГОГИЈА ПРЕД ИЗАЗОВИМА ИНФОРМАЦИОНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЈА
Authors: Бранковић Драго
Published: June 2020

Педагогија се посљедњих деце-нија прошлог и првих овог вијека,нашла пред изазовима нових ин-формационих технологија. Ин-формационе технологије су пос-тепено захватиле све областиљудског живота и стварала-штва. Несумњив је њихов утицајна техничко-технолошки, научнии друштвени развој.Цивилизација у цјелини нашласе пред новим развојним токови-ма у којима информационе техно-логије и глобализација детерми-нишу свеопште промјене. Каопосљедица крупних промјена ибрзог развоја, друштвену збиљузахватила је свеопшта криза.Криза је, разумљиво, захватила иваспитање и образовање у свимњиховим појавним облицима и са-држајима. Бројни су изазови ин-формационих технологија на којејош увијек педагогија не успијеватеоријски осмислити нити емпи-ријски моделовати нове парадиг-ме и изведбене моделе. У фокусуинтересовања већег броја свјет-ских и наших савремених педагоганалазе се проблеми формирањаличног и националног идентите-та нових (дигиталних) генераци-ја, хуманизације и дехуманизацијеличности, као и образовања у усло-вима доминације информационихтехнологија и виртуелне стварно-сти.
ИНФОРМАЦИЈА О НАУЧНО-СТРУЧНОЈ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЈИ
Authors: Јоргић Драженко
Published: June 2020

У понедјељак 16. децембра2019. године од 11 часова у амфи-театру Филозофског факултетаУниверзитета у Бањој Луци одр-жана је научно-стручна конферен-ција под називом „ПЕДАГОГИЈА– ИНФОРМАЦИОНЕ ТЕХНОЛО-ГИЈЕ – ОБРАЗОВАЊЕ“. Поредеминентних предавача на овојконференцији је учешће узелопреко 100 учесника, углавном пе-дагога из Републике Српске.
БРАНТ И БРЕЖЊЕВ: ОД МОСКВЕ И КРИМА ДО БОНА
Authors: Бештић–Бронза Славојка
Published: June 2020

Рад анализира улогу њемачког канцелара Вилија Бранта у просецу детанта почетком 70-тих година 20. вијека, кроз реализацију «Источне политике», која је била усмјерена ка релаксацији односа са земљама «источног блока», првенствено Совјетским Савезом, ДР Њемачком и Пољском, како би се на тај начин побољшала међународна позиција СР Њемачке и умањила хладноратовска напетост. Поред политичких преговора и активности, рад ставља акценат и на личне односе које је Вили Брант изградио са совјетским лидером Леонидом Брежњевим, односно на значај међусобног повјерења двојице политичара које се одразило на успјешне резултате билатералних односа двију земаља, као и на цјелокупну свјетску политику. Рад је дијелом базиран на истраживањима у оквиру израде, непубликоване, магистарске тезе под називом Источна политика њемачког канцелара Вилија Бранта и Југославија 1969–1974.. уз прераду и допуну резултатима новијих истраживања и објављене грађе.
Monitoring of UN sustainable development goal SDG-9.1.1: study of Algerian “Belt and Road” expressways constructed by China
Authors: Jia Zhanhai , Wu Mingquan , Niu Zheng , Tang Bin , Mu Yuxuan
Published: June 2020

The proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road is an indicator of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9.1.1. This paper aims to calculate SDG indicator 9.1.1 in the proximity of five Algerian expressways. Three monitoring methods are proposed for different spatial regions based on the five expressways built by China’s Belt and Road Initiative Project. These methods are based on remote sensing and WorldPop and The High Resolution Settlement Layer (HRSL) population data. The results indicate that (1) the WorldPop population statistics show that the five expressways built by China’s Belt Project have increased the rural population of the 2 km buffer zone by 192,016 between the start of construction and eight years after its completion. By the end of 2019, the population increased by 329,291 accounting for 1.17% of the rural population. (2) Based on populations estimated form built-up index (NDBI) building areas, the rural populations within the 2 km buffer area of the Bejaia-Haniff Expressway in 2011, 2015, and 2019 were 273,118, 306,430, and 375,408, respectively. (3) HRSL population grid statistics indicate that, in 2015, the populations were: East-West Expressway = 911,549, Bejaia Expressway = 127,471, Tipaza Expressway = 71,411, North-South Expressway = 30,583, and Cherchell Ring Expressway = 41,657. (4) A visual interpretation method based on Google Earth imagery was used to count the number of buildings and number of building floors in the town of Tikhramtath. Based on the estimated population of each building and floor, the population of Tikhramtath town in 2011, 2015, 2017, and 2019 was estimated as 1,790, 2,785, 3,365, and 3,870, respectively. (5) Through analysis and accuracy assessment, the appropriate statistical methods for different regions were determined.
The linkages of plant, litter and soil C:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient stock in different secondary mixed forest types in the Qinling Mountains, China
Authors: Pang Yue , Tian Jing , Zhao Xuan , Chao Zhi , Wang Yuchao , Zhang Xinping , Wang Dexiang
Published: June 2020

Background

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometric ratios are important indicators of ecosystem function and productivity. However, few studies have assessed the nutrient relationship between plant, litter and soil, and the nutrient stock in different secondary mixed forest types.

Methods

We investigated the C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometric ratios in trees, understory plants, litter and soil layers in three different secondary mixed forest types (broadleaf mixed forests (BM), broadleaf-conifer mixed forests (BCM) and coniferous mixed forests (CM)) in the Qinling Mountains.

Results

The results showed that significant differences in C:N:P stoichiometry were detected in multiple organs in the vegetation layers in the different forest types. Trees, shrubs and herbs all allocated more N and P in leaves and had a higher N:P ratio in leaves than in other organs. The C concentrations, C:N ratios and C:P ratios of all tree organs showed a decreasing order: BM < BCM < CM, while the N and P concentrations showed an increasing order: BM > BCM > CM. For litter and soil, BM had generally higher N and P concentrations than those of BCM and CM. The highest N and P stock was in tree branches-not in the stem, which had the highest biomass (except for P in CM). Compared with other forest types, CM stored more nutrients in the labile litter layer, while BM stored more nutrients in the stable soil layer. The net ecosystem nutrient element stock in BM was generally higher than that in BCM and CM. The C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometry in the plant organs, litter and soil were significantly correlated.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that nutrient concentrations in plant organs, litter and soil are tightly linked in secondary mixed forests.
Association of carotid intima-media thickness with the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Ho Chun-Hsien , Tan Teng-Yeow , Hwang Chung-Feng , Lin Wei-Che , Wu Ching-Nung , Yang Chao-Hui
Published: June 2020

Cardiovascular factors are associated with the pathophysiological features and risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). However, little is known about the link between carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), SSNHL risk, and their respective treatment outcomes. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 47 SSNHL cases and 33 control subjects from a single medical center and compared their demographic data and clinical characteristics, including their carotid IMT and audiological data. Of the 80 enrolled subjects, the proportion of those with high carotid IMT was greater in the SSNHL group (53.2%) than in the control group (21.2%), with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.22 (95% confidence interval (CI) [1.53–11.61],P= 0.004). Notably, high carotid IMT was more common in female SSNHL patients than females in the control group (54.2% vs. 12.5%; OR, 8.27 (95% CI [1.53–44.62]),P= 0.008), particularly in female patients ≥50 years of age (75% vs. 25%; OR, 9.0 (95% CI [1.27–63.9]),P= 0.032). The multivariate regression analyses showed the association between high carotid IMT and SSNHL with an adjusted OR of 4.655 (95% CI [1.348–16.076],P= 0.015), particularly in female SSNHL patients (adjusted OR, 9.818 (95% CI [1.064–90.587],P= 0.044). The carotid IMT was not associated with the treatment outcomes of SSNHL. Our results indicate that early-stage atherosclerosis may be associated with SSNHL, particularly in female patients more than 50 years old.
Production and Quality Evaluation of Cookies from Wheat, Defatted Peanut and Avocado Composite Flour
Authors: Nwatum Irene Ayah , Ukeyima M. T. , Eke M. O.
Published: June 2020

In this study, carried out at Makurdi Nigeria, peanuts and avocado pulp were processed into flours and blended with refined wheat flour in proportions 100:0:0, 95:5:0, 90:5:5, 85:10:5, 80:10:10 and 75:15:10. The functional properties of the flour blends were determined. Cookies were made using the creaming method from these flour blends with one hundred per cent wheat flour serving as control. The physico-chemical and sensory properties of cookies from wheat/defatted peanut/avocado flour were determined using standard analytical methods. The functional properties of the flour blends increased with increasing substitution of wheat flour with defatted peanut flour and avocado flour. The enriched cookies were found to have higher protein, energy, vitamin and mineral content as compared to refined wheat cookies. The protein content increased from 15% in the control sample to 26.64% in the sample F which is the sample with the highest substitution of wheat flour. Magnesium content increased from 173.37 mg/100 g in the control sample to 221.36 mg/100 g in sample F. There was no significant difference in the dietary fibre content of the enriched cookies as compared to the control. Substitution with peanut flour and avocado flour did not alter the physical properties of the cookies. The sensory scores for all the cookies enriched with defatted peanuts flour and avocado flour were above average 4.5. Sample C, with 5% peanut flour and 5% avocado flour had the best sensory attributes among the supplemented cookies at 5% level of significance and compared favourably with the control cookies. Thus cookies made from wheat, defatted peanut and avocado composite flour at an optimal substitution level of 90;5;5 can be regarded as a suitable balanced meal.
Synthetic Strategies towards Therapeutically Relevant Tailored Macrocycles
Authors: Chaudhary Ashu , . Subhash , . Pinki
Published: June 2020

The normally used synthetic approaches toward macrocyclization join full scale lactonization, macrolactamization, transition metal catalysed cross coupling, ring-closing metathesis, and click reaction, among others. Picked continuous examples of macrocyclic synthesis of natural products and druglike macrocycles with noteworthy natural significance are highlighted in each class and outline the general engineered systems for the synthesis of macrocycles. The synthesis of macrocyclic compounds incorporating natural products with differing complexities by ring closing metathesis is depicted. Twelve to huge rings that have been orchestrated in moderate to great yields and the synthesis of larger rings as a part of bi-cyclic or poly-cyclic frameworks are likewise depicted in this review.
Analyzing Effect of Alternative Banking Channels on Financial Performance of Burundi Commercial Banks: Evidence from Kenya Commercial Bank in Burundi
Authors: Carlos Nkeshimana , Ronald Martin Onsiro
Published: June 2020

The study sought to assess the effect of channels of alternative banking on financial performance of Kenya Commercial Banks in Burundi. The specific objectives were: to examine the effect of mobile banking on financial performance of Kenya Commercial Bank, Burundi; to assess the effect of internet banking on financial performance of Kenya Commercial Bank, Burundi; to examine the effect of auto teller machines on financial performance of Kenya Commercial Bank, Burundi; and to assess the effect of agency banking on financial performance of Kenya Commercial Bank, Burundi. The study employed descriptive survey research design as well as correlation research designs. Based on information obtained from KCB, the target population for the study was 37 employees and 114 customers. The researcher used Slovin’s formula to define the sample population n = 60 (14 employees and 46 customers). A questionnaire was used for data collection. The data was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The results of the study showed that there was a strong relationship between the different banking distribution channels and the financial performance of KCB Bank. It also found that 14.1% of the total variance in financial performance of KCB Bank could be attributed to alternative banking channels. The remaining 85.9% of the variance in financial performance could be attributed to other determinants of financial performance that were not the focus of this study. ANOVA statistics revealed that the regression model was ideal since it had a significance level of 0.0%. The study also found that mobile banking, Automated Teller Machine, agencies and Internet banking affected the performance of commercial banks in a positive and statistically significant way. The study recommends that Burundian commercial bank sought to invest heavily in alternative banking as this will lead to an improvement in banks' financial performance. The study also recommended that KCB should examine the competitive environment and determine the means to achieve the goal of interoperability, and continue to make electronic banking products available, offering various types of bank cards adapted to the needs of each client.
The Formation of Implicit Second Order Backward Difference Adam’s Formulae for Solving Stiff Systems of First Order Initial Value Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: J. Sabo , T. Y. Kyagya , A. M. Ayinde
Published: June 2020

The formation of implicit second order backward difference Adam’s formulae for solving stiff systems of ODEs was study in this paper. We used interpolation and collocation in deriving backward differentiae Adam’s formulae. The basic properties of our method was analyzed, and it was found to be consistent, zero-stability and convergent, we further plotted the region of absolute stability and it was shown to be A-stable. Numerical evidences shows that the multistep method develop is very effective method for in handling linear ODEs either initial value problems or boundary value problems.
The First Seroprevalence Investigation of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus among Sahel Goat in Yobe State, Nigeria
Authors: Bukar Babagana Alhaji , El-Yuguda Abdul-Dahiru , Said Lawal
Published: June 2020

Peste des petits ruminants is among the most common viral disease conditions of small ruminants, whose status has not yet been reported in Yobe State, Nigeria. Thus, this study was aimed at determining the seroprevalence of this disease among Sahel goats in Yobe State, Nigeria, using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). Out of 460 serum samples collected, 255/460 (55.4%) were positive for PPR antibodies. Seroprevalence rates of 56.1%, 55.4% and 54.6% were recorded in Bursari, Bade and Nangere Local Government Areas (LGAs) respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) observed in the PPRV seroprevalence rates among the three LGAs. Sahel goats older than 18 months had a significantly higher (p<0.0001) Sero-prevalence of 65.2% compared to the 35.3% observed among younger ones (<18 months). The sex-wise distribution of the Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) seroprevalence rate showed that female Sahel goats had 60.0% and the males had 44.6%. The detection of the PPRV among Sahel goats from all the LGAs sampled suggests that PPRV is endemic in the study area. It is therefore recommended that PPR vaccination be instituted in the study areas.
Colour Preference by Mosquitoes in Water Board Station at Runjin Sambo Area, Sokoto
Authors: Bandiya H. M. , Yahaya M. A. , Shindi H. A. , Bello A. , Baki A. S.
Published: June 2020

Mosquitoes play an important role in promoting the spread of many zoonotic diseases among vertebrates. Their presence and numbers were influenced by the availability of breeding sites. This study reports the occurrence and colour preferences of oviposition in man-made habitats under field conditions by female mosquitoes found in the Water Board Station at Runjin Sambo Area, Sokoto. A total of nine plastic buckets (2 litres) of different colours were used as artificial oviposition container. The colour chosen was black, blue, brown, pink, purple, red, white, and yellow. The containers were filled with an equal amount of water and placed under a shade at 5 cm interval and observed daily for seven days. Mosquito larvae were emptied into a bowl and counted. The result showed that Aedes and Culex larvae were oviposited in all the plastic container with high abundance in a red colour plastic container (25.10 and 26.30% respectively) while Anopheles larvae were more in the black container (25.5%) and Mansoni on brown (23.10%). This suggested that container colour was important in influencing the oviposition choices of some female mosquitoes breeding in artificial containers in the Water Board Station at Runjin Sambo Area Sokoto. It is hoped that the study will help in adopting control measures for the respective mosquito species.
A Review on Performance of Rice De-stoning Machines
Authors: Adetola O. A. , Akindahunsi D. L.
Published: June 2020

The major challenge in Nigerian rice industry is poor processing which allows contaminants such as stone pebbles to be introduced during harvesting and post-harvest handling. Despite the several efforts of various researchers in Nigeria, no commercial rice de-stoning machine is available because the machines have not been optimized and tested for various machine parameters. This review showed the highlights, prospects, performance evaluations, and limitations of some rice de-stoning machines, de-stoning machine modified, and motorized rice de-stoning machine. Their unique advantages and operational parameters, for example, de-stoning efficiency, capacity, and operating speed were assessed. The de-stoning efficiency, capacity, and operating speed ranged from 40.8 - 99.75%, 1.8 – 7500 kg/h, and 200 – 2980 rpm respectively. Mechanization of the de-stoning process will ensure the quality and hygiene of products, thus increasing the commercial value of the final exported or consumed products.
An Attempt to Modify the Crop Coefficient Value of Wheat and Chickpea for Humid Subtropical Climate of Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Chandra Kishor , Sharma Gaurav , Gangwar Anshu
Published: June 2020

Crop water requirement is one of the essential components that should always be taken into account wherever water management strategies are adopted for effective utilization of water. In India agriculture is considered as the backbone of economy but nothing technical or advance technology has being adopted for its advancement and still major portion of agriculture are dependent on the verge of monsoon. Therefore crop coefficient (Kc) value for wheat and Chickpea as a function of relative humidity, wind speed and crop height has been formalized in this study for efficient use of available water. The empirical formula was applied for estimating Kc(mid) and Kc(end) values for humid subtropical climate of Varanasi. The corrected crop coefficient value of wheat for Kc(mid) was found to be 1.12 and for end season Kc(end) corrected was found to be 0.42. Mean maximum height of wheat crop in mid-season was obtained as 0.80 m and for the end season mean maximum height was found to be 0.99 m. The corrected crop coefficient value of Chickpea for midseason was found to be 0.98 whereas it was found out to be 0.38 at Kc(end). Mean maximum height of chickpea crop in mid-season was obtained as 0.39 m and for the end season of the crop mean maximum height was found to be 0.52 m. Crop coefficient curve for wheat crop was prepared in which X-axis represents time in days and Y- axis represents crop coefficient value for wheat. A third-order polynomial equation (y = -3E - 06x3 + 0.0005x2 - 0.0039x + 0.3702) has been obtained for wheat crop with correlation coefficient of 0.97. Similarly, graphical plot was constructed for chickpea crop and a third-order polynomial equation (y = -2E - 06x3 + 0.0002x2 - 0.0004x + 0.3732) has been obtained with correlation coefficient of 0.98. Furthermore, third-order polynomials were fitted well to predict the crop coefficient values as function of growing degree-days (GDD).
Proton translocation induced by ATPase activity in chloroplasts
Authors: Carmeli C.
Published: July 2002

Proton uptake by chloroplasts was induced by light‐triggered ATPase activity. A quotient of two was obtained when the initial rate of proton uptake was divided by the rate of Pi released from ATP. Gramicidin accelerated the rate of ATPase activity and reduced the H+/Pi ratio to 1.4. The results were found to be consistent with the chemiosmotic theory.
Optical rotatory dispersion properties of nucleic acid complexes with the oligopeptide antibiotics distamycin A and netropsin
Authors: Zimmer Ch. , Luck G.
Published: July 2002

ORD measurements of nucleic acids in the presence of the oligopeptides netropsin and distamycin A have indicated association of the antibiotics with DNA and strong conformational changes of the DNA structure with specificity to AT‐rich helical regions. The RNA conformation is relatively unaffected by these antibiotics. The results are explained in terms of a perturbation of the DNA secondary structure as well as of the chromophore system of the oligopeptides.
Formes multiples de la lysyl‐tARN‐ligase de levure et leurs sous‐unites
Authors: Dimitrijevic L.
Published: July 2002

When Yeast lysyl‐tRNA‐ligase is extracted in the presence of protease inhibitor (PMSF) a homogeneous species of enzyme is obtained, the subunits of which have a mass of 70 000 daltons. Endogenous degradation produces lighter active species of the enzyme, dimers with subunits in the range 50 000–60 000 daltons. Partial trypsinolysis mimics this degradation, which is therefore thought to occur through proteolysis.
Increase in the number of glucose carriers in chick fibroblasts during embryo development
Authors: Bernard B. , Codogno P. , Berjonneau C. , Aubrey M. , Bourrillon R.
Published: July 2002

Cytochalasin B (CB) has been used as a tool to ascertain whether the increase in the rate of 3‐O‐methylglucose (3‐O‐MeG) uptake between the 8th and the 16th day of development in chick embryo fibroblasts could be attributed to an increase in the number of hexose transport carriers. There was a 2—3‐fold difference in glucose‐specific CB binding between the 8‐ and the 16‐day cells, a difference which is comparable to the previously reported differences in rates of 3‐O‐MeG uptake. We therefore suggest that glucose‐specific CB binding represents binding to the 3‐O‐MeG carrier and that the increase in the rate of 3‐O‐MeG uptake from the 8th and the 16th day of development is probably due to an increase in the number of hexose carriers.
N‐tosyl‐L‐phenylalanylchloromethane reacts with cysteine 81 in the molecule of elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli
Authors: Jonák Jiří , Petersen Torben E. , Clark Brian F.C. , Rychlík Ivan
Published: July 2002

Elongation factor EF‐Tu from Escherichia coli was labelled with N‐[14C]tosyl‐L‐phenylalanylchloromethane, digested with trypsin and the peptides obtained separated by HPLC. The only radioactive peak recovered corresponded to tryptic peptide containing residues 75–98. Sequencing of the peptide by automated Edman degradation identified cysteine 81 as the site of N‐tosyl‐L‐phenylalanylchloromethane modification. These results confirm the importance of this residue for the interaction with aminoacyl‐tRNAs.
Activation of glycogenolysis and norepinephrine overflow in the perfused rat liver during repetitive perivascular nerve stimulation
Authors: Beckh Karlheinz , Balks Hans-Joachim , Jungermann Kurt
Published: July 2002

During in situ perfusion of rat liver stimulation of nerve bundles around hepatic artery and portal vein resulted in an increase of glucose output, a switch from lactate uptake to output and in a decrease of portal flow. These effects remained essentially the same during 3 stimulation periods at 20 min intervals; norepinephrine overflow, however, was strongly decreased during the second and third period. The metabolic and hemodynamic effects were not correlated to norepinephrine overflow during repetitive stimulations and during stimulations in the presence of norepinephrine, phentolamine, propranolol or desipramine.
Isolation of homologous and heterologous complexes between catalytic and regulatory components of adenylate cyclase by forskolin—Speharose
Authors: Pfeuffer Thomas , Gaugler Bernhard , Metzger Heinz
Published: July 2002

Homologous and heterologous complexes between catalytic and GTP‐binding components can be isolated by means of immobilized succinyldeacetylforskolin (forskolin—Sepharose). A heterologous complex is formed by reconstitution of forskolin—Sepharose bound catalytic function from rabbit myocardial membranes with the homogeneous [3H]methyl‐GTP‐binding protein from duck erythrocyte membranes. Analysis of the reconstituted complex by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis reveals that only the M
r 42 000 component of the GTP‐binding protein's M
r 42 000/M
r 35 000 heterodimer contributes to the formation of active adenylate cyclase.
Sequence homology between EF‐1α, the α‐chain of elongation factor 1 from Artemia salina and elongation factor EF‐TU from Escherichia coli
Authors: Amons Reinout , Pluijms Wim , Roobol Kees , Möller Wim
Published: July 2002

The occurrence, in the eukaryotic factor, of several ϵ‐trimethyllysine residues, is remarkable.
An evaluation of the evidence for H+ pumping by reconstituted cytochrome c oxidase in the light of recent criticism
Authors: Casey Robert P. , Azzi Angelo
Published: July 2002

We review the evidence for H+ translocation by reconstituted cytochrome c oxidase; attention is paid to those aspects which we feel most open to criticism. Possible alternative hypotheses are assessed, with regard to experiments carried out to test them directly and with regard to published data. We conclude that, whilst certain aspects of this system are worthy of further clarification, the reported observations are all consistent with proton translocation by reconstituted cytochrome c oxidase; most of these observations provide a positive indication of such an activity.
Platelet‐derived growth factor stimulates the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6
Authors: Nishimura Junji , Deuel Thomas F.
Published: July 2002

The human platelet derived‐growth factor (PDGF) is both a potent mitogen and a strong chemoattractant protein for cells involved in inflammation and repair. In seeking mechanisms by which PDGF might initiate specific activities in target cells, it was found that highly purified PDGF stimulates the phosphorylation of an M
r ∼33 000 protein in confluent Swiss mouse 3T3 cells [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1981) 103, 355–361]. The M
r ∼ 33 000 protein has now been recovered in polysomes by differential centrifugation and identified as ribosomal protein S6 by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Solution conformation of biantennary complex type oligosaccharides
Authors: Homans S.W. , Dwek R.A. , Fernandes D.L. , Rademacher T.W.
Published: July 2002

Using data obtained from both one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional Nuclear Overhauser effect measurements, we have extended our original observations [FEBS Lett. (1983) 150, 503–506] upon the preferred conformer of the complex‐type oligosaccharide unit derived from human serum transferrin. We propose that the Galβ1—4GlcNAcβ1—2Manα1—3Manβ1—4GlcNAcβ1—4GlcNAc unit has continuous secondary structure, and that the α(1–6) antenna extends from this structure with no single preferred orientation. Within the α(1–6) antenna, however, a segment of secondary structure (Galβ1–4GlcNAcβ1–Manα1–) exists with a preferred conformation which is probably identical to that found in the α(1–3) antenna.
Purification and characterization of two basic spermatid‐specific proteins isolated from the dog‐fish Scylliorhinus caniculus
Authors: Chauviere Muriel , Laine Bernard , Sautiere Pierre , Chevaillier Philippe
Published: July 2002

In dog‐fish spermatid nuclei two intermediate proteins S1 and S2 replace histones before the setting down of protamines. These spermatid‐specific proteins were isolated by carboxymethyl‐cellulose chromatography and purified by high pressure liquid chromatography. S1 and S2 are characterized by a high content of basic residues and by the lack of cysteine and phenylalanine. The determination of their amino acid composition and of their N‐ and C‐terminal sequences prove that each protein corresponds to a specific molecule which can be considered neither as a histone hydrolytic product nor as a protamines precursor.
Isoelectric focusing and isoelectric points of aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases
Authors: Lorber B. , Giégé R.
Published: July 2002

Isoelectric points and isoelectric focusing behaviour of 10 highly purified eukaryotic aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases from 3 sources, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Euglena gracilis and Phaseolus vulgaris were examined. The pI‐values measured on polyacrylamide gels under native conditions are situated between pH 5.0–7.5. A microheterogeneity was observed for 9 enzymes appearing otherwise homogeneous on gel electrophoresis. A compilation of the isoelectric points of aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases is given and literature data are compared with our experimental results.
Acetylation sites in histone H3 from Physarum polycephalum
Authors: Waterborg Jaap H. , Matthews Harry R.
Published: July 2002

Histone H3 from Physarum polycephalum was labelled with [3H]acetate in G2 phase of the cell cycle. Only histones H3 and H4 were labelled and the H4 was removed by chromatography. Sequential Edman degradation of labelled H3 showed that acetate was incorporated into residues 9, 14, 18 and 23 which correspond to the sites of acetyl‐lysine determined in histones H3 from other organisms. The results confirm the sequence conservation of H3 and support the notion that data on H3 acetylation, obtained with Physarum, can be extrapolated to higher eukaryotes.
Light‐driven proton transport of bacteriorhodopsin incorporated into long‐term stable liposomes of a polymerizable sulfolipid
Authors: Pabst R. , Ringsdorf H. , Koch H. , Dose K.
Published: July 2002

The chromoprotein bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium halobium has been incorporated into liposomes made of a fully synthetic, polymerizable lipid. Bacteriorhodopsin is found to be active in these polymer liposomes. The advantage in the use of such polymer systems concerning long‐term stability in comparison with liposomes made of natural lipid is demonstrated.
Yeast cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase
Authors: Wingender-Drissen Ruth
Published: July 2002

We have purified cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The purified enzyme was inactive in the absence of cyclic AMP and displayed two protein bands on SDS gel electrophoresis. One was identified as the cAMP‐binding protein by chromatography on cAMP‐agarose. M
r of the latter was 50 000 while the catalytic subunit had an M
r of 59 000. The enzyme accepted yeast phosphorylase, glycogen synthase and fructose 1,6‐bisphosphatase as substrates. No inhibition by the mammalian protein kinase inhibitor was observed.
A new assignment of the disulfide linkage in stellacyanin
Authors: Engeseth Helen R. , Hermodson Mark A. , McMillin David R.
Published: July 2002

Which cysteine of apostellacyanine reacts with 4‐vinylpyridine in 6 M guanidine—HCl depends upon the pH. We infer that a disulfide switch occurs at higher pH and that in the native protein the disulfide bridge occurs between Cys‐59 and Cys‐93. Thus Cys‐87, which is homologous to the cysteine ligands of azurin and plastocyanin, is available to bind copper.
Proton mobility in biological membranes: the relationship between membrane lipid state and proton conductivity
Authors: O'Shea Paul S. , Thelen Sylvia , Petrone Goffredo , Azzi Angelo
Published: July 2002

It is demonstrated that phospholipid vesicles and mitochondria are relatively permeable to ionised water with a permeability coefficient of approx. 10−4–10−3
. The H+/OH− conductance is further shown to depend in a non‐linear fashion upon an applied electric field and in a linear fashion upon applied pH gradients. In an attempt to characterise the molecular basis of these phenomena, the effects of electric fields of various magnitudes upon the relative dynamic state of the membrane were studied using the technique of fluorescence polarisation. It was found that the steady‐state fluorescence polarisation of 1,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene (DPH) was dependent upon the applied field in a similar manner to the proton conductance. Whereas the effect of a thermodynamically equivalent pH gradient had a negligible effect. There was thus a correlation between the “state” of the membrane and the rate of permeation of H+/OH−.
Tentative identification of the apoproteins of iron‐sulfur centers of Photosystem I
Authors: Lagoutte B. , Setif P. , Duranton J.
Published: July 2002

A newly purified Photosystem (PS) I particle is described, with still active iron‐sulfur acceptors: A, B and X. Apart from the apoprotein of P700, 3 other main polypeptides of this particle are located at 20, 17 and 10 kDa, and two minor ones are detectable at 16.5 and 8 kDa. Both in vivo 35S labeling and carboxymethylation with iodo[14C]acetate show that most of the cysteine residues are located in the 8‐kDa band. The amino acid composition of this band reveals important common features with small iron‐sulfur proteins of the ferredoxin type.
Selective labelling of phosphorylase kinase with fluorescein isothiocyanate
Authors: Sotiroudis Theodore G. , Nikolaropoulos Stathis
Published: July 2002

Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) is a highly specific inhibitor of rabbit muscle phosphorylase kinase. The rapid inhibition process is accompanied by an almost exclusive incorporation of fluorescein into the α sub‐unit. A molar ratio of 0.8 mol FITC per mol α subunit for a 60% inhibited kinase was calculated. Mg2+ and Mg2+‐ATP completely block the inhibitory effect of FITC, but ATP, ADP and Ca2+ have no significant effect on FITC inhibition. Trypsin‐activated phosphorylase kinase is not inactivated by FITC, while the fluorescein‐modified enzyme can be activated by digestion with trypsin to the same level of activity of trypsin‐activated unmodified enzyme.
Comparison of calmodulin‐dependent glycogen synthase kinase from skeletal muscle and calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase‐II from brain
Authors: Woodgett James R. , Cohen Philip , Yamauchi Takashi , Fujisawa Hitoshi
Published: July 2002

Calmodulin‐dependent glycogen synthase kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle and calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase‐II from rat brain were found to have remarkably similar substrate specificities. Both protein kinases phosphorylated synapsin‐I, glycogen synthase, smooth muscle myosin light chains, histone H1 and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase at the same relative rates. Site‐2 of glycogen synthase was preferentially phosphorylated by both enzymes, followed by a slower phosphorylation of site‐1b. Each protein kinase catalysed a 2‐fold activation of tryptophan 5‐monooxygenase. Calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase‐II and glycogen synthase kinase exhibited similar immunological cross‐reactivity in the presence of Ca2+ and calmodulin, using monoclonal antibody raised against the rat brain enzyme. In the absence of Ca2+ and calmodulin, cross‐reactivity of glycogen synthase kinase was decreased, whereas that of calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase‐II was not. The two enzymes appear to represent different isoenzymes of a multifunctional calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase that may mediate many of the actions of Ca2+ in mammalian tissues. The results demonstrate that calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase‐II is identical to calmodulin‐dependent synapsin‐I kinase‐II, previously shown to be very similar to calmodulin‐dependent glycogen synthase kinase [(1983) FEBS Lett. 163, 329–334].
Selective modification of cytoplasmic membrane fluidity by catalytic hydrogenation provides evidence on its primary role in chilling susceptibility of the blue‐green alga, Anacystis nidulans
Authors: Vigh László , Gombos Zoltán , Joó Ferenc
Published: July 2002

Cytoplasmic and thylakoid membranes were isolated at different stages of catalytic hydrogenation of fatty acyl double bonds in living cells of Anacystis nidulans. The reaction was limited to the lipids of cell‐surface membranes during the initial period of hydrogenation, thus, we were able to produce alga cells, modified exclusively in the cytoplasmic membrane. In these unique cells, neither compositional nor physical changes were detected in the lipid phase of thylakoids. Due to the rigidification of the alkyl chains of its lipids, however, the cytoplasmic membrane became leaky and phase separated at considerably higher chilling temperatures.Since an irreversible inactivation of photosynthetic electron transport was found simultaneously, it provided direct evidence for the hypothesis that the thermotropic properties of the lipids within cytoplasmic membranes, and not those of the thylakoids, control chilling susceptibility of the blue‐green alga, A.nidulans.
Presence of helodermin‐like peptides of the VIP‐secretin family in mammalian salivary glands and saliva
Authors: Robberecht Patrick , de Neef Philippe , Vandermeers André , Vandermeers-Piret Marie-Claire , Svoboda Michal , Meuris Sylvian , de Graef Jacques , Woussen-Colle Marie-Claire , Yanaihara Chizuko , Yanaihara Noboru , Christophe Jean
Published: July 2002

Helodermin is a biologically active peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum) whose structure is related to that of vasoactive intestinal peptide and secretin. Using a specific radioimmunoassay based on antisera prepared by immunizing rabbits with natural helodermin, we demonstrated the presence of helodermin‐like material in mammalian salivary glands, including parotid, submaxillary and sublingual glands from rat and dog, and parotid and submaxillary glands from man. All helodermin‐like materials had an apparent molecular mass of 4–12 kDa. Dog saliva, collected after pilocarpine stimulation, revealed similar immunoreactivity with a major component around 6 kDa.
13C‐NMR studies of horse ferrocytochrome c
Authors: Santos Helena , Turner David L.
Published: July 2002

The 13C and proton chemical shifts of 53 of the 55 methyl resonances of horse ferrocytochrome c have been determined by editing natural abundance 13C spectra according to the number of attached protons, observing the temperature dependence of the chemical shifts, and correlating 13C and proton chemical shifts in two‐dimensional spectra. Previous assignements of proton shifts allow 16 of the 13C resonances to be assigned firmly.
The quaternary structure of E.coli inorganic pyrophosphatase is not required for catalytic activity
Authors: Borschik Irina B. , Pestova Tatiana V. , Sklyankina Vera A. , Avaeva Svetlana M.
Published: July 2002

Inorganic pyrophosphatase
Subunit
Quaternary structure
Kinetic analysis
Structural interpretation of low‐temperature heme‐ligand recombination rates in myoglobin
Authors: Siebrand Willem , Somorjai R.L. , Wildman Timothy A.
Published: July 2002

The nonexponential recombination of photodissociated heme‐CO and heme‐O2 in myoglobin, which is geminate at T < 180 K, is interpreted as being due to a narrow, random distribution of ligand transfer distances in the heme pocket. This permits evaluation of the most probable recombination rate which is shown to be consistent with ligand tunneling.
A highly efficient poly(U)‐dependent poly(Phe) synthesis system for the extreme halophile archaebacterium Halobacterium halobium
Authors: Saruyama Haruo , Nierhaus Knud H.
Published: July 2002

A poly(Phe) synthesis system was optimized for the archaebacterium Halobacterium halobium. It is essential for maximal activity to isolate the ribosomes from cells in mid‐log phase. The system is characterized by the presence of tRNA from brewer's yeast, 6.4 M monovalent cations, 60 mM magnesium, 2 M sulphate anions, a pH of 7.4, and an incubation temperature of 40°C; polycations such as spermidine are not required. Under these conditions one H. halobium ribosome synthesizes statistically more than 20 Phe per h, and the synthesis is not exhausted after 2 h (40 Phe/ribosome). The yield of poly (Phe) is one to two orders of magnitude larger than corresponding yields described for other archaebacterial ribosomes. The accuracy of tRNA selection was determined, and an error fraction of about 0.5% was found. More than 30% of the ribosomes participate in poly(Phe) synthesis.