bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Drought Acclimation on Drought Stress Resistance in Okra Seedlings
Authors: TORUN Ümit , YILDIRIM Ertan , EKİNCİ Melek
Published: December 2023

Öz

Bu çalışmada bamyada (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) fide döneminde kuraklık aklimasyonunun etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, aklimasyon yapılmamış ve stressiz (NA), aklimasyon yapılmış ve stressiz (DA), aklimasyon yapılmamış ve kuraklık stresli (NAS), aklimasyon yapılmış ve kuraklık stresli (DAS) olmak üzere dört farklı sulama uygulaması yapılmıştır. Uygulamaların bamya fidelerinin bitki boyu, gövde çapı, bitki taze ağırlığı, bitki kuru ağırlığı, kök taze ağırlığı, kök kuru ağırlığı, yaprak alanı, yaprak bağıl su içeriği (LRWC), klorofil değeri (SPAD), klorofil içeriği (a, b ve toplam klorofil), hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) içeriği, malondialdehit (MDA) içeriği ve antioksidan enzim aktivitesi (CAT, POD ve SOD) gibi parametreler üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Kuraklık stresi (NAS), bitki büyüme parametreleri üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahipken, DAS'ın neden olduğu hasar daha düşük olmuştur. Ayrıca bitki boyu, gövde çapı, bitki taze ağırlığı, bitki kuru ağırlığı, kök taze ağırlığı, kök kuru ağırlığı, yaprak alanı, LRWC, SPAD ve klorofil içeriği DA ile en yüksek düzeyde olmuştur. Kuraklık stresi (NAS) ile H2O2, MDA ve antioksidan enzim aktivitesinde artış olmuş, DAS ile bu parametrelerdeki artış NAS uygulamasına göre daha düşük olmuştur. Çalışmada bamyada fide döneminde uygulanan kuraklık aklimasyonunun, normal koşullarda bitki büyümesine olumlu etkisinin yanı sıra kuraklık stresine karşı toleransı artırabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Determination of the Natural Frequency Change of Different Bayburt Stone (Tüfit) Sizes During the Transportation in the Screw Conveyor
Authors: ERBAYRAK Engin , KIRAR Burhan
Published: December 2023

The mechanism that carries the powder or tiny granular particles with the rotational movement of the spiral shaft is called the screw conveyor. The working principle of screw conveyors is transporting dust particles due to rotating the screw shaft placed in a cylindrical pipe with engine power. The transport process transfers the powder particles to the conveyor from the feed pipe at the top of the mechanism to the wings (helix) of the helix shaft. In this study, a scaled prototype of the screw conveyor was produced. Different Bayburt stone (Tüfit) sizes were transported utilizing the prototype, and natural frequency changes were measured during transportation. Consequently, it is observed that the different micron sizes of stone particles affect the natural frequency of the screw conveyor.
Geotechnical Preliminary Design of Onshore Wind Turbine Foundations
Authors: DEMİRCİ Hasan Emre
Published: December 2023

A simplified geotechnical design procedure for foundations of onshore wind turbines is often beneficial because it can provide the types and sizes of foundations required to perform financial feasibility analysis of a project, and can also be used for preliminary design. This study presents a simplified method for designing onshore gravity-based foundations based on limited required data, namely, loads acting on foundations, data provided by manufacturers, and soil properties. The detailed design issues that may be essential for the final design are also discussed. A flowchart of the design process is also presented to visualize the geotechnical design of such foundations. The required calculation procedures can be easily carried out either through a series of spreadsheets or simple hand calculations. An example problem explaining the design of onshore wind turbine foundations was presented to demonstrate the proposed calculation procedure. The data used for the calculations were obtained from the literature. The proposed flowchart provides a quick way for the preliminary design of foundations of onshore wind turbine foundations. The foundation system obtained from the preliminary geotechnical design was numerically modeled using Plaxis 3D software. The global stability of the foundation system under Ultimate Limit State (ULS) loads and soil pressure developed under the foundation were calculated. The soil pressure beneath the foundation under Serviceability Limit States (SLS) loads and the total settlement and rotation of the foundation were calculated. The results obtained from the Plaxis 3D software and those obtained from the preliminary design were in agreement.
Potentiometric Monitoring of Iodide Ions Using a Highly Selective Iodide Sensor Based on AgI-Cu2S-Multi Walled Carbon Nano Tube Material
Authors: TOPCU Cihan , COŞKUN Aybüke , YILMAZ Rabia Rana , ATASOY Betül Hilal
Published: December 2023

In this work, a new iodide selective sensor based on an AgI-Cu2S-Multiwalled carbonnanotube-Graphite-Paraffin oil composite material was described for highly selective potentiometric determination of iodide ions. To obtain the best potentiometric performance characteristics of the sensor, the sensor components was optimized and the sensor was formed by properly pressing of the optimized sensor components. The experimental results were showed that the most appropriate potentiometric response was achieved with the sensor materials containing a compositions of G:MWCNT:AgI:Cu2S:PO in the ratio 50:5:20:5:20 (% w/w). The developed sensor display a wide linear working range (1.0×10-5-1.0×10-1 molL-1) for iodide ions. In this linear working range, the Nernstian slope of the sensor was 51.5±1.0 mV and the correlation coefficient (R2) was determined as 0.9991. The sensor was of a very low response time (5s). The repeatability of the sensor potential response was very good and its response remained unchanged in the pH range of 6.0-9.0. The interference effect on the sensor response of different anionic species was tested by the separate solution method (SSM) and the sensor selectivity was quite good. The life time of the sensor was measured as 13 weeks and the sensor was successfully used as indicator sensor for the potentiometric titrations of iodide ions with silver nitrate solution. Additionally, the sensor was successfully applied for the direct detection of iodide ions in environmental water samples.
Effect of Sonic hedgehog gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on graft-induced retinal gliosis and retinal ganglion cells survival in diabetic mice
Authors:   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Wang Tong , Ma Jin ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Yu Xi-Ling ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
Published: December 2023

AIM: To investigate the effects of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on graft-induced retinal gliosis and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) survival in diabetic mice.
METHODS: Bone marrow-derived MSCs were genetically modified with the Shh gene to generate a stably transfected cell line of Shh-modified MSCs (MSC-Shh). Intravitreal injections of MSC-Shh and green fluorescent protein-modified MSCs (MSC-Gfp; control) were administered in diabetic mice. After 4wk, the effects of MSC-Shh on retinal gliosis were evaluated using fundus photography, and markers of gliosis were examined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The neurotrophic factors expression and RGCs survival in the host retina were evaluated using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The mechanisms underlying the effects of MSC-Shh was investigated.
RESULTS: A significant reduction of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was observed after intravitreal injection of MSC-Shh compared to MSC-Gfp. Significant downregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was demonstrated in the host retina after MSC-Shh administration compared to MSC-Gfp. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (AKT) and phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathways were significantly downregulated after MSC-Shh administration compared to MSC-Gfp. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) levels were significantly increased in the host retina, and RGCs loss was significantly prevented after MSC-Shh administration.
CONCLUSION: MSC-Shh administration reduces graft-induced reactive gliosis following intravitreal injection in diabetic mice. The ERK1/2, AKT and PI3K pathways are involved in this process. MSC-Shh also increases the levels of neurotrophic factors in the host retina and promoted RGCs survival in diabetic mice.
An Improved Agent-based model with Scenario Modeling Functional and Digital Twin Properties for Forecasting Socio-epidemiological-economic processes in the Regions of Russia
Authors: Evdokimov Dmitry
Published: December 2023

The article continues the series of works by the authors devoted to the analysis of the socio-epidemiological and economic consequences resulting from the spread of the coronavirus infection COVID-19. In previous studies, a model architecture and three fully functional blocks were developed - demographic, epidemiological and economic. This stage of work allowed us to modernize the agent-based model and make significant changes to the demographic and economic blocks. The modifications added critical details to the experimental design to reproduce a more accurate prediction. The demographic cycles of natural reproduction of the population were specified, the logic of economic processes in the context of the working population of the regions was improved, the basic characteristics of agents underwent changes, and an individual “passport” was created for each human agent.
Thus, fully functional blocks have become more adaptive, and the interaction of agents with each other has become more complex and realistic. Changing the presets of the starting state and upgrading the blocks served as support for conducting scenario experiments for three forecast options. There was also an assessment of four demonstration indices that reflect the negative effect of the spread of coronavirus infection in the territories of the studied regions of Russia. The virulence factors of a respiratory disease are analyzed, depending on the scenario being played out in terms of changes in the demographic and economic environments of the regions. The model is endowed with the properties of a digital twin, which has the potential to expand functionality and run it on a supercomputer in order to conduct experiments on a 1:1 scale.
V International Conference “Artificial Societies and Information Technologies” and round table “Supercomputer Technologies and Artificial Societies”
Authors: Konkova Tatiana
Published: December 2023

On September 25, 2023, V International Conference "Artificial Societies and Information Technologies" was held on the basis of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. And on September 26 a round-table  discussion "Supercomputer Technologies and Artificial Societies" was held
Some Topological Approaches To Analyzing The Efficiency Of Municipalities
Authors: Amentes Artem
Published: December 2023

The evaluation of the effectiveness of the activity of the heads of the municipality is included in the list of the most acute topics and the most discussed problems in the field of local self-government. The established approach to the construction of efficiency coefficients largely does not meet modern requirements for working with information, namely socio-economic data of municipalities. It is necessary to consider the possibility of using other, more intuitive ways of analyzing and comparing the results of the activities of municipalities. One such approach is the topological approach. The use of integral indicators used to solve the problem of simplifying calculations in manual mode, whereas with the beginning of widespread digitalization of workplaces in municipalities, more complex calculations became available that can be used to process data from multifactor models. The transition to digital data processing allows us to apply approaches that are characterized by large-dimensional input data. In addition, the data represent different semantic fields, which makes them heterogeneous. Topological approaches to data mining realize the possibility of visual comparison of categorical and numerical data of different semantics, which allows us to solve a complex problem and answer the question of the effectiveness of the municipal administration. While maintaining the achievement of the goal, it was possible to make the assessment not only intuitive, but also to increase the accuracy of determining a comprehensive efficiency assessment, since geometric averages were removed from the basic formula established by the current legislation. The proposed approach makes it possible not only to switch to more accurate performance indicators to identify the most advanced practices of state and municipal management, but also to take a step to solve the problem of using artificial intelligence technologies, such as artificial neural networks to build predictive models. In addition, it will allow more efficient use of computer models of reasoning for data mining purposes.
Simulation Models as an Additional Method of Forecasting and Planning of the Russian Economy
Authors: Kuznetsova Olga
Published: December 2023

Recently, scientists, politicians and statesmen actively discuss the topic of strategic planning and forecasting in the state regulation. First, the relevance of this topic is demonstrated by Federal Law on strategic planning in the Russian Federation, which proves the need for its implementation in socio-economic development of Russia. There are also many relevant clarifying and specifying legal acts. In this regard, the beginning of the article provides an overview of the regulatory framework in the framework of forecasting and strategic planning, as well as the practice of its implementation in Russia. One of options to increase the efficiency of state regulation in the sphere of forecasting and strategic planning is the implementation of simulation models. Simulation modeling is already used in many fields like medicine, biology, and physics. Nevertheless, the experience of using such models in the field of state regulation is not so widely spread, thus, it has the potential for development. Therefore, the second part of the article describes the method of simulation modeling: its description, application practice and potential benefits. In the end of the article, it is concluded that the implementation of the simulation modeling in forecasting and strategic planning of Russian economy can be very useful.
Modeling the Behavior of an Agent-enterprise as part of an Artificial Society in an International Trade Network
Authors: Makarov Valery
Published: December 2023

In the work developing the methodology for creating an artificial society, agent-firms in the agent-based model are considered as elements of an international trade network, formalized in the form of a graph in which they are represented by vertices, and the edges connecting them indicate the direction and magnitude of the flow of material resources and/or services. Using PJSC Gazprom as an example, centrality indices were constructed to characterize the importance of an agent-enterprise in the natural gas trading network, as well as its vulnerability from partner countries, considering the economic weight (importance) of these partners. The indices were used to develop an algorithm for simulating agent behavior based on the theory of functional systems by P.K. Anokhin: a) for the agent to assess his position as the current level of threats, and b) for setting goals and forming a set of projects aimed at developing and protecting his business. The algorithm is configured to minimize the vulnerability (dependence on partners) of the agent-firm both from the countries consuming its products and from the transit countries transporting them.
The influence of surface imperfections on phosphate coating performance of nodular cast iron substrates
Authors: Awe Samuel A.
Published: December 2023

The service performance of the nodular cast iron wheel hub was modelled by investigating the effect of surface morphology and characteristics on the phosphate coating size, morphology, and corrosion resistance properties of the zinc phosphate conversion coated cast iron substrates. The machined and unmachined surfaces as well as the coatings were examined by a scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EXD). The influence of the substrates’ surface imperfections on the phosphate coating and the subsequent corrosion resistance was assessed and rated according to the standard procedures. Surface analysis of the machined and unmachined cast iron hubs reveals the existence of graphite and foreign material inclusions on the substrate surface that impact the phosphate coating properties and resistance to corrosion. The average phosphate coating crystal size is 1.74 µm and 2.58 µm for the unmachined and machined cast iron substrates, respectively. The corrosion resistance of the coated unmachined wheel hub surfaces was rated poor and disapproved based on the application requirements. The poor corrosion resistance was ascribed to the influence of the substrates’ surface characteristics on the coating adhesion to the substrate. However, the cast surfaces should be properly shot-blasted to remove any adhere foreign materials on the as-cast skin to enhance the coating adhesion.
Learning Design for Combinatorics with Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Approach
Authors: Dona Fitriawan  , Nurfadilah Siregar  , Endar Sulistyowati
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this research is to design learning combinatorics sub-material faktorial, permutation, combination and chance with RME approach. This research is a qualitative research. With this research method using design research. The research techniques used are measurement techniques, direct observation and documentation with tools in the form of objective tests, observation sheets and document sheets. The research subjects were 2 classes, namely A1 and A2 classes in the Mathematical Statistics course, especially combinatorics material totaling 35 students with the learning trajectory in the form of numbers that were applied alternately to students. The conclusion of this research is obtained: 1) in the faktorial sub-material, students are introduced to the RME approach that 4!=24, 3!=6, 2!=2, 1!=1until it is proven that 1!=1; 2) in the permutation and combination sub-material, students are directed to be examples of the same numbers and letters that form the rules of permutation and combination; 3) in the opportunity sub-material, students are exemplified about coins and dice, both in one, two, and three pieces in the context of the problem.
Systematic Literature Review: Utilization of Video Media in Math Learning
Authors: Daahiljabir Muhammad Ainuddin , Masrukan  , Iqbal Kharisudin
Published: December 2023

Learning media plays an important role for teachers in carrying out learning activities in the classroom. Video-based learning media is one of the learning media that makes students able to understand the material presented by the teacher, because videos can show more real objects. Video-based learning media is also widely used by teachers because it has a good and successful influence on mathematics learning activities in the classroom. Making learning video media can use several applications such as powerpoint, videoscribe, canva, vegaspro, geogebra, powtoon, and others. The purpose of this study was to determine that video-based mathematics learning media has a positive effect on mathematics learning. This research is looking for several articles related to the use of video media in learning mathematics. The method used in this research is SLR (Systematic Literature Review). SLR is a technique of systematically collecting data, critically testing data, and collecting results that are in accordance with the topics used in the study. Research results from several accredited international and national journals show that the use of media in the form of learning videos in mathematics learning can help teachers and students in carrying out mathematics learning activities.
Mathematical Reasoning Ability as a Tool to improve Mathematical Literacy
Authors: Siti Norhidayah
Published: December 2023

Mathematical reasoning is one of the competencies needed to improve mathematical literacy. Mathematical reasoning is very influential in relation to other sciences and in daily life. This research is a descriptive research with the purpose of describing mathematical reasoning ability of Semester 1 students of Mechanical Engineering Study Program of Balikpapan University. The result of the research shows that there is a good mathematical reasoning in Mechanical Engineering 1st Semester Class A1 Academic Year 2023/2024. With good mathematical reasoning, it can be said that their mathematical literacy is also good enough. Mechanical Engineering students who have good mathematical reasoning will be very supportive in understanding other sciences, especially science in the field of Mechanical Engineering. The problems that arise in the process of mathematical reasoning of Mechanical Engineering Semester 1 students include not understanding the meaning of the problem command, difficulty starting the work steps, lack of accuracy when operating numbers, inability to use certain theories / formulas / rules in solving problems, inability to conclude answers, usually the answer only stops at the calculation result without concluding the results. For students whose achievement of mathematical reasoning ability indicators is still low, it can be helped by often practicing working on problems that require mathematical reasoning. This is one way for teachers to improve their students' mathematical reasoning skills.
Search for low-melting functional electrolytes in a four-component reciprocal system
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Gubanova Tatyana V. , Garkushin Ivan K. ,   Samara State Technical University, Mikhalkina Olga V. ,   Samara State Technical University
Published: December 2023

The division of the four-component reciprocal system Na+, Rb+, Cs+ || F−, NO− 3 into stable elements was carried out for the first time. The phase tree, confirmed by the experimental data from the differential thermal analysis, was constructed. The chemical interaction in a yet unexplored faceting element, i. e. in the three-component reciprocal system Na+, Cs+ || F−, NO− 3 , and in the four-component reciprocal system was studied. Phase equilibria in the three-component reciprocal system Na+, Cs+ || F−, NO− 3 and in the stable tetrahedron NaF-NaNO3-RbNO3-CsNO3 of the four-component reciprocal system Na+, Rb+, Cs+ || F−, NO 3 were experimentally studied. The calculation-graphical method to predict the melting temperature in the stable elements of the four-component reciprocal system Na+, Rb+, Cs+ || F−, NO− 3 by describing the lower and the upper boundaries of properties according to the data of the one-, two- and three-component systems was used. The obtained compositions of eutectic alloys can be used as low-melting electrolytes for chemical cells, heat-storing materials, heat-storage mediums, melt-solvents of inorganic substances and as a reference material.
Physical and chemical properties of lithium perchlorate and tetrafluoroborate solutions in the mixture of sulpholane and sulfurous anhydride
Authors:   Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Golubyatnikova Ludmila G. , Mishinkin Vadim Yu. ,   Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Garipov Dmitriy R. ,   Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuzmina Elena V. ,   Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kolosnitsyn Vladimir S. ,   Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2023

The temperature dependencies of physical and chemical properties (viscosity, density, electrical conductivity) and the melting temperature of 1M solutions of lithium salts (LiClO4 and LiBF4) in the mixture of sulfolane and sulfurous anhydride (∼1M) were studied. It was shown that the introduction of 1M (5% wt.) of sulfurous anhydride into 1M solutions of LiClO4 and LiBF4 in sulfolane increased the specific and corrected electrical conductivity, densities, activation energy of electrical conductivity and viscous flow of electrolyte solutions; and reduced viscosity and melting temperatures.
On the influence of the carbon material surface fraction determined by porosity on the linearity of the charge-discharge characteristics of DLSC
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Kutlimuratov Ruslanbek M. , Kuznetsova Arina R. ,   Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Agafonov Dmitry V. ,   Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Surovikin Yury V. ,   Center of New Chemical Technologies, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2023

The electrical and chemical characteristics of nanocomposite materials based on carbon black for double-layer supercapacitors were investigated. It was shown that the highest values of the specific capacitive characteristics were obtained for carbon material SP4 which has the largest specific surface area (total capacity 228 F/g, reversible capacity 162 F/g). The results obtained in the work show the relevance of the problem under consideration and the necessity to continue the research to supplement the obtained experimental data for the pore distribution of materials in order to determine the influence of porosity on the physical and chemical characteristics.
Ecological niches breadth analysis of Darevskia (Lacertidae, Reptilia) parthenogenetic lizards with various scenarios of clonal lineage formation in populations
Authors:   A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Osipov F. A. , Bobrov V. V. ,   A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dergunova N. N. ,   A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arakelyan M. S. ,   Yerevan State University, Petrosyan V. G. ,   A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2023

In this work, we tested the conditions for fulfilling the concept of geographic parthenogenesis by a comparative analysis of the breadth of the ecological niches of parental and parthenogenetic lizards of the genus Darevskia with a various number of established hybridization events. Estimates of the breadth of ecological niches of the parthenogenetic species D. rostombekowi Nb = 0.6(±0.08) and parental bisexual species D. raddei raddei – Nb = 0.86(±0.9), D. portschinskii – Nb = 1.21(±0.17) showed that for this parthenogenetic species one of the most important conditions of geographic parthenogenesis is fulfilled, i.e. the niche breadth of the parthenogenetic species is smaller than its parental bisexual species. The niche breadth of another parthenogenetic species D. dahli Nb = 0.86(±0.12) is smaller than that of the «paternal» species D. portschinskii – Nb = 1.21(±0.17), but larger than that of the «maternal» species D. mixta Nb = 0.48 (±0.08), which only partially agrees with the condition of geographic parthenogenesis. This mismatch is due to the fact that D. dahli was formed as a result of several independent hybridization events, which resulted in the formation of multiple clonal lines derived from different parental pairs of D. portschinskii and D. mixta.
On the issue of sex differences in metric characters in Anguis colchica (Nordmann in Demidoff, 1840) (Anguidae, Reptilia)
Authors:   Public Joint Stock Company “Rosseti Volga – Mordovenergo”, Ryzhov M. K. , Romanova E. B. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Bakiev A. G. ,   Samara Federal Research Center of RAS, Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2023

The length of the body without a tail (L.) and the length of an intact tail (L. cd.) were measured in 91 males and 110 females of Anguis colchica from the Chamzinsky rayon of the Republic of Mordovia. A comparative analysis of three morphometric characters (L., L. cd., L. / L. cd.) of males and females was carried out with the construction of variation series and using the frequency approach. Range of variability of L. and L. cd. (from 120 to 279 mm) were divided into eight classes, of which, according to body length without the tail, males were represented in seven, females in eight classes; According to the length of the tail, males were represented in six, and females in eight classes. Tail length depended on body length in males (r = 0.903, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.81) and females (r = 0.925, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.857). The proportions of males and females with a body length of 159 mm and less in the sample did not differ (p = 0.337), in the average size classes (from 160 to 199 mm) males predominated (p = 0.05), in size classes greater than 220 mm – females (p = 0.021). In the size class 200–219 mm, long-tailed females predominated.
Age structure and growth of the oriental tree frog (Hyla orientalis, Amphibia, Hylidae) in the Samur Forest (North-Eastern Caucasus)
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy, Kidov A. A. , Ivolga R. A. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy, Kondratova T. E. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy, Ivanov A. A. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy, Mazanaeva L. F. ,   Dagestan State University, Askenderov A. D. ,   Dagestan State University
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of studying the age structure and growth of the eastern tree frog (Hyla orientalis) in the Samur Forest. In the Primorskiy village (Magaramkent district, Republic of Dagestan, Russian Federation) in the first decade of May 2022, 7 females and 13 males were captured. The age of animals was determined by the cross sections of phalanx by standard method of skeletochronology. Age of females was 2–5 years (3.4 on average), males 1–6 years (3.4 on average). Life expectancy (ESP) in females is 4.33 years (S = 0.74), and in males 4.08 years (S = 0.72). The calculated maximum body length in females was 44.25 mm, males 41.54 mm. The growth rate of females is higher (k = 1.33) than that of males (k = 0.89).
Rare species of amphibians and reptiles – candidates for the inclusion into the third edition of the Red Data Book of Tambov region
Authors:   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Lada G. A. , Sokolov A. S. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Goncharov A. G. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University
Published: December 2023

Five species of amphibians and five species of reptiles are recommended to the inclusion into the third edition of the Red Data Book of Tambov region. Their conservation status, distribution, main limiting factors, adopted and necessary protection measures are discussed.
Comparative analysis of the growth and development of male and female Pevtsov's toad, Bufotes pewzowi (Amphibia: Anura, Bufonidae) in laboratory conditions
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy, Matushkina K. A. , Astakhova E. A. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy
Published: December 2023

Differences in growth rates are shown, as well as in the cost of rearing male and female Bufotes pewzowi under laboratory conditions. We observed a tendency for females to be superior in length and weight, but statistically significant differences (U = 13, p < 0.05) were noted only in weight after 50 weeks of rearing. Over the entire period of the study, the weight gain of females was 54.2±5.04 g, males – 45.3±6.15 g. The actual cost of rearing 1 female was 497.2±58.34 rubles (426.6–557.7), 1 male – 389.9±75.86 rubles (244.7–488.2).
Thermobiological characters of toad-headed agamas (Phrynocephalus mystaceus) (Reptilia, Agamidae) on the Sarykum dune (Dagestan, Russia) obtained by using of temperature loggers
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Cherlin V. A. , Okshtein I. L. ,   A. I. Alikhanov Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics of the National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Aligadzhiev E. ,   Dagestan State University
Published: December 2023

The paper compares two variants of thermobiological studies of toad-headed agamas (Phrynocephalus mystaceus) – the traditional one, based on route trapping and measurements of body temperature in captured lizards, and the new one, using temperature loggers that register body temperature once a minute and implemented interperitoneally. Both work options are not alternative. The main thing is the correct interpretation of the results: the traditional method provides data obtained from many individuals characterizing the temperature parameters of the activity of the studied reptiles. The new technique allows, although on a limited number of individuals, but with a huge number of measurements, to obtain the calculated characters of the reptiles' thermoregulation. Both of them successfully complement each other and, with subsequent refinement, could represent some single whole, allowing for a more complete and accurate understanding and description of the thermal biology of different reptile species.
Changes in transport use in Russian urban and rural settlements of different population sizes over the period 2014–2022
Authors:   State University of Education, JSC Russian Institute of Urban Planning and Investment Development “Giprogor”, Krylov Petr M.
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study is to examine the dynamics of transport use and transport service in urban and rural settlements of Russia with different population sizes in 2014–2022. The hypothesis of the study is that the dynamics of transport use and transport service in rural settlements repeats the dynamics of transport use and transport service in urban settlements with a certain time delay. With the general growth of transport use, there is a continuing growth in the use of personal passenger cars (including motorbikes) with a simultaneous decrease in the use of public transport. Gradually decreasing differences between urban and rural settlements have been revealed for most of the comparable indicators. In manycases thestudied indicators for ruralsettlementschange along thesame trajectory (with thesame dynamics) as the indicators for urbansettlements, with a lag ofseveral years. Transport use and transportservices for men and women also tend to approach thesame values in all types of settlements. A general pattern is observed: as the population density of a settlement increases, the problems of transport service of the population decrease.
On the role of salty coals in kaolinite transformation into paragonite-type hydromica within the Donbass tonsteins
Authors:   Saratov State University, Korobov Aleksandr D. , Korobova Lydmila A. ,   Saratov State University
Published: December 2023

The character of kaolinite hydromicatization within the Donetsk Basin tonsteins in the course of metamorphism depends on the types of enclosing coals: either normal or salty ones. Alongside with terrigenous minerals within the coal-bearing masses and the fossil sea waters, indicator authigenous minerals fromsaltycoals – halite and glauberite –should bespecified as thesources ofsodium and potassium for kaolinite hydromicatization. The conditions, most favorable for formation of the most stable phase of paragonite-type hydromica in kaolinite interlayers, arise within paralic formations over the areas of alkaline caustobioliths formation in the course of metamorphism. In the case when halite and glauberite from salty coals make the principal source of sodium, brammalite generation begins in matatonsteins during anthracite formation. The process goes on until feldspars and micas begin active supply of potassium into chloride Cl-Ca-Na brine. From this moment on, brammalite in clay interlayers is being rapidly replaced with illite. Eventually, association of paragonite and muscovite-type hydromicas arises within the clay interlayers. If the principal source of the alkaline elements responsible for kaolinite hydromicatization consists of terrigenous minerals from normal (nonsaline) coal-bearing masses (potassium feldspars, micas, plagioclases), exclusively illite develops within metatonsteins.
Scientific schools of the faculty of psychological, pedagogical and special needs education of Saratov State University: The diachronic aspect
Authors:   Saratov State University, Firsova Tatyana G. , Shamionov Rail M. ,   Saratov State University, Aleksandrova Ekaterina A. ,   Saratov State University, Selivanova Yulia V. ,   Saratov State University
Published: December 2023

The relevance of the study is due to the objective necessity to generalize the main trends of scientific research that have been developed earlier with the intergenerational communication and development of modern scientific schools of the Faculty of Psychological, Pedagogical and Special Needs Education of the Saratov State University, which is celebrating its 45th anniversary in November 2023. The purpose of the study is to generalize the experience of formation and development of scientific schools of the Faculty of Psychological, Pedagogical and Special Needs Education of Saratov State University from the diachronic perspective. Methods (tools): retrospective and comparative analysis of the data from scientific and bibliographic sources. Results. The contemporary psychological school is presented through the prism of the scientific interests of Professor I. V. Strakhov, the pedagogical one is represented through the works of academician N. F. Posnansky, the defectological school is analyzed through the works of the founder of Russian typhlopedagogics (methods of teaching the blind) A. A. Krogius. The study analyzes the works of V. I. Balayeva, K. F. Sedov, G. K. Parinova, E. A. Alexandrova, R. M. Shamionov, M. V. Grigorieva, Yu. V. Selivanova and other methodologists in a retrospective and perspective aspects. For the first time, an attempt has been made to outline the origins of the methodological school of the faculty. The study also presents the experience of several generations of the faculty teachers connected with their participation in the creation of federal and regional textbooks for schools and workbooks for students, which was predetermined by the series of publications “Pedagogical Institute for the School”. The range of modern scientific and methodological interests of the faculty stuff is systematized: grant projects, initiative research topics of the faculty chairs, the agenda of the dissertation boards. Moreover, the study presents the faculty research cluster: it has specified the existing laboratories, centers, and equipment for collecting empirical data. Conclusion. The study has summarized the experience of the formation and development of scientific and methodological schools of the faculty. It has identified traditional research issues that are characteristic of all the stages of diachronic development and the transformed research topics and/or the issues that re-emerged under the influence of the public demand of the modern world and the current socio-cultural situation.
Personality traits of a modern leader as seen by students
Authors:   Saratov State University, Arendachuk Irina V.
Published: December 2023

The relevance of the research is due to the public demand for the development of youth leadership programs. Additionally, the leaders themselves express the need to take into account the ideas of the youth about their personal characteristics in order to develop effectively. The objective of the study is to identify characteristics that are significant for a modern youth leader as seen by students themselves depending on their gender and age. Hypothesis: while young women attach more importance to ethic qualities of a youth leader, young men put more value on a leader’s professional qualities; and as students grow older, they are more focused on professional traits of their leader. Participants: students (N = 332) of Saratov universities aged between 18 and 25 (M = 20.4; SD = 1.9), 60.2% of young women. Methods (tools): questionnaire for the analysis of behavior and personal characteristics of youth leaders (I. V. Arendachuk, M. A. Klenova, N. V. Usova), which is based on the constructs of the “I am a leader” test (E. S. Fedorov, O. V. Eremin, in the modification of T. A. Mironova), as well as the results of the research on the personal qualities of youth leaders (I. M. Filippov). Results. Regardless of their gender, students put most value on behavioral activity of their leader. For young women, the leader’s focus on self-development is important, young men attach importance to professional qualities. As young women grow older, these same qualities of a leader increase in importance; and with age, young men put less value on professional qualities of their leader. The main conclusions. Students are more focused on the behavioral activity of their leaders than on personal qualities, however, young women are more demanding of the personality of the leader than young men. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in psychological and pedagogical work with students to develop their leadership qualities that would allow them to be socially active and create positive changes in society.
Neuroprotective effects of glucose-lowering drugs in rat focal brain ischemia-reperfusion model
Authors: Simanenkova A. V. , Fuks O. S. , Timkina N. V. , Tikhomirova P. A. , Vlasov T. D. , Karonova T. L.
Published: December 2023

Background.Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). According to the results of clinical and experimental studies, the ability of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) to reduce the risk and severity of stroke in DM has been proven; data on the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) effect are scarce. There has been no direct comparative study of the GLP-1RA and SGLT-2i neuroprotective effect.

Objective.To evaluate and to compare the effect of GLP-1RA of varying duration of action and SGLT-2i of varying selectivity on the neurological deficit severity and the brain damage volume in a transient focal brain ischemia model in rats without DM.

Design and methods.Male Wistar rats were divided into groups (n = 10 each) depending on the therapy received: “EMPA” (empagliflozin per os 2 mg/kg once daily), “CANA” (canagliflozin per os 25 mg/kg once daily), “LIRA” (liraglutide 1 mg/kg s. c. once daily), “DULA” (dulaglutide 0,12 mg/kg s. c. every 72 hours), “SEMA” (semaglutide 0,012 mg /kg s. c. once daily), “MET” (metformin per os 200 mg/kg once daily — comparison group), “Control” (administration of 0,9 % NaCl solution s. c. once daily). After 7 days, all groups underwent transient focal 30-minute filament middle cerebral artery occlusion. After 48 hours of reperfusion, neurological deficit was assessed using the Garcia scale, then the brain was collected and sections were stained with 1 % triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution to calculate the damage volume.

Results.Neurological deficit severity in the “LIRA” (14,50 (12,25; 15,25) points) and “SEMA” (14,00 (13,50; 18,00) points) groups was significantly less than in the “Control” group (11.00 (6,75; 12,00) points). The use of both SGLT-2i, as well as metformin, had no effect on the neurological status. At the same time, therapy with all study drugs had an infarct-limiting effect, compared with the “Control” group (damage volume 24,50 (14,69; 30,12) % of the total brain volume). At the same time, the brain damage volume in the “MET” group (12,93 (6,65, 26,66) %) was greater than that in the “EMPA” (6,08 (2,97, 7,63) %), “CANA” (5,11 (3,96; 8,34) %), “LIRA” (3,40 (2,09; 8,08) %), “DULA” (4,37 (2,72; 5,40) %), “SEMA” (5,19 (4,11; 7,83) %) groups.

Conclusions.SGLT-2i of varying selectivity and GLP-1RA of varying duration of action have a similar infarct-limiting effect in acute experimental brain ischemia. At the same time, GLP-1RA neuroprotective potential is higher, as it is characterized by an additional positive effect on the neurological status.
Management of the agroindustrial complex of the northern region
Authors: Yudin A. , Tarabukina T.
Published: December 2023

The article considers the management approach of the agroindustrial complex via determining the significance level of agricultural production development, includes the results of calculations based on a point-rating system using the additive method for differentiating the municipalities of the Komi Republic by production, socio-geographic and labor groups of factors.
The effect of long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers in the agrocenoses of the Komi Republic
Authors: Chebotarev N. , Brovarova O.
Published: December 2023

The stationary field experiment in soddy-podzolic sandy loam verified the effect of organic and mineral fertilizers and their combinations on the potato productivity. Additionally, the properties of soddy-podzolic sandy loam in conditions of six-field fodder crop rotation were analyzed. The complex application of fertilizers was found to have the maximum effect on the agrochemical properties of the soil and its productivity. For example, the content of humus increased by 0.4 %, mobile phosphorus – by 120 mg/kg. Simultaneously, the exchangeable and hydrolytic soil acidity, as well as the amount of exchangeable potassium, decreased. The complex application of organic and mineral fertilizers, especially in high doses, increased average potato yields and quality. The average yield of 5.5 t potato dry matter of high quality/ha was obtained on the application of 80 t/ha of peat-manure compost and a full dose of mineral fertilizers (N60P30K180).
Promising varieties of berry crops (everbearing raspberry, garden strawberry) by economically useful characteristics in the conditions of the Komi Republic
Authors: Yudin A. , Pavlova E. , Tarabukina T. , Smetanina K.
Published: December 2023

This article discusses the varieties of berry crops, particularly everbearing raspberry and garden strawberry, which are important sources of vitamin products. The results of the study will help to select suitable varieties of berry crops for cultivation in the Komi Republic and contribute to the development of agriculture in the region. During the study, it was found that the most promising varieties of everbearing raspberry for cultivation in the Komi Republic are Nedosyagaemaya and Bryanskoe Divo and those of garden strawberry - Bereginya and Geyser.