bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alendronate treatment in cats with persistent ionized hypercalcemia: A retrospective cohort study of 20 cases
Authors: Kurtz Maxime , Desquilbet Loïc , Maire Justine , Da Riz Fiona , Canonne‐Guibert Morgane , Benchekroun Ghita , Maurey Christelle
Published: October 2022

Background

Limited information is available concerning treatment of ionized hypercalcemia in cats.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Describe clinical findings in a cohort of cats with persistent ionized hypercalcemia and evaluate long‐term tolerance and efficacy of alendronate in these patients.

Animals

Twenty cats with persistent ionized hypercalcemia of undetermined origin, presented for routine or referral consultation at the teaching hospital of Maisons‐Alfort (France).

Methods

Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Cats were divided into Group 1 (cats that received alendronate as well as other treatments, n = 11) and Group 2 (cats that did not receive alendronate, n = 9). Survival analysis (Kaplan‐Meier method, log‐rank test, and Cox proportional hazard models) was conducted to compare time to selected outcomes.

Results

Azotemia was present in 15 cats (75%). Alendronate treatment was administered and well tolerated during the entire follow‐up period (median, 9.5 months; interquartile range [IQR], 6.3; 27) in all cats from Group 1, except in 1 cat that developed severe hypophosphatemia, prompting treatment discontinuation. Univariate analysis determined that alendronate treatment was significantly associated with shorter time to reach a 15% decrease in ionized calcium concentration (iCa) from baseline during follow‐up (119 days vs median not reached, P = .02). This association was no longer significant after adjustment for age and initial iCa.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Alendronate overall was well tolerated with chronic use in this cohort, and can be considered a treatment option for persistent ionized hypercalcemia in cats.
Effect of mineral oil as a lubricant to collect feces from cats for microbiome studies
Authors: Ma Xiaolei , Brinker Emily , Cao Wenqi , Graff Emily C. , Wang Xu
Published: October 2022

Background

Fecal specimens are critical for disease screening, diagnosis, and gut microbiome research. For domestic cats, lubricants are often necessary to obtain a sufficient quantity of sample. However, the effect of lubrication on feline microbiome analysis has not been assessed.

Objectives

To evaluate if lubrication using mineral oil during cat feces sample collection affects the DNA extraction, metagenomic sequencing yield, and the microbial composition and diversity in subsequent gut microbiome analyses.

Animals

Eight 6‐year‐old male, neutered, domestic short‐haired cats housed in a research facility.

Methods

Cohort study. The gut microbiomes were investigated for fecal sample collection with and without lubrication using whole‐genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing.

Results

Fecal specimens were collected using a fecal loop under sedation without lubrication and with mineral oil lubrication. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the microbial DNA yield in ng/mg fecal sample (75.75 [25.8‐125.7] vs 60.72 [33.49‐87.95], P = .95), metagenomic sequencing yield in Gbp (10.31 [6.29‐14.32] vs 13.53 [12.04‐15.02], P = .2), proportion of host contamination (0.1 [0.02‐0.18] vs 0.15 [0‐0.3], P = .84), relative taxonomy abundance (P > .8), or the number of microbial genes covered (408 132 [341 556‐474 708] vs 425 697 [358 505‐492 889], P = .31).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Fecal sampling with mineral oil lubrication did not change the microbial DNA extraction yield, metagenomic sequencing yield, level of host contamination, the microbial composition and diversity in subsequent gut microbiome analyses. Here we reported a proven cat‐friendly protocol for fecal sample collection in clinical and research setting for gut microbiome analyses.
The liberal dream of smart detention? Algorithms and the politics of pretrial detention in the US states
Authors: Wenzelburger Georg , König Pascal D.
Published: October 2022

In the 2000s and 2010s, US states have seen an important wave of change in criminal justice policies toward a “smart on crime” approach. In this context, several states have rolled out algorithmic risk assessment tools for statewide use in pretrial decisions, whereas some others have not, and still others are moving back from using such tools again. The present article examines the explanations for this variance. To this end, it tests competing expectations about the role of functional pressures, including fiscal strain and the party‐political balance of power. The findings show that functional pressures, policy diffusion, and politics affect the likelihood that algorithmic tools will be used in criminal justice. Democratic control of both the state executive and legislative branches increases the likelihood that a state will use these tools, indicating that Republicans are reluctant to leave the “tough on crime” paradigm behind and to advance the “smart on crime” approach.
MAIT cells ameliorate liver fibrosis by enhancing the cytotoxicity of NK cells in cholestatic murine models
Authors: Jiang Xiang , Peng Yanan , Liu Lan , Wang Youwei , Li Mengting , Li Wenjie , Huang Fengxing , Zheng Chunlan , Xu Fei , Hu Qian , Wei Wanhui , Dong Shouquan , Zhao Qiu
Published: October 2022

Background and aims

Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate‐like lymphocytes that display a critical role in various liver diseases. However, the role of MAIT cells in cholestatic liver fibrogenesis remains obscure. Our study aims to assess the contribution of MAIT cells and underlying mechanisms during this process.

Methods

Cholestatic murine models using MAIT cell‐deficient (MR1−/−) and wild‐type (WT) mice were established by feeding a 0.1% 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC)‐enriched diet or bile duct ligation (BDL). Liver samples were collected to determine the severity of fibrosis. Lymphocytes of the liver were isolated for analysing the phenotype and function of MAIT cells. Cell co‐culture experiments were performed to investigate the cross‐talk between MAIT and NK cells.

Results

Liver MAIT cells were more activated with increased cytokines in cholestatic mice models than in control mice, although their frequency was decreased. MAIT cell deficiency led to severe liver inflammation and fibrosis with more activated HSCs in cholestatic mice. In addition, MR1−/− mice had an increased frequency of NK cells with higher expression of stimulatory receptors relative to WT mice. Paradoxically, activated MAIT cells significantly promoted the anti‐fibrotic ability of NK cells by enhancing their cytotoxicity against HSCs in co‐culture experiments. Importantly, this effect depended on direct cell–cell contact and TNF‐α produced by MAIT cells.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that MAIT cells ameliorate cholestatic liver fibrosis by enhancing the cytotoxicity of NK cells against HSCs. An in‐depth understanding of the MAIT cell‐mediated regulatory effect will provide more valuable immunotherapy strategies to treat liver fibrosis.
Resident duty hours and resident and patient outcomes: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sephien Andrew , Reljic Tea , Jordan Jeffrey , Prida Xavier , Kumar Ambuj
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The policies regarding resident physician work hours are constantly being evaluated and changed. However, the results of randomised control trials (RCTs) are mixed. This systematic review of RCTs aims to synthesise the evidence associated with resident duty hour restrictions and its impact on resident‐ and patient‐based outcomes.

Methods

A comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and PubMed was conducted from inception until 31 July 2020. Any RCT evaluating the impact of longer resident physician work hours compared to shorter resident physician work hours on resident‐ and patient‐based outcomes was eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers extracted data independently. The primary outcome was the impact of resident duty hour restrictions on emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment, as defined by the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The secondary patient‐related outcomes were patient hospital length of stay, serious medical errors and preventable adverse events. Data were pooled using a random‐effects model.

Results

Of the 873 references, nine RCTs met the inclusion criteria. A shorter shift length compared with longer shift length was associated with significantly less emotional exhaustion (standardised mean difference [SMD] = −0.11, 95% CI = −0.21, −0.00) and less dissatisfaction with overall well‐being (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.38, 0.99) but not with hospital length of stay (SMD = −0.01, 95% CI = −0.05, 0.02, p = 0.45) and serious medical errors per 1000 patient hours (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.52, 2.21; p = 0.86).

Conclusions

Shorter resident duty hours is possibly associated with improvement in resident‐based outcomes, specifically, emotional exhaustion, dissatisfaction with overall well‐being, sleep duration and sleepiness. These findings may inform the policy change in support of reduced shift hours resulting in overall well‐being for the residents with possible reduction in burnout without adverse impact on patient‐based outcomes.
Training physicians and residents for the use of Electronic Health Records—A comparative case study between two hospitals
Authors: Humphrey‐Murto Susan , Makus Donovan , Moore Sarah , Watanabe Duffy Karen , Maniate Jerry , Scowcroft Katherine , Buba Melanie , Rangel J. Cristian
Published: October 2022

Background/Purpose

Despite widespread use of Electronic Health Records (EHR), the promise of benefits has not been clearly realised due, in part, to inadequate physician training. Training for EHR use is a highly complex intervention that occurs in a dynamic socio‐technical health system. The purpose of this study was to describe and critically assess the interplay between educational activities and organisational factors that influenced EHR training and implementation across two different hospitals.

Methods

Based in a socio‐technical framework, a comparative qualitative case study was undertaken as well suited to real‐world processes. Semi‐structured interviews were completed (n = 43), representing administrative leaders, staff physicians, residents and EHR trainers from two Canadian academic hospitals. Thematic analysis was employed for analysis.

Results

Similar findings were noted at both hospitals despite different implementation strategies. Despite mandatory training, physicians described limited transferability of training to the workplace. Factors contributing to this included standardised vendor modules (lacking specificity for their clinical context); variable EHR trainer expertise; limited post‐launch training; and insufficient preparation for changes to workflow. They described learning while caring for patients and using workarounds. Strong emotional responses were described, including anger, frustration, anxiety and fear of harming patients.

Conclusions

Training physicians for effective EHR utilisation requires organisational culture transformation as EHRs impacts all aspects of clinical workflows. Analytic thinking to consider workflows, ongoing post‐launch training and the recognition of the interdependency of multiple factors are critical to preparing physicians to provide effective clinical care, and potentially reducing burnout. A list of key considerations is provided for educational leaders.
Networks in philosophy: Social networks and employment in academic philosophy
Authors: Contreras Kallens P. , Hicks Daniel J. , Jennings C. D.
Published: October 2022

In recent years, the “science of science” has combined computational methods with novel data sources to understand the dynamics of research communities. Many of the questions investigated by science of science are also relevant to academic philosophy. To what extent can the discipline be divided into subfields with different methods and topics? How are prestige and credit distributed across the discipline? And how do these factors interact with other factors, such as gender, to shape job market outcomes? Using job market data for anglophone academic philosophy, this paper finds, first, evidence that is consistent with the analytic‐continental divide but is also consistent with other, more complex ways of organizing academic philosophy into distinct intellectual traditions; second, a clear prestige hierarchy, dividing Ph.D. programs into two distinct prestige categories; and, third, evidence that gender, prestige, and country have notable effects on academic job market outcomes for recent philosophy Ph.Ds.
Axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination and complex IV activity within demyelinated axons in experimental models of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Licht‐Mayer Simon , Campbell Graham R. , Mehta Arpan R. , McGill Katie , Symonds Alex , Al‐Azki Sarah , Pryce Gareth , Zandee Stephanie , Zhao Chao , Kipp Markus , Smith Kenneth J. , Baker David , Altmann Daniel , Anderton Stephen M. , Kap Yolanda S. , Laman Jon D. , 't Hart Bert A. , Rodriguez Moses , Franklin Robin J. M. , Chandran Siddharthan , Lassmann Hans , Trapp Bruce D. , Mahad Don J.
Published: October 2022

Aims

Axonal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental models is most frequently detected in acutely demyelinating lesions. We recently reported a compensatory neuronal response, where mitochondria move to the acutely demyelinated axon and increase the mitochondrial content following lysolecithin‐induced demyelination. We termed this homeostatic phenomenon, which is also evident in MS, the axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination (ARMD). The aim of this study is to determine whether ARMD is consistently evident in experimental demyelination and how its perturbation relates to axonal injury.

Methods

In the present study, we assessed axonal mitochondrial content as well as axonal mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV activity (cytochrome c oxidase or COX) of axons and related these to axonal injury in nine different experimental disease models. We used immunofluorescent histochemistry as well as sequential COX histochemistry followed by immunofluorescent labelling of mitochondria and axons.

Results

We found ARMD a consistent and robust phenomenon in all experimental disease models. The increase in mitochondrial content within demyelinated axons, however, was not always accompanied by a proportionate increase in complex IV activity, particularly in highly inflammatory models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Axonal complex IV activity inversely correlated with the extent of axonal injury in experimental disease models.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that ARMD is a consistent and prominent feature and emphasise the importance of complex IV activity in the context of ARMD, especially in autoimmune inflammatory demyelination, paving the way for the development of novel neuroprotective therapies.
Allergic diseases and immunodeficiencies in children, lessons learnt from COVID‐19 pandemic by 2022: A statement from the EAACI‐section on pediatrics
Authors: Munblit Daniel , Greenhawt Matthew , Brough Helen A. , Pushkareva Anna , Karimova Diana , Demidova Anastasia , Warner John O. , Kalayci Omer , Sediva Anna , Untersmayr Eva , Rodriguez del Rio Pablo , Vazquez‐Ortiz Marta , Arasi Stefania , Alvaro‐Lozano Montserrat , Tsabouri Sophia , Galli Elena , Beken Burcin , Eigenmann Philippe A.
Published: October 2022

By the April 12, 2022, the COVID‐19 pandemic had resulted in over half a billion people being infected worldwide. There have been 6.1 million deaths directly due to the infection, but the pandemic has had many more short‐ and long‐term pervasive effects on the physical and mental health of the population. Allergic diseases are among the most prevalent noncommunicable chronic diseases in the pediatric population, and health‐care professionals and researchers were seeking answers since the beginning of pandemic. Children are at lower risk of developing severe COVID‐19 or dying from infection. Allergic diseases are not associated with a higher COVID‐19 severity and mortality, apart from severe/poorly controlled asthma. The pandemic disrupted routine health care, but many mitigation strategies, including but not limited to telemedicine, were successfully implemented to continue delivery of high‐standard care. Although children faced a multitude of pandemic‐related issues, allergic conditions were effectively treated remotely while reduction in air pollution and lack of contact with outdoor allergens resulted in improvement, particularly respiratory allergies. There is no evidence to recommend substantial changes to usual management modalities of allergic conditions in children, including allergen immunotherapy and use of biologicals. Allergic children are not at greater risk of multisystem inflammatory syndrome development, but some associations with Long COVID were reported, although the data are limited, and further research is needed. This statement of the EAACI Section on Pediatrics provides recommendations based on the lessons learnt from the pandemic, as available evidence.
Individuals' favorite songs' lyrics reflect their attachment style
Authors: Alaei Ravin , Rule Nicholas O. , MacDonald Geoff
Published: October 2022

Recent studies suggest that one's personality relates to their music preferences. Separately, research from an attachment theory perspective has demonstrated that attachment security and insecurity are important relationship‐related individual differences. We combined these two lines of inquiry here by investigating whether the lyrics of individuals' favorite songs about relationships reflect their attachment styles and related Big Five personality traits (Study 1; NParticipants = 469, NSongs = 4853). Individuals higher in attachment avoidance preferred relationship songs with lyrics expressing an avoidant attachment style, whereas individuals higher in neuroticism preferred relationship songs with lyrics expressing more attachment anxiety. We extended these results in a second study, finding that the lyrics of Western culture's 823 most popular songs from 1946 to 2015 mirrored societal trends of increasing social disengagement (i.e., were increasingly higher in attachment avoidance themes), suggesting that song lyrics impart psychological meaning at the sociocultural level as well. Our data therefore suggests that higher levels of attachment avoidance are reflected in preferred lyrics in relationship songs at both an individual and societal level.
Ultra‐sculpturing of seed morphotypes in selected species of genus Salvia L. and their taxonomic significance
Authors: Jabeen S. , Zafar M. , Ahmad M. , Althobaiti A. T. , Ozdemir F. A. , Kutlu M. A. , Makhkamov T. K. , Sultana S. , Ameen M. , Majeed S.
Published: October 2022

The taxonomic importance of macromorphological and micromorphological seed characteristics was investigated using SEM of ten species of the Salvia genus from Pakistan. The aim was to identify diagnostic seed ultrastructural features that could aid in species delimitation, correct identification and phylogenetic position. The ultrastructure of Salvia varies greatly, and a wide range of unique micromorphological features have been observed.

Seed micromorphological features were explored by SEM, including seed shape, colour, texture, cell outline, surface sculpturing, epidermal cell arrangement, anticlinal, and periclinal wall pattern.

Seed shapes were categorized as obovate, spherical, spheroid, broadly elliptic, elliptic and oblong, mostly with a terminal hilum. Seed colours were black, light brown, dark brown, brown and yellow. Exo‐morphological characters, i.e. epidermal cell arrangements, included irregular, wavy pentagonal‐hexagonal, regular pentagonal‐hexagonal. Cluster analysis was used to assess similar and distinct species within Salvia with a feasible explanation. Taxonomic keys were made based on micromorphological qualitative features that help to delimit species and identify them quickly within the Salvia genus.

Seed morphology of ten Salvia species was described and investigated, and the diagnostic significance of features evaluated using SEM. This study analysed seed features, especially at the species level, which might provide much new taxonomic information. The results revealed that, in seed morphology, using SEM can help with taxon identification, especially at the genus and species levels.
Sugarcane mild mosaic virus: The rediscovery of an identified but unrecognized virus
Authors: Mollov Dimitre , Filloux Denis , Grinstead Samuel , Bolus Stephen , Claude Lisa , Fernandez Emanuel , Julian Charlotte , Candresse Thierry , Lockhart Ben , Roumagnac Philippe , Rott Philippe , Daugrois Jean Heinrich
Published: October 2022

The complete genome sequence of a previously uncharacterized sugarcane‐infecting virus of the genusAmpeloviruswas obtained by high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. This genome consists of 13,114 nucleotides (nt) and harbours seven open reading frames. Phylogenetic and pairwise identity analyses with the complete or near‐complete genome sequences of 16 isolates revealed that they all belong to a newAmpelovirusspecies, familyClosteroviridae. These 16 isolates were distributed in three phylogenetic groups and potential recombinant events were identified for only one of these isolates. An immunocapture‐reverse transcription‐PCR (IC‐RT‐PCR) assay was developed with antibodies previously produced against a clostero‐like virus that had not yet been recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses but for which the name sugarcane mild mosaic virus (SCMMV) had been proposed. The new ampelovirus was detected by IC‐RT‐PCR, and Sanger‐sequenced amplicons confirmed the identity of the virus based on HTS data. SCMMV was detected in 65 of 350 samples of quarantined sugarcane germplasm using RT‐PCR targeting thehsp70gene. These samples originated from Africa, the Caribbean, North America, South America and South‐east Asia, thus revealing that SCMMV is present in many sugarcane‐growing regions of the world. The complete or near‐complete sequences reported here represent the first genomic sequences for SCMMV. Furthermore, the newly developed RT‐PCR diagnostic assay will facilitate the understanding of SCMMV epidemiology and will help improve management practices.
Microbial resistance to oral antiseptics used in hospitalized patients: A systematic scoping review of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Ardila Carlos‐M. , Bedoya‐García Jader Alexander
Published: October 2022

Aims

To evaluate the prevalence and proportions of bacteria resistant to oral antiseptics used in hospitalized patients.

Methods and results

A review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was led by implementing the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews including various databases. MeSH terms and keywords were used to assess only RCTs with antiseptic‐resistant outcomes. Fourth RCTs met the selection criteria. These trials studied 399 hospitalized patients for respiratory infections or cardiovascular disease. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii were predominant pathogens in the chlorhexidine group. It was found that Veillonella parvula and Campylobacter gracilis (57% of the isolates) had resistance to triclosan, while 67% of Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter species presented resistance to chlorhexidine. However, an increase in minimal inhibitory concentrations of triclosan or chlorhexidine during the follow‐up period was not observed. Moreover, chlorhexidine reduced the amount of S. aureus in dental plaque and the oropharyngeal colonization by aerobic microorganisms; nonetheless, it was unsatisfactory to decrease the occurrence of respiratory infections. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

Resistance of V. parvula and C. gracilis to triclosan, and Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter species to chlorhexidine were perceived. However, these resistances did not increase during the follow‐up period.
Digital skin imaging applications, part II: a comprehensive survey of post‐acquisition image utilization features and technology standards
Authors: Sun Mary D. , Kentley Jonathan , Wilson Britney W. , Soyer H. Peter , Curiel‐Lewandrowski Clara N. , Rotemberg Veronica M. , Halpern Allan C. ,   the ISIC Technique Working Group
Published: October 2022

Background

Despite the increasing ubiquity and accessibility of teledermatology applications, few studies have comprehensively surveyed their features and technical standards. Importantly, features implemented after the point of capture are often intended to augment image utilization, while technical standards affect interoperability with existing healthcare systems. We aim to comprehensively survey image utilization features and technical characteristics found within publicly discoverable digital skin imaging applications.

Materials and Methods

Applications were identified and categorized as described in Part I. Included applications were then further assessed by three independent reviewers for post‐imaging content, tools, and functionality. Publicly available information was used to determine the presence or absence of relevant technology standards and/or data characteristics.

Results

A total of 20 post‐image acquisition features were identified across three general categories: (1) metadata attachment, (2) functional tools (i.e., those that utilized images or in‐app content to perform a user‐directed function), and (3) image processing. Over 80% of all applications implemented metadata features, with nearly half having metadata features only. Individual feature occurred and feature richness varied significantly by primary audience (p < 0.0001) and function (p < 0.0001). On average, each application included under three features. Less than half of all applications requested consent for user‐uploaded photos and fewer than 10% provided clear data use and privacy policies.

Conclusion

Post‐imaging functionality in skin imaging applications varies significantly by primary audience and intended function, though nearly all applications implemented metadata labeling. Technical standards are often not implemented or reported consistently. Gaps in the provision of clear consent, data privacy, and data use policies should be urgently addressed.
Indicators of soil quality and crop productivity assessment at a long‐term experiment site in the lowerIndo‐Gangeticplains
Authors: Ghorai Partha Sarathi , Biswas Sunanda , Purakayastha Tapan Jyoti , Ahmed Nayan , Das Tapas Kumar , Prasanna Radha , Gawade Bharat Hanamant , Bhattacharyya Kallol , Sinha Kanchan , Singh Priya , Das Sujit
Published: October 2022

Deterioration of soil quality under resource‐intensive modern agriculture in the face of global climate change poses a huge risk to food security. Because of the complex nature, estimators of soil quality often rely upon a limited set of soil attributes, along with statistical data reduction techniques, for developing quality indices, whilst overlooking biological aspects and regional climatic variability. This study screened the most suitable soil quality indexing approaches for a rice‐oilseed‐based cropping system in the lower Indo‐Gangetic plains (IGP). For this, surface soil samples (0–15 cm) were collected from an ongoing long‐term fertilizer experiment with a rice‐mustard‐sesame cropping system in the IGP. The following treatments were assessed for their effect on soil quality:T1‐control,T2‐NPK (recommended NPK doses),T3‐NPKG (NPK + in situ green manuring),T4‐NPKGB (NPK + in situ green manuring + biofertilizer) andT5‐NPKF (NPK + farm yard manure FYM). We found that total organic carbon (TOC),β‐glucosidase, CaCl2extractable S, alkaline KMnO4oxidizable N, activity of urease, amidase enzyme and mean weight diameter (MWD) were sensitive key indicators of soil quality. The NPKF treatment maintained the highest soil quality status (0.80–0.91), both under productivity and environmental protection goals, owing to the availability of decomposable carbon. Regression analysis showed a better agreement of equivalent rice yield with expert opinion (EO;R2 = 0.89) than principal component analysis (PCA;R2 = 0.76). Finally, we found that the expert opinion approach with the nonlinear scoring function was the best tool for soil quality assessment of the region.
Identification of the novel HLA‐A*11:01:115 allele, detected in two unrelated bone marrow donors
Authors: Ananeva Anastasiia , Gulnaz Akhmetshina , Shagimardanova Elena
Published: October 2022

HLA‐A*11:01:115 has one synonymous nucleotide compared to HLA‐A*11:01:01:01 in codon −5.
Full‐length sequence of the novel HLA‐C*03:04:74 allele by next generation sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Zou Hong‐Yan , Zhong Yan‐Ping , Xiong Wen
Published: October 2022

C*03:04:74 differs from C*03:04:01:02 by one nucleotide change at nucleotide 1047 in exon 6 from G to A.
A novel HLA‐B*57 allele, HLA‐B*57:163, was identified by next generation sequencing typing
Authors: Loginova Maria , Smirnova Daria , Paramonov Igor
Published: October 2022

A novel allele HLA‐B*57:163 was identified in a Russian male individual by next generation sequencing.
Investigating COVID‐19 transmission in a tertiary hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam using social network analysis
Authors: Hoang Ngoc‐Anh Thi , Pham Thai Quang , Quach Ha‐Linh , Hoang Ngoc Van , Nguyen Khanh Cong , Dang Duc‐Anh , Vogt Florian
Published: October 2022

Objectives

In March 2020, a COVID‐19 outbreak in a major referral hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam led to 7664 patients and staff being sent into lockdown for 2 weeks, and more than 52,200 persons across 49 provinces being quarantined. We assessed SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission patterns during this to‐date largest hospital outbreak in Vietnam using social network analysis (SNA).

Methods

We constructed a directed relational network and calculated network metrics for ‘degree’, ‘betweenness’, ‘closeness’ and ‘eigenvector’ centrality to understand individual‐level transmission patterns. We analysed network components and modularity to identify sub‐network structures with disproportionately big effects.

Results

We detected 68 connections between 46 confirmed cases, of whom 27 (58.7%) were ancillary support staff, 7 (15.2%) caregivers, 6 (13%) patients and 2 (4.4%) nurses. Among the 10 most important cases selected by each SNA network metric, transmission dynamics clustered in 17 cases, of whom 12 (70.6%) cases were ancillary support staff. Ancillary support staff also constituted 71.1% of cases in the dominant sub‐network and 68.8% of cases in the three largest sub‐communities.

Conclusions

We identified non‐clinical ancillary support staff, who are responsible for room service and food distribution in hospital wards in Vietnam, as a group with disproportionally big impacts on transmission dynamics during this outbreak. Our findings call for a holistic approach to nosocomial outbreak prevention and response that includes both clinical and non‐clinical hospital staff. Our work also shows the potential of SNA as a complementary outbreak investigation method to better understand infection patterns in hospitals and similar settings.
HCN1 channels mediate mu opioid receptor long‐term depression at insular cortex inputs to the dorsal striatum
Authors: Munoz Braulio , Fritz Brandon M. , Yin Fuqin , Atwood Brady K.
Published: October 2022

Mu opioid receptors (MORs) are expressed in the dorsal striatum, a brain region that mediates goal‐directed (via the dorsomedial striatum) and habitual (via the dorsolateral striatum, DLS) behaviours. Our previous work indicates that glutamate transmission is depressed when MORs are activated in the dorsal striatum, inducing MOR‐mediated long‐term synaptic depression (MOR‐LTD) or short‐term depression (MOR‐STD), depending on the input. In the DLS, MOR‐LTD is produced by MORs on anterior insular cortex (AIC) inputs and MOR‐STD occurs at thalamic inputs, suggesting input‐specific MOR plasticity mechanisms. Here, we evaluated the mechanisms of induction of MOR‐LTD and MOR‐STD in the DLS using pharmacology and optogenetics combined with patch‐clamp electrophysiology. We found that cAMP/PKA signalling and protein synthesis are necessary for MOR‐LTD expression, similar to previous studies of cannabinoid‐mediated LTD in DLS. MOR‐STD does not utilize these same mechanisms. We also demonstrated that cannabinoid‐LTD occurs at AIC inputs to DLS. However, while cannabinoid‐LTD requires mTOR signalling in DLS, MOR‐LTD does not. We characterized the role of presynaptic HCN1 channels in MOR‐LTD induction as HCN1 channels expressed in AIC are necessary for MOR‐LTD expression in the DLS. These results suggest a mechanism in which MOR activation requires HCN1 to induce MOR‐LTD, suggesting a new target for pharmacological modulation of synaptic plasticity, providing new opportunities to develop novel drugs to treat alcohol and opioid use disorders.

image

Key points

Mu opioid receptor‐mediated long‐term depression at anterior insular cortex inputs to dorsolateral striatum involves presynaptic cAMP/PKA signalling and protein translation, similar to known mechanisms of cannabinoid long‐term depression.

Dorsal striatal cannabinoid long‐term depression also occurs at anterior insular cortex inputs to the dorsolateral striatum. Dorsal striatal cannabinoid long‐term depression requires mTOR signalling, similar to hippocampal cannabinoid long‐term depression, but dorsal striatal mu opioid long‐term depression does not require mTOR signalling.

Mu opioid long‐term depression requires presynaptic HCN1 channels at anterior insular cortex inputs to dorsolateral striatum.
Comparing the effects of social environments and life history traits on sex allocation in a haplodiploid spider mite
Authors: Weerawansha Nuwan , Wang Qiao , He Xiong Z.
Published: October 2022

N/A
More on boundary conditions for warped AdS$$_3$$ in GMG
Authors: Sajadi Seyed Naseh , Hajilou Ali
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we study the Aggarwal, Ciambelli, Detournay, and Somerhausen (ACDS) boundary conditions (Aggarwal et al. in JHEP 22:013, 2020) for Warped AdS$$_3$$

3

(WAdS$$_3$$

3

) in the framework of General Massive Gravity (GMG) in the quadratic ensemble. We construct the phase space, the asymptotic structure, and the asymptotic symmetry algebra. We show that the global surface charges are finite, but not integrable, and also we find the conditions to make them integrable. In addition, to confirm that the phase space has the same symmetries as that of a Warped Conformal Field Theory (WCFT), we compare the bulk entropy of Warped BTZ (WBTZ) black holes with the number of states belonging to a WCFT.
Life of the homogeneous and isotropic universe in dynamical string tension theories
Authors: Guendelman E. I.
Published: October 2022

Cosmological solutions are studied in the context of the modified measure formulation of string theory , then the string tension is a dynamical variable and the string the tension is an additional dynamical degree of freedom and its value is dynamically generated. These tensions are then not universal, rather each string generates its own tension which can have a different value for each of the string world sheets and in an ensemble of strings. The values of the tensions can have a certain dispersion in the ensemble. We consider a new background field that can couple to these strings, the “tension scalar” which is capable of changing locally along the world sheet and then the value of the tension of the string changes accordingly. When many types of strings probing the same region of space are considered this tension scalar is constrained by the requirement of quantum conformal invariance. For the case of two types of strings probing the same region of space with different dynamically generated tensions, there are two different metrics, associated to the different strings. Each of these metrics have to satisfy vacuum Einstein’s equations and the consistency of these two Einstein’s equations determine the tension scalar. The universal metric, common to both strings generically does not satisfy Einstein’s equation . The two string dependent metrics considered here are flat space in Minkowski space and Minkowski space after a special conformal transformation. The limit where the two string tensions are the same is studied, it leads to a well defined solution. If the string tension difference between the two types of strings is very small but finite, the approximately homogeneous and isotropic cosmological solution lasts for a long time, inversely proportional to the string tension difference and then the homogeneity and and isotropy of the cosmological disappears and the solution turns into an expanding braneworld where the strings are confined between two expanding bubbles separated by a very small distance at large times. The same principle is applied to the static end of the universe wall solution that lasts a time inversely proportional to the dispersion of string tensions. This suggest a scenario where quantum fluctuations of the cosmological or static solutions induce the evolution towards braneworld scenarios and decoherence between the different string tension states.
Probing a black-bounce-Reissner–Nordström spacetime with precessing and periodic motion
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xie Yi
Published: October 2022

We investigate the precessing and periodic orbits of a test timelike particle around the black-bounce-Reissner–Nordström spacetime which is characterized by its charge and bounce parameter. Its marginally bound orbit and innermost stable circular orbit are obtained in the exact forms. We pay closely attention to its precessing orbits and find the resulting relativistic periastron advance. We also study its periodic orbits and demonstrate that small variations of the charge and bounce parameter can make the motion jump among the periodic and precessing orbits. In these two kinds of orbits, we find a distinct degeneracy that some specific combinations of the charge and bounce parameters can generate exactly the same orbital motion in the black-bounce-Reissner–Nordström spacetime, which can also mimic those of the Schwarzschild black hole. In order to break such a degeneracy, we make use of the precession of S2 star around Sgr A* detected by GRAVITY together with the shadow diameter of Sgr A* measured by Event Horizon Telescope and find preliminary bounds on the charge and bounce parameter.
Neural Networks for Survival Prediction in Medicine Using Prognostic Factors: A Review and Critical Appraisal
Authors: Kantidakis Georgios , Hazewinkel Audinga-Dea , Fiocco Marta
Published: October 2022

Survival analysis deals with the expected duration of time until one or more events of interest occur. Time to the event of interest may be unobserved, a phenomenon commonly known as right censoring, which renders the analysis of these data challenging. Over the years, machine learning algorithms have been developed and adapted to right-censored data. Neural networks have been repeatedly employed to build clinical prediction models in healthcare with a focus on cancer and cardiology. We present the first ever attempt at a large-scale review of survival neural networks (SNNs) with prognostic factors for clinical prediction in medicine. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the literature (24 studies from 1990 to August 2021, global search in PubMed). Relevant manuscripts are classified as methodological/technical (novel methodology or new theoretical model; 13 studies) or applications (11 studies). We investigate how researchers have used neural networks to fit survival data for prediction. There are two methodological trends: either time is added as part of the input features and a single output node is specified, or multiple output nodes are defined for each time interval. A critical appraisal of model aspects that should be designed and reported more carefully is performed. We identify key characteristics of prediction models (i.e., number of patients/predictors, evaluation measures, calibration), and compare ANN’s predictive performance to the Cox proportional hazards model. The median sample size is 920 patients, and the median number of predictors is 7. Major findings include poor reporting (e.g., regarding missing data, hyperparameters) as well as inaccurate model development/validation. Calibration is neglected in more than half of the studies. Cox models are not developed to their full potential and claims for the performance of SNNs are exaggerated. Light is shed on the current state of art of SNNs in medicine with prognostic factors. Recommendations are made for the reporting of clinical prediction models. Limitations are discussed, and future directions are proposed for researchers who seek to develop existing methodology.
Effect of Risk-Focused Diversified Safety Management Mode in Patients with Major Artery Stent Implantation
Authors: Shao Yan , Wu Cai-Juan , Mao Youjun , Li Dong-Mei , Wang Yun-Zhou , Zhu Kang
Published: October 2022

Background. Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) causes a series of neurological symptoms, such as vertigo, impaired consciousness, limb weakness, ataxia, dysphagia, ocular motility disorders, and visual impairment. With the improvement of people’s living standards, there are higher requirements for nursing care. Nursing, as an indispensable part of medical care, is closely related to achieving the goal of patient’s safety and the overall quality of nurses, quality of care, and nursing management methods. Objective. To explore the effect of risk-centered diversified safety management in patients undergoing aortic stenting. Methods. Eighty patients with cerebral infarction were selected and treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent implantation (PTAS). Then they were divided into a control group (40 cases) with routine monitoring and an experimental group (40 cases) with risk-focused intervention of a diversified safety management model according to the mode of care. Patient satisfaction and blood index test results were compared after the intervention. Results. Patients in the experimental group had 6 falls, 3 bed falls, 3 phlebitis, 4 tube slips, and 10 deep vein thrombosis, all significantly fewer than those in the control group. Thirty-eight patients in the experimental group expressed satisfaction with safe management, which was substantially better than the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The levels of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PA1-1), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the experimental group were (13.5 

±

 1.3) ng/mL, (60.1 

±

 9.9) ng/mL, and (2.1 

±

 0.2), respectively, which were substantially lower than those in the control group ((14.6 

±

 2.4) ng/mL, (64.2 

±

 10.7) ng/mL, and (2.8 

±

 0.3)), respectively (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The risk-centered diversified safety management model can effectively reduce the probability of adverse events in patients, improve patient satisfaction with nursing services, and promote faster postoperative recovery, which has clinical application value.
Effects of Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality in Martial Arts Sports on Students’ Physical and Mental Health
Authors: Li JingGang , Wang XiaoShuang , Wang LiJun , Kang Hyoungkil
Published: October 2022

As a treasure left over from Chinese traditional culture, martial arts have a long history and lasts for a long time. With the country’s promotion and support of martial arts culture, martial arts have also attracted more and more people’s attention. In order to carry forward the martial arts culture, the combination of martial arts and sports has formed a set of martial arts sports suitable for today’s students, such as martial arts aerobics. It is used as a class exercise for students, and basically, every student in the school has learned it and practiced it often. However, with the development of the times, it is difficult for today’s students to arouse students’ enthusiasm for martial arts sports for traditional martial arts sports. Artificial intelligence technology and virtual reality, as products of today’s digital age, attract the attention and use of students with their unique features. This also means that the reform of martial arts sports based on artificial intelligence and virtual reality technology is imperative in order to make more students regain their enthusiasm for martial arts sports. However, the specific impact of artificial intelligence and virtual reality on the physical and mental development of students in martial arts sports is a problem to be confirmed by research. Through in-depth research on artificial intelligence and virtual reality technology, this paper shows that artificial intelligence and virtual reality martial arts sports can increase the lung capacity of boys by about 14% and girls by 16%; the effect on physical fitness can increase the lower body strength of boys by 3% and the flexibility of girls by 30%; as for the impact on mental health, it can be concluded that the emotional and cognitive dimensions of boys and girls have increased by about 19% compared with the previous values.
Activation of TREK1 Channel in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Improves Neuropathic Pain in a Rat Model
Authors: Peng Yuanzhi , Zhang Qingqing , Cheng Hao , Shen Saie , Weng Xiaojian
Published: October 2022

Objective. To explore the biological function and mechanism of TREK1 in neuropathic pain. Thirty-two healthy rats and rats with sciatic nerve chronic press-fitting model (chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve, CCI) were selected. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and patch clamp technique were performed to explore the biological functions of TREK1. The expression of TREK1 was decreased in the CCI model. The TREK1 channel current in the CCI model was decreased. After local administration of TREK1 channel activator in the anterior cingulate cortex area, the pain behavior of CCI rats and the expression of TREK1 protein were reversed. The expression of TREK1 was downregulated in the ACC area of CCI rats and the current of TREK1 was decreased, which played an important role in the regulation of neuropathic pain.
[Retracted] Analysis of the Path and Relationship between Movement‐Style Environmental Governance and Political Potential Energy Integration and Isomorphic Transformation
Authors: Sun Yinglian
Published: October 2022

As a theoretical research framework for analyzing the governance of China, political potential energy is a concept with local discourse characteristics. Political potential energy highlights the comprehensive leadership ability of the Chinese Communist Party in the ruling process. It has profound political and dynamic connotations, and it is reflected in all aspects of the Chinese Communist Party’s governance. The linkage logic between movement‐style environmental governance and political potential energy suggests that the gathering of political potential energy and scientific placement are crucial. Political potential energy needs to be supported by certain rules and systems, and local autonomy must be fully respected. Therefore, by exploring the relationship between movement‐style governance and political potential energy and the path of homogeneous transformation, these issues are worth exploring, which are related to the major theme of national governance capacity and governance system modernization.