bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception of E-service Quality Influence in Higher Education Institutions: A Stakeholder Approach
Authors: Dr. Achhibat Imane  , Lebzar Bouchra
Published: September 2024

This study aims to explore the perception of e-service quality in higher education through the lens of various stakeholders, including students, professors, and administrators. Employing a qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather insights from participants. Analysis of the data revealed several key findings. Students value e-services that provide easy access to resources and personalized support but express dissatisfaction with technical issues and lack of customization. Professors emphasize the importance of user-friendly platforms and efficient communication tools while highlighting concerns about resource adequacy. Administrators recognize the significance of e-service quality in institutional reputation but acknowledge persistent challenges, such as resource limitations. These results highlight the multifaceted nature of e-service quality perception in higher education and underscore the need for continuous improvement efforts to enhance service quality and meet the diverse needs of stakeholders.
Air Quality Implications of Gas Flaring in Communities Prone to Oil and Gas Activities in Rivers State
Authors: Chike, Enyinda  , Ohanuna Chukwudi
Published: September 2024

This study was carried out to assess the air quality implications of gas flaring in selected communities prone to oil and gas activities in Rivers State. The study made use of both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from field measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), suspended particulate matter (SPM), noise levels, wind speed, relative humidity and temperature while secondary data were retrieved from online journals and published articles. The results revealed that the mean concentration of NO2, SO2, H2S and CO ranged from 0.03ppm-0.4ppm, 0.01ppm-0.59ppm, 0.01ppm-0.3ppm and 0.83ppm-11.12ppm respectively.  SPM concentration ranged from 2.06mg/m3-9.76mg/m3 while noise levels ranged from 67.3dBA-71.2dBA. Analysis of meteorological variables revealed that wind speed, relative humidity and temperature ranged from 0.48m/s - l.38m/s, 62.4% - 69.7% and 32.60C - 38.00C, respectively. ANOVA analysis on the variation in air quality parameters and noise levels between the flare site and control site showed a value of 0.00., implying a statistically significant variation in air quality parameters and noise levels between the flare site and control site. Pearson Product Moment Correlation computed for hypothesis 2 revealed that there is no statistically significant relationship between micro-climatic parameters (Temperature, relative humidity, wind speed) and the concentration levels of carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxide (NO2).
Technological Environment and Innovation Performance: A Study from Nigerian Consumer Goods Industry
Authors: Olubodun, I. E.  , Olasanmi, O. O.  , Agbaje, Y. T.  , Adesuyi, I. O.
Published: September 2024

Securing a better innovation performance in the marketplace is necessary for any organization in the 21st century, noting that early adaptation to the technological environment holds greater opportunity for such a company. This study examines the effect of the technological environment on the innovation performance of the Nigerian consumer goods industry. Primary data were collected through purposive sampling technique from six (6) of the most valuable consumer goods companies based on their stock value. The technique was employed to select the required respondents for the study. Out of a population of 3394 middle and senior managers, 358 respondents constituted the study sample, generated using Taro Yamane's formula. Thereafter, a structured questionnaire was administered to elicit data from these crops of individuals. The data collected were analyzed using Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). The overall result of the study indicates that the technological environment has a positive and significant effect on innovation performance in the industry. The findings further expanded the main predictor by showing new technology development (β = 0.286, p <0.05), new production process (β = 0.242, p <0.05) and R & D activity (β = 0.180, p <0.05) as having significant effect on innovation performance. The adjusted R2 of 33% confirms that the technological environment is an important element in the achievement of innovation performance in the industry. The study concludes that a blend of the components of the technological environment promises a greater advantage for companies compared to when they are disaggregated. The implications for research and practice are discussed, and future research opportunities are outlined.
An Investigation of the Effect of the Multiple Taxation on the Survival of the Small and Medium Tourism Business in Zanzibar
Authors: Abdul-Rahim Ali Mussa  , Andi Wijayanto
Published: September 2024

The tourism industry is a vital economic driver in many regions, including Zanzibar. However, due to multiple taxation, Zanzibar's small and medium tourism enterprises (SMTEs) face challenges. These businesses, which dominate the local tourism industry, struggle with increased operational costs, reduced profit margins, and hindered growth due to various taxes and levies imposed by different government levels. This study investigates the effect of multiple taxation on the survival of SMTEs in Zanzibar. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative insights from SMTEs. The quantitative analysis utilizes a dataset of 10 SMTEs, including hotels, tour operators, restaurants, and other tourism-related businesses. The dataset provides information on business types, years in operation, revenue, total tax amount, survival status, profit margins, loans, and tax rates. Qualitative data is gathered through interviews with SMTE owners and managers, providing contextual insights and personal experiences. Preliminary findings indicate that SMEs in Zanzibar face a significant burden of multiple taxations, with tax rates ranging from 19% to 30% of their annual revenue. Several businesses struggle to survive, with low-profit margins and high loan burdens. The qualitative data highlights specific challenges, including compliance costs, institutional conflicts, and the consequences of higher pricing on tourist demand and investment decisions. The research underscores the need for a more supportive regulatory and tax environment to foster the competitiveness and sustainability of these vital enterprises, which are crucial for economic development, employment generation, and sustainable tourism promotion in the region.
Assessment of the Moderating Effect of Earnings Quality on the Relationship between Idiosyncratic Risks and Stock Return Volatility amongst NSE-Quoted Firms in Kenya
Authors: Dr. Nyarikini Caleb Orenge  , Dr.Simon Oluoch Ondiwa
Published: September 2024

Nairobi Securities Exchange has shown a decline in performance for almost a decade now. Statistics reveal that NSE 20 Share Index declined from 5,046 points recorded in the year 2014 to 1,672 points recorded in the year 2022. The cause of volatility in the Bourse is not clear, though past studies have attributed it to idiosyncratic risks, such as capital expenditure, financial gearing, profitability and earnings quality. However, empirical evidence shows conflicting results on the effect of financial gearing and volatility of stock returns. Similarly, past studies on the effect of capital expenditure, profitability and earnings quality on the volatility of stock return have yielded weak relationships. Thus, this study sought to examine the moderating effect of earnings quality on the relationship between Idiosyncratic Risks and Stock Return Volatility amongst NSE-quoted firms in Kenya. Results revealed that earnings quality had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between capital expenditure, financial gearing and profitability on the volatility of stock returns at the NSE (CAPIT:β = 0.224471, p = 0.0000; DCR: β = -0.268377, p = 0.0000; AER: β = 0.101095, p = 0.0000; EPS: β = -0.020479, p = 0.0002; P_E: β = -0.023141, p = 0.0004; ROE: β = -0.061298, p = 0.0254). The findings further indicate that earnings quality has a positive moderating effect on the overall model and the relationship, increasing R2 from 70.8197% to 82.0373%. The study concludes that earnings quality positively moderates the relationship between capital expenditure, financial gearing and profitability on the volatility of stock returns at the NSE. It is recommended that NSE-listed firms should optimize their capital expenditure, use more internal sources of finance and focus more on wealth maximization objectives to reduce the volatility of stock returns. Also, the study recommends that NSE-listed firms should put mechanisms in place to improve their accrual quality to reduce the volatility of returns.
Is Ego a Motivator for Buying Local Foods? A Modified Model of the Theory of Trying
Authors: William Knapp  , Thomas Schrier  , Tianshu Zheng
Published: September 2024

Local food has continued to become more popular in both the home and as featured ingredients in all segments of food service. Numerous studies have explored the motivating factors for consumer purchasing motivators. However, no known study has explored if there is a correlation between ego and intent to buy local foods. This study adopted a modified version of the Theory of Trying and surveyed a sample of 237 food service buying agents in South Carolina to examine their perceptions of buying locally. Results suggest that ego is a predictor of trying to purchase local foods for the restaurant. It was also found that the modified model is an acceptable model for predicting buyer intent. These findings support the majority of the studies looking at ego-centric behaviors with green purchases and could potentially help local food suppliers to better market their products to food service establishments. This study could also act as the foundation for future studies to explore the full extent of ego's motivational effect on purchasing intentions in the food service industry.
Principals’ Intellectual Stimulation Practice: Empowering Adoption of ICT in Teaching and Learning in Kenyan Public Schools
Authors: Beatrice Abisaki Mbune  , Dr. S. N Waweru  , Dr. F. W Njuguna
Published: September 2024

Information communications and Technology were introduced into secondary schools with the goal of giving teachers access to information while encouraging their distinctive and innovative techniques for teaching and learning. Teachers become enthusiastic and committed to their work when given demanding tasks that result in positive educational outcomes. However, it is clear that instructors in Kenya continue to fall behind in this area. Without a grasp of leadership behaviors, ICT integration in Kenya remains a phantom. The study aims to evaluate the principal's intellectual stimulation techniques and the empowering use of ICT in teaching and learning in Kenyan public secondary schools. The study used a sequential explanatory mixed method design and focused on 62 school principals chosen through census, 186 teachers, and 372 students selected using a simple random sample process. Data was collected using MLQ-structured questionnaire interviews, document analysis, and checklists. Descriptive analysis was used to explain the patterns in the data and the status of variables, while inferential analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the variables using regression analysis. The study found a moderately substantial positive correlation between ICT use in school and intellectual stimulation r (108) = 0.534, p < 0.001). It was discovered that principals' actions were a significant predictor of ICT adoption in secondary schools; therefore, principals were recommended to foster a culture of trust among teachers by establishing a welcoming workplace atmosphere. This would encourage instructors to overcome challenges using creative and new approaches, ultimately boosting the usage of ICT in the classroom.
Enhancing Employee Engagement and Participation in Strategic Planning among Public Sectors in Tanzania
Authors: Dr. Kaanaeli Gabriel NNko
Published: September 2024

Engaging employees in the strategic planning process is essential for the successful implementation of strategic objectives in the public sector globally and in Africa in particular. A number of studies have been carried out to rationalise the importance of employees' engagement in the strategic planning process. Nevertheless, there was a scarcity of studies that investigated the strategies used by public organisations to ensure the active participation of employees in the strategic planning process. The current study filled the gap by examining strategies employed by public organisations to ensure the engagement and Participation of employees in the Strategic Planning Among Public Sectors in Tanzania. The study was carried out in Dar-es-Salaam region, Tanzania, involving 20 participants selected through purposive and convenient sampling techniques from public sectors. Interviews were used to collect field data, which were analysed thematically, and the themes emerged. All research ethics principles were observed during data collection, including seeking participation consent from participants and ensuring participants' information is kept confidential. From the analysis, the findings indicated a number of strategies employed by public sectors in Tanzania to ensure the engagement and participation of employees in the strategic planning process. They identified strategies that include participatory workshops, task forces and committees, and training and development. Others are feedback mechanisms and clear communication channels, performance management alignment and incentives, and continuous improvements. The study findings conclude that engagement and participation of employees in the strategic planning process is essential and that the identified strategies used by public sectors in Tanzania create a more inclusive and participatory strategic planning process, leading to better alignment, engagement, and successful implementation of strategic initiatives.
OTIMIZAÇÃO DA LOGISTICA DE TRANSPORTE DA SOJA DO MATOPIBA DESTINADA À EXPORTAÇÃO
Authors: Dos Santos Lopes Harlenn , Cardoso Góes Luis Felipe , Da Silva Lima Renato
Published: September 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo minimizar o custo total de transporte da soja produzida na região do MATOPIBA, destinada à exportação, a partir da proposição e implementação de um modelo matemático baseado em programação linear. O trabalho foi elaborado considerando 11 origens, representadas pelas mesorregiões produtoras de quatro estados: Maranhão Piauí, Tocantins e Bahia, e os dois principais destinos internacionais da soja brasileira: os Portos de Xangai e Hamburgo, considerando rotas via Canal do Panamá e Cabo da Boa Esperança, utilizando 10 portos brasileiros para transbordo. Foram elaborados oito cenários, alterando capacidade dos portos, quantidade ofertada e demandada e rotas internas. Os cenários construídos com maior número de rotas multimodais geraram os menores custos de transporte, sempre indicando a exportação para Xangai através do Cabo da Boa Esperança. Foram realizadas análises de exportações, para os anos de 2017 e 2027, analisando também qualitativamente o comportamento do sistema, no ano de 2024. O estudo também permitiu analisar a utilização dos portos brasileiros a partir de alterações de capacidades, prevendo possíveis investimentos na estrutura de transportes destas regiões.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM PRODUTO DE VESTUÁRIO PARA PESSOAS COM TRANSTORNO DE PROCESSAMENTO SENSORIAL, ESPECIFICAMENTE SENSIBILIDADES À TÊXTEIS E TEXTURAS
Authors: Silva Gilberto do Nascimento da , Câmara Nailton Torres , Freire Aline Gabriel
Published: September 2024

A presente pesquisa aborda a temática do Transtorno de Processamento Sensorial (TPS) no vestuário, uma vez que para a moda os sentidos são de extrema relevância, principalmente, tato e visão, pois proporcionam experiências, satisfação e adesão ao público. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma peça de vestuário com o intuito de proporcionar conforto e satisfação para o público com sensibilidade à têxteis e texturas. Esta é uma pesquisa aplicada, exploratória e qualitativa, conduzida com o auxílio de um formulário online, em que 49 participantes contribuíram no entendimento sobre sensibilidade e conforto em peças de vestuário. O produto construído foi a Camisa Oversized Sensorial Água-viva, desenvolvida e pensada para pessoas com sensibilidade à têxteis e texturas, tendo sido aprovada pelos usuários que participaram do teste de usabilidade. Trata-se de uma camisa feita em tecido 100% algodão, utilizando de uma técnica de costura que evita o contato da mesma com a pele, e com bordado nas mangas que remete aos elementos de uma água-viva, as mangas foram embutidas na peça.  Dentre os resultados, tem-se como melhoria do produto a substituição dos botões convencionais por botões de pressão para facilitar a vestibilidade.
A REPÚBLICA DOS SONHOS, DE NÉLIDA PIÑON: VOZES DISSONANTES QUE (RE)CONSTROEM A HISTÓRIA
Authors: Alós Anselmo Peres , Oliveira Dileane Fagundes de
Published: September 2024

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o romance A república dos sonhos, romance brasileiro escrito por Nélida Piñon e publicado pela primeira vez em 1984. Discutimos alguns aspectos da construção narrativa do texto, com especial atenção aos personagens e às vozes narrativas do texto.
CRIPTOJUDAÍSMO E DIÁSPORA: CLANDESTINIDADE, CICLICIDADE E VIRTUALIDADE
Authors: Fontinha Sandra Cristina dos Santos
Published: September 2024

Enquanto duraram as perseguições inquisitoriais, muitos cristãos-novos abandonaram Portugal, mas o exílio não foi possível para todos, na medida em que várias diretrizes régias os obrigaram a ficar. Durante séculos, muitos dos que ficaram não perderam a sua fé judaica. Pelo contrário, mantiveram as suas práticas na clandestinidade e transmitiram-na às gerações seguintes até ao presente. Partindo dos textos litúrgicos criptojudaicos recolhidos e publicados, em Portugal, por Samuel Schwarz e Barros Basto, na primeira metade do século XX, pretende-se, com este artigo, analisar a conjugação e a interligação de diferentes fatores, que subjazem à condição exílica, de forma a entender se é adequado falar de uma diáspora virtual criptojudaica. Neste sentido, procuraremos perceber de que maneira podem ser associados os conceitos de clandestinidade, ciclicidade e virtualidade às noções de extraterritorialidade, ficção, fusão, heterotopia e exiliência, analisando as suas complexas interconexões, desvelando parte dos meandros do sistema de crenças criptojudaico e trazendo à luz do dia indícios da oculta identidade marrana.
iTEACHERS: A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS RECURSOS DIGITAIS NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES DE HISTÓRIA
Authors: Ribeiro Cláudia Pinto , Dias-Trindade Sara
Published: September 2024

A atenção deste trabalho debruça-se sobre a formação inicial de professores de História, no âmbito do Mestrado em Ensino de História no 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (CEB) e no Ensino Secundário (ES), e, em particular, na importância da unidade curricular “A WEB e o Ensino da História” no plano oficial do ciclo de estudos da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto (FLUP). Neste sentido, procurou-se conhecer o feedback dos estudantes após a frequência desta disciplina, imediatamente após a sua conclusão e avaliar a importância das aprendizagens realizadas nesta unidade curricular nas práticas dos antigos estudantes a partir do momento em que se tornam professores de História do CEB e do ES, em particular nos últimos dois anos letivos. A população deste estudo é constituída por indivíduos que frequentaram a referida unidade curricular entre 2015 e 2021 e que, entretanto, concluíram a sua formação e encontram-se a lecionar. Neste sentido, trata-se de uma população em transição, que colaborou, primeiramente, como estudante e, mais recentemente, como docente. As principais conclusões mostram que a maioria dos participantes revela um elevado grau de satisfação, considerando que as aprendizagens se revelaram de grande utilidade para o exercício da profissão de professor de História.
Use of syringe for atraumatic removal of milia
Authors: Azad M. M. Omer , Agrawal Ishan , Ray Arunima , Azad Darwin
Published: September 2024

Milia extraction, typically done with a needle, risks inflammation and pigmentation from excessive manipulation. Using an insulin syringe needle allows for precise penetration and suction, efficiently extracting cyst contents with minimal skin trauma.
Platelet rich fibrin membrane: An effective biological dressing for the regeneration of lip defects – A case report
Authors: Singh Deepak , Sansgiri Tanvy Subir , Saluja Harish , Shah Seemit Vinod
Published: September 2024

The face is a highly esthetic zone. Any facial injuries if not treated in tiSme can cause disfigurement and have a detrimental effect on the quality of life of the individual. Many studies are done in the field of tissue engineering which involves the application of growth factors to regenerate the lost facial tissues for a better esthetic outcome. Platelet concentrates (PCs) are widely used in the medical field for the regeneration of soft tissue. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a second-generation PC that consists of a fibrin matrix polymerized in a tetra molecular structure that incorporates platelets, leucocytes, cytokines, and circulating stem cells. PRF membrane can be used as a biological dressing over maxillofacial wounds. This case report presents a unique way of regenerating the lost soft tissue of the lip by local application of PRF membranes as a biological dressing.
Role of scheduled repeat CT scan in traumatic brain injuries: A prospective observational study
Authors: Beedkar Saurabh , Prasad G. Lakshmi , Menon Girish
Published: September 2024

Background:

Scheduled CT scan is a routine practice at many centers after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but it has been questioned by few authors. The majority of the studies are reported in mild TBI; however, no specific data exist for the same in moderate and severe TBI.

Methods:

This was a single-center and 1-year prospective study. All cases with TBI who underwent scheduled repeat scans were included in the study. Patients who underwent emergency surgery after first computed tomography (CT) and those who expired before repeat CT were excluded from the study. Data included demographics, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, initial head CT findings, findings of repeat CT, and the need for any intervention (medical/surgical).

Results:

A total of 231 cases were analyzed. The mean time interval for the repeat CT was 7.8 h. One hundred and seventy-one patients underwent scheduled repeat CT (Group 1), 53 patients with GCS >13 were discharged from emergency before the repeat scan (Group 2), and seven cases underwent repeat CT before the scheduled time in view of clinical deterioration (Group 3). The mean age and gender did not vary significantly between the three groups. Mixed lesions predominated in all; however, the proportion significantly differed between groups. In Group 1, two patients required surgery; in Group 3, all patients required a significant change in treatment, whereas none deteriorated or required a repeat scan in Group 2.

Conclusion:

In our study, the yield of routine repeat CT scans requiring surgery was 3.5%. Based on the results of our study and the observations from previous studies, we have proposed a few general working statements regarding indications for repeat CT scans in TBI.
ABOUT MODELING OF EXTENDED OBJECTS
Authors: Реутов В.Г. , Шеломанов Д.А.
Published: September 2024

Рассматривается подход к созданию математических моделей протяженных объектов, с использованием которых могут решаться такие задачи, как математическое моделирование слежения за той или иной целью с использованием оптико-электронной системы, в том числе лазерного локатора, когда парциальный канал приемного устройства оказывается значительно меньше изображения объекта слежения в фокальной плоскости, а также моделирование земной поверхности, которое, например, требуется при рассмотрении навигации по ее рельефу. Рассмотренные в статье математические модели являются важной составляющей более общих моделей излучения объектов, описание которых далеко выходит за рамки тематики данной статьи.

We consider an approach to the creation of mathematical models of extended objects, which can be used to solve such problems, as mathematical modeling of tracking for a particular purpose using an optoelectronic system, including a laser locator, when the partial channel of the receiving device is much smaller than the image of the tracking object in the focal plane, as well as modeling of the earth’s surface, which, for example, is required when considering the navigation along its relief. The mathematical models considered in the article are an important component of the more general models of radiation of objects, the description of which is far beyond the scope of this article.
THE MAIN THEORETICAL PROVISIONS OF THE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMATION SECURITY MEASURES
Authors: Сычев А.М. , Гайфулин В.В. , Зеленцов В.В. , Пономарев М.В. , Тегенцев И.М.
Published: September 2024

Формулируются и доказываются базовые теоретические положения, составляющие методологию оценки характеристик мер обеспечения безопасности информации. Сформулированные положения определяют возможности методологического аппарата оценки характеристик мер обеспечения безопасности информации по научному обоснованию требований к направлениям совершенствования указанных мер.

The basic theoretical provisions that form the methodology for evaluating the characteristics of information security measures are formulated and proved. The formulated provisions determine the capabilities of the methodological apparatus for assessing the characteristics of measures to ensure the security of information on the scientifi c justifi cation of requirements for areas of improvement of these measures.
FLYWHEEL INDICATOR GYROSTABILIZER WITH A LIMITATION IN THE STABILIZATION CHANNEL
Authors: Кулешов А.В. , Фатеев В.В. , Тверская Е.С.
Published: September 2024

Рассматривается возможность построения системы маховичной гироскопической стабилизации с ограничением в канале стабилизации. С помощью метода гармонической линеаризации в статье исследована точность такой системы гироскопической стабилизации и показано, что при правильном выборе параметров гиростабилизатора погрешности такого нелинейного маховичного гиростабилизатора будут лишь незначительно превышать погрешности гиростабилизатора без ограничения в контуре обратной связи.

The article deals with the possibility of constructing a system of fl ywheel gyroscopic stabilization with a limitation in the stabilization channel. With the help of the method of harmonic linearization, the accuracy of such system of gyroscopic stabilization is studied in this paper and it is shown that if the parameters of the gyrostabilizer are correctly chosen, the errors of such nonlinear fl ywheel gyrostabilizer will only slightly exceed the errors of the gyrostabilizer without limitation in the feedback loop.
DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEM SENSOR FAILURES ACCOMMODATION USING NONLINEAR AND PIECEWISE-CONTINUOUS LINEAR MODELS OF NONLINEAR PLANT
Authors: Лейбов Р.Л. , Гуревич О.С.
Published: September 2024

В статье представлена методика расчета среднего времени безотказной работы цифровой системы управления при условии обнаружения, локализации и парирования (компенсации) отказов датчиков с помощью статистической проверки гипотез и набора наблюдателей на основе нелинейной и кусочно-непрерывной линейной моделей объекта управления. Матрицы кусочно-непрерывной модели оцениваются по переходным процессам нелинейной модели методом случайного поиска. Приведены примеры увеличения среднего времени безотказной работы за счет парирования отказов и за счет резервирования датчиков цифровой системы управления авиационного газотурбинного двигателя, а также при использовании полностью независимого резервного гидромеханического регулятора, который включается в работу при полном отказе основной системы.

This paper presents digital control system mean time of failure-free operation calculation technique in a case of sensors failures detection, isolation and accommodation using hypothesis testing and set of Kalman filters based on nonlinear and piecewise-continuous linear models of plant. The matrices of piecewise-continuous linear model are estimated using nonlinear model time responses and random search method. The paper also presents the results of proposed technique application for mean time of failure-free operation growth comparison in the cases of aircraft turbofan engine digital control system sensors failures accommodation, sensors hot redundancy and using of fully independent backup hydromechanical regulator which starts working with a complete failure of the main system.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CONDITION OF DIFFERENT ROADSIDE FOREST PHYTOCENOSIS UNDER THE SAME LOAD OF EMISSIONS OF MOTOR TRANSPORT
Authors: Горбунов Ю.Н. , Волкова О.Д. , Хоциалова Л.И.
Published: September 2024

Представлены результаты сравнительного изучения влияния выбросов автотранспорта на весь комплекс параметров двух разных придорожных лесных фитоценозов (дубняка и березняка), находящихся при одинаковой нагрузке фитотоксичных загрязнителей атмосферного воздуха. Показано, что степень дефолиации является одним из основных показателей оценки состояния лесов. Широколиственный дубовый лес оказался более чувствительным к токсичным выбросам автотранспорта по сравнению с мелколиственным берёзовым лесом. Выявлены и другие диагностические признаки состояния изученных экосистем. Увеличение числа видов макромицетов прослеживается по мере удаления от шоссе как в березовом, так и в дубовом лесу. При изучении состояния покрова эпифитных зелёных мхов на основаниях стволов деревьев на разных расстояниях от трассы наиболее показательной оказалась мощность мохового покрова, выявлена строгая зависимость её величины от расстояния от дороги и, соответственно, от величины нагрузки выбросов автотранспорта. Отсутствие лишайников не всегда может служить сигналом высокой степени загрязнения воздуха – так, в дубняке они полностью отсутствовали даже на большом расстоянии от дороги (дальше 130 м), а в березняке Parmelia sulcata Tayl. была обнаружена уже в 60 м от трассы.

The results of a comparative study of the impact of vehicle emissions on the entire complex of parameters of two different roadside forest phytocenoses (oak and birch), which are under the same load of phytotoxic pollutants of atmospheric air, are presented. It is shown that the degree of defoliation is one of the main indicators for assessing the state of forests. Broadleaved oak forest proved to be more sensitive to toxic emissions of vehicles, in comparison with small-leaved birch forest. Other diagnostic features of the condition of the studied ecosystems were also revealed. The increase in the number of species of macromycetes can be traced as far as the distance from the road in both birch and oak forests. When studying the state of the cover of epiphytic green mosses on the bases of tree trunks at different distances from the track, the thickness of the moss cover proved to be the most indicative, its dependence on the distance from the road and, correspondingly, on the magnitude of the load of motor transport emissions was revealed. The absence of lichens can not always serve as a signal for a high degree of air pollution – so, in the oak forest, they were completely absent even at a great distance from the road (further 130 m), and in the birch forest Parmelia sulcata Tayl. was found already 60 m from the road.
IMPROVEMENT OF ECOLOGICAL AND POWER CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR HEAT EXCHANGERS
Authors: Крюков О.В.
Published: September 2024

Рассмотрены пути совершенствования процессов охлаждения газообразных продуктов в аппаратах воздушного охлаждения при оптимизации механических, аэродинамических и теплотехнических конструктивов, а также новых структур и алгоритмов управления электроприводами вентиляторов Предложены методы снижения эксплуатационных издержек за счёт уменьшения энергетической составляющей при оптимизации распределения нагрузки нескольких теплообменников. Обоснована необходимость применения частотно-регулируемого электропривода вентиляторов при изменении параметров воздуха.

Ways of improvement of processes of cooling of gaseous products in air coolers by optimization of mechanical, aerodynamic and heat technical constructs are considered and also new structures and control algorithms of electric drives of fans methods of decrease in operational expenses, due to reduction of a power component by optimization of distribution of loading of several heat exchangers are offered. Need of use of the frequency and adjustable electric drive of fans at change of parameters of air is proved.
METALLIC HYDROGEN IS A REMARKABLE ACHIEVEMENT OF PHYSICS OF HIGH PRESSURE
Authors: Ильин В.А. , Кудрявцев В.В.
Published: September 2024

Приведены основные положения зонной теории твердых тел, позволяющей объяснить действие высоких давлений на структуру кристаллических веществ (например, твердого ксенона и йода). Рассмотрены физические основы и конструкции наковален Бриджмена, алмазных наковален, с помощью которых получают высокие давления в лабораторных условиях. При этом рассказано о физико-механических свойствах алмаза, разновидностях алмазов, способах их огранки. Обсуждаются достижения физики высоких давлений – синтез алмазов, исследования фазовых переходов, полиморфизм льда, проблема металлического водорода, применение высоких давлений в геофизике и планетологии.

The basic principles of band structure theory which allow to explain the effect of high pressure on the structure of crystals (e.g. solid xenon, iodine) are given. The physical statements and constructions of Bridgman anvils, diamond anvils are described. These instruments are used to obtain high pressure in the laboratory conditions. The physicochemical properties, types and methods of faceting of diamonds are told. The achievements of physics of high pressure (synthesis of diamonds, research of transitions, polymorphism of ice, the problem of metallic hydrogen, the usage of high pressure in geophysics and planetology) are discussed.
«LIFE FAR FROM THE MOTHERLAND». THE 120th ANNIVERSARY OF GEORGE FEDOROVICH PRONIN
Authors: Фандо Р.А.
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена биографии русского ученого-эмигранта Георгия Федоровича Пронина. В его судьбе переплелись социальные и политические события первой половины XX столетия: Первая и Вторая мировые войны, противостояние между красными и белыми, эмиграция из России, экономический кризис в Европе. В статье приводятся малоизвестные факты из жизни ученого. Во время гражданской войны он сражался против большевиков, после крупных поражений белой армии вынужден был бежать сначала в Константинополь, а затем в Прагу. В Чехословакии он получил высшее образование по специальности инженер лесного хозяйства, параллельно посещал лекции в Русском народном университете. В юношеские годы Г.Ф. Пронин стал увлекаться энтомологией, затем его хобби переросло в профессию. Он занимался изучением насекомых в Научно-исследовательском институте лесного хозяйства (Прага), на Станции защиты растений (Луцк), Энтомологической станции (Лодзь). В 1945 г. вместе с семьей попал в лагерь для перемещенных лиц. Только в 1951 г. Г.Ф. Пронину удалось выехать в США, где он до конца своих дней проработал в Энтомологическом отделении Калифорнийской академии наук. Он занимался вопросами прикладной энтомологии, в том числе защитой лесных и сельскохозяйственных угодий от насекомых-вредителей, разработкой методик выращивания редких видов бабочек и ускорения их метаморфоза.

The article is devoted to biography of Russian scientists-emigrant George Fedorovich Pronin. The social and political events was intertwined in his life in the fi rst half of the 20th century: the First and Second World Wars, the confrontation between the Reds and Whites, emigration from Russia, the economic crisis in Europe. The article contains little-known facts from the life of the scientist. During the civil war, he fought against the Bolsheviks, after major defeats of the white army was forced to fl ee fi rst to Constantinople, and then to Prague. In Czechoslovakia, he graduated with a degree in forestry engineer, attended lectures at the Russian People's University in parallel. In his youth G.F. Pronin began to get involved in entomology, then his hobby grew into a profession. He studied insects at the Forest Research Institute (Prague), Plant Protection Station (Lutsk), Entomological Station (Lodz). In 1945, together with his family, he was sent to a camp for displaced persons. Only in 1951 G.F. Pronin managed to leave for the United States, where he worked until the end of his days at the Entomological Department of the California Academy of Sciences. He dealt with applied entomology, including the protection of forest and agricultural land from insect pests, the development of techniques for growing rare species of butterflies and accelerating their metamorphosis.
STAGES OF FORMATION OF THE P.A. REHBINDER SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL
Authors: Тептерева Г.А. , Шавшукова С.Ю. , Удалова Е.А. , Конесев В.Г.
Published: September 2024

Рассмотрены вопросы становления научной школы выдающегося советского ученого, основоположника физико-химической механики, физических основ химии дисперсных систем и поверхностных явлений Петра Александровича Ребиндера. Выделены аспекты, характеризующих научные и социальные сложности формирования теории Ребиндера о понижении энергии поверхности вследствие адсорбционных явлений на границе раздела фаз, что составляет физическую основу «эффекта Ребиндера». Рассмотрены противоречия в научных взглядах на вопросы адсорбционного понижения механических характеристик твердых тел. Приведены результаты решения народнохозяйственных задач, связанных с использованием поверхностно-активных веществ, что на практике подтвердило верность положений теории Ребиндера. Показана ведущая роль научной школы П.А. Ребиндера в становлении физико-химической механики.

The article discusses the formation of the scientifi c school of the prominent Soviet scientist, the founder of physical and chemical mechanics, the physical foundations of chemistry of disperse systems and surface phenomena P. A. Rehbinder. The aspects characterizing the scientific and social difficulties of formation of the Rehbinder theory about the surface energy decrease due to adsorption phenomena on the phase interface, which forms the physical basis of the Rehbinder effect, are discussed. The contradictions in scientifi c views on the adsorption lowering of the mechanical characteristics of solids are considered. The results of the solution of economic problems associated with the use of surfactants are presented, which in practice confi rmed the correctness of the provisions of the Rehbinder theory. The leading role of P.A. Rehbinder scientific school in the formation of physic and chemical mechanics is shown.
Linear nanomeasuring holographic encoder
Authors: ТУРУХАНО Б.Г. , ТУРУХАНО Н. , ДОБЫРН В.В. , ЕРМОЛЕНКО О.Г. , ХАНОВ С.Н. , КОНСТАНТИНОВ Л.А. , ВИЛКОВ Е.А. , ЛАДАТКО И.В. , ЛАВРОВ Ю.М. , СИНЕЛЬЩИКОВА Р.П.
Published: September 2024

В статье подробно рассматриваются конструктивные особенности и работа линейного наноизмертельного датчика голографического (ЛНДГ). В ЛНДГ в качестве измерительного элемента используется ультрапрецизионная линейная голографическая дифракционная решетка (ЛГДР) с шагом 1мкм [1] и автономная стеклянная направляющая приклеенная к ней под углом 90° [2]. Приведен конкретный пример конструкции головки датчика, автономной направляющей и блока схемы управления датчиком. Датчик предназначен для установки на прецизионном оборудовании и на станках с ЧПУ. Длина датчика 1 метра.

The article deals in detail with the design features and operation of the linear nanomeasuring encoder holographic (LNEH). In LNEH, the ultraprecision linear holographic diffraction grating of (LHDG) with a step of 1 μm [1] and an independent glass guide glued with it at an angle of 90 °[2] is used as a measuring element. A concrete example of the design of the encoder head, an autonomous guide and a block of the encoder control circuit are given. The encoder is designed for installation on precision equipment and on CNC machines. The length of the encoder is up to 1 meter.
Identifying Green Solvent Mixtures for Bioproduct Separation Using Bayesian Experimental Design
Authors: Qin Shiyi , Omolabake Surajudeen , Diaby Aminata , Li Jianping , Gonzalez Leonardo , Holland Christopher , Zavala Victor , Stahl Shannon , Van Lehn Reid
Published: September 2024

Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is a widely used technique for the separation and purification of liquid-phase products with applications in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, and renewable chemistry. A critical step in the design of a LLE process is the selection of appropriate solvents. This study presents a new methodology for identifying solvent mixtures for bioproduct separation using Bayesian Experimental Design (BED). Motivated by the need for environmentally-friendly and effective separation methods, we address the challenge of selecting solvent systems that balance separation efficiency, selectivity, and environmental impact, while also tackling the difficulty of separating multiple bioproducts using complex solvent systems. Our approach specifically seeks to predict product partition coefficients as thermodynamic parameters underlying solvent selection. The iterative approach integrates Bayesian optimization with experimental measurements to guide solvent selection, and leverages COSMO-RS simulations to enhance high-throughput experimentation. Using the design of solvent systems for the separation of lignin-derived aromatic products via centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) as a case study, we show that within seven iterations/cycles of the methodology, we can identify new mixtures of green solvents that align with CPC design principles. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the BED framework in optimizing green solvent systems for complex separations, highlighting the potential of this method to advance the field of green chemistry and contribute to the development of sustainable industrial processes.
Broadband CARS hyperspectral classification of single leukemia cells
Authors: Muddiman Ryan , Harkin Sarah , Butler Marion , Hennelly Bryan
Published: September 2024

Broadband CARS is a coherent Raman scattering technique that provides access to the full biological vibrational spectrum within milliseconds, facilitating the recording of widefield hyperspectral Raman images. In this work, BCARS hyperspectral images of two different unstained leukemic blood cells were recorded and analysed using multivariate statistical algorithms in order to determine the spectral differences between the species. A classifier was trained, which could distinguish the known cells with a 97 % out-of-bag accuracy. The classifier was then applied to unlabelled samples containing a mixture of the two cell types on the same coverslip. This work demonstrates the effective label-free high-throughput single-cell analysis of blood using BCARS. A key feature of this work is the use of an image-based deep-learning cell segmentation algorithm that enables the spectra recorded within a given cell boundary to be integrated producing a high quality single cell spectrum for classification.
Green Synthesis of Morpholines via Selective Monoalkylation of Amines
Authors: Ortiz Kacey , Brusoe Andrew , An Jason , Chong Eugene , Wu Lifen
Published: September 2024

Morpholines are common heterocycles in pharmaceutical and agricultural products, yet methods to synthesize them from 1,2-amino alcohols are inefficient. We report the simple, high yielding, one or two-step, redox neutral protocol using inexpensive reagents (ethylene sulfate and tBuOK) for the conversion of 1,2-amino alcohols to morpholines. Key to this methodology is the identification of general conditions that allow for the clean isolation of monoalkylation products derived from a simple SN2 reaction between an amine and ethylene sulfate. Experiments suggest that the degree of selectivity is dependent upon the structure of reacting 1,2-amino alcohol as well as the unique properties of ethylene sulfate. This method can be used for the synthesis of a variety of morpholines containing substituents at various positions, including 28 examples derived from primary amines and multiple examples contained in known active pharmaceutical ingredients. We have conducted multiple examples on >50 g scale. We have also demonstrated the formal synthesis of a morpholine from a simple primary amine using ethylene sulfate. Overall, while this new methodology has many environmental and safety benefits relative to the traditional methods used to prepare morpholines from 1,2-amino alcohols the most striking feature is the facile selective monoalkylation of a variety of primary amines. We have also explored various reactions beyond those related to the synthesis of morpholines, including obtaining proof-of-principle that ethylene sulfate can be used for the synthesis of piperazines and as a 2-carbon electrophile for fragment couplings.
Dimolybdenum paddlewheel complexes with cation binding sites as electrolyte additives to manipulate the solid-electrolyte interphase at lithium metal anodes
Authors: Gersib Simon , Askins Erik , Li Matthew , Subasinghe Supundrika , Behera Biki , McElheny Dan , Son Seoung-Bum , Amine Khalil , Glusac Ksenija , Mankad Neal
Published: September 2024

Use of electrolyte additives at mM loadings to control the surface chemistry of lithium metal anodes (LMAs) is a leading strategy to improve safety, efficiency, and reliability of lithium metal batteries and promote various types of electrosynthetic reactions. Whereas previous studies employed either inorganic or organic additives, in this study we report the first organometallic additive, Mo2(mea)4 [1, mea = 2-(2- methoxyethoxy)acetate], a dimolybdenum paddlewheel complex that is stable under Li plating conditions. Unlike more classically used crown ether additives, complex 1 features cation binding sites in the second coordination sphere that promote reversible Li+ coordination. Furthermore, binding of Li+ ions to 1 induces aggregation of cationically charged coordination oligomers/polymers that assemble at the LMA surface due to electrostatic attraction. Upon surface immobilization and incorporation into the solid- electrolyte interphase (SEI), the additive serves multiple beneficial functions. It was found to protect the LMA against parasitic side reactions by chemical passivation, produce modest but measurable improvements to Li plating properties (e.g. overpotential, surface structure, Coulombic efficiency), and modulate the composition and thickness of the SEI. The latter effect translates to significantly decreased resistance in battery settings due to improved interfacial charge transport properties. The most notable benefit to battery cycling performance comes from calendar aging tests, which show that the presence of the additive protects the LMA from parasitic side reactions that would otherwise decrease overall cell cycling efficiency Collectively, these data disclose a new tactic for designing electrolyte additives using principles of organometallic synthesis.