bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International and European standards of regulation of the institute of whistleblowers
Authors: Horobets N.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to clarifying the peculiarities of the international and European standards of regulation of the institute of whistleblowers. It was found that whistleblowers play an important role in detecting violations that can cause significant damage to society, accordingly, international and European standards protect not only the right of every person to disclose information of public interest, but also the rights of persons who report such information ( whistleblowers). It has been established that the concept of «whistleblower» is most widely interpreted by Directive 2019/1937 of the EU and the Council of the EU on the protection of persons who report violations of Union legislation. It was determined that the standards for the protection of the rights of whistleblowers, but only in the field of corruption, are contained in the UN Convention against Corruption, the Criminal Convention on the Fight against Corruption, the Civil Convention on the Fight against Corruption, among them, in particular, the duty of the states that have joined them to determine the competent authority(ies) for reporting whistleblowers and the ability to provide them with the protection they need. At the same time, attention is focused on the fact that EU Directive 2019/1937, in contrast to the mentioned acts, more broadly defines the standards for the protection of whistleblower rights, in particular: it extends its effect simultaneously to the private and public sectors, provides for the protection of not only persons who report violations, but also of persons who contributed to such a report, relatives, colleagues of whistleblowers, etc., as well as persons who suffered from false reports of whistleblowers, which minimizes abuse of the latter’s status (protection). The essential role of the ECtHR’s practice in establishing standards for the regulation of the whistleblower institute is emphasized. It was found out that the ECtHR determines the very concept of «exposure» as one of the manifestations of freedom of expression, which is guaranteed by Article 10 of the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and provides for adequate protection for whistleblowers from arbitrary interference in the exercise of this freedom and retaliation for the consequences of its exercise . Analysis of the practice of the ECtHR shows that the court is gradually expanding the standards of protection of whistleblowers, emphasizing their role in exposing violations in various areas and protecting public interests.
Unilateral acts of states in the international legal system
Authors: Kovaliv M.V. , Yesimov S.S.
Published: October 2024

The article examines unilateral acts of states in the international legal system based on a complex systemic analysis. The methodological basis was the dialectical method, which made it possible to understand the essence of international legal obligations of states in inseparable unity and general connection. The relevance of the study is determined by the trends inherent in modern international law. First, with the development of information technologies, and especially with the development of forms of information transmission, the sphere of activity of states is transformed. An increasing number of interested persons knows their positions on a wide range of international legal issues. On the one hand, it simplifies the process of identifying the state’s position when its analysis is necessary for international legal qualification. On the other hand, in such a situation, the possibilities for interpreting the behavior of a specific state from the point of view of its agreement or disagreement with a certain legal situation expand. In the practice of international relations, there is an expansion of the system of sources of international law. The study of these sources is necessary for understanding the foundations of international law, solving specific international problems and increasing the effectiveness of international cooperation. As the practice of international jurisdictional bodies accumulated, the subject of study of which was unilateral acts of states, the research emphasis shifted from establishing the essence of unilateral acts to assessing their relationship with the sources of international law. It is noted that unilateral acts play an important independent role in the modern international system, which is characterized by both fragmentation and growing globalization. Modern means of communication have made it possible to make unilateral acts one of the most frequently used tools of state interaction. The appropriateness and necessity of the development of the legal regime of unilateral acts is emphasized and substantiated. Unilateral acts of states are recognized as independent additional sources of international law capable of generating international legal norms, and they can be found in the «sources» section of many leading international legal documents.
The military ombudsman as an institutional guarantee for the protection of military personnel rights (based on foreign experience)
Authors: Martseliak O.V.
Published: October 2024

The article draws attention to the fact that today, in the conditions of Russian aggression, the state of compliance with the rights of domestic servicemen has significantly deteriorated, which requires the improvement of the constitutional and legal tools for their protection. The foreign experience of developed democratic countries in solving the problem of effectively ensuring the rights of the military through the introduction of specialized ombudsmen in the affairs of the armed forces is analyzed. The legal nature of military ombudsmen as specialized human rights institutions that have proven themselves positively in a number of states, the history of their introduction, and the positive consequences of their functioning are studied. Considerable attention in the work is devoted to the models of specialized ombudsmen in the affairs of the armed forces: a) regarding their legislative recognition and regulation of legal status (at the level of the country’s constitution, law or by-law); b) places in the structure of state power (parliamentary and executive); c) models that are structurally part of the armed forces; are not part of the armed forces, but are authorized to deal exclusively with military issues and ombudsmen of general competence, in which the function of protecting the rights of military personnel is provided for by law; d) individual ombudsmen and collegial ombudsman services; e) various models of ombudsmen in the affairs of the armed forces, depending on the scope and specificity of their powers. It was concluded that for Ukraine in the conditions of war, the introduction of the institute of the military ombudsman is not just timely, it is extremely necessary. The emergence of this institution, on the one hand, will complement the existing means of protecting the constitutional rights and freedoms of the military, on the other hand, it will contribute to the maintenance of their faith in justice, which will generally neutralize the wary attitude of military personnel towards the authorities, and mitigate conflicts between the state, its bodies, and the military. The military ombudsman, exercising his supervisory and human rights powers, will not only contribute to the effective protection of the rights of the military, but also mitigate the contradictions between the state and civil spheres, promote the democratization of the national military sphere, which under his influence should become more responsive to needs and requests of military personnel, which will ultimately guarantee the “democratization” of the military bureaucracy, which, thanks to his activities, will show more attention, sympathy and concern for military personnel.
Competitiveness of domestic educational services on the international market
Authors: Furmanenko I.R.
Published: October 2024

It is indicated that Ukraine, as a country that has a large number of effective educational institutions that educate leading specialists in their field, who are currently using their knowledge in projects around the world, should be in the top list of countries for exporting educational services in the world. With the beginning of the anti-terrorist operation in 2014, as well as with the beginning of full-scale military operations in 2022, the development of the export of educational services in Ukraine decreased, and therefore the place of Ukrainian educational services in the international market of educational services decreased as well. The corresponding state of affairs implies the need to develop mechanisms and ways to increase the level of competitiveness of Ukraine in the international market of educational services, which is relevant and requires research. It was noted that on the way to European integration, Ukraine adheres to a number of international standards, actively develops its economy, in particular, in the field of education.
The scientific article is devoted to the study of issues of competitiveness of domestic educational services on the international market. The place of domestic educational services in the international market and the dynamics of the development of domestic educational services in the international market are determined. The particularities of the obstacles that currently do not allow the proper development of Ukrainian educational services on the international market of educational services are given. The reasons that stimulate the development of domestic educational services and stimulate the strengthening of the position of domestic educational services on the international market are determined. Features, general characteristics and risks of competitiveness of domestic services and factors influencing the competitiveness of services are determined. The features of the competitiveness of domestic educational services are given, as well as the dynamics of the corresponding competitiveness before and during the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine. The impact of martial law on the development of the competitiveness of domestic educational services is determined; the negative impact of martial law on the competitiveness of domestic educational services and ways to improve the situation are highlighted.
M&A contracts in Ukraine: legal regulation and the mechanism of their conclusion
Authors: Novikova Y.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of legal regulation of M&A contracts and mechanisms of their conclusion in Ukraine as a generally accepted way of business scaling. The author establishes that, according to the current regulatory provisions, M&A contracts may be embodied in the following ways: reorganisation procedures of mergers and acquisitions; establishment of control over an enterprise by acquiring a share in the authorised capital or shares of a company; asset deal, as well as a loan agreement with an alternative obligation within the Diia City legal regime. The author stated the diversity of legislation on reorganisation in the form of mergers and acquisitions - the detailed, step-by-step, European-compliant regulation of mergers and acquisitions of joint stock companies contrasts with fragmented and scattered legislation on reorganisation of other types of business entities. It has been emphasised that despite the complexity and resource­consuming nature of reorganisation in the form of mergers and acquisitions, business entities use these procedures due to their inherent universal succession, which in turn leads to tax-neutral consequences of the changes.
The author additionally argues that negotiability relates to the share in the authorised capital of a company, and not to corporate rights. Based on the analysis of the legislative framework and law enforcement practice, the author establishes that an alienation agreement of a share in the authorised capital may be: concluded with both company members and third parties; with or without consideration; concluded only in respect of a paid share (at the same time, the legislative prohibition on alienation of unpaid shares in an LLC is aimed at protecting the legitimate interests of other persons, not company members who have not paid for the share); concluded both orally and in writing. The author outlines the regulatory peculiarities of acquiring a significant and controlling shareholding in joint stock companies.
The author systematises the types of contracts which are asset deals by their very nature. It has been substantiated the expediency of transferring debts as a part of a single property complex to its acquirer.
The article examines the legal regulation of loan agreements with alternative obligations, which are in essence analogous to the convertible loan mechanism common abroad. The author emphasises that despite the principle of freedom of contract, a loan agreement with an alternative obligation cannot be used outside the legal regime of the Diia City. It was concluded that it is necessary to regulate in more detail the conclusion of such an agreement; the variables used in calculating the creditor’s share; the rights and obligations of the creditor and the debtor.
Guarantees of Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities as a Component of Official Legal Status
Authors: Pylypenko P.D. , Burak V.Ya.
Published: October 2024

The article explores and characterises the legislative guarantees of social protection for persons with disabilities among military personnel and individuals discharged from military service. It analyses national labour and social legislation regarding special pension programmes, employ­ment, social payments/assistance, and social services available in our country for persons with disabilities. The content of specific guarantees for military personnel and those equated to them, as determined by their service status, is highlighted, as emphasised by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in its decisions. It is noted that such guarantees for individuals serving in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations apply not only during their service period but also after discharge. Based on the analysed normative acts, it is concluded that the issue of guaranteeing social protection for persons with disabilities, as a component of their special service status, can only be considered with the presence of proper legal confirmation of the impact of service-military activities on the person’s health. It is established that if a former military service member is recognised as a person with a disability due to a disease that arose after discharge from military or equivalent service, the causal link between such a disease and their past service activities must be established. It is emphasised that the legislator also defines additional special conditions for the onset of disability as a component of the grounds for receiving certain types of social protection. One of the conditions is the determination of the time frame for establishing disability after discharge from military service. It is emphasised that the use of time criteria as legal conditions for acquiring the right to social protection violates the constitutional principles of equality in the right to social protection and justice in society. Based on the analysis of the mechanism for providing employment-related social services to persons with disabilities discharged from military and equivalent service, it is concluded that this mechanism is imperfect and not adapted to the current realities in the country. The need to develop a social services system in Ukraine is stressed, one that, on the one hand, ensures effective socialisation and professional orientation for those discharged from military service due to disability, and on the other hand, takes into account the specific conditions under which the disability was acquired. A drawback in this system is highlighted - the lack of a mechanism to involve employers in the process of socialisation and professional adaptation of the individual. It is noted that merely legislating the obligation to create jobs for persons with disabilities is an insufficient measure for facilitating the professional and social rehabilitation of individuals. Proposed are appropriate amendments to the legislation on the social protection of persons with disabilities.
Regulatory and legal regulation of the process of formation of administrative authorities and management in Subcarpathian Rus (Transcarpathia) in 1919–1926
Authors: Hrin O.
Published: October 2024

It is indicated that the proper functioning of local executive power, the creation of an optimal system of local executive power bodies should ensure effective influence on the development of each region, especially the cross-border region. It is generally accepted that local bodies of executive power implement the functions of the state, which are close to the population. In Ukraine, a new people-centered model of activity of public administration subjects is being formed.
The article examines the process of formation of administrative authorities and management in Subcarpathian Rus (Transcarpathia) during the first half of the 20s of the 20th century. It was established that the process of forming the structure of state administration in Subcarpathia began already at the beginning of 1919, and in the summer of the same year, several projects of the organization of government in the region were already developed in Prague. On the basis of the General Statute, the model of relations within the local government between the Directory, the administrator and the military leadership during 1919-1920 was analyzed. The formation of abstract departments at the Civil Administration, which was headed by an administrator, is briefly described. The importance of the changes introduced by the government decree No. 356/1920 «On amending the General Statute of Subcarpathian Rus» was revealed, according to which the functions and powers were radically redistributed in favor of the bodies that represented the central government in the region. The theory of the creation of two branches of administrative management in relation to the competence of the Civil Administration of Subcarpathian Rus is presented: autonomous institutions and institutions of the state. The description of the gubernatorial council as an advisory body under the governor is provided. It was noted that the new General Statute, in terms of the norms governing the activities of the vice-governor and the gubernatorial council, went beyond the Constitution of the Czechoslovak Republic. It is proved that the administrative reorganization in Czechoslovakia in 1925 and especially in 1927 only distanced Subcarpathian Rus from real autonomy, since the process of further centralization and unification of power and administration took place throughout the territory of the republic. Appropriate conclusions have been drawn regarding the retention and gradual incorporation (integration) of the region into the all-Czechoslovak legal system.
Legal aspects of ensuring state Security of Ukraine with the help of artificial intelligence in the light of the experience of the Olympic Games in Paris 2024
Authors: Diorditsa I. , Daragan O. , Soloviov A.
Published: October 2024

In this article, the authors research the legal aspects of ensuring the State security of Ukraine with the help of artificial intelligence, taking into account the experience of the Olympic Games in Paris in 2024. The relevance of the research is due to the growing challenges to the use of artificial intelligence in public life and the need to respect the right to privacy. It is established that after lengthy discussions, the technology of face recognition using artificial intelligence was not introduced at the Olympic Games in Paris. It is substantiated that the main areas for improving the current regulatory framework in Ukraine for the use of artificial intelligence and ensuring the privacy of citizens and avoiding possible human rights violations are as follows: in the context of the introduction of face recognition technology, it is important to have detailed rules governing the scope and application of measures, as well as reliable safeguards against the risk of abuse and arbitrariness (the need for legal safeguards is much greater when it comes to the use of real-time face recognition technology); the processing of personal data in the application of face recognition technology must be justified and require a high level of justification; the use of face recognition technology for forensic identification of suspects. It is proved that when identifying real threats to the state security of Ukraine at the present stage in the context of the possible introduction of face recognition technology, it is important to have detailed rules governing the scope and application of measures, as well as reliable guarantees against the risk of abuse and arbitrariness. The inevitable need for legal guarantees for the implementation and protection of citizens’ privacy, especially when it comes to the use of real-time face recognition technology, is derived from the content of the State Security Strategy.
Information technology and its role in the activities of judicial institutions
Authors: Dubovyk O.V.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the definition of the month and the role of information technology in the activities of judicial authorities. It is established that information technology is a set of methods and tools designed for effective work with information. Regardless of how technologies change or how they are used in various spheres of public life, their main purpose remains unchanged - to ensure the collection, processing, accumulation and use of information.
It is substantiated that the integrated use of information technologies in the administration of justice is considered to be one of the key elements of a significant improvement of the functioning of the judicial system of Ukraine. The possibility of online access to court registers, information on the stages of court proceedings, and electronic exchange of legal documents are just a few examples which have become possible due to the introduction of information technology into the work of domestic courts. This type of technology can be used to increase the transparency and accountability of the judiciary, thereby helping it to perform its functions and duties in a more efficient manner. Modern technologies allow judges and court staff to access large electronic databases, including case law and regulations, which greatly simplifies and speeds up the decision-making process. The ability to use e-mail and other digital communication tools has ensured efficiency and convenience in the exchange of information between all participants in the judicial process. Another important achievement is that citizens can now apply to the court electronically, making justice more accessible and convenient. This innovation reduces barriers to going to court, speeds up the process of submitting documents and allows participants in the proceedings to track their progress in real time. Thus, information technology not only facilitates the work of courts, but also makes justice more transparent, accessible and efficient, which ultimately increases public confidence in the judicial system as a whole. The use of information technology together with the Internet has opened up the judicial system to the public.
Basic approaches to understanding the objectives of administrative law
Authors: Kantor N.Yu.
Published: October 2024

On the basis of a generalization of those dominant viewpoints on objectives of administrative law that are developed within Ukrainian administrative legal science, the author determined that they are united by the recognition of the following to be objectives of administrative law: (1) specifying and ensuring the implementation of human rights and freedoms in the public-legal sphere through the introduction of mechanisms administrative legal regulation and protection in the public administration domain; (2) determination of the standards for the exercise of public management functions by administrative authorities and the provision of administrative services by them, as well as the establishment and improvement of substantive and procedural tools for activities of administrative authorities, including the means of legal protection against violations on their part as well as mechanisms of civil control over their activities.
According to the outcomes of the study of approaches to understanding of the tasks of administrative law in world scientific community, the article notes that according to the national tradition of the common law countries, which was adopted by many states that represent the civil law legal tradition, the fundamental objective of administrative law is recognized to be the determination of optimal (from the point of view of the rule of law and good governance) limits of the margin of appreciation of administrative authorities and providing private individuals with legal protection against abuse of administrative power. Moreover, it is particularly noticeable that a special emphasis is placed on guaranteeing the transparency and accountability of administrative authorities to civil society. Less important is the task of administrative law, which consists in establishing the principles, substantive rules and procedures for the performance of administrative functions by government authorities, as well as the accumulation in administrative practice and judicial case-law of the potential for increasing the effectiveness of administrative law.
Priority threats to the economic security system of Ukraine in wartime conditions: conceptual views on their nature and typology
Authors: Kiiashko Yu.M.
Published: October 2024

The presented scientific study is devoted to the issues of seeing priority threats to the system of economic security of Ukraine in wartime conditions. It is emphasized and proven that the existing spectrum of threats to the economic security component, in practice, has undergone significant changes in terms of complexity and realism, as well as quantity, as a result of radical transformations in the middle of the country and the action of a number of external factors.
Attention was drawn and the essence of the original term «threat», which forms the basis of the definitions in official circulation, was revealed. The conditions that should be considered threatening from the point of view of a typical worldview of security are defined and meaningfully characterized.
Attention is focused on the concept of «threats to the economic security system of Ukraine», which is a legislative guideline for other aspects in this area. Its indisputable importance and value for law-making and law-enforcement activities is emphasized.
It was found that such threats represent a large cohort of phenomena, processes, trends and factors of various origins, to which the state and society must respond effectively. It has been proven that the lack of a proper reaction, including in the case of inefficient use of personnel potential and other resource provision, is accompanied by the appearance of significant risks for Ukraine’s defense capability.
It has been established that the national economic interests of Ukraine play a significant role in the identification and typology of priority threats to the analyzed security component. Taking into account the views of famous scientists and current legislation, the category of the same name was analyzed in detail.
On the basis of the above, a typology of urgent main current threats to the system of economic security of Ukraine is proposed. Attention was drawn to the fact that the successful solution of tasks in these aspects will form a favorable basis for effective prevention and countermeasures against other factors of economic destruction. It was noted that there is an absolute need for systematic work in all the represented directions, based on considerations of the specifics of the named factors, including their destructive impact on all components of Ukraine’s national security.
Foreign experience of administrative and legal regulation of discretionary powers in the branch of land relations
Authors: Lavrenko A.I.
Published: October 2024

The article collects and analyzes approaches to understanding and conditions of application and implementation of discretionary powers of local self-government bodies in the sphere of land relations of foreign states. The realities of modern life require public authorities not only to timely and fully fulfill their tasks, but also to comply with high standards of integrity. The described tasks and goals are especially important in the implementation of discretionary rights and duties that can be carried out with a certain freedom of action or at all - at their own discretion.
The scientific novelty of the study is that this study in the context of the application of administrative discretion of representative and executive bodies of local self-government is carried out for the first time and can be the basis for reviewing the content of national legislation on these issues and significantly influence the development of legal policy on these issues.
The author analyzes the existing normative legal acts that are used by municipalities in different states to exercise their administrative functions at their own discretion on this issue. The study concerns both general approaches to understanding administrative discretion, which often takes place through the adoption of legislation on administrative procedure (their principles, legal certainty and purpose), and the options for their application to the sphere of land relations. The article describes the legal regulation of these phenomena in countries such as Italy, Spain, Germany, Austria, USA, France, Great Britain, Norway, Albania, Finland, Bulgaria, establishes patterns, trends and common features of legal regulation, speaks of successful practices, successful experience and prospects for its adoption into the national legal system.
The author focuses on the trends in the development of administrative discretion and the importance of digitalization, openness, dialogue and public participation in resolving issues of land relations and concludes on the state of legal certainty of powers, which can be exercised at the discretion of municipalities only by describing the general requirements for the behavior of the latter, to a lesser or greater extent limits the freedom of their operation by law and always grants the right to interested persons to challenge decisions made that affect the sphere of their interests.
"Urgency" and "emergency" in the system of law-making proccess: conceptual and categorical dimension
Authors: Chapliuk O.I.
Published: October 2024

It is indicated that the course of events at the global and regional levels of social development during recent years is difficult to characterize unambiguously from the standpoint of purely positive or negative aspects. However, it can be unequivocally noted that modern socio-political processes at the global and regional levels have a particularly sensitive effect on legal phenomena and processes.
In the article, the author focuses on the relevance of the study of the conceptual and categorical foundations of the categories «urgency» and «emergency» and the peculiarities of their manifestation within the framework of law­making process. According to the author of the article, the achievement of the above is due to the need to carry out a comprehensive and conceptual analysis through the prism of scientific views and approaches of scientists.
Attention was drawn to the fact that in connection with numerous factors of a subjective and objective nature, in particular, the duration of the war on the territory of Ukraine, the spread of the SARS- CoV-2 virus, the development of technologies, especially in the information field, the issues of new mechanisms for the development and adoption of the system are being updated normative legal acts taking into account the existing requirements and realities of the modern state of development of society, law and the state. Analysis of doctrinal approaches to this issue will provide clarification of the conceptual and categorical aspects of the relevant legal categories. It is substantiated that in cognitive terms it is expedient to analyze these legal categories through the prism of scientific views and concepts, which will allow generalizing their properties and improving their definitions. The content of the work includes a doctrinal analysis of the concepts of «urgency» and «emergency» as special legal categories. It was concluded that the categories «emergency» and «urgency» within the framework of law-making have a high level of relevance; require thorough, comprehensive scientific research within the framework of legal theory; are characterized by the presence of a common purpose, essential differences.
Aleksandrov's problem and Pogorelov's method for hyperbolic manifolds
Authors: Verner A.L. , Antipova L.A.
Published: October 2024

For hyperbolic manifolds a single the relation of a broken line with vertices on the given rays and a given rotation volume, the existence of a broken line with vertices on the given rays and given turns, etc. are proving. One affirms that if in the three-dimensional Lobachevsky space an orientable polyhedral surface with smooth metric and edge, which consists of the geodesic cycles ℎ1, ℎ2, ..., ℎ𝑘, then this surface can be smoothly extended by tapes 𝑣1, 𝑣2, ..., 𝑣𝑘, for which vertex curvaturesof of the outer edges are given.
Order relations are Ubiquitously fundamental: Alexandrov(-Zeeman) theorem Extended from space-time physics to logical reasoning and decision making
Authors: Kreinovich Vladik , Kosheleva Olga , Bokati Laxman , Berrout Laura
Published: October 2024

In all areas of human activity, there are natural ordering relations: causality in space-time physics, preference in decision making, and logical inference in reasoning. In space-time physics, a 1950 theorem by A.D. Alexandrov proved that causality relation is fundamental: many other features, including numerical characteristics of time and space, can be reconstructed from this relation. In this paper, we provide simple proofs that, similarly, the corresponding ordering relations are fundamental in decision making and in logical reasoning.
Time machine and grandfather paradox
Authors: Guts A.K.
Published: October 2024

The questions of the operation of the Go¨del time machine are discussed. The problem of the eternity of past events and a probabilistic nature of past events are considered.
Analogues of the Gauss-Alexandrov theorem for uniform oriented Nonconvex polyhedra with convex faces
Authors: Antipova L.A.
Published: October 2024

The paper defines the spherical image of a polyhedral angle of a uniform oriented nonconvex polyhedron, introduces the concept of curvature of realization of such an angle and proves the theorem about the equality of the area of the spherical image of a polyhedral angle with the feature ”fold” to its realization curvature.
Physical trajectories are smooth, with velocities at least as continuous as Brownian motion
Authors: Kosheleva Olga , Kreinovich Vladik
Published: October 2024

The fact that the kinetic energy of a particle cannot exceed its overall energy implies that the velocity - i.e. the derivative of the trajectory - should be bounded. This means, in effect, that all the trajectories are differentiable (smooth). However, at first glance, there seems to be no direct requirement that the velocities continuously depend on time. In this paper, we show that the properties of electromagnetic field necessitate that the velocities are continuous functions of time - moreover, that they are at least as continuous as the Brownian motion.
Numerical simulation of currents in rising swirling flows using a difference scheme
Authors: Bautin S.P. , Kononov S.N. , Levunina E.S.
Published: October 2024

The paper proposes a variant of solving by the numerical method one gas-dynamic problem posed in the monograph [1]. The proposed complete system of Navier-Stokes equations in cylindrical coordinates using central finite differences is represented by an explicit difference scheme. A software implementation of the account for the known exact solution of the system has been created. The task of parallelizing actions for processing a model on cluster systems is set, which is necessary to reduce the computation time.
Analysis of the characteristics of wind farms and weather conditions affecting energy generation
Authors: Gorshenin A.Y. , Blokhin A.V. , Shchuka I.O.
Published: October 2024

The characteristics of wind power plants as sources of renewable energy are investigated. The main types of wind power plants, differing in design parameters and operating modes, are considered. Design features of wind power plants are considered. The shortcomings of wind energy are revealed. The issue of wind power generation variability is investigated based on wind power generation data. Graphs of data on power generation and meteorological conditions are obtained, and the relationship between them is revealed. Correlation dependence coefficients are calculated.
Software products for solving problems of modeling (optimal control) of opposing objects involved in a conflict situation
Authors: Terent'eva O.A.
Published: October 2024

In the article an analysis of software products developed by the authors for computer experiments conducted with conflicting technical systems is presented. Software products can be used to solve a wide range of confrontation problems not only for technical systems, but also for systems of a different physical nature,for example in research in the field of forest fire protection.
WHY rejuvenation attempts often lead to cancer and WHY cyclic rejuvenation is better: a simple qualitative explanation
Authors: Kosheleva Olga , Kreinovich Vladik
Published: October 2024

Since the 1960s, biologists have shown that, contrary to the previous belief that ageing is irreversible, many undesirable biological effects of ageing can be reversed. First attempts to perform this reversal on living creatures were not fully successful: while mice achieved some rejuvenation, many of these rejuvenated mice developed cancer. Later experiments showed that these cancers can be avoided if we apply cyclic rejuvenation: a short period of rejuvenation followed by a longer pause. This modified strategy led to recent successes of mice that recovered their age-deteriorated vision and mice that recovered their heart tissue after a heart attack. However, why rejuvenation attempts often lead to cancer and why cyclic rejuvenation is better remained largely a mystery. In this paper, we provide a simple qualitative explanation of these two phenomena.
“The Worker's Family - to the Club”: Organization of Family Workers' Free Time in the Context of the Soviet Leisure Policy of the 1920s - the First Half of the 1930s
Authors: Sidorchuk Ilya V. , Ulyanova Svetlana B.
Published: October 2024

The family policy of the Bolsheviks finds itself in the focus of attention of researchers studying the project of creating a “new” Soviet man, the sphere of private life, gender relations and other subjects of the history of early Soviet society. The purpose of the article is to analyze the cultural and educational and propaganda mass work on the organization of leisure of family workers in the 1920s - the first half of the 1930s. The source basis of the research was made up of published and archival materials, which show the main directions of this work, problems, and achievements. To solve the tasks stated in the study, an appeal was made to a wide range of concrete historical methods. Among them historical-comparative, historical-typological, synchronistic, historical periodization and problem-chronological methods were involved. The provisions and methods of historical anthropology and cross-cultural studies were actively used in the study. The use of the methodology of the new social history made it possible to conduct a multifaceted analysis of the phenomenon of leisure (its connection with everyday life, leisure practices, gender and age characteristics, etc.), to explore leisure as a social institution and related power relations in the context of everyday practices of various historical actors. As a result, the authors concluded that the nature and content of leisure practices of family workers were determined by the prevailing “semi-open” family structure. The release of family leisure outside the home circle contributed to its politicization, the establishment of control over the private lives of people by the authorities. The range of leisure forms for family workers, as well as their popularity, directly depended on the enthusiasm and professionalism of the organizers, as well as the financial capabilities of the trade unions, which guaranteed the availability of props, furniture, inventory and suitable premises. The situation was complicated by the lack of a consistent and comprehensive family policy, which has not yet received a clear and uncontested direction. Family workers were offered a certain strategy aimed at spending their free time more intelligently and culturally, but it was difficult to implement in conditions of preserving financial and personnel problems, as well as the strength of traditional attitudes and values.
From Second Class Researchers to Postgraduates: The Training of Medieval Scholars in Leningrad (1920s - 1930s)
Authors: Skvortsov Artyom M.
Published: October 2024

This article is based on unpublished materials from the collections of A.E. Presnyakov (St. Petersburg History Institute RAS Archive), I.M. Grevs (St. Petersburg Branch of RAS Archive), and O.A. Dobiash-Rozhdestvenskaya (Manuscripts Department of the Russian National Library). Despite the revolutionary events of 1917 and the abolition of academic degrees and ranks in 1918, the Medievalist training system established at the I.M. Grevs School worked and yielded results throughout the 1920s and 1930s. Medievalists were first concentrated in the Historical Institute at Petrograd University, then in the Leningrad branch of the RANION Institute of History, and finally, from 1934, in the Department of Medieval History at Leningrad University. The new institutions were adapting previous procedures for the education of scholars to the changed conditions, while the content of the training remained unchanged and focused on mastering the methods and techniques of historical research, the study of sources and the range of auxiliary historical disciplines. This was achieved through participation in seminars on reading and commenting on medieval sources (usually on the history of Florence in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries), and by making reports on highly specialist subjects. Young researchers continued to see the debate (necessary to obtain the right to teach on universities) as a means of self-realisation and self-presentation, a way of entering science, especially in a situation where there was virtually no possibility of publication.
Chromatographic Profiling of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Extracts for Phytochemical Characterization
Authors:   Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia, Nadhirah Zamani Nurul Adlina , Abdul Wahab Ibtisam , Mohsin Hannis Fadzillah
Published: October 2024

Ziziphus mauritiana, commonly known as Chinese date, Ber, and Indian jujube, belongs to the Rhamnaceae family and is native to Southeast Asia. Although it has been naturalized in tropical regions from South Africa to the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent, its phytochemical profile remains underexplored. A comprehensive phytochemical profiling and standardization of extract can be achieved by TLC and HPLC analysis. The study involves the development of improved chromatographic methods for the analysis of local Z. mauritiana leaves, including selection of the mobile phase type, gradient elution method and temperature, which are all potential HPLC parameters that may affect the result of analysis. The leaves were subjected to extraction through maceration utilizing methanol and hexane. The results indicated a percentage yield of 7.28% for hexane and 18.98% for methanol. TLC investigations were conducted using the crude extracts obtained, employing a dual mobile phase system (ethyl acetate: chloroform = 6:4) for the methanol extract and hexane:acetone (6:4) for the hexane extract, respectively. Both systems exhibited successful separation of phytochemicals. The methanol extract was subjected to HPLC profiling in accordance with the established protocols. Naringin was determined to be present through qualitative HPLC screening. Phytochemicals present in the leaves of Z. mauritiana are identified as a result of this research, which also sheds light on the optimal parameters for TLC and HPLC analyses. This research may also provide valuable insight regarding the importance of quality control and formulation of herbal medicines from the standardized extract.
The Effectiveness of Combined Prebiotic and Postbiotic Moisturiser as an Adjuvant Therapy in Improving Maskne
Authors:   Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Al-Sultan Abdullah, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Bandar Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohd Azhar Mohd Nurrul Azam
Published: October 2024

Personal protective equipment (PPE) has become the new social norm as part of COVID-19 protection since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, but it has had an impact on the skin barrier, particularly the face. Maskne refers to acne eruptions around the facemask area. The combination of friction, repeated pressure, sweat, or stress on the skin from wearing the mask results in acne or exacerbates pre-existing acne. This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of a combined prebiotic and postbiotic moisturiser (CPPM) as an adjuvant therapy for improving maskne. This was a double-blind randomised control trial with systematic random sampling of 1:1 to receive either CPPM or placebo moisturisers. From December 2022 to May 2023, patients diagnosed with maskne at the Dermatology Clinic, Hospital Al-Sultan Abdullah, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia were studied. Subjects were assessed at baseline, week 2 and 4 after the application of moisturisers, using modified global acne grading system (mGAGS) and Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) score. A total of 150 patients completed the study. Using the mGAGS score, compared to baseline, the mean score reduction was statistically significant at week 4 [5.33 (±4.06) vs 1.13 (±4.33); p< 0.001] in the CPPM arm compared to the placebo arm. In terms of CADI score, compared to baseline, there was also a significant reduction in mean score at week 4 [2.23 (±2.53) vs 0.55 (±2.59); p< 0.001] in the CPPM arm compared to the placebo arm. This study found that using CPPM as an adjuvant moisturiser improved maskne significantly.