bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Impact of Household Tourism Consumption Based on Multilevel Structural Equation Model
Authors: Zhang Ping , Cao Kaijun
Published: February 2022

With the development of the social economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, tourism has become one of the important lifestyles of families. Family tourism is a new trend that will have no small impact on further developing tourism and boosting domestic demand. With tourism activities booming today, family tourism consumption is an area worthy of study. This study examines household tourism consumption using a hierarchical structural equation model to explore the factors influencing the latent variables of income structure, household, and regional characteristics of consumption structure. Further combining these potential variables and their influences, the formation and change of consumption structure were explored using hierarchical structural equation modeling. This is of academic value and theoretical significance in refining the application of the hierarchical structural equation model and enriching the use of latent variable factor analysis in consumption structure research. Finally, based on the characteristics of family tourism consumption and the problems of family tourism, some suggestions are made for the development of tourism.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Immunomodulatory Effects and Potential Applications in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Hu Shaojun , Xing Hongyuan , Zhang Jiangnan , Zhu Zemin , Yin Ying , Zhang Ning , Qi Yiying
Published: February 2022

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degenerative disease is a common health problem worldwide. Administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has been widely explored in recent years. However, transplantation of MSCs is restricted by several factors. Currently, paracrine signaling is one of the main mechanisms by which MSCs play a therapeutic role in disc regeneration. Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are the main paracrine products of MSCs. They show great potential as an effective alternative to MSCs and play immunomodulation roles such as anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidative stress, antiapoptosis, and antiextracellular matrix (ECM) degradation during treatment of IVDD. This review focuses on the immunomodulatory effect of MSC EVs and their potential applications.
Traditional Chinese Medicine for HIV-Associated Acute Herpes Zoster: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Jiang Yue , Zheng Ruo-Xiang , Yu Ze-Yu , Zhang Xiao-Wen , Li Jing , Lan Hui-Di , Qiao Shu-Yu , Han Mei , Cao Hui-Juan , Robinson Nicola , Liu Jian-Ping
Published: February 2022

Background. Herpes zoster (HZ) is a common infection in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used widely in clinical practice for HZ, which remains not supportive of evidence. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TCM in treating HIV-associated HZ. Methods. Nine electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing TCM in treating HIV-associated HZ. Data were extracted on citations, interventions, and outcomes, by two authors independently. For the quality evaluation, Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 2.0 was used. Meta-analyses were performed by Revman5.3 software. Effect estimation presented as risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous data and mean difference (MD) for continuous data with their 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. Twelve RCTs (n = 644) were included; the majority of them had a high or unclear risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed that pain intensity (VAS 0–5) in the Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) group was lower than it in the drugs group (MD = −0.87, 95% CI [−1.69, −0.04], two trials, n = 93). Duration of herpes-related pain (days) of patients in the combination group was shorter than those in the drugs group (MD = −9.19, 95% CI [−16.73, −1.65], n = 144). The incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in the combination group was lower than in the drugs group (RR = 0.49, 95% CI [0.25, 0.99], n = 202). As for cure rate (complete absence of pain and herpes), two trials showed that CHM was better than drugs (RR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.13, 2.22], n = 93), five trials showed combination treatment was better than drugs (RR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.08, 1.82], n = 224). The cure rate in the acupuncture group was more than that in the drugs group (RR = 1.99, 95% CI [1.18, 3.36], n = 120). Four trials reported adverse effects and found no serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion. CHM and acupuncture demonstrate more benefits than drugs in pain relief, cure rate improvement, and incidence reduction of PHN. However, given the data limitation and TCM therapies’ diversity, the conclusions need to be verified in future trials.
Taxonomical Investigation, Chemical Composition, Traditional Use in Medicine, and Pharmacological Activities of Boswellia sacra Flueck
Authors: Miran Mansour , Amirshahrokhi Keyvan , Ajanii Yousef , Zadali Reza , Rutter Maxwell W. , Enayati Ayesheh , Movahedzadeh Farahnaz
Published: February 2022

Aromatic oleo-gum-resin secreted from B. sacra, reputed as frankincense, is widely used in traditional medicine to treat Alzheimer’s disease, gastric disorders, hepatic disorders, etc. Frankincense is also used in the cosmetic, perfume, and beverage and food industries. Frankincense is a rich resource for bioactive compounds, especially boswellic acids and derivatives. Although several reports have described frankincense’s constituents and pharmacological activities, there is no comprehensive study that covers the valuable information on this species. Therefore, the current review will focus on the phytochemistry, traditional uses, and pharmacological activities of B. sacra.
Oleanane and Stigmasterol-Type Triterpenoid Derivatives from the Stem Bark of Albizia gummifera and Their Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Ayele Tamrat Tesfaye , Gurmessa Getahun Tadesse , Abdissa Zelalam , Kenasa Girmaye , Abdissa Negera
Published: February 2022

Chromatographic separation of methanol extract of stem bark of Albizia gummifera led to the isolation of two oleanane-type triterpenoids (1 and 2), a stigmasterol derivative (3), and stigmasterol (4). The structures of the compounds were elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data and comparing with reported literature values. The crude extract and the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against five bacterial strains. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 showed marginal antibacterial activity with the growth inhibition zone ranging from 6.8 to 13.2 mm against the tested bacterial strains, with compounds 2 and 4 showing significant inhibition (13.0 and 13.2 mm) against S. flexneri and S. typhimurium, respectively. While, the standard drug, gentamycin showed inhibition zone 20.0 and 24.0 mm against S. flexneri and S. typhimurium, respectively.
Novel Motor‐Sparing Ultrasound‐Guided Neural Injection in Severe Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Comparison of Four Injectates
Authors: Wu Yung-Tsan , Lam King Hei Stanley , Lai Chia-Ying , Chen Si-Ru , Shen Yu-Ping , Su Yu-Chi , Li Tsung-Ying , Wu Chueh-Hung
Published: February 2022

Nerve hydrodissection uses fluid injection under pressure to selectively separate nerves from areas of suspected entrapment; this procedure is increasingly viewed as potentially useful in treating carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The usage of normal saline (NS), 5% dextrose water (D5W), platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), and hyaluronic acid (HA) as primary injectates for hydrodissection without an anesthetic can limit anesthetic‐related toxicity and preserve the motor functions of the median nerve. Here, we describe a novel motor‐sparing neural injection and compare the effect of these four injectates for severe CTS. We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of 61 severe CTS cases after a single neural injection with NS, D5W, PRP, or HA. Outcomes were evaluated on the 1st and 6th months postinjection, including the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) scores and the nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA). The results revealed that PRP, D5W, and HA were more efficient than NS at all measured time points (p < 0.05), except for CSA at the 1st month between the NS and D5W groups. Single‐injections of PRP and D5W seemed more effective than that of HA within 6 months postinjection for symptom and functional improvement (6th‐month BCTQ‐symptom, D5W vs. HA, p = 0.047; 1st‐month BCTQ‐symptom, PRP vs. HA, p = 0.018; 1st‐ and 6th‐month BCTQ‐function, D5W vs. HA, p = 0.002 and 0.016, respectively; 1st‐month BCTQ‐function, PRP vs. HA, p < 0.001). For reducing CSA, PRP and HA seemed more effective than D5W (HA > PRP > D5W on the 1st month and HA vs. D5W, p = 0.001; PRP > HA > D5W on the 6th month and PRP vs. D5W, p = 0.012).
Application of Data Mining in the Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on the Rehabilitation of Cerebral Spasticity of Lower Extremity Exercise Energy
Authors: Du Jing , Liu Yiran
Published: February 2022

In this article, we have examined the effect of acupoint injection of mecobalamin on the nerve function of the lower limbs of stroke patients by giving acupoint injection of mecobalamin for 2 weeks in patients with stroke, effectively fusing acupuncture, acupoints, and drugs in traditional Chinese medicine to rehabilitate the effect of motor function and activities of daily living. For this purpose, a total of 60 study cases will be screened in the study. They are randomly divided into experimental group and control group: the control group will be treated with conventional stroke treatment and nursing, and the experimental group will be treated with bilateral acupoint injection of mecobalamin; once a day, after 14 days of continuous injection, we observed and intervened the lower limb nerve function, motor function, and activities of daily living of the two groups before and after the treatment and statistically analyzed the data so as to obtain the clinical effect of the treatment on the lower limb rehabilitation of stroke patients. Before the intervention, the general information and basic clinical data of the two groups of subjects were collected for baseline comparison, and the differences between the two groups of subjects’ lower limb nerve function, motor function and activities of daily living before the intervention were compared. Comparison of lower limb neurological deficits mainly include comparison between groups and comparison within groups. Comparison of lower limb motor function mainly include comparison between groups and comparison within groups. (1) Acupoint injection of mecobalamin therapy and simple stroke rehabilitation therapy have good results. (2) Acupoint injection of mecobalamin can improve the neurological deficits of the lower limbs of stroke patients more than simple conventional stroke therapy, and it also has a rehabilitation effect in nourishing the nerves, improving circulation, and protecting the brain. (3) Point-injection mecobalamin therapy is more effective than conventional stroke therapy in improving the motor function of the lower limbs and promoting the rehabilitation of the lower limbs of patients with ischemic stroke. (4) Acupoint injection of mecobalamin therapy can improve the activities of daily living of patients with ischemic stroke and improve the quality of life of patients compared with conventional stroke therapy alone.
Bone Safety Profile of Steroidal Aromatase Inhibitor in Comparison to Nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitors in Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Bo Lan , Lv Dan , Ma Fei
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) provide an alternative to tamoxifen as an adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal patients with breast cancer (BC). Large trials resulted better outcomes with AIs. Adjuvant therapy with AIs reduced the risk of relapse compared with tamoxifen. Systemic therapies for BC can interfere with bone turnover, either by affecting gonadal steroid hormone production or by inhibiting peripheral aromatization into estrogen. We aimed to evaluate the safety profile of bone-related events by comparing 3 AIs with tamoxifen and a placebo. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were used for network meta-analyses (NMAs). Searches were performed using PubMed, Embase/Medline, Cochrane, and Ovid databases. Randomized controlled trials comparing tamoxifen and placebo or other AIs to steroidal or nonsteroidal AIs in patients with BC reporting bone-related safety events were included in NMA. NMA in a Bayesian approach was performed using R software (ver 3.2), Gemtc package. Results: Seventeen studies reporting 4 different bone-related endpoints were included. Although there was no statistical significance, treatment with exemestane lowered the incidence of bone pain (odds ratio [OR] vs. anastrozole and letrozole: 0.63, 0.54), fracture episodes (OR vs. anastrozole and letrozole: 0.84, 0.80), and osteoporosis (OR vs. anastrozole and letrozole: 0.85, 0.73) compared with letrozole and anastrozole. Reduction in bone mineral density was lesser in exemestane than in anastrozole (mean reduction in hip: 1.05; lumbar spine: 1.25). Treatment ranking with the surface under the cumulative ranking curve showed that exemestane was found to reduce the incidence of bone-related adverse events. Conclusion: A lower incidence of bone-related safety events was observed in patients treated with exemestane.
КОРЕЛЯЦІЙНИЙ АНАЛІЗ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ СКЛАДАННЯ ІСПИТУ «КРОК»
Authors: Луценко О. А. , Сидоренко А. Г. , Луценко Р. В.
Published: February 2022

У статті встановлено фактори, що впливають на успішність складання ліцензованих інтегрованих іспитів «Крок 1. Загальна лікарська підготовка» і «Крок 2. Загальна лікарська підготовка» у здобувачів освіти медичного факультету № 1 Української медичної стоматологічної академії, що вступили до ЗВО у 2013 р. Встановлено, що у всій сукупності студентів % ЗНО рівною мірою кореляційно залежав від усіх 3 предметів. Показано першочергову значимість таких трьох освітніх компонентів з циклу загальнонаукових дисциплін, як патологічна анатомія, патологічна фізіологія, фармакологія, в успішному складанні «Крок 2. Загальна лікарська підготовка». При цьому інші фундаментальні дисципліни, які входять до складу тестового екзамену «Крок 1», мали меншу вагомість для успішного складання «Крок 2». Це демонструє, що для засвоєння професійно-орієнтованих дисциплін має немале значення рівень знань з основних фундаментальних дисциплін, а саме патологічної фізіології, патологічної анатомії і фармакології. Серед професійно-орієнтованих дисциплін, що входять до складу «Крок 2», найбільше кореляцій налічував терапевтичний профіль, який міцно корелював з усіма предметами в межах «Крок 2» і патологічною анатомією, патологічною фізіологією та фармакологією. Хірургічний профіль вірогідно корелював з акушерством та гінекологією і педіатричним профілем. При цьому гiгiєна та органiзацiя охорони здоров’я не утворювала сильних кореляційних звʼязків із предметами, що входять до складу «Крок 1». Рівень оволодіння професійно-орієнтованими дисциплінами залежить один від одного, окрім гiгiєни та органiзацiї охорони здоров’я.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE INTERACTIVE LECTURE IN THE STUDY OF “METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH WORK” ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE IN THE PROCESS OF BACHELOR NURSES TRAINING
Authors: Kosenko V. M.
Published: February 2022

In this article is presented the significance and importance of the interactive lecture in the study of “Methodology of Research Work” academic discipline by the future bachelor nurses. It is indicated that the increasing educational needs of the higher education seekers direct and guide the instructors of the higher educational establishments to use and introduce new forms and methods of study. It is emphasized that presentation of finished theoretical material by the instructor is the least efficient way to perceive and remember new information. The processes of remembering can be positively influenced through the attraction of the higher education seekers to active interaction. The positive point of the “lecturer-student” cooperation is a constant extending of the range of opinions, among which it is necessary to choose the most rational. Learning by doing is the best way for comprehension of the most complicated theoretical material. Application of the interactive technologies is analyzed with specific reference related to the conduct of a lecture session in the study of “Methodology of Research Work” academic discipline. The article lists structural constituents, describes advantages and factors affecting the retention of auditory material in virtue of the interactive technologies. It is indicated that the instructor should use the time allotted for classes with maximum effect for the student, given the reduction in the number of class hours. The interactive lecture organically combines methodological, didactic and educational functions and creates the optimal conditions for the constant activation of the cognitive activity of the higher education seekers, allowing to realize the creative potential and provide each student with the opportunity to become the main subject of study, see and independently evaluate the diversity of opinions and approaches when solving important for further professional activities tasks. The realities of our time require the improvement of methodological and professional competence of the instructors of the higher educational establishments.
ІНТЕНСИФІКАЦІЯ СУЧАСНОГО ОСВІТНЬОГО ПРОЦЕСУ ЯК ФАКТОР ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО, НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ТА ЕМОЦІЙНОГО НАПРУЖЕННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ
Authors: Гевкалюк Н. О. , Крупей В. Я. , Скочило О. В.
Published: February 2022

У підготовці лікарів нової генерації сьогодні основний акцент робиться як на засвоєнні студентами знань, вмінь, навичок, формуванні професійної компетентності, так і на формуванні гармонійних, усебічно розвинутих особистостей, які мають позитивні, комфортні стосунки з соціумом. Ускладнення програми навчання, широке використання технічних засобів у сучасному освітньому процесі, інтенсифікація навчання, збільшення кількості інформації та підвищення вимог до якості навчання зумовлюють закономірне збільшення інтелектуального, навчального та нервово-психічного навантаження. Тривалий вплив інформаційних перенавантажень знаходить своє негативне відображення не лише на фізичному самопочутті людини, але й на її психологічному функціонуванні. У студентському віці молодь володіє великими можливостями для напруженої розумової праці, цей період є заключним етапом вікового розвитку психофізіологічних і рухових можливостей організму. Адаптацію студентів до навчання у закладі вищої освіти – одну з фундаментальних міждисциплінарних наукових проблем – необхідно розглядати як динамічний, багатосторонній і комплексний процес, що став предметом особливої уваги педагогів, психологів, медиків. Унаслідок емоційної нестабільності, стресових ситуацій, що призводять до неврологічних та рухових розладів, згідно з нейрогенною теорією, часто виникає бруксизм, чому сприяють і різноманітні відхилення в будові та функціях зубощелепної системи. Мета дослідження полягає в оцінці нервово-емоційного напруження студентів у період екзаменаційної сесії та виявленні відхилень, пов’язаних із психоемоційним станом студентів, у функціях зубощелепної системи. Ми провели клінічне стоматологічне обстеження за загальноприйнятими методиками 165 студентів віком від 20 до 25 років на кафедрі дитячої стоматології Тернопільського національного медичного університету імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України. Для встановлення типу темпераменту було проведено анкетування за опитувальником Г. Айзенка; для встановлення психоемоційного стану – анкетування з використанням опитувальника Г. Айзенка та PS шкал Міннесотського багатомірного особистісного опитувальника; для оцінки особистісної шкали проявів тривоги – опитувальник I. Teylor. Діагностику наявності та оцінку ступеня вираженості бруксизму здійснювали за допомогою BruxChecker®. Ми застосували алгоритм вибору оптимального методу лікування, направленого на усунення етіологічного фактора – психоемоційної нестабільності з урахуванням психофізіологічних особливостей конкретного випадку та стоматологічне лікування відхилень у функціях зубощелепної системи. Проведені нами дослідження доводять ефективність лікування бруксизму у випадку діагностичного визначення превалюючого етіологічного фактора та впливу саме на нього, що приводить до нормалізації всіх інших факторів.
ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ВИВЧЕННЯ ХІРУРГІЧНИХ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ НА КАФЕДРІ ОПЕРАТИВНОЇ ХІРУРГІЇ ТА КЛІНІЧНОЇ АНАТОМІЇ
Authors: Процайло О. М. , Гнатюк М. С. , Коноваленко С. О. , Ясіновський О. Б.
Published: February 2022

У статті висвітлено вплив маркування хірургічного інструментарію різними кольорами для засвоєння розділу навчаль­ного матеріалу, присвяченого хірургічним інструментам. Для зʼясування впливу маркування хірургічного інструментарію різними кольорами проведено педагогічний експеримент, де досліджували ефективність вказаного методу щодо засвоєння розділу навчального матеріалу клінічної анатомії та оперативної хірургії, де представлені хірургічні інструменти. В результаті проведеного дослідження встановлено, що кольорове маркування інструментів для розʼєднання тканин, зупинки кровотечі, допоміжного інструментарію та інструментів для зʼєднання тканин дозволяє найоптимальніше опанувати їх назви, призначення, позиції утримування та правила користування ними. Подальше дослідження впливу маркування хірургічного інструментарію різними кольорами на його засвоєння та опанування дозволить покращити подачу і викладення навчального матеріалу для студентів медичних факультетів.
САМОСТІЙНА РОБОТА СТУДЕНТА ЯК ОСНОВА ВИХОВАННЯ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ЛІКАРЯ-СТОМАТОЛОГА
Authors: Посоленик Л. Я.
Published: February 2022

В умовах зростаючої конкуренції на ринку освітніх послуг  провідним фактором, який впливає на розвиток вищої медичної освіти в Україні, є вдосконалення якості підготовки лікарів. Основним його завданням  є підготовка фахівців, спроможних успішно конкурувати на вітчизняному та європейському ринку послуг. Інтеграція до європейського науково-освітнього простору спонукає до впровадження новітніх норм і стандартів в освітній процес України та орієнтує заклади вищої освіти на високо мотивовану особу, що прагне саморозвитку, здатну самостійно поповнювати й оновлювати знання, вести самостійний пошук додаткового матеріалу, творчо ставитися до виконання навчальних завдань.
Збільшення частки самостійної роботи студентів стало основним елементом розвитку та вдосконалення якості сучасної вищої медичної освіти і свідчить про відхід від пасивної ідеології навчання («нехай мене навчать»). Для реалізації більш досконалих стандартів освітньої діяльності саме така реорганізація дозволяє підготувати майбутнього лікаря, який здатний до професійного зростання, має відчуття соціальної та корпоративної відповідальності, вміє приймати рішення у складних життєвих та виробничих випадках і є конкурентоспроможним на вітчизняному та європейському ринку послуг.
Для забезпечення якісного виконання студентами поставлених завдань: позааудиторної, аудиторної, творчої самостійної роботи та максимального покращення їх вмотивованості на кафедрі дитячої стоматології Тернопільського національного медичного університету імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України  було імплементовано й активно практикується один з інтерактивних методів навчання – кейс-метод. Даний метод аналізу реального клінічного випадку розкриває та формує у майбутнього лікаря аналітичні здібності, накопичення практичного досвіду, самостійність у прийнятті рішення, комунікативність, навички роботи з достатньо великим об’ємом інформації. Формування клінічного мислення у студентів-стоматологів проходить у процесі безпосередньої самостійної спроби розв’язування конкретної клінічної ситуації. Таким чином, розгляд й обговорення ситуаційних задач стимулює індивідуальну активність студентів, формує розвиток працьовитості та креативності, готовність взяти на себе відповідальність за результати власного навчання, дає можливість студентам скооперувати теоретичну підготовку та трансформувати її у практичні вміння, необхідні для майбутньої професійної діяльності.
METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF TEACHING MEDICAL STUDENTS ON THE BASIS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION
Authors: Bondarenko S. V. , Pylypyshyn O. I. , Sopiha M. O.
Published: February 2022

The article attempts to reflect the modern content of educational services in obtaining medical education in higher education institutions, which will reflect the nature of economic and social development of Ukraine and is designed to change primarily the paradigm of higher medical education. The definition of requirements for the future specialist, new standards based on the competence approach and sharing the philosophy of interdisciplinary integration are outlined.
Describes important teaching methods in modern higher medical education that shape the personality of the future specialist with a new outlook and thinking that will successfully compete with professionals in the field in the labor market, timely, promptly respond to various demands of society. Teaching technologies and modernization of higher medical education are identified, the purpose of which is to focus on new standards of higher education, which in turn should become the next generation of standards.
Interdisciplinary integration and application of interdisciplinary technologies in the training of future medical professionals will allow the formation of a new level of critical thinking that can comprehensively solve the problems of clinical practice and comprehensive integration.
PRIORITIES IN THE CHOICE OF PHYSICAL AND RECREATION ACTIVITIES OF THE 2ND YEAR STUDENTS OF THE SPECIALTY “PHYSICAL THERAPY, ERGOTHERAPY”
Authors: Nazaruk V. L. , Khvalyboha T. I.
Published: February 2022

Recent research shows that the state of students’ health worsens and their physical activity is insufficient. The reasons for this phenomenon are various: constant increase in academic workload, insufficient number of Physical Education classes included in the curriculum, high cost of modern fitness services, etc. In addition, the traditional form of Physical Education lessons does not contribute to the students’ growth of interest in the process of physical culture and health activities, which involves the acquisition of an appropriate set of knowledge, skills and abilities. The lack of scientific papers dedicated to the comparison of students’ priorities in the choice of physical and recreation activities, in particular, those of medical students, stipulated the choice of the theme and aim of the given research – to determine the priorities of 4th year students majoring in “Physical Therapy, Ergotherapy” in their choice of physical and health recreation activities and popular sports.
The survey was conducted in the form of a questionnaire. Students were supposed to give a single answer to a question. The survey was conducted in October in 2020–2021 academic year at I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University. The survey encompassed 46 4th year Ukrainian students of medical faculty, specialty “Physical Therapy, Ergotherapy”.
In the course of our research we used the following methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, interviews, questionnaires, methods of mathematical statistics.
The analysis of students’ answers allowed to single out certain tendencies and characteristic features of their sports interests. The study concluded that to improve the process of students’ physical education their interests should be taken into account, in particular through the introduction of the course “Health and Rehabilitation Swimming” for the 3rd year students of the specialty “Physical Therapy, Ergotherapy”.
АНАЛІЗ ПРОБЛЕМИ ДЕФІЦИТУ МЕДИЧНИХ СЕСТЕР У СВІТОВОМУ ПРОСТОРІ
Authors: Лиха Л. М.
Published: February 2022

Пандемія COVID-19 є найбільшим викликом нашого часу. Оскільки коронавірус продовжує поширюватися більш ніж у 200 країнах, у яких діагностовано понад мільйон випадків захворювання, яке забирає, на жаль, істотну кількість життів, швидкість відновлення в кожній країні залежатиме від здатності реагувати шляхом обмеження передачі інфекції, забезпечення безпеки вразливих груп населення та підтримки функціональної системи охорони здоровʼя. На жаль, більшість країн незадовільно обладнана засобами для реагування на пандемію такого масштабу. Частково це можна пояснити нестачею та обмеженістю дій молодшого медичного персоналу.
У статті описуються загальні тенденції, деякі теми глобалізації і міжнародної міграції медсестер та медсестринської освіти, попит, правове регулювання і працевлаштування дипломованих фахівців сестринської справи.
Дослідження присвячено аналізу тенденцій, позитивних та негативних наслідків міграції медичних працівників на світовому ринку праці, узагальненню досвіду та висновкам для України. Описано нерівномірність економічного розвитку, що в умовах нівелювання всіх перешкод руху праці породжує проблеми для бідніших країн. Їм потрібен часовий лаг для економічного зростання і захист національного ринку праці, а це суперечить спільному європейському ринку. Необхідність аналізу тенденцій та наслідків міграції медичних працівників важлива для того, аби мінімізувати негативні екстерналії, скоротити ризики. В охороні здоровʼя це особливо важливо, бо прямо стосується якості життя громадян.
Experiência de geodiversidade do turista no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (Paraná, Brasil)
Authors: Rapanelli Raquel Virginia , Feger José Elmar , Fernandes Luiz Alberto
Published: February 2022

A pesquisa investigou se a geodiversidade faz parte da experiência do turista, na trilha das Cataratas do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu no Brasil. O turista foi a unidade de análise. Na coleta das informações em campo foi usado o método Shadowing, com abordagem qualitativa. A elas somaram-se levantamento documental e bibliográfico, que foram tratadas pelo método de Análise de Conteúdo e interpretadas com base no aporte conceitual do turismo e domínios da experiência do modelo pine-gilmoriano, da geodiversidade e do geoturismo. A pesquisa foi realizada em área de visitação do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, na trilha das Cataratas. Este é o trajeto onde o turista tem melhor visão das cataratas e é a única atividade já incluída no ingresso do parque. O estudo concluiu que os turistas não identificam espontaneamente o que veem como geodiversidade. Ou seja, não percebem os processos naturais – incluindo os geológicos, hidrológicos e geomorfológicos –, necessários para a formação daquela paisagem que os atrai, ou ainda, a percepção dos elementos abióticos explícitos envolvidos, tais como rochas e revelo. Os termos mencionados pelos turistas sobre esses elementos são os componentes da paisagem que lhes é mostrada.
Kia Ora Brazil: o rádio multicultural por Maya Hasegawa
Authors: Tavares Junior Carlos A.
Published: February 2022

Este artigo aborda a entrevista com a artista e radialista Maya Hasegawa ocorrida em 5 de novembro de 2020 durante a disciplina Diálogos Radiojornalísticos, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Comunicação da Universidade de São Paulo. Com base nas experiências relatadas, este trabalho tem a finalidade de mostrar como a intersecção cultural de uma imigrante brasileira no rádio comunitário da Nova Zelândia estabelece laços multiculturais e cria vínculos como uma ação efetiva para a promoção da diversidade cultural.
Embalsamamentos no século XIX: segredos, técnicas e polêmicas
Authors: Leonzo Nanci , Pires de Almeida Maria José Saenz Surita
Published: February 2022

No limiar entre ciência e arte, os embalsamamentos durante o século XIX, antes da utilização do formol, envolveram médicos do Brasil e da França em uma série de controvérsias que revelam muito sobre a cultura fúnebre do Oitocentos.  Neste estudo de caso, acompanhamos a trajetória de José Tavano, português que chegou ao Brasil em meados de 1858 disposto a trabalhar como médico, cirurgião e, principalmente, embalsamador, utilizando o sistema desenvolvido por um conhecido químico francês do qual era cessionário. Suas prováveis relações com pessoas influentes no Império e a troca de artigos com um desafeto são elementos que ajudam a compor o cenário da chamada medicina científica da época.
Yes-Associated Protein Targets the Transforming Growth Factor β Pathway to Mediate High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet-induced Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Liu Yanan , Li Mengke , Lv Xue , Bao Kaiwen , Yu Tian Xiao , He Lei , Shi Lei , Zhu Yi , Ai Ding
Published: February 2022

Background:

Metabolic syndrome is related to cardiovascular diseases, which is attributed in part, to arterial stiffness; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of metabolic syndrome–induced arterial stiffness and to identify new therapeutic targets.

Methods:

Arterial stiffness was induced by high-fat/high-sucrose diet in mice, which was quantified by Doppler ultrasound. Four-dimensional label-free quantitative proteomic analysis, affinity purification and mass spectrometry, and immunoprecipitation and GST (glutathione S-transferase) pull-down experiments were performed to explore the mechanism of YAP (Yes-associated protein)-mediated TGF (transforming growth factor) β pathway activation.

Results:

YAP protein was upregulated in the aortic tunica media of mice fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet for 2 weeks and precedes arterial stiffness. Smooth muscle cell–specific YAP knockdown attenuated high-fat/high-sucrose diet–induced arterial stiffness and activation of TGFβ-Smad2/3 signaling pathway in arteries. By contrast,
Myh11Cre

ERT2

-Yap

Tg

mice exhibited exacerbated high-fat/high-sucrose diet–induced arterial stiffness and enhanced TGFβ-activated Smad2/3 phosphorylation in arteries. PPM1B (protein phosphatase, Mg
2+
/Mn
2+
-dependent 1B) was identified as a YAP-bound phosphatase that translocates into the nucleus to dephosphorylate Smads (mothers against decapentaplegic homologs) in response to TGFβ. This process was inhibited by YAP through removal of the K63-linked ubiquitin chain of PPM1B at K326.

Conclusions:

This study provides a new mechanism by which smooth muscle cell YAP regulates the TGFβ pathway and a potential therapeutic target in metabolic syndrome–associated arterial stiffness.
Radicalism and Moderation in the New Academy
Authors: Allen James
Published: February 2022

A dispute in the form of rival interpretations of Carneades arose in the New Academy about whether the wise person is permitted to form (mere) opinions. One party rejected opinion; the other defended it. Because the terms enjoy a certain currency, the positions are here labelled ‘radical’ and ‘moderate’ respectively. This essay tackles the question whether and how they differed. It argues (a) that the disagreement was less about human epistemic capacities than about the standards and aspirations against which they should be measured and (b) that Cicero, our principal source, was a consistent adherent of the ‘radical’ party.
Merchant Shipping during Global Health Pandemics: A Review of International Regulations
Authors: Jung Dawoon , Beckman Robert
Published: February 2022

This article examines the impact of COVID-19 on the international regulation of merchant shipping. First, it provides an overview of the international regulatory framework established by the WHO, IMO and ILO to respond to the impact of global health emergencies on international merchant shipping. It then examines the responses of these organisations and the shipping industry to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on merchant shipping. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that global health emergencies require enhanced preparedness and response planning and cooperation between the IMO, WHO and ILO, which includes consultation and cooperation with global shipping associations and seafarers’ unions. The objective of the preparedness and response planning should be to keep maritime supply chains open while preventing the spread of infectious disease from ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore or shore-to-ship. Equally important, the enhanced cooperation at the global level must be matched by enhanced inter-agency cooperation at the national level.
Deep Seabed Mining: Dispute Resolution Mechanisms for Non-State Actors
Authors: Luttrell Sam , Di Marco Matthew , Hirst Amelia
Published: February 2022

This article addresses dispute resolution mechanisms which are available to non-State actors with respect to deep seabed mining. As deep seabed mining is still in the exploration phase, the dispute resolution mechanisms are yet to be tested by non-State actors. This article conducts a Vienna Convention analysis of the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea as well as their negotiating history to identify the types of disputes which may arise between non-State actors and the International Seabed Authority, how these disputes may be resolved, and relevant gaps in the legal framework which may act as barriers to accessing dispute resolutions mechanisms. This article confirms the link between dispute resolution mechanisms and accountability of the International Seabed Authority. Finally, this article presents arguments in respect of the potential for an administrative review body to be established by the International Seabed Authority.
Blue Trade and Forced Labour: Breaking the Resounding Silence of International Economic Law
Authors: Choukroune Leïla , Nedumpara James J.
Published: February 2022

On 5 December 2017, the United Nations declared a ‘Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development’ to be observed from 2021 to 2030. Beyond the rhetoric of sustainability, the absence of a rights-based approach that places human beings at the core of ocean policy and governance is striking. The ocean indeed remains the scene of major human rights violations. From seafarers to ship breaking sites or fisheries, the ocean is not only the place where 90% of trade in goods happens, but also the territory where grave human rights violations, often related to the labour recruited for ocean trade and investments, occur. In this context and based on a series of case studies involving seafarers, ship breaking and fisheries, in various countries, this article interrogates the silence of international economic law instruments and dispute settlement mechanisms and suggests pathways for reform in better integrating the International Labour Organization approach.
Lectotypification of Asiatic name Salvadora oleoides (Salvadoraceae)
Authors: MALIK VIJAI , SAINI LALITA
Published: February 2022

N/A
Entropy Generation in Magneto-Casson Nanofluid Flow Along an Inclined Stretching Sheet Under Porous Medium with Activation Energy and Variable Heat Source/Sink
Authors: Nandi Susmay , Das Manik , Kumbhakar Bidyasagar
Published: February 2022

The current paper deals with the study of magneto-convective and chemically reactive Casson nanofluid flow along an inclined permeable stretching surface embedded in a fluid-saturated uniform porous medium. As a novelty of the work, entropy generation analysis in the presence of multiple
slips at the surface and a nonuniform heat source/sink is carried out. Moreover, viscous dissipation, Arrhenius activation energy, Joule dissipation and thermal radiation are included in the investigation. To the best of authors’ knowledge, no such study on Casson nanofluid is reported
yet in the literature. Dimensionless similarity transformations have been introduced to convert the regulating model PDEs into ODEs in dimensionless form. As the model equations are highly nonlinear in nature, shooting technique based on the Runge-Kutta Cash-Karp method is used to solve those
equations numerically. The updated values of the initial guesses are computed with the help of secant iteration. Profiles for fluid velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration and entropy generation have been drawn to explain the impacts of several important parameters on momentum, thermal
and mass fields. However, the surface drag force, heat and mass transport rates at the solid wall are illustrated using numerical data displayed in tabular form. Also, a linear regression model is derived for the local Nusselt number and the related physical parameters. Moreover, a comparison
table is presented to confirm the correctness of the obtained results. A fantastic correlation of the present results with the existing results is reported. Graphical results reveal that for the rising values of the angle of inclination parameter and magnetic parameter velocity profiles are
declined, but for the growing values of Eckert number and thermal radiation parameter temperature profiles are enhanced.
Projection of High Clouds and the Link to Ice Hydrometeors: An Approach Using Long-Term Global Cloud System–Resolving Simulations
Authors: Chen Ying-Wen , Satoh Masaki , Kodama Chihiro , Noda Akira T. , Yamada Yohei
Published: February 2022

This study examines projections of high clouds related to sea surface temperature (SST) change using 14-km simulation output from NICAM, a global cloud system–resolving model. This study focuses on the vertical and horizontal structure of high cloud response to the SST pattern and how these cloud responses are linked to ice hydrometeors, such as cloud ice, snow, and graupel, which are not resolved by conventional general circulation models (GCMs). Under the present climate, the vertical and horizontal structure of the simulated increase in tropical high cloud amount for positive tropical mean HadISST SST anomalies has similar behavior to that of the GCM-OrientedCALIPSOCloud Product (GOCCP) cloud fraction for HadISST SST. We further show that cloud ice is the main contributor to the simulated high cloud amount. Under a warming climate, the composite vertical and horizontal structure of the tropical high cloud response to the SST shows similar behavior to that under the present climate, but the amplitude of the variation is greater by a factor of 1.5 and the variation is more widespread. This amplification contributes to the high cloud increase under the warming climate, which is directly linked to the wider spatial extent of cloud ice in the eastern Pacific region. This study specifically reveals the similarity of the patterns of the responses of the high cloud fraction and cloud ice to global warming, indicating that an appropriate treatment of the complete spectrum of ice hydrometeors in global climate models is key to simulating high clouds and their response to global warming.
Relative Contributions of Sea Surface Temperature and Atmospheric Nonlinearities to ENSO Asymmetrical Rainfall Response
Authors: Srinivas G. , Vialard J. , Lengaigne M. , Izumo T. , Guilyardi E.
Published: February 2022

Here, we investigate the relative roles of atmospheric nonlinearities and asymmetrical sea surface temperature (SST) forcing in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) asymmetrical rainfall response. Applying a vertically integrated water vapor budget to the ERA5 reanalysis leads to a simple analytical equation for precipitation anomalies. This formulation reveals that ENSO rainfall anomalies are dominated by the linear component of the dynamical term (i.e., the anomalous moisture convergence due to the effect of circulation anomalies on climatological humidity). Nonlinearities in this term and the linear thermodynamical term (i.e., the effect of climatological circulation on humidity anomalies) both strengthen central Pacific rainfall anomalies for both ENSO phases. In contrast, the nonlinear term associated with the effect of anomalous divergence on anomalous moisture (i.e., the mixed term) weakens La Niña dry and strengthens El Niño wet anomalies, in particular during extreme El Niño events when it contributes to about 40% of the eastern Pacific wet anomalies. Overall, atmospheric nonlinearities directly account for ∼70% of the positively skewed ENSO rainfall distribution east of the date line, and ∼50% of the negatively skewed rainfall distribution in the western Pacific. The remaining ENSO rainfall asymmetries are attributable to the asymmetrical ENSO SST pattern. This asymmetrical SST pattern also has contributions from atmospheric nonlinearities through the Bjerknes feedback loop, in addition to those from oceanic nonlinearities. Our estimates are thus likely a lower bound of the contribution of atmospheric nonlinearities to the overall ENSO rainfall asymmetry.
A Prototype for Remote Monitoring of Ocean Heat Content Anomalies
Authors: Trossman David S. , Tyler Robert H.
Published: February 2022

To overcome challenges with observing ocean heat content (OHC) over the entire ocean, we propose a novel approach that exploits the abundance of satellite data, including data from modern satellite geomagnetic surveys such as Swarm. The method considers a novel combination of conventional in situ (temperature and pressure) as well as satellite (altimetry and gravimetry) data with estimates of ocean electrical conductance (depth-integrated conductivity), which can potentially be obtained from magnetic observations (by satellite, land, seafloor, ocean, and airborne magnetometers). To demonstrate the potential benefit of the proposed method, we sample model output of an ocean state estimate to reflect existing observations and train a machine learning algorithm [Generalized Additive Model (GAM)] on these samples. We then calculate OHC everywhere using information potentially derivable from various global satellite coverage—including magnetic observations—to gauge the GAM’s goodness of fit on a global scale. Inclusion of in situ observations of OHC in the upper 2000 m from Argo-like floats and conductance data each reduce the root-mean-square error by an order of magnitude. Retraining the GAM with recent ship-based hydrographic data attains a smaller RMSE in polar oceans than training the GAM only once on all available historical ship-based hydrographic data; the opposite is true elsewhere. The GAM more accurately calculates OHC anomalies throughout the water column than below 2000 m and can detect global OHC anomalies over multiyear time scales, even when considering hypothetical measurement errors. Our method could complement existing methods and its accuracy could be improved through careful ship-based campaign planning.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this manuscript is to demonstrate the potential for practical implementation of a remote monitoring method for ocean heat content (OHC) anomalies. To do this, we sample data from a reanalysis product primarily because of the dearth of observations below 2000 m depth that can be used for validation and the fact that full-depth-integrated electrical seawater conductivity data products derived from satellite magnetometry are not yet available. We evaluate multiple factors related to the accuracy of OHC anomaly estimation and find that, even with hypothetical measurement errors, our method can be used to monitor OHC anomalies on multiyear time scales.