bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Formal Stance Strategies Reveal Disciplinary Variation in Professional Scientific Writing?
Authors: Smirnova Elizaveta A. , Pérez‐Guerra Javier
Published: January 2025

Stance in academic discourse has been extensively studied, with numerous investigations indicating that its expression varies across disciplines, depending on the authors’ intention to either enhance or diminish their voice or presence (e.g., It seems fairly certain vs. This is based on the belief that…). This paper hypothesises that stance can be viewed as a strictly structural or formal linguistic mechanism in academic discourse, which can optimally determine disciplinary variation. The novelty of this study lies in the hypothesis that formal features of stance alone can identify academic disciplines, without relying on the meaning conveyed by the features. To demonstrate this, this paper focuses on the linguistic expression of stance in hard‐ and soft‐science articles. The corpus of soft and hard scientific writing consists of research articles published in leading peer‐reviewed journals in eight disciplines (chemistry, physics, engineering, mathematics, business studies, history, linguistics and political science) and comprises approximately 1.6 million words. The assessment of the realisation of stance in the aforementioned scientific disciplines is carried out by quantifying a range of grammatical (e.g., modal verb groups and embedded complement clauses) and lexical (boosters, hedges, and self‐mention expressions) features suggested in the literature. The frequencies of the features are statistically modelled by means of, firstly, a multivariate regression analysis that determines the set of features whose contribution to the hard‐ versus soft‐science variation is significant and, secondly, a clustering technique that groups similar disciplines based on exclusively the frequencies of the significant stance features. Clustering very successfully reveals a neat classification of the eight disciplines under investigation into two major clusters corresponding to the initial categorisation of the writings into the hard‐ and soft‐science types. This suggests that the meaning conveyed by the stance features is dispensable for the purpose of disciplinary categorisation.
Comprehensive Analysis of m6A‐Related Programmed Cell Death Genes Unveils a Novel Prognostic Model for Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Cao Yaolin , Liu Jiatao , Wang Wei , Yan Qiuyue , Wang Zhibo
Published: January 2025

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) involves complex dysregulated cellular processes, including programmed cell death (PCD), influenced by N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification. This study integrates bulk RNA and single‐cell sequencing data to identify 43 prognostically valuable m6A‐related PCD genes, forming the basis of a 13‐gene risk model (m6A‐related PCD signature [mPCDS]) developed using machine‐learning algorithms, including CoxBoost and SuperPC. The mPCDS demonstrated significant predictive performance across multiple validation datasets. In addition to its prognostic accuracy, mPCDS revealed distinct genomic profiles, pathway activations, associations with the tumour microenvironment and potential for predicting drug sensitivity. Experimental validation identified RCN1 as a potential oncogene driving LUAD progression and a promising therapeutic target. The mPCDS offers a new approach for LUAD risk stratification and personalised treatment strategies.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Liver Fibrosis/Cirrhosis and Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment Among Medical Staff
Authors: Xie Aize , Soontornchai Sarisak , Bovornkitti Somchai , Mao Dewen , Shi Qinglan , You Jianpeng
Published: January 2025

Rationale

Liver fibrosis is a critical stage in the progression from liver injury to cirrhosis or tumor formation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown certain effectiveness in treating liver fibrosis. However, there is currently a lack of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) studies regarding this topic.

Aims and Objectives

This study aimed to assess medical staff's KAP toward liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and TCM treatment, and to explore the association between KAP scores and demographic factors.

Methods

Demographic information and KAP scores were collected through a self‐administered questionnaire.

Results

A total of 262 questionnaires were collected, with 155 (69.82%) females and a mean age of 32.83 ± 8.17 years. Mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 15.99 ± 4.58, 22.69 ± 4.11, and 23.09 ± 3.36, respectively. Working in a teaching hospital (OR = 3.562, 95% CI: 1.214–10.448) was independently associated with adequate knowledge. Knowledge score (OR = 1.104, 95% CI: 1.026–1.186) was independently linked to a positive attitude. Knowledge (OR = 1.263, 95% CI: 1.166–1.368) and attitude score (OR = 1.105, 95% CI 1.010–1.198) were independent predictors of proactive practice. Pathway analysis revealed that knowledge positively affected attitude (β = 0.24, p < 0.001) and practice (β = 0.30, p < 0.001), and attitude directly influenced practice (β = 0.22, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Medical staff demonstrated adequate knowledge, a negative attitude, and proactive practices regarding liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and TCM treatment. Targeted educational programs, interdisciplinary training, and awareness campaigns should be implemented to improve attitudes and promote proactive patient care.
Do temporary changes in earnings caused by mean reversion affect firms’ refinancing decisions?
Authors: Agliardi Elettra , Charalambides Marios , Chowdhury Md Shahedur R. , Koussis Nicos
Published: January 2025

We develop a dynamic two‐stage trade‐off model with refinancing when earnings are mean reverting. Our model predicts a negative relation between profitability and leverage at refinancing due to conservative debt increases. With multiple rounds of refinancing, the leverage–profitability relation may turn positive when firms have substantial debt tax shields. Our empirical analysis of US firms reveals that firms with moderate incentives to shield tax benefits with debt internalize the temporary increase in earnings caused by mean reversion at refinancing. However, firms with strong incentives to shield tax benefits take on excessive debt despite the temporary increases in profitability.
Nanostructural Modulation of G‐Quadruplex DNA in Neurodegeneration: Orotate Interaction Revealed Through Experimental and Computational Approaches
Authors: Falanga Andrea Patrizia , Piccialli Ilaria , Greco Francesca , D'Errico Stefano , Nolli Maria Grazia , Borbone Nicola , Oliviero Giorgia , Roviello Giovanni N.
Published: January 2025

The natural compound orotic acid and its anionic form, orotate, play a pivotal role in various biological processes, serving as essential intermediates in pyrimidine de novo synthesis, with demonstrated connections to dietary, supplement, and neurodrug applications. A novel perspective on biomolecular aggregation at the nanoscale, particularly pertinent to neurodegeneration, challenges the established paradigm positing that peptide (amyloid beta) and protein (tau) aggregation mainly govern the molecular events underlying prevalent neuropathologies. Emerging biological evidence indicates a notable role for G‐quadruplex (G4) DNA aggregation in neurodegenerative processes affecting neuronal cells, particularly in the presence of extended (G4C2)n repeats in nuclear DNA sequences. Our study concerns d[(GGGGCC)3GGGG], a G4‐forming DNA model featuring G4C2 repeats that is in correlation with neurodegeneration. Through different investigations utilizing spectroscopic techniques (CD, UV, and thermal denaturations), PAGE electrophoresis, and molecular docking, the study explores the influence of orotate on the aggregation of this neurodegeneration‐associated DNA. A computational approach was employed to construct an in silico model of the DNA aggregate, which involved the docking of multiple G4 units and subsequent integration of the ligand into both the DNA monomer and its in silico aggregated model. The convergence of computational analyses and empirical data collectively supports the hypothesis that orotate possesses the capability to modulate the aggregation of neurodegeneration‐related DNA. Notably, the findings suggest the potential utility of orotate as a neurodrug, especially for the therapy of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), with its current status as a dietary supplement indicating minimal safety concerns. Additionally, orotate demonstrated a slight increase in mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity as assessed by the MTT assay, which is beneficial for a neurodrug as it suggests a potential role in enhancing mitochondrial function and supporting neuronal health.

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Cellular Senescence in Glial Cells: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Maupin Elizabeth A. , Adams Katrina L.
Published: January 2025

Aging is the most common risk factor for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) disease progression. Cellular senescence, the irreversible state of cell cycle arrest, is the main driver of aging and has been found to accumulate prematurely in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Cellular senescence in the central nervous system of MS patients has recently gained attention, with several studies providing evidence that demyelination induces cellular senescence, with common hallmarks of p16INK4A and p21 expression, oxidative stress, and senescence‐associated secreted factors. Here we discuss the current evidence of cellular senescence in animal models of MS and different glial populations in the central nervous system, highlighting the major gaps in the field that still remain. As premature senescence in MS may exacerbate demyelination and inflammation, resulting in inhibition of myelin repair, it is critical to increase understanding of cellular senescence in vivo, the functional effects of senescence on glial cells, and the impact of removing senescent cells on remyelination and MS. This emerging field holds promise for opening new avenues of treatment for MS patients.

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Palatal segment contributions to midfacial anterior–posterior growth
Authors: Welsh Ian C. , Feiler Maria E. , Lipman Danika , Mormile Isabel , Hansen Karissa , Percival Christopher J.
Published: January 2025

Anterior–posterior (A–P) elongation of the palate is a critical aspect of integrated midfacial morphogenesis. Reciprocal epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions drive secondary palate elongation that is coupled to the periodic formation of signaling centers within the rugae growth zone (RGZ). However, the relationship between RGZ‐driven morphogenetic processes, the differentiative dynamics of underlying palatal bone mesenchymal precursors, and the segmental organization of the upper jaw has remained enigmatic. A detailed ontogenetic study of these relationships is important because palatal segment growth is a critical aspect of normal midfacial growth, can produce dysmorphology when altered, and is a likely basis for evolutionary differences in upper jaw morphology. We completed a combined whole mount gene expression and morphometric analysis of normal murine palatal segment growth dynamics and resulting upper jaw morphology. Our results demonstrated that the first formed palatal ruga (ruga 1), found just posterior to the RGZ, maintained an association with important nasal, neurovascular and palatal structures throughout early midfacial development. This suggested that these features are positioned at a proximal source of embryonic midfacial directional growth. Our detailed characterization of midfacial morphogenesis revealed a one‐to‐one relationship between palatal segments and upper jaw bones during the earliest stages of palatal elongation. Growth of the maxillary anlage within the anterior secondary palate is uniquely coupled to RGZ‐driven morphogenesis. This may help drive the unequaled proportional elongation of the anterior secondary palate segment prior to palatal shelf fusion. Our results also demonstrated that the future maxillary‐palatine suture, approximated by the position of ruga 1 and consistently associated with the palatine anlage, formed predominantly via the posterior differentiation of the maxilla within the expanding anterior secondary palate. Our ontogenetic analysis provides a novel and detailed picture of the earliest spatiotemporal dynamics of intramembranous midfacial skeletal specification and differentiation within the context of the surrounding palatal segment A–P elongation and associated rugae formation.
Feeling wronged versus pressing on: Unearthing the tensions of Appalachian fatherhood
Authors: Garnett‐Deakin Aran , Sanner Caroline
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study explores the lived experiences of fathers who live and parent in Appalachia, a region and identity that is often stereotyped and marginalized.

Background

Though research on fathering and fatherhood has grown significantly over the past several decades, a persistent emphasis involves father involvement and its relationship to child outcomes. Far fewer studies have explored the intrapersonal processes of fatherhood, such as what it means to be a father in diverse contexts. Rural contexts, specifically within Appalachia, remain understudied and offer opportunities for exploring the negotiation of fathering identities.

Method

Using interpretive phenomenological analysis, we conducted in‐depth interviews with 11 Appalachian fathers about their lived experiences.

Results

We identified two central tensions experienced by Appalachian fathers: (a) preserving tradition versus adapting to change, and (b) feeling wronged versus pressing on. Appalachian fathers negotiated identities against the backdrop of historical hardship and exploitation, which threatened their internal sense of agency and contributed to their feeling left behind in a changing world. However, their narratives also embodied a spirit of perseverance and illustrated the ways in which they actively negotiated their sense of self despite navigating constraining forces.

Conclusion

Appalachian fathers' positioning at the intersection of privileged and marginalized identities has implications for their lived experiences and ability to express themselves. This study aims to humanize a historically stereotyped group of fathers.
A Population‐Based Study of the Association Among Dry Mouth, Vitamin B2, and Mortality
Authors: Wang Yan , Jia Shuailin , Xu Kehui , Ma Sai , Jiao Kai , Wu Gang , Tay Franklin R , Zhang Tong , Niu Lina
Published: January 2025

Background

Previous studies have indicated that older adults with the symptom of dry mouth have an increased risk of death. B vitamins are strongly linked to oral and systemic health. However, the relationship among dry mouth, vitamin B2 and mortality remains unclear.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship among dry mouth, vitamin B2 and mortality.

Methods

A total of 6183 participants from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 with information on dry mouth were included at baseline. 4324 normal individuals and 684 individuals with dry mouth were followed up until 31 December 2019. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations among dry mouth, vitamin B2 and all‐cause mortality.

Results

Compared to the population without dry mouth, the risk of all‐cause mortality was significantly higher in the population with dry mouth. The multivariable‐adjusted HR and 95% CI was 1.41 (1.05, 1.90). The intake of vitamin B2 can significantly reduce the risk of death in participants with dry mouth, but not in participants without dry mouth. The HR and 95% CI of all‐cause mortality in the highest vitamin B2 intake group was 0.37 (0.19, 0.73) compared to the lowest intake group.

Conclusions

Individuals with dry mouth suffered a significantly higher risk of all‐cause mortality compared to those without dry mouth. Higher intake of vitamin B2 was apparently associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality in the population with dry mouth.
Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus (GBNV): A New Record for Mungbean in Pakistan
Authors: Akhtar Khalid Pervaiz , Ullah Najeeb , Asghar Muhammad Jawad , Shahid Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Mungbean is an economically important short‐duration traditional pulse crop in Pakistan. During a routine inspection of mungbean fields in the summer of 2018, unusual disease symptoms reminiscent of Tospovirus were observed for the first time. These symptoms include severe leaf chlorosis, necrosis, plant stunting and death. To identify the causal virus, symptomatic fresh leaves were analysed following RT‐PCR using GBNV‐specific primer pair which resulted in the amplification of ~0.8 kbp fragment specific to CP gene of Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV). A representative amplicon was cloned and sequenced. The analysis of the attained sequence confirmed its high resemblance with GBNV earlier reported from different crops in India. The virus was successfully mechanically inoculated onto the mungbean genotype MH‐21006 which produced similar symptoms as observed under field conditions. Under the present study, based on the visual assessment, 132 mungbean advanced genotypes and approved varieties were also evaluated against GBNV under field conditions. Data showed that 122 genotypes were resistant with percent disease index (PDI) value ranging from 1.3% to 9.9% while 10 were tolerant with PDI value ranging from 10.3% to 14.2%. Present findings confirm the first natural association of GBNV with mungbean in Pakistan.
Nutrient Digestibility in Zoo‐Kept Tapirs (Tapirus spp) as Compared to Other Herbivores
Authors: Clauss Marcus , Lang‐Deuerling Stefanie B. , Baumgartner Katrin , Medici Emilia P. , Janssens Geert P. J. , Kienzle Ellen , Hummel Jürgen
Published: January 2025

Tapirs are hindgut fermenters with a natural diet dominated by browse, with a certain proportion of wild fruit. By contrast, diets fed to tapirs in zoos are often dominated by domestic fruit and other sources of easily digestible carbohydrates, which have been linked to obesity and various health problems. We aimed at better understanding the digestive physiology of tapirs, measuring the digestive efficiency of 13 lowland (Tapirus terrestris) and five Malayan (Tapirus indicus) tapirs from five zoos on various zoo diets by recording intake and total faecal excretion. Additionally, we aimed at evaluating zoo diets, by assessing relationships between dietary characteristics and data on intake and faeces consistency, and compared the data gained in the zoo study to those of faecal samples of free‐ranging tapirs. Tapirs showed digestive principles reported in other herbivores, such as higher levels of metabolic faecal nitrogen and a lower intake on diets of higher digestibility, or a decrease in digestibility with increasing dietary fibre concentrations. Compared to horses or grazing rhinoceroses, organic matter digestibility in tapirs was more negatively affected by dietary fibre; additionally, tapirs had comparatively low fibre digestibility. This is possibly linked to their comparatively poor chewing efficacy. The readiness to ingest a hay‐only diet was directly proportional to the amount of hay in the usual zoo diet, supporting reports that it may be difficult to achieve high hay intakes in tapirs instantaneously. Faeces consistency was closer to the natural condition with higher proportions of roughage in the diet. Compared to a set of faecal samples from the wild, zoo faeces were generally lower in fibre. This study supports previous suggestions that zoo tapirs could benefit, in terms of mimicking their digestive physiology and feeding behaviour in natural habitats, from diets based on a readily ingested roughage source, especially from browse.
Primary uterine large granular lymphocyte lymphoma in an ovariectomised cat
Authors: Cuzzupè Y. , Banco B. , Boffa N. , Arcangeli A. , Franchi R. , Volpi D. , Finotello R.
Published: January 2025

Primary uterine lymphoma is an extremely rare disease. An 11‐year‐old spayed female domestic short‐haired cat presented with a 3‐month history of mucopurulent vaginal discharge, lethargy, acute vomiting and constipation. Physical examination revealed vulvar swelling, purulent discharge and a mass in the mid‐caudal abdomen. A CT scan identified a large uterine mass, displacing the colon dorsally and the urethra ventrally. A hysterectomy was performed. Histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed a T‐cell uterine transmural medium to large cell lymphoma. One‐month post‐surgery, an abdominal ultrasound showed thickening of the jejunal loops, enlarged lymph nodes and nodular peritoneal lesions at the surgical site. Cytology raised suspicion of large granular lymphocyte lymphoma, confirmed by anti‐Granzyme B immunohistochemistry on the uterine tissue specimen. The final diagnosis was primary uterine large granular lymphocyte lymphoma, marking the first reported case in small animal oncology.
Evaluating Hepatitis B Screening During Pregnancy: A Study on Diagnostic Accuracy and Infection Control in Nigeria
Authors: Ukagebu Chinomso Joel , Alao Jude Oluwapelumi , Bamigboye Favour Oluwadara , Ukaegbu Joel Chimezie , Oladipo Elijah Kolawole
Published: January 2025

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a critical public health issue in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), particularly among pregnant women in Nigeria. Routine screening using rapid diagnostic kits is common in antenatal care, yet the accuracy of these tests can vary. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalencwe of HBV among pregnant women who had previously undergone screening using rapid diagnostic kits at Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospital, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria, to assess the effectiveness of initial screening and identify any missed cases. A cross‐sectional study was conducted, involving 263 pregnant women. Blood samples were tested for HBV markers (HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb) using ELISA. Sociodemographic data and potential risk factors were also analysed. The study found that 7.6% of women were HBsAg positive, indicating active HBV infection, and 49.6% were susceptible to HBV. There was a significant association between higher education levels and HBV seropositivity. Employment status also correlated with HBV prevalence, with self‐employed women showing higher seroprevalence. Additionally, a history of blood transfusions was linked to higher HBV seropositivity. The findings highlight the limitations of rapid diagnostic kits in detecting HBV and underscore the need for enhanced infection prevention and control measures, including confirmatory testing, robust vaccination programmes and safe delivery practices to reduce HBV transmission in high‐burden regions like Nigeria.
Plasma amino acid profiles of dogs with the hepatocutaneous syndrome and dogs with other chronic liver diseases
Authors: Leela‐arporn Rommaneeya , DeMarle Karah Burns , Heinze Cailin R. , Webster Cynthia R. L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Dogs with hepatocutaneous syndrome (HCS) have marked plasma hypoaminoacidemia, but its occurrence in dogs with chronic liver diseases not associated with HCS (non‐HCS CLD) is unknown.

Objectives

To determine if plasma hypoaminoacidemia occurs in dogs with non‐HCS CLD, compare plasma amino acid (PAA) profiles between dogs with non‐HCS CLD and HCS, and define a sensitive and specific PAA pattern for diagnosing HCS.

Animals

Data were collected from client‐owned dogs, a prospective cohort of 32 with CLD and 1 with HCS, and a retrospective cohort of 7 with HCS.

Methods

Prospective study. Dogs with chronic serum liver enzyme increases were recruited after hepatic biopsy. Plasma amino acid profiles were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Plasma amino acid concentrations were compared between dogs with non‐HCS CLD and HCS. Regression analysis was performed to identify a unique PAA pattern for HCS diagnosis.

Results

Twelve dogs each with vacuolar hepatopathy or chronic hepatitis and 8 dogs with congenital disorders (primary hypoplasia of the portal vein or ductal plate malformations) were enrolled. Compared to non‐HCS CLD dogs, HCS dogs had significantly lower plasma concentrations of several amino acids. Regression analysis revealed that glutamine, glycine, citrulline, arginine, and proline concentrations less than 30% of the mean reference value had 100% sensitivity, specificity for diagnosing HCS.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Generalized plasma hypoaminoacidemia does not accompany non‐HCS CLD. Concentrations of 5 specific amino acids less than 30% of the mean reference value can serve as a noninvasive biomarker for diagnosing HCS.
Research Trends on Bats in Morocco: An Overview, Focusing on Gaps and Threats to Species Conservation
Authors: Dbiba Youssef , Dakki Mohamed , El Mouden El Hassan
Published: January 2025

Moroccan bats are extensively studied in North Africa due to their ecological sensitivity, significant threats and increased field investigations related to wind energy development.

This review updates the list of bat species, identifies key threats and examines research distribution patterns over time, regions, research topics, taxa and endemicity, highlighting gaps and setting future research priorities.

Between 1897 and 2024, around 136 information sources were produced, categorised into five research periods: four lasting about 30 years each and the fifth covering 2020–2024. These researches were analysed based on temporal, regional, topical, taxonomic and endemic trends.

The most recent revision of Moroccan bats identified 29 species. With the addition of two new species and the renaming of one species, the current inventory now includes 31 species across eight families, three of which are endemic.

Research efforts varied over time, with ‘taxonomy and systematics’ being the most studied topic, focusing on classification, evolutionary relationships and species identification. Three genera (Rhinolophus, Myotis and Pipistrellus) appeared in 56% of the studies. Investigations cover progressively a wide geographic range, with a clear preference for Northern regions. However, topics like ‘diseases’ and ‘conservation’ were addressed in less than 10% of articles.

To address major research gaps, we recommend in‐depth studies on bat phenology, parasitology, habitat preferences and migrations. Special attention should be given to the causes of species decline, in both population size and geographical extent, focusing on habitat loss, human disturbances, individuals harvesting and possibly wind farms.

Crucial research needs are identified for 10 prior species: Plecotus gaisleri, Miniopterus maghrebensis, Myotis capaccini, Rhinolophus mehelyi, Rhinolophus euryale, Miniopterus schreibersii, Myotis zenatius, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Barbastella barbastellus and Rhinolophus blasii.
New Integrative Vectors Increase Agrobacterium rhizogenes Transformation and Help Characterise Roles for Soybean GmTML Gene Family Members
Authors: Su Huanan , Zhang Mengbai , Grundy Estelle B. , Ferguson Brett J.
Published: January 2025

Hairy‐root transformation is widely used to generate transgenic plant roots for genetic functional characterisation studies. However, transformation efficiency can be limited, largely due to the use of binary vectors. Here, we report on the development of novel integrative vectors that significantly increase the transformation efficiency of hairy roots. This includes pHGUS7, for promoter::reporter visualisation studies, and pHOG13, for genetic insertion and overexpression studies. These vectors have been designed to simplify cloning workflows, enhance the selection of positively transformed Agrobacterium colonies, and increase the transformation efficiency and ease of selection of genetically modified hairy roots. To demonstrate the efficacy of the new vectors, Too Much Love (TML) encoding genes acting in the Autoregulation Of Nodulation (AON) pathway of soybeans were investigated. Both constructs provided significantly higher transformation rates than the binary vector control, often resulting in > 70% of the roots being transformed. This was achieved using either whole‐plant seedlings or cotyledonary nodes in tissue culture. Overexpression of each individual TML encoding gene (GmTML1a, GmTML1b and GmTML2) using pHOG13 resulted in a significant reduction in nodule number, demonstrating the role of all three in inhibiting nodule organogenesis. Moreover, reporter‐fusions with the promoter of each TML encoding gene using pHGUS7 revealed that each exhibits a unique pattern of expression in nodules, with GmTML1b displaying considerably stronger expression than GmTML1a or GmTML2. Taken together, these results demonstrate the utility and efficiency of the new pHOG13 and pHGUS7 integrative vectors in hairy‐root transformation, and improve our understanding of the critical TML‐encoding genes in soybean nodulation control.
Enhanced Resistance to Pokkah Boeng Disease in Sugarcane Through Host‐Induced Gene Silencing Targeting FsCYP51 in Fusarium sacchari
Authors: Yin Liuyu , Huang Zhen , Zhou Yuming , Lu Minyan , Zhu Lixiang , Di Ruolin , Duan Zhenzhen , Bao Yixue , Hu Qin , Powell Charles A. , Chen Baoshan , Zhang Jisen , Zhang Muqing , Yao Wei
Published: January 2025

Pokkah boeng disease (PBD), a common and highly destructive disease of sugarcane, is mainly caused by Fusarium sacchari. Breeding sugarcane resistant to PBD is challenging due to the limited availability of immune or highly resistant germplasm resources. Host‐induced gene silencing (HIGS) based on RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising disease‐control method that offers strong disease‐targeting ability with low environmental impact. This study found that silencing either three FsCYP51 genes (FsCYP51A, FsCYP51B and FsCYP51C) simultaneous or two of them (FsCYP51A and FsCYP51C) could inhibit the growth, development, and virulence of F. sacchari. Subsequently, we developed CYP51‐HIGS transgenic sugarcane lines using gene‐gun genetic transformation and obtained seven lines expressing dsFsCYP51. Both the results of laboratory inoculation assays and field trials indicated that all the seven transgenic lines had significant resistance to PBD. Moreover, in the field trials, the yield losses of transgenic sugarcane due to PBD were reduced compared with those of the control. This is the first report using the HIGS strategy to inhibit PBD infection in sugarcane. This breakthrough provides clear guidelines and practical approaches for the future breeding of sugarcane varieties with strong antifungal resistance.
ZmHB53, a Maize Homeodomain‐Leucine Zipper I Transcription Factor Family Gene, Contributes to Abscisic Acid Sensitivity and Confers Seedling Drought Tolerance by Promoting the Activity of ZmPYL4
Authors: Zhong Yuan , Yan Xiaocui , Wang Nan , Zenda Tinashe , Dong Anyi , Zhai Xiuzhen , Yang Qian , Duan Huijun
Published: January 2025

Plant‐specific homeodomain‐leucine zipper I (HD‐Zip I) transcription factors (TFs) crucially regulate plant drought tolerance. However, their specific roles in maize (Zea mays L.) regulating drought tolerance remain largely unreported. Here, we screened a maize HD‐Zip I TF family gene, ZmHB53, and clarified its role in drought stress. ZmHB53 overexpression maize plants exhibited sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA), tolerant to polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000)‐induced stress during germination, along with improved seedling drought resistance. Compared to the wild‐type, ZmHB53 overexpression lines show higher water retention, biomass, and survival rates, and reduced water loss and stomatal size under drought, suggesting ZmHB53′s role in drought adaptation. DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP‐Seq), yeast one hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and dual luciferase showed that ZmHB53 directly bound to and upregulated the expression of ABA receptor ZmPYL4. Meanwhile, transgenic plants overexpressing ZmPYL4 also exhibit ABA sensitivity and drought tolerance. The research results provide novel insights into the regulatory role of ZmHB53 and ZmPYL4 in enhancing maize's drought tolerance, establishing a foundation for future validation and potential application of ZmHB53 in strategies to improve maize resistance to drought.
The Case for “Other”: Measuring Gender and Sexual Identity in Survey Research
Authors: Pao Christina , Donnelly Moran Katie , Compton D′Lane , Kaufman Gayle , Dowling Julie A.
Published: January 2025

As more people identify outside of binary gender categories and heterosexuality, survey research must adapt to better capture respondents' gender and sexual identities. Making the case for “other,” in this article, we review the history and contemporary measurement of sex/gender and sexuality to show how “other, please specify” options provide more accurate means for collecting data. Drawing from race/ethnicity data collection's long history of employing “other,” we demonstrate what we can learn about gender and sexual identity open‐ended responses. We show that the use of open‐ended responses allows researchers to recognize diversity and complexity in how people identify. Open‐ended responses offer flexibility, adapt to evolving identity language, and are less challenging to use for analyses than often assumed. We conclude by offering practical suggestions: create measures based on research goals; be clear about what one is trying to measure; include a variety of responses to capture as many prevalent identities as possible; and include a text box for people to write in or expand on their answer.
Inhomogeneity of the lacrimal glands is the most important ultrasound finding in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a comprehensive study with 2D-Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Badarinza Maria , Serban Oana , Pelea Michael Andrei , Rosca Roxana , Lenghel Lavinia Manuela , Donci Delia Doris , Fodor Daniela
Published: January 2025

Aim: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance,  interobserver reliability, and practical utility of two lacrimal gland ultrasound (LGUS) scoring systems – LGUS score I, a complex multi-parameter score, and LGUS score II, a simplified single-parameter score – for diagnosing primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). The additional role of two-dimensionalshear wave elastography (2D-SWE) in assessing lacrimal gland stiffness was also evaluated.Material and methods: This observational, cross-sectional study included 35 pSS patients and 35 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. LGUS score I incorporated four grey-scale ultrasound parameters, while LGUS score II relied solely on glandular homogeneity. Both scoring systems were evaluated for diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement. SWE measurements of lacrimal gland elasticity were also recorded and compared between groups.Results: LGUS score II achieved diagnostic performance comparable to LGUS score I, with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.831 and 0.829, respectively (p=0.961). Sensitivity was higher for LGUS score II (94.29%) than for LGUS score I (85.70%), with both scores demonstrating identical specificity (68.57%). Interobserver agreement was good for LGUS score II (κ=0.707) and moderate for LGUS score I (κ=0.553). SWE measurements showed no significant differences in mean elasticity values between the pSS and control groups (8.78±2.03 kPa vs. 9.27±2.07 kPa, p=0.158).Conclusion: LGUS score II (glandular homogeneity) offers a reliable, time-efficient diagnostic approach for pSS, providing similar accuracy to the more complex LGUS score I with enhanced interobserver reliability, while the potential of 2D-SWE remains limited by methodological inconsistencies and requires further standardization.
Hacer hogar y envejecimiento: (Des)encajes materiales, sociales y culturales en contextos de cuidado de larga duración
Authors: Chirinos Medina Carlos Alonso , Bosoque-Puerta Yolanda , Coma Almenar Herena
Published: January 2025

El artículo reflexiona sobre el hogar como entorno idealizado y su construcción cultural para el cuidado durante el envejecimiento. Consideramos que la noción de casa adquiere el significado de hogar de manera procesual. Se trata de un plano doble, intersticial y poroso donde convergen dimensiones sociales, políticas, económicas y culturales que condicionan los procesos de «hacer hogar» en los cuidados de larga duración. Con este fin, analizamos tres casos etnográficos que demuestran cómo hacer hogar en los cuidados gira en torno a procesos de encajes y desencajes donde el género, el parentesco, la clase social, la cultura material y la pertenencia juegan un rol determinante. Concluimos que el modelo cultural de hogar en los cuidados del envejecimiento, lejos de ser único y estático, demuestra un gran dinamismo y variabilidad.
Redes sociales e identidad religiosa. Del ciberfundamentalismo a la violencia política, de Alexandra Ainz Galende (Ed.)
Authors: Martín Godoy Paula
Published: January 2025

Este libro, coordinado por Alexandra Ainz Galende —profesora titular de la Universidad de Almería— y presentado bajo el título Redes Sociales e Identidad Religiosa. Del ciberfundamentalismo a la violencia política, es el reflejo de diversos estudios sociológicos y antropológicos vinculados con las identidades religiosas en la actualidad. En términos generales, la obra recoge diversas investigaciones relacionadas con diferentes identidades religiosas y con las nuevas dinámicas de comunicación e interacción que se están dando en las sociedades debido al desarrollo de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC). La historia sociopolítica de los territorios forma parte de los constitutivos de las identidades. Las identidades hacen alusiones a diferentes pertenencias y, como destacó Maalouf (2012), hacen referencia a dos grandes componentes que la constituyen: la lengua y la religión; ambos factores, interconectados con las dinámicas de los territorios en sus propios contextos. Esto quiere decir que, por un lado, debemos subrayar la importancia que tiene la religión para la construcción de sentimientos de pertenencia, de identidades, y por otro, relacionado con el contexto español, tenemos que poner la mirada en los aspectos sociohistóricos que han conformado esos sentimientos de pertenencia sobre un determinado territorio o, en otras palabras, poner el foco en los aspectos que se vinculan con la religiosidad a la hora de construir identidades y sus opuestos, «los otros».
Empowering Health: Innovative Strategies to Successfully Increase Physical Activity Promotion in Brazilian Primary Health Care Settings
Authors: Timbó de Paiva Neto Francisco , Benedetti Tânia Rosane Bertoldo , Sandreschi Paula Fabrício , Manta Sofia Wolker , Almeida Fabio Araujo , Rech Cassiano Ricardo
Published: January 2025

Background: Implementation of physical activity (PA) initiatives within the scope of Primary Health Care (PHC) is still a challenge for the field of public health. It is necessary to consolidate operational processes to promote PA in the daily lives of patients in PHC. The use of implementation science has significant potential for advancing PA initiatives. Methods: The present study is a methodological study, which includes a macroproject titled “Saúde a Partir de Atividades Físicas Exitosas-SAFE Research.” The project is organized by 5 steps, and a descriptive manuscript about an intervention as well, to increase, or promote PA in a community settings. Results: Eight strategies have been developed, related to the attributes of a successful PA promotion initiative in PHC (autonomy, participation, planning, replication, and sustainability), and the dimensions of RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance). Each strategy presents a set of processes that can be systematically operationalized to make the PA initiative more successful. Conclusion: The strategies were based on practical experiences in the PHC context in Brazil, which can potentially be replicated in low- and middle-income countries. These strategies make it possible to cover other initiatives in the field of health promotion so that they can be implemented in an organized, systematized way and with robust processes in community interventions.
Performance on the Concussion Balance Test Is Indicative of Time to Recovery in Athletes Following Sports-Related Concussion: An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Quintana Carolina P. , Massingale Shelly , Heebner Nicholas R. , Pardini Jamie , Valovich-McLeod Tamara C. , Olson Anne D. , Stromberg Arnold , Hoch Matthew C.
Published: January 2025

Objective: Sports-related concussions (SRCs) are commonly occurring injuries among athletic and recreationally active populations. SRCs can result in vestibular dysfunction that should resolve before returning to activity. It has been suggested that vestibular impairment is a factor that may influence recovery time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vestibular function on recovery following SRC. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Multidisciplinary Concussion Clinic. Intervention: A total of 32 patient charts (21 males, 15.34 [1.47] y, 171.29 [8.44] cm, 68.37 [15.47] kg) from patients diagnosed with SRC presenting to a concussion clinic between August of 2016 and July 2017 with clinician-identified vestibular involvement were included. Main Outcome Measures: Scores on the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, Dynamic Visual Acuity Test, Gaze Stabilization Test, Concussion Balance Test (COBALT), and other clinical data were used for analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. Pearson correlations were used to identify variables related to time to recovery. Variables were entered into a forward linear regression model. Results: Moderate to good relationships were identified between days to recovery and Dynamic Visual Acuity Test lines lost in the leftward direction (1.17 [0.52]; r = .39, P = .04), COBALT-condition 8 sway velocity (1.20 [0.18]; r = .44, P = .01), and days to successful completion of the COBALT (14.72 [8.35]; r = .63, P < .001). Patients’ predicted time to recover was equal to 14.61 (0.86) (days to successful COBALT). The model was significant (P < .001, R2 = .30). Conclusion: The single predictor of time to recover was the number of days to successful completion of the COBALT. Thus, the ability to complete the task may be more informative than the performance on the task in predicting recovery time.
Resting Metabolic Rate and Recovery From Sport-Related Concussion: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Nerrie J. Matthew , Valovich McLeod Tamara C.
Published: January 2025

Clinical Scenario: Critical appraisal of whole-body metabolism as a measure of concussion recovery is lacking in the available evidence. There has been extensive exploration of options for a gold standard assessment for concussion, including blood biomarkers, electroencephalogram, and neuroimaging, but none have yet to demonstrate good empirical evidence of efficacy. Clinical Question: In patients with sport-related concussion (SRC), can resting metabolic rate (RMR), as measured through indirect calorimetry, be used as a physiologic assessment of recovery? Summary of Key Findings: Three studies demonstrated relevance to the clinical question. Of the selected studies, 2 studies were case–control, and 1 was a case series. All studies observed reduced total energy expenditure and increased energy balance when initially assessed between 24 and 72 hours after injury. Clinical Bottom Line: Evidence exists to suggest that RMR as measured with indirect calorimetry is a poor indicator of SRC recovery. All 3 articles found that RMR was not affected by SRC, even when compared with healthy controls. One article did observe a between sex difference in RMR, but a very small sample size was included in the case series. Strength of Recommendation: The findings of this critically appraised topic suggest a strength of recommendation of grade B, demonstrating that RMR is a poor indicator of recovery from SRC.
Investigating “What Works” in an Online Well-Being Intervention for Competitive and High-Performance Swimmers
Authors: Uzzell Katie S. , Knight Camilla J. , Pankow Kurtis , Hill Denise M.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the present study was to design, implement, and evaluate the delivery and utility of a multicomponent online intervention that aimed to protect and promote the well-being of competitive and high-performance swimmers. Utilizing an action research methodology, the current study evaluated the delivery and utility of an intervention comprising six online workshops that were tailored to the needs of high-performance swimmers (n attending = 46). In addition, an accompanying workshop for parents (n attending = 22) and coaches (n attending = 17) was developed and delivered. Data were analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis approach. Overall, feedback on the intervention was positive, with participants indicating that they enjoyed the sessions, particularly opportunities for discussion and reflection, as well as learning from the experiences of a professional swimmer. Participants also indicated that their understanding and knowledge regarding well-being increased, as well as gaining reassurance and confidence regarding the support and strategies they had available. Nevertheless, there were some challenges and limitations identified with the workshops, which should be considered for future research and interventions.
Conservative management of large-volume chylous ascites following a robotic-assisted left radical nephrectomy
Authors: Carey Charles , Harding Freya , Spiteri Karl , Quraishi Mohammed Kamil
Published: January 2025

Chyle leak is a rare complication following nephrectomy and may result in chylous ascites. A patient in her 70s was diagnosed with a left renal tumour and underwent a robotic-assisted radical nephrectomy. She presented 9 days post discharge with chyle leaking from the left port site wound, which settled after 2 days of inpatient monitoring. 17 days later, she re-presented with significant abdominal distension and was diagnosed with large-volume chylous ascites. An abdominal drain was inserted, and she was started on 50µg octreotide two times per day and discharged. She was then readmitted 7 days later with dizziness, hyponatraemia and significant weight loss, and treated with total parenteral nutrition for 29 days. Her drain output declined gradually, and the ascites did not reaccumulate after it was eventually removed. This case highlights a rare instance of large-volume chylous ascites following robotic-assisted radical nephrectomy, and how it may be successfully treated using conservative methods.
Management of haemolysis-induced hyperkalaemia in an extremely low birthweight infant exposed to maternal sulfasalazine
Authors: Rafferty Sophia , Walters Burkey Betsy , Das Anirudha , Aziz Hany
Published: January 2025

Sulfasalazine is a non-specific immunomodulator with haemolytic anaemia as a known side effect that crosses the placenta. We present a preterm neonate with cardiac arrhythmia secondary to hyperkalaemia in the setting of maternal sulfasalazine therapy. A preterm infant was born to a mother taking hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, aspirin and enoxaparin throughout pregnancy. Ventricular tachycardia developed at 24 hours of life with a serum potassium of 7.2 mmol/L and hyperkalaemia medication treatment resulted in the resolution of the arrhythmia. At 42 hours of life, arrhythmia reoccurred with a serum potassium of 8.8 mmol/L. Treatment for hyperkalaemia was initiated without a return to normal sinus rhythm, thus rectal sodium polystyrene sulfonate was administered and electrocardiogram (EKG) normalised. This is the first reported case of hyperkalaemia in a neonate associated with maternal sulfasalazine use. Healthcare professionals should be aware of potential electrolyte alterations with sulfasalazine use during pregnancy.