bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM MEMINIMALISIR DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL PADA ANAK MELALUI OMAH BOCAH DI KOANG KECAMATAN JETIS KABUPATEN BANTUL YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sofiana Ade , Djannah Sitti Nur
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Social problems that have occurred have been successfully adopted by the development media that can be used as victims or perpetrators of crime through social media. The many negative impacts of using social media to make children, build the Omah Bocah community in the Koang area of Jetis District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta with the aim of minimizing the use of social media. The importance of integrating the community in the context of social issues so that it can be used to analyze the community in minimizing the use of social media use in children through Omah Bocah in Koang, Jetis District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. Method: qualitative research with observational descriptive design. Using interview and observation methods. The research subjects consisted of eleven people consisting of one of the founders of Omah Bocah, two Omah Bocah administrators, three children of Omah Bocah users, two community leaders and three communities. Data collection tools are interview guides, observation guides, handpones and stationery. Results: Omah Bocah is a community that aims to minimize the impact of using social media. The history and strategy of the establishment of Omah Bocah with the role of community participation has included determining strategic locations and easy access. socialization of the delivery of vision and mission. Community empowerment and community self-reliance according to ability. Participation is seen from participation in planning, implementation, monitoring evaluation and utilization has been running well to include all levels of society with their respective roles. Obstacles from the implementation of Omah Bocah in the form of awareness from their children and also the ability to procure materials by the Omah Bocah management.
Perfiles docentes en el contexto de la transformación digital de la escuela
Authors: Sosa Díaz María José , Valverde Berrocoso Jesús
Published: February 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN. La figura del docente tiene un papel fundamental en la integración de las TIC en los centros educativos, y la construcción de perfiles del profesorado ha sido utilizada en la investigación educativa sobre el uso pedagógico de las tecnologías digitales. Sin embargo, no existe aún un modelo teórico explicativo que aúne todos los factores y variables que permita implementar estrategias de integración de las TIC en las aulas, centradas en las necesidades y características del profesorado. Es por tal motivo que la presente investigación identifica diferentes perfiles del profesorado y aporta evidencias sobre factores que influyen en el modo de utilización de las tecnologías en la práctica docente. MÉTODO. Se ha realizado una investigación longitudinal con un estudio de casos múltiples, utilizando la entrevista semiestructurada como principal método de recogida de datos y el procedimiento de comparación constante de la teoría fundamentada como técnica para el análisis de datos. En este estudio han participado cuatro centros de educación primaria e infantil y coordinadores TIC, profesorado, miembros de equipos directivos, familias y asesores TIC (n=57). RESULTADOS. Se concluye el estudio con un modelo teórico explicativo conformado por cuatro perfiles de profesorado respecto al uso de las tecnologías en el aula: “reacio”, “aprendiz”, “gestor” y “e-innovador”. DISCUSIÓN. Los factores de la implementación de las tecnologías en la práctica docente identificados y coincidentes con otros estudios son la competencia digital docente, la formación permanente, las actitudes hacia las TIC, la autoconfianza, la colaboración con personal experto en TIC y la presión percibidadesde el contexto escolar.
Silver holographic gratings as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering gas analysis
Authors: Petrov Dmitry V. , Kostenko Matvey A. , Shcherbakov Alexey A.
Published: February 2020

This work is devoted to the investigation of the enhancement of Raman signals of nonadsorbed gases in the vicinity of corrugated metallic surfaces supporting propagating surface plasmon-polaritons (PSPPs). Simulation of the PSPP excitation efficiency on holographic gratings coated with silver films of various thicknesses at different groove heights was carried out. Verification showed good agreement between theory and experiment. Also, it was found that an increase of the PSPP excitation efficiency may not lead to an increase in the enhancement factor of Raman signals of gases located near the surface-enhanced Raman scattering active surface. For a holographic grating with a period of 667 nm, a groove height of 70 nm, and a silver film thickness of 30 nm coated with a protective

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Wide-vergence, multi-spectral adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope with diffraction-limited illumination and collection
Authors: Mozaffari Sanam , LaRocca Francesco , Jaedicke Volker , Tiruveedhula Pavan , Roorda Austin
Published: February 2020

Visualizing and assessing the function of microscopic retinal structures in the human eye is a challenging task that has been greatly facilitated by ophthalmic adaptive optics (AO). Yet, as AO imaging systems advance in functionality by employing multiple spectral channels and larger vergence ranges, achieving optimal resolution and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) becomes difficult and is often compromised. While current-generation AO retinal imaging systems have demonstrated excellent, near diffraction-limited imaging performance over wide vergence and spectral ranges, a full theoretical and experimental analysis of an AOSLO that includes both the light delivery and collection optics has not been done, and neither has the effects of extending wavefront correction from one wavelength to imaging performance in different spectral channels. Here, we report a methodology and system design for simultaneously achieving diffraction-limited performance in both the illumination and collection paths for a wide-vergence, multi-spectral AO scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) over a 1.2 diopter vergence range while correcting the wavefront in a separate wavelength. To validate the design, an AOSLO was constructed to have three imaging channels spanning different wavelength ranges (543 ± 11 nm, 680 ± 11 nm, and 840 ± 6 nm, respectively) and one near-infrared wavefront sensing channel (940 ± 5 nm). The AOSLO optics and their alignment were determined via simulations in optical and optomechanical design software and then experimentally verified by measuring the AOSLO’s illumination and collection point spread functions (PSF) for each channel using a phase retrieval technique. The collection efficiency was then measured for each channel as a function of confocal pinhole size when imaging a model eye achieving near-theoretical performance. Imaging results from healthy human adult volunteers demonstrate the system’s ability to resolve the foveal cone mosaic in all three imaging channels despite a wide spectral separation between the wavefront sensing and imaging channels.
Semisupervised classification of hyperspectral images with low-rank representation kernel
Authors: Ahmadi Seyyed Ali , Mehrshad Nasser
Published: February 2020

A semisupervised deformed kernel function, using low-rank
representation with consideration of local geometrical structure of
data, is presented for the classification of hyperspectral images. The
proposed method incorporates the wealth of unlabeled information to
deal with the limited labeled samples situation as a common case in
HSIs applications. The proposed kernel needs to be computed before
training the classifier, e.g., a support vector machine, and it relies
on combining the standard radial basis function kernel based on
labeled information and the low-rank representation kernel obtained
using all available (labeled and unlabeled) information. The low-rank
representation kernel can overcome the difficulties of clustering
methods that are used to construct the kernels such as bagged kernel
and multi-scale bagged kernel. The experimental results of two
well-known HSIs data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the
proposed method in comparison with cluster kernels obtained using
traditional clustering methods and graph learning methods.
Three-stage full-wave simulation architecture for in-depth analysis of microspheres in microscopy
Authors: Yu Li-Yu , Cyue Zih-Rou , Su Guo-Dung J.
Published: February 2020

Over a decade, considerable development has been achieved in microsphere microscopy; the popularity of this method is attributable to its compatibility with biomedical applications. Although microscopy has been used extensively, insufficient analyses and simulation approaches capable of explaining the experimental observations have hampered its theoretical development. In this paper, a three-stage full-wave simulation architecture has been presented for the in-depth analysis of the imaging properties of microspheres. This simulation architecture consists of forward and backward propagation mechanisms, following the concept of geometric optics and strictly complying to wave optics at each stage. Three numerical simulation methods, including FDTD, NTFF, and ASPW, are integrated into this simulation architecture to encompass near-field and far-field behaviors and relieve the computational burden. We validated this architecture by comparing our simulation results with the experimental data provided in literature. The results confirmed that the proposed architecture exhibits high consistency both qualitatively and quantitatively. By using this architecture, we demonstrated the near-field effect of the samples on the resolution and provided evidence to explain the conflicts in literature. Moreover, the flexibility and versatility of the proposed architecture in modeling allow adaptation to various scenarios in microsphere microscopy. The results of this study, as an imaging analysis and system design platform, may facilitate the development of microsphere microscopy for biomedical imaging, wafer inspection, and other potential applications.
Photon-limited single-pixel imaging
Authors: Liu Xialin , Shi Jianhong , Sun Lei , Li Yonghao , Fan Jianping , Zeng Guihua
Published: February 2020

Photon-limited imaging technique is desired in tasks of capturing and reconstructing images by detecting a small number of photons. However, it is still a challenge to achieve high photon-efficiency. Here, we propose a novel photon-limited imaging technique that explores the consistency of photon detection probability in a single pulse and light intensity distribution in a single-pixel correlated imaging system. We demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that our technique can reconstruct a high-quality 3D image by using only one pulse each frame, thereby achieving a high photon efficiency of 0.01 detected photons per pixel. Long-distance field experiments for 100 km cooperative target and 3 km practical target are conducted to verify its feasibility. Compared with the conventional single-pixel imaging, which requires hundreds or thousands of pulses per frame, our technique saves two orders of magnitude in the consumption of total light power and acquisition time.
Monitoring of vital bio-signs by analysis of speckle patterns in a fabric-integrated multimode optical fiber sensor
Authors: Bennett Aviya , Beiderman Yevgeny , Agdarov Sergey , Beiderman Yafim , Hendel Rotem , Straussman Barak , Zalevsky Zeev
Published: February 2020

Continuous noninvasive measurement of vital bio-signs, such as cardiovascular parameters, is an important tool in evaluation of the patient’s physiological condition and health monitoring. Based on new enabling technologies, continuous monitoring of heart and respiration rate, pulse wave velocity and blood pressure have been investigated, advanced and reflected in numerous papers published in recent years. In this paper, we introduce a new technique for noninvasive sensing of vital bio-signs based on a multimode optical fiber sensor that can be integrated into a fabric. The sensor consists of a laser, optical fiber, video camera and computer. Its operation is based on tracking of point-wise intensity variations on speckle patterns caused by interference of the light modes within the fiber subjected to deformation. The paper contains theoretical analysis and experimental validation of the proposed scheme. The main goal is to advance a simple low-cost sensor embedded in a cloth fabric to track changes in the cardiovascular condition of the wearer.
Holographic display having a wide viewing zone using a MEMS SLM without pixel pitch reduction
Authors: Takekawa Yoshitaka , Takashima Yuzuru , Takaki Yasuhiro
Published: February 2020

A one-micron pixel pitch is believed to be required for spatial light modulators (SLMs) to realize holographic displays possessing a wide viewing zone. This study proposes the use of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) SLM for not only displaying holographic patterns but also scanning laser beam. During the rotation of MEMS mirrors in the MEMS SLM, the timing of laser pulses illuminating the MEMS SLM is controlled to change the reflection direction of light modulated by the MEMS SLM in order to enlarge the viewing zone. In this technique, the width of the viewing zone depends on the rotation angle of MEMS mirrors, and not on the pitch of pixels (MEMS mirrors). We experimentally demonstrated the enlargement of the viewing zone angle to ∼40° using the MEMS SLM with a pixel pitch of 13.68 µm.
Multimodal plasmonic optical fiber grating aptasensor
Authors: Lobry Maxime , Loyez Médéric , Hassan Eman M. , Chah Karima , DeRosa Maria C. , Goormaghtigh Erik , Wattiez Ruddy , Caucheteur Christophe
Published: February 2020

Tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) are now a well-established technology in the scientific literature, bringing numerous advantages, especially for biodetection. Significant sensitivity improvements are achieved by exciting plasmon waves on their metal-coated surface. Nowadays, a large part of advances in this topic relies on new strategies aimed at providing sensitivity enhancements. In this work, TFBGs are produced in both single-mode and multimode telecommunication-grade optical fibers, and their relative performances are evaluated for refractometry and biosensing purposes. TFBGs are biofunctionalized with aptamers oriented against HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2), a relevant protein biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis. In vitro assays confirm that the sensing performances of TFBGs in multimode fiber are higher or identical to those of their counterparts in single-mode fiber, respectively, when bulk refractometry or surface biosensing is considered. These observations are confirmed by numerical simulations. TFBGs in multimode fiber bring valuable practical assets, featuring a reduced spectral bandwidth for improved multiplexing possibilities enabling the detection of several biomarkers.
Polarization sensitive microstructures fabricated on lithium niobate surfaces by using femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Liu Wei , Hu Jie , Wang Guoyan , Wang Qingsong , Wang Suocheng , Wang Shaojun
Published: February 2020

Polarization sensitive microstructures with different morphologies were induced by irradiating dual lithium niobate crystals with femtosecond laser pulses. An upper lithium niobate crystal served as a mask plate to tailor light field, which led to the formation of crater and arc-shaped structures on the surface of a lower lithium niobate crystal. In single-shot irradiation, the orientation and morphology of resultant microstructures can be tailored by controlling the focusing position, because focus splitting took place when a focused laser light propagated through dual lithium niobate crystals. In scanning, the width and morphology of laser scan lines can be governed using various combinations of focusing position and scanning direction. Furthermore, large-area micro/nanostructures with different topography features were successfully fabricated on the crystal surface and their absorption spectra indicated that the absorptance in the visible wavelength range was strongly dependent on fabricated micro/nanostructures. This new type of structured lithium niobate surfaces can be potentially applied in optical and photonic devices.
Dynamically selective control of dual-mode electromagnetically induced transparency in terahertz metal-graphene metamaterial
Authors: Zhang Kun , Liu Yan , Wu Hongwei , Xia Feng , Kong Weijin
Published: February 2020

Here, we design a metal-graphene metamaterial to selectively control
dual EIT modes. The metallic metamaterial consists of bright, dark,
and quasi-dark meta-atoms, leading to two EIT modes. Meanwhile,
monolayer graphene ribbons inserted under the dark meta-atoms and
quasi-dark meta-atoms are separately connected to different electric
sources. In simulation, both the two EIT modes and the time delays can
be selectively controlled. Moreover, the number of the EIT modes can
be tuned from two to one, and even to zero. Our work provides a
strategy to selectively control the two EIT modes and the slow light
compacted in a terahertz metamaterial, which may achieve potential
applications in actively tunable integrated terahertz devices.
Alternative media, self-representation and Arab-American women
Authors: Oumlil Kenza
Published: February 2020

Arab-American women often find themselves represented in the mainstream media as oppressed victims in need of saving, but what sometimes gets less attention are the ways in which Arab-American women themselves are adding to the media landscape, through poetry, film and other forms. This article offers a textual analysis of artistic interventions circulated by Arab-American women in the media sphere, and supplements the analysis of the content and context of these interventions with individual interviews with the artists involved. It focuses on the poetry of Suheir Hammad and the cinematic interventions of Annemarie Jacir, which I situate as alternative media. I conceptualise alternative media as media content that challenges dominant assumptions and offers stylistic innovations for the purpose of inspiring social change. In addition, I argue that alternative media consist of transforming the existing stock of material into one’s own language in order to promote social justice. The article concludes with remarks regarding the opportunities and the limitations of alternative media in effecting social transformation.
Putting the ‘love back in’ to journalism: Transforming habitus in Aboriginal affairs student reporting
Authors: Mason Bonita , Thomson Chris , Bennett Dawn , Johnston Michelle
Published: February 2020

While journalism scholars have identified a lack of critical reflexivity in journalism, few have identified ways to educate university students for critically reflexive journalism practice. This article reports on a university teaching project that enables such practice as a means to counter exclusions, stereotyping and misrepresentation of Aboriginal people by large-scale Australian media. Using Bourdieu’s concept of habitus to track transformations in student dispositions, particularly as they relate to practice, the article shows how participating students became more competent and confident Aboriginal affairs journalists with a strengthened sense of themselves, their practice and the journalistic field. Their investment in the field was strengthened as they sought to tell hidden and disregarded stories, and to include previously excluded voices, perspectives and representations. The article describes and analyses an example of critically reflexive learning, practice and teaching that has the potential to transform students’ learning, the journalistic field and relations between Aboriginal non-Aboriginal Australians.
Book Reviews
Authors: Thomas Pradip
Published: February 2020

Cottle, S & Cooper, G (eds) (2014) Humanitarianism, Communications and Change. New York: Peter Lang. ISBN 9 7814 3312 5263, 292 pp.
Activist archiving of alternative media in Canada: The tip of a fast-melting iceberg
Authors: Kozolanka Kirsten , Lithgow Michael
Published: February 2020

The struggles of subjugated communities against the status quo often find their only visibility in alternative media. These are media that function outside traditional market-based routines, servicing small, neglected audiences whose experiences challenge or destabilise hegemonic discourses. Their marginalised political and cultural status is largely what makes them alternative: these are the articulations of activist citizens whose exclusion from dominant media has driven them into the production of their own cultural texts. Yet alternative media texts – like news texts generally – quickly lose their cultural currency. Archives exist as an apparatus of cultural preservation and legitimisation, but they traditionally have been the purview of large state-run or private institutions with little interest in preserving alternative media. This article examines the practices and preservation of alternative media archives in Canada. By mapping archival practices at sites of independent media production across Canada, and also archiving practices at a sample of provincial, municipal, independent and community archives in relation to alternative media holdings, this research assesses the current state of archiving alternative media records in a Canadian setting. The findings of the study suggest that while institutional archives often overlook alternative media records as falling outside of their explicit mandates, alternative media organisations are struggling to preserve their histories due to financial, technological and expertise deficiencies. Our findings suggest that a broad national strategy to help Canada deal with an alarming loss of alternative cultural records is long overdue, and that a partnership of archivists, activists, librarians and alternative media practitioners would constitute an important path forward at a time when our forgotten activist media are close to being lost.
Goals of Treatment for Improved Survival in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Treatment Target Should Be Bilirubin Within the Normal Range and Normalization of Alkaline Phosphatase
Authors: Murillo Perez Carla F. , Harms Maren H. , Lindor Keith D. , van Buuren Henk R. , Hirschfield Gideon M. , Corpechot Christophe , van der Meer Adriaan J. , Feld Jordan J. , Gulamhusein Aliya , Lammers Willem J. , Ponsioen Cyriel Y. , Carbone Marco , Mason Andrew L. , Mayo Marlyn J. , Invernizzi Pietro , Battezzati Pier Maria , Floreani Annarosa , Lleo Ana , Nevens Frederik , Kowdley Kris V. , Bruns Tony , Dalekos George N. , Gatselis Nikolaos K. , Thorburn Douglas , Trivedi Palak J. , Verhelst Xavier , Parés Albert , Janssen Harry L.A. , Hansen Bettina E. ,   on behalf of the GLOBAL PBC Study Group
Published: February 2020

INTRODUCTION:

In primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are widely established as independent predictors of prognosis. Current treatment goals do not aim for normalization of surrogate markers because their association with survival has not been defined.

METHODS:

The patient cohort from the GLOBAL PBC Study Group was used, comprising of long-term follow-up data from European and North American centers. Ursodeoxycholic acid-treated and untreated patients with bilirubin levels ≤1 × upper limit of normal (ULN) at baseline or 1 year were included. The association of normal ALP with transplant-free survival was assessed in a subgroup with ALP ≤1.67 × ULN at 1 year. Optimal thresholds of bilirubin and ALP to predict liver transplantation (LT) or death were evaluated.

RESULTS:

There were 2,281 patients included in the time zero cohort and 2,555 patients in the 1-year cohort. The bilirubin threshold with the highest ability to predict LT or death at 1 year was 0.6 × ULN (hazard ratio 2.12, 95% CI 1.69–2.66, P < 0.001). The 10-year survival rates of patients with bilirubin ≤0.6 × ULN and >0.6 × ULN were 91.3% and 79.2%, respectively (P < 0.001). The risk for LT or death was stable below the bilirubin levels of 0.6 × ULN, yet increased beyond this threshold. Ursodeoxycholic acid-induced reduction in bilirubin below this threshold was associated with an 11% improvement in 10-year survival. Furthermore, ALP normalization was optimal, with 10-year survival rates of 93.2% in patients with ALP ≤ 1 × ULN and 86.1% in those with ALP 1.0–1.67 × ULN.

DISCUSSION:

Attaining bilirubin levels ≤0.6 × ULN or normal ALP are associated with the lowest risk for LT or death in patients with PBC. This has important implications for treatment targets.
Hermeneutyczne granice etyki i etyczne granice hermeneutyki
Authors: Torzewski Wojciech
Published: February 2020

Artykuł wskazuje pięć głównych punktów, w ramach których zachodzą związki między problematyką hermeneutyczną i etyczną. Można je wyrazić w pięciu tezach: 1) W działaniu moralnym zawarta jest praktyka hermeneutyczna. 2) Hermeneutyczna wykładnia rozumu praktycznego określa granice etyki. 3) Rozumienie samo jest fenomenem etycznym. 4) Z hermeneutyki daje się wyprowadzić etykę hermeneutyczną. 5) Hermeneutyka jest uzasadniona etycznie. Treść artykułu ogranicza się do analizy przede wszystkim tezy trzeciej – jak się wydaje, dotyczy ona kwestii zasadniczych tj. różnicy przedmiotu hermeneutyki i etyki oraz rozumienia tego, co praktyczne i teoretyczne. Poruszone również zostają zagadnienia związane z tezami pierwszą i drugą, co stanowi wstęp do głównych rozważań, w których ma miejsce odwołanie się do różnicy, jaka występuje między Hansem-Martinem Schönherr-Mannem i Pawłem Dyblem, w poglądach na temat etycznego znaczenia hermeneutyki.
L’engouement du marketing pour la confiance : quelle place pour l’éthique ?
Authors: Bonnaud-Le Roux Sophie
Published: February 2020

On observe depuis quelques années un engouement pour la notion de confiance parmi les discours marketing, qui est emblématique d’un déplacement des catégories réflexives d’un marketing dit transactionnel vers un marketing dit relationnel. Une analyse socio-sémiotique d’un corpus de sources professionnelles montre que la confiance des consommateurs vis-à-vis des marques y est pensée comme la résultante de comportements stratégiques empreints d’un savoir-être relationnel. Celui-ci se coache et se construit suivant un système de codes, supposément empruntés à la sphère interpersonnelle. Le projet de cet article ne vise pas à préjuger de la qualité éthique des démarches professionnelles, mais à questionner l’approche fonctionnaliste et technicisante de la confiance marque-consommateurs, en interrogeant le lien entre d’une part les démarches communicationnelles préconisées et mises en place au sein de la fonction marketing et d’autre part les aspects éthiques de la confiance.
 
Marketing shifted from a transactional to a mainly relational approach over the last few years. This article displays the results of a socio-semiotic analysis based on book chapters and articles written by professionals, all of them mentioning trust between brands and customers. This analysis shows that brand-customer trust is thought of as the result of a relational know-how using the codes of human relationships. This article questions this technicizing and functionalist representation of trust as well as both strategic and ethical dimensions of “customer relationship” in marketing representations.
Atypies, hybridités et temporalités dans les métiers de la communication
Authors: Baillargeon Dany , Coutant Alexandre
Published: February 2020

Communication & professionnalisation conserve ouverts ses numéros thématiques, de sorte à recevoir de nouvelles contributions et ainsi enrichir, de façon incrémentielle, les différents thèmes. Une fois l’appel à contributions considéré comme fermé, les responsables éditoriaux closent le numéro en posant un regard rétrospectif sur les articles reçus.
De policier à communicant dans la police nationale : les conditions sociales d’une conversion improbable
Authors: Le Saulnier Guillaume
Published: February 2020

Cette enquête ethnographique réalisée au sein du Service d’information et de communication de la police (SICoP) se concentre sur les policiers devenus communicants et les conditions de leur conversion professionnelle. Elle interroge leurs profils et leurs parcours, ainsi que la construction de leur compétence et de leur identité. La communication fait l’objet d’une intégration avancée et de processus de professionnalisation dans la police nationale. Si le service observé s’adjoint de plus en plus les compétences de spécialistes, il se compose majoritairement de policiers issus des services actifs et dépourvus d’expérience dans la communication. En découle le rôle crucial de la formation des recrues, par une inculcation formelle et, surtout, informelle des techniques et des normes de travail. Mais les compétences acquises se heurtent au fonctionnement bureaucratique de l’institution, où la communication reste étroitement contrôlée et subordonnée aux préoccupations et aux intérêts du pouvoir politique. De surcroît, les policiers communicants occupent une position marginale au sein de leur groupe professionnel. Pour légitimer leur existence et leur compétence, ils s’efforcent d’établir une continuité entre le rôle de policier et celui de communicant, par des opérations à la fois objectives et subjectives.
 
This ethnographical survey conducted in the Police’s Information and Communication Service (SICoP) focuses on the French policemen who become communication officers and the conditions of their professional conversion. It examines their profiles and their careers, as well as the construction of their competence and identity. Communication is widely integrated and concerned with processes of professionalization in the French police. The service recruits more and more communication specialists, but it consists predominantly of policemen from street-level offices or criminal police who lack of experience in communication. Hence the critical role of the training of recruits, through formal and informal teaching of professional techniques and norms. But the skills acquired are in conflict with the bureaucratic management of the institution, where communication remains highly controlled and subjected to the concerns and the interests of political power. Moreover, the position of police communication officers is marginal within their profession. In order to legitimate their existence and their competence, they try to establish a link between the role of policeman and the role of communication officer, through both objective and subjective means.
Les communicateurs de l’Europe : des acteurs frontières confrontés à l’hybridité professionnelle et organisationnelle
Authors: Roginsky Sandrine
Published: February 2020

Les communicateurs de l’Europe, qui travaillent au sein ou en périphérie des institutions européennes, sont des acteurs frontières, au croisement de différents univers professionnels et mondes sociaux. La diversité, voire la fragmentation, des activités professionnelles qui sont les leurs participe à l’hybridité de la fonction qui semble ainsi recouvrir des missions très variées. L’hybridité professionnelle constitue certainement un atout pour les communicateurs qui, caméléons, peuvent facilement s’adapter à l’hybridité organisationnelle à laquelle ils sont confrontés, mais, ce faisant, tend à complexifier les modalités de professionnalisation. Les communicateurs peinent ainsi à faire reconnaître leur fonction. L’usage des dispositifs de réseaux socionumériques est envisagé par certains comme outil de légitimation, sans que cela ne facilite pour autant la fabrique d’un éthos professionnel commun. L’éthos européen qu’ils partagent est cependant un élément constitutif de leur identité professionnelle, qui peut d’ailleurs prendre le pas sur le reste.
 
The communicators of Europe, who work inside or in the periphery of European institutions, are boundary actors, at the crossroads of different professional universes and social worlds. The diversity or fragmentation of their professional activities participate in hybridizing their work which includes a wide range of tasks. Professional hybridity is both an opportunity for communicators who, like chameleons, can adapt to the organizational hybridity they are faced with, and a difficulty as it complicates the process of professionalization. Thus communicators struggle to make communication recognized. In such a context, use of digital social networks is identified by some of them as a tool of legitimation. Yet it does not further the making of a common professional ethos. The European ethos is, however, constitutive of their professional identify and perhaps take precedence over other considerations.
Quand un journaliste devient le directeur de la communication au sein de son entreprise de presse
Authors: Lipani Marie Christine
Published: February 2020

Cette recherche interroge la trajectoire professionnelle d’un journaliste, ancien rédacteur en chef d’un quotidien régional du sud de la France, devenu directeur de la communication au sein de la même entreprise de presse où s’est déroulé l’essentiel de son parcours journalistique. Il s’agit de comprendre comment s’opère la mutation professionnelle d’une personne bénéficiant d’une légitimité journalistique au sein de son média, et se retrouvant dans une position « hors champs » par rapport à sa première communauté d’appartenance. Dans les rédactions traditionnelles comme cela s’observe au sein des quotidiens régionaux français, les fonctions de communication souffrent encore d’un procès en illégitimité, même si, pour des raisons économiques notamment, les pratiques rédactionnelles tendant à s’hybrider de plus en plus vers des logiques plus communicationnelles (Frisque, 2014). Cette étude se concentre sur la manière dont ce professionnel, qui définit ses missions communicationnelles comme au service du contenu éditorial de la rédaction, -signifiant par là qu’il effectue, dans la façon d’appréhender son métier, une différence fondamentale entre les fonctions "habituelles" d’un directeur de la communication au sein d’une entreprise et les compétences attendues au sein d’un média- ; procède, en interne, à des mécanismes d’ajustements récurrents afin de conforter son statut quelque peu atypique.
Croisements, atypies et émergences dans les métiers du journalisme et de l’information
Authors: Baillargeon Dany , Coutant Alexandre
Published: February 2020

Ce numéro de la revue Communication & Professionnalisation espère contribuer à la réflexion sur ce secteur en crise. Particulièrement, l’objectif qu’elle s’assigne de dialogue entre chercheures et chercheurs de même qu'avec les praticiennes et praticiens trouve un écho fort dans le constat fréquent du peu de collaborations entre journalistes et chercheur·es. Si ce constat concerne une question plus large de diffusion de la connaissance, espérons que la lecture des articles de ce numéro convaincra déjà les praticien-ne-s de l’accessibilité et de l’utilité de la recherche sur un domaine qui les concerne directement : l’avenir de leur profession.
Notes de lecture
Authors: DEREZE Gérard , MEUNIER Jean-Pierre , DE SMEDT Thierry , GREVISSE Benoît , LITS Marc , HUYNEN Caroline , PERAYA Daniel
Published: February 2020

"Actes du colloque de Valence (avril 1992), Sport et télévision", par Gérard Derèze; "Michel AUTHIER et Pierre LEVY: Les arbres de connaissances", par Jean-Pierre Meunier; "Daniel BOUGNOUX: Sciences de l'information et de la communication", par Thierry De Smedt; "Eric CLEMENS: La fiction et l'apparaître", par Benoît Grevisse; "Geneviéve-Dominique de SALINS: Une introduction à l'ethnographie de la communication", par Gérard Derèze; "Jean-Louis DUFAYS: Stéréotype et lecture. Essai sur la réception littéraire", par Marc Lits; "Vincent JOUVE: L'effet-personnage dans le roman", par Marc Lits; "Michel MAFFESOLI: La contemplation du monde. Figures du style communautaire", par Caroline Huynen; "Marie-Claude VETTRAINO-SOULARD: Lire une image. Analyse de contenu iconique", par Daniel Peraya
Le sensemaking collectif dans une équipe virtuelle
Authors: Fayad François , Lambotte François
Published: February 2020

Cette étude cherche à mieux comprendre comment la collaboration fonctionne dans les équipes virtuelles (EV) en se penchant sur les cadres interprétatifs à travers lesquels les membres font sens de leur expérience. À l’aide des concepts de sensemaking, de sensegiving et de métaconversation, nous avons réalisé une analyse narrative de récits réflexifs et de conversations d’étudiants ayant participé à une collaboration en EV. Nous avons cherché à observer comment le sensemaking individuel et les interactions participaient à y définir le sensemaking collectif. Nous avons observé une absence de sensemaking collectif au niveau de l’équipe qui s’expliquerait par l’incapacité de ses membres à négocier un collectif qui les représenterait tous. Elle illustre comment des cadres interprétatifs en compétition entravent la construction et le partage de sens; l’importance du sensegiving dans le développement d’une EV; et comment la perception des contraintes technologiques de la collaboration dépend des cadres interprétatifs qui servent à les appréhender.
Le changement climatique en image et en texte
Authors: D'Almeida Nicole , Peliz Ana Carolina
Published: February 2020

Cet article présente les résultats d’un travail de recherche consacré à la référence au Groupe Intergouvernemental sur l’Evolution du Climat (GIEC) dans la presse française (l’analyse d’un corpus de presse de la presse française concernant la publication des rapports du groupe (1990, 1995, 2001 et 2007) et dans trois films marquants (Al Gore 2006, Y. Arthus Bertrand 2009, N. Hulot 2009). La mobilisation de ce corpus écrit et audiovisuel permet de cerner les contours de la configuration de la question du changement climatique. Elle permet d’envisager différentes mises en scène d’une même question et différentes conceptions de la nature. Elle permet aussi de repérer l’émergence d’une communauté interprétative polyphonique qui reprend à sa manière les travaux de ce définisseur primaire qu’est le GIEC et en fait un thème dominant de l’agenda national et international. Cette analyse permet de comprendre comment la citation-scénarisation des travaux d’un groupe d’experts publicise et fait évoluer d’une question de la sphère purement scientifique vers la sphère politique, sociale et économique en lui conférant une plus grande répercussion et visibilité.
Introduction
Authors: Biscarrat Laetitia , Bourdaa Mélanie , Patriarche Geoffroy
Published: February 2020

Introduction au dossier "Médias & Culture de Soi"
Éléments pour une typologisation de la narration radiophonique
Authors: ANTOINE Frédéric
Published: February 2020

Le récit faisait originellement intrinsèquement partie d’un des fondements du langage et de l’offre programmatique radiophonique. La concurrence intermédiatique évinça par la suite une large part du champ narratif du domaine de la radio. Depuis quelques années, on assiste toutefois à un réinvestissement du média par des formes narratives fort diverses. Ayant observé cette évolution et déterminé les invariants organisant les rapports entre le média et l’univers du récit, cet article entend aider à l’analyse actuelle de ce domaine en proposant de typologiser ces récits narratifs et d’envisager leur approche dans des matrices analytiques.
La radio généraliste sur Internet. Vers la construction d’un nouveau modèle
Authors: AMOEDO Avelino , DEL PILAR MARTINEZ-COSTA María , MORENO Elsa
Published: February 2020

La radio généraliste fait face à un changement substantiel dans ce que nous appelons la société de la communication interactive. Catalyseur de la convergence numérique, Internet constitue un nouvel espace de communication pour la radio, lequel exige de revisiter les stratégies, les concepts et la dynamique traditionnelle employés jusqu’à présent par le média radiophonique. Sur le web, la radio généraliste adopte une nouvelle dimension informative entraînant un modèle narratif, productif et programmatique original visant à apporter une alternative à l’écoute en direct et à la demande, et à encourager l’interactivité et le dialogue avec l’auditeur. Cette communication vise à décrire le nouveau statut de la radio généraliste sur Internet.
Twitter l’actualité : usages et réseautage chez les journalistes français
Authors: Mercier Arnaud
Published: February 2020

De façon à cerner au mieux les usages des réseaux sociaux par les journalistes français pour couvrir l’actualité, nous avons réalisé, en janvier 2012, une enquête par questionnaire dans une vingtaine de rédactions nationales et via notre site. Dans le même temps, nous avons construit un corpus de 600 comptes Twitter et 600 pages Facebook de journalistes publiant de façon à peu près régulière et qui possédaient le plus d’inscrits. En croisant ces données déclaratives et d’observation, nous cherchions à établir une forme de cartographie des divers usages. Les résultats obtenus nous conduisent ici à insister davantage sur Twitter, car ce réseau apparaît bien plus pratiqué par ces journalistes que Facebook.
Communication d’une stratégie de marché à partir d’une présentation d’informations à l’aide d’un jeu de plateau : le cas de la stratégie Océan Bleu et du jeu de go
Authors: Goria Stéphane
Published: February 2020

Désormais, les entreprises disposent de nombreuses approches stratégiques pour appréhender une situation de marché. Cependant, le problème de la communication et de la discussion de ces stratégies reste posé. Nous montrons ici qu’une présentation d’informations fondée sur un jeu de plateau possède les atouts nécessaires pour résoudre ce type de problème. Ainsi, nous exposons comment le jeu de go permet d’illustrer une situation compétitive sur la base de raisonnements stratégiques fondés sur le Marketing de Combat et la stratégie Océan Bleu.
L'expression émotionnelle dans le discours politique
Authors: Braud Philippe
Published: February 2020

Retraçant l’évolution de l’expression des émotions dans le temps, cet article montre que celles-ci sont désormais davantage assumées par les acteurs politiques et mieux étudiées par les chercheurs. On peut distinguer un petit nombre de registres émotionnels que les acteurs et partis mobilisent en fonction de leur positionnement dans le champ politique : il en va ainsi de l’activation de la peur ou du désir d’espérer, du recours au registre de la colère et de l’indignation, aussi bien qu’à celui de la fierté et de l’enthousiasme… Ces pratiques rhétoriques constituent des marqueurs identitaires.
Paul Rasse, Le musée réinventé. Culture, patrimoine, médiation. CNRS Editions, Paris, 2017.
Authors: Gryspeerdt Axel
Published: February 2020

Comme d'autres médias, notamment le cinéma, le musée passe par des crises et connaît des mutations et des périodes de redéfinition. Il arrive même que sur base de désertion des visiteurs, sa mort ait été annoncée.Pour qui lit Paul Rasse, pas de doutes à cet égard, le musée est bien un média. Il est même « le premium » des médias...
Une ontologie de la culture de la vigne : des savoirs académiques aux savoirs d'expérience
Authors: Hugol-Gential Clémentine , SIMON Marie , Bertaux Aurélie , Labbani Narsis Ouassila , Belkaroui Rami , Mouakher Amira , Nicolle Christophe
Published: February 2020

Dans le cadre d’un projet FUI initié en octobre 2016 (projet winecloud) visant à construire un outil de traçabilité et prédictif du cycle de la vigne et du vin, un travail sur la collecte et la nature des savoirs a été nécessaire de manière à penser un système ontologique qui se rapproche le plus du raisonnement du domaine métier. Le présent article vise plus spécifiquement à étudier le cycle de vie de la vigne. Nous rendons compte que les savoirs académiques présents dans les sources théoriques et scientifiques s’ajustent, se réactualisent à la lumière des savoirs d’expérience des viticulteurs. Ce travail s’attache également à analyser la nature protéiforme des savoirs d’expérience et à rendre compte de leur pluralité.
Coconut
Authors: Kondylakis Haridimos , Dayan Niv , Zoumpatianos Kostas , Palpanas Themis
Published: February 2020

Many modern applications produce massive amounts of data series that need to be analyzed, requiring efficient similarity search operations. However, the state-of-the-art data series indexes that are used for this purpose do not scale well for massive datasets in terms of performance, or storage costs. We pinpoint the problem to the fact that existing summarizations of data series used for indexing cannot be sorted while keeping similar data series close to each other in the sorted order. This leads to two design problems. First, traditional bulk-loading algorithms based on sorting cannot be used. Instead, index construction takes place through slow top-down insertions, which create a non-contiguous index that results in many random I/Os. Second, data series cannot be sorted and split across nodes evenly based on their median value; thus, most leaf nodes are in practice nearly empty. This further slows down query speed and amplifies storage costs. To address these problems, we present Coconut. The first innovation in Coconut is an inverted, sortable data series summarization that organizes data series based on a z-order curve, keeping similar series close to each other in the sorted order. As a result, Coconut is able to use bulk-loading techniques that rely on sorting to quickly build a contiguous index using large sequential disk I/Os. We then explore prefix-based and median-based splitting policies for bottom-up bulk-loading, showing that median-based splitting outperforms the state of the art, ensuring that all nodes are densely populated. Overall, we show analytically and empirically that Coconut dominates the state-of-the-art data series indexes in terms of construction speed, query speed, and storage costs.
Distributed evaluation of subgraph queries using worst-case optimal low-memory dataflows
Authors: Ammar Khaled , McSherry Frank , Salihoglu Semih , Joglekar Manas
Published: February 2020

We study the problem of finding and monitoring fixed-size subgraphs in a continually changing large-scale graph. We present the first approach that (i) performs worst-case optimal computation and communication, (ii) maintains a total memory footprint linear in the number of input edges, and (iii) scales down per-worker computation, communication, and memory requirements linearly as the number of workers increases, even on adversarially skewed inputs.

Our approach is based on worst-case optimal join algorithms, recast as a data-parallel dataflow computation. We describe the general algorithm and modifications that make it robust to skewed data, prove theoretical bounds on its resource requirements in the
massively parallel computing
model, and implement and evaluate it on graphs containing as many as 64 billion edges. The underlying algorithm and ideas generalize from finding and monitoring subgraphs to the more general problem of computing and maintaining relational equi-joins over dynamic relations.