bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Petro-Mineralogical and Geochemical Evaluation of Glauconitic Rocks of the Ukra Member (Bhuj Formation), Kutch Basin, India
Authors: Shekhar Saurabh , Kumari V. , Sinha S. , Mishra D. , Agrawal A. , Sahu K. K.
Published: March 2022

Glauconites occurring within the Ukra Member of Kutch Basin have remained unexplored in terms of their economic significance. The present study aimed to present a detailed physicochemical characterization of glauconite occurring in the siliciclastic rocks of Guneri and Umarsar area of the Kutch district, Gujarat, India to explore their economic potential. The study involved an integrated petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical investigation of glauconitic rocks to highlight the occurrence, nature, and maturity of glauconite. The characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) combined with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Petrographic and bulk XRD analysis revealed that the glauconite occurs as green pellets constituting ~30 and 40% of the glauconitic sandstone and shale, respectively. Whole-rock analysis showed that the value of K2O varies considerably from 3.93 wt.% (sandstone) to 5.63 wt.% (shale). Mineral chemistry indicated the distinctive chemical composition of glauconite pellets containing 7.4–8.4 wt.% of K2O. The parameters, such as the distance between the (001) and (020) peaks and the large K2O content (~8 wt.%) of the glauconite fraction reflect an evolved to highly evolved stage of maturation. The morphological and spectral signatures further support the high degree of maturation in glauconites. Trace-element analysis implied that the glauconitic sandstone and shale contain elements such as Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, Mo, and Ni, which serve as essential micronutrients for plants. These data sets collectively constitute part of a preliminary study which is prerequisite to beneficiation, but further evaluation of its potential as a potash fertilizer also is needed.
Recombination and Novelty in Neuroevolution: A Visual Analysis
Authors: Sarti Stefano , Adair Jason , Ochoa Gabriela
Published: March 2022

Neuroevolution has re-emerged as an active topic in the last few years. However, there is a lack of accessible tools to analyse, contrast and visualise the behaviour of neuroevolution systems. A variety of search strategies have been proposed such as Novelty search and Quality-Diversity search, but their impact on the evolutionary dynamics is not well understood. We propose using a data-driven, graph-based model, search trajectory networks (STNs) to analyse, visualise and directly contrast the behaviour of different neuroevolution search methods. Our analysis uses NEAT for solving maze problems with two search strategies: novelty-based and fitness-based, and including and excluding the crossover operator. We model and visualise the trajectories, contrasting and illuminating the behaviour of the studied neuroevolution variants. Our results confirm the advantages of novelty search in this setting, but challenge the usefulness of recombination.
Localized Waves for the Coupled Mixed Derivative Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation in a Birefringent Optical Fiber
Authors: Song N. , Lei Y. X. , Zhang Y. F. , Zhang W.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the higher-order localized waves for the coupled mixed derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation are investigated using generalized Darboux transformation. On the basis of seed solutions and a Lax pair, the first- and second-order localized wave solutions are derived from the Nth-order iteration formulas of generalized Darboux transformation. Then, the dynamics of the localized waves are analyzed and displayed via numerical simulation. It is found that the second-order rouge wave split into three first-order rogue waves due to the influence of the separation function. In addition, a series of novel dynamic evolution plots exhibit that rogue waves coexist with dark-bright solitons and breathers.
PHISDetector: A Tool to Detect Diverse In Silico Phage–Host Interaction Signals for Virome Studies
Authors: Zhou Fengxia , Gan Rui , Zhang Fan , Ren Chunyan , Yu Ling , Si Yu , Huang Zhiwei
Published: March 2022

Phage–microbe interactions are appealing systems to study coevolution, and have also been increasingly emphasized due to their roles in human health, disease, and the development of novel therapeutics. Phage–microbe interactions leave diverse signals in bacterial and phage genomic sequences, defined as phage–host interaction signals (PHISs), which include clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) targeting, prophage, and protein–protein interaction signals. In the present study, we developed a novel tool phage–host interaction signal detector (PHISDetector) to predict phage–host interactions by detecting and integrating diverse in silico PHISs, and scoring the probability of phage–host interactions using machine learning models based on PHIS features. We evaluated the performance of PHISDetector on multiple benchmark datasets and application cases. When tested on a dataset of 758 annotated phage–host pairs, PHISDetector yields the prediction accuracies of 0.51 and 0.73 at the species and genus levels, respectively, outperforming other phage–host prediction tools. When applied to on 125,842 metagenomic viral contigs (mVCs) derived from 3042 geographically diverse samples, a detection rate of 54.54% could be achieved. Furthermore, PHISDetector could predict infecting phages for 85.6% of 368 multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and 30% of 454 human gut bacteria obtained from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Human Microbiome Project (HMP). The PHISDetector can be run either as a web server (http://www.microbiome-bigdata.com/PHISDetector/) for general users to study individual inputs or as a stand-alone version (https://github.com/HIT-ImmunologyLab/PHISDetector) to process massive phage contigs from virome studies.
Violence and the Rise of Centralized States in East Asia
Authors: Lewis Mark Edward
Published: March 2022

Violence, both physical and nonphysical, is central to any society, but it is a version of the problem that it claims to solve. This Element examines how states in ancient East Asia, from the late Shang through the end of the Han dynasty, wielded violence to create and display authority, and also how their licit violence was entangled in the 'savage' or 'criminal' violence whose suppression justified their power. The East Asian cases are supplemented through citing comparable Western ones. The themes examined include the emergence of the warrior as a human type, the overlap of hunts and combat (and the overlap between treatments of alien species and alien peoples), sacrifice of both alien captives and 'death attendants' from one's own groups, the impact of military specialization and the increased scale of armies, the emergent ideal of self-sacrifice, and the diverse aspects of violence in the regime of law.
On the role of nonlinear correlations in reduced-order modelling
Authors: Callaham Jared L. , Brunton Steven L. , Loiseau Jean-Christophe
Published: March 2022

This work investigates nonlinear dimensionality reduction as a means of improving the accuracy and stability of reduced-order models of advection-dominated flows. Nonlinear correlations between temporal proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) coefficients can be exploited to identify latent low-dimensional structure, approximating the attractor with a minimal set of driving modes and a manifold equation for the remaining modes. By viewing these nonlinear correlations as an invariant manifold reduction, this least-order representation can be used to stabilize POD–Galerkin models or as a state space for data-driven model identification. In the latter case, we use sparse polynomial regression to learn a compact, interpretable dynamical system model from the time series of the active modal coefficients. We demonstrate this perspective on a quasiperiodic shear-driven cavity flow and show that the dynamics evolves on a torus generated by two independent Stuart–Landau oscillators. The specific approach to nonlinear correlations analysis used in this work is applicable to periodic and quasiperiodic flows, and cannot be applied to chaotic or turbulent flows. However, the results illustrate the limitations of linear modal representations of advection-dominated flows and motivate the use of nonlinear dimensionality reduction more broadly for exploiting underlying structure in reduced-order models.
Synchronization and chimeras in a network of four ring-coupled thermoacoustic oscillators
Authors: Guan Yu , Moon Kihun , Kim Kyu Tae , Li Larry K.B.
Published: March 2022

We take a complex systems approach to investigating experimentally the collective dynamics of a network of four self-excited thermoacoustic oscillators coupled in a ring. Using synchronization metrics, we find a wide variety of emergent multi-scale behaviour, such as (i) a transition from intermittent frequency locking on a $\mathbb {T}^{3}$ quasiperiodic attractor to a breathing chimera, (ii) a two-cluster state of anti-phase synchronization on a periodic limit cycle, and (iii) a weak anti-phase chimera. We then compute the cross-transitivity from recurrence networks to identify the dominant direction of the coupling between the heat-release-rate ($q^{\prime }_{\mathbb {X}}$) and pressure ($p^{\prime }_{\mathbb {X}}$) fluctuations in each individual oscillator, as well as that between the pressure ($p^{\prime }_{\mathbb {X}}$ and $p^{\prime }_{\mathbb {Y}}$) fluctuations in each pair of coupled oscillators. We find that networks of non-identical oscillators exhibit circumferentially biased $p^{\prime }_{\mathbb {X}}$–$p^{\prime }_{\mathbb {Y}}$ coupling, leading to mode localization, whereas networks of identical oscillators exhibit globally symmetric $p^{\prime }_{\mathbb {X}}$–$p^{\prime }_{\mathbb {Y}}$ coupling. In both types of networks, we find that the $p^{\prime }_{\mathbb {X}}$–$q^{\prime }_{\mathbb {X}}$ coupling can be symmetric or asymmetric, but that the asymmetry is always such that $q^{\prime }_{\mathbb {X}}$ exerts a greater influence on $p^{\prime }_{\mathbb {X}}$ than vice versa. Finally, we show through a cluster analysis that the $p^{\prime }_{\mathbb {X}}$–$p^{\prime }_{\mathbb {Y}}$ interactions play a more critical role than the $p^{\prime }_{\mathbb {X}}$–$q^{\prime }_{\mathbb {X}}$ interactions in defining the collective dynamics of the system. As well as providing new insight into the interplay between the $p^\prime_{\mathbb{X}}\text{--}p^\prime_{\mathbb{Y}}$ and $p^\prime_{\mathbb{X}}\text{--}q^\prime_{\mathbb{X}}$ coupling, this study shows that even a small network of four ring-coupled thermoacoustic oscillators can exhibit a wide variety of collective dynamics. In particular, we present the first evidence of chimera states in a minimal network of coupled thermoacoustic oscillators, paving the way for the application of oscillation quenching strategies based on chimera control.
A rapidly retreating, marine-terminating glacier's modeled response to perturbations in basal traction
Authors: Downs Jacob , Johnson Jesse V.
Published: March 2022

Upernavik Isstrøm, a marine glacier undergoing rapid retreat, is simulated by forcing a numerical model with ocean-driven melt. A review of processes driving retreat led us to hypothesize that a glacier undergoing rapid retreat may be less sensitive to perturbations in the balance of forces than a glacier that is undergoing moderate changes or a glacier in steady state. Numerical experiments suggest this is not the case, and that a system in rapid retreat is as sensitive to basal traction perturbations as a system that is near to steady state. This result is important when considering other glacier systems experiencing marine-forced retreat. While the ice–ocean interface is of primary importance, additional perturbations from meltwater-forced decoupling of the glacier from its bed continue to feature in glacier dynamics.
AESCHYLUS, EUMENIDES 522–5
Authors: Morosi Francesco , Paduano Guido
Published: March 2022

Eumenides 517–25 contains a centrepiece of Aeschylean ideology—the role of punishment and fear in the ruling of the city. However, the text is vexed by serious issues at lines 522–5. This paper reassesses the main problems, reviews the most influential emendations, and puts forward a new hypothesis. It argues in favour of circumscribing the corruption, offering a new interpretation that permits retention of parts of the text that most editors have deemed impossible to restore.
A Tale of Two Coffee Colonies: Environment and Slavery in Suriname and Saint-Domingue, ca. 1750–1790
Authors: de Bivar Marquese Rafael
Published: March 2022

In the second half of the eighteenth century, European metropolitan powers succeeded in overcoming the dominance that Yemen had hitherto exercised over the world coffee supply. Two colonies of the New World stood out in this transformation, both employing African slave labor on a large scale: Suriname, owned by the Dutch, and Saint-Domingue, the main French colony in the Caribbean. However, Suriname’s growth was short-lived, and it was soon surpassed by the productive leap of Saint-Domingue. The article explores the divergent trajectories of these two colonies, focusing on the environmental conditions of the operation of coffee plantations. Rather than taking the specific combinations of land, labor, capital, and political power as an independent and locally determined set, the article examines how the coffee trajectories of Suriname and Saint-Domingue were mutually formative through the specific evolving relationships that each space had within the world-system.
Colonial Knowledge Economy: Handloom Weavers in Early Twentieth-Century United Provinces, India
Authors: Rai Santosh Kumar
Published: March 2022

In existing historiography, the modernity discourse presents modern knowledge as being more economically efficient and technologically advanced compared to traditional skills. This theoretical lens has introduced a hierarchy of production and restructured the meaning of work and division of labour within the profession of weaving. Historically, the contexts of both the modern textile industry and traditional handloom weaving were interrelated in terms of technology and skills, but they have become increasingly segregated over the last two centuries. This article suggests an apparent distinction between “modernization” as a historical process and “modernity” as a condition. Analysis of the policies and prejudices of the colonial state explains the dynamics between producers, products, and techniques in the handloom textile sector of the United Provinces during the early twentieth century, as well as the impact of government policies, nationalist ideas, and global processes on the sector. Studying these interactions allows us to explore localized nuances pertaining to knowledge and skill that have often been ignored in historiography due to preconceived cultural, political, and institutional compartmentalization of craft communities.
Effectiveness of psychological interventions in preventing postpartum depression in non-depressed women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Martín-Gómez Carmen , Moreno-Peral Patricia , Bellón Juan A. , Conejo-Cerón Sonia , Campos-Paino Henar , Gómez-Gómez Irene , Rigabert Alina , Benítez Isabel , Motrico Emma
Published: March 2022

Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most common disorders following childbirth. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SR/MA) aimed to assess the effectiveness of psychological interventions in preventing PPD in non-depressed women. PRISMA guidelines were followed. MEDLINE (Ovid and PubMed), PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, CENTRAL, OpenGrey, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry and clinicaltrial.gov were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted with pregnant or postpartum (up to 12 months) women who were non-depressed at baseline were selected. The outcomes were the incidence of PPD and/or the reduction of postpartum depressive symptoms. The standardized mean difference (SMD) using random-effect models was calculated. Sensitivity, sub-group and meta-regression analyses were performed. 17 RCTs were included in the SR and 15 in the MA, representing 4958 participants from four continents. The pooled SMD was −0.175 [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.266 to −0.083;p< 0.001] and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of this result. Heterogeneity was low (I2 = 21.20%) and was fully explained by a meta-regression model including one variable (previous deliveries). The meta-regression model and MA stratified by previous deliveries indicated that interventions focused on primiparous women are more effective. There was no evidence of publication bias. Few RCTs had an overall low risk of bias. According to GRADE, the quality of evidence was moderate. Psychological interventions have very little effectiveness in preventing PPD in non-depressed women, although this effectiveness is greater in interventions focused on primiparous women. Further RCTs with a low risk of bias and more effective interventions are needed.
Where the material and the symbolic intertwine: Making sense of the Amazon in the Anthropocene
Authors: Pereira Joana Castro , Gebara Maria Fernanda
Published: March 2022

Forests, and ways of relating to forests, are critical to the planet, yet largely neglected in IR. In this article, we engage with the debate on the Anthropocene and explore different forms of relationality to forests and Amazonian indigenous symbolism. Drawing mainly on political sociology, political ecology, and anthropology, we approach the Amazon basin as a site where nature, culture, resource extraction, and spirituality are enmeshed, and discuss material and symbolic meanings of the forest. The article starts by briefly reviewing discourses around the Anthropocene. It then looks at Amazonian countries with a specific focus on the classist foundations of socioecological exploitation that underpin anthropocentric attitudes and practices, and analyses the material way of perceiving the Amazon. It proceeds by addressing the diverse symbolism present in indigenous traditional knowledge; symbolism that may help in moving politics and society beyond the dominant attitudes that initiated the Anthropocene. Finally, the article offers possibilities for perceiving the forest differently and intertwining the Amazon's material and symbolic worlds.
Text reading in English as a second language: Evidence from the Multilingual Eye-Movements Corpus
Authors: Kuperman Victor , Siegelman Noam , Schroeder Sascha , Acartürk Cengiz , Alexeeva Svetlana , Amenta Simona , Bertram Raymond , Bonandrini Rolando , Brysbaert Marc , Chernova Daria , Da Fonseca Sara Maria , Dirix Nicolas , Duyck Wouter , Fella Argyro , Frost Ram , Gattei Carolina A. , Kalaitzi Areti , Lõo Kaidi , Marelli Marco , Nisbet Kelly , Papadopoulos Timothy C. , Protopapas Athanassios , Savo Satu , Shalom Diego E. , Slioussar Natalia , Stein Roni , Sui Longjiao , Taboh Analí , Tønnesen Veronica , Usal Kerem Alp
Published: March 2022

Research into second language (L2) reading is an exponentially growing field. Yet, it still has a relatively short supply of comparable, ecologically valid data from readers representing a variety of first languages (L1). This article addresses this need by presenting a new data resource called MECO L2 (Multilingual Eye Movements Corpus), a rich behavioral eye-tracking record of text reading in English as an L2 among 543 university student speakers of 12 different L1s. MECO L2 includes a test battery of component skills of reading and allows for a comparison of the participants’ reading performance in their L1 and L2. This data resource enables innovative large-scale cross-sample analyses of predictors of L2 reading fluency and comprehension. We first introduce the design and structure of the MECO L2 resource, along with reliability estimates and basic descriptive analyses. Then, we illustrate the utility of MECO L2 by quantifying contributions of four sources to variability in L2 reading proficiency proposed in prior literature: reading fluency and comprehension in L1, proficiency in L2 component skills of reading, extralinguistic factors, and the L1 of the readers. Major findings included (a) a fundamental contrast between the determinants of L2 reading fluency versus comprehension accuracy, and (b) high within-participant consistency in the real-time strategy of reading in L1 and L2. We conclude by reviewing the implications of these findings to theories of L2 acquisition and outline further directions in which the new data resource may support L2 reading research.
Individual differences in the development of youth externalizing problems predict a broad range of adult psychosocial outcomes
Authors: Gornik Allison E. , Clark D. Angus , Durbin C. Emily , Zucker Robert A.
Published: March 2022

This study examined how youth aggressive and delinquent externalizing problem behaviors across childhood and adolescence are connected to consequential psychosocial life outcomes in adulthood. Using data from a longitudinal, high-risk sample (N= 1069) that assessed children and their parents regularly from early childhood (ages 3–5) through adulthood, multilevel growth factors of externalizing behaviors were used to predict adult outcomes (age 24–31), providing a sense of how externalizing problems across development were related to these outcomes via maternal, paternal, teacher, and child report. Findings indicated strong support for the lasting connections between youth externalizing problems with later educational attainment and legal difficulties, spanning informants and enduring beyond other meaningful contributors (i.e., child sex, cognitive ability, parental income and education, parental mental health and relationship quality). Some support was also found, although less consistently, linking externalizing problems and later alcohol use as well as romantic relationship quality. Delinquent/rule-breaking behaviors were often stronger predictors of later outcomes than aggressive behaviors. Taken together, these results indicate the importance of the role youth externalizing behaviors have in adult psychosocial functioning one to two decades later.
Use of phase-contrast MRI to measure aortic stiffness in young-onset hypertension: a pilot study
Authors: Ozer Gokaslan Cigdem , Gokaslan Serkan , Demirel Emin , Sengul Ayan Sevgi
Published: March 2022

Background:

Young-onset hypertension is defined as hypertension diagnosed before the age of 40 years. Aortic pulse wave velocity is an indication of aortic stiffness. MRI assessment has been well verified compared to invasive pressure recordings for evaluating aortic pulse wave velocity. In this study, we aimed to determine whether aortic stiffness played a role in the aetiology of young-onset hypertension by calculating pulse wave velocity using MRI.

Methods:

We enrolled 20 patients diagnosed with young-onset hypertension and 20 volunteers without hypertension. Aortic pulse wave velocity was measured by cardiac MRI and protocol for the pulse wave velocity measurement involved the use of a 1.5 T scanner to acquire velocity-encoded, phase-contrast transverse aortic cine images. Sagittal oblique images used to measure the distance (ΔX) between the ascending aorta and descending aorta for the calculation of pulse wave velocity. The aortic flow versus time curves of ascending aorta and descending aorta were automatically obtained from the phase-contrast MRI images. Using these curves, the temporal shift (ΔT) was measured by Segment Medviso.

Findings:

The mean pulse wave velocity was 8.72 (SD 2.34) m/second (range: 7–12.8 m/second) for the patient group and 5.96 (standard deviation 1.86) m/second (range: 4.8–7.1 m/second) for the control group. The pulse wave velocity values were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (p < 0.001).

Interpretation:

Aortic stiffness may play a role in the aetiology of young-onset hypertension and serve as a non-invasive and reliable screening tool when measured by MRI.
Investigating group-based classes (‘weaning workshops’) to support complementary infant feeding in Irish primary care settings: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Flannery Caragh , Shea Caroline , O’Brien Yvonne , O’Halloran Joanne , Matvienko-Sikar Karen , Kelly Colette , Toomey Elaine
Published: March 2022

Objective:

This study aims to (1) investigate current practice regarding ‘weaning workshops’ to support complementary infant feeding delivered within Irish primary care, (2) explore the experiences and opinions of community dietitians regarding optimal content and modes of delivery of weaning workshops and (3) identify the key factors to be considered in the development and implementation of weaning workshops delivered within primary care.

Design:

Cross-sectional survey.

Setting:

Irish primary care.

Participants:

Forty-seven community-based dietitians.

Results:

Sixteen dietitians reported that workshops were run in their area with variable frequency, with ten reporting that workshops were never run in their area. Participants reported that mostly mothers of medium socio-economic status (SES) attended weaning workshops when infants were aged between 4 and 7 months, and that feedback from workshop attendees was predominantly positive. Dietitians identified that key factors to be considered in future development and delivery of weaning workshops are (1) workshop characteristics such as content, timing and venue, (2) organisational characteristics such as availability of resources and multidisciplinary involvement and (3) attendee characteristics such as SES.

Conclusions:

This study highlights substantial variability regarding provision of weaning workshops in Ireland, and a lack of standardisation regarding the provider, content and frequency of workshops where workshops are being delivered. The study also provides unique insights into the experiences and opinions of primary care community dietitians regarding the development and delivery of weaning workshops in terms of optimal content and delivery options. These perspectives will make a valuable contribution given the dearth of evidence in this area internationally.
Atomic Force Microscopy for Tumor Research at Cell and Molecule Levels
Authors: Qin Yitong , Yang Wenguang , Chu Honghui , Li Yan , Cai Shuxiang , Yu Haibo , Liu Lianqing
Published: March 2022

Tumors have posed a serious threat to human life and health. Researchers can determine whether or not cells are cancerous, whether the cancer cells are invasive or metastatic, and what the effects of drugs are on cancer cells by the physical properties such as hardness, adhesion, and Young's modulus. The atomic force microscope (AFM) has emerged as a key important tool for biomechanics research on tumor cells due to its ability to image and collect force spectroscopy information of biological samples with nano-level spatial resolution and under near-physiological conditions. This article reviews the existing results of the study of cancer cells with AFM. The main foci are the operating principle of AFM and research advances in mechanical property measurement, ultra-microtopography, and molecular recognition of tumor cells, which allows us to outline what we do know it in a systematic way and to summarize and to discuss future directions.
BOUNDEDNESS AND COMPACTNESS OF CAUCHY-TYPE INTEGRAL COMMUTATOR ON WEIGHTED MORREY SPACES
Authors: GONG RUMING , VEMPATI MANASA N. , WU QINGYAN , XIE PEIZHU
Published: March 2022

In this paper we study boundedness and compactness characterizations of the commutators of Cauchy type integrals on bounded strongly pseudoconvex domains D in
$\mathbb C^{n}$
with boundaries
$bD$
satisfying the minimum regularity condition
$C^{2}$
, based on the recent results of Lanzani–Stein and Duong et al. We point out that in this setting the Cauchy type integral is the sum of the essential part which is a Calderón–Zygmund operator and a remainder which is no longer a Calderón–Zygmund operator. We show that the commutator is bounded on the weighted Morrey space
$L_{v}^{p,\kappa }(bD)$
(
$v\in A_{p}, 1<p<\infty $
) if and only if b is in the BMO space on
$bD$
. Moreover, the commutator is compact on the weighted Morrey space
$L_{v}^{p,\kappa }(bD)$
(
$v\in A_{p}, 1<p<\infty $
) if and only if b is in the VMO space on
$bD$
.
Survival of Xanthoria parietina in simulated space conditions: vitality assessment and spectroscopic analysis
Authors: Lorenz Christian , Bianchi Elisabetta , Benesperi Renato , Loppi Stefano , Papini Alessio , Poggiali Giovanni , Brucato John Robert
Published: March 2022

Xanthoria parietina is a widespread foliose lichen growing on barks and rocks showing a broad spectrum of tolerance to air pollutants such as NOX and heavy metals, and resistance to UV-radiation because of the screening properties provided by the secondary metabolite parietin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of this lichen species to survive in the following simulated space conditions, UV-radiation in N2 atmosphere and UV-radiation in vacuum. The efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus was used as an indicator of vitality, and was expressed in terms of chlorophyll a fluorescence (FV/FM) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which were measured within 72 h from the exposure. Additionally, during the irradiation, the IR reflectance spectrum of the lichen was monitored in situ to assess changes in spectral bands. The results showed significant differences in physiological recovery trends between the treatments, highlighting that UV-radiation in vacuum causes stronger effects on FV/FM values. The IR analysis revealed several spectral band changes in the fingerprint region. The most visible variation was the 5200 cm−1 water band that disappeared in the overtone region. Nevertheless, X. parietina was able to survive UV-radiation in N2 atmosphere and in vacuum, and for this reason it may be considered a candidate for further evaluations on its survival capacity in extreme conditions.
Lagrangian formulation to investigate the effect of coupling on resonant microstrip transmission line
Authors: Samanta Susanta Kumar , Pradhan Rajib , Syam Debapriyo
Published: March 2022

An analytical and a numerical study on coupling in microstrip transmission line (MTL) are reported for different split-gap orientations of a single gap square-shaped split-ring resonator (SRR). Taking both magnetic and electric couplings and adopting Lagrangian formulation for this coupled system, mathematical relations are found for each orientation of SRR to determine the connection between coupling co-efficient and resonant mode frequency. It is shown that coupling results in higher resonance frequency when the SRR, with parallel split-gap, has the gap far from the MTL. But, a lower resonance frequency is obtained when the SRR is placed at shorter distances with parallel split-gap near to the MTL. Again, for perpendicular split-gap orientation of SRR, the resonant frequency is found in terms of an effective coupling co-efficient; at shorter distances it is found to be lower than the fundamental resonance frequency of uncoupled SRR and an opposite effect is obtained at longer distances. Using CST Microwave Studio, the resonance frequency for each split-gap orientation of SRR is also studied as a function of separation between MTL and SRR. It is observed that this phenomenon strongly depends on SRR side-length, substrate height, and separation between MTL and SRR.
Subject-specific interests and subject-specific self-concepts
Authors: Feng Xiaoli , Wang Jin-Liang , Rost Detlef H.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Academic interest and academic self-concept are important correlated motivational variables. Their common factorial structure and their shared (confounded) and non-shared (unique) power for predicting subject-tied academic achievement has not yet been satisfactorily investigated. This study investigated 588 Chinese adolescents. Two subject-tied interests and the corresponding subject-tied self-concepts were measured. The associated school marks were collected. The major subject German (first foreign language) was chosen to represent the verbal oriented school subjects, the major subject Maths was chosen to represent the numerical oriented ones. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) evidenced two motivational factors (academic interest and academic self-concept) within each school subject and two subject factors (German and Maths) within each motivational construct. Joined CFAs (which included all interest as well as all self-concept items) revealed four factors (interest German, interest Maths, self-concept German, self-concept Maths). Accordingly, four motivational scales were formed. Each scale consisted of five items. The scales had high reliabilities and displayed good convergent-divergent validities. Both motivational scales together accounted for 41.0% (German) and 22.3% (Maths) of the total achievement variance. Of these, the common (fused) shares were 19.8% (German) and 12.4% (Maths). The proportions of the total achievement variance that could be explained exclusively by only one of the two motivational variables amounted to 0.3% (interest) and 20.9% (self-concept) for German. Theses figures were 0.1% (interest) and 9.8% (self-concept) for Maths. The discussion underscores that subject-specific academic interest and subject-specific academic selfconcept, while highly correlated, should still be considered distinct constructs. A subject-tied self-concept remains an important predictor of academic achievement even after controlling for the assigned interest. The situation is different in the case of subject-tied interest. Its predictive power for academic achievement collapses after controlling for the associated selfconcept.
Present‐Day Surface Deformation of Sicily Derived From Sentinel‐1 InSAR Time‐Series
Authors: Henriquet Maxime , Peyret Michel , Dominguez Stéphane , Barreca Giovanni , Monaco Carmelo , Mazzotti Stéphane
Published: March 2022

The Quaternary geodynamics of the Central Mediterranean region is controlled by the migration of narrow orogenic belts within the slow Nubia‐Eurasia plate convergence. As testified by the occurrence of major volcanic and seismic events, the Eastern Sicilian Margin is presently one of the most active regions. Using a Permanent‐Scatterer approach, we process Sentinel‐1 satellite images acquired from 2015 to 2020 to provide an island‐wide quantification of surface displacements at a high spatiotemporal resolution. We then convert the calculated mean surface velocities along the ascending and descending satellite line of sight into the ITRF2014 reference frame by using GNSS velocity data derived from regional stations. The resulting pseudo‐3D velocity field mainly highlights a general uplift of about 1.5 ± 0.5 mm/yr of the Nebrodi‐Peloritani range and its differential motion with respect to mainland Sicily along the Cefalù‐Etna seismic zone. Permanent/Persistent‐Scatterer (PS) vertical velocities in the Eastern Hyblean region reveal a long wavelength eastward downbending of the margin, including the inferred epicentral area of the 1693 Noto earthquake. Compared to Quaternary coastal uplift rates, these results confirm the relative low activity of Western Sicily, a potential slow uplift of South‐Central Sicily and a significant discrepancy along the Eastern Hyblean margin were PS‐derived vertical velocities that appear 2–3 mm/yr lower than the Quaternary rates. Over the 2015–2020 timespan, transient processes are also captured, notably on Mount Etna, showing both magmatic pressurization uplift and collapse of the eastern flank, but also all over Sicily where numerous gravitational mass movements and anthropogenic ground subsidence are detected.
Numerical Study of the Interaction Between Wet‐Dry Weathering and Bedload Induced Abrasion
Authors: Sumner Tamaki , Mishra Jagriti , Inoue Takuya , Shimizu Yasuyuki
Published: March 2022

Erosion and weathering have always been considered as key factors regulating landscape morphodynamics. In this study, we implemented a numerical model that incorporates the effect of abrasion by saltation as well as the effect of slaking by wet‐dry weathering. Our numerical results indicate abrasion and weathering acting together on bedrock beds, that is, abrasion leads to a deep inner channel, and weathering leads to flat benches on the channel margins. We also inquired how changes in the water discharge, alluvial cover, bedrock strength and weathering depth define the abrasion and weathering rates. We found that changes in water discharge can control the weathering rate and depth and thereby the channel shape. Alluvial cover acts as tools or cover to determine the abrasion rates. Our results show that bedrock strength minimally changes the channel cross‐section while weathering depth controls the valley depth. Since weathering and abrasion occur at different heights in the channel cross‐section, there is little opportunity for weathered bedrock to be abraded. However, weathering and abrasion interact indirectly through changes in channel morphology. The internal channel incision lowers the elevation of wet‐dry weathering zone, and the formation of the bedrock bench reduces the bedload transport rate, which drives saltation‐abrasion.
Immediate Impact of Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Pulses on Whistler‐Mode Chorus Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Jin Yuyue , Liu Nigang , Su Zhenpeng , Zheng Huinan , Wang Yuming , Wang Shui
Published: March 2022

Solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling is a key link of the space weather chain. There have been increasing reports of solar wind dynamic pressure pulses influencing the whistler‐mode chorus wave growth in the inner magnetosphere, but the response conditions and mechanisms of chorus growth remain under debate. Here we present a statistical study of the immediate impact of solar wind dynamic pressure pulses on inner magnetospheric chorus waves using Van Allen Probes data from 2012 to 2019. A stronger pulse is found to have a greater likelihood to change the chorus amplitude particularly on the dayside. Positive pulses can significantly enhance chorus amplitudes, while negative ones result in a weakening in chorus amplitudes. As supported by direct observations, these pulses alter the linear growth of waves by modifying energetic electron distributions; in contrast, geomagnetic field modeling indicates no significant changes in the geomagnetic field inhomogeneity controlling the nonlinear growth threshold of waves.
CMTr cap-adjacent 2′-O-ribose mRNA methyltransferases are required for reward learning and mRNA localization to synapses
Authors: Haussmann Irmgard U. , Wu Yanying , Nallasivan Mohanakarthik P. , Archer Nathan , Bodi Zsuzsanna , Hebenstreit Daniel , Waddell Scott , Fray Rupert , Soller Matthias
Published: March 2022

Cap-adjacent nucleotides of animal, protist and viral mRNAs can be O-methylated at the 2‘ position of the ribose (cOMe). The functions of cOMe in animals, however, remain largely unknown. Here we show that the two cap methyltransferases (CMTr1 and CMTr2) of Drosophila can methylate the ribose of the first nucleotide in mRNA. Double-mutant flies lack cOMe but are viable. Consistent with prominent neuronal expression, they have a reward learning defect that can be rescued by conditional expression in mushroom body neurons before training. Among CMTr targets are cell adhesion and signaling molecules. Many are relevant for learning, and are also targets of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). Like FMRP, cOMe is required for localization of untranslated mRNAs to synapses and enhances binding of the cap binding complex in the nucleus. Hence, our study reveals a mechanism to co-transcriptionally prime mRNAs by cOMe for localized protein synthesis at synapses.
Adaptive carbon export response to warming in the Sargasso Sea
Authors: Lomas Michael W. , Bates Nicholas R. , Johnson Rodney J. , Steinberg Deborah K. , Tanioka Tatsuro
Published: March 2022

Ocean ecosystem models predict that warming and increased surface ocean stratification will trigger a series of ecosystem events, reducing the biological export of particulate carbon to the ocean interior. We present a nearly three-decade time series from the open ocean that documents a biological response to ocean warming and nutrient reductions wherein particulate carbon export is maintained, counter to expectations. Carbon export is maintained through a combination of phytoplankton community change to favor cyanobacteria with high cellular carbon-to-phosphorus ratios and enhanced shallow phosphorus recycling leading to increased nutrient use efficiency. These results suggest that surface ocean ecosystems may be more responsive and adapt more rapidly to changes in the hydrographic system than is currently envisioned in earth ecosystem models, with positive consequences for ocean carbon uptake.
Arabidopsis RBV is a conserved WD40 repeat protein that promotes microRNA biogenesis and ARGONAUTE1 loading
Authors: Liang Chao , Cai Qiang , Wang Fei , Li Shaofang , You Chenjiang , Xu Chi , Gao Lei , Cao Dechang , Lan Ting , Zhang Bailong , Mo Beixin , Chen Xuemei
Published: March 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in gene expression regulation through RNA cleavage or translation repression. Here, we report the identification of an evolutionarily conserved WD40 domain protein as a player in miRNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. A mutation in the REDUCTION IN BLEACHED VEIN AREA (RBV) gene encoding a WD40 domain protein led to the suppression of leaf bleaching caused by an artificial miRNA; the mutation also led to a global reduction in the accumulation of endogenous miRNAs. The nuclear protein RBV promotes the transcription of MIR genes into pri-miRNAs by enhancing the occupancy of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at MIR gene promoters. RBV also promotes the loading of miRNAs into AGO1. In addition, RNA-seq revealed a global splicing defect in the mutant. Thus, this evolutionarily conserved, nuclear WD40 domain protein acts in miRNA biogenesis and RNA splicing.
Carbon defect qubit in two-dimensional WS2
Authors: Li Song , Thiering Gergő , Udvarhelyi Péter , Ivády Viktor , Gali Adam
Published: March 2022

Identifying and fabricating defect qubits in two-dimensional semiconductors are of great interest in exploring candidates for quantum information and sensing applications. A milestone has been recently achieved by demonstrating that single defect, a carbon atom substituting sulphur atom in single layer tungsten disulphide, can be engineered on demand at atomic size level precision, which holds a promise for a scalable and addressable unit. It is an immediate quest to reveal its potential as a qubit. To this end, we determine its electronic structure and optical properties from first principles. We identify the fingerprint of the neutral charge state of the defect in the scanning tunnelling spectrum. In the neutral defect, the giant spin-orbit coupling mixes the singlet and triplet excited states with resulting in phosphorescence at the telecom band that can be used to read out the spin state, and coherent driving with microwave excitation is also viable. Our results establish a scalable qubit in a two-dimensional material with spin-photon interface at the telecom wavelength region.
Pretransplant endotrophin predicts delayed graft function after kidney transplantation
Authors: Tepel Martin , Alkaff Firas F. , Kremer Daan , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Thaunat Olivier , Nagarajah Subagini , Saleh Qais , Berger Stefan P. , van den Born Jacob , Krogstrup Nicoline V. , Nielsen Marie B. , Nørregaard Rikke , Jespersen Bente , Sparding Nadja , Genovese Federica , Karsdal Morten A. , Rasmussen Daniel G. K.
Published: March 2022

Delayed graft function after kidney transplantation is common and increases morbidity and health care costs. There is evidence that endotrophin, a specific fragment of pro-collagen type VI, promotes the inflammatory response in kidney diseases. We tested the hypothesis that pretransplant endotrophin in kidney transplant recipients may be associated with the risk of delayed graft function. Pretransplant plasma endotrophin was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in three independent cohorts with 806 kidney transplant recipients. The primary outcome was delayed graft function, i.e., the necessity of at least one dialysis session within one-week posttransplant. In the discovery cohort median pretransplant plasma endotrophin was higher in 32 recipients (12%) who showed delayed graft function when compared to 225 recipients without delayed graft function (58.4 ng/mL [IQR 33.4–69.0]; N = 32; vs. 39.5 ng/mL [IQR 30.6–54.5]; N = 225; P = 0.009). Multivariable logistic regression, fully adjusted for confounders showed, that pretransplant plasma endotrophin as a continuous variable was independently associated with delayed graft function in both validation cohorts, odds ratio 2.09 [95% CI 1.30–3.36] and 2.06 [95% CI 1.43–2.97]. Pretransplant plasma endotrophin, a potentially modifiable factor, was independently associated with increased risk of delayed graft function and may be a new avenue for therapeutic interventions.
Evaluation of the efficacy of CT-guided 3D template-assisted 125I seed implantation in the treatment of unresectable STS: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Guang Sheng , Liu Song , Liu Hua , Lv Wen Cai , Yang Liang , Li Chuang , Zhou Jun , Wang Ruo Yu , Song Yong Chun
Published: March 2022

To observe the safety and efficacy of CT-guided 3D template-assisted radioactive 125I seed implantation in the treatment of unresectable advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Sixty-two patients who underwent continuous 3D template-assisted radioactive 125I seed implantation for the treatment of unresectable advanced STS from August 2017 to August 2018 were selected from four tumor treatment centers for retrospective analysis. The postoperative adverse reactions and tumor response were recorded, and the postoperative complications were observed and treated at the same time. The overall survival (OS) rate was determined. All patients successfully completed 125I seed implantation. In practice, the median number of puncture needles used during the operation was 20, and the median number of 125I particles was 88. There were no statistical differences in the relative dosimetry parameters before and after the operation (P > 0.05). Tumor evaluation was performed 6 months after the operation. The effective rate was 61.3%, and the local control rate was 93.5%. As of March 2020, the 1-year survival rate was 85.2%, and the 2-year survival rate was 49.0%. The OS was 23 months. CT-guided 3D template-assisted 125I seed implantation for the treatment of unresectable STS has a high local control rate, thereby further prolonging the OS of patients with unresectable STS.