bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paradoxically Low Levels of Total and HMW Adiponectin in Relation to Metabolic Parameters in a Tongan Population
Authors: Peake Philip , Colagiuri Stephen , Campbell Lesley V. , Shen Yvonne
Published: July 2013

Aim. Adiponectin has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and insulin sensitising properties, and low circulating levels may be an important risk factor for diabetes. We examined levels of adiponectin and its insulin-sensitising HMW isoform and their relationship with metabolic parameters in Tongans, a population prone to type II diabetes. Methods. Adiponectin and its HMW isoform were quantitated by Elisa in specimens from a randomly recruited, multistage cluster population survey of Tongans and from a group of Caucasians. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical data were collected on each subject. Results. Both male and female Tongans had lower levels of total and HMW adiponectin than their Caucasian counterparts. Levels of total and HMW adiponectin were higher in females than males in each group. Adiponectin levels were inversely related to BMI, weight, and HOMA in Tongan males and females, as well as to dyslipidemia in both sexes. Conclusion. Tongans had lower levels of both total and HMW adiponectin than Caucasians population, even after matching Tongans to their Caucasian counterparts based on BMI, age, and sex. These findings may reflect differences in body composition between the populations not adequately assessed by BMI, lifestyle factors, or a genetic variant likely in a genetically homogenous population.
Evaluation of Central Venous Catheter Associated Blood Stream Infections: A Microbiological Observational Study
Authors: Khanna Vinay , Mukhopadhayay Chiranjay , K. E. Vandana , Verma Murlidhar , Dabke Partha
Published: July 2013

There are substantial morbidity and mortality associated with vascular catheter use among crictically ill patients. The attributable mortality is 10% to 25% which is associated with bacteremia among those who are hospitalized. This study was undertaken to identify catheter related blood stream infections, to isolate pathogenic microorganisms present in intravascular catheter related local infections, exit site infections, and to determine the predisposing factors for the development of such infections and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolated organisms in tertiary care hospital.
Clinical Application Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 as Indicators of Inflammation Persistence and Acute Kidney Injury in Children with Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Petrovic Stanislava , Bogavac-Stanojevic Natasa , Peco-Antic Amira , Ivanisevic Ivana , Kotur-Stevuljevic Jelena , Paripovic Dusan , Sopic Miron , Jelic-Ivanovic Zorana
Published: July 2013

Background. The aim of this study was to examine the novel renal biomarkers neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) to assist pediatricians in the assessment of longer duration of inflammation and acute kidney injury (AKI) development during urinary tract infection (UTI).Methods. The patients enrolled in the study comprised 50 children (mean age was 6 months) with UTI. NGAL in serum and urine (sNGAL and uNGAL, resp.) and KIM-1 in urine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Results. uNGAL levels in subjects with longer duration of inflammation were higher (115.37 ng/mL) than uNGAL levels in subjects with shorter duration of inflammation (67.87 ng/mL,P=0.022). Difference in sNGAL and KIM-1 levels was not significant (P=0.155andP=0.198, resp.). Significant difference was seen in KIM-1 excretion among groups with and without AKI (P=0.038). KIM-1 was not able to discriminate between subjects with and without AKI (area under the curves (AUC) = 0.620,P=0.175).Conclusions. uNGAL cannot be used for screening of the duration of inflammation during UTI. Accuracy of KIM-1 in screening of AKI development in children with UTI is low. We suggest larger studies to check the negative predictive value of KIM-1 for the development of AKI.
Microstrip Tunable Bandpass Filter with the Colinear Resonators
Authors: Wang Z. P. , Hall P. S. , Kelly J. , Gardner P.
Published: July 2013

This paper presents the lumped element circuit and transmission line equivalent circuit for a varactor-tuned bandpass filter. The filter consists of transmission lines, fixed capacitors, and a varactor diode. The colinear resonant sections, in this filter, are not configured in parallel, as they are in a conventional combline filter. For this reason the overall area of the filter is reduced. The passband of the filter can be tuned from 0.69 GHz to 1.20 GHz by varying the capacitance of the varactor diode. The insertion loss of this filter changes from 1.2 dB to 2.1 dB across this bandwidth.
In vivo Effect of Insulin to Decrease Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 Activity after Arterial Injury
Authors: Guo June , Dhaliwall Jiwanjeet K. , Chan Kalam K. , Ghanim Husam , Al Koudsi Nael , Lam Loretta , Madadi Golnaz , Dandona Paresh , Giacca Adria , Bendeck Michelle P.
Published: July 2013

In vitro, insulin has both growth-promoting and vasculoprotective effects. In vivo, the effect of insulin is mainly protective. Insulin treatment (3 U/day) decreases smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and neointimal growth after carotid angioplasty in normal rats maintained at normoglycemia by oral glucose. SMC migration requires limited proteolysis of the extracellular matrix, which is mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study, we investigated the effects of normoglycemic hyperinsulinemia on MMP activity after balloon angioplasty. Rats were divided into three groups: (1) control implants and tap water; (2) control implants and oral glucose, and (3) insulin implants (3 U/day) and oral glucose. Results: Gelatin zymography revealed that insulin reduced the gelatinolytic activity of pro-MMP-2 by 46% (p < 0.05), MMP-2 by 44% (p < 0.05) and MMP-9 by 51% (p < 0.05) compared to controls after arterial injury. Insulin also reduced mRNA levels of MMP-2 (p < 0.05) and MMP-9 (p < 0.05) and protein levels of MMP-2 (p < 0.05). In contrast, there were no significant changes in membrane-type 1 MMP protein and tissue inhibitors of MMP activity after insulin treatment. Thus, these results suggest a mechanism by which insulin inhibits SMC migration and supports a vasculoprotective role for insulin in vivo.
Early Surfactant Guided by Lamellar Body Counts on Gastric Aspirate in Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Verder Henrik , Ebbesen Finn , Fenger-Grøn Jesper , Henriksen Tine Brink , Andreasson Bengt , Bender Lars , Bertelsen Aksel , Björklund Lars J. , Dahl Marianne , Esberg Gitte , Eschen Christian , Høvring Marie , Kreft Andreas , Kroner Jørn , Lundberg Fredrik , Pedersen Pernille , Reinholdt Jes , Stanchev Hristo
Published: July 2013

Background: We have developed a rapid method, based on lamellar body counts (LBC) on gastric aspirate, for identifying newborns who will develop respiratory distress syndrome with a need for surfactant supplementation. Objective: We set out to test whether it was possible to improve the outcome when used in a clinical trial. Methods: We randomly assigned 380 infants born at 24-29 weeks' gestation and supported with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) to receive surfactant guided either by LBC (intervention group) or increasing need for oxygen (control group). The primary outcome was mechanical ventilation or death within 5 days. Secondary outcomes included need for oxygen expressed by arterial to alveolar oxygen tension ratio (a/APO2) at the age of 6 h and need for oxygen at day 28. Results: The primary outcomes were equal (25%) in the two groups. The intervention group had higher a/APO2 than the control group at 6 h, median 0.64 versus 0.52 (p < 0.01), and the subgroup with gestational age 26-29 weeks needed fewer days of oxygen supplementation than the controls, median 2 vs. 9 days (p = 0.01), and fewer infants needed oxygen at day 28 (p = 0.04). Furthermore, there was a tendency in the intervention group towards a shorter duration of nCPAP. Too little or viscose aspirate in 23% of the cases was a limitation of the method. Conclusion: Using LBC test as indicator of lung maturity and early surfactant therapy in very preterm newborns, it is possible to reduce the need for oxygen supplementation.
Genetic and Epigenetic Changes Involving (Retro)transposons in Animal Hybrids and Polyploids
Authors: Arkhipova I.R. , Rodriguez F.
Published: July 2013

Transposable elements (TEs) are discrete genetic units that have the ability to change their location within chromosomal DNA, and constitute a major and rapidly evolving component of eukaryotic genomes. They can be subdivided into 2 distinct types: retrotransposons, which use an RNA intermediate for transposition, and DNA transposons, which move only as DNA. Rapid advances in genome sequencing significantly improved our understanding of TE roles in genome shaping and restructuring, and studies of transcriptomes and epigenomes shed light on the previously unknown molecular mechanisms underlying genetic and epigenetic TE controls. Knowledge of these control systems may be important for better understanding of reticulate evolution and speciation in the context of bringing different genomes together by hybridization and perturbing the established regulatory balance by ploidy changes. See also sister article focusing on plants by Bento et al. in this themed issue.
Renal Sympathetic Denervation in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Hypertension After Witnessed Intake of Medication Before Qualifying Ambulatory Blood Pressure
Authors: Fadl Elmula Fadl Elmula Mohamed , Hoffmann Pavel , Fossum Eigil , Brekke Magne , Gjønnæss Eyvind , Hjørnholm Ulla , Kjær Vibeke N. , Rostrup Morten , Kjeldsen Sverre E. , Os Ingrid , Stenehjem Aud-E , Høieggen Aud
Published: July 2013

It is unknown whether the decline in blood pressure (BP) after renal denervation (RDN) is caused by denervation itself or concomitantly improved drug adherence. We aimed to investigate the BP lowering effect of RDN in true treatment-resistant hypertension by excluding patients with poor drug adherence. Patients with resistant hypertension (n=18) were referred for a thorough clinical and laboratory work-up. Treatment-resistant hypertension was defined as office systolic BP>140 mm Hg, despite maximally tolerated doses of ≥3 antihypertensive drugs, including a diuretic. In addition, ambulatory daytime systolic BP>135 mm Hg was required after witnessed intake of antihypertensive drugs to qualify. RDN (n=6) was performed with Symplicity Catheter System. The mean office and ambulatory BPs remained unchanged at 1, 3, and 6 months in the 6 patients, whereas there was no known change in antihypertensive medication. Two patients, however, had a fall in both office and ambulatory BPs. Our findings question whether BP falls in response to RDN in patients with true treatment-resistant hypertension. Additional research must aim to verify potential BP lowering effect and identify a priori responders to RDN before this invasive method can routinely be applied to patients with drug-resistant hypertension.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01673516.
Tetraodon palustris, a new freshwater pufferfish (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) from the Mekong Basin of Thailand
Authors: SAENJUNDAENG PASAKORN , VIDTHAYANON CHAVALIT , GRUDPUN CHAIWUT
Published: July 2013

Tetraodon palustris, new species, is described from the Mekong basin of Thailand. Tetraodon palustris differs from T. cochinchinensis and T. fangi in having no ocellus on the flank and spinules dorsally from the interorbital region to the end of the dorsal-fin base. Tetraodon cochinchinensis is distinguished from T. fangi by having a longer snout (43.5–49.2% HL in T. cochinchinensis vs. 37.9–41.1% HL in T. fangi) and is covered with spinules dorsally from the front of the nasal organs to the end of the dorsal-fin base (vs. from the front of the eyes to the end of the dorsal-fin base in T. fangi).
A new species of Dasyhelea Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: DIAZ FLORENTINA , RONDEROS MARIA M. , SPINELLI GUSTAVO R. , FERREIRA-KEPPLER RUTH L. , TORREIAS SHARLANE R. S.
Published: July 2013

A new species from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, Dasyhelea eloyi Díaz & Ronderos, is described, illustrated and photomicrograph as larva, pupa and male and female adults based on examination with binocular and scanning electron microscopes. This new species, a typical member of the Dasyhelea grisea species group, is compared with the most similar congeners D. necrophila Spinelli & Rodríguez and the Nearctic D. pseudoincinsurata Waugh & Wirth.
Description of a new species of the genus Primeuchroeus Linsenmaier, 1968 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) from Korea and redescription of P. malayensis (Linsenmaier, 1982)
Authors: KIM JEONG-KYU
Published: July 2013

The genus Primeuchroeus Linsenmaier 1968 is known from the Australian, Oriental, and Afrotropical Regions and numbers 32 species (Bohart, 1988; Kimsey & Bohart, 1991). Three chrysidid specimens collected at the same area in Korea in 2011–2012 belong to the genus Primeuchroeus by having simple mesopleuron lacking scrobal sulcus. According to the key (Bohart 1988), these specimens are identified as P. malayensis by having short Rs stub, by presence of transverse frontal carina (TFC), and pale brown tibiae and tarsi. Primeuchroeus malayensis (Linsenmaier, 1982) is known from Malaysia and Indonesia. The original description was based mainly on coloration, and merely provided external features for species-group distinction (i.e. Primeuchroeus siamensis group), instead of morphological description. A comparison between the paratype of P. malayensis and Korean specimens revealing that our specimens belong to a new species described below. This is the first Palaearctic record of the genus Primeuchroeus. The redescription of P. malayaensis based on female paratype is provided. Type specimens of the new species are deposited in the collection of Biodiversity Institute at Hanseo University (BDIH), Kore
An Advanced System to Monitor the 3D Structure of Diffuse Volcanic Ash Clouds
Authors: Vernier J.-P. , Fairlie T. D. , Murray J. J. , Tupper A. , Trepte C. , Winker D. , Pelon J. , Garnier A. , Jumelet J. , Pavolonis M. , Omar A. H. , Powell K. A.
Published: July 2013

Major disruptions of the aviation system from recent volcanic eruptions have intensified discussions about and increased the international consensus toward improving volcanic ash warnings. Central to making progress is to better discern low volcanic ash loadings and to describe the ash cloud structure more accurately in three-dimensional space and time. Here, dispersed volcanic ash observed by the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) space-based lidar near 20 000–40 000 ft [~(6–13) km] over Australia and New Zealand during June 2011 is studied. This ash event took place 3 weeks after the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle eruption, which disrupted air traffic in much of the Southern Hemisphere. The volcanic ash layers are shown to exhibit color ratios (1064/532 nm) near 0.5, significantly lower than unity, as is observed with ice. Those optical properties are used to develop an ash detection algorithm. A “trajectory mapping” technique is then demonstrated wherein ash cloud observations are ingested into a Lagrangian model and used to construct ash dispersion maps and cross sections. Comparisons of the model results with independent observations suggest that the model successfully reproduces the 3D structure of volcanic ash clouds. This technique has a potential operational application in providing important additional information to worldwide volcanic ash advisory centers.
Local Dynamics of Baroclinic Waves in the Martian Atmosphere
Authors: Kavulich Michael J. , Szunyogh Istvan , Gyarmati Gyorgyi , Wilson R. John
Published: July 2013

The paper investigates the processes that drive the spatiotemporal evolution of baroclinic transient waves in the Martian atmosphere by a simulation experiment with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Mars general circulation model (GCM). The main diagnostic tool of the study is the (local) eddy kinetic energy equation. Results are shown for a prewinter season of the Northern Hemisphere, in which a deep baroclinic wave of zonal wavenumber 2 circles the planet at an eastward phase speed of about 70° Sol−1 (Sol is a Martian day). The regular structure of the wave gives the impression that the classical models of baroclinic instability, which describe the underlying process by a temporally unstable global wave (e.g., Eady model and Charney model), may have a direct relevance for the description of the Martian baroclinic waves. The results of the diagnostic calculations show, however, that while the Martian waves remain zonally global features at all times, there are large spatiotemporal changes in their amplitude. The most intense episodes of baroclinic energy conversion, which take place in the two great plain regions (Acidalia Planitia and Utopia Planitia), are strongly localized in both space and time. In addition, similar to the situation for terrestrial baroclinic waves, geopotential flux convergence plays an important role in the dynamics of the downstream-propagating unstable waves.
Vertical Temperature Profiles at Maximum Entropy Production with a Net Exchange Radiative Formulation*
Authors: Herbert Corentin , Paillard Didier , Dubrulle Bérengère
Published: July 2013

Like any fluid heated from below, the atmosphere is subject to vertical instability that triggers convection. Convection occurs on small time and space scales, which makes it a challenging feature to include in climate models. Usually subgrid parameterizations are required. Here, an alternative view based on a global thermodynamic variational principle is developed. Convective flux profiles and temperature profiles at steady state are computed in an implicit way by maximizing the associated entropy production rate. Two settings are examined, corresponding respectively to an idealized case of a gray atmosphere and a realistic case based on a net exchange formulation radiative scheme. In the second case, the effect of variations of the atmospheric composition, such as a doubling of the carbon dioxide concentration, is also discussed.
Klinefelter Syndrome
Authors: Nahata Leena , Rosoklija Ilina , Yu Richard N. , Cohen Laurie E.
Published: July 2013

Klinefelter syndrome is a common condition that remains underdiagnosed, particularly prior to adulthood. Early detection could prevent morbidity and mortality, but the classic phenotype of small testes and tall stature may not be apparent until adolescence, and there is minimal guidance regarding whom to screen. We performed a retrospective study at Boston Children’s Hospital in patients with the ICD-9 code for “Klinefelter syndrome” diagnosed prior to age 20 years, and determined age and reason for diagnosis, karyotype, heights, and comorbid conditions. Eighty percent had a 47,XXY karyotype, of whom half were diagnosed at age 11 to 19 years. The most common comorbidities were neurocognitive, including learning disabilities (67%), psychosocial problems (33%), and attention deficit disorder (27%). Subjects were only slightly taller than average in childhood (height standard deviation score = 0.64). These data show that Klinefelter syndrome is associated with long-standing comorbidities that frequently remain under-recognized; a karyotype should be considered in boys with neurocognitive problems.
Out-of-autoclave prepreg consolidation under deficient pressure conditions
Authors: Centea T , Hubert P
Published: July 2013

The present study investigated the effects of three pressure-related process deviations (reduced ambient pressure, reduced vacuum and restricted air evacuation) on the consolidation and quality of flat laminates manufactured by out-of-autoclave prepreg processing. The evolution of laminate thickness, measured in-situ, was correlated with thickness and porosity data for woven and unidirectional fibre bed composites. The process deficiencies are shown to have had distinctive detrimental effects on the rate of thickness change and on the amount, distribution and morphology of voids, and to have been more pronounced for the woven fabric prepreg format due to its higher initial bulk factor.
Cultural Variation in the Minimal Group Effect
Authors: Falk Carl F. , Heine Steven J. , Takemura Kosuke
Published: July 2013

The minimal group effect (MGE) is one of the most robust psychological findings in studies of intergroup conflict, yet there is little evidence comparing its magnitude across cultures. Recent evidence suggests that the MGE is due in part to a projection of one’s own perceived characteristics onto the novel in-group. Because of cultural variability in self-enhancement motivations, we thus expected that those from East Asian cultures would exhibit a diminished MGE relative to Westerners. A large and diverse sample of Japanese and American participants completed a traditional minimal group study. American participants were more likely to show an in-group bias in group identification, perceived group intelligence, perceived group personality traits, and resource allocation. Furthermore, these cultural differences were partially mediated by self-esteem. We discuss the implication of these findings for theories of intergroup conflict and suggest multiple directions for future cross-cultural research on the MGE.
Cardiac magnetic resonance, transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography: a comparison of in vivo assessment of ventricular function in rats
Authors: Richardson JD , Bertaso AG , Frost L , Psaltis PJ , Carbone A , Koschade B , Wong DT , Nelson AJ , Paton S , Williams K , Azarisman S , Worthley MI , Teo KS , Gronthos S , Zannettino ACW , Worthley SG
Published: July 2013

In vivo assessment of ventricular function in rodents has largely been restricted to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). However 1.5 T cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) have emerged as possible alternatives. Yet, to date, no study has systematically assessed these three imaging modalities in determining ejection fraction (EF) in rats. Twenty rats underwent imaging four weeks after surgically-induced myocardial infarction. CMR was performed on a 1.5 T scanner, TTE was conducted using a 9.2 MHz transducer and TOE was performed with a 10 MHz intracardiac echo catheter. Correlation between the three techniques for EF determination and analysis reproducibility was assessed. Moderate-strong correlation was observed between the three modalities; the greatest between CMR and TOE (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.89), followed by TOE and TTE (ICC = 0.70) and CMR and TTE (ICC = 0.63). Intra- and inter-observer variations were excellent with CMR (ICC = 0.99 and 0.98 respectively), very good with TTE (0.90 and 0.89) and TOE (0.87 and 0.84). Each modality is a viable option for evaluating ventricular function in rats, however the high image quality and excellent reproducibility of CMR offers distinct advantages even at 1.5 T with conventional coils and software.
Spatial Heterogeneity in Hedonic House Price Models: The Case of Austria
Authors: Helbich Marco , Brunauer Wolfgang , Vaz Eric , Nijkamp Peter
Published: July 2013

Modelling spatial heterogeneity (SH) is a controversial subject in real estate economics. Single-family-home prices in Austria are explored to investigate the capability of global and locally weighted hedonic models. Even if regional indicators are not fully capable to model SH and technical amendments are required to account for unmodelled SH, the results emphasise their importance to achieve a well-specified model. Due to SH beyond the level of regional indicators, locally weighted regressions are proposed. Mixed geographically weighted regression (MGWR) prevents the limitations of fixed effects by exploring spatially stationary and non-stationary price effects. Besides reducing prediction errors, it is concluded that global model misspecifications arise from improper selected fixed effects. Reported findings provide evidence that the SH of implicit prices is more complex than can be modelled by regional indicators or purely local models. The existence of both stationary and non-stationary effects implies that the Austrian housing market is economically connected.
Achievement Goals and Interpersonal Behavior: How Mastery and Performance Goals Shape Information Exchange
Authors: Marijn Poortvliet P. , Janssen Onne , Van Yperen Nico W. , Van de Vliert Evert
Published: July 2013

The present research examines the impact of achievement goals on task-related information exchange. Studies 1 and 2 reveal that relative to those with mastery goals or no goal, individuals pursuing performance goals were less open in their information giving to exchange partners. Study 2 further clarifies this effect of achievement goals by showing that performance goals generate an exploitation orientation toward information exchange. Furthermore, relative to individuals with mastery goals or no goal, people pursuing performance goals enhanced their task performance by utilizing more high-quality information obtained from their exchange partner (Study 1) and protected their task performance by more rigorously disregarding received low-quality information (Study 2).
Book Review: Globalising Labour?: Indian Seafarers and World Shipping, 1870–1945
Authors: Nite Dhiraj Kumar
Published: July 2013

G. Balachandran, Globalising Labour?: Indian Seafarers and World Shipping, 1870–1945, OUP, New Delhi, 2012, pp. 318, ₹795.
Book Review: Understanding India: Indology and Beyond
Authors: Tiwari Heeraman
Published: July 2013

Jaroslav Vacek and Harbans Mukhia (eds), Understanding India: Indology and Beyond, ActaUniversitatisCarolinae, Philologica 1, Carolinum Press, Charles University in Prague, 2011. pp. 190.
Psychometric Properties of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Hip Arthroscopic Surgery
Authors: Kemp Joanne L. , Collins Natalie J. , Roos Ewa M. , Crossley Kay M.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are considered the gold standard when evaluating outcomes in a surgical population. While the psychometric properties of some PROs have been tested, the properties of newer PROs in patients undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery remain somewhat unknown.

Purpose:

To evaluate the reliability, validity, responsiveness, and interpretability of 5 PROs (Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score [HAGOS], Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [HOOS], Hip Outcome Score [HOS], International Hip Outcome Tool [iHOT-33], and Modified Harris Hip Score [MHHS]) in a population undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery and also to provide a recommendation of the best PROs in patients undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Study participants were adults (mean age, 37 ± 11 years) who had undergone hip arthroscopic surgery 12 to 24 months previously and pain-free, healthy age-matched controls (mean age, 35 ± 11 years). Baseline characteristics including age, height, weight, waist girth, physical activity, and occupation were collected for both groups. The hip arthroscopic surgery group completed the 5 PRO questionnaires on 3 occasions, while the healthy control group completed the PRO questionnaires on 1 occasion. The reliability (test-retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient, or ICC] and minimal detectable change [MDC]), validity (construct validity, ability to detect a difference between groups, acceptability including floor and ceiling effects), responsiveness, and interpretability (minimal important change [MIC]) of each measure were calculated.

Results:

The test-retest reliability of PROs was excellent (ICC, 0.91-0.97), with an MDC of <20%. The HOOS, HAGOS, and iHOT-33 had acceptable content validity. All PROs demonstrated construct validity and were able to detect a difference between the hip arthroscopic surgery and control groups. No measures demonstrated a floor effect; however, the MHHS and subscales relating to activities of daily living of the HOOS, HOS, and HAGOS demonstrated a ceiling effect. The HOOS, iHOT-33, and MHHS demonstrated adequate responsiveness, and the MIC for all measures was <11 points of a possible 100 points.

Conclusion:

The PROs of the HOOS and iHOT-33 demonstrate psychometric properties that may enable researchers and clinicians to use them with confidence in a population undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery. The psychometric properties of the MHHS, HOS, and some subscales of the HAGOS are reduced, and these PROs may be less valuable in this group.
Here’s Looking at You
Authors: McLean Sarah J. , Worden Robert E. , Kim MoonSun
Published: July 2013

We examine the impacts of public surveillance cameras on crime and disorder in Schenectady, New York, a medium-sized city in the northeastern United States. We assessed camera impacts by analyzing monthly counts of crime and disorder-related calls for service that occurred within each camera’s 150-foot viewshed as an interrupted time series, with the interruption at the time that the camera in question was activated. We also analyzed counts of incidents between 150 and 350 feet of cameras to assess displacement effects and diffusion of benefits. We further estimated camera effects on counts of only incidents in public locations—street crimes. Our study suggests that cameras have had effects on crime, even more consistent effects on disorder, and that the visibility of cameras is associated with its impact on crime and disorder. We conclude by discussing the implications of the findings and discuss the questions to which future research should be directed.
Leachate purification of mechanically sorted organic waste in a simulated bioreactor landfill
Authors: Di Maria Francesco , Micale Caterina , Sordi Alessio , Cirulli Giuseppe
Published: July 2013

The bioreactor environment for the mechanically sorted organic fraction (MSOF) of residual municipal solid waste was simulated for a period of 300 days. A closed-loop system was implemented for analysing the leachate purification process due to its recirculation through MSOF. Maximum concentrations of Cu, Zn and Ni in the leachate were about 60, 20 and 15 mg L−1, whereas Pb and Cr were about 5.5 and 7 mg L−1. About 60 days from the start of recirculation these concentrations dropped to < 1 mg L−1. Chemical (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5) dropped, respectively, by about 50 and 80%, achieving a COD-to-BOD5 ratio > 7. Volatile fatty acids, which were about 10 g L−1, fell to about 3.5 g L−1 whereas biomethane production was about 34 NL kg TS−1. As expected, recirculation under strictly anaerobic conditions gave minor benefits in reducing nitrogen and ammonium which reached final concentrations of about 4 and 3.8 g L−1, respectively.
Reduction of construction wastes by improving construction contract management: a multinational evaluation
Authors: Mendis Daylath , Hewage Kasun N , Wrzesniewski Joanna
Published: July 2013

The Canadian construction industry generates 30% of the total municipal solid waste deposited in landfills. Ample evidence can be found in the published literature about rework and waste generation due to ambiguity and errors in contract documents. Also, the literature quotes that disclaimer clauses in contract documents are included in the contractual agreements to prevent contractor claims, which often cause rework. Our professional practice has also noted that there are several disclaimer clauses in standard contract documents which have the potential to cause rework (and associated waste). This article illustrates a comparative study of standard contractual documents and their potential to create rework (and associated waste) in different regions of the world. The objectives of this study are (1) to analyse standard contractual documents in Canada, the USA and Australia in terms of their potential to generate rework and waste, and (2) to propose changes/amendments to the existing standard contract documents to minimise/avoid rework. In terms of construction waste management, all the reviewed standard contract documents have deficiencies. The parties that produce the contract documents include exculpatory clauses to avoid the other party’s claims. This approach tends to result in rework and construction waste. The contractual agreements/contract documents should be free from errors, deficiencies, ambiguity and unfair risk transfers to minimise/avoid potential to generate rework and waste.
Consequences of Gastrointestinal Surgery on Drug Absorption
Authors: Titus Rachel , Kastenmeier Andrew , Otterson Mary F.
Published: July 2013

Gastrointestinal (GI) surgery associated with resection or bypass can affect the absorption and kinetics of certain drugs. The goal of this article is 3‐fold: (1) highlight the physiologic changes associated with selected GI surgeries (specifically gastric, small intestine, and colon), (2) review the implications for drug and nutrient absorption, and (3) suggest modifications of the pharmacologic agents, dosing regimens, and routes of delivery. Few large trials are available to use as references, but there is a wealth of individual reports and small series. Understanding the predictable challenges of drug administration in these patients will improve care.
The Association Between Frequency of Physical Activity and Mortality Risk Across the Adult Age Span
Authors: Brown Ruth E. , Riddell Michael C. , Macpherson Alison K. , Canning Karissa L. , Kuk Jennifer L.
Published: July 2013

Objectives: To determine if the association between frequency of leisure-time physical activity and mortality risk differs across adulthood. Method: 9,249 adults from the NHANES III (1988-1994) were categorized as middle-aged (40-64 years), old (65-79 years) or very old (≥80 years), and as inactive (0 bouts of physical activity/week), lightly active (1-2 bouts/week), moderately active (3-4 bouts/week) or very active (5+ bouts/week). Results: In all age categories, lightly, moderately, and very active adults had a lower mortality risk compared to inactive adults ( p < .001). In very old adults only, being very active was associated with a lower mortality risk compared to being lightly active (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64-0.98; p = .03) and moderately active (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.98; ( p = .03). Discussion: The association between physical activity frequency and mortality risk is strongest in very old adults. All adults and particularly very old adults may benefit from participating in physical activity five or more times a week.
Fault detection, isolation and accommodation for attitude control system of a three-axis satellite using interval linear parametric varying observers and fault tree analysis
Authors: Bolandi Hossein , Abedi Mostafa , Haghparast Mehran
Published: July 2013

This paper presents robust fault detection based on adaptive thresholds for a three axis satellite. For this purpose, first, the attitude control system (ACS) is described as a quasi linear parameter model that includes both bounded parametric modeling errors and measurement noises. Next, using the interval arithmetic tools, an interval linear parametric varying observer is designed to propagate the effect of satellite parametric uncertainties into the alarm limits. This idea enhances the robustness of fault detection system at the decision making stage. In other words, the adaptive thresholds are generated for evaluating the residuals. Obtained results show that the missing alarm rates are minimized by the developed method; also this approach detects small or incipient faults more effectively than the classical robust fault detection algorithms with constant thresholds. In the next part of paper, an isolation algorithm has been proposed using the fault tree approach. Also, an accommodation system has been designed based on reconfiguration of available actuators. Accordingly, after isolation of faulty reaction wheels using the developed fault tree library, the accommodation system turned them off and replaced the suitable magnetic tourqers instead of faulty reaction wheels. Therefore, despite occurrences of several failures in the ACS, attitude control error is kept limited.
Approximate analytical solutions of an axially moving spacecraft appendage subjected to tip mass
Authors: Ghaleh P Bagheri , Khayyat AA , Farjami Y , Abedian A
Published: July 2013

Approximate solutions for vibrations of flexible beam-type appendages subjected to tip mass are studied while uniform and exponential profiles for arm deployment are simulated. Applying an equivalent dynamical system and following Lagrangian approach, the equations of motion of the system are derived as nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) (with time-varying coefficients), in which the effect of the tip mass can be considered as some nonlinearity added to the ‘no tip mass’ case dynamics. The approximate closed-form solutions are obtained through a novel methodology using a computer algorithm, in which the solutions of the ‘no tip mass’ case are expanded by imposing quadratic perturbations on the independent variable. The mean square of errors (MSEs) for the obtained approximate analytical solution is computed. Using this method, the amplitude and frequency of the arm response are presented by the algebraic equations, which help the parametric design of such systems. In addition, effects of tip mass as an indicator of nonlinearities added to the system dynamics, on the amplitude and frequency of the beam response, are investigated during arm deployment.
Cutaneous candidiasis caused by Candida glabrata in a HIV/AIDS patient
Authors: Demiraslan Hayati , Alabay Selma , Ulu-Kilic Aysegul , Borlu Murat , Doganay Mehmet
Published: July 2013

Cutaneous Candida infections may occur in patients with HIV/AIDS, cancer, receiving chemotherapy and solid organ transplantation. A 32-year-old woman was admitted to the department suffering from pruritic and erythematous plaque on left side of her face for the past two months. The patient was HIV positive, diagnosed five years previously, and had been on antiretroviral therapy (tenofovir/emtricitabine and lopinavir/ritonavir) for a year. She was not compliant with the medication. Elevated HIV RNA load and decreased CD4+ lymphocyte count were observed. Fungal elements were detected from the skin scraping sample taken from the facial plaque. Fluconazole-sensitive Candida glabrata was isolated from this sample. Topical clotrimazole ointment and systemic fluconazole 400 mg/day were used. After systemic fluconazole therapy was continued for two months, the plaque was cured. C. glabrata rarely causes cutaneous infection without involving the mucous membranes. Presentation of cutaneous fungal infections in HIV patients with decreased CD4+ T lymphocyte counts can be atypical and require extensive antifungal treatment.
Nicotine-induced impairments of spatial cognition and long-term potentiation in adolescent male rats
Authors: Han G , An L , Yang B , Si L , Zhang T
Published: July 2013

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cognitive behavioral impairment, induced by nicotine in offspring rats, was associated with the alteration of hippocampal short-term potentiation (STP) and long-term potentiation (LTP) and to discuss the potential underlying mechanism. Young adult offspring rats were randomly divided into three groups. The groups include: control group (CC), nicotine group 1 (NC), in which their mothers received nicotine from gestational day 3 (GD3) to GD18, and nicotine group 2 (CN), in which young adult offspring rats received nicotine from postnatal day 42 (PD42) to PD56. Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed and then field excitatory postsynaptic potentials elicited by the stimulation of perforant pathway were recorded in the hippocampal dentate gyrus region. The results of the MWM test showed that learning and memory were impaired by either prenatal or postnatal nicotine exposure. In addition, it was found that there was no statistical difference of the MWM data between both nicotine treatments. In the electrophysiological test, LTP and STP were significantly inhibited in both NC and CN groups in comparison with the CC group. Notably, STP in CN group was also lower than that in the NC group. These findings suggested that both prenatal and postnatal exposure to nicotine induced learning and memory deficits, while the potential mechanism might be different from each other due to their dissimilar impairments of synaptic plasticity.
The use of complementary and alternative medicine among dermatology outpatients in Eastern Turkey
Authors: Bilgili SG , Ozkol HU , Karadag AS , Calka O
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Over the past decade, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become increasingly popular around the world.

Objectives:

In this study, we aim to investigate how frequently CAM is used and the types of CAM methods used for dermatological disease in Eastern Turkey.

Materials and methods:

We recruited 1610 patients from our clinic for this study. The sociodemographic features and the CAM methods were investigated with a survey.

Results:

The most common dermatological disorders included contact dermatitis (21.4%), acne vulgaris (17.5%), fungal infections (10.9%), eczema (6.3%), and warts (5.7%). The ratio of patients using at least one CAM method was 43.7% and that of those using two or more CAM methods was 20.8%. The most commonly used CAM methods were those using henna, cologne, moisturizing cream, prayer, and herbal therapy. Some patients were found to use some interesting and unusual CAM methods, such as putting out a cigarette over the skin on the back for anthrax, applying raw meat for furuncle, using fuel oil and nitric acid for contact dermatitis.

Conclusions:

CAM methods are commonly used in our population. CAM methods often cause adverse reactions that may alter diagnostic skin findings and interfere with the efficacy of other medical therapies. Therefore, physicians should ask their patients about the use of CAM methods while collecting patient history. Physicians have a critical role in preventing improper use of CAM. In addition, further investigations into the efficacy, benefits, and risks of CAM methods should be carried out for better insight into those CAM methods.
Cultural Meanings of Musculoskeletal Diseases in Chile’s Mapuche Population
Authors: Alarcon Ana M. , Vidal Aldo , Castro Marcela
Published: July 2013

Introduction: Eight out of 10 Mapuche indigenous women have a musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) and do not seek early medical aid. Purpose: To study both the cultural meanings and implications of MSD from the Mapuche worldview. Design: Ethnographic study carried out from 2008 to 2011 on indigenous reserves in southern Chile. Sixty-four Mapuches participated in comprehensive interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed by the research team. Findings: Five cultural domains: (a) foro kutran/bone disease is the general denomination of MSD; (b) Re-Rume Kutran/progressive and incurable course, refers to the course of the disease; (c) Kalül fücha mawiza/body is an old tree, describes internal manifestations such as worn bones, dry body, weak blood, and spiritual weakness; (d) witrür tripai foro/deformation is the external manifestation of MSD; and (e) Reñma ka lof kutran/family and community suffering refers to the impact of MSD. Conclusions: The explanation of MSD is consistent with the integrated body–nature–spirit worldview of the Mapuche. Practice Implications: To provide cultural nursing health care so that patients receive prompt diagnosis and care.
Ethnographic Study of Experiences of Pakistani Women Immigrants With Pregnancy, Birthing, and Postpartum Care in the United States and Pakistan
Authors: Qureshi Rubab , Pacquiao Dula F.
Published: July 2013

Study Purpose: Describe the comparative birthing experiences of Pakistani immigrant women in Pakistan and the United States. Conceptual Framework: The framework was drawn from Berry’s cultural adaptation, Glick-Schiller et al.’s transnationalism and Berkman’s social network. Methodology: Qualitative design using purposive sample of 26 women immigrants who originated from any province in Pakistan and experienced childbirth in Pakistan and in the United States. Individual interviews were conducted in Urdu and English in participants’ homes which lasted for approximately 60 minutes. Telephone follow-up augmented the audiotaped interviews. Findings: Women experienced difficulties associated with inability to observe cultural traditions and loss of extended, gendered kin support. Adaptive strategies were evident through development of social networks of weak ties with nonkin groups in the United States, maintenance of transnational ties with kin back in Pakistan, and assimilation of less gender-defined roles by women and their spouses.
Multimodal Analgesia Therapy Reduces Length of Hospitalization in Patients Undergoing Fusions of the Ankle and Hindfoot
Authors: Michelson James D. , Addante Raymond A. , Charlson Mark D.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Multimodal postoperative analgesia employs multiple medications given perioperatively to block the generation and perception of pain at different points in the nociceptive pathway. This retrospective study examines its effect on the length of stay for patients undergoing hindfoot and ankle fusions.

Methods:

All patients operated upon by the senior authors between 2007 and 2011, inclusive, underwent ankle fusion, subtalar fusion, pantalar arthrodesis, triple arthrodesis, or combined ankle/subtalar fusions. The perioperative pain management was either the “traditional” method (patient-controlled-analgesia–delivered parenteral narcotics beginning immediately postoperatively) or the multimodal pain protocol (pre- and postoperative oral administration of opioids, celecoxib, pregabalin, acetaminophen, and prednisone). The choice of pain protocol was up to the surgeons, without any exclusion criteria. Physical therapy protocols were not changed during the study. The study included 220 patients; 175 received the multimodal protocol and 45 received traditional management. Multimodal protocol patients were younger (53.9 vs 59.7 years; P < .003), but there were no other differences between the groups with respect to gender, obesity, body mass index, tobacco use, alcohol use, or comorbidities. Complex cases (revision surgeries, Charcot joint surgeries, multiple concurrent procedures, etc) were equally represented in both groups.

Results:

Multimodal protocol patients had lower lengths of stay (2.5 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-3.7) than traditional pain management patients (4.2 days; 95% CI, 2.7-5.7; P < .001). This was also true for both complicated and uncomplicated surgeries when considered separately.

Conclusion:

This study provides the first evidence that multimodal therapy reduces the length of stay for patients undergoing major hindfoot or ankle fusion surgery, regardless of surgical complexity.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative series.
Vibration control of a traffic signal pole using a pounding tuned mass damper with viscoelastic materials (II): experimental verification
Authors: Li Luyu , Song Gangbing , Singla Mithun , Mo Yi-Lung
Published: July 2013

In the first part of this paper, the theoretical and simulation analyses have been studied to prove the effectiveness of the pounding tuned mass damper (PTMD) to control the vibration of a traffic signal pole. In order to further verify the control effect of the PTMD, an experimental structure was prepared to test the novel approach in the lab. A horizontal and a vertical steel pipe are used to model the traffic signal pole. An L-shaped beam and a pounding collar covered on the interior with viscoelastic materials are used as the PTMD device. Both free and excited vibration tests were performed with and without PTMD control on the structure. It was found that the damping device was very effective in controlling the vibrations of the structure in both out-plane and in-plane vibrations.