bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Star Formation Timescales of the Halo Populations from Asteroseismology and Chemical Abundances*
Authors: Matsuno Tadafumi , Aoki Wako , Casagrande Luca , Ishigaki Miho N. , Shi Jianrong , Takata Masao , Xiang Maosheng , Yong David , Li Haining , Suda Takuma , Xing Qianfan , Zhao Jingkun
Published: May 2021

We combine asteroseismology, optical high-resolution spectroscopy, and kinematic analysis for 26 halo red giant branch stars in the Kepler field in the range of −2.5 < [Fe/H] < −0.6. After applying theoretically motivated corrections to the seismic scaling relations, we obtain an average mass of 0.97 ± 0.03 M
⊙ for our sample of halo stars. Although this maps into an age of ∼7 Gyr, significantly younger than independent age estimates of the Milky Way stellar halo, we considered this apparently young age to be due to the overestimation of stellar mass in the scaling relations. There is no significant mass dispersion among lower red giant branch stars (log g > 2), which constrains the relative age dispersion to <18%, corresponding to <2 Gyr. The precise chemical abundances allow us to separate the stars with [Fe/H] > −1.7 into two [Mg/Fe] groups. While the [α/Fe] and [Eu/Mg] ratios are different between the two subsamples, [s/Eu], where s stands for Ba, La, Ce, and Nd, does not show a significant difference. These abundance ratios suggest that the chemical evolution of the low-Mg population is contributed by Type Ia supernovae, but not by low- to intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch stars, providing a constraint on its star formation timescale as 100 Myr < τ < 300 Myr. We also do not detect any significant mass difference between the two [Mg/Fe] groups, thus suggesting that their formation epochs are not separated by more than 1.5 Gyr.
The Twins Embedding of Type Ia Supernovae. I. The Diversity of Spectra at Maximum Light
Authors: Boone K. , Aldering G. , Antilogus P. , Aragon C. , Bailey S. , Baltay C. , Bongard S. , Buton C. , Copin Y. , Dixon S. , Fouchez D. , Gangler E. , Gupta R. , Hayden B. , Hillebrandt W. , Kim A. G. , Kowalski M. , Küsters D. , Léget P.-F. , Mondon F. , Nordin J. , Pain R. , Pecontal E. , Pereira R. , Perlmutter S. , Ponder K. A. , Rabinowitz D. , Rigault M. , Rubin D. , Runge K. , Saunders C. , Smadja G. , Suzuki N. , Tao C. , Taubenberger S. , Thomas R. C. , Vincenzi M.
Published: May 2021

We study the spectral diversity of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) at maximum light using high signal-to-noise spectrophotometry of 173 SNe Ia from the Nearby Supernova Factory. We decompose the diversity of these spectra into different extrinsic and intrinsic components, and we construct a nonlinear parameterization of the intrinsic diversity of SNe Ia that preserves pairings of “twin” SNe Ia. We call this parameterization the “Twins Embedding.” Our methodology naturally handles highly nonlinear variability in spectra, such as changes in the photosphere expansion velocity, and uses the full spectrum rather than being limited to specific spectral line strengths, ratios, or velocities. We find that the time evolution of SNe Ia near maximum light is remarkably similar, with 84.6% of the variance in common to all SNe Ia. After correcting for brightness and color, the intrinsic variability of SNe Ia is mostly restricted to specific spectral lines, and we find intrinsic dispersions as low as ∼0.02 mag between 6600 and 7200 Å. With a nonlinear three-dimensional model plus one dimension for color, we can explain 89.2% of the intrinsic diversity in our sample of SNe Ia, which includes several different kinds of “peculiar” SNe Ia. A linear model requires seven dimensions to explain a comparable fraction of the intrinsic diversity. We show how a wide range of previously established indicators of diversity in SNe Ia can be recovered from the Twins Embedding. In a companion article, we discuss how these results can be applied to the standardization of SNe Ia for cosmology.
Large-amplitude Prominence Oscillations following Impact by a Coronal Jet
Authors: Luna Manuel , Moreno-Insertis Fernando
Published: May 2021

Observational evidence shows that coronal jets can hit prominences and set them in motion. The impact leads to large-amplitude oscillations (LAOs) in the prominence. In this paper, we attempt to understand this process via 2.5D MHD numerical experiments. In our model, the jets are generated in a sheared magnetic arcade above a parasitic bipolar region located in one of the footpoints of the filament channel (FC) supporting the prominence. The shear is imposed at velocities not far above the observed photospheric values; this leads to a multiple reconnection process, as obtained in previous jet models. Both a fast Alfvénic perturbation and a slower supersonic front preceding a plasma jet are issued from the reconnection site; in the later phase, a more violent (eruptive) jet is produced. The perturbation and jets run along the FC; they are partially reflected at the prominence, and partially transmitted through it. This results in a pattern of counter-streaming flows along the FC, and oscillations in the prominence. The oscillations are LAOs (i.e., with amplitudes above 10 km s−1) in some areas of the prominence, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions. In some field lines, the impact is so strong that the prominence mass is brought out of the dip and down to the chromosphere along the FC. Two cases are studied, with respect to arcades at different heights above the parasitic bipolar region, leading to different heights for the region of the prominence perturbed by the jets. The obtained oscillation amplitudes and periods are in general agreement with the observations.
Dynamical and Thermal Manifestations of the Region above the Top of the Post-flare Loops: MHD Simulations
Authors: Cai Qiangwei , Feng Hengqiang , Ye Jing , Shen Chengcai
Published: May 2021

Observations proved that a distributed structure named a supra-arcade fan (SAF) exists above post-flare loops in solar eruptions. The locations of the SAF are spatially consistent with various emission sources. Termination shocks (TSs) that are often regarded as an efficient driver for particle acceleration possibly exist in the SAF. We performed the numerical simulations of solar flares based on the standard flare model to study the dynamical and thermal manifestations of the SAF, as well as the possibility of detecting TSs in extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) images. In the simulations, the SAF and TSs can be clearly identified. The motion history and temperature evolution of plasmas inside the SAF indicate that the mass of the SAF comes from the corona and the plasmas are heated in the current sheet. The height of the SAF decreases with the speed of about 64.6 km s−1 when the rate of magnetic reconnection quickly increases, and then increases with a slightly lower velocity of about 50.5 km s−1 after the peak of the rate of magnetic reconnection. The descent−ascent path of the SAF is due to the unbalance of the Lorentz force and the pressure force inside the magnetic loops. In synthetic EUV images, emission intensity variations in the area surrounding TSs are significant, indicating that, depending on the viewing angle, TSs could be identifiable in EUV observations. The results of numerical simulations are generally consistent with observations, helping us to better understand the characteristics of the SAF and the physical natures behind it.
Stellar Superflares Observed Simultaneously with Kepler and XMM-Newton
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexey A. , Kolotkov Dmitrii Y.
Published: May 2021

Solar and stellar flares are powerful events that produce intense radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum. Multiwavelength observations are highly important for understanding the nature of flares, because different flare-related processes reveal themselves in different spectral ranges. To study the correlation between thermal and nonthermal processes in stellar flares, we have searched the databases of Kepler (optical observations) and XMM-Newton (soft X-rays) for the flares observed simultaneously with both instruments; nine distinctive flares (with energies exceeding 1033 erg) on three stars (of K-M spectral classes) have been found. We have analyzed and compared the flare parameters in the optical and X-ray spectral ranges; we have also compared the obtained results with similar observations of solar flares. Most of the studied stellar flares released more energy in the optical range than in X-rays. In one flare, X-ray emission strongly dominated, which could be caused either by a soft spectrum of energetic electrons or by a near-limb position of this flare. The X-ray flares were typically delayed with respect to and shorter than their optical counterparts, which is partially consistent with the Neupert effect. Using the scaling laws based on the magnetic reconnection theory, we have estimated the characteristic magnetic field strengths in the stellar active regions and the sizes of these active regions as about 25–70 G and 250,000–500,000 km, respectively. The observed stellar superflares appear to be scaled-up versions of solar flares, with a similar underlying mechanism and nearly the same characteristic magnetic field values, but with much larger active region sizes.
On Fabry–Pérot Etalon-based Instruments. IV. Analytical Formulation of Telecentric Etalons
Authors: Bailén F. J. , Orozco Suárez D. , del Toro Iniesta J. C.
Published: May 2021

Fabry–Pérot etalons illuminated with collimated beams have been analytically characterized in detail since their invention. Meanwhile, most of the features of etalons located in telecentric planes have been studied only numerically, despite the wide use of this configuration in astrophysical instrumentation for decades. In this work we present analytical expressions for the transmitted electric field and its derivatives that are valid for etalons placed in slow telecentric beams, like the ones commonly employed in solar instruments. We use the derivatives to infer the sensitivity of the electric field to variations in the optical thickness for different reflectivities and apertures of the incident beam, and we compare them to the collimated case. This allows us to estimate the wavefront degradation produced by roughness errors on the surfaces of the Fabry–Pérot etalons and to establish the maximum allowed rms value of the cavity irregularities across the footprint of the incident beam on the etalons that ensures diffraction-limited performance. We also evaluate the wavefront degradation intrinsic to these mounts, which is produced only by the finite aperture of the beam and that must be added to the one produced by defects. Finally, we discuss the differences in performance of telecentric and collimated etalon-based instruments and we generalize our formulation to anisotropic etalons.
Tidal Heating Did Not Dry out Io and Europa
Authors: Bierson Carver J. , Steinbrügge Gregor
Published: May 2021

The Galilean satellites exhibit a clear trend in composition from the rocky Io, close to Jupiter, to the icy and distant Callisto. Proposed causes of this trend can be roughly divided by when the trend developed—either as a result of the material accreted, as a byproduct of the accretion process, or due to the subsequent diverging evolution of the moons. While the first two options have been heavily favored in the existing literature and were therefore studied previously, in this work, we directly address the last of these possibilities. To do so, we determine the range of plausible tidal heating experienced by these moons and how efficiently that energy could be converted into mass loss. We find that while the total tidal energy does exceed the energy required to lose an ice shell, the loss process would have to be highly energy efficient. Examining a range of loss processes, we find that only in extreme cases could enough mass be lost from Europa and no cases where enough mass could be lost from Io. We conclude that this compositional gradient must have been in place by the end of accretion.
Être directrice ou directeur d’une MECS (Maison d’Enfants à Caractère Social)
Authors: Guetat-Calabrese Narjès
Published: May 2021

L’auteure, directrice d’une maison d’enfants à caractère social (MECS), a réalisé une recherche dans le cadre d’une thèse en Sciences de l’éducation et de la formation, à propos de la fonction de direction d’une telle institution. Cet article rend compte de quelques-unes des hypothèses issues de cette recherche à partir de l’analyse des propos des deux directrices et deux directeurs qu’elle a interrogés. Ces hypothèses portent sur la question du rapport au temps de ces directrices et directeurs et en particulier sur leur rapport aux limites. Pour approfondir cette question l’auteure a recours aux théorisations de Jean Cournut qui développe les processus à l’œuvre chez des sujets qui ont une tendance aux excès dans l’effacement des limites.
Quelle écriture et quelles lectures de récits relatifs au traumatisme… de l’atteinte somatique grave ?
Authors: Peyrat-Apicella Delphine , Le-Berre Rozenn
Published: May 2021

Quand l’écriture ne résulte pas d’une injonction à produire un écrit normatif, elle peut prendre valeur de soutien des processus de pensée, à travers la mise en mots de l’irreprésentable. Dans le champ de la maladie grave, et plus particulièrement en cancérologie, la question de la mise en sens de l’« événement-maladie » à travers son historicisation questionne et interroge le rapport à l’élaboration du traumatisme dans un écrit autobiographique. De même, la littérature nous fournit un certain nombre d’œuvres prenant pour objet le cancer, que ce soit sous forme autobiographique ou fictionnelle. Nous chercherons ainsi, tant à travers les témoignages que de la littérature, à penser cette problématique d’engagement d’un travail de mise en mots prenant acte de la violence de la maladie grave, celle-ci pouvant parfois être poétisée, ou tout du moins support d’une créativité littéraire. Avec des distinctions mais également des lieux de croisement, nous interrogerons la place du langage et du « dire » au fondement de l’expérience humaine, et notamment lorsqu’elle est mise à l’épreuve par la traversée de la maladie.
Écrits des professionnels en protection de l’enfance : outil clinique du suivi des enfants confiés à l’Aide sociale à l’enfance
Authors: Arabaci-Colak Feryal
Published: May 2021

Pour les situations de placement à l’Aide sociale à l’enfance ( ase) , les écrits des professionnels peuvent être considérés comme un outil clinique central dans la prise en charge de l’enfant et de sa famille. Les éléments du parcours de placement peuvent être pensés comme un moyen de comprendre et d’analyser la situation évoquée, mais aussi comme une trace de l’histoire de l’enfant qui pourra le consulter dans son dossier ase ultérieurement. Un cas clinique issu de la pratique de l’auteure comme psychologue en service ase montre l’importance de l’écrit comme une trame de l’histoire de l’enfant, et un accès possible à ses origines. Outre sa dimension procédurale et protocolaire, considéré comme un élément clinique, l’écrit est aussi l’ouverture au tiers, et à l’altérité. Il permet de lier les différents évènements vécus par l’enfant durant son itinéraire d’enfant placé.
Étudiant(e)s-écrivain(e)s : l’expérience du master de création littéraire de Paris 8
Authors: Pattieu Sylvain
Published: May 2021

Les masters de création littéraire, qui commencent à se développer en France, sont parfois suspectés de formater l’écriture. Enseignant dans le master de l’université Paris 8, et écrivain, je propose, à partir de cette expérience, une autre analyse de leur rôle. Tout d’abord, ils permettent de mettre en place des dispositifs d’écriture en collectif, confrontant les étudiants à des sensibilités littéraires très diverses. Ils ont également une fonction d’encadrement, avec des contraintes de rendu et de légitimation qui permettent aux étudiants d’aller au bout de leur projet d’écriture, et de se permettre, socialement, de le faire. Ainsi, grâce à de telles formations, peuvent émerger de nouvelles voix littéraires, venues de milieux populaires ou de positions minoritaires, tout en leur permettant d’expérimenter les nouvelles normes du métier d’écrivain.
Les Lumières : hier, aujourd'hui, demain
Authors: Carrier Martin
Published: May 2021

L’exposé est centré sur l’influence des valeurs sur le système du savoir scientifique, autrement dit du poids (de l’effet) de ces valeurs, et inversement sur l’influence de la science sur l’estimation des valeurs, autrement dit son impact sur les valeurs. Du côté du poids, les valeurs épistémiques, telle la puissance de l’explication, sont essentielles comme aussi les règles de la communauté scientifique, dans l’examen des exigences de validité. Relativement à ces règles, la communauté scientifique sera souvent qualifiée de « société ouverte », caractérisée par sa transparence et son sens de l’égalité. Quant à l’impact des valeurs, la science est passée pendant longtemps pour la force de la raison, libérant les hommes des contraintes de la tradition et du despotisme. Dans les dernières décennies, elle s’est au contraire souvent trouvée au contact de valeurs profondément différentes et régie, dans des conflits sociétaux, par des intérêts économiques unilatéraux et partisans ; en plus elle sera fréquemment dépassée par la complexité des problèmes pratiques. L’opinion proclame alors que la science est vénale, se met au service des autorités politiques, et en face de défis difficiles et complexes, connait assez fréquemment un échec. Ma thèse défend l’idée que l’apport actif d’un espace pluraliste représente un pas vers la renaissance du vieux pacte entre la science et les valeurs des Lumières. Le pluralisme est particulièrement indiqué pour se protéger de l’arrogance d’experts et réaliser un dialogue avec des citoyens doués de critiques.
Les Lumières : hier, aujourd'hui, demain
Authors: Delmas-Marty Mireille
Published: May 2021

Avec les Lumières, apparaît la question des limites à la liberté. Question renouvelée à l’heure où les risques globalisent alors que le droit s’internationalise seulement par fragments et de façon parfois contradictoire. L’idée directrice est que l’universalisme juridique rêvé notamment par Kant (droit cosmopolitique) devient en partie une réalité avec l’actuelle mondialisation du droit. Mais en partie seulement. Du rêve à la réalité, le chemin ne conduit pas tout droit à l’avènement de la « paix perpétuelle ». Après avoir évoqué l’ entrée de l’universalisme juridique dans le droit positif , nous montrons comment, prise entre le droit interne débordé et un droit commun encore inachevé, la mondialisation est pour l’universalisme juridique une véritable épreuve illustrée par l’exemple de risques globaux (notamment écologiques et biotechnologiques). Enfin, face à l’épreuve, nous tentons de revisiter la question des limitations .
Les Lumières : hier, aujourd'hui, demain
Authors: Enskat Rainer
Published: May 2021

L’image vulgaire d’un Rousseau critique de la civilisation et Cassandre de la science est radicalement remise en cause. Ses textes peuvent montrer que Rousseau admirait la fécondité, la beauté et le caractère sublime de la science. Dans un cours de chimie qu’il suivit en 1747 conjointement avec Diderot aux Jardins Royaux sous la direction de François Rouelle, il s’arrogeait passagèrement la conception des Lumières fondée sur le progrès des sciences. Le document personnel de cette conviction est son manuscrit Institution chymique de 1747, qui ne fait pas moins de 1 500 pages. La version publiée entre 1918 et 1921 dans les Annales de la société Jean-Jacques Rousseau , contient déjà 350 pages. Mais, dans l’histoire intellectuelle des temps modernes, le forum le plus important d’une telle conception des Lumières est L’encyclopédie des sciences, des arts, et des métiers par d’Alembert et Diderot. Toutefois, dans son Discours des sciences et des arts de 1750 Rousseau montre qu’il avait connu une profonde crise intellectuelle dès son cours chimique : entre 1750 et 1762 il a attiré avec plus de pénétration que tout autre philosophe des temps modernes l’attention sur les défauts structurels de la conception de Lumières se fondant sur les sciences. Durant ces douze années de réflexion et de méditation, il élabore une conception des Lumières qui prend le contre-pied de l’acception traditionnelle, en ce qu’elle prend comme point de départ le jugement pratique et politique. S’inscrivant dans la classique conception aristotélicienne, il comprend le jugement pratique comme la faculté spécifiquement cognitive qui rend possible de répondre dans chaque situation concrète de la vie quotidienne aux quatre questions cardinales de Rousseau : Qu’est ce qu’il importe de savoir ? Qu’est ce qu’il est utile de savoir ? Quels sont les objets dignes d’être recherchés ? Que vaut exactement la science ? Si le jugement se trompe dans ces questions, force est de reconnaître, et c’est là le diagnostic Rousseau, que : « le jugement n’est pas toujours éclairé ». Néanmoins, il faut toujours chercher une réponse à ces questions et ne cesser donc d’éclairer son jugement C’est pourquoi les Lumières sont une mission à jamais.
Les Lumières : hier, aujourd'hui, demain
Authors: Gros François
Published: May 2021

La science a été la référence privilégiée du grand mouvement des « Lumières ». Elle a incarné, en tant que valeur émancipatrice, la voie vers l’affranchissement des dogmes de toute nature qui avaient prévalu jusqu’alors, replaçant, au niveau de l’intelligence créative et de l’initiative individuelle, la solution du progrès des sociétés et des peuples. Mais cette conception – souvent fort « idéalisée », il est vrai, au Siècle des lumières, et dans les débuts du xix e  siècle – allait peu à peu être, du moins partiellement, remise en question au fil de l’histoire. De nombreux facteurs y ont contribué : l’accroissement de la démographie mondiale et le fossé grandissant entre nations riches et pauvres, la montée d’idéologies diverses, les guerres… mais aussi la prévalence accrue de la dimension « économique » et du « tout technologique » sur le culturel, conduisant souvent à maintes interrogations relevant de l’éthique ou de l’écologie… Qu’en est-il aujourd’hui ? Peut-on encore parler « d’universalisme scientifique » en tant que valeur de référence sociale et culturelle ? Les avancées de la science et les innovations technologiques ont certes révolutionné nos modes de vie et seront appelées à la faire plus encore ! Mais ne nous ont-elles pas quelque peu pris de vitesse, au point qu’on assiste à une certaine remise en cause du pacte de confiance entre la science et la société ? Nous nous intéresserons à ces problèmes, et tenterons d’avancer quelques pistes, en demeurant convaincu que la science est indissociable de la culture.
Les Lumières : hier, aujourd'hui, demain
Authors: Wolters Gereon
Published: May 2021

Depuis le début de la pensée occidentale chez les présocratques, les Lumières, vues comme une pensée rationnelle autonome sont dans une situation d’antagonisme vis-à-vis de la religion. La raison philosophique agit comme un corrosif (P. Bayle) envers des conceptions religieuses (et éganlement politiques) reconnues. L’action corrosive des Lumières s’est révélée particulièrement intense et durable à l’époque même des Lumières. En Europe la conséquence a été l’état séculier. Ce résultat n’a cependant pas été complètement atteint partout (à considérer par exemple les privilèges des églises aux universités allemandes). Il s’est en effet éventuelement renforcé devant de nouveaux dangers, par exemple celui du fondamentalisme islamiste aux frontières fluctuantes.
François Mitterrand et la guerre froide : fin de partie
Authors: Soutou Georges-Henri
Published: May 2021

La fin de la guerre froide avec la réunification allemande obligeait la France à revoir sa politique étrangère. François Mitterrand, à défaut d’anticiper, réussit à s’adapter à des changements géopolitiques profonds, sans pour autant parvenir à construire un système européen de sécurité indépendant des États-Unis.
La capacité d’être ensemble : grossesses dans un groupe de patients psychotiques
Authors: Toliou Anastasia , Papathanasiou Evgenia
Published: May 2021

L’article explore les manifestations de l’excitation dans un groupe de patients psychotiques face à l’événement que constitue la grossesse d’une thérapeute. Il montre les effets de déliaison que peut avoir cet événement qui déstabilise la vie du groupe et modifie son dispositif. À travers différentes vignettes cliniques, les auteurs montrent la manière dont le travail du groupe peut contribuer à la mise en élaboration des effets de l’excitation et ouvrir une voie possible à la mentalisation.
Multi-Input MultiOutput Model-Following Control Design Methods for Rotorcraft
Authors: Spires J. Michael , Horn Joseph F.
Published: May 2021

Two methods of multi-input multioutput (MIMO) command-model-following control design are compared for rotorcraft flight control. The first, explicit model following (EMF), employs single-input single-output inverse plants with a dynamic decoupling matrix, which is a purely feed-forward
approach to inverting the plant. The second is dynamic inversion (DI), which involves both feed-forward and feedback path elements to invert the plant. The EMF design is purely linear, while the DI design has some nonlinear elements in vertical rate control. For each of these methods, an architecture
is presented that provides angular rate model following with selectable vertical rate model following. Implementation challenges of both EMF and DI are covered, and methods of dealing with them are presented. These two MIMO model-following approaches are evaluated regarding (1) fidelity to
the command model and (2) turbulence rejection. Both are found to provide good tracking of commands and reduction of cross coupling.
Dairy and The Dietary Guidelines for Americans:
Time to Reassess the Evidence
Authors: Thatcher Meschelle
Published: May 2021

The ‘Got Milk?’ campaign raised an entire generation to believe that dairy is an essential part of a healthy diet, but is milk really the wholesome beverage we think it is? This article explores the presumed health benefits of dairy consumption articulated by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Although the DGA asserts that dairy is associated with bone health and other positive health outcomes, existing evidence suggests otherwise. As such, this article advocates for a new evidence review that would assess the association between dairy and negative health outcomes—particularly in relation to bone health, saturated fat content, and chronic disease. The article also identifies problems with the new DGA process, which identifies questions for the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Committee (DGAC) before the DGAC members are selected. Finally, the article addresses the public’s relationship with different dairy and non-dairy alternative products and how the California Milk Processor Board is working to influence this relationship. Recommendations for the DGA are provided at the end.
Comparison of Different Surgical Treatment Modalities for Nasal Obstruction Caused by Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy
Authors: Al Jabr Ibrahim K. , Alaboud Njood , Al Habeeb Faissal A
Published: May 2021

Background:

Hypertrophied inferior turbinates considered the second most frequent contributor to nasal obstruction after septal defects. Various medical measures can be used to treat inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH). After failure of medical methods, surgery becomes the cornerstone of management, which is still a controversial issue in the otorhinolaryngology field. Although these surgeries have been practiced for decades, no conclusion has been drawn about the best and optimal choice.

Objectives:

The objectives were to compare the results between submucosal diathermy (SMD) and partial inferior turbinectomy (PIT) in terms of postoperative bleeding, crusting, dry throat, voice change, postnasal drip, nasal obstruction, need for re-use of medications, and further need for nasal surgery.

Subjects and Methods:

A prospective observational study involving 100 patients with ITH. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A underwent SMD and Group B underwent PIT. Postoperative follow-up was done at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months.

Results:

At 1-week, nasal crusting, postnasal drip, and dry throat were reported more in SMD. At 1-month, nasal crusting and voice change were experienced more in PIT. At 6-month, nasal crusting and voice change occurred more in PIT. Nasal obstruction occurred more in SMD. Re-use of medications and further nasal surgery were more in SMD.

Conclusion:

SMD is less invasive with fewer complications regarding bleeding and crusting in comparison to PIT, but its effectiveness compared to PIT in re-use of medications and need for further nasal surgery is less.
Assessment of nutrients and metals in sediments of Ogba river, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Edokpa DA , Ogbeibu AE
Published: May 2021

This study assesses the concentrations of nutrients and metals in river bed sediments of Ogba River, a fourth-order river in Southern Nigeria. Most rivers in this region are exposed to untreated industrial and domestic wastewater discharge, including atmospheric deposition from crude oil exploration activities. River bed sediment samples were collected from four sites located downstream of an urban sewage discharge and agro-allied industry wastewater release point. The results showed statistically significant differences in sediment particle size distribution, nutrient and metal concentrations across the sites. The sediment particle size distribution was dominated by sand (92%), with mean pH range of between 5.1 and 6.0. Concentrations of metals and nutrients were highest in sediments of Site 2 located in close proximity to refuse dump sites and arable land use. Total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrate (NO3--N) were negatively correlated with sand but positively related to clay (P<0.01). No significant relationship was found between metals except for Ni and cadmium (Cd), and Fe and Ni. In addition, no significant relationship was found between TOC and metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb and Ni), suggesting that in this fluvial system TOC may not be effective in the complexation of metals.Key Words: Sediment, metals, nutrients, freshwater, Nigeria
Effects of cypermethrin on haematological parameters of African freshwater catfish, Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Gabriel U.U. , Ugbomeh A.P.
Published: May 2021

The effect of cypermethrin on the haematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus was studied using a two factor complete randomised design with five exposure concentrations and a control. The expo-sure time was 14 days in cypermethrin and 14 days in pesticide free water. Blood samples were col-lected and analysed for Packed Cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), Red blood cell count (RBC),Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), platelet count, White blood cell count (WBC), Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Mean corpuscular haemoglobin volume (MCV) and Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH). In most of the exposure concentrations, the values of PCV, Hb and RBC in the exposure (14 days) and withdrawal periods (14 days) for all concentrations were raised above that of control. Exposure to the chemical caused significant changes (p< 0.05) in the haematological parameters. The responses of RBC indices (MCHC, MCV and MCH) varied widely during the periods; but did not differ (p>0.05) at the exposure period. ESR of the fish increased during the exposure period, decreased at the first week of withdrawal but increased in the fourth week. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the ESR, leucocrit and oxygen carrying capacity variable at the various concentrations of cypermethrin and exposure period.Key Words: Cypermethrin, blood parameters, pyrethroid insecticides, Clarias gariepinus
Effect of algal diets on growth of Calanoid copepod, Acartia tonsa (Dana, 1896)
Authors: Ajijo M.R.
Published: May 2021

The effect of different algal diets on the growth of copepod Acartia tonsa was investigated under laboratory conditions. Copepod were fed for fifteen days with seven algal diets which included three mono-algal diets such as Isochrysis sp. (T1), Chaetoceros sp. (T2) and Tetraselmis sp. (T3), and four mixed algal diets such as Tetraselmis sp. and Isochrysis sp. (T4); Tetraselmis sp. and Chaetoceros sp. (T5); Isochrysis sp. and Chaetoceros sp. (T6) and Tetraselmis sp., Isochrysis sp. and Chaetoceros sp. (T7) in water of temperature 25±1oC and salinity of 20 ‰ with treatments in triplicates. Copepod fed mono-species algal diet Isochrysis sp. produced the highest mean body length at the early stage of culture. Growth was highest in copepod fed mixed algal diet of T7, while the least growth was observed in copepod fed mixed algal diet of T6. However, growth in copepod fed mixed algal diets of T7 and T4 were not significantly different (P>0.05). The study showed the viability of the local alga Isochrysis as food item both as mono-algal diet and in mixed algal diets for optimal growth of copepod Acartia tonsa. This makes the culture of the copepod a promising live feed in aquaculture practices in Nigeria.Keywords: Tetraselmis sp., Isochrysis sp., Chaetoceros sp., f/2 medium and Conwy medium
Fungi associated with post-harvest deterioration of dried Clarias gariepinus vended in some markets in Uyo, Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria
Authors: Bassey I.N. , Effiong M.U.
Published: May 2021

Mycoflora of dried Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) were studied on samples obtained from Afaha, Okpokpo and Itam markets in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State using standard methods. Potato dextrose agar was used for isolation process. This was done twice (first and seventh day). Fungi were identified according to their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Results revealed that fish samples from okpokpo market contained highest number (10) of fungal isolates while samples from Afaha and Itam markets recorded seven each. Species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Candida, Epicoccum, Rhizopus, Absidia, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Mucor, Cladosporium and Alternaria were isolated. The most commonly isolated fungi were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp. and Rhizopus sp. The least isolated fungi from Afaha market were A. glaucus (10.0% and 13.1%) and Fusaruim sp. (5.5% and 15.3%) while Okpokpo market Penicillium was the least at 13.2% and 22.5% at initial and final isolation respectively. The highest frequencies of occurrence were: Afaha market, Rhizopus sp. (45.4%); Okpokpo market, A. flavus (56.1%) and Itam market, Alternaria sp. at 46.65%. Generally, incidence of A. flavus was highest and samples from Okpokpo market recorded highest frequency of occurrence of fungi at final isolation. This high frequency of occurrence of these fungi revealed reduction in value of dried catfish, subsequent spoilage and increase in economic loss.Key Words: Mycoflora, isolation, fungi, Fusarium, C. gariepinus
Species composition, length-weight relationship and condition factor of landed fish catch of Elechi Creek, Niger Delta
Authors: Deekae S.N.
Published: May 2021

Information on length-weight relationship and condition of landed fish catch at Elechi Creek is inadequate despite different human activities taking place there. Fish specimens were procured twice monthly between April and September 2012 from artisanal fishers and middlemen at three landing sites (stations) in study area. Lengths and weights of fish were determined to nearest centimeter and gram using standard methods. Fulton’s condition factor was estimated following Bagenal and Tesh method to determine health status of fish. One thousand specimens comprising of 15 species from 15 families were examined. Tilapia guineensis (Cichlidae) (150, 15%) recorded highest number while Microchirus boscanion (Oleidae) accounted for lowest number (23, 2.3%). Sizes of fishes included small-sized (5.3 cm to 7.6 cm) to large-sized fishes (23.8 cm to 29.4 cm). Considering stations, the highest number of fishes was recorded in Station 3 (438 specimens) while the lowest was in Station 1 (257 specimens). Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (b=3.75), Mugil cephalus (b=3.02) and Atherina formis (b=3.46) exhibited positive allometry growth while Pseudotolithus elongatus (b=2.55), Eleotris africana (b=2.79), Sardinella maderemsis (b=2.04), Periophthalmus barbarous (b=2.77), Microchirus poscanion had negative allometry growth. Five species of fish had condition factor below 1 which signified that Elechi Creek was not conducive for their growth.Keywords: Fish catch, growth pattern, wellbeing, anthropogenic inputs, species
Sex ratio, gonadal development and fecundity of the grunt, Pomadasys jubelini (Cuvier, 1830) in the new Calabar-Bonny River, Nigeria
Authors: Agbugui M.O. , Deekae S.N. , Oniye S.J.
Published: May 2021

The sex ratio, gonadosomatic index, stages of gonadal development and fecundity of the grunt, Pomadasys jubelini in the New Calabar-Bonny River were investigated. P. jubelini had a sex ratio of 1: 2.1 (male to female). Gonadosomatic index ranged from 0.33 to 7.29% with a mean of 2.89+0.08%. High gonadosomatic indices were recorded from September to October, which indicates the production period of the fish. Two stages; maturing and mature were observed for male fish while quiescent, maturing and mature were observed for female fish. Fecundity ranged from 9,085 to 37,926 eggs and a mean of 25,852+432 eggs. This is an indication that P. jubelini has low fecundity. Fecundity-body weight and fecundity-body length were positively correlated. Fecundity-weight relationship was Log F=0.1243+2.74 Log W (r=0.950). Fecundity-length relationship was Log F=0.0247 + Log 1.779 log L=(r=0.114), Fecundity was more related to weight than length. P. jubelini begins spawning during the rainy season in marine and estuarine environments. During this period large number of fingerlings and juveniles are in abundance. The results of this study will assist in increasing the knowledge of the reproductive biology of P. jubelini which is relevant in aquaculture development of the species.Keywords: Fecundity, gonadal development, gonadosomatic index, New Calabar-Bonny River, Pomadasys jubelini
Assessment of Heavy Metal Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Samples from Uta Ewa Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Abiaobo N.O , Asuquo I.E , Ejiogu I.N
Published: May 2021

The Uta-Ewa Creek is one of the largest aquatic commercial hubs in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. As a result of household activities, urbanization as well as the continuous industrial and agricultural growth, the health of this aquatic system is potentially deteriorating and under threat. This study was conducted to determine trace metal toxicity in tilapia species caught along the creek. Heavy metal concentration in fish tissue was analyzed using standard procedure. Results revealed that concentration of cadmium ranged from 1.708 to 1.963 mg/kg (mean = 1.82 ± 0.099 mg/kg), chromium: 0.003 to 0.016 mg/kg (mean = 0.0 ± 0.005 mg/kg), copper: 1.829 to 2.558 mg/kg (mean = 2.27 ± 0.354 mg/kg), iron: 2.104 to 2.601mg/kg (mean = 2.38 ± 0.189 mg/kg), lead: 0.004 to 0.067 mg/kg (mean = 0.04 ± 0.024 mg/kg), manganese: 1.987 to 2.485 mg/kg (mean = 2.21 ± 0.188 mg/kg) and zinc: 1.019 to 2.986 mg/kg (mean = 1.69 ± 0.811 mg/kg). The average heavy metal accumulation in fish tissue followed this sequence: Fe>Cu> Zn>Mn>Cd>Cr>Pb.The depth of accumulation of heavy metals revealed in this study was higher than the recommended levels by WHO, FEPA and USEPA. This indicated bioaccumulation. Inference from this study showed that, tilapia fish from Uta-Ewa Creek may be unsafe for human consumption. Consequently, appropriate monitoring of the health of this aquatic system is recommended.

Keywords: Heavy metals, bioaccumulation, concentration, monitoring, pollution
DEVIANT BEHAVIOR OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM
Authors:   International Science Group, Bartienieva Iryna , Nozdrova Oksana
Published: May 2021

Proceedings Article published 2020 in INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC BASES INTO PRACTICE
THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF THE FUTURE TEACHER IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   International Science Group, Bartienieva Iryna , Nozdrova Oksana
Published: May 2021

Proceedings Article published 2020 in THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL PROCESS MANAGEMENT
PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE TEACHERS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   International Science Group, Bartienieva Iryna , Nozdrova Oksana
Published: May 2021

Proceedings Article published 2020 in ABOUT THE PROBLEMS OF PRACTICE, SCIENCE AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM
PROJECT TECHNOLOGY AS MEANS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   International Science Group, Bartienieva Iryna , Nozdrova Oksana
Published: May 2021

Proceedings Article published 2020 in SOCIAL FUNCTION OF SCIENCE, TEACHING AND LEARNING
Genomic Resources for the North American Water Vole (Microtus richardsoni) and the Montane Vole (Microtus montanus)
Authors: Duckett Drew J. , Sullivan Jack , Pirro Stacy , Carstens Bryan C.
Published: May 2021

Voles of the genus Microtus are important research organisms, yet genomic resources are lacking. Such resources would benefit future studies of immunology, phylogeography, cryptic diversity, and more. We sequenced and assembled nuclear genomes from two subspecies of water vole (Microtus richardsoni) and from the montane vole (Microtus montanus). The water vole genomes were sequenced with Illumina and 10× Chromium plus Illumina sequencing, resulting in assemblies with ∼1600,000 and ∼30,000 scaffolds, respectively. The montane vole was also assembled into ∼13,000 scaffolds using Illumina sequencing. Mitochondrial genome assemblies were also performed for both species. Structural and functional annotation for the best water vole nuclear genome resulted in ∼24,500 annotated genes, with 83% of these having functional annotations. Assembly quality statistics for our nuclear assemblies fall within the range of genomes previously published in the genus Microtus, making the water vole and montane vole genomes useful additions to currently available genomic resources.
Adapting Practices from Qualitative Research to Tell a Compelling Story: A Practical Framework for Conducting a Literature Review
Authors: Kalpokaite Neringa , Radivojevic Ivana
Published: May 2021

Despite the literature review being a common task for researchers, the actual process of conducting a quality literature review can easily be taken for granted. In effort to help qualitative researchers, this paper presents a practical framework for conducting a literature review that stems from qualitative research practices. As a literature review is essentially an analysis of rich textual information, qualitative research concepts, and skills can be creatively applied to the process of conducting a literature review. The present paper aims to share the fruits of qualitative analysis with researchers from all disciplines so that they may make sense of this rich information and tell a coherent and compelling story regarding their own analysis. In particular, this paper outlines foundational similarities between qualitative research and literature reviews and then proceeds to provide adaptable guidelines for connecting qualitative research skills to carrying out a rigorous literature review. We hope to incite curiosity and reflection on how qualitative research skills can be valuable beyond just analyzing qualitative data.
Practicing Ethics and Ethics Praxis
Authors: Tolich Martin , Tumilty Emma
Published: May 2021

Purpose - This paper demonstrates the limited efficacy procedural ethics has for qualitative research. Ethics committee’s instructions have a short shelf life given the research question qualitative researchers create is volatile; that is, likely to change due to the inductive, emergent, informant-led nature of qualitative research. Design - This article draws on extensive literature to examine the void between the original research design and the messy reality experienced in the field. We focus on how researchers can practice ethically by recognizing the need for agile and responsive ethics praxis in their work. Findings - This practice describes the researcher, recognizing the initial support from an ethics committee and its limitations, but as the research gets underway assuming full responsibility for ethical considerations that emerge in the field. Practical implications - Researchers’ responsibilities entail recognising the dual faces of confidentiality; distinguishing external confidentiality from internal confidentiality. Other responsibilities in post procedural ethics include recognising and addressing what Guillemin and Gillam label big ethical moments and addressing these in different ways. Originality/value - At times, participants and researchers’ ethical protections are insufficient to deal with the unforeseen, requiring on the spot ethical reasoning and decision-making. Being prepared for and capable of ethics praxis is therefore crucial. Researchers should also assume they may find themselves at personal risk (physically, emotionally, reputationally) and in anticipation of that they should create a safety plan. Most importantly, the changeable nature of practicing ethical research requires researchers to establish a reference group that can provide impartial advice and guidance enhancing the ethical practice.
Supporting Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Research Partnerships
Authors: Edwards Rosalind , Barnes Helen , McGregor Deborah , Brannelly Tula
Published: May 2021

This commentary discusses the framing of the production of a series of online text-based and visual resources aimed at researchers embarking on Indigenous and non-Indigenous research partnerships, and in particular supporting non-Indigenous researchers to think about our/their methods, assumptions and behaviour. We identify the tension in mainstream funding for such partnerships, and discuss the implications of Northern epistemological claims to agendas and universality as against Southern epistemologies acknowledging diversity and challenging oppressions. We note the distinct bases for Indigenous methodologies. Our commentary outlines and illustrates the online downloadable resources produced by our own Indigenous and non-Indigenous research partnership, including a video/audio recording, a comic, and blog posts, addressing decolonized collaborative practice.
Reflecting on CAQDAS and Ethics
Authors: Brandão Catarina , Costa António
Published: May 2021

As the use of Computer-assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) becomes recurrent in qualitative research, researchers who use this methodological approach need to consider how ethical issues present themselves when we use these types of tools. In this introductory text to the Special Issue of The Qualitative Report, we identify and discuss some of the ethical aspects that we believe are interconnected with CAQDAS. By doing so, we hope to contribute to the reflection on these aspects and the definition of a praxis regarding ethical procedures when using a CAQDAS.
THE INFLUENCE OF MASS AND SIZE EFFECTS ON THE RADIOLYSIS PROCESS OF WATER IN THE BeO/H2O SUSPENDED SYSTEM BY THE GAMMA-QUANTA
Authors: Jafarov Y.D.
Published: May 2021

The amount, formation rate and radiation-chemical yield of molecular hydrogen obtained from water radiolysis process within the system, have been defined according to both water and BeO by maintaining the water volume constant (V = 5 ml); by changing the mass (mBeO= 0.0 (pure water), 0.01; 0.02; 0.04; 0.08; 0.2 g) and particle size (d < 4, d = 32…53 and 75…106 μm) of beryllium oxide in the porous BeO/H2O suspended systems by the influence of γ-quanta (60Co, P = 19.5 rad/s, T = 300 K). It has been established that the amount, formation rate and radiation-chemical yield of molecular hydrogen defined according to both water and BeO from radiation-heterogeneous transformation of water in these systems, change depending on mass and particle size of BeO added to water.