bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UV‐cured silicone composites obtained via hydrosilation and in‐situ generation of inorganic particles
Authors: Marchi Sophie , Sangermano Marco , Meier Patrick , Kornmann Xavier
Published: October 2015

The in situ generation of particles is an efficient way to prepare organic‐inorganic hybrid materials. This approach has been widely used to enhance the dispersion within the matrix and therefore to improve the composites’ properties. This method was used in the present paper to produce silicone composites. The crosslinking of the polymer matrix was achieved by hydrosilation reaction that is typically the addition of a Si‐H bond across a double bond, in the presence of a platinum catalyst. The generation of silica particles was carried out prior the hydrosilation reaction. We previously demonstrated that this usually thermally activated reaction can also be induced under UV‐light and that a front propagation allows the formation of thick unfilled samples. However, the presence of inorganic particles directly dispersed in the matrix lead to a reduction of thickness curability. That is the reason why the addition of particles by sol‐gel process is studied in the present article. The lower dimension and better dispersion of the particles within the material promote the formation of thicker cured composites. The effect of the silica precursor's amount on the system's reactivity was evaluated and samples thick up to 2 cm were obtained with the most suitable conditions of reaction. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:3–8, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Investigation of β phase formation in piezoelectric response of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers: LiCl additive and increasing fibers tension
Authors: Mokhtari F. , Shamshirsaz M. , Latifi M.
Published: October 2015

As a piezoelectric polymer, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is attractive in energy conversion applications between electrical and mechanical forms because of its low cost, high flexibility, and biocompatibility. The piezoelectricity of electrospun PVDF polymer is due to changes in the crystalline structure (e.g., creating the β‐phase) during the electrospinning process. This research focuses on two approaches for investigation of β Phase formation: (1) addition of LiCl in different concentrations (0.001, 0.00133, 0.002, 0.004 wt%) as inorganic salt to the polymer solution, (2) increasing tension along the fiber axis by increasing the collector drum speed during the aligning process. Performances of these structures were evaluated by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A one‐step nano‐generator and cost‐effective package based on electrospun nanofibers was presented to measure output voltages as a performance factor. Results show that the addition of LiCl leads to β Phase formation in the crystalline structure, decreasing fiber diameter to 65 nm, and increment in the work of rupture and piezoelectric output. Moreover, the results show that increasing collector drum speed causes the alignment of β‐crystallites along the fiber axis and subsequently no considerable effect on the formation of β‐phases and output voltage. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:61–70, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Photovoltaics literature survey (No. 103)
Authors: Shrestha Santosh
Published: October 2015

In order to help keep readers up‐to‐date in the field, each issue of Progress in Photovoltaics will contain a list of recently published journal articles most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn from an extremely wide range of journals, incl uding IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Journal of Applied Physics, Applied Physics Letters, Progress in Photovoltaics, and Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. To assist the reader, the list is separated into broad categories, but please note that these classifications are by no means strict. Also, note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. If you have any suggestions, please email Santosh Shrestha at s.shrestha@unsw.edu.au.
Correlation of Activation Energies of Gas Diffusivity and Local Matrix Mobility in Polycarbonate/POSS Nanocomposites
Authors: Böhning Martin , Hao Ning , Schönhals Andreas
Published: October 2015

According to basic phenomenological models describing the solution‐diffusion based mechanism of penetrant diffusion in dense polymers, a connection between the diffusive transport of gas molecules in a polymeric matrix and the molecular mobility of that matrix on a certain length scale is, in principle, established for a long time. However, experimental data directly showing this correlation are rare. The investigation of a series of nanocomposites based on a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and a polycarbonate matrix allows a systematic change of the molecular mobility on a local length scale (β‐relaxation) and of the corresponding activation energy EA, both determined by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Independently, activation energies of penetrant diffusion (ED) of these nanocomposites were determined for N2, O2, CO2, and CH4 and a clear linear correlation between the two activation energies was established for the first time. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1593–1597
Determining Boron Speciation with an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer
Authors: Papenmeier Douglas
Published: October 2015

A method of differentiating elemental B from oxidized B using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) is presented. The method was developed and validated on weapons grade BKNO3.
4,5‐Bis(5‐tetrazolyl)‐1,2,3‐triazole: Synthesis and Performance
Authors: Du Zhiming , Zhang Yinghao , Han Zhiyue , Yao Qian
Published: October 2015

4,5‐Bis(5‐tetrazolyl)‐1,2,3‐triazole (BTT) was synthesized by a new method. Its structure was characterized by IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis (EA). The thermal stability of BTT was investigated by TG‐DSC technique. The kinetic parameters including activation energy and pro‐exponential factor were calculated by Kissinger equation. The combustion heat, detonation products, hygroscopicity, impact, and friction sensitivity were also measured. The formation heat, detonation pressure, and detonation velocity of BTT were calculated. BTT has high detonation pressure and detonation velocity (P=35.36 GPa, D=8.971 km s−1). BTT has potential application prospect as environmentally friendly gas generant, insensitive explosive and solid propellant.
If we understand the past we can plan for the future
Authors: Baines Darrin
Published: October 2015

Tracing the history of prescribing in the UK and why it matters in present day dispensing.
Recommended management of acute gout and hyperuricaemia
Authors: Gibson Terence
Published: October 2015

Gout is a painful condition precipitated by uric acid crystals entering the joint space and is the consequence of hyperuricaemia. Our Drug review discusses both the treatment of pain and inflammation and the reduction of raised uric acid levels, followed by sources of further information. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
How well does the ‘counter‐urbanisation story’ travel to other countries? the case of Norway
Authors: Grimsrud Gro Marit
Published: October 2015

The predominant theories in rural population research are largely rooted in counter‐urbanisation contexts, and it seems that the academic and political thinking about rurality is influenced by these ideas in countries beyond those actually experiencing counter‐urbanisation. One outcome of this research is the construction of rural in‐migration as mainly related to a desire for a rural lifestyle. This paper illustrates in two ways that such representations are not suitable for understanding migration into rural Norway. Firstly, longitudinal data confirm that urban–rural migrations do not increase but encompass a minimal and steady share of the rural population. Secondly, survey data suggest that rural in‐migrants are more likely to be motivated by family relations and economic concerns than that by anti‐urban preferences for rural living. Migrants moving into the metropolitan fringes, however, are better fit for the motivation structure indicated by the prevailing models of counter‐urbanisation. Thus, the paper adds further context to the largely British counter‐urbanisation narrative and cautions researchers of population change in remote rural areas about using conceptualisations originating in the core regions of Europe and America.
Antithrombotic Effect of a Polysaccharide Fraction from Laminaria japonica from the South China Sea
Authors: Xie Lu , Chen Meng‐Hua , Li Jing , Yang Xiao‐Mei , Huang Qiao‐Juan
Published: October 2015

Some in vitro studies have identified an antithrombotic effect of polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica, but this activity remains to be confirmed in vivo. In this study a polysaccharide fraction termed PLG was extracted from L. japonica in the Beibu Gulf in Guangxi, China, and its antithrombotic effects explored in rat models of carotid and venous thrombosis. Its anticoagulation and antiplatelet properties were assessed by measuring the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and ADP‐induced platelet aggregation rate (Aggmax). Its effects on bleeding time were measured using the tail transection method. It was found that pretreatment with an intraperitoneal injection of PLG at 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg significantly prolonged the occlusion time in the carotid thrombosis model, and a dose of 5.0 mg/kg reduced the thrombus weight in the venous thrombosis model. Pretreatment with PLG (5.0 mg/kg) increased the APTT and decreased the ADP‐induced platelet Aggmax. Neither dose of PLG significantly prolonged the bleeding time compared with the control group. In an in vitro anticoagulation assay using human plasma, PLG at 57.14, 28.57 and 28.57 μg/mL inhibited APTT and PT in a concentration‐dependent manner. The results show that PLG possesses antithrombotic activity in a rat model, and that it may prove to be clinically useful in humans. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural determination by atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry of some compounds isolated from the SARA fractions obtained from bitumen
Authors: Tachon Nadine , Jahouh Farid , Delmas Michel , Banoub Joseph H.
Published: October 2015

We have identified compounds obtained from the SARA fractions of bitumen by using atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry and low‐energy collision tandem mass spectrometric analyses with a QqToF‐MS/MS hybrid instrument. The identified compounds were isolated from the maltene saturated oil and the aromatic fractions of the SARA components of a bitumen. The QqToF instrument had sufficient mass resolution to provide accurate molecular weight information and to enhance the tandem mass spectrometry results. The APPI‐QqToF‐MS analysis of the separated compounds showed a series of protonated molecules [M + H]+ and molecular ions [M]+▪ of the same mass but having different chemical structures, in the maltene saturated oil and the aromatic SARA fractions. These isobaric ions were a molecular ion [M2]+▪ at m/z 418.2787 and a protonated molecule [M5 + H]+ at m/z 287.1625 in the saturated oil fraction, and molecular ions [M6]+▪ at m/z 418.1584 and [M7]+▪ at m/z 287.1285 in the aromatic fraction.

The identification of this series of chemical compounds was achieved by performing CID‐MS/MS analyses of the molecular ions [M]+▪ ([M1]+▪ at m/z 446. 2980, [M2]+▪ at m/z 418.2787, [M3]+▪ at m/z 360.3350 and [M4]+▪ at m/z 346.2095) in the saturated oil fraction and of the [M5 + H]+ ion at m/z 287.1625 also in the saturated oil fraction. The observed CID‐MS/MS fragmentation differences were explained by proposed different breakdown processes of the precursor ions. The presented tandem mass spectrometric study shows the capability of MS/MS experiments to differentiate between different classes of chemical compounds of the SARA components of bitumen and to explain the reasons for the observed mass spectrometric differences. However, greater mass resolution than that provided by the QqToF‐MS/MS instrument would be required for the analysis of the asphaltene fraction of bitumen. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural characterization of phenolics and betacyanins in Gomphrena globosa by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detection/electrospray ionization multi‐stage mass spectrometry
Authors: Ferreres Federico , Gil‐Izquierdo Angel , Valentão Patrícia , Andrade Paula B.
Published: October 2015

The metabolite profiling of Gomphrena globosa inflorescences was performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detection/electrospray ionization multi‐stage mass spectrometry (HPLC‐DAD/ESI‐MSn). Based on the fragmentation patterns, 24 phenolic compounds were characterized. The identified phenolics include p‐coumaric and ferulic acids, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and hydroxylated 6,7‐methylenedioxyflavone derivatives, as well as their aglycones, none of them reported before in the species. This is also the first time that tetrahydroxy‐methylenedioxyflavone derivatives and acetylglycosides are described in nature. Betacyanins were also found. This study significantly extends the knowledge of the G. globosa metabolome, by providing further insights into its phenolic composition. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Online methodology for determining compound‐specific hydrogen stable isotope ratios of trichloroethene and 1,2‐cis‐dichloroethene by continuous‐flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Shouakar‐Stash Orfan , Drimmie Robert J.
Published: October 2015

RATIONALE

Carbon and chlorine compound‐specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is utilized in chlorinated solvent contamination studies of soil and groundwater contaminated sites. However, in field studies, hydrogen CSIA has been used only in non‐chlorinated volatile organic compound (VOC) investigations, due to low conversion yields into hydrogen gas and poor reproducibility. Therefore, it is important to develop hydrogen CSIA methodology for soil and subsurface contamination studies.

METHODS

A new analytical method for determining compound‐specific hydrogen stable isotope ratios is presented. The isotopic ratios were measured by gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS) coupled with a chromium reduction system. The method was used to determine the δ2H values of trichloroethene (TCE) and 1,2‐cis‐dichloroethene (cis‐DCE).

RESULTS

The accuracy of the method was verified by conducting comparison measurements of standards by the conventional offline technique and the new method. The precision of the new analytical method (better than ±7 ‰) is better than that obtained from the offline method. The quantification limits of the headspace‐solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) are 400 µg/L and 200 µg/L for TCE and cis‐DCE, respectively. The quantification limits can be improved by adopting a more efficient pre‐concentration system such as purge‐and‐trap or thermal adsorption.

CONCLUSIONS

This analytical method will facilitate the use of hydrogen CSIA on chlorinated solvents, which can be beneficial in multi‐isotope approaches (coupling δ2H values with δ13C and/or δ37Cl values) in field site investigations where source identifications and contaminant behaviours are questioned. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust H∞ deconvolution filtering for uncertain singular Markovian jump systems with time‐varying delays
Authors: Zhuang Guangming , Xu Shengyuan , Zhang Baoyong , Xu Huiling , Chu Yuming
Published: October 2015

The problem of H∞ deconvolution filter design for a class of singular Markovian jump systems with time‐varying delays and parameter uncertainties is considered in this paper. By constructing a more comprehensive stochastic Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional, novel delay‐dependent conditions are established to guarantee the filtering error system is not only stochastically admissible, but also satisfies a prescribed H∞‐norm level for all admissible uncertainties. The desired filter parameters can be obtained by solving a set of strict linear matrix inequalities. Two examples and an electrical RLC circuit example are employed to verify the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed methods in the paper. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modular Integration of Upconverting Nanocrystal–Dendrimer Composites for Folate Receptor‐Specific NIR Imaging and Light‐Triggered Drug Release
Authors: Wong Pamela T. , Chen Dexin , Tang Shengzhuang , Yanik Sean , Payne Michael , Mukherjee Jhindan , Coulter Alexa , Tang Kenny , Tao Ke , Sun Kang , Baker James R. , Choi Seok Ki
Published: October 2015

Upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs) display near‐infrared (NIR)‐responsive photoluminescent properties for NIR imaging and drug delivery. The development of effective strategies for UCN integration with other complementary nanostructures for targeting and drug conjugation is highly desirable. This study reports on a core/shell‐based theranostic system designed by UCN integration with a folate (FA)‐conjugated dendrimer for tumor targeting and with photocaged doxorubicin as a cytotoxic agent. Two types of UCNs (NaYF4:Yb/Er (or Yb/Tm); diameter = ≈50 to 54 nm) are described, each displaying distinct emission properties upon NIR (980 nm) excitation. The UCNs are surface modified through covalent attachment of photocaged doxorubicin (ONB‐Dox) and a multivalent FA‐conjugated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G5(FA)6 to prepare UCN@(ONB‐Dox)(G5FA). Surface plasmon resonance experiments performed with G5(FA)6 dendrimer alone show nanomolar binding avidity (KD = 5.9 × 10−9m) to the folate binding protein. This dendrimer binding corresponds with selective binding and uptake of UCN@(ONB‐Dox)(G5FA) by FAR‐positive KB carcinoma cells in vitro. Furthermore, UCN@(ONB‐Dox)(G5FA) treatment of FAR(+) KB cells inhibits cell growth in a light dependent manner. These results validate the utility of modularly integrated UCN‐dendrimer nanocomposites for cell type specific NIR imaging and light‐controlled drug release, thus serving as a new theranostic system.
Monolayer Silane‐Coated, Water‐Soluble Quantum Dots
Authors: Zhang Xi , Shamirian Armen , Jawaid Ali M. , Tyrakowski Christina M. , Page Leah E. , Das Adita , Chen Ou , Isovic Adela , Hassan Asra , Snee Preston T.
Published: October 2015

A one‐step method to produce ≈12 nm hydrodynamic diameter water‐soluble CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), as well as CdS/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnMnS/ZnS, AgInS2/ZnS, and CuInS2/ZnS QDs, by ligand exchange with a near‐monolayer of organosilane caps is reported. The method cross‐links the surface‐bound silane ligands such that the samples are stable on the order of months under ambient conditions. Furthermore, the samples may retain a high quantum yield (60%) over this time. Several methods to functionalize aqueous QD dispersions with proteins and fluorescent dyes have been developed with reaction yields as high as 97%.
A new ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Colombia
Authors: Maxwell Erin E. , Dick Daniel , Padilla Santiago , Parra Mary Luz
Published: October 2015

Cretaceous ichthyosaurs were relatively diverse in temperate latitudes, but few species have been described from the palaeotropics. Here, we describe a new ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur, Muiscasaurus catheti gen. et sp. nov., from the Barremian–Aptian aged Paja Formation of Colombia. This species is known only from a partial skull and differs from all other ichthyosaurs in the unusual configuration of the external narial opening, slender rostrum, narrow postorbital region, and gracile dentition. It is the second ichthyosaur described from the Paja Formation, suggesting moderate taxonomic and ecological ichthyosaur diversity in the region during the Early Cretaceous.
The Digital Age of Student Affairs
Authors: Cabellon Edmund T. , Junco Reynol
Published: October 2015

This chapter describes the student affairs profession in the digital age. The authors explore new challenges educators and professionals face as new areas are added and expanded, how social networks and digital technology tools continue to evolve, and what skills are needed to engage with students in person and online.
Fatigue strength of high‐strength steel linings with different types of grouting opening
Authors: Greiner Richard , Lechner Andreas
Published: October 2015

Owing to the increased use of high‐strength steel (HSS) grades for steel linings in pressure shafts, the fatigue check becomes more and more critical for the proper design of such components. Eurocode 3, AD 2000 and IIW Recommendations do not consider the specific needs of liners with grouting openings (also called nipples) in combination with the higher steel grades. Therefore, a three‐year research project of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) was conducted to focus on investigating the fatigue strength of grouting nipples. This project saw a new design concept for steel linings with nipples established which takes into consideration the design concept of the Eurocode. The new findings regarding the fatigue strength of nipples were embedded in this concept.
The renewal of the pressure shaft for the Kaunertal high‐head hydropower plant in Austria
Authors: Hammer Andreas , Bonapace Paul , Maldet Rainer , Schüller Oswin
Published: October 2015

A new steel‐lined pressure shaft and surge tank are being constructed for the existing Kaunertal high‐head hydropower plant. The inclined shaft with a diameter of 4.3 m is approx. 1430 m long and is designed for a pressure head of 100 bar. The steel lining is fully embedded and installed inside the precast concrete segmental lining, which was earlier erected as the tunnelling work progressed. Steel design criteria take into account that the internal pressure is shared between the pipe steel and the rock mass according to the stiffness ratio of lining and rock mass.

To support the development of steel lining design and material specifications prior to award of contract, the permissible steel strength vs. ductility was investigated together with the compatibility between pipe material and welding material and the brittle fracture behaviour. In particular, the high‐performance steel and welding materials require a detailed fracture mechanics analysis to establish whether selected materials fit project requirements. Extensive tests were carried out on sample pipes – partly on a full‐size model – by the bidders to select the steel and welding materials. An analysis of the tests revealed interesting results and dependencies on material strength, welding process, filler material and other parameters.

An overview of the project, which is being implemented between 2012 and 2015, the design criteria for the steel‐lined shaft and the material specification are presented in this paper.
Increasing Business Value Through Environmental Management Transformation
Authors: Cora Mario G.
Published: October 2015

Transformation process opens organizations to new opportunities and competitive advantages
Diagnosis and management of testicular cancers
Authors: Rodriguez‐Vida Alejo , Chowdhury Simon
Published: October 2015

Although testicular cancer is relatively uncommon, it is important because it is the most common solid tumour in young men. Survival rates are high as metastatic disease can be cured with chemotherapy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons
Torrential downpours in southern England 15 September 2009
Authors: Young Martin
Published: October 2015

On 15 September 2009, localised and unexpectedly heavy rainfall developed across parts of southern England and caused disruption to transport and sporting events in parts of London. This event was characterised by the persistence of heavy rainfall in a long, stationary and very narrow band. This event occurred in a similar synoptic pattern to others which also resulted in anomalous and unexpectedly heavy rain in a narrow band. This article discusses the meteorological background to this event and proposes mechanisms that may have led to the distinctive rainfall structure utilising satellite and radar imagery as well as numerical model output. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Meteorology and the ancient Greeks
Authors: Bowker David
Published: October 2015

This paper seeks to explore the influence of meteorology on the ancient Greeks, as revealed in certain literary texts, such as Homer's Odyssey, Hesiod's Works and Days, and Aristotle's Meteorologica. The power of meteorology to capture the imagination of the poets is examined, followed by a consideration of the practical influence of the weather on farming, as shown in Hesiod's Works and Days. The final section looks at attempts to explain complex meteorological phenomena and considers the value of Aristotle's Meteorologica. The paper is necessarily a brief overview, intended for those without first‐hand knowledge of the classical background, but forms a basis for more detailed study of any of its key aspects. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Implementation and assessment of a yeast orphan gene research project: involving undergraduates in authentic research experiences and progressing our understanding of uncharacterized open reading frames
Authors: Bowling Bethany V. , Schultheis Patrick J. , Strome Erin D.
Published: October 2015

Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first eukaryotic organism to be sequenced; however, little progress has been made in recent years in furthering our understanding of all open reading frames (ORFs). From October 2012 to May 2015 the number of verified ORFs had only risen from 75.31% to 78%, while the number of uncharacterized ORFs had decreased from 12.8% to 11% (representing > 700 genes still left in this category; http://www.yeastgenome.org/genomesnapshot). Course‐based research has been shown to increase student learning while providing experience with real scientific investigation; however, implementation in large, multi‐section courses presents many challenges. This study sought to test the feasibility and effectiveness of incorporating authentic research into a core genetics course, with multiple instructors, to increase student learning and progress our understanding of uncharacterized ORFs. We generated a module‐based annotation toolkit and utilized easily accessible bioinformatics tools to predict gene function for uncharacterized ORFs within the Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD). Students were each assigned an uncharacterized ORF, which they annotated using contemporary comparative genomics methodologies, including multiple sequence alignment, conserved domain identification, signal peptide prediction and cellular localization algorithms. Student learning outcomes were measured by quizzes, project reports and presentations, as well as a post‐project questionnaire. Our results indicate that the authentic research experience had positive impacts on students' perception of their learning and their confidence to conduct future research. Furthermore, we believe that creation of an online repository and adoption and/or adaptation of this project across multiple researchers and institutions could speed the process of gene function prediction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survival and Local Recurrence After Video‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Lung Metastasectomy
Authors: Abdelnour‐Berchtold Etienne , Perentes Jean Yannis , Ris Hans‐Beat , Beigelman Catherine , Lovis Alban , Peters Solange , Krueger Thorsten , Gonzalez Michel
Published: October 2015

Background

Pulmonary metastasectomy is increasingly performed in selected patients by video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) on the base of thin‐slice high‐resolution CT‐Scan (HRCT). This study determines the overall survival and ipsilateral recurrence rate and of patients undergoing after VATS lung metastasectomy.

Patients and method

Retrospective single institution study of all patients who underwent VATS pulmonary metastasectomy on the base of HRCT with curative intent between 2005 and 2014.

Results

Seventy‐seven patients (41 males, 36 females) underwent VATS pulmonary metastasectomy for solitary (n = 63) or multiple (n = 14) lung metastases in the context of colorectal carcinoma (n = 26), sarcoma (n = 17), melanoma (n = 16), or other primaries (n = 18). Nine patients had bilateral lung metastases and underwent synchronous (n = 4) or sequential (n = 5) VATS resections. Preoperative CT‐guided hook wire localization of the lesions was performed in 65 patients (84 %). The postoperative mortality and morbidity rates were 0 and 5.2 %, respectively. During a mean follow‐up time of 24 months (range 1–120 months), tumor progression occurred in 46 patients. Twenty‐three patients (30 %) had pulmonary recurrence only, of them, eight patients (10 %) in the operated lungs. Seven of eight patients with recurrence in the operated lungs underwent a second metastasectomy by VATS (n = 5) or thoracotomy (n = 2). The overall 5‐year survival rate was 54 % and without difference between patients without tumor recurrence and those with pulmonary recurrence treated by re‐metastasectomy.

Conclusion

Ipsilateral recurrence remains low after VATS pulmonary metastasectomy guided by preoperative HRCT and can be efficiently treated by re‐metastasectomy.
Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis After Esophagectomy for Thoracic Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Sato Yu , Kosugi Shin‐ichi , Aizawa Naotaka , Ishikawa Takashi , Kano Yosuke , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Hanyu Takaaki , Hirashima Kotaro , Bamba Takeo , Wakai Toshifumi
Published: October 2015

Background

The objectives of this study were to assess the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP) using laryngoscopy after esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal carcinoma and to clarify the risk factors influencing postoperative RLNP.

Methods

A total of 299 patients who underwent laryngoscopic examination after esophagectomy were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who were found to have postoperative RLNP were followed up every 1–3 months, with a median follow‐up period of 3 months. Recovery from paralysis was also evaluated on the basis of each affected nerve. Multivariate analyses using logistic regression were used to identify independent risk factors for RLNP. Cumulative recovery rate was calculated using Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

A total of 178 (59.5 %) patients were diagnosed with RLNP by first laryngoscopy [bilateral in 59 (33.1 %) patients, right in 15 (8.4 %), and left in 104 (58.4 %)]. In 206 patients who underwent transthoracic and thoracoscopic esophagectomy, independent risk factors for RLNP were lymph node dissection along the right RLN (odds ratio [OR] 3.01, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.06–8.54, P = 0.04) and cervical anastomosis (OR 5.94, 95 % CI 1.78–19.80, P < 0.01). Cumulative recovery rate from RLNP was 61.7 % at 12 months after esophagectomy with 91 nerves eventually recovering from paralysis. Median recovery time was 6 months.

Conclusions

RLNP developed in 60 % of patients after esophagectomy and may be associated with lymphadenectomy around the right RLN and cervical esophageal mobilization. Although 62 % of affected nerves recovered within 12 months, great attention should be given when performing these procedures.
Long‐Term Voice Outcomes After Robotic Thyroidectomy
Authors: Song Chang Myeon , Yun Bo Ram , Ji Yong Bae , Sung Eui Suk , Kim Kyung Rae , Tae Kyung
Published: October 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long‐term voice function after robotic thyroidectomy in comparison with conventional transcervical thyroidectomy.

Methods

We prospectively evaluated the voice functions of 54 patients with thyroid nodules who underwent robotic thyroidectomy by a gasless unilateral axillary or axillo‐breast approach and of 70 patients who underwent conventional thyroidectomy. Subjective voice symptom score (VSS) was evaluated in questionnaires before thyroidectomy and then at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Objective acoustic parameters analyzed during the same period included fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, noise‐to‐harmonic ratio, highest frequency, frequency and intensity range, and maximal phonation time.

Results

At 3 months after surgery, VSS was better in the robotic group than in the conventional group. At 2 years after surgery, VSS had recovered to the pre‐operative level in the robotic group, whereas it remained significantly worse at 2 years in the conventional group. The phonatory frequency range and highest frequency were significantly wider and higher, respectively, in the robotic group than the conventional group at 6, 12, and 24 months post‐operatively. Within the robotic group, the frequency range and highest frequency recovered to pre‐operative levels by 6 months, whereas in the conventional group they remained below the pre‐operative levels at 2 years post‐operatively. There were no differences in other acoustic parameters between the two groups of patients at any period.

Conclusion

Up to 2 years post‐operatively, robotic thyroidectomy has advantages in terms of recovery of voice symptoms and acoustic parameters over conventional thyroidectomy.
Uncovering the environmental factors that influence diversity patterns of Mediterranean terrestrial Gastropod communities: a useful tool for conservation
Authors: Bros Vicenç , Torre Ignasi , Santos Xavier
Published: October 2015

Land snails are an important component of biodiversity but the information regarding the factors that influence their distribution is very incomplete or anecdotal in most geographic areas. In this article our aim was to uncover environmental factors that influence the distribution and diversity of a Gastropoda community in a Mediterranean Reserve (Collserola Natural Park, Barcelona). Fieldwork was conducted from 2001 to 2003, and we systematically sampled all 1 km2 UTM squares throughout the park by randomly selecting at least one 200 m2 plot within each square. We used a community‐based approach to analyse the relationships between 61 Gastropod species distributions and environmental predictors by means of Redundancy Analysis (RDA). Our results highlighted that the land snail community was affected by the environmental predictors (even for short gradients), but their influence was low according to the explained variance (30 %). Climate and habitat predictors were more important than the spatial variables in determining the community composition and diversity. 48 out of 61 (78.7 %) land snail species showed significant responses to the environmental gradients with an association of specialist species with particular habitat types. Collserola is a reserve surrounded by urbanised areas and affected by multiple anthropogenic threats mostly related to habitat transformation. The high degree of specialisation within the Gastropoda community suggests that the restoration of heterogeneous landscapes would be useful to conserve and restore terrestrial mollusc diversity in Collserola. This study can help stakeholders to make decisions related to landscape planning and habitat transformation.
Alzheimer's disease assessment scale‐cognitive 11‐item progression model in mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease trials of bapineuzumab
Authors: Samtani Mahesh N. , Xu Steven X. , Russu Alberto , Adedokun Omoniyi J. , Lu Ming , Ito Kaori , Corrigan Brian , Raje Sangeeta , Brashear H. Robert , Styren Scot , Hu Chuanpu
Published: October 2015

Introduction

The objective of this study was to estimate longitudinal changes in disease progression (measured by Alzheimer's disease assessment scale‐cognitive 11‐item [ADAS‐cog/11] scale) after bapineuzumab treatment and to identify covariates (demographics or baseline characteristics) contributing to the variability in disease progression rate and baseline disease status.

Methods

A population‐based disease progression model was developed using pooled placebo and bapineuzumab data from two phase‐3 studies in APOE ε4 noncarrier and carrier Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.

Results

A beta regression model with the Richard's function as the structural component best described ADAS‐cog/11 disease progression for mild‐to‐moderate AD population. This analysis confirmed no effect of bapineuzumab exposure on ADAS‐cog/11 progression rate, consistent with the lack of clinical efficacy observed in the statistical analysis of ADAS‐cog/11 data in both studies. Assessment of covariates affecting baseline severity revealed that men had a 6% lower baseline ADAS‐cog/11 score than women; patients who took two AD concomitant medications had a 19% higher (worse) baseline score; APOE ε4 noncarriers had a 5% lower baseline score; and patients who had AD for a longer duration had a higher baseline score. Furthermore, shorter AD duration, younger age, APOE ε4 carrier status, and use of two AD concomitant medications were associated with faster disease progression rates. Patients who had an ADAS‐cog/11 score progression rate that was not statistically significantly different from 0 typically took no AD concomitant medications.

Discussion

The beta regression model is a sensible modeling approach to characterize cognitive decline in AD patients. The influence of bapineuzumab exposure on disease progression measured by ADAS‐cog/11 was not significant.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00575055 and NCT00574132.
The Role of the Constitutional Tribunal in Myanmar’s Reform Process
Authors: MARTI Gabriela
Published: October 2015

Not long after the establishment of its Constitutional Tribunal in February 2011, Myanmar faced a constitutional crisis, when on 6 September 2012, all nine judges of the Tribunal resigned, after the Burmese parliament (Hluttaw) had initiated impeachment proceedings against the Tribunal members. The incident was seen by several commentators as a sign of the growing strength and independence of theHluttaw, while others argued that the impeachment of the Tribunal could threaten future stability. In February 2013, nine new members of the Constitutional Tribunal were appointed. However, several questions surrounding the role of the Constitutional Tribunal in Myanmar’s reform process remain. In particular, it is not entirely clear how the independence and authority of the Tribunal should be further strengthened. This paper examines the role of Myanmar’s Constitutional Tribunal, against the background of the country’s history and current political situation. By drawing on the experiences of the Indonesian Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi), the paper addresses the question of how the post-impeachment Tribunal may be able to fortify its position vis-à-vis the various political actors in the country.
Non-archimedean connected Julia sets with branching
Authors: BAJPAI DVIJ , BENEDETTO ROBERT L. , CHEN RUQIAN , KIM EDWARD , MARSCHALL OWEN , ONUL DARIUS , XIAO YANG
Published: October 2015

We construct the first examples of rational functions defined over a non-archimedean field with a certain dynamical property: the Julia set in the Berkovich projective line is connected but not contained in a line segment. We also show how to compute the measure-theoretic and topological entropy of such maps. In particular, we give an example for which the measure-theoretic entropy is strictly smaller than the topological entropy, thus answering a question of Favre and Rivera-Letelier.
Increasing Incidence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-ProducingEscherichia coliin Community Hospitals throughout the Southeastern United States
Authors: Thaden Joshua T. , Fowler Vance G. , Sexton Daniel J. , Anderson Deverick J.
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE

To describe the epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producingEscherichia coli(ESBL-EC) andKlebsiella pneumoniae(ESBL-KP) infections

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort

SETTING

Inpatient care at community hospitals

PATIENTS

All patients with ESBL-EC or ESBL-KP infections

METHODS

ESBL-EC and ESBL-KP infections from 26 community hospitals were prospectively entered into a centralized database from January 2009 to December 2014.

RESULTS

A total of 925 infections caused by ESBL-EC (10.5 infections per 100,000 patient days) and 463 infections caused by ESBL-KP (5.3 infections per 100,000 patient days) were identified during 8,791,243 patient days of surveillance. The incidence of ESBL-EC infections increased from 5.28 to 10.5 patients per 100,000 patient days during the study period (P=.006). The number of community hospitals with ESBL-EC infections increased from 17 (65%) in 2009 to 20 (77%) in 2014. The median ESBL-EC infection rates among individual hospitals with ≥1 ESBL-EC infection increased from 11.1 infections/100,000 patient days (range, 2.2–33.9 days) in 2009 to 22.1 infections per 100,000 patient days (range, 0.66–134 days) in 2014 (P=.05). The incidence of ESBL-KP infections remained constant over the study period (P=.14). Community-associated and healthcare-associated ESBL-EC infections trended upward (P=.006 andP=.02, respectively), while hospital-onset infections remained stable (P=.07). ESBL-EC infections were more common in females (54% vs 44%,P<.001) and Caucasians (50% vs 40%,P<.0001), and were more likely to be isolated from the urinary tract (61% vs 52%,P<.0001) than ESBL-KP infections.

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of ESBL-EC infection has increased in community hospitals throughout the southeastern United States, while the incidence of ESBL-KP infection has remained stable. Community- and healthcare-associated ESBL-EC infections are driving the upward trend.

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.2015;37(1):49–54
Epidemiological Characteristics of Twinning Rates in Taiwan
Authors: Chen C.-J. , Lin T.-M. , Chang C. , Cheng Y.-J.
Published: October 2015

Delivery records of public hospitals and birth certificates of household registration offices were examined to study the epidemiological characteristics of twinning rate from 1955 to 1984 in Taiwan. The MZ twinning rate was consistently higer than the DZ rate during the study period. The DZ rate declined steadily from 2.7 per 1000 in 1955 to 1.3 per 1000 in 1975, and then gradually increased to 3.6 per 1000 in 1984. The MZ rate peaked periodically in 1956, 1966 and 1976, and gradually increased from 3.3 per 1000 in 1978 to 5.9 per 1000 in 1986. Both MZ and DZ rates were higher in urban than in rural areas and they were also higher in northern Taiwan than elsewhere in the island. While both MZ and DZ rates increased with maternal age and parity, the maternal age difference and the parity difference were more striking in DZ than in MZ rates. The international comparison also showed a greater racial difference in maternal age-specific DZ than MZ twinning rates; and the older the maternal age, the greater the international discrepancy in DZ rates.
Mediterranean and Nordic diet scores and long-term changes in body weight and waist circumference: results from a large cohort study
Authors: Li Yingjun , Roswall Nina , Ström Peter , Sandin Sven , Adami Hans-Olov , Weiderpass Elisabete
Published: October 2015

Dietary patterns, which represent a broader picture of food and nutrient consumption, have gained increasing interest over the last decades. In a cohort design, we followed 27 544 women aged 29–49 years from baseline in 1991–1992. We collected data from an FFQ at baseline and body weight (BW) and waist circumference (WC) data both at baseline and at follow-up in 2003. We calculated the Mediterranean diet score (MDS, ranging from 0 to 9) and the Nordic diet score (NDS, ranging from 0 to 6). We used linear regression to examine the association between MDS and NDS (exposures) with subsequent BW change (ΔBW) and WC change (ΔWC) (outcomes) both continuously and categorically. Higher adherence to the MDS or NDS was not associated with ΔBW. The multivariable population average increment in BW was 0·03 kg (95 % CI −0·03, 0·09) per 1-point increase in MDS and 0·04 kg (95 % CI −0·02, 0·10) per 1-point increase in NDS. In addition, higher adherence to the MDS was not associated with ΔWC, with the multivariable population average increment per 1-point increase in MDS being 0·05 cm (95 % CI −0·03, 0·13). Higher adherence to the NDS was not significantly associated with gain in WC when adjusted for concurrent ΔBW. In conclusion, a higher adherence to the MDS or NDS was not associated with changes in average BW or WC in the present cohort followed for 12 years.
Dietary isoflavone intake is associated with a reduced risk of myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Liu Ping , Holman C. D’Arcy J. , Jin Jie , Zhang Min
Published: October 2015

Isoflavones have been suggested to have protective effects on certain cancers. However, the association of soya foods or dietary isoflavones with the risk of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has not been examined. Thus, the aim of this hospital-based case–control study undertaken in China in 2012–2013 was to investigate the association between dietary isoflavone intake and MDS risk. The analysis included 208 cases aged 19–85 years with MDS and 208 controls individually matched to the cases by sex, birth quinquennium and residential locality. Information on habitual food intakes, including nine items of soya foods, was sought from in-person interviews using a validated 107-item FFQ. Dietary intakes of daidzein, genistein, glycitein and total isoflavones were estimated using the 2008 US Department of Agriculture Isoflavone Database. OR were calculated from conditional logistic regression after adjustment for potential confounding by demographics, lifestyle and dietary factors. The mean daily intake of total isoflavones was 19·0 mg in cases and 23·0 mg in controls. Dietary intake of isoflavones was inversely associated with the risk of MDS. The adjusted OR in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile of intake were 0·43 (95 % CI 0·21, 0·85) for daidzein, 0·36 (95 % CI 0·18, 0·74) for genistein, 0·49 (95 % CI 0·25, 0·97) for glycitein and 0·40 (95 % CI 0·20, 0·81) for total isoflavones. The findings suggest that higher dietary intake of isoflavones is associated with a reduced risk of MDS in a Chinese population.