bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light in the Museum: Experiences and Challenges
Authors: Volgina Lyubov E.
Published: December 2019

The article is focused on the peculiarities of the lighting in the museum halls, restoration workshops, depositories, the operation of lighting equipment, and the organization of exhibition lighting in the halls of the State Tretyakov Gallery. Initial focus areas in the development of technical specifications for accent lighting equipment have been outlined. The information may be useful to the staff of museums, galleries, etc. engaged in the exhibition activities.
LEDs in Museums: New Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Shakhparunyants Anna G. , Rozovsky Eugene I. , Chernyak Anatoly Sh. , Fedorishchev Pavel A.
Published: December 2019

The national and international requirements for the lighting of museum pieces are presented based on the results of researches carried out in the second half of the 20th century and which should be actualized in connection with the introduction of LED lighting into the museums. In addition, the spectrum diversity of the LED sources needs to address the issue of changing the approach to the assessment of museum lighting, in particular, the transition to the new colour rendering indices (Fidelity Index and Gamut Index) according to the CIE, and the use of energy and/or photonic values in addition to light values.
Research of Optical Radiation Impact on Materials of Museum Exhibits and Requirements to Measurement Devices
Authors: Bayev Sergei S. , Kuzmin Vladimir N. , Tomsky Konstantin A.
Published: December 2019

LED lighting creates capability of the best representation of museum exhibits and creation of additional light perception effects. It also allows us to use the results of light and colour measurements for adjustment of quantity and quality of lighting. Photometric devices may become permanent assistants in decoration of exhibitions and museum premises. Even more important are photometers for monitoring of acceptable level of illuminance and UV irradiance. With correct evaluation of adverse impact of LED lighting, there is an opportunity to significantly increase the permitted level of exhibits lighting, which is a permanent requirement by designers. The recommendations for standardisation of lighting are based on results of special studies performed with consideration of material light-resistance groups and properties of light sources. Such studies were performed by STE TKA, LLC, and GOSNIIRESTAVRATSII by request of the Ministry of Culture. The article describes major results of this study, which mainly aimed at specification of safe acceptable level of UV irradiation of materials with application of energy-saving fluorescent lamps as well as major characteristics of produced photometers. Similar studies and elaboration of recommendation are required also for LED light sources.
Upgrade of Lighting in Hall 277 of the State Hermitage
Authors: Belyakova Margarita P.
Published: December 2019

This article outlines the experience associated with the reconstruction of lighting of Museum Hall No. 277 located in the historical interiors of the Winter Palace of the State Hermitage. This work is aimed to create a harmonious light environment in the Museum Hall, favourable for the general perception of the architecture and interior of the hall, and to provide conditions for the full perception of the exhibited items. Identified difficulties are:
- Non-classical dimensions of the Hall, which is part of the French enfilade;
- Polychrome painting and stucco on walls and ceiling;
- Venerable age (darkening of the paint layer) and uniqueness of the paintings, as well as large dimensions of the frames.
The general parameters of the lighting system consisting of two parts Ц the general lighting of the Hall and the lighting of exhibited items Ц are determined. The system shall provide a joint combined operation of two independently flux-controlled diffused (reflected from the ceiling) and directional (direct) light components. The system should be adjustable (to an extent) to possible exhibition changes. The system should not have a negative impact on the exhibited items and the interior. The system influencing technical parameters, such as types of light sources, their correlated colour temperatures, levels of general and special colour rendering indexes, the types of lighting devices and their location, approximate illumination levels in paintings and walls, the approximate ratio between illumination, and direct and scattered light in paintings, are selected.
The performed construction and installation works, as well as the adjustment, have shown that the updated lighting installation meets the set tasks and complies with the requirements of quality perception and safety of exhibited items and interior of the hall.
Organic Light Emitting Diodes - Innovative Light Sources
Authors: Stakharny Sergei A.
Published: December 2019

This article is a review of the new light source – organic LEDs having prospects of application in general and special lighting systems. The article describes physical principles of operation of organic LEDs, their advantages and principal differences from conventional non-organic LEDs and other light sources. Also the article devoted to contemporary achievements and prospects of development of this field in the spheres of both general and museum lighting as well as other spheres where properties of organic LEDs as high-quality light sources may be extremely useful.
Города северо-запада Якутии (XVII – XVIII вв.): управленческий аспект
Authors: Петров Пантелеймон
Published: December 2019

The problem of the emergence and improvement of the management system of jails and
wintering places is one of the main issues of the researches aimed at investigating regional history, especially taking into account the fact that administrative changes within the investigated places resulted in their transformation into cities.
A different take on English-Only classrooms: High school learners’ use of mother tongue and their attitudes towards the English-Only classrooms in Turkey
Authors: YAHŞİ Münevver
Published: December 2019

This
article presents the results of a study on intermediate high school learners’
mother language use and their attitudes towards the only-English use in foreign
language learning in Turkey. The participants of the study are 30 students who
attend to different state high schools in the North-western region of Turkey.
The study aims to investigate (a) learners’ amount of Turkish language use
among specific interlocutors, (b) learners’ amount of Turkish language use in
specific contexts, (c) learners’ attitudes towards only target language use,
and (d) learners’ attitudes towards only target language use in specific
contexts. The main data collection instrument is a questionnaire, while a
semi-structured interview is conducted to supplement the primary form of data.
According to the results of the questionnaire, the learners state that teachers
should speak only in English in almost all circumstances, as the learners hold
the belief that the maximum exposure to the foreign language is important.  However, they also state that the mother
tongue should be used during English language instruction when necessary. Such
a necessity for the use of mother tongue is felt by learners during grammar
explanations and instructions about the details of tests or assignments.
Moreover, the results of the semi-structured interviews show that the use of
mother tongue is associated with the identity issue from a critical perspective
as well as a facilitator of the L2 learning process. Further interpretations
about students’ needs to shift to Turkish are also offered.
COMPUTATION OF SHORTEST PATH PROBLEM IN A NETWORK WITH SV-TRIANGULAR NEUTROSOPHIC NUMBERS
Authors: BROUMİ Said , BAKALİ Assia , TALEA Mohamed , SMARANDACHE Florentin
Published: December 2019

In
this article, we present an algorithm
method for finding the shortest path length between a paired nodes on a network
where  the edge weights are characterized
by single valued triangular neutrosophic numbers. The proposed algorithm gives
the shortest path length from source node to destination node based on a
ranking method. Finally, a numerical example is also presented to illustrate
the efficiency of the proposed approach.
ISO27001 BİLGİ GÜVENLİĞİ YÖNETİM SİSTEMİ STANDARDININ KAMU KURUMLARINA UYGULANABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI: ANKARA İLİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÇAKIR Hüseyin , TUYGUN Mehmet
Published: December 2019

Bu
araştırmada, ISO27001 Bilgi Güvenliği Yönetim Sistemi (BGYS) sertifikasyon
sürecinin tamamlamış kamu kurumlarında kurum personelinin sistem hakkındaki
düşüncelerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu sebeple araştırma kapsamında,
“Yönetim Kadrosu”, “BGYS Ekip Üyeleri”, “Kurum Teknik Personeli” ve “Kurum
Personeli” gibi dört farklı odak grup üzerinde ilgili gruplar için hazırlanmış
farklı anketler uygulanmıştır. Hazırlanan anketlerde 5’li likert ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Likert tipi ölçek
sorularında güvenilirlik analizi uygulanmıştır. Yapılan ön çalışmanın
analizleri sonucunda anketin güvenilirlik katsayısının kabul edilebilir düzeyde
olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen verilerde odak gruplarının görüşlerinin
belirlenmesi amacıyla frekans ve yüzdelik dağılımları belirlenerek
yorumlanmıştır.
Elde edilen veriler ışığında, yönetim kadrosunun ISO27001 sertifikasyon
sürecini olumlu karşıladığı, kurumsal süreçlerin ve bilgi güvenliğinin
sağlanması açısından olumlu katkı sağladığı yönünde görüş birliği olduğu
görülmüştür. Diğer taraftan BGYS ekip üyelerinin, ISO27001 süreçlerinin etkin
bir şekilde yönetilebilmesi için gereken teknik yeterlilik, eğitim ve sayısal
çokluk noktasında takviye ihtiyaçları olduğu yönünde görüş bildirdikleri
görülmüştür. Teknik ekip üyelerinin ise ISO27001 süreçlerinin işlerini
kolaylaştırdığı ve etkin çalışma yürütülmesine katkı sağladığı yönünde olumlu
görüş bildirdikleri fakat teknik yeterlilikler ve sayısal yeterlilik konusunda
görüş birliği olmadığı görülmüştür. Kurum personelinin ise ISO27001 kapsamında
alınan farkındalık eğitimlerini faydalı olduğu ve BGYS süreçlerinin kurumsal
bilgi güvenliği açısından gerekli olduğu yönünde olumlu görüş bildirdikleri
görülmüştür.

Kurumsal
bir BGYS kurmak, kurulan sitemin sürekliliğini sağlamak, sürekli izlemek ve
aksayan yönlerini tespit ederek iyileştirmeler yapmak, bilgi güvenliği
farkındalığı oluşturmak, kısacası canlı bir BGYS kurmak ISO27001 belgesi sahibi
olmanın olmazsa olmaz şartlarındandır. Bu çalışmanın, kamu kurumlarının kurmuş
oldukları BGYS’lerin etkinlik seviyelerine, sahiplenme durumlarına ve teknik
yeterliliklerine ışık tutması açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.
AĞ TABANLI VERİ SIZINTISI TESPİTİ VE ÖNLENMESİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: PAŞAOĞLU Cengiz , GÜLER Habibe , JAFARİ Masoma
Published: December 2019

Bilgi
güvenliği sistemlerinin temel amacı yetkisiz kişilerce gerçekleştirilen veri
ihlallerine karşı önlem almaktır. Bu sebeple, kullanımda, hareket halinde veya
durağan durumda olan gizli/hassas verilerin sızıntılarının tespiti ve
önlenmesinde daha etkili çözümler sunabilen veri sızıntısı önleme sistemleri
(DLPS-Data Leakage Prevention System) geliştirilmiştir.  Bu çalışma kapsamında, özellikle ağ tabanlı veri
sızıntısı tespit (DLP-Data Leakage Prevention) sistemleri üzerinde durularak
veri sızıntısı tespitinde kullanılan bağlam tabanlı, içerik tabanlı ve içerik
etiketleme yöntemleri detaylı bir şekilde açıklanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra önleme
yöntemleri de incelenmiştir. Son olarak günümüz DLP sistemlerinin yaygın olarak
karşılaştığı zorluklardan bahsedilmiştir.
GOOGLE TRENDS KUDUZ TARAMA VERİLERİ İLE KUDUZ HASTALIĞI MİHRAK VE FREKANS VERİLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: ŞENTÜRK Berrin
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada “Kuduz” anahtar kelimesi kullanılarak, 01.01.2005-30.06.2019 tarihleri arasındaki Google Trends internet tarama verileri ile aynı dönem Uluslararası Salgın Hastalıklar Ofisi Kuduz mihrak verileri kullanılarak il düzeyinde mihrak sayıları, hastalığın yıllar itibariyle görülme sıklığı ve Google Trends verilerinde alt bölge olarak bildirilen iller arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada bölgelerin belirlenmesinde frekans dağılımı içinde en çok yer alan il sayıları dikkate alınmıştır. Oran analizi yöntemi ile yapılan değerlendirmelerde; mihrak sayısı, frekans dağılımı ve alt bölge için büyükten küçüğe doğru yapılan sıralama ile ilk 25, 15 ve 10 il değerlendirilmiştir. Google Trends verilerinde aramaların %52 oranında (13/25 İl), %66,6 (9/15 İl) ve %80 (8/10 İl) oranında hastalığın frekans dağılımında en çok sayıda yer alan illerin bulunduğu bölgelerde gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen çalışma bulguları Google Trends veri sıralamasının hastalık koruma ve kontrolünde kullanımının önemini ortaya koymuştur.
Special Issue on Exact and Heuristic Scheduling Algorithms
Authors: Werner Frank , Burtseva Larysa , Sotskov Yuri N.
Published: December 2019

This special issue of Algorithms is a follow-up issue of an earlier one, entitled ‘Algorithms for Scheduling Problems’. In particular, the new issue is devoted to the development of exact and heuristic scheduling algorithms. Submissions were welcome both for traditional scheduling problems as well as for new practical applications. In the Call for Papers, we mentioned topics such as single-criterion and multi-criteria scheduling problems with additional constraints including setup times (costs), precedence constraints, batching (lot sizing), resource constraints as well as scheduling problems arising in emerging applications.
Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Profiles of Different Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Cultivars at Different Developmental Stages
Authors: Deng Li-Na , Feng Gong-Neng , Gao Yue , Shen Yu-Xiang , Li Hong-Shan , Gu Yue , Luan Hai-Ye
Published: December 2019

Barley grass possesses high nutritional value and antioxidant properties. In this study, the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant enzyme activities in six cultivars of barley grass were explored at three developmental stages: tillering, jointing, and booting stages. Total chlorophyll (Chl t) and carotenoid (Car) content, chlorophyll a/b (Chl a/b) ratio, total nitrogen nutrition (TNN), and total soluble protein (TSP) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were assayed. The results indicated that the cultivar × development interaction was significant and that developmental stage was the main factor affecting the parameters studied. Cultivars had a negligible effect on these parameters, which varied with the developmental stages. In the tillering stage, Chl t and Car content, TNN, and POD activity achieved their highest value; in the jointing stage, SOD activity peaked; in the booting stage, Chl a/b ratio, TSP content, and PPO activity showed their highest values. TNN showed a negative correlation with TSP. Compared with those in the jointing, Chl t, Car, TSP, TNN content, Chl a/b ratio, and POD and PPO activities increased in the booting and the tillering stages, whereas SOD activity decreased. The differences in phytochemical constituents and antioxidant enzyme activities in barley grass were mainly correlated with the developmental stages. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the influence of developmental stages of barley grass on its phytochemical profile and antioxidant activities. Our results will help understand the mechanism of action of barley grass and provide theoretical support for the therapeutic application of barley grass.
Use of Fecal Indices as a Non-Invasive Tool for Nutritional Evaluation in Extensive-Grazing Sheep
Authors: Orellana Carla , Parraguez Víctor Hugo , Arana Wilmer , Escanilla Juan , Zavaleta Carmen , Castellaro Giorgio
Published: December 2019

The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability of fecal indices as predictors of nutrient intake in sheep under extensive grazing conditions. Fecal concentrations of 2,6-diaminopimelic acid (DAPAf), nitrogen (FN) and phosphorous (FP) were determined in four sheep kept in an extensive grazing system on annual Mediterranean grassland in the vegetative, reproductive and dry phenological stages. Metabolizable energy (MEI), crude protein (CPI) and phosphorus (PI) intake were calculated using the botanical composition, metabolizable energy, crude protein and phosphorus concentrations in each vegetal species making up the animal’s diet. Significant differences were observed in the nutrient intake for each phenological stage (p < 0.0001). The highest MEI, CPI and PI were observed during the vegetative stage (p < 0.0001). FN and FP were different in each phenological stage (p < 0.0001), with significant correlations observed between these variables (r = 0.916; p < 0.0001). Regressions among nutrient intake and fecal indices were significant, except in the cases of DAPAf and MEI, and DAPAf and CPI. Based on these results, fecal indices could be used to estimate nutrient intake in sheep under extensive grazing on annual Mediterranean grassland.
Endogenous Losses of Fat and Fatty Acids in Growing Pigs Are Not Affected by Vegetable Oil Sources but by the Method of Estimation
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Li , Lyu Zhiqian , Huang Bingbing , Hu Qile , Lai Changhua
Published: December 2019

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of oil sources with differing degrees of fatty acid saturation on endogenous losses of fat (ELF) and fatty acids (ELFA) in growing pigs, in which endogenous losses were estimated by two methods. Sixty-eight growing barrows (initial body weight 31.13 ± 4.44 kg) were randomly allotted to a completely randomized design with 17 diets. Sixteen added-oil diets were formulated by adding four levels (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) of palm oil (PO), soybean oil (SBO), flaxseed oil (FSO) and rapeseed oil (RSO) to a diet poor in fat, respectively. One fat-free diet was formulated from cornstarch, soy protein isolate and sucrose. All diets contained chromic dioxide (0.4%) as an indigestible marker. Results indicated that, according to the regression equations, the amounts of ELF in PO, SBO, FSO and RSO were 6.28, 5.30, 4.17 and 4.84 g/kg of dry matter intake (DMI), respectively. The true total tract digestibility of fat was greater (p < 0.05) for FSO and RSO than for PO, and the ELFA were different from 0 only for C16:0, C18:0 and C18:1 in FSO, and C16:0 and C18:0 in RSO (p < 0.05). The estimated values for ELF and ELFAs in pigs fed PO, SBO, FSO or RSO were not different. The amount of ELF determined by the fat-free diet method was 2.60 g/kg DMI, and the amounts of C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2 in ELFAs were 0.28, 0.26, 0.03 and 0.02 g/kg DMI, respectively. The fat-free diet method had lower ELF and ELFA values compared with the regression method (p < 0.01). Collectively, dietary vegetable oil sources do not affect estimation of ELF and ELFA, but different evaluation methods lead to varying estimates of endogenous losses in pigs.
Energy-Aware Scalable Reliable and Void-Hole Mitigation Routing for Sparsely Deployed Underwater Acoustic Networks
Authors: Khan Anwar , Aurangzeb Khursheed , Qazi Emad-ul-Haq , Ur Rahman Atiq
Published: December 2019

In wireless underwater sensor networks (WUSNs), network protocols for information routing are usually designed when a significant number of nodes are present in the network. Therefore, for sparse conditions, when a noticeable reduction in the number of nodes occurs, the performance of such protocols exhibits a degraded behavior pattern. To cope with routing issues when sparse conditions prevail, two routing algorithms for WUSNs are proposed in this paper. They are energy-aware scalable reliable and void-hole mitigation routing (ESRVR) and cooperative energy-aware scalable reliable and void-hole mitigation routing (Co-ESRVR). The ESRVR uses a number of strategies. Firstly, it uses two hop neighbors’ information to develop routing trajectories for information advancement, as one hop information cannot avoid a void-hole, a condition when a node is not able to find neighbors towards the sea surface, and more than two hop information is difficult to obtain when sparse conditions prevail. Secondly, when a void-hole still exists, the protocol uses a backward transmission mechanism to find other routing paths to deliver packets to the end target. Thirdly, the time by which a packet is held by a node prior to transmission is short for the nodes with low energy, depth and high count of neighbors. This reduces packets loss and avoids congestion of the channel. It also helps the nodes with no or few neighbors to hold the packet for a significant chunk of time until they find suitable neighbors, due to sea tides and currents, for further packets’ advancement. The Co-ESRVR further adds reliability to information advancement by adding routing in a cooperative fashion to ESRVR, which involves packets advancement to destination along two paths: directly from source and via a relayed path. This provides multiple paths for data advancement to the sea surface, so that if one path is badly affected by the harsh sea characteristics, others may not be. Unlike the counterpart protocol, the proposed algorithms are not dependent on a node’s geographical location or the distance from the sea surface, which increases their scalability and reduces the computational complexity. Performance analysis displays superior behavior patterns of the proposed algorithms over the counterpart in terms of the compared characteristics.
Two-Stage Stochastic Programming Scheduling Model for Hybrid AC/DC Distribution Network Considering Converters and Energy Storage System
Authors: Kang Peng , Guo Wei , Huang Weigang , Qiu Zejing , Yu Meng , Zheng Feng , Zhang Yachao
Published: December 2019

The development of DC distribution network technology has provided a more efficient way for renewable energy accommodation and flexible power supply. A two-stage stochastic scheduling model for the hybrid AC/DC distribution network is proposed to study the active-reactive power coordinated optimal dispatch. In this framework, the wind power scenario set is utilized to deal with its uncertainty in real time, which is integrated into the decision-making process at the first stage. The charging/discharging power of ESSs and the transferred active/reactive power by VSCs can be adjusted when wind power uncertainty is observed at the second stage. Moreover, the proposed model is transformed into a mixed integer second-order cone programming optimization problem by linearization and second-order cone relaxation techniques to solve. Finally, case studies are implemented on the modified IEEE 33-node AC/DC distribution system and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed stochastic scheduling model and solving method.
Detection of Sensitive Data to Counter Global Terrorism
Authors: Adhikari Binod Kumar , Zuo Wanli , Maharjan Ramesh , Han Xuming , Liang Shining
Published: December 2019

Global terrorism has created challenges to the criminal justice system due to its abnormal activities, which lead to financial loss, cyberwar, and cyber-crime. Therefore, it is a global challenge to monitor terrorist group activities by mining criminal information accurately from big data for the estimation of potential risk at national and international levels. Many conventional methods of computation have successfully been implemented, but there is little or no literature to be found that solves these issues through the use of big data analytical tools and techniques. To fill this literature gap, this research is aimed at the determination of accurate criminal data from the huge mass of varieties of data using Hadoop clusters to support Social Justice Organizations in combating terrorist activities on a global scale. To achieve this goal, several algorithmic approaches, including parallelization, annotators and annotations, lemmatization, stop word Remover, term frequency and inverse document frequency, and singular value decomposition, were successfully implemented. The success of this work is empirically compared using the same hardware, software, and system configuration. Moreover, the efficacy of the experiment was tested with criminal data with respect to concepts and matching scores. Eventually, the experimental results showed that the proposed approach was able to expose criminal data with 100% accuracy, while matching of multiple criminal terms with documents had 80% accuracy; the performance of this method was also proved in multiple node clusters. Finally, the reported research creates new ways of thinking for security agencies in combating terrorism at global scale.
An Event-Based Supply Chain Partnership Integration Using a Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Ant Colony Optimization Approach
Authors: Lu Zhigang , Wang Hui
Published: December 2019

Integrating a partnership with potentially stronger suppliers is widely acknowledged as a contributor to the organizational competitiveness of a supply chain. This paper proposes an event-based model which lists the events related with all phases of cooperation with partners and puts events into a dynamic supply chain network in order to understand factors that affect supply chain partnership integration. We develop a multi-objective supply chain partnership integration problem by maximizing trustworthiness, supplier service, qualified products rate and minimizing cost, and then, apply a hybrid algorithm (PSACO) with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ant colony optimization (ACO) that aims to efficiently solve the problem. It combines the advantages of PSO with reliable global searching capability and ACO with great evolutionary ability and positive feedback. By using the actual data from 1688.com, experimental studies are carried out. The parameter optimizing of the hybrid algorithm is firstly deployed and then we compare the problem solution results of PSACO with the original PSO, ACO. By studying the partnership integration results and implementing analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis, it shows that the event based model with PSACO approach has validity and superiority over PSO and ACO, and can be served as a tool of decision making for supply chain coordination management in business.
Effects of Drought-Flood Abrupt Alternation on the Growth of Summer Maize
Authors: Bi Wuxia , Wang Mengke , Weng Baisha , Yan Denghua , Yang Yuheng , Wang Jinjie
Published: December 2019

Climate change, especially precipitation change, will significantly change soil moisture, which then influences root growth, further affecting yield and grain quality. Previous studies focused on the drought or flood effects on summer maize growth. However, few studied the effects of drought-flood abrupt alternation (DFAA) on the growth of summer maize. We explored the DFAA impacts on the roots, leaf area index (LAI), yield, and grain quality in field. The main results show that DFAA had different impacts on the summer maize growth in the seeding-jointing stage (SJS) and tasseling-grain filling stage (TGS). In general, the DFAA reduced the yield. Roots at the depth of 40 cm had obviously positive impacts on the yield. The DFAA reduced the LAI and promoted the maximum LAI achieving in advance. The grain crude protein augmented under DFAA. The drought had evidently negative impacts on the grain crude fat in the TGS, while it had no obvious influence in the SJS. DFAA had no apparent impact on the grain crude starch. These results could provide some references for the effects and adaptation-strategies study of extreme climate events and their impacts on growth of summer maize.
Contribution of Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts to Wine Freshness. A Review
Authors: Morata Antonio , Escott Carlos , Bañuelos María , Loira Iris , del Fresno Juan , González Carmen , Suárez-Lepe José
Published: December 2019

Freshness, although it is a concept difficult to define in wines, can be understood as a combination of different circumstances. Organolepticwise, bluish red, floral and fruity, more acidic and full-bodied wines, are perceived as younger and fresher by consumers. In traditional winemaking processes, these attributes are hard to boost if no other technology or biotechnology is involved. In this regard, the right selection of yeast strains plays an important role in meeting these parameters and obtaining wines with fresher profiles. Another approach in getting fresh wines is through the use of novel non-thermal technologies during winemaking. Herein, the contributions of non-Saccharomyces yeasts and emerging technologies to these parameters are reviewed and discussed.
Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Coronary Artery Disease by Integrated Microarray Analysis
Authors: Balashanmugam Meenashi Vanathi , Shivanandappa Thippeswamy Boreddy , Nagarethinam Sivagurunathan , Vastrad Basavaraj , Vastrad Chanabasayya
Published: December 2019

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of end-stage cardiac disease. Although profound efforts have been made to illuminate the pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms of CAD remain to be analyzed. To identify the candidate genes in the advancement of CAD, microarray dataset GSE23766 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and pathway and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were performed. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed and the module analysis was performed using the Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets (BioGRID) and Cytoscape. Additionally, target genes-miRNA regulatory network and target genes-TF regulatory network were constructed and analyzed. There were 894 DEGs between male human CAD samples and female human CAD samples, including 456 up regulated genes and 438 down regulated genes. Pathway enrichment analyses revealed that DEGs (up and down regulated) were mostly enriched in the superpathway of steroid hormone biosynthesis, ABC transporters, oxidative ethanol degradation III and Complement and coagulation cascades. Similarly, geneontology enrichment analyses revealed that DEGs (up and down regulated) were mostly enriched in the forebrain neuron differentiation, filopodium membrane, platelet degranulation and blood microparticle. In the PPI network and modules (up and down regulated), MYC, NPM1, TRPC7, UBC, FN1, HEMK1, IFT74 and VHL were hub genes. In the target genes-miRNA regulatory network and target genes—TF regulatory network (up and down regulated), TAOK1, KHSRP, HSD17B11 and PAH were target genes. In conclusion, the pathway and GO ontology enriched by DEGs may reveal the molecular mechanism of CAD. Its hub and target genes, MYC, NPM1, TRPC7, UBC, FN1, HEMK1, IFT74, VHL, TAOK1, KHSRP, HSD17B11 and PAH were expected to be new targets for CAD. Our finding provided clues for exploring molecular mechanism and developing new prognostics, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CAD.
Specific Features of Ethnic Identity in the Regions with Varying Degrees of Ethnic Diversity
Authors: Zotova Olga , Tarasova Lyudmila , Solodukhina Olga , Belousova Natal’ya
Published: December 2019

Ethnic diversity describes the plurality of ethnicities within a group of people coexisting in one territory. The permanent presence of other cultures’ representatives can trigger a sense of jeopardy; a feeling that the prevailing way of life, its norms, and its values are challenged by strangers, which results in hostility to ethnic minorities living in the same territory. In this context, the study aimed at investigating specific features of the individual’s ethnic identity determined by the degree of the ethnic diversity of their living environment is of relevance. In order to define regions for the study, the comparative analysis of the ethnic diversity of Russian regions was conducted. Two regions for the study were defined: the Sverdlovsk region as a territory with average ethnic diversity and the Republic of Bashkortostan as a highly diverse region in terms of ethnicity. The respondents from less ethno-diverse areas exhibit global self-identification, the awareness of being a part of the world, and territorial identity. Differences in the degree of sustainability and the intensity of ethnic self-identification of the subjects from regions with varying degrees of ethnic diversity were revealed. Significant distinctions in the meaning of ethnicity for the compared groups of the respondents were found.
Strengthening Marriages in Egypt: Impact of Divorce on Women
Authors: Mendoza Jaime E. , Tolba Maram , Saleh Yasmine
Published: December 2019

Divorce rates have been increasing around the world, and the Middle East is not immune to this reality. This pilot study investigates the phenomenological experiences of divorce for 20 Egyptian females. The study is qualitative, using in-depth interviews asking 14 questions that address different aspects of struggling marriages and post-divorce life. Five main themes were derived using a conventional approach to content analysis. The themes are: Expectations before marriage, secret life, relational dynamics, mental health, and resilience. Several sub-themes were identified in each category. The themes and subthemes are discussed. What was surprising was that many women experienced a greater sense of resilience and level of empowerment as a result of their post-divorce process. Recommendations for future research are discussed, including a replication of the study with a more stratified sample group and inclusion of men prior to developing any interventions.
Oncogenic K-ras Induces Mitochondrial OPA3 Expression to Promote Energy Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Meng Ning , Glorieux Christophe , Zhang Yanyu , Liang Liyun , Zeng Peiting , Lu Wenhua , Huang Peng
Published: December 2019

K-ras (Kirsten ras GTPase) mutations are oncogenic events frequently observed in many cancer types especially in pancreatic cancer. Although mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with K-ras mutation, the molecular mechanisms by which K-ras impacts mitochondria and maintains metabolic homeostasis are not fully understood. In this study, we used two K-ras inducible cell systems, human pancreatic epithelial/ K-rasG12D (HPNE/K-rasG12D) and human embryonic kidney cells with tetracycline repressorT-Rex/K-rasG12V, to evaluate the role of oncogenic K-ras in regulating mitochondrial function. Among a panel of genes known to affect mitochondria, only the expression of OPA3 (optic atrophy protein 3) was consistently up-regulated by K-ras activation in both cell lines. Importantly, high expression of OPA3 was also observed in clinical pancreatic cancer tissues. Genetic knockdown of OPA3 caused a significant decrease of energy metabolism, manifested by a suppression of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and a decrease in cellular ATP content, leading to inhibition of cell proliferation capacity and reduced expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Our study suggests that OPA3 may promote cellular energy metabolism and its up-regulation in K-ras-driven cancer is likely a mechanism to offset the negative impact of K-ras on mitochondria to maintain energy homeostasis. As such, OPA3 could be a potential target to kill cancer cells with K-ras mutations.
Is There an Interplay between Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Thromboprophylactic Treatments and Thromboembolic Events? Mechanisms and Impact in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Nichetti Federico , Ligorio Francesca , Zattarin Emma , Signorelli Diego , Prelaj Arsela , Proto Claudia , Galli Giulia , Marra Antonio , Apollonio Giulia , Porcu Luca , de Braud Filippo , Lo Russo Giuseppe , Ferrara Roberto , Garassino Marina Chiara
Published: December 2019

PD-1 pathway blockade has been shown to promote proatherogenic T-cell responses and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. Moreover, preclinical evidence suggests a potential synergy of antiplatelet drugs with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We conducted an analysis within a prospective observational protocol (APOLLO study) to investigate the rates, predictors, and prognostic significance of thromboembolic events (TE) and thromboprophylaxis in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs. Among 217 patients treated between April 2014 and September 2018, 13.8% developed TE events. Current smoking status (HR 3.61 (95% CI 1.52–8.60), p = 0.004) and high (>50%) PD-L1 (HR 2.55 (95% CI 1.05–6.19), p = 0.038) resulted in being independent TE predictors. An increased risk of death following a diagnosis of TE (HR 2.93; 95% CI 1.59–5.42; p = 0.0006) was observed. Patients receiving antiplatelet treatment experienced longer progression-free survival (PFS) (6.4 vs. 3.4 months, HR 0.67 (95% CI 0.48–0.92), p = 0.015) and a trend toward better OS (11.2 vs. 9.6 months, HR 0.78 (95% CI 0.55–1.09), p = 0.14), which were not confirmed in a multivariate model. No impact of anticoagulant treatment on patients’ outcomes was observed. NSCLC patients treated with ICIs bear a consistent risk for thrombotic complications, with a detrimental effect on survival. The impact of antiplatelet drugs on ICIs efficacy deserves further investigation in prospective trials.
Immune Escape after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT): From Mechanisms to Novel Therapies
Authors: Bernasconi Paolo , Borsani Oscar
Published: December 2019

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. Recent advances in understanding its molecular basis have opened the way to new therapeutic strategies, including targeted therapies. However, despite an improvement in prognosis it has been documented in recent years (especially in younger patients) that allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remains the only curative treatment in AML and the first therapeutic option for high-risk patients. After allo-HSCT, relapse is still a major complication, and is observed in about 50% of patients. Current evidence suggests that relapse is not due to clonal evolution, but instead to the ability of the AML cell population to escape immune control by a variety of mechanisms including the altered expression of HLA-molecules, production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, relevant metabolic changes and expression of immune checkpoint (ICP) inhibitors capable of “switching-off” the immune response against leukemic cells. Here, we review the main mechanisms of immune escape and identify potential strategies to overcome these mechanisms.
Acyl Sonogashira Cross-Coupling: State of the Art and Application to the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Albano Gianluigi , Aronica Laura
Published: December 2019

The acyl Sonogashira reaction represents an extension of Sonogashira cross-coupling to acid chlorides which replace aryl or vinyl halides, while terminal acetylenes are used as coupling partners in both reactions. The introduction of a carbonyl functional group on the alkyne backbone determines a radical change in the reactivity of the products. Indeed, α,β-alkynyl ketones can be easily converted into different heterocyclic compounds depending on the experimental conditions employed. Due to its potential, the acyl Sonogashira reaction has been deeply studied with particular attention to the nature of the catalysts and to the structures of both coupling compounds. Considering these two aspects, in this review, a detailed analysis of the literature data regarding the acyl Sonogashira reaction and its role in the synthesis of several heterocyclic derivatives is reported.
Effect of Fe and Mn Substitution in LaNiO3 on Exsolution, Activity, and Stability for Methane Dry Reforming
Authors: Komarala Eswaravara Prasadarao , Komissarov Ilia , Rosen Brian A.
Published: December 2019

Perovskites LaNi0.8Fe0.2O3 and LaNi0.8Mn0.2O3 were synthesized using the co-precipitation method by substituting 20 mol.% of the Ni-site with Fe and Mn, respectively. Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) showed that the exsolution process in the Fe- and Mn-substituted perovskites followed a two-step and three-step reduction pathway, respectively. Once exsolved, the catalysts were found to be able to regenerate the original perovskite when exposed to an oxygen environment but with different crystallographic properties. The catalytic activity for both materials after exsolution was measured for the methane dry reforming (DRM) reaction at 650 °C and 800 °C. Catalyst resistance against nickel agglomeration, unwanted phase changes, and carbon accumulation during DRM were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The presence Fe alloying in the catalyst particles after exsolution from LaNi0.8Fe0.2O3 led to a lower methane conversion compared to the catalyst derived from LaNi0.8Mn0.2O3 where no alloying occurred.
A Four Coordinated Iron(II)-Digermyl Complex as an Effective Precursor for the Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshinao , Sunada Yusuke
Published: December 2019

A coordinatively unsaturated iron(II)-digermyl complex, Fe[Ge(SiMe3)3]2(THF)2 (1), was synthesized in one step by the reaction of FeBr2 with 2 equiv of KGe(SiMe3)3. Complex 1 shows catalytic activity comparable to that of its silicon analogue in reduction reactions. In addition, 1 acts as an effective precursor for the catalytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane. Catalytically active species can also be generated in situ by simple mixing of the easy-to-handle precursors FeBr2, Ge(SiMe3)4, KOtBu, and phenanthroline.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Phosphate Damages Tight Junctions and the F-Actin Architecture by Activating Calpain-1 via the P2RX7/Ca2+ Signaling Pathway
Authors: Jin Sun Woo , Lee Gi Ho , Pham Hoa Thi , Choi Jae Ho , Jeong Hye Gwang
Published: December 2019

Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p), a member of the polymeric guanidine family, has strong antimicrobial activity and may increase the risk of inflammation-associated pulmonary fibrosis. However, the effect of PHMG-p on the barrier function of the bronchial epithelium is unknown. Epithelial barrier functioning is maintained by tight junctions (TJs); damage to these TJs is the major cause of epithelial barrier breakdown during lung inflammation. The present study showed that, in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells, exposure to PHMG-p reduced the number of TJs and the E-cadherin level and impaired the integrity of the F-actin architecture. Furthermore, exposure to PHMG-p stimulated the calcium-dependent protease calpain-1, which breaks down TJs. However, treatment with the calpain-1 inhibitor, ALLN, reversed the PHMG-p-mediated impairment of TJs and the F-actin architecture. Furthermore, exposure to PHMG-p increased the intracellular Ca2+ level via P2X purinoreceptor 7 (P2RX7) and inhibition of P2RX7 abolished the PHMG-p-induced calpain-1 activity and protein degradation and increased the intracellular Ca2+ level. Although exposure to PHMG-p increased the extracellular ATP level, hydrolysis of extracellular ATP by apyrase did not influence its detrimental effect on bronchial epithelial cells. These results implicate the impairment of TJs and the F-actin architecture in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases.
CD38, CD157, and RAGE as Molecular Determinants for Social Behavior
Authors: Higashida Haruhiro , Hashii Minako , Tanaka Yukie , Matsukawa Shigeru , Higuchi Yoshihiro , Gabata Ryosuke , Tsubomoto Makoto , Seishima Noriko , Teramachi Mitsuyo , Kamijima Taiki , Hattori Tsuyoshi , Hori Osamu , Tsuji Chiharu , Cherepanov Stanislav M. , Shabalova Anna A. , Gerasimenko Maria , Minami Kana , Yokoyama Shigeru , Munesue Sei-ichi , Harashima Ai , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Salmina Alla B. , Lopatina Olga
Published: December 2019

Recent studies provide evidence to support that cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) and CD157 meaningfully act in the brain as neuroregulators. They primarily affect social behaviors. Social behaviors are impaired in Cd38 and Cd157 knockout mice. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the CD38 and CD157/BST1 genes are associated with multiple neurological and psychiatric conditions, including autism spectrum disorder, Parkinson’s disease, and schizophrenia. In addition, both antigens are related to infectious and immunoregulational processes. The most important clues to demonstrate how these molecules play a role in the brain are oxytocin (OT) and the OT system. OT is axo-dendritically secreted into the brain from OT-containing neurons and causes activation of OT receptors mainly on hypothalamic neurons. Here, we overview the CD38/CD157-dependent OT release mechanism as the initiation step for social behavior. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a newly identified molecule as an OT binding protein and serves as a transporter of OT to the brain, crossing over the blood–brain barrier, resulting in the regulation of brain OT levels. We point out new roles of CD38 and CD157 during neuronal development and aging in relation to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ levels in embryonic and adult nervous systems. Finally, we discuss how CD38, CD157, and RAGE are crucial for social recognition and behavior in daily life.
Nicotine Induces Polyspermy in Sea Urchin Eggs through a Non-Cholinergic Pathway Modulating Actin Dynamics
Authors: Limatola Nunzia , Vasilev Filip , Santella Luigia , Chun Jong Tai
Published: December 2019

While alkaloids often exert unique pharmacological effects on animal cells, exposure of sea urchin eggs to nicotine causes polyspermy at fertilization in a dose-dependent manner. Here, we studied molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon. Although nicotine is an agonist of ionotropic acetylcholine receptors, we found that nicotine-induced polyspermy was neither mimicked by acetylcholine and carbachol nor inhibited by specific antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Unlike acetylcholine and carbachol, nicotine uniquely induced drastic rearrangement of egg cortical microfilaments in a dose-dependent way. Such cytoskeletal changes appeared to render the eggs more receptive to sperm, as judged by the significant alleviation of polyspermy by latrunculin-A and mycalolide-B. In addition, our fluorimetric assay provided the first evidence that nicotine directly accelerates polymerization kinetics of G-actin and attenuates depolymerization of preassembled F-actin. Furthermore, nicotine inhibited cofilin-induced disassembly of F-actin. Unexpectedly, our results suggest that effects of nicotine can also be mediated in some non-cholinergic pathways.
The FtsZ Homolog, FszB, Inhibits Mitochondrial Dynamics in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Vogel Ericka , Pittman Pristine Bay , Naylor Kari
Published: December 2019

Dictyostelium discoideum is a well-established mitochondrial model system for both disease and dynamics, yet we still do not understand the actual mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics in this system. The FtsZ proteins are known to mediate membrane remodeling events such as cytokinesis in bacteria and fission of chloroplasts; D. discoideum has two FtsZ proteins, FszA and FszB. To determine the role of these proteins in mitochondrial dynamics we overexpressed FszB-GFP and determined its effect on fission, fusion, and motility in the presence of intact and disrupted cytoskeletal filaments. Here we show that overexpression of FszB-GFP decreases mitochondrial dynamics and suggest that actin may play a positive role driving fission in the context of excessive inhibition by overexpressed FszB-GFP.