bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mean Adsorption Time of Oil Molecules Measured by Non-Stationary Flow Method
Authors: Tominaga Goroh
Published: November 2005

The mean adsorption time, τ, of DOP (usually used as high vacuum pumping fluid) on borosilicate glass, is obtained from the measurement of the time lag in setting up the stationary flow of the vapor through a glass tube evacuated to ultrahigh vacuum. In the experiment, the time variation of flow rate of oil vapor is measured by an ionization gauge cooled by liquid nitrogen. The glass tube was maintained at a temperature between 65°C and 90°C. Although τ for adsorption of an approximately monomolecular layer cannot be expressed by a simple expression, τ for further adsorption follows the relation τ=τ0exp
(E/R
T), where E=22.4 kcal/mole and τ0=1.1×10-16 sec. Some discussions are made on the first molecular layer adsorption.
Studies of Surface States on Single Crystals of CdS by Field Effects
Authors: Sawamoto Ken'ichi
Published: November 2005

The surface states on CbS single crystals were studied by the transverse field effect. The D. C. field effect revealed that the surface state density increases by light irradiation or by holding crystals in a vacuum. From the pulsed field effect six discrete surface states were found. Their energy levels and capture cross sections were also estimated. The order of the magnitude of the cross section suggests that these levels consist of one attractive and one neutral and four repellent centers.
Quenching Effects of Several Compounds in Naphthalene Scintillators
Authors: Kobayashi Shigeo , Hayakawa Sohachiro
Published: November 2005

Fluorescence quenching of solution scintillators with molten naphthalene as a solvent is studied with excitation by gamma-rays and uv light. The material used as fluorescent solutes are anthracene, PPO, BBO, POPOP, QP, DPH and DPS. The qnenchers used are carbon tetrachloride, phenyl halides, and organic compounds of lead and boron. The experimental results are analyzed according to the Stern-Volmer equation. The rates of quenching by carbon tetrachloride and iodobenzene are comparable to those of energy transfer as given on usual liquid scintillators. The effects of phenyl halides except iodobenzene are quite slight. The rates of quenching are higher by 20-60% under excitation by gamma-rays than by 254 mµ light. Other results obtained for both modes of excitation show that addition of a lead compound tends to increase the sensitivity of the scintillators to gamma-rays.
The Effects of Ambient on Performance of CdS Thin Film Transistor
Authors: Thompson Charles
Published: November 2005

In this paper we discuss the operating mechanisms of the thin film CdS transistor at several pertinent temperatures and ambients. The effects of ambients then are correlated to device parameters and further implications of results are discussed.
Absorption Type 1H-{14N} Double Resonance Spectrometer
Authors: Kamei Hirotake
Published: November 2005

An absorption (single-coil) type high resolution proton magnetic resonance spectrometer (JNM-3, 40 Mc/s) has been reconstructed into a double resonance spectrometer. The second r-f field at about the 14N resonance frequency is supplied with a variable frequency oscillator using a Clapp circuit. A double resonance probe houses two r-f coils and a glass Dewar tube (20 mm o.d.). The coil for 14N resonance is of Helmholtz type and is wound on the Dewar tube coaxially with the proton resonance coil. Nitrogen gas of the constant temperature is streamed around the sample tube, to avoid the temperature rise in the sample due to the large second r-f field supplied during the operation. The completely decoupled proton spectrum of formamide has been observed, in which the fine structure expected for the 40 Mc/s spectrum has been clearly resolved.
Ion-Density Profile of the Flow in an Electric Shock Tube
Authors: Matsuzaki Ri'ichi
Published: November 2005

The ion-density profile of the flow in an electric shock tube is measured by using probe method and the results are discussed under the assumption that the ion flow is one-dimensional, isentropic and electrohydrodynamic. The measured profile is considered to consist of two parts: one is a uniform region, and the other is a trailing region. In the trailing region there exists slightly excess ion of the order of the square root of the ion density in the uniform region. The effect of recombination on the peak value of the probe signal is briefly discussed.
Relaxation in the Deterioration-Induced Second Peak in Gallium Arsenide Esaki Diodes
Authors: Shibata Akikazu
Published: November 2005

The decrease of the deterioration-induced second peak height was observed under the presence of a large forward current, not a diffusion current but an excess current, with sweep at audio frequencies at low temperatures. Two independent relaxation processes were found. One of them was a thermal process and had a relaxation frequency with an activation energy of 0.4 eV and an attempt frequency of 1013 cps. The second process which was observable only at temperatures below 170°K was not a thermally activated one and had an almost constant relaxation frequency of about 50 cps. The former process was accompanied by hysteresis while the latter was not. The analysis of the processes by the proposed energy model in this study was only partly successful in interpreting the experimental observations.
Esaki-Diodes with Bending-Introduced Dislocations
Authors: Niizuma Hideo , Imai Tetsuji
Published: November 2005

Characteristics of Esaki-diodes made on plastically bent germanium crystals have been compared with those made on as-grown crystals.
Etch pits density on (111) surface of the bent crystals gives the dislocation density of the order of 107/cm2. Two sets of alloyed Esaki-diodes made on (111) faces of bent crystals and as-grown crystals indicate no significant difference between them so far as current ratio I
p/I
v and peak tunneling current density are concerned.
Electrical Properties of Ag-Doped Barium Titanate Ceramics
Authors: Ikushima Hiroshi , Hayakawa Shigeru
Published: November 2005

Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity, thermoelectric motive force and Hall effect, electron spin resonance, X-ray analyses, voltage-current characteristics and voltage dependence of capacitance of the Ag-doped BaTiO3 ceramics were studied. The semiconducting specimens were obtained by firing the ceramic in nitrogen atmosphere. Charge carriers in the specimens are electrons in view of the sign of Hall electric and thermoelectric motive force. The electron spin resonance spectra of oxygen vacancy with electron capture were observed at solid nitrogen temperature. The g-values of the spectra were 1.946±0.001, 1.932±0.0005 and 1.922±0.003. It is suggested that the anomalous temperature dependence of resistivity is due to the decrease of carrier mobility. A tentative model is proposed also for rectification and capacitance action.
Reverse Biased Electroluminescence in Alloyed ZnTe Diodes
Authors: Watanabe Naozo
Published: November 2005

Reverse biased electroluminescence is observed in In-alloyed ZnTe (P-doped, ∼1018/cm3) diode at liq. N2 temperature. There are two characteristic emission bands in the luminescence spectrum. One is a green band, about 60 Å in width, centred at 5400 Å. The other is a red band and extends from about 5800 Å to 7000 Å. The former is attributed to P-centre emission, while the latter to In-centre emission. The weight of the two emission bands change with the alloying temperature, higher temperature favouring the latter. The emission mechanism is explained as a breakdown in the metal-semi=insulator-semiconductor (p-type) structure.
Structure des Nitrures de Niobium
Authors: Terao Nobuzo
Published: November 2005

The crystal structure studies of niobium nitrides by electron and X-ray diffraction technique led to the identification of four phases: NbN (cubic, δ-phase), Nb2N (hexagonal, β-phase), NbN (hexagonal, ε-phase) and Nb4N3 (tetragonal, γ-phase). Various methods were used to prepare thin films of Nb nitrides for electron diffraction studies. Firstly, three kinds of oxynitrides, Nb(N,O)I, Nb(N,O)II and Nb(N,O)III were obtained by nitriding the evaporated thin films of Nb in an atmosphere of ammonia. NbN (cub) was formed on heating in vacuo of thin films of Nb(N,O)I, and it was further decomposed into Nb2N (hex) at a higher temperature. Covering with Nb fine powders makes possible the nitriding of thin films of Nb into NbN (hex). Successive structure transformations NbN (hex) → NbN (cub) → Nb4N3 (tet) → Nb2N (hex) were observed by heating in vacuo. Electron diffraction diagrams show the superlattice structures of Nb2N (hex) and Nb4N3 (tet). The crystal structure of Nb2N (hex) is the same type as that of Nb2C. The structure of Nb4N3 (tet), however, is derived from the cubic NaCl type structure of NbN (cub) by the loss of one quarter of nitrogen atoms.
Angular Energy Dependence of a 180° Domain Wall in BaTiO3
Authors: Dvořák V. , Janovec V.
Published: November 2005

The thermodynamic theory of the domain wall has been used to calculate the dependence of the energy of a 180° wall in the tetragonal BaTiO3 phase on the angle ϕ which the wall forms with the a axis. The result derived is analysed from the point of view of the BaTiO3 domain structure.
Oscillistors in a Locally Concentrated Magnetic Field
Authors: Arizumi Tetsuya , Umeno Masayoshi , Hashimoto Masafumi
Published: November 2005

The oscillistor oscillation in a locally concentrated magnetic field has the following characteristics: (1) The relation between the threshold current and the magnetic flux density behaves in a similar fashion in uniform and in local magnetic fields. (2) In the local magnetic field, the oscillation frequency increases almost exponentially with the distance between the injecting junction and the magnet. (3) The oscillation usually occurs most easily and has a higher amplitude at a location about 2 mm from the junction, and this oscillation is the same as that observed in a uniform magnetic field.
Spectroscopy of Mercury-Helium Discharge and 6150 Å Laser Oscillation
Authors: Suzuki Norihito
Published: November 2005

In the pulse excitation of a mercury discharge tube, several spectral lines of Hg II are enhanced by introducing helium into the mercury discharge tube. Especially the 6150 Å line of Hg II is enhanced strongly and the laser oscillation of this line can be observed.
To investigate the mechanisms of the enhancement and the laser oscillation of the 6150 Å line, time-resolved spectroscopic study was attempted. From results of the measurements, it is concluded that the collision between the metastable helium (23S) and the metastable mercury dominates the formation of the population invertion of the 6150 Å laser transition.
Lattice Defects in Zinc Sulphide Whiskers
Authors: Tanaka Kenzo , Mannami Michihiko , Watanabe Kunio
Published: November 2005

An electron microscope investigation was made on lattice defects in zinc sulphide whiskers. Axial screw dislocations were observed in whiskers parallel to <21̄1̄0>. This supports the screw dislocation mechanism of whisker growth. Bicrystal structures were also found in whiskers parallel to <21̄1̄0>, and plane defects on (0001) in whiskers parallel to <0001>. It is concluded that an alternative mechanism of growth must be considered for whiskers having a bicrystal structure.
Modification of the Threshold Current of GaAs Laser by a Reflective Coating on One End
Authors: Nannichi Yasuo
Published: November 2005

We have observed the variation of threshold currents of GaAs laser diodes with the change of reflectivity on one end as well as their variation with temperatures at 77 and 4°K. The result seems to be interpreted in the light of a simple model that the gain in the active region is proportional to the current density. Calculated values for the loss and gain factors at 77°K, ranged from 12 to 55 cm-1 and 0.25 to 0.6×10-2 cm/A, respectively. These values were found to change appreciably with temperatures.
An Empirical Equation of State for Powder Compression
Authors: Kawakita Kimio , Tsutsumi Yuhbun
Published: November 2005

An equation of state, representing the relation between the pressure and the volume of powdered mass under compression, has been introduced by K. Kawakita, one of the authors.
C=\frac{V_{0}-V}{V_{0}}=\frac{abP}{1+bP}

This equation is compared with other equations hitherto proposed by various authors.
Konopicky's and Tanimoto's equations are considered to be analogous to those of Athy and Kawakita, respectively. Athy's, Balshin's, Nutting's, Terzaghi's and Kawakita's equations are modified by adopting the same term of porosity as a scale, and compared with each other. These equations are applied to a series of experimental data published by various authors, and it is shown that the Kawakita's one get the best fit.
Focussing of Electron Beam from Biased Electron Gun. A Study with Oxide-Cored Cathode as Well as Tungsten Hair-Pin Filament.
Authors: Kamigaito Osami
Published: November 2005

Various characteristics of electron beam (beam diameter, total current, brightness, etc.) from electron guns such as used in electron microscopes and other equipments were studied systematically. The present paper describes the general results which are independent of detailed design of electron guns. It was found that the image of the tip of cathode is formed on a plane at a certain bias voltage. At this bias voltage, the brightness measured on the plane takes maximum value which agrees with the theoretical value. It was made clear that the decrease of brightness from the maximum value is mainly due to the finite size of apertures used for the measurement. Near the cut-off voltage, space charge limitation also makes the brightness lower. These results are against the conclusions of Haine & Einstein. Nature of the so-called hollow beam was studied. This is due to electrons from the side surface of cathode. Thus it does not appear for oxide-cored cathode.
Display of Critical Switching Curves of Magnetic Thin Films on a TV Picture Tube
Authors: Hayashi Nobuo , Miyashita Takaaki
Published: November 2005

A display device for critical switching curves of magnetic thin films consisting of a standard TV receiver and simple attachments is described. The deflection currents of the picture tube are passed through a set of driving coils for applying two-dimensionally scanned fields on the film. The switching transient voltage induced in a pick up coil is used in place of the video signal of the TV set to obtain the display.
Theory of an Oscillating Coaxial Cylinder Viscometer for Viscoelastic Materials
Authors: Oka Syoten , Takami Akira
Published: November 2005

A theory of an oscillating coaxial cylinder viscometer for viscoelastic materials is presented. The outer cylinder is fixed and the inner cylinder is suspended by a wire, the upper end of which is twisted sinusoidally. A viscoelastic material is placed in the annular space between the two cylinders. The inner cylinder oscillates with the same frequency, but with different phase. There must be relationships between the amplitude and phase lag of the inner cylinder and the dynamic shear modulus and dynamic viscosity of the viscoelastic material. As is well known, the relationships become very simple, if the inertia effect of the viscoelastic material is neglected. The inertia effect upon the relationships is investigated in this paper. It is shown that the exact treatment of the problem requires the use of Bessel functions and the relationships are extremely complicated. Following the method of Markovitz, formulae for the dynamic shear modulus and the dynamic viscosity are obtained to the first approximation. A new method of calculation has been devised to obtain the second approximation without using Bessel functions.
Das Sieden des überhitzten Wassers unter elektrischer Entladung
Authors: Terao Kunio , Ataka Matsuo , Kaneko Ryoichi
Published: November 2005

In order to study the mechanism of ebullition, the ebullition of superheated water by an electric discharge was investigated. From the ebullition probability which was calculated from the fluctuation of the induction time of ebullition, the ionization of water by the electric discharge and the high speed kinematographic pictures of ebullition, it was concluded that ebullition occurs when the associated molecules are dissociated. This result also proves that the energy required to separate the molecules from the liquid plays the most important role at ebullition, while the so-called Gibbs' free energy for nucleation of the critical bubble has almost no effect on it, as we already reported.1)
Electrical Properties of Non-Stoichiometric Uranium Dioxide
Authors: Iida Shoji
Published: November 2005

The electrical conductivity, drift mobility and Seebeck voltage of uranium dioxides UO2-x
have been measured over the temperature range between 77°K and 1200°K and the conduction was found to be n type. Conduction electrons are suggested to be created mainly from unbonding U atoms. In the temperature region below about 700°K, the conductivity and drift mobility are found to increase with temperature but Seeback voltage does not increase. The activation energies in this temperature region are smaller than the specimen having the ratio O/U>2. The values of effective mass m
* and coupling constant α are estimated to be m
*=1.05 m and α=2.81, respectively, at room temperature which indicates the specimen is an ionic crystal and the hopping conduction mechanism predominates in this temperature region. In the temperature region higher than about 700°K the Seeback voltage does not increase with rising temperature but the conductivity increases rapidly.
Saturation of the Microwave Impedance and the Occurrence of Microwave Emission in InSb
Authors: Toda Minoru
Published: November 2005

Measurements of the microwave impedance of n-type InSb in the breakdown region, using a new technique, show a decrease and finally saturation of the impedance with increasing current, for sufficiently strong longitudinal or transverse magnetic fields. The saturation and the emission of microwave radiation were observed to occur for the same conditions of current and field. When no microwave emission was observed, because of a small or zero magnetic field, the impedance monotonically decreased with increasing current. Measurements were made using two K-band waveguides, with the sample passing through both. The phase of the emitted radiation coming form the two halves of the crystal was compared, and it was concluded from the measurements that both a phase-sensitive component (which is in phase in the two halves of the sample) and a phase-insensitive component are present.
Theory of Viscoelasticity in Temporarily Crosslinked Polymers (V) Relation between Molecular Weight Distribution and Viscoelastic Properties
Authors: Hayashi Shizuo
Published: November 2005

The rheology equation of amorphous polymers and concentrated polymer solutions with molecular weight distribution are obtained by using a temporarily crosslinked network model.
The predicted spectrum is nearly of the box type but is out of shape in the range of long relation times. The minimum and the maximum relaxation times become longer and the height of plateau of the box lower as the distribution becomes broader. The relaxation spectrum gives the negative of integral curve of the molecular weight distribution. Then, a method of determining the molecular weight distribution by using the relaxation spectrum of concentrated polymer solution is proposed.
The viscosity versus molecular weight relation predicted from the theory show that the viscosity is proportional to M

n

M

z

M

z+1
1.5.
Hot Electron-Phonon Interaction in Metals
Authors: Koshiga Fusako , Sugano Takuo
Published: November 2005

The transition probability of a hot electron in metals due to phonons is calculated by using Bardeen's self-consistent field approach.
The results show that the mean free path is slightly dependent on the initial energy of the electron. A hot electron in gold with an initial energy 1 eV higher than the Fermi energy has a calculated mean free path of 330 Å. The measured hot electron's attenuation length of 350 Å in gold can thus be explained by the present calculation, together with Quinn's result for the hot electron mean free path due to interaction with conduction electrons.
Sensitivity of a Paraffin-Moderated BF3 Proportional Counter
Authors: Ryufuku Hiroshi , Tatsuta Hatsumi , Shirotani Takashi
Published: November 2005

The sensitivity was obtained by solving a multi-group diffusion equation and by the experiment using monoenergetic neutrons. The neutron energies used were over the range of 0.625 eV to 10 MeV in the calculation and 5 KeV to 6 MeV in the experiments. Moderator thicknesses were 2.7, 4.7, 6.7, 7.9, 11.0 and 14.7 cm in the calculation, and 3.5, 4.5, 6.5, 8.5 and 14.0 cm in the experiments.
The results show a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical sensitivities for the energies above 200 KeV, while slight discrepancies appear below this energy.
Measurements on Local Variations in Spacing and Orientation of the Lattice Plane of Silicon Single Crystals by X-Ray Double-Crystal Topography
Authors: Kikuta Seishi , Kohra Kazutake , Sugita Yoshimitsu
Published: November 2005

A method of measuring the local variations in the spacing and the orientation of a lattice plane in a single crystal is reported. The angular positions of diffraction peak at each point of the specimen are measured at four incident azimuths making 90° to each other by a double-crystal spectrometer. This method is applied to two specimens of silicon single crystals doped with arsenic and containing oxygen respectively. The growth striations observed in the two specimens are for the most part due to the variation in lattice spacing. The intensity contrast extended in the long range is due to misorientation.
Magnetohydrodynamic Pivoted Slider Bearing with a Convex Pad Surface
Authors: Prakash Jagdish
Published: November 2005

A theoretical analysis is presented for a pivoted slider bearing in the presence of an external magnetic filed applied parallel to the bearing surface and perpendicular to the direction of motion. The analysis takes into account the pad surface curvature, which is usually neglected. The effect of this curvature is shown in a family of curves. Some interesting results are obtained.
Extension of Measurable Density Ranges in Microwave Plasma Diagnostics
Authors: Takeda Susumu , Masumi Motoshi
Published: November 2005

In order to apply microwaves for measuring the time-varying electron densities down to their low values in gaseous plasmas, a technique is developed, which can increase the small phase difference between the microwaves transmitted through a path with and without plasma by means of a dielectric plate of 1/4 wave length thickness.
By using two dielectric plates, the electron density lower by at least one order of magnitude than that measured by the previous method is measured in a decaying afterglow plasma in a waveguide. The sensitivity of this method is comparable to that by a cavity technique which is sensitive particularly in measuring low plasma densities but is not always convenient in probing plasmas in free space. The present system, however, has a wide application even in plasmas in free space, if a doubled path is established with a reflector.
In addition, this technique has another advantage that the sensitivity can be changed by a very simple procedure. The electron density from 108 to 1018 cm-3 for a plasma of one wave length thickness is detectable by the present technique at X-band (9000 Mc) microwave frequency.
Measurements of Flow Velocities in an MHD Channel
Authors: Shirakata Hirofumi , Matsunaga Sakuro , Hiramoto Tatsumi , Yano Syukuro
Published: November 2005

A direct determination of the flow velocity was made by the flight time measurement of the luminous cloud in the plasma flow composed of K2CO3-seeded-argon gases. The experimental error in the measurement of velocity was 6.3% (standard deviation).
The velocity values obtained in this way were compared with those obtained by two other indirect methods: one based on the mass conservation equation of plasma flow, and the other on the use of MHD electromotive force. By making some assumptions on the turbulent velocity distribution in a smooth pipe, the local velocity was evaluated by the first indirect method. The values obtained were in fairly good agreement with those determined by the direct method and by the second indirect method. A few corrections which should be made for obtaining reliable results by the two indirect methods are described.
Magnetic and Crystallographic Studies of Ferrimagnetic Calcium Ferrites Containing Tri- or Tetravalent Metal Ions
Authors: Ichinose Noboru
Published: November 2005

Magnetic and crystallographic studies have been made on a number of new ferrimagnetic calcium ferrites which have been obtained by modifying calcium diferrite (CaFe4O7) containing tri- or tetravalent metal ions. X-ray studies on the single crystals indicate that the space group of these crystals is R3̄c and the lattice constants in the hexagonal unit cell are a
0=6.03±0.01 A and c
0=94.5±0.3 A. These compounds have a preferred plane perpendicular to the c-axis. It is shown that the mechanism of the magnetic saturation with increasing amounts of additives is closely connected with the stabilization of the crystal structures. The maximum values of magnetic moments are interpreted by considering the magnetic structure similar to Zn2Y(Ba2Zn2Fe12O22). Mössbauer studies reveal two sublattices in the Fe3+ sites which cause ferrimagnetism of these compounds.
Luminescent Properties of CdTe Diode
Authors: Ishikawa Reiji , Mitsuma Takeshi
Published: November 2005

Mechanisms of luminescent recombination in the P and Cd diffused CdTe diodes are investigated through the measurements of their injection luminescence, electrical properties and photoluminescence. Efficient cascade-type energy transfer is found in the diodes at 4.2°K: the primary fluorescence produced in the n-region of the diode excites the secondary luminescence in the p-region. An energy band tail due to in corporated P ions is recognized from the observed spacial dependence of the photoluminescence spectra in the junction region of the diode. These results, together with the electrical properties, are discussed and compared with those of the GaAs laser diode. Spin-orbit splitting of the valence bands of CdTe is determined to be 0.86 eV by the measurement of optical absorption in the P doped crystals.
Dielectric Properties in BaTiO3-BaSnO3 and BaTiO3-Ba(Fe1/2Ta1/2)O3 Systems
Authors: Nakamura Tetsurô , Nomura Shoichiro
Published: November 2005

Complete solid solutions with perovskite type structures were formed in systems of BaTiO3-BaSnO3 and BaTiO3-Ba(Fe1/2Ta1/2)O3. The Curie temperature of the BaTiO3-BaSnO3 system decreased linearly with BaSnO3 content and the relation between the Curie constant and the Curie temperature was also linear with a tangent of 3.3×102. The broad phase transition in this system was attributed to simultaneous occurrence of composition fluctuations and weak ferroelectric interactions. In the BaTiO3-Ba(Fe1/2Ta1/2)O3 system, the Curie temperature decreased rapidly whereas the Curie constant increased with increasing Ba(Fe1/2Ta1/2)O3 content. The relation of Curie constant versus Curie temperature was approximately linear with a negative tangent of -1.3×102. The broader phase transition in the BaTiO3-Ba(Fe1/2Ta1/2)O3 system was ascribed to a direct disturbance of interactions between the permanent electric dipoles caused by local ion pairs. The anomalous increase in the Curie constant was attributed to an increase of electron deformation due to the existence of nonisovalent B ions.
The Nature of Helicon-Wave Instabilities
Authors: Akai Shin-ichi
Published: November 2005

The generalized dispersion relation for electromagnetic waves in a medium with drifting carriers is calculated in the hydrodynamic description of plasmas. The basic configurations of k, B0 and E0, involving the velocity-driven instabilities in semiconductor plasmas are discussed briefly. As a special case, helicon-wave instabilities when k// B0// E0 are studied in detail by a “resistive hole approximation.” It is shown that the left-polarized-helicon instability is convective (amplifying) for (n
0h
/n
0e
)(ω
c
e
τ
e
)(ω
c
h
τ
h
)<1, and non-convective (absolute) for (n
0h
/n
0e
)(ω
c
e
τ
e
)(ω
c
h
τ
h
)≧1.
On Modes of a PIG Discharge
Authors: Tanaka Yuji , Yamamoto Kenzo
Published: November 2005

Experiments have been carried out to study the oscillation phenomena in a hot cathode PIG discharge tube which has been used extensively for a high density plasma source. There are four modes of PIG discharge. In the low frequency oscillation mode, a cycloidal motion of electrons at the sheath in front of the cylindrical anode excites a coherent oscillation on the central plasma column whose diameter is equal to that of the hot cathode. This mode of PIG discharge is characterized by he appearance of the magnetron cut-off field above which the oscillation occurs. Other three modes are briefly discussed in connection with this mode.
Influence of Metal Impurities on Breakdown Characteristics of High Voltage Silicon n+p Junctions
Authors: Ogawa Takuzō
Published: November 2005

The effect of gold or copper diffusion on the breakdown and multiplication characteristics of high voltage n
+
p junctions are studied. In the case of gold, the charcteristics become softer for higher diffusion temperature, higher cooling rate and larger deposited gold quantity, whereas soft characteristics do not appear in the case of copper except in very rapidly cooled samples. Results of the multiplication characteristics measurement show the presence of microplasma. A big microplasma is sometimes observed independently of diffusion treatment, especially in copper diffused junctions.
A few copper precipitates which may contribute to the microplasma formation are observed in the samples by use of an infrared microscope. There is an indication that copper atoms migrate from the inside to the surfaces during the cooling period. Gold precipitate, however, is not found.
Positive Ion Contamination on Metal Surfaces
Authors: Howling D. H.
Published: November 2005

Alkali metal, positive ion, contamination on metal surfaces contained in borosilicate glass envelopes has been studied for various gas atmospheres up to 100 torr. Positive ion desorption phenomena have been observed in ambient gases which are essentially similar to those obtained in the in-vacuo and sputtering experiments of Bills and Evett. Mass spectrometer examination confirmed the results of Bills and Evett, Riddock and Leck and of Bradley that the dominant ion was K+with lesser amounts of Na+. Particularly heavy contamination by K+was observed in the presence of O2. In the extreme case, direct vapor phase condensation of alkali metal contamination may be observed. The results differ from those of Riddock and Leck in that the amount of alkali metal ions desorbed from a W surface after extended gas discharge saturated at 0.03 monolayer coverage.
The Fffects of Ion Bombardment on Molybdenite
Authors: Mihama Kazuhiro
Published: November 2005

The effects of ion bombardment on MoS2 are studied by means of transimission electron microscope. The bombardment is carried out by air or argon ions of 7 kV. In order to compare the bombarded and non-bombarded regions in one electron micrograph, a technique of putting MgO smoke crystallites on the specimen is used extensively to make the shadow to the ion beam. In the stage of heavy ion damage, imbricated patterns are obtained as the results of the selective etching. In the stage of light ion damage, broadenings of extinction contours and of dislocation lines are observed. They can be interpreted by the creation of point defects due to the bombardment. In the latter stage, the pair images are also appeared due to the bombardment.
Tritium Gas Target for T(d, n)He4 Reaction
Authors: Nishi Masato , Takiyama Masashi , Ryu Norio
Published: November 2005

This paper reports a tritium gas target filled up to 6.5 atmospheres which has been used for the production of neutrons by the T(d, n)He4 reaction. Tritium gas is supplied from a uraniumtriteride (UT3) oven. Discussions are given of gas handling procedure and temperature dependence of decomposition pressure. This target tolerates a 1 µ amp. beam of 18 MeV. deuterons from I.N.S. (Tokyo) 160 cm cyclotron without foil damage and gas leakage for several days.
High Efficiency Gas Cherenkov Counter
Authors: Kifune Tadashi , Kimura Yoshitaka , Suzuki Toshio
Published: November 2005

A threshold type gas Cherenkov counter using CO2 and Freon 12 (CCl2F2) is constructed. The counting efficiency was measured for electrons of momentum 300 MeV/c as a function of gas pressure. The pressure was varied from vacuum to 6 kg/cm2 with Freon 12 and to 15 kg/cm2 with CO2. The maximum efficiency obtained is 99.3±0.5%. The velocity resolution δβ is estimated to be better than 3×10-3, which suffices to discriminate electrons from muons and pions produced by a 1.3 GeV electron synchrotron.
Surface States of Silicon-Silicon Dioxide Interface Grown by Vapor Deposition
Authors: Tarui Yasuo , Komiya Yoshio , Teshima Hiroo , Nagai Kiyoko
Published: November 2005

To search the method of obtaining Si-SiO2 interface with lower surface state density, the surface state density of MOS structure produced by gas etching or epitaxial growth of Si and successive gas deposition of SiO2 were measure. The method of determining the surface state density was re-examined and confirmed. The surface state densities of the gas deposited samples were found to be smaller than those of the thermally grown samples. The smallest surface state density of gas deposited sample was of the order of 1010/cm2 in the frequency range between 1 kc/s and 1 mc/s. The flat band charge N

F
B
did not depend sensitively on the way the SiO2 was made and depended on the treatment after the SiO2 was deposited.
Hydromagnetic Squeeze Films between Two Finite Plates
Authors: Shukla J. B. , Prakash Jagdish
Published: November 2005

A theoretical study is made of squeeze films between two rectangular and elliptical plates, for the case of an electrically conducting fluid, in the presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field. It is shown that the load capacity and time of approach increases as the strength of the applied magnetic field increases. The results are compared with the case of squeeze films between two infinitely long rectangular plates.
Secondary Electron Emission Type Neutral Particle Detector
Authors: Morita Kenji , Akimune Hideo , Suita Tokuo
Published: November 2005

Experimental studies have been made on the secondary electron emission yields from metal surfaces bombarded byH10,H1+, andH20with energies ranging by 10 to 40 KeV. The yields increase with the incident beam energy. The yield fromH10is smaller than that byH1+and is proportional to the cosecant of the incidence angle. The yield byH20is larger by a factor of two than that byH10with the same velocity. The mechanism of the secondary electron emission is discussed by comparing the yield byH10with that byH1+and by considering the observed angular dependence. The observed difference in the yields byH10andH1+is considered to originate essentially from the difference between the ionization cross-sections of the two particles within the shallow layer below the surface. A neutral particle detector has been made on the basis of the angular dependence results.
Electron Diffraction at Low Temperature I. Apparatus and Preliminary Results
Authors: Fujime Satoru
Published: November 2005

An electron diffraction apparatus has been constructed for studies at low temperature down to 4.2°K. In this apparatus, a specimen holder is attached to a bottom of a small cryostat, into which liquid helium is poured from a storage vessel through a transfer tube. The specimen temperature is controlled mainly by adjusting the flowing quantity of liquid helium and sometimes by the operations of a small electrical heater. The construction and characteristics of the apparatus are presented.
Preliminary results on bismuth, gallium, Pb-12%Bi and beryllium films prepared by the low temperature condensation are also described. The present results on bismuth and gallium are different in some respects from those of a previous researcher. Correspondence between change of a state of atomic aggregate and anomalies of electrical resistance are confirmed in the cases of Pb-12%Bi and beryllium films prepared by low temperature condensation.
The Transistorized B-H Loop Tracer and the Asteroid Curve Tracer
Authors: Matsumoto Gen , Mizoguchi Moriji , Iida Shuichi
Published: November 2005

A transistorized B-H loop tracer was constructed in order to suppress the noises from the power supplies and the heater supplies. The C-R coupled integrator was employed to reduce the flicker noises from transistors.
By use of the B-H loop circuits, the asteroid curve of magnetic thin films, which defines the switching threshold, as a function of longitudinal and transversal magnetic fields, was automatically traced on the oscilloscope. The switching signals picked up were amplified to have a constant maximum voltage and they were put into the Z-axis of an oscilloscope. This circuit is newly designed by use of the grid control tubes and the brightness on the screen indicates the waveforms of each signal on each point of the asteroid.
Beam Controllable PIG Ion Source
Authors: Cheon Beonguk , Akimune Hideo , Suita Tokuo
Published: November 2005

A modified hot cathode-PIG source has been designed to deliver molecular hydrogen ions, H2
+, in a high ratio to the number of H3
+ ions, and to have a sharp ion beam cut-off. The source has a canal electrode in a cylindrical shape under the PIG cell. The extracted ion current is controlled by the canal potential. The minimum fall time of the beam is 0.1 µsec which shows the feasibility of a pulse beam with a small duration than 1 µsec. Mass analysis of the source output shows that the H2
+ component can be over 80% and this high ratio is due to the suppression of H3
+ formation. Although this result is obtained only by variation of the canal potential, it shows that Verney's assertions are realized.
Low Electron Density Measurements of Transient Plasmas by Optical Interferometers
Authors: Takeda Susumu , Minami Kazuo
Published: November 2005

A simple and sensitive optical interferometer system is developed to extend the lower limit of measurable electron densities for time varying plasmas. This technique, which can eliminate the effect of mechanical vibrations of the building floor and/or the drift, is tested and compared with that of an 8 mm microwave measurement. The electron density decay from 1015 cm-3 down to 4×1013 cm-3 for a plasma length of 20 cm is detected by a wave of 0.5463µ from a mercury lamp.
Formation of Hydrogen Negative Ions in Mercury Vapour
Authors: Masuda Seizo , Terasawa Michitaka , Kumagai Michikazu
Published: November 2005

A negative ion source utilizing mercury vapour as a charge-exchange target has been developed for a tandem electrostatic accelerator. Collision processes for hydrogen ions passing through matter are discussed for negative ion production. It is found that a mercury vapour target gives larger hydrogen negative ion yields than a hydrogen gas target, and a maximum of 3.3% of the incident proton beam is converted to negative ions at an energy of 15 keV.
A Note on Barkhausen Noise Induced by an External Stress in a Ferrite Head in a Video Tape Recorder
Authors: Tawara Yoshio , Sennō Haruhumi
Published: November 2005

As a possible origin of noise in a reproducing head in a video tape recorder, a pulsed stress due to friction between a head and a tape is pointed out.
From the consideration of internal physical processes of a ferrite material under the pulsed stress, the spectrum of the noise is predicted.
The noise experimentally observed is well interpreted by the model.
X-Ray Microdiffraction with a Scanning X-Ray Microanalyzer
Authors: Ichinokawa Takeo
Published: November 2005

A method similar to the selected area microdiffraction in electron microscopy has been tried with an electron probe X-ray microanalyzer of the scanning type. By irradiating the finely focused electron beam on a film target and passing the generated X-rays through a pinhole slit, an X-ray micro-beam of about 10µ in diameter was obtained. After selecting a desired region for X-ray microdiffraction by observing scanning images of a specimen surface, the X-ray micro-beam was made to irradiate this area. A back-reflection diffraction pattern was recorded on a film placed at a distance of 11 mm from the specimen surface. With an accelerating voltage of 35 kV and a probe current of 2µA, the specific load of electrons on the target was about 10 kW/mm2. Exposure times were 30 min. for copper metal and 2 hours for zinc blende particles in a chalcopyrite ore when a copper target of several microns was used. Some applications were carried out for specimens of rolled copper plate, chalcopyrite ore, and evaporated permalloy film. With the microdiffraction patterns, it was possible to confirm results of quantitative analysis of elements, to determine orientations of crystallites, and to measure strains in fine crystals.
Coherence of Light from Random Medium
Authors: Suzuki Takeomi , Hioki Ryuichi
Published: November 2005

Theoretical descriptions are given of the statistics of the speckled diffraction patterns of diffused coherent light. The amplitude of light disturbance in a diffused source surface is expressed by a spatially continuous complex function. The spatial correlation of the phase angle of the amplitude is discussed and the space-averaged coherence area of phase is given. The coherence area of phase depends on the microscopic processes of the diffusion, but is at least of the square of the wavelength of light. The power spectral density of the diffraction pattern in terms of spatial frequency is shown to be proportional to the autocorrelation function of the intensity distribution of the diffused source and also to the coherence area of phase.
Deformation Twin in Single Crystals of a 3% Vanadium-Iron Alloy
Authors: Suzuki Hirowo G. , Tanino Mitsuru , Aoki Kōichi
Published: November 2005

Observations were made on deformation twins in single crystals of a 3% vanadium-iron alloy which were deformed in compression along the [1̄10] direction at -195°C. In most twin bands, a narrow but straight line (`midrib') is seen to run along the longitudinal direction. Electron microscope observations show that the thickness of such a `midrib' is less than 100 Å and also, near the midrib, a considerably high density of dislocations is located. The midrib runs straight without being disturbed by sub-boundaries, where twin bands are always constricted. Besides such `constrictions', `indentations' are frequently observed in a twin band, which are interpreted as regions left untwinned locally in the growth process of thickness because of the presence of isolated obstacles.
These observations may suggest that a deformation twin is formed by the following two processes. A very thin twin plate less than 100 Å in thickness is first formed dynamically, and then the thickness of the twin increases with increasing stress, forming constrictions or indentations at the place of obstacles such as sub-boundaries, pre-cipitates, or pre-existing dislocations.
On Calculations for Gamma-Ray Scattering in Density Gauge
Authors: Uemura Teiji
Published: November 2005

This paper deals with the calculations of three problems for a surface density meter utilizing 137Cs gamma-source: (a) variation of the scattered intensity due to air-gap between the gauge and scatterer; (b) dependence of the thickness at saturated intensity on the density of scatterer; (c) dependence of the scattered intensity from each section of the source-and the detector-side on both the density and the source-to-detector separation. The calculations are based on the scattering and absorption properties of matter with regard to gamma-rays, in a similar method as described in a previous paper. The computations of integrals for partial space are numerically done following the Simpson's one third rule. The previous observations can be explained satisfactorily by the results of calculations.
Application of Different Orthonormal Expansion Methods to Neutron Measurements. III. Actual Measurements of Spectra and Dose Equivalent Rates.
Authors: Ryufuku Hiroshi , Tatsuta Hatsumi , Shirotani Takashi
Published: November 2005

Neutron spectra and dose equivalent rates were measured with a BF3 proportional counter covered with two, three or five of 0-, 3.5-, 4.5-, 6.5-, 8.5- and 14.0-cm-thickness paraffin moderators. The dose equivalent rates were also measured with a “Remcounter” having two detectors, one of which consists of a BF3 counter centered in 30-cm-diameter paraffin cylinder and the other of three BF3 counters embeded at intervals of 120 degrees along a coaxial 16-cm-diameter cylinder in the same paraffin moderator.
The obtained dose equivalent rates for neutrons from a RaD-Be source did not differ by more than 22 per cent from the theoretical values given in the paper II, even when the measured spectra had large negative values at some energy.
Tunable Infrared Maser Spectrometers
Authors: Sakurai Katsumi , Shimoda Koichi
Published: November 2005

Magnetically tunable infrared masers of He-Xe at 3.5070 µm and He-Ne at 3.3913 µm are described. Basic considerations and experimental problems in applying a tunable infrared maser to infrared spectroscopy are discussed. Theoretical discussions of the sensitivity and the resolution of the infrared maser spectrometer are presented.
By using a small solenoid, the He-Xe maser was tuned in the range of about ±4000 MHz and the He-Ne maser was tuned about ±2000 MHz. Absorption spectra of some organic molecules were observed by the Stark-modulation as well as by the video method. Single-pass gains of the He-Xe and the He-Ne discharge were measured by the signal from tunable masers. An asymmetry in the output power of the He-Xe maser against scanning magnetic field can be explained from the observed hyperfine component of the maser transition of Xe.
Anisotropy in Mechanical Relaxations in Uniaxially Oriented Polymers
Authors: Kawamura Yasuaki , Wada Yasaku
Published: November 2005

A new method for studying the anisotropy in mechanical relaxations of oriented polymers is proposed. The method consists of measuring velocicty and attenuation of ultrasonic shear waves propagating in the normal direction to the film as a function of the angle between draw direction and wave polarization. This method can separate the orientation of crystalline phase, amorphous phase and others in the polymer, because multiple relaxations in the temperature dispersion curve are ascribed to related phases, respectively. Preliminary results for low density polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene at 3 and 10 MHz in temperature -60° to 40°C are presented and the deformation mechanism of polyethylene is suggested.
Characteristics of the New Vidicon-Type Camera Tube Using CdSe as a Target Material
Authors: Shimizu Kazuo , Kiuchi Yuji
Published: November 2005

A new television camera tube has been developed under the name of “CdSe-vidicon” using the CdSe photoconductive layer as a target material. To explain high sensitivity (quantum yield greater than unity) of this vidicon, a new model is proposed for the n-type photoconductive layer of the target. Main difference between an n-type photoconductive target and a usual p-type is whether electrons of the beam can flow into the layer or not. The variation of dark current and of photocurrent with voltages, and spectral response as a function of layer thickness can be understood by considering the behavior of a non-uniformly illuminated n-type photoconductor with ohmic contacts, in which drift and trapping of photoexcited holes play an important role.