bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nursing Interventions in the Management of Non-Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Multidisciplinary Approach with Laboratory Support
Authors: Alshahrani Fahad Abdullah , Al Asmri Ali Mansour Ali , Saggaf Faten Alawi , Al Rowaili Abrar Mansoor , Alsewed Rania Mohammed , Yousif Tahani Yousif , Alarad Reem Sulaiman Atallah , Alsharari Shaya Mughthi Salman , Alhesi Neda Eissa , Alseghyer Abdullah Mohammed , Al-Qahtani Muhammad Ali Ayed
Published: February 2025

Background: Particularly in immunocompromised people, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a wide collection of mycobacterial species that create major health hazards and are progressively identified as sources of different illnesses. Diagnostic complexity and therapeutic challenges make effective management of NTM infections still tough. Methods: The present study methodically reviews the body of knowledge on nursing interventions used in NTM infection management. It emphasizes the interdisciplinary approach including laboratory support for diagnosis and therapy. Comprehensive database searches revealed pertinent research that underlined the importance of nursing in patient education, symptom management, and collaborative care. Results: The study emphasizes how early detection and therapy of NTM infections depend much on nursing actions. Important conclusions include the need for comprehensive patient evaluations involving examination of clinical symptoms, laboratory monitoring, and the use of customized teaching programs. Optimizing treatment plans and enhancing patient outcomes depend on efficient communication among healthcare professionals including nurses, chemists, and doctors. Conclusion: The management of NTM infections is significantly improved by the incorporation of nursing interventions within a multidisciplinary framework. Nurses greatly help to enhance clinical results and quality of life for patients impacted by NTM by offering thorough treatment addressing both psychological and physical elements of patient health. To improve patient care even further, future studies should concentrate on creating uniform guidelines for nurse activities in NTM treatment.
The relevance of libraries in the process of cultivating literate populations
Authors: Adil Khattak
Published: February 2025

A decade ago, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) embraced the concept of "good governance" as a set of governing principles to assist them in accomplishing their objectives in the member countries of each institution. Currently, these institutions are seeing growing pressures to maintain comparable levels of transparency, involvement, and openness. This study investigates the difficulties faced by these organizations and assesses the strategies they have adopted to promote the sharing of information and build relationships with non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This study examines the specific issues encountered by these institutions. This paper contends that in order to foster "good governance" at the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), it is necessary to perform an investigation into reforms related to their constitutional requirements, decision-making process, balance of stakeholder rights, as well as their expertise and knowledge. Moreover, this study contends that it is essential to scrutinize any alterations to the competence and experience of the IMF and World Bank in order to promote the progress of "good governance" inside these institutions. All of our rights are preserved and kept in reserve. Elsevier Science business, Ltd. was established in 2000, deriving its name from its parent company.
ایک اختصاصی مطالعہ:عہد فاروقی کے معاہدات اور عصر حاضر میں اہمیت و افادیت
Authors: Hafiz Musharaf Bashir  , Dr. Mazhar Hussain Bhadroo  , Dr. Muhammad Shahid Habib
Published: February 2025

Islam teaches Muslims to be kind and tolerant towards non-Muslims, and it does not allow any individual to mistreat even a single person on the basis of differences in beliefs and opinions. The teachings of the Quran and Hadith provide basic guidance to build relationships on the basis of Islamic ethical considerations. The holy Prophet himself established excellent relations with non-Muslims in the fields of politics, society, and economy. Prophet Muhammad benefitted from non-Muslim scholars without any interference from religiously biased prejudice, and also after the holy Prophet, the Four pious caliphs built healthy relationships with non-Muslims’ competent scholars with equal zest. Islam is the well-wisher of the world and teaches humanity to behave with love and affection without any impurities of ill-fated, chaotic, and destructive behaviors towards humanity because Islam is a perfect and complete code of life and works for the betterment of human kind. The lives of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad are beacons for our lives to nurture. Let us have the life of Omar Farooq, whose actions and acts reminded us of lessons of ascension for humans who got destroyed from guidance and destination. His life provides us with codes of conduct to remind us of the adjuration of ascension for humanity. Your luminous examples in decision-making, conquests, and justice provide solutions to every problem for man. That is why a brave new world demands a charter compiled on the teachings and decisions of the caliphate and non-Muslims’ impassionate tutelage, which provides a pivotal point to discuss interdisciplinary and comparative religious problems to solve human problems and inculcate religious harmony to nurture and flourish human society.
Keywords: humanity, guidance, ascension, decision, religious
Iqbal's struggle against political colonialism
Authors: ڈاکٹر زاہد اختر شاہین  , عدنان  لیاقت  , فرید  سرور  , احمد وقاص شاکر
Published: February 2025

In addition to Iqbal's academic, intellectual and literary services, he also showed his emotions in the field of politics and the Muslims of India, who were deprived of their empire in 1857 after ruling India for a thousand years, regained courage and spirit in them to woke up and also gave hope for a new homeland Under the political leadership of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, he gave the dream of getting Pakistan.
Produzione di syngas ricco in idrogeno tramite gassificazione in acqua supercritica di rifiuti umidi
Authors: Macrì D. , Licastro P. , De Luca S. , Sellaro M. , Le Pera A. , Migliori M. , Muraca E. , Giordano G.
Published: February 2025

Questa collaborazione tra Techfem, Calabra Maceri & Servizi e l’Università della Calabria si concentra sulla produzione di energia sostenibile tramite gassificazione in acqua supercritica (SCWG) di rifiuti ad alto contenuto di umidità, con particolare attenzione a materiali di scarto industriale come digestati, percolati e fanghi di depurazione. A tal fine, è stato progettato e costruito un impianto pilota per affrontare le sfide poste dalla tipologia di rifiuti trattati con SCWG. Il progetto ha coinvolto sia attività sperimentali che simulazioni computazionali di processo, consentendo un’analisi completa del processo SCWG in condizioni operative controllate. Testando una serie di parametri operativi, come temperatura, pressione e composizione del materiale di partenza, lo studio mira a ottimizzare le condizioni che massimizzano la qualità del syngas e la resa di H₂. Inoltre, è stata valutata la fattibilità tecnica ed economica della scalabilità industriale di questa tecnologia, analizzando la sua efficienza energetica, l’impronta di carbonio e l’idoneità per l’integrazione nei sistemi di gestione dei rifiuti e produzione di energia. I risultati mostrano che l’SCWG è un metodo efficace per convertire i rifiuti umidi in syngas ricco di H₂. Questa tecnologia facilita la gestione dei rifiuti difficili e supporta la riduzione dell’uso di combustibili fossili e delle emissioni di gas serra, confermandosi come soluzione pratica e sostenibile per la produzione di energia pulita.
Urban Elevated Small Vehicle Arterials: A Critical Review
Authors: Price Daniel
Published: February 2025

This review critically assesses the feasibility and implications of elevated Small Vehicle Arterials as a solution for integrating smaller vehicles into urban environments. It examines the historical context of automobile-centric urban planning and the resulting marginalization of active transportation, positioning SVAs as a potential response to these challenges. The review analyzes SVA design principles, comparing them to existing highway infrastructure and highlighting key adaptations for smaller vehicles. Potential benefits, including reduced congestion, lower vehicle costs, and decreased land usage, are weighed against the challenges of implementation, such as public acceptance, funding, and integration with existing urban infrastructure. Finally, the review identifies key research gaps and future directions for SVA development, emphasizing the need for further investigation to fully understand the potential of this innovative transportation concept.
A.G. MASLOUNING EXTIYOJLIKLAR NAZARIYASIN TAHLILLASH
Authors: Ernazarov Nurlanbek
Published: February 2025

This scientific article interprets A.G. Maslow's theory of needs. The physiological needs, the needs for security, the needs for belonging or love, the needs for recognition and the needs for self-development that people may encounter mainly in their life and professional activities are analyzed.
El comercio internacional de servicios y su relevancia para el desarrollo económico
Authors:   Universidad de Columbia, Bhagwati Jagdish
Published: February 2025

La comercialización progresiva de los servicios ha convertido a éstos en el foco principal de atención en las negociaciones internacionales, una vez superada su equiparación tradicional con bienes no-comerciales. El autor reflexiona en primer lugar, sobre las razones por las que la comercialización de servicios plantea nuevos y difíciles problemas, a partir de la exposición de las diferentes características atribuidas a los servicios tradicionalmente y en la actualidad. En la parte final del artículo analiza las diferencias de intereses entre los países desarrollados y los países en vías de desarrollo que han impedido lograr acuerdos sobre la regulación internacional del comercio de servicios.
'Servicios a las empresas y desarollo regional
Authors:   Universidad de Ginebra, Bailly Antoine , Maillat Denis ,   Universidad de Neuchatel
Published: February 2025

Las transformaciones del sistema productivo han otorgado un papel cada vez más importante a las actividades terciarias en el desarrollo de las economías modernas, al producirse una progresiva interrelación e interpretación entre los distintos sectores económicos. Ello debe incitar a las regiones e integrar las actividades de servicios, al igual que las industriales, en sus políticas de desarrollo. Los autores, a partir del establecimiento de una topología de las actividades terciarias y del análisis de sus requisitos de localización espacial, sugieren las líneas principales y las etapas a seguir por una política de desarrollo regional
'La Bolsa de Bilbao: evolución y perspectivas de futuroa
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco, Cosgaya Izarza Rafael , Grande Esteban Ildefonso ,   Universidad del País Vasco
Published: February 2025

La Ley de Reforma del Mercado de Valores ha modernizado el funcionamiento de los mercados bursátiles poniendo en discusión la continuidad de la Bolsa de Bilbao. Dentro de los intensos debates que sobre su futuro se han desatado, en este artículo, Rafael Cosgaya e Ildefonso Grande pretenden recopilar los problemas que están incidiendo en esta continuidad. Se aporta una visión de la situación general del mercado bursátil español y la participación de la Bolsa de Bilbao en él para descubrir la estrategia para la supervivencia de la Bolsa y acabar sugiriendo que sólo puede ser consecuencia de una labor decidida.
Las Administraciones Públicas en la economía de la Comunidad Autónoma de Euskadi: principales recursos y empleos
Authors:   Instituto Vasco de Estadística, Fernández Luis Alberto
Published: February 2025

Desde el año 1982, en que entró en vigor el Estatuto de Autonomía del País Vasco, las Admínistraciones Públicas han jugado un papel creciente en la economía vasca. En el artículo, en primer lugar, se mide esta evolución en las áreas del empleo, valor añadido y aportación a la demanda final. A continuación se pasa a analizar los principales capítulos de los recursos financieros de que se nutren las Admínistracíones Públicas: las cotizaciones sociales, los impuestos sobre la renta y el patrimonio y los impuestos ligados a la producción y su comportamiento en el período. Posteriormente se examinan los empleos de estos recursos por parte de las Administraciones Públicas en prestaciones sociales, consumo público, formación bruta del capital fijo y otros empleos comentes. Se concluye el artículo constatando la necesidad creciente de financiación de las Administraciones Públicas vascas en los mercados financieros.
Sobre la necesidad de la ayuda del Estado para fomentar la autogeneración de la electricidad en la industria: apuntes para un debate
Authors:   Gobierno de España, Villegas Pedro P.
Published: February 2025

En los últimos años la Administración española ha venido concediendo distintos tipos de ayuda para estimular el desarrollo de los sistemas de cogeneracíón de energía. En este artículo, Pedro P. Villegas revisa críticamente las razones que se emplean para justificar, en nombre de la eficiencia económica, una ayuda estatal específica a dichos sistemas. En definitiva, trata de poner de manifiesto que los argumentos utilizados no son tan sólidos como pretende el Lobby de los cogeneradores, ni tan obvia la existencia de un beneficio social derivado del uso privado de la cogeneración.
MANEJO CLÍNICO DO HIPOTIREOIDISMO: DIAGNÓSTICO E TRATAMENTO NA PRÁTICA DIÁRIA
Authors: Araujo Elaine Oliveira , Ribas Maria Clara Bandeira , Araujo Ana Luiza Rodrigues , Guarese Monyella Pedrosa , Santos Elton Pessoa dos , Luz Sávio Nixon Passos , Sousa Andressa Cristina Correa Machado , Ponte Ives Ribeiro , Carvalho Agesilau Coelho de , Santiago Yago Lima , Castro Cintia Marçal , Almeida Bruna Gonçalves Dantas de , Araújo Neto Aristóteles Passos , Machado Júlia Araújo , Pereira Ana Julia Lima
Published: February 2025

O hipotireoidismo é uma condição clínica comum, caracterizada pela deficiência na produção de hormônios pela glândula tireoide. Embora o diagnóstico seja geralmente simples, as questões envolvendo a interpretação dos resultados laboratoriais e as variações nos níveis de TSH ao longo do tempo podem gerar incertezas sobre a indicação de tratamento. Além disso, a avaliação de comorbidades e a resposta clínica do paciente ao tratamento são determinantes para o manejo adequado da doença. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo geral deste estudo é revisar o manejo clínico do hipotireoidismo, abordando as estratégias de diagnóstico e tratamento que devem ser aplicadas na prática diária. A pesquisa é fundamentada em uma revisão abrangente da literatura existente, para a coleta dos dados, foi utilizada a base de dados PubMed e Scielo, A pesquisa foi conduzida com os termos "Hipotireoidismo”, “Diagnóstico”, “Tratamento", aplicando o operador booleano "AND". A revisão bibliográfica sobre o manejo clínico do hipotireoidismo destacou os avanços significativos no diagnóstico e no tratamento da doença, com a reposição de levotiroxina sendo o pilar central da terapêutica. No entanto, apesar da eficácia do tratamento, os desafios relacionados à titulação da dose, à adesão do paciente e ao monitoramento a longo prazo continuam a ser questões centrais na prática clínica. A individualização do tratamento, considerando características como idade, comorbidades e fatores psicossociais, é crucial para otimizar os resultados terapêuticos e reduzir complicações associadas ao hipotireoidismo. Além disso, a implementação das diretrizes clínicas na prática diária ainda enfrenta obstáculos, como a falta de tempo para acompanhamento adequado e a necessidade de formação contínua dos profissionais de saúde. O uso de tecnologias para monitoramento remoto e estratégias de educação em saúde emergem como soluções promissoras para superar essas barreiras e melhorar o manejo da doença. É essencial que futuras pesquisas continuem a explorar abordagens mais personalizadas e eficazes, a fim de promover melhores resultados clínicos e qualidade de vida para os pacientes com hipotireoidismo.
Brincando na sala de análise. Associações livres, singularidades e escolha de objeto no espaço potencial sem fim
Authors: Rozenberg Marlene
Published: February 2025

A autora apresenta pensamentos e articulações sobre a experiência e a presença do brincar na vida e na sala de análise. Selecionou aspectos como associações livres, singularidade e escolha de objeto, presentes e fundamentais no viver criativo e na relação analista-analisando. Refere-se a Winnicott, Bollas, Civitarese e outros autores para ampliar as reflexões a respeito desse tema.
“Beatriz” e O Grande Circo Místico. A transformação poético-musical de uma experiência emocional
Authors: Hartke Raul , Martins Edu
Published: February 2025

A canção “Beatriz”, composta por Edu Lobo e Chico Buarque, é considerada pelos autores deste trabalho um exemplo particularmente exitoso de transformação simbólica de uma experiência emocional impactante, compatível com a linguagem de consecução descrita por Bion. Os autores destacam e comentam os recursos poéticos e musicais utilizados pelos compositores para alcançar tal expressão. Apresentam alguns conceitos fundamentais da linguagem musical, bem como da teoria do objeto estético, de Donald Meltzer, sob cujo vértice organizam as considerações psicanalíticas. Buscam, com isso, uma fertilização mútua entre a psicanálise e a música no que diz respeito ao trabalho de transformação simbólica das experiências emocionais.
The Evolution of Software Design Patterns: An In-Depth Review
Authors: Kesavan Elavarasi
Published: February 2025

Design patterns are repeatable fixes for common issues in software design. Even if it's helpful for software analysis, finding design patterns may be difficult, particularly in big and intricate software systems. A number of tools have been put out in this area to automate this procedure. Review the many studies on software design patterns in the literature in this topic. This review highlights the varied impact of design patterns on software quality and maintainability. While some studies suggest that design patterns enhance software quality, others argue they can be detrimental, with results varying based on factors like failure rates, performance, and maintainability. Design patterns such as Data Management UI Page and Dependent Dropdown Filters improve consistency, code reuse, and development efficiency. Among 42 design pattern detection (DPD) tools, only ten are available online, with low detection accuracy and weak agreement among tools. GEML, a novel approach using evolutionary machine learning, improves detection accuracy but may generate false positives due to limited training data.
Reinterpretation of The Cause of “Fasad” in QS. Ar-Rum: 41 Perspective of Noam Chomsky's Transformative Generative Theory
Authors: Mush’ab Wafi ‘Adalah
Published: February 2025

A correct understanding of the Qur'anic text has an important role in creating a good. This article aims to reinterpret the Qur'anic verses that are often used as the basis for the spirit of ecology but forget the most important things contained in it. This effort is important because of the position of the Qur'an as the first source in the foundation of Islamic law (the first resource) and being a sacred text that has an ecological spirit from the beginning of its revelation until the last day. This study uses the transformative generative theory carried by Noam Chomsky which underlines that in understanding a text can use an approach that is divided into two: first, deep structure or deep structure and second, surface structure. In understanding QS. Ar-Rum: 41, Samarqhandi, Fakhruddin Ar-Rozi and Ibn Kathir have almost the same interpretation narrative but have different wording in terms of replacement, expansion and addition and use more of a deep structure approach. While Ash-Sha'rawi and Thanthawi Jauhari both do not have similar interpretative narratives. Asy-Sya'rawi uses more of a surface structure approach. While Thantawi Jauhari uses more surface and deep structure. This article concludes that the cause of "fasad" is not only the lack of maintaining the spirit of ecology such as negligence, turning away and indifference in protecting the environment and exceeding the limits in doing damage as a result of the destruction of the environment.
The Analysis Study of Surgical Intervention of Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Muliagus Rimbana Chekmat  , Imam Hidayat
Published: February 2025

Background: Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLS) is a progressive condition characterized by narrowing of the spinal canal, leading to nerve compression and significant morbidity. Surgical intervention is often required for patients with refractory symptoms. Various surgical techniques have been developed, including laminectomy, discectomy, interspinous spacers, minimally invasive lumbar decompression (MILD), endoscopic decompression, and pedicle screw-rod instrumentation with fusion. However, the optimal surgical approach remains a subject of debate. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify studies published between 2015 and 2025 that evaluated surgical interventions for DLS. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, or case-control studies assessing surgical outcomes, including pain relief, functional improvement, complication rates, and reoperation rates. Results: After screening and full-text review, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The results suggest that minimally invasive and endoscopic techniques are associated with improved postoperative recovery, lower complication rates, and enhanced functional outcomes compared to traditional open procedures. Laminectomy remains a widely used standard approach, but fusion techniques offer additional stability in select cases. The studies demonstrated a low risk of bias overall, particularly among RCTs, while retrospective studies exhibited greater methodological limitations. Conclusion: Minimally invasive and endoscopic surgical approaches for DLS offer promising outcomes in terms of pain relief, functional improvement, and recovery time. However, patient-specific factors, surgeon expertise, and long-term follow-up remain critical in determining the optimal surgical technique. Further high-quality, multi-center RCTs are necessary to strengthen the evidence base and guide clinical decision-making.
NGƯỜI TRẦN THUẬT TRONG TRUYỆN NGẮN FRANZ KAFKA
Authors: Đoàn Thị Việt Nga
Published: February 2025

Là một phương diện của nghệ thuật tự sự, người trần thuật trong truyện ngắn Franz Kafka đóng một vai trò quan trọng trong việc góp phần tạo nên phong cách tự sự đặc sắc của nhà văn. Truyện ngắn Franz Kafka có sự dịch chuyển điểm nhìn của người trần thuật từ bên ngoài vào bên trong, điểm nhìn chuyển sang ngôi thứ nhất kết hợp miêu tả nội tâm nhân vật. Không chỉ vậy, trong nhiều truyện ngắn của nhà văn còn xuất hiện hiện tượng chuyển đổi, phối hợp linh hoạt giữa nhiều điểm nhìn, nhiều ngôi kể. Trong sự luân phiên thay đổi điểm nhìn cùng với cấu trúc trần thuật đa ngôi, truyện ngắn Franz Kafka đã mở ra nhiều hướng tiếp cận hiện thực phong phú.
VẬN DỤNG ĐẠO “NHÂN” TRONG LUẬN NGỮ CỦA KHỔNG TỬ VÀO VIỆC DẠY – HỌC TRONG NHÀ TRƯỜNG PHỔ THÔNG HIỆN NAY
Authors: Mỵ Thị Quỳnh Lê
Published: February 2025

Xã hội ngày nay, dưới ảnh hưởng của nền kinh tế thị trường và sự biến đổi xã hội có tính qui luật đã làm cho mối quan hệ giữa thầy và trò nói riêng, các mối quan hệ xã hội nói chung xảy ra những sự việc đáng tiếc. Ở bài viết này, chúng tôi muốn vận dụng đạo nhân của Khổng Tử trong Luận ngữ vào việc dạy -  học khối  ngành Khoa học Xã hội nhằm góp phần làm tốt hơn mối quan hệ giữa thầy trò nói riêng, hoạt động giáo dục và đào tạo nói chung. Bài viết gồm hai phần: Một là đạo nhân của Khổng Tử trong Luận ngữ. Hai là vận dụng đạo nhân của Khổng Tử trong Luận ngữ vào việc dạy – học.
A STUDY ON AWARENESS ABOUT BREAST CANCER AND PRACTICE OF BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION AMONG ARTS AND SCIENCE STUDENTS, CHENNAI
Authors: A Jenifar Monisha. , Sarathi Sathiyalatha , Hemavathy V. , H Hema. V. , B Pandian , Nightingale Florence
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent forms of cancer affecting women globally, with significant implications for public health. This study aims to assess the awareness about breast cancer and practice of breast self-examination among arts and science students, Chennai.Methods: A study used cross-sectional study design. The sample size consisted of 100 students selected through simple random sampling. The Institutional Ethics Committee authorized this study. The inclusion criteria were students within the age group of 18–24 years, and the exclusion criteria included those with a history of breast cancer or prior formal training in BSE.Results: The study findings revealed that awareness levels among participants varied, with 50% showing moderate awareness, 30% mild awareness, and 20% adequate awareness. While 80% had heard of breast cancer and 70% were aware of Breast Self-Examination (BSE), only 30% had ever practiced BSE. Additionally, 75% believed BSE aids in early detection, but only 40% had been taught how to perform it. Half of the participants were unaware of breast cancer's risk factors and symptoms.Conclusions: The study concluded that while most participants are aware of breast cancer and Breast Self-Examination (BSE), many do not regularly practice BSE. Even though most know about breast cancer and its prevention, many lack understanding of key aspects such as risk factors, symptoms, and the importance of early detection.
Urinary Catheter Removal And Postoperative Outcomes In Caesarean Section: Insights Into Infection And Pain Risks
Authors: . Nurlaela , Farid Imam Ahmadi , Asni Sitti Nur , Sunarno Isharyah , Kouwagam Anggrainy Dwifitriana , Lotisna David
Published: February 2025

Introduction:After caesarean section (C-section) urinary catheterization is a routine practice to manage urinary retention, but its duration may affect patient outcomes, including the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) and pain levels. This cross-sectional study included 100 patients: 50 patients who underwent catheter removal 6 hours and 50 patients who underwent catheter removal 24 hours.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the duration of urinary catheter removal (6 hours and 24 hours) and the incidence of UTI and pain levels after C-section.Methods: A comparative analysis was performed in patients undergoing C-section, stratified by the duration of catheter removal (6 hours and 24 hours). The examination to find out whether a patient has a UTI is through urine culture and the pain variable was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) questionnaire. Results: The findings did not reveal a significant association between the duration of catheter removal (6 hours and 24 hours) and the incidence of UTI (P=0.643). However, a significant association was observed between catheter removal and pain levels (P=0.000). Conclusions: Shorter duration of urinary catheter removal after caesarean section was not associated with increased risk of UTI but was significantly associated with pain.
Normas para Autores
Authors: Investigando Revista
Published: February 2025

Se solicita a los autores revisar con atención estas pautas de presentación de articulos para su revisión.
Study of seasons dynamic in Kinshasa using time series of vertical columns of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde
Authors: Bakay Damien , Mbungu Jean-Pierre , Bopili Richard , Muanda Robert , Yombo Rodriguez , Zuka Baudouin , Muntumosi Mérite
Published: February 2025

The present work investigates seasonal dynamics by analysing time series of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde vertical columns in Kinshasa. The vertical columns were extracted from spectral images recorded by OMI for the nitrogen dioxide time series, and by TROPOMI for the formaldehyde time series. The methodology included moving average and Fourier transform analyses. The results show that the time series are made up of oscillation components with long periods, in excess of 500 days, on which oscillations with increasingly shorter periods are superimposed. Fourier transform analyses of the vertical columns of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and formaldehyde (HCHO) show that these compounds are strongly influenced by global climate phenomena such as ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) and QBO (quasi-biennial oscillation). These interactions reflect the sensitivity of NO₂ and HCHO to climate change and reveal complex oscillations, linked to biogenic and climatic cycles. In particular, short-period oscillations can be amplified by long-period forcings, creating multi-scale dynamics in the atmosphere. Consequently, anthropogenic biogenic phenomena in Kinshasa could affect both biodiversity and urban populations. Deforestation, for example, accentuates the recurrence of extreme climatic phenomena, notably heavy rains and floods, droughts and heat waves, air and water pollution, with consequences for the health of populations. The time series of these two compounds also show significant modulations that may be due to precipitation and local climate cycles. For example, the role of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in NO₂ production, and the solubility of these compounds in water explain their elimination during precipitation. The production and destruction cycles of NO₂ and HCHO are modulated by concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and ozone (O₃), as well as by short-term meteorological fluctuations, leading to micro-seasons in the dry and rainy seasons. The originality of the study lies in the understanding of climatic phenomena in Kinshasa. These are the physical and chemical interactions between soils, atmosphere, rivers and oceans that generate climatic cycles. A multitude of biogenic phenomena and activities combine with climatic phenomena to increase the impact on the environment.
Innovations en Analyse Phylogénétique : La Méthode Pyrecos
Authors: Mayoyo Sedard , Kilela Michael , Tshibuabua Paulin , Mwamba Jude , Mukendi Eugene
Published: February 2025

The phylogenetic analysis of homologous sequences is essential in molecular and evolutionary biology, allowing the understanding of relationships and the evolutionary history of genes and proteins. It relies on the similarities and differences between genetic sequences to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree. Its applications include the reconstruction of evolutionary history, inference of genetic functions, study of genetic diversity, medical applications, taxonomic classification, and evolutionary studies.
Traditional methods (cladistics, phenetics, probabilistic methods, and phylogenomics) have limitations in terms of precision and efficiency. Addressing these challenges, “Cosine Similarity”.offers a promising solution. Simple and fast, it uses dot products and norm calculations to evaluate distances between sequence vectors, capturing nuanced relationships and overcoming biases of traditional methods.
The objective of our study is to develop and evaluate a new phylogenetic analysis method named **Phyrecos** (Phylogenetic Reconstruction by Cosine Similarity), which uses cosine distance to construct a distance matrix and applies the Ward method to generate the phylogenetic tree. This approach aims to improve the precision and efficiency of phylogenetic analyses, especially for large genomic datasets.
Tracer Study on Bachelor of Science In Applied Statistics Graduates (1987-2006)
Authors: Lubrica Maria Azucena B. , Asprer Judith , Bawang Ederson G. , Beligan Salvacion Z. , Borje Josephine S. , Bua-ay Brenda O. , Buliyat Marcos A. , Chua Edna A. , Dongbo Rosaline D. , Dolipas Bretel B. , Domoguen Manuel L. , Lacamento Fitzgerald , Lubrica Joel V. , Maranes Lilian , Marrero Reynante S.
Published: February 2025

A tracer study on the graduates of Bachelor of Science in Ap­plied Statistics (BSAS) was conducted by the Math-Physics-Statistics (MPS) Department of the College of Arts and Sciences in Benguet State University. The Department had produced a total of 90 graduates from 1987 to 2006.
After two decades of existence, the researchers decided to undertake a tracer study to determine the extent of the graduates’ employability.
The study showed that 79% had been employed in various types of jobs but only 76% had jobs that were in line or related to their degree.
On the extent of “match” of BSAS graduates’ academic preparation with their job. This indicates that the match between academic preparation and their job description was moderate.
On the factors and the extent of their contribution to the employability of BSAS graduates, personality, communication skills and academic performance were rated as having a big contribution to their employability. The prestige of being a BSU graduate, the socio-cultural exposure at BSU, and ethnic affiliation had moderate contribution while high school graduated from and political backing were considered as having little contribution to their employability.
Lastly, the respondents considered that big improvement was needed for Library facilities, Physical facilities, Instruction, and BSAS curriculum.
Pampagtuturong Tungkulin sa Interaksyong Pangklase ng mga Guro Ng Wika
Authors: Palazo Maribel Z. , Dines Elvira G. , Tomas Dominga S. , Sison Myna B. , Batac-lao Ronda C.
Published: February 2025

Layunin ng pag-aaral na ito na matukoy ang pampagtuturong tungkulin sa interaksyong pangklaseng ginagamit ng mga guro ng wika at masuri ang persepsyon ng mga mag-aaral sa mga ito ayon sa kani­lang unang wika at kolehiyong kinabibilangan.
Batay sa kinalabasan ng pag-aaral, nanguna ang pagpapaunlad sa nilalaman sa mga pampagtuturong tungkulin; pangalawa ang pag­papadaloy; pangatlo, ang pag-uugnay at sumunod ang pagkokontrol, pagtutugon, pagbibigay ng positibo at negatibong pagpapahalaga.
Sa persepsyon ng mga mag-aaral ayon sa unang wika at kolehi­yong kinabibilangan, halos nagkaisa ang lahat na palaging ginagamit ng mga guro ng wika ang mga pampagtuturong tungkulin sa interaksyong pangklase.
Relationship Between Class Size and Students’ Academic Performance
Authors: Lubrica Maria Azucena B. , Buliyat Marcos A. , Dongbo Rosaline D. , Lubrica Joel V.
Published: February 2025

Benguet State University, particularly in the Mathematics-Physics-Statistics Department. Specifically, it aimed to: 1) determine if there is a significant difference in academic performance between students of smaller and bigger class sizes, and 2) determine if there is a significant relationship between class size and students' academic performance. The performance was based on the average of the final grades per class in the general education courses, particularly Information Technology (for the subject Basic Computer Education), Mathematics (College Algebra), Statistics (Priciples and Methods of Statistics), and Physics (General Physics 1). For each teacher in the Department, the final grades in the classes with the biggest and the smallest class sizes were used in determining significant differences in the academic performances of students in bigger and smaller class sizes.
Results indicated that in Basic Computer Education (Information Technology), one out of four teachers had a significantly lower students' average grade for the smaller class. In Mathematics, two out of four teachers had a similar trend. In Statistics, one ot two teachers had significantly lower students' average grade for the smaller class. For Physics, two out of four teachers had the same result.
In contrast, one Mathematics teacher had significantly higher students' average grades in her smaller class. This is also true for one Physics teacher. However, for each of the four subject areas, and using all the classes of each teacher, correlation analyses showed that in general, there was no significant relationship between class size and students' academic performance.
A Tracer Study of The Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science (bses) Graduates of Bsu
Authors: Gomez Jr. Romeo A.
Published: February 2025

The study was undertaken to appraise the employment status, curriculum as well as the advanced potential training needs of graduates of the BS Environmental Science (BSES) Program of the university. A survey was conducted from February 2004 to December 2005. Apparently, the employability of graduates was a 'little low' or probably 'not so high' because the expected market has not responded very strongly and positively to the availability of graduates in the field (supply side). Potential markets could be in the the ever-growing environmental degradation and resource depletion. There was a strong indication that students would be more prepared with the inclusion of an on-the-job training (OJT) scheme in the curriculum, aside from the conduct of a thesis. The offering of a graduate or advanced degree in Environmental Science and related fields is proposed.
Morphological Variations, Yield Performance, and GXE Interaction Analysis in Arabica Coffee Cultivars for Organic Production in Benguet
Authors: Tad-awan Belinda A. , Doco Joyce D.
Published: February 2025

The three-year evaluation of Arabica coffee cultivars for organic production in La Trinidad was concluded through exhaustive gathering of other morphological characters, cupping quality and reaction to pests in order to identify stable cultivars and recommend potential cultivars for organic production. Genotype x environment analysis through the AMMI model was done using the three-year green bean yield of the Arabica coffee cultivars. Correlation analysis was done for both in-situ and ex-situ morphological characters in Arabica coffee cultivars and accessions. Correlation analysis revealed significant and positive associations of green bean yield with weight of 100 bean seeds, seed length, fruit length and width, leaf width, and number of fascicles per axil, flowers per fascicle, fascicles per node and days from fruit setting to harvesting. Potential Arabica coffee cultivars for recommendation under organic production based on stability of green bean yield, resistance to pests and cupping quality are Granica Broad, Mondo Nuvo, Red Bourbon and MSAC Selection No. 1.
Growth and Yield Performance and Genotype X Environment Interaction of Cabbage Varieties Under Organic Production in Benguet
Authors: Tad-awan Belinda A. , Basquial Darwin A.
Published: February 2025

Five cabbage varieties viz Ace Green, Gladiator, Lucky Ball, Rare Ball and Scorpio were evaluated at representative locations in Benguet: Balili, La Trinidad (1,332 m asl); Bonglo, Atok (2,085 m asl); and Tulodan, Atok (2,330 m asl) following the Philippine National Standards (BAFPS, 2003) for organic vegetable production. Genotype x Environment (G x E) analysis was done on yield to determine stability of the varieties across locations and seasons using the Additive Main Effects Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model.
The cabbage varieties had varied performance in the different locations during the wet and dry seasons. The highest yielding, most stable and preferred cabbage varieties across locations and seasons were Rare Ball, Lucky Ball and Scorpio. These varieties are recommended for organic production in the three agro-ecological zones of Benguet.
Traditional Storage and Utilization Practices on Root and Tuber Crops of Selected Indigenous People in the Northern Philippines
Authors: Gayao Betty T. , Meldoz Dalen T. , Backian Grace S.
Published: February 2025

The indigenous people who reside on hills and mountains of the Philippines like the Ivatans, Isnegs, Kalingas, Tingguians, Applais, Bagos, Kankana-eys, Iyattukas, Ibalois, Kalanguyas, Bugkalots, Aetas and Mangyans are known as root and tuber crops growers and consumers. Unfortunately, there is lack of documentation and with the changing lifestyles of the younger generation, traditional root and tuber crops storage and utilization practices are at the risk of being forgotten, hence, this study. Secondary data gathering, interview-workshops with key informants and follow-up field visits were done to document and update information.
Indigenous peoples have no practices that prolong storage life of taro (Colocasia esculenta) and cassava (Manihot esculenta) though cleaned and washed. Taro corms and cassava storage roots can last for seven days if not mechanically damaged. For sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), some varieties are stored in wooden boxes for six to eight months. Harvested roots and tubers of greater yam (Dioscocrea alata), lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta), tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea), canna (Cannaceae) and yacon (Smallanthus sanchifolius) are stored for four to six months provided the roots and tubers are washed, cleaned and dried then kept in shaded area of the household. This can be in the rice granary, in a wooden bin or in a pit under the house or under the shade then covered or mulched with dried grasses, banana leaves and/or sacks. All kinds of edible storage roots and tubers are consumed simply as boiled or steamed, roasted and fried. On the other hand, chopped, sliced or mashed, dried, ground and fermented roots and tubers are used as ingredients in traditional dishes like guinataan, tupig, nilubyan, kisa, tapey, binobodan, nawnaw, saloposop, sukit and others which are used for various purposes such as substitute to rice as staple food, emergency food, viand, snack food, fermented drink, flavoring and to some extent for therapeutic purposes.
Exploring the Sexual Scripts of Adolescents
Authors: Kiwang Ann Heather B.
Published: February 2025

Discussions on matters of sex and sexuality continue to be a cultural taboo in Philippine society. This is in spite of the studies which reveal an incessant increase in cases of teen pregnancy in the Philippines. As an educational institution, schools must take an active role in helping students understand and deal with their sexuality issues. This study aims to provide a deeper knowledge and understanding on the sexual scripts of students. Using an open-ended questionnaire, the sexual desires and sexual behaviors of selected students enrolled in Social Science 12 were known.
Findings reveal gendered sexual desires among the students. Most of the females define their sexual desires within the context of a relationship or a potential relationship while males seem more inclined to define sexual desires in relation to sexual satisfaction. Male’s definition of sexual desires, compared to females, is more physiological than emotional. Furthermore, many of the female students have negative perception of themselves for experiencing sexual desires. Also, there is an apparent difference in the context within which male sexual behaviors occur compared to females. Most of the sexual experiences of males were triggered by porn movies or magazines they watched. Many claim to have felt proud and satisfied after a sexual experience. On the other hand, sexual experiences of females occurred mostly within the context of a romantic relationship. Some felt more loved and secure. Others felt disgusted and embarrassed.
Sex continues to be a cultural taboo in daily conversations in the family and in school. Religion remains a strong influence in the perception of the students about sex.
Tut-uya, as Customary Law Process in Resolving Administrative Cases at the Department of Education
Authors: Botengan Desiree F. , Faculo Soraya T. , Aplaten Maria C. , Cadsi Rufina D.
Published: February 2025

The framework of the study revolves basically around the idea that tut-uya, an indigenous  way of peacefully settling disputes, can be a potential scheme to be integrated and adopted as an Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) among the Indigenous Peoples schools in the Cordillera Administrative Region. This study presupposed that tut-uya processes impact speedy resolution of cases in schools. To understand the processes involved and the implications of tut-uya to the Alternative Dispute Resolution, descriptive qualitative research design was employed. There were eight selected respondents of the study based on snowball purposive sampling. Respondents had direct experience in using the processes of tut-uya in resolving administrative cases. Results showed that court and Civil Service Commission litigations were avoided by the respondents by using the tut-uya processes in resolving conflicts for school cases. The principles of restorative and transformative justice are reflected in the indigenous justice system practices and using the procedures of tut-uya is a viable mechanism in strengthening the implementation of Alternative Dispute Resolution at the Department of Education. Shared community values play a large role in resolving conflicts since among tribes, it is believed that an offense made to an individual is an offense made to the whole community.
Pre-Harvest Aflatoxin Contamination of Peanuts Collected from Regions I, II and Cordillera Administrative Region
Authors: Luis Janet S. , Agustin Floresca T. , Kemeriat Robert Jr. C. , Angeles Yolanda B.
Published: February 2025

Pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination is a priority concern considering the effects of combined pre- and post-harvest aflatoxin contaminations in peanut products. This can cause liver cancer and weakened immune system in humans, and high mortality and reduced productivity in livestock. It can be carried by cow’s milk to processed milk, cheese, and other dairy products (CAST, 2003). The study was undertaken to determine the presence of pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination in peanuts grown in Regions I and II, and the Cordillera Administrative Region. There were 165 peanut samples collected from standing plants ready for harvest in the farm (78), fresh in-shell harvests sold in the market (34), and just dried in-shell brought to the seed store (46) then deshelled ready for processing (7) to ensure that whatever aflatoxin detected is from pre-harvest contamination. Immunochromatographic test strips with 20 parts per billion (ppb) as cutoff limit showed that 7.88% had pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination. These were collected from farms and storage in Region I (4.24%) and Region II (3.64%). There could be some aflatoxin contamination below 20ppb in the samples considering the limitation of the test strip. Results therefore imply the need for appropriate management of pre-harvest aflatoxin.
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment in Selected Highland Areas of Benguet
Authors: Parao Marissa R. , Pablo Janet P. , Wagan Amparo M. , Garcia Jose Nestor M. , Medina Simplicio M.
Published: February 2025

Benguet, a uniquely temperate vegetable growing province is saddled with many climate hazards owing to its high altitude. Vulnerability to climate change of highland vegetables and strawberry-based agro-ecosystem was assessed in selected barangays of Poblacion, Tuba, Benguet and Puguis, La Trinidad, Benguet using the VAST-Agro tool. The VAST Agro-tool is a rapid participatory community-based climate change assessment instrument that uses a scoring method in evaluating exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity to climate change to determine vulnerability index. Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to or unable to cope with adverse effects of climate change including variability and extremes. Findings showed that both communities were vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Barangay Poblacion, Tuba had high exposure and sensitivity to the effects of landslides, frost, strong winds and hail storms. Livelihood sources like farming, vegetable trading, food processing and selling in markets were also more sensitive to these hazards despite the higher adaptive capacities of the residents. On the other hand, Barangay Puguis had higher exposure to typhoons and La Niña. More frequent and longer rain periods and typhoons caused greater damage to vegetables and strawberry crops. Residents from Puguis are relatively more resilient owing to other income sources that are less climate-sensitive like store keeping and employment in government and non-government entities.