bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Staff Motivation Strategies on the Productivity of Nigerian Banking Industry
Authors: Onyeukwu Pauline , Edet Ekere Nkoyo
Published: May 2018

The study critically evaluated the inadequacy or the inappropriateness of motivational strategies that have beclouded the banking industry subsector overtime which has led to the erosion of public confidence on banks. The methodological framework adopted for the investigation was descriptive survey design using correlational analysis. A questionnaire was administered to 125 respondents selected from three commercial banks which helps in generating the primary data while the secondary data was gotten from the internet, textbooks, journals, etc. The research instrument was face-validated, and a reliability test was conducted using Cronbach alpha coefficient (α), and the instrument was found reliable and acceptable for use. The research hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (r) aided by SPSS version 20.0. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between staff motivation strategies, the attraction of skilled labor force, labor turnover, fraud incidences in the banking industry and the organizational productivity. These negative tendencies have implicated the performance of the banking business leading to declining in organizational productivity which over time has eroded public confidence. The study concluded that the design of appropriate motivational strategies that can arrest these negative tendencies in the banking industry, therefore, becomes a matter of urgent attention.
The changes in social and demographic structure of large housing estates in post-socialist Poland and their main determinants
Authors: Szafrańska Ewa
Published: May 2018

Large pre-fabricated housing estates were erected all over Europe, however the political and ideological factors conspired to ensure that they developed on the largest scale in communist countries. Today, they continue to provide some 30–40% of the housing stock in this part of Europe. The present paper discusses the transformations of large housing estates in Poland 25 years after of the collapse of communism. The main purpose of the study was to identify the social and demographic changes in Polish large housing estates and to clarify the crucial factors underpinning them. The key questions were: (1) How the social and demographic structures of the large housing estates in Poland have changed since the collapse of communism? (2) What are the main determinants of these processes? (3) Whether the processes occurring in large housing estates reproduce the negative phenomena of social degradation observed in many Western European countries? The study is based on a review of the available literature concerning transformations of large housing estates in several of the large Polish cities and the results of the author’s own investigations conducted within Łódź – one of the largest cities in the country.
Slovak housing estates and the accessibility of the key amenities. Case study Banská Bystrica
Authors: Görner Karol
Published: May 2018

Housing estates, which have emerged during the post-war mass housing development, became the significant part of an urban structure of many cities across the eastern bloc. In Slovak cities, they still represent the major part of residential complexes. Housing estates usually ignored the original urban structure and isolated themselves declaring their independence from the rest of the city. In an effort to a strict functional segregation housing estates paradoxically became dependent on the traditional urban structure. The original plans of the housing estates mostly proposed the local centers with a relatively broad spectrum of amenities; however, these were often greatly reduced or unfinished under the pressure of solving housing problems. Since the functional mixing with an emphasis on the walking accessibility of the key amenities from the place of a residence is one of the important aspects of livable and sustainable neighborhoods, the questions arises: To what extent do housing estates provide the key amenities necessary for the everyday life of their inhabitants? Are they in this respect truly self-sufficient or fail to fulfill their original ambition? Answering these questions is important not only in terms of the evaluation of their quality but also for setting strategies for the further development of housing estates (for example, intensification). The goal of the paper was to examine the current structure of Slovak housing estates in terms of accessibility of the key amenities and the evaluation of the results from the perspective of the future development of housing estates. The research was carried out within 18 selected housing estates of varying size, nature and location within the city of Banská Bystrica (county city in Central Slovakia). The key amenities and optimal walking distances (radius of accessibility) were defined based on a comparison of existing researches and recommendations. Within the territory of housing estates, the percentage of overall coverage by key amenities (percentage of the territory of the individual housing estate with access to all key amenities in walking distance), the average percentage of coverage of the key amenities and the percentage of coverage of the selected key amenities were assessed. The results of the research demonstrate a large diversity of housing estates in terms of accessibility of the key amenities and their relation to other features of housing estates.
Evaluación ortóptica en pacientes sometidos a Lasik. Primera entrega
Authors: Segura Acevedo María Margarita
Published: May 2018

Antecedentes: la información publicada sobre el comportamiento binocular luego de cirugía refractiva es escasa. Varios profesionales coinciden en percibir que ocurre, después de la cirugía, un desajuste sintomático en los mecanismos de la visión binocular, información documentada en reportes de caso y series de casos sin poder estadístico. Objetivo: primario, determinar la frecuencia de cambios de función ortóptica, sintomáticos y asintomáticos, en el posoperatorio en ojos de pacientes sometidos a cirugía refractiva Lasik; secundario, explorar la existencia de asociaciones entre los defectos ortópticos posoperatorios y los hallazgos prequirúrgicos. Diseño: estudio observacional analítico, cohorte de 223 pacientes con edades entre 18 y 66 años sometidos a cirugía refractiva Lasik, en quienes se realizó valoración ortóptica antes y después de la cirugía. Medición: oftalmólogos, optómetras y ortoptistas entrenados midieron el defecto refractivo, la agudeza visual, la corrección realizada y obtenida, las complicaciones, los síntomas (salto renglón, inversión de letras, cefalea, inducción de sueño) y la función ortóptica (posición primaria, punto próximo de convergencia, Cover Test, acomodación, estereopsis y fusión) antes y después de Lasik. Resultados: la cirugía refractiva induce mejoría en el síntoma sueño al leer (28% P 0,00) mejora el punto próximo de convergencia (7,6 % P 0,007), el Cover Test (16% P 0,00) y la fusión (41% P 0,00). Disminuye la acomodación negativa en los no présbitas (20% P 0,009) y en los présbitas (38% P 0,0008) al comparar los datos del preoperatorio y del posoperatorio. Discusión: estos resultados, contrarios a los publicados por otros autores, muestran mejoría de síntomas y signos y disfunción de la visión binocular que debe confirmarse con estudios adicionales con mayor tamaño de muestra y seguimiento más prolongado.
Importancia de la valoración de sensibilidad al contraste en la práctica optométrica
Authors: López A. Yolanda
Published: May 2018

La evaluación de la función visual humana incluye la agudeza visual, el campo visual y la sensibilidad al contraste, este test puede ser utilizado como test de rutina cuando los logros del paciente no alcanzan los resultados esperados. El desarrollo de la sensibilidad al contraste en niños tiene una maduración importante los 3 primeros meses de edad hacia la mayoría de las frecuencias espaciales, logrando una función de sensibilidad al contraste equiparable con la del adulto aproximadamente a los 6 meses de edad. Aunque la sensibilidad al contraste (SC) puede tener un valor relativo para tamizaje y diagnóstico, se recomienda hacerlo como parte de la valoración funcional, especialmente en pacientes de baja visión o discapacidades múltiples, con test específicamente diseñados para ellos. La SC da una información útil, revelando algunas condiciones en las pérdidas de visión que no son identificables mediante los test de agudeza visual (AV), proporcionando un método de monitoreo de tratamientos y un mejor entendimiento de la interpretación de los problemas visuales encontrados en pacientes con alteración de la visión (Owsley, 2003).
Colombia y Costa Rica: enfoques de políticas en salud y resultados en el bienestar de la población infantil
Authors: Jiménez Barbosa Wilson Giovanni
Published: May 2018

La garantía del derecho a la salud de la niñez es atravesada transversalmente por las concepciones que cada Estado tenga respecto a su filosofía política, económica y la comprensión de lo social. En este sentido, Latinoamérica ha sufrido profundas reformas en sus estructuras de protección social desde finales de los años ochenta, debido a la influencia de los organismos multilaterales de financiamiento. Esto ha producido una homogeneización de los sistemas de salud y los programas de atención a la niñez, soportados en modelos de mercado; sin embargo, en algunos países, como Cuba y Costa Rica, han subsistido sistemas en los cuales el Estado mantiene modelos plena o principalmente públicos. Con base en los informes estadísticos que cada país presenta a la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, se pretende establecer un comparativo entre los resultados en la salud infantil de dos países con estructuras socioeconómicas cercanas, como Costa Rica y Colombia, pero cuyos sistemas de salud divergen, ya que el primero se basa en el monopolio del Estado y el segundo, en modelos basados en mercado. Para ello, se describen algunas variables sociales, las estructuras de cada uno de los dos sistemas de salud y los programas de salud infantil existentes, para continuar con los resultados de cobertura y epidemiológicos que se han obtenido en cada uno de los países. Finalmente, se plantea una discusión que trasciende lo que evidencian los resultados numéricos para dar una visión holística de lo que deberían ser las políticas de salud en niñez, no sólo soportada en los sistemas de salud, sino también en las condiciones de calidad de vida que pueden garantizar cada nación a estas poblaciones.
Comparación de los signos y síntomas con los niveles de IgE en lágrimas, en pacientes con conjuntivitis alérgica
Authors: Herrera Hilda Henny , Prada Pilar
Published: May 2018

Por muchos años la conjuntivitis alérgica se ha venido diagnosticando solamente de una manera clínica, teniendo en cuenta los signos y síntomas que presenta el paciente, sin ayudas diagnósticas complementarias que faciliten el diagnóstico preciso y certero, corriendo el riesgo de diagnosticar otras alteraciones patológicas como si fueran conjuntivitis alérgica, manejándolas como tal, sin resultados satisfactorios para el paciente. El objetivo del estudio fue diagnosticar la conjuntivitis alérgica de una manera cuantitativa por medio de la presencia de Inmunoglobulina E (IgE) en lágrima en pacientes con signos y síntomas de alergia ocular. Metodología: a 35 pacientes sintomáticos que acudieron al Instituto de Investigaciones Optométricas de la Universidad de La Salle, se les realizó examen optométrico y oftalmológico y determinación de los niveles de IgE presentes en lágrima por medio de la prueba Lacrytest. Se compararon los resultados con base en signos y sintomas que presentaban. Resultados: el 40% de los pacientes fue positivo a la prueba de Lacrytest. Los pacientes con conjuntivitis alérgica y niveles elevados de IgE se relacionaron con la severidad en los signos y síntomas, principalmente papilas, hiperemia, ardor, ojo rojo y prurito. Conclusiones: al hacer la comparación de la sintomatología entre los pacientes positivos y negativos para IgE, se observó similar sintomatología, lo que corrobora que es indispensable realizar pruebas confirmatorias, para llegar al correcto diagnóstico de la conjuntivitis alérgica en la mayoría de los casos.
Conjuntivitis alérgica, un problema visible en hospitales de Bogotá y Cundinamarca
Authors: Amaya Perozzo Claudia Xiomara , Rubio Rincón Gina Sorel
Published: May 2018

This descriptive research wanted to know prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis in two medical institutions in Bogotá and three in Cundinamarca from March 2006 to February 2007. 813 patients constitute the sample of this study. They attended to the optometry and ophthalmology consultations in the Rafael Uribe Uribe Hospital and Medical Center San Camilo in Bogotá, and to El Salvador Hospital in Unabté, San Rafael Hospital in Girardot and Mario Gaitán Yanguas in Soacha, these three in Cundinamarca. The data collection method was through the optometric examination during the months of the study in each one of the above mentioned hospitals, after the exam standardization. As a result, it was observed that allergic conjunctivitis prevalence was 21.8% in the group of age between 0 – 17, 18% in the group of age between 18 -35 and 9.8% in the group of age between 36 – 53 and women presented the highest prevalence with 15.5%.
Descripción de la metaplasia escamosa por citología de impresión en pacientes con ojo seco
Authors: Rodríguez Martha Fabiola , Juyo Alexander , Rojas Alberto
Published: May 2018

El ojo seco se caracteriza por una deficiencia en la cantidad o calidad de la película lagrimal, que conlleva a cambios histológicos en la superficie ocular como la metaplasia escamosa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el grado de metaplasia escamosa de la superficie conjuntival en pacientes con ojo seco, con diferentes grados de severidad clínica. Metodología: a 63 ojos de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de ojo seco, clasificados como leve, moderado y severo, y 20 ojos de sujetos sin patología ocular como controles, se les realizó citología de impresión en la conjuntiva bulbar temporal y nasal, con membranas de biopore (Millipore PICM012550). Las membranas se fijaron con etanol al 96% y colorearon con ácido periódico de Shiff- hematoxilina, y se montaron entre lámina y laminilla con Entellan. El grado de metaplasia escamosa se determinó de acuerdo al número de las células caliciformes (contadas con rejilla calibrada a 40X) y a los cambios morfológicos de las células epiteliales, utilizando la graduación de Murube y Rivas. Resultados: aproximadamente la mitad de los pacientes con ojo seco leve (49%) presentaron grado 1 de metaplasia escamosa, el 53,8% de los pacientes con ojo seco moderado presentó grado 2 y el 57.1% de los pacientes con ojo seco severo presentó grado 3. Conclusiones: el grado de metaplasia escamosa por citología de impresión es fácilmente evidenciado en pacientes con ojo seco moderado y severo contribuyendo a la confirmación del diagnóstico clínico y seguimiento de la enfermedad.
Uma descrição inicial do presente perfeito na Libras
Authors: Bertucci Roberlei Alves , Finau Rossana Aparecida
Published: May 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal descrever os modos de expressão, na Libras, de conteúdos denominados na literatura de presente perfeito. Considerando que a descrição de tempo e aspecto nessa língua já vem sendo feita há algum tempo, conforme se observa nos trabalhos de Felipe (1998), Finau (2004; 2008) e Silva e Lessa-de-Oliveira (2016), no presente trabalho pretendemos analisar um caso mais específico de composição tempo-aspectual, verificando de que forma diferentes leituras semânticas, expressas pelo chamado presente perfeito, conforme a descrição de Laca (2010), podem ser descritas na Libras. Para o trabalho, contamos com a análise algumas sentenças produzidas por falantes surdos e os dados coletados revelam que as diferentes leituras do presente perfeito são dadas por basicamente duas formas, o presente e o passado, condicionadas por diferentes fatores na composição da sentença, em especial o aspecto lexical e o contexto do momento de tópico.
High-Resolution Atmospheric Lead Pollution during the Roman Period Recorded in Belgian Ombrotrophic Peat Cores
Authors: Allan Mohammed , Pinti Daniele L. , Ghaleb Bassam , Verheyden Sophie , Mattielli Nadine , Fagel Nathalie
Published: May 2018

Two peat cores from two bogs were used to reconstruct high–resolution changes in atmospheric Pb accumulation rate (Pb AR) in Belgium during the Roman period. The two records were compared to assess the reliability of peat cores as archives of atmospheric Pb deposition and to established histories of atmospheric emissions from anthropogenic sources. To address these issues we analyze Pb concentration and isotopes, using ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS and MC-ICP-MS in two peat sections, spanning 1000 yr each. Lead concentrations in the two cores range from 0.1 to 60 μg g−1, with the maxima between 15 and 60 μg g−1. The average natural background of Pb AR was 0.005± 0.002 mg m-2 yr-1 and the maximum ranges from 0.7 to 1.2 mg m-2 yr-1 between 50 BC and AD 215. The highest Pb AR exceed the pre-Roman period values by a factor of 25-30. Pb isotopic composition indicates that mining and metallurgical activities were the predominant sources of pollution during the Roman period. The Pb AR and chronologies in the Belgian peat cores are consistent with those reported for other continental archives as lake sediments, peat and ice cores.
Spatio-Temporal Visualisation of Reflections from Building Integrated Photovoltaics
Authors: Schregle Roland , Renken Christian , Wittkopf Stephen
Published: May 2018

With the increasing adoption of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), concerns arise about potential glare. While recommended criteria to assess glare exist, it is challenging to apply these in the spatial and temporal domains and communicate the complex data to planning authorities and clients. In this paper we present a new computational workflow using annual daylight simulation, material modelling using bi-directional scattering distribution functions (BSDFs) and image-based postprocessing to obtain 3-dimensional renderings of cumulative annual irradiance and glare duration on the built environment. The annual daylight simulation considers relevant sun positions in high temporal resolution (15-minute timesteps) and measured BSDFs to model different PV materials. The postprocessing includes a relative irradiance visualisation comparing the impact of a proposed PV proportional to a reference material. It also includes a new spatio-temporal workflow to assess the glare duration based on recommended thresholds. We demonstrate this workflow with a case study of a proposed PV roof for a church, assessing the glare potential of two different PV materials. Our visualisations indicate glare durations well below the thresholds with satinated PVs, and in noncritical zones outside observer positions with standard PVs. Thus the proposed PV roof does not cause any disturbing glare.
aMolecular Insights into Stereoselective Binding of Quinuclidine-Triazole Derivatives to a7 and a3b4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Authors: Arunrungvichian Kuntarat , Sarasamkan Jiradanai , Schüürmann Gerrit , Brust Peter , Vajragupta Opa
Published: May 2018

An investigation on the selective binding of six quinuclidine-triazole enantiomeric pairs to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes, (S)-enantiomers for a3b4-nAChR and its (R)-counterpart for a7-nAChR, was performed in silico to provide the insight into the molecular basis for subtype discrimination of the quinuclidine-triazole enantiomers. The homology modeling and molecular docking analyses revealed that unique amino acid residues in the complementary subunit of nAChR subtypes are related to a high subtype selectivity profile. One non-conserved residue AspB173 in a complementary b4-subunit of the a3b4-nAChR binding pocket was found to be a primary determinant for the a3b4 selectivity of the quinuclidine-triazole chemotype as evidenced by the more pronounced enantioselectivity of (S)-enantiomers for the a3b4 nAChR, 47-326 times greater than its corresponding (R)-enantiomers. For (R)-enantiomers toward the a7 subtype, the interacting amino acid residues were the conserved TyrA93 and TrpA149 and TrpB55, leading to a lesser degree of stereoselectivity. The interaction with non-conserved amino acid residues in the complementary subunit of nAChR subtypes appeared to be the determinant for the nAChR subtype-selective binding, particularly at the heteropentameric subtype.
Institutional Settings and Changes of Common Pool Resources in an Agro-Industrial Food System: An Anthropological Study of Export Horticulture in Northwest Mount Kenya
Authors: Ngutu Mariah , Bukachi Salome , Olungah Charles Owuor , Haller Tobias
Published: May 2018

Agriculture is the backbone of Kenya’s economy, supporting up to 80% of the rural livelihoods. Kenya’s export horticulture is currently the leading Agriculture subsector in Kenya has evolved from small-holder farming to agro-industrial large-scale export farming dominated by multinational companies. It is regarded as an agro-industrial food system based on the economies of scale producing for mass markets outside of the production area. Much of the food consumed from this food system has undergone multiple transformations and been subject to a host of formal and informal insitutions (rules, regulations, standards, norms and values). An Anthropological study of export horticulture in Northwest Mount Kenya was carried out utilizing qualitative data collection methods in Northwest Mount Kenya region. Data was coded and analysed thematically based on grounded theory approach. The study described the institutional settings of export horticulture from an emic perspective as changing and defining the operations of the food system access and management of common pool resources, namely water and land. With the agro-industrial food system competing for these scarce resources in a semi-arid zone, there is potential for conflict and also reduced production and overall benefits to the different actors in the study area.
Statistical approach Based on Deep Neural Networks for Oscillometric Blood Pressure Estimation
Authors: Lee Soojeong , Chang Joon-Hyuk
Published: May 2018

Oscillometric blood pressure (BP) devices currently estimate a single point but do not identify fluctuations in BP or distinguish them from variations in response to physiological properties. In this paper, to analyze BP normality based on oscillometric measurements, we use statistical approaches including kurtosis, skewness, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and correlation tests. Then, to mitigate uncertainties, we use a deep neural network (DNN) to determine the confidence limits (CLs) of BP measurements based on their normality. The proposed DNN regression model decreases the standard deviation of error (SDE) of the mean error (ME) and the mean absolute error (MAE) and reduces the uncertainty of the CLs and SDEs of the proposed technique. We validate the normality of the distribution of the BP estimation distribution which fits the Gaussian distribution very well. We use a rank test in the DNN regression model to demonstrate the independence of the artificial SBP and DBP estimations. First, we perform statistical tests to verify the normality of the BP measurements for individual subjects. The proposed methodology provides accurate BP estimations and reduces the uncertainties associated with the CLs and SDEs based on the DNN regression estimator.
Temperature and Conductivity as Indicators of the Morphology and Activity of a Submarine Volcano: Avyssos (Nisyros) in the South Aegean Sea, Greece
Authors: Bakalis Evangelos , Mertzimekis Theo J. , Nomikou Paraskevi , Zerbetto Francesco
Published: May 2018

The morphology and the activity of a submarine caldera, Avyssos, at the northern part of Nisyros volcano in the South Aegean Sea (Greece), has been studied by means of remotely operated underwater vehicle dives. The recorded time series of temperature and conductivity over the submarine volcano have been analyzed in terms of the Generalized Moments Method. The findings of the mathematical analysis shed light on the volcanic activity, but also on the morphology (shape) of the submarine volcano. The conductivity time series indicates the volcano is at rest in agreement with other types of observations. On the other hand, temperature fluctuations, which in general describe a multifractal process, show that the submarine caldera operates as an open system that interacts with its surroundings. This type of analysis can be used as an indicator for the state of activity and the morphological structure (closed or open system) of a submarine volcano.
Assessment of the Makeability of T-welded Joints in 10 mm Thick TMCP Steel Using Laser Beam
Authors: Górka Jacek
Published: May 2018

The article presents tests aimed to verify the possibility of making T-joints in TMCP steel using laser. The tests involved the use of 10 mm thick high yield point steel S700MC obtained in an industrial manufacturing process. The joints made in the tests were single and double-sided. Subsequent non-destructive tests revealed that the joints obtained in the tests represented quality level B in accordance with PN-EN ISO 13919-1. Single-sided welding performed using the laser beam having a power of 11 kW enabled the obtainment of 8 mm deep penetration without visibly deforming the web of the joint. The double-sided welded joints were characterised by proper geometry and the presence of gas pores in the welds not compromising the requirements of quality level B (strict requirements). The weld structure was bainitic-ferritic. The weld hardness was by approximately 60 HV1 higher than that of the base material (280 HV1). The HAZ area was slightly softer than the base material. The tests of thin foils performed using a high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope revealed that, during welding, an increase in the content of the base material in the weld was accompanied by an increase in contents of alloying microagents Ti and Nb, particularly near the fusion line. The above-named alloying microagents, in the form of fine-dispersive (Ti,Nb)(C,N) type precipitates, could reduce plastic properties of joints.
Symmetric Logarithmic Derivative of Fermionic Gaussian States
Authors: Carollo Angelo , Spagnolo Bernardo , Valenti Davide
Published: May 2018

In this article we derive a closed form expression for the symmetric logarithmic derivative of Fermionic Gaussian states. This provides a direct way of computing the quantum Fisher Information for Fermionic Gaussian states. Applications range from quantum Metrology with thermal states to non-equilibrium steady states with Fermionic many-body systems.
A Review: Simultaneous Localization and Mapping in Application to Autonomous Robot
Authors: Agunbiade Olusanya , Zuva Tranos
Published: May 2018

The important characteristic that could assist in autonomous navigation is the ability of a mobile robot to concurrently construct a map for an unknown environment and localize itself within the same environment. This computational problem is known as Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). In literature, researchers have studied this approach extensively and have proposed a lot of improvement towards it. More so, we are experiencing a steady transition of this technology to industries. However, there are still setbacks limiting the full acceptance of this technology even though the research had been conducted over the last 30 years. Thus, to determine the problems facing SLAM, this paper conducted a review on various foundation and recent SLAM algorithms. Challenges and open issues alongside the research direction for this area were discussed. However, towards addressing the problem discussed, a novel SLAM technique will be proposed.
The Impact of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project on Rural Sustainability in Korea
Authors: Hwang Jaehee , Park Jonghoon , Lee Seongwoo
Published: May 2018

An imperative challenge emerges from the demand to construct a scientific method to recent agricultural and rural policies throughout the world. The objective of the present study is to conduct an ex-post quantitative evaluation of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project, a representative rural development project operated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, a central government agency in South Korea. The primary purpose of the project is to ensure sustainable rural society. This study found a moderate but significant positive impact of the policy in enhancing the standard of living in rural areas. The present study concludes with suggesting some policy implications and future directions of policy evaluation studies.
Relating Vertex and Global Graph Entropy in Randomly Generated Graphs
Authors: Tee Philip , Parisis George , Berthouze Luc , Wakeman Ian
Published: May 2018

Combinatoric measures of entropy capture the complexity of a graph, but rely upon the calculation of its independent sets, or collections of non-adjacent vertices. This decomposition of the vertex set is a known NP-Complete problem and for most real world graphs is an inaccessible calculation. Recent work by Dehmer et al. and Tee et al. identified a number of alternative vertex level measures of entropy that do not suffer from this pathological computational complexity. It can be demonstrated that they are still effective at quantifying graph complexity. It is intriguing to consider whether there is a fundamental link between local and global entropy measures. In this paper, we investigate the existence of correlation between vertex level and global measures of entropy, for a narrow subset of random graphs. We use the greedy algorithm approximation for calculating the chromatic information and therefore Körner entropy. We are able to demonstrate close correlation for this subset of graphs and outline how this may arise theoretically.
Glial Bridge Ecology: Cellular Mechanisms that Drive Spinal Cord Regeneration in Zebrafish
Authors: Schuster Corbin J. , Kao Robert M.
Published: May 2018

Zebrafish have been found to be the premier model organism in biological and biomedical research, specifically offering many advantages in developmental biology and genetics. This unique aquatic species has been found to have the capacity to regenerate their spinal cord after injury. However, the complete molecular and cellular mechanisms behind glial bridge formation in the central and peripheral nervous systems upon glial cell injury remains unclear. This review paper focuses on the molecular mechanisms and cellular processes that underlie spinal cord regeneration in four initial phases: proliferation and initial migration; migration and differentiation; glial bridge formation; and remodeling. We propose that within these four phases the cellular mechanisms that underlie spinal cord regeneration each express a terminating signal that aborts one step of the process and initiates the next. Specifically, future studies would be devoted to investigate transmitting signals in the spinal cord injury micro-environment in hope to contribute to the understanding of underlying cellular mechanisms by connecting each process of spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish.
Farmers’ Net Income Distribution and Regional Vulnerability to Climate Change: An Empirical Study of Bangladesh
Authors: Alamgir Md. Shah , Furuya Jun , Kobayashi Shintaro , Binte Mostafiz Rubaiya , Salam Md. Abdus
Published: May 2018

Widespread poverty is the most serious threat and social problem that Bangladesh faces. Regional vulnerability to climate change threatens to escalate the magnitude of this poverty. It is essential that projections of poverty be made while bearing in mind the effects of climate change. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the agrarian sub-national regional analysis of climate change vulnerability in Bangladesh under various climate change scenarios and its potential impact on poverty. This study is relevant to socio-economic research on climate change vulnerability and agriculture risk management and has the potential to contribute new insights to the complex interactions in household income and climate change risks to agricultural communities in Bangladesh and South Asia. The current study uses analysis of variance, cluster analysis, decomposition of variance and log-normal distribution to estimate the parameters of income variability that ascertain vulnerability levels and help us to understand the poverty levels that climate change could potentially incur. It is found that the income share in income sources revealed that income category shares across the various regions of Bangladesh are far from uniform. The variance decomposition of income showed that agricultural income in Mymensingh and Rangpur is the main cause of income difference. Moreover, large variance of agricultural income in the regions is induced by gross income from rice production. Additionally, constant reduction of rice yield due to climate change in Bangladesh is not such a severe problem for farmers, however, the extreme events like flood, flash flood, drought, sea level rise, and greenhouse gas emission based on RCPs could increase the poverty rates in Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Barisal, and Khulna regions that would be highly affected by unexpected yield loss due to extreme climatic events. Therefore, research and development of adaptation measures to climate change for regions where farmers are largely dependent on agricultural income is important.
Analisis Penawaran Jagung di Jawa Tengah
Authors: Setyowati Setyowati , Agustono Agustono , Maharani Marlisa
Published: May 2018

This research aims to analyze some factors that influence the corn supply in Central Java, and to analyze the corn supply elasticity in Central Java. The basic method used in this research is descriptive method. The location of this research stated with purposive, that is Central Java Province. And the data used in this research is secondary data.

The analysis results the value of adjusted determination coefficient that is 87,6% and F-test analysis results that F-count (18,632) is greater than F-table (3,79) means that all the independent variables used in this research, which are corn’s harvested area in the recent year, corn’s production in the previous year, corn’s price in the previous year, peanut’s price in the previous year, urea fertilizer’s price in the previous year and the average of rainfall along the plant time influence in the together to the corn supply in Central Java. The results of t-test shows that corn’s harvested area in the recent year, corn’s production in the previous year, corn’s price in the previous year and urea fertilizers price in the previous year variables are the significant influential independent variables to the corn supply in Central Java. While based on the partial regression coefficient value of the significant influential independent variables, it is found that the corn’s harvested area in the recent area year has the highest value (0,992), so this variable has the greatest influence to the corn supply in Central Java.

The corn supply elasticity in Central Java to the harvested area (0,948), corn’s production in the previous year (0,434), corn’ price in the previous year (0,709), urea fertilizer’s price in the previous year (0,161) in short-run is tend to be inelastic. While in long-run, corn’s supply is tend to be elastic to the corn’s harvested are (1,696) and corn’s price in the previous year (1,296). And corn supply is tend to be inelastic to the corn’s production in the previous year (0,777) and urea fertilizer’ price in the previous year (0,289).

The results of this research shows that the corn’s farmers in Central Java in planting corn take the decisions based on profit (profit oriented) and have high response of the changing of corn’s harvested area in Central Java.
Sikap terhadap Kesehatan Lingkungan Masyarakat Ditinjau dari Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi dan Tingkat Pendidikan
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: May 2018

The aims of this research is to answer the problem whether there are: 1) influence of the social economical condition of the village towards an attitude of the environmental health; 2) influence of the level of the educational background towards an attitude of the environmental health; and 3) interaction between social economical condition of village and the level of educational background in influencing an attitude towards environmental health. All the researches are applied to the Majaksingi society, Borobudur Sub District, Magelang Regency.

The survey method and sampling technique of the research is done by the method of multistage ramdom sampling. The instruments to obtain the data are: 1) questionnaire in the form of Likert scale to measure and attitude towards the environmental health; 2) poll to distinguish the social economical condition of village and the level of educational background of the society. The technique of data analysis is employing Two Way Anova, with Factorial 2x2 designs. Before the process of data analysis, there is a test of analysis requirement by employing Normality Distribution Sample Test and Homogeneity Varian Test.

Based on the research result, it is suggested that the social economical condition in less advanced village must be increased by applying the government program which cover the effort to increase the economical condition and to omit the negative social habits which can harm the environmental health. Beside that, the educational level of the society in isolated village in Menoreh Tenggara Majaksingi village must be given on opportunity to increase it. Only employing that way, their attitude toward enronmental health will rise up, and hopefully their environmental health will better. By knowing that there is no interaction between social economical condition of the village and the level of educational background, it indicated tha the theory of interaction cannot be applied to the two variables which have big influence towards the environmental health. The two variables do not depend on each other.
Kualitas Serbuk Gergaji yang Difermentasi menggunakan Jamur Trichoderma viride
Authors: Lutojo Lutojo
Published: May 2018

Amount of 18 bag sacks of sawdust have been used to know the influence of sawdust fermentation with Trichoderma viride on nutrition quality. Randomized complete block design of factorial 2x3 used as the experiment design in this research. First factor consist of 2 old level of ferment (10 and 20 day) and second factor consisting of 3 inoculums dose level (2, 3 and 4%). Variable observed are dry matter degradation, change of protein and fiber contains.

The result showed that dry matter degradation increased when inoculums dose and ferment time increased too. The most loss of dry matter got at 4% of inoculums dose (5,65%) and at 20 days ferment time (4,77%). The effect of inoculums dose is significant increasing protein containt. Highest increase got at 4% inoculums dose (169,12%) and the lowest at 2% (49,56%).

There are interaction influence from both factor to the degradation of fibre contains on sawdust fermentation. At all of used inoculums dose fibre contains downhill in line with the increasing of ferment time and inoculums dose. The lowest degradation obtained at 2% treatment combination.

Conclusion from this research is that more and more inoculums dose and time ferment hence more and more dry matter degradation, increasing protein and downhill fibre contains.
Lumpur Limbah Industri Alkohol sebagai Penyusun Konsentrat Pakan Domba
Authors: Widharto Damaryanto , Rianto Edy , Purnomoadi Agung
Published: May 2018

The present study was aimed to evaluate the use of ‘Lumpur-bahinol’ (sludge of alcohol industry) as feed for sheep on feed intake, daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. Twelve indigenous rams grouped into three consist of four were used in this study following Completely Randomized Design. Those rams were 8-10 months old, and average weight at 17,15 kg. The rams were raised in individual barn and were fed Napier grass ad libitum and commercial concentrate feed at 2% of body weight. The treatments were substitution of concentrate feed with ‘lumpur-bahinol’ in the rations at various level as follow, K5L0 (concentrate 2% BW+lumpur-bahinol 0% BW), K4L1 (Concentrate 1.6% BW+Lumpur-bahinol 0.4% BW) and K3L2 (concentrate 1.2% BW+Lumpur-bahinol 0.8% BW). These rations were adjusted to fulfill dry matter requirement at 4% BW. The result showed that inclusion of lumpur-bahinol in the ration tend to decrease total DMI (P=0.1105), being 815 and 809 g/d for K4L1 and K3L2m, respectively, compared to K5L0 (890 g/d). Similar tendency was observed in crude protein intake (P=0.1105), being 104,94 dan 92 g/d for K5L0, K4L1 and K3L2, respectively, as well as in gross energy intake (P=0.0999), being 13.3; 11.4 and 10.5 Mj/d, for K5L0, K4L1 and K3L2, respectively. This phenomena was in contrast with the digestibility that tend to increase (P=0.1056) as much as 0.96% (K4L1) and 2.80% (K3L2), respectively, compared to K5L0 (62.97%). Despite of feed intake tended to decrease as increasing lumpur-bahinol in concentrate, but the daily gain tend to be higher (P=0.1171) in K4L1 (65 g/d) and K3L2 (56 g/d) compared to K5L0 (53 g/d). Similar tendency was shown in feed conversion of K4L1 (12.5) and K3L2 (14.5) that better than of K5L0 (16.8). The conclusion of this study was lumpur-bahinol could be used to compose concentrate feeding up to 0.8% of body weight.
Anatomi Daun Beberapa Talas Liar (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott dari Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Dorly Dorly , Sulistyaningsih Yohana C
Published: May 2018

Leaf anatomy characters are commonly stable, however some of them can change because of environmental influence. Identification of those characters are necessary to be conducted by observing anatomical structure of the plants grown out side of the natural habitat. The objective of this research is to examine the stability of leaf anatomy characters of wild taro on their natural habitat and after planted in the dry field. Leaf anatomical observation was conducted by preparing paradermal and transversal sections. The result indicated that leaf anatomical character was the number of palisade layers of Ciju-2 and Jonggol grown out side their natural habitat was stable. Leaf anatomical characters of Ciju-2 collection were palisade thickness, sponge thickness, leaf thickness, stoma density on abaxial surface changed after planted on dry field. Whereas on Jonggol collection significant difference were found on papil height on abaxial surface, stomatal index on abaxial surface, and palisade thickness on dry field and natural habitat.
Dampak Kenaikan Tarif Dasar Listrik Terhadap Kinerja Sektor Pertanian di Indonesia dalam Jangka Pendek dan Panjang
Authors: Sahara Sahara
Published: May 2018

Increasing on electricity price by Indonesian Government in 2001 by 17.47% and 2002 by 24% not only has negative impact on industry sectors but also on agricultural sectors. This paper aims to analysis impact on agricultural sectors performance with using a Recursive Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model, namely “INDOF model”. The simulation indicates both in the short run and long run increasing on electricity price will reduce industry output, household consumption and employment in agricultural sectors. Besides that the policy will increase price of agricultural product. The negative impacts except household consumption are higher in the long run than that in the short run.
Pendekatan Permintaan dan Penawaran untuk Analisis Kebijakan Perberasan di Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Endang Siti
Published: May 2018

Productivity of the rice on Indonesia to depend of the more variables. Its variables include rice productivity on the farmer, the supply and demand prices, production cost, the farmers salary and the government policy. That are variables have to the effect on the increasing of the rice production and than to mullyflyer effect of the development acelrelation on the all aspect
Profil Degradasi Rumput Lapangan yang Disuplementasi dengan Bungkil Kedelai dan Daun Lamtoro
Authors: Widyawati Susi Dwi , Suprayogi Wara Pratitis Sabar
Published: May 2018

The esperiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary addition of feed supplement on ruminal degradation of native grass with nylon bag technique or in sacco technique. The trial was a completely randomized design experiment of a 4 replicates on 2 rumen fistulateed cattles. Native grass was added with 4 kind of seed supplements as a growth promoting feed supplement (GPFS) with different feeds composition, they were consist of iso Nitrogenous and iso Carboneous. GPFS A consist of soybean meal and ketepeng leaf, GPFS B consist of soybean meal and lemuru fish oil, GPFS C consist of Leucaena leaf and ketepeng leaf and GPFS D consist of Leucaena leaf and lemuru fish oil. Four ration were incubated in the rumen for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, and 72 hours. Both dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) disappearance of native grass were not significantly affected by different feed supplement. Also, DM, OM, and crude fiber (CF) during 72 hours incubation were not affected by addition of feed supplements. Four kind of feed supplements had the similar potential to improve the ruminal environment and ruminal degradation
Impacto econômico do mieloma múltiplo no sistema privado de saúde do Brasil
Authors: Pepe Camila , Asano Enzo , Senna Thais , Asano Elio , Rosim Ricardo
Published: May 2018

Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto econômico do mieloma múltiplo (MM) no sistema privado de saúde brasileiro. Métodos: A base de dados Orizon, uma base administrativa para fins de reembolso contendo dados de pacientes que realizaram procedimentos médicos em ambiente hospitalizar e ambulatorial, foi analisada retrospectivamente de jan./2013 a ago./2016. A base incluiu pacientes que foram diagnosticados com MM (CID-10 C90.0) durante o período de tempo mencionado e todos os procedimentos subsequentes realizados pelo paciente após o diagnóstico. Foram utilizados como critério de elegibilidade pacientes com MM tratados entre jan./2013 e jun./2015, com acompanhamento de pelo menos 365 dias, tendo pelo menos um registro durante esse período. Os desfechos foram expressos em custos médicos diretos (CMD) por paciente/ano, calculados como a soma dos gastos médicos por paciente divididos por pacientes-ano, por um período máximo de 12 meses. Os CMDs foram categorizados em exames, procedimentos, medicamentos (incluindo quimioterapia e outros tratamentos) e outros custos (materiais, gases medicinais, pacotes e taxas diversas). Foram conduzidas análises adicionais para quimioterapia e internações. Resultados: Dos 1.332 pacientes com MM, 973 atenderam ao critério de elegibilidade, sendo incluídos na análise. O CMD total foi de R$ 124.144 por paciente-ano, do qual R$ 66.757 (54%) são relacionados a medicamentos, R$ 45.474 (37%) a internações e R$ 11.912 (10%) a outros custos ambulatoriais. Um total de 3.050 internações foi identificado em 741 (76%) pacientes, com custo médio de R$ 23.151 por internação. Conclusões: O tratamento do MM representa impacto econômico significativo para operadoras de saúde. Custos de medicamentos e internações representam 90% do custo total.
Introduction
Authors: Bullock Julia C. , Kano Ayako , Welker James
Published: May 2018

This chapter outlines the purpose of the volume as a whole, which works toward the rethinking of feminisms in modern and contemporary Japan by, in some chapters, throwing light on writers, artists, activists, and laborers who have not typically been considered feminist, and, in other chapters, calling for a reconsideration of the dominant scholarly and popular understandings of specific activists, practices, and beliefs. The introduction also offers a brief history of feminisms in modern and contemporary Japan by way of providing a context for the chapters.