bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dialogue with the reader in the journalism of F. M. Dostoevsky (on the example of the article “The Case of the Dzhunkovskys with their own children”)
Authors: Besogonova Svetlana A. , Fedorova Elena A.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this article is analyze the methods of organizing the author's dialogue with his reader. the journalistic texts of F. M. Dostoevsky, taken from the "Diary of a Writer" for 1876 and 1877 are the material for this article. The article discusses the ideas of the dialogue of M. M. Bakhtin, Yu. M. Lotman and others and explains how the reader enters into communication with the author. In addition, the methods of organizing a dialogue with the reader in the journalism of F. M. Dostoevsky on the topic of child suffering are analyzed: the articles «Berries» (in the case of S. L. Kroneberg) and «A simple but complicated case» (in the case of E. K. Kornilova) are reviewed in detail, the article «The case of the Dzhunkovskys with their own children» is analyzed in detail. On the basis of the communicative analysis, the speech tactics used during Dostoevsky's dialogue with his reader are distinguished: the tactics of opposition, the tactics of concession, the tactics of generalization, and others, as well as different types of dialogical relations (agreement and disagreement), different vectors of the author's attention (the court, the Dzhunkovsky family, the reader) are described and features of autocommunication. In addition, parallels are drawn with Dostoevsky's literary text-the novel ”The Brothers Karamazov”: reflections on the episode about a child's tear are given.
The Lymphatic System: A Sometimes-Forgotten Compartment in Pharmaceutical Sciences
Authors: Yousef Malaz , Silva Daniela , Bou Chacra Nadia , Davies Neal , Löbenberg Raimar
Published: October 2021

The uniqueness of structure and physiology of the lymphatic system make it challenging to delineate all its contributions in the maintenance of our health. However, in the past two decades, the understanding of the importance of the function of this system has evolved and more appreciation has been drawn to the distinctive role it plays in health and disease. The lymphatic system has been linked to the pathophysiology of numerous ailments including cancer, various metabolic diseases, inflammatory conditions, and infections. Moreover, it has also been revealed that lymphatic targeted formulations can enhance the delivery of drugs through the lymphatic system to the bloodstream, bypassing the hepatic first-pass metabolism if taken orally, thus increasing the bioavailability, and improving the pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles in general. Engineering lymphotropic preparations requires the understanding of many factors, the most important one being that of the physiological environment which they will encounter. Therefore, in this review, we detail the basic structure of the lymphatic system, then highlight the therapeutic and the pharmacokinetic benefits of drug delivery into the lymphatic system. The criteria for drugs and formulations used for lymphotropic delivery are also detailed with a contemporary overview of various studies undertaken in this field.
India’s Law School Legal Aid Clinics: The Gaps Between Aspiration and Practice
Authors: Rajashree K , Bhardwaj Sonika
Published: October 2021

The law schools legal aid activities conducted through its clinics has come a long way in India especially since its inception in the early 1970’s. Its evolution has been gradual, intermittent and varied. Although The Bar Council of India (BCI) has mandated, establishing legal aid clinics as a pre-requisite for granting the necessary permissions before law schools start functioning, there are limited ideas of its purpose and objectives. An inherent lack of understanding its importance in terms of teaching, learning and research, the legal aid practices are largely left to the discretion of the individual law schools and interpretations of the individual faculty members. Combined with ideas heavily borrowed from the law schools in the US and individual experiences of the faculty members, legal aid practices in India are diversified. In the backdrop of this, the author intends to explore and map the aspiration of legal aid through an analysis of the key policy documents of legal education since India’s independence through an ontological framework. The ontology maps the aspirations of the legal aid clinics that was intended through these documents. Additionally, a case study of two important institutions have been taken as the case in point in order to verify whether the practices match such aspirations. Thereby, putting forth arguments that are critical for understanding the gaps between the aspiration and the state of reality.

Key words: Legal aid Clinics, Law schools, Clinical, Legal education, Social justice
The Open University Law School’s Public Legal Education in Prisons: Contributing to Rehabilitative Prison Culture
Authors: Lloyd Bright Keren , McNicholl Maria
Published: October 2021

There is a massive unmet need for legal knowledge in prisons. The Open University Law School, through its Open Justice Centre, has trialled various ways in which to meet this unmet need. Most prison-university partnerships in England and Wales follow a model of prisoners and university students being taught together as one group in a traditional higher education learning format. The Open University Law School’s public legal education in prisons follows instead the Street Law model to disseminate knowledge of the law throughout a prison, either through prison radio or through the work of the charity St Giles Trust. While this article confirms other research findings which evidence the personal benefit law students derive in researching and delivering audience-appropriate public legal education, it also considers the benefit for those imprisoned in the context of rehabilitative prison culture.
Micromechanical Behavior of Granular Soils Characterized by Acoustic Emission
Authors: Lin Wenli , Liu Ang , Mao Wuwei , Maqsood Zain , Koseki Junichi
Published: October 2021

The study of failure mechanisms from a microperspective demands a comprehensive understanding of the initiation and evolution of shear banding within granular materials. However, this topic is not fully understood due to the technical constraints in continuous quantification of the failure degree and visualization of particle interactions within soil specimens due to their inherent opacity. This paper reports the possibility of acoustic emission (AE) technique in characterizing the micromechanical behavior of saturated coral sands subjected to drained triaxial shearing. Results show that coral sand is less emissive than silica sands, while its AE rate forms concrete mathematic relations with soil mechanical parameters, which agrees with those revealed for silica sands. This allows soil mechanical parameters of coral sands that are difficult to be assessed in the field to be back-evaluated by acoustic measuring. The traced AE source locations confirm their spatiotemporal correspondence with the photographed appearance of deformed specimens, in which complex shear banding process, regarding the initiation and evolution, is traced. Three acoustic precursors are observed before the complete soil failure and are considered resulting from the structural variation that affects the emission and propagation of AEs, which hence could be used as indicators for early warning of soil’s instability.
Submarine Basaltic Magmatism in the Subbetic Basin (Southern Spain): Insights into Melt-Weakening Processes during Mesozoic Continental Rifting
Authors: Díaz-Alvarado Juan , Pedrera Antonio , Azor Antonio , García-Senz Jesús , Díaz de Neira José Alberto , Rodríguez-Fernández Luis Roberto
Published: October 2021

Mantle-derived volcanic rocks from the Subbetic hyperextended basin in SE Spain provide new insights into the composition and mechanical behavior of the mantle during continental rifting. The present study describes a sequential restored cross-section along with geochemical characteristics of the basaltic rocks interbedded within the Mesozoic succession of the basin. Sedimentary stacking patterns of minibasins above the mobilized salt reflect the relationships with coeval basaltic volcanism. We recognize two type localities on the basis of volcanic facies, the presence of shallow intrusive bodies, and age of the associated sedimentary formations. The first type corresponds to subaqueous pillow-lava flows and subvolcanic sills and dikes associated with Lower Jurassic marly limestones and Middle Jurassic oolitic limestones. The Jurassic basalts present enriched MORB compositions with moderate La/Sm and low Sm/Yb ratios. Interestingly, a significant group of this Jurassic basaltic magmatism departs from the typical MORB-OIB array, showing deep Nb-Ta negative anomalies and high Th/Nb ratios. The second type comprises subaqueous lava flows, also including pillow-shaped basalts interlayered with hyaloclastite deposits and Upper Cretaceous clays, radiolarites, and marly limestones. The Cretaceous magmatism is characterized by highly enriched MORB compositions. Furthermore, the moderate Sm/Yb values and the positive correlation between LREE/HREE and Zr point to the involvement of deep (Grt-present) mantle sources in the origin of the Cretaceous basaltic melts. We interpret the Lower-Middle Jurassic calc-alkaline signal as due to the partial melting of recycled crustal rocks within the upper mantle, i.e., associated with remnants of pre-Mesozoic subducted slabs. These characteristics are similar to those described in Triassic basaltic rocks widespread throughout the External Zone of the Betic Cordillera. Mantle-derived basalts interlayered within the Lower Jurassic syn-rift deposits indicate that melting and deformation within the lithospheric mantle was initiated early during continental rifting. Accordingly, we suggest that Early to Middle Jurassic mantle melts promoted failure within the upper mantle, thus contributing to the inception of lithospheric-scale shear zones, which, in turn, controlled the evolution of this magma-poor hyperextended margin. Subsequently, rift evolution gave way to the activation of deeper melt sources in the mantle and an increase of the alkaline signature at the Cretaceous time.
Celecoxib and Dimethylcelecoxib Block Oxidative Phosphorylation,
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Invasiveness in Breast Cancer
Stem Cells
Authors: Gallardo-Pérez Juan Carlos , de Guevara Alhelí Adán-Ladrón , García-Amezcua Marco Antonio , Robledo-Cadena Diana Xochiquetzal , Pacheco-Velázquez Silvia Cecilia , Belmont-Díaz Javier Alejandro , Vargas-Navarro Jorge Luis , Moreno-Sánchez Rafael , Rodríguez-Enríquez Sara
Published: October 2021

Background:

The major hurdles for successful cancer treatment are drug resistance
and invasiveness developed by breast cancer stem cells (BCSC).

Objective:

As these two processes are highly energy-dependent, the identification of the
main ATP supplier required for stem cell viability may result advantageous in the design
of new therapeutic strategies to deter malignant carcinomas.

Methods:

The energy metabolism (glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, OxPhos)
was systematically analyzed by assessing relevant protein contents, enzyme activities,
and pathway fluxes in BCSC. Once identified as the main ATP supplier, selective energy
inhibitors and canonical breast cancer drugs were used to block stem cell viability and
metastatic properties.

Results:

OxPhos and glycolytic protein contents, as well as HK and LDH activities were
several times higher in BCSC than in their parental line, MCF-7 cells. However, CS,
GDH, COX activities, and both energy metabolism pathway fluxes were significantly
lower (38-86%) in BCSC than in MCF-7 cells. OxPhos was the main ATP provider
(>85%) in BCSC. Accordingly, oligomycin (a specific and potent canonical OxPhos inhibitor)
and other non-canonical drugs with inhibitory effect on OxPhos (celecoxib,
dimethylcelecoxib) significantly decreased BCSC viability, levels of epithelial-mesenchymal
transition proteins, invasiveness, and induced ROS over-production, with IC50 values
ranging from 1 to 20 μM in 24 h treatment. In contrast, glycolytic inhibitors (gossypol, iodoacetic
acid, 3-bromopyruvate, 2-deoxyglucose) and canonical chemotherapeutic drugs
(paclitaxel, doxorubicin, cisplatin) were much less effective against BCSC viability
(IC50> 100 μM).

Conclusion:

These results indicated that the use of some NSAIDs may be a promising alternative
therapeutic strategy to target BCSC.
Isolation, Docking and In Silico ADME-T Studies of Acacianol: Novel Antibacterial Isoflavone Analogue Isolated from Acacia leucophloea Bark
Authors: Singla Rajeev K. , Gupta Rajesh , Joon Shikha , Gupta Arun K. , Shen Bairong
Published: October 2021

Background:

The plant Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. of the family Fabaceae is of paramount
importance in Indian medicine.

Objectives:

We sought to evaluate the in vitro anti-microbial activity of A. leucophloea stem bark extract together
with its phytochemical characterization and exploration of drug-likeness attributes.

Methods:

In vitro Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion and tube-dilution assays were exploited for determining the
anti-microbial activity of the methanolic bark extracts against several bacterial test strains. Spectral characterization
of the isolated phytoconstituents was performed using spectroscopy techniques viz., UV, IR, 1H
NMR, and mass spectroscopy followed by the in silico studies like docking and ADME-T studies.

Results:

The crude methanolic extracts were active against all the bacterial test strains, albeit weakly or moderately,
as indicated by the zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration in the anti-microbial assays.
The isolated phytoconstituent was identified to be 3-(3,4-dihydro-5-methoxy-2H-chromen-6-yl)-2,5-
dimethoxy-2H-chromen-7-ol (hereby coined as acacianol), a novel isoflavone analog. Acacianol demonstrated
a strong binding affinity towards the bacterial DNA gyrase over clorobiocin, especially in the case of
cavity 4 with no predicted toxicities in silico, except skin sensitization and chromosome damage.
Unlocking Allelic Diversity for Sustainable Development of Salinity Stress
Tolerance in Rice
Authors: Raghuvanshi Rishiraj , Srivastava Ashish Kumar , Verulkar Satish , Suprasanna Penna
Published: October 2021

:

Rice is a major cereal crop, negatively impacted by soil-salinity, both in terms of plant
growth as well as productivity. Salinity tolerant rice varieties have been developed using conventional
breeding approaches, however, there has been limited success which is primarily due to the
complexity of the trait, low yield, variable salt stress response and availability of genetic resources.
Furthermore, the narrow genetic base is a hindrance for further improvement of the rice varieties.
Therefore, there is a greater need to screen available donor germplasm in rice for salinity tolerance
related genes and traits. In this regard, genomics based techniques are useful for exploring new
gene resources and QTLs. In rice, the vast allelic diversity existing in the wild and cultivated germplasm
needs to be explored for improving salt tolerance. In the present review, we provide an
overview of the allelic diversity in the Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) like Saltol, qGR6.2, qSE3
and RNC4 as well as genes like OsHKT1;1, SKC1 (OsHKT1;5/HKT8) and OsSTL1 (salt tolerance
level 1 gene) related to salt tolerance in rice. We have also discussed approaches for developing
salt-tolerant cultivars by utilizing the effective QTLs or genes/alleles in rice.
A Mechanistic Review on Plant-derived Natural Inhibitors of Human
Coronaviruses with Emphasis on SARS-COV-1 and SARS-COV-2
Authors: Durairajan S.S.K. , Guguloth S.K. , Lakshmi A.R. , Rajendran R. , Rajaram K. , Chinnasamy T. , Huang J.-D. , Zhang H. , Senapati S.
Published: October 2021

:

Coronaviruses have been receiving continuous attention worldwide as they have caused
a serious threat to global public health. This group of viruses is named so as they exhibit characteristic
crown-like spikes on their protein coat. SARS-CoV-2, a type of coronavirus that emerged
in 2019, causes severe infection in the lower respiratory tract of humans and is often fatal in immunocompromised
individuals. No medications have been approved so far for the direct treatment
of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the currently available treatment options rely on relieving the symptoms.
The medicinal plants occurring in nature serve as a rich source of active ingredients that
could be utilized for developing pharmacopeial and non-pharmacopeial/synthetic drugs with antiviral
properties. Compounds obtained from certain plants have been used for directly and selectively
inhibiting different coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. The present
review discusses the potential natural inhibitors against the highly pathogenic human coronaviruses,
with a systematic elaboration on the possible mechanisms of action of these natural compounds
while acting in the different stages of the life cycle of coronaviruses. Moreover, through a
comprehensive exploration of the existing literature in this regard, the importance of such compounds
in the research and development of effective and safe antiviral agents is discussed. We focused
on the mechanism of action of several natural compounds along with their target of action.
In addition, the immunomodulatory effects of these active components in the context of human
health are elucidated. Finally, it is suggested that the use of traditional medicinal plants is a novel
and feasible remedial strategy against human coronaviruses.
Association of Newly Diagnosed Hypertension and Polypharmacy with
Frailty in a Tertiary Hospital Patients from Maracaibo City, Venezuela
Authors: Salazar Juan , Borges Isabel , Rivas-Motenegro Alejandra , Villasmil-Hernandez Nelson , Nava Manuel , Añez Roberto
Published: October 2021

Background:

As a syndrome of physiological vulnerability and multifactorial progressive
decline tightly related to age, frailty has been associated with several illnesses, and in particular
cardiovascular disease.

Objective:

To assess the factors associated with the frailty syndrome in older adults evaluated in
the outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital from Maracaibo city, Venezuela.

Materials and Methods:

An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was performed on subjects
of both genders, over 60 years old that went to the Internal Medicine outpatient clinic of the
Hospital General del Sur “Dr. Pedro Iturbe” from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Sampling was performed
via a non-probabilistic, intentional method. For each subject with frailty or pre-frailty, a
control subject was selected in a 1:1 ratio according to gender; several risk factors were interrogated.
The state of frailty was determined through the FRAIL scale.

Results:

Of the 201 assessed patients, 49.3% (n=99) were non-frail, 19.9% (n=40) were pre-frail
and 30.8% (n=62) were frail. The population's overall age was 68.8±6.8 in non-frails, 69.1±7.7 in
pre-frails, and 68.6±7.1 in frails. In the multivariate analysis, subjects with frailty and pre-frailty
were most likely to be receiving polypharmacy (OR: 2.36, CI95%: 1.05-5.37; P=0.04) and have hypertension
during the study (OR: 10.19, CI95%: 3.86-26.89; P<0.01).

Conclusion:

The newly diagnosed hypertension and presence of polypharmacy were the factors
most associated with frailty and pre-frailty in older adults evaluated in a tertiary hospital from
Maracaibo city, Venezuela.
MRI-Negative Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy can Benefit from Stereotactic
Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation Applied to the Amygdalohippocampal
Complex
Authors: Zhang Wenqian , Wang Jia , Zhao Quanjun , Wang Tao , Wang Peixin
Published: October 2021

Background:

Seizure control (SC) is often poor in cases of magnetic resonance imaging-
negative epilepsy after resection surgery.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of depth-electrode-guided stereotactic
radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) applied to the amygdalohippocampal complex
(AHC) for the treatment of patients with MRI-negative medial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Methods:

A total of 62 cases with magnetic resonance imaging-negative medial temporal lobe
epilepsy were retrospectively studied after the application of depth-electrode-guided RFTC to the
AHC. Single-target coagulations were applied to all patients, and multi-target coagulations were applied
to those patients who did not experience significant reductions in discharges after the first target
ablation. Bilateral-target coagulations were applied to bilateral medial temporal lobe epilepsy
patients, using single target ablation applied to each side.

Results:

After 24-83 months of follow-up, 32/62 (51.61%) patients became seizure-free, and 35/62
(56.45%) patients reported significant reductions in seizure episodes. The total effective rate was
69.35% (43/62). No significant differences were observed for SC among the single-target, multi-target,
and bilateral-target groups. However, a significant difference was observed for the reduction in
epileptic discharges after coagulations between those patients who became seizure-free and those
who did not. Magnetic resonance imaging-negative medial temporal lobe epilepsy patients can benefit
from RFTC applied to the AHC. A significant reduction in epileptic discharges observed during
operations after RFTC is applied may predict good SC.

Conclusion:

RFTC applied to the AHC could be considered a promising method for the treatment
of magnetic resonance imaging-negative medial temporal lobe epilepsy patients.
Digital Storytelling for Health-Related Outcomes in Older Adults: Systematic Review
Authors: Stargatt Jennifer , Bhar Sunil , Bhowmik Jahar , Al Mahmud Abdullah
Published: October 2021

Background

Older adults face a unique set of challenges and may experience a range of psychological comorbidities. Digital storytelling is an emerging tool for sharing and recording lived experiences and may have the potential to support well-being but is yet to be systematically reviewed for use among older adults.

Objective

The aim of this review is to examine the methods for creating digital stories, the health-related outcomes associated with creating digital stories, and the potential for implementing digital storytelling with older adults.

Methods

We systematically searched electronic databases to identify articles published in English that reported on at least one health-related outcome of digital storytelling for participants aged ≥60 years. Data were extracted and synthesized using qualitative content analysis and summarized in tables. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results

A total of 8 studies were included in the review. Participants were primarily community-dwelling older adults living with dementia, involving family caregivers and professional care staff. Studies have taken various approaches to digital storytelling and reported diverse benefits associated with digital storytelling, including improvements in mood, memory, social engagement, and quality of relationships. Although the potential for implementation was not widely examined, some studies have presented evidence for acceptability and feasibility. Generally, studies were of high quality, despite the absence of comparator groups and confounder analyses.

Conclusions

The evidence reviewed suggests that despite the various approaches taken, digital storytelling shows promise as an effective approach for supporting well-being in older adults.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42019145922; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019145922

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/15512
Speed of Light Constant
Authors: Patel Gaurav Singh
Published: October 2021

Abstract – I have a question that “is speed of light is a constant in all over universe” if yes then I have seen its all properties but I have found that the speed of light is not constant in all over universe as time is relative same as speed of light is also relative, so in this research paper I have proved that speed of light is relative and I have given a new formula for varying speed of light. Keywords- speed of light constant, gaurav singh patel gravity, gaurav singh patel, mystery of speed of light, speed of light
Voice Assistant based Movie Recommendation System utilizing User Filtered Correlation Factor
Authors: Vadloori Karthik Babu
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The project deals with the idea of a Movie Recommendation System, which itself is one of the key tools being deployed across various OTT and Social Media platforms that serve the purpose of engaging a customer of a particular service to stick to their platform service by consuming more relevant content. Primarily the crucial factor to boost the momentum of the Recommendation Systems date back to the emergence of Search Engines (as a part of everyday lives). These search engines make use of multiple algorithms to page and derive the useful results by indexing every page of a hosted/ live site. Due to these technological advancements, there has been a burgeoning of data, which is being generated at every mill-second from numerous streams and multitudes across various fields. While the utility of platforms - like the afore mentioned - give rise to Historical Data, where the behavioural traits of multiple users give scope to Clustering upon a set of distinct characteristics. One such method to suggest (or) recommend movies to online users is to utilize the already available historical data. Within its entirety the Recommendation Systems have become one of the most prominent tools within the Machine Learning framework, serving various industries and sectors. Our project uses the already available Historical Data downloaded from Kaggle and develops the Voice Assisted Approach to feed input to our Movie Recommendation System. Keywords: Movie Recommendation System, User-based Collaborative Filtering, Voice Assistant, Pearson’s Correlation, Historical Data, Speech Recognition, Tkinter, Data Visualization
RFID Based Marathon Tracking System
Authors: Dabhade Rishit Hemant
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The most daunting task in any type of marathon running event is the correct, impartial tracking and positioning of participating athletes. Notwithstanding the tens of thousands of marathon runners congregating at the starting point of the race, this system accurately tracks the chip-time of each and every runner thus providing the organizers with fair and exact results at the end of the event. All this technological leap in race timing is only possible via Radio-frequency identification (RFID). This cost-effective marathon tracking system implements disposable passive RFID tags on the bibs of the marathon runners to track their chip-time as soon as they pass the starting point of the race where the UHF RFID reader is positioned. Keywords: RFID, Marathon, Arduino Uno, UHF, Passive RFID tag, chip-time.
Factors For Improving the Professional and Physical Training of Students of The Faculty of Military Education
Authors: Tursinovich Hasanov Ahadjon
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The article examines the introduction of pedagogical technologies in the educational process of vocational and physical training in the training of specialists in the field of conscription in specialized faculties of higher humanitarian education. Keywords and phrases: pedagogical technology, innovation, structure, military skills, concept, motivation, methodology.
On the Construction of a Variational Principle for a Certain Class of Differential-Difference Operator Equations
Authors: Kolesnikova I. A.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of variational principles for a given first-order differential-difference operator equation with a special form of the linear operator P(t) depending on t and the nonlinear operator Q. Under the corresponding conditions the functional is constructed. These conditions are obtained thanks to the well-known criterion of potentiality. Examples show how the inverse problem of the calculus of variations is constructed for given differentialdifference operators.
On Calculation of the Norm of a Monotone Operator in Ideal Spaces
Authors: Bakhtigareeva E. G. , Goldman M. L.
Published: October 2021

This paper contains the proof of general results on the calculation of the norms of monotone operators acting from one ideal space to another under matching convexity and concavity properties of the operator and the norms in ideal spaces.
On Generalized Solutions of the Second Boundary-Value Problem for Differential-Difference Equations with Variable Coefficients
Authors: Skubachevskii A. L. , Ivanov N. O.
Published: October 2021

We consider the second boundary-value problem for a second-order differential-difference equation with variable coefficients on the interval (0,d). We investigate the existence of a generalized solution and obtain conditions on the right-hand side of the equation which ensure the smoothness of generalized solutions on the entire interval (0,d).
Performance Analysis of Combination of CNN-based Models with Adaboost Algorithm to Diagnose Covid-19 Disease
Authors: DARICI Muazzez Buket
Published: October 2021

At the end of 2019, Covid-19, which is a new form of Coronavirus, has spread widely all over the world. With the increasing daily cases of this disease, fast, reliable, and automatic detection systems have been more crucial. Therefore, this study proposes a new technique that combines the machine learning algorithm of Adaboost with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to classify Chest X-Ray images. Basic CNN algorithm and pretrained ResNet-152 have been used separately to obtain features of the Adaboost algorithm from Chest X-Ray images. Several learning rates and the number of estimators have been used to compare these two different feature extraction methods on the Adaboost algorithm. These techniques have been applied to the dataset, which contains Chest X-Ray images labeled as Normal, Viral Pneumonia, and Covid-19. Since the used dataset is unbalanced between classes SMOTE method has been used to make the number of images of classes balance. This study shows that proposed CNN as a feature extractor on the Adaboost algorithm(learning rate of 0.1 and 25 estimators) provides higher classification performance with 94.5% accuracy, 93% precision, 94% recall, and 93% F1-score.
Näkökulmia variationistiseen sosiolingvistiikkaan
Authors: Laasanen Mikko
Published: October 2021

Mikko Laasasen suomen kielen alaan kuuluva väitöskirja tarkastettiin Tampereen yliopistossa torstaina 17. kesäkuuta 2021. Vastaväittäjänä toimi dosentti Tommi Kurki Turun yliopistosta ja kustoksena professori Anneli Pajunen Tampereen yliopistosta.
Laasanen, Mikko: Meneillään oleva kielenmuutos ja kielellinen vaihtelu. Variationistisen sosiolingvistiikan teoriaa. Tampereen yliopiston väitöskirjat 429. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto 2021. Kirja on luettavissa osoitteessa http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-03-1992-2
Financing of Agricultural Enterprises by Microfinance Banks in Orlu Agricultural Zone of Imo State, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Nwosu F. O. , Ibeagwa O. , Anene H. U. , Anyiam K. H. , Isaiah G. I.
Published: October 2021

This study was conducted to identify and investigate the problems and constraints encountered by Agricultural enterprises owners (i.e., loan beneficiaries) in obtaining loan from microfinance Banks in Orlu Agricultural zone in Imo State, Nigeria. A representative sample was selected through multistage sampling technique. Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of sixty (60) Agricultural enterprises owners who obtained loan from microfinance banks were selected for the study. The results of data analyzed showed that majority of the loan beneficiates are married, fairly experienced, illiterate, have small farm size, used family labour in their farm enterprises, middle-aged, operated at subsistence level of production and obtained loan between (N10, 000 – N 200,000). Further analysis revealed that high interest rate was one of the most pressing problem that the agricultural enterprises owners encountered in obtaining loan from microfinance banks in the area. It was recommended that less burdensome administrative procedures, review of interest rates charged on loan requested, increase in sensitization activities by stakeholders in the Agricultural sector, more effective screening, follow-up operations and mentioning operation as well as launching an initiative tagged “loan plus” specially coordinated to solve these problems and constraints of the loan beneficiaries in the area.
Researching the Social Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Students in Greece
Authors: Diamanti K. , Nikolaou S. M.
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed the lives of people around the world, causing constraints, pressures, and deviations from habits as well as necessary survival activities. Its sweeping and leveling character has not left unaffected any part or any structure of our society, above all education. The lockdown and social alienation imposed on people as measures to stop the transmission of the disease has caused social, cognitive, and psychosomatic consequences, especially in the student world. This is not only because the learning process was initially interrupted and then replaced with distance education but also because students’ social activity and social life changed radically. We consider in the present research the social impact of the pandemic as a benefit or a disadvantage in terms of students' social distancing, and their assessment of the difficulties and deprivations they experienced in order of precedence, as well as their views on dealing with the negative consequences of lockdown and social distancing. We aim to conduct a scientific discussion of the conclusions regarding the conditions created for young people in the context of lockdown and isolation and the views of young people on how to deal with the consequences of the pandemic.
PENGARUH FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI, STRESSOR, DAN STRATEGI KOPING LANSIA TERHADAP STRES LANSIA SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Krisnatuti Diah , Latifah Eka Wulida
Published: October 2021

Lansia yang mengalami kondisi stres akan berdampak pada kualitas sumber saya manusia di Indonesia. Pandemi Covid-19 mengakibatkan beragam perubahan yang mengakibatkan munculnya stres, termasuk pada kelompok lanjut usia (lansia). Kondisi stres yang dialami oleh lansia dapat memengaruhi kualitas lansia di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik sosial ekonomi, stressor, strategi koping, dan praktek koping terhadap stres pada lansia selama masa pandemi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitiatif dengan desain cross sectional study yang melibatkan 210 responden berusia lansia. Pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan uji tabulasi silang dan uji regresi. Responden perempuan dalam penelitian ini lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan responden laki-laki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari separuh responden berpendidikan tinggi yaitu tamat Perguruan Tinggi (PT). Lansia dalam penelitian ini mengalami tingkat stres dengan kategori yang rendah sebanyak 93,3 persen meskipun jumlah stres yang dialami akibat pandemi cukup banyak yakni sebanyak 22,9 persen. Stategi koping dan praktek koping yang dilakukan sudah sangat baik dilakukan oleh lansia dalam penelitian ini. Temuan menariknya adalah lansia yang menikah lebih banyak mengalami stres kategori tinggi. Hasil uji regresi juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang memengaruhi stres pada lansia secara signifikan selama masa pandemi ialah adalah usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, dan sumber stres. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankankan perlunya keterlibatan dan dukungan keluarga pada keluarga yang memiliki anggota keluarga berusia lansia.
PROBLEMS, STRESS, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND COPING STRATEGIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CASE OF INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE STUDENTS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Defina Defina , Rizkillah Risda
Published: October 2021

Covid-19 has an impact on various areas of life in all walks of life. This condition also has an impact on students, especially in their education. This study aimed to analyze the effect of problems, stress levels, and social support on the coping strategies of international students in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study used a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach—data were collected for two months, June-July 2020. The sample of this study was 88 foreign nationals who studied in Indonesia during the Covid-19 period. Findings, students had difficulty taking distance lectures because of weak signals and limited internet quota. Coping strategies used by this research sample in dealing with problems were spiritual support and rebuilding communication with family and friends online. The primary support in solving problems was family, especially parents. More than half of students fell into an average level of stress. The regression test results showed that income had a significant positive effect on coping strategies. This research implication suggests that the findings can be used to understand problems, stress levels, and coping strategies carried out by students during the Covid-19 pandemic to help stakeholders develop programs and policies related to learning problems during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Assessment and mapping of the agro-ecological risk in the Mina plain (northwestern Algeria): Soil salinity and irrigation water quality
Authors: Berkane Ibrahim , Boulenouar Houari , Bekhadda Youcef , Gacem Farid , Douaoui Abdelkader , Larid Mohamed , Benabdeli Khelloufi
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study is to contribute in assessing and mapping of the salinity risks level of soil and groundwater for irrigation in the Mina plain. The experimentation was carried out on a surface area of 4000 ha. Electromagnetic conductivity (EM) measurements and soil and well water samples were taken and analysed. The results showed an important spatial variability of the electrical conductivity (EC) of saturated paste extracts (ECe), which varied between 1.35 and 28.8 dS/m. The isovalues map of ECe was estimated by the regression equation and interpolated by the ordinary kriging (OK) method which showed that the area of saline soils (ECe > 4 dS/m) represented 90% of the study area. The results also showed poor to unsuitable well water quality. To find the risk of salinity and sodium, the water points were classified as C3S3 (2.5%), C4S2 (5%), C4S3 (30%) and C4S4 (62.5%). Spatial distribution maps of total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity of water (ECw) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) interpolated by inverse distance weighting (IDW) showed too high risk levels of ECw (>5000 μS/cm) and TDS (>3000 mg/l) occupying a large wellfield (70%); with regard to SAR (>18), 36% of the groundwater had a high risk of sodium. These results showed that the choice of tolerant crops, redevelopment of drainage systems and irrigation with less saline water should be designed for the sustainability of soil productivity and agro-ecosystems.
Study of the dynamics of vegetation cover by satellite images: Case of El Kala National Park (Algeria)
Authors: Khallef Boubaker , Brahamia Khaled , Oularbi Abdelrazzek
Published: October 2021

In recent years, wetlands in Algeria have experienced a significant deterioration in the natural quality of the landscapes that compose them. This is the case of the El Kala National Park in the far northeast of Algeria. The state of degradation of the open plant of this park is urgently to look at the state of the art in the face of multiple threats that affect these spaces. The exploitation of the Landsat satellite images, coupled with GIS and supplemented by field surveys and climate and documentary data, made it possible to analyze the vegetation cover and its evolution between 1987 and 2016. The results of our study show that the vegetation cover during the period (1987‒2016) lost 7.49% (6038 ha) of its natural vegetation. Also this work allowed us to set up a cartographic base which can constitute a precious tool of management of this protected area. This method is simple and adaptable to other protected areas of Algeria.
Assessment of the impact of urbanisation on agricultural and forest areas in the coastal zone of Mostaganem (western Algeria)
Authors: Mostari Abbassia , Benabdeli Kheloufi , Ferah Tahar
Published: October 2021

The accelerated and uncontrolled urbanisation in the coastal zone of Mostaganem is exclusively at the expense of agricultural and natural areas and is reflected in the aggravation of their degradation. The study area is a 62-km-long littoral to the west of Mostaganem and includes 11 municipalities. The Corine Land Cover nomenclature was used by exploiting data from Landsat satellite images over a 30-year period. The exploitation of statistics related to agricultural and forestry areas reveals a worrying dynamics. All spaces are under pressure mainly due to urbanisation. The phenomena of urbanization and coastalisation and the development of seaside tourism have increased the pressures on natural heritage to the point of compromising it. The analysis identified seven thematic object classes for the study area. An assessment of the dynamics of urban, forest and agricultural areas is an informative indicator of the sustainability of natural areas in the coastline of Mostaganem. The cultivated areas measured from 42,356 ha in 1985 to 38,301 ha in 2015,forest formations from 8207 ha to 9298 ha and urbanised areas from 2604 ha to 5049 ha. The dramatic land use change stimulated by rapid urbanisation in the study areas has resulted in a fundamental change in the landscape pattern. The thematic maps and the results obtained through different periods show that the predominant agricultural landscape has been gradually converted into urban areas.
Capacity and flow of selected cultural ecosystem services: Case study of microregion Terchovská valley
Authors: Kaisová Dominika , Laco Ivan
Published: October 2021

Cultural ecosystem services (ESs) are assessed less often than other ES; however, their importance for human well-being is crucial. In this article, we focused on an assessment of capacity and flow of three selected cultural ES – Recreation and tourism, Natural and cultural heritage and Aesthetics and landscape character. The capacity in terms of cultural ES focuses on the potential of landscape features to provide cultural ES, while flow provides us with data about areas where these cultural ES are consumed by people. We can assume that in areas with higher capacity to provide cultural ES, there is also a higher flow of these services. The areas with the highest capacity to provide selected cultural ES are natural areas, such as natural and semi-natural meadows, pastures, alpine areas and wetlands, and cultural-historical sites. Such areas in our study area are the Malá Fatra National Park and areas with dispersed settlement, which we rank as the most valuable parts of the microregion Terchovská Valley. There are also areas with the highest flow of cultural ES. To know the relationship between the capacity of the landscape to provide cultural ES and the flow of cultural ES in this study area could be useful in terms of landscape protection and management.
Scientific Impact of Central and Eastern European Higher Education Lecturers
Authors: Sajter Domagoj
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this paper is to obtain and analyse data on the higher education lecturers at the 16 largest, state-owned faculties of economics in seven central and eastern European countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia), about their scientific impact and reach. An analysis of their research areas and scientometrics (citations, h-indices) was performed, and aggregate rankings are presented. Data was collected from Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus by using proprietary specialized web crawlers (“bots”). The differences among countries and faculties are significant, and institutions should observe good practices from Slovenia, as its faculties are ranked highest. The insights are important for evaluating scientific progress, mobility, and cooperation, rewarding and promotion requirements, accreditations, project and institution funding, and higher education lecturers’ promotion.
An Economy’s Emergent Properties and How Micro Agents with Inconsistent or Conflicting Interests Are Holistically Organized into Macro Entities
Authors: Forrest Jeffrey Yi-Lin , Gong Zaiwu , Köse Erkan , Galbraith Diane D. , Arık Oğuzhan A.
Published: October 2021

The existing literature documents that computer simulations can reveal how characteristics of micro-level individuals give rise to macro-level phenomena of systemic wholes. This paper seeks to establish such an important simulation-based observation as a theoretical result on a sound foundation. Going beyond addressing when holistic phenomena can naturally emerge from micro-level characteristics, this paper investigates how and why many macro-level entities appear to answer market calls through organically gathering micro-level agents into uniformly-oriented operational wholes, even though these agents have inconsistent or even conflicting interests. This paper develops conclusions based on results of systems science and establishes a sufficient condition under which characteristics of micro-level agents can naturally lead to the appearance of macro-level properties of a systemic whole even though the former are heterogeneous and behave in an unintended and uncoordinated manner. This paper suggests to root each theoretical result of economics on elementary facts of personal belief-value systems and expands methods of networks and computer simulations to those of systems science. It explains when macro socioeconomic phenomena emerge out of unintended and uncoordinated actions and interactions of micro economic men, and provides a more general approach for developing reliable conclusions than those observed from computer simulations. It additionally derives conditions for when macro-level economic entities appear to answer market calls and how micro-level individuals with inconsistent or even conflicting interests can be organically congregated into operational business organizations.
Relations of Poland and the Baltic States with Belarus: Geopolitical Ambitions, Historical Symbolism and Dynamics of Migration
Authors: Bendarzsevszkij Anton
Published: October 2021

The current paper analyses the background of the relationship of the Baltic States and Poland with Belarus. The Baltic states together with Poland were advocating a decided foreign policy towards the political system of Alyaksandr Lukashenka in the last fifteen years, which applied through the financial support of political opposition, the support of NGO-s and media outlets, attraction of Belarusian students and qualified workforce and firm political actions. This policy culminated during the latest political crisis, following the presidential elections of August 2020. This paper analyses the historic roots behind the respected countries’ relationship, important domestic factors influencing the decision making, dynamics of migration in the recent years, the geopolitical ambitions of Poland and the strategic factors, perceiving Belarus a security threat for the region.