bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of Colorectal Cancer Prognostic Model Utilizing Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism-Related Genes
Authors: Zhu Peng , Wang Kai , Sun Guo Ping , Yang Zheng Hui
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study was to construct a prognostic model and medicine therapeutic response by utilizing mitochondrial energy metabolism-related genes (MMRGs), thus establishing a risk score for colorectal cancer (CRC). Based on the TCGA-CRC and GEO data set, MMRGs expression levels were identified by clustering analysis. 10 differential expression genes were used to construct RiskScore by Cox regression. GSE 39582 data set was used for validation. The clinical characteristics,survival characteristics,SNV,CNV,methylation, immune features, and potential benefits of chemotherapy drugs were analyzed for two risk groups. RiskScore was constructed based on the genes ACOX1, ATP6V1G2, COX7A1, CPT2, DLAT, ECGS1, ECI2, NDUFA1, PPA2, and SUCLG2. Patients in the low risk group exhibited a superior overall survival. In addition, Univariate Cox regression analysis and Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the risk score, stage and lymphatic invasion can serve as the independent prognostic factors.Trametinib exhibited positive correlations between IC50 values and MMRGs expression levels,which may be more sensitive to chemotherapy drugs. Mitochondrial Energy -Related Genes was a promising biomarker that can be used to distinguish CRC prognosis, immune features, and sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs.
A Theoretical Study About Naturally Occurring Saponin (Oleanolic Acid) as Possible Inhibitor of Pfn2
Authors: Cárdenas-Pillco Berly , Cabrera-del-Carpio Zunilda N. , Quispe Lina G. , Nuñez-Zevallos Gladys E. , Chamorro Eduardo , Gómez Badhin
Published: May 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high mortality rate and has recently involved human profilin II (Pfn2), an actin-binding protein promoter of its invasiveness and progression. This work evaluated the binding affinity of oleanolic acid (Naturally Occurring Saponin) over Pfn2 and its structural stability. QM and MM techniques were applied to perform geometrical optimization and calculation of the reactive sites from Oleanolic Acid, whereas molecular docking and MD simulations for protein-ligand interaction under physiological conditions. Oleanolic acid saponin showed a high binding affinity to the Pfn2 PLP-binding site. Analysis of the protein-ligand structure suggests saponin as a molecule with high potential for developing new drugs against Pfn2 in colorectal cancer cells.
Clinical Association Between Hemogram and Oral Health Status in COVID-19: A Retrospective Study on Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Ding Yueping , Li Biyao , Bao Lingxian , Xu Shucheng , Pan Yingge , Gu Mengjia , Yan Jiamin , Wang Yiqi , Chen Qiuqiu , Zhu Ping , Fang Lexin , Tsoi James Kit-Hon , Wang Shuhua
Published: May 2024

AIM
To assess the correlation between fundamental oral health status and the COVID-19 development process and predict the evolving risk in severe cases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This prospective study included 69 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with an average age of 87 years. The DMFT, gingival index (GI), and number of missing teeth were examined to represent the oral health status. Three time-point blood parameters (admission, mid-course, and discharge) were selected to evaluate the development of COVID-19. Associations between oral health status, blood parameters, and comorbidities were calculated using a single-factor analysis, and a nomogram was built using all variables and CT image findings by lasso regression.
RESULTS
The number of missing teeth and DMFT results were inversely correlated with inflammatory biomarkers. Conversely, other poor oral health indicators, including caries, GI, and tooth mobility, were positively associated with COVID-19 hematologic and inflammatory biomarkers. Moreover, D-dimer was the most essential predictor in the nomogram, and the number of missing teeth and DMFT were negatively correlated with severity risk.
CONCLUSION
Poor oral health status may lead to severe COVID-19. In particular, the initial CRP level and diffuse type in CT and DMFT were the most meaningful factors associated with severe development.
N-glycosylation of envelope glycoprotein gI is crucial for the duck plague virus proliferation and virulence
Authors: Cheng Anchun , Ning Yaru , Wang Mingshu , Yang Qiao , Tian Bin , Ou Xumin , Sun Di , He Yu , Wu Zhen , Zhao Xinxin , Zhang Shaqiu , Wu Ying , Huang Juan , Yu Yanling , Zhang Ling , Jia Renyong , Liu Mafeng , Zhu Dekang , Chen Shun
Published: May 2024

Duck plague virus (DPV) causes highly pathogenic duck plague, and the envelope glycoprotein gI, as one of the key virulence genes, has not yet had its critical virulence sites identified through screening. In this study, reverse genetics technology was utilized to specifically target the gI protein within the genome of the DPV. Four mutant strains of DPV with mutations in the N-glycosylation sites of the gI protein were designed and constructed, and these mutant strains were successfully rescued. Our results confirmed that three asparagine residues (N69, N78, and N265) of gI are N-glycosylation sites, and Western blot analysis substantiated that the glycosylation at each predicted N-glycosylation site was compromised. The deglycosylation of gI results in the misfolding of the protein and its consequent retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). For the subsequent intracellular transport of gI within duck embryonic fibroblasts (DEFs), the carrying effect of its interacting protein gE is essential. Compared to the parental virus, the mutated virus exhibits a reduced intercellular transmission capability to 66.3%. In ducks, the deglycosylation of gI significantly reduces the replication of DPV in vivo, thereby impairing the virulence of DPV. This research marks the first successful generation of an attenuated DPV strain through targeted mutations at the N-glycosylation sites. The findings provide a foundational understanding of DPV pathogenesis and offer a basis for the development of live attenuated vaccines against the disease.
Nonlinear Superposition and Composite Solution Formula for the Generalized (2+1)-Dimensional Variable-Coefficient Fifth-Order KdV Equation
Authors: Zhang Xiaole , Bao Taogetusang
Published: May 2024

In this article, we employ the Bell polynomial method to construct its bilinear form, bilinear Bäcklund transformation, Lax pair, the integrability, infinite conservation laws and superposition formula of the generalized (2 + 1)-dimensional variable-coefficient fifth-order KdV equation, which can help us get more properties, increase the diversity of solutions and get more new phenomenon. It applies the Lax pairs to test the complete integrability of the generalized (2 + 1) -dimensional variable-coefficient fifth-order KdV equation. According to the obtained bilinear Bäcklund transformation, infinite conservation laws and nonlinear superposition formula are derived. By using the nonlinear superposition formula of the solution, the double soliton solution is obtained from the single soliton solution of the equation. Utilizing a symbolic computation approach, we get the Lump solution and exponential of compound solution, breather-type solution and rouge wave solution with appropriate values of constant coefficients. The generalized (2 + 1)-dimensional variable - coefficient fifth-order KdV equation analyses the evolution of long waves with modest amplitudes propagating in plasma physics and the motion of waves in fluids and other mediums. Moreover, dusty plasma, oceanography, water engineering, and other nonlinear sciences.
Molecular identification of hyaluronate lyase, not hyaluronidase, as an intrinsic hyaluronan-degrading enzyme in Clostridium perfringens
Authors: Hashimoto Wataru , Kumon Tomoya , Oiki Sayoko
Published: May 2024

Clostridium perfringens, an opportunistic pathogen in the human intestine, causes gas gangrene by producing various toxins. A clostridial enzyme degrading the host extracellular matrix hyaluronan (HA) has been considered a critical virulence factor as mu-toxin hyaluronidases including endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases (Nags). Here we show that, distinct from Nags, hyaluronate lyase (HysA) is an intrinsic HA-degrading enzyme. C. perfringens (ATCC 13124) was found to assimilate host-derived extracellular mucosubstances, HA and mucin, which induced expression of the HA-related genetic cluster, including hysA, but repressed nag genes. The recombinant C. perfringens HysA showed an HA-degrading activity toward HA through β-elimination reaction. The HA-degrading enzyme in the culture supernatant of C. perfringens exhibited the lyase activity and was identical to the recombinant HysA on the native-PAGE gel, followed by activity straining. These results demonstrated that the intrinsic HA-degrading enzyme of C. perfringens is hyaluronate lyase HysA, but not hyaluronidases NagH, NagJ, and NagK.
clinical, laboratory and trichoscopic features of pediatric androgenetic alopecia: a retrospective analysis in 133 patients
Authors: Lu Changpei , Fan Yige , Du Yimei , Bi Lingbo , Wang Chaofan , Zhao Min , Ding yunbu , Wei-xin FAN
Published: May 2024

This retrospective study from Jiangsu Province Hospital elucidates the prevalence and impact of pediatric androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Over a period of 14 years, 133 patients under the age of 18 were studied, with manifestations appearing as early as 8 years of age. Of note, 39.8% had an overweight/obese and 78.2% reported a family history of AGA. Comorbidities included seborrhoeic dermatitis (51.9%), acne (42.9%) and sleep disorders (28.6%). In addition, 4.5% had polycystic ovarian syndrome. Hormonal imbalances such as low sex hormone-binding globulin (47.1%) and vitamin D deficiency (61%) were common, as was low ferritin (23.6%). Male AGA patterns were characterised by crown thinning and temporal variations, whereas females showed crown thinning with frontal hair retention. Trichoscopic differences were observed between genders and age groups. This study highlights the importance of individualised, stepwise and comprehensive treatment, prioritising hormonal disorders and comorbidities when treating hair loss with topical minoxidil. Encouraging patients to adhere to regular medication and follow-up appointments can lead to favourable outcomes.
FUT2 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by reprogramming fatty acid metabolism via YAP/TAZ signaling and SREBP-1
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Dong Chenfei , Zhang Yue , Zeng Jiayue , Chong Suli , Liu Yang , Bian Ziming , Fang Sairong
Published: May 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the second most lethal cancer worldwide because of high rate of metastasis, approximately 20% of CRC patients have metastases at initial diagnosis. Metabolism reprogramming, as a universal feature for cancer cells, is considered to be associated with metastasis. We have previously demonstrated that fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) functions as a potent oncogene in CRC, and promotes the development and malignancy of CRC cells, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, bioinformatic analysis indicated that FUT2 was related to malignant phenotype and fatty acid metabolism in CRC. FUT2 knockdown decreased glucose uptake and de novo fatty acid synthesis, which in turn inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells. Mechanistically, FUT2 promotes YAP1 nuclear translocation and concurrently stabilizing mSREBP-1 by fucosylation, thus promoting de novo fatty acid synthesis in CRC cells. Furthermore, a prognostic model, constructed based on YAP1, SREBP-1, FUT2, and FASN, has high accuracy in the OS of CRC patients. In summary, this study demonstrates that FUT2 reprograms fatty acid metabolism of CRC cells via Hippo signaling pathway and SREBP-1. The findings imply that FUT2 might be a potential target for the development of therapeutic strategies against CRC.
The economic burden of nosocomial infections for hospitals: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Asegu Lulseged , Kitschen Anne , Neuwirth Meike Maria , Sauerland Dirk
Published: May 2024

Background
Nosocomial infections (NI) significantly worsen patient outcomes, resulting in higher mortality rates and reduced health-related quality of life. Furthermore, they pose substantial economic strain on healthcare systems and hospitals. For instance, patients with nosocomial infections (NIs) experience prolonged hospital stays compared to those without NIs. These extended stays result in occupied bed-days, leading to opportunity costs for hospitals. This study aimed to estimate the opportunity costs for a German hospital based on hospital stays, daily revenue, and occupancy rates (OCR).
Methods
We analyzed cost data obtained from routine records maintained by the accounting department of a German hospital's surgical and orthopedic units from 2018 to 2019. To ensure balance, we employed genetic matching. We estimated the differences in length of stay (LOS) and daily revenue between patients with and without nosocomial infections (NI) using linear regression. Finally, we calculated the opportunity cost borne by the hospital by treating NI patients instead of non-NI patients. All costs are reported in 2018 Euros.
Results
The final sample included 81 patients with NI matched with 207 patients without NI. The majority of the NI patients (77.0%) had surgical site infection (SSI). Compared to non-NI patients, we observed that NI patients had a longer LOS (10 days, p < 0.001) and lower daily revenue (€400, p < 0.001). We also found that comorbidities and the frequency of operations had significant impact on the LOS. Using a baseline 30 to 50% preventable NIs, successful prevention of a single NI could potentially reduce the length of hospital stay by 3 to 5 days and increase hospital revenue by approximately €120 to €200 per day per prevented NI. Consequently, the hospital saves 3 to 5 more bed-days to backfill and generate more revenue, and/or make more efficient resource allocation by changing bed-capacity and staffing. The resulting opportunity costs can potentially exceed €1,000 per preventable case.
Conclusion
NIs pose a substantial economic burden for hospitals. From a health economics’ perspective, there are strong economic incentives for hospitals to implement infection control interventions, such as the involvement of a prevention link physician/nurse.
Evaluation of local and systemic humoral immune responses to selected recombinant bacterial antigens administered intranasally and subcutaneously to dairy calves
Authors: Bajzert Joanna , Jawor Paulina , Pisarek Maciej , Baran Rafał , Jachymek Wojciech , Stefaniak Tadeusz
Published: May 2024

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) causes significant economic losses in dairy calves. The induction of an early immune response via parenteral vaccination is complicated by the interference of colostral immunity. In this study, we investigated early immunization against selected conserved bacterial antigens. Calves were vaccinated twice intranasally and then subcutaneously with Histophilus somni recombinant proteins (rOMP40, rHsp60) mixed with one of two adjuvants: CpG ODN2007 or MPLA. The control group (Con) was injected with PBS. The first immunization was done between 24–48 hours of life, and then twice in two weeks intervals. Blood, nasal, and saliva secretion samples were collected directly before vaccination (S1-S3), 42–44 (S4) and 59–61 day of life (S5). Antibodies (IgG1/IgG2/IgM/IgA in serum; IgG1/IgA in secretions) against both vaccine antigens were detected in all samples. Intranasal and subcutaneous vaccinations using the described compositions did not increase antibody reactivity against the tested proteins. The reactivity of serum IgG1, IgM, and IgA rOMP40 antibodies was significantly higher in S1 in all groups than that in the other samplings (p˂0.01). Significant differences in the reactivity of serum anti-rOMP40 antibodies between groups were identified in S1 (IgA reactivity was higher in the CpG vs. MPLA group; p < 0.05), S4 (IgM reactivity was higher in Con vs. CpG group; p < 0.05), and S5 (IgG1 reactivity was higher in the MPLA vs. Con group; p < 0.05). The lack of consistent changes in antibodies in subsequent samplings (S4 and S5) hinders the drawing of conclusions regarding the effect of immunization on antibody reactivity. In the future, different types of adjuvants should be considered to evaluate their usefulness in early immunization.
Contribution of type 2 diabetes to major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in a long-term observational study with different stages of atherosclerosis
Authors: Mader Arthur , Haeberli Dario , Larcher Barbara , Dopheide Jörn F. , Saely Christoph H. , Heinzle Christine F. , Amann Peter , Schindewolf Marc , Festa Andreas , Drexel Heinz
Published: May 2024

Background:
The impact of diabetes on incident cardiovascular disease in relation to the extent of atherosclerotic disease remains unclear. We aimed to investigate major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with or without type 2 diabetes (T2DM) presenting with two extremes of atherosclerotic disease, those with angiographically documented minor coronary atherosclerotic lesions and those with symptomatic peripheral artery disease.
Methods:
We included 1238 patients from two prospective, long-term cohort studies. Patients underwent coronary angiography and/or sonography in order to assess the grade of atherosclerosis and were defined as having no signs of atherosclerosis (n = 332; Group I), minor atherosclerosis (n = 425; Group II) and major atherosclerosis (n = 481; Group III). Cardiovascular events were recorded over a mean period of 7.7 years, covering a total of 9533 patient years. We tested the hypothesis that T2DM infers the same relative risk increase irrespective of the atherosclerosis stage, considering 3-point MACE as the primary endpoint.
Results:
Incident MACE was reported in 681 patients (51%). MACE occurred more frequently in patients with T2DM than in patients without T2DM (p < 0.001). Further, MACE occurred more frequently in group III (58.1%), than group II (34.1%) or group I (19.1%) (group I vs. group II vs group III, p < 0.001). In a cox-regression-model, T2DM was a significant predictor of MACE in univariate analyses (HR = 2.43 [1.88–3.14], p < 0.001) and after multivariate adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, as well as the different grades of atherosclerosis (HR = 1.37 [1.02–1.84], p = 0.034). Also, atherosclerosis grades predicted MACE (HR = 3.19 [2.75–3.70], p < 0.001) in univariate analyses, and also after multivariate adjustment for known cardiovascular risk factors, including T2DM (HR = 1.61 [1.31–1.98], p < 0.001). Finally, when testing for interactions between T2DM and stages of atherosclerosis on MACE we could not find any significant interaction (HR = 1.14 [0.86–1.52], p = 0.364).
Conclusions:
We conclude that T2DM infers an increased risk for MACE across anatomically and morphologically distinct stages of atherosclerosis.
Androgen Receptor interacts with c-Myc to regulate macrophage-osteoclast axis and drive bone metastasis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Guan Xiaoxiang , Liu Yiqiu , Fan Lingling , Zhao Yuhan , Zhu Ye , Yang Yixing , Ye Fan , Gu Yunru , Xu Feng
Published: May 2024

Breast cancer distant metastasis is known to exhibit organotropism, with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes also displaying organ-specific metastasis. In publicly available clinical database of TNBC, we found that luminal androgen receptor-type (LAR) TNBC had a significant tendency for bone metastasis. In mouse models, we demonstrated that androgen receptor (AR) activation promoted LAR TNBC bone metastasis. Using single-cell sequencing, we discovered that c-Myc played a critical role in AR-mediated bone metastasis. Mechanistically, AR interacted with c-Myc, promoting the expression of c-Myc and consequently facilitating TNBC osteolytic bone metastasis. Further analysis of the bone microenvironment revealed that AR interactions with c-Myc not only mediated macrophage M2 polarization, but also promoted M2-type macrophage differentiation towards osteoclasts as well as osteoclast activation, ultimately promoting bone resorption effects. Collectively, these findings elucidate the mechanisms underlying bone metastasis in TNBC subtypes and inform potential interventions for TNBC bone metastasis.
New technique for identification of ichthyoplankton and its application in biomonitoring studies, management and conservation of neotropical fish
Authors: Reynalte-Tataje David Augusto , Zaniboni-Filho Evoy , Lopes Carolina Antonieta , de Ávila-Simas Sunshine , Bialetzki Andréa
Published: May 2024

Studies of ichthyoplankton in Neotropical environments have become increasingly relevant for environmental inventories and monitoring programs designed to evaluate anthropogenic impacts on ichthyofauna, especially potamodromous fish. These studies have made advancements including progress in improving techniques of data collection and processing. However, challenges remain in the taxonomic identification of ichthyoplankton organisms, especially eggs. Identification initiatives have been hindered by the paucity of literature and scientific collections, as well as the morphological similarity among species. As a result, few species have been identified during this period of development. Under these circumstances, the information provided by egg sampling has been underutilized, and quantification of eggs is commonplace, even in regions where they are predominant in the ichthyoplankton. Limited data on fish species at the egg/larvae stages make it impossible to determine spawning periods and sites of a specific taxonomic group. To address these challenges, we have developed a live ichthyoplankton identification technique which enables the identification of eggs collected from fish, especially migratory species, using a novel method of processing ichthyoplankton. In addition, we cite case studies highlighting the application of this technique. Data from these studies can inform management and monitoring programs in such areas as identification of spawning areas, formation of breeding stock, restocking of native fish, and improvement of scientific collections of ichthyoplankton. Thus, we believe that this new taxonomic technique for identifying live ichthyoplankton represents a paradigm shift in fish monitoring, management, and conservation, as well as ecological management.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi with different life strategies in an ancient and abandoned Pb-Zn-Ag mine in Andes Mountain
Authors: Perri Sofía Y. Utge , Fernández María V. Valerga , Scotti Adalgisa , Colombo Roxana P. , González Florencia , Godeas Alicia M. , Silvani Vanesa A.
Published: May 2024

Mining industry causes strong alterations in soils such as heavy metal (HM) pollution, thereby impacting on plant communities and their rhizospheric microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The old polymetallic mine Paramillos de Uspallata, located in the Andes mountains, represents the first mining exploitation in Argentina. Due to the nature of its original substrate and the exhausted mining activity, the soils exhibited high concentrations of HM and vegetation disturbance, exerting a selective pressure on AM fungal communities. In this work, we compared the mycorrhizal status of vegetation, the abundance and diversity of AM fungi within the mining site with a nearby unexploited area, thereby associating mycorrhizal traits with environmental parameters. A higher proportion of mycorrhizal plants was observed outside the mine and in some exploited areas. The unexploited and urban ruins area showed higher richness and diversity of AM fungal species, with a prevalence of the Glomeraceae and Claroideoglomeraceae families across all areas, except for the highly impacted exploitation area where Entrophosporaceae family was abundant. Ancestral (or stress-tolerant) species and rhizophilic (or ruderal) species dominated Paramillos de Uspallata mine, while edaphophilic (competitors) and rhizophilic species were abundant outside mine. This study contributes to understanding the impact of prolonged mining activities on AM fungal communities, and the capacity for tolerance and resilience exhibited by some AM species after more than 30 years of mining cessation. The Paramillos de Uspallata mine represents a reservoir of HM-tolerant AM fungi, valuable for ecological restoration of post-mining lands.
Caspase-1/11 Controls Zika Virus Replication in Astrocytes by Regulating Glycolytic Metabolism
Authors: Farias Ingrid S. , Ribeiro Guilherme , Noronha Isaú H. , Peron Jean P. S. , Vieira Pedro M. Moraes , Alves-Filho Jose C. , Bortoluci Karina R.
Published: May 2024

The Zika virus (ZIKV) poses a significant threat due to its association with severe neurological complications, particularly during pregnancy. Although viruses exhibit tropism for neural cells, including astrocytes, the role of these cells in controlling ZIKV replication remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that ZIKV induces caspase-1 activation in primary astrocytes despite the absence of classical signs of inflammasome activation. Caspase-1/11−/− astrocytes exhibit heightened permissiveness to viral replication, accompanied by overactivation of glycolytic metabolism. Inhibition of glycolysis reversed the susceptibility of caspase-1/11−/− astrocytes to ZIKV infection. Protein network analysis revealed mTORC as a link between proteins involved in glycolysis and caspase-1, and mTORC inhibition also suppressed viral replication. Furthermore, we found that the impact of caspase-1/11 on astrocytes is dependent on pyruvate transport to mitochondria for viral replication, emphasizing the role of the mTORC/glycolytic pathway/pyruvate axis in the caspase-1/11-mediated control of ZIKV. Overall, our findings elucidate a caspase-1/11-dependent microbicidal mechanism in astrocytes, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets for ZIKV infection.
Long-Term Follow-up Results and Visual Outcomes of Childhood Glaucoma in the Black Sea Region of Turkey
Authors: Gurpinar Abdulcemal , Niyaz Leyla , Ariturk Nursen
Published: May 2024

Purpose To investigate long-term visual outcomes and factors associated with low vision in patients with childhood glaucoma. Materials and Methods A retrospective review was conducted on the medical records of pediatric glaucoma patients at the Ondokuz Mayis University Ophthalmology Clinic from 2005 to 2023. The patients were categorized into three groups: primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), secondary childhood glaucoma, and glaucoma following cataract surgery (GFCS). Groups were analyzed regarding visual acuity (VA), ocular conditions and comorbidities, and the cause of visual impairment. The study also investigated the potential risk factors associated with visual impairment. Results A total of 105 eyes of 60 patients with a mean age of 9,7 ± 5,5 years were included in the study. The mean VA in logMAR was 0,59 ± 0,52. At the final follow-up, 28,6% had good VA (≥ 20/50), 21,9% had moderate VA (20/60–20/200), and 28,6% had poor VA (< 20/200). The final mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 16,2 ± 6,2 mmHg. Amblyopia was the leading cause of vision loss (38,2%), followed by glaucomatous damage (36,4%). Patients with GFCS had a higher rate of visual impairment (40,6%) and refractive error. The results of the regression analysis showed that low vision was associated with undergoing more than two surgeries, high IOP at baseline, high initial and final cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio, and high initial central corneal thickness (CCT) (CI: 95%, p = 0,05, p = 0,013, p = 0,003, p = 0,013, respectively). Conclusion Good VA can be achieved in 28,6% of childhood glaucoma cases. However, the VA prognosis may be worse in patients with GFCS. Achieving good visual outcomes in childhood glaucoma requires timely and effective treatment, consideration of risk factors, and management of amblyopia and ocular comorbidities.
Evolution Analysis on Dynamic Mechanism of College Students' Innovative Ecosystem
Authors: Jiang Lingling , Xia Maosen , Zeng Min
Published: May 2024

This paper constructs a dynamic evolution game model based on the theoretical analysis framework design of the core-periphery of the innovation ecosystem of college students, and discusses the evolution characteristics and stability conditions of the dynamic mechanism of college students' innovation ecosystem. The research shows that: (1) there are many evolutionary stable equilibriums in the dynamic mechanism of college students' innovative ecosystem. (2) The degree of fit between the core subject of the university student and the external community is an important variable that affects the equilibrium outcome of the evolution of the innovation ecosystem. (3) Facing the marketization of the university students' innovative ecosystem, it will help promote the “energy” flow of the ecosystem and promote the stable development of the university students' innovative ecosystem.
Wear characterisation of movable guide vane in the nose region of worm shell based on Eulerian multiphase flow model and standard k-ε turbulence model
Authors: Hu Yangyang , Zhang Lijie
Published: May 2024

There are many sand-laden rivers in the world. The wear distribution of the guide vane of the turbine in the sand-laden flow is uneven, and the wear of the guide vane in the nose region is the most serious. In order to reveal the influence of volute structure on the wear law of guide vane at the nose end, a three-dimensional water body model of the whole flow channel of the turbine in the sediment-laden power station was established. The Euler multiphase flow model and the standard k-ε turbulence model were used to simulate the whole flow channel of the turbine. According to the simulation results, the pressure, sediment velocity and sediment concentration of the guide vane in the nose area are analyzed, and the wear of the guide vane in the nose area of the sediment-laden power station after one year of operation is measured and compared. The results of this study can provide technical support for predicting the easy wear position of the guide vane in the nose area of the sediment-laden river turbine and studying the anti-abrasion countermeasures.
Application of a flipped classroom incorporating team-based learning in molecular biology laboratory teaching: a mixed methods study
Authors: Qu Meng , Hou Qinlong , Li Xushen , Yu Chunyan , Xia Jichen , Dong Zhiheng
Published: May 2024

Background The Flipped Classroom with Team-Based Learning (FC-TBL) approach has gained traction in medical education in recent years, yet a comprehensive assessment of its instructional efficacy remains limited. This study sought to elucidate the effectiveness of FC-TBL in molecular biology laboratory instruction and assess its influence on subsequent related courses' learning outcomes.
Methods A total of 109 students were randomly assigned to either the traditional Lecture-Based Learning (LBL) group or the FC-TBL group. Students' academic performance and satisfaction were gauged through final examinations and surveys, while the enduring impact of FC-TBL was evaluated using online assessments and tracking students' scores in follow-up courses.
Results The findings indicate that FC-TBL significantly enhanced students' academic achievements in molecular biology labs and garnered higher satisfaction rates among participants compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, in terms of sustained benefits, FC-TBL demonstrated a marked improvement in the learning outcomes of subsequent related courses.
Conclusion In conclusion, this study underscores the efficacy of FC-TBL in fostering both immediate and lasting learning effects, positioning it as a promising pedagogical model for adoption in laboratory instruction across various medical education disciplines.
Association Between Sex Hormones Levels and Cancer Prevalence in Women, Especially Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhao Feng , Zhang Feng , Sun Hao , Cheng Guangdong , Xin Ran , Miao Xin
Published: May 2024

Background
Estradiol and testosterone are the two most important sex hormones in the human body. Previous studies have shown that these two sex hormones have a certain relationship with the prevalence of cancer. In this study, we included a total of 3532 female subjects, the number of cancer was 366, which is 10.36% of the total study population, and the number of breast cancer was 97, with a prevalence of 2.75%.
Methods
Subject data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis, WQS and qgcomp analysis. Measures in the demographic characteristics data were described as mean (SD) to describe the distribution, and t-tests were used to determine differences between groups. Count data were expressed as N (%), and the chi-square test was used to determine differences between groups. The determining factor in the process of determining the critical value of ROC is the Yoden index.The point where the ROC index is maximum serves as the optimal cutoff point for the continuum variable.
Results
The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed a negative correlation between testosterone levels and cancer prevalence, and a negative correlation between estradiol levels and breast cancer prevalence. Cancer prevalence and breast cancer prevalence were both lower in people with high estradiol and testosterone levels. Each quartile increase in the WQS index was associated with a 24% (OR:0.76,95% CI:0.63–0.91) reduction in the risk of cancer, and a 35% (OR:0.65,95% CI:0.44–0.96) reduction in the risk of breast cancer. Each quartile increase in the qgcomp index was associated with a 17% (OR:0.83,95%CI:0.70–0.97) reduction in cancer risk and a 39% (OR:0.61,95%CI:0.44–0.84) reduction in breast cancer risk.
Conclusion
Serum testosterone levels were more significantly and negatively correlated with cancer prevalence in women. Serum estradiol levels were more significantly and negatively correlated with breast cancer prevalence.
Exploring Optimal NTO Parameters for Single Brain Metastases Stereotactic Treatments: A Study of Non-Coplanar RapidArc and HyperArc Approaches
Authors: Muthu Sivakumar , Mudhana Gopinath
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To determine optimal values for parameters of manual normal tissue objectives (mNTO) in non-coplanar RapidArc (RA) SRS plans and compare them with HyperArc (HA) plans
Methods and Materials:
Eighteen patients with single solitary brain metastases, receiving 21 Gy prescriptions, were retrospectively enrolled. Non-coplanar RapidArc plans (RA-mNTO) were generated using mNTO for a range of dose fall-off values (0.1–5.0 mm− 1) and end dose values (50%, 25%, 10%). Additionally, HyperArc plans were generated using SRS NTO (HA-sNTO) and manual NTO (HA-mNTO), with optimal parameters derived from RA-mNTO plans. Plans were created using TrueBeam 6 MV-FFF and Eclipse 16.1 TPS. Plans were evaluated using parameters: Paddick Conformity Index (CI), Gradient Index (GI), Homogeneity Index (HI), Brain-GTV (18Gy, 15Gy & 12Gy), MU, and delivery accuracy. Plan comparisons utilized an integrated scoring approach and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Results:
The optimal RA-mNTO plan, with 0.5 mm− 1 dose fall-off and 25% end-dose values, significantly surpassed HA plans (p < 0.05) in CI, GI, and HI values (0.92 ± 0.02, 2.99 ± 0.15, 0.32 ± 0.05 vs. 0.91 ± 0.03, 3.40 ± 0.18, 0.39 ± 0.04 for HA-sNTO, and 0.91 ± 0.03, 3.16 ± 0.23, 0.40 ± 0.05 for HA-mNTO). Furthermore, RA-mNTO significantly (p < 0.05) reduced brain doses at V18Gy (0.90 ± 0.40), V15Gy (1.85 ± 0.77), and V12Gy (3.27 ± 1.35) compared to HA-sNTO (1.16 ± 0.51, 2.37 ± 1.01, 4.07 ± 1.72) and HA-mNTO (1.05 ± 0.44, 2.12 ± 0.86, 3.62 ± 1.45). Moreover, RA-mNTO showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower MUs (8302 ± 934) compared to HA (9556 ± 1005) and HA-mNTO (9327 ± 390), and higher gamma pass rates (99.8 ± 0.35) than HA-sNTO (98.9 ± 0.61) and HA-mNTO (99.1 ± 0.47).
Conclusion:
Non-coplanar RA plans with optimal mNTO settings outperformed both HA-sNTO and HA-mNTO plans for all studied dosimetric parameters.
Microcontroller-based water control system for evaluating crop water use characteristics
Authors: Sugiura Daisuke , Mitsuya Shiro , Takahashi Hirokzau , Yamamoto Ryo , Miyazawa Yoshiyuki
Published: May 2024

Background Climate change and the growing demand for agricultural water threaten global food security. Understanding water use characteristics of major crops from leaf to field scale is critical, particularly for identifying crop varieties with enhanced water-use efficiency (WUE) and stress tolerance. Traditional methods to assess WUE are either by gas exchange measurements at the leaf level or labor-intensive manual pot weighing at the whole-plant level, both of which have limited throughput.Results Here, we developed a microcontroller-based low-cost system that integrates pot weighing, automated water supply, and real-time monitoring of plant water consumption via Wi-Fi. We validated the system using major crops (rice soybean, maize) under diverse stress conditions (salt, waterlogging, constant drought). Salt-tolerant rice maintained higher water consumption and growth under salinity than salt-intolerant rice. Waterlogged soybean exhibited reduced water use and growth. Long-term experiments revealed significant WUE differences between rice varieties and morphological adaptations represented by altered shoot-to-root ratios under constant drought conditions in maize.Conclusions We demonstrate that the system can be used for varietal differences between major crops in their response to drought, waterlogging, and salinity stress. This system enables high-throughput, long-term evaluation of water use characteristics, facilitating the selection and development of water-saving and stress-tolerant crop varieties.
Mobile phone addiction and sleep quality in college students: a mediation model of rumination and fear of missing out
Authors: Zhang Junliang , He Yu , Zheng Shuang , Wan Chuangang
Published: May 2024

Purpose
The impact of mobile phone addiction (MPA) on college students' sleep quality (SQ) has received increasing attention in recent years.On this basis, the mediating roles of rumination and FOMO (fear of missing out) on MPA and SQ were examined in this study.
Methods
In a cross-sectional study, preliminary data were gathered via questionnaires from 1401 college students (19.35 ± 0.81) from 5 universities in Jiangxi Province, China. Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale, Rumination Response Scale, Fear of Missing Out Scale and Sleep Quality Scale were employed in the research. The mediation model was tested using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS26.0 software, with FOMO and rumination acting as the mediating variables.
Results
Between MPA and SQ, rumination and FOMO each had their own unique mediation effect. Furthermore, rumination and FOMO function as a chain of mediators between college students' MPA and SQ.
Conclusion
This study provided confirmation and clarification that in college students, the association between MPA and SQ was mediated by rumination and FOMO.This study improves our understanding of MPA, SQ and how MPA may affect SQ in college students. It also shows that the impact of MPA and SQ of college students should be given more consideration by educators, parents, and college students themselves.
Enhancing rice crop resistance against brown plant hopper infestation through the foliar application of sodium nitroprusside
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Jan Rahmatullah , Asif Saleem , Zhao Dan-Dan , Khan Zakirullah , Park Jae-Ryoung , Kim Kyung-Min
Published: May 2024

Plant hoppers are pest herbivores that significantly affect the growth and productivity of rice worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the role of two chemicals, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide inducer, and carboxy-PTIO potassium salt, a nitric oxide scavenger, under brown plant hopper (BPH) stress in rice. Screening tests were performed to evaluate various factors, including agronomic traits, relative water content, electrolytic leakage, gene expression, and nitric oxide (NO) production. Interestingly, the positive control and 100 µM cPTIO-treated seedlings showed decreased root and shoot growth, reduced relative water content, and induced electrolytic leakage under BPH stress. Similarly, the positive control and 100 µM cPTIO-treated seedlings exhibited decreased survival percentage and increased death rate under BPH stress. Gene expression analysis revealed that after 6, 12, and 24 h of BPH stress, the levels of OsNOA1 and OsEF-1α were significantly higher in the resistant rice lines Cheongcheong and Nagdong Double haploid (CNDH)-78 and CNDH-87, while OsNOA1 and OsNR were upregulated in the the susceptible rice lines CNDH 14 − 2 and CNDH 48 − 3. Moreover, the resistant lines exhibited increased NO content after 6, 12, and 24 h, and susceptible rice lines showed high NO content after 24 h of BPH stress. These findings suggest that the application of 100 µM SNP enhanced internal NO production and content, improved the overall agronomic traits, increased the relative water content, decreased electrolytic leakage, and protected rice from the harmful effects of BPHs.
Oil resistivity of fluorine-free foams stabilized by nanoparticles and surfactants
Authors: Sheng Youjie , Hu Die , Ma Wenzhi , Zhao Qian
Published: May 2024

This study aims at exploring fluorine-free foam properties co-stabilized by nanoparticles (NPs) and surfactant. The mixed disperse liquids composed of silica NPs, nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant (APG-0810), and organosilicon surfactant (CoatOsil-77) was prepared. The NP-intensified foams under the action of n-heptane (flammable liquid) were focused by analyzing aggregation behavior of surfactants, initial foaming height, foams drainage and decay, and single vertical film stability of the mixed disperse liquids. The findings show that the presence of n-heptane shows an obvious effect on adsorption behavior of surfactant. After n-heptane is added, the surface tension and viscosity of the mixed dispersion liquid increases, but the conductivity and foaming ability decreases. In addition, the presence of NPs with low concentration or n-heptane accelerates foam drainage and volume decay. The vertical liquid film thickness also declines at the presence of n-heptane. NPs can improve oil resistivity of foam to a certain extent, and the more the NP concentration, the better the oil resistivity. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the development of new fluorine-free foams used for liquid fuel fire.
Collagen and chitosan-based biogenic sprayable gel of silver nanoparticle for advanced wound care
Authors: Markandeywar Tanmay , Narang Raj Kumar
Published: May 2024

Silver nanoparticles have gained significant attention recently due to their unique antibacterial properties, making them promising candidates for wound care applications. This study proposes a novel approach for advanced wound care using a silver nanoparticle-impregnated biogenic spray hydrogel supplemented with collagen and chitosan. Silver nanoparticles were incorporated into the hydrogel (optimised by a QbD approach) to impart antimicrobial activity, crucial for combating wound infections and promoting faster healing. The study assessed the physical and chemical properties of the biogenic hydrogel, including its viscosity, pH, and nanoparticle dispersion characteristics. In vitro, antimicrobial efficacy against common wound pathogens and in vivo studies using chronic wound models in small animals portrayed the immense potential of the developed biogenic hydrogel in effectively reducing the bacterial load of broad-spectrum pathogens. The hydrogel exhibited excellent biocompatibility, supporting cell proliferation and tissue repair without toxic effects. It accelerated wound healing, improved collagen deposition, and enhanced tissue regeneration in the tested animals by reducing proinflammatory cytokines, ROS and NF-kb levels. Overall, this innovative silver nanoparticle-impregnated biogenic spray hydrogel of collagen and chitosan presents a uniform spray pattern that proved efficient, showing a promising solution for advanced wound care. Its biocompatibility, safety, anti-inflmmatory, antimicrobial efficacy, and wound-healing properties hold great potential for improving the management of complex wounds, opening new avenues in wound care and regenerative medicine.
Caffeine consumption and interaction with ADORA2A, CYP1A2 and NOS1 variants do not influence age at onset of Machado-Joseph disease
Authors: Martins Ana Carolina , Pinheiro Jordânia dos Santos , Szinwelski Luciana , Cidade Eduardo Rockenbach , Santin Danilo Fernando , Proença Laura Damke , Araújo Bruna Almeida , Saraiva-Pereira Maria Luiza , Jardim Laura Bannach
Published: May 2024

Background
The age at onset (AO) of Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), a disorder due to an expanded CAG repeat (CAGexp) in ATXN3, is quite variable and the role of environmental factors is still unknown. Caffeine was associated with protective effects against other neurodegenerative diseases, and in transgenic SCA3/MJD mouse models. We aimed to evaluate whether caffeine consumption and the interaction with variants of caffeine signaling/metabolization genes impact the AO of this disease.
Methods
a questionnaire on caffeine consumption was applied to adult patients and unrelated controls living in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. AO and CAGexp were previously determined. SNPs rs5751876 (ADORA2A), rs2298383 (ADORA2A), rs762551 (CYP1A2) and rs478597 (NOS1) were genotyped. AO of subgroups were compared, adjusting the CAGexp to 75 repeats (p < 0.05).
Results
171/179 cases and 98/100 controls consumed caffeine. Cases with high and low caffeine consumption (more or less than 314.5 mg of caffeine/day) had mean (SD) AO of 35.05 (11.44) and 35.43 (10.08) years (p = 0.40). The mean (SD) AO of the subgroups produced by the presence or absence of caffeine-enhancing alleles in ADORA2A (T allele at rs5751876 and rs2298383), CYP1A2 (C allele) and NOS1 (C allele) were all similar (p between 0.069 and 0.516).
Discussion
Caffeine consumption was not related to changes in the AO of SCA3/MJD, either alone or in interaction with protective genotypes at ADORA2A, CYP1A2 and NOS1.
Influence of phenolic free modified rosin resin on the thermomechanical behavior of poly (lactic acid) having different crystallinities and molecular weights
Authors: Rosa-Ramírez Harrison de la , Aldas Miguel , Pavon Cristina , Dominici Franco , Rallini Marco , Puglia Debora , Torre Luigi , López-Martínez Juan , Samper María Dolores
Published: May 2024

The influence of a highly complex modified commercial rosin resin (Unik Print, UP) on the thermomechanical performance of four commercial grades of polylactic acid (PLA) has been evaluated and compared. Comparative experiments were carried out with polylactides of different molecular weights and phase structures. The melt-extruded formulations were prepared by considering 3 parts per hundred resins (phr) of modified rosin resin, which was previously verified to be the suitable amount of UP resin effective to enhance PLA performance. Several analytical characterization techniques were used for comparison purposes. Among them, the thermogravimetric analysis allowed to determine that UP resin does not influence PLA's thermal decomposition behavior, regardless of PLA molecular weight and crystallinity degree. Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) evaluation showed that UP resin eliminated both exothermal and endothermic peaks of amorphous PLA. At the same time, it was proved that the formation and growth of different types of crystal can be promoted in semi-crystalline PLA. Moreover, a toughness improvement was observed in all formulations. Besides, the rotational rheometer allowed to measure the viscosity of the final materials, finding that in amorphous PLA with low molecular weight, the UP resin did not cause apparent changes. However, the complex viscosity was increased for both semi-crystalline PLA (low and high molecular weight).