bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Separation and Determination of Vanillin and O-Vanillin by CE Compared with HPLC
Authors: Guan Jin , Yan Feng , Shi Shuang , Li Yun
Published: May 2011

A method for the simultaneous separation and determination of vanillin ando-vanillin by capillary electrophoresis (CE) was developed. The influence of type, concentration and pH of running buffer, and applied voltage on separation was investigated. Under the condition of 50 mmol/L borax-150 mmol/L disodium hydrogen phosphate (pH 7.5) and applied voltage of 15 kV, the vanillin ando-vanillin were separated in less than 6 min. The method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision and linearity and proved to be robust. This CE method is comparable with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This CE method is applicable to the quantitative analysis of Vanillin ando-vanillin in real samples, and the assay results were satisfactory
Effects on Flavor Compounds of Radialized Provolone Cheese
Authors: Liu Hui Ping , Dong Jin , Xu Tao , Wei Feng Ru , Jiang Ping
Published: May 2011

In this paper, Provolone Cheeses were radialized by 60Co-γ of different doses, and they were stored. The impact of texture in the cheese after radialization was studied, the peculiar smell resulted from radialization were analyzed, the mechanisms and preventing methods were discussed. Main conclusions are as follows: Volatile flavors of Provolone cheeses of different radialization doses were detected by HS-SPME-GC-MS. The result showed that the variety and quantity of volatile flavors were changed obviously after radicalization: esters and phenols were reduced numerously; while aldehydes, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons and alkyl olefin had increased significantly; Irradiation cause sulfur compounds such as sulfur alcohols and sulfur ketone.
Production of Koji by Black-Skin-Red-Koji
Authors: Fang Shang Ling , Yang Yu Fang , Zhen Da , Chen Mao Bin
Published: May 2011

In order to improve the quality of the black-skin-red-kojo, the Chinese rice wine yeast was introduced in the koji-making process，and adjusted the proportion of Monascusand Aspergillus niger and optimized the water content．Effects of different factors on the quality of the koji were investigated and the optimal process conditions were obtained through the orthogonal tests.
Study on Ultrasonic Extraction of 1-Deoxynojirimycin(DNJ) and Polysaccharides from Mulberry Leaves
Authors: Liu Shu Xing , Hua Jun Li , Li Hong Liang
Published: May 2011

The study on optimal technology of extracting 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) and polysaccharides from mulberry leaves as raw material is conducted on the basis of the single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, and the study result shows the optimum conditions of the DNJ extraction are solid to water ratio of 1∶40, the ultrasonic power of 125 w, the ultrasonic temperature of 70°C, and the ultrasonic time of 20 min. The DNJ extraction ratio of 0.092%; while the optimum conditions of the polysaccharides extraction are solid to water ratio of 1 ∶30 , the ultrasonic power of 125 w , the ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, the ultrasonic time of 40 min and the polysaccharides extraction ratio of 2.52%.
Kinetic Model of Atractylodes Processing
Authors: Wang Fang , Wang Deng Wu
Published: May 2011

The Atractylone, one of the volatile constituents, was the main active components applied in many fields. To avoid the instability, the volatile oil was extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Based on this, the processing of Atractylone was stimulated, and the corresponding kinetic parameters were determined. The results indicated that the rate equation of Atractylone oxidation is Rate=K’ [xA] 1.84, and the apparent activation energy of the self-oxidation of Atractylone is 58.05 kJ·mol-1
Modulus of Elasticity Test and Numerical Fitting of Plybamboo Form
Authors: Zhou Wei Hong , Peng Liang , Chen Jun Min , Yu Yun Shui
Published: May 2011

Longitudinal and transverse modulus of elasticity(MOE) tests of plybamboo form with different moisture content were performed. The results show that both longitudinal MOE and transverse MOE decrease with the increasing of the moisture content of the plybamboo form, which decrease linearly at low moisture content stage. Curve regression equations of longitudinal and transverse MOE of plybamboo form were constructed by the method of numerical fitting, and linear regression equations at low moisture content stage were also constructed. Decline of plybamboo form strength itself and bonding invalidation lead to the decrease of MOR The results of variance analysis and significance test of four regression equations show that all the regression equations achieve very significant level.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel 4-Hydroxy-(4-solanesylaminophenyl ) Retinoate
Authors: Yu Ai He , Tan Ping , Deng Qin , Xiang Jian Nan , Cao Zhong
Published: May 2011

In order to improve the therapeutic efficacy of retinoid carboxylic acids, a novel retinoate was designed and synthesized with 4-aminophenol as a linker from solanesol and 13-cis-retinoic acid. The synthetic procedure and characterization of the retinoate are described.
The Study of Multiplex PCR Conditions for Detection of Three Food-Borne Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Li Ai , Yang Guo Xing , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2011

To establish a rapid, sensitive and specific multiplex PCR method for the simultaneous detection ofStaphylococcus aureus,Salmonellaspp, andlisteria monocytogenes. Three pairs of primers have been designed according to theStaphylococcus aureusnucgene,Salmonellaspp IpaBgene,listeria monocytogenes inlAgene. Orthogonal experimental design was used to determine Multiplex PCR amplification system for Food-borne Bacterial Pathogens of four factors (Taq DNA polymerase, Mg2+, dNTP and primers) from four levels; three DNA fragments of 210bp,280bp and 476bp were amplified. The specificity and the sensitivity of this method was valued. Template was prepared using FTA filter; the three food-borne Bacterial Pathogens were simultaneously detected by the multiplex PCR technology which have been designed; The sensitivity of this method was 3.0×102cfu/mL forStaphylococcus aureus, 2.0×102cfu/mL forSalmonellaspp, and 3.5×102cfu/mL forlisteria monocytogenes. This method lies on its accuracy, rapidity and efficiency in the diagnosis, so it could be a useful method for the simultaneous detection of the three species of bacteria in food.
Preparation and Characterization of Anti-HIV Drug TD0232-Loaded Microemulsion
Authors: Zhou Hong Jing , Xia Qiang , Guo Xing Mu
Published: May 2011

The objective is to study the preparation of TD0232-loaded microemulsion (TD0232-ME) and its quality evaluation. The formulation was investigated by pseudoternary phase diagram. The loading capacity and entrapment efficiency was obtained by ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. The appearance，morphology，size distribution，stability of TD0232-ME were determined. The TD0232-ME，with good stability，was a transparent solution with visible sky-blue opalescence. TD0232-ME in transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) consisted of small spherical drops with a mean size of 30 - 50 nm. The UV analysis showed the loading capacity and encapsulated efficiency of TD0232-ME were 0.1% and 100%, respectively. The solubility of TD0232 was significantly increased in microemulsion and the stability was satisfying.
Study on One-Step Solid-State Fermentation of Soybean Meal
Authors: Xiong Tao , Liu Jian Fei , Guan Qian Qian , Song Su Hua
Published: May 2011

one-step solid state fermentation process was studied. The orthogonal experiment was carried out to study the effect of the inoculation ratio, the inoculum size, the fermentation water ratio, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation period in this experiment. Optimum conditions were as follows: Bacillus licheniformis: yeast: Lactobacillus plantarum = 2:1:1, the inoculation was 6.0g/100g, the water ratio was 1:0.8, the anaerobic fermentation temperature was 36°C, the fermentation period was 96h. The content of trypsin inhibitor was measured and analyzed before and after the fermentation of soybean under the conditions.
Antioxidant Activities of Cold Water Extracts from Hohenbuehelia serotina and Armillaria mellea
Authors: Ji Hong Fang , Zhang Ling Wen , Zhang Hai Yan , Nan Hai Juan , Wang Qing , Zhang Hui Rong
Published: May 2011

Cold water extracts fromHohenbuehelia serotinaandArmillaria melleafruit bodies were prepared and their antioxidant properties were investigated in three different assays, namely, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power and chelating ability on ferrous ions. Results showed that, at 4 mg/mL, the cold water extracts fromA. melleashowed a high reducing power of 1.540. With regard to DPPH free radical scavenging abilities, EC50value of extracts fromA. melleawas 0.595 mg/mL, while that of extracts fromH. serotinawas 1.649 mg/mL. EC50values for chelating ability on ferrous ions for cold water extracts fromA. melleaandH. serotinawas 0.319 and 0.685mg/mL, respectively. From EC50values obtained, it can be concluded that cold water extracts fromH.serotinaandA.melleawere good in antioxidant properties.
Effect of Catfish Bone Hydrolysate Addition to Milk in Yogurt Manufacturing
Authors: Ren Xiao Qing , Ma Li Zhen , Chu Ju
Published: May 2011

The effects of milk supplementation with catfish bone hydrolysate (CBH) at levels of 0, 0.05, 0.15, and 0.5 % on the pH, lactic acid bacteria count (LABC), fermentation time, texture attributes and microstructure of yogurt were investigated. The addition of CBH stimulated acidification and reduced fermentation time (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control yogurt, CBH caused a decrease in product firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and index of viscosity/consistency. The additon of 0.5% CBH produced a higher decrease (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy showed that CBH caused changes in microstructure of yogurt that had a coarser, less cross-linked microstructure than control yogurt.
Technical Principle of Integrated Solidification and Cementation at Cement-Formation Interface with Mud Cake to Agglomerated Cake (MTA) Method and its Oilfield Application
Authors: Gu Jun , Yang Ya Xin , Dong Li Fei , Zhong Pei , Zhang Peng Wei
Published: May 2011

The technical principle of integrated solidification and cementation at cement-formation interface (ISCCFI) with Mud Cake to Agglomerated Cake (MTA) method based on the mud cake modifier and forming agent of agglomerated cake can be divided into two steps. Firstly, add the mud cake modifier (the amount is 1 % to 3 %) to the drilling fluid before drilling the isolation section, and keep this proportion until the well completion. Secondly, prepare 3 to 4 cubic meters of prepad fluid based on forming agent of agglomerated cake before the well cementing operation. This new method doesn’t need to change oilwell cement slurry system. In order to verify the practical cementing effect of MTA method, it was applicated in 16 adjustment wells (9 conventional wells and 7 heavy oil wells) in the old area of two oilfields in China. The interpretation results of CBL/VDL (Cement Bond Logging/Acoustic Variable Density logging) show that the qualified rate of casing-cement interface and cement-formation interface is up to 100 %, and the qualified rate of cement-formation interface increased by 30 % in Shengli oilfield and the average high-quality rate of all the isolation section length at cement-formation interface reaches 90.48 % in Henan oilfield.
Effects of Transglutaminase on Rheological and Film Forming Properties of Fish Gelatin
Authors: Liu Zun Ying , Lu Yuan , Ge Xiao Jun , Zeng Ming Yong
Published: May 2011

Rheological and film forming properties of fish gelatin modified by transglutaminase (TGase) were investigated. The results indicated that the modified gels had higher gel strength of 101.4 g and 118.6 g with added TGase of 1% and 2 %, respectively. Elastic modulus (G'), viscous modulus (G'') of modified gels were significantly increased by the addition of 2% TGase. Tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EAB) of modified film increased by 38.2% and 137.1%, respectively, compared with the control film (P<0.05). The use of TGase significantly decreased water vapor permeability (WVP) of resulting film. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microstructure analysis denoted a certain degree of interference of TGase in the arrangement of gelatin molecules.
Respiration Model of Agaricus bisporus under Modified Atmosphere Packaging Based on Enzyme Kinetics
Authors: Wang Juan , Wang Xiang You , Li Xia
Published: May 2011

The dynamic changes of the oxygen and carbon dioxide volume fraction，in modified atmosphere packaging ofAgaricus bisporuswere studied at different temperature. The respiration rate ofAgaricus bisporusunder modified atmosphere packaging at any instant of time were determined by improved permeable system. A respiration model, based on Michaelis-Menten type enzyme kinetics, was proposed for predicting respiration rates ofAgaricus bisporusas a function of O2and CO2volume fraction at the storage temperature. The model parameters were estimated by fitting the model to the experimental data by non-linear regression using Matlab. The effection on the model parameters of temperature was described by Arrhenius equation. The results suggest that, the low temperature and MAP could inhibit the respiration of mushroom, which is essential to the design of modified atmosphere package.
Study on the Interaction of Gingerol and Sudan Dye
Authors: Liu Cheng Lun , Xie Tai Ping , He Chun Lan , Xu Long Jun , Liu Zheng Shi
Published: May 2011

The antioxidation activity and the linear relationship between the absorbance and the concentration of gingerol were detected in different condition. Gingerol’s median effect concentration(EC50) was 7.6165ug·mL-1and its TAC was higher than that of ginger oleoresin prepared from ginger extract. The surface property of gingerol-Sudan (I) was investigated with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) .The linear pits of Sudan were observed , and the average size of Sudan was 18nm to 20nm in Z-range, there were a few tinodular islands of gingerol-Sudan in the AFM image. The tests demonstrated gingerol reacted with Sudan in appropriate alkalinity solution, and the products held larger maximum maximum wavelength(λmax). The reaction capacity of gingerol and the enlarging of λmaxwere closely related to the gingerol’s concentration. There was no signal for gingerol-fibrinogen solution in Sum Frequency Generation vibrational spectroscopy. The results indicted that gingerol could remove the Sudan’s toxicity from organic tissue and did not affect the property of fibrinogen.
Preparation and Characterization of Azithromycin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers
Authors: Wu Jia Ying , Xia Qiang
Published: May 2011

To function lipophilic drug Azithromycin (AZM) as ophthalmic preparation, Azithromycin-loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (AZM-NLC) were prepared by High Pressure Homogenization (HPH), and its stability was analyzed afterwards. Well-dissolved lipids of Azithromycin were selected, how the ratio of surfactants to lipids influenced the preparation of AZM-NLC was studied, and mature surfactant system was chosen. The optimized ratio of lipid carriers to emulsifiers [ polyoxyethylene (40) stearate - Poloxamer188 (7:3)] in this study was 1:6, and the final drug-capacity rate was 0.5%. Obtained by photon correlation spectroscopy, the mean particle size of AZM-NLC was 76±2 nm. The results showed that AZM-NLC had kept stable for 15 days, and mean particle size increased to 83 nm after four months.
Extraction and Partial Characterization of Pepsin-Soluble Collagens from the Skin of Amiurus Nebulosus
Authors: Chen Li Li , Zhao Li , Liu Hua , Wu Run Feng
Published: May 2011

Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) was successfully extracted from the skin of Amiurus nebulosus. The skin of Amiurus nebulosus was immersed in 0.3 mol/L acetic acid (1: 20, m: V) for 6 h at 37°C, while pepsin was added, at a level of 5000U/g dosage of defatted skin. The maximal yield of the collagen was 97.44%, which was higher than that of acid-soluble collagen (ASC) at 62.05%. Some properties of pepsin-soluble collagens from the skin of Amiurus nebulosus were characterized. Amino acid composition and SDS-PAGE suggested that the collagen might be classified as type I collagen. Moreover, FTIR investigations showed the existence of helical arrangements in PSC of Amiurus nebulosus skin of collagen. There is a possibility to use Amiurus nebulosus skin collagen as an alternative source of collagen for industrial purposes and subsequently it may maximize the economical value of the fish.
Effect of Mechanical Damage on the Potato’s Nutrients with Various Distance
Authors: Qi Hai Ping , Hu Wen Zhong , Jiang Ai Li , Tian Mi Xia
Published: May 2011

The effects of mechanical damage on nutritional compositions of fresh-cut potatoes into half averagely have been investigated. In particular, phenolic compouds, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities in 2.5mm (surface layer) and 5.0 mm (inner layer from surface) in depth from injury site of fresh-cut potatoes were monitored during storage for 4 days at 5°C. Some chemical index associated with the ripening stage of the product (titrable acidity and soluble solids content) were also evaluated. As a consequence of mechanical damage, The titrable acidity content of the fresh-cut potatoes drastic decrease (from 0.35% to 0.26%) in cut surface and (from 0.35% to 0.237%) in inner surface 1 day later during storage, soluble solids content from the surface layer potato declined from 4.53 Brix% to 2.24 Brix%. Phenolic compounds content climbed up to 2.839OD280/gFW within 1day and declined to 2.696OD280/gFW after 2 days. PPO activity tend to go up in cut surface(from 20 to 29.6 OD398nmmin-1g-1FW) and inner surface (from 20 to 29.56 OD398nmmin-1g-1FW) 2 days later during storage.
Property Evaluation of Polypropylene/Glass Fiber Complex Braids under a Base/Salt Environment
Authors: Lou Ching Wen , Chen Jin Mao , Lin Ching Wen , Hsing Wen Hao , Liao Hsien Chang , Lin Jia Horng
Published: May 2011

The earth can be strengthened by embeding geogrids within. Glass fibers, used in geogrids, are heat-resistant and have stable size and chemistry; however, they tend to break from the clefts on the surface. This project created complex braids for geogrids by wrapping glass fibers (GF) with polypropylene (PP) filaments, preventing the geogrids’ outer friction and combining two materials as a bind. An 8-spindle braid machine and a 16-spindle braid machine were employed for braiding process. The experimental group was divided into two subjects, one was PP/ GF complex braids heat-set and the other non-heat-set. Then PP/ GF complex braids were measured with tensile strength after being immersed in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions and sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions.
Study of Dyestuff Removal from Solution by Sunflower Seed Husk
Authors: Srisorrachatr Siriwan
Published: May 2011

The removal of dyes from synthetic wastewater by sunflower husk was studied in batch and dynamics removal. The extent of adsorption was studied in batch as a function of burning temperature, chemical treatment, adsorbents size, pH and solution temperature. Methylene blue and Mexican red in aqueous solution was used as synthetic wastewater. Dynamic removal of methylene blue and Mexican red by sunflower husk was also studied in packed bed column. In batch, both dyes were removed with the maximum adsorption by unburned adsorbents. Removal of methylene blue was increased when the adsorbents treated with NaOH whereas treated with HCl for Mexican red. The optimum pH for removal of methylene blue solution was between 4 and 10 and the maximum value for Mexican red was pH 2. The adsorption of methylene blue and Mexican red follows Langmuir adsorption model. In packed bed column, values of column parameter were investigated as a function of flow rate and bed height. Dynamic of adsorption process was modeled by bed depth service time (BDST) and the experimental data were fitted very well to the BDST model
Effect of Thickness on GLAD TiO2 Thin Films with Incline Spinning Substrate on Rotating Holder (ISSRH) Technique
Authors: Mekla Vatcharinkorn , Pukird Supakorn , Porntheerapat Supanit , Nukeaw Jiti
Published: May 2011

The report presents the effects of the thickness on the TiO2 thin films prepared by the GLAD technique with incline spinning substrate on rotating holder (ISSRH) by using the electron beam evaporation. The prepared films were heated at 500 °C for 2 hr in air. The microstructure of films was investigated by UV- visible photometer, X-ray diffraction, XRD and field emission scanning electron microscope, FE-SEM. The results showed the thickness of 10, 50, 100 and 300 nm films exhibited continuity distribution of the crystalline. The crystalline structure evidenced the dominant peak at the 300 nm thickness. GLAD TiO2 films exhibited the columnar growth and porosity. The TiO2 nanostructures showed rutile phase.
Carbon-Supported Gold Catalyst Modified by Doping with Ag for Cyclohexene Oxidation
Authors: Cai Zhen Yu , Zhu Ming Qiao , Tang Yue , Liu Yi , Dai Huan , Chen Xin Zhi , He Chao Hong
Published: May 2011

Carbon-supported gold catalysts Au/C were prepared by an impregnation-reduction method and modified by AgNO3to obtain bi-metallic catalysts Au-Ag/C, which were characterized by X-ray-diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Their catalytic performance was tested in the oxidation of cyclohexene in an autoclave without any solvent. The results showed that Ag doping can significantly enhance the catalytic performance of carbon-supported gold catalyst. Au(1.0 wt.%)-Ag(1.0 wt.%)/C has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the cyclohexene oxidation with a conversion of 27.6% at 80 °C and 0.4 MPa for 12 h while selectivity for ∑C6products (including cyclohexene oxide, 2-cyclohexene-1-ol, 2-cyclohexene-1-one and cyclohexane-1,2-diol) exceeding 88.9%, especially the selectivity of cyclohexane-1,2-diol up to 47.6%. Moreover, the effects of Au, Ag content on catalytic performance were also reported.
Study on Dilute Sulfuric Acid Hydrolysis of Corn Stover
Authors: Zhu Jun Ping , Ma Jian Lu , Liu Xiao Chen , Zhang Biao , Xu Wei Jie , Liu Xiao Xiao , Sang Ya Li , Dai Gui Fu , Wu Jian
Published: May 2011

The object of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the hydrolysis of corn stover by dilute sulfuric acid and the types of sugars existed in hydrolysate. Experiment results showed that the optimal conditions were hydrolysis temperature 120°C, stover size 20-40 mesh, soak time 36h, reaction time 100 min, H2SO4concentration 1.5% and solid-liquid ratio 1:8. Sugars gained in the hydrolysate were xylose 3.0%, glucose 0.71%, mannose 0.12% and galactose 0.32% determined by capillary electrophoresis.
Liquefaction of Cellulose in the Presence of Phenol and Main Reaction Pathway of its Liquefied Products
Authors: Feng Hao , Zheng Zhi Feng , Huang Yuan Bo , Zheng Yun Wu
Published: May 2011

The liquefaction of cellulose in the presence of phenol without or with sulfuric acid as catalyst was investigated. The liquefied products were characterized by GC/MS and FTIR. Results showed that reaction temperature and reaction time had obvious effects on liquefaction of cellulose. Sulfuric acid showed an excellent catalytic degradation. The chemical compositions of the liquefied products produced using sulfuric acid catalyst or not were almost identical, and the majority of the identified liquefied products were methylene bisphenol and its isomers. During the process of liquefaction, the degradation of cellulose and condensation polymerization occurred at the same time. The last liquefied products were greatly dependent on the reaction conditions.
Texture of Wheat Bread Improved by α-Amylase and Glucose Oxidase
Authors: Zeng Jie , Gao Hai Yan , Jin Lei , Zhang Zhao Pei , Zhang Hui Rong
Published: May 2011

The effects of α-amylase and glucose oxidase as bread improvers on the textural properties of bread were evaluated by texture profile analysis and Scanning electron micrograph. It was found that α-amylase and glucose oxidase could retard the bread aging. And Scanning electron microscopy showed that wheat bread with the addition of the enzymes exhibited the microstructures with the smoother surfaces. Therefore, α-amylase and glucose oxidase could be considered as the potential texture modifier for baked food.
The Study on Thermal Properties of Solid Solution (K, NH4)Cl
Authors: Yuan Jun Sheng , Li Ling , Ji Xiang , Su Min
Published: May 2011

Solid solutions with different compositions, mNH4Cl·KCl and NH4Cl·nKCl (m，n≥1), were prepared by the constant speed cooling method. The thermal stability of the solid solutions was determined by TG-DTA. The results show that mNH4Cl·KCl crystals change its crystal form at 180°C, decompose into ammonia and hydrogen chloride gas at 330°C, melt at 790°C, and finally evaporate at around 820°C. Its evaporation temperature increases with the increasing of potassium chloride content in the samples. The Solid solution of NH4Cl·nKCl decomposes to ammonia and hydrogen chloride gas at 230°C, melts at 790°C, and evaporates at 800°C. The continuous specific heat curve of the solid solution (NH4, K)Cl were also determined. These data provide a theoretical basis for further research on solid solution properties.
Synthesis of NaY Zeolite Molecular Sieves from Calcined Diatomite
Authors: Li Jin Hong , Chi Zhen Qing , Chen Hui Fen
Published: May 2011

NaY zeolite molecular sieves have been synthesized using diatomite as a main starting material via a hydrothermal method. In this approach, the mixture of diatomite and Na2CO3 in mass ratio of 1.0/1.46 was first calcined at temperature of 830 °C for about 1.5 h. The calcined materials were then dissolved in water to obtain a solution and the composition is 15.1 Na2O : 1 Al2O3 : 11.5 SiO2 : 832 H2O. The solution was used to synthesize NaY zeolite by the crystals seeds (27.76Na2O·1.00Al2O3·25.07SiO2·305.66H2O) via hydrothermal treatment. The hydrothermal temperature is 100 °C and the percentage of added crystal seeds is 10% (volume) relative to calcined materials. The obtained zeolite was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and nitrogen sorption analysis, which showed that a high yield of NaY type with a high crystalinity was obtained.
Research on Developing Carbon Resource with Primary Sludge by Two-Stage Complete Mixing Ferment Process
Authors: Zhao Bai Hang , Li Jun , Ren Jian
Published: May 2011

Two-stage complete mixing ferment process was used for developing carbon source with primary sludge. The effects of hydrolysis retention time (HRT) and sludge retention time (SRT) on the ferment system were studied. The results showed that the effective HRT was between 32 h and 36 h, and the effective SRT was between 4 d and 7 d. Under above conditions, the average effluent SCOD was in the range of 980 mg/L and 1180 mg/L, and supernatant MLSS was in the range of 50 mg/L and 80 mg/L. And then, the separation effect of the sludge thickener was clearly. Acidogenic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria could be separated effectively in the conditions.
Study on Chemical Compositions of Manihot Esculenta Crantz(M. utilissima Pohl)Stalks
Authors: Chen Cong Jin , Li Yue , Su Qiu Ming , Qu Li Juan , Chen Dong
Published: May 2011

The chemical compositions of Manihot esculenta crantz(M. utilissima Pohl)stalks were investigated, the contents of phenolic hydroxyl group and UV spectra of lignin were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The result showed that the chemical compositions of Manihot esculenta crantz(M. utilissima Pohl)stalks were as follows: ashes 4.97%, cold water extraction 12.04%, hot water extraction 12.57%, 1% sodium hydroxide solution extraction 34.16%, benzene-alcohol solution extraction 4.20%, nitric acid-alcohol cellulose 35.86%, holo-cellulose 72.62%, pentosan 19.20%, acid-soluble lignin 2.51%, acid-insoluble lignin 26.10%, organic solvent-soluble lignin 1.07%, pectin content is 0.02%; it can be used as a non-wood renewable source of natural products.Phenolic hydroxyl content of organic solvent-soluble lignin and acid-insoluble lignin are 1.245 mmol·g-1 and 0.261mmol·g-1 respectively; the maximum absorption wavelength of organic solvent-soluble lignin and acid-soluble lignin in the UV region is near to 205 nm and 280 nm, but shifts to long wavelength or short wavelength with the nature of the different solvents.
Muti-Factors Correlation Study for the Additive Effect on Manufacture of Residue Derived Fuel (RDF) from Rice Husk
Authors: Leu Jai Houng
Published: May 2011

As we know, agricultural waste like rice husk & straw etc., are produced a lot from the rice paddy special caution is needed in order to prevent the resulting serious environment pollution. Due to lack of practical additive influence of RDF production in the present, the present research will be involved in forming parameters of temperature, pressure etc. in addition to ameliorate strength and thermal performance test of the RDF product by the additive. The optimal condition of manufacture technique will be concluded and suggested for the reference of processes in the practical plant establishment.
Tungsten Carbide Catalyst Supported on Carbon Nanotube for the Hydrogenation of Cellulose
Authors: Du Chang Hai , Zhou Liang , Zhao Sha Sha
Published: May 2011

The tungsten carbide catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes were prepared by the temperature-programmed reduction, and there were used as catalysts for the hydrogenation of cellulose. The optimum synthesis and reactive conditions were investigated. The results show that the WC loading was 40%, the catalyst calcination temperature was 773K, the reduction temperature was 1073K. The conversion rate of cellulose could reach 84.5%, and the yield of sorbitol was 45.9%. The WC/CNTs catalysts show high catalytic activities and higher selectivity towards sorbitol in crystal cellulose hydrogenation.
The Study of Sludge Characteristics for One-Stage Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion Process
Authors: Cheng Jie Hong , Zhang Yan Yan , Zhu Nan Wen , Liu Shu Gen
Published: May 2011

One-stage Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion was autonomously designed to treat municipal sludges. By the way of batch operation experiment, the influence of removal rates of volatile suspended solids(VSS), total suspended solids(TSS), auto-rise temperature, and COD concentration, volatile fatty acid concentration of sludge, were investigated respectively. The results showed that a large part of reactor temperature was in thermophilic statues at 56°C-60°C during sludge digestion period; Municipal sludges treated have achieved stabilization standard of 503 articles of EPA while removal rates of VSS and TSS at 38.9% and 31% respectively for 360h retention time. Resulting from micro-organisms hydrolysis reaction, total COD concentration of sludge supernatant (SCOD) was increased firstly and then dropped afterward during the process of digestion while total COD concentration of solid phase of sludge(TCOD) still fall down with removal rate of TCOD at 35.6% for 360h retention time. A sum of concentration of volatile fatty acid(VFA) was accumulated gradually in the sludge supernatant at 2745mg/L for 360h retention time because of micro-aerobic situation in the beginning of digestion process, and can be use as the carbon sources for wastewater treatment process.
Delignification with Alkaline Peroxide from Lespedeza Stalks Steam-Pretreated at Low Severity
Authors: Su Zhao Qin , Li Xue , Xing Yang , Jiang Jian Xin
Published: May 2011

A steam pretreatment method with low severity and post pretreatment with alkaline peroxide were investigated in this study with respect to the factors affecting delignification efficiency of Lespedeza Stalks. In alkaline peroxide procedure, four factors were compared to evaluate the lignin removal: substrate concentration (w/w), the ratio of peroxide to substrate (w/w), temperature and time. The remaining lignin of fractions from Lespedeza stalks steam pretreated at low severity was apparently reduced by post treatment with 1 g H2O2/g substrate at the substrate concentration of 1.67% under 60°C for 72h. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the samples with alkaline peroxide treatment have the smoother surface because of the elimination of lignin droplets and the fiber bundles individualized.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Furfural Residues Using Crude Trichoderma cellulases
Authors: Liu Hui Qin , Feng Yue , Jiang Jian Xin , Zhu Li Wei
Published: May 2011

The aim of this study was to compare the hydrolytic potential of the cellulase produced byTrichoderma pseudokoningiiand byTrichoderma koningiiin the enzymatic hydrolysis of furfural residues with different cellulose content. The results showed that the glucose yield was improved by increasing the cellulose of the substrates. The maximum glucose yield of 83.7% was obtained when the substrates with cellulose content of 94.92%, which was hydrolyzed by the enzymes produced byTrichoderma pseudokoningii.The cellulolytic enzyme fromTrichoderma pseudokoningiiwas found to have a high hydrolysis capability to the furfural residues and it possessed more efficient adsorption and desorption on the substrates. There was the nonproductive cellulase adsorption onto lignin in the enzymatic hydrolysis of the furfural residues by the cellulase preparations fromT.strains.
Preparation of Glass-Ceramic Materials from Rare Earth Tailings
Authors: Luo Wen Yan , Xiao Zhuo Hao
Published: May 2011

Glass-ceramics materials based on rare earth tailings were prepared by conventional molten cooling method and crystallization process. The composition of the matrix glass was determined by the phase diagram of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2and up to 60 wt% rare earth content was utilized. The phase composition and microstructure of the prepared glass-ceramics materials was tested and observed by DSC, XRD and SEM. The results show the predominant crystal phase of the prepared glass-ceramics is calcium silicate when crystallization temperature ranges from 950°C to 1050 °C. When crystallization temperature is 950°C, a large number of glass phase and spherical crystal with size of 20um coexisted. While the crystalline phase of calcium silicate turned to lamellar from spherical and glass phase disappeared when treating temperature increased to 1050°C.
Biosorption of Acid Dyes Using Modified Chitosan: Effect of Dye Structure, Hydrogen Bonding and PH
Authors: Wang Zuo Hua , Xiang Bo , Zhai Zheng , Li Yi Jiu
Published: May 2011

This work investigated sorption properties of diethylenetriamine derivative of chitosan (CTSN) for removal of acid dyes (Acid Green 25 (AG25), Acid Red 18 (AR18) and Acid Orange 10 (AO10)) from aqueous solutions. Sorption kinetics was firstly evaluated. It was found that pseudo-second-order model fits well with these dyes adsorbed on CTSN. Compared with normal chitosan, CTSN has higher capacity for AR18 and AO10, but a lower value for AG25. Mechanisms and interactions of dyes with CTSN were also discussed by study the effect of pH, influence of hydrogen-bonding and comparing the sorption capacities.
Extraction and Analysis of Water-Insoluble Pyrolyzed Oil from Rice Hull
Authors: Mei Li Min , Liu Shao Peng , Zong Zhi Min , Yue Xiao Ming , Sun Bing , Huang Li Li , Liu Fang Jing , Wang Tao Tao , Qing Yu , Wei Xian Yong
Published: May 2011

Rice husk bio-oil composition is very complex, Presented in this study for water-insoluble bio-oil. They were fatherly extracted by organic solvent, such as petroleum ether (PE), carbon disulfide(CS2), Tetrachloride(CCl4) and benzene by step, the extract from which was analysised by GC/MS, This paper focuses on one of the benzene extract.
Effect of Phenol on the Treatment of Disorderly Discharged Sewage in Tidal Rivers by Bio-Film Process
Authors: Liu Zheng Hua , Chen Hong Ying
Published: May 2011

The in situ treatment of disorderly discharged sewage by bio-film process with multiple enzymes stimulant was carried out in this study. The removal of the phenol in sewage was studied. The promotion of multiple enzymes stimulant on treatment of sewage by biofilm process was also investigated. The experiments results indicated that during the ebb tide, the remove rate of phenol was stable (88%) on the sixth day in the dosing pools and it was stable (83%) on the seventh day in the contrast pool. During the rising tide, the remove rate of phenol was stable (78%) on the sixth day in the dosing pools and it was stable (74%) on the seventh day in the contrast pool. It indicated that the bio-film process enhanced by dosing multiple enzymes stimulant possessed the promotion effect of pollutant removal. The bio-film process enhanced by bio-stimulant had good performance in treating the wastewater from discharging points of rivers, which had a broad practical application as assistant means of water body remediation.
Study on Sewage Disposal by Bio-Film Process Dosing with Enzyme
Authors: Liu Zheng Hua , Chen Hong Ying
Published: May 2011

The paper studied enhanced treatment of sewage from discharging points of rivers by bio-film process dosing with enzyme and investigated the promotion effect of enzyme on treatment of sewage by bio-film process. The removal of phenol in sewage was also researched. The experiments results indicated that during the ebb tide, the remove rate of phenol was stable (33%) on the eighth day in the dosing pools and it was stable (31.6%) on the eighth day in the contrast pool. During the rising tide, the remove rate of phenol was stable (30%) on the eighth day in the dosing pools and it was stable (27.2%) on the eighth day in the contrast pool. It indicated that enzyme had good promotion effect on bio-film process during the sewage treatment process. Biological accelerator-bio-film process could effectively reduce the impact of sewage on river and it had a good application prospect as the auxiliary means for water restore.
Direct Convert Glycerol into Alcohols by Disproportionation Reaction
Authors: Mao Fu Lin , Li Wen Sheng , Zhou Xiao Ping
Published: May 2011

The disproportionation reaction of glycerol over NaOH was reported in this article. The effects of reaction temperature, glycerol to NaOH mol ratio, glycerol concentration in calcium carbonate, and reaction time were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, 82.6% of glycerol conversion with 44.6% of total alcohol selectivity (propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, methanol, and ethanol) was obtained.
Performance Analysis of CO2 Capture System by MEA Method Based on Solar Assisted Heat Pump Technology
Authors: Yang Qian Ming , Luo Yong Guo
Published: May 2011

The MEA method basic process and CO2 capture system by the MEA method based on the lean solution source heat pump technology have been introduced. The desorption energy consumption of the system has been analyzed and caculated. The results show that heat pump technology combined with MEA method can reduce desorption energy consumption of system substantially. A new type of CO2 capture system by the MEA method with the solar-lean solution compound source heat pump providing desorption heat is put forward，whose thermodynamic performance is analyzed and the result indicates that desorption energy consumption can be decreased further by applying the solar assisted heat pump technology in the MEA method.
Preparation of Phosphomolybdic Acid/Activated Semi-Coke Catalyst and its Application for Oxidative Desulfurization of Gasoline
Authors: Wang Liang , Li Chun Hu , Zhang Zhen
Published: May 2011

Oxidative desulfurization of gasoline was conducted in emulsion oxidative system (water –in-oil [W/O]) using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and water as extractive solvent, span60 as surfactant. Phosphomolybdic acid / activated semi-coke (30 wt%)were prepared by impregnation. These catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of amount of catalysts, on the efficiency of desulfurization was investigated. Under this operation condition, the sulfur level of the desulfurized gasoline can be lowered from 550 ppm to below 80 ppm after oxidation and extraction. In addition, the gasoline after oxidation and extraction were analyzed by GC-FPD for sulfur content.
Characterization of Spent Catalysts during Hydrodemetallization of Atmosphere Residue
Authors: Liu Yong Jun
Published: May 2011

The deactivation behavior of industrial hydrodemetallization catalysts was investigated in the presented work. The main objective of the study is to contribute to a better understanding of the nature of the coke and metal deposition on the used catalysts by applying chemical analysis and various advanced analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR). The results are discussed scientifically based on the physico–chemical properties of origin and used catalysts.
Gas Column/Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bio Oil Treated by Aqueous Two Phase System
Authors: Liu Shao Peng , Zong Zhi Min , Zhang Shan Shan , Xu Yue , Gong Gui Zhen , Sun Shian , Yao Ting , Wei Qing , Wei Xian Yong
Published: May 2011

Bio oil aqueous two phase systems were formed with ethanol and the salts of (NH4)2SO4, K2HPO4 and NaH2PO4 in bio oil on the ratio of 10:5:10(by mass). After phase separation, both the upper and the lower layers were analyzed by gas column/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). As a result, both K2HPO4/ethanol and NaH2PO4/ethanol system can enrich phenols and levoglucosan in the upperand lower layers,respectly, while NaH2PO4/ethanol system seldom changes the components of bio oil; the (NH4)2SO4/ethanol system is quit different with the other two and we have detected some components with nitrogen. Hence, NaH2PO4/ethanol is an advantage aqueous two phase system for bio oil treatment.
Preparation and Performance Research of Polyimide Modified Nylon Resin
Authors: Zhao Hong Kai , Xiao Li Guang , Zhang Xiao Jing
Published: May 2011

High performance trend of plastics has become a hot spot of current research. Select bisphenol A dianhydride and bisphenol A diamine with excellent water resistance as the reactant monomers to obtain anhydride-terminated polyimide with very high molecular weight by two-step polymerization, graft the active radicals of acyl caprolactam using the activity of anhydride and obtain PI modified nylon resin by polymerization. It is proved that the reaction in each above step is successful through infrared analysis. Through microscopic analysis, the molecules of polyimide does not enter crystallization phase of nylon resin, but forms compact lamellar crystals existing in nylon matrix.
Preparation and Characterization of a New Type Lithium Hexafluorophosphate Complex
Authors: Yang Hai Lan , Zhang Zhi Ye , Yang Lin , Zhong Ben He , Li Ling Yun , Huang Xiao Xia , Wang Xin Long
Published: May 2011

In this paper, a new type lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) complex was prepared with a new method using phosphorus pentachlorine (PCl5), lithium fluoride (LiF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (C4H10O2). The structure of the complex was carefully characterized by FTIR, TG-DTG,1H NMR and31P NMR. FTIR results indicate that the synthesized complex is consisted of LiPF6and C4H10O2. Chemical analysis shows that the content of LiPF6in the complex is about 45%, which could infer that the mole ratio of LiPF6and LiPF6(C4H10O2)2in the complex is 1:2. The results of1H NMR and31P NMR further confirm the composition of the complex and determine the structure. The molecular formula of the LiPF6complex is LiPF6(C4H10O2)2. Thermal analysis shows that the strong decomposition peaks of the complex appear at 75°C and 175°C. LiPF6(C4H10O2)2may be used in the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery which 1,2-dimethoxyethane is permitted or broke down into LiPF6after further preparation.
Theoretic Study on a Direct-Expanded Ground-Source Heat Pump
Authors: Cao Xiao Lin , Wang Fang Fang , Yang Si Si , Cao Shuang Jun , Zeng Wei
Published: May 2011

A distributed parameter method has been established for a ground-source heat pump in this paper, with this model, the working process of this heat pump system was simulated. The results agree well with experimental data and show that heat-capacity and COP increase when the cooling water flow rate in the tube-in-tube heat exchanger increases; heat-capacity decreases when the temperature of inlet water of the tube-in-tube heat exchanger rises; COP, between 3.8 and 4.5, is higher than that of conventional air-source heat pumps.
Study of Polymeric Crude Oil Fluid Improver Crystallinity
Authors: Zhang Hong , Xiao Wen Fa
Published: May 2011

The characteristic groups of polymer were analyzed by the IR spectrometrer. The crystallinity of different style wax crystal and the fluid improver additive(FIA) were measured by the X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed crystallinity of wax crystal was close correlation with the polymer fluid improver and the change of wax crystal dispersibilty will be caused by the difference of crystallinity which make change of pour point depressing behaviour of the crude oil. At the same time found when crystallinity of the wax crystal was match with the additive the wax crystal dispersibilty and pour point depressing and viscosity depressing will change well that was proved by fluid behaviour improving at low temperature of crude oil system.
Very High Gravity Fermentation Using Sweet Potato for Fuel Ethanol Production
Authors: Shen Yu , Zhang Hai Dong , Zheng Xu Xu , Zhang Xian Ming , Guo Jin Song , Chen You Peng
Published: May 2011

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) was a wildely planted root crop in most area of China and considered as a good feedstock for fuel ethanol production. Very high gravity ethanol fermentation technology exhibited promising industrial application for advantages including productivity improvement, polluted water output reduction and energy consumption saving. In this study very high gravity liquefied sweet potato mash containing 260 g/kg glucose (after fully saccharified) was used for fuel ethanol fermentation. 0.8 g/kg (dry matter weight) was proved as the optimum glucoamylase adding dosage in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Datas analysis indicated that the osmotic pressure was controlled strictly exhibited by high growth rate of yeast and high rate of ethanol formation comparing with other dosages, and 119.78 g/kg (15.07 %, v/v) ethanol equivalent to 90.16 % of theoretical yield was achieved in 64 hours.
Optimization of Operating Parameters of Liquid-Liquid Circulation Fluidized Bed for Ice-Making Based on Exergy Method
Authors: Liang Kun Feng , Gao Chun Yan , Wang Lin
Published: May 2011

A novel method of dynamic ice forming, liquid-liquid circulating fluidized bed, was studied using direct contact heat transfer between drops and the coolant for ice storage system. In order to model multiphase flows and heat transfer in circulating fluidized bed, a numerical model was developed. Exergy discharge was discussed for liquid-liquid circulating fluidized bed based on the second law of thermodynamics. Numerical method was used to study the influence of operating parameters, such as the droplet diameter and the inlet temperature or velocity average of liquid phase, on the ice-making performance and total exergy discharge in the dynamic ice-making process.