bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studded leather collars are very effective in protecting cattle from leopard (Panthera pardus) attacks
Authors: Khorozyan Igor , Ghoddousi Siavash , Soufi Mobin , Soofi Mahmood , Waltert Matthias
Published: June 2020

Human‐wildlife conflicts are widespread, particularly with big cats which can kill domestic livestock and create a counteraction between conservation and local livelihoods, especially near protected areas. Minimisation of livestock losses caused by big cats and other predators is essential to mitigate conflicts and promote socially acceptable conservation. As big cats usually kill by throat bites, protective collars represent a potentially effective non‐lethal intervention to prevent livestock depredation, yet the application and effectiveness estimation of these tools are very limited.

In this study, for the first time we measured the effectiveness of studded leather collars in protecting cattle from leopard (Panthera pardus) attacks. We conducted a randomised controlled experiment during 14 months to collar 202 heads and leave uncollared 258 heads grazing in forests and belonging to 27 owners from eight villages near three protected areas in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran.

Our results show that none of collared cattle and nine uncollared cattle were lost to leopard depredation, meaning that collars caused a zero relative risk of damage and a perfect 100% damage reduction. Most losses occurred in summer and autumn due to lush vegetation attracting more cattle, long daytime allowing movements deep into leopard habitats and dense cover favouring leopard hunts from ambush. Losses were recorded in only six owners and four villages, suggesting local rarity and patchy distribution of leopards.

We suggest that collars can be successfully applied to cattle freely grazing in habitats of leopards or other felids for a long time and thus remaining persistently exposed to depredation. As grazing cattle are usually not supervised by shepherds or dogs, collars can be the only practical protection tool. Production and sales of collars can become a sustainable small‐scale business for farmers to further boost conservation and rural livelihoods.
Investigating whether controlling and aggressive relationship behaviors are discriminant
Authors: Dempsey Fiona , Hammond Matt , Dixon Louise
Published: June 2020

Control is theorized as central to intimate partner aggression (IPA). Tools measuring nonphysical “controlling behaviors” in relationships have therefore been developed to identify the latent construct of control. However, the underlying assumption that “controlling behaviors” form a distinct subset of IPA has not been validated. This study investigates the divergent validity of acts considered as “controlling behaviors” against other aggressive acts used in relationships. The IPA and relationship literatures were reviewed to identify 1,397 items involving “controlling,” physical, sexual, and psychologically aggressive acts perpetrated and/or experienced by an intimate partner. In total, 101 item pairs were identified and used to measure IPA tactics across these categories. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis in a community sample (N = 561) found no evidence of a distinct factor of “controlling behaviors.” Behaviors labeled as “controlling” in existing measures were distributed across other factors, including “eclectic aggression,” “direct psychological aggression,” and “monitoring acts.” In Study 2A (N = 424 students), confirmatory factor analysis replicated the results of Study 1 and established configural measurement invariance (Study 2B), indicating no evidence for psychometric differences between samples. These results indicate that behaviors described as “controlling” in existing measures were not statistically distinguishable from other forms of IPA, and suggest that future research should investigate motivational, rather than behavioral, differences in the use of IPA. The findings challenge research to confirm whether a set of discrete behaviors can be used to accurately identify control in relationships and question the validity of tools that adopt this methodology.
Epidemiology, Time Trends, and Outcomes of Serious Infections in Patients With Vasculitis: A Nineteen‐Year National Study
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Cleveland John D.
Published: June 2020

Objective

To examine the epidemiology, time trends, and outcomes and types of serious infections in people with vasculitis in the US.

Methods

We identified people with vasculitis who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of pneumonia, sepsis/bacteremia, urinary tract infection (UTI), skin and soft tissue infections, or opportunistic infections in the 1998–2016 US National Inpatient Sample. We used adjusted logistic regression to examine the predictors of a hospital stay >3 days, total hospital charges greater than the median, discharge to a non‐home setting, and in‐hospital mortality.

Results

We noted 111,345 serious infections in patients with vasculitis (14% of all vasculitis hospitalizations). Among the patients, the mean age was 67.3 years, the Deyo‐Charlson comorbidity index score was ≥2 in 54%, 37% were male, and 67% were White. The serious infection hospitalization rate per 100,000 US National Inpatient Sample claims in 1998–2000 versus 2015–2016 (and rates of increase) in patients with vasculitis was as follows: overall, 12.14 versus 25.15 (2.1‐fold); opportunistic infections, 0.78 versus 0.83 (1.1‐fold); skin and soft tissue infections, 1.38 versus 2.52 (1.8‐fold); UTI, 0.35 versus 1.48 (4.2‐fold); pneumonia, 7.10 versus 6.23 (0.9‐fold); and sepsis, 2.53 versus 14.10 (5.6‐fold). Pneumonia was the most common serious infection in 1998–2000 (58%) versus sepsis in 2015–2016 (56%). Sepsis, older age, Deyo‐Charlson comorbidity index score of ≥2, urban hospital, or medium/large hospital (by number of beds) were associated with higher health care utilization and in‐hospital mortality rates; Northeast region and Medicare and Medicaid payer type were associated with higher rates of health care utilization.

Conclusion

Serious infection hospitalization rates are increasing in patients with vasculitis except among those with pneumonia. Sepsis was the most common serious infection in 2015–2016. Several patient and hospital factors are associated with health care utilization and mortality in serious infection hospitalization in vasculitis.
Sulfonyl Hydrazides in Organic Synthesis: A Review of Recent Studies
Authors: Zhao Shuangte , Chen Kaijun , Zhang Ling , Yang Weiguang , Huang Dayun
Published: June 2020

Sulfonyl hydrazides are widely used as organic reagents. Advances in the past decade are summarized in the following categories by key intermediates: (1) [RO2S.]; (2) RO2SSR; (3) [ArS.]; (4) [RO2S−]; (5) RSO2‐[Metal] species; (6) Ar‐[Metal] species; (7) RSX; (8) RS‐DBU; (9) nucleophilic amino group; (10) sulfonyl hydrazides as diazene or sulfinic acid surrogate. Reactions with alkenes, alkynes, aldehydes, alcohols, thiophenol, Grignard reagents, among others, are discussed. We hope this review will promote future research in this area.

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Association between Pregnancy and Cervical Artery Dissection
Authors: Salehi Omran Setareh , Parikh Neal S. , Poisson Sharon , Armstrong Jennifer , Merkler Alexander E. , Prabhu Malavika , Navi Babak B. , Riley Laura E. , Fink Matthew E. , Kamel Hooman
Published: June 2020

Objective

We wanted to determine whether pregnancy is associated with cervical artery dissection.

Methods

We performed a case–control study using claims data from all nonfederal emergency departments and acute care hospitals in New York and Florida between 2005 and 2015. Cases were women 12–42 years of age hospitalized with cervical artery dissection, defined using validated diagnosis codes for carotid/vertebral artery dissection. Controls were women 12–42 years of age with a primary diagnosis of renal colic. Cases and controls were matched 1:1 on age, race, insurance, income, state, and visit year. The exposure variable was pregnancy, defined as labor and delivery within 90 days before or 6 months after the index visit. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds of pregnancy between cases and controls. We performed a secondary cohort‐crossover study comparing the risk of cervical artery dissection during pregnancy versus the same time period 1 year later.

Results

Pregnancy was twice as common among 826 women with cervical artery dissection compared with the 826 matched controls with renal colic (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–4.7). In our secondary analysis, pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of cervical artery dissection (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3–3.5), with the heightened risk limited to the postpartum period (IRR, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.6–11.7).

Interpretation

Pregnancy, specifically the postpartum period, was associated with hospitalization for cervical artery dissection. Although these findings might in part reflect ascertainment bias, our results suggest that arterial dissection is one mechanism by which pregnancy can lead to stroke. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:596–602
Reconfigurable T‐junction DNA Origami
Authors: Young Katherine G. , Najafi Behnam , Sant William M. , Contera Sonia , Louis Ard A. , Doye Jonathan P. K. , Turberfield Andrew J. , Bath Jonathan
Published: June 2020

DNA self‐assembly allows the construction of nanometre‐scale structures and devices. Structures with thousands of unique components are routinely assembled in good yield. Experimental progress has been rapid, based largely on empirical design rules. Herein, we demonstrate a DNA origami technique designed as a model system with which to explore the mechanism of assembly. The origami fold is controlled through single‐stranded loops embedded in a double‐stranded DNA template and is programmed by a set of double‐stranded linkers that specify pairwise interactions between loop sequences. Assembly is via T‐junctions formed by hybridization of single‐stranded overhangs on the linkers with the loops. The sequence of loops on the template and the set of interaction rules embodied in the linkers can be reconfigured with ease. We show that a set of just two interaction rules can be used to assemble simple T‐junction origami motifs and that assembly can be performed at room temperature.
Engaging with Parents in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
Authors: Brown Jenny
Published: June 2020

This paper asks the question: How can child and adolescent mental health clinicians constructively engage parents as a resource in the young person's treatment? It draws from qualitative research data that explore parents' experience of their involvement in their adolescent's mental health treatment program. The paper especially focuses on challenges for clinicians in engaging with parents as part of the treatment program for young people. Clinicians' input about their perceptions of interacting with parents is utilised alongside parents' experiences of their involvement in clinical processes. The clinician data revealed key challenges were managing their reactions to parent defensiveness; broadening the focus from just alleviating symptoms in the young person; not taking sides with the young person; and resisting becoming an expert instructor. The paper discusses Murray Bowen's original family research about engaging parents in treatment with the symptom bearer and addresses how clinicians can build a positive alliance with parents that avoids blame while constructively opening exploration of the family relationship process as part of a collaborative approach.
Synthesis and properties of UV‐curable waterborne urethane modified acrylic coatings with varying vinyl content
Authors: Li Tongqing , Zhang Pingan , Chen Bo , Liu Simeng , Deng Jianru
Published: June 2020

It has been an effective method to improve the metal protective performance of UV‐curable waterborne coatings by increasing the crosslinking degree. Hence, a series of UV‐curable waterborne urethane modified acrylic (UV‐WUA) coatings with different vinyl content were prepared. Firstly, a functional prepolymer containing carboxyl and hydroxyl groups was synthesized by free radical copolymerization (FRCP) using acrylic acid (AA), 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA). Next, it was grafted with different amounts of semi‐adduct of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and HEA (IPDI‐HEA), and finally neutralized and hydrated, obtaining UV‐WUA dispersions which were then cured by UV to acquire cured films and coatings. Meanwhile, molecular structures, molecular weights, particle sizes, and Zeta potentials were characterized. Then, the heat resistance, mechanical performance, adhesion and the pencil hardness of the coatings were also investigated. Moreover, their protective performance was tested by electrochemical methods, and the surface morphology was analyzed by atomic force microscopy. The results showed that the coating had desirable comprehensive performance when vinyl content reached 0.86 mmol·g−1.
Efficient polymer solar cells utilizing solution‐processed interlayer based on different conjugated backbones
Authors: Shi Yueqin , Yu Zhanyang , Li Zhengjun , Zhao Xiaodong , Li Xin , Xu Minxuan , Zhang Xuefeng , Zhang Qi
Published: June 2020

The poor energy conversion efficiency for those polymer solar cells (PSCs) creates an obstacle for their commercialization. Inspired by this issue, two cathode interlayers, PBTBTz‐TMAI and PBTzPh‐TMAI based on benzothiadiazole (BT) and benzotriazole (BTz)‐conjugated or benzene (Ph) and BTz‐conjugated alternating units (both exhibits the same tetravalent amine‐end side chain), were synthesized via Suzuki coupling polymerization and trivalent amine‐end ionization. When PBTBTz‐TMAI and PBTzPh‐TMAI were utilized as cathode interlayers in PSCs, the charge‐carrier transfer from active layer to cathode electrode was significantly improved, accompanied by an optimized exciton dissociation efficiency, primarily attributed to the introduction of tetravalent amine groups. Consequently, the device with PBTBTz‐TMAI exhibited power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) = 8.3 and 10.5% for the PTB7:PC71BM‐based and PBDB‐T:ITIC‐based PSCs, respectively. In parallel, devices with a PBTzPh‐TMAI cathode interlayer (that were established on the active layers of PTB7:PC71BM and PBDB‐T:ITIC) obtained a remarkably superior optoelectric efficiency with PCEs = 8.5 and 10.8%. These findings offer an alternative tactic toward to high efficiency PSCs to meet the increasing energy crisis.
Queen ConchLobatus gigaspopulation estimates and age structure suggest a potential natural refuge on the Cay Sal Bank, The Bahamas
Authors: Souza Jr Philip M. , Kough Andrew S.
Published: June 2020

Cultural and economic demands for queen conch,Lobatus gigas(Linnaeus, 1758), have led to the overexploitation of this iconic species throughout its range in the wider Caribbean. Fisheries managers have responded in many ways, from remaining idle to placing moratoriums on conch harvest, yet heavily harvested conch populations have been slow to recover, and descriptions of natural baselines are missing.

The study describes a population of conch surveyed on the isolated, partially submerged, carbonate platform known as the Cay Sal Bank, The Bahamas, using traditional and interpolation techniques. Counts and shell measurements of conch within six study areas were obtained using 118 timed dive surveys over shallow water habitat (<20 m).

The density and standing stock of adult conch were calculated using raw estimates, estimates retroactively standardized by distance, and estimates from Geographic Information Systems (GIS) kriging interpolation. All methods result in similar abundance estimates and include one of the highest abundances of conch found for decades in legally fishable waters within the Caribbean.

Shell measurements revealed multiple‐year cohorts within the nurseries encountered, suggesting consistent recruitment. Lip thickness, a proxy for age, significantly increased with distance to Nassau in unprotected areas within The Bahamas, and Cay Sal Bank contains the second oldest average population observed in legally fishable waters.

Media reports show that remote Bahamian banks are increasingly threatened by poaching as fishers deplete accessible stocks. Biophysical models demonstrate potential larval connectivity from Cay Sal Bank to both the Grand and Little Bahamas banks. We suggest protecting Cay Sal Bank as a modern baseline for conservation management and as a larval source located upstream of major Bahamian fishing grounds.
An aminonaphthalene‐based colorimetric and fluorescent sensor for selective recognition of Fe3+ in water
Authors: Nizar Syaza Atikah , Kobayashi Takaomi , Mohd Suah Faiz Bukhari
Published: June 2020

This paper describes the synthesis of poly(1‐aminonaphthalene) and its application as a chemosensor for detection of Fe3+ using the naked eye and a fluorimetric method. The conjugated polymer was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization using FeCl3 as a catalyst. The response of the polymer towards various metal ions was investigated using colorimetric detection, and ultraviolet–visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. The polymer displayed high selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe3+ compared with other metal ions. A significant colour change from purple to yellow was observed upon addition of Fe3+ by the naked eye. The polymer also showed a high selectivity and sensitivity ‘turn‐off’ fluorescence response towards Fe3+ ions. A good linear response was obtained for Fe3+ concentrations in the range 10–50 mg L−1 with a detection limit of 1.04 mg L−1. The proposed chemosensor was applied for determination of Fe3+ content in water samples and satisfactory results were obtained.
Correlation between the level of the external wound and the internal injury in penetrating neck injury does not favour an initial zonal management approach
Authors: Madsen A S , Bruce J L , Oosthuizen G V , Bekker W , Smith M , Manchev V , Laing G L , Clarke D L
Published: June 2020

Background

Many current protocols for managing penetrating neck injuries (PNIs) still suggest zonal approaches. This study was undertaken to determine the correlation between the zone of the external wound and the level of the internal injury, and to verify whether a ‘no-zone’ approach to PNI is valid.

Methods

Patients admitted with a PNI to a tertiary trauma care centre between January 2011 and May 2018 were identified from a trauma database. Those with confirmed injury to the vascular system or an aerodigestive tract injury (ADTI) were included in the study. The medical records of each patient were reviewed with regard to the zone of the external wound and the level of internal injury, and the findings were compared.

Results

In the period under review, 1075 patients were treated for a PNI. Of these, 298 (27·7 per cent) had a confirmed vascular injury or ADTI and were included in the cohort. In 176 patients (59·1 per cent) the site of the internal injury was in the same zone as the external wound. In a further 70 patients (23·5 per cent) there was no correlation between the site of the internal injury and the external wound, and in the remaining 52 patients (17·4 per cent) the correlation could not be determined. In this cohort, all clinically assessable patients with significant injuries had either physical signs suggestive of injury or deep surgical emphysema on radiological examination.

Conclusion

An approach to PNI based on zones is questionable, and this study supports a no-zone approach based on imaging guided by clinical examination.
RETRACTED: LINC00240 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and EMT via the miR‐124‐3p / DNMT3B axis
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Yan Jing , Wang Yiting , Wang Caifeng , Zhang Cheng , Li Guohua
Published: June 2020

Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of prevalent causes of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Long noncoding RNA is related to various cancers. Our study was conducted to explore the biological effects of LINC00240 on the tumorigenesis of GC and uncover its possible mechanisms. LINC00240 expression was determined in GC cell lines and samples through quantitative Real‐time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT‐PCR). The functional effects of LINC00240 were validated using in vitro and in vivo assays. Targets were assessed by AGO2‐dependent RNA immunoprecipitation assay and dual‐luciferase report assays. Our findings suggested higher LINC00240 expression in GC tissues and cells. Through downregulating LINC00240, cell proliferation, invasion and migration were retarded in vitro, and tumorigenesis of GC cells was notably suppressed in vivo. Further research showed that LINC00240 was a cytoplasmic lncRNA that shared miRNA response elements of microRNA (miR)‐124‐3p with DNMT3B, thus forming a LINC00240/miR‐124‐3p/DNMT3B axis explaining the functions of LINC00240. In a word, our study reveals that LINC00240 promotes GC tumorigenesis via a LINC00240/miR‐124‐3p/DNMT3B axis as an oncogene. These findings objectivise that LINC00240 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for GC.

Significance of the study

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer‐related death across the world. Then we analysed lncRNA microarray of GC and selected LINC00240 as the study object. Therefore, the potential molecular mechanism as well as physiological function of LINC00240 in GC was discussed. Then we reveal that LINC00240 acts as an oncogene in GC progression via the miR‐99a‐5p/IGF1R axis. This study is the first to demonstrate the roles of LINC00240 in GC.
Ni‐ and Co‐Substituted Metallic MoS2 for the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Attanayake Nuwan H. , Dheer Lakshay , Thenuwara Akila C. , Abeyweera Sasitha C. , Collins Coby , Waghmare Umesh V. , Strongin Daniel R.
Published: June 2020

A metallic MoS2 (M−MoS2) catalyst containing either Ni or Co with excellent activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under alkaline electrocatalytic conditions was investigated. To synthesize the 3d transition metal containing electrocatalysts, 1–20 at.% Ni or Co was substituted into the lattice of orthorhombic MoO3 and the doped metal oxide precursor was sulfided and converted to Ni/M−MoS2 or Co/M−MoS2. Raman spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy were used to verify that the Ni or Co substituted MoS2 was the metallic‐like 1T′ phase of the metal dichalcogenide. The 10 at.% Ni/M−MoS2 (10 at.% Co/M−MoS2) electrochemical HER catalyst investigated under alkaline conditions exhibited a low onset potential of ∼−75 mV (∼−100 mV) and overpotential of −145 mV (−160 mV) at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. Pristine M−MoS2 exhibited both a higher onset potential of ∼−150 mV and a higher overpotential of −240 mV at 10 mA/cm2. First‐principles density functional theory analysis showed that substitution of 3d transition metals like Ni and Co in the metallic MoS2 structure notably stabilized the distorted polytype of 1T′−MoS2, lowering the free energy for H binding and H2O dissociation, both important steps in alkaline HER, giving rise to enhanced activity towards HER.
Differentiation between Carbon Corrosion and Oxygen Evolution Catalyzed by NixB/C Hybrid Electrocatalysts in Alkaline Solution using Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Möller Sandra , Barwe Stefan , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Masa Justus , Andronescu Corina , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: June 2020

Carbon is a frequently used electrode material and an important additive in catalyst films. Its corrosion is often reported during electrocatalysis at high anodic potentials, especially in acidic electrolyte. Investigation of the carbon corrosion in alkaline environment is difficult due to the CO2/CO32− equilibrium. We report the on‐line determination of electrolysis products generated on NixB/C hybrid electrocatalysts in alkaline electrolyte at anodic potentials using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). NixB/C catalyst films were obtained from mixtures containing different ratios of NiXB and benzoxazine monomers followed by polymerization and pyrolysis. The impact of the composition of the electrocatalyst on the dominant electrolysis process allows to distinguish between the oxygen evolution reaction and carbon corrosion using DEMS results as well as the catalyst surface composition evaluated from X‐ray photoelectron spectra. At the imposed highly oxidative conditions, an increasing amount of NixB in the electrocatalyst leads to a suppression of carbon corrosion.
Nondiagnostic fine‐needle aspirates of the pancreas: A root cause analysis
Authors: Gokozan Hamza N. , Michael Claire W.
Published: June 2020

Background

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of the pancreas is considered the primary and least invasive diagnostic method in the evaluation of pancreatic lesions. A nondiagnostic sample may trigger repeat FNA or a more invasive diagnostic procedure. The goal of this study was to identify the root causes of nondiagnostic samples.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of FNAs of the pancreas categorized as nondiagnostic at our institution between 2008 and 2019. Medical records and slides were reviewed to identify the features described by imaging, rapid on‐site evaluation, fluid chemistry, final cytology diagnosis, and final histology. A root cause analysis was performed using the Ishikawa (or fishbone) diagram and the 5 Whys method.

Results

A total of 30 cases were identified: 11 adenocarcinomas, 6 cases of pancreatitis, 4 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, 3 serous cystadenomas, 3 neuroendocrine tumors, 1 mucinous cystic neoplasm, 1 retention cyst, and 1 case of Brunner gland hyperplasia. The root causes identified were: man in 8 cases, machine in 1 case, method in 17 cases, and material in 18 cases. In many cases, more than 1 root cause contributed to the problem.

Conclusion

Material related errors contributed to the majority of nondiagnostic results and were primarily related to fibrotic cancers, chronic pancreatitis, absence of diagnostic criteria of cystic lesions, and technically challenging cases. Only 1 major interpretation error was identified. Sampling and interpretive errors contributed equally to man‐related causes. For mucinous cysts, neoplastic mucin was difficult to identify in liquid‐based preparations. Pathologists tended to issue a nondiagnostic categorization when epithelial cells are lacking and particularly when the nature and radiological impression of the cyst was not communicated.
A single case series using visuospatial task interference to reduce the number of visual intrusive memories of trauma with refugees
Authors: Kanstrup Marie , Kontio Evelina , Geranmayeh Anahita , Olofsdotter Lauri Klara , Moulds Michelle L. , Holmes Emily A.
Published: June 2020

The current worldwide so‐called "refugee crisis" has led to an unprecedented increase in migration globally. Because of stigma and language barriers, mental health care for refugees is limited. There is a need for novel, scalable psychological interventions. We investigated whether a brief behavioural intervention involving a memory reminder cue and Tetris gameplay on a smartphone reduces intrusive memories in refugees using a single case (N = 4) ABAB withdrawal design. The baseline phase (A) included a no‐intervention week; the intervention phase (B) included an in‐person session with the researchers, comprised of the behavioural intervention followed by self‐guided use in daily life the following week. All participants reported a decrease in intrusive memories after the intervention, as well as functional improvements (e.g., in concentration). Importantly, participants rated the intervention as feasible and acceptable. As one in‐person session was effective in persistent intrusion reduction, ABAB proved not to be the optimal design as intrusions did not rebound in the withdrawal phase. Findings are promising and highlight the need for further evaluation of novel interventions for mental health problems in refugees.
A stakeholder‐centric paradigm bids well for the “business case” ‐ An investigation through moderated‐mediation model
Authors: Javed Muzhar , Akhtar Muhammad Waheed , Husnain Mudassir , Lodhi Rabnawaz , Emaan Sonia
Published: June 2020

This study examines the effect of responsible governance on a firm's financial performance and corporate reputation using the lens of stakeholder theory and signaling theory. We believe that no single theory fully underpins all the hypothesized relationships. This study also investigates the indirect effect of responsible governance on a firm's financial performance and corporate reputation via corporate social responsibility (CSR). Further, drawing on contingency perspective and using the lens of upper echelon theory, we test the moderating effect of different orientations of responsible leadership on the relationship between responsible governance and CSR. After, adopting a multi‐wave research design and using a survey method, we find that responsible governance significantly improves a firm's financial performance and reputation. Further, we find that CSR mediates the relationship between responsible governance and firm‐level outcomes. Moreover, moderating results reveal that the orientation of a traditional economist and an opportunity seeker strengthen the relationship between responsible governance and CSR whereas the orientation of an integrator and an idealist weaken this relationship. The study concludes with its implications and directions for future research.
Interpretation biases and depressive symptoms among anxiety‐disordered children: The role of individual differences in respiratory sinus arrhythmia
Authors: Trent Erika S. , Viana Andres G. , Raines Elizabeth M. , Conroy Haley E. , Storch Eric A. , Zvolensky Michael J.
Published: June 2020

Individual differences in interpretation biases—the tendency to interpret ambiguous stimuli as threatening—partially explain the presence of comorbid depressive symptoms among anxious youth. Increasing efforts have examined physiological processes that influence the association between interpretation biases and depressive symptoms in this population, and potential gender differences in this relationship. This study examined the moderating role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) suppression (i.e., decrease from baseline)—an index of parasympathetic nervous system reactivity—in the association between interpretation biases and depressive symptoms in clinically anxious youth. One‐hundred‐and‐five clinically anxious children (Mage = 10.09 years, SD = 1.22; 56.7% female; 61.9% racial/ethnic minority) completed measures of self‐reported and behaviorally indexed interpretation biases, reported anxiety/depression symptom severity, and participated in a speech task. RSA suppression during the task moderated the association between interpretation biases and depressive symptom severity in the total sample. Separate exploratory moderation analyses were conducted among girls and boys. Among girls, RSA suppression moderated the association between behaviorally indexed interpretation biases and depressive symptoms, and marginally moderated (p = .067) the association between self‐reported interpretation biases and depressive symptoms. Among boys, RSA suppression was not a significant moderator. These findings may help identify clinically anxious youth most at‐risk for comorbid depressive symptoms.
Perissodactyl diversities and responses to climate changes as reflected by dental homogeneity during the Cenozoic in Asia
Authors: Bai Bin , Meng Jin , Janis Christine M. , Zhang Zhao‐Qun , Wang Yuan‐Qing
Published: June 2020

Cenozoic mammal evolution and faunal turnover are considered to have been influenced and triggered by global climate change. Teeth of large terrestrial ungulates are reliable proxies to trace long‐term climatic changes due to their morphological and physicochemical properties; however, the role of premolar molarization in ungulate evolution and related climatic change has rarely been investigated. Recently, three patterns of premolar molarization among perissodactyls have been recognized: endoprotocrista‐derived hypocone (type I); paraconule–protocone separation (type II); and metaconule‐derived pseudohypocone (type III). These three patterns of premolar molarization play an important role in perissodactyl diversity coupled with global climate change during the Cenozoic in Asia. Those groups with a relatively higher degree of premolar molarization, initiated by the formation of the hypocone, survived into Neogene, whereas those with a lesser degree of molarization, initiated by the deformation of existing ridges and cusps, went extinct by the end of the Oligocene. In addition, the hypothesis of the “Ulan Gochu Decline” is proposed here to designate the most conspicuous decrease of perissodactyl diversity that occurred in the latest middle Eocene rather than at the Eocene–Oligocene transition in Asia, as conventionally thought; this event was likely comparable to the contemporaneous post‐Uintan decline of the North American land fauna.
MPPT circuit with analog control suitable for solar cars
Authors: Kano Fumihisa , Kasai Yuji , Kimura Hideki , Funato Hirohito
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit composed of analog circuits suitable for solar cars. The MPPT controller circuit, which consists of analog switches and two op‐amps achieved precise MPPT during solar power generation. This MPPT controller circuit was constructed using a small number of CMOS elements, and the circuit of the step‐up DC‐DC converter achieved a conversion efficiency higher than 98% as well as weight reduction. Eighteen of the proposed MPPT circuits were installed (in serial and in parallel) in a solar car called “2013 Tokai Challenger” at an international competition, and it was shown that it could generate sufficient power supply from solar power.
Hierarchical Activated Carbon Fibers as a Sustainable Electrode and Natural Seawater as a Sustainable Electrolyte for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Challagulla Navakanth Vijay , Vijayakumar Manavalan , Sri Rohita Duggirala , Elsa George , Bharathi Sankar Ammaiyappan , Narasinga Rao Tata , Karthik Mani
Published: June 2020

This study demonstrates a facile, cost‐effective, green, and sustainable fabrication of supercapacitor devices using high surface area (2350 m2 g−1) activated carbon fibers as supercapacitor electrode. The electrochemical behavior of the supercapacitor electrodes with different neutral electrolytes such as LiCl, KCl, and NaCl is carefully investigated and compared with natural seawater as an economic and sustainable electrolyte for the first time. The maximum specific capacitance of carbon fibers electrode in different electrolytes is around 101 Fg−1 in LiCl, 134 Fg−1 in KCl, 159 Fg−1 in NaCl, and 172 Fg−1 in natural seawater at a current density of 1 Ag−1. Surprisingly, the seawater‐based supercapacitor exhibits a very good durability upon 10 000 charge–discharge cycles with 99% of capacitance retention and 99% of coulombic efficiency. For practical validity, integrated solar cell–based supercapacitor pouch cells are investigated. The seawater is explored as an eco‐friendly, cost‐effective, and alternative aqueous electrolyte, which may replace the existing aqueous‐based electrolytes for the fabrication of an economic and green supercapacitor device.
Cluster of differentiation 44 promotes osteosarcoma progression in mice lacking the tumor suppressor Merlin
Authors: Ma Junzhi , Klemm Janina , Gerardo‐Ramírez Monserrat , Frappart Lucien , Castven Darko , Becker Diana , Zoch Ansgar , Parent Romain , Bartosch Birke , Minnich Kerstin , Giovannini Marco , Danckwardt Sven , Hartmann Nils , Morrison Helen , Herrlich Peter , Marquardt Jens U. , Hartmann Monika
Published: June 2020

Merlin is a versatile tumor suppressor protein encoded by the NF2 gene. Several lines of evidence suggest that Merlin exerts its tumor suppressor activity, at least in part, by forming an inhibitory complex with cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44). Consistently, numerous NF2 mutations in cancer patients are predicted to perturb the interaction of Merlin with CD44. We hypothesized that disruption of the Merlin‐CD44 complex through loss of Merlin, unleashes putative tumor‐ or metastasis‐promoting functions of CD44. To evaluate the relevance of the Merlin‐CD44 interaction in vivo, we compared tumor growth and progression in Cd44‐positive and Cd44‐negative Nf2‐mutant mice. Heterozygous Nf2‐mutant mice were prone to developing highly metastatic osteosarcomas. Importantly, while the absence of the Cd44 gene had no effect on the frequency of primary osteosarcoma development, it strongly diminished osteosarcoma metastasis formation in the Nf2‐mutant mice. In vitro assays identified transendothelial migration as the most prominent cellular phenotype dependent on CD44. Adhesion to endothelial cells was blocked by interfering with integrin α4β1 (very late antigen‐4, VLA‐4) on osteosarcoma cells and CD44 upregulated levels of integrin VLA‐4 β1 subunit. Among other putative functions of CD44, which may contribute to the metastatic behavior, the passage through the endothelial cells also appears to be critical in vivo, as CD44 significantly promoted formation of lung metastasis upon intravenous injection of osteosarcoma cells into immunocompromised mice. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that CD44 plays a metastasis‐promoting role in the absence of Merlin.
Detection of a large spectrum of viral infections in conjunctival premalignant and malignant lesions
Authors: Galati Luisa , Combes Jean Damien , Gupta Purnima , Sen Rajdip , Robitaille Alexis , Brancaccio Rosario Nicola , Atsou Kueshivi , Cuenin Cyrille , McKay‐Chopin Sandrine , Tornesello Maria Lina , Buonaguro Franco Maria , Clifford Gary , Gheit Tarik , Tommasino Massimo
Published: June 2020

To study the interaction between HIV and other carcinogenic infections in conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we evaluated the presence of a broad spectrum of human viruses in conjunctiva specimens. Beta Human papillomavirus (HPV; n = 46), gamma HPV (n = 52), polyomaviruses (n = 12) and herpes viruses (n = 3) was determined in DNA extracted from 67 neoplastic and 55 non‐neoplastic conjunctival tissues of HIV‐positive and HIV negative subjects by Luminex‐based assays. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was also used to further characterize the presence of cutaneous HPVs. Detection of beta‐2 HPV infections was associated with the risk of neoplasia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3‐6.8), regardless of HIV status (HIV positive, aOR 2.6, 95% CI 0.9‐7.7; HIV negative, aOR 3.5, 95% CI 0.9‐14.4). EBV was strongly associated with the risk of neoplasia (aOR 12.0, 95% CI 4.3‐33.5; P < .01) mainly in HIV individuals (HIV positive, aOR 57.5; 95% CI: 10.1‐327.1; HIV negative aOR 2.6; 95% CI: 0.2‐34.7). NGS allowed to identify 13 putative novel HPVs in cases and controls. Our findings suggest a role of beta HPV types and EBV, in conjunctival SCC. However, additional studies of viral expression in tumor tissue are required to confirm the causal association.
Abdominal pregnancy during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Damiani Gianluca R. , Biffi Anna , Del Boca Gregorio , Arezzo Francesca
Published: June 2020

Description of the emergency approach used for management of an abdominal pregnancy during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Alternative management for gynecological cancer care during the COVID‐2019 pandemic: A Latin American survey
Authors: Rodriguez Juliana , Fletcher Angélica , Heredia Fernando , Fernandez Robinson , Ramírez Salazar Heidy , Sanabria Daniel , Burbano Luna Javier , Guerrero Eduardo , Pierre Marc‐Edy , Rendón Gabriel J. , Rosero Indira , Trujillo Lina María , Ribeiro Reitan , Baiocchi Glauco , Lopez Blanco Aldo , Malca Magaly , Hoegl Jorge , Borges Garnica Alfredo , Lasso de la Vega Jorge , Scasso Santiago , Laufer Joel , Estrada Erick Estuarto , Gutierrez Criado Armando , Herbert Nuñez Guillermo Sidney , Cantú‐de Leon David , Medina Gonzalo , Pendola Gómez Luis , Saadi José , Noll Florencia , Arévalo Sandoval Danilo , Ferreira Oliveira Alexandre , Pareja Rene
Published: June 2020

Objective

To determine the acceptance rate of treatment alternatives for women with either preinvasive conditions or gynecologic cancers during the COVID‐19 pandemic among Latin American gynecological cancer specialists.

Methods

Twelve experts in gynecological cancer designed an electronic survey, according to recommendations from international societies, using an online platform. The survey included 22 questions on five topics: consultation care, preinvasive cervical pathology, and cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. The questionnaire was distributed to 1052 specialists in 14 Latin American countries. A descriptive analysis was carried out using statistical software.

Results

A total of 610 responses were received, for an overall response rate of 58.0%. Respondents favored offering teleconsultation as triage for post‐cancer treatment follow‐up (94.6%), neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer (95.6%), and total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy and defining adjuvant treatment with histopathological features in early stage endometrial cancer (85.4%). Other questions showed agreement rates of over 64%, except for review of pathology results in person and use of upfront concurrent chemoradiation for early stage cervical cancer (disagreement 56.4% and 58.9%, respectively).

Conclusion

Latin American specialists accepted some alternative management strategies for gynecological cancer care during the COVID‐19 pandemic, which may reflect the region’s particularities.

The COVID‐19 pandemic led Latin American specialists to accept alternative management strategies for gynecological cancer care, especially regarding surgical decisions.
Trend‐cycle Estimation Using Fuzzy Transform and Its Application for Identifying Bull and Bear Phases in Markets
Authors: Nguyen Linh , Novák Vilém , Mirshahi Soheyla
Published: June 2020

This paper is focused on one of the fundamental problems in financial time‐series analysis; namely, the identification of the historical bull and bear phases. We start with the proof that the trend‐cycle can be well estimated using the technique of a higher degree fuzzy transform. Then, we suggest a mathematical definition of the bull and bear phases and provide a novel technique for their identification. As a consequence, the turning points (i.e. the points where the market changes its phase) are detected. We illustrate our methodology on several examples.
Q‐learning‐based congestion control strategy for information‐centric networking
Authors: Meng Wei , Zhang Lingling
Published: June 2020

The traditional congestion control strategies cannot be used for Information‐Centric Networking (ICN), and unfortunately the current proposals on ICN congestion control have also some limitations, such as high load, inaccurate information acquisition and inefficient cooperation. In this paper, we exploit the Q‐learning‐based reinforcement learning method to further address the ICN congestion control issue. Meanwhile, the Q‐learning is used to learn the network state, at the same time, a value which depends on the transmission delay is generated. In particular, the generated value is considered as a key factor and employed to do the decision forwarding for each routing node, of which the process is the hop‐by‐hop mode. Based on a simulated multipath topology, we compare the proposed congestion control strategy with two latest benchmarks by testing packet loss ratio and throughput, and the results show that it is more efficient.
Particle swarm optimization‐based information‐centric networking intra‐domain routing strategy
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Lei Yuxia
Published: June 2020

The current Information‐Centric Networking (ICN) routing proposals are subject to the scalability, which prompts the generation of domain partition. Inspired by domain partition, this paper proposes a concrete solution, that is, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)‐based intra‐domain routing strategy, including four operations, that is, population initialization, local optimal solution computation, global optimal solution computation and convergence judgment. The proposal strategy is simulated by considering delay and load as two evaluation metrics, and the experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency.
A Signature of Circulating miRNAs Associated With Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone: the mirDys Study
Authors: Legrand Mélanie A , Millet Marjorie , Merle Blandine , Rousseau Jean-Charles , Hemmendinger Anaelle , Gineyts Evelyne , Sornay-Rendu Elisabeth , Szulc Pawel , Borel Olivier , Croset Martine , Chapurlat Roland
Published: June 2020

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare bone disease caused by activating mutations of GNAS encoding the Gsα protein, enhancing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production by overstimulation of adenylyl cyclase and impairing osteoblastic differentiation. The clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to polyostotic forms with severe disability, explained by the mosaic distribution of the GNAS mutation. Physicians have to deal with the gap of knowledge in FD pathogenesis, the absence of prognostic markers and the lack of specific treatment. The identification of specific biomarkers for FD is an important step to improve the clinical and therapeutic approaches. An epigenetic regulation driven by microRNAs (miRNAs), known as promising biomarkers in bone disease, could be involved in FD. We have sought circulating miRNAs that are differentially expressed in FD patients compared to controls and would reflect dysregulations of osteogenesis-related genes and bone disorder. The global miRNA profiling was performed using Next Generation Sequencing in patient serum collected from a discovery cohort of 20 patients (10 polyostotic and 10 monostotic) and 10 controls. From these, we selected 19 miRNAs for a miRNA validation phase from serum of 82 patients and 82 controls, using real-time qPCR. Discovery screening identified 111 miRNAs differentially expressed in patient serum, after adjusting for the false discovery rate (FDR). Among the 82 patients, 55% were polyostotic, and 73% were women with a mean age of 42 years. Six miRNAs (miR-25-3p, miR-93-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-324-5p, miR-363-3p, and miR-451a) were significantly overexpressed in serum, with FDR <0.05. The expression level of these six miRNAs was not associated with the FD severity. In conclusion, we identified a signature of circulating miRNAs associated with FD. These miRNAs are potential negative regulators of gene expression in bone cell progenitors, suggesting their activity in FD by interfering with osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation to impair bone mineralization and remodeling processes. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.