bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement report: Atmospheric fluorescent bioaerosol concentrations measured during 18 months in a coniferous forest in the south of Sweden
Authors: Petersson Sjögren Madeleine , Alsved Malin , Šantl-Temkiv Tina , Bjerring Kristensen Thomas , Löndahl Jakob
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Biological aerosol particles affect human health, are essential for microbial- and gene dispersal, and have been proposed as important agents for atmospheric processes. However, the abundance and size distributions of atmospheric biological particles are largely unknown. In this study we used a laser-induced fluorescence instrument to measure fluorescent biological aerosol particle (FBAP) concentrations for 18 months (October 2020–April 2022) at a rural, forested site in Sweden. The aim of this study was to investigate FBAP number concentrations (NFBAP) over time and analyze their relationship to meteorological parameters. The NFBAP was highest in the summer and lowest in winter, exhibiting a ~3-fold difference between these seasons. The median NFBAP was 0.0050, 0.0025, 0.0027 and 0.0126 cm-3 in fall, winter, spring, and summer, respectively, and constituted ~0.1–0.5 % of the total supermicron particle number. The NFBAP were dominated by the smallest measured size fraction (1–3 µm), suggesting that the main portion of the biological particles measured were due to single bacterial cells, fungal spores, and bacterial agglomerates. The NFBAP were significantly correlated with increasing air temperature (P<0.01) in all seasons. For most of the campaign NFBAP was seen to increase with wind speed (P<0.01), while the relationship with relative humidity was for most part of the campaign nonsignificant (46 %) but to a large part (30 %) negative (P<0.05). Our results indicate that NFBAP were highest during warm and dry conditions when wind speeds were high, suggesting that a major part of the FBAP in the spring and summer were due to mechanical aerosol generation and release mechanisms. In the fall, relative humidity may have been a more important factor for bioaerosol release. This is one of the longest time series of atmospheric FBAP, which are highly needed for estimates of bioaerosol background concentrations in comparable regions.
Numerical experiments of in situ particle sampling relationships to surface and turbulent fluxes through Lagrangian coupled large eddy simulations
Authors: Park Hyungwon John , Reid Jeffrey S. , Freire Livia S. , Jackson Christopher , Richter David H.
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Source functions for mechanically driven coarse mode sea spray and dust aerosol particles span orders of magnitude owing to a combination of physical sensitivity in the system and large measurement uncertainty. Outside of special idealized settings (such as wind tunnels), aerosol particle fluxes are largely inferred from a host of methods, including local eddy correlation, gradient methods, and dry-deposition methods. In all of these methods, it is difficult to relate point measurements from towers, ships, or aircraft to a general representative flux of aerosol particles. This difficulty is from the particles' inhomogeneous distribution due to multiple spatio-temporal scales of an evolving marine environment. We hypothesize that the current representation of a point-in situ measurement of sea spray or dust particles is a likely contributor to the unrealistic range of flux and concentration outcomes in the literature. This paper aims at helping the interpretation of field data: we conduct a series of high resolution, cloud-free large eddy simulations (LES) with Lagrangian particles to better understand the temporal evolution and volumetric variability of coarse to giant mode marine aerosol particles and their relationship to turbulent transport. The study begins by describing the Lagrangian LES model framework and simulates flux measurements that were made using numerical analogs to field practices such as the eddy-covariance method. Using these methods, turbulent flux sampling is quantified based on key features such as coherent structures within the MABL and aerosol particle size. We show that for an unstable atmospheric stability, the MABL exhibits large coherent eddy structures, and as a consequence, the flux measurement outcome becomes strongly tied to spatial length scales and relative sampling of cross- and stream-wise sampling. For example, through the use of ogive curves, a given sampling duration of a fixed numerical sampling instrument is found to capture 80 % of the aerosol flux given a sampling rate of zf / w* ~ 0.2, whereas a span-wise moving instrument results in a 95 % capture. These coherent structures and other canonical features contribute to the lack of convergence to the true aerosol vertical flux at any height. As expected, sampling all of the flow features results in a statistically robust flux signal. Analysis of a neutral boundary layer configuration results in a lower predictive range due to weak or no vertical roll structures compared to the unstable boundary layer setting. Finally, we take the results of each approach and compare their surface flux variability: a baseline metric used in regional and global aerosol models.
Flow recession behavior of preferential subsurface flow patterns with minimum energy dissipation
Authors: Strüven Jannick , Hergarten Stefan
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Understanding the properties of preferential flow patters is a major challenge in subsurface hydrology. Most of the theoretical approaches in this field stem from research on karst aquifers, where typically two or three distinct flow components with different time scales are considered. This study starts from a different concept, where a continuous spatial variation in transmissivity and storavity over several orders of magnitude is assumed. Distribution and spatial pattern of these properties are derived from the concept of minimum energy dissipation. While the numerical simulation of such systems is challenging, it is found that a reduction to a dendritic flow pattern, similar to rivers at the surface, works well. It is also shown that spectral theory can allow for investigating the fundamental properties of such aquifers. As a main result, the long-term recession of the spring draining the aquifer during periods of drought becomes slower for large catchments. However, the dependence of the respective recession coefficient on catchment size is much weaker than for homogeneous aquifers. Concerning the short-term behavior after an instantaneous recharge event, strong deviations from the exponential recession of a linear reservoir are observed. In particular, it takes a considerable time span until the spring discharge reaches its peak. This rise time is in an order of magnitude of one-seventh of the e-folding recession time. Despite the strong deviations from the linear reservoir at short times, the exponential component typically contributes more than 80 % to the total discharge. This fraction is much higher than expected for karst aquifers and even exceeds the fraction predicted for homogeneous aquifers.
Multisensor monitoring and data integration reveal cyclical destabilization of Äußeres Hochebenkar Rock Glacier
Authors: Hartl Lea , Zieher Thomas , Bremer Magnus , Stocker-Waldhuber Martin , Zahs Vivien , Höfle Bernhard , Klug Christoph , Cicoira Alessandro
Published: September 2022

Abstract. This study investigates rock glacier destabilization based on the results of a unique in situ and remote sensing-based monitoring network focused on the kinematics of the rock glacier in Äußeres Hochebenkar (Austrian Alps). We consolidate, homogenize, and extend existing time series to generate a comprehensive dataset consisting of 14 digital surface models covering a 68 year time period, as well as in situ measurements of block displacement since the early 1950s. The digital surface models are derived from historical aerial imagery and, more recently, airborne and uncrewed aerial vehicle-based laser scanning (ALS, ULS). Since 2017, high-resolution 3D ALS and ULS point clouds are available at annual temporal resolution. Additional terrestrial laser scanning data collected in bi-weekly intervals during the summer of 2019 is available from the rock glacier front. Using image correlation techniques, we derive velocity vectors from the digital surface models, thereby adding rock glacier-wide spatial context to the point scale block displacement measurements. Based on velocities, surface elevation change, analysis of morphological features, and computations of the bulk creep factor and strain rates, we assess the combined datasets in terms of rock glacier destabilization. To additionally investigate potential rotational components of the movement of the destabilized section of the rock glacier, we integrate in situ data of block displacement with ULS point clouds and compute changes in the rotation angles of single blocks during recent years. The time series shows two cycles of destabilization in the lower section of the rock glacier. The first lasted from the early 1950s until the mid 1970s. The second began around 2017 after approximately two decades of more gradual acceleration and is currently ongoing. Both destabilization periods are characterized by high velocities and the development of morphological destabilization features on the rock glacier surface. Acceleration in the most recent years has been very pronounced, with velocities reaching 20–30 m/a in 2020/21. These values are unprecedented in the time series and suggest highly destabilized conditions in the lower section of the rock glacier, which shows signs of translational as well as rotational, landslide-like movement. Due to the length and granularity of the time series, the cyclic destabilization process at Äußeres Hochebenkar rock glacier is well resolved in the dataset. Our study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary, long-term and continuous, high-resolution 3D monitoring to improve process understanding and model development related to rock glacier rheology and destabilization.
Antarctic sea ice regime shift associated with decreasing zonal symmetry in the Southern Annular Mode
Authors: Schroeter Serena , O'Kane Terence J. , Sandery Paul A.
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Across the long-term (~43 year) satellite record, Antarctic sea ice extent shows a small overall circumpolar increase, resulting from opposing regional sea ice concentration anomalies. Running short-term samples of the same sea ice concentration data, however, show that the long-term trend pattern is skewed towards the earliest years of the satellite record. Compensating regional anomalies diminish over time, and in the most recent decade, these tend towards spatial homogeneity instead. Running 30-year trends show the regional pattern of sea ice behaviour reversing over time; while in some regions, trend patterns abruptly shift in line with the record anomalous sea ice behaviour of recent years, in other regions a steady change predates these record anomalies. The shifting regression patterns are co-located with enhanced north-south flow due to an increasingly wave-3-like structure of the Southern Annular Mode. Sea surface temperature anomalies also shift from a circumpolar cooling to a regional pattern that resembles the increasingly asymmetric structure of the Southern Annular Mode, with warming in regions of previously increasing sea ice such as the Ross Sea.
Thyroid hormones as a potential prognostic markers for neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: TUNÇ Gaffari , ÇELİK Nurullah , KILIÇBAY Fatih , EKİCİ Mahmut
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in newborns. Few studies with conflicting results have been conducted on the effect of perinatal asphyxia and thyroid hormones

METHODS: A total of 96 newborns (46 patients with HIE and 50 controls) were included in the study. Electroencephalography (EEG) results, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), Sarnat Stages, and the presence of seizures of the HIE group were recorded. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels of all cases were also measured between 5-10 days. Patients with HIE were separated into 3 groups according to the fT4 (≤1.52 ng / dL, 1.52-1.84 ng / dL, and ≥1.84 ng / dL), and TSH (≤2.56 IU / mL. 2.56-5.3 1IU / Ml, and ≥5.31 IU / mL) levels.

RESULTS: All the newborns with seizures were in the 1st or 2nd tertiles of fT4, none of those with high fT4 (>1.84 ng/dL), and the difference was statistically significant (x2=6.61; p=0.036). A negative correlation was determined between fT4 level and duration of hospitalization (=-0.43; p=0.03), duration of respiratory support (r=-0.32; p=0.029), duration of intubation (r=-0.40; p=0.006), and time to full oral feeding (r=-0.40; p=0.006). The TSH level was only correlated with the duration of hospitalization (r=-0.34, p=0.02).

CONCLUSIONS: Free T4 level may be used as a prognostic marker in newborns with HIE. Further multicenter, larger, and prospective studies are needed to support and confirm these findings.
Walking The chain: The social construction of Australian cotton's sustainable value
Authors:   , Mellick Zoe
Published: September 2022

This study analyses how sustainable value is created along the Australian cotton value chain, as well as opportunities to create value. Twenty-one stakeholders were interviewed across two Australian cotton value chains from farm, to retail, to reuse. Participants identified what sustainable value is, how it is created, who it benefits both in and beyond the chain (including local communities, the environment, and consumers) and where future opportunities to create value may lie. The study extends understandings around sustainability and its value within the context of fashion and textile value chains and identifies practices that can further sustainability within the industry.
Un espacio de discusión del comercio de Indias: la Junta de Comercio y los proyectos de creación de Compañías (1682-1685)
Authors: Rodríguez García Margarita Eva
Published: September 2022

Al iniciarse la década de 1680, Cádiz consolidaba su papel de cabecera de la Carrera de Indias, gracias, en parte, a los reiterados servicios que venía ofreciendo para socorrer las necesidades financieras de la Monarquía. El dinamismo de la ciudad, el apoyo del Consulado a las colonias de mercaderes de otras naciones que envían sus mercancías a América, contrastan con la situación de Castilla, cuyas fábricas y comercio languidecen. En 1679 se crea la Junta de Comercio con el propósito fundamental de revertir la situación que atraviesa Castilla, incorporando en sus discusiones muchas de las ideas mercantilistas vigentes en la época. Pero está institución, en principio no orientada a transformar las reglas de juego del comercio americano, será identificada como un espacio desde el que buscar una mejor conexión entre los sectores productivos castellanos y el comercio colonial y, también, en el que hacer valer los intereses de grupos y sectores tradicionalmente excluidos de la Carrera. El artículo pone de relieve este aspecto de la Junta a través de los tres proyectos de creación de compañías de comercio presentados entre 1682 y 1684, subrayando, junto a sus propuestas económicas, el carácter político de proyectos mercantiles que buscaron que los intereses de los diferentes territorios confluyeran en beneficio del conjunto de la monarquía.
Navegando entre esclavos. Los Capuchinos españoles en el Reino del Congo: fe y diplomacia
Authors: Ruiz-Peinado Alonso José Luis
Published: September 2022

La conexión de África a partir del siglo XVI con Europa y América no se puede entender sin el tráfico de esclavos a través del Atlántico. Fue el eje que vertebró las amplias relaciones e intereses que se produjeron. El papel que jugaron los misioneros fue cada vez más destacado en la articulación de las redes de influencia y de presión, al margen de su labor pastoral, además de la trata de esclavos que era el principal asunto que movía los intereses a ambos lados del Atlántico. Las misiones capuchinas españolas en el Congo se encuadran en este contexto, comenzaron en 1645 y acabaron en 1658, Portugal se había independizado, pero no había sido aún reconocida por la Santa Sede ni por el gobierno de España, así que la jurisdicción recaía oficialmente en el monarca español, para las autoridades lusas era una intromisión en su soberanía y en sus áreas de influencia. La hostilidad portuguesa a la presencia de misioneros españoles constituyó una continua fuente de problemas y conflictos. Estas desavenencias finalizarán tras la derrota del reino del Congo en 1665 que cerrará el paso a la entrada de más capuchinos españoles en África Central Occidental.
Population Growth and Its Impact on Economic Development in Nagaland: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Jamir Chubakumzuk
Published: September 2022

This study empirically tests the impact of population growth on economic development of Nagaland for the period of 1981-2011. Demographic transition helps in creating a policy environment that takes maximum advantage of the demographic potential of the State. The regression technique was incorporated to investigate the relationship between population growth and economic development. The findings indicate that the labour forces were shifting from the low-productivity agriculture sector to the higher-productivity industry and service sectors. The domino effect of the study indicates that population growth has positively and significantly contributed to economic development but is negatively affected by the unemployment rate. Now although on the one hand, if it increases growth but on the other hand, it creates a problem of unemployment and leads to a decline in net state domestic product and per-capita income. The government is advised to utilize this additional workforce efficiently as a policy tool to achieve a high and desired level of growth.
The Roughage Problem and Solutions in Animal Feeding in Chad
Authors: Ambadi Djidda Oumar
Published: September 2022

Chad, a landlocked country in Central Africa with an area of 1,284,000 km², is divided into three major agro-climatic zones: the Saharan zone (47% of the area), the Sahelian zone (43% of the area), and the Sudanian zone (10% of the area). In the last census 2018, the agricultural land amounted to about 502,380 square kilometers. Agriculture accounts for two-thirds of the economy in Chad and livestock remains one of the economic backbones with cattle population being the most predominant. Pigs and chicken population are relatively small. Milk producing animals increased from 1.16 million heads in 1971 to 3.95 million head in 2020 growing at an average annual rate of 2.75%. Roughage shortage, both in quantity and quality, remains the main problem of animal production in Chad. The use of roughage in the nutrition of ruminant animals is of great physiological and economic importance. In order to produce quality roughage, it is important to rehabilitate the available meadow pasture, increase the roughage planting areas, and enhance forage conservation through silage and hay making. This review discusses the strategies to get quality and cheap roughage in order to avoid future challenges in livestock production in Chad.
Organik Etlik Piliç Karma Yemlerine Zeolit İlavesi
Authors: Işık Özgün , Kırkpınar Figen , Şayan Yılmaz
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışma organik etlik piliç karma yemlerine zeolit ilavesinin performans üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 400 adet karışık cinsiyette Hubbard Red Isa Ja yavaş gelişen etlik civciv kullanılmıştır. Hayvanlar Kontrol ve Zeolit olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılarak, organik yetiştirme koşullarında 12 hafta süre ile bakılmıştır. Kontrol grubu karma yemlerine zeolit ilavesi yapılmazken Zeolit grubu karma yemlerine %1 oranında zeolit ilave edilmiştir. Çalışmada ilk 2 hafta civciv büyütme bölümünde bulunan civcivler 2. hafta sonu barınağın yarı perdeli ve açık hava gezinme alanı bulunan bölümüne alınmıştır. Kontrol ve Deneme gruplarına 0-6. haftalar arasında etlik civciv başlangıç organik karma yemleri ve 7-12. haftalar arasında ise etlik piliç bitirme organik karma yemleri ad libitum olarak verilmiştir. Yem materyali Ödemiş Meslek Yüksekokulu Yem Hazırlama Ünitesi’nde hazırlanmış, kimyasal analizleri de Yem Analiz Laboratuvarında yapılmıştır. Grupların deneme sonu elde edilen 12. hafta canlı ağırlık bulguları ve karkas randımanlarının karşılaştırılmasında SPSS v.16 paket programında ANOVA prosedürü (SPSS Inc., 2007) kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda grupların haftalık canlı ağırlıkları arasında istatistiksel olarak bir fark görülmemiştir (P>0.05). Grupların ortalama canlı ağırlıkları deneme başlangıcı, 2. hafta, 4. hafta, 6. hafta, 8. hafta, 10. hafta ve 12. hafta sırası ile Kontrol grubunda 41.41g, 210.31 g, 662.73 g, 1350.38 g, 1849.52 g, 2750.60 ve 3450.80 g; Zeolit grubunda 41.05 g, 205.47g, 663.06 g, 1407.36 g, 1989.66 g, 2802.90 g ve 3464.00 g olarak bulunmuştur. Grupların 0-12. haftalar arasındaki ortalama toplam yem tüketimleri ve yemden yararlanma değerleri sırası ile Kontrol grubunda 1439.90 kg ve 2.15; Zeolit grubunda 1451.20 kg ve 2.15 olarak saptanmıştır. Deneme sonu ortalama karkas randımanı, Kontrol grubunda %71.20; Zeolit grubunda %72.30 olarak bulunmuştur. Grupların, ortalama günlük canlı ağırlık artışları, yem tüketimleri, yemden yararlanma oranları, karkas randımanları benzer bulunmuştur. Gruplarda belirlenen ölüm oranları Kontrol ve Zeolit gruplarında sırası ile 0-2. haftalar arası %0.5 ve %0.5, 2-12. haftalar arası %1.5 ve %1.0, 0-12. haftalar arasında da %2.0 ve %1.5 olarak zeolit grubunda daha düşük bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak organik etlik piliç karma yemlerine ilave edilen %1 oranında zeolitin performans verileri üzerine olumsuz bir etkide bulunmadan kullanılabilir olduğu saptanmıştır.
Flexural Behavior of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Çankaya Mehmet Alper , Akan Çetin
Published: September 2022

The main objective of this study was to inspect the effect of steel fiber ratio into the flexural behavior of large-scale doubly reinforced concrete beams using an experimental method. For this purpose, four RC beams were constructed at the Structural Mechanics Laboratory of İzmir Katip Çelebi University and three-point bending tests were carried out. Two out of four were selected to be control specimens and did not have any fiber additive. To investigate the behavior free from shear reinforcement effect, one of the control specimens did not have stirrups while the remaining one had a minimum amount of stirrup according to TS500 [1]. Last two beams had either 0.5 or 1% volume fractions (Vf) of hooked end fibers, respectively. All the beams were designed to have 150x200x2450 mm prismatic geometry with a 1.30% tensile reinforcement ratio. The used materials were commercially available S420B grade steel for reinforcement and in-house cast concrete having a mean cylindrical compressive strength of 25 MPa. Based on the test results it can be stated that having a minimum amount of stirrup according to TS500 or 0.5% steel fiber enabled the beams to fully use their flexural capacity instead of an enhancement in the capacity. In other words, steel fibers contributed to the shear strength similar to that of beam with minimum amount of stirrup. However, increasing the volumetric ratio of steel fibers to 1.0% did not only contributed on the behavior but also slightly enhanced the flexural capacity (10%) of beam specimen, basically depending on the increase in the moment capacity of the cross-section.
The Critical Velocity and Post-Buckling Behavior of Axially Moving Beams with Poisson’s Ratio
Authors: Bozkaplan Buse , Şen Pelin Keskin , Sınır Berra Gültekin
Published: September 2022

In this study, the critical velocity of axially moving beams is calculated and the post-buckling behaviors of beams are investigated. The governing equation of the axially moving beam problem is obtained by using vector approach. This approach is also known as Newton’s second law method. The obtained equations depend on normal force, shear force and moment. The opposite side of the equation depends on the acceleration since the dynamic analysis is done. Using Hook’s law, the normal forces and the moment are rewritten in displacement form, then the governing equation is obtained in displacement form. The dimensionless form of the resulting equation is as obtained. It is solved to provide simple-simple support conditions. Thus, the critical velocity value and the post-buckling graph are obtained depending on the displacement. As a result of these analyzes; the effects of the Poisson ratio on critical velocity and post-buckling behavior are observed. The effect of Poisson's ratio on critical velocity and post-buckling effect in axial moving beam problems are revealed.
Geodetic Domination Integrity of Transformation Graphs
Authors: Onur Şeyma , Turan Gökşen Bacak
Published: September 2022

The concept of domination has a wide field of research in graph theory. The dominating set of a graph G is a subset S of vertices of G such that every vertex not in S is adjacent to at least one vertex in S [1]. The concept of domination has various types defined on vertices and edges. If each vertex in a dominating set S of the graph G is also a member of the geodetic set, then the set S is called a geodetic dominating set [2]. A communication network is a connection between centers and those centers that allow them to communicate with each other it consists of lines. These network centers can be modeled as the vertices of the graph and the connecting lines as the edges of the graph. Some parameters have been defined to measure the vulnerability of the graph in case some vertex or edge of the graph modeling a communication network is damaged. One of these parameters is the geodetic domination integrity [3]. In this study, the geodetic domination integrity of graphs is considered, and some general results are obtained for the geodetic domination integrity of some transformation graphs.
Impact Analysis of Sandwich Composite with Auxetic Core
Authors: Şen Naim , Baba Buket Okutan
Published: September 2022

In this study, energy absorption and impact performance of aluminum sandwich panels with different core structures under impact load were investigated. The main purpose of the study is to reveal how chiral core shapes and sizes affect the energy absorbed by the panel, the contact force and the displacement of the impactor with a constant energy of 90 joule. Numerical studies have been carried out on square sandwich panels with three different core structures: tetrachiral, anti-tetrachiral and hexachiral. Dimensions of all panels, node diameters and ligament thicknesses of chiral structures were kept constant. Finite element models were established for core structures, panels with cell configurations of 3x3, 5x5 and 7x7 for each chiral structure by changing ligament length. Johnson-Cook material model was used for the aluminum sandwich panel, and rigid and isotropic material model was used for the impactor. The effects of auxetic cell structures and cell configurations on the impact behavior of sandwich panels were discussed as a result of the analysis. The highest impact performance emerged in the hexachiral structure with 7x7 cell configuration. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that auxetic chiral structures are materials that can absorb impact energy and have an important place in the mass-performance relationship. This research will be a preliminary study for the understanding of next generation auxetic sandwich panel behaviors.
Effect of Natural Aging on Mechanical Properties of Laminated Composites
Authors: Yolcu Dilek Atilla , Kepir Ceren , Akdemir Cemgir , Güneş Yusuf , Baba Buket Okutan
Published: September 2022

Composite materials are materials formed by combining two or more components that are macro-dimensionally different from each other. These different materials that make up the structure, age depending on time and environmental conditions like all materials. This aging can occur naturally over time from external factors, or it can be artificially aged by placing the specimen in a certain temperature environment. It is possible to observe some changes in mechanical properties due to the aging process. However, studies involving natural aging are not diverse to determine changed mechanical properties. Since long periods are needed for natural aging, artificial aging under controlled conditions with the help of the special equipment is frequently seen in studies. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of natural aging on elastic constants and the buckling response of laminated composite materials. In order to determine elastic constants of aged and unaged plates, tension and in-plane shear tests are performed on [0]8 and [90]8 E/glass-epoxy composites, respectively. In addition, the effect of natural aging on the buckling load for rectangular plates of various length/thickness ratios, and ply orientation is examined for clamped-clamped boundary conditions. For this purpose, numerical and experimental studies are conducted on aged and unaged specimens. Buckling analysis of the laminated composites is performed by using finite element analysis software ANSYS. Comparisons were made between the test results and predictions from finite element analysis. Good agreement is obtained between the numerical and experimental results. The results show that the long-term natural aging process decreases the elastic constants and buckling load of the composite materials.
Production of Radar Absorbing Composite Materials Using Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Şentürk Berkant , Atay Hüsnügül Yılmaz
Published: September 2022

In order to increase the combat effectiveness of any platform or long-range munition in use today, it is necessary to reduce its visibility to radar. In this sense, important development in radar systems started after World War II. The interaction between electromagnetic waves at radar frequencies and different materials was investigated, electromagnetic radiation absorption mechanism; it has been observed that the materials consist of electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties. In line with this information, radar absorbing material design studies gained momentum. A significant development in radar systems of stealth technology made radar absorbing materials RAMs gaining a long-standing interest as a possible way to disguise aircrafts and submarines from radar systems. Carbon nanotubes and magnetic materials such as Fe, Ni, and Co have attracted researchers' significant interest as radar absorbers. In recent years, numerous studies have been made using carbon nanotubes due to their unique properties. However, few studies have considered the influence of both particle size and weight fraction. This work aims to produce material with unique properties such as solid absorption, low weight/thickness, and cost-effective, minimizing the reflection of electromagnetic waves using a polymeric composite structure reinforced with carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes with different particles sizes of 8 nm,18 nm, and 78 nm were mixed with polyester in different weight fractions of 1%, 2%, and 3%. Three different composites structures were prepared in single, double, and three layers. Composites were characterized using XRD, SEM, and network analyzer in the frequency range of 8 to12 GHz. According to the results, it was observed that radar absorption increased with the increase in grain size, but the number of layers had no linear effect on the results. Network analyzer results show that the minimum reflection loss value at 9.9 GHz with a thickness of 1.5 mm is −33.1 dB, and the effective bandwidth is 9.9 GHz. Multi-layer carbon nanotubes composites might be a potential radar absorber because of their flexibility to adjust their absorption band to fit different applications in different frequency bands by modifying their particle sizes and weight.
Effects of Electrical Current Passing Through the Human Body and Safety Requirements
Authors: Noorzad Najmuddin , Gürleyük Sırrı Sunay
Published: September 2022

With the increasing growth of industrialization and mechanization of workplaces, electric accidents are becoming quite common, and many workers and individuals are unconscious of the potential electrical hazards that their workplaces present and increase their vulnerability. Electrical currents have a wide range of impacts on the human body, from a barely slight tingling to sudden cardiac arrest. Therefore, a sound understanding of the engineering perspective and the occupational health and safety risk assessments are essential to prevent and manage these hazards. The severity of electrical current effects on the human body depends on various factors and based on their values stimulate different physiological impacts. Electrical current exposes workers to serious, extensive, and widespread occupational hazards which cause injuries and harm in many circumstances. Practically, due to the high number of accidents and potential risks, working people are exposed to electrical power while performing their daily tasks. In fact, the lack of awareness and concern for safety is the primary cause behind these tragedies. The first step to avoiding these hazards begins with safety awareness. The awareness of electrical hazards and safety precautions of employees and individuals plays an important role in increasing the safety of lives, property, and the environment. To this end, a comprehensive risk assessment and point of view regarding the electrical current and its effects on the human body, and from an electricity source to first aid for electrical shocks are considered in this study. At first, the nature of electricity and the basic principles are provided, then it presents the effects and consequences of electrical current passing through the human body, as well as how the electrical hazards occur and make danger. Lastly, it comprises the basic guidance of safety requirements needed to prevent or minimize the electrical current hazards or risks to the human being.
A Computational approach in identifying the herbal compounds as Lactation inducer
Authors: Suganya Jeyabaskar , Kumar G. Rajesh , Radha Mahendran , Mandaly Devi Sagolsem
Published: September 2022

Lactation disorder (i.e. insufficient lactation) is one of the major problems faced by 60%-80% of the females in this generation during post-pregnancy period. A mother who has insufficient lactation is prescribed drugs to boost the production of prolactin hormone and studies on these drugs reported that they cause some adverse effects for the women as well as infants. Over the past decade the herbal products hold special attention in modern medicine after its efficacy and safety well established in clinical trials, because of its easy availability and standardization procedure. The aim of this research work is to identify the natural bioactive compounds with galactagogue property among the five renowned medicinal plants such as Sambucus nigra, Melissa officinalis, Matricaria recutita, Urtica dioica, and Trigonella foenum-graecum. In this study the bioactive compounds present in the plants were identified through literature survey and these compounds were screened for its drug likeness properties. Those compounds which satisfy the drug likeness properties were further analysed for its Prolactin inducing activity through computational approaches. The result of this study concluded that the natural bioactive compound holds good inducing activity towards the protein Prolactin when compared with the common prescribed drugs. In future this study could be further designed to highlight the efficiency of prolactin inducing compound towards drug development process.
Effect of Administration of Sea Cucumber (Phyllophorus sp.) extract on the pain response of Mice (Mus musculus) Induced by Acetic Acid
Authors: Baskara Teragnya Mahaputra I Gusti Made , Dewi Lestari , E. J. T. Sihning , Rahma Turista Dora Dayu , Muhammad Ansori Arif Nur
Published: September 2022

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensation experienced by an individual. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are drugs that are often used to relieve pain. Sea cucumbers are fisheries commodities that have high economic value and are very popular in the international market, one type of the sea cucumbers in Indonesia, especially found on the East coast of Surabaya, sea cucumber (Phyllophorus). In several studies, it has been proven that sea cucumber flavonoids have anti-inflammatory effects. This study uses a post-test only control group design. This study used 25 mice, which were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 was given aquades 10mL/kg BW, group 2 was given acetosal 150mg/kg BW, group 3 was given sea cucumber extract dose 20mg/kg BW, group 4 was given sea cucumber extract 40mg/kg BW, and group 5 was given sea cucumber extract 80mg/kg BW. Each group was induced with pain with acetic acid intraperitoneum 0.7% dose of 10ml/kg BW. Wait 5 minutes. Then do observation and calculation the mice stretching every 10 minutes. The data are taken observation and calculation 3×. Descriptive analysis results showed a decrease in the average stretching of mice in the acetosal therapy group 150mg/kg BW and better than another groups. The results of statistical analysis with Mann-Whitney U showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) between the positive control group and the treatment group dose of 20mg/kg BW (p<0.05); positive control group and the treatment group dose 80mg/kg BW (p<0.05); the treatment group dose 20mg/kg BW and the treatment group dose 40mg/kg BW (p<0.05). From these results, it can be concluded that the sea cucumber extract (Phyllophorus sp.) Dose 40 mg/kg BW has better analgesic effect compared to the treatment group with doses of 20mg/kg BW and 80mg/kg BW but not better than the positive control group.
Development of the composition and research of soft dosage forms with carbon dioxide extract from Scabiosa ochroleuca L.
Authors: Zhunussova Maira , Tursynova Shynar , Abdullabekova Raisa , Murzalieva Gulnara , Karieva Yokut , Akhmetova Saule
Published: September 2022

The article presents the research results on the development of dosage forms with carbon dioxide extract from pale yellow scabious (Scabiosa ochroleuca L.) for topical use. The lipophilic and hydrophilic ointments bases under the conditional name "Scabiol" were taken as objects of research. Rheological studies were carried out using a rotary viscometer of the "Reotest-2" type (Germany) using a cell consisting of systems of coaxial cylinders (S/S1). The speed of rotation of the inner cylinder was regulated by changing the gap between the cylinders, as well as the speed of rotation, and the tangential shear stress was determined. The study of the structural and mechanical properties of the "Scabiol" ointments was carried out at temperatures of 25, 40 and 55 oC. The shear stress and dynamic viscosity of the ointments were measured. Based on the obtained results, graphs were constructed that characterize the changes in the logarithm of the effective viscosity from the gradient of the shear flow rate, and the dependence of the gradient of the shear flow rate on the shear stress. The results of rheological studies showed the absence of structural changes in the shear field with the destruction or appearance of new compounds; the thixotropic properties of lipophilic and hydrophilic «Scabiol» ointments bases were also established. As a result of the study of the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of dosage forms with carbon dioxide extract of pale yellow scabious, it was found that to some extent, ointments inhibit the growth of test cultures in vitro. High-intensity antimicrobial activity was shown by lipophilic ointment "Scabiol" against Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli.
Cogumelos do Brasil e a Ciência Cidadã na divulgação da funga brasileira
Authors: Trierveiler-Pereira Larissa , Simon Cardoso Juli , Prado-Elias Amanda , Neves Maria Alice , Karstedt Fernanda
Published: September 2022

A ciência cidadã corresponde à incorporação do conhecimento de pessoas não envolvidas diretamente com o ambiente acadêmico na produção do conhecimento científico. O monitoramento da biodiversidade é um dos tipos de projeto que se beneficia com a participação da ciência cidadã, já que os centros de pesquisa muitas vezes não possuem recursos suficientes para coletar informações relevantes sobre as espécies locais. No levantamento da diversidade de macrofungos, os projetos de ciência cidadã são essenciais, pois estamos nos referindo a estruturas reprodutivas efêmeras, sazonais e muitas vezes com distribuição restrita. Neste trabalho apresentamos dados referentes ao Grupo Cogumelos do Brasil, uma comunidade virtual na rede social Facebook que existe desde 2013. Entre maio e junho de 2021 foi realizado um levantamento de espécies baseado em fotografias postadas no grupo. Após o mês de acompanhamento, verificamos que 61 membros, oriundos de 17 estados brasileiros, publicaram fotografias de pelo menos 126 táxons diferentes de macrofungos (ascomicetos e basidiomicetos). Ainda, são apresentados estudos de caso que demonstram o potencial deste grupo para futuros estudos envolvendo ciência cidadã.
Modificación de la actividad metabólica por medio de un dispositivo intraoral en pacientes con hiperplasia condilar confirmada por SPECT.
Authors: Bono Andrea E. , Learreta Jorge A.
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de la aplicación de un dispositivo intraoral de uso permanente en el comportamiento de los cóndilos con hiperplasia condilar (HC) confirmada por tomografía computarizada de emisión por fotón único (SPECT), estableciendo una comparación con un grupo de pacientes con HC que no utilizó el dispositivo. Materiales y métodos: 30 pacientes con una edad promedio de 21,7 años (+/-5,56) con HC confirmada con SPECT fueron asignados al azar a dos grupos: a los del grupo I (n=18) se les colocó un dispositivo intraoral de uso permanente para modificar la posición de la mandíbula, mientras que a los del grupo II (n=12) no se les colocó ningún dispositivo. Se realizaron evaluaciones de dolor, del desvío de la línea media, de la apertura máxima y del disconfort al inicio del estudio y a los 2, 4, 6, 10, 12 y 14 meses. A los 19 meses promedio, la actividad osteoblástica (AO) fue reevaluada mediante SPECT. Resultados: En el grupo I, la AO en los cortes coronales y transversales cesó o disminuyó (p<0,001) respecto a la condición inicial, mientras que en el grupo II la AO au-
mentó (p<0,001). Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el test de Wilcoxon de rangos signados. Al ajustar un modelo de ANCOVA robusto utilizando el valor inicial como covariable también se observa que el efecto del grupo fue estadísticamente significativo en ambos cortes (p<0,001).Conclusiones: La aplicación de un dispositivo intraoral de uso permanente mejora la evolución de la hiperplasia condilar, lo que lo puede convertir en un tratamiento de utilidad para el tiempo que se aguarda para realizar una condilectomía alta de cuello de cóndilo, o incluso para evitar este
procedimiento.
Mass Outcome or Mass Intent?: A Proposal for an Intent-Focused, No-Minimum Casualty Count Definition of Public Mass Shootings
Authors: Greene-Colozzi Emily , Silva Jason
Published: September 2022

In this commentary, we propose a unifying public mass shooting definition that captures the generally conceptualized phenomenon but also expands the inclusion to all incidents regardless of casualty count. We suggest that public mass shootings be broken down into four outcome categories – completed, attempted, failed, and foiled – which have unique incident outcomes but share a common thread of mass intent. We argue for the importance of a no-minimum casualty count definition (thus including zero casualties) that emphasizes mass intent rather than the completion of the shooting. We highlight the value of and rationale for this definition by discussing the limitations of current victim criteria, and we conclude with a proposed strategy that emphasizes objective indicators of mass intent.
PARCERE SUBIECTIS ET DEBELLARE SUPERBOS.THE STELE OF THE VULTURES AS EXEMPLARY NARRATIVE
Authors: Seminara Stefano
Published: September 2022

The correspondence between text and imagery on the Stele of the Vulturesis a long-debated question.Even the meaning and the sequence of the images on the reverse of the Stele, as well as their relationship to the text are still obscure.Given that perfect correspondence was not a priority, this article proposes an overall interpretation of the monument. According to the author,the topic of rebellion, which is alluded to in the text through threats and curses upon anyone who would violate the oaths,and which is just implied (ellipsis) in the visual account, is the key to understanding the message of the monument
EPIGRAPHIC FINDINGSAT PAIKULI (2018-2019). A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Cereti Carlo G. , Terribili Gianfilippo
Published: September 2022

This paper presentsthe most significant evidence of the new epigraphic findings recovered at Paikuli (Iraqi Kurdistan) in the 2018 and 2019 campaigns, for atotal of 9blocks and fragments (8MP and 2Pa). Other epigraphic findings will be included in the final publication onthe monument and its inscription, forthcomingin 2023
DIGITISING THE NAPOLEONIC MAP OF EGYPT. THE CREATION AND PUBLICATION OF AN OPEN DATA SET FOR TH ERECONSTRUCTION OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN LANDSCAPE
Authors: Bogdani Julian , D'Erasmo Domizia , de Leone Cecilia , Giordano Arianna
Published: September 2022

The Carte topographique de l’Égypte, published in 1828 by the French engineer Pierre Jacotin, has always been considered a significantmeansfor the reconstruction of the ancient Egyptian landscape. This cartographic series can be used as an informativebridge linkingthe present and the past, in the effort to understand the many changes that have determined the Egyptian landscape over the centuries.The production of digital geographical data from historical sources with the help of GIS (Geographic Information Systems) methodologies has been a goal of the Laboratorio di Archeologia Digitale (LAD) of Sapienza University of Rome for several years now. This paper presentsthe first significantresults of the digitisation and analysis of the47 plates of the Napoleonic Map of Egyptedited in the first yearsof the 19thCentury, carried out by the LAD team and published online as open data
On the features of the artistic creativity of Saida Khunagova
Authors: Панеш Учужук Масхудович , Шаззо Шамсет Еристемовна
Published: September 2022

Выявляются особенности поэзии Саиды Хунаговой, в которой отразились черты отечественной литературы 80 - 90-х гг. Определяются идейно-тематическое своеобразие, жанровые и структурно-стилевые особенности произведений, вошедших в различные сборники. Отмечаются такие содержательные особенности стихов, как внимание к феномену отдельной личности, сложной природе человеческого сознания, что оказало влияние на поэтическую форму творческих явлений. Опора на сравнительно-типологический метод позволяет уточнить связи поэзии С. Хунаговой с общим литературным процессом нового этапа его развития, что углубляет теоретические знания о природе искусства слова. Творческие искания поэта анализируются в контексте национальной литературы, что, согласно замыслу, дает представление о типологических особенностях современного художественно-эстетического процесса.

The paper examines the peculiarities of Saida Khunagova's poetry, which reflects the features of domestic literature of the 1980-1990s. The authors determine the ideological and thematic originality, genre, structural and style features of the works included in various collections. Such meaningful features of poems as attention to the phenomenon of an individual, the complex nature of human consciousness, which influenced the poetic form of creative phenomena, are noted. Reliance on a comparative typological method allows us to clarify the connections of S. Khunagova's poetry with the general literature process of a new stage of its development, which deepens theoretical knowledge about the nature of the art of the word. The poet's creative searches are analyzed in the context of national literature, which, according to the plan, gives an idea of the typological features of the modern artistic - aesthetic process.