bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTATION OF VILLAGE OWNED ENTERPRISE PROGRAM POLICY IN LAMU VILLAGE, TILAMUTA DISTRICT, BOALEMO DISTRICT
Authors: Poliyama Magfirah , Tui Fenti Prihatini , Tantu Romy
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine and analyze the Policy Implementation of the Village-Owned Enterprise Program in Lamu Village, Tilamuta District, Boalemo Regency, in terms of Communication, Resources, Disposition and Bureaucratic Structure. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a type of Qualitative Descriptive research, while the data collection techniques used are observation and documentation. Based on the results of research analyzed in the field that (1) the Policy Implementation Process of Village-Owned Enterprises Program in Lamu, Tilamuta District, Boalemo Regency includes aspects Communication carried out  by managers  with the community, it  is sufficient to be applied by BUMDes managers because the information  obtained is clear in terms of information, transparency of the BUMDes ProgramHowever, there are still people who do not know the programs implemented because the community does not attend meetings held by the Village Government and BUMDes Management. Resources, which exist  in the management of BUMDes are quite good, in this case Human resources can beseen from the managers of BUMDes have  greatly supported the success of existing BUMDes activities  , but in terms of facilities that support BUMDes program policies have not been fulfilled properly.    Disposition, the executors of Village-Owned Enterprises behave in accordance with the existing rules  in  BUMDes, but have not been optimal and professional in carrying out their duties and functions because managers still need to learn and need guidance, in addition to the attitude of the management that is not open, and  the Bureaucratic Structure, regarding the BUMDes Program do well based on AD / ART regulations and SOPs so that the programs carried out are not neglected / failed.
Stagnation-Point Flow and Heat Transfer over an Exponentially Stretching/Shrinking Inclined Plate in a Micropolar Fluid
Authors: Siti Khuzaimah Bt. Soid  , Fairul Naim Abu Bakar  , Nur Hazirah Adilla Norzawary  , Farizza Haniem Sohut
Published: January 2025

The study investigates the fluid flow characteristics and heat transfer over an exponentially stretching/shrinking inclined plate immersed in a micropolar fluid. The micropolar fluid model considers the rotational effects of microelements relevant to complex industrial fluid behavior. Using similarity variables, the governing equations for fluid flow and heat transfer are transformed from Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) to Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), and appropriate boundary conditions are incorporated to simulate the behavior of the micropolar fluid over the inclined plate. The ODEs are numerically solved using MATLAB software with BVP4c, and the results are compared with previous findings, showing good agreement. The effects of critical parameters such as plate inclination angle, stretching/shrinking rate, and micropolar fluid parameters are examined. Notably, the micropolar parameter significantly influences the skin friction for stretching and shrinking flows. An increase in the micropolar parameter leads to increased skin friction for stretching flows, while for shrinking flows, the skin friction decreases within a specific range of stretching/shrinking values. The behavior of the local couple stress becomes complex as the micropolar parameter increases. Additionally, the local Nusselt number decreases as the micropolar parameter increases for shrinking flows, indicating a reduction in heat transfer from the solid surface during shrinking flow. Moreover, an increase in the Sherwood number suggests a relatively slower mass transfer rate than momentum transfer. These findings offer valuable insights into the behavior of micropolar fluids over exponentially stretching/shrinking inclined plates, guiding optimizing heat transfer and fluid flow in practical engineering systems. ¬
Fossil flying squirrels (Petauristinae, Sciuridae, Rodentia) from the Yumidong Cave in Wushan County, Chongqing, China
Authors: Pang Li-bo , Chen Shao-kun , Hu Xin , Wu Yan , Wei Guang-biao
Published: January 2025

Flying squirrels are important forest environment indicators. There have been many reports on them from fossil localities of the Late Cenozoic in southwest China, but relatively few detailed studies have been carried out on them. Numerous flying squirrel fossils of the Mid-Late Pleistocene were unearthed from the Yumidong Cave in Wushan County, Chongqing Municipality, China, providing excellent materials for morphological comparison and further research on this group. Four species have been recognised from this locality, including Pteromys volans, Trogopterus xanthipes, Belomys pearsonii and Aeretes melanopterus. P. volans and A. melanopterus are Palearctic species, which adapted to the cold environment and had been completely extinct in the study area since the Holocene Megathermal period. Based on the analyses of paleozoogeography and paleoecology of these four species, it could be concluded that the Yumidong Cave area was dominated by subalpine evergreen coniferous forest or coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest during MIS 2 and MIS 4 periods, which were colder and had more coniferous forest than now, while the vegetation landscape of MIS 3 and MIS 5 periods were similar to that of nowadays.
Habitat of early stegocephalians (Chordata, Vertebrata, Sarcopterygii): a little saltier than most paleontologists like?
Authors: Laurin Michel
Published: January 2025

A controversy on the degree of marine influence in the paleoenvironments represented by many Paleozoic stegocephalian-bearing fossiliferous localities has persisted for decades. Many authors have equated the absence of a typical stenohaline marine fauna with freshwater environments, but this ignores continental salt lakes and the many transitional environments (deltaic, estuarine, lagoonal, and some epicontinental seas that receive much freshwater influx, like the Baltic Sea) that separate typical marine environments from freshwater environments. This is problematic because it seems plausible that many of the late Paleozoic sediments that have been preserved were deposited on coasts in deltas and estuaries. The author had compiled a dataset of paleoenvironmental interpretations of Devonian to Early Permian stegocephalian (“tetrapod”)-bearing fossiliferous localities in 2010. How have these interpretations withstood the test of time, especially in the face of new results from different kinds of evidence? An updated dataset and a new literature review show that the case for a marine origin of stegocephalians has strengthened, especially through additional discoveries or reinterpretations of fossils that suggest marine influence in various classical vertebrate-bearing Permo-Carboniferous localities traditionally interpreted as freshwater, and a recent analysis of stable isotopes in Late Devonian localities.
Les conditions de possibilité de l’hospitalité aujourd’hui
Authors: Albanel Véronique , Albanel Véronique
Published: January 2025

Faut-il repenser les conditions de possibilité de l’hospitalité aujourd’hui ? Cette question peut sembler vaine s’agissant de l’Europe, longuement usée par les guerres fratricides, dont l’honneur a été sauvé par les « justes parmi les nations ». Pourtant, les décennies qui viennent de s’écouler ne nous ont pas seulement ébranlés au point de douter de presque tout. L’hospitalité est à présent attaquée et discréditée, y compris par des philosophes chrétiens ou des théologiens catholiques. « Coincée » entre l’inhospitalité radicale de Carl Schmit et l’hospitalité absolue de Jacques Derrida, une hospitalité régulée doit être envisagée pour échapper aux deux dangers qui menacent de l’anéantir : le nationalisme et le populisme.
Une place pour les migrants ?
Authors: Greiner Dominique , Greiner Dominique
Published: January 2025

Prolongeant les échanges de la journée d’étude, cette contribution dégage quelques convictions sur les conditions d’un discours éthique réaliste sur les migrations, un sujet rarement abordé de manière apaisée dans l’espace public. Elle s’interroge ensuite sur ce que révèle de notre fonctionnement social le traitement des demandes administratives présentées par les migrants et les réfugiés. Enfin, elle resitue la question de l’intégration des migrants dans la problématique plus large de l’intégration sociale des pauvres.
Differential Harnack estimates for the semilinear parabolic equation with three exponents on $ \mathbb{R}^{n} $
Authors: Zeng Fanqi , Geng Wenli , Liu Ke An , Wang Boya
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we thought about the positive solutions to the semilinear parabolic equation with three exponents, and obtained several differential Harnack estimates of the positive solutions to the equation. As applications of the main theorems, we found blow-up solutions for the equation and classical Harnack inequalities. Our results generalize some recent works in this direction.
Podobe bidermajerske Ljubljane
Authors: Preinfalk Miha , Ambrožič Matjaž , Golec Boris , Holz Eva , Keber Katarina , Lazar Tomaž , Motnik Marko , Smolej Tone , Šimac Miha , Žigon Tanja
Published: January 2025

Monografija prinaša 14 študij o Ljubljani v tridesetih letih 19. stoletja. Podlaga zanje so bila pisma, ki jih je med letoma 1832 in 1840 upokojeni stotnik Franc Franz (1779–1840) iz Ljubljane skoraj vsakodnevno pošiljal Jožefu Kalasancu baronu Erbergu (1771–1843) v Dol pri Ljubljani; transkribirana pisma so izšla v samostojni e-knjigi Pisma Franca Franza baronu Erbergu (1832–1840).
Uvodne razprave osvetljujejo življenje in kariero glavnega protagonista oziroma avtorja pisem, stotnika Franca Franza, v nadaljevanju pa prinašajo splošno predstavitev predmarčne Ljubljane ter različnih družbenih slojev v mestu – plemstva, meščanstva in vojaštva. Avtorice in avtorji predstavljajo tudi družabno in kulturno življenje v mestu, zlasti delovanje stanovskega gledališča in prireditve v Kazini, med katerimi je prednjačila tombola. Dotaknejo se tudi potovalnih navad ljubljanskega meščanstva, bolezni in splošnega zdravstvenega stanja ter cerkvenih razmer. Monografijo zaključuje slovenski prevod Franzevih nemških pisem za leto 1836, ko je v Ljubljani pustošila kolera.
Harnessing Energy for Waste Conversion Processes
Authors: Singh Sony , Rani Manjoo , Ghildiyal Saurabh
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence requires machines and systems imitate human intelligence to perform tasks and upgrade themselves based on the information they collect. In waste management, Artificial a management plays a crucial role by instigate smart recycling solutions that increase efficiency and ethical. Artificial intelligence may play a climacteric role in waste management, which starts with the usage of smart trash bins, to speed up the procedure and efficiently handle the waste collection. These bins are frequently paired with an app that informs users of the closest place where waste bins are available, preventing overflowing of the bins. When waste is being slough off a smart recycling container keeps traces of and separates it.
Employing Biotechnology for the Treatment of Organic Refuse
Authors: Tudu Mousumi , Chatterjee Sohini , Mohanta Abhishek , Priya Kaushiki , Samanta Amalesh
Published: January 2025

Waste accumulation has become an alarming issue to the environment. The treatment of organic waste through biotechnological approaches has emerged as a promising solution to improve the quality of health and nature. The wide range of methods includes microbial consortia, enzymatic process, employing genetically engineered organisms and degradation, conversion and valorisation of organic waste. Large scale application of bioremediation, anaerobic digestion and composting prove highly effective and potential. Advancement in the field of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering have enhanced the use of specific microorganism to allow improvement in the yield value of by-product like biogas, biofuels and biofertilizers. Integration of biotechnology in organic waste management not only helps in curbing environmental pollution but also contribute to the circular economy by converting waste products into resources. Hence, this integration is essential for the achievement of sustained waste management and for the recovery of resource.
Leveraging Augmented Reality for Educational Outreach on Recycling Practices
Authors: Vishnu Priya M. , Rajaprian K.
Published: January 2025

Augmented Reality (AR) has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing educational outreach and engaging audiences in meaningful ways. This chapter explores the application of AR technology to promote and educate the public about recycling practices. By providing immersive and interactive experiences, AR can make complex recycling processes more understandable and accessible. This chapter examines various AR platforms and applications designed to educate users about the importance of recycling, the types of materials that can be recycled, and the correct methods for doing so. It also discusses the development and implementation of AR educational programs, their effectiveness in increasing public awareness, and the potential for widespread adoption. Case studies of successful AR initiatives in educational settings are presented to illustrate the impact and benefits of this innovative approach. The chapter concludes with future directions for AR in environmental education and its role in fostering sustainable behaviours.
Intelligent Approaches to Promote Recycling Aligned With Sustainability Objectives
Authors: Dev Saty , Rani Manjoo , Srivastava Rajeev , Prakash Surya
Published: January 2025

Recycling is becoming increasingly important as the world moves toward sustainability due to resource depletion, climate change, and environmental degradation. World COP28, held in UAE also showed recycling as a major challenge to achieve SDG12. Recycling is a cornerstone of sustainable development, promoting the reuse of materials and waste reduction. However, problems with conventional recycling techniques include low public involvement, contaminated recyclable materials, and inefficient sorting. To overcome these obstacles, intelligent approaches have the potential to be transformative. The accuracy and effectiveness of the recycling process can be improved through the application of state-of-the-art technologies. Advanced and intelligent technologies like AI, ML IoT, etc. are important components for such methods. This chapter emphasized the advanced and smart technologies for waste recycling. The suitability, compatibility with SDGs, live applications and challenging factors in recycling are also described.
Innovative Wind Energy Solutions for Smart-Sustainable Communities
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Hammouch Hind , Chandra Saurabh
Published: January 2025

As the transition to Industry 5.0 gains steam, and new socially-conscious smart communities emerge in its wake, innovative wind energy solutions remain equally important for sustainable future growth of today´s human-centric environmentally conscious technology advancements. Advanced wind turbines when combined with smart grid technologies and energy management systems can improve the cost efficiency of communities; bring down their carbon footprints helping to achieve climate resilience. Modern solutions for wind energy utilizes IoT sensors and data analytics to maximize the performance of turbines, predict when energy will be produced, and adapt in real-time to changing environmental factors. This chapter focuses on the intelligent energy management vision epitomizes the widespread application of advanced technologies to make sure our cities and communities resilient while using clean energy.
Role of Biotechnology in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Shukla Ashutosh , Shukla Anupamaa , Shukla Parjanya Kumar
Published: January 2025

Biotechnology plays a pivotal role in advancing water treatment technologies, addressing the limitations of conventional methods. This chapter explores the integration of biotechnological approaches, such as the use of isolated enzymes, immobilized microorganisms, and bioelectrochemical systems, to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of water treatment processes. Emphasis is placed on innovative solutions like membrane bioreactors, constructed wetlands, and the application of nano biotechnology for the removal of micropollutants and other contaminants. The chapter also discusses the challenges and future prospects of scaling up these technologies for widespread application. The increasing industrialization and urbanization have led to significant wastewater pollution, posing severe environmental and health risks. Biotechnology offers innovative and sustainable solutions for wastewater treatment by leveraging biological processes and organism.
Biofiltration Techniques for Industrial Effluent Treatment
Authors: Patel Tarun Kumar
Published: January 2025

The chapter “Biofiltration Techniques for Industrial Effluent Treatment” explores the use of biofiltration as an eco-friendly, effective method for managing industrial wastewater. It highlights biofiltration's significance in addressing complex organic and inorganic pollutants found in industrial effluents, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional treatment methods. The chapter provides a detailed overview of biofiltration principles and systems, such as fixed-bed biofilters, fluidized-bed biofilters, and biofilm reactors, examining their effectiveness across various industries. The advantages and limitations of biofiltration in real-world applications are also described. The chapter also discusses recent advancements, emerging trends, and future research directions, offering valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals on optimizing biofiltration for more sustainable industrial waste management.
Bioinformatics in Monitoring and Enhancing Wastewater Treatment Processes
Authors: Srivastava Richa
Published: January 2025

Bioinformatics is essential in monitoring and improving wastewater treatment processes. Various spectroscopic methods combined with chemometric tools are effective for monitoring and controlling bioprocesses in wastewater treatment systems. Integrating metagenomic sequencing with viral epidemiology enhances the monitoring of pathogenic viruses in wastewater, offering predictive intelligence for virus-related diseases. In biological wastewater treatment, innovative approaches like microbial sensors and enhanced process monitoring methods propose to enhance process control and efficiency in treatment plants.
Human-Centric Versus State-Driven
Authors: Arora Anshu Saxena , Saboia Luisa , Arora Amit , McIntyre John R.
Published: January 2025

This research examines the contrasting artificial intelligence (AI) governance strategies of the European Union (EU) and China, focusing on the dichotomy between human-centric and state-driven policies. The EU's approach, exemplified by the EU AI Act, emphasizes transparency, fairness, and individual rights protection, enforcing strict regulations for high-risk AI applications to build public trust. Conversely, China's state-driven model prioritizes rapid AI deployment and national security, often at the expense of individual privacy, as seen through its flexible regulatory framework and substantial investment in AI innovation. By applying the United States' National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) AI Risk Management Framework's Map, Measure, Manage, and Govern functions, this study explores how both regions balance technological advancement with ethical oversight. The study ultimately suggests that a harmonized approach, integrating elements of both models, could promote responsible global AI development and regulation.
The Mediating Effect of Smart Technology on the Relationship Between Homestay Management and Collaborative Digital Economy
Authors: Nor Sarina Mohamad , Awang Khairil Wahidin , Faisal Aekram
Published: January 2025

Understanding the role of smart technologies in enhancing homestay operations is crucial. The research employs a quantitative methodology. Uses the purposive sampling technique, whereby respondents sourced are 131 active homestay operators. Theoretical foundations are developed based on the TAM and Stakeholder Theory. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS and PLS-SEM, employing techniques such as descriptive analysis, measures of convergent validity, and bootstrapping. The results showed a complex interplay between Smart Homestay Management practices and Collaborative Digital Economy Smart Partnership outcomes. Smart Tourism Promotion was found to have a strong positive direct effect on Collaborative Digital Economy Smart Partnership, while Smart Technology positively mediated relationships between Smart Assistants and Smart Payment. However, Smart Payment had a weak negative direct effect. This study adds to the expanding pool of information, about homestay management and sharing economy providing perspectives for policy makers, homestay operators, and tech innovators.
From Efficiency to Growth Strategy Along the Global Value Chains
Authors: Mohiuddin Muhammad , Al-Azad Md. Samim , Su Zhan
Published: January 2025

Offshore outsourcing has been considered a low cost production site. There is rare studies that addressed the offshore outsourcing strategy as a growth strategy where offshoring focal firm can develop their capabilities for competitive advantage. This paper explores how SMEs enhance their dynamic capabilities by entering into offshore outsourcing relationships. The dynamic capabilities development process includes increasing focus on the Core competency, developing innovation capabilities, increasing market share in existing and/or new markets, and improving its flexibility to face the dynamic business ecosystem. This exploratory case study on ten manufacturing SMEs from Quebec (Canada) shows that offshore outsourcing contributes to developing dynamic capabilities with varying degrees of success. It shows an evolutionary path of the dynamic capability development process. Managers can enhance their understanding on how offshoring can enable firms to improve their dynamic capabilities to face challenging business eco-system and remain competitive in the high cost countries (HCC).
Recent Advancements in Chemical Bath Deposited Pristine CDs Thin Films For Hotovoltaic Applications
Authors: Danasuriya U. I. , Liyanapathirana B. C. , Jayathilaka C. K. M. D. , Wijesundera R. P. , Kumarage W. G. C.
Published: January 2025

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is (II–VI) group n-type semiconductor with appreciable physical and electronic properties. The wide band gap of about 2.42 eV, large absorption coefficient of 4×104 cm−1 and high mobility (440 cm2 V-1 s-1) make it applicable in photovoltaic energy conversion. Consequently, CdS is considered an excellent window material as well as a buffer layer for almost all chalcogenide thin film technologies, including copper zinc tin selenide (CZTSe), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and CdTe-based solar cells. However, the defects present in the CdS thin films, such as inter-granular caves and pin holes, relaxation losses due to excess photon energy, and carrier recombination, can potentially affect the low light-to-current conversion efficiency with respect to the theoretical value of the above solar cells. Many studies have been carried out to produce CdS thin films with good optoelectronic properties suitable for photovoltaic applications. Among the numerous methods of depositing CdS, chemical bath deposition (CBD) stands out as a simple and low-cost method to prepare high-quality CdS thin films among those methods. However, the efficiency of resultant CBD-CdS thin films is strongly dependent on several parameters that should be very carefully adjusted: composition of the solution, especially sources, and concentration of sulfur and cadmium ions, pH and temperature of deposition bath, as well as the duration of the deposition on the morphology and quality of the CdS films. Additionally, doping, hydride methods, and surfactant-assisted deposition approaches are also performed to enhance the physical properties of the CdS. Regardless of the deposition technique, the post-deposited films' characterisation and deposition process optimisations are still an open subject. This review article describes the recent approaches to enhance the optoelectrical properties of the CBD CdS thin films and their recent advance in photovoltaic applications.
Extent and predictors of socio economic deprivation in urban geriatric subjects: evidence from Varanasi, India
Authors: Keshari Priya , Shankar Hari
Published: January 2025

Old age Socio Economic Deprivation (SED) is a significant issue because geriatric subjects (60 years and above) are more vulnerable to SED than the other age group. Socio-economic deprivation refers to deprivation in terms of economic parameters, food, water sanitation, shelter and information. The predictors of SED in geriatric subjects have been the least researched area. The objective of the present study was to find out predictors of SED. This study was carried out by adopting a cross-sectional study design on 616 (279 male and 337 female) geriatric subjects (60 years and above) selected by a multistage sampling procedure from urban Varanasi, India. Pre-designed, pre-tested proforma was used for assessing socio-economic deprivation in subjects by using interview techniques. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 22.0. In order to find out predictors of all significant variables in bivariate analysis, viz., associates of socioeconomic deprivation were subjected to a logistic regression model. According to Rangrajan Committee criteria 38.0% subjects were below the poverty line. Food, water and sanitation deprivation were to the extent of 44.8%, 29.2% and 14.8%, respectively. As many as 32.6 % and 40.9% of subjects were deprived of shelter and education, respectively. There existed a significant association of gender, marital status, caste, religion, type of family and literacy status of study subjects with SED. However, the logistic model nullified the significant association of these variables with SED. In comparison to family size < 3 risk of SED was 3.31 (CI: 1.13-9.68) and 10.17 (CI: 2.44-42.45) times more in subjects with family size 3-6 and >6, respectively. When upper, upper middle and lower middle socio-economic status categories were considered as reference it was found that risk for SED was significantly (p<0.01) more in lower and upper lower SES categories. Odds of SED for lower and upper lower SES were 84.13 (CI: 15.9-244.63) and 18.24 (CI: 8.69-38.24) times higher than their counterparts, respectively. People with socioeconomic deprivation need to have focused attention based on the predictors of SED. Limiting family size, ensuring income generation activities and economic security are key inputs for optimum dividends in tackling SED.
Impact of urbanization on energy intensity in SAARC countries: an empirical analysis
Authors: Ahzan K. F. Rinosha , Kankanamge Anuruddha
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the effect of urbanization on energy intensity in SAARC countries and compare Sri Lanka’s status with other SAARC countries between 1990 and 2015. This study used the urban population as a proxy variable for urbanization. Other control variables in the model are per capita income and squared value of per capita income (PCI), capital formation, industrialization, labour and carbon dioxide emissions, squared value of carbon dioxide emissions and six country dummy variables to detect country effect. Fixed effects model and Least Squared Dummy Variable model (LSDV) with country-urbanization interactive variables model were employed in the estimation. Our results indicate urbanization in the SAARC region increases energy intensity in all countries except Sri Lanka. With urbanization, Pakistan has the fastest increase in energy intensity. Our results confirm Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis which is consistent with the literature. Industrialization and labour force participation lower energy intensity. Carbon dioxide emission and the squared value of that variable show a U-shaped behaviour with energy intensity. This implies higher energy use further increases energy intensity and needs mitigating policies to curb higher energy use. According to the results, Pakistan has the lowest energy intensity and Sri Lanka has higher energy intensity among SAARC countries. Sri Lanka needs to lower the energy intensity by reducing inefficient energy use in all possible sectors such as transportation. Since urbanization significantly reduces energy intensity in Sri Lanka, efficient public transportation coupled with planned urbanization will help to lower our energy intensity in the long run.
Proposed variant of Myers' Index
Authors: Nasir Jamal Abdul , Imtiaz Maira , Javaid Maliha
Published: January 2025

This paper extends the Alternative Myers’ index Pal et al. (2014) as a common measure of the quality of age reporting in addition to Pal et al. (2014) past development using the data of selected Asian countries. The most recent wave of country-specific demographic and health survey data is used for the present study. Three different versions of the Myers’ index are proposed. The proposed versions are calculated by replacing the original population with a person-year approach. When proposed variants are compared with the alternative version, the proposed modified variants seem to be appropriate as they fall closer to the original Myer index values. In contrast, alternative index values are distant from the standard Myers’ index values. Moreover, the results of the analysis extended to compare the proposed variants and alternative index across the place of residence and the education status of the respondents. Finally, in all these comparisons the results revealed to be in the same direction that the modified variants are better in terms of distance than an alternative index with the standard Myers’ index values.
Treating the System: A Systematic Review of Addressing Social and Family Relationship Factors for Loneliness in Transitioned-aged Youth
Authors: Dar Danishwar Rasool , Sobhana H.
Published: January 2025

Research highlights transitioned-aged youths are disproportionately affected by loneliness, identifying this age group as a significant “hotspot” compared to other age groups. Globally, loneliness is considered the present-day pandemic of the technological era, causing psychological distress such as depression and anxiety. Using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework, this paper aimed to identify emerging themes in a systematic approach addressing social and family relationship factors for loneliness in transitioned-aged youth youth. The overarching thematic operation was guided by a research question: How do social and family relationship factors effect the loneliness and emotional wellbeing of transitioned-aged youth? Searches were conducted on APA PsycINFO, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google electronic databases. From the included 65 articles, the unique findings of emerged themes were: “family relationships,” “impaired social and emotional connections,” “relational interactions and conflict,” “distress and loneliness,” “family engagement challenges in youth mental health,” “collectivism and loneliness,” “self and loneliness,” and “pathways of mental health services.” Social and family relationships are important factors for addressing loneliness during the formative years of youth. These are potential constructs and critically pertinent in understanding the underlying relational dynamics for effective intervention pathways.
Evaluating the Antiviral Effectiveness of Different Medications in Treating Respiratory Conditions: A Thorough Meta-analysis of Drug Interventions for Acute Bronchiolitis and Bronchitis
Authors: Almadhi Afnan Yousef , Aldhuwayhi Fahad Albdulaziz , Alharbi Khalid Abdulrahim , Alhasan Jumana Hani , Abdullah Layla , Alotaibi Ghaida Abdullah , Alfagieh Arwa Mohammed , Alawad Fatema Hani , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef
Published: January 2025

Background:

Bronchiolitis, predominantly associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections. Recent studies underscore RSV’s significant impact, challenging previous assumptions and revealing associations with other respiratory viruses. Despite its prevalence, current treatments for bronchiolitis are primarily supportive, with no routine use of specific antiviral drugs. Similarly, acute bronchitis, affecting 5% of adults annually, is primarily caused by viruses, with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and potential contributions from Chlamydia pneumoniae as non-viral agents. The distinct aetiologies of bronchiolitis and acute bronchitis emphasise the need for a nuanced approach to their management and further research to enhance understanding and treatment strategies.

Objective:

The objective of this meta-analysis is to systematically assess the antiviral capabilities of different drugs, aiming to offer evidence-based insights into their effectiveness for treating patients with acute bronchiolitis and bronchitis.

Materials and Methods:

Statistical analyses were conducted using R software 4.2.2, including mean differences (standard deviation) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for continuous outcomes. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane Q P value and I² statistic with both random-effects and common effect models. Publication bias was evaluated through funnel plots and Egger’s regression test.

Results:

The meta-analysis demonstrates a significant positive impact of antiviral medication on acute bronchitis, with a mean difference of 5.4027 (95% CI: 4.5771–6.2283, P < 0.0001). However, substantial heterogeneity amongst studies (P < 0.001) emphasises the need for further exploration into sources of variation. A cautious interpretation, considering study characteristics, is crucial for a comprehensive understanding.

Conclusion:

The meta-analysis indicates a significant positive effect of antiviral medication on acute bronchitis. However, the presence of notable heterogeneity amongst the studies emphasises the need for careful interpretation and further exploration into potential sources of variation. Despite these challenges, the findings suggest the potential efficacy of antiviral medication in treating acute bronchitis, providing valuable insights for clinical practice.
Comparative Effectiveness of Pharmacological versus Non-pharmacological Interventions for Migraine Management: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Alsakhairi Ali Abed , Almazyad Laura Abdulaziz , Alarifi Ahmad Ibrahim , Almanea Sarah Hamad , Alradady Rahaf , Alharbi Fahad Khulaif , Alsubaie Faisal Homoud , Alzahrani Adel Samah , Alqasoumi Mohammed Saleh , Alawad Fatema Hani , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef , Fatani Ghadeer Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Background:

Non-pharmacological interventions are increasingly explored as alternatives to pharmacological treatments for managing migraine, with the aim of reducing attack frequency and migraine days per month. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions versus pharmacological treatments in addressing these parameters.

Methods:

The present study conforms to the PRISMA guidelines for conducting systematic review and meta-analysis. An electronic search was conducted with PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for articles published between 2000 and 2024. RCTs that compare non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments of migraine patients were included. Details of data extraction and analysis were done by two researchers, while statistical analysis was done using R 4.2.2. For continuous data, the mean differences with the corresponding 95% CIs and the I² statistic for heterogeneity were used.

Results:

A significant reduction in attack frequency per month was observed with non-pharmacological interventions compared to pharmacological treatments, as indicated by a negative mean difference (−0.2896) in the common effect model. However, the random effects model suggested greater variability in results, highlighting the need for nuanced interpretation. No statistically significant difference was found in migraine days per month between the two interventions, although observed heterogeneity underscores the importance of individualized approaches in migraine management.

Discussion:

Publication bias was detected in the analysis of attack frequency, emphasizing the need for cautious interpretation. The assessment of study quality revealed limitations, indicating the necessity for improved reporting standards and methodological rigor in migraine research.

Conclusion:

Non-pharmacological interventions show effectiveness in decreasing migraine attack frequency compared to pharmacological treatments, highlighting their potential in symptom management. Nevertheless, the variability in outcomes and the presence of publication bias advise against making conclusive judgments. The intricate management of migraines necessitates personalized strategies that align with the unique needs of each patient.
Assessing the Effectiveness and Safety of Empagliflozin in Type 2 Diabetics with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alharbi Hassan Abdulmohsen , Albasri Reem Abdulrahman Naser , Jan Raghad Abdulmohsen , Hamood Nouf Abdulraheem , Alqahtani Faisal Mohammed M. , Alsuwaylih Mohammed Abdulmajeed , Alanazi Yousef Abdulhadi , Mohaini Mohammad Al
Published: January 2025

Background:

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), comprising ST-elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is a significant coronary heart disease subcategory causing one-third of deaths in individuals aged 35 and above. Risk factors for ACS include smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and more. Diabetes mellitus, linked to cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factors, increases coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality risk by 2–4 times and negatively impacts post-myocardial infarction prognosis. Empagliflozin, an antidiabetic agent for type 2 diabetes patients, works by inhibiting sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) in kidneys, reducing renal glucose reabsorption and increasing urinary glucose excretion. SGLT2 inhibitors like empagliflozin may lower CV event risks, reduce heart failure hospitalisations and improve cardiac function parameters. However, specific empagliflozin outcomes on diabetic patients with CAD need further meta-analysis investigation.

Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive search across four electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) up until April 2024, to identify pertinent studies evaluating the effectiveness of empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetics with acute coronary syndrome. The quality of evidence from trials was assessed using the Risk of Bias tool 1. The data from the included studies were extracted into a uniform online sheet and analysed using RevMan 5.4.

Results:

Our search led to the identification of four studies involving a total of 729 patients. The meta-analysis results demonstrated that empagliflozin had a statistically significant effect on patients’ HbA1C (mean difference [MD] = −0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] [ − 0.39, 0.00]) and a statistically significant P = 0.05. In addition, empagliflozin could reduce body weight (MD = −2.46, 95% CI [−3.35, −1.57]) and systolic blood pressure placebo (MD = −9.25, 95% CI [−12.87, −5.62]). Results showed no heterogeneity.

Conclusion:

This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that empagliflozin effectively lowers HbA1C levels and body weight in diabetic patients. However, it does not significantly influence other factors such as estimated glomerular filtration rate, haematocrit, left ventricular ejection fraction per cent, fasting blood sugar, NT-proBNP levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, blood pressure, body mass index or rates of CV events, heart failure, CV death and liver injury. Overall, empagliflozin appears to have a favourable safety profile, showing no increased risk of adverse CV or liver-related events compared to a placebo.
Does excessive Caffeine Intake Increase the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 1176579 Subjects
Authors: Al-Fadhel Jinan Ali , Al-Sharidi Eman Mohammed , Alashjaee Ahmed Azam , Almutairi Shatha Shayan , Alsahli Renad Fahad , Alsuwaylih Mohammed Abdulmajeed , Alanazi Yousef Abdulhadi , Alawad Fatema Hani , Alshamoosi Mohammed Salman , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef , Mohaini Mohammad Al
Published: January 2025

Background:

A conflict exists among studies regarding the association between caffeine and atrial fibrillation (AF). Due to the high variability among the published studies, we conducted this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the risk and compare the incidence of AF between excessive and minimal caffeine intake.

Methods:

We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis by searching for all eligible articles on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from inception to April 2024. We used the following search strategy depending on two main keywords (Caffeine and atrial fibrillation): (‘Coffee’ OR ‘Caffeine’ OR ‘Tea’) AND (‘Atrial fibrillation’ OR ‘AF’ OR ‘Arrhythmia’).

Results:

There was no significant difference between extensive and minimal caffeine intake and the risk of AF measured by odds ratio (OR) as the OR was 1.07, (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63, 1.81, P = 0.79 and I
2 = 97%, P < 0.00001. Regarding the hazard ratio (HR) of AF comparing the excessive and minimal caffeine intake, the pooled HR was 0.98, (95% CI: 0.9, 1.07, P = 0.56 and I
2 = 72%, P < 0.00001.

Conclusion:

The consumption of high doses of caffeine was shown to have no association with increased risk of AF when compared to minimal caffeine consumption across different included studies. However, the evidence is not very strong due to the retrospective design and the variety in doses of caffeine. Thus, further prospective studies are recommended with adjustments to caffeine doses to produce better evidence.
Safety and Efficacy of Sarilumab in Methotrexate-unresponsive Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Tayara Abdelwareth Ayman , Alhejaili Khaled Adel , Almutawa Khalid Mohammed , Karawi Hussain Tariq , Alabdulla Hussain , Al Muaiweed Rafyel Saleh , Masri Bachr Ibrahim , Alghamdi Reema Saleh , Alawad Fatema Hani , AlAidarous Hasan Ali Abdullah
Published: January 2025

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients now have significantly better clinical outcomes thanks to biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs that target tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 receptor; T cell costimulatory blockade therapies; B cell depletion therapies and the newer generation of kinase inhibitors. The aim of the current systematic review and meta-analysis is to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the use of different sarilumab doses in methotrexate (MTX)-unresponsive RA patients or who have inadequate response.

Methods:

By adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis by searching for all eligible articles on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from inception till March 2024. We used the following search strategy depending on two main keywords: ‘Sarilumab’ AND ‘Rheumatoid arthritis’ OR ‘RA’.

Results:

A statistically significant difference was obtained between those taking sarilumab and those taking placebo regarding the change from baseline of C reactive protein with mean difference (MD) of −17.29 (95% CI: −21.75, −12.84, P < 0.00001) with a statistically significant heterogeneity. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference between both groups regarding health assessment questionnaire disability index and pain scores as the sarilumab caused more reduction compared to placebo with MD of − 0.28 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.32, −0.24, P < 0.00001) and −11.2 (95% CI: −12.68, −9.72, P < 0.00001) with significant heterogeneity, respectively. Sarilumab caused more reduction in the number of swollen and tender joints compared to placebo with MD of −3.09 (95% CI: −3.52, −2.66, P < 0.00001) and − 5.41 (95% CI: −6.86, −3.97, P < 0.00001), with significant heterogeneity, respectively.

Conclusion:

The current study showed that using different doses of sarilumab is associated with improved outcomes in RA patients who are unresponsive or have inadequate response to MTX in addition to the presence of comparable serious adverse events (AEs) between sarilumab and placebo. However, sarilumab was associated with more AEs that did not require drug discontinuation.
Effects of Dabigatran versus Traditional Warfarin on Major Bleeding Events in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Khamag Yara Abdullah , Alghanim Danya Fayiz Ahmed , Alsawyan Watin Ahmed , Alasiri Naif Ahmed Ali , Alabdali Samer Fahad , Albuhayri Asma Hamed , Almutairi Nada Abdullah , Alhassoun Reefal Ali , Alsuwaylih Mohammed Abdulmajeed , Alawad Fatema Hani , Alanazi Ali Farhan
Published: January 2025

Background:

This systematic review and meta-analysis investigate the effects of dabigatran compared to traditional warfarin on major bleeding events in patients with atrial fibrillation. By synthesising data from relevant studies, this analysis aims to provide insights into the comparative safety profiles of these anticoagulant medications in managing atrial fibrillation.

Materials and Methods:

The search strategy focused on electronic databases using keywords related to dabigatran, warfarin and atrial fibrillation, with a language restriction to English. Quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to evaluate bias in the selected studies. The study selection criteria included retrospective trials comparing bleeding complications between dabigatran and warfarin in atrial fibrillation patients. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two investigators. Statistical analyses were performed using R software to assess heterogeneity and risk ratios, employing both random-effects and common-effect models for comprehensive insights.

Results:

The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between dabigatran and major bleeding events compared to warfarin, yet with notable heterogeneity across studies. While no significant publication bias was evident, caution was warranted due to uncertainty in certain estimates. The variability in study quality underscored the need for meticulous methodological appraisal.

Conclusions:

These findings enhance our understanding of anticoagulant safety profiles, guiding clinical practice and future research in the management of atrial fibrillation.