bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of physio-biochemical changes in pre-partum stage of transition Deoni cows
Authors: Sanap M.J. , Gaikwad N.Z. , Salunke V.M. , Vaidya M.M.
Published: July 2023

The present study was undertaken to determine the physiological status in pre-partumstage of transition Deoni cows. Animals were screened and selected on the basis of artificial insemination and pregnancy records maintained at the Instructional Livestock Farm Complex (ILFC) and Sub centre, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir (M.S.). Total eighteen transition (3 weeks-prepartum) Deoni cows, of between eight to twelve years of age, were selected for the study and maintained on similar management practices. Biochemical variables including calcium, phosphorus, Ca:P ratio, magnesium, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ration, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin were estimated in pre-partum transition Deoni cows and were compared with healthy non-pregnant control. The haematological indices like white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, red blood cells (RBC), were determined and compared with healthy non pregnant control. Result of study revealed that mineral status such as serum calcium and phosphorus was significantly (P<0.01) reduced in prepartum transition animals when compared to the healthy non pregnant (control) group. Energy status in terms of blood glucose level was significantly (P<0.01) reduced in prepartum transition animal as compared to control. It was concluded that there may be a metabolic shift in the level of haematobiochemical parameters in the transient period of Deoni cows. Therefore, henceforth in the ration of transition (pre-partum) Deoni cows, inclusion of soluble carbohydrates and mineral mixture would be beneficial in preventing the development of negative energy balance (NEB).
Process standardisation of fat replaced dietetic chhanakulfi using response surface methodology
Authors: Aswathy M.R. , Rajakumar S.N. , singh Dinker , Divya M.P. , Aysha C.H.
Published: July 2023

Kulfi is an indigenous dairy product popular in northern part of India, often called the Indian ice-cream. It is a product that is relished by consumers of all ages and is gaining popularity in the current scenario. Kulfi’s high calorific value and sugar content make it unsuitable for diabetics and diet-conscious people. The present study was to optimize the preparation of fat replaced dietetic chhanakulfi by response surface methodology (RSM). It was prepared by using skim milk, low fat chhana, inulin (as fat mimetic), sucralose (as low-calorie sweetener) and lutein ester (as colourant and antioxidant). Based on preliminary trials the range of addition of inulin, low fat chhana, sucralose and lutein ester were selected as 3.3-8 per cent, 15-22.5 per cent, 200-300 ppm and 1.3-2.0 mg per 100gof the mix respectively. Computation of the optimised composition was done with these four variables and four responses consisting of sensory characteristics. The responses studied were flavour, body and texture, colour and appearance, overall acceptability using Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) of RSM. The composition with highest desirability of 89 per centwas obtained for 6.34 per cent of inulin, 22.5 per cent, of low fat chhana, 243ppm of sucralose and 1.65mg lutein ester per 100g of the mix. The standardised product was analysed for its proximate composition which were, 1.22±0.25% fat, 9.26±0.66% protein and an energy value of 152±0.32kcal/g.Kulfi thus prepared had low calorie and was protein rich.
Evaluation of haematological and serum biochemical profile of geriatric dogs undergoing a multimodal anaesthesia protocol
Authors: Babu Aiswarya C. , Ramankutty Soumya , Nair Sudheesh S. , Panicker Varuna P. , Martin K.D. John
Published: July 2023

The study was conducted on six geriatric dogs belonging to different breeds presented for various surgical procedures at the Veterinary hospitals of Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, at Mannuthy and Kokkalai. Before undergoing anaesthesia, all dogs underwent complete clinical examination and pre-anaesthetic evaluation. All the animals were administered a multimodal anaesthetic protocol with inj. dexmedetomidine and inj. buprenorphine as preanaesthetics. A combination of injection diazepam and propofol was given for induction which was followed by inj. ketamine and inj. lignocaine for analgesia. Maintenance of anaesthesia was carried out by sevoflurane along with ketamine-lignocaine CRI for providing analgesia. Studies on haematology and serum biochemistry were carried out prior to premedication, during maintenance and following anaesthesia recovery. Organ functions were well preserved with the current multimodal anaesthetic technique in geriatric dogs.
Observations on tiletamine-zolazepambutorphanol- dexmedetomidine anaesthesia in six dogs undergoing various surgeries
Authors: Chandramohan Sruthi , Sooryadas S. , Dinesh P. T. , Jineshkumar N. S. , Remya V. , Anoop S. , David P. Vinu
Published: July 2023

Six client-owned dogs which underwent various surgical procedures under multimodal general anaesthesia with meloxicam premedication (0.2mg/kg IM), and induction thirty minutes later with a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam (2 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (5 mcg/kg) and administered intramuscularly, were studied. The signs of sedation and induction of anaesthesia, and their respective times of onset were observed and recorded. All animals received 100% oxygen through an endotracheal tube connected to a breathing circuit of anaesthesia machine. The quality of induction, quality of surgical anaesthesia and response to intraoperative surgical stimuli were noted and recorded. Prolongation of general anaesthesia, when anaesthesia becomes lighter, was done using isoflurane in oxygen with or without propofol. All observations were recorded, and the findings are reported here.
Dietary inclusion of flaxseed oil, fish oil and their combinations on production performance and egg quality traits in White Leghorn hens
Authors: Archana S. , Sankaralingam S. , Anitha P. , Joseph Beena C. , Vasudevan V. N.
Published: July 2023

A total of 120, 28-week-old White Leghorn hens were randomly selected to study the effect of dietary inclusion of flaxseed oil (FSO) , fish oil (FO) and their combinations on production performance and egg quality traits in White Leghorn hens and the birds were divided into six treatments that had four replicates of five birds each. The experimental groups were fed with control diet and diet containing 5.0 per cent FSO, 5.0 per cent FO, 2.5 per cent FSO + 2.5 per cent FO, 3.5 per cent FSO + 1.5 per cent FO and 1.5 per cent FSO +3.5 per cent FO. The experiment was conducted from 29 to 40 weeks of age comprising three, 28-day periods. The obtained data on statistical analysis, did not reveal any significant difference in body weight, egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg weight and egg quality traits of White Leghorn hens among all the treatment groups at all the periods of age.
Effect of supplementation of differentially treated banana inflorescence on intestinal morphology in broiler birds
Authors: Ambili K. , Ananth Deepa , Chacko Biju , Murugan S. Senthil , Patki H. S. , Surjith K. P. , Muneer Abdul , Dinsha T. K.
Published: July 2023

A study was conducted on 96 Vencobb 430, day-old broiler chicks to evaluate the effect of steam treatment on banana inflorescence supplementation as prebiotic on intestinal morphology. The birds were randomly assigned into three treatment groups having four replicates with eight birds per replicate and assigned control diet, formulated in accordance with BIS recommendation to control (T1) group and with supplementation of 0.5% dried banana inflorescence (T2 group) or 0.5% steam treated banana inflorescence (T3 group). After 42 days of feeding trial, the live weight was significantly higher in T3 and T2 than control. Two birds from each replicate were sacrificed to study the intestinal morphometry and pH. The weight of intestine varied significantly (p<0.01) between the treatments and was higher in T3 while the per cent of intestinal weight did not differ significantly. Intestinal morphometry revealed that the villus height was significantly (p<0.01) higher in duodenum, jejunum, and caecum in T3 and ileum in T2. The crypt depth was significantly (p<0.01) higher in jejunum, ileum and caeca in T3 and T2 in duodenum. Caecal crypt depth showed significantly (p< 0.01) low value in T2. Ileal crypt depth ratio was significantly (p<0.01) higher in T2 while the caecum crypt depth was significantly(p<0.01) high in T3. It is concluded that banana inflorescence influenced the gut morphometry in broilers.
Evaluation of electrocardiographic and serum biochemical changes in arrhythmias associated with renal diseases of dogs
Authors: Krishna U. S. Remya , George Arun , Pillai Usha Narayana , Rajan Sindhu K. , Nair Suresh N.
Published: July 2023

The present study was conducted to investigate electrocardiographical (ECG) and haemato-biochemical changes in arrhythmia associated with renal diseases in dogs. The dogs with renal affections confirmed through appropriate diagnostic methods were selected and screened for arrhythmia. The ECG and haemato-biochemical parameters of twenty dogs with arrhythmia were compared with that of the control group and ECG parameters were statistically correlated with the haemato-biochemical parameters for correlation studies. It was found that the occurrence of arrhythmia was 51.2 per cent in renal diseases. Arrhythmia was more predominant in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) followed by acute kidney injury (AKI). Sinus arrhythmia followed by first-degree AV block and wandering pacemaker were the common types of arrhythmias observed. A significant increase in R-R interval and a decrease in heart rate was noticed in comparison. The haemato-biochemical analysis revealed anaemia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and magnesium level. A significant positive correlation was noticed between haemoglobin, volume of packed red cells (VPRC) and red blood cell count (RBC) with T amplitude and, creatinine and BUN levels with corrected Q-T interval. A significant negative correlation was noticed between VPRC, RBC and haemoglobin with the corrected QT interval. The present study revealed ECG and haemato-biochemical parameters had a significant role in renal diseases in dogs which might help in the early diagnosis and proper management of arrhythmia associated with renal diseases.
Expression study of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in post-partum crossbred dairy cows with subclinical endometritis
Authors: Murali Sowmya , Chacko Leeba , Sebastian Renjith , Promod K. , Azeez C. P. Abdul
Published: July 2023

Subclinical endometritis (SCE) is one of the causes of poor reproductive performance in dairy cows. The objective of the study was to evaluate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [PICs; Interleukin -1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin -6 (IL-6), and Tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α)] and Acute phase proteins [APPs; Serum Amyloid- A (SAA) and Haptoglobin (HP)] in blood and uterine flushings of postpartum dairy cows with subclinical endometritis (SCE). Animals (n=49) were screened for SCE at 60 days postpartum (dpp) using the endometrial cytobrush cytology, and those with PMN cell percentage ≥ 18% were identified as SCE cows. The blood samples and uterine flushings from SCE (n=15) and the control group (n=15) were assessed for mRNA expressions of PICs and APPs using the Real-Time PCR method (RT-PCR). The PICs and APPs except TNF-α were non-significant (p>0.05) in blood samples whereas a significant difference (p<0.05) was found in uterine flushings. The PICs and APPs were significantly up-regulated in the uterine endometrium indicating that collection of uterine flushings at 60 dpp could be used as a diagnostic method for evaluating gene expressions of inflammatory mediators in dairy cows with SCE.
Aetiopathology of canine hepatitis in Kerala
Authors: Joseph Alphiya , Vinodkumar K. , Tresamol P. V. , Vijayakumar K. , Sajitha I. S
Published: July 2023

Hepatitis in dogs could be due to infectious, toxic or metabolic causes. Among infectious causes, leptospira, canine adenovirus (CAV 1) and babesia are responsible at varying levels, depending on the local geo-climatic conditions. This study, conducted on 40 dogs with clinical signs of hepatitis in Thrissur, Kerala, revealed occurrence of 2.5 per cent (1/40) for CAV 1, 20 per cent (8/40) for leptospirosis and 22.5 per cent (9/40) for babesiosis. The aetiologies were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the E3 gene for CAV 1, microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for leptospirosis and peripheral blood smear examination for babesiosis. Haematological profile of CAV 1 infected animals revealed thrombocytopaenia, lymphopaenia, monocytopaenia and granulocytosis. Serum biochemical analysis divulged elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin and creatinine, with decreased total protein and albumin. Significant decrease in volume of packed red cells (VPRC), haemoglobin (Hb) and total erythrocyte count (TEC), with significant increase in total leukocyte count (TLC) were evident in dogs positive for leptospirosis. Serum biochemical analysis revealed significant increase in ALP, AST and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and significant decrease in total protein. Severe anaemia and thrombocytopenia with mild leucocytosis and significant increase in ALP and total bilirubin, with hypoproteinemia were noticed in animals with babesiosis.
Adult immersion test for assessment of amitraz resistance in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks
Authors: Reena Shaik Nikhat , Lakshmanan Bindu , Nair N. Suresh , Syamala K. , Radhika R. , Krishnanunni P. K. , Chandana S. Devi
Published: July 2023

Ticks are obligate blood sucking ectoparasites recognised globally as vectors of various pathogens, next to mosquitoes. The present study is conducted on brown dog ticks collected from naturally infested dogs in and around Thrissur district. Adult immersion test was performed and the parameters such as engorged tick weight, egg mass weight as well as tick mortality were recorded to derive the reproductive indices, percentage inhibition of oviposition and percentage mortalities. Non-linear regression analysis of the dose response data yielded the LC50 values at 95% confidence intervals and, the slopes and regression coefficients of the different parameters were also derived. The Resistance factors (RF) were calculated to categorise resistance levels into I, II, III and IV. Resistance to amitraz was detected at level II in tick isolates collected from Choolissery and Mundur, at level III and level IV in isolates collected from Mannuthy and Paravattani, respectively. Two isolates collected from Mannuthy were found to be susceptible. One way ANOVA of resistance levels revealed that the resistance levels III and IV were significantly different from that of susceptible and resistance level II. This is the first report on detection of amitraz resistance levels in dog ticks from south India calling for proper implementation of tick control strategies to prevent spread of amitraz resistance.
Incidence of canine hip dysplasia - a prospective study of one year
Authors: Subramaniyan Seesma , Dinesh P. T. , Sooryadas S. , Kumar N.S. Jinesh , Remya V. , Palekodan Hamza
Published: July 2023

A study was conducted to assess the prevalence of canine hip dysplasia (CHD) among dog population during a period of one year from January 2021 to December 2021. Canine hip dysplasia was confirmed by clinical orthopedic and radiographic examinations. Of the 231 dogs presented with lameness suspected to be originating from hip joint, 140 animals had dysplastic hips. The incidence was more in large breeds of dogs in an age group of 6 months to 12 months. Thirty five percent of the animals showed unilateral affection while in the remaining 65 percent it was bilateral. Females were more affected with this condition as per the findings of this study. Other than hip dysplasia, traumatic hip dislocation and osteoarthritis contributed to lameness originating from hip joints.
Assessment of udder skin surface temperature changes in relation to mastitis in crossbred dairy cows in different farms in Kerala
Authors: Ramesh S. , Biju S. , Mathew Joseph , Mathew K. Deepak , Devi S. S. , Joy Greeshma
Published: July 2023

The aim of the present study was to assess the infrared thermographic profile in relation to mastitis in lactating dairy cows. In this study, 20 lactating crossbred dairy cows each were monitored for a period of 21 days in four dairy farms. The udder skin surface temperature (USST) was recorded using infrared thermography (IRT) during the study period at diurnal time intervals. Milk samples were collected at the time of afternoon milking from each quarter and tested for California Mastitis Test (CMT). It was observed that higher USST was noticed in udders with clinical mastitis followed by non-mastitis and subclinical mastitis, and the skin surface temperature of non-mastitis and clinical mastitis udders were significantly higher than subclinical mastitis affected udders. The results of this study indicate the limitations in the use of IRT of udders for early detection of mastitis across all regions.
Relationship of Occlusal Planes with Sella-Nasion and Frankfort Horizontal Planes in Different Skeletal Malocclusion. A Cephalometric Study
Authors: Pervez Hana , Sattar Anam , Shabbir Sadia , Iqbal Marium , Malik Faiza , Gul Filza
Published: July 2023

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the relationship of anterior and posterior occlusal planes (AOP & POP) with Sella-Nasion (SN) and Frankfort Horizontal (FH) planes in different skeletal malocclusion. Study Design and Setting: It was a cross-sectional study carried on 202 (40 males and 190 females) pretreatment lateral cephalogram of orthodontic patients of Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi from June to September 2021. Methodology: The sample was divided into different skeletal pattern using ANB angle (Class I ANB 0-4°, Class II ANB>4° and ANB Class III <0°). The AOP and POP measured with respect to SN and FH planes in each class. Two way ANOVA was used to determine the relationship of occlusal planes among skeletal malocclusions. Results: 202 cephalogram, 40 males and 190 females were included in this study, out of which 102 (28 males and 102 females) were of class I, 88 (12 males and 76 females) were class II and 12 females were class III. Class II showed steeper SN-AOP and FH-POP than both Class I and Class III. There was statistically significant relationship between SN and AOP among all the three skeletal malocclusions (p<0.005) and FH-AOP in class I and II (p>0.025).While SN-POP and FH-POP were not statistically significant in all the three classes. Conclusions: Class II malocculsion showed steeper SN-AOP and FH-POP than Class I and Class III. POP to SN and FH were flatter in Class III.
Trends of Patients Admitted to Pediatric Surgery Department Due to Unintentional Trauma at A Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi
Authors: Qayyum Sadia Abdul , Yousuf Hina , Ali Syed Mukkaram , Faisal Lubna , Rehman Fatima
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency and factors associated with unintentional trauma and its management in children under 14 years of age. Study Design and Setting: This study is retrospective, descriptive and was conducted at the Pediatric Surgery Department and Emergency Room at Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi. Methodology: Total duration of the study was from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2020 and all the unintentional trauma cases in children below 14 years of age were included. Details of history, examination, and any procedure done were recorded through a predesigned proforma in regard to their age, gender, day of presentation and, factors related to trauma like the anatomical site, place, mode and type of injury along with their treatment outcomes. Descriptive statistics were run using SPSS version 26. Results: Out of 103 children, (66%) were males in the age group of 2-4 years. The surge of injuries was on weekdays (71.8%). Domestic injuries were 68.9% which is significantly higher. The most affected region was the head/ neck (28.2%) with lacerations (40.0%) and bruises (90.0%). Amongst the management outcomes, the invasive procedures were frequent (48.5 %) for laceration (48.0%). Conclusion: Amongst the (6.4%) of unintentional trauma cases, the majority of these injuries were blunt trauma in children under four years of age on the head/ neck region. We conclude that the majority of these pediatric injuries were moderate in nature and required invasive treatment strategies but these injuries are preventable.
Efficacy of Hematoma Block VS Conscious Sedation in Terms of Pain Relief for Manipulation and Reduction of Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Munshi Naseem , Arain Muhammad Khalid , Siddiqui Athar Muniruddin , Naseem Muhammad , Abid Khadijah
Published: July 2023

Objective: To compare the efficacy of hematoma block versus conscious sedation for closed reduction of distal radius fractures. Study Design and Setting: This was a Randomized Control Trial was conducted at Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital between 1st July 2018 and 31st July 2020. Methodology: A total of 158 patients underwent closed reduction of distal radius fractures in emergency department; these patients were divided in two groups of 79 each. Hematoma block was used as an analgesic in group A whereas conscious sedation was used on the patients in group B. Both groups were then compared for effectiveness in terms of pain reduction and SPSS software version 25 was used for data analysis. Results: Median age in group A was 44 years (IQR=37-48.5 years) and 40 years (IQR=30-47.50 years) in group B. The median pain score in group A [3 (IQR=2-5)] was significantly lesser than group B [5 (IQR=3-6)] with p=0.001. In group A effectiveness was achieved in patients was 69.6% and in group B effectiveness was achieved in patients was 35.44%. Statistically there was significant difference observed in proportion of efficacy between groups with p=0.001. Conclusion: This study show that hematoma block is more effective than conscious sedation in closed manual reduction of distal radius fractures in terms of pain relief.
Beyond the Digestive System: Understanding Gut-Brain-Microbiome Axis in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Khosa Rashid Ali , Zaidi Syed Ijaz Hussain , Jaffri Muhammad Sajid Abbas , Mehmood Shahid , Bakhsh Allah
Published: July 2023

IBS affects a significant number of people worldwide, particularly those under the age of 50, with women being twice as likely to be affected than men. Although the underlying pathophysiology of IBS is not yet fully comprehended, current research indicates that it could be related to the Gut-Brain Axis (GBA). This communication is vital to the intricate balance of the gastrointestinal system. Through this axis intestinal motility, secretion, and sensation are harmoniously regulated, resulting in efficient digestion and optimal nutrient absorption. Disturbance in the Gut-Brain Axis is linked to a broad spectrum of psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders, including IBS. Managing IBS effectively requires a multidisciplinary approach, including dietary modifications, stress management techniques, medications, and psychological therapies. Proper management of IBS can lead to a healthy and fulfilling life for individuals affected by the disorder. Further studies are required to clarify the causes and development of most effective treatments for IBS
An Investigation into Implications of Tuberculosis Control Efforts in Pakistan: A Comparative Approach
Authors: Qureshi Farhan Muhammad , Faiz Samira , Khalid Ayesha
Published: July 2023

Objective: To investigate the difference of Tuberculosis (TB) related information in diagnosed TB patients and healthy individuals in relation to the implications of National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) control efforts. Study Design and Setting: This comparative case-control study was conducted from May to December 2022 in public sector tertiary care setups of Karachi. Methodology: In this case control study, 100 hospitalized diagnosed patients of TB were compared with 155 healthy individuals from May to December 2022. We analyzed sociodemographic characteristics of both groups related to the information for transmission and prevention of TB, as a basic element for the disease control. Result: TB patients were more likely to be uneducated, have low household income and positive family history of TB as compared to non-TB (OR 0.52, 0.30, 0.40). 18% of TB patients believed that TB infected person cannot be a source of spread to cause TB disease (OR=4.7; P=0.006). There was a statistically significant association among both the groups deemed to malnutrition and multiple households as the risk factors of tuberculosis (P=0.002 and <0.001 respectively Conclusion: TB related information with respect to its cause, preventive and treatment was insufficient in both study groups leading to delay in TB treatment and increase mortality from the disease. Health education interventional strategies, focused on primitive and advanced TB related information are needed in general population with special attention on low socioeconomic groups of community, and the population living in isolated and remote areas.
LINKING PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS IN YOUNG STUDENTS’ REASONING WITH CHANCE
Authors: ENGLISH LYN D.
Published: July 2023

This article reports on a study in which third-grade students (8–9 years) were given a degree of agency in conducting chance experiments and representing the outcomes. Students chose their own samples of 12 coloured counters, ensuring all colours were represented. They predicted the outcomes of item selection, tested their predictions, explained the outcomes, quantified their chances of colour selections, and created two representations displaying the probabilities. Children displayed awareness of randomness and variation, together with proportional reasoning, as evident in their identification of one or more colours as having a greater chance of being selected, or equal chances when proportions of colours were equal. Evidence of children’s metarepresentational competence appeared in their creation of two representations to display their probabilistic outcomes, with bar and circle graphs, as well as stacked bars, created. The inclusion of their own forms of inscription revealed a range of probability and statistics understandings. In selecting and justifying their preferred representations for conveying their outcomes, students favoured both bar and circle graphs, with a focus on how accurately, effectively, and efficiently their representation displayed the data, with the importance of the inscriptions highlighted.
HYPOTHETICAL LEARNING TRAJECTORY ON INFORMAL HYPOTHESIS TESTING IN A PROBABILITY CONTEXT
Authors: NILSSON PER
Published: July 2023

A design experiment where students in Grade 5 (11–12 years old) play the Color Run game constitutes the context for investigating how students can be introduced to informal hypothesis testing. The result outlines a three-step hypothetical learning trajectory on informal hypothesis testing. In the first step, students came to favor sample space reasoning over idiosyncratic reasoning when the sample space was changed between color runs. In the second and third steps, students used degrees of variation in the distribution of the mode across samples to infer whether an unknown sample space was uniform. Students’ reasoning disclosed the logic: the larger the variation, the greater the reason for rejecting a uniform sample space.
YOUNG CHILDREN’S PROBABILISTIC AND STATISTICAL REASONING IN THE CONTEXT OF INFORMAL STATISTICAL INFERENCE
Authors: KURT GAMZE
Published: July 2023

This paper reports the statistical and probabilistic reasoning of young children in terms of randomness, variability, and data representations in the context of informal inferential reasoning (IIR). Using the IIR approach, a task was designed and conducted one-on-one with 28 children aged 5 to 6 years old, in a case study setting. The researcher used a voice recorder during interviews, took photos, and recorded field notes. The data were analyzed according to the principles of informal inferential reasoning, which are generalizing beyond the data, using data as evidence for generalizing, and using probabilistic language whilst being aware of uncertainty. The findings indicate that young children are capable of making informal inferences from a sample space, describing event probability, and constructing bar graph and pie chart data representations.
DEVELOPMENT OF A STATISTICAL RESEARCH PROJECT IN CHILDHOOD: INTERFACES WITH LIFE SCIENCES
Authors: LOPES CELI ESPASANDIN , AUGUSTO ADRIANA , TOLEDO SEZILIA
Published: July 2023

The objective of this article is to discuss the development of statistical and probabilistic reasoning in childhood as a result of an interdisciplinary project, involving the fields of mathematics, statistics, and life sciences. This is a case study with three 10-year-old students from a Brazilian school. The children’s oral and written narratives are used as a methodological path. It is an investigation process that examines human actions and considers social practices, subjective experience, identity, beliefs, emotions, values, context, and complexity. The results show that an interdisciplinary study involving life sciences, mathematics and statistics promoted the development of statistical and probabilistic reasoning, appropriate to the age group, enabling the children to positively rescale their eating habits.
The Effect of Acute Caffeine Intake on Resistance Training Volume, Prooxidant-Antioxidant Balance and Muscle Damage Markers Following a Session of Full-Body Resistance Exercise in Resistance-Trained Men Habituated to Caffeine
Authors: Filip-Stachnik Aleksandra , Krzysztofik Michal , Del Coso Juan , Pałka Tomasz , Sadowska-Krępa Ewa
Published: July 2023

No previous study has analyzed the impact of caffeine intake on prooxidant-antioxidant balance and muscle damage following resistance exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 3 mg/kg of caffeine on the number of repetitions and the prooxidant-antioxidant balance and muscle damage after a session of full-body resistance exercise. Ten resistance-trained men habituated to caffeine participated in a randomized, crossover and double-blind experiment. Each participant performed two identical resistance training sessions after the intake of 3 mg/kg of caffeine or a placebo. Blood was collected before and 60 min after substance intake, just after exercise, 60 minutes after exercise, and 24 hours after testing to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, uric acid) levels of oxidative stress markers (plasma malondialdehyde) and muscle damage markers (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase). There were no significant differences between placebo and caffeine conditions in the total number of repetitions (180 ± 15 vs 185 ± 14 repetitions, respectively; p = 0.276; Effect size [ES] = 0.34), the total time under tension (757 ± 71 vs 766 ± 56 s, respectively; p = 0.709; ES = 0.14) or the rating of perceived exertion (13.8 ± 2.7 vs 14.7 ± 2.7 a.u., respectively; p = 0.212; ES = 0.32). Reduced glutathione concentration obtained 1 hour after exercise was higher with caffeine than with placebo (p = 0.047), without significant difference between conditions for any other prooxidant-oxidant or muscle damage marker at any time point (p > 0.050 for all). The oral intake of 3 mg/kg of caffeine by resistance-trained men habituated to caffeine did not enhance the number of repetitions during a medium load full-body resistance training session to failure and had a minimal impact on the prooxidant-antioxidant balance and muscle damage. The study was registered prospectively at ClinicalTrials.gov with the following ID: NCT05230303.
Incorporating Climate Change in Spatiotemporal Species Distribution Models for cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Authors: Diaz Herrera Diana M.
Published: July 2023

During the last couple of decades, cattle ticks have significantly deteriorated the economy of southern cattle industry primarily in South American countries. In this work, we argue that a key variable of the sizable increase in the population of cattle ticks is due to climate change. We analyzed data from South American regions provided by AGROSAVIA (formerly CORPOICA) and analyzed the population growth of cattle ticks with a traditional species distribution model and compared it with a proposed model that incorporates climate change. Here, we present an analysis of the distribution of the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in the Cundiboyacense Altiplano using static and dynamic modeling techniques that incorporate time, space, and climate conditions. We conclude that incorporating global temperature variations increases the accuracy of the spatiotemporal model. Our results support prior studies on cattle tick populations in Europe and Central America.
O USO DA RADIOGRAFIA PANORÂMICA NA TRIAGEM E DETECÇÃO PRECOCE DE OSTEOPOROSE: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Sousa Thayla Marla do Carmo , Isaias Pedro Henrique Chaves , Gomes Milena Bezerra , Rodrigues Maria Imaculada de Queiroz , Mário Rogério Lima Mário Rogério Lima
Published: July 2023

A osteoporose é uma doença caracterizada pela baixa densidade do tecido ósseo, com deterioração da sua microarquitetura, por vezes associada a dores e fraturas. A avaliação do osso mandibular por meio de radiografias panorâmicas vem-se mostrando como ferramenta na detecção de quadros de osteopenia. Assim, objetivou-se realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso da radiografia panorâmica na triagem e detecção de osteoporose na mandíbula. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Pubmed e Medline com os descritores “Radiography, Panoramic” e “Osteoporosis”. Encontraram-se 55 estudos publicados entre 2018 a 2023 e, após a exclusão de revisões de literatura e artigos que fugiram do tema, 7 foram selecionados. Foram analisados, nas radiografias panorâmicas, a largura da cortical mandibular, o padrão ósseo trabecular, altura da mandíbula, bem como a presença de irregularidades na sua borda. O Diagnóstico Auxiliado por Computador foi a ferramenta mais utilizada na análise quantitativa automatizada das imagens radiográficas, sendo bastante preciso na identificação de alterações ósseas mandibulares. Reabsorção do processo alveolar, perda dentária, doença periodontal ou fraturas são algumas alterações características da osteoporose em  cavidade oral. Sendo assim, as radiografias panorâmicas podem ser usadas como ferramenta auxiliar na triagem e detecção de osteoporose, onde os cirurgiões-dentistas devem ser capazes de analisá-las e encaminhar os pacientes para avaliação médica.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Challenges in Low Income Families During Covid-19 in Selected Slum Areas of Mehsana District
Authors: Vaghela Jyoti , D. Patidar Dayalal
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The current outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19; previously 2019-nCoV) has reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by newly discovered coronavirus. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are identiﬁed as fever, cough, sneezing, sore throat and fatigue, other diarrhea and acute respiratory distress. The COVID-19 transmission occurs from person-to-person. The WHO declared the outbreak a pandemic on 11 March 2020. These were decision of governments to drastically restrict peoples movements by lockdown strategy. To closing businesses, schools, universities, public events and others (lock down strategy) in order to enable the health services to cope with the large number of severe cases. So the Vulnerable groups (workers in the informal sector, small businesses, migrant workers, refugees, homeless, and others) have the highest burden of the pandemic, economical and social impact. Research Approach: Quantitative approach. Research Design: Exploratory descriptive research design. Participants: 200 low income families in slum areas were selected by using non probability convenience sampling technique. TOOLS: Check list. RESULT: Challenges in low income families during COVID-19, 6 (3%) families had mild challenges, 27 (13.5%) had moderate challenges and 167 (83.5%) had severe challenges. Mean of challenges scores 17.35, mean percentage was 8.655% and standard deviation was 3.965. Chi-square test used to associate the level of challenges with their selected demographic variables at 0.05 level of significant. CONCLUSION: Statistical evidence proved that by the lockdown here the challenges are more in low income families during COVID-19 in slum areas.
Diabetic retinopathy stage detection using convolutional fine-tuned transfer Learning model
Authors: Medhi Jahnabi , Karmakar Mithun , Barman Anup Kumar , Mondal Subhash , Nag Amitava
Published: July 2023

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent eye condition that occurs as a frequent complication among individuals with diabetes, particularly those who have been living with the disease for an extended period of time. This study uses fundus images to diagnose DR at five stages from early to late with No DR, Mild, Moderate, Severe, and Proliferative DR, commonly known as Stage 0 to Stage 4, respectively. This will aid in the timely treatment of diabetic patients preventing them from developing DR as early as possible. We used two most popular open-source datasets, the DR Detection database, namely APTOS 2019 and EyePACS, and combined them to create a larger dataset to trade off the data-centric obstacle and shortfall for any Deep Learning-based prediction models. Data augmentation and preprocessing techniques are applied to the images before feeding them to the proposed model to get a more accurate and efficient one. In the modern age oriented to Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is necessary to thoroughly analyze the identification of DR based on the existing Deep Learning (DL) models. After learning about the limitations of existing models, we have fine-tuned the ResNet50, DenseNet201 and InceptionV3 to enhance the model performance of the detection and categorization of DR. We have since proposed three Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) models with better outcome based on accuracy than the existing state-of-the-art (SOTA) models. The fine-tuned DenseNet201 model, among the other two, performed significantly better with a validation accuracy of 90.04% and a negligible amount of loss, irrespective of each class, under the best configurable test conditions.
Raw fruit juice processing wastewater treatment using electrochemical coagulation followed by synthesis of CuO Nano sorbents using leaf extract
Authors: Srikantha Hanumanthappa , Eshanna Manu Siddapura , Gaonkar Gopalakrishna Vishweshwar
Published: July 2023

Stainless steel and aluminium electrode was utilized inside batch electro chemicals coagulations (BECCs) using current densities (CD) for the treatment of fruit juice processing wastewater (FJPW). During ECC, ~65-70% color removal and COD removal of ~55-60% was observed for CD 260 A/m2 at 75 min electrolysis time for both 4SS (four stainless steel) and 4Al (four aluminium) electrodes. In general, 4SS and 4Al electrodes had less influence on FJPW for all CDs. Therefore, to improve the quality of treatment of leftover color and COD by BECC treatment, the batch adsorption studies were conducted as secondary treatment by synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Carica papaya, Centella asiatica (CA), Ocimum sanctum and 1:1:1 mixture of leaves. An effect of several operating parameters like adsorbent dose, pH, and contact duration on leftover color and COD removal was studied for optimal conditions to treat FJPW. The results showed that ~70% color and ~65% Chemical Oxygen Demand elimination at an optimal condition for adsorbent dosages 0.60 g/L, at pH 8.0 to 8.5 and contact time 40 min for CA and 1:1:1 mixture of leaves. Altogether, BECC - nanosorption, a dual treatment, effectively treated FJPW wastewater with clean water reclamations of up to 90%.
A study on mobile telecommunication systems using OpenAirInterface platform
Authors: Chaudhari Shilpa Shashikant , Dinesh Bhavana
Published: July 2023

Significant progress has been made in deploying 5G mobile networks in the last few years, providing rapid connectivity and low-latency communications. This study thoroughly analyzes the deployment of 5G networks utilizing the Open Air Interface (OAI), a free and open-source wireless communication technology. The survey gives a general overview of OAI's various fields and applications. It then looks at numerous uses and industries where OAI-based networks for 5G have been effectively implemented. The paper includes in-depth discussions of OAI's technical features and information on how it supports creating software-defined radio (SDR) platforms for 5G networks. It emphasizes OAI's versatility and flexibility, allowing researchers and developers to test various network setups and protocols. The survey's results show how OAI is becoming increasingly crucial to designing and rolling out 5G networks in various sectors. Researchers and professionals can investigate fresh applications and services that make the most of 5G technology by utilizing the capabilities of OAI. The taxonomy is designed and developed by categorizing the existing proposed solutions using OAI to easily deploy mobile telecommunication networks cost-effectively and flexibly to support various features and functionalities. Each category in the developed taxonomy is discussed and compared regarding multiple parameters.
Equivalences of words in source and target languages ​​in translation (په ژباړه کې د مبدا او موخنې ژبې د کلمو تعادل)
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Kabul university, language and literature faculty, Pashto department, waheedi Asadullah , pamir Ehsanullah ,   Assistant Professor, Paktiauniversity, language and Literature faculty, Pashto department
Published: July 2023

In translation, the principle of equivalence is still significant, and this principle is divided into details, one of which is the equivalence of words. Linguistic elements and especially words cannot study simply and singly, but are related to the culture, values, experiences, and environment of a language, because of this, the discussion of the equivalence of words in translation becomes complicated. Words have different meanings, sometimes words convey the primary meaning, sometimes their meaning becomes implicated, and when it comes to other words change their meaning. Sometimes it happens that the same word has opposite meanings in two places, so it is important for the translator to understand these meanings and find an alternative for them in the target language. In the discussion of word equivalence, it is not necessary to find one word for the source language word in the target language, but the important thing is that the cooperation of one or more words has the same role and meaning value as in the source language, it must also have in the target language. Accordingly, sometimes a word of the source language becomes several words in the target language, sometimes it becomes a sentence or sentences and even long descriptions. Sometimes the translator needs to borrow the word of the source language and sometimes needs to explain this borrowed word. It also happens that a word of the source language is equivalent to a word of the target language, but it is necessary to add an adverb or another word. Accordingly, the translator should understand all these nuances and use them for a better translation. Keywords: Equivalence, natural equivalence, lateral equivalence, source language, target language, meaning of words
Retos al liberalismo clásico
Authors: Lara Juan
Published: July 2023

¿Qué prácticas ponen en riesgo al liberalismo clásico y a la filosofía de la libre empresa y del libre mercado? ¿Cómo surgen y se manifiestan estas prácticas en una economía? ¿Qué efectos perniciosos tienen estas prácticas? ¿Qué condiciones permiten o favorecen la existencia de estos retos al liberalismo clásico?
R-Bant Boşluk Rezonatörü ile Bazı Mikrodalga Malzemelerinin Karmaşık Dielektrik ve Manyetik Geçirgenliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: SALMAN Alp Oral , ALPER Furkan
Published: July 2023

Elektromanyetik yapıların analiz ve benzetimlerinde, ortamın ElektroManyetik (EM) parametreleri olan ε elektriksel geçirgenliği, µ manyetik geçirgenliği ve σ (elektrik) iletkenliği değerlerinin bilinmesi gerekir. Bu çalışmada, mikrodalga teknolojisinde kullanılmakta olan birkaç dielektrik ve manyetik malzemenin EM parametreleri bir R-bant (1.7 - 2.6 GHz) boşluk rezonatöründe, malzeme sarsımı (pertürbasyonu) yöntemiyle ve sadece benzetimleri yapılarak elde edilmiştir. Malzemelerin EM parametreleri laboratuvarımızda bu amaçla yazılmış olan bir MATLAB koduyla otomatik ve hızlı olarak hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplanan bu değerler, literatürdeki değerlerine yakın olarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, hem dielektrik hem manyetik malzemelerin geçirgenliklerinin gerçek kısımları, sanal kısımlarına göre literatür değerlerine daha yakın çıkmıştır. Böylece deneyler öncesinde, benzetimler yardımıyla, dielektrik ve manyetik malzemelerin geçirgenliklerinin hesaplanmasında, malzeme sarsım yönteminin ve ayrıca malzemelerin seçilen şekilleri ve rezonatördeki konumlarının doğruluklarının test edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Spor Turizmi Hizmet Kalitesi Algılarının Demografik Değişkenler Yönünden İncelenmesi: Futbol Kulüpleri Kapsamında Bir İnceleme
Authors: SEVER Ali Sercan , KARAKÜÇÜK Suat , SİLİK Cemal Ersin
Published: July 2023

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Ankara’da bulunan futbol kulüplerinin sezon ortası veya sezon sonu konakladıkları otellerden aldıkları hizmet kalitesini karşılaştırmaktır. Araştırma evrenini Ankara’daki futbol kulüplerinde futbol oynayan futbolcular oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem grubunu ise Ankaragücü, Gençlerbirliği ve Karayolları Yeniyolspor kulüplerinde futbol oynayan kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 314 futbolcu oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak demografik bilgi formu ile Osmanoğlu vd. (2018) tarafından geliştirilen 28 madde ve 5 alt boyuttan oluşan “Spor Turizmi Hizmet Kalitesi Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Veriler, istatistik paket program aracılığı ile analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde betimleyici istatistiklerin yanı sıra, Bağımsız Örneklem t testi, ANOVA ve Tukey testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, yaş, medeni hal, gelir düzeyi ve otellerin bulunduğu şehir değişkenleri ile spor turizmi hizmet kalitesinin bazı alt boyutları arasında farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre, yaş ile “çalışanlar”, medeni hal ile “spor alanı”, gelir düzeyi ile “spor alanı”, “çalışanlar”,” eğlence” ve “hijyen”, otellerin bulundukları şehirler ile “otel odası” alt boyutları arasında farklılık tespit edilmiştir. İşletmeler fikir edinmek adına bu ve benzer çalışmaların analizlerden yararlanarak en iyi hizmeti verme noktasında kendilerine bir çalışma veya eğitim planı düzenleyebilir.
Rezension von: Bausinger, Hermann, Ein bißchen unsterblich
Authors: Arnold Kerstin , Bausinger Hermann
Published: July 2023

Hermann Bausinger: Ein bißchen unsterblich. Schwäbische Profile. Bleicher Verlag Gerlingen 1999. 344 Seiten mit 30 Abbildungen. Hardcover DM 38,-. ISBN 3-88350-329-0
Rezension von: Benz, Wolfgang u.a. (Hrsg.), Jüdisches Leben in der Weimarer Republik
Authors: Schönhagen Benigna , Benz Wolfgang
Published: July 2023

Wolfgang Benz, Arnold Paucker und Peter Pulzer (Hrsg.): Jüdisches Leben in der Weimarer Republik, Jews in the Weimar Republic. (Schriftenreihe wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen des Leo Baeck Instituts, Band 57). Mohr Siebeck Verlag Tübingen 1998.288 Seiten. Leinen DM 98,-. ISBN 3-16-146873-2