bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval Summary: Ramucirumab for the Treatment of Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Following Disease Progression On or After Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Larkins Erin , Scepura Barbara , Blumenthal Gideon M. , Bloomquist Erik , Tang Shenghui , Biable Missiratch , Kluetz Paul , Keegan Patricia , Pazdur Richard
Published: October 2015

On December 12, 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ramucirumab for use in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor or anaplastic lymphoma kinase genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving ramucirumab. This approval was based on an improvement in overall survival (OS) with an acceptable toxicity profile in a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 1,253 patients with metastatic NSCLC previously treated with a platinum-based combination therapy. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either ramucirumab in combination with docetaxel or placebo in combination with docetaxel. The primary endpoint was OS. Patients who received ramucirumab in combination with docetaxel had improved OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75, 0.98). Median OS was 10.5 months on the ramucirumab plus docetaxel arm versus 9.1 months on the placebo plus docetaxel arm. The most frequent (≥30%) adverse reactions in ramucirumab-treated patients were fatigue, neutropenia, and diarrhea. The most frequent (≥5%) grade 3 and 4 adverse reactions in the ramucirumab arm were fatigue, neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, leukopenia, and hypertension.

Implications for Practice:

This report presents key information on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of ramucirumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, given in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer whose disease has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. This report specifically addresses the issues of safety in patients with squamous cell tumors, effect of treatment in elderly patients, and uncertainties regarding effects in patients with tumors harboring epidermal growth factor receptor or anaplastic lymphoma kinase genomic tumor aberrations.
Realisation or oversight of a constitutional mandate? Corrective rape of black African lesbians in South Africa
Authors: Mwambene Lea , Wheal Maudri
Published: October 2015

Corrective rape is a form of sexual punishment by men towards lesbians in order to cure them of their sexual orientation. Black African lesbians are victims of corrective rape, particularly those in townships who are seen to challenge patriarchal gender norms. Therefore, discrimination on the basis of gender, race, sex and sexual orientation is called into play. The impact of discrimination is rendered more serious and their vulnerability increased by the fact that the victims are also seen as a threat to patriarchy and hetero-normativity which demarcate women's bodies as male property. The article focuses on how South Africa balances its constitutional mandate in relation to black African lesbians affected by corrective rape. The article argues that it is necessary to define corrective rape as a hate crime and not merely a crime of rape for victims of corrective rape to be adequately protected. Key words: Corrective rape; black African lesbians; South Africa; discrimination
Features of Social Status Perception in the Youth and Student Community
Authors: Fedotova S.V.
Published: October 2015

The article presents socio-psychological analysis of the phenomenon of social status, which is not seen as a sociological category, but as a component of the image of the object of learning. The author hypothesized that social status defined by another person depends on a number of the social object indicators (gender, age and socio-demographic criteria) and the characteristics of the subject of learning (gender, age, job, self-evaluations on various parameters). The study involved 141 people (83 female, 58 male, aged 18 to 30 years, mean=23). Methodological tools were the method of questionnaires and interviews with stimulus material. The author identified the components of the social status phenomenon and characteristics of the object and the subject of learning that are important for determining the position of the individual in society. Features of the social status assessment in the original perception were determined. The obtained data can be used in the educational process for determining group structure in the students of higher educational institutions, high-status and low-status members, as well as for understanding the value structures and important components in the social life of young people.
Type of Attachment and Social Cognition Characteristics in Orphans
Authors: Avakyan T.V.
Published: October 2015

Violations of social cognition significantly reduce quality of life. Studies of social cognition in orphans are rare while the data are conflicting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the type of attachment and peculiarities of social cognition in orphans. The author hypothesized that it will be difficult task for the orphans to recognize emotions. The study involved 57 people. The main group included 39 orphans living in an orphanage (25 boys, 14 girls). The average age was 14 years. The control subjects were 18 secondary school students living in the birth families (12 boys and 6 girls). The average age - 14 years. The results show that adolescent orphans have more difficulty interacting with other people, experience less pleasure from communicating, often use avoidance strategy. The number of orphans with avoidant attachment type is 1.5 times greater than in the control group. It is concluded that the type of attachment plays an important role in forming of social cognition. The results could be useful in basic and additional training of young people of this category.
SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÕES GEOGRÁFICAS E CADASTRO DE ESTABELECIMENTOS COMERCIAIS URBANOS DE UM PEQUENO MUNICÍPIO DO ESTUÁRIO DO RIO AMAZONAS
Authors: Issa Pedro Henrique , Mendes Lima Viviana , Andretta Mendes Jéssica , Costa Sandra Maria Fonseca da
Published: October 2015

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a utilização de técnicas de geoprocessamento como ferramenta para mapear os pontos comerciais urbanos do pequeno município de Ponta de Pedras, localizado na Ilha do Marajó, Pará, como subsídio ao cadastro urbano. Sabe-se que o geoprocessamento é uma importante ferramenta para os tomadores de decisão, no sentido de compreenderem o espaço geográfico e a distribuição e crescimento de seus atributos, temporalmente. No caso apresentado neste artigo, foi possível localizar os estabelecimentos comerciais urbanos e suas características, em termos de atividade, do município de Ponta de Pedras, utilizando-se um GPS e elaborar um mapa com estas informações. Esse município tem baixa arrecadação de impostos e, basicamente, depende dos repasses da união, o que torna difícil o investimento municipal em mapeamentos que possam subsidiar as políticas públicas. É nesse sentido que este trabalho se estrutura, com a finalidade de auxiliar na produção de um cadastro comercial urbano inicial, possibilitando a criação de um banco de dados, utilizando o SIG (Sistema de Informações Geográficas) como ferramenta.
ANÁLISE DO BANCO DE DADOS DE TESES E DISSERTAÇÕES DO DME/UFSCAR SOBRE EDUCAÇÃO EM ASTRONOMIA
Authors: Ferreira Orlando Rodrigues , Voelzke Marcos Rincon
Published: October 2015

trabalho expõe uma breve análise do “Banco de Dados de Teses e Dissertações sobre Educaçãoem Astronomia”, do Departamento de Metodologia de Ensino-DME da Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar. A partir deste estudo, torna-se possível a elaboração de novas análises e dados estatísticos, bem como proceder com uma classificação das instituições brasileiras que produzem trabalhos acadêmicos na área.
RADIOEMISSÕES SOLARES TIPO II ASSOCIADAS A FLARES E CMES
Authors: Cunha-Silva Rafael Douglas , Fernandes Francisco Carlos Rocha , Selhorst Caius Lucius
Published: October 2015

Atribuídas a ondas de choque e a ejeções de plasmoide, as emissões solares tipo II são ondaseletromagnéticas geradas a partir de oscilações do plasma coronal. A origem dos choques associados a essasemissões é ainda uma questão em aberto da física solar. Enquanto alguns trabalhos sugerem os flares solarescomo seus acionadores, outros fornecem indícios de serem as ejeções de massa coronal (CMEs) sua origemmais provável. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da análise de duas emissões tipo II, registradas por doisespectrômetros da rede e-CALLISTO (extended-Compound Astronomical Low-cost Low-frequency Instrument forSpectroscopy and Transportable Observatory), os quais operam na faixa de frequências de 45-870 MHz. Oprimeiro evento, observado em 13 de junho de 2010, às 05:38 UT, apresentou uma taxa de deriva em frequênciade -0,2 MHz s-1, correspondente a uma velocidade de choque de 528 km s-1, estando, temporalmente, associadoa uma CME lenta (~320 km s-1) e a um flare solar em raios-X, classe M1.0. O segundo evento, observado em 09de Agosto de 2011, às 08:02 UT, apresentou uma taxa de deriva em frequência de -1,4 MHz s-1, correspondentea uma velocidade de choque de 1375 km s-1, estando, temporalmente, associado a uma CME tipo halo (~1610km s-1) e a um flare solar em raios-X, classe X6.9. Os resultados obtidos, para os parâmetros observacionais dasemissões tipo II e para os parâmetros físicos de suas fontes, são discutidos no contexto de sua relação com seuflares e CMEs associados.
Acompanhamento do Desempenho das Atribuições de Tutores a Distância: Método e Ferramenta
Authors: Cavalcante Carlos Henrique Leitão , De Sousa Verônica Lima Pimentel , De Sousa Paulo Benicio Melo
Published: October 2015

Entre os diversos papéis dos atores da Educação a Distância, destaca-se o papel desempenhado pelo tutor a distância, responsável por realizar o acompanhamento acadêmico, por reforçar o conteúdo e tirar dúvidas dos alunos na disciplina. Dessa forma, é de grande importância para a qualidade do ensino a distância o monitoramento, o controle e o acompanhamento de suas atribuições. Esse trabalho de supervisão da tutoria é necessário, pois visa corrigir problemas inerentes ao papel dos tutores, evitando prejuízos ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem nos cursos a distância. O estudo apresentado foi aplicado em 81 tutorias de um curso do programa UAB em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES). Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa possibilitou a classificação das atribuições de um tutor a distância, a delimitação de quais atribuições seriam monitoradas e um processo de definição de premissas e métricas de desempenho para cada uma dessas atribuições. Esse processo serviu de base para a criação de um mecanismo computacional, denominado MDTMoodle, que proporcionou a visualização do desempenho dos tutores a distância através de semáforos.Palavras-chaves: Educação a distância; Tutoria a distância; Acompanhamento de tutoria.  Monitoring the Efficiency on Distance Tutors Roles: a Method and a Tool Abstract Among the various roles of the actors in Distance Learning, it is worth highlighting the role played by the tutor, who is responsible for performing academic monitoring, enhancing content, and taking questions from students on the subject matter. Therefore, monitoring, control, and accompaniment of tutors are very important for the quality of distance education. These will correct the problems, avoiding losses in the teaching and learning process. This work has been applied on 81 tutored online courses of a Higher Education Institution.   In this context, the research has enabled a classification of the tutor's assignments, the boundaries of which ones would be monitored, and the definition of assumptions and performance metrics for each of the assignments. This process formed the basis for the creation of a computational tool, called MDTMoodle, which provided the visualization of distance tutors' performances, using the concepts of traffic lights.Keywords:  Distance learning; Distance tutoring; Tutor monitoring.
A Docência On-line: Um Caso no Ensino de Teclado na Licenciatura em Música a Distância da UnB
Authors: Costa Hermes Siqueira Bandeira , Marins Paulo Roberto Affonso
Published: October 2015

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar como ocorre o ensino de teclado a distância, no âmbito do curso de licenciatura em Música a distância da Universidade de Brasília (UnB), assim como a utilização das tecnologias digitais nessa modalidade de ensino. A metodologia adotada foi o estudo de caso e os dados foram obtidos a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os professores responsáveis pela criação das disciplinas de teclado do referido curso. Verificou-se que o ensino de teclado a distância ocorre prioritariamente de modo assíncrono entre professor e aluno por meio de materiais pedagógicos, produzidos previamente e veiculados por meio da combinação de diversas mídias digitais. O emprego das tecnologias digitais no ensino a distância é massivo e sua utilização, por vezes, é aleatória. Apesar de a interação entre professor e aluno ocorrer majoritariamente assincronamente, em detrimento das formas síncronas de comunicação, o aprendizado do teclado é viável para a finalidade a que se dispõe: ter o instrumento de teclas para ensinar e fazer música.Palavras-chave: Educação a distância; Educação musical a distância; Docência on-line; Tecnologias digitais. The Online Teaching: A Case in Teaching of Keyboard in Distance Music Degree of UnBAbstract This research aimed to investigate how teaching keyboard at distance occurs in Music distance education program at University of Brasília (UnB), as well as the use of digital technologies in this modality of teaching. The methodology adopted was the case study and data was obtained from semi-structured interviews with the teachers responsible for the elaboration of keyboard courses from the refered program. It was found that the teaching of keyboard at distance occurs primarily asynchronously between teacher and students and through the learning materials produced in advance and broadcasted through a combination of various digital media. The use of digital technologies is massive and its use sometimes is random. Although the interaction between teacher and student occurs mostly asynchronously to the detriment of synchronous forms of communication, learning keyboard is viable for the proposed goal: have keyboard instrument as a tool to teach and to make music.Keywords: Distance education; Music distance education; On-line teaching; Digital technologies.
Metodologické problémy ekonomie jako nominalistické vědy
Authors: Hampl Mojmír
Published: October 2015

N/A
Význam modelování a předpovídání volatility časových řad pro řízení ekonomických procesů
Authors: Arlt Josef , Radkovský Štěpán
Published: October 2015

N/A
Vše, co je třeba vědět o repo obchodech (Jílek, J.: Moderní finanční produkty - repo obchody. Praha, Grada 1999, 601 str.)
Authors: Dvořák Petr
Published: October 2015

N/A
Ucelený výklad personalistiky a jejich nástrojů (Armstrong, M.: Personální management. Praha, Grada 1999, 963 str.)
Authors: Dvořáková Zuzana
Published: October 2015

N/A
Dvě
Authors: Žák Milan
Published: October 2015

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Cíle a úkoly Vysoké školy ekonomické
Authors: Durčáková Jaroslava , Žák Milan
Published: October 2015

N/A
Ekonomická transformace z pohledu sociologa
Authors: Soukup Petr
Published: October 2015

N/A
Centrální banka jako věřitel poslední instance ve světle problémů české ekonomiky
Authors: Revenda Zbyněk
Published: October 2015

N/A
Keynesovský a monetarní přístup k platební bilanci (aplikace na Českou republiku v letech 1993 - 1999)
Authors: Tomšík Vladimír
Published: October 2015

N/A
Nestandardní pohled na trh
Authors: Řezník Jiří
Published: October 2015

N/A
Engliš vs. čeští keynesovci (polemiky nad monetárními problémy v letech 1934 - 1936)
Authors: Půlpán Karel
Published: October 2015

N/A
Přístupy k ekonomické a prostorové analýze
Authors: Koderová Jitka
Published: October 2015

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Regionálna analýza pomocou samoorganizujúcich sa máp
Authors: Chudý Lucius , Farkaš Igor
Published: October 2015

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Analýza zpoždění při modelování vztahů mezi časovými řadami
Authors: Arlt Josef , Radkovský Štěpán
Published: October 2015

N/A
Nafta: odhadované efekty a realita po šesti letech
Authors: Cihelková Eva
Published: October 2015

N/A
Standardní a nestandardní přístupy k ekonomickým cyklům (vybrané problémy)
Authors: Sirůček Pavel
Published: October 2015

N/A
Ekonomická a právní analýza nezávislosti a odpovědnosti centrálních bank
Authors: Bažantová Ilona , Loužek Marek
Published: October 2015

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Ekonomická věda a hospodářská politika
Authors: Adamec Radek
Published: October 2015

N/A
Přechod chorvatské ekonomiky - prvotní zkušenosti
Authors: Benic Duro
Published: October 2015

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Vývoj zahraničního obchodu a platební bilance České republiky, Maďarska a Polska
Authors: Tomšík Vladimír
Published: October 2015

N/A
Přehled modelů rozhodování jednotlivce v ekonomii
Authors: Skořepa Michal
Published: October 2015

N/A
Teoretické aspekty analýzy verejných statkov a niektoré implikácie pre hospodársku politiku
Authors: Čaplánová Anetta , Orviská Marta
Published: October 2015

N/A
Občan a stát: reforma systému sociálního zabezpečení
Authors: Kornai János
Published: October 2015

N/A
Pět let českého národního účetnictví
Authors: Hindls Richard , Hronová Stanislava
Published: October 2015

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N/A
Authors: Kočenda Evžen
Published: October 2015

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N/A
Authors: Arlt Josef
Published: October 2015

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Vlastní zájem, trh a morálka - pohled do historie
Authors: Klusoň Václav
Published: October 2015

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Strukturální odvětvové změny v procesu transformace české ekonomiky - s ohledem na mezinárodní aspekty
Authors: Holub Alois
Published: October 2015

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Substituce měny ve východní Evropě
Authors: van Aarle Bas , Budina Nina
Published: October 2015

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Vstup do Európskej Únie - ekonomická nevyhnutnou alebo politická ambícia Slovenskej republiky?
Authors: Baláž Peter
Published: October 2015

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Česká společnost ekonomická: dlouhodobý růst
Authors: Čihák Martin
Published: October 2015

N/A
Regresní analýza nestacionárních ekonomických časových řad
Authors: Arlt Josef
Published: October 2015

N/A
Placení účtu za gulášový komunismus II
Authors: Kornai János
Published: October 2015

N/A
Podoba a vlastnosti faktorů produkční funkce
Authors: Řezník Jiří
Published: October 2015

N/A
Vývoj hrubého domácího produktu z hlediska přispění jednotlivých faktorů
Authors: Hindls Richard , Hronová Stanislava
Published: October 2015

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české a světové bankovnictví v devadesátých letech
Authors: Musílek Petr
Published: October 2015

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Kointegrace v jednorovnicových modelech
Authors: Arlt Josef
Published: October 2015

N/A
K analýze a predikci indexu spotřebitelských cen
Authors: Kozák Josef , Hindls Richard
Published: October 2015

N/A
Vývoj finančního a bankovního sektoru ve středo- a východoevropských zemích pohledem západních ekonomů
Authors: Tomšík Vladimír
Published: October 2015

N/A
Česká ekonomika 2001: akcelerace růstu
Authors: Janáček Kamil , Zamrazilová Eva , Tomšík Vladimír
Published: October 2015

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Monetaristický pohled na vývoj české ekonomiky
Authors: Kubíček Jan
Published: October 2015

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Ekonomické myšlení Tomáše Akvinského
Authors: Sedláček Tomáš
Published: October 2015

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Odhad potenciálního produktu a produkční mezery v České republice
Authors: Hájek Mojmír , Bezděk Vladimír
Published: October 2015

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Intenzita a kvalitativní charakteristiky strukturálních změn v tranzitivních ekonomikách
Authors: Kadeřábková Anna , Srholec Martin
Published: October 2015

N/A
Má stát právo považovat Microsoft za monopolní firmu?
Authors: Lízal Lubomír
Published: October 2015

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Cíle firmy a limity jejího růstu - postkeynesovská alternativa ekonomie hlavního proudu
Authors: Kuneš Pavel
Published: October 2015

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Vliv globalizace na soudobé podmínky podnikání, ekonomiky a managementu
Authors: Veber Jaromír
Published: October 2015

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Rakouská Škola a její kritika standardního matematického přístupu k ekonomii
Authors: ŘÍKOVSKÝ Milan
Published: October 2015

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Výkonnost a struktura nabídkové strany
Authors: Flek Vladislav , Hájek Mojmír , Hurník Jaromír , Prokop Ladislav , Racková Lenka
Published: October 2015

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Vybrané aspekty makroekonomického vývoje v Maďarsku po roce 1995
Authors: Srholec Martin
Published: October 2015

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Příspěvek k pojetí a využití aktuální a potenciální konkurence v podnikovém marketingu
Authors: Malý Václav
Published: October 2015

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Ekonomické myšlení Jana Kalvína o lichvě a úroku
Authors: Evan Tomáš
Published: October 2015

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Konkurenční a koluzívní chování v oligopolu
Authors: Maňas Miroslav
Published: October 2015

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Co zbylo z nové ekonomiky?
Authors: Janáček Kamil
Published: October 2015

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Kapitálová výnosnost (možnosti využití produkční funkce pro ohodnocování firem v české ekonomice)
Authors: Kodera Jan , Pánková Václava
Published: October 2015

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Rok 2002: zpomalí česká ekonomika?
Authors: Janáček Kamil , Zamrazilová Eva
Published: October 2015

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Slabá forma efektivnosti českého akciového trhu
Authors: Hájek Jan
Published: October 2015

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Aplikované modely všeobecné rovnováhy
Authors: Brůha Jan
Published: October 2015

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Model konkurenčního úvěrového trhu v podmínkách nedokonalých informací
Authors: Janda Karel
Published: October 2015

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Analýza a prognóza na základě modelů binární diskrétní volby
Authors: Hušek Roman , Moravová Jiřina
Published: October 2015

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Makroekonomické souvislosti rozpočtových deficitů
Authors: Izák Vratislav
Published: October 2015

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Ceny v zahraničním obchodě
Authors: Nešvera Václav
Published: October 2015

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Transmise klíčových úrokových sazeb v české ekonomice
Authors: Dvorný Zdeněk
Published: October 2015

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K problému asymetrie informace v pojišťovnictví
Authors: Daňhel Jaroslav
Published: October 2015

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Může být pronatalitní politika účinná?
Authors: Loužek Marek
Published: October 2015

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K Rothbardovu pojetí ekonomie
Authors: Řezník Jiří
Published: October 2015

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Místo Albína Bráfa ve vývoji českého ekonomického myšlení
Authors: Krameš Jaroslav
Published: October 2015

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Budování institucí v České republice
Authors: Havel Jiří
Published: October 2015

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Výnosy z přímých zahraničních investic a jejich rozdělení v České republice
Authors: Novotný Filip
Published: October 2015

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Význam forem diskontování v ekonomickém modelování
Authors: Andrle Michal , Brůha Jan
Published: October 2015

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Tendence a faktory vývoje hospodářského cyklu v České republice
Authors: Czesaný Slavoj
Published: October 2015

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Zahraniční obchod Československa 1918 - 1937
Authors: Kosta Jiří
Published: October 2015

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Cena a produktivita práce v poľnohospodárstve - komparatívna výhoda lacnej prace
Authors: Havrila Andrej
Published: October 2015

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Institucionalismus a nová institucionální ekonomie
Authors: Sojka Milan
Published: October 2015

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K výuce makroekonomie na vybraných univerzitách v Německu, Rakousku a Švýcarsku
Authors: Helísek Mojmír
Published: October 2015

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Existence procesu učení na umělém akciovém trhu
Authors: Kočenda Evžen , Hanousek Jan
Published: October 2015

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Návrh reformy elektroenergetického sektoru v České republice
Authors: Zajíček Miroslav
Published: October 2015

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Euro: aktuální příručka pro podnikatele
Authors: Mandel Martin
Published: October 2015

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Ekonomická analýza konkurence států
Authors: Řezník Jiří
Published: October 2015

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Kvantitativní metody zdokonalování manažerského rozhodování
Authors: Dědina Jiří
Published: October 2015

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Nositel Nobelovy ceny za ekonomii za rok 1998
Authors: Bohatá Marie
Published: October 2015

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Světová konference o operačním výzkumu
Authors: Fiala Petr
Published: October 2015

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XVII. konference Lames v Mexiku
Authors: Pánková Václava
Published: October 2015

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Oceňování přírodních zdrojů
Authors: Dvořák Antonín
Published: October 2015

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Использование геймификационных инструментов в реальном проекте
Authors: Уфельманн Виктор Дмитриевич , Яценко Виктория Викторовна , Малинин Виктор Леонидович , Мякишева Елизавета Дмитриевна
Published: October 2015

В данной статье авторами были рассмотрены аспекты внедрения системы геймификации для конкретного проекта. Внедрение системы было необходимо для повышения мотивации и вовлеченности сотрудников проекта, заключавшегося в привлечении целевой аудитории (подростки от 14 до 18 лет) на тренинг по самоопределению. Система геймификации внедрялась поэтапно, согласно алгоритму «Шесть шагов D».
Анализ включения заинтересованных сторон в стратегическое планирование развития предпринимательства в ДВФО
Authors: Шумик Екатерина Георгиевна
Published: October 2015

В статье представлен анализ документов стратегического планирования для выявления форм и методов возможности включения заинтересованных сторон в разработку стратегии и программ. Проведена оценка применяемых форм участия заинтересованных субъектов в подготовке и реализации нормативных актов, принимаемых в рамках стратегического планирования развития предпринимательства в регионах Дальневосточного федерального округа. На основании анализа выявлены существующие недостатки.
Sensitivity analysis of conservation targets in systematic conservation planning
Authors: Levin Noam , Mazor Tessa , Brokovich Eran , Jablon Pierre-Elie , Kark Salit
Published: October 2015

Systematic conservation planning has rapidly advanced in the past decade and has been increasingly incorporated in multiple studies and conservation projects. One of its requirements is a quantitative definition of conservation targets. While the Convention on Biological Diversity aims to expand the world's protected area network to 17% of the land surface, in many cases such uniform policy‐driven targets may not be appropriate for achieving persistence of various species. Targets are often set arbitrarily, often because information required for the persistence of each species is unavailable or unknown in the focal region. Conservation planners therefore need to establish complementary novel approaches to address the gaps in setting targets. Here, we develop and present a novel method that aims to help guide the selection of conservation targets, providing support for decision makers, planners, and managers. This is achieved by examining the overall flexibility of the conservation network resulting from conservation prioritization, and aiming for greater flexibility. To test this approach we applied the decision support tool Marxan to determine marine conservation priority areas in the eastern Mediterranean Sea as a case study. We assessed the flexibility of the conservation network by comparing 80 different scenarios in which conservation targets were gradually increased and assessed by a range of calculated metrics (e.g., the percentage of the total area selected, the overall connectivity). We discovered that when conservation targets were set too low (i.e., below 10% of the distribution range of each species), very few areas were identified as irreplaceable and the conservation network was not well defined. Interestingly, when conservation targets were set too high (over 50% of the species' range), too many conservation priority areas were selected as irreplaceable, an outcome which is realistically infeasible to implement. As a general guideline, we found that flexibility in a conservation network is adequate when ~10−20% of the study area is considered irreplaceable (selection frequency values over 90%). This approach offers a useful sensitivity analysis when applying target‐based systematic conservation planning tools, ensuring that the resulting protected area conservation network offers more choices for managers and decision makers.
Environmental DNA sampling is more sensitive than a traditional survey technique for detecting an aquatic invader
Authors: Smart Adam S. , Tingley Reid , Weeks Andrew R. , van Rooyen Anthony R. , McCarthy Michael A.
Published: October 2015

Effective management of alien species requires detecting populations in the early stages of invasion. Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling can detect aquatic species at relatively low densities, but few studies have directly compared detection probabilities of eDNA sampling with those of traditional sampling methods. We compare the ability of a traditional sampling technique (bottle trapping) and eDNA to detect a recently established invader, the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris vulgaris, at seven field sites in Melbourne, Australia. Over a four‐month period, per‐trap detection probabilities ranged from 0.01 to 0.26 among sites where L. v. vulgaris was detected, whereas per‐sample eDNA estimates were much higher (0.29–1.0). Detection probabilities of both methods varied temporally (across days and months), but temporal variation appeared to be uncorrelated between methods. Only estimates of spatial variation were strongly correlated across the two sampling techniques. Environmental variables (water depth, rainfall, ambient temperature) were not clearly correlated with detection probabilities estimated via trapping, whereas eDNA detection probabilities were negatively correlated with water depth, possibly reflecting higher eDNA concentrations at lower water levels. Our findings demonstrate that eDNA sampling can be an order of magnitude more sensitive than traditional methods, and illustrate that traditional‐ and eDNA‐based surveys can provide independent information on species distributions when occupancy surveys are conducted over short timescales.
Adjunctive Local Delivery of Aloe Vera Gel in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Pradeep A.R. , Garg Vibhuti , Raju Arjun , Singh Priyanka
Published: October 2015

Background: Herbal agents such as Aloe vera (AV) have been used in medical and dental therapy for thousands of years. AV has anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, healing‐promoting, and immune‐boosting properties. This study aims to investigate the clinical effectiveness of locally delivered AV gel used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic periodontitis (CP).

Methods: Sixty patients with probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm and clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥3 mm were randomly divided into two groups. All patients underwent SRP. Placebo gel was locally delivered to group 1 and AV gel to group 2. Full‐mouth plaque index (PI), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), PD, and CAL were recorded at baseline and 3 and 6 months.

Results: Patients in group 2 showed significantly greater mean reductions in PI, mSBI, and PD and mean gain in CAL compared with those in group 1 from baseline to 3 months. Gain in CAL was significantly greater in group 2 at all time intervals versus group 1.

Conclusion: Adjunctive use of locally delivered AV gel, in comparison to locally delivered placebo gel, is associated with greater reduction in PI, mSBI, and PD as well as more gain in CAL in patients with T2DM and CP.
Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin Against Periodontopathic Bacteria
Authors: Izui Shusuke , Sekine Shinichi , Maeda Kazuhiko , Kuboniwa Masae , Takada Akihiko , Amano Atsuo , Nagata Hideki
Published: October 2015

Background: Curcumin is a polyphenol extracted from root of turmeric and known to possess multifunctional properties, including antibacterial activity. Although previous studies have investigated the effects of curcumin on microorganisms, available knowledge on the effects of curcumin on periodontopathic bacteria is still limited. In this study, the antibacterial effect of curcumin on periodontopathic bacteria is investigated, particularly Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Methods: Representative periodontopathic bacteria were cultured in media with and without various curcumin concentrations, and the optical density at 600 nm was measured for 60 hours. The inhibitory effect of curcumin on P. gingivalis Arg‐ and Lys‐specific proteinase (RGP and KGP, respectively) activities were assessed using spectrofluorophotometric assay. Analysis of biofilm formation by P. gingivalis with or without Streptococcus gordonii was conducted using confocal laser‐scanning microscopy (CLSM).

Results: Curcumin inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Treponema denticola in a dose‐dependent manner. Bacterial growth was suppressed almost completely at very low concentrations of curcumin. Conversely, 100 μg/mL curcumin did not suppress the growth of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. It also demonstrated inhibitory effects against RGP and KGP activities in a dose‐dependent manner. CLSM revealed that curcumin suppressed P. gingivalis homotypic and P. gingivalis–S. gordonii heterotypic biofilm formation in a dose‐dependent manner. A concentration of 20 μg/mL curcumin inhibited these P. gingivalis biofilm formations by >80%.

Conclusion: Curcumin possesses antibacterial activity against periodontopathic bacteria and may be a potent agent for preventing periodontal diseases.
Is Cognitive Status Related to Oral Hygiene Level and Appropriate for Determining Need for Oral Hygiene Assistance?
Authors: Steinmassl Patricia‐Anca , Steinmassl Otto , Kraus Gabriela , Dumfahrt Herbert , Grunert Ingrid
Published: October 2015

Background: With declining general health, the maintenance of oral health becomes increasingly difficult. Unfortunately, health care resources are limited. An assessment tool for detecting a patient’s need for oral health care assistance would promote its adequate distribution. The aim of this study is to evaluate if the Shulman clock‐drawing test score is a suitable assessment tool for determining the need for oral hygiene assistance.

Methods: Data collected from recent dental checkups of 126 inhabitants of five Austrian residential care facilities were analyzed. The Shulman clock‐drawing test score was used as a measure for cognitive abilities and related to tooth and denture hygiene indices, which were assessed using the approximal space plaque index (API) and the denture plaque index (DPI).

Results: Shulman score values were distributed almost evenly in the study population. The mean API was 83.6% (SD 20.2%) for the maxilla and 94.9% (SD 15.6%) for the mandible. The mean DPI was 43.9% (SD 31.4%). Cognitive impairment was not statistically related to the dental or denture hygiene index.

Conclusions: A high Shulman clock‐drawing test score indicates the need for oral hygiene assistance, but it is not suitable as a single tool to assess this need. Patients with other disabilities might equally qualify for assistance. Dentures, however, can be cleaned quickly and efficiently independently of patient compliance; therefore, cleaning the patients’ dentures should be part of nursing personnel’s daily care routine for every patient.
Meeting the Tobacco Cessation Coverage Requirement of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: State Smoking Cessation Quitlines and Cost Sharing
Authors: Lemaire Robin H. , Bailey Linda , Leischow Scott J.
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We explored whether various key stakeholders considered cost sharing with state telephone-based tobacco cessation quitlines, because including tobacco cessation services as part of the required essential health benefits is a new requirement of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA).

Methods. We analyzed qualitative data collected from interviews conducted in April and May of 2014 with representatives of state health departments, quitline service providers, health plans, and insurance brokers in 4 US states.

Results. State health departments varied in the strategies they considered the role their state quitline would play in meeting the ACA requirements. Health plans and insurance brokers referred to state quitlines because they were perceived as effective and free, but in 3 of the 4 states, the private stakeholder groups did not consider cost sharing.

Conclusions. If state health departments are going to initiate cost-sharing agreements with private insurance providers, then they will need to engage a broad array of stakeholders and will need to overcome the perception that state quitline services are free.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Services and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Authors: Abdus Salam , Mistry Kamila B. , Selden Thomas M.
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We examined prereform patterns in insurance coverage, access to care, and preventive services use by race/ethnicity in adults targeted by the coverage expansions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA).

Methods. We used pre-ACA household data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to identify groups targeted by the coverage provisions of the Act (Medicaid expansions and subsidized Marketplace coverage). We examined racial/ethnic differences in coverage, access to care, and preventive service use, across and within ACA relevant subgroups from 2005 to 2010. The study took place at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in Rockville, Maryland.

Results. Minorities were disproportionately represented among those targeted by the coverage provisions of the ACA. Targeted groups had lower rates of coverage, access to care, and preventive services use, and racial/ethnic disparities were, in some cases, widest within these targeted groups.

Conclusions. Our findings highlighted the opportunity of the ACA to not only to improve coverage, access, and use for all racial/ethnic groups, but also to narrow racial/ethnic disparities in these outcomes. Our results might have particular importance for states that are deciding whether to implement the ACA Medicaid expansions.
Review of Capillary Number in Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Guo Hu , Dou Ma , Hanqing Wang , Wang Fuyong , Yuanyuan Gu , Yu Zhaoyan , Yansheng Wang , Li Yiqiang
Published: October 2015

After decades of development, great progress has been made in capillary number theory and it has important but often incorrect application in EOR. Investigation into progress on capillary number theory and some misuse of capillary number theory helps to make better use of it. Latest progress concerning with capillary number theory and its application in chemical EOR is reviewed by studying the experiments data and checking its model hypothesis. Classic Capillary Desaturation Curves (CDC) are summarized and new CDC is introduced. Typical classical CDC showed larger capillary number lead to lower residual oil saturation and when capillary number increased to a certain critical value(first critical value), the residual oil saturation could drop to a minimum value even zero. CDC shapes were different in water-wet and oil-wet media. Recovery can be improved by increasing flooding rate, though invalid and impractical, displacement phase viscosity or/and reducing oil/water interfacial tension, which are actually adopted by chemical flooding. Guided by this theory and also first critical capillary number value requirement, it lead to the pursuit of low interfacial tension to largest extent and the requirement of ultra-low interfacial tension (10-3mN/m) in surfactant screening. However, experiments data showed that residual oil saturation was not always decreasing as capillary number increased. After capillary number increased to a certain value (second critical value), the residual oil saturation may increase or decrease as capillary number increase. What was more, the final residual oil saturation was quite more than zero and this CDC was regarded as the new CDC. Experiments in heavy oil laboratory tests showed that smaller injection rate lead to higher recovery which seemed contrary to capillary theory.
Focused Engineering Initiative Produces New 16-in Roller Cone TCI Design to Solve Carbonate Drilling Challenges in Northern Kuwait
Authors: Al-Enezi Dakhil , Sounderrajan Mahesh , Boukhamseen Ali , Al-Safran Sarah , Hassan Said , Nair Prakash , Ghoneim Osama , Bits Smith
Published: October 2015

Interbedded formations with vastly different compressive strengths and blind drilling are two distinct challenges the operator must solve constructing a 16″ hole section in Northern Kuwait. These issues can lead to cutting structure damage to roller cone bits resulting in low performance and downhole tool failure. In addition the operator strives to achieve fast ROP by applying high weight-on-bit (WOB) through the hard Dammam to Mutriba carbonate sections which can also cause damage to the tungsten carbide insert (TCI) bit's cutting structure.

To manage the challenges, the operator's drilling team working in conjunction with the bit supplier launched a performance improvement initiative. The carbonate application was analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA) based dynamic simulation program to fully understand how to stabilize the bit in different downhole conditions and improve hydraulic efficiency. Based on the computer analysis and field run data, a new stable bit was designed.

The new bit includes a specialized cutting structure configuration, improved hydraulics and optimized insert carbide grades to mitigate impact damage. A patented double sealed bearing was also utilized to improve durability and seal reliability

The new roller cone bit design was run with an optimized drilling plan setting a record rate of penetration (ROP) in its first test run. The new bit design has enabled the operator to drill a challenging carbonate section of 4775 ft from Shoe to total depth (TD) with a record penetration rates (ROP) of 65.8 ft/hr achieving 7.7 % increase in ROP over the best performance in the same field. The authors will discuss the application challenges, analysis and resulting performance improvement.
Latest Developments using Fiber Optic Based Well Surveillance such as Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for Downhole Production and Injection Profiling
Authors: Horst Juun van , Panhuis Peter in , Al-Bulushi Nabil , Deitrick Greg , Mustafina Daria , Hemink Gijs , Groen Lex , Potters Hans , Mjeni Rifaat , Awan Kamran , Rajhi Salma , Bakker Goos
Published: October 2015

In the past decade, Fiber-Optic (FO) based sensing has opened up opportunities for in-well reservoir surveillance in the oil and gas industry. Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) has been used in applications such as steam front monitoring in thermal EOR and injection conformance monitoring in waterflood projects using (improved) warmback analysis and FO based pressure gauges are deployed commonly. In recent years1 significant progress has also been made to mature other, new FO based surveillance methods such as the application of Distributed Strain Sensing (DSS) for monitoring reservoir compaction and well deformation, multidrop Distributed Pressure Sensing (DPS) for fluid level determination, and Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for geophysical and production/injection profiling. For the latter application, numerous field surveys were conducted to develop the evaluation algorithms or workflows which convert the DAS noise recordings into flow rates from individual zones. The applicability of a new graphical user-interface has been expanded to include smart producers and injectors that allows the user to visualize (in real time), QC and evaluate the DAS data. Also, the evaluation methods for the use of DTS for warmback analysis have been significantly improved.

There are still improvements to be made in enabling Distributed Sensing infrastructure, such as handling and evaluation of very large data volumes, seamless FO data transfer, the robustness & cost of the FO system installation in subsea installations, and the overall integration of FO surveillance into traditional workflows. It will take some time before all these issues are addressed but we believe that FO based applications will play a key role in future well and reservoir surveillance.

In this paper we present a recent example of single-phase flow profiling using DAS. The example is from a long horizontal, smart polymer injector operated by Petroleum Development Oman (PDO).
Characterization of Heavy Oil in Clastic Reservoir - A Case Study
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Al-Hamad Hamad , Al-Bous Faisal , Al-Mutairi Fayez , Sanyal Arunava , Safar Ahmad
Published: October 2015

A number of heavy oil or tar accumulations have been reported in several Middle East reservoirs. Heavy oil is often overlooked as a resource because of the expense and technical challenges associated with producing it.

But more than 6 trillion barrels of oil in place attributed to the heaviest hydrocarbon. Most of the conventional onshore hydrocarbon reservoirs have been depleted, and time of easy hydrocarbon is over; so, it is prudent to look into the unconventional reservoirs like heavy oil. An accurate evaluation and characterization is obviously crucial to its efficient exploitation. The evaluation and characterization of heavy oil depends on its identification, quantification, analysis of representative fluid sample and reservoir properties.

The methods proposed in the literature might be successful in identifying heavy oil reservoirs but are less reliable for quantifying the amount of heavy oil, and are insensitive to oil viscosity, the key property that controls the producibility of heavy oil. Heavy oil characterization is incomplete without the sampling of fluid in the reservoir environment. It is often desirable to acquire the sample with wireline formation tester tool and integrate the in-situ fluid properties with NMR logs.

In this study we successfully integrate, conventional logs, NMR logs, in-situ fluid sample, PVT data and conventional core data for identification and quantification of heavy oil present in the pore space. This integrated study overcomes the limitations of individual techniques. Our case study shows that the porosity deficit between conventional total porosity and NMR porosity gives the identification of heavy oil present in the pore space, this difference between two porosities represents the extra viscous component of fluid that are not observable by the NMR tool. The amount of porosity deficit is the amount of extra heavy oil / tar in the pore space and this gives the quantification of the same.

Conventional and NMR derived reservoir properties are required to be integrated with conventional core porosity, permeability, water saturation and viscosity derived from PVT sample in order to characterize Heavy Oil in Clastic Reservoirs.