bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a new selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator with anorexigenic activity
Authors: Lee Junekyoung , Song Yeonghun , Kim Young A. , Kim Intae , Cha Jooseon , Lee Su Won , Ko Yoonae , Kim Chong-Su , Kim Sanghee , Lee Seunghee
Published: April 2024

Obesity, a worldwide epidemic, leads to various metabolic disorders threatening human health. In response to stress or fasting, glucocorticoid (GC) levels are elevated to promote food intake. This involves GC-induced expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides in agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) via the GC receptor (GR). Here, we report a selective GR modulator (SGRM) that suppresses GR-induced transcription of genes with non-classical glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) such as Agrp-GRE, but not with classical GREs, and via this way may serve as a novel anti-obesity agent. We have identified a novel SGRM, 2-O-trans-p-coumaroylalphitolic acid (Zj7), a triterpenoid extracted from the Ziziphus jujube plant, that selectively suppresses GR transcriptional activity in Agrp-GRE without affecting classical GREs. Zj7 reduces the expression of orexigenic genes in the ARC and exerts a significant anorexigenic effect with weight loss in both high fat diet-induced obese and genetically obese db/db mouse models. Transcriptome analysis showed that Zj7 represses the expression of a group of orexigenic genes including Agrp and Npy induced by the synthetic GR ligand dexamethasone (Dex) in the hypothalamus. Taken together, Zj7, as a selective GR modulator, showed beneficial metabolic activities, in part by suppressing GR activity in non-classical GREs in orexigenic genes. This study demonstrates that a potential anorexigenic molecule may allow GRE-specific inhibition of GR transcriptional activity, which is a promising approach for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
The invasive land flatworm Arthurdendyus triangulatus has repeated sequences in the mitogenome, extra-long cox2 gene and paralogous nuclear rRNA clusters
Authors: Gastineau Romain , Lemieux Claude , Turmel Monique , Otis Christian , Boyle Brian , Coulis Mathieu , Gouraud Clément , Boag Brian , Murchie Archie K. , Winsor Leigh , Justine Jean-Lou
Published: April 2024

Using a combination of short- and long-reads sequencing, we were able to sequence the complete mitochondrial genome of the invasive ‘New Zealand flatworm’ Arthurdendyus triangulatus (Geoplanidae, Rhynchodeminae, Caenoplanini) and its two complete paralogous nuclear rRNA gene clusters. The mitogenome has a total length of 20,309 bp and contains repetitions that includes two types of tandem-repeats that could not be solved by short-reads sequencing. We also sequenced for the first time the mitogenomes of four species of Caenoplana (Caenoplanini). A maximum likelihood phylogeny associated A. triangulatus with the other Caenoplanini but Parakontikia ventrolineata and Australopacifica atrata were rejected from the Caenoplanini and associated instead with the Rhynchodemini, with Platydemus manokwari. It was found that the mitogenomes of all species of the subfamily Rhynchodeminae share several unusual structural features, including a very long cox2 gene. This is the first time that the complete paralogous rRNA clusters, which differ in length, sequence and seemingly number of copies, were obtained for a Geoplanidae.
Magnetoresistive detection of perpendicular switching in a magnetic insulator
Authors: Damerio Silvia , Sunil Achintya , Janus Weronika , Mehraeen M. , Zhang Steven S.-L. , Avci Can O.
Published: April 2024

Spintronics offers promising routes for efficient memory, logic, and computing technologies. The central challenge in spintronics is electrically manipulating and detecting magnetic states in devices. The electrical control of magnetization via spin-orbit torques is effective in both conducting and insulating magnetic layers. However, the electrical readout of magnetization in the latter is inherently difficult, limiting their use in practical applications. Here, we show magnetoresistive detection of perpendicular magnetization reversal in an electrically insulating ferrimagnet, terbium iron garnet (TbIG). To do so, we use TbIG|Cu|TbCo, where TbCo is the reference conducting ferrimagnet and Cu is a nonmagnetic spacer. Current injection through Cu|TbCo allows us to detect the magnetization reversal of TbIG with a simple resistance readout during an external magnetic field sweep. By examining the effect of measurement temperature, TbCo composition, and Cu thickness on the sign and amplitude of the magnetoresistance, we conclude that the spin-dependent electron scattering at the TbIG|Cu interface is the underlying cause. Magnetoresistive detection of perpendicular switching in a ferrimagnetic garnet may enable alternative insulating spintronic device concepts.
Building energy savings by green roofs and cool roofs in current and future climates
Authors: Jia Siqi , Weng Qihao , Yoo Cheolhee , Xiao Huijuan , Zhong Qingwei
Published: April 2024

The global energy demand has greatly impacted greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Since buildings are responsible for a large portion of global energy consumption, this study investigates the energy-saving potential of green roofs and cool roofs in reducing building energy consumption. Using an integrated approach that combines climate change modeling and building energy simulation, the study evaluates these strategies in six global cities (Cairo, Hong Kong, Seoul, London, Los Angeles, and Sao Paulo) under current and future climate change scenarios. The results show that in future climates, the implementation of green and cool roofs at the city level can lead to substantial annual energy reductions, with up to 65.51% and 71.72% reduction in HVAC consumption, respectively, by 2100. These findings can guide the implementation of these strategies in different climatic zones worldwide, informing the selection and design of suitable roof mitigation strategies for specific urban contexts.
Communities conditionally support deployment of direct air capture for carbon dioxide removal in the United States
Authors: Scott-Buechler Celina , Cain Bruce , Osman Khalid , Ardoin Nicole M. , Fraser Catherine , Adcox Grace , Polk Emily , Jackson Robert B.
Published: April 2024

Direct air capture has gained traction as a method for carbon dioxide removal. How and whether direct air capture can be deployed requires securing social license to operate, and increasingly demands environmental justice and just transition principles. Here we use a nationally representative survey to evaluate public perceptions of direct air capture, paired with focus groups to assess community perceptions across four communities in the United States: Houston, Texas; Monaca, Pennsylvania; Bakersfield, California; and Rock Springs, Wyoming. We find conditional support for direct air capture deployment among focus group participants, and majority support for direct air capture deployment among national survey respondents. The most important determinants of project support were procedural justice elements—in particular community involvement in planning and implementation—and anticipated community benefits in the forms of local infrastructure and workforce development, supporting the need to center environmental justice and just transition principles into project planning and implementation. Where concerns over environmental and health implications are strong, direct air capture may not gain local social license to operate, especially in communities with previous negative experiences with industry.
Repeatedly experiencing the McGurk effect induces long-lasting changes in auditory speech perception
Authors: Magnotti John F. , Lado Anastasia , Zhang Yue , Maasø Arnt , Nath Audrey , Beauchamp Michael S.
Published: April 2024

In the McGurk effect, presentation of incongruent auditory and visual speech evokes a fusion percept different than either component modality. We show that repeatedly experiencing the McGurk effect for 14 days induces a change in auditory-only speech perception: the auditory component of the McGurk stimulus begins to evoke the fusion percept, even when presented on its own without accompanying visual speech. This perceptual change, termed fusion-induced recalibration (FIR), was talker-specific and syllable-specific and persisted for a year or more in some participants without any additional McGurk exposure. Participants who did not experience the McGurk effect did not experience FIR, showing that recalibration was driven by multisensory prediction error. A causal inference model of speech perception incorporating multisensory cue conflict accurately predicted individual differences in FIR. Just as the McGurk effect demonstrates that visual speech can alter the perception of auditory speech, FIR shows that these alterations can persist for months or years. The ability to induce seemingly permanent changes in auditory speech perception will be useful for studying plasticity in brain networks for language and may provide new strategies for improving language learning.
The structural evolution of CL-20-based energetic host–guest solvates at decomposition temperature according to the perceptions of THz spectroscopy
Authors: Shi Lu , Duan XiaoHui , Li Hongzhen
Published: April 2024

This work employed variable-temperature THz spectroscopy to analyze the structural evolution of host–guest energetic CL-20/H2O2 and CL-20/H2O solvates, as well as the mechanism of intermolecular interactions using DFT calculation and MD simulation.
211At on gold nanoparticles for targeted radionuclide therapy application
Authors: Tanudji Jeffrey , Kasai Hideaki , Okada Michio , Ogawa Tetsuo , Aspera Susan M. , Nakanishi Hiroshi
Published: April 2024

Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) using 211At–AuNP is a new and growing field of multidisciplinary research that would ultimately provide the medical community with another way to treat cancer.
Excited-state dynamics of 4-hydroxyisoindoline-1,3-dione and its derivative as fluorescent probes
Authors: Zhao Li , Jiang Simin , He Yanmei , Wu Luling , James Tony D. , Chen Junsheng
Published: April 2024

This study presents the excited-state dynamics of BHID-Bpin for peroxynitrite sensing by combining fs transient absorption and quantum chemical calculations. A conical intersection and an ESIPT process play key roles.
Review on strategies for improving the added value and expanding the scope of CO2 electroreduction products
Authors: Jiang Minghang , Wang Huaizhu , Zhu Mengfei , Luo Xiaojun , He Yi , Wang Mengjun , Wu Caijun , Zhang Liyun , Li Xiao , Liao Xuemei , Jiang Zhenju , Jin Zhong
Published: April 2024

This review summarizes promising strategies including the design of catalysts and the construction of coupled electrocatalytic reaction systems, aimed at achieving the selective production of various products from CO2 electroreduction.
Dietary supplementation with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC3201 alleviates sarcopenia by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites in dexamethasone-induced models
Authors: Kang Minkyoung , Kang Minji , Yoo Jiseon , Lee Juyeon , Lee Sujeong , Yun Bohyun , Song Minho , Kim Jun-Mo , Kim Hyung Wook , Yang Jungwoo , Kim Younghoon , Oh Sangnam
Published: April 2024

Effect of L. rhamnosus IDCC3201 on the skeletal muscle atrophy process by regulating metabolomic and gut microbiome alterations.
Preparation of nickel foam modified by multiwalled hollow spheres of NiCo2O4 as a promising non-enzymatic glucose sensor
Authors: Eprilia Nada , Sanjaya Afiten R. , Pramadewandaru Respati K. , Pertiwi Tiara A. H. , Putri Yulia M. T. A. , Rahmawati Isnaini , Dewi Beti E. , Krisnandi Yuni K. , Chung Hoeil , Ivandini Tribidasari A.
Published: April 2024

Nickel foam modified by hollow sphere NiCo2O4 particles was successfully prepared via a hydrothermal method. Investigation of the NiCo2O4-modified nickel foam as an electrode for the detection of glucose in sodium hydroxide solution showed high linearity of the anodic currents.
Influence of H+, OH− and salts on hydrophobic self-assembly
Authors: Judd Kenneth D. , Mendes de Oliveira Denilson , Urbina Andres S. , Ben-Amotz Dor
Published: April 2024

A combined experimental and theoretical analysis reveals the influence of aqueous ions on hydrophobic self-assembly, demonstrating that oils expel OH− but attract H+, and salts such as NaCl promote high-order self-assembly but not dimerization.
Facilitated explosion of nitro compounds confined in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Kim Eun-Young , Han Mingu , Kim Seong Han , Joe Hye Jung , Kim Seok Ki , Bae Youn-Sang , Moon Su-Young
Published: April 2024

TNT@MOF was prepared by confining 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) into a Cr-based metal–organic framework (MOF). Compared with raw TNT, the initiation activity of TNT@MOF was enhanced due to the interplay between the nitro group of TNT and the CUS of MOFs.
A chemodosimetric chemosensor for the ratiometric detection of nerve agent-mimic DCP in solution and vapor phases
Authors: Banerjee Shilpita , Ghosh Pintu , Karak Anirban , Banik Dipanjan , Mahapatra Ajit Kumar
Published: April 2024

The probe MNFZ undergoes a hydrolysis reaction in the presence of DCP to exhibit a naked eye color change from blue to cyan. It was successfully applied to sense DCP in the vapor phase.
Observation of spin-splitting energies on sp–d exchange interactions tailored in colloidal CdSe/CdMnS core/shell nanoplatelets: an atomistic tight-binding model
Authors: Sukkabot Worasak
Published: April 2024

Using atomistic tight-binding model plus sp-d exchange term, embedding of magnetic ions into CdSe/CdMnS core/shell NPLs at different effective temperatures resulted in sp-d exchange interactions, thus changing the electronic and magnetic properties.
Response of helielectric nematics under an in-plane electric field
Authors: Aya Satoshi , Xu Hao , Long Huaqian , Yiliu Muhan , Zou Yu , Huang Mingjun
Published: April 2024

The electric-field-driven dynamics of the emerging polar and chiral nematics, dubbed helielectric nematics, have been experimentally and numerically confirmed.
Synthesis and catalytic activity of single-site group V alkoxide complexes for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone
Authors: Peprah Frank , Tarantola Grace E. , Plaman Alyson S. , Vu Emily L. , Huynh Alyssa B. , Durr Christopher B.
Published: April 2024

The synthesis, characterization, and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) activity of a family of niobium and tantalum alkoxide catalysts was studied.
Effect of storage, temperature, and pH on the preservation of the oleuropein content of olive leaf extracts
Authors: Markhali Fereshteh Safarzadeh , Teixeira José A.
Published: April 2024

Effect of storage/thermal conditions on the oleuropein content of olive leaf extracts. The extracts obtained by ohmic heating show the maximum levels of oleuropein over different time points.
Vitamin D3exacerbates steatosis while calcipotriol inhibits inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease inSod1knockout mice: a comparative study of two forms of vitamin D
Authors: Yang Aolin , Chen Yanmei , Gao Yizhen , Lv Qingqing , Li Yao , Li Fengna , Yu Ruirui , Han Ziyu , Dai Shimiao , Zhu Junying , Yang Chenggang , Zhan Shi , Sun Litao , Zhou Ji-Chang
Published: April 2024

In a lean NAFLD mouse model, vitamin D3accentuated hepatic steatosis, while calcipotriol diminished inflammation; the reason may be their selective activation of VDR in hepatocytes and liver macrophages, respectively.
trans-Palmitoleic acid promotes adipose thermogenesis to reduce obesity via hypothalamic FFAR1 signaling
Authors: Zhan Huidong , Wang Wanjing , Ge Yueping , Liang Yixiao , Wang Jing , Xu Yang , Wu Shanshan , Peng Li , He Zhao
Published: April 2024

Dietary TG form TPA is digested or metabolized to free TPA and then act as a signaling molecule in the hypothalamus to increase adipose thermogenesis by activating the sympathetic nervous system. The effect of TPA on adipose thermogenesis relies on the hypothalamic FFAR1 signaling pathway.
A practical approach for enhanced biodiesel production using organic modified montmorillonites as efficient heterogeneous hybrid catalysts
Authors: He Lijuan , Chen Long , Nie Yingxia , He Minglu , Wu Guixiang , Li Yan , Tian Hanjing , Zhang Heng
Published: April 2024

Developing efficient and environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalysts for sustainable biodiesel preparation is considered a viable manner to meet global energy demand and alleviate environmental concerns.
Fabrication of a room-temperature NO2 gas sensor with high performance at the ppb level using an rGO/BiOCl heterostructure
Authors: Dhariwal Neeraj , Yadav Preety , Sanger Amit , Kang Sung Bum , Goyat M. S. , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Kumar Vinod
Published: April 2024

Fabricated a novel rGO/BiOCl heterojunction based NO2 sensor. It shows fast response and recovery of 9 s and 21 s, respectively, at room temperature. It shows a higher response (∼3.78 times) even at lower concentrations of NO2 gas.
pH-Responsive manganese sulfide nanotheranostics amplifying cGAS-STING activation for MRI-guided immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Tan Mingya , Fan Mengke , Zhao Zhenghuan , Peng Zhiping
Published: April 2024

A multifunctional manganese sulfide nanotheranostics has been prepared for magnetic resonance imaging, chemodynamic therapy and immunotherapy based on the cGAS-STING pathway.
High proficiency Ag/β-Ag2WO4/V3O4/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst for the actuation of C(OH)–H bond
Authors: Zolfi Fereshteh , Ghobadifard Mahdieh , Mohebbi Sajjad
Published: April 2024

Ag/β-Ag2WO4/V3O4/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared for the actuation of the C(OH)–H bond with a mechanistic point of view.
Temperature-dependent structural and optical properties of Sb-doped SnO2 nanoparticles and their electrochemical analysis for supercapacitor application
Authors: Ahmad Towseef , Ansari Mohd Zubair
Published: April 2024

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) play an important role in advanced energy harvesting and storage systems, as well as cutting-edge display technology.
Lanthanide-based nanomaterials for temperature sensing in the near-infrared spectral region: illuminating progress and challenges
Authors: Puccini Abigale , Liu Nan , Hemmer Eva
Published: April 2024

This review highlights recent advancements in the development of lanthanide (Ln3+)-based nanothermometers, focusing on those operating in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region and outlining key findings as well as remaining challenges.
Induction of autophagy-dependent and caspase- and microtubule-acetylation-independent cell death by phytochemical-stabilized gold nanopolygons in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Meher Kimaya , Radha Gudapureddy , Lopus Manu
Published: April 2024

The autophagy-dependent cell death mechanism induced by Bm-GNPs in HT29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.
Siloxane-containing phosphine (oxide) ligands for enhanced catalytic activity of cobalt complexes for hydrosilylation reactions
Authors: Liu Peng , Peng Jiajian , Bai Ying , Li Jiayun
Published: April 2024

A series of siloxane-containing phosphine (oxide) ligands have been designed and synthesized.
DMSO promoted catalyst-free oxidative C–N/C–O couplings towards synthesis of imidazoles and oxazoles
Authors: Bera Debasish , Sarkar Rajib , Dhar Tiyasa , Saha Pinaki , Ghosh Prasanta , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: April 2024

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-promoted catalyst-free oxidative C–N coupling and C–O coupling under oxidant-free conditions are outlined.
Industrial-scale feasibility for textile wastewater treatment via Photocatalysis-adsorption technology using black sand and UV lamp
Authors: Wagdy Rabab , Mubarak Mahmoud F. , Mohamed Rasha S. , El Shahawy Abeer
Published: April 2024

The pilot-scale filter system photocatalysis-adsorption technology using (black sand and UV lamp).
Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials-mediated detection of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Ouyang Ruizhuo , Geng Chongrui , Li Jun , Jiang Qiliang , Shen Hongyu , Zhang Yulong , Liu Xueyu , Liu Baolin , Wu Jingxiang , Miao Yuqing
Published: April 2024

This review summarizes the application of various photothermal materials in the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and describes the significance of CTCs detection for early tumor diagnosis and tumor prognosis.
Facile synthesis of a nitrogen-rich covalent organic framework for the efficient capture of iodine
Authors: Farooq Nowsheenah , Taha Abu , Hashmi Athar Adil
Published: April 2024

The effective containment and storage of iodine is important, fulfilling both the roles of managing nuclear waste and ensuring the safe utilization of radioactive isotopes in medicine.
Identifying lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate as a multifunctional electrolyte additive to enable high-voltage Li4Ti5O12 lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ka Ou , Cheng Fang , Wen Lang , Wang Xiaoqu , Wang Ting , Zeng Xinyu , Lu Wen , Dai Liming
Published: April 2024

Lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB) is identified as a multifunctional electrolyte additive, stabilizing the electrolyte and protecting the electrodes, to enable the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4//Li4Ti5O12 battery with an excellent performance at 3.50 V.
Modulating the localized electronic distribution of Cu species during reconstruction for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products
Authors: Li Zongmiao , Liu Zhu , Li Shiju , Pei Yuhou , Li Di , Mao Jiale , Zhou Rong , Qiu Chuntian , Lu Yingying , Zhang Bing
Published: April 2024

ZrO2 stabilized Cu+ can optimize *CO adsorption and promote the following C–C coupling to achieve 70+% FEC2+ in a wide potential range.
Nickel oxide electrochromic films: mechanisms, preparation methods, and modification strategies–a review
Authors: Zhao Fangyuan , Chen Tingting , Zeng Yu , Chen Jiarui , Zheng Jijie , Liu Yong , Han Gaorong
Published: April 2024

Research progress in NiO based electrochromic materials and devices.
Support vector machine with discriminative low‐rank embedding
Authors: Liang Guangfei , Lai Zhihui , Kong Heng
Published: April 2024

Support vector machine (SVM) is a binary classifier widely used in machine learning. However, neglecting the latent data structure in previous SVM can limit the performance of SVM and its extensions. To address this issue, the authors propose a novel SVM with discriminative low‐rank embedding (LRSVM) that finds a discriminative latent low‐rank subspace more suitable for SVM classification. The extension models of LRSVM are introduced by imposing different orthogonality constraints to prevent computational inaccuracies. A detailed derivation of the authors’ iterative algorithms are given that is essentially for solving the SVM on the low‐rank subspace. Additionally, some theorems and properties of the proposed models are presented by the authors. It is worth mentioning that the subproblems of the proposed algorithms are equivalent to the standard or the weighted linear discriminant analysis (LDA) problems. This indicates that the projection subspaces obtained by the authors’ algorithms are more suitable for SVM classification compared to those from the LDA method. The convergence analysis for the authors proposed algorithms are also provided. Furthermore, the authors conduct experiments on various machine learning data sets to evaluate the algorithms. The experiment results show that the authors’ algorithms perform significantly better than other algorithms, which indicates their superior abilities on classification tasks.
Dynamic symmetrization in a memristive HR neuron
Authors: Huang Keyu , Li Chunbiao , Li Yongxin , Lei Tengfei , Fu Haiyan
Published: April 2024

The significance of neuronal discharge symmetry lies in its reflection of the stability and orderliness within the neuron's activity. This symmetry is correlated with various issues, including the biophysical properties within neurons, network structures, and synaptic transmission. Memristors are highly analogous to neuronal synapses due to their unique memory properties, allowing them to emulate biological neural synapses. In this work, a memristor is employed into the Hindmarsh‐Rose (HR) neuron as a synapse for the construction of a memristive HR neuron. Accompanied with the introducing of the absolute value and signum function, the derived neurons exhibit complex coexisting symmetric firing patterns. The phenomenon of symmetric firing can effectively simulate the depolarization and hyperpolarization processes of neurons, providing a new approach to study the diversity of the brain.
A PU‐learning based approach for cross‐site scripting attacking reality detection
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Yi Peng , Xu Huikai
Published: April 2024

Cross‐site scripting (XSS) attack has been one of the most dangerous attacks in cyberspace security. Traditional methods essentially discover XSS attack by detecting malicious payloads in requests, which is unable to distinguish attacking attempts with the attacking reality. The authors collect responses from a web server and train a bagging‐based PU learning model to determine whether the XSS vulnerability is truly triggered. To validate the authors’ proposed framework, experiments are performed on 5 popular web applications with 11 specified CVE recorded vulnerabilities and 32 vulnerable inputs. Results show that the authors’ approach outperforms existing research studies, effectively identifies the attacking reality from attacking attempts, and meanwhile reduces the number of worthless security alarms.
Integrating visual language with architecture: Using VAS software to measure the coherence of pre-attentive vision
Authors: Hafedh Zahraa A. , Al-Guesbi Hassan
Published: April 2024

Visual language has evolved as a result of technological development over ages. The pre-attentive visual software (VAS) is a biometric technique that is used to simulate human eye movement, gaze sequence, and visual appeal at the first (3-5) seconds of responding. Hence, the pre-attentive response is the first objective phase that is shared by all. The second phase of human responses is related to the perception stage depending upon personal and subjective preferences. Post-perception represents the third phase of responding after evaluation and judgment. While the Gestalt theory focuses on the perception phase, we find that the (15) properties of wholeness for Christopher Alexander deal with the post-perception phase. It is claimed that pre-attentive vision, produced by (VAS), is the actual way to perceive the coherent whole. The experimental approach of testifying different, but unified and neutralized, images of residential facades by (VAS) shows that architectural elements and their visual relations act as a coherent whole that attract our attention. The research goals are: promote the idea of objective pre-attentive vision and its attractiveness. also It is a trail to predict the coherence of designs. Accordingly, it is suggested to use (VAS) as a sensitive, detective and reliable tool in architectural design, artificial intelligence, neurosciences technology, plastic surgeries… Further investigations in the field of architecture are recommended to develop a new language of visual structures.
Dynamic Path Planning using a modification Q-Learning Algorithm for a Mobile Robot
Authors: Fallooh Noor H. , Sadiq Ahmed T. , Abbas Eyad I. , hashim Ivan A.
Published: April 2024

Robot navigation involves a challenging task: path planning for a mobile robot operating in a changing environment. This work presents an enhanced Q-learning based path planning technique. For mobile robots operating in dynamic environments, an algorithm and a few heuristic searching techniques are suggested. Enhanced Q-learning employs a novel exploration approach that blends Boltzmann and ε-greedy exploration. Heuristic searching techniques are also offered in order to constrict the orientation angle variation range and narrow the search space. In the meantime, the robotics literature of the energy field notes that the decrease in orientation angle and path length is significant. A dynamic reward is suggested to help the mobile robot approach the target location in order to expedite the convergence of the Q-learning and shorten the computation time. There are two sections to the experiments: quick and reassured route planning. With quickly path planning, the mobile robot can reach the objective with the best path length, and with secure path planning, it can avoid obstacles. The superior performance of the suggested strategy is quick and reassured 8-connection Q-learning (Q8CQL) was validated by simulations, comparing it to classical Q-learning and other planning methods in terms of time taken and ideal path.
Digitization, and Coding, with Optimizing, of Iraqi Personnel Home Addresses forward, minimizing Storage Space, and Processing time
Authors: Al-Mayali Yahya Mahdi Hadi , Al-Mayali Zahraa Yahya Mahdi
Published: April 2024

Individual Home Address is considered as an important sub set of attributes, and never find personnel record, whether a person is student, patient, or employee, etc. without having a home address. It is required to be recorded, registered, and documented in all personnel information systems, whether the system is manual or computerized. This research concern on the Coding, and Digitization of home address of Iraqi personnel in order to enhancing storage efficiency and reduce processing time. The conventional method of maintaining paper-based records for personnel home addresses has proven to be costly, and timeconsuming, and in most cases inefficient. The proposed solution involves the conversion of physical addresses into digital formats, allowing for streamlined data storage and faster retrieval, and update processes. The work starting by indicate the current challenges related to the paper-based address systems, including the demands on physical storage space and the delays incurred during information retrieval. Subsequently, it explores the potential benefits of digitizing home addresses, such as reduced storage requirements, improved data accessibility, and enhanced overall organizational efficiency. To implement this digitization process, the research investigates various technological solutions, including geographic information systems (GIS), databases, and data management protocols. The study also addresses potential concerns related to data security and privacy, proposing measures to safeguard sensitive information. The proposed solution for Digitization, Coding, with Optimizing the Personnel Home Address provide at least 85% of Optimizing Factor for each individual personnel record required storage space and processing time, this solution subsequently leed to better daily decision-making process in most business organizations.
Survey Study Image Cryptography System
Authors: Raid Rahman Fatima , K Baheeja , Salih May A.
Published: April 2024

Encryption is vital for data security, converting information into an unreadable format to ensure privacy in online communication and sensitive sectors. Advanced encryption balances innovation and security in user-friendly applications. Image encryption employs techniques to protect image data from unauthorized access during transmission or storage, particularly crucial for safeguarding sensitive images in various applications. The goal is to prevent unauthorized access and ensure the safety of associated information. In this paper, I present a study on previous research related to my investigation, which focuses on encryption in general and image encryption in particular. The paper also discusses the methods used, particularly those closely related to my work, involving either SHA-256, MD5, or a combination of both. The review will look at the many strategies and techniques employed, as well as how precisely the task was completed by applying a set of parameters in comparison to earlier studies.
Skin Melanoma Diagnosis Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning with Optimization Techniques: Survey
Authors: Kadeem Zhraa B. , Mosa Qusay O.
Published: April 2024

Skin cancer is regarded as one of the most perilous forms of cancer and is recognized as a leading contributor to mortality worldwide. The likelihood of fatalities can be diminished significantly if skin cancer is identified at an early stage. Among the various types of skin cancer, melanoma stands out due to its remarkably high fatality rates. This is primarily attributed to its propensity to metastasize to other bodily regions if not promptly detected and treated. The process of diagnosing melanoma is notably intricate, even for seasoned dermatologists, primarily due to the extensive morphological diversity observed in patients’ moles. Consequently, the automated diagnosis of melanoma presents a formidable challenge that necessitates the development of proficient computational techniques capable of facilitating diagnosis, thereby assisting dermatologists in their decision-making process. In this study, we meticulously examined the most recent scientific papers on melanoma diagnosis, specifically focusing on applying deep learning and machine learning techniques in conjunction with optimization techniques.
Technical, Economic, and Environmental Analysis of Solar System with Management Considering Flexible Energy Sources in an Educational Building
Authors: Aljaberi Adiy , Alwaeli Muhammed F. , Al-Anbagi Mohammed
Published: April 2024

Decades of persistent power outages in Iraq have triggered economic, environmental, and technical woes. Building-integrated solar energy offers a compelling solution. This study explores the viability of a hybrid system combining renewable and conventional sources to power an educational building. Technical and economic analyses using SAM software identified a (PV-DG-Battery-Grid) HES with 5.6kW PV, 400kW DG, 5.5kW inverter, and battery bank as the most feasible, optimal, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly option. Further analysis assessed the impact of factors like solar radiation, fuel price, battery state of charge, cost of energy, performance, and CO2 reduction. Solar panels are estimated to generate 10,210 MWh/year. This research promotes the shift towards renewable energy integration in Iraqi buildings, supporting improved energy management and a more sustainable future.
The Influence of Ring Roads on Traffic Characteristics in Urban Cities
Authors: Abid zaid Al-Mousawi Hassan , Vein Leong lee , Al-Jameel Hamid
Published: April 2024

Constructing ring roads is a traditional approach to alleviating traffic congestion in urban areas and enhancing road capacity. However, this solution is frequently inefficient in the long run. This study investigates different strategies for managing traffic congestion in urban areas and evaluates their efficacy. The text examines three situations where various methods were employed to address traffic congestion issues. These strategies are categorized into three distinct categories. The initial concept encompasses substantial engineering interventions, such as the establishment of ring roads, the creation of new roadways, and the enlargement of preexisting roads. Many cities are implementing push-and-pull strategies to optimize existing capacities and promote environmentally friendly transportation alternatives, thereby reducing car usage. These strategies include promoting public transportation, cycling, and walking, as well as modifying urban land use patterns to minimize the need for people to travel. These methods are successful in delivering long-lasting transportation solutions. Nevertheless, more than push-pull strategies are needed to adequately address traffic congestion, necessitating extensive engineering interventions to expand road capacity, particularly in cases of severe traffic in urban areas. The integration of these methods is categorized as the third principle. The utilization of ring roads also gives rise to numerous novel challenges, particularly in metropolitan areas. The predominant issue lies in the unregulated expansion of houses (urban sprawl) and inadequate public transportation. The problems identified of significant magnitude include Interconnectivity between different regions, the point where ring roads intersect, accessibility to housing, settlement amenities, and social challenges. The study determined that the third concept to tackle traffic congestion could be the most efficient approach for constructing ring roads in urban areas. To address the difficulties involved in the construction and development of circular roads, it would be beneficial to establish an organization that facilitates coordination among all stakeholders involved in the development of ring roads right from the outset. Urban Planning Directorates at the governorate level are responsible for carrying out this work in urban cities. In addition, rigorous enforcement of laws is also crucial for achieving desired goal.
Valuation of Bus Characteristics in Urban Area: Al-Najaf as a Case Study
Authors: Salim Abd Ibtihal , Athab Al-Jameel Hamid
Published: April 2024

Increased population, the rapid growth of vehicles owned, and quick land-use shifts have resulted in an abnormal rise in trips generated and directed to and from the activities area; the occurrence of traffic congestion in different segments of the transportation network leads to extended travel time, resulting in inconvenience and discontent among individuals. It has become necessary to provide alternative transportation systems, as city residents need faster, safer, and more comfortable transportation systems. This study aims to evaluate current public transport in Najaf city and propose a bus line based on international standards as an alternative transport means in al-Najaf city and its effectiveness. Sustainable performance indicators were evaluated based on previous studies, such as traffic congestion, travel time, sustainability, and reliability. Where Traffic flow rates indicate high congestion streets, as flow rates reached 6228 (Veh. /hr.) at Karbala-Najaf Street. The more increase in flow rates the more defect in the network, and the journey time increases reached 30 minutes at Kufa-Najaf Street (8,5) km. The data of traffic mix from most of urban roads have been determined. The results of studies stated that Public The forms of transportation in the city of Najaf are generally represented by several routes starting from the Najaf internal garage and passing through small buses. These routes do not cover the entire city and the actual need for people. The percentage of transport buses and minibuses is about 0.8% and 10%, respectively. The public transport in the city is not managed by any policies and has no schedule times for travels with no considerations for passengers' comfort which indicate that public transport sector in the city of Najaf is significantly poor.
Adaptive Reuse (AR) of Historical and Heritage Buildings Through Concepts of Addition and Expansion
Authors: Abbas Munshed Zainab , Saleh Ashour Ammar
Published: April 2024

With the emergence of significant changes occurring rapidly in all aspects of life, and their profound impact on job transformation and evolution, there is a necessity for adaptively reusing existing buildings (whether heritage, historical, or modern) to accommodate these new variables through the realization of expansion and addition concepts, whether horizontally or vertically, internally or externally. A set of global experiments has demonstrated various methods and strategies for adapting the reuse of different buildings, which were in urgent need of addition and expansion in various forms to meet the evolving requirements and emerging needs. These experiences can be studied and analyzed to derive key indicators that can be applied to future local experiments.The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach by reviewing and analyzing previous studies first. It then studies the essential concepts related to the research (assumed building lifespan, expansion, addition, as well as adaptive reuse). Subsequently, a group of global experiments applying these concepts is studied and analyzed to extract essential indicators that can be applied to the local case study, represented by the historic Qishla building. The research concludes with a set of findings.Through the analysis of previous studies, the research identified the research problem as "the lack of knowledge and local studies and applications regarding adaptive reuse for historical and heritage buildings, even modern ones, through expansion and addition processes of all types used in them. The research emphasizes the importance of reassessing global experiences that practically achieved the concepts of addition and expansion and choosing successful strategies for future addition and expansion of local buildings in need of enhancement to meet new requirements and contemporary spirit. The study yielded several conclusions, among which is the acknowledgment that each building has an assumed lifespan (at the technical, functional, and economic levels) that requires adaptive reuse through horizontal and vertical expansion and addition, whether at the structural or spatial levels, above, inside, or adjacent to the building. The appropriate strategy should be selected for each building based on its function, chronological age, social significance, available space inside and around it, while preserving its value and style. This was observed during the analysis of the historic Qishla building in Baghdad. This study serves as a valuable resource for architects, urban development planners, and policymakers seeking to understand and implement adaptive reuse with thoughtful additions to buildings in their different contexts. The indicators derived from the research can also be applied to a range of Iraqi buildings in need of adaptive reuse.
Comparative Study of Tumor Growth Based on Single Species Models
Authors: Sabah Hassan Sokaina , Al-Saedi Hayder M.
Published: April 2024

Although the ideal way to simulate tumour development is still unknown, mathematical models are often employed to forecast how cancer will advance and how treatments will be developed. Five alternative ordinary differential Equation (ODE) models of tumour development have been proposed: exponential, logistic, Allee effect, Gompertz, and Bertalanffy. The problem is no consensus exists on the best model for a given cancer type. Using a sample dataset, we compared how these quantities differ depending on the growth model chosen. Equations were developed to determine the largest possible size of the tumour and the least level of chemotherapy needed for suppressing the tumour.
Forecasting Monthly Export Price of Sugarcane in India Using Sarima Modelling
Authors: Ramadhan Ali J. , Krishna Priya S. R. , Razzaq Abbas Noor , Kausalya N. , Yadav Shikha , Mishra Pradeep , Abotaleb Mostafa , Alkattan Hussein
Published: April 2024

Sugarcane is the primary agricultural industry that sustains and promotes economic growth in India. In 2018, the majority of India's sugarcane production, specifically 79.9%, was allocated for the manufacturing of white sugar. A smaller portion, 11.29%, was used to produce jaggery, while 8.80% was utilized as seed and feed components. A total of 840.16 million metric tonnes of cane sugar was shipped in the year 2019. The primary objective of this research is to determine the most suitable forecasting model for predicting the monthly export price of sugarcane in India. The input consists of a time series with 240 monthly observations of the export price of sugarcane in India, spanning from January 1993 to December 2013. The SARIMA approach was employed to predict the monthly export price of sugarcane and it is concluded that the SARIMA (0, 1, 1), (0, 0, 0)12 model is the best-fitted one by the expert modeler method. As a result, the fitted model appears to be adequate. The RMSE and MAPE statistics are used to analyze the precision of the model.
Silicon carbide synthesis in a solar oven from natural raw materials
Authors: Kodirov Bekhzod , Rayimkulova Charos , Kholmurodova Dilafruz , Turgunov Davron
Published: April 2024

The processes of synthesis of silicon carbide from natural mineral raw materials - diatomite mixed with coke (or coal, or graphite) have been studied. High-temperature heating was carried out using a flow of concentrated solar radiation (CSI) of high density (200 W/cm 2 ). The mixture was placed in a graphite crucible mounted on the focal zone of the Large Solar Furnace. The crucible with the material sample after irradiation with the XI flow was cooled in an arbitrary manner for 30 minutes. The analysis showed that such a diffraction pattern is due to the presence of three phases - silicon carbide β- SiC with a cubic system with lattice parameters a = 4.36 A and α- SiC with a hexagonal lattice with parameters a = 3.07 A c = 15.11 A, as well as graphite C of the hexagonal system.
Bantul's renewable energy potential: mapping the path to successful electricity transition
Authors: Setiartiti Lilies , Mubarrok Wafiyulloh
Published: April 2024

In the context of providing sustainable energy, it is necessary to expand access to reliable and affordable sources of energy supply. In other hand to restore confidence in the renewable energy sector, and ensure the sustainability of renewable energy projects in the future, it is very important to map the renewable energy potential. PLN, as the official institution appointed by the government to manage electricity in Indonesia, has not been able to meet the needs of the people of Bantul Regency for electricity as a whole. This study aims to provide some insights of identify various types and potential of renewable energy in Bantul Regency as an alternative to electricity generation. The research methodology was carried out quantitatively using primary data, obtained by field survey. Through the process of identification and gathering pertinent data, an evaluation is conducted to estimate the potential of electrical energy derived from a variety of renewable energy sources.
Detecting mobile objects with ai using edge detection and background subtraction techniques
Authors: Zulunov Ravshan , Soliyev Bakhrom , Kayumov Ahror , Asraev Mukhammadmullo , Musayev Khurshid , Abdurasulova Dilnoza
Published: April 2024

This study explores the mathematical foundations integral to the training process of YOLO (You Only Look Once), a prominent object detection algorithm in computer vision. Key mathematical concepts, including bounding box representation, Intersection over Union (IoU) calculations, Mean Squared Error (MSE) for objectness prediction, Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) for post-processing, and learning rate scheduling, are elucidated. This article shows the use of a number of methods for obtaining effective results of moving objects in the YOLO library working in the Python programming language. It is provided with the optimal options of the program codes for the optimal results. Exploring anchor boxes, backpropagation, and data augmentation reveals their crucial role in refining YOLO's accuracy and generalization. This evolution showcases YOLO's transition from basic frame discrimination to advanced models adept at dynamic scene handling. Emphasizing practical implications, it underscores YOLO's effectiveness in real-time object detection across diverse applications.