bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate in the decoppering phase treatment of Wilson's disease with neurological symptoms: A case series
Authors: De Fabregues Oriol , Viñas Jaume , Palasí Antoni , Quintana Manuel , Cardona Ignasi , Auger Cristina , Vargas Víctor
Published: March 2020

Objectives

To present our experience with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM) in the decoppering phase treatment of Wilson's disease (WD) with neurological symptoms.

Methods

An uncontrolled longitudinal study was carried out to describe a case series of five patients diagnosed of WD with neurological symptoms in our hospital over the last 5 years and receiving ATTM for 8 (or 16) weeks. Unified Wilson's Disease Rating Scale (UWDRS), Global Assessment Scale (GAS) for WD and the Brewer‐adapted Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) for WD, magnetic resonance imaging, and monitoring for potential adverse effects were carried out in all patients before starting ATTM and 3 months later when ATTM was stopped and zinc treatment was initiated.

Results

All five patients presented neurological clinical improvement in UWDRS, GAS, and Brewer‐adapted UHDRS for WD. Neuroimaging improvement was present in 2/5 patients with brain edema reduction. Mild anemia, leukopenia, and elevation of transaminases were detected in 1 patient, with complete remission after stopping ATTM for 1 week and then restarting at a half dose.

Conclusion

ATTM could be a good treatment for the initial treatment of WD with neurological symptoms due to its high efficacy, with a lower rate of neurological deterioration than the drugs currently available, despite the potential adverse effects.
Influence of sitting behaviors on sleep disturbance and memory impairment in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Ehlers Diane K. , Fanning Jason , Sunderlage Alexis , Severson Joan , Kramer Arthur F. , McAuley Edward
Published: March 2020

Background

The purpose was to prospectively examine the effects of sedentary behaviors on subjective memory impairment in breast cancer survivors (BCS) and the extent to which sleep disturbances mediated this pathway.

Methods

BCS (N = 380; Mage = 57.38 ± 9.25 years) completed questionnaires assessing demographics, health history, sitting behaviors, sleep disturbance, subjective memory impairment, and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up. A subsample (N = 300) wore an accelerometer to objectively estimate sedentary time and MVPA. Structural equation modeling was used to test direct and indirect effects of self‐reported and objectively estimated sedentary behaviors on memory impairment (through sleep disturbance) across time. Models were adjusted for demographic, clinical, and MVPA covariates.

Results

At baseline, more total daily sitting (γ = 0.23), occupational sitting (γ = 0.11), television viewing (γ = 0.15), and computer use (γ = 0.22) were associated with greater sleep disturbance, which was associated with greater memory impairment (γ = −0.22). Indirect effects of self‐reported sitting on memory were significant. At follow‐up, increased total daily sitting (γ = 0.08) and computer use (γ = 0.14) predicted increased sleep disturbance, which predicted increased memory impairment (γ = −0.09). The indirect path from increased computer use to memory impairment was significant (β = −0.01). In the accelerometer subsample, greater daily sedentary time at baseline was associated with less sleep disturbance (γ = −0.14) and memory impairment (indirect effect: β = 0.03).

Conclusions

Findings provide early evidence that sedentary contexts may differentially influence sleep disturbance and memory impairment in BCS. Computer use and television viewing may pose the strongest risks to cognitive health. Disparate findings between objective and subjective sedentary measures warrant further research.
Rigidifying Ag(I) Complexes for Selective Nitrene Transfer
Authors: Huang Minxue , Paretsky Jon , Schomaker Jennifer M.
Published: March 2020

One of the challenges in achieving tunable and predictable C−H bond amidation via silver‐catalyzed nitrene transfer (NT) is the conformational flexibility and dynamic nature of many Ag(I) complexes. This fluxional behavior can make it difficult to obtain a clear understanding of the factors responsible for influencing the site‐selectivity of the amidation event. Mechanistic studies on related systems suggest that π⋅⋅⋅π and Ag⋅⋅⋅π interactions play important roles in altering the preference for nitrene transfer at sites adjacent to π systems, including benzylic, allylic, and propargylic C−H bonds. In this paper, we report a Ag(I) catalyst designed to improve the preference for reaction at benzylic, allylic, and propargylic C−H bonds over more electron‐rich tertiary alkyl C(sp3)−H bonds by enhancing non‐covalent interactions. Rigidifying a flexible tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine ligand scaffold by tying back the sp3 nitrogen into a piperidine ring strengthened non‐covalent interactions between the π‐containing substituents on the substrate and the pyridine arm of the catalyst and improved the site‐selectivity of the nitrene transfer event.
Insights into Transition Metal Phosphate Materials for Efficient Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Hui , Yuan Zhong‐Yong
Published: March 2020

Over the past decade, transition metal phosphate materials have attracted enormous interest for various functional devices. In addition to being low‐cost, earth‐abundant and environmentally benign, transition metal phosphates have several unique advantages including high stability, unique chemical/physical characteristics and tunable multifunctionality, making them ideally suited for advanced highly‐efficiency energy conversion and storage applications. In this Review, the synthetic strategies for transition metal phosphates are summarized, and the most recent advances in the development of transition metal phosphates are described for efficient electrocatalysis such as oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions, highlighting the impact of their morphologies and structures on the electrochemical performance and practical applications in overall water splitting and rechargeable metal‐air batteries. Finally, the challenges facing the development of transition metal phosphates in the field of energy conversion and storage are outlined, together with directions of further research and perspectives.
Iron‐ and Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene‐Based Catalysts for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Sibul Roberta , Kibena‐Põldsepp Elo , Ratso Sander , Kook Mati , Sougrati Moulay Tahar , Käärik Maike , Merisalu Maido , Aruväli Jaan , Paiste Päärn , Treshchalov Alexey , Leis Jaan , Kisand Vambola , Sammelselg Väino , Holdcroft Steven , Jaouen Frédéric , Tammeveski Kaido
Published: March 2020

A simple synthesis method was used to prepare an active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst based on iron and nitrogen co‐doped graphene for polymer electrolyte fuel cell applications. For the synthesis of the ORR catalysts, two different graphene‐based materials, commercially available graphene (Gra) and graphene oxide (GO), were used as the carbon substrates. The half‐cell experiments conducted by using the rotating disc electrode (RDE) method revealed that Fe−N−Gra showed much higher ORR electrocatalytic activity than Fe−N−GO in alkaline medium. This is attributed to the higher surface area, micro‐/mesoporous nature and larger amount of Fe‐Nx/amine moieties present in Fe−N−Gra compared to Fe−N−GO, as shown by different physicochemical methods. Almost half of the iron was confirmed to be in highly active Fe‐Nx form by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. Thus, the Fe−N−Gra as ORR catalyst was further selected to apply this for both proton exchange membrane (PEM) and anion exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cell tests.
Comparing the Performance of Nb2O5 Composites with Reduced Graphene Oxide and Amorphous Carbon in Li‐ and Na‐Ion Electrochemical Storage Devices
Authors: Han Xianying , Russo Patrícia A. , Triolo Claudia , Santangelo Saveria , Goubard‐Bretesché Nicolas , Pinna Nicola
Published: March 2020

Two‐dimensional (2D) reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is often combined with metal oxides for energy‐storage applications, owing to its unique properties. Here, we compare the electrochemical performance of Nb2O5‐rGO and amorphous carbon‐coated‐Nb2O5 composites, synthesized in similar conditions. The composite made of Nb2O5 and amorphous carbon (using 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene as carbon source) outperforms the Nb2O5‐rGO counterpart as a high rate anode electrode material in Li‐ion and Na‐ion half‐cells and hybrid supercapacitors, delivering specific capacities of 134 mAh g−1 at 25 C against 98 mAh g−1 for the rGO‐based composite (in Li electrolyte) and 125 mAh g−1 at 20 C against 98 mAh g−1 (in Na electrolyte). The organic molecules, which are the precursor of the amorphous carbon, control the size and coat the metal oxide particles more efficiently, leading to more extensive carbon‐oxide contacts, which benefits the energy‐storage performance.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production by Hybrid Streptavidin‐Diiron Catalysts
Authors: Roy Anindya , Vaughn Michael D. , Tomlin John , Booher Garrett J. , Kodis Gerdenis , Simmons Chad R. , Allen James P. , Ghirlanda Giovanna
Published: March 2020

Hybrid protein–organometallic catalysts are being explored for selective catalysis of a number of reactions, because they utilize the complementary strengths of proteins and of organometallic complex. Herein, we present an artificial hydrogenase, StrepH2, built by incorporating a biotinylated [Fe–Fe] hydrogenase organometallic mimic within streptavidin. This strategy takes advantage of the remarkable strength and specificity of biotin‐streptavidin recognition, which drives quantitative incorporation of the biotinylated diironhexacarbonyl center into streptavidin, as confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. FTIR spectra of StrepH2 show characteristic peaks at shift values indicative of interactions between the catalyst and the protein scaffold. StrepH2 catalyzes proton reduction to hydrogen in aqueous media during photo‐ and electrocatalysis. Under photocatalytic conditions, the protein‐embedded catalyst shows enhanced efficiency and prolonged activity compared to the isolated catalyst. Transient absorption spectroscopy data suggest a mechanism for the observed increase in activity underpinned by an observed longer lifetime for the catalytic species FeIFe0 when incorporated within streptavidin compared to the biotinylated catalyst in solution.
Bright Luminous and Stable CsPbBr3@PS Microspheres Prepared via Facile Anti‐solvent Method using CTAB as Double Modifier
Authors: Zhou Juan , Lin Husitu , Yu Yingchun , Zuo Shengli , Li Baoshan , Liu Jianjun
Published: March 2020

The past decade has witnessed the increasing interest in cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) for their excellent optical properties with higher photoluminescence efficiency and tunable emission wavelengths widely applied in white LED, photovoltaic devices, etc. Here we report the preparation of CsPbBr3 PQDs by a facile anti‐solvent method using conventional quaternary ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a double modifier—both proper alkyl group protection and bromine source donator. The as‐formed PQDs are well‐monodispersed cubes with a size of 10–15 nm and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of up to 43 %. To enhance the stability of PQDs, CsPbBr3@PS microspheres were formed by electrospraying process. The microspheres not only show excellent luminous properties, but exhibit much higher stability against air and UV light irradiation due to the super hydrophobic property of polystyrene.
Reversible N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Induced α‐H Abstraction in Tungsten(VI) Imido Dialkyl Dialkoxide Complexes
Authors: Musso Janis V. , Benedikter Mathis J. , Wang Dongren , Frey Wolfgang , Altmann Hagen J. , Buchmeiser Michael R.
Published: March 2020

The first reversible N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) induced α‐H abstraction in tungsten(VI) imido‐dialkyl dialkoxide complexes is reported. Treatment of W(NAr)(CH2Ph)2(OtBu)2 (Ar=2,6‐dichlorophenyl, 2,6‐dimethylphenyl, 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) with different NHCs leads to the formation of complexes of the type W(NAr)(CHPh)(NHC)(CH2Ph)(OtBu) in excellent isolated yields of up to 96 %. The highly unusual release of the tert‐butoxide ligand as tBuOH in the course of the reaction was observed. The formed alkylidene complexes and tBuOH are in an equilibrium with the NHC and the dialkyl complexes. Reaction kinetics were monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A correlation between the steric and electronic properties of the NHC and the reaction rates was observed. Kinetics of a deuterium‐labeled complex in comparison to its non‐deuterated counterpart revealed the presence of a strong primary kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 4.2, indicating that α‐H abstraction is the rate‐determining step (RDS) of the reaction.
Pinoresinol‐lariciresinol reductase: Substrate versatility, enantiospecificity, and kinetic properties
Authors: Hwang Julianne K. , Moinuddin Syed G.A. , Davin Laurence B. , Lewis Norman G.
Published: March 2020

Two western red cedar pinoresinol‐lariciresinol reductase (PLR) homologues were studied to determine their enantioselective, substrate versatility, and kinetic properties. PLRs are downstream of dirigent protein engendered, coniferyl alcohol derived, stereoselective coupling to afford entry into the 8‐ and 8′‐linked furofuran lignan, pinoresinol. Our investigations showed that each PLR homolog can enantiospecifically metabolize different furofuran lignans with modified aromatic ring substituents, but where phenolic groups at both C4/C4′ are essential for catalysis. These results are consistent with quinone methide intermediate formation in the PLR active site. Site‐directed mutagenesis and kinetic measurements provided additional insight into factors affecting enantioselectivity and kinetic properties. From these data, PLRs can be envisaged to allow for the biotechnological potential of generation of various lignan skeleta, that could be differentially “decorated” on their aromatic ring substituents, via the action of upstream dirigent proteins.
Schnelle Abschätzung des Durchbruchsverhaltens von konkurrierend adsorbierenden Komponenten
Authors: Seidel‐Morgenstern Andreas
Published: March 2020

Ein wichtiges und weit verbreitetes Trennverfahren ist die selektive Adsorption in Festbettadsorbern. Eine wesentliche Aufgabe bei der Auslegung ist die zuverlässige Vorhersage von Durchbruchskurven. Ziel dieses Beitrags in der Rubrik „Gewusst wie: Probleme aus der Praxis elegant gelöst” ist die schnelle Abschätzung der Position von Druchbruchskurven in Festbettadsorbern. Anhand zweier Literaturbeispiele wird zunächst das Durchbruchsverhalten von Einzelstoffen und Gemischen illustriert und dann die Gleichgewichtstheorie der Adsorption erläutert. Das Potenzial dieser Theorie zur Vorhersage von mittleren Retentionszeiten und durch Konkurrenz erzeugten Zwischenplateaus wird demonstriert.
Sensitivity of cervico‐vaginal cytology in endometrial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Frias‐Gomez Jon , Benavente Yolanda , Ponce Jordi , Brunet Joan , Ibáñez Raquel , Peremiquel‐Trillas Paula , Baixeras Nuria , Zanca Alba , Piulats Josep Maria , Aytés Álvaro , Matias‐Guiu Xavier , Bosch Francesc Xavier , de Sanjosé Silvia , Alemany Laia , Costas Laura ,   the Screenwide Team
Published: March 2020

Cervico‐vaginal cytology is primarily a cervical cancer screening test. The anatomical continuity of the uterine cavity with the cervix makes the Papanicolaou (Pap) test accessible to evaluate signs of disease shed from the endometrium. Our aim was to determine the sensitivity of routine Pap test in endometrial carcinoma detection and its relationship with clinico‐pathologic factors. We performed a systematic review of studies reporting Pap test results prior to diagnosis of or surgery for endometrial carcinoma between 1990 and 2018 in PubMed or Web of Science. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality using an adapted Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. We identified 45 studies including a total of 6599 women with endometrial cancer. Abnormal Pap test results prior to diagnosis of or surgery for endometrial carcinoma were observed in 45% (95% CI, 40%‐50%) of study participants. This percentage was significantly higher among those of non‐endometrioid histology compared with endometrioid subtypes (77% [95% CI, 66%‐87%] vs 44% [95% CI, 34%‐53%], respectively; P heterogeneity <.001). Several clinico‐pathologic factors were related to a higher percentage of abnormal Pap test results, including high‐stage, myometrial invasion >50%, high histological grade, positive peritoneal cytology, presence of lymph node metastasis, cervical involvement, and lymphovascular invasion (P heterogeneity <.05 for all variables). Routine cervical cytology can detect endometrial cancer in almost half of patients, whereas sensitivity is higher among individuals with non‐endometrioid histology or more advanced cancers. This review summarizes the current clinical and prognostic value of cervical cytology in endometrial carcinoma. Recent technological developments using molecular biomarkers may improve accuracy for early cancer detection.
Mucopenetrating Zwitterionic Micelles
Authors: Taipaleenmäki Essi , Brodszkij Edit , Städler Brigitte
Published: March 2020

The intestinal mucus layer remains a challenging biological barrier to cross for nanoformulations. We report the assembly of zwitterionic micelles with 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine as the zwitterionic entity in the corona‐forming part of the amphiphilic block copolymers. These ca. 200 nm micelles do not have inherent cytotoxicity in Caco‐2 cells for a 24 h incubation time. The time‐resolved crossing of the mucus layer in Caco‐2/HT29‐MTX‐E12 co‐cultures of these spherical micelles with narrow polydispersity is shown.
SERU: A cascaded SE‐ResNeXT U‐Net for kidney and tumor segmentation
Authors: Xie Xiuzhen , Li Lei , Lian Sheng , Chen Shaohao , Luo Zhiming
Published: March 2020

According to statistics, kidney cancer is one of the most deadly cancer. An early and accurate diagnosis can significantly increase the cure rate. Accurate segmentation of kidney tumors in CT images plays an important role in kidney cancer diagnosis. However, it is a challenging task due to many different aspects, such as low contrast, irregular motion, diverse shapes, and sizes. For solving this issue, we proposed a SE‐ResNeXT U‐Net (SERU) model in this study, which takes the advantages of SE‐Net, ResNeXT and U‐Net. Besides, we implement our model in a coarse‐to‐fine manner to utilize the information of context and key slices from the left and right kidney. We train and test our method on the KiTS19 Challenge. Experimental results demonstrate that our model can achieve promising results.
Carbon Nanomembranes from Aromatic Carboxylate Precursors
Authors: Dementyev Petr , Naberezhnyi Daniil , Westphal Michael , Buck Manfred , Gölzhäuser Armin
Published: March 2020

Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) serve as convenient platform for fabricating carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) of extended lateral dimensions. Highly porous CNMs are emerging as interesting materials for membrane technologies as they exhibit selectivity for water permeation and, owing to their reduced dimensionality, promise increased energy efficiency compared to established systems. In the present study terphenylcarboxylate SAMs, prepared on silver underpotential deposited on Au and irradiated by 100 eV electrons, were successfully converted into free‐standing CNMs. Infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal pronounced chemical changes both of the anchoring carboxylate moiety and the aromatic backbone upon electron irradiation. Permeation studies showed high specificity for water as demonstrated by the separation from tetrahydrofuran. Compared to thiols on gold, the standard CNM precursor system, the carboxylic acid based SAM exhibits equivalent characteristics. This suggests that electron‐induced carbonization is insensitive to the particular choice of the anchor moiety and, therefore, the choice of precursor molecules can be extended to the versatile class of aromatic carboxylic acids.
Synthesis of Exo‐ and Endocyclic Enamides Through Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective Intramolecular N‐Halovinylation
Authors: Gilbert Nicolas , Ricard Simon , Bergeron Jodrey , Lambolez Pierre , Daoust Benoit
Published: March 2020

Cross‐couplings between amides and 1,2‐dihaloalkenes are an efficient and straightforward way to access β‐haloenamides which, in turn, can be functionalized into complex, stereodefined enamide motifs. However, the intramolecular version of these cross‐couplings, leading to cyclic β‐haloenamides, has not been formally studied. In this paper, we report an investigation of factors affecting the efficiency of the reaction and its selectivity between potential exo and endo cyclization products. We demonstrate that exo/endo selectivity is largely determined by ring strain, whether it arises from the size of the resulting ring or from the structure of the starting compound, but that selectivity can also be modulated by varying reaction conditions. Finally, we show that resulting β‐haloenamides readily undergo transition metal‐catalyzed reactions, making this sequence a viable way to access highly functionalized cyclic enamides.
Short‐Chained Anthracene Strapped Porphyrins and their Endoperoxides
Authors: Callaghan Susan , Flanagan Keith J. , O'Brien John E. , Senge Mathias O.
Published: March 2020

The syntheses of short‐chained anthracene‐strapped porphyrins and their Zn(II)complexes are reported. The key synthetic step is a [2+2] condensation between a dipyrromethane and an anthracene bisaldehyde, 2,2'‐((anthracene‐9,10‐diylbis(methylene))bis(oxy))dibenzaldehyde. Following exposure to white light, self‐sensitized singlet oxygen and the anthracene moieties underwent [4+2] cycloaddition reactions to yield the corresponding endoperoxides. 1H NMR studies demonstrate that the endoperoxide readily formed in [D]chloroform and decayed at 85 °C. X‐ray crystallography and absorption spectroscopy were used to confirm macrocyclic distortion in the parent strapped porphyrins and endoperoxides. Additionally, X‐ray crystallography indicated that endoperoxide formation occurred exclusively on the outside face of the anthracene moiety.
Synthesis of Cysteine Modified MoS2 Nanocomposite: A Biocompatible Electrochemical Sensor Material and its Application to the Determination of Antidiabetic Dapagliflozin
Authors: Ateş Ali Kemal , Çelikkan Hüseyin , Erk Nevin
Published: March 2020

Herein, for the first time, a new generation cysteine modified MoS2 (Cys@MoS2) based electrochemical sensor was reported. The electrochemical behaviour of dapagliflozin (DAP) was investigated through differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the developed sensor (Cys@MoS2/GCE). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods were performed for structural and morphological characterizations of Cys@MoS2 nanocomposite. On the surface of Cys@MoS2/GCE, an irreversible anodic peak was observed at 1324 mV. Under the optimal conditions, linear calibration curve with two working ranges between 2.0–60.0 μM and 60.0–110.0 μM were obtained and limit of detection was found to be 1.6 μM. The developed sensor was successfully applied to determine the content of DAP in pharmaceutical sample with satisfying recovery results. It is concluded that Cys@MoS2/GCE is a reliable, easy to apply and cost‐effective sensor for the routine DAP analysis in pharmaceutical samples.
Performance comparison of a natural gas and renewable‐based power and desalination system for polygeneration
Authors: Al‐Obaidli Houd , Bicer Yusuf , Al‐Ansari Tareq
Published: March 2020

Conventional district energy supply (DES) systems have relatively lower efficiencies when compared to polygeneration systems. The use of fossil fuels as a primary energy source in DES generates high levels of CO2 emissions, degrading their environmental performance. On the other hand, renewable energy systems are generally integrated into the energy portfolio mix to improve the overall efficiency and sustainability, whilst curbing the overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, an alternative renewable energy polygeneration system design based on biomass and solar energy is proposed. A thermodynamic analysis of the system was carried out, and the energetic and exergetic efficiencies were subsequently compared against the reference case. The results indicate that the alternative system only demonstrates slightly improved efficiencies over the reference system on the basis of cogeneration. However, when implemented for polygeneration, the alternative system offers a clear advantage with estimated energy and exergy efficiencies of 62.9% and 41.9%, respectively. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing number of cycles of induction chemotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Retrospective survival analysis
Authors: He Yan , Zhao Zhihao , Wang Ying , Chai Jiamin , He Jialing , Wang Jingjing , He Ling , Guan Hui , Wei Zhigong , Liu Zheran , Mu Xiaoli , Peng Xingchen
Published: March 2020

Background

Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy is one of the standards of care for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but the optimal number of induction cycles is unclear. Here we compared survival data from patients treated with 2 to 4 cycles.

Methods

Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2009 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Six hundred and seventy three patients met eligibility criteria. After a median follow‐up of 53 months (interquartile range, 38‐74), there was no difference between 2 and 3 cycles in overall survival (88.14% vs 91.24%). But four cycles were associated with worse overall survival (79.12%) and higher incidence of treatment‐related toxicities. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of induction cycles and lymph node classification were prognostic factors.

Conclusions

Two and three cycles of induction chemotherapy are associated with similar survival, while four cycles reduce survival and increase treatment‐related toxicity in endemic regions.
PIK3CA Mutational Analysis of Parathyroid Adenomas
Authors: Riccardi Aaliyah , Lemos Carolina , Ramos Ryan , Bellizzi Justin , Parham Kourosh , Brown Taylor C. , Korah Reju , Carling Tobias , Costa‐Guda Jessica , Arnold Andrew
Published: March 2020

Benign parathyroid adenoma is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism, whereas malignant parathyroid carcinoma is exceedingly rare. Distinguishing parathyroid carcinoma from benign adenoma is often difficult, and may be considerably delayed even after surgical resection until the rigorous diagnostic criteria of local invasion of surrounding tissues and/or distant metastases are fulfilled. Thus, new insights into their respective molecular bases may potentially aid in earlier diagnostic discrimination between the two, as well as informing new directions for treatment. In two recent studies, gain‐of‐function mutations in PIK3CA, a recognized driver oncogene in many human malignancies, have been newly identified in parathyroid carcinoma. To assess the potential specificity for malignant, as opposed to benign parathyroid disease, of PIK3CA hotspot mutations, we PCR‐amplified and Sanger sequenced codons 111, 542/545, and 1047 and the immediate flanking regions in genomic DNA from 391 typical, sporadic parathyroid adenomas. Four parathyroid adenomas (1%) had subclonal, somatic, heterozygous, activating PIK3CA mutations. The rarity of PIK3CA activating mutations in benign parathyroid adenomas suggests that tumorigenic activation of PIK3CA is strongly associated with malignant parathyroid neoplasia. However, it does not appear that such mutations, at least in isolation, can be relied upon for definitive molecular diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Response to Letter: Intrapatient Comparison of the Hepatobiliary Phase of Gd‐BOPTA and Gd‐EOB‐DTPA in the Differentiation of HCA From FNH
Authors: Thomeer Maarten G. , Vanhooymissen Inge J.S.M.L. , Braun Loes M.M. , van Koeverden Sebastiaan , Willemssen Francois E. , De Man Robert A. , Ijzermans Jan N. , Dwarkasing Roy S.
Published: March 2020

Level of Evidence

5

Technical Efficacy Stage

3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1281–1282.
Rapid detection of quality index of postharvest fresh tea leaves using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Wang Yu‐Jie , Li Lu‐Qing , Shen Shan‐Shan , Liu Ying , Ning Jing‐Ming , Zhang Zheng‐Zhu
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

The quality of fresh tea leaves after harvest determines, to some extent, the quality and price of commercial tea. A fast and accurate method to evaluate the quality of fresh tea leaves is required.

RESULTS

In this study, the potential of hyperspectral imaging in the range of 328–1115 nm for the rapid prediction of moisture, total nitrogen, crude fiber contents, and quality index value was investigated. Ninety samples of eight tea‐leaf varieties and two picking standards were tested. Quantitative partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were established using a full spectrum, whereas multiple linear regression (MLR) models were developed using characteristic wavelengths selected by a successive projections algorithm (SPA) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling. The results showed that the optimal SPA–MLR models for moisture, total nitrogen, crude fiber contents, and quality index value yielded optimal performance with coefficients of determination for prediction (R2p) of 0.9357, 0.8543, 0.8188, 0.9168; root mean square error of 0.3437, 0.1097, 0.3795, 1.0358; and residual prediction deviation of 4.00, 2.56, 2.31, and 3.51, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The results suggested that the hyperspectral imaging technique coupled with chemometrics was a promising tool for the rapid and nondestructive measurement of tea‐leaf quality, and had the potential to develop multispectral imaging systems for future online detection of tea‐leaf quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of rootstocks on volatile composition of Merlot wines
Authors: Carrasco‐Quiroz Marioli , Martínez‐Gil Ana María , Gutiérrez‐Gamboa Gastón , Moreno‐Simunovic Yerko
Published: March 2020

Background

Scion physiology and grape quality are impacted by rootstock choice. There is little available information about the effects of rootstock on wine volatile composition, particularly when comparing grafted with own‐rooted grapevines. This field trial was aimed at studying the influence of rootstock choice on volatile composition of Merlot wines.

Results

Wines made from grapes harvested from own‐rooted grapevines had the lowest content of (E)‐3‐hexenol, diethyl succinate and total ethyl esters and the highest content of 1‐pentanol, 1‐hexanol, (Z)‐3‐hexenol, diethyl malate and acetovanillone. Rootstocks such as 99R and 140Ru led to a higher content of total ethyl esters in wines followed by 110R, 1103P and Gravesac. According to odor activity values, Merlot wines were characterized by roses, sweat, cheese and banana aromas.

Conclusions

This work provides valuable information about the potential impact of rootstocks on wine volatile composition for Merlot wines. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Modeling of the elementary gas‐phase reaction during chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide from CH3SiCl3/H2
Authors: Sato Noboru , Funato Yuichi , Fukushima Yasuyuki , Momose Takeshi , Koshi Mitsuo , Shimogaki Yukihiro
Published: March 2020

We established a gas‐phase, elementary reaction model for chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide from methyltrichlorosilane (MTS) and H2, based on the model developed at Iowa State University (ISU). The ISU model did not reproduce our experimental results, decomposition behavior of MTS in the gas phase in an environment with H2. Therefore, we made several modifications to the ISU model. Of the reactions included in existing models, 236 were lacking in the ISU model, and thus were added to the model. In addition, we modified the rate constants of the unimolecular reactions and the recombination reactions, which were treated as a high‐pressure limit in the ISU model, into pressure‐dependent rate expressions based on the previous reports (to yield the ISU+ model), for example, H2(+M) → H + H(+M), but decomposition behavior remained poorly reproducible. To incorporate the pressure dependencies of unimolecular decomposition rate constants, and to increase the accuracies of these constants, we recalculated the rate constants of five unimolecular decomposition reactions of MTS using the Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel‐Marcus method at the CBS‐QB3 level. These chemistries were added to the ISU+ model to yield the UT2014 model. The UT2014 model reproduced overall MTS decomposition. From the results of our model, we confirmed that MTS mainly decomposes into CH3 and SiCl3 at the temperature around 1000°C as reported in the several studies.
Solid‐state fermentation of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) with Aspergillus awamori: Effect on phenolic compounds, mineral content, and their bioavailability
Authors: Dhull Sanju Bala , Punia Sneh , Kidwai Mohammad Kashif , Kaur Maninder , Chawla Prince , Purewal Sukhvinder Singh , Sangwan Monika , Palthania Sunita
Published: March 2020

Microorganisms have long been used in the production of a variety of foods, alcoholic beverages, additives, and supplements due to their cost effectiveness and environmental advantages. Solid‐state fermentation (SSF) reproduces the natural microbiological process that can be utilized in a controlled way to produce the desired product. In the present study, modulation of phenolic compounds, antioxidant potential, and mineral content during SSF of three lentil cultivars, namely, HM‐1, LL‐931, and Sapna, were explored. The total phenolic content (TPC) for 6th day Aspergillus‐fermented lentil (AFL) flour increased by 79.2% for cv. HM‐1, 78.8% for cv. LL‐931, and 122.8% for cv. Sapna. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results also showed that SSF not only improved the phenolic content of lentil cultivars but also resulted in the formation of some new phenolic compounds (resorcinol and cinnamic acid). The condensed tannin content, DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) inhibition activity, hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity, reducing power activity, and total antioxidant capacity of aqueous ethanolic extracts from all AFLs also increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) up to 6th day of fermentation. Mineral content differed significantly (p ≤ 0.05), with AFL extracts exhibiting higher mineral content than their unfermented counterparts. Among different minerals, Cu content of all AFL extracts was the highest with an increase of 46.4% to 60.0% upon fermentation. All minerals showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in their concentrations upon fermentation except for K in which the increase was less than 0.1%. However, in vitro bioavailability of iron and zinc was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in AFL as compared with their unfermented counterparts, with the highest level being observed on the 6th day of fermentation. Thus, biotransformed lentils could be utilized in the preparation of functional foods and novel nutraceuticals for their health‐promoting properties.
Evidence of strong small‐scale population structure in the Antarctic freshwater copepod Boeckella poppei in lakes on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands
Authors: Maturana Claudia S. , Segovia Nicolás I. , González‐Wevar Claudio A. , Díaz Angie , Rosenfeld Sebastián , Poulin Elie , Jackson Jennifer A. , Convey Peter
Published: March 2020

Environmental conditions were particularly severe during the Last Glacial Maximum, altering the distribution of the Southern Hemisphere biota, particularly at higher latitudes. The copepod Boeckella poppei is the only macroscopic continental invertebrate species known to be distributed today across the three main biogeographic regions in Antarctica as well as in southern South America. Signy Island (South Orkney Islands) is a unique location for the study of Antarctic freshwater ecosystems due to its location and geographic isolation; it contains 17 lakes in several low altitude catchments. We conducted phylogeographic and demographic analyses using the cox1 gene on 84 individuals of B. poppei from seven lakes across Signy Island. We recorded low levels of genetic diversity and a strong genetic differentiation signal between the eastern and western valleys within the island. Phylogeographic structure and demographic inference analyses suggested at least one asymmetrical dispersal event from west to east. Demographic inference detected a strong signal of population growth during the deglaciation process, which may have followed either (1) a strong genetic bottleneck due to a reduction in population size during the last glacial period, or (2) a founder effect associated with postglacial recolonization of Signy Island from elsewhere. The genetic architecture of this island's populations of B. poppei shows that historical events, rather than continuous dispersal events, likely played a major role in the species' current distribution. Finally, our study considers possible mechanisms for dispersal and colonization success of the most dominant species in the Antarctic freshwater community.
A hybrid convolutional neural network for super‐resolution reconstruction of MR images
Authors: Zheng Yingjie , Zhen Bowen , Chen Aichi , Qi Fulang , Hao Xiaohan , Qiu Bensheng
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Spatial resolution is an important parameter for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). High‐resolution MR images provide detailed information and benefit subsequent image analysis. However, higher resolution MR images come at the expense of longer scanning time and lower signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs). Using algorithms to improve image resolution can mitigate these limitations. Recently, some convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based super‐resolution (SR) algorithms have flourished on MR image reconstruction. However, most algorithms usually adopt deeper network structures to improve the performance.

Methods

In this study, we propose a novel hybrid network (named HybridNet) to improve the quality of SR images by increasing the width of the network. Specifically, the proposed hybrid block combines a multipath structure and variant dense blocks to extract abundant features from low‐resolution images. Furthermore, we fully exploit the hierarchical features from different hybrid blocks to reconstruct high‐quality images.

Results

All SR algorithms are evaluated using three MR image datasets and the proposed HybridNet outperformed the comparative methods with peak a signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) of 42.12 ± 0.92 dB, 38.60 ± 2.46 dB, 35.17 ± 2.96 dB and a structural similarity index (SSIM) of 0.9949 ± 0.0015, 0.9892 ± 0.0034, 0.9740 ± 0.0064, respectively. Besides, our proposed network can reconstruct high‐quality images on an unseen MR dataset with PSNR of 33.27 ± 1.56 and SSIM of 0.9581 ± 0.0068.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that HybridNet can reconstruct high‐quality SR images from degraded MR images and has good generalization ability. It also can be leveraged to assist the task of image analysis or processing.
Regulation of uterine genes during the peri‐implantation period, and its relationship to the maternal brain in gestating mice
Authors: Behura Susanta K. , Kelleher Andrew M. , Spencer Thomas E.
Published: March 2020

We conducted an integrated analysis of gene expression and chromatin structure of mouse uterus to understand the regulation of uterine‐expressed genes on gestation day 4 (GD4) during the peri‐implantation period. The genes expressed in the uterus showed a significant association (p < .0001) with the presence of the nucleosome‐free region (open chromatin) in the 5′‐untranslated region of the genes. The majority of these upstream open chromatins harbored a common class of regulatory elements known as upstream open reading frames. We also compared the gene expression profiles between the uterus and brain which showed that specific gene pairs were expressed in a correlated manner, either positively or negatively. In addition, specific ligand/receptor genes showed coordinated patterns of expression between the uterus and brain on GD4, and the level of expression of these ligand/receptors altered significantly in the brain during late pregnancy (GD15) compared with the peri‐implantation period (GD4). Collectively, these results suggest that regulation of the uterine genes during the peri‐implantation period is likely to have a functional link with the maternal brain in pregnant mice.
On the use of stabilization techniques in the Cartesian grid finite element method framework for iterative solvers
Authors: Navarro‐Jiménez José Manuel , Nadal Enrique , Tur Manuel , Martínez‐Casas José , Ródenas Juan José
Published: March 2020

Fictitious domain methods, like the Cartesian grid finite element method (cgFEM), are based on the use of unfitted meshes that must be intersected. This may yield to ill‐conditioned systems of equations since the stiffness associated with a node could be small, thus poorly contributing to the energy of the problem. This issue complicates the use of iterative solvers for large problems. In this work, we present a new stabilization technique that, in the case of cgFEM, preserves the Cartesian structure of the mesh. The formulation consists in penalizing the free movement of those nodes by a smooth extension of the solution from the interior of the domain, through a postprocess of the solution via a displacement recovery technique. The numerical results show an improvement of the condition number and a decrease in the number of iterations of the iterative solver while preserving the problem accuracy.
A remapping scheme for history‐dependent material state variables
Authors: Versino Daniele , Mourad Hashem M. , Luscher Darby J.
Published: March 2020

We present an interpolation scheme for use with material models involving history‐dependent state variables. The interpolation scheme is based on the solution of a constrained optimization problem, to identify the smoothest monotone curve which produces an admissible solution. Unlike classical schemes used for transport equations, the proposed methodology accounts for the interdependence of the history variables and produces admissible interpolations of the material's state variables. After introducing a general solution scheme for the problem, a simplified and more computationally efficient method is derived. Finally, as a validation problem for the proposed methods, we consider the advection of internal state variables belonging to material models with highly nonlinear yield surfaces.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Perioperative Nutrition, Metabolic, and Nonsurgical Support of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Procedures – 2019 Update: Cosponsored by American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology, The Obesity Society, American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Obesity Medicine Association, and American Society of Anesthesiologists
Authors: Mechanick Jeffrey I. , Apovian Caroline , Brethauer Stacy , Timothy Garvey W. , Joffe Aaron M. , Kim Julie , Kushner Robert F. , Lindquist Richard , Pessah‐Pollack Rachel , Seger Jennifer , Urman Richard D. , Adams Stephanie , Cleek John B. , Correa Riccardo , Figaro M. Kathleen , Flanders Karen , Grams Jayleen , Hurley Daniel L. , Kothari Shanu , Seger Michael V. , Still Christopher D.
Published: March 2020

Objective

The development of these updated clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) was commissioned by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), The Obesity Society (TOS), American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS), Obesity Medicine Association (OMA), and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Boards of Directors in adherence with the AACE 2017 protocol for standardized production of CPGs, algorithms, and checklists.

Methods

Each recommendation was evaluated and updated based on new evidence from 2013 to the present and subjective factors provided by experts.

Results

New or updated topics in this CPG include: contextualization in an adiposity‐based chronic disease complications‐centric model, nuance‐based and algorithm/checklist‐assisted clinical decision‐making about procedure selection, novel bariatric procedures, enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery protocols, and logistical concerns (including cost factors) in the current health care arena. There are 85 numbered recommendations that have updated supporting evidence, of which 61 are revised and 12 are new. Noting that there can be multiple recommendation statements within a single numbered recommendation, there are 31 (13%) Grade A, 42 (17%) Grade B, 72 (29%) Grade C, and 101 (41%) Grade D recommendations. There are 858 citations, of which 81 (9.4%) are evidence level (EL) 1 (highest), 562 (65.5%) are EL 2, 72 (8.4%) are EL 3, and 143 (16.7%) are EL 4 (lowest).

Conclusions

Bariatric procedures remain a safe and effective intervention for higher‐risk patients with obesity. Clinical decision‐making should be evidence based within the context of a chronic disease. A team approach to perioperative care is mandatory, with special attention to nutritional and metabolic issues.
Mental Health in Bariatric Surgery: Selection, Access, and Outcomes
Authors: Morledge Michael D. , Pories Walter J.
Published: March 2020

Severe obesity has many psychiatric consequences that can be influenced by bariatric surgery. The goal of this article is to review these challenges, including the mental health status of patients with severe obesity, the evaluation of surgical candidates, and the early and late effects of the operations, and to offer some recommendations to manage these challenges. The failure of the insurance‐mandated preoperative psychosocial evaluation is also discussed.
Reducing the energy consumption of Indian iron and steel industry through enhancing energy efficiency: Role of regional coordination
Authors: Haider Salman , Mishra Prajna Paramita
Published: March 2020

This article aims at estimating the energy efficiency of the iron and steel industry in production theoretic approach. Taking a regional perspective, we have done a meta‐frontier analysis combined with the slack‐based measure of data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results depict huge energy efficiency gap exists across four regions. The northern region is the best performer under group frontier than meta‐frontier DEA. South and west regions are relatively well‐performed under meta‐frontier than group frontier while the eastern region performs moderately well under both frontiers. The results show the significant energy efficiency improvement opportunities available across regions can be realised through technological advancement and energy management.