bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Logistics Innovation and Social Sustainability: How to Prevent an Artificial Divide in Human–Computer Interaction
Authors: Klumpp Matthias , Zijm Henk
Published: January 2019

Human–computer interaction (HCI) is a cornerstone for the success of technical innovation in the logistics and supply chain sector. As a major part of social sustainability, this interaction is changing as artificial intelligence applications (Internet of Things, autonomous transport, Physical Internet) are implemented, leading to larger machine autonomy, and hence the transition from a primary executive to a supervisory role of human operators. A fundamental question concerns the level of control transferred to machines, such as autonomous vehicles and automatic materials handling devices. Problems include a lack of human trust toward automatic decision making or an inclination to override the system in case automated decisions are misperceived. This paper outlines a theoretical framework, describing different levels of acceptance and trust as a key HCI element of technology innovation, and points to the possible danger of an artificial divide at both the individual and firm level. Based upon the findings of four benchmark cases, a classification of the roles of human employees in adopting innovations is developed. Measures at operational, tactical, and strategic level are discussed to improve HCI, more in particular the capacity of individuals and firms to apply state‐of‐the‐art techniques and to prevent an artificial divide, thereby increasing social sustainability.
miR‐4732‐5p promotes breast cancer progression by targeting TSPAN13
Authors: Wang Ya‐Wen , Zhao Song , Yuan Xun‐Yi , Liu Yao , Zhang Kai , Wang Jianli , Zhu Jiang , Ma Rong
Published: January 2019

MiR‐4732‐5p was previously found to be dysregulated in nipple discharge of breast cancer. However, the expression and function of miR‐4732‐5p in breast cancer remain largely unknown. Here, the expression of miR‐4732‐5p was detected using quantitative real‐time PCR in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion assays were performed to examine the effects of miR‐4732‐5p in breast cancer. In addition, mRNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, Western blot and luciferase assays were performed to identify the target of miR‐4732‐5p. Overall, miR‐4732‐5p was significantly down‐regulated in breast cancer tissues, especially in lymph node metastasis (LNM)‐negative tissues, compared with adjacent normal tissues. However, it was more highly expressed in LNM‐positive breast cancer tissues, compared with LNM‐negative ones. Expression of miR‐4732‐5p was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis, larger tumour size, advanced clinical stage, high Ki‐67 levels and poor prognosis. MiR‐4732‐5p promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion in breast cancer. MiR‐4732‐5p directly targeted the 3′‐UTR of tetraspanin 13 (TSPAN13) and suppressed TSPAN13 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. These results suggested that miR‐4732‐5p may serve as a tumour suppressor in the initiation of breast cancer, but as a tumour promoter in breast cancer progression by targeting TSPAN13.
EU Aggregate Demand As a Way out of Crisis? Engaging the Post‐Keynesian Critique
Authors: Bieler Andreas , Jordan Jamie , Morton Adam David
Published: January 2019

Post‐Keynesians have delivered an important advance in providing explanations of the Eurozone crisis, not the least in demonstrating how the formation of the European integration project lacked the means to manage effectively the macroeconomic imbalances between core and peripheral spaces across the region. Through a critical engagement with such descriptions, this article argues that to account more adequately for the formation of the asymmetrical and crisis‐ridden forms of development across the Eurozone it is necessary to focus on the uneven and combined development of Europe's peripheral spaces and their integration into an expanded free trade regime since the 1980s. It is through a focus on the structuring condition of uneven and combined development shaped by capitalist social relations of production and attendant class struggles that we can locate the origins of the present crisis.
A retrospective analysis of dental implant survival in HIV patients
Authors: Sabbah Ahmed , Hicks Jeffery , MacNeill Barbara , Arbona Antonio , Aguilera Alfonso , Liu Qianqian , Gelfond Jonathan , Gardner Wayne
Published: January 2019

Aim

This 5 years retrospective cohort survival study compared failure rates of dental implants placed in HIV (+) and HIV (−) patients relative to several risk factors.

Materials and Methods

Between 2006 and 2015, 484 implants placed in HIV (+) patients and 805 implants placed in HIV (−) patients were assessed for survival. The effects of HIV were estimated using propensity weighting. The effects of age, smoking status, diabetes, restoration status, gender, implant type, placement site, hepatitis C status, baseline CD4 count and CD4%, post‐placement average CD4%, nadir CD4%, nadir CD4 count and antiviral therapy were analysed.

Results

Implants placed in HIV (+) patients and HIV (−) patients had similar failure rates (HR = 1.4, p = 0.34). Increased failure rates were observed in HIV (+) patients with baseline CD4% ≤20 (HR = 2.72, p = 0.04), post‐placement CD4% average ≤20% (HR = 2.71, p = 0.04), protease inhibitor administration (HR = 2.74, p = 0.04), smoking (HR = 2.61, p = 0.05) and anterior maxillary placement (HR = 5.82, p < 0.01). Hepatitis C coinfection, viral titre, baseline CD4 count, gender, implant type and restoration type were non‐contributory.

Conclusion

Implants placed in HIV (+) patients had similar survival rates as HIV (−) patients. Failure rates increase significantly when confounding risk factors are present in HIV (+) patients.
Safety and efficacy of tofogliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in real‐world clinical practice: Results of 3‐month interim analysis of a long‐term post‐marketing surveillance study (J‐STEP/LT)
Authors: Utsunomiya Kazunori , Senda Masayuki , Kakiuchi Seigo , Kameda Hiroyuki , Tamura Masahiro , Kurihara Yuji , Gunji Ryoji , Fujii Shoko , Fujiwara Hisataka , Kaku Kohei
Published: January 2019

Aims/Introduction

The present study analysis was carried out to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tofogliflozin, a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in real‐world clinical practice.

Materials and Methods

This was a 3‐year non‐interventional observational study of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus newly administered tofogliflozin who were uncontrolled on current therapy. We carried out a 12‐week interim analysis of tofogliflozin as part of 3‐year post‐marketing surveillance study. The incidence of adverse drug reactions was evaluated as a safety end‐point. As efficacy end‐points, glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight were evaluated.

Results

A total of 6,897 patients were enrolled. Tofogliflozin significantly reduced mean changes from baseline glycated hemoglobin (−0.63%, P < 0.0001) and bodyweight (−2.02 kg, P < 0.0001). The change in glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight reductions in response to tofogliflozin was consistently observed in all body mass index subgroups. Adverse drug reactions occurred in 345 of 6,712 patients (5.14%). There was a low incidence of adverse drug reactions known to be associated with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and they were reported as non‐serious. The incidences of polyuria/pollakiuria were higher in patients aged ≥65 years than <65 years, and were significantly different among estimated glomerular filtration rate subgroups. Urinary tract and genital infections occurred more frequently in women than in men.

Conclusions

Tofogliflozin was well tolerated, and no emerging new safety concerns were observed. Tofogliflozin significantly improved glycemic control with no impact on bodyweight gain. The short‐term administration of tofogliflozin is considered to have a favorable benefit–risk profile in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Long‐term evolving profile of childhood autoimmune blistering diseases: Retrospective study on 38 children
Authors: Welfringer‐Morin A. , Bekel L. , Bellon N. , Gantzer A. , Boccara O. , Hadj‐Rabia S. , Leclerc‐Mercier S. , Frassati‐Biaggi A , Fraitag S. , Bodemer C.
Published: January 2019

Background

Autoimmune bullous dermatoses (AIBDs) in children are uncommon, and their long‐term evolution remains unknown.

Objective

The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize the long‐term prognosis of AIBDs that started during childhood.

Methods

We conducted a monocentric retrospective study, in the French dermatology centre, by including all children affected by AIBDs. The long‐term outcome was obtained through a phone call questionnaire.

Results

Sixty‐three patients were included from January 1993 to December 2015, 34 female and 29 males: 27 Linear immunoglobulin A disease (LAD), 12 bullous pemphigoid (BP), 12 pemphigus, 8 herpetiform dermatitis (DH) and 4 epidermolysis bullosa aquisita (EBA). The mean age was 4.7 years old. Twenty‐five patients were lost during the follow‐up. For the 38 remaining patients, the mean follow‐up duration for all pathologies was 6.6 years. Twenty‐nine of them had at least one relapse. Late relapses were observed in two cases of DH and six cases of pemphigus (7–34 months). The mean treatment duration was 30.6 months with variability according to the AIBDs. Topical corticosteroids were used alone, effectively, for seven patients and in association with other treatment in 19 patients in complete remission. Complete remission was noted in 34/38 children with a follow‐up of 4.4 years (0.08–19.5). The mean duration to complete remission was 30.5 months (6–114 months). Late nasal synechiae were reported in one EBA only. There was no significant associated comorbidity, but an association with a primary immune deficiency (PID) was observed in two cases.

Conclusion

Childhood AIBDs appear to be of good overall prognosis but a long‐term follow‐up is mandatory, as relapses can be late, except for BP. The use of topical corticosteroids is frequently effective alone or in association. The association with PID leads to think about the possibility of a possible underlying dysimmunity in the child.
Post‐glacial colonization routes coincide with a life‐history breakpoint along a latitudinal gradient
Authors: Luquet Emilien , Rödin Mörch Patrik , Cortázar‐Chinarro Maria , Meyer‐Lucht Yvonne , Höglund Jacob , Laurila Anssi
Published: January 2019

Although adaptive divergence along environmental gradients has repeatedly been demonstrated, the role of post‐glacial colonization routes in determining phenotypic variation along gradients has received little attention. Here, we used a hierarchical QST–FST approach to separate the roles of adaptive and neutral processes in shaping phenotypic variation in moor frog (Rana arvalis) larval life histories along a 1,700 km latitudinal gradient across northern Europe. This species has colonized Scandinavia via two routes with a contact zone in northern Sweden. By using neutral SNP and common garden phenotypic data from 13 populations at two temperatures, we showed that most of the variation along the gradient occurred between the two colonizing lineages. We found little phenotypic divergence within the lineages; however, all phenotypic traits were strongly diverged between the southern and northern colonization routes, with higher growth and development rates and larger body size in the north. The QST estimates between the colonization routes were four times higher than FST, indicating a prominent role for natural selection. QST within the colonization routes did not generally differ from FST, but we found temperature‐dependent adaptive divergence close to the contact zone. These results indicate that lineage‐specific variation can account for much of the adaptive divergence along a latitudinal gradient.
Development and content validation of an instrument to support pharmaceutical counselling for dispensing of prescribed medicines
Authors: Rocha Kérilin Stancine Santos , Cerqueira Santos Sabrina , Boaventura Thays Carneiro , dos Santos Júnior Genival Araujo , de Araújo Dyego Carlos Souza Anacleto , Silvestre Carina Carvalho , de Jesus Elisdete Maria Santos , de Lyra Júnior Divaldo Pereira
Published: January 2019

Rationale, aims, and objectives

Counselling is essential in drug dispensing, since it enables patients to receive and understand the information to correctly use their medicines. Although counselling is a quality indicator on drug dispensing, models that guide pharmacists in this practice are scarce. Thus, this study aimed to develop and validate the content of an instrument to support pharmaceutical counselling for dispensing of prescribed medicines.

Method

A two‐stage validation study was conducted out from February to October 2017. The first stage involved the development of the instrument, and the second involved content validation. Instrument development included the following three steps: (1) drafting of the prototype; (2) an academic brainstorming meeting, and (3) a pre‐Delphi process. Content validation was then conducted using the Delphi technique. At this stage, 40 pharmacists who were experts in drug dispensing, were invited to assess the instrument. Consensus among experts was calculated according to the content validity index (CVI).

Results

The development stage generated three versions of the instrument: the prototype, Version 1 (modified after brainstorming meeting), and Version 2 (modified after the pre‐Delphi process). Version 2 underwent the content validation process, in which 29 pharmacists participated during the first round (rate of return: 72.5%) and 23 of these during the second round (rate of return: 79.31%). All items obtained CVI > 0.82 and were thus considered to be validated. The final instrument comprised three components: suggestions for questions, dispensing process reasoning, and suggestions for counselling, and other conduct in 11 stages, each representing a step in the clinical reasoning process.

Conclusions

An instrument was developed to support pharmaceutical counselling for dispensing of prescribed medicines, suggesting main questions, counselling, and conduct to be taken by pharmacists, and its content validity was verified.
Ovarian fluid in the three‐spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus: effects of egg overripening and sex steroid treatment
Authors: Roufidou Chrysoula , Borg Bertil
Published: January 2019

The ovarian fluid properties of the three‐spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus were studied in overripe and non‐overripe ovulated female sticklebacks and in females that were implanted with Silastic capsules containing testosterone (T), oestradiol (E2), 17,20β‐dihydroxypregn‐4‐en‐3‐one (17,20β‐P) or progesterone (P4) into the abdominal cavity. Overripe females had less ovarian fluid than non‐overripe females, but with higher dry mass, higher protein concentration and lower viscosity. T and 17,20β‐P increased the amount of ovarian fluid and the fluid protein concentration was increased by 17,20β‐P. 1‐D sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) showed that ovarian fluid contains several proteins, with high individual variability but with no consistent differences between groups. Some of the ovarian fluid proteins appeared to correspond to proteins from the eggs. The results suggest that secretion of ovarian fluid may be influenced by steroid hormones and that changes in its properties are related to the overripening of ovulated eggs. In at least some respects it appears that the changes in the ovarian fluid is a result, rather than the cause of overripening.
Blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus presence at fishing piers in South Carolina: association and environmental drivers
Authors: Martin Kelsey L. , Abel Dan C. , Crane Derek P. , Hammerschlag Neil , Burge Erin J.
Published: January 2019

We tagged 12 Carcharhinus limbatus with acoustic transmitters and monitored their presence at five piers along the north‐east coast of South Carolina, USA in 2016 and four piers in 2017 using acoustic receivers. Data were analysed with pier association indices (PAI), mixed models and fast Fourier transformation analyses to identify potential factors related to residence time and presence at piers and any cyclical patterns in visits to piers. While the majority of monitored C. limbatus were infrequently detected at piers, three (25.0%) were highly associated with piers (PAI ≥ 0.50). Of the C. limbatus that were detected after initial capture, three (25.0%) recorded detection events only at the pier where they were tagged and two individuals (16.7%) recorded at least one detection event at all monitored piers. The best‐fit model explaining C. limbatus residence time at piers included terms for pier location and diel cycle (wi = 0.88), whereas the best fit model explaining presence–absence of C. limbatus at piers included terms for tidal height, diel cycle, barometric pressure and angler count (wi = 0.98). Carcharhinus limbatus did not appear to display cyclical patterns in their visits to piers. Along the north‐east coast of South Carolina, association of C. limbatus with piers is a phenomenon for a proportion of mature individuals, but continued research is necessary to understand if this behaviour is driven by attraction to and feeding on angler discards or increased foraging opportunities resulting from the attraction of potential prey to the physical structure provided by piers.
The microwave‐assisted convective drying of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.) using continuous and changeable power radiation
Authors: Mierzwa Dominik , Szadzińska Justyna
Published: January 2019

Convective drying is one of the most commonly used methods of food dehydration. This technique allows highly perishable products to be preserved; however, it is simultaneously time‐consuming, energy‐consuming and has a negative impact on the products' quality. In order to eliminate these drawbacks alternative drying methods have been sought. This article concerns the microwave‐assisted convective drying of kale. Eight different drying processes were tested. The influence of both continuous and changeable application of microwaves on process kinetics (drying rate), energy consumption, and quality of product (color and ascorbic acid retention) was analyzed. Additionally, four thin‐layer drying models were used to approximate the experimental data and an effective diffusion coefficient was calculated. It was found that the continuous application of microwaves positively influenced kinetics and energy consumption but may have an adverse effect on the products' quality. In contrast, intermittent‐hybrid schedules were characterized by smaller kinetics advantages but a visibly better quality of product.

Practical applications

In the face of current environmental problems (reduction of CO2 emissions) and increasing prices for electricity, the high energy consumption in convective processes is encouraging the search for alternative methods of drying food products that are prone to spoilage. Additionally, consumer awareness is growing, which is increasing the demand for high‐quality, safe, food products. This work concerns the optimization of existing technology and the development of new technologies for food drying using microwaves. Microwave radiation is an effective source of energy that allows a significant reduction in drying time and energy consumption; but it can have a negative impact on product quality. The proposed solution is the intermittent use of microwaves; but the matter is not simple because the dielectric properties of food depend on many factors (moisture content, composition, temperature, etc.), which makes the effects of microwave drying difficult to predict. Thus, all research on this topic is valuable.
Effects of ultrasonic and enzymatic treatment on physical and chemical properties of brown rice
Authors: Dang Lien Thi Kim , Therdthai Nantawan , Ratphitagsanti Wannasawat
Published: January 2019

Brown rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) was subjected to ultrasonic treatment (UT) and enzymatic treatment (ET) with cellulase (CT), glucoamylase (GT), and α‐amylase (AT). UT showed no significant effect on thermal properties, crystalline pattern and, glycemic response of brown rice. AT decreased gelatinization enthalpy from 7.19 g/J (control) to 5.31 g/J and reduced degree of crystallinity from 23.06% (control) to 21.02%. These changes significantly increased glycemic index of AT brown rice. CT and GT had insignificant effect on crystallinity and thermal properties of rice. Both UT and ET decreased hardness of cooked rice from 206.05 to 189.63–148.87 N in which the AT cooked rice was the softest. Both AT and UT were potentially used as novel processes to develop the soften brown rice. However, UT brown rice had lower glycemic response, required shorter cooking time, and was more practically produced in industrial scale than ET brown rice.

Practical applications

Soaking is the hydration process, which is normally used for brown rice before cooking. However, it is inconvenient and time‐consuming. Results of this study revealed the effects of enzymatic and ultrasonic treatments (UTs) on modifying of the bran layer and changing of physiochemical properties of rice grains. These changes promoted water uptake, reduced hardness, and improved cooking properties of brown rice. In consideration of glycemic response, UT represents good practice in the production of soften brown rice without soaking before cooking.
Differences in National Diabetes Treatment Patterns and Trends between Older and Younger Adults
Authors: Pilla Scott J. , Segal Jodi B. , Alexander G. Caleb , Boyd Cynthia M. , Maruthur Nisa M.
Published: January 2019

Background/Objectives

The treatment of type 2 diabetes in older adults requires special considerations including avoidance of hypoglycemia, yet variation in diabetes treatment with aging is not well understood. In this study, we compared nationally representative diabetes treatment patterns and trends between older adults (≥65 y) and younger adults (30‐64 y).

Design

Repeated cross‐sectional physician surveys from 2006 to 2015.

Setting

The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual probability sample of visits to office‐based US physicians.

Participants

Adults with type 2 diabetes using one or more diabetes medications.

Measurements

Proportions of visits in which patients treated with each diabetes medication class were compared between older and younger adults in 2‐year intervals.

Results

From 2006 to 2015, the average number of yearly visits for older and younger adults was 25.4 million and 24.2 million, respectively. In 2014‐2015, visits for older compared with younger adults involved less use of metformin (56.0% vs 70.0%; p < .001) and glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (2.9% vs 6.2%; p = .004), and more use of long‐acting insulin (30.2% vs 22.4%; p = .017); other classes were used similarly. During the study period, long‐acting insulin use increased markedly in older adults, particularly between 2010 and 2015 where it rose from 12.5% to 30.2% of visits (P‐trend <.001). In younger adult visits, long‐acting insulin use increased modestly (17.2% to 22.4%) and at a slower rate compared with older adult visits (p < .001).

Conclusion

The ambulatory treatment of type 2 diabetes differs between older and younger adults, with the treatment of older adults characterized by low use of newer diabetes medications and a greater and rapidly increasing use of long‐acting insulin. These findings call for further research clarifying the comparative effectiveness and safety of newer diabetes medications and long‐acting insulin to optimize diabetes care for older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1066–1073, 2019.
A case of ovarian teratoma with nephroblastoma presenting spontaneous rupture
Authors: Nakabayashi Akira , Kanno Toshiyuki , Takahashi Nobuko , Akizawa Yoshika , Onizuka Hiromi , Matsui Hideo
Published: January 2019

Nephroblastoma (also known as Wilms’ tumor) mainly occurs in the kidneys of children. Nephroblastoma outside the kidneys may be observed in three situations: primary disease, metastatic disease and nephroblastoma arising in teratoma. Teratoma with nephroblastoma (TWN) of the adult ovary is a rare tumor and only one case has been reported. We report an unusual adult case of ovarian TWN presented to us with acute abdomen due to the spontaneous rupture of the ovary. The rupture occurred at the site of TWN, while contralateral ovary with only mature cystic teratoma component had no rupture. After one and a half months of the ovary sparing surgery, the tumor disseminated to the splenic hilum and the omentum. A complete staging with maximum cytoreduction followed by adjuvant chemotherapy were performed. She remains disease free until present.
Agglutination of Plant Pathogenic and Certain Other Bacteria by Pectic Polysaccharides from Various Plant Species
Authors: SLUSARENKO A. J. , EPPERLEIN MONICA , WOOD R. K. S.
Published: January 2019

Part of the acidic pectic polysaccharide fraction from leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Red Mexican agglutinated cells of several plant pathogenic and non pathogenic bacteria.

Acidic pectic polysaccharides from leaves of various species and cultivars of higher plants agglutinated cells of Race 1 and 2 of Pseudomonas phaseolicola. Race 1 cells were consistently agglutinated more actively than were Race 2 cells, indicating surface differences between the two races. This suggests that interaction of bacteria with pectic polysaccharide is common. There was, however, no correlation of resistance to the two races of P. phaseolicola and agglutination.

The possible role of pectic polysaccharide in attachment of bacteria to the plant cell walls in intercellular spaces of leaves is discussed.
Detection of seed transmission of beet mild yellowing virus
Authors: FRITZSCHE R. , PROESELER G. , KARL E. , KLEINHEMPEL H.
Published: January 2019

Seed of sugar beet were collected from BMYV‐infected plants and from breeding lines, which show virus symptoms in spring very early. By aphid transmission experiments under strongly isolated conditions and application of insecticides the infection of the seed with the BMYV was doubtless detected.
High Temperature Treatment of Prunus avium L. “F12/1” for Virus Elimination
Authors: LENZ F. , BAUMANN GISELA , KORNKAMHAENG PAJCHIMA
Published: January 2019

A method is described by which even heat sensitive plants as Prunus avium can survive extreme high temperatures, which are necessary to eliminate heat resistant virus or virus complexes.
Effect of Kinetin, Abscisic Acid, and Cations on Host‐Parasite Relations of Barley Inoculated with Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei
Authors: EDWARDS H. H.
Published: January 2019

Kinetin, abscisic acid (AbA), and several cations were tested to determine what effect they have on resistance and susceptibility in detached primary leaf segments of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) floating on water and inoculated with conidia of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei Marchal, race CR3. Two nearly isogenic lines of Manchuria barley (Ml‐a, resistant and ml‐a, susceptible) were used for comparison. In both lines kinetin (0.1 mM) solution increased resistance. In Ml‐a AbA (0.1 mM) increased susceptibility. The increased susceptibility was the result of greater formation of apparently functional primary haustoria. The action of kinetin was antagonized by AbA and vice versa. Of the cations tested, Ca++, Mn++, and La+++ increased susceptibility in the Ml‐a line. These cations stimulated a greater production of secondary haustoria. None of the cations tested increased resistance. Combinations of AbA and cations were tested. AbA plus Mn++ or La+++ made the Ml‐a host as susceptible to the fungus as the ml‐a host. Senescence as measured by chlorophyll content was not correlated with susceptibility or resistance in either isogenic line.
Breed‐specific reference ranges for standard echocardiographic measurements in salukis
Authors: Giraut S. , Häggström J. , Koskinen L. L. E. , Lohi H. , Wiberg M.
Published: January 2019

Objectives

To establish normal reference ranges for standard echocardiographic measurements in Salukis and to examine whether bodyweight, age, gender and heart rate had an influence on the echocardiographic variables.

Materials and Methods

Seventy‐five privately owned healthy purebred Salukis, aged 2 to 10 years were included. Case history was obtained and dogs were examined by physical examination, complete blood cell count, serum biochemistry and echocardiography. Associations between bodyweight, gender, sex and heart rate and echocardiographic variables were examined using multiple linear regression analysis and allometric scaling. Reference values with 95% prediction intervals were calculated from regression equations.

Results

Bodyweight was a significant predictor of left ventricular diameters, left ventricular volumes andE‐point‐to‐septal‐separation. Associations between bodyweight and the echocardiographic variables were best described by multiple linear regression models, providing bodyweight‐based reference values. Age, gender and heart rate had significant effect on some of the echocardiographic variables and were included in the final models. When the equation included heart rate or age, reference values were calculated using mean heart rate value (80 bpm) and median age value (73 months).

Clinical Significance

This study provides detailed bodyweight‐based echocardiographic values in normal Salukis which can be used as reference values.
Low‐field magnetic resonance changes in the paravertebral musculature of dogs with acute intervertebral disc extrusion
Authors: Furtado A. R. R. , Cherubini G. B. , Taeymans O.
Published: January 2019

Objectives

To describe the MRI features and prevalence of paravertebral muscle signal intensity changes in dogs with acute intervertebral disc extrusion and to search for associations between the signal changes and clinical history, signalment, neurological examination, serum creatine kinase activity and MRI characteristics of the disc herniation.

Materials and Methods

Medical records and MRI examinations from 688 dogs with surgically confirmed acute intervertebral disc extrusion were reviewed retrospectively. T2‐weighted and STIR MRI sequences were available for 276 cases and were examined for paravertebral muscle signal intensity changes. When present, extension, lateralisation and signal characteristics of these changes were recorded. Exclusion criteria were muscle injections 24 hours before MRI scan, trauma and previous spinal surgery.

Results

Nineteen dogs met the inclusion criteria. There were signal changes in themultifidusmuscle, mostly in the thoracolumbar region and often extending caudally from the level of the intervertebral disc herniation. Two cases had paravertebral muscle signal intensity changes in the cervical region. MRI signal changes were seen more frequently in the muscles of non‐ambulatory dogs. Clinical history and neuro‐examination did not allow differentiation between dogs with and without paravertebral muscle signal intensity changes.

Clinical Significance

Paravertebral muscle signal intensity changes were observed infrequently in the epaxial musculature of 6.9% dogs with acute intervertebral disc extrusion in both the thoracolumbar and cervical regions. The pathophysiological processes responsible for these MRI changes remain unknown.
Cardiorenal and endocrine effects of synthetic canine BNP1‐32 in dogs with compensated congestive heart failure caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: Yata Mariko , Kooistra Hans S. , Beijerink Niek J.
Published: January 2019

Background

The effects of synthetic brain natriuretic peptide (BNP1‐32) on cardiorenal and renin angiotensin aldosterone system in dogs with naturally occurring congestive heart failure (CHF) are unknown.

Objectives

To evaluate the cardiorenal and endocrine effects of SC administered synthetic canine BNP1‐32, with or without furosemide, in dogs with CHF caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).

Animals

Seven client‐owned male dogs with compensated American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine stage C CHF caused by MMVD on chronic treatment with furosemide, benazepril, and pimobendan.

Methods

A single‐dose, crossover, pilot study. Each dog received a dose of BNP1‐32 (5 μg/kg), furosemide (2 mg/kg), and both BNP1‐32/furosemide (5 μg/kg and 2 mg/kg, respectively) SC with a 2‐week washout period among each treatment. Between‐ and within‐treatment effects were evaluated using linear mixed modeling with restricted maximum likelihood estimation and evaluation of least square differences.

Results

Rapid absorption of BNP1‐32 and a corresponding rise in urinary cyclic guanosine monophosphate excretion was observed at 1‐2 hours after any treatment containing BNP1‐32 (P < .05). However, BNP1‐32 did not influence measured cardiorenal variables. Plasma aldosterone concentrations were below quantifiable levels in majority of the samples.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

No beneficial cardiorenal effects were detected. It is possible that dogs with chronic CHF have a reduction in natriuretic peptide responsiveness.
Injury pattern recognition to discriminate competing causes of liver injury
Authors: Talaat Nizar , Tillmann Hans L.
Published: January 2019

Background

Competing causes of liver injury may be difficult to discriminate. Characterization of the typical phenotype of each injury defined by latency, time to improvement and biochemical pattern, could be helpful to identify the most likely of competing causes.

Methods

Liver injury characteristics of both bortezomib‐associated drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation associated with bortezomib are derived from PubMed listed publications.

Results

Bortezomib‐associated DILI has very short latency of days and AP is found elevated, while liver injury due to HBV reactivation occurs after several months of bortezomib therapy. Therefore, a patient's liver injury pattern occurring 3 months into bortezomib therapy should be attributed to HBV reactivation.

Discussion

Identification of liver injury characteristics for competing causes of liver injury can be helpful to identify the most likely cause and improve clinical outcome.
The Role of the Debt‐Service Ratio as a Leading Indicator of Households Consumption
Authors: Apergis Nicholas
Published: January 2019

Given that household debt raises certain concerns about the resilience of the economy, against this backdrop, this paper explores whether household debt‐service matters as a leading indicator for consumption. Employing data from 32 countries, spanning the period 1999–2017 and the empirical analysis provides fresh information on the fact that the debt‐service ratio strongly predicts consumption expenditure. The results also document that the effect of the debt‐service ratio on consumer expenditure differs across types of consumer spending (durables vs nondurables vs services). In particular, the impact is strong for the case of the durable goods and weaker in the other two cases. The findings imply that debt‐service may serve as an important channel, running from debt to consumer spending. Finally, the results survive a number of robustness tests, while liquidity constraints seem to dominate the drivers of household consumption decisions.
Kokugaku and an alternative account of the emergence of nationalism of Japan
Authors: Ichijo Atsuko
Published: January 2019

Out of a concern with the often implicit western‐centricity of theories of nationalism which are currently dominant, the article proposes to shift the focus of analysis onto the working of human agency in our understanding of nations and nationalism. Drawing from insights from the history of ideas, it argues that, contrary to the modernist account, the rise of nationalism of Japan can be traced back to the rise of Kokugaku in the eighteenth century when westernisation/modernisation had not yet reached Japan. Kokugaku scholars were engaged with intense collective self‐reflection and proposed answers to the question who the Japanese were and what Japan should be without adopting the formula of national imagination generated in the West. The article suggests that a focus on human agency has the potential to free inquires into non‐western parts of the world from the deeply embedded western‐centricity of conventional social theories, thus enriching our understanding of the world.
Is there a Bayesian justification of hypothetico‐deductive inference?
Authors: Okasha Samir , Thébault Karim
Published: January 2019

Many philosophers have claimed that Bayesianism can provide a simple justification for hypothetico‐deductive (H‐D) inference, long regarded as a cornerstone of the scientific method. Following up a remark of van Fraassen (1985), we analyze a problem for the putative Bayesian justification of H‐D inference in the case where what we learn from observation is logically stronger than what our theory implies. Firstly, we demonstrate that in such cases the simple Bayesian justification does not necessarily apply. Secondly, we identify a set of sufficient conditions for the mismatch in logical strength to be justifiably ignored as a “harmless idealization”. Thirdly, we argue, based upon scientific examples, that the pattern of H‐D inference of which there is a ready Bayesian justification is only rarely the pattern that one actually finds at work in science. Whatever the other virtues of Bayesianism, the idea that it yields a simple justification of a pervasive pattern of scientific inference appears to have been oversold.
Evidence for seasonal variation in δ13C and δ18O profiles of Baculites and implications for growth rate
Authors: Ellis Nicholas M. , Tobin Thomas S.
Published: January 2019

The life histories of ammonites and the life strategies they employed are difficult to assess without robust modern analogues but placing constraints on ammonite growth rates provides a fundamental first step to understanding this abundant, but poorly understood, fossil group. Here we interpret periodic variations in carbon and oxygen stable isotope profiles from Campanian and Maastrichtian ammonites (Baculites) as seasonally driven and use these records to determine their rate of shell precipitation. Several of these samples are housed in museums and were originally prepared using sealants for display and preservation but testing of these sealants indicated no alteration of the isotopic values of treated carbonate. Diagenetic alteration, as determined by shell microstructure, affected the preservation of isotopic signals, resulting in the loss of seasonal variation in less well‐preserved specimens, and the δ13C signal is more robust than δ18O. The periodicity of isotopic profiles from Baculites shells presented here suggest that these organisms grew at rapid rates (c. 340 mm per year), which may imply an r‐type life strategy in which the animals reach maturity quickly, spawn large quantities of progeny, and die at a young age. Because of the potential mobility of Baculites, reconstructing palaeoenvironmental conditions from these isotopic records is challenging and should be conducted cautiously. Unfortunately, well‐preserved Baculites shells much longer than 350 mm are rarely recovered, which complicates the statistical treatment of potential periodicity in isotopic profiles.
Ecological significance of light quality in optimizing plant defence
Authors: Douma Jacob C. , de Vries Jorad , Poelman Erik H. , Dicke Marcel , Anten Niels P.R. , Evers Jochem B.
Published: January 2019

Plants balance the allocation of resources between growth and defence to optimize fitness in a competitive environment. Perception of neighbour‐detection cues, such as a low ratio of red to far‐red (R:FR) radiation, activates a suite of shade‐avoidance responses that include stem elongation and upward leaf movement, whilst simultaneously downregulating defence. This downregulation is hypothesized to benefit the plant either by mediating the growth‐defence balance in favour of growth in high plant densities or, alternatively, by mediating defence of individual leaves such that those most photosynthetically productive are best protected. To test these hypotheses, we used a 3D functional–structural plant model of Brassica nigra that mechanistically simulates the interactions between plant architecture, herbivory, and the light environment. Our results show that plant‐level defence expression is a strong determinant of plant fitness and that leaf‐level defence mediation by R:FR can provide a fitness benefit in high densities. However, optimal plant‐level defence expression does not decrease monotonically with plant density, indicating that R:FR mediation of defence alone is not enough to optimize defence between densities. Therefore, assessing the ecological significance of R:FR‐mediated defence is paramount to better understand the evolution of this physiological linkage and its implications for crop breeding.
An actor–partner interdependence model of employees’ and coworkers’ innovative behavior, psychological detachment, and strain reactions
Authors: Ng Thomas W. H. , Wang Mo
Published: January 2019

In an extension of the existing paradigm on the benefits of innovative behavior for organizations, this study addresses the negative effects of innovative behavior. Guided by psychological detachment theory, we propose that both displaying innovative behavior and witnessing others’ innovative behavior make it difficult for workers to psychologically distance themselves from innovation matters, engendering strain reactions (e.g., sleep problems, hostility). Those with more proactive personalities may be more likely to experience these detachment difficulty problems after displaying or witnessing innovative behavior. To test these premises, we conducted two studies. In the pilot study (N = 104 employee–coworker dyads), we gathered both quantitative and qualitative data to show that innovative behavior predicts detachment difficulty above and beyond other job behaviors. In the main study, we collected data from 257 employee–coworker dyads over 5 weeks and analyzed them with an actor–partner interdependence model. The results are generally supportive, suggesting that further investigation of the unintended consequences of innovative behavior is warranted.
The happy slave isn't free: Relational autonomy and freedom in theZhuangzi
Authors: Valmisa Mercedes
Published: January 2019

This paper challenges the view that contentment leads to personal freedom and autonomy and argues for a relational and exercise concept of de facto freedom in theZhuangzi莊子. I first review influential interpretations of freedom in theZhuangzithat equate freedom with contentment and nonfrustration, starting with Guo Xiang's 郭象 (d. 312 CE). By putting these interpretations in dialog with contemporary social philosophy (Christman, Meyers, Pettit, Elster, and Khader), I reflect on the two seminal problems of the psychologizing causal and procedural approaches that allow the interpretation of freedom as contentment: the “happy slave” problem and the “sour grapes” problem. Proving this account of freedom inadequate, I argue for a different interpretation of freedom in theZhuangzithat resembles a weakly substantive and constitutive account of freedom and autonomy in modern‐day social philosophy terms, such as Marina Oshana's. The theory of freedom that I analyze in theZhuangzi, however, helps us correct the risk of material determinism of the constitutive account, offering a description of relational freedom and autonomy as constituted by socio‐material conditions but not determined by them.
Developing a spectral disease index for myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii)
Authors: Heim R. H. J. , Wright I. J. , Allen A. P. , Geedicke I. , Oldeland J.
Published: January 2019

Since 2010 Australian ecosystems and managed landscapes have been severely threatened by the invasive fungal pathogen Austropuccinia psidii. Detecting and monitoring disease outbreaks is currently only possible by human assessors, which is slow and labour intensive. Over the last 25 years, spectral vegetation indices (SVIs) have been designed to assess variation in biochemical or biophysical traits of vegetation. However, diagnosis of individual diseases based on classical SVIs is currently not possible because they lack disease specificity. Here, a novel spectral disease index (SDI), the lemon myrtle–myrtle rust index (LMMR), has been developed. The index was designed from hyperspectral leaf‐clip data collected at a lemon myrtle plantation in New South Wales, Australia. A total of 236 fungicide‐treated (disease free) and 228 untreated (diseased) lemon myrtle leaves were sampled and a random forest classifier was used to show that the LMMR discriminates those classes with an overall accuracy of 90%. Compared to three classical SVIs (PRI, MCARI, NBNDVI), commonly applied for stress detection, the LMMR clearly improved classification accuracies (58%, 67%, 60%, respectively). If the LMMR can be validated on independent datasets from similar and different host species, it could enable land managers to reduce disease impact by earlier control. There might also be potential to collect useful data for epidemiology models. Calculating the LMMR based on hyperspectral data collected from aerial platforms (e.g. drones) would allow for rapid and high‐capacity screening for disease outbreaks.
Contribution of Second and Higher‐Order Births to Adolescent Fertility in Mexico
Authors: Sánchez‐Pájaro Andrés , Braverman‐Bronstein Ariela , De Castro Filipa , Vidaña‐Pérez Dèsirée , Villalobos‐Hernández Aremis , Barrientos‐Gutiérrez Tonatiuh
Published: January 2019

This study estimates the contribution of second and higher‐order births to the adolescent fertility rate in Mexico from 2006 to 2014. We used data from nationally representative surveys for 2006, 2009, and 2014 to estimate the adolescent fertility rate, and the first, second, and higher‐order birth components for the triennium prior to each survey at the national and state level. Our results showed that the second and higher‐order component was 16.3 births per 1,000 women in 2003–05, 14.9 in 2006–08, and 16.9 in 2011–13. Second and higher‐order births represented 25.9 percent of all teen births in 2003–05, 21.6 percent in 2006–08, and 21.9 percent in 2011–13. Second and higher‐order births were heterogeneous across states. We found that second and higher‐order births are highly prevalent and important contributors to the adolescent fertility rate. Postponing second and higher‐order births would benefit both mothers and children. Monitoring them provides crucial information on the demand of targeted health system strategies that address the reproductive health needs of adolescent mothers. Interventions to prevent second and higher‐order pregnancies must be developed and implemented.
Economic Vulnerability, Cultural Decline, and Nativism: Contingent and Indirect Effects
Authors: Davis Nicholas T. , Goidel Kirby , Lipsmeyer Christine S. , Whitten Guy D. , Young Clifford
Published: January 2019

Objective

Nativism, or anti‐immigrant preferences, is increasingly evident within democratic mass publics. In this article, we explore whether economic concerns, perceptions of social decline, or some combination of the two shape these attitudes.

Method

Our data are comprised of more than 8,000 survey respondents from nine Western, industrial democracies (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the United States). Using mediation analysis, we test for the extent to which economic anxiety and perceptions of cultural decline exert direct and indirect effects on nativism.

Results

On balance, the effect of economic anxiety—concern regarding job loss and negative economic assessments—on nativism is mostly indirect, affecting nativism by influencing perceptions of cultural decline.

Conclusion

Given the strong association between perceptions of social decline and nativism, it appears as though anti‐immigrant sentiments draw from cultural rather than economic concerns. The story, however, does not end there. Perceptions of societal decline are strongly influenced by economic anxiety.