bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Panorama das barragens de rejeito de minério no Quadrilátero Ferrífero (MG) e suas implicações para a segurança hídrica da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte-MG
Authors: Cota Guilherme Eduardo Macedo , Magalhães Júnior Antônio Pereira
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho objetiva investigar as lacunas legais no tocante à segurança de barragens de rejeito de minério nas bacias de contribuição dos mananciais que abastecem a Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH), evidenciando suas implicações para a manutenção da quantidade e da qualidade das águas. Por conseguinte, é elaborado um panorama das barragens da bacia do Alto Rio das Velhas em termos espaciais e legais, principalmente quanto à conformidade em relação à Política Nacional de Segurança de Barragens (PNSB). Os resultados obtidos mostram uma série de lacunas nos aspectos legais das estruturas, sobretudo no tocante à estabilidade dos barramentos, cenário que, por sua vez, compromete a segurança hídrica dos mananciais e o abastecimento de água da RMBH.

Abstract

SCENERY OF ORE TAILINGS DAMS IN THE QUADRILÁTERO FERRÍFERO “IRON QUADRANGLE” (MG) AND IMPLICATIONS FOR WATER SECURITY IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF BELO HORIZONTE, MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL

This paper aims to investigate the legal gaps regarding the safety of ore tailings dams in the contribution basins of the water sources that supply the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, highlighting their implications for maintaining the quantity and quality of water. In this context is featured an overview of the spatial distribution and legal aspects of the dams in the Upper Velhas River basin, involving their compliance with the National Dam Safety Politics (PNSB). The results show many legal gaps, especially regarding the structural stability, which, in turn, compromises the water resources security and the regional water supply processes.
Impactos da Covid-19 na produção e comercialização de alimentos em Brasília-DF: desafios para os assentados/acampados da reforma agrária
Authors: Dias Juliana Luiza Barbosa , Bezerra Juscelino Eudâmidas
Published: July 2021

O setor agrícola foi severamente afetado pela pandemia de Covid-19, gerando incertezas sobre a produção e a distribuição de alimentos, o que afetou diretamente o trabalho de milhões de agricultores. Este artigo visa a analisar o impacto da pandemia na produção de alimentos em Brasília-DF, especialmente entre os agricultores assentados/acampados da reforma agrária. Para a análise, foram utilizados dados primários obtidos através de um questionário on-line destinado ao público da reforma agrária em áreas rurais das regiões administrativas da capital federal, além de dados secundários, disponibilizados por instituições públicas. Os resultados mostraram que o impacto da pandemia foi intenso entre os agricultores, deixando-os extremamente vulneráveis, principalmente nos meses iniciais da pandemia. Como forma de enfretamento dos efeitos da pandemia, os trabalhadores adotaram quatro medidas específicas: a utilização do serviço de entrega delivery; a venda de cestas agroecológicas; a participação em redes solidárias e a venda direta em feira de reforma agrária. Essas novas dinâmicas de comercialização têm transformado as formas de interação campo-cidade ao demandar estratégias diferenciadas para alcançar os consumidores finais, contribuindo para amenizar os efeitos disruptivos da pandemia nos sistemas alimentares locais.

Abstract

IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON FOOD PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIALIZATION IN BRASILIA-DF: CHALLENGES FOR AGRARIAN REFORM SETTLERS/CAMPED

The agricultural sector was severely affected by the pandemic of Covid-19, genera- ting uncertainties about food production and distribution, which directly affected the work of millions of farmers. This article aims to analyze the impact of the pandemic on food production in Brasília-DF, especially among farmers settled in agrarian reform settlements. The analysis used primary data obtained through an on-line questionnaire addressed to the public of agrarian reform in rural areas of the administrative regions of the federal capital, as well as secondary data made available by public institutions. The results showed that the impact of the pandemic was intense among farmers, leaving them extremely vulnerable, especially in the initial months of the pandemic. As a way of countering the effects of the pandemic, workers have adopted four specific measures: the use of delivery services; the salof agro-ecological baskets; participation in solidarity networks; and direct sales at agrarian reform fairs. These new commercialization dynamics have transformed the forms of countryside-city interaction by demanding different strategies to reach final consumers, contributing to mitigate the pandemic’s disruptive effects on local food systems.
HutT functions as the major L‐histidine transporter in Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Wirtz Larissa , Eder Michelle , Brand Anna‐Katharina , Jung Heinrich
Published: July 2021

Histidine is an important carbon and nitrogen source of γ‐proteobacteria and can affect bacteria–host interactions. The mechanisms of histidine uptake are only partly understood. Here, we analyze functional properties of the putative histidine transporter HutT of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida. The hutT gene is part of the histidine utilization operon, and the gene product belongs to the amino acid‐polyamine‐organocation (APC) family of secondary transporters. Deletion of hutT severely impairs growth of P. putida on histidine, suggesting that the encoded transporter is the major histidine uptake system of P. putida. Transport experiments with cells and purified and reconstituted protein indicate that HutT functions as a high‐affinity histidine : proton symporter with high specificity for the amino acid. Substitution analyses identified amino acids crucial for HutT function.
Global mapping of cancers: The Cancer Genome Atlas and beyond
Authors: Ganini Carlo , Amelio Ivano , Bertolo Riccardo , Bove Pierluigi , Buonomo Oreste Claudio , Candi Eleonora , Cipriani Chiara , Di Daniele Nicola , Juhl Hartmut , Mauriello Alessandro , Marani Carla , Marshall John , Melino Sonia , Marchetti Paolo , Montanaro Manuela , Natale Maria Emanuela , Novelli Flavia , Palmieri Giampiero , Piacentini Mauro , Rendina Erino Angelo , Roselli Mario , Sica Giuseppe , Tesauro Manfredi , Rovella Valentina , Tisone Giuseppe , Shi Yufang , Wang Ying , Melino Gerry
Published: July 2021

Cancer genomes have been explored from the early 2000s through massive exome sequencing efforts, leading to the publication of The Cancer Genome Atlas in 2013. Sequencing techniques have been developed alongside this project and have allowed scientists to bypass the limitation of costs for whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) of single specimens by developing more accurate and extensive cancer sequencing projects, such as deep sequencing of whole genomes and transcriptomic analysis. The Pan‐Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes recently published WGS data from more than 2600 human cancers together with almost 1200 related transcriptomes. The application of WGS on a large database allowed, for the first time in history, a global analysis of features such as molecular signatures, large structural variations and noncoding regions of the genome, as well as the evaluation of RNA alterations in the absence of underlying DNA mutations. The vast amount of data generated still needs to be thoroughly deciphered, and the advent of machine‐learning approaches will be the next step towards the generation of personalized approaches for cancer medicine. The present manuscript wants to give a broad perspective on some of the biological evidence derived from the largest sequencing attempts on human cancers so far, discussing advantages and limitations of this approach and its power in the era of machine learning.
Gradual Glucocorticosteroid Withdrawal Is Safe in Clinically Quiescent Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Tselios Konstantinos , Gladman Dafna D. , Su Jiandong , Urowitz Murray B.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are usually treated with glucocorticosteroids even during periods of clinically quiescent disease. A recent study showed that abrupt glucocorticoid withdrawal was associated with an increased likelihood of flare in the next 12 months. The aim of the present study was to assess clinical flare rates and damage accrual in patients who tapered glucocorticosteroids gradually.

Methods

Patients from the Toronto Lupus Clinic with 2 consecutive years of clinically quiescent disease were retrieved from the database. Individuals who maintained a low prednisone dose (5 mg/day) comprised the maintenance group, whereas patients who gradually tapered prednisone within these two years comprised the withdrawal group. All individuals were followed for 2 years after prednisone discontinuation or the corresponding date for the maintenance group. Propensity score matching was implemented to adjust for certain baseline differences. Outcomes included clinical flares and damage accrual.

Results

Of 270 eligible patients, 204 were matched (102 in each group). Flare rate (any increase in clinical SLE Disease Activity Index 2000) was lower in the withdrawal group both at 12 (17.6% versus 29.4%; P = 0.023) and 24 months (33.3% versus 50%; P = 0.01). Moderate to severe flares (requiring systemic treatment escalation) were not different at 12 months (10.8% versus 13.7%; P = 0.467) but were less frequent at 24 months (14.7% versus 27.5%; P = 0.024). Damage accrual was less frequent in the withdrawal group (6.9% versus 17.6%; P = 0.022). No predictors for clinical flares were identified.

Conclusion

Gradual glucocorticoid withdrawal is safe in clinically quiescent SLE and is associated with fewer clinical flares and less damage accrual at 24 months.
Recovery survey confirms achievements in numerous domains after resolution
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: July 2021

Results of a newly published survey offer a powerful counter to the stigmatizing notion that people with substance use disorders represent more of a burden than a benefit to society. The results showing substantial personal, civic and economic achievements in recovery also point to the importance of services that can help individuals build recovery capital, including those that are offered in recovery community centers and collegiate recovery programs.
Fully Flexible, Highly Conductive Threads Based on single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNTs) and poly (3,4 ethylenedioxy thiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)
Authors: Alhashmi Alamer Fahad , Badawi Nujud M.
Published: July 2021

Herein, the morphological, electrical, thermal, and structural properties of conductive threads prepared using PEDOT:PSS, SWCNTs, and a layer combination of both are investigated. The primary finding of this work is that the layer thread has lowest resistance of 0.0072 Ω compared with 0.0211 Ω for SWCNTs alone and 0.0528 Ω for PEDOT:PSS alone. This lowest resistance is achieved with 1.729 mg of constituent compared with 1.870 mg of SWCNTs and 79.81 mg of PEDOT:PSS to obtain the respective resistances of 0.0211 and 0.0528 Ω. The layer thread therefore achieves lowest resistance with the least amount of material, in particular PEDOT:PSS. All resistances exhibit metallic behavior as a function of temperature up to 90 °C, and this behavior is stable for a period of at least 3 months.
Dual Enzyme Mimics Based on Metal–Ligand Cross‐Linking Strategy for Accelerating Ascorbate Oxidation and Enhancing Tumor Therapy
Authors: Ai Yongjian , Sun Hua , Gao Zhuxian , Wang Chenlong , Guan Liandi , Wang Yu , Wang Yanping , Zhang Huiying , Liang Qionglin
Published: July 2021

The development of high‐efficiency nanozymes is of great significance in the field of nanozymology, because this is one of the prerequisites for the sophisticated performance of nanozymes. Herein, the developed metal–ligand cross‐linking strategy engineers porous carbon nanorod supported ultra‐small iron carbide nanoparticles that possess excellent oxidase‐like and peroxidase‐like enzyme activities. The fabricated nanozyme can efficiently accelerate the oxidation of ascorbate (AA) to enhance cancer cells ablation efficacy. Due to the nanozyme having great surface atoms utilization ratio and large specific surface area, the AA can be rapidly and completely autoxidized within 20 min. Mechanism research demonstrates that the nanozyme's first activation of O2 to generate superoxide free radicals (O2•−) via the oxidase‐like pathway, then the O2•− directly oxidizes AA and produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Simultaneously, the H2O2 transforms into the toxic hydroxyl radical through the peroxidase‐like pathway and induces tumor cell death. Further in vitro and in vivo assays show the significant enhancement of the anti‐tumor efficacy through AA oxidation which is catalyzed by the developed nanozyme. It is expected that this work will benefit not only the development of other efficient nanozymes, but also future advances in the field of AA oxidation induced tumor therapy.
Optoelectronic Coincidence Detection with Two‐Dimensional Bi2O2Se Ferroelectric Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Yan Jian‐Min , Ying Jing‐Shi , Yan Ming‐Yuan , Wang Zhao‐Cai , Li Shuang‐Shuang , Chen Ting‐Wei , Gao Guan‐Yin , Liao Fuyou , Luo Hao‐Su , Zhang Tao , Chai Yang , Zheng Ren‐Kui
Published: July 2021

Information processing with optoelectronic devices provides an alternative way to efficiently process hybrid optical and electronic signals. Ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs) can effectively respond to external optical and electrical stimuli by modulating their polarization states. Here, a 2D FeFET is demonstrated by the epitaxial growth of high‐quality 2D bismuth layered oxyselenide (Bi2O2Se) films on PMN‐PT(001) ferroelectric single‐crystal substrates. Upon switching the polarization direction of PMN‐PT, the authors realize in situ, reversible, and nonvolatile manipulation of the resistance of Bi2O2Se thin film (≈877%). The device simultaneously exhibits a polarization‐dependent photoresponse through visible light (λ = 405 nm) and infrared light (IR, λ = 980 nm) illumination. Combining optical stimuli with ferroelectric gating, it is demonstrated that the devices not only show nonvolatile memory and optoelectronic responses, but also show coincidence detection of visible and IR light. This work holds great potential in constructing new multiresponse and multifunction 2D‐FeFETs.
Self‐Repairing and Damage‐Tolerant Hydrogels for Efficient Solar‐Powered Water Purification and Desalination
Authors: Li Fangbin , Li Na , Wang Shuxue , Qiao Lifang , Yu Liangmin , Murto Petri , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: July 2021

Solar‐driven interfacial evaporation has emerged as an innovative and sustainable technology for efficient, clean water production. Real‐world applications depend on new classes of low‐cost, lightweight, and robust materials that can be integrated into one monolithic device, which withstands a variety of realistic conditions on open water. Self‐repairing building blocks are highly desired to prevent permanent failures, recover original functions and maintain the lifetime of interfacial steam generators, although related studies are scarce to date. For the first time, a monolithic, durable, and self‐floating interfacial steam generator with well‐defined structures is demonstrated by integrating self‐healing hydrogels through facile processes in surface modulation and device fabrication. High and stable water evaporation rates over 2.0 kg m−2 h−1 are attained under 1 sun on both fresh water and brine with a broad range of salinity (36–210 g kg−1). The solar evaporation and desalination performance are among the best‐performing interfacial steam generators and surpass a majority of devices that are constructed by composite polymers as structural components. This study provides a perspective and highlights the future opportunities in self‐healing and damage‐tolerant materials that can simultaneously improve the performance, durability, and lifetime of interfacial steam generators in real‐world applications.
Low‐Voltage Magnetoelectric Coupling in Fe0.5Rh0.5/0.68PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3‐0.32PbTiO3 Thin‐Film Heterostructures
Authors: Zhao Wenbo , Kim Jieun , Huang Xiaoxi , Zhang Lei , Pesquera David , Velarde Gabriel A. P. , Gosavi Tanay , Lin Chia‐Ching , Nikonov Dmitri E. , Li Hai , Young Ian A. , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Martin Lane W.
Published: July 2021

The rapid development of computing applications demands novel low‐energy consumption devices for information processing. Among various candidates, magnetoelectric heterostructures hold promise for meeting the required voltage and power goals. Here, a route to low‐voltage control of magnetism in 30 nm Fe0.5Rh0.5/100 nm 0.68PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3‐0.32PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT) heterostructures is demonstrated wherein the magnetoelectric coupling is achieved via strain‐induced changes in the Fe0.5Rh0.5 mediated by voltages applied to the PMN‐PT. We describe approaches to achieve high‐quality, epitaxial growth of Fe0.5Rh0.5 on the PMN‐PT films and, a methodology to probe and quantify magnetoelectric coupling in small thin‐film devices via studies of the anomalous Hall effect. By comparing the spin‐flop field change induced by temperature and external voltage, the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient is estimated to reach ≈7 × 10−8 s m−1 at 325 K while applying a −0.75 V bias.
Microfluidic 3D Printing Responsive Scaffolds with Biomimetic Enrichment Channels for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Wang Xiaocheng , Yu Yunru , Yang Chaoyu , Shao Changmin , Shi Keqing , Shang Luoran , Ye Fangfu , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: July 2021

Tissue‐engineered scaffolds have been extensively explored for treating bone defects; however, slow and insufficient vascularization throughout the scaffolds remains a key challenge for further application. Herein, a versatile microfluidic 3D printing strategy to fabricate black phosphorus (BP) incorporated fibrous scaffolds with photothermal responsive channels for improving vascularization and bone regeneration is proposed. The thermal channeled scaffolds display reversible shrinkage and swelling behavior controlled by near‐infrared irradiation, which facilitates the penetration of suspended cells into the scaffold channels and promotes the prevascularization. Furthermore, the embedded BP nanosheets exhibit intrinsic properties for in situ biomineralization and improve in vitro cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Following transplantation in vivo, these channels also promote host vessel infiltration deep into the scaffolds and effectively accelerate the healing process of bone defects. Thus, it is believed that these near‐infrared responsive channeled scaffolds are promising candidates for tissue/vascular ingrowth in diverse tissue engineering applications.
High‐Entropy Metal–Organic Frameworks for Highly Reversible Sodium Storage
Authors: Ma Yanjiao , Ma Yuan , Dreyer Sören Lukas , Wang Qingsong , Wang Kai , Goonetilleke Damian , Omar Ahmad , Mikhailova Daria , Hahn Horst , Breitung Ben , Brezesinski Torsten
Published: July 2021

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are reported to be efficient sodium storage materials because of the unique advantages of their metal–organic framework structure. However, the issues of low specific capacity and poor reversibility, caused by phase transitions during charge/discharge cycling, have thus far limited the applicability of these materials. Herein, a new approach is presented to substantially improve the electrochemical properties of PBAs by introducing high entropy into the crystal structure. To achieve this, five different metal species are introduced, sharing the same nitrogen‐coordinated site, thereby increasing the configurational entropy of the system beyond 1.5R. By careful selection of the elements, high‐entropy PBA (HE‐PBA) presents a quasi‐zero‐strain reaction mechanism, resulting in increased cycling stability and rate capability. The key to such improvement lies in the high entropy and associated effects as well as the presence of several active redox centers. The gassing behavior of PBAs is also reported. Evolution of dimeric cyanogen due to oxidation of the cyanide ligands is detected, which can be attributed to the structural degradation of HE‐PBA during battery operation. By optimizing the electrochemical window, a Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100% is retained after cycling for more than 3000 cycles.
Efficient and Stable Molecular‐Aggregate‐Based Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Judicious Ligand Design
Authors: Cao Linyu , Zhu Zhi‐Qiang , Klimes Kody , Li Jian
Published: July 2021

Phosphorescent molecular aggregates show promise in realizing efficient and stable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) operating at high brightness level, which is highly desired for future lighting and display applications. Herein, four tetradentate Pd(II) complexes are prepared with judicious ligand design, and their electrochemical and photophysical properties are thoroughly examined. The studies indicate that slight structural changes of ligands can modify the hole and electron transporting capabilities, and alter the horizontal emitting dipole ratios of aggregates in amorphous film, the latter of which are sensitive to the thin‐film deposition conditions including the deposition rate and the choice of the templating layer. An optimized OLED device using Pd3O8‐Py5 aggregates exhibits a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 37.3% and a reduced efficiency roll‐off with high EQEs of 36.0% and 32.5% at 1000 and 10 000 cd m−2, respectively. Moreover, such an efficient device demonstrates a long measured LT95 (time to 95% of the initial luminance) lifetime of over 500 h with an initial brightness of 17 304 cd m−2 corresponding to an estimated LT95 lifetime of 48 246 h at 1000 cd m−2.
A Well‐Mixed Phase Formed by Two Compatible Non‐Fullerene Acceptors Enables Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 18.6%
Authors: Cai Yunhao , Li Yun , Wang Rui , Wu Hongbo , Chen Zhihao , Zhang Jie , Ma Zaifei , Hao Xiaotao , Zhao Yong , Zhang Chunfeng , Huang Fei , Sun Yanming
Published: July 2021

The ternary strategy, introducing a third component into a binary blend, opens a simple and promising avenue to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). The judicious selection of an appropriate third component, without sacrificing the photocurrent and voltage output of the OSC, is of significant importance in ternary devices. Herein, highly efficient OSCs fabricated using a ternary approach are demonstrated, wherein a novel non‐fullerene acceptor L8‐BO‐F is designed and incorporated into the PM6:BTP‐eC9 blend. The three components show complementary absorption spectra and cascade energy alignment. L8‐BO‐F and BTP‐eC9 are found to form a homogeneous mixed phase, which improves the molecular packing of both the donor and acceptor materials, and optimizes the ternary blend morphology. Moreover, the addition of L8‐BO‐F into the binary blend suppresses the non‐radiative recombination, thus leading to a reduced voltage loss. Consequently, concurrent increases in open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, and fill factor are realized, resulting in an unprecedented PCE of 18.66% (certified value of 18.2%), which represents the highest efficiency values reported for both single‐junction and tandem OSCs so far.
Multi‐Light‐Responsive Upconversion‐and‐Downshifting‐Based Circularly Polarized Luminescent Switches in Chiral Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhao Tonghan , Han Jianlei , Shi Yonghong , Zhou Jin , Duan Pengfei
Published: July 2021

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted tremendous attention for several novel applications. However, functional MOFs with light‐responsive circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are not examined in detail. Therefore, a dual CPL switch exhibiting both upconversion (UC) and downshifting (DS) CPL in the solid state is constructed by loading a luminescent diarylethene derivative (DAEC) and UC nanoparticles (UCNPs) into chiral MOFs. The chiral MOF⊃DAEC composites exhibit both photoswitchable luminescence and DS‐CPL properties under alternating UV and visible light irradiation. Additionally, a reversible UC‐CPL switch is realized using near‐infrared (NIR) and visible light irradiation by introducing energy‐level‐matched UCNPs and DAEC into the chiral MOFs. The dissymmetry factor (glum) of UC‐CPL is noted to be significantly amplified through energy transfer compared to that of DS‐CPL, which indicates that the information on circular polarization can be manipulated by altering the incident light. A chiroptical logic circuit with a 2D information output is designed with UV, visible, and NIR light as inputs by setting a rational threshold.
Multifunctional, Bioinspired, and Moisture Responsive Graphene Oxide/Tapioca Starch Nanocomposites
Authors: Chathuranga Hiran , Marriam Ifra , Zhang Zhanying , MacLeod Jennifer , Liu Yinong , Yang Hong , Yan Cheng
Published: July 2021

Actuators triggered by water evaporation have found potential applications in a wide range of emerging fields, including smart structures, power generators, artificial muscles, and soft robots. In addition to poor mechanical performance, conventional actuators raise major economic and environmental concerns due to their expensive and complex synthesis processes with hazardous chemicals and high ecological footprint. Herein, a nacre‐inspired moisture‐responsive actuator is fabricated using graphene oxide (GO) and tapioca starch (TS), a water‐soluble, low‐cost, and eco‐friendly natural polymer. The resultant TS/GO nanocomposite film has excellent mechanical properties and exhibits rapid and autonomous locomotion under moisture attack. Moreover, the actuator demonstrates a bending speed of ≈60° s−1 and has the potential to lift a load up to ten times its own weight. Based on these features, a novel moisture detection alarm system with control and operating circuits is assembled using the TS/GO film. Furthermore, the TS/GO actuator shows that it is capable of mimicking biological structures like flowers and can undergo locomotion even for nonwater vapors like isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, and chloroform.
How the Copper Dopant Alters the Geometric and Photoelectronic Properties of the Lead‐Free Cs2AgSbCl6 Double Perovskite
Authors: Yu Gan , Xue Shaoming , Yin Ruotong , Wu Qiaoqian , Gao Tianhao , Song Yixian , Wang Ruijie , Cong Wei‐Yan , Guan ChengBo , Lu Ying‐Bo
Published: July 2021

The Cu‐modulated lead‐free double perovskite Cs2AgSbCl6 shows excellent photoelectric performances. Thus the distribution of Cu dopants inside Cs2AgSbCl6 and the influence induced by them are investigated thoroughly. The variation of charge distribution and then the electronic environment around the Cu dopant are simulated, which support the preferred formation of CuAg defect in Cs2AgSbCl6 with a nominal monovalent state. Compared with other Cu‐related defects, this configuration introduces the weakest tensile stress around the defects and the slightest distortion of the metal octahedron. Owing to the special CuAg defect, the electronic structures of Cs2AgSbCl6 system change, e.g., the bandgap reduces manifestly, ascribing to the predominant contribution from Cu‐3d orbitals to the band edges. With the increase of concentration of Cu dopants, the bandgap of Cs2AgSbCl6 decreases further in a monotonic but gentle way, originating from the extra interactions between the Cu‐3d orbitals. Therefore, the critical insight to understand the photoelectronic properties of Cs2AgSbCl6 modulated by the Cu dopants is provided.
Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids in Biomedicine
Authors: Curreri Alexander M. , Mitragotri Samir , Tanner Eden E. L.
Published: July 2021

The use of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents in biomedical applications has grown dramatically in recent years due to their unique properties and their inherent tunability. This review will introduce ionic liquids and deep eutectics and discuss their biomedical applications, namely solubilization of drugs, creation of active pharmaceutical ingredients, delivery of pharmaceuticals through biological barriers, stabilization of proteins and other nucleic acids, antibacterial agents, and development of new biosensors. Current challenges and future outlooks are discussed, including biocompatibility, the potential impact of the presence of impurities, and the importance of understanding the microscopic interactions in ionic liquids in order to design task‐specific solvents.
Superhydrophobic‐Substrate‐Assisted Construction of Free‐Standing Microcavity‐Patterned Conducting Polymer Films
Authors: Chen Yupeng , Zhu Zhongpeng , Jiang Xiangyu , Jiang Lei
Published: July 2021

Patterned conducting polymer films with unique structures have promising prospects for application in various fields, such as actuation, water purification, sensing, and bioelectronics. However, their practical application is hindered because of the limitations of existing construction methods. Herein, a strategy is proposed for the superhydrophobic‐substrate‐assisted construction of free‐standing 3D microcavity‐patterned conducting polymer films (McPCPFs) at micrometer resolution. Easy‐peeling and nondestructive transfer properties are achieved through electrochemical polymerization along the solid/liquid/gas triphase interface on micropillar‐structured substrates. The effects of the wettability and geometrical parameters of the substrates on the construction of McPCPFs are systematically investigated in addition to the evolution of the epitaxial growth along the triphase interface at different polymerization times. The McPCPFs can be easily peeled from superhydrophobic surfaces using ethanol because of weak adhesion and nondestructively transferred to various substrates taking advantage of the capillarity. Furthermore, sensitive light‐driven McPCPF locomotion on organic liquid surfaces is demonstrated. Ultimately, a facile strategy for the construction of free‐standing 3D microstructure‐patterned conducting polymer films is proposed, which can improve productivity and applicability of the films in different fields and expand the application scope of superwettable interfaces.
Growth Modulation of Super‐Tetragonal PbTiO3 Thin Films with Self‐Assembled Nanocolumn Structures
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Dai Yanzhu , Li Zhipeng , Lu Lu , Zhang Xin , Fu Kunwu , Xu Xiaoguang , Tian Wenhuai , Jia Chun‐Lin , Jiang Yong
Published: July 2021

Although the epitaxial strain due to lattice mismatch between films and substrates can lead to improved properties and emergent functionalities, the limited choices of substrates and strain relaxation have hindered the further tuning of thin films ferroelectricity by conventional strain engineering via electro‐elastic coupling. Here, epitaxial thin films composed of self‐assembled arrays of PbxTiyOx+2y (lead‐rich) nanocolumns embedded in a PbTiO3 matrix by laser ablation of single lead titanate ceramic targets are fabricated. The c‐axis lattice parameter of the whole nanostructure can reach up to 4.7 Å and the out‐of‐plane to in‐plane lattice parameter ratio of 1.2 can be achieved, based on which spontaneous polarization is also estimated according to the coupling between tetragonality and polarization for ferroelectrics. The value of tetragonality can be well tuned by the growth conditions, such as the growth temperatures. Moreover, single lead titanate film composed of multiple tetragonalities can also be reached. This work provides a general approach to regulation of lattice states and functionalities beyond their present levels via elastic coupling between the self‐assembled nanostructures in three dimensions.
The combination of straw return and appropriate K fertilizer amounts enhances both soil health and rice yield in Northeast China
Authors: Hou Yunpeng , Xu Xinpeng , Kong Lili , Zhang Lei , Wang Lichun
Published: July 2021

To identify the ideal potassium (K) fertilization rate in fields with continuous straw return to maintain soil potassium supply and increase yield in the rice‐producing regions of Northeast China, we studied the effect of different K fertilizer application amounts (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 kg K2O ha−1 yr−1) on rice yield, K use efficiency, and soil K availability in straw‐returned and straw‐removed plots from 2017 to 2019. Results showed that the highest rice yield in straw‐returned plots (60 K2O ha−1) was 3.3% higher than that in the straw‐removed plots (90 K2O ha−1), and the straw‐return treatment attained higher K use efficiencies under low K fertilizer application conditions (30 and 60 kg K2O ha−1). Compared with straw‐removed plots, straw‐returned plots had increased exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K contents in the top 20 cm of soil. The ranges of K fertilizer application amount required to maintain soil K balance (K input–K output) in straw‐returned plots and straw‐removed plots were 48–53 kg ha−1 and 127–140 kg ha−1, respectively. Continuous straw return in rice‐producing regions in Northeast China can decrease K fertilizer application needs by 62.2% compared with straw‐removed plots while simultaneously maintaining soil K balance. Straw return plays an important role in increasing crop yield, preventing soil K depletion, and keeping the development of K resources sustainable.
C−Boron Enolates Enable Palladium Catalyzed Carboboration of Internal 1,3‐Enynes
Authors: Wang Ziyong , Wu Jason , Lamine Walid , Li Bo , Sotiropoulos Jean‐Marc , Chrostowska Anna , Miqueu Karinne , Liu Shih‐Yuan
Published: July 2021

A new family of carbon‐bound boron enolates, generated by a kinetically controlled halogen exchange between chlorocatecholborane and silylketene acetals, is described. These C−boron enolates are demonstrated to activate 1,3‐enyne substrates in the presence of a Pd0/Senphos ligand complex, resulting in the first examples of a carboboration reaction of an alkyne with enolate‐equivalent nucleophiles. Highly substituted dienyl boron building blocks are produced in excellent site‐, regio‐, and diastereoselectivity by the described catalytic cis‐carboboration reaction.
Gharials (Gavialis gangeticus) in Bardiya National Park, Nepal: Population, habitat and threats
Authors: Bashyal Ashish , Shrestha Sandeep , Luitel Kishor P. , Yadav Bhupendra P. , Khadka Bed , Lang Jeffrey W. , Densmore Llewellyn D.
Published: July 2021

The Critically Endangered gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) residing within Bardiya National Park (BNP) in Nepal constitutes the sixth major sub‐population of this unique lineage; however, this population is not well studied. A 46 km protected stretch of the Babai River and a 60 km stretch of the Karnali River in and around BNP were surveyed for gharials in early 2017 and in 2019.

Gharial counts in 2017 – 17 from the Babai and one from the Karnali rivers – consisted of 10 adults, five sub‐adults and three juveniles. In 2019, 19 gharials were counted – 18 for the Babai and one for the Karnali – comprising 11 adults, six sub‐adults and two juveniles. In the Babai River within BNP, four breeding groups were identified. Gharials in BNP prefer sandy vs. rocky banks for basking and completely avoid sand‐grass and clay banks. Habitat preference did not vary with size class.

Protected stretches of both rivers inside BNP (76 km) have resident gharial, intact habitats and few human threats. In contrast, the unprotected stretch of the Karnali (30 km) is threatened by boulder quarrying, sand mining and unlicensed fishing, and is avoided by gharials despite the availability of habitat.

This study established baseline data, including indices of population size, distribution and habitat preferences, and documented resident gharials that are breeding in the Babai River in BNP. The conservation of this Babai population is crucial for the species’ survival in BNP.

Based on this study, we recommend the following conservation actions on the Babai stretch: (a) determine hatching success; (b) assess juvenile recruitment; (c) consider supplementation by releasing captives; (d) study riverine features important as baselines; (e) accommodate upstream movements on the protected Babai stretch; and (f) protect the downstream Babai outside the boundary of the BNP.
Powerful knowledge, transformations andDidaktik/curriculum thinking
Authors: Deng Zongyi
Published: July 2021

From the vantage point of knowledge transformations entailed in curriculum making, this article seeks to contribute to a rethinking of the concept of powerful knowledge. It makes a case for linking the teaching of content knowledge to the development of human powers (understanding, ways of thinking, capabilities and dispositions) by way of knowledge transformations. The article starts by examining three perspectives or contributions to knowledge transformations: (1) Bernstein’srecontextualisation; (2) Chevallard’sdidactic transposition; and (3) Gerickeet al.’stransformations. This is followed by a discussion of what transformations entail from the perspective ofBildung‐centredDidaktik, and what transformations mean in today’s context if education is centrally concerned with the development of human powers. It concludes by questioning the conflation of powerful knowledge with disciplinary knowledge.
Dimensional reduction in complex living systems: Where, why, and how
Authors: Eckmann Jean‐Pierre , Tlusty Tsvi
Published: July 2021

The unprecedented prowess of measurement techniques provides a detailed, multi‐scale look into the depths of living systems. Understanding these avalanches of high‐dimensional data—by distilling underlying principles and mechanisms—necessitates dimensional reduction. We propose that living systems achieve exquisite dimensional reduction, originating from their capacity to learn, through evolution and phenotypic plasticity, the relevant aspects of a non‐random, smooth physical reality. We explain how geometric insights by mathematicians allow one to identify these genuine hallmarks of life and distinguish them from universal properties of generic data sets. We illustrate these principles in a concrete example of protein evolution, suggesting a simple general recipe that can be applied to understand other biological systems.
Rapid and simultaneous determination of histidine metabolism intermediates in human and mouse microbiota and biomatrices
Authors: Acuña Inmaculada , Ruiz Alicia , Cerdó Tomás , Cantarero Samuel , López‐Moreno Ana , Aguilera Margarita , Campoy Cristina , Suárez Antonio
Published: July 2021

Histidine metabolism is a key pathway physiologically involved in satiety, recognition memory, skin, and neural protection and allergic diseases. Microbiologically‐produced imidazole propionate induces type II diabetes and interferes with glucose lowering drugs. Despite their determinant health implications, no single method simultaneously assesses histidine metabolites in urine, feces, and microbiota. The aim of this study was to develop a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the determination of histidine and its major bioactive metabolites histamine, N‐acetylhistamine, imidazole‐4‐acetate, cis‐urocanate, trans‐urocanate, glutamate and imidazole propionate, using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. An innovative simple extraction method from small aliquots of human and mice urine, feces and microbial cell extracts was coupled to separation in a 6.5 min chromatographic run. The successful performance allowed accurate and precise quantification of all metabolites in mouse feces, suggesting broad exchange of histidine metabolites between the gut and mice. Higher urine histamine, histamine to histidine ratio, and imidazole‐4‐acetate pointed to an underlying inflammatory or allergic process in mice compared to human subjects. N‐acetylhistamine and imidazole propionate were detected in human and mouse feces, confirming its origin from gut microbial metabolism. Our novel and robust analytical method captured histidine metabolism in a single assay that will facilitate broad and deep histidine metabolic phenotyping assessing the impact of microbiota on host health in large‐scale human observational and interventional studies.
Applying Industry Talent Development Best Practices to Advance Your Board: Lessons Learned from Industry to Accelerate Board Performance
Authors: Duberman Tracy , Erdahl Paul
Published: July 2021

Tracy Duberman is Founder & President, The Leadership Development Group (TLD Group), and Paul Erdahl is a senior consultant at TLD Group. The TLD Group helps boards of health care organizations position themselves for success through board retreats, board assessment, and selection, board succession planning, board team effectiveness, and more. In this article, they explore how talent management strategies can be used to build effective boards.
Past, present, and future of green product innovation
Authors: Khan Sher Jahan , Dhir Amandeep , Parida Vinit , Papa Armando
Published: July 2021

Firms are under constant pressure from various governmental and nongovernmental agencies to switch from conventional environmentally polluting products to green product innovations (GPIs). However, the relevant research pertaining to GPI has been published in a diverse set of journals that vary in their scope and readership and, therefore, the scholarly contribution to the topic remains largely fragmented. This study has utilised a systematic literature review approach to examine the literary corpus on GPI to paint a holistic picture of its different aspects. The content and thematic analysis of 85 studies resulted in the extraction of seven key research themes: organisational capabilities, organisational learning, institutional pressures, barriers, structural changes, benefits of GPI, and methodological choices. This study's findings further highlight the various gaps in the GPI literature and raise some research questions that warrant scholarly investigation in the future. Likewise, our study has important implications for practitioners who are likely to benefit from a holistic understanding of the different aspects of GPI. Similarly, policymakers can use this study's findings to introduce policy interventions, especially in countries where GPI adoption is low.
Functional neurological symptoms: Optimising efficacy of inpatient treatment and preparation for change using the Queen Square Guided Self‐Help
Authors: Humblestone Susan , Roelofs Jacob , Selai Caroline , Moutoussis Michael
Published: July 2021

Objective

Functional neurological symptoms (FNS) are disabling symptoms without macro‐structural cause. While inpatient treatment confers important benefits, it is resource‐intensive, and hence, it is important to optimise its efficiency.

Methods

We developed a brief, Internet‐based preparatory therapy based on psychoeducation and CBT, termed the Queen Square Guided Self‐help (QGSH), to maximise the efficacy of the inpatient FNS treatment at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery.

Results

The QGSH aims to ensure that prior to admission, the patient understands (a) the diagnosis of FNS, (b) the five‐areas CBT model and (c) the use of goal setting in rehabilitation. It has now run since 2017, and 191 patients have taken part in the inpatient FNS programme, with 122 of these having participated in the QGSH. It runs for up to 12 weeks and includes original videos and patient worksheets, as well as signposting to existing published resources. Information is sent weekly by email, and content is delivered in the form of 11 modules built around online video sessions.

Conclusion

We believe that the set of materials used in QGSH has the potential to benefit patients with FNS and can support clinicians wishing to develop their expertise. It could help with the development of new FNS services, and we are in the process of developing it into a stand‐alone service. We hope that the experience of the Queen Square team can be used to help patients and clinicians to improve the provision of FNS services.
Fluctuation in electrical hearing in a Morbus Meniere’s patient
Authors: Hast Anne , Meßbacher Maria‐Elena , Liebscher Tim , Hornung Joachim , Hoppe Ulrich
Published: July 2021

The glycerol test is an easy‐to‐use instrument to elucidate fluctuations of electrical hearing in patients with Meniere's disease and it might be also used as a therapeutic option.
Recurrent chest pain as a rare presentation of extra‐pelvic endometriosis
Authors: Hussein Mousa , Albakri Mutaz , Ismail Shanima , Alabbas Abbas , Al Hyassat Samir
Published: July 2021

Periodic chest pain, with bloody pleural effusion should raise the suspicion of pleural endometriosis as a well‐known, but a rare condition in clinical practice.
A diffuse large B‐cell thyroid lymphoma presented as a compressive goiter in a young woman with no evidence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Oueslati Ibtissem , Chatti Hiba‐Allah , Yazidi Meriem , Chaker Fatma , Chihaoui Melika
Published: July 2021

Thyroid lymphoma should be suspected in case of rapid enlargement of the thyroid gland even in a young patient with no history of Hashimoto thyroiditis. The confirmation is based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry.
Procedure of choice in a patient initially operated for a suspected epithelial appendiceal neoplasm
Authors: Xenou Antigoni , Vranou Eugenia , Boulas Konstantinos A. , Nathanailidou Maria , Kyriakidou Eytyxia , Sitaridis Konstantinos , Filippidis Isaac , Hatzigeorgiadis Anestis
Published: July 2021

In patients operated for a suspected appendiceal neoplasm, radical appendectomy is the procedure of choice because it provides definitive treatment in most of appendiceal neoplasms, except from mucinous or colonic‐type adenocarcinoma and NET>2 cm.
Hyponatremia and extrapontine myelinolysis in a patient with COVID‐19: A case report
Authors: Abd Ur Rehman Muhammad , Abdulrahman Abdulrahman Fadhl , Zainab Aariz , Paksoy Yahya , Kharma Nadir
Published: July 2021

Until we have strong evidence to the contrary, symptomatic hyponatremia should be treated with extra caution in COVID‐19 co‐infection patients as the latter could be another risk factor for the development of extrapontine myelinolysis.
A 70‐Year‐Old Mystery in Technetium Chemistry Explained by the New Technetium Polyoxometalate [H7O3]4[Tc20O68] ⋅ 4H2O
Authors: German Konstantin E. , Fedoseev Alexander M. , Grigoriev Mikhail S. , Kirakosyan Gayane A. , Dumas Thomas , Den Auwer Christophe , Moisy Philippe , Lawler Keith V. , Forster Paul M. , Poineau Frederic
Published: July 2021

[H7O3]4[Tc20O68] ⋅ 4H2O [1] was prepared from an aqueous Tc2O7 solution concentrated over anhydrous H2SO4. [Tc20O68]4− is the first polyanionic species to be reported for Tc. The unit cell contains one centrosymmetric [Tc20O68]4− polyanion as well as hydronium ions and water molecules. The core of the structure consists of four Tc(V)O6 octahedra that form a square Tc4O4 ring. The four Tc(V)O6 octahedra are decorated by sixteen Tc(VII)O4 tetrahedra. Calculations show the bonding within the Tc4O4 ring to consist of a 3‐center bond formed between each neighboring pair of Tc atoms and their bridging oxygen. Calculations also indicate that a strong d→d electronic transition at 513 nm is the origin of the red color of [1]. The characterization of red HTcO4 solutions by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy has complemented the description of this compound in aqueous solution. The formation mechanisms in solution, including the possible role of technetium's radioactivity in the formation of [1], are discussed.