bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Allium sativum, Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale Extract on Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) Levels of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Santoso Agnes , Gatot Dairion , Mardia Andri Iskandar
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Progressivity of breast cancer evaluated through examination of tumor markers. Serum Ca 15-3 is tumor markers used to assess the progression. Various treatments have been developed to suppress the progression, one of which the provision of plant extractions. Extracts of Allium sativum, Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale considered useful as anti-cancer, but no research discusses the combined benefits of extracts against breast cancer, especially Ca 15 -3.
Method: Open label clinical trial study with one group pretest posttest design was conducted at USU hospital on June 28, 2021 to July 18, 2021. Population came from breast cancer survivor community in Medan, consecutive sampling technique. Samples that met inclusion and exclusion criteria were examined for Ca 15 -3 before and after administration of extract Allium sativum, Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale with dose 500 mg twice a day for 28 days. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.
Results: Of 20 breast cancer patients analyzed with mean age of 52.7 years, majority stage III A or III B breast cancer (30%). Median CA 15-3 before administration of extracts of Allium sativum, Zingiber and Curcuma longa 12.82 (3.29-45.81) g/mL and after administration of extracts 8.24 (2.83-47.46) g/mL, decrease but not statistically significant.
Conclusion: There was decrease in median CA 15-3 before and after extraction, but not statistically significant.

Keywords: Breast Cancer, CA 15 – 3, Allium sativum, Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale.
High D-dimer Level in Fracture Patient with Asymptomatic Covid-19: Dilemmatic Surgery Decision - A Serial Case Report
Authors: Kusuma I Made Wira , Antariksa I Made Iman , Darma Wibawa Ida Bagus Gde
Published: October 2021

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmittable virus. D-dimer associated with high fatality rate in COVID-19 with pneumonia and fractures. COVID-19 make surgical decision more challenging. Thrombosis plays an important mechanism in severity of COVID-19 and could be measured through D-dimer level.
Case illustrations: We report 4 fracture cases with asymptomatic COVID-19. 1st case diagnosed close fracture in right 1/3 distal cruris without pneumonia, D-dimer 2420 ng/dl. Surgery 20 days after trauma with decreased D-dimer level. 2nd case, was diagnosed with close fracture in the left cruris and right 1/3 middle of clavicle with pneumonia, D-dimer level 6670 ng/dl, decision obtained in 27 days after hospitalization with decreased D-dimer. 3rd case diagnosed open fracture in left 1/3 distal humerus with pneumonia, D-dimer level 1020 ng/dl. Surgery 32 days after trauma with decreased D-dimer. 4th case diagnosed open fracture in left 1/3 proximal humeral and left medial phalanx index finger with pneumonia. The D-dimer level 2830 ng/dl. Surgery was obtained 17 days after trauma with decreased D-dimer.
Discussion: Pandemic creates gray zone in orthopedic surgery. D-dimer found increased in COVID-19 and fracture patients. Asymptomatic case can be operated on 10th day post positive result as long as the general condition is optimal. D-dimer also important in making the decision to perform surgery. D-dimer over 2500 ng/mL have greater risk for being VTE in fracture patients.
Conclusion: The pandemic has creates a large gray zone. The strategies for decision making includes general condition and severity COVID-19 also D-dimer level.

Keywords: D-dimer, COVID-19, Fracture, Surgery.
LEGAL AND TECHNICAL DEFECTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NORMS ESTABLISHING CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR FICTITIOUS LEGAL RELATIONS
Authors: Abdulkhannyanov I.A.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with an actual and little-studied form of fictitious in law – fictitious legal relations. It is noted that fictitious legal relations are reflected in various branches of law, however, criminal liability is established for the most dangerous manifestations of them, enshrined in articles 197, 3222 and 3223 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The study of these crimes has shown that they contain some legal and technical defects that negatively affect the quality of the application of criminal legislation. It is concluded that it is necessary to consolidate the identical wording of fictitious bankruptcy in criminal and administrative legislation, to bring articles 3222 and 3223 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation into a unified form and supplement the note to article 3222 of the Criminal Code with the concept of fictitious registration of citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons.
SOCIAL, LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE CRIMINALIZATION OF MALICIOUS EVASION OF CREDITS DEBT PAY- MENT (article 177 Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
Authors: Agaev A.G. , Safonov V.N. , Zorina E.A. , Prokofyeva S.M.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the issue of the validity of the criminalization of evasion from repayment of accounts payable, provided for in article 177 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Noting that the question of the expediency of criminalizing acts in the sphere of economic activity is one of the most debatable in modern criminal law in Russia, the authors cite different views of scientists and practitioners. The problem of applying article 177 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is identified due to the absence of the concept of malicious evasion from repayment of accounts payable in the current legislation. The methods of committing this crime are considered. In addition, the data of judicial practice on cases of debt collection on accounts payable are presented. Attention is drawn to the issues of the effectiveness of the norm provided for in article 177 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The results of the study indicate in favor of leaving malicious evasion from repayment of accounts payable in the criminal law system. The authors come to the conclusion that not only the regulatory framework for countering malicious evasion from repayment of accounts payable needs to be improved, but also law enforcement practice.
PEACE OF WESTPHALIA AND THE FORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL ECO- NOMIC LAW
Authors: Belyaev M.P.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the influence of the Peace of Westphalia on the formation of international economic law. The author examines the economic situation in which the Holy Roman Empire found itself as a result of the Thirty Years' War. New customs and road taxes were introduced and old customs tariffs were raised. All continental trade was paralyzed. The decisions of the Westphalian Congress were based on the concept of freedom of trade. All customs duties, taxes and other restrictions that were arbitrarily introduced without the consent of the emperor and the electors were abolished. Even before the outbreak of the war, debt obligations had reached significant proportions. For the period of the signing of the Peace of Westphalia, moratoriums were introduced for 5 years on the payment of interest and repayment of debts. At the Regensburg Reichstag in 1654, proposals for compensation at the regional level, on the settlement of loan agreements and payment of interest on contributions, on a decrease in interest on current contributions were developed.
De lege ferenda cu privire la reglementările cu impact asupra activității comisiilor de etică universitară
Authors: SALCĂ ROTARU Cristina Mihaela , MANEA Laura
Published: October 2021

Prevederile legislative aplicabile activității comisiilor de etică universitară din România sunt multiple și de cele mai multe ori contradictorii. Astfel, activitatea comisiilor de etică universitară este mult mai dificilă, iar finalitatea procedurilor este pusă sub semnul incertitudinii. Acest articol subliniază necesitatea modificării acelor dispoziții privind termenele și procedura de soluționare, precum și modul de punere în aplicare a acestora. Studiul are la bază cercetarea efectuată asupra literaturii de specialitate, legislației aferente, jurisprudenței naționale și a hotărârilor consiliilor consultative de pe pe lângă ministerele de resort. La final sunt prezentate propunerile de lege ferenda ale autoarelor privind armonizarea Legii nr. 1 din 2011 și din Legea nr. 206 din 2004.
Participatory process for mapping socio-environmental determinants of health by community agents: Contributions to urban management and planning
Authors: Toledo Renata Ferraz de , Koury Ana Paula , Carvalho Carolina Monteiro de , Santos Francisco Nilson Paiva dos
Published: October 2021

Studies about socio-environmental determinants are recognized as important to better understand the factors that influence health and quality of life, and how they operate to generate inequalities. This article reports the mapping of socio-environmental determinants of health, carried out by community health agents from the community of Paraisópolis, the second-largest slum in the city of São Paulo (state of São Paulo), seeking to analyze potential contributions of this participatory process to urban management and planning. As part of an action research study and following the stages of Paulo Freire’s Research Itinerary (Culture Circles), the mapping was carried out by integrating the Talking Map technique with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), in what has been called Participatory GIS or Geographic Information Systems with Social Participation (PGIS). Positive aspects were recognized and addressed by community agents, as well as several situations of socio-environmental vulnerability as a result of the agglomerated nature of the place, directly related to urban management and planning needs. This shows that, through a participatory mapping process, citizens cannot only better identify, but also more effectively communicate their needs and qualify intervention strategies in the territory. Therefore, it is possible to address the residents’ priorities more representatively, especially in places where traditionally marginalized social groups live. And also, community health agents, who play a central role in this research process because they live and work in the same place, are fundamental to boost, mobilize, and support the complex aspects involved, both in Primary Health Care, as well as in urban management and planning.
Annealing Effect on the SnSe Nanocrystalline Thin Films and the Photovoltaic Properties of the p-SnSe/n-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Ahmed Ghuzlan Sarhan , Al-Maiyaly Bushra K. H. , Salman Seham Hasan , Rabeea Rajaa Faisal
Published: October 2021

A thin film of SnSe were deposited by thermal evaporation technique on 400 ±20 nm thick glass substrates of these films were annealed at different temperatures (100,150,200 ⁰C), The effect of annealing on the characteristics of the nano crystalline SnSe thin films was investigated using XRD, UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and Hall effect measurements. The results of X-ray displayed that all the thin films have polycrystalline and orthorhombic structure in nature, while UV-VIS study showed that the SnSe has direct band gap of nano crystalline and it is changed from 60.12 to 94.70 nm with increasing annealing temperature. Hall effect measurements showed that all the films have a positive Hall coefficient, which means that the conductivity of the films is p-type. The conductivity of SnSe films was increased with increasing annealing temperatures (except that at 200⁰C). The I-V characteristics under illumination for the "p-SnSe/n-Si” solar cell displayed an increase in conversion efficiency with increasing annealing temperature from R.T to 150⁰C, while at 200⁰C, this efficiency was decreased. The measurements of the C-V characteristics displayed that all junctions were abrupt type. It is clear from C-V measurements that the capacitance decreased with increasing reverse bias voltage which leads to an increase in the depletion width.
Study of the Effect of Nitrate and Sulfate Solutions on the Properties of Copper Nanopowder Synthesized by Electrochemical Method
Authors: AL-Darkazali Hind , Noaman Riyadh M. , Mahmmod Muthana , Acopy Raad , Dawood Akram
Published: October 2021

The electrochemical method is efficient, cost effective, and environmentally friendly process. Copper nanopowder has been known, as a nontoxic, inexpensive, highly conductive, excellent microbial agent, catalytic, and sensors applicable. Copper nanopowder was prepared by an electrochemical method under various conditions. The effect of type and concentration of electrolyte solution, and the sample treated with thiourea and ascorbic acid on the size and purity of copper nanopowder was investigated. Two different salts copper: sulfate and nitrate aqueous solutions (CuSO4.5H2O), Cu(NO3)2.5H2O were used to produce copper nanopowder. The synthesized copper nanopowder was identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), the scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectrum (EDS). The results of XRD patterns revealed a high degree of crystallinity, monophasic nature, and pure copper powder with no impurities or oxides observed for both electrolyte solutions after treated with 2 percent of ascorbic acid. It was confirmed that particle size at room temperature was as small as 25nm when the copper nitrate is used as an electrolyte solution compared to copper sulfate (41nm).
Autoevaluación y acreditación en carreras profesionales de Contabilidad: procesos, dificultades y resultados (Arequipa, 2018)
Authors: Galván Rodríguez Sara Obdulia , Torres de Manchego Victoria
Published: October 2021

Este artículo describe los problemas en los que se encuentran inmersos los procesos de autoevaluación y de acreditación universitarios mediante la aplicación de modelos avalados por el Sistema Nacional de Evaluación, Acreditación y Certificación de la Calidad Educativa (SINEACE). En esta línea, se identifica cuáles son las características de la autoevaluación y la acreditación universitaria en el contexto latinoamericano, nacional y, en específico, de la Escuela Profesional de Contabilidad de la Universidad Católica de Santa María de Arequipa para, a partir de ello, develar las dificultades presentadas en cada caso. Además, mediante el empleo de fuentes primarias y secundarias, se ha respetado un método de indagación, recolección, organización, análisis e interpretación de información, así como resultados de investigaciones, tesis, libros, documentos impresos y electrónicos del SINEACE, y el registro de casos puntuales. Con relación a las características de la autoevaluación, se encuentra que la ausencia de mecanismos de control perjudica el proceso y que es preciso practicar autoevaluaciones para la mejora continua. Por su parte, sobre las características de la acreditación, se valora la intervención del egresado en la validación del cumplimiento de las competencias profesionales, dado que el vínculo directo con el grupo de interés es sumamente importante para este fin. Finalmente, sobre las dificultades para ambos procesos, se han encontrado deficiencias en la articulación interna, el diseño y gestión de las políticas de gobierno y de carácter financiero, el empleo del liderazgo, y en la participación integral al elaborar planes de trabajo a mediano y largo plazo.
Gestión de gasto social del Gobierno local y su incidencia en la salud materna infantil (Acochaca–Ancash, periodo 2008–2017)
Authors: Tinoco Palacios Luciano Fermín
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo busca establecer la incidencia del gasto social y nivel de la salud materna infantil del distrito de Acochaca (Ancash), durante el periodo 2008-2017, mediante un análisis económico y de salud pública del caso mencionado. El estudio se enmarca bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, longitudinal y no experimental, y emplea la correlación de Pearson y la regresión múltiple lineal, con modelo econométrico. Para ello, la población de estudio corresponde a niños menores de 5 años y madres gestantes, ambos inscritos en el centro de salud de Acochaca. Se concluye que no existe relación inversa entre la ejecución del gasto social corriente y el gasto de capital, en relación a la mejora de la salud materna infantil en el distrito mencionado. Además, se hallaron otros factores que, si bien distorsionan este escenario, no invalidan la tesis propuesta.
Las modificaciones tributarias y la aplicación del devengado en los campos contable y tributario
Authors: García Bayona Juana
Published: October 2021

Las diversas transformaciones que se han suscitado a nivel mundial han generado una serie de cambios en todo ámbito de la vida humana y el manejo económico no es una excepción. En este campo, una de las problemáticas más inquietantes es el reconocimiento del ingreso futuro que se enmarca dentro del principio del devengo, situación que genera múltiples confusiones en su aplicación contable y tributaria. En este sentido, el devengado, en el campo contable, se puede entender como el nacimiento de derechos y obligaciones, mientras que, en el ámbito tributario, este se da a partir de la obligación del hecho tributario. Tomando en cuenta estas consideraciones, surgió la inquietud de revisar el Decreto Legislativo N° 1425, que se emitió con la finalidad de esclarecer el panorama contable para efectos del impuesto a la renta, y otorgar un marco normativo que permita unificar criterios, para lo cual, entre otros importantes alcances, se define el término “devengo” por primera vez. Desde esta perspectiva, el presente artículo busca establecer el alcance de las modificaciones tributarias para la aplicación del devengado en los campos contable y tributario.
Reflexiones éticas en torno al profesional contable: de la guía preventiva a la sanción y mediciones obligadas
Authors: Llanos Ocampo Patricia Rita
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo busca reflexionar sobre aspectos primordiales de la ética profesional contable, hacer visibles las herramientas disponibles y los procedimientos para la implementación de un sistema ético, así como proponer preliminarmente un método de medición y evaluación de la ética profesional. Para ello, desde un método descriptivo documental, se analiza el código de ética de la profesión global y nacional, el reglamento de investigación y disciplina, los códigos de conducta, y los modelos de sistemas éticos y de medición de valores, con el objeto de llamar la atención del profesional contable sobre la manera en que se realiza la formación ética, y la necesidad de implementar un sistema de medición y evaluación de los principios éticos. Finalmente, se concluye en llevar a cabo un trabajo integrado para sensibilizar en torno a una cultura ética; reformar su enseñanza, y actualizar y difundir permanentemente las herramientas disponibles para tal fin; fortalecer a las organizaciones contables, gremiales y empresariales con la implementación del sistema ético; y promover la investigación que desarrolle el sistema de medición y evaluación de la ética profesional contable.
Impacto de la deducción adicional de 3 UIT en la recaudación de las rentas de cuarta categoría (periodo 2017 – 2018): propuesta para mejorar el cumplimiento tributario del profesional
Authors: Jiménez Villarreyes Anyelina Selenita
Published: October 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el impacto de la deducción adicional de las 3 UIT en la recaudación tributaria del impuesto a la renta de cuarta categoría en el Perú en los años 2017 – 2018. Este interés parte por la falta de proyección que presentó el Estado al no trazar cuánta sería la recaudación en el periodo mencionado. Con la creación de la norma, se esperaba un incremento en la recaudación durante el primer año de aplicación (2017); sin embargo, hubo una caída que se fue regularizando enel 2018 desde la modificación de la Ley del Impuesto a la Renta, introducida por el Decreto Legislativo N.° 1258. En el mismo año, el Estado derogó los intereses de crédito hipotecario que eran deducibles al 100 % durante el 2017; sin embargo, no hubo apoyo de parte de las instituciones financieras en cuanto a la información de los créditos hipotecarios de los contribuyentes. Para entender este problema, el presente trabajo analiza la relación de gastos adicionales contemplados en la normativa impuesta por la Administración Tributaria en torno a la necesidad de que los contribuyentes exijan comprobantes de pagos. Con este fin, las fuentes principales consideradas provienen del Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas, y de la SUNAT, así como se revisaron otras investigaciones de índole similar. Finalmente, se plantean recomendaciones para el cumplimiento tributario de los prestadores de rentas de cuarta categoría (profesionales y de oficios).
Revista Completa Volumen 3 - Número 2
Authors: Díaz Becerra Oscar Alfredo , Morales Alvarado Lorenza
Published: October 2021

La Junta de Decanos de Colegios de Contadores Públicos del Perú, es una Institución de derecho público, siendo el máximo Organismo representativo de la profesión del Contador Público dentro del país y en el exterior, fue creada en noviembre de 1992, por Decreto Ley No 25892 y su reglamento aprobado por Decreto Supremo No 008-93-JUS.
Palabras del Director
Authors: Díaz Becerra Oscar Alfredo
Published: October 2021

Finalizamos el año 2020 con una coyuntura muy compleja, tanto en lo originado por la grave crisis sanitaria del COVID-19 y por la crisis política. La primera provocó una gran pérdida humana a nivel global y tuvo consecuencias económicas, y la segunda no solo afectó nuestra economía, sino también nos llevó a tener tres presidentes de la República en un año. Sin embargo, estos hechos no han impedido que podamos continuar nuestro trabajo, con las limitaciones que implica. Es así que cumplimos con presentar la publicación del segundo número de LA JUNTA. Revista de innovación e investigación contable, editada por la Junta de Decanos de Colegios de Contadores Públicos del Perú, correspondiente al año 2020.
Aspectos generales para la formación académica del Contador Público
Authors: Díaz Becerra Oscar Alfredo , Montes Bravo Mariana Gisela
Published: October 2021

El ejercicio de la profesión contable se ha visto influenciado por los cambios generados en las últimas décadas en la economía y en la sociedad en su conjunto, por lo cual surge la necesidad de revisar y adaptar el diseño curricular de la carrera de contabilidad a las nuevas tendencias. La formación por competencia se presenta como la posibilidad de lograr una formación en contabilidad que atienda las nuevas demandas y permita contar con contadores públicos capacitados para el nuevo entorno. La era digital también está originando grandes cambios en el actuar del contador público, por lo que se requiere incorporar los contenidos y estrategias relacionados en la formación profesional.
Efectos de la aplicación de la NIIF 16 en el Impuesto Temporal a los Activos Netos – ITAN
Authors: Esquivel Aguilar Elard Jhonny
Published: October 2021

A partir del 2019 se ha implementado en muchas empresas la NIIF 16 Arrendamientos, y con ello se ha dado lugar al reconocimiento de un activo derecho de uso y una correspondiente depreciación en el Estado de Situación Financiera del arrendatario. Una de las preguntas que se aborda en el presente trabajo es si este activo debería de incorporarse como base imponible del Impuesto Temporal a los Activos Netos (ITAN).

De acuerdo con la normativa del ITAN, se debe tomar como base el valor histórico de los activos netos consignados en el Balance General (hoy Estado de Situación Financiera). Sin embargo, queda la duda de si la base debe tomar en cuenta un “Activo Contable” o un “Activo Tributario”, sin considerar las deducciones que regula la propia norma.

Nos referimos a un “Activo neto contable”, cuando se debe partir de los activos definidos como tal en el Marco Conceptual y las NIIFs, por ejemplo, la aplicación de la NIIF 16. En el caso de los arrendamientos operativos, antes se reconocía directamente en los resultados y no se contabilizaba un activo ni sus efectos por estos conceptos.

Por ello, será importante que el legislador establezca reglas claras para la aplicación de los tributos. En el caso del ITAN se podría dar a partir de la línea del Tribunal Constitucional y el impuesto patrimonial; y en el del Impuesto a la Renta Empresarial, cuando se encuentran involucrados conceptos contables. No obstante, la faltade claridad en las normas origina contingencias a los contribuyentes y procesos innecesarios.
Palabras del Director
Authors: Díaz Becerra Oscar Alfredo
Published: October 2021

Han transcurrido tres años desde la creación de LA JUNTA. Revista de innovación e investigación contable, importante proyecto editorial a cargo de la Junta de Decanos de Colegios de Contadores Públicos del Perú, el cual va consolidando sus objetivos y metas de mediano plazo, con una publicación ininterrumpida, hasta llegar a la sexta edición, primera del año 2021, la cual presentamos con mucha satisfacción. La crisis sanitaria iniciada en el año 2020, la que continúa hasta la fecha de esta publicación, no ha sido impedimento para que los profesionales, docentes e investigadores, realicen proyectos de investigación y los postulen a la revista, para ser sometidos al proceso de evaluación por pares especialistas bajo la modalidad de doble ciego, antes de su aceptación para publicación.
Best Practices of Small Business Development Centers with Host Institutions
Authors: Irvin Jennifer A. , Minifie Jana R. , Runsewe Damilola , Thompson William G.
Published: October 2021

In 1980, the law creating Small Business Development Centers (SBDCs) was enacted. As part of the law, funding for local SBDCs comes from both the Small Business Administration (SBA) and a host institution such as a university and/or community college. The relationship between the host institution and the SBDC is not well defined except through the financial commitment. This research was an exploratory investigation to determine the extent in which SBDCs interact, if any, with their host institution. An open-ended survey was designed and distributed to over 600 SBDC Advisors as listed in America’s Small Business Development Centers’ (ASBDC) contact list. A total of 57 surveys were completed by the respondents. This research presents the summary of these questions as to the type of interaction, which students, and what activities these advisors had with the students of their host institution.
Guided Mastery:The scaffolding you need to grow stronger
Authors: Duckworth Angela
Published: October 2021

When Al Bandura died in July, he was 95 years old and among the most eminent psychologists in history. In the year before his death, Al and I began a lively correspondence—by phone calls, email, and once via U.S. mail. So much of what Al spent his career studying—and his own life exemplifying—is what all young people need in order to fulfill their dreams and their potential: personal agency.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC GASTRORETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY OF AN ANTI HYPERTENSIVE
Authors:   CMR College of Pharmacy Kandlakoya (v), Hyderabad - 501 401, India., Vishnu P , Naveen Babu K
Published: October 2021

Gastroretentive drug delivery systems are designed to prolong the gastric residence time after oral administration, at specific site and controlling the release of drug, especially being useful for achieving controlled plasma level as well as improving bioavailability. In the present work, gastroretentive tablets of eprosartan mesylate were prepared with hydrophilic swellable polymers like Polyox WSR coagulant, Polyox WSR 301 and Polyox WSR N 80 and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose K100M and K15M as release retarding agents. Lactose and microcrystalline cellulose were used as diluents. Citric acid and Tromethamine were used as pH modifiers. The prepared tablets (F-I to F-XX) were evaluated for all physico-chemical parameters, in vitro dissolution, swelling studies and release kinetics. From the results, optimized formulation F-X maintained tablet strength due its constant swelling rate over a period of time and showing a drug release of more than 95% at 12th hour. The drug release followed zero order and the kinetics best fitted into Higuchi model. The optimized batch stability studies were carried out at 40°C /75%RH storage condition up to 4 weeks and there was no significant change in physico-chemical parameters, in vitro drug release profile and swelling index.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A RP-UFLC ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OPIPRAMOL IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India., Rohith S.B , Gurupadayya B.M , Chandan R.S
Published: October 2021

A novel ultra-fast liquid chromatography (RP- UFLC) analytical method has been developed to quantify opipramol in tablet formulations. The determination was carried out by means of a Phenomenex Luna C8 Column (250×4.60mm, 5μ); potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer of pH 2.4 and acetonitrile was used as a mobile phase in the ratio of 60:40 V/V with a flow rate of 1.00 mL/min. The photo diode array (PDA) detector was operated at wavelength of 253nm. The retention time for opipramol was found to be 2.72min. The validation studies were carried out according to ICH guidelines with a specific aim to establish that the new analytical method developed complied with the validation guidelines. The main parameters for validation study are specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and robustness. This method can be used for quality control analysis of opipramol in pure and marketed formulation.
PRELIMINARY PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON AERIAL ROOTS OF FICUS BENGHALENSIS LINN.
Authors:   SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Gate No.1, SVKM Campus, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400 056, India., Jain S. J. , Khan T. A.
Published: October 2021

The aerial roots of Ficus benghalensis Linn (Moraceae) have been reported to have immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial and hair growth promoting activities. There are no reports on pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigations of these aerial roots. The aim of the present study was evaluation of sectional microscopy, powder characteristics, preliminary phytochemical screening of successive solvent extracts (petroleum ether, toluene, dichloromethane, methanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts) of the aerial roots. The result of the sectional microscopy indicated the presence of cork cells, phloem and xylem. The powder characteristics indicated the presence of calcium oxalate crystals, lignified fibers. Preliminary phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, phenolics and saponins. An extract rich in flavonoids (ethyl acetate rich extract) of the aerial roots was prepared and a quantitative analysis of total flavonoid and total phenolic content was done.
DESIGN OF POTENTIAL CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITORS USING PHARMACOPHORE OPTIMIZATION BY MOLECULAR MODELING STUDIES
Authors:   Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Rajaram Nagar, Kasegaon - 415 404, Maharastra, India., Todkar S. S , Hoshmani A. H.
Published: October 2021

Recently discovery of relation between cyclooxygenase–2 (COX–2) inhibition and prevention of growth of cansar cells is a major area for research in medicinal chemistry, as it is free from side effects which are genetically shown by developed anticancer agents. In an attempt to develop potent and nontoxic COX–2 inhibitors, we have optimized the 1,5- diaryl pyrazole pharmacophore by using molecular modeling studies. In this paper we present results of 2D and 3D QSAR studies of a series of 22 molecules containing 1,5- diaryl pyrazole pharmacophore as selective COX–2 inhibitors. The 3D QSAR studies were performed using two different methods, stepwise variable selection k–nearest neighbor molecular field analysis (SW kNN–MFA) and simulated annealing k–nearest neighbor molecular field analysis (SA kNN–MFA) methods. The 2D QSAR studies were performed using multiple regressions. 3D QSAR studies produced reasonably good predictive models with high cross–validated r2cv value of 0.732 and 0.783 and predicted r2 value of 0.882 and 0.794 values using the models SW kNN–MFA and SA kNN–MFA method, respectively, whereas the r2 & predicted r2 value in 2D QSAR studies was found to be 0.84914 & 0.9157, respectively. the 2D QSAR studies indicated contribution of different physicochemical descriptors and the result of 3D QSAR studies indicated the exact steric and electronic requirement in the ranges at various positions in the 1,5- diaryl pyrazole pharmacophore. The pharmacophore requirement for selective COX–2 inhibition was optimized and requirement at various positions around 1, 5- diaryl pyrazole pharmacophore were defined.
DEVELOPMENT OF HPTLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF ONDANSETRON AND RANITIDINE IN COMBINED DOSAGE FORM
Authors:   Babaria Institute of Pharmacy, BITS Edu Campus, Vadodara - Mumbai NH # 8, Varnama, Vadodara - 391 240, Gujarat, India., Patel P. J. , Shah D. A , Mehta F. A. , Chhalotiya U. K.
Published: October 2021

A simple, sensitive and precise high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC)method has been developed for the estimation of ondansetron (OND) and ranitidine (RAN) in combination. The method was employed on thin layer chromatography (TLC) and aluminium plates were precoated with silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase, while the solvent system was methanol. The Rf values were observed to be 0.5 ± 0.02, and 0.3 ± 0.02 for OND and RAN, respectively. The separated spots were densitometrically analyzed in absorbance mode at 299 nm. This method was linear in the range of 25-300 ng/band for OND and 50-600 ng/band for RAN. The limits of detection for OND and RAN were found to be 3.47 and 1.83 ng/band, respectively. The limits of quantification for OND and RAN were found to be 10.53 and 5.55 ng/band, respectively. The proposed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. The method was successfully applied to the estimation of OND and RAN in combined dosage form.
Aproximaciones al derecho a la verdad en la justicia transicional, en Colombia
Authors: Samudio Vera , Figueredo Alejandra
Published: October 2021

Resumen: La configuración de la verdad como el derecho a “saber qué ocurrió”, es uno de los pilares fundamentales del sistema de justicia transicional implementado tras la firma del Acuerdo Final de Paz entre el Gobierno colombiano y las FARC-EP. En la verdad se ha depositado parte im- portante de la esperanza por la construcción de una paz estable y duradera, y de la reconciliación en el país. En el presente artículo se sostiene que el derecho a la verdad en el funcionamiento del Sistema Integral de Verdad, Justicia, Reparación y No Repetición (sIvJRnR) se experimenta como una construcción ética, jurídica, política y fáctica, que se desarrolla en el marco de un proceso relacional, multidireccional y polifónico, que va cambiando, modificándose y perfeccionándose en el tiempo, y puede pasar, según las necesidades y problemas a resolver, de tener un carácter puramente instrumental y racional, a uno ampliamente axiológico y moral. Para ello, se presenta una propuesta de operacionalización de esta verdad en respuesta a interrogantes sobre su com- prensión: ¿Qué? ¿Cómo? ¿Para qué? ¿Cuándo? y ¿Quién?

Approaches to the Right to Truth in Transitional Justice in Colombia

Abstract: The truth’s configuration as the right to “know what happened” has become one of the fundamental pillars of the transitional justice system implemented after signing the Final Peace Agreement between the Colombian Government and the FARC-EP. Thus, in truth, lays the hope for building a stable and lasting peace and reconciliation in the country. This article sustains that the right to the truth in the operation of the Comprehensive System of Truth, Justice, Reparation and Non-Repetition (sIvJRnR) is experienced as an ethical, legal, political and factual construction that is developed within the framework of a relational, multidirectional and polyphonic process. This construction is changing, modifying and improving through time and can go, depending on the needs and problems to be solved, from having a purely instrumental and rational character to a broadly axiological and moral one. To this end, a proposal for operationalisation of this truth is presented in response to questions about its understanding: What? How? Why? When? and Who?

Keywords: Truth, Transitional Justice, Final Agreement, SIVJRNR
La paz imperfecta: una mirada a los puntos de tierras, participación política y solución al problema de drogas ilícitas en el posacuerdo
Authors: Daza Alfonso Felipe
Published: October 2021

Resumen: Uno de los hitos más relevantes en la historia reciente de Colombia es seguramente la firma del Acuerdo de Paz (2016), hecho que condujo al principio de la terminación del prolongado conflicto armado interno con la guerrilla más antigua de América Latina: las FARC-EP1. Con sus aciertos y tropiezos, el balance de su implementación puede ser agridulce. Por un lado, existen avances verificables en cada uno de los puntos eje del Acuerdo, aunque con varias particulari- dades. Por otro, haciendo una lectura general, cuatro años después del inicio de su ejecución, se puede evidenciar que este también ha sido un factor distanciador entre la sociedad colombiana. El análisis de este artículo se centró en tres de los seis puntos acordados, logrando un mayor detalle para cada caso.

Imperfect Peace: a Review to Land, Political Participation, and Solution to the Problem of Illicit Drugs in the Post-agreement

Abstract: One of the most relevant milestones in the recent history of Colombia is surely the signing of the Peace Agreement (2016), a fact that led to the beginning of the end of a prolonged internal armed conflict with the oldest armed group in Latin America, the FARC-EP. With its successes and failures, the balance of its implementation can be bittersweet. On the one hand, there are verifiable advances in each of the central points of the agreement, although with several peculiarities. On the other, making an overview, four years after the beginning of its implementation allow us to see that the agreement has been a distancing factor among Colombian society. The analysis is focused on 3 of the 6 agreed points, achieving a greater detail for each case.

Keywords: Peace Agreement, positive peace, negative peace, armed conflict, region
El difícil camino de la paz. Avatares de la implementación de los acuerdos Farc-Ep y gobierno colombiano en Icononzo (Tolima)
Authors: Pabón Wilson
Published: October 2021

Resumen: Con la firma  del  Acuerdo  Final  para  la  Terminación  del  Conflicto  y  la  Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera entre el Gobierno colombiano y la guerrilla de las FARC-EP, en noviembre de 2016, se establecieron una serie de acuerdos sobre diferentes puntos, entre ellos el establecimiento de unas zonas de concentración en varias regiones del país, en las cuales los excombatientes harían su tránsito a la vida civil. Para entender las dinámicas de lo sucedido en este importante proceso, se analiza el caso del espacio territorial de capacitación y reincorporación (ETCR) Antonio Nariño, en Icononzo (Tolima), el más cercano a Bogotá. Luego de un trabajo de campo de dos años, en el que se realizaron entrevistas con los habitantes de la región de Sumapaz, lo mismo que con quienes están alrededor del proceso, se plantea una perspectiva de análisis de corte etnográfico sobre el tema. Esto como paradigma de lo sucedido en el país, concretamente en el Sumapaz, una región en la cual tanto la guerra como la paz se han vivido desde hace más de setenta años, buscando aportar a la comprensión del conflicto armado interno en Colombia.

The Difficult Course to Peace. Avatars of the Implementation of the Farc - Colombian Government Peace Accords in Icononzo (Tolima)

Abstract: With the signing of the Peace Accords between the Colombian government and the Farc-Ep guerrilla in 2016, concentration zones were established in various regions of the country, in which ex-combatants would make their transition to civilian life. To understand the dynamics of what happened in this important process, the case of the ETCR Antonio Nariño in Icononzo (Tolima), the closest to Bogotá, is analyzed. As part of a two-year fieldwork, in which I conducted multiple interviews with the habitants of the Sumapaz region, as well as with those around the process, I propose a ethnographical analysis to this question. Such approach is proposed as a case study to understand the challenges provoked with the implementation of the peace accords in Colombia. In so doing, this chapter seeks to contribute to the understanding the internal armed conflict in this country while contextualizing such analysis in a region  in  which  both  war  and peace have been lived for more than seventy years.

Keywords: Colombia, Peace Accords, Internal Armed Conflict, Government-Farc, Sumapaz.
Effect of L-Carnitine and Yeast Chromium Supplementation on Productive Performance in Pekin and Sudani Duckling during Growth Period
Authors: Sobhy Hassan Hassan Mohamed , Ahmed Ali Khaled Abd El-Maboud , Gouda Ayman Ragab Abd El-Hameed
Published: October 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine and Yeast chromium supplementation on the productive performance of Pekin and Sudani duckling breeds. A total number of 450 both unsexed Pekin and Sudani ducklings (225 per each breed) one-day-old were investigated in the current study. The experimental period lasted 12 weeks of age. Experimental ducklings were randomly divided into the 5 equal treatments with 90 ducklings (45 number from both Pekin and Sudani ducklings per each). Each experimental treatment was randomly divided into 3 equal replicates of 30 ducklings (15 ducklings in each breed). The five experimental treatments were as follows: the first treatment was the control with basal diets, treatments 2 and 3 received basal diets supplemented with 300 and 450 mg/kg diet L-carnitine (LC), respectively, while treatments 4 and 5 received basal diets supplemented with 400 and 600 μg/kg diets Yeast chromium (Cr), respectively. The results indicated that growing duckling fed diets supplemented with LC and Cr were significantly improved in live body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. The relative weight of carcass quality and weight of lymphoid organs significantly increased with supplemented diets. Therefore, both duckling breeds fed on diets supplemented with 450 mg LC/kg resulted in better performance without any adverse effect on carcass quality as well as economic efficiency.
Coxiella Burnetii in Horses of Algeria: Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Ansel Samir , Benfodil Karima , Cherif Abdellah Mohamed , Abdelli Amine , Kaidi Rachid , Miroud Kamel , Ait-Oudhia Khatima
Published: October 2021

The Q fever is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii (an obligate intracellular bacterium). This pathogen affects humans, ruminants, equines, carnivores, rodents, and birds. A cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2017 to May 2018 to assess the seroprevalence and identify the risk factors of C. burnetii infection in horses (Equus Caballus) residing in three districts of Algerian, namely Tiaret, El-Bayadh, and Ghardaia. Serum samples collected from 182 horses were analyzed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Association of seropositivity with potential risk factors related to animals (e.g., age, gender, breed, housing, and presence of ticks), breeding characteristics (e.g., geographical localization, contact with animals), and environmental characteristics (i.e., presence of water source) was analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. An overall seroprevalence of 9.9% (18/182) was obtained. The univariate analysis of risk factors for C. burnetii seroprevalence demonstrated higher seropositivity in horses that had contact with small ruminants (p=0.004) and dromedaries (p=0.002) as well as in those living near a water source (p=0.036) and in El-Bayadh district (p=0.005). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk of C. burnetii infection was significantly higher in horses that were in contact with small ruminants (RR: 15.6). Algeria is endemic for Q fever in horses and prophylactic measures must be taken to reduce /prevent its transmission to animals and humans.
Effect of Heat Stress on Developmental Competence of In Vitro Matured Oocytes of Camelus Dromedaries with Different Qualities
Authors: Ashour G , El-Sayed Ashraf , Khalifa M , Ghanem Nasser
Published: October 2021

The deleterious effect of heat stress on cumulus-oocytes complexes (COCs) competence is well recognized in different livestock species. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of physiologically relevant heat stress on the developmental competence of camel COCs during in vitro maturation (IVM). A total of 1548 COCs were divided into six groups in this study. The groups were named K1 and K2 representing good and low-quality COCs incubated at 38.5oC for 30 hours. While K3 and k4 represent good and low-quality COCs exposed to 41oC for the first 6 hours of IVM. Finally, K5 and k6 represent the groups of good and low-quality COCs exposed to 42oC for the first 6 hours of IVM. After exposure of COCs to heat stress at 41°C and 42°C during the first 6 hours of in vitro maturation, the COCs were incubated at 38.5°C for 24 hours of IVM. The in vitro matured COCs were activated to cleave using ethanol followed by 4 mM 6-DMAP and developed embryos were cultured in vitro for 7 days post parthenogenetic activation. The results of this study indicated that heat stress at 42oC significantly decreased the Pb (polar body) extrusion rate in K4 and K6, compared to other groups. Additionally, the embryo cleavage rate was significantly lower for good and low-quality oocytes exposed to heat stress (K2, K3, K4, K5, and K6), compared to good quality COCs of the control group (K1). The cleavage rate was lower for low quality (K2; 63 ± 1.28) than good quality COCs (K1; 53 ± 1.85). The percentages of oocytes that developed to the blastocyst stage were lower for K2, K3, K4, K5, and K6 than K1. Moreover, the blastocyst rate was lower for K2 (9 ± 0.22) than K1 (15 ± 0.22). The results of this study indicated that exposure of camel oocytes to heat stress for 6 hours during in vitro maturation severely reduced extrusion of polar body, cleavage, and blastocyst rates. The low-quality camel COCs were reduced developmental capacity than good quality oocytes.
Control of Enviornmental Parametrs in A Greenhouse
Authors:   Information Technology Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engineering, New Delhi, India, .. Surinder ,   Information Technology Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engineering, New Delhi, INDIA,   Information Technology Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engineering, New Delhi, INDIA, .. Diksha , Kumari Vandana
Published: October 2021

This paper concentrates on the sustainable use of energy, water, and raw materials to increase production to meet the demand of a high population with available areas. In this work, a kind of automatically controlled greenhouse system of single-chip microcomputer based on sensors is described. This paper presents the system's hardware structure, working principle and process, and a large number of experiments on the effect of the control system. Five control parameters are chosen to increase the yield of the greenhouse, which can be used in indoor breeding and planting. Control actions are performed on the basis of the fusion of different parameters. For the actuation system, the greenhouse is controlled by relays. The proposed control framework permits sparing costs related to wear minimization and delaying the actuator's life, yet continuing promising execution comes out. Results and conclusions are derived by methods of simulation results.