bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation on water and air characteristics in Helicoidal Ramp Dropshafts
Authors: Zhang Shuangqing , Liu Hong , Liu Jiachun
Published: February 2022

Plunge dropshafts are widely used in urban drainage systems, but they can carry large amounts of air into the system, endangering the safety of the system. In this paper, a 3D numerical model is established to investigate the water flow configuration and air characteristics in a helicoidal ramp dropshaft. The simulations under different outlet pressures and water flow rates were simulated, and the results show that the air demand decreases with the increase of outlet pressure, especially in the case of low water flow. In the case of higher outlet pressure, the air demand first increases then decreases with the increase of the water flow rate. The dragging force of water has little effect on the pressure gradient in the dropshaft. The increase of ramp turns leads to the increase of terminal velocity at the same flow rate, and the air demand first increases and then decreases with the increase of ramp turns.
The link between organic matter composition and the biogas yield of full-scale sewage sludge anaerobic digestion
Authors: Liu Jin , Smith Stephen R.
Published: February 2022

The principal parameters influencing anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge have been extensively studied in controlled laboratory experiments, but the effects of sludge composition on full-scale systems have received relatively little attention. Sludge samples from eight major wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the UK were examined to determine the effects of sludge composition on digestion performance. The biogas yield (BY) was estimated by two different methods: (1) a standard approach based on the reduction in volatile solids (VS), and (2) a more detailed mass balance of major constituent fractions of organic matter in sludge. The results showed that BY increased significantly with the overall amount of VS contained in digester feed sludge. In terms of the effects of individual fractions, BY was significantly related to and increased with the fat and cellulose contents in raw sludge, consistent with the high calorific value of fat and the digestibilities of both substrates, relative to the other major organic components. The results demonstrated the importance of sludge composition on digester performance and strategies to maximise BY were identified, for instance, by increasing codigestion of high fat containing substrates, and by utilising fat, oil and grease collected in-sewer and at WWTP.
A Solid Phase Approach to Substituted Pyrimidines and Their Conversion into Condensed Heterocycles for Potential Use in Combinatorial Chemistry
Authors: Srivastava Sanjay K. , Haq W. , Chauhan P.M.S.
Published: February 2022

A novel general synthesis of substituted pyrimidine 3 has been carried out on solid support. The C-atoms earring the cyano, amino, carboxamido, as well as anchoring site have exploited to generate libraries of compounds 6-8,10,13,15,17, 19, 21, 23, 25 and 27. A novel strategy to cleave the resin to resin-site unsubstituted system has been developed and it provides 5,6-disubstituted pyrimidines 6-8. In addition, synthesis of 2,5,6-trisubstituted pyrimidines of prototype 10 were carried out by nucleophilic displacement of the anchor by various amines. Further investigations were directed toward the solid phase synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines 12, 16, 20 and 24 in which C-atoms earring the oxo, thio, amino,· anchoring site as well as NH could be introduced as center of diversity to generate libraries of compounds for potential use. 4-Aminopyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines 13 and 17 were obtained from fusion of 3a with urea or thiourea followed by cleavage of support while 3- phenylpyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines 21 and 27 were synthesized from cyclisation of 4 with phenyl isocyanate or isothiocyanate followed by release of resin. 7-substituted pyrimido[4,5- d]pyrimidines 15, 19, 23 and 27 were obtained by oxidation of 12, 16, 20 . and 24 followed by aminolytic cleavage of support.
Thoracic Spinal Anaesthesia for Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM)
Authors:   Departement of Anesthesiology Intensive Therapy and Pain Management, Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Hospital, Indonesia, Atmawan Derajad Bayu , Kurniawan Hanifa Agung ,   Departement of Anesthesiology Intensive Therapy and Pain Management, Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Hospital, Indonesia, Priyambada Priyambada ,   Departement of Oncology Surgery, Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Hospital, Indonesia
Published: February 2022

Background: Breast cancer mostly affects patients older than 65 years old. Geriatric patients may have comorbidities so the selection of anaesthesia for breast cancer surgery is challenging. In the past decade, thoracic spinal anaesthesia as regional anaesthesia was feasibly performed for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and minor breast surgery. This article aims to evaluate thoracal spinal anaesthesia for Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) in our hospital settings. Case: Three cases of Thoracal Spinal Anaesthesia were carried out for MRM surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment. This procedure consists of removal of breast tissue and the ipsilateral axillary contents. The comorbidities include hypertension, cardiomegaly, and mild anaemia. There was no conversion to general anaesthesia during surgery until completion. Duration for surgery less than 120 minutes. No significant hemodynamic instability and complaint were found during intra and postoperative. Conclusion: From these cases, thoracal spinal anaesthesia was acceptable as regional anaesthesia for MRM in geriatric patient.
Seria possível “ler” uma obra de literatura digital no videogame?: um comparativo entre obras literárias digitais e videogame
Authors: Matsuda Alice Atsuko , Marques Thiago Moreira
Published: February 2022

A presente análise pretende, ao cruzar as definições do que é um jogo eletrônico e o que é uma obra literária em meio digital, responder se seria possível ler uma obra literária digital em um videogame. Também é realizada a análise de dois jogos eletrônicos, Braid e Return of the Obra Dinn, de modo a elucidar se são semelhantes às obras literárias (digitais ou não). Para alcançar o objetivo, os pressupostos teóricos que embasam a análise são Katherine Hayles (2009); Jane Macgonigal (2012); Walter Benjamin (1987); Laurent Jenny (1979) entre outros.
Herramientas tecnológicas colaborativas como medio de aprendizaje en la Educación Superior del Ecuador
Authors: Cedeño Villacís Roxana Patricia
Published: February 2022

El siglo XXI, se ha marcado con un crecimiento acelerado en la tecnología de la información y comunicación (TIC) trayendo consigo herramientas muy interesantes y beneficiosas para ser usadas por los docentes universitarios en el proceso de aprendizaje de sus alumnos. Es indiscutible que esta generación está muy arraigada a los dispositivos móviles, ordenadores, a la comunicación permanente y recursos que ofrece la internet, haciendo que cada día se relacione con un cúmulo de información que la web provee. El rol del docente universitario de esta época tiene grandes retos que afrontar, pues tiene estudiantes en sus aulas con mayor conocimiento, habilidades cognitivas y con competencias tecnológicas que fueron adquiriendo desde su niñez. Es innegable, que el docente de este siglo debe estar preparado con estrategias que le permitan llegar a ellos. Es ahí, donde las TIC entran a jugar un papel preponderante en las aulas, convirtiéndose en un medio ideal para el proceso de aprendizaje de los alumnos de educación superior. El presente trabajo está orientado a detallar la importancia del proceso colaborativo, mencionar las herramientas colaborativas más conocidas y utilizadas para el aprendizaje en la educación superior; y, por último, señalar las conclusiones a las que se ha llegado mediante la revisión literaria.
Лазерно-индуцированные люминесцентные центры в алмазе: влияние экспозиции и длительности ультракоротких лазерных импульсов
Authors: Данилов П.А. , Кудряшов С.И. , Левченко А.О. , Олейничук Е.А. , Ковальчук О.Е.
Published: February 2022

The optical properties of point luminescent centers formed in the volume IaA-type natural diamond under the action of ultrashort laser pulses in the visible range (515 nm) with durations of 0.3–2.4 ps were investigated. The analysis using confocal Raman spectroscopy demonstrates the formation of nitrogen vacancy centers (NV) and there are no graphitization traces in processing areas. The luminescence amplitude of NV centers depends linearly on the exposure time at different durations of ultrashort laser pulses.
Исследование оптических нелинейных свойств объемного ZnSe для иммерсионных применений
Authors: Смирнов Н.А. , Рупасов А.Е. , Шелыгина С.Н. , Левченко А.О. , Савинов М.С. , Кудряшов С.И.
Published: February 2022

In this work, we study the nonlinear absorption of ultrashort laser pulses of variable duration (0.3–10 ps) in a bulk polycrystalline ZnSe dielectric. The transmission of the sample was measured for two wavelengths, 515 and 1030 nm, in a wide range of intensities. A nonlinear behavior of the transmission is found when the sample is irradiated with laser radiation at a wavelength of 515 nm with absorption saturation in the region of 3–5 TW/cm2. Surface damage thresholds were obtained for a wavelength of 1030 nm for pulse durations of 0.3–10 ps.
Формирование неклассических многофотонных состояний света со сжатыми квантовыми флуктуациями в волокнах из модифицированного висмутом теллуритного стекла
Authors: Сорокин А.А. , Дорофеев В.В. , Моторин С.Е. , Lyashuk I. , Porins J. , Leuchs G. , Bobrovs V.
Published: February 2022

An optical fiber with a high Kerr nonlinearity coefficient is proposed and produced from a bismuth-modified tellurite glass for creation of nonclassical multiphoton states of light. Specifically, we propose to use those fibers to squeeze the quantum fluctuations of one of the quadratures of light in the 20 W signal significantly below -10 dB compared to the standard quantum noise limit, which is important for various practical applications. Using numerical modeling based on stochastic nonlinear Schrodinger equation, we demonstrate noise squeezing stronger than -16 dB for lengths of tellurite fiber 6-14 m, while squeezing of -14 dB is expected in silica fibers for lengths of 120-300 m. Analytical formulas were used to analyse the physical factors which limit the squeezing achievable.
Самоорганизующиеся субволновые периодические решетки на поверхности кварцевого стекла
Authors: Бибичева С.А. , Рупасов А.Е. , Данилов П.А. , Ионин А.А. , Смирнов Н.А. , Кудряшов С.И. , Шелыгина С.Н. , Заколдаев Р.А.
Published: February 2022

Исследовано взаимодействие фемтосекундных лазерных импульсов с поверхностью кварцевого стекла. В результате интерференции между падающим излучением и поверхностными плазмон-поляритонами наблюдалось образование самоорганизующихся субволновых периодических структур с периодом 250 nm. Выявлена минимальная энергия в импульсе, при которой запись происходит без абляции поверхности. Ключевые слова: прямая лазерная запись, фемтосекундные лазерные импульсы, кварц, нанорешетки.
Перспективы использования жидкой иммерсии на основе наночастиц германия в ИК спектроскопии
Authors: Настулявичус А.А. , Хмельницкий Р.А. , Шелыгина С.Н. , Перваков К.С. , Кудряшов С.И.
Published: February 2022

Using the methods of nanosecond laser ablation in isopropyl alcohol and dry grinding of germanium, germanium nanoparticles were obtained for their possible application in liquid high-index immersion. Structural, chemical, and optical characterization of colloidal nanoparticles was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
An mHealth App to Support Caregivers in the Medical Management of Their Child With Cancer: Co-design and User Testing Study
Authors: Mueller Emily L , Cochrane Anneli R , Campbell Madison E , Nikkhah Sarah , Miller Andrew D
Published: February 2022

Background

Caregivers face new challenges and tasks when their child is diagnosed with cancer, which can be overwhelming. Mobile technology has the capacity to provide immediate support at their fingertips to aid in tracking symptoms, managing medication, and planning for emergencies.

Objective

The objective of this study is to engage directly with end users and proxies to co-design and create a mobile technology app to support caregivers in the medical management of their child with cancer.

Methods

We engaged directly with caregivers of children with cancer and pediatric oncology nurse coordinators (proxy end users) to co-design and create the prototype of the Cope 360 mobile health app. Alpha testing was accomplished by walking the users through a series of predetermined tasks that encompassed all aspects of the app including tracking symptoms, managing medications, and planning or practicing for a medical emergency that required seeking care in the emergency department. Evaluation was accomplished through recorded semistructured interviews and quantitative surveys to capture demographic information and measure the system usability score. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed iteratively using NVivo (version 12; QSR International).

Results

This study included 8 caregivers (aged 33-50 years) of children with cancer, with most children receiving chemotherapy, and 6 nurse coordinators, with 3 (50%) of them having 11 to 20 years of nursing experience. The mean system usability score given by caregivers was 89.4 (95% CI 80-98.8). Results were grouped by app function assessed with focus on specific attributes that were well received and those that required refinement. The major issues requiring refinement included clarity in the medical information and terminology, improvement in design of tasks, tracking of symptoms including adjusting the look and feel of certain buttons, and changing the visual graph used to monitor symptoms to include date anchors.

Conclusions

The Cope 360 app was well received by caregivers of children with cancer but requires further refinement for clarity and visual representation. After refinement, testing among caregivers in a real-world environment is needed to finalize the Cope 360 app before its implementation in a randomized controlled trial.
Leveraging Machine Learning to Understand How Emotions Influence Equity Related Education: Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Sukhera Javeed , Ahmed Hasan
Published: February 2022

Background

Teaching and learning about topics such as bias are challenging due to the emotional nature of bias-related discourse. However, emotions can be challenging to study in health professions education for numerous reasons. With the emergence of machine learning and natural language processing, sentiment analysis (SA) has the potential to bridge the gap.

Objective

To improve our understanding of the role of emotions in bias-related discourse, we developed and conducted a SA of bias-related discourse among health professionals.

Methods

We conducted a 2-stage quasi-experimental study. First, we developed a SA (algorithm) within an existing archive of interviews with health professionals about bias. SA refers to a mechanism of analysis that evaluates the sentiment of textual data by assigning scores to textual components and calculating and assigning a sentiment value to the text. Next, we applied our SA algorithm to an archive of social media discourse on Twitter that contained equity-related hashtags to compare sentiment among health professionals and the general population.

Results

When tested on the initial archive, our SA algorithm was highly accurate compared to human scoring of sentiment. An analysis of bias-related social media discourse demonstrated that health professional tweets (n=555) were less neutral than the general population (n=6680) when discussing social issues on professionally associated accounts (χ2 [2, n=555)]=35.455; P<.001), suggesting that health professionals attach more sentiment to their posts on Twitter than seen in the general population.

Conclusions

The finding that health professionals are more likely to show and convey emotions regarding equity-related issues on social media has implications for teaching and learning about sensitive topics related to health professions education. Such emotions must therefore be considered in the design, delivery, and evaluation of equity and bias-related education.
A Smart Mobile App to Simplify Medical Documents and Improve Health Literacy: System Design and Feasibility Validation
Authors: Hendawi Rasha , Alian Shadi , Li Juan
Published: February 2022

Background

People with low health literacy experience more challenges in understanding instructions given by their health providers, following prescriptions, and understanding their health care system sufficiently to obtain the maximum benefits. People with insufficient health literacy have high risk of making medical mistakes, more chances of experiencing adverse drug effects, and inferior control of chronic diseases.

Objective

This study aims to design, develop, and evaluate a mobile health app, MediReader, to help individuals better understand complex medical materials and improve their health literacy.

Methods

MediReader is designed and implemented through several steps, which are as follows: measure and understand an individual’s health literacy level; identify medical terminologies that the individual may not understand based on their health literacy; annotate and interpret the identified medical terminologies tailored to the individual’s reading skill levels, with meanings defined in the appropriate external knowledge sources; evaluate MediReader using task-based user study and satisfaction surveys.

Results

On the basis of the comparison with a control group, user study results demonstrate that MediReader can improve users’ understanding of medical documents. This improvement is particularly significant for users with low health literacy levels. The satisfaction survey showed that users are satisfied with the tool in general.

Conclusions

MediReader provides an easy-to-use interface for users to read and understand medical documents. It can effectively identify medical terms that a user may not understand, and then, annotate and interpret them with appropriate meanings using languages that the user can understand. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of using this tool to improve an individual’s understanding of medical materials.
Prevalence and Age-Related Patterns in Health Information–Seeking Behaviors and Technology Use Among Skin Cancer Survivors: Survey Study
Authors: Marchetti Michael Armando , Sar-Graycar Liliane , Dusza Stephen W , Nanda Japbani K , Kurtansky Nicholas , Rotemberg Veronica M , Hay Jennifer L
Published: February 2022

Background

Information is an unmet need among cancer survivors. There is a paucity of population-based data examining the health information–seeking behaviors and attitudes of skin cancer survivors.

Objective

We aimed to identify the prevalence and patterns of health information–seeking behaviors and attitudes among skin cancer survivors across age groups.

Methods

We analyzed population-based data from the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey 5 (Cycle 3).

Results

The 5438 respondents included 346 (6.4%) skin cancer survivors (mean age 65.8 years); of the 346 skin cancer survivors, the majority were White (96.4% [weighted percentages]), and 171 (47.8%) were men. Most reported having ever looked for health- (86.1%) or cancer-related (76.5%) information; 28.2% stated their last search took a lot of effort, and 21.6% were frustrated. The internet was most often cited as being the first source that was recently used for health or medical information (45.6%). Compared to skin cancer survivors younger than 65 years old, those 65 years of age or older were more likely to see a doctor first for important health information (≥65 years: 68.3%;<65 years: 36.2%; P<.001) and less likely to have health and wellness apps (≥65 years: 26.4%; <65 years: 54.0%, P=.10), to have watched a health-related YouTube video (≥65 years: 13.3%; <65 years: 27.4%; P=.02), and to have used electronic means to look for information (≥65 years: 61.4%;<65 years: 82.3%, P<.001)

Conclusions

Searches for health information are common among skin cancer survivors, but behaviors and attitudes are associated with age, which highlights the importance of access to doctors and personalized information sources.
Deep Learning Skin Disease Classifiers: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Gupta Somesh
Published: February 2022

Background

Most studies on deep learning skin disease classifiers are done with binary classifications (ie, classifying lesions into malignant and benign). However, dermatology practice involves a large number of inflammatory and infective conditions that are not easily diagnosed by nondermatologist physicians.

Objective

The aim of this study is to develop a machine learning–based smartphone app for multiclass skin disease classification and evaluate its performance in different levels of dermatology practice. We will also explore similar studies in the literature.

Methods

We developed an artificial intelligence–driven smartphone app for 40 common skin diseases and tested it in primary care, tertiary care, and private practice settings.

Results

In the clinical study, the overall top-1 accuracy was 75.07% (95% CI 73.75%-76.36%), top-3 accuracy was 89.62% (95% CI 88.67%-90.52%), and the mean area under the curve was 0.90 (SD 0.07). Multimedia Appendix 1 shows the top-1 positive predictive values and negative predictive values from a clinical study of 35 diseases using the developed mobile health app on patients. In the literature, there are very few studies on image-based deep learning multiclass classification of common skin diseases and none of them included evaluations in actual clinical settings.

Conclusions

An artificial intelligence–driven smartphone app has the potential to improve the diagnosis and management of skin diseases in patients with skin of color. Nondermatologist, primary care physicians are likely to benefit from having access to such an app.

Acknowledgments

Nurithm Labs collaborated with the All India Institute Of Medical Science to develop this smartphone app. Other collaborators in this work include Rashi Pangti, Jyoti Mathur, Vikas Chouhan, Sharad Kumar, Lavina Rajput, Sandesh Shah, Atula Gupta, Ambika Dixit, Dhwani Dholakia, Sanjeev Gupta, Savera Gupta, Mariam George, and Vinod Kumar Sharma.

Conflicts of Interest

None declared.
A Web Platform for Standardized Data Acquisition, Processing, and Export in the Child Psychopathology Clinical Routine (MedicalBIT): Design and Implementation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Colombo Paola , Busti Ceccarelli Silvia , Pacchiarini Stefano , Cribellati Stefano , Molteni Massimo
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

The rapid extent of digital innovation for the collection of data has transformed the way in which health professionals collect, share, and analyze health information for better clinical decision-making and health care. In the last decade, there has been an increased interest in telemedicine by mental health agencies; the gap between the need for care and both diagnosis and treatment is wide, and digital technology could play an important role in filling this gap. However, there are limited data on the effectiveness of the clinical process and cost-effectiveness of most telemedicine applications.

OBJECTIVE

This study examined the implementation of the first Italian online, web-based, comprehensive screening tool and described the screening and diagnostic process through the interactive web platform in a child psychopathology clinic. This is a feasibility study that aims to present the design and implementation of the best practices to improve patient experiences and clinical outcomes. Moreover, the paper evaluates the platform with qualitative and quantitative measures.

METHODS

We planned, designed, and implemented a web-based system to collect, store, and manage clinical data. The platform was developed by a multidisciplinary team composed of researchers, clinicians, and informatics professionals through different steps. First, we defined the clinical information to be collected. A number of measures were chosen, tapping several clinical risk areas such as neurodevelopmental disorders and emotional and behavioral problems. The web application architecture and process were then designed. The three phases of process design are described in detail: design of the input interface, processing design, and design of the output interface. Finally, the system has been implemented and evaluated. Based on indicators recommended by the National Quality Forum and the Italian National Guidelines, we evaluated the quality of the system and used quantitative measures that were replicable and comparable over time.

RESULTS

We present the implemented architecture and features of Medea Information and Clinical Assessment On-Line (MedicalBIT), and we provide performance measures for the data collected between October 2018 and June 2021. The measured concepts pertain to four domains: access to care, financial impact/cost, experience, and effectiveness.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, we present the successful implementation of an innovative digital tool. The findings of this study show that the implemented web-based platform appears to be an efficient, cost-effective, and feasible way to improve digital care in the field of child psychiatry.
Valor agregado y las competencias genéricas de los estudiantes de educación superior en Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez-Revilla Ramiro , Vallejo-Molina Rubén-Darío
Published: February 2022

Este artículo determina el valor agregado para las instituciones de educación superior (IES) de nivel de pregrado y formación universitaria, en términos de las competencias genéricas en Colombia, en el periodo 2012 - 2016. Metodológicamente se estiman modelos econométricos multinivel, con bases de datos longitudinales correspondientes a pruebas estandarizadas. Los resultados indican que las IES privadas aportan un mayor valor agregado que las IESoficiales en razonamiento cuantitativo, independientemente si son acreditadas o no, sobre todo en el periodo 2014–2016; en el caso de lectura crítica, no existen diferencias significativas en el valor agregado aportado por distintas IES.
Liderazgo en el gobierno universitario e innovaciones en la docencia: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Rodríguez-Ponce Emilio , Pedraja-Rejas Liliana , Labraña Julio
Published: February 2022

Este artículo examina la relación entre estilos de liderazgo en el gobierno universitario y la calidad de la docencia universitaria. El artículo se divide en cuatro apartados. Primero, examinamos la relevancia de los estilos de liderazgo en las universidades. A continuación, exploramos la evidencia sobre la relación entre liderazgo e innovaciones docentes, subrayando las ventajas de los estilos de liderazgos transformacionales y distribuidos. La tercera sección discute esta evidencia en el contexto de los sistemas latinoamericanos, elaborando un modelo útil para la investigación y la gestión de las universidades. El ensayo termina con un resumen, líneas de investigación y sugerencias para la gestión de la enseñanza.
Configuración de la acreditación de la calidad como campo de estudio. Una revisión sistemática de la investigación internacional (1998-2016)
Authors: Guzmán-Puentes Sandra , Guevara-Ramírez René
Published: February 2022

Este artículo realiza una revisión sistemática de las investigaciones publicadas en revistas indexadas sobre acreditación de la calidad de la educación superior para el periodo 1998-2016. Establece el posicionamiento de la acreditación en la agenda investigativa por país, región e institución; también identifica ocho comunidades académicas conformadas a partir de redes de colaboración. Desde la teoría de Bourdieu, analiza el reconocimiento de los agentes universitarios acerca de la acreditación como un juego digno de ser jugado para mantenerse y mejorar la posición al interior del campo de la educación superior. Se argumenta que las condiciones objetivas que circunscriben estos procesos se relacionan con indicadores de planes de gobierno y demandas de agencias internacionales de financiamiento, lo que pone en riesgo la práctica académica. Se concluye la innecesaria acción de la acreditación para el logro de la calidad educativa, y se plantean desafíos de transformación para este tipo de políticas.
Cultura organizacional en instituciones de educación superior: conceptualización, medidas y variables asociadas
Authors: Siqueiros-Quintana María-Guadalupe , Vera-Noriega José-Ángel
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el sustento teórico, las medidas y las variables con las que se ha asociado el estudio de la cultura organizacional en educación superior. Se realizaron dos fases de búsqueda de información: internacionales y latinoamericanas. Los resultados arrojaron que la principal definición de cultura organizacional que se asume es la de Schein. En 13 de los 21 documentos analizados se estudió la relación de la cultura organizacional con otras variables como desempeño organizacional y actividad creadora, como las principales. Con base en los resultados, se sugiere investigaciones que cuiden el rigor teórico y metodológico.
Fotografía de Gabriel García Martínez
Authors: García Martínez Gabriel
Published: February 2022

Obra fotográfica de Gabriel García Martínez (Montevideo, 1970).
Students’ Demotivating Factors in English Language Learning at One State Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: ERLINA DIAN , DESVITASARI DETA , MARZULINA LENNY , MEIDA RISFINA ALMIRAH
Published: February 2022

This research investigated students' demotivating factors in English language learning at MTsN 1 Palembang. The research was in the form of case study research design. The participants were the second-grade students at MTsN 1 Palembang. Based on their English achievement, there were 11 students being demotivated in learning English. The data were gained by using document review and face-to-face interviews. The data from document review and interview were analyzed by using thematic analysis. The findings showed that there were five demotivating factors in English language learning: (a) inadequate school facilities, (b) lack of teachers' competence and teaching styles, (c) learning content and materials, (d) classroom condition and classmates' attitudes, and (e) lack of self-confidence.

 

Keywords: demotivation, demotivating factors, English language learning
Learning Resource Development: An Online-Based Learning for Indonesian Teachers
Authors: SOFYAN SOFYAN , SINAGA DAMERIA , RUBIATI RUBIATI
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop an online-based learning resource for Indonesian language teachers. The development step started with the identification of learning objectives, learning process, analysis of learning resources and environments, formulation of specific objectives, design of assessment instruments and  learning strategies, selection and development of teaching materials, design and evaluation of formative development projects, and making of good terms. The findings showed that the formative evaluations by experts showed the agreements of 89.23% from educational technology experts, 97.50% from material experts, and 90.00% from multimedia experts. The agreements informed that the online-based learning could be recommended for Indonesian language teachers. Furthermore, the average results of individual trials were 89.21%, small group trials (97.13%), and field trials (89.04%). The online-based learning resource established in this research and development study was feasible and useable. Implications of the findings are also discussed.
The Development of the Basic Obstetric Ultrasound Learning Media for Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: HERLAMBANG HERLAMBANG , FITRI AMELIA DWI , SHAFIRA NYIMAS NATASHA AYU , ELFIANI ELFIANI , PUSPASARI ANGGELIA , TARAWIFA SUSAN
Published: February 2022

Current medical education curriculum refers to the Indonesian Medical Doctor’s Standard of Competence 2012. Competencies are detailed in seven general areas of competence to be achieved by medical students. This study focused on the development of learning media in the form of guide book and video related to the basic obstetric ultrasound examination and its influence in improving student’s knowledge of basic obstetric examination skills. A quantitative method used to see the effectiveness of the learning media that we developed. Twenty-one under graduate medical students who undertook clinical rotation in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology participated in this study through completing the pre-post student’s questionnaires to assess the students' knowledge before and after the delivery of learning media. The collected data were analyzed with a computer program; Means and Standard Deviation were calculated as descriptive parameters. Parametric tests were used to test the hypotheses. The pre-post results were compared using the Wilcoxon statistical test. The results showed a significant difference in the score of pretest and posttest. There was an increase in the average score of pretest and posttest for students after obtaining the teaching media and clinical supervision. The value of each individual was also increased. The analysis with the Wilcoxon statistical test showed significant differences which mean that there were improvements on student’s knowledge of basic obstetric examination skills after the delivery of guide book and video. The use of teaching media in the form of basic obstetric ultrasound module and video contributed to positive results to improve the student’s knowledge.
Reducing the punch force in the circular punching process by preheating under the recrystallization temperature
Authors: Kurniawan Yani , Mahardika Muslim , Amrullah Muhammad Haritsah , Cahyadi Bambang
Published: February 2022

Punch force is the main factor in the success of making holes using the punching process. However, the punching process cannot make a hole when the punch force in the machine is smaller than the punch force in the material. Preheating can be used to reduce the punch force in the material. This research aims to develop the preheating method with low current electricity for reducing the punch force in the material. The preheating method is used two tubular type heating elements with an electric current of about 0.9 A. This method can be heating the material below recrystallization temperature (100 and 150 °C). Preheating at 100 and 150 °C can reduce the punch force by 4 and 11% compared to without preheating. These results can be concluded the material heating below recrystallization temperature is effectively enough to reduce the punch force. Thus, the punching process is able to make a hole even though the punch force in the machine is smaller than the punch force in the material.
Computational investigation of various wedges electromagnetic wave absorbers on anechoic chambers
Authors: Al Afkar Naufal Baihaqi
Published: February 2022

The anechoic chamber is closely related as a device for precisely measuring various acoustic characteristics. Anechoic chambers room conditions controlled to produce a sound field-free space. This study focused on testing various commercial wedges such as Eckel, diamond, pyramidal, and oblique pyramidal. The test was done by varying the elevation of an incident angle at 0°-85° with a stepping distance is 5°. This study is analyzed at 1-3 GHz frequency. This research was conducted based on a computational analysis using the finite element method on electromagnetic wave physics interfaces using COMSOL Multiphysics. The results show that, in general, pyramidal has the best performance. These results are assessed from the stability of absorption performance, the Eckel model obtains -66.6 dB at 1 GHz frequency but on another frequency tests with drastic performance fluctuations. In general, a pyramidal model can be an ideal absorber for anechoic applications because it provides good absorption performance for near normal and normal incidence angles. The results of the design and testing of the wedges model for anechoic are expected to be references in designing the optimal anechoic chamber room. Furthermore, it can contribute positively to tuning acoustic instruments such as microphones or reducing the antenna measurement error.
Corporate governance disclosure in Italy in the context of climate change
Authors: Gelmini Lorenzo , Vola Paola
Published: February 2022

Nowadays climate change represents the most critical issue facing the global economies, and, at the same time, the most misunderstood risk that organizations face in the coming years. The necessity to cover this gap has led to the spread of alternative disclosure frameworks, such as the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosure (TCFD), established in 2015. In our research, we focus the attention, amongst the TCFD recommendations, on the thematic area of governance, as we are interested in studying companies’ awareness of climate change and the extent to which they assess environmental issues, risks and impacts. The adherence to TCFD policies appears, amongst the major results of the analysis, limited, with a rather significant polarization of information between good and bad reporters. Our findings provide interesting insights and implications both from a theoretical and managerial point of view, displaying that, in line with mimicry studies on corporate disclosure, the conduct of companies towards climate change disclosure suggest an imitative behaviour amongst competitors.
My Escape from the Lab: Scientific Publishing
Authors: Cavalleri Matteo
Published: February 2022

This talk explores roles for postdoctoral STEM researchers in the
publishing industry. By sharing my experience I hope to enable a broader
understanding of the different roles inside the editorial office of
academic journals and the skills required for editorial positions posted
by commercial and society publishers.
Ageing on the autism spectrum: A 4-year follow-up study of mental health and quality of life in autistic adults
Authors: PhD Amanda Roestorf, , Howlin Patricia , Bowler Dermot M.
Published: February 2022

Background: Poor mental health is known to adversely affect functional
abilities, social isolation and quality of life (QoL). It is, therefore,
crucial to consider the long-term impacts of mental health conditions as
autistic adults grow older. Objectives: To explore the extent of: (i)
autistic traits, co-occurring physical and mental health conditions;
(ii) age-related differences in those conditions, and changes over time;
and (iii) their impact on everyday living and QoL in community-based
autistic adults. Method: 68 autistic adults (aged 19-80 years)
participated in the first study (T1); 49 participants from T1 took part
in a follow-up at T2 (mean retest interval 2.4 years). Standardised
self-report measures of autistic traits, mental health and QoL were
completed at both time points. Results: Over two-thirds of participants
experienced at least one co-occurring condition, and over a third met
the criteria for 3 or more co-occurring conditions. Mental and physical
health difficulties were related to autistic traits and difficulties in
everyday life and were consistent predictors of poor QoL at T1 and T2.
Conclusion: Mental health difficulties in autism persisted into older
age and did not improve over time. These findings have important
implications for mental health provision for autistic adults in older
age.
Identification of a rapidly-spreading triple mutant for high-level metabolic insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae provides a real-time molecular diagnostic for anti-malarial intervention deployment.
Authors: Njoroge Harun , Hof Arjen van't , Oruni Ambrose , Pipini Dimitra , Nagi Sanjay C , Lynd Amy , Lucas Eric , Tomlinson Sean , Grau-Bové Xavier , McDermott Daniel , Wat'senga Francis t , Manzambi Emile Z , Agossa Fiacre R , Mokuba Arlette , Irish Seth , Kabula Bilali , Mbogo Charles , Bargul Joel , Paine Mark JI , Weetman David , Donnelly Martin
Published: February 2022

Insecticide resistance provides both a pressing threat to the control of
vector-borne diseases and insights into the remarkable capacity of
natural populations to show rapid evolutionary responses. Malaria
control remains heavily dependent on deployment of insecticides,
primarily in long lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs), but
resistance in the major malaria vectors has increased over the last 15
years. Identifying genetic mechanisms causing high-level resistance in
mosquitoes, which may almost entirely overcome pyrethroid efficacy, is
crucial for the development and deployment of potentially
resistance-breaking tools. Using the Anopheles gambiae 1000 genomes data
we identified a very recent selective sweep in Ugandan mosquitoes which
localized to a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes. Further interrogation
revealed a haplotype involving a trio of mutations, a point mutation in
Cyp6p4, an insertion of a partial Zanzibar transposable element (TE) and
a duplication of the Cyp6aa1 gene. The mutations appear to have
originated recently in An. gambiae from the Kenya-Uganda border region,
with stepwise replacement of the double-mutant (Zanzibar TE and
Cyp6p4-236M) with the triple-mutant haplotype (including Cyp6aa1
duplication), which has spread into the Democratic Republic of Congo and
Tanzania. The triple-mutant haplotype is strongly associated with
increased expression of genes able to metabolise pyrethroids; is
strongly predictive of resistance to pyrethroids but importantly,
appears less effective against LLINs co-treated with the synergist
piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Frequencies of the triple-mutant haplotype
remain spatially variable even within countries, suggesting an effective
marker system to guide deployment decisions for limited supplies of
PBO-pyrethroid co-treated LLINs across African countries.
Design Paradox: Reconsidering Citizenship in a Digital World
Authors: Parra Luis
Published: February 2022

Design plays a key role in human culture. A growing body of evidence
suggests that most design builds upon human understanding to expand the
market. However, few professionals have given attention to unwitting
consequences. Drawing from political, economic and social history, this
paper argues that design has been instrumental to capitalist ends,
thereby forgoing discipline values. The author conducts a case study and
explores counterfactual scripting as a way to reflect on alternate
presents. Results portray a discursive provotype and a methodology
whereby discussion is encouraged. This paper should be of value to
future and experienced practitioners interested in technology, critical
design and work ethics.
The Using of Multiplex RT-qPCR for Pooled Samples to Detect Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus within Iraqi Blood Donors
Authors:   Medical Legal Office, Baghdad, Iraq, Majid Ghinwa , Abdulamir Ahmed ,   Dept. of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Ahmed Abbas ,   Central Public Health Laboratory, Baghdad, Iraq, Aufi Iman ,   Central Public Health Laboratory, Baghdad, Iraq, Abdullah Orooba ,   National Center of Blood Bank, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: February 2022

Background: The blood of blood donors is screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in the National Center of Blood Bank in Baghdad. The residual risk of EIA negative samples is not estimated till now in Iraq. Objective: To detect HBV, HCV and HIV viruses within seronegative plasma of blood donors by a commercially available multiplex nucleic acid amplification tests (NAT) with mini-pooling system. Methods: One thousand (1000) blood donors were screened by EIA revealed negative results then NAT was performed on pools of samples, each pool contain ten seronegative plasmas (MP10) i.e., 100 minipools. Results: The detected positive minipools 10 seronegative plasmas by NAT for HBV, HCV and HIV were 3 MP10. Conclusion: The use of NAT appeared to be sensitive and reliable to detect occult HBV and overcome the seroconversion problem related with HCV and HIV within seronegative plasmas of blood donors. Therefore, the implementation of NAT with mini-pooling in addition to serological tests for routine blood donor screening will improve and ensure the safety of blood transfusion in Iraq. Keywords: Blood transfusion, widow period, multiplexes PCR Citation: Majid GS, Abdulamir AS, Ahmed AM, Aufi IM, Abdullah OI. The using of multiplex RT-qPCR for pooled samples to detect hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus within Iraqi blood donors. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(1): 99-106. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.1.13
Factors Related to Delayed Recovery After Anesthesia
Authors:   Dept. of Anesthesia Technology, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq, Karim Safa
Published: February 2022

Background: Delayed recovery from anesthesia is one of the important challenges that face anesthesiologist. The time of delayed recovery from anesthesia is related to anesthetic agent, patient, duration and type of surgery. Objective: To determine the factors from the patients and other things related to delayed recovery after giving anesthesia. Methods: A total of 286 patients were observed in Shar Medical Hospital and Cardiac Center in Sulaimani city, Iraq between November 2019 and March 2020. Post-operative evaluation and observation were collected for delayed and normal recovery after anesthesia. P value less than 0.05 means significant relationship were obtained between variables. Results: From the 286 patients, 180 (62.94%) were male, in which 66 of them were have delayed recovery and significant relation was found p=0.005. Most of the patients were >50 years-old 126 (44.05%) and there was significant relation between age and delayed recovery of consciousness p=0.01. Delayed recovery was found among overweight more frequently than the underweight and normal weight (51 from 73 for overweight, 33 from 45 and 7 from 168, respectively). Also, significant relationship was found p=0.001. Conclusion: Old age, male, obese patients and cigarette smokers, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular accident, history of myocardial infarction, hyperlipidemia, and neurological diseases are high risk factors for delayed recovery. Keywords: Anesthesia, delayed recovery, post-operative care, risk factors Citation: Karim SB. Factors related to delayed recovery after anesthesia. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(1): 39-48. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.1.6