bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Baicalein as a potent antifungal agent against Candida albicans: synergy with fluconazole and sustainable production through probiotic-mediated bioconversion
Authors: Zhai Hang , Zeng Jialing , Ma Xiaonan , Wang Fuju , Xu Wei , Song Ming , Xu Weizhuo
Published: February 2025

Fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida albicans, represent a significant global health concern, with drug resistance and biofilm formation posing considerable challenges to effective treatment. Baicalein, a flavonoid derived from baicalin found in Scutellaria baicalensis, has demonstrated considerable antifungal efficacy. Moreover, the combination of baicalein and fluconazole demonstrated a notable synergistic effect. Given the restricted natural accessibility of baicalein, Lactobacillus rhamnosus has been identified as a microbial agent capable of converting baicalin to baicalein via whole-cell catalysis. This process has been shown to achieve a molar yield of 66% at a substrate concentration of 4 g/L under optimized conditions. In addition to the antifungal properties of baicalein, L. rhamnosus demonstrated intrinsic antifungal activity against C. albicans. The combination of baicalein and L. rhamnosus resulted in a notable enhancement in the inhibition of C. albicans growth. The key enzyme responsible for baicalin hydrolysis, β-glucuronidase (LrGUS2), is indicative of the biotransformation potential of L. rhamnosus. This study demonstrates the potent antifungal activity of baicalein, its synergistic effects with fluconazole, and the ability of L. rhamnosus to efficiently convert baicalin into baicalein. These findings highlight the potential for developing baicalein as a novel antifungal agent, particularly in combination therapies for resistant C. albicans infections, and provide a scalable, safe method for baicalein production using probiotics.
Imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease are associated with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Qi , Zhang Jupeng , Lei Peng , Zhu Xiqi , Huang Changhui
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aims to assess the correlation between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) imaging markers and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

In July 2024, two researchers independently conducted a thorough literature search across databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The selected studies investigated the correlations between white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), lacunar infarction (LI), and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) and the risk of AD. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed to assess the risk of bias in the included cohort and case–control studies.

Results

A total of 6,487 articles were identified, with 15 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Pooled analyses showed that WMHs (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.10–1.74, N = 7,661), CMBs (HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.07–2.40, N = 6,567), and EPVS (HR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.24–2.72, N = 3,045) were associated with an increased risk of AD, with EPVS showing the strongest correlation. LI did not show a statistically significant association with an increased risk of AD (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 0.98–2.01, N = 4,014).

Conclusion

WMHs, CMBs, and EPVS are associated with an elevated risk of AD, whereas LI is considered a potential risk factor. However, additional studies are required to determine the role of CSVD markers in AD progression.
Optogenetics and chemogenetics: key tools for modulating neural circuits in rodent models of depression
Authors: Li Shaowei , Zhang Jianying , Li Jiehui , Hu Yajie , Zhang Mingkuan , Wang Haijun
Published: February 2025

Optogenetics and chemogenetics are emerging neuromodulation techniques that have attracted significant attention in recent years. These techniques enable the precise control of specific neuronal types and neural circuits, allowing researchers to investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying depression. The advancement in these techniques has significantly contributed to the understanding of the neural circuits involved in depression; when combined with other emerging technologies, they provide novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools for the clinical treatment of depression. Additionally, these techniques have provided theoretical support for the development of novel antidepressants. This review primarily focuses on the application of optogenetics and chemogenetics in several brain regions closely associated with depressive-like behaviors in rodent models, such as the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, dorsal raphe nucleus, and lateral habenula and discusses the potential and challenges of optogenetics and chemogenetics in future research. Furthermore, this review discusses the potential and challenges these techniques pose for future research and describes the current state of research on sonogenetics and odourgenetics developed based on optogenetics and chemogenetics. Specifically, this study aimed to provide reliable insights and directions for future research on the role of optogenetics and chemogenetics in the neural circuits of depressive rodent models.
A new method for identifying and evaluating depressive disorders in young people based on cognitive neurocomputing: an exploratory study
Authors: Liu Jiakang , Li Kai , Li Shuwu , Liu Shangjun , Wang Chen , Huang Shouqiang , Tu Yuting , Wang Bo , Zhang Pengpeng , Luo Yuntian , Sun Guanqun , Chen Tong
Published: February 2025

Background

Depressive disorders are one of the most common mental disorders among young people. However, there is still a lack of objective means to identify and evaluate young people with depressive disorders quickly. Cognitive impairment is one of the core characteristics of depressive disorders, which is of great value in the identification and evaluation of young people with depressive disorders.

Methods

This study proposes a new method for identifying and evaluating depressive disorders in young people based on cognitive neurocomputing. The method evaluates cognitive impairments such as reduced attention, executive dysfunction, and slowed information processing speed that may exist in the youth depressive disorder population through an independently designed digital evaluation paradigm. It also mines digital biomarkers that can effectively identify these cognitive impairments. A total of 50 young patients with depressive disorders and 47 healthy controls were included in this study to validate the method’s identification and evaluation capability.

Results

The differences analysis results showed that the digital biomarkers of cognitive function on attention, executive function, and information processing speed extracted in this study were significantly different between young depressive disorder patients and healthy controls. Through stepwise regression analysis, four digital biomarkers of cognitive function were finally screened. The area under the curve for them to jointly distinguish patients with depressive disorders from healthy controls was 0.927.

Conclusion

This new method rapidly characterizes and quantifies cognitive impairment in young people with depressive disorders. It provides a new way for organizations, such as schools, to quickly identify and evaluate the population of young people with depressive disorders based on human-computer interaction.
Integrated multi-biomarker panel of CXCL13, HS-CRP, and WBC counts predicts outcomes in stroke neurosyphilis patients treated with HBO and TUS-NMES
Authors: He Wenchao , Chen Shuangshuang , Chen Ruyang , Zhang Jun , Zhang Xuehua , Wu Minzhi , Zhang Dan , Zhu Fengfeng , He Fanghua , Xv Yating , Lei Na , Zheng Wenhui , Shan Xinyi , Dai Jun
Published: February 2025

Background

Neurosyphilis results from Treponema pallidum invading the central nervous system, leading to severe neurological issues like stroke. Combining hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy and transcranial ultrasound neuromuscular stimulation (TUS-NMES) shows promise in improving outcomes.

Objective

This study evaluates the predictive value and clinical significance of CXCL13, WBC, and Hs-CRP levels in neurosyphilis patients undergoing HBO and TUS-NMES therapy.

Methods

The study included 158 neurosyphilis stroke patients treated from June 2022 to January 2024. Assessments of limb motor, cognitive functions, daily living abilities, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers were conducted pre- and post-four weeks of combined therapy.

Results

After treatment, there was a significant improvement in FMA, MoCA, and MBI scores (p < 0.001). CXCL13 levels significantly decreased post-treatment, correlating with improved patient outcomes. The study found strong predictive values for CXCL13 levels in determining the efficacy of rehabilitation, with the combination of CXCL13, WBC, and Hs-CRP showing the highest predictive accuracy.

Conclusion

HBO and TUS-NMES significantly enhance recovery in neurosyphilis stroke patients. CXCL13, WBC, and Hs-CRP effectively predict rehabilitation outcomes, highlighting their value in clinical management.
Proceedings of the 12th annual deep brain stimulation think tank: cutting edge technology meets novel applications
Authors: Martinez-Nunez Alfonso Enrique , Rozell Christopher J. , Little Simon , Tan Huiling , Schmidt Stephen L. , Grill Warren M. , Pajic Miroslav , Turner Dennis A. , de Hemptinne Coralie , Machado Andre , Schiff Nicholas , Holt-Becker Abbey S. , Raike Robert S. , Malekmohammadi Mahsa , Pathak Yagna J. , Himes Lyndahl , Greene David , Krinke Lothar , Arlotti Mattia , Rossi Lorenzo , Robinson Jacob , Bahners Bahne H. , Litvak Vladimir , Milosevic Luka , Ghatan Saadi , Schaper Frederic L. W. V. J. , Fox Michael D. , Gregg Nicholas M. , Kubu Cynthia , Jordano James J. , Cascella Nicola G. , Nho YoungHoon , Halpern Casey H. , Mayberg Helen S. , Choi Ki Sueng , Song Haneul , Cha Jungho , Alagapan Sankar , Dosenbach Nico U. F. , Gordon Evan M. , Ren Jianxun , Liu Hesheng , Kalia Lorraine V. , Kusyk Dorian , Ramirez-Zamora Adolfo , Foote Kelly D. , Okun Michael S. , Wong Joshua K.
Published: February 2025

The Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Think Tank XII was held on August 21st to 23rd. This year we showcased groundbreaking advancements in neuromodulation technology, focusing heavily on the novel uses of existing technology as well as next-generation technology. Our keynote speaker shared the vision of using neuro artificial intelligence to predict depression using brain electrophysiology. Innovative applications are currently being explored in stroke, disorders of consciousness, and sleep, while established treatments for movement disorders like Parkinson’s disease are being refined with adaptive stimulation. Neuromodulation is solidifying its role in treating psychiatric disorders such as depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder, particularly for patients with treatment-resistant symptoms. We estimate that 300,000 leads have been implanted to date for neurologic and neuropsychiatric indications. Magnetoencephalography has provided insights into the post-DBS physiological changes. The field is also critically examining the ethical implications of implants, considering the long-term impacts on clinicians, patients, and manufacturers.
Investigating the psychophysiological effects of NaiKan Therapy: salivary oxytocin and cortisol release
Authors: Qian Ming , Wang Minghui , Song Siyi , Xia Hansong , Huang Rui , Yuan Qin , Zhu Zhi , Wei Haiyan , Chen Ming , Ma Qing , Zhang Hui
Published: February 2025

NaiKan Therapy, a method of self-reflection and introspection, has garnered considerable interest for its psychological benefits. However, its physiological impacts, particularly on hormonal regulation, remain underexplored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of NaiKan Therapy on salivary oxytocin and cortisol release, shedding light on the psychophysiological mechanisms underlying this introspective practice. Sixty participants underwent Naikan Therapy sessions over five consecutive days, during which salivary samples were collected at multiple time points. Salivary oxytocin and cortisol levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Our results revealed significant increases in salivary oxytocin levels following NaiKan Therapy, suggesting a potential role of this practice in enhancing social bonding and emotional regulation. Conversely, salivary cortisol levels exhibited a decrease post-therapy, indicating a reduction in stress reactivity. These findings provide novel insights into the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying NaiKan Therapy and highlight its potential as a holistic approach to improving mental wellbeing. Further research exploring the long-term effects of NaiKan Therapy and its implications for clinical practice is warranted.
Case Report: Thymic neuroendocrine tumor with metastasis to the breast causing ectopic Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Zdrojowy-Wełna Aleksandra , Bolanowski Marek , Syrycka Joanna , Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska Aleksandra , Kuliczkowska-Płaksej Justyna
Published: February 2025

Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion (EAS) is responsible for approximately 10%–18% of Cushing’s syndrome cases. Thymic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) comprise 5%–16% of EAS; therefore, they are very rare and the data about this particular tumors is scarce. We present a case of a 34-year-old woman with a rapid onset of severe hypercortisolism in April 2016. After initial treatment with a steroid inhibitor (ketoconazole) and diagnostics including 68Ga DOTA-TATE PET/CT, it was shown to be caused by a small thymic NET. After a successful surgery and the resolution of all symptoms, there was a recurrence after 5 years of observation caused by a metastasis to the breast, shown in the 68Ga DOTA-TATE PET/CT result and confirmed with a breast biopsy. Treatment with a steroid inhibitor (metyrapone) and tumor resection were again curative. The last disease relapse appeared 7 years after the initial treatment, with severe hypercortisolism treated with osilodrostat. There was a local recurrence in the mediastinum, and a thoracoscopic surgery was performed with good clinical and biochemical effect. The patient remains under careful follow-up. Our case stays in accordance with recent literature data, showing that patients with thymic NETs are younger than previously considered and that the severity of hypercortisolism does not correlate with the tumor size. The symptoms of EAS associated with thymic NET may develop rapidly and may be severe as in our case. Nuclear medicine improves the effectiveness of the tumor search, which is crucial in successful EAS therapy. Our case also underlines the need for lifelong monitoring of patients with thymic NETs and EAS.
Mast cell leukemia: a rare case report and literature review
Authors: Tian Lu , Yan Xiang , Tian Shaodan , Shen Yang , Fan Qiuyue
Published: February 2025

Mast cell leukemia (MCL) is an extremely rare and aggressive hematologic malignancy, characterized by a poor prognosis and short survival. Currently, no standardized treatment guidelines have been established. This study presents the clinical data of a patient with primary MCL accompanied by C-findings, and analyzes the clinical features, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic approaches for this disease through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. Furthermore, the study discusses current perspectives on research developments in MCL. By increasing clinical awareness of MCL, this work aims to provide valuable insights and references for clinicians in the diagnosis and management of this challenging condition.
Retrobulbar/intraconal tube placement in patients with glaucoma: Ahmed FP-7 and tube extender case series with 1 year follow-up
Authors: Laroche Daniel , Grodecki Brian , Grimes Kara Rickford , Ng Chester
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The Ahmed FP-7 valve is useful in the management of refractory glaucoma. However, this can often have ocular hypertensive phase and subconjunctival fibrosis that can lead to increased medication use and failure. We report how retrobulbar and intraconal plate placement with tube extension can avoid the ocular hypertensive phase, lower intraocular pressure, and reduce medication burden.

Patients and methods

This is a retrospective case series of 4 patients with glaucoma who underwent Ahmed FP-7 valve and retrobulbar/intraconal tube placement with a one-year follow-up.

Results

One-year results in 4 patients with advanced glaucoma and pseudophakia revealed a pre-operative intraocular pressure of 21 mmHg on 5.5 medications. At one year, the post-operative intraocular pressure was 10.25 on 0 medications. The vision and visual fields were stable. One patient required drainage of a choroidal effusion and one patient required burping of viscoelastic on post-operative day one.

Conclusions

The combined insertion of the Ahmed FP-7 valve and silicone tube inserted into the retrobulbar/intraconal space has been shown to prevent ocular hypertensive phase, lower intraocular pressure, and reduce medication burden at one year.
Association between maternal khat use and other determinants and low birth weight in Halaba Zone, South Ethiopia: an unmatched case–control study
Authors: Wogayehu Biruk , Demissie Tsegaye , Wolka Eskinder , Alemayehu Mekuriaw
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Early newborn mortality, morbidity, and long-term health outcomes are significantly predicted by birth weight. Many babies are born underweight in Ethiopia, but few case–control studies have previously examined the risk variables associated with khat consumption and low birth weight (LBW). Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify maternal khat use and maternal sociodemographic and obstetric risk factors associated with LBW in the Halaba Kulito General Hospital, southern Ethiopia.

Methods

A hospital-based case–control study design was used on 334 neonates (111 cases and 223 controls) at Halaba General Hospital in Halaba Zone, southern Ethiopia, from 01 October 2023 to 27 February 2024. A consecutive sampling method was used to select both the cases and controls. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted using Stata 14.0 to estimate the effect of maternal khat use and other factors on low birth weight. A p-value of <0.05 was considered a significant difference in low birth weight between the cases and controls.

Results

We found that the mean age of the cases and controls at birth was 25.4 ± 4.57 years and 24.2 ± 3.96 weeks, respectively. Illiteracy [adjusted OR (AOR) = 3.7, 95%CI 1.34, 10.45], rural residence (AOR = 4.1, 95%CI 1.51, 11.35), gestational age <37weeks (AOR = 16.5, 95%CI 7.05, 38.55), maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) <23 cm (AOR = 4.7, 95%CI 1.89, 11.65), weight gain <12 kg (AOR = 4.8, 95%CI 1.22, 18.59), monthly khat use (AOR = 9.5, 95%CI 2.13, 41.98), weekly khat use (AOR = 11.1, 95%CI 3.69, 33.40), and daily khat use (AOR = 14.1, 95%CI 4.74, 42.03) were the determinant factors for delivering a newborn with low birth weight.

Conclusion

The evidence from this study suggests that illiteracy, rural residence, gestational age <37weeks, maternal MUAC <23 cm, weight gain <12 kg, monthly khat use, weekly khat use, and daily khat use were independent predictors of low birth weight. Suggested strategies involve the early identification and management of identified modifiable variables. We recommend that stakeholders in khat control commit to providing health education and awareness, incorporating khat use among women in the khat control policy, and designing interventions for the cessation of khat use among women.
Combining mechanistic modeling with machine learning as a strategy to predict inflammatory bowel disease clinical scores
Authors: Shim Jaehee V. , Rehberg Markus , Wagenhuber Britta , van der Graaf Piet H. , Chung Douglas W.
Published: February 2025

Disease activity scores are efficacy endpoints in clinical trials of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapies. Crohn’s disease activity index (CDAI), Mayo endoscopic score (MES) and Mayo score are frequently used in clinical trials. They rely on either the physician’s observation of the inflammatory state of the patient’s gastrointestinal tissue alone or combined with the patient’s subjective evaluation of general wellbeing. Given the importance of these scores in evaluating the efficacy of drug treatment and disease severity, there has been interest in developing a computational approach to reliably predict these scores. A promising approach is using mechanistic models such as quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) which simulate the mechanisms of the disease and its modulation by the drug pharmacology. However, extending QSP model simulations to clinical score predictions has been challenging due to the limited availability of gut biopsy measurements and the subjective nature of some of the evaluation criteria for these scores that cannot be described using mechanistic relationships. In this perspective, we examine details of IBD disease activity scores and current progress in building predictive models for these scores (such as biomarkers for disease activity). Then, we propose a method to leverage simulated markers of inflammation from a QSP model to predict IBD clinical scores using a machine learning algorithm. We will demonstrate how this combined approach can be used to (1) explore mechanistic insights underlying clinical observations; and (2) simulate novel therapeutic strategies that could potentially improve clinical outcomes.
Deciphering the role of Wnt/β-catenin and miR-214 in knee osteoarthritis: molecular and clinical insights
Authors: Samman Waad A. , Mosalam Esraa M. , Saif Dalia S. , Abdallah Mahmoud S. , Zidan Abdel-Aziz A. , Sallam Amany Said , Abdelsattar Shimaa , Khalil Fatma Omar , Elashkar Amany E. , Mohamed Somia Mokabel , Al-Ghannam Mohamed , Abo Mansour Hend E.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) may be beneficial in fetching new therapeutics. Our study aims to investigate the implication of Wnt/ β-catenin pathway in development of KOA by detection of the downstream target genes and their crosstalk with miR-214 in patients with KOA and to correlate that with the clinical findings.

Methods

Sixty participants were involved in the study. The levels of miR-214, β-catenin, Wnt4, matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), Bax, caspase 3, and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (pGSK3β) were determined. All participants were assessed clinically and radiologically regarding knee joint pain, stiffness, range of motion, and knee medial cartilage thickness. Besides, a correlation between Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) score, clinical, and radiological data, and the measured parameters was conducted.

Results and discussion

Patients with KOA showed downregulated miR-214 with upregulated β-catenin, Wnt4, MMP3, Bax, caspase 3, and pGSK3β compared to healthy individuals. Statistically significant positive correlation between WOMAC score, knee joint pain regarding Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) with β-catenin, pGSK3β, Wnt4, MMP3, Bax, and caspase 3, and significant negative relationship between them and knee joint medial cartilage thickness; while there was a statistically significant negative correlation between WOMAC, and clinical findings of osteoarthritis and miR-214 and significant positive relationship between it and knee joint medial cartilage thickness. This study provides valuable insights into involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin and miR-214 in KOA pathogenesis. By targeting these molecular components, future therapeutics may modulate their activity and mitigate chondrocyte apoptosis and matrix degradation, potentially halting KOA progression.
Exploring manzamine a: a promising anti-lung cancer agent from marine sponge Haliclona sp
Authors: Su Min , Zhu Jie , Bai Luyuan , Cao Yu , Wang Shaohui
Published: February 2025

Manzamine A (MA), a bioactive compound derived from the marine sponge Haliclona sp., shows considerable therapeutic potential, particularly in the treatment of various cancer types. Extracted with acetone and purified through chromatography, MA exhibits a bioavailability of 20.6% when administered orally in rats, underscoring its feasibility for therapeutic use. This compound disrupts key cellular mechanisms essential for cancer progression, including microtubule dynamics and DNA replication enzymes, demonstrating strong anti-proliferative effects against multiple cancer cell lines while sparing normal cells. Additionally, network pharmacology and molecular docking studies reveal MA’s interactions with important targets related to lung cancer progression, such as EGFR and SRC, bolstering its potential as a novel anti-lung cancer agent. Pathway analyses further indicate that MA influences critical signaling pathways involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Given the urgent need for effective treatments against drug-resistant cancers and the limited toxicity profile of MA, further exploration of its pharmacological benefits and mechanism could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies in lung cancer.
Identification of telomere-related gene subtypes and prognostic signatures in osteosarcoma
Authors: Song Zhaoguang , Yu Wenyan , Yin Xuqing
Published: February 2025

Background

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the prevalent primary bone cancer, with a high proclivity for local invasion and metastasis. Previous studies have indicated that telomeres are closely related to prognosis of cancer, but the significance of telomere-related features in OS remains uncertain. Thus, the goal of this work is to identified telomere-related subtypes based on the telomere-related genes (TRGs).

Methods

The data of OS was collected from TARGET and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Firstly, we identified the subtypes mediated by TRGs in OS. Subsequently, we analyzed the immune characteristics of telomeres-related subtypes in OS. Moreover, we built a telomere-related signature via univariate and LASSO Cox regression analyses, and analyzed the correlation of telomere-related signature with TME. Finally, we analyzed the expression of hub TRGs in OS.

Results

We discovered that TRGs could distinguish OS patients into two telomeres-related subtypes (C1 and C2). The survival rate of OS patients in C2 was inferior to that of patients in C1. The scores of stromal, immune and ESTIMATES were observably increased, and tumor purity was decreased in C1 subtypes compared to C2 subtypes. Differentially expressed genes between C1 and C2 were highly enriched in immune-related pathways. Moreover, C1 and C2 subtypes had different immune characteristic. Furthermore, a telomere prognostic model including six genes (PDK2, PPARG, MORC4, SP110, TERT and MAP3K5) was established to predict the prognosis of OS patients. High-risk group was correlated with inferior prognosis of OS patients, and risk score model was correlated with TME. Finally, we discovered that expression of PDK2, PPARG, MORC4, SP110, TERT and MAP3K5 was significantly decreased in OS cells.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our study has uncovered the importance of TRGs in defining distinct subtypes of OS with different survival outcomes and immune contexts. The telomere-related signature we developed may serve as a valuable tool for prognosis prediction and could inform future therapeutic strategies targeting the TME in OS.
Neuroprotective effects of ethanol extraction from Rubia yunnanensis Diels on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: modulation of the System Xc-/GSH/GPX4 axis to alleviate oxidative stress and ferroptosis
Authors: Cheng Jianghao , Ma Xiaoxia , Tao Jie , Jiang Xiaoli , Chen Pu , Duan Xiaohua
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Vascular dementia (VD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), which considerably impact patients’ quality of life. Ethanol extraction from Rubia yunnanensis (RY-A) has gained attention for its potential neuroprotective effects, but its effects and mechanisms of action on CCH are unknown.

Methods

After 30 days of RY-A gavage treatment in a CCH rat model, its effects were evaluated using the Morris water maze test, cerebral blood flow measurements, and HE staining of the brain. These findings, combined with serum medicinal chemistry, RNA-seq, and metabolomics analyses, revealed the active compounds and mechanisms of RY-A in CCH rats. The results were further validated using assay kits and Western blot techniques.

Results

RY-A treatment significantly attenuated neurological damage and improved cognitive function in CCH rats. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry identified 511 blood-entry compounds of RY-A. RNA-seq and metabolomic analysis showed that RY-A might help to normalize changes in gene and metabolite expression caused by CCH. RY-A induced neuroprotective effects by increasing the production of key proteins involved in ferroptosis inhibition, such as SLC7A11, SLC3A2, GSS, and GPX4, while increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and alleviating oxidative stress.

Conclusion

RY-A inhibited oxidative stress and ferroptosis by activating the System Xc-/GSH/GPX4 pathway and balancing iron metabolism, thereby attenuating CCH-induced neurological damage and cognitive deficits.
An emotion recognition method based on frequency-domain features of PPG
Authors: Zhu Zhibin , Wang Xuanyi , Xu Yifei , Chen Wanlin , Zheng Jing , Chen Shulin , Chen Hang
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aims to employ physiological model simulation to systematically analyze the frequency-domain components of PPG signals and extract their key features. The efficacy of these frequency-domain features in effectively distinguishing emotional states will also be investigated.

Methods

A dual windkessel model was employed to analyze PPG signal frequency components and extract distinctive features. Experimental data collection encompassed both physiological (PPG) and psychological measurements, with subsequent analysis involving distribution patterns and statistical testing (U-tests) to examine feature-emotion relationships. The study implemented support vector machine (SVM) classification to evaluate feature effectiveness, complemented by comparative analysis using pulse rate variability (PRV) features, morphological features, and the DEAP dataset.

Results

The results demonstrate significant differentiation in PPG frequency-domain feature responses to arousal and valence variations, achieving classification accuracies of 87.5% and 81.4%, respectively. Validation on the DEAP dataset yielded consistent patterns with accuracies of 73.5% (arousal) and 71.5% (valence). Feature fusion incorporating the proposed frequency-domain features enhanced classification performance, surpassing 90% accuracy.

Conclusion

This study uses physiological modeling to analyze PPG signal frequency components and extract key features. We evaluate their effectiveness in emotion recognition and reveal relationships among physiological parameters, frequency features, and emotional states.

Significance

These findings advance understanding of emotion recognition mechanisms and provide a foundation for future research.
Comparison of six-week flywheel and traditional resistance training on deceleration and dynamic balance in elite badminton players
Authors: Yuan Shurui , Lu Zepeng , Tan Shiwen , Zhang Zijie , Jing Shiwei , Liu Haoyang , Zhou Zhihui , Bao Dapeng
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of flywheel resistance training (FRT) and traditional resistance training (TRT) on deceleration and dynamic balance performance in elite badminton players.

Methods

Seventeen elite male badminton players (age: 21.36 ± 2.10 years) volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to either a flywheel resistance training group (FT: n = 8) or a traditional resistance training group (RT: n = 9). The FT group performed flywheel resistance training twice a week for 6 weeks, while the RT group participated in traditional resistance training for the same period. Deceleration and dynamic balance performance were assessed at baseline and following the intervention using the dynamic posture stability index (DPSI) test, 5-0-5 change of direction (COD) test, deceleration deficit (DD) test, and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) test.

Results and Discussion

Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant time × group interaction for DPSI of both legs and peak force in the IMTP test (p < 0.05, partial η2 = 0.42–0.79), with better post-test performance compared to pre-test result in the FT group (ES = 0.30–2.10), and the improvements were higher than that of the RT group. No significant differences were observed in the DD test and COD test between FT and RT groups (p > 0.05); however, the magnitude of improvement in DD for the FT group (ES = 0.99) was greater than that of the RT group (ES = 0.52). This pilot study demonstrates that, compared to traditional resistance training, flywheel resistance training enhances deceleration performance and improves dynamic balance in elite badminton players.
Aerobic exercise improves inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by regulating miR-221-3p via JAK/STAT signaling pathway
Authors: Li Nan , Zhang Liang , Guo Qiaofeng , Shi Haiyan , Gan Yanming , Wang Weiqing , Yang Xiaoying , Zhou Yue
Published: February 2025

Background

Exercise improves insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism while the mechanisms remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and served as a potential therapeutic target. The study aimed to explore how aerobic exercise prevents chronic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle.

Methods

Fifty C57BL/6J male mice were divided into a normal (CON) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, followed by treadmill training for 8 weeks. Glucose levels were evaluated by glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test and kits. Chronic inflammatory states were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence stain. The role of miR-221-3p was determined using miRNA sequencing and dual luciferase reporter gene assays. Metabolic alterations in skeletal muscle were investigated by Real-time PCR and Western blot.

Results

Aerobic exercise reduced body weight, fasting blood glucose gain, and improved insulin sensitivity. It suppressed inflammation by altering IL-1β, IL-10 levels, and macrophage polarization in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, exercise prevented chronic inflammation by diminished miR-221-3p and downstream JAK/STAT pathways.

Conclusion

Aerobic exercise improved chronic inflammation and IR in the skeletal muscle, with miR-221-3p as a key modulator of macrophage polarization.
Enhancing poultry health and productivity through the liver-gut axis with integrated nutritional and immunological approaches: a mini-review
Authors: Amevor Felix Kwame , Uyanga Victoria Anthony , Wu Liuting , Xu Dan , Shu Gang , Wang Yingjie , Zhao Xiaoling
Published: February 2025

The liver-gut axis plays a central role in maintaining the health and productivity of poultry. In addition, the liver-gut axis serves as a key regulator of digestion, metabolism, immunity, and detoxification. The gut, with its diverse microbiota, is the primary site for nutrient absorption and immune modulation, while the liver metabolizes nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, and acts as a frontline defense against pathogens translocated from the gut. Disruptions in this interconnected system, including gut dysbiosis or liver inflammation, can lead to compromised immunity and reduced productivity. This mini-review explores integrated nutritional and immunological strategies aimed at optimizing the liver-gut axis to enhance poultry performance. Nutritional interventions, such as the use of flavonoids, vitamins, amino acids, micronutrients, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, have demonstrated their potential to support liver and gut health. Dietary components such as phytogenic additives, fiber, and fatty acids further contribute to immune modulation and systemic health. Immunological approaches, such as beta-glucans and in ovo stimulation, and molecular approaches, including advanced genetic techniques, offer additional avenues for improving disease resistance and organ function. Despite notable advancements, challenges including antibiotic resistance, environmental stressors, and implementation costs persist. Emerging technologies like metagenomics, metabolomics, and precision breeding offer innovative solutions to enhance liver-gut interactions. This review underscores recent advancements in understanding the liver-gut axis and calls for holistic strategies to improve sustainable poultry production. Future research should integrate these approaches to enhance resilience, productivity, and sustainability in the poultry industry.
Laser biospeckle as a method to investigate the short-term effects of far-red light on an arugula (Eruca sativa Mill) plant
Authors: Igarashi Hibiki , Baba Takeshi , Takemura Kairi , Kono Takahiro , Kadono Hirofumi , Yamada Jun , Rajagopalan Uma Maheswari
Published: February 2025

With rapid climate change, it has been increasingly difficult to grow different crops, and as an alternative method, artificial cultivation in controlled environments has evolved into a new sustainable agriculture practice. However, the cost of having a controlled environment has become a major issue, and investigations have been conducted to develop cost-saving and efficient cultivation techniques. One research focus is on the utilization of stimulating appropriate photoreceptors for a certain time by far-red (FR) light to influence plant development. Here, we propose a novel laser biospeckle method, a non-destructive and real-time measurement method for the speedy evaluation of FR effects on arugula (Eruca sativa Mill) plants. Laser biospeckles are formed from the interference of scattered light from the organelles within the biological tissue, and the intensity of such speckles varies due to displacements within the tissue. In the experiment, while illuminating with FR and red (R) LED light of 735 nm and 630 nm, respectively, for a duration of 120 s to 300 s, the leaves of an arugula plant were irradiated simultaneously with laser light of 852 nm to obtain biospeckles. Video clips were recorded using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera at 15fps for 20 s. Correlations between the first and the subsequent frames were calculated to investigate the differences in the internal activity with exposure to FR and were characterized by a parameter named biospeckle activity (BA). Experiments were done with the healthiness and the age of the plant as parameters. It was found that depending on the healthiness of the plants, under short durations of 120s FR, BA and thus the internal activity within the leaves increased compared to the long duration of 300s FR. Further, a 1-month-old plant was found to have a faster decay of correlation and thus a steep increase in BA compared to that for a 3-month-old plant. Our results suggest that BA could be used as a measure to investigate the effects of FR or FR plus R in plant development within a timeframe of a few minutes, and thus can be employed as a complementary measurement technique for the speedier investigation of FR effects on plants.
Evolutionary and functional analysis of the DIR gene family in Moso bamboo: insights into rapid shoot growth and stress responses
Authors: Xuan Xueyun , Su Shiying , Chen Jialu , Tan Jiaqi , Yu Zhen , Jiao Yang , Cai Sijia , Zhang Zhijun , Ramakrishnan Muthusamy
Published: February 2025

Dirigent (DIR) proteins are key regulators of lignin and lignan biosynthesis and play critical roles in plant hormone responses, abiotic stress tolerance, and growth and development. This study identified and characterized 47 PeDIR genes in Moso bamboo, classifying them into three groups. Phylogenetic and comparative analyses revealed strong evolutionary conservation, with the Moso bamboo PeDIR genes being most closely related to those in rice and maize. DIR proteins within each subfamily exhibited high conservation in motif composition, domain structure, and 3D configuration. Subcellular localization and protein interaction studies further elucidated PeDIR gene functions. Specifically, PeDIR02 primarily localized to the cell membrane and was shown to be unable to form homodimers in yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays. Transcriptome and expression analyses revealed the involvement of PeDIR genes in rapid shoot growth, indicating roles in lignin biosynthesis and cell wall modification. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR data also demonstrated the responsiveness of these genes to hormones and abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity. This study constructed the first comprehensive regulatory network between transcription factors (TFs) and PeDIR genes, identifying ERF, DOF, and MYB TFs as key synergistic regulators of PeDIR gene expression.
Characterization of fatty acid desaturase gene family in Glycine max and their expression patterns in seeds after Fusarium fujikuroi infection
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Munir Maira , Zeng Weiying , Sun Zudong , Chang Xiaoli , Yang Wenyu
Published: February 2025

Background

The family of membrane-bound fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes play a vital role in plant growth, development, and stress responses. The seed-borne pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi causes seed decay disease during pre-harvest and post-harvest stages of soybean, leading to a significant reduction in yield and quality. Therefore, it is very meaningful to characterize the diversity and function of the GmFAD gene family in soybean and to elucidate their roles in seed resistance to F. fujikuroi.

Results

In this study, 30 full-length GmFAD genes were identified from the soybean genome. A range of analysis was conducted to characterize gene and protein structures, chromosomal locations, conserved motif and conserved structural domains, and results showed that GmFAD genes were clustered into seven subfamilies (FAB2, ADS, SLD, DES, FAD6, FAD2, FAD3/7/8), which is also supported by phylogenetic analysis. The diversity and expansion of the GmFAD gene family were mainly caused by segmental duplication, and their encoding proteins were observed to locate in chloroplast or endoplasmic reticulum. The promoters of GmFAD genes contained a set of cis-acting elements in response to plant hormone, defense and stress, light, and plant growth and development, indicating these genes have the complex expression regulation and diverse functions. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment pathway analyses showed that GmFAD genes were closely related to the biosynthesis and metabolism of lipid and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). In addition, the expression of GmFADs was significantly changed in soybean seeds when challenged by the seed decay pathogen F. fujikuroi. Specifically, GmFAB2.1/2.2, GmFAD3.3/3-2B/7-1//8-2, and GmFAD2.3/2.5 genes displayed distinct temporal expression patterns in the resistant ND25 and susceptible CX12, highlighting their potential roles in soybean resistance against F. fujikuroi infection.

Conclusion

Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the GmFAD gene family and their intricate roles in soybean resistance against the seed-borne pathogen F. fujikuroi. Moreover, several distinct genes provide valuable candidates for further application in soybean resistant breeding.
Transcriptional and metabolic analysis of oleic acid synthesis in seedless and tenera oil palm species
Authors: Xu Wen , John Martin Jerome Jeyakumar , Li Xinyu , Liu Xiaoyu , Cheng Shunghong , Cao Hongxing
Published: February 2025

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a perennial oilseed crop whose mesocarp produces palm oil rich in the unsaturated fatty acid oleic acid, known for its oxidative stability and cardiovascular health benefits. However, the regulatory mechanisms and pathways responsible for variations in oleic acid biosynthesis during fruit development remain inadequately elucidated. The study examined the mesocarp of oil palm fruits from three developmental stages in seedless and Tenera varieties to evaluate oleic acid content. Fruits from Seedless (MS) and Tenera (MT) oil palms, pollinated for 95 days (MS1 and MT1), 125 days (MS2 and MT2), and 185 days (MS3 and MT3), were analyzed using metabolomics via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RNA sequencing was conducted to profile gene expression associated to oleic acid biosynthesis and accumulation. Differential genes and metabolites were mapped and functionally enriched through KEGG pathway analysis. The result revealed that SAD, FabD, LACS6, BC, FabB, and FabI were positively associated with oleic acid content, whereas LACS9 exhibited either a negative or strongly negative correlation. By integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic techniques, this study elucidates the distinct mechanisms of oleic acid biosynthesis in seedless and thin-shelled oil palm varieties. These findings provide a scientific foundation for enhancing oleic acid content and improving the quality of oil palm-derived products.
Silencing of GhSHP1 hindered flowering and boll cracking in upland cotton
Authors: Xu Wenjuan , Ma Qi , Ju Jisheng , Zhang Xueli , Yuan Wenmin , Hai Han , Wang Caixiang , Wang Gang , Su Junji
Published: February 2025

The opening of cotton bolls is an important characteristic that influences the precocity of cotton. In the field, farmers often use chemical defoliants to induce cotton leaves to fall off earlier, thus accelerating the cracking of cotton bolls. However, the molecular mechanism of cotton boll cracking remains unclear. We identified ten AGAMOUS subfamily genes in upland cotton. Three pairs of Gossypium hirsutum AG subfamily genes (GhAGs) were amplified via tandem duplication. The promoters of the GhAGs contained a diverse array of cis-acting regulatory elements related to light responses, abiotic stress, phytohormones and plant growth and development. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the expression levels of GhAG subfamily genes were lower in vegetative tissues than in flower and fruit reproductive organs. The qRT−PCR results for different tissues revealed that the GhSHP1 transcript level was highest in the cotton boll shell, and GhSHP1 was selected as the target gene after comprehensive analysis. We further investigated the functional role of GhSHP1 using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Compared with those of the control plants, the flowering and boll cracking times of the GhSHP1-silenced plants were significantly delayed. Moreover, the results of paraffin sectioning at the back suture line of the cotton bolls revealed that the development of the dehiscence zone (DZ) occurred later in the GhSHP1-silenced plants than in the control plants. Furthermore, at the same developmental stage, the degree of lignification in the silenced plants was lower than that in the plants transformed with empty vector. The expression of several upland cotton genes homologous to key Arabidopsis pod cracking genes was significantly downregulated in the GhSHP1-silenced plants. These results revealed that GhSHP1 silencing delayed the flowering and cracking of cotton bolls and that the cracking of cotton bolls was delayed due to effects on DZ development. These findings are highly important for future studies of the molecular mechanism of cotton boll cracking and for breeding early-maturing and high-quality cotton varieties.