P1351 Microbiome Diversity and Taxonomic Differences in Quiescent Ulcerative Colitis: A Comparative Study of Proximal Extension
Authors: Kang MD.- PhD. S B , Jung S H , Lee K M 
Published: January 2025

Background

The gut microbiome plays a significant role in ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis, but its contributions during clinical remission and in relation to disease extent remain underexplored. This study investigates the microbiome profiles of quiescent UC patients with proximal extension (Y) and those without proximal extension (N), aiming to identify microbiome-based differences and potential biomarkers for disease stratification.

Methods

Fecal microbiome samples were obtained from 30 quiescent UC patients: 17 without proximal extension (N) and 13 with proximal extension (Y). Sequencing data were processed to exclude human genome reads, and rarefaction curves were used to ensure data quality. Alpha- and beta-diversity metrics assessed microbial diversity within and between groups. Differentially abundant taxa were identified, and a random forest model was employed to classify patients based on microbial composition.

Results: Diversity Analysis

Alpha-diversity showed no significant differences between the N and Y groups.Beta-diversity analysis revealed no distinct clustering between groups (P = 0.44), indicating shared microbial community structures.

Taxonomic Composition

The Y group (proximal extension) showed higher abundances of taxa such as Bartonella birtlesii, Lactobacillus salivarius, Klebsiella sp. M5al, and Proteus vulgaris.

The N group (no proximal extension) was enriched with taxa like Lactococcus lactis and Pediococcus acidilactici.

Machine Learning Classification

The random forest model successfully classified patients into N and Y groups based on microbial features. Key predictive taxa aligned with findings from differential abundance analyses, reinforcing their potential as biomarkers.

Conclusion

This study highlights distinct microbiome signatures between UC patients with and without proximal extension during remission. While diversity metrics were similar, specific taxa showed significant differences in abundance. These findings may inform microbiome-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches tailored to disease extent. Further research is required to validate these results and explore the underlying mechanisms driving microbiome-disease interactions.

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