bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First record of family Dipsocoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dipsocoromorpha) from the Korean Peninsula and a new generic combination for Cryptostemma japonicum Miyamoto
Authors: KIM JUNGGON , KIM WONGUN , PARK JIHWAN , JUNG SUNGHOON
Published: April 2019

The family Dipsocoridae is first reported from the Korean Peninsula based on a finding of Pachycoleus japonicum (Miyamoto, 1964) comb. nov. Detailed description of male and female genitalia of P. japonicum is provided. A new generic combination for P. japonicum is proposed. The ambiguous characters for generic concept in previous work and implications to assign genus for the species in other faunas are discussed. Biological note on the unique habitat of the species unlike congeners is presented with illustrations and photographs. A key to the Korean dipsocoromophan families (species) is also provided.
Descriptions, records, and key to the Hydrometra Latreille, 1796 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Hydrometridae) from Colombia
Authors: MARTÍNEZ DAVID CAMILO , GALINDO-MALAGÓN XIMENA ALEJANDRA , MOLANO FREDY , MOREIRA FELIPE FERRAZ FIGUEIREDO
Published: April 2019

Hydrometra colombiana Martínez and Galindo-Malagón, sp. nov., H. tayrona Martínez and Galindo-Malagón, sp. nov., and H. quimbaya Martínez and Galindo-Malagón, sp. nov. are described and compared with congeners. Furthermore, the female of H. williamsi Hungerford & Evans, 1934 and the male of H. adnexa Hungerford & Evans, 1934 are described. New records from Colombia and a key to the species of Hydrometra Latreille, 1796 recorded from the country are presented.
Three new species of moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) from the Afrotropical Region
Authors: JEŽEK JAN , OBOŇA JOZEF
Published: April 2019

Type material of moth flies of Neoarisemus leponti sp. nov. was collected in Madagascar, Toamasina province, environments of Analamazaotra and Amboditafonana. Hemimormia nyangerensis sp. nov. and Iranotelmatoscopus kenyensis sp. nov. were captured in Equatorial Africa near Victoria Lake during a fieldwork in Uganda (Gaba) and Kenya (Kusa, Nyangera). The mentioned three species are described, differential diagnoses included, and diagnostic characters illustrated.
Resurrection of an East African house bat species Scotophilus altilis Allen, 1914 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Authors: VALLO PETER , REEDER DEEANN M. , VODZAK MEGAN E. , BENDA PETR
Published: April 2019

Several house bat specimens superficially resembling the white-bellied house bat Scotophilus leucogaster (Cretzschmar, 1830), were recently captured in southwestern Ethiopia and southern South Sudan. These S. cf. leucogaster differed from typical S. leucogaster by their slightly smaller size and ventral coloration, conforming instead with the original description of S. altilis Allen, 1914. Scotophilus altilis is an overlooked taxon known from the Blue Nile region in Sudan that is currently considered a junior synonym of S. leucogaster. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cytb) sequences revealed S. cf. leucogaster as a sister clade to S. leucogaster with a genetic distance of ca. 10%. Comparative specimens of questionable S. nigritellus de Winton, 1899 from northwestern Ethiopia and a wing biopsy sample of another S. cf. leucogaster from western Kenya also fell within this clade. Sequence data from two nuclear markers (zfy and fgb7) corroborated the distinction of S. cf. leucogaster from S. leucogaster. Likewise, morphometric analysis of cranial data largely supported this distinction, as well as taxonomic affiliation with S. altilis based on comparison with the only available paratype specimen. The position of this paratype specimen within the new Scotophilus clade, inferred from analysis of a short fragment of cytb, confirmed its taxonomic identity. Based on the presented evidence, the overlooked East African taxon S. altilis should be resurrected as a full species within the genus Scotophilus.
Use of High-Resolution Numerical Models and Statistical Approaches to Understand New Zealand Historical Wind Speed and Gust Climatologies
Authors: Turner Richard , Safaei Pirooz Amir A. , Flay Richard G. J. , Moore Stuart , Revell Mike
Published: April 2019

This paper describes how a combination of high-resolution numerical modeling, a robust homogenization algorithm, and local pressure observations have been used to understand and reconcile time series of daily, seasonal, and annual peak wind gusts recorded at observing sites in the Cook Strait region of New Zealand. The homogenization algorithm consists of corrections for the relocation of masts, changes in instrumentations, data acquisition and signal processing, surrounding surface roughness, and measurement heights. In addition, a statistical method, penalized maximal F test (PMFT), was used to assess the homogeneity of the wind speed time series and detect and eliminate all remaining, undocumented, artificial (i.e., nonclimatic) breakpoints. A three-dimensional time-dependent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was carried out using the Gerris model to characterize the turbulence environment at the mast sites and to estimate topographic speedup effects. Trends in magnitudes and frequencies of the homogenized seasonal and annual peak wind gusts are evaluated and presented for the Cook Strait region. The pressure gradients between pairs of stations were used to study the correlation between the gust wind speeds and the pressure field. A high-resolution convection-resolving numerical weather prediction model [the New Zealand Convective-Scale Model (NZCSM)] was employed to aid the interpretation of results and analyze wind trends. The trend in gust speeds is also shown to be consistent with larger-scale NCEP–NCAR reanalysis pressure trends. The homogenization algorithm showed promising results in eliminating the artificial breakpoints and trends. Overall, strong correlations were found between the homogenized gust speeds, the pressure field across the region, and NZCSM predictions.
Air–Sea Momentum Fluxes during Tropical Cyclone Olwyn
Authors: Voermans Joey J. , Rapizo Henrique , Ma Hongyu , Qiao Fangli , Babanin Alexander V.
Published: April 2019

Observations of wind stress during extreme winds are required to improve predictability of tropical cyclone track and intensity. A common method to approximate the wind stress is by measuring the turbulent momentum flux directly. However, during high wind speeds, wave heights are typically of the same order of magnitude as instrument heights, and thus, turbulent momentum flux observations alone are insufficient to estimate wind stresses in tropical cyclones, as wave-induced stresses contribute to the wind stress at the height of measurements. In this study, wind stress observations during the near passage of Tropical Cyclone Olwyn are presented through measurements of the mean wind speed and turbulent momentum flux at 8.8 and 14.8 m above the ocean surface. The high sampling frequency of the water surface displacement (up to 2.5 Hz) allowed for estimations of the wave-induced stresses by parameterizing the wave input source function. During high wind speeds, our results show that the discrepancy between the wind stress and the turbulent stress can be attributed to the wave-induced stress. It is observed that for > 1 m s−1, the wave-induced stress contributes to 63% and 47% of the wind stress at 8.8 and 14.8 m above the ocean surface, respectively. Thus, measurements of wind stresses based on turbulent stresses alone underestimate wind stresses during high wind speed conditions. We show that this discrepancy can be solved for through a simple predictive model of the wave-induced stress using only observations of the turbulent stress and significant wave height.
How the State Criminalizes Immigrants and to What Effect: A Multidisciplinary Account
Authors: Garip Filiz , Gleeson Shannon , Hall Matthew
Published: April 2019

The recent salience of immigration as an issue has led to more restrictive policies toward immigrants in many settings. This special issue brings together scholars from multiple disciplines and presents a collection of articles that investigates the nature of immigration enforcement, examines the actors and institutions involved, and uncovers some of the consequences for immigrants and communities. This introductory article takes stock of the main findings and makes a case for future work to (a) include multiple sites and units of analysis, (b) consider the perspectives of on-the-ground enforcement agents, and (c) integrate the study of immigration enforcement to other subfields within and across disciplines.
Identifying as American Indian/Alaska Native in Urban Areas: Implications for Adolescent Behavioral Health and Well-Being
Authors: Brown Ryan A. , Dickerson Daniel L. , Klein David J. , Agniel Denis , Johnson Carrie L. , D’Amico Elizabeth J.
Published: April 2019

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth exhibit multiple health disparities, including high rates of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use, violence and delinquency, and mental health problems. Approximately 70% of AI/AN youth reside in urban areas, where negative outcomes on behavioral health and well-being are often high. Identity development may be particularly complex in urban settings, where youth may face more fragmented and lower density AI/AN communities, as well as mixed racial-ethnic ancestry and decreased familiarity with AI/AN lifeways. This study examines racial-ethnic and cultural identity among AI/AN adolescents and associations with behavioral health and well-being by analyzing quantitative data collected from a baseline assessment of 185 AI/AN urban adolescents from California who were part of a substance use intervention study. Adolescents who identified as AI/AN on their survey reported better mental health, less alcohol and marijuana use, lower rates of delinquency, and increased happiness and spiritual health.
Process of Decline in Activities of Daily Living of Older Chinese People Prior to Death: Evidence From Three Cohorts
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Feldman Marcus W. , Du Peng
Published: April 2019

Objective:

The study analyzes the decline in activities of daily living (ADL) prior to death among three cohorts of older Chinese.

Method:

With data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, the process of decline in ADL in older people born during the periods 1899–1908, 1909–1918, and 1919–1928 is analyzed using the hierarchical linear model with mixed effects.

Results:

The remaining survival time has a stronger effect on changes in ADL than chronological age, and there is significant heterogeneity among the older adults in ADL.

Conclusion:

Decline in ADL is delayed by extending life span. Older people with healthy behaviors, good living conditions in childhood, and age-friendly living environment have long-lasting good ADL during their remaining life span; socioeconomic resources help the older adults with ADL disabilities to survive. Selective effects of mortality and protective effects of socioeconomic resources explain the heterogeneity in ADL and its changes over time.
Closed-form preintegration methods for graph-based visual–inertial navigation
Authors: Eckenhoff Kevin , Geneva Patrick , Huang Guoquan
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we propose a new analytical preintegration theory for graph-based sensor fusion with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a camera (or other aiding sensors). Rather than using discrete sampling of the measurement dynamics as in current methods, we derive the closed-form solutions to the preintegration equations, yielding improved accuracy in state estimation. We advocate two new different inertial models for preintegration: (i) the model that assumes piecewise constant measurements; and (ii) the model that assumes piecewise constant local true acceleration. Through extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we show the effect that the choice of preintegration model has on estimation performance. To validate the proposed preintegration theory, we develop both direct and indirect visual–inertial navigation systems (VINSs) that leverage our preintegration. In the first, within a tightly coupled, sliding-window optimization framework, we jointly estimate the features in the window and the IMU states while performing marginalization to bound the computational cost. In the second, we loosely couple the IMU preintegration with a direct image alignment that estimates relative camera motion by minimizing the photometric errors (i.e., image intensity difference), allowing for efficient and informative loop closures. Both systems are extensively validated in real-world experiments and are shown to offer competitive performance to state-of-the-art methods.
Whiter Than White: The Art of Delaying Detection in Sexual Killers
Authors: Stefanska Ewa B. , Carter Adam J.
Published: April 2019

The study investigated whether different types of sexual homicide perpetrators are more or less skilled at delaying detection. A newly proposed direct/indirect typology was used alongside information about the time of arrest, the frequency of specific precautions as well as the impact of forensic strategies used by the perpetrators to examine skill at delaying detection. The results indicated that the time from the killing to the arrest, as measured in days, was longer for the direct than the indirect sexual killers. Despite the fact that the direct aggressors were better at delaying detection, overall the indirect and the direct offenders did not differ in the frequency of use of most of the precautions. However, different forensic awareness strategies were more efficacious for the direct and the indirect offenders. These results are discussed in relation to the crime scripts for the two perpetrator groups.
Economic Analysis of On-Route Fast Charging for Battery Electric Buses: Case Study in Utah
Authors: Liu Zhaocai , Song Ziqi , He Yi
Published: April 2019

Battery electric buses (BEBs) are increasingly being embraced by transit agencies as an energy-efficient and emission-free alternative to bus fleets. However, because of the limitations of battery technology, BEBs suffer from limited driving range, great battery cost, and time-consuming charging processes. On-route fast charging technology is gaining popularity as a remedy, reducing battery cost, extending driving range, and reducing charging time. With on-route fast charging, BEBs are as capable as their diesel counterparts in relation to range and operating time. However, transit agencies may have the following concerns about on-route fast charging: 1) on-route fast charging stations require massive capital costs; 2) on-route fast charging may lead to high electricity power demand charges; and 3) charging during peak hours may increase electricity energy charges. This study conducts a quantitative economic analysis of on-route fast charging for BEBs, thereby providing some guidelines for transit agencies. An integrated optimization model is first proposed to determine battery size, charger type, and recharging schedule for a general BEB route. Based on the model, an economic analysis of on-route fast charging is then performed on 10 real-world bus routes and a simplified general bus route with different parameters. The results demonstrate that given the current prices of on-route fast charging stations and batteries, it is always beneficial to install on-route fast charging stations for BEBs. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to show the impact of potential price reductions of batteries.
A Systematic Review of Validation Practices for the Goal Attainment Scaling Measure
Authors: Shankar Sneha , Marshall Sheila K. , Zumbo Bruno D.
Published: April 2019

Goal attainment scaling (GAS) is an internationally recognized measure that is widely used in educational, counseling, and clinical settings to identify and evaluate relevant goals for an individual. The GAS is an unusual measure because its content, which consists of goals, is formed by the respondent and/or users in the process of completing the GAS. Using the unified view of validity as a guiding framework, this systematic review examines validation practices and how goals are represented in this measure. This review demonstrates that validation practices tend to focus on aspects that do not support the overall construct validity of the measure, as well as reference to the GAS measure or GAS scores as a property. Several gaps in validity evidence and the various ways goals are conceptualized are described and discussed. The varying ways goals are considered suggest clarity is needed to enhance explanations and score meaning. This review urges researchers to consider ways validity and validation evidence can help verify the many claims that are made about this measure. Future validity research needs to consider application of a theoretical framework and response processes as key aspects of substantiating the construct measured by the GAS.
Numerical study on lubrication performance of engine main bearing with rough surface considering axial movement of crankshaft
Authors: Li Biao , Sun Jun , Zhu Shaoyu , Fu Yangyang , Miao Enming , Zhao Xiaoyong , Wang Hu , Teng Qin , Ren Yanping , Zhu Guixiang
Published: April 2019

In actual operation of an engine, the crankshaft will move along the axis direction of engine main bearings under the combined influence of various influencing factors. Considering the axial movement and crankshaft deformation, a new lubrication model of engine main bearings with rough surface was built based on the average Reynolds equation. The influence of axial movement of deformed crankshaft on performance of main bearing with rough surface was studied. In this study, the axial movement law of deformed crankshaft is measured through experiment, and the finite element method was applied to solve the tilting of crankshaft in the bearing bore resulted from the crankshaft deformation. The results show that the axial movement of deformed crankshaft has a significant impact on performance of main bearing with rough surface. No matter whether or not the surface roughness is considered, the journal center trajectories of main bearings are unclosed three-dimensional space curve due to the axial movement of deformed crankshaft. The influence level of the axial movement of deformed crankshaft on lubrication characteristics of main bearings is directly related to the surface roughness. The influence trend and level of the surface roughness on lubrication characteristics of main bearings are obviously changed when considering the axial movement of crankshaft.
Circular RNAs: Diversity of Functions and a Regulatory Nova in Oral Medicine: A Pilot Review
Authors: Wang Hong , Feng Cheng , Wang Meng , Yang Shuangyan , Wei Fulan
Published: April 2019

Oral diseases, such as cancers, inflammation, loss of bone/tooth/soft tissues, are serious threats to human health since some can cause systemic disease and effective treatments are limited. Thus, discovering promising biomarkers for physiological and pathological processes in oral medicine, and identifying novel targets for therapy have become a most critical issue. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs), which were once thought to be a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are found to be of coding potential. CircRNAs are highly present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and are key elements in the physiological and biological processes of various pathological conditions, and are also reflected in oral development and progress. Previous studies have indicated that circRNAs are involved in the initiation and development of different types of diseases and tissues (e.g., cancers, cardiovascular diseases, neural development, growth and development, wood healing, liver regeneration). Moreover, growing evidence demonstrates that circRNAs play vital roles in oral cancers and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Here, we focus on the biological characteristics of circRNAs, beginning with an overview of previous studies on the functional roles of circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in oral medicine. We hope this will give us a promising new comprehension of the underlying mechanisms occurring during related biological and pathological progress, and contribute to the development of effective diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for oral diseases.
Afghanistan’s Political Development Dilemma: The Centralist State Versus a Centrifugal Society
Authors: Ibrahimi S. Yaqub
Published: April 2019

This article examines how a troubled relationship between a centralist state and centrifugal society has posed a serious challenge to state-building in Afghanistan. Drawing on ‘state–society relations’ theory, the article examines how this persistent obstacle has repeatedly interfered with efforts to consolidate a sovereign state in post-Taliban Afghanistan. The article investigates the historical roots of the uneven relationship between the state and society by comparing Musahiban’ s state conservatism with the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan’s attempted social transformation strategy. The article develops a new framework for the analysis of state-building where state policies and social behaviours are considered mutually significant in the state-building process. Moreover, by comparing the two major state-building strategies, the article investigates the implication of pre-war approaches in the post-2001 context.
Baseline urinalysis values in common bottlenose dolphins under human care in the Caribbean
Authors: Jiménez-Zucchet Natalia , Alejandro-Zayas Tamara , Alvarado-Macedo Christian A. , Arreola-Illescas María Renée , Benítez-Araiza Lissette , Bustamante-Tello Lilian , Cruz-Martínes Danilo , Falcón-Robles Nayeli , Garduño-González Luz , López-Romahn María Concepción , Martínez-Taylor Ana Michelle , Mingramm-Murillo Adriana , Ortíz Carlos , Rivera-Guzmán Antonio L. , Sabater-Durán Rocío , Sánchez-Jiménez Angélica , Sánchez-Okrucky Roberto , Staggs Lydia , Torres-Salcedo Raúl , Vences-Fernández María , Rivera-Marchand Bert , Mignucci-Giannoni Antonio A.
Published: April 2019

Urinalysis is a rapid, simple, inexpensive, and reliable test that documents urine abnormalities reflecting various types of renal, hormonal, or metabolic diseases. Urinalysis could assist proper monitoring of the health of dolphins under human care; however, normal baseline values for dolphin urinalysis have not been reported, to our knowledge. We sampled urine from 193 common bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus), living under human care in 24 Caribbean dolphinariums, by voluntary free-catch and analyzed the urine for chemical and microscopic variables using multi-agent dry reagent chemistry dipstick test strips, dedicated pH reagent strips, and unstained sediment slides. Most urine was clear, pale yellow to dark yellow, and had a fishy odor. Dipstick glucose, bilirubin, ketones, and nitrites were negative in all dolphins. The urine pH was acidic ([Formula: see text] ± SD; 5.88 ± 0.58) and specific gravity (SG) was 1.035 ± 0.008. Most animals had 0–2 red blood cells and white blood cells per 40× field, and were negative for proteins. On microscopic sediment, 42.7% of samples had few-to-many squamous epithelial cells; hyaline and epithelial casts were observed only rarely. Crystals were observed in 36.6% of the samples; most were calcium oxalate dihydrate (48.2%) and amorphous urates (42.4%). The values obtained in our study can be used as a reference for health monitoring of dolphins in dolphinariums, and to monitor renal conditions and function in dolphins being rehabilitated or under human care.
Interventions to Promote Oral Medication Adherence in the Pediatric Chronic Illness Population: A Systematic Review From the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Coyne Kelly D. , Trimble Katherine A. , Lloyd Ashley , Petrando Laura , Pentz Jennie , Van Namen Kari , Fawcett Andrea , Laing Catherine M.
Published: April 2019

Pediatric oncology protocols frequently include multiple oral medications administered at varied dosing schedules, often for prolonged periods of time. Nonadherence to protocol-directed oral medications may place patients at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the existing body of evidence to determine best-practice recommendations regarding interventions for oral medication adherence in children and adolescents with cancer. Twenty-four articles were systematically reviewed and evaluated according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria; 2 studies focused on the pediatric oncology population, and the remaining 22 studies focused on other chronic illnesses of childhood. A variety of interventions to increase oral medication adherence in children were identified, including pill swallowing, technology, incentivization, education-based intervention, psychosocial support-based intervention, and combination intervention. Most interventions were shown to have some benefit in pediatrics, most in the non-oncology setting. The overall synthesis of the literature indicates that nonadherence to oral medications is a prevalent problem in pediatrics, and much work is needed to address this problem, particularly in pediatric oncology.
Current Psychotropic Medication Use and Contributing Factors Among Nursing Home Residents With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Kolanowski Ann , Van Haitsma Kimberly , Galik Elizabeth , Boltz Marie , Ellis Jeanette , Behrens Liza , Eshraghi Karen , Zhu Shijun
Published: April 2019

This study described current use and predictors of psychotropics among residents with moderate to severe cognitive impairment. This was a secondary data analysis using baseline data from the first 341 residents in an ongoing trial. Predictive measures included age, gender, race, depressive symptoms, agitation, resistiveness to care, depression, cognition, pain, comorbidities, facility factors, and state. Overall 63% ( n = 211) received at least one psychotropic medication, 16% ( n = 52) an anti-seizure medication, 23% ( n = 77) an anxiolytic, 30% ( n = 99) an antidepressant, 2% ( n = 8) a sedative hypnotic, 28% ( n = 93) an antipsychotic medication, and 9% ( n = 29) an opioid. Testing of models explained 9% to 15% of psychotropic medication use. There were high rates of psychotropic medication use and a limited association between demographic factors, behavioral symptoms, and psychotropic medication use. Continued research is needed to explore the impact of deprescribing, person-centered behavioral interventions, and beliefs of providers on psychotropic medication use.
Ipsilateral metastatic choroidal melanoma responds to systemic immunotherapy
Authors: Morkos Moanes , Jain Puneet , Pavlick Anna C , Finger Paul T
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

To report that metastatic choroidal melanoma (systemic and intraocular) can respond to systemic immunotherapy.

Methods:

In 2010, a 64-year-old woman with a choroidal melanoma was treated with palladium-103 plaque brachytherapy. Developing 2.5 years later, radiation maculopathy was suppressed with periodic intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections for five additional years. Development of a new, discrete choroidal melanoma in the same eye prompted radiographic imaging of the orbits, abdomen/pelvis, and chest. Multi-organ metastasis in the eye, the liver, and nodes was treated with systemic combination immunotherapy with ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) and nivolumab (1 mg/kg) intravenous every 3 weeks for four cycles followed by nivolumab (3 mg/kg) intravenous every 4 weeks as maintenance. Subsequent ophthalmic and systemic surveillance were performed.

Results:

All sites of metastases were found to regress on systemic immunotherapy. For example, ophthalmic ultrasound imaging revealed that the intraocular metastasis was reduced from 6.6 to 1.5 mm in thickness. Synchronously, serial radiographic imaging revealed progressive shrinkage and disappearance of hepatic and nodal metastasis (except for one gastrohepatic node). However, combination stereotactic body radiation therapy (30 Gy) with nivolumab maintenance was found to induce a significant reduction in this remaining node. Continued periodic intraocular anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy has suppressed her radiation maculopathy resulting in 20/25 vision, now 8 ½ years after initial plaque therapy.

Conclusion:

This case shows that metastatic choroidal melanoma can present in the same eye as the primary tumor. It also shows that systemic immunotherapy can control both ocular and systemic metastases as well as prolong both life and sight.
Genome-Wide Identification of Long Non-coding RNAs Responsive to Lasiodiplodia theobromae Infection in Grapevine
Authors: Xing Qikai , Zhang Wei , Liu Mei , Li Lingxian , Li Xinghong , Yan Jiye
Published: April 2019

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) refer to a class of RNA molecules that are longer than 200 nucleotides and do not encode proteins. Numerous lncRNAs have recently emerged as important regulators of many biological processes in animals and plants, including responses to environmental stress and pathogens. Botryosphaeria dieback is one of the more severe grapevine trunk diseases worldwide. However, how lncRNAs function during Botryosphaeriaceae infection is largely unknown. We performed high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of susceptible and more tolerant grapevine cultivars infected with Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Overall, we predicted 1826 novel candidate lncRNAs, including long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) and natural antisense transcripts (lncNATs). The data reveal the functions of a set of lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between the resistant cultivar Merlot and the susceptible cultivar Cabernet Franc. Several lncRNAs were predicted to be precursors for grape microRNAs involved in the L theobromae infection. These results provide new insight into the lncRNAs of grapevine that are involved in the response to L theobromae infection.
Practical Implications of New Antibiotic Agents for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Bradley Nicole , Lee Yuman
Published: April 2019

Objective:

To provide insight into the practical implications of the use of ceftazidime/avibactam and meropenem/vaborbactam for the management of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and to identify strategies for overcoming barriers to the use of these agents in clinical practice.

Data sources:

A literature search of PubMed was conducted using the following search terms: ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, antimicrobial stewardship, and clinical laboratory standards institute. Abstracts from infectious diseases conferences, article bibliographies, and relevant drug monographs were also reviewed.

Study selection/data extraction:

Relevant English-language studies were considered.

Data synthesis:

Studies demonstrating the clinical utility of ceftazidime/avibactam and meropenem/vaborbactam over older agents for CRE were summarized. Laboratory challenges, including lack of widespread technology and delays in usable information, and formulary considerations were discussed. Insight was provided into overcoming these challenges and minimizing barriers using infectious diseases pharmacists, antimicrobial stewardship teams, and infection control teams.

Relevance to patient care and clinical practice:

This review informs clinicians of the potential difficulties of the use of ceftazidime/avibactam and meropenem/vaborbactam in clinical practice and provides tools to overcome these difficulties, thus allowing clinicians to stay at the forefront of CRE treatment.

Conclusions:

Clinicians treating patients with CRE infections need to be aware of challenges they may face when using ceftazidime/avibactam and meropenem/vaborbactam. Infectious disease (ID) pharmacists and antimicrobial stewardship teams play an important role in minimizing barriers and ensuring appropriate use of these antibiotics.
Childhood multiple sclerosis is associated with reduced brain volumes at first clinical presentation and brain growth failure
Authors: Bartels Frederik , Nobis Katharina , Cooper Graham , Wendel Eva , Cleaveland Robert , Bajer-Kornek Barbara , Blaschek Astrid , Schimmel Mareike , Blankenburg Markus , Baumann Matthias , Karenfort Michael , Finke Carsten , Rostásy Kevin
Published: April 2019

Background:

Paediatric multiple sclerosis (pedMS) patients at a single site were shown to have reduced brain volumes and failure of age-expected brain growth compared to healthy controls. However, the precise time of onset of brain volume loss remains unclear.

Objective:

To longitudinally study brain volumes in a multi-centre European cohort at first presentation and after 2 years.

Methods:

Brain volumes of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 37 pedMS patients at first presentation prior to steroid therapy and at 2-year follow-up ( n = 21) were compared to matched longitudinal MRI data from the NIH Paediatric MRI Data Repository.

Results:

Patients showed significantly reduced whole brain, grey and white matter and increased ventricular volumes at initial presentation and at follow-up compared to controls. Over 2 years, patients exhibited significant reduction of whole brain and white matter volumes, accompanied by increased ventricular volume. Brain volume loss at follow-up correlated with a higher number of infratentorial lesions, relapses and an increased Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score.

Conclusions:

In pedMS patients, brain volume loss is present already at first clinical presentation and accelerated over 2 years. Increased disease activity is associated with more severe brain volume loss. MRI brain volume change might serve as an outcome parameter in future prospective pedMS studies.
Giant right atrial myxoma: A rare cause of cardiovascular collapse
Authors: Beiras-Fernandez Andres , Kornberger Angela , El-Beyrouti Hazem , Vahl Christian-Friedrich
Published: April 2019

We report the case of a patient with a giant right atrial myxoma that remained clinically silent until it almost completely obliterated the right atrium, prolapsed into the right ventricle and obstructed the tricuspid valve inflow. This case illustrates the importance of rapid surgical intervention in the setting of acute heart failure caused by tumor masses obliterating heart valves or cardiac chambers.
Honorary Whites? Asian American Women and the Dominance Penalty
Authors: Tinkler Justine , Zhao Jun , Li Yan , Ridgeway Cecilia L.
Published: April 2019

Women face a double bind in positions of leadership; they are expected to display authority in order to appear competent but are judged as socially deficient if they are perceived to be too dominant. This dominance penalty is well documented, but most studies examine reactions only to white women’s leadership displays. The authors use an experimental design to compare evaluations of hypothetical job promotion candidates who are all characterized as extremely accomplished but who differ on their race (Asian American or white American), gender (man or woman), and behavioral style (dominant or communal). Regardless of behavioral style, participants evaluate the white woman as having the worst interpersonal style and the Asian American woman as the least fit for leadership. These findings demonstrate the importance of accounting for intersectionality in documenting the effect of cultural stereotypes on workplace inequality.
Ensuring Effective Care Transition Communication: Implementation of an Electronic Medical Record–Based Tool for Improved Cancer Treatment Handoffs Between Clinic and Infusion Nurses
Authors: Pandya Chintan , Clarke Tammy , Scarsella Elizabeth , Alongi Alex , Amport Stephanie Buia , Hamel Lauren , Dougherty David
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE:

Ineffective handoffs contribute to gaps in patient care and medication errors, which jeopardize patient safety and lead to poor-quality care. The project aims are to develop and implement a standardized handoff process using an electronic medical record (EMR)–based tool to ensure optimal communication of treatment-related information for patients receiving cancer treatment between oncology nurses.

METHODS:

A multidisciplinary team convened to develop a standard and safe treatment handoff process. The intervention was developed over a series of phases using Plan-Do-Study-Act methodology, including current workflow process mapping; identifying gaps, limitations, and potential causes of ineffective handoffs; and prioritizing these using a Pareto chart. An EMR-based tool incorporating a standardized treatment handoff process was developed. Study outcomes included proportion of handoff-related medication errors, tool utilization, handoff completion, patient waiting time, and nurse satisfaction with tool. All outcomes were evaluated before and after the intervention over a 1-year period.

RESULTS:

The proportion of medication errors as a result of ineffective handoffs was reduced from 10 of 17 (60%) pre-intervention to 11 of 34 (32%) postintervention ( P = .07). The EMR-based handoff tool was used in 9,274 of 10,910 (85%) patient treatment visits, and the handoff completion rate increased from 32% pre-intervention to 86% postintervention. Patient waiting time showed an average reduction of 2 minutes/patient/month. A majority of nurses reported that the new tool conveyed necessary information (85% of nurses) and was effective in preventing errors (81% of nurses).

CONCLUSION:

Multidisciplinary stakeholders guided the development and implementation of a standard handoff process and an EMR-based tool to optimize communication between nurses during patient transition. The intervention was associated with a reduction in the proportion of medication errors as the result of ineffective handoffs. In addition, the intervention improved communication between nurses.
High-Cost Hospitalizations Among Elderly Patients With Cancer
Authors: Avila Jaqueline , Jupiter Daniel , Chavez-MacGregor Mariana , de Oliveira Claire , Kaul Sapna
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE:

Health care costs are driven by a small proportion of patients, and it is important to identify their characteristics to effectively manage their health care needs. We examined characteristics associated with high-cost inpatient visits of elderly patients with cancer using a national sample.

METHODS:

We identified 574,367 inpatient visits of individuals age 65 years or older with a cancer diagnosis using the 2014 National Inpatient Sample data, an all-payer sample of inpatient stays in the United States. High-cost visits were defined as those with a total cost at or above the 90th percentile. The remaining visits were defined as the lower-cost group. We examined patients’ clinical characteristics and hospital characteristics for both groups. Logistic regression was used to identify characteristics associated with being in the high-cost group.

RESULTS:

The median visit cost in the high-cost group was $38,194 (interquartile range, $31,405 to $51,802), which was nearly five times the cost of the lower-cost group (median, $8,257; interquartile range, $5,032 to $13,335). Hematologic malignancies were the most common cancer in the high-cost group. Those in the high-cost group were more likely to have metastatic cancer. Compared with patients with no comorbidities, those with five or more comorbidities were four times more likely to be in the high-cost group (odds ratio, 4.08; 95% CI, 3.74 to 4.46). Patients with a greater number of procedures were also more likely to be in the high-cost group (odds ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.52 to 1.61).

CONCLUSION:

High-cost cancer visits were five times more expensive than the remaining visits. Identification of high-cost visits and the associated factors may help provide tailored strategies to effectively manage costly inpatient admissions.
Survivin at a glance
Authors: Wheatley Sally P. , Altieri Dario C.
Published: April 2019

Survivin (also known as BIRC5) is an evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic protein that is essential for cell division and can inhibit cell death. Normally it is only expressed in actively proliferating cells, but is upregulated in most, if not all cancers; consequently, it has received significant attention as a potential oncotherapeutic target. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we summarise our knowledge of survivin 21 years on from its initial discovery. We describe the structure, expression and function of survivin, highlight its interactome and conclude by describing anti-survivin strategies being trialled.
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА ВОЛГОГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В ЦЕЛЯХ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРНЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ
Authors: Ivanov Vladimir Yuryevich
Published: April 2019

Технологическое отставание в развитии некоторых секторов экономики и недостаточное развитие инфраструктуры является одним из вызовов в призме ограничения внутренних факторов роста, требующих финансовых вложений. Ограничение финансовых возможностей бюджетов всех уровней и наличие потенциала у частного сектора подчеркивают объективную возможность интеграции через механизм государственно-частного партнерства для реализации инфраструктурных проектов. Государственно-частное партнерство позволяет обеспечить дополнительные источники финансирования инфраструктурных объектов.Особое внимание уделено опыту реализации инфраструктурных проектов на территории Волгоградской области: представлены лучшие практики реализации таких проектов, преимущественно в форме концессий, выделены стратегические приоритеты развития ГЧП.Для оценки потенциала привлечения инвестиций для реализации проектов был проведен анализ и определен уровень развития ГЧП в регионе по методике оценки факторов. Информацией для исследования стали систематизированные данные Национального Центра государственно-частного партнерства. Развитию ГЧП в регионе способствует системная работа по наведению порядка во всех сферах, созданию условий для привлечения инвесторов, которая ведется с 2014 года. За это время количество проектов, реализуемых в рамках государственно-частного партнерства, увеличилось с двух до тринадцати. Одним из самых успешных примеров является концессионное соглашение между администрацией Волгограда и ООО «Концессии водоснабжения», подписанное в 2015 году и ставшее крупнейшим в Европе. Опыт вошел в сборник лучших российских практик в сфере ЖКХ.Цель – изучить возможности развития государственно-частного партнерства Волгоградской области в целях реализации инфраструктурных проектов.Метод или методология проведения работы: методология исследования представлена сравнительным анализом, синтезом, табличным методом обработки и представления данных.Результаты: механизм государственно-частного партнерства должен стать ключевым фактором реформирования системы государственного управления, новой концепцией отношений государства и бизнеса. Анализ и оценка уровня развития государственно-частного партнерства в рассматриваемом регионе подтвердил возрастающий потенциал привлечения инвестиций для реализации инфраструктурных проектов.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно рекомендовать органам государственной власти при разработке программ по созданию условий для развития государственно-частного партнерства в целях реализации инфраструктурных проектов.
ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНЫЕ ПАРКИ КАК ОПОРНЫЕ ТОЧКИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО КАРКАСА ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ
Authors: Nikitaeva Anastasiya Yurievna , Andryushchenko Olga Gennadievna
Published: April 2019

Статья посвящена исследованию индустриальных парков как опорных точек экономического каркаса инновационного развития территорий.В качестве методологической основы исследования использованы в комплексе системный, синергетический, институциональный, эволюционный, эндогенный подходы. В качестве теоретической базы работы выступили концепция экономического каркаса региона, концепция интеграционного развития промышленности, неоиндустриальная парадигма экономического развития. Методический аппарат статьи представлен методами анализа, синтеза, абстрагирования, логического обобщения.Целью работы является определение лимитирующих факторов и приоритетных направлений развития индустриальных парков для обеспечения позитивной инновационной динамики, повышения эффективности деятельности промышленных компаний и социально-экономического развития региональных хозяйственных систем.Результаты работы: дана характеристика индустриальных парков и их роли как опорных точек экономического каркаса инновационного развития территорий; эмпирически проиллюстрированы низкие результаты инновационной деятельности в отечественной экономике; раскрыты причины ограниченной результативности и определены предпосылки успешного развития индустриальных парков в России; обоснована целесообразность создания «умных индустриальных парков».Выводы: потенциально высокая эффективность индустриальных парков в контексте обеспечения стимулов для инновационного развития территорий и выстраивания устойчивого экономического каркаса пока не получила достаточной реализации в современных российских условиях. В настоящее время развитие индустриальных парков должно быть связано не только с повышением обоснованности их создания на региональном уровне и формированием эффективной системы менеджмента на уровне хозяйствующих субъектов, но и учетом мировых технологических трендов и особенностей развития аналогичных структур, проявляющихся в усилении роли информационного обмена, распространении моделей «умных» и экоиндустриальных парков».Область применения результатов: результаты исследования могут быть использованы при обосновании приоритетов и мер государственной инновационной, пространственной и промышленной политики, разработке концепций, стратегий и программ развития индустриальных парков на мезо- и микроуровне в условиях цифровизации экономики.