bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of lightweight high-strength concrete prepared by different materials in buildings
Authors: Li Tao
Published: December 2024

Lightweight high-strength concrete (LC) is widely utilized in buildings. This article mainly studied the properties of LC prepared by three different materials: polypropylene fiber (PPF), polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVAF), and copper-plated steel fiber (CPSF). The specimens with different fiber content were designed, and their performance in buildings was studied. The working performance of the mixture decreased with the increase in fiber content. In terms of mechanical properties, the compressive and flexural properties of LC were 58.33 MPa and 7.31 MPa, respectively, while those of CPSF3 were 69.81 MPa and 11.44 MPa, which were significantly higher than those of LC. Among the three kinds of fibers, PPF had an unsatisfactory effect on the improvement of mechanical properties. In terms of durability, the incorporation of fiber improved the freezing resistance, impermeability, and carbonation resistance of LC. CPSF had the best improvement effect on freezing resistance and impermeability, and PVAF had the best carbonation resistance. The results prove the performance advantages of LC prepared with different fibers in buildings, thus it can be applied in practice.
Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus wood from Moroccan clonal plantations
Authors: El Haouzali Hafida , Birche Bahae Eddine
Published: December 2024

The present research focuses on the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of the clonal Eucalyptus plantations. It concerns the clone 3933 (Eucalyptus grandis x?). To this end, ten logs, from ten different trees were cut and dried, to make standardized test samples for measuring moisture content, basic density, and shrinkage. The wood also underwent standardized bending, compression, and tensile tests. The results show that the wood of the studied clone is a medium-heavy, with high shrinkage and low to medium mechanical performance. It is more suitable for non-structural uses.
Functional Central Limit Theorems for epidemic models with varying infectivity and waning immunity
Authors: Zotsa Ngoufack Arsene Brice
Published: December 2024

We study an individual-based stochastic epidemic model in which infected individuals gradually become susceptible again following each infection (generalized SIS model). The epidemic dynamics is described by the average infectivity and susceptibility processes in the population together with the numbers of infected and susceptible/uninfected individuals. In R. Forien et al., Stochastic epidemic models with varying infectivity and susceptibility. arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.04667 (2022), a functional law of large numbers (FLLN) is proved as the population size goes to infinity, and asymptotic endemic behaviors are also studied. In this paper, we prove a functional central limit theorem (FCLT) for the stochastic fluctuations of the epidemic dynamics around the FLLN limit. The FCLT limit for the aggregate infectivity and susceptibility processes is given by a system of stochastic non-linear integral equation driven by a two-dimensional Gaussian process.
Single machine minsum and minmax common due date assignment and scheduling problems involving general position-dependent workloads
Authors: Mor Baruch
Published: December 2024

This study addresses the well-known scheduling and assignment problem with a common due date. Four cost components are assumed, i.e., earliness, tardiness, the cost of delaying the due date, and extended total completion time. The minsum and the minmax versions of the fundamental problem are solved. For each of the major versions of the classic scheduling theory assuming jobs with position-independent processing times, a detailed analysis is provided, and, consequently, the properties of an optimal solution and a closed-form solution. These elementary results lay the foundation for two extensions. The first extension is for jobs with variable processing times and focuses on general position-dependent processing times. The second extension considers the recently introduced convex resource allocation method with general position-dependent workloads and continuous non-renewable resource. All studied problems are shown to be solved in polynomial time, such that the computational complexity of the minsum and minmax position-independent processing time variants are O(n log n) and O(n), respectively, and the computational complexity of the variants involving variable processing times is O(n3).
2.9 Fluorination Enabled by Photoredox Reactions
Authors: Koike T.
Published: December 2024

In recent years, photoredox catalysis has become a useful strategy in the field of synthetic chemistry because generation of reactive radicals, ionic species, and organometallics under mild reaction conditions can be realized. This review mainly discusses fluorination reactions of carbon skeletons using photoredox catalysis. In addition, seminal works on photochemical hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) and photocatalyst-free photoinduced electron-transfer systems are also handled. These systems can be applied to fluorination reactions of C—H bonds, C—C bonds, C=C bonds, and appropriate functional groups.
Improved tropical cyclone boundary layer model and its application in floating offshore wind turbine structural response analysis
Authors: He Lun , An Liqiang , Zhang Ruixing , Yang Xinmeng , Huang Zenghao
Published: December 2024

The accurate simulation of tropical cyclone (TC) wind fields is essential for analyzing structural responses, given the potential severe damage to infrastructure caused by TCs. An improved TC boundary layer mean wind field model is proposed, building upon the Kepert model, by introducing a two-dimensional pressure field that varies with height and radius, a surface turbulent diffusivity influenced by wind speed at the lower boundary, and a surface roughness length affected by waves and spray. The accuracy of the improved model is validated through comparisons with TC observational data. Comparative analysis indicates that the Kepert model overestimates the tangential wind speed component. The two-dimensional pressure field employed in the improved model more accurately simulates the central pressure difference within the TC boundary layer. Furthermore, the incorporation of a surface turbulent diffusivity and sea surface roughness length that better reflects physical phenomena further enhances the accuracy of the improved wind field model. The structural responses of a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) situated in the TC eyewall region under emergency shutdown conditions are computed using both wind field models separately. The results indicate that blade tip displacement, tower top displacement, platform translation, and rotation responses (pitch and yaw) are overestimated by the Kepert model. In conclusion, the improved model accurately represents the TC structure, offering precise wind field data for assessing FOWT structural responses in TC conditions.
Coupled vibration of composite riser under gas–liquid internal flow
Authors: Congjia Qu , Xueping Chang , Yinghui Li
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a dynamic prediction model for coupled vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of the composite marine riser in cross-flow (CF) and in-line (IL) directions under the action of gas–liquid two-phase internal flow is proposed. Then, numerical simulations are performed to discuss the influences of the ocean current velocity, internal flow velocity of gas–liquid mixed transportation, gas volume fraction, and fiber orientation angle on the dynamic characteristics of coupled VIV in CF and IL directions of a composite riser. Of particular interest in this process is the combined influence of multiple factors on coupled vibration characteristics of a composite riser. The results show that due to the influence of the gas–liquid two-phase internal flow and composite materials, when the current velocity is large, the vibration modes in the CF and IL directions are not approximately twice the relationship. When the fiber orientation angle and gas volume fraction are changed, the vibration of the riser in the CF direction will appear as traveling wave characteristics. At this time, the vibration amplitude in the CF direction will increase significantly, and the vibration periodicity will decrease. In addition, the CF bending stress of the riser is more sensitive to the change of parameters. There is the jump phenomenon, and the change of fiber orientation angle will aggravate this phenomenon.
A small-scale spatial heterogeneity in photochemical reflectance index and intensity of reflected light at 530 nm in pea (Pisum sativum) leaves is sensitive to action of salinization
Authors: Kior Anastasiia , Yudina Lyubov , Zolin Yuriy , Popova Alyona , Sukhova Ekaterina , Sukhov Vladimir
Published: December 2024

Remote sensing of stressor action on plants is an important step of their protection. Measurement of photochemical reflectance index (PRI) can be used to detect action of stressors including salinization; potentially, a small-scale spatial heterogeneity of PRI (within leaf or its part) can be an indicator of this action. The current work was devoted to analysis of sensitivity of the small-scale heterogeneity in PRI and in the reflected light intensity at 530 nm (approximately corresponding to the measuring wavelength for PRI) in leaves of pea (Pisum sativum) plants to action of salinization. Plants were cultivated under controlled conditions of a vegetation room and under open-air conditions. It was shown that both the standard deviation of PRI and coefficient of variation of the reflected light intensity at 530 nm were sensitive to action of salinization on plants. Moreover, this variation coefficient was negatively corelated to the potential quantum yield of PSII; i.e. increasing the coefficient could be used to estimate decreasing this yield caused by photodamage of PSII under salinization. Our results show that the small-scale spatial heterogeneity in PRI and the reflected light intensity at 530 nm can be used as additional tools of the remote sensing of plant responses under action of salinization.
Aerial drones and recreational fish finders: evaluating a low-cost method for surveying fish aggregations
Authors: Scoulding B. , Fairclough D. V. , Devine C. , Jackson G. , Lewis P. , Waltrick D. , West L. , Skepper C. , Briggs J. , Lek E. , Yeoh D. E. , Crisafulli B. M. , Fisher E. A. , Denham A. , Mitchell P. J. , Gastauer S.
Published: December 2024

Context Globally, anthropogenic activities such as fishing and industrial development have affected fish abundance. Cockburn Sound, a crucial spawning site for the sparid Chrysophrys auratus near Perth, Western Australia, faces potential impacts from ongoing infrastructure development, such as ports. Aims To inform environmental-impact assessment, innovative non-extractive methodologies are needed to quantify C. auratus aggregation abundance. Methods This study evaluated an ‘aerial–acoustic survey method’ that combines data from aerial drones and recreational fish finders. We investigated the ability of both methods to identify C. auratus aggregations across known spawning sites, types of proxies of abundance obtained, the practicality of each method in ambient environmental conditions and survey costs. Key results By integrating drones and fish finders, surface and subsurface aggregations of C. auratus were documented over two spawning periods (September–November in 2022 and 2023), capturing important parameters related to aggregation frequency, distribution and size. Conclusions Although initial equipment investments were modest, expenses for survey planning, operations and data analysis were substantial. Nevertheless, this approach offers a cost-effective alternative to using more expensive scientific-grade equipment. Implications The study presents a promising methodology for assessing distribution and abundance as part of environmental impacts in infrastructure developments and managing resources, in ecologically sensitive areas such as Cockburn Sound.
What transcends “translation universals” across time?
Authors: Pang Shuangzi , Wang Kefei
Published: December 2024

Translation universals have been a central focus in corpus-based translation studies (CBTS), providing key
insights into translated texts. However, their diachronic aspects remain underexplored despite extensive study. This study
addresses this gap using Biber’s (1988) linguistic feature indicators. It primarily
investigates the diachronic evolution of register features in translated Chinese texts across four sampling periods, aiming to
identify potential translation-specific features that may emerge over time. The study utilizes the CDCMC, a diachronic composite
corpus comprising twenty million words sampled over four periods and spanning five genres. The research findings are as follows: (1) from a diachronic perspective, our analysis reveals a notable
tendency towards “leveling out” in text variety among translated Chinese texts, with changes being comparatively smaller than
those observed in original Chinese texts; (2) diachronic analysis revealed significant differences in four-dimensional features
between translated and original Chinese texts, highlighting that translated texts are more informative, logically and semantically
explicit, and demonstrate stronger argumentative and persuasive qualities than original Chinese texts; (3) multivariate regression
analysis indicates stable linguistic traits over time with significant stage-wise variations, supporting translation as
“constrained language” while also suggesting translated Chinese texts possess a degree of “activeness” compared to originals.
Current state of knowledge on cultural practices and sanitary threats of the horse in Algerian society
Authors: Khaled Hamza , Besbaci Mohamed
Published: December 2024

Algeria is a typical country of great and ancestral equestrian tradition where horses are a varied asset in terms of animal genetic resources, offering an important diversity of breeds in terms of their adaptation and their capacity for production in their natural environment. This literature review aims to illustrate the role played by the horse in Algerian culture and traditions from the past to the present and, to present main diseases studied throughout the country. The equine industry occupies a prominent place in the history and economy of North Africa, especially in Algeria, horse has a major role in sustainable development, particularly in the environmental field, by playing a particular role in the management of spaces and landscapes beneficial to the maintenance and development of biodiversity, but also in its relationship with humans. Especially in the Center and West of the country, horses are the main actors of "Fantasia", which ensures the continuity of an authentic military equestrian tradition, it is a simulation of traditional military action. According to the prevalence rates, the main diseases threatening horses’ health are Equine Influenza, West Nile Virus, Equine Viral Arteritis, Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis, Lyme disease, Toxoplasmosis, Microsporidiosis and Pinworms. However, low rates were observed for Rhinopneumonitis, Brucellosis, Surra and Cryptosporidiosis. Actually, horses deserve more attention from public authorities and civil society, to preserve this animal considered as a part of the national and humanitarian heritage.
Plain language summary of the MAJIC-PV study: A video summary from the authors’ perspective
Authors: Harrison Claire
Published: December 2024

In this video article, Prof. Claire Harrison presents the results of the MAJIC-PV studies and provides her perspectives.
Is p-Type Doping in TeO2 Feasible?
Authors: Xiao 肖 Zewen 泽文 , Qiu 邱 Chen 晨 , Wei 魏 Su-Huai 苏淮 , Hosono 细 Hideo 野秀雄
Published: December 2024

Wide-bandgap two-dimensional (2D) β-TeO2 has been reported as a high-mobility p-type transparent semiconductor [
Nat. Electron.
4 277 (2021)], attracting significant attention. This “breakthrough” not only challenges the conventional characterization of TeO2 as an insulator but also conflicts with the anticipated difficulty in hole doping of TeO2 by established chemical trends. Notably, the reported Fermi level of 0.9 eV above the valence band maximum actually suggests that the material is an insulator, contradicting the high hole density obtained by Hall effect measurement. Furthermore, the detected residual Se and the possible reduced elemental Te in the 2D β-TeO2 samples introduces complexity, considering that elemental Se, Te, and Te1−x
Se
x
themselves are high-mobility p-type semiconductors. Therefore, doubts regarding the true cause of the p-type conductivity observed in the 2D β-TeO2 samples arise. In this Letter, we employ density functional theory calculations to illustrate that TeO2, whether in its bulk forms of α-, β-, or γ-TeO2, or in the 2D β-TeO2 nanosheets, inherently exhibits insulating properties and poses challenges in carrier doping due to its shallow conduction band minimum and deep valence band maximum. Our findings shed light on the insulating properties and doping difficulty of TeO2, contrasting with the claimed p-type conductivity in the 2D β-TeO2 samples, prompting inquiries into the true origin of the p-type conductivity.
Analyzing MEMS resonator static pull-in and dynamics under electric excitation via position feedback controller
Authors: Abdelraouf M E , Kandil A , Zahra W K , Elsaid A
Published: December 2024

The micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) have efficacious and widespread use in several applications such as signal filtering, time referencing, sensing, and more. This paper’s aim is to study the effect of a position feedback controller on a clamped-clamped MEMS resonator. The resonator’s dynamics are modeled and studied to establish both the mode shape function and temporal function. Then, the method of multiple scales (MMS) is applied to generate analytical formulas for the resonator response, capturing nonlinearities and stability regions across various voltage levels. Several response plots are shown to clarify the controller’s impact on the dynamical behavior of the resonator. The general behavior of the analyzed model is verified numerically using the fourth order Rung-Kutta technique. Incorporating the position feedback controller delayed static pull-in by increasing the DC pull-in voltage threshold. In addition, the analysis of the frequency and voltage response curves of different feedback settings indicates small vibration changes and reveals that the nonlinear behavior of the resonator changes from softening to hardening with the increase of the gap distance.
Tribological behaviour of AZ31 Mg hybrid bio-composite reinforced with zirconium dioxide and seashell bio-ceramics
Authors: Seshadhri V , Alagarsamy S V , R Muruganandham
Published: December 2024

In the fast moving world, the material requirements are higher and also needed for tailor-end applications. Most of the applications require lightweight materials especially in the biomedical application and it should be biocompatible. Magnesium (Mg) alloys are the best candidate for biomedical application but it has low tribological property. So that, the present work focus on the improvement of tribological behaviour of AZ31 Mg hybrid bio- composite with addition of seashell powder (SSP) and zirconium di oxide (ZrO2) as reinforcements. The bio-composite was synthesized by reinforcing 2 wt% SSP and 10 wt% ZrO2 through stir casting method. For the tribological studies, a pin-on-disc machine was used to carried out the dry sliding wear test under varying conditions of input factors namely, applied load (L), sliding velocity (V) and sliding distance (D). A Taguchi integrated with TOPSIS approach were applied to find the best factors for less wear rate (WR) and the co-efficient of friction (COF) of the proposed bio-composite. The results ensured that ‘L’ has the most determinant factor for controlling the responses followed by ‘D’. Moreover, the worn surface morphology depicts that the bio-composite shows higher resistance to wear due to the addition of reinforcements developing the oxide layer thus protecting the specimen surface.
Thermodynamic optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties of Al-doped boron arsenide alloy
Authors: Amghar Inass , Ziati Meryem , Boubekraoui Amina , Ez-Zahraouy Hamid
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the electronic, optical, thermoelectric, and thermodynamic properties of BAs using Density Functional (DFT) and Semi-Classical Boltzmann theories. The band gap, initially determined by the GGA approximation, is refined using the TB-mBJ method, HSE, SOC, and GGA+U inelectronic property. Our calculations show a significant reduction in the band gap closed by the various approaches when aluminum (Al) is introduced into the BAs lattice, extending the material’s light absorption spectrum into the visible range. The thermoelectric properties of both pure and Al-doped BAs are evaluated near the Fermi level at various temperatures. The positive Seebeck coefficient indicates p-type behavior, and Al incorporation enhances electrical conductivity. The mechanical properties indicate that the compounds are stable. These findings denote potential applications for Al-doped BAs in thermoelectric and optoelectronic devices.
INVESTIGATION OF TUBERCULOSIS SENSING USING GRAPHENE COATED METAMATERIAL FIBER
Authors: MAHALAKSHMI PERUMAL , AL Shayeb Maher , Basri Rehana
Published: December 2024

Detection of tuberculosis (TB) is being showed a greater interest since it affects thevital human organ (lungs). In this paper, a biosensor based on optical fiber sensing fordetecting TB is proposed. Here, a hollow core fiber protected with a graphene coatedmetamaterial (MM) cladding is numerically investigated in the visible region using finiteelement method (FEM). The analyte under test (mycobacterium TB affected haemoglobin) isfilled in the core and the change in refractive index is obtained to calculate the sensitivity.Further, the proposed fiber is optimized by varying graphene thickness and concentration ofMM and investigated in terms of confinement loss, effective area, power confined to the coreand relative sensitivity. The proposed fiber reports an average relative sensitivity of 92.8%depicting a power confinement of upto 97.7% and numerical aperture of 0.24. Performancecomparison with other designs is carried out in order to project the efficacy of the proposedsensor. The obtained sensitivity enables the proposed sensor to be a suitable design indetection of TB and can be employed in medical diagnosis.
Numerical analysis of double-fractional PDEs in MHD hybrid nanofluid blood flow with slip velocity, heat source, and radiation effects
Authors: Omama M , Arafa Ayman A , Elsaid A , Zahra Waheed K
Published: December 2024

The study of blood flow in cylindrical geometries resembling small arteries is crucial for advancing drug delivery systems, cardiovascular health, and treatment methods. However, Conventional models have failed to capture the complex memory effects and non-local behavior inherent in blood flow dynamics, which hinders their accuracy in predicting critical flow and heat transfer properties for medical applications. To overcome these limitations, this research introduces a novel fractional-order magnetohydrodynamic model for blood flow, incorporating a ZnO and Fe
3
O
4 hybrid nanofluid. The model uniquely integrates boundary slip velocity effects within the double fractional Maxwell model (DFMM) rheology framework and utilizes the dual fractional phase lag bioheat model (DFPLM) applied to a porous cylindrical structure. Fractional-order time derivatives in the thermal and momentum equations are formulated using the Caputo approach, with numerical solutions derived via finite difference methods leveraging L1 and L2 approximations for Caputo fractional derivatives. The study examines the effects of fractional orders, relaxation time, and phase lags for heat and temperature, along with parameters such as thermal radiation, wall slip velocity, and porosity. These factors are analyzed for their impact on velocity, temperature, skin friction, and the Nusselt number. Results indicate that the hybrid nanofluid enhances heat transfer compared to blood or mono-hybrid nanofluids, while also reducing skin friction. Furthermore, fractional-order models provide more reliable and realistic predictions under varying flow conditions. The DFMM shows smoother transitions in velocity and friction, while the DFPLM predicts higher temperatures and greater heat transfer enhancement compared to classical and single-phase lag models. By integrating fractional calculus, this model offers improved simulation of complex transport phenomena in small arteries, contributing to the development of more effective cardiovascular treatments.
Transfer matrix model of beam propagation and optimization method for bulk multi-pass cell
Authors: Wang Xiaoyue , Shi Haotian , Wu Xiuqi , Luo Limeng , Qiao Hao , Zuo Yani
Published: December 2024

Bulk multi-pass cell (MPC) is an effective technique used for spectral broadening and temporal compression in the fields of ultrafast optics. In an actual experiment, due to mode-mismatching, the beam profile changes at each pass transmitting through the medium, which will damage the optical elements and has a negative impact on the nonlinear effects. In this paper, based on the symmetry configuration of MPC and ABCD transfer matrix, we propose the ABCD transfer matrix model for beam propagation and adjusted optimization method for input beam. To verify the model, the result is compared with the theoretical value of the resonator. The beam propagation and B-integral before and after mode-matching are calculated. The results demonstrate that the mode-matching adjustment method significantly improves beam quality and nonlinear effects during transmission. This technique provides a potential tool for the design, experiment and evaluation in the generation of ultrashort pulse.
Mathematical model for enhancing midwave infrared transmission using phoxonic crystals
Authors: Sharma Anurag , Kedia Jyoti , Gupta Neena
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a novel mathematical model for designing a highly efficient on-chip optical waveguide operating in the Mid-Wave Infrared (MWIR) spectrum, specifically covering a range from 3–5μm. The proposed waveguide (called Phoxonic waveguide) architecture achieves exceptional transmission rates of up to 99.8% throughout this broad range of MWIR. The simultaneous control of photon and phonon transmission in the proposed waveguide structure gives its name Phoxonic crystal waveguide. The exceptional performance in the proposed waveguide structure has been achieved due to the innovative use of a mirror-symmetric architecture, which effectively suppresses losses caused by the interaction between photons and phonons. To validate the proposed mathematical model’s effectiveness, extensive numerical simulations were conducted using the Qutip platform. This research opens promising avenues for the development of MWIR waveguides with wide-ranging applications in communication, defense, medicine, and technology.
Role of doping level, electric field and temperature on the charge transport properties of electrochemically polymerized poly(3-butylthiophene) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) devices
Authors: Singh W Joychandra , Singh K Jugeshwar , Devi K Nomita
Published: December 2024

In this article, the charge transport properties of electrochemically polymerized poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) devices using a sandwiched metal/polymer/metal structure are explored. These devices are successfully fabricated at different doping levels using electrochemical polymerization and thermal evaporation techniques. Low temperature-dependent Current–Voltage (I-V) measurement reveals that space charge limited conduction (SCLC) mechanism with a field and temperature-dependent mobility in the form of the Poole–Frenkel model governs the transport mechanism. The zero-field dependent mobility exhibits a thermally activated behavior, with two activation processes observed- one at higher and another at lower temperatures. The activation energy increases with the decrease in doping level at higher temperature regions, indicating the significant role of doping level in the activation process. However, electric field plays a significant role in the transport mechanism at lower temperatures. Comparatively, P3HT devices exhibit lower conductivity and mobility values than P3BT devices. The mobility ratio

μ

0,300
K

μ

0,50
K

for P3HT devices is considerably larger than that for P3BT devices. Additionally, the activation energy of P3HT devices is higher, providing evidence of a higher relative energetic disorder than P3BT devices.
A new color image encryption scheme based on DNA sequence operations and novel hyper-chaotic system
Authors: Liu Ruilin , Wang Shaofang , Wang Zeyuan , Gong Xi , Zhang Shengao , Zhou Jiangze
Published: December 2024

Aiming at the problems of weak key sensitivity and small key space of image encryption algorithm,in this paper,we propose an image encryption algorithm based on four-dimensional memristive hyperchaotic system and DNA operation. The algorithm first calculates the initial value of the image information by Secure Hash algorithm 512(SHA-512) hash algorithm, substitutes it into the four-dimensional memory-damped hyperchaotic system to generate a sequence, and then obtains the key map by Logistic mapping and Sine mapping.The preprocessed image matrix is obtained by dot-multiplication operation of the plaintext image with the square matrix generated by Sigmoid algorithm after Arnold permutation.Then DNA encoding,DNA row-by-row operation and DNA decoding are performed on the key map and preprocessed image, and at the end, the encrypted image is obtained after rotating the first round encrypted image and the key map by 90° for the second encryption.Experiments such as robustness analysis,anti-differential attack,and adjacent pixel correlation analysis show that the algorithm has a large key space,strong key sensitivity and the encrypted image has a small adjacent pixel correlation.It is shown that the algorithm can effectively protect the communication encryption of digital images.
Exploring non-radial oscillation modes in dark matter admixed neutron stars
Authors: Thakur Pratik , Kumar Anil , Thapa Vivek Baruah , Parmar Vishal , Sinha Monika
Published: December 2024

Because of their extreme densities and consequently, gravitational potential, compact objects such as neutron stars can prove to be excellent captors of dark matter particles. Considering purely gravitational interactions between dark and hadronic matter, we construct dark matter admixed stars composed of two-fluid matter subject to current astrophysical constraints on maximum mass and tidal deformability. We choose a wide range of parameters to construct the dark matter equation of state, and the DDME2 parameterization for the hadronic equation of state. We then examine the effect of dark matter on the stellar structure, tidal deformability and non-radial modes considering the relativistic Cowling approximation. We find the effect on p-modes is substantial, with frequencies decreasing up to the typical f-mode frequency range for most stars with a dark matter halo. The effects on the f-mode frequency are less extreme. Finally, we find the most probable values of the dark matter parameters that satisfy the observational constraints.
New realisation of light thermal dark matter with enhanced detection prospects
Authors: Adhikary Amit , Borah Debasish , Mahapatra Satyabrata , Saha Indrajit , Sahu Narendra , Thounaojam Vicky Singh
Published: December 2024

Light dark matter (DM) with mass around the GeV scale faces weaker bounds from direct detection experiments. If DM couples strongly to a light mediator, it is possible to have observable direct detection rate. However, this also leads to a thermally under-abundant DM relic due to efficient annihilation into light mediators. We propose a novel scenario where a first-order phase transition (FOPT) occurring at MeV scale can restore GeV scale DM relic by changing the mediator mass sharply at the nucleation temperature. The MeV scale FOPT predicts stochastic gravitational waves with nano-Hz frequencies within reach of pulsar timing array (PTA) based experiments like NANOGrav. In addition to enhancing direct detection rate, the light mediator can also give rise to the required DM self-interactions necessary to solve the small scale structure issues of cold dark matter. The existence of light scalar mediator and its mixing with the Higgs keep the scenario verifiable at different particle physics experiments.
N-soliton solutions and asymptotic analysis for the massive Thirring model in the laboratory coordinates via the Riemann-Hilbert approach
Authors: Li Yuan , Li Min , Xu Tao , Huang Ye-Hui , Xu Chuan-Xin
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the N-soliton solutions for massive Thirring model (MTM) in the laboratory coordinates are analyzed via the Riemann-Hilbert approach. The direct scattering including the analyticity, symmetries and asymptotic behaviors of the Jost solutions as |λ| → ∞ and λ → 0 are given. Considering that the scattering coefficients have simple zeros, the matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem, reconstruction formulas and corresponding trace formulas are also derived. Further, the N-soliton solutions in the reflectionless case are obtained explicitly in the form of determinants. The propagation characteristics of one-soliton solutions and interaction properties of two-soliton solutions are discussed. In particular, the asymptotic expressions of two-soliton solutions as |t| → ∞ are obtained, which show that the velocities and amplitudes of the asymptotic solitons don’t change before and after interaction except the position shifts. In addition, three types of bounded states for two-soliton solutions are presented with certain parametric conditions.
Mask-coding-assisted continuous-variable quantum direct communication with orbital angular momentum multiplexing
Authors: Cao 曹 Zhengwen 正文 , Wang 王 Yujie 禹杰 , Chai 柴 Geng 庚 , Chen 陈 Xinlei 欣蕾 , Lu 卢 Yuan 缘
Published: December 2024

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is a communication method based on quantum mechanics and it is used to transmit secret messages. Unlike quantum key distribution, secret messages can be transmitted directly on a quantum channel with QSDC. Higher channel capacity and noise suppression capabilities are key to achieving long-distance quantum communication. Here, we report a continuous-variable QSDC scheme based on mask-coding and orbital angular momentum, in which the mask-coding is employed to protect the security of the transmitting messages and to suppress the influence of excess noise. The combination of orbital angular momentum and information block transmission effectively improves the secrecy capacity. In the 800 information blocks ×1310 bits length 10-km experiment, the results show a statistical average bit error rate of 0.38%, a system excess noise value of 0.0184 SNU, and a final secrecy capacity of 6.319 × 106 bps. Therefore, this scheme reduces error bits while increasing secrecy capacity, providing a solution for long-distance large-scale quantum communication, which is capable of transmitting text, images and other information of reasonable size.
Intensity enhancement of Raman active and forbidden modes induced by naturally occurred hot spot at GaAs edge
Authors: Liu 刘 Tao 涛 , Lin 林 Miao-Ling 妙玲 , Meng 孟 Da 达 , Cong 从 Xin 鑫 , Kan 阚 Qiang 强 , Wu 吴 Jiang-Bin 江滨 , Tan 谭 Ping-Heng 平恒
Published: December 2024

Edge structures are ubiquitous in the processing and fabrication of various optoelectronic devices. Novel physical properties and enhanced light–matter interactions are anticipated to occur at crystal edges due to the broken spatial translational symmetry. However, the intensity of first-order Raman scattering at crystal edges has been rarely explored, although the mechanical stress and edge characteristics have been thoroughly studied by the Raman peak shift and the spectral features of the edge-related Raman modes. Here, by taking GaAs crystal with a well-defined edge as an example, we reveal the intensity enhancement of Raman-active modes and the emergence of Raman-forbidden modes under specific polarization configurations at the edge. This is attributed to the presence of a hot spot at the edge due to the redistributed electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic wave propagations of incident laser and Raman signal near the edge, which are confirmed by the finite-difference time-domain simulations. Spatially-resolved Raman intensities of both Raman-active and Raman-forbidden modes near the edge are calculated based on the redistributed electromagnetic fields, which quantitatively reproduce the corresponding experimental results. These findings offer new insights into the intensity enhancement of Raman scattering at crystal edges and present a new avenue to manipulate light–matter interactions of crystal by manufacturing various types of edges and to characterize the edge structures in photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Correlated physics, charge and magnetic orders in moiré kagomé systems
Authors: Liu 刘 Zhaochen 兆晨 , Wang 王 Jing 靖
Published: December 2024

Moiré systems have emerged as an ideal platform for exploring interaction effects and correlated states. However, most of the experimental systems are based on either triangular or honeycomb lattices. In this study, based on the self-consistent Hartree–Fock calculation, we investigate the phase diagram of the kagomé lattice in a recently discovered system with two degenerate Γ valley orbitals and strong spin–orbit coupling. By focusing on the filling factors of 1/2, 1/3 and 2/3, we identify various symmetry-breaking states by adjusting the screening length and dielectric constant. At the half filling, we discover that the spin–orbit coupling induces Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and stabilizes a classical magnetic state with 120° ordering. Additionally, we observe a transition to a ferromagnetic state with out-of-plane ordering. In the case of 1/3 filling, the system is ferromagnetically ordered due to the lattice frustration. Furthermore, for 2/3 filling, the system exhibits a pinned droplet state and a 120° magnetic ordered state at weak and immediate coupling strengths, respectively. For the strong coupling case, when dealing with non-integer filling, the system is always charge ordered with sublattice polarization. Our study serves as a starting point for exploring the effects of correlation in moiré kagomé systems.
Cross-correlations between signal’s components
Authors: Zhao 赵 Quankun 全坤 , Li 李 Sen 森 , Gu 顾 Changgui 长贵 , Wang 王 Haiying 海英 , Yang 杨 Huijie 会杰
Published: December 2024

Detecting coupling pattern between elements in a complex system is a basic task in data-driven analysis. The trajectory for each specific element is a cooperative result of its intrinsic dynamic, its couplings with other elements, and the environment. It is subsequently composed of many components, only some of which take part in the couplings. In this paper we present a framework to detect the component correlation pattern. Firstly, the interested trajectories are decomposed into components by using decomposing methods such as the Fourier expansion and the Wavelet transformation. Secondly, the cross-correlations between the components are calculated, resulting into a component cross-correlation matrix (network). Finally, the dominant structure in the network is identified to characterize the coupling pattern in the system. Several deterministic dynamical models turn out to be characterized with rich structures such as the clustering of the components. The pattern of correlation between respiratory (RESP) and ECG signals is composed of five sub-clusters that are mainly formed by the components in ECG signal. Interestingly, only 7 components from RESP (scattered in four sub-clusters) take part in the realization of coupling between the two signals.
Design and implementation of a compact analog Constant Fraction Discriminator for high-resolution timing in gamma-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Wiebusch Michael
Published: December 2024

This work presents a custom analog front-end card designed for the read-out of PMTs
coupled to lanthanum bromide scintillators. It integrates 16 discrete analog constant fraction
discriminators (CFDs) on a compact 12×10 cm board, providing precise timing information for
nuclear lifetime measurements. The design emphasizes cost-effectiveness, utilizing off-the-shelf
discrete components, as well as compactness, achieved by using miniature coaxial connectors and
cables as delay elements. The focus of this paper lies on the unusual and extremely minimalist
analog shaper/discriminator design which is devised without operational amplifiers, making use of
only a handful of RF transistors and LVDS receivers in place of comparators.
Effect of Ti, Bi, W, Zn, and Pb nanoparticles on the radiation shielding properties in transparent medium: a Monte Carlo study
Authors: Nikrah A. , Taherparvar P. , Sadremomtaz A.
Published: December 2024

Recently, researchers have tried to examine novel materials
to enhance radiation shielding in hospitals and medical centers as a
replacement for regular shielding materials such as lead and
concrete. To assess the impact of new radiation shield materials,
this study is devoted to the examining the silicon shields as well
as silica and tellurium glasses containing nanoparticles and
micro-particles. For this purpose, using Monte Carlo code MCNPX, the
role of Ti, Bi, W, Zn, and Pb particles in silicon shields, also
tellurium and silica glasses incorporating Bi2O3, ZnO,
TiO2, WO3, and PbO particles in nanometer and micrometer
scales with proportions of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%,
and 45% are examined. The MCNP results demonstrate a strong
agreement with the XCOM data, with a relative difference less than
2.11% across all samples. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test has
been conducted to evaluate the consistency between the simulated
data and the XCOM data, with the maximum vertical deviation (Dmax)
less than 0.01%. The results show the improvement of radiation
protection characteristics following the particle size reduction
from micrometers to nanometers in all shields. Moreover, it was
observed that increasing the proportion of nanoparticles in the
shields enhances the protective properties. As a result, the shields
containing the smallest size and accommodating the highest number of
particles exhibit the best radiation shielding properties. Finally,
the tellurium glasses doped with 45% nanoparticles of WO3
demonstrated the best shielding properties.
Changes in high-latitude surface energy balance driven by snowpack and vegetation dynamics under warmer climate
Authors: Mekonnen Zelalem A , Riley William J , Shirley Ian A , Bouskill Nicholas J , Grant Robert F
Published: December 2024

With rapid climate warming, expected changes in snowpack and vegetation will alter the seasonal surface albedo of high-latitude ecosystems. The extent to which these albedo changes may affect surface energy balances and thus soil temperatures is uncertain, but represents a potentially important component of ecosystem feedbacks to climate change. Here, we apply a well-tested process-rich ecosystem model, ecosys, to examine changes in seasonal surface albedo and soil temperature driven by climate-induced snowpack and vegetation changes across Alaska under a warmer twenty-first century climate. Under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 climate change scenario, the modeled changes in surface albedo exhibited large seasonal and spatial variations. We found spring albedo decreases driven by increases in snow-free periods (>20 d) and an extended growing season length that resulted in greater gains in leaf area index (LAI) in most parts of Alaska. In contrast, we modeled increases in summer and winter albedo (despite modeled increases in LAI) across much of the boreal forest due to an increased proportion of aspen, which has a higher leaf albedo than the currently dominant black spruce. Modeled latent heat fluxes generally increase across the twenty-first century, particularly during the spring and summer. Overall, climate warming and changes in surface energy fluxes resulted in a 3.5 ± 0.50 °C increase in spatial- and annual-averaged top 10 cm surface soil temperatures across Alaskan ecosystems by the year 2100, with larger increases in tundra than boreal forest regions. We conclude that under warmer climates, seasonal variations in albedo and surface energy fluxes are particularly pronounced during the spring and summer, driven by changes in snowpack and vegetation dynamics.
Lung dECM matrikine-based hydrogel reverses bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing M2 macrophage polarization
Authors: Zhu Xinglong , Yang Ying , Mao Shengqiang , Liu Qin , Li Yanan , Yang Yongfeng , Gao Mengyu , Bao Ji , Li Weimin , Li Yi
Published: December 2024

Background. Recent studies have shown promising results using decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) matrikines-based hydrogel as attractive strategies for preventing and alleviating fibrosis. Methods & Results. Porcine lung decellularization and pepsin digestion were used to prepare the lung dECM hydrogel. Proteomic analysis revealed that the lung dECM hydrogel was enriched in glycoproteins, collagens, laminins, fibrinogen, held receptors, and bound growth factors. With porous structures and good mechanical properties and stability, the lung dECM hydrogel showed low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. The lung dECM hydrogel was further administered to verify the safety and effectiveness of reversing pulmonary fibrosis in a bleomycin induced rat model. The results revealed a relatively complete alveolar structure with less inflammatory infiltration and a reduced amount of collagen fiber deposition. TMT quantification proteomic analyses revealed significant downregulation of proteins, pathways, and interactions involved in the regulation of ECM components, tissue remodeling, inflammation, and the cytoskeleton and indicated that fibrosis-related proteins were obviously downregulated and inflammation-related proteins were significantly changed, particularly in macrophages, after administration of the lung dECM hydrogel. Opal multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) staining of lung tissue revealed that the inflammatory response was regulated by the lung dECM hydrogel, as indicated by a decrease in the number of CD3+ T cells and macrophages and the suppression of M2 macrophage polarization. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that downregulated ficolin signaling was enriched in macrophages after lung dECM hydrogel administration, and the findings were verified in lung tissue by mIHC. Additionally, the effects of ficolin B proteins on macrophage polarization were proved in vitro. Conclusion. This study suggested that the lung dECM hydrogel can reverse pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing M2 macrophage polarization through downregulation of the ficolin signaling pathway. Thus, the dECM hydrogel represent a promising class of biological materials for use in regenerative medicine.