bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fruit Flies (Drosophila spp.) Collection, Handling, and Maintenance: Field to Laboratory
Authors: Topal Pragya , Garg Divita , S. Fartyal Rajendra
Published: April 2021

As drosophilids are versatile, low maintenance and non-harming model organisms, they can be easily used in all fields of life sciences like Genetics, Biotechnology, Cancer biology, Genomics, Reproductive biology, Developmental biology, Micro chemical studies, ecology and much more. For using such a model organism, we need to learn capturing, rearing and culturing their progeny along with basic identification and differentiation between males and females. This chapter is being emphasized on techniques of capturing these flies with different and effective techniques. Along with it, most species-specific baits are discussed to catch more yield. Culture food media, a set measurement of different ingredients is used to rear the collected sample. The reasons for using each ingredient are also discussed in this chapter. At last, this chapter highlights the basic clues to identify different species in the field and lab along with learning distinguishing characteristics of males and females easily and effectively.
Internal and External Radiofrequency Assisted Lipo-Coagulation (RFAL) in the Control of Soft Tissue Contraction during Liposuction: Part 2 “Outside In” RFAL Thermal Tissue Tightening
Authors: Stephen Mulholland Robert
Published: April 2021

The new Morpheus8 is a novel external RFAL device that uses the proven soft tissue contraction of BodyTite in an external, non-invasive procedure. This external RF applicator, which is also powered by BodyTite, inserts up to 40 positively charged, coated electrodes 8 mm into the subcutaneous, soft tissue envelope. A monopolar ablative lesion is generated from the tip of the electrode, stimulating contraction of the FSN and adipose coagulation. The RF then flows up to the distant negative, return electrodes on the surface of the skin, providing a non-ablative thermal stimulation to the papillary dermis. The “burst” feature of the Morpheus8, delivers simultaneous multiple levels of internal coagulation in a single one second pulse, amplifying the adipose ablation and contraction effect. Studies, show, that the combination of BodyTite internal thermal coagulation and external Morpheus8 at the time of liposuction can result in 60–70% area skin contraction, greatly improving the soft tissue contours and Body shaping outcomes following lipo-contouring procedures.
An Insight into Biofunctional Curcumin/Gelatin Nanofibers
Authors: Jee Kanu Nand , Gupta Eva , Sutar Venkateshwara , Kumar Singh Gyanendra , Kumar Vates Umesh
Published: April 2021

Electrospinning (ESPNG) was used to synthesize ultrathin (UT) and uniform nanofibers (from 5 nm to a few hundred nanometers) of various materials which have biomedical applications (BAs) such as dressing of wounds, drug discharge, and so on and so forth. In the first half of the report, there is an audit on the nanofibers having low diameter so that it could have larger surface area to volume proportion, likewise with that it would have sufficient porosity and improved mechanical properties required for wound healing. Nanofibrous mats (NMs) with high biocompatibility could be utilized during healing of wounds by sustained release of curcumin (Cc) and oxygen. The ESPNG was understood through in-depth numerical investigation in the present report. Furthermore, the process parameters (PMs) were reviewed in depth for their contributions in synthesizing UT - Curcumin/Gelatin (Cc/G) nanofibers (NFs) of optimum diameter. The aim of the discussion was to demonstrate that simply optimizing biofunctional (BF) - Cc/G NFs might not be enough to satisfy experts until they are also given access details about the complete ESPNG method (mathematical mechanism) to improve hold over the synthesis of NMs (suitable for BAs) for the release profile of Cc throughout critical periods of healing process.
The History and Development of Endovascular Neurosurgery
Authors: Lv Xianli
Published: April 2021

Endovasuclar neurosurgery, neuroendovascular surgery and neurointervention are all defined as endovascular diagnosis and treatment of vascular lesions involving the brain and spinal cord using catheters in the DSA (digital subtraction angiography) unite. Based on literature evidences, the field of endovascular neurosurgery has evolved rapidly and successfully over the past half century and has resulted in effective endovascular therapies for carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs), intracranial aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), dural arteriovenous fistulas, atherosclerosis of cerebral arteries, acute stroke, carotid artery disease, and vascular tumors of the head, neck, and spinal vascular malformations and tumors. The scope of practice of neurovascular endovascular surgery has become complex, requiring training in specific skill sets and techniques. The evolution of the neuroendovascular field has resulted in the development of program requirements for residency or fellowship education in endovascular neurosurgery.
Brazilian Coast: A Significant Gap in the Knowledge of Cyanobacteria and Their Applications
Authors: A. Caires Taiara , Michelle de J. Affe Helen
Published: April 2021

Brazil has 10.959 km of coastline which includes three ecoregions based on the biogeographic system, exhibiting a wide range of environments that favor the occurrence of numerous cyanobacterial morpho- and ecotypes. These organisms have a great adaptive capacity, which explains their occupancy in numerous environments and the high diversification of the group. Historically, the cyanobacteria have been classified only based on morphology, which makes their taxonomy quite challenging. There is usually little morphological variation between taxa, which makes it difficult to identify diacritical characteristics between some genera and species, making intergeneric and intraspecific delimitation tough. Thereby, the polyphasic approach based on different tools allows the identification of new taxa and the reassessment of those already established with more reliability, contributing to a better systematic resolution of the world ‘cyanoflora’, a term that we propose herein to describe the diversity of Cyanobacteria into Phycoflora area. However, the use of these tools is still not widely applied to most genera and species, especially those from tropical and subtropical environments, which has limited the real recognition of their biodiversity, as well as the knowledge about the cyanobacteria’s evolutionary history and biogeography. In Brazil, even with the great development of phycological studies, the knowledge about Cyanobacteria from marine benthic environments has not evolved to the same degree. This phylum has been neglected in floristic surveys, presenting only 46 benthic species reported to the long Brazilian coastline, evidencing the still incipient knowledge about the diversity and distribution of this microorganism’s group. Furthermore, biotechnological properties of Brazilian marine cyanobacteria are still almost completely unknown, with only three studies carried out to date, underestimating one of the most diverse groups and with promising potential for the possibility of isolating new biochemically active compounds. The ten new taxa related to the Brazilian coast in the last decade emphasizes the challenge of conducting further floristic surveys in the underexplored marine environments in order to fill an important lacune in the cyanoflora knowledge, as well as their biogeographic distribution and biotechnological potential. Besides, the recognition of the Brazilian cyanoflora makes an important contribution to the understanding of the functioning and monitoring of marine ecosystems and provide data for the construction of future public policies, which is a goal of the United Nations Decade for Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.
ACRL honors the 2021 award recipients: A recognition of professional development
Authors: Ollis Chase
Published: April 2021

ACRL is pleased to recognize the recipients of its 2021 awards. Made possible by generous corporate support, the annual presentation of ACRL’s awards enables ACRL to honor the very best in academic and research librarianship.
New mental costumes: Leveraging ACRL’s value of information frame in dealing with infodemics in a post-truth era
Authors: Durodolu Oluwole O. , Ibenne Samuel Kelechukwu , Dube Tinyiko Vivian
Published: April 2021

An infodemic can be defined a disproportionate aggregate of information regarding a problem that makes exposure to reality challenging in a manner that compromises logical thinking. It can also be categorized as a pervasive and deliberate spread of misinformation geared towards deceitfulness. In the 1st WHO Infodemiology Conference, it was affirmed in the context of the coronavirus pandemic that infodemic had heightened deception to the point that necessitates a harmonized response because of the overabundance of misinformation that the world is inundated with, so much so that finding dependable sources and reliable guidance when urgently needed has become an uphill task. Consequently, misinformation blows out of proportion at a remarkably faster pace and further compounded the complexity to health emergency response. The abundance of information on social media oftentimes without authentic sources leads to a dilemma in distinguishing facts, mere opinions, propaganda, or prejudices. Social media has become an avenue for all sorts of misinformation that initially seems credible but later proves fraudulent. Conversely, by the time the authenticity is confirmed to be false, the damage may be irreversible.
Gently stretching to reach all students: Inclusive learning through scaffolding and flexible pedagogy
Authors: Baer Andrea
Published: April 2021

Being flexible and responsive to students’ unique learning needs is a powerful skill in any teaching context, but it is perhaps especially valuable in one-shot library instruction, when a librarian has limited time with students and is often meeting them for the first time. Because librarians frequently enter the classroom with limited information about a class’s dynamics and its students’ current understandings, abilities, and interests, we often find ourselves needing to adapt in the moment of teaching more than we would if we had a more extensive connection to that class.
ACRL Board of Directors’ actions: Highlights of the Board’s Midwinter and fall meetings
Authors: Of College and Research Libraries Association
Published: April 2021

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, association governance has been taking place virtually since March 2020. With the ALA Midwinter Meeting taking place online, the ACRL Board met virtually in January and February. The Board held a virtual update session on January 25, 2021, and held Board meetings on January 27 and 29, 2021. In addition, the Board and Budget and Finance Committee convened for their annual joint meeting on February 2, 2021. As the Board did not meet in-person to approve confirmation of synchronous virtual actions taken during the fall meeting, this article also includes actions taken by the Board on November 16, 2020.
The Fight Against Enzy: US Libraries During the Influenza Epidemic of 1918
Authors: Mon Lorri
Published: April 2021

In 2020, a pandemic of the COVID-19 novel coronavirus struck worldwide, rapidly becoming the most devastating since the 1918 global influenza pandemic. As librarians confronted entirely new challenges in how to safely manage libraries during the COVID-19 crisis, a common question was, “what happened in libraries during the 1918 influenza pandemic?” This article explores that question through the lens of government documents and news articles of the 1918-1921 time period, seeking to understand what happened then in libraries nationwide, and what we might learn from it today.
Ce qu’être anticapitaliste veut dire : une approche constitutive
Authors: Del Fa Sophie
Published: April 2021

Cet article montre comment l’approche constitutive de la communication constitutive (ACC) permet d’étudier une organisation se revendiquant de l’anticapitalisme. Plus précisément il s’agit de comprendre comment le paradigme constitutif, en observant minutieusement la mise en relation des actrices et des acteurs (humains et non humains) permet de saisir l’anticapitalisme comme étant travaillé, c’est-à-dire réalisé, fait, mais aussi défait de l’intérieur, dans la remise en jeu perpétuelle de valeurs, parfois contradictoires. Dans cette perspective, nous mobilisons l’ACC comme une théorie opératoire pour dégager ce que signifie être anticapitaliste dans une université d’éducation populaire québécoise (l’UPop Montréal). L’article répond à la question « qu’est-ce qu’être anticapitaliste veut dire ? » en proposant de considérer l’anticapitalisme comme étant mû par des processus de différenciation qui modifient la relation que l’organisme entretient avec ce positionnement idéologique. Il s’agit d’une perspective nouvelle et originale pour saisir au plus proche des interactions les complexités de l’anticapitalisme.
Regendering the Canadian Armed Forces
Authors: Tait Victoria
Published: April 2021

Although feminist scholars agree that there exists a systemic relationship between masculinity and militarism, the exact contours of that relationship are debatable. Most feminists argue that as a primary goal, the women’s movement ought to seek approaches for the abolition of militarism, rather than using women’s participation in the military as a means of enhancing gender equality. Despite admonitions about the dangers of pursuing gender equality through military service, feminists must also weigh these concerns against women’s advances within the military and the use of the military in peacekeeping and humanitarian operations, both of which are essential to the Women, Peace and Security agenda. This article therefore turns a critical feminist lens on theories of military re-gendering. I explore whether military organizations that have traditionally valorized militarized masculinity can be transformed—both at an individual and systemic level—to embrace an egalitarian iteration of masculinity and contribute to a more peaceable international system. To examine the possibility of regendering in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), I review 17 interviews that I conducted with members of the CAF from 2017-2018 using theories of military regendering. My analysis indicates that servicemembers are engaging in critical examination of the military’s gender culture, and their position within that culture. By critically engaging with questions about the relationship between gender and militarism, military personnel may be participating in the incremental—and fragile—process of improving the gender culture of the CAF.
“The Strength behind the Uniform”: Acknowledging the Contributions of Military Families or Co-Opting Women’s Labour?
Authors: Spanner Leigh
Published: April 2021

Since 2008, the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) has called the military family “the strength behind the uniform.” The contributions and sacrifices of military families, and in particular spouses, are now formally recognized as essential to operational effectiveness, such as the ability to deploy troops quickly and easily. This represents a departure from previous eras, which took for granted the “naturalness” of a gendered division of labour in military households in support of organizational goals. Making visible and valuing this work parallels recent efforts by the CAF to improve the wellbeing of its people and advance gender equality in the organization and on operations. This article considers the gendered labour and power implications of formally recognizing the contributions of military families and spouses to the CAF. What does recognizing the military family as “the strength behind the uniform” mean for women and the gendered labour relations in military families? By drawing on analyses of policies, programs, and institutional rhetoric, alongside interviews by military family members, the article argues that in formally recognizing the family’s contribution to operational effectiveness, the CAF is co-opting the labour and loyalty of women spouses in military families. The institutional emphasis on “taking care of its people” obscures the ways in which the service required of military families is gendered and relies on women being constrained by traditional gender norms. These findings have implications for the genuine wellbeing of military families and for assessing feminist progress, or lack thereof, within the CAF institution.
Likelihood approximation networks (LANs) for fast inference of simulation models in cognitive neuroscience
Authors: Fengler Alexander , Govindarajan Lakshmi N , Chen Tony , Frank Michael J
Published: April 2021

In cognitive neuroscience, computational modeling can formally adjudicate between theories and affords quantitative fits to behavioral/brain data. Pragmatically, however, the space of plausible generative models considered is dramatically limited by the set of models with known likelihood functions. For many models, the lack of a closed-form likelihood typically impedes Bayesian inference methods. As a result, standard models are evaluated for convenience, even when other models might be superior. Likelihood-free methods exist but are limited by their computational cost or their restriction to particular inference scenarios. Here, we propose neural networks that learn approximate likelihoods for arbitrary generative models, allowing fast posterior sampling with only a one-off cost for model simulations that is amortized for future inference. We show that these methods can accurately recover posterior parameter distributions for a variety of neurocognitive process models. We provide code allowing users to deploy these methods for arbitrary hierarchical model instantiations without further training.
Bacterial evolution on demand
Authors: Johnsen Pål J , Gama João A , Harms Klaus
Published: April 2021

Bacteria carry antibiotic resistant genes on movable sections of DNA that allow them to select the relevant genes on demand.
Contents and yields of copper, iron, manganese and zinc would be affected by lucerne age and cut
Authors: Wang Zhennan , Shen Yizhao , Bi Chongliang , Pauline Mirielle , Zhang Qingping , Lv Shenjin , Yang Huimin , Yang Yan
Published: April 2021

Background

Lucerne is a perennial legume forage, which can produce multiple cuts in 1 year. Microelements play fundamental roles in the function, maintenance and adaptation to the environment for lucerne growth. However, the role of the accumulation of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn), which vary with lucerne ages or cuts, has not been previously determined. Therefore, a hypothesis on the Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in lucerne varying with age and cut was tested.

Methods

A total of 11, 8, 5, 4 and 1 year old lucerne (Medicago sativa Longdong) were selected as the material (until 2012 year), and samples were taken as three cuts at the cutting periods (early flowering stage) in 2012. Then, the contents and yields of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in lucerne were measured and calculated.

Results

The highest contents of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in lucerne were found in the 1 year old among the five ages, at the 3rd cut compared to the other two cuts, and in the leaf among the three organs. The highest yields of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were found in the older ages (11 and 8 years old), at the 3rd cut, and in the root among the three organs. The most positive correlations were found between contents, yields and biomass.

Conclusions

The hypothesis was supported by the results. And the contents and yields of lucerne Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were affected by the age, cut and organ. Furthermore, the yields of lucerne Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were determined by their contents and lucerne biomass.
Comparative analysis of MAPK and MKK gene families reveals differential evolutionary patterns in Brachypodium distachyon inbred lines
Authors: Jiang Min , Li Peng , Wang Wei
Published: April 2021

Background

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved with signal transduction in almost every aspect of plant growth and development, as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses. The evolutionary analysis of MAPKs and MKKs in individual or entire plant species has been reported, but the evolutionary patterns in the diverse inbred lines of Brachypodium distachyon are still unclear.

Results

We conducted the systematical molecular evolutionary analysis of B. distachyon. A total of 799 MAPKs and 618 MKKs were identified from 53 B. distachyon inbred lines. Remarkably, only three inbred lines had 16 MPKs and most of those inbred lines lacked MPK7-2 members, whereas 12 MKKs existed in almost all B. distachyon inbred lines. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that MAPKs and MKKs were divided into four groups as previously reported, grouping them in the same branch as corresponding members. MPK21-2 was the exception and fell into two groups, which may be due to their exon-intron patterns, especially the untranslated regions (UTRs). We also found that differential evolution patterns of MKK10 paralogues from ancient tandem duplicates may have undergone functional divergence. Expression analyses suggested that MAPKs and MKKs likely played different roles in different genetic contexts within various tissues and with abiotic stresses.

Conclusion

Our study revealed that UTRs affected the structure and evolution of MPK21-2 genes and the differential evolution of MKK10 paralogues with ancient tandem duplication might have functional divergences. Our findings provide new insights into the functional evolution of genes in closely inbred lines.
A Randomised Controlled Study of Two Different Doses of Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block
Authors: Ronakh R , Hariharasudhan B , Arish BT , Ranjan RV , George Sagiev Koshy , Segaran Sivakumar , Nagalakshmi P
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The use of Ultrasound (USG) for needle precision aids in reduction of local anaesthetic volume needed for peripheral nerve blockade. Conventional dosages of 30 to 40 mL of local anaesthetic mixture have been used in peripheral nerve blockades but using a lesser volume will reduce the incidence of local anaesthesia associated systemic toxicity. Aim: To assess the efficacy of two different doses 20 mL and 25 mL of Bupivacaine in USG guided axillary plexus block. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients requiring forearm and hand surgeries were randomised into two groups. Group A received low volume (20 mL of 0.375% bupivacaine) and group B received intermediate volume (25 mL of 0.375% bupivacaine). The quality of anaesthesia in regards to sensory and motor blockade, duration of analgesia, haemodynamic variability and complications were evaluated. Successful block was defined by Vester Anderson’s criteria. Duration of analgesia was measured using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Statistical comparison of all continuous variables were assessed utilising Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test as applicable. Results: No significant difference in onset times were observed as far as sensory and motor blockade was concerned between the two groups A and B with p-values of 0.69 and 0.40, respectively. Group B had significantly longer duration of block in comparison with Group A (p<0.001). Two patients in group A and one patient in Group B required supplemental analgesia with fentanyl boluses. Haemodynamics were stable and no complications were seen in both the groups. Conclusion: Lower volume of Bupivacaine is convincingly prudent for regional blockade under USG guidance than suggested in literature.
Keratitis due to a Rare Fungus Colletotrichum dematium: A Case Report
Authors: Wankhade Archana Bhimrao , Sahu Vijaya , Sharma Pratibha , Das Padma
Published: April 2021

Keratitis is a very serious clinical condition caused by bacteria, fungi or parasites. It is associated with serious complications like blindness or endophthalmitis if remained undiagnosed. A 42-year-old male patient with the history of foreign body inoculation presented with mild pain and redness. After clinical examination, fungal keratitis was diagnosed. Corneal scrapping was sent for microbiological investigation. A very rare fungi Colletotrichum dematium was isolated and identified. Patient was managed with Natamycin tab fluconazole and atropin eye drops. To know the geographical distribution of the rare fungi, more and more cases should be studied and reported, which will help in management of rare fungi and standardisation of therapy.
Ultrasound Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block versus Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Total Abdominal Hysterectomy- A RCT
Authors: Shukla Usha , Kumari Pratima , Yadav Jay Brijesh Singh , Kumar Atit
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Abdominal Hysterectomy (AH) is one of the most common surgeries performed in gynaecology and is associated with a medium to high pain level. Newly discovered peripheral blocks such as Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block and Quadratus Lumborum (QL) block have gained immense popularity as an adjunct to regional and general anaesthesia for postoperative pain management and reducing analgesic requirements. Aim: To compare the analgesic efficacy of QL block with TAP block in patients undergoing total AH. Materials and Methods: This was a double-blinded Randomised Clinical Trial (RCT). The study population comprised of 105 patients posted for elective total AH under spinal anaesthesia. They were randomly allocated into three groups of 35 patients each. Group Q received bilateral QL block with 40 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine divided on either side, Group T received bilateral TAP block with 40 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine divided on either side and in Group C no block was given. Patients were monitored for Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores at 0, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1st, 2nd, 6th, 12th and 24th hour postoperatively, time for first analgesic requirement, total analgesic requirement in 24 hours and patient satisfaction score after 24 hours and also adverse effects, if any. Data were analysed using Statistical Package For The Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 (Chicago, IL, USA) with independent t-test and Chi-square test as appropriate. The p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were significantly lower VAS scores in group Q than group T at 2nd and 6th hour with p-value of 0.003 and 0.001, respectively. The time for first analgesic was early in group C with mean value of 1.37±0.74 hours and it was 4.63±0.97 hours in group T and 7.77±1.51 hours in group Q. The total analgesic requirement was lesser in group Q when compared to group C and T. Patient satisfaction score was comparable between group Q and T (p=0.97). No significant difference in complications among the three groups was observed (p=0.51). Conclusion: QL block is a better postoperative analgesic technique than TAP block for postoperative analgesia in hysterectomy patients.
Fibular Aplasia, Tibial Campomelia, Oligo-Syndactyly Syndrome and Probable Femur Fibula Ulna Syndrome- Case Reports
Authors: Kavipurapu S Prathyusha , Maganthi Madhuri , Sundar LG Shyam , Ramya S
Published: April 2021

One in two thousand neonates suffer from congenital limb deficiencies. Fibular hemimelia, a birth defect, has an estimated incidence of 5.7 to 20 cases per 1 million births. Fibular Aplasia, Tibial Campomelia and Oligo-Syndactyly (FATCO) syndrome is one such which is a triad of fibular hemimelia (aplasia/hypoplasia of fibula), tibial campomelia (bending of tibial bone) and oligo syndactyly. It is a syndrome of unknown genetic basis and inheritance. Very few cases on this condition have been reported so far. This article reports two cases on this condition, wherein the babies had considerable variability of limb malformations. The first is a newborn with FATCO, and the second is a two-month-old male infant with FATCO associated with right focal femoral deficiency. In view of paucity of the cases, there is a need to report every case which may help in creating awareness and a standardised management approach.
Deep Venous Thrombosis Prophylaxis Practices in Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Singh Alisha , Samuel Mary , Sundarsingh Vijay , Kabra Pratik , Kumari Anshu
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) is one of the critical complications which can occur in patients subsequent to surgeries. The patients in Surgical Intensive Care Units (SICU) have increased propensity to have DVT due to prolonged immobilisation, invasive interventions and other risk factors. It is important to prevent DVT as this can lead to catastrophic Pulmonary Embolism (PE) and balance the risk of haemorrhages due to pharmacotherapy. Aim: To observe the DVT prophylaxis methods and to compare the incidence of DVT in the different methods used in SICU. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective cross-sectional study in which 62 patients, aged between 18-70 years admitted in SICU for more than or equal to two days, were included in the study. Patients on drugs affecting cardiovascular system and having significant co-morbidities and coagulation abnormalities, that can impact the occurrence of DVT, were excluded. All patients were followed-up till 28 days or ICU discharge, whichever was later. Patients were evaluated for type of prophylaxis for DVT that included any of mechanical interventions {such as stockings or Sequential Compression Devices (SCD)} or pharmacotherapy (Low molecular weight heparin or Unfractionated heparin) or a combination of both. Statistical analysis was carried out using Student’s t-test and Chi-square test. Results: Thirty (48.39%) patients were given both mechanical and pharmacotherapy, 12 (19.35%) had used only mechanical interventions and 20 (32.26%) had used pharmacotherapy alone for DVT prophylaxis. The overall incidence of DVT was 3.33% (one patient) for patients receiving both mechanical and pharmacotherapy whereas it was 10% (two) for those receiving pharmacotherapy alone and 16.67% (two) for those using mechanical intervention alone. Incidence of haemorrhage was highest in pharmacotherapy alone {three patients (15%)}. The overall dose of drugs used as pharmacotherapy was the least in those receiving dual interventions compared to that of patients receiving pharmacotherapy alone. Conclusion: Pharmacotherapy and pressure stockings together are an ideal therapy for DVT prophylaxis.
Rhupus Syndrome Presenting as Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Venugopal Vishal , Yelamanchi Srujan Sriram , Vijayakumari Vrinda , Rao VR Mohan
Published: April 2021

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) are characterised by two distinct immunopathological activities, the T-helper 2 cells play a vital role in pathogenesis of SLE while T-helper 1 cells play an important role in RA. Organ involvement in Rhupus syndrome is relatively rare. Here, authors present a case of 59-year-old female who came with complaints of multiple joint pain (involving small and large joints) for a year and dyspnoea for 6 months without co-morbidities, on examination she had pallor, impaired percussion note and velcro crepitations in bilateral infrascapular region, her Pulmonary function test revealed a restrictive pattern and High-Resolution CT (HRCT) chest revealed sub-pleural reticulations involving lower lobes, she was diagnosed as RA with Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) and started on hydroxycholoroquine, sulfasalazine and prednisolone. During follow-up after 6 months she developed a hyperpigmented rash over cheeks and bridge of nose, non-painful oral ulcers with Anti-Nuclear Antibodies (ANA) showing speckled positivity and Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) panel showing positive anti-ds DNA and negative anti-histone, here with, we present a case of Rhupus syndrome presented with ILD. Recognising this condition is important as treatment varies between Rhupus syndrome and SLE or RA.
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of COVID-19 Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata
Authors: Nag Avick , Ghosh Soumyadeep , Pal Anushree , Saha Ankan , Mandal Sanjay Kumar
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The disease caused by Coronavirus (COVID-19), is now pandemic all over the world including India. There are different manifestations of the disease from asymptomatic and mild to severe form. Clinical severity varies from country to country. This study was conducted to document different clinical and biochemical profiles in this Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata. Aim: The study was done to observe and to compare the clinical and biochemical profile in asymptomatic to mild and moderate to severe symptomatic patients. Materials and Methods: This was an observational study conducted in Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The study was conducted from June 2019 to mid-August 2019. Total 573 Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT PCR) positive COVID patients were included in this study. All patients were examined and investigated with blood parameters. Patients were divided into two groups (Group A-asymptomatic and mild symptoms and Group B moderate and severe symptoms) clinically. Statistical calculators like Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Soccalculator were used and different biochemical parameters were analysed using Chi-square, unpaired T-test to find out significance among these two groups. Results: Among 573 patients, 222 were in group A and 351 were in group B. Fever was the most common presenting feature (69.6%) followed by dry cough and shortness of breath. Other features were malaise/fatigability, diarrhoea and anosmia. Among the co-morbidities hypertension and diabetes were significantly different between the two groups. Among the biochemical parameters Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), C-Reactive Protein (CPR), D-dimer, Prothrombin time, Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: In a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata, fever is the most common presentation followed by dry cough and fatigability in COVID patients. Diabetes and hypertension are the common co morbidities. CRP, NLR, D-dimer, prothrombin time, SGOT and SGPT should be monitored to differentiate between mild and severe cases.
Novel Presentation of Retroperitoneal Cyst-A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Theja K Pranaya , Kumar K Senthil , Krishnan R Anantharama , Raghavan Vijayashree
Published: April 2021

Cystic lesions of the adrenal gland are usually rare, seen in 1/5750 to 1/250,000 of the population. They may be true cysts, infectious cysts, malignancies with cystic degeneration, or pseudocysts. Adrenal cysts are rare in the differential diagnosis of Retroperitoneal Cysts (RPC) and may be treated. They can be correctly identified through pathological testing. Here, the author presents a case of giant adrenal cyst in a young 38-year-old female.
A New Approach for Second-tier Analysis of Methylmalonic Acid in Dried Blood Spots using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Varughese Bijo , Madrewar Dnyanoba , Polipalli Sunil Kumar , Ramji Siddarth , Kapoor Seema
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Inactivity or diminished activity of an enzyme Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (a Cobalamin dependent) enzyme causes inborn error of metabolism named Methylmalonic Acidemia/Aciduria (MMA). Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based method for the diagnosis of MMA in Newborn Screening (NBS), is often challenging due to the nonspecificity of propionylcarnitine (C3), a primary marker in routine NBS. Aim: To develop a Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) method for the second-tier estimation of Methylmalonic acid in the Dried Blood Spots (DBS) of primary NBS. Materials and Methods: A retrospective NBS study was conducted for a period of two years i.e. (November 2015 to November 2017) at the Paediatrics Research and Genetic Lab of Maulana Azad Medical College associated Lok Nayak Hospital, a Tertiary Care Centre in New Delhi, India. DBS samples were collected by heel- prick method and a second tier detection, quantification of methylmalonic acid was performed by LC-MS/MS on all samples with abnormal C3 levels in primary NBS. Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode at m/z 117→73 for MMA and m/z 120→75 for MMA(IS) and isotopic dilution approach was followed for quantification. Results: Intra-assay and inter-assay precision and accuracy was determined at two different levels of MMA (LQC≅2.0 μmol/L and HQC≅10.0 μmol/L), respectively. The Coefficient of Variation (%) for intraday precision ranged between 5.27% to 8.9%. Similarly, for interday it ranged from 4.99% to 9.93%. The average accuracy (%) also falls within (105.4% and 106.1%) for interday and (105.9% and 106.7%) for intraday assay. Stability for samples during storage at different temperature i.e., (fresh, 2-8°C and -20°C) showed long term stability at -20°C storage. The assay was linear over a calibration range of (0.5 to 20.00 μmol/L). Conclusion: The outcome of the present data offers the confidence and reliability in the possible utility of this method for the definitive diagnosis and follows-up of MMA patients.
High Resolution Computed Tomography of Thorax- Is it an Early Predictor of Hypoxaemia in COVID-19 Patients?
Authors: Sharawat Ajay , Sen Kamal Kumar , Panda Sangram , Mohanty Sudhansu Sekhar , Bhuyan Darsana , Agrawal Akshat , Sethi Humsheer , Swaraj Sunny
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Novel Coronavirus-2019 (nCoV-2019) is capable of human-to-human transmission and can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome similar to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) due to lung parenchyma destruction. Some patients with COVID-19 consistently demonstrated no hypoxaemia, however, some patients develop sense of difficulty in breathing due to increased airway resistance. Aim: To assess the potential of High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) thorax as an early predictor of hypoxaemia in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective longitudinal cohort study of 1000 Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 and HRCT thorax positive patients, who were monitored simultaneously for SpO2 levels, were undertaken. HRCT findings were graded into Computerised Tomography Severity Index (CTSI) and correlated with patient’s SpO2 levels, at the time of scan on admission. Patients, who had normal SpO2 levels (≥95%) at the time of initial scan, were monitored upto five days. Pearson’s correlation test was used to find correlation between CTSI and SpO2 levels. Results: In present study group there was male predominance (4:1). Fever was the most common clinical presentation followed by cough. HRCT thorax features were categorised as Typical 769 (76.9%), Indeterminate 176 (17.6%) and atypical 55 (5.5%). 371 (82.8%) patients with SpO2 >95% were having CTSI between 0-7, similarly 189 (54.4%) patients with SpO290-94% were having CTSI between 8-15 and 133 (64.8%) patients with SpO2 <90% were having CTSI between 16-25. So, the present study categorised the patients into three groups- Category 1 (CTSI 0-7), Category 2 (CTSI 8-15) and Category 3 (CTSI 16-25) for better and prompt identification of clinical severity and their management. Majority of patients in CTSI category 1, 2 and 3 were having SpO2 levels ≥95%, 90-94% and <90%, respectively. Statistical correlation between CTSI and SpO2 levels at the time of initial scan was significant (Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r)=-0.261 and p-value <0.01). Number of patients who developed hypoxaemia (SpO2 <95%) on follow-up in CTSI Category 1, 2 and 3 were 42 (11.32%), 10 15.87%) and 2 (14.28%), respectively. The association between CTSI and development of hypoxaemia based on follow-up SpO2 levels was statistically found to be insignificant (chi-square value=1.21, degree of freedom (d.f.) 2 and p-value=0.570). Conclusion: In present study group, a negative correlation was established between CTSI and SpO2 levels. The association between CTSI and development of hypoxaemia on follow-up SpO2 monitoring was found to be non-significant statistically. So, HRCT thorax cannot be relied upon as an early predictor of hypoxaemia in COVID-19 patients.
Prevalence of Abnormal Karyotypes among Males with Non-obstructive Azoospermia and Severe Oligozoospermia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Narayanan Priya , Ashalatha PR
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Chromosomal abnormalities are one of the important causes of male infertility. Numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities are seen frequently in men with azoospermia and severe oligospermia. Other abnormalities include Y Chromosome Microdeletions (YCMD), Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene mutations affecting the internal ductal system, genes affecting sperm function and other non-specific disorders. Upto 14% of the men with azoospermia and severe oligospermia have karyotypic abnormalities. Aim: To determine the prevalence of abnormal karyotypes among men with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia (<5 million/mL). Materials and Methods: The present study was a retrospective observational study carried out at the Fertility Clinic, Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Calicut, Kerala, India, on patients who attended the Infertility Department between January 2016 to December 2019. Semen analysis was done on 232 patients with 100 patients of azoospermia and 132 patients of oligozoospermia. Karyotyping was done from the Cytogenetics Unit, Department of Anatomy. The data was entered in MS excel sheet and analysed and results were expressed in percentage. Results: Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 35 (35%) of 100 azoospermia and 15 (11.3%) of 132 severe oligospermia cases analysed. Klinefelter syndrome was the most common abnormality detected in azoospermia (22/35). A 46XX was found in two cases. Structural abnormalities were detected in three case (46 X, der X, 46XY der Chr 1 and Chr 9 inversion). Small Y was found in three cases. Polymorphic variants were found in five patients (46XY 15pstk+, 46XY 15ps+, 46XY 1qh+, 46XY 9qh+). Small Y was found in one case. In oligozoospermia, autosomal translocations were found in four cases {46XY, t(11;13)(q21;q21.2), 46XY, t(1;9) (p13;p21), 46XY, t(13;15)(q34;q21), 46XY, t(7,14) (q34:q11)}, Derivative (46XY der 15) and Marker chromosome (47XY+mar) in one case each. Klinefelter syndrome was found in two cases and 48XXYY was found in one patient. Polymorphic variants were found in five cases (46XY 21pstk,46XY 15ps+, 46XY 1qh-, 48XY 9qh+). Small Y was found in one case. Conclusion: Sex chromosomal and autosomal abnormalities are found frequently in azoospermia and severe oligospermia and hence, genetic screening and counseling before Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is warranted.
CONHECIMENTOS PRÉVIOS DOS ALUNOS DE UMA ESCOLA TÉCNICA FEDERAL E SUAS PERCEPÇÕES SOBRE EDUCAÇÃO FINANCEIRA: ALGUNS PRESSUPOSTOS FAMILIARES / PRIOR KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENTS AT A FEDERAL TECHNICAL SCHOOL AND THEIR PERCEPTIONS ON FINANCIAL EDUCATION: SOME FAMILY ASSUMPTIONS
Authors: Argolo Patricia Santana de , Rehfeldt Márcia Jussara Hepp , Strohschoen Andreia Aparecida Guimarães
Published: April 2021

Objetiva-se neste estudo: “Problematizar com alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio Técnico do Instituto Federal da Bahia – IFBA o tema planejamento financeiro, com base no conhecimento da Educação Financeira”. A prática pedagógica investigativa foi realizada em uma escola de Ensino Médio Técnico do município de Valença/BA. Os sujeitos participantes foram 26 alunos do terceiro ano. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa. Os dados foram analisados usando os pressupostos da análise textual discursiva. Os resultados revelaram duas categorias de análise, Economia  e Consciência. Observamos que os alunos já despertaram a consciência em suas escolhas, demonstrando que não se pode descuidar do que foi conquistado com dificuldade. As afirmações nos levaram a refletir no sentido de observar como esses jovens se colocam diante das suas questões financeiras, ao mesmo tempo, a nos posicionar enquanto educadoras, auxiliando-os  na construção dessa consciência financeira em sua formação.
DIÁRIOS DE APRENDIZAGEM COMO INSTRUMENTO DE PROMOÇÃO DO PENSAMENTO METACOGNITIVO: UMA DISCUSSÃO SOB A VISÃO DOS SUJEITOS ENVOLVIDOS / LEARNING DIARIES AS AN INSTRUMENT TO PROMOTE METACOGNITIVE THINKING: A DISCUSSION UNDER THE VIEW OF THE SUBJECTS INVOLVED
Authors: Boszko Camila , Rosa Cleci Teresinha Werner da
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho discute o potencial dos diários de aprendizagem como instrumento estimulador da expressividade de elementos metacognitivos, tendo como questionamento: que elementos metacognitivos são favorecidos com os diários reflexivos como ferramenta de aprendizagem? Partiu-se da identificação de que a literatura tem se ocupado de discutir essa possibilidade sem apresentar estudos que mostrem o detalhamento de quais elementos metacognitivos são favorecidos e quais os que merecem serem revistos. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito professores de Física em formação inicial que fizeram uso de diários de aprendizagem durante um semestre letivo em um componente curricular. Os resultados mostraram que os diários de aprendizagem podem ser considerados favorecedores dessa forma de pensamento. O estudo identificou fragilidades em alguns componentes metacognitivos apontando à possibilidade de que esses diários sejam acompanhados de guias orientativos ou questionários que auxiliem a ativação dessa forma de pensamento.
DAS VIVÊNCIAS À ESCOLA: CONHECIMENTOS E MEMÓRIAS DE ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO INTEGRADO / FROM EVERYDAY LIFE TO SCHOOL EXPERIENCES: KNOWLEDGE AND MEMORIES OF INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Druzian Lidiane Bolzan , Vestena Rosemar De Fátima
Published: April 2021

O produto educacional “Das vivências à escola: conhecimentos e memórias de estudantes do Ensino Médio Integrado” objetivou diagnosticar conhecimentos cotidianos de estudantes do primeiro ano do Curso Técnico em Agropecuária Integrado do ano de 2018 do IFFar/SVS, com vistas a transferir suas potencialidades didáticas, integrando-as ao currículo escolar do Ensino Médio Integrado. Após ser aplicado aos estudantes, foi possível classificar os registros em três categorias i) atividades culinárias constituindo-se em conhecimento escolares; ii) atividades agrícolas constituindo-se em conhecimentos escolares; e iii) atividades pecuárias e da pesca constituindo-se em conhecimentos escolares. A partir desses dados, apresenta-se o produto oferecendo um diagnóstico acerca dos conhecimentos advindos dos saberes e memórias dos estudantes ao longo de suas trajetórias na convivência familiar e comunitária até chegarem ao IFFar/SVS.