bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pendidikan Karakter dalam Kaulinan Budak Baheula: Studi Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Permainan Anak Tradisional Sorodot Gaplok Dari Jawa Barat
Authors: Amirudin Amirudin , Mukarom Zaenal
Published: July 2019

Sorodot Gaplok merupakan salah satu jenis permainan anak tradsional (kulianan budak baheula) khas Jawa Barat. Secara eksistensial,  Sorodot Gaplok dapat dikategorikan sebagai permainan popular khususnya bagi warga masyarakat Desa Manggung Jaya, Kecamatan Cilamaya Kulon, Kabupaten Karawang. Hal ini dikarenakan permainan tradisional ini bukan hanya dilakukan oleh anak-anak, tapi juga oleh orang dewasa. Dilihat dari bentuk dan karakter permainannya, Sorodot Gaplok dipandang bukan saja sebagai permainan mengisi waktu luang, melainkan sarat akan nilai-nilai moral dan pendidikan karakter di dalamnya. Atas dasar itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap nilai-nilai moral dan pendidikan karakter dalam permainan sorodot gaplok di kalangan warga masyarakat Desa Manggung Jaya, Kecamatan Cilamaya Kulon, Kabupaten Karawang. Studi ini menggunakan metode studi kasus dengan landasarn teori dari Rogers & Sawyers tentang nilai-nilai dalam aktifitas bermain anak. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Permainan sorodot gaplok bersifat rekreatif, kompetitif, dan edukatif; 2) Permainan sorodot gaplok termasuk ke dalam model pembelajaran outdoor education; 3) Permainan sorodot gaplop dapat menstimuli enam aspek yaitu motorik, kognitif, emosi, sosial, ekologi, dan moral; 4)Permianan sorodot gaplok memiliki empat dimensi pendidikan karakter yaitu problem solving, kekuatan verbal dan nonverbal, keterampilan sosial, serta ekspresi emosi. Dengan beberapa temuan tersebut, studi ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya dan melengkapi kajian tentang pentingnya pelestarian nilai-nilai budaya local sebagai salah satu model penguatan pembentukan dan pendidikan karakter anak bangsa. Disamping itu, studi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi mainstreaming akan pentingnya pembangunan berwawasan pendidikan yang ramah anak terutama bagi para pemegang kebijakan.
Idham Chalid and Normal Islam Educational Reform in Amuntai South Kalimantan
Authors: Malisi M Ali Sibram
Published: July 2019

This article focused on the efforts of Kiai Haji Dr. Idham Khalid as a leader in the Pesantren Normal Islam Amuntai South Kalimantan. He leads the pesantren in the context that the society need of renewal efforts of Islamic educational aspects in the midst of the country's struggle for independence. This research is important because the Islamic boarding school (pesantren) Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Amuntai South Kalimantan until today remains maintaining its tradition and at the same time developing it with normal Islam conception to perpetuate it as one madrasah under the largest Pesantren in South Kalimantan. This study used literature and interview as methods. The paper finds that the role of Kiai Haji Dr. Idham Chalid in educational reform at boarding schools occurs by changing its dynamics through proposed and evolutive forms. The forms are: a conservative at the initial phase; reformative in the middle of his leadership and transformative in the period of Pesantren Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah. These findings are based on a number of aspects of education being examined, they are: the aspect of the pesantren education goals by analysing the dynamic of the curriculum, and the flexible aspect by examining its persistency in maintaining classical books of Islam. The latter is to maintain the tradition of moderate clerics in the reproduction of Madrasah (schooling) by integrating the classical books and the modern literatures. Organizational survival strategy was developed by diversifying the variants of boarding school institutions which is influenced by Kyai’s leadership using synergy and collaboration approach to prepare with cadre for organizational sustainability.
THE K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari: The Reformer of Islamic Education of East Java
Authors: Muspawi Mohamad
Published: July 2019

K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari gait on Islamic education in Indonesia is the real act of governance developing power. The Thought and the Islamic Education dakwah K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari give the good benefits on Muslim Indonesia. Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang East Java is the historical evidence concerning to development of Islamic education in Indonesia. This article aims to examine the contribution K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari on the developing on Indonesia Islamic Education. This research uses qualitative method with literary research. The paper presents a scientific issue on the contribution K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari Thoughts for Indonesia Islamic Education. First, the developing Education takes by pondok pesantren Tebuireng Jombang. Second, the improving Education goes from Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) organization. Third, the witting education makes the development of kitab kuning. The three points will be discussing in this paper.
Seraja Szapszał – hachan karaimski w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej w świetle dokumentów Ministerstwa Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego
Authors: Resler Tomasz
Published: July 2019

Artykuł ukazuje hachana jako przywódcę religijnego w oczach władz państwowych przez pryzmat dokumentów zgromadzonych w Ministerstwo Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego. Instytucja ta miała decydujący wpływ na prowadzenie polityki wyznaniowej przez przekuwanie koncepcji i idei politycznych w praktyczne działania państwa. Ukazanie, w jaki sposób hachan karaimski był postrzegany przez urzędników MWRiOP uzupełni lukę w badaniach nad historią i pozycją prawną tej społeczności. Literatura przedmiotu do tej pory nie pochyliła się wystarczająco nad tym,  jak Seraja Szapszał był odbierany przez władze państwowe. Ukazanie tego wątku pomaga lepiej zrozumieć politykę państwa wobec Karaimów, a także przyczynia się do ukazania genezy ustawy regulującej wzajemne relacje oraz dopełnia obraz społeczności karaimskiej przed II wojną światową. Artykuł odpowiada na pytania o stosunek państwa do Karaimów jako społeczności, stosunek władz do Seraji Szapszała oraz ich wzajemne relacje, wskazując obszary, które mogły wywoływać animozje.
Dezerterzy przed sądami Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Kasprzycki Remigiusz
Published: July 2019

W latach 1921–1939 wojskowy wymiar sprawiedliwości ukarał kilka tysięcy żołnierzy, którzy dopuścili się dezercji. Byli wśród nich Polacy, a także służący w Wojsku Polskim Ukraińcy, Białorusini, Żydzi, Niemcy i Litwini. Wielu z dezerterów sądzono nie tylko za ucieczki z Wojska Polskiego, ale także za różne przestępstwa kryminalne. Wśród zbiegów z różnych pułków, a także żołnierzy Korpusu Ochrony Pogranicza byli żołnierze, którzy przez kilka lat przebywali za granicą. Mimo poważnych zarzutów dotyczących szpiegostwa i udzielania poufnych informacji wywiadom państw obcych, dezerterzy często unikali wysokich kar. Na takie decyzje w dużej mierze wpływ miał fakt, że dezerterów bronili w sądach wybitni adwokaci. W Poznaniu był nim płk dr Antoni Neuesser, w Krakowie dr Leopold Süesser, we Lwowie Stanisław Mrozowski i dr Roman Aleksandrowicz, a w Warszawie mecenas Stanisław Rundo. Obrońcy często akcentowali złe położenie materialne rodzin dezerterów, trudne dzieciństwo zbiegów i analfabetyzm. Niskie wyroki sądu w wielu sprawach irytowały prokuraturę, a także dowódców niektórych pułków. Wielu dezerterów okazywało skruchę i pragnęło szczerej poprawy. Jednak byli także tacy, których nie zmieniło więzienie. Niektórzy z nich uciekali nawet z tego miejsca.
Kryteria oceny wad fizycznych zwierząt koniowatych (Equidæ) stosowane przez autorów rzymskich
Authors: Dzikowski Andrzej
Published: July 2019

Praca omawia kryteria stosowane przez rzymskich pisarzy, w tym jurystów, działających w okresie klasycznym, w celu oceny wystąpienia u danego zwierzęcia z rodziny koniowatych wad w postaci morbus vitiumve. Dotyczy ona odpowiedzialności za wady fizyczne koni, osłów i ich mieszańców, rozpatrywanej na tle rozważań Rzymian, zarówno prawników, jak i innych autorów, takich jak pisarze agrarni, w tym definiowania stanów zdrowia i choroby, w połączeniu z krótką charakterystyką stanu rozwoju wiedzy lekarsko-weterynaryjnej w starożytnym Rzymie, przechowaną zwłaszcza w traktatach agrarnych.
Dekada z wieczności. Wizja władzy i jej funkcjonowanie we wczesnym Królestwie Jerozolimskim
Authors: Komarnicki Konrad
Published: July 2019

Praca dotyczy wizji władzy i jej funkcjonowania podczas pierwszej krucjaty i w pierwszej dekadzie istnienia państw krzyżowców. Skupia się na istocie i teologicznym znaczeniu krucjaty oraz eschatologicznej roli Jerozolimy, które mają ogromny wpływ na pojmowanie władzy i jej realizowanie.Krzyżowcy pojmowali siebie jako nowy Naród Wybrany uważając się za swoistych współodkupicieli świata. Poprzez zdobycie Jerozolimy mieli doprowadzić do ponownego przyjścia Chrystusa. Skutkiem tych idei była postawa Gotfryda, który nie przyjął korony, lecz skupił się na tworzeniu wspólnoty wokół Grobu Bożego, która miała uosabiać Kościół czuwający.Ważnym dziełem w budowaniu Królestwa Niebieskiego były też fundacje i donacje poświęcone dla kościołów i klasztorów na górze Syjon, górze Tabor, w dolinie Jozafata oraz dla szpitala Świętego Jana w Jerozolimie. Wszystkie te nadania związane były z głęboką symboliką mesjańską i eschatologiczną.Na wyprawach krzyżowych w ogromnej mierze skorzystały miasta włoskie. Przywileje wydane w pierwszych latach po zdobyciu Jerozolimy dawały im ogromną ekonomiczną przewagę.Jednocześnie zarówno Gotfryd jak i Baldwin w sprawny sposób zajmowali się polityką wewnętrzną i militarną swojego państwa. Paradoksalnie papiestwo okazało się sojusznikiem Baldwina, który pod pewną przykrywką realizowania idei reformatorskich papiestwa, zapewniał sobie dużą władzę nad Kościołem Jerozolimskim, który swe pierwotne plany supremacji władzy duchowej zamienił na wewnętrzne waśnie, spory i skandale.
Language learning and inclusion in Italy
Authors: Carloni Giovanna , Sisti Flora
Published: July 2019

The study of inclusion models has regained attention in light of recent migratory phenomena. In this context, research in the area of second language (L2) teaching methodologies occupies a central role because it examines the most effective teaching approaches to promote the learning of a language that will be instrumental in the inclusion of the migrant

For a definition of migrant see the European Migration Network (EMN) Glossary: “In the global context, a person who is outside the territory of the State of which they are nationals or citizens and who has resided in a foreign country for more than one year irrespective of the causes, voluntary or involuntary, and the means, regular or irregular, used to migrate”. https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/glossary_en (accessed April 7, 2018).

in a new socio-cultural context. This work proposes some reflections on the bonds between language and cultural identity, with particular focus on the problematics related to culture shock. The premise is that language plays a key role as an instrument in inclusion because it allows the individual to understand a new reality and to make him or herself understood by others through a narrative process (storytelling). To promote the true inclusion of migrants into the fabric of the society of the adopted country, it is important to pursue a dual objective: to provide migrants with the instruments necessary for inclusion into the host society and, at the same time, educate the members of the host society as regards intercultural relationships. The purpose of this work is to furnish some research-based guidelines suitable to effective L2 teaching and present an example of an experience in the process of inclusion mediated through Italy’s works of art in museums.
“Cultura e accoglienza”: The inclusion of asylum seeker students in university language courses. Initial experience and data
Authors: Duso Elena Maria , Marigo Luisa
Published: July 2019

In 2016 the University of Padova and its Language Centre (Centro Linguistico di Ateneo– CLA) became involved in the two-year “Cultura e accoglienza” Project (see Dalziel and Piazzoli in this volume), the aim of which was to encourage around 30 refugees and asylum seekers to pursue university studies by means of a personalized training programme with support from language teachers and tutors. This report first describes some of the main national projects regarding the inclusion of refugee/asylum seekers in Italy and then describes the “Cultura e accoglienza” project, highlighting some of the opportunities and challenges it presented. For the Language Centre this was the very first experience of this kind.
Cysteine, glutathione and a new genetic code: biochemical adaptations of the primordial cells that spread into open water and survived biospheric oxygenation
Authors: Moosmann Bernd , Schindeldecker Mario , Hajieva Parvana
Published: July 2019

Life most likely developed under hyperthermic and anaerobic conditions in close vicinity to a stable geochemical source of energy. Epitomizing this conception, the first cells may have arisen in submarine hydrothermal vents in the middle of a gradient established by the hot and alkaline hydrothermal fluid and the cooler and more acidic water of the ocean. To enable their escape from this energy-providing gradient layer, the early cells must have overcome a whole series of obstacles. Beyond the loss of their energy source, the early cells had to adapt to a loss of external iron-sulfur catalysis as well as to a formidable temperature drop. The developed solutions to these two problems seem to have followed the principle of maximum parsimony: Cysteine was introduced into the genetic code to anchor iron-sulfur clusters, and fatty acid unsaturation was installed to maintain lipid bilayer viscosity. Unfortunately, both solutions turned out to be detrimental when the biosphere became more oxidizing after the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. To render cysteine thiol groups and fatty acid unsaturation compatible with life under oxygen, numerous counter-adaptations were required including the advent of glutathione and the addition of the four latest amino acids (methionine, tyrosine, tryptophan, selenocysteine) to the genetic code. In view of the continued diversification of derived antioxidant mechanisms, it appears that modern life still struggles with the initially developed strategies to escape from its hydrothermal birthplace. Only archaea may have found a more durable solution by entirely exchanging their lipid bilayer components and rigorously restricting cysteine usage.
Economic Optimization of Rare Earth Element Leaching Kinetics from Phosphogypsum with Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Gaetjens Thomas , Liang Haijun , Zhang Patrick , Moser Ryan , Thomasson Haley , Dylewski Haley , Counce Robert , Watson Jack
Published: July 2019

Frequently optimizations of chemical processes are presented in terms of the maximization of fractional conversion, but the primary concern when implementing a process is much more likely to be the economic viability. These are distinct optima that tend to occur at very different points. It was the purpose of this paper to integrate leaching experimental data with cost analysis to arrive upon economically optimized leaching conditions for the recovery of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum, a water phosphate byproduct. The variables under consideration were the number of leaching reactors and the residence time of each reactor. The modeling results indicated that the optimum residence time was 270 minutes and that the optimum number of stages was one.
Enhanced Model Predictive Current Control Based on Runge–Kutta Approximation for a Voltage Source Inverter
Authors: Ebrahimpanah Shahrouz , Chen Qihong , Zhang Liyan
Published: July 2019

This paper proposes a model predictive current control (MPCC) method with duty cycle control based on the Runge–Kutta approximation compared to the Forward Euler Approximation for grid-connected three-phase inverters with output LCL filter. Hence, results of proposed MPCC methods alongside of the conventional MPCC have been investigated to find the best strategy. First, all 7 possible switching states have been checked by the discrete-time system model based on two approximation methods to select a state that minimizes the cost function. However, at this stage only one voltage vector is chosen during one control period, which cannot decrease the current ripples to a minimum value. Hence, for having sufficient performance, the sampling frequency is necessary to be selected high. Then, the idea of duty cycle optimization has been introduced by using two voltage vectors (a non-zero and a zero voltage vector) during one control period. Therefore, the duration of two voltage vectors have been defined according to the principle of current error minimization. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed MPCC method based on the Runge–Kutta approximation has been verified by MATLAB/Simulink and experimental results exhibit a better steady-state performance with less sampling frequency as compared to the conventional strategy.
What’s in a Bantu verb? Actionality in Bantu languages
Authors: Crane Thera Marie , Persohn Bastian
Published: July 2019

The lexical and phrasal dimensions of aspect and their interactions with morphosyntactic aspectual operators have proved difficult to model in Bantu languages. Bantu actional types do not map neatly onto commonly accepted categorizations of actionality, although these are frequently assumed to be universal and based on real-world event typologies. In this paper, we describe important characteristics and major actional distinctions attested across Bantu languages. These, we argue, include complex lexicalizations consisting of a coming-to-be phase, the ensuing state change, and the resultant state; sub-distinctions of coming-to-be phases, and other issues of phasal quality. Despite these fine-grained distinctions in phasal structure and quality, evidence for a principled distinction between activity- and accomplishment-like predicates is mixed. We review the current state of evidence for these characteristics of Bantu actionality and sketch methodological directions for future research.
Mapping variation in Basque: The BiV database
Authors: Fernández Beatriz , Berro Ane , Urrestarazu Iñigo , Orbegozo Itziar
Published: July 2019

The aim of this paper is to present theEuskara Bariazioan/Basque in Variation(BiV) database, a project launched by the Basque and Beyond (Bas&Be) research group. This open-access online database, available in both Basque and English versions, is intended to facilitate research on Basque morphosyntactic features that show cross-dialectal variation. Based on data obtained from questionnaires, theBiVprovides the user with a description of each feature together with illustrative examples, and accompanies each entry with a map graphically depicting the distribution of variation. The resulting fine-grained picture of the distribution of morphosyntactic phenomena across Basque varieties has the ultimate goal of improving our understanding of the systematicities and connections that underlie variation. Thanks to its user-friendly format, the database can be used easily by anyone who is interested in Basque morphosyntax in particular and cross-linguistic variation in general. The results obtained thus far show that while some features have the same distribution across Basque varieties as that previously reported, others are spreading and thus have a wider geographical presence than has been described in the literature.
Crystal structure of (E)-N′-((1,8-dihydropyren-1-yl)-methylene)picolinohydrazide, C23H15N3O
Authors: Huanhuan Yang , Qingqing Xu , Haodong Feng , Yuan Juan
Published: July 2019

C23H15N3O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.4372(3) Å, b = 11.9366(2) Å, c = 10.23409(19) Å, β = 106.963(2)°, V = 1686.92(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0380, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1055, T = 115.2(3) K.
The synthesis and crystal structure of bis(2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-5-methylbenzen-1-ido-κ2
C,N)-(N,N′-diethyldithiocarbamato-κ2
S,S′)iridium(III), C33H30N3S4Ir
Authors: Chen Lianqing , Wu Zhongda , Yang Jing , Zhang Shijuan
Published: July 2019

C33H30N3S4Ir, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.6429(10) Å, b = 10.9111(10) Å, c = 24.234(2) Å, β = 93.2890(10)°, V = 3073.6(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0198, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0507, T = 273(2) K.
Hindered phenol-mediated damping of polyacrylate rubber: effect of hydrogen bonding strength on the damping properties
Authors: Ma Renbo , Zhang Xuewei , Liu Chao , Wu Wei
Published: July 2019

The loss factor (tanδ) and glass transition temperature (T
g) are two important parameters for evaluating damping properties. Hydrogen bonds (H bonds) play an important role in improving damping properties. In this work, the effect of the hydrogen bond strength and number on the damping properties was studied. Four hindered phenols with different steric hindrances were used to form hydrogen bonds with different strengths to mediate tanδ and T
g. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that hindered phenol content lower than 38 wt% led to a linear increase in tanδ and T
g because of the formation of H bonds. The Kwei equation was used to explain the relationship between H bonds and tanδ. When the content was higher than 38 wt%, the small molecule-hindered phenols can be divided into two categories: those that can maintain a good miscibility, thus continuously increasing the tanδ, and those that make tanδ increase slowly or decrease because of poor miscibility. These results demonstrated that tanδ is closely related to both hydrogen bond strength and number. The degree of hindrance of the hydroxyl group determines the hydrogen bond strength, whereas the miscibility determines the number.
Feasibility study on production of Sc-47 from neutron irradiated Ca target for cancer theranostics applications
Authors: Gizawy Mohamed A. , Mohamed Nader M. A. , Aydia Mohamed I. , Soliman Mohamed A. , Shamsel-Din Hesham A.
Published: July 2019

Scandium-47 is one of the most useful radioisotopes which is gaining great importance in cancer theranostics applications due to its favorable nuclear and chemical properties. MCNPX2.7.0 code was used to simulate the neutron activation of natural calcium target positioned at a thermal neutron flux of 1.8 × 1014 n cm−2 s−1 in the Egypt Second Research Reactor (ETRR-2). The burn card was used to calculate 47Ca and 47Sc radioactivities during 3 days irradiation and 20 days post-irradiation. The undesirable impurities generated during this period were also calculated. The obtained calculations were found to be in agreement with the experimental measurements. The distribution coefficient value (Kd) of 47Sc(III) as well as 47Ca(II) ions was determined using the commercially available ion-exchanger Chelex 100 in HNO3 and/or HCl media. Radiochemical separation of 47Sc(III) from 47Ca(II) was studied using HNO3 and HCl solutions and the results showed that HNO3 is a better medium than HCl for complete retention and recovery of 47Sc(III), where the recovery yields were 85 ± 1.2 and 95 ± 0.87 % using 1 M HCl and 1 M HNO3 solutions, respectively. The recovery yield obtained in our work was higher than in the reported procedures. Radionuclidic, radiochemical and chemical purities were investigated to ensure the suitability of 47Sc(III) for nuclear medicine applications.
Designing & Conducting Trials to Reliably Evaluate HIV Prevention Interventions
Authors: Fleming Thomas R. , DeGruttola Victor , Donnell Deborah
Published: July 2019

While much has been achieved, much remains to be accomplished in the science of preventing the spread of HIV infection. Clinical trials that are properly designed, conducted and analyzed are of integral importance in the pursuit of reliable insights about HIV prevention. As we build on previous scientific breakthroughs, there will be an increasing need for clinical trials to be designed to efficiently achieve insights without compromising their reliability and generalizability. Key design features should continue to include: (1) the use of randomization and evidence-based controls, (2) specifying the use of intention-to-treat analyses to preserve the integrity of randomization and to increase interpretability of results, (3) obtaining direct assessments of effects on clinical endpoints such as the risk of HIV infection, (4) using either superiority designs or non-inferiority designs with rigorous non-inferiority margins, and (5) enhancing generalizability through the choice of a relative risk rather than risk difference metric. When interventions have complementary and potentially synergistic effects, factorial designs should be considered to increase efficiency as well as to obtain clinically important insights about interaction and the contribution of component interventions to the efficacy and safety of combination regimens. Key trial conduct issues include timely enrollment of participants at high HIV risk recruited from populations with high viral burden, obtaining ‘best real-world achievable’ levels of adherence to the interventions being assessed and ensuring high levels of retention. High quality of trial conduct occurs through active rather than passive monitoring, using pre-specified targeted levels of performance with defined methods to achieve those targets. During trial conduct, active monitoring of the performance standards not only holds the trial leaders accountable but also can assist in the development and implementation of creative alternative approaches to increase the quality of trial conduct. Designing, conducting and analyzing HIV prevention trials with the quality needed to obtain reliable insights is an ethical as well as scientific imperative.
Gardening as More than Urban Agriculture: Perspectives from Smaller Midwestern Cities on Urban Gardening Policies and Practices
Authors: Strunk Christopher , Lang Ursula
Published: July 2019

For the most part, research and policymaking on urban gardening have focused on community gardens, whether in parks, vacant lots, or other public land. This emphasis, while important for many Midwestern cities, can obscure the significance of privately owned land such as front yard and back yard and their crucial connections with gardening on public land. In this case study, we examine how policies and practices related to gardening and the management of green space in two Midwestern cities exceed narrow visions of urban agriculture. The article explores the cultivation of vacant lot gardens and private yards as two modes of property in similar Midwestern contexts and argues that the management of green space is about more than urban agriculture. Instead, we show how urban gardening occurs across public/private property distinctions and involves a broader set of actors than those typically included in sustainability policies. Gardening also provides a key set of connections through which neighbors understand and practice sustainability in Midwestern cities.
Constructing Cab Calloway
Authors: Sloan Nate
Published: July 2019

Cab Calloway was of the most popular jazz musicians of the 1930s and 1940s whose legacy today is complicated by his repertoire of novelty songs with references to minstrelsy, his residency at a segregated Harlem cabaret, the Cotton Club, and his marketing to white audiences by manager Irving Mills. Calloway’s sound and persona—commercial, racialized, theatrical—did not square with an emergent art discourse around jazz during the 1930s. Hit songs like “Minnie the Moocher” (1931), with its dark, minor sound world, exaggerated depictions of seedy Harlem nightlife, and cultivated use of local slang, catapulted Calloway to success and stardom while erasing him from a burgeoning narrative that defined jazz as an autonomous, high-art tradition.

Drawing on an elaborate press manual prepared by Mills, Calloway’s reception in historical black newspapers, and musical analysis of recordings of “Minnie” and other lesser-known Calloway numbers, this article examines the music, marketing and reception of Calloway during his Cotton Club residency (1931–34, with sporadic appearances thereafter) to illuminate the contemporary valences of an important interwar performer. Rather than hearing Calloway’s music in terms dictated by jazz’s post-war art discourse, the article strives to locate his songs in their original time and place, and seeks to understand Calloway’s significance by exploring the construction of his public persona. The application of a lens of historical particularity reveals that Calloway’s “novelty” songs acted as powerful articulations of contemporary black life during a pivotal period of Harlem culture.
Growth hormone secretion, fatigue and quality of life after childhood traumatic brain injury
Authors: Daskas N , Sharples P , Likeman M , Lightman S , Crowne E C
Published: July 2019

Context

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a recognised cause of hypopituitarism in adults but the prevalence after childhood TBI remains controversial.

Objective

To investigate long-term endocrine outcomes and quality of life (PedsQL and QoL-AGHDA (Quality of Life in Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency Assessment)) following childhood TBI.

Design

Prospective study.

Methods

Participants with moderate/severe TBI (n = 31) and controls (n = 17). Mean (range) age: 19.8 ± 4.2 (11–26), time post TBI: 9 (7–11) years. Detailed endocrine evaluation of stimulated (insulin tolerance test (ITT)) and spontaneous GH secretion (overnight profile) was undertaken in the TBI group; QoL and neuroimaging in both groups.

Results

No participant had seizures, short stature, precocious puberty or hypothyroidism. In 6/25 the ITT GH response was below age-defined cut-offs and cortisol <500 nmol/L in 2/25. Mean spontaneous GH secretion was <3.1 µg/L in 16/22 but peak GH was low only in 1/22 profiles. One patient had abnormal spontaneous and stimulated GH secretion and hypogonadism. Fatigue and depression scores were higher in TBI patients (P = .011 and P = .020). Fatigue correlated with measures of spontaneous but not stimulated GH secretion. Overall QoL (PedsQL) did not differ between groups but specific attributes of health state (cognition, memory) were impaired in TBI patients. Pituitary neuroimaging was normal in all participants.

Conclusions

Fatigue and depression were common 8–10 years post childhood TBI. One individual had GHD (1/22) using rigorous diagnostic criteria. A single ITT potentially over-diagnosed GHD in 25% (6/25) without clear correlation with symptoms underlying the importance of using two diagnostic tests in TBI survivors.
Why don’t corticotroph tumors always produce Cushing’s disease?
Authors: García-Martínez A , Cano D A , Flores-Martínez A , Gil J , Puig-Domingo M , Webb S M , Soto-Moreno A , Picó A
Published: July 2019

Objective

Silent corticotroph tumors are a pituitary neuroendocrine tumor subtype of corticotroph lineage that do not clinically express Cushing’s disease. The silencing of this type of tumor is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to delve into the lack of secretory activity, studying the post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation of POMC/ACTH in a series of molecularly identified functioning and silent corticotroph tumors.

Design

We analyzed 24 silent corticotroph, 23 functioning corticotroph and 25 silent gonadotroph tumors.

Methods

We used Sanger sequencing, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot to analyze genetic alterations in POMC, gene expression of TBX19, NEUROD1, POMC, PCSK1, PCSK2, CPE and PAM and protein expression of POMC, PC1/3, PC2, CPE and PAM.

Results

We found different polymorphisms in the POMC gene of corticotroph tumors, some of them related to deficiency of proopiomelanocortin. Silent corticotroph tumors showed lower PC1/3 gene and protein expression than functioning ones, especially compared to micro-functioning corticotroph tumors (all P < 0.05). Moreover, we found a positive correlation between PC2 and CPE gene and protein expression (rho ≥ 0.670, P < 0.009) in silent corticotroph tumors compared with functioning ones.

Conclusions

By studying the post-transcriptional and post-translational processing of POMC and ACTH, respectively, in a large series of silent and functioning corticotroph tumors, we found that the lack of secretory activity of these tumors is related to an impaired processing of POMC and a high degradation of ACTH, with the macro-functioning corticotroph tumor behaving as an intermediate state between micro-functioning and silent corticotroph tumors.
Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) have specific impacts on the mouse uterus
Authors: Simitsidellis Ioannis , Esnal-Zuffiaure Arantza , Kelepouri Olympia , O’Flaherty Elisabeth , Gibson Douglas A , Saunders Philippa T K
Published: July 2019

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) have been proposed as therapeutics for women suffering from breast cancer, muscle wasting or urinary incontinence. The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in the uterus but the impact of SARMs on the function of this organ is unknown. We used a mouse model to compare the impact of SARMs (GTx-007/Andarine®, GTx-024/Enobosarm®), Danazol (a synthetic androstane steroid) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on tissue architecture, cell proliferation and gene expression. Ovariectomised mice were treated daily for 7 days with compound or vehicle control (VC). Uterine morphometric characteristics were quantified using high-throughput image analysis (StrataQuest; TissueGnostics), protein and gene expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR, respectively. Treatment with GTx-024, Danazol or DHT induced significant increases in body weight, uterine weight and the surface area of the endometrial stromal and epithelial compartments compared to VC. Treatment with GTx-007 had no impact on these parameters. GTx-024, Danazol and DHT all significantly increased the percentage of Ki67-positive cells in the stroma, but only GTx-024 had an impact on epithelial cell proliferation. GTx-007 significantly increased uterine expression of Wnt4 and Wnt7a, whereas GTx-024 and Danazol decreased their expression. In summary, the impact of GTx-024 and Danazol on uterine cells mirrored that of DHT, whereas GTx-007 had minimal impact on the tested parameters. This study has identified endpoints that have revealed differences in the effects of SARMs on uterine tissue and provides a template for preclinical studies comparing the impact of compounds targeting the AR on endometrial function.
Minimal Effects of Proto-YChromosomes on House Fly Gene Expression in Spite of Evidence that Selection Maintains Stable Polygenic Sex Determination
Authors: Son Jae Hak , Kohlbrenner Tea , Heinze Svenia , Beukeboom Leo W , Bopp Daniel , Meisel Richard P
Published: July 2019

Sex determination pathways evolve fast and can even be variable within species. Son et al. used the house fly as a model to study the evolution of sex determination because it has a male...

Sex determination, the developmental process by which organismal sex is established, evolves fast, often due to changes in the master regulators at the top of the pathway. Additionally, in species with polygenic sex determination, multiple different master regulators segregate as polymorphisms. Understanding the forces that maintain polygenic sex determination can be informative of the factors that drive the evolution of sex determination. The house fly, Musca domestica, is a well-suited model to those ends because natural populations harbor male-determining loci on each of the six chromosomes and a biallelic female determiner. To investigate how natural selection maintains polygenic sex determination in the house fly, we assayed the phenotypic effects of proto-Y chromosomes by performing mRNA-sequencing experiments to measure gene expression in house fly males carrying different proto-Y chromosomes. We find that the proto-Y chromosomes have similar effects as a nonsex-determining autosome. In addition, we created sex-reversed males without any proto-Y chromosomes and they had nearly identical gene expression profiles as genotypic males. Therefore, the proto-Y chromosomes have a minor effect on male gene expression, consistent with previously described minimal X–Y sequence differences. Despite these minimal differences, we find evidence for a disproportionate effect of one proto-Y chromosome on male-biased expression, which could be partially responsible for fitness differences between males with different proto-Y chromosome genotypes. Therefore our results suggest that, if natural selection maintains polygenic sex determination in house fly via gene expression differences, the phenotypes under selection likely depend on a small number of genetic targets.
Neighborhood Social Conditions, Family Relationships, and Childhood Asthma
Authors: Chen Edith , Hayen Robin , Le Van , Austin Makeda K. , Shalowitz Madeleine U. , Story Rachel E. , Miller Gregory E.
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Poor neighborhood conditions have established associations with poorer child health, but little is known about protective factors that mitigate the effects of difficult neighborhood conditions. In this study, we tested if positive family relationships can buffer youth who live in dangerous and/or disorderly neighborhoods from poor asthma outcomes.

METHODS:

A total of 308 youths (aged 9–17) who were physician-diagnosed with asthma and referred from community pediatricians and/or family practitioners participated in this cross-sectional study. Neighborhood conditions around families’ home addresses were coded by using Google Street View images. Family relationship quality was determined via youth interviews. Clinical asthma outcomes (asthma symptoms, activity limitations, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentile), asthma management behaviors (family response to asthma symptoms and integration of asthma into daily life), and asthma-relevant immunologic processes (lymphocyte T helper 1 and T helper 2 cytokine production and sensitivity to glucocorticoid inhibition) were assessed via questionnaires, interviews, spirometry, and blood draws.

RESULTS:

Significant interactions were found between neighborhood conditions and family relationship quality (β = |.11–.15|; P < .05). When neighborhood danger and/or disorder was low, family relationships were not associated with asthma. When neighborhood danger and/or disorder was high, better family relationship quality was associated with fewer asthma symptoms, fewer activity limitations, and higher forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentile. Similar patterns emerged for asthma management behaviors. With immunologic measures, greater neighborhood danger and/or disorder was associated with greater T helper 1 and T helper 2 cytokine production and reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity.

CONCLUSIONS:

When youth live in dangerous and/or disorderly neighborhoods, high family relationship quality can buffer youth from poor asthma outcomes. Although families may not be able to change their neighborhoods, they may nonetheless be able to facilitate better asthma outcomes in their children through strong family relationships.
Crossing boundaries
Authors: Milani Tommaso , Levon Erez , Glocer Ruth
Published: July 2019

The main argument of this article is that Israel seeks to govern its expat citizens not so much through the mobilisation of their ‘rational capacities to evaluate truth claims but through affects’ (Isin, 2004:225). Such viscerality of Israeli nationalism can be seen in the ways in which speci?c emotions – mourning, shame, guilt and fear of loss – are activated through particular semiotic choices. These affective resources, in turn, are marshalled together in order to create a sense of nostalgia, a desire to return ‘home’, which is deeply imbricated with processes of territorialisation of Israel as the Jewish homeland par excellence, and consequently engenders a problematic regime of identities – Israeli Jewish versus Diasporic Jewish. By exploring an example of how national (be)longing is activated through the circulation of emotions across texts and spaces, the article not only seeks to contribute to current discussions about affect in linguistic landscape scholarship, but also offers a fresh perspective on critical sociolinguistic work on nationalism.
'Household perspectives on minority language maintenance and loss: Language in the small spaces' by Isabel Velázquez (2019)
Authors: Ansó Ros Judith
Published: July 2019

Household perspectives on minority language maintenance and loss: Language in the small spaces

Isabel Velázquez (2019)
Series: Bilingual Education & Bilingualism
Bristol and Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters. Pp. 214
ISBN: 9781788922272
Mối quan hệ giữa đặc trưng cấu trúc vỏ Trái Đất và hoạt động động đất Tây Bắc Việt Nam
Authors: Triều Cao Đình , Tuyên Nguyễn Hữu , Tuấn Thái Anh
Published: July 2019

The corelation between Earth Crust structures and seismic activities of Northwestern Vietnam
Đặc điểm trầm tích cắc mặt cắt Đệ Tam vùng Tây Bắc Việt Nam
Authors: Huyên Nguyễn Xuân , Pha Phan Đông , Hưng Nguyễn Quang
Published: July 2019

Characteristics of Tertiary sedimentary crosssections in Northwestern Vietnam
Sự hình thành nước mỏ trong mối quan hệ với các yếu tố tự nhiên và điều kiện khai thác
Authors: Tặng Nguyễn Xuân
Published: July 2019

The formation ...
Nghiên cứu chế tạo KIT xác định hàm lượng H2S
Authors: Thường Nguyễn Thị Kim , Nhung Nguyễn Thị
Published: July 2019

Research for H2S test KIT manufacture...
Characteristics on distribution of chemical composition in groundwater along the Mekong and Bassac (Hậu) river, Vietnam
Authors: Hikaru Sato Hikaru Sat , Shibasaki Naoaki , Ly Huynh Mai , Lap Nguyen Van , Oanh Ta Thi Kim
Published: July 2019

Along the Mekong River (MR), arsenic contamination in the groundwater has been recognized since the 2000s. Due to arsenic contamination in shallow aquifers, the drinking water has been prevented from being contaminated with arsenic by installing wells, 200 m to 400 m deep. However, it has been known that groundwater was contaminated by not only arsenic but also other trace elements. The need to reveal characteristics on the distribution of chemical composition by horizontally and vertically is increasing for purposes of appropriate development and management of groundwater. This study summarized the results of surveys for arsenic since 2008 and surveys for dissolved ions and trace elements since 2015, and described characteristics on distribution for chemical composition at the regional areas along the MR and Bassac (Hậu) River (BR). Groundwater samples were collected from existing wells in 8 provinces and 1 city. The authors used Piper and Stiff diagram that reflect the chemical composition of groundwater to respond to varying horizontal and vertical distributions. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also carried out to reveal the correspondences of dissolved ions and trace elements. Variety concentrations and distributions of ions and trace elements show the obvious distinction between upper (<200 m deep) and lower (>200 m deep) aquifers broadly divided by geologic age. A wide variety of ion compositions and trace elements was found in the upper aquifer, and concentration of some trace elements in groundwater was high and exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water guideline value. On the other hand, groundwater in the lower aquifer is simple and rarely contaminated by trace elements. However, the arsenic concentration ranging from 0.01–0.065 mg/L slightly exceeding the WHO guideline value was found at the lower aquifer in the downstream areas of the Mekong River Delta. These results on the distribution analysis provide the insight that deep groundwater is not necessarily safe by over-pumping from deep aquifer and drilling new wells in the downstream areas.
Effect of Reduction Ratio below Austenite Recrystallization Stop Temperature on Mechanical Properties of an API X70M PSL2 Line Pipe Steel
Authors: ARIKAN Mustafa Merih , TÜTÜK Ramazan , KAYALI Eyüp Sabri
Published: July 2019

Steel
grades having high toughness and high strength are required for line pipes
since gas and oil should be transported through them at high pressures. Thermo-mechanically
controlled rolling processes are used for increasing both toughness and strength
at low temperatures since the line pipes are exposed to harsh climatic
conditions at full length and rather severe service conditions. Various test
methods such as Charpy, DWTT, CTOA have been used for measurement of toughness
values of these steels and the results have been evaluated considering various
criteria. In this study, thermo-mechanical rolling trials were performed at the
temperature below the recrystallization temperature of austenite on an API X70M
PSL2 grade steel, which is large scale used in the oil and natural gas line
pipes, to increase the strength without sacrificing the toughness. Different
reduction ratios were utilized and the effect of reduction ratios on mechanical
properties and microstructures were investigated during the trials. It was
observed that final grain size decreased and strength and toughness increased
with increasing reduction ratio.
Imposed Source Current Predictive Control for Battery Charger Applications with Active Damping
Authors: GÖKDAĞ Mustafa , Gülbudak Ozan
Published: July 2019

This paper presents an
imposed source current predictive control approach for a current source
rectifier that can be used as battery charger fed from three-phase ac grid. The
proposed MPC technique allows to charge the battery with a constant current or voltage
as what is required for cyclic charge process of batteries. The proposed
technique ensures unity input power factor operation for grid side. The
single-objective cost function of the predictive control employs the error
between supply current reference and supply current prediction and the
switching state that minimizes this cost function is selected among the nine
switching vector combinations of the current source rectifier so as to apply
for next sampling interval. An active damping current term, that is predicted
from the input filter capacitor voltage estimation is included in the cost
function to mitigate the resonance of input LC filter. The supply current
references in phase with grid voltages are generated from grid voltages and the
amplitude of this reference currents are generated from the charging
requirements of the battery. The input filter model is used to predict the
filter capacitor voltages at sampling intervals k and k+1 in order to eliminate
sensor requirement for them. A simulation study is carried out to observe the
proposed method in terms of steady-state and dynamic responses and supply
current quality.
Crossing Goal Lines and Borders
Authors: Walker Devin Leslie , Harrison Louis , Bennett Robert
Published: July 2019

Many Black male student-athletes suffer from identity foreclosure at rates higher than their white peers as they fail to develop salient aspects of their identity outside of the athlete role (Murphy, Petitpas, & Brewer, 1996; Beamon, 2012).  Education abroad offers the opportunity to take advantage of a holistic collegiate experience, which impedes the detrimental effects of the athletic identity foreclosure process. International educational opportunities can positively influence Black male student-athletes’ personal, academic, and professional development as they come to see the world beyond the gym and campus. This article examines the significance and value of creating education abroad opportunities for Black male student-athletes as a means of providing meaningful educational opportunities in the realm of higher education.