bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPLEMENTING THE LOCAL AND GLOBAL: PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY ACTION THROUGH LINKED LOCAL‐LEVEL AND FORMAL SUSTAINABILITY FUNDING MECHANISMS
Authors: Merritt Amy , Stubbs Tristan
Published: June 2012

This article explores some of the challenges associated with financing sustainability action at the local level, using South Africa and the UK as case studies. Formal climate finance, including flows through multilateral development banks and private sector investor markets, has been criticised for failing effectively to link global financial interests to community needs and priorities. We discuss how a number of new financial innovations, including TimeBanking, community currencies, community share schemes, and peer‐to‐peer lending could help to bridge this gap. In particular, we explore how such financial innovations could be employed to support a more community‐driven allocation of sustainability financing that prioritises local social and environmental benefits. We suggest that grassroots financing mechanisms have the potential to account for the social dimension in mobilising resources in a green economy as well as supporting civil society and local governments to develop greater decision‐making around the mobilisation and allocation of sustainability resourcing. Further, by bringing together the local and the global, sustainability financing instruments could also help to create synergies and constructive partnerships among public administrations, markets, and society for finding creative and locally appropriate solutions to promote sustainable development. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High levels of fetal DNA are associated with increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery
Authors: Jakobsen Tanja R. , Clausen Frederik B. , Rode Line , Dziegiel Morten H. , Tabor Ann
Published: June 2012

Objective

To assess whether spontaneous preterm delivery can be predicted from the amount of cell free fetal DNA (cffDNA) as determined by routine fetal RHD genotyping at 25 weeks’ gestation.

Study design

Cohort study including RhD negative women participating in a routine RHD screening programme. A standard dilution curve was used to quantify the amounts of cffDNA. Values above the 95th centile for the study population defined high levels of cffDNA.

Results

We found a highly significant association between preterm delivery and cffDNA levels above the 95th centile (p = 0.002). Using logistic regression, women with high levels of cffDNA had an odds ratio of 6.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.9–20.9) for preterm delivery before 37 weeks and an odds ratio for delivery before 34 weeks of 16.6 (95% confidence interval: 3.2–84.7) when adjusting for gestational age at sampling, body mass index and previous miscarriages/terminations of pregnancy.

Conclusion

High levels of cffDNA at 25 weeks are associated with increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parents' role in the academic motivation of students with gifts and talents
Authors: Garn Alex C. , Matthews Michael S. , Jolly Jennifer L.
Published: June 2012

Parents play a key role in developing their children's academic motivation, and parents of children with gifts and talents also may face additional parenting challenges that are less commonly faced by parents of average‐ability learners whose needs are more readily met in the school setting. School psychologists may be charged with addressing these issues, despite having little or no training on the needs of families of high‐ability learners. We use the lens provided by the self‐determination theory of motivation to consider how social–environmental climates created by parents can promote or impede the academic motivation of students with gifts and talents. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gendered practices in the education of gifted girls and boys
Authors: Kerr Barbara A. , Vuyk M. Alexandra , Rea Chistopher
Published: June 2012

Gifted girls and gifted boys are more alike than they are different, although researchers remain fascinated with sex differences. Small differences between gifted boys and girls in achievements, interests, careers, and relationships can become exaggerated through gendered educational practices. Kindergarten “red‐shirting'' of boys and the denial of early admission to girls can cause gifted children to be out of step throughout their academic careers. When gifted children are not actively encouraged to participate in talent searches and after‐school and summer programs, whether because of overprotection of girls or the insistence on athletic activities at the expense of academic activities for boys, they lose the opportunity for challenge, friendships, and community. When boys are not supported in their interests in creative careers and girls are not supported in their interests in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics careers, they may enter occupations that will not offer them the sense of purpose and meaning they might have otherwise had. It is in the area of gender relations, however, that long‐term consequences of gendered practices are most apparent for gifted individuals because both gifted boys and girls need to plan for balancing family and career. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Motivation and gifted students: Implications of theory and research
Authors: Clinkenbeard Pamela R.
Published: June 2012

An analysis of contemporary motivation theories reveals implications for gifted and talented students. The expectancy‐value framework, intrinsic‐extrinsic motivation theories, goal orientations, self‐efficacy and other self‐perceptions, and attribution theory are described and discussed with respect to implications for the psychology and education of gifted and talented students. Illustrative empirical research on motivation and gifted students is presented, and a model of classroom motivation factors is provided as a practical structure within which to consider instructional practices with this population. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolic enzyme diversity in different human thyroid cell lines and their sensitivity to gravitational forces
Authors: Pietsch Jessica , Sickmann Albert , Weber Gerhard , Bauer Johann , Egli Marcel , Wildgruber Robert , Infanger Manfred , Grimm Daniela
Published: June 2012

Many cancer cells show unique protein expression patterns. We used proteome technology including MS, free flow isoelectric focusing and Western blotting to determine current concentrations of metabolic enzymes in healthy and malignant human thyroid cells. Three different types of human thyroid cells were investigated after they had been cultured under equal conditions. MS revealed high quantities of glycolytic enzymes and moderate quantities of citric acid cycle enzymes in malignant FTC‐133 cells with abnormal LDH B‐chains, high quantities of glycolytic enzymes and marginal quantities of citric acid cycle enzymes in normal HTU‐5 cells, and low quantities of glycolytic enzymes and marginal quantities of citrate cycle enzymes in malignant CGTH‐W1 cells with abnormal LDH A‐chains. When an alteration of gene expression activity was challenged physically by removing gravity forces, the concentrations of various glycolytic enzymes were changed in normal and malignant thyroid cells. However, the changes varied among the different cell types. Different cellular alignment of the enzymes could be one reason for the cell type‐specific behavior as demonstrated by histological analysis of alpha‐enolase.
Dynamical stabilization and time in open quantum systems
Authors: Rotter I.
Published: June 2012

The meaning of time in an open quantum system is considered under the assumption that both, system and environment, are quantum mechanical objects. The Hamilton operator of the system is non‐Hermitian. Its imaginary part is the time operator. As a rule, time and energy vary continuously when controlled by a parameter. At high level density, where many states avoid crossing, a dynamical phase transition takes place in the system under the influence of the environment. It causes a dynamical stabilization of the system what can be seen in many different experimental data. Due to this effect, time is bounded from below: the decay widths (inverse proportional to the lifetimes of the states) do not increase limitless. The dynamical stabilization is an irreversible process.
Exceptional points for logic operations at the molecular level
Authors: Jaouadi A. , Desouter‐Lecomte M. , Lefebvre R. , Atabek O.
Published: June 2012

When a molecule is exposed to a laser field which leads to dissociation, all field‐free vibrational bound states become resonances, with complex eigenenergies described by non Hermitian quantum mechanics. It is possible to produce the coalescence of pairs of such eigenenergies, with appropriate choices of laser frequency and intensity, these particular values defining an exceptional point. We review some of the aspects of this very special situation. There are two principal characteristics of the adiabatic dynamics of a pair of vibrational states when the laser pulse encloses their exceptional point: the complete population inversion and the different type of transient resonance states. According to clock or anticlockwise loops in the frequency‐intensity plane, the resonances can either be of Shape or Feshbach‐type. This leads to a variety of different responses according to the initial state of the molecule that can be used to build a finite state logic machine based on the exceptional points of molecular photodissociation. The molecule chosen for this study is Na2.
Entanglement of identical particles and the detection process
Authors: Tichy M.C. , de Melo F. , Kuś M. , Mintert F. , Buchleitner A.
Published: June 2012

We introduce detector‐level entanglement, a unified entanglement concept for identical particles that takes into account the possible deletion of many‐particle which‐way information through the detection process. The concept implies a measure for the effective indistinguishability of the particles, which is controlled by the measurement setup and which quantifies the extent to which the (anti‐)symmetrization of the wave‐function impacts on physical observables. Initially indistinguishable particles can gain or loose entanglement on their transition to distinguishability, and their quantum statistical behavior depends on their initial entanglement. Our results show that entanglement cannot be attributed to a state of identical particles alone, but that the detection process has to be incorporated in the analysis.
A Bose‐Einstein condensate in a 𝒫𝒯 symmetric double well
Authors: Dast D. , Haag D. , Cartarius H. , Wunner G. , Eichler R. , Main J.
Published: June 2012

The existence of 𝒫𝒯 symmetric wave functions describing Bose‐Einstein condensates in a one‐dimensional and a fully three‐dimensional double‐well setup is investigated theoretically. When particles are removed from one well and coherently injected into the other the external potential is 𝒫𝒯 symmetric. We solve the underlying Gross‐Pitaevskii equation by way of the time‐dependent variational principle (TDVP) and show that the 𝒫𝒯 symmetry of the external potential is preserved by both the wave functions and the nonlinear Hamiltonian as long as eigenstates with real eigenvalues are obtained. 𝒫𝒯 broken solutions of the time‐independent Gross‐Pitaevskii equation are also found but have no physical relevance. To prove the applicability of the TDVP we compare its results with numerically exact solutions in the one‐dimensional case. The linear stability analysis and the temporal evolution of condensate wave functions demonstrate that the 𝒫𝒯 symmetric condensates are stable and should be observable in an experiment.
Effect of defects on the luminescence in semipolar InGaN/GaN quantum wells on planar and patterned m‐plane sapphire substrate
Authors: Lee Seunga , Jang Jongjin , Lee Kwan‐Hyun , Hwang Jung‐Hwan , Jeong Joocheol , Nam Okhyun
Published: June 2012

The correlation between luminescence and defects was investigated by the structural and optical analyses of semipolar InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) grown on a planar m‐plane sapphire substrate and patterned m‐plane sapphire substrate using metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the semipolar InGaN/GaN QWs grown on the planar substrate had high density of small arrowhead‐like features on the surface, while those grown on the patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) had low density of large arrowhead‐like features. Moreover, for the PSS sample, low defect regions were formed by periodically aligned patterns that reduced defect density, as verified by transmission electron microscopy. The monochromatic cathodoluminescence images revealed that the luminescence of the planar sample was affected by the arrowhead‐like features and high internal defect density, whereas that of the PSS sample was more influenced by the regions with reduced defects, as indicated by bright spotty features. Furthermore, the microphotoluminescence mapping images showed increased In incorporation where the arrowhead‐like features were present. In particular, for the PSS sample, the wavelength of the luminescence from the reduced defect region was approximately 5 nm shorter than that from the region with a high density of internal defects. This result suggests that In incorporation was also increased in the high defect region.
Inhibition of Proinflammatory Biomarkers in THP1 Macrophages by Polyphenols Derived From Chamomile, Meadowsweet and Willow bark
Authors: Drummond Elaine M , Harbourne Niamh , Marete Eunice , Martyn Danika , Jacquier JC , O'Riordan Dolores , Gibney Eileen R
Published: June 2012

Antiinflammatory compounds in the diet can alleviate excessive inflammation, a factor in the pathogenesis of common diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and diabetes. This study examined three European herbs, chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria L.) and willow bark (Salix alba L.), which have been traditionally used to treat inflammation and their potential for use as antiinflammatory agents. Aqueous herbal extracts and isolated polyphenolic compounds (apigenin, quercetin and salicylic acid, 0–100 μM) were incubated with THP1 macrophages, and interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) were measured. At concentrations of 10 μM, both apigenin and quercetin reduced IL‐6 significantly ( p < 0.05). Apigenin at 10 μM and quercetin at 25 μM reduced TNF‐α significantly ( p < 0.05). Amongst the herbal extracts, willow bark had the greatest antiinflammatory activity at reducing IL‐6 and TNF‐α production. This was followed by meadowsweet and then chamomile. The lowest effective antiinflammatory concentrations were noncytotoxic (MTT mitochondrial activity assay). The Comet assay, which was used to study the protective effect of the isolated phenols against oxidative damage, showed positive results for all three polyphenols. These are the first findings that demonstrate the antiinflammatory capacity of these herbal extracts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IndOR: a new statistical procedure to test for SNP–SNP epistasis in genome‐wide association studies
Authors: Emily M.
Published: June 2012

Epistasis is often cited as the biological mechanism carrying the missing heritability in genome‐wide association studies. However, there is a very few number of studies reported in the literature. The low power of existing statistical methods is a potential explanation. Statistical procedures are also mainly based on the statistical definition of epistasis that prevents from detecting SNP–SNP interactions that rely on some classes of epistatic models. In this paper, we propose a new statistic, called IndOR for independence‐based odds ratio, based on the biological definition of epistasis. We assume that epistasis modifies the dependency between the two causal SNPs, and we develop a Wald procedure to test such hypothesis. Our new statistic is compared with three statistical procedures in a large power study on simulated data sets. We use extensive simulations, based on 45 scenarios, to investigate the effect of three factors: the underlying disease model, the linkage disequilibrium, and the control‐to‐case ratio. We demonstrate that our new test has the ability to detect a wider range of epistatic models. Furthermore, our new statistical procedure is remarkably powerful when the two loci are linked and when the control‐to‐case ratio is higher than 1. The application of our new statistic on the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium data set on Crohn's disease enhances our results on simulated data. Our new test, IndOR, catches previously reported interaction with more power. Furthermore, a new combination of variant has been detected by our new test as significantly associated with Crohn's disease. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian clinical trials in action
Authors: Jack Lee J. , Chu Caleb T.
Published: June 2012

Although the frequentist paradigm has been the predominant approach to clinical trial design since the 1940s, it has several notable limitations. Advancements in computational algorithms and computer hardware have greatly enhanced the alternative Bayesian paradigm. Compared with its frequentist counterpart, the Bayesian framework has several unique advantages, and its incorporation into clinical trial design is occurring more frequently. Using an extensive literature review to assess how Bayesian methods are used in clinical trials, we find them most commonly used for dose finding, efficacy monitoring, toxicity monitoring, diagnosis/decision making, and studying pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics. The additional infrastructure required for implementing Bayesian methods in clinical trials may include specialized software programs to run the study design, simulation and analysis, and web‐based applications, all of which are particularly useful for timely data entry and analysis. Trial success requires not only the development of proper tools but also timely and accurate execution of data entry, quality control, adaptive randomization, and Bayesian computation. The relative merit of the Bayesian and frequentist approaches continues to be the subject of debate in statistics. However, more evidence can be found showing the convergence of the two camps, at least at the practical level. Ultimately, better clinical trial methods lead to more efficient designs, lower sample sizes, more accurate conclusions, and better outcomes for patients enrolled in the trials. Bayesian methods offer attractive alternatives for better trials. More Bayesian trials should be designed and conducted to refine the approach and demonstrate their real benefit in action. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artificial Metalloenzymes as Catalysts in Stereoselective Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Reetz Manfred T.
Published: June 2012

Numerous enzymes are useful catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry, but they cannot catalyze the myriad transition‐metal‐mediated transformations customary in daily chemical work. For this reason the concept of directed evolution of hybrid catalysts was proposed some time ago. A synthetic ligand/transition‐metal moiety is anchored covalently or non‐covalently to a host protein, thereby generating a single artificial metalloenzyme which can then be optimized by molecular biological methods. In the quest to construct an appropriate experimental platform for asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions amenable to this Darwinian approach to catalysis, specifically those not currently possible using traditional chiral transition‐metal catalysts, two strategies have been developed which are reviewed here. One concerns the supramolecular anchoring of a Cu(II)‐phthalocyanine complex to serum albumins; the other is based on the design of a Cu(II)‐specific binding site in a thermostable protein host (tHisF), leading to 46–98%eein a model Diels–Alder reaction. This sets the stage for genetic fine‐tuning using the methods of directed evolution.DOI 10.1002/tcr.201100043
Radiomarking brood‐rearing mallard females: Implications for juvenile survival
Authors: Bloom Pauline M. , Howerter David W. , Devries James H. , Armstrong Llwellyn M. , Clark Robert G.
Published: June 2012

Radiotelemetry is frequently used to measure habitat use, movements, and survival in birds; presumably, outfitting adult females with radiotransmitters does not influence juvenile survival, but this critical assumption is rarely tested. We evaluated whether the timing or type of transmitter deployed on adult female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) reduced duckling survival estimates in the Canadian Prairie Pothole Region, 1993–1995. The best‐approximating model suggests that, compared with 2 other trap–transmitter combinations, ducklings raised by mallard females trapped prior to nest initiation and outfitted with anchor–suture transmitters had poor survival. The 30‐day survival rate of ducklings raised by female mallards equipped with anchor–suture transmitters prior to nest initiation was lower than survival of ducklings attended by females equipped prior to nest initiation with abdominally implanted transmitters or females marked during late incubation with anchor–suture transmitters. Studies of reproductive success deploying anchor–suture transmitters on female waterfowl trapped prior to nest initiation may have biased results because of possible negative consequences to offspring survival. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Using a Training‐of‐Trainers Approach and Proactive Technical Assistance to Bring Evidence Based Programs to Scale: An Operationalization of the Interactive Systems Framework's Support System
Authors: Ray Marilyn L. , Wilson Mary Martha , Wandersman Abraham , Meyers Duncan C. , Katz Jason
Published: June 2012

Bringing evidence based programs to scale was a major initial impetus for the development of the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation (ISF). The ISF demonstrates the importance of the Support System in facilitating the uptake of innovations in the community (the Delivery System). Two strategies that members of the Support System commonly use are training‐of‐trainers (TOT) models and technical assistance (TA). In this article, we focus on the role of the Support System in bringing evidence‐based programs (EBPs) to scale in the Delivery System using a case example, with special attention on two strategies employed by Support Systems—training‐of‐trainers (TOT) and proactive technical assistance. We then report on findings from a case example from the Promoting Science Based Approaches to Teen Pregnancy Prevention project that furthers our conceptualization of these strategies and the evidence base for them. We also report on the limitations in the literature regarding research on TOTs and proactive TA and provide suggestions for future research on TOTs and proactive TA that will enhance the science and practice of support in the ISF.

Special Issue: Advances in Bridging Research and Practice Using the Interactive System Framework for Dissemination and Implementation; Guest Editors: Abraham Wandersman, Paul Flaspohler, Catherine A. Lesesne, Richard Puddy; Action Editor: Emilie Phillips Smith
Erratum to: Toward an Evidence‐Based System for Innovation Support for Implementing Innovations with Quality: Tools, Training, Technical Assistance, and Quality Assurance/Quality Improvement
Authors: Wandersman Abraham , Chien Victoria H. , Katz Jason
Published: June 2012

Special Issue: Advances in Bridging Research and Practice Using the Interactive System Framework for Dissemination and Implementation; Guest Editors: Abraham Wandersman, Paul Flaspohler, Catherine A. Lesesne, Richard Puddy; Action Editor: Emilie Phillips Smith
Differenzielles Lehren und Lernen: eine Kritik
Authors: Künzell Stefan , Hossner Ernst-Joachim
Published: June 2012

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich kritisch mit dem von Wolfgang Schöllhorn seit 1999 propagierten Ansatz des differenziellen Lehrens und Lernens. Nach einer Einordnung in die historische bewegungswissenschaftliche Debatte um den Informationsverarbeitungsansatz und die dynamische Systemtheorie zeigen wir, dass die von Schöllhorn behaupteten Praxiskonsequenzen theoretisch nicht fundiert sind, dass die Abgrenzung zu konkurrierenden Lerntheorien lücken- und fehlerhaft ausfällt, dass die präsentierte empirische Befundlage auf höchst wackeligen Füßen steht und dass der Ansatz sich auch aus Praxissicht als nicht tragfähig erweist. Mit Blick auf fatale Konsequenzen sowohl für die Sportpraxis als auch für die Sportwissenschaft empfehlen wir, in zukünftigen Publikationen zum differenziellen Lernen auf fehlerhafte und theoretisch wie empirisch unbegründete Praxisempfehlungen zu verzichten.
OSL chronology and possible forcing mechanisms of dune evolution in the Horqin dunefield in northern China since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Yang LinHai , Wang Tao , Zhou Jie , Lai ZhongPing , Long Hao
Published: June 2012

The evolution processes and forcing mechanisms of the Horqin dunefield in northern China are poorly understood. In this study, systematic OSL dating of multiple sites is used together with pollen analysis of a representative section in order to reconstruct the evolution of the dunefield since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Our results show that there was extensive dune mobilization 25–10 ka, transition to stabilization 10–8 ka, considerable dune stabilization 8–3 ka, and multiple episodes of stabilization and mobilization after 3 ka. Comparison of dune evolution of the dunefields in northern China during the Holocene showed that Asian monsoon and resultant effective moisture have played an important role in the evolution of dunefields at the millennial time scale. Further analysis indicated that the dune evolution in the Horqin dunefield before 3 ka was synchronous with climatic changes. However, increasing human activity has impacted dune evolution during the last 3 ka.
Holocene hydro-climatic change and effects on carbon accumulation inferred from a peat bog in the Attawapiskat River watershed, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada
Authors: Bunbury Joan , Finkelstein Sarah A. , Bollmann Jörg
Published: June 2012

Multiple proxies from a 319-cm peat core collected from the Hudson Bay Lowlands, northern Ontario, Canada were analyzed to determine how carbon accumulation has varied as a function of paleohydrology and paleoclimate. Testate amoeba assemblages, analysis of peat composition and humification, and a pollen record from a nearby lake suggest that isostatic rebound and climate may have influenced peatland growth and carbon dynamics over the past 6700 cal yr BP. Long-term apparent rates of carbon accumulation ranged between 8.1 and 36.7 g C m− 2 yr− 1 (average = 18.9 g C m− 2 yr− 1). The highest carbon accumulation estimates were recorded prior to 5400 cal yr BP when a fen existed at this site, however following the fen-to-bog transition carbon accumulation stabilized. Carbon accumulation remained relatively constant through the Neoglacial period after 2400 cal yr BP when pollen-based paleoclimate reconstructions from a nearby lake (McAndrews et al., 1982) and reconstructions of the depth to the water table derived from testate amoeba data suggest a wetter climate. More carbon accumulated per unit time between 1000 and 600 cal yr BP, coinciding in part with the Medieval Climate Anomaly.
Advanced Astrophysics
Authors: Duric Neb
Published: June 2012

This 2003 book develops the basic underlying physics required for a fuller, richer understanding of the science of astrophysics and the important astronomical phenomena it describes. The cosmos manifests phenomena in which physics can appear in its most extreme, and therefore more insightful, forms. A proper understanding of phenomena like black holes, quasars and extrasolar planets requires that we understand the physics that underlies all of astrophysics. Consequently, developing astrophysical concepts from fundamental physics has the potential to achieve two goals: to derive a better understanding of astrophysical phenomena from first principles and to illuminate the physics from which the astrophysics is developed. To that end, astrophysical topics are grouped according to the relevant areas of physics. The book is ideal as a text for graduate and advanced undergraduate students as well as a reference for established researchers.
Advanced Transport Phenomena
Authors: Leal L. Gary
Published: June 2012

Advanced Transport Phenomena is ideal as a graduate textbook. It contains a detailed discussion of modern analytic methods for the solution of fluid mechanics and heat and mass transfer problems, focusing on approximations based on scaling and asymptotic methods, beginning with the derivation of basic equations and boundary conditions and concluding with linear stability theory. Also covered are unidirectional flows, lubrication and thin-film theory, creeping flows, boundary layer theory, and convective heat and mass transport at high and low Reynolds numbers. The emphasis is on basic physics, scaling and nondimensionalization, and approximations that can be used to obtain solutions that are due either to geometric simplifications, or large or small values of dimensionless parameters. The author emphasizes setting up problems and extracting as much information as possible short of obtaining detailed solutions of differential equations. The book also focuses on the solutions of representative problems. This reflects the book's goal of teaching readers to think about the solution of transport problems.
Africans
Authors: Iliffe John
Published: June 2012

In a vast and all-embracing study of Africa, from the origins of mankind to the AIDS epidemic, John Iliffe refocuses its history on the peopling of an environmentally hostile continent. Africans have been pioneers struggling against disease and nature, and their social, economic and political institutions have been designed to ensure their survival. In the context of medical progress and other twentieth-century innovations, however, the same institutions have bred the most rapid population growth the world has ever seen. Africans: The History of a Continent is thus a single story binding living Africans to their earliest human ancestors.
An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe
Authors: Berend Ivan T.
Published: June 2012

A major new history of economic regimes and economic performance throughout the twentieth century. Ivan T. Berend looks at the historic development of the twentieth-century European economy, examining both its failures and its successes in responding to the challenges of this crisis-ridden and troubled but highly successful age. The book surveys the European economy's chronological development, the main factors of economic growth, and the various economic regimes that were invented and introduced in Europe during the twentieth century. Professor Berend shows how the vast disparity between the European regions that had characterized earlier periods gradually began to disappear during the course of the twentieth century as more and more countries reached a more or less similar level of economic development. This accessible book will be required reading for students in European economic history, economics, and modern European history.
An Introduction to Genetic Engineering
Authors: Nicholl Desmond S. T.
Published: June 2012

In this third edition of his popular undergraduate-level textbook, Des Nicholl recognises that a sound grasp of basic principles is vital in any introduction to genetic engineering. Therefore, the book retains its focus on the fundamental principles used in gene manipulation. It is divided into three sections: Part I provides an introduction to the relevant basic molecular biology; Part II, the methods used to manipulate genes; and Part III, applications of the technology. There is a new chapter devoted to the emerging importance of bioinformatics as a distinct discipline. Other additional features include text boxes, which highlight important aspects of topics discussed, and chapter summaries, which include aims and learning outcomes. These, along with key word listings, concept maps and a glossary, will enable students to tailor their study to suit their own learning styles and ultimately gain a firm grasp of a subject that students traditionally find difficult.
An Introduction to Law
Authors: Harris Phil
Published: June 2012

Since the publication of its first edition, this textbook has become the definitive student introduction to the subject. As with earlier editions, the seventh edition gives a clear understanding of fundamental legal concepts and their importance within society. In addition, this book addresses the ways in which rules and the structures of law respond to and impact upon changes in economic and political life. The title has been extensively updated and explores recent high profile developments such as the Civil Partnership Act 2005 and the Racial and Religious Hatred Bill. This introductory text covers a wide range of topics in a clear, sensible fashion giving full context to each. For this reason An Introduction to Law is ideal for all students of law, be they undergraduate law students, those studying law as part of a mixed degree, or students on social sciences courses which offer law options.
Analyzing Linguistic Data
Authors: Baayen R. H.
Published: June 2012

Statistical analysis is a useful skill for linguists and psycholinguists, allowing them to understand the quantitative structure of their data. This textbook provides a straightforward introduction to the statistical analysis of language. Designed for linguists with a non-mathematical background, it clearly introduces the basic principles and methods of statistical analysis, using 'R', the leading computational statistics programme. The reader is guided step-by-step through a range of real data sets, allowing them to analyse acoustic data, construct grammatical trees for a variety of languages, quantify register variation in corpus linguistics, and measure experimental data using state-of-the-art models. The visualization of data plays a key role, both in the initial stages of data exploration and later on when the reader is encouraged to criticize various models. Containing over 40 exercises with model answers, this book will be welcomed by all linguists wishing to learn more about working with and presenting quantitative data.
Applied Metal Forming
Authors: Valberg Henry S.
Published: June 2012

Applied Metal Forming: Including FEM Analysis describes metal forming theory and how experimental techniques can be used to study any metal forming operation with great accuracy. For each primary class of processes, such as forging, rolling, extrusion, wiredrawing, and sheet-metal forming, it explains how FEA (Finite Element Analysis) can be applied with great precision to characterize the forming condition and in this way optimize the processes. FEA has made it possible to build very realistic FEM-models of any metal forming process, including complex three-dimensional forming operations, in which complex products are shaped by complex dies. Thus, using FEA it is now possible to visualize any metal forming process and to study strain, stresses, and other forming conditions inside the parts being manufactured as they develop throughout the process.
Atmospheric Pollution
Authors: Jacobson Mark Z.
Published: June 2012

Atmospheric Pollution: History, Science, and Regulation provides a comprehensive introduction to the history and science of major air pollution issues. The book begins with an introduction to the basic atmospheric chemistry and the history of discovery of chemicals in the atmosphere, and then moves on to a discussion of the evolution of the earth's atmosphere, and the structure and composition of the present-day atmosphere. It then provides a comprehensive and accessible discussion of the five major atmospheric pollution topics: urban outdoor air pollution, indoor air pollution, acid deposition, stratospheric ozone reduction, and global climate change. The book contains numerous student examples and problems, over 200 color illustrations, and will form an ideal introductory textbook for a wide range of undergraduate and graduate courses on atmospheric pollution. It will also form a valuable reference text for researchers, and an introduction to the subject for general audiences.
Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Saltzman W. Mark
Published: June 2012

This is an ideal text for an introduction to biomedical engineering. The book presents the basic science knowledge used by biomedical engineers at a level accessible to all students and illustrates the first steps in applying this knowledge to solve problems in human medicine. Biomedical engineering encompasses a range of fields of specialization including bioinstrumentation, bioimaging, biomechanics, biomaterials, and biomolecular engineering. This introduction to bioengineering assembles foundational resources from molecular and cellular biology and physiology and relates them to various sub-specialties of biomedical engineering. The first two parts of the book present basic information in molecular/cellular biology and human physiology; quantitative concepts are stressed in these sections. Comprehension of these basic life science principles provides the context in which biomedical engineers interact. The third part of the book introduces sub-specialties in biomedical engineering, and emphasizes - through examples and profiles of people in the field - the types of problems biomedical engineers solve.
Cicero: On the Commonwealth and On the Laws
Authors: Cicero Marcus Tullius
Published: June 2012

Cicero's On the Commonwealth and On the Laws were his first and most substantial attempt to adapt Greek theories of political life to the circumstances of the Roman Republic. They represent Cicero's vision of an ideal society, and remain his most important works of political philosophy. On the Commonwealth survives only in part, and On the Laws was never completed. The present volume offers a scholarly reconstruction of the fragments of On the Commonwealth and a masterly translation of both dialogues, prepared by James E. G. Zetzel, Professor of Classics at Columbia University. The texts are supported by a concise introduction, notes, synopsis, biographical notes and bibliography, all designed to assist students in politics, philosophy, ancient history, law and classics.
A First Course in Statistical Programming with R
Authors: Braun W. John , Murdoch Duncan J.
Published: June 2012

This is the only introduction you'll need to start programming in R, the open-source language that is free to download, and lets you adapt the source code for your own requirements. Co-written by one of the R Core Development Team, and by an established R author, this book comes with real R code that complies with the standards of the language. Unlike other introductory books on the ground-breaking R system, this book emphasizes programming, including the principles that apply to most computing languages, and techniques used to develop more complex projects. Learning the language is made easier by the frequent exercises and end-of-chapter reviews that help you progress confidently through the book. Solutions, datasets and any errata will be available from the book's web site. The many examples, all from real applications, make it particularly useful for anyone working in practical data analysis.
Civilising Globalisation
Authors: Kinley David
Published: June 2012

Economic globalisation and universal human rights both have the aspiration and power to improve and enrich individuals and communities. However, their respective institutions, methods, practices and goals differ, leading to both detrimental clashes and beneficial synergies. In this book, David Kinley analyses how human rights intersect with the trade, aid and commercial dimensions of global economic relations, taking the view that, while the global economy is a vitally important civilising instrument, it itself requires civilising according to human rights standards. Combining meticulous research with highly informed views and experiences, he outlines the intellectual, policy and practical frameworks for ensuring that the global economy advances the ends of human rights, argues for better exploitation of the global economy's capacity to distribute as well as create wealth, and proposes mechanisms by which to minimise and manage the socially debilitating effects of its market failures and financial meltdowns.
Combinatorics: The Rota Way
Authors: Kung Joseph P. S. , Rota Gian-Carlo , Yan Catherine H.
Published: June 2012

Gian-Carlo Rota was one of the most original and colourful mathematicians of the 20th century. His work on the foundations of combinatorics focused on the algebraic structures that lie behind diverse combinatorial areas, and created a new area of algebraic combinatorics. Written by two of his former students, this book is based on notes from his influential graduate courses and on face-to-face discussions. Topics include sets and valuations, partially ordered sets, distributive lattices, partitions and entropy, matching theory, free matrices, doubly stochastic matrices, Moebius functions, chains and antichains, Sperner theory, commuting equivalence relations and linear lattices, modular and geometric lattices, valuation rings, generating functions, umbral calculus, symmetric functions, Baxter algebras, unimodality of sequences, and location of zeros of polynomials. Many exercises and research problems are included, and unexplored areas of possible research are discussed. A must-have for all students and researchers in combinatorics and related areas.
Companions in Crime
Authors: Warr Mark
Published: June 2012

Criminologists often allude to 'peer influence' in explanations of crime and delinquency, but the meaning of that concept rarely receives careful attention. Companions in Crime organizes the extensive literature on peer influence and group delinquency into a coherent form for the first time. Chapters focus on the role of peers over the life course, the group nature of delinquent behavior, and the applicability of peer influence for explaining the major features of delinquent behavior. The most extensive chapter of the book examines possible mechanisms of peer influence and the evidence in favor of each. The principal thesis of Companions in Crime is that deviant behavior is predominantly social behavior, and criminologists must eventually determine the significance of that fact.
Dissenting Voices in America's Rise to Power
Authors: Mayers David
Published: June 2012

This book offers a major rereading of US foreign policy from Thomas Jefferson's purchase of Louisiana expanse to the Korean War. This period of one hundred and fifty years saw the expansion of the United States from fragile republic to transcontinental giant. David Mayers explores the dissenting voices which accompanied this dramatic ascent, focusing on dissenters within the political and military establishment and on the recurrent patterns of dissent that have transcended particular policies and crises. The most stubborn of these sprang from anxiety over the material and political costs of empire while other strands of dissent have been rooted in ideas of exigent justice, realpolitik, and moral duties existing beyond borders. Such dissent is evident again in the contemporary world when the US occupies the position of preeminent global power. Professor Mayers's study reminds us that America's path to power was not as straightforward as it might now seem.
Dynamics of Contention
Authors: McAdam Doug , Tarrow Sidney , Tilly Charles
Published: June 2012

In recent decades the study of social movements, revolution, democratization and other non-routine politics has flourished. And yet research on the topic remains highly fragmented, reflecting the influence of at least three traditional divisions. The first of these reflects the view that various forms of contention are distinct and should be studied independent of others. Separate literatures have developed around the study of social movements, revolutions and industrial conflict. A second approach to the study of political contention denies the possibility of general theory in deference to a grounding in the temporal and spatial particulars of any given episode of contention. The study of contentious politics are left to 'area specialists' and/or historians with a thorough knowledge of the time and place in question. Finally, overlaid on these two divisions are stylized theoretical traditions - structuralist, culturalist, and rationalist - that have developed largely in isolation from one another. This book was first published in 2001.
EC Competition Law
Authors: Monti Giorgio
Published: June 2012

The development of competition law in the EU can be explored through three interrelated perspectives: the extent to which controversies in economic thinking affect the design of the law; how changing political visions about the objectives of competition law have caused shifts in the interpretation of the rules; and the institution in charge of applying the rules. The economic and political debates on competition law show that it is a contested terrain, and the way courts and competition authorities apply the law reflects their responses to the objectives and economics of competition law. By characterising the application of competition law as a continuous response to policy and economic debates, the author casts fresh perspectives on the subject. Written with competition law students in mind, Monti sets out economic concepts in a non-technical manner and explores the policy dimension of competition law by referring to key cases and contemporary policy initiatives.
Ecological Economics
Authors: Common Michael , Stagl Sigrid
Published: June 2012

Taking as its starting point the interdependence of the economy and the natural environment, this book provides a comprehensive introduction to the emerging field of ecological economics. The authors, who have written extensively on the economics of sustainability, build on insights from both mainstream economics and ecological sciences. Part I explores the interdependence of the modern economy and its environment, while Part II focuses mainly on the economy and on economics. Part III looks at how national governments set policy targets and the instruments used to pursue those targets. Part IV examines international trade and institutions, and two major global threats to sustainability - climate change and biodiversity loss. Assuming no prior knowledge of economics, this textbook is well suited for use on interdisciplinary environmental science and management courses. It has extensive student-friendly features including discussion questions and exercises, keyword highlighting, real-world illustrations, further reading and website addresses.
Ecology of Woodlands and Forests
Authors: Thomas Peter , Packham John
Published: June 2012

Taking a functional rather than an ecosystem or a utilitarian approach, Thomas and Packham provide a concise account of the structure of woodlands and forests. Using examples from around the world - from polar treelines to savannahs to tropical rain forests - the authors explain the structure of the soil and the hidden world of the roots; how the main groups of organisms which live within them interact both positively and negatively. There is particular emphasis on woodland and forest processes, especially those involving the flow and cycling of nutrients, as well as the dynamics of wooded areas, considering how and why they have changed through geological time and continue to do so. This clear, non-technical, 2007 text will be of interest to undergraduates, foresters, ecologists and land managers.