bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LC-MS/MS Quantification of Tramadol and Gabapentin Utilizing Solid Phase Extraction
Authors: Nagaraju Pappula , Kodali Balaji , Datla Peda Varma , Kovvasu Surya Prakasarao
Published: October 2018

An accurate, highly sensitive, and precise method for quantitative analysis of tramadol (TMD) and gabapentin (GBP) by high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry in human plasma was proposed and validated successfully using venlafaxine and pregabalin as internal standards (ISTDs), respectively. An aliquot of 200 μL of plasma was mixed with internal standard dilution and extraction was performed by using solid phase extraction (SPE) technique. Peak resolution was achieved on Phenomenex PFP column (50×4.6 mm, 2.6 μm). The total analytical run time was 3.8 min. Both analytes were monitored using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scan and the mass spectrometer was operated in positive polarity mode. The method was validated for specificity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and other analytical parameters. The results found were satisfactory over the linear calibration range of 1-500 ng/mL and 10-6000 ng/mL for TMD and GBP, respectively. The developed method can be ready to use by scientific community for quantification of analytes in plasma samples from various clinical studies of different dose strengths.
QOE Based Heterogeneous Network Selection Using Pythagorean Fuzzy Methods
Authors: Zhu Lei , Cheng Kaixin , Wang Lei , Tong Wei
Published: October 2018

Considering the diversity of demands in heterogeneous network selection problem, we combine Choquet integral with traditional aggregation operators in Pythagorean fuzzy environment, inventing kinds of new operators based on Choquet integral, including PFCOWA (as well as RP-PFOWA) operator, PFCWA operator, PFCOWG (as well as RP-PFOWG) operator, and PFCWG operator, which are capable of solving different attributes relationship prioritized situations. Then, transferring relationship and properties of the operators are further discussed. Additionally, to overcome the weakness of traditional method of evaluation, a novel evaluating system of QOE in fuzzy environment is proposed. Based on these works, an example of heterogeneous network selection is given to illustrate the validity of this method.
Parameter Identification of the Vortex-Induced Vertical Force Model Using a New Adaptive PSO
Authors: Tian Xiaoxia , Yan Jingwen , Xiao Chi
Published: October 2018

The paper proposes a new adaptive PSO (NAPSO) that adaptively adjust the inertial weight of every particle according to its own current fitness. In NAPSO, the searching ability of each particle is controlled by the inertial weight. In pursuit of the optimal solution, if a particle has a rather small value of normalized fitness, it has a small inertia weight so as to increase local searching ability; on the contrary, it has a large inertia weight to increase global searching ability. Simulation results include three parts: the NAPSO shows fast convergence and good stability compared with other PSOs; the NAPSO shows good fit and short run-time compared with GA and GALMA; according to the identified parameters, the time history of predicted vertical displacement is quite in accordance with the time history of measured displacement. As far as the nonlinear VIVF model is concerned, the NAPSO is a simple and effective identification method.
A Rare Culprit of Spontaneous Abortion, Latent Tuberculosis Complicated by Disseminated Peritoneal TB
Authors: Sossou Christoph , Pal Chaitanya , Bustillo Jose R.
Published: October 2018

This is a case of a 38-year-old female with latent TB complicated by disseminated peritoneal TB with associated spontaneous abortion, who was initially thought to have an ovarian neoplasm, prompting extensive workup. Laparoscopy with biopsy later confirmed the patient’s condition; she was initiated on the appropriate therapy and had a full recovery.
Tendon-Derived Stem Cell Differentiation in the Degenerative Tendon Microenvironment
Authors: Liu Chang , Luo Jing-wan , Zhang Ke-ke , Lin Long-xiang , Liang Ting , Luo Zong-ping , Zhuang Yong-qing , Sun Yu-long
Published: October 2018

Tendinopathy is prevalent in athletic and many occupational populations; nevertheless, the pathogenesis of tendinopathy remains unclear. Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) were regarded as the key culprit for the development of tendinopathy. However, it is uncertain how TDSCs differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, or osteocytes in the degenerative microenvironment of tendinopathy. So in this study, the regulating effects of the degenerative tendon microenvironment on differentiation of TDSCs were investigated. TDSCs were isolated from rat Achilles tendons and were grown on normal and degenerative (prepared by stress-deprived culture) decellularized tendon slices (DTSs). Immunofluorescence staining, H&E staining, real-time PCR, and Western blot were used to delineate the morphology, proliferation, and differentiation of TDSCs in the degenerative microenvironment. It was found that TDSCs were much more spread on the degenerative DTSs than those on normal DTSs. The tenocyte-related markers, COL1 and TNMD, were highly expressed on normal DTSs than the degenerative DTSs. The expression of chondrogenic and osteogenic markers, COL2, SOX9, Runx2, and ALP, was higher on the degenerative DTSs compared with TDSCs on normal DTSs. Furthermore, phosphorylated FAK and ERK1/2 were reduced on degenerative DTSs. In conclusion, this study found that the degenerative tendon microenvironment induced TDSCs to differentiate into chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. It could be attributed to the cell morphology changes and reduced FAK and ERK1/2 activation in the degenerative microenvironment of tendinopathy.
Shaking Table Test and Numerical Verification for Free Ground Seismic Response of Saturated Soft Soil
Authors: Cheng Xuelei , Cui Chunyi , Sun Zongguang , Xia Jinhong , Wang Guangbing
Published: October 2018

This paper investigates shaking table test (1g) and numerical simulation (fully coupled) of vertically propagating shear waves for saturated soft free field. A large-scale shaking table model test was performed to study seismic response characteristics of saturated soft soil free field. According to test results of seismic response features of free field system in saturated soft soil, the free field nonlinearity fully coupled numerical model of dynamical effective stress of saturated soft soil was established using OpenSEES, based on the u-p formulations of dynamic consolidation equation as well as effective stress solution method for saturated two-phase media. The numerical simulation of the free field seismic response of saturated soft soil under various test conditions was performed and the calculated results were compared with the shaking table test results. The results show the following. (1) With the increase of input ground motion intensity, the characteristic frequency of the saturated soft free ground decreases and the damping ratio increases gradually. (2) The saturated soft soil ground has short period filtering and long period amplification effect on the horizontal input seismic loads. The failure foundation takes on the isolation and shock absorption under strong ground motions. (3) The peak pore pressure ratio of the saturated soft soil ground is located in the shallow buried soil layer, and with the increase of the input ground motion intensity, the advantage of dynamic pore pressure ratio in this area is gradually weakened. (4) The numerical simulation results are consistent with the results of the shaking table test. This fully coupled effective stress numerical method can reasonably simulate the seismic response characteristics of free field in saturated soft soil, which lay the foundation for other more complex parameter extrapolation models of saturated soft soil sites. This research can provide the necessary technical experience for experimental study on non-free field.
Is SUVmax Helpful in the Differential Diagnosis of Enlarged Mediastinal Lymph Nodes? A Pilot Study
Authors: Yu Congcong , Xia Xiaotian , Qin Chunxia , Sun Xun , Zhang Yongxue , Lan Xiaoli
Published: October 2018

Objective. To explore the diagnostic value of maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) from 18F-FDG PET/CT images in enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes of unknown etiology. Methods. We performed a retrospective study of patients with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes on 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. SUVmax and the short axis and long axis of lymph nodes were recorded. These parameters were compared among the five commonest causes of mediastinal lymphadenopathy: lymphoma, metastatic disease, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, and lymphadenitis. Histopathologic diagnosis was recorded as the final golden standard. Results. A total of 94 patients (62 men and 32 women; age range 7–85 y) were included with final diagnoses of 42 patients with benign pathology and 52 patients with malignancies. The sensitivity, specificity, and the accuracy of PET/CT in diagnosis of the benign and malignant mediastinal lymph nodes were 94.2%, 73.8%, and 85.1%, respectively. The SUVmax of benign and malignant groups were 13.10 ± 5.21 and 12.59 ± 5.50, respectively, which had no statistical difference (P>0.05). However, the long axis and the short axis of lymph nodes in the benign and malignant groups were 2.86 ± 1.02 cm, 1.77 ± 0.60 cm and 6.04 ± 3.83 cm, 3.95 ± 2.08 cm, respectively (P<0.05). The diagnostic values of PET/CT were higher than those of the long or short axis. However, the specificity of PET/CT was lower (73.8%) than that from the long or short axis (90.5% and 92.9%, respectively), although no statistical difference existed. Among the five common causes of mediastinal lymphadenopathy, significant differences could be seen in SUVmax and in the long axis and the short axis of lymph nodes (P<0.05). Conclusions. SUVmax, a commonly used semiquantitative measurement, was not helpful for differentiation between benign and malignant lesions in patients with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes in this study. Many benign lesions, such as sarcoidosis and tuberculosis, had high FDG uptake, possibly a trend that the size of the lymph nodes seems to have some diagnostic value.
Effect of Coal Mining on Springs in the Yushenfu Mining Area of China
Authors: Fan Li-min , Li Tao , Xiang Maoxi , He Weizhong , Wu Boyun , Peng Jie , Li Yonghong , Li Cheng , Zheng Miao-miao , Chen Jianping , Gao Shuai , Du Jiangli , Ji Yiwei
Published: October 2018

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of coal mining on the springs in the Yushenfu mining area of China. The results of two springs and hydrological surveys conducted in 1994 and 2015 were compared to study the occurrence and evolution of springs before and after large-scale mining. The mechanism of spring evolution and ecological effects of domain evolution were analyzed by combined groundwater monitoring and evaluation of coal mining intensity. The results show that the maximum amount of single water inflow of spring with sand infiltration recharge was more than 10 L/s, the total amount of single water inflow of spring with mixed infiltration recharge was the highest, and the ecological effect of spring with loess infiltration recharge was the most significant. In the study area, 2580 springs (group) were distributed with a total flow of 4998.9428 L/s before 1994 and 376 residual springs (group) were present with a total flow of 996.392 L/s in 2015. Large-scale mining decreased the regional groundwater level, thus decreasing the amount of spring water. The high intensity of mining decreased the number of springs (group) and area of water and wetland in the study area. This directly affected the watershed ecology; the ecological degradation was significant.
Variation of Risk Factors for Cause-Specific Reintubation: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Fujii Emi , Fujino Kazunori , Tanaka-Mizuno Sachiko , Eguchi Yutaka
Published: October 2018

Unexpected reintubation may occur, even if the risk factors are considered and a spontaneous breathing trial is successful. Reintubation is thought to be caused by various factors. Several studies have investigated the risk factors of reintubation, but most did not classify reintubation by cause. We retrospectively classified patients undergoing reintubation at intensive care unit by cause (respiratory insufficiency vs. nonrespiratory insufficiency) to examine the cause-specific risk factors of reintubation. A total of 262 patients were included; reintubation within 48 hours after extubation was performed in 12 patients (reintubation rate, 4.5%). After classification by cause of reintubation, the pressure of arterial oxygen to fractional inspired oxygen concentration (P/F) ratio exhibited a significant association with reintubation only in the respiratory insufficiency group (odds ratio (OR) 0.989, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.980 to 0.999, p=0.036, and OR 0.989, 95% CI 0.979 to 0.999, p=0.026, in the univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively). In the propensity score analysis, a P/F ratio ≤ 200 may be a risk factor for reintubation in the respiratory insufficiency group (OR 7.811, 95% CI 1.345 to 45.367, p=0.022). In the nonrespiratory insufficiency group, intubation duration was significantly related to reintubation (OR 1.165, 95% CI 1.012 to 1.342, p=0.033, and OR 1.163, 95% CI 1.004 to 1.348, p=0.044, in the univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively). In conclusion, a low P/F ratio at extubation may be a risk factor for reintubation due to respiratory insufficiency. In the nonrespiratory insufficiency group, intubation duration may be significantly related to reintubation. The risk factors for reintubation may differ by the cause of reintubation. Further large-scale randomized controlled trials are required.
LUIFT: LUminance Invariant Feature Transform
Authors: Diaz-Escobar Julia , Kober Vitaly , Gonzalez-Fraga Jose A.
Published: October 2018

Illumination-invariant method for computing local feature points and descriptors, referred to as LUminance Invariant Feature Transform (LUIFT), is proposed. The method helps us to extract the most significant local features in images degraded by nonuniform illumination, geometric distortions, and heavy scene noise. The proposed method utilizes image phase information rather than intensity variations, as most of the state-of-the-art descriptors. Thus, the proposed method is robust to nonuniform illuminations and noise degradations. In this work, we first use the monogenic scale-space framework to compute the local phase, orientation, energy, and phase congruency from the image at different scales. Then, a modified Harris corner detector is applied to compute the feature points of the image using the monogenic signal components. The final descriptor is created from the histograms of oriented gradients of phase congruency. Computer simulation results show that the proposed method yields a superior feature detection and matching performance under illumination change, noise degradation, and slight geometric distortions comparing with that of the state-of-the-art descriptors.
Review and Selection Strategy for High-Accuracy Modeling of PWM Converters in DCM
Authors: Mao Yu-Jun , Lam Chi-Seng , Sin Sai-Weng , Wong Man-Chung , Martins Rui Paulo
Published: October 2018

Among various modeling methods for DC-DC converters introduced in the past two decades, the state-space averaging (SSA) and the circuit averaging (CA) are the most general and popular exhibiting high accuracy. However, their deduction approaches are not entirely equivalent since they incorporate different averaging processes, thus yielding different small signal transfer functions even under identical operating conditions. Some research studies claimed that the improved SSA can obtain the highest accuracy among all the modeling methods, but this paper discovers and clearly verifies that this is not the case. In this paper, we first review and study these two modeling methods for various DC-DC converters operating in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). We also streamline the general model-deriving processes for DC-DC converters, and test and compare the accuracy of these two methods under various conditions. Finally, we provide a selection strategy for a high-accuracy modeling method for different DC-DC converters operating in DCM and verified by simulations, which revealed necessary and beneficial for designing a more accurate DCM closed-loop controller for DC-DC converters, thus achieving better stability and transient response.
Biomechanical Aspects of Closing Approaches in Postcarotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Avrahami Idit , Raz Dafna , Bash Oranit
Published: October 2018

The carotid bifurcation tends to develop atherosclerotic stenoses which might interfere with cerebral blood supply. In cases of arterial blockage, the common clinical solution is to remove the plaque via carotid endarterectomy (CEA) surgery. Artery closure after surgery using primary closures along the cutting edge might lead to artery narrowing and restrict blood flow. An alternative approach is patch angioplasty which takes longer time and leads to more during-surgery complications. The present study uses numerical methods with fluid-structure interaction (FSI) to explore and compare the two solutions in terms of hemodynamics and stress and strain fields developed in the artery wall.
Procyanidins Extracted from Lotus Seedpod Ameliorate Amyloid‐β‐Induced Toxicity in Rat Pheochromocytoma Cells
Authors: Huang Hao , Yan Peipei , Sun Taoping , Mo Xiaoxing , Yin Jiawei , Li Peiyun , Zhu Yalun , Rong Shuang , Yang Wei , Chen Xiaoyi , Liu Liegang
Published: October 2018

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by extracellular senile plaque deposits, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal apoptosis. Amyloid‐β (Aβ) plays a critical role in AD that may cause oxidative stress and downregulation of CREB/BDNF signaling. Anti‐Aβ effect has been discussed as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. This study aimed to identify the amelioration of procyanidins extracted from lotus seedpod (LSPC) on Aβ‐induced damage with associated pathways for AD treatment. Rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells incubated with Aβ25–35 serve as an Aβ damage model to evaluate the effect of LSPC in vitro. Our findings illustrated that LSPC maintained the cellular morphology from deformation and reduced apoptosis rates of cells induced by Aβ25–35. The mechanisms of LSPC to protect cells from Aβ‐induced damage were based on its regulation of oxidation index and activation of CREB/BDNF signaling, including brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylation of cAMP‐responsive element‐binding (CREB), protein kinase B (also known as AKT), and the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). Of note, by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectroscopy (LC‐MS/MS), several metabolites were detected to accumulate in vivo, part of which could take primary responsibility for the amelioration of Aβ‐induced damage on PC12 cells. Taken together, our research elucidated the effect of LSPC on neuroprotection through anti‐Aβ, indicating it as a potential pretreatment for Alzheimer’s disease.
Adaptive Differential Evolution Based on Simulated Annealing for Large-Scale Dynamic Economic Dispatch with Valve-Point Effects
Authors: He Dakuo , Yang Le , Wang Zhengsong
Published: October 2018

Dynamic economic dispatch (DED) that considers valve-point effects is a complex nonconvex and nonsmooth optimization problem in power systems. Over the past few decades, multiple approaches have been developed to solve this problem. In this paper, an adaptive differential evolution based on simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to solve the DED problem with valve-point effects. Simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is employed to carry out an adaptive selection mechanism in which the mutation operators of differential evolution (DE) are selected adaptively based on their historical performance. A mutation operator pool consisting of five operators is built to make each operator show its strength at different stages of the evolutionary process. Moreover, a heuristic strategy is introduced to transform infeasible solutions towards feasible ones to enhance the convergence rate of the proposed algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated first on 10 popular benchmark functions with 100 dimensions, in comparison with the classic DE and five variants. Then, it is used to solve four DED problems with 10, 15, 30, and 54 units, which consider the valve-point effects, transmission loss, and prohibited operating zones. The simulation results are compared with those of state-of-the-art algorithms to clarify the significance of the proposed method and verify its performance. Three systems with 100-500 generators are also tested to confirm the advantages of the proposed method on large-scale DED problem.
A Semieager Classifier for Open Relation Extraction
Authors: Liu Peiqian , Wang Xiaojie
Published: October 2018

A variety of open relation extraction systems have been developed in the last decade. And deep learning, especially with attention model, has gained much success in the task of relation classification. Nevertheless, there is, yet, no research reported on classifying open relation tuples to our knowledge. In this paper, we propose a novel semieager learning algorithm (SemiE) to tackle the problem of open relation classification. Different from the eager learning approaches (e.g., ANNs) and the lazy learning approaches (e.g., kNN), the SemiE offers the benefits of both categories of learning scheme, with its significantly lower computational cost (O(n)). This algorithm can also be employed in other classification tasks. Additionally, this paper presents an adapted attention model to transform relation phrases into vectors by using word embedding. The experimental results on two benchmark datasets show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in the task of open relation classification.
Polysiphonia japonica Extract Attenuates Palmitate‐Induced Toxicity and Enhances Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic Beta‐Cells
Authors: Cha Seon-Heui , Kim Hyun-Soo , Hwang Yongha , Jeon You-Jin , Jun Hee-Sook
Published: October 2018

Beta‐cell loss is a major cause of the pathogenesis of diabetes. Elevated levels of free fatty acids may contribute to the loss of β‐cells. Using a transgenic zebrafish, we screened ~50 seaweed crude extracts to identify materials that protect β‐cells from free fatty acid damage. We found that an extract of the red seaweed Polysiphonia japonica (PJE) had a β‐cell protective effect. We examined the protective effect of PJE on palmitate‐induced damage in β‐cells. PJE was found to preserve cell viability and glucose‐induced insulin secretion in a pancreatic β‐cell line, Ins‐1, treated with palmitate. Additionally, PJE prevented palmitate‐induced insulin secretion dysfunction in zebrafish embryos and mouse primary islets and improved insulin secretion in β‐cells against palmitate treatment. These findings suggest that PJE protects pancreatic β‐cells from palmitate‐induced damage. PJE may be a potential therapeutic functional food for diabetes.
Dynamic Localized SNV, Peak SNV, and Partial Peak SNV: Novel Standardization Methods for Preprocessing of Spectroscopic Data Used in Predictive Modeling
Authors: Grisanti Emily , Totska Maria , Huber Stefan , Krick Calderon Christina , Hohmann Monika , Lingenfelser Dominic , Otto Matthias
Published: October 2018

An essential part of multivariate analysis in spectroscopic context is preprocessing. The aim of preprocessing is to remove scattering phenomena or disturbances in the spectra due to measurement geometry in order to improve subsequent predictive models. Especially in vibrational spectroscopy, the Standard Normal Variate (SNV) transformation has become very popular and is widely used in many practical applications, but standardization is not always ideal when performed across the full spectrum. Herein, three different new standardization techniques are presented that apply SNV to defined regions rather than to the full spectrum: Dynamic Localized SNV (DLSNV), Peak SNV (PSNV) and Partial Peak SNV (PPSNV). DLSNV is an extension of the Localized SNV (LSNV), which allows a dynamic starting point of the localized windows on which the SNV is executed individually. Peak and Partial Peak SNV are based on picking regions from the spectra with a high correlation to the target value and perform SNV on these essential regions to ensure optimal scatter correction. All proposed methods are able to significantly improve the model performance in cross validation and robustness tests compared to SNV. The prediction errors could be reduced by up to 16% and 29% compared with LSNV for two regression models.
Smallanthus sonchifolius (Yacon) Flour Improves Visceral Adiposity and Metabolic Parameters in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats
Authors: Honoré Stella Maris , Grande Maria Virginia , Gomez Rojas Jorge , Sánchez Sara Serafina
Published: October 2018

Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon), a native plant of South America, was observed to improve lipid profile in rodents and humans. This study aimed to investigate the antiobesity properties of yacon roots in a high-fat-diet (HFD) model and the underlying mechanisms. A total of 30 Wistar male rats were divided into five groups (n=6): the standard chow diet (SD) group was fed a SD; the HFD group was fed a HFD; and the HFD Y340 and HFD Y680 groups were fed a HFD plus yacon flour (340 and 680 mg FOS/kg b. w./day, respectively). HFD Y340 and HFD Y680 rats exhibited marked attenuation of weight gain, a decrease in visceral fat pad weight, a restoration of the serum lipid profile and atherogenic index in a dose-dependent manner, being the higher dose more effective (p<0.05). In addition, we found that HFD Y680 rats showed lower glucose and insulin levels, improved glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity (p<0.5). A downregulation of several adipocyte specific-transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPAR-γ2), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein a (C/EBP-a) and activating protein (aP2) mRNA levels, was determined in the visceral adipose tissue of HFD Y680 rats (p<0.05). An improvement of adipokine profile in HFD Y680 rats and decreased serum proinflammatory cytokine levels (p<0.05) were determined by ELISA. Decreased macrophage infiltration and F4/80 and MCP-1 expression in the visceral adipose tissue of HFD Y680 rats (p<0.5), together with a higher pAkt/Akt expression (p<0.05) were also observed by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. A significant increase in glucagon (Gcg) and PYY mRNA levels in distal ileum of HFD Y680 rats (p<0.05) were also detected. In the second approach, we determined that yacon supplementation potentiates the effects of the HFD reversion to a standard diet. In conclusion, yacon showed antiobesity properties by inhibiting adipogenesis and improving the visceral adipose tissue function.
Evidence-Based Practice in Primary Care Occupational Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Sweden
Authors: Lindström Ann-Charlotte , Bernhardsson Susanne
Published: October 2018

Introduction. Understanding of attitudes, knowledge, and behaviour related to evidence-based practice (EBP) and guidelines in Swedish occupational therapy is limited. The study aims were to investigate attitudes, knowledge, and behaviour related to evidence-based practice and guidelines of Swedish occupational therapists in primary care.Methods. A web-based survey of 94 Swedish primary care occupational therapists (response rate 53.7%). Data were analysed using logistic regressions.Results. Attitudes towards EBP and guidelines were highly positive (97%–98%). About half of the respondents reported confidence in finding and using evidence. Almost two-thirds reported being aware of guidelines and 47% knowing where to find guidelines. Four-fifths stated that they had easy access to guidelines and 75% that they used guidelines frequently. Men were more likely to feel confident to find research (OR 8.58, 95% CI 1.03 to 71.66;p=0.047) and have easy access to guidelines (OR 9.10, 95% CI 1.94 to 42.83;p=0.005). Occupational therapists older than 50 years were more likely to integrate patient preferences with guideline use (OR 6.44, 95% CI 1.14 to 36.57;p=0.035). Few reported reading scientific articles, and many expressed uncertainty in finding research. The main barrier for using guidelines was reported to be lack of time.Conclusion. Although attitudes among primary care occupational therapists towards EBP are positive and a large proportion report using guidelines, many state that they want to learn more and improve their evidence-based practice skills. The findings suggest that education measures need to be taken to address the identified shortcomings.
Investigation of Optical Ionization of Strontium via 5s21S0 ⟶ 5s5p 3P1° ⟶ 5s5d 3D2 ⟶ 4dnp (or 4ndf, n = 39) for Isotope Selectivity Enhancement
Authors: Cheon Donguk , Iwata Yoshihiro , Miyabe Masabumi , Wakaida Ikuo , Hasegawa Shuichi
Published: October 2018

We investigated a promising three-step resonance ionization scheme of strontium (Sr) 5s21S0 ⟶ 5s5p 3P1° ⟶ 5s5d 3D2 ⟶ 4dnp (or 4dnf, n = 39) using the first-step intercombination transition for the enhancement of isotope selectivity. The power broadening observed in the 2nd transition indicates that laser power of less than 0.2 mW is sufficient for saturating this transition. Isotope separation can be successfully expected with application of the 3rd transition due to the narrow width of the 4dnp (or 4dnf, n = 39) autoionization level, paving the way for analysis of trace 90Sr in environmental applications.
Rare Benign Large Lymphoid Colonic Polyp
Authors: Alshamali Yousef , Al Taleb Ahmad , Al-Taweel Talal
Published: October 2018

Benign lymphoid polyps are uncommon lesions of the small bowel and the colon to a lesser degree that are mostly found in children. There are only few reported cases in adults in which the lesions were predominantly polypoid and described as lymphonodular hyperplasia. We present a case of a large benign lymphoid polyp in the transverse colon of a 64-year-old lady who was referred to our care for a history of alteration in her bowel habit and anemia. Colonoscopy showed a 3 cm (Paris 1p) friable polyp which was excised and retrieved. Histopathology examination confirmed its benign nature supported by immunohistochemical studies. Benign lymphoid polyp is a rare condition posing a diagnostic challenge as it can be misinterpreted as a malignant lesion.
Effects of Estrogen and Estrogen Receptors on Transcriptomes of HepG2 Cells: A Preliminary Study Using RNA Sequencing
Authors: Shen Minqian , Cao Jingyi , Shi Haifei
Published: October 2018

Men have a much higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant form of liver cancer, than women, suggesting that estrogens play a protective role in liver cancer development and progression. To begin to understand the potential mechanisms of estrogens’ inhibitory effects on HCC development, RNA sequencing was used to generate comprehensive global transcriptome profiles of the human HCC-derived HepG2 cell line following treatment of vehicle (control), estradiol (E2), estrogen receptor alpha- (ERα-) specific agonist 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole (PPT), or ERβ-specific agonist 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN) using a small set of cells. Gene ontology (GO) analysis identified increased expression of genes involved in the biological process (BP) of response to different stimuli and metabolic processes by E2 and ER agonists, which enhanced molecular function (MF) in various enzyme activities and chemical bindings. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional pathway analysis indicated enhanced pathways associated with carbohydrate metabolism, complement and coagulation cascades, and HIF-1 signaling pathway by E2 and ER agonists. GO analysis also identified decreased expression of genes by E2, PPT, and DPN involved in BP related to the cell cycle and cell division, which reduced MF in activity of multiple enzymes and microtubule activity. KEGG analysis indicated that E2, PPT, and DPN suppressed pathways associated with the cell cycle; E2 and PPT suppressed pathways associated with chemical carcinogenesis and drug metabolism, and DPN suppressed DNA replication, recombination, and repair. Collectively, these differentially expressed genes across HepG2 cell transcriptome involving cellular and metabolic processes by E2 and ER agonists provided mechanistic insight into protective effects of estrogens in HCC development.
Gossypol from Cottonseeds Ameliorates Glucose Uptake by Mimicking Insulin Signaling and Improves Glucose Homeostasis in Mice with Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetes
Authors: Alam Md Badrul , An Hongyan , Ra Jeong-Sic , Lim Ji-young , Lee Seung-Hyun , Yoo Chi-Yeol , Lee Sang-Han
Published: October 2018

Glucose absorption from the gut and glucose uptake into muscles are vital for the regulation of glucose homeostasis. In the current study, we determined if gossypol (GSP) reduces postprandial hyperglycemia or enhances glucose uptake; we also investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying those processes in vitro and in vivo. GSP strongly and concentration dependently inhibited α‐glucosidase by functioning as a competitive inhibitor with IC50 value of 0.67 ± 0.44. GSP activated the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways and enhanced glucose uptake through the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) into plasma membrane in C2C12 myotubes. Pretreatment with a specific inhibitor attenuated the in vitro effects of GSP. We used a streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mouse model to assess the antidiabetic potential of GSP. Consistent with the in vitro study, a higher dose of GSP (2.5 mg/kg−1) dramatically decreased the postprandial blood glucose levels associated with the upregulated expressions of GLUT4 and the IRS‐1/Akt‐mediated signaling cascade in skeletal muscle. GSP treatment also significantly boosted antioxidant enzyme expression and mitigated gluconeogenesis in the liver. Collectively, these data imply that GSP has the potential in managing and preventing diabetes by ameliorating glucose uptake and improving glucose homeostasis.
Construction and Restrictions of Consistent Matrices by Macharis’ Method
Authors: Chu Chun-Hsiao , Lin Shu-Cheng , Julian Peterson
Published: October 2018

In 2004, Macharis et al. proposed a consistent comparison matrix. In this study, we provide a patch work for discussing the construction and restrictions of their consistent comparison matrix. Their study is important in academia and has been cited by over 200 papers. However, in the article, the authors neither provide a detailed explanation on how to construct the proposed revised consistent comparison matrix nor mention any restriction when constructing it. In this study, we not only propose an algorithm to construct the consistent matrix, but also prove that two restrictions exist when developing a sequence of their consistent comparison matrices, which are: (a) the changing of entries should follow a decreasing order with respect to the row index and (b) there is at most one entry in each row that can be revised by experts. The results of this study will help researchers properly apply the consistent matrices proposed by Macharis et al. (2004) in the future.
The Development of an Intelligent Monitoring System for Agricultural Inputs Basing on DBN-SOFTMAX
Authors: Yang Ling , Sarath Babu V. , Zou Juan , Cai Xu Can , Wu Ting , Lin Li
Published: October 2018

To solve the problem of unreliability of traceability information in the traceability system, we developed an intelligent monitoring system to realize the real-time online acquisition of physicochemical parameters of the agricultural inputs and to predict the varieties of input products accurately. Firstly, self-developed monitoring equipment was used to realize real-time acquisition, format conversion and pretreatment of the physicochemical parameters of inputs, and real-time communication with the cloud platform server. In this process, LoRa technology was adopted to solve the wireless communication problems between long-distance, low-power, and multinode environments. Secondly, a deep belief network (DBN) model was used to learn unsupervised physicochemical parameters of input products and extract the input features. Finally, these input features were utilized on the softmax classifier to establish the classification model, which could accurately predict the varieties of agricultural inputs. The results showed that when six kinds of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and other agricultural inputs were predicted through the system, the prediction accuracy could reach 98.5%. Therefore, the system can be used to monitor the varieties of agrarian inputs effectively and use in real-time to ensure the authenticity and accuracy of the traceability information.
Real-Time Chest Compression Quality Measurements by Smartphone Camera
Authors: Meinich-Bache Øyvind , Engan Kjersti , Birkenes Tonje Søraas , Myklebust Helge
Published: October 2018

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is recognized as a global mortality challenge, and digital strategies could contribute to increase the chance of survival. In this paper, we investigate if cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality measurement using smartphone video analysis in real-time is feasible for a range of conditions. With the use of a web-connected smartphone application which utilizes the smartphone camera, we detect inactivity and chest compressions and measure chest compression rate with real-time feedback to both the caller who performs chest compressions and over the web to the dispatcher who coaches the caller on chest compressions. The application estimates compression rate with 0.5 s update interval, time to first stable compression rate (TFSCR), active compression time (TC), hands-off time (TWC), average compression rate (ACR), and total number of compressions (NC). Four experiments were performed to test the accuracy of the calculated chest compression rate under different conditions, and a fifth experiment was done to test the accuracy of the CPR summary parameters TFSCR, TC, TWC, ACR, and NC. Average compression rate detection error was 2.7 compressions per minute (±5.0 cpm), the calculated chest compression rate was within ±10 cpm in 98% (±5.5) of the time, and the average error of the summary CPR parameters was 4.5% (±3.6). The results show that real-time chest compression quality measurement by smartphone camera in simulated cardiac arrest is feasible under the conditions tested.
The Prevalence of Dyslipidemia among Jordanians
Authors: Abujbara Mousa , Batieha Anwar , Khader Yousef , Jaddou Hashem , El-Khateeb Mohammed , Ajlouni Kamel
Published: October 2018

Background. Dyslipidemia is one of the major modifiable risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease and type two diabetes mellitus. Knowing the current prevalence of dyslipidemia is an important step for increasing awareness of the problem and for proper planning of health programs for prevention of its negative clinical effects. Methods. A national population based household sample was selected from north, middle, and south regions of Jordan in 2017. A total sample of 4,056 aged between 18 and 90 years were included. Selected individuals were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and fasting blood samples were collected for biochemical measurements. Results. The prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL, and low HDL were 44.3%, 41.9% 75.9%, and 59.5%, respectively. Hypercholesterolemia in Jordan almost doubled from 23.0% in 1994 to 44.3% in 2017, and hypertriglyceridemia increased from 23.8% in 1994 to 41.9% in 2017. All lipid abnormalities decreased after the age of 60 years. Hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were all independently associated with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusions. Results of this study show that dyslipidemia is a widely prevalent health problem among adult Jordanian population and that the problem has substantially increased since 1994. Encouraging healthy lifestyle and healthy diet are the basis for prevention of dyslipidemia.
Evaluation of Yarrowia lipolytica Oil for Biodiesel Production: Land Use Oil Yield, Carbon, and Energy Balance
Authors: Niehus Xochitl , Casas-Godoy Leticia , Rodríguez-Valadez Francisco J. , Sandoval Georgina
Published: October 2018

Oils from yeasts have emerged as a suitable alternative raw material to produce biodiesel, due to their similar composition to common raw materials such as vegetable oils. Additionally, they have the advantage of not competing with human or animal feed, and, furthermore, they do not compete for arable land. In this work, a carbon and energy balance was evaluated for Yarrowia lipolytica as a model yeast, using crude glycerol from biodiesel as the only carbon source, which improves biodiesel overall yield by 6%. The process presented a positive energy balance. Feasibility of yeast oil as biodiesel substrate was also evaluated by determination of the lipid fatty acid profile and cetane number. Moreover, a comparison of oil yields, in terms of land use, between vegetable, microalgae, and yeast oils is also presented. The results showed that Y. lipolytica oil yield is considerably higher than vegetable oils (767 times) and microalgae (36 times).
Strongyloidosis Hyperinfection Syndrome in an HIV-Infected Patient: A Rare Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
Authors: Natrajan Kartik , Medisetty Mahenderkumar , Gawali Raviraj , Tambolkar Ajit , Patel Divya , Thorat Vinay , Dubale Nachiket , Khirid Vrushali , Saraf Chinmay , Dravid Ameet
Published: October 2018

Parasitic infections such as Strongyloides stercoralis and HIV have been reported to coexist, particularly in resource-limited settings such as India. In an immunocompromised host, S. stercoralis can progress to strongyloidiasis hyperinfection syndrome (SHS). However, SHS is not common in patients with advanced HIV disease. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) developing after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) can target multiple pathogens including S. stercoralis. The authors present here a 46-year-old HIV-infected female who was recently diagnosed with HIV-1 infection, started ART, and developed SHS. Her upper GI endoscopy revealed severe gastroduodenitis, and X-ray chest showed extensive bilateral pneumonitis. We could identify S. stercoralis in induced sputum and duodenal biopsy. We could also identify gut inflammation to restrict invading parasites. After receiving antihelminthic therapy, she showed improvement, a course of events that fit the diagnosis of unmasking S. stercoralis IRIS.
Phenotypic Nonspecificity as the Result of Limited Specificity of Transcription Factor Function
Authors: Percival-Smith Anthony
Published: October 2018

Drosophila transcription factor (TF) function is phenotypically nonspecific. Phenotypic nonspecificity is defined as one phenotype being induced or rescued by multiple TFs. To explain this unexpected result, a hypothetical world of limited specificity is explored where all TFs have unique random distributions along the genome due to low information content of DNA sequence recognition and somewhat promiscuous cooperative interactions with other TFs. Transcription is an emergent property of these two conditions. From this model, explicit predictions are made. First, many more cases of TF nonspecificity are expected when examined. Second, the genetic analysis of regulatory sequences should uncovercis-element bypass and, third, genetic analysis of TF function should generally uncover differential pleiotropy. In addition, limited specificity provides evolutionary opportunity and explains the inefficiency of expression analysis in identifying genes required for biological processes.
The Mast Cell-Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interplay at the Host-Microbe Interface
Authors: Costantini Claudio , Renga Giorgia , Oikonomou Vasilis , Paolicelli Giuseppe , Borghi Monica , Pariano Marilena , De Luca Antonella , Puccetti Matteo , Stincardini Claudia , Mosci Paolo , Bartoli Andrea , Zelante Teresa , Romani Luigina
Published: October 2018

Mast cells are increasingly being recognized as crucial cells in the response of the organism to environmental agents. Interestingly, the ability of mast cells to sense and respond to external cues is modulated by the microenvironment that surrounds mast cells and influences their differentiation. The scenario that is emerging unveils a delicate equilibrium that balances the effector functions of mast cells to guarantee host protection without compromising tissue homeostasis. Among the environmental components able to mold mast cells and fine-tune their effector functions, the microorganisms that colonize the human body, collectively known as microbiome, certainly play a key role. Indeed, microorganisms can regulate not only the survival, recruitment, and maturation of mast cells but also their activity by setting the threshold required for the exploitation of their different effector functions. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the ability of the microorganisms to regulate mast cell physiology and discuss potential deviations that result in pathological consequences. We will discuss the pivotal role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in sensing the environment and shaping mast cell adaptation at the host-microbe interface.
Cerebral Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in a Patient with Giant Cell Arteritis and Endovascular Therapy
Authors: Steiger Ruth , Walchhofer Lisa-Maria , Rietzler Andreas , Mair Katherina J. , Knoflach Michael , Glodny Bernhard , Gizewski Elke R. , Grams Astrid E.
Published: October 2018

With phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) energy metabolites can be visualised. In this case study, we report on a patient with stenosis and wall contrast enhancement in the left internal carotid and the right vertebral artery, due to giant cell arteritis. 31P MRS revealed a decreased inorganic phosphate-to-phosphocreatine ratio (Pi/PCr) in regions with a prolonged mean transit time (MTT). After systemic therapy and angioplasty of the right vertebral artery, the stenosis and the symptoms improved and the area of prolonged MTT became smaller. However, a new decrease in Pi/PCr in areas that developed moderately prolonged MTT was observed.
High-Energy Transsyndesmotic Ankle Fracture Dislocation: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Deng Yinshuan , Dong Chenhui , Yang Xiaojie , Liu Rui , Hou Feiyi , Li Shensong , Tang Kanglai
Published: October 2018

High-energy trauma can cause transsyndesmotic ankle fracture dislocation. These fractures are quite rare. Here we present a clinical case of a male patient with this type of injury. A systematic review of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Embase electronic databases revealed only two prior publications on a similar topic. We discuss the typical clinical features of these injuries, the treatment of high-energy trauma which can cause transsyndesmotic ankle fracture dislocation, and its prognosis.