bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinico‐pathological profiling of peripheral ossifying fibroma of the oral cavity
Authors: Shrestha Ashish , Keshwar Shashi , Jain Neetu , Raut Toniya , Jaisani Mehul Rajesh , Sharma Shiva Lal
Published: October 2021

POF represents a separate entity with diverse histological presentation. Considerable overlapping of clinical and histological features are present among different reactive gingival lesions, which warrant a meticulous review for the diagnosis of POF.
Digital Product Passports as Enabler of the Circular Economy
Authors: Walden Joerg , Steinbrecher Angelika , Marinkovic Maroye
Published: October 2021

Governments and corporations are increasingly adopting circular economy strategies to meet the need of decoupling growth from resource consumption. However, the world economy is far from being circular, with some of the reasons including lack of transparency, standardization, and data sharing. Digitalization can help overcome these challenges, thus making it a key enabler of the circular economy. This review looks at the concept of a digital product passport as a tool for implementing and scaling the circular economy. It discusses opportunities and challenges related to further development and adoption of digital product passports. Finally, it examines the battery passport, drafted in the EU Battery regulation, as one of the first examples of a digital product passport required by law.
Approaches to opioid prescribing in cancer survivors: Lessons learned from the general literature
Authors: Jones Katie Fitzgerald , Merlin Jessica S.
Published: October 2021

Lay Summary

Guidance on how to approach opioid decisions for people beyond active cancer treatment is lacking.

This editorial discusses strategies from the general literature that can be thoughtfully tailored to cancer survivors to provide patient‐centered pain and opioid care.
Safety of opioid prescribing among older cancer survivors
Authors: Salz Talya , Mishra Meza Akriti , Gennarelli Renee L. , Lipitz‐Snyderman Allison , Moryl Natalie , Tringale Kathryn Ries , Boudreau Denise M. , Kriplani Anuja , Jinna Sankeerth , Korenstein Deborah
Published: October 2021

Background

Cancer survivors receive more long‐term opioid therapy (LTOT) than people without cancer, but the safety of LTOT prescribing is unknown.

Methods

Opioid‐naive adults aged ≥66 years who had been diagnosed in 2008‐2015 with breast, lung, head and neck, or colorectal cancer were identified with data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries linked with Medicare claims. Survivors with 1 or more LTOT episodes (≥90 consecutive days) occurring ≥1 year after their cancer diagnosis and before censoring at hospice entry, another cancer diagnosis, 6 months before death, or December 2016 were included. The safety of prescribing during the first 90 days of the first LTOT episode was measured during follow‐up. As a positive safety indicator, the proportion of survivors with concurrent nonopioid pain management was measured. Indicators of less safe prescribing were the proportion of survivors with a high average daily opioid dose (≥90 morphine milligram equivalents) and the proportion of survivors with concurrent benzodiazepine dispensing. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify clinical predictors of each safety outcome.

Results

In all, 3628 cancer survivors received LTOT during follow‐up (median duration, 4.9 months; interquartile range, 3.5‐8.0 months). Seventy‐two percent of the survivors received multimodal pain management concurrently with LTOT. Eight percent of the survivors had high‐dose opioid prescriptions; 25% of the survivors received benzodiazepines during LTOT. Multivariable analyses identified variations in safety measures by multiple clinical factors, although none were consistently significant across outcomes.

Conclusions

To improve safe LTOT prescribing for survivors, efforts should focus on increasing multimodal pain management and reducing inappropriate benzodiazepine prescribing. Different clinical predictors of each outcome suggest different drivers of safe prescribing.
mTOR‐dependent immunometabolism as Achilles' heel of anticancer therapy
Authors: Braun Clarissa , Weichhart Thomas
Published: October 2021

Immune cells are important constituents of the tumor microenvironment and essential in eradicating tumor cells during conventional therapies or novel immunotherapies. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway senses the intra‐ and extracellular nutrient status, growth factor supply, and cell stress‐related changes to coordinate cellular metabolism and activation dictating effector and memory functions in mainly all hematopoietic immune cells. In addition, the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 are frequently deregulated and become activated in cancer cells to drive cell transformation, survival, neovascularization, and invasion. In this review, we provide an overview of the influence of mTOR complexes on immune and cancer cell function and metabolism. We discuss how mTOR inhibitors aiming to target cancer cells will influence immunometabolic cell functions participating either in antitumor responses or favoring tumor cell progression in individual immune cells. We suggest immunometabolism as the weak spot of anticancer therapy and propose to evaluate patients according to their predominant immune cell subtype in the cancer tissue. Advances in metabolic drug development that hold promise for more effective treatments in different types of cancer will have to consider their effects on the immune system.
An Unprecedented Cluster Unit in (BMIm)2[Hf9Cl14H8(AlCl4)6]
Authors: Jablonski Jonas , Bresien Jonas , Köckerling Martin
Published: October 2021

The reduction of HfCl4 with Li[AlH4] under ionothermal conditions using (BMIm)[AlCl4] as solvent and as reactant gives the compound (BMIm)2[Hf9Cl14H8(AlCl4)6] in moderate yield. It contains nona‐nuclear metalloid cluster units with an unprecedented arrangement of the metal atoms. This can be described by a polyhedron consisting of two trigonal bipyramids, which are fused in one basal Hf atom. The edges of the Hf9 polyhedron are bridged by Cl atoms and the apical sites Cl‐bonded to [AlCl4]− anions. These bridge the cluster units into 1D cluster strands. The metal atom polyhedron can be constructed by a step‐wise distortion of a body centred cube. DFT calculations on [Hf9Cl14H(8‐x)(AlCl4)6]2− units for different numbers of hydrogen atoms (x=8–0) at the UPBE‐D3/def2‐TZVP level of theory indicate significant metal‐metal bonding. These calculations supported strongly the presence of hydridic H atoms bridging triangular faces of the metal atom skeleton. The most stable cluster anion is calculated for eight H atoms present in the cluster unit.
Effect of life stage and target tissue on dose–response assessment of ethyl methane sulfonate‐induced genotoxicity
Authors: Mittelstaedt Roberta A. , Dad Azra , Pearce Mason G. , Heflich Robert H. , Cao Xuefei
Published: October 2021

In order to investigate the possibility that treatment age affects the genotoxic response to ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) exposure, we dosed gpt‐delta neonatal mice on postnatal days 1–28 with 5–100 mg/kg/day of EMS and measured micronucleus (MN) induction in peripheral blood and gpt gene mutation in liver, lung, bone marrow, small intestine, spleen, and kidney. The data were compared to measurements from similarly exposed adult gpt‐delta mice. Our results indicate that the peripheral blood MN frequencies in mice treated as neonates are not substantially different from those measured in mice treated as adults. There were, however, differences in tissue‐specific gpt mutation responses in mice treated with EMS as neonates and adults. Greater mutant frequencies were seen in DNA isolated from kidney of mice treated as neonates, whereas the mutant frequencies in bone marrow, liver, and spleen were greater in the animals treated as adults. Benchmark dose potency ranking indicated that the differences for kidney were significant. Our data indicate that there are differences in EMS‐induced genotoxicity between mice treated as adults and neonates; the differences, however, are relatively small.
Dendritic neuron model neural network trained by modified particle swarm optimization for time‐series forecasting
Authors: Yilmaz Ayse , Yolcu Ufuk
Published: October 2021

Different types of artificial neural networks (NNs), such as nonprobabilistic and computation‐based time‐series forecasting tools, are widely and successfully used in the time‐series literature. Whereas some of them use an additive aggregation function, others use a multiplicative aggregation function in the structure of their neuron models. In particular, recently proposed sigma‐pi NNs and dendritic NNs have additional and multiplicative neuron models. This study aims to take advantage of the dendritic neuron model neural network (DNM‐NN) in forecasting and hence uses the DNM‐NN trained by a modified particle swarm optimization as the main contribution of the study optimization in time‐series forecasting to improve the forecasting accuracy. To evaluate the forecasting performance of the DNM‐NN, the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX) was analyzed, and the obtained results were discussed together with the results produced by other time‐series forecasting models, including traditional, fuzzy‐based, and computational‐based models.
Theory of mind at school: Academic outcomes and the influence of the school context
Authors: Lecce Serena , Devine Rory T.
Published: October 2021

The recent expansion of research on children's understanding of others' minds (or ‘theory of mind’, ToM) into middle childhood provides fresh opportunities to consider its origins and consequences. In this paper, we propose that, in addition to supporting children's social interactions, individual differences in ToM benefit academic achievement, in particular, reading comprehension and scientific reasoning. Furthermore, we argue that the school and classroom context can influence individual differences in ToM and its ongoing development in middle childhood. We suggest future directions for research to test these claims, which will provide a new perspective on the consequences of ToM and test the developmental continuity of socio‐cultural accounts of mindreading.
A large‐scale, online, multiprofessional opioid prescriber training program
Authors: Bednarczyk Edward M. , Blondell Richard D. , Wahler Robert G. , Fiebelkorn Karl D. , Waghmarae Romanth , Lu Chi‐Hua , Rogler Barbara A. , Dunn Terry E.
Published: October 2021

Introduction

In response to the opioid crisis, New York State (NYS) mandated training for all licensed professionals authorized to prescribe controlled substances. Content included state and federal requirements for prescribing controlled substances, pain management, appropriate prescribing, managing acute pain, palliative care, prevention, screening and signs of addiction; responses to abuse and addiction; and end‐of‐life care. Training was required to be completed by 1 July 2017.

Objectives

The primary aim of this analysis was to answer the question: Would a large‐scale, enduring, online training program administered in an academic environment be feasible?

Methods

An interdisciplinary team from the University at Buffalo developed a 4‐hour accredited enduring training program which was launched on 15 March 2017. Pre‐ and posttests were required, with a score of ≥70% on the posttest set as successful completion of the course.

Results

As of 1 July 2017, 31 909 participants had completed Module 1, with 26 511 (83.1%) originating from NYS. For Module 2, 29 450 participants completed the training, with 24 460 (83.1%) originating from NYS. A participant survey found that the overwhelming majority of participants were satisfied with the course. Prescribers (physicians, residents, dentists, nurse practitioners, midwives, and physician assistants) all demonstrated significant improvement for both course modules. Aggregate Module 1 scores improved from (mean ± SD) 79.88 (14.67) at baseline to 93.18 (7.45) postcourse (P < .0001). Aggregate Module 2 scores improved from 67.21 (14.8) to 89.13 (8.09; P < .0001).

Conclusions

Our experience demonstrates the feasibility of deploying a credible, enduring, multiprofessional online educational program. The program has been well‐accepted, with a demonstration of increased knowledge across disciplines through pre‐ and posttraining assessment. Further study is needed to address the impact of this training on patterns of opioid prescribing.
Associations between T cells and attention problems in the general pediatric population: The Generation R study
Authors: Looman Kirsten I. M. , Cecil Charlotte A. M. , Grosserichter‐Wagener Christina , Kiefte‐de Jong Jessica C. , van Zelm Menno C. , Moll Henriëtte A.
Published: October 2021

Objective

The pathogenesis of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is currently unclear. We hypothesized that chronic immune activation, as indexed by T and B cells, plays a role in the pathophysiology of attention problems. Therefore, we examined T and B cell subsets in a general pediatric population with information on attention problems.

Methods

We included 756 10‐year‐old children from the Generation R population‐based cohort. Eleven‐color flow cytometry was performed on peripheral blood samples to determine T and B cell subsets. The Child Behavior Checklist rated by parents was used to measure attention problems. Data were analyzed using linear regression analyses, adjusting for maternal and child covariates and co‐occurring childhood psychopathology.

Results

For T helper 1 (Th1) cells, one standard deviation (SD) increase was associated with 5.3% (95%CI 0.3; 10.5) higher attention problem scores. Furthermore, 1SD increase in CD8+ T cells was associated with 7.5% (95%CI 2.4; 12.7) higher attention problem scores. Within total CD8+ T cells, 1SD increase in naive or central memory cells was associated with 6.9% (95%CI 2.0; 12.1) and 6.4% (95%CI 1.5; 11.6) higher attention problem scores, respectively. No associations between Th2, Treg or B memory cells and attention problem scores were observed.

Conclusion

Higher Th1 and cytotoxic T cell numbers are associated with higher attention problem scores independent of co‐occurring psychopathology. This might indicate a possible role of a pro‐inflammatory immune profile in childhood attention problems.
A sustainable colloidal material with sorption and nutrient‐supply capabilities for in situ groundwater bioremediation
Authors: Elikem Essouassi , Persico Arantxa P. , Bulmer David , Siciliano Steven D. , Mussone Paolo , Peak Derek
Published: October 2021

Microbial degradation of subsurface organic contaminants is often hindered by the low availability of both contaminants and nutrients, especially phosphorus (P). The use of activated carbon and traditional P fertilizers to overcome these challenges has proved ineffective; therefore, we sought to find an innovative and effective solution. By heating bone meal–derived organic residues in water in a closed reactor, we synthesized nonporous colloids composed of aromatic and aliphatic structures linked to P groups. X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy analysis revealed that the materials contain mostly bioavailable forms of P (i.e., adsorbed P and magnesium‐bearing brushite). The capacity of the materials to adsorb organic contaminants was investigated using benzene and batch isotherm experiments. The adsorption isotherms were fitted to the linearized Freundlich model; isotherm capacity (logKF) values for the materials ranged between 1.6 and 2.8 μg g–1. These results indicate that the colloidal materials have a high affinity for organic contaminants. This, coupled with their possession of bioavailable P, should make them effective amendments for in situ groundwater bioremediation. Also, the materials’ chemical properties suggest that they are not recalcitrant, implying that they will not become potential contaminants when released into the environment.
Duality theorems for stars and combs II: Dominating stars and dominated combs
Authors: Bürger Carl , Kurkofka Jan
Published: October 2021

In a series of four papers we determine structures whose existence is dual, in the sense of complementary, to the existence of stars or combs. Here, in the second paper of the series, we present duality theorems for combinations of stars and combs: dominating stars and dominated combs. As dominating stars exist if and only if dominated combs do, the structures complementary to them coincide. Like for arbitrary stars and combs, our duality theorems for dominated combs (and dominating stars) are phrased in terms of normal trees or tree‐decompositions. The complementary structures we provide for dominated combs unify those for stars and combs and allow us to derive our duality theorems for stars and combs from those for dominated combs. This is surprising given that our complementary structures for stars and combs are quite different: Those for stars are locally finite whereas those for combs are rayless.
Microwave‐assisted Groebke‐Blackburn‐Bienaymé multicomponent reaction to synthesize imidazo fused heterocycles via in‐situ generated isocyanides from N‐formylamines: An undergraduate organic laboratory experiment
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Singh Rahul , Patil Madhuri T. , Kumar Kushvinder , Sahoo Subash Chandra , Singh Kamal Nain , Chaudhari Vinod D. , Salunke Deepak B.
Published: October 2021

A one‐pot methodology is developed for the direct conversion of N‐formylamine, 2‐amino pyridine, and aldehyde into 2,3‐substituted imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine heterocycles using I2‐PPh3‐Et3N reagent system under microwave irradiation. During the reaction, I2‐PPh3‐Et3N converts N‐formylamine into isocyanide, which in the presence of in‐situ generated hydrogen iodide (HI) undergoes Groebke‐Balckburn‐Bienaymé (GBB) multicomponent reaction with aldehyde and 2‐aminopyridine. The in‐situ generated HI eliminates the need for an external catalyst for the GBB reaction. The developed process incorporates the use of readily accessible and cheap reagents and also avoid a separate step for the synthesis of isocyanides having disagreeable odor. Fourteen different GBB based heterocycles have been synthesized to demonstrate the feasibility of the optimized protocol. The preparation of N‐formylamines utilized in the synthesis is also elaborated and the overall process was optimized to be suitable for a typical undergraduate organic laboratory experiment. One of the final products was characterized using FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, COSY, HSQC, HRMS, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Overall, the experiment will be useful in the organic chemistry curriculum to teach about multicomponent reactions, the importance of isocyanides in organic synthesis, formylation of amines, application of microwave irradiation in organic synthesis, and structural elucidation of small organic molecules.
Prediction of in‐hospital mortality with machine learning for COVID‐19 patients treated with steroid and remdesivir
Authors: Kuno Toshiki , Sahashi Yuki , Kawahito Shinpei , Takahashi Mai , Iwagami Masao , Egorova Natalia N.
Published: October 2021

We aimed to create the prediction model of in‐hospital mortality using machine learning methods for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) treated with steroid and remdesivir. We reviewed 1571 hospitalized patients with laboratory confirmed COVID‐19 from the Mount Sinai Health System treated with both steroids and remdesivir. The important variables associated with in‐hospital mortality were identified using LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) through the light gradient boosting model (GBM). The data before February 17th, 2021 (N = 769) was randomly split into training and testing datasets; 80% versus 20%, respectively. Light GBM models were created with train data and area under the curves (AUCs) were calculated. Additionally, we calculated AUC with the data between February 17th, 2021 and March 30th, 2021 (N = 802). Of the 1571 patients admitted due to COVID‐19, 331 (21.1%) died during hospitalization. Through LASSO and SHAP, we selected six important variables; age, hypertension, oxygen saturation, blood urea nitrogen, intensive care unit admission, and endotracheal intubation. AUCs using training and testing datasets derived from the data before February 17th, 2021 were 0.871/0.911. Additionally, the light GBM model has high predictability for the latest data (AUC: 0.881) (https://risk-model.herokuapp.com/covid). A high‐value prediction model was created to estimate in‐hospital mortality for COVID‐19 patients treated with steroid and remdesivir.
Persistence of sleep disturbance among post‐COVID patients: Findings from a 2‐month follow‐up study in a Bangladeshi cohort
Authors: Islam Md. Khairul , Molla Md. Maruf Ahmed , Hasan Pratyay , Sharif Md. Mohiuddin , Hossain Fahima Sharmin , Amin Md. Robed , Rahman Md. Ridwanur
Published: October 2021

To evaluate the persistence and factors associated with sleep disturbances among COVID‐19 patients with a history of sleep disturbances 2 months after discharge from the hospital. A total of 400 patients admitted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital during July and August were diagnosed as suffering from sleep disturbances during their hospital stay using a standardized scale. They were followed up 2 months later through telephone, and a total of 322 participants were interviewed (excluding 63 nonresponders and five deceased) regarding the persistence of disturbances in sleep through a structured questionnaire. Patient demographic, clinical, and epidemiological data including history regarding in‐hospital sleep disturbance were retrieved from hospital treatment sheets. Results revealed, 35% of study participants (n = 113) were still experiencing symptoms of sleep disturbances during the interview by telephone. Age (p = 0.015), diabetes mellitus (relative risk [RR]: 1.21; confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.42, p = 0.022), on admission SPO2 (p = 0.009), C‐reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.025), serum ferritin (p = 0.014), and d‐dimer (p = 0.030) were independently associated with sleep disturbances among participants (p < 0.05). Binary and fitting logistic regression through repeated K folds cross‐validation revealed 1.65 (CI: 1.02–2.66), 1.07 (CI: 1.01–1.14), and 1.07 (CI: 1.00–1.15) times higher odds of persistence of sleep disturbances among patients with diabetes mellitus, increased neutrophil, and lymphocyte percentages, respectively. Findings of this study need to be validated and patients should be further followed up with more in‐depth studies conducted 6 or 12 months after initial infection, possibly with the help of higher sample size and in‐person interview.
A Uniform and Robust Bioinspired Zwitterion Coating for Use in Blood‐Contacting Catheters with Improved Anti‐Inflammatory and Antithrombotic Properties
Authors: Liu Yuqi , Zhang Fanjun , Lang Shiying , Yang Li , Gao Shuai , Wu Dimeng , Liu Gongyan , Wang Yunbing
Published: October 2021

Inflammation and thrombosis are two major complications of blood‐contacting catheters that are used as extracorporeal circuits for hemodialysis and life‐support systems. In clinical applications, complications can lead to increased mortality and morbidity rates. In this work, a biomimetic erythrocyte membrane zwitterion coating based on poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine‐co‐dopamine methacrylate) (pMPCDA) copolymers is uniformly and robustly modified onto a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) catheter via mussel‐inspired surface chemistry. The zwitterionic pMPCDA coating exhibits excellent antifouling activity and resists bacterial adhesion, fibrinogen adsorption, and platelet adhesion/activation. The material also demonstrates great hemocompatibility, cytocompatibility, and anticoagulation properties in vitro. Additionally, this biocompatible pMPCDA coating reduces in vivo foreign‐body reactions by mitigating inflammatory response and collagen capsule formation, due to its outstanding ability to resist nonspecific protein adsorption. More importantly, when compared with a bare PVC catheter, the pMPCDA coating exhibits outstanding antithrombotic properties when tested in an ex vivo rabbit perfusion model. Thus, it is envisioned that this biomimetic erythrocyte membrane surface strategy will provide a promising way to mitigate inflammation and thrombosis caused by the use of blood‐contacting catheters.
Sector stability criteria for a nonlinear axial motion string system
Authors: Wu Rui , Cheng Yi , O'Regan Donal
Published: October 2021

The paper investigates the exponential stability criterion for an axially moving string system driven by a nonlinear partial differential equation with nonlinear boundary feedback. The control criterion based on a sector condition contains a large class of nonlinearities, which is a negative feedback of the velocity at the right boundary of the moving string. By invoking nonlinear semigroup theory, the well‐posedness result of the closed‐loop system is verified under the sector criteria. Furthermore, a novel energy like function is constructed to establish the exponential stability of the closed‐loop system by using a integral‐type multiplier method and the generalized Gronwall‐type integral inequality.
Design and Synthesis of Hsp90 Inhibitors with B‐Raf and PDHK1 Multi‐Target Activity
Authors: Pinzi Luca , Foschi Francesca , Christodoulou Michael S. , Passarella Daniele , Rastelli Giulio
Published: October 2021

The design of multi‐target ligands has become an innovative approach for the identification of effective therapeutic treatments against complex diseases, such as cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that the combined inhibition of Hsp90 and B‐Raf provides synergistic effects against several types of cancers. Moreover, it has been reported that PDHK1, which presents an ATP‐binding pocket similar to that of Hsp90, plays an important role in tumor initiation, maintenance and progression, participating also to the senescence process induced by B‐Raf oncogenic proteins. Based on these premises, the simultaneous inhibition of these targets may provide several benefits for the treatment of cancer. In this work, we set up a design strategy including the assembly and integration of molecular fragments known to be important for binding to the Hsp90, PDHK1 and B‐Raf targets, aided by molecular docking for the selection of a set of compounds potentially able to exert Hsp90‐B‐Raf‐PDHK1 multi‐target activities. The designed compounds were synthesized and experimentally validated in vitro. According to the in vitro assays, compounds 4 a, 4 d and 4 e potently inhibited Hsp90 and moderately inhibited the PDHK1 kinase. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to provide further insights into the structural basis of their multi‐target activity.
Nomograms of fetal cardiothoracic ratio from 17 to 37 weeks' gestation as assessed by three different measurement techniques and their correlation with gestational age
Authors: Sompagdee Nalat , Anuwutnavin Sanitra , Burapasikarin Chada , Ruangvutilert Pornpimol , Thongkloung Piyatida
Published: October 2021

Objective

To create nomograms for fetal cardiothoracic (CT) ratio as assessed by three different 2‐dimensional sonographic measurements, including CT diameter, circumference, and area ratios, in Thai fetuses with a gestational age (GA) of 17–37 weeks, and to evaluate both their correlation with GA or biparietal diameter (BPD) and variability among the three measurement methods.

Methods

Two‐dimensional sonographic measurements of fetal CT ratio in 4‐chamber view were assessed by three different measurement techniques. The 95% reference intervals and Z‐scores of all measurement methods based on GA or BPD were constructed. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for the reproducibility of each technique were compared.

Results

A total of 511 uncomplicated singleton pregnancies were included. The fetal CT ratio values by all measurement techniques gradually and smoothly increased with increasing GA and BPD. The fetal CT circumference ratio showed the least correlation with both GA and BPD. The intraobserver and interobserver reliability coefficients of all techniques demonstrated almost excellent agreement (all ICCs at least 0.87).

Conclusion

Reference intervals and Z‐score reference ranges were developed using three different techniques for fetal CT ratio with a GA of 17–37 weeks. These nomograms are a simple and reliable screening tool for identifying abnormal fetal heart size.
Secretome analysis of human schwann cells derived from malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
Authors: Ferdoushi Aysha , Jamaluddin M. Fairuz B. , Li Xiang , Pundavela Jay , Faulkner Sam , Hondermarck Hubert
Published: October 2021

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are highly aggressive, nerve‐associated tumors and the main cause of death amongst neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) patients. Schwann cells (SCs) are the pathogenic cell type in MPNST, however the secretome of human MPNST ‐derived SCs is poorly defined. In this study, a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the proteins secreted by the sNF96.2 human SC line, derived from a patient with MPNST, was performed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). A total of 17,354 unique peptides corresponding to 1538 individual proteins were identified. Among them, 995 proteins were confirmed as secreted using various bioinformatics tools including SignalP, SecretomeP, Vertebrate Secretome Database (VerSeDa), and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were conducted to assign protein localization and function, and to define enriched pathways. Protein binding was the most enriched molecular function, and the most enriched biological process was cell‐cell adhesion. Metabolic pathways showed the highest levels of enrichment. In addition, 13 of the identified proteins were validated in Western blotting. This comprehensive secretome map constitutes a reference library providing a new molecular insight into MPNST.
Airway abnormalities and pulmonary complications in long‐term treated late‐onset Pompe disease: Diagnostic and interventional by flexible bronchoscopy
Authors: Wang Ting‐Hao , Soong Wen‐Jue , Niu Dau‐Ming , Chu Yen‐Ling , Chen Li‐Zhen , Huang Ling‐Yi , Yang Chia‐Feng
Published: October 2021

This study evaluates the whole airway abnormalities of long‐term treated late‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD) patients, with interventions using the flexible bronchoscope (FB). As a retrospective study, we follow up with our five LOPD patients treated with Myozyme from 2012 to 2021 regularly, but with a focus on the whole airway abnormalities of these patients visualized through FB. The long‐term clinical outcomes and relevant airway symptoms were assessed. Pulmonary function test and polysomnography were performed to evaluate the degree of respiratory compromise. All patients in the study had varying degrees of airway collapsibility, pulmonary complications, sleep apnea syndrome, and facial anomalies. Pulmonary function could preserve after Myozyme treatment, but potential deterioration thereafter. This is the first study that focuses on airway abnormalities and pulmonary complications in long‐term treated LOPD patients using FB. Despite years of Myozyme treatment, we still observed airway abnormalities in these patients. In our series, the pulmonary complications seem more obvious than those observed in patients with infantile‐onset Pompe disease, which might be related to the late diagnosis and treatment. We might recommend that FB could provide dynamic evaluation and interventions of airway abnormalities simultaneously. Early diagnosis of respiratory dysfunction is a critical prognostic factor of the long‐term outcome of treated LOPD patients.
Health disparity in CF: Perspectives from a lived experience
Authors: Wright Michele , Wright Terry
Published: October 2021

In this commentary, we discuss health disparities, reflecting on our experience in delayed diagnosis of cystic fibrosis based on race and bias in healthcare practitioners.
Match_Motif: A rapid computational tool to assist in protein–protein interaction design
Authors: Zacharias Martin
Published: October 2021

In order to generate protein assemblies with a desired function, the rational design of protein–protein binding interfaces is of significant interest. Approaches based on random mutagenesis or directed evolution may involve complex experimental selection procedures. Also, molecular modeling approaches to design entirely new proteins and interactions with partner molecules can involve large computational efforts and screening steps. In order to simplify at least the initial effort for designing a putative binding interface between two proteins the Match_Motif approach has been developed. It employs the large collection of known protein–protein complex structures to suggest interface modifications that may lead to improved binding for a desired input interaction geometry. The approach extracts interaction motifs based on the backbone structure of short (four residues) segments and the relative arrangement with respect to short segments on the partner protein. The interaction geometry is used to search through a database of such motifs in known stable bound complexes. All matches are rapidly identified (within a few seconds) and collected and can be used to guide changes in the interface that may lead to improved binding. In the output, an alternative interface structure is also proposed based on the frequency of occurrence of side chains at a given interface position in all matches and based on sterical considerations. Applications of the procedure to known complex structures and alternative arrangements are presented and discussed. The program, data files, and example applications can be downloaded from https://www.groups.ph.tum.de/t38/downloads/.
Comparing, evaluating and combining statistical species distribution models and CLIMEX to forecast the distributions of emerging crop pests
Authors: Early Regan , Rwomushana Ivan , Chipabika Gilson , Day Roger
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Forecasting the spread of emerging pests is widely requested by pest management agencies in order to prioritise and target efforts. Two widely used approaches are statistical Species Distribution Models (SDMs) and CLIMEX, which uses ecophysiological parameters. Each have strengths and weaknesses. SDMs can incorporate almost any environmental condition and their accuracy can be formally evaluated to inform managers. However, accuracy is affected by data availability and can be limited for emerging pests, and SDMs usually predict year‐round distributions, not seasonal outbreaks. CLIMEX can formally incorporate expert ecophysiological knowledge and predicts seasonal outbreaks. However, the methods for formal evaluation are limited and rarely applied. We argue that both approaches can be informative and complementary, but we need tools to integrate and evaluate their accuracy. Here we develop such an approach, and test it by forecasting the potential global range of the tomato pest Tuta absoluta.

RESULTS

The accuracy of previously developed CLIMEX and new statistical SDMs were comparable on average, but the best statistical SDM techniques and environmental data substantially outperformed CLIMEX. The ensembled approach changes expectations of T. absoluta's spread. The pest's environmental tolerances and potential range in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Central Asia and Australia will be larger than previous estimates.

CONCLUSION

We recommend that CLIMEX be considered one of a suite of SDM techniques and thus evaluated formally. CLIMEX and statistical SDMs should be compared and ensembled if possible. We provide code that can be used to do so when employing the biomod suite of SDM techniques. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
On the use of inhibitors of 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase as a vector‐selective insecticide in the control of mosquitoes
Authors: Vergaray Ramirez Marlon A , Sterkel Marcos , Martins Ademir J , BP Lima José , L Oliveira Pedro
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Blood‐sucking insects incorporate many times their body weight of blood in a single meal. Because proteins are the major component of vertebrate blood, its digestion in the gut generates extremely high concentrations of free amino acids. Previous reports showed that the tyrosine degradation pathway plays an essential role in adapting these animals to blood feeding. Inhibition of 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), the rate‐limiting step of tyrosine degradation, results in the death of insects after a blood meal. Therefore, it has been suggested that compounds that block the catabolism of tyrosine could act selectively on blood‐feeding insects. Here, we evaluated the toxicity against mosquitoes of three HPPD inhibitors currently used as herbicides and in human health.

RESULTS

Of the compounds tested, nitisinone (NTBC) proved to be more potent than mesotrione (MES) and isoxaflutole (IFT) in Aedes aegypti. NTBC was lethal to Ae. aegypti in artificial feeding assays [median lethal dose (LD50): 4.53 μm] and in topical application (LD50: 0.012 nmol/mosquito). NTBC was also lethal to Ae. aegypti populations that were resistant to neurotoxic insecticides, and to other mosquito species (Anopheles and Culex).

CONCLUSION

HPPD inhibitors, particularly NTBC, represent promising new drugs for mosquito control. Because they affect only blood‐feeding organisms, they represent a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional neurotoxic insecticides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Baroclinicity in stable atmospheric boundary layers: Characterizing turbulence structures and collapsing wind profiles via reduced models and large‐eddy simulations
Authors: Momen Mostafa
Published: October 2021

Baroclinicity is a common, while often overlooked, phenomenon in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) that significantly impacts mean wind and turbulence structures. It adds another layer of complexity to the much‐studied stable barotropic ABLs by modulating the pressure gradient in height. Despite the prevalence of baroclinic and stable conditions in nature, our knowledge of their interacting effects on stratified ABL features is limited. The article aims to bridge this knowledge gap by systematically varying baroclinicity and stability using the large‐eddy simulation (LES) technique. The results of 15 conducted LESs indicate that baroclinicity alters the Ekman spiral shape and the low‐level jet's height in stable ABLs. Friction velocity, Obukhov length, shear production and the ABL height are highly influenced by baroclinicity in weakly stable ABLs, whereas they converge to a constant asymptote as the stability increases, independent of the baroclinicity regime. This is attributed to the strong turbulence destruction in very stable ABLs that decouples the surface from higher elevations where the baroclinicity effect is more significant. A reduced model for baroclinic wind profiles is developed and an analytical estimation of that for weakly baroclinic regimes is tested against LES results. Two rescaling methods in the inner and outer layers of stable baroclinic ABLs are used in a novel way to non‐dimensionalize the wind profiles. The suggested approaches reasonably collapse baroclinic/barotropic stable wind profiles in all considered LES cases. This study's findings elucidate the underlying physics of baroclinic stable ABLs and are useful for characterizing the wind profiles in weather/climate models, field measurements, and various industrial applications.
State of the Art in Control of Inclusions and Microalloying Elements in Tire Cord Steel and Saw Wire Steel
Authors: Chen Changyong , Sun Meng , Chen Xiaoqing , Wang Bao , Zhou Jianan , Jiang Zhouhua
Published: October 2021

The extremely thin diameter of steel tire cord wire and steel saw wire are about 80 and 50 μm, respectively. It is supposed that this kind of ultrafine steel wire is easy to break due to large and hard nonmetallic inclusions in the steel during the drawing and standing process. This paper reviews the research advances on inclusion and microalloying elements control in tire cord steel and saw wire steel in the past 20 years. Including: 1) calculation of thermodynamics of inclusion formation in quaternary system; 2) effects of alkali metal alloys and its oxides on inclusions; 3) control of Ti‐containing inclusion and SiO2‐MnO‐Al2O3 inclusion; 4) effect of rare earth on inclusions in saw wire steel; 5) the behavior of inclusions at the solidification front of liquid steel; 6) the effect of inclusion size and morphology on the fracture behavior of steel wire; 7) ultrasonic technology was used to remove inclusions in cord steel; 8) the effect of C, Cr, Co, Ce and V on microstructure and properties of tire cord steel and saw wire steel. Finally, this paper summarizes twelve key problems that should be studied in the next decade to provide reference for metallurgical workers.
Boosting the Redox Kinetics of High‐Voltage P2‐Type Cathode by Radially Oriented {010} Exposed Nanoplates for High‐Power Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Feng , Fan Ke , Hou Peiyu , Huang Haitao
Published: October 2021

High‐voltage P2‐type cathode with large capacity, high air stability, and low cost has attracted extensive attention. However, large ionic radius of Na+ and Na+/vacancy ordering result in low reaction kinetics and poor high‐rate capability. Herein, cobalt‐doped hierarchical structure assembled by radially oriented {010} exposed nanoplates is developed. With radially oriented grains infiltrating from surface to interior, all the {010} exposed surfaces are electrochemically active planes, and Na+ ions diffuse directly into electrolyte without passing through grain boundaries, building up 3D transfer channels. The trivalent cobalt substitution suppresses unwanted Na+/vacancy ordering and increases energy barrier of the phase transition from P2‐ to O2‐type oxide. These synergetic effects remarkably boost the redox kinetics of high‐voltage P2‐type cathode. Consequently, a large reversible capacity of 112 mAh g−1 is achieved even at 20 C, indicating excellent high‐rate capability. The absence of P2–O2 phase transition also gives rise to superior cycling stability, maintaining a capacity retention of 85% after 200 cycles. In addition, full cells composed of this hierarchical P2‐type cathode and hard carbon anode deliver high energy‐ and power‐densities. These achievements offer a new insight into boosting redox kinetics of P2‐ and O3‐type layered cathodes for high‐power sodium‐ion batteries.
EFT at FASERν
Authors: Falkowski Adam , González-Alonso Martín , Kopp Joachim , Soreq Yotam , Tabrizi Zahra
Published: October 2021

Abstract

We investigate the sensitivity of the FASERν detector to new physics in the form of non-standard neutrino interactions. FASERν, which will be installed 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point, will for the first time study interactions of multi-TeV neutrinos from a controlled source. Our formalism — which is applicable to any current and future neutrino experiment — is based on the Standard Model Effective Theory (SMEFT) and its counterpart, Weak Effective Field Theory (WEFT), below the electroweak scale. Starting from the WEFT Lagrangian, we compute the coefficients that modify neutrino production in meson decays and detection via deep-inelastic scattering, and we express the new physics effects in terms of modified flavor transition probabilities. For some coupling structures, we find that FASERν will be able to constrain interactions that are two to three orders of magnitude weaker than Standard Model weak interactions, implying that the experiment will be indirectly probing new physics at the multi-TeV scale. In some cases, FASERν constraints will become comparable to existing limits — some of them derived for the first time in this paper — already with 150 fb−1 of data.
Extended DBI and its generalizations from graded soft theorems
Authors: Kampf Karol , Novotný Jiří , Vaško Petr
Published: October 2021

Abstract

We analyze a theory known as extended DBI, which interpolates between DBI and the U(N) × U(N)/U(N) non-linear sigma model and represents a nontrivial example of theories with mixed power counting. We discuss symmetries of the action and their geometrical origin; the special case of SU(2) extended DBI theory is treated in great detail. The revealed symmetries lead to a new type of graded soft theorem that allows us to prove on-shell constructibility of the tree-level S-matrix. It turns out that the on-shell constructibility of the full extended DBI remains valid, even if its DBI sub-theory is modified in such a way to preserve its own on-shell constructibility. We thus propose a slight generalization of the DBI sub-theory, which we call 2-scale DBI theory. Gluing it back to the rest of the extended DBI theory gives a new set of on-shell reconstructible theories — the 2-scale extended DBI theory and its descendants. The uniqueness of the parent theory is confirmed by the bottom-up approach that uses on-shell amplitude methods exclusively.
Shocks and information exchange in de Sitter space
Authors: Aalsma L. , Cole A. , Morvan E. , van der Schaar J. P. , Shiu G.
Published: October 2021

Abstract

We discuss some implications of recent progress in understanding the black hole information paradox for complementarity in de Sitter space. Extending recent work by two of the authors, we describe a bulk procedure that allows information expelled through the cosmological horizon to be received by an antipodal observer. Generically, this information transfer takes a scrambling time t = H−1 log(SdS). We emphasize that this procedure relies crucially on selection of the Bunch-Davies vacuum state, interpreted as the thermofield double state that maximally entangles two antipodal static patches. The procedure also requires the presence of an (entangled) energy reservoir, created by the collection of Hawking modes from the cosmological horizon. We show how this procedure avoids a cloning paradox and comment on its implications.
Comparison of RGB-D and IMU-based gesture recognition for human-robot interaction in remanufacturing
Authors: Roda-Sanchez Luis , Garrido-Hidalgo Celia , García Arturo S. , Olivares Teresa , Fernández-Caballero Antonio
Published: October 2021

With product life-cycles getting shorter and limited availability of natural resources, the paradigm shift towards the circular economy is being impulsed. In this domain, the successful adoption of remanufacturing is key. However, its associated process efficiency is to date limited given high flexibility requirements for product disassembly. With the emergence of Industry 4.0, natural human-robot interaction is expected to provide numerous benefits in terms of (re)manufacturing efficiency and cost. In this regard, vision-based and wearable-based approaches are the most extended when it comes to establishing a gesture-based interaction interface. In this work, an experimental comparison of two different movement-estimation systems—(i) position data collected from Microsoft Kinect RGB-D cameras and (ii) acceleration data collected from inertial measurement units (IMUs)—is addressed. The results point to our IMU-based proposal, OperaBLE, having recognition accuracy rates up to 8.5 times higher than these of Microsoft Kinect, which proved to be dependent on the movement’s execution plane, subject’s posture, and focal distance.