bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contact Tracing Applications Against COVID-19: A Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Nabeel Ahmad , AlSabah Salman , Al Haddad Eliana , Ashrafian Hutan
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered public anxiety around the world. So far, the evidence suggests that prevention on a public scale is the most effective health measure for thwarting the progress of COVID-19. Another critical aspect of preventing COVID-19 is contact tracing.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of contact tracing applications currently available in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

We undertook a systematic review and narrative synthesis of all literature relating to contact tracing applications in the context of COVID-19. We searched 3 major scientific databases. Only articles that were published in English and were available as full-text articles were selected for review. Data were extracted and narrative syntheses conducted.

RESULTS

Five studies relating to COVID-19 were included in the review. Our results suggest that digitalized contact tracing methods can be beneficial for impeding the progress of COVID-19. Three key themes were generated from this systematic review. First, the critical mass of application adoption must be attained at the population level before the sensitivity and positive predictive value of the solution can be increased. Second, usability factors such as access, ease of use and the elimination of barriers are essential in driving this uptake. Third, privacy must be ensured where possible as it is the single most significant barrier against achieving critical mass.

CONCLUSIONS

The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed more than 2 million lives globally, with over 100 million confirmed cases. Contact tracing can rapidly identify potentially infected individuals before the emergence of severe or critical symptoms, and it can also prevent the subsequent transmission of disease from secondary cases when implemented efficiently. Contact tracing methods have proved to be beneficial for impeding the progress of COVID-19 as compared to older, more labor intensive manual methods.
Cautious Optimism: Fraser v Canada (Attorney General)
Authors: Hamilton Jonnette Watson
Published: May 2021

Adverse effects discrimination arises when a law that appears to be neutral on its face has a disproportionate and negative impact on members of a group identified by a protected ground.1 The discrimination is usually not as easy to see as it is in cases of direct discrimination, where distinctions are drawn by a law, program, or policy. This may be why Fraser v Canada (Attorney General)2 is only the third adverse effects claim under section 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms3 to succeed since section 15 came into force in 1985.4 Fraser is notable simply because it is the first successful adverse effects claim in twenty-two years.5

1 Jonnette Watson Hamilton & Jennifer Koshan. “Adverse Impact: The Supreme Court’s Approach to Adverse Effects Discrimination under Section 15 of the Charter” (2015) 19:2 Rev Const Stud Studies 191 at 196 [“Adverse Impact”]. 2 2020 SCC 28 [Fraser]. 3 Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11 [Charter]. 4 The other two cases in which adverse effects claims were successful were Eldridge v British Columbia, [1997] 3 SCR 624, 151 DLR (4th) 577 [Eldridge cited to SCR] and Vriend v Alberta, [1998] 1 SCR 493, 156 DLR (4th) 385 [Vriend cited to SCR]. 5 At least five adverse effects claims made under section 15 of the Charter failed in the intervening twentytwo years: Health Services and Support — Facilities Subsector Bargaining Assn v British Columbia, 2007 SCC
Cultural transmission and correlational selection in Late Period projectile points from the Puna of Salta, Argentina (CE 900 - 1500)
Authors: Varde María , Muscio Hernán Juan
Published: May 2021

This work proposes a methodology for documenting metric patterns of variation and trait correlation in Late Period (ca. CE 900-1500) projectile points from the Puna and pre-Puna of Salta, Argentina. In so doing, our main goal is to explain the patterns observed in terms of mechanisms of cultural evolution and selection over the design of the artefacts. We applied this methodology to assemblages of concave-based triangular projectile points from four archaeological sites whose chronologies are well established. As a result, we were able to document low degrees of variation, as well as high, positive, significant, Pearson co-variation and partial correlation coefficients between metrical traits. These results suggest a process of correlational selection that preserved an artefact design with a structure of highly integrated traits that maximised the edge-area in relation to the haft, turning these projectile points into very lethal weapons, even for potential use in interpersonal violence. This lends support to the hypothesis presented here, where replication of these projectile points occurred within a process of stabilizing cultural selection through biased transmission mechanisms that maintained the functional relations between the variables at the design scale, which in turn favoured the selection of artefacts suitable for effective weapons in a context where hunting was a strategy that optimized animal biomass acquisition, enhancing domestic herd viability.
Shine on you crazy diamond: Symbolism and social use of fluorite ornaments in Iberia’s late prehistory
Authors: Garrido-Cordero José Ángel , Odriozola Carlos P. , Sousa Ana C. , Gonçalves Victor S. , Cardoso João Luís
Published: May 2021

Fluorite ornaments have been recorded in different sites of Europe since Upper Paleolithic. Due to its visual appearance and physical properties, some translucent or transparent mineralogies like fluorite were searched for or casually acquired by late prehistory’s human communities. After intensive research on archaeological contexts from the Iberian Peninsula with personal ornaments from 4th to 2nd millennia BCE, we have recently identified and characterized for the first time an important number of fluorite ornaments, confronting a previous background where little attention was paid. Our work has been carried out in different archaeological collections and museums from the whole Iberian Peninsula by non-destructive techniques (Raman spectroscopy, portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), that revealed the nature of fluorite ornaments and points to its consideration as scarce and highly symbolic items during late prehistory. A total of 36 fluorite beads from 23 sites are here recorded and studied, many of them inedits or wrong catalogued as other mineralogies. These adornments could have important roles in trade and use among the communities of Iberia from the 4th millennium BCE onwards, because of their scarcity and its recurrent association with important funerary complex and exotic materials. Fluorite ornaments could have been significant and special symbols in the development of new and exclusive raw materials in the context of increasing social complexity and inequality.
Fractal mathematical over extended finite fields Fp[x]/(f(x))
Authors: Sandoval-Ruiz Cecilia E
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we have defined an algorithm for the construction of iterative operations, based on dimensional projections and correspondence between the properties of extended fields, with respect to modular reduction. For a field with product operations R(x) ⊗ D(x), over finite fields, GF[(pm)n−k]. With Gp[x]/(g(f(x)), whence the coefficient of the g(x) is replaced after a modular reduction operation, with characteristic p. Thus, the reduced coefficients of the generating polynomial of G contain embedded the modular reduction and thus simplify operations that contain basic finite fields. The algorithm describes the process of construction of the GF multiplier, it can start at any stage of LFSR; it is shift the sequence of operation, from this point on, thanks to the concurrent adaptation, to optimize the energy consumption of the GF iterative multiplier circuit, we can claim that this method is more efficient. From this, it was realized the mathematical formalization of the characteristics of the iterative operations on the extended finite fields has been developed, we are applying a algorithm several times over the coefficients in the smaller field and then in the extended field, concurrent form.
El giro climático en los Estados Unidos bajo Biden
Authors: Antal Fodroczy Edit
Published: May 2021

Tras la acción muy decepcionante durante el periodo de Donald Trump, cuando el medio ambiente, y en particular el asunto del cambio climático, han sido no solamente abandonados sino también retrocedidos, con el gobierno de Joe Biden hay una oportunidad para recuperar lo perdido y avanzar sustancialmente en la materia. El asunto del cambio climático tiene un aspecto internacional u otro nacional. El primero se relaciona con el grado de compromiso de los EE.UU. con el mundo y el multilateralismo, mientras que el segundo básicamente con la promoción de los sectores económicos de la industria de energía fósil versus los sectores a favor de la energía renovable. El plan Biden se basa en la idea de que la recuperación de la economía y la competitividad, así como el empleo e incluso la justicia social, están conectados entre sí y solo pueden ser logrados en el marco de un amplio proyecto económico y de inversión verde. El texto evalúa las condiciones políticas con las que contará el nuevo gobierno
Un modelo sísmico preliminar lateralmente heterogéneo del campo geotérmico de Cerro Prieto Baja California Norte
Authors: Madrid J. A. , Traslosheros C.
Published: May 2021

Para realizar un estudio de la estructura de velocidad de propagación de ondas P, se usaron alrededor de 125 eventos, registrados en el área Cerro Prieto, de 1977 a 1980, por la red telemétrica del CICESE. Los eventos fueron seleccionados con base en su posición con respecto a tres estaciones de la red que se encuentran prácticamente en línea y usados para construir curvas de tiempo de recorrido para diferentes secciones en el perm. La estructura en ese perm se supone representativa de la región donde se encuentra la zona geotérmica de producción. El análisis tiene el doble propósito de encontrar una estructura preliminar que sirva de base para posteriores investigaciones y a la vez, probar la efectividad de un método simple de trazado de rayos en medios bidimensionales heterogéneos. Puesto que los eventos sísmicos usados son naturales, nuestros resultados dependen en gran parte de la exactitud de las localizaciones previas de los eventos. En algunos casos los errores reportados son altos, y en otros el registro de eventos en las estaciones es incompleto o dudoso. Debido a esto, se procedió a hacer una primera aproximación, considerando la tendencia estadística de agrupación que muestran los hipocentros reportados. Se espera, de esta manera, poder iniciar un ciclo iterativo de relocalización de eventos y reparametrización del modelo tan pronto se disponga de nuevos y mejores instrumentos en la red o se localicen nuevos eventos. Adelantamos aquí nuestra conclusión de que nuevos experimentos con fuentes controladas, usando arreglos sísmicos más extensos, ayudarían a definir con precisión las fronteras entre corteza y sedimento. Estas podrían entonces correlacionarse con estructuras geológicas reales, como la posible conexión entre las parejas de fallas transformes San Jacinto-Elsinore, ImperialCerro Prieto, a la vez que identificar fallas asociadas a la conducción de fluidos térmicos y a otros fenómenos de interés geotectónico.
Coronavirus Disease in South Korea: Antibody Testing from the Perspective of Effective Quarantine Measures
Authors: Sim Insuk , Kang Yun-Jung
Published: May 2021

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which began in December 2019, spread rapidly across Asian countries in January and February 2020 and again after March 2020. COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is characterized by fever, cough, and dyspnea. On January 31, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Quarantine authorities are constantly working to prevent the spread of COVID-19. One of the control measures is preparing for national antibody testing, as another wave of infection is expected to occur in the fall of 2021. There are three reasons for antibody testing from a prevention perspective. First, it can identify people with asymptomatic infection. Second, it can detect whether neutralizing antibodies are produced in individuals who have already been infected. Third, it can confirm collective immunity at a community or population level. Considering the lack of effective antiviral drugs or vaccines, the strategy of implementing an effective antibody testing program is an important control measure to minimize the damage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
THE STUDENTS’ RESPONSES TOWARD THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PICTIONARY GAME IN TEACHING VOCABULARY TO THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS IN ONE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN CIMAHI
Authors: Kartini Indri , Kareviati Evie
Published: May 2021

This study is aimed to find out the students’ responses toward the implementation of Pictionary game technique in teaching English vocabulary to the seventh-grade students. The study was conducted at SMP Dharma Kartini. The students of VII C  class that consists of 38 students were selected as the participants of the research. The research used descriptive qualitative method. The data of the research was obtained from observation during the implementation of Pictionary game in the class and from the students’ interview that has conducted to 5 students. The result showed that Pictionary game technique is useful to draw the students’ motivation in learning English vocabulary. From the data of observation showed that the Pictionary game made the students more active to get involved in teaching and learning process actively. The students also showed good responses from the data of interview, they stated that learning by using Pictionary game was fun but also challenging which make them motivate in learning English. Thus, it can be concluded that Pictionary game is an attractive technique that can be used to motivate students in learning vocabulary and make the students to learn English vocabulary in a more fun and creative way.   Keywords:  Pictionary game, Vocabulary
AN ANALYSIS OF THE UTILIZING ZOOM APPLICATION TO ENGLISH LEARNERS’ SPEAKING SKILL MOTIVATION
Authors: Risma Sabila Nur
Published: May 2021

Speaking is one of the productive skills that should be learned and mastered by English learners which gives them the ability to communicate effectively in this global world. However, most learners face difficulties in learning English, especially in mastering speaking skills. The lack of motivation in learning English is the most common problem faced by learners. With the development of technology, employing Zoom Application in learning English is recommended for fun and exciting learning. This research aims to analyze how applying Zoom Application can improve English learners’ motivation to speak in English. The descriptive qualitative method is used in this research and to gain the data, the researcher used some instruments, there are questionnaires and interviews, which were carried out to 30 learners in English Zoom Club as subjects of the research. The result of this research suggested that applying Zoom Application is very interesting since it provides such motivating and stimulating activities for English learners. Moreover, using Zoom Application make English learners have an appropriate platform and new friends to practice improving their speaking skill at the same time. Keywords:  Speaking Skill, Motivation in Language Learning, Zoom Application
METAPHORICAL EXPRESSION USED IN POETRY IN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK ENTITLED "PATHWAY TO ENGLISH"
Authors: Ketaren Serefina Veronika , Br. Pakpahan Emma Martina
Published: May 2021

The aims of this research are to find out the types and meaning of metaphor in poetry in English textbook entitled “Pathway to English”. The main data of this research are 9 poetry in the English textbook entitled “The Seasons”, “The Little Rose Tree”, “Alpine Glow”, “From Alcuin”, “A Man Young and Old: Human Dignity”, “Love and Friendship”, “Mountain”, “My Star”, and “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”. In this research the researcher applied descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data. The researcher used theory of Parera to classify the types of metaphor and also used the metaphor identification procedure proposed by Pragglejaz to identify the metaphors contained in the poetry. The result showed that there are 22 lines that used metaphor, which 16 lines are anthropomorphic metaphor, 3 lines are synesthetic metaphor, 2 lines are metaphor abstract to concrete and 1 line is animal metaphor. The meaning of all these poetry is about life. By using metaphor the poet can also express their feelings to the reader to understand the implicit message contained in the poetry through the depiction or comparison made by the poet.
AN ANALYSIS OF ONLINE ASSESSMENT IN TEACHING ENGLISH
Authors: Wibowo Furqon Edi , Novitasari Umi
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to identify kinds of online assessment implemented by English teachers and to analyze the students‘perception of using online assessment in Tenth Grade of SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Surakarta in Academic Year 2019/2020. The researcher collected the data by questionnaire, interview, and documentation. The researcher used technique of analyzing the data by Miles and Huberman which have three phases. They are Data Reduction, Data Display, and Drawing Conclusion. For the trustworthiness of the data, the researcher used Methodological Triangulation. The result indicated that all English teachers have implemented variative online assessment through Google Form, Google Classroom, Edmodo, Quizzes, and Instagram. There are advantages, disadvantages, challenges face by the teacher applied online assessment such as designing the right assessment, controling the student in online, and got bad internet connection. Meanwhile, the students have positive and negative perception toward the implementation of online assessment. The positive perception showed that the student enjoyed the online assessment, obtained feedback immediately, flexible, time saving, effective, and more confident in doing online assessment. However, the student also had negative perception such as need internet data, less motivation, unfocussed, cheating, and need a longer time. Keywords:  Online Assessment, Kinds of Online Assessment, Students’ Perception
Gestão escolar, trabalho pedagógico e educação do campo: análise de um contexto
Authors: Moura Terciana Vidal , Neri Juliane Queiróz Muniz
Published: May 2021

A Educação do Campo vem conquistando um lugar de destaque na agenda das políticas públicas, inaugurando um outro olhar sobre o campo. O Movimento Por uma Educação do Campo é fruto do acúmulo de diversas experiências políticas, educativas e pedagógicas construídas historicamente pelo conjunto de movimentos populares do Brasil. A Educação do Campo apresenta-se como um paradigma transformador da sociedade que visa à emancipação dos sujeitos, à superação das relações de trabalho excludentes e produção de uma existência humana digna. Desse modo, a epistemologia da Educação do Campo vai exigir a transformação da escola, principalmente quanto à Gestão da escola/democratização do espaço escolar. Nesse sentido, o presente texto tem como foco trazer reflexões sobre a gestão escolar no cotidiano das escolas do campo. Traz um recorte de pesquisas finalizadas e em andamento vinculadas ao Grupo de Pesquisa Observale, Grafho e ao Mestrado Profissional em Educação do Campo da UFRB.
Can a high visceral adiposity index predict female sexual dysfunction in sexually active women? Results of a cross-sectional study.
Authors: Aşçı Ramazan , Bolat Mustafa , Dündar Cihad , Ozdemir Ayse Zehra , Atmaca Aysegul
Published: May 2021

Aims: To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the impact
of high visceral adiposity index on female sexual dysfunction (FSD). We
aimed to show the impact of increased levels of visceral adiposity index
(VAI) on FSD compared to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference
(WC). Methods: We included 158 participants in two groups: Group 1 (n=68
with normal sexual function) and Group 2 (n=90 with sexual dysfunction).
Demographic, clinic data, presence of metabolic syndrome (MeTS) and
comorbidities were recorded. The BMI, WC and the visceral adiposity
index were calculated. Sexual function was assessed using the female
sexual function index (FSFI). Results: The mean age and all the
anthropometric variables were similar between the groups
(p>0.05). Metabolic syndrome was associated with lower
arousal and lubrication scores than those without metabolic syndrome
(p=0.023). The higher VAI was associated with lower desire, lubrication
and orgasm scores (p<0.05). Each integer increase of the VAI
weakly predicted decrease of desire (p=0.015), arousal (p=0.015),
lubrication (p=0.005) and satisfaction (p=0.046). Conclusion: The VAI
was linked with lower scores in some female sexual function subdomains,
but the correlation coefficient was low, indicating a weak association.
Further studies with a higher number of participants are needed to
conclude that the VAI may increase the risk of FSD, particularly in
patients with metabolic syndrome.
Adaptive radiation and burst speciation of hillstream cyprinid fish Garra in African river
Authors: Levin Boris , Simonov Evgeniy , Franchini Paolo , Mugue Nikolai , Golubtsov Alexander , Meyer Axel
Published: May 2021

Adaptive radiation of fishes was long thought to be possible only in
lacustrine environments. Recently, several studies have shown that also
riverine and stream environments provide the ecological opportunity for
adaptive radiation. In this study, we report on a riverine adaptive
radiation of six ecomorphs of cyprinid hillstream fishes of the genus
Garra in a river located in the Ethiopian Highlands in East
Africa. Garra are predominantly highly specialized algae-scrapers
with a wide distribution ranging from Southeastern Asia to Western
Africa. However, adaptive phenotypic diversification in mouth type,
sucking disc morphology, gut length and body shape have been found among
these new species in a single Ethiopian river. Moreover, we found two
novel phenotypes of Garra (‘thick-lipped’ and ‘predatory’) that
were not described before in this species-rich genus (>160
species). Mitochondrial and genome-wide data suggest monophyletic,
intra-basin evolution of Garra phenotypic diversity with
signatures of gene flow from other local populations. Although sympatric
ecomorphs are genetically distinct and can be considered to being young
species as suggested by genome-wide SNP data, mtDNA was unable to
identify any genetic structure suggesting a recent and rapid speciation
event. Furthermore, we found evidence for a hybrid origin of the novel
‘thick-lipped’ phenotype, as being the result of the hybridization of
two other sympatrically occurring species. Here we highlight how, driven
by ecological opportunity, an ancestral trophically highly specialized
lineage is likely to have rapidly adaptively radiated in a riverine
environment, and that this radiation was promoted by the evolution of
novel feeding strategies.
Tegumentary leishmaniasis by Leishmania braziliensis complex in Bolivia: the presence of L. braziliensis outlier
Authors: Torrico Mary Cruz , Fernández-Arévalo Anna , Ballart Cristina , Solano Marco , Rojas Ernesto , Ariza Eva , Tebar Silvia , Lozano Daniel , Abras Alba , Gascón Joaquim , Picardo Albert , Muñoz Carme , Torrico Faustino , Gallego Montserrat
Published: May 2021

Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoans of the Leishmania genus,
which includes more than 20 species capable of infecting humans
worldwide. In the Americas, the most widespread specie is L.
braziliensis, present in 18 countries, including Bolivia. The taxonomic
position of the L. braziliensis complex has been a subject of
controversy, complicated further by the recent identification of a
particular subpopulation named L. braziliensis atypical or
outlier. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic analysis of
the L. braziliensis complex in Bolivia and to describe the
associated clinical characteristics. Forty-one strains were analyzed by
sequencing an amplified 1245 bp fragment of the hsp70 gene, which
allowed its identification as: 24 (59%) L. braziliensis, 16
(39%) L. braziliensis outlier and one (2%) L. peruviana.
In a dendrogram constructed, L. braziliensis and L.
peruviana are grouped in the same cluster, whilst L.
braziliensis outlier appears in a separate branch. Sequence alignment
allowed the identification of five non-polymorphic nucleotide positions
(288, 297, 642, 993 and 1213) that discriminate L. braziliensis
and L. peruviana from L. braziliensis outlier. Moreover,
nucleotide positions 51 and 561 enable L. peruviana to be
discriminated from the other two taxa. A greater diversity, was observed
in L . braziliensis outlier than in L. braziliensis-
L. peruviana. The 41 strains came from 32 patients with
tegumentary leishmaniasis, among which 22 patients (69%) presented
cutaneous lesions (11 caused by L. braziliensis and 11 by
L. braziliensis outlier) and ten patients (31%) mucocutaneous
lesions (eight caused by L. braziliensis, one by L.
braziliensis outlier and one by L. peruviana). Nine patients
(28%) simultaneously provided two isolates, each from a separate
lesion, and in each case the same genotype was identified in both.
Treatment failure was observed in six patients infected with L.
braziliensis and one patient with L. peruviana.
Can HLA type I and II alleles presence be associated with the clinical spectrum of CHIKV infection?
Authors: Rueda Juan C. , Santos Ana M. , Angarita Jose-Ignacio , Saldarriaga Eugenia-Lucia , Peláez-Ballestas Ingris , Espinosa Alejandro Silva , Briceño-Balcázar Ignacio , Arias-Correal Sofia , Correal José Arias , Villota-Erazo Catalina , Reyes Viviana , Bernal-Macías Santiago , Cardiel Mario H. , Londono John
Published: May 2021

Host immune response as well as virulence factors are key in disease
susceptibility. There are no known association studies of HLA class I
and II alleles with chikungunya (CHIKV) infection in Latin American
population. We aim to identify Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles
present in patients with CHIKV infection when compared to healthy
controls, as well as allele association with the clinical spectrum of
the disease. A cross-sectional analysis nested in a community cohort was
carried out. We included patients 18 years and older with serological
confirmation of CHIKV infection. HLA typing of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1
alleles was performed. Two-by-two tables were used to establish
associations between allele presence and clinical characteristics. Data
from 65 patients with confirmed CHIKV infection were analyzed for HLA
typing. CHIKV infection was associated with the presence of HLA-A*68,
HLA-B*35, HLA-DRB*01, HLA-DRB1*04 and HLA-DRB1*13 alleles with
statistical significance when compared to healthy subjects. A
statistically significant relationship was found between the presence of
rash in the face or the abdomen and the presence of HLA-DRB1*04. Our
study demonstrated that in our cohort, HLA type I as well as type II
alleles are associated with CHIKV infection, and specifically an HLA
type II allele with dermatological symptoms. Further research is needed
to set a path for future investigation on genes outside the HLA system
to improve knowledge in the pathophysiology of CHIKV infection and its
host-pathogen interaction.
Highly venerated icons in medieval Serbia
Authors: Miljkovic Bojan
Published: May 2021

The custom of venerating images that are believed to have healing and
protective powers also made its way to Serbia from Byzantium. These images
were usually icons of the Virgin, some of which continue to be objects of
cult even today. Others are known to us from visual and written testimonies.
The toponymic epithets inscribed on their copies are the most reliable proof
of the veneration they once enjoyed. These images can be classified into
three groups: the most famous sacred images of Constantinople and
Thessalonike; icons highly venerated in places that became part of the
medieval Serbian state during its expansion; and finally, those whose cult
originated in Serbia itself.
Élisée Reclus: movimento ácrata, educação e ensino de Geografia
Authors: Nabarro Sergio Aparecido
Published: May 2021

Este artigo integra uma pesquisa mais abrangente, ainda em andamento, sobre os avanços teóricos e metodológicos propostos pelo anarquista-geógrafo francês Jacques Élisée Reclus (1830-1905), para a compreensão da dinâmica social entre o final do século XIX e início do XX. O objetivo do trabalho aqui apresentado é analisar a contribuição do pensador para a construção do modelo de educação defendido pelos libertários, bem como da escola e do ensino de geografia aos moldes ácratas. Defende-se a tese de que a contribuição desse intelectual ocorreu no bojo de um processo mais amplo, voltado à construção de uma sociedade livre e não dogmática, amparado por uma rede de intelectuais dedicados à construção de uma base teórica que fundamentasse as premissas anarquistas voltadas à transformação social. Para isso, foi realizada uma extensa pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o movimento libertário europeu, bem como sobre a vida, obra e método de Reclus. Após a seleção, leitura e análise dos textos, realizou-se o cruzamento das informações históricas, políticas e metodológicas para subsidiar as análises da contribuição do pensador tanto para a consolidação do movimento libertário na Europa, quanto para a educação e o ensino de geografia.
Transorbital craniectomy for treatment of frontal lobe and olfactory bulb neoplasms in two dogs
Authors: Duncan Kathryn L. , Kuntz Charles A. , Simcock James O.
Published: May 2021

CASE DESCRIPTION

An 8-year-old spayed female Shih Tzu crossbreed dog (dog 1) and a 13-year-old neutered male Miniature Fox Terrier (dog 2) were evaluated for removal of neoplasms involving both the frontal lobe and olfactory bulb.

CLINICAL FINDINGS

Physical examination revealed decreased menace response and behavioral changes in both dogs. For dog 1, neuroanatomic localization of the lesion was the left forebrain region; for dog 2, neuroanatomic localization of the lesion was the right forebrain region. Both dogs underwent CT, and dog 1 also underwent MRI. Results of diagnostic imaging were consistent with frontal lobe and olfactory bulb neoplasia in both cases. Dog 1 had lysis of the frontal bone adjacent to the neoplasm.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME

Both dogs underwent a transorbital craniectomy to permit surgical tumor removal. Dog 1 was discharged from the hospital 48 hours after surgery, at which time its mentation and cranial nerve examination findings were considered normal. Dog 2 developed neurologic deterioration after surgery but was ultimately discharged from the hospital after 72 hours, at which time its mentation appeared normal.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The transorbital approach to the cranium provided excellent access to facilitate removal of frontal lobe and olfactory bulb neoplasms in these 2 dogs.
I manuali di italiano per autodidatti nella Polonia del primo Novecento – un caso esemplare: "Praktyczna metoda języka włoskiego" di F. Giannini e C. Moscheni
Authors: Jamrozik Elżbieta
Published: May 2021

Sullo sfondo delle caratteristiche generali dell’insegnamento delle lingue straniere in Polonia all’inizio del Novecento viene presentato il manuale di italiano Praktyczna metoda języka włoskiego di Fortunato Giannini e Carlo Moscheni. Si passano in rassegna la struttura del manuale e le varie metodologie che gli autori applicano nel corso dell’insegnamento al fine di mettere in risalto rispettivamente l’approccio contrastivo, filologico e pragmatico, nonché il valore delle informazioni sulla lingua e cultura italiana.Podręczniki do samodzielnej nauki języka włoskiego w Polsce w pierwszej połowie XX wieku na reprezentatywnym przykładzie "Praktycznej metody języka włoskiego" autorstwa F. Gianniniego i C. MoschenCelem artykułu jest przedstawienie specyfiki nauczania języka włoskiego w Polsce w pierwszej połowie XX wieku. Na tle ogólnej charakterystyki nauczania języków obcych język włoski – nie objęty programem nauczania szkolnego po odzyskaniu niepodległości – jawi się jako język niszowy, dlatego też publikowane w omawianym okresie podręczniki przeznaczone są w dużej mierze do samodzielnej nauki. Jako reprezentatywny dla tej kategorii został omówiony podręcznik Praktyczna metoda języka włoskiego autorstwa F. Gianniniego i C. Moscheni. Ilustrowana przykładami analiza przedstawia sposób, w jaki łączy on aplikację metody gramatyczno-tłumaczeniowej z elementami metod bezpośrednich, nakierowanych na wykształcenie kompetencji komunikacyjnych, odpowiadając w ten sposób na oczekiwania użytkownika języka włoskiego w tym okresie historycznym.
Un labirinto moderno nel Medioevo de "Il nome della rosa"
Authors: Testi Francesca
Published: May 2021

Il nome della rosa (1980) di Umberto Eco rappresenta uno degli esempi più perfetti di romanzo postmoderno italiano e unisce la tradizione storica con il molteplice della modernità. Proprio il labirinto-biblioteca nasce dalla combinazione tra storia, mito e immaginario letterario. Con questo oggetto romanzesco i costruttori del labirinto e i monaci dell’abbazia hanno creato un groviglio di spazi, libri e parole paragonabile ai labirinti di Joyce, Borges e Calvino. Il labirinto è un elemento fondamentale per l’avventura di Adso e Jorge anche perché diventa lo specchio di un secolo, il Novecento, e di una società ‘liquida’ e multiforme.Nowoczesny labirynt w średniowieczu w "Imieniu róży"Imię róży (1980) Umberta Eco, łącząc w sobie elementy tradycji historycznej i złożoność nowoczesności, stanowi jeden z najbardziej reprezentatywnych przykładów postmodernistycznej powieści włoskiej.. Labirynt-biblioteka jest kombinacją historii, mitu i wyobraźni literackiej. Poprzez tę fikcjonalną konstrukcję budowniczowie labiryntu oraz mnisi z opactwa stworzyli plątaninę przestrzeni, tekstów i słów porównywalną do labiryntów Joyce’a, Borgesa i Calvina. Labirynt stanowi również kluczowy element wątku Adsa i Jorgego, ponieważ niczym w lustrze odbija się w nim historia XX wieku i społeczeństwo płynnej nowoczesności.
The Predictors of Poor Outcomes of Ischemic Colitis, Including the Severity of Histopathological Features: A Four-Year Chart Review of 74 Consecutive Cases
Authors: G Mantovani , F Colpani , F Manguso , A Palumbo , G Lucchini , G Chiarioni , M De Angelis , L Boccia , CR Asteria
Published: May 2021

Purpose Ischemic Colitis (IC) can be transient or it can have evolving presentations that have a profound impact on outcome. Based on a chart review of cases, the aim of the study was to characterize the prevailing histological features of IC and to determine to what extent the severity of necrosis affected outcomes.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with IC who were referred to our department of surgery from 2013 to 2016. Moreover, the relationships among IC presentations, comorbidities and surgical procedures were surveyed. The severity of necrosis was investigated as the main histological feature, and a morphological criterion was used to grade necrosis from mild to severe differences between groups were determined with a univariate analysis, variables predicting death with a multivariate analysis and a flow-chart identifying clinical behavior.Results: Among 82 patients with an IC diagnosis, 74 (90.3%) were referred for surgical consultation, and 8 (9.7%) patients were not because they had fulminant IC. Comorbidities affected 53 (71.6%) patients. Ten (13.5%) patients underwent surgery, all of whom had severe necrosis, and 6 (60%) died perioperatively. The severity of necrosis impacted whether surgery was performed for evolving forms of IC (OR: 9.4, 95% CI: 1.8-48.8, p=0.002), the number of patients who had died by follow-up (OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.7, p=0.013), and the frequency of right-sided IC (χ-square 12.4, p=0.029); however, necrosis severity was not affected by the presence of comorbidities (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 0.724 to 7.124, p=0.154). Advanced age (OR: 1.119, 95% CI 1.015 to 1.234, P=0.023) and need of surgery predicted death (OR: 5.597, 95% CI 1.125 to 27.842, P=0.035). Conclusion: This study quantified to what extent the severity of histological findings affected poor outcomes and what factors predicted death. These findings allowed us to suggest prophylactic therapies for transient form of IC.
Instrumentos de política urbana e a responsabilidade dos municípios
Authors: Bazzoli João Aparecido , Alves Gomes Déborha Souza
Published: May 2021

A regularização fundiária urbana faz parte dos debates sobre ordenamento do território nas cidades brasileiras como um processo essencial para a garantia dos direitos sociais fundamentais e de moradia adequada. Portanto, coube a este estudo refletir sobre a atuação basilar dos municípios para a efetiva resolução deste problema. Este estudo objetivou, por meio de análise bibliográfica qualitativa, identificar pontos que destacam o compromisso institucional dos municípios e ratificam o seu dever em atuar na regularização fundiária urbana. Concluiu-se que possuímos caminhos que, se utilizados corretamente, possibilitarão promover e implementar a regularização fundiária urbana nas cidades brasileiras.
On Some Properties of Collaboration Graphs of Scientists in Math-Net.Ru
Authors: Печников Андрей Анатольевич , Чебуков Дмитрий Евгеньевич
Published: May 2021

A study of two graphs of scientific cooperation based on co-authorship and citation according to the all-Russian mathematical portal was conducted Math-Net.Ru. A citation-based scientific collaboration graph is a directed graph without loops and multiple edges, whose vertices are the authors of publications, and arcs connect them when there is at least one publication of the first author that cites the publication of the second author. A co-authorship graph is an undirected graph in which the vertices are the authors, and the edges record the co-authorship of two authors in at least one article. The customary study of the main characteristics of both graphs is carried out: diameter and average distance, connectivity components and clustering. In both graphs, we observe a similar connectivity structure – the presence of a giant component and a large number of small components. The similarity and difference of scientific cooperation through co-authorship and citation is noted.
Seasonal and Decadal Variability of Atmosphere Pressure in Arctic, its Statistical and Temporal Analysis
Authors: Беляев Константин Павлович , Михайлов Гурий Михайлович , Сальников Алексей Николаевич , Тучкова Наталия Павловна
Published: May 2021

The paper analyzes the statistical and temporal seasonal and decadal variability of the atmospheric pressure field in the Arctic region of Russia. Schemes for the frequency analysis of probability transitions for characteristics of stochastic-diffusion processes were used as the main research method. On the basis of the given series of 60 years long from 1948 to 2008, such parameters of diffusion processes as the mean (drift process) and variance (diffusion process) were calculated and their maps and time curves were constructed. The seasonal and long-term variability of calculated fields was studied as well as their dependencies on a discretization of the frequency intervals. These characteristics were analyzed and their geophysical interpretation was carried out. In particular, the known cycles of solar activity in 11 and 22 years were revealed. Numerical calculations were performed on the Lomonosov-2 supercomputer of the Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Derecho Indígena, su compatibilidad con los Derechos Fundamentales y su aplicabilidad en el sistema jurídico nacional
Authors: Albuja Quintana Rodrigo Alejandro
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo analiza al derecho indígena como derecho fundamental, reconocido por la Constitución de la Republica del Ecuador y por tratados internacionales. Se realizó un amplio estudio de la doctrina relacionada con este derecho consuetudinario, asimismo, se analizó la normativa legal desde el marco jurídico vigente en función de la realidad que viven las personas amparadas por el derecho indígena y el desapego de la ejecución de los preceptos constitucionales hacia este ordenamiento jurídico, la vulneración se vio reflejada en las sentencias emitidas por la Corte Constitucional del año 2014 en adelante. Téngase en cuenta que, la doctrina emitida por este alto órgano de interpretación constitucional conforma jurisprudencia vinculante. Hay que considerar que el derecho indígena por su carácter histórico y cultural requiere la aplicabilidad de su ordenamiento jurídico en contexto dentro del garantismo de un derecho ancestral, del que Ecuador está en el deber de facilitar su aplicación dentro de la agenda política nacional. La garantía de la aplicabilidad y efectividad del derecho indígena es una responsabilidad de las instituciones del derecho, de la academia y de la sociedad en su conjunto. Por tanto, se requiere situar a la justicia indígena, dentro del desempeño judicial de primera instancia como jueces constitucionales y de instancias superiores.
Contract Prices for Road Construction as a Function of Landform
Authors: WIĘCKOWSKI Andrzej
Published: May 2021

In the context of the terrain conditionings, the volatility of unit prices of road construction in Europe and Poland was analyzed. Onthe basis of the price volatility index of twelve contracts concluded in 2016 by the Directorate of National Roads and Motorways(DDKiA), there was little variation in the average construction prices of 1 km of technical class S expressways on flat and undulatingterrain, over a large area of Poland, above Wrocław and Lublin towards the north. However, also for the expressway, but inmountainous terrain in Małopolska, between Lubień and Chabówka, on three sections of S7, together with a length of 15.8 km,the coefficient of variation in unit prices was very large (5.7 times greater than in the flat and corrugated areas mentioned above).Among the reasons for this high price volatility, it was pointed out that it was necessary to adapt to difficult mountain conditions- through the use of specialized technical solutions, costly in implementation and other on almost every of these sections. Necessarywere, among others over a 2-kilometer tunnel (many times more expensive than the other sections of the route), intensivereinforcement of escarpments with ground nails (with a total length of over 350 km) and foundation of embankments on gravelcolumns, as well as construction of numerous flyovers, viaducts and bridges with a total length of 5,752 km. Attention was alsopaid to the necessity of taking into account the proportion of the tunnel’s length to the length of the remaining road section, as thisis a condition of correct expenditure analysis.
The impact of biohumus alkaline extract on growth and development of seedlings of ornamental woody plants
Authors: Garanovich I. M. , Blinkovskiy E. D.
Published: May 2021

The article describes the results of a study of the impact of biohumus alkaline extract on growth and development of woody plants seedlings. A positive impact has been found out. When biohumus alkaline extract is used, the height of Thuja occidentalis seedlings surpasses the target by 19.0 %, the length of root systems – by 13.3 %. These indexes for Spiraea x cinerea are 18.6 and 50.0 %, and for Taxus baccata – 9.0 and 23.1 % correspondingly.
Design solutions for gravity-independent heat pipes
Authors: Voitik O. L. , Delendik K. I. , Kolyago N. V.
Published: May 2021

Heat pipes with mesh wicks were designed (working liquid – water, envelope – copper tube). Wicks from the mesh of various weaves (plain, twill, leno and looped) with improved hydrophilic properties and secondary capillary structure were developed. Heat pipes are gravity-independent, adapted to work in various conditions of orientation and localization, and provide the transfer of high heat flux powers (up to 25 W/cm2 ). The peculiar properties of the developed heat pipes in contrast to the traditional heat pipes (with powder wicks) are: high performance characteristics, resistance to deep freezing; vibrostability.
Impact of weather conditions and sowing method on seed performance of meadow clover in the Middle Urals
Authors: Kasatkina N. I. , Nelyubina Z. S. , Fatykhov I. Sh.
Published: May 2021

Seed production of perennial leguminous herbs, including meadow clover (Trifolium praténse), is complicated due to the natural and climatic conditions of the region. In Middle Urals, only two to three years out of ten are favorable for seed production. Estimation of influence of the hydrothermal regime of the growing season and the sowing method has been carried out in the experimental crop rotation of the Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture, UdmFRC Ural Branch of the RAS with the seed grass stand of meadow diploid clover varieties Pelican and Trio, tetraploid variety Kudesnik It has been revealed that seed productivity of meadow clover on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil was more dependent on the prevailing hydrothermal regimes of vegetation periods, as well as on the variety’s ploidy. A relatively high seeds yield of the Pelican variety (2n) 444-593 kg/ha and Kudesnik variety (4n) 101-116 kg/ha was formed under conditions of insufficient and optimal moisture supply of the vegetation period with a hydrothermal coefficient of 0.67-1.41. With increase in hydrothermal coefficient p to 1.56-1.69, the seeds yield of the Trio variety (2n) decreased to 251-328 kg/ha, of the Kudesnik variety (4n) - to 77-91 kg/ha. Under the same conditions, according to the hydrothermal regime of vegetation, the Kudesnik clover variety formed a relatively larger number of stems and heads, however, the heads productivity was significantly inferior to diploid varieties, which ultimately affected its seed productivity. Sowing diploid varieties of meadow clover Pelican and Trio in the usual ordinary way (15 cm), tetraploid variety Kudesnik in a wide-row way (30 cm) allowed increasing seeds yield and thereby neutralizing the negative impact of weather factors. Sstudy of the seed formation features of meadow clover varieties differing in ploidy in contrasting agrometeorological conditions may be of interest in developing methods for optimizing their seed productivity.
Population of Pripyat Polesie in the 1st millennium AD
Authors: Dubitskaya N. N.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the history of the settlement of the Pripyat Polesye in the 1st millennium AD. The main attention is paid to the monuments of the first half of the 1st millennium AD, their dating and cultural identity. It is noted that at present the source study base does not allow to reliably “make ancient” the Slavic Prague culture in the Pripyat Polesie until the IV century. and associate it with the monuments of the post-Zarubinets circle. At the end of the III century BC tribes of the Zarubintsy culture came to the territory of Pripyat Polesye. This is the period of decline of the previous Milograd culture (VIII – III centuries BC). The “Milograd” features undoubtedly gave their specific features to the material culture of the Polesie Zarubintsy. By the middle of the 1st century. Zarubinets culture in Pripyat Polesie ceased to exist. It was believed that between the Zarubintsy culture and the Prague Slavic culture of the 5th–7th centuries there is a chronological gap.