bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Factors Affecting Saudi-Iranian Relations and Conflicts and Their Resulting Behavior Pattern
Authors: Alikhani Mahdi , Zakerian Mehdi
Published: August 2016

Relations between Tehran and Riyadh as two key players and two regional powers are of great importance. Special place of the two countries has caused relations between them to be very important in the formation of regional order in the Persian Gulf, the Middle East and Mediterranean area. Different behavior patterns in their relationship have taken place from the beginning of the relationship till now. After domestic, regional and international developments in 1999, Tehran and Riyadh went from divergence to the détente, coexistence and cooperation during the presidency of Hashemi Rafsanjani and Mohammad Khatami. However, since 2005 these two great neighboring countries again entered the competition, tensions and divergences. In this descriptive study, by using library method and reviewing online available resources conducted on Saudi-Iranian relations, our purpose is to investigate what were the effective factors in shaping the relations and conflicts between Iran and Saudi Arabia before the time Saudi Arabia cut diplomatic relations with Iran over the storming of the Saudi embassy in Tehran, and what behavior pattern these factors led to? According to results we found out that identical, geopolitical, and structural factors were the determinant factors in creating relations and conflicts between the two countries. Identity of Iran's political system is referred to Iranian-Islamic identity, while Saudi Arabia has Arabic-Islamic identity. Their geopolitical distinctions are related to Shiite and Sunni disciplines, and in terms of structure, rapprochement with U.S. and distribution of power in the Persian Gulf region are the most important indicators. These factors formed a “competitive conflict” behavior pattern among them.
Criminal Responsibility of Offenders with Personality Disorders with an Emphasis on Crime Psychological Factors
Authors: Milani Ali Reza , Gharibi Zahra
Published: August 2016

A variety of psychiatric disorders but dementia are among the issues discussed in criminology and can have a significant influence on the criminal responsibility of the perpetrators and the patients with such disorders and consequently on their criminal law. Mental disorders which encompass a wide range of mild, moderate, and severe neuropsychiatric illnesses are usually resulting from biological-psychological-social factors which make up a person's personal and social environment. Susceptibility to these disorders can be studied from different perspectives, including the law and criminal law perspective. Legislator with the knowledge and understanding of this issue has always made an attempt to lay down rules which fir this unfortunate phenomenon and has also taken measures in this regard. However, the achievements of medical sciences, especially psychology and psychiatry, suggest that some mental disorders, due to the expropriation of belonging, understanding, and determination, nullify the criminal responsibility and a number of disorders, due to having influence and pressure on reasoning, understanding, and decision-making, reduce the criminal liability. Due to lack of having influence on individuals' reasoning, understanding, and decision-making, some others do not have effect on criminal responsibility; however, they put mental health at risk.
Legal Research on the Right to Rest of Laborers
Authors: Song Min
Published: August 2016

In 2015, the central government issued a document on building the harmonious labor relations, which emphasized the right to rest of workers and rectified the current severe imbalance of labor relations. This document released a signal to guarantee the sustainable development of the labor force for the future. These measures, such as relative departments perfecting the legislation and law enforcement, the trade union performing their duties actively, employing units and workers raising their awareness and enhancing mutual understanding and branches of the government cooperating, can realize the right to rest of workers to the greatest extent possible.
Attribution of Liability among Multiple Tortfeasors under Negligence Law: Causation in Iran and England
Authors: Noee Elyas , Noee Mohammad , Mehrpouyan Azadeh
Published: August 2016

“Causation” possesses a considerable place in tort law of Iran and England particularly in the field of Negligence law. Existing differences in legal systems of Iran (as a Civil Law system) and England (as a Common Law system) make find a common perspective difficult to study causation but possible. This research focuses to compare causation in cases where more than one tortfeasors is involved in inflicting damage by negligence. This study also attempts to recognize differences and similarities between Iran and England in order to resolve ambiguities in Iran legal system through England legal system. The study was conducted in three sections including tortfeasors’ indenpendancy, tortfeasors’ contribution, and tortfeasors’ separate impact. This paper reports respectively: in case of tortfeasor independency, Iran law admits jointly and severally liability while England law offers a variety of approaches in various cases; in case of tortfeasors’ contribution, each tortfeasor is liable according to its effect on causing damage with few exceptions; and in case of tortfeasors’ separate impact, per tortfeasor is liable for inflicted damage which is only from oneself side. The results show England law can be considered to filling legal gap of Iran law regarding present identified differences and similarities.
Investigating the Custody in Shiite Jurisprudence and Civil Rights in France
Authors: Nazemi Mahdi , Salehi Abbas Ali
Published: August 2016

Custody in Islam is the procedure for child rearing, which effects his physical and material context. What kept custody of the child apart from other issues, is attention to the spiritual dimension of the child and considering the child needs. Child custody and disputes on it leads to be an important issue for parents in countries civil law. In civil rights it becomes as well as the important of religious orders and opinions of jurists, in this regard recommendations are provided on how to improve the supervision and laws of our country's children for a better life. Therefore, in this case, it is needed to examine the legal opinion regarding to the custody of the two legal systems of Iran and France. The first custody must be investigated and have priority to the custody of the father or mother. In Iranian Civil Code the right and duty of parents in custody knows some right and some homework. In French Civil Code custody of parents towards children in all areas of life for the growth, maintenance and education of children is common and conspicuous aspects of its obligatory. The exercise of the custody right is shared between parents and conditions are considered the parent with custody situations where their absence is excused. Parents under certain circumstances can have the right to self-disclaimer or leave to a third party to ask the court about the right.
Juridical (Legal) Study of Compensation of Delayed Payment (Remittance) of Cash
Authors: Amini Alireza , Bakhtiyari Reza
Published: August 2016

Compensation of delayed payment (remittance) is the harm caused by non-payment of debt (cash) in deadline to creditor which is one of the best examples of this issue in the banking. Receiving compensation for delayed payment (remittance), is a common and customary in the world and lack of it, strong enforcement to receive demands wouldn’t be there from debtors but in Islamic jurisprudence receiving additive payment on the principle of debt has been considered as an example of usury, thus considering the importance of the debate, a more detailed explanation seem necessary in view of jurists and the question is posed what is the Shiite jurists' arguments on this?
Of achievements of this study which has been done descriptive-analytic is the examination of arguments of adherents of permissibility or impermissibility of receiving compensation for delayed payment to compel the debtor to pay of his/her debt.
The Effect of Zionist Lobby on America's Foreign Policy towards the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Abdollahi Mojtaba
Published: August 2016

Undoubtedly, no country as America is the host and influenced of pressure groups, and because of the existence of the interests and valuation system in America, this issue has made decision making in foreign policy of this country difficult. Among pressure groups in America, Zionist lobbies seem to have the most influence in America's foreign policy. Based on this, it can be approximately said that America and Israel have had special ties after the World War II and AIPAC Group has always guaranteed the continuation of this relationship. A set of factors play role in forming foreign policy of each country internally, nationally and internationally that the outcome of these factors’ action and reactions will is presented as the outcome and "foreign policy". The United Sates of America’s foreign policy is also the same process, based on this according to the international relationships ideas which of the important levels in analyzing foreign policy of the United States of America is internal level whose one of its components is investigating the role of pressure groups in forming the foreign policy of this country, practically the activity of any groups isn’t as prominent and highlighted as Zionist lobby in this subject.
Therefore the author of this research is sought to investigate the effect of different shapes of Zionist lobby and the position and performance of this regime in America’s foreign policy towards Iran, hence the arrow of lobbying activities in the area of Iran is also evaluated; consequently in the process of the research, stating that influential element in the system of decision making in The United States of America about the role of stakeholder groups with a focus on Zionist lobby and the unwavering support of the United States from this lobby is undeniable.
Analysis and Review of Wife Inheritance and the Parents of the Deceased in the Religions with Holy Book
Authors: Behniafar Ahmad Reza , Eftekhariyan Maryam Saadat
Published: August 2016

To talk about human rights in the new and modern format and is one of the most important features of the contemporary era and in which, the rights of women is of particular importance. Elimination of legal discrimination due to gender, in different aspects of the life of human rights, with emphasis on women's rights forms the primary focus of all regional and international treaties and Declaration of women's rights. Defending financial rights of women including women's inheritance right is a critical argument.
With a careful study, we find that in various religions, wife inheritance is accepted and in divine religions (with the holy book). This issue has been respected and regarding form, there are similarities between the religions about the wife inheritance, However, apart from similarities, regarding essence, they have legislative differences. So in this seminar, the wife inheritance in divine religions is explained and analyzed, and comparative review of wife and parents estate of deceased in different religions is done so the problems in this regard can be obviated.
Citing Responsibility for Enforcement Despite Contractual Liability in Compensation Expense, Injured in Jurisprudence and Iranian Law
Authors: Hasani Alireza
Published: August 2016

Civil liability, contractual liability, and unconventional have two branches. If there is a contract between two or more persons and one of them committed a breach of contract (failure to perform, delay in performing the obligation) to and to harm the other party is incomplete and should the contract have contractual liability for damages cope. Where does harm to another person without a contract exists between them or if there is a contract, Inflict losses not related to the contract, the talk of non-contractual liability.

About whether contractual and non-contractual obligations is two different legal system or single legal system form, there is disagreement among the lawyers: Some distinguish these two systems from each other. But others believe that because the purpose of civil liability is to compensate for losses, these two are the single legal system.
By examining the different opinions, we see that both contractual and non-contractual liability system distinct from each other. And despite the contract, the victim can rely on the rules of non-contractual liability.
The Role of International Law and Observance of Its Regulations on Countries Economic Development
Authors: Akbari Bahman
Published: August 2016

The significance of poverty consequences in contemporary social system and the role of economic development in consolidating the basis of international peace and security led to conduct a research on factors affecting the establishment of development. The question - on the one hand–is that: what's the role of International law in economic development and -on the other hand- what's the relationship between observance of regulations of international law by governments and their economic development? Based on the theory of the formation of international law mechanisms derived from it must reflect Humanity's collective demands and in concrete manifestation must found norms that ensure and deepen human rights in the International scope. However, since the governments are considered the first and the most important subject of international law, the achievements obtained by international law cannot be apart from the governments actions, so that national sovereignties normativism and observance of regulations of international law- in line with multiple characteristics necessary for achieving economic development- are pivotal factors in the economic development.
Twin signed Roman domination numbers in directed graphs
Authors: Sheikholeslami Seyed Mahmoud , Bodaghli Asghar , Volkmann Lutz
Published: August 2016

Let $D$ be a finite simple digraph with vertex set $V(D)$ and arc set $A(D)$. A twin signed Roman dominating function (TSRDF) on the digraph $D$ is a function $f:V(D)\rightarrow\{-1,1,2\}$ satisfying the conditions that (i) $\sum_{x\in N^-[v]}f(x)\ge 1$ and $\sum_{x\in N^+[v]}f(x)\ge 1$ for each $v\in V(D)$, where $N^-[v]$ (resp. $N^+[v]$) consists of $v$ and all in-neighbors (resp. out-neighbors) of $v$, and (ii) every vertex $u$ for which $f(u)=-1$ has an in-neighbor $v$ and an out-neighbor $w$ for which $f(v)=f(w)=2$. The weight of an TSRDF $f$ is $\omega(f)=\sum_{v\in V(D)}f(v)$. The twin signed Roman domination number $\gamma_{sR}^*(D)$ of $D$ is the minimum weight of an TSRDF on $D$. In this paper, we initiate the study of twin signed Roman domination in digraphs and we present some sharp bounds on $\gamma_{sR}^*(D)$. In addition, we determine the twin signed Roman domination number of some classes of digraphs.
Librarian Involvement in Systematic Reviews at Queen’s University: An Environmental Scan
Authors: Ross-White Amanda
Published: August 2016

Introduction

Systematic reviews pose a growing research methodology in many fields, particularly in the health sciences. Many publishers of systematic reviews require or advocate for librarian involvement in the process, but do not explicitly require the librarian to receive co-authorship. In preparation for developing a formal systematic review service at Queen’s, this environmental scan of systematic reviews was conducted to see whether librarians receive co-authorship or other acknowledgement of their role in systematic reviews.

Methods

A search of the Joanna Briggs Database and both Medline and PubMed for systematic reviews with at least one Queen’s-affiliated author was completed. These were classified based on the level of acknowledgement received by the librarian involved in the search into three groups: librarian as co-author, librarian acknowledged and unclear librarian involvement. In instances where the lead author was Queen’s-affiliated, these were also categorized by their primary academic department.

Results

Of 231 systematic reviews published with at least one Queen’s-affiliated author since 1999, 32 listed a librarian as co-author. A librarian received acknowledgement in a further 36. The School of Nursing published the most systematic reviews and was most likely to have a librarian as co-author.

Discussion
Librarians at Queen’s are actively involved in systematic reviews and co-authorship is a means of valuing our contribution. Librarians appear to be more likely to achieve co-authorship when they have advocated for this role in the past. Success varies according to the cultural norms of the department.
ÍNDICES MICROMETEOROLÓGICOS E INTERNAÇÕES DE CRIANÇAS POR DOENÇAS RESPIRATÓRIAS EM SANTARÉM, OESTE DO PARÁ
Authors: Gomes Ana Carla dos Santos , Costa Gabriel Brito , Vale Roseilson Souza do , Santana Raoni Aquino Silva de , Batalha Sarah Suely Alves , Silva Júlio Tóta da , Fitzjarrald David Roy
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to attract associations between hospitalizations for respiratory diseases and micrometeorological index in the Santarém city, located in the West Pará region in the year 2010. It was used numbers of children hospitalizations with 0-4 years old and weather data variables (relative humidity, air temperature, precipitation, atmospheric pressure). Was calculated the Micrometeorological index, through principal component analysis, were each principal component is a linear combination of all the original variables, independent of each other and estimated in proposal to retain the maximum total variation information contained in the data; To detect the association we used generalized estimating equations that are used when you want to fit models for longitudinal data. The results suggest that the greatest number of admissions occurred in June coinciding with the transition period between the rainy and dry seasons. Statistically significant associations were observed, noting that the relative risk of 10% was captured for the increase in hospitalizations due to synergy of meteorological variables. This is expected to assist in the planning of public policies and environmental health.
ESCOAMENTO NA ESTEIRA DE TURBINAS EÓLICAS: ANÁLISE ESPECTRAL DA TURBULÊNCIA MEDIANTE TESTES EM TÚNEL DE VENTO
Authors: Wittwer Adrián Roberto , Dorado Rodrigo , Degrazia Gervásio Annes , Loredo-Souza Acir Mércio , Bodmann Bardo Ernst Josef
Published: August 2016

The interaction between the incident wind and wind turbines in a wind farm causes mean velocity deficit and increased levels of turbulence in the wake. The turbulent flow is characterized by the superposition of the wind turbine wakes. In this work, the technique of turbulence spectral evaluation to reduce scale models in a boundary layer wind tunnel is presented, and different measurements of velocity fluctuations are analyzed. The results allow evaluating the spectrum configuration at different frequency ranges and the differences of the spectral behavior between the incident wind and the turbine wake flow.
SENSIBILIDADE DO BACKGROUND DE AEROSSÓIS DO SISTEMA DE MODELAGEM CCATT-BRAMS NA PREVISÃO DE CURTO PRAZO
Authors: Ferrada Gonzalo Andrés Guajardo , Pardo Lianet Hernández
Published: August 2016

The difference between two simulations with different initial conditions in the CCATT-BRAMS modelling system in downward shortwave radiation at surface and cloudiness was studied for the zone corresponding to the state of Rondonia, on September 1 and 2, 2010, month in which was observed the greatest amount of fire outbreaks in the Amazon region. The difference in the initial configuration of the model was settled in activating aerosol background option in one of the simulations and turning it off in the other. No major differences in the fields of both analyzed variables and not much dependence with the amount of particulate matter in the atmosphere were observed. This was proved by calculating the correlation between aerosols and the changes of the variables in both simulations, showing low values (~0.2) within 48 hours studied.
MEDIÇÕES POR COVARIÂNCIA DE VÓRTICES TURBULENTOS DOS FLUXOS DE CALOR LATENTE, SENSÍVEL, MOMENTUM E CO2 SOBRE O RESERVATÓRIO DA USINA HIDRELÉTRICA DE CURUÁ-UNA – PA
Authors: Vale Roseilson Souza do , Santana Raoni Aquino Silva de , Silva Júlio Tóta da , Miller Scott Dennis , Souza Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de , Picanço Giórgio Arlan da Silva , Gomes Ana Carla dos Santos , Tapajós Raphael Pablo , Pedreiro Mário Rodrigues
Published: August 2016

Flux measurements of latent heat, sensible heat, momentum, and CO2 were performed from 15 to 26 June 2015 on the reservoir of the hydroelectric plant Curuá-Una (PA). The flux system is located upstream of the main channel of the reservoir and installed at 3 m above the water surface on a floating structure. The hydroelectric plant Curuá-Una was the first plant built in the Amazonia and it is in operation for almost 40 years. During installation, the vegetation around the river channel was not removed, which led to large emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The wind speed was important to maintain turbulent mixing mechanically. Latent heat flux showed significant correlation with the wind velocity (r = 82%). As a result of the combined effect of turbulent mixing generated thermally and mechanically, the latent and sensible heat fluxes were positive throughout the investigation period and the atmospheric surface layer remained unstable. The CO2 flow was predominantly negative (84%), characterizing the reservoir as a CO2 sink.
UMA SOLUÇÃO GENUÍNA DA EQUAÇÃO DE ADVECÇÃO DIFUSÃO COM FORMA SESQUILINEAR PARA PROBLEMA MULTI-FONTE
Authors: Gisch Debora Lidia , Bodmann Bardo , Vilhena Marco Túllio Menna Barreto de
Published: August 2016

The present work is a proposal for an alternative approach for pollution dispersion modelling, including some characteristics that may be associated to the phenomenon of turbulence. As a starting point we consider two axiomatic properties that shall lead to a model and its solution compatible with distributional descriptions. The first one states that a solution shall be semi-positive as expected for a distribution, whereas the second axiom demands for compatibility with coherent structures, which are implemented by the use of sesquilinear forms.
MULTI-OBJECTIVE CALIBRATION OF IBIS MODEL BY GENETIC ALGORITHM WITH PARAMETRIC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
Authors: Araújo Amarísio Da Silva , Velho Haroldo De Campos , Minjiao Lu
Published: August 2016

Atmospheric circulation models combine different modules for a good description of the atmospheric dynamics. One of these modules is the representation of surface coverage, since the dynamics depends on the interaction between the atmosphere and the surface of the planet. However, these modules depend on a number of parameters that need to be adjusted. The parameter adjustment process is called model calibration. In this study, the IBIS (Integrated Biosphere Simulator) model is calibrated following a multi-objective strategy. The Pareto set, which embraces the non-dominated solutions in the search space of objective functions, is determined by a version of multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The model sensitivity to the parameters is evaluated by the Morris’ method. Synthetic data for calibration were obtained from the Tapajós National Forest (FloNa Tapajós), located near to the 67 km from Santarém-Cuiabá highway (2,51S, 54,58W).
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE MODELS CALPUFF AND LAGRANGIAN LAMBDA WITH LINE SOURCE
Authors: Degrazia Franco Caldas , Vilhena Marco Túllio Menna Barreto de , Degrazia Gervásio Annes , Bodmann Bardo
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study is to compare the CALPUFF and LAMBDA models and evaluate the regulatory model CALPUFF accuracy in situations of line instant source emissions. Line source emissions exist in a variety of situations in the environmental field. Paved and unpaved roads are the most common examples of line sources. For instance, in the mining sector these two types of sources play an important role of anthropogenic influences in the environment. The OLAD experiment is appropriate to evaluate these models and check the accuracy of both. The CALPUFF results show in the simulations for short and long distances a systematic tendency of sub-prediction for the concentration. The LAMBDA model presented better accuracy in the prediction of natural pollutant dispersion even disregarding the spatial variability of meteorological field and topography. When the LAMBDA model is used the flow of pollutants to greater distances is less pronounced, especially because of the time step of one second adopted in the simulation.
ADVANCES IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH WIND EVENTS IN URUGUAY
Authors: Durañona Valeria , Guggeri Andrés , Orteli Sofía
Published: August 2016

Uruguay belongs to the second most prone region of the world to the occurrence of severe convective storms, which also includes the south of Brazil, north-eastern Argentina and part of Paraguay; and to the region of South America that presents the highest frequency of occurrence of intense cyclogenesis events. Both meteorological processes produce high winds in the country. In spite of its strength, the last study at national level of high winds in the whole country had been conducted more than 30 years ago, during the development of the national wind code still in use. The installation along the last years of a network of automatic meteorological stations that measure continuously with a good temporal resolution, geographical distribution and data quality offered adequate information to start a characterization and new analysis of these events. The analysis of their data clearly showed that most high wind events (defined as those with wind gust speeds at 45m height ≥ 22.2m/s) are non-synoptic and usually occur during severe convective activity. Higher winds and more frequent high wind events are found to the northwest of Uruguay. On the other hand, around 70% of the high wind events occur during spring and summer.
MÉTODO DE PÓS-FECHAMENTO DO BALANÇO DE ENERGIA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DOS FLUXOS DE MODELOS DA SUPERFÍCIE TERRESTRE
Authors: Valente Fabíola Carolina Pereira , Tatsch Jônatan Dupont , Roberti Débora Regina , Teichrieb Claudio Alberto , Diaz Marcelo Bortoluzzi , Rubert Gisele Cristina Dotto , Aimi Daniele Morgenstern
Published: August 2016

In this work, an analysis of the uncertainty of energy flux resulting from post-closure methods of the energy balance: H Method, LE method and Bowen method for the data observed in native grass area of the Pampa biome, located in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. From these three methods suggest a new one, which we call the Combined Method. This method takes into account the quality classes of eddy covariance to choose the correct method to be applied. The uncertainties of flux were obtained by the difference between the fluxes corrected by one of the post-closure methods and the raw fluxes. The maximum values of the uncertainties occur during the daytime. Regarding the combined method, the highest percentage of cases resulted in the application of correction by Bowen method, followed by the LE method and with less occurrence Method H. Thus, this method can be considered valid to evaluate the uncertainty of simulated fluxes over land surface models.
DATA ASSIMILATION BY ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER WITH THE LORENZ EQUATIONS
Authors: Quadros Regis Sperotto de , Harter Fabrício Pereira , Buske Daniela , Pereira Larri Silveira
Published: August 2016

Data Assimilation is a procedure to get the initial condition as accurately as possible, through the statistical combination of collected observations and a background field, usually a short-range forecast. In this research a complete assimilation system for the Lorenz equations based on Ensemble Kalman Filter is presented and examined. The Lorenz model is chosen for its simplicity in structure and the dynamic similarities with primitive equations models, such as modern numerical weather forecasting. Based on results, was concluded that, in this implementation, 10 members is the best setting, because there is an overfitting for ensembles with 50 and 100 members. It was also examined if the EnKF is effective to track the control for 20% and 40% of error in the initial conditions. The results show a disagreement between the “truth” and the estimation, especially in the end of integration period, due the chaotic nature of the system.  It was also concluded that EnKF have to be performed sufficiently frequently in order to produce desirable results.
INFLUENCE OF SETTLING VELOCITY OF PARTICULATE MATTER ON GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: Tirabassi Tiziano , Moreira Davidson Martin
Published: August 2016

The settling velocity and deposition of particulate matter on the earth's surface has been introduced in an analytical solution of advection-diffusion equation. The influence of particle diameters in ground level concentration distribution was investigated in function of different atmospheric stability condiyions
ANÁLISE DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DO VENTO SOBRE A FLORESTA NACIONAL DO TAPAJÓS, PARÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Tapajós Raphael Pablo , Silva Rodrigo Da , Machado Wilderclay Barreto , Santana Raoni Silva de , Vale Roseilson Do , Ferreira-Junior Miércio Jorge
Published: August 2016

The atmospheric circulation of the Tapajós River region has unique characteristics due to influences of forests, agricultural fields, rivers and urban areas. The study with regard to the wind field in two different points in National Forest Tapajós (FNT) shows that there are significant differences in wind direction at those points. Identifying and quantify of the North and South canalization, and westerly winds, give important indications for studying the influence of different areas on the FNT. The results show that the occurrences of drains and west winds are more present during the rainy season and occur more during the day. Furthermore, in Jamaraquá station nearest to the River, the influence of channeling and west winds are greater, which can be due not only proximity of river but also the topographical features.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DO REGIME HÍDRICO E TÉRMICO DE DOIS SÍTIOS EXPERIMENTAIS NO PAMPA
Authors: Teichrieb Cláudio Alberto , Oliveira Pablo Eli Soares de , Zimmer Tamires , Maboni Cristiano , Santos Daniel Michelon dos , Roberti Débora Regina , Zimermann Hans Rogério
Published: August 2016

In the last 15-20 years has greatly increased research on the problem of climate change, necessitating a demand for reliable measurements of absorption and emission of carbon dioxide, methane, as well as the impact on water resources. In the biome Pampa are the largest continuous natural field extensions, requiring a monitoring of water and temperature regime on the ground. The water content of the soil has spatial and temporal variability affecting many hydrological processes and determining this is needed since the soil store and provide the water and nutrients for the plants, thus involving relationships water-soil-plant-atmosphere. In this work, we compared the water content behavior of the soil at depths of 10, 30 and 50 cm, the temperature of the soil at depths of 5, 15 and 30 cm, heat flux in soil installed 10 cm deep and the thermal conductivity was determined in two experimental sites in the Pampa biome, for the period 01.01.2015 to 06.31.2015. It was found that there are differences between the sites in the capacity to retain moisture in the soil and in the ability to store energy in the soil for the study period.
PARTIÇÃO DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO PARA UMA CULTURA DE MILHO
Authors: Diaz Marcelo Bortoluzzi , Roberti Debora Regina , Rubert Gisele Cristine , Webler Geovane
Published: August 2016

Crop transpiration is directly related to its production. Plant transpiration varies along the crop cycle and in most part of this cycle is the dominant component in evapotranspiration. There are several well-established techniques to estimate these components individually. Currently, the eddy covariance technique is widely used for measurements of evapotranspiration. However, this technique is unable to identify the flow of water between the surface and the atmosphere has its origin by evaporation from soil or plant transpiration. A new methodology based on the efficiency of water use by the plant is being used successfully. This technique determines how much water is transpired to each carbon molecule attached to the plant. This efficiency ratio is obtained by the difference of external and internal concentration on stomatal cavity of CO2 and H2O. In practice, external concentration of carbon and water is obtained from the infra-red gas analyzers used to obtain data in eddy covariance technique. In this work, the evapotranspiration for a maize crop in southern Brazil is partitioned and compared to the surface model AGRO-IBIS. Results show that the maximum development of the plant transpiration is approximately 70% of evapotranspiration.
TROCA ESTRATOSFERA-TROPOSFERA COMO UMA FONTE DE OZÔNIO PARA A CAMADA LIMITE PLANETÁRIA
Authors: Santos Letícia De Oliveira dos , Peres Lucas Vaz , Puhales Franciano Scremin , Anabor Vagner , Pinheiro Damaris Kirsch
Published: August 2016

Stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) events were identified over southern Brazil acting as a stratospheric ozone source to the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) during 2011-2013 period. There were 13 events with direct influence between 29° and 31° S (center of Rio Grande do Sul), with increase in ozone total column. In these cases, 4 occurred in 2011, 5 in 2012 and 4 in 2013. They were divided: in relation to the exchange latitude, the upper-level Jet Stream act, altitude of source and arrive of air parcels. The air parcels cross the tropopause between 120 and 320 hPa (dynamic tropopause), entering troposphere until the lower troposphere. Most cases (30,8%) reached 1000 hPa and the rest between 600 and 900 hPa. Just in one day the STE occurred in a lower latitude than 29° S; in all the other days (92,3%), STEs occurred in higher latitudes than 31° S (the closer it gets to the pole, the bigger is the ozone concentration, except in Ozone Hole Influence events) or between 29° and 31° S. In most cases (61,5%) it was observed STE along with the Jet Streak act.
COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE OS DADOS DE VENTO DAS REANÁLISES METEOROLÓGICAS ERA-INTERIM E CFSR COM OS DADOS DAS ESTAÇÕES AUTOMÁTICAS DO INMET NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Stüker Eduardo , Schuster Cristiano Henrique , Schuster Jean Jonathan , Santos Daniel Caetano , Medeiros Luis Eduardo , Costa Felipe Denardin , Demarco Giuliano , Puhales Franciano Scremin
Published: August 2016

Wind power is currently one of the sources of electricity the fastest growing worldwide. However, especially in Brazil, it is still very difficult to locate areas with reliable winds for the implementation of a wind farm, because there is not enough data density that guarante the wind farm efficiency. Thus, the development of models that simulate wind conditions are extremely important for studies and research in this area. In this way, weather reanalysis data can be used as input into high-resolution regional models, for example. Therefore, this work presents a study comparing two sets of weather Reanalysis of wind data - ERA-Interim and CFSR - with measured data from automated weather stations of the National Institute of Meteorology in the Rio Grande do Sul state in order to obtain the coefficient correlation of data from reanalysis with data measured for each measurement point and for every season. For better visualization of the correlation results, it is also built contour maps with correlation coefficient where can be seeing that the best performance of the CFSR reanalysis.
ERROS DO MODELO WRF ASSOCIADOS ÀS PARAMETRIZAÇÕES DE TURBULÊNCIA EM NOITES FRACAMENTE ESTÁVEIS
Authors: Battisti Adriano , Costa Felipe Denardin , Acevedo Otávio Costa , Guerra Viviane Da Silva , Dill Thaís Freitas
Published: August 2016

The quality of nocturnal temperatures forecast by different parameterizations of the atmospheric boundary layer is evaluated. To do that, the WRF model is used. Three different turbulence representation have been considered: Bougeault-Lacarrère (BOULAC), Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (MYJ) and Yonsei University (YSU). For YSU and BOULAC the forecast have been evaluated with a grid spacing of 12 km and for MYJ a grid spacing with 12 km and one with 4 km, centered on state of Rio Grande do Sul, in south Brazil. The more turbulent nights have been used, the less stables, to investigate what is the problems associated to the forecast error in this environment. The Richardson number parameter was the responsible by class the nights according to its stability. The errors are compared with the quality of wind speed forecast and stability parameters. The comparison shows which the model consistently underestimate nocturnal temperatures in these nights and the resolution upgrade did not work in a significative forecast improvement. Furthermore, the windy speed error in the situations with less stability is small. That indicates a existence of a problem associated with the turbulence solution by the atmospheric boundary layer schemes in this type of environment.
WRF-CHEM SIMULATION OF A SAHARAN DUST OUTBREAK OVER THE MEDITERRANEAN REGIONS
Authors: Rizza Umberto , Anabor Vagner , Mangia Cristina , Miglietta Mario Marcello , Degrazia Gervasio Annes , Passerini Giorgio
Published: August 2016

A fully coupled meteorology-chemistry-aerosol model (WRF-Chem) is applied to simulate the Saharan dust outbreak over the Mediterranean regions. Two dust emission schemes, namely, those of Jones et al., (2010), and Shao (2001) are evaluated using the the GOCART aerosol model. To investigate the performance of each dust emission scheme, a case study was carried out for a Mediterranean dust event that took place between 21 and 23 May 2014. Considering the time average Aerosol Optical Depth, simulation results reproduced satisfactorily the outbreak and transport pattern of dust plumes. However, the estimated dust emission amounts in each scheme differ greatly due to the presence of several tuning parameters, that must be adjusted considering satellite and ground based experimental data.
OCORRÊNCIA DE INTERMITÊNCIA NA TRANSIÇÃO LAMINAR-TURBULENTA EM UM ESCOAMENTO DE COUETTE PLANO
Authors: Schuster Jean Jonathan , Schuster Cristiano Henrique , Stüker Eduardo , Rodrigues Áttila Leães , Medeiros Luiz Eduardo , Costa Felipe Denardin
Published: August 2016

The transition from laminar-turbulent flow regime is important in most of the fluid mechanics application areas. In the planetary boundary layer (PBL), the flow is predominantly turbulent. However, shortly after sunset, the incidence of solar radiation ceases and the surface begins to lose heat through the emission of long-wave, yielding in a thermical stratified stable boundary layer (SBL), where turbulence can be suppressed in almost all scales. Under these conditions the production of turbulence is predominantly mechanical, and at nights with strong stratification, the turbulent activity is reduced by several orders of magnitude and can rise abruptly in unpredictable ways, giving origin to a phenomenon known as global intermittency. The globla intermittency is a phenomenon that occurs in the transition flow in the PBL, similarly to intermittency which occurs in the laminar-turbulent transition. Thus, this work aims to develop a numerical experiment to reproduce the laminar-turbulent transition in a thermally stratified Couette flow, using a large eddy simulation model. The simulations show that for a certain range of parameters during the transition laminar-turbulent, turbulence appeared intermittently in the flow.
DETERMINAÇÃO DA ALTURA DA CAMADA LIMITE PLANETÁRIA NA FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA UTILIZANDO UM CEILOMETER
Authors: Kaufmann Thomas , Carneiro Rayonil , Fisch Gilberto
Published: August 2016

This study aimed to determine the average maximum height of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) through data obtained by ceilometer in the Amazon rainforest region. Used data used are from the GoAmazon Project located next to the Manacapuru municipality in the state of Amazon. Data obtained by the ceilometer for PBL height to 45 days of being analyzed rainy season (IOP1) and 45 days of drought station (IOP2) both in the year 2014. It was found that the ceilometer presented data consistent with that expected for the region. The maximum recorded were 1.245 (IOP1) and 1.685 (IOP2), it was observed that the erosion of the CLN was slower in IOP1. While the transition from CLC for CLN was longer in IOP2. ), it was observed that the erosion of the CLN was slower in IOP1. While the transition from CLC for CLN was longer in IOP2.
ESTUDO DA PRODUÇÃO DE ENERGIA EÓLICA A PARTIR DE MEDIÇÕES ANEMOMÉTRICAS DA ESTAÇÃO DE CRAÍBAS/AL E SIMULAÇÕES COM O MODELO WASP
Authors: Oliveira Thays Paes de , Silva Junior Rosiberto Salustiano da , Lyra Roberto Fernando Fonseca , Holanda Sandro Correia
Published: August 2016

Wind energy is seen as one of the promising generation of electricity, as a source of cheap and renewable, is benefit to reduce the environmental impacts of the dam. Along with the hydroelectric networks, the energy produced by the wind will help to increase power generation capacity in the country. That from speed data and direction municipality Wind Craíbas in the corresponding period 2014 - 2015, estimated the wind potential of the region. The tool used in the treatment of the collected data was the Wasp, making simulations of three different levels of measurement, producing a fictitious wind farm with powerful wind turbine. With the model, WASP helps estimate the probability distribution of Weibull and scale parameters A and K. he predominant wind direction is southeast and the best wind power and intensity density levels took place in 70m and 100m high , with about 201 W / m² and 243 W / m² respectively. But when evalua ted the inclusion of fictitious wind farm, the best use happened at 100m tall with production around 73.039 GWh , which can be attributed this improvement to increased efficiency of the wind turbine used in the simulation.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CANOPY TURBULENCE AND VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF REACTIVE GASES IN THE CENTRAL AMAZON RAINFOREST
Authors: Wei Dandan , Ruiz-Plancarte Jesus , Freire Livia Souza , Gerken Tobias , Chamecki Marcelo , Fuentes Jose , Stoy Paul , Trowbridge Amy , Santos Rosa Nascimento dos , Acevedo Otávio Costa , Dias Nelson Luis
Published: August 2016

Ozone plays a crucial role in the chemistry of the tropical atmospheric boundary layer. In the rainforest, ozone sources and sinks are complex due to numerous chemical reactions and surface deposition. Turbulent transport controls the vertical distribution of ozone. A field study in the Amazonia, near Manaus, Brazil during 2014 shows different shapes of ozone profiles as a response to changes in air turbulence during night-to-day and day-to-night transitions. During the night-to-day transition following sunrise ozone levels increase within the canopy due to photochemical production and increased vertical mixing. The vertical transport of ozone to the lower layers of the canopy is enhanced after the thermal inversion in the canopy disappears. At night, the ozone deposition to the ground and the foliage in the lower canopy is strong. After midnight, the lower canopy is devoid of ozone. Relatively high gradients of ozone levels within the forest during the nighttime also result from the decoupling between the in- and above-canopy environment that limits the forest-atmosphere ozone exchange. Processes responsible for the vertical distribution ozone are necessary to estimate the oxidation of the plant-emitted gases whose reaction products are aerosol precursors.
OBSERVAÇÕES SOBRE A MODULAÇÃO DA CAMADA LIMITE ATMOSFÉRICA MARINHA DEVIDA À PASSAGEM DE UM SISTEMA FRONTAL NO ATLÂNTICO SUDOESTE
Authors: Rossato Fernando , Souza Ronald Buss de
Published: August 2016

Between 6-9 December 2012, the Oceanographic Vessel Alpha Crucis took oceanographic stations in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean in support to both SAMOC and ACEx projects. During the research cruise, the vessel performed measurements with the release of weather balloons. From the data collected by the radiosondes, it was possible to verify the variability of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) in the area and period of study. From meteorological and oceanographic data, it was possible to estimate the latent and sensible heat fluxes from bulk parameterization. During an episode of formation of an extratropical cyclone, the results ,of this work demonstrate the impact of the synoptic conditions influencing the evolution of the MABL. During the prefrontal condition a stratification of the MABL was verified. The  latent and sensible heat fluxes directed from the ocean to the atmosphere were low or negative (from the atmosphere to the ocean). During the post frontal condition, the MABL was well developed with a 1200 m height and the latent and sensible heat fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere  were more intense. These observations are fundamental to widen our understanding on the physical processes occurring at the ocean-atmosphere interface and have primary importance for the weather and climate forecast of the south-southwestern region of Brazil.
MODELO PARA DISPERSÃO DE POLUENTES NA ATMOSFERA COM REFLEXÃO NOS CONTORNOS ESTOCÁSTICOS
Authors: Loeck Jaqueline Fischer , Bodmann Bardo Ernst Josef , Vilhena Marco Túllio Menna Barreto de
Published: August 2016

The present work presents an analysis of the influence of stochastic components when introduced in a deterministic model. For this purpose, the advection-diffusion equation is solved via Fourier transform, which has infinite domain, and then the infinite domain is limited by reflection at the ground and at the atmospheric boundary layer limit. These reflections may be reflecting the pollutant material completely or partially. The results obtained with this model were validated with the Copenhagen experimental data.
ACOPLAMENTO BRAMS-WW3 PARA PREVISÃO DE ONDAS OCEÂNICAS
Authors: Ruiz Renata Sampaio da Rocha , Maita Rosio Del Pilar Camayo , Velho Haroldo Fraga de Campos , Freitas Saulo , Innocentini Valdir
Published: August 2016

A version of the coupled ocean waves WaveWatch III (WW3) model with mesoscale meteorological model BRAMS is presented. The WW3 is a model for waves forecasting. The BRAMS model is used for numerical weather prediction over South America, with horizontal resolution of 5 km. Both models are executed operationally by the CPTEC-INPE. The boundary conditions for the BRAMS model are provided by the global atmospheric circulation model of the CPTEC-INPE. The simulation with BRAMS for14/Oct/2014 generated a wind field with better agreement with the observations (satellite Metop-A, ASCAT sensor) to the coast of southeastern Brazil) than the field wind generated by the SFM model. The simulation with wind field generated by BRAMS produces higher waves than ones predicted with GFS wind field.