bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite vs. non-finite complementation in Post-classical and Early Byzantine Greek
Authors: Bentein Klaas
Published: May 2017

While Classical Greek has a particularly rich complementation system, in later times there is a tendency towards the use of finite complementation. In this context, Cristofaro (1996) has claimed that the Classical opposition whereby the accusative and infinitive is used for non-factive complements, and ὅτι with the indicative and the accusative and participle for factive ones, is disappearing, ὅτι being used as a ‘generic’ complementiser. In this article, I investigate to what extent Cristofaro’s (1996) claim of the pragmatic neutralisation of complementation patterns can be upheld, and whether it could be claimed that a new pragmatic opposition, in terms of ‘register’, is being established. For this purpose, I turn towards documentary papyri, a corpus which is particularly fruitful for socio-historical investigations.
Auxiliary verb constructions and clitic placement
Authors: Liosis Nikos
Published: May 2017

The Tsakonian clitic system possesses a clitic auxiliary with the same syntactic and prosodic properties as the object clitic pronouns with which it may cluster preverbally or postverbally. The clitics of the two Tsakonian subdialects (Peloponnesian Tsakonian and Propontis Tsakonian) differ typologically since the latter has second position clitics but the former does not. It is shown here that Peloponnesian Tsakonian clitics do not simply constitute a mixed system in a state of transition between the inherited Medieval Greek enclitics and SMG proclitics, because of certain peculiarities they show. In particular, circumclitics and split clitics have arisen, and second position clitics are retained not as free variations but as elements whose placement depends on strict prosodic and/or syntactic conditions.
From the Descriptive to the Normative: Towards a Practical Theology of the Charismatic-Evangelical Urban Church
Authors: Wier Andy
Published: May 2017

This article explores the relationship between ‘descriptive’ accounts of contemporary ecclesial practice and ‘normative’ claims of theological truth. It argues that practical theology needs to give more attention to the way that the tensions between these two voices or tasks are negotiated. A case study is provided of a research project that attempted to move beyond the descriptive to the normative by articulating a theological response to tensions that charismatic-evangelical urban churches experience. This study illustrates both the methodological challenges and benefits of combining the descriptive and the normative in studies of the Church. It also points to the possibility of a more fruitful charismatic-evangelical engagement with practical theology.
Dendrobium chiangdaoense (Orchidaceae), a new species from Thailand
Authors: PROMMANUT PHATTARAVEE , KIDYOO MANIT , BUDDHAWONG WINS , SUDDEE SOMRAN
Published: May 2017

Dendrobium chiangdaoense, a new species belonging to Dendrobium section Stachyobium is described and illustrated. It is only known from the type locality in mixed deciduous forest at ca. 800 m elev. on limestone hills in Chiang Dao District, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. It most closely resembles D. dixonianum, a more widespread northern Thailand species occurring in upper montane rain forest at 1,650–1,800 m elev.
Phrynium yunnanense (Marantaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China
Authors: FU LIN , YE YU-SHI , LIAO JING-PING
Published: May 2017

Phrynium yunnanense, a new species from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is closely related to P. hainanense T.L.Wu & S.J.Chen and P. pedunculiferum D.Fang, but it is distinguished by having long peduncle (20–45 cm), bright orange bracts and fruits. A comparison table and the line illustration are presented.
Review of the Genus Ambotingis Drake and Ruhoff (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae)
Authors: KNUDSON ALEXANDER H. , RIDER DAVID A. , KNODEL JANET J.
Published: May 2017

Dictyla ainsliei (Drake and Poor) is transferred to the genus Ambotingis Drake and Ruhoff, redescribed, and reported from Costa Rica for the first time. Ambotingis senta (Drake and Hambleton) is also diagnosed, and a key for the separation of the two species is provided.
Redescription of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877) (Caridea, Palaemonidae)
Authors: VERA-SILVA ANA LUIZA , CARVALHO FABRÍCIO LOPES , MANTELATTO FERNANDO LUIS
Published: May 2017

Macrobrachium jelskii is a freshwater shrimp endemic to South America, occurring in all major Brazilian basins. It is used in various activities, such as fishing, fishkeeping and even as food for humans and animals, and therefore its distribution is affected by anthropic influence. Misidentification of M. jelskii is recurrent because of its morphological similarity to some sympatric species such as M. amazonicum and M. acanthurus. Thus, the aim of this study is to redescribe M. jelskii, proposing some characteristics that allow for a clearer differentiation of this species when compared to other similar congeneric species that occur in South America. The informative characters were the size and the shape of the rostrum, the ratio of the carpus and chela, the ratio of the chela and carapace length and the shape of the carpus of the second pereiopod, as well as the ratio between the length of the internal pair of posterior spine of telson and median apex of the posterior margin of telson. Although the intraspecific variability is high, the combination of the characters mentioned herein, including a morphological key, is very useful and makes it easier to differentiate between these three species.
Description of Metopiellus painensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), first troglobitic Pselaphinae from Brazil
Authors: ASENJO ANGÉLICO , FERREIRA RODRIGO LOPES , ZAMPAULO ROBSON DE ALMEIDA
Published: May 2017

Metopiellus painensis new species, of the Neotropical pselaphine tribe Metopiasini, is described from Pains region, Brasil (Minas Gerais). Major diagnostic features are illustrated and a key to the known species is given.
Monotypic no longer: a new species of Panca Evans (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Moncini) from South America
Authors: DOLIBAINA DIEGO RODRIGO , CARNEIRO EDUARDO , MIELKE OLAF HERMANN HENDRIK , CASAGRANDE MIRNA MARTINS , LAMAS GERARDO
Published: May 2017

A new species belonging to the previously monotypic genus Panca Evans, 1955, P. moseri Dolibaina, Carneiro & O. Mielke sp. nov., from grasslands areas of Peru, Bolivia and Brazil is described. Adults and male and female genitalia of the new species are illustrated, described in detail, and compared with the type species of the genus, Lerodea subpunctuli Hayward, 1934, and with its externally most similar and sympatric species, Vidius mictra Evans, 1955. The systematic position of the genus Panca and its association with lowland open natural habitats of South America are discussed.
Danothrips litseae sp.n. (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) from India on leaves of Litsea
Authors: TYAGI KAOMUD , SINGHA DEVKANT , KUMAR VIKAS
Published: May 2017

Danothrips litseae sp. n. is described from Litsea sp. in North East India. This is the third species of the genus with distinct tergal craspeda, also weak, indistinct, irregular scallop-like projections on the sternites. Molecular data of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (mtCOI) from specimens of this species are also generated as additional data for future studies.
A description of three new species of the genus Alienia Fibiger, 2011 from Southeast Asia (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Hypenodinae: Micronoctuini)
Authors: QI MU-JIE , HAN HUI-LIN
Published: May 2017

The genus Alienia Fibiger, 2011 of the tribe Micronoctuini of Hypenodinae is revised. Two new species: Alienia fibigeri sp.n. and Alienia cambodiaa sp.n. are described from Cambodia; a new species, Alienia laosa sp.n. from Laos described. A key for identification of Alienia based on male genitalia is present. The adult and genitalia of the new species are illustrated.
Causes of Enhanced SST Variability over the Equatorial Atlantic and Its Relationship to the Atlantic Zonal Mode in CMIP5
Authors: Yang Yun , Xie Shang-Ping , Wu Lixin , Kosaka Yu , Li Jianping
Published: May 2017

A spurious band of enhanced sea surface temperature (SST) variance (SBEV) is identified over the northern equatorial Atlantic in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Climate Model, version 2.1. The SBEV is especially pronounced in boreal spring owing to the combined effect of both anomalous atmospheric thermal forcing and oceanic vertical upwelling. The SBEV is a common bias in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), found in 14 out of 23 models. The SBEV in CMIP5 is associated with the atmospheric thermal forcing and the oceanic vertical upwelling, similar to GFDL CM2.1. While the tropical North Atlantic variability is only weakly correlated with the Atlantic zonal mode (AZM) in observations, the SBEV in CMIP5 produces conditions that drive and intensify the AZM variability via triggering the Bjerknes feedback. This partially explains why AZM is strong in some CMIP5 models even though the equatorial cold tongue and easterly trades are biased low.
Topographic and Mixed Layer Submesoscale Currents in the Near-Surface Southwestern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Srinivasan Kaushik , McWilliams James C. , Renault Lionel , Hristova Hristina G. , Molemaker Jeroen , Kessler William S.
Published: May 2017

The distribution and strength of submesoscale (SM) surface layer fronts and filaments generated through mixed layer baroclinic energy conversion and submesoscale coherent vortices (SCVs) generated by topographic drag are analyzed in numerical simulations of the near-surface southwestern Pacific, north of 16°S. In the Coral Sea a strong seasonal cycle in the surface heat flux leads to a winter SM “soup” consisting of baroclinic mixed layer eddies (MLEs), fronts, and filaments similar to those seen in other regions farther away from the equator. However, a strong wind stress seasonal cycle, largely in sync with the surface heat flux cycle, is also a source of SM processes. SM restratification fluxes show distinctive signatures corresponding to both surface cooling and wind stress. The winter peak in SM activity in the Coral Sea is not in phase with the summer dominance of the mesoscale eddy kinetic energy in the region, implying that local surface layer forcing effects are more important for SM generation than the nonlocal eddy deformation field. In the topographically complex Solomon and Bismarck Seas, a combination of equatorial proximity and boundary drag generates SCVs with large-vorticity Rossby numbers (Ro ~ 10). River outflows in the Bismarck and Solomon Seas make a contribution to SM generation, although they are considerably weaker than the topographic effects. Mean to eddy kinetic energy conversions implicate barotropic instability in SM topographic wakes, with the strongest values seen north of the Vitiaz Strait along the coast of Papua New Guinea.
On Cabbeling and Thermobaricity in the Surface Mixed Layer
Authors: Stewart K. D. , Haine T. W. N. , McC. Hogg A. , Roquet F.
Published: May 2017

The surface mixed layer (ML) governs atmosphere–ocean fluxes, and thereby affects Earth’s climate. Accurate representation of ML processes in ocean models remains a challenge, however. The O(100) m deep ML exhibits substantial horizontal thermohaline gradients, despite being near-homogenous vertically, making it an ideal location for processes that result from the nonlinearity of the equation of state, such as cabbeling and thermobaricity. Traditional approaches to investigate these processes focus on their roles in interior water-mass transformation and are ill suited to examine their influence on the ML. However, given the climatic significance of the ML, quantifying the extent to which cabbeling and thermobaricity influence the ML density field offers insight into improving ML representations in ocean models. A recent simplified equation of state of seawater allows the local effects of cabbeling and thermobaric processes in the ML to be expressed analytically as functions of the local temperature gradient and ML depth. These simplified expressions are used to estimate the extent to which cabbeling and thermobaricity contribute to local ML density differences. These estimates compare well with values calculated directly using the complete nonlinear equation of state. Cabbeling and thermobaricity predominantly influence the ML density field poleward of 30°. Mixed layer thermobaricity is basin-scale and winter intensified, while ML cabbeling is perennial and localized to intense, zonally coherent regions associated with strong temperature fronts, such as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream Extensions. For latitudes between 40° and 50° in both hemispheres, the zonally averaged effects of ML cabbeling and ML thermobaricity can contribute on the order of 10% of the local ML density difference.
Evaluation of Hurricane Wind Speed Analyses in a Simulation of Hurricane Earl (2010) Using Low-Order Wavenumbers
Authors: Soukup George Andrew , Marks Frank D.
Published: May 2017

To determine how well a low-order wavenumber representation describes a hurricane wind speed field, given its natural variability in space and time, low-order wavenumber representations were calculated for hourly “snapshots” of the 10-m wind speed field generated by the current operational hurricane model. Two distinct periods were examined: the first when the storm is in a reasonably steady state over 7–8 h and the second where the storm is changing its internal structure over a similar time interval. Observing system sensitivity experiments were also performed using wind speed field time series obtained from interpolation of the model snapshots for each of the two periods. The time series were sampled along the flight legs of a typical “figure four” aircraft flight pattern to simulate the surface wind data collection process to ascertain the effects of the wind speed field’s temporal and spatial variability upon the low-order wavenumber analyses.

The comparison between the model wind speed field at any time and the wavenumber representations during the “steady state” period shows that the essential features of the wind speed field are captured by wavenumbers 0 and 1 and that including up to wavenumber 3 practically reproduces the model field. However, in the “nonsteady” period the wavenumber 0 and 1 representation is frequently unable to capture the essential characteristics of the wind speed field. The observing system sensitivity experiments suggest that when the primary circulation is rapidly changing in amplitude and/or structure during the data collection period, the low-order wavenumbers analysis of the wind speed field will only represent the temporal mean structure.
Experimental Spectroscopic Studies of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Fluorescence at High Temperatures and Pressures
Authors: Carrivain Olivier , Orain Mikael , Dorval Nelly , Morin Celine , Legros Guillaume
Published: May 2017

Two-photon excitation laser-induced fluorescence of carbon monoxide (CO-LIF) is investigated experimentally in order to determine the applicability of this technique for imaging CO concentration in aeronautical combustors. Experiments are carried out in a high temperature, high-pressure test cell, and in a laminar premixed CH4/air flame. Influence of temperature and pressure on CO-LIF spectra intensity and shape is reported. The experimental results show that as pressure increases, the CO-LIF excitation spectrum becomes asymmetric. Additionally, the spectrum strongly shifts to the red with a quadratic dependence of the collisional shift upon pressure, which is different from the classical behavior where the collisional shift is proportional to pressure. Moreover, pressure line broadening cannot be reproduced by a Lorenztian profile in the temperature range investigated here (300–1750 K) and, therefore, an alternative line shape is suggested.
Attentional set-shifting and social abilities in children with schizotypal and comorbid autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Abu-Akel Ahmad , Testa Renee R , Jones Harvey P , Ross Nola , Skafidas Efstratios , Tonge Bruce , Pantelis Christos
Published: May 2017

Objective:

While diagnostically independent, autism and schizotypal disorders can co-occur. Their concurrent impact on outcomes and phenotypes has not been investigated. We investigated the impact of comorbid autism and schizotypal disorders in children on executive functioning and socio-pragmatic skills – core features of both disorders.

Method:

Executive functioning (assessed with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery) and socio-pragmatic skills (assessed using the Melbourne Assessment of Schizotypy in Kids) were investigated in a total of 67 (6–12 year old) children with autism ( n = 15; M/F = 10/5), schizotypal disorder ( n = 8; M/F = 5/3) and comorbid autism and schizotypal disorder ( n = 12; M/F = 5/7) and typically developing children ( n = 32; M/F = 17/15).

Results:

Both the autism and schizotypal disorder groups performed more poorly than the typically developing group on socio-pragmatic skills and overall performance (i.e. number of stages completed) of the intra-/extra-dimensional set-shifting task (all ps < 0.001). Clear distinctions between the autism and schizotypal groups were present in the intra-/extra-dimensional task relative to the typically developing group – the autism group had difficulties with extra-dimensional shifts ( p < 0.001), and the schizotypal disorder group with intra-dimensional shifts ( p = 0.08). Interestingly, the overall performance of the comorbid group on the intra-/extra-dimensional task was not significantly different from the typically developing group, and they were superior to both the autism ( p = 0.019) and schizotypal disorder ( p = 0.042) groups on socio-pragmatic skills.

Conclusion:

The phenotypical overlap between autism and schizotypal disorders may be precipitated by different cognitive styles and/or mechanisms associated with attention and information processing. We propose that sustaining and switching attention represent two poles of irregularities across the autism and schizotypal spectra, which appear to converge in a compensatory manner in the comorbid group. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating children with a dual diagnosis of autism and schizotypal disorders, and raise intriguing questions about possible mechanisms to explain the attenuated impairment observed in the group of children with comorbid autism and schizotpyal disorders.
Improving Primary Care Provider Practices in Youth Concussion Management
Authors: Arbogast Kristy B. , Curry Allison E. , Metzger Kristina B. , Kessler Ronni S. , Bell Jeneita M. , Haarbauer-Krupa Juliet , Zonfrillo Mark R. , Breiding Matthew J. , Master Christina L.
Published: May 2017

Primary care providers are increasingly providing youth concussion care but report insufficient time and training, limiting adoption of best practices. We implemented a primary care–based intervention including an electronic health record–based clinical decision support tool (“SmartSet”) and in-person training. We evaluated consequent improvement in 2 key concussion management practices: (1) performance of a vestibular oculomotor examination and (2) discussion of return-to-learn/return-to-play (RTL/RTP) guidelines. Data were included from 7284 primary care patients aged 0 to 17 years with initial concussion visits between July 2010 and June 2014. We compared proportions of visits pre- and post-intervention in which the examination was performed or RTL/RTP guidelines provided. Examinations and RTL/RTP were documented for 1.8% and 19.0% of visits pre-intervention, respectively, compared with 71.1% and 72.9% post-intervention. A total of 95% of post-intervention examinations were documented within the SmartSet. An electronic clinical decision support tool, plus in-person training, may be key to changing primary care provider behavior around concussion care.
Segregation by Design: Race, Architecture, and the Enclosure of the Atlanta Apartment
Authors: Lasner Matthew Gordon
Published: May 2017

This article explores the ways in which architecture, landscape design, and site planning helped maintain racial segregation in housing in Atlanta, Georgia, between the 1960s and 1990s. Under Jim Crow, apartment complexes in Atlanta hewed to national design norms. By the late 1960s, however, racial tension, rioting, and passage of the Fair Housing Act led to proliferation of the architecture of enclosure: design that helped code communities as white through pastoral symbolism and heavy, obscuring landscaping. The concept, which appeared to a lesser degree in other U.S. housing markets, was introduced to Atlanta at Riverbend (1966-1972), a swinging-singles complex developed in part by Dallas’s Trammell Crow with a site plan by California’s Lawrence Halprin & Associates. The practice was generalized in the 1970s and 1980s by Post Properties, which became one of the region’s largest builders.
The Making of the Orderly City: New York since the 1980s
Authors: Chronopoulos Themis
Published: May 2017

This article advances the concept of the orderly city, which has structural qualities and as a vision has dominated ideas about law and order in New York since the 1980s. The realization of the orderly city depended on the successful implementation of broken windows policing. This implementation required considerable reforms in the criminal justice system and the provision of substantial financial resources. Even then, without a considerable decline in serious crime rates, the city government would be unable to justify a war against minor infractions. The crime decline that occurred in the 1990s allowed the city government to equate the safe city with the orderly city. Moreover, as the economy of New York improved, the orderly city was promoted as a precondition of affluence. This article shows how these correlations are questionable and how the orderly city is based on morally and legally questionable actions such as racial profiling.
E-science
Authors: Semeler Alexandre Ribas , Pinto Adilson Luiz , Vianna William Barbosa
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this essay is to formulate historical-descriptive and epistemological premises for information science, using some elements from the philosophy of technology, and presenting e-science as a contemporary information phenomenon. As a field of studies, information science needs to be dedicated to technological questions that enable the creation of a new class of epistemology based on philosophy: techno-epistemology. This can be justified by the usefulness of information science in reviewing how the frontiers of its field of knowledge are delineated and looking into the possibilities of interdisciplinary collaboration. This essay also emphasizes the limitations that an epistemology grounded on historical-descriptive narratives would impose on the progress of information science as it approaches a new informational phenomenon, in this case, e-science.
Police Legitimacy in the Context of Street Stops: The Effects of Race, Class, and Procedural Justice
Authors: Henry Tri Keah S. , Franklin Travis W.
Published: May 2017

Citizens’ perceptions of the police have been recognized as a long-standing issue of significant importance. Positive perceptions of the police, especially as they relate to legitimacy, are not only critical for fostering healthy police/community relationships but also for enhancing community safety. A large body of research has examined the predicates of legitimacy by studying residents’ general police perceptions as well as their perceptions in specific contexts, primarily traffic stops. Much less is known, however, about the sources of police legitimacy in the context of street stop encounters. Consequently, the current study uses data from the 2011 Police Public Contact Survey to examine the role of procedural justice, along with key sociodemographic characteristics—race and class—in shaping perceptions of legitimacy during non-traffic-related police–citizen street encounters. Findings indicate that officer behavior and levels of respect afforded to citizens during these encounters significantly influence perceptions of legitimacy. Implications and policy recommendations are discussed in detail.
The Effect of Quercetin on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in a Prenatally Stressed Rat Model of Febrile Seizures
Authors: Mkhize Nombuso Valencia Pearl , Qulu Lihle , Mabandla Musa Vuyisile
Published: May 2017

Febrile seizures are childhood convulsions resulting from an infection that leads to an inflammatory response and subsequent convulsions. Prenatal stress has been shown to heighten the progression and intensity of febrile seizures. Current medications are costly and have adverse effects associated with prolonged use. Quercetin flavonoid exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, and anti-stress effects. This study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of quercetin in a prenatally stressed rat model of febrile seizures. We hypothesized that quercetin will alleviate the effects of prenatal stress in a febrile seizure rat model. On gestational day 13, Sprague-Dawley rat dams were subjected to restraint stress for 1 hour/d for 7 days. Febrile seizures were induced on postnatal day 14 on rat pups by intraperitoneally injecting lipopolysaccharide followed by kainic acid and quercetin on seizure onset. Hippocampal tissue was harvested to profile cytokine concentrations. Our results show that quercetin suppresses prenatal stress–induced pro-inflammatory marker (interleukin 1 beta) levels, subsequently attenuating febrile seizures. This shows that quercetin can be therapeutic for febrile seizures in prenatally stressed individuals.
Repeated recall as an intervention to improve memory performance in heart failure patients
Authors: Viveiros Jennifer , Sethares Kristen , Shapiro Amy
Published: May 2017

Background:

Up to 50% of heart failure patients demonstrate aspects of cognitive impairment, including memory deficit. Novel interventions are needed to address memory deficit among heart failure patients.

Aim:

The goal of this study was to evaluate the testing effect as an intervention to improve memory performance in heart failure patients.

Methods:

This was a randomized controlled clinical trial ( N=84) comparing the memory performance of heart failure patients with and without mild cognitive impairment after a repeated testing intervention. Memory performance was measured by verbal word pair associates recall scores, between attention control and experimental subjects.

Results:

Patients had a mean age of 71.7 ± 13.3 years and similar baseline memory (immediate p=.79 and delayed p=.47). Overall, there were no significant differences in memory between experimental and control subjects, respectively (67.2±18.87 vs. 61.9±22.3, verbal word pair associates, t = −1.179, p=.24). In the final hierarchical regression model, age ( p=.018) and education ( p=.006) were significant predictors of memory performance, with the intervention approaching significance ( p=.079).

Conclusions:

Although not statistically significant, the intervention group reported better memory. Age and education continue to be significant contributors to memory performance in the heart failure population. Continued development of interventions to improve memory performance in heart failure patients is indicated.
The effect of geometry on the surface waves generated by vertical surface–piercing cylinders with a horizontal velocity
Authors: Conway Alexander ST , Ranmuthugala Dev , Binns Jonathan R , Renilson Martin
Published: May 2017

Bluff bodies advancing through a free surface at high Froude numbers create intricate flow patterns worth further investigation. An example of such flows includes a submarine operating near the free surface which generally will have one or more masts piercing the free surface. These have the potential to produce large wakes at the surface. This article describes the numerical analysis used to investigate possible design modifications to reduce the wake profile of a singular cylindrical mast piercing the free surface. The large eddy simulation model carried out in OpenFOAM computational fluid dynamics software was validated against experimental data obtained by the authors using tow tank experiments. The modifications included the use of a double mast system based on the cylindrical mast and truncated NACA0012 sections. All configurations were performed with a mast cross-sectional area corresponding to a typical submarine snorkel across speeds ranging from two to eight knots. The plume size and mast drag were recorded, and the results show that a 30% reduction in wake profile can be obtained using a double mast system at speeds around eight knots, while at the lower speeds the benefit is not as significant.
Novice principals in Chile mobilizing change for the first time: Challenges and opportunities associated with a school’s readiness for change
Authors: Galdames Sergio , Montecinos Carmen , Campos Fabián , Ahumada Luis , Leiva María Verónica
Published: May 2017

In a context characterised by triple sources of accountability demands, principals in Chile are required to mobilise change to raise performance indicators. School improvement is a complex endeavour—a complexity that is intensified for newly appointed principals, particularly when placed in a high-poverty, ineffective school. This article explores changes introduced by newly appointed principals placed in elementary public schools that were struggling ( n = 4) and in schools that were sinking ( n = 5). Findings show that all participants converged on actions to promote changes in: staffing, redesigning the organisation, and managing instruction. The quality of the actions, however, differed by type of school, highlighting the importance of defining policies for strengthening school leadership that take into account differences among schools. Induction will provide needed support at the individual level, but it might be insufficient support if other measures at the district level fail to create conditions, such as staffing, so the arrival of a new principal is indeed an opportunity to reverse a downward trajectory of an ineffective, high-poverty school.
Spatial Frequency Shifts From Counterphase Flicker and From Simultaneous Contrast
Authors: Kaneko Sae , Anstis Stuart
Published: May 2017

In simultaneous contrast of spatial frequency (SF), a test grating surrounded by a coarser inducing grating looks apparently finer. We combined this effect with another visual illusion; the fact that flickering the inducing grating raises its apparent SF. We found that the inducer’s apparent, not physical spatial frequency, drove the simultaneous contrast that it induced into a test grating. Thus, when the inducer was made to flicker, its SF appeared to be higher and consequently, the test’s SF appeared lower than before. This suggests that simultaneous contrast of spatial frequency exists further downstream than the flicker-induced increase in perceived SF.
YouTube Kids: The App Economy and Mobile Parenting
Authors: Burroughs Benjamin
Published: May 2017

This research investigates the growing relationship between media industries and the everyday viewing patterns and lives of young children. Specifically, this research focuses on the development of the YouTube Kids app, with well over 10 million downloads, which seeks to capture and monetize youth attention. These channels have taken advantage of emerging mobile and tablet technologies to target very young children and infants (aged 0–5 years). The technologies are also a part of larger parenting practices through the watching of televisual content by children on mobile phones and tablets. The rise of mobile parenting is allied with a confluence of digital technology, parenting practices, and the configuring of young children as a target demographic. Part of the work the YouTube Kids app performs is to corral young children into a controlled space without unexpected participation and play, where a more monolithic category of “child” or “kid” viewership can be codified and marketed to within the constraints of the app.
Żabińskiite, ideally Ca(Al0.5Ta0.5)(SiO4)O, a new mineral of the titanite group from the Piława Górna pegmatite, the Góry Sowie Block, southwestern Poland
Authors: Pieczka Adam , Hawthorne Frank C. , Ma Chi , Rossman George R. , Szełęg Eligiusz , Szuszkiewicz Adam , Turniak Krzysztof , Nejbert Krzysztof , Ilnicki Sławomir , Buffat Philippe , Rutkowski Bogdan
Published: May 2017

Żabińskiite, ideally Ca(Al0.5Ta0.5)(SiO4)O, was found in a Variscan granitic pegmatite at Piława Górna, Lower Silesia, SW Poland. The mineral occurs along with (Al,Ta,Nb)- and (Al,F)-bearing titanites, a pyrochlore-supergroupmineral and a K-mica in compositionally inhomogeneous aggregates, ∼120 μm × 70 μm in size, in a fractured crystal of zircon intergrown with polycrase-(Y) and euxenite-(Y). Żabińskiite is transparent, brittle, brownish, with a white streak, vitreous lustre and a Mohs hardness of ∼5. The calculated density for the refined crystal is equal to 3.897 g cm–3, but depends strongly on composition. The mineral is non-pleochroic, biaxial (–), with mean refractive indices ≥1.89. The (Al,Ta,Nb)-richest żabińskiite crystal,(Ca0.980Na0.015)∑=0.995(Al0.340Fe3+0.029Ti0.298V0.001Zr0.001Sn0.005Ta0.251Nb0.081)∑=1.005[(Si0.988Al0.012)O4.946F0.047(OH)0.007)∑=5.000];60.7 mol.% Ca[Al0.5(Ta,Nb)0.5](SiO4)O; is close in composition to previously described synthetic material. Żabińskiite is triclinic (space group symmetryA1) and has unit-cell parametersa= 7.031(2) Å,b= 8.692(2) Å,c= 6.561(2) Å, α = 89.712(11)°, β = 113.830(13)°, γ = 90.352(12)° andV= 366.77 (11) Å3. It is isostructural with triclinic titanite and bond-topologically identical with titanite and other minerals of the titanite group.Żabińskiite crystallized along with (Al,Ta,Nb)-bearing titanites at increasing Ti and Nb, and decreasing Ta activities, almost coevally with polycrase-(Y) and euxenite-(Y) from Ca-contaminated fluxed melts or early hydrothermal fluids.
Encouraging activity for R-CHOP in advanced stage nodular lymphocyte–predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Fanale Michelle A. , Cheah Chan Yoon , Rich Amy , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Lai Chao-Ming , Oki Yasuhiro , Romaguera Jorge E. , Fayad Luis E. , Hagemeister F. B. , Samaniego Felipe , Rodriguez Maria A. , Neelapu Sattva S. , Lee Hun J. , Nastoupil Loretta , Fowler Nathan H. , Turturro Francesco , Westin Jason R. , Wang Michael L. , McLaughlin Peter , Pinnix Chelsea C. , Milgrom Sarah A. , Dabaja Bouthaina , Horowitz Sandra B. , Younes Anas
Published: May 2017

Key Points

R-CHOP results in excellent response rates and durable remissions in NLPHL.
Engineering macrophages to eat cancer: from “marker of self” CD47 and phagocytosis to differentiation
Authors: Alvey Cory , Discher Dennis E
Published: May 2017

The ability of a macrophage to engulf and break down invading cells and other targets provides a first line of immune defense in nearly all tissues. This defining ability to “phagos” or devour can subsequently activate the entire immune system against foreign and diseased cells, and progress is now being made on a decades-old idea of directing macrophages to phagocytose specific targets, such as cancer cells. Engineered T cells provide precedence with recent clinical successes against liquid tumors, but solid tumors remain a challenge, and a handful of clinical trials seek to exploit the abundance of tumor-associated macrophages instead. Although macrophage differentiation into such phenotypes with deficiencies in phagocytic ability can raise challenges, newly recognized features of cancer cells that might be manipulated to increase the phagocytosis of those cells include ≥1 membrane protein, CD47, which broadly inhibits phagocytosis and is abundantly expressed on all healthy cells. Physical properties of the target also influence phagocytosis and again relate—via cytoskeleton forces—to differentiation pathways in solid tumors. Such pathways extend to mechanosensing by the nuclear lamina, which is known to influence signaling by soluble retinoids that can regulate the macrophage SIRPα, the receptor for CD47. Here, we highlight some of those past, present, and rapidly emerging efforts to understand and control macrophages for cancer therapy.
Alcohol, aging, and innate immunity
Authors: Boule Lisbeth A , Kovacs Elizabeth J
Published: May 2017

The global population is aging: in 2010, 8% of the population was older than 65 y, and that is expected to double to 16% by 2050. With advanced age comes a heightened prevalence of chronic diseases. Moreover, elderly humans fair worse after acute diseases, namely infection, leading to higher rates of infection-mediated mortality. Advanced age alters many aspects of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to impaired responses to primary infection and poor development of immunologic memory. An often overlooked, yet increasingly common, behavior in older individuals is alcohol consumption. In fact, it has been estimated that >40% of older adults consume alcohol, and evidence reveals that >10% of this group is drinking more than the recommended limit by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alcohol consumption, at any level, alters host immune responses, including changes in the number, phenotype, and function of innate and adaptive immune cells. Thus, understanding the effect of alcohol ingestion on the immune system of older individuals, who are already less capable of combating infection, merits further study. However, there is currently almost nothing known about how drinking alters innate immunity in older subjects, despite innate immune cells being critical for host defense, resolution of inflammation, and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Here, we review the effects of aging and alcohol consumption on innate immune cells independently and highlight the few studies that have examined the effects of alcohol ingestion in aged individuals.
Interferometric OBS imaging for wide-angle seismic data
Authors: Shiraishi Kazuya , Fujie Gou , Sato Takeshi , Abe Susumu , Asakawa Eiichi , Kodaira Shuichi
Published: May 2017

Marine wide-angle seismic data obtained using air guns and ocean-bottom seismographs (OBSs) are effective for determining large-scale subseafloor seismic velocities, but they are ineffective for imaging details of shallow seismic reflection structures because of poor illumination. Surface-related multiple reflections offer the potential to enlarge the OBS data illumination area. We have developed a new seismic imaging method for OBS surveys applying seismic interferometry, a technique that uses surface-related multiples similarly to mirror imaging. Seismic interferometry can use higher order multiple reflections than mirror imaging, which mainly uses first-order multiple reflections. A salient advantage of interferometric OBS imaging over mirror imaging is that it requires only single-component data, whereas mirror imaging requires vertical geophone and hydrophone components to separate upgoing and downgoing wavefields. We applied interferometric OBS imaging to actual 175 km long wide-angle OBS data acquired in the Nankai Trough subduction zone. We obtained clear continuous reflection images in the deep and shallow parts including the seafloor from the OBS data acquired with large spacing. Deconvolution interferometry is more suitable than correlation interferometry to improve spatial resolution because of the effects of spectral division when applied to common receiver gathers. We examined the imaging result dependence on data acquisition and processing parameters considering the data quality and target depth. An air-gun-to-OBS distance of up to 50 km and a record length of 80 s were necessary for better imaging. In addition, our decimation tests confirmed that denser OBS spacing yielded better quality and higher resolution images. Understanding crosstalk effects due to the acquisition setting will be useful to optimize methods for eliminating them. Interferometric OBS imaging merged with conventional primary reflection imaging is a powerful method for revealing crustal structures.
Beneficial and harmful effects of educative suicide prevention websites: randomised controlled trial exploring Papagenov. Werther effects
Authors: Till Benedikt , Tran Ulrich S. , Voracek Martin , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas
Published: May 2017

Background

Suicide prevention organisations frequently use websites to educate the public, but evaluations of these websites are lacking.

Aims

To examine the effects of educative websites and the moderating effect of participant vulnerability.

Method

A total of 161 adults were randomised to either view an educative website on suicide prevention or an unrelated website in a single-blinded randomised controlled trial (trial registration with the American Economic Association's registry: RCT-ID: 000924). The primary outcome was suicidal ideation; secondary outcomes were mood, suicide-prevention-related knowledge and attitudes towards suicide/seeking professional help. Data were collected using questionnaires before (T1), immediately after exposure (T2), and 1 week after exposure (T3) and analysed using linear mixed models.

Results

No significant intervention effect was identified for the entire intervention group with regard to suicidal ideation, but a significant and sustained increase in suicide-prevention-related knowledge (T3v. T1P< 0.001,d= 1.12, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.28) and a non-sustained worsening of mood (P< 0.001,T2v. T1,d= −0.59, −0.75 to −0.43) were observed. Participants with increased vulnerability experienced a partially sustained reduction of suicidal ideation (T3v. T1,P<0.001,d= −0.34, −0.50 to −0.19).

Conclusions

Educative professional suicide prevention websites appeared to increase suicide-prevention-related knowledge, and among vulnerable individuals website exposure may be associated with a reduction of suicidal ideation.
Onticide
Authors: Warren Calvin
Published: May 2017

This article argues that black sexuality presents a “problem for thought” within humanism and Afro-pessimism. Humanism continually attempts to integrate blackness into humanity, as a way to make suffering intelligible (structural adjustment); Afro-pessimism, rightly critiquing this structural adjustment, is unable to articulate “particularity” or “difference” (since fungibility presumes an object stripped of human qualities, such as identity). The article analyzes the “murder” of Steen Keith Fenrich as a trapped within the crevices of this methodological problem. Onticide is presented as a procedure for contending with the double bind of humanism and creating intellectual space for an (im)possible violence.
Conformational dynamics of the frameshift stimulatory structure in HIV-1
Authors: Ritchie Dustin B. , Cappellano Tonia R. , Tittle Collin , Rezajooei Negar , Rouleau Logan , Sikkema William K.A. , Woodside Michael T.
Published: May 2017

Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) in HIV-1 is thought to be stimulated by a hairpin in the mRNA, although a pseudoknot-like triplex has also been proposed. Because the conformational dynamics of the stimulatory structure under tension applied by the ribosomal helicase during translation may play an important role in PRF, we used optical tweezers to apply tension to the HIV stimulatory structure and monitor its unfolding and refolding dynamics. The folding and unfolding kinetics and energy landscape of the hairpin were measured by ramping the force on the hairpin up and down, providing a detailed biophysical characterization. Unexpectedly, whereas unfolding reflected the simple two-state behavior typical of many hairpins, refolding was more complex, displaying significant heterogeneity. Evidence was found for multiple refolding pathways as well as previously unsuspected, partially folded intermediates. Measuring a variant mRNA containing only the sequence required to form the proposed triplex, it behaved largely in the same way. Nonetheless, very rarely, high-force unfolding events characteristic of pseudoknot-like structures were observed. The rare occurrence of the triplex suggests that the hairpin is the functional stimulatory structure. The unusual heterogeneity of the hairpin dynamics under tension suggests a possible functional role in PRF similar to the dynamics of other stimulatory structures.
Hepatic Portal Venous Gas in Children Younger Than 2 Years Old – Radiological and Clinical Characteristics in Diseases Other Than Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Barczuk-Falęcka Marzena , Bombiński Przemysław , Majkowska Zofia , Brzewski Michał , Warchoł Stanisław
Published: May 2017

Background: Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) is a rare imaging finding in children. It can be an important manifestation of severe diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates or bowel wall rupture in older children. However, there are many other diseases presenting with HPVG that do not necessarily require a surgical intervention.

Case Report: In the period between 2011–2015, there were 12 cases of HPVG in children aged up to 24 months in our hospital. We did not include children with NEC. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data and US examinations as regards the suspected causes and final diagnoses. Only 1 patient with HPVG required an immediate surgical intervention. This was – a 4-month-old girl 32 days after a repair of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, with ultrasound signs of acute bowel wall necrosis. During surgery a bowel strangulation was revealed. Other causes included: – 4 patients with bowel inflammation (including complications of neoplastic diseases such as leukemia and Hodgkins’disease); – 3 patients with food allergy; – 1 patient with acute gastroenteritis; – 1 patient with hepatic injury because of a suspected metabolic disease; – 1 incidental finding revealed before closing a ventricular septum defect; – 1 patient during followup performed 2 weeks after a reconstruction of bowel continuity.

Conclusions: HPVG is not always a sign of a life-threatening condition and it should not be by itself an indication for surgical treatment. HPVG requires a close monitoring of the clinical status, which is crucial for further management. In patients in non-severe clinical condition, we propose to perform a follow-up ultrasound imaging within 1–2 days, and not to extend diagnostic procedures, especially in case of ultrasound picture normalization. An abdominal ultrasound examination appears to be the method of choice for the identification of gas in the hepatic portal system in children.