bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ein abstimmbares Trifluormethyliodonium‐Reagenz
Authors: Liebing Phil , Kalim Jorna , Arefyeva Natalia , Oehler Florian , Wickleder Mathias , Togni Antonio
Published: April 2019

Vier Komplexe von MCl4 (M=Ti, Zr, Hf) mit dem hypervalenten Trifluormethylierungs‐Reagenz Trifluormethyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benziodoxol (1,=L) werden beschrieben. Mit TiCl4 erfolgt eine I‐O‐Bindungsspaltung, die zur Bildung der Trifluormethyliodonium‐Alkoholat‐Komplexe [Ti2Cl6(L)4]Cl2 (2 a) und Ti2Cl8(L) (2 b) führt. Umsetzungen von 1 mit ZrCl4 und HfCl4 liefern die Komplexe ZrCl4(L)2 (3) und HfCl4(L)2 (4), in denen die ursprüngliche I‐O‐Bindung bestehen bleibt, aber gegenüber derjenigen in freiem 1 verlängert ist. Somit kann die Reaktivität von 1 einfach und praktikabel durch Zugabe verschiedener Metallchloride variiert werden, wobei die Reihenfolge ZrCl4/HfCl4<TiCl4<2 TiCl4 gilt. 2 a, 3 und 4 sind bemerkenswert lagerstabile Formen des aktivierten Reagenzes 1, während 2 b leicht in situ zugänglich ist. 2 a und 2 b repräsentieren die ersten “echten” Iodan‐basierten Trifluormethyliodonium‐Reagenzien, also mit einer vollständig gespaltenen I‐O‐Bindung. Es wurde gezeigt, dass sich die neuen Komplexe zur Trifluormethylierung von para‐Toluolsulfonat unter aprotischen Bedingungen eignen.
Identifying and Responding to Child Neglect: Exploring the Professional Experiences of Primary School Teachers and Family Support Workers
Authors: Bullock Lydia , Stanyon Miriam , Glaser Danya , Chou Shihning
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to explore primary school teachers' and family support workers' experiences of working with families and children with suspected or confirmed child neglect. Two in‐depth, semi‐structured focus groups with four primary school teachers and six family support workers explored the experiences of the two separate professions. Two hypothetical vignettes describing emotional and physical neglect were used to aid discussion. A qualitative, inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the focus group data. Despite professionals wanting to act when neglect is first identified (early intervention), this was often not common practice. Professionals highlighted that child neglect, in particular emotional neglect, was often not deemed ‘serious enough’ to report, and would not be reported until a bigger ‘jigsaw puzzle’ of evidence had been collated. Professionals struggled with policies and funding that impact on their ability to respond in every case of child neglect as well as multiagency working difficulties, including perceived confidence in their roles and how other professionals view their work and professional opinions. Child neglect, especially emotional neglect, must be rated as equally serious as other forms of child maltreatment necessitating intervention, and professionals must be given support and funding to achieve this.

‘Explore[s] primary school teachers' and family support workers' experiences of working with families and children with suspected or confirmed child neglect’

Key Practitioner Messages

The consequences of prolonged child neglect should be better understood and recognised. Resources and support provided early may prevent long‐term serious harm.

Training on sensitively discussing with parents how to provide appropriate care for their children and how to challenge appropriately other professionals may help enhance professionals' confidence in speaking up and taking action.

Innovative use of universal provisions such as breakfast or after‐school clubs may be welcomed more by parents.
Mechanistic Study of the Electrosynthesis of Propylene Carbonate from Propylene Oxide and CO2 on Copper Electrodes
Authors: Pérez‐Gallent Elena , Figueiredo Marta C. , Koper Marc T. M.
Published: April 2019

Efficient and selective electrosynthesis of propylene carbonate can be performed by the reaction of carbon dioxide with propylene oxide at copper electrodes. In this paper, we investigate this electrochemical reaction by using cyclic voltammetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high‐performance liquid chromatography in order to unravel details of the catalytic mechanism of the reaction. The combination of the results obtained by these different techniques allows the exclusion of different reduced forms of CO2, such as CO and (bi)carbonates, as possible carboxylation agents. Moreover, the results also indicate that electrochemical activation of the propylene oxide by ring opening is not the initial step for this reaction, as no product was detected when a current was not applied in presence of “activated propylene oxide” and CO2. Our results show that the reaction is initiated by the activation of CO2 to CO2.−, which then attacks the epoxide to form the cyclic carbonate. This work also gives evidence for the non‐catalytic nature of the synthesis of the cyclic carbonate because its formation also occurs on other metals such as gold and platinum in the same range of applied currents. This result clearly indicates the potential of in situ electrochemical techniques in the mechanistic investigation of electrosynthesis reactions.
Pulsed EPR Dipolar Spectroscopy under the Breakdown of the High‐Field Approximation: The High‐Spin Iron(III) Case
Authors: Abdullin Dinar , Matsuoka Hideto , Yulikov Maxim , Fleck Nico , Klein Christoph , Spicher Sebastian , Hagelueken Gregor , Grimme Stefan , Lützen Arne , Schiemann Olav
Published: April 2019

Pulsed EPR dipolar spectroscopy (PDS) offers several methods for measuring dipolar coupling and thus the distance between electron‐spin centers. To date, PDS measurements to metal centers were limited to ions that adhere to the high‐field approximation. Here, the PDS methodology is extended to cases where the high‐field approximation breaks down on the example of the high‐spin Fe3+/nitroxide spin‐pair. First, the theory developed by Maryasov et al. (Appl. Magn. Reson. 2006, 30, 683–702) was adapted to derive equations for the dipolar coupling constant, which revealed that the dipolar spectrum does not only depend on the length and orientation of the interspin distance vector with respect to the applied magnetic field but also on its orientation to the effective g‐tensor of the Fe3+ ion. Then, it is shown on a model system and a heme protein that a PDS method called relaxation‐induced dipolar modulation enhancement (RIDME) is well‐suited to measuring such spectra and that the experimentally obtained dipolar spectra are in full agreement with the derived equations. Finally, a RIDME data analysis procedure was developed, which facilitates the determination of distance and angular distributions from the RIDME data. Thus, this study enables the application of PDS to for example, the highly relevant class of high‐spin Fe3+ heme proteins.
Selective C−C Coupling of Vinyl Epoxides with Diborylmethide Lithium Salts
Authors: Gava Riccardo , Fernández Elena
Published: April 2019

Vinyl epoxides and styrene oxide can react with diborylmethide lithium salts through an exclusive SN2 borylmethylation/ring opening in a regio‐ and diastereoselective way, depending on the nature of the substrate. The ring‐opening protocol provides homoallylboronates that can be transformed into challenging diastereomeric bishomoallylic alicyclic 1,3‐diols. Unprecedented 3‐borylated 1,2‐oxaborolan‐2‐ol products were prepared by borylmethylation/ring opening of 2‐methyl‐2‐vinyloxirane followed by intramolecular cyclization.
Ditocopheryl Sulfides and Disulfides: Synthesis and Antioxidant Profile
Authors: Viglianisi Caterina , Vasa Kristian , Tanini Damiano , Capperucci Antonella , Amorati Riccardo , Valgimigli Luca , Baschieri Andrea , Menichetti Stefano
Published: April 2019

Symmetrical ditocopheryl disulfides (Toc)2S2 and symmetrical and unsymmetrical ditocopheryl sulfides (Toc)2S were simply prepared under remarkably mild conditions with complete control of the regiochemistry by using δ‐, γ‐, and β‐tocopheryl‐N‐thiophthalimides (Toc‐NSPht) as common starting materials. The roles of sulfur atom(s), H‐bond and aryl ring substitution pattern on the antioxidant profile of these new compounds, which were assembled by linking together two tocopheryl units, are also discussed.
Crystalline Divinyldiarsenes and Cleavage of the As=As Bond
Authors: Sharma Mahendra K. , Blomeyer Sebastian , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Ghadwal Rajendra S.
Published: April 2019

The first divinyldiarsenes [{(NHC)C(Ph)}As]2 (NHC=IPr 3 a, SIPr 3 b; IPr=C{(NAr)CH}2; SIPr=C{(NAr)CH2}2; Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) are reported. Compounds 3 a and 3 b were prepared by the reduction of corresponding chlorides {(NHC)C(Ph)}AsCl2 (NHC=IPr 2 a, SIPr 2 b) with Mg. Calculations revealed a small HOMO–LUMO energy gap of 3.86 (3 a) and 4.24 eV (3 b). Treatment of 3 a with (Me2S)AuCl led to the cleavage of the As=As bond to restore 2 a, which is expected to proceed via the diarsane [{(IPr)C(Ph)}AsCl]2 (4). Remarkably, 4 as well as 2 a can be selectively accessed on treatment of 3 a with an appropriate amount of C2Cl6. Moreover, 3 a readily reacts with PhEEPh (E=Se or Te) at room temperature to give {(IPr)C(Ph)}As(EPh)2 (E=Se 5 a; Te 5 b), revealing the cleavage of As=As and E−E bonds and the formation of As−E bonds. Such highly selective stepwise oxidation (3 a→4→2 a) and bond metathesis (3 a→5 a,b) reactions are unprecedented in main‐group chemistry.
Design of a Zero‐Gap Laboratory‐Scale Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Alkaline Water Electrolysis Stack
Authors: Hnát Jaromír , Kodým Roman , Denk Karel , Paidar Martin , Žitka Jan , Bouzek Karel
Published: April 2019

The development of a zero‐gap alkaline water electrolysis stack based on a heterogeneous anion‐selective polymer electrolyte membrane is reported. A bipolar electrode arrangement was selected as the most appropriate one. The design was targeted to verify the suitability of the membrane electrode assembly design and the functionality of the gas separator system developed together with the purity of the gases produced. The influence of various operational regimes on the purity of the gases was investigated. Last, but not least, a validation of the mathematical model to be used for scale‐up of the cell, foreseen for the next step of the project, was performed.
Auf den Schultern des Bewährten
Authors: Tupac Jose , Prill Sebastian
Published: April 2019

Die Unimix Anlagenlinie von Ekato Systems ist für ein breites Einsatzspektrum für flüssige bis halbfeste Produkte entworfen und deckt dabei alle aktuellen Anforderungen an Reinigungs‐ und Bedienbarkeit ab. Wenn viele Produkte auch noch mit konventioneller Technologie hergestellt werden können, ist damit die nötige Qualität und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit auf den globalen Märkten innerhalb einer immer kürzer werdenden Zeitspanne Zeit kaum noch zu erreichen. Durch die Kombination von Zuverlässigkeit und besonderen Mischeigenschaften des vielfach bewährten Paravisc Rührorgans mit einem leistungsfähigen S‐JET Homogenisator in einem nach höchsten Ansprüchen gefertigten Vakuumbehälter bietet Ekato Unimix aber einen Alleskönner und den Schlüssel zum Erfolg.
Durch unberührte Natur und bewohntes Gebiet
Authors: Schnathmann Regina
Published: April 2019

Ein Muldengurtförderer, der im Jahr 2016 von Sichuan Yadong Cement Co, Ltd. bei der Beumer Group beauftragt wurde, weist eine Gesamtlänge von 13,7 Kilometern auf. Transportier wird Kalkstein durch bewohntes Gebiet weiter zum Zementwerk. Das von der chinesischen Regierung festgelegte Level für Schallemissionen durfte hierbei nicht überschritten werden.
Kleine Mengen, große Wirkung
Authors: Jakob Michael
Published: April 2019

Ob ein angereicherter Proteinriegel oder ein Instantgetränk zum Bestseller wird, hängt ganz klar davon ab, wie gut sich die pulverförmigen Inhaltsstoffe in die Rezepturen integrieren und konsumieren lassen. Das kompakte Anlagenkonzept von Glatt macht die Vorteile der Eigenschaftenkonfiguration mittels Wirbelschichttechnologie nun auch für mittlere Produktionen wirtschaftlich.
Luftmengen regeln
Authors: Sattler Thomas
Published: April 2019

Pneumatische Fördersysteme für unterschiedlichste Schüttgüter z.B. in Pharma‐ und Nahrungsmittelindustrie oder der Verfahrenstechnik stehen unter dem Druck, kostengünstiger zu werden, aber gleichzeitig auch zuverlässiger und produktiver. Für eine gleichbleibende Förder‐ und Transportgutqualität bei hoher Anlageneffizienz ist es deshalb unabdingbar, die Menge der Förderluft zu regeln, z.B. um sie an das jeweilige Transportgut anzupassen, auf Veränderungen im Prozess zu reagieren oder Leckagen auszugleichen. Der kompakte Luftmengenregler des Fluidikspezialisten ist dafür eine praxisgerechte Lösung.
Mit Leichtigkeit entlasten
Authors: Vogtland Marcel
Published: April 2019

Erste Erfindungen der Rembe Safety + Control im Bereich der flammenlosen Druckentlastung haben die Welt des Explosionsschutzes bereits in den 1980er Jahren grundsätzlich verändert. Mit dem Q‐Ball stellen die EX‐perten aus dem Sauerland jetzt eine Neuentwicklung vor, die das Potential besitzt, die flammenlose Explosionsdruckentlastung erneut zu revolutionieren.
National Cancer Institute (NCI) state of the science: Targeted radiosensitizers in colorectal cancer
Authors: George Thomas J. , Franke Aaron J. , Chakravarthy A. Bapsi , Das Prajnan , Dasari Arvind , El‐Rayes Bassel F. , Hong Theodore S. , Kinsella Timothy J. , Landry Jerome C. , Lee James J. , Monjazeb Arta M. , Jacobs Samuel A. , Raben David , Rahma Osama E. , Williams Terence M. , Wu Christina , Coleman C. Norman , Vikram Bhadrasain , Ahmed Mansoor M.
Published: April 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a major public health problem as the second leading cause of cancer‐related mortality in the United States. Of an estimated 140,000 newly diagnosed CRC cases in 2018, roughly one‐third of these patients will have a primary tumor located in the distal large bowel or rectum. The current standard‐of‐care approach includes curative‐intent surgery, often after preoperative (neoadjuvant) radiotherapy (RT), to increase rates of tumor down‐staging, clinical and pathologic response, as well as improving surgical resection quality. However, despite advancements in surgical techniques, as well as sharpened precision of dosimetry offered by contemporary RT delivery platforms, the oncology community continues to face challenges related to disease relapse. Ongoing investigations are aimed at testing novel radiosensitizing agents and treatments that might exploit the systemic antitumor effects of RT using immunotherapies. If successful, these treatments may usher in a new curative paradigm for rectal cancers, such that surgical interventions may be avoided. Importantly, this disease offers an opportunity to correlate matched paired biopsies, radiographic response, and molecular mechanisms of treatment sensitivity and resistance with clinical outcomes. Herein, the authors highlight the available evidence from preclinical models and early‐phase studies, with an emphasis on promising developmental therapeutics undergoing prospective validation in larger scale clinical trials. This review by the National Cancer Institute's Radiation Research Program Colorectal Cancer Working Group provides an updated, comprehensive examination of the continuously evolving state of the science regarding radiosensitizer drug development in the curative treatment of CRC.
MoO3/Carbon Dots Composites for Li‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Xu Zhanwei , Zhao Yixing , He Juju , Wang Tian , Yang Jun , Shen Xuetao , Cao Liyun , Huang Jianfeng
Published: April 2019

A rice krispies sphere constructed by hundreds of MoO3 nanoparticles of ∼100 nm with carbon dots of ∼5 nm (MoO3/CDs) is created via a one‐pot hydrothermal synthesis process using CDs as nucleation seeds. The MoO3/CDs shows a reversible capacity of 897.5 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 as an anode material for lithium‐ion battery. Moreover, a discharge capacity of 507 mAh g−1 is achieved after 255 full cycles under a high current density of 0.5 A g−1. The electrochemical performance of the MoO3/CDs is promising due to the MoO3 nanoparticles connected by ultrafine CDs with excellent conductivity. The unique structure effectively alleviate the volume change during the charging/discharging process and improve the ionic and electronic mobility to enhancing the reversible reaction of MoO3.
Extraction of abstracted sensory data to reduce the execution time of context‐aware services in wearable computing environments
Authors: Park Yoosang , Ye Jaehyung , Choi Jongsun , Choi Jaeyoung , Ko Hoon
Published: April 2019

Context awareness is a necessary technique for providing optimized services to users by recognizing their surrounding environment at a particular time. To provide context‐aware services, a context‐aware middleware is required to detect the changes surrounding the user as well as the processing procedure. However, when the context‐aware middleware is applied to wearable computing, the processing time increases in proportion to the increase in the number of context information due to the lack of processing capacity from the terminal devices. To access the terminal devices, a specific context representation with Resource Description Framework–based triplet is used. Since the triplet consists of three keyword elements that refer to the status of a given situation around the user, retrieving these elements takes O(n3) time complexity with a linear search. To overcome this problem, a hash‐based comparison method is suggested to minimize the response time. The suggested comparison method gives a better performance without searching every single keyword element among the triplet sets. In the experiment, we applied the suggested method to the context‐aware workflow middleware and demonstrated that the proposed method improves the processing time by at least 30% compared with the linear search by enhancing the comparison module in the middleware.
Photoresponsive Chiral Dopants: Light‐Driven Helicity Manipulation in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals for Optical and Mechanical Functions
Authors: Kim Yuna , Tamaoki Nobuyuki
Published: April 2019

This Review focuses on recent advancements regarding the design of photoisomerizable chiral dopants which can switch the helical orientation in cholesteric liquid crystals upon light stimuli. Chiral dopants exhibiting conformational change in response to an external stimulus can provide dynamic control of the cholesteric pitch. Development of such responsive systems has been attempted since the 1970s. However, major advances on efficient chiral dopants exhibiting either high helical twisting power or large photoswitching have been achieved only in recent years. This Review covers photoresponsive low molecular weight cholesteric liquid crystal systems based on chiral dopants capable of photochemically “switching power to twist” surrounding liquid crystalline host molecules, “inverting” their handedness or even “inducing” helical organization from the racemic nematic phase.
A theory of pulse dynamics and disturbance in ecology
Authors: Jentsch Anke , White Peter
Published: April 2019

We propose four postulates as the minimum set of logical propositions necessary for a theory of pulse dynamics and disturbance in ecosystems: (1) resource dynamics characterizes the magnitude, rate, and duration of resource change caused by pulse events, including the continuing changes in resources that are the result of abiotic and biotic processes; (2) energy flux characterizes the energy flow that controls the variation in the rates of resource assimilation across ecosystems; (3) patch dynamics characterizes the distribution of resource patches over space and time, and the resulting patterns of biotic diversity, ecosystem structure, and cross‐scale feedbacks of pulses processes; and (4) biotic trait diversity characterizes the evolutionary responses to pulse dynamics and, in turn, the way trait diversity affects ecosystem dynamics during and after pulse events. We apply the four postulates to an important class of pulse events, biomass‐altering disturbances, and derive seven generalizations that predict disturbance magnitude, resource trajectory, rate of resource change, disturbance probability, biotic trait diversification at evolutionary scales, biotic diversity at ecological scales, and functional resilience. Ultimately, theory must define the variable combinations that result in dynamic stability, comprising resistance, recovery, and adaptation.
Semaphorin 7A modulates cytokine‐induced memory‐like responses by human natural killer cells
Authors: Ghofrani Joshua , Lucar Olivier , Dugan Haley , Reeves R. Keith , Jost Stephanie
Published: April 2019

Cytokine‐induced memory‐like (CIML) NK cells are endowed with the capacity to mediate enhanced effector functions upon cytokine or activating receptor restimulation for several weeks following short‐term preactivation with IL‐12, IL‐15, and IL‐18. Promising results from a first‐in‐human clinical trial highlighted the clinical potential of CIML NK cells as adoptive immunotherapy for patients with hematologic malignancies. However, the mechanisms underlying CIML NK cell differentiation and increased functionality remain incompletely understood. Semaphorin 7A (SEMA7A) is a potent immunomodulator expressed in activated lymphocytes and myeloid cells. In this study, we show that SEMA7A is substantially upregulated on NK cells stimulated with cytokines, and specifically marks activated NK cells with a strong potential to release IFN‐γ. In particular, preactivation of NK cells with IL‐12+IL‐15+IL‐18 resulted in greater than tenfold upregulation of SEMA7A and enhanced expression of the ligand for SEMA7A, integrin‐β1, on CIML NK cells. Strikingly, preactivation in the presence of antibodies targeting SEMA7A lead to significantly decreased IFN‐γ production following restimulation. These results imply a novel mechanism by which cytokine‐enhanced SEMA7A/integrin‐β1 interaction promotes CIML NK cell differentiation and maintenance of increased functionality. Our data suggest that targeting SEMA7A/integrin‐β1 signaling might provide a novel immunotherapeutic approach to potentiate antitumor activity of CIML NK cells.
Upstream perturbation and floodplain formation effects on chute‐cutoff‐dominated meandering river pattern and dynamics
Authors: Weisscher Steven A. H. , Shimizu Yasuyuki , Kleinhans Maarten G.
Published: April 2019

A sustained dynamic inflow perturbation and bar–floodplain conversion are considered crucial to dynamic meandering. Past experiments, one‐dimensional modelling and linear theory have demonstrated that the initiation and persistence of dynamic meandering require a periodic transverse motion of the inflow. However, it remains unknown whether the period of the inflow perturbation affects self‐formed meander dynamics. Here, we numerically study the effect of the inflow perturbation period on the development and meander dynamics of a chute‐cutoff‐dominated river, which requires two‐dimensional modelling with vegetation forming floodplain on bars. We extended the morphodynamic model Nays2D with growth and mortality rules of vegetation to allow for meandering. We tested the effect of a transversely migrating inflow boundary by varying the perturbation period between runs over an order of magnitude around typical modelled meander periods. Following the cutoff cascade after initial meander formation from a straight channel, all runs with sufficient vegetation show series of growing meanders terminated by chute cutoffs. This generates an intricate channel belt topography with point bar complexes truncated by chutes, oxbow lakes, and scroll‐bar‐related vegetation age patterns. The sinuosity, braiding index and meander period, which emerge from the inherent biomorphological feedback loops, are unrelated to the inflow perturbation period, although the spin‐up to dynamic equilibrium takes a longer time and distance for weak and absent inflow perturbations. This explains why, in previous experimental studies, dynamic meandering was only accomplished with a sustained upstream perturbation in flumes that were short relative to the meander wavelength. Our modelling of self‐formed meander patterns is evidence that scroll‐bar‐dominated and chute‐cutoff‐dominated meanders develop from downstream convecting instabilities. This insight extends to many more fluvial, estuarine and coastal systems in morphological models and experiments, which require sustained dynamic perturbations to form complex patterns and develop natural dynamics. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
On the differences between mega‐ and meta‐imputation and analysis exemplified on the genetics of age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Gorski Mathias , Günther Felix , Winkler Thomas W. , Weber Bernhard H. F. , Heid Iris M.
Published: April 2019

While current genome‐wide association analyses often rely on meta‐analysis of study‐specific summary statistics, individual participant data (IPD) from multiple studies increase options for modeling. When multistudy IPD is available, however, it is unclear whether this data is to be imputed and modeled across all participants (mega‐imputation and mega‐analysis) or study‐specifically (meta‐imputation and meta‐analysis). Here, we investigated different approaches toward imputation and analysis using 52,189 subjects from 25 studies of the International Age‐related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Genomics Consortium including, 16,144 AMD cases and 17,832 controls for association analysis.

From 27,448,454 genetic variants after 1,000‐Genomes‐based imputation, mega‐imputation yielded ~400,000 more variants with high imputation quality (mostly rare variants) compared to meta‐imputation. For AMD signal detection (P < 5 × 10−8) in mega‐imputed data, most loci were detected with mega‐analysis without adjusting for study membership (40 loci, including 34 known); we considered these loci genuine, since genetic effects and P‐values were comparable across analyses. In meta‐imputed data, we found 31 additional signals, mostly near chromosome tails or reference panel gaps, which disappeared after accounting for interaction of whole‐genome amplification (WGA) with study membership or after excluding studies with WGA‐participants.

For signal detection with multistudy IPD, we recommend mega‐imputation and mega‐analysis, with meta‐imputation followed by meta‐analysis being a computationally appealing alternative.
Embracing Wobble: Exploring Novice Teachers’ Efforts to Enact Dialogic Literacy Instruction
Authors: Stewart Trevor Thomas , Coombs Dawan , Fecho Bob , Hawley Todd
Published: April 2019

Contemporary school contexts present challenges for novice teachers seeking to support students’ literacy development by bringing content into dialogue with students’ lives. These challenges, framed as wobble moments, often contribute to high rates of teacher attrition. However, dialogue with peers, colleagues, and mentors can help teachers learn from the tensions they encounter as they enact dialogic literacy instruction. The authors share the struggles of novice teachers working to enact dialogical practices and describe how an oral inquiry process framework helped them negotiate these challenges. Working from a Bakhtinian stance, the authors present three wobble moments that were connected to school structures, personal and professional identities, and conformity to demonstrate how the oral inquiry process helped the participants learn from the difficulties they faced. Findings suggest that the oral inquiry process framework can help teachers navigate difficulty through dialogue and enact pathways that empower them. Recommendations for implementing this framework are also included.
Growth‐promoting effects of low‐level butyl benzyl phthalate exposure on human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhang Juan , Shi Nian , Li Tao
Published: April 2019

The purpose of present study was to investigate the impact of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) on SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in vitro. The cell counting kit‐8 was used to measure cell proliferation and flow cytometry was utilized to study cell cycle phases and apoptosis. Western blotting and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect levels of aromatase, estrogen receptors (ERs) and some apoptosis and cell cycle‐related genes. Results showed BBP‐stimulated SH‐SY5Y cells in a dose‐dependent manner and produced a reverted U‐shaped dose‐response curve. BBP at lower concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 μm) significantly induced cell proliferation while inhibited cell growth at 300 μm. The promoting effect of estradiol could be entirely blocked by administration of ICI182 780, a pure antagonist of ERs, while the effect of BBP could be partly blocked. Additionally, we confirmed 0.1 μm BBP‐induced cell proliferation caused the arrest of cells in S phase and inhibited apoptosis, which might be partially explained by the decreased expression of p53, the increased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Bcl‐2 and cell cycle regulator cyclin‐D1, and the activation of aromatase. The addition of ICI182 780 had no effect on BBP‐induced ERβ mRNA expression, whereas ICI182 780 could effectively counteract the effect of estradiol. Moreover, pretreatment with ICI182 780 could block the induction of aromatase protein expression and activity by BBP, showing an involvement of ERs. Except for the ER pathway, these results showed there might be other pathways involved in promoting the effects of low‐level BBP on SH‐SY5Y cells, which require further investigation.
Nanofibrous antibiotic‐eluting matrices: Biocompatibility studies in a rat model
Authors: Passos Patrícia C. , Moro Juliana , Barcelos Raquel Cristine Silva , Da Rosa Higor Z. , Vey Luciana T. , Bürguer Marilise Escobar , Maciel Roberto M. , Danesi Cristiane C. , Edwards Paul C. , Bottino Marco C. , Kantorski Karla Z.
Published: April 2019

This study evaluated the biocompatibility of degradable polydioxanone (PDS) electrospun drug delivery systems (hereafter referred as matrices) containing metronidazole (MET) or ciprofloxacin (CIP) after subcutaneous implantation in rats. Sixty adult male rats were randomized into six groups: SHAM (sham surgery); PDS (antibiotic‐free matrix); 1MET (one 25 wt% MET matrix); 1CIP (one 25 wt% CIP matrix); 2MET (two 25 wt% MET matrices); and 2CIP (two 25 wt% CIP matrices). At 3 and 30 days, animals were assessed for inflammatory cell response (ICR), collagen fibers degradation, and oxidative profile (reactive oxygen species [ROS]; lipid peroxidation [LP]; and protein carbonyl [PC]). At 3 days, percentages of no/discrete ICR were 100, 93.3, 86.7, 76.7, 50, and 66.6 for SHAM, PDS, 1MET, 1CIP, 2MET, and 2CIP, respectively. At 30 days, percentages of no/discrete ICR were 100% for SHAM, PDS, 1MET, and 1CIP and 93.3% for 2MET and 2CIP. Between 3 and 30 days, SHAM, 1CIP, and 2CIP produced collagen, while 1MET and 2MET were unchanged. At 30 days, the collagen fiber means percentages for SHAM, PDS, 1MET, 1CIP, 2MET, and 2CIP were 63.7, 60.7, 56.6, 62.6, 51.8, and 61.7, respectively. Antibiotic‐eluting matrices showed similar or better oxidative behavior when compared to PDS, except for CIP‐eluting matrices, which showed higher levels of PC compared to SHAM or PDS at 30 days. Collectively, our findings indicate that antibiotic‐eluting matrices may be an attractive biocompatible drug delivery system to fight periodontopathogens. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B, 2019.
microRNA‐messenger RNA regulatory network of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the identification of miR‐1 as a biomarker of patient survival
Authors: Wei Qiao , Li Xiyi , Yu Weiwei , Zhao Kuaile , Qin Guangqi , Chen Huan , Gu Yanzi , Ding Fei , Zhu Zhengfei , Fu Xiaolong , Sun Menghong
Published: April 2019

Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in tumor carcinogenesis and progression by targeting gene expression. The goal of this study was to comprehensively analyze the vital functional miRNAs and their target genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to explore the clinical significance and mechanisms of miR‐1 in ESCC. First, the miRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles of ESCC were determined with microarray technology. Using an integrated analysis of miRNAs and their target genes with multistep bioinformatics methods, the miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network in ESCC was constructed. Next, miR‐1 expression in 292 ESCC patients and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis were detected by in situ hybridization. Furthermore, the biological functions of miR‐1 were determined with in vitro and in vivo functional experiments. Finally, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify the target genes of miR‐1. In this study, 67 miRNAs and 2992 genes were significantly differentially expressed in ESCC tissues compared with their expression in adjacent normal tissues, and an miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network comprising 59 miRNAs and 162 target mRNAs was identified. Low miR‐1 expression was correlated with pathological T stage, lymph node metastasis, vessel invasion, and poor clinical outcome. miR‐1 suppressed ESCC cell proliferation and invasion and promoted ESCC cell apoptosis. Fibronectin 1 (FN1) was verified as a direct target of miR‐1. Taken together, the present results suggest that miR‐1 may be a valuable prognostic predictor for ESCC, and the miR‐1/FN1 axis may be a therapeutic target.
Differential expression of Ets‐1 in breast cancer among North Indian population
Authors: Nazir Sheeraz Un , Kumar Ramesh , Dil‐Afroze  , Rasool Ishrat , Bondhopadhyay Banashree , Singh Ankita , Tripathi Richa , Singh Neha , Khan Asiya , Tanwar Pranay , Agrawal Usha , Mehrotra Ravi , Hussain Showket
Published: April 2019

Breast cancer is a highly aggressive disease contributing to high mortality rate among females across the globe owing to wide geographical variations, change in lifestyle along with rapid tumor growth, drug resistance, and high metastasis rate. To understand the molecular and genetic basis of breast cancer progression; we studied the role of E26 transformation‐specific‐1 (Ets‐1) transcription factor which is implicated to have a role in carcinogenesis like invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, etc. Our findings revealed an overexpression of Ets‐1 gene in 75 breast cancer tumors as compared with their normal adjacent tissues. The findings significantly established a co‐relation between Ets‐1 expression in breast cancer tissue with hormonal receptor profiles and ductal‐lobular histological subtypes in Indian population. In addition, a differential expression pattern of Ets‐1 was observed between high, moderate, and low grades of breast cancer patients. The present study demonstrates a crucial role of Ets‐1 transcription factor which may serve as a potential biomarker for breast carcinogenesis.
LINC00473/miR‐374a‐5p regulates esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via targeting SPIN1 to weaken the effect of radiotherapy
Authors: Chen Weizuo , Zhang Yanshan , Wang Huijuan , Pan Tingting , Zhang Yinguo , Li Chao
Published: April 2019

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most prevalent type in esophageal cancers. Despite accumulating achievements in treatments of ESCC, patients still suffer from recurrence because of the treatment failures, one of the reasons for which is radioresistance. Therefore, it is a necessity to explore the molecular mechanism underlying ESCC radioresistance. Long intergenic noncoding RNA 473 (LINC00473) has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in several human malignancies. However, its biological function in radiosensitivity of ESCC remains to be fully understood. This study explored the role of LINC00473 in radiosensitivity of ESCC cells and whether LINC00473 acted as a competing endogenous RNA to realize its modulation on radioresistance. We found that LINC00473 was markedly upregulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines, and its expression was remarkably related to cellular response to irradiation. In addition, knockdown of LINC00473 could sensitize ESCC cells to radiation in vitro. As for the underlying mechanism, we uncovered that there was a mutual inhibition between LINC00473 and miR‐374a‐5p. Spindlin1 (SPIN1) was verified as a downstream target of miR‐374a‐5p, and LINC00473 upregulated SPIN1 expression through negatively modulating miR‐374a‐5p expression. Furthermore, we revealed that SPIN1 could aggravate the radioresistance of ESCC cells. Finally, overexpression of SPIN1 reversed the LINC00473 silencing‐enhanced radiosensitivity in ESCC cells. To sum up, we demonstrated that LINC00473 facilitated radioresistance by regulating the miR‐374a‐5p/SPIN1 axis in ESCC.
LncRNA LEF1‐AS1 regulates the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting miR‐544a/PTEN axis
Authors: Zhang Lina , Zhou Changyong , Qin Qiaoji , Liu Zhenfang , Li Peng
Published: April 2019

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in endothelium development. A lncRNA, LEF1‐AS1, is recently emerging as a potent mediator of the proliferation and migration of a number of cells, including smooth muscle cells. However, the effects of LEF1‐AS1 in atherosclerosis remains largely unknown. Specimens from patients with coronary artery atherosclerosis were collected. The quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze levels of LEF1‐AS1 and microRNA‐544a (miR‐544a). Western blot analysis was used to assess PTEN, P‐Akt, and T‐Akt protein expression. Proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells were analyzed by cell counting kit‐8 assay, scratch wound assay, and transwell assay, respectively. The interaction between LEF1‐AS1, miR‐544a, and PTEN was probed using bioinformatical analysis and dual‐luciferase assay. In plasma and tissue of patients with coronary artery atherosclerosis, LEF1‐AS1 was upregulated and miR‐544a was downregulated. A negative correlation was found between LEF1‐AS1 and miR‐544a. miR‐544a overexpression reversed the inhibition of LEF1‐AS1 in smooth muscle cell proliferation and invasion, which were mediated through the PTEN pathway. LEF1‐AS1 regulates smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration through the miR‐544a/PTEN axis, indicating that LEF1‐AS1 may be a potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
Kallikarein‐related peptidase 3 common genetic variant and the risk of prostate cancer
Authors: Motamedi Rouhollah K. , Sarhangi Negar , Afshari Mahdi , Sattari Mahshid , Jamaldini Seyed H. , Samzadeh Mohammad , Mohsen Ziaei Seyed A. , Pourmand Gholam R. , Hasanzad Mandana
Published: April 2019

Kallikarein‐related peptidase 3 (KLK3) gene polymorphisms seem to play a role in susceptibility to prostate cancer (PC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between rs2735839 polymorphism of KLK3 gene and risk of PC in an Iranian population. In this case‐control study, rs2735839 was genotyped in 532 patients with PC and 602 controls with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The frequency of GG, AG, and AA genotypes of KLK3 polymorphism was 24.6% and 76.2%, 46.6% and 21.7%, and 28.8% and 2.1%, in patients with BPH and PC, respectively (P < 0.001). The frequency of G allele in patients with BPH and PC was 47.9% and 87%, respectively (odds ratio: 7.31; confidence interval: 5.88‐9.10; P < 0.001). Patients with AG and GG genotypes had a higher total serum level of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) compared to those with AA genotype (P < 0.001). Patients with this polymorphism had higher risk of tumor with higher grade (P = 0.23), advanced stage (P = 0.11), perineural invasion (P = 0.07), and vascular invasion (P = 0.07) compared to those without it but this difference was not statistically significant. Based on our results, KLK3 gene polymorphism was associated with the risk of PC. Higher levels of PSA in the presence of KLK3 polymorphism in patients with PC indicated that rs2735839 polymorphism could be a risk factor for increased levels of PSA.
TWIST1, MMP‐21, and HLAG‐1 co‐overexpression is associated with ESCC aggressiveness
Authors: Golyan Fatemeh Fardi , Abbaszadegan Mohammad Reza , Forghanifard Mohammad Mahdi
Published: April 2019

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer, requiring reliable biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic responsiveness. TWIST1, as an important factor responsible for metastasis of several cancers, is involved in tumor invasion and metastasis through indirectly regulation of MMP‐21 expression. On the other hand, NF‐ĸβ which is a regulator of HLAG‐1 has direct interaction with TWIST1 protein. In this retrospective study we investigated the clinical significance of TWIST1, MMP‐21, and HLAG‐1 expression in ESCC, and the possible correlation between these genes and progression of the disease. The gene expression analyses of TWIST1, MMP‐21, and HLA‐G1 were performed by relative comparative real‐time polymerase chain reaction in 58 ESCCs compared with corresponding margin‐normal esophageal tissues. Significant overexpression of HLAG‐1, TWIST1, and MMP‐21 messenger RNA was observed in 22.4%, 41.4%, and 60.3% of tumor samples, respectively. Concomitant overexpression of TWIST1/MMP‐21 and TWIST1/HLAG‐1 were significantly correlated to each other in various clinicopathological features, including depth of tumor invasion, stage of tumor progression, lymphatic invasion, and grade of tumor cell differentiation (
P < 0.05). The current study is the first report of coexpression of TWIST1, MMP‐21, and HLAG‐1 in ESCC. Such findings suggest an oncogenic role for concomitant expression of these genes in ESCC invasion and metastasis.
Bioinformatics profiling utilized a nine immune‐related long noncoding RNA signature as a prognostic target for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wei Chunmi , Liang Qingyu , Li Xue , Li Hongyu , Liu Yi , Huang Xiangming , Chen Xiujie , Guo Yongxin , Li Jianjun
Published: April 2019

Purpose

To identify an immune‐related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signature with potential prognostic value for patients with pancreatic cancer.

Methods

Pancreatic cancer samples with available clinical information and whole genomic mRNA expression data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were enrolled in our research. The immune score of each sample was calculated according to the expression level of immune‐related genes and used to identify the most promising immune‐related lncRNAs. According to the risk score developed from screened immune‐related lncRNAs, the high‐ and low‐risk groups were separated on the basis of the median risk score. The prediction reliability was further evaluated in the validation set and combination set. Both gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed for functional annotation, and the microenvironment cell population record was applied to evaluate the immune composition and purity of the tumor.

Results

A cohort of 176 samples was included in this study. A total of 163 immune‐related lncRNAs were collected according to Pearson correlation analyses between immune score and lncRNA expression |R| > 0.5, P < 0.01). Nine immune‐related lncRNAs (AL138966.2, AL133520.1, AC142472.1, AC127024.5, AC116913.1, AC083880.1, AC124016.1, AC008443.5, and AC092171.5) with the most significant prognostic values (P < 0.01) were identified. In the training set, it was observed that patients in the low‐risk group showed longer overall survival (OS) than those in the high‐risk group (P < 0.001); meanwhile, similar results were found in the validation set, combination set and various stratified sets (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, the signature was identified as an independent prognostic factor and significantly associated with the OS of pancreatic cancer. The area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) for the nine lncRNA signature in predicting the 2‐year survival rate was 0.703. In addition, the low‐risk and high‐risk groups displayed different distributed patterns in PCA and different immune statuses in the GSEA. The signature indicated decreased purity of the tumor by implying a lower proportion of cancer cells along with an increasing enrichment of fibroblasts, myeloid dendritic cells, and monocytic lineage cells.

Conclusions

Our research suggests that the immune‐related lncRNA signature possesses latent prognostic value for patients with pancreatic cancer and may provide new information for immunological research and treatment in pancreatic cancer.
miR‐144 reverses cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer via targeting LHX2
Authors: Shi Fan , Su Jin , Liu Zi , Wang Jiquan , Wang Tao
Published: April 2019

Mounting evidence showed that microRNAs involve in development and chemoresistance of various human cancers. We explored the roles and mechanisms of miR‐144 in resistance to cisplatin (CDDP) of cervical cancer cells. miR‐144 and LIM homeobox 2 (LHX2) expression in CDDP‐resistant and the parental cells was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot analysis, respectively. The functions of miR‐144 overexpression on cell viability, the incidence of apoptosis, the activity of caspase‐3/7, the cleaved‐caspase‐3 expression, cell migration, and invasion were determined in Hela cells and Hela/CDDP cells. Overexpression of miR‐144 reduced cell viability, induced cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell migration and invasion after CDDP treatment. Besides, a luciferase reporter system demonstrated that miR‐144 could directly bind to the 3′ untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of LHX2 messenger RNA (mRNA). Gain expression of miR‐144 decreased the expression of LHX2 both in mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, restoration of LHX2 partly abolished the biological functions of miR‐144 in resistance of cervical cancer cells. Taken together, miR‐144 overcomes resistance to CDDP via promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting invasion through targeting LHX2 in cervical cancer cells.