bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CMOS Wideband Low-Pass Filter Using Complementary Structured OPAMP for Wideband System Applications
Authors: Noh Chang-Kyun , Lee Hyun-Yeop , Kang Ho-Jin , Kim Seong-Tae , Park Ho-Seon , Kim Young-Jin
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a CMOS wideband low-pass filter is proposed. In the wide band active filter design, the unit gain frequency (GBW) of OPAMP should be larger than GHz. The GBW of the proposed OPAMP is around 2.3 GHz. Additionally, the OPAMP with a complementary structure in signal and common mode feedback is proposed and has a wide operating voltage range at the input and output. The 1-dB gain compression point (P1dB) at the output is 4.9 dBm. A source follower is employed for driving 50 Ω output impedance without degrading the bandwidth and linearity of the filter. The power consumption is 27 mW from a 1-V supply voltage. The 3 dB bandwidth of the filter ranges from 330 MHz to 660 MHz with 3-bit cap tuning. This work is implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process, with a chip area of 0.18 mm2.
A pilot sentinel surveillance system to monitor treatment and treatment outcomes of chronic hepatitis B and C infections in clinical centres in three European countries, 2019
Authors: Nardone Anthony , Nerlander Lina , Duffell Erika , Valenciano Marta , Buti Maria , Marcos-Fosch Cristina , Nemeth-Blažić Tatjana , Popovici Odette , Vince Adriana , Filip Petruta Violeta , Filipec Tajana , Kosanović Ličina Mirjana Lana , Luksic Boris , Nonković Diana , Pop Corina Silvia , Radu Fabiana , Teodorescu Irina , Topan Adriana Violeta
Published: February 2023

Background

The World Health Organization European Action Plan 2020 targets for the elimination of viral hepatitis are that > 75% of eligible individuals with chronic hepatitis B (HBV) or hepatitis C (HCV) are treated, of whom > 90% achieve viral suppression.

Aim

To report the results from a pilot sentinel surveillance to monitor chronic HBV and HCV treatment uptake and outcomes in 2019.

Methods

We undertook retrospective enhanced data collection on patients with a confirmed chronic HBV or HCV infection presenting at one of seven clinics in three countries (Croatia, Romania and Spain) for the first time between 1 January 2019 and 30 June 2019. Clinical records were reviewed from date of first attendance to 31 December 2019 and data on sociodemographics, clinical history, laboratory results, treatment and treatment outcomes were collected. Treatment eligibility, uptake and case outcome were assessed.

Results

Of 229 individuals with chronic HBV infection, treatment status was reported for 203 (89%). Of the 80 individuals reported as eligible for treatment, 51% (41/80) were treated of whom 89% (33/37) had achieved viral suppression. Of 240 individuals with chronic HCV infection, treatment status was reported for 231 (96%). Of 231 eligible individuals, 77% (179/231) were treated, the majority of whom had received direct acting antivirals (99%, 174/176) and had achieved sustained virological response (98%, 165/169).

Conclusion

Treatment targets for global elimination were missed for HBV but not for HCV. A wider European implementation of sentinel surveillance with a representative sample of sites could help monitor progress towards achieving hepatitis control targets.
High occurrence of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Vagococcus lutrae harbouring oxazolidinone resistance genes in raw meat-based diets for companion animals – a public health issue, Switzerland, September 2018 to May 2020
Authors: Nüesch-Inderbinen Magdalena , Heyvaert Lore , Treier Andrea , Zurfluh Katrin , Cernela Nicole , Biggel Michael , Stephan Roger
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Enterococci harbouring genes encoding resistance to florfenicol and the oxazolidinone antimicrobial linezolid have emerged among food-producing animals and meat thereof, but few studies have analysed their occurrence in raw meat-based diets (RMBDs) for pets.

Aim

We aimed to examine how far RMBDs may represent a source of bacteria with oxazolidinone resistance genes.

Methods

Fifty-nine samples of different types of RMBDs from 10 suppliers (three based in Germany, seven in Switzerland) were screened for florfenicol-resistant Gram-positive bacteria using a selective culture medium. Isolates were phenotypically and genotypically characterised.

Results

A total of 27 Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Vagococcus lutrae isolates were obtained from 24 of the 59 samples. The optrA, poxtA, and cfr genes were identified in 24/27, 6/27 and 5/27 isolates, respectively. Chloramphenicol and linezolid minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 24.0 mg/L–256.0 mg/L, and 1.5 mg/L–8.0 mg/L, respectively. According to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints, 26 of 27 isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (MICs ≥ 32 mg/L), and two were resistant to linezolid (MICs ≥ 8 mg/L). Multilocus sequence typing analysis of the 17 E. faecalis isolates identified 10 different sequence types (ST)s, with ST593 (n = 4 isolates) and ST207 (n = 2 isolates) occurring more than once, and two novel STs (n = 2 isolates). E. faecium isolates belonged to four different STs (168, 264, 822, and 1846).

Conclusion

The high occurrence in our sample of Gram-positive bacteria harbouring genes encoding resistance to the critical antimicrobial linezolid is of concern since such bacteria may spread from companion animals to humans upon close contact between pets and their owners.
“WAS FOUNDED THIS ICON IN REMEMBRANCE OF GOD’S GOODNESS”. THE FAMILY ICON OF THE KALUGA NOBLES PIRAMIDOVS
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Golubev Valentin A.
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the history of the creation, iconography, and style of a family icon of the Piramidovs nobles from Kaluga. According to the inscription on its back the reason for ordering was Olga Piramidova’s satisfaction at the court claim. That event took place at the end of 1800. Based on historical evidence the litigation can be associated with the “Pyramidovs’ case”. The iconographic program of the monument is typical for the noble taste: the patronal saints of the family members are depicted with dialogical express in their figures. The images of St. Luke and St. Philip reflect the memorial character of the icon, since their ecclesiastical commemoration coincided with beginning and the end of the court case. Careful analysis of those and other details helps to understand the principles of identity formation scenarios and memory strategies among the Russian provincial nobility. Thanks to precise dating and a confirmed connection to a noble family permanently residing in Kaluga province, the icon becomes an important point of reference in determining the distinctive stylistic features of certain Kaluga icons. Through a series of analogies, a stylistically unified group is formed, oriented towards samples of late Moscow Baroque and associated with the aesthetic preferences of the nobility
THEORETICAL SOCIOLOGY IN MODERN RUSSIA: THE CASE OF A.F. FILIPPOV
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Kozyreva Ol’ga V.
Published: February 2023

In the 1990s, Russian sociology made up for the lack of knowledge of Western and pre-revolutionary Russian sociology. The study of Western sociology brought the understanding that there is no well-proportioned building of Western theoretical sociology. Comprehending the results of the reforms, which contradicted the predictions of Russian sociologists, and comparing them with the works of the classics of sociology led to a change in the views of Russian sociologists. Therefore, in the mid-1990s, some Russian sociologists raised the question of creating a theory of post-Soviet society. In such conditions, an article by A.F. Filippov appeared, in which it was argued that there is no theoretical sociology in Russia, the question of creating a national sociology in Russia was raised, the principles of a “good” theory were considered. The article provoked discussions in the sociological community for two decades. Opinions ranged from full support of A.F. Filippov’s theses to denial of the need for theoretical sociology in Russia. It was important to reject the statement about the non-existence of theoretical sociology in Russia, and that gave impetus to the development of new theories.
TEACHER: SIDES OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Bulanova Marina B.
Published: February 2023

The article aims to show the various sides of the teaching profession, to determine the features of professional training in that field of human activity. Using the methodology of M. Weber, the author reveals the reasons for the influence of a teacher on his students, associated with the preservation of traditions, special personal charisma, as well as business competencies. Proposing to divide teachers into two groups (by vocation and by profession), the author touches on a sore subject that caused a wide public discussion – the attribution of education to the service sector. To determine the specifics of the profession, the sociotechnological approach proposed by Zh.T. Toshchenko, according to which the intellectual, sensory-perceptual, organizational and moral components of the teacher’s personality are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the importance of motivation in choosing the profession of a teacher. Notably the internal motives associated with the awareness of one’s vocation and abilities for teaching communication with children that create the necessary positive attitude to engage in pedagogical activities. Finally, the article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of modern teacher training in classical and pedagogical universities.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING DOMESTIC INVESTMENT IN NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE
Authors: Juanda Reza , Mardianti Indah
Published: February 2023

This study examined the effect of inflation, exchange rates, and interest rates on domestic investment in the province of North Sumatra for the 2010-2020 period. This study used the Multiple Linear Regression method. The results partially indicated that inflation negatively and insignificantly influenced domestic investment, the exchange rate positively but insignificantly influenced domestic investment, and the interest rate negatively and insignificantly influenced domestic investment in Indonesia. North Sumatra Province. Simultaneously, inflation, exchange rate, and interest rate positively and significantly influenced domestic investment in North Sumatra.
Efecto de la labranza y fertilización nitrogenada en los cultivos de fréjol y maíz sobre indicadores biológicos de la calidad de un suelo andino del Ecuador
Authors: Llanga Leyda , Avila-Salem María Eugenia , Montesdeoca Fabián , Aponte Humberto , Ron-Garrido Lenin , Espinosa José , Rivera Marco , Borie Fernando , Cornejo Pablo , Alvarado Ochoa Soraya
Published: February 2023

Los parámetros biológicos son usados como indicadores tempranos en la calidad de un suelo (ICS) agrícola, ya que responden rápidamente al manejo antrópico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto del sistema de labranza: siembra directa (SD) y labranza convencional (LC), y de la fertilización nitrogenada después de los cultivos de fréjol y maíz, sobre ciertos indicadores biológicos de la calidad del suelo. El estudio se realizó sobre un molisol de la región andina del Ecuador. Se determinó la biomasa microbiana (BM), respiración microbiana (RM), y actividad enzimática (fosfatasa ácida, hidrólisis de la fluoresceína-diacetato [FDA], y β-glucosidasa [β-G]). Los resultados mostraron que la fosfatasa presentó la mayor actividad bajo LC, la FDA respondió al efecto de los niveles altos de nitrógeno (N), la actividad de la enzima β-G fue mayor en LC. Adicionalmente, el análisis de componentes principales seleccionó a los indicadores biológicos estudiados, como ICS. Se concluye que los indicadores biológicos del suelo fueron afectados por las prácticas de manejo estudiadas.
ARL Statistics 2021
Authors: Mian Anam , Gross Holly
Published: February 2023

This edition of the ARL Statistics describes the collections, staffing, expenditures, and service activities of the 125 Association of Research Libraries member libraries in the US and Canada in 2021.
O BRASIL NAS GUERRAS DOS OUTROS
Authors: Mros Gunther Richter
Published: February 2023

O processo de envolvimento do Brasil nas duas Guerras Mundiais — a Primeira Guerra ocorreu de 1914 a 1918 e a Segunda Guerra de 1939 a 1945 — se deu por meio de alguns fatores no âmbito da política interna com reflexos diretos sobre a postura internacional do país. Analisar as decisões tomadas, tanto por Wenceslau Braz (1868-1966) — que governou de 15 de novembro de 1914 a 15 de novembro de 1918 —, por meio da declaração de guerra de 1917, quanto por Getúlio Vargas (1882-1954) — que governou pela primeira vez entre 3 de novembro de 1930 e 29 de outubro de 1945 —, que declarou igualmente o estado de beligerância em 1942, com o conflito já bastante adiantado, é analisar o ápice de intensos acontecimentos no âmago da sociedade brasileira. Sociedade esta, percebida pela historiografia como tendo vivido dois distintos momentos de organização do Estado nacional, e que buscava ainda consolidar fatores identitários do Brasil. Entre as duas declarações de guerra transcorreu um período de vinte e cinco anos que compreende o centenário da Independência e algumas décadas de República.
Implementasi Perencanaan Pendidikan dalam Meningkatkan Karakter Bangsa melalui Penguatan Pelaksanaan Kurikulum
Authors: Ichsan Fauqa Nuri , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Published: February 2023

Pendidikan adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya untuk memiliki kekuatan spiritual keagamaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, kecerdasan, akhlak mulia, serta keterampilan yang diperlukan dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa dan Negara. Tujuan penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi perencanaan pendidikan dalam mengembangkan karakter bangsa. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pola pengembangan Sekolah berupa pengembangan karakter melalui proses pembelajaran, manajemen, dan ekstrakurikuler siswa yang lebih inten dan teratur.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Articulate Storyline 3 Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Mata Pelajaran IPA di SDN 2 Gantarang Keke Kabupaten Bantaeng
Authors: Jais Mudeing , Amri Ulil
Published: February 2023

Articulate Storyline yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dikarenakan software ini masih jarang dipakai oleh guru dibandingkan dengan media berbasis PowerPoint ataupun Adobe Flash. Padahal Articulate Storyline ini dipandang sangat bisa diterapkan dalam mata pelajaran IPA di SMP Negeri 2 Gantarang Keke Kabupaten Bantaeng. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hasil belajar siswa dengan memanfaatkan media pembelajaran berbasis Articulate Storyline 3 pada mata pelajaran IPA materi struktur bumi dan dinamikanya siswa kelas VII A SMP Negeri 2 Gantarangkeke Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu One Group Pretest-Posttest, dimana penelitian dilakukan dengan membandingkan keadaan sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran. Dalam desain penelitian ini kelas eskperimen diberi tes awal (pretest) pada awal pertemuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan awal siswa sebelum diberikan pembelajaran IPA dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis Articulate Storyline 3. Hasil penelitian dan analisa data mengenai perbandingan nilai statistik, perbandingan kategori hasil belajar, dan perbandingan tingkat ketuntasan telah membuktikan terjadinya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas VII A SMP Negeri 2 Gantarangkeke.
The Function of Islamic Boarding School as a Driver of Social Change: Case Study of Mamba'ul Ishlah Islamic Boarding School in East Lampung
Authors: Khaerul Umam  , Mubarok Husni
Published: February 2023

The habit of getting drunk and gambling rampant in the Cirebon Baru hamlet is a general problem faced by the community in Indonesia. This habit is considered a negative one because it contradicts the norms that the community has agreed upon. This negative behavior changed with the birth and development of the Mamba'ul Ishlah Islamic boarding school, driven by several religious leaders. This article aims to analyze the structural functionalism process carried out by the boarding school through its religious leaders so that it can change the social system of the community in a more positive direction. Through a case study approach, this article explains in an analytical descriptive manner. The theory used to analyze the case is Talcott Parson's structural functionalism which includes adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency pattern. This article found two important things related to the role of Islamic boarding schools in social change in the community, namely the cultural part by taking a more persuasive and intimate approach, namely by cutting the communication distance with the community through the tradition of jagongan and jokes. Second, the structural role is by utilizing the increasing social status of religious leaders so that they have complete legitimacy to direct the community in a more positive direction, namely the perpetuation of spiritual routines such as yasinan, istighotsah, shalawat assemblies, and yellow book recitation.
Determination of the Degree of Unsaturation in Essential Oils
Authors: Agafonov A. M. , Remezova I. P. , Kosenko V. V. , Bunyatyan N. D. , Anosovа L. S. , Evteev V. A.
Published: February 2023

Being widely used, medicinal products based on vegetable oils require strict regulation and evaluation of quality attributes, determination of shelf-life periods, and monitoring of storage conditions. The most common testing method for unsaturated compounds in vegetable oils is the iodine value determination, which has a range     of limitations. An alternative method for determining the degree of unsaturation is based on epoxidation.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of determining the degree of unsaturation of terpenoids and essential oils using peroxycarboxylic acids.

Materials and methods. The authors performed epoxidation of linalool, myrcene, and lemon oil with peroxydecanoic and peroxyoctanoic acids, followed by iodometric titration of the excess acid.

Results. The study demonstrated the possibility of measuring the degree of unsaturation of the selected essential oil and terpenoids using peracid epoxidation.   The authors developed a procedure for determining the iodine value of essential oils and calculated the iodine values of linalool, myrcene, and lemon oil. Epoxidation proceeded as a second-order reaction. The authors obtained the following reaction rate constants: 3.9 L×mol–1×min–1 for linalool (298 К), 1.76 L×mol–1×min–1 for myrcene converting to monoxide (298 К), 0.044 L×mol–1×min–1 for myrcene epoxide converting to diepoxide (298 К), and 3.9 L×mol–1×min–1 for lemon oil (297 К).

Conclusions. The suggested procedure involving peracid titration for rapid and efficient determination of the degree of unsaturation (iodine value) provides a potential basis for developing a quantification method for total unsaturated bioactive compounds in essential oils.
A Causal Latent Transition Model With Multivariate Outcomes and Unobserved Heterogeneity: Application to Human Capital Development
Authors: Bartolucci Francesco , Pennoni Fulvia , Vittadini Giorgio
Published: February 2023

In order to evaluate the effect of a policy or treatment with pre- and post-treatment outcomes, we propose an approach based on a transition model, which may be applied with multivariate outcomes and accounts for unobserved heterogeneity. This model is based on potential versions of discrete latent variables representing the individual characteristic of interest and may be cast in the hidden (latent) Markov literature for panel data. Therefore, it can be estimated by maximum likelihood in a relatively simple way. The approach extends the difference-in-difference method as it is possible to deal with multivariate outcomes. Moreover, causal effects may be expressed with respect to transition probabilities. The proposal is validated through a simulation study, and it is applied to evaluate educational programs administered to pupils in the sixth and seventh grades during their middle school period. These programs are carried out in an Italian region to improve non-cognitive skills (CSs). We study if they impact also on students’ CSs in Italian and Mathematics in the eighth grade, exploiting the pretreatment test scores available in the fifth grade. The main conclusion is that the educational programs aimed to develop noncognitive abilities help the best students to maintain their higher cognitive abilities over time.
Effect assessment of manufacture technology of stiffeners on performance properties of car body parts
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Pankratyev D. D. , Konoplin A. Yu. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI)
Published: February 2023

The effect analysis of the technology of molding products made of polymer composite materials (fiberglass) with stiffeners made of various materials on their resistance to operational factors has been carried out. The technologies of manufacturing fiberglass parts by vacuum infusion and manual contact molding with metal and composite stiffeners were considered. The influence of the technology of forming products with stiffeners made of various materials on their resistance to aggressive media is shown.
Corifollitropin Alfa Compared to Daily Recombinant FSH in in Vitro Fertilization Programmes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized-Controlled Trials
Authors: Budani Maria Cristina , Fensore Stefania , Di Marzio Marco , Tiboni Gian Mario
Published: February 2023

Background: Corifollitropin alfa (CFA) is a long-acting recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) used for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). Several studies analyzing the clinical efficacy and safety of CFA compared to daily rFSH during COS have been carried out. The present study offers a meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this topic. Methods: A computerized search of the published literature was carried out using PubMed, MEDLINE, Science direct and Google Scholar databases. The comparison between CFA and daily rFSH treatments during COS were investigated only in RCTs. The primary endpoint of the study is represented by the number of total oocytes retrieved at ovum pick-up. The studies included in the analysis were pooled together in order to estimate the log odds ratio (OR) or the mean difference (MD) along with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) by using a random effects model. The heterogeneity between the studies was evaluated with the Higgins and Chi-square tests. Results: The study examined a total of twelve RCTs published from 2004 to date and included a total of 4980 patients, with 2664 receiving CFA and 2316 patients receiving daily rFSH for COS. Women treated with CFA had higher number of total oocytes retrieved at ovum pick-up (MD 0.91, 95% CI [0.34, 1.49], p = 0.001), and higher number of metaphase II (MII) oocytes (MD 1.00, 95% CI [0.37, 1.62], p = 0.002) compared to those receiving daily rFSH. There were no significant differences between the two study groups regarding the other outcomes analyzed. The subgroup analysis performed comparing “normal” versus “poor” responders revealed that normal responders receiving CFA showed an higher cancellation rate, with respect to those receiving rFSH. Conclusions: This study shows that COS with CFA results in a higher number of oocytes retrieved at ovum pick-up in comparison with daily rFSH.
Is miR-223 Upregulation in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases a Protective Response?
Authors: Chen Jiezhong , Vitetta Luis
Published: February 2023

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by chronic inflammation and damage of colonocytes with etiology of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. MicroRNA-223 (miR-223) has been found to be increased in both IBD patients and animal colitis models. However, contentious opinions relevant to the roles of miR-223 in IBD have been reported. Notwithstading that most studies have described that miR-223 has anti-inflammatory effects, several reports have progressed a pro-inflammatory view. In this review, we summarise both the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects of miR-223 on key molecules in inflammatory responses in both animal models and in patients diagnosed with IBD and objectively discuss the possible basis for the discrepancies.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Promotes Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases 1 and 3 in Spinal Cord Astrocytes following Gecko Tail Amputation
Authors: Zhang Haijun , Sun Chunshuai , He Bingqiang , Zhang Xingyuan , Hao Huifei , Hou Yuxuan , Li Aicheng , Wang Yongjun , Wang Yingjie
Published: February 2023

Background: The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that play a variety of physiological and pathological roles in development, remodeling of tissues and diseases, mainly through degradation of various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Particularly, the MMPs have increasingly been found to mediate neuropathology following spinal cord injury (SCI). Proinflammatory mediators are potent activators of the MMPs. However, how the spinal cord regenerative vertebrates circumvent MMPs-mediated neuropathogenesis following SCI remains unclear. Methods: Following the establishment of gecko tail amputation model, the correlation of MMP-1 (gMMP-1) and MMP-3 (gMMP-3) expression with that of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in gecko (gMIF) was assayed by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Transcriptome sequencing of primary astrocytes was performed to analyze the intracellular signal transduction of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). The effects of MMP-1 and MMP-3 induced by MIF on astrocyte migration were assessed by transwell migration assay. Results: The expression of gMIF significantly increased at lesion site of the injured cord, in parallel with those of gMMP-1 and gMMP-3 in the gecko astrocytes (gAS). Transcriptome sequencing and in vitro cell model revealed that gMIF efficiently promoted the expression of gMMP-1 and gMMP-3 in gAS, which in turn contributed to the migration of gAS. Inhibition of gMIF activity following gecko SCI remarkably attenuated astrocytic expression of the two MMPs, and further influenced gecko tail regeneration. Conclusions: Gecko SCI following tail amputation promoted production of gMIF, which induced the expression of gMMP-1 and gMMP-3 in gAS. The gMIF-mediated gMMP-1 and gMMP-3 expression was involved in gAS migration and successful tail regeneration.
Inflammation- and Tissue Remodeling-Related Gene Responses in Skeletal Muscle of Heart Failure Patients Following High-Intensity Interval Training
Authors: Tryfonos Andrea , Tzanis Georgios , Karatzanos Εleftherios , Koutsilieris Michael , Nanas Serafim , Philippou Anastassios
Published: February 2023

Background: Peripheral myopathy consists a hallmark of heart failure (HF) and has been associated with poor prognosis. Inflammation has been suggested to dominate this pathology, while exercise training is typically associated with the induction of anti-inflammatory mechanisms. However, the current knowledge regarding the involvement of inflammation-related genes in the exercise training-induced muscle adaptations in HF patients is very limited. Given that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) alone or combined with strength training (COM) has gained ground in HF cardiac rehabilitation, this study aimed to investigate the local muscle expression of inflammatory and tissue remodeling factors in HF patients, who underwent 3 months of these training schemes. In addition, we examined whether these exercise training-induced gene expression responses are associated with changes in exercise capacity in those patients. Methods: Thirteen male patients with chronic HF (age: 51 ± 13 y; body mass index (BMI): 27 ± 4 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to a 3-month exercise program consisted of either HIIT (N = 6) or COM training (N = 7). Muscle tissue biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis pre- and post-training and transcriptional changes in interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-1 alpha (TNF-1α), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) were quantified by RT-PCR. Results: An overall increase in the expression levels of selected inflammatory (IL-8, TNF-1α) and remodeling factors (uPAR) was found post-training (p < 0.05), while IL-6, uPA and TGF-β1 gene expression remained unchanged (p > 0.05). The observed alterations did not differ between training groups. Additionally, IL-8 changes were found to be correlated with the improvement in exercise capacity post-training (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This is the first study demonstrating an increase in intramuscular inflammatory and remodeling key factors induced by HIIT or COM training in HF patients. Combining these observations with our previous findings of improved muscle hypertrophy and capillarization post-training in these patients, the findings of the present study may suggest that inflammatory responses are part of an ongoing remodeling process in the exercising skeletal muscle. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02387411.
Clinical Application of Myocardial Perfusion SPECT in Patients with Suspected or Known Coronary Artery Disease. What Role in the Multimodality Imaging Era?
Authors: Maffeis Caterina , Dondi Francesco , Ribichini Flavio Luciano , Giubbini Raffaele , Gimelli Alessia
Published: February 2023

Myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is widely used in assessing coronary artery disease (CAD) owing to its proven efficacy in extensive clinical experience. Like other functional tests, myocardial SPECT is recommended for the diagnosis of obstructive CAD, risk stratification assessment, and treatment decision making. Besides quantifying left ventricular volume, global and regional function by electrocardiography (ECG)-gated acquisition, myocardial SPECT can identify myocardial ischemia, scars, stunning, and viable hibernating myocardium. It provides comprehensive functional data across the spectrum of CAD and a cost-effective strategy in patients with intermediate pre-test probability of CAD or with a history of ischemic cardiomyopathy. With ongoing advances in cardiovascular prevention and risk factor management many patients referred for testing now have a low-to-intermediate probability of CAD. Besides, CAD has become a chronic condition resulting from novel therapeutic strategies. Against this background, approaches combining anatomical and functional tests in sequence or simultaneously include coronary artery calcium score integrated with perfusion imaging or fusion SPECT/coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). In this review we summarize current indications for myocardial perfusion SPECT and integration of SPECT with other imaging techniques to improve diagnostic performance, patient management, and outcome prediction in CAD.
Transcatheter Mitral Valve-in-Valve Implantation Applying a Long Pre-Curved Sheath for Patients with Degenerated Bioprosthetic Mitral Valve
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhai Mengen , Xu Chennian , Li Lanlan , Mao Yu , Ma Yanyan , Jin Ping , Xue Wuchao , Yang Jian
Published: February 2023

Backgrounds: Percutaneous transseptal transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve implantation (TMViV) has become an alternative minimally invasive treatment choice for patients with degenerated mitral bioprosthesis and high surgical risk. However, transseptal approach is more technically challenging than transapical approach in TMViV procedures. Objective: The objective of this study was to introduce the experience of applying long pre-curved sheaths in transseptal TMViV procedures and to evaluate the effect of long pre-curved sheath techniques in TMViV procedures. Methods: Between January 2020 and December 2021, 27 patients with degenerated bioprosthetic mitral valve underwent TMViV procedures using a balloon-expandable valve via the transseptal approach. The regular 14/16F expandable sheath were used for low-profile delivery in first 10 cases, and 22F long pre-curved sheath were used in the next 17 cases during procedures. We retrospectively reviewed the catheter techniques, perioperative characteristics, and prognosis. The median follow-up time was 12 (1–21) months. To further scrutinize our data, we divided the group into the early 10 patients using 14/16F expandable sheath and the subsequent 17 patients with long pre-curved sheath in order to assess the impact of different sheaths and procedural details on outcomes. Results: Procedural success was obtained in all patients with no in-hospital mortality. Seventeen patients received 26 mm prostheses; the remaining ten patients received 29 mm prostheses. Post balloon dilatation was performed in one case. Total procedure time was (96.1 ± 28.2) min, the fluoroscopic time was (27.4 ± 6.5) min, and total contrast volume was (50.7 ± 10.1) mL. One patient received blood transfusion because of hemorrhage at the femoral puncture site. One patient received a permanent pacemaker implantation due to high-degree atrioventricular block at postoperative day 3. There were no other major post-procedure complications and the median length of hospital stay was 4 days. Twenty-five (92.6%) patients improved by ≥1 New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class at 30 days. In subsequent sub analysis, there were shorter procedural time [(85.2 ± 24.3) vs. (115.2 ± 25.6) min, p = 0.0048] and shorter fluoroscopic time [(24.3 ± 5.2) vs. (31.3 ± 5.1) min, p = 0.0073] in cases with the long pre-curved sheath than ones with regular expandable sheath. The iatrogenic atrial septal defect (ASD) closure was performed because of the transeptal large right to left shunt in 2 cases with regular expandable sheath, but no patient needed intraoperative ASD closure in cases with the long pre-curved sheath. Conclusions: Transseptal TMViV using long pre-curved sheath could simplify transseptal approach with reliable outcomes for patients of degenerated mitral bioprosthesis.
The Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategy of Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3
Authors: Liu Yong , Guan Xu , Shao Yuming , Zhou Jie , Huang Yinghui
Published: February 2023

Cardiorenal syndrome type 3 (CRS3) is defined as acute kidney injury (AKI)-induced acute cardiac dysfunction, characterized by high morbidity and mortality. CRS3 often occurs in elderly patients with AKI who need intensive care. Approximately 70% of AKI patients develop into CRS3. CRS3 may also progress towards chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is currently no effective treatment. Although the major intermediate factors that can mediate cardiac dysfunction remain elusive, recent studies have summarized the AKI biomarkers, identified direct mechanisms, including mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), inflammasome, as well as indirect mechanisms such as fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, acidemia and uremic toxins, which are involved in the pathophysiological changes of CRS3. This study reviews the main pathological characteristics, underlying molecular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic strategies of CRS3. Mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory factors have been identified as the key initiators and abnormal links between the impaired heart and kidney, which contribute to the formation of a vicious circle, ultimately accelerating the progression of CRS3. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction, antioxidants, Klotho, melatonin, gene therapy, stem cells, exosomes, nanodrugs, intestinal microbiota and Traditional Chinese Medicine may serve as promising therapeutic approaches against CRS3.
Acute Blood Pressure Response to Different Types of Isometric Exercise: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: CONEGLIAN Juliana C. , BARCELOS Guilherme T. , BANDEIRA Antonio Cleilson N. , CARVALHO Ana Carolina A. , CORREIA Marilia A. , FARAH Breno Q. , RITTI-DIAS Raphael M. , GERAGE Aline M.
Published: February 2023

Background: This study aimed to identify the blood pressure (BP) responses during different types of isometric exercises (IE) in adults and to evaluate whether BP responses according to IE is influenced by the characteristics of participants and exercise protocols. Methods: The search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Central, SPORTDiscus, and LILACS databases in June 2020. Random effects models with a 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05 were used in the analyses. Results: Initially, 3201 articles were found and, finally, 102 studies were included in this systematic review, seven of which were included in the meta-analysis comparing handgrip to other IE. Two-knee extension and deadlift promoted greater increases in systolic (+9.8 mmHg; p = 0.017; I2 = 74.5% and +26.8 mmHg; p ≤ 0.001; I2 = 0%, respectively) and diastolic (+7.9 mmHg; p = 0.022; I2 = 68.6% and +12.4 mmHg; p ≤ 0.001; I2 = 36.3%, respectively) BP compared to handgrip. Men, middle-aged/elderly adults, hypertensive individuals, and protocols with higher intensities potentiate the BP responses to handgrip exercise (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: IE involving larger muscle groups elicit greater BP responses than those involving smaller muscle masses, especially in men, middle-aged/elderly adults and hypertensive individuals. Future studies should directly compare BP responses during various types of IE in different populations.
Differential expression of RPL3L in pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and pancreatic cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined published microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with pancreatic cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding ribosomal protein L3-like, RPL3L, when comparing pancreatic tumors to the tissue of origin, the pancreas. RPL3L mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the pancreas as compared to normal pancreatic tissue. RPL3L expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human PDAC.
Assessing the impact of war on the water supply infrastructure in Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Shishaye Haile  Arefayne , Gebremicael Tesfay  G. , Meresa Hadush , Gebre Fasil  A. , Kidanu Shishay
Published: February 2023

Armed conflicts throughout the world can have substantial impacts on private and public infrastructure and its people. Over the last two decades, the regional government of Tigray in Ethiopia has invested extensively in developing surface and groundwater resources for water supply leading to 61% of rural and 57% of urban populations having access to safe drinking water by 2020. However, the Ethiopian Government and its allies’ invasion of Tigray in the early November 2020 led to considerable damage and devastation of Tigray's water infrastructure. This study assessed the damage to Tigray's water supply systems and determined the impact on its people. The study, conducted between late 2021 and early 2022, found that the destruction reduced the rural and urban water supply coverage of the region by over 50% (i.e., reduced to 28% and 25%, respectively). The war exposed more than 3.7 million people in Tigray to a shortage of drinking water supply and water-related risks, such as disease and food insecurity. Over the past 15 months of the war, the damage to the water supply infrastructures in Tigray was considerably higher than in other regional conflicts, with the damage in Tigray being 15% higher than the damage to Syria's drinking water supply infrastructures over 10 years of conflict and 6% higher than the damage to Yemen's water supply infrastructures over seven years of conflict. This study shows the significant and long-term impacts armed conflict can have on a developing country's water infrastructure and people. In future conflicts, monitors and aid agencies must assess this more adequately to limit the impact on civilian populations.
A multi-spatial analysis and the balanced requirements of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) and urban inhabitants in the Cuyahoga River watershed
Authors: Krebs Robert  A , Atwell Tamar  A. , Andrikanich Rachel  E. , Elder Rachel  A.
Published: February 2023

Water quality in the Cuyahoga River, a national heritage river of the United States, has improved greatly since the infamous river fire of 1969, but much of the watershed faces combined demands of a state scenic river valued for nature and the primary water source for surrounding cities. A comparative analysis of mussel abundance was applied to test success between water improvements and mussel assemblages in two similarly sized sub-watersheds, the uper reaches of the Cuyahoga River and an isolated tributary stream, Tinkers Creek, applying multivariate GIS/remote sensing tools and government data resources to contrast variation in lands use, soil types, and potential impacts from impoundments. Mussel populations declined in much of the Upper Cuyahoga River from 1990 to present, while in Tinkers Creek and the West Branch Cuyahoga River, both areas surrounded by residential lands, mussel species changed from a slow water species to species associated with flowing streams. Major structural differences among these stream reaches included regulated flow from reservoirs and consequentially poor soil drainage type in much of the Upper Cuyahoga River, while extensive improvements in Tinkers Creek enhanced flow dynamics and produced well-draining soils. Thus, the mussel assemblages appeared sustained despite a trend towards more human use where water flowed free..
PyRaysum: Software for Modeling Ray-theoretical Plane Body-wave Propagation in Dipping Anisotropic Media
Authors: Bloch Wasja , Audet Pascal
Published: February 2023

This article introduces PyRaysum, a Python software for modeling ray-theoretical body-wave propagation in dipping and/or anisotropic layered media based on the popular Fortran code Raysum. We improve and expand upon Raysum in several ways: 1) we significantly reduce the overhead by avoiding input/output operations; 2) we implement automatic phase labeling to facilitate the interpretation of complex seismograms; 3) we provide the means to correct inaccuracies in the calculated amplitude of free surface reverberations. We take advantage of the modern, object-oriented Python environment to offer various classes and methods to perform receiver function calculation, filtering and plotting. PyRaysum is fully backward compatible with legacy Raysum files and integrates well with NumPy and ObsPy, two standard libraries for numerical computing and seismology. PyRaysum is built in Python version 3 and requires a Fortran compiler, but otherwise runs on all platforms. The software offers a high-level, ease-of-use user interface and is equipped with complete documentation and testing as well as tutorials to reproduce published examples from the literature. Time-optimized post-processing functions allow for the straightforward and efficient incorporation of PyRaysum synthetic data into optimization or probabilistic parametric search approaches.
Children’s Evaluations of and Reactions to Racial Discrimination
Authors: Scott Katharine E. , Henkel Madeline , Moens Olivia , Devine Patricia G. , Shutts Kristin
Published: February 2023

Despite the potential benefits of children’s confrontations of other children’s racial biases—especially for targets of bias—little is known about how young children react upon observing instances of racial discrimination. In the present research, child participants completed a novel measure designed to test their reactions to another child’s racially discriminatory behavior. The measure presented scenarios in which a protagonist who matched the participant’s race (Asian, Latinx, or White) repeatedly excluded Black children from different social activities. Participants evaluated the protagonist’s behavior and had an opportunity to confront the protagonist. Both a pilot study and a full preregistered study revealed that the novel measure had high reliability within participants and substantial variability across participants (pilot study: N = 54 U.S. White 5–7-year-olds, 27 girls, 27 boys, median household income range of $125,001–$150,000; full study: N = 126 U.S. 4–10-year-olds, 33.33% Asian, 33.33% Latinx, 33.33% White, 56 girls, 70 boys, median household income: $120,001–$125,000). In the full study, older children and children whose parents reported more racial socialization rated the protagonist’s behavior more negatively; older children were also more likely to confront the protagonist. Neither participants’ own race nor their prior exposure to racial diversity impacted their evaluations or confrontations of discrimination. The results have implications for understanding children’s potential to serve as agents of social change by regulating other children’s racial biases and behaviors.
A framework for promoting online prosocial behavior via digital interventions
Authors: Grüning David Joachim , Kamin Julia , Panizza Folco , Katsaros Matthew , Lorenz-Spreen Philipp
Published: February 2023

Digital interventions for prosocial behavior are increasingly being studied by psychologists. However, academic findings remain largely underutilized by practitioners. We present a practical review and framework for distinguishing three categories of digital interventions - proactive, interactive, and reactive - based on the timing of their implementation. For each category, we present digital, scalable, automated, and scientifically tested interventions and review their empirical evidence. We provide tips for applying these interventions and advice for successful collaborations between academic researchers and practitioners.