bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The neural organization of visual information in the auditory cortex of the congenitally deaf
Authors: Tal Zohar , Sayal Joana , Fang Fang , Bi Yanchao , Almeida Jorge , Fracasso Alessio
Published: April 2023

Neuroplasticity is the ability of the human brain to reorganize and modify its activity throughout life. In congenital deafness, sensory-deprived cortex can be recruited to represent sensory information belonging to other modalities, a process known as cross-modal plasticity. Previous studies have indicated that the auditory cortex of congenitally deaf, but not of hearing individuals, is recruited during visual tasks. However, it is not clear to what extent, and how, these cross-modal responses in the deprived auditory cortex represent low-level visual spatial information or map the visual field. Here, we addressed this question directly in an fMRI case-study, aiming to map retinotopic features in the auditory cortex. Two congenitally deaf and one hearing participant went through a conventional retinotopy fMRI experiment with visual stimuli designed to map the visual system. Using population receptive field (pRF) modelling, we revealed retinotopic-related responses in the auditory cortex of the deaf, but not in the hearing. These responses, that were mostly lateralized to the right hemisphere, represented the contralateral visual field, and were characterized by large receptive fields, centred to near foveal areas. Interestingly, we found that these responses to visual stimuli predominantly reflected negative BOLD signals in the auditory cortex of the deaf, suggesting that visual information might be represented through cross-modal deactivation signals.
mEMbrain: an interactive deep learning MATLAB tool for connectomic segmentation on commodity desktops
Authors: Pavarino Elisa C. , Yang Emma , Dhanyasi Nagaraju , Wang Mona , Bidel Flavie , Lu Xiaotang , Yang Fuming , Park Core Francisco , Bangalore Renuka Mukesh , Drescher Brandon , Samuel Aravinthan D.T. , Hochner Binyamin , Katz Paul S. , Zhen Mei , Lichtman Jeff W. , Meirovitch Yaron
Published: April 2023

Connectomics is fundamental in propelling our understanding of the nervous system’s organization, unearthing cells and wiring diagrams reconstructed from volume electron microscopy (EM) datasets. Such reconstructions, on the one hand, have benefited from ever more precise automatic segmentation methods, which leverage sophisticated deep learning architectures and advanced machine learning algorithms. On the other hand, the field of neuroscience at large, and of image processing in particular, has manifested a need for user-friendly and open source tools which enable the community to carry out advanced analyses. In line with this second vein, here we propose mEMbrain, an interactive MATLAB-based software which wraps algorithms and functions that enable labeling and segmentation of electron microscopy datasets in a user-friendly user interface compatible with Linux and Windows. Through its integration as an API to the volume annotation and segmentation tool VAST, mEMbrain encompasses functions for ground truth generation, image preprocessing, training of deep neural networks, and on-the-fly predictions for proofreading and evaluation. The final goals of our tool are to expedite manual labeling efforts and to harness MATLAB users with an array of semi-automatic approaches for instance segmentation. We tested our tool on a variety of datasets that span different species at various scales, regions of the nervous system and developmental stages. To further expedite research in connectomics, we provide an EM resource of ground truth annotation from 4 different animals and 5 datasets, amounting to around 180 hours of expert annotations, yielding more than 1.2 GB of annotated EM images. In addition, we provide a set of 4 pre-trained networks for said datasets. All tools are available fromhttps://lichtman.rc.fas.harvard.edu/mEMbrain/. With our software, our hope is to provide a solution for lab-based neural reconstructions which does not require coding by the user, thus paving the way to affordable connectomics.
Human cytomegalovirus attenuates AKT activity by destabilizing insulin receptor substrate proteins
Authors: Domma Anthony J. , Goodrum Felicia D. , Moorman Nathaniel J. , Kamil Jeremy P.
Published: April 2023

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway plays crucial roles in cell viability and protein synthesis and is frequently co-opted by viruses to support their replication. Although many viruses maintain high levels of AKT activity during infection, other viruses, such as vesicular stomatitis virus and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), cause AKT to accumulate in an inactive state. To efficiently replicate, HCMV requires FoxO transcription factors to localize to the infected cell nucleus (Zhang et. al. mBio 2022), a process directly antagonized by AKT. Therefore, we sought to investigate how HCMV inactivates AKT to achieve this. Subcellular fractionation and live cell imaging studies indicated that AKT failed to recruit to membranes upon serum-stimulation of infected cells. However, UV-inactivated virions were unable to render AKT non-responsive to serum, indicating a requirement forde novoviral gene expression. Interestingly, we were able to identify thatUL38(pUL38), a viral activator of mTORC1, is required to diminish AKT responsiveness to serum. mTORC1 contributes to insulin resistance by causing proteasomal degradation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, such as IRS1, which are necessary for the recruitment of PI3K to growth factor receptors. In cells infected with a recombinant HCMV disrupted forUL38, AKT responsiveness to serum is retained and IRS1 is not degraded. Furthermore, ectopic expression of UL38 in uninfected cells induces IRS1 degradation, inactivating AKT. These effects of UL38 were reversed by the mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin. Collectively, our results demonstrate that HCMV relies upon a cell-intrinsic negative feedback loop to render AKT inactive during productive infection.
Expression and engineering of unexplored PET degrading enzymes fromMicrobispora, Nonomuraea, Micromonosporagenus
Authors: Tiong Elaine , Koo Ying Sin , Bi Jiawu , Koduru Lokanand , Koh Winston , Lim Yee Hwee , Wong Fong Tian
Published: April 2023

Low recycling rates have resulted in the alarming rate of accumulation of a widely used plastic material, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). With the build-up of plastics in our environment, there is an urgent need to source for more sustainable solutions to process them. Biological methods such as enzyme-catalyzed PET recycling or bioprocessing are seen as a potential solution to this problem. Actinobacteria, known for producing enzymes involved in the degradation of complex organic molecules, are of particular interest due to their potential to produce PET degrading enzymes. The highly thermostable enzyme, leaf-branch compost cutinase (LCC) found in Actinobacteria is one such example. This work expands on the discovery and characterization of new PET degrading enzymes fromMicrobispora, Nonomuraea, andMicromonosporagenus. Within this genus, we analyzed enzymes from the polyesterase-lipase-cutinase family, which have ∼60% similarity to LCC, where one of the enzymes was found to be capable of breaking down PET and BHET at 45-50 °C. Moreover, we were able to enhance the enzyme’s depolymerization rate through further engineering, resulting in a two-fold increase in activity.

IMPORTANCE

The proliferation of PET plastic waste poses a significant threat to human and environmental health, making it an issue of increasing concern. In response to this challenge, scientists are investigating eco-friendly approaches, such as bioprocessing and microbial factories, to sustainably manage the growing quantity of plastic waste in our ecosystem. Despite the existence of enzymes capable of degrading PET, their scarcity in nature limits their applicability. The objective of this study is to enhance our understanding of this group of enzymes by identifying and characterizing novel ones that can facilitate the breakdown of PET waste. This data will expand the enzymatic repertoire and provide valuable insights into the prerequisites for successful PET degradation.
MCU gain-and loss-of-function models define the duality of mitochondrial calcium uptake in heart failure
Authors: Garbincius Joanne F. , Luongo Timothy S. , Lambert Jonathan P. , Mangold Adam S. , Murray Emma K. , Hildebrand Alycia N. , Jadiya Pooja , Elrod John W.
Published: April 2023

Background

Mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) uptake through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel (mtCU) stimulates metabolism to meet acute increases in cardiac energy demand. However, excessivemCa2+uptake during stress, as in ischemia-reperfusion, initiates permeability transition and cell death. Despite these often-reported acute physiological and pathological effects, a major unresolved controversy is whether mtCU-dependentmCa2+uptake and long-term elevation of cardiomyocytemCa2+contributes to the heart’s adaptation during sustained increases in workload.

Objective

We tested the hypothesis that mtCU-dependentmCa2+uptake contributes to cardiac adaptation and ventricular remodeling during sustained catecholaminergic stress.

Methods

Mice with tamoxifen-inducible, cardiomyocyte-specific gain (αMHC-MCM x flox-stop-MCU; MCU-Tg) or loss (αMHC-MCM xMcufl/fl;Mcu-cKO) of mtCU function received 2-wk catecholamine infusion.

Results

Cardiac contractility increased after 2d of isoproterenol in control, but notMcu-cKO mice. Contractility declined and cardiac hypertrophy increased after 1-2-wk of isoproterenol in MCU-Tg mice. MCU-Tg cardiomyocytes displayed increased sensitivity to Ca2+- and isoproterenol-induced necrosis. However, loss of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) regulator cyclophilin D failed to attenuate contractile dysfunction and hypertrophic remodeling, and increased isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte death in MCU-Tg mice.

Conclusions

mtCUmCa2+uptake is required for early contractile responses to adrenergic signaling, even those occurring over several days. Under sustained adrenergic load excessive MCU-dependentmCa2+uptake drives cardiomyocyte dropout, perhaps independent of classical mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and compromises contractile function. These findings suggest divergent consequences for acute versus sustainedmCa2+loading, and support distinct functional roles for the mPTP in settings of acutemCa2+overload versus persistentmCa2+stress.
Phase partitioning rules Rab domain formation, growth and identity
Authors: Jimenez Ana Joaquina , Divoux Séverine , Goud Bruno , Perez Franck
Published: April 2023

Diverse cellular processes are regulated by the formation of specific membrane domains displaying specific lipid and protein compositions. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) recently emerged as one possible mechanism for their biogenesis, but the examples remain scarce and the impact of LLPS properties on this process is not well established. Rab GTPases are present on all intracellular membranes and play a crucial role in membrane identity, trafficking and compartmentalization. Domain formation is thought to play a central role in Rab functions. Here we show that several Rab partners with common structural characteristics present LLPS properties, some being able to co-condensate or on the contrary presenting immiscible properties. These properties limit the recruitment of Rabs to the membrane sub-domains defined by the condensates of their specific partners. We further show that those LLPS properties control the recruitment of Rab5 to Rabaptin5 condensates ensuring Rab5 functions in regulating endocytic vesicle tethering and fusion. We propose a universal mechanism for Rab domain formation, delimitation, growth and docking based on LLPS properties of Rab partners.
Adenovirus protein VII binds the A-box of HMGB1 to repress interferon responses
Authors: Arnold Edward A. , Kaai Robin J. , Leung Katie , Brinkley Mia R. , Kelnhofer-Millevolte Laurel E , Guo Monica S. , Avgousti Daphne C.
Published: April 2023

Viruses hijack host proteins to promote infection and dampen host defenses. Adenovirus encodes the multifunctional protein VII that serves both to compact viral genomes inside the virion and disrupt host chromatin. Protein VII binds the abundant nuclear protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and sequesters HMGB1 in chromatin. HMGB1 is an abundant host nuclear protein that can also be released from infected cells as an alarmin to amplify inflammatory responses. By sequestering HMGB1, protein VII prevents its release, thus inhibiting downstream inflammatory signaling. However, the consequences of this chromatin sequestration on host transcription are unknown. Here, we employ bacterial two-hybrid interaction assays and human cell biological systems to interrogate the mechanism of the protein VII-HMGB1 interaction. HMGB1 contains two DNA binding domains, the A- and B-boxes, that bend DNA to promote transcription factor binding while the C-terminal tail regulates this interaction. We demonstrate that protein VII interacts directly with the A-box of HMGB1, an interaction that is inhibited by the HMGB1 C-terminal tail. By cellular fractionation, we show that protein VII renders A-box containing constructs insoluble, thereby acting to prevent their release from cells. This sequestration is not dependent on HMGB1’s ability to bind DNA but does require post-translational modifications on protein VII. Importantly, we demonstrate that protein VII inhibits expression of interferon β, in an HMGB1- dependent manner, but does not affect transcription of downstream interferon- stimulated genes. Together, our results demonstrate that protein VII specifically harnesses HMGB1 through its A-box domain to depress the innate immune response and promote infection.
Metformin Impairs Intestinal Fructose Metabolism
Authors: Tong Wenxin , Hannou Sarah A. , Sargsyan Ashot , Zhang Guo-Fang , Grimsrud Paul A. , Astapova Inna , Herman Mark A.
Published: April 2023

Objective

To investigate the effects of metformin on intestinal carbohydrate metabolismin vivo.

Method: Male mice preconditioned with a high-fat, high-sucrose diet were treated orally with metformin or a control solution for two weeks. Fructose metabolism, glucose production from fructose, and production of other fructose-derived metabolites were assessed using stably labeled fructose as a tracer.

Results

Metformin treatment decreased intestinal glucose levels and reduced incorporation of fructose-derived metabolites into glucose. This was associated with decreased intestinal fructose metabolism as indicated by decreased enterocyte F1P levels and diminished labeling of fructose-derived metabolites. Metformin also reduced fructose delivery to the liver. Proteomic analysis revealed that metformin coordinately down-regulated proteins involved carbohydrate metabolism including those involved in fructolysis and glucose production within intestinal tissue.

Conclusion

Metformin reduces intestinal fructose metabolism, and this is associated with broad-based changes in intestinal enzyme and protein levels involved in sugar metabolism indicating that metformin’s effects on sugar metabolism are pleiotropic.

Highlights

Metformin decreases intestinal fructose absorption, metabolism, and fructose delivery to the liver.

Metformin reduces intestinal glucose production from fructose-derived metabolites.

Metformin reduces protein levels of multiple metabolic enzymes involved in fructose and glucose metabolism in intestinal tissue.
Engineering genetic circuits in receiver cells for diffusion-based molecular data communications
Authors: Durmaz Merve Gorkem , Tulluk Neval , Aksoy Recep Deniz , Yilmaz H. Birkan , Yang Bill , Wipat Anil , Pusane Ali Emre , Mısırlı Göksel , Tugcu Tuna
Published: April 2023

Developments in bioengineering and nanotechnology have ignited the research on biological and molecular communication systems. Despite potential benefits, engineering communication systems to carry data signals using biological messenger molecules is challenging. Diffusing molecules may fall behind their schedule to arrive at a receiver, interfering with symbols of subsequent time slots and distorting the signal. Theoretical molecular communication models often focus solely on the characteristics of the communication channel and fail to provide an end-to-end system response, since they assume a simple thresholding process for a receiver cell and overlook how the receiver can detect the incoming distorted molecular signal. There is a need to develop viable end-to-end communication models. In this paper, we present a model-based framework for designing diffusion-based molecular communication systems coupled with synthetic genetic circuits. We describe a novel approach to encode information as a sequence of bits, each transmitted from a sender as a burst of specific number of molecules, control cellular behavior, and minimize cellular signal interference by employing equalization techniques from communication theory. This approach allows the encoding and de-coding of data bits efficiently using two different types of molecules that act as the data carrier and the antagonist to cancel out the heavy tail of the former. We also present Period Finder, as a tool to optimize communication parameters, including the number of molecules and symbol duration. This tool facilitates automating the choice of communication parameters and identifying the best communication scenarios that can produce efficient cellular signals.
Distribution, diversity and diversification from a DNA barcoding perspective: the case ofGammarusradiation in Europe’s oldest inland waterbody - the ancient Lake Ohrid
Authors: Mamos Tomasz , Grabowski Michał , Sworobowicz Lidia , Salzburger Walter , Trajanovski Sasho , Copilaş-Ciocianu Denis , Mucciolo Serena , Wysocka Anna
Published: April 2023

Aim

A detailed, comparative DNA-barcoding and morphospecies based overview of the vertical and horizontal distribution of Lake Ohrid endemicGammarusspecies-flock. Re-evaluation of the origin of the species-flock dating, identification of events that putatively influenced diversification patterns in the species-flock.

Location

Lake Ohrid: a deep and ancient lake of tectonic origin, biosphere reserve, UNESCO World Heritage Site, located on the Macedonia/Albania border.

Taxon

Gammarusspecies-flock (Amphipoda, Crustacea)

Methods

Extensive sampling and DNA barcoding of 600 individuals were carried out. DNA sequences were analysed using species delimitation methods, haplotype network reconstructions, Bayesian molecular dating and demographic analysis. The COI-based delimitation results were validated with nuclear 28S RNA data.

Results

The species flock distribution has weak horizontal but clear vertical structure. The diversity across bathymetric gradients correlates with temperature and salinity; and the highest diversity with sublittoral and springs of lake’s shore. Two new MOTUs representing putatively new species are revealed and supported also by the nuclear marker. The time of flock radiation overlaps with the time of lake formation. The COI gene shows signs of positive selection and an acceleration in substitution rate. The demographic changes of the flock happened during the last ky.

Main conclusions

Distribution of theGammarusspecies-flock is vertically structured, reflecting habitat zonation. Parapatric speciation as one of the mechanisms in flock’s diversification is suggested. Detection of new MOTU suggests that the flock’s diversity is still not fully revealed. Nevertheless, failure to recover three other MOTUs suggests the loss of gammarid diversity in the lake. This represents,together with the current threats to the lake ecosystem (i.e. climate changes, development of tourism), a clear call for conservation efforts. The speciation events and demographic changes within the flock relate presumably to glacial and postglacial water level changes and to colonisation of new depth ranges and the associated springs.
Aligning distant sequences to graphs using long seed sketches
Authors: Joudaki Amir , Meterez Alexandru , Mustafa Harun , Groot Koerkamp Ragnar , Kahles André , Rätsch Gunnar
Published: April 2023

Sequence-to-graph alignment is crucial for applications such as variant genotyping, read error correction, and genome assembly. We propose a novel seeding approach that relies on long inexact matches rather than short exact matches, and show that it yields a better time-accuracy trade-off in settings with up to a 25% mutation rate. We use sketches of a subset of graph nodes, which are more robust to indels, and store them in ak-nearest neighbor index to avoid the curse of dimensionality. Our approach contrasts with existing methods and highlights the important role that sketching into vector space can play in bioinformatics applications. We show that our method scales to graphs with 1 billion nodes and has quasi-logarithmic query time for queries with an edit distance of 25%. For such queries, longer sketch-based seeds yield a 4 × increase in recall compared with exact seeds. Our approach can be incorporated into other aligners, providing a novel direction for sequence-to-graph alignment.
Density separation of petrous bone powders for optimized ancient DNA yields
Authors: Fernandes Daniel M. , Sirak Kendra A. , Cheronet Olivia , Novak Mario , Brück Florian , Zelger Evelyn , Llanos-Lizcano Alejandro , Wagner Anna , Zettl Anna , Mandl Kirsten , Duffet Carlson Kellie Sara , Oberreiter Victoria , Özdoğan Kadir T. , Sawyer Susanna , La Pastina Francesco , Borgia Emanuela , Coppa Alfredo , Dobeš Miroslav , Velemínský Petr , Reich David , Bell Lynne S. , Pinhasi Ron
Published: April 2023

Density separation is a process routinely used to segregate minerals, organic matter, and even microplastics, from soils and sediments. Here we apply density separation to archaeological bone powders before DNA extraction to increase endogenous DNA recovery relative to a standard control extraction of the same powders. Using nontoxic heavy liquid solutions, we separated powders from the petrous bones of 10 individuals of similar archaeological preservation into eight density intervals (2.15 to 2.45 g/cm3, in 0.05 increments). We found that the 2.30 to 2.35 g/cm3and 2.35 to 2.40 g/cm3intervals yielded up to 5.28-fold more endogenous unique DNA than the corresponding standard extraction (and up to 8.53-fold before duplicate read removal), while maintaining signals of ancient DNA authenticity and not reducing library complexity. Although small 0.05 g/cm3intervals may maximally optimize yields, a single separation to remove materials with a density above 2.40 g/cm3yielded up to 2.57-fold more endogenous DNA on average, which enables the simultaneous separation of samples that vary in preservation or in the type of material analyzed. While requiring no new ancient DNA laboratory equipment and fewer than 30 min of extra laboratory work, the implementation of density separation before DNA extraction can substantially boost endogenous DNA yields without decreasing library complexity. Although subsequent studies are required, we present theoretical and practical foundations that may prove useful when applied to other ancient DNA substrates such as teeth, other bones, and sediments.
Hierarchical synchrotron diffraction and imaging study of the calcium sulfate hemihydrate–gypsum transformation
Authors: La Bella Michela , Besselink Rogier , Wright Jonathan P. , Van Driessche Alexander E. S. , Fernandez-Martinez Alejandro , Giacobbe Carlotta
Published: April 2023

The mechanism of hydration of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4·0.5H2O) to form gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) was studied by combining scanning 3D X-ray diffraction (s3DXRD) and phase contrast tomography (PCT) to determine in situ the spatial and crystallographic relationship between these two phases. From s3DXRD measurements, the crystallographic structure, orientation and position of the crystalline grains in the sample during the hydration reaction were obtained, while the PCT reconstructions allowed visualization of the 3D shapes of the crystals during the reaction. This multi-scale study unfolds structural and morphological evidence of the dissolution–precipitation process of the gypsum plaster system, providing insights into the reactivity of specific crystallographic facets of the hemihydrate. In this work, epitaxial growth of gypsum crystals on the hemihydrate grains was not observed.
Structural insight into an anti-BRIL Fab as a G-protein-coupled receptor crystallization chaperone
Authors: Miyagi Hikaru , Suzuki Michihiko , Yasunaga Mai , Asada Hidetsugu , Iwata So , Saito Jun-ichi
Published: April 2023

Structure determination of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is key for the successful development of efficient drugs targeting GPCRs. BRIL is a thermostabilized apocytochrome b
562 (with M7W/H102I/R106L mutations) from Escherichia coli and is often used as a GPCR fusion protein for expression and crystallization. SRP2070Fab, an anti-BRIL antibody Fab fragment, has been reported to facilitate and enhance the crystallization of BRIL-fused GPCRs as a crystallization chaperone. This study was conducted to characterize the high-resolution crystal structure of the BRIL–SRP2070Fab complex. The structure of the BRIL–SRP2070Fab complex was determined at 2.1 Å resolution. This high-resolution structure elucidates the binding interaction between BRIL and SRP2070Fab. When binding to BRIL, SRP2070Fab recognizes conformational epitopes, not linear epitopes, on the surface of BRIL helices III and IV, thereby binding perpendicularly to the helices, which indicates stable binding. Additionally, the packing contacts of the BRIL–SRP2070Fab co-crystal are largely due to SRP2070Fab rather than BRIL. The accumulation of SRP2070Fab molecules by stacking is remarkable and is consistent with the finding that stacking of SRP2070Fab is predominant in known crystal structures of BRIL-fused GPCRs complexed with SRP2070Fab. These findings clarified the mechanism of SRP2070Fab as a crystallization chaperone. Moreover, these data will be useful in the structure-based drug design of membrane-protein drug targets.
Can perceived coolness enhance memorable customer experience? The role of customer engagement
Authors: Tsaur Sheng-Hshiung , Teng Hsiu-Yu , Han Tien-Cheng , Tu Jin-Hua
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Memorable customer experience (MCE) is a key factor affecting customer loyalty and revisit intention. Hospitality managers must identify factors that create MCEs. This study aims to investigate relationships among perceived coolness, customer engagement and MCE and examine the mediation effect of customer engagement.

Design/methodology/approach

Two samples of 434 restaurant customers and 372 hotel customers in Taiwan returned questionnaires. Hypotheses were examined by structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results demonstrated that perceived coolness positively affected customer engagement and MCE and that customer engagement positively affected MCE. Furthermore, customer engagement mediated the relationship between perceived coolness and MCE.

Research limitations/implications

This study is cross-sectional, which limits causal inference. Furthermore, this study only investigated customers of Taiwanese restaurants and hotels, and the findings may not be generalizable to other industries and countries.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the MCE knowledge in hospitality by elucidating the association among perceived coolness, customer engagement and MCE. The findings can aid hospitality managers in developing marketing strategies, fostering customer engagement and creating MCEs.
The coverage of information science and knowledge organization in theLibrary of Congress Subject Headings
Authors: Furner Jonathan , Hjørland Birger
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This article examines theLibrary of Congress Subject Headings(LCSH), which is the most used subject heading system in the world and an instance of a controlled vocabulary (CV).

Design/methodology/approach

The method used to examine the system is based on both authors’ subject knowledge in the field of information science (IS) and the subfield of knowledge organization (KO). Core concepts in this domain were examined (1) by checking if they are present or not in the system; (2) if not, by determining whether LCSH contains alternative terms useful for searching documents about the missing concept, by examining books indexed by the Library of Congress; (3) by identifying the semantic relations between subject headings.

Findings

The results demonstrate fundamental problems in the logical consistency of the representation of IS and KO in LCSH.

Practical implications

The implications for CVs in general are discussed.

Originality/value

No previous study has used our method to examine LCSH’s coverage of IS.
Shaping the culture of your organization by the human capital: employees' competencies and leaders' perceived behavior
Authors: Popa Ştefan Cătălin , Ştefan Simona Cătălina , Olariu Ana Alexandra , Popa Cătălina-Florentina , Pantea Marius Ioan
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Organizational culture (OC) is not only a key factor in the development of organizational performance but also an important source of employee orientation toward a better understanding of organizational goals. This study aims to analyze the influence of two individual factors on OC: (1) the competencies of employees and (2) perceived leadership behavior. The study also focuses on how the relationship between individual factors and OC differs between public and private organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, data were collected through a survey, and a structural equation modeling approach, partial least squares structural equation modeling, was used to highlight the proposed direct, mediated and moderated relationships. The sample comprises 1,284 respondents, representing both public and private sector organizations.

Findings

Based on the results, the employees' competencies positively and significantly influence the hierarchical and market orientation of OC. Additionally, the perceived leadership behavior positively and significantly influences the adoption of all four types of cultural characteristics (i.e. clan, adhocracy, market and hierarchy).

Practical implications

The results are of great benefit to organizations who may become more aware that employees' skills and how employees perceive leadership behavior can significantly influence OC.

Originality/value

These findings make an important contribution to understanding how the characteristics of each type of OC can be influenced by certain behaviors, skills and perceptions and how those relationships may be shaped by the organization's ownership.
Changes in credit score, transaction volume, customer characteristics, and the probability of detecting suspicious transactions
Authors: Reite Endre J. , Oust Are , Bang Rebecca Margareta , Maurstad Stine
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to use a unique customer-information data set from a Norwegian bank to identify how small changes in firm-specific factors correlate with the risk of a client subsequently being involved in suspicious transactions. It provides insight into the importance of updating client risk based on changes in transaction volume and credit risk to enable effective resource use in transaction monitoring.

Design/methodology/approach

Changes in a firm’s bank use and accounting data were tested against subsequent flagged and reported customers to identify which changes led to a significant increase in the probability of engaging in a transaction identified as suspicious. Prioritizing resources to firms that remain suspicious after further controls can improve the risk-based approach and prioritize detection efforts. The main factors were customer probability of default (credit score), size and changes in customer characteristics. The cross-sectional data set contained administrative data on 8,538 corporate customers (219 with suspicious transactions that were subsequently flagged, 64 of which were reported). A binomial logit model was used.

Findings

Changes in transaction volume and bank use are significant in predicting subsequent suspicious transactions. Customer credit score changes were significantly positively correlated with the likelihood of flagging and reporting. Change is a stronger indicator of suspicious transactions than the level. Thus, frequent updating of client risk and using a scale rather than risk categories can improve client risk monitoring. The results also showed that the current anti-money laundering (AML) system is size-dependent; the greater the change in customer size, the greater the probability of the firm subsequently engaging in a suspicious transaction.

Research limitations/implications

Client risk classification, monitoring changes in a client’s use of the bank and business risk should receive more attention.

Practical implications

The authors demonstrate that client risk classifications should be dynamic and sensitive to even small changes, including monitoring the client’s credit risk changes.

Social implications

Directing AML efforts to clients with characteristics indicating risk and monitoring changes in factors contributing to risk can increase efficiency in detecting money laundering.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to focus on changes in a firm's use of a bank and link this to the probability of detecting a suspicious transaction.
Role of entrepreneurial resilience in SMEs to promote marketing and entrepreneurship amid Covid19 challenges
Authors: Pathak Mallika Devi , Kar Brajaballav , Panigrahi Rashmi Ranjan , Shrivastava Avinash K.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Resilient firms are more likely to survive crisis. This paper aims to investigate the resilient behavior displayed by small and medium enterprise (SME) owners in the pandemic context and the sequence of antecedents leading to resilient behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Seven SME owners, from different business sectors, were interviewed twice in 8 months, to assess their actions and underlying entrepreneurial resilience. A model was developed depicting the sequence of activities leading to entrepreneurial resiliency behavior. The study was conducted in the capital city of Odisha, an eastern Indian state.

Findings

The results indicate that entrepreneurial resiliency is manifested in various forms where the SME owners engage in bricolage. Resiliency has an inevitable time dimension, where SME owners estimate the period for which adversity is likely to persist. They focus on alternative action to demonstrate resiliency. It was also learnt that revenue management during a crisis requires entrepreneurial marketing with innovativeness, opportunity seeking and value creation to improve resiliency.

Research limitations/implications

This research is important for policymakers who can strengthen resiliency through the support and provision of adequate information to SME owners. Educators can use the model for discussion and pedagogy. Finally, SME owners can evaluate their response behaviors to a crisis and draw insights.

Originality/value

The approach of the study was longitudinal and qualitative. This study contributes to the literature gap on resiliency in the context of emerging markets and SMEs.
Ecophysiological analysis reveals distinct environmental preferences in closely related Baltic Sea picocyanobacteria
Authors: Aguilera Anabella , Alegria Zufia Javier , Bas Conn Laura , Gurlit Leandra , Śliwińska‐Wilczewska Sylwia , Budzałek Gracjana , Lundin Daniel , Pinhassi Jarone , Legrand Catherine , Farnelid Hanna
Published: April 2023

Cluster 5 picocyanobacteria significantly contribute to primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems. Estuarine populations are highly diverse and consist of many co‐occurring strains, but their physiology remains largely understudied. In this study, we characterized 17 novel estuarine picocyanobacterial strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA and pigment genes (cpcB and cpeBA) uncovered multiple estuarine and freshwater‐related clusters and pigment types. Assays with five representative strains (three phycocyanin rich and two phycoerythrin rich) under temperature (10–30°C), light (10–190 μmol photons m−2 s−1), and salinity (2–14 PSU) gradients revealed distinct growth optima and tolerance, indicating that genetic variability was accompanied by physiological diversity. Adaptability to environmental conditions was associated with differential pigment content and photosynthetic performance. Amplicon sequence variants at a coastal and an offshore station linked population dynamics with phylogenetic clusters, supporting that strains isolated in this study represent key ecotypes within the Baltic Sea picocyanobacterial community. The functional diversity found within strains with the same pigment type suggests that understanding estuarine picocyanobacterial ecology requires analysis beyond the phycocyanin and phycoerythrin divide. This new knowledge of the environmental preferences in estuarine picocyanobacteria is important for understanding and evaluating productivity in current and future ecosystems.
Pathogens identified in the internal tissues and placentas of stillbirths: results from the prospective, observational PURPOSe study
Authors: Harakuni Sheetal U. , Somannavar Manjunath S. , Ghanchi Najia K. , Ahmed Imran , Zafar Afia , Kim Jean , Tikmani Shiyam Sunder , Hwang Kay , Saleem Sarah , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Dhaded Sangappa , Guruprasad Gowder , Yasmin Haleema , Yogeshkumar S. , Aceituno Anna , Silver Robert M. , McClure Elizabeth M. , Goldenberg R. L. ,   the PURPOSe Investigators
Published: April 2023

Objective

To examine internal organ tissues and placentas of stillbirths for various pathogens.

Design

Prospective, observational study.

Settings

Three study hospitals in India and a large maternity hospital in Pakistan.

Population

Stillborn infants delivered in a study hospital.

Methods

A prospective observational study.

Main outcome measures

Organisms identified by pathogen polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in internal organs and placental tissues of stillbirths.

Results

Of 2437 stillbirth internal tissues, 8.3% (95% CI 7.2–9.4) were positive. Organisms were most commonly detected in brain (12.3%), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (9.5%) and whole blood (8.4%). Ureaplasma urealyticum/parvum was the organism most frequently detected in at least one internal organ (6.4% of stillbirths and 2% of all tissues). Escherichia coli/Shigella was the next most common (4.1% one or more internal organ tissue sample and 1.3% of tissue samples), followed by Staphylococcus aureus in at least one internal organ tissue (1.9% and 0.9% of all tissues). None of the other organisms was found in more than 1.4% of the tissue samples in stillbirths or more than 0.6% of the internal tissues examined. In the placenta tissue, membrane or cord blood combined, 42.8% (95% CI 40.2–45.3) had at least one organism identified, with U. urealyticum/parvum representing the most commonly identified (27.8%).

Conclusions

In about 8% of stillbirths, there was evidence of a pathogen in an internal organ. Ureaplasma urealyticum/parvum was the most common organism found in the placenta and in the internal tissues, especially in the fetal brain.
Survival in very preterm infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and association with prenatal imaging markers: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Horn‐Oudshoorn Emily J. J. , Russo Francesca M. , Deprest Jan A. , Kipfmueller Florian , Geipel Annegret , Schaible Thomas , Rafat Neysan , Cordier Anne‐Gael , Benachi Alexandra , Abbasi Nimrah , Chiu Priscilla P. L. , de Boode Willem P. , Sikkel Esther , Peters Nina C. J. , Hansen Bettina E. , Reiss Irwin K. M. , DeKoninck Philip L. J.
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To describe the outcomes of preterm born infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH; ≤32.0 weeks of gestation) and the associations between prenatal imaging markers and survival.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Multicentre study in large referral centres.

Population

Infants with an isolated unilateral CDH, live born at 32.0 weeks or less of gestation, between January 2009 and January 2020.

Methods

Neonatal outcomes were evaluated for infants that were expectantly managed during pregnancy and infants that underwent fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) therapy, separately. We evaluated the association between prenatal imaging markers and survival to discharge. Prenatal imaging markers included observed to expected lung‐to‐head ratio (o/e LHR), side of the defect, liver position, stomach position grade, and observed to expected total fetal lung volume (o/e TFLV).

Main Outcome Measure

Survival to discharge.

Results

We included 53 infants born at 30+4 (interquartile range 29+1–31+2) weeks. Survival in fetuses expectantly managed during pregnancy was 48% (13/27) in left‐sided CDH and 33% (2/6) in right‐sided CDH. Survival in fetuses that underwent FETO therapy was 50% (6/12) in left‐sided CDH and 25% (2/8) in right‐sided CDH. The o/e LHR at baseline was positively associated with survival in cases expectantly managed during pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] 1.20, 95% CI 1.07–1.42, p < 0.01), but not in cases that received FETO therapy (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.88–1.15, p = 0.87). Stomach position grade (p = 0.03) and o/e TFLV were associated with survival (p = 0.02); liver position was not (p = 0.13).

Conclusions

In infants with CDH born at or before 32 weeks of gestation, prenatal imaging markers of disease severity were associated with postnatal survival.
Towards the microbial home: An overview of developments in next‐generation sustainable architecture
Authors: Armstrong Rachel
Published: April 2023

Disruptive innovation is needed to raise the threshold of sustainable building performance, so that our buildings improve on net zero impacts and have a life‐promoting impact on the natural world. This article outlines a new approach to next‐generation sustainable architecture, which draws on the versatile metabolisms of microbes as a platform by incorporating microbial technologies and microbially produced materials into the practice of the built environment. The regenerative architecture arising from these interventions includes a broad range of advances from using new materials, to creating bioreceptive surfaces that promote life, and providing green, bio‐remediating energy from waste. Such innovations are presently reaching the marketplace as novel materials like Biocement® with lower embodied carbon than conventional materials that adopt microbially facilitated processes, and as novel utilities like PeePower® that transforms urine into electrical energy and bioreactor‐based building systems such as the pioneering BIQ building in Hamburg. While the field is still young, some of these products (e.g. mycelium biocomposites) are poised for uptake by the public–private economic axis to become mainstream within the building industry. Other developments are creating new economic opportunities for local maker communities that empower citizens and catalyse novel vernacular building practices. In particular, the activation of the microbial commons by the uptake of microbial technologies and materials through daily acts of living, ‘democratises’ resource harvesting (materials and energy) in ways that sustain life, and returns important decisions about how to run a home back to citizens. This disruptive move re‐centres the domestic‐commons economic axis to the heart of society, setting the stage for new vernacular architectures that support increasingly robust and resilient communities.
Acoustic animal identification using unsupervised learning
Authors: Guerrero Maria J. , Bedoya Carol L. , López José D. , Daza Juan M. , Isaza Claudia
Published: April 2023

Passive acoustic monitoring is usually presented as a complementary approach to monitoring wildlife communities and assessing ecosystem conditions. Automatic species detection methods support biodiversity monitoring and analysis by providing information on the presence–absence of species, which allows understanding the ecosystem structure. Therefore, different alternatives have been proposed to identify species. However, the algorithms are parameterized to identify specific species. Analysing multiple species would help to monitor and quantify biodiversity, as it includes the different taxonomic groups present in the soundscape.

We present an unsupervised methodology for multi‐species call recognition from ecological soundscapes. The proposal is based on a clustering algorithm, specifically the learning algorithm for multivariate data analysis (LAMDA) 3pi algorithm, which automatically suggests the number of clusters associated with the sonotypes. Emphasis was made on improving the segmentation of the audio to analyse the whole soundscape without parameterizing the algorithm according to each taxonomic group.

To estimate the performance of our proposal, we used four datasets from different locations, years and habitats. These datasets contain sounds from the four major taxonomic groups that dominate terrestrial soundscapes (birds, amphibians, mammals and insects) in audible and ultrasonic spectra. The methodology presents performances between 75% and 96% in presence–absence species recognition.

Using the clusters proposed by our methodology, the whole soundscape biodiversity was measured and compared with the estimate of four acoustic indices (ACI, NP, SO and BI). Our approach performs biodiversity assessments similar to acoustic indices with the advantage of providing information about acoustic communities without the need for prior knowledge of the species present in the audio recordings.
Intersecting capitals: Economically and racially minoritized Black and Latino/a students navigating independent high schools and selective postsecondary institutions
Authors: Weis Lois , Cipollone Kristin , Dominguez Rachel
Published: April 2023

We explore how Black and Latino/a students from economically marginalized communities drew upon dominant capitals accrued by virtue of attendance at elite secondary schools in conjunction with non‐dominant family and community capitals to chart their postsecondary lives through college and beyond. In so doing, we point to affordances offered by the authors’ longitudinal qualitative research investigation, as we work to understand individual and collective class and race positioning practices and outcomes post high school.