bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elucidating mechanisms of antitumor immunity mediated by live oncolytic vaccinia and heat-inactivated vaccinia
Authors: Wang Weiyi , Liu Shuaitong , Dai Peihong , Yang Ning , Wang Yi , Giese Rachel A , Merghoub Taha , Wolchok Jedd , Deng Liang
Published: September 2021

Background

Viral-based immunotherapy can overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and fill the unmet needs of many patients with cancer. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are defined as engineered or naturally occurring viruses that selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells. OVs also induce antitumor immunity. The purpose of this study was to compare the antitumor effects of live oncolytic vaccinia viruses versus the inactivated versions and elucidate their underlying immunological mechanisms.

Methods

We engineered a replication-competent, oncolytic vaccinia virus (OV-GM) by inserting a murine GM-CSF gene into the thymidine kinase locus of a mutant vaccinia E3L∆83N, which lacks the Z-DNA-binding domain of vaccinia virulence factor E3. We compared the antitumor effects of intratumoral (IT) delivery of live OV-GM versus heat-inactivated OV-GM (heat-iOV-GM) in a murine B16-F10 melanoma bilateral implantation model. We also generated vvDD, a well-studied oncolytic vaccinia virus, and compared the antitumor effects of live vvDD vs heat-inactivated vvDD (heat-ivvDD) in a murine A20 B-cell lymphoma bilateral tumor implantation model.

Results

Heat-iOV-GM infection of dendritic cells (DCs) and tumor cells in vitro induced type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, whereas live OV-GM did not. IT live OV-GM was less effective in generating systemic antitumor immunity compared with heat-iOV-GM. Similar to heat-iOV-GM, the antitumor effects of live OV-GM also require Batf3-dependent CD103+ dendritic cells. When combined with systemic delivery of ICB, IT heat-iOV-GM was more effective in eradicating tumors, compared with live OV-GM. IT heat-ivvDD was also more effective in treating murine A20 B-cell lymphoma, compared with live vvDD.

Conclusions

Tumor lysis induced by the replication of oncolytic vaccinia virus has a limited effect on the generation of systemic antitumor immunity. The activation of Batf3-dependent CD103+ DCs is critical for antitumor effects induced by both live OV-GM and heat-iOV-GM, with the latter being more potent than live OV-GM in inducing innate and adaptive immunity in both locally injected and distant, non-injected tumors. We propose that evaluations of both innate and adaptive immunity, induced by IT oncolytic viral immunotherapy at injected and non-injected tumors, should be included as potential biomarkers for host responses to viral therapy.
Trans-arterial chemoembolization as a loco-regional inducer of immunogenic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for immunotherapy.
Authors: Pinato David J. , Murray Sam M , Forner Alejandro , Kaneko Takahiro , Fessas Petros , Toniutto Pierluigi , Mínguez Beatriz , Cacciato Valentina , Avellini Claudio , Diaz Alba , Boyton Rosemary J. , Altmann Daniel M. , Goldin Robert D , Akarca Ayse U , Marafioti Teresa , Mauri Francesco A , Casagrande Edoardo , Grillo Federica , Giannini Edoardo , Bhoori Sherrie , Mazzaferro Vincenzo
Published: September 2021

Background

Modulation of adaptive immunity may underscore the efficacy of trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE). We evaluated the influence of TACE on T-cell function by phenotypic lymphocyte characterization in samples of patients undergoing surgery with (T+) or without (T-) prior-TACE treatment.

Methods

We profiled intratumoral (IT), peritumoral (PT) and non-tumoral (NT) background tissue to evaluate regulatory CD4+/FOXP3+ (T-reg) and immune-exhausted CD8+/PD-1+ T-cells across T+ (n=58) and T− (n=61). We performed targeted transcriptomics and T-cell receptor sequencing in a restricted subset of samples (n=24) evaluated in relationship with the expression of actionable drivers of anti-cancer immunity including PD-L1, indoleamine 2,3 dehydrogenase (IDO-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), Lag-3, Tim-3 and CD163.

Results

We analyzed 119 patients resected (n=25, 21%) or transplanted (n=94, 79%) for Child-Pugh A (n=65, 55%) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A (n=92, 77%) hepatocellular carcinoma. T+ samples displayed lower IT CD4+/FOXP3+ (p=0.006), CD8+ (p=0.002) and CD8+/PD-1+ and NT CD8+/PD-1+ (p<0.001) compared with T−. Lower IT (p=0.005) and NT CD4+/FOXP3+ (p=0.03) predicted for improved recurrence-free survival. In a subset of samples (n=24), transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of a pro-inflammatory response in T+. T+ samples were enriched for IRF2 expression (p=0.01), an interferon-regulated transcription factor implicated in cancer immune-evasion. T-cell clonality and expression of PD-L1, IDO-1, CTLA-4, Lag-3, Tim-3 and CD163 was similar in T+ versus T−.

Conclusions

TACE is associated with lower IT density of immune-exhausted effector cytotoxic and T-regs, with significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory pathways. This highlights the pleiotropic effects of TACE in modulating the tumor microenvironment and strengthens the rationale for developing immunotherapy alongside TACE.
Residential extremely low frequency magnetic fields and skin cancer
Authors: Khan Muhammad Waseem , Juutilainen Jukka , Naarala Jonne , Roivainen Päivi
Published: September 2021

Objective

Photoinduced radical reactions have a fundamental role in skin cancer induced by ultraviolet radiation, and changes in radical reactions have also been proposed as a mechanism for the putative carcinogenic effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MFs). We assessed the association of melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma with residential MF exposure.

Methods

All cohort members had lived in buildings with indoor transformer stations (TSs) during the period from 1971 to 2016. MF exposure was assessed based on apartment location. Out of the 225 492 individuals, 8617 (149 291 person-years of follow-up) living in apartments next to TSs were considered as exposed, while individuals living on higher floors of the same buildings were considered as referents. Associations between MF exposure and skin cancers were examined using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

The HR for MF exposure ≥6 month was 1.05 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.53) for melanoma and 0.94 (95% CI 0.55 to 1.61) for squamous cell carcinoma. Analysis of the age at the start of residence showed an elevated HR (2.55, 95% CI 1.15 to 5.69) for melanoma among those who lived in the apartments when they were less than 15 years old. This finding was based on seven exposed cases.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggested an association between childhood ELF MF exposure and adult melanoma. This is in agreement with previous findings suggesting that the carcinogenic effects of ELF MFs may be associated particularly with childhood exposure.
Is metformin use associated with a reduced risk of oesophageal cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Yue , Cheng Xingyu , Sun Chenyu , Kim Na Hyun , Kailas Sujatha , Qureshi Faisal , Karadsheh Zeid , Wu Yile , Hu Lei , Zhou Zhen , Bhan Chandur , Kim Keun Young , Manem Raveena , Cheng Ce , Zhou Qin
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Studies on the association between metformin use and the risk of oesophageal cancer (OC) have generated controversial findings. This updated meta-analysis was conducted to reassess the effects of metformin on OC.

Methods

A comprehensive search strategy was conducted to select relevant studies from origination to February 2021. Heterogeneity was evaluated through the Q test and I2 statistics. HRs and 95% CIs were pooled through either random-effect or fixed-effect models. Meta-regression, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis and publication bias diagnosis were also performed.

Results

Seven studies with 5 426 343 subjects were included. Metformin use was associated with reduced risk of OC (HR=0.69, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.87, p<0.001). Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results were relatively stable.

Conclusion

Metformin is associated with a reduced risk of OC. More well-designed studies are still needed to further elaborate on these associations.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021237127.
Trends in amyloidosis in spondyloarthritis: results from the Spanish National Inpatient Registry over a 17-year period (1999–2015)—TREND-EspA study
Authors: Mazzucchelli Ramon , Almodovar-González Raquel , Dieguez-Costa Elisa , Crespí-Villarías Natalia , Pérez-Fernández Elia , García-Zamora Elena , Garcia Vadillo Alberto
Published: September 2021

Objective

To assess the incidence of amyloidosis and trends therein in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) over a long period (17 years).

Methods

An observational retrospective population-based matched cohort study was conducted. All the admissions of patients with SpA, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease (SpA-IBD) and reactive arthritis (ReA), reported between 1999 and 2015, were analysed and a control group matched by age, sex and year of admission was selected. Incidence rates for amyloidosis were calculated. Generalised linear models were used for trend analysis and unconditional logistic regression for calculating crude and adjusted ORs (AOR) to assess the association between amyloidosis and SpA.

Results

The study database contained data on 107 140 admissions in each group. Between 1999 and 2015, 792 patients in the SpA cohort (0.7% of all admissions) had a diagnosis of amyloidosis versus 68 in the non-SpA cohort (0.1%) (p<0.001). From 1999 to 2015, incidence rates of amyloidosis tended to decrease in the SpA cohort (−4.63%/year overall), while they increased in the Non-SpA cohort (+10.25%/year overall). We found strong associations of amyloidosis with all SpAs (AOR 10.4; 95% CI 8.2 to 13.3) and with each type studied (AORs 10.05 (7.84 to 12. 88) for AS, 9.5 (7.3 to 12.4) for PsA, 22.9 (16.6 to 31.7) for SpA-IBD and 10.1 (6.1 to 16.7) for ReA).

Conclusions

Incidence of amyloidosis among patients with SpA has strongly decreased in Spain. Amyloidosis is most strongly associated with SpA-IBD while the strength of association with PsA and ReA is similar to that with AS.
Understanding environmental patterns of canid predation on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Authors: Olson L.O. , Van Deelen T.R. , Storm D.J. , Crimmins S.M.
Published: September 2021

The outcome of encounters between predators and prey affects predation rates and ultimately population dynamics. Determining how environmental features influence predation rates helps guide conservation and management efforts. We studied where gray wolves (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) and coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823) killed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) in northern Wisconsin, USA. We monitored 499 white-tailed deer for cause-specific mortality between 2011 and 2014 using VHF radio collars. We investigated the locations of 125 deer mortalities and determined that 63 were canid (wolf or coyote) kill sites. We analyzed spatial patterns of kill sites using resource selection functions in a model selection framework, incorporating environmental variables including vegetative cover, human development, snow depth, and water. We found no evidence that vegetative cover or human development affected predation risk; however, we did find that increasing snow depth resulted in increased relative predation risk. This finding is consistent with existing research on the influence of snow cover on white-tailed deer survival. Our results suggest that understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of white-tailed deer predation requires a better understanding of snow depth variation in space and time. As climate change scenarios predict changes in snowfall throughout the northern hemisphere, understanding the effect on predator–prey spatial dynamics will be important for management and conservation efforts.
Link prediction for multilayer networks using interlayer structural information
Authors: Tang Fengqin , Wang Chunning , Wang Yuanyuan , Su Jinxia
Published: September 2021

A multilayer network is a useful representation for real-world complex systems in which multiple types of connections are formed between entities. Connections of the same type form a specific layer of the network. We propose a novel framework for predicting links in a target layer of a multilayer network by taking into account the interlayer structural information. The method depends on the intuitive assumption that two node pairs in the target layer tend to have similar connection patterns if these pairs of nodes are similar. Further, the prediction accuracy will be improved in the target layer if the structural information of the copies of the node pairs in relevant layers is employed. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method experimentally by applying it to both simulated and real-world multilayer networks.
Direction dependent photon superbunching effect from an atomic array
Authors: Gulfam Qurrat-ul-Ain
Published: September 2021

The probability of correlated emission of fluorescent photons as a function of detection directions has been investigated. The model system comprises identical two-level atoms arranged in the form of a line. A weak laser field resonantly excites only one of the atoms in the line. Two interaction mechanisms, namely, the vacuum-induced dipole–dipole interaction and the collective spontaneous emission couple the system of atoms. The aim is to observe the emission of a set of photon twins synchronized in time. It is seen that strongly directional emission of pairs of photons can take place due to the interference between the emitters. These highly correlated pairs of photons can be observed in very precise geometric directions. The observation is made based on two different detection procedures. It is found that the superradiant photons always tend to be bunched along the same direction.
APPLYING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY TO RESHAPE THE SERVICE MODELS OF SUPPLY CHAIN FINANCE FOR SMES IN CHINA
Authors: CHEN JINGJING , CHEN SHIYI , LIU QINGFU , SHEN MI
Published: September 2021

Supply chain finance refers to the financial service model in which banks rely on core enterprises to manage the capital flow and logistics of upstream and downstream small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It adopts the self-testing and closed-loop credit model to control funds and risks. It is an efficient route for SMEs to solve the problem of financing. However, at present, the market of supply chain finance in China still faces problems such as the inability of credit disassembly of core enterprises, which seriously hinder the development of the supply chain finance industry. Blockchain technology featuring decentralization, tamper-proofing and traceability had been widely adopted in the field of finance and provided a new vision to solve the bottleneck for the development of supply chain finance. In this paper, with regard to the characteristics of supply chain finance, we propose a novel blockchain-driven architecture to reshape the business process of supply chain finance, and we introduce the underlying technical implementations in detail. Our contributions in this paper include (1) proposing a novel technical architecture of blockchain-driven supply chain finance management system and detailing its underlying implementations; (2) designing the mechanism of the credit disassembly, which is implemented by blockchain technology, to improve financing efficiency; and (3) exploring the impact and potential of blockchain technology in traditional business models (e.g., receivables financing, inventory financing and prepayment financing) in supply chain finance.
Dark photon portal into mirror world
Authors: Alizzi Abdaljalel , Silagadze Z. K.
Published: September 2021

Dark photons and mirror matter are well-motivated dark matter candidates. It is possible that both of them arose during the compactification and symmetry breaking scenario of the heterotic [Formula: see text] string theory and are related to each other. In this case, dark photons can become a natural portal into the mirror world. Unfortunately, the expected magnitude of the induced interactions of ordinary matter with mirror matter is too small to be of phenomenological interest.
Neutron interactions with electromagnetic fields and single-neutron solitons
Authors: Bruce Stanley A.
Published: September 2021

We address the bound-state dynamics of a neutron with anomalous magnetic dipole moment in the presence of electromagnetic (EM) fields described by a generalized Dirac–Pauli equation. This generalization consists of including appropriate couplings between Lorentz scalar and pseudoscalar fields with EM fields in the Lagrangian of the system. We exactly solve two single-particle problems: first, a Hydrogen-like system; second, a relativistic Schrödinger-like equation for a linear confining potential. We comment on the relevance of this approach to explore fermion (e.g. neutron) self-interactions as solitonic models of the neutron.
A Circularly Polarized, Flexible and Compact Quad-Band Wearable Antenna for Off-Body Communication Applications
Authors: Badisa Anil , Madhav B T P , Nadh B Prudhvi
Published: September 2021

A compact wearable textile antenna with multiband and circular polarization characteristics is proposed in this work for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN). An asymmetrically connected vertical stub as a radiator with the partial ground for quad-band (3.03–3.76[Formula: see text]GHz, 5.48–6.24[Formula: see text]GHz, 7.10–7.40[Formula: see text]GHz, 7.93–8.22[Formula: see text]GHz) operation and horizontal stubs on the radiator with L-slots in the ground is proposed for the triple band (3.16–3.22[Formula: see text]GHz, 7.25–7.36[Formula: see text]GHz and 7.93–8.08[Formula: see text]GHz) circularly polarized radiation. Jeans fabric is used as substrate with dielectric constant [Formula: see text] and loss tangent ([Formula: see text]). The dimensions of the proposed antenna are [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm3. Various conductive fabrics are investigated and analyzed as a radiating element. The proposed jeans antenna provides the gain ([Formula: see text] dB) and radiation efficiency ([Formula: see text]%) for all operating bands. The impact of the human body right arm loading on the antenna has been presented in terms of the reflection coefficient ([Formula: see text]) and gain using the CST Microwave studio simulation environment. The proposed antenna provides stable performance under bending conditions and the SAR values that are under acceptable limits ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W/kg for 10[Formula: see text]g of tissue). The flexibility, compactness and radiation properties make it suitable as a wearable textile antenna for off-body communication applications.
Bilayer Markov Random Field Method for Detecting Defects in Patterned Fabric
Authors: Chang Xingzhi , Liu Wei , Zhu Chuan , Zou Xiaohua , Gui Guan
Published: September 2021

Existing block-level defect detection method in patterned fabric causes a large number of false detections due to the lack of edge information. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a bilayer Markov random field (BMRF) method for inspecting defects in patterned fabric. First, the proposed method reduces samples of the original fabric image to obtain the constraint layer, which can locate the defective block roughly. Second, we interpolate samples into the image to supplement the local information to improve and optimize the imperfect boundary, to obtain a more detailed data layer. Moreover, this paper proposes a new potential function, which considers the differential characteristics of the image blocks in the same layer and the transition probability between different layers. Finally, this paper utilizes a parameter estimation method based on the expectation maximization to solve the parameters of the BMRF method. The proposed BMRF method is evaluated on databases of star-, box- and dot-patterned fabrics. By comparing the resultant and ground-truth images, the recall rate of the proposed method in the three patterned fabrics is 95.32%, 89.29% and 93.28%, respectively, which is comparable to the existing methods.
Optimal Coordination of PSS and SSSC Controllers in Power System Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Kamarposhti Mehrdad Ahmadi , Colak Ilhami , Iwendi Celestine , Band Shahab S. , Ibeke Ebuka
Published: September 2021

Volatility leads to disruption in synchronism between generators of a continuous system. The frequency of the volatility is usually between a few tenths of Hz to several Hz. This volatility is sometimes divided into two types, local and interregional. Local volatility is the low-frequency volatility of a power plant unit or units of a power plant relative to the grid whereas interregional volatility is the volatility of the units of one area relative to the units of another area. The worst kind of low-frequency volatility occurs when the power system in a region has a short three-phase connection to the earth, creating a complete instability of the grid and operating protective systems. One of the ways to improve the dynamic stability and steady-state of the power system is to use power system stabilizers and FACTS devices in the system. In this paper, the stabilization of the power system stabilizers (PSSs) and SSSC is done using the ant colony algorithm. Studies on a four-machine system with the three-phase error were performed in two scenarios and finally compared with the PSO method. The simulation results show that the proposed method produced more accurate performance.
Cosmological constraints on scalar field dark matter
Authors: Escobal A. A. , Jesus J. F. , Pereira S. H.
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to put constraints on the parameters of the Scalar Field Dark Matter (SFDM) model, when dark matter is described by a free real scalar field filling the whole universe, plus a cosmological constant term. By using a compilation of 51 [Formula: see text] data and 1048 Supernovae data from Panteon, a mass range for the scalar field was obtained, [Formula: see text]eV, in good agreement with light mass axion particles. Also, we have obtained [Formula: see text], and the present dark matter density parameter [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] confidence level. These results are in good agreement to standard model of cosmology, showing that SFDM model is viable in describing the dark matter content of the universe.
ANALYSIS OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN MUSCLE REACTION AND STRIDE INTERVAL VARIABILITY IN SINGLE-TASK AND DUAL-TASK WALKING
Authors: DAWI NORAZRYANA MAT , RAMAKRISHNAN BALAMURALI , MALY FILIP , KUCA KAMIL , NAMAZI HAMIDREZA
Published: September 2021

Analysis of leg muscle activation and gait variability during locomotion is an important area of research in physiological and sport sciences. In this paper, we analyzed the coupling between the alterations of leg muscle activation and gait variability in single-task and dual-task walking. Since leg muscle activation in the form of electromyogram (EMG) signals and gait variability in the form of stride interval time series have complex structures, fractal theory and approximate entropy were used to evaluate their correlation at various walking conditions. Sixty subjects walked at their preferred speed for 10 min under the single-task condition and for 90[Formula: see text]s under the cognitive dual-task condition, and we evaluated the variations of the fractal dimension and approximate entropy of EMG signals and stride interval time series. According to the results, dual-task walking caused reductions in the complexity of EMG signals and stride interval time series than single-task walking. This technique can be used to evaluate the correlation between other organs during different locomotion.
SOLUTION OF LOCAL FRACTIONAL GENERALIZED FOKKER–PLANCK EQUATION USING LOCAL FRACTIONAL MOHAND ADOMIAN DECOMPOSITION METHOD
Authors: ALTHOBAITI SAAD , DUBEY RAVI SHANKER , PRASAD JYOTI GEETESH
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we solve the local fractional generalized Fokker–Planck equation. To solve the problem, local fractional Mohand transform with Adomian decomposition method is introduced due to its simple approach and less computational work. Furthermore, for the applicability of the technique, we illustrate some examples and their exact or approximate solutions with their graphical representations.
THE CRITERIA FOR OSCILLATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL NEUTRAL DELAY DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS ON TIME SCALES
Authors: SUN ZHONGFENG , QIN HUIZENG
Published: September 2021

The neutral delay model has many applications in biology, ecology, man-made neural networks, mechanics and engineering. The main purpose of this paper is to establish new oscillation criteria for the two-dimensional neutral delay dynamical system [Formula: see text] on a time scale [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are positive rd-continuous functions, [Formula: see text], are in accordance with the definition given by S. H. Saker, Oscillation of nonlinear dynamic equations on time scales, Appl. Math. Comput. 148 (2004) 81–91.
APPLICATION OF NONLINEAR DYNAMIC EXPECTATION AND STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION IN VALUATION AND FINANCING RISK MEASUREMENT OF TECHNOLOGY-BASED SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES
Authors: LI XIMEI , ALOTAIBI REEM
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper is to determine the assets of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), reasonably value this type of enterprise, and effectively use available data to measure their financing risks. Based on the previous research, the nonlinear expectation and the stochastic differential equation are adopted to combine the enterprise’s financing risk with the psychological factors of the consumer market to construct different risk measurement models according to the current technology-based enterprise’s pricing and financing problems. Besides, the nonparametric estimation method is applied to the nonlinear expectation, which improves the application of the model in finance. The effectiveness of the model in technology-based SMEs pricing and financing risk measurement evaluation is verified using the instance data of technology-based SMEs. Results demonstrate that the traditional pricing models for technology-based SMEs need to ensure that every investor is rational. Although the price of the enterprise cannot be effectively predicted, the nonlinear expectation and stochastic differential equation can reflect the changes in the value of the enterprises and the impacts of investors’ psychological factors on the financing effect of the enterprises. Different risk measurement models constructed can effectively price and measure technology-based SMEs. The non-parametric estimation method can effectively improve the accuracy of the model prediction. The results can provide some research ideas and practical value for the market valuation and financing risk assessment of technology-based SMEs.
APPLICATION OF NONLINEAR DYNAMIC SYSTEM AND TECHNOLOGY IN MOVING TARGET DETECTION DURING SPORTS TRAINING
Authors: HUA KAI , ABOZINADAH EHAB , MARTÍNEZ R.
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper is to improve the accurate analysis of the sports training project, research its video data profoundly, and discover deficiencies and summarize experience from the existing videos, thereby promoting China’s sports industry. According to previous works, the existing sports training target detection system has the problem of nonlinear video and low target detection accuracy, which can easily cause target loss or tracking failure. Therefore, the Kalman Filter (KF) is studied in-depth and applied to detect the targets in sports videos. Combined with the Multi-Innovation (MI) theory, an MI-Extended KF (EKF) algorithm model based on nonlinear dynamic technology is proposed. This model can effectively solve the filtering accuracy problem under the strong nonlinear system. Finally, the performance analysis through different datasets has verified the effectiveness of the model proposed further. Results demonstrate that the model proposed can effectively improve the filtering accuracy of nonlinear systems. As the angle module changes, the accuracy of sports recognition also changes. The final accuracy of the model proposed can reach above 96%. The simulation results and convergence are better than other algorithms, which also proves the effectiveness of the model proposed. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the research related to the detection of training sports targets in sports videos.
FRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NETWORK TRAFFIC AND ITS CORRELATION WITH NETWORK SECURITY
Authors: DING CAICHANG , CHEN YIQIN , LIU ZHIYUAN , ALSHEHRI AHMED MOHAMMED , LIU TIANYIN
Published: September 2021

Based on the analysis of the self-similarity of network traffic, a network anomaly detection technology is proposed by combining with the fuzzy logic so as to explore the fractal characteristics of network traffic. The concepts of network traffic and network security are introduced. Then, a network traffic model of network traffic is proposed based on the fractal theory and wavelet analysis. Finally, a distributed denial of service (DDoS) that attacks the monitoring and intensity judgment method is put forward based on the fuzzy logic theory. The results show that the autocorrelation function of the multifractal wavelet model constructed based on the local Hurst exponent (LHE) can reach a mean square error (MSE) of [Formula: see text], which proves that the network traffic model proposed can reduce the impact of the non-stationary characteristics of the network traffic on the modeling accuracy. The network security detection method proposed can monitor the DDoS attacks and can accurately judge the attack intensity in real time. The research in this study provides an important reference for the scientific operation of the network.
DISCRETIZATION PROCESSING OF FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT USING STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION SIMULATION METHOD
Authors: LIU QI , KHADIDOS ALAA OMAR , WAN PENGBO
Published: September 2021

The purposes of this paper are to improve the scientific processing level of risk management in the financial field, enrich the application range of mathematical models in financial calculations, and comprehensively discuss the theories and concepts of mathematical finance and stochastic differential equations. More importantly, the common option pricing issues in financial risk management have been researched using the forward–backward stochastic differential equation. The fully discrete and uncoupled forward–backward stochastic differential equation is employed to analyze the spread option and the better-of option, the complicated multi-asset options. Results demonstrate that the fully discrete and uncoupled forward–backward stochastic differential equations can effectively price the spread option and the better-of option. Simulation by the MATLAB software suggests that the value of spread option pricing is 0.0264, and the value of the better-of option pricing is 0.0251. The above results can provide scientific and useful references for the subsequent application research on forward–backward stochastic differential equations in the financial field; simultaneously, they also have important practical significance for researching on and developing the financial risk management.
PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF NONLINEAR OUTPUT ERROR SYSTEM UNDER VARIATIONAL BAYESIAN METHOD BASED ON PROBABILISTIC GRAPHICAL MODEL
Authors: DU YIPING , KATIB IYAD
Published: September 2021

To estimate the parameters of the nonlinear output error system (nonlinear system), a variational Bayesian estimation method (VB method) is proposed based on the probabilistic graphical model (PGM). First, the related theories are introduced in this study such as the PGM and nonlinear systems. Then, the parameter estimation model of the nonlinear system is established. Finally, a VB method is proposed based on the PGM to estimate the parameters of the nonlinear system, which is tested and verified by numerical simulation experiments. It is found that the parameter estimation model of nonlinear system and the proposed method can estimate the parameters of relevant nonlinear system better, and the minimum error between the parameter estimated value and the actual value is only about 0.0001. It proves the feasibility of the VB method based on PGM in the identification of nonlinear systems. The results of this study provide an important reference for the control and identification of nonlinear systems.
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION USING LANDSCAPE URBANISM AND DYNAMIC NONLINEAR SYSTEM THINKING
Authors: XIAO XUEJIAN , TIAN LI , ALAHMADI KHALED MOHAMMAD , GU XINREN
Published: September 2021

To further explore the specific application of nonlinear system in the construction of landscape architecture and promote the parametric development of landscape design, in this exploration, based on the digital elevation model (DEM) and nonlinear algorithm theory, the road selection scheme using cost distance algorithm and path distance algorithm is explored. The results suggest that there are obvious differences between cost distance algorithm and path distance algorithm in the consideration of parameters in use. The path distance algorithm needs to further consider the influence of surface grid and vertical system parameters. Environmental factors and different classification methods have great influence on road selection. When the limit value is greater than [Formula: see text], there is no obvious change in road selection. However, when SLOPE values are [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, the difference in road selection is small, and the application effect is good. This exploration can provide the sufficient reference for the follow-up study of landscape road selection.
DESIGN OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK USING STATISTICAL FRACTAL MEASUREMENTS
Authors: WANG ZHIYOU , ZHOU YUAN , BAJENAID ABOUBAKR SALEM , CHEN YING
Published: September 2021

To further expand the application range of fractal theory and promote the application of sensors in the era of intelligent interconnection, we design a wireless sensor network (WSN) using statistical fractal measurements in simulation. Fractal features and network complexity of the WSN are analyzed. Besides, the related influencing factors of the WSN transmission success rate are explored. When the box size is smaller than 100, the relationship between the box size and the number of boxes tends to be a straight line, the relationship between them is more stable when the number of nodes increases gradually. Moreover, the degree distribution of nodes presents more obvious symmetry with the increase of network nodes. The simulation results of the network transmission success rate show that under certain other conditions, with the increase of node hops, the network transmission success rate can be promoted significantly. When the transmission failure probability [Formula: see text] is 0.1 and hop count is 6, the transmission success rate can reach more than 90%. This exploration can provide a scientific and effective reference for the follow-up research of the fractal theory.
NONLINEAR DYNAMIC CALIBRATION AND CORRECTION OF ACCELERATION SENSOR BASED ON ADAPTIVE NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: XIAO SHUO , WANG SHENGZHI , ZHUANG JIAYU , HUANG ZHENZHEN , ZHANG GUOPENG
Published: September 2021

With the development of industrial technology, acceleration sensors have a wide range of applications. The application environment has strict requirements on acceleration sensor, which needs it to get accurate input and output response in complexity. According to the Hammerstein model, this paper studies the dynamic nonlinear relationship between the output voltage and the input acceleration of the acceleration sensor that can be divided into static nonlinear component and dynamic linear component. We combine the least square method with adaptive neural network to calculate the parameters of static nonlinear and dynamic linear components. The least square method is used to improve the training performance of the network and avoid the network falling into the local minimum of the traditional neural network. Experimental results show that compared with other methods, the proposed method has the advantages of less training steps and strong approximation ability, and the algorithm is less affected by external noise. This method can realize nonlinear system identification of acceleration sensor and provide reliable basis for compensation.
DYNAMIC NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL INVESTMENT DECISION MODEL FOR SCENIC SPOT SYSTEM WITH UNCERTAINTIES AND EMERGENCIES
Authors: KE GE , JIANG QI-JIE , ABUALHAMAYL ABDULLAH JAMEEL , XU XIN-YING
Published: September 2021

With the rapid development of tourism economics, personalized and diversified demand of tourists and the advancement of modern information technologies, the investment of scenic spots faces multitudinous uncertainties and emergencies and can be considered as a nonlinear dynamic system. Given this situation, the existing investment decision-making model (e.g. net present value, NPV) is difficult to estimate the realistic value of scenic spots, and new theory and decision-making model are needed in the area. Based on real option theory and option function, the paper establishes a nonlinear dynamic investment decision model of scenic spots with uncertainties and emergencies, and then, the model is verified with an example. The results show that with the impacts of emergencies, when the investment value is considered, the option value of the investment project in the scenic spot can be maximized, thus maximizing the total value of the investment project. The proposed nonlinear dynamic investment decision model proves that the favourable impact of emergencies on the investment of scenic spots increases the investment opportunity value of scenic projects, thus increasing the investment value of scenic projects, emphasizes more on the dynamic nature of investment and the favourable conditions in the face of crisis, and helps enterprises investing in scenic spots make full use of its uncertain environment and the favourable impact of emergencies to choose the optimal investment opportunity. Therefore, this study has both theoretical and practical significance.
A fuzzy approach for evaluation and selection of performance testing tools for modular software development
Authors: Mehlawat Mukesh Kumar , Mahajan Divya
Published: September 2021

Performance of a software is an important feature to determine the quality of the software developed. Performance testing of modular software is a time consuming and costly task. Several performance testing tools (PTTs) are available in the market which help software developers to test their software performance. In this paper, we propose an integrated multiobjective optimization model for evaluation and selection of best-fit PTT for modular software system. The total performance tool cost is minimized and the fitness evaluation score of the PTTs is maximized. The fitness evaluation of PTT is done based on various attributes by making use of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The model allows the software developers to select the number of PTTs as per their requirement. The individual performance of the modules is considered based on some performance properties. The reusability constraints are considered, as a PTT can be used in the same module to test different properties and/or it can be used in different modules to test same or different performance properties. A real-world case study from the domain of enterprise resource planning (ERP) is used to show the working of the suggested optimization model.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCRYSTALLINE Co-DOPED ZnO THIN FILMS PREPARED BY CHEMICAL SPRAY PYROLYSIS FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS
Authors: HASSAN FAEZ M. , NAJIM AUS A.
Published: September 2021

ZnO:Co thin films were synthesized by the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) on glass substrates. Then, investigated the impact of Co doping concentration on its physical properties. XRD analyses show that all films have a polycrystalline structure of hexagonal ZnO. The crystallite size increased from 18[Formula: see text]nm to 25[Formula: see text]nm with Co doping concentrations. Furthermore, the unit cell volume increased from 47.485[Formula: see text]Å to 47.831[Formula: see text]Å, and the Zn–O bond length expanded from 1.97588[Formula: see text]Å to 1.98071[Formula: see text]Å. SEM observations reveal the formation of fiber-like nanostructures in the Co-doped thin films. The diameter of nanofibers increased with Co doping concentration from 260[Formula: see text]nm to 700[Formula: see text]nm. The optical characteristics were studied by the UV-Visible spectrophotometer and manifest the optical transparency vary with Co doping. In addition, the band gap decreases from 3.27[Formula: see text]eV to 2.73[Formula: see text]eV with increasing Co doping concentrations. The conductivity varied from 3.35[Formula: see text]S[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text] to 19.88[Formula: see text]S[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text] with Co doping concentrations. Empirical models were proposed to evaluate the correlated variables with excellent accuracy with the experimental data. The best result was accomplished in ZnO:Co1% films, where good transparency and high conductivity were achieved.
Online Dynamic Response Reconstruction in the Presence of Observation Outliers
Authors: Zhang Chaodong , Li Jian’an , Xu Youlin
Published: September 2021

Previous studies show that Kalman filter (KF)-based dynamic response reconstruction of a structure has distinct advantages in the aspects of combining the system model with limited measurement information and dealing with system model errors and measurement Gaussian noises. However, because the recursive KF aims to achieve a least-squares estimate of state vector by minimizing a quadratic criterion, observation outliers could dramatically deteriorate the estimator’s performance and considerably reduce the response reconstruction accuracy. This study addresses the KF-based online response reconstruction of a structure in the presence of observation outliers. The outlier-robust Kalman filter (OKF), in which the outlier is discerned and reweighted iteratively to achieve the generalized maximum likelihood (ML) estimate, is used instead of KF for online dynamic response reconstruction. The influences of process noise and outlier duration to response reconstruction are investigated in the numerical study of a simple 5-story frame structure. The experimental work on a simply-supported overhanging steel beam is conducted to testify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that compared with the KF-based response reconstruction, the proposed OKF-based method is capable of dealing with the observation outliers and producing more accurate response construction in presence of observation outliers.
On relative counterpart of Auslander’s conditions
Authors: Bennis Driss , El Maaouy Rachid , Rozas J. R. García , Oyonarte Luis
Published: September 2021

It is now well known that the conditions used by Auslander to define the Gorenstein projective modules on Noetherian rings are independent. Recently, Ringel and Zhang adopted a new approach in investigating Auslander’s conditions. Instead of looking for examples, they investigated rings on which certain implications between Auslander’s conditions hold. In this paper, we investigate the relative counterpart of Auslander’s conditions. So, we extend Ringel and Zhang’s work and introduce other concepts. Namely, for a semidualizing module [Formula: see text], we introduce weakly [Formula: see text]-Gorenstein and partially [Formula: see text]-Gorenstein rings as rings representing relations between the relative counterpart of Auslander’s conditions. Moreover, we introduce a relative notion of the well-known Frobenius category. We show how useful are [Formula: see text]-Frobenius categories in characterizing weakly [Formula: see text]-Gorenstein and partially [Formula: see text]-Gorenstein rings.
ANALYSIS OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC AND MRI ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HEMODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW TRACT STENOSIS
Authors: AN PENG , WANG ZHONGQIU , SONG PING , WU XIAXIA , DU HUI , SONG LINA
Published: September 2021

Objective: To analyze the anatomical morphological and hemodynamic characteristics of left ventricular outflow tract stenosis (LVOTS) by echocardiography and MRI. Methods: The Echocardiography data of 112 patients with LVOTS were retrospectively analyzed by measuring the basal interventricular septal thickness (IVST-b), the left ventricle posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), and the peak pressure gradient of LVOTS, as well as by observing the characteristics of spectral pattern and the presence of systolic anterior motion of mitral valve leaflets. A Siemens 3.0T MRI scanner was used to scan the contrast-enhanced left ventricular (LV) volume of all cases. The obtained end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF) of LV were compared with the Echocardiography results. Results: The 112 patients were divided into four groups: hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (Group I, 42 cases), hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (Group II, 40 cases), basal septal hypertrophy in the elderly (Group III, 21 cases), and the subaortic membrane (Group IV, 9 cases). The continuous wave (CW) Doppler characteristic of Groups I, II, and III was broadsword-shaped jet, and that of Group IV was equilateral triangle-like spectrum. The IVST-b, IVST-b/LVPWT ratio and peak pressure gradient of LVOTS of Group I was significantly higher than those in Groups II and III ([Formula: see text]). The LVPWT of the first three groups was slightly correlated with the LVOTS peak pressure gradient ([Formula: see text], respectively, [Formula: see text]). There were no statistically significant differences between Echocardiography and MRI results regarding the LV EDV, ESV, SV, and EF ([Formula: see text]), and no statistically significant differences were found between Echocardiography and MRI results regarding the myocardial thicknesses of septal, anterior, lateral, and inferior walls ([Formula: see text]). The Pearson’s correlation analysis demonstrated correlations between MRI and Echocardiography results for LV EDV, ESV, SV, and EF ([Formula: see text], 0.002, 0.009, and [Formula: see text], respectively). The MRI enhancement was shown as delayed enhancement in 52 cases, localized enhancement in 8 cases, diffuse enhancement in 6 cases, and transmural enhancement in 3 cases, with abnormal enhancement lesions distributed in the area of ventricular septum free wall junctions and ventricular septum. Conclusion: Using MRI to evaluate LV function of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is reliable and accurate. MRI enhancement can be used for the quantitative measurement of myocardial fibrosis. Echocardiography can distinguish the stenosis types of LVOTS. The IVST-b and existence of SAM may be important anatomical characteristics determining the degree of dynamic stenosis, and MRI combined with Echocardiography can provide important detailed information.