bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AMD1 promotes breast cancer aggressiveness via a spermidine-eIF5A hypusination-TCF4 axis
Authors: Liao Ruocen , Chen Xingyu , Cao Qianhua , Bai Longchang , Ma Chenglong , Dai Zhijun , Dong Chenfang
Published: April 2024

Background

Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer due to its aggressive characteristics and lack of effective therapeutics. However, the mechanism underlying its aggressiveness remains largely unclear. S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme (AMD1) overexpression occurs specifically in BLBC. Here, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms and functions of AMD1 promoting the aggressiveness of BLBC.

Methods

The potential effects of AMD1 on breast cancer cells were tested by western blotting, colony formation, cell proliferation assay, migration and invasion assay. The spermidine level was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The methylation status of CpG sites within the AMD1 promoter was evaluated by bisulfite sequencing PCR. We elucidated the relationship between AMD1 and Sox10 by ChIP assays and quantitative real-time PCR. The effect of AMD1 expression on breast cancer cells was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis model.

Results

In this study, we showed that AMD1 expression was remarkably elevated in BLBC. AMD1 copy number amplification, hypomethylation of AMD1 promoter and transcription activity of Sox10 contributed to the overexpression of AMD1 in BLBC. AMD1 overexpression enhanced spermidine production, which enhanced eIF5A hypusination, activating translation of TCF4 with multiple conserved Pro-Pro motifs. Our studies showed that AMD1-mediated metabolic system of polyamine in BLBC cells promoted tumor cell proliferation and tumor growth. Clinically, elevated expression of AMD1 was correlated with high grade, metastasis and poor survival, indicating poor prognosis of breast cancer patients.

Conclusion

Our work reveals the critical association of AMD1-mediated spermidine-eIF5A hypusination-TCF4 axis with BLBC aggressiveness, indicating potential prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets for BLBC.
Insights into the action of phylogenetically diverse microbial expansins on the structure of cellulose microfibrils
Authors: Haddad Momeni Majid , Zitting Aleksi , Jäämuru Vilma , Turunen Rosaliina , Penttilä Paavo , Buchko Garry W. , Hiltunen Salla , Maiorova Natalia , Koivula Anu , Sapkota Janak , Marjamaa Kaisa , Master Emma R.
Published: April 2024

Background

Microbial expansins (EXLXs) are non-lytic proteins homologous to plant expansins involved in plant cell wall formation. Due to their non-lytic cell wall loosening properties and potential to disaggregate cellulosic structures, there is considerable interest in exploring the ability of microbial expansins (EXLX) to assist the processing of cellulosic biomass for broader biotechnological applications. Herein, EXLXs with different modular structure and from diverse phylogenetic origin were compared in terms of ability to bind cellulosic, xylosic, and chitinous substrates, to structurally modify cellulosic fibrils, and to boost enzymatic deconstruction of hardwood pulp.

Results

Five heterogeneously produced EXLXs (Clavibacter michiganensis; CmiEXLX2, Dickeya aquatica; DaqEXLX1, Xanthomonas sacchari; XsaEXLX1, Nothophytophthora sp.; NspEXLX1 and Phytophthora cactorum; PcaEXLX1) were shown to bind xylan and hardwood pulp at pH 5.5 and CmiEXLX2 (harboring a family-2 carbohydrate-binding module) also bound well to crystalline cellulose. Small-angle X-ray scattering revealed a 20–25% increase in interfibrillar distance between neighboring cellulose microfibrils following treatment with CmiEXLX2, DaqEXLX1, or NspEXLX1. Correspondingly, combining xylanase with CmiEXLX2 and DaqEXLX1 increased product yield from hardwood pulp by ~ 25%, while supplementing the TrAA9A LPMO from Trichoderma reesei with CmiEXLX2, DaqEXLX1, and NspEXLX1 increased total product yield by over 35%.

Conclusion

This direct comparison of diverse EXLXs revealed consistent impacts on interfibrillar spacing of cellulose microfibers and performance of carbohydrate-active enzymes predicted to act on fiber surfaces. These findings uncover new possibilities to employ EXLXs in the creation of value-added materials from cellulosic biomass.
Surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with subhepatic inferior vena cava tumor thrombus: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ademi Bekim , Jaha Luan , Haxhiu Isa , Çuni Xhevdet , Tahiri Afrim , Gashi Jetmir , Koshi Adhurim , Jaha Art
Published: April 2024

Background

Renal cell carcinomas are the most common form of kidney cancer in adults. In addition to metastasizing in lungs, soft tissues, bones, and the liver, it also spreads locally. In 2–10% of patients, it causes a thrombus in the renal or inferior vena cava vein; in 1% of patients thrombus reaches the right atrium. Surgery is the only curative option, particularly for locally advanced disease. Despite the advancements in laparoscopic, robotic and endovascular techniques, for this group of patients, open surgery continues to be among the best options.

Case report

Here we present a case of successful tumor thrombectomy from the infrahepatic inferior vena cava combined with renal vein amputation and nephrectomy. Our patient, a 58 year old Albanian woman presented to the doctors office with flank pain, weight loss, fever, high blood pressure, night sweats, and malaise. After a comprehensive assessment, which included urine analysis, complete blood count, electrolytes, renal and hepatic function tests, as well as ultrasonography and computed tomography, she was diagnosed with left kidney renal cell carcinoma involving the left renal vein and subhepatic inferior vena cava. After obtaining informed consent from the patient we scheduled her for surgery, which went well and without complications. She was discharged one week after to continue treatment with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

Conclusion

Open surgery is a safe and efficient way to treat renal cell carcinoma involving the renal vein and inferior vena cava. It is superior to other therapeutic modalities. When properly done it provides acceptable long time survival and good quality of life to patients.
Stepwise combined cell transplantation using mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neuron progenitor cells in spinal cord injury
Authors: Kim Jang-Woon , Kim Juryun , Mo Hyunkyung , Han Heeju , Rim Yeri Alice , Ju Ji Hyeon
Published: April 2024

Background

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an intractable neurological disease in which functions cannot be permanently restored due to nerve damage. Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy for neuroregeneration after SCI. However, experimental evidence of its therapeutic effect in SCI is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of transplanted cells using stepwise combined cell therapy with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neuron progenitor cells (iMNP) in a rat model of SCI.

Methods

A contusive SCI model was developed in Sprague-Dawley rats using multicenter animal spinal cord injury study (MASCIS) impactor. Three protocols were designed and conducted as follows: (Subtopic 1) chronic SCI + iMNP, (Subtopic 2) acute SCI + multiple hMSC injections, and (Main topic) chronic SCI + stepwise combined cell therapy using multiple preemptive hMSC and iMNP. Neurite outgrowth was induced by coculturing hMSC and iPSC-derived motor neuron (iMN) on both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) spheroid platforms during mature iMN differentiation in vitro.

Results

Stepwise combined cell therapy promoted mature motor neuron differentiation and axonal regeneration at the lesional site. In addition, stepwise combined cell therapy improved behavioral recovery and was more effective than single cell therapy alone. In vitro results showed that hMSC and iMN act synergistically and play a critical role in the induction of neurite outgrowth during iMN differentiation and maturation.

Conclusions

Our findings show that stepwise combined cell therapy can induce alterations in the microenvironment for effective cell therapy in SCI. The in vitro results suggest that co-culturing hMSC and iMN can synergistically promote induction of MN neurite outgrowth.

Graphical Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells promote ovarian reconstruction in mice
Authors: Li Jiazhao , Fan Haonan , Liu Wei , Zhang Jing , Xiao Yue , Peng Yue , Yang Weijie , Liu Wenwen , He Yuanlin , Qin Lianju , Ma Xiang , Li Jing
Published: April 2024

Background

Studies have shown that chemotherapy and radiotherapy can cause premature ovarian failure and loss of fertility in female cancer patients. Ovarian cortex cryopreservation is a good choice to preserve female fertility before cancer treatment. Following the remission of the disease, the thawed ovarian tissue can be transplanted back and restore fertility of the patient. However, there is a risk to reintroduce cancer cells in the body and leads to the recurrence of cancer. Given the low success rate of current in vitro culture techniques for obtaining mature oocytes from primordial follicles, an artificial ovary with primordial follicles may be a good way to solve this problem.

Methods

In the study, we established an artificial ovary model based on the participation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to evaluate the effect of MSCs on follicular development and oocyte maturation. P2.5 mouse ovaries were digested into single cell suspensions and mixed with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) at a 1:1 ratio. The reconstituted ovarian model was then generated by using phytohemagglutinin. The phenotype and mechanism studies were explored by follicle counting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay.

Results

Our study found that the addition of BM-MSCs to the reconstituted ovary can enhance the survival of oocytes and promote the growth and development of follicles. After transplanting the reconstituted ovaries under kidney capsules of the recipient mice, we observed normal folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation. Interestingly, we found that BM-MSCs did not contribute to the formation of follicles in ovarian aggregation, nor did they undergo proliferation during follicle growth. Instead, the cells were found to be located around growing follicles in the reconstituted ovary. When theca cells were labeled with CYP17a1, we found some overlapped staining with green fluorescent protein(GFP)-labeled BM-MSCs. The results suggest that BM-MSCs may participate in directing the differentiation of theca layer in the reconstituted ovary.

Conclusions

The presence of BM-MSCs in the artificial ovary was found to promote the survival of ovarian cells, as well as facilitate follicle formation and development. Since the cells didn’t proliferate in the reconstituted ovary, this discovery suggests a potential new and safe method for the application of MSCs in clinical fertility preservation by enhancing the success rate of cryo-thawed ovarian tissues after transplantation.
A first-in-human clinical study of laparoscopic autologous myoblast sheet transplantation to prevent delayed perforation after duodenal endoscopic mucosal dissection
Authors: Kanetaka Kengo , Maruya Yasuhiro , Higashi Miki , Yamaguchi Shun , Matsumoto Ryo , Kobayashi Shinichiro , Hashiguchi Keiichi , Oohashi Fumiya , Matsumura Masaki , Naka Takahiro , Sakai Yusuke , Nakao Kazuhiko , Miyagawa Shigeru , Eguchi Susumu
Published: April 2024

Background

The detection rate of superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs) has recently been increasing. Large tumors may contain malignant lesions and early therapeutic intervention is recommended. Endoscopic mucosal dissection (ESD) is considered a feasible treatment modality, however, the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the duodenum create a risk of postoperative perforation after ESD.

Methods

To explore whether myoblast sheet transplantation could prevent delayed perforation after ESD, a first-in-human (FIH) clinical trial of laparoscopic autologous myoblast sheet transplantation after duodenal ESD was launched. Autologous myoblast sheets fabricated from muscle tissue obtained seven weeks before ESD were transplanted laparoscopically onto the serous side of the ESD. The primary endpoints were the onset of peritonitis due to delayed perforation within three days after surgery and all adverse events during the follow-up period.

Results

Three patients with SNADETs ≥ 20 mm in size underwent transplantation of a myoblast sheet onto the serous side of the duodenum after ESD. In case 1, The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. Endoscopy and abdominal computed tomography revealed no signs of delayed perforation. Despite incomplete mucosal closure in case 2, and multiple micro perforations during ESD in case 3, cell sheet transplantation could prevent the postoperative massive perforation after ESD, and endoscopy on day 49 after transplantation revealed no stenosis.

Conclusions

This clinical trial showed the safety, efficacy, and procedural operability of this novel regenerative medicine approach involving transplanting an autologous myoblast sheet laparoscopically onto the serosa after ESD in cases with a high risk of delayed perforation. This result indicates the potential application of cell sheet medicine in treating various abdominal organs and conditions with minimal invasiveness in the future.

Trial registration

jRCT, jRCT2073210094. Registered November 8 2021,

https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCT2073210094.
Physical mechanism for the temporary intensification of wintertime sporadic E layers in 2009
Authors: Andoh Satoshi , Saito Akinori , Shinagawa Hiroyuki
Published: April 2024

This study provides a physical mechanism for the temporary intensification of wintertime sporadic E layers (EsLs) in 2009. It is widely accepted that vertical wind shears control EsL formations. EsL intensity is minimal in winter, partially because of the weakened vertical wind shears. Despite the wintertime minimum EsL intensity, temporary intensifications of EsLs occurred for 10–30 days in some winters, the cause of which remains unclear. In this study, we conducted month-long EsL simulations in 2009 and 2011, the years when both wintertime EsL (WiEsL) intensification and sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) occurred, and when neither did, respectively. The simulations aimed to reveal the physical mechanisms of the WiEsL intensification in 2009. We succeeded in reproducing the occurrence and non-occurrence of temporary WiEsL intensification in 2009 and 2011, respectively, observed by an ionosonde at Kokubunji, Japan, although day-to-day variations in WiEsL intensity were not reproduced well. Evidently, the temporary WiEsL intensification is attributed to vertical ion convergence (VIC) intensification at altitudes of 100–120 km between 4 and 8 local time (LT) and particularly after 15 LT. The VIC intensification is caused primarily by the vertical wind shears of SW2 tides, westward propagating semi-diurnal tides with wavenumber 2. The SW2 intensification is driven by the major SSW in January–February 2009. Additionally, 6–8-day planetary waves can also affect the WiEsL intensification superposed on the SW2 amplification effects.

Graphical Abstract
Myofibroma of the pinna: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Bhatt Nupur , Pan Lydia , Ben-Dov Tom , Rickert Scott
Published: April 2024

Background

Myofibromas are rare mesenchymal tumors with a predilection for the head, neck, and oral cavity. Primarily affecting infants and young children, these tumors typically manifest as superficial painless nodules. Diagnosis is confirmed through histopathological examination of a biopsy, revealing nodules characterized by spindle cell proliferation. To our knowledge, only two cases of pinna myofibroma have been previously reported in the literature.

Case presentation

Here, we present the case of a three-year-old male who developed a myofibroma of the left auricle following trauma to the area one year earlier. The patient underwent surgical resection without any postoperative complications. The patient later returned with a lesion consistent with hypertrophic scar.

Conclusions

This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the clinical presentation, histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, and surgical management of this unique case of myofibroma of the pinna.
An optimized CT-dense agent perfusion and micro-CT imaging protocol for chick embryo developmental stages
Authors: Naïja Azza , Mutlu Onur , Khan Talha , Seers Thomas Daniel , Yalcin Huseyin C.
Published: April 2024

Compared to classical techniques of morphological analysis, micro-CT (μ-CT) has become an effective approach allowing rapid screening of morphological changes. In the present work, we aimed to provide an optimized micro-CT dense agent perfusion protocol and μ-CT guidelines for different stages of chick embryo cardiogenesis. Our study was conducted over a period of 10 embryonic days (Hamburger-Hamilton HH36) in chick embryo hearts. During the perfusion of the micro-CT dense agent at different developmental stages (HH19, HH24, HH27, HH29, HH31, HH34, HH35, and HH36), we demonstrated that durations and volumes of the injected contrast agent gradually increased with the heart developmental stages contrary to the flow rate that was unchanged during the whole experiment. Analysis of the CT imaging confirmed the efficiency of the optimized parameters of the heart perfusion.
Exercise Training Attenuates the Muscle Mitochondria Genomic Response to Bed Rest
Authors: COTTER JOSHUA A. , PLAZA-FLORIDO ABEL , ADAMS GREGORY R. , HADDAD FADIA , SCOTT JESSICA M. , EVERETT MEGHAN , PLOUTZ-SNYDER LORI , RADOM-AIZIK SHLOMIT
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Exercise training during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 70-d bed rest study effectively counteracted the decline in aerobic capacity, muscle mass, strength, and endurance. We aimed to characterize the genomic response of the participants’ vastus lateralis on day 64 of bed rest with and without exercise countermeasures.

Methods

Twenty-two healthy young males were randomized into three groups: 1) bed rest only (n = 7), 2) bed rest + aerobic (6 d·wk−1) and resistance training (3 d·wk−1) on standard equipment (n = 7), and 3) bed rest + aerobic and resistance training using a flywheel device (n = 8). The vastus lateralis gene and microRNA microarrays were analyzed using GeneSpring GX 14.9.1 (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA).

Results

Bed rest significantly altered the expression of 2113 annotated genes in at least one out of the three study groups (fold change (FC) > 1.2; P < 0.05). Interaction analysis revealed that exercise attenuated the bed rest effect of 511 annotated genes (FC = 1.2, P < 0.05). In the bed rest only group, a predominant downregulation of genes was observed, whereas in the two exercise groups, there was a notable attenuation or reversal of this effect, with no significant differences between the two exercise modalities. Enrichment analysis identified functional categories and gene pathways, many of them related to the mitochondria. In addition, bed rest significantly altered the expression of 35 microRNAs (FC > 1.2, P < 0.05) with no difference between the three groups. Twelve are known to regulate some of the mitochondrial-related genes that were altered following bed rest.

Conclusions

Mitochondrial gene expression was a significant component of the molecular response to long-term bed rest. Although exercise attenuated the FC in the downregulation of many genes, it did not completely counteract all the molecular consequences.
Η διδασκαλία στοιχείων νανοτεχνολογίας μέσω της χρήσης ψηφιακών τεχνολογιών σε παιδιά πρώτης σχολικής ηλικίας
Authors: Δορούκα Πανδώρα
Published: April 2024

Παρά την αυξανόμενη έρευνα που επικεντρώνεται στη μάθηση μέσω των ψηφιακών τεχνολογιών στην παιδική ηλικία, υπάρχουν τομείς γνώσης όπου ο αντίκτυπος των ψηφιακών τεχνολογιών δεν έχει ακόμη διερευνηθεί. Ένα εξέχον παράδειγμα είναι η νανοεπιστήμη και νανοτεχνολογία (N-ΕT), ένας νέος διεπιστημονικός τομέας που υπόσχεται να επιλύσει μακροχρόνιες παγκόσμιες προκλήσεις. Λαμβάνοντας υπόψη ότι η Ν-ΕΤ αφορά σε στοιχεία που δεν μπορούν να παρατηρηθούν με γυμνό μάτι, η κατανόησή τους από τα μικρά παιδιά απαιτεί κατάλληλες μεθόδους διδασκαλίας. Αυτές οι ιδιαίτερες πτυχές της Ν-ΕΤ ευθυγραμμίζονται καλά με τις δυνατότητες των ψηφιακών τεχνολογιών, όπως οι έξυπνες φορητές συσκευές, το κρίσιμο χαρακτηριστικό των οποίων είναι η ικανότητά τους να προβάλλουν διαδραστικές προσομοιώσεις και παιγνιώδεις απεικονίσεις. Η παρούσα μελέτη διερευνά και συγκρίνει την επίδραση της χρήσης ταμπλετών, των υπολογιστών και της εναλλακτικής βιωματικής διδασκαλίας στην ανάπτυξη της ικανότητας κατανόησης στοιχείων νανοκλίμακας από παιδιά πρώτης σχολικής ηλικίας. Το μέγεθος και η κλίμακα είναι οριζόντιες ιδέες της Ν-ΕΤ που αποτελούν αναπόσπαστο μέρος της επιστημονικής κατανόησης. Την υλοποίηση της κυρίως έρευνας αποτελεί η πραγματοποίηση μιας εβδομαδιαίας παρέμβασης, που περιλαμβάνει δύο πειραματικές ομάδες και μία ομάδα ελέγχου. Χρησιμοποιώντας εφαρμογές λογισμικού με τη μορφή ψηφιακών παιχνιδιών, ομάδες μικρών παιδιών αλληλοεπέδρασαν με στοιχεία εννοιών της N-ΕΤ. Τα παιδιά της πρώτης πειραματικής ομάδας συμμετείχαν σε μια νανοδιδασκαλία κατά τη διάρκεια του σχολικού προγράμματος, χρησιμοποιώντας εκπαιδευτικό λογισμικό σε ηλεκτρονικούς υπολογιστές, ενώ της δεύτερης πειραματικής αξιοποίησαν το ίδιο λογισμικό που έτρεχε σε ταμπλέτες. Τα παιδιά της ομάδας ελέγχου συμμετείχαν σε μια ακριβώς παρόμοια διδασκαλία, αλλά χωρίς τη χρήση τεχνολογίας. Η έρευνα σε τρία στάδια είχε ως στόχο να μετρήσει την αποτελεσματικότητα δύο διαφορετικών ψηφιακών τεχνολογιών (υπολογιστές και ταμπλέτες) σε εισαγωγικό επίπεδο στην κατανόηση των στοιχείων των εννοιών της Νανοτεχνολογίας από τα μικρά παιδιά. Εκατόν πενήντα παιδιά Β’ τάξης δημόσιων δημοτικών σχολείων του Ηρακλείου Κρήτης αποτέλεσαν το δείγμα της κυρίως έρευνας. Για την αξιολόγηση των επιδόσεων των παιδιών, χρησιμοποιήθηκε το τεστ κατανόησης στοιχειωδών γνώσεων για τη Νανοκλίμακα (TENANO) που δημιουργήθηκε για τις ανάγκες της παρούσας μελέτης. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι η διδασκαλία με ταμπλέτες και υπολογιστές σε σύγκριση με την εναλλακτική βιωματική διδασκαλία συνέβαλε σημαντικά στην ανάπτυξη του επιπέδου του νανοεγγραμματισμού των μικρών παιδιών, με κυρίαρχη την ομάδα των ταμπλετών. Επιπλέον, το φύλο και η μη λεκτική νοητική ικανότητα δεν φάνηκε να διαφοροποιούν την ανάπτυξη της ικανότητας των παιδιών να κατανοούν οντότητες της νανοκλίμακας.
The Model and Efficacy of Online Nurse-led on the Clinical Outcome of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Komariah Maria , Lele Juan Alessandro Jeremis Maruli Nura , Gunawan Audrey , Adammayanti Keyzha Amartya , Vighneswara Dewa , Sihaloho Karlos Berlusconi , Platini Hesti , Maulana Sidik , Amirah Shakira , Trixie Joue Abraham
Published: April 2024

Background: The most frequent consequence for those with diabetes mellitus is diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetic ulcer treatment must be done properly and on time. The development of online-based intervention by nurses, such as messaging health, may improve the clinical outcome of diabetic foot ulcers by providing easier access, more convenience, and cost-effectiveness, especially for patients in rural areas. Objective: This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis the models and efficacy of online nurse-led intervention on clinical outcomes of diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: Randomized Controlled Trials were searched by using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The final inclusion study analyzed and synthesized by tabulation, clusterization, contextual and thematic approach, and assessed risk of bias by using RoB 2.0. The study used Mantel Haenszel method. Results: Five randomized controlled trials with 1399 total number of participants were included. There are three studies with some concerns and two studies with low risk of bias. The nurse-led model for diabetic foot ulcer care consists of phone and web-based that conducted by nurse (community nurses and clinical nurses) and doctor specialists are involved in the service. The meta-analysis for amputation outcome showed that telehealth has more favor amputation number with RR 0.6 (95 % CI 0.43 - 0.84; p = 0.003). For healing wounds and mortality outcome, telehealth with RR 1.07 (95% CI 0.99 - 1.16; p = 0.11) and RR 1.37 (95 % CI 0.78 - 2.40; p =0.28), respectively. Conclusions: Phone and web-based may improve clinical outcome of diabetic foot ulcers in terms of amputation outcome, but standard care still more favor in higher wound healing outcome and significantly lower mortality rate.
A prospective cross-sectional observational comparative study: evaluating palpable breast lumps through comparative analysis of sonomammography breast imaging reporting and data system scores and fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Thatipalli Nikhil , Gattani Rajesh
Published: April 2024

This study protocol outlines a prospective cross-sectional observational investigation aimed at assessing the correlation between Sonomammography Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) scores and Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) findings in diagnosing benign and malignant palpable breast lumps among patients admitted to AVBRH. The primary objective is to understand the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC and Sonomammography BI-RADS scoring in identifying breast lumps’ nature. Four specific objectives guide this study: 1) To determine the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC; 2) To evaluate the diagnostic precision of Sonomammography BI-RADS scores; 3) To compare the diagnostic outcomes of sonomammography and FNAC with HPE, and 4) To examine the age-wise distribution of benign and malignant palpable breast diseases. The study will be conducted at AVBRH, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, over three years, commencing in June 2022. The anticipated findings from this study will significantly contribute to refining the diagnostic strategies for palpable breast lumps, enhancing patient care and decision-making.
Holistic approaches to living well with endometriosis
Authors: Desai Jessica , Strong Sophie , Ball Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

Endometriosis is a common chronic condition for which there is currently no cure. Those suffering from endometriosis-related pelvic pain (ERPP) may struggle with side effects and/or risks presented by conventional medical and surgical treatment strategies, or not get pain relief. Increasing numbers of endometriosis patients wish to explore holistic management with fewer side effects, however it is important that medical professionals maintain an evidence-based practice for recommended treatments. We present up-to-date evidence of holistic strategies used for managing ERPP including nutritional strategies, body and mind therapies, acupuncture, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the use of adjunct devices such as phallus length reducers and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Recent findings Nutrition: Gluten-free, low-nickel and high intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids diets improve ERPP. Low FODMAP (fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols) is helpful in those with concurrent irritable bowel syndrome. Body and mind: Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is particularly beneficial in postoperative pain reduction, whilst mindfulness has been shown to reduce pain scores and dyschezia. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy and regular yoga sessions improve ERPP and Quality of life. Acupuncture: 15 randomised control trials assessing acupuncture and moxibustion show improved pain scores when compared to those receiving conventional therapies alone. Adjunct devices: TENS improves deep dyspareunia and lessens the number of days pain is experienced. Conclusions Holistic management strategies for ERPP should be incorporated into routine counselling when discussing conservative, medical and or surgical treatments for endometriosis. The growing evidence presented for the use of holistic management strategies gives hope to those patients who cannot have, or don’t respond to conventional approaches and as an adjunct alongside standard treatments.
Randomised control trial comparing postoperative analgesia between nalbuphine and fentanyl as an adjuvant with intrathecal levobupivacaine for lower abdominal gynaecological surgeries
Authors: PAUNIKAR SAELY , Ninave Dr. Sanjot
Published: April 2024

Background Effective post-operative pain management is crucial for patient comfort and recovery following lower abdominal gynaecological surgeries. This study protocol outlines a randomised control trial designed to compare the efficacy and safety of two intrathecal adjuvants, nalbuphine and fentanyl, in conjunction with hyperbaric levobupivacaine for postoperative analgesia. Methods The study will be conducted at the Department of Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, DMIMS (DU), and affiliated institutions. Sixty eligible patients aged 35-75 years undergoing lower abdominal gynaecological surgeries under subarachnoid block will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group A will receive nalbuphine with levobupivacaine, while Group B will receive fentanyl with levobupivacaine. Patients will be monitored for the duration of post-operative analgesia, onset of sensory and motor block, hemodynamic effects, and side effects. Outcomes The primary outcome is the comparison of post-operative analgesia duration between nalbuphine and fentanyl. Secondary outcomes include assessing sensory and motor block onset, hemodynamic changes, ephedrine usage, and side effects. Aim To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal nalbuphine and fentanyl as adjuvants with hyperbaric levobupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in lower abdominal gynaecological surgeries.
Efficacy of a Tailored COMET Protocol Combined with Medication on Vibratory Perception and SkinConductance in Diabetic Neuropathy- A Protocol for Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Raghuveer Raghumahanti , Hullumani V Sharath , Irshad Qureshi Moh’d
Published: April 2024

This research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of a customized COMET protocol in conjunction with medicine for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, with vibratory perception and skin conductance being the main focus. Participants will be allocated to either the intervention group, which will get the customized COMET protocol and medicine, or the control group, which will receive standard medication alone, in a randomized controlled trial. Validated measurement instruments will be used in the trial to evaluate variations in skin conductance and vibratory perception both at baseline and during the course of the investigation. Strict adherence to ethical rules will guarantee the safety and well-being of participants. This study intends to provide important insights into the holistic management of diabetic neuropathy by examining the effects of the customized COMET protocol in conjunction with medication on vibratory perception and skin conductance. This could result in better treatment plans and an improvement in the quality of life for those who are affected. CTRI Reference Number CTRI/2023/07/055366,https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/rmaindet.php?trialid=89691&EncHid=88073.73654&modid=1&compid=19,20/07/2023
Prevalence of psychological distress: a scientific approach towards the mental health and wellbeing of population during the SARS-COV-2 outbreak
Authors: Tauqir Saman , Shah Inayat , Alsubaie Ahmed , Noreen Sara , Sadaf Shazia , Ali Saqib
Published: April 2024

Background The global challenge of the novel coronavirus has led to an unprecedented downturn, adversely affecting the health and mental wellbeing of communities worldwide. The objective of this study is to assess mental health and psychological distress levels within the general population of Peshawar, Pakistan amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Method A cross-sectional online study was conducted among 715 individuals residing in Peshawar city, Pakistan. A questionnaire containing details about demographics, socioeconomic status, and residential area was employed. To assess the mental wellbeing of participants a Modified K10, Kesslers psychological distress Scale was used. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviations, were utilized for data analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, IBM USA,version 22). Results A total of 715 responses were collected. The comprehensive psychological distress score was identified as 25.55, signifying moderate stress levels. Among the respondents, 53.3% were females, 46.7% had completed a bachelor’s degree, 41% were employed, 78.7% were single, 93.1% were non-smokers, and 69.4% resided in urban areas. The study revealed that both gender (p=0.001) employment status (p=0.018) were linked to a more pronounced psychological impact of the outbreak. Conclusions The present study indicates that age, gender, employment status, and urbanization are influential factors contributing to psychological distress during the outbreak. As we confront the challenges of the new normal, it is crucial for policymakers to acknowledge and tackle the growing mental health concerns within the population.
Data-Driven Decision Support Tool Co-Development with a Primary Health Care Practice Based Learning Network
Authors: Kueper Jacqueline , Rayner Jennifer , Bhatti Sara , Angevaare Kelly , Fitzpatrick Sandra , Lucamba Paulino , Sutherland Eric , Lizotte Daniel
Published: April 2024

Background The Alliance for Healthier Communities is a learning health system that supports Community Health Centres (CHCs) across Ontario, Canada to provide team-based primary health care to people who otherwise experience barriers to care. This case study describes the ongoing process and lessons learned from the first Alliance for Healthier Communities’ Practice Based Learning Network (PBLN) data-driven decision support tool co-development project. Methods We employ an iterative approach to problem identification and methods development for the decision support tool, moving between discussion sessions and case studies with CHC electronic health record (EHR) data. We summarize our work to date in terms of six stages: population-level descriptive-exploratory study, PBLN team engagement, decision support tool problem selection, sandbox case study 1: individual-level risk predictions, sandbox case study 2: population-level planning predictions, project recap and next steps decision. Results The population-level study provided an initial point of engagement to consider how clients are (not) represented in EHR data and to inform problem selection and methodological decisions thereafter. We identified three initial meaningful types of decision support, with target application areas: risk prediction/screening, triaging specialized program referrals, and identifying care access needs. Based on feasibility and expected impact, we started with the goal to support earlier identification of mental health decline after diabetes diagnosis. As discussions deepened around clinical use cases associated with example prediction task set ups, the target problem evolved towards supporting the upstream task of organizational planning and advocacy for adequate mental health care service capacity to meet incoming needs. Conclusions This case study contributes towards a tool to support diabetes and mental health care, as well as lays groundwork for future CHC EHR-based decision support tool initiatives. We share lessons learned and reflections from our process that other primary health care organizations may use to inform their own co-development initiatives.
Effect of different surface treatments on repair bond strength of alkasite based restorative material
Authors: Purayil Tina Puthen , Ginjupalli Kishore , Pentapati Kalyana , Dureja Aastha , Nayak Rashmi
Published: April 2024

Background This study investigates various surface treatment methods to assess shear bond strength between set Cention N (alkasite-based restorative material) and fresh alkasite based restorative material. Assessing different surface treatments provide insights in optimizing repair procedure that enables durability of the restoration, thus potentially benefitting clinical outcomes. Methods A total of 48 alkasite based restorative material blocks, measuring 4 mm in depth and 8 mm in diameter, were prepared. The samples were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 6) according to the surface treatment done. Group I: Surface preparation by bur; Group II: Surface treatment by laser; Group III: Application of 2-step etch and rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive),Group IV: Application of single step self-etch adhesive (Scotchbond Universal adhesive); Group V: Bur preparation followed by application of 2-step etch and rinse adhesive; Group VI: Bur preparation followed by application of single step self-etch adhesive; Group VII: Laser preparation followed by application of 2-step etch and rinse adhesive; and Group VIII: Laser preparation followed by application of single step self-etch adhesive. Post-surface preparation, all the specimens were restored with freshly mixed alkasite material. All samples were then subjected to repair bond strength measurements using a universal testing machine. ANOVA with post-hoc Games-Howell test and two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni test was performed to evaluate the influence of surface preparation on the repair bond strength. Results Among the various surface treatments, use of a 2-step etch and rinse adhesive resulted in a higher repair bond strength compared to other surface treatments, whereas roughening of the surface using burs resulted in the lowest repair bond strength (P=0.02). Conclusion Application of 2-step etch and rinse adhesive to the existing alkasite based restorative material provides superior bonding with the freshly added alkasite based restorative material.
Cicada minimum age tree: Cryptic speciation and exponentially increasing base substitution rates in recent geologic time
Authors: Osozawa Soichi , Wakabayashi John
Published: April 2024

We developed a new time-calibrated tree incorporating primarily endemic along with some cryptic Ryukyu islands cicada data, following the recent publication of global cicada data by Marshall et al. (2018), Łukasik et al. (2018), Simon et al. (2019), Price et al. (2019), and Hill et al. (2021).  A total of 352 specimens were analyzed using BEAST v1. X software with a relaxed clock model. Fossil calibrations as old as Triassic were adopted largely following Johnson et al. (2018) and Moulds (2018), and a Quaternary geological event calibration was adopted following Osozawa et al. (2012, 2021b) and input into BEAST v1. X. Our timetree suggests that Tettigarctidae had a cicada basal lineage as old as 200.63 Ma, with Derotettiginae the next oldest lineage at 99.2 Ma. Tibicininae is a sister of the remaining subfamilies of Tettigomyiinae, Cicadettinae, and Cicadidae, and their species level differentiation and radiation began at 40.57 Ma. The Cicadinae clade consists of specific tribes with paraphyletic relationship, and the vicariance and adaptive radiation generated many cryptic species in each tribe. We estimated base substitution rate as a function of age, and the result strongly indicates an exponential increase of base substitution rate in recent geologic time. The consequent increase in cicada biodiversity, including generation of cryptic species in the Ryukyu Islands and surroundings, may have been driven by the generation and spreading of C4 grasses and coeval Quaternary climate change.
Editorial
Authors: Verma Dippi
Published: April 2024

Until recently, the academic and policy literature has predominantly treated green finance and financial inclusion as separate and disconnected concepts. Nevertheless, this research reveals significant intersections between these facets of finance. It becomes evident that the demographic groups at the forefront of financial inclusion efforts are often at greater risk from the consequences of both local and global environmental shifts. Simultaneously, these groups also play a vital role in efforts to mitigate environmental change. Consequently, It is required to advocate a comprehensive strategy that integrates green finance and financial inclusion policies into a unified framework known as integrated inclusive green finance (IGF).
Flywheel: A New Digital Marketing Model
Authors: Vazirani Kiran , Jaiwant Sunanda Vincent
Published: April 2024

The flywheel model has gained popularity in marketing as an alternative to the conventional sales funnel paradigm. The flywheel model emphasises the value of client happiness, engagement, and loyalty through a customer-centric strategy to marketing, sales, and customer support. Customers are seen as the primary driver of growth, and marketing, sales, and support teams collaborate to keep the flywheel turning. Flywheel, offers new ways to engage and re-engage existing leads and customers to enhance the brand value of any product. The flywheel marketing approach emphasises the notion that client connections are ongoing and that a happy client may be a strong driver of company expansion. It nudges companies to prioritise long-term success over only short-term revenue. Organisations may establish a self-sustaining cycle of growth by offering excellent experiences at every level of the customer journey. The paper also includes the inter-connection of Digital marketing strategies with the new model which offers the new tactics for engaging the existing and new customers at every step of their journey with the brand or the firm. With the empirical understanding of the previous researches, the paper will conclude with how digital marketing strategies can be aligned with a firm’s marketing plan, which will act as a momentum for marketer’s efforts.
The use of the basic provisions of the C. Lindblom School of Education for the development of the education system taking into account the challenges of the 21st century
Authors: Tebekin A.
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the presented research lies in the fact that, on the one hand, modern scientific and technological trends and geopolitical and economic conditions of development differ significantly from previous stages of development. On the other hand, given that economic development is carried out in a spiral, it is of interest to consider the experience of using management tools used in the previous round of technological development in the crisis phase of the 1970s, similar to the current crisis phase of socio-economic development of the 2020s. The purpose of the presented research is to consider the possibilities of using the provisions of the C. Lindblom school of education in the interests of the modern development of the education system, taking into account the challenges of the 21st century. The main result of the research is the formulation, based on the provisions of Ch. Linblom’s school of education, of proposals for the development of the national education system taking into account the challenges of the 21st century. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of their use in training personnel, including managers and specialists in the system of additional professional education.
On the development of speech culture in secondary school on the basis of interdisciplinary connections
Authors: Marinchuk Nadezhda , Baranova Olga
Published: April 2024

The article presents a scientific justification for the use of interdisciplinary connections in Russian language lessons in order to develop the communicative competence of schoolchildren. The use of interdisciplinary connections contributes to the students' assimilation of the normative component of speech culture, the formation of analytical and synthetic skills, critical thinking, linguistic observation.
Intervención familiar. Necesidades y apoyos
Authors: Hidalgo García Mª Victoria , Jiménez García Lucía
Published: April 2024

Esta monografía proporciona una visión integral del ámbito de la intervención familiar en la actualidad; de la mano de especialistas, se ofrece un panorama actualizado en el que se insiste en la importancia de poseer unas bases conceptuales sólidas, un marco legislativo adecuado, un rigor metodológico en la intervención, así como en la necesidad de implementar estrategias basadas en evidencias que partan de situaciones reales. La obra se dirige tanto a profesionales como a estudiantes que se inician en esta materia y que están interesados en conocer los fundamentos básicos, el estado de la cuestión y los principales retos a los que se enfrenta la intervención familiar. Los autores que participan ofrecen, desde diferentes perspectivas, las herramientas necesarias para comprender y llevar a cabo actuaciones eficaces y respetuosas con la diversidad familiar y cultural, así como para abordar situaciones de desprotección infantil.
Loss of Peers and Individual Worker Performance: Evidence From H-1B Visa Denials
Authors: Choudhury Prithwiraj , Doran Kirk , Marinoni Astrid , Yoon Chungeun
Published: April 2024

We study how restrictive immigration policies that result in the unexpected loss of coworkers affect the performance of skilled migrants employed in organizations. Specifically, we examine the impact of the loss of team members on their coworkers’ performance in response to the unexpectedly increased denials of extensions of H-1B work visas in the United States beginning in 2017. Losing a team member generally has a positive, albeit economically insignificant, effect on the performance of workers left behind. However, we find that individuals who lost peers of the same ethnic background experience a substantial decrease in their performance. To confirm that our results are not plagued by the presence of unobservable team or individual features that might impact visa denial decisions, we build an instrumental variable that exploits the fixed duration of the H-1B visa. Heterogeneity analyses suggest that our result is driven by workers in small teams, teams working on atypical tasks, and ethnically homogeneous teams. These analyses hint at the fact that ethnic ties may boost individual performance through preferential channels of knowledge and information spillovers.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.17319 .