bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual State: Scoping Review of Russian Political and Social Sciences
Authors: Osipov Victor A.
Published: December 2020

This review focuses on analysis and determination of problematic field based on phenomena and related concepts such as micronation, cyber-state, virtual state and others. Actualization of this topic is carried out due to the technological development of modern society, the emergence of new social, political, economic and other actors, the concentration of a large amount of resources by them which could make them an influential power or an alternative of social and political organization. Using scoping methods, comparative and content analysis, as well as services of network and statistical analysis the article examines the level of virtual states embeddedness into Russian political and social sciences, the formation of the corresponding research field, direction or school. Special attention is paid to the Russian segment of world science in the framework of the study of virtual states and problems are faced by Russian researchers. This will allow researchers to see the context, the most relevant areas of work, help to correctly use the concepts in Russian and English academic texts.
Ethico-Theology without Postulates: Questioning the Prehistory of Kant’s Philosophical Theology
Authors: Sudakov Andrey K.
Published: December 2020

According to the prevailing opinion of the Kantian scholars, Kants critique of the traditional philosophical theology in the chapter of his Critique of Pure Reason dedicated to the ideal of reason motivated his rejection of transcendental theology in favor of a construction foundeв on postulates of reason. An examination of Kants sistematics of philosophical-theological disciplines reveals nonetheless some changeability of the borderlines of transcendental theology. This means that Kants critical arguments do not necessarily affect all kinds of trancendental theology, and allows us to investigate Kants reflection of the transcendental ideal if reason as a foundation for an alternative version of philosophical ethico-theology which does not need practical postulates. In the first Critique there is no ground for such a construction, because Kant's concept of virtue remains partly naturalistic at that time. The idea of a pure aprioristic ethics of duty as expounded by Kant later furnished the needed conceptual foundation for a concept already prepared in the theory of the ideal, asserting the reality of a transcendental-practical ideal as a prototype of moral will, as humanity in its comprehensively determined moral perfection, as the realm of ethical ends, and lastly, in an anticipation of the prototypical Christology of Kant's late treatise on religion, as the divine human person within us. Compared with this version of transcendental philosophical theology Kants ethico-theology of postulates should be legitimately determined as a form of natural theology.
Jihad and Hijra Concepts Emergence in Face of Globalization and Postmodernism
Authors: Correa Horacio Esteban
Published: December 2020

The hypothesis of our work is that the concepts of globalization, the information technology boom and Postmodernism are closely linked and that somehow eroded the ontological concepts of identity, individual and cultural diversity, in terms of the relationship I and the other. In the international strategic framework that other has fallen on Arab-Islamic culture. The thought of the Western world, with its logic of instrumental rationality has built stereotypes about that culture, ignoring its archetype. This reality is the one that perceives the concepts of the Arab-Islamic tradition of Jihad and Hijra only as ideas that lead to the destruction and not as a heritage of the philosophical and religious thought for the development of humanity. From a Jungian interpretation, both concepts and the psychic behaviors that derive from them, outside the fallacious and violent interpretations, are valuable contributions to humanity in the current situation.
Segurança Nacional e Biopolítica
Authors: Correia Raphael Henrique Roma
Published: December 2020

Este artigo, produzido a partir de pesquisa desenvolvida em dissertação fomentada pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em História da Universidade Federal da Paraíba – PPGH/UFPB, apresenta uma análise sobre a construção das estruturas de Segurança Nacional e Informação no Brasil, e especialmente em Pernambuco, ao longo do século XX, como sinal de um projeto biopolítico de poder. O texto articula conceitos da teoria biopolítica explorando a organização da Escola Superior de Guerra, permeada pela ideia de guerra permanente e interna, passando pelo processo de criação das polícias políticas estaduais até o detalhamento da emergência de mecanismos, técnicas, recursos procedimentos e a prática de uma mecânica de controle e monitoramento do cotidiano de pernambucanos nessas circunstâncias. Além disso, sua leitura é fundamental para os que se interessam pelo processo de desenvolvimento das redes de segurança e informação anterior ao golpe civil-militar de 1964, as quais serão indispensáveis para a execução e manutenção da Ditadura Militar de 21 anos.
A Anormalidade nos Domínios Biopolíticos
Authors: Bezerra Rafael Santana
Published: December 2020

Este artigo se insere na problemática geral dos efeitos que o medo de uma possível reprodução e expansão da loucura impôs aos médicos psiquiatras e ao Estado de Pernambuco no início do século XX. A loucura ingressava, ao lado das grandes doenças epidêmicas, como o novo perigo a ser evitado e combatido. Deste modo, nosso objetivo é identificar as descontinuidades das concepções médicas sobre loucura, atentando para o aparecimento das primeiras instituições de assistência, tratamento e profilaxia da doença mental no estado. Buscaremos analisar e caracterizar os princípios políticos e médicos que guiaram a elaboração e funcionamento da “Organização de Assistência aos Psicopatas de Pernambuco”. O que queremos indicar é que o aparecimento da categoria do “anormal” no final do século XIX favoreceu a emergência de uma nova governamentalidade preocupada não somente com o adestramento de corpos individuais, mas agora, com a vida e os hábitos da população, uma categoria politicamente importante para os projetos de modernização do Estado. Trata-se da estruturação de uma biopolítica da população pernambucana.
Réquiem para uma historiadora negra
Authors: Flores Elio Chaves
Published: December 2020

O artigo realiza uma abordagem historiográfica (estudo de trajetória) e, à luz dos direitos humanos (feminismo negro), sobre a memória social da historiadora Maria Beatriz Nascimento (1942-1995). A narrativa aborda o evento do assassinato de Beatriz Nascimento no dia 28 de janeiro de 1995, que gerou perplexidade e indignação na comunidade negra e na rede de sociabilidades da historiadora. Dessa “memória fraturada” buscou-se problematizar certa invisibilidade e esquecimento da historiadora na década seguinte, desde 1995, dos 300 Anos do Assassinato de Zumbi dos Palmares, depois a Marcha Zumbi +10 (2005) e a Marcha das Mulheres Negras (2015). Por fim, considerou-se o retorno e o reconhecimento do legado de Beatriz Nascimento tanto pela sua trajetória e experiência negras quanto o apreço pela sua produção acadêmica, cinematográfica e poética a partir da publicação em livro, na última década, de sua obra esparsa por jornais, revistas e coletâneas, desde 1974. O corpus documental desse trabalho baseia-se em acervo digital (imprensa comercial, jornais alternativos, blogs de ativistas, movimentos e entidades negras), portais institucionais da Biblioteca Nacional (Hemeroteca Digital e Acervo Digital), do Arquivo Nacional (Fundo Beatriz Nascimento), do Museu Afro Digital (UERJ-Rio) e da obra publicada da historiadora.
Leocádia e suas mortes
Authors: Vasconcelos Fernando Donato
Published: December 2020

Narrativas de um assassinato ocorrido há mais de um século no Alto Sertão baiano, são discutidas a partir da revisão de fontes históricas não verificadas anteriormente. Apesar de cultuada por alguns como “santa”, como se fosse uma reparação popular, a vítima teve sua imagem desqualificada de modo sexista e responsabilizada por sua própria morte, enquanto a mandante e sua família foram protegidos em vários aspectos. Fatos antes ocultados e deturpados, em meio a memórias fragmentadas e imaginadas, são analisados à luz dos conflitos de interesses e valores de uma época de formação do Arraial de Beija-Flor, de seca severa, migração econômica, abolição da escravatura e início da República.
O fantasma do corpo
Authors: Afonso Paul Jardim Martins
Published: December 2020

Os estudos historiográficos contemporâneos lançaram o corpo em problematizações que, sobre diversos ângulos, observaram os comportamentos, práticas, formas de interação e de constituição do corpo-sujeito. Suas representações e significados entram em cena na pesquisa histórica, e na esteira das elaborações, o presente artigo propõe compreender a sexualidade como dispositivo do biopoder e o corpo como superfície de investimento biopolítico, a partir do filme A Pele que Habito (2011), de Pedro Almodóvar. Para tanto, foram selecionados seis enquadramentos do filme em atos da personagem Vera/Vincent em que, à luz do que compreende Michel Foucault como dispositivo biopolítico, apresenta de que modo a sexualidade atua como elemento de esquadrinhamento, captura e controle dos corpos, em um primeiro debate. Em seguida, seguindo a questão proposta por Espinosa “O que pode um corpo”, delineia-se um debate acerca da constituição da identidade como aparato de enclausuramento, da ideia de representação como a própria imagem mantida para cessar o movimento de criação de possibilidades de vida e, por fim, como a personagem que encena esse corpo é capaz de nos direcionar para uma possibilidade outra de leitura ético- estética de viver.
Proposição de graus de não congruência semântica nas conversões entre os registros geométrico bidimensional e o simbólico fracionário dos números racionais
Authors: Silva Fernanda Andréa Fernandes , Dos Santos Marcelo Câmara
Published: December 2020

O estudo trata de uma proposição teórica que teve como objetivo categorizar, em graus de não congruência semântica, as conversões entre os registros geométrico bidimensional e o simbólico fracionário dos números racionais, sendo um recorte da tese de doutorado da autora. Para tal adotamos como categorias de análise uma classificação das representações semióticas pertencentes ao registro geométrico bidimensional; as unidades figurais, que foram definidas a partir das variáveis visuais, dimensionais e qualitativas; os tipos de apreensões geométricas requeridas pelas figuras geométricas, no momento da conversão; as unidades simbólicas do registro de chegada e os critérios de congruência semântica. A categorização proposta conta com seis graus de não congruência semântica nas conversões entre os registros geométrico bidimensional e simbólico fracionário dos números racionais.
Conversões entre as representações em linguagem natural e algébrica de função quadrática: uma análise do fenômeno de congruência semântica e equivalência referencial
Authors: Silva Andreza , Teles Rosinalda
Published: December 2020

Este artigo, recorte de um estudo de mestrado em Educação Matemática e Tecnológica, objetiva analisar o fenômeno de congruência semântica e equivalência referencial em atividades de conversão do registro em linguagem natural para o registro algébrico em função quadrática apresentadas em um livro didático da 1ª série do ensino médio. A Teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica foi o aporte teórico e o olhar metodológico para a análise. Foi analisado apenas o capítulo do livro didático que tratava de função quadrática, contendo 67 questões com um total de 158 itens dentre os quais 46 foram categorizados como conversão da representação em linguagem natural para algébrica, subdivididas quando necessitavam de um registro de representação auxiliar. A análise baseou-se nos três critérios estabelecidos por Duval [2] para a variação de congruência e não congruência semântica: Correspondência semântica dos elementos significantes, univocidade semântica terminal e ordem dentro da organização das unidades e a equivalência referencial. Foram considerados como congruentes os itens que conservassem todos os critérios, e não congruentes os que não conservassem um, dois ou três critérios, sendo respectivamente, baixo, médio e alto grau de não congruência semântica. De maneira geral, pode-se perceber que nesse tipo de conversão existem maior prevalência em atividades de baixo e médio grau de não congruência semântica.
Estrogen receptor-negative/progesterone receptor-positive and her-2 negative breast cancer might no longer be classified as hormone receptor positive breast cancer
Authors: Zheng Hongjuan , Ge Chenyang , Lin Haiping , Wu Lunpo , Wang Qinghua , Zhou Shishi , Tang Wanfen , Zhang Xia , Jin Xiayun , Xu Xifeng , Hong Zhongwu , Fu Jianfei , Du Jinlin
Published: December 2020

Background: The estrogen receptor (ER)-negative/progesterone receptor
(PR)-positive (sPR positive) phenotype is an infrequent and independent
biological entity. However, the prognosis of patients with sPR positive
and her-2 negative phenotype is still controversial, and it is not
always easy to decide treatment strategies for them. Methods: Patients
during 2010–2014 were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and
End Results (SEER) database. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to
evaluate cancer-specific survival (CSS). The propensity score matching
(PSM) method was used to balance differences of characteristics in
groups. The Life-Table method was used to calculate 5-year CSS rates and
the annual hazard rate of death (HRD). Results: A total of 97,527
patients were included, and only 745 (0.76%) patients were sPR positive
phenotype. The majority of sPR positive breast cancer were basal-like
subtype. Survival analysis showed that the sPR positive breast cancer
had similar prognosis comparing to ER-negative/PR-negative (dHR
negative) breast cancer, and had the highest HRD during the initial 1-2
years of follow-up, then maintained the HRD of almost zero during the
late years of follow-up. Conclusions: The patients with sPR positive and
her-2 negative breast cancer, similar to dHR negative breast cancer, had
a worse survival, and could benefit from chemotherapy significantly.
However, the escalating endocrine therapy was not recommended for sPR
positive patients. The patients with sPR positive should be excluded
from future clinical trials concerning endocrine therapy.
Successful treatment of non-metastatic hepatoblastoma in patient with trisomy 18 using modified chemotherapy regimen
Authors: Schmitt Stephanie , Trovillion Erin
Published: December 2020

To date, there have only been 46 patients reported in the literature
with trisomy 18 and hepatoblastoma. We describe the case of an
11-month-old female with trisomy 18 and hepatoblastoma who was
successfully treated by pairing surgical resection with a modified
chemotherapy regimen omitting doxorubicin given her underlying cardiac
abnormalities. Our case successfully demonstrates how chemotherapy
regimens can be modified to accommodate for other underlying
abnormalities and emphasizes that routine screening guidelines should
exist for patients with trisomy 18 to allow for earlier detection and
treatment.
Report of pediatric patients with cancer and COVID-19: a case series from the MAHAK Pediatric Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Tehran, Iran
Authors: Tashvighi Maryam , Mehrvar Narjes , Naderi Ali , Nikfarjam Hasan , Mousakhani Hadi , Alasvand Ramin , Shekarchi Babak , Afsar Negar , Nourian Mahyar , Alebouyeh Mardawig , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Mehrvar Azim
Published: December 2020

Background: Iran has greatly suffered from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Iranian children with cancer are especially vulnerable; therefore, we
describe the care of patients with COVID-19 who received treatment at
the MAHAK Pediatric Cancer Treatment and Research Center (MPCTRC) in
Tehran. Patients and Methods: Children who experienced SARS-CoV-2
infections from March 18 to May 18, 2020, were enrolled in the study.
Because of specific challenges diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infections with
molecular testing in Iran, the diagnostic criteria at MPCTRC were based
on imaging and clinical presentation. We divided the patients into
inpatient and outpatient cohorts according to the treatment they
received and collected demographic, diagnostic, treatment, and outcome
data. Molecular testing was developed locally and performed at centers
other than MPCTRC. Results: Eleven patients (outpatient, n = 7) with a
mean age of 9.2 years were enrolled in the trial. The most common cancer
diagnoses were brain tumors (n = 4) and leukemias (n = 3). Eight
patients had mild COVID-19 symptoms, and three were asymptomatic.
Molecular testing of SARS-CoV-2 infections was performed for six
patients, and all were negative. Only one child died of COVID-19.
Discussion: In our small case series, mild COVID-19 symptoms did not
appear to affect the outcomes of pediatric patients with cancer. Quality
assurance of locally developed molecular testing of SARS-CoV-2
infections should also be considered.
Electrochemical oxidation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on iron-doped nanozirconia ceramic
Authors: Abazovic Nadica , Savic Tatjana , Novakovic Tatjana , Comor Mirjana , Mojovic Zorica
Published: December 2020

Solvothermaly synthesized zirconium oxide nanopowders, pure and doped with various amounts of iron ions (1?20 %), were used as modifiers of glassy carbon electrodes. The modified electrodes were tested in the reaction of electrochemical oxidation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) in order to investigate the influence of doping on electrochemical performance of zirconia matrix. The techniques of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed. Cyclic voltammetry showed that electrooxidation of TCP proceeded through the oxidation of hydroxyl group. Possible pathway included the formation of quinones and the formation of polyphenol film on the electrode surface, leading to the electrode fouling. Iron doping enhanced the activity of zirconia matrix towards TCP electrooxidation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed the importance of iron content in zirconia matrix for the preferable pathway of TCP electrooxidation. The quinone formation pathway was favoured by low iron doped zirconia (doped with 1% of iron), while polyphenol film formation on the electrode surface was more pronounced at samples with higher iron ion content (for doping with 10 and 20 % of iron). The sample with 5 % of added iron ions, showed intermediate behaviour, where the formed polyphenol film showed slight degradation.
Glycemic Control and Risk of Cellulitis
Authors: Zacay Galia , Hershkowitz Sikron Fabienne , Heymann Anthony D.
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

We know that diabetes predisposes to common infections, such as cellulitis and pneumonia. However, the correlation between the level of glycemic control and the rate of infection is unknown.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We examined the association between glycemic control in patients with diabetes and the incidence of infection in the entire population of patients with diabetes in a large HMO. During the study period, we first selected an HbA1c test for each patient and then searched for an infection diagnosis in the 60 days that followed the test. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent effect of HbA1c on the likelihood of being diagnosed with an infection. We were able to control for many confounders, such as other chronic illness, time since the diagnosis of diabetes, and use of steroids before the infection.

RESULTS

We identified 407 cases of cellulitis. Multivariate logistic regressions for cellulitis showed a 1.4-fold increased risk among patients with HbA1c >7.5% (58 mmol/mol). Factors such as obesity, Parkinson’s disease, peripheral vascular disease, and prior treatment with prednisone predisposed to cellulitis. There was an increase of 12% in the odds of cellulitis for every 1% (11 mmol/mol) elevation in HbA1c (odds ratio [OR] 1.12; CI 1.05–1.19). A similar analysis showed a trend toward an increased risk of pneumonia in patients with HbA1c >7.5% (58 mmol/mol) (OR 1.1; CI 0.9–1.4).

CONCLUSIONS

Poor glycemic control was associated in this study with the development of cellulitis. The study also suggests that exposure to oral prednisolone increases the risk of cellulitis, pneumonia, and upper respiratory infection.
Experiences of Shanghai Medical Workers Who Assisted Wuhan in Fighting Against the COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Zhang Weiying
Published: December 2020

Aim: This study aimed to explore the experiences of Shanghai medical workers who assisted Wuhan in fighting the COVID-19 epidemic and provide a reference for the development of later interventions for psychological stress. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using an interpretive description methodology. Fourteen Shanghai medical workers working in the ICU (intensive care unit) and Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan were selected for semi structured interviews in March 2020. Data collection and analysis were then performed. Results: The fourteen interviewees experienced the following four theme categories and clusters to different degrees: Fighting without hesitation (anxious and nervous, happy and satisfied, calm); brief anxiety and fear (too nervous to sleep, worried about inadequate protection, shock and fear at first sight of the Fangcang shelter); adaptation and adjustment (not fighting alone, distracting oneself by doing what one likes to do, understanding and cooperation among team members, praise and support from patients); and feelings in the moment (continuing to work until the epidemic is under control, sense of professional achievement, avoidance). Conclusions: Medical workers from other provinces and cities alleviated the shortage of medical treatment in Wuhan and ensured effective treatment for COVID-19 patients. Their psychological experiences and coping styles in different periods were quite different and were the true expressions of their emotions. This study will also provide them with further resources and help them gradually return to their original jobs.
Membangun Privileges pada Jaringan Komputer SMA Negeri 2 Boyolali berbasis Active Directory dengan Windows Server 2008 Enterprise
Authors: Kurniawan Fite , Suryawan Fajar , Fadlilah Umi
Published: December 2020

SMA Negeri 2 Boyolali saat ini telah memiliki perangkar keras (hardware) yang telah terhubung dengan jaringan internet dan komputer. Kondisi jaringan internet dan komputer yang telah terinstalasi pada SMA Negeri 2 Boyolali belum terinstalnya sistem operasi Windows Server 2008 Enterprise dan Active Directory pada komputer server, tentunya menyulitkan pekerjaan administrator memanajemen user dan group, membagi hak akses (privileges), karena harus melakukan setting satu per satu pada komputer client. Selain itu, siswa harus mengantri untuk meminta materi pelajaran dari guru menggunakan flash drive, sehingga keamanan file pun kurang terjamin serta rawan akan virus. Begitu juga dengan staff karyawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur, eksperimen, interview, observasi, dan sampling. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membangun privileges pada jaringan komputer SMA Negeri 2 Boyolali berbasis Active Directory, instalasi dan konfigurasi privileges komputer server dengan menggunakan Windows Server 2008 Enterprise, melakukan manajemen user dan group bagi siswa, guru, dan staff karyawan dengan Active Directory, membuat user dan group, mengatur pemberian hak akses (privileges) terhadap masing-masing user dan group. Penelitian ini, maka jaringan komputer yang ada di SMA Negeri 2 Boyolali telah terbangun privileges berbasis Active Directory pada Windows Server 2008 Enterprise yang memudahkan pekerjaan administrator memanajemen user dan group, pemberian hak akses (privileges) setiap user dan group, tidak harus melakukan setting satu per satu pada komputer client. Selain itu, siswa tidak perlu mengantri untuk meminta materi pelajaran dari guru menggunakan flash drive, cukup mengakses komputer client di laboratorium komputer yang telah terhubung jaringan dan login ke server Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Active Directory kemudian masuk ke folder sesuai dengan privileges yang ditentukan oleh administrator, sehingga keamanan file pun terjamin dari virus. Begitu juga dengan staff karyawan.
Synthesis of Epoxyperoxides and Peroxide Derivatives of -D-Galactopyranose Based Thereon
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12, S. Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Fleychuk Roman , Vuytsyk Lidiya ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12, S. Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Kohut Ananiy ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12, S. Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Hevus Orest ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12, S. Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

New epoxide-containing peroxides have been synthesized via the interaction between epichlorohydrin and ditertiary -hydroxyalkyl peroxides. The effect of reaction conditions on both the yield and composition of the reaction products has been established. Through the reactions of either the synthesized epoxide-containing peroxides with 1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene--D-galactopyranose or 6-O-glycidyl-1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene--D-galactopyranose with the -hydroxyalkyl peroxides, new peroxide derivatives with ditertiary and primary-tertiary peroxide groups have been synthesized successfully. The decomposition of the developed substances has been studied by complex thermal analysis and the kinetic parameters of the thermolysis have been determined.
Statement and solution of non-stationary problem of liquid filtering in a deformed porous medium
Authors:   Dniprovsky State Technical University, Molchanov Vitalii
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses the laws behind the filtering procedures of process liquids through porous materials. At metalwork finishing operations, the use of cutting fluids is of particular importance. During operation, liquids are continuously and intensively contaminated with solid metal parts. To restore the original properties, process fluids are cleaned of mechanical admixtures. The most widely used methods for purifying process liquids are those by filtration. The use of filtration for the purification of process fluids is most effective, since filtering through a layer of porous materials results in complete extraction and removal of solids from liquids. However, the structural features of the pores in the porous environment trigger a number of specific phenomena that arise when liquids move in the porous channels of a porous medium. The research purpose is to discuss and establish the laws behind the filtering procedures of process fluids through porous materials. When filtering process liquids through a layer of porous materials, the porous medium of the filter membrane expands with a change in porosity. The change in porosity occurs due to a decrease in the pore volume of the porous environment, since the solid parts together with the liquid penetrate into the porous channels of the porous environment and hover in them. The conducted studies permitted the authors to identify and study the laws of the filtering process and establish the law of change in porosity of the porous environment. Based on the established law, a differential equation is derived. It allowed, for given initial and border-line conditions, stating the problem of filtering the liquid through a layer of solid particles of a variable porous medium of the filtering membrane. The solution of the non-stationary problem with initial and border-line conditions by the finite difference method allowed determining the hydrodynamic parameters of fluid filtration through a layer of particles of the porous environment of the filter membrane and to obtain a solution of the non-stationary boundary problem of fluid filtration in a deformed porous medium. The use of research results promotes complete clarification of the process fluid and thorough removal of the solid parts of valuable secondary raw materials of metal processing, in particular for powder metallurgy, facilitates the launching of waste-free production, and increases the level of environmental cleanliness in the operating area of cutting fluids.
Differences of the effect of thermal treatment in an oxygen-containing gas medium on properties of the surface layer Ti, Zr, Hf
Authors:   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Trush Vasyl , Fedirko Viktor ,   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Luk’yanenko Aleksander ,   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Stoev Petro ,   National Science Center «Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology» of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tikhonovsky Mykhail ,   National Science Center «Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology» of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kovtun Kostiantyn ,   National Science Center «Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology» of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the characteristics of the surface layer of d-elements of the IV group (titanium, zirconium and hafnium) after thermal diffusion saturation from a controlled oxygen-containing gas medium. Saturation was carried out at T = 750 °C for  = 5 hours at different pressures (P = 1.33∙10–1 Pa, P = 1.33∙10–2 Pa, P = 1.33∙10–3 Pa). Experimentally revealed differences in the characteristics of the surface layer of titanium, zirconium and hafnium. It was shown that a hardened diffuse layer is formed with a higher hardness relative to the metal core in the reverse order of their affinity for oxygen. On titanium, zirconium and hafnium, only a diffuse layer is formed without a phase film. The appearance of the surface of the samples before and after processing is given. According to the results of the study, chemical-thermal treatment in an oxygen-containing gas medium leads to changes in the surface layer of sheet material from titanium, zirconium and hafnium. The state of the surface layers directly affects the characteristics of finished products, in particular, fatigue life. Therefore, this treatment is a good tool for controlling the state of the surface layers of the aforementioned metals, and then their properties.
Development of the finishing and strengthening technological operations using SADT-technologies
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kusyi Yaroslav , Lychak Oleh ,   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine, Topilnytskyy Volodymyr ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bošanský Miroslav ,   Slovak University of Technology
Published: December 2020

The rational design of technological processes of parts manufacturing in single and small-scale production is inefficient without wide introduction of modern tools of part manufacturing automation with modern computer-based equipment and software. It is desirable to carry out of automated synthesis of single route technological processes with minimal influence of the operator on the technological environment. The technology of computer-aided design of technological processes is used to develop effective algorithms of functioning of adapted systems for control of technological processes and their implementation when taking into account interrelations with the technological environment. Automated development of technological environments of a given level of design concerning a dedicated technical system is possible on the basis of their rational functional models, created by means of CALS-technologies. The rational use of the SADT methodology with application of the principle of decomposition and development of the SADT-diagrams allows to solve the given technical problems. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop and study the vibrational-centrifugal surface strengthening at the finishing and hardening technological operation to provide the required quality parameters and operational characteristics of the parts. The object of this research is a finishing and hardening technological operation. The subject of this research is method and parameters of vibrational-centrifugal surface strengthening to provide the required quality parameters and operational characteristics of the parts. The development of SADT diagrams allows to divide the technological process to technological operations, cutter–setting positions, technological steps, main machining steps etc. In this paper the principles of control of technological operation for vibration-centrifugal strengthening of surfaces of parts are suggested. The experimental device for machining of inner surfaces of parts is described. The initial and detailed model of the operation of the vibrational-centrifugal strengthening is offered. Statistical and structural analysis of technological process made it possible to establish the influence of the parameters of the vibrational-centrifugal strengthening on the geometric and physical-mechanical parameters of the surface quality and associated operational characteristics. Further research in that field will be related on the development of practical recommendations for using of the vibrational-centrifugal surface treatment for improving of the geometric and physical and mechanical parameters of parts surfaces.
Classical approach to determining the natural frequency of continual subsystem of three-mass inter-resonant vibratory machine
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lanets Oleksii , Kachur Oleksandr ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Korendiy Vitaliy ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2020

Problem statement. The three-mass vibratory system can be defined by five basic parameters: inertial parameters of the masses and stiffness parameters of two spring sets. Unlike the classical discrete system, the discrete-and-continual one consists of two rigid bodies connected by one spring set that form the discrete subsystem, and of the reactive mass considered as deformable (elastic) body characterized by certain stiffness and inertial parameters, which are related with one another. Purpose. The main objective of the paper consists in determining the first natural frequency of the continual subsystem of the three-mass discrete-and-continual vibratory machine. Methodology. While carrying out the investigations, it is used the classical theory of oscillations of straight elastic rods. Findings (results). The engineering technique of determining the first natural frequency of the continual subsystem of the three-mass vibratory machine is developed and approved by means of analytical calculations and numerical simulation. Originality (novelty). The optimal diagram of supporting the continual subsystem (elastic rod) is substantiated. The possibilities of exciting the vibrations of the three-mass discrete-and-continual mechanical system using the eccentric drive are considered. Practical value. The obtained research results and the developed calculation techniques can be used be engineers and designers dealing with various technological and manufacturing equipment that use vibratory drive. Scopes of further investigations. While carrying out further investigations, it is necessary to develop the model of combined discrete-and-continual system of three-mass vibratory machine, and to carry out the numerical simulation of the system’s motion under different operational conditions.
A Review of Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Urinary Disorders
Authors: Tyagi Dr Manoj G
Published: December 2020

Urinary tract infections and other related pathophysiological conditions are a plethora of ailments affecting mankind. Ailments that are as common as the urinary tract infection, uropathy, incontinence, calculi and many other disorders. With the advancement of research into newer and more potent drugs with better efficacy and lesser side effects, treatment is becoming more specific and efficacious. This review examines the recent development in the treatment of these disorders and impressive progress in the pharmacotherapy, it also gives an overview of current and future prospects of drugs for bladder disorders.
The Institution and Practice of Zemsky Sobors: the Experience of Political and Romantic Construction in the Political History of Russi
Authors: Chernyakhovsky Sergey F. , Chernyakhovskaya Julia S.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the overview and understanding of the phenomenon of Zemsky Sobor in the Russian state, – the representative body of power in the 16-17 centuries, -that became the first Russian parliament and determined the history of Russian parliamentarism for nearly 500 years. The authors assess the scope of their authority form the point of view of the political science, and show their functional significance and role in Russian history in the process of transformation of Russian national state during the reign of Ivan the Third into the multinational Empire of Peter the Great. The importance of this research is dictated by the tasks of modern Russian parliamentarism that needs to ensure adequate representation of political, social and socio-cultural groups of Russian society, on the one hand, and by the nearly coinciding in dates two anniversaries: the 25th anniversary of the state Duma of the Russian Federation and the 470th anniversary of the opening of the first Zemsky Sobor (February 27–28, 1549), on the other hand.
The Year of 1905 and Zemsky Sobor
Authors: Lukoianov Igor V.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the discussion of the plans for convening the Zemsky Sobor (representative body of the Estates of the Empire) in the first half of 1905 in Russia. Despite the fact that for the beginning of the twentieth century, this form of class representative body was deeply archaic, there were heated debates in the society and among the top leaders about the possibility of returning to the Zemsky Sobor to solve many acute problems, and above all, – whether to pursue the war against Japan. However, after intensive discussions by the summer of 1905 the autocracy rejected the idea of the Sobor, preferring the State Duma to it. It seems that as regards to the Sobor, the imperial power, not accepting the uncompromising position of the ultra-right, did not have the chance to gain the support and sympathy of the liberals in the case of the convening of the Zemsky Sobor.
Russian Conservatism and Popular Representation
Authors: Ulyanova Lyubov V. , Mezhuev Boris V.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the issue of Russian conservatism and popular representation and analyzes the new historiography of social thought in the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries on the basis of a number of monographs and materials of well-known specialists in late Slavophilism published by the “Russian Idea” internet site over the period of several years. The authors differentiate the protective conservatism (in the spirit of K.P. Pobedonostsev and his work “The Great Lie of Our Time”) that denied the positive role of any representation, and the social conservatism that saw the popular representation in the form of Zemsky Sobor as an integral part of political life and panacea against revolution. The authors prove the thesis that moderate conservative and Slavophiles’ recipes of social and political system modernization, based on the principles of power and society mutual trust, much better suited the goals of Russian state system evolutionary modernization than the reactionary protective conservatism on the one hand, and western liberal parliamentarism, on the other hand.
The Influence of Modern Party System on the Development of Parliamentarism in Russia: Institutional, Political and Psychological Aspects
Authors: Palitai Ivan S.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the modern Russian party system. In the first part of the article, the author shows the historical features of the parties formation in Russia and analyzes the reasons for the low turnout in the elections to the State Duma in 2016. According to the author the institutional reasons consist in the fact that the majority of modern political parties show less and less ability to produce new ideas, and the search for meanings is conducted on the basis of the existing, previously proposed sets of options. Parties reduce the topic of self-identification in party rhetoric, narrowing it down to “branded” ideas or focusing on the image of the leader. In addition, the author shows the decrease in the overall political activity of citizens after the 2011 elections, and points out that the legislation amendments led to the reduction of the election campaigns duration and changes in the voting system itself. The second part of the article is devoted to the study of the psychological aspects of the party system. The author presents the results of the investigation of images of the parties as well as the results of the population opinion polls, held by the centers of public opinion study. On the basis of this data, the author concludes that according to the public opinion the modern party system is ineffective, and the parties don’t have real political weight, which leads to the decrease of the interest in their activities and confidence in them. The author supposes that all this may be the consequence of the people’s fatigue from the same persons in politics, but at the same time the electorate’s desire to see new participants in political processes is formulated rather vaguely, since, according to the people, this might not bring any positive changes.
Parlamentary Diplovfcy of New Russia
Authors: Morozov Oleg V.
Published: December 2020

This article presents the results of the author's reflections on the theoretical principles, legal basis and practice of the international activities of the Federal Assembly – the Parliament of the Russian Federation, - in connection with the 25th anniversary of parliamentarism of new Russia. The author analyzes the country network of relations, forms of bilateral inter-parliamentary cooperation, shows the experience of cooperation with European inter-parliamentary structures and associations. Special attention is paid to parliamentary cooperation within the framework of the Union of Belarus and Russia, the collective security Treaty Organization, the Commonwealth of independent States and the Eurasian economic community. He also shows the demand for inter-parliamentary cooperation with BRICS countries and Shanghai Cooperation Organization. On the basis of the Concept of foreign policy of Russian Federation (dd. November 30, 2016, N 640), the speech of Minister of foreign Affairs of Russia Sergey Lavrov at the Munich security conference February 16, 2019 and the message of the President of Russian Federation Vladimir Putin to Federal Assembly February 20, 2019 the author presents the list of directions, topics and geography of international cooperation of Russian Parliament for the medium term future.
Alexander Solzhenitsyn Through the Eyes of Byelorussian Publicists
Authors: Gronsky Alexander D. 
Published: December 2020

For Byelorussian nationalists Alexander Solzhenitsyn was the symbol of struggle against Soviet regime. But his essay «Rebuilding Russia» changed the attitude to Solzhenitsyn. Byelorussian publicists started to see Solzhenitsyn as supporter of Russian imperial policy. Nevertheless, for Byelorussian nationalism anti-Soviet Solzhenitsyn was more important than Solzhenitsyn imperial views supporter.
Radicalism as the Choice: the Case of Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Authors: Kazin Alexander L.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the creative development of Alexander Solzhenitsyn as a writer, thinker and politician. The author consistently analyzes the main fiction and publicistic works of the writer. The concept is based on the idea of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s political radicalism, which makes his work and ideology internally contradictory. Essentially the author of «The GULAG Archipelagо» simultaneously advocates and opposes Russia, proving himself to be patriot and anti-patriot at the same time. This refers both to his ideology and the characters of his works. Moreover, the said contradiction can manifest itself in the framework of one and the same work, even within one phrase. This explains the completely opposing assessments of the ideological and creative heritage of Solzhenitsyn, both in Russia and abroad. In his studies the author turns to the broad philosophical context of the phenomenon of Solzhenitsyn as radical.
Sovietism. Who Defends the Rightness of the Cannibal
Authors: Yuriev Dmitry A.
Published: December 2020

Sovietism means the betrayal of the memory of the Immortal regiment, the substitution of the trench truth with the osobist’s lie, the revenge of the osobists over trench fighters. Legalization of ignorance. Legalization of evil. This is the shameless attempt to justify Stalin by Hitler, mass terror – by the Holocaust. This is a direct threat to everything that we have in life and to everything that can still come true. A threat to the preservation of people, a threat to the revival of Russia.
Two Fates: “Russkaya Beseda” and “Russky Vestnik” (to the Question of the Reasons for the Failure of the Slavophil Publishing Project)
Authors: Perevalova Elena V.
Published: December 2020

The article provides a comparative analysis of two Moscow literary and political magazines of the second half of the 1850s: “Russkaya Beseda”, the publication of which was initiated in 1856 by members of the Moscow Slavophile circle A.I. Koshelev, Yu.F. Samarin, Aksakovs, I.V. and P.V. Kireevsky and others, and the “Russky Vestnik”, which arose in the same year as an organ of a pro-Western liberal university professors. It was revealed that in a very favorable socio-political situation (liberalization of the government course, the rapid development of public thought, the weakening of censorship), both publications were able to successfully implement their programs and gain recognition from an educated audience. However, while “Russky Vestnik” quickly became one of the leaders in Russian periodicals, the publication of “Russkaya Beseda” was discontinued by 1860 due to the small number of subscribers. We consider the factors that led to the success of the publication of Westerners and became the cause of the failures of the Slavophile magazine: frequency, efficiency, informational and thematic diversity, especially the relationship with censorship bodies, etc.
Admiral A.S. Shishkov: the Forerunner of the Slavophiles
Authors: Grebenshchikov Alexander E.
Published: December 2020

The Slavophile trend of Russian socio-political thought was formed in the middle of the 19th century. The Slavophiles A. Khomiakov, brothers Kireevsky and Aksakovy, Ju. F. Samarin believed that Russia had differed fundamentally from the West, so the European path of development was disastrous for it. Admiral A.S. Shishkov was among those who anticipated these ideas. In the article the author examines the similarities and differences in the views of the admiral and the Slavophiles and reviews the main events of A.S. Shishkov’s life.