bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, lived experiences and user profiles in e-cigarette use: A mixed methods study among French college students
Authors: Kinouani Shérazade , Da Cruz Héléna , Langlois Emmanuel , Tzourio Christophe
Published: February 2024

Background

Little is known about e-cigarette use in French students. Our aims were to estimate the prevalence of e-cigarette experimentation and current e-cigarette use; describe the reasons for using e-cigarettes; explore the vaping experience and identify the profiles of e-cigarette users.

Methods

We used a sequential, explanatory mixed methods design in a sample of French college students. Quantitative data was collected online for a cross-sectional analysis among 1698 students. Two separate analysis based on the thematic analysis and the Grounded Theory were also performed in 20 semi-structured interviews, focusing former and current smokers also current vapers.

Results

The prevalence of e-cigarette experimentation was 39.3% (95% CI: 35.2–44.0) and 5.1% (95% CI: 3.2–8.0) of students were current e-cigarette users. Experimentation was opportunistic while current usage was rational, requiring to acquire a personal electronic device, getting used to its technicality, appreciating its availability, discretion, and learning the practice. In this context, three distinct groups of e-cigarette users were identified, based on assumed identity, tobacco and e-cigarette use, the functions assigned to e-cigarettes, and intentions with regards to vaping in the future.

Conclusion

Despite some limitations mainly related to the participants self-selection, this research showed that while many smokers and former smokers have tried e-cigarettes in this student population, few have continued to use them continuously. Moreover, these current e-cigarette users were a heterogeneous group. Longitudinal studies are needed in young adult smokers for a better understanding of how their tobacco and e-cigarette use affect each other and change over time.
Putting a human in the loop: Increasing uptake, but decreasing accuracy of automated decision-making
Authors: Sele Daniela , Chugunova Marina
Published: February 2024

Automated decision-making gains traction, prompting discussions on regulation with calls for human oversight. Understanding how human involvement affects the acceptance of algorithmic recommendations and the accuracy of resulting decisions is vital. In an online experiment (N = 292), for a prediction task, participants choose a recommendation stemming either from an algorithm or another participant. In a between-subject design, we varied if the prediction was delegated completely or if the recommendation could be adjusted. 66% of times, participants preferred to delegate the decision to an algorithm over an equally accurate human. The preference for an algorithm increased by 7 percentage points if participants could monitor and adjust the recommendations. Participants followed algorithmic recommendations more closely. Importantly, they were less likely to intervene with the least accurate recommendations. Hence, in our experiment the human-in-the-loop design increases the uptake but decreases the accuracy of the decisions.
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 cooperates with initiation factors EIF1 and 1A to selectively enhance translation of viral RNA
Authors: Aviner Ranen , Lidsky Peter V. , Xiao Yinghong , Tassetto Michel , Kim Damian , Zhang Lichao , McAlpine Patrick L. , Elias Joshua , Frydman Judith , Andino Raul
Published: February 2024

A better mechanistic understanding of virus-host dependencies can help reveal vulnerabilities and identify opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Of particular interest are essential interactions that enable production of viral proteins, as those could target an early step in the virus lifecycle. Here, we use subcellular proteomics, ribosome profiling analyses and reporter assays to detect changes in protein synthesis dynamics during SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) infection. We identify specific translation factors and molecular chaperones that are used by CoV2 to promote the synthesis and maturation of its own proteins. These can be targeted to inhibit infection, without major toxicity to the host. We also find that CoV2 non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1) cooperates with initiation factors EIF1 and 1A to selectively enhance translation of viral RNA. When EIF1/1A are depleted, more ribosomes initiate translation from a conserved upstream CUG start codon found in all genomic and subgenomic viral RNAs. This results in higher translation of an upstream open reading frame (uORF1) and lower translation of the main ORF, altering the stoichiometry of viral proteins and attenuating infection. Replacing the upstream CUG with AUG strongly inhibits translation of the main ORF independently of Nsp1, EIF1, or EIF1A. Taken together, our work describes multiple dependencies of CoV2 on host biosynthetic networks and proposes a model for dosage control of viral proteins through Nsp1-mediated control of translation start site selection.
Frances Burney’s A Busy Day; or, an Arrival from India (1800-1802) and the Family Business
Authors: Fernández Carmen María
Published: February 2024

Frances Burney (1752-1840) became one of the most famous eighteenth-century English novelists after the publication of her first work Evelina (1778), which was followed by other successful novels that made her a household name in Britain. Though Burney was always very attracted by the stage and there is a close relationship between her narrative and dramatic production, her comedies and tragedies have been considerably less explored and celebrated by eighteenth-century scholars and feminism. This article examines Burney’s comedy A Busy Day; or, an Arrival from India (1800-1802), which was never performed on stage during her lifetime and was one of the author’s last compositions paving the way for her harsh social criticism in The Wanderer (1814). Like all of Burney’s works, A Busy Day contains a good deal of satire and a provoking view of the domestic ideology, colonialism and the economic interests of the family at the turn of the nineteenth century. Burney introduces an insightful analysis of vulgarity and prejudice against the middle class. By drawing on the work of several Burney scholars, gender and theatre studies, I show how gender and colonialism are interrelated in A Busy Day, which showcases an evolution from Burney’s first heroine in Evelina to a more mature woman that would continue up to The Wanderer and it turns out to be Burney’s fiercest dramatic criticism against bias based on class, race and sex.
Epidemiología del vértigo infantil. Revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Monopoli-Roca Chiara , Coronel-Touma Guillermo , Almeida-Ayerve Cristina Nicole , Marcos-Alonso Susana , Batuecas-Caletrío Ángel , Pardal-Refoyo José Luis
Published: February 2024

Introducción y objetivo:
En la edad pediátrica, el vértigo constituye una entidad menos frecuente en comparación con los adultos, con una prevalencia probablemente subestimada. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar la prevalencia del vértigo infantil a través de la revisión de la literatura y metanálisis.

Método:
Búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos como PubMed, WoS, BVS, CARPHA y EMBASE, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. Se incluyeron estudios epidemiológicos sobre vértigo en niños de 0 a 14 años y se evaluó el riesgo de sesgo con la escala ROBINS I. Realizamos un análisis cualitativo de las causas del vértigo según la literatura y un análisis cuantitativo sobre la prevalencia del vértigo infantil utilizando datos del SNS hasta abril de 2023. Utilizamos JAMOVI para el análisis estadístico y metanálisis, con un intervalo de confianza del 95% y un modelo de efectos aleatorios.

Resultados:
De los 29 artículos revisados, 22 fueron analizados, y se determinó una prevalencia global de vértigo infantil del 18.3% (IC 95%: 5.1-31.5%). Los diagnósticos se dividieron en tres grupos, destacando el vértigo periférico (66.74%). Además, en los registros del SNS de España, el vértigo afectó al 0.72% de los niños ingresados menores de 14 años, con un 4.77% de estos ingresos correspondiendo a niños en el mismo grupo de edad.

Discusión:
Nuestro estudio demostró que el vértigo infantil tiene una prevalencia del 18.3%, con el vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno (VPPB) como diagnóstico más frecuente. Aunque algunos estudios muestran discrepancias en las cifras de prevalencia, nuestra investigación subraya la complejidad de diagnosticar el vértigo en niños debido a la diversidad de etiologías.

Conclusiones:
En nuestro estudio, el vértigo afecta al 18% de los niños menores de 14 años, siendo el vértigo periférico la causa principal. Condiciones como VPPB, enfermedad de Ménière y migraña son comunes. Debido a la diversidad de estudios, determinar la prevalencia exacta es complejo. Estos hallazgos marcan una pauta para futuras investigaciones.
Potential zoonotic spillover at the human–animal interface: A mini-review
Authors: Fauziah Ima , Nugroho Herjuno Ari , Yanthi Nova Dilla , Tiffarent Rida , Saputra Sugiyono
Published: February 2024

Wildlife markets and wet wildlife markets, a type of human–animal interface, are commonly trading centers for wild-caught and captive-exotic animals as well as their products. These markets provide an ideal environment for spillovers of zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). These conditions may raise serious concerns, particularly in relation to wildlife species that frequently interact with humans and domestic animals. EIDs pose a significant risk to humans, ecosystems, and public health, as demonstrated by the current COVID-19 pandemic, and other previous outbreaks, including the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1. Even though it seems appears impossible to eliminate EIDs, we may still be able to minimalize the risks and take several measures to prevent new EIDs originated from animals. The aim of this study was to review several types of human–animal interfaces with a high risk of zoonotic spillover, infectious agents, and animal hosts or reservoirs. Identifying those factors will support the development of interventions and effective disease control in human–animal interface settings.

Keywords: avian influenza, COVID-19, emerging infectious diseases, public health, wildlife market.
An exploratory study on the questionnaire measuring EFL teachers' attitudes towards information and communication technology (ICT) integration in primary school classrooms
Authors: Vuong Thi Hoan
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to examine the reliability and robustness of a questionnaire developed based on the Teachers' Attitudes Towards Computers (TAC) Questionnaire (version 6) by Christensen and Knezek (2009) to measure EFL primary school teachers’ attitudes towards ICT use in teaching practice in Vietnam. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted on a pilot study sample (n = 202) to refine the factor model. The identified factor structure was then used to collect data for the main study (n = 598). Cronbach's alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients were computed to evaluate the internal consistency of the newly identified factors in both the pilot study and main study samples. The findings revealed consistent reliability in the factor structure across the samples, reinforcing the robustness of the questionnaire and its reliability for future use. Implications for both researchers and educational organizations are also presented in this study.
Unalom? Nyugalom? Izgalom?
Authors: Bozsó Renáta , Patkósné Hanesz Andrea
Published: February 2024

Az olvasási szokások mennyiségi, minőségi szempontból, de eszközhasználat tekintetében is folyamatos átalakulásban vannak. Az utóbbi bő egy évtizedben különösen sok változás történt, melyek nem hagyták érintetlenül ezt a területet sem, miközben a stratégiai cél változatlanul az olvasóvá nevelés maradt.
Az SZTE JGYPK Felnőttképzési Intézet Könyvtár- és Múzeumpedagógiai Szakcsoportja 2011-ben egy trendkutatás első állomásának szánta a szegedi felső tagozatos és középiskolás tanulók körében végzett olvasáskutatást. Ennek kérdőívét aktualizálva, online felületre átültetve 2022-ben megismételtük méréseinket. Ebből most a szegedi gimnáziumok tanulóira vonatkozó megállapításainkat foglaljuk össze. A 2011-ben vizsgált középiskolások – a népszerű generációelméleti besorolást alapul véve – az Y generáció utolsó képviselői voltak, míg a most megkérdezett fiatalok a Z generációhoz tartoznak. Hipotéziseink szerint azonban nem önmagában a generációváltás, hanem az időközben végbement technológiai fejlődés és a karanténnal, online oktatással telt időszak is lenyomatot hagyott a korosztály szabadidős, könyvtárhasználati és olvasási szokásain, preferenciáin.
Kutatási célunk feltárni, hogy hogyan töltik szabadidejüket a fiatalok, mennyi időt fordítanak az online jelenlétre, mit, mikor és milyen eszközökön olvasnak, járnak-e könyvtárba és hogyan vélekednek ezen intézménytípus szerepéről, s mindezt igyekszünk a 2011-es kutatás eredményeivel összevetésben vizsgálni.
Feketedoboz effektus avagy a Mesterséges Intelligencia filozófiája a pedagógiában
Authors: Dergez-Rippl Dóra
Published: February 2024

A mesterséges intelligencia már nem csak a tudomány és technológia, hanem mindennapi életünk számára is meghatározó tényezővé vált. Tanulmányomban a téma filozófiai és pedagógiai vonatkozásait érintem. Igyekszem rövid bevezetést adni a mesterséges intelligencia filozófiájának olyan alapvető kérdéseibe, amelyeket a pedagógia jól hasznosíthat a magyarázó tevékenységek során. Ezután a taníthatóság, a tudásátadás és a készségtárgyak felől vizsgálom a témát. Kitérek egy olyan, a szakértelemmel kapcsolatos pedagógiai problémára, amely nem az iskolai gyakorlatból, hanem egy filozófiai jelenségből, a feketedoboz effektusból ered. Ennek kiküszöbölésére metapedagógiai nézőpontot javaslok, amelynek célja a komplex folyamatok interdiszciplinaritáson alapuló megértése.
Some species of the genus Fagopyrum: chemical composition, pharmacological effects, prospects of use
Authors: Mitishev Alexander Vladimirovich , Fednina Anastasia Sergeevna , Kurdyukov Evgeniy Evgenievich , Ulanova Marina Igorevna
Published: February 2024

This review analyzes and summarizes the information of research by domestic and foreign scientists on the chemical composition, pharmacological activity of metabolites of plants of the genus Fagopyrum. The genus Fagopyrum, a member of the Polygonaceae family, includes 15 species, most of them are cultivated on an industrial scale on the territory of the Russian Federation, China, India, Indonesia and North American countries. The greatest interest in medicine and pharmacy is represented by four types of buckwheat: seed buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and Tatar buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), perennial buckwheat (Fagopyrum dibotrys) and red-stem buckwheat (Fagopyrum rubricaulis). These types are widely used in traditional medicine of China, Tibet, the Russian Federation, for the treatment of lung diseases, skin, edematous syndromes and infectious diseases. Currently, more than 150 compounds related to flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, tannins, phagopyritols, triterpenoids, steroids, fatty acids, essential oils, alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, vitamins, amino acids, macro- and microelements have been isolated and identified from the studied buckwheat species. Extracts and isolated individual compounds have a wide range of pharmacological effects: antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antiallergic, antibacterial, angioprotective and adaptogenic. The information given in the review indicates that plants of the genus Fagopyrum are promising for further study and use in various industries.
Clasificación y comportamiento antropométrico de los pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de pediatría del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio durante los meses de junio a octubre de 2019
Authors: Lince-Rivera Isabella , Vargas Gotuzzo Catalina , Pachón-Blanco Nathalia , Rosero Silva Antonia , Meza Castellanos Alejandra Guadalupe , Estrada Cano Diana Carolina , Soler Ramírez Ángela María , Orozco Corredor Johana Paola , Gómez Molano Johanna Carolina , Kunzel-Gallo Alexa , Gil Fabían , Granados Claudia Marcela , Plata Clara Eugenia
Published: February 2024

Introducción: malnutrición se define como un estado de desbalance entre el requerimiento de nutrientes y la ingesta, que genera efectos deletéreos sobre el organismo y el crecimiento, aumentando la morbimortalidad. La probabilidad de desarrollar deficiencias nutricionales es mayor durante una hospitalización y los desenlaces clínicos se empobrecen cuando esta condición no es atendida. Objetivo: conocer el comportamiento antropométrico de los pacientes de 1 mes a 15 años que ingresaron al servicio de pediatría del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio en Bogotá, Colombia en 4 meses. Métodos: estudio longitudinal y descriptivo en el cual cinco estudiantes de medicina supervisados y entrenados tomaron las medidas antropométricas de los pacientes hospitalizados entre junio y octubre del 2019 que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Las variables fueron introducidas en una base de datos diariamente y su análisis se hizo con Stata 17.  Resultados: se obtuvieron datos de 100 niños, la edad promedio fue de 3.6 años y la mayoría estuvieron hospitalizados entre 4 a 7 días. Los diagnósticos más comunes fueron neumonía y crisis asmática. La población estudiada tuvo una baja frecuencia de obesidad y sobrepeso y el 44 % de los pacientes perdió peso durante la hospitalización. 19 % de los niños ingresaron y egresaron con riesgo de desnutrición global, 10 % con diagnóstico de desnutrición global y al final de la hospitalización aumentaron en 6 % los pacientes en riesgo de desnutrición. Conclusiones: se recomienda evaluar el riesgo nutricional de todos los pacientes que ingresan al servicio de pediatría sin importar el diagnóstico, así como realizar un seguimiento antropométrico intrahospitalario y el manejo de aquellos identificados con alteraciones, asegurando además su vigilancia posterior al egreso.
From Achilles to Theagenes and vice–versa: Epideictic topics and commonplace in Heliodorus’ Aethiopica and beyond
Authors: Decloquement Valentin
Published: February 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es comparar la representación de Teágenes como descendiente de Aquiles de Heliodoro Aethiopica, 2.35.1 con varios retratos acerca del héroe épico contenidos en textos en prosa, los cuales provienen de una tradición que puede remontarse hasta el siglo II d.C.: Filóstrato Heroicus, 48.1–4; Dictis Cretense Ephemeris Belli Troiani, 1.14; Dares Frigio De excidio Troiae historia, 13; Isaac Comneno, 81 (Hinck). Un análisis retórico de la estrecha correspondencia entre estos cinco retratos sugiere que los respectivos autores utilizan el mismo marco de tópicos epidícticos, remodelando así las prácticas de la ἔκφρασις y de la narración (διήγημα), lo que en cierto sentido excede a los Progymnasmata. Dicha remodelación tiene probablemente como propósito colmar una brecha con Homero, puesto que éste no proveyó a su audiencia de descripciones físicas detalladas sobre sus propios personajes. De este modo, las herramientas fisionómicas permiten articular el tópico epidíctico del cuerpo con el del alma, lo que parece culminar tanto en una re–interpretación, como en una complementación de la Ilíada. Este uso común de los mismos dispositivos retóricos origina un «lugar común» en el sentido moderno de la palabra, pero cada avatar merece ser recolocado en su contexto discursivo. En el caso de la Aethiopica, Heliodoro modela a Teágenes a partir de interpretaciones antiguas del Aquiles ilíaco como un personaje siempre inmaduro a pesar de su extraordinaria valentía y que, por tanto, ofrece un paradigma complejo sobre el joven héroe al inicio de la novela.
Lamentos, sollozos y lágrimas: la (auto)caracterización de Antía en Efesíacas de Jenofonte de Éfeso.
Authors: Gómez Pilar
Published: February 2024

La retórica juega un papel fundamental en la novela griega. En Efesíacas las intervenciones monológicas, en estilo directo, de la protagonista femenina son numerosas y siempre dejan entrever una clara deuda con los moldes retóricos que sustentan la descripción del carácter de los personajes, la etopeya. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar en qué medida los soliloquios de Antía se adecuan a las reglas establecidas por la teoría de los rétores. Para ello, nos fijaremos en qué momento de la acción se producen y, de modo especial, dónde tienen lugar, dado el valor narrativo significante de determinados espacios físicos en la novela griega, con el fin de determinar si las intervenciones etopéyicas de Antía son un mero tópico y recurso literario, o bien resultan un elemento que integra el avance del relato.
Some remarks on the lexicographical entry for ierodiacon
Authors: Ștefănescu Maria , Minică Mircea
Published: February 2024

In the present study, we aim to provide a critical analysis of the treatment of the word ierodiacon (hierodeacon) in several Romanian dictionaries. Following the investigation of a substantial number of documents, we also intend to show that there was a period in the history of the Romanian language in which a neutralization of the semantic opposition “married deacon (diacon de mir)” / ”monk deacon (diacon călugăr)” took place in some contexts, the term ierodiacon being used for both meanings. This phenomenon was not recorded in the historical dictionary of the Romanian language (relevant for the example under discussion being the old series, DA, coordinated by S. Pușcariu) nor in any other Romanian dictionary that we are aware of. At the end of the study we intend to add some theoretical reflections on the semantic evolution of ierodiacon, also referring to the way in which the entry for this term could be structured in the historical dictionary of the Romanian language.
The translation of a biblical greeting formula into Romanian and Polish in a Romance and Slavic context
Authors: Klimkowski Tomasz
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this article is to compare the different variants of the translation of the verse from Luke, 1:28 (the angelic salutation) into Romanian and Polish, and the modern versions of the prayer based on this passage. The analysis reveals the innovative character of the newer biblical translations, especially in the case of the Protestant versions, while the text of the Hail Mary prayer and its Eastern counterpart used by the Catholic and Orthodox Churches respectively preserves the traditional formula. At the same time,this leads to semantic differences between the Romanian and Polish variants of this formula, due to the Greek and Church Slavonic model in the case of Romanian and the Latin model in the case of Polish. The linking element between the two languages is the formula used in the Polish Orthodox text, which follows the tradition of the Church Slavonic language and thus coincides with the Romanian version, having a literal meaning of ‘rejoice’, even though functionally it should be interpreted as a greeting.
Reverberations of Caragialism in Andrei Pleșu’s essays (I)
Authors: Ilie Loredana Nicoleta
Published: February 2024

The first part of the article with the title Reverberations of Caragialism in Andrei Pleșu’s essays, completes the effort of systematizing the Caragialian literary legacy, by adding to the post-Caragialian literary corpus the publicistic essays written by Andrei Pleșu. In volumes such as Faces and masks of transition (Chipuri și măști ale tranziției), Comèdies at the gates of the Orient (Comèdii la porțile Orientului), The public obscenity (Obscenitatea publică), we find sufficient evidence of Andrei Pleṣu’s belonging to the literary trend of Caragialism. In this first part of the article, we point out that essential components from the paradigm of Caragialism, such as the irony and the sarcasm, the politics, the parade patriotism and the gastronomy are alluded to and revalued in Andrei Pleșu’s essays, in a way that highlights both the viability of the model and Pleșu’s endowment with an exceptional humoristic talent and satirical sense, worthy of a literary follower of I.L. Caragiale.
Orbital stability of the trains of peaked solitary waves for the modified Camassa-Holm-Novikov equation
Authors: Luo Ting
Published: February 2024

Consideration herein is the stability issue of peaked solitary wave solution for the modified Camassa-Holm-Novikov equation, which is derived from the shallow water theory. This wave configuration accommodates the ordered trains of the modified Camassa-Holm-Novikov-peaked solitary solution. With the application of conservation laws and the monotonicity property of the localized energy functionals, we prove the orbital stability of this wave profile in the

H

1

(

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)

{H}^{1}\left({\mathbb{R}})

energy space according to the modulation argument.
Global boundedness in a two-dimensional chemotaxis system with nonlinear diffusion and singular sensitivity
Authors: Ren Guoqiang , Zhou Xing
Published: February 2024

In this study, we investigate the two-dimensional chemotaxis system with nonlinear diffusion and singular sensitivity:

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Influence of incubation delays on COVID-19 transmission in diabetic and non-diabetic populations – an endemic prevalence case
Authors: Anand Monalisa , Danumjaya Palla , Rao Ponnada Raja Sekhara
Published: February 2024

The study of dynamics of diabetic population infected by COVID-19 is of pressing concern as people with diabetes are considered to be at higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19. A three-compartment mathematical model to describe the interactions of diabetic population and non-diabetic population both infected by COVID-19 with a susceptible population is considered. Time delays in incubation periods of COVID-19 in diabetic and non-diabetic populations are introduced. Besides the basic properties of such a dynamical system, both local and global stability of endemic equilibrium, are studied. The lengths of time delays are estimated for which the stability of the system is preserved locally, while sufficient conditions on system parameters are obtained for global stability. Numerical examples are provided to establish the theory, and simulations are provided to visualize the examples. It is noted that an increase in length of time delay in either of infected populations leads to oscillations in susceptible population but has no impact on infected populations.
Hydraulic model for flood inundation in Diyala River Basin using HEC-RAS, PMP, and neural network
Authors: Alrammahi Faris Sahib , Ahmed Hamdan Ahmed Naseh
Published: February 2024

The Diyala River Basin in Iraq is vital for water supply to residential, agricultural, and the Tigris River (with approximately 4.5 billion cubic meters annually), but it faces frequent floods and droughts due to reliance on rainfall. This study aims to address these issues by simulating flood inundation using the hydrological engineering centre-river analysis system model and predicting high-intensity rainfall with artificial neural networks. ArcGIS and remote sensing tools aid model development with data from official sources and organizations such as national aeronautics and space administration and food and agriculture organization. The hydraulic model is calibrated using satellite imagery to depict a 2019 flood, and artificial intelligence predicts the precipitation patterns for the next 50 years based on historical data from 1981 to 2021. One of the challenges and difficulties encountered in the study is the scarcity of available data, as well as the absence of scientific research pertaining to the region regarding hydraulic modeling. The study identifies flood risks in March and April every year, notably for the Hemrin Dam, which may exceed permissible water levels (reach a level over 110 m where the Hemrin Crest level is 109.5 m). To mitigate this, an artificial canal is proposed to divert water annually, protecting the dam and downstream areas without disrupting operations. The diverted water could also augment the Tigris River in Kut Governorate during summer. The study demonstrates the value of integrating multiple modeling techniques and data sources for accurate hydraulic predictions. It offers insights for decision-makers in flood management and planning. This study contributes to efficient flood management strategies by adopting a multidisciplinary approach.
Comparison of thermal hydraulic performance between horizontal and vertical steam generators in nuclear power plants
Authors: El-Sahlamy Neama M.
Published: February 2024

Steam generators (SG) for Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are important large-sized metal consuming equipment of nuclear power installations. Efficiency of steam generator operation determines the overall service life of the whole nuclear facility. Vertical steam generators are used normally in North America, Europe and South East Asia, but horizontal steam generators are currently of great importance to reduce building heights and construction costs that govern the overall cost of new nuclear power plants. The objective of the current study is to measure the performance of nuclear steam generators in NPPs through comparative assessments of vertical and horizontal configurations. For this purpose, the vertical U-tube steam generators of a typical 4-loop Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) was replaced by a VVER-1000 horizontal steam generators to evaluate the horizontal SG performance, at the same plant conditions and characteristics, in comparison with the vertical SG. The thermal hydraulic system code RELAP5 was used in the current work to perform the required analysis, during steady and transient scenarios.
Finite element analysis of deterioration of axial compression behavior of corroded steel-reinforced concrete middle-length columns
Authors: Nie Renjie , Chen Yitao , Xing Zhiquan , Chen Libo , Yue Zhicheng , Chen Wei , Chen Yu , Chen Long , Liu Shuping , Chen Jincheng
Published: February 2024

The corrosion problem of steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) columns in coastal areas is becoming increasingly severe and needs to be solved urgently. This study established a numerical analysis model for SRC middle-length columns considering corrosion effects. The bond–slip constitutive relationship between corroded steel and concrete was established. It was found that when the rust rate is low, the bonding stress of SRC columns is slightly increased compared to those without corrosion. The ultimate and residual bonding stress will decrease significantly when the rust rate exceeds 1.5%. The comparison between the numerical analysis model and the experimental results shows that the establishment of the model is reasonable. Subsequent parameter analysis showed that for corroded SRC mid-length columns, the larger the slenderness ratio of the component, the faster the decrease in axial compression performance. The rust rate increased from 0 to 30%, and the axial compression performance of SRC columns decreased significantly. When the rust rate exceeded 30%, the axial compression performance of concrete columns tended to stabilize. A formula for calculating SRC middle-length columns’ ultimate bearing capacity considering corrosion effects has been proposed.
Graphene oxide composite as a novel corrosion inhibitor for N80 steel in 15 % HCl: experimental and quantum chemical examinations
Authors: Caihong Yin , Singh Ambrish , Ansari Kashif R. , Ali Ismat H. , Ibrahimi Brahim EL , Alanazi Abdullah K. , Younas Muhammad , Lin Yuanhua
Published: February 2024

Graphene oxide (GO) consists of many functional groups containing oxygen that helps in its chemical modifications. Thus, we have explored the synthesis, and corrosion inhibition application of n-butylamine (nBA) functionalized GO, i.e., GO-nBA for N80 steel in the acidizing environment (15 % HCl). NMR and TEM characterized the GO-nBA. The performance of GO-nBA was evaluated via chemical and electrochemicals methods that are supported by surface examination techniques. The PDP results supports the mixed nature of protection ability of GO-nBA. Additionally, the excellency of GO-nBA is confirmed by the value of 93.93 % efficiency. The surface study furthermore represents smooth texture with the addition of GO-nBA. The computational analysis reveals excellent inhibitive performance of GO-nBA.
The Power of Humility
Authors: Becker Audrey
Published: February 2024

This essay examines the diplomatic efforts of Gallic bishops with barbarian kings, in the tense period after 406 CE and during the raids of Attila in Gaul in 451. The first part of this essay seeks to understand the narrative strategies at work in five late antique Gallic hagiographies. Written decades after the events narrated in them occurred, under different political circumstances, these texts re-imagined and re-interpreted these diplomatic encounters, bolstering claims of episcopal authority. The second part of this essay contextualizes the hagiographic claims of Gallic bishops’ involvement in diplomacy, paying particular attention to the role of episcopal humility in diplomatic encounters. It shows that this humility was not only a topos but also a useful diplomatic and religious tool.
Challenges and Strenghts of Family and School with SCORE-15
Authors: Bjelopoljak Šejla
Published: February 2024

While a family faces a test of its own resilience on one side, the most vulnerable member – at the same time the strongest – often shows behavioral symptoms on the other side by sending distress signals that “somewhere” something is not working. If this is a child and a student, then they will surely not benefit from the linear approach of institutional support, in which they are labeled for their behavior as an individual who needs to change and adapt to the rules (of the school). The cause lies in the sub-layer of symptoms that the education staff, primarily an expert associate, understand with the help of other members of the family system. They will then try to intensify communication and mutual understanding of common  goals. The aim of the research was to examine the challenges and strengths faced by families from the perspective of expert associates using descriptive, causal and assessment methods. Explication of the findings based on the SCORE-15 instrument, in this paper, we examine the quality of support from the perspective of expert associates who, observing the family, confirm the linearity of their own approach, but also the challenge of a family that does not accept changes, yet urgently needs help. The results confirm that in more than 50% of cases the observed families apply a pattern of behavior aimed at preserving traditional values (morphostasis) while resisting to accept change coming from younger generations (morphogenesis) and “without trust and family cohesion, have challenges in balancing functional relationships within the family system”. Also, that expert associates encounter difficulties in the application of the system paradigm and that the linear approach prevails in the work. As for institutional support, with an emphasis on the school system, the findings confirm linearly based actions in the direction of treating the manifestations of the observed symptoms, but not the causes that had led to challenges in children’s behavior, which ultimately leads to dissatisfaction with their own work as expert associates. Judging from the results which represent families that possess values such as nurturing truth, courage and personal resources they use to overcome problems, where protecting the youngest – children – is the number one priority, we can see there is room for establishing partnerships. The expert associates confirmed the systemic perspective when it comes to hoping that the family can cope with developmental challenges.
The effect of thermal modification of turbostratic carbon on its fractal structure
Authors: Mandzyuk V.I. , Lisovskiy R.P. , Kulyk Yu.O. , Rachiy B.I. , Solomovskyi R.V.
Published: February 2024

Fractal structure of porous carbon materials (PCMs) obtained by thermal modification under different regimes was investigated using the method of low-temperature porometry. It was established that at modification temperatures of 300 and 600°C, materials with a developed microporous structure are formed, the surface fractal dimension of which is 2.6. At modification temperatures of 400 and 500°C, the value of the fractal dimension of the surface decreases to a value of 2.22, which indicates the formation of an almost smooth surface due to the intensive removal of carbon atoms from the near-surface layers of the material particles, a decrease in the number of micropores with their transition into mesopores, unification of small carbon clusters into larger ones and the formation of microparticles of non-porous carbon material.
High-speed Filtration of Compressible Fibrous Media
Authors:   Joseph Dixon Research Fellow, Faculty of Technology, University of Manchester, Meadley C. K.
Published: February 2024

Experiments with synthetic fibres and a special flow apparatus, yielding data for the water permeation of fibre mats in the viscous-turbulent flow regime are briefly described. It is found that, within the range of the variables concerned,the results conform well to a recently established empirical equation relating the flow resistance of a pad to the flow speed, pad porosity and fibre specific surface. This empirical expression is then used, along with an equation representing wet mat compression characteristics, to construct a theoretical model of high-speed filtration. The result is a system of non-linear partial differential equations for the suspension kinematics and the flow rate/density distributions within the forming mat. Examples of numerical solutions are presented and discussed. When a constant pressure is applied to a fibre slurry initially at rest, it under goes a continuously decreasing acceleration, reaching a maximum filtration speed, after which the speed decreases uniformly, corresponding to a constant pressure drop filtration process. The peak speed may be as much as eight times greater than the speed characterising the final constant pressure zone. Theoretical results for the density distribution in a forming mat illustrate the effect of relative compressibility, for which the more compressible material exhibits a rapidly changing density profile near the supporting septum. It is also found that the rat eat which the mat builds up after peak slurry speed decreases with increasing time to an extent depending on the mat compressibility. Filtration experiments with a bleached sulphite pulp yield results that agree satisfactorily with the calculations, confirming predicted formation times to within less than 10 percent. The experiments thus further corroborate the predicted inverse relationship of formation time with applied pressure, as well as an approximate proportionality of formation time and sheet substance.
Fundamental Properties of High Stretch Paper
Authors:   Clupak Inc., New York, U.S.A., Welsh H. S.
Published: February 2024

The studies upon which this contribution is based were made to investigate the structure and properties of high stretch papers. Webs produced by compaction and by creping, the two main commercial processes, were examined by light microscopy and physical testing. The micro photography shows a variety of web configurations found in crepe papers, including examples of wave formations, internal delamination and two sidedness. The characteristic fibre orientation and densification are illustrated by photo micrographs of webs taken before and after the compacting process. The mechanical behaviour of high stretch papers is illustrated by typical stress/strain curves and a discussion of their behaviour during the process of straining.
Extensible Paper by the Double-roll Compacting Process
Authors:   Research & Development Centre, Billeruds AB, Säffle, Sweden, Ihrman C. B. , Öhrn O. E. ,   Research & Development Centre, Billeruds AB, Säffle, Sweden
Published: February 2024

After a review of the development of extensible papers, a description of the double-roll compacting process and its variables is given. Its principal feature is the venturi section formed in the nip between a rubber and a steel roll, between which the paper web passes in a semi-dry state. On running the rubber roll more slowly than the steel roll, the web will shrink in the machine-direction. Experiments on a pilot machine showed an increase in the compacting effect with increasing nip pressure and speed difference, though with certain limitations. When considering nip width and peripheral speed difference as primary variables, however, linear relationships with the paper properties were found. The nip width will vary with the nip pressure and rubber thickness and hardness. The mechanism of double-roll compacting is considered to involve tangential forces, which move the rubber towards the back side of the nip, where it contracts, thereby shrinking the web. The structure of the resulting extensible paper was examined by photo micrographs of surface and cross-sections, by measuring the thickness changes on stretching and by load elongation measurements. The fibres appear curved after the compacting operation. This will result in the breaking of bonds when stretching the paper and in an ultimate breaking load lower than for flat kraft. The total rupture energy, however, is considerably higher. An apparent increase in the rubber roll diameter on increasing nip pressure was observed. This will cause a decrease in the mean speed difference at the nip. At a limited set speed difference, the rubber roll was found to change from being driven to be driving on increasing the nip pressure. In an appendix, the nip width and the slip have been treated theoretically as well as experimentally.
Effect of Drying on the Flexural Rigidity of Single Fibres
Authors:   University of California, Forest Products Laboratory, Richmond, California, U.S.A., Schniewind A. P. , Ifju G. ,   University of California, Forest Products Laboratory, Richmond, California, U.S.A., Brink D. L. ,   University of California, Forest Products Laboratory, Richmond, California, U.S.A.
Published: February 2024

The importance of fibre flexibility to the consolidation of the paper web and to sheet formation has long been recognised and a number of methods have been developed to measure fibre stiffness.(1 -4) The fundamental resistance of fibres to flexural deformations is given by the flexural rigidity EI, the product of modulus of elasticity and moment of inertia. The methods of Seborg & Simmonds (1) and Forgacs et al.(2) do not yield flexural rigidity values, that of Nethercut (3) requires fibres of 7-8 mm length and is therefore unsuitable for wood fibres; only the method of Samuelsson(4) has been successful in providing a quantitative measure of flexural rigidity. Duncker et al. (in the paper presented at this symposium) have used the Samuelsson method in studying the effect of drying on the flexural rigidity of fibres. It is the purpose of this contribution to describe a new method for measuring the flexural rigidity of fibres and to present some data on the effect of drying on flexural rigidity.
Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik, Linnéuniversitetet
Authors:   Paris School of Economics, France, Grenet Julien , Grönqvist Hans ,   Linnaeus University, School of Business and Economics, Department of Economics and Statistics, Niknami Susan ,   Stockholm University, Sweden
Published: February 2024

Electronic monitoring (EM) has emerged as a popular tool for curbing the growth of large prison populations. Evidence on the causal effects of EM on criminal recidivism is, however, limited and it is unclear how this alternative to incarceration affects the labor supply of offenders and the outcomes of their family members. We study the country wide expansion of EM in Sweden in 1997 where in offenders sentenced to up to three months in prison were granted the option to substitute incarceration with EM. Our difference-in-differences estimates, which compare the change in the prison inflow rate of treated offenders to that of non-treated offenders with slightly longer sentences, show that the reform significantly decreased the number of incarcerations. Our main finding is that EM not only lowers criminal recidivism but also increases labor supply. Additionally, EM improves the educational attainment and early-life earnings of the children whose parents were exposed to the reform. The primary mechanisms through which EM operates appear to involve the preservation of offenders’ ties to the labor market, by reducing the barriers to both finding a job and changing employers. Our calculations suggest that the social benefits stemming from EM are about seven times larger than the fiscal savings associated with reduced prison expenditures, implying that the welfare gains from EM could be much greater than previously acknowledged.
Bankacılık sektöründe dijitalleşme düzeyinin dijital bankacilik uygulamalarına etkisi
Authors: Bilcan Tuğba , Dilbaz Alacahan Nur
Published: February 2024

Bankacılık sektörü sürekli gelişmekte ve değişmektedir. Her gün farklı değişimlerin devam ettiği bu sektör aynı zamanda gelişen teknolojiler ile birleşerek dijitalleşme üzerine birçok yenilik ortaya koymaktadır. Türkiye’deki bireylerin bu konudaki bilgi düzeyinin ve dijitalleşen bankanın yenilikleri konusunda kullanım düzeylerinin ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada bu konudaki dijital dönüşümde gelişen yenlikleri ortaya koyarak banka sektörüne katkı sağlamaya yönelik olacaktır. Çalışmanın amacı günümüzde hızla değişen teknoloji sayesinde banka sektöründe dijitalleşmenin önemini anlatmaktır. Türkiye’de dijital bankacılığın yenilikleri incelenerek mevcut durumları ortaya konulduktan sonra dijitalleşmenin müşteriler üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılmasına çalışılmıştır. Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmalar arasında dijitalleşen bankaların tespiti açısından öncül çalışmalardan biridir. Nicel araştırma online ortamda gerçekleştirilmiş olup, ankete katılan internete erişimi olan, bilgisayar yada akıllı cep telefonu kullanan kişilerle sınırlıdır. Nicel araştırma kullanılan “Bilgi Düzeyi ve Güven Derecesi Anket Formu”ile s ınırlıdır.
Çalışmada Türkiye’de bireylerin yaş ortalamasına, cinsiyetine, eğitim durumlarına göre dijital bankacılığı kullanımlarına bakılmıştır. Bağımsız değişkeni dijital bankacılık kullanımıdır. Bağımlı değişken ise Türkiye’de bireylerin yaş ortalaması, cinsiyet ve eğitim durumlarına göre kullanım oranlarının farklılık göstermesidir. 301 kişiye anket çalışması yapılarak bireylerin yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim vb. birçok yönü ile dijital bankacılık kullanım düzeylerine bakılmıştır. Bireyler çoğunluk olarak mobil bankacılık uygulamasını kullanmaktadır. Banka tercihlerine bakıldığında Ziraat ve Garanti bankasını kullanım yoğunluğu fazladır. Bulguların sonuncundabireylerin para  transferi, ödemeler vb birçok işlemi dijital banka üzerinden gerçekleştirmiştir. Banka uygulamalarını 4-7 yıldır kullanım oranı daha da artmaktadır. Bireyler bu yıllar bandında dijital bankacılığa yoğunlaşmışladır. Banka uygulamalarını kullanırken güvenli şekilde işlemlerini yapmalarını istemektedirler. Kullanımının kolay olması dijital bankacılık tercihini artırmaktadır. Kullanım sıklıklarına bakıldığında nerdeyse %45,5 her gün kullanmaktadır. Bu işlemler çoğunlukla öğleden sonra tercih edilmektedir. Kullandıkları uygulamaları %95 çevresine önermektedir.
Bireylerin % 80,4’ü bankacılık sektöründe yeni değişikler ile yeni kariyer planlaması yapılacağını düşünmektedir. Dijital bankacılığın bireylerin %82,4’ü yeni iş yükü getirmeyeceğini düşünmektedir. Bireylerin %86,5 dijital bankacılık konusunda yeterli eğitime sahiptir. Bireylerin %87,9’u bankalar arasında rekabetin olacağını düşünmektedir. %89,33’ü yeni meslek gruplarının oluşacağını düşünmektedir. Bu durumda yeni modeller ortaya çıkacaktır. Tam olarak güven konusu aşılamaktadır.