bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hybrid optoelectronic Mott insulator
Authors: Navarro H. , del Valle J. , Kalcheim Y. , Vargas N. M. , Adda C. , Lee M.-H. , Lapa P. , Rivera-Calzada A. , Zaluzhnyy I. A. , Qiu E. , Shpyrko O. , Rozenberg M. , Frano A. , Schuller Ivan K.
Published: April 2021

The coupling of electronic degrees of freedom in materials to create “hybridized functionalities” is a holy grail of modern condensed matter physics that may produce versatile mechanisms of control. Correlated electron systems often exhibit coupled degrees of freedom with a high degree of tunability which sometimes lead to hybridized functionalities based on external stimuli. However, the mechanisms of tunability and the sensitivity to external stimuli are determined by intrinsic material properties which are not always controllable. A Mott metal-insulator transition (MIT) is technologically attractive due to the large changes in resistance, tunable by doping, strain, electric fields, and orbital occupancy but not, in and of itself, controllable with light. Here, an alternate approach is presented to produce optical functionalities using a properly engineered photoconductor/strongly correlated hybrid heterostructure. This approach combines a photoconductor, which does not exhibit an MIT, with a strongly correlated oxide, which is not photoconducting. Due to the intimate proximity between the two materials, the heterostructure exhibits giant volatile and nonvolatile, photoinduced resistivity changes with substantial shifts in the MIT transition temperatures. This approach can be extended to other judicious combinations of strongly correlated materials.
Deformation characteristics of droplet generated by Rayleigh jet breakup
Authors: Hu Liang , She Lei , Fang Yanshen , Su Rui , Fu Xin
Published: April 2021

This article investigated the effects of driving and jet parameters on the deformation characteristics of the droplet generated by a Rayleigh jet breakup for the first time. The deformation characteristics of the droplet include its oscillation amplitude and oscillation period. The driving parameters are the dimensionless wavenumber and the initial amplitude of the perturbation. The jet parameters are non-dimensionalized as the Ohnesorge number. The non-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations were numerically solved to simulate the spatial instability of the jet breakup and obtain the complete oscillation process of the droplet. An equivalent oscillation amplitude was formulated based on the hydrodynamic similarity principle and energy method to explain the source of the oscillation of the droplet. The dependence of the oscillation amplitude was explained for the first time by analyzing the growth of the various harmonics of the perturbation derived from the Fourier expansion of axial velocity distribution. The results show that the higher harmonics caused by the non-linearity of the jet breakup have a certain influence on the dependence of the oscillation amplitude. The dependence of the oscillation period was formulated according to the linear solution of the problem of oscillating droplets.
Prediction of dry matter intake by feedlot beef cattle under tropical conditions
Authors: da Silva H. M. , Donadia A. B. , Moreno L.F. , de Oliveira A.S. , Moraes E. H. B. K. , Moraes K. A. K.
Published: April 2021

Context Dry matter intake (DMI) is the variable that most affects beef cattle performance in feedlot conditions. Accurate prediction of DMI is essential because it is the basis for calculating nutritional requirements for maintenance and production. Aims A meta-analysis was conducted to develop DMI prediction models for feedlot beef cattle under tropical conditions, and to compare the models with those proposed by the National Research Council, USA, in 2000 and 2016, as well as those recommended by the Brazilian System of Nutritional Requirements (BR-Corte) and published by Azevêdo and colleagues in 2010 and 2016. Methods The dataset was created from 56 published studies conducted under tropical conditions. The dataset was randomly separated into two subsets for statistical analysis. The first subset was used to develop the models to predict DMI, and the second to evaluate the adequacy of the prediction models. The models were developed by using mixed linear and nonlinear analysis. Key results A nonlinear model and a linear model to predict DMI are proposed. These models were similar in terms of accuracy and were superior to the other evaluated models. The nonlinear and linear models explained, respectively, 59% and 62% of the DMI variation and had greater accuracy and precision than the other models. The 2016 model used by BR-Corte explained 55% of the DMI variation, and underestimated it at 0.20 kg/day. The remaining three models presented a systematic constant bias and were not adequate for predicting DMI. Conclusion The proposed nonlinear and linear prediction models of beef cattle in feedlot developed under tropical conditions are more precise and accurate than those recommended by the National Research Council and the 2010 model used by BR-Corte. They also present better prediction quality of DMI from beef cattle in feedlots under tropical conditions than the 2016 model used by BR-Corte. Implications The proposed models in the present study are the most suitable for use in predicting the DMI of beef cattle under tropical conditions.
Indigenisation of conservation education in New Zealand
Authors: Reihana Kiri R. , Wehi Priscilla M. , Harcourt Nichola , Booth Pam , Murray Joanne M. , Pomare-Pieta Mina
Published: April 2021

Indigenous Māori youth struggle to connect with science delivered in a Eurocentric model of education in Aotearoa, New Zealand. In transforming conservation biology through Indigenous perspectives, we asked whether Māori knowledge-based resources and traditional schooling (wānanga) methodologies increased the connection of Māori youth (rangatahi) to conservation science. We collaborated with a Māori environmental science body to run a culturally based environmental program (noho taiao) attended by 70 youth from three Māori-centric schools. We undertook surveys to assess baseline scientific understanding and to gauge how their understanding of the Māori-based conservation principles we introduced shifted over the course of the program. We developed a bilingual gaming app to introduce basic environmental concepts from both cultural perspectives, measuring its impact on knowledge retention for these students, and others at a Eurocentric school. Indigenous contexts for conservation learning markedly increased uptake of knowledge content, and enthusiasm for conservation concepts. After the program, Māori students reported that science was more accessible and relevant. Gaming as an educational medium was successful in engaging youth generally, but students primed by experiential learning from Indigenous perspectives had increased knowledge gained. Enabling rangatahi to explore place-based learning within a relevant cultural context allowed them to understand their duty of care to the environment (te taiao). Utilising Māori engagement mediums and mentors that resonate with youth are key to encouraging more Māori youth into conservation science. Therefore, empowering youth to draw from Indigenous ways of knowing, being and doing can create a step-change in science participation and leadership.
Identification of a micropeptide and multiple secondary cell genes that modulate
Drosophila
male reproductive success
Authors: Immarigeon Clément , Frei Yohan , Delbare Sofie Y. N. , Gligorov Dragan , Machado Almeida Pedro , Grey Jasmine , Fabbro Léa , Nagoshi Emi , Billeter Jean-Christophe , Wolfner Mariana F. , Karch François , Maeda Robert K.
Published: April 2021

Significance

In many species, mating induces physiological changes in the female that increase the reproductive success of the mating pair. The postmating response (PMR) is caused by male seminal fluid proteins interacting with the female reproductive system. Because of the importance of the PMR in many insect species relevant to human health and agriculture, we examined the gene expression profile of one important cell type of the gland that produces most of the seminal fluid proteins in
Drosophila.
Interestingly, among proteins necessary for the PMR in this species, we discovered that a micropeptide encoded by a supposedly noncoding transcript is produced and carries out important reproductive functions. Such micropeptides were previously unrecognized but are emerging as important actors in complex biological processes.
Global warming is causing a more pronounced dip in marine species richness around the equator
Authors: Chaudhary Chhaya , Richardson Anthony J. , Schoeman David S. , Costello Mark J.
Published: April 2021

Significance

We use distribution data on 48,661 species to show that marine biodiversity has been responding to climate warming at a global scale. We show that marine species richness levels off or declines in latitudinal bands with average annual sea surface temperatures exceeding 20 °C. This results in a dip in species richness around the equator that has become more pronounced as the climate has warmed, especially for pelagic species. Previous studies have either only predicted such effects or have provided data at regional scales or for limited numbers of taxa.
Structural basis for GTP-induced dimerization and antiviral function of guanylate-binding proteins
Authors: Cui Wen , Braun Elisabeth , Wang Wei , Tang Jinhong , Zheng Yanyan , Slater Benjamin , Li Na , Chen Cheng , Liu Qingxiang , Wang Bin , Li Xiu , Duan Yinkai , Xiao Yunjie , Ti Ruijiao , Hotter Dominik , Ji Xiaoyun , Zhang Lei , Cui Jun , Xiong Yong , Sauter Daniel , Wang Zefang , Kirchhoff Frank , Yang Haitao
Published: April 2021

Significance

Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) belong to interferon-inducible GTPases and mediate a broad spectrum of innate immune responses against various pathogens. Their protective functions require oligomerization induced by nucleotide binding and/or catalysis, but the actual molecular mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we report the crystal structures of human GBP5 (hGBP5) in both its nucleotide-free state and nucleotide-bound state, as well as nucleotide-free human GBP2 (hGBP2). We show that hGBP5 forms a closed face-to-face dimer upon GTP loading. This closed conformation is crucial to its anti–HIV-1 activity. Furthermore, with hGBP2 structure and SAXS validation, we propose a plausible working model for GTP-induced assembly of GBPs. Our findings lay the foundation to better understand the molecular mechanisms of GBPs and their immune functions.
Conditional destabilization of the TPLATE complex impairs endocytic internalization
Authors: Wang Jie , Yperman Klaas , Grones Peter , Jiang Qihang , Dragwidge Jonathan , Mylle Evelien , Mor Eliana , Nolf Jonah , Eeckhout Dominique , De Jaeger Geert , De Rybel Bert , Pleskot Roman , Van Damme Daniel
Published: April 2021

Significance

Endocytosis controls the proteome and lipidome of the plasma membrane and therefore the communication between the cell and the outside world. Because of its importance, many attempts have been made to develop tools to interfere with this process. These include genetic approaches and small chemicals. Thus far, however, the tools developed to modulate plant endocytosis either lack specificity, are irreversible, or require several days to produce an effect. Here, we generated a conditional and reversible tool to specifically interfere with endocytosis. Short-term heat treatment destabilizes an engineered adaptor complex subunit, which abolishes the function of the endocytic TPLATE complex. This causes accumulation of endocytic cargoes at the plasma membrane and provides a genetic background for future research.
Geographic variations in rheumatoid arthritis treatment in Japan: A nationwide retrospective study using the national database of health insurance claims and specific health checkups of Japan
Authors: Nakajima Ayako , Sakai Ryoko , Inoue Eisuke , Harigai Masayoshi
Published: April 2021

Objectives

To characterize the treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) among institution types and prefectures in Japan.

Methods

Using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan in the 2017 fiscal year, we investigated disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) and oral corticosteroid prescription trends across 825 thousand RA patients. These data were compared between specialized and non-specialized institutions and by prefecture. RA specialized institutions (SIs) were defined as either institutions registered in the rheumatology training program at the Japan College of Rheumatology or institutions where board-certified rheumatologists were employed.

Results

The overall percentage of patients who never visited an SI was 31.8% and increased with age (16–29 years old = 15.6%; ≥80 years = 42.8%). In twelve prefectures (25.5%), the proportions of patients who never visited an SI were at least 10% higher than the overall average. The proportions of patients who only visited SIs and were prescribed methotrexate and biological DMARDs were ranged from 51.9–72.9% and 19.5–33.2%, respectively. However, those of patients who had never visited an SI and were prescribed those medications were 44.0–71.6% and 7.2–28.0%, respectively.

Conclusions

This is the first study evaluating the trends in RA treatments by prefecture and institution specialty by using the NDB Japan. Opportunities of patients with RA for visiting SI was unevenly distributed in Japan, affecting some aspects of treatment provided.
miR-146 connects stem cell identity with metabolism and pharmacological resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Tordonato Chiara , Marzi Matteo Jacopo , Giangreco Giovanni , Freddi Stefano , Bonetti Paola , Tosoni Daniela , Di Fiore Pier Paolo , Nicassio Francesco
Published: April 2021

Although ectopic overexpression of miRNAs can influence mammary normal and cancer stem cells (SCs/CSCs), their physiological relevance remains uncertain. Here, we show that miR-146 is relevant for SC/CSC activity. MiR-146a/b expression is high in SCs/CSCs from human/mouse primary mammary tissues, correlates with the basal-like breast cancer subtype, which typically has a high CSC content, and specifically distinguishes cells with SC/CSC identity. Loss of miR-146 reduces SC/CSC self-renewal in vitro and compromises patient-derived xenograft tumor growth in vivo, decreasing the number of tumor-initiating cells, thus supporting its pro-oncogenic function. Transcriptional analysis in mammary SC-like cells revealed that miR-146 has pleiotropic effects, reducing adaptive response mechanisms and activating the exit from quiescent state, through a complex network of finely regulated miRNA targets related to quiescence, transcription, and one-carbon pool metabolism. Consistent with these findings, SCs/CSCs display innate resistance to anti-folate chemotherapies either in vitro or in vivo that can be reversed by miR-146 depletion, unmasking a “hidden vulnerability” exploitable for the development of anti-CSC therapies.
Anomalous bond-length behaviors of solid halogens under pressure*
Authors: Wu Min , Wu Ye-Feng , Ma Yi
Published: April 2021

The three halogen solids (Cl2, Br2, and I2) have the isostructural diatomic molecular phase I with a space group of Cmca at ambient pressure. At high pressure, they all go through an intermediate phase V with incommensurate structures before eventually dissociating into the monatomic phase II. However, a new structural transition between phase I and V with anomalous bond-length behavior was observed in bromine under pressure, which, so far, has not been confirmed in iodine and chlorine. Here, we perform first-principles calculations for iodine and chlorine. The new structural transition was predicted to be common to all three halogens under pressure. The transition pressures might be systematically underestimated by the imperfect van der Waals correction method, but they follow the order Cl2 > Br2 > I2, which is consistent with other pressure-induced structural transitions such as metallization and the molecular-to-monatomic transition.
Euler Method on Simple Pendulum Motion to Develop Stochastic Oscillator Indicator for Analyzing the USD Non-Farm Payroll Data Volatility
Authors: Mashuda A B
Published: April 2021

In recent years, enthusiasts from physicists have tried to understand the concepts of economic systems and physical methods that have been applied to financial time series studies. The phenomenon of fluctuations in the world economy is an interesting matter to be studied more deeply by tracing the causal factors of positive and negative sentiments due to Interest Rate Decision and Non-Farm Payroll. In this study tracing these fluctuations with “Market Bomb Prevention on NFP Using the Stochastic Oscillator Combined Indicator, Numeric Oscillator with Euler method and momentum on USDX”. Based on analysis of NFP fundamental and technical data December 2018, February-March 2019, you should sell about 15 minutes after opening. In January 2019 there was an anomaly in technical data, and fundamentally it was also not supportive to advise not to make transactions. NFP data in February 2019, you should buy at 09.00 because based on the results of fundamental and technical analysis supports this. In March 2019, you should buy at 11.00.
Optimization of Sonication Time and Surfactant Concentration for Chitosan-alginate Coated Ketoprofen Nanoencapsulation
Authors: Widyastama G , Kurniati M
Published: April 2021

Ketoprofen nanoparticles can be used to make a controlled ketoprofen delivery system. The material composition and method of making nanoparticles used had an effect on the formation of ketoprofen nanoparticles. This study aims to obtain the optimized results of each response responses by varying the sonication time, alginate concentration, and concentration of tween 80 and characterizing the ketoprofen encapsulation efficiency, nanoparticle size, and homogeneity level. Ketoprofen nanoparticles are made by ultrasonication method. The encapsulation efficiency of ketoprofen was evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometry analysis, while the size of the nanoparticles were evaluated using particle size analyzer (PSA). The optimum condition of the response was predicted at sonicaton time of 18.41 minutes with alginate and tween 80 concentrations of 1% (w/v) and 3% (v/v) respectively. The optimized results of each response is predicted to be around 21,412 ± 8.78% for encapsulation efficiency, particle size around 650,056 ± 284.47 nm, and homogeneity level (PdI) around 0.623 ± 0.10. The resulting equation can be used to determine the optimum value of encapsulation efficiency and particle size in the sonication time range 10 – 30 minutes, the concentration of alginate 0.2 – 1%, and the concentration of tween 801 – 3%.
Solving Vertical Body Motion with Quadratic Resistance using Closed-form Solution for Ricatti Differential Equation of Constant Coefficients based on Discriminant Criteria
Authors: Rohedi A Y
Published: April 2021

One of problem in mechanics is vertical body motion in upward and downward direction due to gravitational and resistance forces. In this paper, we are interested to analyse the effect of quadratic resistance force respect to the instantaneouly velocity and position of the body. The equation of the vertical body motion affected by gravitational and quadratic resistance forces derived using the second Newton law generally in the form of Riccati differential equation of constant coefficients. Therefore we need a method for solving the mathematics model. For the purpose we introduce a closed form solution for Riccati differential equation of constant coeficients based on discriminant criteria that can be used to solve the analytic model of vertical body motion by simple manner.
Using Toulmin’s Argument Pattern Approach to Identify Infodemics in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Admoko S , Suprapto N , Suliyanah  , Deta U A , Achmadi H R , Hariyono E , Madlazim
Published: April 2021

The emergence of various web pages and social media platforms that exist in today’s digital information era makes it easy for us to access various sources of information and makes us flooded with information. This condition has the potential to result in the loss of our mental health. This is known by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an infodemic which is an excessive amount of information, both true and false, which makes it very difficult for people to find reliable news about the coronavirus, and has increased the spread of fake news, conspiracy theories, worldwide panic and confusion. WHO and all the governments of each country in the world have also carried out various efforts to break the chain of spreading fake news. But the spread of fake news around the world is faster than there is any control over it. Therefore, we need an awareness of each individual in order to equip themselves with the knowledge and skills in identifying fake news. Physics as a branch of science discipline cannot be separated from this fake news. One example of fake news about physics related to Covid-19 is the statement that the thermo gun used to measure body temperature is dangerous to human health because of its laser beam radiation. One alternative way that can be used to evaluate the truth of the news is by assessing the strength of the news argumentation. Toulmin’s argument pattern has been widely applied to analyze the quality of an argument, which can be applied in evaluating the truth of a received news content. This paper aims to provide an alternative in identifying the “infodemic” in the Covid-19 Pandemic era in evaluating the correctness of information by applying the Toulmin Argument Pattern. This argumentation pattern distinguishes three fundamental components and three additional components of a coherent argumentative discourse. The main framework of this pattern in analyzing arguments consists of three main components: claim, data, and warrant. Where data provides the basis for determining claims, warrant acts as a logical reasoning bridge that connects data and claims. Three additional components can be added to construct a more complex pattern for analyzing arguments: backings, qualifiers, and rebuttals. Where backing is the part that provides additional evidence to strengthen the warrant, Qualifiers indicate the strength provided by the warrant in relating data to claims, while rebuttals indicate circumstances where the warrant in this condition is no longer valid so that the claim can be rejected.
Identification of Slip Distribution Mw 8.1 Biak Earthquake on February 17, 1996
Authors: Arimuko A , Ariyanto P , Gustono S T , Suardi I
Published: April 2021

On February 17, 1996, at 05:59:30 UTC there was an Mw 8.1 earthquake. Besides, it caused a tsunami. This event occurred in the northern part of the Cendrawasih Bay, where the New Guinea Thrust segment had a relatively low average slip velocity. To obtain a finite fault, waveforms from a tele-station located 30-90 degrees are used. The far-field body wave equation is used and inverted by the Kikuchi-Kanamori algorithm. In addition to obtaining source parameters, this study also aims to determine the value of the rupture velocity that occurs during coseismic events. From this research was found that the rupture velocity (vr) was 2.5 km/s, which occurred at a depth of 13.7 km. The largest value of vector slip is 2.31 m, with an average slip value of 0.922 m. The dimension area of the fault has a size of 272 km × 110 km. The seismic moment obtained is 1.5 × 1021 Nm, which is equivalent to Mw 8.1. This study also found a variance of 0.2844 in the use of the P and SH wave components, which is the smallest variance from the use of the P, P and SH, and SH components in the Kikuchi-Kanamori Program.
Simulation of Knee Joint Angle Estimation from EMG Signal for Post ACL Reconstruction Surgical Rehabilitation
Authors: Zuchruf Y M , Asmaria T , Rulaningtyas R , Rahmatillah A , Kartika I , Rochman N T
Published: April 2021

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the most common and severe sports injuries among the athletes caused by trauma. The standard treatment for ACL rupture patients is Reconstruction Anterior Cruciate Ligament (RACL) surgery, followed by rehabilitation lasting six to nine months. Consistent post-RACL medical rehabilitation can restore normal knee function. In this study, proposes a real-time simulation of knee joint angle estimation from electromyogram (EMG) signals for medical rehabilitation of RACL patients. Which is the continuation of this program is to be able to create an exoskeleton to increase the consistency and quality of medical rehabilitation of RACL patients. The method used to make this simulation is using LabVIEW software to simultaneous data collection between the EMG signal from the bicep femoralis muscle and the knee angle. The simultaneous data is processed using a Monte Carlo calculation to estimate the knee angle from the EMG signals. The LabVIEW simulation shows that the knee angle’s estimate was close enough to the measured knee angle and had a small time delay. It can be concluded that simulation of knee angle estimation from the EMG signal produces a good simulation and can be developed to the exoskeleton.
Using Quizizz to Develop an Assessment of Physics Learning: An Alternative Way for Physics Learning Assessment in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Hikmah N , Putri N A , Nisa’ K , Jauhariyah M N R
Published: April 2021

Covid-19 has changed the learning system into Study From Home (SFH). The changes of this learning system make an assessment also doing online. Use of online assessment platform also being develops. Quizizz is one of them. It is crucial to use it in pandemic era like now. This study aims to develop an assessment of physics learning design using quizizz. This research is development research. The development model used ADDIE Models. The instrument was used questionnaire and test using quizizz. The results showed that the process development of the assessment has followed the five steps in ADDIE model such as analyze by doing needs assessment, design an assessment, development, implementation by doing trial run to students of senior high school who have received straight motion material previously, and the last step is evaluation by doing an evaluation in every process of developing an assessment of physics learning design using quizizz. The results showed that the design of physics learning assessment using quizizz is proper to use. The implementation of assessment using quizizz was effective in measuring student-learning outcomes during in pandemic era. It can be seen from the score of classical student passing percentage (p ) which has a value of 72.7 % with an academic completeness assessment criteria is good. It implies that an assessment of physics learning using quizizz can be applied to other subjects.
The Validity of Electronic Practicum Module Based on Scientific Argumentation for Practicum Media During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dinata P A C , Rasidah  , Wardhana V W
Published: April 2021

The process of learning to teach face-to-face was transformed into online learning and self-assignment during the Covid-19 pandemic. Not all learning materials can be resolved by online assignments or lectures, especially learning involving scientific processes and practicum activities. Also, the analysis of various student practicum reports shows the lack of students’ ability to analyze data based on the appropriate theory. Therefore, this research aims to develop an electronic practicum module based on scientific argumentation that can be used by students as a practicum media in the Covid-19 pandemic. The type of research used is development research with ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) models. The developed electronic practicum module has been validated with expert judgment by five experts through validation questionnaires. Validation poll results are then changed with a five-scale score conversion based on the ideal standard deviation to determine the product validation criteria. The calculation results show that the product is in an outstanding category and ready to be tested. Furthermore, trial activities will be conducted to determine the practicality and effectivity of product intervention on the students’ scientific arguments ability.
Analysis of physics questions based on HOTS criteria: the result of physics teacher training
Authors: Jauhariyah M N R , Sunarti T , Wasis  , Supardiyono  , Setyarsih W , Zainuddin A
Published: April 2021

In the 21st century, higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) is a must-have for everyone. Teachers should train HOTS in learning physics. In the assessment of physics learning, every teacher must make a measuring instrument to measure the student’s ability in the form of physics questions. HOTS-based physics questions are needed to measure the student’s HOTS ability. Therefore, training was conducted for physics teachers in Mojokerto in August 2019 to make HOTS-based physics questions. This study aimed to analyze physics questions produced by the training participants based on HOTS-based question criteria. The method of this study used qualitative descriptive analysis. Physics questions from the results of physics teacher training analyzed one by one based on the HOTS criteria. The results show that most of the items produced had not presented contextual stimulation so that students had started to think at a higher level when reading the question stem given. Most of the problems are numerical solutions. It does not rule out that HOTS questions do not require numerical calculation but rather reasoning based on the physics concept that has been studied by students.
Analysis of Cantaloupe Fruit Maturity Based on Fruit Skin Color Using Naive Bayes Classifier
Authors: Bustomi M A , Asy’ari M F
Published: April 2021

The traditional sorting of fruit maturity can be done by seeing the color of the fruit’s skin. Manual sorting will take a long time and the results are subjective. This paper presents the results of maturing cantaloupe fruit based on the color of the fruit skin using a digital image of the fruit skin. The research objective is to classify the maturity of cantaloupe fruit using the Naive Bayes Classifier method and compare the results with similar studies using the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) Artificial Neural Network method. This study used the image of a raw and mature cantaloupe rind of 15 images each. A total of 16 images are grouped into training data for the training process and 14 other images are grouped into test data for the testing process. The results showed that the accuracy of training and testing using the Naive Bayes Classifier method was 68.75% and 57.14%, respectively. The accuracy of the training and testing of the Naive Bayes Classifier method turns out to be lower compared to the LVQ Artificial Neural Network method.
Study of Parameters Estimation of the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Model with The Incretin Effects using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Kartono A , Restu A A , Wahyudi S T , Setiawan A A , Irmansyah  , Sumaryada T
Published: April 2021

This study used the coupled ordinary differential equations to model the phenomenon of the results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This research has two main challenges, such as (1) implementing the OGTT model with incretin effect and (2) estimating the present model parameters. Both challenges often make calculations difficult. The OGTT equations are formed by the coupled ordinary differential equations to describe the behaviour of the glucose-insulin dynamic system in the body. While the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used as a tool to obtain parameter estimates of the ordinary differential equations effectively. This research proves that the PSO algorithm that has been applied to calculate the parameters is a simple and efficient method for the OGTT model with the incretin effect. The PSO algorithm is proven to be accurate, its accuracy is indicated by the R
2 value. The R
2 value of all simulations proved to be above 90%.
Study of Parameters Estimation of The Three-Compartment Pharmacokinetic Model using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Kartono A , Anggraini D , Wahyudi S T , Setiawan A A , Irmansyah
Published: April 2021

The accuracy of the numerical solution of the three-compartment pharmacokinetic model is generally related to the rate parameter. Therefore, in this research, the numerical solution will be applied to the pharmacokinetic model which is shaped by the nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations. Then the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm which used random numbers is used to estimate the parameters of the pharmacokinetic model. The accuracy of the estimation parameters can be predicted using the experimental data of the drug absorption concentration by using the shape suitability of the curve. Based on these study results, the PSO algorithm is very simple but provides accurate parameter estimates for predicting drug concentrations in the central compartment over the entire time span after oral drug administration. This numerical method has been tried in experimental literature data for the drug atenolol. The prediction accuracy of the drug absorption indicates that the R
2 value of all numerical results has reached above 90 %.
A Preliminary Study of Environmental Learning to Improve Students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills in Physics
Authors: Lestari N A , Ambarsari R , Prahani B K , Jauhariyah M N R , Yantidewi M , Deta U A
Published: April 2021

This research is a preliminary study to determine students’ initial knowledge of applying physics material in the environment. Environmentally oriented physics learning is essential to do, especially in the process of developing students’ higher-order thinking skills which include problem-solving skills, critical thinking skills, creative thinking skills, and metacognitive abilities. The research was conducted using a survey method on 115 students in several schools in Nganjuk, East Java. The research data includes the selection of physics material that can show a relationship with environment-based learning and the types of high-order thinking skills of students which will be further developed through subsequent research. The results showed that students considered the thermodynamics material as closely related to interactions with the environment. Also, there are materials on Global Warming and Temperature and Heat. Simultaneously, the high-order thinking skills that are expected to be developed in environment-based physics learning are critical thinking skills and problem-solving abilities.
Literature Review on The Use of Educational Physics Games in Improving Learning Outcomes
Authors: Suliyanah  , Deta U A , Kurniawan F K , Lestari N A , Yantidewi M , Jauhariyah M N R , Prahani B K
Published: April 2021

The rapid technological advances in the 21st century have a great influence on the education sector, especially in the use of learning media that utilizes technology. One way to improve student learning outcomes is through appropriate and exciting learning media using educational physics games. This research aims to observe the effectiveness of using educational physics games in enhancing student learning outcomes. The method of this research is by reviewing the literature and journals as many as twenty journals that can be accounted for and related to physics games and improve learning outcomes. The research is analyzed by qualitative descriptive analysis through the literature study. The results indicate that there are some of the educational physics games using are categorized as not good in improving student learning outcomes. In learning media based on educational physics games, especially “board games and cards” has a high level of effectiveness based on increasing student learning outcomes. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the learning media has an important role, so that the games can be developed into Android-based game models, and students can access it to learn.
Analysis of Students’ Scientific Literacy Skills and The Relationship with Critical Thinking Skills on Global Warming Materials
Authors: Lestari D , Setyarsih W
Published: April 2021

This study aims to analyze the scientific literacy skills and critical thinking skills profile of high school students and their relation based on the gender on global warming materials. The research used a qualitative descriptive with the subject of research is 100 senior high school students, consisting of 48 male students and 52 female students. Student’s literacy scientific and critical thinking skills are measured by 16 of the descriptions questions about global warming issues which are valid and reliable with online data collection techniques. The results show that: a) male student’s scientific literacy skills profile are 4% higher than female students, b) there is no significant difference between the profiles of male and female student’s critical thinking skills, c) the lowest percentage indicator of scientific literacy skills of male and female students is interpreting evidence and data scientifically by 75% and 71%, while the highest indicator is explained phenomena scientifically at 83% and 78%, d) the lowest percentage indicators of critical thinking skills of male and female students is evaluated and assess by 36% and 38%, while the highest indicator is to make conclusions by 42% and 45% and e) based on correlation analysis, there is a significant positive relationship between scientific literacy skills and critical thinking skills with perfect criteria ranged from 0.81 - 1.00.
Biomechanical Simulation of Sugita Aneurysm Clip: Reverse Engineering Approach using Metal 3D-Printing
Authors: Asmaria T , Zuchruf Y M , Triwardono J , Rokhmanto F , Erryani A , Lestari F P , Dwijaya M S , Kartika I , Wahjoepramono E J , Pramono A W
Published: April 2021

Aneurysm clips have helped hundred cased for brain abnormalities including the haemorrhagic strokes over the world, including Indonesia. As one of the contributors of a hundred trillion rupiahs for medical devices imports each year, the technology of aneurysm clips is expected to be self-manufactured. However, there is no study if the process can be done in the whole country of Indonesia. This study aims to conduct a preliminary study by using an approach of reverse engineering for the Sugita aneurysm clips as an effort to independently provide domestic medical devices. The methods consist of a 3D scanning process, a 3D printing process, biomechanical simulations, and tension measurements. The clip has been scanned and printed using SS316L and Ti6Al4V. Biomechanical simulations reach 0.054 GPa for the von Misses stress and deformation number of 4.0302E-6 mm. The tension measurement on the 3D-printed clip shows identical range numbers compared to the original clip. The experiment concludes that the acquired Sugita aneurysm clip can be reversed using a 3D metal printing and shows a significant similarity on geometrical analysis.
Unexpected Primary Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma of Bone in Amputation and Arthroplasty Specimens
Authors: Diaz-Perez Julio A , Poveda Julio C , Chapman Jennifer R , Velez-Torres Jaylou M , Vega Francisco , Rosenberg Andrew E
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Amputation due to gangrene and arthroplasty for degenerative joint disease are common orthopedic procedures and are expected to increase as populations age. Histopathologic examination of these specimens can identify unsuspected diseases.

Methods

We reviewed gangrenous amputations and large joint arthroplasty specimens for diagnosis of unexpected lymphoma, January 2014 to January 2020. Pathology and medical records were reviewed to determine diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.

Results

Five cases (0.08%) of unexpected primary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) centered in bone were identified in 1,624 amputations for gangrene and 4,163 arthroplasty specimens. The female-to-male distribution was 3:2. Median age was 71 years (range, 62-87). The 3 cases arising in the setting of gangrene involved the first toe phalanges and metatarsals, and the femoral head was involved in all cases of joint disease (2 cases). The bone showed variable (10%-80%) infiltration by dense populations of small lymphoid cells with MZL immunophenotype. One patient died from sepsis 18.5 months after diagnosis; all others are alive with a median follow-up of 27.45 months.

Conclusions

Histopathologic examination of nonneoplastic orthopedic specimens identifies unexpected primary bone extranodal MZL in a small percentage of cases. This neoplasm may be the result of chronic antigenic stimulation in some circumstances.
Childhood Overweight and Obesity and Pubertal Onset Among Mexican-American Boys and Girls in the CHAMACOS Longitudinal Study
Authors: Deardorff Julianna , Reeves Jonathan W , Hyland Carly , Tilles Sasha , Rauch Stephen , Kogut Katherine , Greenspan Louise C , Shirtcliff Elizabeth , Lustig Robert H , Eskenazi Brenda , Harley Kim
Published: April 2021

Secular trends in earlier initiation of puberty have been observed in recent decades. One risk factor appears to be increases in adiposity, as measured by body mass index. This trend is particularly notable among Latino populations, who have higher rates of overweight/obesity compared with non-Latino White youth. Previous research has focused primarily on White girls, resulting in data gaps regarding male puberty and among potentially high-risk populations. Using data from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, we examined body mass index at age 5 years (2005–2006) and multiple markers of pubertal onset, assessed repeatedly and longitudinally at 7 in-person visits, starting at age 9 and continuing through age 14 (2009–2015), among 336 Mexican Americans in Salinas, California. We observed no associations among boys, but found significantly earlier thelarche in overweight (HR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.7) and obese girls (HR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.4), menarche in overweight girls (HR = 1.6; CI: 1.0, 2.4), and pubarche in obese girls (HR = 1.9; CI: 1.2, 3.0), compared with normal-weight girls. This study examined an understudied population and included key covariates, such as birth weight and early adverse events, which are typically omitted in studies.
Polyadenylation-related isoform switching in human evolution revealed by full-length transcript structure
Authors: Li Yumei , Shen Qing Sunny , Peng Qi , Ding Wanqiu , Zhang Jie , Zhong Xiaoming , An Ni A , Ji Mingjun , Zhou Wei-Zhen , Li Chuan-Yun
Published: April 2021

Rhesus macaque is a unique nonhuman primate model for human evolutionary and translational study, but the error-prone gene models critically limit its applications. Here, we de novo defined full-length macaque gene models based on single molecule, long-read transcriptome sequencing in four macaque tissues (frontal cortex, cerebellum, heart and testis). Overall, 8 588 227 poly(A)-bearing complementary DNA reads with a mean length of 14 106 nt were generated to compile the backbone of macaque transcripts, with the fine-scale structures further refined by RNA sequencing and cap analysis gene expression sequencing data. In total, 51 605 macaque gene models were accurately defined, covering 89.7% of macaque or 75.7% of human orthologous genes. Based on the full-length gene models, we performed a human–macaque comparative analysis on polyadenylation (PA) regulation. Using macaque and mouse as outgroup species, we identified 79 distal PA events newly originated in humans and found that the strengthening of the distal PA sites, rather than the weakening of the proximal sites, predominantly contributes to the origination of these human-specific isoforms. Notably, these isoforms are selectively constrained in general and contribute to the temporospatially specific reduction of gene expression, through the tinkering of previously existed mechanisms of nuclear retention and microRNA (miRNA) regulation. Overall, the protocol and resource highlight the application of bioinformatics in integrating multilayer genomics data to provide an intact reference for model animal studies, and the isoform switching detected may constitute a hitherto underestimated regulatory layer in shaping the human-specific transcriptome and phenotypic changes.
Machine learning builds full-QM precision protein force fields in seconds
Authors: Han Yanqiang , Wang Zhilong , Wei Zhiyun , Liu Jinyun , Li Jinjin
Published: April 2021

Full-quantum mechanics (QM) calculations are extraordinarily precise but difficult to apply to large systems, such as biomolecules. Motivated by the massive demand for efficient calculations for large systems at the full-QM level and by the significant advances in machine learning, we have designed a neural network-based two-body molecular fractionation with conjugate caps (NN-TMFCC) approach to accelerate the energy and atomic force calculations of proteins. The results show very high precision for the proposed NN potential energy surface models of residue-based fragments, with energy root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) less than 1.0 kcal/mol and force RMSEs less than 1.3 kcal/mol/Å for both training and testing sets. The proposed NN-TMFCC method calculates the energies and atomic forces of 15 representative proteins with full-QM precision in 10–100 s, which is thousands of times faster than the full-QM calculations. The computational complexity of the NN-TMFCC method is independent of the protein size and only depends on the number of residue species, which makes this method particularly suitable for rapid prediction of large systems with tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of times acceleration. This highly precise and efficient NN-TMFCC approach exhibits considerable potential for performing energy and force calculations, structure predictions and molecular dynamics simulations of proteins with full-QM precision.