bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Modern Day Asylum: A Mad Studies Informed Approach to Understanding De- Institutionalization, Madness and Chronic Homelessness
Authors: Milaney Katrina , Rankin Joanna , Zaretsky Lisa
Published: March 2022

Background: The impetus behind the deinstitutionalization movement that began in the 1950s was to improve the wellbeing of institutionalized people as well as improve choice and access to inclusive community-based care. However, as large-scale institutions were closed, community- based alternatives were not added to meet the demand. This research looks at the experience of chronic emergency shelter users as an example of the ongoing systemic spatial segregation of people which was previously experienced in asylums. Drawing from some of the key features of Mad Studies, we utilize the experiences of chronic shelter users to posit enhanced approaches and supports to community-based interventions beyond the model of spatial segregation, which we argue is currently employed through direct and indirect measures. Approach: We conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing 300 survey interviews with chronically homeless people in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Data was primarily quantitative but space for some qualitative answers were included. Analysis includes descriptive statistics, correlations, and regressions. Results: Participants reported high rates of trauma and system cycling, which were often inter- generational and starting in childhood. Troubling rates of self-identified “mental illness,” and mental health crises including suicide attempts and self-harm, and very limited success in accessing supports emerged. Results show that shelters and current housing models frequently replicate the segregation, confinements, control and surveillance of the asylums of the past which fail to meet individual needs and desires. Conclusion: Chronic homelessness and subsequent shelter use is the present reality of deinstitutionalization for many. Current attempts to fill gaps in the system of care replicate institutional care in various formats, and have halted progress towards the actualization of deinstitutionalization. Alternative responses require us to challenge the medicalization of homelessness as “mental illness.” Interventions including housing programs must be focused on healing from trauma and include the voices and experiences of lived experts.
Los mapas conceptuales y el aprendizaje significativo en estudiantes de educación primaria
Authors: Maraza-Vilcanqui Beker , Zevallos-Solís Liliam Carola
Published: March 2022

Objetivo. El objetivo de este artículo de investigación fue determinar el nivel de aprendizaje significativo adquirido por estudiantes del tercer grado de Educación Primaria tras la aplicación de mapas conceptuales en el proceso de enseñanza. Metodología. Investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo experimental, con un diseño cuasi-experimental y una muestra de 66 estudiantes que utilizó el pre-test y el post-test como instrumentos de recogida de datos. Análisis de resultados. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron determinar que la mayoría del estudiantado del grupo experimental desarrolló sus capacidades intelectuales, exploró sus conocimientos y finalmente, alcanzó competencias y habilidades en un nivel bueno y significativo. Conclusiones. La aplicación de los mapas conceptuales en el proceso de enseñanza permite al personal docente presentar la información de forma resumida para que el estudiantado capte fácilmente las ideas clave y las recuerde de por vida, contribuyendo así a mejorar el aprendizaje del estudiantado. De ahí que se recomiende su uso desde los primeros años de la escuela.
MEMORIA, CINE E IDENTIDAD EN TORNO AL CONFLICTO PALESTINO-ISRAELÍ: HACIA UNA COMPRENSIÓN HISTÓRICA DEL JUICIO SIVAN VS. FINKIELKRAUT
Authors: Kirjner Joaquín
Published: March 2022

El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en analizar los modos de construir el recuerdo de manera colectiva y de representar el Holocausto y la Nakba en el contexto del conflicto palestino-israelí, atendiendo al fenómeno cinematográfico y el conflicto político e identitario que se desprende de ello. En este sentido, se estudiará el documental Route 181, fragments d’un voyage en Palestine-Israël (Eyal Sivan y Michel Khleifi, 2003) y su intertextualidad con el film Shoah (Claude Lanzmann, 1985), estableciendo los lineamientos teóricos para el análisis de las naciones y la construcción de narrativas y memorias colectivas, y atendiendo a la producción cinematográfica como medio de representación de ese pasado. Principalmente, se ahondará en la polémica desatada a partir del lanzamiento de Route 181, la crítica realizada por Alain Finkielkraut y la disputa llevada a juicio en 2006 por Sivan, ya que se inscribe en las batallas por la memoria y las maneras de construir el pasado en el contexto del conflicto palestino-israelí. Las interpretaciones sobre la película responden a los marcos narrativos de las comunidades nacionales y operan como fuente de análisis para comprender las lógicas de la memoria y pugna nacionales. Para comprender históricamente esta problemática, se analizará el rol que ocupan el Holocausto y la Nakba en las memorias colectivas y la incidencia que tienen en la articulación de argumentos y discursos durante el juicio. La polémica, entonces, funciona como caso específico para analizar dinámicas concretas del conflicto palestino-israelí.
Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) and Degradation of Organic Pollutants by Z-Scheme g-C3N4/Bi2S3 Heterojunction
Authors: Ding Lin , Deng Ying , Liu Xinggang , Liu Lingling , Ding Jingjing , Deng Fang
Published: March 2022

Photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent Cr(VI) couping oxidative degradation of organic contamination is an emerging and practical approach for water treatment. In this study, Z-scheme g-C3N4/Bi2S3 heterojunctions with intimate interface were successfully synthesized by direct growth of Bi2S3 on g-C3N4 surface. Notably, the photocatalytic performance of Z-scheme g-C3N4/Bi2S3 was influenced by g-C3N4 content. The optimized 2% g-C3N4/Bi2S3 heterojunction shows the highest photocatalytic reduction performance with 93.4% reduction efficiency of Cr(VI) under UV-visible light due to efficient separation and transfer of charge carriers and proper band structure. Furthermore, 2% g-C3N4/Bi2S3 can degrade tetracycline and Rhodamine B. Free radical capturing and quantitative tests indicate that holes and superoxide radicals are primary active species for the degradation of organic pollutants, while Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) by the photogenerated electrons. Overall, this study provides new insight into the synthesis of high-performance Z-scheme heterojunctions for the future advancement of photocatalysis technology.
Gaining prowess in the art of hysterectomy, reflections and complications; a teaching hospital experience
Authors: Fram Kamil M , Fram Farah , Fram Rand , Tarawneh Banan , Eid Mahmoud , Dabit Tala , Lahham Juman , Massad Basel , Abdallat Sanad , Chichan Haider , Al-Hadidi Akram , barake Haya , Tarawneh Noor
Published: March 2022

Objective: The purpose of this audit is to analyze the indications, complications, and the final histopathology reports of all hysterectomies done under our care during the study period at Jordan University Hospital. The ultimate goal of the study is to clarify the importance of acquiring brain surgical skills during practice and follow-up. It should be a target present in teaching hospitals that adopt educational residency programs. Methods: This is a retrospective study involving all patients who underwent hysterectomy from January 2017 till January 2020. Results: a total of 245 patients underwent hysterectomy (regardless of the type) during the study period. The most common indication was abnormal vaginal bleeding followed by malignancy. The most common intraoperative complication was bladder injury followed by bleeding. The most common postoperative complication was wound infection followed by hematoma. The most common histopathology was benignly followed by malignancy. Conclusion: hysterectomy is a surgical procedure commonly performed to alleviate health welfare; nevertheless, in some situ, actions it is portrayed as a lifesaving procedure. Unsurprisingly, the significance and consequences of related complications mandate for patients planned for the procedure to be appraised thoroughly and adequately before surgery. The aim and art of refining and improving acquired surgical skills and experience portrayed intraoperatively errors a decline in complications rate. Time and practice aid to the ascending linear curve of gained surgical skills, which mirrors a gradual drop in the complications rate.
Interregional Cooperation and Integration within the Framework of the Union State of Belarus and Russia: Specifics of Integration and Information Support
Authors: Bakhlova Olga V. , Slugina Anastasiya N.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the need to ensure a synergetic effect within the framework of the Union State of Belarus and Russia, to create its positive image as an integration association in internal and external dimensions. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of cooperation between the regions of Russia and Belarus in the context of integration priorities of both countries.

Materials and Methods. The research was based on the traditional study of documents, content analysis, comparative and multilevel analysis. The most important materials are official documents of Russia and Belarus, publications in the media, expert survey data, statistical information on the dynamics of interregional relations in the Union State. All of them together made it possible to concretize the signs of multifaceted communications in the field under consideration, to identify possible ways to improve the integration policy of the member states of the Union State in the face of escalated challenges and threats.

Results. The peculiarities of the approaches of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus to the interpretation of interregional cooperation and integration in the format of the Union State are shown. The positions of the border regions are characterized. The content and orientation of media publications of different levels are analyzed, certain vulnerabilities are highlighted. Insufficient degree of interrelation of strategic orientations of integration and interregional interaction is found. The lack of manifestation of conflicting motives is offset by distancing from substantive coverage and discussion of topical issues, including by regional and local communities.

Discussion and Conclusion. The performed research shows that the tasks of information support of the Union State, organization of “demand for integration”, training of personnel for “integration marketing” at the level of the regions of the two countries and expansion of their communication channels are unsolved. The recommendations made as a result are intended for representatives of state authorities and local self-government bodies and are aimed at improving the current situation through more effective use of existing advantages and mechanisms and the formation of new ones that meet the needs of integrating states and their regions.
City and “Urbanˮ: Identity and Difference
Authors: Filonenko Victor I. , Shtompel Liudmila A. , Shtompel Oleg M.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The current global trend of changing the urban form, which is expressed in the development of suburbs and in the transfer of business centers in megalopolises from central business districts to peripheral ones, actualizes the problem of identifying what is preserving in these new urban formations from “urban” properly. Purpose of the article is on the basis of theoretical understanding of the essence of “urbanicity” and the results of the conducted empirical research to identify the possibility of preserving “urban” during the transformation of the urban form.

Materials and Methods. The materials of the study were the data of a sociological survey of residents of southern Russian cities. 1532 people from all types of cities in the Southern Federal District were interviewed by the questionnaire method. The conceptual framework of the analysis was a combination of spatial and cultural-anthropological approaches. This made it possible to interpret the citizens’ assessments of their life in cities as a representation of the degree of presence of the urban element in their lives.

Results. The performed analysis of the collected empirical material has revealed that “urban” in modern southern Russian cities is being eroded. This is expressed in the general dissatisfaction with the cultural level of those around them, in the feeling of insufficient security, in the incompleteness of the feeling of happiness from life in the city, in the highlighted shortcomings of open public spaces, in the passivity of the townspeople.

Discussion and Conclusion. The future of cities is determined not only by spatial transformations and technological innovations, but by the ability to preserve the “urban” basis per se: that is, the ability to ensure the safety, diversity, communication and freedom of townspeople. “Urban” is an effective connection with the city of every city dweller as an active participant in its life, and not only as a consumer of ready-made urban forms. The analysis of the collected material has been targeted at the regional authorities implementing urban and cultural policy. The research results may prove useful to civil society institutions promoting interaction between the administration and urban residents.
HUBUNGAN KELOMPOK TEMAN SEBAYA DENGAN PENYESUAIAN DIRI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI DI MAN 1 KOTA PADANG
Authors: Zambri Muhammad , Kenedi Gusril
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian korelasi kuantitatif hubungan kelompok teman sebaya dengan penyesuaian diri peserta didik kelas XI di MAN 1 Kota Padang. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif korelasional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI di MAN 1 Kota Padang yang berjumlah 73 orang.Sampel penelitian diambil secara simple random sampling. Instrument penelitian menggunakan dua angket yaitu angket tentang kelompok teman sebaya dan penyesuaian diri. Data diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS Versi 20 serta dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus Product Moment Correlation coefisien Karl Pearsons. Berdasarkan hasil perolehan data didapatkan hasil penelitian  bahwa  penilaian kelompok teman sebaya dan penilaian penyesuaian diri peserta didik kelas XI di MAN 1 Kota Padang termasuk kedalam kategori sedang, serta terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kelompok teman sebaya dengan penyesuaian diri peserta didik dengan nilai koefisien korelasinya adalah sebesar 0,721.Hal ini berarti semakin tinggi  kelompok teman sebaya maka semakin tinggi juga penyesuaian diri yang diperoleh peserta didik kelas XI di MAN 1 Kota Padang dan begitu pula sebaliknya.
INVENTARISASI “RUMAH GADANG” SEBAGAI SIMBOL BUDAYA (Pemberdayaan bidang kebudayaan di Nagari Pasie Laweh)
Authors: Irwandi Irwandi , Maimora Romi
Published: March 2022

Nagari Pasie Laweh has considerable potential, both human resources potential, natural resources (SDA) potential, as well as artistic, traditional and cultural potential. One of the potentials that need to be preserved is the potential that symbolizes culture. Based on this, in order to preserve the cultural symbols, it is necessary to take comprehensive steps from stakeholders, including by conducting an inventory. The inventory is carried out using a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. From the results of the implementation of the inventory, the following results were obtained, including the number of remaining rumah gadang in nagari pasie laweh totaling 30 units with the following conditions; a. good condition and can be occupied, b. good condition but not occupied, c. unfavorable condition but can be occupied, d. poor condition and cannot be occupied. Responding to this and addressing the problem of cultural symbols in the Pasie Laweh village, special attention is needed from the Nagari government and the Nagari Customary Density (KAN) Nagari.
Weakness of will. The limitations of revealed preference theory
Authors: Ostapiuk Aleksander
Published: March 2022

The phenomenon of weakness of will – not doing what we perceive as the best action – is not recognized by neoclassical economics due to the axiomatic assumptions of the revealed preference theory (RPT) that people do what is best for them. However, present bias shows that people have different preferences over time. As they cannot be compared by the utility measurements, economists need to normatively decide between selves (short- versus long-term preferences). A problem is that neoclassical economists perceive RPT as value-free and incorporate present bias within the economic framework. The axiomatic assumption that people do what is best for them leads to theoretical and practical dilemmas. This work examines weakness of will to resolve some shortcomings of RPT. The concept of intention is used to provide multiple self conception with the framework to decide between selves, which had not been done before. The paper concludes that individuals should not always follow their revealed preferences (desires) but the intentions (reason) because the latter indicates what people really want.
The effect of public transport disruption on bicycle usage. Evidence from a natural experiment in Budapest
Authors: Bakó Barna , Berezvai Zombor , Isztin Péter , Nagy Kristóf Máté
Published: March 2022

In this article we use a natural experiment to assess the effects of a public transport disruption on the bicycle sharing system ridership. We exploit maintenance work on a major tram line in Budapest. Fixed effects panel regressions are applied in a difference-in-difference setting. Our results show that bicycle sharing usage significantly increased on weekdays during the disruption, however, this effect is not substantial relative to the baseline usage of the tram service. These findings raise interesting policy questions.
Korai és késői graftectomiák a Szegedi Sebészeti Klinikán – 5 év beteganyagában
Authors: Harsányi Márton , Lázár György , Szederkényi Edit , Hódi Zoltán , Rárosi Ferenc , Keresztes Csilla , Borda Bernadett
Published: March 2022

Bevezetés

A veseátültetés utáni graftectomia aránya az első évben 7–10%-ra tehető, mely a későbbiekben 3-5%-ra csökken. A graftectomia indikációja és pontos időzítése bizonyos esetekben vita tárgya, elsősorban a tüneteket nem okozó, már nem működő graftok esetén.

Módszer

A szegedi Sebészeti Klinika Transzplantációs Osztályon 2015. január 1. és 2020. december 31. között veseátültetésen átesett betegek adatait elemeztük. Áttekintettük a graftectomiák indikációit, időzítését, szövődményeit, összehasonlítottuk a korai és késői graftectomiákat.

Eredmények

A vizsgált időszakban 294 veseátültetés történt. Közülük 37 betegnél (13%) történt graftectomia. A gyakoribb indikációk a következők voltak: vérzés 11 (30%), artériás keringési zavar 8 (22%), v. renalis thrombosis 7 (19%), kevert aktív antitestes és zajló celluláris rejectio 7 (19%), akut humorális rejectio 4 (10%). A graftectomiákat 26 esetben nem működő, míg 11 esetben működő grafttal végeztük. A korai és a késői graftectomiákat összehasonlítva 15 esetben (40%) történt korai, a transzplantáció után 30 napon belüli, és 22 esetben (60%) késői graftectomia.

Következtetések

A vizsgált időszakban a graftectomiák leggyakoribb oka az akut vérzés volt, amely a krónikus veseelégtelenség következtében kialakult thrombocytopathiának köszönhető. A koraiak esetén sürgősségi, a késői graftectomiáknál döntő többségében elektív műtét történt.
MASTS ‘Brexit’ event – summary report
Authors: Greenhill Lucy
Published: March 2022

Background. As negotiations continue in relation to the UK’s departure from the European Union, considerable uncertainty remains around the final structure of any deal and the implications across all policy areas. Maritime issues are of key concern in Scotland and numerous reports and opinions are accumulating, highlighting significant areas of concern, ranging from fisheries to decommissioning, and some potential opportunities. There is a critical need for knowledge and capacity to support and influence the on-going negotiation process, at both the Scottish and UK level. Expertise regarding the broad range of marine research, operations and commerce is in demand to support discussion, promote interests and secure advances where possible. Such discussion must be based on the best available science but taking into account the socio-economic and historical context. The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland1 (MASTS) is supporting this discussion, providing scientific expertise and promoting the development of emerging policy and progress towards sustainable marine management, during the transition period and for the post-departure UK organisation. This workshop, supported by MASTS, brought government and academia together to consider the legal, governmental and research framework under which Brexit is taking place and to identify priority areas and activities where information can be shared and options considered for enhancing scientific support for the Brexit process. The objectives were to: • Understand current status of Brexit with respect to marine systems and research capacity, including the legislative framework • Identify the priority gaps in knowledge • Develop ways to enhance communication pathways for the best scientific advice required to support the Brexit process.
National Organization of Forensic Social Work in the 21st Century: A Historical Retrospective of the Last 10 Years
Authors: Vaughan-Eden Viola
Published: March 2022

The National Organization of Forensic Social Work (NOFSW) has a robust history of supporting professionals working with clients in legal systems. It was incorporated in Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1983 with the objective of advancing the education and practice of forensic social work. Despite the expectations of clients and the community that social workers and lawyers collaborate on cases, due to their differing purposes and goals, this does not happen consistently.  Even when social workers and lawyers do attempt to work together, the differences in their education and training often make it difficult for them to speak the same language. It is this disconnect between the two disciplines (social work and law) that NOFSW sought to ameliorate. NOFSW provides a home for forensic social work professionals to gain support, instruction, and validation for their work.  This historical summary is a follow-up to the commentary published in the first issue of the Journal of Forensic Social Work (Chatfield et al., 2011).

 

For more, click on the pdf link above.
Electrophoretic determination of carboxylic acids in blood serum with intracapillary concentration
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Makeeva D.V. , Antipova K.S. ,   Saint-Petersburg State University, Kartsova L.A. ,   Saint-Petersburg State University
Published: March 2022

Electrophoretic separation and on-line concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in human blood serum of the patients with the inflammatory bowel disease is described in the current investigation. SCFAs are end products of carbohydrate fermentation, which are indigestible in the intestine. The highest concentrations of SCFAs are in the proximal colon, where they are absorbed by the epithelial cells of the colon (colonocytes) and then enter the tissues and blood. The changes in their serum content can indicate the metabolism disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases. The low sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis requires application of on-line concentration in order to implement this method for the detection of low concentrations of SCFAs in biological fluids. Moreover, for the salt-matrix samples, an application of common concentration techniques based on the differences in conductivity of sample matrix and background electrolyte is limited. Therefore, the development of fast, efficient and highly sensitive approaches for the determination of SCFAs in blood serum is an important task. In the current work, the improvement of the sensitivity of SFCAs has been achieved by the application of a water plug, which was proposed to be injected directly before the sample in order to form a low conductivity area for the acceleration and concentration of the analytes. The proposed preconcentration and electrophoretic separation scheme provided decreased detection limits of SCFAs (~ 50 - 70 ng/mL) due to 30 times concentration of analytes as well as fast analytes’ determination (15 min).
Analytical aspects of organic compounds retention indices dependence in reversed phase HPLC on the content of methanol in eluent
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Zenkevich I. G. , Derouiche A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2022

As a result of the determination of retention indices (RI) of 11 organic compounds of various polarity in reversed phase (RP) HPLC using methanol as organic solvent in elu­ent, the coefficients of the dependence of RI vs. content of methanol, dRI/dС were de­ter­mi­ned. Formally, these parameters are equivalent to the temperature coefficients of gas chromatographic retention indices, b = dRI/dT. It is shown that the ranges of variations of these coefficients are rather large (from -2.0 up to +4.6 in the current work), which requires re­ve­­a­ling the factors influencing their signs and absolute values. The correlations of coeffi­ci­­ents dRI/dC with retention indices themselves, as well as with hydrophobicity factors, logP (the logarithms of partition coefficients in the system 1-octanol/water) seem to be negligible. The best correlations of dRI/dC were observed with such polarity mea­su­res of organic compounds as homologous increments of hydrophobicity factors (ilogP), and re­ten­tion indices (iRI). Such transformations of pro­perties A as their homologous increments characterize different homologues despite of their locations within the homologous series. Thus, the parameters ilogP and iRI appeared to be the measures of the polarity of the corres­pon­­ding series. This approach per­mits us to reveal that the dependence of retention indices in RP HPLC on the content of me­tha­nol in eluent is determined just by the analytes¢ po­la­rity and their hydrophobic – hydrophilic proper­ties. The ratio dRI/dC > 0 is typi­cal for non-polar analytes, while for polar compo­unds the negative signs of these coeffi­ci­ents are typical, dRI/dC < 0. Hence, deter­mining even the sign of this coefficient provi­des the important information on the chemical origin of analytes.
The use of NIR Fluorimetry with photographic data acquisition in the fingerprinting method with the addition of fluorophores to the samples: discrimination of apple juices
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Skorobogatov E. V. , Stepanova I. A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Orekhov V. S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Beklemishev M. K. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: March 2022

The application of dyes, that fluoresce in the near infrared (NIR, 700-800 nm) region, for the recognition of samples using a fingerprinting method with the addition of fluorophores to the samples (“fluorescent eye”) is proposed. The technique has been successfully applied to the classification of samples of various nature. In the current work, this strategy has been tested on the example of discrimination of 17 samples of apple juice from different manufacturers, purchased at different times. An indolenine series heptamethine carbocyanine dye in the presence of surfactants was used as the added fluorophore, red LEDs were used as an excitation source, and the signal was recorded using a digital camera with an additional IR filter installed; a spectrofluorimeter with a 96-well plate accessory was used to record the spectra. Photographic images were processed using Unscrambler X and Excel software. The results were presented using the following coordinates: intensity of NIR fluorescence - intensity of visible light reflection (using the photographic images). It was found that such presentation allowed the samples to be divided into groups associated with the manufacturer. We have also obtained intrinsic fluorescence spectra, including those with the addition of NIR dye, and these results were processed by the principal component analysis. It was possible to distinguish 5–6 groups of samples by their intrinsic emission, not counting the blank, while the spectra with the addition of the dye allowed to isolate the largest number of groups of samples (9). At the same time, the classification using spectra did not allow juices to be grouped by the producer. Also, obtaining photographs using a visualizer was easier and faster than recording the fluorescence spectra. The joint processing of emission spectra and photographs did not improve the quality of discrimination.
Differentiation of oil samples by isomeric composition of paraffins using cluster analysis methods
Authors:   Surgut State University, Turov Iu. P. , Guzniaeva M. Iu. ,   Surgut State University
Published: March 2022

A new method is proposed for controlling the sources of oil samples by chemical composition for their differentiation, identification and establishment of their origin (specific wells of the operating field) using the agglomerative hierarchical data clustering and applying the J. Ward algorithm. The initial information is the data on the composition and relative contents of n-paraffins С17Н36 ÷ С34Н70, isoprenoids of pristane С19Н40 and phytane С20Н42 in oil samples obtained by selected-ion monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The solution to the problem was carried out in the absence of the information about the magnitude of the total uncertainty in the data, without using the standard samples for their assessment and without the preliminary assumption of the number of expected clusters. The proposed technique’s possibilities were illustrated by the results of 20 × 27 data matrix processing based on the relative paraffin content in 27 encrypted anonymous samples. As an outcome, three clusters were identified, each of which included objects sampled from the specific well. Differentiating the sources of the samples using the traditional methods by comparing the amounts of n-paraffins and isoprenoids proved to be impossible. Due to the inevitable errors in the analysis results and the possible changes in the composition of the recovered oil, the values of the relative contents of paraffins in the oil samples from all three wells overlap and the sources remain indistinguishable. The newly proposed method made it possible to solve the differentiation problem of oil samples in organic geochemistry and environment control which are complicated by the wide variability of the composition of oil samples, the lability of petroleum system under the influence of natural and technogenic factors and the absence of the estimate of the actual errors in the data.
Book review for a book by M. Haschke, J. Flock, M. Haller “Laboratory Applications of X-ray Fluorescence”, Wiley. 2021, 464 pp., 263 illustrations.
Authors:   Institute of the Earth’s Crust, SB RAS, Revenko A. G.
Published: March 2022

The use of X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) has been constantly expanding in recent years. The number of users without special training is increasing. This paper provides information on the monograph by M. Haschke, J. Flock, and M. Haller “Laboratory Applications of X-ray Fluorescence”. The book was published by Wiley-VCH. The book under review was written by experts with extensive experience in XRF. The authors made a significant contribution to the development of X-ray fluorescence analysis. The book consists of a Preface, a List of abbreviations and symbols, Information about authors, an Introduction, 18 Chapters, two Appendixs (A - Tables, B - Important information), a References and an Index. The material of the book in the review is discussed chapter by chapter. The book presents various sample preparation procedures that are typical for XRF and discusses their impact on the precision and accuracy of the analysis. The main types of X-ray spectrometers, as well as the design, construction and features of the operation of individual components of the devices are considered. The main techniques for measuring and evaluating X-ray spectra are discussed, and the metrological characteristics of XRF are compared with other analytical methods. In full accordance with the title of the book, the authors paid the main attention to the discussion of options for solving various analytical problems using XRF. Homogeneous and heterogeneous, solid and liquid materials, application in geology, ecology, biology, industrial enterprises, research laboratories in the study of objects of heritage are considered. It should be noted the presence in the book of the Appendix “Important information”. Prepared by the authors, a modern high quality reference guide will be useful for both beginners and qualified professionals. A clear presentation of the material allows us to recommend it as a teaching aid for students and undergraduates. It seems that the book will be in demand in the laboratories of research institutes and universities, as well as in the laboratories of industrial enterprises.
ICP-spectrometric determination of the total tin content in the water of the Azov and Black Seas
Authors:   Kuban State University, Temerdashev Z. A. , Abakumov P. G. ,   Kuban State University, Abakumova D. D. ,   Kuban State University
Published: March 2022

The paper considers the possibility of determining the total content of tin in various forms of presence in the waters of the Azov and Black Seas, which differ in salinity. Organotin compounds, when present in waters, interfere with the determination of inorganic forms of tin by direct injection by ICP spectrometry. It is shown that before determining the total content of tin in various forms of presence in waters with organotin compounds, microwave mineralization of the analyzed samples is required, under which a quantitative conversion to the inorganic form of tin is ensured. The highest efficiency of decomposition of water samples was achieved using oxidizing mixtures based on nitric acid (5.0 см3 HNO3; 4.0 см3 HNO3 + 1.0 см3 HCl и 3.0 см3 HNO3 + 2.0 см3 H2О2). Limits for the determination of tin (LOQSn) in solutions prepared in deionized and model sea waters with different salinities have been established. According to the proposed scheme of analysis for ICP-AES, the LOQSn values in water samples from the Azov and Black Seas were 0.40 and 0.47 µg/dm3, respectively, with direct injection of the sample. In the ICP-MS determination of LOQSn also increases with increasing water salinity and ranges from 0.03 (deionized water) to 0.45 μg/dm3 (model sea water with a salinity of 18 ‰). The developed scheme of analysis made it possible to determine the total content of tin, considering all forms of its presence in sea waters. Satisfactory convergence of the results of analyzes after microwave mineralization of waters is observed for ICP-AES determination of the total tin content in the range from 0.45 to 10.0 μg/dm3, and for ICP-MS in the range from 0.40 to 5.00 μg/dm3. In the analyzed water samples of the Azov and Black Seas, the total tin content was found to be 0.20 and 0.23 µg/dm3, respectively.
Study of the steel pipe stress-strain state in the embankment body, with the account of the base soil creep
Authors: Marasanov Alexander , Sheikin Alexander
Published: March 2022

The construction of new railway lines in the Far North regions poses a number of challenges for scientists, such as overtime behavior study of the various structures included in the railway infrastructure like bridges and culverts. This is because the frozen base soil has viscoelastic properties, which are fraught with the high stresses and deformations development in these structures over time.
The article presents the study results of the steel culverts’ behavior located in the embankment body, with the account of the base soil creep. The base soil is considered frozen. Culverts of different diameters are considered based on data from the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway line (Yamal Peninsula).
The problem was solved on the basis of the finite element method (FEM) based on the MSC Nastran software package.
An assessment was made of the change in the stress-strain state of these structures in time on the time segment [0, 1000 days] under the characteristic dead load. The influence of a number of parameters, namely the pipe diameter and the frozen soil temperature, on the steel pipe behavior over time has been studied. It is shown that even a slight increase in the frozen soil temperature (by one degree Celsius) leads to a noticeable increase in stresses and strains in the steel pipe, due to the base soil creep. Reducing the pipe diameter (from 3.4 m to 2.6 m) also leads to an increase in stresses and deformations in the pipe body over time, but to a much lesser extent compared to an increase in the base soil temperature.
Categorização, frame e valores sociais em um programa televisivo
Authors: Parintins Rafahel
Published: March 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o papel da mobilização textual de frames na indicialidade de valores sociais por meio de categorizações a partir da análise de uma situação de conflito interativo no programa de televisão Casos de família. Assume-se uma abordagem sociocognitivo-interacional da Linguística Textual e uma perspectiva dinâmica e discursiva de frames. A metodologia do estudo consistiu em uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa de categorizações textuais e mobilizações de frames de valores sociais. Os resultados indicam a emergência de categorizações depreciativas e não depreciativas que mobilizam frames. Esses frames indiciam valores sociais situadamente mobilizados e entrelaçados, principalmente de Família e Trabalho. Assim, os sentidos sociais de família e de trabalho são, na interação em questão, mobilizados para mediar ou organizar sociocognitiva e valorativamente os participantes copresentes, como (não) sendo “de família” e/ou “de trabalho”. O presente estudo pode colaborar para o entendimento da natureza textual-interativa dos diferentes tipos de situação de explicitação de conflito interacional, bem como para os estudos de impolidez e de violência verbal, relativamente à questão da categorização linguística e da indicialidade de valores sociais.
Macroporosity-based prediction models for mechanical properties of foamed concrete
Authors: Bagheri Alireza , Ghahremani Gholamreza
Published: March 2022

Foamed concrete is a versatile lightweight material that has attracted considerable research attention during the last few years. Various researchers have proposed strength prediction models based on the porosity of the material. However, these models give significantly different values of strength for the same foam porosity. Although the Balshin-type power functions have been found to adequately fit the experimental data, the power exponents reported by various researchers have had wide variations, ranging from 2.7 to 4.9. A fairly similar situation prevails with regards to models for predicting the elastic modulus of foamed concrete. In this research, through an experimental study and also re-examination of previous works, a general expression is derived for quantifying the effect of foam content on the strength of foamed concrete. Using the concept of paste fraction porosity, the discrepancy between power exponents reported by various researchers was resolved. It was found that a Balshin-type function with a power exponent of 3 can be used for the prediction of the strength of foamed concretes, provided the porosity is considered as the paste fraction porosity Pf′. With regards to elastic modulus, by providing new experimental data, more insight is provided on the effect of foam porosity on this parameter.
Addressing violations of safe work procedures in South African construction
Authors: Emuze Fidelis Abumere
Published: March 2022

In this study, safety violations professed to be part of work routines were investigated. The knowledge gap addressed is how to prevent the normalisation of violation of safe work procedures (SWPs) on construction sites in South Africa. An exploratory, mixed-methods approach was adopted for the study. The sequential approach started with face-to-face interviews, which were followed by a self-administered questionnaire survey to produce textual and statistical data for analysis. The findings showed that unsafe procedures beget safety violations on construction sites. The unsafe procedures usually stem from work pressure, inadequate supervision, misleading information, deviation from safety rules and refusal to follow SWPs. The source of the data analysed was limited to construction sites in two provinces in South Africa, so caution is needed regarding statistical generalisation. This study has provided some measures for preventing violations of SWPs, particularly in developing countries.
Measuring Geopolitical Risk
Authors: Caldara Dario , Iacoviello Matteo
Published: March 2022

We present a news-based measure of adverse geopolitical events and associated risks. The geopolitical risk (GPR) index spikes around the two world wars, at the beginning of the Korean War, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, and after 9/11. Higher geopolitical risk foreshadows lower investment and employment and is associated with higher disaster probability and larger downside risks. The adverse consequences of the GPR index are driven by both the threat and the realization of adverse geopolitical events. We complement our aggregate measures with industry- and firm-level indicators of geopolitical risk. Investment drops more in industries that are exposed to aggregate geopolitical risk. Higher firm-level geopolitical risk is associated with lower firm-level investment.
Global trends in the development of refractory production in 2021‒2025
Authors: Kononov V. A.
Published: March 2022

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Lycopene for Hypertension and Factors Affecting Its Use: A Survey of Pharmacy Students
Authors:   Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, NW, Washington DC 20059, USA, Mohamed Basil , Mbami Ivan ,   Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, NW, Washington DC 20059, USA, Hailemeskel Bisrat ,   Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, NW, Washington DC 20059, USA
Published: March 2022

Purpose To better understand and assess the potential obstacles to the adoption of lycopene for treating high blood pressure. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted by administering a survey to 42 Howard University College of Pharmacy students. Descriptive statistics and risk estimates were calculated using statistical package for social studies (SPSS) software. Results Only 33.3% of students had ever heard of lycopene, and lycopene knowledge score was poor among 88% of respondents. NonD.C. residence, dietary supplement use and the belief that dietary supplements such as lycopene interact with prescription drugs and should be used cautiously, were all correlated with a lesser risk of having poor lycopene knowledge. Annual income >$40,000 was correlated with a greater risk of being in the poor lycopene knowledge group. Despite this data, 59.5% report that will incorporate more lycopene into their diet. Conclusion Lycopene knowledge is generally poor among the observed cohort; however, this does not seem to be a great obstacle in the path of adoption.
Dietary Supplements: A Survey of the Opinion of First-Year Professional Pharmacy Students
Authors:   College of Pharmacy, Howard University, 2300 4th Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20059, USA, Hailemeskel Bisrat , Fullas Fekadu ,   Former Affiliation, Unity Point Health-St. Luke’s Hospital, Sioux City, IA 51104, USA
Published: March 2022

Introduction Pharmacists need to be at the forefront in advising consumers of dietary supplements (DS) about quality, claims, labeling, safety, efficacy, DS-drug interactions, and other aspects. Yet, the knowledge base of pharmacists and pharmacists-in-training about DS appears to be below expectation. Objective The goal of the study is to evaluate pharmacy student opinions about DS. Methodology A survey questionnaire was developed, tested, and distributed among students who were enrolled in the Drug Information class, which is a 2-credit hour mandatory course for all first professional pharmacy students at Howard University, College of Pharmacy. The data was analyzed using SPSS statistical analysis software. Results A total of 42 students (15 male, 27 female) participated in the survey. Of these, 25 respondents (59.5%) felt comfortable about their knowledge of DS, while only 14 (33.4%) reported participation in counselling (p=0.0281). Most respondents (29; 69%) had used DS in the past, while 21 (50%) claimed they used DS at the time of the survey. To a specific query in the questionnaire regarding lycopene-containing food items, 28 (66.7%) agreed they would use such foods in the future for health benefits. Analysis of the survey data revealed no statistical differences between the responses of male and female students (p>0.05 for all the five questionnaire items). Conclusion In a survey of 42 pharmacy students at Howard University College Pharmacy, over half (59.5%) felt comfortable about their knowledge of DS. About one-third students (33%) reported they were involved in patient counseling and interaction. Over two-third respondents (69%) took DS in the past, while half were taking DS at the time of the survey.