bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender and Migration: Geographical Mobility and the Wife's Sacrifice
Authors: Bonney Norman , Love John
Published: February 2011

Although it has become almost axiomatic in much contemporary sociology that geographical mobility for husband's career reasons is disruptive of wives' labour market careers, there have been few systematical empirical inquiries into the issue. This study reports findings from a survey of in-migrants in Aberdeen in 1986. Considerations relating to male partner's occupational career were the main factor accounting for the in-migration of married women, but single women were more likely to come for educational or employment reasons. Levels of grievance among in-migrant partnered women about the consequences of this move for their employment were low but there was some evidence that women in-migrant for such reasons saw the move as less helpful careerwise than other in-migrant women. More, however, saw the move as helpful or making no difference, rather than being a hindrance. Many respondents were able to find what they regarded as suitable new employment and others saw themselves at the time of the move primarily as mothers or housewives. The research findings lend support for the view that migrant wives' roles are orientated primarily around their husband's occupational concerns but this need not be detrimental to their own labour market activity since their skills, aptitudes and resources facilitate their adaptation to the new situation.
Research Note: The ‘Macho’ Management Debate and the Dismissal of Employees during Industrial Disputes
Authors: Denham David
Published: February 2011

The author presents data from a survey of newspapers on the incidence of the dismissal of employees during industrial disputes and raises the question that studies of what managers actually do are likely to produce different results compared to those produced from questionnaires addressed to managers.
Exploring Nineteenth‐Century Haida Translations of the New Testament
Authors: TOMALIN MARCUS
Published: February 2011

Although a considerable amount has been written about the missionaries who were based on the Pacific Northwest Coast during the nineteenth century, many aspects of their life and ministry still await detailed consideration. This article seeks to contribute to an ongoing process of elucidation by examining the scripture translations produced by Church Missionary Society representatives stationed on the Haida Gwaii archipelago (off the West Coast of Canada) from 1876 onwards. In particular, a careful assessment of the Haida gospel translations that were published by William Collison (1847–1922), Charles Harrison (d.1926), and John Keen (c.1851–1950) reveals the complex genesis of these texts. Drawing upon previously neglected primary source material, this discussion explores such topics as the linguistic training the missionaries received and the use they made of informants who spoke Haida as a first language. Most importantly, though, a close reading of the gospels indicates how the translators attempted to negotiate with indigenous notions of power and servitude, and this in turn provides remarkable insights into the theological and socio‐political concerns of the missionaries involved.
Cross‐language transfer of orthographic processing skills: a study of French children who learn English at school
Authors: Commissaire Eva , Duncan Lynne G. , Casalis Séverine
Published: February 2011

This study explores the nature of orthographic processing skills among French‐speaking children in Grades 6 and 8 who are learning English at school as a second language (L2). Two aspects of orthographic processing skills are thought to form a convergent construct in monolingual beginning readers: word‐specific knowledge (e.g. rain‐rane) and sensitivity to sub‐lexical regularities (e.g. schoal‐sckoal). The present study examines these components in the first language (L1) reading of older children and charts the cross‐language transfer of orthographic skills during the first 3 years of L2 learning. Word‐specific orthographic knowledge in L2 correlates with L1 reading speed and results reveal direct cross‐language transfer for this component of orthographic processing skill. However, no evidence is found for transfer of sensitivity to sub‐lexical regularities. The concept of cross‐language transfer in relation to these different components of orthographic processing is discussed with reference to L1 and L2 literacy skills in this school acquisition context.
The role of phoneme and onset‐rime awareness in second language reading acquisition
Authors: Haigh Corinne A. , Savage Robert , Erdos Caroline , Genesee Fred
Published: February 2011

This study investigated the link between phoneme and onset‐rime awareness and reading outcomes in children learning to read in a second language (L2). Closely matched phoneme and onset‐rime awareness tasks were administered in English and French in the spring of kindergarten to English‐dominant children in French immersion programmes (n=98). Regression analyses indicated that English phoneme manipulation was a significant predictor of both English and French reading outcomes after controlling for kindergarten knowledge of letter names and word identification. French onset‐rime knowledge measured in kindergarten accounted for significant variance for French reading outcome measures. Results support the existence of a link between English phoneme manipulation in kindergarten and both English and French reading outcomes in Grade 2. Practically, these results provide information about what phonological awareness measures can be used in kindergarten to predict later reading outcomes for children learning to read in an L2.
Rapid naming speed components and reading comprehension in bilingual children
Authors: Li Miao , Kirby John , Georgiou George K.
Published: February 2011

This study examined the development of rapid automatised naming (RAN) components (i.e. articulation time and pause time) in English and Chinese, and their relations to English reading comprehension, in Chinese English immersion students at Grades 2, 4 and 6. Results indicated that pause time rather than articulation time was highly correlated with total time in both English and Chinese in all three grades. English and Chinese articulation times and English and Chinese pause times were more related after Grade 2. All component times decreased with grade level, but the decrease in English pause time between Grades 2 and 4 was the greatest. English pause time explained variance in English reading comprehension only in Grade 6. There was little evidence of cross‐language transfer from Chinese RAN components to English reading comprehension.
Cross‐language transfer of morphological awareness in Chinese–English bilinguals
Authors: Pasquarella Adrian , Chen Xi , Lam Katie , Luo Yang C. , Ramirez Gloria
Published: February 2011

This study examined cross‐language transfer of morphological awareness in Chinese–English bilingual children. One hundred and thirty‐seven first to fourth graders participated in the study. The children were tested on parallel measures of compound awareness, vocabulary, word reading and reading comprehension in Chinese and English. They also received measures of English derivational awareness, English phonological awareness and nonverbal reasoning. Structural equation modelling was used to compare a baseline model with only within‐language paths to a model with cross‐language paths. The cross‐language model fit significantly better than the within‐language model, suggesting transfer of morphological awareness between English and Chinese. In particular, we observed a bidirectional relationship between English compound awareness and Chinese vocabulary. Furthermore, English compound awareness was a significant predictor of Chinese reading comprehension. The conditions that support transfer of morphological awareness and the impact of transfer on literacy development in Chinese and English are discussed.
What we have learned from ‘learning to read in more than one language’
Authors: Deacon Hélène , Cain Kate
Published: February 2011

Our goal with this special issue was to bring together a range of research on learning to read in more than one language. In this introduction, we provide an overview of clear diversity across the language pairings, learning contexts and reading‐related skills examined. We also highlight some particularly noteworthy and often intriguing findings that emerged across the articles. These include the examination of transfer at the skill level, as well as of the direction of the uncovered relationships in time and between languages. They also include the examination of cases in which we do and do not see transfer, as well as the clear contributions of bilingual research to theoretical debates across both monolingual and bilingual research. We think that these point to some exciting new questions for future research.
The Political Economic Necessity of the Art School 1835–52
Authors: Quinn Malcolm
Published: February 2011

This article examines the political economic theories that informed the development of the first publicly funded art school in Britain, by the Select Committee on Arts and Manufactures of 1835/6. It begins by assessing these origins in the context of some recent experiments in art school pedagogy. It then responds to the challenge offered by Mervyn Romans in iJADE, Vol. 23, No. 3 (2004) to the argument that economic necessity was the motive for the establishment of publicly funded art education in Britain. I argue that in this instance, economic necessity should be defined according to the terms of political economic theories that offered ‘scientific’ reasons for the economic benefits of political change. I analyse this political economic discourse with reference to the examination of Martin Archer Shee, then President of the Royal Academy of Arts, at the Select Committee on Arts and Manufactures in 1836. I conclude by suggesting that the establishment of the first publicly funded art school in Britain in 1837, as it was distinguished from the Royal Academy of Arts, can be understood as part of a political economic experiment that was realised only when Henry Cole took charge of the School of Design as ‘The Department of Practical Art’ in 1852. This experiment depended on risking the models of professionalism in art that existed at that time, in order to advance new combinations of politics, economics and public pedagogy under capital, in ways that are no longer readily recognisable.
The Pedagogy of Failure in the Global Market
Authors: Silk Janet
Published: February 2011

An American artist and art educator discusses her experience teaching at the American University in Cairo, Egypt (AUC). Students are confronted by local and international discourse about authenticity, integrity and influence. They express their frustration and anxiety about their chances for success in the global art market. The author questions the effectiveness and function of art education at the AUC, describes the atmosphere of the local Egyptian art scene and communicates teaching strategies she used in the classroom at AUC. From this experience the author proposes the need to cultivate a more experimental, flexible pedagogy that encourages art students to take risks, instead of focusing on the economic viability of their work.
Dyslexia and the Studio: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice
Authors: Alden Sandy , Pollock Venda Louise
Published: February 2011

It is generally accepted that art and design related disciplines attract a higher proportion of students with dyslexia than traditional academic counterparts. Combined with this is a prevalent perception that dyslexia predominantly affects students’ writing and linguistic ability and it is this, as well as an increased visual‐spatial sensibility, that attracts students to art and design disciplines. This article examines these ideas through the experience of fine art students on a degree course with a mandatory written element. Drawing on focus groups and interviews with students, it argues that the studio component, in terms of its learning environment and teaching methods, presents an equally challenging context for students with dyslexia and that the written element or lecture‐based studies can provide students with a valuable counterpoint to their studio practice.
‘Being an artist you kind of, I mean, you get used to excellence’: Identity, Values and Fine Art Assessment Practices
Authors: Orr Susan
Published: February 2011

In this article I report on a study into fine art lecturers’ assessment practices in higher education. This study explores the ways that lecturers bring themselves into the act of assessment (Hand & Clewes 2000). I interviewed twelve fine art lecturers who worked across six English universities. Lecturers were asked to relate to me how they learnt to assess student artwork and what informed their judgement making. My research explores the interfaces between fine art lecturers’ assessment practices, their values and identity/ies. My analysis offers a rendering of the ways that values underpin lecturers’ assessment practices. The article explores the ways that lecturers’ assessment decisions relate to their experiences as ex art students, their identity as artists, their own artistic practices, their conceptualisation of the arts arenas and the HE sector. My key overarching argument is that identity/ies and values underpin and enrich fine art lecturers’ assessment practices.
Letter‐space: Typographic Translations of Urban Place
Authors: Naismith Jacqueline , O'Sullivan Annette
Published: February 2011

This article discusses a Bachelor of Design honours year typography project in the medium of letterpress. The Letter‐space project positioned letterpress as a textual, spatial and structural visual language, through which the experiences and meanings of a local urban place were translated, mapped and given form through typographic design.

We outline and contextualise the pedagogical approach we took in this project. In Letter‐space a pedagogy based on the principles of situated and reflective learning drew urban place and letterpress into a theorised practice. Metaphorical frameworks advanced in urban theory offered new insights into the ways in which urban place could be understood. These metaphors provided departure points for specific place‐based investigation and interpretation. The subject of urban place and the medium of letterpress interacted through their shared language of structure and compositional order, facilitating the processes of mapping and translation.

Examples of the student work produced in the project are discussed and show how theory and practice interacted through conceptual and metaphorical structures. The Letter‐space project advanced the students’ structural understanding of the principles and practices of typographic design, while at the same time deepened an awareness of the complex relationships which form and order familiar urban places
Encounters with the Unexpected: From Holbein to Hirst (and Back Again)
Authors: Watts Robert
Published: February 2011

Learning through art in the museum is a Masters’ level module established in 2006 through collaboration between the School of Education at Roehampton University, London and Interpretation and Education staff at Tate Britain and Tate Modern. On completion of the module, participants were asked to reflect on how the experience had altered their perspectives on the collection and their strategies for teaching and learning in art and design. The aim of this article is to explore some of the themes that emerged from these interviews and from other dialogue between tutors and students on the module, themes that are then discussed within the wider context of museum and gallery education.

The article concludes by reflecting on broader notions of knowledge and understanding in the context of museum and gallery education. It is argued that the juxtapositions of historical, modern and contemporary art that have been a distinctive feature of Tate's curatorial strategy since 2000 have shed fresh light on older works in the collection and provide opportunities for art educators to reappraise the emphasis currently placed upon the interpretation of modern and contemporary work. It is suggested that developing knowledge and understanding of art is partly about embracing notions of ambiguity and mystery: that engaging with multiple and shifting interpretations of artworks should play a more central role in art education and that part of the process of engaging with art is the experience of not knowing and not understanding.
INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND TEMPERATURE ON PLANOZYGOTE AND CYST FORMATION OFALEXANDRIUM MINUTUM(DINOPHYCEAE) IN CULTURE1
Authors: Figueroa Rosa Isabel , Vázquez Jose Antonio , Massanet Ana , Murado Miguel Anxo , Bravo Isabel
Published: February 2011

The factors regulating dinoflagellate life‐cycle transitions are poorly understood. However, their identification is essential to unravel the causes promoting the outbreaks of harmful algal blooms (HABs) because these blooms are often associated with the formation and germination of sexual cysts. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge on the factors regulating planozygote‐cyst transitions in dinoflagellates due to the difficulties of differentiating planozygotes from vegetative stages. In the present study, two different approaches were used to clarify the relevance of environmental factors on planozygote and cyst formation of the toxic dinoflagellateAlexandrium minutumHalim.First, the effects of changes in initial phosphate (P) and nitrate (N) concentrations in the medium on the percentage of planozygotes formed were examined using flow cytometry. Second, two factorial designs were used to determine how salinity (S), temperature (T), and the density of the initial cell inoculum (I) affect planozygote and resting‐cyst formation. These experiments led to the following conclusions:

1. Low P/N ratios seem to induce gamete expression because the percentage of planozygotes recorded in the absence of added phosphate (‐P) was significantly higher than that obtained in the absence of added nitrogen (‐N), or when the concentrations of both nitrogen and phosphate were 20 times lower (N/20 + P/20).

2. Salinity (S) and temperature (T) strongly affected both planozygote and cyst formation, as sexuality in the population increased significantly as salinity decreased and temperatures increased.S, Tcombinations that resulted in no significant cyst formation were, however, favorable for vegetative growth, ruling out the possibility of negative effects on cell physiology.

3. The initial cell density is thought to be important for sexual cyst formation by determining the chances of gamete contact. However, the inoculum concentrations tested did not explain either planozygote formation or the appearance of resting cysts.
A PHYLOGENETIC APPROACH TO THE ESTIMATION OF PHYTOPLANKTON TRAITS1
Authors: Bruggeman Jorn
Published: February 2011

The quantitative characterization of the ecology of individual phytoplankton taxa is essential for model resolution of many aspects of aquatic ecosystems. Existing literature cannot directly parameterize all phytoplankton taxa of interest, as many traits and taxa have not been sampled. However, valuable clues on the value of traits are found in the evolutionary history of species and in common correlations between traits. These two resources were exploited with an existing, statistically consistent method built upon evolutionary concepts. From a new data set with >700 observations on freshwater phytoplankton traits and a qualitative phytoplankton phylogeny, estimates were derived for the size, growth rate, phosphate affinity, and susceptibility to predation of 277 phytoplankton types, from evolutionary ancestors to present‐day species. These estimates account simultaneously for phylogenetic relationships between types, as imposed by the phylogeny, and approximate power‐law relationships (e.g., allometric scaling laws) between traits, as reconstructed from the data set. Results suggest that most phytoplankton traits are to some extent conserved in evolution: cross‐validation demonstrated that the use of phylogenetic information significantly improves trait value estimates. By providing trait value estimates as well as uncertainties, these results could benefit most quantitative studies involving phytoplankton.
Child Maltreatment and Adolescent Development
Authors: Trickett Penelope K. , Negriff Sonya , Ji Juye , Peckins Melissa
Published: February 2011

Child abuse and neglect, often collectively called child maltreatment, are huge social problems affecting millions of children and adolescents in America. Adolescents are affected both by maltreatment which occurred during childhood with lingering effects and by maltreatment that continues into or begins in adolescence. Several decades of research indicate such maltreatment is associated with a number of mental health problems, including internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as other maladaptive developmental problems, in childhood and beyond. This is a review of research published from 2000 to 2010 with a specific focus on the nature and impact of child maltreatment on adolescent development. This article focuses on 3 especially critical themes of this recent research: (1) prospective longitudinal studies that examine adolescent adaptation and maladaptation of individuals abused or neglected earlier in life; (2) research that focuses on some developmental outcomes with particular salience during adolescence such as delinquency and substance abuse, romantic relationships, and sexuality; and (3) research that examined psychobiological processes in maltreated adolescents, processes that might indicate the mechanisms underlying maladaptive development.
Braking and Accelerating of the Adolescent Brain
Authors: Casey B. J. , Jones Rebecca M. , Somerville Leah H.
Published: February 2011

Adolescence is a developmental period often characterized as a time of impulsive and risky choices leading to increased incidence of unintentional injuries and violence, alcohol and drug abuse, unintended pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases. Traditional neurobiological and cognitive explanations for such suboptimal choices and actions have failed to account for nonlinear changes in behavior observed during adolescence, relative to childhood and adulthood. This review provides a biologically plausible conceptualization of the mechanisms underlying these nonlinear changes in behavior, as an imbalance between a heightened sensitivity to motivational cues and immature cognitive control. Recent human imaging and animal studies provide a biological basis for this view, suggesting differential development of subcortical limbic systems relative to top‐down control systems during adolescence relative to childhood and adulthood. This work emphasizes the importance of examining transitions into and out of adolescence and highlights emerging avenues of future research on adolescent brain development.
Racial and Ethnic Differences: Sociocultural and Contextual Explanations
Authors: Chao Ruth K. , Otsuki‐Clutter Michiko
Published: February 2011

With the increasing focus on racial and ethnic diversity in studies of adolescence, this review highlights trends in this research over the past decade. Not only is the sheer number of studies incorporating diverse youth increasing, this research has penetrated many areas of the study of adolescence. Some of this research has attempted to recognize and also capture the contextual and/or sociocultural processes that may explain racial and ethnic diversity or differences among youth in the United States and other countries. Research examining sociocultural and contextual processes underlying racial and ethnic differences is especially evident in the areas of parenting and family socialization. A considerable amount of research on ethnic minority and immigrant youth has also been conducted on their ethnic identity and acculturation, including processes of ethnic identity development, discrimination experiences, and the role of ethnic identity and discrimination in relation to adolescents' well‐being. The theoretical implications of this research will be addressed in terms of what we have learned from studying diverse youth and how this focus has contributed to our theories of adolescence.
Neighborhood Poverty and Adolescent Development
Authors: McBride Murry Velma , Berkel Cady , Gaylord‐Harden Noni K. , Copeland‐Linder Nikeea , Nation Maury
Published: February 2011

This article provides a comprehensive review of studies conducted over the past decade on the effects of neighborhood and poverty on adolescent normative and nonnormative development. Our review includes a summary of studies examining the associations between neighborhood poverty and adolescent identity development followed by a review of studies addressing both direct and indirect linking among neighborhood poverty to academic achievement as well as internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Available neighborhood studies that examined physical health disparities, as well as genetic and environmental influences on adolescent development, were also included. Within each section we summarize findings that address the direct and indirect effects of neighborhood poverty. We conclude with promising strategies for future research, including recommendations for addressing theoretical and methodological issues that continue to plague this field of research.
Coping With Relationship Stressors: A Decade Review
Authors: Seiffge‐Krenke Inge
Published: February 2011

This review identifies key issues in research on adolescent coping with stress with parents, friends, and romantic partners during the past decade. An analysis of 78 studies revealed findings on relationship stressors and the potential links between the use of different coping styles for different relationship types. Research has confirmed consistent gender differences in dealing with relationship stress and shown how individual factors (e.g., personality factors and attachment style) contribute to variations in stress perception and coping styles. Implications for prevention and intervention are identified and suggestions are made for future research, particularly with respect to complex and important developmental questions that have not yet been fully addressed.
A Consumer Way of Thinking: Linking Consumer Socialization and Consumption Motivation Perspectives to Adolescent Development
Authors: Shim Soyeon , Serido Joyce , Barber Bonnie L.
Published: February 2011

With the advent of Internet technology and rapidly changing consumer environments, the societal role played by today's adolescents is significantly increasing. They are becoming more influential, not merely as consumers of products and services but also as coproducers in the marketplace. In this paper, we contend that consumption is central to the adolescent experience, influencing their values, motivation, and attitudes, and ultimately shaping their path toward adulthood. We also provide a review of the research on consumer socialization and motivation followed by an analysis of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model as a conceptual framework to aid in understanding a consumer's way of thinking as it pertains to adolescent development.
Networks of Adjacent Action Situations in Polycentric Governance
Authors: McGinnis Michael D.
Published: February 2011

Within the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, the concept of an action situation generalizes a game to allow for endogenous changes in its rules. This article re‐visits this core concept to explore its potential for serving as the foundation for a systematic approach to the construction of more elaborate models of complex policy networks in which overlapping sets of actors have the ability to influence the rules under which their strategic interactions take place. Networks of adjacent action situations can be built on the basis of the seven distinct types of rules that define an action situation or by representing generic governance tasks identified in related research on local public economies. The potential of this extension of the IAD framework is demonstrated with simplified network representations of three diverse policy areas (Maine lobster fisheries, international development assistance, and the contribution of faith‐based organizations to U.S. welfare policy).
The Study of Local Public Economies: Multi‐organizational, Multi‐level Institutional Analysis and Development
Authors: Oakerson Ronald J. , Parks Roger B.
Published: February 2011

One important extension of the IAD framework has been to the study of local public economies. These are multi‐organizational, multi‐level arrangements defined as the set of governmental jurisdictions, public and nonprofit agencies, and private firms that interact in various patterns to provide and produce public goods and services within a specific locality or region. Commonly, the localities or regions studied from this perspective have been U.S. metropolitan areas, often defined as a central city and its surrounding or adjoining county. Localities can be delineated, however, on various terms, and in the IAD framework, it is the geo‐physical nature of a locality that, in substantial part, drives the analysis. One of the strengths of the approach is its capacity to explain local variations in public organization as a function of the geo‐physical diversity of localities, while at the same time developing empirical generalizations and normative principles that apply across diverse regions. What, for example, might the organization and governance of a complex metropolitan area have in common with the organization and governance of a complex protected area, such as the greater Yellowstone eco‐region or the Adirondack Park? Construing both sorts of regions as local public economies can enhance our overall understanding of public organization at the same time that it permits a more nuanced understanding of diverse localities. Such work contributes to the ongoing IAD project of “understanding institutional diversity.”
Negotiating Political Economy at Late Postclassic Tututepec (Yucu Dzaa), Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Levine Marc N.
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT  Scholarship of ancient Mesoamerica has traditionally focused on ruling institutions and elite culture, contributing to the often‐unchallenged assumption that elites dominated their unwitting commoner subjects. Similarly, the political economy is typically conceived of as an exclusive product of elite strategies. Researchers are now paying greater attention to commoner lives, yet many continue to think of social relationships dichotomously, in terms of elite domination and commoner resistance. I argue that an analysis of political economy through the lens of social negotiation, as informed by postructural theory, encourages more dynamic characterizations of commoner—elite social relationships. I utilize this approach to examine the political economy of Late Postclassic Tututepec (Oaxaca), drawing on the results of household excavations and ethnohistoric data. I argue that commoners may have negotiated a favorable position with Tututepec elites by offering their support in return for a range of benefits, including a measure of economic autonomy and wealth.
Bouldering in Yosemite: Emergent Signs of Place and Landscape
Authors: Ness Sally Ann
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT  A representationalist–constructivist bias is prevalent in contemporary anthropological research on meaning making, particularly research on large‐scale domains of human life. This bias assumes that conceptual and imagined forms of sign processing originate and determine all significance manifesting in environments signifying as greater than local. Lived experience, however, also can originate and influence, if not fully determine, large‐scale processes of meaning making. The case of rock climbing in Yosemite National Park illustrates the inscription and the processual emergence of symbolism into and out of bodily experience. Climbers internalize technical disciplines preconceived by translocal—in some respects, market‐driven—multinational interests and emplace them into the Yosemite landscape while simultaneously originating significance via bodily encounters that are unmediated by conventional symbolic processes. Postphenomenological frameworks foreground how climbers’ unmediated bodily encounters bring into being generative lines of symbolism capable of reconfiguring previously established translocal structures of representation.
On the Road to Normal: Negotiating Agency and State Sovereignty in Postsocialist Serbia
Authors: Greenberg Jessica
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT  I examine how perceptions of state crisis and moral decay in Serbia (after the breakup of Yugoslavia) impact people's belief that they are no longer normal agents capable of effective action. More specifically, I argue that a shift in Serbia's geopolitical position and changing dynamics at international borders reveal the intimate links between people's self‐conception as moral, agentive subjects and the conditions that structure state power. Discourses of normalcy are about the loss (and possible restoration) of a historically specific form of citizen agency that emerged in relationship to a functioning, sovereign, and internationally respected socialist Yugoslav state. I focus on young people's intimate experiences and narratives of everyday life and leisure. In exploring the intersection of forms of state sovereignty and the experience of citizen agency, I illuminate how young Serbian citizens experience changing configurations of state power as enabling conditions for their own moral and agentive capacities.
Campus Sustainable Food Projects: Critique and Engagement
Authors: Barlett Peggy F.
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT Campus sustainable food projects recently have expanded rapidly. A review of four components—purchasing goals, academic programs, direct marketing, and experiential learning—shows both intent and capacity to contribute to transformational change toward an alternative food system. The published rationales for campus projects and specific purchasing guidelines join curricular and cocurricular activities to evaluate, disseminate, and legitimize environmental, economic, social justice, and health concerns about conventional food. Emerging new metrics of food service practices mark a potential shift from rhetoric to market clout, and experiential learning builds new coalitions and can reshape relations with food and place. Campus projects are relatively new and their resilience is not assured, but leading projects have had regional, state, and national impact. The emergence of sustainability rankings in higher education and contract‐based compliance around purchasing goals suggests that if support continues, higher education's leadership can extend to the broader agrifood system.
Placental Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Pregnancies: Intimations of Fetal Cardiovascular Disease?
Authors: LEACH LOPA
Published: February 2011

Please cite this paper as: Leach (2011). Placental Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Pregnancies: Intimations of Fetal Cardiovascular Disease? Microcirculation 18(4), 263–269.

In the human placenta, the angioarchitecture of fetal vessels lying in maternal blood is useful for nutrient uptake, but it makes the synthesis, maturation and functioning of placental vessels vulnerable to any alterations in the fetal and maternal environment. This review discusses how the maternal diabetic milieu, and the resultant fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, may act together to produce an altered placental vascular phenotype, which includes increased angiogenesis, altered junctional maturity, increased vascular endothelial‐like growth factor (VEGF), altered VEGF and insulin receptor profiles, and upregulation of genes involved in signal transduction, transcription and mitosis in placental endothelial cells. The placental vascular dysfunction does extend to other fetal vascular beds including endothelial cells from umbilical vessels, where there are reports of elevated basal iNOS activity and altered sensitivity to insulin. There is emerging evidence of epigenetic modulation of fetal endothelial genes in diabetes and long‐term vascular consequences of this. Thus, placental vascular dysfunction in diabetes may be contributing to and describing disturbances in the fetal vasculature, which may produce an overt pathological response in later life if challenged with additional cardiovascular stresses.
Alveolar ridge dimensions in maxillary posterior sextants: a retrospective comparative study of dentate and edentulous sites using computerized tomography data
Authors: Farina Roberto , Pramstraller Mattia , Franceschetti Giovanni , Pramstraller Christof , Trombelli Leonardo
Published: February 2011

Aim: To compare the alveolar ridge dimensions between edentulous sites and contralateral dentate sites of maxillary posterior sextants in the same individuals.

Materials and methods: Computerized tomography scans of 32 patients with one fully edentulous and one fully dentate maxillary posterior sextants were analyzed.

Results: When compared with dentate sextants, edentulous sextants showed (i) a lower bone height (BH) at second premolar, first molar and second molar sites, which was associated with a more coronal position of the maxillary sinus floor at second premolar site; (ii) a more apical position of the ridge at second premolar and second molar sites; (iii) a lower bone width (BW)1 mm at first and second premolar sites, and a lower BW3 mm at all sites, (iv) a lower, although not significant, prevalence of premolar and molar sites with BH≥8 mm and BW1 mm≥6 mm.

Conclusions: The edentulous sextants in the posterior maxilla showed a reduced height and width of the ridge when compared with contralateral dentate sextants. The reduced vertical dimensions observed in edentulous sextants were variably associated with ridge resorption as well as sinus pneumatization.

To cite this article:
 Farina R, Pramstraller M, Franceschetti G, Pramstraller C, Trombelli L. Alveolar ridge dimensions in maxillary posterior sextants: a retrospective comparative study of dentate and edentulous sites using computerized tomography data. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 22, 2011; 1138–1144. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02087.x
ABL1 fusion genes in hematological malignancies: a review
Authors: De Braekeleer Etienne , Douet‐Guilbert Nathalie , Rowe David , Bown Nick , Morel Frédéric , Berthou Christian , Férec Claude , De Braekeleer Marc
Published: February 2011

Chromosomal rearrangements involving the ABL1 gene, leading to a BCR‐ABL1 fusion gene, have been mainly associated with chronic myeloid leukemia and B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). At present, six other genes have been shown to fuse to ABL1. The kinase domain of ABL1 is retained in all chimeric proteins that are also composed of the N‐terminal part of the partner protein that often includes a coiled‐coil or a helix‐loop‐helix domain. These latter domains allow oligomerization of the protein that is required for tyrosine kinase activation, cytoskeletal localization, and neoplastic transformation. Fusion genes that have a break in intron 1 or 2 (BCR‐ABL1, ETV6‐ABL1, ZMIZ1‐ABL1, EML1‐ABL1, and NUP214‐ABL1) have transforming activity, although NUP214‐ABL1 requires amplification to be efficient. The NUP214‐ABL1 gene is the second most prevalent fusion gene involving ABL1 in malignant hemopathies, with a frequency of 5% in T‐cell ALL. Both fusion genes (SFPQ‐ABL1 and RCSD1‐ABL1) characterized by a break in intron 4 of ABL1 are associated with B‐cell ALL, as the chimeric proteins lacked the SH2 domain of ABL1. Screening for ABL1 chimeric genes could be performed in patients with ALL, more particularly in those with T‐cell ALL because ABL1 modulates T‐cell development and plays a role in cytoskeletal remodeling processes in T cells.
The relative influence of spatial context and catchment‐ and site‐scale environmental factors on stream fish assemblages in a human‐modified landscape
Authors: Sály Péter , Takács Péter , Kiss István , Bíró Peter , Erős Tibor
Published: February 2011

Abstract –  Environmental factors act in a hierarchical manner at multiple spatial scales to influence the organisation of ecological assemblages; however, the relative influence of the different scale‐related factor groups is poorly known. We evaluated the importance of catchment‐scale and site‐scale environmental variables, as well as the spatial context of the sampling sites, in shaping stream fish assemblages in an agriculture‐dominated landscape in Hungary. Beside the variables describing spatial context (principal coordinates of a truncated distance matrix among sites), altogether 60 environmental variables were used to predict variability using a variance‐partitioning procedure in redundancy analysis. Presence–absence‐ and relative abundance‐based data were examined at two assemblage levels (entire assemblage and native assemblage) at 54 stream sites. Incorporation of spatial variables increased largely the total explained variability in case of relative abundance, but not for presence–absence data. Of the environmentally explained variance, catchment‐scale variables (e.g., land cover types, patch density) were relatively more influential for the native assemblage‐level analyses, than for analyses at the entire assemblage level, where site‐scale variables (e.g., altitude, depth) proved to be more influential. In addition, pure catchment‐ and pure site‐scale variables have the primary role in determining fish assemblage patterns, whereas the influence of shared variance and that of site‐scale riparian variables proved to be less important. Our findings demonstrate the importance of incorporating the spatial context of the sampling sites in predicting fish assemblage patterns and the effects of channelisation (dikes) in shaping assemblage–environment relationships in this human‐influenced landscape.
Clustering of Hi galaxies in the Hi Parkes All Sky Survey and Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey
Authors: Passmoor S. S. , Cress C. M. , Faltenbacher A.
Published: February 2011

We investigate the clustering of H i-selected galaxies in the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey (ALFALFA) and compare results with those obtained for the H i Parkes All Sky Survey (HIPASS). Measurements of the angular correlation function and the inferred 3D clustering are compared with results from direct spatial-correlation measurements. We are able to measure clustering on smaller angular scales and for galaxies with lower H i masses than was previously possible. We calculate the expected clustering of dark matter using the redshift distributions of the HIPASS and ALFALFA, and show that the ALFALFA sample is somewhat more antibiased with respect to dark matter than the HIPASS sample.
‘The Darling of the Temple‐Coffee‐House Club’: Science, Sociability and Satire in Early Eighteenth‐Century London
Authors: COULTON RICHARD
Published: February 2011

This article explores the relationship between metropolitan sociability and the production of natural knowledge in early eighteenth‐century London. It considers three discursive sites where the intellectual and sociable worlds converged: manuscript correspondence, the coffee‐house club and published research. Focusing on the Temple Coffee‐House Club's habits of scholarship and sociability, the argument examines the club's ongoing historical reception and its satirical depiction in William King's The Transactioneer. In the process this article re‐evaluates recent critical, methodological and historiographical debates concerning the changing institutional agenda of the Royal Society, natural philosophy and epistemological credit, and the archaeology of coffee‐house sociability.
Optimal job design in the presence of implicit contracts
Authors: Mukherjee Arijit , Vasconcelos Luis
Published: February 2011

We characterize the optimal job design in a multitasking environment when the firms use implicit contracts (i.e., bonus payments). Two natural forms of job design are compared: (i) individual assignment, where each agent is assigned to a particular job and (ii) team assignment, where a group of agents share responsibility for a job and are jointly accountable for its outcome. Team assignment mitigates the multitasking problem but may weaken the implicit contracts. The optimal job design follows a cutoff rule where only the firms with high reputation concerns opt for team assignment. However, the cutoff rule need not hold if the firm can combine implicit incentives with explicit pay‐per‐performance contracts.
Direct and indirect knowledge spillovers: the “social network” of open‐source projects
Authors: Fershtman Chaim , Gandal Neil
Published: February 2011

Knowledge spillovers are a central part of knowledge accumulation. The article focuses on spillovers that occur through the interaction between different researchers or developers who collaborate on different research projects. The article distinguishes between project spillovers and contributors’ spillovers and between direct and indirect spillovers. The article constructs a unique data set of open source software projects. The data identify the contributors who work on each project and thus enable us to construct a two‐mode network: a project network and a contributor network. The article demonstrates that the structure of these networks is associated with project success and that there is a positive association between project closeness centrality and project success. This suggests the existence of both direct and indirect project knowledge spillovers. We find no evidence for any association between contributor closeness centrality and project success, suggesting that contributor spillovers play a lesser role in project success.
Can herding improve investment decisions?
Authors: Khanna Naveen , Mathews Richmond D.
Published: February 2011

Existing models show that herding in decisions can cause significant information loss, inferior information aggregation, and impaired decision making. However, we show that in a multistage decision setting with endogenous information production, herding on the initial decision can actually result in superior aggregate information and improved decisions. This is because the possibility of herding by a follower incentivizes the leader to increase its ex ante information production to an extent that it can dominate the information loss from herding. Examples include decisions to enter new markets, fund R&D, and provide early‐stage venture capital.