bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La biblioteca imaginada. Un taller de Pep Carrió
Authors: Heras David
Published: May 2017

Desde el Máster en Diseño e Ilustración de la Universitat Politècnica de València se organizan talleres impartidos por profesionales de reconocido prestigio como es el caso de Pep Carrió. La generosidad y cercanía con la que comparten la experiencia acumulada durante años con alumnos y profesionales en ciernes es uno de los factores más apreciados por los asistentes.
Bilateral Ovarian Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Pilli Ganga S , Davanagere Reshma , Bannur Hema B , Suranagi Vijayalaxmi V
Published: May 2017

Ovarian cancer accounts for 6% of all cancers among women. The majority (85—90%) of malignant ovarian tumors are epithelial. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) has been described as a primary ovarian carcinoma in which definite urothelial features are present, but no benign, metaplastic, and/or proliferating Brenner tumor can be identified. It accounts for 1 to 2% of all ovarian tumors. Bilateral involvement is still rare. It is reported to be chemosensitive and has better prognosis than other types of common epithelial tumors of the ovary. Here we report a rare case of bilateral TCC of the ovary managed by staging operation, followed by postoperative chemotherapy.

How to cite this article

Bannur HB, Suranagi VV, Davanagere R, Pilli GS. Bilateral Ovarian Transitional Cell Carcinoma. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):195-196.
Antepartum Cortical Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Vaidyanathan Anjana , Bhuvana S
Published: May 2017

Cortical vein thrombosis is a rare antepartum diagnosis. Here we present a case report of a patient successfully managed throughout her pregnancy till puerperium.

How to cite this article

Vaidyanathan A, Bhuvana S. Antepartum Cortical Vein Thrombosis. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):200-202.
Predictive Value of Mean Platelet Volume in Variceal Bleeding due to Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension
Authors: Erdogan Mehmet A , Benli Ali R , Acmali Serap B , Koroglu Mustafa , Atayan Yahya , Danalioglu Ahmet , Kayhan Burcak
Published: May 2017

Aim

To investigate whether mean platelet volume (MPV) is a predictor of variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.

Materials and methods

This prospective cohort was performed in the internal medicine department of our tertiary care center. Cirrhotic patients were allocated into two groups: Group I consisted of 31 cases without a history of variceal bleeding, whereas group II was made up of 31 patients with a history of variceal bleeding. Data derived from medical history, physical examination, ultrasonography, gastrointestinal system endoscopy, complete blood count, hepatic, and renal function tests were recorded and compared between two groups. On physical examination, encephalopathy and ascites were evaluated and graded with respect to Child–Pugh–Turcotte classification.

Results

There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, duration of the disease, and gender of the patient. The only remarkable difference was that hemoglobin (p = 0.02) and hematocrit (p = 0.02) values were lower in group II. Neither the etiology of bleeding was different between groups nor did MPV seem to have a noteworthy impact on bleeding. Interestingly, risk of variceal bleeding increased in parallel to the higher grade of varices.

Conclusion

Our results imply that there is a correlation between the grade of varices and esophageal variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. However, association between MPV and variceal bleeding could not be demonstrated. Utilization of noninvasive tests as predictors in these patients necessitates further controlled trials on larger series.

How to cite this article

Erdogan MA, Benli AR, Acmali SB, Koroglu M, Atayan Y, Danalioglu A, Kayhan B. Predictive Value of Mean Platelet Volume in Variceal Bleeding due to Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):6-10.
Are Synbiotics added to the Standard Therapy to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in Children Beneficial? A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Şirvan Banu N , Usta Merve K , Kızılkan Nuray U , Urgancı Nafiye
Published: May 2017

Aim

We aimed to evaluate the role of the addition ofBifidobacterium lactis-containing synbiotic to the triple therapy in the case ofHelicobacter pylorieradication, the dyspeptic symptoms, and reducing the side effects of antibiotics.

Materials and methods

A total of 104 children aged between 5 and 17 years, who were histopathologically diagnosed withH. pyloriwere enrolled in this study, of whom 100 were included in the analysis. Patients were randomly classified into two groups. In the first group, 50 patients were administered amoxicillin + clarithromycin + lansoprazole for 14 days andB. lactis-containing synbiotic. In the second group, 50 patients were treated with the standard triple therapy. All patients were given information after completion of therapy.

Results

H. pylorieradication was achieved in 88% in group I who received standard therapy with additional synbiotic and 72% in group II (p = 0.046). The number of patients in the second group who suffered from abdominal pain between the 3rd and 14th day of the treatment was higher (p < 0.05). The addition of probiotics to the triple therapy significantly reduced the frequency of diarrhea, but no significant difference was detected in the frequency of metallic taste (p = 0.04, p = 0.418 respectively).

Conclusion

The addition of synbiotic to the triple therapy is effective for eradicatingH. pyloriinfection in children and is usually helpful to reduce or eliminate dyspeptic symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. This study suggest that improved tolerance to the eradication treatment also reduces the treatment failure by adding probiotics and encourages the future study using probiotic supplementation inH. pyloritreatment.

How to cite this article

Şirvan BN, Usta MK, Kızılkan NU, Urgancı N. Are Synbiotics added to the Standard Therapy to eradicateHelicobacter Pyloriin Children Beneficial? A Randomized Controlled Study. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):17-22.
Immunization against Viral Hepatitis B: Lessons Learnt from Kingdom of Cambodia
Authors: Samnang Chham , Sreng Bun , Vichit Ork , Vuthikol Yuong , Aun Chum
Published: May 2017

An account of immunization against hepatitis B virus in Cambodia is given.

How to cite this article

Sreng B, Vichit O, Vuthikol Y, Aun C, Samnang C. Immunization against Viral Hepatitis B: Lessons Learnt from Kingdom of Cambodia. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):43-47.
Managing Encephalopathy in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Gupta Tarana , Rathi Sahaj , Dhiman Radha K
Published: May 2017

In cirrhosis of liver, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) has an important impact on health-related quality of life. It is important to define whether HE is episodic, recurrent, or persistent; types A, B, or C; overt HE or covert HE; and spontaneous or precipitated. The overt HE is clinically evident and needs hospitalization. Nonabsorbable disaccharides, rifaximin, and probiotics are proven to be useful in the treatment of overt HE. Covert HE includes both minimal HE and grade I HE. It is not apparent on routine clinical examination. Presence of poor work productivity, increased accidental injuries on complex machinery and driving, etc., raise the suspicion of cognitive dysfunction. Specialized neurocognitive testing like psychometric HE, computerized tests like critical flicker frequency tests, inhibitory control tests, Stroop encephalopathy tests, and electroencephalography are needed to diagnose overt HE. Various studies have shown lactulose and rifaximin to be useful in overt HE. However, presence of persistent and recurrent HE in cirrhosis is an indication for liver transplant. Lactulose is effective both in improving reversal of minimal HE and in reducing the risk of development of overt HE.

How to cite this article:

Gupta T, Rathi S, Dhiman RK. Managing Encephalopathy in the Outpatient Setting. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):48-54.
Current Treatment of Acute and Chronic Hepatitis E Virus Infection: Role of Antivirals
Authors: Gupta Birendra P , Lama Thupten K
Published: May 2017

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection results in nearly 20 million new infections, resulting in 70,000 deaths globally each year. Previously thought as a disease limited to developing nations with poor sanitation and hygiene, it is increasingly recognized that even the most developed nations are not spared. A clear dichotomy in epidemiology of HEV is noted between developing and industrialized nations. The HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are common in Asia and Africa and are transmitted mainly by contaminated drinking water. Sporadic as well as large-scale epidemics of acute hepatitis have been noted with HEV genotype 1 infection in developing countries of Asia and Africa. On the contrary, HEV genotypes 3 and 4 are common in industrialized nations and unlike genotypes 1 and 2, they are transmitted by consumption of raw meat products, fruits, and blood transfusion. Large epidemics have not been reported with HEV genotypes 3 and 4 and manifestation is usually indolent, though severe acute hepatitis has been reported.

How to cite this article:

Shrestha A, Gupta BP, Lama TK. Current Treatment of Acute and Chronic Hepatitis E Virus Infection: Role of Antivirals. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):73-77.
Scrotal Cystocele in a Sliding Left Inguinoscrotal Hernia: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Mohan Ambikavathy , Srinivasan Kumar
Published: May 2017

Inguinoscrotal bladder herniation has a reported incidence of 1 to 4%. Although small bladder herniations are noted at the time of inguinal hernia repair, large bladder herniation into the scrotum is rare. These patients have a unique presentation of signs and symptoms. We report a case of a male patient of age 64 years who had a large inguinoscrotal hernia with bladder. He successfully underwent hernioplasty after repositioning of the bladder. Now, he is symptom-free and on follow-up.

How to cite this article:

Mohan A, Srinivasan K. Scrotal Cystocele in a Sliding Left Inguinoscrotal Hernia: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):87-88.
Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of the Spleen: An uncommon Cause of Abdominal Pain
Authors: Atas Hakan , Bulus Hakan , Akkurt Gökhan
Published: May 2017

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) is a rare and benign lesion arising from the red pulp of the spleen, with an unknown etiopathogenesis. These tumors are usually asymptomatic or cause nonspecific abdominal pain. Most SANTs are found incidentally on radiographic examination, or during surgery for an unrelated condition. Therefore, high clinical suspicion is of great importance for the diagnosis. Splenectomy provides complete cure, and no recurrence and/or malignant transformation was reported to date. In this study, a rare case of SANT was reported in a young adult male, and was discussed with the relevant literature.

How to cite this article

Atas H, Bulus H, Akkurt G. Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of the Spleen: An uncommon Cause of Abdominal Pain. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):89-91.
Simultaneous Immunoglobulin G4-associated Autoimmune Hepatitis and Autoimmune Pancreatitis
Authors: Yilmaz Birnur , Kiziltas Safak , Yildiz Semsi , Gümüs Burçak , Çevik Halime
Published: May 2017

How to cite this article

Yilmaz B, Kiziltas S, Yildiz S, Gümüs B, Çevik H. Simultaneous Immunoglobulin G4-associated Autoimmune Hepatitis and Autoimmune Pancreatitis. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):95-96.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus in a Tea Garden of Bangladesh
Authors: Akhter Shamima , Mollick Kutub U , Uddin Mohammad H
Published: May 2017

Introduction

The overall health status of workers of tea garden of Bangladesh is below the national standard. Also, almost nothing has been reported about status of hepatitis virus infection among these population and there is also a lack of consensus.

Materials and methods

Several health-related facts, especially those of liver diseases, were collected from 130 workers of tea garden via questionnaire. Sera were also collected from these subjects to assess positivity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype was also done using genotype-specific primers in HBsAg-positive sera.

Results

Out of 130 tea garden workers, 5 were positive for HBsAg; however, none was reactive to anti-HCV. Genotyping of HBV deoxyribonucleic acid of 4 sera samples revealed that 2 belonged to genotype A, 1 to genotype C, and 1 to genotype D. Various risk factors were documented in HBV-infected subjects by analyzing the questionnaire.

Conclusion

Hepatitis B virus in considerable high percentage is prevalent among workers of tea garden in Bangladesh, and immediate vaccination against HBV should be employed. Also, health education system should be accentuated in specific population like tea garden workers.

How to cite this article

Al Mahtab M, Akhter S, Mollick KU, Uddin MH, Khan SI, Akbar SMF. Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus in a Tea Garden of Bangladesh. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):107-110.
Comparative Study of Efficacy between Platelet-rich Plasma vs Corticosteroid Injection in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis
Authors: Gopinath KM , Chowdry Madhuram , Kumar BNR , Kanmani TR
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Tennis elbow is a common condition with unpromising several modalities of treatment. Many of these are not aimed at treating the disease process. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains biological healing factors and shows promising results in tendinopathies.

In this study, our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of autologous PRPvssteroid injection in the treatment of chronic recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis.

Materials and methods

A prospective randomized control trial was conducted in our tertiary care hospital. Sixty patients with chronic lateral humeral epicondylitis, not responding to oral medications, tennis elbow belt, and physiotherapy, aged between 18 and 60 years were included in the study. Patients were randomized into PRP or steroid injection group based on a computer-generated block randomization chart. All patients had a baseline assessment including visual analog pain scores, Disability assessment of Shoulder and Hand score (DASH), and Nirschl (Injury, Prevention, Cure and Care – Nirschl Pain Phase Scale of Athletic Overuse Injuries) scores, and the same was repeated at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postintervention.

Results

Steroid treatment shows better outcome in short-term (p < 0.001) and PRP shows better outcome in long-term (p < 0.001) follow-up. All three scores – visual analog score (VAS), DASH, Nirschl – showed significant linear improvement with PRP treatment, whereas with steroid injection initially there was significant improvement up to 3 months and later recurrence of symptoms. No complications were noted with PRP injection.

Conclusion

Use of autologous PRP injections for the management of lateral epicondylitis has better long-term outcomes compared with steroid injection in terms of VAS, DASH, and Nirschl scores. Also in our trial we had no recurrence of symptoms in the PRP group, whereas pain recurred in six patients in steroid group and was treated successfully with PRP.

How to cite this article

Chowdry M, Gopinath KM, Kumar BNR, Kanmani TR. Comparative Study of Efficacy between Platelet-rich PlasmavsCorticosteroid Injection in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis. J Med Sci 2017;3(1):1-5.
Factors influencing Noncompliance to Treatment among Elderly in the Urban Field Practice Area of RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka
Authors: Rajitha T , Parasuramalu BG
Published: May 2017

Noncompliance to medication is a leading issue and a huge burden in our current health care system. Poor adherence has shown to decrease the effects of prescribed medications or other treatments and increase the likelihood of poor outcomes. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban field practice area of RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, among all the elderly aged ≥60 years, using a semistructured and pretested questionnaire. The study included 153 elderly participants, among whom 89 were males and 64 were females. Out of the 153 participants, 125 (81.69%) had some or the other illness. Out of the 125 who were ill, only 78 (62.4%) were taking treatment regularly. The remaining 47 (37.6%) were noncompliant to treatment. The main factors for noncompliance were forgetfulness 16 (34%) and symptomatic improvement 10 (21.3%).

How to cite this article

Rajitha T, Parasuramalu BG. Factors influencing Noncompliance to Treatment among Elderly in the Urban Field Practice Area of RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka. J Med Sci 2017;3(1):11-14.
Study of Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in Patients with Prediabetes and Type II Diabetes Mellitus with Special Reference to Carotid Intima–media Thickness
Authors: Bhosale Anita , Krishna MV , Das Suraj , Gautam M
Published: May 2017

Background

The present study was carried out to study various atherosclerotic risk factors in prediabetes and type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, with special reference to carotid artery intima–media thickness (CIMT). The mean value of CIMT as an indicator of early atherosclerosis was determined and the various atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with prediabetes and type II DM were studied.

Materials and methods

A Comparative two group study was conducted involving 50 patients each with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the age group of 30 to 65 years, Confirmed by FPG/2hour PG/HbA1C/Random plasma glucose values according to ADA criteria, over a period of one year. The study consisted of interview regarding demographic profiles, vascular risk factors, fundoscopy and investigation like FPG, 2hour PG with OGTT, HbA1C, lipid profile, Renal function tests, urine for microalbuminuria, ECG, 2DECHO and CIMT Measurement using B mode ultrasonography.

Results

The association between age of the patients and occurrence of type II DM and prediabetes was found to be statistically significant. Mean duration of type II DM in our study was 6.64 ± 6.71 years. 66% Diabetics and 62% Pre-Diabetics had a BMI over 23. Mean TGs levels in diabetics and Pre-diabetics where 268 mg/dl and 193mg/dl respectively. Mean CIMT in Diabetics and Pre-diabetics were 0.81mm and 0.67mm respectively. Incidence of hypertension in diabetics and Pre-diabetics were 30% and 26% respectively. CIMT had a positive association with hypertension, smoking, and a moderate significance with alcohol use.

Conclusion

The present study emphasizes on the role of CIMT measurement as a routine investigation among diabetics and pre-diabetics for early recognition of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk reduction.

How to cite this article

Bhosale A, Krishna MV, Suraj D, Gautam M. Study of Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in Patients with Prediabetes and Type II Diabetes Mellitus with Special Reference to Carotid Intima–media Thickness. J Med Sci 2017;3(1):15-19.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices regarding Awareness of Biomedical Waste Management among Health Care Personnel: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Prashanth VK , Jadhav HC , Dodamani AS , Dodamani GA , Vishwakarma AP
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Waste generated due to health care practice is a subset of hazardous biomedical waste (BMW). Health care practices generate large amounts of cotton, plastic, latex, glass, sharps, extracted teeth, and other materials, which may be contaminated with body fluids.

Objectives

The objectives are to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices of health care personnel regarding BMW management and to determine awareness regarding needle-stick injury among different categories of health care professionals.

Materials and methods

The present cross-sectional study includes health care personnel in A.C.P.M. Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India. A structured, self-administered questionnaire consisting of 15 closed-ended questions was employed to 100 staff (nurses, lab technicians, and class IV employees). Among all, 80 responded and willingly participated in the survey and filled the questionnaire.

Results

The results of the present study showed that there is remarkable difference between the knowledge, attitude, and practices of nurses, laboratory technicians, and class IV employees regarding BMW management. Also, there is lack of awareness regarding needle-stick injuries.

Conclusion

Present study showed lack of knowledge and awareness toward BMW management. As a consequence, there is an inappropriate practice of BMW handling and management, thus exposing themselves and the general public to health and environment hazards.

How to cite this article

Prashanth VK, Jadhav HC, Dodamani AS, Dodamani GA, Kshirsagar MM, Vishwakarma AP. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices regarding Awareness of Biomedical Waste Management among Health Care Personnel: A Cross-sectional Survey. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2017;11(1):8-12.
Year-round records of bulk and size-segregated aerosol composition
in central Antarctica (Concordia site) Part 1: Fractionation of sea-salt
particles
Authors: Legrand Michel , Preunkert Susanne , Wolff Eric , Weller Rolf , Jourdain Bruno , Wagenbach Dietmar
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Multiple year-round records of bulk and size-segregated composition of aerosol were obtained at the inland site of Concordia located at Dome C in East Antarctica. In parallel, sampling of acidic gases on denuder tubes was carried out to quantify the concentrations of HCl and HNO3 present in the gas phase. These time-series are used to examine aerosol present over central Antarctica in terms of chloride depletion relative to sodium with respect to freshly emitted sea-salt aerosol as well as depletion of sulfate relative to sodium with respect to the composition of seawater. A depletion of chloride relative to sodium is observed over most of the year, reaching a maximum of ~ 20 ng m−3 in spring when there are still large sea-salt amounts and acidic components start to recover. The role of acidic sulfur aerosol and nitric acid in replacing chloride from sea-salt particles is here discussed. HCl is found to be around twice more abundant than the amount of chloride lost by sea-salt aerosol, suggesting that either HCl is more efficiently transported to Concordia than sea-salt aerosol or reemission from the snow pack over the Antarctic plateau represents an additional significant HCl source. The size-segregated composition of aerosol collected in winter (from 2006 to 2011) indicates a mean sulfate to sodium ratio of sea-salt aerosol present over central Antarctica of 0.16 ± 0.05, suggesting that, on average, the sea-ice and open ocean emissions equally contribute to sea-salt aerosol load of the inland Antarctic atmosphere. The temporal variability of the sulfate depletion relative to sodium was examined at the light of air mass backward trajectories, showing an overall decreasing trend of the ratio (i.e. a stronger sulfate depletion relative to sodium) when air masses arriving at Dome C had travelled a longer time over sea-ice than over open-ocean. The findings are shown to be useful to discuss sea-salt ice records extracted at deep drilling sites located inland Antarctica.
Optimal Estimation of Water Vapour Profiles using a Combination of Raman Lidar and Microwave Radiometer
Authors: Foth Andreas , Pospichal Bernhard
Published: May 2017

Abstract. In this work, a two-step algorithm to obtain water vapour profiles from a combination of Raman lidar and microwave radiometer is presented. Both instruments were applied during an intensive two-month measurement campaign (HOPE) close to Jülich, western Germany, during spring 2013. To retrieve reliable water vapour information from inside or above the cloud a two-step algorithm is applied. The first step is a Kalman filter that extends the profiles, truncated at cloud base, to the full height range (up to 10 km) by combining previous information and current measurement. Then the complete water vapour profile serves as input to the one-dimensional variational (1D-VAR) method, also known as optimal estimation. A forward model simulates the brightness temperatures which would be observed by the microwave radiometer for the given atmospheric state. The profile is iteratively modified according to its error bars until the modelled and the actually measured brightness temperatures sufficiently agree. The functionality of the retrieval is presented in detail by means of case studies under different conditions. A statistical analysis shows that the availability of Raman lidar data (night) improves the accuracy of the profiles even under cloudy conditions. During the day, the absence of lidar data results in larger differences in comparison to reference radiosondes. The data availability of the full height water vapour lidar profiles of 17 % during the two-month campaign is significantly enhanced to 60 % by applying the retrieval. The bias with respect to radiosonde and the retrieved a posteriori uncertainty of the retrieved profiles clearly show that the application of the Kalman filter considerably improves the accuracy and quality of the retrieved mixing ratio profiles.
Seasonal effects of photophysiology and chlorophyll a abundance on phytoplankton group-specific primary production in the Kuroshio region as revealed by SeaStar/SeaWiFS
Authors: Hirata Takafumi , Suzuki Koji
Published: May 2017

Abstract. To evaluate the group-specific primary production of diatoms, haptophytes, and cyanobacteria in the Kuroshio region, a novel satellite observation methodology using the SeaStar/SeaWiFS satellite instrument was developed. The method used bio-optical relationships between the group-specific production and bio-optical properties such as the photosynthetic quantum yield and chlorophyll a specific optical absorption coefficient of phytoplankton, the last two of which were also estimated together with the group-specific production rather than assumed a priori. A global property of the absorption coefficient of phytoplankton, that the coefficient value at the wavelength of 510 nm was close to their spectral average, was highlighted in the method for a use of multi-spectral ocean color satellite data. Our results showed that the derived quantum yield index was higher for diatoms than haptophytes and cyanobacteria. Furthermore, intraspecific variation in the index, emerged as a latitudinal gradient: the values for cyanobacteria increased towards the higher latitudes. The group-specific primary production in the Kuroshio region showed that the climatological average of 134, 72 and 40 mg C m−2 day−1 for diatoms, haptophytes, and cyanobacteria, respectively. A comparison among variability of the group-specific primary production, the quantum yield index, and the absorption coefficient suggested that, in the Kuroshio region, the primary production due to diatoms was driven by their abundance through the year, whereas that due to cyanobacteria by photophysiology. The production due to haptophytes was seasonally regulated by both abundance and photophysiology.
Characterizing drought by change in precipitation-runoff
relationship: a case study of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Feng Xiaoming , Wang Xiaofeng , Fu Bojie
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The frequency and intensity of drought is increasing dramatically with global warming. Yet, few studies have characterized drought from its impact on the ecosystem services, the mechanisms through which ecosystems support life. As a result, little is known about the implications of increased drought on resource management. This case study characterizes drought by linking climate anomaly with the change in precipitation-runoff relationships, in the Loess Plateau of China, a water-limited region where re-vegetation in the area makes drought a major concern. We analyze droughts with duration greater than 5 years and annual precipitation anomalies more negative than −5 %, we found that continuous precipitation shifts is able to change watershed water balance in the water limited area, multi-year drought caused the precipitation-runoff relationship to change with a significantly descending trend (p
Contracts, Causation, and Clarity
Authors: O'Gorman Daniel P.
Published: May 2017

Contract-law remedies start with the assumption that an injured party should be fully compensated for all losses caused by the breach. As in tort law, however, difficult issues regarding the cause of an injured party’s loss sometimes arise, including situations in which multiple factors might have caused the loss. And, like tort law, contract law is reluctant to apply the principle of full compensation when the loss was caused by multiple factors.Multiple factors contributing to a particular loss often suggest the existence of principles competing with contract law’s goal of full compensation. For example, the law seeks to avoid unlimited liability for losses caused by the breach (particularly if the loss was a remote consequence of the breach) to encourage parties to take reasonable actions to reduce losses caused by breach, and to urge parties to disclose, during contract negotiations, any special circumstances that would cause the loss from breach to be greater than ordinarily expected. Accommodating the full- compensation principle and these competing principles is the primary function of the rules of contract damages.Contract law furthers these principles that compete with the full-compensation principle not through a single doctrine, but through a general causation requirement plus the three limitations on an award of damages: the limitations of certainty, avoidability, and foreseeability, with each governing different aspects of causation. A problem, however, with treating causation issues under multiple doctrines is that courts and attorneys are sometimes confused about which doctrine applies, and doctrines are sometimes used in a manner that addresses a problem designed to be addressed by a different doctrine. This Article clarifies causation analysis in contract law and proposes a coherent framework for such an analysis. Part I discusses common situations in which a causation issue arises in contract cases. Part II discusses the role each of the three limitations on contract damages plays in causation analysis. Part III proposes a coherent framework for analysis. Part IV is a brief conclusion.
Virginia Woolf y la nueva amenaza bélica: del silencio narrativo a la voz de la sibila
Authors: Cortés Vieco Francisco José
Published: May 2017

La Gran Guerra alertó a muchos escritores de la posible réplica de un nuevo derramamiento de sangre en décadas posteriores. El fascismo, el rearme militar y la endeble paz en Europa durante los años treinta confirmaron este temor y borraron el silencio narrativo de Virginia Woolf, quien articulará su voz de sibila para prevenir o confirmar la inminente guerra. Mientras que esta escalada de violencia abrazaba ideales patrióticos o ambiciones totalitarias, la exclusión de la mujer de la vida pública imposibilitaba su mediación conciliadora ante cualquier contienda. «three Guineas» formulará el utópico tándem entre pacifismo y feminismo como antídoto ante las amenazas (auto)destructivas en la alianza entre belicismo y patriarcado. Sin embargo, el pesimismo premonitorio del ensayo sugiere que la distopia sociopolítica de ese momento histórico entorpecía la administración de esta panacea a la humanidad, y profetiza el pánico del pueblo inglés ante los bombardeos nazis durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
La División Azul novelada: los casos de Ida y vuelta (1946), de Antonio José Hernández Navarro, y división 250 (1954), de Tomás Salvador
Authors: Guzmán Mora Jesús
Published: May 2017

Al regresar de la Segunda Guerra Mundial varios de los miembros de la División Azul reflejaron por escrito su experiencia dentro del derrotado ejército alemán. Estas novelas fueron publicadas para difundir la propaganda anticomunista y evitar el olvido del grupo durante la dictadura franquista. Dos interesantes casos fueron las novelas Ida y vuelta (Antonio José Hernández Navarro, 1946) y División 250 (Tomás Salvador, 1954). Se parte de estos dos textos con la intención de detectar los tópicos presentes en la literatura divisionaria.
Memorias de la Segunda Guerra Mundial en o reino de Gonçalo M. Tavares
Authors: Lasci Maria Laura
Published: May 2017

Set during and after the Second World War and also incorporating a description of the Holocaust, the tetralogy O Reino by Portuguese writer Gonçalo M. Tavares uses parody to deal with recognizable sets of discursive traditions, social practices and emblematic figures which make up cultural memories related to the war. Such parody forces readers to go beyond rigorous categorizations and to perceive the heterogeneity of experiences behind memorialization. It ultimately helps to rethink the conceptual basis of both individual and collective memory, namely the notions of subject, object and of society.
A la espera: la «drôle de guerre» en un balcon en forêt
Authors: Isusi Garteizgogeascoa Jorge
Published: May 2017

Se propone a continuación un breve comentario a una de las novelas emblemáticas de Julien Gracq, a partir de la propia experiencia del autor durante la llamada «drôle de guerre». Se trata de dar cuenta de en qué medida transfiguró Gracq dicha experiencia al trasponerla a la ficción, así como de analizar algunos de los rasgos estructurales, temáticos y estilísticos más característicos de la obra.
Vietnam desde el salón: la poesía de guerra de Denise Levertov
Authors: Ortiz Barroso Elisa
Published: May 2017

En el contexto asiático de la Guerra Fría, Estados Unidos decide intervenir en Vietnam, convirtiendo el conflicto civil en una disputa internacional cuyos estragos serán televisados en occidente. Surge entonces la poesía de guerra de Denise Levertov, escritora y activista política que reivindica en su obra la responsabilidad del artista para/con su contexto sociopolítico, y que intentará con su obra no solo cuestionar la intervención militar en Vietnam, sino también desafiar la pasividad del espectador originada en la distancia que separa la realidad del salón norteamericano, iluminado por el televisor, de las escenas desoladoras que se ven en la pantalla.
La patrulla multiétnica en la Segunda Guerra Mundial: nuevas perspectivas sobre el cine de combate
Authors: Sánchez Barba Francesc
Published: May 2017

Se repasa aquí la evolución del cine de la Segunda Guerra Mundial que tiene como centro la peripecia de un pequeño grupo de soldados –patrulla o escuadrón– sometido a la tensión del combate y que presentan orígenes culturales diversos. así mismo se revisarán aportaciones como las de Quentin Tarantino (Malditos bastardos, 2009) o David ayer (Corazones de acero, 2014) en las que la violencia y el deseo de venganza son síntomas del desencanto y el pesimismo ante los conflictos bélicos actuales.
Internationalization of Higher Education in Kazakhstan
Authors: Bekbauova Dinara , Iddrisu Issah , Suleiman Amran Said , Suy Rathny , Islamjanova Aigul
Published: May 2017

Over the past ten years, internationalization of higher education has become a priority in Kazakhstan’s educational policy. The importance of internationalization is reflected by the increasing exchange of students and scientists, the emergence of many international programmes and collaboration of universities, increased funding for students and research projects. This work deals with the internationalization of higher education, therefore, begins with the concept of this phenomenon, explained the role of internationalization of higher education in Kazakhstan, and also discussed the changes occurring in the education system of Kazakhstan and its current state. The accession of Kazakhstan to the Bologna process, as well studied Kazakhstan’s efforts for internationalization of higher education.
Treatment of Chromium Pollution by the Reductase Enzyme Generated by a Chromium-Resistant Bacterium Isolated in Dewatering Sludge
Authors: Nguema Paul Fabrice , Luo Zejiao , Mounir Zachari Mohamadou , Jun Ma
Published: May 2017

An efficient Cr (VI)-resistant and reducing bacterial strain was successfully isolated in dewatering sludge collected from a sewage treatment plant, and characterized in vitro Cr (VI) reduction through a reductase enzyme. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA gene sequencing revealed that the newly isolated strain namely Pf-1 was closely related to Bacillus cereus. The strain almost reduced 0.17 mM Cr (VI) within 24h incubation and the presence of different substrates such as glucose, sucrose, or acetate significantly enhanced the reduction rate of Cr (VI) to Cr (III). However, addition of the same substrate at the stationary phase of the microbial growth increased the reduction rate as well as bacterial growth. Additionally, raising the concentration of thiosulfate in the medium doubled the reduction rate under similar conditions. Assay with different fractions of the cells demonstrated that the reductase enzyme activity was mainly associated with the cytoplasmic fraction. The maximum activity was 23.3 µM h-1 mg-1 protein and was obtained at the Cr (VI) concentration of 2 mM. The promising strain can be efficiently employed for bioremediation of Cr (VI) polluted sites.
Changes in Colour, Strength and Chemical Properties of Oil Heat Treated 18-Years Old Planted Acacia mangium
Authors: Wahab Razak , Ghani Ros Syazmini M. , Samsi Hashim W. , Rasat Mohd Sukhairi M.
Published: May 2017

This study was carried to investigate changes in the oil heat treated 18-years old of planted Acacia mangium. Harvested trees segregated into bottom, middle and top portions containing heartwood and sapwood were oil heat treated in stainless tank with palm crude oil as heating medium at temperatures of 180oC, 200oC and 220oC for 30, 60 and 90 minutes respectively. The evaluation of the changes in the wood were performed by standards using a Minolta Chroma Meter, TAPPI Standard T204 om-88, TAPPI Standard T203 cm-99, TAPPI Standard T222 cm-02, and BS EN 310:1993 static bending tests. The relationship between the changes in the colour, mechanical and chemical composition, were made using correlation analysis. The result showed oil-heat treatment reduced the lightness of the wood and darkened the both parts of the wood. The strength of the wood reduced slightly after the oil-heat treatment. In the chemical compositions, the percentages of the holocellulose, α-cellulose, hemicellulose and extractive contents decrease with the increase in treatment duration and temperature. The oil heat treatment process at 200°C for duration 60 minutes is recommended for acacia mangium wood as it improved the colour of Acacia mangium and standardized the colour of sapwood and heartwood. The loss in strength at this temperature and duration is acceptable as the treated wood only loss up to 15% strength in MOR and 10.7% in MOE.
Translanguaging as a teaching resource in early language learning of English as a an additional language (EAL)
Authors: Portolés Laura , Martí Otilia
Published: May 2017

Traditionally, language teaching has been grounded on a monolingual bias and the strict separation of languages has been conceived as a requirement to ensure foreign language learning success. However, the flexible use of one’s linguistic repertoire, known as translanguaging, has also proven beneficial in EFL settings (vid. Jones & Lewis, 2014).The present study aims at examining translanguaging practices in early language learning taking into account the functions proposed by García et al. (2011). Qualitative data were collected in 3 sessions of English for 25 Valencian kindergarteners. Participants (aged 4-5) were in their second year at a Catalan-immersion school, where other two languages are taught as media of instruction (Spanish and English).Results depict how very young language learners use their L1, L2 and L3 strategically in order to serve different communicative functions, without compromising their exposure to the target language (i.e. English). As a conclusion, we argue that a monolingual approach to teaching English as an additional language (EAL) is not a realistic picture of learners’ linguistic behaviour both inside and outside the classroom in multilingual settings.
Comparison of cerebrovascular reactivity tests: a pilot human study
Authors: Bodo Michael , Mahon Richard , Razumovsky Alex , Kouperberg Efim , Crimmins Michael , Armonda Rocco , Baruch Martin
Published: May 2017

In neurosurgery intensive care units, cerebrovascular reactivity tests for neuromonitoring are used to evaluate the status of cerebral blood flow autoregulation; lack of autoregulation indicates a poor patient outcome. The goal of neuromonitoring is to prevent secondary injuries following a primary central nervous system injury, when the brain is vulnerable to further compromise due to hypoxia, ischemia and disturbances in cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure. Ideally, neuromonitoring would be noninvasive and continuous. This study compares cerebrovascular reactivity monitored by rheoencephalography, a noninvasive continuous monitoring modality, to cerebrovascular reactivity measured by currently used neuromonitoring modalities: transcranial Doppler, near infrared spectroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry. Fourteen healthy volunteer subjects were measured. The tests used for comparison of cerebrovascular reactivity were breath-holding, hyperventilation, CO2 inhalation, the Valsalva maneuver, and the Trendelenburg and reverse Trendelenburg positions. Data for all modalities measured were recorded by computers and processed off line. All measured modalities reflected cerebrovascular reactivity with variabilities. Breath-holding, CO2 inhalation, and the Valsalva maneuver caused CO2 increase and consequent brain vasodilatation; hyperventilation caused CO2 decrease and brain vasoconstriction. The Trendelenburg and reverse Trendelenburg positions caused extracranial blood volume changes, which masked intracranial cerebrovascular reactivity. The hyperventilation test proved ineffective for measuring cerebrovascular reactivity with rheoencephalography due to respiratory artifacts. Some discrepancies among the
Práticas curriculares em uma escola de ensino médio no Estado da Bahia
Authors: Eugenio Benedito
Published: May 2017

O texto apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa etnográfica realizada em uma escola de ensino médio, que objetivou analisar como ocorre o processo de recontextualização de uma política curricular. Os dados são discutidos tomando como base alguns conceitos propostos pelo sociólogo Basil Bernstein e apontam as contribuições deste autor para o entendimento da prática pedagógica no interior da sala de aula..
A humanização da criança na educação infantil: implicações da teoria histórico-cultural
Authors: Vicentini Dayanne , Barros Marta Silene Ferreira
Published: May 2017

O presente estudo tem como objetivo discutir o processo de humanização da criança na educação Infantil a partir da concepção dos professores, sob a perspectiva materialista dialética e Histórico-Cultural.  Procuramos responder a seguinte indagação: qual é o papel da escola infantil no processo de humanização da criança? Via de regra, as instituições de ensino infantis inseridas no contexto capitalista, acabam por perpetuar ideologias conservadoras, formando o indivíduo unilateral a serviço do mercado de trabalho. Para a realização da pesquisa, utilizamos o questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados, a fim de conhecer a concepção do professor sobre o papel da escola na humanização das crianças. Diante disso, acredita-se que a formação omnilateral da criança pequena possibilitará seu acesso ao conhecimento elaborado e à apropriação das máximas qualidades humanas.
Donald Trump as a cultural revolt against perceived communication restriction: Priming political correctness norms causes more Trump support
Authors: Conway Lucian Gideon , Repke Meredith A. , Houck Shannon C.
Published: May 2017

Donald Trump has consistently performed better politically than his negative polling indicators suggested he would. Although there is a tendency to think of Trump support as reflecting ideological conservatism, we argue that part of his support during the election came from a non-ideological source: The preponderant salience of norms restricting communication (Political Correctness – or PC – norms). This perspective suggests that these norms, while successfully reducing the amount of negative communication in the short term, may produce more support for negative communication in the long term. In this framework, support for Donald Trump was in part the result of over-exposure to PC norms. Consistent with this, on a sample of largely politically moderate Americans taken during the General Election in the Fall of 2016, we show that temporarily priming PC norms significantly increased support for Donald Trump (but not Hillary Clinton). We further show that chronic emotional reactance towards restrictive communication norms positively predicted support for Trump (but not Clinton), and that this effect remains significant even when controlling for political ideology. In total, this work provides evidence that norms that are designed to increase the overall amount of positive communication can actually backfire by increasing support for a politician who uses extremely negative language that explicitly violates the norm.