bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les crayons de la morale : alcool et caricature
Authors: Nourrisson Didier
Published: February 2018

La caricature est apparue au XVIème siècle comme contrepoint du beau selon les canons de la Renaissance. L'image du buveur a été aussitôt récupérée comme formulation idéale de la difformité. Et depuis lors, l'un des éléments du comique iconique, du tableau à la B.D. ou à la carte postale, emprunte régulièrement au trop boire. Le XIXème siècle voit une utilisation nouvelle de la « pocharderie » dans l'art. Siècle d'une alcoolisation grandissante, il fait jouer à l'alcool un rôle important dans la satire des moeurs. Siècle de la démocratisation du vote, il recourt à la boisson et aux images de l'alcool pour disqualifier l'adversaire politique. Enfin, siècle de la remise en ordre des comportements « déviants » par le développement de l'hygiénisme, il dénonce les pratiques alcooliques et stigmatise les buveurs, recourant pour cela aux meilleurs dessinateurs du temps. Le ridicule du comportement d'alcoolisation, désormais qualifié d'alcoolisme, est mis en valeur par la caricature et sert la cause – ô combien morale – de l'antialcoolisme.
Alcool et ilotes
Authors: Lefebvre Thierry
Published: February 2018

A travers l'analyse précise des Victimes de l'alcoolisme, court film produit par la Compagnie générale de phonographes, cinématographes et appareils de précision (Pathé) en 1902, l'auteur tente de mettre en évidence certaines représentations dominantes de l'alcoolisme, et plus largement de l'hygiène publique, au début du siècle.
Autoimmune Hepatitis in Children
Authors: Pathak Saumya , Kamat Deepak
Published: February 2018

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated, inflammatory liver disease. Clinical presentation of AIH in children is highly variable. It can present acutely, chronically, or silently. There are two main types of AIH—type 1 and type 2, which are differentiated and defined by the presence of specific autoantibodies. AIH eventually progresses to cirrhosis when left untreated, and occasionally even with treatment. AIH must be suspected and excluded in all children presenting with signs of acute, prolonged, or severe liver disease. The diagnosis of AIH is made by a combination of clinical manifestations, laboratory evaluation, histopathology, and the exclusion of other more common liver diseases. The best outcome for AIH is dependent on early diagnosis as well as early initiation of immunosuppressant therapy.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(2):e81–e86.]
L’infante e il sarcofago delle Muse dall'Isola Sacra
Authors: Bondioli Luca , Germoni Paola , Rossi Paola Francesca
Published: February 2018

Il sarcofago delle Muse ha rivelato la presenza di un unico individuo. Un sottile strato di sedimento finissimo composto in larga parte di sabbia ricopriva i resti odontoscheletrici relativi ad un infante di sesso indeterminato e di età compresa tra i 5 e i 6 anni. L’esame macro e microscopico dei resti indica che l’individuo era interessato da un precario stato di salute sin dalle primissime fasi del suo sviluppo, ben identificabile nei difetti di accrescimento dello smalto dentario, analizzati mediante esame istologico dei tessuti dentari, su vetrino e con l’ausilio dell’analisi digitale di immagini. Il corredo funerario era composto da 2 anelli in oro, un chiodo in ferro ed una moneta in bronzo. La giacitura degli oggetti conferma le particolari modalità di sepoltura dell’infante, iniziato a culti misterici, come risulta dalla parola ΜΥΣΤΙΚ sul cartiglio di uno degli anelli.
Viabilità e utilizzo del territorio. Il suburbio sud-orientale di Ostia alla luce dei recenti rinvenimenti archeologici
Authors: Pannuzi Simona
Published: February 2018

Questo contributo intende analizzare le modalità di uso del territorio ed il problema della viabilità antica nell’area suburbana sud-orientale della città romana di Ostia, alla luce dei recenti rinvenimenti archeologici. Il suburbio ostiense risultava condizionato da una serie di elementi naturali : il mare ad ovest, lo Stagno ad est ed il corso fluviale con il meandro a nord. In età imperiale in questo territorio possono individuarsi differenti settori in relazione al loro utilizzo, anche a causa dei vincoli idrogeologici. In particolare, possono distinguersi una vasta area utilizzata a scopo funerario nella zona sud-orientale e lungo il lato meridionale dell’antica via Ostiense ed un’area invece rivolta alle attività commerciali presso il meandro del Tevere, mentre lungo le due sponde del lungo Stagno si praticavano attività agricole ed artigianali, anche connesse con strutture residenziali, condizionate dalla sistemazione del terreno paludoso con caratteristiche opere di bonifica idraulica con anfore.
Celebrazioni ad Ostia: la scelta del giorno per le dediche pubbliche, le inaugurazioni e altri eventi collettivi
Authors: Bruun Christer
Published: February 2018

L’articolo dimostra che nelle iscrizioni di Ostia le dediche precisamente datate sono proporzionalmente più frequenti che in qualunque altra città romana; il risultato costituisce una novità. La maggior parte delle dediche cade nei giorni delle Kalendae, degli Idus, e nei giorni che venivano celebrati come dies natalis dell’imperatore regnante o di qualche suo erede. Quindi le inagurazioni di edifici e di altri monumenti potevano contare su un grande interesse di pubblico, e gli eventi dedicatori svolgevano un’importante funzione per quanto riguarda la mobilitazione della popolazione ; in pari tempo la scelta del giorno dava dimostrazione del favore degli Ostiensi nei confronti del governo imperiale.
Optimization of MRR and Surface Roughness of AlMg3 (AA5754) Alloy in CNC Lathe Machine by Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Chaturvedi Poornesh Kumar , Narang Harendra Kumar , Sahu Atul Kumar
Published: February 2018

Quality of the product is the major concern in manufacturing industries from customers as well as producers point of view. There are number of factors in the product such as surface condition, height, weight, length, width etc., which may be consider for the measurement of the quality. Surface roughness and Metal Removal Rate (MRR) are the two main outcomes on which numerous researchers have applied different approaches for several years to get optimum results. In this study, Taguchi Method is applied for getting optimum parameters settings for Surface roughness and Metal Removal Rate (MRR) in case of turning AlMg3 (AA5754) in CNC Lathe machine, which is an aluminum alloy having diameter 20 mm and length 100 mm. The three parameters i.e. spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut with 3 levels are taken as the process variables and the working ranges of these parameters for conducting experiments are selected based on Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal Array (OA) design. To analyze the significant process parameters; main effect plots for data means and for S/N ratio are generated using Minitab statistical software.
Effect of Pre-Ageing on the Age Hardening Response of Cryorolled Al-Mg-Si Alloy
Authors: Hussain Maruff , Rao P. Nageswara , Singh Dharmendra , Jayaganthan R.
Published: February 2018

The present work investigates about the effect of pre-ageing on hardening behavior of Al-Mg-Si alloys processed by cryorolling and its age hardening behavior. Ageing conditions were examined at natural ageing for 2days and pre-ageing at 100 °C, 130°C and 170 °C for 4 hours, 2 hours and 30 minutes respectively. The observations revealed that, the pre-ageing before cryorolling is useful to enhance the dislocation density during cryorolling. However artificial ageing of cryorolled samples is not influenced much with pre-ageing. It is revealed that, maturing at room temperature of CR samples for 30 days has resulted better hardening response during artificial ageing.
Effect of Increasing Sasobit on Permanent Deformation and Moisture Damage of Asphalt Mixes
Authors: Haq Fazal , Hussain Arshad , Mushtaq Kamran
Published: February 2018

Transportation network plays a substantial role in the everyday life of social beings. The preservation of this vast infrastructure needs appropriate and cost-effective design techniques, which depends upon the selection and proportion of binder and aggregate. With the passage of time, as compared to HMA (Hot Mix Asphalt), WMA (Warm mix asphalt) has become extreme prevalent in the road construction industry, because WMA offers the opportunity of production asphalt mix at a reduced temperature than conventionally used for HMA, hence saving energy, cutting CO2 emission and improve environmental quality. This study aims to assess the impact of sasobit (an organic WMA additive) on permanent deformation and moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixes. Under the scope of this paper, the authors have added three percentages of sasobit that is 1%, 2% and 3% to check the effect of increasing sasobit percentage on rutting and moisture damage of asphalt mixes. In summary, rut depth of WMA as obtained from Hamburg Wheel Tracker Device (HWTD) slightly decreased from that of HMA, while rut depth at 1% and 2% was even less than that of 3% sasobit. A slight increase in moisture damage as compared to control mix was observed by adding sasobit, as illustrated by decreased Tensile Strength Ratios TSR.
Suitability of Quarry Dust as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Self Compacting Concrete
Authors: Tanajirao Thete Swapnil , Arpitha D. , Saha Suman , Rajasekaran C.
Published: February 2018

Large quantity of the quarry dust gets produced annually in the quarries during the extraction of the crushed coarse aggregate. As a result, disposal problems of this material gain significant momentum as these disturb environmental systems also. Now-a-days many of the countries like India is facing problems of ban on the extraction of sand and lacunae in procuring of fine aggregate, which is important constituent of the concrete. To overcome this problem, present study is focused on the suitability to utilize the quarry dust in Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) partially as fine aggregate with the natural fine aggregates. In this work, quarry dust is used as replacement of sand in a different level (0%, 15%, 30%, 45% and 60%) for producing the SCC. Fresh properties such as slump flow and V-funnel time have been measured for all mixes and hardened properties as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of the concrete have been checked for all the mixes and it has been found that optimum utilization of quarry dust up to 30% can been done to produce SCC without compromising with its properties.
Application of Principles of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics for Concrete Structures: A Numerical Study
Authors: Chauhan Darshan R. , Tewani Hridyesh R. , Kalyana Rama J.S.
Published: February 2018

Fracture mechanical studies have become a vital aspect of the design of concrete structures. This work aims to analyse/validate the size-effect of structural components in light of principles of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM). Various models of a quasi-brittle material with different geometries have been analysed for Stress Intensity Factors (SIF) using Abaqus/CAE: a finite element analysis software. The effect of crack-to-depth ratio, span-to-depth ratio and specimen size on SIF values have been studied. Also the variation in SIF values with respect to changing the position of concentrated load application and initial notch on the specimen have been studied. It is found that for a particular notch-to-depth ratio, the SIF increases with a decrease in specimen size. Also, at a constant span-to-depth ratio, SIF increases with increase in the notch-to-depth ratio.
Evaluation of Performance Point of Structure Using Capacity Spectrum Method
Authors: Swathi S. , Venkataramana Katta , Rajasekaran C.
Published: February 2018

Performance-based seismic design (PBSD) is an approach, in which the design aim is to deliver a structure capable of meeting certain predictable performance objectives under different levels of earthquake motions. In order to ensure the desirable performance of buildings or structures, the structural parameters such as strength, stiffness and ductility or deformability should be reasonably proportioned. Conventional methods of seismic design have the objectives to provide life safety (strength and ductility) and damage control (serviceability drift limits). However, little information is available on how the building reacts to a seismic hazard. The basic concept of PBSD is to provide the engineers with the capability to design buildings that have a predictable and reliable performance in case of a seismic hazard. This procedure compares the capacity of a structure (in the form of a pushover curve), with the demand imposed by the earthquake on the structure (in the form of response spectra).The present paper determines the performance point of the structure, using Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM). A 7-storey building has been considered for this purpose and pushover analysis is carried out. An attempt has been made to perform the seismic analysis for the building, to obtain the performance point.
Thermo Structural Analysis of Carbon-Carbon Nozzle Exit Cone for Rocket Cryo Engines
Authors: Vinod G. , Renjith S. , Thaddeus Basker V.
Published: February 2018

Launch and space vehicle structures are required to be extremely weight efficient. The need to achieve the performance required for the engine in the upper stage of a launch vehicle, increase the payload capacity drives rocket engine manufacturers to seek higher thrust level, specific impulse and thrust to weight ratio. The use of high temperature C-C composite materials is an efficient way to reach these objectives by allowing use of high expansion ratio. Nozzle extensions benefiting of the outstanding thermal, mechanical and fatigue resistance of these materials to decrease mass and featuring high temperature margins. A three-directionally reinforced (3D) carbon-carbon (c-c) material nozzle exit cone is selected for the current study. C-C composite exit nozzle must possess excellent stability and strength under extreme conditions for a specified amount of time. Carbon-carbon composites are appropriate materials for applications that require high specific strength at elevated temperatures. The paper describes the thermo structural analysis of a typical c/c nozzle exit cone.
Nonlinear Analysis of Composite Plates and Shells Subjected to In-Plane Loading
Authors: Thangaratnam Kari , Sanjana R.
Published: February 2018

In this article, nonlinear analysis of the composite plates and shells were carried out using the semiloof shell element. The finite element formulation is based on Green strains and Piola-Kirchhoff stresses. The nonlinear solution procedure was implemented to study the nonlinear behaviour of composite plates and shells. Due to coupling effect in composite plate and shells under in-plane load, pre-buckling displacement is significant and hence the behaviour is nonlinear. A verification study has been carried out to establish the efficiency of the present model. Since the margin of factor of safety is less in aerospace application, the detailed understanding and study of pre-buckling displacement is necessary for the designer.
Effect of Skin Friction Coefficient on Power Developed by Flettner Rotor System for Ship Propulsion
Authors: Lele Akshay , Rao K.V.S.
Published: February 2018

Flow over a rotating cylinder is a complicated phenomenon. Many researchers studied boundary layer, for both laminar and turbulent flow and reported instabilities. Because of the difficulty in the determination of skin friction coefficient for flow over a rotating cylinder, the experimental and computational values obtained by different researchers are also widely not in agreement. The flow over a rotating cylinder has many applications such as in ship propulsion using Flettner rotor, motion of a missile, etc. Flettner rotor can be used as an auxiliary power source for ship propulsion. In this paper, using four different empirical relations for skin friction coefficient, power developed/consumed by Flettner rotor on a ship is calculated for different values of wind speed and ship speed. It is found that though, these empirical relations are differently proposed by authors, the numerical values obtained for power generated by Flettner rotor for ship propulsion using these four different formulae didn’t have significant difference.
Design Optimization of Squeeze Mode Magnetorheological Damper
Authors: Patel Jitenkumar D. , Patel Dipal
Published: February 2018

Mostly, magnetorheological damper research is going on flow mode and shear mode type of damper. Less work is carried out by researcher on squeeze mode type of damper. This will give higher force as compare to flow mode and shear mode type of MRF damper at low excitation. So, this kind of damper can be used as vibration isolation for high impact loading at low amplitude application like engine mount. Aim of this paper is optimized design of Squeeze mode damper for low amplitude application by using design of experiment tool. For design of squeeze mode type of MR damper magnetic field distribution is very important study to improve damping performance. Various parameters like length of coil, diameter of squeeze plate, current passing through coil, number of turns, area of coil and MR fluid gap are considered during optimization and optimization is done by using FEMM software It shows that length of coil, Number of turn and area of coil increases damping performance improves. Other design parameters are check out with mathematical model of MR damper with theoretical calculation like effect of frequency of excitation, diameter of squeeze plate, thick ness of squeeze plate and amplitude of excitation.
Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Diesel Engine with Pongamia Biodiesel and Diesel Blends
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu R. , Tamilselvan R. , Karthickmunisamy T. , Veeramanikandan M. , Sathish Dhandapani
Published: February 2018

Biodiesel has been recognized as a possible alternative fuel for CI engines because use of biodiesel can reduce petroleum diesel consumption as well as engine out emissions. Out of many biodiesel derived from various resources, this biodiesel derived from Pongamia pinnata Oil (PPO) can be prepared economically using usual transesterification process. In the present study, in-depth research and comparative study of blends of biodiesel made from PPO and diesel is carried out to bring out the benefits of its extensive usage in CI engines. The experimental results of the study reveal that the PPO biodiesel has similar characteristics to that of diesel. The brake thermal efficiency, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon are observed to be lower in the case of PPO biodiesel blends than diesel. On the other hand specific fuel energy consumption and oxides of nitrogen of PPO biodiesel blends are found to be higher than diesel.
Experimental Investigation on Shallow Solar Pond Using CuO Nano Particles
Authors: Sathish Dhandapani , Thirunavukkarasu R. , Jegadeeswaran S. , Periyasamy S.
Published: February 2018

On the increase of energy needs and rising environmental concern forces the use of renewable and to search the alternative source of energy for the polluting fossil fuels. The best alternative energy is solar which is being emitted by the sun and is collected and is stored in various thermal storage medium. Solar pond is one of the best ways to collect solar energy in that shallow solar pond is one of its type. From the name it implies the pond depth is small so the solar pond can be fabricated in a simple manner with very low cost covering large area. Previous research they have used baffle plates to find out the thermal performance, but this research brings out using CuO nano particles and has been examined experimentally. The shallow solar pond is built with a surface area of 1.7m2 with a depth of 0.5m. The experiment has been carried out during the month of April of 2016 under the climatic conditions of pachapalayam [Latitude 10.950N, Longitude 76.890E]. It was examined for the six successive sunny days and its temperature of lower convective zone varies from 1.3°C to 9.2°C, with the maximum rise in temperature is obtained when adding 0.8% concentration of nano particles.
Application of Composites in Orthotic Calipers and its Experimental Validations
Authors: Kumari Nisha , Kumar Kaushik
Published: February 2018

Increasing population has led to numerous disabilities. One such disability which should be taken into account is related to human gait. Polio patients mainly suffer from this kind of disability due to which their muscles get weakened and they are unable to walk properly. The handicapped patients require an appliance with the help of which they can walk without any difficulties and the appliance acts as an aid for the correct positioning of their joints. Presently Aluminum Alloy based calipers are used but still the patients urge for better comfort. The requirement apart from more strength and stiffness, durability at lesser cost, environment friendly and light weight. Composite material is one such material which provides lower weight to volume ratio, high strength and stiffness at lesser cost. The purpose of the authors is to compare the mechanical properties of presently used aluminum calipers with polymeric thermoset based matrix (Carbon cloth with epoxy) based on CAD tools. The comparison reveals that thermoset based matrix will provide the maximum strength and firmness when compared to presently used Aluminum based calipers and model designed on CAD tools. Hence, the usage of the composite material will help the researchers design orthotic calipers which will have higher strength at a lower weight.
Study on the Stress Concentration in GFRP Composite Plates with Multiple Cut-Outs Subjected to Shear Loading
Authors: Aleena R.S. , Priyadarsini R.S.
Published: February 2018

The composite materials are widely used nowadays as major parts of structures in many industries like aerospace, marine, automobile, space vehicles and also for the repair and replacement of civil infrastructures. Stresses are vital parameters considered in the design of structures. Any irregularities in shape, materials, or the presence of cut-outs create localized stress concentration and reduce the capacity of the material to take loads. The anisotropic behaviour of composite structures also makes the analysis more complex. Shear loading often exists in the engineering practices such as in aerospace due to heavy aerodynamic loads. So in the present study the effects of different parameters like layup sequences, number of plies, proximity of cut-outs, shapes and arrangements of cut-outs under in-plane shear loading on the glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) plate with multiple cut-outs are studied using ABAQUS. The results from the study show that all the parameters considered for the study affects the stress concentration considerably. The observations are analysed then and the final conclusions are presented.
An Analysis on Bilayer Tube Flaring
Authors: Nikhare Chetan P.
Published: February 2018

Lightweight design for vehicle industry is not anymore an optional condition but a mandatory need to reduce the fuel consumption and adhere to environmental regulations. To achieve this goal many single parts have been removed and complex design have been implied. This includes implementation of tailored-welded blanks and multi-layer materials. Due to the increase use of dissimilar materials in a component it is also called as hybrid components. It was observed that due to use of hybrid component the part weight decrease and thus increase fuel efficiency. To continue this aspect, in this bilayer tube flaring is investigated. The metal tubular material from inside and polymer from outside is considered for flaring. The flaring behavior of the tube is analyzed and compared with the single metal layer. The strength difference and effect of that on the formability is discussed and resulted. It was observed that due to contact of lower strength material from outside the formability of the metal tube increased and failure is delayed.
Multi-model comparison of the volcanic sulfate deposition from the 1815 eruption of Mt. Tambora
Authors: Marshall Lauren , Schmidt Anja , Toohey Matthew , Carslaw Ken S. , Mann Graham W. , Sigl Michael , Khodri Myriam , Timmreck Claudia , Zanchettin Davide , Ball William T. , Bekki Slimane , Brooke James S. A. , Dhomse Sandip , Johnson Colin , Lamarque Jean-Francois , LeGrande Allegra N. , Mills Michael J. , Niemeier Ulrike , Pope James O. , Poulain Virginie , Robock Alan , Rozanov Eugene , Stenke Andrea , Sukhodolov Timofei , Tilmes Simone , Tsigaridis Kostas , Tummon Fiona
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The eruption of Mt. Tambora in 1815 was the largest volcanic eruption of the past 500 years. The eruption had significant climatic impacts, leading to the 1816 year without a summer, and remains a valuable event from which to understand the climatic effects of large stratospheric volcanic sulfur dioxide injections. The eruption also resulted in one of the strongest and most easily identifiable volcanic sulfate signals in polar ice cores, which are widely used to reconstruct the timing and atmospheric sulfate loading of past eruptions. As part of the Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP), five state-of-the-art global aerosol models simulated this eruption. We analyse both simulated background (no Tambora) and volcanic (with Tambora) sulfate deposition to polar regions and compare to ice core records. The models simulate overall similar patterns of background sulfate deposition, although there are differences in regional details and magnitude. However, the volcanic sulfate deposition varies considerably between the models with differences in timing, spatial pattern and magnitude. Mean simulated deposited sulfate on Antarctica ranges from 19 to 264 kg km−2 and on Greenland from 31 to 194 kg km−2, as compared to the mean ice-core-derived estimates of roughly 50 kg km−2 for both Greenland and Antarctica. The ratio of the hemispheric atmospheric sulfate aerosol burden after the eruption to the average ice sheet deposited sulfate varies between models by up to a factor of 15. Sources of this inter-model variability include differences in both the formation and the transport of sulfate aerosol. Our results suggest that deriving relationships between sulfate deposited on ice sheets and atmospheric sulfate burdens from model simulations may be associated with greater uncertainties than previously thought.
Does afforestation deteriorate haze pollution in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), China?
Authors: Long Xin , Bei Naifang , Wu Jiarui , Li Xia , Feng Tian , Xing Li , Zhao Shuyu , Cao Junji , Tie Xuexi , An Zhisheng , Li Guohui
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Although aggressive emission control strategies have been implemented recently in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area (BTH), China, pervasive and persistent haze still frequently engulfs the region during wintertime. Afforestation in BTH, primarily concentrated in the Taihang and Yanshan Mountains, has constituted one of the controversial factors exacerbating the haze pollution due to its slowdown of the surface wind speed. We report here an increasing trend of forest cover in BTH during 2001–2013 based on long-term satellite measurements and the impact of the afforestation on the fine particles (PM2.5) level. Simulations using the Weather Research and Forecast model with chemistry reveal that the afforestation in BTH since 2001 generally deteriorates the haze pollution in BTH to some degree, enhancing PM2.5 concentrations by up to 6 % on average. Complete afforestation or deforestation in the Taihang and Yanshan Mountains would increase or decrease the PM2.5 level within 15 % in BTH. Our model results also suggest that implementing a large ventilation corridor system would not be effective or beneficial to mitigate the haze pollution in Beijing.
Tropical atmospheric circulation response to the G1 sunshade geoengineering radiative forcing experiment
Authors: Guo Anboyu , Moore John C. , Ji Duoying
Published: February 2018

Abstract. We investigate the multi-earth system model response of the Walker circulation and Hadley circulations under the idealized solar radiation management scenario (G1) and under abrupt4 × CO2. The Walker circulation multi-model ensemble mean shows changes in some regions but no significant change in intensity under G1, while it shows 4° eastward movement and 1.9 × 109 kg s−1 intensity decrease in abrupt4 × CO2. Variation of the Walker circulation intensity has the same high correlation with sea surface temperature gradient between eastern and western Pacific under both G1 and abrupt4 × CO2. The Hadley circulation shows significant differences in behavior between G1 and abrupt4 × CO2 with intensity reductions in the seasonal maximum northern and southern cells under G1 correlated with equator-ward motion of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Southern and northern cells have significantly different response, especially under abrupt4 × CO2 when impacts on the southern Ferrel cell are particular clear. The southern cell is about 3 % stronger under abrupt4 × CO2 in July, August and September than under piControl, while the northern is reduced by 2 % in January, February and March. Both circulations are reduced under G1. There are good correlations between northern cell intensity and land temperatures, but not for the southern cell. Changes in the meridional temperature gradients account for changes in Hadley intensity better than changes in static stability both in G1 and especially in abrupt4 × CO2. The difference in response to the zonal Walker circulation and the meridional Hadley circulations under the idealized forcings may be driven by the zonal symmetric relative cooling of the tropics under G1.
Technical note: Comparison of methane ebullition modelling approaches used in terrestrial wetland models
Authors: Peltola Olli , Raivonen Maarit , Li Xuefei , Vesala Timo
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Emission via bubbling, i.e. ebullition, is one of the main methane (CH4) emission pathways from wetlands to the atmosphere. Direct measurement of gas bubble formation, growth and release in the peat–water matrix is challenging and in consequence these processes are relatively unknown and are coarsely represented in current wetland CH4 emission models. In this study we aimed to evaluate three ebullition modelling approaches and their effect on model performance. This was achieved by implementing the three approaches in one process-based CH4 emission model. All the approaches were based on some kind of threshold: either on CH4 pore water concentration (ECT), pressure (EPT) or free-phase gas volume (EBG) threshold. The model was run using 4 years of data from a boreal sedge fen and the results were compared with eddy covariance measurements of CH4 fluxes.Modelled annual CH4 emissions were largely unaffected by the different ebullition modelling approaches; however, temporal variability in CH4 emissions varied an order of magnitude between the approaches. Hence the ebullition modelling approach drives the temporal variability in modelled CH4 emissions and therefore significantly impacts, for instance, high-frequency (daily scale) model comparison and calibration against measurements. The modelling approach based on the most recent knowledge of the ebullition process (volume threshold, EBG) agreed the best with the measured fluxes (R2 = 0.63) and hence produced the most reasonable results, although there was a scale mismatch between the measurements (ecosystem scale with heterogeneous ebullition locations) and model results (single horizontally homogeneous peat column). The approach should be favoured over the two other more widely used ebullition modelling approaches and researchers are encouraged to implement it into their CH4 emission models.
Quantification of the fine-scale distribution of Mn-nodules: insights from AUV multi-beam and optical imagery data fusion
Authors: Alevizos Evangelos , Schoening Timm , Koeser Kevin , Snellen Mirjam , Greinert Jens
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) offer unique possibilities for exploring the deep seafloor in high resolution over large areas. We highlight the results from AUV-based multibeam echosounder (MBES) bathymetry / backscatter and digital optical imagery from the DISCOL area acquired during research cruise SO242 in 2015. AUV bathymetry reveals a morphologically complex seafloor with rough terrain in seamount areas and low-relief variations in sedimentary abyssal plains which are covered in Mn-nodules. Backscatter provides valuable information about the seafloor type and particularly about the influence of Mn-nodules on the response of the transmitted acoustic signal. Primarily, Mn-nodule abundances were determined by means of automated nodule detection on AUV seafloor imagery and nodule metrics such as nodules m−2 were calculated automatically for each image allowing further spatial analysis within GIS in conjunction with the acoustic data. AUV-based backscatter was clustered using both raw data and corrected backscatter mosaics. In total, two unsupervised methods and one machine learning approach were utilized for backscatter classification and Mn-nodule predictive mapping. Bayesian statistical analysis was applied to the raw backscatter values resulting in six acoustic classes. In addition, Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis (ISODATA) clustering was applied to the backscatter mosaic and its statistics (mean, mode, 10th, and 90th quantiles) suggesting an optimum of six clusters as well. Part of the nodule metrics data was combined with bathymetry, bathymetric derivatives and backscatter statistics for predictive mapping of the Mn-nodule density using a Random Forest classifier. Results indicate that acoustic classes, predictions from Random Forest model and image-based nodule metrics show very similar spatial distribution patterns with acoustic classes hence capturing most of the fine-scale Mn-nodule variability. Backscatter classes reflect areas with homogeneous nodule density. A strong influence of mean backscatter, fine scale BPI and concavity of the bathymetry on nodule prediction is seen. These observations imply that nodule densities are generally affected by local micro-bathymetry in a way that is not yet fully understood. However, it can be concluded that the spatial occurrence of Mn-covered areas can be sufficiently analysed by means of acoustic classification and multivariate predictive mapping allowing to determine the spatial nodule density in a much more robust way than previously possible.
Field-warmed soil carbon changes imply high 21st century modeled uncertainty
Authors: Todd-Brown Katherine , Zheng Bin , Crowther Thomas
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The feedback between planetary warming and soil carbon loss has been the focus of considerable scientific attention in recent decades, due to its potential to accelerate anthropogenic climate change. The soil carbon temperature sensitivity is traditionally estimated from short-term respiration measurements – either from laboratory incubations that are artificially manipulated, or field measurements that cannot distinguish between plant and microbial respiration. To address these limitations of previous approaches, we developed a new method to estimate temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil carbon directly from warming-induced changes in soil carbon stocks measured in 36 field experiments across the world. Variations in warming magnitude and control organic carbon percentage explained much of field-warmed organic carbon percentage (R2 = 0.96), revealing Q10 across sites of 2.2, [1.6, 2.7] 95 % Confidence Interval (CI). When these field-derived Q10 values were extrapolated over the 21st century using a post-hoc correction of 20 CMIP5 Earth system model outputs, the multi-model mean soil carbon stock changes shifted from the previous value of 83 ± 156 Pg-carbon (weighted mean ± 1 SD), to 16 ± 156 Pg-carbon with a Q10 driven 95 % CI of 245 ± 194 to −99 ± 208 Pg-carbon. On average, incorporating the field-derived Q10 values into Earth system model simulations led to reductions in the projected amount of carbon sequestered in the soil over the 21st century. However, the considerable parameter uncertainty led to extremely high variability in soil carbon stock projections within each model; intra-model uncertainty driven by the measured Q10 was as great as that between model variation. This study demonstrates that data integration may not improve model certainty, but instead should strive to capture the variation of the system as well as mean trends.
Una mirada a la competitividad global: producción de la industria electrónica
Authors: Ortega Jimenez César H. , Garrido Vega Pedro , Domínguez Machuca José Antonio
Published: February 2018

Se estudian dos de los principales programas de producción: Estrategia de producción (por sus siglas en inglés PS) y gestión de tecnología (por sus siglas en inglés TM) de las siguientes dos formas: 1) Testeando y validando los efectos de ajuste de la vinculación entre prácticas de dichos programas; y (2) Explorando el papel que juega el entorno de las fábricas como un inhibidor de ajuste entre PS y TM. El artículo se fundamenta en el análisis estadístico de encuestas, que involucra 88 fábricas de la industria de electrónica, distribuidas entre Alemania, Austria, Canadá, Corea del Sur, España, Estados Unidos, Finlandia, Italia, Japón y Suecia. Con ello, el estudio prueba la existencia del ajuste entre las prácticas de PS y las de TM. Para ello, se proveen argumentaciones analíticas y empíricas, mostrando que la PS y la TM refuerzan mutuamente sus prácticas para lograr una mayor competitividad global, medida por el rendimiento de operaciones. Esto parece indicar que la implementación común de las prácticas de producción estudiadas a través de la industria de la electrónica es importante en los entornos en los cuales operan las fábricas. El artículo sugiere un patrón de mejora donde la PS y la TM tienen que ser implementados mano a mano para lograr una mejor ventaja de su eficacia. Las articulaciones de prácticas de producción proveen una base sobre el cual el ajuste se origina, extendiendo sus beneficios a través de la organización. La investigación representa un intento de operacionalizar y validar empíricamente las articulaciones entre prácticas de producción en un entorno industrial internacional. Además, el artículo provee recomendaciones originales para los profesionales y decisores en las fábricas, de cómo lograr lo mejor de la implementación de la PS y la TM en la industria de la electrónica internacional.
Emergent Chinese Diasporic Identity and Culture: Chinese Grave Markers and Mortuary Rituals in Newfoundland
Authors: Li Mu
Published: February 2018

This article investigates the grave markers and associated mortuary rituals of Newfoundland’s Chinese immigrants, especially those who came before 1949, in order to understand them in the religious context of Newfoundland. The goals of this article are, firstly, to demonstrate emergent creolized diasporic identity and culture by presenting how early Chinese immigrants used Christianity to gradually gain social acceptance and, secondly, to challenge the popular idea that conversion by Chinese immigrants was only strategic.
History of the Three Major Academic Libraries in Partitioned Poland
Authors: Dżurak Ewa
Published: February 2018

This article presents an outline of the history of the three academic libraries in Poland: the Warsaw University Library in Warsaw, the Jagiellonian Library in Kraków, and the Adam Mickiewicz University Library in Poznań during the second part of the nineteenth century. This was the period of the Partitions of Poland, during which the Polish state, divided between Russia, Austria, and Prussia, disappeared from the map of Europe. The politics of the three partitioning powers towards Poles differed greatly, but their goal was the total assimilation of Polish people and incorporation of all seized territories into their own countries. Libraries as depositories of Polish language, Polish history, and Polish culture became crucial institutions in the struggle for the survival of Polish identity. Their history reflects the difficult negotiations between the politics of the partitioners towards Poles and different attitudes and ideas among Poles themselves towards the preservation of Polish heritage and the restoration of the Polish state. The present state of those libraries, especially the scope of their collections, is a direct result of historical conditions that shaped them.
Through the Looking Glass: Sally Mann and Wonderland
Authors: Savage Shari L.
Published: February 2018

Using narrative inquiry, I revisit and re-engage with former scholarship as a way to wrestle with new understandings regarding artistic intent, art making as process, and continuing controversies over representations of children. Photographer Sally Mann’s remarkably candid memoir Hold Still (2015) inspired me to look back, re-evaluate, and reconsider my research. Loosening my past arguments, letting go of my former stance, I explore the inherent duality of her roles (mother/artist), while acknowledging Mann’s transparency and illuminating accounts of dealing with memory. Lewis Carroll’s Victorian era photography, Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita (1958), and Mann’s body of work collectively center on childhood innocence—each perhaps unknowingly referent to the other’s artistic production in both words and images. I unravel and pull at such threads, revealing the patterns and themes that resonate throughout Mann’s aesthetically prescient wonderland. In addition, arts-based collages explore intertextual and visual similarities between Carroll’s, Nabokov’s, and Mann’s narratives. Ultimately, I offer an apology for my harsh judgment of Mann’s passionate pursuit to capture her version of wonderland through an antique 8 × 10 in. looking glass.
Bivariate and Bilateral Gamma Distributions
Authors: Tashkandy Yusra A. , A. Omair Maha , A. Alzaid Abdulhamid
Published: February 2018

This article review some known bivariate and bilateral (difference) gamma ‎distributions. Some properties, advantages and limitations are pointed out. Two new ‎bivariate gamma distributions using self-decomposability property are introduced. The ‎corresponding bilateral gamma distributions are derived.‎
THE INVESTMENT PROCESSES IN THE STATE: NATIONAL PRACTICES AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: Kulchytska Nadia , Madyda Aneta
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this paper is to present investment practices in Ukraine in the context of international experience. The paper analyzed the method of estimation of the degree of ease of investment climate in Ukraine and studied international experience of investment processes. Considered the directions of investment policies that contribute to the improvement of the investment climate. In this study the statistical data was used from the official website of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine.
SELECTED PROBLEMS OF GOODS WAREHOUSING
Authors: Szymonik Andrzej
Published: February 2018

This article contains information related to selected factors affecting the warehousing of goods. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, humidity, sunlight, air, that have influence (positive or negative) on the goods stored in the warehouse and the people working in it are identified. The next part of the article presents devices for measuring and controlling the listed parameters, with special emphasis on the CO2 and oxygen.
RESOURCE-EFFICIENT AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT CHANGES IN WASTE OILS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Shkola Viktoriia Yu. , Prokopenko Olha V.
Published: February 2018

Contemporary problems of waste oils management in Ukraine are considered in the paper. Based on European Union countries’ experience the innovation approach to solve the waste oils management problem is supposed. Reforming of the oil products recycling branch in Ukraine has to be based on the concept concerning absolute domination of processed oils regeneration that will provide increase of regions and country environmental and economic security. General scheme of organizational and economic mechanism to control waste oils recycling branch development at macro-level developed in the paper. In order to organize producing process, authors suggest to create regional complexes, located by principle of the territorial integrity in regions where waste oils are collected, optimization of their transporting routes, and producing capacities of waste management facilities. Each of these complexes has to include structures, specialized on some stage in waste oils recycling that will make the processing mobile, flexible and able to achieve maximal economic results.
CAREER DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN IN THE SILESIA PROVINCE
Authors: Dzieńdziora Joanna , Dacko-Pikiewicz Zdzisława , Smolarek Małgorzata
Published: February 2018

In the modern world the professional career, active development, improving skills and competences are becoming big challenges and indispensable elements of life of many women. Women are able to reconcile family life with professional activity in a harmonious way. This happens because of the fact that women’s are equipped with determination and unusual ability to manage their time. The aim of the paper is the presentation of professional careers of women in the theoretical and empirical approach.
Body mass index influences the plasma glucose concentration during iatrogenic hypoglycemia in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cheng Po Chung , Hsu Shang Ren , Tu Shih Te , Cheng Yun Chung , Liu Yu Hsiu
Published: February 2018

Background

Hypoglycemia occurs in an appreciable number of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who are receiving glycemic therapy. Iatrogenic hypoglycemia induces not only complications but also a substantial medical expense. Intervention for relevant risk factors may help avert severe hypoglycemia and enhance quality of life in at-risk individuals. This study investigates the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and plasma glucose concentration during iatrogenic hypoglycemia in people with T2DM.

Methods

Enrollment criteria were people above 20 years of age, with existing diagnosis of T2DM, a documented plasma glucose level ≤70 mg/dL, and acute cognitive impairment requiring hospitalization. Participants were classified into two groups according to their BMI. Specifically, lower BMI subgroup denotes individuals whose BMI fall within lower half of the study population, and vice versa. Plasma glucose concentration, length of hospital stay, and serum electrolyte level at hospitalization were compared between these BMI subgroups. Moreover, multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify covariates associated with plasma glucose level during iatrogenic hypoglycemia.

Results

This study enrolled 107 participants for whom 54 were assigned to a higher BMI subgroup and the remainder to a lower BMI subgroup. People with lower BMI harbored substantially reduced plasma glucose concentration during iatrogenic hypoglycemia compared to those with higher BMI (30.1 ± 9.6 mg/dL vs. 38.4 ± 12.3 mg/dL, P < 0.001). Nonetheless, the length of stay (6.2 ± 4.6 days vs. 5.7 ± 4.0 days, P = 0.77) and serum potassium level (3.7 ± 0.9 meq/L vs. 3.9 ± 0.8 meq/L, P = 0.14) were comparable between subgroups. Multivariate regression analysis identified BMI as a determinant of plasma glucose concentration in diabetic individuals with iatrogenic hypoglycemia (β coefficient: 0.72, P = 0.008).

Discussion

In individuals with T2DM who experience severe iatrogenic hypoglycemia, BMI influences the plasma glucose level at hospitalization. People with lower BMI harbored appreciably reduced plasma glucose concentration relative to their higher BMI counterparts. In lower weight people, therefore, appropriate dosing of antidiabetic medications, frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose level and adequate nutritional support may help avert more severe hypoglycemia. Overall, BMI potentially influences the severity of iatrogenic hypoglycemia in people with T2DM.