bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Treatment of 2A Grade Burns with Decellularized Bovine Peritoneum as a Xenograft: Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Tuleubayev Berik , Ogay Vyacheslav , Anapiya Baurzhan , Zhylkibayev Assylbek , Saginova Dina , Koshanova Amina , Kurmangaliyev Yerkin-Dauir , Tezekbayev Kanat , Bikonurov Nurzhan , Abugaliyev Kabylbek
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives: Homogeneous and xenogenic bioengineering structures are actively used as wound coatings in treatment of burns and have already shown their effectiveness. Nevertheless, the disadvantage of such dressings is their high cost. This issue is particularly challenging for developing countries in which the incidence of burns is the highest one. With such needs taken into account, the research team developed and clinically tested a new wound coating based on decellularized bovine peritoneum (DBP). Materials and Methods: A multicenter randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate DBP. The following variables were considered in the research study: the number of inpatient days, the number of dressing changes, the level of pain experienced during dressing changes, and the condition of wounds at the time of the follow-up examination. Results: The research involved 68 participants. It was found that the patients who were treated with a DBP experienced less pain with less changes of dressings. However, the number of inpatient days and wound healing failed to demonstrate statistically significant difference compared to the control group. Conclusions: In the given research, DBP showed efficacy in improving patients’ quality of life by reducing pain and the number of dressings’ changes. However, when comparing this research study with the studies of other animal-derived wound coverings, there were a number of differences and limitations in the parameters. Thus, the results requires further study for a greater comparability of data. Given the above, we expect that DBP will become an inexpensive and effective treatment for burns in developing countries.
Thermodynamic Optimization of Ammonia Decomposition Solar Heat Absorption System Based on Membrane Reactor
Authors: Xie Tianchao , Xia Shaojun , Jin Qinglong
Published: June 2022

In this paper, an ammonia decomposition membrane reactor is applied to a solar heat absorption system, and thermodynamic optimization is carried out according to the usage scenarios. First, a model of an ammonia decomposition solar heat absorption system based on the membrane reactor is established by using finite time thermodynamics (FTT) theory. Then, the three-objective optimization with and the four-objective optimization without the constraint of the given heat absorption rate are carried out by using the NSGA-II algorithm. Finally, the optimized performance objectives and the corresponding design parameters are obtained by using the TOPSIS decision method. Compared with the reference system, the TOPSIS optimal solution for the three-objective optimization can reduce the entropy generation rate by 4.8% and increase the thermal efficiency and energy conversion rate by 1.5% and 1.4%, respectively. The optimal solution for the four-objective optimization can reduce the heat absorption rate, entropy generation rate, and energy conversion rate by 15.5%, 14%, and 8.7%, respectively, and improve the thermal efficiency by 15.7%. The results of this paper are useful for the theoretical study and engineering application of ammonia solar heat absorption systems based on membrane reactors.
The Design of Ternary Composite Polyurethane Membranes with an Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation Potential for the Removal of Anionic Dyes
Authors: Zubair Usman , Zahid Muhammad , Nadeem Nimra , Ghazal Kainat , AlSalem Huda S. , Binkadem Mona S. , Al-Goul Soha T. , Rehan Zulfiqar Ahmad
Published: June 2022

Photocatalysis is an efficient and an eco-friendly way to eliminate organic pollutants from wastewater and filtration media. The major dilemma coupled with conventional membrane technology in wastewater remediation is fouling. In this study, the photocatalytic degradation potential of novel thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) based NiO on aminated graphene oxide (NH2-GO) nanocomposite membranes was explored. The fabrication of TPU-NiO/NH2-GO membranes was achieved by the phase inversion method and analyzed for their performances. The membranes were effectively characterized in terms of surface morphology, functional group, and crystalline phase identification, using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. The prepared materials were investigated in terms of photocatalytic degradation potential against selected pollutants. Approximately 94% dye removal efficiency was observed under optimized conditions (i.e., reaction time = 180 min, pH 3–4, photocatalyst dose = 80 mg/100 mL, and oxidant dose = 10 mM). The optimized membranes possessed effective pure water flux and excellent dye rejection (approximately 94%) under 4 bar pressure. The nickel leaching in the treated wastewater sample was determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The obtained data was kinetically analyzed using first- and second-order reaction kinetic models. A first-order kinetic study was suited for the present study. Besides, the proposed membranes provided excellent photocatalytic ability up to six reusability cycles. The combination of TPU and NH2-GO provided effective strength to membranes and the immobilization of NiO nanoparticles improved the photocatalytic behavior.
Study on Phase Transformation and Electrochemical Corrosion of TiNi Alloy Formed by Laser Solid Forming
Authors: Chen Ruolin , Feng Yan , Yan Kang , Zhang Guoyun
Published: June 2022

TiNi shape memory alloy (SMA) prepared by laser solid forming (LSF) has wide application prospect and research value. In this work, LSF-Ti49.2Ni50.8 alloy was tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microscopic characterization results show that there is a small amount of martensitic slat in TiNi alloy besides the TiNi substrate. Lenticular R phase is densely distributed around the martensitic slat. B2→R and R→M phase transitions occur in the alloy due to the high cooling rate during laser solid forming. The results of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and electrochemical corrosion test show that the alloy has good biocompatibility and excellent corrosion resistance and has the potential to be used as a biomedical material.
Micromorphology, Microstructure, and Wear Behavior of AISI 1045 Steels Irregular Texture Fabricated by Ultrasonic Strengthening Grinding Process
Authors: Xiao Jinrui , Zhao Zhuan , Xie Xincheng , Liang Zhongwei , Liu Zhaoyang , Liu Xiaochu , Tang Ruizhi
Published: June 2022

In this study, the tribological properties of three AISI 1045 steel samples were investigated. Two samples were treated with ultrasonic shot peening (USP) and ultrasonic strengthening grinding process (USGP), respectively, while the other one was only treated with a polishing process. Sample properties, such as surface morphology, roughness, microhardness, elastic modulus, frictional coefficient, and phase structures were analyzed. Results show that the sample treated with USGP had the best tribological properties. It realized the highest surface roughness, microhardness, and elastic modulus. Compared with a polished sample, the roughness of the sample treated with USGP increased by 157%, and the microhardness and elastic modulus improved by 32.8% and 21.3%, respectively. Additionally, USGP provided an average frictional coefficient of 0.4, decreasing approximately 45% compared to polishing. The possible mechanisms of USGP surface texturing were discussed. The findings denote that USGP could be an efficient approach to improve the fatigue life of some mechanical components.
Effect of Zn and Cu Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-10wt%Mg Alloy
Authors: Wang Xinbiao , Liu Shengfa , Lin Yaojun
Published: June 2022

5xxx series aluminum alloys have been widely used in automobiles, ships, aerospace and other fields for their low density, good corrosion resistance and weldability. The present study designs a new Al-10.0Mg-1.0Zn-0.15Cu (wt%) alloy with different composition from the traditional 5xxx series and 7xxx series aluminum alloys; the Zn/Mg ratio is below 1.0. Detailed characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been carried out to reveal the microstructural evolution. The results show that the addition of Zn and Cu inhibits the precipitation of the Al3Mg2 phase in the traditional Al-Mg binary alloy during annealing and promotes the precipitation of T-Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phase, which contributes to precipitation strengthening. After 75% rolling and 150 °C annealing, the T-Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phase precipitates and the alloy obtains good strength and plasticity coordination with 0.2% offset yield strength of 519 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 653 MPa, accompanied by uniform elongation of 8.1%. The mechanisms underlying the improved strength and plasticity in the Al-10.0Mg-1.0Zn-0.15Cu (wt%) alloy are discussed.
Dynamic Model of a Conjugate-Surface Flexure Hinge Considering Impacts between Cylinders
Authors: Cammarata Alessandro , Maddìo Pietro Davide , Sinatra Rosario , Rossi Andrea , Belfiore Nicola Pio
Published: June 2022

A dynamic model of a Conjugate-Surface Flexure Hinge (CSFH) has been proposed as a component for MEMS/NEMS Technology-based devices with lumped compliance. However, impacts between the conjugate surfaces have not been studied yet and, therefore, this paper attempts to fill this gap by proposing a detailed multibody system (MBS) model that includes not only rigid-body dynamics but also elastic forces, friction, and impacts. Two models based on the Lankarani-Nikravesh constitutive law are first recalled and a new model based on the contact of cylinders is proposed. All three models are complemented by the friction model proposed by Ambrosìo. Then, the non-smooth Moreau time-stepping scheme with Coulomb friction is described. The four models are compared in different scenarios and the results confirm that the proposed model outcomes comply with the most reliable models.
Preparation and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Transparent Antibacterial Starch/Polyvinyl Alcohol Materials for Use as Wound-Dressing
Authors: Delavari Mohammad Mohsen , Stiharu Ion
Published: June 2022

In this study, eco-friendly and transparent starch-based/polyvinyl alcohol/citric acid composite films are evaluated for their efficacy as wound dressing materials. The starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) materials with added citric acid (0.46–1.83 wt%) and glycerol were made and handled based on the modified casting method. This new formulation decreases the amount of PVA used in the conventional preparation method. Citric acid ensures an appropriate antibacterial environment for wound-dressing materials. The mechanical, chemical, and surface morphological properties of such films were assessed and analyzed by tensile strength tests, UV–Vis spectrometry, swelling index, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the water vapor transmission (WVT) quantity was measured for an ideal wound-healing process to investigate an optimal moisture environment around the wound bed. Moreover, the pH level of the dressings was measured to examine the possibility of bacterial growth around these starch-based films. Additionally, the films’ in-vitro antibacterial activities were studied against the two most common Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). The new starch-based dressings demonstrated suitable degradation, antibacterial activity, fluid absorption, and adequate mechanical strength, representing wound-dressing materials’ vital features.
Structural and Surface Modification of Oxalic-Acid-Activated Bentonites in Various Acid Concentrations for Bleaching Earth Synthesis—A Comparative Study
Authors: Tsakiri Danai , Douni Iliana , Taxiarchou Maria
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the oxalic acid activation of bentonites containing different types of smectites, analyse their surface modification as a function of acid concentration and create good quality bleaching earths. In particular, two different bentonite samples (one containing aluminum and one containing ferruginous smectite), after being characterized through XRD, XRF and FT-IR analysis, are treated with oxalic acid at a concentration of 0.5, 0.7 and 1 M. Their structural modifications after treatment are observed through FT-IR spectra and surface area and porosity measurement (using the BET equation and the BJH method, respectively) combined with the determination of the main structural metals’ extraction from them (using an atomic adsorption spectrometer). The results showed that the ferruginous smectite is more susceptible to oxalic acid activation compared to the aluminum smectite, and all the final products have developed extra porosity in their structure while retaining the structure of smectite (even at 0.5 M acid concentration). The activated samples were used as bleaching earths in soybean oil, and the results proved that Lovibond yellow and red colours as well as the chlorophyll of oil (measured spectrophotometrically) were reduced to the values set by the specifications.
The Effect of Zn Content and Granulation Temperature on Zn Leaching in an Fe-Saturated (FeXZn(1−X))2SiO4 System
Authors: Kero Andertun Jakob , Peltola Pasi , Engström Fredrik , Samuelsson Caisa
Published: June 2022

The zinc in the fayalite slag of copper smelters, in which Zn-containing raw materials are used, is mainly found to be in oxidic phases, such as glassy iron silicate. During the slag water granulation process, the molten slag is heated, whereby the granulated slag achieves varying granulation temperatures. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to characterize and assess the leaching behavior of a synthesized Fe-saturated (FeX,Zn(1−X))2SiO4 system to understand the dependance of the zinc leaching behavior on the parameters of the ZnO content (1–10 wt.%) and granulation temperature (1300 or 1400 °C). It was found that the Zn leaching increased with the increasing Zn content and granulation temperature, using both batch and static pH leaching methods. Zn leaching was further increased at pH 5 using diluted nitric acid under oxidation conditions. Among the oxides in the samples—fayalite, spinel, and glass—glass was found to contribute to Zn leaching, owing to its weathering during pH-titration.
The Southwestern Boundary of Cenozoic Qaidam Basin: Constraints from Heavy Mineral Analysis
Authors: Ding Xiaonan , Fu Ling , Guan Ping , Zhang Daowei
Published: June 2022

The formation of the Qaidam Basin plays an important role in unraveling the growth history of the Tibetan plateau. An extraordinary thick Cenozoic sedimentary succession of the Qaidam Basin is a great contributor to the study of the basin’s evolution history. To date, there has been disagreement on the southwestern boundary of the Paleogene Qaidam Basin. In this study, the method of heavy mineral analysis was adopted to reconstruct the southwestern boundary of the Qaidam Basin. The stable heavy minerals which represent the maturity of detrital sediments can roughly reflect the distance between the source and the deposit area. Therefore, the isogram of the stable heavy mineral index (ZTR = 20) was compiled to infer the location of the source area of the southwestern Qaidam Basin. The isogram shows that the boundary of the southwestern Qaidam Basin stretched southwesterly to the present-day Qiman Tagh Eastern Kunlun Mountains during the Paleogene. Additionally, the isolines present a remarkable northward migration since the late Eocene, which indicates the boundary of the Cenozoic Qaidam Basin that withdrew northward since the late Eocene. The specific location of the southern source area of the Qaidam Basin can be deduced at the Adatan fault, the middle of the present-day Eastern Kunlun Mountains. This result also supports the idea that the Qaidam Basin was an independent basin during the early Cenozoic era, and the Eastern Kunlun Mountains have already been exhumed during that time, serving as a prominent source of clastic sediments in the southwestern Qaidam Basin.
Influence of Clogging at the Filtration on Analysis of Dissolved and Particulate Forms of Chemical Elements in Boreal Rivers of the Russian Far East
Authors: Shulkin Vladimir , Bogdanova Natalia , Elovskiy Evgeniy
Published: June 2022

Clogging is inevitable when membranes with 0.45 µm pore size are used for the separation of particulates from dissolved/colloidal forms in river water. This can lead to a shift in water quality assessment and evaluation of geochemical fluxes. We studied the influence of clogging on the concentration of trace elements, major anions, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the filtrates after a sequential pass from 0.1 to 0.5 L of river water samples through the same 47 mm membrane with 0.45 µm pore size. These experiments were carried out for the typical boreal rivers of the Russian Far East, including the biggest one, Amur R., with different quantities of suspended solids (SS) and anthropogenic load. The concentration of the major anions, nitrate, Si, DOC, and such trace elements as Li, B, Ni, Cu, As, Sr, Rb, Mo, Ba, U did not depend on the water volume filtered. However, filterable Al, Fe, Ti, Pb, Mn, Co, and most REEs showed a notable decrease in concentration at an increase in volume filtered, at more than 100–200 mL of river water. Clogging membranes with retention of colloids <0.45 µm was suggested as a reason for such a decrease. The quantity of suspended solids and their grain size are the major factors that control clogging itself. Still, the influence of clogging on the concentration of filterable forms depends on the share of coarse colloidal forms. Moreover, retention of colloids <0.45 µm by the clogged membrane can bias the assessment of particulate forms. Surpluses of particulate Fe, Al, Mn, Co due to clogging decline from 13–26% to 2–6% of suspended forms of these metals at the growth of SS in river waters from 10 mg/L to more than 50 mg/L. For particulate REEs, the share due to membrane clogging varies non-linearly from 2–9% to 23–39%, depending on the initial concentration of filterable forms of REEs in the river waters.
Differences in Properties between Pebbles and Raw Ore from a SAG Mill at a Zinc, Tin-Bearing Mine
Authors: Sun Wenhan , Yang Jinlin , Li Hengjun , Liu Wengang , Ma Shaojian
Published: June 2022

Semi-autogenous (SAG) mills are widely used grinding equipment, but some ore with critical particle sizes cannot be effectively processed by SAG mills and turned into pebbles. This research aims to analyze and compare the properties of raw ore and pebbles from a zinc- and tin-bearing ore. The results show that the contents of sphalerite, cassiterite, biotite, antigorite, pyroxferroite, ferroactinolite, and ilvaite in the raw ore are higher than those in the pebbles, and that the pebbles have higher contents of hedenbergite, chlorite, epidote, actinolite, etc. Meanwhile, the abrasion and impact resistance of pebbles is greater than that of the raw ore. In addition, the sphalerite is evenly embedded, and the grinding process is regular. Fine cassiterite associated with harder minerals is difficult to dissociate; it is often found in softer or brittle minerals which may be easily ground into ore mud. The cassiterite in the pebbles is associated with hard and brittle hedenbergite and soft chlorite, making it difficult to recover. This research provides a good foundation for evaluating the recovery value of pebbles and improving the productivity of the SAG process.
Acridone Derivatives from Atalantia monophyla Inhibited Cancer Cell Proliferation through ERK Pathway
Authors: Gao Wen-Yong , Boonyarat Chantana , Takomthong Pitchayakarn , Plekratoke Kusawadee , Hayakawa Yoshihiro , Yenjai Chavi , Kaewamatawong Rawiwun , Chaiwiwatrakul Suchada , Waiwut Pornthip
Published: June 2022

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of acridone alkaloids on cancer cell lines and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The ten acridone alkaloids from Atalantia monophyla were screened for cytotoxicity against LNCaP cell lines by a WST-8 assay. Then, the most potential acridone, buxifoliadine E, was evaluated on four types of cancer cells, namely prostate cancer (LNCaP), neuroblastoma (SH SY5Y), hepatoblastoma (HepG2), and colorectal cancer (HT29). The results showed that buxifoliadine E was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of all four types of cancer cells, having the most potent cytotoxicity against the HepG2 cell line. Western blotting analysis was performed to assess the expression of signaling proteins in the cancer cells. In HepG2 cells, buxifoliadine E induced changes in the levels of Bid as well as cleaved caspase-3 and Bax through MAPKs, including Erk and p38. Moreover, the binding interaction between buxifoliadine E and Erk was investigated by using the Autodock 4.2.6 and Discovery Studio programs. The result showed that buxifoliadine E bound at the ATP-binding site, located at the interface between the N- and C-terminal lobes of Erk2. The results of this study indicate that buxifoliadine E suppressed cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting the Erk pathway.
Characterization of Nano-Scale Parallel Lamellar Defects in RDX and HMX Single Crystals by Two-Dimension Small Angle X-ray Scattering
Authors: Zhang Haobin , Xu Jinjiang , Li Shichun , Sun Jie , Wang Xiaolin
Published: June 2022

Nano-scale crystal defects extremely affect the security and reliability of explosive charges of weapons. In this work, the nano-scale crystal defects of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) single crystals were characterized by two-dimension SAXS. Deducing from the changes of SAXS pattern with sample stage rotating, we firstly found the parallel lamellar nano-scale defects in both RDX and HMX single crystals. Further analysis shows that the average diameter and thickness of nano-scale lamellar defects for RDX single crystal are 66.4 nm and 19.3 nm, respectively. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicate that the lamellar nano-scale defects distribute along the (001) in RDX and the (011) in HMX, which are verified to be the crystal planes with the lowest binding energy by the theoretical calculation.
Curcumin Scaffold as a Multifunctional Tool for Alzheimer’s Disease Research
Authors: Yang Haijun , Zeng Fantian , Luo Yunchun , Zheng Chao , Ran Chongzhao , Yang Jian
Published: June 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, which is caused by multi-factors and characterized by two histopathological hallmarks: amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of Tau proteins. Thus, researchers have been devoting tremendous efforts to developing and designing new molecules for the early diagnosis of AD and curative purposes. Curcumin and its scaffold have fluorescent and photochemical properties. Mounting evidence showed that curcumin scaffold had neuroprotective effects on AD such as anti-amyloidogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and metal chelating. In this review, we summarized different curcumin derivatives and analyzed the in vitro and in vivo results in order to exhibit the applications in AD diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring and therapy. The analysis results showed that, although curcumin and its analogues have some disadvantages such as short wavelength and low bioavailability, these shortcomings can be conquered by modifying the structures. Curcumin scaffold still has the potential to be a multifunctional tool for AD research, including AD diagnosis and therapy.
Outtakes from My Journey through the World of LIPID MAPS
Authors: Dennis Edward A.
Published: June 2022

My laboratory’s research on lipids has focused on phospholipases and lipidomics and in many ways has evolved in parallel to the evolution of the lipid field over the past half century. I have reviewed our research elsewhere. Herein, I describe the “side stories” or “outtakes” that parallel the main story that focuses on our laboratory’s research. I will emphasize the importance of community activities and describe how I came to initiate and lead the international effort on the Lipid Metabolites and Pathways Strategy (LIPID MAPS). Several of these side activities had a significant effect on discoveries in my laboratory research and its evolution as well as contributing significantly to the development of the LIPID MAPS initiative. These included experience and influences from serving as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Lipid Research and Chair and President of the Keystone Symposia on Cell and Molecular Biology as well as other experiences in organizing lipid conferences, teaching on lipid structure and mechanism, and earlier formative administrative and leadership experiences. The relevant influences are summarized herein.
Strengthening the Connection between Science, Society and Environment to Develop Future French and European Bioeconomies: Cutting-Edge Research of VAALBIO Team at UCCS
Authors: Araque-Marin Marcia , Bellot Noronha Fabio , Capron Mickäel , Dumeignil Franck , Friend Michèle , Heuson Egon , Itabaiana Ivaldo , Jalowiecki-Duhamel Louise , Katryniok Benjamin , Löfberg Axel , Paul Sébastien , Wojcieszak Robert
Published: June 2022

The development of the future French and European bioeconomies will involve developing new green chemical processes in which catalytic transformations are key. The VAALBIO team (valorization of alkanes and biomass) of the UCCS laboratory (Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide) are working on various catalytic processes, either developing new catalysts and/or designing the whole catalytic processes. Our research is focused on both the fundamental and applied aspects of the processes. Through this review paper, we demonstrate the main topics developed by our team focusing mostly on oxygen- and hydrogen-related processes as well as on green hydrogen production and hybrid catalysis. The social impacts of the bioeconomy are also discussed applying the concept of the institutional compass.
Antibacterial and Oxidative Stress-Protective Effects of Five Monoterpenes from Softwood
Authors: Muilu-Mäkelä Riina , Aapola Ulla , Tienaho Jenni , Uusitalo Hannu , Sarjala Tytti
Published: June 2022

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) affect the quality of indoor air. Terpenes and especially monoterpenes are the main molecules emitted from softwood material (coniferous species), which is widely used in construction. The corneal epithelium is one of the first human membranes to encounter VOCs in the air. Moreover, the industrial use of pleasant-scented monoterpenes in cosmetics, food, and detergents exposes people to monoterpenes in their daily lives. In the present study, the health effective properties of five monoterpenes from softwood were tested; cytotoxicity and oxidative stress-protective effects of α- and β-pinenes, R- and S-limonene, and 3-carene were tested in a human corneal epithelial (HCE) cell model system and with two additional in vitro antioxidant tests: oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging. Antibacterial efficacies were tested with two bioluminescent bacterial biosensor strains (Escherichia coli K12+pcGLS11 and Staphylococcus aureus RN4220+pAT19) and with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test against Escherichia coli. Only very high concentrations of monoterpenes (0.3–0.5 mg/mL) demonstrated cytotoxicity against HCE cells. Contrary to the original hypothesis, monoterpenes did not exhibit strong antioxidant properties in tested concentrations. However, biosensors and MIC tests indicated clear antibacterial activities for all tested monoterpenes.
The Ability of Nuclease-Resistant RNA Aptamer against Streptococcus suis Serotype 2, Strain P1/7 to Reduce Biofilm Formation In Vitro
Authors: Matchawong Apinyapat , Srisawat Chatchawan , Sangboonruang Sirikwan , Tharinjaroen Chayada Sitthidet
Published: June 2022

Streptococcus suis, a Gram-positive bacterium, is an important swine and human pathogen, with serotype 2 being the most prevalent strain found worldwide. Deafness, meningitis, and death (in severe cases) are observed in S. suis-infected cases. Development of the ligands that can bind to S. suis with high affinity and specificity could be beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of S. suis infection. Herein, the nuclease-resistant RNA aptamers based on 2′-fluoropyrimidine modification against S. suis serotype 2, strain P1/7, were established using the cell- Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique. One of the aptamers, R8-su12, could bind to the S. suis target strain as well as other S. suis serotypes, i.e., 1, 1/2, 9, and 14, but not to other bacteria tested, i.e., S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Moreover, the R8-su12 RNA aptamer was also capable of inhibiting the biofilm formation of the S. suis target strain, making it potentially useful for the study of biofilm formation and the treatment of S. suis infection in humans and pigs in the future.
Implementing Silica Nanoparticles in the Study of the Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hildebrandt Robert , Skubacz Krystian , Chmielewska Izabela , Dyduch Zdzisław , Zgórska Aleksandra , Smoliński Adam
Published: June 2022

Aerosol transmission constitutes one of the major transmission routes of the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen. Due to the pathogen’s properties, research on its airborne transmission has some limitations. This paper focuses on silica nanoparticles (SiO2) of 40 and 200 nm sizes as the physicochemical markers of a single SARS-CoV-2 particle enabling experiments on the transmission of bioaerosols in public spaces. Mixtures of a determined silica concentration were sprayed on as an aerosol, whose particles, sedimented on dedicated matrices, were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Since it was not possible to quantitatively identify the markers based on the obtained images, the filters exposed with the AirSampler aspirator were analyzed based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP-OES method enabled us to determine the concentration of silica after extracting the marker from the filter, and consequently to estimate the number of markers. The developed procedure opens up the possibility of the quantitative estimation of the spread of the coronavirus, for example in studies on the aerosol transmission of the pathogen in an open environment where biological markers—surrogates included—cannot be used.
The Effectiveness of Rhodiola rosea L. Preparations in Alleviating Various Aspects of Life-Stress Symptoms and Stress-Induced Conditions—Encouraging Clinical Evidence
Authors: Ivanova Stojcheva Emilija , Quintela José Carlos
Published: June 2022

Rhodiola rosea L. has a long history of use in traditional medicine to stimulate the nervous system, treat stress-induced fatigue and depression, enhance physical performance and work productivity and treat gastrointestinal ailments and impotence. Apart from its well-established traditional use, a significant number of publications on the clinical efficacy of various R. rosea preparations can be found in the literature. The majority of these studies are related to the efficacy of R. rosea in terms of cognitive functions and mental performance, including various symptoms of life-stress, fatigue and burnout. The beneficial effects of this medicinal plant on enhancing physical performance have also been evaluated in professional athletes and non-trained individuals. Moreover, even though most evidence originates from pre-clinical trials, several clinical studies have additionally demonstrated the remediating effects of R. rosea on cardiovascular and reproductive health by addressing non-specific stress damage and reversing or healing the disrupted physiologies and disfunctions. Overall, in accordance with its aim, the results presented in this review provide an encouraging basis for the clinical efficacy of R. rosea preparations in managing various aspects of stress-induced conditions.
Atomistic Insights into the Phase Transformation of Single-Crystal Silicon during Nanoindentation
Authors: Chung Young Jin , Lee Gi Hun , Beom Hyeon Gyu
Published: June 2022

The influence of the indenter angle on the deformation mechanisms of single-crystal Si was analyzed via molecular dynamics simulations of the nanoindentation process. Three different types of diamond conical indenters with semi-angles of 45°, 60°, and 70° were used. The load–indentation depth curves were obtained by varying the indenter angles, and the structural phase transformations of single-crystal Si were observed from an atomistic view. In addition, the hardness and elastic modulus with varying indenter angles were evaluated based on the Oliver–Pharr method and Sneddon’s solution. The simulation results showed that the indenter angle had a significant effect on the load–indentation depth curves, which resulted from the strong dependence of the elastic and plastic deformation ratios on the indenter angle during indentations.
Chain Formation during Hydrogen Loss and Reconstruction in Carbon Nanobelts
Authors: Tanuma Yuri , Dunk Paul , Maekawa Toru , Ewels Chris P.
Published: June 2022

Using laser-induced vaporisation to evaporate and ionise a source of curved polyaromatic hydrocarbons (carbon nanobelts), we show collision impacts between species cause mass loss and the resultant ions are catalogued via mass-spectrometry. These data are interpreted via a series of “in-silico”-simulated systematic hydrogen-loss studies using density functional theory modelling, sequentially removing hydrogen atoms using thermodynamic stability as a selection for subsequent dehydrogenation. Initial hydrogen loss results in the formation of carbyne chains and pentagon-chains while the nanobelt rings are maintained, giving rise to new circular strained dehydrobenzoannulene species. The chains subsequently break, releasing CH and C2. Alternative routes towards the formation of closed-cages (fullerenes) are identified but shown to be less stable than chain formation, and are not observed experimentally. The results provide important information on collision degradation routes of curved molecular carbon species, and notably serve as a useful guide to high-energy impact conditions observed in some astrochemical environments.
High Quality TaS2 Nanosheet SPR Biosensors Improved Sensitivity and the Experimental Demonstration for the Detection of Hg2+
Authors: Jia Yue , Liao Yunlong , Cai Houzhi
Published: June 2022

TaS2 as transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) two-dimensional (2D) material has sufficient unstructured bonds and large inter-layer spacing, which highly supports transporting and absorbing mercury ions. The structural characterizations and simulation data show that an SPR sensor with high sensitivity can be obtained with a TaS2 material-modified sensitive layer. In this paper, the role of TaS2 nanoparticles in an SPR sensor was explored by simulation and experiment, and the TaS2 layer in an SPR sensor was characterized by SEM, elemental mapping, XPS, and other methods. The application range of structured TaS2 nanoparticles is explored, these TaS2 based sensors were applied to detect Hg2+ ions at a detection limit approaching 1 pM, and an innovative idea for designing highly sensitive detection techniques is provided.
Enhancing the Low-Temperature CO Oxidation over CuO-Based α-MnO2 Nanowire Catalysts
Authors: Cui Yan , Song Huikang , Shi Yiyu , Ge Pengxiang , Chen Mindong , Xu Leilei
Published: June 2022

A series of CuO-based catalysts supported on the α-MnO2 nanowire were facilely synthesized and employed as the CO oxidation catalysts. The achieved catalysts were systematically characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS-mapping, XPS and H2-TPR. The catalytic performances toward CO oxidation had been carefully evaluated over these CuO-based catalysts. The effects of different loading methods, calcination temperatures and CuO loading on the low temperature catalytic activity of the catalyst were investigated and compared with the traditional commercial MnO2 catalyst with a block structure. It was found that the slenderness ratio of a CuO/α-MnO2 nanowire catalyst decreases with the increase in CuO loading capacity. The results showed that when CuO loading was 3 wt%, calcination temperature was 200 °C and the catalyst that was supported by the deposition precipitation method had the highest catalytic activity. Besides, the α-MnO2 nanowire-supported catalysts with excellent redox properties displayed much better catalytic performances than the commercial MnO2-supported catalyst. In conclusion, the CuO-based catalysts that are supported by α-MnO2 nanowires are considered as a series of promising CO oxidation catalysts.
Strong Field Enhancement and Unidirectional Scattering Based on Asymmetric Nanoantenna
Authors: Huang Dengchao , Liu Shilin , Li Wei , Yang Kang , Peng Ting
Published: June 2022

Dielectric-metal nanostructures have lately emerged as one of the most promising approaches to modulating light at the optical frequency. Their remarkable electric and magnetic resonances give them a one-of-a-kind ability to augment local field enhancements with negligible absorption losses. Here, we propose a hybrid metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) nanoantenna that contains a dimer of three-layers of shell nanoparticles. In addition, we only theoretically and numerically show the optical properties of the hybrid dimer nanoantenna. We found that the nanoantenna sustained unidirectional forward scattering with narrow beamwidth (30.9 deg) and strong scattering intensity (up to 5 times larger than the single MDM particle). Furthermore, when the hybrid asymmetric dimer was excited by the plane wave with different electric polarization directions, our findings revealed that the hybrid nanoantenna boosted the gap’s electric near-field while also supporting unidirectional forward scattering. Finally, we analyzed the hybrid dimer with substrates of different materials. It supported strong electric high-order moments along the z-axis and x-axis in gaps between MDM nanoparticles and between MDM nanoparticles and the Ge substrate, owing to the intense displacement currents inside of the dielectric layer. We found that the local electric field of this MDM hybrid dimer nanoantenna with Ge substrate was well improved and attained 3325 v/m.
Intrinsic Multienzyme-like Activities of the Nanoparticles of Mn and Fe Cyano-Bridged Assemblies
Authors: Zhang Yunong , Kudriashov David , Pershina Liubov , Offenhäusser Andreas , Mourzina Yulia
Published: June 2022

This study investigates the intrinsic multienzyme-like properties of the non-stabilized nanocrystalline nanoparticles of manganese-doped Prussian blue (Mn-PB) nanozymes and Prussian blue (PB) nanozymes in chemical and electrocatalytic transformations of reactive oxygen species. The effect of manganese doping on the structural, biomimetic, and electrocatalytic properties of cyano-bridged assemblies is also discussed.
Dynamic and Active THz Graphene Metamaterial Devices
Authors: Wang Lan , An Ning , He Xusheng , Zhang Xinfeng , Zhu Ao , Yao Baicheng , Zhang Yaxin
Published: June 2022

In recent years, terahertz waves have attracted significant attention for their promising applications. Due to a broadband optical response, an ultra-fast relaxation time, a high nonlinear coefficient of graphene, and the flexible and controllable physical characteristics of its meta-structure, graphene metamaterial has been widely explored in interdisciplinary frontier research, especially in the technologically important terahertz (THz) frequency range. Here, graphene’s linear and nonlinear properties and typical applications of graphene metamaterial are reviewed. Specifically, the discussion focuses on applications in optically and electrically actuated terahertz amplitude, phase, and harmonic generation. The review concludes with a brief examination of potential prospects and trends in graphene metamaterial.
Preoperative Phase Angle as a Risk Indicator in Cardiac Surgery—A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Ryz Sylvia , Nixdorf Larissa , Puchinger Jürgen , Lassnigg Andrea , Wiedemann Dominik , Bernardi Martin H.
Published: June 2022

Background: The phase angle (PhA) can be used for prognostic assessments in critically ill patients. This study describes the perioperative course of PhA and associated risk indicators in a cohort of elective cardiac surgical patients. Methods: The PhA was measured in 168 patients once daily until postoperative day (POD) seven. Patients were split into two groups depending on their median preoperative PhA and analyzed for several clinical outcomes; logistic regression models were used. Results: The PhA decreased from preoperative (6.1° ± 1.9°) to a nadir on POD 2 (3.5° ± 2.5°, mean difference −2.6° (95% CI, −3.0°; −2.1°; p < 0.0001)). Patients with lower preoperative PhA were older (71.0 ± 9.1 vs. 60.9 ± 12.0 years; p < 0.0001) and frailer (3.1 ± 1.3 vs. 2.3 ± 1.1; p < 0.0001), needed more fluids (8388 ± 3168 vs. 7417 ± 2459 mL, p = 0.0287), and stayed longer in the ICU (3.7 ± 4.5 vs. 2.6 ± 3.8 days, p = 0.0182). Preoperative PhA was independently influenced by frailty (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.61; 0.98; p = 0.0344) and cardiac function (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.07; 3.19; p = 0.028), whereas the postoperative PhA decline was independently influenced by higher fluid balances (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.75; 0.99; p = 0.0371) and longer cardiopulmonary bypass times (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98; 0.99; p = 0.0344). Conclusion: Perioperative PhA measurement is an easy-to-use bedside method that may critically influence risk evaluation for the outcome of cardiac surgery patients.
Dietary Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Induces Satiation by Enhancing the Postprandial Activation of Vagal Afferent Nerves
Authors: Nakamura Utano , Nohmi Taichi , Sagane Riho , Hai Jun , Ohbayashi Kento , Miyazaki Maiko , Yamatsu Atsushi , Kim Mujo , Iwasaki Yusaku
Published: June 2022

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is present in the mammalian brain as the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and in foods. It is widely used as a supplement that regulates brain function through stress-reducing and sleep-enhancing effects. However, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, as it is reportedly unable to cross the blood–brain barrier. Here, we explored whether a single peroral administration of GABA affects feeding behavior as an evaluation of brain function and the involvement of vagal afferent nerves. Peroral GABA at 20 and 200 mg/kg immediately before refeeding suppressed short-term food intake without aversive behaviors in mice. However, GABA administration 30 min before refeeding demonstrated no effects. A rise in circulating GABA concentrations by the peroral administration of 200 mg/kg GABA was similar to that by the intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg GABA, which did not alter feeding. The feeding suppression by peroral GABA was blunted by the denervation of vagal afferents. Unexpectedly, peroral GABA alone did not alter vagal afferent activities histologically. The coadministration of a liquid diet and GABA potentiated the postprandial activation of vagal afferents, thereby enhancing postprandial satiation. In conclusion, dietary GABA activates vagal afferents in collaboration with meals or meal-evoked factors and regulates brain function including feeding behavior.
Changes in Phospholipid Composition of the Human Cerebellum and Motor Cortex during Normal Ageing
Authors: Hancock Sarah E. , Friedrich Michael G. , Mitchell Todd W. , Truscott Roger J. W. , Else Paul L.
Published: June 2022

(1) Background: Changes in phospholipid (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, i.e., PC, PE and PS) composition with age in the mitochondrial and microsomal membranes of the human cerebellum and motor cortex were examined and compared to previous analyses of the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. (2) Methods: Nano-electrospray ionization on a hybrid triple quadrupole–linear ion trap mass spectrometer was used to analyse the brain regions of subjects aged 18–104 years. (3) Results: With age, the cerebellum showed many changes in the major phospholipids (>10% of the phospholipid class). In both membrane types, these included increases in PE 18:0_22:6 and PS 18:0_22:6, decreases in PE 18:0_20:4 and PS 18:0_18:1 and an increase in PC 16:0_16:0 (microsomal membrane only). In addition, twenty-one minor phospholipids also changed. In the motor cortex, only ten minor phospholipids changed with age. With age, the acyl composition of the membranes in the cerebellum increased in docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) and decreased in the arachidonic (20:4) and adrenic (22:4) acids. A comparison of phospholipid changes in the cerebellum, motor cortex and other brain areas is provided. (4) Conclusions: The cerebellum is exceptional in the large number of major phospholipids that undergo changes (with consequential changes in acyl composition) with age, whereas the motor cortex is highly resistant to change.
Effect of Dewaxed Coffee on Gastroesophageal Symptoms in Patients with GERD: A Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Polese Barbara , Izzo Luana , Mancino Nicola , Pesce Marcella , Rurgo Sara , Tricarico Maria Cristina , Lombardi Sonia , De Conno Barbara , Sarnelli Giovanni , Ritieni Alberto
Published: June 2022

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is multifactorial pathogenesis characterized by the abnormal reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. Symptoms are worse after the ingestion of certain foods, such as coffee. Hence, a randomized pilot study conducted on 40 Italian subjects was assessed to verify the effect of standard (SC) and dewaxed coffee (DC) consumption on gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. The assessment of patient diaries highlighted a significant percentage reduction of symptoms frequency when consuming DC and a significant increase in both heartburn-free and regurgitation-free days. Consequentially, patients had a significant increase of antacid-free days during the DC assumption. Moreover, the polyphenolic profile of coffee pods was ascertained through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis. Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) were the most abundant investigated compounds with a concentration level ranging between 7.316 (DC) and 6.721 mg/g (SC). Apart from CGAs, caffeine was quantified at a concentration level of 5.691 mg/g and 11.091 for DC and SC, respectively. While still preliminary, data obtained from the present pilot study provide promising evidence for the efficacy of DC consumption in patients with GERD. Therefore, this treatment might represent a feasible way to make coffee more digestible and better tolerated.