bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utility of Raman Spectroscopy in Pulmonary Medicine
Authors: Dzelve Pauls , Legzdiņa Arta , Krūmiņa Andra , Tirzīte Madara
Published: October 2024

The Raman effect, or as per its original description, “modified scattering”, is an observation that the number of scattered light waves shifts after photons make nonelastic contact with a molecule. This effect allows Raman spectroscopy to be very useful in various fields. Although it is well known that Raman spectroscopy could be very beneficial in medicine as a diagnostic tool, there are not many applications of Raman spectroscopy in pulmonary medicine. Mostly tumor tissue, sputum and saliva have been used as material for analysis in respiratory medicine. Raman spectroscopy has shown promising results in malignancy recognition and even tumor staging. Saliva is a biological fluid that could be used as a reliable biomarker of the physiological state of the human body, and is easily acquired. Saliva analysis using Raman spectroscopy has the potential to be a relatively inexpensive and quick tool that could be used for diagnostic, screening and phenotyping purposes. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a growing cause of disability and death, and its phenotyping using saliva analysis via Raman spectroscopy has a great potential to be a dependable tool to, among other things, help reduce hospitalizations and disease burden. Although existing methods are effective and generally available, Raman spectroscopy has the benefit of being quick and noninvasive, potentially reducing healthcare costs and workload.
Accuracy Assessment of NOAA IMS 4 km Products on the Tibetan Plateau with Landsat-8 OLI Images
Authors: Chu Duo
Published: October 2024

The NOAA IMS (Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System) is a blended snow and ice product based on active and passive satellite sensors, ground observation, and other auxiliary information, providing the daily cloud-free snow cover extent in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and having great application potential in snow cover monitoring and research in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, accuracy assessment of products is crucial for various aspects of applications. In this study, Landsat-8 OLI images were used to evaluate and validate the accuracy of IMS products in snow cover monitoring on the TP. The results show that (1) average overall accuracy of IMS 4 km products is 76.0% and average mapping accuracy is 88.3%, indicating that IMS 4 km products are appropriate for large-scale snow cover monitoring on the TP. (2) IMS 4 km products tend to overestimate actual snow cover on the TP, with an average commission rate of 45.4% and omission rate of 11.7%, and generally present that the higher the proportion of snow-covered area, the lower the probability of omission rate and the higher the probability of commission rate. (3) Mapping accuracy of IMS 4 km snow cover on the TP generally is higher at the high altitudes, and commission and omission errors increase with the decrease of elevation. (4) Compared with less regional representativeness of ground observations, the spatial characteristics of snow cover based on high-resolution remote sensing data are much more detailed, and more reliable verification results can be obtained. (5) In addition to commission and omission error metrics, the overall accuracy and mapping accuracy based on the reference image instead of classified image can better reveal the general monitoring accuracy of IMS 4 km products on the TP area.
The Role of Machine Learning in Enhancing Battery Management for Drone Operations: A Focus on SoH Prediction Using Ensemble Learning Techniques
Authors: Çetinus Büşra , Oyucu Saadin , Aksöz Ahmet , Biçer Emre
Published: October 2024

This study considers the significance of drones in various civilian applications, emphasizing battery-operated drones and their advantages and limitations, and highlights the importance of energy consumption, battery capacity, and the state of health of batteries in ensuring efficient drone operation and endurance. It also describes a robust testing methodology used to determine battery SoH accurately, considering discharge rates and using machine learning algorithms for analysis. Machine learning techniques, including classical regression models and Ensemble Learning methods, were developed and calibrated using experimental UAV data to predict SoH accurately. Evaluation metrics such as Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) assess model performance, highlighting the balance between model complexity and generalization. The results demonstrated improved SoH predictions with machine learning models, though complexities may lead to overfitting challenges. The transition from simpler regression models to intricate Ensemble Learning methods is meticulously described, including an assessment of each model’s strengths and limitations. Among the Ensemble Learning methods, Bagging, GBR, XGBoost, LightGBM, and stacking were studied. The stacking technique demonstrated promising results: for Flight 92 an RMSE of 0.03% and an MAE of 1.64% were observed, while for Flight 129 the RMSE was 0.66% and the MAE stood at 1.46%.
Interdisciplinary Innovations and Applications of Bionics and Bioengineering in Kinesiology
Authors: Tai Wei-Hsun , Wu Wenjian , Yu Haibin , Zhang Rui
Published: October 2024

Kinesiology, as an interdisciplinary field, emphasizes the study of human physical activity, with a particular focus on biomechanics and sports science [...]
Lightweight Optic Disc and Optic Cup Segmentation Based on MobileNetv3 Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Chen Yuanqiong , Liu Zhijie , Meng Yujia , Li Jianfeng
Published: October 2024

Glaucoma represents a significant global contributor to blindness. Accurately segmenting the optic disc (OD) and optic cup (OC) to obtain precise CDR is essential for effective screening. However, existing convolutional neural network (CNN)-based segmentation techniques are often limited by high computational demands and long inference times. This paper proposes an efficient end-to-end method for OD and OC segmentation, utilizing the lightweight MobileNetv3 network as the core feature-extraction module. Our approach combines boundary branches with adversarial learning, to achieve multi-label segmentation of the OD and OC. We validated our proposed approach across three public available datasets: Drishti-GS, RIM-ONE-r3, and REFUGE. The outcomes reveal that the Dice coefficients for the segmentation of OD and OC within these datasets are 0.974/0.900, 0.966/0.875, and 0.962/0.880, respectively. Additionally, our method substantially lowers computational complexity and inference time, thereby enabling efficient and precise segmentation of the optic disc and optic cup.
Longitudinal Analyses of Mental Health in Autistic Individuals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tafolla Maira , Lord Catherine
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Co-occurring mental health conditions affect autistic individuals at high rates, impacting their well-being and quality of life. Mental health conditions are often appropriate treatment targets that can improve the lives of autistic individuals. Because of this, there is growing interest in predictors of mental health and behavioral outcomes. Given the rapidly evolving evidence base and growing literature using longitudinal cohorts, it is unclear which predictors of symptoms of anxiety and depression are consistent, and which are not. Additionally, it is difficult to deduce which predictors of mental health symptoms at a given time also predict change over time. This can be partially due to the different statistical approaches that are implemented, including trajectory vs. non-trajectory methodologies. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to evaluate how non-trajectory and trajectory analyses inform our knowledge of how symptoms of anxiety and depression change over time. Additionally, we aimed to identify important predictors of change and later anxiety and depressive symptoms in autistic individuals. Results: There is variability in symptoms of anxiety and depression in autistic individuals. Adaptive skills arose as significant predictors of change and of later symptoms of both anxiety and depression. Peer relationships in school age seem to be particularly important in predicting later symptoms of depression. Conclusions: This review provides evidence that there are different trajectories and different patterns of mental health symptoms over the lifespan, providing further evidence that autism is a developmental condition that changes over time in different ways for different people. Implications and future directions are further discussed.
The Impact of FDA-Approved Novel Agents for Steroid-Refractory Chronic Graft vs. Host Disease on Treatment Patterns and Outcomes—A Single-Center Longitudinal Cohort Analysis
Authors: Fridberg Gil , Amit Odelia , Karni Chen , Tshernichovsky Dina , Shasha David , Rouach Vanessa , Varssano David , Bar-Shai Amir , Goldberg Ilan , Wasserman Gilad , Avivi Irit , Ram Ron
Published: October 2024

Objectives—chronic graft vs. host disease (cGVHD) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. We aimed to analyze advances in treatment strategy and outcomes during the last decade due to the incorporation of novel immunosuppressive therapy (IST) drugs in the armamentarium. Methods—we retrospectively analyzed all patients > 18 years with cGVHD after their first hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) between 2012 and 2020 (n = 91), divided into three treatment periods: 2012–2014, 2015–2017, and 2018–2020 (groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Results—mean cumulative steroid dose and dose/total cGVHD-treatment days was lower in groups 2–3 compared to 1 (p = 0.008 and p = 0.042, respectively). The median IST-free survival was 79 (95%CI54–94) months, with more patients in group 3 (47% (95%CI 25–54%) discontinuing IST at 3 years, p = 0.1). Groups 2–3 compared to 1 had better glycemic control (p < 0.01), higher bone density (p = 0.06), and fewer cardiovascular events. The number of admissions/patient dropped from 0.7/year in group 1 to 0.24/year and 0.36/year in groups 2–3, respectively (p = 0.36). Employment reintegration was higher in groups 2–3 compared with 1 (p = 0.05) and so was earlier return to work (p = 0.01). There were no differences in survival outcomes. Conclusions—the incorporation of novel agents appears to be associated with reduced overall steroid burden, improved cGVHD control, and fewer long-term side effects.
Complications of Tumor Nephrectomy with and Without Tumor Thrombus in the Vena Cava, Recorded with the Clavien–Dindo Classification: A Matched-Pair Analysis
Authors: Frölich Ute Maria , Leucht Katharina , Grimm Marc-Oliver , Foller Susan
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Radical nephrectomy (RN) with inferior vena cava thrombectomy (IVCT) is indicated for the curative management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with tumor thrombus (TT). In the literature, any direct comparison of complications between RNs with or without IVCT is lacking. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare complications after RNs with or without IVCT. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of the complications recorded in RCC patients who underwent RN with (TT group, n = 44) or without (non-TT group, n = 44) IVCT between 2009 and 2021 was conducted. The non-TT group was identified via propensity-score matched-pair analysis. Postoperative complications up until discharge or postoperative day 30, whichever came first, were classified using the Clavien–Dindo classification (CDC). Complications were categorized into cardiovascular, pulmonary, bleeding, gastrointestinal, neurological/psychiatric, wound, urinary tract, dysglycemia, and other groups. Statistical analyses using descriptive statistics included the chi2 and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: All CDC-grade postoperative complications were more frequent in the TT than in the non-TT group regarding the number of patients affected (93% vs. 73%), as well as per patient (median: 3 vs. 1; p < 0.001). Complications in CDC grade ≥ 3 were rare and comparable between groups. Cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological/psychiatric, and bleeding complications occurred significantly more often in the TT group. However, its small study population and retrospective character limit this study. Conclusions: Significantly more patients undergoing an RN-IVCT experience more frequent postoperative complications than patients with an RN but without IVCT. Surgeons performing the procedures should be experienced, and hospital staff should be trained in the early recognition and treatment of complications.
The Diversity of Methylation Patterns in Serous Borderline Ovarian Tumors and Serous Ovarian Carcinomas
Authors: Szafron Laura A. , Iwanicka-Nowicka Roksana , Sobiczewski Piotr , Koblowska Marta , Dansonka-Mieszkowska Agnieszka , Kupryjanczyk Jolanta , Szafron Lukasz M.
Published: October 2024

Background: Changes in DNA methylation patterns are a pivotal mechanism of carcinogenesis. In some tumors, aberrant methylation precedes genetic changes, while gene expression may be more frequently modified due to methylation alterations than by mutations. Methods: Herein, 128 serous ovarian tumors were analyzed, including borderline ovarian tumors (BOTS) with (BOT.V600E) and without (BOT) the BRAF V600E mutation, low-grade (lg), and high-grade (hg) ovarian cancers (OvCa). The methylome of the samples was profiled with Infinium MethylationEPIC microarrays. Results: The biggest number of differentially methylated (DM) CpGs and regions (DMRs) was found between lgOvCa and hgOvCa. By contrast, the BOT.V600E tumors had the lowest number of DM CpGs and DMRs compared to all other groups and, in relation to BOT, their genome was strongly downmethylated. Remarkably, the ten most significant DMRs, discriminating BOT from lgOvCa, encompassed the MHC region on chromosome 6. We also identified hundreds of DMRs, being of potential use as predictive biomarkers in BOTS and hgOvCa. DMRs with the best discriminative capabilities overlapped the following genes: BAIAP3, IL34, WNT10A, NEU1, SLC44A4, and HMOX1, TCN2, PES1, RP1-56J10.8, ABR, NCAM1, RP11-629G13.1, AC006372.4, NPTXR in BOTS and hgOvCa, respectively. Conclusions: The global genome-wide hypomethylation positively correlates with the increasing aggressiveness of ovarian tumors. We also assume that the immune system may play a pivotal role in the transition from BOTS to lgOvCa. Given that the BOT.V600E tumors had the lowest number of DM CpGs and DMRs compared to all other groups, when methylome is considered, such tumors might be placed in-between BOT and OvCa.
Enhancing Prostate Cancer Staging: Association of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Imaging with Histopathological Grading in Treatment-Naive Patients
Authors: Pisotskyi Oleksii , Petrasz Piotr , Zorga Piotr , Gałęski Marcin , Szponar Pawel , Brzeźniakiewicz-Janus Katarzyna , Drewa Tomasz , Kaczmarek Krzysztof , Cezary Czarnogórski Michał , Adamowicz Jan
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between 68Ga-PSMA uptake in PSMA PET/CT in primary prostate cancer (PC) and its histopathological grading (Gleason score and ISUP grade). Additionally, we compared preoperative biopsy histopathological findings with definitive pathology results in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 86 patients who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for primary PC staging, of which 40 patients later underwent radical prostatectomy. PET/CT results, including SUVmax values, were correlated with GS and PSA concentrations. Histopathology reports were analyzed and compared between biopsy and final pathology results following RP. Results: A significant positive correlation was observed between SUVmax and ISUP grades (Pearson’s ρ = 0.34, p < 0.001), with higher SUVmax values associated with more advanced grades. A cut-off SUVmax value of 5.64 was determined to predict upstaging in patients, yielding a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 60% (AUC = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70–0.94). Additionally, 57.5% of patients experienced a grade shift following RP, with a 35% upgrade and 22.5% downgrade in ISUP grades. Conclusion: 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting high-risk prostate cancer, particularly in patients with GS > 7 or PSA levels ≥ 10 ng/mL. The findings suggest that this imaging modality may be less effective for the staging of patients with lower GS or PSA values, that is, low-risk PCa. Further prospective studies are necessary to validate these results.
Chronic Low-Dose-Rate Radiation-Induced Persistent DNA Damage and miRNA/mRNA Expression Changes in Mouse Hippocampus and Blood
Authors: Wang Hong , Lau Salihah , Tan Amanda , Tang Feng Ru
Published: October 2024

Our previous study demonstrated that the acute high-dose-rate (3.3 Gy/min) γ-ray irradiation (γ-irradiation) of postnatal day-3 (P3) mice with 5 Gy induced depression and drastic neuropathological changes in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of adult mice. The present study investigated the effects of chronic low-dose-rate (1.2 mGy/h) γ-irradiation from P3 to P180 with a cumulative dose of 5 Gy on animal behaviour, hippocampal cellular change, and miRNA and mRNA expression in the hippocampus and blood in female mice. The radiation exposure did not significantly affect the animal’s body weight, and neuropsychiatric changes such as anxiety and depression were examined by neurobehavioural tests, including open field, light-dark box, elevated plus maze, tail suspension, and forced swim tests. Immunohistochemical staining did not detect any obvious loss of mature and immature neurons (NeuN and DCX) or any inflammatory glial response (IBA1, GFAP, and PDGFRα). Nevertheless, γH2AX foci in the stratum granulosum of the dentate gyrus were significantly increased, suggesting the chronic low-dose-rate irradiation induced persistent DNA damage foci in mice. miRNA sequencing and qRT-PCR indicated an increased expression of miR-448-3p and miR-361-5p but decreased expression of miR-193a-3p in the mouse hippocampus. Meanwhile, mRNA sequencing and qRT-PCR showed the changed expression of some genes, including Fli1, Hs3st5, and Eif4ebp2. Database searching by miRDB and TargetScan predicted that Fli1 and Hs3st5 are the targets of miR-448-3p, and Eif4ebp2 is the target of miR-361-5p. miRNA/mRNA sequencing and qRT-PCR results in blood showed the increased expression of miR-6967-3p and the decreased expression of its target S1pr5. The interactions of these miRNAs and mRNAs may be related to the chronic low-dose-rate radiation-induced persistent DNA damage.
A Comparative Analysis of Models for AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy for Inherited Retinal Diseases
Authors: Alsalloum Almaqdad , Gornostal Ekaterina , Mingaleva Natalia , Pavlov Roman , Kuznetsova Ekaterina , Antonova Ekaterina , Nadzhafova Aygun , Kolotova Daria , Kadyshev Vitaly , Mityaeva Olga , Volchkov Pavel
Published: October 2024

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) represent a diverse group of genetic disorders leading to progressive degeneration of the retina due to mutations in over 280 genes. This review focuses on the various methodologies for the preclinical characterization and evaluation of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy as a potential treatment option for IRDs, particularly focusing on gene therapies targeting mutations, such as those in the RPE65 and FAM161A genes. AAV vectors, such as AAV2 and AAV5, have been utilized to deliver therapeutic genes, showing promise in preserving vision and enhancing photoreceptor function in animal models. Despite their advantages—including high production efficiency, low pathogenicity, and minimal immunogenicity—AAV-mediated therapies face limitations such as immune responses beyond the retina, vector size constraints, and challenges in large-scale manufacturing. This review systematically compares different experimental models used to investigate AAV-mediated therapies, such as mouse models, human retinal explants (HREs), and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal organoids. Mouse models are advantageous for genetic manipulation and detailed investigations of disease mechanisms; however, anatomical differences between mice and humans may limit the translational applicability of results. HREs offer valuable insights into human retinal pathophysiology but face challenges such as tissue degradation and lack of systemic physiological effects. Retinal organoids, on the other hand, provide a robust platform that closely mimics human retinal development, thereby enabling more comprehensive studies on disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies, including AAV-based interventions. Specific outcomes targeted in these studies include vision preservation and functional improvements of retinas damaged by genetic mutations. This review highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each experimental model and advocates for their combined use in developing targeted gene therapies for IRDs. As research advances, optimizing AAV vector design and delivery methods will be critical for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and improving clinical outcomes for patients with IRDs.
PKD2: An Important Membrane Protein in Organ Development
Authors: Wang Shuo , Kang Yunsi , Xie Haibo
Published: October 2024

PKD2 was first identified as the pathogenic protein for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and is widely recognized as an ion channel. Subsequent studies have shown that PKD2 is widely expressed in various animal tissues and plays a crucial role in tissue and organ development. Additionally, PKD2 is conserved from single-celled organisms to vertebrates. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in the function of PKD2 in key model animals, focusing on the establishment of left–right organ asymmetry, renal homeostasis, cardiovascular development, and signal transduction in reproduction and mating. We specifically focus on the roles of PKD2 in development and highlight future prospects for PKD2 research.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0008726 Targets the hsa-miR-206-3p/KLF4 Axis to Modulate 4,4′-Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate-Glutathione Conjugate-Induced Chemokine Transcription in Macrophages
Authors: Lin Chen-Chung , Law Brandon F. , Hettick Justin M.
Published: October 2024

Exposure to 4,4′-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in the workplace may lead to the development of occupational asthma (OA). However, the specific mechanism(s) by which MDI induces OA are poorly understood. Previous reports have demonstrated that MDI and MDI-glutathione (GSH) conjugate exposure downregulates endogenous human/murine (hsa/mmu)-microRNA(miR)-206-3p, resulting in the activation of mmu/hsa-miR-206-3p-regulated signaling pathways in macrophages. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate many important biological processes by targeting endogenous miRs; however, whether MDI/MDI-GSH exposure may influence circRNA expressions is unknown. Several circRNAs have been identified that regulate hsa-miR-206-3p. We hypothesize that MDI-GSH conjugate exposure induces endogenous circRNA(s) to regulate hsa-miR-206-3p in macrophages. The expression of candidate hsa-miR-206-3p-binding circRNAs was determined from MDI-GSH conjugate-treated differentiated THP-1 macrophages using RT-qPCR. MDI-GSH exposures induced hsa_circ_0008726 and its host gene transcript DNAJB6, whereas other circRNA(s) examined were either not detected or unchanged. RNA-induced silencing complex-immunoprecipitation (RISC-IP) experiments confirm that hsa-miR-206-3p can bind to hsa_circ_0008726. The expressions of endogenous hsa-miR-206-3p, hsa-miR-206-3p-regulated KLF4, and KLF4-activated M2 macrophage-associated markers and chemokines were up-/down-regulated by transfection of hsa_circ_0008726 siRNAs or hsa_circ_0008726 overexpression plasmid in macrophages, respectively. These results suggest MDI-GSH exposure downregulates hsa-miR-206-3p via induction of endogenous hsa_circ_0008726/DNAJB6, resulting in the upregulation of hsa-miR-206-3p-mediated regulations in macrophages.
Hymecromone Promotes Longevity and Insulin Sensitivity in Mice
Authors: Nagy Nadine , Czepiel Kathryn S. , Kaber Gernot , Stefanovski Darko , Hargil Aviv , Pennetzdorfer Nina , Targ Robert , Reghupaty Saranya C. , Wight Thomas N. , Vernon Robert B. , Hull-Meichle Rebecca L. , Marshall Payton , Medina Carlos O. , Martinez Hunter , Kalinowski Anissa , Paladini Rudolph D. , Garantziotis Stavros , Knowles Joshua W. , Bollyky Paul L.
Published: October 2024

Given that the extracellular matrix polymer hyaluronan (HA) has been implicated in longevity, we asked whether 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), an inhibitor of HA synthesis, impacts lifespan in mice. We designed a prospective study of long-term administration of 4-MU with conventional C57BL/6J mice. We find that 4-MU extends median survival from 122 weeks (control) to 154 weeks (4-MU), an increase of 32 weeks (p < 0.0001 by Log-rank Mantel Cox test). The maximum lifespan of 4-MU treated mice increased from 159 to 194 weeks. In tandem with these effects, 4-MU enhances insulin sensitivity, a metabolic parameter known to regulate lifespan, as measured by insulin tolerance testing (ITT) as well as frequent sampling intra venous glucose tolerance tests (FSIVGTTs). We further observed that 4-MU treated mice weigh less while consuming the same amount of food, indicating that 4-MU treatment alters energy expenditure. However, we do not observe changes in tissue HA content in this model. We conclude that 4-MU promotes insulin sensitivity and longevity but that the underlying mechanism, and the contribution of HA is unclear. 4-MU, already approved in various countries for hepatobiliary conditions, is currently under investigation and clinical development as a therapy for several chronic inflammatory conditions. These data suggest that the beneficial effects of 4-MU on tissue metabolism may include effects on longevity.
Effects of a 12-Week Mixed-Method Physical Exercise Program on Physical Fitness, Stress, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: A Case Series Study
Authors: Nitz Alexandrina Cavalcante Rodrigues , Ferreira José Pedro , Ribeiro Elaine Maria , da Rocha Juliana Albuquerque , Andrade Toscano Chrystiane Vasconcelos , Campos Maria João
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Although the health benefits related to physical exercise for adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) have been recognized, studies indicate that individuals with CP at school age are less involved in physical activities than their typical peers and are twice as likely to engage in sedentary behaviors. Therefore, our study aims to investigate the effects of a physical exercise program on physical fitness, stress, anxiety, and quality-of-life variables. Methods: A total of 15 teenagers with ambulatory CP (n = 8 boys, n = 7 girls, between 12 and 18 years old; M = 14.35; SD = 1.76) completed a 12-week program based on a mixed-method approach with face-to-face and live online activities. The outcome measures were physical fitness, stress, anxiety, and quality of life. Results: The 12-week exercise program resulted in gains in muscular strength, flexibility, and aerobic endurance tests, characterized by an increase in average walking speed and average VO2 max. There was also a significant change in the perception of emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress reported by the participants. Conclusions: The program proved to be effective in physical fitness tests and perception of emotional states. Given the positive effects produced by the program, its design appears to meet the demands of adolescents with cerebral palsy.
Investigating the Inhibitory Potential of Flavonoids against Aldose Reductase: Insights from Molecular Docking, Dynamics Simulations, and gmx_MMPBSA Analysis
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Park Jinyoung , Han Eun-Taek , Han Jin-Hee , Park Won Sun , Chun Wanjoo
Published: October 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, with aldose reductase playing a critical role in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of flavonoid compounds as potential aldose reductase inhibitors using a combination of molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The three-dimensional structures of representative flavonoid compounds were obtained from PubChem, minimized, and docked against aldose reductase using Discovery Studio’s CDocker module. The top 10 compounds Daidzein, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Butin, Genistein, Sterubin, Baicalein, Pulchellidin, Wogonin, and Biochanin_A were selected based on their lowest docking energy values for further analysis. Subsequent MD simulations over 100 ns revealed that Daidzein and Quercetin maintained the highest stability, forming multiple conventional hydrogen bonds and strong hydrophobic interactions, consistent with their favorable interaction energies and stable RMSD values. Comparative analysis of hydrogen bond interactions and RMSD profiles underscored the ligand stability. MMPBSA analysis further confirmed the significant binding affinities of Daidzein and Quercetin, highlighting their potential as aldose reductase inhibitors. This study highlights the potential of flavonoids as aldose reductase inhibitors, offering insights into their binding interactions and stability, which could contribute to developing novel therapeutics for DM complications.
Morphological and Corrosion Characterization of Electroless Ni-P Coatings Deposited on Ductile Iron
Authors: Ortiz Nicolás , González-Parra Jesús Rafael , Olaya Jairo , Agredo Dayi , Valdez Raul , Waage Helgi , Bolarín Ana María , Sánchez Félix , Barba-Pingarrón Arturo
Published: October 2024

Ductile iron is distinguished by its balance of mechanical properties and other advantageous characteristics, including its capacity to absorb energy. This makes it suitable for applications requiring high strength. However, its performance is impaired by its low corrosion resistance. In this study, a Ni-P coating was applied to the surface of ductile cast iron using electroless nickel plating to increase its corrosion resistance in 0.1 M NaCl. The characterization of the substrate and the coated materials was conducted using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical noise. The results show that the coating deposited on a ductile iron is amorphous, compact, homogeneous, and well-adhered. The surface hardness is increased by 53%. Also, a notable increase in corrosion resistance is evidenced by the blocking effect of the coating that delimits the access of the electrolyte to the ductile iron coating. The corrosion mechanism is related to the mixed and localized corrosion phenomena for the different evaluation times.
Effect of Zinc Powder Reduced Graphene Oxide on the Corrosion Resistance of Waterborne Inorganic Zinc-Rich Coatings
Authors: Fang Xuefei , Yuan Yuchun , Wang Qiuyue , Ji Chengwei , Wu Yuna , Liu Huan , Jiang Jinghua , Ma Aibin
Published: October 2024

Graphene oxide (GO) is considered an ideal material for applications involving corrosion resistance due to its excellent properties. However, the structure, surface functional groups, and distribution of GO in zinc-rich coatings (ZRCs) have a remarkable influence on coating properties. GO was reduced in a hydrochloric acid environment using spherical zinc powder, and the resulting products were subsequently dried and incorporated into waterborne inorganic ZRCs. Results show that zinc powder effectively reduces oxygen-containing functional groups on the GO surface, and reduced GO (rGO) is deposited on the surface of zinc powder. This improves the electron migration efficiency of rGO and decreases its surface energy. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray test results demonstrate that among the coatings, the ZRC containing 0.2 wt.% rGO (40Zn–0.2rGO) exhibits the highest impedance modulus at the low frequency end. Its impedance modulus reaches 1 × 104 Ω∙cm2 after 216 h immersion. Furthermore, 40Zn–0.2rGO exhibits no signs of corrosion at the marked areas even after 216 h of the salt spray test. The good dispersion effect of the added 0.2 wt.% rGO in the coating, coupled with its exceptional electrical conductivity, facilitates the enhanced contribution of zinc powder to cathodic protection, thereby mitigating the matrix erosion caused by corrosive media. Following zinc powder corrosion, the surface of the coating can still be adorned with insoluble corrosion products such as ZnO or Zn5(OH)8Cl2, thereby offering shielding protection to the substrate.
Tribological and Corrosion Properties of Al2O3@Y2O3-Reinforced Ni60A Composite Coatings Deposited Using Laser Cladding
Authors: Yin Yu , Ma Xing-Hua , Li Jingwei , Zhang Shuling , Yin Zihao , Ma Minghao , Guo Feng
Published: October 2024

Since rare earth oxides and hard ceramic particles improve coating quality, a novel Al2O3@Y2O3 core–shell structure was prepared. Then, Ni60A coatings with different amounts (2~6 wt.%) of Al2O3@Y2O3 core–shell structures were prepared using laser cladding technology on an H13 steel surface. To demonstrate the unique effect of the core–shell structure on the performance of the coatings, a set of controlled experiments was also conducted with different proportions of Al2O3-Y2O3 mechanically mixed powders. The effect of Al2O3@Y2O3 addition on the phase composition, element distribution, microstructure, wear, and corrosion resistance of the coatings was characterized and tested thoroughly. By comparing the forming quality, hardness, wear, and corrosion resistance of the different coatings, 2 wt.% was confirmed as the optimal concentration of Al2O3@Y2O3, and its corresponding friction coefficient was about 0.44. The wear rate was approximately 4.15 × 10−3 mm3·(N·m)−1, the self-corrosion potential was around −0.3659 V, and the self-corrosion current density was about 1.248 × 10−6 A·cm−2.
Large Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Duodenum: Description of Two Rare Subtypes and Technical Details on Surgical Treatment
Authors: Lucandri Giorgio , Fiori Giulia , Genualdo Flaminia , Falbo Francesco , Biancucci Andrea , Pende Vito , Mazzocchi Paolo , Farina Massimo , Campagna Domenico , Santoro Emanuele
Published: October 2024

Background: Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are uncommon, accounting for less than 4% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. Prognosis is related to tumoral staging and grading, as well as to the specific subtype. In this article, we retrospectively describe the clinical presentation and surgical treatment of two rare large duodenal NETs: a high-grade G3 NET and a Gangliocytic Paraganglioma (GP). Methods: Both patients presented with moderate-to-high-degree abdominal pain, without jaundice. Main vessel involvement and metastatic spread were excluded with imaging, while preoperative bioptic diagnosis was obtained via percutaneous needle citology and endoscopic ultrasound. Results: The presence of a sessile large lesion contraindicated any conservative approach in favor of a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The detection of soft pancreatic tissue and a narrowed main pancreatic duct led us to perform a pancreaticogastrostomy to restore proper pancreatic drainage and to minimize the risk of postoperative leakage. Conclusion: PD may be a favorable choice in these cases; this procedure is challenging, but it results in a safer and more favorable clinical outcome for our patients. Pancreaticogastrostomy may guarantee lower rates of postoperative leak and appears to be preferred in this subset of patients.
Correction: Zhang et al. A New Semi-Quantum Two-Way Authentication Protocol between Control Centers and Neighborhood Gateways in Smart Grids. Entropy 2024, 26, 644
Authors: Zhang Qiandong , Zhang Kejia , Hou Kunchi , Zhang Long
Published: October 2024

In the published publication [...]
Applications of Machine Learning Technologies for Feedstock Yield Estimation of Ethanol Production
Authors: Lim Hyeongjun , Kim Sojung
Published: October 2024

Biofuel has received worldwide attention as one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Particularly, in many countries such as the U.S. and Brazil, first-generation ethanol from corn and sugar cane has been used as automobile fuel after blending with gasoline. Nevertheless, in order to continuously increase the use of biofuels, efforts are needed to reduce the cost of biofuel production and increase its profitability. This can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of a sequential biofuel production process consisting of multiple operations such as feedstock supply, pretreatment, fermentation, distillation, and biofuel transportation. This study aims at investigating methodologies for predicting feedstock yields, which is the earliest step for stable and sustainable biofuel production. Particularly, this study reviews feedstock yield estimation approaches using machine learning technologies that focus on gradually improving estimation accuracy by using big data and computer algorithms from traditional statistical approaches. Given that it is becoming increasingly difficult to stably produce biofuel feedstocks as climate change worsens, research on developing predictive modeling for raw material supply using the latest ML techniques is very important. As a result, this study will help researchers and engineers predict feedstock yields using various machine learning techniques, and contribute to efficient and stable biofuel production and supply chain design based on accurate predictions of feedstocks.
Envelope Deficiencies and Thermo-Hygrometric Challenges in Warehouse-Type Buildings in Subtropical Climates: A Case Study of a Nori Distribution Center
Authors: Xu Yue , Fukuda Hiroatsu , Wei Xindong , Yin Tingting
Published: October 2024

Enhancing the energy efficiency and climate resilience of existing buildings is crucial amid growing environmental challenges. While extensive research has focused on non-residential buildings, studies on thermo-hygrometric conditions in warehouse-type buildings, particularly in subtropical climates, remain limited. This study investigated the impact of building envelope deficiencies on indoor thermal and moisture regulation at the Nori Distribution Center. Using infrared thermal imaging and long-term environmental monitoring, significant thermo-hygrometric fluctuations were identified, primarily due to design and construction deficiencies. Poor insulation, inadequate sealing, and the lack of moisture barriers contributed to unstable indoor temperature and humidity. Seasonal analysis showed that during summer, the median second-floor air temperature reached 28.8 °C, peaking at 39.2 °C, with relative humidity exceeding 70% for 45% of the time. First-floor relative humidity surpassed 70% for 72% of the time. While condensation risk remains low year-round, it increases significantly with air infiltration through gaps in the building envelope. This study recommends enhancing the sealing of the building envelope, upgrading insulation materials and moisture barriers, particularly in the roof, and optimizing the HVAC system to improve energy efficiency and storage conditions. These findings offer valuable recommendations for retrofitting warehouse-type buildings in subtropical climates to improve energy efficiency and climate resilience.
Energy and Economic Analysis of a New Combination Cascade Waste Heat Recovery System of a Waste-to-Energy Plant
Authors: Ling Jialu , Chen Xinjian
Published: October 2024

Waste incineration has become the main treatment method for urban household waste, and it can produce a large amount of electricity. The efficiency of waste incineration plants is reduced due to the large amount of waste heat carried away by the flue gas. Recycling and utilizing the waste heat from flue gas are important in improving the economic benefits of waste incineration, which is necessary for energy conservation and emission reduction. Based on the principle of cascade waste heat recovery from waste incineration flue gas whilst considering system safety and efficiency, this study proposed a new combination cascade waste heat recovery system consisting of a Rankine cycle, an organic Rankine cycle and a heat pump cycle. Thermodynamic and economic analyses of the combined system were conducted in detail. The results indicated that the energy efficiency of the combined system could reach up to 73%. The maximum net present value of the system was million USD 1.59 million, and the dynamic investment payback period was about 6.5 years. The isentropic efficiency of the combined system’s pumps and turbines had a significant impact on the system’s performance. A higher isentropic efficiency resulted in better system performance. The exergy analysis showed that the evaporator of the heat pump system had the highest irreversible loss.
Determinants of Financial Viability of Forest Concession in Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Lima Fernanda Borges de , Souza Álvaro Nogueira de , Matricardi Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli , Coelho Júnior Luiz Moreira , Lima Ingrid Borges de , Mosmann Agadir Jhonatan , Mossmann Cleria Regina do Nascimento , Gomes Cláudio Júnior Oliveira
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to assess the financial viability of forest concessions in the state of Pará, Brazil. Two Forest Management Units (FMUs) were analyzed: FMU-2, located in Saracá-Taquera National Forest, and FMU-3, located in Caxiuanã National Forest. Financial indicators were evaluated under different timber productivity scenarios (20 m3/ha and 25.8 m3/ha). At a logging intensity of 20 m3/ha, FMU-2 was not financially viable. However, both FMUs were financially viable at 25.8 m3/ha. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that FMU-2 requires a logging intensity of over 22 m3/ha and a sawmill yield efficiency of at least 45%. The ideal cost for sawn wood would be USD 226.53/m3, with royalties of USD 16.00/m3. FMU-3 consistently demonstrated positive financial results, despite fluctuations in production costs. The financial viability of investing in forest concessions in state of Pará depends largely on forest productivity, sawmill yield, royalties, and sawn wood costs.
FGYOLO: An Integrated Feature Enhancement Lightweight Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Forest Fire Detection Framework Based on YOLOv8n
Authors: Zheng Yangyang , Tao Fazhan , Gao Zhengyang , Li Jingyan
Published: October 2024

To address the challenges of complex backgrounds and small, easily confused fire and smoke targets in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based forest fire detection, we propose an improved forest smoke and fire detection algorithm based on YOLOv8. Considering the limited computational resources of UAVs and the lightweight property of YOLOv8n, the original model of YOLOv8n is improved, the Bottleneck module is reconstructed using Group Shuffle Convolution (GSConv), and the residual structure is improved, thereby enhancing the model’s detection capability while reducing network parameters. The GBFPN module is proposed to optimize the neck layer network structure and fusion method, enabling the more effective extraction and fusion of pyrotechnic features. Recognizing the difficulty in capturing the prominent characteristics of fire and smoke in a complex, tree-heavy environment, we implemented the BiFormer attention mechanism to boost the model’s ability to acquire multi-scale properties while retaining fine-grained features. Additionally, the Inner-MPDIoU loss function is implemented to replace the original CIoU loss function, thereby improving the model’s capacity for detecting small targets. The experimental results of the customized G-Fire dataset reveal that FGYOLO achieves a 3.3% improvement in mean Average Precision (mAP), reaching 98.8%, while reducing the number of parameters by 26.4% compared to the original YOLOv8n.
Comparing the Efficacy of Seaweed Rafts and Light Traps in Monitoring the Variation in Abundance and Diversity of Juvenile Fish Assemblage During Diurnal and Nocturnal Periods in Tropical Coastal Waters
Authors: Fan Chufeng , Miao Zhongbo , Li Yongxiang , Xia Wentong , Lu Ying , Xie Songguang , Song Yiqing
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the relative and combined effectiveness of seaweed rafts and light traps in attracting juvenile fish, focusing on diel variations in juvenile fish assemblage in the tropical coastal waters of Gaolong Bay, Wenchang City, Hainan Province. Sampling was conducted in May 2023 during various time periods using self-made artificial drifting seaweed rafts and light traps. The nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis was employed to compare the diversity and catch per unit effort of juvenile fish across different time periods and sampling methods. The Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance, heatmaps, and Principal Coordinates Analysis were used to analyze and visualize the differences between juvenile fish assemblages. Our findings indicate that light traps were particularly effective during nocturnal periods, capturing a diverse array of species and achieving the highest richness and evenness indices. Seaweed rafts demonstrated the lowest diversity indices, largely due to the dominance of specific species, which likely contributed to the competitive exclusion of other species. Seaweed rafts showed significant effectiveness during noon, providing critical habitat and shelter that attracted juvenile fish despite the lower diversity. While each method demonstrated specific advantages, their combined approach did not significantly improve juvenile fish aggregation compared to the individual method. These findings underscore the importance of considering diel and tidal cycles in the selection of sampling methods, as aligning the method with the time of day can greatly enhance the accuracy of biodiversity assessments, leading to more informed conservation and management strategies for tropical coastal waters.
Using Celery Powder in a Semi-Dry Fermented Sausage ‘Heat-Treated Sucuk’: Nitrosamine Formation, Lipid Oxidation, and Volatile Compounds
Authors: Yılmaz Oral Zeynep Feyza , Kaya Mükerrem , Kaban Güzin
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the effect of using celery powder (CP) as source of pre-converted nitrite (treatments: A: 150 mg/kg NaNO2, B: 100 mg/kg NaNO2 + CP as 50 mg/kg NaNO2 equivalent, C: 50 mg/kg NaNO2 + CP as 100 mg/kg NaNO2 equivalent, D: CP as 150 mg/kg NaNO2 equivalent) on the physicochemical and microbiological properties in heat-treated sucuk (HTS), a kind of semi-dry fermented sausage. The influence of cooking time (CT) on the nitrosamine formation in HTS with and without CP was also determined. The results indicated that the use of CP increased the pH value and decreased the aw value. Micrococcus/Staphylococcus and residual nitrite were not affected by the use of CP. TBARS value varied from 0.78 to 0.90 mg MDA/kg. CP did not affect the abundance of hexanal in HTS, however, it increased the abundance of camphene. The results of PCA showed that treatments A, B, and C had similar volatile compound profiles. CP did not affect both N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosodiethylamine, but their levels increased as the CT increased. Increased CT also resulted in increased N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) in all treatments, but the cooking for 1 min did not cause a significant increase in treatments A, B, and C. CP leads to a significant increase in NPIP content, especially after 3 and 5 min of cooking in HTS.