bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CIVIC IDENTITY AND FAMILY MEMORY OF THE URBAN YOUTH IN THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC ZONE (ON SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEYS IN POMORIE)
Authors: Podoplekin Andrey O.
Published: May 2024

The article represents data from sociological research held in 2021–2023 among the youth of the Arkhangelsk region (Pomorie), characterizing the state and characteristics of civic identity, its relationship to family history, which, in its turn, is treated as the basic level of historical memory. The specificity of the indicators is determined, among other, by the fact that they were obtained in the most ethnically homogeneous region of the Russia with the largest proportion of ethnic Russians in the population. Surveys of people, primarily aged 18–25 are, are presented in comparison with data from projects on similar topics implemented by leading sociological centers in Russia. Materials from Pomorie, i.e. in one of the bearing regions of the Russian Arctic zone, indicate that representatives of the post-Soviet generation in the Arkhangelsk agglomeration have a generally formed identity, based on the awareness of the legal connection with the state, as states by the novels in Russian Constitution from 2020 and the principles of current Russian nation-building policy. Another significant trend is changes in young people’s interpretation of ethnicity is performed in increasing importance of culture and language as its main criteria. Surveys also have confirmed the growing interest of young people to family history, with an average level of knowledge, as well as the presence of a personal, emotionally charged attitude towards the main events of Russian history. The presented results indicate the demand for new tools for stimulating, supporting and satisfying youth’s interest in history, which prospectively is an effective factor in the formation of a stable civic identity among a generation that in the next decade will form the majority in the political, economic, scientific and cultural elite of the Russian Federation.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MINERAL FERTILIZER WITH TRACE ELEMENTS OF BIOCHAR-AGRO TECHNICAL GRADE ON SPRING RAPESEED
Authors: Suleymanov Salavat , Safiollin Faik , Suleymanov Ruzal' , Motovalov Il'nur
Published: May 2024

The research was carried out in order to study the effectiveness of mineral fertilizer with microelements of Biochar-Agro Technical grade on spring rape crops on gray forest soils of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field experiments were conducted in 2023 on the basis of Agrobiotechnopark LLC (Narmonka village, Laishevsky Municipal District of the Republic of Tatarstan), laboratory analyses were carried out at the Center for Agroecological Research of the Kazan State Agrarian University. According to the research results, it was found that the application of Biochar-Agro fertilizer of the Technical brand contributed to an increase in the safety of plants for harvesting by 0.8 % compared with the control variant. In addition, the studied complex fertilizer contributed to an increase in the duration of the growing season of spring rapeseed. In the 10.0 kg/ha variant, the growing season was increased by 6 days. The height of the plants increases from 116.6 cm at the control, to 123.4 cm in the last version of the experiment, which is 6.8 centimeters higher than the control. In the variant Background NPK + Biochar-Agro brand: Technical (seed application, 10.0 kg /ha), the number of weeds per 1 m2 was 8.2 pcs., which is less than the control variant by 3.2 w. or 31.7 %. The maximum number of productive branches (5.5 pcs./plant) was formed on the variant of the near-sowing application of Biochar-Agro fertilizer of the Technical brand 10.0 kg/ha. The increase in the actual yield of spring rapeseed from the application of the studied preparation ranged from 0.23 to 0.49 t /ha, depending on the rate of application of Biochar-Agro brand fertilizers: Technical.
REALIZATION OF THE GENETIC POTENTIAL OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF BLACK-AND-WHITE CATTLE IN LARGE LIVESTOCK COMPLEXES
Authors: Shaydullin Radik
Published: May 2024

When introducing selection and breeding work in dairy cattle breeding, one of the problems is the difference between the genetic potential and the actual level of livestock productivity. A study was conducted of the degree of realization of the genetic potential of daughter cows depending on the level of the bull's pedigree index in terms of milk productivity. The objects of the research were black-and-white cows (5472 heads) and Holstein breeders (38 heads). The research was carried out in seven modern and large, highly mechanized livestock complexes of Krasny Vostok Agro JSC. The cows of the breeding core were distinguished by higher milk productivity and had a slightly higher degree of realization of genetic potential. The degree of realization of the genetic potential of the mass fraction of fat and protein in milk is at a high level, and in terms of milk yield the realization of the potential is low. It has been established that with an increase in the level of RIB in bulls, there is a decrease in the degree of realization of the genetic potential, both in milk yield and in fat content. Thus, in the RIB group with a milk yield level of less than 11,500 kg, the degree of milk yield realization was 49%, and in the group with the maximum RIB (more than 16,001 kg) only 31%. With an increase in RIB for fat content in milk, the level of realization of the genetic potential of milk fat content decreases from 109% (RIB group less than 3.60%) to 97% (RIB group more than 3.91%). A similar decrease in the degree of realization of the genetic potential of milk protein production is observed when the RIB of bulls in terms of the mass fraction of protein increases from 107% (RIB less than 3.10%) to 97% (RIB more than 3.31%). Consequently, a low level of sales can be observed among producers with productivity potential that exceeds the average herd milk yield by more than 50%. Therefore, it should be taken into account that dairy cattle with a high level of genetic productivity potential do not always have a high degree of its realization.
Alpha-gal syndrome: exploring the link between tick bites and red meat allergy
Authors: Szymonik Julia , Szopa Sebastian
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) arises from tick bites, triggering excessive IgE antibodies to galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal). Symptoms vary, often appearing post-α-Gal ingestion, ranging from mild to severe, including urticaria, angioedema and respiratory issues. Delayed symptom onset complicates diagnosis, posing challenges for patients. AGS can also result from contact with medical animal-derived products, such as bovine-derived heart valves, necessitating heightened healthcare provider awareness, especially in tick-exposed regions. Management involves allergen avoidance and emergency medications like epinephrine. Further research is needed to refine diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Purpose: Through literature review and clinical presentation description, we aim to raise awareness and enhance understanding of alpha-gal syndrome.
Description of the state of knowledge: AGS, an emerging atypical food allergy, stems from immune reactions to α-Gal oligosaccharide in mammalian meat and other animal products. Avoiding medical items containing alpha-gal is crucial to prevent iatrogenesis.
Summary: Understanding AGS etiology and symptoms is vital for diagnosis and management. Healthcare providers' lack of awareness may lead to underdiagnosis, inadequate patient care, and underestimation of affected individuals.
Forced Oxidative Degradation of Anti-Hepatitis C Drugs Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir: Characterization and Quantification
Authors: Mohamed Sabrein H. , Mohamed Rasha M.K. , El-Ansary Aida L. , Mahmoud Ahmed I. , Hasanin Tamer H. A.
Published: May 2024

This study focuses on the analysis of hepatitis C drugs, specifically sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DCL), and their oxidative products. The drugs were isolated and characterized using FTIR, 1HNMR, and Mass Spectrometry techniques. Additionally, the drugs were oxidized using cerium (IV) in the presence of sulfuric acid at 100ºC. A spectrophotometric method was developed for the quantitative analysis of SOF and DCL in pure and pharmaceutical forms. The oxidation of the drugs was monitored by back determination of residual Ce(IV) using Fe(II) with ferroin as an indicator at 510 nm. The method demonstrated good sensitivity with RSD%<1.0, and the data were statistically analyzed using t- and F-tests.
A Comparative Study of Photo-sensitizers in Reductant Surfactant System in Photogalvanic cell for Photo induced Power Generation and Storage
Authors: Rathore Jayshree , Arya Rakesh Kumar
Published: May 2024

In the recent research we compared the solar energy performance of photogalvanic cell (PG cell) for two food dyes that act as photosensitizer tatrazine and sunset yellow in the DSS-EDTA (Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate - Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) system for power generation and its storage. Both are azo food dyes and act as photosensitizer, DSS acts as an anionic Surfactant and EDTA act as a reductant. The electrical parameters of both dye systems were studied and compared. The observed conversion efficiencies and fill factor for both systems in the DSS-EDTA system were 0.6163%, 0.2800, and 1.2186%, 0.2900, respectively. The stable photopotential (Voc) was 879 mV and 864.0 mV whereas the stable photocurrent (isc) was 220µA and 390 µA, respectively. In addition to having built-in storage capacity, the photogalvanic cell can operate in dark conditions. The amount of time required for the cell to reach half the value of power at power point, which was measure its performance called t1/2 of the cell. Cell performance of both PG cell was determined and for the Tartrazine - EDTA - DSS system it has been obtained 100 minutes while for the sunset yellow - EDTA - DSS system it was observed at 140 minutes. The current-voltage (i-v) characteristics of both the systems have been studied.
An Experimental Study on the Evaluation of Boerhavia Diffusa in the Treatment of Psoriasis in Albino Mice
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Prajapati Pawan , Goyal Gauri , Rathore Virendra Pratap Singh , Mishra Ashutosh
Published: May 2024

Psoriasis, impacting 2-3% of the population, poses a chronic challenge. Conventional treatments having limited effectiveness and adverse effects; recent immunological insights foster targeted therapies, while herbal medications gain attention for safety and accessibility. The current research aimed to assess the efficacy of Boerhavia diffusa in mitigating psoriasis induced by imiquimod in mice. Study induced psoriasis in albino mice using 5% imiquimod cream for 5 days, then treated with Boerhavia diffusa (1% and 3%) and Tazarotene (0.1%). Parameters were assessed in the study viz. PASI score, spleen weight/body weight ratio, serum inflammatory markers (IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α), and skin histopathology. Mice treated with imiquimod exhibited noteworthy elevations in PASI score, spleen weight/body weight ratio, and serum inflammatory markers, which were effectively suppressed by Boerhavia diffusa and Tazarotene applications. Topically application of Boerhavia diffusa significantly ameliorated psoriasis, suggesting it as a promising, well-tolerated alternative to enhance the quality of life for affected individuals.
Iron Removal from Drinking Water System using Ecofriendly Synthesized Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: Omana Lekshmy , Kumari K S Beena , Vijayamma Nayana Senan
Published: May 2024

Urbanization and industrialization had decreased the drinking water quality to a greater extent. Iron contamination is a serious issue in many open well and bore well samples of Kerala, India. Intake of large amount of iron causes serious health issues to humans. There were several methods for the removal of iron from drinking water. But the cost of these treatments is not affordable to common people. Use of eco-friendly materials for the effective removal of iron from water samples is the major concern for this study. Different plant materials which are easily available in Kerala were used in this study for the effective removal of iron. Clitoria ternatea, which is a climber was selected as the adsorbent material. The extracts of this plant materials were incorporated in Magnesium based Metal-Organic-Framework (MOF) and used for water treatment. Among the prepared MOFs, that modified with flower extract of Clitoria ternatea, was found to be more effective at an adsorbent dosage of 40ppm. The adsorption process was analyzed using different isotherms and found suitable for Langmuir adsorption. Hence a mono-layer of adsorption was formed on the adsorbent surface by physical adsorption.
An RSM Modeling and Optimization: Utilizing Zn Nanoparticles for 2,4-D Photocatalytic Degradation in Water
Authors: Rajashekara Rakshitha , Ardra Raj Aleakudiyi Baburajan , Nagaraju Pallavi
Published: May 2024

Groundwater is the only source of clean water for human use in much of the world, but contaminants from the home, business, and agriculture—such as fertilizers and pesticides—can quickly contaminate it. The main objective of the current work was to investigate the photocatalytic removal of the herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from an aqueous medium utilizing environmentally friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles. One of the main areas of research has been the possible use of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in antifungal, antibacterial, and optical applications. Due to their unique qualities, the well-known nanoparticles utilized in nanotechnology and nanoscience have a wide range of practical applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical, medical, and rural sectors. These particles are used to degrade contaminants during synthetic production. Due to the availability of dangerous synthetic compounds and the outrageous climatic openness in these nanoparticles' physical and substance growth, eco-friendly approaches to utilizing plants have been established. The study includes a brief history of the production of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their application in the pollutant 2,4 D degrading process. This study highlights the use of neem extract in the manufacture of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their application in the removal of contaminants.
Computational Elucidation of Novel Synthetic Scheme for Erlotinib
Authors: Chavan Arun B. , Reddy Sanjeev M. , Chaitanya G. Krishna
Published: May 2024

The current study focusses on the use of quantum chemistry to elucidate the novel synthetic route for erlotinib from methyl 4,5-dihydroxy-2-isocyanobenzoate, which includes oxidative coupling, nucleophilic addition, cyclization and Williamson’s ether synthesis. The overall reaction requires three intermediate and produces 13 transition states [TS]. Which are less than the earlier reported synthetic schemes. The energies of each reactant, intermediate and products were calculated using DFT (density functional theory) and B3LYP/6-311+G* as a basis set. The energies diagram obtained indicates the novel proposed scheme could follow the easy path to obtain the product, moreover, the energy barrier required to overcome the transition state is low indicating, very less activation energy is required for every reactant to take part in chemical reaction.
Reconstruction of Paprosky IIIB acetabular defects with porous tantalum shells and augments using the footing technique
Authors: Wassilew Georgi I. , Zimmerer Alexander , Fischer Maximilian , Nonnenmacher Lars , O'Hara Laurence , Hube Robert
Published: May 2024

Aims

The use of a porous metal shell supported by two augments with the ‘footing’ technique is one solution to manage Paprosky IIIB acetabular defects in revision total hip arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to assess the medium-term implant survival and radiological and clinical outcomes of this technique.

Methods

We undertook a retrospective, two-centre series of 39 hips in 39 patients (15 male, 24 female) treated with the ‘footing’ technique for Paprosky IIIB acetabular defects between 2007 and 2020. The median age at the time of surgery was 64.4 years (interquartile range (IQR) 54.4 to 71.0). The median follow-up was 3.9 years (IQR 3.1 to 7.0).

Results

The cumulative medium-term survival of the acetabular construct was 89%. Two hips (5.1%) required further revision due to shell loosening, one hip (2.6%) due to shell dislocation, and one hip (2.6%) due to infection. The median Harris Hip Score improved significantly from 47 points (IQR 41.5 to 54.9) preoperatively to 80 points (IQR 73.5 to 88.6) at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The reconstruction of Paprosky IIIB acetabular defects with porous tantalum shells and two augments using the ‘footing’ technique showed excellent medium-term results. It is a viable option for treating these challenging defects.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):54–58.
Modular fluted tapered stems in two-stage reimplantation of previously infected total hip arthroplasties
Authors: Carender Christopher N. , Perry Kevin I. , Sierra Rafael J. , Trousdale Robert T. , Berry Daniel J. , Abdel Matthew P.
Published: May 2024

Aims

Uncemented implants are now commonly used at reimplantation of a two-stage revision total hip arthoplasty (THA) following periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, there is a paucity of data on the performance of the most commonly used uncemented femoral implants – modular fluted tapered (MFT) femoral components – in this setting. This study evaluated implant survival, radiological results, and clinical outcomes in a large cohort of reimplantation THAs using MFT components.

Methods

We identified 236 reimplantation THAs from a single tertiary care academic institution from September 2000 to September 2020. Two designs of MFT femoral components were used as part of an established two-stage exchange protocol for the treatment of PJI. Mean age at reimplantation was 65 years (SD 11), mean BMI was 32 kg/m2 (SD 7), and 46% (n = 109) were female. Mean follow-up was seven years (SD 4). A competing risk model accounting for death was used.

Results

The 15-year cumulative incidence of any revision was 24%. There were 48 revisions, with the most common reasons being dislocation (n = 25) and infection (n = 16). The 15-year cumulative incidence of any reoperation was 28%. Only 13 revisions involved the fluted tapered component (FTC), for a 15-year cumulative incidence of any FTC revision of 8%. Only two FTCs were revised for aseptic loosening, resulting in a 15-year cumulative incidence of FTC revision for aseptic loosening of 1%. Stem subsidence ≥ 5 mm occurred in 2% of unrevised cases. All stems were radiologically stable at most recent follow-up. Mean Harris Hip Score was 69 (SD 20) at most recent follow-up.

Conclusion

This series demonstrated that MFT components were durable and reliable in the setting of two-stage reimplantation THA for infection. While the incidence of aseptic loosening was very low, the incidence of any revision was 24% at 15 years, primarily due to dislocation and recurrent PJI.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):125–132.
Hip Reconstruction In Situ with Screws and Cement (HiRISC) construct to treat large acetabular bone defects
Authors: Villa Jesus M. , Rajschmir Katherine , Hosseinzadeh Shayan , Manrique-Succar Jorge , Grieco Preston , Higuera-Rueda Carlos A. , Riesgo Aldo M.
Published: May 2024

Aims

Large bone defects resulting from osteolysis, fractures, osteomyelitis, or metastases pose significant challenges in acetabular reconstruction for total hip arthroplasty. This study aimed to evaluate the survival and radiological outcomes of an acetabular reconstruction technique in patients at high risk of reconstruction failure (i.e. periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), poor bone stock, immunosuppressed patients), referred to as Hip Reconstruction In Situ with Screws and Cement (HiRISC). This involves a polyethylene liner embedded in cement-filled bone defects reinforced with screws and/or plates for enhanced fixation.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of 59 consecutive acetabular reconstructions was performed by four surgeons in a single institution from 18 October 2018 to 5 January 2023. Cases were classified based on the Paprosky classification, excluding type 1 cases (n = 26) and including types 2 or 3 for analysis (n = 33). Radiological loosening was evaluated by an orthopaedic surgeon who was not the operating surgeon, by comparing the immediate postoperative radiographs with the ones at latest follow-up. Mean follow-up was 557 days (SD 441; 31 to 1,707).

Results

Out of the 33 cases analyzed, six (18.2%) constructs required revision, with four revisions due to uncontrolled infection, one for dislocation, and one for aseptic loosening. Among the 27 non-revised constructs, only one showed wider radiolucencies compared to immediate postoperative radiographs, indicating potential loosening. Patients who underwent revision (n = 6) were significantly younger and had a higher BMI compared to those with non-revised constructs (p = 0.016 and p = 0.026, respectively). Sex, race, ethnicity, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, infection status (patients with postoperative PJI diagnosis (septic) vs patients without such diagnosis (aseptic)), and mean follow-up did not significantly differ between revised and non-revised groups.

Conclusion

The HiRISC technique may serve as a feasible short-term (about one to two years) alternative in patients with large acetabular defects, particularly in cases of PJI. Longer follow-up is necessary to establish the long-term survival of this technique.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):82–88.
A prospective randomized study of Refobacin Bone Cement R versus Palacos R + G
Authors: Angelomenos Vasileios , Mohaddes Maziar , Kärrholm Johan , Malchau Henrik , Shareghi Bita , Itayem Raed
Published: May 2024

Aims

Refobacin Bone Cement R and Palacos R + G bone cement were introduced to replace the original cement Refobacin Palacos R in 2005. Both cements were assumed to behave in a biomechanically similar fashion to the original cement. The primary aim of this study was to compare the migration of a polished triple-tapered femoral stem fixed with either Refobacin Bone Cement R or Palacos R + G bone cement. Repeated radiostereometric analysis was used to measure migration of the femoral head centre. The secondary aims were evaluation of cement mantle, stem positioning, and patient-reported outcome measures.

Methods

Overall, 75 patients were included in the study and 71 were available at two years postoperatively. Prior to surgery, they were randomized to one of the three combinations studied: Palacos cement with use of the Optivac mixing system, Refobacin with use of the Optivac system, and Refobacin with use of the Optipac system. Cemented MS30 stems and cemented Exceed acetabular components were used in all hips. Postoperative radiographs were used to assess the quality of the cement mantle according to Barrack et al, and the position and migration of the femoral stem. Harris Hip Score, Oxford Hip Score, Forgotten Joint Score, and University of California, Los Angeles Activity Scale were collected.

Results

Median distal migration (y-axis) at two years for the Refobacin-Optivac system was -0.79 mm (-2.01 to -0.09), for the Refobacin-Optipac system was -0.75 mm (-2.16 to 0.20), and for the Palacos-Optivac system was -1.01 mm (-4.31 to -0.29). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups. Secondary outcomes did not differ statistically between the groups at the two-year follow-up.

Conclusion

At two years, we found no significant differences in distal migration or clinical outcomes between the three groups. Our data indicate that Refobacin Bone Cement R and Palacos R + G are comparable in terms of stable fixation and early clinical outcomes.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5):435–441.
Research prioritization in paediatric orthopaedics and the impact on funding
Authors: Theologis Tim , Perry D. C.
Published: May 2024

In 2017, the British Society for Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery engaged the profession and all relevant stakeholders in two formal research prioritization processes. In this editorial, we describe the impact of this prioritization on funding, and how research in children’s orthopaedics, which was until very recently a largely unfunded and under-investigated area, is now flourishing. Establishing research priorities was a crucial step in this process.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5):422–424.
Engaging Student Voices and Choices: Developing a Playground for All
Authors: Shiver Victoria N. , Stoepker Peter , Biber Duke , Zizic Sadija
Published: May 2024

Abstract: It is critical to include student voices in the decision-making process regarding school playgrounds, empowering children to assist in the creation and design of their environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to engage student voice regarding current and ideal activity spaces. Data were collected through drawings and focus group interviews, followed by qualitative analysis. Three themes emerged: (1) participants believed both play structures and green spaces were critical; (2) participants prioritized group-based activities and safety; and (3) participants believed that the space would be ideal in alternative hours, but they did not believe their family members would use the space.
Hemingway's Iceberg and the Darwinian "War of Nature"
Authors: Bender Bert
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Underlying Hemingway's stories is his sense of humanity's place in nature, according to Darwin's theory of natural selection, and, far more importantly, according to the theory of sexual selection that Darwin produced in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex . Like the many writers who preceded Hemingway in their own studies of Darwin, he questioned the meaning of love, but he also showed how Darwin's "war of nature" underlies his characters' efforts to deal with the two motives of life, hunger and reproduction.
“Whirls at whim”: Tom Raworth, Attention, and Media Form
Authors: Byers Mark
Published: May 2024

abstract: This essay sites the mid-career work of British-Irish poet Tom Raworth at the juncture of modernist revival, media change, and the nascent attention economy of the 1970s, reading the typical Raworthian text as the ambivalent or coolly critical remediation of adjacent media. The essay suggests that Raworth’s writing raises two questions that bridge early twentieth-century modernism with the urgencies of the social media moment. Firstly, what is the status and function of poetic language in the context of information excess? And, secondly, how does the late modernist text come to terms with its own complicity in the competition for attentional resources?
Henry Green’s Investments
Authors: Harker Ben
Published: May 2024

abstract: Placing his oeuvre in a longue durée of capital and class relations, this article develops the recent contextual turn in the study of Henry Green, and hazards a materialist account of his style, focusing especially on his memoir, Pack My Bag (1940), and breakthrough novel, Living (1929). It revises the usual story, that Green’s literary modernism transcended, disrupted, or was irreconcilably at odds with his pin-striped, pro-business conservatism, arguing for homology and equivalence, not rupture or division, between his investments, commercial and aesthetic. Like Green’s unmodernist turn to business, the notoriously idiomatic, knotty, modernist style that defined Green’s most characteristic writing—the seven books published between 1929 and 1948—represents at a formal level a complex act of mediating—of simultaneously registering and resisting—the broadly democratizing economic, political, social and cultural processes transforming interwar Britain. Methodologically, the analysis supports a renewed emphasis on form, literary and linguistic, in materialist criticism of modernism and its moment.
Revitalization at a Distance: Engaging Digital Archives for Language Reclamation
Authors: Bowern Claire , Hanson Sue , Smith-Ali Denise , Hayden George
Published: May 2024

Abstract: In this paper, we describe collaborative work in progress on reclamation projects between Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia and the Chirila project. These projects were created in response to a need for language work which was responsive to community needs in different regions of Australia, but where the work could also be done remotely: that is, aiding reclamation work without taking attention away from local collaborations within families or schools. Such work does not in any way replace language work on the ground, and community-internal language work, but it can augment existing projects and continue connections while we cannot meet in person, as well as provide undergraduate linguistics students with in depth training in language documentation. In this article, we discuss how the bootcamps work and the types of materials that are particularly suited to this style of collaboration. We describe the types of materials that are produced and how these can feed into community language programs. We describe how the bootcamps use collaboration "at a distance" to train university students in ethics and community partnerships, and comment on how the projects have worked from both the community and university perspective. We stress, however, that this is only one possible model of remote collaboration.
Powerless in the storm: Severe weather-driven power outages in New York State, 2017–2020
Authors: Flores Nina M. , Northrop Alexander J. , Do Vivian , Gordon Milo , Jiang Yazhou , Rudolph Kara E. , Hernández Diana , Casey Joan A.
Published: May 2024

The vulnerability of the power grid to severe weather events is a critical issue as climate change is expected to increase extreme events, which can damage components of the power grid and/or lessen electrical power supply, resulting in power outages. However, largely due to an absence of granular spatiotemporal outage data, we lack a robust understanding of how severe weather-driven outages, their community impacts, and their durations distribute across space and socioeconomic vulnerability. Here, we pair hourly power outage data in electrical power operating localities (n = 1865) throughout NYS with urbanicity, CDC Social Vulnerability Index, and hourly weather (temperature, precipitation, wind speed, lightning strike, snowfall) data. We used these data to characterize the impact of extreme weather events on power outages from 2017–2020, while considering neighborhood vulnerability factors. Specifically, we assess (a) the lagged effect of severe weather on power outages, (b) common combinations of severe weather types contributing to outages, (c) the spatial distribution of the severe weather-driven outages, and (d) disparities in severe weather-driven outages by degree of community social vulnerability. We found that across NYS, 39.9% of all outages co-occurred with severe weather. However, certain regions, including eastern Queens, upper Manhattan and the Bronx of NYC, the Hudson Valley, and Adirondack regions were more burdened with severe weather-driven outages. Using targeted maximum likelihood estimation, we found that the frequency of heat-, precipitation-, and wind-driven outages disproportionately impacted vulnerable communities in NYC. When comparing durations of outages, we found that in rural regions, precipitation- and snow-driven outages lasted the longest in vulnerable communities. Under a shifting climate, anticipated increases in power outages will differentially burden communities due to regional heterogeneity in severe weather event severity, grid preparedness, and population socioeconomic profiles/vulnerabilities. As such, policymakers must consider these characteristics to inform equitable grid management and improvements.
Enhanced PRIM recognition using PRI sound and deep learning techniques
Authors: Hasani Azhdari Seyed Majid , Mahmoodzadeh Azar , Khishe Mohammad , Agahi Hamed
Published: May 2024

Pulse repetition interval modulation (PRIM) is integral to radar identification in modern electronic support measure (ESM) and electronic intelligence (ELINT) systems. Various distortions, including missing pulses, spurious pulses, unintended jitters, and noise from radar antenna scans, often hinder the accurate recognition of PRIM. This research introduces a novel three-stage approach for PRIM recognition, emphasizing the innovative use of PRI sound. A transfer learning-aided deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is initially used for feature extraction. This is followed by an extreme learning machine (ELM) for real-time PRIM classification. Finally, a gray wolf optimizer (GWO) refines the network’s robustness. To evaluate the proposed method, we develop a real experimental dataset consisting of sound of six common PRI patterns. We utilized eight pre-trained DCNN architectures for evaluation, with VGG16 and ResNet50V2 notably achieving recognition accuracies of 97.53% and 96.92%. Integrating ELM and GWO further optimized the accuracy rates to 98.80% and 97.58. This research advances radar identification by offering an enhanced method for PRIM recognition, emphasizing the potential of PRI sound to address real-world distortions in ESM and ELINT systems.
Machine learning in epidemiology: Neural networks forecasting of monkeypox cases
Authors: Alnaji Lulah
Published: May 2024

This study integrates advanced machine learning techniques, namely Artificial Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory, and Gated Recurrent Unit models, to forecast monkeypox outbreaks in Canada, Spain, the USA, and Portugal. The research focuses on the effectiveness of these models in predicting the spread and severity of cases using data from June 3 to December 31, 2022, and evaluates them against test data from January 1 to February 7, 2023. The study highlights the potential of neural networks in epidemiology, especially concerning recent monkeypox outbreaks. It provides a comparative analysis of the models, emphasizing their capabilities in public health strategies. The research identifies optimal model configurations and underscores the efficiency of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm in training. The findings suggest that ANN models, particularly those with optimized Root Mean Squared Error, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, and the Coefficient of Determination values, are effective in infectious disease forecasting and can significantly enhance public health responses.
Unregulated drinking water contaminants and adverse birth outcomes in Virginia
Authors: Young Holly A. , Kolivras Korine N. , Krometis Leigh-Anne H. , Marcillo Cristina E. , Gohlke Julia M.
Published: May 2024

Through the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR), the Environmental Protection Agency monitors selected unregulated drinking water contaminants of potential concern. While contaminants listed in the UCMR are monitored, they do not have associated health-based standards, so no action is required following detection. Given evolving understanding of incidence and the lack of numeric standards, previous examinations of health implications of drinking water generally only assess impacts of regulated contaminants. Little research has examined associations between unregulated contaminants and fetal health. This study individually assesses whether drinking water contaminants monitored under UCMR 2 and, with a separate analysis, UCMR 3, which occurred during the monitoring years 2008–2010 and 2013–2015 respectively, are associated with fetal health outcomes, including low birth weight (LBW), term-low birth weight (tLBW), and preterm birth (PTB) in Virginia. Singleton births (n = 435,449) that occurred in Virginia during UCMR 2 and UCMR 3 were assigned to corresponding estimated water service areas (n = 435,449). Contaminant occurrence data were acquired from the National Contaminant Occurrence Database, with exposure defined at the estimated service area level to limit exposure misclassification. Logistic regression models for each birth outcome assessed potential associations with unregulated drinking water contaminants. Within UCMR 2, N-Nitroso-dimethylamine was positively associated with PTB (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.14, P = 0.01). Molybdenum (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.97, P = 0.0) and vanadium (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.00, P = 0.04), monitored under UCMR 3, were negatively associated with LBW. Molybdenum was also negatively associated (OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.99, P = 0.03) with tLBW, though chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) was positively associated (OR 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.37, P = 0.03) with tLBW. These findings indicate that unregulated drinking water contaminants may pose risks to fetal health and demonstrate the potential to link existing health data with monitoring data when considering drinking water regulatory determinations at the national scale.
Microalga as biofertilizer improves yield, sugars and amino acids content in red beets
Authors: Novaski Aline , Mógor Átila Francisco , Amatussi Juliana Oliveira , Mógor Gilda
Published: May 2024

The growing uncertainty of future changes in our global climate may pose a threat to some traditional farming methods, stimulating the development of nature friendly technologies. Microalgae are a group of micro photosynthetic organisms, which have immense potential as a renewable and ecofriendly bioresource for various industries. The present study was developed to evaluate foliar sprays of a green microalga Asterarcys quadricellulare (CCAP 294/1) on organically grown red beets (Beta vulgaris L) A field experiment was implemented to evaluate microalgal biomass bioactivity and its effects in leaves and hypocotyl growth, comparing fresh and dry weight, yield; and biochemical alterations, comparing pigments, sugars and free amino acids. The spray dried biomass of the A. quadricellulare was applied to leaves at concentrations 0.05g, 0.1 g, 0.15g and 0.25 g L-¹. The sprays with the microalga biomass increased yield, and improved free amino acids, sugars, dry weight and beets commercial diameter. This study shows that the foliar sprays presented a biofertilizer effect, emphasizing the solution at 0.25 g L-¹, which resulted in a 52% increase in yield. The results indicate that the microalga is a nature friendly, renewable and economic resource for red beet production.
Toxicity of anthranilamides used in cucurbit cultivation on Apis mellifera
Authors: Costa Ewerton Marinho da , Barros Carlos Henrique Peixoto de , Silva Kaique Oliveira , Mendonça Allysson Jonhnny Torres , Cardoso Tiago Augusto Lima , Bezerra Carlos Eduardo Souza , Araujo Elton Lucio de
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of insecticides belonging to the chemical group Anthranilamide on Apis mellifera. Toxicity was evaluated in the two experiments, which corresponded to two exposure modes: direct spraying of the products on the bees and ingestion of a contaminated diet. The two bioassays were performed in a completely randomized design composed of eight treatments (absolute control – distilled water; positive control: Thiamethoxam at 0.03 and 0.3 g.a.i. L-1; Chlorantraniliprole: 0.015 g.a.i. L-1; Cyantraniliprole: 0.05 and 0.1 g.a.i. L-1; Chlorantraniliprole + Abamectin: 0.027+0.0108 g.a.i. L-1 and 0.045+0.018 g.a.i. L-1), with 10 replications each. Via exposure through direct spraying, the insecticide Chlorantraniliprole + Abamectin, regardless of the dose used, caused 100% bee mortality, showing a TL50 of 10.05h and 8.36h for the minimum and maximum doses, respectively. The insecticide Cyantraniliprole caused the death of 33.1% and 44.9% of the bees, respectively at the minimum and maximum doses, with a TL50 of 87.79 h for the two doses. The insecticide Chlorantraniliprole showed the lowest mortality rate, 24.7%, with a TL50 of 118.88h. Via ingestion of a contaminated diet, the insecticide Chlorantraniliprole + Abamectin caused 100% mortality and showed a TL50 of 27.83h and 24.01h at the minimum and maximum doses, respectively. The insecticide Cyantraniliprole caused the death of 67.6% and 68.1% of bees at the minimum and maximum doses, respectively, with a TL50 of 58.63 h for the two doses. Chlorantraniliprole shows the lowest mortality rate, 48.1%, and a TL50 of 79.68h.
Chloroplast pigments, water relationships, and growth of bell pepper under salt stress and nitrogen
Authors: Roque Iara Almeida , Soares Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos , Lima Geovani Soares de , Lopes Iracy Amelia Pereira , Silva Luderlândio de Andrade , Dantas Maíla Vieira , Torres Rafaela Aparecida Frazão , Souza Weslley Bruno Belo de
Published: May 2024

The use of saline water sources for irrigation in semi-arid regions is a challenge for horticultural production since plants are sensitive to salt stress conditions, thus requiring techniques that allow plant acclimation, including nitrogen fertilization. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the chloroplast pigments, water relationships, and growth of bell pepper plants irrigated with saline water and subjected to nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal - PB, where a randomized block design was adopted with a 5 x 5 factorial arrangement corresponding to five electrical conductivity levels of irrigation water (0.3, 1, 1.7, 2.4, and 3.1 dS m-1) and five nitrogen levels (50, 75, 100,125, and 150% of the dosage recommended for the crop), with three replications. The 125 and 150% N levels provided the highest relative water contents in bell pepper plants irrigated with electrical conductivity levels of up to 1.7 dS m-1. The contents of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and stem diameter of bell pepper plants decreased when fertilized with 150% N and irrigated with the electrical conductivity of 3.1 dS m-1.
Verweigerte Männlichkeit
Authors: Stephan Inge
Published: May 2024

In Zeiten der Debatten um »toxische Männlichkeit« scheint das Thema »verweigerte Männlichkeit« auf den ersten Blick randständig zu sein. Umso mehr erstaunt, dass es in der Literatur zahlreiche Figuren gibt, die den klassischen Heldendiskurs nicht bedienen und als Sonderlinge, Außenseiter oder Träumer von ihren Autoren konzipiert sind. Zwischen Rebellion und Melancholie schwankend entziehen sich die Männerfiguren den herrschenden Geschlechterdiskursen - oft um den Preis der eigenen Auslöschung. Anhand von Fallbeispielen vom Sturm und Drang bis zur Neuen Sachlichkeit stellt Inge Stephan abweichende, abtrünnige und alternative Typen von Männlichkeit vor und hinterfragt sie dabei kritisch auf ihr Widerstandspotential für die Gegenwart.
Anstiften zur guten Tat
Authors: Kafurke Anja
Published: May 2024

Die 1957 gegründete »Aktion Gemeinsinn e.V.« förderte die Zivilgesellschaft und das bürgerschaftliche Engagement in Deutschland, indem sie Werbekampagnen für gemeinnützige Zwecke in den Massenmedien veröffentlichte. Basierend auf einem breiten Quellenkorpus untersucht Anja Kafurke erstmals das Wirken dieser zivilgesellschaftlichen Initiative über einen Zeitraum von knapp 60 Jahren. In einem diskursanalytischen Zugriff nimmt sie die Werbekampagnen als solche sowie die Gesellschaft, in der diese produziert und rezipiert werden, in den Blick. So entsteht ein umfassender Beitrag zur Erforschung der Zivilgesellschaft, der auch den Blick für heutige Debatten und Entwicklungen schärft.
Sammeln nach 1998
Authors: Weber Jürgen
Published: May 2024

In welcher Weise beeinflusst die Provenienzforschung der letzten Jahrzehnte das Bibliothekswesen? Imperative und Bruchlinien der Wiedervereinigung beider deutscher Staaten bilden den Kontext, in dem Provenienzforschung und Restitution von NS-Raubgut nach den Washingtoner Prinzipien von 1998 heute umgesetzt werden. Als Teil der institutionalisierten Aufarbeitung der Vergangenheit löste die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema einen Veränderungsprozess der Bibliotheken aus: Innovative Sammlungskonzepte wurden entwickelt und Sammlungsbeschreibungen revolutioniert. Jürgen Weber skizziert den aktuellen, nicht abschließbaren Findungsprozess und beleuchtet in neun Studien aus den Jahren 2005 bis 2022 Gebrauch und Idee von Sammlungen.
Scientific Understanding
Authors: Höhl Anna Elisabeth
Published: May 2024

Understanding is an ability manifested by grasping relations of a phenomenon and articulating new explanations. Hence, scientific understanding is inextricably intertwined with and not possible without explanation, and understanding is not a type of propositional knowledge. Anna Elisabeth Höhl provides a novel philosophical account of scientific understanding by developing and defending necessary and sufficient conditions for the understanding that scientists achieve of the phenomena they are researching. This account of scientific understanding is based on and supported by a detailed investigation of an episode from scientific practice in biology.
The IMF and Class Struggle in Latin America
Authors: Barkin David , Santarcángelo Juan
Published: May 2024

The International Monetary Fund, part of the Bretton Woods Agreement that helped establish the current rules of the U.S.-dominated international capitalist system, claims to aim for a world of prosperity through so-called free trade. In Latin America, David Barkin and Juan Santarcángelo write, the IMF has contributed to the impoverishment of the working class and destruction of these countries' ecological legacies. But what does the future hold for the IMF in Latin America?
Legalitas Tanda Tangan Elektronik Terhadap Akta Notaris
Authors: Putri Reski Haristya , M.S. Edith Ratna
Published: May 2024

AbstractNotary as a Public Official authorized to make authentic deed. Notarial deed is a perfect proofing tool that can guarantee legal certainty in order to avoid the occurrence of the dispute. Along with the development of the times there are practices signatures electronically to the notary deed, but not yet recognized the power of the law. The presence of the consent of the signatory to the electronic information which will be signed electronically must use the mechanism to show the intent and purpose of the signature in an electronic transaction. Research methods writing this using the method of normative research, namely legal research that is done by researching library materials or secondary data as the basic material of the problems studied. The purpose of this study is to determine the legality of electronic signatures and determine the legal protection of the notary in the application of electronic signatures. The results of the research and conclusions of writing is the use of electronic signatures can not be applied in the deed because there is no regulation in detail on the legality of electronic signatures against notarial deed so it needs to be reconsidered the legal basis governing the position of notary.Keywords: electronic signature; notary; authentic deed.AbstrakNotaris sebagai Pejabat Umum yang berwenang membuat akta autentik. Akta Notaris merupakan alat pembuktian sempurna yang dapat menjamin kepastian hukum guna menghindari terjadinya sengketa. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman terdapat praktik tanda tangan secara elektronik terhadap akta notaris namun belum diakui kekuatan hukumnya. Adanya persetujuan penanda tangan terhadap informasi elektronik yang akan ditandatangani secara elektronik harus menggunakan mekanisme untuk memperlihatkan maksud dan tujuan penanda tangan dalam suatu transaksi elektronik. Metode penelitian penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif yaitu penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder sebagai bahan dasar permasalahan yang diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui legalitas tanda tangan elektronik dan mengetahui perlindungan hukum terhadap notaris dalam penerapan tanda tangan elektronik. Hasil penelitian dan kesimpulan dari penulisan adalah penggunaan tanda tangan elektronik belum dapat diterapkan dalam akta karena belum adanya peraturan secara rinci terhadap legalitas tanda tangan elektronik terhadap akta notaris, sehingga perlu dipertimbangkan kembali dasar hukum yang mengatur tentang jabatan notaris.Kata kunci: tanda tangan elektronik; notaris; akta.