bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating factors contributing to positive partnership work in a students-as-consultants partnership program
Authors: Foran Gabrielle , Knorr Kris , Taylor Rebecca L
Published: November 2020

McMaster University pioneered its Course Design/Delivery Consultants Program (CDDCP) in fall 2016. This program pairs an instructor partner who is teaching or preparing to teach a course with a student partner to obtain a student’s perspective on teaching and learning in their classroom. Although the CDDCP was based on Healey, Flint, and Harrington’s (2014) eight values of partnership, the contribution of other factors to its success was of interest. Participants’ experiences were analyzed using a framework informed by these values. Qualitative analysis showed that these values were reflected in participants’ experiences. Additionally, it was revealed that participants’ experiences in the CDDCP were enhanced by two additional factors: (a) prior experiences and experiences gained through CDDCP participation and (b) the extensive program structure of the CDDCP. These findings suggest that partnership programs involving students, instructors, and coordinators should (a) explicitly acknowledge the value of participants’ experiences and (b) facilitate face-to-face time among participants.
Students as partners in collaborative course design and educational research
Authors: Hanna-Benson Cortney , Kroeze Shayla , Gandhi Radhika , Haffie Tom , Wahl Lindi M.
Published: November 2020

The impact of collaborative course design is explored in this qualitative, longitudinal study of an upper-year course in which 30-40 undergraduate students co-designed the course syllabus, including both course content and assessments. In addition, the research questions and methods were co-designed by a research team involving six undergraduate student partners, an educational developer, and two faculty members. Student written work and focus-group transcripts were coded and analyzed using longitudinal interpretive phenomenological analysis. The two major themes emerging from this analysis were (a) growth (i.e., the development of academic skills, reflective practice, and personal growth that extended beyond the course), and (b) awareness (of students as a community of learners, of instructors as partners in learning, and of personal agency in learning). Personal reflections on the impact of this partnership revealed broad benefits to both students and academic staff.
SUCUKTAN İZOLE EDİLEN PEDIOCOCCUS SUŞLARININ BAZI TEKNOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: ASLAN Betül , ÖZDEN TUNCER Banu
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sucuktan izole edilen Pediococcus acidilactici (31 adet) ve Pediococcus pentasaceus (2 adet) suşlarının starter kültür olarak kullanım potansiyellerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla Pediococcus suşlarında laktik asit üretimi, proteolitik aktivite, lipolitik aktivite, nitrat redüktaz aktivitesi ve antibakteriyel madde üretim yetenekleri araştırılmıştır. Üç farklı besiyerinde (skim milk besiyeri, glukoz içeren skim milk besiyeri ve MRS broth besiyeri) 6. saat ve 24. saat sonunda yapılan pH ölçümleri kıyaslandığında en yüksek ΔpH değeri MRS broth besiyerinde 24 saat sonunda 1.71-2.49 aralığında hesaplanmıştır. En yüksek laktik asit üretimi de yine MRS broth besiyerinde 24 saat sonunda % 0.83-1.62 aralığında bulunmuştur. Suşların hiçbiri besiyeri ortamlarında proteolitik ve lipolitik aktivite göstermemiştir. Yirmi iki Pediococcus suşu kuvvetli, 4’ü ise zayıf nitrat redüktaz aktivitesi göstermiştir. Ayrıca tüm Pediococcus suşlarının indikatör bakterileri inhibe ettiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, hızlı asit üreten, nitrat redüktaz ve antibakteriyel aktiviteye sahip olduğu belirlenen Pediococcus suşlarının fermente et ürünleri üretiminde starter kültür olarak kullanılabileceği tespit edilmiştir.
Single‐cell transcriptome analysis reveals thyrocyte diversity in the zebrafish thyroid gland
Authors: Gillotay Pierre , Shankar Meghna , Haerlingen Benoit , Eski Sema Elif , Pozo‐Morales Macarena , Garteizgogeascoa Inés , Reinhardt Susanne , Kränkel Annekathrin , Bläsche Juliane , Petzold Andreas , Ninov Nikolay , Kesavan Gokul , Lange Christian , Brand Michael , Lefort Anne , Libert Frédérick , Detours Vincent , Costagliola Sabine , Sumeet Pal Singh
Published: November 2020

The thyroid gland regulates growth and metabolism via production of thyroid hormone in follicles composed of thyrocytes. So far, thyrocytes have been assumed to be a homogenous population. To uncover heterogeneity in the thyrocyte population and molecularly characterize the non‐thyrocyte cells surrounding the follicle, we developed a single‐cell transcriptome atlas of the region containing the zebrafish thyroid gland. The 6249‐cell atlas includes profiles of thyrocytes, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, immune cells, and fibroblasts. Further, the thyrocytes show expression heterogeneity, including bimodal expression of the transcription factor pax2a. To validate thyrocyte heterogeneity, we generated a CRISPR/Cas9‐based pax2a knock‐in line that monitors pax2a expression in the thyrocytes. A population of pax2a‐low mature thyrocytes interspersed in individual follicles can be distinguished. We corroborate heterogeneity within the thyrocyte population using RNA sequencing of pax2a‐high and pax2a‐low thyrocytes, which demonstrates 20% differential expression in transcriptome between the two subpopulations. Our results identify and validate transcriptional differences within the presumed homogenous thyrocyte population.
Inositol‐requiring enzyme‐1 regulates phosphoinositide signaling lipids and macrophage growth
Authors: Hamid Syed Muhammad , Citir Mevlut , Terzi Erdem Murat , Cimen Ismail , Yildirim Zehra , Dogan Asli Ekin , Kocaturk Begum , Onat Umut Inci , Arditi Moshe , Weber Christian , Traynor‐Kaplan Alexis , Schultz Carsten , Erbay Ebru
Published: November 2020

The ER‐bound kinase/endoribonuclease (RNase), inositol‐requiring enzyme‐1 (IRE1), regulates the phylogenetically most conserved arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, the complex biology and pathology regulated by mammalian IRE1 cannot be fully explained by IRE1’s one known, specific RNA target, X box‐binding protein‐1 (XBP1) or the RNA substrates of IRE1‐dependent RNA degradation (RIDD) activity. Investigating other specific substrates of IRE1 kinase and RNase activities may illuminate how it performs these diverse functions in mammalian cells. We report that macrophage IRE1 plays an unprecedented role in regulating phosphatidylinositide‐derived signaling lipid metabolites and has profound impact on the downstream signaling mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). This cross‐talk between UPR and mTOR pathways occurs through the unconventional maturation of microRNA (miR) 2137 by IRE1’s RNase activity. Furthermore, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) phosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) 5‐phosphatase‐2 (INPPL1) is a direct target of miR‐2137, which controls PI(3,4,5)P3 levels in macrophages. The modulation of cellular PI(3,4,5)P3/PIP2 ratio and anabolic mTOR signaling by the IRE1‐induced miR‐2137 demonstrates how the ER can provide a critical input into cell growth decisions.
RHEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE FLOW OF THERMOSENSITIVE CHITOSAN SYSTEMS
DURING INJECTION APPLICATION
Authors: Rył Anna , Owczarz Piotr
Published: November 2020

The aim of this paper was to conduct preliminary instrumental tests to determine the possibility of injection applications for thermosensitive chitosan systems, including injection needles and application conditions. Among the many biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of chitosan, the minimally invasive thermosensitive scaffolds that form in vivo are an interesting solution. Despite many studies on colloidal chitosan systems undergoing sol-gel phase transition, almost no studies have examined their injectability. It has been stated that the use of acetic acid as a solvent reduces the forces needed for injection. Moreover, the key impact of injection
temperature was determined. Storing the medium at room temperature before the injectability test led to a decrease in the value of forces needed for injection. The obtained results are discussed based on the change of the rheological properties of the chitosan hydrogels.
Tezukuri dan Percaya Diri: Representasi Perempuan dalam Iklan Cokelat Lotte Ghana Edisi Valentine
Authors: Pasaribu Rouli Esther , Putri Arnaisya Rachyu
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana perempuan direpresentasikan pada iklan cokelat Lotte Ghana di hari Valentine yang ditayangkan oleh televisi Jepang selama satu dekade terakhir (2010-2019). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis teks dengan teori representasi dari Stuart Hall dan konsep stereotip sifat dan peran gender dari Mary E. Kite. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iklan cokelat Lotte Ghana mendukung wacana perempuan ideal yang sesuai dengan standar norma patriarki. Sekalipun perempuan dalam iklan ini memiliki karakteristik maskulin seperti aktif, percaya diri, berani, tetapi semua karakteristik itu tetap dibatasi dalam peran femininnya yang aktif di dapur dan membuat cokelat buatan tangan sendiri untuk laki-laki yang disukai. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pada hari Valentine perempuan di Jepang memiliki kuasa serta peran aktif untuk berekspresi, tetapi kuasa yang ditampilkan tetap ada kaitannya dengan menyenangkan hati laki-laki, terbatas hanya pada hubungan laki-laki dan perempuan dan tidak berfokus pada perempuan itu sendiri serta tetap berada di ranah domestik. Selain itu, perempuan dalam iklan juga digunakan sebagai alat untuk menarik pembeli cokelat demi meraup keuntungan besar, sehingga dapat disimpulkan pada pembacaan di level  yang lebih dalam, iklan Lotte Ghana merupakan wujud kelindan antara wacana patriarki dan kapitalisme.
Purwarupa dan Kinerja Pengering Gabah Hybrid Solar Heating dan Photovoltaic Heater dengan Sistem Monitoring Suhu
Authors: Usman Usman , Muchtar Akhyar , Muhammad Umar , Lestari Nunik
Published: November 2020

Grain drying is a process to reduce grain moisture content to certain conditions, so the grain can last longer in storage. The grain dryer model used in this research was Indirect Type Solar Dryer (ITSD). In order to make this dryer can work at night, heating element that used electrical energy from solar panels was added. This energy is a renewable and environmentally friendly energy. This dryer was equipped with a temperature monitoring system and control of the photovoltaic heater. The results of temperature monitoring and voltage sensors to controlling photovoltaic heaters based on validation are categorized as work measurement tools, because they have an error of 0.5% – 2%. Whereas the relay works when the battery voltage is 11 - 10.9 V. This dryer can dry grain to reach a moisture content of 14.90% from initial  moisture content of 48.46%. The drying process lasts for 11 hours, which is 7 hours using solar energy and 4 hours using photovoltaic heaters. The average temperature produced by dryer system during the drying process is 35.28 °C with a drying efficiency of 60.14%.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN MENDENGARKAN SANDIWARA BAHASA JAWA SMP KELAS IX BERBASIS KULTURAL DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Prastya Dian
Published: November 2020

Abstract

This study is based on the fact that the listening rating achievments of the school play have not in accordance with literary discourse listening test. Usually, the teacher only gives brief description of the play. Therefore, the aim of this study is develop cultural based of listening instrument in thetrical subject. This reseach uses resesarch and development design. Reseach data were obtained from interviews and valid test questionnaires. The instrument produced according to the eeds of the teacher, the instrument of cultural-based theatrical play which contains the recording of the plays of Prince Mangkubumi (Pandanaran II) and nine forms of listening to the literally discourse. Expert  states that the instruments and recording of plays are valid with revisions.

Keywords: listening  plays, assessment instruments.

 

 

 

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini didasari pada kenyataan bahwa penilaian mendengarkan sandiwara di sekolah belum sesuai dengan keterampilan mendengarkan wacana sastra. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengembangkan instrumen penilaian mendengarkan sandiwara berbasis kultural. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Research and Development. Data penelitian diperoleh dari wawancara dan angket uji validasi. Instrumen yang dihasilkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan guru, yaitu instrumen penialaian sandiwara berbasis kultural yang berisikan rekamana sandiwara Pangeran Mangkubumi (Pandanaran II) dan sembilan bentuk soal mendengarkan wacana sastra.Hasil uji ahli menyatakan bahwa instrumen dan rekaman sandiwara valid dengan revisi.

Kata kunci: mendengarkan sandiwara, instrumen penilaian.
Pengembangan Buku Cerita Bergambar Berbasis Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Pangkur untuk Pembelajaran Bahasa Jawa SMP di Kota Semarang
Authors: Ardiyana Vindi Putri
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan karakteristik kebutuhan guru dan siswa terhadap buku cerita bergambar berbasis Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Pangkur untuk pembelajaran bahasa Jawa di SMP Kota Semarang,  (2) membuat prototipe buku cerita bergambar berbasis Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Pangkur, dan (3) mendeskripsikan hasil validasi ahli mengenai prototipe buku cerita bergambar berbasis Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Pangkur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan tahapan yaitu (1) potensi dan masalah, (2) pengumpulan data, (3) desain produk, (4) validasi desain, dan (5) revisi desain. Data pada penelitian ini adalah amanat dari Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Pangkur dan kebutuhan terhadap buku cerita bergambar berbasis Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Pangkur. Sumber data dari penelitian ini adalah Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Pangkur, guru dan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dan penyebaran angket. Analisis data pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan buku cerita bergambar berjudul Sinau Wulangreh Pupuh Pangkur. Setelah buku tersebut disusun, selanjutnya dilakukan uji validasi oleh ahli materi dan ahli media untuk mendapatkan saran dan perbaikan buku. Saran dan perbaikan dari ahli mencakup aspek materi, penyajian dan kegrafikaan. 

Kata Kunci : buku cerita bergambar, Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Pangkur, pengembangan.

 

ABSTRACK

The aims of this research are to (1) describe the characteristics of teachers and students’ need to a picture book with Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Pangkur base for Javanese Language learning process in SMP Kota Semarang, (2) to make a picture book prototype with Serat Wulangreh Pupuh base, and (3) describe the expert validation outcome about a picture book prototype with Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Pangkur base. This research uses research and development. The research stages were potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation and design revisions. The data in this study are mandated by Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Pangkur and the need for a picture book based on Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Pangkur. Sources of data from this study are Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Pangkur, teachers and students. The technique of collecting data uses interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis in this study is descriptive qualitative. This research produces a picture book entitled Sinau Wulangreh Pupuh Pangkur as teachers and students’ need. After this book is created, there would be a validity test by the material and media experts to have suggestion and revision. The scope of suggestion and revision by the experts are material, serving, and graphics.

Keywords: a picture book, Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Pangkur, development.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS SANDIWARA DENGAN PENGEMBANGAN STRUKTUR ALA KERNODLE PADA SISWA KELAS IX-F SMPN 10 SEMARANG
Authors: AGUSTIANA KUSNUL
Published: November 2020

Guru pengampu Bahasa Jawa mengaku telah berupaya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam kompetensi menulis teks sandiwara. Kegitan yang dilakukan dalam proses pembelajaran ini adalah membimbing siswa bekerja secara kelompok. Di samping itu, digunakan pula media audiovisual untuk merangsang minat dan ide siswa dalam menuangkan gagasannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis teks sandiwara dengan pengembangan struktur ala Kernodle pada siswa kelas IX-F SMP Negeri 10 Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 32 siswa kelas IX-F SMP Negeri 10 Semarang.. Data diambil lewat tes hasil belajar dan lembar observasi. Melalui metode ‘Classroom Action Reasearch’ yang berisi perencanaan, observasi, dan evaluasi, data yang diusung memuat hasil yang signifikan. Analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif mendukung proses identifikasi data. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, penelitian tindakan kelas ini ini mampu meningkatkan kemampuan menulis teks sandiwara lewat pengembangan struktur ala Kernodle. Berdasarkan hasil tes siklus I, diperoleh nilai rerata 78.44 dari 32 siswa. Secara klasikal, ketuntasan belajar yang telah tercapai sebesar 78.44 atau meningkat 10.44%. Ketuntasan belajar sudah sesuai dengan target, yaitu di atas 75% dengan nilai KKM 75.
Pengembangan Media Pansus Raja (Papan Susun Aksara Jawa) unttuk Pembelajaran Aksara Jawa Siswa Kelas III Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Semaranng
Authors: Setiyani Angela Wyda , Sukoyo Joko , Hardyanto Hardyanto
Published: November 2020

Students of Grade III of Elementary school began to be taught Javanese script. The student has some problems when studying Javanese script that is difficult to distinguish and the use of media of learning of Javanese script is limited. Based on these problems found the idea of developing the media of Pansus Raja for the learning of third-grade students of Elementary School in Semarang regency. The problems in this research are: (1) how the needs of teachers and students of the third grade of Elementary school in Semarang regency to Pansus Raja, (2) how to develop the media of Pansus Raja, and (3) how to validate expert lecturers. The method used in this research is Research and Development (RnD) using a data analysis technique that is descriptive qualitative technique. After Pansus Raja was created, then tested to the expert lecturers. The revitalized Pansus Raja tried out to Elementary School. The result of the trial is the media Pansus Raja proved to increase students' understanding of Javanese script.
Livro-álbum e cinema: um diálogo interartes
Authors: Ramos Ana Margarida , Navas Diana
Published: November 2020

Pretende-se, neste estudo, proceder a uma reflexão sobre as diferentes possíveis relações de proximidade e de interseção entre a narrativa fílmica e o livro-álbum, identificando vários exemplos de obras destinadas à infância e juventude que tratam o cinema como tema ou motivo, ou simples alusão pontual em termos de conteúdo, mas também de outras que se socorrem de várias técnicas cinematográficas para contarem uma história. Além disso, analisa-se, ainda, o livro 1.º Direito, de Ricardo Henriques, com ilustrações de Nicolau, que, inspirado pelo enredo do filme A janela indiscreta [Rear Window, 1954], de Alfred Hitchcock, procede à sua recriação em formato de livro-álbum, revisitando, com adaptações, o imaginário fílmico.
Justicia del agua transfronteriza: una lectura combinada de la literatura crítica sobre la interacción del agua transfronteriza y la ‘justicia’, para el análisis y la diplomacia
Authors: Zeitoun Mark , Carrasco Vintimilla Ana Isabel
Published: November 2020

Mediante la revisión y combinación de dos grandes cuerpos de investigación —el trabajo crítico sobre la interacción del agua transfronteriza y siglos de pensamiento sobre justicia social— este artículo busca contribuir a la diplomacia y al análisis internacional sobre la interacción del agua transfronteriza. Varias implicaciones para el análisis y la diplomacia transfronteriza suelen relacionarse con cuestiones de equidad, preocupaciones estructurales, y procesos y resultados. Esto incluye deficiencias en los análisis y las políticas basadas en presunciones infundadas de igualdad, así como en opciones que no son consideradas debido a la legitimación de unos conceptos particulares de justicia sobre otros. Debido a que se considera que la asimetría de poder permite o impide esfuerzos relacionados con la resolución de conflictos y la demanda de justicia, se defiende la importancia de garantizar resultados equitativos como prerrequisito para la cooperación. De manera similar, al menos procesualmente, la resolución de conflictos hídricos suele ser vista como más justa que la gestión del conflicto, por lo que, hasta cierto punto, puede estar respaldada por la legislación internacional del agua. Se sugieren una serie de objetivos analíticos para futuras investigaciones y políticas, entre las cuales se incluye un llamado a examinar la fuente de legitimidad de las vertientes de justicia invocadas. Dadas las múltiples perspectivas de justicia que existen en la red de actores relevantes, el potencial sesgo en la investigación y la diplomacia podría reducirse si todos los involucrados reconocieran públicamente los valores morales que sustentan su comprensión de “justicia”.
Aguas dulces entre Chile y Bolivia: el Silala en su laberinto
Authors: Correa Vera Loreto
Published: November 2020

Las tensiones históricas entre Chile y Bolivia son un tema constante en la agenda de la política internacional de ambos países y por cierto de América del Sur. El 1 de octubre de 2018, la Corte Internacional de Justicia falló a favor de Chile en el caso de la demanda marítima y declaró que este país no tenía obligación alguna de negociar una salida soberana al mar para Bolivia, derivado de la pérdida de acceso a las costas y territorios tras la Guerra del Pacífico (1879–1883). Sin embargo, este no era el único pleito por aguas entre los dos países. Detrás de la demanda boliviana, se produjo un pleito sucesivo, pero esta vez, una demanda de Chile contra Bolivia el año 2016. Se trata de las aguas de unos manantiales en el altiplano andino a la altura de la ciudad de Antofagasta de Chile, conocidas con el nombre del Silala, aguas que surgen en Bolivia y que transitan hacia Chile. La investigación demuestra que el uso de las aguas dulces, y en particular las del Silala, acuífero que une a Chile y Bolivia en la zona del Departamento de Potosí y la Región de Antofagasta en Chile, trasciende la gobernanza del agua y se relaciona con el manejo de la crítica relación histórica entre Chile y Bolivia. El texto explora el origen del conflicto, las características de estos recursos compartidos, el rol de los organismos internacionales, la presencia de las tensiones y conflictos bilaterales durante el gobierno de Evo Morales, y las implicancias que estas aguas representan para ambos países en el área político–estratégica.
La hidropolítica y las relaciones exteriores de China en el complejo hídrico del Himalaya; los casos de Nepal e India
Authors: Medina Abellán Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2020

Los diez sistemas de ríos principales del continente asiático nacen en el Himalaya, la gran mayoría, en la enorme meseta tibetana. China es uno de los países con más ríos transfronterizos en el mundo, solo superado por Rusia y Argentina. La torre de agua de Asia se encuentra en una posición que le confiere un enorme poder e influencia, y las decisiones que adopte en el campo de sus relaciones hidráulicas con el resto de países tiene un alcance regional, continental y, posiblemente, global. La gestión de sus 16 ríos transfronterizos puede afectar la disponibilidad de agua de muchos países río abajo, con afectación directa al acceso a los recursos hídricos de 14 países en el continente asiático y de casi tres billones de personas, es decir casi la mitad de la población mundial El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el comportamiento hidráulico chino en el complejo del Himalaya, a partir de dos casos de estudio: las relaciones de China con Nepal e India. Se pretende así contribuir al debate sobre, por una parte, los factores explicativos del comportamiento hídrico de la potencia asiática, prestando especial atención a la importancia de la meseta tibetana y, por el otro, al debate académico sobre la estrategia china en relación con uno de los recursos más apreciados del planeta, el agua. China cuenta hoy en día con unas 90.000 infraestructuras hidráulicas, contando presas, diques y proyectos de desvío de agua, y sus intereses hídricos abarcan tanto ríos internos —que acusan la escasez y la sequía con más gravedad, como el Amarillo o el Yangtzé— como los ríos transfronterizos internacionales, lo que conlleva de inmediato una amenaza para los países con los que comparte estos ríos —como el Brahmaputra. El principal argumento es que la política china en el Himalaya es un eslabón más en el intento chino de consolidar su presencia política y estratégica en diferentes partes del mundo. Las relaciones hídricas chinas se deben analizar en el contexto de la política exterior del gigante asiático en la última década, marcada por su expansionismo, su cristalización como gran potencia mundial, y su estilo de política exterior a escala global El artículo se estructura de la siguiente forma. El primer apartado contiene el marco teórico y analítico del articulado, empezando por el paraguas conceptual que nos ofrece la hidropolítica para entender el comportamiento en términos hídricos de China en el espacio del Himalaya, en base a dos conceptos principales: hidrohegemonía e hidrodominación. El segundo apartado contiene una disección analítica del Himalaya como complejo hídrico y el estudio de los casos relevantes para entender el comportamiento de China en el sistema himalayo; Nepal e India. El análisis de los factores explicativos de la política hídrica china, a nivel endógeno y exógeno, así como la estrategia seguida por Pekín, sustentan el tercer apartado del documento. Las conclusiones y consideraciones finales cierran el presente artículo.
Aproximación a la gobernanza de las cuencas transfronterizas del Líbano y su geopolítica
Authors: Elias Guillermina
Published: November 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar las cuencas transfronterizas entre la República del Líbano y los países ribereños, considerando aspectos de cooperación y conflicto, geopolíticos de la región árabe, así como gobernanza. Esto se complementa con la propuesta del paradigma de la Gestión Integrada de Recursos Hídricos (GIRH).
Tradicionalmente, la cuestión de recursos hídricos compartidos en la región árabe ha estado altamente politizada, así como las negociaciones de alto nivel entre gobiernos han sido críticas. Al mismo tiempo, esto genera preocupación sobre la justicia y la seguridad hídrica. La atención ha estado centrada en disputas de largo recorrido surgidas de la dependencia árabe en recursos hídricos superficiales originados (o controlados por) países no árabes.
El agua es uno de los recursos más preciados en Líbano, como en todo el mundo, en especial si se consideran los actuales y futuros escenarios de cambio climático. La crisis humanitaria de 1,5 millones de refugiados sirios en territorio libanés presiona en mayor medidasobre los servicios de agua y sobre los recursos; si bien dicha crisis hídrica antecede a la llegada de dichos refugiados y está marcada por la propia situación geopolítica.
El agua disponible discurre por ríos, lagos, embalses y aguas subterráneas. Los recursos hídricos de este país se encuentran bajo estrés debido a distintos factores: prácticas de manejo no sostenibles, aumento de la demanda desde todos los sectores, contaminación y gobernanza inefectiva (casi ausente) del agua.
El Líbano comparte las siguientes cuencas con países ribereños: el río Jordán, el río Orontes y el río Nahr Al Kabir. En lo que respecta a agua subterránea, la cadena montañosa de Anti-Líbano está ubicada en la frontera con Siria.
La promoción de la cooperación es crucial para el manejo de los recursos hídricos compartidos en esta región. En este sentido, una acción más cooperativa y un diálogo constructivo son necesarios para gestionar estos recursos compartidos, considerando la gobernanza del agua, los principios de la hidrodiplomacia y la GIRH.
Las preguntas que guían este estudio son conocer qué cuencas hídricas comparte el Líbano, cuáles son las características de las mismas, y si existen acuerdos internacionales que regulen su uso y aprovechamiento conjunto.
En cuanto a la metodología utilizada, la siguiente investigación se basa en información de fuentes primarias y secundarias (investigaciones académicas, prensa especializada, estadísticas, entre otras). El análisis de datos es cualitativo y documental.
Este artículo comienza con una introducción a la administración del agua en los países árabes. A continuación, se proponen bases teóricas para el estudio de cuencas transfronterizas. Como aporte al marco teórico, se desarrollan los principios sobre cursos de agua compartidos en el Derecho Internacional. A continuación, se presentan las cuencas transfronterizas del país de origen fenicio. Finalmente, se proponen las conclusiones del estudio.
El derecho humano al agua en España en el contexto europeo (2010-2020). Implicaciones para las políticas y los modelos de gestión del ciclo urbano
Authors: Lara García Ángela , Del Moral Ituarte Leandro
Published: November 2020

El derecho humano al abastecimiento y al saneamiento (DHAS) constituye hoy en España y en Europa la bandera de un movimiento que se articula en torno al concepto del agua como bien común y que se orienta al objetivo de construir un modelo de gestión pública participativa y transparente. La materialización efectiva del DHAS se relaciona discursivamente con la titularidad pública o privada de los operadores de los servicios urbanos de agua, lo que ha contribuido a la reactivación de los debates sobre la necesidad de conservar o recuperar el carácter público de estos servicios, y sobre la necesidad de generar marcos jurídicos que garanticen políticas de democracia local efectiva. A esta dimensión sociopolítica, se añade otra característica: el movimiento del DHAS en España sintoniza en discurso y articulación organizativa con las perspectivas socio-eco-integradoras de la gestión del agua como recurso natural, de los ecosistemas acuáticos. Ésta es una cualidad importante y en cierta manera distintiva de la experiencia española, que contrasta con los desencuentros y conflictos que frecuentemente caracterizan a las perspectivas social y ambiental en los movimientos de defensa del agua, y en general de los recursos naturales. Complementariamente a lo anterior, este artículo presenta un nuevo enfoque de la tipología de pobrezas hídricas. La reciente recepción del DHAS en los países europeos se ha focalizado especialmente en la asequibilidad (prohibición de cortes, garantía del mínimo vital, tarifas sociales) y en las implicaciones para la gobernanza (transparencia, rendición de cuentas) y el modelo de gestión (publico versus privado). No obstante, a lo largo de la investigación que se presenta, se ha constatado que la accesibilidad sigue siendo un problema significativo en ciertas regiones europeas, relacionado especialmente con la existencia de asentamientos marginales, chabolismo, personas sin hogar o trabajadores temporeros inmigrantes en áreas rurales. Finalmente, este artículo aborda la cuestión de la regulación legal del derecho humano al agua en España, analizando las claves de este proceso y presentando las últimas propuestas del movimiento del DHAS en el que sus autores conceptualmente se sitúan. Desde un punto de vista teórico (ecología política urbana) y metodológico (investigación-acción participativa transdisciplinar), el artículo se ha desarrollado en el doble marco en el que los autores se desenvuelven. Por una parte, el grupo de trabajo de ciclo urbano del agua de la Fundación Nueva Cultura de Agua (https://fnca.eu/oppa/ciclo-urbano-del-agua); y, por otra, la Red de Excelencia de la Agencia Estatal de Investigación sobre pobreza hídrica (WAPONET, CSO2017-90702-REDT, https://waponet.org/approach/).
Pluralisme Sosial Keagamaan Menuju Karakter Bangsa Yang Shalih
Authors: Hamdi Zahratunnisa
Published: November 2020

The questioning argued that the social problems of the community were directed at the 2005 MUI fatwa which prohibits pluralism. MUI is seen as wrongly assessing the addition of the word "ism" as an ideological signification of the root word "plural", considering that the word pluralism in various linguistic and encyclopaedia literatures has more than just a theological meaning, but also a social meaning. However, critics have never provided a solution in the form of a substitute for the MUI version of pluralism. Besides, some of them are trapped in claiming to support the doctrine of equality of truth for all religions which is banned by MUI even though they try to appear objective at first. The method used in this research is qualitative research methods with a normative approach. The results of the research stated that MUI strives to fight for the harmony of Indonesia's pluralistic society through its formulated “plurality” inclusivism in the hope of realizing peace and harmony in a multi-religious nation. This paper also seeks several sides of the pluralism perspective in philosophical, religious and historical literature, and the possibility of applying its socio-political meaning in realizing the moral and righteous character of a national society.Keywords: Pluralism, Theology, Social Religion, Diversity AbstrakPenyoaalan berdalih persoalan sosial masyarakat diarahkan kepada fatwa MUI tahun 2005 yang mengharamkan faham pluralisme. MUI dipandang salah menilai tambahan kata “isme” sebagai penyifatan ideologis terhadap kata dasar “plural”, mengingat kata pluralisme dalam berbagai literatur kebahasaan dan ensiklopedi memiliki arti lebih dari sekedar makna teologis, tetapi juga makna sosial. Akan tetapi, para pengkritik tidak kunjung memberikan solusi berupa kata pengganti bagi pluralisme versi  MUI. Di samping, diantara merekapun terjebak untuk menyatakan mendukung doktrin persamaan kebenaran semua agama yang diharamkan MUI meskipun berusaha terlihat objektif di awal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwan MUI berupaya memperjuangkan harmoni masyarakat majemuk Indonesia melalui inklusivisme “pluralitas” yang dirumuskannya dengan harapan dapat mewujudkan kedamaian dan kerukunan bangsa yang multi agama. Tulisan ini pun mengupayakan beberapa sisi pandang pluralisme dalam literatur filsafat, agama dan kesejarahan, dan kemungkinan penerapan makna sosial politisnya dalam mewujudkan karakter masyarakat berbangsa yang bermoral dan shalih.Kata kunci: Pluralisme, Teologis, Sosial Agama, Keberagaman
Differences in soil organic matter and humus of sandy soil after application of biochar substrates and combination of biochar substrates with mineral fertilizers
Authors: Šrank Dušan , Šimanský Vladimír
Published: November 2020

The effort to achieve the sustainable farming system in arable soil led to the intensive search for a new solution but an inspiration can also be found in the application of traditional methods of soil fertility improvement as it is shown in numerous examples in history. Recently many scientific teams have focused their attention on the evaluation of biochar effects on soil properties and crop yields. Since there are a lot of knowledge gaps, especially in explanations how biochar can affect soil organic matter (SOM) and humus substances, we aimed this study at the solution of these questions. Therefore, the objective of the experiment was to evaluate the impact of two biochar substrates (B1 – biochar blended with sheep manure, and B2 – biochar blended with sheep manure and the residue from the biogas station) at two rates (10 and 20 t ha-1) applied alone or in combination with mineral fertilizers (Urea was applied in 2018, at rate 100 kg ha-1, and Urea at rate 100 kg ha-1 + AMOFOS NP 12-52 at 100 kg ha-1 were applied in 2019) on the quantity and quality of SOM and humus of sandy soil (Arenosol, Dolná Streda, Slovakia). The results showed that application of the biochar substrates together with mineral fertilizers (MF) had more pronounced effect on the organic matter mineralization in the sandy soil which resulted in low accumulation of soil organic carbon (Corg) and labile carbon compared to biochar substrates treatments without MF. The share of humic substances in Corg significantly decreased by 16, 50, 16 and 24% in B1 at 10 t ha-1, B1 at 20 t ha-1, B2 at 10 t ha-1 and B2 at 20 t ha-1 treatments, respectively, compared to the control. A similar tendency was observed for biochar substrates treatments + MF, compared to MF control. The carbon content of humic substances (CHS) was equal to 4.40 – 5.80 g kg-1 and the biochar substrates had statistically significant influence on CHS content. On average, there was a smaller decrease of CHS in B1 at rate 10 t ha-1 than at rate 20 t ha-1 and no effect of B2 compared to control. The carbon content of fulvic acid (CFA) was 9% higher in B1 at 10 t ha-1, and 20 t ha-1, 47% higher in B2 at 10 t ha-1 and 17% higher in B2 at 20 t ha-1 compared to control. As a result of biochar substrates + MF application, the reduction in CFA was observed. The results showed a decrease of CHA : CFA ratio with association to biochar substrates alone application compared to control on one hand, and a wider of CHA : CFA ratio in biochar substrates + MF treatments in comparison to MF control on the other hand. Humus stability was increased in biochar substrates alone treatments compared to control, on the other hand, compared to MF control, the application of biochar substrates + MF resulted in a lower humus stability.
Changes in growth-production parameters of Lolium perenne L. turf after application of concentrated polysulfide fertilizer
Authors: Kovár Peter , Vozár Luboš , Hric Peter
Published: November 2020

The changes in growth rate, daily production of above-ground phytomass and lawn density of turfgrass after application of fertilizer based on polysulfide (Sulka NKS+) were evaluated in Nitra (the Slovak Republic) climatic conditions. The polysulfide preparation was applied 2-times, 4-times and 6-times during the vegetation period in 2015–2017 and the effect was compared with a zero control. Stimulatory effect of Sulka NKS+ was shown in the average daily gain of grass height and average daily gain of aboveground phytomass weight with the most visible expression in the 2nd and 3rd year of cultivation. For the thickening lawn index was found out inhibitory effect of polysulfide fertilizer. The average values of the first two characteristics (average daily gains of grass height and weight of above-ground phytomass) have also increased with the increasing number of Sulka NKS+applications.
FOOD PROCESSING AND FERMENTATION STUDIES ON REDUCTION OF PHYTIC ACID IN TRITICUM AESTIVUM AND SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.)
Authors: VENKATASUBBAIAH RASHMI , Konasur Sanjay Rajesh
Published: November 2020

Wheat and sorghum are the main dieter cereals for millions of people in Africa and Asia. Their nutritive value in wheat and sorghum is limited due to presence of several anti-nutritional substances such as tannins, phytic acid, proteinase inhibitors and cyanogenic glycosides.  Phytic acid (PA) or myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) in salt form known as phytate is the principal storage form of phosphorus in plant tissues, typically accounting for 60-90% of total seed phosphorous. Phytase enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of phytate and releases the phosphate for absorption.  This study explains the use of different methods for the reduction of PA content in wheat and sorghum such as soaking, cooking, roasting and fermentation using lactic acid bacteria (LAB).  Among all the methods, fermentation using LAB was found to be effective in reduction of PA. LAB was isolated from the curd sample and fermentation of wheat and sorghum flour was carried out to reduce the PA content. The effect of different fermentation conditions such as pH, temperature and incubation time was also carried out. The results have shown that the optimal fermentation conditions for reduction of PA in wheat and sorghum flour using LAB were; pH- 6 (wheat) and 6.5 (sorghum), temperature 32 o C (wheat) and 37 o C (sorghum) and fermentation time of 4 to 6 h for both wheat and sorghum. The percentage of reduction of PA using fermentation process was compared with the other methods such as soaking, cooking and roasting process.
Flexural design of precast, prestressed ultra-high-performance concrete members
Authors: Sim Chungwook , Tadros Maher , Gee David , Asaad Micheal
Published: November 2020

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is a special concrete mixture with outstanding mechanical and durability characteristics. It is a mixture of portland cement, supplementary cementitious materials, sand, and high-strength, high-aspect-ratio microfibers. In this paper, the authors propose flexural design guidelines for precast, prestressed concrete members made with concrete mixtures developed by precasters to meet minimum specific characteristics qualifying it to be called PCI-UHPC. Minimum specified cylinder strength is 10 ksi (69 MPa) at prestress release and 18 ksi (124 MPa) at the time the member is placed in service, typically 28 days. Minimum flexural cracking and tensile strengths of 1.5 and 2 ksi (10 and 14 MPa), respectively, according to ASTM C1609 testing specifications are required. In addition, strain-hardening and ductility requirements are specified. Tensile properties are shown to be more important for structural optimization than cylinder strength. Both building and bridge products are considered because the paper is focused on capacity rather than demand. Both service limit state and strength limit state are covered. When the contribution of fibers to capacity should be included and when they may be ignored is shown. It is further shown that the traditional equivalent rectangular stress block in compression can still be used to produce satisfactory results in prestressed concrete members. A spreadsheet workbook is offered online as a design tool. It is valid for multilayers of concrete of different strengths, rows of reinforcing bars of different grades, and prestressing strands. It produces moment-curvature diagrams and flexural capacity at ultimate strain. A fully worked-out example of a 250 ft (76.2 m) span decked I-beam of optimized shape is given.
Development of a double-tee flange connection using shape memory alloy rods
Authors: Anay Rafal , Assi Lateef , Soltangharaei Vafa , Abdulshaheed Ahmed , Gleich Harry , Ziehl Paul
Published: November 2020

This study investigated the out-of-plane shear performance of a newly developed shape memory alloy (SMA) connector and a commonly used shear/alignment connector. The innovation lies in developing a durable and easily installed and maintained flange-to-flange connector between precast concrete double-tee members. The proposed connector consists of a superelastic SMA curved bolt inserted into a duct that is then cast into the precast concrete member. Two types of sealant materials were used: polyurethane elastomeric sealant and nonshrink cementitious grout. The shear/alignment and SMA connectors were tested under monotonic vertical shear. The tests were conducted on 4 ft × 4 ft × 4 in. (1.2 m × 1.2 m × 100 mm) slab specimens. The resulting capacities and associated damage were summarized. Higher stiffness and lower ductility were observed for the SMA connector with nonshrink grout compared with the shear/alignment connector with polyurethane elastomeric sealant. The average stiffnesses of the SMA and shear/alignment connector specimens were 116,681 lb/in. (20,434 kN/m) and 31,300 lb/in. (5481 kN/m), respectively. The ductility of the SMA connector was improved when using polyurethane elastomeric sealant; however, more tests should be done to confirm this behavior. The SMA rod was reused in several tests through reheating of the SMA element. The shear/alignment connector cannot be reused.
The anticancer activities of stichoposide D isolated from the sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus on NTERA-2 cancer stem cells
Authors: Cuc Nguyen Thi , Thi Nga Nguyen , Ha Phuong Trieu , Thi Phuong Do , Xuan Cuong Nguyen , Thi Mai Huong Pham , Van Minh Chau , Thi Thao Do
Published: November 2020

As reported, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are in charge of dangerous characteristics including drug resistance, metastasis, recurrence and therapeutic effectiveness. Therefore, CSCs are an important target for discovering of novel effective and specific anticancer drugs. In Vietnam, the Stichopus chloronotus sea cucumber is found as a potential biological source with various active ingredients. Particularly, the active triterpene saponin stichoposide D, which was isolated from S. chloronotus, showed strong cytotoxic activity in leukemias. Herein, stichoposide D was further studied its potential anti-CSCs activities on pluripotent human embryonic carcinomas NTERA-2 cells. The compound exhibited its promising and specific cytotoxic activities in NTERA-2 cells with the IC50 = 0.26 ± 0.02 µM, in comparison with that ranging from 0.35 ± 0.02 µM to 0.53 ± 0.03 µM (P<0.05), tested on non-CSCs cancer cell lines, which were breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and lung adenocarcinoma (SK-LU-1), respectively. The working fashion of the compound on NTERA-2 cells could be apoptotic induction. Significantly, treatment of stichoposide D at 1 µM induced 76.4% of apoptotic cells as well as 1.72 relatively fold change of caspase-3 activation in comparision with the control (P<0.05). Meanwhile, stichoposide D was the first time recorgnized its positive efficacy on reducing the number of highly expressed CD44+/CD24+ cells, which were reported as typically CSCs characterized population. The compound also exhibited some effects on NTERA-2 cell cycle of which it arrested cells at sub-G1 phase (15.03%) and prevented those CSCs to enter the S-phase for DNA synthesis. In conclusion, stichoposide D presents potential anti-CSCs activities and should be further studied for future applications.
Bio-functional enhancement of plant based-haemagglutinin by fusion with IgMFc
Authors: Van Pham Thi , Hoang Phan Trong , Thuong Ho Thi , Thu Giang Nguyen , Ngoc Pham Bich , Trang Vu Huyen , Conrad Udo , Ha Chu Hoang
Published: November 2020

The creation of recombinant oligomeric haemagglutinin proteins from A/H5N1 virus is a new concern for many scientists. In this study, the gene encoding the haemagglutinin protein (H5TG) derived from virus A/duck/Vietnam/TG24-01/2005 was fused with three different motifs (GCN4pII, GCN4pII-IgMFc and GCN4pII-ELP-IgMFc) in order to form three recombinant proteins (trimeric H5TGpII, oligomeric H5TGpII-IgMFc and ELPylated oligomeric H5TGpII-ELP-IgMFc, respectively) for enhancing protein expression, bio-function and purification of H5TG. These H5TG fragments have been attached to expression cassettes in the pCB301 shuttle vector, transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana by agroinfiltration, then the protein expression was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The results showed that the expression level of the H5TGpII-ELP-IgMFc protein in plant raw extract was stronger than that of two other proteins analyzed in this paper. Evaluation of bio-function showed that the haemagglutination titre (HA titre) of the total solution protein extract containing H5TGpII-IgMFc protein was highest (64 HAU) compared to that containing two remaining proteins (8 HAU). Subsequently, the H5TGpII and H5TGpII-IgMFc proteins were purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), while the H5TGpII-ELP-IgMFc protein was purified using membrane-based Inverse Transition Cycling (mITC). The oligomer state of the purified proteins was then determined by non-reducing SDS-PAGE. The haemagglutination assay analysis of purified proteins showed that the lowest protein amount causing erythrocyte agglutination (1 HAU) of the H5TGpII-IgMFc protein was 0.06 µg and lower four times than that of H5TGpII and H5TGpII-ELP-IgMFc proteins (both of them were 0.24 µg). This indicates that the fusing of the GCN4pII-IgMFc motif into the H5TG protein gives the stronger bio-function than the fusing of two remaining motifs into this protein. This result opens up the applicability of the IgMFc for generation of oligomer proteins to enhance the bio-function of target proteins in the study of recombinant vaccine production.