bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green and cost-effective morter grinding synthesis of bismuth-doped halide perovskites as efficient absorber materials
Authors: Elsayed Moamen R. A. , Elseman Ahmed Mourtada , Abdelmageed Alaaeldin A. , Hashem H. M. , Hassen Arafa
Published: January 2023

Due to the instability and toxicity issues of lead/tin-based halide perovskites, lead-free metal halide perovskites have emerged as an attractive lead replacement for several semiconductor applications. Here, we present a bismuth (Bi)-based perovskite structure as a low-toxic and potentially substitutable alternative to lead-based perovskite solar cells. The synthesis and optical performance of MAPbI3, MA3Bi2I9Clx, and (MAPbI3:BiCl3) with ratios (of 10, 30, 50, 70)% as lead-free and low lead perovskite are prepared. The grinding technique is used as a green chemistry method compared to a typical reaction for scaling up production. The phase identification, crystallinity, thermal stability, optoelectronic properties, and nanoscale composition are comprised. The results showed that the prepared samples are enhanced in the visible absorption region and aligned well with previous literature. Besides, the bandgap energy for the mixed-structured perovskite, at a molar ratio of 10%, was reduced to 1.52 eV compared to 1.55 and 1.80 eV for MAPbI3, MA3Bi2I9Clx, respectively. At room temperature, the samples emitted intense photoluminescence in the 680–700 nm region. Our findings demonstrate the processability of bismuth perovskites, aiding in the development of high-performance low toxic perovskites by assisting in the refinement of materials and processing methods.
Intentional action and knowledge-centered theories of control
Authors: Carter J. Adam , Shepherd Joshua
Published: January 2023

Intentional action is, in some sense, non-accidental, and one common way action theorists have attempted to explain this is with reference to control. The idea, in short, is that intentional action implicates control, and control precludes accidentality. But in virtue of what, exactly, would exercising control over an action suffice to make it non-accidental in whatever sense is required for the action to be intentional? One interesting and prima facie plausible idea that we wish to explore in this paper is that control is non-accidental in virtue of requiring knowledge—either knowledge-that or knowledge-how (e.g., Beddor and Pavese 2021; cf., Setiya 2008; 2012 and Habgood-Coote 2018). We review in detail some key recent work defending such knowledge-centric theories of control, and we show that none of these accounts holds water. We conclude with some discussion about how control opposes the sort of luck intentional action excludes without doing so by requiring knowledge (that- or how).
VEXAS syndrome: a new paradigm for adult-onset monogenic autoinflammatory diseases
Authors: Vitale Antonio , Caggiano Valeria , Bimonte Antonio , Caroni Federico , Tosi Gian Marco , Fabbiani Alessandra , Renieri Alessandra , Bocchia Monica , Frediani Bruno , Fabiani Claudia , Cantarini Luca
Published: January 2023

VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) syndrome is a recently described pathological entity. It is an acquired monogenic autoinflammatory disease caused by somatic mutations of the UBA1 gene in blood cells precursors; the gene encodes one of the two E1 enzyme isoforms that initiates ubiquitylation in cell’s cytoplasm. VEXAS syndrome leads to systemic inflammation, with all organs and tissues potentially involved. The clinical picture may be extremely heterogenous, mimicking different other systemic rheumatologic entities coexisting with haematological disorders, especially myelodysplastic syndrome. This new disease represents a very intriguing clinical condition in several respects: it accounts for the paradigm of adult-onset monogenic autoinflammatory diseases determined by a genetic mosaicism resulting in the development of a challenging multiorgan inflammatory condition. Moreover, VEXAS syndrome is perhaps not an exceptionally rare condition and represents an example of a systemic genetic autoinflammatory disease drawing its origin in bone marrow disorders. VEXAS syndrome should be strongly considered in each adult patient with an unexplained systemic inflammatory condition, especially when recurrent fevers, neutrophilic dermatosis, relapsing polychondritis, ocular inflammation and other systemic inflammatory symptoms accompanying myelodysplastic syndrome or other haematological disorders. The syndrome deserves a multidisciplinary approach to reach the diagnosis and ensure the best management of a potentially very challenging condition. To quickly describe the clinical course, long-term outcomes, and the optimal management of this new syndrome it is essential to join forces internationally. To this end, the international AutoInflammatory Disease Alliance (AIDA) registry dedicated to VEXAS syndrome has been developed and is already active.
In Vitro Generated Equine Hepatic-Like Progenitor Cells as a Novel Potent Cell Pool for Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) Treatment
Authors: Marycz Krzysztof , Bourebaba Nabila , Serwotka-Suszczak Anna , Mularczyk Malwina , Galuppo Larry , Bourebaba Lynda
Published: January 2023

Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is recognized as one of the leading cause of health threatening in veterinary medicine worldwide. Recently, PTP1B inhibition has been proposed as an interesting strategy for liver insulin resistance reversion in both equines and humans, however as being a multifactorial disease, proper management of EMS horses further necessities additional interventional approaches aiming at repairing and restoring liver functions. In this study, we hypothesized that in vitro induction of Eq_ASCs hepatogenic differentiation will generate a specialized liver progenitor-like cell population exhibiting similar phenotypic characteristics and regenerative potential as native hepatic progenitor cells. Our obtained data demonstrated that Eq_ASCs-derived liver progenitor cells (Eq_HPCs) displayed typical flattened polygonal morphology with packed fragmented mitochondrial net, lowered mesenchymal CD105 and CD90 surface markers expression, and significant high expression levels of specific hepatic lineage genes including PECAM-1, ALB, AFP and HNF4A. therewith, generated Eq_HPCs exhibited potentiated stemness and pluripotency markers expression (NANOG, SOX-2 and OCT-4). Hence, in vitro generation of hepatic progenitor-like cells retaining high differentiation capacity represents a promising new approach for the establishment of cell-based targeted therapies for the restoration of proper liver functions in EMS affected horses.

Graphical Abstract
Morphometric analysis of the palatine triangle in adult human skulls: a potential aid for anthropologists and intraoral bone grafts
Authors: Kumar Naveen , BV Murlimanju , Bhaskar Ravi , Aithal Ashwini P , Rao Mohandas KG , Bhat Kumar MR
Published: January 2023

Morphometrics of the hard palate is an important aspect of forensic anthropology and odontology. Palatine triangle is a triangular area in the hard palate formed by the palatine processes of the maxillae, which can aid intraoral bone grafts. We present the osteological measurements of the palatine triangle (maxillary palate) based on sex, compare it with other hard palate parameters, and establish the correlation between them. Seventy-seven male skulls and 36 female skulls were examined. Various morphometric measurements of the hard palate and palatine triangle were performed meticulously. Mean and standard deviation of each parameter were computed for groups using SPSS 16.0. Relationships between all parameters were analyzed using Pearson’s rank correlation test. The mean palatine length was 38.84 ± 3.75 mm in males and 37.22 ± 4.12 mm in females; the mean palatine breadth was 31.36 ± 2.61 mm in males and 29.78 ± 3.07 mm in females. The mean area of the palatine triangle was 600.88 ± 80.16 mm2 in male skulls and 547.96 ± 94.28 mm2 in the female skulls. Statistically significant difference in various measurements of the palatine triangle and hard palate between the male and female skulls was noted. Leptostaphyline (narrow palate) was the most prominent type of palate. The area of the palatine triangle showed a strong positive correlation between the total length and breadth of the palate for both male and female skulls. A strong positive correlation was also observed between the palate length and the palatine triangle length. Palatine index and palate breadth had a statistically significant moderate linear relationship. The maxillary palate length, breadth, and area of the palatine triangle were higher in males when compared to females in South Indian origin skulls. Most of the skulls had a narrow palate. The results of this metric analysis of the palatine triangle may lead to a new concept of anatomical research into studying the hard palate, which can be used for sexual dimorphism.
Cheap chicken in Africa: Would import restrictions be pro-poor?
Authors: Knößlsdorfer Isabel , Qaim Matin
Published: January 2023

Europe’s chicken exports to Africa have long been criticised for their negative effects on local producers. However, while cheap chicken imports may hurt African poultry farmers, the same cheap imports benefit African consumers and improve their access to affordable nutrients. A few African countries have established import restrictions, but it is unclear how such policies affect different population groups and whether the potential benefits for farmers outweigh the broader social costs. We use nationally representative household data from Ghana and a partial-equilibrium framework to simulate domestic household supply, consumption, and overall welfare effects of two hypothetical policies, namely a 50% import tariff on chicken and a complete import ban. Our results suggest that both policies would lead to increased domestic chicken prices with negative consumption effects that are much larger than the positive supply effects. Average poor and non-poor households in rural and urban areas would suffer welfare losses from these import restrictions. While many households purchase and consume chicken, relatively few produce chicken and only very few sell any chicken in the market. The findings imply that chicken import restrictions are not a pro-poor and welfare-enhancing policy. To compensate the few households particularly hurt by cheap chicken imports, targeted support measures would make more sense economically and socially than general import restrictions.
Melanaspis corticosa: a new insect pest of olive trees in Europe
Authors: Mazzeo Gaetana , Pellizzari Giuseppina , Mateus Célia , da Silva Elsa Borges , Russo Agatino , Nucifora Salvatore , Soares Celestino , Tomé Dora , de Andrade Eugénia , Franco José Carlos
Published: January 2023

The presence of the South African Obscure Scale, Melanaspis corticosa (Brain) (Hemiptera, Diaspididae), was detected infesting olive trees, in Portugal. The identity of the scale insect was confirmed based on both morphological and molecular studies. Until now, this species was only known in a few African countries, including Guinea, Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe. This is the first record of this species in Europe and in the Palearctic region. The scale was observed in 15 different locations, in the Algarve, since its first detection at the end of 2016. Samples were collected between 21 December 2016 and 10 March 2022, covering all seasonal periods. Most of the sampling sites resulted from private requests from farmers and proprietaries received by the Plant Protection Division of the Regional Directorate of Agriculture. Although it is considered a polyphagous species, it was not observed in other plant species, besides olive trees. The actual dispersion in the region suggests that M. corticosa became established and has been expanded its distribution since its arrival. This scale insect is a potential injurious pest of olive trees and needs to be studied to clarify its pest status and develop effective pest management strategies.
Retention potential of a drained wetland in the Lusatian lignite mining district, Briesener Niedermoor, Germany, Europe
Authors: Hartmann Clemens , Uhlmann Wilfried , Scheytt Traugott
Published: January 2023

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the most important global causes for polluted water. It occurs in mining areas due to oxidation of sulfide minerals. Depending on hydrological conditions, wetlands are considered suitable for passive treatment of AMD. The aim of the study was to characterize the long-term retention performance of a drained wetland, Briesener Niedermoor, in an iron and sulfate contaminated catchment area. The site is located in the Lusatian lignite mining district, Germany. Hydrological and hydrochemical measurements as well as time series of groundwater and surface water were evaluated and saturation conditions of iron species were determined using Phreeqc Interactive and EH–pH diagrams for the Fe–S–K–O–H system. Progressing peat degradation due to drainage leads to a hydraulic behaviour of the wetland that is more comparable to a rain bog than a fen, and thus to more pronounced oxic conditions. Groundwater feeds the wetland with significant loads of iron and sulfate, which are temporally stored in the wetland. At low surface water discharge, iron is removed and weak acidic pH is buffered by the dominant phase of schwertmannite (Fe8O8(OH)6SO4), usually during summer months. In winter, greater water availability initializes a high source strength from the wetland, that cannot be retarded. Thus, only during summer, there is a retention potential; in winter, the retention potential is not strong enough to prevent an inflow of iron and sulfate. Only a significant rewetting of the wetland may result in a restoration of the retention potential of the wetland Briesener Niedermoor.
Prognostic significance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes on first-line pembrolizumab efficacy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kaira Kyoichi , Yamaguchi Ou , Kawasaki Tomonori , Hashimoto Kousuke , Miura Yu , Shiono Ayako , Mouri Atsuto , Imai Hisao , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Yasuda Masanori , Kagamu Hiroshi
Published: January 2023

Aim

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor and stroma are expected to accurately predict the efficacy of programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade therapy. However, little is known about the prognostic significance of TILs in first-line PD-1 therapy. We assessed TILs in patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with pembrolizumab in the palliative setting.

Methods

Multiplex immunohistochemistry staining of TILs (CD4, CD8, Foxp3, and PD-1) and immunohistochemical staining of CK and PD-L1 in the tumor and stroma was performed in tumor specimens of 107 NSCLC patients and correlated with clinical outcomes, as a single-center retrospective study. TILs and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) were assessed on biopsies (N = 93) or surgical resections (N = 14) before first-line pembrolizumab.

Results

A low number of stromal CD4 TILs were significantly associated with bone metastasis and poor performance status (PS). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly higher in patients with a high number of stromal CD4 TILs (336 days and 731 days, respectively) than in those with low infiltration (204 days and 333 days, respectively). Patients with a high number of intratumoral CD8 TILs (731 days) yielded significantly better OS than those with low infiltration (333 days), but not for PFS. Multivariate analysis confirmed that stromal CD4 TILs were independent predictors of PFS, but not OS. Furthermore, intratumoral CD8 TILs were independent predictors of better OS. In the survival analysis of key subgroups, stromal CD4 TILs were identified as significant predictors of survival in patients with non-adenocarcinomatous histology and PD-L1 ≥ 50%.

Conclusion

Stromal CD4 TILs were identified as a significant marker for predicting the PFS after pembrolizumab therapy, especially in patients with non-adenocarcinoma and high PD-L1 expression. In addition, intratumoral CD8 TILs were identified as significant predictors of OS.
Identifying Landscape Relevant Natural Language using Actively Crowdsourced Landscape Descriptions and Sentence-Transformers
Authors: Baer Manuel F. , Purves Ross S.
Published: January 2023

Natural language has proven to be a valuable source of data for various scientific inquiries including landscape perception and preference research. However, large high quality landscape relevant corpora are scare. We here propose and discuss a natural language processing workflow to identify landscape relevant documents in large collections of unstructured text. Using a small curated high quality collection of actively crowdsourced landscape descriptions we identify and extract similar documents from two different corpora (Geograph and WikiHow) using sentence-transformers and cosine similarity scores. We show that 1) sentence-transformers combined with cosine similarity calculations successfully identify similar documents in both Geograph and WikiHow effectively opening the door to the creation of new landscape specific corpora, 2) the proposed sentence-transformer approach outperforms traditional Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency based approaches and 3) the identified documents capture similar topics when compared to the original high quality collection. The presented workflow is transferable to various scientific disciplines in need of domain specific natural language corpora as underlying data.
URWalking: Indoor Navigation for Research and Daily Use
Authors: Ludwig Bernd , Donabauer Gregor , Ramsauer Dominik , Subari Karema al
Published: January 2023

In this report, we present the project URWalking conducted at the University of Regensburg. We describe its major outcomes: Firstly, an indoor navigation system for pedestrians as a web application and as an Android app with position tracking of users in indoor and outdoor environments. Our implementation showcases that a variant of the $$A^*$$

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-algorithm by Ullmann (tengetriebene optimierung präferenzadaptiver fußwegrouten durch gebäudekomplexe https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/43697/, 2020) can handle the routing problem in large, levelled indoor environments efficiently. Secondly, the apps have been used in several studies for a deeper understanding of human wayfinding. We collected eye tracking and synchronized video data, think aloud protocols, and log data of users interacting with the apps. We applied state-of-the-art deep learning models for gaze tracking and automatic classification of landmarks. Our results indicate that even the most recent version of the YOLO image classifier by Redmon and Farhadi (olov3: An incremental improvement. arXiv, 2018) needs finetuning to recognize everyday objects in indoor environments. Furthermore, we provide empirical evidence that appropriate machine learning models are helpful to bridge behavioural data from users during wayfinding and conceptual models for the salience of objects and landmarks. However, simplistic models are insufficient to reasonably explain wayfinding behaviour in real time—an open issue in GeoAI. We conclude that the GeoAI community should collect more naturalistic log data of wayfinding activities in order to build efficient machine learning models capable of predicting user reactions to routing instructions and of explaining how humans integrate stimuli from the environment as essential information into routing instructions while solving wayfinding tasks. Such models form the basis for real-time wayfinding assistance.
An integrated group decision-making method for the evaluation of hypertension follow-up systems using interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets
Authors: Wan Benting , Hu Zhaopeng , Garg Harish , Cheng Youyu , Han Mengjie
Published: January 2023

It is imperative to comprehensively evaluate the function, cost, performance and other indices when purchasing a hypertension follow-up (HFU) system for community hospitals. To select the best software product from multiple alternatives, in this paper, we develop a novel integrated group decision-making (GDM) method for the quality evaluation of the system under the interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (IVq-ROFSs). The design of our evaluation indices is based on the characteristics of the HFU system, which in turn represents the evaluation requirements of typical software applications and reflects the particularity of the system. A similarity is extended to measure the IVq-ROFNs, and a new score function is devised for distinguishing IVq-ROFNs to figure out the best IVq-ROFN. The weighted fairly aggregation (WFA) operator is then extended to the interval-valued q-rung orthopair WFA weighted average operator (IVq-ROFWFAWA) for aggregating information. The attribute weights are derived using the LINMAP model based on the similarity of IVq-ROFNs. We design a new expert weight deriving strategy, which makes each alternative have its own expert weight, and use the ARAS method to select the best alternative based on these weights. With these actions, a GDM algorithm that integrates the similarity, score function, IVq-ROFWFAWA operator, attribute weights, expert weights and ARAS is proposed. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case study. Its effectiveness and feasibility are verified by comparing it to other state-of-the-art methods and operators.
Inpainting larger missing regions via progressive guidance decoding network
Authors: Dong Xiucheng , Jiang Jinyang , Hou Shuang , Yang Chencheng
Published: January 2023

For images corrupted for various reasons, the size of the corrupted area is often arbitrary and it has been a challenge to inpainting the larger missing areas. Though popular multistage networks ease the inpainting difficulty by repairing damaged image from coarse to fine, their common drawback is that the result of each stage is easily misguided by the wrong content generated in the previous stage. To address this problem, we propose a novel progressive guidance decoding network. First, multiple parallel decoding branches fill and refine the missing regions by top–down passing the reconstructed priors. This inpainting way of progressive guidance avoids adverse effects of inappropriate premises, since the decoding branches can learn what priors can be utilized. And convolution layers of decoder with different locations would pass down the different priors. The joint guidance of features and gradient priors helps the inpainting result contains the correct structure and rich details. The second fold of progressive guidance is achieved by our fusing strategy, combining ghost convolution and the designed cascaded efficient channel attention (CECA) to fuse and reweight the features from different branches. CECA explores the dependencies among adjant and non-adjant channels more effectively than popular ones. Finally, we merges the different-scale feature maps reconstructed by the last decoding branch and mapping them to the image space, which further improves the semantic plausibility of the restoration results. Extensive experiments verify the effectiveness of our method in both subjective and objective evaluation.
Application of UAS-Based Remote Sensing in Estimating Winter Wheat Phenotypic Traits and Yield During the Growing Season
Authors: Hassani Kianoosh , Gholizadeh Hamed , Taghvaeian Saleh , Natalie Victoria , Carpenter Jonathan , Jacob Jamey
Published: January 2023

Phenotyping approaches have been considered as a vital component in crop breeding programs to improve crops and develop new high-yielding cultivars. However, traditional field-based monitoring methods are expensive, invasive, and time-intensive. Moreover, data collected using satellite and airborne platforms are either costly or limited by their spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we investigated whether low-cost unmanned/unoccupied aerial systems (UASs) data can be used to estimate winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) nitrogen (N) content, structural traits including plant height, fresh and dry biomass, and leaf area index (LAI) as well as yield during different winter wheat growing stages. To achieve this objective, UAS-based red–green–blue (RGB) and multispectral data were collected from winter wheat experimental plots during the winter wheat growing season. In addition, for each UAS flight mission, winter wheat traits and total yield (only at harvest) were measured through field sampling for model development and validation. We then used a set of vegetation indices (VIs), machine learning algorithms (MLAs), and structure-from-motion (SfM) to estimate winter wheat traits and yield. We found that using linear regression and MLAs, instead of using VIs, improved the capability of UAS-derived data in estimating winter wheat traits and yield. Further, considering the costly and time-intensive process of collecting in-situ data for developing MLAs, using SfM-derived elevation models and red-edge-based VIs, such as CIre and NDRE, are reliable alternatives for estimating key winter wheat traits. Our findings can potentially aid breeders through providing rapid and non-destructive proxies of winter wheat phenotypic traits.
Sleep Quality Moderates the Relationship Between Daily Mean Levels and Variability of Positive Affect
Authors: Song Jiyoung , Crawford Christopher M. , Fisher Aaron J.
Published: January 2023

Despite the well-established bidirectional association between sleep and daytime affect, most studies examining this relationship have focused on mean levels of affect. However, research solely focusing on mean levels of affect inherently neglects variability in affect, which has been shown to predict both psychological and physical well-being beyond mean levels. The present study assessed sleep quality and daytime affect using ecological momentary assessment in a combined sample of individuals (N = 80; 8,881 observations) with and without anxiety and mood disorders. Results from the present study partially replicated extant work on the negative association between negative affect (NA) variability and subsequent sleep quality. Furthermore, less satisfying sleep amplified the positive relationship between daily mean levels and variability of positive affect (PA). The results did not differ by clinical status. The present study offers novel evidence suggesting that previous night’s sleep quality influences the stability of varying daily levels of PA. Uncovering the dynamics of sleep and affect beyond mean levels will help further elucidate mechanisms linking sleep and subsequent affective experiences.
Diversity from the customer's perspective: Good or bad? The case of disability
Authors: Essa Musa
Published: January 2023

The effect of workforce diversity on customers is an important and understudied topic in marketing. The article reviews the published studies investigating how customers perceive and are influenced by employees with disabilities. Studies included for review examined how customers respond when served by an employee with a disability. Scopus was used as the primary database in the search for articles. A total of eight studies have been reviewed. Nearly all the studies are published recently, indicating the growing academic interest in the topic. Findings are discussed as there is no consensus on whether disability can positively or negatively affect the customer’s perception of the employee and the company. Research gaps, methodologies and limitations are addressed, and future research directions are suggested and discussed. This review indicates that this topic is under investigated and there is still room for research given the small number of published work and the methodological and theoretical gaps.
Dark Sides of Data Transparency: Organized Immaturity After GDPR?
Authors: Schade Frederik
Published: January 2023

Organized immaturity refers to the capacity of widely institutionalized sociotechnical systems to challenge qualities of human enlightenment, autonomy, and self-determination. In the context of surveillance capitalism, where these qualities are continuously put at risk, data transparency is increasingly proposed as a means of restoring human maturity by allowing individuals insight and choice vis-à-vis corporate data processing. In this article, however, I draw on research on General Data Protection Regulation–mandated data transparency practices to argue that transparency—while potentially fostering maturity—itself risks producing new forms of organized immaturity by facilitating user ignorance, manipulation, and loss of control of personal data. Considering data transparency’s relative “successes” and “failures” regarding the cultivation of maturity, I outline a set of possible remedies while arguing for a general need to develop more sophisticated ethical appreciations of transparency’s complex and potentially problematic implications for organized (im)maturity in the digital age.
High plant density increases sunlight interception and yield of direct-seeded winter canola in China
Authors: Wang Rui , Wu Weixian , Cheng Xiaolei , Peng Wenli
Published: January 2023

Rationally higher population density is crucial for seeking a balance that meets lodging resistance and maximizes seed yield in mechanized direct-seeded winter canola. In this study, a split-plot experiment with two cultivars (Huayouza9 and Zhongshuang11) and eleven planting densities (12–105 plants m-2) was conducted in a two-season field experiment to evaluate the high planting density in this cropping system and improve its production efficiency. Seed yield noticeably increased in planting density up to 80 plants m-2 in Zhongshuang11 (2187 kg hm-2) and 60 plants m-2 in Huayouza9 (2943 kg hm-2). The seed yield of Huayouza9 did not differ significantly from the local target seed yield. Higher plant density curtailed the luxurious vegetative growth of individual canola plants at the density of no less than 60–80 plants m-2, and high seed yield was derived from the increased ratio of main raceme and branch seed weight in winter canola. An increase in plant densities contributed to the reinforced sunlight interception at the pod-filling stage, providing a larger canopy photosynthetic area for the rapid growth of more canola pods at higher densities (60–105 plants m-2). Lodging resistance and breaking resistance decreased sharply with the plant density increasing from 12 to 60 plants m-2 while remaining almost steady as it further increased from 60 to 105 plants m-2 for Huayouza9 and Zhongshuang11. Hence, the population density of 60 plants m-2 reached a balance between lodging resistance and maximized seed yield in mechanized direct-seeded winter canola in China.
Cognitive-linguistic skills and vocabulary knowledge breadth and depth in children’s L1 Chinese and L2 English
Authors: Pan Dora Jue , Nakayama Mariko , McBride Catherine , Cheah Zebedee Rui En , Zheng Mo , Yeung Charlie Cheuk Laam
Published: January 2023

This study examined the correlates of different aspects of vocabulary knowledge in L1 Chinese and L2 English in Hong Kong bilingual children (N = 481, age = 6–12 years old). Their nonverbal IQ, cognitive-linguistic skills, receptive and expressive vocabulary knowledge breadth, and vocabulary knowledge depth in Chinese and English were measured. Results demonstrated that morphological awareness was uniquely correlated with different aspects of vocabulary knowledge across Chinese and English. Phonological processing skills played different roles in vocabulary knowledge in L1 and L2. In addition, receptive vocabulary breadth uniquely contributed to expressive vocabulary breadth across languages. Moreover, both receptive and expressive vocabulary breadth contributed to vocabulary knowledge depth in L1 Chinese and L2 English. The findings highlight some shared and unique aspects of different vocabulary constructs across languages.
Simulations of dark matter with frequent self-interactions
Authors: Fischer Moritz S.
Published: January 2023

Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) is promising to solve or at least mitigate small-scale problems of cold collisionless dark matter. N-body simulations have proven to be a powerful tool to study SIDM within the astrophysical context. However, it turned out to be difficult to simulate dark matter (DM) models that typically scatter about a small angle, for example, light mediator models. We developed a novel numerical scheme for this regime of frequent self-interactions that allows for N-body simulations of systems like galaxy cluster mergers or even cosmological simulations. We have studied equal and unequal mass mergers of galaxies and galaxy clusters and found significant differences between the phenomenology of frequent self-interactions and the commonly studied large-angle scattering (rare self-interactions). For example, frequent self-interactions tend to produce larger offsets between galaxies and DM than rare self-interactions.
Fate of escaping orbits in barred galaxies
Authors: Mondal Debasish , Chattopadhyay Tanuka
Published: January 2023

In the present work, we have developed a two-dimensional gravitational model of barred galaxies to analyse the fate of escaping stars from the central barred region. For that, the model has been analysed for two different bar profiles viz. strong and weak. Here the phenomena of stellar escape from the central barred region have been studied from the perspective of an open Hamiltonian dynamical system. We observed that the escape routes correspond to the escape basins of the two index-1 saddle points. Our results show that the formation of spiral arms is encouraged for the strong bars. Also, the formation of grand design spirals is more likely for strong bars if they host central super massive black holes (SMBHs). In the absence of central SMBHs, the formation of less-prominent spiral arms is more likely. Again, for weak bars, the formation of inner disc rings is more probable.
GP-MOOD: a positivity-preserving high-order finite volume method for hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Lee Dongwook , Bourgeois Rémi
Published: January 2023

We present an a posteriori shock-capturing finite volume method algorithm called GP-MOOD. The method solves a compressible hyperbolic conservative system at high-order solution accuracy in multiple spatial dimensions. The core design principle in GP-MOOD is to combine two recent numerical methods, the polynomial-free spatial reconstruction methods of GP (Gaussian Process) and the a posteriori detection algorithms of MOOD (Multidimensional Optimal Order Detection). We focus on extending GP’s flexible variability of spatial accuracy to an a posteriori detection formalism based on the MOOD approach. The resulting GP-MOOD method is a positivity-preserving method that delivers its solutions at high-order accuracy, selectable among three accuracy choices, including third-order, fifth-order, and seventh-order.
Hydrodynamical Simulations of Misaligned Accretion Discs in Binary Systems: Companions tear discs
Authors: Doğan S. , Nixon C. J. , King A. R. , Pringle J. E. , Price D.
Published: January 2023

Accretion discs appear in many astrophysical systems. In most cases, these discs are probably not completely axisymmetric. Discs in binary systems are often found to be misaligned with respect to the binary orbit. In this case, the gravitational torque from a companion induces nodal precession in misaligned rings of gas. We first calculate whether this precession is strong enough to overcome the internal disc torques communicating angular momentum. For typical parameters, precession torque wins. To check this result, we perform numerical simulations using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics code, PHANTOM, and confirm that sufficiently thin and sufficiently inclined discs can break into distinct planes that precess effectively independently. Disc tearing is widespread and severely changes the disc structure. It enhances dissipation and promotes stronger accretion onto the central object. We also perform a stability analysis on isolated warped discs to understand the physics of disc breaking and tearing observed in numerical simulations. The instability appears in the form of viscous anti-diffusion of the warp amplitude and the surface density. The discovery of disc breaking and tearing has revealed new physical processes that dramatically change the evolution of accretion discs, with obvious implications for observed systems.
From evolved Long-Period-Variable stars to the evolution of M31
Authors: Torki Maryam , Navabi Mahdieh , Javadi Atefeh , Saremi Elham , van Loon Jacco Th , Ghaziasgar Sepideh
Published: January 2023

One of the ways to understand the genesis and evolution of the universe is to know how galaxies have formed and evolved. In this regard, the study of star formation history (SFH) plays an important role in the accurate understanding of galaxies. In this paper, we used long-period variable stars (LPVs) for estimating the SFH in the Andromeda galaxy (M31). These cool stars reach their peak luminosity in the final stage of their evolution also their birth mass is directly related to their luminosity. Therefore, using stellar evolution models, we construct the mass function and hence the star formation history.
Stellar Population Photometric Synthesis with AI of S-PLUS galaxies
Authors: Cernic Vitor ,   for the S-PLUS collaboration
Published: January 2023

We trained a Neural Network that can obtain selected STARLIGHT parameters directly from S-PLUS photometry. The training set consisted of over 55 thousand galaxies with their stellar population parameters obtained from a STARLIGHT application by Cid Fernandes et al. (2005). These galaxies were crossmatched with the S-PLUS iDR 3 database, thus, recovering the photometry for the 12 band filters for 55803 objects. We also considered the spectroscopic redshift for each object which was obtained from the SDSS. Finally, we trained a fully connected Neural Network with the 12-band photometry + redshift as features, and targeted some of the STARLIGHT parameters, such as stellar mass and mean stellar age. The model performed very well for some parameters, for example, the stellar mass, with an error of 0.23 dex. In the future, we aim to apply the model to all S-PLUS galaxies, obtaining never-before-seen photometric synthesis for most objects in the catalogue.
Early structure formation in the THESAN radiation-magneto-hydrodynamics simulations
Authors: Garaldi E. , Kannan R. , Smith A. , Springel V. , Pakmor R. , Vogelsberger M. , Hernquist L.
Published: January 2023

The formation of the first galaxies in the Universe is the new frontier of both galaxy formation and reionization studies. This creates a fierce new challenge, i.e. to simultaneously understand in a unique and coherent picture the processes of galaxy formation and reionization, and – crucially – their connection. To this end, we present the thesan suite of cosmological radiation-magneto-hydrodynamical simulations. They are unique since they: (i) cover a very broad range of spatial and temporal scales; (ii) include an unprecedentedly-broad range of physical processes for simulations of such scales and resolution; (iii) exploit knowledge accumulated at low redshift to minimize the number of free parameters in the physical model; (iv) use a variance-suppression technique in the production of initial conditions to increase their statistical fidelity. Finally, the thesan suite includes multiple runs of the same initial conditions, exploring current unknowns in the physics of dark matter and ionizing sources.
The complex evolution of supermassive black holes in cosmological simulations
Authors: Johansson Peter H. , Mannerkoski Matias , Rantala Antti , Liao Shihong , Rawlings Alexander , Irodotou Dimitrios , Rizzuto Francesco
Published: January 2023

We present here self-consistent zoom-in simulations of massive galaxies forming in a full cosmological setting. The simulations are run with an updated version of the KETJU code, which is able to resolve the gravitational dynamics of their supermassive black holes, while simultaneously modelling the large-scale astrophysical processes in the surrounding galaxies, such as gas cooling, star formation and stellar and AGN feedback. The KETJU code is able to accurately model the complex behaviour of multiple SMBHs, including dynamical friction, stellar scattering and gravitational wave emission, and also to resolve Lidov–Kozai oscillations that naturally occur in hierarchical triplet SMBH systems. In general most of the SMBH binaries form at moderately high eccentricities, with typical values in the range of , meaning that the circular binary models that are commonly used in the literature are insufficient for capturing the typical binary evolution.
Studying Magnetic Field Amplification in Interacting Galaxies Using Numerical Simulations
Authors: Selg Simon , Schmidt Wolfram
Published: January 2023

There are indications that the magnetic field evolution in galaxies might be massively shaped by tidal interactions and mergers between galaxies. The details of the connection between the evolution of magnetic fields and that of their host galaxies is still a field of research.

We use a combined approach of magnetohydrodynamics for the baryons and an N-body scheme for the dark matter to investigate magnetic field amplification and evolution in interacting galaxies.

We find that, for two colliding equal-mass galaxies and for varying initial relative spatial orientations, magnetic fields are amplified during interactions, yet cannot be sustained. Furthermore, we find clues for an active mean-field dynamo.
Modeling protoplanetary disk evolution in young star forming regions
Authors: Wilhelm Martijn J. C. , Portegies Zwart Simon , Cournoyer-Cloutier Claude , Lewis Sean , Polak Brooke , Tran Aaron , Mac Low Mordecai-Mark , McMillan Stephen L. W.
Published: January 2023

Stars form in clusters, while planets form in gaseous disks around young stars. Cluster dissolution occurs on longer time scales than disk dispersal. Planet formation thus typically takes place while the host star is still inside the cluster. We explore how the presence of other stars affects the evolution of circumstellar disks. Our numerical approach requires multi-scale and multi-physics simulations where the relevant components and their interactions are resolved. The simulations start with the collapse of a turbulent cloud, from which stars with disks form, which are able to influence each other. We focus on the effect of extinction due to residual cloud gas on the early evolution of circumstellar disks. We find that this extinction protects circumstellar disks against external photoevaporation, but these disks then become vulnerable to dynamic truncation by passing stars. We conclude that circumstellar disk evolution is heavily affected by the early evolution of the cluster.
Toward Realistic Models of Core Collapse Supernovae: A Brief Review
Authors: Mezzacappa Anthony
Published: January 2023

Motivated by their role as the direct or indirect source of many of the elements in the Universe, numerical modeling of core collapse supernovae began more than five decades ago. Progress toward ascertaining the explosion mechanism(s) has been realized through increasingly sophisticated models, as physics and dimensionality have been added, as physics and numerical modeling have improved, and as the leading computational resources available to modelers have become far more capable. The past five to ten years have witnessed the emergence of a consensus across the core collapse supernova modeling community that had not existed in the four decades prior. For the majority of progenitors – i.e., slowly rotating progenitors – the efficacy of the delayed shock mechanism, where the stalled supernova shock wave is revived by neutrino heating by neutrinos emanating from the proto-neutron star, has been demonstrated by all core collapse supernova modeling groups, across progenitor mass and metallicity. With this momentum, and now with a far deeper understanding of the dynamics of these events, the path forward is clear. While much progress has been made, much work remains to be done, but at this time we have every reason to be optimistic we are on track to answer one of the most important outstanding questions in astrophysics: How do massive stars end their lives?
Kinetic modeling of auroral events at solar and extrasolar planets
Authors: Shematovich Valery I. , Bisikalo Dmitry V.
Published: January 2023

Auroral events are the prominent manifestation of solar/stellar forcing on planetary atmospheres and are closely related to the energy deposition by and evolution of planetary atmospheres. Observations of auroras are widely used to analyze the composition, structure, and chemistry of the atmosphere under study, as well as charged particle and energy fluxes that affect the atmosphere. Numerical kinetic Monte Carlo models had been developed allowing us to study the processes of precipitation of high-energy electrons, protons and hydrogen atoms into the planetary atmospheres on molecular level of description, taking into account the stochastic nature of collisional scattering at high kinetic energies. Such models are used to study auroras at both magnetized and non-magnetized planets in the Solar and extrasolar planetary systems. The current status of the kinetic model is illustrated in application to the auroral events at Mars.
Periarthropathien
Authors: Voss Peter
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung. Der Begriff Periarthropathien beschreibt Erkrankungen von Strukturen «rund um ein Gelenk». Die Definition bleibt unscharf und umfasst ein heterogenes Spektrum mit mannigfaltigen Ursachen. Dieser Artikel umreisst diese Thematik allgemein und bietet im Abschnitt «Ausgewählte Krankheitsbilder» ein paar konkrete Beispiele an Schulter und Ellenbogen.
Look Up: Probing the Vertical Profile of New Particle Formation and Growth in the Planetary Boundary Layer With Models and Observations
Authors: O’Donnell Samuel E. , Akherati Ali , He Yicong , Hodshire Anna L. , Shilling John E. , Kuang Chongai , Fast Jerome D. , Mei Fan , Schobesberger Siegfried , Thornton Joel A. , Smith James N. , Jathar Shantanu H. , Pierce Jeffrey R.
Published: January 2023

The processes of new particle formation (NPF) and growth are important contributors to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, and CCN are important for climate from their impact on planetary radiative forcing. While the general ubiquity and importance of NPF is understood, the vertical extent and governing mechanisms of NPF and growth in the lower troposphere are uncertain. We present an analysis of four NPF events and two non‐NPF events during the HI‐SCALE field campaign at the Southern Great Plains observatory in Oklahoma, USA. First, we analyzed airborne and ground‐based observations of aerosol and gas‐phase properties. Second, we used a column aerosol chemistry and microphysics model to probe factors that influence the vertical profile of NPF. During HI‐SCALE, we found several instances of enhanced NPF occurring several hundred meters above the surface; however, the spatio‐temporal characteristics of the observed NPF made comparisons between airborne‐ and ground‐based observations difficult. The model represented the observed NPF (or lack of NPF) and particle growth at the surface to final diameters within 10 nm. The model predicted enhanced NPF rates in the upper mixed layer, and this enhancement is primarily due to the temperature dependence in the NPF schemes, but this was also dependent on the vertical profile of gas‐phase precursors measured during HI‐SCALE. We found vertical mixing in the model either enhanced or suppressed NPF rates, aerosol number concentrations, and particle growth rates at the surface. Finally, our analysis provides insights for future field campaigns and modeling efforts investigating the vertical profile of NPF.