bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary nutrient restrictions in the post-weaning period change feed efficiency and productivity of Santa Inês ewe lambs
Authors: dos Santos Costa Clésio , Pinheiro Rogério Marcos Cláudio , Gleyson da Silveira Alves Francisco , Freitas Guedes Luciana , Pompeu Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco , Lima Ferreira Alexandre , de Vasconcelos Ângela Maria , Muir James Pierre , Neiva José Neuman Miranda
Published: July 2020

Context
Interest in sheep production has grown considerably, mainly in the meat market segment in large urban centres. This growth is due to improved efficiencyand quality products, which makes the segment attractive for production.

Aims
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of dietary nutrient restrictions on the feed efficiency and productivity of Santa Inês ewe lambs.

Methods
Twenty Santa Inês ewe lambs were weaned at an average weight of 15.09 ± 2.63 kg and were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial design to nutritional plans for carcass finishing (early and late maturity) and levels of nutrient restriction (0% and 15% reduction of both crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) relative to requirements) with five replications per treatment. The trial was divided into two phases: lambs aged 4–8 months (<8 months) and lambs >8 months old.

Key results
There were no differences (P > 0.05) between diets for average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency and residual feed intake. Ratios of ADG:DMI (% of liveweight (LW) and LW0.75) were affected (P ≤ 0.05) by restriction in ewe lambs >8 months old. Restriction model tests (ω1, ω2, ω3 and ω4) did not differ (P > 0.05) from complete models for diets formulated for early maturity; therefore, a single standard growth curve fitted this nutritional plan. On the other hand, the restriction model responses for diets formulated to late maturity differed (P ≤ 0.05) from the complete model, generating different standard growth curves according to the applied restriction. Feeding Santa Inês ewe lambs a restricted diet (by 15% CP and TDN) in an early-maturity nutritional plan will allow lambs to reach slaughter LW earlier than those fed unrestricted diets.

Conclusions and implications
When the objective is to terminate animals at a later age (>8 months), unrestricted diet formulated to a late-maturity nutritional plan will produce higher LW and subsequent reproductive efficiency. By contrast, reducing CP and TDN by 15% for ewe lambs >8 months of age may reduce growth rates at an initial phase.
What makes a plant science manuscript successful for publication?
Authors: Setter Timothy L. , Munns Rana , Stefanova Katia , Shabala Sergey
Published: July 2020

Dissemination of new knowledge is arguably the most critical component of the academic activity. In this context, scientific publishing is a pinnacle of any research work. Although the scientific content has always been the primary measure of a paper’s impact, by itself it may not always be sufficient for maximum impact. Good scientific writing and ability to meet priority characteristics of the target journal are essential, and inability to meet appropriate standards may jeopardise the chances for dissemination of results. This paper analyses the key features necessary for successfully publishing scientific research manuscripts. Conclusions are validated by a survey of 22 international scientific journals in agriculture and plant biology whose editors-in-chief have provided current data on key features related to manuscript acceptance or rejection. The top priorities for manuscript rejection by scientific journals in agriculture and plant biology are: (1) lack of sufficient novelty; (2) flaws in methods or data interpretation; (3) inadequate data analyses; and (4) poor critical scientific thinking. The inability to meet these requirements may result in rejection of even the best set of data. Recommendations are made for critical thinking and integration of good scientific writing with quality research. These recommendations will improve the quality of manuscripts submitted for publication to scientific journals and hence improve their likelihood of acceptance.
A survey of Australian general practitioners’ hepatitis C knowledge and management 2 years after subsidised direct-acting antiviral therapy became available
Authors: Gooey Michelle , Wong Evelyn , Pedrana Alisa , Allard Nicole , Doyle Joseph , Hellard Margaret , Wade Amanda
Published: July 2020

In 2016, hepatitis C direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) became available in Australia. A group of general practitioners (GPs) were surveyed twice to assess hepatitis C knowledge and management; 191/1000 (19.1%) responded at baseline, 164/938 (17.5%) at follow up. Participants’ mean Knowledge score increased: baseline 5.75 (95% CI 5.61–5.91), follow up 6.09 (95% CI 5.95–6.22; P <0.01). At follow up, 36/163 (22%) had prescribed DAAs compared with 23/187 (12%) at baseline (χ2(1) = 5.95, P = 0.02); however, 67/150 (45%) were unsure of treatment eligibility for people who inject drugs. Additional support for GPs is warranted to ensure optimal hepatitis C management in primary care.
Aggregation index, carbon, nitrogen, and natural abundance of 13C and 15N in soil aggregates and bulk soil cultivated with onion under crop successions and rotations
Authors: Giumbelli Lucas Dupont , Loss Arcângelo , Ventura Barbara Santos , dos Santos Junior Elano , Almeida Janaine , Piccolo Marisa de Cássia , Mafra Álvaro Luiz , Kurtz Claudinei , Brunetto Gustavo , Comin Jucinei José
Published: July 2020

Use of soil cover crops of different families in crop rotation or succession under no-tillage system (NTS) for onion production results in higher soil quality compared to land use systems with less plant diversity. The objective was to evaluate the effect of using different combinations of plant species from different botanical families in rotation and succession of soil cover crops in NTS for onion production on formation of macroaggregates, mesoaggregates, and microaggregates, and on total organic C (TOC) and N (TN) contents, including isotopic forms of C and N, in soil aggregates and bulk soil. The treatments (T) evaluated were maize/onion (NTS-T1); cover plants (winter)/onion (NTS-T2); maize/winter grasses/onion (NTS-T3); velvet bean/onion (NTS-T4); millet/cover plants (winter)/onion (NTS-T5); velvet bean/rye/onion (NTS-T6); maize/onion in conventional tillage system (CTS-T7); and intercrop cover plants (summer)/onion (NTS-T8). We evaluated macroaggregates (8.0–0.25 mm), microaggregates (<0.25 mm), and bulk soil (<2.0 mm) at depths of 0–5, 5–10, and 10–20 cm, in a nine-year field experiment. The greater plant diversity in T2–T6 and T8 resulted in higher geometric mean diameter (GMD) of aggregates compared to T1 and T7. The T8 was more efficient in increasing GMD in the 10–20 cm soil depth than the other treatments. The T1 was more efficient in improving the evaluated soil physical and chemical attributes than T7. The use of NTS with plants of the Poaceae and Fabaceae families in single or intercrop systems for onion production resulted in higher TOC and TN contents in the 0–5 and 5–10 cm soil depths compared to CTS. Isotope 15N measurements showed that C and N were more protected in microaggregates in all evaluated treatments and depths compared to macroaggregates and bulk soil. Macroaggregates had more TOC and TN than microaggregates.
Mothers’ and adolescents’ perceptions of AIDS vulnerability
Authors: Boone Tanya L. , Lefkowitz Eva S. , Romo Laura , Corona Rosalie , Sigman Marian , Au Terry Kit-Fong
Published: July 2020

The authors examined perceived vulnerability to AIDS among mothers and adolescents. One hundred and eleven mother–adolescent dyads of Latino descent participated in the study, completing questionnaires about perceived AIDS vulnerability, exposure to people with AIDS, AIDS knowledge, and mother–adolescent communication about AIDS and sexuality. Mothers reported lower levels of AIDS vulnerability than did their adolescents, although mothers were more knowledgeable about AIDS than were their adolescents. The results of this study have implications for the role of perceived vulnerability in health behaviour models and for future interventions aimed at preventing HIV in adolescents.
Faculty Education in Addiction Training (FEAT): Evaluating an Online Training Program for Multidisciplinary Health Professions Educators
Authors: John Rachel Sonia , Salas-Wright Christopher P. , Amodeo Maryann , Chassler Deborah , Alford Daniel P.
Published: July 2020

Background: Many health professionals lack adequate training needed to effectively address alcohol and other drug (AOD)-related problems. Building upon our previously successful in-person faculty training programs, we designed and pilot tested the brief online Faculty Education in Addiction Training (FEAT) Program for social work and internal medicine residency faculty. The present study examines baseline and post-FEAT Program AOD knowledge and teaching confidence and preparedness among faculty participants.

Methods: The FEAT Program curriculum included didactic videos, online engagement with content experts, recommended readings, and a live virtual classroom experience. Participants completed self-assessments of knowledge and teaching confidence and preparedness pre- and post-FEAT program.

Results: In this pilot test, thirty faculty completed the FEAT program: 15 social work and 15 internal medical residency program faculty. Both groups showed significant improvement ( p < 0.001) in overall AOD-related knowledge with medium-to-large effects (Cohen's d = 1.83 [social work], 0.72 [medicine]). Both groups showed significant increases in teaching confidence ( p < 0.001) for all items with large effects (Cohen's d values range from 1.08 to 1.92) and significant increases and large effects for all teaching preparedness items for social work (at least p < 0.01 | Cohen's d range = 1.03–1.56) and internal medical residency faculty ( p < 0.001 | Cohen's d range = 1.08–1.69).

Conclusions: Multidisciplinary health professions educators’ AOD knowledge and teaching confidence and preparedness can be improved by participation in a brief online program designed to circumvent the logistical and fiscal challenges presented by in-person programs.
Article Commentary: COVID-19 and Persons with Substance use Disorders: Inequities and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Melamed Osnat C. , Hauck Tanya S. , Buckley Leslie , Selby Peter , Mulsant Benoit H.
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately disrupts the daily lives of marginalized populations. Persons with substance use disorders are a particularly vulnerable population because of their unique social and health care needs. They face significant harm from both the pandemic itself and its social and economic consequences, including marginalization in health care and social systems. Hence, we discuss: (1) why persons with substance use disorders are at increased risk for infection with COVID-19 and a severe illness course; (2) anticipated adverse consequences of COVID-19 in persons with substance use disorders; (3) challenges to health care delivery and substance use treatment programs during and after the COVID-19 pandemic; and (4) the potential impact on clinical research in substance use disorders. We offer recommendations for clinical, public health, and social policies to mitigate these challenges and to prevent negative outcomes.
Article Commentary: Stepped Care for Opioid use Disorder Train the Trainer (SCOUTT) Initiative: Expanding Access to Medication Treatment for Opioid use Disorder within Veterans Health Administration Facilities
Authors: Gordon Adam J. , Drexler Karen , Hawkins Eric J. , Burden Jennifer , Codell Nodira K. , Mhatre-Owens Amy , Dungan Matthew T. , Hagedorn Hildi
Published: July 2020

The US is confronted with a rise in opioid use disorder (OUD), opioid misuse, and opioid-associated harms. Medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD)—including methadone, buprenorphine and naltrexone—is the gold standard treatment for OUD. MOUD reduces illicit opioid use, mortality, criminal activity, healthcare costs, and high-risk behaviors. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has invested in several national initiatives to encourage access to MOUD treatment. Despite these efforts, by 2017, just over a third of all Veterans diagnosed with OUD received MOUD. VHA OUD specialty care is often concentrated in major hospitals throughout the nation and access to this care can be difficult due to geography or patient choice. Recognizing the urgent need to improve access to MOUD care, in the Spring of 2018, the VHA initiated the Stepped Care for Opioid Use Disorder, Train the Trainer (SCOUTT) Initiative to facilitate access to MOUD in VHA non-SUD care settings. The SCOUTT Initiative's primary goal is to increase MOUD prescribing in VHA primary care, mental health, and pain clinics by training providers working in those settings on how to provide MOUD and to facilitate implementation by providing an ongoing learning collaborative. Thirteen healthcare providers from each of the 18 VHA regional networks across the VHA were invited to implement the SCOUTT Initiative within one facility in each network. We describe the goals and initial activities of the SCOUTT Initiative leading up to a two-day national SCOUTT Initiative conference attended by 246 participants from all 18 regional networks in the VHA. We also discuss subsequent implementation facilitation and evaluation plans for the SCOUTT Initiative. The VHA SCOUTT Initiative could be a model strategy to implement MOUD within large, diverse health care systems.
Medication Treatment for Opioid use Disorder and Community Pharmacy: Expanding Care during a National Epidemic and Global Pandemic
Authors: Cochran Gerald , Bruneau Julie , Cox Nicholas , Gordon Adam J.
Published: July 2020

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), such as methadone and buprenorphine, are effective strategies for treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) and reducing overdose risk. MOUD treatment rates continue to be low across the US, and currently, some evidence suggests access to evidence-based treatment is becoming increasingly difficult for those with OUD as a result of the 2019 novel corona virus (COVID-19). A major underutilized source to address these serious challenges in the US is community pharmacy given the specialized training of pharmacists, high levels of consumer trust, and general availability for accessing these service settings. Canadian, Australian, and European pharmacists have made important contributions to the treatment and care of those with OUD over the past decades. Unfortunately, US pharmacists are not permitted to prescribe MOUD and are only currently allowed to dispense methadone for the treatment of pain, not OUD. US policymakers, regulators, and practitioners must work to facilitate this advancement of community pharmacy-based through research, education, practice, and industry. Advancing community pharmacy-based MOUD for leading clinical management of OUD and dispensation of treatment medications will afford the US a critical innovation for addressing the opioid epidemic, fallout from COVID-19, and getting individuals the care they need.
Development of a novel formula for estimating the amylose content of starch using japonica milled rice flours based on the iodine absorption curve
Authors: Nakamura Sumiko , Yamaguchi Hiroki , Benitani Yuu , Ohtsubo Ken’Ichi
Published: July 2020

The apparent amylose content (AAC) is usually measured by an iodine colorimetric method using the starch as a sample. Nevertheless, it is time-consuming and labor-intensive to prepare rice starch. Therefore, we compared two methods, starch method and milled rice flour method. The former AACs were higher than the latter and correlated with pasting properties, physical properties and sensory scores better than the latter. Therefore, we developed a novel formula for estimating the AACs of starches from japonica rice cultivars using milled rice flours instead of using rice starch. The correlation coefficients of the new formula were 0.89 for calibration and 0.94 for validation, which showed that this equation can be applied to unknown japonica rice samples, and will lead to easy, rapid, and accurate iodine method to determine rice AACs using milled rice flours instead of starch.

Abbreviations: AAC: apparent amylose content; RS: resistant starch; SLC: super-long chain; CD: chain length distribution; RVA: Rapid Visco Analyzer; SB: setback; BD: breakdown; Max.vis: maximum viscosity; Min.vis: minimum viscosity; Pt: pasting temperature; Cons: consistency; Final.vis: Final viscosity; SB/Cons: setback/consistency; Max/Min: maximum viscosity/minimum viscosity; Max/Fin: maximum viscosity/final viscosity.
The impact of flooding on Nigeria’s sustainable development goals (SDGs)
Authors: Echendu Adaku Jane
Published: July 2020

Nigeria has Africa’s biggest economy and a population of over 200 million people. Nigeria faces numerous challenges as it struggles to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with flooding being the most serious with wide-reaching impacts. This paper highlights the impact flooding has on Nigeria reaching SDGs and enumerates the specific SDGs most directly impacted. A systematic literature review provides an overview of the relationship between flooding in Nigeria and the SDGs. It highlights the main causes of Nigeria’s flooding problem are man-made and advocates spatial planning as a suitable Flood Risk Management (FRM) strategy for the Nigerian environment. The paper calls for collaborative action by all concerned stakeholders to address the flooding problem and to help move Nigeria closer to meeting the United Nations (UN) 2030 SDGs. Most importantly, the evidence presented in this paper seeks to promote action on a national scale to combat the flooding in Nigeria and help the nation work more effectively toward achieving the SDGs.
Different lineage contexts direct common pro-neural factors to specify distinct retinal cell subtypes
Authors: Wang Mei , Du Lei , Lee Aih Cheun , Li Yan , Qin Huiwen , He Jie
Published: July 2020

How astounding neuronal diversity arises from variable cell lineages in vertebrates remains mostly elusive. By in vivo lineage tracing of ∼1,000 single zebrafish retinal progenitors, we identified a repertoire of subtype-specific stereotyped neurogenic lineages. Remarkably, within these stereotyped lineages, GABAergic amacrine cells were born with photoreceptor cells, whereas glycinergic amacrine cells were born with OFF bipolar cells. More interestingly, post-mitotic differentiation blockage of GABAergic and glycinergic amacrine cells resulted in their respecification into photoreceptor and bipolar cells, respectively, suggesting lineage constraint in cell subtype specification. Using single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analyses, we further identified lineage-specific progenitors, each defined by specific transcription factors that exhibited characteristic chromatin accessibility dynamics. Finally, single pro-neural factors could specify different neuron types/subtypes in a lineage-dependent manner. Our findings reveal the importance of lineage context in defining neuronal subtypes and provide a demonstration of in vivo lineage-dependent induction of unique retinal neuron subtypes for treatment purposes.
cDC1 dysregulation in cancer: An opportunity for intervention
Authors: Gajewski Thomas F. , Cron Kyle R.
Published: July 2020

Conventional dendritic cells driven by the transcription factor Batf3 (cDC1 cells) are critical for the activation and maintenance of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. In this issue of JEM, Lin et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190673) demonstrate systemic dysfunction of cDC1 cells in pancreatic cancer, which offers potential treatment strategies to expand the benefit of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.
Multipoint formulas for scattered far field in multidimensions
Authors: Novikov R G
Published: July 2020

We give asymptotic formulas for finding the scattering amplitude at fixed frequency and angles (scattered far field) from the scattering wave function given at n points in dimension d ⩾ 2. These formulas are explicit and their precision is proportional to n. To our knowledge these formulas are new for n ⩾ 2; whereas they reduce to a classical result for n = 1.
Stability for inverse source problems by Carleman estimates
Authors: Huang X , Yu Imanuvilov O , Yamamoto M
Published: July 2020

In this article, we provide a modified argument for proving stability for inverse problems of determining spatially varying functions in evolution equations by Carleman estimates. Our method does not require any cut-off procedures and therefore simplifies the existing proofs. We establish the conditional stability for inverse source problems for a hyperbolic equation and a parabolic equation, and our method is widely applicable to various evolution equations.
Global stability properties of the climate: Melancholia states, invariant measures, and phase transitions
Authors: Lucarini Valerio , Bódai Tamás
Published: July 2020

For a wide range of values of the intensity of the incoming solar radiation, the Earth features at least two attracting states, which correspond to competing climates. The warm climate is analogous to the present one; the snowball climate features global glaciation and conditions that can hardly support life forms. Paleoclimatic evidences suggest that in the past our planet flipped between these two states. The main physical mechanism responsible for such an instability is the ice-albedo feedback. In a previous work, we defined the Melancholia states that sit between the two climates. Such states are embedded in the boundaries between the two basins of attraction and feature extensive glaciation down to relatively low latitudes. Here, we explore the global stability properties of the system by introducing random perturbations as modulations to the intensity of the incoming solar radiation. We observe noise-induced transitions between the competing basins of attraction. In the weak-noise limit, large deviation laws define the invariant measure, the statistics of escape times, and typical escape paths called instantons. By constructing the instantons empirically, we show that the Melancholia states are the gateways for the noise-induced transitions. In the region of multistability, in the zero-noise limit, the measure is supported only on one of the competing attractors. For low (high) values of the solar irradiance, the limit measure is the snowball (warm) climate. The changeover between the two regimes corresponds to a first-order phase transition in the system. The framework we propose seems of general relevance for the study of complex multistable systems. Finally, we put forward a new method for constructing Melancholia states from direct numerical simulations, which provides a possible alternative with respect to the edge-tracking algorithm.
Improving the imaging performance of the 1.5 T MR-linac using a flexible, 32-channel, on-body receive array
Authors: Zijlema Stefan E , Tijssen Rob H N , van Dijk Luca , Hackett Sara L , Wolthaus Jochem W H , Breimer Wico , Lagendijk Jan J W , van den Berg Cornelis A T
Published: July 2020

High impedance coils (HICs) are suitable as a building block of receive arrays for MRI-guided radiotherapy (MRIgRT) as HICs do not require radiation-attenuating capacitors and dense support materials. Recently, we proved the feasibility of using HICs to create a radiation transparent (i.e. radiolucent) window. In this work, we constructed a fully functional 32-channel array based on this design. The anterior element is flexible and follows the shape of the subject, while the posterior element is rigid to support the subject. Both elements feature a 2 × 8 channel layout. Here, we discuss the construction process and characterize the array’s radiolucency and imaging performance. The dosimetric impact of the array was quantified by assessing the surface dose increase and attenuation of a single beam. The imaging performance of the prototype was compared to the clinical array in terms of visual appearance, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and acceleration performance, both in phantom and in-vivo measurements. Dosimetry measurements showed that on-body placement changed the anterior and posterior surface dose by +3% and −16% of the dose maximum. Attenuation under the anterior support materials and conductors was 0.3% and ≤1.5%, respectively. Phantom and in-vivo imaging with this array demonstrated an improvement of the SNR at the surface and the image quality in general. Simultaneous irradiation did not affect the SNR. G-factors were reduced considerably and clinically used sequences could be accelerated by up to 45%, which would greatly reduce pre-beam imaging times. Finally, the maximally achievable temporal resolution of abdominal 3D cine imaging was improved to 1.1 s, which was > 5 × faster than could be achieved with the clinical array. This constitutes a big step towards the ability to resolve respiratory motion in 3D. In conclusion, the proposed 32-channel array is compatible with MRIgRT and can significantly reduce scan times and/or improve the image quality of all on-line scans.
Multispectrum rotational states distribution thermometry: application to the 3ν1 + ν3 band of carbon dioxide
Authors: Gotti R , Lamperti M , Gatti D , Wójtewicz S , Puppe T , Mayzlin Y , Alsaif B , Robinson-Tait J , Rohde F , Wilk R , Leisching P , Kaenders W G , Laporta P , Marangoni M
Published: July 2020

In this paper we propose multispectrum rotational states distribution thermometry as an optical method for primary thermometry. It relies on a global fitting of multiple absorption lines of the same band at different pressures. The approach allows leveraging both the temperature-dependent Doppler width and the temperature-dependent distribution of line intensities across the ro-vibrational band. We provide a proof-of-principle demonstration of the approach on the 3ν
1 + ν
3 band of CO2, for which several accurate line-strength models of both theoretical and experimental origin are available for the global fitting. Our experimental conditions do not allow to test the methodology beyond a combined uncertainty of 530 ppm, but the comparative analysis between different line-strength models shows promise to reduce the error budget to few tens of ppm. As compared to Doppler-broadening thermometry, the approach is advantageous to mitigate systematic errors induced by a wrong modelling of absorption line-shapes and to reduce, for a given experimental dataset, the statistical uncertainty by a factor of 2. When applied in a reverse way, i.e. using a gas of known temperature, the approach becomes a stringent testbed for the accuracy of the adopted line-strength model.
Physiological synchrony in EEG, electrodermal activity and heart rate reflects shared selective auditory attention
Authors: Stuldreher Ivo V , Thammasan Nattapong , van Erp Jan B F , Brouwer Anne-Marie
Published: July 2020

Objective. Concurrent changes in physiological signals across multiple listeners (physiological synchrony—PS), as caused by shared affective or cognitive processes, may be a suitable marker of selective attentional focus. We aimed to identify the selective attention of participants based on PS with individuals sharing attention with respect to different stimulus aspects. Approach. We determined PS in electroencephalography (EEG), electrodermal activity (EDA) and electrocardiographic inter-beat interval (IBI) of participants who all heard the exact same audio track, but were instructed to either attend to the audiobook or to interspersed auditory events such as affective sounds and beeps that attending participants needed to keep track of. Main results. PS in all three measures reflected the selective attentional focus of participants. In EEG and EDA, PS was higher for participants when linked to participants with the same attentional instructions than when linked to participants instructed to focus on different stimulus aspects, but in IBI this effect did not reach significance. Comparing PS between a participant and members from the same or the different attentional group allowed for the correct identification of the participant’s attentional instruction in 96%, 73% and 73% of the cases, for EEG, EDA and IBI, respectively, all well above chance level. PS with respect to the attentional groups also predicted performance on post-audio questions about the groups’ stimulus content. Significance. Our results show that selective attention of participants can be monitored using PS, not only in EEG, but also in EDA and IBI. These results are promising for real-world applications, where wearables measuring peripheral signals like EDA and IBI may be preferred over EEG sensors.
Space charge induced losses in the CERN injector complex
Authors: Bartosik H. , Asvesta F. , Huschauer A. , Papaphilippou Y. , Schmidt F.
Published: July 2020

Space charge effects in high intensity and high brightness synchrotrons can lead to undesired beam emittance growth, beam halo formation and particle loss. A series of dedicated machine experiments has been performed over the past decade in order to study these effects in the particular regime of long-term beam storage as required for certain applications. This paper gives an overview of the present understanding of the underlying beam dynamics mechanisms, with particular emphasis on space charge induced losses and the experience gained at the CERN injector complex. The focus is on the space charge induced periodic resonance crossing, which has been identified as the main mechanism causing beam degradation for long storage times. Examples of space charge driven and error driven resonances are presented, including possible mitigation strategies. Furthermore, an outlook for possible future directions of studies is presented.
Balancing gain and loss in symmetrised multi-well potentials
Authors: Dizdarevic Daniel , Cartarius Holger , Main Jörg , Wunner Günter
Published: July 2020

Balanced gain and loss leads to stationary dynamics in open systems. This occurs naturally in

PT

-symmetric systems, where the imaginary part of the potential describing gain and loss is perfectly antisymmetric. While this case seems intuitive, stationary dynamics are also possible in asymmetric open systems. Open multi-well quantum systems can possess completely or partly real spectra if their Hamiltonian is symmetrised or semi-symmetrised, respectively. In contrast to similar concepts, symmetrisation allows for the description of physical multi-well potentials with gain and loss. A simple matrix model for the description of two and three-mode systems is used as an example, for which analytical symmetrised solutions are derived. It is explicitly shown how symmetrisation can be used to systematically find two-mode systems with a stable, stationary ground state and why only

PT

-symmetric two-mode systems can have stationary excited states.
Vegetation Analysis And Carbon Stock Estimation In Kuningan Botanical Garden West Java
Authors: Astari W , Rosleine D , Lastini T , Wahyu J C , Manggala R
Published: July 2020

Research on plant biodiversity and carbon stock estimation are highlighted due to global issue on climate change. Therefore, this study was conducted to record plant diversity and estimate carbon stock in Kuningan Botanical Garden (KBG). Nested plots 20m × 20m were placed systematically with random start sampling to record tree species and to estimate carbon stock. Poles were recorded in subplots 10m × 10m; shrubs and sapling in subplots 5m × 5m; while seedling and herbaceous plants in subplots 2m × 2m. Data were analyzed to calculate Shannon Wiener diversity index and important value index (IVI). Destructive method was used to estimate soil carbon content, meanwhile tree carbon content was estimated by using allometric method. Biodiversity index in KBG is 2.8 with dominant trees were S. wallichii (IVI: 46.22%) and Gmelina arborea (IVI: 30.24%); S. wallichii (IVI: 65.87%) and Gnetum gnemon (IVI: 39.11%) in pole stage; Adenanthera Pavonina (IV: 41.56%) and G. gnemon (IV: 41.56%) in seedling stage. Dominant shrubs were Mimosa invisa (IVI: 59.42%) and Mimosa pudica (IVI: 42.90%); Centrocema pubescens (IVI: 26.52%) and Paspalum cartilagineum (IVI: 25.91%) as dominant herb in KGB. Plant composition in this area depicted human activity (plantation) changed natural forest composition. Carbon stock in tree stands is 25.45 tonC/ha (11.06%); understorey is 11.29 tonC/ha (4.9%); litter is 6.32 tonC / ha (2.75 %); necromass is 0.17 tonC/ha (0.07%); and soil organic carbon is 186.85 tonC/ha (81.21%). Therefore, we can estimate that total carbon stock in Kuningan Botanical Garden (156.4 ha) is 35985 tons.
Soil fertility status at Kuningan Botanical Garden, Kuningan Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Manggala R , Rosleine D , Lastini T , Wahyu J C , Astari W
Published: July 2020

Kuningan Botanical Garden (KBG) is an ex-situ conservation area adjacent to the Mount Ciremai National Park. Soil characteristics are an essential information, especially to determine zonation at KBG. This research was conducted to describe soil fertility status at KBG through physical and chemical properties of soil (Cation Exchange Capacity/CEC, Base Saturation/BS, Soil Organic Carbon/C-Organic, Total Soil Phosphorus (total-P), and Total Soil Potassium (total-K)). Soil from eight locations were sampled by using a diagonal systematic and a purposive sampling method. Soil samples (9 sub sample points at each location) were mixed, then analyzed at Integrated Testing Laboratory in Vegetable Research Center (BALITSA) Lembang, Indonesia. Land in this research area is dominated by volcanic rocks with various levels of slope and soil fertility. Soil type divided into Andosol and Podzolic soils with soil textures dominated by clay and clay loam. CEC value at KBG is categorized as low to moderate (10.83 – 19.21 cmol/kg); BS value is categorized as low to very high (21 – 81 %); C-Organic is categorized as low to very high (1.33 – 7.05 %); total-P is categorized as high to very high (46.54 – 73.6 mg/100g); and total-K is categorized as low to high (7.25 – 44.67 mg/100g). The result also showed that Total Soil Nitrogen (total-N) at KBG is categorized as low to very high (0.15 – 0.78 %) and soil pH levels around 5.2 to 6.3. Therefore, the soil fertility status at the Kuningan Botanical Garden can be categorized into low and medium soil fertility.
Development of peatland-friendly commodities to achieve sustainable forest management in Jambi Province
Authors: Fadillah A , Sundawati L , Hartoyo A P P , Rangkuti A B , Muryunika R , Pamungkas P , Siregar I Z
Published: July 2020

The peatland restoration program has been targeted by the Peatland Restoration Agency (BRG) of 2.4 million hectares from 2016 to 2020 including in Jambi Province. This program must be carried out collaboratively by involving various stakeholders (government, community, academic, NGO, and businessman). However, currently the clearing of peatland areas for oil palm plantations by slash and burn is very potential for forest fires. The paper aims to analyze the development of peatland-friendly commodities based on market expansion in Jambi province. The method used is a qualitative method based on surveys to analyze the socio-economic of community and peatland-friendly commodity market potential. Besides oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), seven other peatland-friendly commodities have the potential to be developed in Sinar Wajo Village, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, Jambi Province, namely: areca nut (Areca catechu), coconut (Cocos nucifera), liberica coffee (Coffea liberica), durian (Durio zibethinus), balangeran (Shorea balangeran), petai (Parkia speciosa), and jengkol (Archidendron pauciflorum). These potential commodities are obtained from the suitability of planting land, community’s perception, market and market surveys, and commodity supply chains. The development of peatland-friendly commodities based on market expansion provides alternative livelihoods for communities to increase their income and to achieve sustainable forest management.
Microplastics and the Impact of Plastic on Wildlife: A Literature Review
Authors: Susanti N K Y , Mardiastuti A , Wardiatno Y
Published: July 2020

Microplastics (size <5 mm) have become an international attention since they have been discovered in wildlife and human gastro-intestinal tract, and might harm health. The objective of this paper is to review microplastics and analyze its possible impact on wildlife and seabird. Seabirds are upper-trophic level predators in marine ecosystems, feed on zooplankton, fish, and squid. Microplastics in seabirds have been reported in many countries, including the USA, Canada, Brazil, Japan, China, the Netherlands, and North Pacific region, involving albatrosses, petrels, storm-petrels, fulmars, cormorants, shearwaters, penguins, and many other seabird species. Microplastics were accidentally ingested because of their resemblance to the fish, plankton, or from ingestion of microplastics that already occurred inside fish food. Types of microplastics were pellet, fragment, film, fiber, foamed plastic and styrofoam. Microplastics might decrease feeding stimuli by producing a false sense of fullness, causing the bird to stop eating, resulting in malnutrition and death. Other harmful impact on birds are interrupting nutrient absorption, disrupting reproductive problems, and hindered growth and survival of chicks. Study on microplastics in Indonesia is in progress, by using Little-black cormorant to represent seabirds.
Oil Spill in Pulau Rambut and its possible long-term impact on mangrove as waterbirds habitat
Authors: Mardiastuti Ani , Mulyani Yeni A. , Susanti Ni Kadek Y. , Ivonnie Regia N. , Oktavia Aurora C.
Published: July 2020

In July 2019, an oil spill incident in the northern West Java has reached Pulau Rambut, a Wildlife Sanctuary dedicated for waterbird in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. The objective of this paper was to record the number of mangrove trees exposed to the oil spill, and provide desk-study analysis of the possible long-term impact of the mangrove. Field visit were conducted on 19 and 22 August. Trees along waterways were examined, plots were stablished in the exposed and non-exposed area. The rhizophores of all trees (n=26) along waterways were covered by the sticky-melted crude-oil, while some leaves were also covered. In the exposed areas, 47 trees (63.51%) were covered by oil, either heavily or partially. For the younger trees, 43.08% poles, 78.74% saplings and 67.35% seedlings were oiled. Desk-study suggested that death of mangrove was not instant, up to one year after the incident for seedlings/sapling. Structural damage of mature trees happened in year-3. Trees and their ecosystem will stabilize in year-5, and recovery can be expected in year-9. As the trees are extremely important for waterbirds, a continuous monitoring of mangrove health need to be conducted to ensure that the waterbirds will not lose their nesting habitat in the future.
Livelihood adaptation patterns of sub villages community in the slope of Merapi Volcano
Authors: Umaya R , Hardjanto  , Soekmadi R , Sunito S
Published: July 2020

The dynamic eruption of Mount Merapi of Merapi National Park has partially changed the slope condition due to differences in the direction and scale of the eruption. National park boundary affecting the vary distance of the sub villages to the top of the mountain that influence to physical condition. This study examines the livelihood adaptation patterns of sub villages community in the slopes of Merapi. A mixed method between Geographic Information System and ethnography was used to explore the changes in physical and social conditions of the sub-villages. The study was conducted in 27 sub villages, interviewed 277 respondents and 62 key informants, field observations and study literatures. The results showed varied livelihood adaptation patterns, namely 1) the west-southwest, area most affected by pyroclastic flow (>20 times), the community have accumulated knowledge of eruption. Mining and Sallaca edulis plantation were the dominant livelihoods2) the south-southeast, area was severely affected by eruptions and largest eruption in the past 140 years. Variety of livelihoods including livestock, farming, tourism activities and mining. The 2010 eruption has changed the ecosystem and economic sources, resulting in the shift of a part livelihood from livestock farming to tourism services. and 3) the north-east, north area was exposed by pyroclastic flows twice, and east was never directly exposed. The vulnerability of ecosystem and economic sources were low, while accumulation of community’s knowledge has not changed over a long period of time. Livestock and farming were dominant, The communities have opportunity to develop complex and advanced agricultural systems. Nevertheless the physical conditions have led to underdeveloped livestock farming systems.
Comparison of species diversity of butterflies between burnt and unburnt land at various levels of post-burnt land age in Mount Ciremai National Park
Authors: Masy’ud B , Puteri A N , Ginoga L N
Published: July 2020

Forest fires occur almost every year in some locations in Indonesia, including in Mount Ciremai National Park (TNGC). Different age of land due to fire is believed to affect its biodiversity including the losses and gains of butterfly species. The study aims to estimate the diversity and composition of butterfly species and estimate the loss and gain of butterflies due to fire at different levels of post-burnt land age. The study was conducted on April 1st to May 21st, 2019 at three locations of burnt land with different ages (1, 2, and 4 years post-burnt). The Pollard Transect Method was used to estimate and analyze the species number of butterflies, the Margalef richness index, species diversity index, and species evenness index. The referential habitat as the basic approach was used to determine the losses and gains of butterfly species in each land. The results showed that there were 76 species of butterflies in all land, the highest index of Margalef was found on 2-year-old of burnt land, the highest index of diversity on 1-year-old of burnt land, and index of Evenness close to 1. The highest gains of diversity due to fire was found on 4-year-old of burnt land at 84.21% while the highest losses of diversity due to fire on 2-year-old of burnt land at 45.71%. In conclusion, there are differences in species diversity, losses, and gains of butterflies at various levels of post-burnt land age in Mount Ciremai National Park.
Ethnobotanical Study of Local Knowledge on Plant Used to Batten Materials Plants in Inner-Baduy Tribe, Indonesia
Authors: Fakhrurrozi O , Nisyawati N , Silalahi M
Published: July 2020

A study investigated the knowledge and utilization of building material plants in Inner-Baduy community. Data was collected from July to August 2019 by using ethnobotany approach through semi-structured interviews. Respondents consisted key informants and general respondents were interviewed in the three village of Inner-Baduy. A total of 20 genus and 21 species of plants distributed in 13 families were identified as commonly used house materials plants by Inner Baduy community for indigenous house. Documenting the batten materials plants and associated local knowledge can be used to conserve and sustain the utilization of batten materials plants in Inner-Baduy community.
Sustainable business potential survey at Desa Cileuksa of West Java, Indonesia using an ethnobiological approach
Authors: Hidayati S , Zuhud E A M , Vesma B , Agus F , Prabowo E D , Herlangga R E , Salimah W , Puspitasari P
Published: July 2020

Cileuksa is one of the developing villages in West Java- Indonesia, with local biological resources that have not been optimally promoted. To discover the business potential of existing resources at Desa Cileuksa, a survey of business potential was conducted. The survey involved 32 respondents (adult) from 14 hamlets. The activity was divided into 2 (two) phases, phase I is an activity carried out directly in the village of Cileuksa consisting of surveys of natural resource potentials using ethnobiological approach and surveys of the socio-economic potential of the community in business development in the village of Cileuksa and phase II was recommendations analysis using descriptive analysis. The results found seven potential local resource-based business groups that had already been developed and could become the main business of the villagers. There were several other potential business commodities that could be further developed in Desa Cileuksa such as padi (Oryza sativa), pisang (Musa paradisiaca), ayam kampung (Gallus gallus), manggis (Garcinia mangostana), durian (Durio zibethinus), domba (Ovis aries), cabai (Capsicum annuum), kerbau (Bubalus bubalis), kayu afrika (Maesopsis eminii), and jeunjing (Falcataria moluccana). Generally, Desa Cileuksa’s products were sold to middlemen, due to market certainty.
The Behaviour of Tourism Actors in Sembalun towards Hazards and Disasters in Gunung Rinjani National Park
Authors: Muntasib E K S H , Aulia L , Sunkar A
Published: July 2020

Mount Rinjani is the second-highest volcano that has caldera, craters, lakes, hot springs, savannahs, and other beauties. It is the most visited tourist destination in Lombok that visited by domestic and international tourists. Despite its beauty, the Mount Rinjani region is in a natural hazard area both hydrometeorological and geological disasters, so that it becomes a disaster-prone area. Considering the vital role of tourism actors in the continuity of safe tourism activities, the research about awareness of disaster-prone area is needed. The awareness is formed through perception, alertness attitudes, and preparedness behavior. This research aims to identify perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of tourism actors towards hazards and disasters. The method that we used in this research is an interview, field observation, and literature study. Perceptions of tourism actors towards hazards are generally classified in the moderate category, while perceptions of disasters are generally classified as good. The attitude of tourism actors towards hazards is generally classified in the moderate category, while the attitude towards disasters is classified in good categories for agencies and moderate for tourism actors. The behavior of tourism actors towards hazards is generally classified in the moderate category, and behavior towards disasters also is generally classified in the moderate category.
System Development for Land Cover and Deforestation Area Estimation due to Forest and Land Fires
Authors: Herlambang N W , Zaki W F , Sitanggang I S , Agmalaro M A
Published: July 2020

Forest and land fire is one of the causes of peatlands deforestation. Forest and land fire occurred at the beginning of land clearing activities for land conversion known as Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF). Spatio-temporal data mining technique can be used for estimation of deforested peatland area and its association with forest and land fire. The previous study has compared two classified Landsat 8 images in order to estimate the land cover change in Rokan Hilir district, Riau Province. This research aims to develop an application to automate peatland deforestation estimation due to the forest and land fire using the Shiny framework in R programming language. The data used are Landsat 8 images in 2014 and 2016 of Riau Province and MODIS burned area data product (MCD64A1) image in 2015 of Riau Province. The system was developed using Adaptive Software Development (ASD) method. The main features of the system are land cover area comparison and land cover changes due to forest and land fire calculation. The testing results show that both of the features are successfully implemented. With the automation system in estimating deforestation of peatlands due to forest and land fire, the proses of estimating deforestation levels in peatlands in relation to forest and land fire can easily be done.