bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer recurrence and survival rates in patients who underwent breast‐conserving surgery under non‐mechanically ventilated anesthesia
Authors: Kim Ryungsa , Kawai Ami , Wakisaka Megumi , Shimoyama Mika , Yasuda Naomi , Kin Takanori , Arihiro Koji
Published: June 2022

Background

Recurrence after primary treatment is an important obstacle to the curing of primary breast cancer. Less‐immunosuppressive anesthetic techniques, such as local anesthesia with lidocaine, intravenous anesthesia (IVA) with propofol, and/or sedation with midazolam under spontaneous breathing may reduce breast cancer recurrence compared with standard general anesthesia techniques such as IVA and inhalation anesthesia with opioids under mechanical ventilation.

Aim

The aim of this study was to analyze the factors involved in breast cancer recurrence in patients who underwent breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) under non‐mechanically ventilated anesthesia.

Methods

The study included 491 consecutive patients with stages 0–III breast cancer who underwent BCS/axillary lymph‐node management with local anesthesia and IVA and/or sedation under non‐mechanical ventilation between May 2008 and September 2021. Survival and recurrence were assessed by retrospective cohort analysis.

Results

The median follow‐up period was 2565 days (range, 28–4834 days). The overall and breast cancer–specific survival rates were 92.9% and 95.6%, respectively. Twenty‐one deaths, of which 11 were breast cancer–related, occurred. Disease recurred in 29 (5.9%) patients, of whom 15 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and 14 patients received adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy in 12 cases). The surgical procedure performed, but not other clinicopathological factors [recurrence site, P stage, tumor subtype, and disease‐free interval (DFI)], differed between the NAC and adjuvant therapy groups. The DFI tended to be shorter in the NAC group than in the adjuvant therapy group. The pathological therapeutic effect grade after NAC was 1 in 12 patients and ≥2 in 3 patients.

Conclusion

More than 50% (15/29) of patients with recurrence who underwent BCS were given NAC, but most patients did not respond to it. Similarly, adjuvant chemotherapy may not have contributed to the eradication of residual tumor cells after BCS. To reduce breast cancer recurrence in patients undergoing BCS, treatment strategies, especially for patients who do not respond to NAC or adjuvant chemotherapy, need to be developed. Non‐mechanical ventilation anesthesia may also affect the incidence of breast cancer recurrence.
Comparing the effects of grain weathering and presence of fungal communities on waxy and non‐waxy sorghum hybrids grown across Texas
Authors: Kent Mitchell A. , Prom Louis , Rooney William L
Published: June 2022

Grain weathering in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a persistent concern for producers in warm and humid climates. Further, grain sorghum genotypes are known to vary in their response to grain weathering; in some cases, this response is associated with a specific grain trait. For example, waxy endosperm sorghum is perceived to be more susceptible to grain weathering. This study herein compared waxy, heterozygous waxy, and non‐waxy sorghum hybrids grown in multiple environments for grain weathering susceptibility and characterization of the fungal communities on the grain. The traits used to evaluate grain weathering included first grain weathering rating (FGWR), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), initial germination (IG), and reduction in germination (RIG). Grain weathering intensity varied among the tested environments; increased weathering occurred with wetter conditions. In combined analyses, the environment accounted for more variation (70.2, 38.2, 39.9, and 81.1%) than did genotype (9.0, 26.9, 15.8, and 5.0%) for FGWR, AUDPC, IG, and RIG, respectively. In only one of the four environments were the waxy and heterozygous waxy hybrids statistically different from the non‐waxy genotypes. Ultimately, variation was more associated with genotypes than endosperm classes. Overall, Alternaria spp., Bipolaris spp., Fusarium semitectum, Curvularia spp., and Aspergillus niger were the most frequently observed pathogens across environments. Within an environment, the percent of different fungal pathogens remained relatively constant, but varied across environments. There was no clear distinction between either the level of grain weathering or the presence of a particular pathogen and endosperm type. The results indicate that grain sorghums with waxy endosperm are no more susceptible to grain weathering than those with normal, non‐waxy endosperm.
Toosendanin inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth through the Hedgehog pathway by targeting Shh
Authors: Zhang Meng , Tao Zhongyi , Gao Lijuan , Chen Fengyang , Ye Yiping , Xu Shifang , Huang Wenkang , Li Xiaoyu
Published: June 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. This complex and often fatal disease has a high mortality rate. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is crucial in CRC. Many studies have indicated that Shh is overexpressed in cancer stem cells (CSCs), and shh overexpression is positively correlated with CRC tumorigenesis. New drugs that kill CRC cells through the Hh pathway are needed. Toosendanin (TSN), a natural triterpenoid saponin extracted from the bark or fruit of Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc, can inhibit various tumors. Here, we investigated the effects of TSN in CRC and explored the possible targets and mechanisms. Shh‐Light Ⅱ cells were treated with TSN and tested by dual luciferase reporter assays to determine the relationship with the Hh pathway. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assays were used to test the inhibitory effects of TSN on CRC cells. The expression of Hh components after TSN treatment was detected using western blots and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cellular thermal shift assays confirmed the targets of TSN. The same effects of TSN on xenograft tumor growth were investigated in vivo. The average weight, volume of the finally resected tumor, and the expression of Shh in the TSN‐treated groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. This result strongly suggested that TSN administration inhibited CRC growth in vivo. Our research preliminarily demonstrated that the target of TSN was Shh and that TSN inhibits CRC cell growth by inhibiting the Hh pathway, identifying a new anticancer molecular mechanism of TSN in CRC.
Meta‐analysis suggests negative, but pCO2‐specific, effects of ocean acidification on the structural and functional properties of crustacean biomaterials
Authors: Siegel Kyle R. , Kaur Muskanjot , Grigal A. Calvin , Metzler Rebecca A. , Dickinson Gary H.
Published: June 2022

Crustaceans comprise an ecologically and morphologically diverse taxonomic group. They are typically considered resilient to many environmental perturbations found in marine and coastal environments, due to effective physiological regulation of ions and hemolymph pH, and a robust exoskeleton. Ocean acidification can affect the ability of marine calcifying organisms to build and maintain mineralized tissue and poses a threat for all marine calcifying taxa. Currently, there is no consensus on how ocean acidification will alter the ecologically relevant exoskeletal properties of crustaceans. Here, we present a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effects of ocean acidification on the crustacean exoskeleton, assessing both exoskeletal ion content (calcium and magnesium) and functional properties (biomechanical resistance and cuticle thickness). Our results suggest that the effect of ocean acidification on crustacean exoskeletal properties varies based upon seawater pCO2 and species identity, with significant levels of heterogeneity for all analyses. Calcium and magnesium content was significantly lower in animals held at pCO2 levels of 1500–1999 µatm as compared with those under ambient pCO2. At lower pCO2 levels, however, statistically significant relationships between changes in calcium and magnesium content within the same experiment were observed as follows: a negative relationship between calcium and magnesium content at pCO2 of 500–999 µatm and a positive relationship at 1000–1499 µatm. Exoskeleton biomechanics, such as resistance to deformation (microhardness) and shell strength, also significantly decreased under pCO2 regimes of 500–999 µatm and 1500–1999 µatm, indicating functional exoskeletal change coincident with decreases in calcification. Overall, these results suggest that the crustacean exoskeleton can be susceptible to ocean acidification at the biomechanical level, potentially predicated by changes in ion content, when exposed to high influxes of CO2. Future studies need to accommodate the high variability of crustacean responses to ocean acidification, and ecologically relevant ranges of pCO2 conditions, when designing experiments with conservation‐level endpoints.
Embedded Structure of Ni@PSi Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Methane
Authors: Suo Cong , Liu Yang , Zhang Xiao , Wang Haiyan , Chen Bingbing , Fang Jiancong , Zhang Zhenguo , Chen Ruoyu , Chen Rui , Shi Chuan
Published: June 2022

Embedding Ni nanoparticles (NPs) into supports has been widely accepted as one of solutions for Ni confinement. Herein, we have adopted a method of preparing well‐confined Ni NPs by precisely adjusting the reduction temperature of nickel contained phyllosilicates (PSi) materials to obtain Ni@PSi catalysts. H2 reduction at 600 °C for Ni‐PSi precursor was optimized to build the embedded structure with uniform Ni NPs (ca. 3.0 nm) incorporated into the well‐maintained PSi structure. Such structure not only endowed the highest reaction rate for steam reforming of methane (SRM), but kept the stability well under the harsh reaction conditions of SRM. Either too high (850 °C) or too low (400 °C) reduction temperature which could not form such embedded structure led to a quick deactivation due to obvious sintering of Ni and coke deposition. The present study provides a more effective way of keeping Ni NPs from sintering in SRM.
The Coordination and Catalytic Chemistry of Phosphanylferrocene Chalcogenides
Authors: Štěpnička Petr , Horký Filip
Published: June 2022

Phosphanylferrocene chalcogenides remain long overshadowed by their more common and very successful phosphane counterparts. However, they also exhibit unique coordination behavior, which differs from that of the parent phosphanes due to changed donor and steric properties, and exert favorable catalytic properties. This review attempts to showcase the chemistry of phosphanylferrocene chalcogenides with particular emphasis on their applications in coordination chemistry and catalysis. Attention is also paid to the corresponding mixed‐donor phosphane‐phosphane chalcogenide ligands, which can serve as genuine examples of versatile hybrid donors with rich coordination chemistry and attractive use in catalysis.
Compare with different vegetable oils on the quality of the Nemipterus virgatus surimi gel
Authors: Song Chunyong , Lin Yufeng , Hong Pengzhi , Liu Huanming , Zhou Chunxia
Published: June 2022

To enhance the quality and flavor of surimi‐based products, we investigated the effects of vegetable oils (peanut, soybean, corn, coconut, olive, and safflower seed oils) on the texture, water‐holding capacity (WHC), microstructure, and flavor of the Nemipterus virgatus surimi gel. The results showed that 6 kinds of vegetable oils could improve the whiteness and flavor of gels. However, peanut, olive, and coconut oils enriching oleic acid or lauric acid were easy to accumulate with an average diameter of more than 0.15 μm. Thus, the gel with the oil showed a loose network structures with large cavities, and the texture was deteriorated, accompanied by decreased WHC (p < .05). Compared with other vegetable oils, soybean, corn and safflower seed oils enriching linoleic acid were emulsified with protein forming a stable interfacial protein film. The gel with the oil showed an increase in the WHC and bound water content. Furthermore, the oil droplets with an average diameter of less than 0.15 μm were evenly distributed in the gel matrix, and the gel exhibited dense network structures with small cavities and smooth surface. In general, soybean and safflower seed oils can be used as a potential additive to improve the quality and flavor of surimi‐based products.
Identifying strategies for facilitating physical activity among older adults: A behaviour change wheel ‘retrofit’ driven analysis of Victorian local government policy
Authors: Butson Michael , Jeanes Ruth
Published: June 2022

Issue addressed

The significance of physical activity (PA) for the health and wellbeing of older adults is well documented. Local government (LG) publish PA policy and interventions to encourage and improve older adult PA participation. However, LG documents have rarely been studied to examine the extent to which LG incorporates evidence‐based strategies into the development of older adult PA policy.

Methods

The behaviour change wheel (BCW) ‘retrofitting’ approach was used to identify and explain available evidence‐based PA policies and interventions across 10 Victorian LGs. A document analysis was completed using LG policy and involved elements of content analysis and thematic analysis.

Results

The analysis found 41 documents that included policy and interventions to encourage and improve PA among older adults. Some of the more popular BCW combinations included service provision and enablement and environmental/social planning, and environmental restructuring. In addition, LGs embrace modifying the built environment and creating partnerships. However, our results suggest that some are not considering modelling or incentives to increase PA.

Conclusions

According to the BCWs, Acceptability, Practicability, Effectiveness, Affordability, Side‐effects, and Equity (APEASE) criteria, it is not feasible for Victorian LGs to be including all intervention functions and supporting policy functions. However, contemporary older adult PA intervention literature suggests LGs could benefit from including incentives and modelling into current PA policy.

So what?

This research is one of the first to identify and explain how Victorian LGs facilitate PA participation among older adults. This research will guide Victorian LGs when drafting and implementing PA policy in the future.
Safety evaluation of fixed‐dose nivolumab in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Iikura Yusuke , Aoyama Takeshi , Hiraide Makoto , Wakatsuki Takeru , Nakayama Izuma , Ogura Mariko , Ooki Akira , Takahari Daisuke , Chin Keisho , Yamaguchi Kensei , Hama Toshihiro
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims

This study aimed to examine the safety of fixed‐dose nivolumab.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 113 Japanese patients with gastric cancer who were previously treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy and initiated nivolumab. The endpoints were the incidence of Grade 2 or higher immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) in the conventional dose (3 mg/kg) and fixed‐dose groups (240 mg).

Results

The incidence rates of irAEs in the conventional‐dose and fixed‐dose groups were 29.9% and 19.4%, respectively, and the rates of Grade 2 or higher irAEs were 23.3% and 19.4%, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups, suggesting that nivolumab at 240 mg is as safe as the 3 mg/kg dose.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the safety of nivolumab at 240 mg in Japanese patients.
The oral microbiome and breast cancer and nonmalignant breast disease, and its relationship with the fecal microbiome in the Ghana Breast Health Study
Authors: Wu Zeni , Byrd Doratha A. , Wan Yunhu , Ansong Daniel , Clegg‐Lamptey Joe‐Nat , Wiafe‐Addai Beatrice , Edusei Lawrence , Adjei Ernest , Titiloye Nicholas , Dedey Florence , Aitpillah Francis , Oppong Joseph , Vanderpuye Verna , Osei‐Bonsu Ernest , Dagnall Casey L. , Jones Kristine , Hutchinson Amy , Hicks Belynda D. , Ahearn Thomas U. , Shi Jianxin , Knight Rob , Biritwum Richard , Yarney Joel , Wiafe Seth , Awuah Baffour , Nyarko Kofi , Figueroa Jonine D. , Sinha Rashmi , Garcia‐Closas Montserrat , Brinton Louise A. , Vogtmann Emily
Published: June 2022

The oral microbiome, like the fecal microbiome, may be related to breast cancer risk. Therefore, we investigated whether the oral microbiome was associated with breast cancer and nonmalignant breast disease, and its relationship with the fecal microbiome in a case‐control study in Ghana. A total of 881 women were included (369 breast cancers, 93 nonmalignant cases and 419 population‐based controls). The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced from oral and fecal samples. Alpha‐diversity (observed amplicon sequence variants [ASVs], Shannon index and Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity) and beta‐diversity (Bray‐Curtis, Jaccard and weighted and unweighted UniFrac) metrics were computed. MiRKAT and logistic regression models were used to investigate the case‐control associations. Oral sample alpha‐diversity was inversely associated with breast cancer and nonmalignant breast disease with odds ratios (95% CIs) per every 10 observed ASVs of 0.86 (0.83‐0.89) and 0.79 (0.73‐0.85), respectively, compared to controls. Beta‐diversity was also associated with breast cancer and nonmalignant breast disease compared to controls (P ≤ .001). The relative abundances of Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium were lower for breast cancer cases compared to controls. Alpha‐diversity and presence/relative abundance of specific genera from the oral and fecal microbiome were strongly correlated among breast cancer cases, but weakly correlated among controls. Particularly, the relative abundance of oral Porphyromonas was strongly, inversely correlated with fecal Bacteroides among breast cancer cases (r = −.37, P ≤ .001). Many oral microbial metrics were strongly associated with breast cancer and nonmalignant breast disease, and strongly correlated with fecal microbiome among breast cancer cases, but not controls.
Shared environment and colorectal cancer: A Nordic pedigree registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Elmahdi Rahma , Wennerström Elna C. M. , Andersson Mikael , Wohlfahrt Jan , Melbye Mads , Pukkala Eero , Hortlund Maria , Silander Kaisa , Sutinen Kyösti , Jess Tine , Dillner Joakim
Published: June 2022

Risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) increases in relatives of patients with CRC. The extent to which this is attributable to genetic predisposition or shared environment is unclear. We explored this question using nationwide cohorts from Denmark, Finland and Sweden. From 1977 to 2013, we identified 359 879 individuals with a CRC diagnosis and 2 258 870 of their relatives who we followed for CRC incidence. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for CRC in individuals with an affected relative. We used nationwide household and pedigree data along with national SIR estimates to calculate risk ratios (RR) for the contribution of shared household environment, childhood environment and genetic relationship to CRC risk in those with an affected relative. SIR of CRC was increased for individuals with an affected relative, across all countries and ages. For those with an affected parent, the SIR was 1.65 (95% CI: 1.61‐1.69), 1.98 (95% CI: 1.87‐2.09), for those with an affected sibling and 2.14 (95% CI: 1.84‐2.49) for those with an affected halfsibling. In those <65 years old, shared childhood (RR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.26‐1.57) and household (RR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.25‐3.46) environments were significantly greater contributors to familial risk of CRC than genetics (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.53‐1.46). This large‐scale Nordic population‐based study of excess risk of CRC among relatives of those with CRC addresses the difficult disentangling of shared environment from genetic predisposition in the heritability of CRC. We found shared environment to be the most important contributor to CRC risk.
Understanding burnout. Part 1: veterinary‐specific factors, progression and consequences
Authors: Sorrell Stephanie
Published: June 2022

Burnout is an occupational phenomenon resulting from chronic workplace stress. This article, the first in a two‐part series on the topic, discusses how to distinguish burnout from other conditions, the stages involved and the consequences of burnout. The second article, to be published in a subsequent issue, will highlight the risk factors that point towards the syndrome and how to assess, prevent and address the condition.
Encoder–decoder neural networks for predicting future FTIR spectra – application to enzymatic protein hydrolysis
Authors: Kuchta Miroslav , Wubshet Sileshi Gizachew , Afseth Nils Kristian , Mardal Kent‐André , Liland Kristian Hovde
Published: June 2022

In the process of converting food‐processing by‐products to value‐added ingredients, fine grained control of the raw materials, enzymes and process conditions ensures the best possible yield and economic return. However, when raw material batches lack good characterization and contain high batch variation, online or at‐line monitoring of the enzymatic reactions would be beneficial. We investigate the potential of deep neural networks in predicting the future state of enzymatic hydrolysis as described by Fourier‐transform infrared spectra of the hydrolysates. Combined with predictions of average molecular weight, this provides a flexible and transparent tool for process monitoring and control, enabling proactive adaption of process parameters.
Inside Cover
Authors: Luo Hongbo , Li Shuying , Zeng Yifeng , Cheema Hassam , Otegbeye Ebunoluwa , Ahmed Safee , Chapman William C. , Mutch Matthew , Zhou Chao , Zhu Quing
Published: June 2022

We describe a miniaturized optical coherence tomography (OCT) catheter and a residual neural network (ResNet)‐based deep learning model to perform human colorectal tissue classification. An area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.975 is achieved to distinguish between normal and cancerous colorectal tissue images.

Further details can be found in the article by Hongbo Luo, Shuying Li, Yifeng Zeng, Hassam Cheema, Ebunoluwa Otegbeye, Safee Ahmed, William C. Chapman Jr, Matthew Mutch, Chao Zhou, and Quing Zhu (e202100349)

image
Exploration of plant growth‐promoting endophytic bacteria from Pisum sativum and Cicer arietinum from South–West Haryana
Authors: Maheshwari Rajat , Kumar Pradeep , Bhutani Namita , Suneja Pooja
Published: June 2022

In the present study, nonrhizobial endophytes were isolated from Pisum sativum and Cicer arietinum from Haryana, India. A total of 355 bacterial endophytes were screened for plant growth promoting traits. Out of all, 96 bacterial endophytes were selected based on morphological characters and multi‐PGP traits, and their diversity analyzed by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. Based on their ARDRA profile, the 25 representative isolates (12 from P. sativum and 13 from C. arietinum), were selected and identified by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Genetic relatedness based on BLAST analysis revealed the similarity of these isolates with members of three prominent phyla, that is, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. The dominant cluster, Firmicutes, constituted 60% of the isolates, assigned to four different genera, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Ornithinibacillus, and Lysinibacillus. Phylum α‐proteobacteria included two genera, namely Paenochrobactrum and Ochrobactrum and three genera in phylum γ‐proteobacteria, namely Pseudomonas, Pantoea and Proteus. The phylum Actinobacteria was constituted of two genera, Microbacterium and Arthrobacter. Bacillus zhangzhouensis, Bacillus safensis, Arthrobacter enclensis from P. sativum and Bacillus haynesii, Paenochrobactrum sp. from C. arietinum are documented as plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria for the first time in the present study. The in vitro and in vivo assessment based on bonitur score revealed that the endophytic isolates Bacillus mojavensis PRN2, Pseudomonas chlororaphis PHN9, B. safensis PRER2, Pseudomonas sp. RCP1, Pseudomonas lini PRN1 and B. haynensii RCP3 from P. sativum and C. arietinum significantly enhanced the plant growth parameters. Therefore, these potential isolates can be further harnessed for preparation of bioformulations to enhance sustainable agriculture.
Bacteriostatic effects of phage F23s1 and its endolysin on Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Xia Hai , Yang Houji , Yan Na , Hou Wenfu , Wang Huajuan , Wang Xiaohong , Wang Hongxun , Zhou Min
Published: June 2022

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common foodborne pathogenic bacterium and drug‐resistant strains are now widespread. Phages led by drug‐resistant V. parahaemolyticus strains are promising means to decrease the pressure on public health. We isolated a V. parahaemolyticus‐specific bacteriophage F23s1 that was active at wide ranges of temperature (30–60°C) and pH (4–10). Phage F23s1 exhibited a specific host range; in that, only 13 of the 23 V. parahaemolyticus strains were lysed. F23s1 effectively inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus strain F23 in shrimp at 25°C within 12 h at a multiplicity of infection of 1000. We sequenced the genome of phage F23s1 which comprised a 76,648‐bp DNA with 105 open reading frames (ORFs) and identified an endolysin gene ORF52 that was then cloned and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant ORF52 protein significantly decreased OD600 nm of V. parahaemolyticus F23 from 0.978 to 0.249 when used at 20 µmol/L within 60 min. The endolysin also showed lytic activity against a panel of 23 drug‐resistant V. parahaemolyticus and 12 Salmonella strains with a higher lytic ability for V. parahaemolyticus. The phage F23s1 and its endolysin will be useful for preventing and controlling V. parahaemolyticus in food safety.
High‐speed identification system for fresh tea leaves based on phenotypic characteristics utilizing an improved genetic algorithm
Authors: Gan Ning , Sun Mufang , Lu Chengye , Li Menghui , Wang Yujie , Song Yan , Ning Jing‐Ming , Zhang Zheng‐Zhu
Published: June 2022

Background

High‐quality tea requires leaves of similar size and tenderness. The grade of the fresh leaves determines the quality of the tea. The automated classification of fresh tea leaves improves resource utilization and reduces manual picking costs. The present study proposes a method based on an improved genetic algorithm for identifying fresh tea leaves in high‐speed parabolic motion using the phenotypic characteristics of the leaves. During parabolic flight, light is transmitted through the tea leaves, and six types of fresh tea leaves can be quickly identified by a camera.

Results

The influence of combinations of morphology, color, and custom corner‐point morphological features on the classification results were investigated, and the necessary dimensionality of the model was tested. After feature selection and combination, the classification performance of the Naive Bayes, k‐nearest neighbor, and support vector machine algorithms were compared. The recognition time of Naive Bayes was the shortest, whereas the accuracy of support vector machine had the best classification accuracy at approximately 97%. The support vector machine algorithm with only three feature dimensions (equivalent diameter, circularity, and skeleton endpoints) can meet production requirements with an accuracy rate reaching 92.5%. The proposed algorithm was tested by using the Swedish leaf and Flavia data sets, on which it achieved accuracies of 99.57% and 99.44%, respectively, demonstrating the flexibility and efficiency of the recognition scheme detailed in the present study.

Conclusion

This research provides an efficient tea leaves recognition system that can be applied to production lines to reduce manual picking costs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of agriculture intensification on forest degradation and tree carbon stock; promoting multi‐criteria optimization for restoration in Central India
Authors: Shukla Jayshree , Dhyani Shalini , Pujari Paras , Mishra Ashutosh , Verma Parikshit
Published: June 2022

Forest conservation entails both halting destruction and protecting the state of the forest's vegetation. Monitoring forest cover and restoring degraded forests are critical ecological aspects for India's forestry sector's long‐term growth. Cropland expansion and intensification are the primary approaches for increasing agricultural productivity in response to increased biomass demand, but they are also major drivers of biodiversity loss. We evaluated the ecosystem carbon (C) stock and sequestration potential for dry deciduous forests while assessing the drivers of forest degradation in Central India to advance scientific knowledge and minimize the anthropogenic C emissions from prevalent agriculture intensification in the region. A multi‐criteria optimization approach was used to identify the priority areas forrestoration and quantify the magnitude of drivers of biodiversity loss in the region by investigating the links between forest carbon stock, agriculture intensification, and altering forest structure at various degrees of forest disturbance. The total existing carbon stock of trees in study area during March 2020, was 199.12 Mg C ha−1. Overall carbon stock of these forests showed a significant correlation with disturbance levels (r = 0.50). Changes in vegetation especially to intensive agriculture practices have resulted in loss of carbon stocks and will cause large‐scale forest decline if not addressed immediately. Considering the rapid loss of forests in situation where India has to fulfill Nationally Determined Contributions to UNFCCC, Forest Landscape Restoration becomes priority and needs specialized efforts with enhanced funding to reduce and halt loss of forests.
Toward advancing theory on creativity in marketing and artificial intelligence
Authors: Ameen Nisreen , Sharma Gagan Deep , Tarba Shlomo , Rao Amar , Chopra Ritika
Published: June 2022

Creativity has been identified as the future of marketing; at the same time, artificial intelligence (AI) is enabling more automation in this field. The theories and frameworks in the literature have not yet sufficiently explained the impact of AI on creativity in marketing. Hence, this research aims to advance theories on creativity in marketing and AI by conducting a comprehensive review of the literature. Our review covers 156 papers published between 1990 and 2021, compiled on the basis of the Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews (SPAR‐4‐SLR) protocol and the theory–context–characteristics–methodology framework. We advance theory in the field by proposing a new organizing framework to guide the integration of the identified themes and synthesize the antecedents, dimensions, and outcomes of creativity in marketing and AI. Furthermore, to assist academics and practitioners we propose a typology of the key skills required for creativity in marketing and the impact of specific AI capabilities on these skills. This article serves as a foundation for researchers by providing a holistic understanding of the integration of AI into creativity in marketing.
Patients with BD‐I experiences explored from doctors' views
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2022

Patients with bipolar I disorder who already face challenges with their treatment and side effects also report feelings of isolation and being alone, along with embarrassment about their illness, according to a recent poll of health care professionals who offered their perspectives on treating patients with this disorder.
Historical behavior for a class of Lotka–Volterra systems
Authors: Jamilov Uygun , Mukhamedov Farrukh
Published: June 2022

It is well‐known that discrete‐time Kolmogorov systems play important role in studying predator‐prey models with interactions. A topic of this paper deals with stochastic discrete‐time Kolmogorov systems which are called Lotka–Volterra operators. In the present paper, we provide a new class of LV operators, and establish that each of operator from this class has historical behavior, that is, their time averages diverge.
Variable diameter T‐shaped cell‐based photoacoustic sensor for trace gas detection
Authors: Zha Shenlong , Li Lingli , Zhang Qilei , Ma Hongliang , Zhan Shengbao , Li Yuanyuan , Zha Changli
Published: June 2022

A compact photoacoustic gas sensor based on variable diameter T‐shaped cell for trace gas detection was developed. The acoustic pressure distribution in the variable diameter T‐shaped cell and conventional T‐shaped photoacoustic cell with the same size were simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics software, which indicated that at the first resonance frequency, the acoustic pressure at the end of the resonance tube of the designed photoacoustic cell is significantly stronger than that at the same position of the conventional T‐shaped cell. The performance of the sensor based on the variable diameter T‐shaped and conventional one were evaluated by detection of water vapor in atmospheric environment, the comparison shows that the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the variable diameter T‐shaped cell is about 1.6 times greater than that of the conventional one and a detection limit of 6.4 ppmv for water vapor detection was obtained.
A compact dual‐band coupled‐microstrip‐slotline coupler with arbitrary power division ratios
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhu Fang
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a novel dual‐band coupler with arbitrary power division ratios using coupled‐microstrip‐slotlines (CMSLs) is proposed. It consists of only four CMSL sections and occupies a small circuit area due to the centric arrangement of the excitation ports. Different from the microstrip implemented edge‐coupled‐line, the odd and even modes of the CMSL are physically separated, this feature enables the compensation of their phase velocities, facilitates the control of their characteristic impedances, and reduces the design complexity of the dual‐band coupler. Explicit design formula for the proposed coupler is developed. To verify the proposed concept, a dual‐band CMSL coupler with an unequal power division ratio is designed and characterized.
Improved signal‐to‐noise performance of MultiNet GRAPPA 1H FID MRSI reconstruction with semi‐synthetic calibration data
Authors: Chan Kimberly L. , Ziegs Theresia , Henning Anke
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To further develop MultiNet GRAPPA, a neural‐network‐based reconstruction, for lower SNR proton MRSI (1H MRSI) data using adapted undersampling schemes and improved training sets.

Methods

1H FID‐MRSI data and an anatomical image for GRAPPA reconstruction were acquired in two slices in the human brain (n = 6) at 7T. MRSI data were retrospectively undersampled for a 4×, 6×, and 7× acceleration rate. Signal‐to‐noise, relative error (RE) between accelerated and fully sampled metabolic maps, RMS of the lipid artifacts, and fitting reliability were compared across acceleration rates, to the fully sampled data, and with different kinds and amounts of training images.

Results

Training with semi‐synthetic images resulted in higher SNR and lower lipid RMS relative to training with acquired images from one or several subjects. SNR increased with the number of semi‐synthetic training images and the 4× accelerated data retains ∼30% more SNR than other accelerated data. Spectra reconstructed with 20 semi‐synthetic averages retained ∼100% more SNR and had ∼5% lower lipid RMS than those reconstructed with the center k‐space points of one image as was originally proposed for very high SNR MRSI data and had higher fitting reliability. The metabolite RE was lowest when training with 20‐semi‐synthetic training images and highest when training with the center k‐space points of one image.

Conclusion

MultiNet GRAPPA is feasible with lower SNR 1H MRSI data if 20‐semi‐synthetic training images are used at a 4× acceleration rate. This acceleration rate provided the best trade‐off between scan time and spectral SNR.
Metabolic activity diffusion imaging (MADI): I. Metabolic, cytometric modeling and simulations
Authors: Springer Charles S. , Baker Eric M. , Li Xin , Moloney Brendan , Wilson Gregory J. , Pike Martin M. , Barbara Thomas M. , Rooney William D. , Maki Jeffrey H.
Published: June 2022

Evidence mounts that the steady‐state cellular water efflux (unidirectional) first‐order rate constant (kio [s−1]) magnitude reflects the ongoing, cellular metabolic rate of the cytolemmal Na+, K+‐ATPase (NKA), cMRNKA (pmol [ATP consumed by NKA]/s/cell), perhaps biology's most vital enzyme. Optimal 1H2O MR kio determinations require paramagnetic contrast agents (CAs) in model systems. However, results suggest that the homeostatic metabolic kio biomarker magnitude in vivo is often too large to be reached with allowable or possible CA living tissue distributions. Thus, we seek a noninvasive (CA‐free) method to determine kio in vivo. Because membrane water permeability has long been considered important in tissue water diffusion, we turn to the well‐known diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) modality. To analyze the diffusion tensor magnitude, we use a parsimoniously primitive model featuring Monte Carlo simulations of water diffusion in virtual ensembles comprising water‐filled and ‐immersed randomly sized/shaped contracted Voronoi cells. We find this requires two additional, cytometric properties: the mean cell volume (V [pL]) and the cell number density (ρ [cells/μL]), important biomarkers in their own right. We call this approach metabolic activity diffusion imaging (MADI).

We simulate water molecule displacements and transverse MR signal decays covering the entirety of b‐space from pure water (ρ = V = 0; kio undefined; diffusion coefficient, D0) to zero diffusion. The MADI model confirms that, in compartmented spaces with semipermeable boundaries, diffusion cannot be described as Gaussian: the nanoscopic D (Dn) is diffusion time‐dependent, a manifestation of the “diffusion dispersion”. When the “well‐mixed” (steady‐state) condition is reached, diffusion becomes limited, mainly by the probabilities of (1) encountering (ρ, V), and (2) permeating (kio) cytoplasmic membranes, and less so by Dn magnitudes. Importantly, for spaces with large area/volume (A/V; claustrophobia) ratios, this can happen in less than a millisecond. The model matches literature experimental data well, with implications for DWI interpretations.
Metabolic activity diffusion imaging (MADI): II. Noninvasive, high‐resolution human brain mapping of sodium pump flux and cell metrics
Authors: Springer Charles S. , Baker Eric M. , Li Xin , Moloney Brendan , Pike Martin M. , Wilson Gregory J. , Anderson Valerie C. , Sammi Manoj K. , Garzotto Mark G. , Kopp Ryan P. , Coakley Fergus V. , Rooney William D. , Maki Jeffrey H.
Published: June 2022

We introduce a new 1H2O magnetic resonance approach: metabolic activity diffusion imaging (MADI). Numerical diffusion‐weighted imaging decay simulations characterized by the mean cellular water efflux (unidirectional) rate constant (kio), mean cell volume (V), and cell number density (ρ) are produced from Monte Carlo random walks in virtual stochastically sized/shaped cell ensembles. Because of active steady‐state trans‐membrane water cycling (AWC), kio reflects the cytolemmal Na+, K+ATPase (NKA) homeostatic cellular metabolic rate (cMRNKA). A digital 3D “library” contains thousands of simulated single diffusion‐encoded (SDE) decays. Library entries match well with disparate, animal, and human experimental SDE decays. The V and ρ values are consistent with estimates from pertinent in vitro cytometric and ex vivo histopathological literature: in vivo V and ρ values were previously unavailable.

The library allows noniterative pixel‐by‐pixel experimental SDE decay library matchings that can be used to advantage. They yield proof‐of‐concept MADI parametric mappings of the awake, resting human brain. These reflect the tissue morphology seen in conventional MRI. While V is larger in gray matter (GM) than in white matter (WM), the reverse is true for ρ. Many brain structures have kio values too large for current, invasive methods. For example, the median WM kio is 22s−1; likely reflecting mostly exchange within myelin. The kio•V product map displays brain tissue cMRNKA variation. The GM activity correlates, quantitatively and qualitatively, with the analogous resting‐state brain 18FDG‐PET tissue glucose consumption rate (tMRglucose) map; but noninvasively, with higher spatial resolution, and no pharmacokinetic requirement. The cortex, thalamus, putamen, and caudate exhibit elevated metabolic activity. MADI accuracy and precision are assessed. The results are contextualized with literature overall homeostatic brain glucose consumption and ATP production/consumption measures. The MADI/PET results suggest different GM and WM metabolic pathways. Preliminary human prostate results are also presented.
Chickens consumed in early modern samurai residences: A study of bird remains from the Ichigaya Honmura‐cho site, Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Hsu Kai‐hsuan , Yamane Yoko , Eda Masaki
Published: June 2022

Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is thought to have been introduced in Japan during the Yayoi period (5th century BC to 3rd century AD). However, according to historical documents and archeological materials, chickens were not commonly consumed as food until the early modern period. Many remains identified as chicken have been recovered from the archeological sites located in Edo, early modern Tokyo; however, the consumption pattern of chickens, such as age profile and sex ratio of consumed birds, has seldom been analyzed. To clarify how chicken consumption became popular in early modern Japan, we analyzed the bird assemblage from the Ichigaya Honmura‐cho site, mainly inhabited by samurai people between the 17th and 19th centuries. Our results revealed that chickens had been consumed at the site since the 17th century but chicken consumption as food might have increased and become more frequent after the 19th century. Moreover, it can be suggested that the chickens targeted for consumption were not limited to immature and female individuals, as it is in modern Japan.
Resistivity and Tunnel Magnetoresistance in Double‐Perovskite Strontium Ferromolybdate Ceramics
Authors: Suchaneck Gunnar , Artiukh Evgenii , Gerlach Gerald
Published: June 2022

The low‐field magnetoresistance properties in double‐perovskite strontium ferromolybdate core–shell structures arise from spin‐dependent tunneling through a barrier formed by the shell. It is strongly dependent on synthesis conditions. In this work, first, the resistivity behavior of granular strontium ferromolybdate ceramics comprising intergrain tunnel barriers is reviewed. Based on this generalization, the modification of the tunneling process with barrier thickness and interface conditions is demonstrated. For the first time, equations for the magnetoresistance in each special case are derived.
Structure of bivariate Rayleigh proportional hazard rate model with its associated copula applied on COVID‐19 data
Authors: Hassanein Wafaa Anwar Abd El‐Latif , Seyam Marwa Moghazy Attia
Published: June 2022

Visualizing the fatality of coronavirus is a very tricky point through the world. In this paper, a new construction via the proportional hazard rate model with Rayleigh marginal is introduced and applied on COVID‐19 data set. The statistical and reliability characteristics of bivariate Rayleigh proportional hazard (BRPH) distribution are derived. The copula dependence structure and its properties are studied. The point estimation of the marginal and dependence parameters is introduced via maximum likelihood, method of moments, and inference function for margins (IFM) method. A simulation study is carried out to examine the effectiveness and the performance of the parameter estimates. Finally, an application on COVID‐19 data is used in a comparison study between BRPH model and other constructed bivariate models. This application concerned with modeling the fatality on COVID‐19. Throughout the results of goodness‐of‐fit criteria, BRPH provides a better fit than different competitors constructed bivariate models which reflects its flexibility and applicability on modeling the fatality of COVID‐19.
Selective maintenance of multi‐state systems with the repairperson fatigue effect and stochastic break duration
Authors: Liu Lujie , Xiao Yiyong , Yang Jun , Ding Yaonan
Published: June 2022

Systems in the industry are often required to execute a sequence of missions, and the state of the multi‐state systems may deteriorate with the increasing of running time. To improve the system reliability of the next mission, selective maintenance is applied in the limited break. Due to the fatigue effect, the work rate of the repairperson decays with time. However, the existing selective maintenance studies do not consider the impact of fatigue effect on work rate, which leads to underestimating the duration of maintenance actions and overestimating the system reliability. To overcome the above problems, a new selective maintenance model for multi‐state systems is developed to maximize the system reliability of the next mission. First, the decay process of the work rate of a repairperson is described as a piecewise continuous decreasing exponential function of working time. Next, a homogenous discrete‐state continuous‐time Markov process is used to describe the performance capacity degradation of components. Considering the stochastic break duration, based on the state probability distribution of each component obtained by the Markov model, the universal generation function (UGF) method is applied to evaluate the multi‐state system reliability. Then, taking the selected maintenance actions and maintenance priority as decision variables, the resulting selective maintenance optimization problem is solved by a tailored genetic algorithm. Finally, two computational experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale (pss‐10) with breast cancer patients
Authors: Soria‐Reyes Lorena M. , Cerezo M. Victoria , Alarcón Rafael , Blanca María J.
Published: June 2022

Breast cancer diagnosis is one of the most difficult events that a woman can experience during her life and it usually produces high levels of stress. Global measures of perceived stress are useful for screening and for comparing stress levels between cancer patients and other clinical and nonclinical populations. One such instrument that is widely used is the Perceived Stress Scale (pss‐10), but its psychometric properties have scarcely been analysed with breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to provide validity evidence regarding the use of the 10‐item version of the pss‐10 as a tool for measuring perceived stress in this context. Participants were 215 Spanish breast cancer patients who completed the PSS‐10 and the DASS‐21, a measure of affective distress (depression, anxiety, and stress). The internal structure of the PSS‐10 was examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the reliability of test scores was estimated using McDonald's omega coefficient. Validity evidence based on relationships with other variables was also obtained using correlation analysis. The CFA supported a correlated two‐factor structure: perceived helplessness (six negatively worded items) and perceived self‐efficacy (four positively worded items). Reliability coefficients for scores on these two factors were 0.87 and 0.73, respectively. Scores on affective distress (DASS‐21) were strongly and positively correlated with perceived helplessness and moderately and negatively correlated with perceived self‐efficacy. The PSS‐10 is an adequate tool for measuring perceived stress in the breast cancer context and it may be useful for identifying women at risk of psychological maladjustment.