bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
W‐shaped diastolic Doppler waveform in the hepatic artery of a patient with acute rejection after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Sugimoto Hiroyuki , Kiuchi Tetsuya , Nakao Akimasa
Published: May 2007

Waveform analysis of arterial Doppler sonography signals is widely used in clinical practice. A characteristic, W‐shaped diastolic waveform has been reported in the renal artery of renal transplant recipients in cases of renal vein thrombosis or severe acute rejection. Although Doppler sonography is widely used for the evaluation of liver transplants, we found no report of this waveform in cases of outflow block or severe acute rejection. We report the case of a patient with an adult living‐donor liver transplant in whom the W‐shaped sign occurred during severe acute rejection with massive liver parenchyma destruction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Optimal crown–rump length for measuring the nuchal translucency
Authors: Wax Joseph R. , Pinette Michael G. , Cartin Angelina , Blackstone Jacquelyn
Published: May 2007

Purpose.

To determine the optimal crown–rump length (CRL) for obtaining nuchal translucency (NT) measurements.

Methods.

Women undergoing NT measurements by NT‐certified sonographers within a combined screening program over an 18‐month period were included in the study if they had a living fetus with a CRL of 45–84 mm. NT measurement success and screen‐positive rates, transvaginal sonography (TVUS) use, and reasons for failed NT measurements were compared in 3 groups by CRL corresponding to 11‐0/7 to 11‐6/7 weeks (45–54 mm), 12‐0/7 to 12‐6/7 weeks (55–66 mm), and 13‐0/7 to 13‐6/7 weeks (67–84 mm).

Results.

Eight hundred thirty‐seven women aged 34.9 ± 4.9 years underwent 1 to 3 NT measurements at a mean CRL of 59.8 ± 25.0 mm. NT measurements were more successful at 11 and 12 weeks (81.8% and 84.4%) than at 13 weeks (66.9%) (p < 0.001). Screen‐positive and TVUS rates, and reasons for failed NT measurements did not vary by CRL.

Conclusion.

NT measurements are most successful at CRL 45–66 mm corresponding to sonographically determined gestational ages of 11‐0/7 to 12‐6/7 weeks. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Did Géricault's “Madwoman Obsessed With Gambling” have Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Healy Daniel G.
Published: May 2007

Gericault's 1822 historical depiction of this madwoman with gambling mania was one of ten paintings commissioned by the Salpetriere to show psychiatric disease in facial appearance (physiognomies). The author speculates on a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, a disorder only recently described by James Parkinson (1817), but probably already known to French Neurology. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
GAD antibody positive paraneoplastic stiff person syndrome in a patient with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: McHugh John C. , Murray Brian , Renganathan Radhakrishnan , Connolly Sean , Lynch Tim
Published: May 2007

Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is an unusual cause of muscle rigidity and spasms. It is believed to have an autoimmune pathogenesis and is associated with autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Paraneoplastic SPS (PSPS) has been described mainly in relation to breast cancer and is associated with antibodies to amphiphysin. Few reports of PSPS document the finding of GAD autoantibodies. We present the first reported case of anti‐GAD positive PSPS in a 53‐year‐old male with occult renal carcinoma. Clinical benefit was marked following nephrectomy and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. Renal carcinoma should be considered in patients with SPS. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Abnormal affective startle modulation in individuals with psychogenical movement disorder
Authors: Seignourel Paul J. , Miller Kimberly , Kellison Ida , Rodriguez Ramon , Fernandez Hubert H. , Bauer Russell M. , Bowers Dawn , Okun Michael S.
Published: May 2007

Despite recent advances, psychogenic movement disorder (PMD) remains a poorly understood phenomenon. Emotional functioning and responsiveness to stress are believed to play a role in the development of psychogenic symptoms, but empirical studies examining emotional responsiveness in PMD and other conversion disorders are lacking. We investigated modulation of the startle eyeblink reflex by affective pictures in 12 patients with PMD and 12 age‐ and education‐matched control participants. Participants viewed positive, neutral, and negative pictures, while eyeblink responses to white noise bursts were recorded. Control participants showed the expected pattern of startle modulation, with significant potentiation by negative pictures and slight (nonsignificant) inhibition by positive pictures. In the PMD group, however, both positive and negative pictures yielded significantly greater startle responses than neutral pictures. Depression and anxiety symptomatology did not correlate with startle modulation, and the two groups did not differ in self‐reported emotional reactions to the pictures. Our findings suggest that individuals with PMD show aversive physiological reactions to positive as well as negative stimuli. Abnormal affective startle modulation may be used to help distinguish between malingering and PMD. Future studies using larger samples are needed to better understand the role of emotions in conversion disorder. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Acupuncture for psychogenic movement disorders: Treatment or diagnostic tool?
Authors: Van Nuenen Bart F. L. , Wohlgemuth Marielle , Wong Chung Rudi E. , Abdo Wilson F. , Bloem Bas R.
Published: May 2007

Psychogenic movement disorders are common in everyday neurological practice, comprising up to 25% of the patient population in movement disorders clinics. The diagnosis is often difficult, as is illustrated by the high proportion of patients with an organic neurological disease whose movement disorder is misdiagnosed as psychogenic. Here, we describe a woman with a longstanding and treatment‐resistant psychogenic movement disorder that responded dramatically to acupuncture. The diagnostic and therapeutic merits of acupuncture are discussed.
[123I] FP‐CIT spect study in vascular parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zijlmans Jan , Evans Andrew , Fontes Flavia , Katzenschlager Regina , Gacinovic Svetoslav , Lees Andrew J , Costa Durval
Published: May 2007

There is substantial evidence to support a role for small vessel disease (SVD) as a cause for vascular parkinsonism (VP). Using [123I] FP‐CIT SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography), we have tried to determine whether VP patients have pre‐synaptic dopaminergic function similar to PD patients, and whether the severity of parkinsonian symptoms as well as the levodopa response in VP patients are correlated with pre‐synaptic dopaminergic dysfunction. Thirteen patients fulfilling operational clinical criteria for VP had [123I] FP‐CIT scans. Mean [123I] FP‐CIT uptake in the basal ganglia was significantly lower in VP patients than in healthy controls, and the asymmetry index was not significantly different between these groups. In contrast, compared with the PD group, only the mean asymmetry index was significantly lower in VP patients. None of the parameters measured was significantly different between VP patients who had an insidious onset of parkinsonism (VPi) and those who had an acute onset (VPa). There was a significant correlation between the bilateral basal ganglia FP‐CIT uptake reduction in the VP patients and UPDRS motor scores, but not with the mean % reduction in motor UPDRS after levodopa. We suggest that in the majority of VP patients, pre‐synaptic dopaminergic function is reduced. The presence of a rather symmetrical FP‐CIT uptake in the basal ganglia may help to distinguish VP from PD and could therefore be used as a criterion for the clinical diagnosis of VP. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
The effect of cutaneous input on intracortical inhibition in focal task‐specific dystonia
Authors: McDonnell Michelle N. , Thompson Philip D. , Ridding Michael C.
Published: May 2007

In normal subjects short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) is topographically modulated by cutaneous input, which may be important for focusing muscle activation during tasks. In patients with writer's cramp, a task‐specific focal dystonia characterized by inappropriate and excessive muscle activation of the upper limb during certain motor tasks, intracortical inhibition is reduced at rest and lacks the normal topographically‐specific modulation during motor tasks. In the present study we investigated whether cutaneous input modulated SICI in a group of patients with writer's cramp and a control group of subjects. Electromyographic recordings were made from the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI), abductor pollicis brevis (APB), and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles. Brief electrical stimuli were applied to either digit II or digit V with ring electrodes. SICI was investigated using a paired transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigm employing interstimulus intervals of 1–15 ms. Cutaneous input from both digit II and digit V modulated motor evoked potentials and SICI in a topographically‐specific manner in control subjects. In contrast, cutaneous input failed to modulate motor evoked potentials or SICI in the focal hand dystonia patients. These results provide further evidence of abnormal sensorimotor integration in focal hand dystonia. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
A case of poststreptococcal opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome
Authors: Dassan Pooja , Clarke Charles , Sharp David J.
Published: May 2007

High antistreptococcal antibody titer (ASOT) was measured in a 31‐year‐old Caucasian lady presenting with opsoclonus and myoclonus. She was treated with oral steroids and 8 weeks after the onset of symptoms she had a normal ASOT and only mild residual symptoms. This is one of the first cases of opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome developing, following a streptococcal infection in adults. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Dynamic changes in localization of chromobox (CBX) family members during the maternal to embryonic transition
Authors: Ruddock‐D'Cruz Nancy T. , Prashadkumar Sivachelvi , Wilson Katrina J. , Heffernan Corey , Cooney Melissa A. , French Andrew J. , Jans David A. , Verma Paul J. , Holland Michael K.
Published: May 2007

The Chromobox domain (Cbx) gene family, consisting of Polycomb and Heterochromatin Protein 1 genes, is involved in transcriptional repression, cell cycle regulation and chromatin remodeling. We report the first study of gene expression and protein localization of the Cbx genes in in vitro produced bovine embryos. All but one gene (Cbx6) were expressed. This was confirmed by immunolocalization for HP1α, β, γ, and Pc2, 3. HP1β was found in the nuclei of embryos from the two‐cell stage onwards, whereas HP1γ showed diffuse cytoplasmic/nuclear localization at the two‐ and eight‐cell stages, and predominantly nuclear localization at the four‐cell stage and the 16‐cell stage onwards. Leptomycin B (LMB), a specific inhibitor of the nuclear export protein CRM‐1 (chromosomal regional maintenance‐1), was found to increase nuclear localization of HP1γ at the eight‐cell stage, and to prevent progression past this stage of embryogenesis. This indicates that HP1γ possesses a CRM‐1‐dependent nuclear export pathway which may represent part of the basis of HP1γ's ability to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in dynamic fashion. HP1α was expressed in embryonic nuclei at all stages, but was found to relocalise from euchromatin to heterochromatin during the maternal to embryonic transition (MET). In contrast, Pc2 and Pc3 were evenly distributed between cytoplasm and nucleus until the eight‐ and sixteen‐cell stages or the morula stage, respectively, before relocating preferentially to the cytoplasm. Collectively, the results suggest that dynamic changes of the nuclear‐cytoplasmic and subnuclear distribution of members of the Cbx family may be central to the MET. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 477–488, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of de novo BSCL2 Ser90Leu mutation in a Korean family with silver syndrome and distal hereditary motor neuropathy
Authors: Cho Hyun‐Jung , Sung Duk‐Hyun , Ki Chang‐Seok
Published: May 2007

Mutations in the Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL2) gene have been identified in families with distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) and in families with SPG17‐linked Silver syndrome. We studied the first Korean families with clinical features resembling classic Silver syndrome and dHMN type V. Direct sequencing analysis of the BSCL2 gene revealed a Ser90Leu mutation in the proband, a younger sister, and one of two sons of the proband. The clinical patterns in this family include presentation with lower‐limb and hand‐muscle involvement early in the disease course as well as the presence of Babinski signs with nonprogressive mild spastic paraparesis, resembling classic Silver syndrome and dHMN type V. This study reaffirms the clinical phenotype of the disorders associated with a BSCL2 Ser90Leu mutation and describes a genetically proven family with Silver syndrome and dHMN type V in Asia. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Limited expression of slow tonic myosin heavy chain in human cranial muscles
Authors: Sokoloff Alan J. , Li Haiyan , Burkholder Thomas J.
Published: May 2007

Recent reports of slow tonic myosin heavy chain (MHCst) in human masticatory and laryngeal muscles suggest that MHCst may have a wider distribution in humans than previously thought. Because of the novelty of this finding, we sought to confirm the presence of MHCst in human masticatory and laryngeal muscles by reacting tissue from these muscles and controls from extraocular, intrafusal, cardiac, appendicular, and developmental muscle with antibodies (Abs) ALD‐58 and S46, considered highly specific for MHCst. At Ab dilutions producing minimal reaction to muscle fibers positive for MHCI, only extraocular, intrafusal, and fetal tongue tissue reacted with Ab S46 had strong immunoreaction in an appreciable number of muscle fibers. In immunoblots, Ab S46, but not Ab ALD‐58, labeled adult extraocular muscles; no other muscles were labeled with either Ab. We conclude that, in humans, Ab S46 has greater specificity for MHCst than does Ab ALD‐58. We suggest that reports of MHCst in human masticatory and laryngeal muscles reflect false‐positive identification of MHCst due to cross‐reactivity of Ab ALD‐58 with another MHC isoform. Muscle Nerve, 2007
The computational algorithm for the parametric objective function
Authors: Gass Saul , Saaty Thomas
Published: May 2007

If a linear programming problem involves two objective functions, it is desirable to learn all solutions depending on the relative weight attached to the two functions. This paper presents details of an algorithm which finds these solutions systematically.
Logistics without storage
Authors: Curtis Ira N.
Published: May 2007

This paper discusses ways and means for reducing storage requirements in the logistic pipeline.
Organized decision making
Authors: Mills H. D.
Published: May 2007

Some aspects of the phenomena associated with decision making by an organization are discussed. Their interplay is illustrated by a simple examde.
Analytic study of war games
Authors: Antosiewicz H. A.
Published: May 2007

The author describes the results of a study of the mathematical aspects of a proposed war game model.
Risk and hazard in logistics planning
Authors: Sachaklian Harry A.
Published: May 2007

This paper discusses the significance of the concepts of risk and hazard in areas of military decision.
Issue priority: Last in first out (LIFO) vs first in first out (FIFO) as a method of issuing items from supply storage
Authors: Greenwood Joseph Albert
Published: May 2007

Items may be issued from storage by the principle of “first in, first out” or “last in, first out.” This paper gives comparisons of the two methods by various criteria.
The structure of dynamic programing models
Authors: Karlin Samuel
Published: May 2007

This paper discusses the structure and formulation of dynamic programing models. R. Bellman's “Principle of Optimality” is reexamined for deterministic models. A formulation of the general stochastic dynamic programing model ie given and applied to an inventory model.
An analysis of stewardess requirements and scheduling for a major domestic airline
Authors: McCloskey Joseph F. , Hanssmann Fred
Published: May 2007

This paper studies the optimal utilization of stewardesses and optimal allocation of trips to bases by a special approximation to the solution of a linear programming problem.
Cyclic scheduling and combinatorial topology: Assignment and routing of motive power to meet scheduling and maintenance requirements Part I ‐ A statement of the operating problem of the Frisco railroad
Authors: Gleaves V. B.
Published: May 2007

A new method is developed for the nonlinear problem of optimal cyclic assignment of motive power, which derives essentially from the association of a graph with the time‐table.
Analysis and Monte Carlo simulation of cargo handling
Authors: O'Neill R. R.
Published: May 2007

Analysis of cyclic‐linked cargo‐handling systems is presented and solved by Monte Carlo techniques for several typical instances.
Mathematical programming and evaluation of freight shipment systems. Part I — Applications
Authors: Soyster H. R.
Published: May 2007

This paper presents operational considerations involved in making the mathematical program into a working tool for management in the instance of crew scheduling and plant location.
Numerical solution of the generalized transportation problem
Authors: Prager William
Published: May 2007

A numerical “saturation” technique is presented for solution of a generalization of Hitchcock's distribution problem.
A simple rule for the cwsolidation of allowance lists
Authors: Gourary Mina Haskind
Published: May 2007

The problem of consolidating certain sections of the allowance list is stated and discussed. A practical consolidation rule is proposed and illustrated by numerical examples. The validity of this consolidation rule is established for normally distributed demands, and its general usefulness is outlined.
Dynamic problems in the theory of the firm
Authors: Wagner H. M. , Whitin T. M.
Published: May 2007

This article was published as Appendix 6 in the second edition (1957) of the book entitled “The Theory of Inventory Management,” by Thomson M. Whitin, in order to reach an audience which might otherwise not be reached in the field of logistics. The Princeton University Press, who publish this book and who are the copyright owners, have granted permission to reprint the above material in the Naval Research Logistics Quarterly.
Loss resulting from the use of incorrect data in computing an optimal inventory policy
Authors: Levy Joel
Published: May 2007

Extensive work has been done in deriving the optimum inventory policy for various models based on different assumptions. The following is an attempt to find the cost consequences for two such models of executing a policy computed from erroneous data. Part I treats a case of certain demand. Part II treats a case of demand being a uniformly distributed random variable.
Some queuing problems in machine maintenanc
Authors: Stoller David S.
Published: May 2007

This paper discusses some queuing problems that arise in the context of the maintenance of a group of machines, each of which is operated intermittently and all of which are subject to several kinds of malfunctions. A general formulation of this problem is made and the general method of solution indicated. A class of solutions in form suitable for direct computations is given. As a special case, a solution is given to the case of mjrepairmen of type j, j = 1, …, k for a group of fully utilized machined.
Some principles for a data‐processing system in logistics
Authors: Geisler M. A.
Published: May 2007

Some of the principles and concepts of a revised logistics data‐processing system, proposed for the Air Force and developed at RAND, are discussed. These ideas provide a general framework in which a data‐processing system might be developed that would be able to meet the operational needs of the 1960's. The ideas developed in this paper, although pointed particularly at the Air Force, might have relevance and use for the other military services and for industry in general.
Pure strategy solutions of blotto games
Authors: Blackett D. W.
Published: May 2007

Some necessary conditions for a Blotto game to be solvable by interior pure strategies are presented. The mathematics involved is little more than an exercise in calculus. Nevertheless, a test of the elementary conditions given here exposes as incorrect various solutions to Blotto games which appear in the classified literature.
The allocation of development funds: An analytic approach
Authors: Daubin Scott C.
Published: May 2007

The administrative problem of fund allocation among the several projects constituting the development program is considered from an analytic‐economic viewpoint. The concept of operational potential is introduced and used in establishing a measure of effectiveness for the development program, the “development contribution function.” The problem then resolves to the maximization of a mathematical expression. An example is worked out to demonstrate the method and the utility of the results, Certain characteristics of the solution which are of general applicability are discussed. The functional relationships among the groups concerned with development is considered; the contribution of each groupis definedin the form of equation parameters, The importance of well designed development administrative machinery, particularly relating to the integration of the operational and the technical elements, becomes immediately apparent.
Characteristics of usage of supply items aboard naval ships and the significance to supply management
Authors: Garrett John Henry
Published: May 2007

EDITOR'S NOTE: This paper presents naval problems in supply of materiel. Research is being conducted at the George Washington University Logistics Research Project in connection with effecting the highest degree of self‐sufficiency of fleets at sea. The Bureau of Supplies and Accounts and the George Washington University Logistics Research Project are jointly conducting a research program known as “The Allowance List Test Program.” One of the notable features of this program is that military worth (essentiality) measurements for repair parts are being introduced explicitly.
Linear model for evaluating complex systems
Authors: Thrall R. M. , Coombs C. H. , Caldwell W.
Published: May 2007

The first phases of a long‐range project for developing models for the evaluation of intelligence systems in terms of measurable outputs are reported. In making such evaluations, the number of correct identifications, number of false alarms, number of displacements, and number of complete misses must be measured, in each of several categories (such as infantry, artillery, armor, supply lines), in each of a number of sectors (front line, rear, far rear), and in each of several situations (such as attack or defense, good or poor mobility). The major results to date are (1) the development of experimental techniques, (2) the formulation of an analytical model. (3) the development of analysis techniques for evaluation of parameters in the model in terms of empirical results, (4) the preliminary evaluation of parameters (rank‐order correlations of 0.8 and higher have been established between some of the analytic predictions and the empirical results), and (5) formulation of several concrete unsolved problems out of the over‐all problem. Plans for continued studv are discussed.
Further notes on the loss resulting from the use of incorrect data in computing an optimal inventory policy
Authors: Levy Joel
Published: May 2007

In the Naval Research Logistics Quarterly of March 1958, the author published some exploratory research on ‚Loss Resulting from the Use of Incorrect Data in Computing an Optimal Inventory Policy.”︁ The present paper continues these investigations by examining the effect of errors in the loss function (Part I) and in the discount rate (Part II).
Note on solving linear programs in integers
Authors: Dantzig G. B.
Published: May 2007

A recent result of Gomory (Princeton) solved an outstanding problem, namely that of solving linear programs in integers. Gomory showed how to add linear inequality constraints to a linear programming problem automatically in such a way that the extreme points of the resulting convex contain only integral solutions in the neighborhood of the minimum. In this paper an alternative method is given for generating these additional constraints in a way easy to justify and to apply. However it is not known whether these conditions will lead to a solution in a finite number of iterations of the simplex method as is true for the stronger Gomory conditions. Thus anyone considering their practical use should weigh the ease of generation against the extra number of iterations that will undoubtedly be required for convergence.
A difficulty in linear programming for transportation problems
Authors: Luther Marvin , Walsh John E.
Published: May 2007

Linear programming has many worthwhile applications to transportation problems of a relatively uncomplicated nature. For inore complicated problems, however, a realistic linear‐programming formulation can require such an excessive number of variables that obtaining a solution is not feasible. This paper shows that an excessive number of variables is usually required when different types of items are to be transported subject to time restrictions and on carriers that can simultaneously handle several items.
The feasibility of a global airlift
Authors: Weinberg R. S. , Higgins J. W.
Published: May 2007

Note by Managing Editor: The impossibility of a global airlift can be established by very simple means intuitively. However, the methods used by the authors in arriving at this same conclusion, even by a limited analysis, may be of interest to the reader. This paper gives quantitative proof of the magnitude of effort required for importing by air in lieu of using sea lift.
Maximum number of iterations in the transportation problem
Authors: Simonnard Michel A. , Hadley G. F.
Published: May 2007

It is shown that there are precisely nm‐1mn−1 bases in a transportation problem having m destinations and n origins. This number gives an upper limit to the number of iterations in solving the problem and is much smaller than that given by the combinatorial formula (mn)!/(m+n−1)1 (mn+1−m−n)1.
Renewal‐theoretic analysis of a two‐bin inventory control policy
Authors: Gaver D. P.
Published: May 2007

Renewal theory is used to derive the stationary distribution of inventory present at a stocking point characterized by stationary compound Poisson demand, independent and generally distributed lead times, impatient customers, and the use of a two‐bin ordering rule. Inventory‐associated costs are evaluated, and a numerical example is given.
The new military standard for inspection by variables
Authors: Rosenblatt Harry M. , Wolman William
Published: May 2007

The Standard described here was prepared to meet a growing need for the use of standard sampling plans for inspecting products procured by the Government. It may serve as an alternate to MIL‐STD‐105A, which provides sampling plans for lot‐acceptance inspection by attributes. The variables sampling plans apply to a single quality characteristic and maybe used whenever the quality characteristic for test can be measured on a continuous scale. Like the pattern of MIL‐STD‐105A, risks of rejecting acceptable material were planned to decrease with increase in size and lot. In the new Standard, however, samples sizes are considerably smaller than those in MIL‐STD‐105A for corresponding sampling plans

The Standard outlines procedures to be followed when the variability is unknown—either a standard‐deviation or an average‐range method—as well as those to be used when the variability is known. A new concept in the Standard is a lot‐acceptance criterion obtained by comparing an unbiased minimum‐variance estimate, r, of the true percent defective with a suitably chosen constant, M, which represents the maximum allowable percent defective for sample estimates. This procedure, when used for the two‐sided specification‐limit case, provides operating characteristics, for given percent defective, which are essentially the same as those for the one‐sided specification‐limit case, regardless of the total percent defective in the lot, which consists of the sum of the percent defective above the upper and below the lower specification limits. For the one‐sided specification‐limit case, the acceptance criterion provides the identical probability of acceptance as obtained with the familiar ks statistic for suitably chosen k. Values of k also are included in the standard, thus, permitting use of either form of the acceptance criterion.
A method for determining supply quantity for the case of poisson distribution of demand
Authors: Mickey M. R.
Published: May 2007

The problem treated is that of determining the number of units of an item to be supplied against a future demand, on the basis of the past record of demand for that item. A method is described for the case of Poisson distribution of demand and known relation between the expected demand for the experience and the future periods.
Method for first‐stage evaluation of complex man‐machine systems
Authors: Garfunkel I. M. , Walsh John E.
Published: May 2007

Performance assessment is a valuable tool for determining whether or not a system is behaving satisfactorily and for isolating trouble areas if the performance is unsatisfactory. This type of evaluation is especially useful for systems that are in their initial stages of operation. If a new system represents a large‐order combination of men and machines, development of a satisfactory method for evaluating such a system is not an easy task. Experimental simulation involving actual (or laboratory) operation appears to furnish a feasible and realistic basis for such evaluations, By use of this approach, a model has been developed that seems to be acceptable for most evaluation purposes. This model is of a somewhat elementary mathematical form, being a linear sum of the contributions for important subdivisions with respect to system components and time; however, the model is elaborate in the sense that many inputs rely heavily on experience ‐ judgment considerations. Explicitly, a measure of effectiveness is developed which is based on a comparison of what the system did with what it should have done, as determined by the recorded results of the simulation exercise. An assessment of a system' s over‐all behavior can be obtained by performing an evaluation for each of a representative set of the important types of situations for this system.
A first experiment in logistics system simulation
Authors: Geisler Murray A.
Published: May 2007

This paper essentially describes the activities of the RAND Logistics Systems Laboratory during its first year of operation. During this year, the laboratory conducted an important first experiment in which it tested a series of proposed changes to the Air Force supply system.

The test involved the creation of two versions of an Air Force logistics system, one which simulated a 1956 Air Force logistics system and another which was modified to contain the proposed supply policies. These two systems were operated in parallel and were given the same support task to accomplish. The system which was able to accomplish its job at lesser cost was deemed the better system.

The simulation was a composite of man‐machine models, in which the men were assigned management responsibilities and functions and the machines performed routine actions. The men were identified by titles which have counterparts in the real‐world logistics system. The two logistics systems were operated under compressed time so that each hour in the laboratory simulated a day's experience in the real world. This enabled the simulation to cover 3–1/2 years' experience and 2 simulated wars.

The experiment indicated that, according to the criterion established, the logistics system containing the newer supply policies was a better system. The experiment also indicated ways in which revisions to the procedures by which the new policies are implemented would benefit their future use.

The experiment indicated that this type of logistics system simulation did develop many more insights into the operation of proposed policies than traditional analytical techniques normally provide, and it did extend the traditional descriptions provided to real‐world organizations of such proposed policies. At the same time, the experiment did highlight the complexities of testing logistics policies, even under the idealized conditions of the laboratory, and the problems of interpreting experimental findings.
An optimal inventory solution for some specific demand distributions
Authors: Gluss Brian
Published: May 2007

A multistage inventory decision process is considered in which the penalty cost for failing have in stock sufficient items to satisfy demand at the next stage includes in stock. When the demand cost and a cost proportional to the deficiency stock. When the includes all Pearson distributions, a method is found for determining whether or not a constant stock level solution is optimal.
A call for plain talk
Authors: Reed Thomas H.
Published: May 2007

Broad public understanding, popular demand needed to achieve real metropolitan solution.
All pulling together
Authors: McNayr Irving G.
Published: May 2007

Dade County Metro progresses as cities lose fear that 26 municipalities would be destroyed.
The California way
Authors: Crouch Winston W.
Published: May 2007

State, with eight metropolitan areas, has approached problem in three different ways.
What can citizens do?
Authors: Deming George H.
Published: May 2007

Questionnaire replies show few groups have focused interest on metropolitan problems.
Paying for services
Authors: Netzer Dick
Published: May 2007

One policy goal must be to finance services so as to develop metropolitan areas soundly.
Renewal: Area problem
Authors: Lash James E.
Published: May 2007

Housing must be part of metropolitan planning with private‐public center for market analysis.
After reapportionment
Authors: Wheeler John P. , Bebout John E.
Published: May 2007

New appraisals, thinking, understanding called for to gain true measure of states' future role.
The planned community
Authors: Sweet Morris L. , Jensen Finn B.
Published: May 2007

Today's era of rapid change and easy travel demands re‐examination of age‐old concepts.
Web‐based international studies in limited populations of pediatric leukemia
Authors: Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Silvestri Daniela , Covezzoli Anna , De Lorenzo Paola
Published: May 2007

Background

Recent progress in cancer research leads to the characterization of small subgroups of patients by genetic/biological features. Clinical studies in this setting are frequently promoted by international networks of independent researchers and are limited by practical and methodological constraints, not least the regulations recently issued by national and international institutions (EU Directive 2001/20/EC).

Procedure

We reviewed various methods in the design of international multicenter studies, with focus on randomized clinical trials.

Results

This paper reports our experience in planning and conducting international studies in childhood leukemia. We applied a decentralized study conduct based on a two‐level structure, comprising a national and an international coordinating level. For the more recent trials this structure was implemented as a web‐based system. This approach accommodates major legal requirements (e.g., safety reporting) and ensures Good Clinical Practice principles by implementing risk‐oriented monitoring procedures.

Conclusions

Setting up international non‐commercial trials is increasingly complicated. Still, they are strongly needed for answering relevant questions in limited populations. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:270–273. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A DIGE analysis of developing poplar leaves subjected to ozone reveals major changes in carbon metabolism
Authors: Bohler Sacha , Bagard Matthieu , Oufir Mouhssin , Planchon Sébastien , Hoffmann Lucien , Jolivet Yves , Hausman Jean‐François , Dizengremel Pierre , Renaut Jenny
Published: May 2007

Tropospheric ozone pollution is described as having major negative effects on plants, compromising plant survival. Carbon metabolism is especially affected. In the present work, the effects of chronic ozone exposure were evaluated at the proteomic level in developing leaves of young poplar plants exposed to 120 ppb of ozone for 35 days. Soluble proteins (excluding intrinsic membrane proteins) were extracted from leaves after 3, 14 and 35 days of ozone exposure, as well as 10 days after a recovery period. Proteins (pI 4 to 7) were analyzed by 2‐D DIGE experiments, followed by MALDI‐TOF‐TOF identification. Additional observations were obtained on growth, lesion formation, and leaf pigments analysis. Although treated plants showed large necrotic spots and chlorosis in mature leaves, growth decreased only slightly and plant height was not affected. The number of abscised leaves was higher in treated plants, but new leaf formation was not affected. A decrease in chlorophylls and lutein contents was recorded. A large number of proteins involved in carbon metabolism were identified. In particular, proteins associated with the Calvin cycle and electron transport in the chloroplast were down‐regulated. In contrast, proteins associated with glucose catabolism increased in response to ozone exposure. Other identified enzymes are associated with protein folding, nitrogen metabolism and oxidoreductase activity.
Spin‐dependent transport through an Aharonov–Bohm ring with a quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic electrodes
Authors: Wu Shaoquan , Sun Weili
Published: May 2007

Using the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green function and the equation‐of‐motion technique, we investigate spin‐dependent transport through an Aharonov–Bohm ring with a quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic leads. We analyze the conductance and the tunneling magnetoresistance of this system for various values of the magnetic flux and the spin‐polarization strength and obtain some new results. Our results show that this system is provided with an excellent spin filtering property, and a large tunneling magnetoresistance and a negative tunneling magnetoresistance can arise by adjusting relative parameters, which indicates that this system is a possible candidate for spin‐valve transistors and is of importance for applications in spintronics. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantum effects in (2+1)‐dimensional Dirac fermion and nodal superconductivity
Authors: Morita Y.
Published: May 2007

We shall discuss quantum effects in (2+1)‐dimensional Dirac fermion (nodal quasiparticle in two dimensions) and also the relevance to nodal superconductivity. For example, we focus on quantum interference effects due to defects (so called localization) in the ‘pi‐flux model’, where nodal quasiparticle realizes. It is related to the problem of e.g. graphene, cuprates and organics. Key ingredients in these problems are lo‐calization, topological defect, and quantum Hall effect (QHE). In the beginning, our emphasis is on ‘statics’ e.g. DoS, which is directly observed through the STM study. Its implication to ‘dynamics’ e.g. transport properties is also discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coherent spin transport in magnetization modulated semiconductor heterostructures
Authors: Sankowski P. , Oszwałdowski R. , Kacman P. , Majewski J. A. , Dietl T.
Published: May 2007

The Landauer–Büttiker formalism combined with the tight‐binding transfer matrix method is employed to model vertical coherent spin transport within magnetization modulated semiconductor heterostructures based on GaAs. This formalism provides excellent physical description of recent experiments concerning the high tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) in (Ga,Mn)As‐based trilayers and highly polarized spin injection in p‐(Ga,Mn)As/n‐GaAs Zener diode. In particular the formalism reproduces strong decrease of the observed effects with external bias. We ascribe this decrease to the band structure effects. In the framework of the developed model, the intrinsic domain‐wall resistance (DWR) in (Ga,Mn)As is also studied and compared to experimental results. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stripes and phase separation in strongly correlated systems
Authors: Czajka K. , Maśka M. M.
Published: May 2007

Using classical Monte Carlo approach we analyze two‐dimensional Falicov–Kimball model away from half‐filling. Both the weak and the strong interaction regimes are considered. We found that in the former case stripe configurations are the stable ones, whereas in the latter case the phase separation minimize the energy. We present also the spectral properties of the system. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantum gambling using mesoscopic ring qubits
Authors: Pakuła Ireneusz
Published: May 2007

Quantum Game Theory provides us with new tools for practising games and some other risk related enterprices like, for example, gambling. The two party gambling protocol presented by Goldenberg et al. is one of the simplest yet still hard to implementapplications of Quantum Game Theory. We propose potential physical realisation of the quantum gambling protocol with use of three mesoscopic ring qubits. We point out problems in implementation of such game. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of deep level spectra in p‐type and n‐type GaN grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Armstrong A. , Poblenz C. , Mishra U. K. , Speck J. S. , Ringel S. A.
Published: May 2007

Deep levels in n‐type GaN:Si and p‐type GaN:Mg grown by molecular beam epitaxy were compared using deep level optical spectrscopy (DLOS). For n‐GaN, the major bandgap states were observed to lie within 1 eV of the valence band edge. For the p‐type film, hole photoemission from deep levels at near the conduction band edge and electron photoemission from a deep level near the valence band edge were resolved. Overall, the p‐GaN filmed incorporated nearly ten times greater deep level concentration. Bandgap states attributed to residual carbon impurities with large concentration were found near the minority band edge in both films. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flux‐biased mesoscopic rings
Authors: Dajka J. , Machura Ł. , Rogoziński Sz. , Łuczka J.
Published: May 2007

Kinetics of magnetic flux in a thin mesoscopic ring biased by a strong external magnetic field is described equivalently by dynamics of a Brownian particle in a tilted washboard potential. The ‘flux velocity’, i.e. the averaged time derivative of the total magnetic flux in the ring, is a candidate for a novel characteristics of mesoscopic rings. Its global properties reflect the possibility of accommodating persistent currents in the ring. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gain mechanisms in field‐free InGaN layers grown on sapphire and bulk GaN substrate
Authors: Dworzak M. , Stempel Pereira T. , Bügler M. , Hoffmann A. , Franssen G. , Grzanka S. , Suski T. , Czernecki R. , Leszczynski M. , Grzegory I.
Published: May 2007

The gain mechanisms and recombination dynamics of InGaN layers strongly depend on the structural properties of the substrate material. The 4.5 nm and 9.5 nm thick layers were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on two different substrates (sapphire and GaN) with different dislocation densities. Time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy at high excitation densities identifies the saturation of nonradiative recombination centers through excited carriers as a major gain mechanism. The prime argument is an unusual nonexponential luminescence decay. This was confirmed by a lower threshold of the optical gain for the structures grown on GaN with lower dislocation densities. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Intermediate frequency modes in Raman spectra of Ar+‐irradiated single‐wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Skákalová Viera , Maultzsch Janina , Osváth Zoltán , Biró László P. , Roth Siegmar
Published: May 2007

We study the effect of Ar+ irradiation on the intermediate frequency modes (IFM) in Raman spectra of single‐wall carbon nanotubes. We observe new features in the intermediate frequency region from 386 to 635 cm–1 as the defect concentration increases, whereas at the same time there is a decrease of other IFM modes. After annealing in vacuum, the IFM modes recover and become similar to those of the nanotubes before irradiation. We interpret the new features in the Raman spectra as originating from the phonon density of states that becomes visible in the Raman process due to the presence of defects. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamics of water clusters upon UV‐excitation leading to ionization: Nonempirical study
Authors: Novakovskaya Yulia V.
Published: May 2007

Nonempirical direct molecular dynamics of neutral and cationic water clusters involving four to six molecules is studied to shed light on the character of the ionization of water clusters. Potential energy and forces are calculated in the second‐order of the Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory with a 6–31++G(1d, 1p) basis set. Upon vertical ionization of a water cluster, H3O+ and OH fragments appear. The process needs no less than 40 fs, and in some cases, up to 100 or 150 fs. The resulting configuration of the cluster (neglecting its generally larger volume) is close to that obtained in the geometry optimization run. Vibrational excitation of a neutral cluster with a total energy about half its adiabatic ionization potential may promote the appearance of structures similar to that of the stable cation at certain moments in time. In particular, a configuration in which only one water molecule separates H3O+ and OH− fragments forms much faster than upon vertical electron detachment from a stable neutral cluster, in nearly 18 fs. Such structure reorganization is noticeably impeded by the rotational–vibrational excitation of the whole cluster, especially when hydrogen bonds are substantially distorted. The effect of distorting motions becomes very pronounced after 20 fs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
THEMATICS analysis for functional ion channels
Authors: Shehadi Ihsan A.
Published: May 2007

Ion channels, as a group of integral membrane proteins, span the cell membrane forming ion‐conducting pores that allow ions to traverse the hydrophobic lipid environment rapidly and selectively. The structure of the Streptomyces lividians (KcsA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis ion channel (Mscl) potassium ion channel have provided the impetus and has helped further the understanding of the structural and functional studies of these channels. The KcsA adapts the voltage‐gated mechanism for opening and closing of the channel. While Mcsl represents the mechanosensitive model of the channels. However, the mechanism of the opening and closing of these channels are not fully understood. Electrostatic methods (THEMATICS) are used to locate the site where closing and opening of the channels are controlled. Two clusters of amino acid residues are identified in each of the previously mentioned active models where net charges play an important role in controlling the mechanism of the opening and closure of the ion channels. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007