bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Extrapyramidal Tracts’ Integrity With Performance in Fine Motor Skills After Stroke
Authors: Rimmele D. Leander , Frey Benedikt M. , Cheng Bastian , Schulz Robert , Krawinkel Lutz A. , Bönstrup Marlene , Braass Hanna , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz
Published: October 2018

Background and Purpose—

Tractography by diffusion tensor imaging has extended our knowledge on the contribution of damage to different pathways to residual motor function after stroke. Integrity of the corticospinal tract (CST), for example, has been identified to characterize and predict its course. Yet there is only scarce data that allow a judgment on the impact of extrapyramidal pathways between the basal ganglia on motor function poststroke. We aimed at studying their association with performance in fine motor skills after stroke.

Methods—

We performed probabilistic tractography and reconstructed nigro-pallidal tracts connecting substantia nigra and globus pallidus, as well as the CST in 26 healthy subjects. Resulting tracts were registered to the individual images of 20 patients 3 months after stroke, and their microstructural integrity was measured by fractional anisotropy. Clinical examination of the patients’ gross (grip force) and fine (nine-hole peg test) motor skills was performed 1 year after stroke. For assessment of factors influencing nine-hole peg test, we used a multivariate model.

Results—

Nigro-pallidal tracts were traceable in all participants, had no overlap to the CST and passed the nucleus subthalamicus. In stroke patients, nigro-pallidal tracts ipsilateral to the stroke lesion showed a significantly reduced fractional anisotropy (ratio, 0.96±0.02;
P
=0.021). One year after stroke, nine-hole peg test values were significantly slower for the affected hand, while grip force was comparable between both hands. Reduced integrity of the nigro-pallidal tracts was associated with worse performance in the nine-hole peg test (
P
=0.040), as was reduced integrity of the CST (
P
<0.001) and younger age (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—

Nigro-pallidal tracts with containing connections of the nucleus subthalamicus represent a relevant part of the extrapyramidal system and specifically contribute to residual fine motor skills after stroke beyond the well-known contribution of the CST. They may deliver supportive information for prediction of motor recovery after stroke.
Manifesting the Wisdom of God
Authors: Whetsel Zach
Published: October 2018

This article examines the way James Buchanan (1804–1870) utilized the theological concept of the ordo salutis in order to counter challenges of antinomianism and neonomianism to Reformed soteriology. It seeks to place Buchanan in his historical context, while analyzing how his work can serve as a guide to contemporary debates concerning Reformed soteriology.
A checklist of species of Vorticellidae (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) epibionts of crustaceans
Authors: MAYÉN-ESTRADA ROSAURA , UTZ LAURA R. PINTO
Published: October 2018

The family Vorticellidae includes 21 genera, mainly with species worldwide distributed, as free-living, and attached to diverse organisms as epibionts. The goal of this paper is to provide an updated checklist of the worldwide vorticellids reported attached to the crustaceans. We revised and checked all available records of species of vorticellids including their crustacean hosts. We found 96 vorticellid species belonging to 14 genera with at least a report on the body of 81 species of crustaceans. Four genera of ciliates (Vorticella, Pseudovorticella, Carchesium and Intranstylum) had the major number of species living as epibionts. We provide also the complete list of the species of vorticellids, and conclude the need of a taxonomic revision of the family.
Resonance Scattering Effects in Wet Hail Observed with a Dual-X-Band-Frequency, Dual-Polarization Doppler on Wheels Radar
Authors: Kumjian Matthew R. , Richardson Yvette P. , Meyer Traeger , Kosiba Karen A. , Wurman Joshua
Published: October 2018

Two of the “Doppler on Wheels” facility radars (DOW6 and DOW7) have been upgraded to dual-polarization capabilities and operate at two closely spaced X-band frequencies. For particles with sizes that are large relative to the wavelength, resonance scattering effects may lead to differences in the backscattered radiation between these two frequencies. This study investigates the utility of dual-frequency, dual-polarization DOW radars for hail detection and sizing. T-matrix scattering calculations at the two X-band DOW7 frequencies reveal that dual-frequency differences in the radar reflectivity factors at horizontal polarization (ΔλZH) and differential reflectivities (ΔλZDR) exist for hailstones, whereas negligible differences exist for raindrops. These differences are enhanced for wet or melting hailstones. Further, these dual-frequency differences may be positive or negative, thereby defining four distinct quadrants in the ΔλZH–ΔλZDRparameter space that occur for narrow bands of hail sizes. DOW7 data from two hail-bearing storms are analyzed: one produced only small hail, and the other produced severe hail up to ~3.8 cm in diameter. The analysis reveals dual-frequency signals that are consistent with the scattering calculations for those sizes, including consistent changes in the signatures below the melting layer in the first storm as hailstones acquire more liquid meltwater and a shift in the ΔλZH–ΔλZDRparameter space over time as the second storm grew upscale and hail sizes decreased. Implications for further applications and suggestions about closely spaced dual-frequency observations at other wavelengths are discussed.
The Downward Influence of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings: Association with Tropospheric Precursors
Authors: White Ian , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Gerber Edwin P. , Jucker Martin , Aquila Valentina , Oman Luke D.
Published: October 2018

Tropospheric features preceding sudden stratospheric warming events (SSWs) are identified using a large compendium of events obtained from a chemistry–climate model. In agreement with recent observational studies, it is found that approximately one-third of SSWs are preceded by extreme episodes of wave activity in the lower troposphere. The relationship becomes stronger in the lower stratosphere, where ~60% of SSWs are preceded by extreme wave activity at 100 hPa. Additional analysis characterizes events that do or do not appear to subsequently impact the troposphere, referred to as downward and non-downward propagating SSWs, respectively. On average, tropospheric wave activity is larger preceding downward-propagating SSWs compared to non-downward propagating events, and associated in particular with a doubly strengthened Siberian high. Of the SSWs that were preceded by extreme lower-tropospheric wave activity, ~2/3 propagated down to the troposphere, and hence the presence of extreme lower-tropospheric wave activity can only be used probabilistically to predict a slight increase or decrease at the onset, of the likelihood of tropospheric impacts to follow. However, a large number of downward and non-downward propagating SSWs must be considered (>35), before the difference becomes statistically significant. The precursors are also robust upon comparison with composites consisting of randomly selected tropospheric northern annular mode (NAM) events. The downward influence and precursors to split and displacement events are also examined. It is found that anomalous upward wave-1 fluxes precede both cases. Splits exhibit a near instantaneous, barotropic response in the stratosphere and troposphere, while displacements have a stronger long-term influence.
Optimal control of large-scale singular linear systems via hierarchical strategy
Authors: Zamani Iman , Shafiee Masoud , Shafieirad Mohsen , Zeinali Mahdi
Published: October 2018

This paper states a hierarchical strategy of large-scale singular linear system in which the system is composed of J singular linear subsystems with interconnections. Among hierarchical strategies, the two-level optimization conditions based on Interaction Prediction Method (IPM) are derived such that whole large-scale singular system is optimized. Based on the two-level coordination method, the optimization analysis and controller design of large-scale singular linear system is discussed. For this purpose, two decentralized nonlinear state feedback controllers are designed for each subsystem, such that the whole closed-loop linear system is optimized. These conditions are used to extract two IPM algorithms. Then, by using both algorithms, two numerical examples are given to confirm the analytical results and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Race in Older but Not Younger Patients Associated With Greater Glycemic Burden in Primary Care Patients
Authors: Tucker Jane L. , Zoberi Kimberly A. , Hooks-Anderson Denise R. , Salas Joanne , Scherrer Jeffrey F.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine if race disparities in glycemic control differ in young vs older white and African American patients with diabetes.

Methods

Electronic medical record data were gathered from 1431 primary care patients ≥18 years old, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, who had ≥2 A1C measurements between July 1, 2008, and June 30, 2015. A1C values were used to compute the average monthly glycemic burden (AMGB). AMGB is the average monthly cumulative amount of A1C >7.5. Age-stratified (18-50 vs >50 years old) linear regression models were computed to measure the association between race and AMGB before and after adjusting for covariates.

Results

Younger compared to older patients had significantly greater AMGB. In younger patients, AMGB was not significantly different in African American vs white patients. In older patients, African Americans had significantly greater AMGB compared to whites, and this association remained significant after adjusting for all covariates in a linear regression model.

Conclusions

Results narrow the known race disparity in glycemic control to older African American patients. Substantial AMGB in white and African American younger patients warrants aggressive clinical and public health interventions that could help patients manage their diabetes and reduce their risk for diabetes-related health conditions.
The Effectiveness of Japan’s Community Centers in Facilitating Social Participation and Maintaining the Functional Capacity of Older People
Authors: Hosokawa Rikuya , Kondo Katsunori , Ito Michiyo , Miyaguni Yasuhiro , Mizutani Seiko , Goto Fumie , Abe Yoshinobu , Tsuge Yumi , Handa Yuko , Ojima Toshiyuki
Published: October 2018

This study examines the effectiveness of a community center in Japan at promoting social participation and sustaining its regular users’ functional capacity. The surveys were distributed to 108 physically and cognitively independent local older people; 72 responses were received. There were 16 regular users and 56 nonregular users. An inverse probability of treatment-weighted Poisson regression analysis was performed, and prevalence rate ratios were computed for social participation and functional capacity according to respondents’ use of the center. Results showed that using the center regularly facilitated social participation, contributing to the maintenance of living functions. Regular users’ social participation was promoted through opportunities in sports and volunteer organizations. Their living functions were maintained through instrumental self-maintenance and intellectual activity. Community centers evidently enable beneficial gatherings of older people, encourage social participation, and help to maintain higher level activities of daily living. Thus, they might offer effective preventative care for older people.
Decomposing Differences in Impacts on Survey- and Administrative-Measured Earnings From a Job Training Voucher Experiment
Authors: Moore Quinn , Perez-Johnson Irma , Santillano Robert
Published: October 2018

Background:

Differences in earnings measured using either survey or administrative data raise the question of which is preferred for program impact evaluations. This is especially true when the population of interest has varying propensities to be represented in either source.

Objectives:

We aim to study differences in impacts on earnings from a job training voucher experiment in order to demonstrate which source is most appropriate to interpret findings.

Research design:

Using study participants with survey-reported earnings, we decompose mean earnings differences across sources into those resulting from (1) differences in reported employment and (2) differences in reported earnings for those who are employed in both sources. We study factors related to these two sources of differences and demonstrate how impact estimates change when adjusting for them.

Results:

We find that differences in mean earnings are driven by differences in reported employment, but that differences in impacts are driven by differences in reported earnings for those employed in both data sources. Employment and worker characteristics explain much of the research group differences in earnings among the employed. Out-of-state employment, self-employment, and employment in low unemployment insurance (UI) coverage occupations contribute importantly to research group differences in survey- and UI-based employment levels. Employment in more than one job contributes to treatment group differences in earnings among the employed. All of these factors contribute substantially to the difference between survey- and UI-based earnings impact estimates.

Conclusion:

Findings underscore the relevance of UI coverage to estimated earnings impacts and suggest assessing employment impacts using both UI- and survey-based measures.
Does Substandard Performance Encourage Innovation Adoption?
Authors: Pasha Obed
Published: October 2018

What makes an organization innovative? This is an enduring question in literature with a variety of models explaining innovation adoption in public organizations. The study presented here contributes to this research by introducing substandard performance as a determinant of innovation adoption, using the example of the adoption of CompStat systems in U.S. police departments. CompStat is a significant innovation in policing that was first operationalized by the New York Police Department in the mid-1990s and is consistently gaining popularity among police departments in the United States and abroad. This study uses a survival analysis of 362 small to midsized U.S. police departments over a 14-year period. Event history and Cox proportional hazards modeling show that poor preadoption performance for violent crime is significantly related to CompStat adoption, and the weaker a department’s preadoption performance, the earlier it adopts CompStat. Property crime, on the contrary, is not found to have a significant impact on the adoption of CompStat.
A Monument and a Name: The Primary Purpose of Chronicles’ Genealogies
Authors: Janzen David
Published: October 2018

The primary purpose of the genealogies of 1 Chronicles 1–9 is to construct a monument to the pre-exilic dead of Judah and Israel, reflecting the important cultural value Judeans placed on the preservation of one's name after death. Ancient Near Eastern and archaeological evidence suggests that the preservation of ancestral names for many generations was something available only to the elite; by opening the work with a monument to the pre-exilic ancestral dead, the Chronicler implies readers would raise their cultural status by supporting a restoration of the pre-exilic polity. The Chronicler used the genealogies to reflect important themes of the work, but the one thing they do that narrative cannot is to create a literal monument to the dead.
Material Culture and Making Visible: On the Portrayal of Philistine Gath in the Book of Samuel
Authors: Pioske Daniel
Published: October 2018

Over the past twenty years our understanding of Philistine Gath's history (Tell es-Safl) has been transformed by what has been revealed through the site's early Iron Age remains. But what has received much less attention is the effect these ruins have on how we read references to the location within the Hebrew Bible. The intent of this study is to draw on the archaeological evidence produced from Tell es-Safl as an interpretive lens by which to consider the biblical portrayal of the site rendered in the book of Samuel, where the material traces of more amicable associations between Gath and highland populations invite us to reconsider the city's depiction in this ancient literary work.
Potential of Taxi-Pooling to Reduce Vehicle Miles Traveled in Washington, D.C.
Authors: Sun Yanshuo , Zhang Lei
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a pilot study of taxi-pooling in Washington, D.C. to demonstrate its potential for city-wide vehicle mileage reduction with real-world taxi trip data. In the taxi-pooling problem, riders specify their origins, destinations, earliest departure times, and latest arrival times. Taking all requests into consideration, the system dispatcher determines which requests can be grouped and thus served by one taxi, without violating any user-specified time windows and taxi capacity. This paper first presents a mathematical programming model whose objective is to minimize the system-wide vehicle miles traveled. Then an efficient solution approach to this problem is proposed. Results from analyzing the case of Washington, D.C. show that the total vehicle miles traveled can be reduced by 18% if the average buffer time in their travel schedule is 25% of their direct travel time.
Report on: “Internal urinary diversions and orthotopic bladder substitution: Personal experience” - Introduction
Authors: Lavelli D.
Published: October 2018

— The main types of internal urinary diversion and orthotopic bladder substitution are reviewed by the Author. The reasons for development and evolution of new techniques are explained in the text.
Bladder Orthotopic Substitution
Authors: Capizzi G. , Mazzonetto M. , Casagrande R. , Di Tonno F. , Lavelli D.
Published: October 2018

The Authors have briefly reviewed current literature regarding orthotopic bladder substitution. On the grounds of these preliminary considerations, the experience progressively acquired in our Department during the last three years has been reevaluated. The following techniques have been performed: Carney (without ileal detubularization), Reddy II (with partial detubularization), Carney II (with total detubularization) and VIP (with reconfiguration associated with total ileal detubularization). Our data show that the association of detubularization and reconfiguration seems to be the most suitable measure to guarantee construction of a continent, high-capacity, low-pressure reservoir.
Adrenal Cysts: Considerations and Case Report
Authors: Ravasi S. , Mensi M. , Remotti M. , Castello A. , Scoppetta F.P.
Published: October 2018

After reviewing literature regarding adrenal cysts, which are uncommon, often found accidentally and difficult to diagnose not least because of aspecific symptoms, the Authors report a case of giant right adrenal cysts which caused contra lateral displacement and morpho-functionally seriously compromised the right kidney. Treatment was successful by median laparotomic approach. Recent clinico-pathologic and immunohistochemical knowledge about endothelial type cysts and hemorrhagic pseudocysts help define the nosographic picture. Certain etiopathogenetic aspects are underlined, which lead back to a common vascular origin.
Kidney and Ureteral Disease during HIV Infection
Authors: Musci R. , Meroni T. , Andres M. , De Cobelli O. , Larcher P. , Franchini V.
Published: October 2018

Infection by Hiv virus affects the urogenital system in a minor percentage of cases in comparison to other organs such as the lungs, the central nervous system and the haemolymphopoietic system. In recent years however, with the continued spread of the disease, also urologists find themselves dealing with various urogenital pathologies that are presented in seropositive or fully-blown Aids patients. The Authors present their experience and describe the problems correlated to dealing with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients that are affected with urological pathologies.
A Case of Cystic Nephroma
Authors: Manca G.P. , Martina G. , Piras P. , Bordoni P.P. , D'Alpaos M. , Bernardi C. , Andreassi F.
Published: October 2018

The authors describe an uncommon case of cystic nephroma. They define the histologic characteristics which lead to correct diagnosis, while showing how difficult preoperative diagnosis is (ultrasound, CT, angiography). They discuss treatment and affirm that nephrectomy is still the choice operation in relation to the potential malignity of the lesion.
Iatrogenic Urological Lesions in Vascular Surgery: Uretero-Arterial Fistula after Positioning of “double J” for Ureteral Stenosis after Aorto-Phemoral Bypass
Authors: Contemori G. , Omacini S. , Bolgan A. , Delli Ponti U. Santucci , Petracco S.
Published: October 2018

The Authors report the case of a patient with double iatrogenic complications: 1) ureteral obstruction secondary to vascular bypass surgery; 2) uretero-arterial fistula after positioning of an indwelling double J ureteral stent. The increasing frequency of these complications stresses the need for utmost care regarding urinary tract integrity after vascular surgery and the choice, positioning and functioning of ureteral stents.
Indicazioni al trattamento della calcolosi urinaria con ESWL: Indications for treatment of urolithiasis with ESWL
Authors: Fornasini F.
Published: October 2018

The wide-spread use of ESWL, especially if performed with anesthesia-free equipment, in treating urolithiasis patients, is justified by low rates in morbidity and complications. The best cost-benefit ratio and special applications are reviewed.
Cost-efficacy analysis of ESWL treatments
Authors: Rainer W.
Published: October 2018

To compare two alternative treatments for renal stones, ESWL and surgery, we calculated the cost-efficacy parameter that creates an assessment index for a medical method without having to express the results in economical terms. The cost-efficacy index for ESWL treatments (n. = 50, C/E = 3.395.000) is generally less than that for surgical procedures (n. = 40, C/E = 6.975.000), except for stones with a diameter greater than 2 cm. (n. = 10, C/E = 8.893.000).
Anesthesiology management in pheochromocytoma
Authors: Furino A. , Bavoso P. , Massagli C.
Published: October 2018

Anesthesiology techniques used for pheochromocytoma are reviewed and the author's personal experience compared to that of other authors. The importance of localising the neoplasia site, the accuracy of preoperative treatment and perioperative monitoring are discussed. These points are considered by the authors to be of fundamental importance to a complication-free postoperative course.
Riflessioni: Concerning demographic projections of urological cancer
Authors: Rimondi A.P.
Published: October 2018

Changes in cancer incidence over time are the results of 2 factors. The first is the size and composition of the populations in the different areas: incidence rates are closely related to age, so any ageing of the populations will produce an increase in the crude incidence rates. The second factor is a change in the actual risk of different cancers, generally expressed as some form of age-standardized rate. The incidence rates and numbers of cases of urological cancers (excluding testicular cancer) are estimated in our province upon the actual size of the population and upon the projections of the same to the year 2015.

Due to an increasing life-span, substantial increases in incidence rates were observed in the “elderly” group, especially in the age range 55–74 and over 75. The implications for cancer control and treatment will be discussed.
Valuation of the patient and the surgical and anesthesiological risk
Authors: Palù M. , Borin P. , Franceschi F.
Published: October 2018

35% of elderly patients are ASA 1. The patients' chronological age is less important than their biological age and whether they suffer from diseases affecting the cardiovascular and respiratory apparatus. The correct anesthesiological technique together with a suitable surgical technique reduces postoperative morbidity. The postoperative period, being subject to early and late complications, is highly critical.
Pre and post-operative total parenteral nutrition: When and why
Authors: Fiorello M. , Ferro G. , Ligato P. , Pizzarella M. , Invidiato F. , Olfeni R. , Pegoraro V.
Published: October 2018

Surgical trauma can sometimes seriously impair the body feed-back mechanism because of consequent stress and fasting. In these cases alimentary requirements are satisfactorily fulfilled by total parenteral nutrition. As a result of our experience we think that a total parenteral nutrition program should be reserved for selected patients.
Total androgenic blockade as treatment of prostatic cancer: Our experience with orchiectomy plus antiandrogens
Authors: Diambrini M. , Villanova A. , Lombardi R.
Published: October 2018

The Authors studied 120 prostatic cancers in a 16-year retrospective study: 68 of them (57%) were stage D and 32 (29%) stage C tumors. Global survival rate of the case reports related to staging was similar to that reported in literature. There was a statistically significant difference between the survival of the group treated by antiandrogens alone and the group treated by total androgenic blockade. The latter was obtained by orchiectomy plus antiandrogens. The increase of the survival rate in the group treated by total androgenic blockade encourage its use “ab initio” for the treatment of metastatic tumor of the prostate.
Proposal of a ruler for studying parameters of the nocturnal penile tumescence test by Rigiscan
Authors: Barra S. , Iacono F.
Published: October 2018

The evaluation of nocturnal erection, represents an essential test in uninvasive diagnostics of erection insufficiency. Most authors agree in considering the Nocturnal Penile Tumescence Test as the “first step” in evaluating impotence, especially if it is performed at the patient's domicile. The Authors have developed a ruler, enabling suitable information to be obtained as to the best erection event, which is selected and enlarged after 1 hour.
Neuro-pharmacologic control of bladder voiding. Pharmacologic therapy of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia concerning 162 patients
Authors: Ronzoni G. , De Vecchis M. , Raschi R. , Nucci G. , De Giovanni L. , Zanollo Alberto , Zanollo Alberto
Published: October 2018

The Authors refer to current opinions regarding the neuro-pharmacologic control of bladder voiding. They report their experience concerning 162 patients with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia: 86 pts were affected by multiple sclerosis and 76 by neurobladder after spinal cord injury.
Functional anatomy of the pelvic floor
Authors: Minini G.F.
Published: October 2018

— The anatomy of the pelvic floor is revaluated from a functional viewpoint. The normal topographic seat of pelvic viscera is guaranteed by two systems: the support system and the suspension system. The first is represented by muscle and aponeurotic structures of the pelvic floor. The second by ligaments dependent on the endopelvic fascia. Both systems act as a functional unit. Alteration in the anterior component of the suspension system, is one of the most important causes of cystourethrocele and stress incontinence in women.
Round Table: “Urinary diversion” - Prevention of complications
Authors: Pisani E. , Mandressi A. , Del Nero A. , Dell'Orto P.
Published: October 2018

— The Authors take into consideration the different techniques of urinary diversion; in the light of their findings, they reviewed the most important complications following urinary diversion and the possibilities of their prevention.
Pathology of the urinary diversion
Authors: Boccafoschi C. , Annoscia S. , Lozzi C. , Tiranti D.
Published: October 2018

— The Authors describe the main pathological findings following urinary diversion, describing for each one the patho-physiological factors. The subjects are classified and treated following criteria proper to Urologic General Pathology (i.e. stasis, reflux, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, lithogenesis, carcinogenesis, etc.) rather than describing the relevant complications for each diversion.
Use of markers in the diagnosis and follow-up of metastases
Authors: Trinchieri A.
Published: October 2018

— Tumor markers are antigens which can be associated with certain malignancies. A variety of markers have been proposed for genitourinary tumors. The best known examples are human chorionic gonadotropin (bHCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for testicular tumors, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) for prostatic cancer. The plasma levels of these substances are influenced by the tumor mass and therefore by the tumor stage. Plasma levels can be markedly high when metastases are present, though a few patients without metastases may elaborate an abnormal amount of markers. The removal of the primary tumor leads to a fall to normal levels: a continuing high level indicates residual primary tumor or the presence of metastases. Measurements of markers are also of value in estimating the effects of medical treatment and in detecting local or distant recurrences.
Surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases. 127 cases
Authors: Maggi G. , Casadio C. , Molinatti M. , Cianci R. , Filosso P.L. , Giobbe R. , Porrello C.
Published: October 2018

— The Authors analyse the success of surgical treatment for pulmonary metastasis on the basis of survival rate. The case histories of 127 patients are analysed and compared to those in literature.
Laparoscopic Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection: Considerations and Technique
Authors: Muto G. , Moroni M.
Published: October 2018

44 men scheduled for radical prostatectomy were alternately designated to undergo either open (24) or laparoscopic (20) pelvic lymphadenectomy. The technique is described. Tumour stage, grade and PSA serum level are reported for each group as well as the number and site of lymph node metastases found in both groups. External iliac lymph nodes must be included in the lymphadenectomy because of their frequent neoplastic involvment. The number of lymph node metastases is much higher in patients with stage B2-C, Mostofi grade 3 or Gleason score 6 or more and PSA serum level of 20 ng/ml or more; in this group of patients, laparoscopic surgery may become the method of choice for assessing lymph node status.
Laparoscopic Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Superficial Bladder Cancer
Authors: Daniele C. , Carluccio F. , Romano A. , Simone M. , Ughi G. , Spisani L
Published: October 2018

The Authors propose a new approach to the diagnosis and treatment of superficial bladder cancer. They focus on T1–G2 multifocal tumours and T1–G3, also if monofocal, that have a high incidence of lymph node involvement. In these cases, they perform pelvic laparoscopic lymph node dissection, thus obtaining an accurate diagnosis with a minimally invasive technique.
Erectile Impotence from Veno-Occlusive Dysfunction: Our Experience and Present Diagnostic-Therapeutic Indications
Authors: Meazza A. , Nebulone V. , Musso L , Pachera F. , Reali G. , Sorboli G.
Published: October 2018

The authors evaluate erectile impotence from veno-occlusive dysfunction, concentrating on diagnostic techniques, both invasive and non-invasive, and appropriate treatment. In particular dynamic testing is reviewed, where a vasoactive drug, Papaverine or more recently PGE1, is injected into one of the corpora cavernosa. Measurement of blood flow velocity with Doppler ultrasonography allows a functional evaluation, while radiographic images during cavernosography give an anatomical view of the erectile abnormality. A review of case histories and partial follow-up of patients has confirmed the actual precision of the diagnostic methods and various therapeutic approaches.
Day Hospital and resources utilization: A DRG-analysis of the relationship between costs and benefits
Authors: Minari R. , Salsi P. , Federici F. , Monica B. , Santini R.
Published: October 2018

We present the results of our analysis on the operative efficiency of the Day Hospital since it opened on 27/04/92 in the Division of Urology of ULSS 4 Parma. This study has been performed by comparing both median stays in hospital for the numerically more representative surgical operations (prostatectomy, TURP, TURV) and by using the DRG system. The DRG specific cost for every hospitalization has also been calculated. Both systems show an increase in the number of treated cases and a decrease in the average hospitalization. This positive trend has been confirmed by the analysis of the costs.
Randomised controlled study with cyproterone acetate (100 mg/die) versus Pygeum africanum (200 mg/die) in benign prostatic hypertrophy
Authors: Pavone-Macaluso M. , Alcini E. , Bono A. , Consoli C. , Jacobellis U. , Lotti T. , Miano L. , Micali F. , Paoletti P.P. , Polito M. , Selvaggi F. , Zanollo A.
Published: October 2018

A multi-centre comparative study was carried out on 143 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and reduced or no sexual activity. 74 patients were treated with a low dose of CPA (100 mg a day) and 69 with PYG (200 mg a day), administered orally and assigned randomly. The patients were evaluated at 4,12 and 24 weeks. Results showed a significant statistical difference in favour of the CPA treatment for almost all parameters (flow, post-micturitional residue, symptomatological score). There was a decrease in prostate volume, equal to 19.3% compared to the initial values, only in those patients treated with CPA who completed the treatment. Considerable improvement in nicturia and micturitional urgency was noted in about half the patients, without a significant difference between the two groups.
Liposarcoma of the renal capsule. Case description
Authors: Mahlknecht A. , Gallmetzer J.
Published: October 2018

Liposarcoma of the renal capsule is a very rare mesenchymal tumour. Since the tumour presents with signs of a solid renal mass, correct preoperative diagnosis is usually difficult. Urography, ultrasound and CT do not always make it possible to distinguish a parenchymal from a capsular mass. The most useful investigation seems to be renal arteriography. In this report a case of capsular liposarcoma is presented. The difficulties of preoperative diagnosis are discussed.
Traumatic Dislocation of the Testis: Case Report
Authors: Cebrelli T. , Mensi M. , Ravasi S. , Scoppetta F.P.
Published: October 2018

The Authors report their recent experience on a case of traumatic dislocation of the testis. A rapid analysis of literature the usual highlights mechanism (motorcycle accident) different anatomic types and diagnostic and therapeutic behaviour.
Fabrication and characterization of collagen–hydroxyapatite-based composite scaffolds containing doxycycline via freeze-casting method for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Semyari Hossein , Salehi Majid , Taleghani Ferial , Ehterami Arian , Bastami Farshid , Jalayer Toktam , Semyari Hadis , Hamed Nabavi Mir , Semyari Hassan
Published: October 2018

In this study, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles containing 10% doxycycline, a structural isomer of tetracycline, was prepared by the co-precipitation method. It was added to collagen solution for the preparation of the scaffold with freeze-casting method in order to develop a composite scaffold with both antibacterial and osteoinductive properties for repairing bone defects. The scaffolds were evaluated regarding their morphology, porosity, degradation and cellular response. The scaffolds for further investigation were added in a rat calvaria defect model. The study showed that after eight weeks, the bone formation was relatively higher in the collagen/nano-hydroxyapatite/doxycycline group with completely filled defect when compared with other groups. Histopathological evaluation showed that the defect in the collagen/nano-hydroxyapatite/doxycycline group was fully replaced by the new bone and connective tissue. Our results provide evidence supporting the possible applicability of doxycycline-containing scaffolds for successful bone regeneration.
Children, Parental Alcohol Consumption, and Intimate Partner Violence: A Multicountry Analysis by Perpetration Versus Victimization and Sex
Authors: Graham Kathryn , Bernards Sharon , Laslett Anne-Marie , Gmel Gerhard , Kuntsche Sandra , Wilsnack Sharon , Bloomfield Kim , Grittner Ulrike , Taft Angela , Wilson Ingrid , Wells Samantha
Published: October 2018

Both living with children and alcohol consumption are positively associated with intimate partner violence (IPV). We assessed their combined relationship with physical IPV (P-IPV) victimization and perpetration, and explored possible moderating roles of sex and culture. Data included 15 surveys of 13,716 men and 17,832 women in 14 countries from the GENACIS (Gender, Alcohol, and Culture: An International Study) collaboration. P-IPV was measured as victim of physical aggression by an intimate partner (Vic-Only), perpetrator of physical aggression toward a partner (Perp-Only), or both victim and perpetrator (i.e., bidirectional) (Bi-Dir). Participants reported whether they lived with children below 18 years of age, whether the participant was a drinker/abstainer, and, among drinkers, usual frequency and quantity of alcohol consumed. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression, controlling for age and nesting of data within countries, indicated that Vic-Only, Perp-Only, and Bi-Dir (compared with no P-IPV) were positively associated with living with children, being a drinker, and quantity/frequency of drinking among drinkers (especially higher quantity). The positive association of P-IPV with living with children and being a drinker was evident within most countries. Significant interactions with sex were found, with (a) living with children more strongly associated with Perp-Only for men and Vic-Only for women, and (b) Perp-Only and Bi-Dir more strongly associated with being a drinker for men but with quantity consumed for women. Also, alcohol consumption was more strongly related to Perp-Only and Bi-Dir than with Vic-Only. In conclusion, higher risk of P-IPV with alcohol consumption is compounded when living with children—putting children who live with drinkers, especially drinkers who consume large amounts per occasion, at special risk of exposure to P-IPV. This is an important area for future research and prevention.
Failure of Policy Initiatives in Regulating Health Professional Education: The Case of Dental Education in India
Authors: Mohan Malu , Ravindran T. K. Sundari
Published: October 2018

Health professional education and careers have witnessed major changes across the world during the last two decades of the twentieth century, and India is no exception to this. This article examines the current situation of dental education in India and explores the processes which have led to its commercialization, despite the existence of policy initiatives specifically intended for its regulation. Using the health policy triangle framework of Walt and Gilson, we attempt to understand the contexts and processes of commercialization of dental education and the development of the major regulatory policy initiatives in the sector. Secondary data analysis (regarding the growth of dental education), document analysis (policy and legal) and literature review (about higher education in India specifically medical and dental) are the methods used. The analysis brings to light the failure of policy initiatives in the past three decades by the regulatory bodies of the country, to curb the uncontrolled growth and commercialization of dental education. The Indian experience brings home the critical lesson that drafting relevant policies will not guarantee results, especially when they are to be implemented in the absence of a favourable political climate.
Use of Children’s Literature to Support an Emerging Curriculum Model of Education for Sustainable Development for Young Learners
Authors: Bhagwanji Yash , Born Patty
Published: October 2018

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is an educational imperative that requires supporting young learners in developing awareness about–and exploring–concepts, topics and vocabulary of significant importance in environmental education. Chawla (2009, Journal of Developmental Processes, 4(1), pp. 6–23) identified two factors that predicted pro-environment behaviours: (a) direct experience in nature and (b) second-hand learning such as through books and stories. By using carefully selected children’s books that affirm and underscore children’s relationships with nature, classroom teachers and programme leaders can support inquiry-based learning in a recurring and interrelated fashion. Additionally, a wide range of constructs and content embedded within the realm of environmental education can be explored through carefully selected children’s reading materials.
Customization of Avatars in a HPV Digital Gaming Intervention for College-Age Males: An Experimental Study
Authors: Darville Gabrielle , Anderson – Lewis Charkarra , Stellefson Michael , Lee Yu-Hao , MacInnes Jann , Pigg R. Morgan , Gilbert Juan E. , Thomas Sanethia
Published: October 2018

Background.Digital games are increasingly popular among college age men and present themselves as an ideal platform to deliver HPV interventions. Customizing avatars in role playing games encourage intrinsic motivation in the learning process because of self-representation. Proteus Effect research suggests that the representations people make are an adaption of their actual/ ideal self and dictate how one conforms to the expectations and identity cues of their avatar. Objective/Purpose: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a digital gaming intervention aimed at increasing HPV risk perceptions, self- efficacy and behavioral intention to receive the HPV vaccine among college age men (18 - 26).

Methods. This randomized control trial employed a 2 X 2 fully-crossed between subjects and tested the effects of avatar characters (assigned/customized) and perception of self (ideal/actual) on HPV risk perception, HPV vaccine self-efficacy and behavioral intent to receive the HPV vaccine. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions.

Results. A Factorial ANOVA with repeated measures and a between subjects’ factor (split plot) was used to test for the differences between the means of the outcome variables. Despite having no main or interaction effect our analysis did report a significant main effect of using a pre-post design with the experiment as a stimulus.

Discussion/Conclusion. For experimental data, customizing an avatar to look like one’s actual self increases risk perception for the HPV virus and self – efficacy for the HPV vaccine whereas customizing an avatar to look like one’s ideal self increases one’s intent to receive the HPV vaccine.
Factors Associated With Educational Support in Young Adolescents With ADHD
Authors: Zendarski Nardia , Sciberras Emma , Mensah Fiona , Hiscock Harriet
Published: October 2018

Objective: This study aimed to examine patterns of use and factors associated with education support use in students with ADHD during early adolescence. Method: Participants were 130 adolescents ( M = 13.7 years, SD = 1.1) with ADHD. Educational support use and the factors associated with use were collected by parent and teacher questionnaires and standardized academic tests during the 2014-2015 school years. Support rates and categories are described. Logistic regression models examine individual, family, and school variables associated with support versus no support. Results: About two thirds of students with ADHD (60%) had accessed education support in the current school year, which included social support (36%), Individualized Educational Plans (IEPs; 22%), Student Support Groups (SSGs; 18%), counseling (17%), mentoring (15%), and homework support (9%). Academic risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.03, 5.14], p = .04), behavioral problems (adjusted OR = 1.47, 95% CI = [1.01, 2.14], p = .047), and attending a Catholic school (adjusted OR = 5.10, 95% CI = [1.59, 16.42], p = .006) were associated with receiving support independent of adolescent age, gender, ADHD medication use, and socioeconomic status. Conclusions: Future research needs to determine whether education support makes a difference to long-term outcomes for students with ADHD and to determine why some students at academic risk receive no support.
Actively Involving Middle School Students in the Implementation of a Pilot of a Behavioral Economics–Based Lunchroom Intervention in Rural Schools
Authors: Askelson Natoshia M. , Brady Patrick , Ryan Grace , Meier Cristian , Ortiz Cristina , Scheidel Carrie , Delger Patti
Published: October 2018

School-based interventions can play an important role in improving childhood and adolescent nutrition and preventing obesity. Schools offer a unique opportunity to implement policy, systems, and environmental interventions targeting healthy eating behaviors. An intervention was piloted in six middle schools featuring behavioral economics–based changes to the lunchroom, communication training, and communicate cues for food service staff. The pilot study employed a multicomponent evaluation with students and food service directors and staff including a lunchroom assessment, online surveys, production records, and interviews. Five schools increased their scores on the lunchroom assessment tool, and four schools increased the number of servings produced of healthy food items. Interviews with food service directors indicated the interventions was feasible and well received. School-based policy, systems, and environmental interventions targeting healthy eating behaviors may play a role in preventing obesity in children and adolescents.
Analytical solution for one-dimensional consolidation of double-layered soil with exponentially time-growing drainage boundary
Authors: Wu Wenbing , Zong Mengfan , El Naggar M Hesham , Mei Guoxiong , Liang Rongzhu
Published: October 2018

In this article, the exponentially time-growing drainage boundary is introduced to study the one-dimensional consolidation problem of double-layered soil. First, the one-dimensional consolidation equations of soil underlying a time-dependent loading are established. Then, the analytical solution of excess pore water pressure and average consolidation degree is obtained by utilizing the method of separation of variables when the soil layer is separately undergone instantaneous load and single-stage load. The validity of the present solution is proven by the comparison with other existing analytical solution. Finally, the influence of soil properties and loading scheme on the consolidation behavior of soil is investigated in detail. The results indicate that, the present solution can be degraded to Xie’s solution utilizing Terzaghi’s drainage boundary by adjusting the interface parameter, that is to say, Xie’s solution can be regarded as a special case of the present solution. The interface parameter has a significant influence on the excess pore water pressure of soil, and the larger interface parameter means the better drainage capacity of the soil layer.