bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Genomics Reveal Potential Resistance Mechanisms of PANoptosis‐Associated Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Liang Cong , Long Zhiqing , Lei Mengjie , Ding Ran , Chen Mengke
Published: January 2025

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is marked by the proliferation of abnormal myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow and blood, leading to low cure rates despite new drug approvals from 2017 to 2018. Current therapies often fail due to the emergence of drug resistance mechanisms, such as those involving anti‐apoptotic pathways and immune evasion, highlighting an urgent need for novel approaches to overcome these limitations. Programmed cell death (PCD) is crucial for tissue homeostasis, with PANoptosis—a form of PCD integrating pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis—recently identified. This process, regulated by the PANoptosome complex, could be key to overcoming AML drug resistance. Targeting multiple PCD pathways simultaneously may prove more effective than single‐target therapies. Research suggests that disrupting anti‐apoptotic mechanisms, such as those involving Bcl‐2, can enhance drug sensitivity in AML. This study hypothesizes that PANoptosis‐associated resistance genes (PARGs) play a critical role in AML drug resistance by modulating immune responses and offers a multi‐faceted approach to tackle this challenge. Using RNA sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, we performed differential expression analysis to identify significantly dysregulated PARGs in AML. Regression analysis identified prognostic PARGs, bridging a key gap in understanding how these genes contribute to treatment resistance. We then verified their expression in AML cell lines and cell samples treated with cytarabine using RT‐qPCR. Hierarchical clustering revealed distinct PARG expression patterns, and functional enrichment analysis highlighted their involvement in immune‐related pathways. The combination of bioinformatics and experimental validation underscores how these genes may mediate immune modulation in drug resistance, providing a robust framework for further study. Our findings suggest that PARGs contribute to AML resistance by modulating immune responses and provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention. This study highlights the potential of targeting PARGs to improve treatment outcomes in AML. By analyzing the expression changes of these genes in response to standard clinical treatments, we provide a framework for developing multi‐target therapeutic strategies that simultaneously disrupt multiple programmed cell death pathways. Such an approach directly addresses the limitations of current treatments by offering a method to enhance drug sensitivity and mitigate resistance, potentially improving survival rates. Our findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive understanding of PCD mechanisms and pave the way for innovative treatments that could significantly impact AML management.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): from mechanistic insights to therapeutic strategies
Authors: Xie Rongli , Tan Dan , Liu Boke , Xiao Guohui , Gong Fangchen , Zhang Qiyao , Qi Lei , Zheng Sisi , Yuan Yuanyang , Yang Zhitao , Chen Ying , Fei Jian , Xu Dan
Published: January 2025

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome of acute hypoxic respiratory failure caused by diffuse lung inflammation and edema. ARDS can be precipitated by intrapulmonary factors or extrapulmonary factors, which can lead to severe hypoxemia. Patients suffering from ARDS have high mortality rates, including a 28‐day mortality rate of 34.8% and an overall in‐hospital mortality rate of 40.0%. The pathophysiology of ARDS is complex and involves the activation and dysregulation of multiple overlapping and interacting pathways of systemic inflammation and coagulation, including the respiratory system, circulatory system, and immune system. In general, the treatment of inflammatory injuries is a coordinated process that involves the downregulation of proinflammatory pathways and the upregulation of anti‐inflammatory pathways. Given the complexity of the underlying disease, treatment needs to be tailored to the problem. Hence, we discuss the pathogenesis and treatment methods of affected organs, including 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19)‐related pneumonia, drowning, trauma, blood transfusion, severe acute pancreatitis, and sepsis. This review is intended to provide a new perspective concerning ARDS and offer novel insight into future therapeutic interventions.
Asian American Parenting and Youth Mental Health Outcomes: A Literature Review
Authors: Yu Toni , Yuen Connie , Yu Zhiyuan
Published: January 2025

Contrary to the “model minority” stereotype of being exceptionally healthy and successful, Asian American (AA) youth experience mental health disparities and are less likely to seek help. In 2020, suicide was the leading cause of death for AA youth aged 10–19. Parenting is essential for promoting youth mental health, and AA parenting is unique in the context of acculturation and enculturation. However, the impact of parenting on youth mental health among AA families remains underexplored and unsynthesized. This review aims to synthesize existing literature from 2003 onward on parenting and mental health outcomes among AA youth. Four databases were searched, yielding 44 articles published after 2003 for inclusion. Empirical studies meeting the following criteria were included: population focused on AA youth, study conducted in the U.S., included a mental health outcome, and included a parenting measure. Findings emphasize the importance of parenting in shaping the mental health outcomes of AA youth. Intergenerational acculturation gaps and family conflicts are associated with increased mental health risks, while parental warmth/support and family cohesion serve as protective factors. These findings highlight the need for culturally tailored parenting interventions to improve AA youth mental health. Future research should evaluate or adapt existing evidence‐based parenting programs to ensure cultural appropriateness and effectiveness in improving mental health of AA youth, ultimately reducing mental health disparities.
Transient shear wave elastometry using a portable magnetic resonance sensor
Authors: Selby William , Garland Phil , Mastikhin Igor
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) provides detailed maps of tissue stiffness, helping to diagnose various health conditions, but requires the use of expensive clinical MRI scanners. Our approach utilizes compact, cost‐effective portable MR sensors that offer bulk characterization of material properties in a region of interest close to the surface (within 1–2 cm). This accessible instrument could enable routine monitoring and prevention of diseases not readily evaluated with conventional tools.

Methods

The method was tested on tissue‐mimicking phantoms with varying stiffness. The gels were excited with acoustic pulses (one cycle of a sinusoidal waveform) at a fixed distance from the MR sensor. A series of delays between acoustic excitation and MR signal detection allowed time for the pulse to travel to the sensitive region.

Results

The “arrival time” of the shear wave, determined by the time‐dependent MR signal response, was used to calculate the shear wave speed. MR measurements of shear wave speed were compared with optical sensor measurements and manufacturer‐tabulated values, aligning with expected relative differences between samples.

Conclusion

A portable MR‐based transient elastometry technique for measuring tissue elasticity was developed and demonstrated on tissue‐mimicking phantoms. Future improvements include using a new portable magnet to investigate depth‐dependent changes in elasticity in stratified samples and integrating MR relaxation and diffusion measurements for comprehensive tissue analysis. This approach can complement conventional MRE in applications where a portable, affordable, and localized assessment of tissue stiffness is required.
Clinical Significance of Intracerebral Multiple SWI Low Signal Intensities on MRI in Patients With Extracerebral Sepsis
Authors: Koike Hirofumi , Morikawa Minoru , Ideguchi Reiko , Toya Ryo
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose

Sepsis can cause sepsis‐associated encephalopathy and resulting disorder of consciousness, with small hemorrhagic lesions visible in SWI. We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of these small lesions, termed multiple SWI low signal intensities, in patients with sepsis‐associated encephalopathy.

Methods

We retrospectively examined the SWI scans of 107 patients, of whom 18 had multiple SWI low signal intensities on MRI and 89 did not. We then compared clinical data between the two patient groups. Furthermore, we scored the numbers of these low signal intensities (0 lesions: 0 points; 1–2 lesions: 1 point; 3–10 lesions: 2 points; > 10 lesions: 3 points) in each of seven locations (subcortical, anterior/posterior circulation of cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, corpus callosum, brainstem, and cerebellum). We then investigated the correlations between total multiple SWI low signal intensity scores and sepsis severity.

Results

Compared with the group without multiple SWI low signal intensities, the group with these intensities had significantly higher sequential organ failure assessment scores (p < 0.001), fibrinogen degradation products (p < 0.001), D‐dimer (p < 0.001), procalcitonin (p < 0.001), and bacteremia rates (p = 0.007). They also had lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores (p < 0.001). Furthermore, total multiple SWI low signal intensity scores were negatively correlated with Glasgow Coma Scale scores (R = −0.5942, p = 0.0093) and positively correlated with procalcitonin (R = 0.5094, p = 0.0308).

Conclusions

Intracerebral multiple SWI low signal intensities were relatively common following extracranial sepsis and correlated with sepsis severity and disorder of consciousness.
Optimizing CT Scan Parameters for Dry Archaeological Bones: A Qualitative Study as a First Step Towards Standardizing CT Acquisition Protocols
Authors: Martin‐Champetier Antoine , Petit Philippe , Dabadie Alexia , Lasorak Marin , Chaumoitre Kathia , Panuel Michel , Ardagna Yann
Published: January 2025

Even though the use of CT scan examinations is often required in paleopathology, the method for performing a CT scan on archaeological dry bones has received little attention. Eight different CT acquisition parameters and positions on the CT table were evaluated using five healthy tibiae (including three immature bones), four healthy vertebrae (including three immature bones), and four pathological mature bones, all in a good state of preservation. The images obtained were blindly evaluated in a psychophysical and subjective manner by four evaluators with varying levels of experience in radiology. The evaluators preferred a tube voltage of 100 kV or less, or expressed no preference, in 90.4% of cases (p < 0.001). For tube current, no preference was noted in 57.7% of cases (p < 0.001), but when a preference was given, a value between 100 and 200 mAs was chosen in 95.5% of cases. The thinnest slices and centered positioning within the gantry, both vertically and laterally, were favored in 100% of cases (p < 0.001). There was no preference for the size of the field of view in 42.3% of cases. The positioning of the bone in the headrest was preferred in 71.2% of cases (p < 0.001), particularly for immature bones. Preferences regarding the elevation of the bone using a cardboard box were not significant (p = 0.07). We therefore recommend using a tube voltage of 80 kV, a tube current between 100 and 200 mAs, the thinnest possible slice thickness, and a field of view minimized according to the CT scanner's capabilities. Bones should be positioned in the headrest, perfectly centered both vertically and laterally within the gantry. However, these conclusions are based on a limited number of bones and types of bones, all in a good state of preservation, highlighting the need for further research.
Examining the Relationship Between Daily Academic Hassles, Academic Buoyancy, Flourishing, and Mental and Physical Health Issues Among Taiwanese High School Students
Authors: Wang Chih‐Hung , Hong Fu‐Yuan , Hsu Tzu‐Yuan
Published: January 2025

Previous studies have explored the relationship between students' school stress and resilience but have largely overlooked the relationship between students' daily academic hassles and buoyancy. Although the close relationship between academic buoyancy and achievement has been confirmed, using the academic buoyancy perspective to explain the relationship between flourishing and mental health problems is lacking in current research. Therefore, this study analyzes the relationship between four variables: daily academic hassles, academic buoyancy, flourishing, and mental health problems among Taiwanese high school students. This study's major contributions are as follows: (1) this study found that daily academic hassles can negatively predict academic buoyancy; (2) academic buoyancy can positively predict flourishing; (3) daily academic hassles can negatively predict flourishing and positively predict physical and mental health problems; (4) academic buoyancy negatively predicted physical and mental health problems; (5) the negative correlation between flourishing and physical and mental health problems; (6) the relationship between daily academic hassles and physical and mental health problems is mediated by academic buoyancy and flourishing. Finally, the study discusses the results and proposes relevant recommendations for schools, teachers, students, and future research.
An Empty Scoping Review of Emergency Department to School Transition for Youth With Mental Health Concerns
Authors: Henderson Smith Lora , Warren Emily , Hendrickson Natalie , Joshua Kate
Published: January 2025

The number of youth emergency department (ED) visits due to mental health concerns has been steadily increasing with a large number of youth being referred from school. Despite the increase in ED visits, there has not been an increase in the number of students who are actually admitted to the hospital. Furthermore, youth referred from school are more likely to be discharged from the ED. Given the unique relationship between school and ED referrals and the large number of youth who do not require hospitalization, this study sought to understand how schools are supporting students who return to school after an ED visit. We conducted a scoping review to identify programs and practices to support ED‐to‐school transition. Two reviewers screened 907 manuscripts, but none of the manuscripts met the inclusion criteria. We discuss the importance of supporting students returning to school from the ED and draw from the literature on hospital‐to‐school transition to make recommendations for school psychologists and educators more broadly.
How Teachers' Mindsets of Empathy Influence Compassion Fatigue: Serial Mediating Roles of Empathy and Professional Identity Among Chinese Kindergarten Teachers
Authors: Chen Fangyan , Ge Yabo , Zhang Yiwen , Song Sheng , Xu Wenjun
Published: January 2025

The field of education has long emphasized the importance of kindergarten teachers perceiving and understanding students' thoughts and feelings and expressing concern, commonly referred to as teacher empathy. However, little work has focused on the “cost of caring,” such as compassion fatigue, particularly among kindergarten teachers, which poses a significant threat to their physical and mental health. To identify the factors that shape compassion fatigue and explore the mechanisms underlying these relationships, a serial mediation model was proposed involving mindsets of empathy, teacher empathy, professional identity, and compassion fatigue. In the present study, self‐report measures were administered to 2256 kindergarten teachers to assess the major variables. The serial mediation model was evaluated using the Process macro software, and the results showed that compassion fatigue can be significantly and negatively predicted by mindsets of empathy, with teacher empathy and professional identity mediating this relationship among kindergarten teachers. These findings substantially contribute to the understanding of compassion fatigue among kindergarten teachers and provide valuable implications for its interventions.
Effective research communication in education: Early years practitioners' views of research summaries
Authors: Woollacott Bethany
Published: January 2025

For educational research findings to impact educational practice, effective communication is essential. One communication device is a summary that consolidates research literature and presents it in a practitioner‐friendly format. There has been little research on how to design educational research summaries effectively, especially not for early years practitioners. In this study, I interviewed eight early years practitioners aiming to understand how they engage with research summaries. I collated a booklet of five research summaries to stimulate discussion during semi‐structured interviews. I identified five overarching themes across the interviews using reflexive thematic analysis, most of which reflected and enhanced findings from the existing research‐practice literature. For example, writing style and aesthetic design affected practitioners' engagement and reading strategies, where practitioners reported issues with excessively ‘wordy’ summaries and summaries written by authors without teaching experience. Practitioners reported lack of time to engage with research, which particularly influenced their preference for explicit practical implications over theoretical knowledge, despite showing that they were capable of critically reflecting on the research given the opportunity. These insights suggest that time—rather than ability—may be particularly problematic for recent attempts encouraging practitioners to actively engage with research. There were also some early years specific barriers, including that most summaries relate to older children who can read or write and therefore have limited relevance for early years. These findings deepen our current understanding of how education practitioners engage with research, providing specific direction for future research which meets practitioners' needs and contributes towards narrowing the research‐practice gap.
Multistage Synchronous Telescopic Manipulator With End‐Effector–Biased Rotating‐Pulling Mode for Damage‐Free Robotic Picking
Authors: Du Xiaoqiang , Meng Zhichao , Wang Yawei , Li Yuechan , Ma Zenghong , He Leiying , Lu Wenwu , Chen Jianneng , Wu Chuanyu , Karkee Manoj
Published: January 2025

Fruit picking is one of the most time‐consuming and labor‐intensive stages of fruit production, characterized by high labor demands and significant labor costs. Traditional fruit‐picking robotic manipulators typically adopt configurations similar to general‐purpose industrial robots, following a predefined path and employing a direct‐pulling mode to detach the fruit. However, due to the constraints of the orchard environment and the varying conditions of the fruit, manipulators should be designed to accommodate the specific horticultural characteristics of the trees to improve picking efficiency. Additionally, the picking process should be optimized based on the biological characteristics of the fruit to ensure quality. In this study, a five‐degree‐of‐freedom manipulator based on a multistage synchronous telescopic mechanism is proposed for fruit picking. Workspace analysis indicates that the manipulator can cover more than 80% of the fruit distribution on the trees. To ensure motion accuracy, a FreeRTOS‐based motion control system is developed for the manipulator. To evaluate picking efficiency and quality, fruit‐picking experiments are conducted in an apple orchard. A rope‐driven, three‐finger end‐effector is mounted in a biased position at the end of the manipulator, complemented by an RGB‐D camera for fruit detection and a ROS‐based control system for robotic operation. The performance of two picking modes (direct‐pulling and biased rotating‐pulling) are compared in these experiments. The results demonstrate that the biased rotating‐pulling mode yields a higher picking success rate and a lower stem damage rate compared with the direct‐pulling mode. Specifically, the damage‐free success rate for the biased rotating‐pulling mode is 80%, with a 9.18% reduction in stem damage compared with the direct‐pulling mode. Furthermore, the average picking cycle time is approximately 14.5 s. In conclusion, the manipulator and its motion control system successfully achieve efficient, nondestructive fruit picking with a high success rate, offering valuable insights for the development of fully automated fruit‐picking robots in the future.
A One‐Pot Conversion of N‐Ns to N‐Boc Group in Polyamine Synthesis
Authors: Wakabayashi Ryoya , Ohnishi Taiga , Irie Raku , Oikawa Masato
Published: January 2025

We report herein an efficient synthesis of fully Boc‐protected, up to 13‐meric polymer of 1,3‐propanediamine. The synthesis was facilitated by one‐pot conversion of (up to six) N‐Ns groups to N‐Boc groups under conditions of 1) PhSH and Cs2CO3 for deprotection of the Ns group, followed by 2) Boc2O for Boc protection. The average yield per Ns group was extremely high, especially for substrates with four to six Ns groups (94.6%–96.6%).
Family Functioning, Life Satisfaction, and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adults With Diabetes and Hypertension: A Cross‐Lagged Model
Authors: Zhu Gangjiao , Malhotra Rahul , Xiong Shangzhi , Chen Xinyue , Gong Enying , Wang Zhan , Østbye Truls , Yan Lijing L.
Published: January 2025

This study aims to evaluate the bidirectional relationship between family functioning and depressive symptoms, considering life satisfaction as a potential mediator and gender, age and income as a moderator of these associations. A longitudinal study was conducted with 708 Chinese adults with diabetes and hypertension (51.6% women; mean age: 64.1 ± 7.7 years) recruited from 12 community health services. Data were collected at baseline (T1), one‐year follow‐up (T2), and two‐year follow‐up (T3) using self‐reported assessments of family functioning, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. Depressive symptoms negatively predicted family functioning from T1 to T2, and family functioning negatively predicted depressive symptoms from T2 to T3. Furthermore, life satisfaction mediated the relationship between family functioning and depressive symptoms from T1 to T3, and vice versa. Differences in gender, age, and income showed distinct patterns. Life satisfaction at T2 mediated the effect of family functioning at T1 on depressive symptoms at T3 for men, women, middle‐aged and low‐income adults, whereas life satisfaction mediated the effect of depressive symptoms at T1 on family functioning at T3 only among women and low‐income adults. This study explores the relationships among family functioning, life satisfaction, and depressive symptoms, noting potential differences based on gender, age and income. Family‐level interventions targeting life satisfaction could a helpful approach to addressing depressive symptoms among Chinese adults aged 45 and older with type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension.
Solvent‐Mediated Growth of a Hierarchical Zero‐Dimensional Architecture for Efficient CsPbI3 Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Yinyan , Zhu Zhibo , Wang Chengyang , Zhang Lun , Niu Pujun , Wen Ziying , Lyu Mei , Zhu Jun
Published: January 2025

Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are promising optoelectronic materials. The large surface area provides an opportunity for ligand engineering to protect the QDs, while also impeding the charge transport in the QD array. Here, the solvent‐mediated growth of a hierarchical zero‐dimensional (HZD) architecture between CsPbI3 QDs is reported. The HZD architecture is grown on the CsPbI3 QD film through a feasible method rather than introducing intricate molecules into the CsPbI3 QD solution. Acetonitrile solvent with high polarity strips lead iodide from the QD surface, and then the lead iodide reacts with the phenethylamine iodide to form HZD architecture. The HZD architecture acts as a “charge bridge” to enhance the coupling between CsPbI3 QDs, resulting in improved photoelectric properties. As a result, the optimized device achieves a high‐power conversion efficiency of 15.4%, remarkably higher than the 14% of the control device. This work demonstrates the significance of surface chemistry for perovskite QDs and provides a feasible strategy for realizing high‐performance perovskite QDs‐based optoelectronic devices.
Design of Litchi‐Like Al/PTFE with Superior Reactivity and Application in Solid Propellants
Authors: Liu Ting , Nie Cui , Mao Yao‐feng , Zhang Yu , Li Gang , Nie Fu‐de , Wang Jun , Chen Jie
Published: January 2025

The combustion efficiency and reactivity of aluminum (Al) particles, as a crucial component in solid propellants, are constrained by the inert oxide layer aluminum oxide (Al2O3). Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) can remove the oxide layer, however, carbon deposition generated during the reaction process still limits the reaction efficiency of Al/PTFE fuel. Here, a litchi‐like Al/PTFE fuel with the nano‐PTFE islands distributed on the Al particles surface is successfully designed, based on localized activation and synergistic reaction strategies, to solve the Al2O3 layer and carbon deposition. This unique PTFE‐coated structure can achieve localized activation of Al by surface etching, creating reaction channels, and exposing the active Al. Such a channel network promotes the circulation of fluorine and oxygen, stimulating the synergistic reactions of Al‐F and Al‐O and energy output. Regulating the PTFE content can maximize the elimination of carbon deposition and achieve the full combustion reaction of Al/PTFE. The maximum flame area and pressure output of the litchi‐like Al/PTFE fuel increased by 241.9%, 734.7%, 118.4%, and 265.2%, respectively, compared with traditional physical mixture and core‐shell structure Al/PTFE fuels. The localized activation and synergistic effects of litchi‐like structure effectively transform carbon waste into a valuable resource, introducing a novel approach for the propellants.
Dehydroxylated Polyvinyl Alcohol Separator Enables Fast Kinetics in Zinc‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Qin Yao , Yang Fuhua , Yuwono Jodie A. , Varzi Alberto
Published: January 2025

Separators are critical components of zinc‐metal batteries (ZMBs). Despite their high ionic conductivity and excellent electrolyte retention, the widely used glass fiber (GF) membranes suffer from poor mechanical stability and cannot suppress dendrite growth, leading to rapid battery failure. Contrarily, polymer‐based separators offer superior mechanical strength and facilitate more homogeneous zinc (Zn) deposition. However, they typically suffer from sluggish ion transport kinetics and poor wettability by aqueous electrolytes, resulting in unsatisfactory electrochemical performance. Here a dehydroxylation strategy is proposed to overcome the above‐mentioned limitations for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) separators. A dehydroxylated PVA‐based membrane (DHPVA) is synthesized at a relatively low temperature in a highly concentrated alkaline solution. Part of the hydroxyl groups are removed and, as a result, the hydrogen bonding between PVA chains, which is deemed responsible for the sluggish ion transport kinetics, is minimized. At 20 °C, the ionic conductivity of DHPVA reaches 12.5 mS cm−1, which is almost 4 times higher than that of PVA. Additionally, DHPVA effectively promotes uniform Zn deposition, leading to a significantly extended cycle life and reduced polarization, both in a/symmetric (Cu/Zn and Zn/Zn) and full cells (Zn/NaV3O8). This study provides a new, effective, yet simple approach to improve the performance of ZMBs.
Emission Tuning of Nonconventional Luminescent Materials via Cluster Engineering
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Liu Zuoan , Huang Jiangmei , Wei Huili , Jiang Chenjie , Wei Lingzhong , Jiang Bingli , Zou Linmin , Xie Huihong , Gong Yongyang
Published: January 2025

Nonconventional Luminescent Materials (NLMs) with distinctive optical properties are garnering significant attention. A key challenge in their practical application lies in precisely controlling their emission behavior, particularly achieving excitation wavelength‐independent emission, which is paramount for accurate chemical sensing. In this study, NLMs (Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4) are synthesized via a click reaction, and it is found that excitation wavelength‐dependent emission correlates with molecular cluster formation. Rigid NLMs (Y1, Y2) exhibit excitation‐independent emission in dilute solutions with nanoscale clusters but become excitation‐dependent at higher concentrations due to larger cluster formation. Flexible NLMs (Y3 and Y4) always show excitation‐dependent emission, indicating a tendency for larger cluster formation. While these NLMs exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) in dilute solutions (0.1 mg mL−1) up to 38.0%, they suffer from significant aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) in the solid state (as low as 0.5%). These findings provide insights into NLM luminescence mechanisms and offer a new approach for tuning their optical properties. With excellent optical properties, facile synthesis, and biocompatibility, these NLMs hold promise for bioimaging and other applications.
Supercritical CO2‐Induced Chemical Pressure on BaZrO3 for Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism
Authors: Fu Duo , Tan Mingzhu , Liang Yuning , Xu Qun
Published: January 2025

The modulation of intrinsic magnetic properties of materials is of great importance for the exploration of new materials in the fields of information storage and spintronics. Herein, room‐temperature ferromagnetic properties in BaZrO3 are successfully induced using supercritical CO2. The highest saturation magnetization intensity of BaZrO3 is observed at 16 MPa, with a value of 0.08189 emu g−1. It is noteworthy that this technique is observed to modulate the ferromagnetic properties of the material by converting the external physical pressure into the chemical pressure within the material through the intercalation and de‐intercalation of CO2 molecules. This result gives us a new understanding of the modification mechanism of SC‐CO2, which is important for material modification.
Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Through MOF Integration
Authors: Yin Yongqi , Zhang Xisheng , Nam Ho Ngoc , Phung Quan Manh , Yuan Kuina , Li Boyuan , Kong Fanyue , Alowasheeira Azhar , Wang Baoning , Li Lin , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: January 2025

Tin halide perovskites are promising candidates for lead‐free perovskite solar cells due to their ideal bandgap and high charge‐carrier mobility. However, poor crystal quality and rapid degradation in ambient conditions severely limit their stability and practical applications. This study demonstrates that incorporating UiO‐66, a zirconium‐based MOF, significantly enhances the performance and stability of tin halide perovskite solar cells (TPSCs). The unique porous structure and abundant carboxylate groups of UiO‐66 improve the crystallinity and film quality of FASnI₃, reduce defect density, and prolong charge carrier lifetimes. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of UiO‐66‐integrated TPSCs increases from 11.43% to 12.64%, and the devices maintain over 90% of their initial PCE after 100 days in a nitrogen glovebox. These findings highlight the potential of UiO‐66 in addressing the efficiency and stability challenges of tin halide perovskites.
Co9S8/CoTe2 n‐n Type Heterojunction: A Heterogenic Interfacial Integration of Co9S8 and CoTe2 Phases for Energy‐Efficient Hydrazine Oxidation Assisted Hydrogen Production
Authors: Mishra Viplove , Praveen Athma E. , Raveendran Diya , Chandrasekar Aditi , Mahalingam Venkataramanan
Published: January 2025

Controlled and optimized heterogenic interfacial coupling is the key to enhance the electrochemical performance. Herein, for the first time, telluride‐based Co9S8/CoTe2 heterostructure is reported as a bifunctional catalyst for energy‐efficient H2 generation. Detailed investigations suggest that the heterogenic interfacial coupling leads to superior bifunctional electrochemical performance of the Co9S8/CoTe2 heterostructure. Furthermore, it displays excellent hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) performance at industrial‐level current density (500 mA cm−2 @ 338 mV) using an electrochemically neutral carbon paper substrate. The overall hydrazine electrooxidation‐assisted water splitting (OHzWS) cell performance of the Co9S8/CoTe2 heterostructure couple is 10 mA cm−2 @ 0.22 V, which is 1.60 V less than the conventional overall water splitting. Band energy profiles of Co9S8/CoTe2 heterostructure reveal an n‐n type heterojunction formation between Co9S8 and CoTe2 phases. The work function difference between the phases results in an impulsive electron flow from the CoTe2 to the Co9S8 phase and the creation of a built‐in electric field. This prompts the electrochemical kinetics of HzOR and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by enabling faster charge transport at the interface. Furthermore, DFT supports the experimental findings, and Gibbs's free energy profile for HzOR studies indicate that the Co9S8/CoTe2 heterostructure interface is favorable for HzOR compared to Co9S8 and CoTe2.
Lobelia‐Inspired Photothermal Storage Flexible Film for Efficient Deicing
Authors: Zhang Yidan , Guo Zhiguang
Published: January 2025

The insufficient density and discontinuity of solar energy of photothermal superhydrophobic flexible film seriously affect the practical application. Light energy harvesting and heat energy storage are effective ways to solve this problem. Inspired by the viscous temperature‐regulating material within the inflorescence of Lobelia telekii and the arrangement of bracts on its surface, a flexible film for photoheat storage is proposed that integrated a three‐order photoheat trap and one‐order heat storage. The surface of the flexible film features microcone array with micro‐grooves, modified carbon nanotubes (MCNTs), and layered structures on microcapsules, forming a three‐level photoheat trap. The generated heat increases the surface temperature and is partially absorbed by the heat storage material inside the microcapsule. The stable photothermal temperature of polyurethane films with microcone structure (Sx) was elevated by 3–5 °C compared to without it (Flat‐Sx), while the stable photothermal temperature of MCNTs‐Sx (Flat‐Sx with MCNTs) exceeds that of Sx by 2–6 °C. The ice particles on the MCNTs‐S0.45 completely dissolved within 180 s under xenon lamp light source. Meanwhile, MCNTs‐Sx demonstrated superhydrophobicity and outstanding anti‐fouling capabilities. The fabricated MCNTs‐Sx realized biomimicry of Lobelia telekii in both structure and performance, providing a strategy for biomimetic photothermal de‐icing.
Stories From a Literacy Coach: Developing Pro‐Black Instruction Within a Eurocratic Mandated Curriculum
Authors: Frazier Jennipher C. K.
Published: January 2025

This article describes experiences of a literary coach working with a first‐grade teacher to make Pro‐Black culturally relevant pedagogy foundational to the coaching relationship. Responding to the failure of mandated programs to support Black students' literacy proficiency and the success of culturally relevant pedagogies, they addressed the White dominance of a district‐mandated program by revising lessons in Pro‐Black, culturally relevant ways providing classroom examples and implications for literacy coaches.
The Effect of Dietary Propylene Glycol on the Fatty Acid Composition of Three Fat Depots in Male Akkaraman Lambs
Authors: Ateş Cafer Tayyar , Kaya Ufuk , Karaaslan İrem , Özkan Hüseyin , Yakan Akın
Published: January 2025

This study tested the effects of propylene glycol (PG) on the fatty acid composition of Akkaraman lambs in three different anatomical depot locations (ADLs). Twenty‐four lambs were assigned to a randomized complete block design comprising three groups of 8 animals as follows: Con, 1.5%, body weight (BW)0.75 (PG1.5) and 3% BW0.75 supplemental PG. The animals were slaughtered 90 days after the commencement of feeding. Tail, perirenal and back fat were collected, and their fatty acid compositions were analysed. PG was associated with lower levels of capric acid (C10:0) and lauric acid (C12:0), and higher levels of arachidic acid (C20:0), D‐ɣ‐linolenic acid (C20:3n6), behenic acid (C22:0), docosadienoic acid (C22:2n6), tyricosylic acid (C23:0) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). The ADLs differed for all fatty acids except C12:0 and C14:0 (myristic acid). Perirenal fat had the highest SFA levels, while n6/n3 was higher in tail fat than in fat from the other ADLs (p < 0.001). The high correlation of ∆9 C16 and ∆9 C18 index values with other sum and index values indicates that desaturation enzyme activity was elevated in the lambs’ depot fats (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). This suggests that perirenal fats have less favourable fatty acid compositions than the other ADLs.
An Attention-Based CNN Approach to Detect Forest Tree Dieback Caused by Insect Outbreak in Sentinel-2 Images
Authors: Recchia Vito , Andresini Giuseppina , Appice Annalisa , Fontana Gianpietro , Malerba Donato
Published: January 2025

Forests play a key role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems, regulating climate, conserving biodiversity, and supporting various ecological processes. However, insect outbreaks, particularly bark beetle outbreaks, pose a significant threat to European spruce forest health by causing an increase in forest tree mortality. Therefore, developing accurate forest disturbance inventory strategies is crucial to quantifying and promptly mitigating outbreak diseases and boosting effective environmental management. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based approach, named , that implements a CNN to detect tree dieback events in Sentinel-2 images of forest areas. To this aim, each pixel of a Sentinel-2 image is transformed into an imagery representation that sees the pixel within its surrounding pixel neighbourhood. We incorporate an attention mechanism into the CNN architecture to gain accuracy and achieve useful insights from the explanations of the spatial arrangement of model decisions. We assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach in two case studies regarding forest scenes in the Northeast of France and the Czech Republic, which were monitored using Sentinel-2 satellite in October 2018 and September 2020, respectively. Both case studies host bark beetle outbreaks in the considered periods.
Software and AI Lifecycles
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin
Published: January 2025

This chapter first provides insights into the different phases of a software lifecycle, describing how DevOps as a methodology might make software development and delivery more efficient. Also, the SafeScrum approach is briefly described. The chapter next focuses on AI lifecycles and provides insight into two approaches to developing safety-critical AI: EASA’s W-shaped process model for machine learning (ML) applications and the Safety Assurance of Autonomous Systems in Complex Environments (SACE) process.
Tools, Programming Languages, and Pre-existing Software
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin
Published: January 2025

This chapter consists of five sections outlining aspects related to tools, libraries, formats, and programming languages, as well as considerations that need to be made regarding pre-existing software.
Requirements
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin
Published: January 2025

This chapter first provides insight into safety requirements and how they originate from the hazard analysis or relevant standards. Next, it outlines how to ensure that a system or product’s safety is compliant with its functional requirements.
System Design Plan
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin
Published: January 2025

This chapter outlines the System Design Plan, which aims to develop a system that meets functional safety and regulatory requirements while ensuring reliability, transparency, and stakeholder satisfaction. It emphasizes the importance of risk management, effective integration of subsystems, and continuous stakeholder engagement to deliver a compliant and trustworthy system design. The chapter also explores agile adaptations and the role of stakeholder feedback in refining the system throughout its development.
Documentation, Information, and Work Products
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin
Published: January 2025

Documentation serves as the backbone of a comprehensive safety plan, ensuring that all processes, requirements, and functions are clearly recorded and accessible. This chapter highlights the essential types of documentation—system, installation, user, and maintenance—and discusses how each contributes to a system’s lifecycle from development through operation. Effective documentation must be accurate, user-focused, and kept up-to-date, supporting seamless communication and system usability across various stakeholder roles.
Human Aspects
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin
Published: January 2025

Human considerations are central to the development of AI systems, especially in the context of agile safety planning. This chapter explores essential human aspects, such as situational awareness, controllability, and human oversight, which play a critical role in ensuring that high-risk AI systems operate safely and effectively. Through principles of human-centred design, the chapter also examines how interface design, agile development methods, and safety standards can support effective human–machine interaction. This understanding is essential for building AI systems that responsibly balance human involvement with automated processes in safety-critical environments.
Level of Automation and Autonomy
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin
Published: January 2025

Understanding the distinction between automation and autonomy is crucial as these two levels of system control shape how AI approaches, risk assessments, and requirements are structured. Automated systems operate on predefined instructions, performing tasks within set boundaries, while autonomous systems dynamically adapt and learn, evolving with their environments. This chapter explores these differences, along with the standards, regulations, and safety considerations that govern both automated and autonomous systems across various applications.
Procurement and Subcontractors
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin
Published: January 2025

This chapter covers relevant topics related to procurement and subcontractors. First, we outline which aspects developers should consider when buying components to be used as parts of the system being developed. These aspects cover how to organize the procurement process by clearly defining roles and responsibilities, as well as how to ensure access and insights into relevant certificates and documentation accompanying the components. Next, we outline how subcontracting is an important business-related consideration that needs to be addressed in several development projects.
The Agile Safety Plan
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin
Published: January 2025

This chapter introduces the agile safety plan concept and gives a brief overview of its history. Next, it defines some key terms related to developing and implementing strategies for achieving functional safety. Lastly, it provides a brief note on the purpose, scope, and context of the safety plan and notes the importance of communicating the system’s limitations and assumptions.
Compliance with Regulations, AI, and Functional Safety Standards
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin
Published: January 2025

This chapter addresses the crucial aspect of ensuring compliance with AI and functional safety standards, focusing on adherence to the EU AI Act and related regulations. It highlights the importance of maintaining a risk-based approach to classify AI systems according to their risk levels. The stringent requirements for high risk AI systems are underscored, including conformity assessments and CE marking. We also discuss the need for continuous adaptation and flexibility in regulatory compliance to keep pace with evolving standards and technological advancements.
Methodik und Methodologie
Authors: Lammers Klara
Published: January 2025

Um eine Nachvollziehbarkeit der empirischen Erkenntnisse dieser Arbeit zu gewährleisten, dienen die nächsten Kapitel der Darstellung des Forschungsdesigns hinsichtlich der gewählten Forschungsmethodik und -methodologie. Nach einer Skizzierung der zentralen methodischen und methodologischen Grundlagen der GTM als zugrundeliegende Methodologie (Abschn. 4.2) steht der konkrete Forschungsprozess der vorliegenden Arbeit in seiner Chronologie im Fokus der Betrachtung (Abschn. 4.3). Er beinhaltet sowohl das theoretische Sampling (Abschn. 4.2.1), die verschiedenen Formen der Datenerhebung (Abschn. 4.2.2) als auch die in der GTM verankerten unterschiedlichen Formen von Kodieren (Abschn. 4.2.3).
Ground Reaction Curve in Plane Strain and Three-Dimensional Conditions
Authors: Zhuang Yan
Published: January 2025

The concept of ‘arching’ in granular soil over an area where there is partial loss of support from an underlying stratum has long been recognised in the study of soil mechanics, but notably there is not one generally accepted approach to account for this phenomenon in the design of piled embankments.
Discussion of Results
Authors: Zhuang Yan
Published: January 2025

The aim of this chapter is to summarise the main findings of the finite element analyses, and then present some key comparisons.
Alcohol drinking leads to sex-dependent differentiation of T cells
Authors: Sturm Ramona , Haag Florian , Bergmann Christian B. , Marzi Ingo , Relja Borna
Published: January 2025

Objective

Global per capita alcohol consumption is increasing, posing significant socioeconomic and medical challenges also due to alcohol-related traumatic injuries but also its biological effects. Trauma as a leading cause of death in young adults, is often associated with an increased risk of complications, such as sepsis and multiple organ failure, due to immunological imbalances. Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis by regulating the inflammatory response. Since it is crucial to understand the effects of alcohol in healthy volunteers, in order to refer findings from trauma cohorts, this study investigates the time- and dose-dependent modulation of CD4+ lymphocytes and their subsets following acute alcohol consumption, considering both general and sex-specific variations.

Methods

Twelve female and ten male healthy volunteers consumed twelve alcohol mixed drinks over four hours to achieve a blood alcohol level of 1.0‰. Blood samples were collected before and at various time points (2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 h) post-consumption for flow cytometric analyses of the phenotype and activation makers CD4/CD25/CD127 of CD4+ T cells and their subtypes.

Results

CD4+ lymphocytes significantly decreased at 4 h and increased at 6 h post-alcohol consumption. Naïve CD25−CD127+ T cells significantly decreased from 2 to 24 h in women and 2 to 48 h in men, while CD25+CD127+ effector T cells significantly increased during the same period. Natural CD25+CD127− regulatory T cells increased significantly at 4 and 6 h, with a higher increase in men. Induced regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25highCD127−) significantly increased at 2 h for all volunteers, with lower proportions of natural and induced regulatory T cells in women.

Conclusions

Acute alcohol consumption induces immune modulation persisting for days, impacting T cell subsets differently in men and women. The prolonged modulation in men may contribute to slightly poorer clinical outcomes, emphasizing the need to consider these effects in trauma patients with acute alcohol intoxication.