bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two new species of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from southern China
Authors: HUANG ZONGGUANG , WU YECHENG , YIN HAIQIANG , XU XIANG , CHEN JUNHAO
Published: December 2024

The spider genus Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 is widely distributed in the world, exhibiting higher species diversity in Palaearctic and Nearctic regions. Two new Pachygnatha species from southern China are described based on males and females: Pachygnatha shengtangensis sp. nov. and Pachygnatha unciniformis sp. nov. Detailed descriptions, color photographs and line drawings of the two new species, and a distribution map of Chinese Pachygnatha are provided. Furthermore, the COI sequences of the new species, and the p-distances are also presented between seven Pachygnatha species including five known and the two new species. The embolic medial groove, previously recorded and described in the genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887, is also present in the two new species, representing the first record of this structure in the genus Pachygnatha.
Myopedicellina, a replacement name for Myosoma Robertson (Entoprocta: Pedicellinidae)
Authors: SHAW SCOTT R. , PROCTOR HEATHER C. , BORISANOVA ANASTASIA O.
Published: December 2024

Myosoma is a genus name proposed in 1900 by Alice Robertson for a colonial species of Entoprocta, Myosoma spinosa Robertson. Myosoma has been used for this genus up to the present time, which now includes two named species. However, we determined that Robertson’s name is preoccupied by the parasitoid wasp genus name Myosoma (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), described by Brullé in 1846. Therefore, we propose another epithet for this entoproct genus: Myopedicellina new replacement name. Brief descriptions of the genus Myopedicellina and the two species belonging to it are provided.
Publicly Insured Hispanic Families’ Perspectives on Well-Being and Challenges During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Krantz Julia , Gievers Ladawna , Roldan Lillya , Khaki Sheevaun , Burdsall Tina
Published: December 2024

Previous studies have identified negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental and physical health of children in the United States, including exacerbation of previously existing disparities according to income, race, and ethnicity. However, a knowledge gap exists regarding the experience of minority families who were disproportionately affected by the pandemic. This qualitative study explores publicly insured Hispanic families’ experiences with school, physical, and sedentary activities and overall health and well-being during the pandemic and subsequent lifting of stay-at-home orders. Fourteen (7 Spanish-speaking, 7 English-speaking) caregivers participated in semi-structured, language-concordant telephone interviews. Through an iterative coding process, this study identified 3 thematic categories: (1) challenges with virtual learning, (2) changes in children’s activity, and (3) resilience and silver linings. Minority populations suffered substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States, and so their experiences are critical as we document the significant impacts of the global pandemic on underserved populations.
Coping Profiles and Mental Health Outcomes in American University Students: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Thomas Christopher L. , Nair Meera , Ganske Jamey K.
Published: December 2024

Research shows that person-centered statistics are useful for identifying coping profiles in adolescents and adults, including college students, where such studies are limited. This study aimed to discern coping profiles among American college students and examine associations with mental health outcomes. Participants completed the Brief COPE inventory, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale – 21 items (DASS-21), and a demographics form. Using latent profile analysis, we identified three latent profiles including: disengaged/low, approach, and avoidant copers. Participants assigned to the approach and disengaged/low coper profiles reported lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression than members of the avoidant coper profile. Interestingly, approach and low copers reported similar levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. The results provide insight into the contribution of coping categories (e.g., problem-focused, avoidant, etc.) to mental health concerns and have the potential to support institutional efforts to improve university students’ ability to cope with academic stressors.
Evaluating toxicity and level of DNA damage in human fetal lung cells upon exposure to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (bioactive folate)
Authors: Karkera Chetna , Senejani Alireza G.
Published: December 2024

Background: Folic acid (FA) supplementation is widely regarded as a key nutritional intervention during pregnancy due to its protective effect against neural tube defects. Recent research has reported FA supplementation outcomes on offspring's health, with increased incidences of allergy/respiratory problems. Aim: This study evaluates if increased levels of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) are associated with DNA modification, leading to disruption of cell proliferation in fetal lung cells and increasing susceptibility to asthma. Methods: Two fetal lung cells, MRC5 and IMR90, were treated with nine concentrations of 5-MTHF for six time points. Cell viability was evaluated using Trypan Blue staining. Flow cytometry analysis to quantify DNA content in cells was done with a propidium iodide stain. Followed by 1.6 mM glutathione treatment to alleviate the oxidative stress caused by 5-MTHF. A quantitative test for DNA damage was executed using neutral and alkaline comet assay. Gene expression study for five genes namely MTR, MTHFD1, XRCC1, Pol β, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was evaluated using a 2-step quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Fetal lung cell survival rate remained unaffected with 5-MTHF concentration below 1.25 µM. Beyond this concentration, cell viability is reduced with an increase in concentration. Cell cycle analysis revealed cell arrest in the G1 phase. The antioxidant activity of glutathione led the cells to bypass this arrest. Precisely, 10 and 50 µM 5-MTHF concentrations led to double-strand DNA breaks and single-strand DNA breaks. Gene expression study revealed lower expression of the MTR gene and higher expression of MTHFD1, EGFR, XRCC1, and DNA Pol β gene with an increase in 5-MTHF concentration. Conclusion: 5-MTHF concentration higher than 1.25 µM led to DNA damage in MRC5 and IMR90 human fetal lung cells.
Exploring Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Capital in Adaptive Apparel Certification Marks
Authors: McBee-Black Kerri , Sun Xun
Published: December 2024

This study explores the GAMUT Seal of Approval™, an adaptive product certification mark, and its impact on apparel brands and consumers with disabilities (PWDs). By examining Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Social Capital Theory (SCT), the research investigates how certification marks enhance brand trust, consumer loyalty, and social inclusion. Using a case study method, semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from GAMUT, Agron, Victoria's Secret & Co, and the disability community were conducted. Thematic Analysis revealed that CSR and SCT are interconnected through trust and community engagement. Findings show the Seal of Approval™ builds authenticity and trust among PWD consumers, ensuring products meet their needs and are developed with their input. For brands, the Seal enhances reputation and loyalty within the disability community. This study extends CSR and SCT to the adaptive apparel market, suggesting adaptive product certification as a strategy to build social capital and demonstrate ethical, inclusive practices.
Core genes and immune dysregulation in primary open-angle glaucoma: A molecular insight
Authors: Li Zhongmin , Wang Jing , Chang Qing , Chen Zufeng , Guo Xiaohui , Wang Houhong , Fang Yan
Published: December 2024

Background

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a chronic, progressive and irreversible eye disease. Currently, there is no effective way to prevent optic nerve damage.

Objective

This study explored POAG gene markers to identify high-risk groups at an early stage and to find new effective therapeutic targets.

Methods

The mRNA and clinical information of POAG patients and normal samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Through Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and generalized linear models (GLM), random forests (RF), support vector machines (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (xGB) models, key risk genes were identified and an early diagnosis model was established. Functional enrichment analysis and CIBERSORT algorithm were used to further reveal the changes in the POAG immune environment and find emerging therapeutic targets.

Results

HERPUD1, IQCK, MRPL40, SRSF7 and TMEM243 were identified as risk genes, and the prediction model and nomogram constructed based on them had good early prediction efficiency. At the mechanistic level, the heterogeneity of T cell subsets seems to be a key factor affecting the progression of POAG and has potential therapeutic value.

Conclusions

HERPUD1, IQCK, MRPL40, SRSF7, and TMEM243 are of great significance for the early prediction and disease progression of POAG and have the potential value of becoming therapeutic targets.
Health Risk Assessment of Occupational Exposures of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Phthalates, and Semi-Volatile Chlorinated Organic Compounds in Urine of Commercial Fish Smokers, Ghana
Authors: Owusu Charity , Ofori Albert , Adusei-Mensah Frank , Adjei Joseph Kweku , Hadzi George Yaw , Bentum John Kwesi , Quansah Reginald , Essumang David K
Published: December 2024

Occupational exposure to smoke and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) poses significant health risks, especially for commercial fish smokers who are regularly exposed to high levels of smoke and particulate matter. This study aimed to evaluate the exposure levels and assess the health risks associated with PAHs, phenols, phthalates, and substituted benzenes among 155 fish smokers in Ghana. A total of 155 urine samples from fish smokers across selected coastal regions in Ghana were collected and analyzed. The sample preparation was conducted using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERs) method, as standardized by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (A.O.A.C.). Analysis was performed utilizing the Shimadzu GC-MS QP 2020. The type of firewood used by fish smokers significantly influenced the levels of PAHs detected in the urine samples. Hardwoods such as odum, acacia, and cocoa, with their dense structures and combustion characteristics, were found to produce higher levels of PAHs. In contrast, softer woods like sugar cane and palm kernel released lower PAH levels during combustion. The findings indicate that fish smokers utilizing various wood types and unfiltered ovens, specifically the “Chorkor Oven,” are exposed to elevated levels of PAHs, phenols, phthalates, and substituted benzenes through inhalation during work hours. Cancer risk assessments revealed risk levels for PAHs ranging from 6.00E−04 to 4.14E−01, phenols from 0.00E+00 to 3.70E−01, substituted benzenes from 9.04E−08 to 1.99E−01, and phthalates from 3E−04 to 2.09E+04. These values exceed the limits by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.E.P.A.) of 10E−06. Furthermore, the estimated non-cancer hazard quotient values for hydrocarbons ranged from 8.42E+00 to 1.99E+01, all exceeding the threshold of 1, as outlined by both the U.S.E.P.A. and the World Health Organization (WHO), indicating substantial potential health risks for commercial fish smokers.
Curation and validation of electronic medical record-based dementia diagnoses in the VA Million Veteran Program
Authors: Merritt Victoria C , Zhang Rui , Sherva Richard , Ly Monica T , Marra David , Panizzon Matthew S , Tsuang Debby W , Hauger Richard L ,   The MVP Cognitive Decline and Dementia During Aging Working Group, VA Million Veteran Program, Logue Mark W
Published: December 2024

Background

The age distribution and diversity of the VA Million Veteran Program (MVP) cohort make it a valuable resource for studying the genetics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD).

Objective

We present and evaluate the performance of several International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code-based classification algorithms for AD, ADRD, and dementia for use in MVP genetic studies and other studies using VA electronic medical record (EMR) data. These were benchmarked relative to existing ICD algorithms and AD-medication-identified cases.

Methods

We used chart review of n = 103 MVP participants to evaluate diagnostic utility of the algorithms. Suitability for genetic studies was examined by assessing association with APOE ε4, the strongest genetic AD risk factor, in a large MVP cohort (n = 286 K).

Results

The newly developed MVP-ADRD algorithm performed well, comparable to the existing PheCode dementia algorithm (Phe-Dementia) in terms of sensitivity (0.95 and 0.95) and specificity (0.65 and 0.70). The strongest APOE ε4 associations were observed in cases identified using MVP-ADRD and Phe-Dementia augmented with medication-identified cases (MVP-ADRD or medication, p = 3.6 ×10−290; Phe-Dementia or medication, p = 1.4 ×10−290). Performance was improved when cases were restricted to those with onset age ≥60.

Conclusions

We found that our MVP-developed ICD-based algorithms had good performance in chart review and generated strong genetic signals, especially after inclusion of medication-identified cases. Ultimately, our MVP-derived algorithms are likely to have good performance in the broader VA, and their performance may also be suitable for use in other large-scale EMR-based biobanks in the absence of definitive biomarkers such as amyloid-PET and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.
Can Deliberative Democracy Provide Remedies for Affective Polarisation?
Authors: Setälä Maija , O’Flynn Ian
Published: December 2024

This article revisits the problems of electoral democracy, especially affective polarisation, from the perspective of the theory of deliberative democracy. Some authors representing ‘realist’ views of democracy have concluded that empirical findings regarding affective polarisation challenge not just the idea of representative democracy as responsive government but also the prospects for deliberative democracy. We point out certain problems and limitations in this conclusion and discuss how theories of deliberative democracy might actually help find remedies for affective polarisation. We apply a recent distinction by Hartman et al. as an intermediate-level conceptualisation that helps translate the theory of deliberative democracy into deliberative practices. To illustrate the potential of deliberative practices, we analyse how forums for citizen deliberation such as deliberative mini-publics could help counteract affective polarisation. We reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of deliberative forums from a systemic perspective.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Comorbid Dementia and Diabetes: The Evidence So Far
Authors: Donat Ergin Busra , Gadsby-Davis Kieran , Mattishent Katharina , Dhatariya Ketan , Garner Nikki , Hornberger Michael
Published: December 2024

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dementia are two of the leading chronic diseases in aging and are known to influence each other’s disease progression. There is well-established evidence that T2DM increases the risk for cognitive decline and dementia. At the same time, people with cognitive changes or dementia can find it difficult to manage their diabetes, resulting in hyper- or hypoglycemic events which can exacerbate the dementia disease progression further. Monitoring of glucose variability is, therefore, of critical importance during aging and when people with T2DM develop dementia. The advent of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has allowed the monitoring of glucose variability in T2DM more closely. The CGM seems to be highly feasible and acceptable to use in older people with T2DM and has been shown to significantly reduce their hypoglycemic events, often resulting in falls. Less is known as to whether CGM can have a similar beneficial effect on people with T2DM who have cognitive impairment or dementia in community or hospital settings.

Aims:

The current perspective will explore how CGM has made an impact on T2DM management in older people and those with comorbid cognitive impairment or dementia. We will further explore opportunities and challenges of using CGM in comorbid T2DM and dementia in community and hospital settings.
Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior in Examining the Intention to Improve Corporate Tax Compliance Through Compensation and Counterproductive Work Behavior
Authors: Harinurdin Erwin , Safitri Karin Amelia , Kountur Ronny
Published: December 2024

The interests of the agent (manager) are not always aligned with the interests of the principal. It is possible that the agent will act for himself and not in the best interest of the principal. In deciding the intention to take aggressive tax action, managers will consider the advantages and disadvantages of their actions. One way to limit counterproductive manager behavior is that the principal will pay compensation costs in the form of incentives. This research examines the compliance behavior of taxpayers represented by company managers. The main idea is to analyze various factors that shape taxpayer behavior regarding compensation in tax compliance. This research is based on a survey of managers at companies registered at the Central Tax Service Office in Bandung, West Java. Primary data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The research results show empirical evidence that company managers’ intentions toward tax compliance are supported by perception of control behavior and compensation. Counterproductive work behavior mediated by job satisfaction also supports tax compliance. Managers’ behavior toward the interests of utility principals is influenced by the compensation provided and reduces counterproductive work behavior. So that agency conflicts can be reduced and avoided.
Surgical Excision of a Cyclops Lesion After ACL Reconstruction in an Elite College Athlete
Authors: Money Adam J. , Pullen W. Michael , Safran Marc R. , Abrams Geoffrey D. , Sherman Seth L.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Cyclops lesion after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can appear on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in up to 30% of patients and is symptomatic in up to 9%. Arthroscopic cyclops removal can help restore motion and limit recurrence.

Indications:

Patient is an 18-year-old male high-level collegiate athlete with a mechanical block to full extension. Patient underwent ACL reconstruction with bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft 15 months prior by an outside physician. The patient had a stable Lachman and pivot-shift examination, but there was a palpable clunk when attempting to extend his knee the final 10°. Patient was unable to perform sport due to symptoms. Postoperative MRI demonstrated a large cyclops lesion.

Technique:

Bilateral ligamentous examination under anesthesia was performed prior to draping. Standard arthroscopy portals were used. Diagnostic arthroscopy was performed by assessing all critical structures in the knee (ie, meniscus, cartilage, and ligaments). The cyclops lesion was visualized in the intercondylar notch with clear evidence of superior notch impingement with knee extension. Using a standard shaver and radiofrequency ablation, the cyclops lesion was resected with care not to injure the ACL graft or disrupt its integrity. A small superior soft tissue resection was then performed with resection of scar tissue that had formed within the notch. A repeat examination with an arthroscope in the knee revealed no further impingement.

Results:

Patient was able to return fully to sport at 8 weeks postoperatively with no limitations, with no return of clicking or loss of motion.

Discussion/Conclusion:

Symptomatic cyclops lesion after ACL reconstruction can be effectively treated with arthroscopic debridement. Postoperatively, patients can return to full sport at 6 to 8 weeks.

Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:

The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Sense of community and its relationship to emotional detachment in Australasian paramedics
Authors: Hocking Suzanne , Asbury Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

Background:There was a perceived gap in knowledge around the emotional detachment strategies used by paramedics to cope with stress. Therefore, this study investigated adaptive and dysfunctional emotional detachment in paramedics currently working in Australia and New Zealand and explored if and how sense of community (SOC) relates to emotional detachment. Methods: A quantitative survey combined three subscales: the detached coping subscale of the Coping Styles Questionnaire; the dysfunctional detachment subscale of the Relationship Profile Test; and the Brief Sense of Community Scale. Results were calculated using descriptive and correlational statistical analysis using IBMTM SPSSTM (v.27) statistics software. Results: The survey collected 335 total responses (282 complete, 53 partial) from New Zealand (209) and Australia (115), including 159 females, 164 males, and 2 gender-diverse participants. On average, females ( M = 22.91 ± 7.02) scored significantly lower ( P ≤ .001) on adaptive detachment than males ( M = 26.31± 6.80). No other statistically significant results were found between demographic categories. Total SOC scores correlated positively with adaptive detachment scores ( r = .188; P = .002) and negatively with dysfunctional detachment scores ( r = −.279; P ≤ .001), indicating a relationship between SOC and emotional detachment. Of the four dimensions, emotional connection ( r = .213; P ≤ .001), membership ( r = .199; P = .001), and needs fulfilment ( r = .136; P = .023) were statistically significant factors for adaptive detachment. All dimensions were statistically associated with dysfunctional detachment, specifically needs fulfilment ( r = −.253; P ≤ .001), membership ( r = −.256; P ≤ .001), emotional connection ( r = −.222; P ≤ .001), and influence ( r = −.190; P = .001). Conclusions: Female paramedics are a demographic likely to benefit from adaptive detachment techniques. SOC scores correlated positively with adaptive detachment scores and negatively with dysfunctional detachment scores, implying a supportive relationship between SOC dimensions and detachment-based coping styles in Australasian paramedics.
Demography in Swiss paediatric uveitis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gunzinger Jeanne Martine , Kitay Alice , Meier Fabio , Böni Christian , Palmer Sarott Seraina , Simonsz-Tóth Brigitte , Gerth-Kahlert Christina
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Paediatric uveitis is a rare disease. It can affect any segment and have various etiologies, including infectious, autoimmune, and masquerade diseases. The pupose of this study is to analyse and present the demographic data in paediatric uveitis in a Swiss cohort. Knowledge of local demography may guide targeted work up and treatment.

Methods

Single center retrospective study from January 2012 to June 2022. Patients under 18 years of age with uveitis were eligible for inclusion. Demographics (age at first presentation, sex), ocular signs (affected eye segment, laterality, visual acuity; VA, Snellen, decimal, clinical course), and systemic finding were analysed. Frequencies and descriptive statistics were computed, non-parametric tests and odds ratio were applied for sample comparisons. Local ethics committee approved this study.

Results

Data from 93 of 133 identified patients were available. 51% were female, mean age at first presentation was 12 years, 60% had bilateral disease. 68% were of non-infectious etiology. Most common identified etiology was toxoplasmosis (20%), followed by JIA (8%) and herpetic (8%). No associated infectious cause or systemic disease was found in 44% of the cases. Most presented with anterior uveitis (50%), followed by posterior (28%), intermediate (20%), and panuveitis (2%). 80% of anterior uveitis were non-infectious; 81% of posterior uveitis were infectious. Bilateral disease was strongly associated with non-infectious uveitis (93%), whereas unilateral disease was more likely to be of an infectious cause (70%); odds ratio = 31. Mean VA of affected eyes at first presentation was 0.79. VA was significantly worse in cases with infectious uveitis compared to non-infectious uveitis (p = 0.007). Nearly a third of affected eyes showed at least one complication. This did not differ between in non-infectious and infectious uveitis cases.

Conclusion

Bilateral disease is strongly suggestive of non-infectious uveitis. Unilateral and posterior disease is suggestive of an infectious cause, with toxoplasmosis being the most often diagnosed cause of uveitis in this cohort. Knowledge of demography is important for specialists to target workup and introduce treatment.
Shape-based disease grading via functional maps and graph convolutional networks with application to Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Mayer Julius , Baum Daniel , Ambellan Felix , von Tycowicz Christoph ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2024

Shape analysis provides methods for understanding anatomical structures extracted from medical images. However, the underlying notions of shape spaces that are frequently employed come with strict assumptions prohibiting the analysis of incomplete and/or topologically varying shapes. This work aims to alleviate these limitations by adapting the concept of functional maps. Further, we present a graph-based learning approach for morphometric classification of disease states that uses novel shape descriptors based on this concept. We demonstrate the performance of the derived classifier on the open-access ADNI database differentiating normal controls and subjects with Alzheimer’s disease. Notably, the experiments show that our approach can improve over state-of-the-art from geometric deep learning.
Exploring the supportive care needs of families affected by pancreatic cancer: a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Anderson Tara , Prue Gillian , Graham-Wisener Lisa , McLaughlin Susan , Mitchell Gary
Published: December 2024

Background

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease with most cases diagnosed at an advanced stage resulting in low survival rates. Family members often take on a role of supporting patients’ needs. Families tend to be unprepared for this and experience high levels of unmet needs and substantial impacts to their own wellbeing, heightened by the rapid deterioration and short life expectancy associated with pancreatic cancer.

Aim

The proposed study aims to explore the supportive care needs and associated psychosocial impact of pancreatic cancer on family members, and the role of support services in supporting these families.

Methods

A sequential explanatory mixed methods design will be utilised. Data collection will consist of three phases: (1) Survey of affected family members to explore their supportive care needs and psychological wellbeing; (2) Semi-structured interviews to explore the lived experiences of family members across the disease trajectory, their psychosocial adjustment, and their perceptions of support services; (3) Focus groups with support services providers to explore their experiences in providing support to affected families.

Discussion

By combining quantitative and qualitative approaches, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities in providing psychosocial support to families affected by pancreatic cancer, ultimately enhancing their quality of life during and after the cancer journey. The findings may help to inform the development and enhancement of support programs, tailored to meet the specific needs of affected families.
Evaluation of prediction errors in nine intraocular lens calculation formulas using an explainable machine learning model
Authors: Oh Richul , Oh Joo Youn , Choi Hyuk Jin , Kim Mee Kum , Yoon Chang Ho
Published: December 2024

Background

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between prediction errors (PEs) and ocular biometric variables in cataract surgery using nine intraocular lens (IOL) formulas with an explainable machine learning model.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of consecutive patients who underwent standard cataract surgery with a Tecnis 1-piece IOL (ZCB00) at a single center. We calculated predicted refraction using the following IOL formulas: Barrett Universal II (BUII), Cooke K6, EVO V2.0, Haigis, Hoffer QST, Holladay 1, Kane, SRK/T, and PEARL-DGS. We used a LightGBM-based machine learning model to evaluate the explanatory power of ocular biometric variables for PEs and assessed the relationship between PEs and ocular biometric variables using Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) values.

Results

We included 1,430 eyes of 1,430 patients in the analysis. The SRK/T formula exhibited the highest R2 value (0.231) in the test set among the machine-learning models. In contrast, the Kane formula exhibited the lowest R2 value (0.021) in the test set, indicating that the model could explain only 2.1% of the PEs using ocular biometric variables. BUII, Cooke K6, EVO V2.0, Haigis, Hoffer QST, Holladay 1, PEARL-DGS formulas exhibited R2 values of 0.046, 0.025, 0.037, 0.194, 0.106, 0.191, and 0.058, respectively. Lower R2 values for the IOL formulas corresponded to smaller SHAP values.

Conclusion

The explanatory power of currently used ocular biometric variables for PEs in new-generation formulas such as BUII, Cooke K6, EVO V2.0 and Kane is low, implying that these formulas are already optimized. Therefore, the introduction of new ocular biometric variables into IOL calculation formulas could potentially reduce PEs, enhancing the accuracy of surgical outcomes.
Milk consumers in Pakistan and Italy: a comparative study on the effects of geographical affiliation, socio-demographic characteristics and consumption patterns on knowledge, attitude and perception of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Hassan Talal , Merlino Valentina Maria , Badino Paola , Odore Rosangela , Shahid Muhammad Qamer , Amerio Alberto , Renna Manuela
Published: December 2024

Antimicrobials are extensively used in livestock to treat common diseases, including mastitis and other bacterial infections, with around 80% of food-producing animals receiving such treatments. Despite a ban in the EU since 2006, antibiotics are still used globally for growth promotion, exacerbating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). From the consumers’ point of view, the potential exposure to resistant zoonotic bacteria in animal-derived food products may represent a threat to public health. However, consumers’ knowledge and attitude vary across socio-demographic characteristics and geographical location. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) of milk consumers regarding AMR in Pakistan (as a representative of low-to-middle income countries (LMICs)), compared to Italy (as a representative of high-income countries (HICs)).

Data were collected via surveys from 401 Pakistani and 550 Italian milk consumers, focusing on socio-demographics, milk purchasing habits, and awareness of antibiotic residues and AMR. The study identified three principal components (PCs) influencing milk consumption: milk quality attributes and tradition, family-dependence, and eating style-dependence. A cluster analysis categorized consumers into four groups: "Attentive to milk quality attributes," "Loyal to milk," "Undecided consumer," and "Milk is essential in my food pattern."

Italian consumers predominantly belonged to the "Attentive to milk quality attributes" group, valuing safety and health benefits, and were the most informed about AMR. Pakistani consumers, primarily belonging to the "Loyal to milk" group, exhibited high purchasing frequency influenced by family size but showed limited awareness about AMR risks. The "Undecided consumer" group, a mix of Italian and Pakistani individuals, lacked strong preferences and displayed moderate awareness of AMR, influenced by habitual consumption patterns.

This research underscores the need for targeted educational campaigns to raise awareness about AMR and antibiotic residues in milk, particularly in LMICs. Survey findings can help to identify targeted action plans and boost policy development on AMR. Enhancing consumer knowledge through the One-Health approach could mitigate AMR risks and promote informed decision-making in milk consumption across different socio-economic contexts.
Differential effects of air pollution on ischemic stroke and ischemic heart disease by ethnicity in a nationwide cohort in the Netherlands
Authors: van den Brekel Lieke , Mackenbach Joreintje D. , Grobbee Diederick E. , Hoek Gerard , Vaartjes Ilonca , Koop Yvonne
Published: December 2024

Background

Air pollution is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and contributes to health disparities, particularly among minority ethnic groups, who often face higher exposure levels. Knowledge on whether the effect of air pollution on cardiovascular diseases differs between ethnic groups is crucial for identifying mechanisms underlying health disparities, ultimately informing targeted public health strategies and interventions. We explored differences in associations between air pollution and ischemic stroke and ischemic heart disease (IHD) for the six largest ethnic groups in the Netherlands.

Methods

This nationwide analysis (2014–2019), linked residential-address concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5 to individual-level hospital and mortality data. To evaluate incident ischemic stroke, we created a cohort of residents ≥30 years and free of ischemic stroke at baseline and for incident IHD we created a cohort free of IHD. We performed Cox proportional hazard survival analyses in each cohort with 2014 average concentrations of PM2.5 or NO2 as determinants, stratified by ethnicity (Dutch, German, Indonesian, Surinamese, Moroccan, Turkish) and adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic indicators and region.

Results

Both cohorts included > 9.5 million people. During follow-up, 127,673 (1.3%) developed ischemic stroke and 156,517 (1.6%) developed IHD. For ischemic stroke, the p-values for the interaction between air pollution and ethnicity were 0.057 for NO2 and 0.055 for PM2.5. The HR of 1 IQR increase (6.42 µg/m3) of NO2 for ischemic stroke was lowest for Moroccans (0.92 [0.84–1.02], p-value = 0.032 difference with Dutch) and highest for Turks (1.09 [1.00-1.18], p-value = 0.157 difference with Dutch). PM2.5 results were similar. For IHD, higher exposure was unexpectedly associated with lower incidence. The p-values for the interaction with ethnicity were 1.75*10− 5 for NO2 and 1.06*10− 3 for PM2.5. The HRs for IHD were lowest for Turks (NO2: 0.88 [0.83–0.92], p-value = 2.0*10− 4 difference with Dutch, PM2.5: 0.86 [0.82–0.91], p-value = 1.3*10− 4 difference with Dutch) and highest for Surinamese (NO2: 1.02 [0.97–1.07], p-value = 0.014 difference with Dutch) and Dutch (PM2.5: 0.96 [0.94–0.98]).

Conclusions

Associations between air pollutants and ischemic stroke or IHD differ notably between ethnic groups in the Netherlands. Policies to reduce air pollution and prevent ischemic stroke should target populations vulnerable to air pollution with a high cardiovascular disease risk.
Chinese dentists’ restorative preferences and choices for endodontically treated teeth: a representative survey
Authors: Li Wenhui , Zheng Ziting , Zeng Yuting , Zhou Zhiyan , Xiao Ping , Zhong Xincen , Yan Wenjuan
Published: December 2024

Background

The optimal restoration protocol for endodontically treated teeth (ETT) remains a subject of debate. This survey aims to assess the current level of awareness, knowledge, and prevailing opinions among dental practitioners in China regarding the application of endocrown versus the post/core/crown ensemble for post-endodontic restoration strategies.

Methods

A validated questionnaire, encompassing three sections, was distributed electronically to dentists practicing in China. The initial section collected demographic characteristics of the participants, while the subsequent sections assessed their knowledge and preferences regarding ETT restoration techniques in various clinical scenarios. Distribution of the survey was facilitated through the social media platform WeChat, with a total of 600 invitations sent out. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistical Software, employing frequency and Chi-square tests to determine statistical significance at the P < 0.05 threshold.

Results

A total of 400 valid questionnaires were collected. The amount of remaining tooth structure was identified as the most influential factor in determining the restoration strategies, contributing to 26.1%. Over 72.8% of the surveyed dentists acknowledged the reinforcing effect of intraradicular posts on ETT. More than half of the participants reported the application of endocrowns within their post-endodontics management. The preference for endocrowns was pronounced in cases where more than 50% of the tooth’s structure remained or when occlusal space limitations were present. The Chi-Square test revealed that the participants’ knowledge regarding endocrown restoration was significantly influenced by their age, educational background, and experience (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The clinical decision-making process for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) by dental practitioners primarily relies on the amount of remaining tooth structure. Most surveyed dentists believe that the presence of a post can reinforce ETT. A majority of participants consider the Endocrown as a viable alternative restorative treatment for ETT.
Bonding super translucent multilayered monolithic zirconia to different foundation materials: an invitro study
Authors: Essam Noha , Abo-Elfarag Shaimaa Ahmed , Attia Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Background

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bonded substrate, zirconia surface conditioning and the interaction between them on the shear bond strength of monolithic zirconia.

Methods

Forty-eight monolithic zirconia discs were CAD-CAM fabricated and divided into two groups according to surface treatment either as milled and universal primer application (Monobond N, Ivoclar-Vivadent) (P) or sandblasting then universal primer application (Monobond N) (SP). Each main group was further divided into three test groups according to the bonded substrate: dentin (DSP, DP), composite (CSP, CP) or resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) (GSP, GP). Adhesive resin cement (Multilinik automix, Ivoclar-Vivadent) was used for bonding. Specimens were stored in water bath for six months before thermal cycling for 10,000 cycles to mimic intra oral condition. All specimens underwent shear bond strength test (SBS) using a universal testing machine. Two and one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni Post Hoc tests were used for statistical analyses.

Results

The means ± SD SBS of all test groups were recorded in (MPa). DSP group showed the highest mean SBS (22.65 ± 2.0) followed by DP group (18.61 ± 2.55). Meanwhile, GSP and GP groups showed the lowest mean SBS (4.77 ± 0.09, 4.57 ± 0.73 respectively).

Conclusion

Sandblasting with priming is recommended as a monolithic zirconia surface treatment method. Dentin is the most reliable substrate followed by composite.
Parental health belief model constructs associated with oral health behaviors, dental caries, and quality of life among preschool children in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Shu-Mei , Xin Yu-Meng , Wang Feng , Lin Pei-Chao , Huang Hsiao-Ling
Published: December 2024

Background

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a prevalent health problem that negatively affects both overall health and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study investigated the association between health belief model (HBM) constructs and oral health behaviors, dental caries, and OHRQoL in preschool children in China.

Methods

A total of 1562 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years were recruited from six public kindergartens in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, by using stratified cluster sampling. A questionnaire was administered to parents to collect information on demographics, HBM constructs, oral health behaviors, dental caries, and OHRQoL. Regression models were used to examine relationships between HBM constructs and the outcomes.

Results

Parental perceived benefits [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.47 and 1.42], perceived barriers (AOR = 0.65 and 0.63), and oral health self-efficacy (AOR = 20.59 and 19.09) were associated with brushing teeth twice daily and brushing teeth with parental assistance. Perceived susceptibility (AOR = 6.62) and perceived severity (AOR = 0.49) were significantly associated with children’s ECC. Poorer oral health (β = 0.09), higher perceived susceptibility (β = 0.11), and greater perceived barriers (β = 0.30) were associated with lower OHRQoL. Brushing teeth twice daily (β = −0.19) and brushing teeth with parental assistance (β = −0.09) were associated with higher OHRQoL.

Conclusions

Parental HBM constructs were significantly associated with oral health behaviors, ECC, and OHRQoL in preschool children. These findings indicate the importance of incorporating parental HBM constructs into health education programs to promote positive oral health behaviors, reduce the prevalence of caries, and enhance OHRQoL in preschoolers.

Trial registration

Not applicable.
Development, validation and recalibration of a prediction model for prediabetes: an EHR and NHANES-based study
Authors: Casacchia Nicholas J. , Lenoir Kristin M. , Rigdon Joseph , Wells Brian J.
Published: December 2024

Background

A prediction model that estimates the risk of elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was developed from electronic health record (EHR) data to identify adult patients at risk for prediabetes who may otherwise go undetected. We aimed to assess the internal performance of a new penalized regression model using the same EHR data and compare it to the previously developed stepdown approximation for predicting HbA1c ≥ 5.7%, the cut-off for prediabetes. Additionally, we sought to externally validate and recalibrate the approximation model using 2017–2020 pre-pandemic National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.

Methods

We developed logistic regression models using EHR data through two approaches: the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and stepdown approximation. Internal validation was performed using the bootstrap method, with internal performance evaluated by the Brier score, C-statistic, calibration intercept and slope, and the integrated calibration index. We externally validated the approximation model by applying original model coefficients to NHANES, and we examined the approximation model’s performance after recalibration in NHANES.

Results

The EHR cohort included 22,635 patients, with 26% identified as having prediabetes. Both the LASSO and approximation models demonstrated similar discrimination in the EHR cohort, with optimism-corrected C-statistics of 0.760 and 0.763, respectively. The LASSO model included 23 predictor variables, while the approximation model contained 8. Among the 2,348 NHANES participants who met the inclusion criteria, 30.1% had prediabetes. External validation of the LASSO model was not possible due to the unavailability of some predictor variables. The approximation model discriminated well in the NHANES dataset, achieving a C-statistic of 0.787.

Conclusion

The approximation method demonstrated comparable performance to LASSO in the EHR development cohort, making it a viable option for healthcare organizations with limited resources to collect a comprehensive set of candidate predictor variables. NHANES data may be suitable for externally validating a clinical prediction model developed with EHR data to assess generalizability to a nationally representative sample, depending on the model’s intended use and the alignment of predictor variable definitions with those used in the model’s original development.
The association between social anxiety disorder and parenting style among nursing students
Authors: Alhazmi Rehab
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common mental health concern affecting students globally and in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of SAD among nursing students and examine its association with various parenting styles.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 141 female nursing students at the College of Nursing at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS). Participants completed the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). The study data were collected using Microsoft Forms. An ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between SAD and parenting styles.

Results

The prevalence of SAD among the nursing students was 47.5%, with 6.4% having severe SAD and 2.8% having very severe SAD. The authoritative parenting style was the most frequently reported, with 58.2% of the students reporting having an authoritative mother and 44.7% reporting having an authoritative father. Maternal (odds ratio [OR] = 0.181, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.062, 0.527, p = 0.001) and paternal (OR = 0.186, 95% CI = 0.060, 0.574, p = 0.003) authoritative parenting styles were associated with a decrease in the odds of experiencing symptoms of SAD among nursing students. Additionally, a paternal authoritarian parenting style (OR = 2.816, 95% CI = 1.011, 8.218, p = 0.048) was associated with an increase in the odds of experiencing SAD symptoms. However, maternal authoritarian parenting style was not significantly associated with SAD symptoms among students (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The parenting style is an influential factor contributing to the experience of SAD in nursing students. In this study, both authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles were significantly associated with the symptoms of SAD. Nursing educators and mental health professionals must establish appropriate strategies to help students cope with SAD. Moreover, educational programs targeting parents must be implemented to increase their awareness of the impact of parental practices on their children’s mental health.