bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rise of Public History: An International Perspective
Authors: Cauvin Thomas
Published: April 2018

This article explores the birth and development of public history and presents the different criteria of its internationalization from the 1970s to the more recent creation of the International Federation of Public History. Based mostly on North America and Europe, the international perspective sets the development of public history in the United States into a broader context of debates about the changing role of historians. While public history was mostly perceived in the 1980s as the application —through consulting— of history to presentday issues, the more recent internationalization is made of a variety of local and national approaches to the field.
Usos do passado e História pública no Brasil: a trajetória do Laboratório de História Oral e Imagem da Universidade Federal Fluminense (1982-2017)
Authors: Mauad Ana Maria
Published: April 2018

This article presents a historiographical assessment of the trajectory of the Laboratory of Oral History and Image (LABHOI) the of Universidade Federal Fluminense, created in 1982, in order to discuss the challenges of the history of public memory in Brasil —and in Latin America— and the innovative approaches associated with the methodologies of Oral History and Visual History. The analysis is based on the environment and first projects of LABHOI and builds on theoretical and methodological issues on how to proceed on matters of memory. The approach concludes by reflecting on what is known as “historian attitude” through the analysis of the digital platform “Present Pasts” (Passados Presentes).
Lo público de la Historia pública en Colombia: reflexiones desde el Río de la Patria y sus pobladores ribereños
Authors: Bocarejo Suescún Diana
Published: April 2018

Historical narrations are configured under the particular cover of the gaps between facts and reports of events. Despite these gaps, people participate in history as agents and narrators. This article provides a reflection on the public aspects of academic contributions that analyse the use of the past, memory and history of relationships of the inhabitants of the Magdalena river banks (Rio de la Patria) from an approach of historicity anchored in particular contexts, gaps and times. For some decades, Colombian academy has embraced discussions and interventions that nowadays could be categorized as public history. Interpretations that evidence the polyphony of the memory, the fluctuation of history and the formulation of new enquiries, research lines and forms of political intervention have been jointed and disjointed from those discussions.
An Overlooked Contributor to a Unique Colombian Periodical. Enrique Pérez and the journal Hispania (1912-1916)
Authors: Rausch Jane M.
Published: April 2018

Hispania, a cultural periodical published in London between 1912 and 1916, was an important Colombian endeavor that reflected widely-shared Latin American concerns before and during the outbreak of the First World War. After a brief review of the role of literary periodicals in Colombian humanities, this essay analyzes the numerous contributions published by Enrique Pérez Lleras in Hispania. It concludes that Pérez believed Hispanic America could have avoided the threat of United States and/or European imperialism by spurning despotic rule, educating a governing elite, developing a trained civil service, and establishing strict controls over foreign investment and immigration.
Políticas de la memoria en Colombia: iniciativas, tensiones y experiencias (2005-2016)
Authors: Aguilar-Forero Nicolás J. C.
Published: April 2018

This article provides a look into tensions, initiatives and experiences related to some of the policies of memory, both official and non-official, that have assigned meaning to the past in Colombia in recent years. A deep insight on the origins and identity reconfiguration of Sons and Daughters for Identity and Justice against Forgetting and Silence (known in Spanish as H.I.J.O.S.) a collective that has negotiated different initiatives of historical memory reconstruction, one of them referenced in the article, for more than ten years. The policies of hegemonic memory in Colombia have established constant denial and invisibility of the systematic violations to Human Rights against different populations; they have also created tension and confrontation with the historical experience of movements and collectives that, as in the case of H.I.J.O.S., negotiate disruptive memories that oppose forgetting and confront impunity.
Violência e racismo: novas faces de uma afinidade reiterada
Authors: Sinhoretto Jacqueline , De Souza Morais Danilo
Published: April 2018

In recent years, the racial slant in the pattern of violent deaths in Brazil has become evident. Especially in the younger sector of the population, there have been a growing number of homicides of black people and a decline in the number among white people, which indicates an increasing inequality in the experience of violence among racial groups. When broken down into color and race, the lethal incidents monitored by the police show that they increasingly affect black people. The prison population grew, due to the jailing of black people. The discriminatory victimization of young black men has been the main concern for the social movements of black youth, which has called it “a genocide against black youth”. In addition to quantitative data, this article analyses the way that such movements have interpreted the data, in order to raise the banner of social protest against that “genocide”, and it also discusses the calls for political action to redress the problem and the specific demands of the social movements in question.
Navegando en aguas abiertas: tensiones y agentes en la conservación marina en la Patagonia chilena
Authors: Araos Francisco
Published: April 2018

Marine conservation has become one of the main factors in the transformation of oceans, reshaping the relations of power which define the future of such zones, with the participation of diverse agents in decision-making. This paper analyzes the creation of Marine Protected Areas in the Corcovado Gulf in Chilean Northern Patagonia. It reveals that these Marine Protected Areas are i) a response to a controversial process of territorial transformation, aggravated by the expansion of the salmon industry and calls for the conservation of biodiversity; ii) the emergence of a conservationist assemblage, based on the idea of collective efforts, and its involvement in a multi-agent network of governance.
Integrating images from multiple microscopy screens reveals diverse patterns of change in the subcellular localization of proteins
Authors: Lu Alex X , Chong Yolanda T , Hsu Ian Shen , Strome Bob , Handfield Louis-Francois , Kraus Oren , Andrews Brenda J , Moses Alan M
Published: April 2018

The evaluation of protein localization changes on a systematic level is a powerful tool for understanding how cells respond to environmental, chemical, or genetic perturbations. To date, work in understanding these proteomic responses through high-throughput imaging has catalogued localization changes independently for each perturbation. To distinguish changes that are targeted responses to the specific perturbation or more generalized programs, we developed a scalable approach to visualize the localization behavior of proteins across multiple experiments as a quantitative pattern. By applying this approach to 24 experimental screens consisting of nearly 400,000 images, we differentiated specific responses from more generalized ones, discovered nuance in the localization behavior of stress-responsive proteins, and formed hypotheses by clustering proteins that have similar patterns. Previous approaches aim to capture all localization changes for a single screen as accurately as possible, whereas our work aims to integrate large amounts of imaging data to find unexpected new cell biology.
MPDZ promotes DLL4-induced Notch signaling during angiogenesis
Authors: Tetzlaff Fabian , Adam M Gordian , Feldner Anja , Moll Iris , Menuchin Amitai , Rodriguez-Vita Juan , Sprinzak David , Fischer Andreas
Published: April 2018

Angiogenesis is coordinated by VEGF and Notch signaling. DLL4-induced Notch signaling inhibits tip cell formation and vessel branching. To ensure proper Notch signaling, receptors and ligands are clustered at adherens junctions. However, little is known about factors that control Notch activity by influencing the cellular localization of Notch ligands. Here, we show that the multiple PDZ domain protein (MPDZ) enhances Notch signaling activity. MPDZ physically interacts with the intracellular carboxyterminus of DLL1 and DLL4 and enables their interaction with the adherens junction protein Nectin-2. Inactivation of the MPDZ gene leads to impaired Notch signaling activity and increased blood vessel sprouting in cellular models and the embryonic mouse hindbrain. Tumor angiogenesis was enhanced upon endothelial-specific inactivation of MPDZ leading to an excessively branched and poorly functional vessel network resulting in tumor hypoxia. As such, we identified MPDZ as a novel modulator of Notch signaling by controlling ligand recruitment to adherens junctions.
Comercialização de Produtos Agropecuários Em Alagoas: Um Estudo de Margens de Comercialização e Transmissão de Preços
Authors: Silva José Jeferson da Conceição , Lages André Maia Gomes
Published: April 2018

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os resultados empíricos de margens de comercialização e transmissão de preços de alguns produtos agropecuários em algumas feiras do Estado de Alagoas. Utilizou-se nesse trabalho dois produtos agropecuários: o alface crespo e a macaxeira (aipim). Procurou-se diferenciar a comercialização nas diversas feiras de diferentes regiões, dividindo-as em capital (Maceió e Rio Largo) e interior (Pão de Açúcar e União dos Palmares). O modelo revela que, na transmissão de preço dos dois produtos analisados, existe uma maior dificuldade de se repassar o preço do produtor para os varejistas, na capital em relação ao interior. Provavelmente, isso indica que o canal de comercialização, mais curto no interior, tenha influência nesse resultado, pois nesse caso existe a maior participação do produtor direto no processo de comercialização. Por outro lado, a maior perecibilidade do alface também tem influência, de forma significativa.
Emprego e Trabalho do Pós-Segunda Guerra à Crise Deflagrada pela Falência do Subprime
Authors: Mattos Fernando Augusto Mansor de
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir como as mudanças ocorridas na ordem econômica internacional, desde 1945, afetaram o comportamento dos mercados de trabalho dos países desenvolvidos. A literatura sobre o tema registra, basicamente, dois períodos históricos com características bastante distintas. Em um primeiro período, dos 25 anos posteriores ao final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, o pleno emprego foi colocado como o principal objetivo da política econômica elaborada nos países capitalistas. Esse período foi marcado pelo cenário da Guerra Fria e da constituição dos Estados de Bem-Estar Social, sob um ambiente financeiro internacional delimitado pelas regras que haviam sido definidas em Bretton Woods. Um segundo período tem início em meados dos anos 1970, consolidando- -se a partir dos anos 1980, quando passa a ocorrer um processo de desre- gulamentação da ordem econômico-financeira internacional que havia sido elaborada no pós-segunda guerra, em ambiente marcado pela crescente adoção de medidas de política econômica de cunho neoliberal na maioria dos países. Nesse contexto, também os mercados de trabalho sofreram um processo de desregulamentação, que resultou em um movimento geral de crescente degradação do Trabalho em suas mais diversas dimensões.
A Produção de Algodão em Primavera do Leste e Campo Verde (Mato Grosso): Determinantes da Eficiência Técnica
Authors: Silva Paula Luciana da , Pereira Benedito Dias , Bari Mamadu Lamarana , Joseph Lázaro Camilo Recompensa , Mendes Carlos Magno
Published: April 2018

Com base em amostra de unidades produtoras de algodão localizadas em dois municípios do Mato Grosso (Campo Verde e Primavera de Leste), com recorrência à regressão múltipla e adoção de função de produção, que exibe forma funcional Cobb-Douglas, inicialmente, estima-se vetor de eficiência técnica. Após essa etapa procura-se identificar variáveis que explicam essa eficiência. As variáveis que revelaram influência direta, com relevância estatística, sobre a eficiência técnica são: escolaridade e a demanda de crédito junto às traders.
A Informalidade no Mercado de Trabalho Brasileiro: Rendimentos e principais características
Authors: Menezes Wilson Ferreira , Dedecca Claudio Salvadori
Published: April 2018

O artigo analisa o mercado informal de trabalho brasileiro. Os resulta- dos apontam uma melhoria no bem estar do trabalhador informal, mesmo com uma taxa de informalidade ainda muito elevada (41,7%). Com o procedimento de Heckman foram distinguidos diferenciais de rendimentos em desfavor dos trabalhadores informais decorrentes da segmentação do mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Os rendimentos desses trabalhadores são diferenciados por atributos pessoais natos e adquiridos: a mulher ganha relativamente menos e o negro relativamente mais; os rendimentos são condicionados de maneira positiva pela idade e negativa pela migração. Aumento da escolaridade exerce uma influência negativa sobre os rendimentos desses trabalhadores.
Physical anthropology in 1918 and the founding of the U.S. journal
Authors: Little Michael A.
Published: April 2018

In 1918, the first issue of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology was prepared and distributed by Aleš Hrdlička, the Curator of Physical Anthropology at the Smithsonian Institution. This was a singular act, both in the general and specific sense. It was the first journal of physical anthropology published in the United States, and it was a sole effort by Hrdlička, who was committed to promoting and recognizing physical anthropology as a new science in America. On this 100th anniversary of the founding of the journal, Hrdlička's efforts were successful: physical/biological anthropology is a strong and timely discipline that represents a major area of scientific research today.
Hunter‐gatherer studies and human evolution: A very selective review
Authors: Hawkes Kristen , O'Connell James , Blurton Jones Nicholas
Published: April 2018

The century long publication of this journal overlapped major changes in the sciences it covers. We have been eyewitnesses to vast changes during the final third of the last century and beginning of this one, momentous enough to fundamentally alter our work separately and collectively. One (NBJ) from animal ethology, another from western North American archaeology (JOC), and a third (KH) from cultural anthropology came to longtime collaboration as evolutionary ecologists with shared focus on studying modern hunter‐gatherers to guide hypotheses about human evolution. Our findings have radically revised hypotheses each of us took for granted when we began. Our (provisional) conclusions are not the consensus among hunter‐gatherer specialists; but grateful that personal reflections are invited, we aim to explain how and why we continue to bet on them.
Quantum tails in the momentum distribution functions of non‐ideal Fermi systems
Authors: Larkin A.S. , Filinov V.S.
Published: April 2018

In classical statistics, the momentum distribution functions are Maxwellian in the state of thermodynamic equilibrium. However, quantum effects can change it to non‐Maxwellian through two mechanisms. The first mechanism is an exchange interaction between identical particles, leading to the Fermi distribution. The second mechanism is the Heisenberg's principle: an interaction of a particle with others reduces the volume available to it, which leads to uncertainty in the momentum and results in an increased probability of having a higher momentum. In this paper, the momentum distribution functions of a two‐component Coulomb system are computed using the Monte Carlo method. It is shown that the momentum distribution functions have high‐momentum “tails” in the regime of strong coupling.
Theory of complex fluids in the warm dense matter regime and application to an unusual phase transition in liquid carbon
Authors: Dharma‐wardana M.W.C.
Published: April 2018

Data from recent laser‐shock experiments or from simulations using density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD), path integrals etc. that are available for warm dense carbon are compared with the corresponding results predicted using the neutral pseudo‐atom [NPA] method. The NPA results are in good agreement not only with the 3–12 g/cm3 regimes that have been studied via path‐integral Monte Carlo methods but even at low densities and low temperatures where transient covalent bonding dominates ionic correlations. Thus, the “prepeak” due to the C–C bond at ∼1.4 Å and other features found in the pair distribution function g[r] from DFT + MD simulations at 0.86 eV and 3.7 g/cm3 and other densities etc. are recovered accurately in the NPA + HNC (hypernetted‐chain) calculations. The exploration of regimes not covered by previous studies is presented together with evidence of an unusual phase transition of carbon in the liquid state to a vapour, as seen from the loss of ion–ion correlations. An abrupt decrease in the number of free electrons per ion occurs simultaneously. A metallic liquid with strong ionic correlations arising from transient C–C bonds becomes a metallic vapour. This occurs when carbon at the density of ∼1.0 g/cm3 and mean ionization Z = 4 transits abruptly to a disordered mono‐atomic vapour at 7 eV, with Z ≃ 3. The behaviour of the pressure, compressibility and the electrical conductivity as well as physical quantities available from X‐ray Thomson scattering are presented across the tentatively proposed phase transition.
Skating on thin ice: stimulant use and sub‐optimal adherence to HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Hojilla J Carlo , Vlahov David , Glidden David V , Amico K Rivet , Mehrotra Megha , Hance Robert , Grant Robert M , Carrico Adam W
Published: April 2018

Introduction

Stimulant and heavy alcohol use are prevalent and associated with elevated risk for HIV seroconversion among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women. In addition, each can pose difficulties for antiretroviral adherence among people living with HIV. Scant research has examined the associations of stimulant and heavy alcohol use with adherence to daily oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among MSM and transgender women. To address this gap in the literature, we evaluated the hypothesis that stimulant use and binge drinking are prospectively associated with sub‐optimal PrEP adherence.

Methods

We analysed data from participants in a nested case‐cohort in the iPrEx open label extension. Stimulant use (i.e. powder cocaine, crack‐cocaine, cocaine paste, methamphetamine, cathinone) and binge drinking (i.e. ≥5 drinks in a single day) in the last 30 days were assessed. Baseline urine was tested for stimulants using immunoassays to reduce misclassification. Sub‐optimal adherence was defined as tenofovir drug concentrations in dried blood spots less than 700 fmol per punch, indicative of less than four doses per week. We tested the prospective association of stimulant use and binge drinking with sub‐optimal adherence at the 4‐week follow‐up visit.

Results and Discussion

Data from 330 participants were analysed. The majority of the participants were MSM (89%) with a median age at baseline of 29 years (interquartile range 24 to 39). Approximately 16% (52/330) used stimulants and 22% (72/330) reported binge drinking in the last 30 days. Stimulant users had fivefold greater odds of sub‐optimal PrEP adherence compared to non‐users in adjusted analysis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.04; [95% CI 1.35 to 18.78]). Self‐reported binge drinking was not significantly associated with sub‐optimal adherence after adjusting for stimulant use and baseline confounders (aOR 1.16 [0.49 to 2.73]). Depressive symptoms, being transgender, and number of sex partners were also not significantly associated with sub‐optimal PrEP adherence (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Stimulant use is a risk factor for sub‐optimal PrEP adherence in the month following PrEP initiation. Comprehensive prevention approaches that reduce stimulant use may optimize PrEP adherence. Creating adherence plans that specifically address PrEP dosing in the context of ongoing stimulant use should also be considered.
Comparative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Trans Fatty Acid Isomers Activates Different Pathways in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell
Authors: Qiu Bin , Wang Qing , Du Fang‐Ling , Liu Li‐Na , Zong Ai‐Zhen , Jia Min , Liu Wei , Xu Tong‐Cheng
Published: April 2018

Trans fatty acid (TFA), a group of unsaturated fats with at least one double bond in the trans configuration, plays a role in lipid metabolism, the structure of the cell membrane phospholipids, and apoptosis. Previous studies demonstrated that TFA was associated with coronary heart disease, obesity, and insulin resistance. Herein, a quantitative proteomics approach estimated the relative abundance of proteins in human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with TFA (two different TFA structural isomers: 9t‐18:1 and 9t,12t‐18:2). The results revealed that 174 identified proteins were significantly altered with respect to expression. Furthermore, based on the cutoff values, 35 proteins were differentially expressed in the 9t‐18:1 group as compared to the control group, 69 proteins were differentially expressed in 9t,12t‐18:2 group as compared to the control group, and 120 proteins were differentially expressed in the 9t,12t‐18:2 group as compared to the 9t‐18:1 group. Based on the bioinformatics analysis, we found that TFA could alter the structural constitution of the cytoskeleton through protein interactions, localization into the cell membrane, and incorporation into the phospholipid of the cell. In addition, 17 differential apoptosis‐related proteins, including cell division cycle 42, superoxide dismutase 1, glyoxalase I, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor were also identified. Together, these results might emphasize the need for studying TFA‐induced biological processes.
Depression and antidepressant prescribing in the elderly
Authors: Herron James W , Mitchell Alison
Published: April 2018

Depression in old age is common and associated with significant morbidity, yet it is frequently missed or undertreated. In this article, the authors review the specific issues that need to be taken into account when assessing and treating depression in elderly people.
Getting started with clinical pharmacists in general practice
Authors: Hampson Nuala
Published: April 2018

The NHS England scheme to develop the role of clinical pharmacists in general practice is now well underway. With phase 2 of the programme now recruiting, and many practices considering taking on a pharmacist outside of the programme, this article provides pragmatic advice for both practices and pharmacists embarking on this new venture.
Using real‐world patient data to improve healthcare outcomes
Authors: Stewart Kate
Published: April 2018

Dr Janet Valentine is a champion of collaboration – a quality much needed for her role as the director of Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) at the MHRA. She talks to Kate Stewart about how CPRD is contributing to improvements in drug safety and clinical practice through the use of real‐world patient data in public health research.
On the chiral algebra of Argyres-Douglas theories and S-duality
Authors: Choi Jaewang , Nishinaka Takahiro
Published: April 2018

Abstract

We study the two-dimensional chiral algebra associated with the simplest Argyres-Douglas type theory with an exactly marginal coupling, i.e., the (A
3
, A
3) theory. Near a cusp in the space of the exactly marginal deformations (i.e., the conformal manifold), the theory is well-described by the SU(2) gauge theory coupled to isolated Argyres-Douglas theories and a fundamental hypermultiplet. In this sense, the (A
3
, A
3) theory is an Argyres-Douglas version of the

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 SU(2) conformal QCD. By studying its Higgs branch and Schur index, we identify the minimal possible set of chiral algebra generators for the (A
3
, A
3) theory, and show that there is a unique set of closed OPEs among these generators. The resulting OPEs are consistent with the Schur index, Higgs branch chiral ring relations, and the BRST cohomology conjecture. We then show that the automorphism group of the chiral algebra we constructed contains a discrete group G with an S
3 subgroup and a homomorphism G → S
4 × Z
2. This result is consistent with the S-duality of the (A
3
, A
3) theory.
Divergences in open quantum systems
Authors: Agón Cesar , Lawrence Albion
Published: April 2018

Abstract

We show that for cubic scalar field theories in five and more spacetime dimensions, and for theT= 0 limit of the Caldeira-Leggett model, the quantum master equation for long-wavelength modes initially unentangled from short-distance modes, and at second order in perturbation theory, contains divergences in the non-Hamiltonian terms. These divergences ensure that the equations of motion for expectation values of composite operators closes on expectation values of renormalized operators. Along the way we show that initial “jolt” singularities which occur in the equations of motion for operators linear in the fundamental variables persist for quadratic operators, and are removed if one chooses an initial state projected onto low energies, following the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
An Open-Label, Phase II Study of the Safety of Pirfenidone in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (PIPF-002)
Authors: Gotfried Mark H. , Girod Carlos E. , Antin-Ozerkis Danielle , Burgess Tracy , Strombom Indiana , Stauffer John L. , Kirchgaessler Klaus-Uwe , Padilla Maria L.
Published: April 2018

Introduction

PIPF-002 was a phase 2, multicenter, open-label study of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or other types of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). PIPF-002 terminated after pirfenidone became commercially available in the United States. The goal of PIPF-002 was to characterize the long-term safety of pirfenidone in these patients.

Methods

Between August 2003 and September 2006, 83 patients (IPF: 81, PF: 2) enrolled. Patients received pirfenidone in three divided doses daily, with the maintenance dose and schedule determined by enrollment group assignment. Treatment continued until patient withdrawal or study termination (2015). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were assessed by descriptive statistics.

Results

At baseline, median age was 70 years, mean percent predicted forced vital capacity was 67.7%, 33.7% of patients had cardiac disorders, 51.8% had gastroesophageal reflux disease, and 63.9% were receiving concomitant prednisone. Median pirfenidone dose and exposure duration were 2400 mg/day and 3.0 years, respectively. Cumulative total exposure was 279.7 patient-exposure years (PEY). Most patients (98.8%) reported ≥ 1 TEAE, with an overall incidence rate of 460.5 per 100 PEY. The most frequent TEAEs (incidence rate per 100 PEY) were nausea (23.6), IPF progression (16.1), fatigue (11.8), dyspnea (11.4), upper respiratory tract infection (11.4), and cough (10.7). Serious TEAEs were reported in 49 patients; the most frequent serious TEAEs were IPF progression and pneumonia. The most common reason for discontinuation was TEAEs (35 patients; 12.5 patients per 100 PEY), most frequently IPF progression and nausea. Overall, 21 patients died (7.5 per 100 PEY); 16 deaths were IPF-related.

Conclusions

Long-term safety and tolerability of pirfenidone findings in this study were consistent with the known safety profile of pirfenidone; no new safety signals were identified. These data support the continued use of pirfenidone in patients with IPF.

Funding

F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd./Genentech, Inc.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT00080223.

Plain Language Summary

Plain language summary available for this article.
Estimation of sea-ice thickness and volume in the Sea of Okhotsk based on ICESat data
Authors: Nihashi Sohey , Kurtz Nathan T. , Markus Thorsten , Ohshima Kay I. , Tateyama Kazutaka , Toyota Takenobu
Published: April 2018

Sea-ice thickness in the Sea of Okhotsk is estimated for 2004–2008 from ICESat derived freeboard under the assumption of hydrostatic balance. Total ice thickness including snow depth (htot) averaged over 2004–2008 is 95 cm. The interannual variability of htot is large; from 77.5 cm (2008) to 110.4 cm (2005). The mode of htot varies from 50–60 cm (2007 and 2008) to 70–80 cm (2005). Ice thickness derived from ICESat data is validated from a comparison with that observed by Electromagnetic Induction Instrument (EM) aboard the icebreaker Soya near Hokkaido, Japan. Annual maps of htot reveal that the spatial distribution of htot is similar every year. Ice volume of 6.3 × 1011 m3 is estimated from the ICESat derived htot and AMSR-E derived ice concentration. A comparison with ice area demonstrates that the ice volume cannot always be represented by the area solely, despite the fact that the area has been used as a proxy of the volume in the Sea of Okhotsk. The ice volume roughly corresponds to that of annual ice production in the major coastal polynyas estimated based on heat budget calculations. This also supports the validity of the estimation of sea-ice thickness and volume using ICESat data.
Corticosteroids for a sore throat
Authors: Crawford Skye , Tallon John
Published: April 2018

Article chosen

Hayward GN, Hay AD, Moore MV, et al. Effect of oral dexamethasone without immediate antibiotics vs. placebo on acute sore throats in adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2017;317(15):1535-43.
The Active Energy Consumer in EU Law
Authors: CSERES KJ
Published: April 2018

With the availability of cheaper technology and the rise of digitalisation, consumers can actively participate in markets and also offer their own services or self-/co-produce products and services. Active consumers are fundamental building-blocks of the European Union’s goal to achieve smart, sustainable and inclusive growth in Europe. In the energy sector active consumers play a key role in promoting competition, ensuring affordable energy prices and security of supply, as well as contributing to the EU’s environmental and climate goals. By engaging in more efficient energy use, consumers are crucial actors to manage the energy transition. However, the present legal framework does not fully facilitate this active role. The aim of this article is to answer the question how EU law conceptualises and supports the active role of consumers in the regulation of energy markets.
Diffeomorphism group valued cocycles over higher-rank abelian Anosov actions
Authors: DAMJANOVIĆ DANIJELA , XU DISHENG
Published: April 2018

We prove that every smooth diffeomorphism group valued cocycle over certain$\mathbb{Z}^{k}$Anosov actions on tori (and more generally on infranilmanifolds) is a smooth coboundary on a finite cover, if the cocycle is center bunched and trivial at a fixed point. For smooth cocycles which are not trivial at a fixed point, we have smooth reduction of cocycles to constant ones, when lifted to the universal cover. These results on cocycle trivialization apply, via the existing global rigidity results, to maximal Cartan$\mathbb{Z}^{k}$($k\geq 3$) actions by Anosov diffeomorphisms (with at least one transitive), on any compact smooth manifold. This is the first rigidity result for cocycles over$\mathbb{Z}^{k}$actions with values in diffeomorphism groups which does not require any restrictions on the smallness of the cocycle or on the diffeomorphism group.
Axial evolution of forced helical flame and flow disturbances
Authors: Smith Travis E. , Douglas Christopher M. , Emerson Benjamin L. , Lieuwen Timothy C.
Published: April 2018

This paper presents 5 kHz stereo particle image velocimetry and OH planar laser induced fluorescence measurements of transversely forced swirl flames. The presence of transverse forcing on this naturally unstable flow both influences the natural instabilities, as well as amplifies disturbances that may not necessarily manifest themselves during natural oscillations. By manipulating the structure of the acoustic forcing field, both axisymmetric and helical modes are preferentially excited away from the frequency of natural instability. The paper presents a method for spatially interpolating the phase locked $r{-}z$ and $r{-}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ planar velocity and flame position data, extracting the full three-dimensional structure of the helical disturbances. These helical disturbances are also decomposed into symmetric and anti-symmetric disturbances about the jet core, showing the subsequent axial evolution (in magnitude and phase) of each of these underlying disturbances. It is shown that out-of-phase acoustic forcing excites $m=\pm 1$ modes, but the flow field preferentially amplifies the counter-winding, co-rotating helical disturbance over the co-winding, counter-rotating helical disturbance. This causes the flow and flame to transition from a transverse flapping near the jet exit to a precessing motion further downstream. In contrast, in-phase forcing promotes axisymmetric $m=0$ disturbances which dominate the flow field over the entire axial domain. In both cases, the amplitudes of the anti-symmetric disturbances about the jet core grow with downstream distance before saturating and decaying, while the symmetric disturbances appear nearly negligible. It is suggested that this saturation and decay is due to linear effects (e.g. a negative spatial growth rate), rather than nonlinear interactions.
L1 + L2 to the power of culture: acculturation and language use for cognitive domains in bilinguals
Authors: HAMMER KATE
Published: April 2018

abstract

This paper investigates the extent of second language (L2) use in four cognitive domains including mental calculation, planning (action plans), note-taking, and shopping lists. Participants include 149 highly educated L2-competent sequential Polish–English bilinguals who relocated to the UK1in early adulthood, and underwent processes of acculturation. The independent variables in this study include acculturation level, social network profile, predicted future domicile, and length of residence. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Participants completed an online questionnaire and 14 were interviewed by the researcher. The study included the Complementarity Principle (CP) into the operationalisation and measurement of language use in bilinguals (Grosjean, 2010). The results show that acculturation level, social network profile, and predicted future domicile are strong predictors of the extent of L2 use in cognitive domains. Effects of context-specificity and language-dependence were also found, the latter specifically in the domain of mental calculation.
Towards Intercultural Dialogue, Synthesis, and Pluralism: Revisiting Baghdad’s House of Wisdom
Authors: ABDUL-JABBAR WISAM KH.
Published: April 2018

This study challenges present-day dualisms and divisions, which are reflected in socio-political and intercultural dialogue. The aim of this study is to connect the philosophical discourse of the ninth-century House of Wisdom to modern conceptions of Islam by extending the dialogical rhetoric of that discourse. This study revisits the House of Wisdom, first, to invoke an inclusive, intercultural Islamic tradition that negates the circumscription of Islam by radical views. Second, it reintroduces the liberal arts as pedagogical tools that are central to the Islamic wisdom tradition. Third, it explores the notions of Aql and Fitrah and how they prescribe Hikmah.
Growth, morphology and biological nitrogen fixation potential of perennial ryegrass-white clover swards throughout the grazing season
Authors: Guy C. , Hennessy D. , Gilliland T. J. , Coughlan F. , McCarthy B.
Published: April 2018

Sustainable ruminant production systems depend on the ability of livestock to utilize increased quantities of grazed herbage. The current study aimed to compare the effect of white clover (WC) inclusion and perennial ryegrass (PRG) ploidy on herbage dry matter (DM) production, plant morphology, nutritive value and biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) under high N fertilizer use (250 kg N/ha) and high stocking rates (2.75 livestock units/ha). Four sward treatments (diploid-only, tetraploid-only, diploid-WC, tetraploid-WC) were evaluated over a full grazing season at a farmlet scale. White clover inclusion had a significant effect on herbage DM production, herbage growth rate, tiller density, organic matter digestibility, crude protein and BNF. Tetraploid swards had a lower tiller density, lower sward WC content and post-grazing sward height and increased organic matter digestibility and crude protein than diploid swards. White clover inclusion improved herbage DM production and nutritive value across a full grazing season, with tetraploid and diploid swards producing similar herbage DM yields across the year. Perennial ryegrass ploidy had an effect on WC morphology as plants in diploid-WC swards had narrower, longer stolons, fewer branches and more petioles than tetraploid-WC swards. The current study highlights the benefit of including WC in grass-based systems under a high N fertilizer regime and high stocking rate.
Modelling shoot growth and yield of Ceylon tea cultivar TRI-2025 (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)
Authors: Jayasinghe H. A. S. L. , Suriyagoda L. D. B. , Karunarathne A. S. , Wijeratna M. A.
Published: April 2018

The present study was aimed at stimulating the growth and yield of Sri Lankan tea cultivar TRI 2025 grown in different climatic regions in the country. The model was developed and calibrated using weather, crop and soil data collected from different climatic zones. The model is designed to simulate shoot replacement cycle, leaf area of a shoot, shoot growth, dry matter partitioning and tea shoot yield. The model was validated using shoot development and growth data not used for model calibration. These validation data were collected from low, mid and high elevations representing temperature and rainfall gradients in the country. Model calibration showed that thermal time required to initiate the fish leaf, 1st, 2nd and 3rd normal leaf in a tea shoot from the time of natural senescence of the scale leaves were 129, 188, 235, 296 °C days, respectively, and a tea shoot reached the harvestable stage after 393 °C days. The model simulated leaf area (cm2) and fresh weight (g/m2) of tea shoots at different developmental stages and locations which were in good agreement with the measured values at the validation stage (R2 > 0.92 and 0.98, respectively). Similarly, simulated shoot yields (g/m2/month) at the validation stage were strongly correlated with the measured values (n = 12, R2 > 0.58, RMSE = 5–17 g/m2/month). Thus, the model can be used to estimate the shoot yield of tea cultivar TRI 2025 grown in different climatic conditions in Sri Lanka. Areas requiring further improvements to the model are also discussed.
Performance and meat quality of broiler chicken fed a ration containing flaxseed meal and higher dietary lysine levels
Authors: Mir Nasir Akbar , Tyagi Praveen K. , Biswas Ashim Kumar , Tyagi Pramod K. , Mandal Asit B. , Wani Manzoor A. , Deo Chandra , Biswas Avishek , Verma Arun Kumar
Published: April 2018

The present study aimed to evaluate growth performance and meat quality of broiler chicken with respect to feeding of 100 g flaxseed meal (FM)/kg and increasing lysine levels in the broiler diet. The results revealed no effect of lysine and FM feeding on growth performance except for a negative effect of FM on feed efficiency of birds, which was countered by feeding 1.25 BIS lysine. Feeding FM improved the fatty acid profile of broiler chicken meat significantly, whereas no effect was observed for increasing lysine levels beyond BIS recommendation. FM significantly reduced meat cholesterol, fat, water-holding capacity (WHC), extract release volume (ERV) and antioxidant potential, whereas it increased the pH of fresh meat, drip loss and lipid peroxidation of broiler chicken meat. As compared with other lysine levels, generally 1.25 BIS lysine significantly increased the pH of refrigerated stored meat, WHC, ERV and antioxidant potential, whereas it significantly reduced cholesterol, fat, drip loss and lipid peroxidation of broiler chicken meat. Thus, the inclusion of 100 g FM/kg diet along with 1.25 BIS lysine in broiler ration was optimum for desirable broiler performance, fatty acid profile, oxidative stability and other functional properties of broiler chicken meat.
Iron deficiency after bariatric surgery: what is the real problem?
Authors: Steenackers Nele , Van der Schueren Bart , Mertens Ann , Lannoo Matthias , Grauwet Tara , Augustijns Patrick , Matthys Christophe
Published: April 2018

The growing prevalence of obesity explains the rising interest in bariatric surgery. Compared with non-surgical treatment options, bariatric surgery results in greater and sustained improvements in weight loss, obesity associated complications, all-cause mortality and quality of life. These encouraging metabolic and weight effects come with a downside, namely the risk of nutritional deficiencies. Particularly striking is the risk to develop iron deficiency. Postoperatively, the prevalence of iron deficiency varies between 18 and 53 % after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and between 1 and 54 % after sleeve gastrectomy. Therefore, preventive strategies and effective treatment options for iron deficiency are crucial to successfully manage the iron status of patients after bariatric surgery. With this review, we discuss the risks and the contributing factors of developing iron deficiency after bariatric surgery. Furthermore, we highlight the discrepancy in the diagnosis of iron deficiency, iron deficiency anaemia and anaemia and highlight the evidence supporting the current nutritional recommendations in the field of bariatric research. In conclusion, we advocate for more nutrition-related research in patient populations in order to provide strong evidence-based guidelines after bariatric surgery.
Psychotic traits in musicians
Authors: Mason Oliver , Daniels Heidi
Published: April 2018

The association of music with madness is very longstanding. But is it more than myth, and if so what is the nature of this relationship? We tested the hypotheses that musicians possess greater schizotypy and symptoms of bipolar disorder. A total of 102 musicians were found to have greater positive and negative schizotypal traits when compared to matched norms on the shortened Oxford–Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences. Based on the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, 10.8% of musicians also met criteria for lifetime bipolar disorder. Rock musicians appeared to have greater symptoms than those performing in other musical genres.
Moving Away, Toward, and Against: How Front-line Workers Cope with Substitution by Volunteers in Dutch Care and Welfare Services
Authors: VERHOEVEN IMRAT , VAN BOCHOVE MARIANNE
Published: April 2018

Welfare states increasingly activate citizens in the provision of care and welfare services, expecting them to take over certain parts of professional work. The consequences of this ‘volunteer responsibilisation’ for front-line workers’ professionalism have not been studied extensively. Professionalism may be pointed in another direction, from professional self-control or organisational forms of control based on management criteria toward forms of embedded control in which professional work is defined in interaction with all kinds of ‘outsiders’, including volunteers. In this paper we analyse how front-line workers cope with such shifts in care and welfare provision. We find that they move away from frail volunteers, move toward vigorous volunteers, and move against policy makers.
Barriers and Facilitators for Guidelines with Depression and Anxiety in Parkinson’s Disease or Dementia
Authors: Goodarzi Zahra , Hanson Heather M. , Jette Nathalie , Patten Scott , Pringsheim Tamara , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna
Published: April 2018

Notre principal objectif était de comprendre les barrières et les facilitateurs associés à l’application de guides de pratique clinique (GPC) de haute qualité pour la dépression et l’anxiété chez les patients atteint de démence ou de la maladie de Parkinson (MP). Des groupes de discussion et des entrevues ont été réalisés avec des participants atteints de démence ou de la MP, leurs soignants et les médecins impliqués dans les soins de ces patients à Calgary (Alberta). Le cadre conceptuel des domaines théoriques et le Behaviour Change Wheel ont été utilisés pour guider la collecte des données et l’analyse du cadre conceptuel. Au total, 33 médecins, 7 patients et leurs aidants ont participé à l’étude. Les barrières et les facilitateurs pour l’application des recommandations des GPC liées au diagnostic, à la gestion et à l’utilisation des lignes directrices ont été rapportés. L’insuffisance des données concernant les troubles anxieux et dépressifs dans la démence et la MP constituaient un thème dominant dans les résultats. Ce constat était particulièrement évident en matière de troubles anxieux. Les patients ont aussi mentionné des difficultés à communiquer leurs symptômes et à accéder aux services. Bien que des guides de pratiques soient disponibles, les médecins éprouvent quelques difficultés dans l’application de certaines recommandations, ces difficultés étant surtout dues au manque de données probantes disponibles.
The multifaceted relationship between environmental risks and poverty: new insights from Vietnam
Authors: Narloch Ulf , Bangalore Mook
Published: April 2018

Despite complex interlinkages, insights into the multifaceted relationship between environmental risks and poverty can be gained through an analysis of different risks across space, time and scale within a single context using consistent methods. Combining geo-spatial data on eight environmental risks and household survey data from 2010–2014 for the case study of Vietnam, this paper shows: (i) at the district level, the incidence of poverty is higher in high risk areas, (ii) at the household level, poorer households face higher environmental risks, (iii) for some risks the relationship with household-level consumption varies between rural and urban areas, and (iv) environmental risks explain consumption differences between households, but less so changes over time. While altogether these analyses cannot establish a causal relationship between environmental risks and poverty, they do indicate that Vietnam's poor are disproportionally exposed. Given growing pressures due to climate change, addressing such risks should be a focus of poverty reduction efforts.
George Rochberg's Road toArs Combinatoria, 1943–63
Authors: WLODARSKI AMY LYNN
Published: April 2018

George Rochberg often attributed his postmodern shift to the death of his son in 1964. Accordingly, the literature has described his practice of ars combinatoria (“art of combination”) as an “abrupt about-face”—a sudden rejection of modernist aesthetics. But the composer's unpublished essays, diaries, correspondence, and musical sketchbooks suggest that the road to ars combinatoria had well-laid roots in two of his least considered biographical periods: his service during World War II and his serial period. During these two decades, Rochberg actively sought positive models for humanistic composition, historical figures who rose to the level of musical heroes in that they served humanity through their art. But as the war had taught him, heroes are necessarily defined by their struggle against nemeses in ethical conflicts. Correspondingly, he constructed the other side of the artistic world as a realm of vain egoists who sought self-promotion and seemed unconcerned with humanistic modes of expression. As his ideas matured, Rochberg assigned different figures to these archetypes, but the guiding ethical criteria remained fairly consistent throughout. I therefore argue that ars combinatoria was less a sudden aesthetic reversal than it was the result of a longer cumulative process of self-assessment and compositional maturation.