bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decontextualized Language Skills in Children with Developmental Language Disorder and Developmental Dyslexia: Evidence from a Word Definition Task
Authors: Dosi Ifigeneia
Published: October 2022

The present study investigates the development of decontextualized language skills, by means of a word definition task, in children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) & Developmental Dyslexia (DD). Although these disorders have a common basis and have studied for different aspects of language abilities, no studies, to date, have compared them in terms of their word definitional skills. Addressing this gap, the present study examined thirty-six children with DLD, or DD or typically developing (TD) age-matched children. All participants were tested on their expressive vocabulary, non-verbal abilities and on their definitional skills. In the definitional task they had to define 16 words (8 nouns, 4 verbs, and 4 adjectives; simple vs. compound, abstract vs. concrete) orally. Deﬁnitions were evaluated on both content and form. Results have shown that more decontextualized language was used by the TD group than by the two impaired groups and the DD group exhibited the use of more decontextualized language than the DLD group. By contrast, no differences were found among the groups in form. Delving into different word characteristics more demanding were found to be abstract and compound words. DLD group faced more difficulties than the other groups in compound abstract nouns. Fewer differences were found in verbs suggesting that formal definitions of verbs are equally demanding for all groups. Findings suggest that these two disorders have more similarities in most of the categories in terms of the use of decontextualized language.  The present study offers new knowledge on the development of definitional skills and indicates that research should investigate them in the light of interrelation of different word characteristics; otherwise the picture we get can be misleading.
Managerial Issues in the Adoption of Digital Twins by Shipping Companies in Greece
Authors: Stamoulis Dimitrios S.
Published: October 2022

Maritime industry is experiencing the influence of industry 4.0 solutions and investments. A commercial ship is comparable to an industrial plant and several analogies can be found between the two worlds. Digital twins represent the convergence of the engineering and the digital information technology worlds into the so-called cyber-physical systems, which promise to solve problems in the virtual world, based on the real-world data collected online, and then processed through simulation models and artificial intelligence. Although there is some research literature referring to digital twin (DT) solutions for specific problems in shipping, general lack of clarity on the level and direction of progress in this field has been observed by researchers. This paper tries to address exactly this question by collecting data using an opinion survey of managers of some maritime industry companies based in Greece – a country where a significant part of the global commercial fleet is being managed from. Drivers, enablers and impediments to the adoption of DT in shipping have been identified by an opinion survey. A first attempt to devise a generic cost-benefit framework for the adoption of DT solutions in shipping is presented as a key managerial decision-making tool for such a big investment needed for DT.
Using the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) to Detect Vegetative Change with Remote Sensing and GIS: A Study of the Kumbur River Basin in Kodaikanal Taluk, Dindigul District
Authors: Ramanujam Mahesh , Rangasamy Neelakantan , Rathinam Anbalagan , Veeraiyan Padmanaban
Published: October 2022

Land use exercises also ultimately affect land cover spatially and in the short term. The primary consideration responsible for land cover adjustment is to meet the growing needs of an expanding population through the intensification of food crops and the clearing of conventional land cover as forests for food and business activities. Land cover modification also disturbs other characteristics of soil maturity, soil decay, environment, biodiversity, air quality and water systems of the disturbed area. Innovating remote sensing and GIS has been developed as a suitable instrument to examine the land use and land cover adjustment of the area at spatial and transient scale. In this survey, the NDVI-based team demonstrated a remarkable change in land cover from 2009 to 2016. A large change was observed in forest cover, where approximately (3.34%) of the forest was degraded between 2009 and 2016.
The Spontaneous Combustion Potency of Lignite Coal Based on FTIR
Authors: Hamdani Ahmad Helman , Haryanto Agus Didit
Published: October 2022

To understand the role of functional groups in the spontaneous combustion of lignite coal, the distribution of functional groups in the lignite coal of the Sajau Formation in the Berau Basin, Indonesia, was studied. The functional group characterization was carried out using the Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) method. The results revealed the presence of four functional groups, namely hydroxyl structures, aliphatic structures, oxygen-containing structures, and aromatic structures. The lignite contained more hydroxyl and oxygen-bearing functional groups, from which aliphatic and aromatic; therefore, spontaneous combustion becomes easy in lignite coal.
Первые данные телескопа «Джеймс Уэбб» в свете неклассических космологий
Authors: Макушевич Илья
Published: October 2022

В статье обсуждаются первые данные телескопа «Джеймс Уэбб» в свете ранее имевшихся странных наблюдений и неклассических космологий. Наблюдательные парадоксы легко решаются при радикальном предположении о неверности модели Большого Взрыва. Обсуждается возможная более традиционная альтернатива, которая представлена в классической космологии — что мы чего-то не понимаем о формировании первых звезд и галактик.
KEDUDUKAN DAN KONSEKUENSI KEWENANGAN PERANGKAT DESA DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2014
Authors: Halwan Muhammad
Published: October 2022

The dynamics of changing local government laws provide major changes through the several powers given. Article 23 of Law Number 6 of 2014 provides confirmation, namely that the Village Government is carried out by the Village Government. It is clear who the village government means, then it is returned to Article 1 number 3 of Law Number 6 of 2014, namely that the Village Government is the Village Head or what is referred to by any other name assisted by Village officials as an element of Village Government administrators. The inherent position and authority provides a great form of accountability and demands accountability. Basically, the regulation regarding the position of the Village makes the Village not fully placed as subordination of the district / city government. The change in the position of the village from Law Number 22 of 1999, Law Number 32 of 2004 and Law Number 6 of 2014 aims to make the village no longer an object of development but a subject of development. The construction of village governance adopted in the Village Law is a joint construction. The General Elucidation of the Village Law states explicitly: "With the construction of combining the functions of self-governing community with local self-government, it is hoped that the customary law community unit which has been part of the village territory will be organized in such a way as a village and customary village. In summary, the principles of recognition and subsidiarity have changed the state's control / control approach to the village and have positioned the village as the subject of development.
EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN PROGRAM HOME INDUSTRY UNGGULAN DI KOTA PALOPO
Authors: Ulfa Ulfa , Kusumayani Dhela Auliya , Armin Rizka Amelia
Published: October 2022

This study aims to describe the policy evaluation of the Featured Home Industry program in Palopo City by looking at the program policy evaluation indicators, namely technical feasibility, economic and financial opportunities, political support capacity, and organizational carrying capacity. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research type intended to reveal the problem to be investigated by describing the subject and object of research based on existing facts about the Khilan Industry program. Data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation of a number of informants. The results showed that initially the khilan program could improve the economic level of the community, but the subsequent development of the achievement of the results was not optimal because of the 50 khilan groups that were previously members of the khilan group, now only 3 groups are still actively producing, selling raw materials for making khilan products in the form of zaro snacks. purchased from the khilan group at low prices, while the manufacturing process takes days, causing bottlenecks in the production of raw materials.
KARAKTERISTIK DAN HAKEKAT PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH
Authors: Linda Sisi Ade , Zufriani Zufriani , Witro Doli
Published: October 2022

The birth and formation of laws and regulations related to sharia economic law are based on the growing development of sharia financial institutions (LKS). The operation of Islamic financial institutions must, of course, be following Islamic principles, namely those based on the Qur'an and hadith. Then the formation of laws and regulations of sharia economic law is rooted in fiqh muamalah. The research method used in this study is library research using library data from books, scientific articles, and others. Data analysis techniques are condensation, data presentation, and concluding. The study results show that the legislation related to Islamic economics, especially in Islamic banking, is widely absorbed from the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI). Almost all MUI fatwas were absorbed as the basis for forming the Sharia Banking Law. There are several characteristics of the Act, namely universal, maslahah, varied, fairness in transactions, and transparency.
Students Perspective on Online Learning During Covid -19 at Rural Area Thailand
Authors: Talimbekas Marianne Putri , Arifani Yudhi
Published: October 2022

The main reason for this exploratory study was to identify the general mentality of Thai high school. Students en route to mandatory virtual learning process amid coronavirus (COVID-19). The sample exam included 130 2nd school students for the 1st school, which included three different grades namely M1 (32 students), M2 (34 students) and M3 (30 students). And also the second school (30 students). An online survey method was used to collect information on Thai high school students'' perspectives on internet education. The 10-item questionnaire was used to assess the effectiveness of online learning. A pilot test of the survey was conducted among students at Ban Nonsawan School in Loei & Sansern Islam School in Songkhla,Thailand. The majority Secondary education students surveyed have doubts about online/digital learning. Lack of access to internet facilities, lack of proper interaction and contact with students and teachers, and inefficient technology are some of the biggest challenges faced by high school students in Thailand. Especially in rural schools.
‘School’s Out, But Class’s on’: Experiences of Foreign Teachers Teaching EFL Online in China during the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Fouche Nicholas Vorster , Moodley Maglin
Published: October 2022

Education the world over has experienced the impact of COVID-19 on the various aspects in teaching and learning. In China, the Ministry of Education started a campaign called the School’s Out, But Class’s on campaign. The majority of schools migrated from face-to-face teaching to online teaching during the nationwide lockdown. Both local Chinese teachers as well as foreign teachers teaching EFL in China experienced a range of challenges during the migration to online teaching. This study focused exclusively on foreign teachers who taught EFL in China during the COVID-19 lockdown. A mixed methods research approach was used, which saw data being collected from a sample of foreign EFL teachers from four western countries. These participants responded to an online survey and an in-depth interview regarding their teaching experiences during the COVID-19 lockdown in Guangdong, China. The results of this study indicated that majority of the participants had a negative experience regarding online teaching in China. This negative experience was greatly attributed to the lack of training and support they as foreign teachers received in China. The results further highlighted the challenges foreign teachers experienced with regards to culture and adopting cultural norms of Chinese society. Recommendations from this study, include a review of training of EFL teachers by institutions to accommodate issues around culture and cultural norms and finally the training of EFL teachers in using the different learning management systems located within the educational space.
The Analysis of the Song Lyrics of the Energy of Asia Music Album from the Perspective of Systemic Functional Grammar
Authors: Purwandari Septyana Atik , Hidayat Didin Nuruddin , Waliyadin Waliyadin , Syafii S Muhammad
Published: October 2022

Music has played a role as the media in modern society. It is used not only to be listened to accompany in doing activities but also as the media to inform people about what is happening around them. This study aims to investigate the most frequent occurrence of mood system and adjunct of each lyric and describe the modality realized in the lyric of Energy of Asia’s album of the 2018 Asian Games, to find the transitivity processes, and to find the textual meaning (theme) of the song lyrics. In this descriptive qualitative research, three song lyrics from the "Energy of Asia" music album released in 2018 were selected, including nonpolitical Asian dance, unbeatable, and dance tonight. The analysis of the data involved some activities, including listening to the songs, finding the printed lyrics of the songs, analyzing the clauses based on the mood residue elements, describing the most frequent used-mood types, seeing the modality finite and mood adjunct, finding the transitivity process, and the textual meaning occurred on the song lyrics and making a conclusion. This paper attempts to reveal how the perspective of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) is employed to analyze song lyrics. The result of this study showed that the message in the lyrics is mostly about the pride of being Indonesian people in celebrating the Asian Games and motivating the players to be the winner in this event.
Duo Lingo Application for Teaching Speaking Skills Class: Students' Perception of Speech Ability
Authors: Syafrizal Syafrizal , Cahyaningrum Niken Sekar , Syamsun Tosi Rut
Published: October 2022

Effect of Duo Lingo application to improve speaking ability. Duo Lingo to enhance student speaking ability. There are several problems with speech fluency This study is intended to find out the effectiveness of the Duolingo application on students’ perception to improve their speaking skills. Thus, this study used a qualitative approach, especially using an ethnomethodology research design. Firstly, this study used a qualitative approach because the researcher is intended to reach the data from interviews students’ procedures for creating and managing a sense of objective reality. This study is involved 27 students of grade IX from one class. Almost all students know the application of Duolingo,The result of the questionnaire indicates that 10 Neutral, 15 Agree, 2 Strongly agree that Duolingo as media improves English skills. It indicates that most of the learners agree that Duolingo is a media to improve English skills. As a result, teachers should be encouraged to use this app in language instruction and learning. Furthermore, teachers must ensure that this application is capable of being used efficiently. Another significant factor to consider is the use of cell phones in the classroom because some schools restrict mobile phone use while the classroom.
Particular Approaches to the System of International Humanitarian Law Special Principles: Substance and Evolution
Authors: Yastrebova A. Yu.
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION. The list and the contents of branch (special) principles of IHL are considered to be a current subject of study. Along with the traditional legal approaches, the study forward additional theoretical arguments to include the environmental protection and the responsibility of officials and militaries for war crimes in the system of IHL principles. Besidesthat, it is obvious that the record of IHL prohibitions to belligerents as general international legal rules to conduct hostilities, is refined.   MATERIALS AND METHODS. The above study is based both on scientific researches of Russian and foreign authors in the field of IHL and analysis of international legal acts on universal level. Methodological basis of research includes general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, modeling and systematization) and special legal methods (legal comparativistics, formal legal).   RESEARCH RESULTS. Completed systematization of IHL principles shows combination of different legal concepts, either of which has a certain scientific value. It looks important to summarize the international legal sources and trends taking place in UN system in order to expand the list of the mentioned principles.   DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. In frames of this study the author is proposing the impartial assessments of established scientific approaches to definition and contents of IHL branch (special) principles. Both the forms of international legal cooperation of states to create an institution of responsibility for war crimes and the results of Nuremberg military tribunal regarding prevention of IHL violations are examined separately. The complimentary legal grounds of modern international courts functioning are determined by combination of national and interstate jurisdiction in the above field.
High optical correction system based 800x600 analog spatial light modulator
Authors: Bida Falah A. , Salman Muayad Hanoon , Naser Hayder A.
Published: October 2022

In this work, a modern optical system based on modulation technique is constructed to achieve the retrieval of optical defects and distortions of the images behind dark barriers.  A 800x600 analog spatial light modulator (SLM) is used in this technique with a 632.8nm He-Ne laser, a circular metallic mesh (CMM) is imaged and disturbed and then dealing with our system. The SLM was confirmed for irregularity improvement such as variable diffracted optical element (DOE) control. The obtained results showed that the effect of distortion has been treated and reduced to be minimum by controlling phase and amplitude modulation of the scattered wave front utilizing the SLM. The obtained images showed identical to the original image with limitation in the intensity distribution due to the pixelated structure of SLM. This technique represents the most appropriate solution to the problem of dispersion in images with the lowest costs and best results. The most important applications of this technology are the ability of providing high-resolution imaging where viewing through a deviant medium is inevitable.
Raman Scattering Enhancement by silver Nanostructures Prepared by Electrical Exploding Wire Technique
Authors: Moaen FatimaFatimah Jumaah , Humud Hammad R.
Published: October 2022

This project aims to fabricate nanostructures (AgNPS) using the  electrical exploding wire (EEW) technique using Rhodamine 6G dye as the probe molecule, investigate the effect of AgNPS on the absorption spectra and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activities, and advance  using porous silicon as an active substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the structural properties of the nanostructures (AgNPs). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to investigate surface morphology. A double beam UV-Vis Spectrophotometer was used to analyze the mixed R6G laser dye(of concentration 1x  M)  absorption spectra with the nanostructures AgNPS (of concentration 24x M). A sunshine Raman microscope device (the objective lens used was (50x)). was used to analyze R6G combined with nanostructures Raman spectra. All samples have shown SERS activity that increased with increasing the hot spots. The SERS enhancement factor for R6G dye(of 1x10-6 M concentration) when  mixed with (AgNPS) nanostructures has reached to(2.48 x 106) and the lowest detection limit reached to (1 x 10-14 M) at the wave number (1652 cm-1)  using excited laser source (λexc. = 532nm)
The Effect of Cold Plasma on pH, Creatine, and the Concentration of the Most Trace Elements in Human's Nails by Using X-ray Fluorescent Method
Authors: Muryoush Atheer Q.
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of cold plasma on nails pH, creatine levels and the accumulative of some trace elements in humans nails. Creatine levels in the blood, as well as pH and trace elements, were measured before and after (1, 2) months of plasma exposure in both gender (men and women) between the ages of 22 and 25 years. Nails are exposed to  cold plasma with a voltage of (175 volts) and (2 gas flow). After one month of exposure, there was no significant change in the levels of all parameters, but after 2 months, the concentration of creatine and pH had  reached  a near- neutral value. In both men and women,  calcium concentration increased and showed a positive response to cold plasma, while the vanadium element concentration did not change over time and remained stable at (7.3×10-4). The results clearly suggest that men respond more than women. The best results were obtained after two-month period of exposure.
Effect of Urban Expansion Indices Change by (R.S.) on Height of Convective Radix Layer around Baghdad Airport (Iraq)
Authors: Hassoon Ahmed F. , Ibraheem Nagham T.
Published: October 2022

Change in structure of land surface can affect atmospheric boundary layer and formation of internal boundary layer. This will change shear stresses and turbulent boundary layer. Change in low level wind shear and turbulent can affect air craft performance and has potentially adverse effects on flight safety during landing and taking-off stages. In this study, change in land area around Baghdad Airport and its effects on structure of boundary layer and radix layer through summer season (July from years 1985 and 2014) is examined. The examination is done through atmospheric data of radiosonde (at altitude more than 1500 m) and remote sensing by Landsat 5 and 8 images (circular region around airport has radius 3.250 km and the airport is considered the center of this circle). From analysis of hourly wind speed and temperature profile with height observed by radiosonde, change in convective radix layer can be determined at this period resulted from change structure of boundary layer depending on characteristic of landcover used in supervised classification. Building area increases from 18% in 1985 to 41% in 2014. These results enforced by positive values of built up index BI, that showed a decreases in 2014. All these elements changed convective radix layer from less than 500 m in summer 1985 to more than 700 m. There is a large fluctuation in radix layer height depended on convective and friction velocity at 2014 data. Thus indirect change in structure of convective layer will  affect  navigation movement of Baghdad International Airport.
The Prevalence of Integron Classes Genes Among A. Baumannii Isolates
Authors: Mahmood Suhad S
Published: October 2022

Acinetobacter baumannii has been recently classified as a major threat to public health because it has resistant to almost all antibiotics and there are many reasons that are responsible for conferring this feature to A. baumannii. One of these reasons is integrons so in this study we show the role of the integrons in providing resistance to some antibiotics. A number of 60 isolates were collected from different clinical sources of patients who were admitted to Baghdad hospitals and all isolates were diagnosed using biochemical tests and confirmed using  Chrom-ager culture media, and Vitek 2 compact system. The antibiotic susceptibility test was determined during this study using Kirby-Bauer method and the results of susceptibility demonstrate that these bacteria are responsible for providing resistance to Amikacin, Trimethoprim, Piperacillin, Cefepime, Tetracycline, Ampicillin-sulbactam, Imipenem, and levofloxacin. All isolates show high resistance to trimethoprim and low resistance to tetracycline. The presence of integrons in A. baumannii was detected using conventional polymerase chain reactions. The results showed integron class I was found in all 60 isolates with a percentage (100%) while integron class II was found only in 7 isolates with a percentage  (11.6%) and the results of detection showed integron class III are not found in the examined isolates. This study conclude that all  A. baumnnii isolates had the strongest resistance to various antibiotics, and the class 1 integron appeared to be the most dominant class among class II and III .
Prediction of Deleterious Non-Synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (Nssnps) of Human TLR7 Gene
Authors: Gaaib Jawdat N.
Published: October 2022

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in innate immune response activation against viruses. TLR7, one of the TLRs family, is potentially important in controlling viral infection and the production of vaccines against the virus. The wide spectrum of discrepancy in response to antiviral drugs among different populations which is emerged by some pandemics like COVID-19 might be due to their different TLR7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The present study aimed to investigate the consequences of 401 non-synonymous missense SNPs (nsSNPs) within TLR7 on its protein structure, stability, and function by using specific bioinformatics tools. Seven bioinformatics tools were used to investigate 401 TLR7 nsSNPs from the dbSNP database. The results showed that the six variations, rs1171508003 (R262H), rs35160120 (F580S), rs968155471 (H587Q), rs202028806 (Y871D), rs1331496205 (W933S), and rs181600414 (R1004W), were found to be extremely deleterious by all of the employed bioinformatics tools. All six variations showed an impact on the protein’s structure, function, and stability. Among them, Y871D (rs202028806) and R1004W (rs181600414) were revealed as the most damaging nsSNPs. This study suggested that the predicted six damaging variants of TLR7 could indirectly or directly destabilize the structure of protein and deviate its function to some extent.
Investigate and Prepare silver Nano Particles Using Jet Plasma
Authors: Noori Aiyah S. , Aadim Kadhim A. , Hussein Alyaa H.
Published: October 2022

Nano- particles (Ag NPs) are synthesized by using plasma Jet  argon gas. The prepared Ag NPs are characterized by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) The measure was performed for different time exposuring 15,30,45 and 60 sec. The results shows the low concentration of nano-silver time expose (15 sec) and very) and high concentration at 60 sec. The UV-VIS spectrometer for nano-silver different time exsposuring to plasma, shows the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) appeared around 419 nm, and the  energy gab is 4.1 eV for the 15 second exposure and 1.6eV for 60 second exposure.  The Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM) is used to identify the characterization of silver  nanoparticles, the average diameter of nano-silver  for 15 second exposure  is equal to 69.00 nm,  for 60 second exposure  the average  is equal to 54.87 nm
The Influence of CeO2 Concentration on Some Physical Properties of Y2O3 Thin Films
Authors: Karem Ikram Kamel abd , Hamdan Suhad A.
Published: October 2022

Thin films of pure yttrium oxide (Y2O3) and doped with cerium oxide (CeO2) were prepared by the chemical spray pyrolysis(CSP)method. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the prepared films were investigated. The analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) thin films revealed that the undoped and doped Y2O3  were amorphous with a broad hump around 27o and narrow humps around 48o and 62o for all samples. Except for the Y2O3:6wt.%CeO2 thin film, all had signal preferential orientation along the (100) plane at 2θ=12.71o which belongs to CeO2, Field emission scanning electron microscopic (FE-SEM) images confirmed the formation of the nanosized particles which resembles circles and others revealed rods and balls shape. UV-Vis spectra study showed peak absorption at a wavelength of 305 nm, with blue shift due to quantum confinement, and this also happened for the doped films, with direct energy band gaps. The photoluminescence spectra (PL) of undoped Y2O3 and doped thin films showed an emission peak at 365 nm at the same wavelength of all the prepared samples with a slight difference. All prepared films show three activation energies except Y2O3:6wt.%CeO2 film has two activation energies. From I-V characteristic curves, the prepared films have Schottky behavior except  Y2O3:6wt.%CeO2 film, which displayed ohmic behavior. Y2O3:6wt.%CeO2 fabricated device revealed good photosensitivity for VIS and IR wavelength.
Spectroscopic Diagnosis of Arc Carbon and Magnesium Plasma
Authors: Hussein Nada K. , Kadhem S. J.
Published: October 2022

This research aims to investigate parameters for magnesium (Mg)  carbon (C), and carbon/magnesium plasma produced by the exploding electrical wire (EEW) technique. In this work, C and Mg nanoparticles were synthesized. The plasma spectra with three different current values (50, 75 and 100A) were recorded using optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The plasma electron temperature (Te), electron density (ne), plasma frequency (fp), Debye length (ℷD), and Debye number (ND) provided by arc discharge plasma were  calculated. Boltzmann plots were  used to calculate the electron temperature (Te); electron density (ne) was calculated by Stark broadening . The results showed that the electron temperature and electron density increased with the increase of current.  For carbon plasma, Te increased from (1.243 to 1.533) eV, and ne increased from (8.762 to 9.857) cm-3. Te for magnesium plasma increased from (0.508 to 0.724)eV  and ne increased from(6.700 to 10.420) cm-3. When the magnesium strip was exploded in carbon suspension, Te  increased from (0.744 to 0.851) eV, and electron density was raised from (5.738 to 9.304)cm-3.
Determination of Differential Cross-Section of (n+89Y) Elastic and Inelastic Scattering using Eikonal Approximation
Authors: Ali Akram Mohammed , Mohammed Hajer Mezban
Published: October 2022

Neutron differential-elastic and inelastic scattering cross-sections of Yttrium-89 isotope were calculated at energies 8,10,12,14, and 17 MeV, at angles distributed between 20o and 180o in the center of mass frame. The obtained results data were interpreted using a spherical optical potential model and Eikonal approximation, to examine the effect of the first-order Eikonal correction on the effective potential. The real and imaginary parts of optical potential were calculated. It was found that the nominal imaginary potential increase monotonically while the effective imaginary one has a pronounced minimum around r = 6fm and then increases. The analysis of the relative energy of the projectile and reaction product was taken into account. The main results were compared with available experimental data at EXFOR.
Quantum Mechanical Calculations and Electrochemical Study of Vibrational Frequencies, Energies in Some Flavonoids molecules
Authors: Razooqi Mustafa S. , Al-Ani Huda N.
Published: October 2022

Quantum mechanical computations is conducted using DFT (Density Functional Theory) and PM3 (Parameterized Model 3), also, using DFT of (B3LYP) with a 6-311++G (d, p) with G09 application. These molecular three components include structure, electronic charge density and energetic characteristics of chosen phytomedicine compounds. The impact of functional groups on physical characteristics were studied using myricetin, linebacker, and flavone because of their chemical structures. For phytomedicine compounds, we utilized quantum mechanical simulations to estimate bond length, energy, vibration(vib.) modes, charge density and mechanical properties (cruelty, strength, stiffness, for the measurements of the lengths and energy of the bonds). Herzberg convention is used to look for the connections between the frequencies of similar modes which was used. IR absorption of the highest vibration frequencies modes of 3N-6 was measured and assigned for all species. Physical parameters were also calculated these include: heat of production, amount of energy, atomic electronic charge density, dipole moment and (E gap) (E = ELUMO-EHOMO). For three phytomedicine molecules, quantum chemical properties were combined. This software also computed and evaluated the electronic charge density distribution on atoms of 3 molecules. The equilibrium geometries of all three molecules were studied.
Biostratigraphy of the Early Cretaceous Mauddud Formation in Ratawi Oilfield, Basrah Governorate, Southern Iraq
Authors: Ezzulddin Leqaa N. , Ibrahim Yasamin K.
Published: October 2022

The biostratigraphy of the Early Cretaceous Mauddud Formation was studied in the Ratawi Oilfield, Basra Governorate, southern Iraq, using integrated borehole data set (core and cutting samples and well logs) in two drilled wells to analyze the biostratigraphy of the formation.  One hundred eighty-three slides for both selected wells were investigated. The formation is composed of light grey dolomitized limestone and pseudo-oolitic creamy limestone with green to bluish shale. Three biozones were discriminated, these are: Orbitolina qatarica range zone; Orbitolina sefini range zone and Orbitolina concava range zone. The age of these biozones extends to include the Late Albian (Orbitolina qatarica); Late Albian-Early Cenomanian (Orbitolina sefini) and Early Cenomanian for (Orbitolina concava) zone. The fossils occurred are  Conicorbitolina conica, Coral, gastropoda, Miliolids, Nezzazata , Neoiraqia convexa, orbitolina discoidia, Orbitolina kurdica, Spiroluculina sp., trocholina sp .
The Effect of Mutual Interaction and Harvesting on Food Chain Model
Authors: Hassan Sarab Kazim , Jawad Shireen Rasool
Published: October 2022

This paper treats the interactions among four population species. The system includes one mutuality prey, one harvested prey and two predators. The four species interaction can be described as a food chain, where the first prey helps the second harvested prey. The first and the second predator attack the first and the second prey, respectively, according to Lotka-Volterra type functional responses. The model is formulated using differential equations. One equilibrium point of the model is found and analysed to reveal a threshold that will allow the coexistence of all species. All other equilibrium points of the system are located, with their local and global stability being assessed. To back up the conclusions of the mathematical analysis, a numerical simulation examination of the model is carried out. The system's coexistence can be achieved as long as the harvesting rate of the prey population is lower than its intrinsic growth rate.
New Path of Popularized Homogeneous Balance Method and Travelling Wave Solutions of a Nonlinear Klein-Gordon Equation
Authors: Ibrahim Israa A. , Hameed Raad A. , Taha Wafaa M. , Rasheed Maan A.
Published: October 2022

The aim of this paper is to obtain a set of traveling wave solutions for klein –Gorden equation with kerr law non-linearity. More precisely, we apply a new path of popularized homogeneous balance (HB) method in terms of using linear auxiliary equations to find the results of non-linear klein-Gorden equation, which is a fundamental approach to determine competent solutions. The solutions are achieved as the integration of exponential, hyperbolic, trigonometric and rational functions. Besides, some of the solutions are demonstrated by the3D graphics.
Telecom Churn Prediction based on Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Mahmood Israa N. , Abdullah Hasanen S.
Published: October 2022

The transition of customers from one telecom operator to another has a direct impact on the company's growth and revenue. Traditional classification algorithms fail to predict churn effectively. This research introduces a deep learning model for predicting customers planning to leave to another operator. The model works on a high-dimensional large-scale data set. The performance of the model was measured against other classification algorithms, such as Gaussian NB, Random Forrest, and Decision Tree in predicting churn. The evaluation was performed based on accuracy, precision, recall, F-measure, Area Under Curve (AUC), and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve. The proposed deep learning model performs better than other prediction models and achieves a high accuracy rate of 91%. Furthermore, it was noticed that the deep learning model outperforms a small size Neural Network for the customer churn prediction.
Enhancement Digital Forensic Approach for Inter-Frame Video Forgery Detection Using a Deep Learning Technique
Authors: Oraibi Mohammed R. , Radhi Abdulkareem M.
Published: October 2022

The digital world has been witnessing a fast progress in technology, which led to an enormous increase in using digital devices, such as cell phones, laptops, and digital cameras. Thus, photographs and videos function as the primary sources of legal proof in courtrooms concerning any incident or crime. It has become important to prove the trustworthiness of digital multimedia. Inter-frame video forgery one of common types of video manipulation performed in temporal domain. It deals with inter-frame video forgery detection that involves frame deletion, insertion, duplication, and shuffling. Deep Learning (DL) techniques have been proven effective in analysis and processing of visual media. Dealing with video data needs to handle the third dimension (the time dimension), which means extracting temporal features as well as spatial features. The proposed model is built based on the Three Dimension Convolution Neural Network (3D-CNN). Through pre-processing operation that introduced difference frames that pick up the difference in successive adjacent frames, which provide a large quantity of temporal information and lead to enhance the effectiveness of the proposed model. The model achieves high accuracy of 99%.
Demonstration of Net Solar Radiation Geographical Behavior Revers Correlation with Relative Humidity in Iraq
Authors: Azeez Laith
Published: October 2022

It is common that extraterrestrial solar radiation Ra value lessen due to the interaction with atmosphere components to result a net solar radiation Rn value about one third of Ra for most measurements on earth. Net solar radiation had major impact on air temperature (To) value statement. So, its estimation is crucial for analyzing the interaction of (atmosphere-vegetation-soil).
Many methodologies available for this aim directly (with radiometer) or indirectly (with air temperature-based formula or soil plus air temperatures-based formula). The peak influences of global warming phenomenon were in eighties decade of the last century, yielding Iraq Rn rates to get climax after that Rn rates behaved in geographical based style, so those rates raised in middle and south regions of Iraq, and descending in its northern parts. The reason (as demonstrated in this research) was the spatial correlation in a reverse manner with RH rates all over Iraq.
Determining the Best Rainwater Harvesting System in Al-Muthanna Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Al-Khafaji Dhuha S. , Abdulkareem Asraa Khtan , Al-Kubaisi Qusai Y.
Published: October 2022

Rainwater harvesting is one of the available solutions to overcome water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions with highly variable rainfall and unexpected periods of drought or floods. This study aims to identify the best rainwater harvesting system in Al-Muthanna governorate using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Landsat 8 images were used to produce the land use map which shows five different classes: water (0.2%), bare soil (82.11%), built-up (15.71%), forest (0.27%), and farmland and grass (1.71%). The results revealed that the rainwater harvesting system can be applied only in the north and north-eastern parts of the study area which consists of residential and agricultural areas and has a maximum monthly mean rainfall range of (85.32-157.21) mm. Rooftops, semi-circular bunds, and ponds are the most suitable systems for rainwater harvesting in Al-Muthanna. The rooftops system can provide 7000-13,500 litres of water for domestic purposes. Furthermore, if the water quality was low, it could be also used in agriculture practices or  to irrigate home gardens.
Trichomes Morphological Diversity in Some Species from Related Tribes of Asteraceae Family in Iraq
Authors: Khaleel Asmaa Noah , Al-Dobaissi Israa Abdul Razzaq Majed
Published: October 2022

This study includedepidermal appendages characters of ten species belongingto the familyAsteraceae.Most of the studied species are characterized by eglandular, glandular, trichomesand papillae which are variable according to itskind, number of cells, shape, dimensions, characteristicsof surrounding cells, wall thickness and the position. Results showed that all species included glandular and eglandulartrichomes exceptCosmos bipinnatus, Ecliptaprostrate, andEupatoriumcannabinum that lacked in glandular trichomes and were based on their specific details.Trichomes were divided into different groups. The glandular ones involved sessile glandular or group multicellular and the head wasmace-shaped or rounded.Whereaseglandulartrichomes are classified into various groups,unicellular trichomes group with obtuse or acute apex or with tuft shape or dendroid, dicellular.Trichome group uniserriate or biserriate, and multicellular trichome group which is widely different in their shapes, dimensions, number of cell and the position. Papillae distributed on stem, corolla, and stigma have triangular-shape with acute apex or finger-like shape with obtuse apex.Hence,trichomes reveal a taxonomic importance in species identification and determine the relationships among them in their tribes.
Detection of Efflux Pumps Gene and Relation with Antibiotics Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli (UPEC) Isolated from Patients with Cystitis
Authors: Ali Saher Amer , Al-Dahmoshi Hussein O.M.
Published: October 2022

Background: In recent years, the multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli has increased in urinary tract infections (UTIs). One of the highly distributed chromosomally encoded traits of resistance is efflux pump. The current study aimed to investigate the most common members of 5 classes of efflux pumps among uropathogenic E. coil isolates.
Methodology: E. coli isolates were isolated using conventional bacteriology tests   and confirmed by the uidA gene. An antibiotic susceptibility test has been done against 25 antibiotics using disc diffusion method. Efflux pump genes have been examined via polymerase chain reaction. Biofilm formation was investigated by a 96-well polystyrene microtiter plate.
Results: In total, 50 E. coli isolates were collected from UTIs. All isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime, while all isolates were sensitive to imipenem.  Also, 19 (38%) E. coli isolates were non-MDR, while 31 (62%) were MDR.  The frequency rates of different efflux pump genes ranged from 66% to 100%. The biofilm formation results indicated that 98% of isolates were biofilm former while 2% were non-biofilm. In total, 60% was weak biofilm, 24% was moderate, and 14% was strong biofilm former.
Conclusion: The current study concludes that all efflux pumps may be highly associated with resistance to amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime and moderately associated with cefepime, ceftriaxone, and cefixime and may be unrelated to the resistance of other studied antibiotics or the concentration of these antibiotics inadequate to induce the expression of these pumps. Additionally, biofilm formation was highly related to the presence of study pumps.
Novel Tamoxifen Citrate-Loaded Polymeric Nanoformulations for Improving Treatment and uses in medical applications: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Al-jubori Ali A. , Tawfeeq Amer T. , Sulaiman Ghassan M.
Published: October 2022

Tamoxifen citrate (TAM) is one of the most regularly used therapy in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Although it is a successful treatment, there is a problem with its bioavailability, accordingly this study was designed to improve TAM solubility and reduce its associated toxicity. TAM-Loaded poly (D, L-lactide –co- glycolide) nanostructure (TAM-loaded PLGA) has been synthesized and employed both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The blood hemolysis induced by TAM- loaded PLGA was 4.6 % at 200 µg mL-1, indicating that this nano-construct led to increased red blood cell protection. DNA molecule integrity was assessed and results indicated that DNA strands were protected from destruction at 200 µg mL-1. The antioxidant activity of TAM-loaded PLGA exceeded the pure TAM, it showed concentration-dependent scavenging action in the 100-200 µg mL-1 range, with a maximum activity of 79.2% at 200 µg mL-1. Whereas pure TAM had a decrement of 60.57%. While the activity of positive control (Vit. C) was 92.12%. Finally, the safety of TAM-loaded PLGA was examined in vivo. The functions of the heart, liver, and kidney in male mice injected with TAM-loaded PLGA were detected. A histopathological investigation was also included. TAM-loaded PLGA offered better properties as a drug delivery system, nutritional supplements, and pharmaceutical products.
Phytochemical Content, Inorganic Composition, Mineral Profile, and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Some Common Medicinal Plants
Authors: Al-Salman Fadheela , Redha Ali Ali , Aqeel Zainab , Ali Zahra
Published: October 2022

The current research focuses on the antioxidant activity, phytochemical, and inorganic content of five common medicinal plants: Asian pigeonwings, lemon balm, lemongrass, ginger, and turmeric. According to the phytochemical screening, flavonoids were present in all plants; tannins were present in lemon balm and lemongrass, saponins were present in all plants except lemongrass, and anthraquinone glycosides were detected only in turmeric. The aqueous extracts from lemon balm, Asian pigeonwings, and the methanolic extract from turmeric had the highest phenolic content, respectively. The inorganic composition of plants was determined using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Asian pigeonwings, ginger and turmeric are mainly composed of K, while lemon balm and lemongrass are mainly composed of Ca. The mineral profile of each herb was determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry analysis. The antioxidant activity of each herb was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity assay. Among the extracts, the aqueous extract from ginger had the highest antioxidant activity with a percentage of 88.05 ±0.31 %.