bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calculation of the Maximum Temperature of Diester-Based Magnetic Fluid Layers in High-Speed Seals
Authors: Cheng Yanhong , Su Zhe , Zhou Jiayi , Liu Zhifeng , Li Decai , Zhang Caixia , Xu Jingjing
Published: March 2023

Magnetic fluids, as smart nanomaterials, have been successfully used in sealing applications and other fields. However, the temperature of magnetic fluids in the sealing gap is a key factor affecting sealing performances, limiting their application in high-speed sealing fields. Since obtaining a direct measurement of the magnetic fluid’s temperature is difficult, due to the small clearance, accurately calculating the maximum temperature of the magnetic fluid layer in high-speed seals is crucial. Herein, a mathematical model for calculating the maximum temperature of the magnetic fluid layer was established, by using a reasonable simplification of high-speed sealing conditions, and the calculation formula was modified by studying the rheological properties of the diester-based magnetic fluid. The results suggest that the calculation of the maximum temperature is influenced by viscous dissipation, and both are related to the rheological characteristics of magnetic fluids. When the influence of rheological properties is ignored, the calculation results are not accurate for higher-velocity seals, but the calculation model applies to lower-velocity seals. When the influence of rheological properties is considered, the calculation results obtained by the corrected formula are more accurate, and they are applicable to both lower- and higher-velocity seals. This work can help us more accurately and conveniently estimate the maximum temperature of magnetic fluids in high-speed seal applications, which is of theoretical and practical research significance for determining sealing performances and thermal designs.
Machine Learning Predicting Optimal Preparation of Silica-Coated Gold Nanorods for Photothermal Tumor Ablation
Authors: Zhang Jintao , Yin Jinchang , Lai Ruiran , Wang Yue , Mao Baorui , Wu Haonan , Tian Li , Shao Yuanzhi
Published: March 2023

Gold nanorods (GNRs) coated with silica shells are excellent photothermal agents with high surface functionality and biocompatibility. Understanding the correlation of the coating process with both structure and property of silica-coated GNRs is crucial to their optimizing preparation and performance, as well as tailoring potential applications. Herein, we report a machine learning (ML) prediction of coating silica on GNR with various preparation parameters. A total of 306 sets of silica-coated GNRs altogether were prepared via a sol–gel method, and their structures were characterized to extract a dataset available for eight ML algorithms. Among these algorithms, the eXtreme gradient boosting (XGboost) classification model affords the highest prediction accuracy of over 91%. The derived feature importance scores and relevant decision trees are employed to address the optimal process to prepare well-structured silica-coated GNRs. The high-throughput predictions have been adopted to identify optimal process parameters for the successful preparation of dumbbell-structured silica-coated GNRs, which possess a superior performance to a conventional cylindrical core–shell counterpart. The dumbbell silica-coated GNRs demonstrate an efficient enhanced photothermal performance in vivo and in vitro, validated by both experiments and time domain finite difference calculations. This study epitomizes the potential of ML algorithms combined with experiments in predicting, optimizing, and accelerating the preparation of core–shell inorganic materials and can be extended to other nanomaterial research.
Controlled Growth of Semiconducting ZnO Nanorods for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting-Based Nanogenerators
Authors: Abubakar Shamsu , Tan Sin Tee , Liew Josephine Ying Chyi , Talib Zainal Abidin , Sivasubramanian Ramsundar , Vaithilingam Chockalingam Aravind , Indira Sridhar Sripadmanabhan , Oh Won-Chun , Siburian Rikson , Sagadevan Suresh , Paiman Suriati
Published: March 2023

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their piezoelectric properties and potential applications in energy harvesting, sensing, and nanogenerators. Piezoelectric energy harvesting-based nanogenerators have emerged as promising new devices capable of converting mechanical energy into electric energy via nanoscale characterizations such as piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). This technique was used to study the piezoresponse generated when an electric field was applied to the nanorods using a PFM probe. However, this work focuses on intensive studies that have been reported on the synthesis of ZnO nanostructures with controlled morphologies and their subsequent influence on piezoelectric nanogenerators. It is important to note that the diatomic nature of zinc oxide as a potential solid semiconductor and its electromechanical influence are the two main phenomena that drive the mechanism of any piezoelectric device. The results of our findings confirm that the performance of piezoelectric devices can be significantly improved by controlling the morphology and initial growth conditions of ZnO nanorods, particularly in terms of the magnitude of the piezoelectric coefficient factor (d33). Moreover, from this review, a proposed facile synthesis of ZnO nanorods, suitably produced to improve coupling and switchable polarization in piezoelectric devices, has been reported.
Assimilation of Nanoparticles of SiC, ZrC, and WC with Polyaryletherketone for Performance Augmentation of Adhesives
Authors: Marathe Umesh , Bijwe Jayashree
Published: March 2023

The present paper reports the analyses of results obtained from experiments carried out to explore the challenge of homogeneous, uniform, and deagglomerated dispersion of ultra-heavy nanoparticles (NPs) in the high-performance polyaryletherketone (PAEK) matrix. An equal and fixed amount of (0.5 vol. %) NPs of silicon carbide (SiC), zirconium carbide (ZrC), and tungsten carbide (WC) were dispersed in a PAEK matrix and compression molded to develop three different nanocomposites. Simultaneously, nano-adhesives of the same composition were also developed to join the stainless steel adherends. The composites and adhesives were characterized for their physical, thermal, thermo-mechanical, thermal conductivity (TC), and lap shear strength (LSS) behavior. It was observed that SiC NPs performed significantly better than ZrC and WC NCs in all performance properties (LSS: 154%, TC: 263%, tensile strength: 21%). Thermal conductivity (TC) and tensile properties were validated using various predictive models, such as the rule of mixture parallel model, the Chiew and Glandt model, and the Lewis model. Scanning electron micrographs were used for the morphological analysis of LSS samples to detect macro- and micro-failure. Micrographs showed evidence of micro-striation and plastic deformation as a micromodel, as well as mixed failure, i.e., adhesive–cohesive as a macro-failure mode.
Soy Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zuo Xinrong , Zhao Rui , Wu Minming , Wan Qianyi , Li Tao
Published: March 2023

Soy is rich in plant protein, isoflavones, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. To clarify the associations between soy intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) events, we performed a meta-analysis and review. A total of 1963 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 29 articles with 16,521 T2D and 54,213 CVDs events were identified by the eligibility criteria. During a follow-up of 2.5–24 years, the risk of T2D, CVDs, coronary heart disease, and stroke in participants with the highest soy consumption decreased by 17% (total relative risk (TRR) = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74–0.93), 13% (TRR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81–0.94), 21% (TRR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71–0.88), and 12% (TRR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79–0.99), respectively, compared to the lowest sot consumption. A daily intake of 26.7 g of tofu reduced CVDs risk by 18% (TRR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74–0.92) and 11.1 g of natto lowered the risk of CVDs by 17% (TRR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.78–0.89), especially stroke. This meta-analysis demonstrated that soy consumption was negatively associated with the risks of T2D and CVDs and a specific quantity of soy products was the most beneficial for the prevention of T2D and CVDs. This study has been registered on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022360504).
Factors Affecting BMI Changes in Mothers during the First Year Postpartum
Authors: Smethers Alissa D. , Trabulsi Jillian C. , Stallings Virginia A. , Papas Mia A. , Mennella Julie A.
Published: March 2023

We tested the hypotheses that mothers of infants who exclusively breastfed would differ in the trajectories of postpartum BMI changes than mothers of infants who exclusively formula fed, but such benefits would differ based on the maternal BMI status prepregnancy (primary hypothesis) and that psychological eating behavior traits would have independent effects on postpartum BMI changes (secondary hypothesis). To these aims, linear mixed-effects models analyzed measured anthropometric data collected monthly from 0.5 month (baseline) to 1 year postpartum from two groups of mothers distinct in infant feeding modality (Lactating vs. Non-lactating). While infant feeding modality group and prepregnancy BMI status had independent effects on postpartum BMI changes, the benefits of lactation on BMI changes differed based on prepregnancy BMI. When compared to lactating women, initial rates of BMI loss were significantly slower in the non-lactating women who were with Prepregnancy Healthy Weight (β = 0.63 percent BMI change, 95% CI: 0.19, 1.06) and with Prepregnancy Overweight (β = 2.10 percent BMI change, 95% CI: 1.16, 3.03); the difference was only a trend for those in the Prepregnancy Obesity group (β = 0.60 percent BMI change, 95% CI: −0.03, 1.23). For those with Prepregnancy Overweight, a greater percentage of non-lactating mothers (47%) gained ≥ 3 BMI units by 1 year postpartum than did lactating mothers (9%; p < 0.04). Psychological eating behavior traits of higher dietary restraint, higher disinhibition, and lower susceptibility to hunger were associated with greater BMI loss. In conclusion, while there are myriad advantages to lactation, including greater initial rates of postpartum weight loss regardless of prepregnancy BMI, mothers who were with overweight prior to the pregnancy experienced substantially greater loss if they breastfed their infants. Individual differences in psychological eating behavior traits hold promise as modifiable targets for postpartum weight management.
The COVID-19 Pandemic, Rising Inflation, and Their Influence on Dining Out Frequency and Spending
Authors: Gao Jingjing , Keenan Odessa E. , Johnson Abbey S. , Wilhelm Carissa A. , Paul Rajib , Racine Elizabeth F.
Published: March 2023

Background: High intake of food away from home is associated with poor diet quality. This study examines how the COVID-19 pandemic period and Food Away from Home (FAFH) inflation rate fluctuations influenced dining out behaviors. Methods: Approximately 2800 individuals in Texas reported household weekly dining out frequency and spending. Responses completed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (2019 to early 2020) were compared to the post-COVID-19 period (2021 through mid-2022). Multivariate analysis with interaction terms was used to test study hypotheses. Results and Conclusion: From the COVID-19 period (before vs. after), the unadjusted frequency of dining out increased from 3.4 times per week to 3.5 times per week, while the amount spent on dining out increased from $63.90 to $82.20. Once the relationship between dining out (frequency and spending) was adjusted for FAFH interest rate and sociodemographic factors, an increase in dining out frequency post-COVID-19 remained significant. However, the unadjusted increase in dining out spending did not remain significant. Further research to understand the demand for dining out post-pandemic is warranted.
Piceatannol Prevents Obesity and Fat Accumulation Caused by Estrogen Deficiency in Female Mice by Promoting Lipolysis
Authors: Arisawa Kotoko , Kaneko Miyuki , Matsuoka Ayumi , Ozawa Natsuki , Kawawa Rie , Ishikawa Tomoko , Ichi Ikuyo , Fujiwara Yoko
Published: March 2023

Postmenopausal women have a higher susceptibility to obesity and chronic disease. Piceatannol (PIC), a natural analog of resveratrol, was reported to inhibit adipogenesis and to have an antiobesity effect. In this study, PIC’s effect on postmenopausal obesity and the mechanism of its action were investigated. C57BL/6J female mice were divided into four groups and half of them were ovariectomized (OVX). Both OVX and sham-operated mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with and without the addition of 0.25% of PIC for 12 weeks. The abdominal visceral fat volume was higher in the OVX mice than the sham-operated mice, and PIC significantly decreased the fat volume only in the OVX mice. Unexpectedly, expression levels of adipogenesis-related proteins in white adipose tissue (WAT) were suppressed in the OVX mice, and PIC did not affect lipogenesis in either the OVX or sham-operated mice. Regarding the expression of proteins associated with lipolysis, PIC activated the phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase much more in the OVX mice, but it did not affect the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase. PIC also tended to induce the expression of uncoupled protein 1 in brown adipose tissue (BAT). These results suggest that by promoting lipolysis in WAT and deconjugation in BAT, PIC is a potential agent to inhibit fat accumulation caused by menopause.
An Evaluation of MINDFIT—A Student Therapeutic Running Group as a Multi-Layered Intervention in the United Kingdom
Authors: Gurung Jan , Turner James , Freeman Elizabeth , Coleman Charlotte , Iacovou Susan , Hemingway Steve
Published: March 2023

Background: Mental health is an ever-increasing concern for UK Universities and is underreported. Creative and dynamic approaches to tackle student wellbeing are important. In 2018, Sheffield Hallam University (SHU) Student Wellbeing Service initiated a pilot study of a therapeutic running programme ‘MINDFIT’ that combined physical activity, led by a counsellor, alongside a psychoeducation approach to support student mental health. Methods: Mixed methods were used which included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), evaluating low mood and depression, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7), evaluating levels of anxiety. Results: A total of 28 students were triaged onto a weekly programme over three semesters. Overall, 86% of the participants completed the programme. A promising reduction in the scores for PHQ-9 and GAD-7 was found at the end of the programme. Focus groups, with student participants, were held to gather qualitative data for analysis. After thematic analysis, three main themes emerged: “Creating a safe community”, “Making progress” and “Pathways to success”. Conclusions: MINDFIT was an effective and engaging multi-layered therapeutic approach. Recommendations identified the importance and effectiveness of the triage process in recruiting students and sustainability of the programme through the continued engagement of students post programme. More research is required to identify the long-term effects of the MINDFIT approach and how applicable it is to higher education contexts.
The Phytopathogen Fusarium verticillioides Modifies the Intestinal Morphology of the Sugarcane Borer
Authors: Gallan Diego Z. , Henrique Maressa O. , Silva-Filho Marcio C.
Published: March 2023

Background: In tropical sugarcane crops, the fungus Fusarium verticillioides, the agent responsible for the occurrence of the red rot complex, occurs in association with the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis. This fungus, in addition to being transmitted vertically, can manipulate both the insect and the plant for its own dissemination in the field. Due to the complex interaction between F. verticillioides and D. saccharalis, and the high incidence of the fungus in the intestinal region, our objective was to investigate whether F. verticillioides could alter the intestinal structure of the insect. Methods: We combined analysis of scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to identify whether the presence of the fungus F. verticillioides, in artificial diets or in sugarcane, could lead to any alteration or regional preference in the insect’s intestinal ultrastructure over the course of its development, or its offspring development, analyzing the wall and microvillous structures of the mid-digestive system. Results: Here, we show that the fungus F. verticillioides alters the intestinal morphology of D. saccharalis, promoting an increase of up to 3.3 times in the thickness of the midgut compared to the control. We also observed that the phytopathogen colonizes the intestinal microvilli for reproduction, suggesting that this region can be considered the gateway of the fungus to the insect’s reproductive organs. In addition, the colonization of this region promoted the elongation of microvillous structures by up to 180% compared to the control, leading to an increase in the area used for colonization. We also used the fungus Colletotrichum falcatum in the tests, and it did not differ from the control in any test, showing that this interaction is specific between D. saccharalis and F. verticillioides. Conclusions: The phytopathogenic host F. verticillioides alters the intestinal morphology of the vector insect in favor of its colonization.
In Vitro versus in Mice: Efficacy and Safety of Decoquinate and Quinoline-O-Carbamate Derivatives against Experimental Infection with Neospora caninum Tachyzoites
Authors: Ramseier Jessica , Imhof Dennis , Hänggeli Kai Pascal Alexander , Anghel Nicoleta , Boubaker Ghalia , Beteck Richard M. , Ortega-Mora Luis-Miguel , Haynes Richard K. , Hemphill Andrew
Published: March 2023

The effects of decoquinate (DCQ) and three O-quinoline-carbamate-derivatives were investigated using human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) infected with Neospora caninum tachyzoites. These compounds exhibited half-maximal proliferation inhibition (IC50s) from 1.7 (RMB060) to 60 nM (RMB055). Conversely, when applied at 5 (DCQ, RMB054) or 10µM (RMB055, RMB060), HFF viability was not affected. Treatments of infected cell cultures at 0.5µM altered the ultrastructure of the parasite mitochondrion and cytoplasm within 24 h, most pronounced for RMB060, and DCQ, RMB054 and RMB060 did not impair the viability of splenocytes from naïve mice. Long-term treatments of N. caninum-infected HFF monolayers with 0.5µM of each compound showed that only exposure to RMB060 over a period of six consecutive days had a parasiticidal effect, while the other compounds were not able to kill all tachyzoites in vitro. Thus, DCQ and RMB060 were comparatively assessed in the pregnant neosporosis mouse model. The oral application of these compounds suspended in corn oil at 10 mg/kg/day for 5 d resulted in a decreased fertility rate and litter size in the DCQ group, whereas reproductive parameters were not altered by RMB060 treatment. However, both compounds failed to protect mice from cerebral infection and did not prevent vertical transmission/pup mortality. Thus, despite the promising in vitro efficacy and safety characteristics of DCQ and DCQ-derivatives, proof of concept for activity against neosporosis could not be demonstrated in the murine model.
Co-Infection by LF-89-Like and EM-90-Like Genogroups of Piscirickettsia Salmonis in Farmed Atlantic Salmon in Chile: Implications for Surveillance and Control of Piscirickettsiosis
Authors: Rozas-Serri Marco , Peña Andrea , Gardner Ian , Peñaloza Estefanía , Maldonado Lucerina , Muñoz Ariel , Mardones Fernando O. , Rodríguez Catalina , Ildefonso Ricardo , Senn Carolina , Aranis Felipe
Published: March 2023

Piscirickettsiosis (SRS), caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis, is the main infectious disease that affects farmed Atlantic salmon in Chile. Currently, the official surveillance and control plan for SRS in Chile is based only on the detection of P. salmonis, but neither of its genogroups (LF-89-like and EM-90-like) are included. Surveillance at the genogroup level is essential not only for defining and evaluating the vaccination strategy against SRS, but it is also of utmost importance for early diagnosis, clinical prognosis in the field, treatment, and control of the disease. The objectives of this study were to characterize the spatio-temporal distribution of P. salmonis genogroups using genogroup-specific real-time probe-based polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to discriminate between LF-89-like and EM-90-like within and between seawater farms, individual fish, and tissues/organs during early infection in Atlantic salmon under field conditions. The spatio-temporal distribution of LF-89-like and EM-90-like was shown to be highly variable within and between seawater farms. P. salmonis infection was also proven to be caused by both genogroups at farm, fish, and tissue levels. Our study demonstrated for the first time a complex co-infection by P. salmonis LF-89-like and EM-90-like in Atlantic salmon. Liver nodules (moderate and severe) were strongly associated with EM-90-like infection, but this phenotype was not detected by infection with LF-89-like or co-infection of both genogroups. The detection rate of P. salmonis LF-89-like increased significantly between 2017 and 2021 and was the most prevalent genogroup in Chilean salmon aquaculture during this period. Lastly, a novel strategy to identify P. salmonis genogroups based on novel genogroup-specific qPCR for LF-89-like and EM-90-like genogroups is suggested.
Regulation of Hypoxic–Adenosinergic Signaling by Estrogen: Implications for Microvascular Injury
Authors: Cassavaugh Jessica , Qureshi Nada , Csizmadia Eva , Longhi Maria Serena , Matyal Robina , Robson Simon C.
Published: March 2023

Loss of estrogen, as occurs with normal aging, leads to increased inflammation, pathologic angiogenesis, impaired mitochondrial function, and microvascular disease. While the influence of estrogens on purinergic pathways is largely unknown, extracellular adenosine, generated at high levels by CD39 and CD73, is known to be anti-inflammatory in the vasculature. To further define the cellular mechanisms necessary for vascular protection, we investigated how estrogen modulates hypoxic–adenosinergic vascular signaling responses and angiogenesis. Expression of estrogen receptors, purinergic mediators inclusive of adenosine, adenosine deaminase (ADA), and ATP were measured in human endothelial cells. Standard tube formation and wound healing assays were performed to assess angiogenesis in vitro. The impacts on purinergic responses in vivo were modeled using cardiac tissue from ovariectomized mice. CD39 and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) levels were markedly increased in presence of estradiol (E2). Suppression of ERα resulted in decreased CD39 expression. Expression of ENT1 was decreased in an ER-dependent manner. Extracellular ATP and ADA activity levels decreased following E2 exposure while levels of adenosine increased. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 increased following E2 treatment and was attenuated by blocking adenosine receptor (AR) and ER activity. Estradiol boosted angiogenesis, while inhibition of estrogen decreased tube formation in vitro. Expression of CD39 and phospho-ERK1/2 decreased in cardiac tissues from ovariectomized mice, whereas ENT1 expression increased with expected decreases in blood adenosine levels. Estradiol-induced upregulation of CD39 substantially increases adenosine availability, while augmenting vascular protective signaling responses. Control of CD39 by ERα follows on transcriptional regulation. These data suggest novel therapeutic avenues to explore in the amelioration of post-menopausal cardiovascular disease, by modulation of adenosinergic mechanisms.
Trypanosoma cruzi Sirtuin 2 as a Relevant Druggable Target: New Inhibitors Developed by Computer-Aided Drug Design
Authors: Ferreira Glaucio Monteiro , Kronenberger Thales , Maltarollo Vinicius Gonçalves , Poso Antti , de Moura Gatti Fernando , Almeida Vitor Medeiros , Marana Sandro Roberto , Lopes Carla Duque , Tezuka Daiane Yukie , de Albuquerque Sérgio , da Silva Emery Flavio , Trossini Gustavo Henrique Goulart
Published: March 2023

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, relies on finely coordinated epigenetic regulation during the transition between hosts. Herein we targeted the silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) enzyme, a NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylase, to interfere with the parasites’ cell cycle. A combination of molecular modelling with on-target experimental validation was used to discover new inhibitors from commercially available compound libraries. We selected six inhibitors from the virtual screening, which were validated on the recombinant Sir2 enzyme. The most potent inhibitor (CDMS-01, IC50 = 40 μM) was chosen as a potential lead compound.
30th Annual GP2A Medicinal Chemistry Conference
Authors: O’Boyle Niamh M. , Helesbeux Jean-Jacques , Meegan Mary J. , Sasse Astrid , O’Shaughnessy Elizabeth , Qaisar Alina , Clancy Aoife , McCarthy Florence , Marchand Pascal
Published: March 2023

The Group for the Promotion of Pharmaceutical Chemistry in Academia (GP2A) held their 30th annual conference in August 2022 in Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. There were 9 keynote presentations, 10 early career researcher presentations and 41 poster presentations.
The Structural Characteristics of Compounds Interacting with the Amantadine-Sensitive Drug Transport System at the Inner Blood–Retinal Barrier
Authors: Shinozaki Yusuke , Tega Yuma , Akanuma Shin-ichi , Hosoya Ken-ichi
Published: March 2023

Blood-to-retina transport across the inner blood–retinal barrier (BRB) is a key determinant of retinal drug concentration and pharmacological effect. Recently, we reported on the amantadine-sensitive drug transport system, which is different from well-characterized transporters, at the inner BRB. Since amantadine and its derivatives exhibit neuroprotective effects, it is expected that a detailed understanding of this transport system would lead to the efficient retinal delivery of these potential neuroprotective agents for the treatment of retinal diseases. The objective of this study was to characterize the structural features of compounds for the amantadine-sensitive transport system. Inhibition analysis conducted on a rat inner BRB model cell line indicated that the transport system strongly interacts with lipophilic amines, especially primary amines. In addition, lipophilic primary amines that have polar groups, such as hydroxy and carboxy groups, did not inhibit the amantadine transport system. Furthermore, certain types of primary amines with an adamantane skeleton or linear alkyl chain exhibited a competitive inhibition of amantadine uptake, suggesting that these compounds are potential substrates for the amantadine-sensitive drug transport system at the inner BRB. These results are helpful for producing the appropriate drug design to improve the blood-to-retina delivery of neuroprotective drugs.
Myricetin Nanofibers Enhanced Water Solubility and Skin Penetration for Increasing Antioxidant and Photoprotective Activities
Authors: Lin Tzu-Ching , Yang Chun-Yin , Wu Tzu-Hui , Tseng Chih-Hua , Yen Feng-Lin
Published: March 2023

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) can induce oxidative stress through the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the skin. Myricetin (MYR), a natural flavonoid compound, significantly inhibited UV-induced keratinocyte damage; however, its bioavailability is limited by its poor water solubility and inefficient skin penetration ability, which subsequently influences its biological activity. The purpose of the study was to develop a myricetin nanofibers (MyNF) system of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD)/polyvinylpyrrolidone K120 (PVP)-loaded with MYR that would enhance the water solubility and skin penetration by changing the physicochemical characteristics of MYR, including reducing the particle size, increasing the specific surface area, and amorphous transformation. The results also revealed that the MyNF can reduce cytotoxicity in HaCaT keratinocytes when compared with MYR; additionally, MyNF had better antioxidant and photoprotective activity than raw MYR for the UVB-induced HaCaT keratinocytes damage model due to the MyNF increased water solubility and permeability. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that MyNF is a safe, photostable, and thermostable topical ingredient of antioxidant nanofibers to enhance the skin penetration of MYR and prevent UVB-induced skin damage.
The Effect of Particle Shape on the Compaction of Realistic Non-Spherical Particles—A Multi-Contact DEM Study
Authors: Giannis Kostas , Kwade Arno , Finke Jan Henrik , Schilde Carsten
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the deformation behavior of non-spherical particles during high-load compaction using the multi-contact discrete element method (MC-DEM). To account for non-spherical particles, the bonded multi-sphere method (BMS), which incorporates intragranular bonds between particles, and the conventional multi-sphere (CMS), where overlaps between particles are allowed to form a rigid body, were used. Several test cases were performed to justify the conclusions of this study. The bonded multi-sphere method was first employed to study the compression of a single rubber sphere. This method’s ability to naturally handle large elastic deformations is demonstrated by its agreement with experimental data. This result was validated further through detailed finite element simulations (multiple particle finite element method (MPFEM)). Furthermore, the conventional multi-sphere (CMS) approach, in which overlaps between particles are allowed to form a rigid body, was used for the same objective, and revealed the limitations of this method in successfully capturing the compression behavior of a single rubber sphere. Finally, the uniaxial compaction of a microcrystalline cellulose-grade material, Avicel® PH 200 (FMC BioPolymer, Philadelphia, PA, USA), subjected to high confining conditions was studied using the BMS method. A series of simulation results was obtained with realistic non-spherical particles and compared with the experimental data. For a system composed of non-spherical particles, the multi-contact DEM showed very good agreement with experimental data.
Preparation and Evaluation of a Dosage Form for Individualized Administration of Lyophilized Probiotics
Authors: Fülöpová Nicole , Chomová Natália , Elbl Jan , Mudroňová Dagmar , Sivulič Patrik , Pavloková Sylvie , Franc Aleš
Published: March 2023

Probiotics have been used in human and veterinary medicine to increase resistance to pathogens and provide protection against external impacts for many years. Pathogens are often transmitted to humans through animal product consumption. Therefore, it is assumed that probiotics protecting animals may also protect the humans who consume them. Many tested strains of probiotic bacteria can be used for individualized therapy. The recently isolated Lactobacillus plantarum R2 Biocenol™ has proven to be preferential in aquaculture, and potential benefits in humans are expected. A simple oral dosage form should be developed to test this hypothesis by a suitable preparation method, i.e., lyophilization, allowing the bacteria to survive longer. Lyophilizates were formed from silicates (Neusilin® NS2N; US2), cellulose derivates (Avicel® PH-101), and saccharides (inulin; saccharose; modified starch® 1500). They were evaluated for their physicochemical properties (pH leachate, moisture content, water absorption, wetting time, DSC tests, densities, and flow properties); their bacterial viability was determined in conditions including relevant studies over 6 months at 4 °C and scanned under an electron microscope. Lyophilizate composed of Neusilin® NS2N and saccharose appeared to be the most advantageous in terms of viability without any significant decrease. Its physicochemical properties are also suitable for capsule encapsulation, subsequent clinical evaluation, and individualized therapy.
A Small Sugar Molecule with Huge Potential in Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Pastuch-Gawołek Gabriela , Szreder Julia , Domińska Monika , Pielok Mateusz , Cichy Piotr , Grymel Mirosława
Published: March 2023

The number of cancer-related diseases is still growing. Despite the availability of a large number of anticancer drugs, the ideal drug is still being sought that would be effective, selective, and overcome the effect of multidrug resistance. Therefore, researchers are still looking for ways to improve the properties of already-used chemotherapeutics. One of the possibilities is the development of targeted therapies. The use of prodrugs that release the bioactive substance only under the influence of factors characteristic of the tumor microenvironment makes it possible to deliver the drug precisely to the cancer cells. Obtaining such compounds is possible by coupling a therapeutic agent with a ligand targeting receptors, to which the attached ligand shows affinity and is overexpressed in cancer cells. Another way is to encapsulate the drug in a carrier that is stable in physiological conditions and sensitive to conditions of the tumor microenvironment. Such a carrier can be directed by attaching to it a ligand recognized by receptors typical of tumor cells. Sugars seem to be ideal ligands for obtaining prodrugs targeted at receptors overexpressed in cancer cells. They can also be ligands modifying polymers’ drug carriers. Furthermore, polysaccharides can act as selective nanocarriers for numerous chemotherapeutics. The proof of this thesis is the huge number of papers devoted to their use for modification or targeted transport of anticancer compounds. In this work, selected examples of broad-defined sugars application for improving the properties of both already-used drugs and substances exhibiting anticancer activity are presented.
Photobiomodulation in Alzheimer’s Disease—A Complementary Method to State-of-the-Art Pharmaceutical Formulations and Nanomedicine?
Authors: Ailioaie Laura Marinela , Ailioaie Constantin , Litscher Gerhard
Published: March 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as a neurodegenerative disorder, usually develops slowly but gradually worsens. It accounts for approximately 70% of dementia cases worldwide, and is recognized by WHO as a public health priority. Being a multifactorial disease, the origins of AD are not satisfactorily understood. Despite huge medical expenditures and attempts to discover new pharmaceuticals or nanomedicines in recent years, there is no cure for AD and not many successful treatments are available. The current review supports introspection on the latest scientific results from the specialized literature regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of brain photobiomodulation, as a complementary method with implications in AD. State-of-the-art pharmaceutical formulations, development of new nanoscale materials, bionanoformulations in current applications and perspectives in AD are highlighted. Another goal of this review was to discover and to speed transition to completely new paradigms for the multi-target management of AD, to facilitate brain remodeling through new therapeutic models and high-tech medical applications with light or lasers in the integrative nanomedicine of the future. In conclusion, new insights from this interdisciplinary approach, including the latest results from photobiomodulation (PBM) applied in human clinical trials, combined with the latest nanoscale drug delivery systems to easily overcome protective brain barriers, could open new avenues to rejuvenate our central nervous system, the most fascinating and complex organ. Picosecond transcranial laser stimulation could be successfully used to cross the blood-brain barrier together with the latest nanotechnologies, nanomedicines and drug delivery systems in AD therapy. Original, smart and targeted multifunctional solutions and new nanodrugs may soon be developed to treat AD.
Cataleptogenic Effect of Haloperidol Formulated in Water-Soluble Calixarene-Based Nanoparticles
Authors: Kashapova Nadezda E. , Kashapov Ruslan R. , Ziganshina Albina Y. , Nikitin Dmitry O. , Semina Irina I. , Salnikov Vadim V. , Khutoryanskiy Vitaliy V. , Moustafine Rouslan I. , Zakharova Lucia Y.
Published: March 2023

In this study, a water-soluble form of haloperidol was obtained by coaggregation with calix[4]resorcinol bearing viologen groups on the upper rim and decyl chains on the lower rim to form vesicular nanoparticles. The formation of nanoparticles is achieved by the spontaneous loading of haloperidol into the hydrophobic domains of aggregates based on this macrocycle. The mucoadhesive and thermosensitive properties of calix[4]resorcinol–haloperidol nanoparticles were established by UV-, fluorescence and CD spectroscopy data. Pharmacological studies have revealed low in vivo toxicity of pure calix[4]resorcinol (LD50 is 540 ± 75 mg/kg for mice and 510 ± 63 mg/kg for rats) and the absence of its effect on the motor activity and psycho-emotional state of mice, which opens up a possibility for its use in the design of effective drug delivery systems. Haloperidol formulated with calix[4]resorcinol exhibits a cataleptogenic effect in rats both when administered intranasally and intraperitoneally. The effect of the intranasal administration of haloperidol with macrocycle in the first 120 min is comparable to the effect of commercial haloperidol, but the duration of catalepsy was shorter by 2.9 and 2.3 times (p < 0.05) at 180 and 240 min, respectively, than that of the control. There was a statistically significant reduction in the cataleptogenic activity at 10 and 30 min after the intraperitoneal injection of haloperidol with calix[4]resorcinol, then there was an increase in the activity by 1.8 times (p < 0.05) at 60 min, and after 120, 180 and 240 min the effect of this haloperidol formulation was at the level of the control sample.
Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles with an Emergent Class of Azoimidazoles
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Isabel , Vieira Bárbara , Dantas Daniela , Silva Bárbara , Pinto Eugénia , Cerqueira Fátima , Silva Renata , Remião Fernando , Padrão Jorge , Dias Alice Maria , Zille Andrea
Published: March 2023

The combination of two or more agents capable of acting in synergy has been reported as a valuable tool to fight against pathogens. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) present a strong antimicrobial action, although their cytotoxicity for healthy cells at active concentrations is a major concern. Azoimidazole moieties exhibit interesting bioactivities, including antimicrobial activity. In this work, a class of recently described azoimidazoles with strong antifungal activity was conjugated with citrate or polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized AgNPs. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance was used to confirm the purity of the compounds before further tests and atomic absorption spectroscopy to verify the concentration of silver in the prepared dispersions. Other analytical techniques elucidate the morphology and stability of AgNPs and corresponding conjugates, namely ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, scanning transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis. The synergistic antimicrobial activity of the conjugates was assessed through a checkerboard assay against yeasts (Candida albicans and Candida krusei) and bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli). The conjugates showed improved antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms, in particular towards bacteria, with concentrations below their individual minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Furthermore, some combinations were found to be non-cytotoxic towards human HaCaT cells.
The Role of Urban Cemeteries in Ecosystem Services and Habitat Protection
Authors: Sallay Ágnes , Tar Imola Gecséné , Mikházi Zsuzsanna , Takács Katalin , Furlan Cecilia , Krippner Ulrike
Published: March 2023

Cemeteries, like urban public parks, are an important part of the urban ecosystem, providing semi-natural habitats for many plant and animal species as well as a wide range of ecosystem services: they improve air quality, reduce the urban heat island phenomenon and provide aesthetic and recreational value. This paper explores the role of the cemeteries in the green infrastructure network beyond their sacred and memorial role and their importance as a habitat for urban flora and fauna. In our study, we compared two large public cemeteries of Budapest (Nemzeti Sírkert/National Graveyard and Új Köztemető/New Public Cemetery) with the Zentralfriedhof Wien (Central Cemetery of Vienna), the latter of which has been forward-looking in terms of green infrastructure development and habitat creation in the past years. Our goal was to determine which maintenance technologies and green space development methods are most beneficial in terms of sustainable habitat creation and the use of appropriate plant species in public cemeteries.
Harnessing High Yield Potential in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Climate Change Scenario
Authors: Khan Hanif , Mamrutha Harohalli Masthigowda , Mishra Chandra Nath , Krishnappa Gopalareddy , Sendhil Ramadas , Parkash Om , Joshi Arun Kumar , Chatrath Ravish , Tyagi Bhudeva Singh , Singh Gyanendra , Singh Gyanendra Pratap
Published: March 2023

Wheat is a major staple food crop for food security in India and South Asia. The current rate (0.8–1.2%) of genetic gain in wheat is significantly shorter than the 2.4% needed to meet future demand. The changing climate and increased yield loss due to factors such as terminal heat stress necessitate the need for climate-resilient practices to sustain wheat production. At ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research in Karnal, Haryana, India, a new High Yield Potential Trial (HYPT) was conceptualized and subsequently conducted at six locations in the highly productive North Western Plain Zone (NWPZ). An attempt was made to harness higher wheat yields through the best pipeline genotypes suitable for early sowing and modified agronomic practices to explore the feasibility of a new approach that is profitable to farmers. The modified agronomic practices included like early sowing, application of 150% recommended dose of fertilizers, and two sprays of growth regulators (Chlormaquate chloride and Tebuconazole) to prevent lodging. The mean yield in the HYPT was 19.4% superior compared to the best trials conducted during the normal sowing time. A highly positive and significant correlation of grain yield with grain filling duration (0.51), biomass (0.73), harvest index (0.75), normalized difference vegetation Index (0.27), chlorophyll content index (0.32), and 1000-grain weight (0.62) was observed. An increased return of USD 201.95/ha was realized in the HYPT when compared to normal sowing conditions. This study proves that new integrated practices have the potential to provide the best profitable yields in wheat in the context of climate change.
Invasive Species Change Plant Community Composition of Preserved Prairie Pothole Wetlands
Authors: Jones Seth A. , DeKeyser Edward S. , Dixon Cami , Kobiela Breanna
Published: March 2023

Plant communities in North American prairie pothole wetlands vary depending on hydrology, salinity, and anthropogenic disturbance in and around the wetland. We assessed prairie pothole conditions on United States Fish and Wildlife Service fee-title lands in North Dakota and South Dakota to improve our understanding of current conditions and plant community composition. Species-level data were collected at 200 randomly chosen temporary and seasonal wetland sites located on native prairie remnants (n = 48) and previously cultivated lands that were reseeded into perennial grassland (n = 152). The majority of species surveyed appeared infrequently and were low in relative cover. The four most frequently observed species were introduced invasive species common to the Prairie Pothole Region of North America. Our results suggested relative cover of a few invasive species (i.e., Bromus inermis Leyss., Phalaris arundinacea L., and Typha ×glauca Godr. (pro sp.) [angustifolia or domingensis × latifolia]) affect patterns of plant community composition. Wetlands in native and reseeded grasslands possessed distinct plant community composition related to invasive species’ relative cover. Invasive species continue to be prevalent throughout the region and pose a major threat to biological diversity, even in protected native prairie remnants. Despite efforts to convert past agricultural land into biologically diverse, productive ecosystems, invasive species continue to dominate these landscapes and are becoming prominent in prairie potholes located in native areas.
Response of Rowan Berry (Sorbus redliana) Shoot Culture to Slow Growth Storage Conditions
Authors: Mendler-Drienyovszki Nóra , Magyar-Tábori Katalin
Published: March 2023

Slow growth storage can preserve the genetic resources of endangered species such as those of genus Sorbus. Our aim was to study the storability of rowan berry in vitro cultures, their morpho-physiological changes, and regeneration ability after different storage conditions (4 ± 0.5 °C, dark; and 22 ± 2 °C, 16/8 h light/dark). The cold storage lasted for 52 weeks, and observations were made every four weeks. Cultures showed 100% survival under cold storage, and those taken from the storage showed 100% regeneration capacity after the passages. A dormancy period lasting about 20 weeks was observed, followed by intensive shoot growth until the 48th week, which led to the exhaustion of the cultures. The changes could be traced to the reduction of the chlorophyll content and the Fv/Fm value, as well as in the discoloration of the lower leaves and the appearance of necrotic tissues. Long, etiolated shoots (89.3 mm) were obtained at the end of cold storage. Shoot cultures stored in a growth chamber as control (22 ± 2 °C, 16/8 h light/dark) senesced and died after 16 weeks. Explants from stored shoots were subcultured for four weeks. The number and length of newly developed shoots were significantly higher on explants from cold storage compared to those from control cultures if the storage was longer than one week.
Recent Advances in Natural Fibre-Based Materials for Food Packaging Applications
Authors: Pulikkalparambil Harikrishnan , Varghese Sandhya Alice , Chonhenchob Vanee , Nampitch Tarinee , Jarupan Lerpong , Harnkarnsujarit Nathdanai
Published: March 2023

Packaging is one of the major domains in the food processing industry that reduces waste and enhances product shelf life. Recently, research and development have focused on bioplastics and bioresources to combat environmental issues caused by the alarming growth of single-use plastic waste food packaging. The demand for natural fibres has recently increased because of their low cost, biodegradability and eco-friendliness. This article reviewed recent developments in natural fibre-based food packaging materials. The first part discusses the introduction of natural fibres in food packaging, with a focus on fibre source, composition and selection parameters, while the second part investigates the physical and chemical ways to modify natural fibres. Several plant-derived fibre materials have been utilised in food packaging as reinforcements, fillers and packaging matrices. Recent investigations developed and modified natural fibre (physical and chemical treatments) into packaging using casting, melt mixing, hot pressing, compression moulding, injection moulding, etc. These techniques majorly improved the strength of bio-based packaging for commercialisation. This review also identified the main research bottlenecks and future study areas were suggested.