bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermo-Mechanical and ILSS Properties of Woven Carbon/Epoxy-XD-CNT Nanophased Composites
Authors: Hossain Mohammad K. , Chowdhury Md Mahmudur R. , Salam Mahmud B. , Malone Johnathan , Hosur Mahesh V. , Jeelani Shaik , Bolden Nydeia W.
Published: June 2014

Carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites (CFEC) were fabricated infusing 0, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.40 wt% amino-functionalized XD-grade carbon nanotubes (NH2-XDCNTs) using the compression molding process under 16 kips. The thermo-mechanical and interlaminar shear properties of CNT incorporated carbon/epoxy composite samples were evaluated by performing dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and short beam shear (SBS) tests. XD-CNTs were infused into Epon 862 resin using a mechanical stirrer followed by a high intensity ultrasonic liquid processor for better dispersion. After the sonication, the mixture was placed in a three roll milling processor for 3 successive cycles at 140 rpm, with the gap spaces incrementally reduced from 20 to 5 μm, to obtain the uniform dispersion of CNTs throughout the resin. Epikure W curing agent was then added to the modified resin and mixed using a high-speed mechanical stirrer. Finally, the fiber was reinforced with that modified resin using the compression molding process. The results obtained from the DMTA test were analyzed based on the storage modulus, glass transition temperature, and loss modulus. The analysis indicated that the thermo-mechanical properties were linearly increasing from 0 to 0.3 wt% XDCNT loading. The SBS test results exhibited that the incorporation of XDCNTs into the composite increased the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) by up to 22% at 0.3 wt% CNT loading. Better dispersion of XDCNTs might be attributed to more crosslinking sites and better interaction between fiber and matrix resulting in an improved fiber-matrix interface, whereas, the reaction between functional groups –NH2 of XDCNTs with epoxide groups of resin and epoxy silanes of fiber surfaces improved the crosslinking and thereby ILSS properties of carbon/epoxy composites.
Novel method of electrical resistance measurement in structural composite materials for interfacial and dispersion evaluation with nano- and hetero-structures
Authors: Park Joung-Man , Kwon Dong-Jun , Wang Zuo-Jia , Byun Joon-Hyung , Lee Hyung-Ik , Park Jong-Kyoo , DeVries Lawrence K.
Published: June 2014

Interest in development in the use of nanoparticles in structural composites for the improvement of thermal conductivity, mechanical properties and electrical properties has recently stimulated some research efforts. Such improvements require the introduction of functional groups and the proper selection and concentration of the nanoparticles, as well as their uniform dispersion. The identification and verification of uniformity of dispersion is very important in the efficient processing for improved performance. Recently, new methods for studying and evaluating the interfacial properties between the reinforcing fibers and the epoxy matrix, have been developed. Distinct from FE-SEM observation, electrical resistance methods are being developed which can be applied for to measure interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and degree of dispersion. The main principle, on which the electrical resistance measurement is based, is Kirchhoff’s laws, which considers conductive materials as electrical circuits. In this research, the self sensing character of the conductive carbon nanotubes (CNT) and conventional carbon reinforcing fibers has been successfully used as a method for evaluating the dispersion of nanoparticles and interfacial adhesion. The electrical resistance in these composites was observed to be dependent on differences in wetting and interfacial adhesion between matrix and fillers. In summary, a correlation was observed between the electrical resistance and dispersion and degree of cure. It is felt that these methods, along with the electro-micromechanical methods, provide valuable tools for investigating the role of interfacial behavior on thermal conductivity, electrical and mechanical properties. Optical observations by FE-SEM of degree of dispersion and interfacial adhesion are consistent with the electrical resistance results. Additionally, it may be possible to use electrical resistance circuit analysis to detect the location of and extent of micro-damage within composite materials.
Developing a Systematic Map to Describe the Evidence Base Underpinning the Experience and Management of Chronic Pain for Older People Belonging to Five Faith Groups
Authors: Edwards Jill , Briggs Michelle , Swift Chris , Closs Jose
Published: June 2014

Systematic mapping of literature creates searchable datasets and conceptual maps of available evidence and helps to identify gaps in the evidence base. It provides a rigorous and transparent method to develop comprehensive data sets of the complex literature. In this paper we share our experiences of developing a systematic map to locate and describe the available literature to inform further the empirical stage of a research project which explored the experiences and meaning of pain with older people across these five different faith groups, namely: Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism and Sikhism. The six stages of the development of the map are described and the complexity involved in developing the map in this area where intersectionality is a major issue. This refers to the overlap between ethnicity, faith and culture as well as other key variables such as gender and socio-economic status.
Editor’s introduction
Authors: Mahboob Ahmar , Knight Naomi
Published: June 2014

The papers in this special issue of Linguistics and the Human Sciences have been selected from those presented at the sixth International Free Linguistics Conference (FLC) held in October 2012 at the University of Sydney, Australia.
Similar Place Harmony
Authors: Brown Jason
Published: June 2014

Similar Place Avoidance (SPA) is a phenomenon well-known to adult languages, where consonants within a root that share the same place of articulation are avoided. The existence of SPA across languages is so robust that it has been claimed to be a statistical phonological universal. Given these claims to universality, this study aims to investigate whether there are any “homorganicity” effects present in the speech of children; i.e. effects that are sensitive to place of articulation. While children often exhibit a stage of consonant harmony, there has been virtually no research involving possible gradient patterns of SPA for children (where the pattern is typically gradient for adult languages). The findings are telling: there is evidence for a homorganicity effect, but one that is driven by agreement in place of articulation, and not avoidance of similar place. This finding is linked to later stages of consonant harmony in child speech.
Lexical coinages in Mandarin Chinese and the problem of classification
Authors: Cook Angela
Published: June 2014

Many linguists have tried to classify Chinese lexical coinages before. However, previous researchers have often focussed only on a small subset of all such neologisms. Even where an attempt has been made to present an overview of lexical change in Mandarin Chinese, the resulting system of categorisation has frequently been incomplete, internally inconsistent or poorly structured. This has frustrated the efforts of linguists to draw any meaningful comparisons between lexical change in Mandarin Chinese and other languages. This paper represents a fresh attempt to present an overarching classification of the assortment of new expressions that have been coined in written and spoken Mandarin over the past three decades. Careful crosslinguistic comparison reveals that native speakers of English and Mandarin employ a similar number of distinct strategies to coin new words; however, owing to various phonological, morphological, orthographic and other factors, the precise range of options available to speakers of the two languages is somewhat different. Overall, this paper presents a picture of Mandarin Chinese speakers as cultivating an innovative and playful approach to their use of language. An unexpected secondary finding is that there are indications that the Chinese writing system may be in the initial stages of tentative development from a morphologographic to a phonetic writing system.
Reading Mandela
Authors: McCormack Rob
Published: June 2014

This rhetorical contest was originally written and performed in 2002 to awaken adult literacy practitioners to the forgotten history of rhetorically-based language pedagogy, a pedagogy that still functions as the repressed unconscious of many modern approaches. Recently it has been re-staged at three linguistics conferences. The performance stages a mock court trial, a key rhetorical contest, in which two protagonists interpret a text by Nelson Mandela. One protagonist is leading contemporary linguist from the so-called ‘Sydney School’, Professor Jim Martin; the other is Quintilian, holder of the first Roman chair of Rhetoric. It is hoped that re-staging this contest at linguistics conferences may perhaps pique enough interest for linguists to re-examine this largely forgotten, but vibrant tradition of language study and pedagogy.
The interpretation of plural definites in discourse
Authors: Ursini Francesco-Alessio , Akagi Nobuagi
Published: June 2014

In this paper we offer a study on the interpretation of plural definites in discourse (‘the tank engines’) and their interaction with spatial adpositions (‘to’ and ‘at’). The novel empirical findings in the paper support the following assumptions on the contribution of spatial adpositions to the interpretation of plural definites. First, the interpretation of plural definites can be influenced by the lexical aspect type of adpositions. While ‘to’ as ‘telic’ predicate can license both a ‘collective’ and a ‘distributive’ reading for plural definites, ‘at’ as an ‘atelic’ predicate only licenses a ‘collective’ reading. Second, the precise lexical content of adpositions determines which interpretation is accessed. It is claimed that ‘at’ denotes a ‘general location’ relation between locatum and landmark object, and thus licenses a collective reading for plural definites.
Completitude dos dados de cadastro de portadores de hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus registrados no Sistema Hiperdia em um estado do Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Correia Lourani Oliveira dos Santos , Padilha Bruna Merten , Vasconcelos Sandra Mary Lima
Published: June 2014

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a completitude dos dados do cadastro do SisHiperdia, considerando-a por área geográfica, tipo de campo e coerência do preenchimento entre variá veis relacionadas. Trata-se de uma investigação observacional, descritiva e transversal. A amostra de 287 fichas de cadastro foi obtida aleatória e proporcionalmente entre as cinco regiões de saúde. Foram selecionadas variáveis referentes aos blocos de dados de cadastramento e atendimento, utilizando-se como indicador o percentual de incompletitude e procedendo-se a classificação pelo escore de Romero e Cunha, de 2007. Compararam-se os percentuais entre as macrorregiões de saúde pelo teste do Qui-Quadrado e a coerência do preenchimento pelo Coeficiente Kappa. Das 32 variáveis avaliadas, 68,7% tiveram completitude entre excelente e boa. Em 62,5% das variáveis, evidenciou-se melhor completitude entre os dados da 2ª macrorregião de saúde. Verificou-se que o percentual de incompletitude de campo obrigatório foi mais elevado que o não obrigatório e, embora a maioria das variáveis apresente boas condições de uso, é necessário maior envolvimento de gestores e profissionais de saúde com o processo de produção da informação, a fim de gerar dados mais completos e fidedignos.
Produção bibliográfica brasileira da Saúde Bucal Coletiva em periódicos da saúde coletiva e da odontologia
Authors: Celeste Roger Keller , Warmling Cristine Maria
Published: June 2014

O objetivo do presente estudo é descrever as características da produção científica no campo da saúde bucal coletiva em periódicos de saúde coletiva e de odontologia de âmbito nacional. Utilizou-se a base de resumos e citações Scopus, selecionando 8 periódicos de saúde coletiva e 10 de odontologia, de 1947 a 2011. Para identificação dos artigos, foi realizada estratégia de busca com palavras sobre saúde bucal na saúde coletiva e palavras de saúde coletiva na odontologia. As temáticas foram estimadas pela frequência de palavras-chaves. Do total de artigos pesquisados foram encontrados 4,7% (n = 642) na saúde coletiva e 6,8% (n = 245) na odontologia. Dentre os autores que mais publicam, apenas 12% o fazem em ambos os campos. Houve um crescimento percentual de publicações em periódicos de odontologia, mas não nos da saúde coletiva. Na odontologia, apenas estudos indexados como epidemiologia apresentaram aumento. Na saúde coletiva, planejamento foi dominante em todas as fases estudadas. São necessárias pesquisas que avaliem o impacto de políticas de pesquisa e de pós-graduação na produção científica.
Os limites da ação coletiva nos Conselhos Municipais de Saúde
Authors: Farias Filho Milton Cordeiro , Silva Andréia Neves da , Mathis Armin
Published: June 2014

O artigo traz uma abordagem sobre as ações coletivas de participação nos conselhos municipais de saúde. A pesquisa que o fundamenta teve como objetivo verificar a atuação dos conselheiros nos conselhos municipais de saúde da Região Metropolitana de Belém (PA). Foi utilizado levantamento documental (período 2005 a 2010), entrevistas estruturadas com conselheiros e observações em sessões de reuniões dos conselhos de três municípios. Foi construído um indicador de três níveis de participação com base nas funções legais dos conselhos de saúde, tendo como fundamento analítico a teoria dos grupos sociais. Os resultados indicam que as ações dos conselhos são marcadas por cooptação de conselheiros, definição de agendas deliberativas por parte de representantes da gestão, predominando os interesses individuais dos conselheiros sobre os interesses coletivos nas deliberações. Concluiu que tais comportamentos contrariam os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS e fragiliza a imagem social dos conselhos, além de abrir uma nova perspectiva de análise.
Estimativa do custo de tratar o pé diabético, como prevenir e economizar recursos
Authors: Oliveira Alexandre Faraco de , De Marchi Ana Carolina Bertoletti , Leguisamo Camila Pereira , Baldo Guilherme Valdir , Wawginiak Thiago Andrade
Published: June 2014

Neste trabalho estimamos o custo do tratamento hospitalar do pé diabético e discutimos a literatura referente à profilaxia destas lesões. Para isto revisamos os prontuários dos pacien tes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico num período de 16 meses em um hospital público e revisamos os métodos de prevenção do pé diabético. Foram 44 internações com duração média de 11,93 dias (± 6,34), 61 procedimentos cirúrgicos, com amputações em 65% dos casos. Encontramos um custo médio de R$ 4.367,05 (± 9.249,01) e um custo total de R$ 192.150,40 para estes tratamentos hospitalares. O tratamento do pé diabético teve um alto custo e exigiu amputações na maioria dos casos. A revisão da literatura evidenciou diversos modelos possíveis de serem adotados para atuar na profilaxia de lesões associadas ao pé diabético, os quais podem evitar amputações e economizar recursos.
O papel da religião na promoção da saúde, na prevenção da violência e na reabilitação de pessoas envolvidas com a criminalidade: revisão de literatura
Authors: Ribeiro Fernanda Mendes Lages , Minayo Maria Cecília de Souza
Published: June 2014

O presente artigo é uma revisão da literatura sobre o papel da religião na promoção da saúde, na prevenção da violência e na reabilitação e recuperação de pessoas envolvidas com a criminalidade. Pesquisa de artigos nas bases Medline via PubMed, Lilacs, Scopus, Social Index With Full Text, Sociological Abstracts e Social Services Abstracts selecionou e analisou 29 estudos entre 1990 e 2011 nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola. Os resultados apontam a função do grupo e o papel da religião na reabilitação de pessoas, na prevenção do envolvimento com a criminalidade, em orientações correcionais, e em territórios de iniquidade social. É realizado um debate acerca dos principais temas encontrados, destacando a multiplicidade de papéis da religião, sua atuação junto às pessoas encarceradas, como base de apoio e controle social e sua influência na promoção da saúde mental e da qualidade de vida. A relação entre religião e esfera pública é discutida, assinalando o papel de grupos religiosos e a fragilidade do Estado em fornecer políticas públicas básicas à população. Apesar de apontarem o papel exitoso da religião na prevenção da violência e na reabilitação de pessoas, alguns estudos põem em xeque esta relação e destacam conflitos entre os conceitos utilizados e os resultados obtidos.
Análise da relação entre a distribuição espacial das morbidades por obesidade e hipertensão arterial para o estado de São Paulo, Brasil, de 2000 a 2010
Authors: Cunha e Silva Darllan Collins da , Lourenço Roberto Wagner , Cordeiro Ricardo Carlos , Cordeiro Maria Rita Donalisio
Published: June 2014

A expansão da obesidade em diversos países do mundo na última década tem resultado no aumento da morbidade e mortalidade por hipertensão arterial e suas complicações. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a distribuição espacial da obesidade e hipertensão arterial no estado de São Paulo no período de 2000 a 2010, a partir de registros hospitalares e internação do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH - SUS). Foram utilizados coeficientes de prevalência das doenças em cada município suavizadas pelo método bayesiano empírico, permitindo uma visualização do padrão espacial dessas morbidades no Estado. Foi explorada a dependência espacial destes padrões verificando a autocorrelação entre os indicadores por meio do cálculo do Índice de Autocorrelação Espacial de Moran. Além disso, estudou-se a correlação positiva (Pearson) entre obesidade e hipertensão. Os dados e os mapas mostraram clusters de 87 municípios onde há maior e menor prevalência de hipertensão e obesidade no espaço com forte autocorrelação entre os municípios vizinhos. O coeficiente correlação de Pearson encontrado para esses municípios foi de 0,404 e sugere associação entre as morbidades. As técnicas de análise espacial mostraram-se úteis para o planejamento de ações de saúde pública.
Estimativas de expectativa de vida com doenças crônicas de coluna no Brasil
Authors: Camargos Mirela Castro Santos
Published: June 2014

As doenças crônicas de coluna, entre elas as deformidades e as dores musculares, são importantes causas de morbidade entre adultos e idosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a expectativa de vida de brasileiros com doenças crônicas de coluna, por sexo e idade, nos anos de 2003 e 2008. Empregou-se o método de Sullivan, combinando a tábua de vida e as prevalências de doen ças crônicas de coluna. Foram utilizadas as tá buas de vida publicadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e as prevalências de enfermidades crônicas de coluna da Pesquisa Nacio nal por Amostra Domiciliar (PNAD), dos anos selecionados. Os principais resultados indicam que, no Brasil, ao nascer em 2008, um homem poderia esperar viver 69,1 anos, 15% dos quais com doenças crônicas de coluna. Já as mulheres que nasceram neste mesmo ano, apresentavam uma expectativa de vida de 76,7 anos e espera riam viver um quinto de sua vida com problemas crônicos de coluna. No período analisado, concomitantemente aos ganhos na expectativa de vida, ocorreu um crescimento na expectativa de vida saudável, ou seja, nos anos de vida livre de doenças crônicas da coluna, tanto em termos absolutos como relativos.
Tendencies of mortality by prostate cancer in the states of the Central-West Region of Brazil, 1980 - 2011
Authors: Silva João Francisco Santos da , Mattos Inês Echenique , Aydos Ricardo Dutra
Published: June 2014

This study aimed at analyzing the pattern of prostate cancer mortality in the Central-West Region, in the period 1980 - 2011. The quadrennial and annual mortality rates, age-standardized by the world population, were calculated. Polynomial regression models were estimated to analyze trends of mortality in Brazilian regions and in the states of the Central-West Region. Throughout Brazil there was an increase in the magnitude of mortality rates during the study's period. In the Central-West Region, mortality rates from prostate cancer increased from 7.65/100,000 in the period 1980 - 1983, to 14.36/100,000 in the last four years, exceeding the national average. For Mato Grosso do Sul, an increased trend, although not constant, was observed for prostate mortality rates, while those rates showed stability for Mato Grosso and presented a constant trend of increment for Goiás along the studied period. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between mortality rates from prostate cancer and the proportional mortality from ill-defined causes of death in the three states, but no correlations were observed between these rates and the ratios of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) tests realized. Difficulties in the access to the health services network, better quality of death records with reduction of ill-defined causes and increased use of PSA may have contributed to the mortality pattern observed in the Central-West Region. Further studies are needed to investigate these relationships in order, to better understand the patterns of mortality from this cancer in the Central-West population.
Veredas, oásis do Sertão: conflito ambiental na apropriação das águas em Botumirim-MG
Authors: Rodrigues Leila Ribeiro , Thé Ana Paula Glinfskoi
Published: June 2014

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa etnográfica que teve como objetivo analisar a influência das práticas de uso e manejo tradicional dos recursos hídricos no processo de construção de identidade e de territorialidade de duas comunidades. Neste caso específico, comunidades veredeiras. Além disso, o artigo analisa o conflito ambiental relacionado a disputa entre o modo de vida tradicional comunitário e as políticas governamentais nas ações para a conservação da natureza. A pesquisa foi realizada nas Comunidades Gigante e Pé da Serra, localizadas no Município de Botumirim, na região reconhecida como Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais. Os modos de vida e de subsistência destas comunidades estão relacionadas a agricultura familiar, com valores e regras ligadas a uma cultura tradicional específica, onde a água tem uma importância significativa. Esta região e seus recursos hídricos tem sido disputada por vários sujeitos e instituições com diferentes interesses e poder econômico, colocando as comunidades tradicionais, os seus meios de subsistência, sua cultura e seus recursos naturais comuns em risco.
Adaptation of the Child Development Clinical Risk Indicators instrument to retrospective parent report
Authors: Machado Fernanda Prada , Palladino Ruth Ramalho Ruivo , Cunha Maria Claudia
Published: June 2014

PURPOSE: To adapt the Child Development Clinical Risk Indicators (IRDI) instrument to retrospective report for parents of children from 3 to 7 years old and administer it in two groups. METHODS: Participated on the study 72 subjects - parents of children aged from 2 years and 11 months to 7 years and 7 months - divided into two groups: Research Group and Control Group. The proposed modification to parent report transformed the 31 indicators (affirmations) into retrospective self-administered questions to parents, with responses in Likert scale. The IRDI-questionnaire was administered in the two groups. RESULTS: The IRDI-questionnaire showed to be easy and quick to administer (average 15 minutes) and with low cost. The analysis of the questions obtained a good internal consistency value. The comparison between the groups by the parents' answers to the 31 questions showed difference in 16 questions. CONCLUSION: The items of the IRDI-questionnaire concern the main Autism Spectrum Disorders risk signs pointed out in literature. The parents' answers showed differences between the studied groups.
Insertion and performance of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology in Family Health Support Centers
Authors: Molini-Avejonas Daniela Regina , Aboboreira Meiriane Silva , Couto Maria Inês Vieira , Samelli Alessandra Giannella
Published: June 2014

PURPOSE: To analyze the structure of the Centers for Supporting the Family Health (NASF), in 2010, identify the satisfaction degree of speech language pathologists who work in this area and compare the model proposed by the Brazilian Ministry of Health with practice. METHODS: Prospective and descriptive study, with 40 speech language pathologists inserted in NASF type one, from all Brazilian regions, in 2010. It was used a questionnaire with nine questions related to different topics (work infrastructure, NASF team, actions developed by these professionals and satisfaction about the work), sent by electronic mail to the speech language pathologists. Descriptive statistics, χ2, ANOVA and Pearson coefficient of variation were used to analyze variables. Significance level of 5% was adopted. RESULTS: The speech language pathologists reported that, in their working places (NASF), there was an average of 12.2 Health Family Teams, with 8.9 professionals and 1.6 speech language pathologists. Most of them work 40 hours per week. Routine activities cited by speech language pathologists were: promotion and health prevention actions, matricial, therapies, support to health community workers, referrals, home visits, intersectoral actions and administrative tasks. There was variability in the satisfaction score: the majority of interviewees indicated the degree "Somewhat satisfied" for work infrastructure and referrals, as well as reported "Very satisfied" degree for home visits and support for health community workers. Comparing the model proposed by the Ministry of Health with the speech language pathologists' practices, there was no significant difference. The results show that 40% of speech language pathologists consider that the NASF actions are below the proposed model. CONCLUSION: The NASF structure varied in terms of the number of Family Health Teams, professionals involved and actions performed. There was also significant variability in the satisfaction degree among the subjects studied.
Extended Neuralgic Amyotrophy Syndrome: voice therapy in one case of vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Oliveira Andréa Gomes de , Pinho Márcia Monteiro
Published: June 2014

Neuralgic Amyotrophy (NA) is a rare disturb of the peripheral nervous system that can include extreme pain, multifocal paresis and atrophy of the muscles of the upper limbs. When the nerves located outside of the brachial plexus are involved, the term Neuralgic Amyotrophy Extended (ANE) is used. Diagnosis of NA is clinical and has a series of inclusion and compatibility criteria established by the European CMT Consortium. On this study the clinical history, multidimensional vocal assessment data and the vocal techniques used in five-weeks voice therapy for one patient, professional voice, with ANE are presented. In this case, sudden and recurrent paralysis of his right vocal fold was the only manifestation of the disease. At the end of the fifth week the patient's voice was normal, the spoken and sung vocal ranges were same as before the current episode of ANE and scores of his vocal self-assessment were appropriate.
Adaptation of Clinical Evaluation of Language Functions - 4th Edition to Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Bento-Gaz Ana Carolina Paiva , Befi-Lopes Debora Maria
Published: June 2014

PURPOSES: To translate and adapt the Clinical Evaluation of Language Functions - 4th Edition (CELF-4) to Brazilian Portuguese. METHOD: One hundred and sixty normal language development school children between the ages of seven and ten, half from public schools and the other half from private schools, both located on the east side of São Paulo. RESULTS: CELF-4's translation and adjustment to Brazilian Portuguese language showed equivalence between the original and translated versions, which demonstrates that there were no significant changes in the test's form and content. Cronbach's α test was used in order to verify CELF-4's subtests internal consistency, in other words, if every subtest measures consistently the evaluated constructors. In this analysis, we observed that by excluding right or wrong items, and problematic items from the pool (those different from the rest of the group), all analyzed subtest presented satisfactory internal consistency, except for the Word Association Task for eight years old. CONCLUSION: Most subtests, as well as the Pragmatic Profile and the Observational Evaluation Scale, were simply translated, dismissing significant adaptations. The alterations performed were due to morphosyntactic and phonological differences between both languages. CELF-4's translated and adapted version to Brazilian Portuguese was able to characterize the language performance in the studied population.
Influence of memory, attention, IQ and age on auditory temporal processing tests: preliminary study
Authors: Murphy Cristina Ferraz Borges , Zachi Elaine Cristina , Roque Daniela Tsubota , Ventura Dora Selma Fix , Schochat Eliane
Published: June 2014

PURPOSE: To investigate the existence of correlations between the performance of children in auditory temporal tests (Frequency Pattern and Gaps in Noise - GIN) and IQ, attention, memory and age measurements. METHOD: Fifteen typically developing individuals between the ages of 7 to 12 years and normal hearing participated in the study. Auditory temporal processing tests (GIN and Frequency Pattern), as well as a Memory test (Digit Span), Attention tests (auditory and visual modality) and intelligence tests (RAVEN test of Progressive Matrices) were applied. RESULTS: Significant and positive correlation between the Frequency Pattern test and age variable were found, which was considered good (p<0.01, 75.6%). There were no significant correlations between the GIN test and the variables tested. CONCLUSIONS: Auditory temporal skills seem to be influenced by different factors: while the performance in temporal ordering skill seems to be influenced by maturational processes, the performance in temporal resolution was not influenced by any of the aspects investigated.
Uncertainties of the 137Cs technique for validation of soil redistribution modelling in a semiarid meso-scale watershed
Authors: Medeiros Pedro H. A. , Araújo José Carlos de , Andrello Avacir C.
Published: June 2014

Scarcity of long-term series of sediment-related variables has led watershed managers to apply mathematical models to simulate sediment fluxes. Due to the high efforts for installation and maintenance of sedimentological gauges, tracers have been pointed out as an alternative to validate soil redistribution modelling. In this study, the 137Cs technique was used to assess the WASA-SED model performance at the Benguê watershed (933 km²), in the Brazilian semiarid. Qualitatively, good agreement was found among the 137Cs technique and the WASA-SED model results. Nonetheless, quantitatively great differences, up to two orders of magnitude, were found between the two methods. Among the uncertainties inherent to the 137Cs technique, definition of the reference inventory seems to be a major source of imprecision. In addition, estimations of water and sediment fluxes with mathematical models usually also present high uncertainty, contributing to the quantitative differences of the soil redistribution estimates with the two methods.
Water quality indicators for environmental and resistance profile of Escherichia coli strains isolated in Rio Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Souza Marinêz de , Pinto Fabiana G. da S. , Fruet Thomas K. , Piana Pitágoras A. , Moura Alexandre C. de
Published: June 2014

In this article it was evaluated the quality of water in the Cascavel river, in the city of Cascavel - Paraná using microbiological indicators, physical and chemical pollution and susceptibility / resistance in strains of Escherichia coli isolated antimicrobial trade. The water sampling was conducted between 2010-July and 2011-June at three points: a) near the source, b) urban area, c) rural area. The samples were analyzed for physical, chemical and microbiological variables: temperature, pH, color, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, total coliforms (CT), fecal coliform (CTe) and Escherichia coli. Tests were also performed to nine antimicrobial commercial resistances. The variables studied indicated that the Cascavel river water was presented at disagreement with the resolution 357/2005 CONAMA (class I), ranking in the index as regular water quality. The physical, chemical and rainfall did not affect the growth of CT and CTe, with higher counts of E. coli in the urban area. The greatest resistance profiles of the strains of E. coli isolated from Cascavel river water was found in section 2, the urban area as a probable consequence of human influence on water quality.
Germination and emergence of trumpet flower (tecoma stans) under different environmental conditions
Authors: Reis F.C. , Medina Sotomayor J.F. , Garcia D.B. , Barroso A.A.M. , Albrecht A.J.P. , Filho R.V.
Published: June 2014

The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of temperature and light intensity on trumpet flower seed germination, as well as the effect of seeding depth on its emergence. To study the influence of temperature, nine temperature intervals were evaluated, ranging from 15.0 to 40.0 ºC. A randomized block design experiment was used with five replications and 20 seeds per replication, and performed twice. To evaluate light intensity on seed germination, a randomized experimental design was used with eight replications and 25 seeds per replication. The treatments applied were: photoperiod with temperature alternation; photoperiod with constant temperature; darkness with temperature alternation; and darkness with constant temperature. The photoperiod consisted of 8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness, and the constant temperature was 25 ºC. The treatments with temperature alternations were established with 8 hours at 30 ºC, and 16 hours at 20 ºC. Germination was assessed daily to calculate the total percentage of germination as well as the Germination Velocity Index (GVI). To study the influence of seeding depth on plant emergence, 25 seeds were seeded at 0, 20, 40, and 80 mm in pots with sieved soil. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Seedling emergence was monitored daily until the 15th day after seeding. After that period, the total percentage of emergence was calculated for each experimental unit, as well as the Emergence Velocity Index (EVI). Formation of normal seedlings and the Germination Velocity Index were different among temperatures and higher germination percentages were observed between 20.3 ºC and 37.5 ºC. Tecoma stans seedlings did not germinate when planted at 40 and 80 mm depth. However, the seedlings placed on the soil surface had an emergence percentage of 72. At 20 mm depth, the emergence rate was 31%.
Weed management boosts yield in fine rice under system of rice intensification
Authors: Chadhar A.R. , Nadeem M.A. , Tanveer A. , Yaseen M.
Published: June 2014

The system of rice intensification has emerged as a promising rice production package but weed infestation could lead to incomplete benefits from the system. A two-year field study was performed to determine an appropriate method of weed management in SRI. Weed management treatments were manual hoeing 20, 40 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT), hoeing with rotary hoe at 20, 40 and 60 DAT, hoeing with rotary hoe at 20 DAT + spray with sorghum and sunflower water extracts at 15 L ha-1 40 DAT, manual hoeing 20 DAT + spray with sorghum and sunflower water extracts, both in equal amount, at 15 L ha-1 40 DAT, orthosulfamuron at 145 g a.i. ha-1 7 DAT, weedy check and weed free. Manual hoeing at 20, 40 and 60 DAT was the treatment that exhibited the maximum kernel yield i.e. 5.34 and 4.99 t ha-1., which was 8.4 and 7.2% higher than orthosulfamuron and 61.0 and 64.9% higher than weedy check, during both years of study, respectively. The highest weed suppression was also achieved by manual hoeing at 20, 40 and 60 DAT with weed control efficiency of 87.89 and 82.32% during 2010 and 2011, respectively. Manual hoeing at 20, 40 and 60 DAT is an eco-friendly, non-chemical weed control method to increase kernel yield of fine rice under SRI.
Initial growth and development of southern sandbur based on thermal units
Authors: Machado E.C.R. , Lima R.S.O. , Silva A.P.P. , Marques B.S. , Gonçalves M.F. , Carvalho S.J.P.
Published: June 2014

Availability of basic information on weed biology is an essential tool for designing integrated management programs for agricultural systems. Thus, this study was carried out in order to calculate the base temperature (Tb) of southern sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus), as well as fit the initial growth and development of the species to accumulated thermal units (growing degree days - GDD). For that purpose, experimental populations were sown six times in summer/autumn conditions (decreasing photoperiod) and six times in winter/spring condition (increasing photoperiod). Southern sandbur phenological evaluations were carried out, on alternate days, and total dry matter was measured when plants reached the flowering stage. All the growth and development fits were performed based on thermal units by assessing five base temperatures, as well as the absence of it. Southern sandbur development was best fit with Tb = 12 ºC, with equation y = 0,0993x, where y is the scale of phenological stage and x is the GDD. On average, flowering was reached at 518 GDD. Southern sandbur phenology may be predicted by using mathematical models based on accumulated thermal units, adopting Tb = 12 ºC. However, other environmental variables may also interfere with species development, particularly photoperiod.
Resistance of Amaranthus retroflexus to acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides in Brazil
Authors: Francischini A.C. , Constantin J. , Oliveira Jr. R.S. , Santos G. , Franchini L.H.M. , Biffe D.F.
Published: June 2014

When in competition with cotton, Amaranthus retroflexus can cause high yield losses. Due to the limited availability of selective herbicides registered for post emergence control of this weed, the same herbicides have been used repeated times over the last few years, which may have selected resistant biotypes. Biotypes of A. retroflexus collected from the main areas of cotton cultivation in Brazil were submitted to dose-response trials, by applying the herbicides trifloxysulfuron-sodium and pyrithiobac-sodium in doses equivalent to 0, ¼, ½, 1, 2 and 4 times the recommended rates. Resistance to ALS inhibitors was confirmed in biotypes of A. retroflexus. Biotype MS 2 from Mato Grosso do Sul, was cross-resistant to both trifloxysulfuron-sodium and pyrithiobac-sodium, while biotype MS 1 was resistant to trifloxysulfuron-sodium only. Likewise, singular and cross resistance was also confirmed in biotypes from Goiás (GO 3, GO 4 and GO 6), in relation to trifloxysulfuronsodium and pyrithiobac-sodium. One biotype from Mato Grosso (MT 13) was not resistant to any of the ALS inhibitors evaluated in this work.
Vida, trabalho e valor no século XXI: desfazendo o nó
Authors: Huws Ursula Elin
Published: June 2014

Costuma-se argumentar que a teoria do valor-trabalho de Marx não mais se aplica ao mundo contemporâneo, em que partes crescentes da população estão envolvidas em trabalho "imaterial" ou trabalho "digital". Este ensaio argumenta que essa teoria ainda é relevante, mas que, a fim de entender como ela pode ser aplicada ao trabalho imaterial e ao trabalho de modo mais geral, é necessário analisar criticamente os três principais componentes da teoria: a natureza particular de qualquer forma de trabalho, o valor que é criado por esse trabalho e os meios de subsistência do trabalhador. Essa análise nos permite não apenas distinguir entre "tempo de trabalho necessário" e mais-valia, mas também identificar o local de produção. Em um mundo em que novas atividades estão sendo constantemente trazidas para dentro da esfera das relações sociais capitalistas e novas mercadorias sendo produzidas, é importante identificar esses locais de produção e os trabalhadores que estão diretamente envolvidos na produção de mais-valia, porque são esses trabalhadores que têm o potencial, ao retirar seu consentimento, de se organizar de forma eficaz junto aos interesses comuns da classe trabalhadora global.
Tempo de trabalho e imaterialidade na teoria social de André Gorz
Authors: Silva Josué Pereira da
Published: June 2014

O artigo trata das formulações de André Gorz sobre trabalho imaterial. Sua análise do capitalismo contemporâneo se baseia num modelo formado pelas categorias conhecimento, valor e capital, no qual conhecimento é a força produtiva principal. Este artigo contrapõe esse modelo a um modelo anterior, formado pelas categorias trabalho, valor e capital, no qual trabalho é a força produtiva principal; realça que a diferença entre os dois está na substituição de trabalho por conhecimento. Numa economia do conhecimento, como a do primeiro modelo, a produtividade da maior parte das atividades não se presta a ser medida pelo tempo de trabalho, como no capitalismo clássico; além disso, muitas delas dependem de saberes práticos que não se prestam a ser codificados e apropriados privadamente. A tese aqui defendida é de que o principal evento por trás da mudança de um modelo a outro é a diluição do tempo de trabalho como critério para medir a produtividade; e isso afeta a teoria do valor e, portanto, a base de cálculo das equivalências pelo capitalismo. Essa é, segundo Gorz, a principal causa da crise do capitalismo e do trabalho assalariado como critério para a atribuição de direitos; e isso é também motivo suficiente para que ele passe a defender a transferência incondicional de renda para as pessoas.
Sisvar: a Guide for its Bootstrap procedures in multiple comparisons
Authors: Ferreira Daniel Furtado
Published: June 2014

Sisvar is a statistical analysis system with a large usage by the scientific community to produce statistical analyses and to produce scientific results and conclusions. The large use of the statistical procedures of Sisvar by the scientific community is due to it being accurate, precise, simple and robust. With many options of analysis, Sisvar has a not so largely used analysis that is the multiple comparison procedures using bootstrap approaches. This paper aims to review this subject and to show some advantages of using Sisvar to perform such analysis to compare treatments means. Tests like Dunnett, Tukey, Student-Newman-Keuls and Scott-Knott are performed alternatively by bootstrap methods and show greater power and better controls of experimentwise type I error rates under non-normal, asymmetric, platykurtic or leptokurtic distributions.
Soil loss by water erosion in areas under maize and jack beans intercropped and monocultures
Authors: Lima Pedro Luiz Terra , Silva Marx Leandro Naves , Curi Nilton , Quinton John
Published: June 2014

Adequate soil management can create favorable conditions to reduce erosion and water runoff, consequently increase water soil recharge. Among management systems intercropping is highly used, especially for medium and small farmers. It is a system where two or more crops with different architectures and vegetative cycles are explored simultaneously at the same location. This research investigated the effects of maize intercropped with jack bean on soil losses due to water erosion, estimate C factor of Universal Soil Losses Equation (USLE) and how it can be affected by soil coverage. The results obtained also contribute to database generation, important to model and estimate soil erosion. Total soil loss by erosion caused by natural rain, at Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were: 4.20, 1.86, 1.38 and 1.14 Mg ha-1, respectively, for bare soil, maize, jack bean and the intercropping of both species, during evaluated period. Values of C factor of USLE were: 0.039, 0.054 and 0.077 Mg ha Mg-1 ha-1 for maize, jack bean and intercropping between both crops, respectively. Maize presented lower vegetation cover index, followed by jack beans and consortium of the studied species. Intercropping between species showed greater potential on soil erosion control, since its cultivation resulted in lower soil losses than single crops cultivation, and this aspect is really important for small and medium farmers in the studied region.
Effect of whole oilseeds feeding on performance and nutritive values of diets of young growing saanen goats
Authors: Grande Paula Adriana , Alcalde Claudete Regina , Lima Luciano Soares de , Zambom Maximiliane Alavarse , Macedo Francisco de Assis Fonseca de
Published: June 2014

Twenty-eight Saanen goat kids (16 non-castrated males and 12 females; 14.38±1.60 kg) were used to evaluate the performance and nutritional value of diets. Animals were randomly allotted into a 4x2 (diets x gender) factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of four different total mixed diets composed of oat hay, soybean meal, mineral supplement, and/or oilseeds replacing ground corn (on dry matter basis), as follows: 1) control (without oilseeds), 2) diet containing 7.9% flaxseed, 3) diet with 7.3% sunflower, and 4) diet containing 8.0% canola. Dry matter intake was higher for animals receiving control diet. Gender did not influence dry matter and nutrient intake. Oilseeds did not affect the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (FC). Flaxseed diet showed more days in feedlot. Males showed better means of ADG, FC and days in feedlot. Diets containing oilseeds had higher values for ether extract digestibility and lower total carbohydrates than the control diet. The energetic value of diets did not alter. The inclusion of flaxseed, sunflower or canola in diets of Saanen goat kids in place (8% on a DM basis) corn, does not improve the performance, however these oilseeds may be used without changing the nutritional value of diets.
Novena (1964) de Milton Nascimento e Márcio Borges: primórdios da síntese do Clube da Esquina
Authors: Borém Fausto , Lopes Wilson
Published: June 2014

Análise de Novena, canção de 1964 que inaugurou a carreira de compositores da dupla do então cantor-instrumentista Milton Nascimento e do letrista Márcio Borges. O contexto histórico, especialmente a partir de depoimentos dos dois artistas (BORGES, 1996, 2010, 2012; NASCIMENTO, 1993, 1996, 2009, 2012; BORGES e NASCIMENTO, 2012a, 2012b, 2012c, 2012d, 2012e, 2012f, 2012g, 2012h, 2012i, 2012j) e elementos melódicos, harmônicos e da relação texto-música da canção, percebidos na transcrição da única gravação de Milton Nascimento (NASCIMENTO e BORGES, 1993), apontam para a síntese de uma estética que se consolidou no Clube da Esquina, cujos membros desenvolveram carreiras com perfis ecléticos e uma linguagem musical estilisticamente híbrida.