bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substantiation of methodological approaches to the development of the investment and construction complex of the Chechen Republic based on the principles of «green» growth
Authors: Idilov Ibragim , Abubakarova Madina , Martynov Daniil , Korovin Aleksandr
Published: February 2021

The article presents a study on the problems of restoring the construction complex of the Chechen Republic, in particular, reducing the attention of investors to the use of "green" technologies.
In the course of the study, the authors, based on the use of such methods as a systematic approach, logical analysis, comparative analysis and other methods, proposed a number of methodological approaches that should be used in justifying the development strategy of the investment and construction complex of the Chechen Republic.
It is established that in the investment and construction complex of the Chechen Republic, it is necessary to search for such methodological approaches in its development that would minimize the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation.
It is concluded that with the development of information technologies, the life of people, primarily those living in megacities, becomes more comfortable. They become more informed about the methods of a healthy lifestyle, including the use of environmentally friendly products in their life.
It is proved that in the coming period, taking into account the high rates of natural population growth in the territory of the Chechen Republic, it will be necessary to ensure high rates of housing commissioning.
In order to determine the degree of affordability of housing for the population of the Chechen Republic to establish a system of monitoring ratios to average market housing price and income levels.
The Covid-19 pandemic has led to a sharp decline in the level of income of the population, which reduces indicators of housing affordability.
It is proved that the measures of the government of the Russian Federation aimed at reducing the mortgage rate to 6.5 % when applying for a mortgage for new construction will significantly increase the housing affordability indicator.
The authors conclude that for the breakthrough development of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to create a mechanism for the development of integration processes of investment and construction enterprises and organizations involved in the use of local resources, which would take into account the requirements of modern technologies of "green" growth and would contribute to a steady increase in the quality of the environment of citizens.
Changing fresh fruits and vegetables trade from Turkey to Russia
Authors: Burhan Ozkan , Ceylan Figen , Astratova Galina , Akpinar Goksel , Zalesov Sergey
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study was to assess the changing supply and export of the main types of fresh fruits and vegetables from Turkey to Russia. The task of the research was to analyse the problems that arise during the supply and export period, substantiate these problems and find ways to solve them.
Turkey is well endowed with agricultural resources and able to meet external demand after meeting domestic demand especially in terms of fresh fruits and vegetables. Turkey’s main and most important trade partner is Russian Federation, specifically for these products. Accordingly, it is important to evaluate the attachment of the markets considering overall productive capacity and export demand in Russia.
The data for main fresh fruits and vegetables being exported from Turkey to Russia was assessed regarding the change in time and potential affecting factors. Main exportable agricultural products selected for evaluation are tomatoes and onions as vegetables and mandarins and grapes as fruits. The yearly adjusted data is withdrawn from the databases of the Food and Agriculture Organisation for production and the United Nations COMTRADE for trade.
In the scope of this paper, it was aimed to evaluate changing supplies and exports of main fresh fruits and vegetables to Russia, challenges occurred in time and reasoning behind these challenges, and proposing potential improvement paths. Russia is the main importer of Turkish citrus fruits (mandarins) tomatoes, grapes and onions. It was seen fluctuations in the trade of these products due to marketing conditions including diplomatic situations between the two countries. It should be pointed out that historical contacts and geographical dependency leads to countries to maintain contacts and it was considered as essential to empower both supply and demand sides through cooperation in many areas.
Sentidos Atribuídos por Profissionais de Psicologia sobre a Redução de Danos
Authors: Pires Ronaldo Rodrigues , Ximenes Verônica Morais
Published: February 2021

Resumo O psicólogo é um profissional muito presente nas políticas públicas destinadas aos usuários de drogas. Essas políticas vinham indicando a Redução de Danos enquanto princípio do cuidado. No entanto, desde sua introdução como diretriz, ela tem sido fruto de equívocos e resistências. Este estudo exploratório de metodologia qualitativa teve como objetivo compreender os sentidos atribuídos pelos psicólogos sobre a Redução de Danos, analisando as repercussões sobre suas práticas. Os dados provenientes de entrevistas apontam que a Redução de Danos tem sido tomada de maneira reducionista como estratégia de diminuição do uso e contrária à abstinência. Conclui-se que essa simplificação da proposta da Redução de Danos mostra a necessidade de ampliar essa discussão no campo da Psicologia e na sociedade.
Population aging and the probability of saving: a life cycle analysis of the Brazilian case
Authors: Zuanazzi Pedro Tonon , Fochezatto Adelar
Published: February 2021

Abstract This study analyzes the life cycle of private individuals' savings in Brazil, reflecting on how the proportion of savers changes as the population ages. To this end, we employ a multinomial logit model to compare the probability of savings and dissavings for individuals, according to their ages, based on data from the Household Budget Surveys (HBS) of 2002-2003 and 2008-2009. The results confirm a greater incidence of savers among middle-aged adults and a greater percentage of dissavers among the elderly. However, given the age structure of the Brazilian population, demographic change is still expected to result in an increase in the number of net savers in the coming years.
Avaliando a insegurança alimentar no Brasil: a questão dos efeitos não simétricos
Authors: Mattos Ely José de , Bianchi Lorenzo , Toigo Camila Horst
Published: February 2021

Resumo Este artigo possui como objetivo principal verificar como um grupo de características sociodemográficas afeta a probabilidade de ocorrência de diferentes níveis de insegurança alimentar no Brasil, levando em conta a complexidade informacional oferecida pela Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA). A hipótese que avaliamos, através da proposta de aplicação de um modelo logístico ordenado generalizado, é a de que se observam efeitos assimétricos das variáveis explicativas em relação às diferentes categorias de insegurança alimentar da EBIA. Os resultados confirmam essa hipótese, alertando para a importância de se considerar a complexidade desse fenômeno na elaboração de políticas públicas nessa área.
Análise e impacto do BNDES FINAME a partir das empresas credenciadas, dos produtos financiados e da cadeia de fornecedores
Authors: Miguez Thiago
Published: February 2021

Resumo O BNDES FINAME é uma das mais tradicionais políticas públicas voltada ao setor de bens de capital brasileiro. Ele oferece condições de financiamento à aquisição e produção de bens de capital que cumpram determinadas exigências de conteúdo local. O artigo reuniu algumas informações sobre as empresas que procuraram o BNDES para terem seus produtos apoiados, inclusive os produtos credenciados e sua cadeia de fornecedores. A base de dados contou com 23.145 produtos, 3.695 empresas fabricantes e aproximadamente 30.000 empresas fornecedoras. O objetivo principal do trabalho foi, com o uso da Matriz Insumo Produto, cruzar tais informações com dados de financiamento de 2016, 2017 e 2018 para estimação dos impactos da cadeia de fornecedores sobre produção e emprego. As estimativas apontaram que cada R$1 financiado gerou, em média, adicionalmente R$0,70 de produção direta e indireta. Além disso, cada R$1 milhão financiado envolvia, em média, a manutenção de quatro empregos.
Prevalence and factors associated with tea consumption in the first month of life in a birth cohort in the Northeast Region of Brazil
Authors: Cirqueira Rosana Porto , Novaes Taiane Gonçalves , Gomes Andressa Tavares , Bezerra Vanessa Moraes , Pereira Netto Michele , Rocha Daniela da Silva
Published: February 2021

Abstract Objectives: to determine the prevalence and analyze the factors associated with newborns drinking tea in a birth cohort. Methods: A cross-sectional study with nested prospective cohort was conduct with 329 puerperal women and their newborns in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. Sociodemographic and information about the newborn's diet and mothers/babies was obtained at a maternity and 30 days after birth, at home visits. The prevalence ratios (PR) and its respective confidence intervals (CI95%) were estimated with Poisson regression models according to the hierarchical conceptual model. Results: the prevalence of tea consumption up to 30 days of life was 34.6% (CI95%=29.7; 40.0%). The sociodemographic and maternal characteristics associated with the outcome were not having a partner (PR = 1.39; CI95%=1.03-1.88), more than eight years of schooling (PR=1.38; CI95%=1.03-1.84), lower income (PR=2.21; CI95%=1.31-3.73), primiparous (PR=1.48; CI95%=1.01-2.17) and does not have any experience with breastfeeding before (PR=2.25; CI95%=1.48-3.41). As for the child, there was a higher prevalence of tea consumption than among those who received artificial milk in the first month of life (PR= 2.10; CI95%=1.62-2.73). Conclusions: the offer of tea in the first month of life was high. Tea consumption was positively associated with sociodemographic, maternal and newborn feeding factors.
Impact of a randomized school-based intervention program on blood pressure levels
Authors: Matos Raiani Spalenza , Siqueira Jordana Herzog , Cunha Diana Barbosa , Molina Maria del Carmen Bisi
Published: February 2021

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the impact of a health program performed in a school setting on the blood pressure levels of schoolchildren in the public school system in Vitória/ES-Brazil. Methods: a randomized community trial was performed with 237 schoolchildren (6 to 12 years) from two public schools, randomly defined as the intervention and control school. Participants of the intervention group attended 11 education sessions over 4 months (July to October 2014). To test for differences between groups, the chi-square (categorical variables), and the paired t test or Wilcoxon (continuous variables) was used. The rate of variation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) throughout the follow-up, according to allocation group, was evaluated using linear generalized models for time-repeated measures. Results: there was a reduction in the means of SBP (0.5 mmHg) and DBP (0.6 mmHg) in the intervention group and an increase in the control group, with a significant difference in the BP variation between groups over the follow-up period (p<0.05). Conclusion: a low-cost and easily implemented intervention may be one of the factors associated with the lowest blood pressure levels in the group studied, and reproduction in a school environment is feasible.
Epidemiological profile of women with endometriosis: a retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Cardoso Jéssica Vilarinho , Machado Daniel Escorsim , Silva Mayara Calixto da , Berardo Plínio Tostes , Ferrari Renato , Abrão Maurício Simões , Perini Jamila Alessandra
Published: February 2021

Abstract Objectives: to describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of women with endometriosis and to determine the association with the prognostic characteristics of the disease. Methods: retrospective descriptive study involving 237 women attended at two referral hospitals for endometriosis, between 2011 and 2017. Associations between groups were estimated using logistic regression models. Results: most women (65.4%) were of reproductive age (29-39 years), with a body mass index in the range of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 and a high prevalence (23-81%) of symptoms of the disease, with 49.5% being infertile. The average time of diagnosis was 5 years. Ovarian endometrioma and/or deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) were the most frequent type of endometriosis (87%), and 59% of patients were in the III/IV stage of the disease. Approximately 87% of women with surgical diagnosis were aged over 30, married (70%) and had lower parity. Dyspareunia was negatively associated with superficial endometriosis. Infertility was positively associated with age (30-39 years) and DIE in the uterine tubes; dysmenorrhea with DIE in the uterosacral ligament; cyclic intestinal complaints with DIE in the rectosigmoid and intestine, and with DIE classification and III/IVstage. Conclusions: knowing the epidemiological and clinical profile of Brazilian women with endometriosis can help in diagnosis and treatment planning.
Factors associated with obstetric interventions in public maternity hospitals
Authors: Pinto Keli Regiane Tomeleri da Fonseca , Zani Adriana Valongo , Bernardy Cátia Campaner Ferrari , Rossaneis Mariana Angela , Rodrigues Renne , Parada Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima
Published: February 2021

Abstract Objectives: to identify the prevalence and factors associated with obstetric interventions in parturients assisted in public maternity hospitals. Methods: a cross-sectional study with 344 puerperal women, from two public maternity hospitals, referring to childbirth by Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) (Public Health Service System) in Londrina City, Paraná, Brazil, between January and June 2017. The medical records were the data source. The following obstetric interventions were considered: oxytocin use, artificial rupture of the membranes, instrumental childbirth and episiotomy. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to analyze associated factors, with p<5% being significant. Results: the prevalence of obstetric intervention was 55.5%, the maximum number of interventions in the same parturient woman was three. The most frequent interventions were the use of oxytocin (50.0%) and artificial rupture of membranes (29.7%). The variables associated on maternal disease (p=0.005) and intrapartum meconium (p=0.022) independently increased, the risk of obstetric intervention, while dilation was equal to or greater than 5 cm at admission, there was a protective factor against this outcome (p=0.030). Conclusion: the prevalence of obstetric interventions was high. In the case of maternal disease and intrapartum meconium, special attention should be given to the parturient woman, in order to avoid unnecessary interventions. Thus, the maternity hospitals need to review their protocols, seeking good practices in childbirth care.
Peer victimization at school and associated factors in Campeche, Mexico
Authors: Sánchez-Pérez Héctor Javier , Vega Edith Zúñiga , Salazar Ángel Sinaí Sosa , Orellana Sergio Alvarado , Romero-Sandoval Natalia , Martín Miguel
Published: February 2021

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence ofpeer victimization (VI-P) and to identify factors associated to it. Methods: a cross sectional study based on a state-representativesample; 2555 students from primary and secondary schools of Campeche, in the academic year 2015-2016 participated. They were interviewed face to face. VI-P was analyzed by sex, age and various school-related aspects with prevalence rate and 95% confidence interval. The analysis of interactions among the studied factors was carried out using a hierarchical log-lineal model. With the significant terms,a multiviarite analysis using a logistic model was performed. Based on this model, maximum and minimum predictive values for VI-P were calculated by odds inverse transformation. Results: the global prevalence of VI-P was 60.4% (CI95%= 58.6-62.3). The prevalence of violence physical, psycho-emotional, patrimonial, and sexual, were 28.8, 52.9, 26.5, and 8.7%, respectively. Students in the first year, who were male, had classes scheduled in the evening, attended a public school and resided in a municipality of high/highest margination index, had the highest probability (75.3%) of suffering VI-P. Conclusions: given the high levels of VI-P found, and its possible effects, it is necessary implement truly effective measures to prevent it.
Prevalence and factors associated with group B streptococcal colonization in pregnant women
Authors: Oliveira Taís Viana Lédo de , Santana Fabrícia Almeida Fernandes , Souza Claudio Lima , Oliveira Márcio Vasconcelos
Published: February 2021

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence and the factors associated with the colonization by group B streptococcus (GBS) in pregnant women from the urban area attended at health units in a municipality in northeastern Brazil. Methods: it is a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2017 to March 2018. Vagino-rectal swabs were collected from 210 pregnant women between 32 and 40 weeks of gestation. The swabs were seeded on 5% sheep blood agar and on chromogenic agar. For confirmatory identification of GBS, the CAMP test and latex agglutination were used. Descriptive analysis and univariate and multivariate association analysis were performed using a multinomial logistic model. Results: the prevalence of GBS colonization among pregnant women was 18.1% (n = 38), and a statistically significant association (p<0.05) was found for income and parity variables in the group of older women in the univariate analysis, and for skin color, age and parity in the final multivariate analysis. Conclusions: the prevalence of maternal colonization by GBS was similar to that described in other studies. Although some risk factors, such as skin color, age and parity, were associated with colonization, other studies are essential to establish more information on pregnant women more likely to be colonized by GBS.
Potencial socioeconômico de produtos florestais não madeireiros na reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável do Uatumã, Amazonas
Authors: Giatti Otávio Ferrarim , Mariosa Pedro Henrique , Alfaia Sônia Sena , Silva Suzy Cristina Pedroza da , Pereira Henrique dos Santos
Published: February 2021

Resumo: Nas áreas protegidas da Amazônia, o extrativismo de Produtos Florestais Não Madeireiros (PFNMs) é uma das atividades econômicas mais relevantes para o bem-estar das comunidades e para a conservação in situ da agrobiodiversidade. Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar as atuais práticas de manejo e de comercialização dos PFNMs na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Uatumã, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 23 unidades familiares e 7 revendedores locais de produtos regionais. Para avaliação do potencial de comercialização, as seguintes variáveis foram consideradas: abundância de PFNMs disponíveis, interesse das famílias, práticas de uso e de manejo, custo de produção, produtividade e rentabilidade. Dos 24 PFNMs coletados pelas famílias, houve maior representatividade nos produtos alimentícios. Com base em 9 indicadores de potencialidade, os 6 PFNMs com maior frequência de comercialização foram avaliados. A oferta e a demanda mostraram-se como variáveis determinantes em todos os PFNMs, e o custo da mão de obra mostrou-se como o fator de maior impacto no custo de produção. Os PFNMs são recursos que contribuem, principalmente, para a segurança alimentar das famílias. É recomendada a intensificação do manejo da copaíba (Copaifera L.), sobretudo para a obtenção de óleo de resina, produto mais bem avaliado pelas unidades familiares e com demanda regional crescente, segundo os revendedores.
Coleções fotográficas: discussões em torno do processo de intervenção arquivística
Authors: Costa Tatiele Araujo da , Rodrigues Mateus de Moura
Published: February 2021

RESUMO O presente artigo traz uma discussão em torno do processo de intervenção arquivística realizado ao acervo fotográfico do Memorial Cel. Claudino do 6º Batalhão de Polícia Militar de Rio Grande, abordando o processo de digitalização, onde foi possível analisar os resultados obtidos em dois equipamentos distintos e elencar prós e contras do processo. Após, foi realizada a busca por personagens para obtenção de relatos que fornecessem a descrição das peças. Em caráter complementar, aborda-se o uso de ferramentas digitais para identificar e acrescentar descrições. Logo, criou-se um catálogo seletivo como instrumento de pesquisa para fornecer organizadamente as descrições obtidas, a partir da Norma Brasileira de descrição arquivística - NOBRADE. Logo, a última etapa do processo foi a inserção das peças fotográficas e suas descrições em um blog criado de forma a disseminar o acervo e possibilitar uma interação dos visitantes à ferramenta possibilitando a colaboração nas descrições expostas.
Métricas alternativas de periódicos da Ciência da Informação
Authors: Rocha Ednéia Silva Santos , Silva Márcia Regina da
Published: February 2021

RESUMO Contemporaneamente, a Altmetria tem sido temática de interesse nos estudos sobre a comunicação científica. Tais estudos apontam essa abordagem quantitativa como uma forma significativa no mapeamento da produção científica circulante na web social. Neste escopo, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os indicadores altmétricos dos periódicos da Ciência da Informação com Qualis A1 (Capes), tendo como intuito levantar as variáveis: fontes de informação cujos artigos tiveram maior atenção on-line; periódicos que mais tiveram artigos com impacto nas redes sociais; periódicos que possuem ferramentas altmétricas incorporadas ao site institucional e; periódicos que possuem perfis em mídia social.Do ponto de vista metodológico, a pesquisa se caracteriza como quantitativa e qualitativa, do tipo exploratória que busca fazer uma análise comparativa a partir de indicadores altmétricos extraídos por meio da ferramenta Altmetric Explorer. Os resultados indicam que a maioria das publicações possui menções em fontes on-line. Nota-se que o nível de atenção on-line é maior para os artigos mais recentes. Assim como já observado em outros estudos altmétricos, o Mendeley e o Twitter são as principais redes sociais de circulação de resultados de pesquisas. Destaca-se um número significativo de menções aos artigos em notícias, o que indica que, especificamente na área da Ciência da Informação, os indicadores altmétricos podem contribuir com os estudos relacionados à divulgação científica na área. Observou-se que a maioria das revistas mais mencionadas não é de interesse específico da Ciência da Informação, bem como que grande parte dos periódicos tem perfis em redes sociais. Conclui-se que há um contexto favorável para a utilização de indicadores altmétricos como recurso complementar na avaliação da produção científica, tanto como contribuição nos estudos da comunicação científica.
Manganese fertilization for sweet cassava production under organic management system
Authors: Marchi Giuliano , Fialho Josefino de Freitas , Rein Thomaz Adolpho , Santos Junior João de Deus Gomes dos , Vieira Eduardo Alano , Sousa-Silva José Carlos , Malaquias Juaci Vitória , Silva Douglas Ramos Guelfi
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Organic management farms in the Federal District, Brazil, usually present overlimed and overfertilized soils, with high content of organic matter and high pH. These conditions lead to a low availability of manganese to crops. Many sweet cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) crops were diagnosed with Mn deficiency in the region, presenting low yields. In order to overcome such condition, an experiment was established comprising the following treatments: application of MnSO4 banded in rows; treatment of cassava cuttings with a MnSO4 solution before planting; application of MnSO4 and elemental sulfur (S0) banded in the rows, to acidify the soil, increasing the Mn solubility; and leaf spraying of a Mn solution. The best results were revealed when the Mn was applied by foliar spraying and using a combination of methods (treatment of cassava cuttings with Mn, and Mn and S0 applied to the soil before planting). This treatments provided a fresh root yield of 19.5 Mg ha-1, contrasting with the control treatment (3.6 Mg ha-1).
CONTROVÉRSIAS COMO MÉTODO PARA ANTI-HISTÓRIA
Authors: Tureta César , Américo Bruno , Clegg Stewart
Published: February 2021

RESUMO Nosso objetivo é construir uma proposta de método para os ANTi-historiadores, tomando a análise da controvérsia como ponto de partida. Apesar do desenvolvimento teórico e metodológico da abordagem ANTi-história para o estudo do conhecimento do passado e a criação de sua história, há espaço para o desenvolvimento de um método com base na análise de controvérsias. Baseamos nossa proposta em algumas das suposições da ANTi-história (relacionalismo, princípio de simetria e multiplicidade) e conceitos práticos (tradução e política de redes de atores). Além disso, recomendamos quatro critérios que os pesquisadores devem usar na escolha de uma controvérsia para servir como ponto de partida para a investigação. Por fim, apresentamos cinco etapas para colocar em ação a investigação do conhecimento do passado e a criação da história.
Asset stewardship: delivering sustainable sewer rehabilitation across Ireland
Authors: Clarke Ryan
Published: February 2021

Irish Water and Northern Ireland Water are both using ISO 55000 asset management best practice to deliver their respective sewer rehabilitation projects in the island of Ireland. By prioritising, optimising and applying asset management theory, they have added value by increasing their infrastructure lifespans, improving project efficiencies and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Their combined programme of projects highlights how civil engineers can use asset management as a sustainable solution to safeguarding tomorrow while delivering today.
Use of fall-cone flow index for soil classification: a new plasticity chart
Authors: Vardanega Paul J. , Haigh Stuart K. , O'Kelly Brendan C.
Published: February 2021

Use of the Casagrande-style plasticity chart to classify fine-grained soils using Atterberg's liquid and plastic limits is ubiquitous in geotechnical engineering. This classification is dependent on the thread-rolling and Casagrande-cup tests, which are both more operator dependent than the fall-cone liquid limit test. This paper shows that the slope of the data acquired during the fall-cone liquid limit test (the fall-cone flow index) can be used to redraw the plasticity chart, thus allowing classification of fine-grained soils to be achieved solely from fall-cone liquid limit data.
Detailed study of the electrochemical behavior of low-reflectivity TiAlN coatings
Authors: Mejía V. Hernán D , Echavarría Aida M , Bejarano G. Gilberto
Published: February 2021

Titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) is proposed as a coating to decrease the reflectivity of surgical instrumentation, thereby improving the field of vision of surgeons during procedures, although the corrosion resistance of the material against repeated sterilization processes must be guaranteed. The influence of aluminum (Al) on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of low-reflectivity titanium aluminum nitride coatings deposited by direct-current unbalanced magnetron sputtering was evaluated. The optical properties, chemical phases and composition were determined using the ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The microstructures were analyzed by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy–selected area electron diffraction. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization. It was found that an increase in the aluminum content reduced the coating reflectivity by 60%, showing a dense columnar crystalline structure with a grain size of 200–100 nm and roughness of 6.7–4.0 nm and the coexistence of titanium nitride (TiN), aluminum nitride (AlN), titanium aluminum nitride and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) phases. In comparison with AISI 420 steel, the TiAlN-1300W aluminum coating showed a more positive corrosion potential, as well as a current density two orders of magnitude lower, thus guaranteeing corrosion resistance.
Autoimmunity in Acute Poststreptococcal GN: A Neglected Aspect of the Disease
Authors: Rodriguez-Iturbe Bernardo
Published: February 2021

Acute poststreptococcal GN (APSGN) is the prototype of immune complex GN and is associated with manifestations of autoimmune reactivity that have been neglected as epiphenomena. Recently, studies have demonstrated transient antifactor B autoantibodies that activate the alternative complement pathway, bringing self-immunity to a central position in the pathogenesis of APSGN. Therefore, examining other manifestations of autoimmunity that have been reported in association with poststreptococcal GN is of interest. This article reviews the renal and extrarenal manifestations of autoimmune reactivity in APSGN and considers their potential relevance in modifying the usually benign clinical course of the disease. It also discusses related aspects of the nephritogenic antigens, complement activation, and genetic elements associated with immune reactivity and their potential relevance to the familial incidence of the disease.
Las humanidades médicas desde la perspectiva de estudiantes de medicina
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Cardona Arias Jaiberth Antonio , Estrada Mesa Diego Alejandro ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Published: February 2021

En los últimos cincuenta años, las humanidades médicas se han constituido en un campo heterogéneo de disciplinas que pretende impactar de forma significativa la formación médica. Los trabajos empíricos en En Latinoamérica son exiguos los trabajos sobre la función de las humanidades médicas, las áreas que estas integran, los conocimientos que las componen o sus concepciones y significados. Por ello, esta investigación responde a la siguiente pregunta: ¿cuáles son los significados, concepciones y prácticas relacionadas con las humanidades médicas en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad colombiana ubicada en Medellín? La respuesta permitió realizar un diagnóstico de las perspectivas de los estudiantes frente a saberes que no forman parte de las ciencias básicas, clínicas y profesionales de la medicina, pero que resultan esenciales dentro de su formación. Además, ofrece alternativas curriculares en torno a las humanidades, para corregir situaciones problemáticas develadas en los resultados. Se realizó un estudio mixto, articulando los hallazgos de una aproximación cualitativa orientada por las opciones analíticas de la teoría fundamentada de Strauss y de un diseño cuantitativo observacional con la evaluación psicométrica de una escala. Este diseño permitió concluir que, a pesar de los avances de las humanidades médicas desde hace cinco décadas, en la población de estudio predominan significados, concepciones y ontologías de lo social en salud propios de la década de 1970. Este es un obstáculo para el avance en diferentes frentes, como las preferencias del paciente en la medicina basada en la evidencia, la explicación de la etiología de la salud-enfermedad desde los determinantes sociales de la salud, la medicina centrada en la persona, la atención humanizada y otros discursos, corrientes o paradigmas relevantes de la contemporaneidad, que en esta población solo aparecen como una retórica carente de sentido práctico o cotidiano.
The Intrusiveness of Heritage: The Vikingification of a Small Community in Vestfold, Norway
Authors: Eriksen Anne
Published: February 2021

While heritage is almost by definition understood as fragile, vulnerable and in need of protection, this article argues that it is also a powerful cultural force in contemporary society. The small community of Borre, south of Oslo in Norway, is used as a case to investigate how heritage has the power to invade and colonise, and how it has the capacity to create new meanings and redefine social relations. A triad of concepts – expansion, intensification and entanglement – is proposed as a tool for investigating these processes. The article argues that heritage processes “devour” the local culture, turning sites, activities and objects into a Viking mode and becoming a dominant key of understanding.
Sensory and Physicochemical Quality Characteristics of Haddock Fish Cake Enriched with Atlantic Mackerel
Authors: Cropotova Janna , Mozuraityte Revilija , Standal Inger Beate , Szulecka Olga , Kulikowski Tomasz , Mytlewski Adam , Rustad Turid
Published: February 2021

Research background. It is desirable to increase the consumption of pelagic fish rich in long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Partial replacement of traditionally used white fish species by pelagic fish will increase the content of omega-3 fatty acids, and thus improve the nutritional value but it may also affect the consumer acceptance. The aim of this study is to assess the physicochemical and sensory quality of novel fish cake prototypes prepared from haddock and mackerel mince.

Experimental approach. Fillets of haddock and Atlantic mackerel were used as raw material for preparation of fish cakes. The fish fillets were minced, mixed together (in haddock/mackerel mass ratio of 100:0, 75:25 and 50:50) with salt, potato starch, pepper and full fat milk. Physicochemical and sensory analyses were further performed.

Results and conclusions. The fatty acid composition analysis showed that the recommended daily intake of 250 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid can easily be reached by consumption of fish cakes enriched with mackerel. The oxidation levels of all fish cakes were low in terms of peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay (TBARS). Fish cakes prepared with higher mass fraction of mackerel mince (>50 %) had significantly (p<0.05) softer texture than other fish cakes due to higher amount of fat in their formulations. At the same time, these fish cakes were significantly darker than haddock-based (>50 %) fish cakes due to higher myoglobin content in the fish muscle. Moreover, fish cakes with higher amount of mackerel mince had increased yellowness due to the accumulation of water-soluble (r=0.990, p<0.05) and fat-soluble (r=0.976, p<0.05) TBARS. Metabolites relevant for taste and quality were quantified by using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The mass fractions of anserine, trimethylamine oxide and β-alanine decreased, while the mass fractions of histidine, glutamic acid and alanine increased with the addition of mackerel. Sensory tests have shown the addition of mackerel did not reduce consumer acceptability of the new fish cakes.

Novelty and scientific contribution. The research demonstrates that Atlantic mackerel can be successfully used for partial replacement of white fish species in fish cake formulations to produce healthy and tasty ready-to-cook products and increase the consumption of small pelagic fish in Europe.
Salinity tolerance of Avena sativa fodder genotypes
Authors: Roy Ajoy Kumar , Malaviya Devendra Ram , Anand Anjali , Choubey Rang Nath , Baig Mirza Jaynul , Dwivedi Kuldeep , Kaushal Pankaj
Published: February 2021

Oats (Avena sativa L.) is an important winter season fodder cultivated in many parts of the world. India faces huge shortages of green forage and possesses large salt-affected areas, so identification of salt-tolerant material offers scope for breeding of cultivars for increasing production from salt-affected soils. Forty-eight genotypes of oats comprised of cultivars, germplasm accessions and advanced breeding lines were evaluated with the aim of identifying salt-tolerant genotypes for use on saline soils and/or in programs to breed more salt-tolerant cultivars. Screening was carried out at different growth stages in both pot and field studies. Germination and seedling vigor at different levels of salinity in terms of electrical conductivity (EC), i.e. EC4, EC8, EC12 and EC16, were assessed. Field-level salinity tolerance was assessed in pits where soils had EC ranging from 3.3 to 3.6 dS/m and pH 9.6. Sand culture experiments were carried out on 2 genotypes at different levels of NaCl solution as well as saline soil scrap solution so as to simulate a real field situation. Na, K, Ca and proline concentrations were estimated to understand the mechanism of salinity tolerance of the crop. The study resulted in identification of some suitable genotypes with acceptable levels of salt tolerance, which can be used in developing productive cultivars for saline soils.
Chlorophyll concentration and production of Urochloa decumbens treated with diazotrophic bacteria and thiamine in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Vendruscolo Eduardo Pradi , De Oliveira Paulo Ricardo , Rodrigues Aliny Heloísa Alcântara , Correia Sávio Rosa , Campos Luiz Fernandes Cardoso , Seleguini Alexsander , De Lima Sebastião Ferreira
Published: February 2021

The effects of application of Azospirillum brasilense and thiamine on chlorophyll concentration and forage mass of Urochloa decumbens were evaluated in a small plot experiment conducted in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. The treatments were applications of: A. brasilense (concentration of 10 mL/L); thiamine at 2 concentrations: 50 and 100 mg/L; combinations of A. brasilense and thiamine at the 2 concentrations; and a Control treatment (untreated grass). At the first harvest there was a trend for applying A. brasilense, either alone or in combination with thiamine, to increase the concentrations of chlorophyll, but differences were not always significant at P<0.05. Dry mass of forage from applying A. brasilense plus thiamine at 100 mg/L was greater than that for Control and thiamine at both concentrations. At the second harvest, chlorophyll concentrations were not affected by treatment (P>0.05), while dry matter production of forage from applying A. brasilense alone and thiamine at 100 mg/L was greater (P<0.05) than that of Control and thiamine at 50 mg/L. Larger-scale and longer-term studies to validate these preliminary findings are needed.
Hybrids of Paspalum plicatulum × P. guenoarum: Selection for forage yield and cold tolerance in a subtropical environment
Authors: Saraiva Karla M. , Dall'Agnol Miguel , Da Motta Eder A.M. , Pereira Emerson A. , De Souza Cleber H.L. , Simioni Carine , Weiler Roberto L. , Kopp Maurício M. , Schneider-Canny Raquel , Barbosa Marlon R.
Published: February 2021

Selection of improved genotypes is important for pasture-based feeding systems in subtropical regions. Our goal was to identify hybrids of Paspalum with enhanced forage yield and cold tolerance across 2 sites [Bagé and Eldorado do Sul (ES)], in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We evaluated 19 P. plicatulum × P. guenoarum hybrids, P. plicatulum genotype 4PT, P. guenoarum cultivars Azulão and Baio and, as Control, Megathyrsus maximus cv. Aruana. At both sites, the experimental design was a completely randomized block with 4 replications. Total dry mass (total-DM), leaf-DM and cold tolerance (ColdT) were recorded. At Bagé, hybrid 102069 produced higher total-DM and leaf-DM than the progenitors and cv. Aruana, while at ES, hybrids 102069 and 10308 produced higher total-DM than 4PT, Azulão and Aruana; hybrid 102069 had higher leaf-DM. At Bagé, 16 hybrids displayed ColdT similar to their progenitors and higher than Aruana, while at ES, 12 hybrids showed ColdT similar to Azulão and Baio and higher than 4PT and Aruana. This study demonstrated that hybrids of Paspalum with superior forage yield to their progenitors and Aruana, and hybrids with higher ColdT than 4PT and Aruana are in existence. The hybridization technique shows potential for producing alternative genotypes with higher forage yield and ColdT for sowing in subtropical regions.
Analisa Hasil Pengelasan Baja SA333 Grade 6 Untuk Aplikasi PLTN
Authors: Suherman Suherman , Kuncoro Herbanu Dwi , Abdullah Ilmi , Mizhar Susri
Published: February 2021

Baja SA333 Gr-6 merupakan baja karbon rendah (C-Mn) yang sering digunakan dalam struktur Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN) karena memiliki sifat yang menguntungkan seperti konduktivitas termal yang lebih tinggi dan ekspansi termal yang lebih rendah. Baja ini digunakan sebagai pipa utama pengangkutan panas (primary heat transport) untuk reaktor air berpendingin gas (Heavy Water Gas Cooled Reactor, HWGCR) dan pipa pada reactor pressure vessels (RPv) dalam sistem PLTN. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa kekuatan mekanis pada hasil lasan pada baja SA A333 grade 6 menggunakan metode SMAW. Baja yang telah dilas diuji merusak (uji tarik dan bending) dan tidak merusak (mikrostruktur) untuk mengetahui kualitas hasil sambungan las. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terjadinya retak pada sambungan las terutama pada permukaan las akibat beban bending. Disimpulkan bahwa baja SA 333 Gr 6 yang dilas dengan metode SMAW belum memenuhi kriteria penerimaan uji menurut ASME IX dan ASME III sehingga belum bisa diterapkan di pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir.
Analisis Risiko Proyek PLTN Kalbar Dengan Pendekatan Model AHP dan PMBOK
Authors: Bastori Imam - , Sriyana Sriyana
Published: February 2021

Indonesia berencana membangun PLTN di Kalimantan Barat. Sebagai mega proyek, pembangunan PLTN memiliki kompleksitas yang tinggi dan risiko yang besar. Sebelum PLTN dikonstruksi, tahapan penting yang harus dijalankan adalah melakukan analisis risiko proyek PLTN. Secara umum analisis risiko proyek terdiri dari analisis kualitatif dan analisis kuantitatif. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis risiko kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kombinasi model AHP dan model PMBOK. Model AHP digunakan untuk menentukan bobot masing-masing faktor risiko sedangkan model PMBOK digunakan untuk menetapkan nilai kuantitatifnya. Dengan kombinasi model ini maka akan dapat menentukan nilai risiko biaya, waktu, lingkup proyek dan kualitas dan pada sisi lain dapat ditelusuri kontribusi masing-masing faktor risiko terhadap risiko proyek total. Analisis risiko ini akan sangat membantu proyek dalam memetakan ketidakpastian dan menyususn mitigasi yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus proyek PLTN dengan model kontrak EPC. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa risiko finansial memberikan kontribusi yang besar pada kenaikan biaya dan waktu pelaksanaan proyek, dan menurunkan kemampuan pada pencapaian lingkup proyek dan kualitas proyek. Lingkup proyek menjadi parameter yang paling terpengaruh oleh adanya risiko sedangkan kualitas merupakan parameter yang paling kecil terpengaruh oleh risiko. Adanya risiko menyebabkan kenaikan biaya proyek antara 10% - 20%, kenaikan waktu (durasi) pelaksanaan 5% - 10%.
Individual Effective Dose and Nuclear Emergency Planning for Muntok NPP Area using TMI-2 Source Term
Authors: Sunarko Sunarko , Su'ud Zaki
Published: February 2021

Probabilistic dose analysis from a postulated nuclear accident is performed for the Muntok area in the western Bangka region. Three-Mile Island unit 2PWR-type Nuclear Power Plant (TMI-2) source-term is compiled and used as accident data. The accident is also known as the Small-break Loss of Coolant Accident (SB-LOCA) accident. The isotopes used in the simulation are Kr-88, I-131, Xe-133, and Cs-137. The release point is a 50 m stack. Lagrangian particle dispersion method (LPDM) is used along with a 3-dimensional mass-consistent wind-field. Surface-level time-integrated air concentration and spatial distribution of ground-level total dose were obtained for dry conditions. Meteorological data is taken from hourly records obtained from an on-site meteorological tower in Muntok area for the 2014-2015 period. Effluent is released at a uniform rate during a 6-hour period and the dose is integrated for 12 hours from the beginning of the release until most of the plume left the model boundaries. The regulatory limit for the general public of 1 mSv was detected in an area located 2.5 km from the release point. Radioactive plume is spread from the postulated plant location to uninhabited areas consisted of bushes and farming areas in the SE-SSE direction and to W-NW direction to the Bangka Sea.
Kajian Implementasi Field Programmable Gate Array untuk Rencana Modernisasi Sistem Proteksi Reaktor
Authors: Maerani Restu , Suryono Tulis Jojok , Santoso Sigit , Subekti Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Penggunaan Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) pada reaktor nuklir sudah dilakukan sejak 2016, terutama diaplikasikan pada perangkat Sistem Instrumentasi dan Kendali (SIK). FPGA sebelumnya sudah diujikan pada rancangan Sistem Proteksi Reaktor (SPR) dan Engineered Safety Feature – Component Control System (ESF-CCS) reaktor daya tipe APR1400. Dengan adanya rencana peremajaan SIK reaktor serbaguna G.A. Siwabessy (RSG-GAS) pada bagian SPR, diharapkan sistem berbasis FPGA juga dapat diimplementasikan pada reaktor riset. Dengan pertimbangan nilai ekonomi, keamanan dan juga keandalannya, FPGA yang berbasis perangkat keras dinilai akan lebih aman dari serangan jaringan, lebih murah dari Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) yang berbasis perangkat lunak dan proses verifikasi dan validasinya yang lebih sederhana. Untuk menjamin berlangsungnya performa SPR RSG-GAS, proses digitalisasi perangkat kendali tidak dapat dihindari dan sebaiknya dilakukan. Penelitian ini membahas siklus perancangan berbasis FPGA yang diawali dengan mengkaji dokumen panduan terkait sistem yang penting untuk keselamatan terutama yang berbasis FPGA agar dapat mengacu kepada persyaratan, baik untuk perancangan perangkat keras maupun perangkat lunak, proses reverse engineering hingga proses validasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini bertujuan agar pada proses desain dalam upaya peremajaan SPR RSG-GAS dapat mengikuti metode yang telah disyaratkan terkait perancangan SIK berbasis FPGA untuk reaktor riset, sehingga dapat mempermudah proses perolehan ijin dari badan pengawas tenaga nuklir untuk dapat dilakukan penggantian desain SPR berbasis FPGA.
Persepsi Masyarakat dan Potensi Public Acceptance Terkait Wacana Pembangunan PLTN di Kabupaten Bengkayang
Authors: Herawati Netty , Sudagung Adityo Darmawan
Published: February 2021

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN) merupakan salah satu jenis pembangkit yang memiliki kelebihan dalam menghasilkan kapasitas listrik yang besar, stabil dan murah. Kelebihan tersebut menjadikan PLTN sebagai salah satu pilihan untuk memenuhi tuntutan ketersediaan listrik yang besar agar dapat menunjang perekonomian berbasis industri di Indonesia. Kabupaten Bengkayang merupakan salah satu daerah yang memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan lokasi tapak PLTN di Kalimantan Barat. Berkaitan dengan pemikiran tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan kajian untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi masyarakat serta potensi ‘’public acceptance’’ sehubungan dengan adanya wacana untuk membangun PLTN di Kalimantan Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah pemaparan kualitatif mengenai persepsi masyarakat di Kabupaten Bengkayang. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik observasi, wawancara mendalam  serta studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan masyarakat Bengkayang tentang nuklir dan PLTN masih sangat terbatas. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh minimnya wawasan dan pemahaman masyarakat tentang nuklir hampir di semua lapisan. Persepsi masyarakat tentang nuklir pun keliru dengan mengidentikkan nuklir dengan bom dan selalu mengkaitkan PLTN dengan bahaya radiasi dan kecelakaan nuklir. Selain itu, ada kecenderungan masyarakat untuk setuju dan menerima rencana pemerintah untuk membangun PLTN dengan catatan pemerintah dapat menjamin keamanan dan masyarakat mendapat keuntungan dan mafaat yang jelas sebagai dampak kehadiran PLTN di wilayahnya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sikap penerimaan masyarakat tidak sepenuhnya dibangun dari aspek pemahaman publik, namun lebih ditentukan faktor kepentingan dan harapan masyarakat untuk memperbaiki kesejahteraannya