bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Disparities in the Hospitalized Child
Authors: McKay Shaunte , Parente Victoria
Published: May 2019

Health care disparities exist along the continuum of care for children admitted to the hospital; they start before admission, impact hospital course, and continue after discharge. During an acute illness, risk of admission, length of stay, hospital costs, communication during family-centered rounds, and risk of readmission have all been shown to vary by socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity. Understanding factors beyond the acute illness that increase a child’s risk of admission, increase hospital course complications, and lower discharge quality is imperative for the new generation of pediatric hospitalists focused on improving health for a population of children. In this article, we describe a framework to conceptualize socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic health disparities for the hospitalized child. Additionally, we offer actions pediatric hospitalists can take to address disparities within their practices.
Timing and Duration of Sleep in Hospitalized Children: An Observational Study
Authors: Cowherd Ellen L. , Sutton Ashley G. , Vincent Jennifer O. , Humphries Michael S. , Ritter Victor , Fine Jason , Steiner Michael J.
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Sleep during hospitalization is important, but data on children’s sleep quality during hospitalization are lacking. We sought to document sleep duration and awakenings in hospitalized children and explore associations between sleep and chronic care complexity, home sleep quality, and late-night food consumption.

METHODS:

Children aged 2 to 17 years admitted to a hospitalist service for at least 24 hours were approached for participation. Children were video recorded from 20:00 to 08:00. Paired investigators reviewed recordings and extracted data. Investigators blinded to sleep data separately extracted clinical and demographic information. Analyses included Spearman correlations and linear and generalized linear regression models with t and Wald χ2 tests.

RESULTS:

The mean time subjects (n = 57) initiated sleep was 22:35 (range: 20:00–02:47), with a mean sleep duration of 475 minutes (89–719 minutes). Subjects awakened 2.2 times (0–7 times, SD: 1.9) per night, on average, with the average total time awake during those awakenings of 55.7 minutes (2–352 minutes, SD: 75 minutes). In multivariate analysis, children with private insurance had longer sleep duration. Additionally, subjects who ate a snack after 21:00 went to sleep much later (odds ratio: 9.5; confidence interval: 2.6 to 34.9) and had 64 minutes less total sleep time and spent less time in bed than patients who did not eat late (P = .007).

CONCLUSIONS:

Hospitalized children sleep less than recommended and experience frequent awakenings. Some demographic variables are related to sleep. Many hospitalized children also consume food at night, which is associated with later bedtime and less sleep. Future efforts to improve sleep in hospitalized children are needed.
Genetic Approaches to Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Leong Melanie
Published: May 2019

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a common and challenging complication of prematurity, with limited effective strategies at the neonatologist’s disposal. Throughout the years, our understanding of this complex syndrome has broadened. Instead of solely attributing this disease to the effects of prematurity and injuries to the lung from mechanical ventilation, it is now accepted to be a multifactorial disease. Recent research efforts have focused on investigating the gene-environment interactions that may influence an infant’s susceptibility toward the development of BPD. So far, success has been limited but promising, offering hope that in the future, novel therapies will be available to ameliorate the risk for BPD.
Gestão da Educação Municipal: perspectivas, desafios e a plataforma Conviva Educação no município de Cachoeira do Sul/RS
Authors: Zinn Carla Da Luz , Lunardi Elisiane Machado
Published: May 2019

O Brasil, enquanto país federativo compartilha o poder com cada ente que tem competência própria, ficando a cargo dos estados e municípios a efetivação do direito à educação básica. Nesta seara, o objetivo deste estudo é de analisar indicadores de qualidade da gestão educacional do município de Cachoeira do Sul/RS, a partir dos dados gerados pela Plataforma Conviva. Como metodologia o estudo está ancorado na abordagem qualitativa, com análise documental dos seguintes marcos legais: Constituição Federal/CF 1988, Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional/LDBEN 1996, Plano Nacional de Educação/PNE 2014, além das leis municipais de Cachoeira do Sul/RS, Bordignon (2013), relatórios de gestão e diagnóstico da gestão da educação municipal gerado pela Plataforma Conviva Educação. A partir dos dados encontrados, aponta-se como desafios da gestão da educação municipal de Cachoeira do Sul/RS: a oferta da educação infantil, a permanência e o sucesso na aprendizagem dos estudantes. Da análise realizada, conclui- se que o Sistema Municipal de Ensino de Cachoeira do Sul/RS possui, em suas diferentes dimensões da gestão, ações prioritárias para serem desenvolvidas e consolidadas na organização da autonomia municipal.
Efeito do óleo de copaíba na adesão de células e viabilidade de células-tronco mesenquimais
Authors: Lund Daniela Guerra , Braghirolli Daikelly Iglesias , Adrião Yakime Brito , Apel Miriam Anders , Konrath Eduardo Luis , Pranke Patricia Helena Lucas
Published: May 2019

A oleorresina de copaíba é amplamente utilizada como medicamento tradicional pelos índios da Amazônia, por meio da administração oral e tópica. Este produto natural possui propriedades anti-microbianas, anti-inflamatórias, anti-tumorais e também cicatrizantes. No presente estudo, o efeito da oleorresina da copaíba na viabilidade celular e na adesão de células-tronco mesenquimais foi avaliado in vitro. A concentração de óleo utilizada neste trabalho foi de 0,5 µg / mL durante um período de 7 dias. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatística para adesão celular. A análise do MTT indicou que não houve diferença estatística em relação à absorbância média no período de quatro horas para 1 dia. No entanto, ambos diferiram significativamente da absorbância média nos dias 3 e 7. Embora não haja diferença estatística entre os tratamentos, o óleo de copaíba não foi citotóxico.
Reação de genótipos de cenoura a queima das folhas na região do Alto Vale do Itajaí/SC
Authors: Marcuzzo Leandro Luiz , Teixeira Vandréia Ricobom
Published: May 2019

A cenoura é uma hortaliça de elevado valor nutritivo, sendo provavelmente umas das principais fontes de β-caroteno, no entanto a queima das folhas (Alternaria dauci) tem comprometido a cultura em decorrência da severa incidência foliar. Diante desse aspecto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a reação dos seguintes genótipos à queima das folhas: Alvorada calibrada média; Brasília; Brazlândia, Ferracini, Flakee; Nantes; Nantes Express e Suprema calibrada média nas condições da Região do Alto Vale do Itajaí/SC. Os dados de severidade foram integralizados pela área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) e junto com a severidade final e da produtividade foram comparadas pelo teste Scott-Knott 5%. Não houve diferença na AACPD entre os genótipos e a severidade final foi estaticamente superior nos genótipos Nantes (57,3%) e Nantes Express (53,5%). A produtividade foi superior no Brasília e inferior no Nantes Express com 112.743 e 50.054 Kg.ha-1 respectivamente nas condições do Alto Vale do Itajaí/SC.
Aprofundamento teórico-metodológico da resolução de problemas na formação de professores de Ciências
Authors: Goi Mara Elisângela Jappe , Santos Flávia Maria Teixeira dos
Published: May 2019

Neste trabalho relata-se uma investigação realizada com professores de Ciências da Natureza em que se discutem aspectos observados nos contextos das aulas de Ciências a partir da proposta de utilização da metodologia de Resolução de Problemas na Educação Básica. O objetivo foi verificar como os professores colocam em prática aspectos trabalhados no curso de formação. Para isso, foram observadas e analisadas as aulas de cinco professores de Ciências da Natureza. Constatou-se que os professores apesar de compreenderem que a Resolução de Problemas traz benefícios ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem, não utilizavam a metodologia em suas salas de aula. A formação permitiu o aprimoramento das práticas profissionais dos professores e a constituição de uma base teórica de sustentação dessas práticas.
‘I will not put this request at the very beginning’
Authors: Zheng Qun , Xu Ying
Published: May 2019

Pragmatic (in)felicity in requests refers to the (in)appropriateness and (im)politeness of one’s language use. It has been a great challenge to L2 learners, as they are likely to compose grammatically correct but pragmatically infelicitous requests. Such infelicity could be associated with pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic factors, yet whether L2 learners are aware of those factors has been underexplored. To understand the effects of power, imposition, and modifications on email perception, we designed a matched guise test for 224 Chinese L2 learners, who were instructed to rate from 1 (very inappropriate/impolite) to 5 (very appropriate/polite) on four email requests (Power±; Imposition±). We found that (1) learners are highly aware of pragmalinguistic factors because they perceive requests mitigated by internal and external modifications as more appropriate and polite (p < .05), (2) learners have limited awareness of power difference as they rank direct form as inappropriate in peer-to-peer interaction, and (3) learners cannot realise fully the sociopragmatic factors involved in high-imposition situations. The awareness of pragmatic (in)felicity among learners seems to be underdeveloped as regards degree of power and imposition. The findings could have some implications in language pedagogy.
Patient-perceived barriers and enablers to adherence to physiotherapist prescribed self-management strategies
Authors: Peek Kerry , Carey Mariko , Mackenzie Lisa , Sanson-Fisher Robert
Published: May 2019

The objectives of this study were to describe patient-reported adherence to physiotherapist-prescribed self-management strategies; and the perceived barriers and enablers to adherence to each strategy. Patients attending physiotherapy private practices (n = 4) were observed during their consultation. Patients prescribed one or more self-management strategies received a follow-up telephone interview within 10–14 days of the observed consultation and were asked to self-report their level of adherence and their perceived barriers and/or enablers to each prescribed strategy. Results indicated that patients (n = 108) reported receiving 177 strategies and being fully adherent to 36% (95% CI: 29-44%) of these strategies. Patient-reported adherence barriers (n = 113) and enablers (n = 172) were coded using a modified version of the World Health Organisation five dimensions of adherence. Frequently reported barriers included social/economic-related (n = 52; 46%) such as being too busy, and patient-related (n = 29; 26%) including being too tired/lack of motivation. Frequently reported enablers included therapy-related (n = 71; 41%) such as “the strategy was easy to complete”, and condition-related (n = 45; 26%) including “that the strategy helped to manage symptoms”. Thus, patient adherence may be aided by ensuring that: the strategy is less complex; it does not cause pain; it isn’t time consuming; and it leads to an improvement in condition-related symptoms.
Influence of Diabetes on the Survival Rate and Marginal Bone Loss of Dental Implants: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Souto-Maior Juliana Raposo , Pellizzer Eduardo Piza , de Luna Gomes Jéssica Marcela , DDS Cleidiel Aparecido Araújo Lemos , DDS Joel Ferreira Santiago Júnior , Vasconcelos Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito , de Moraes Sandra Lúcia Dantas
Published: May 2019

We aimed to conduct an analysis of the systematic reviews (SRs) in literature about the implant survival rate (ISR) and marginal bone loss (MBL) in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. This work was registered in The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42018095314) and was developed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Cochrane Library Handbook. A search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, and LILACS. The PICO (problem/patient/population, intervention/indicator, comparison, outcome) question was “Do the survival rates of dental implants and marginal bone loss differ between diabetic and nondiabetic patients?” A total of 130 articles were retrieved. After eliminating repetitions, 118 were reviewed. Finally, 6 SRs were included. All the reviews indicated that there is no effect of diabetes on the ISR; however, a negative effect of the disease can be observed in MBL. Analysis of the quality of the studies was performed using the assessment of SRs in dentistry (Glenny Scale) and Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). Glenny Scale showed a moderate to high quality of the included studies. In contrast, AMSTAR 2 pointed out a critically low level for 4 studies, with no study fulfilling the criteria for high quality. It may be concluded that there is no effect of diabetes on the ISR; however, a negative effect of the disease can be observed on MBL.
Awareness, Sensitivity and Checking Our Privilege are Not Enough: Reflections on Whiteness and American Higher Education
Authors: Wise Tim
Published: May 2019

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Is American Racism Economics by Another Name?
Authors: Bell Derrick
Published: May 2019

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Letter from the editors
Authors: Busby Bruce , Salinas, Jr. Cristóbal , Wong (Lau) Kathleen , Biscoe Belinda P.
Published: May 2019

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Complicating the Binary: Towards a Discussion of Campus Climate Health
Authors: Ledesma Maria C.
Published: May 2019

In this conceptual paper, I embark on answering the question “is there a more nuanced way of helping postsecondary leaders, practitioners, and policy makers understand the gravity of addressing and confronting issues of campus climate?” In response, I propose that it may prove useful when framing issues of campus climate to complicate binary descriptions of climate as “chilly/welcoming” and “positive/negative,” and instead embrace the analogy of health. While the adoption of a metaphor of healthy campus climate is not novel per se, it remains under-theorized. As such, this paper aims to contribute to the conversation around diversity and campus climate by suggesting that a health metaphor applied to the study of campus climate is apropos and helps humanize the experiences of historically minoritized bodies in higher education.
From Cotton to Coca-Cola: A Family History Case Study on the Limitations of Higher Education to Close the Generational Wealth Gap
Authors: Irvine Jacqueline Jordan
Published: May 2019

This article is a family history that supported the relationship between slavery and generational wealth. The research documented the history of two Moffett families who were probably not related biologically—a White one who owned a Black one with the same last name. However, the two family histories revealed a larger and more complicated narrative about the origins and intractable roots of American inequality that follows the trail of my slave ancestors to one of the most well- known and wealthiest international corporations in the world—from cotton to Coca-Cola. This is the account of a set of conditions that, while assisting Whites to acquire generational wealth, prevented Black people from doing the same. The piece discusses how generational wealth is accumulated and maintained and argues that higher education alone has provided limited opportunities for Black families to acquire and maintain generational wealth. Recommendations included attention to individual and institutional racism, particularly the structural factors that White families have used to leverage their income and wealth, notably government programs, political and social contacts, access to financial resources, and privileged information about economic opportunities.
"I Just Feel Like I Have to Duke It Out by Myself": How Latino Men Cope with Academic and Personal Obstacles During College
Authors: Rodriguez Sarah L. , Lu Charles , Bukoski Beth E.
Published: May 2019

This qualitative study sought to identify the academic and social challenges that Latino men encountered during college as well as understand how Latino men utilized coping responses to overcome those obstacles. Latino men in this study most often encountered four major academic and social obstacles during their college experience: over involvement with on-campus organizations, academic preparedness, family influence, and building a support system. To cope with these challenges, study participants often chose to cope internally with obstacles, rather than reaching out and utilizing support systems. The men who utilized support systems to cope with their challenges relied mainly on college peers and mentors.
Controlling Images: Institutional Stereotypes of Engagement of Low-Income Families, First-Generation Families, and Families of Color
Authors: Ramos Delma , Kiyama Judy Marquez , Harper Casandra E.
Published: May 2019

This multiple case study examines how higher education institutions utilize controlling images to establish guidelines of family engagement, including that of first-generation families, low-income families, and/or families of color. Family engagement is limited to the extent to which it aligns with controlling images that paint families as overly involved or as uninterested, disengaged, and absent from the college experience of their children. This research contributes to our understanding of institutional responsibility when engaging diverse families. By utilizing controlling images as a framework, the article critically examines the stereotypes ascribed to families that shape their engagement experiences. Institutional, practice-based, and research implications are offered.
Breaking Down Walls and Building Bridges: A Study of Cross-Racial Interactions across Two Predominantly White Campuses
Authors: Grier-Reed Tabitha , Houseworth James , Diehl David
Published: May 2019

We examined predictors of self-reported cross-racial interactions (CRIs) by exploring ego networks for 355 Black and White undergraduates at two predominantly White institutions (PWIs). One PWI was 67% White, and the otherPWI was only 50% White. Institution, 1st year status, and racial homogeneity of student network were significant predictors of CRI. Students at the less structurally diverse university (that was 67% White) reported fewer CRIs;students with racially homogeneous networks (i.e., where all alters/connections were the same race as each other) also reported fewer CRIs. In contrast, 1st yearstudents reported a higher number of CRIs. Network homophily (i.e., where alters/connections in a network were all the same race as ego--the student himor herself) did not significantly predict CRIs, and neither did parent education or ego’s (i.e., the students’) race or gender. There was one significant difference by race; however, a higher percentage of White students had racially homogeneous networks. The importance of structural, interactional, and curricular diversity in higher education is discussed.
Building Individual and Institutional Capacity of an Urban Academic Health System to Serve Local Sex Trafficking Victims
Authors: Murray-Garcia John , Ackerman-Barger Kupiri W. , Goldstein Ellen , Nutor Jerry John
Published: May 2019

Every day, there are unrecognized sex trafficked victims visiting urban academic health systems in the United State, victims who are perhaps hoping against hope that a frontline provider, student, or staff member would ask that one question that would identify them as enslaved or otherwise trapped in an unthinkable situation. Health care providers’ lack of awareness of the relatively hidden population of sex trafficked victims causes missed opportunities to improve public health. Training healthcare providers to recognize and serve sex trafficked victims is critical, but such training will likely be less effective without addressing the institutional capacity of urban academic health systems. Indeed, local sex trafficking industries can thrive in the shadow of urban health systems, many associated with world class universities. This exploratory study aimed to assess and enhance the institutional capacity of an urban academic health system in the United States, and that of its employees, to appropriately serve victims of sex trafficking.
Engaging Filipinx Americans in Higher Education to Foster Student Success
Authors: Libarios, Jr.† Ernest “Niki” , Arriba Melissa , Lucas Chris M. , Goto Kawehionalani , Labrador Roderick N.
Published: May 2019

Increasingly, researchers call for closer examinations of Asian Americans to counter the false, yet widely held, assumption that collectively all Asian Americans are academically successful and have similar higher education experiences. Filipinx American college students are one of the fastest growing student populations of Asian Americans in higher education. As their enrollment numbers increase, it is even more imperative to recognize how the needs of Filipinx American students as a disaggregated group, differ from other Asian American students and understand the factors that contribute to Filipinx American postsecondary success. This article focuses directly upon Filipinx American students. It explores the various higher education engagement challenges, provides a theoretical framework to better understand the Filipinx American postsecondary student experience, and offers four important institutional engagement strategies to nurture educational attainment and success.
Diversity Competence within Faculty-Led Study Abroad Programs
Authors: Marie Jakia , Sanders Kimberly N.
Published: May 2019

Previous studies have noted the positive role studying abroad has played in the lives of students; however, there are clear disparities in the structure of faculty- led study abroad programs that limit students’ ability to fully maximize the usefulness of these experiences. Focusing on the role of faculty leaders in study abroad programs, this paper critically examines extant literature related to student experiences studying abroad. Through our examination of existing research, we conclude that it is essential for faculty to be more competent in relation to diversity and be aware of their positionality and the intersecting identities of their students before departing to the host country. We argue this prerequisite creates a more equitable and optimal learning experience for students.
Factors influencing triple constraints in public sector projects in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Ellis Leighton , Martin Hector , Ramcharitar Syra
Published: May 2019

The dynamic construction industry has seen many advances over the years, yet schedule delay, cost overrun and reduced quality are still prevalent, with little to no sign of improvement. Additionally, it remains unclear as to which of the key stakeholders, client, consultant or contractor, is the most responsible for the factors affecting the time, cost and quality of a construction project. This study aims to address this as well as determine whether there is any significant difference in the way in which any of the critical factors affect the three respective variables. It goes on to provide recommendations based on the most influential factors. By conducting a questionnaire survey among clients, consultants and contractors associated with public construction projects, 29 factors were analysed and ranked using the relative importance index where a series of Friedman’s tests determined any variation in the effect that a factor may have on time, cost and quality. The main finding of this study showed that the critical factors have different impacts on the time, cost and quality of a public construction project in Trinidad and Tobago. The findings also indicated that factors associated with project changes are the most influential on a project, closely followed by project management factors.
Propolis içeren çinko oksit öjenol esaslı deneysel kök kanal patlarının fiziksel özelliklerinin standart patlarla in vitro olarak karşılaştırılması
Authors: EKİCİ Mügem Aslı , ÖMÜRLÜ Hüma
Published: May 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı propolis içeren çinko oksit öjenol esaslı deneysel
patların (PP) fiziksel özelliklerinin ve mikrosızıntısının Grossman patı ve AH
Plus ile karşılaştırılmasıdır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, Tekirdağ yöresinden (Trakya bölgesi, Türkiye) toplanılan
propolis kullanıldı. Değişik oranlarda propolis içeren patlar [%5 (PP5), %10
(PP10), %25 (PP25), %50 (PP50)], Grossman patı ve AH Plus ile karşılaştırıldı.
Film kalınlıkları, akıcılıkları, radyoopasiteleri, sertleşme süreleri,
çözünürlükleri ve sudaki ekstraktlarının pH’ları ISO 6876/2001 standartlarına
göre değerlendirildi. Patların mikrosızıntıları bilgisayarlı sıvı filtrasyon
yöntemiyle incelendi. İstatistiksel analizde pH için Friedman testi, diğer tüm
testlerin analizinde Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanıldı (α=0.05).

Bulgular: PP’lerin çözünürlük hariç diğer fiziksel özellikleri ISO 6876/2001
standartlarına uygundu. PP’lerin çözünürlüğü Grossman patına benzer
(p>0.05), AH Plus’tan anlamlı şekilde fazlaydı (p<0.05). Gruplar-arası pH
karşılaştırmasında, PP’lerin sudaki ekstratlarının pH’si Grossman ve AH Plus
patlarına benzer veya istatistiksel olarak onlardan daha yüksekti (p<0.05). Grup-içi
karşılaştırmalarda da anlamlı farklar bulunmakla beraber (p<0.05), pH
değerlerinin zaman ile yükselme eğiliminde olduğu görüldü. Mikrosızıntı için en
yüksek değerler PP5’te ve Grossman patında (p>0.05; ikisi birbirine benzerdi),
en düşük değerler ise AH Plus’ta görüldü; PP10, PP25 ve PP50 bunların arasında idi.

Sonuç: Propolis patlarının fiziksel özelliklerinin çoğunun ISO 6876/2001
standartlarına uygun bulunması, mikrosızıntılarının Grossman patından daha az
olması ve sudaki ekstraktlarının pH’lerinin uygun olması gelecekte olası klinik
kullanımları için umut vericidir.
Evaluation of the cranial base and sella turcica morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate
Authors: CANIGÜR BAVBEK Nehir , TEKİN KAYMAZ Fatma , TÜRKÖZ Çağrı
Published: May 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the size and morphology of the sella turcica and cranial base in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and to compare it with individuals showing Class III discrepancy due to maxillary deficiency (CL3) and with individuals having normal (CL1) craniofacial development.

Materials and Method: This retrospective study was carried out on the lateral cephalogram tracings of UCLP (10 females, 4 males; 12.05±1.14 years), CL3 (10 females, 5 males; 11.73±0.89 years) and CL1 (10 females, 5 males; 13.11±1.11 years) patients. Linear and angular measurements related to sella turcica and cranial base were performed. Intergroup comparisons were either made with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test or with Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni adjustment (p<0.05). Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlations (p<0.01).

Results: The length of the maxilla (Co-A) was shorter in UCLP (p=0.035) and CL3 (p=0.001) than in CL1. Total cranial length (Ba-N) was greater in UCLP than in CL3 (p=0.012) and CL1 (p=0.016). Cranial base angle (N-S-Ar°) was less in CL3 than in UCLP (p=0.001) and CL1 (p=0.009). Ba-N (p=0.003) and anterior cranial length (S-N) (p=0.000) were positively correlated with Co-A. Posterior cranial length (S-Ba) was positively correlated with ramus height (Ar-Go) (p=0.001). The diameter of sella was bigger in CL1 than in CL3 (p=0.025). The prevalence of morphologic variations of sella turcica in UCLP was higher (71.4%) than in control groups.

Conclusion: Although there was a Class III tendency in UCLP due to maxillary deficiency, cranial base flexure characteristic to CL3 anomalies was not seen in this group. The existence of UCLP or CL3 did not alter dimensions of sella turcica, but morphologic variations were more common in UCLP.
Termoplastik pekiştirme apareylerinin transversal boyutların stabilitesinin korunmasındaki etkinliklerinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: CANIGÜR BAVBEK Nehir , TÜRKÖZ Çağrı , BALOŞ TUNCER Burcu , TUNCER Cumhur , ULUSOY Çağrı
Published: May 2019

Amaç: Çekimsiz sabit ortodontik tedavi görmüş hastalarda
termoplastik apareyler ile yürütülen pekiştirme tedavisi sonunda alt ve üst
dental arklardaki transversal boyutların stabilitesinin değerlendirilmesi
amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çekimsiz sabit ortodontik tedavisi tamamlanmış ve termoplastik
aparey ile ortalama 1 yıllık pekiştirme dönemi kayıtları mevcut olan iskeletsel
Sınıf 1, dişsel Angle sınıf I, optimal dik yön büyüme paterni gösteren, alt ve
üst arkta hafif çapraşıklığı bulunan 21 hastanın (16 kız, 5 erkek; yaş ortalaması 17.5 ± 1.2 yıl) tedavi başı (T1), tedavi sonu
(T2) ve pekiştirme sonu (T3) lateral sefalometrik kayıtları ile dental modelleri
değerlendirmeye alındı. Dental modeller, masaüstü tarayıcı ile taranarak
dijital ortama aktarıldı. İnterkanin, interpremolar ve intermolar mesafeler her
iki çenede ölçüldü. İstatistiksel olarak, normal dağılım gösteren veriler Tekrarlı
Ölçümler İçin ANOVA testi ile, normal dağılım göstermeyen veriler ise Wilcoxon
Signed-Rank testi ile değerlendirildi (α=0.05).Bulgular: İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklar üst çenede interpremolar
mesafe için T1-T2 dönemleri arasında (p<0.001) ve T1-T3 dönemleri arasında (p<0.001),
alt çenede ise interpremolar mesafe için yalnızca T1-T2 dönemleri arasında bulundu
(p<0.001). Hiçbir çenede, hiçbir parametre için T2-T3 dönemleri arasında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>0.05).

Sonuç: Termoplastik
apareylerin çekimsiz sabit ortodontik tedavinin pekiştirme dönemi sonunda
transversal yöndeki tedavi sonuçlarını koruduğu bulundu.
Owners and CEOs of Startups: Evidence from Russia
Authors: Guseva Olga , Stepanova Anastasia
Published: May 2019

In this paper, the authors focus on two primary governance mechanisms which can be considered as sources of support for startup companies: the company’s ownership contingent and the company’s management personnel. Based ondescriptive statistics from a sample of 416 Skolkovo start-ups from the ‘Nuclear’ and ‘Space’ clusters, and a Start-up-Barometer survey of 300 IT-entrepreneurs, this work provides new insights into ownership and management characteristicsof Russian startups and the interplay between these dynamics.The Russian venture market presents an interesting case of an emerging market with a number of successful startups ina challenging economic environment. The supply of venture capital for Russian startups is restricted by the presence ofsanctions and legal restrictions on the investments of financial institutions such as pension funds and banks. Therefore,similar to other developed and developing markets, the most significant source of investments for Russian startups isbootstrapping.In this paper we show that startups with different characteristics attract different kinds of investors, which is reflected inthe companies ownership structures. In particular, government development institutes are more interested in investingin nuclear-focused startups, while corporate investors tend to keep a higher level of control over startups compared toother investors. We also confirmed the presence of correlations between different types of owners: government development institutions, corporate investors, venture funds, and family members. Additionally, the size of equity share for alltypes of owners (except family members) was found to be negatively correlated with the CEO’s share in the ownershipstructure.Although the purpose of the article is descriptive, it motivates further research on the sources of support of startupgrowth, including relative importance of such sources and their effects on startup performance.
Bankruptcy Risk Assessment in Corporate Lending Based on Hybrid Neural Networks and Fuzzy Models
Authors: Gorbatkov Stanislav , Farkhieva Svetlana
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this article is the presentation of a novel and unconventional algorithm for bankruptcy risk management in banking technologies catered towards lending to legal entities (enterprises and companies). The challenges of assessing risk in this area primarily relate to the reduction of type I and type II errors when making decisions on the terms of lending (i.e. loan amounts and repayment parameters) on the ostensibly objective basis of a borrower’s creditworthiness assessment.

 

As such, it is necessary to use a unified procedure to select appropriate economic indicators for any bankruptcy model in order to reduce the high degree of uncertainty and noisiness of publicly available databases, and to take into consideration the specific character of knowledge-intensive, high-tech and “green” manufacturing. In order to approach this challenge, a mix of various methods is presented in this article, including credit scoring, neural simulation, a fuzzy model description, fuzzy inference rules, and a fuzzy Pospelov scale.

 

The research results are as follows: the authors have developed an unconventional algorithm for diagnosing corporate bankruptcy stages. This algorithm is based on the application of a system-wide law relating to decreases in integrated system entropy, contrasted with the sum of entropies of the relevant collated subsystems. This algorithm has been tested on a series of experimental observations of 30 agricultural enterprises in the Sterlitamak District of the Republic of Bashkortostan. We have thusly assessed the financial condition of borrowing companies, while controlling for the probability of a wide range of indicators.

 

Using this algorithm, the authors decided not to apply the rigorous requirements of the classical ‘least squares’ method used in regression analyses. A switch to a neural simulation approach in this algorithm necessitated an evaluation of the adequacy of the obtained model on the basis of a Bayesian approach. On the basis of this research, the authors propose that a regularisation of bankruptcy models has been achieved.
Влияние уровня оптимизма и уровня нарциссизма CEO на структуру капитала компании
Authors: Федорова Елена Анатольевна , Ледяева Светлана Владимировна , Федоров Федор Юрьевич , Демин Игорь Святославович , Денисова Татьяна Михайловна
Published: May 2019

Волны кризисов в эффективности функционирования сформировавшихся общепринятых в мире моделей корпоративного управления, которые наблюдаются в последнее время, являются одной из основных и естественных причин резкого роста интереса к вопросам корпоративного управления.

Несмотря на большое количество подобных исследований, универсальной теории объяснения методов финансирования компаний нет, что и определяет актуальность выбранной темы.

Научная новизна объясняется тем, что на российском рынке ранее не производилось исследование влияния нарциссизма и оптимизма CEO на структуру капитала компании.

Цель исследовать влияние корпоративного управления на структуру капитала.

Для достижения этой цели были сформулированы следующие задачи:

определить концептуальные основы корпоративного управления и его влияния на структуру капитала;

провести эмпирический анализ влияния корпоративного управления на структуру капитала российских компаний;

обобщить результаты эмпирического исследования влияния корпоративного управления на структуру капитала российских компаний.

Объектом исследования является финансовый рычаг крупнейших российских компаний в ряде отраслей российской экономики.

Предметом исследования является процесс формирования финансового рычага крупнейших российских компаний с влиянием аспекта корпоративного управления.

Теоретической основой исследования являются работы зарубежных и отечественных ученых, которые изучали вопросы о структуре капитала компаний. Методология использовала инструменты исследования, основанные на ряде научных методов: наблюдение, сравнение, абстракция, анализ и синтез, экономическое и математическое моделирование и другие. Практическая значимость исследования состоит в возможности использования его результатов при корпоративном управлении компаниями, а именно: использование модели оценки влияния внутренних и внешних факторов на структуру капитала организаций, позволяющей определить характер и степень влияния ряда факторов на коэффициент финансового рычага для оптимального выбора соотношения собственного и заемного частей капитала организаций; формировании топ-менеджмента; анализа финансовых показателей компании с целью повышения рыночной стоимости организаций.

 Эмпирическая база исследования состоит из 225 наблюдений, отобранных из 300 крупнейших компаний по капитализации в России за 2012-2016гг.   Частично подтвердились гипотезы о том, что чем выше уровень оптимизма и нарциссизма CEO, тем больше доля заемных средств в структуре капитала.
The Impact of Currency Risk on Firm’s Value in Emerging Countries
Authors: Kuchin Ilia , Elkina Mariia , Dranev Yury
Published: May 2019

This study is dedicated to estimating the impact of currency risk on the cost of equity in Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa. Our contribution to the literature is that we obtain further evidence on pricing of exchange rate risk in developing countries which for now is quite scarce. These motivates our research which is dedicated to BRICS capital markets with Chinese stock market excluded since it is heavily regulated. The aim of the research is to determine whether in emerging countries stock markets currency risk is a significant factor that influence cost of equity capital of a company.

Changes in the value of exchange rate can impact cash flows of a firm and their riskiness, hence, the value of the company. In our research we will discuss the influence of exchange rate movements on the value of the firm through their impact on the cost of equity. Specifically, we investigate whether companies that report substantial currency gains or losses have to pay a higher required return on equity. Furthermore, in this study we take an attempt to estimate currency risk premia for exposure to appreciation and depreciation of currency separately and identify possible differences.

For each country three models that extend Fama-French Three Factor Model by incorporating currency risk are estimated. We used equal-weighted portfolio approach to construction currency risk factors. They are estimated using information about the ratio of currency gains to sales or the magnitude of covariation between equity returns and exchange rate changes. In the second case appreciation and depreciation of domestic currency against US dollar is considered separately.

Results indicate that in Russia firms which report substantial currency losses pay a positive risk premium, while in Brazil, India and South Africa companies with significantly positive or negative currency gains pay a lower required return on equity than firms with almost zero currency gains. Finally, we are trying to explain estimation results using sectoral breakdown of product exports in each country of data sample.
Совершенствование инструментария оценки финансового потенциала отрасли электроэнергетики
Authors: Рыкова Инна Николаевна , Табуров Денис Юрьевич
Published: May 2019

Влияние внешних и внутренних факторов на экономику компаний приводит к изменению финансового потенциала отрасли электроэнергетики и недостаточно полной оценке активности компаний ее электроэнергетики для повышения эффективности управления ресурсами, что обусловило актуальность проведения данного исследования. В качестве объекта исследования выбран вид экономической деятельности, который относится к производству, передаче и перераспределению электроэнергии для измерения финансового потенциала и поиска резервов повышения вклада в экономический рост страны.

Цель исследования состоит в оценке финансового потенциала отрасли как источника роста экономики, а также возможностей прогнозирования развития экономики в электроэнергетике.

В статье рассмотрены источники финансирования инвестиций в основной капитал в отрасли электроэнергетики в Российской Федерации, определена динамика параметров, воздействующих на уровень финансового потенциала компаний отрасли электроэнергетики, проиллюстрирована динамика стоимости инвестиций в денежном эквиваленте в соотношении с оборотом энергетических компаний. На основе проведенного исследования авторами разработаны модель гибкого развития и финансирования компаний реального сектора экономики (на примере компаний электроэнергетики) и методические рекомендации по формированию конкурентного механизма финансирования компаний электроэнергетики.

Новизна предлагаемой модели заключается в расширении возможностей по инвестированию в отрасль электроэнергетики как на региональном, так и на федеральном уровне и направлена на повышение финансового потенциала компаний – инициаторов проекта. Проведенный анализ позволил выделить четыре типа инструментов финансирования, которые рекомендуется применять для совершенствования деятельности компаний реального сектора экономики: инструменты государственно-частного партнерства, инновационного развития, государственной экономической политики и фискальные инструменты.

Практическая значимость разработанных методических рекомендаций заключается в том, что их адаптация к компаниям реального сектора экономики позволит усовершенствовать стратегическое управление финансовым механизмом аккумулирования потоков доходов таких компаний в долгосрочной перспективе и выработать модель гибкого планирования бюджета и оценки ключевых рисков, возникающих на всех уровнях экономического развития.
Ethical considerations in the biomedical research: analysis of national biomedical research ethics guidelines in Iran
Authors: Mardani Amirhossein , Nakhoda Maryam , Noruzi Alireza , Shamsi Gooshki Ehsan
Published: May 2019

The national guidelines for biomedical research ethics are approved by the “National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research” at the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education as the regulatory body for biomedical research in the country. The focus of these guidelines should be on the ethical issues related to different stages of the research process, which would lead to increased research integrity and better supervision of research activities. The present study analyzed the contents of these national guidelines to clarify the ethical considerations connected to the five stages of a research process including 1) proposing, 2) approval, 3) operation, 4) documentation and 5) publishing. The findings showed that the assessed guidelines laid more emphasis on the ethical considerations related to the research operation stage rather than the proposal stage. In other words, activities such as identification of the research problem, formulation of hypotheses and questions, financial evaluation, data analysis and data interpretation did not receive adequate attention in these guidelines. Most of the guidelines presented subject categories such as the rights of participants and supervisory considerations in the “research operation stage”, ethical considerations in the “evaluation and approval procedure stage”, and editorial responsibilities in the “research review and publication stage”. In general, despite noticeable content for guiding researchers for ethical conduction of research the national guidelines are not adequately developed to cover comprehensive and sufficient ethical considerations regarding all the activities of research.
The protective effect of curcumin against aluminum chloride-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Cheraghi Ebrahim , Roshanaei Kambiz
Published: May 2019

Aluminum is recognized as a public health concern because of its potential toxic effects on human health. Therefore, the present experiment was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of curcumin (CUR) in reducing the hepatotoxicity induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in animals. In this experimental study, forty male rats were allocated to five groups (N = 8), viz. no treatment (control), solvent (DMSO or distilled water), CUR (10 mg/kg B.W.), AlCl3 (10 mg/kg B.W.), and CUR+AlCl3 (each with 10 mg/kg B.W.). Treatments were performed by intra-peritoneal injections for 28 days. On the final day, animals were sacrificed, and liver function markers in blood plasma, hepatic antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation index in liver homogenate were estimated. AlCl3 treatment resulted in a significant increase in plasma AST, ALT, ALP and LDH activities with decreased total protein compared to control. AlCl3 significantly reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels but increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the liver compared to control. AlCl3 also caused various histopathological changes in the livers of rats. Curcumin could normalize nearly all these parameters. CUR improved levels of changes in different parameters when was combined with AlCl3. It is concluded that CUR has beneficial effects being able to antagonize AlCl3 toxicity.
Management Education in teaching and learning a Foreign Language, in particular English language
Authors: Allegra Stefania
Published: May 2019

Brain is the most important part of the body in order to achieve goals. It’s important to have clear goals to clarify mind duty and tasks. It’s a difficult life to go on when you have many problems to face, but you can succeed if you make clear intention in what you do.

Everything is to face life and find coherence in what you are able to do. Try to make a strategy list to find the right way to give the right time to every point and activity in your life.

So you can find the explanation in neuroscience and quantum physic about all phenomena happen around you. Brain areas involve many processes as learning, memorization, in order to achieve better knowledge and skills in getting a foreign language. So brain working is related to neuropsychological research in order to explain process of learning a foreign language.

All brain processes are connected with the central nervous system mechanisms that make working all the cerebral mechanisms used.

A professional teacher knows how it works in mind process when he teaches a foreign language as English or. French or German or Russian etc
Quantitative Rice Postharvest Losses in the Albertine and Olweny Rice Hubs, Uganda
Authors: John Yawe , Alphonse Candia , Lawrence Obeti Grism
Published: May 2019

Since the introduction of rice in Uganda in 1904, insufficient information has been generated on quantitative rice postharvest losses. Such inadequate information has partly constrained decision making in developing the rice industry in Uganda. The objective of this study was, therefore, to generate quantitative postharvest losses in the remaining two major rice growing hubs of Albertine and Olweny. The AfricaRice postharvest loss assessment methodology was used during the two growing seasons of 2014 /15 and 2015/16. Data was collected at harvesting, threshing, drying and milling postharvest stages on 10 rice farms and nine rice mills in each hub. The swamp rice “K98” and “NERICA-4” both in Oryza Sativa group were used during the study in the Olweny and Albertine hubs respectively. The results indicated that total physical grain losses at aforementioned stages in Albertine and Olweny hubs were 16.8 and 14.1%, respectively. This slight loss variation could be attributed to the different varieties and postharvest practices in these hubs. Losses at harvesting exhibited highest value 6.9 and 5.7% compared to threshing 4.7 and 4.8%; drying 1.8 and 1.4%; and milling 4.8 and 3.5% for Albertine and Olweny hubs respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) discerned in the losses between the hubs. Regardless of the rice hub, significant differences in loss levels (p<0.05) existed along the postharvest operations. These results show that harvesting, threshing and milling were the critical control points in the management of quantitative rice postharvest losses in Uganda.