bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced time-dependent reliability analysis based on adaptive sampling region with Kriging model
Authors: Shi Yan , Lu Zhenzhou , He Ruyang
Published: March 2020

Aiming at accurately and efficiently estimating the time-dependent failure probability, a novel time-dependent reliability analysis method based on active learning Kriging model is proposed. Although active surrogate model methods have been used to estimate the time-dependent failure probability, efficiently estimating the time-dependent failure probability by a fewer computational time remains an issue because screening all the candidate samples iteratively by the active surrogate model is time-consuming. This article is intended to address this issue by establishing an optimization strategy to search the new training samples for updating the surrogate model. The optimization strategy is performed in the adaptive sampling region which is first proposed. The adaptive sampling region is adjustable by the current surrogate model in order to provide a proper candidate samples region of the input variables. The proposed method employs the optimization strategy to select the optimal sample to be the new training sample point in each iteration, and it does not need to predict the values of all the candidate samples at every time instant in each iterative step. Several examples are introduced to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method for estimating the time-dependent failure probability by simultaneously considering the computational cost and precision.
Maintenance optimization of reconfigurable systems based on multi-objective Birnbaum importance
Authors: Ma Chenyang , Wang Wei , Cai Zhiqiang , Zhao Jiangbin
Published: March 2020

Reconfigurable systems can meet the changing requirements of system performance by several approaches, such as adjusting the system structure, improving the component performance, and reassigning components. However, it is also challengeable to find a cost-effective maintenance scheme by integrating these maintenance approaches. This article investigates the multi-objective maintenance optimization problem for reconfigurable systems with the consideration of maintenance cost and system reliability. First, the multi-objective maintenance optimization model is established to maximize the system reliability and minimize the total maintenance cost considering the constraints on budget and system performance. Second, a multi-objective Birnbaum importance is proposed to quantify the contribution of the individual component to the system reliability. The multi-objective Birnbaum importance–based non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II is developed to obtain the optimal maintenance scheme with the maximum system reliability and minimum maintenance cost. Finally, the performance of multi-objective Birnbaum importance–based non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II is proved by three numerical experiments. Experiment 1 verifies the advantage of multi-objective Birnbaum importance compared with Birnbaum importance to improve the system reliability in direct maintenance. Experiment 2 shows that the effectiveness of multi-objective Birnbaum importance is much better than that of the Birnbaum importance to enhance the performance of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II in comprehensive maintenance. Experiment 3 illustrates that the performance of multi-objective Birnbaum importance–based non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II is better than that of other multi-objective algorithms combining with multi-objective Birnbaum importance.
Biologic therapy and spinal radiographic progression in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: A structured literature review
Authors: Baraliakos Xenofon , Gensler Lianne S. , D’Angelo Salvatore , Iannone Florenzo , Favalli Ennio G. , de Peyrecave Natasha , Auteri Simone E. , Caporali Roberto
Published: March 2020

We aimed to perform a structured literature review of spinal radiographic progression, as assessed by the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS), in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) treated with biologic therapy. Searches were limited to English language manuscripts published in the 11 years prior to 9 July 2019. Randomized controlled trials, open-label extensions (OLEs) and observational studies reporting mSASSS progression in patients with AS or nr-axSpA treated with biologics were eligible for inclusion. Bias was assessed using the methodological index for nonrandomized studies (MINORS) tool. Among the 322 studies identified in the literature search, 23 (11 OLEs and 12 cohort studies) met the eligibility criteria and were selected for inclusion. Most studies reported mSASSS progression in patients with AS receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) treatment. One study reported mSASSS progression in patients with AS treated with secukinumab, an interleukin-17A inhibitor. The mean (range) MINORS score was 11.3 (7–15) for the 15 noncomparative studies and 15 (12–22) for the 8 comparative studies. Although results of the individual studies were variable, mSASSS progression in patients with AS was generally minimal and slow with long-term TNFi therapy. Moreover, odds ratios for the likelihood of mSASSS progression with/without TNFi favoured TNFi therapy in several of the cohort studies. The rate of mSASSS progression following continuous secukinumab treatment was low and remained stable over 4 years. Of two studies reporting progression in patients with nr-axSpA treated with TNFis, one showed no mSASSS progression; however, the lack of control limited comparative conclusions.
Innovation in regulated electricity networks: Incentivising tasks with highly uncertain outcomes
Authors: Poudineh Rahmatallah , Peng Donna , Mirnezami Seyed Reza
Published: March 2020

Traditional regulatory models of natural monopoly network utilities are designed to incentivise cost-efficiency, subject to the firm achieving a certain level of reliability. With the rise of decarbonisation as a key policy goal, facilitating innovation in electricity networks has become of vital importance. Innovation and cost-efficiency may overlap and exhibit the same risk profile. However, we show that when there is a difference in their risk profile, incentivising these two tasks using the same incentive scheme is ineffective. This means incentive regulations need to be enhanced with additional modules that take into account the level of risk to which companies are exposed to for their stage of innovation activity. We also demonstrate that the issue of risk can distort the outcome of a competitive scheme for allocating innovation funds when bidders are heterogeneous in their risk attitude and there is uncertainty about recovering initial investments needed to prepare the project proposal. Thus, competitive schemes need to be designed such that they factor in risk attitude heterogeneity among bidders.
Use of Ultrasonically Interdigitated Anchors in Haglund’s Deformity Correction Surgery
Authors: Warren Brittney , Black Natalie , Linscheid Laura , Panchbhavi Vinod , Janney Cory
Published: March 2020

Haglund’s deformity is a common cause of foot pain, with high success rates of surgical intervention. Because early weightbearing rehabilitation correlates with better surgical results, the integrity of anchors employed in these surgeries needs to be evaluated for proper fixation strength, leading to improved postoperative outcomes. The ultrasonically interdigitated anchor is a biodegradable suture anchor that is melted into bony trabeculae using ultrasound, leaving a small biological footprint and less interference on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans, without loss of fixation strength. We performed a review of 44 patients aged 26 to 84 years treated with either ultrasonically interdigitated anchors or fully threaded titanium anchors during Haglund’s deformity excision. Overall, 7 of 14 patients who received an ultrasonically interdigitated anchor reported raw PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) scores averaging 14.3, with an average return to ambulation time of 4.2 weeks. Fifteen of 30 patients receiving a fully threaded titanium anchor reported raw PROMIS scores averaging 9.7, with an average return to ambulation time of 3.5 weeks. We found little difference between the outcomes between the 2 anchors and no massive failures or infections in either group, implying that ultrasonically interdigitated anchors are a viable option for Achilles tendon reattachment during Haglund’s deformity repair surgery.

Levels of Evidence: Level III: Case control study
Targeting with nanoparticles for the therapeutic treatment of brain diseases
Authors: Jin Guang-Zhen , Chakraborty Atanu , Lee Jung-Hwan , Knowles Jonathan C , Kim Hae-Won
Published: March 2020

Brain diseases including neurodegenerative disorders and tumours are among the most serious health problems, degrading the quality of life and causing massive economic cost. Nanoparticles that load and deliver drugs and genes have been intensively studied for the treatment of brain diseases, and have demonstrated some biological effects in various animal models. Among other efforts taken in the nanoparticle development, targeting of blood brain barrier, specific cell type or local intra-/extra-cellular space is an important strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the nanoparticle delivery systems. This review underlies the targeting issue in the nanoparticle development for the treatment of brain diseases, taking key exemplar studies carried out in various in vivo models.
Tests of Revisions to the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire
Authors: Gigliotti Eileen , Samuels William Ellery
Published: March 2020

Objectives:

To compare the accuracy of averaged scores from the original Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (NSSQ)and averaged scores from each of three new NSSQ versions (NSSQ-R.aid, NSSQ-R.n/a, and NSSQ-R.format). These three new versions of the widely used NSSQ were developed to address three previously identified concerns regarding score accuracy: the Aid subscale’s examples of aid, lack of an n/a response option, and the network nomination/rating procedure. Missing data rates were also assessed.

Methods:

A convenience sample ( N = 223) completed one of the four NSSQ versions. Score accuracy (restriction) was assessed by size of correlation between averaged scores (averaged score/network size) and network size, with low correlations indicating less score restriction and higher score accuracy. Fisher’s r-to- z transformations assessed the significance of the difference between all correlations from the three versions. Missing data rates were assessed using chi-square tests of independence.

Results:

The cumulative effects of removing the aid examples and use of the n/a response option improved score accuracy; averaged Aid scores from the NSSQ-R.n/a were statistically significantly less restricted than corresponding scores on the original NSSQ. The final version (NSSQ-R.format) actually resulted in statistically significant decreased score accuracy for averaged Affect scores. There were no statistically significant differences in missing data rates among versions.

Conclusion:

Averaged scores from the NSSQ-R.n/a should be used. Future research should focus on the use of situation-specific Aid items.
Parental resources and child well-being in East Asia: An overview
Authors: Raymo James M , Dong Hao
Published: March 2020

The papers in this special issue use newly available panel data and data from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) to examine linkages between parental resources and children’s outcomes in China, Japan, and Korea. Specific foci of the papers include regional differences, non-monetary resources, shadow education, gender differences, and the proximity of grandparents. Results demonstrate that, as in western societies, parental education and income are positively associated with child well-being and development in East Asia, but distinctive contextual features contribute to variation in these relationships. It is also clear from the findings that relationships between parental resources and child outcomes are more complicated than suggested by simple emphases on economic inequality and the relative success of children from rich and poor families. Together, these papers contribute a much needed geographic extension to the large cross-national literature on parental resources and children’s well-being. The findings provide a valuable empirical basis for assessing the role of context and understanding similarities and differences within East Asia and between the East and West.
Voter Perceptions of President Donald Trump’s Personality Disorder Traits: Implications of Political Affiliation
Authors: Fiala Jacob A. , Mansour Salwa A. , Matlock Shannon E. , Coolidge Frederick L.
Published: March 2020

The short form of the Coolidge Axis II Inventory (SCATI) was used to measure traits associated with 14 personality disorders (according to essential Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria) in Donald Trump shortly after the fall 2016 election. Liberal or conservative participants ( N = 219, mean age = 38.20 years, range = 18–79 years) were randomly assigned to view a positive or negative compilation of official campaign videos depicting Trump and then completed the SCATI. The general hypothesis was supported: Respondents’ political affiliation related with personality perceptions (although campaign video compilations did not). Despite differences in magnitude, the relative strength of the traits associated with the disorders was highly similar between conservatives and liberals (intraclass correlation coefficient = .76, p < .001). On the basis of overall rankings (independent of respondent’s party affiliation), Trump’s personality was collectively perceived to be at or above the 99th normative percentile for traits associated with four personality disorders (sadistic, narcissistic, antisocial, and passive-aggressive).
Microarray analysis of cumulus cells in women with ovarian endometriosis undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Authors: Karaer Abdullah , Tuncay Gorkem , Dogan Berat , Tecellioglu Nihan , Cigremis Yilmaz
Published: March 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study was to find the significantly altered genes in cumulus cells of women with ovarian endometriosis by using microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis.

Methods:

Thirty women with ovarian endometriosis and 30 age–body mass index matched controls (women with infertility as a result of pure male factor) were enrolled in this study. Cumulus cells from study participants who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation were isolated mechanically. Microarray comparative genomic hybridization was used to compare the transcriptome of cumulus cells from women with ovarian endometriosis and controls. According to the different expression levels in the microarrays and their putative functions, KRAS, ZNF322, and SDHA were selected and analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

There was no significant difference in the basal conditions between patients with endometriosis and controls, such as age, body mass index, basal follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol levels, and total gonadotrophin dosage. The gene expression profile of cumulus cells from patients with endometriosis was significantly different from that of controls. A total of 295 genes were significantly up- or down-regulated (p-value < 0.05 and absolute fold change > 1.5). For all of the genes adjusted p-value was found to be 0.999. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that KRAS and ZNF322 mRNA levels in the cumulus cells of patients with ovarian endometriosis were significantly up-regulated compared to controls (fold changes: 3.05 and 3.22, respectively).

Conclusion:

KRAS and ZNF322 mRNA levels in the cumulus cells of patients with ovarian endometriosis were significantly up-regulated.
Supervisor Phubbing Phenomenon in Organizations: Determinants and Impacts
Authors: Yasin Raja Mehtab , Bashir Sajid , Abeele Mariek Vanden , Bartels Jos
Published: March 2020

Supervisor phubbing occurs when supervisors use their mobile phone during an interaction with a subordinate. This study explores the effects of supervisor phubbing on employees’ organization-based self-esteem with a specific focus on subordinates’ experience of social exclusion. Drawing on data from a sample of 407 respondents, the study findings show no direct relationship between perceived supervisor phubbing and organization-based self-esteem. However, employees who perceive their supervisor as using a phone more frequently during interpersonal interactions with them reported higher feelings of social exclusion during these interactions, which, in turn, predicted lower organization-based self-esteem. The study also examined the facilitating effect of power distance between supervisors and employees, which was partially supported. The implications of these findings for organizational policy are discussed.
Experimental Evidence on the Effects (or Lack Thereof) of Informational Framing During the College Transition
Authors: Kramer Jenna W.
Published: March 2020

Technology-facilitated interventions following high school graduation have shown promise for increasing the likelihood of college matriculation, but we know little about how to fine-tune these tools. I conducted an experiment in which college-intending Tennessee high school graduates received informational messages in distinct behavioral frames: business-as-usual, in which they received the same messages as the prior cohort; loss aversion, which emphasized what students would lose if they did not act; reduction of ambiguity, which provided details on necessary actions and anticipated completion times; and peer support, which encouraged students to work with friends on enrollment tasks. There was no main effect of the treatment frames. Heterogeneity analyses suggest that, at certain eligibility checkpoints, a loss aversion frame may negatively affect men and the peer support frame may negatively affect first-generation and Black participants. I situate the findings in the literature and recommend future directions for research on informational intervention delivery.
Transitional environmentality  – Understanding uncertainty at the junctures of eco-logical production in Timor-Leste
Authors: Cullen Alexander
Published: March 2020

Environmentality has proven an enduring framework for interrogating issues around environmental behaviours and discourse as a means of subject governance and citizen-making. However, its application often insufficiently reflects the temporal nuances of environmental (eco) logics as transient, emergent and differentiated amongst ‘citizens’. This is particularly the case in post-conflict zones of transition where the fluidity, friction and fractural nature of socio-political relations between state and subject are often overlooked. By examining community experiences in the establishment of Timor-Leste’s first national park, this article highlights the inadequate attention directed towards addressing these concerns. It proposes ‘transitional’ environmentality as a novel framework that first, better reflects the ever-transient nature of environmental behaviour and regulation; and second, recognizes the prevalence for this in post-conflict landscapes. Transitional environmentality emphasizes the temporal fragility of environmental authority structures and its potential for renegotiation of resource management between the frictions of the state and the subjects it seeks to make.
The Emerging Role of Ten-Eleven Translocation 1 in Epigenetic Responses to Environmental Exposures
Authors: Zhu Tao , Brown Anthony P , Ji Hong
Published: March 2020

Mounting evidence from epidemiological studies and animal models has linked exposures to environmental factors to changes in epigenetic markers, especially in DNA methylation. These epigenetic changes may lead to dysregulation of molecular processes and functions and mediate the impact of environmental exposures in complex diseases. However, detailed molecular events that result in epigenetic changes following exposures remain unclear. Here, we review the emerging evidence supporting a critical role of ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) in mediating these processes. Targeting TET1 and its associated pathways may have therapeutic potential in alleviating negative impacts of environmental exposures, preventing and treating exposure-related diseases.
Comparative genomic analysis reveals high intra-serovar plasticity within Salmonella Napoli isolated in 2005–2017
Authors: Mastrorilli Eleonora , Petrin Sara , Orsini Massimiliano , Longo Alessandra , Cozza Debora , Luzzi Ida , Ricci Antonia , Barco Lisa , Losasso Carmen
Published: March 2020

Background

Salmonella enterica subsp. entericaserovar Napoli (S. Napoli) is among the top serovars causing human infections in Italy, although it is relatively uncommon in other European countries; it is mainly isolated from humans and the environment, but neither the reservoir nor its route of infection are clearly defined. This serovar is characterized by high genomic diversity, and molecular evidences revealed important similarities with typhoidal serovars.

Results

179 S. Napoli genomes as well as 239 genomes of typhoidal and non-typhoidal serovars were analyzed in a comparative genomic study. Phylogenetic analysis and draft genome characterization in terms of Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), plasmid replicons,SalmonellaPathogenicity Islands (SPIs), antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), phages, biocide and metal-tolerance genes confirm the high genetic variability ofS. Napoli, also revealing a within-serovar phylogenetic structure more complex than previously known. Our work also confirms genomic similarity ofS. Napoli to typhoidal serovars (S. Typhi andS. Paratyphi A), withS. Napoli samples clustering primarily according to ST, each being characterized by specific genomic traits. Moreover, two major subclades ofS. Napoli can be clearly identified, with ST-474 being biphyletic. All STs span among isolation sources and years of isolation, highlighting the challenge this serovar poses to define its epidemiology and evolution. Altogether,S. Napoli strains carry less SPIs and less ARGs than other non-typhoidal serovars and seldom acquire plasmids. However, we here report the second case of an extended-spectrum β–lactamases (ESBLs) producingS. Napoli strain and the first cases of multidrug resistant (MDR)S. Napoli strains, all isolated from humans.

Conclusions

Our results provide evidence of genomic plasticity ofS.Napoli, highlighting genomic similarity with typhoidal serovars and genomic features typical of non-typhoidal serovars, supporting the possibility of survival in different niches, both enteric and non-enteric. Presence of horizontally acquired ARGs and MDR profiles rises concerns regarding possible selective pressure exerted by human environment on this pathogen.
The diagonal branches and outcomes in patients with anterior ST- elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhang Shuning , Deng Xin , Yang Wenlong , Xia Liping , Yao Kang , Lu Hao , Ge Lei , Shen Li , Sun Aijun , Zou Yunzeng , Qian Juying , Ge Junbo
Published: March 2020

Background

The management of diagonal branch (D) occlusion is still controversary. The association between the flow loss of D and the prognosis remains unclear. We aim to detect the impact of D flow on cardiac function and clinical outcomes in patients with anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods

Patients with anterior STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at our clinic between October 2015 and October 2018were reviewed. Anterior STEMI due to left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion with or without loss of the main D flow (TIMI grade 0–1 or 2–3) was enrolled in the analysis. The short- and long-term incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs, a composite of all-cause death, target vessel revascularization and reinfarction) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were analyzed.

Results

A total of 392 patients (mean age of 63.9 years) with anterior STEMI treated with primary PCI was enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups, loss (TIMI grade 0–1, n = 69) and no loss (TIMI grade2–3, n = 323) of D flow, before primary PCI. Compared with the group without loss of D flow, the group with loss of D flow showed a lower LVEF post PCI (41.0% vs. 48.8%, p = 0.003). Meanwhile, loss of D flow resulted in the higher in-hospital, one-month, and 18-month incidence of MACEs, especially in all-cause mortality (all p < 0.05). Landmark analysis further indicated that the significant differences in 18-month outcomes between the two groups mainly resulted from the differences during the hospitalization. In addition, multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis found that D flow loss before primary PCI was independent factor predicting short- and long-term outcomes in patients with anterior STEMI.

Conclusion

Loss of the main D flow in anterior STEMI patients was independently associated with the higher in-hospital incidences of MACEs and all-cause death as well as the lower LVEF.
Acute peripheral pulmonary embolism attributed to autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: a case report
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Liang , Chen Fadong
Published: March 2020

Background

PE (pulmonary embolism) is a life-threatening complication rarely seen in the AIHA (autoimmune haemolytic anaemia) patients. Herein we reported a rare and serious AIHA-PE patient characterised by extensive peripheral pulmonary embolism on CTPA.

Case presentation

A 59-year-old woman presented to our ED (emergency department) complaining of acute chest pain and dyspnea. During her presentation in ED she experienced a sudden syncope and soon developed CA (cardiac arrest). Laboratory studies showed a increase of CK-MB,troponin T,myoglobin and D-dimer. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) showed no large central or segment pulmonary emboli but increased RV (right ventricle)size,enlarged main pulmonary artery and invisible peripheral pulmonary artery. She was diagnosed with acute PE and alteplase was delivered intravenously. After thrombolytic therapy she remained hypotension and developed worsening anaemia. Detailed examination for anaemia revealed AIHA. She was discharged in a stable condition after 5 weeks with methylprednisolone and warfarin. Hb, D-dimer and transthoracic echocardiography showed complete recovery at 3-months follow up.

Conclusion

PE attributed to AIHA is characterized by subsegment and distal pulmonary artery embolism which is easily neglected but always life-threatening. This case also highlights the PE as a secondary diagnosis should be evaluated comprehensively in order to identify the underlying pathogenesis.
Medication burden and inappropriate prescription risk among elderly with advanced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Roux-Marson Clarisse , Baranski Jean Baptiste , Fafin Coraline , Exterman Guillaume , Vigneau Cecile , Couchoud Cecile , Moranne Olivier , Investigators P. S. P. A.
Published: March 2020

Background

Elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently present comorbidities that put them at risk of polypharmacy and medication-related problems. This study aims to describe the overall medication profile of patients aged ≥75 years with advanced CKD from a multicenter French study and specifically the renally (RIMs) and potentially inappropriate-for-the-elderly medications (PIMs) that they take.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional analysis of medication profiles of individuals aged ≥75 years with eGFR < 20 ml/min/1.73 m2 followed by a nephrologist, who collected their active prescriptions at the study inclusion visit. Medication profiles were first analyzed according to route of administration, therapeutic classification. Second, patients were classified according to their risk of potential medication-related problems, based on whether the prescription was a RIM or a PIM. RIMs and PIMs have been defined according to renal appropriateness guidelines and to Beer’s criteria in the elderly. RIMs were subclassified by 4 types of category: (a) contraindication; (b) dose modification is recommended based on creatinine clearance (CrCl); (c) dose modification based on CrCl is not recommended but a maximum daily dose is mentioned, (d) no specific recommendations based on CrCl: “use with caution”, “avoid in severe impairment”, “careful monitoring of dose is required” “reduce the dose”.

Results

We collected 5196 individual medication prescriptions for 556 patients, for a median of 9 daily medications [7–11]. Antihypertensive agents, antithrombotics, and antianemics were the classes most frequently prescribed. Moreover, 77.0% of patients had at least 1 medication classified as a RIM. They accounted 31.3% of the drugs prescribed and 9.25% was contraindicated drugs. At least 1 PIM was taken by 57.6 and 45.5% of patients had at least one medication classified as RIM and PIM. The prescriptions most frequently requiring reassessment due to potential adverse effects were for proton pump inhibitors and allopurinol. The PIMs for which deprescription is especially important in this population are rilmenidine, long-term benzodiazepines, and anticholinergic drugs such as hydroxyzine.

Conclusion

We showed potential drug-related problems in elderly patients with advanced CKD. Healthcare providers must reassess each medication prescribed for this population, particularly the specific medications identified here.

Trial registration

NCT02910908.
Effectiveness of a village-based intervention for depression in community-dwelling older adults: a randomised feasibility study
Authors: Oh In Mok , Cho Maeng Je , Hahm Bong-Jin , Kim Byung-Soo , Sohn Jee Hoon , Suk Hye Won , Jung Bu Young , Kim Hye Jung , Kim Hyeon A. , Choi Ki Bok , You Da Hye , Lim Ah. Reum , Park In Ok , Ahn Jeung Hyuck , Lee Hee , Kim Yeon Hee , Kim Mi Ra , Park Jee Eun
Published: March 2020

Background

Although a focus on late-life depression may help preventing suicide in older adults, many older people, especially those living in rural areas, have relatively low accessibility to treatment. This study examined the feasibility and effectiveness of a village-based intervention for depression targeting older adults living in rural areas.

Methods

A community-based randomised pilot trial was performed in two small rural villages in South Korea. Two villages were randomly selected and assigned to the intervention or active control group; all older adults living in the two villages (n = 451) were included in the intervention program or received standard Community Mental Health Service (CMHS) care, and the effectiveness of the program was examined using representative samples from both groups (n = 160). The 12-week intervention included case management according to individual risk level and group-based activities. Healthy residents living in the intervention village who played major roles in monitoring at-risk older individuals were supervised by CMHS staff. The score on the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (SGDS-K) was the primary outcome, while social network, functional status, and global cognitive function were secondary outcomes. Linear mixed models including the factors of intervention group, time, and their interaction were used to examine group differences in changes in primary and secondary outcomes from baseline to follow up.

Results

Overall, there was no significant group × time interaction with respect to the SGDS-K score, but older individuals with more depressive symptoms at baseline (SGDS-K ≥ 6) tended to have a lower likelihood of progressing to severe depression at post-intervention. The social network was strengthened in the intervention group, and there was a significant group × time interaction (F[df1, df2], 5.29 [1, 153], p = 0.023).

Conclusion

This study examined a 12-week village-based intervention for late-life depression in which the CMHS helped village-dwellers deal with late-life depression in their communities. Although the intervention improved social interactions among older adults, it did not reduce depressive symptoms. Further studies including more rural villages and long-term follow up are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this prevention program.

Trial registration

NCT04013165 (date: 9 July 2019, retrospectively registered).
Variation of prevalence of malaria, parasite density and the multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infection throughout the year at three different health centers in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Authors: Mayengue Pembe Issamou , Kouhounina Batsimba Dezi , Niama Roch Fabien , Ibara Ottia Reyna , Malonga-Massanga Alida , Fila-Fila Grâce Petula Urielle , Ahombo Gabriel , Kobawila Simon Charles , Parra Henri Joseph
Published: March 2020

Background

In the Republic of Congo, hot temperature and seasons distortions observed may impact the development of malaria parasites. We investigate the variation of malaria cases, parasite density and the multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infection throughout the year in Brazzaville.

Methods

From May 2015 to May 2016, suspected patients with uncomplicated malaria were enrolled at the Hôpital de Mfilou, CSI « Maman Mboualé», and the Laboratoire National de Santé Publique. For each patient, thick blood was examined and parasite density was calculated. After DNA isolation, MSP1 and MSP2 genes were genotyped.

Results

A total of 416, 259 and 131 patients with suspected malaria were enrolled at the CSI «Maman Mboualé», Hôpital de Mfilou and the Laboratoire National de Santé Publique respectively. Proportion of malaria cases and geometric mean parasite density were higher at the CSI «Maman Mboualé» compared to over sites (P-value <0.001). However the multiplicity of infection was higher at the Hôpital de Mfilou (P-value <0.001).

At the Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, malaria cases and multiplicity of infection were not influenced by different seasons. However, variation of the mean parasite density was statistically significant (P-value <0.01).

Higher proportions of malaria cases were found at the end of main rainy season either the beginning of the main dry season at the Hôpital de Mfilou and the CSI «Maman Mboualé»; while, lowest proportions were observed in September and January and in September and March respectively. Higher mean parasite densities were found at the end of rainy seasons with persistence at the beginning of dry seasons. The lowest mean parasite densities were found during dry seasons, with persistence at the beginning of rainy seasons. Fluctuation of the multiplicity of infection throughout the year was observed without significance between seasons.

Conclusion

The current study suggests that malaria transmission is still variable between the north and south parts of Brazzaville. Seasonal fluctuations of malaria cases and mean parasite densities were observed with some extension to different seasons. Thus, both meteorological and entomological studies are needed to update the season’s periods as well as malaria transmission intensity in Brazzaville.
Animal sources for zoonotic transmission of psittacosis: a systematic review
Authors: Hogerwerf Lenny , Roof Inge , de Jong Marianne J. K. , Dijkstra Frederika , van der Hoek Wim
Published: March 2020

Background

Human psittacosis, caused byChlamydia (C.) psittaci, is likely underdiagnosed and underreported, since tests forC. psittaciare often not included in routine microbiological diagnostics. Source tracing traditionally focuses on psittacine pet birds, but recently other animal species have been gaining more attention as possible sources for human psittacosis. This review aims to provide an overview of all suspected animal sources of human psittacosis cases reported in the international literature. In addition, for each animal species the strength of evidence for zoonotic transmission was estimated.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted using four databases (Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and Proquest). Articles were included when there was mention of at least one human case of psittacosis and a possible animal source. Investigators independently extracted data from the included articles and estimated strength of evidence for zoonotic transmission, based on a self-developed scoring system taking into account number of human cases, epidemiological evidence and laboratory test results in human, animals, and the environment.

Results

Eighty articles were included, which provided information on 136 different situations of possible zoonotic transmission. The maximum score for zoonotic transmission was highest for turkeys, followed by ducks, owls, and the category ‘other poultry’. Articles reporting about zoonotic transmission from unspecified birds, psittaciformes and columbiformes provided a relatively low strength of evidence. A genotypical match between human and animal samples was reported twenty-eight times, including transmission from chickens, turkeys, guinea fowl, peafowl, pigeons, ducks, geese, songbirds, parrot-like birds and owls.

Conclusions

Strong evidence exists for zoonotic transmission from turkeys, chickens and ducks, in addition to the more traditionally reported parrot-like animal sources. Based on our scoring system, the evidence was generally stronger for poultry than for parrot-like birds. Psittaciformes should not be disregarded as an important source of human psittacosis, still clinicians and public health officials should include poultry and birds species other than parrots in medical history and source tracing.
Serum-to-urine renalase ratio and renalase fractional excretion in healthy adults and chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Serwin Natalia M. , Wiśniewska Magda , Cecerska-Heryć Elżbieta , Safranow Krzysztof , Skwirczyńska Edyta , Dołęgowska Barbara
Published: March 2020

Background

Renalase is a flavoprotein that plays a protective role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular diseases. The secretion and way of action of this protein are still discussed. The aim of our study was to estimate the balance between serum and urine renalase in healthy individuals and CKD patients, using two parameters: fractional excretion (FE) and serum-to-urine renalase ratio (StURR).

Methods

Our study involved 28 healthy volunteers and 62 patients with CKD in stages I to IV. The concentration of renalase in serum and urine was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (EIAab, Wuhan, China). We analyzed associations between renalase levels in urine and serum, and other parameters: sex, age, GFR, presence of hypertension, diabetes, and proteinuria, and determined the serum-to-urine renalase ratio and fractional excretion of renalase.

Results

Renalase and serum-to-urine ratio were significantly higher in CKD patients in comparison with the control group. Fractional excretion was lower in CKD patients but this difference did not reach the statistical significance (p = 0.092). Multivariate analysis performed in the CKD group showed, that from mentioned parameters, serum renalase was the only significant independent factor strongly positively associated with urinary renalase concentration.

Conclusions

The serum-to-urine ratio is significantly and about 6.5-fold higher in CKD patients, and the fractional excretion of renalase is 3-fold, but not significantly lower in CKD patients. Renalase levels in both serum and urine are not related to the glomerular filtration rate and not associated with blood pressure.
LncRNA SNHG5 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by regulating miR-1179/HMGB3 axis
Authors: Liu Dengtao , Wang Yanpeng , Zhao Yigang , Gu Xiao
Published: March 2020

Background

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be important regulators in pathogenesis of human cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, we mainly aimed to explore the mechanisms of LncRNA-SNHG5/ miR-1179/HMGB3 axis in NPC progression.

Methods

RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were employed to detect mRNA and protein expressions. CCK-8, Transwell and dual luciferase reporter assays were applied to investigate functions of LncRNA-SNHG5/miR-1179/HMGB3 axis.

Results

Upregulation of lncRNA-SNHG5 and downregulation of miR-1179 were identified in NPC, which were associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Functionally, upregulation of lncRNA-SNHG5 and downregulation of miR-1179 accelerated NPC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, lncRNA-SNHG5 acted as a molecular sponge of miR-1179 in NPC. Besides that, upregulation of HMGB3 was found in NPC, and knockdown of HMGB3 restrained NPC progression. Moreover, HMGB3, a target of miR-1179, regulated NPC progression by mediating LncRNA-SNHG5/miR-1179 axis.

Conclusion

LncRNA SNHG5 serves as a tumor promoter in NPC by sponging miR-1179 and upregulating HMGB3.
Efficacy and cultural appropriateness of psychosocial interventions for paediatric burn patients and caregivers: a systematic review
Authors: Williams H. M. , Hunter K. , Clapham K. , Ryder C. , Kimble R. , Griffin B.
Published: March 2020

Background

Paediatric burns are highly painful and traumatising injuries that are overrepresented among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Paediatric burn patients’ pain remains poorly managed by pharmacological interventions, leading to increased anxiety, distress, and trauma in patients and their caregivers. Non-pharmacological psychosocial interventions have been suggested as effective in reducing pain and psychological morbidities among paediatric burn patients and their caregivers; however, their degree of effectiveness and appropriateness for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is unclear.

Methods

A non-date restricted systematic review was conducted through four databases. Studies published in English assessing psychosocial interventions on paediatric burn patients’ physical pain along with theirs and/or their caregiver’s anxiety, distress, or trauma symptoms were identified and included in this review. Included studies were assessed for their ability to reduce one of the outcomes of interests and for their reflection of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ perspectives of health.

Results

Of the 3178 identified references, 17 were eligible. These include distraction based techniques (n = 8), hypnosis/familiar imagery (n = 2), therapeutic approaches (n = 4), and patient preparation/procedural control (n = 3). Distraction techniques incorporating procedural preparation reduced pain, while discharge preparation and increased ‘patient control’ reduced patient and caregiver anxiety; and internet based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy reduced short-term but not long-term post-traumatic stress symptoms. No interventions reflected Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ perspectives of health; and few targeted caregivers or focused on reducing their symptoms.

Conclusions

The development and assessment of psychosocial interventions to appropriately meet the needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander paediatric burn patients is required.
The application of lateral-rectus approach on toddlers’ unstable pelvic fractures
Authors: Liu Yuancheng , Zhan Xiaorui , Huang Fuming , Wen Xiangyuan , Chen Yuhui , Yang Cheng , Fan Shicai
Published: March 2020

Background

Pelvic fractures are rare in toddlers but are often associated with other injuries that make treatment difficult. Conservative treatment has been used with moderate success, but it is unclear if surgical correction could confer additional benefits and improve patient outcomes. The purpose of this study was to report authors’ experience using the lateral-rectus approach (LRA) for surgical correction of unstable pelvic fractures in two toddlers.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the cases of two toddlers with unstable pelvic fractures who underwent surgery through the LRA between April 2016 and October 2018. Patients’ characteristics, fracture type, mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score (ISS), operative time, intra-operative blood loss, and post-operative complications were assessed. Pelvic asymmetry, degree of deformity, Cole scoring criteria and modified Barthel Index (MBI) were used to evaluate radiographic and functional outcomes.

Results

Successful surgical treatment was performed using the LRA, external fixation, and sacroiliac screw fixation. Surgery duration was 180 min on average, with an average intra-operative bleeding of 250 ml. There were no iatrogenic nerve injuries or infections. Pelvic asymmetry a week after surgery was 0.5 cm on average and dropped to 0.3 cm on average at the end of the follow-up period. The deformity index of the pelvis dropped from an average of 0.035 a week after surgery to 0.02 at the end of the follow-up period. The mean MBI was 100 in the last follow-up, and Cole scoring criteria categorized both patients as being in excellent condition. All patients achieved radiological bone union without discrepancy in length of the lower limbs. Neither patient had loss of reduction nor evidence of low back pain during the mean follow-up period of 22 months.

Conclusions

Pelvic fracture in toddlers is rare, and surgical treatment requires careful consideration. The lateral-rectus approach was proven as a viable alternative for managing unstable pelvic fractures in toddlers, with minimal blood loss and risk of nerve injury. Furthermore, anterior external fixation and posterior sacroiliac screw fixation would be adequate for this population, with excellent final outcome.
Prevalence and risk factors of obstetric fistula: implementation of a need-based preventive action plan in a South-eastern rural community of India
Authors: Swain Dharitri , Parida Swayam Pragyan , Jena Saubhagya Kumar , Das Mahasweta , Das Hrushikesh
Published: March 2020

Background

The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of obstetric fistula in the rural area of the south eastern community of India and the training of community health workers for its prevention.

Methods

A population-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the south eastern rural community of India. A total of 3939 women were included in the study and Probability proportional to size sampling was used in the study. Frequency distribution and logistic regression were computed to analyse the data using STATA version 11.2.

Results

Out of 3939 participants interviewed, 23.7% women reported obstetric fistula symptoms whereas after clinical diagnosis and speculum examination the obstetric morbidity pattern was: Obstetric fistula 0.3%, stress urinary incontinence 20.0%, pelvic inflammatory diseases 1.2%, uterine prolapse 1.4% and urinary tract infection 3.8%. The awareness level of the rural women regarding the obstetric fistula was assessed by a structured knowledge questionnaire and found to be very poor, hence community based fistula training was implemented among community health workers as a health system based strategy for its prevention. Obstetric fistula found to be more prevalent among women of poor educational level, low socioeconomic status, less no of antenatal visits, delay in accessing the emergency obstetric care and prolonged labour (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

Finding of the study indicated that the prevalence and risk of developing obstetric fistula was associated with less number of antenatal visits, prolonged labour, delay in timely intervention, delay in accessing emergency obstetric care and more number of movements from home to the delivery place. Finally, our study suggests that emphasis needs to be placed on training of community health workers to facilitate early screening for identification and referral of women with obstetric fistula.