bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using general practice clinical information system data for research: the case in Australia
Authors: Youens David , Moorin Rachael , Harrison Amy , Varhol Richard , Robinson Suzanne , Brooks Caroline , Boyd James
Published: January 2020

General practice is often a patient’s first point of contact with the health system and the gateway to specialist services. In Australia different aspects of the health system are managed by the Commonwealth Government and individual state/territory governments. Although there is a long history of research using administrative data in Australia, this split in the management and funding of services has hindered whole-system research. Additionally, the administrative data typically available for research are often collected for reimbursement purposes and lack clinical information.
General practices collect a range of patient information including diagnoses, medications prescribed, results of pathology tests ordered and so on. Practices are increasingly using clinical information systems and data extraction tools to make use of this information. This paper describes approaches used on several research projects to access clinical, as opposed to administrative, general practice data which to date has seen little use as a resource for research.
This information was accessed in three ways. The first was by working directly with practices to access clinical and management data to support research. The second involved accessing general practice data through collaboration with Primary Health Networks, recently established in Australia to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of health services for patients. The third was via NPS MedicineWise’s MedicineInsight program, which collects data from consenting practices across Australia and makes these data available to researchers.
We describe each approach including data access requirements and the advantages and challenges of each method. All approaches provide the opportunity to better understand data previously unavailable for research in Australia. The challenge of linking general practice data to other sources, currently being explored for general practice data, is discussed.
Finally, we describe some general practice data collections used for research internationally and how these compare to collections available in Australia.
Keywords:
General practice; administrative data; big data, health information systems, medical records systems
PENGARUH APLIKASI BIOCHAR DAN PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN TERHADAP KETERSEDIAAN NPK TANAH PADA PERTANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sirait Rumse Fitriana , Sarno Sarno , Afrianti Nur Afni , Niswati Ainin
Published: January 2020

Jagung merupakan komoditas pangan kedua yang memiliki permintaan tinggi yang tidak diimbangi dengan produksi yang rendah. Kesuburan tanah yang rendah menyebabkan pengelolaan tanah yang tidak sesuai sehingga perlu dilakukan usaha untuk memperbaiki kesuburan tanah dengan penambahan biochar dan pemupukan N yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mempelajari pengaruh biochar terhadap ketersediaan NPK tanah terhadap tanaman jagung manis, mempelajari pengaruh pemupukan N terhadap ketersediaan NPK tanah terhadap tanaman jagung manis, dan mempelajari pengaruh interaksi antara biochar dan pemupukan N terhadap ketersediaan NPK tanah terhadap tanaman jagung manis. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Lahan Lapang Terpadu Unila, Bandar Lampung dari Januari sampai September 2017. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah dosis biochar  yaitu: 0 ; 2,5 dan 5 t ha-1. Faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk N yaitu 0 ; 45 ; 90 dan 135 kg N ha-1. Homogenitas ragam data diuji dengan Uji Bartlett dan aditivitas data diuji dengan Uji Tukey. Data diolah dengan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji BNJ pada taraf nyata 1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian biochar berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap ketersediaan hara N, P dan K dalam tanah, berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar C-organik tanah dan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH tanah, pemupukan N berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap ketersediaan hara N, P , K dan pH tanah dan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar C-organik tanah, selain itu terdapat interaksi sangat nyata antara pemberian biochar dan pemupukan N  terhadap ketersediaan hara N dan K, namun tidak berinteraksi nyata terhadap kadar P dalam tanah dan dosis optimum pemberian biochar adalah 2,5 t ha-1, sedangkan dosis pupuk N adalah 45 dan 90 kg N ha-1.
PENGARUH PUPUK FOSFAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI, DAN MUTU BENIH KEDELAI (GLYCINE MAX L. MERRILL) YANG DITANAM DI LAHAN SAWAH PADA MUSIM KEMARAU
Authors: Agustiansyah Agustiansyah , Ermawati Ermawati , Pramono Eko , Wibowo A T
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui dosis pupuk fosfat yang optimum untuk  tiga (3) varietas kedelai dalam pertumbuhan, produksi, dan mutu benih, (2) mengetahui interaksi antara peningkatan pupuk fosfat dan tiga varietas kedelai terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi, dan mutu benih yang ditanam pada lahan sawah Juli–September 2017.  Rancangan perlakuan disusun secara faktorial (3x5).  Faktor pertama adalah tiga varietas kedelai (Anjasmoro, Grobogan, Burangrang), faktor kedua adalah  lima taraf pemupukan SP-36 (0, 100, 150, 200, dan 250 kg/ha).  Pemisahan nilai tengah menggunakan teknik Uji Perbandingan Orthogonal.   Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa dosis SP-36 yang memberikan hasil maksimum Varietas Grobogan 193–200 kg/ha, Anjasmoro 182–189 kg/ha; dan Burangrang 159–164 kg/ha. Pertumbuhan, produksi dan mutu benih ketiga varietas berbeda. Varietas Grobogan lebih baik daripada varietas Anjasmoro dan Burangrang yang ditunjukkan oleh laju pengisian biji, dan bobot 100 butir. Varietas Anjasmoro lebih baik daripada Burangrang ditunjukkan daun trifoliat dan jumlah biji.  Pertumbuhan dan mutu benih ketiga varietas tidak berbeda pada variabel tingkat kehijauan daun, daya berkecambah, dan kecepatan berkecambah. Sementara itu pemupukan SP-36 optimum menghasilkan produksi dari Varietas Grobogan lebih baik daripada Varietas Anjasmoro dan Burangrang ditunjukkan pada bobot biji pertanaman dan hasil benih.  Varietas Anjasmoro lebih baik daripada Burangrang dalam meningkatkan bobot kering berangkasan, luas daun, jumlah polong, dan jumlah biji.
Emphysematous Cystitis Responsible for a Bladder Perforation
Authors: Rachid Moussaab , Graiouid El Mahdi , Dakir Mohammed , Debbagh Adil , Aboutaieb Rachid
Published: January 2020

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare form of lower urinary tract infection characterized by the presence of gas in the lumen and / or bladder wall. We report a case of a 64 year old patient hospitalized for an acute abdominal table. The diagnosis of emphysematous cystitis complicated by bladder perforation was made after performing an abdominal scan. Medico-surgical treatment has been initiated.
Total Physical Response (TPR) Method in Improving English Vocabulary Acquisition of 5-6 Years Old Children
Authors: Mariyam Siti Nurfalah , Musfiroh Tadkiroatun
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, English has become one of the subjects that must be mastered. Thus, English learning should be done from an early age. This research aimed to describe how Total Physical Response (TPR) method can improve English vocabulary achievement in 5-6 years old children. TPR is the language learning approach which stimulates the children in acquiring their mother language which implemented in teaching foreign languages. The samples of this research were 5-6 years students of TK (Kindergarten) An-Nisa, Rokan Hilir, Riau Province, Indonesia with the total samples 15 students. This research used qualitative research. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, analyzing the scores of English vocabularies. The results showed that noun categories had the highest percentage in vocabulary acquisition (97.78 %), then followed by verbs (86.67 %) and adjectives (62.22 %). Meanwhile, the percentages of vocabularies that used by children were verbs (24.44 %), nouns (11.11 %), while the children were still not capable in using adjectives (0 %). The results of this research is expected to contribute to the development of  English learning for young learners.
Implementation of Multicultural and Moderate Islamic Education at the Elementary Schools in Shaping the Nationalism
Authors: Subandi Subandi , Fauzan Ahmad , Afriyadi Muhammad Muchsin , Ramli Mispani
Published: January 2020

Islamic multicultural education in formal education can be implemented since elementary school. The purpose of this article is to describe the application of multicultural education with moderate Islamic values through the learning process in elementary schools to shape the character of nationalism in Indonesia. The qualitative method was used in this study to see the phenomena that occur in the field. The data analysis used was the source and technique triangulation method. There were 8 respondents from three elementary schools, namely Sekolah Dasar Negeri 7 Kota Metro, Sekolah Dasar Negeri 4 Kota Metro, and Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 1 Kota Metro. The research instruments used were interviews, observations, and documentation, which were then analyzed through inductive thinking. The development of multicultural education and moderate Islamic values in shaping the character of nationalism was done through the integration of moderate Islam by instilling tawassuth, tassamuh, tawazun, and amar ma'ruf nahimunkar attitudes by introducing the surrounding environment as a cultural plurality (contextual approach) and instilling an attitude of tolerance and able to coexist with other people. These three steps were developed by the teachers in structured lesson planning by formulating goals, setting essential material, carrying out the learning process, and carrying out attitude assessments.
Developing CAD-Based Learning Module on Manufacturing Engineering Drawing
Authors: Nendra Fadly , Syahril Syahril , Abdullah Rijal , Jamilah Yumn , Netriwati Netriwati , Aini Nur Rohmatul
Published: January 2020

This research aims to develop a learning module on Manufacturing Engineering Drawings that are interesting and appropriate for use in learning, to learn the practicality of module in the learning process, and to find out the learning module in improving student learning outcomes. The design of research and development used as a 4D (Define, Design, Develop, and Dissemination) development model. The results obtained from the study of this development as follows: (1) to generate a Computer-Aided Design (CAD)-based learning module, (2) the validity of the module was declared valid by media experts (0.89), subject matter experts (0.88), and linguists (0.85), (3) based on the response of teachers, the module was very practical (90.64 %) and based on student’s responses, the module was declared as very practical (84.65 %), (4) the module was declared effective and can improve learning outcomes of students. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the developed learning module is valid, practical, and effective to be used as a learning module in Manufacturing Engineering Drawing.
Hljóðþróun íslenskra barna á aldrinum tveggja til átta ára
Authors: Másdóttir Þóra
Published: January 2020

Rannsóknir á hljóðþróun íslenskumælandi barna eru á fremur þröngu aldursbili eða komnar til ára sinna. Nauðsynlegt er að afla viðmiða m.a. til að skera úr um hvort börn fylgi aldursbundnum framburðarþroska eða hvort þau séu með frávik í framburði málhljóða. Upplýsingar um hljóðþróun geta auk þess gagnast í rannsóknum og vinnu í tengslum við hljóðvitund, hljóðkerfisvitund og lestrartileinkun. Markmið þessarar rannsóknar var að skoða hljóðþróun á breiðu aldursbili og kanna á hvaða aldri börn tileinka sér samhljóð og samhljóðaklasa, m.a. til að afla viðmiða um dæmigerðan framburðarþroska. Þátttakendur voru 437 börn á aldrinum 2;6-7;11 ára. Gögnum var safnað með því að leggja fyrir Málhljóðapróf ÞM. Helstu niðurstöður voru þær að stígandi er í málhljóðatileinkun barna en þó gætir rjáfuráhrifa fyrir fjögurra ára aldurinn, þ.e. börn hafa náð 90% allra stakra samhljóða strax á aldursbilinu 3;6-3;11 ára. Samhljóðaklasar eru seinna á ferðinni og var 90% markinu ekki náð fyrr en börnin voru á sjöunda ári. Börn tileinka sér fyrst /m/, /n/, /b/, /d/, /l/ og /h/ en þau hljóð sem birtast einna síðast í máli barna eru /r/, /s/, /þ/, [?] og [n?]. Þegar samhljóðin eru flokkuð eftir myndunarhætti ná börn fyrst tökum á nefhljóðum (ef frá er talið [n?] í framstöðu orða) en lokhljóð og hliðarhljóð fylgja fast á eftir. Börn eru lengur að tileinka sér önghljóð og sveifluhljóð. Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar sýna glögglega hvernig greina má milli barna með dæmigerða hljóðþróun og jafnaldra sem þurfa á talþjálfun að halda. Jafnframt leggja þær grunn að frekari athugunum á tengslum málhljóðamyndunar og lestrartengdra þátta eins og að tengja málhljóð við bókstaf.
Kulnun kennara og starfsaðstæður: Þróun og samanburður við aðra opinbera sérfræðinga
Authors: Einarsdóttir Sif , Erlingsdóttir Regína Bergdís , Björnsdóttir Amalía , Snorradóttir Ásta
Published: January 2020

Frá efnahagshruninu 2008 hefur niðurskurður fjármagns leitt til þess meðal annars að minna svigrúm hefur gefist til að takast á við brýn úrlausnarefni í skólastarfi. Vísbendingar eru um að líðan kennara hafi versnað frá árinu 2008 og því er mikilvægt að kanna hvort breytingar hafi orðið á einkennum kulnunar frá fyrri rannsóknum meðal grunnskólakennara á árunum 1999 og 2005. Sami spurningalisti og notaður var í fyrri rannsóknum, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-ES) var lagður fyrir 515 grunnskólakennara í Reykjavík. Konur voru 85%, karlar 15% og svarhlutfallið var 38%. Einnig voru lagðir fyrir listar sem meta annars vegar örmögnunarröskun (The Karolinska Emotional Exhaustion Scale – KEDS) og hins vegar starfsaðstæður (Job Demands-Resource Scale – JDRS). Í ljós kom að einkenni kulnunar meðal grunnskólakennara hafa aukist frá því fyrir hrun, einkum tilfinningaþrot, en grunnskólakennarar meta starfsárangur enn nokkuð mikinn og finna varla til hlutgervingar gagnvart nemendum. Um 42% grunnskólakennara mæta greiningarviðmiðum fyrir örmögnunarröskun samanborið við 31–38% félagsmanna BHM. Hvað starfsaðstæður varðar meta grunnskólakennarar álag mikið en telja sig hafa tækifæri til að vaxa í starfi og fá stuðning frá stofnun, t.d. stjórnendum. Grunnskólakennarar finna til starfsöryggis en þeir hafa ekki mikla möguleika á framgangi í starfi. Álag reyndist hafa sterkust tengsl við kjarnaeinkenni kulnunar, tilfinningaþrot, í líkani Maslach og einnig örmögnunarröskun. Möguleikar til vaxtar í starfi og stuðningur stofnunar virðast hafa verndandi áhrif. Niðurstöður sýna að kulnun hefur aukist og mikilvægt er að huga að starfsaðstæðum grunnskólakennara, sérstaklega of miklu álagi. Ástæður þessa mikla álags geta verið margvíslegar en hugsanlega má rekja þær til hegðunarvanda í nemendahópi, skorts á viðeigandi úrræðum í málefnum nemenda sem veita þarf sérstakan stuðning, aukins foreldrasamstarfs og almenns virðingarleysis gagnvart kennarastarfinu í samfélaginu.
Forysta sem samstarfsverkefni: Áhersla skólastjóra á valddreifingu og samstarf
Authors: Hansen Börkur , Lárusdóttir Steinunn Helga
Published: January 2020

Í nútímakenningum um skólastjórnun er kastljósinu jafnan beint að sýn skólastjóra á hlutverk sitt og tengsl við samstarfsfólk. Þá er átt við að skólastjórar og kennarar starfi saman að því að þróa skólastarf og kennsluhætti. Markmiðið með slíkum starfsháttum er að stuðla að auknum gæðum í skólastarfi. Í þessari grein er athyglinni beint að þeim afbrigðum samstarfsforystu sem fengið hafa mikið rými í fræðilegri umræðu á 21. öldinni, þ.e. dreifðri forystu (e. distributed leadership) og kennaraforystu (e. teacher leadership). Gögnum var safnað með spurningakönnun sem send var til allra skólastjóra vorið 2017 og var svarhlutfallið 69%. Í niðurstöðum er dregin upp mynd af aðstæðum í skólunum og greint frá hversu miklum tíma skólastjórar telja sig verja til samstarfs við millistjórnendur, kennara og annað starfsfólk, hversu mikla áherslu þeir leggja á þátttöku millistjórnenda og kennara í ákvörðunum og virkja þá til forystu um þróun kennsluhátta. Í umræðunum um niðurstöðurnar er bent á mikilvægi þess að skólastjórar horfi gagnrýnið á hvert markmiðið með virkjun millistjórnenda og kennara er, þ.e. hvort það sé einkum til að létta vinnuálagi af skólastjórum eða til að dreifa forystu um þróun náms og kennslu. Þá þarf að greina hvort launamál, vinnuálag eða aðrir starfstengdir þættir valdi því að meirihluta skólastjóra veitist erfitt að virkja kennara til kennslufræðilegrar forystu í þágu skólastarfsins alls.
Mat á stöðu faglegs lærdómssamfélags í grunnskóla: Þróun mælitækis
Authors: Gísladóttir Berglind , Pálsdóttir Auður , Sigurðardóttir Anna Kristín , Svanbjörnsdóttir Birna María
Published: January 2020

Markmið þessarar rannsóknar er tvíþætt. Annars vegar að draga fram þá þætti sem einkenna lærdómssamfélag í íslenskum grunnskólum og hins vegar að þróa mælitæki sem gefur upplýsingar um stöðu lærdómssamfélags innan hvers skóla. Tilgangur slíks mælitækis er að fá yfirlit um stöðuna í hverjum skóla og gögn um helstu styrkleika og áskoranir sem þróun lærdómssamfélags innan skólans stendur frammi fyrir. Slíkar niðurstöður má nota af starfsfólki skólans til að rýna í eigið starf en einnig til að sníða ráðgjöf og leiðsögn að þörfum á hverjum stað eða ákveða hvert megi beina starfsþróun starfsfólks skólans. Mælitækið er spurningalisti með staðhæfingum sem mótaður var á grunni annarra spurningalista sem höfðu verið notaðir hér á landi og hann þróaður áfram. Forprófun fór fram meðal kennara og stjórnenda í 13 skólum og eftir gagngera endurskoðun var listinn lagður fyrir í 14 skólum til viðbótar.Niðurstöður leiddu í ljós sex vel afmarkaða þætti sem eru að mestu leyti í samræmi við fyrri rannsóknir á einkennum lærdómssamfélags í skólum. Þættirnir eru (I) sameiginleg sýn og gildi, (II) gagnrýnin ígrundun eigin kennslu, (III) faglegur stuðningur við þróun kennsluhátta, (IV) dreifð og styðjandi forysta, (V) félagslegt andrúmsloft styður samstarf og (VI) starfsánægja. Næstu skref eru að staðfesta (e. validate) listann með hliðsjón af þátttöku fleiri skóla og eigindlegum viðtölum um sýn þátttakenda á hvort niðurstöður þeirra skóla rími við upplifun þeirra og reynslu af starfinu í skólanum
Stuðningur við skólastjóra í grunnskólum: staða og væntingar
Authors: Róbertsdóttir Sigurbjörg , Björnsdóttir Amalía , Hansen Börkur
Published: January 2020

Starfsumhverfi skólastjóra hefur breyst mjög mikið á undanförnum árum, orðið flóknara og starfið viðameira. Með breyttu starfsumhverfi og auknu álagi er stuðningur í starfi þýðingarmikill. Markmið þessarar rannsóknar var að kanna viðhorf skólastjóra í grunnskólum til stuðnings við þá í starfi og þörf þeirra á stuðningi. Gögnum í rannsókninni var safnað með spurningalista sem sendur var til allra skólastjóra, 174 alls, og var svarhlutfall 67%.Meginniðurstaða rannsóknarinnar var að skólastjórar voru óánægðir með þann stuðning sem var í boði við upphaf ferils þeirra, eingöngu 32% eru ánægðir með þann stuðning sem þeir fá nú í starfi og 47% þeirra nefndu að þörf fyrir stuðning væri fullnægt að mestu leyti. Flestir nefndu að þeir hefðu fengið mestan stuðning frá fjölskyldu eða vini við upphaf ferils síns og eru niðurstöður svipaðar við núverandi aðstæður. Skólastjórar voru sammála um að mikilvægt væri að njóta stuðnings í starfi en 95% sögðu það mjög eða frekar mikilvægt. Flestir töldu að fræðsluyfirvöld ættu að veita þeim mestan stuðning en einnig kom fram að skólastjórar teldu sig þurfa mestan stuðning við úrlausn erfiðra starfsmannamála og við stefnumótun. Svarhlutfall í rannsókninni var vel viðunandi og dreifing svara yfir landið nokkuð jöfn. Það má því álykta að þá mynd, sem dregin er upp hér, megi að öllum líkindum yfirfæra á skólastjóra í grunnskólum almennt. Af niðurstöðunum má álykta að margir skólastjórar kalli eftir víðtækari og markvissari stuðningi og þá aðallega frá fræðsluyfirvöldum.
Taktu til við að tvista: Námsleikir í skólastarf
Authors: Guðmundsdóttir Hildur Dröfn , Þorkelsdóttir Rannveig Björk
Published: January 2020

Meginmarkmið þessarar greinar er að fjalla um námsleiki, þ.e. kennslufræðilega leiki og frjálsan leik barna með fræðilegu yfirliti út frá kenningum Fro?bel, Dewey, Piaget og Vygotsky um frja?lsan leik og hvernig kenningar Gagne? um skilyrði fyrir námi og kenning Csikszentmihalyi um flæði tengjast kennslufræðilegum leik. Þá er Aðalnámskrá grunnskóla skoðuð út frá leiknum og skoðaður munurinn á kennslufræðilegum leik og frjálsum leik. Einnig er fjallað um þróun og tilgang námsspilsins Taktu til við að tvista. Það er námsspil sem tengir saman nám og leik og getur hentað vel til upprifjunar á námsefni og til að auka þekkingu nemenda. Spilið má nota í öllum námsgreinum og með öllum aldurshópum. Rannsóknarspurning sem þessari grein er ætlað að svara er eftirfarandi: Hvernig getur nám átt sér stað í gegnum regluleik? Markmiðið með spilinu er að ýta undir samskipti og samvinnu nemenda og að nemendur fái hreyfingu og útrás í kennslustundum. Einnig er markmiðið að auka færni nemenda í viðkomandi námsgrein og að þeir séu virkir þátttakendur í eigin námi. Niðursto?ðurnar benda til þess að þegar kennslufræðilegir leikir eru notaðir til þjálfunar og endurtekningar á ákveðnum námsþáttum má auðvelda nemendum að öðlast ákveðna færni í námsþættinum. Því má leiða líkum að því að nám eigi sér stað í gegnum leik og nemendur geti aukið við þekkingu sína og færni með þessari kennsluaðferð.
Using Fluridone Herbicide Systems for Weed Control in Texas Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)
Authors: Grichar James , Dotray Peter A. , McGinty Joshua
Published: January 2020

Studies were conducted during 2015 through 2018 in south-central, Coastal Bend, and Southern High Plains areas of Texas to evaluate fluridone herbicide systems for weed control and cotton response. Fluridone alone at 0.17 to 0.23 kg ai ha-1 followed by postemergence (POST) herbicides controlled Amaranthus Palmeri 82 to 100% season-long while Cucumis melo control ranged from 92 to 100%. Control of Urochloa Texana with fluridone alone ranged from 40 to 96% early-season while late-season control ranged from 37 to 96%. Fluridone plus fomesafen systems controlled A. Palmeri, C. Melo, and U. Texana at least 98% early season; however, late-season control of A. Palmeri was less than 70% while C. Melo control was 91% and U. Texana control was 80%. Adding a POST application of glyphosate to fluridone plus fomesafen improved control to at least 98% for all three weed species. Fluridone plus fluometuron combinations provided similar control to fluridone plus fomesafen. Adding glyphosate (POST) improved A. Palmeri control to at least 82% season-long. Cotton yields reflect the level of weed control with significantly better yields from fluridone systems compared with the weedy check. However, in the one year when the untreated was maintained weed-free, no differences in cotton yield were noted between the weed-free and any herbicide treatment.
Patricio Guzmán y la (est)ética del agua
Authors: Grillo Sabrina
Published: January 2020

La relación entre historia, política y memoria ha sido un elemento unificador en la obra del director chileno Patricio Guzmán. Con El botón de nácar (2015), el director se propone reflexionar sobre esta relación bajo el prisma del agua. Este elemento resulta ser el hilo conductor de dos relatos principales que Guzmán considera en una misma dinámica: los pueblos de Patagonia y su exterminación por un lado, y las víctimas de la dictadura de Pinochet por otro lado. Además de cumplir con una evidente función narrativa, veremos cómo el agua tiende a tener un alcance simbólico y se convierte en un vector de memoria. El artículo plantea una reflexión organizada en torno al protagonismo del agua para resaltar su ambivalencia a nivel nocional y formal en la concepción del documental. Se abordarán la noción de memoria que atravesó la obra de Guzmán, la historia de Chile, ambos relacionados gracias al agua que alcanza una simbología inédita.
O golpe de Estado (1964) no Brasil visto por um cinejornal soviético
Authors: Napolitano Marcos
Published: January 2020

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão histórica e teórica sobre a relação entre registros visuais e construção da memória de um evento político, analisando o caso específico do Golpe de Estado de 1964 no Brasil que derrubou o presidente de centro-esquerda João Goulart e se tornou um importante evento da Guerra Fria na América Latina. Este evento, que inaugurou 20 anos de ditadura militar no Brasil, foi registrado em imagens que se tornaram matrizes da memória social, nas quais predominam figurações da derrota e da ausência de resistência popular diante das tropas golpistas. A partir de uma sequência de um cinejornal exibido na União Soviética em 1964, entretanto, pudemos tomar contato com imagens raras de um protesto popular contra os golpistas, ocorrido no Rio de Janeiro. Estes registros nos ajudam a problematizar a memória construída e seus suportes visuais, sugerindo a possibilidade de uma outra história visual e política do Golpe de 1964.
Otros modos de escribir la historia del cine: la cinematografía mexicana según tres documentales de los últimos años
Authors: Flores Silvana
Published: January 2020

Este artículo se propone analizar tres largometrajes documentales mexicanos lanzados en los últimos años que tienen en común su interés por forjar, a través del formato audiovisual, una memoria sobre la historia del cine de aquel país, y en torno a ello, sobre las microhistorias doméstico-familiares que involucran personalmente a sus realizadores, restituyendo ciertos aspectos sobre ese tópico en particular que incluyen tanto la reivindicación de la cultura popular como la proyección de experiencias privadas sobre dicha construcción. Aquellos films, Perdida (Viviana García Besné, 2009), La historia negra del cine mexicano (Andrés García Franco, 2016) y Bellas de noche (María José Cuevas, 2016), se destacaron por relatar algunas particularidades históricas del cine en contraste con lo que se ha tendido a llamar cine de arte o cine de autor, y vienen a recomponer y actualizar, por fuera de la disciplina historiográfica tradicional, aquellos fenómenos cinematográficos menospreciados por sus rasgos populares o, en ciertos casos, por su carácter controversial.
El cortometraje latinoamericano moderno. Registro, dispositivo, documento y memoria
Authors: Cossalter Javier
Published: January 2020

El cortometraje, de acuerdo a sus potencialidades económicas y estructurales, tuvo un rol destacado en la transformación del campo cinematográfico latinoamericano durante las décadas del cincuenta y sesenta, tanto en la renovación estética como en el compromiso social. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar un corpus de cortos documentales argentinos, brasileños y mexicanos junto a sus condiciones de producción con el interés de efectuar una doble reflexión en torno a la dimensión política y patrimonial de este cine. En primer lugar, se focalizará en el perfil observacional de la cámara, el montaje, el testimonio y las voces como elementos expresivos tendientes a registrar una problemática social en el presente de gestación del film e intervenir en dicha realidad. En segundo lugar, y de forma complementaria, se colocará la atención en el carácter mnemónico del corpus y la construcción de un documento cultural para la posteridad, teniendo en cuenta no sólo la propia textualidad de los films sino también la conciencia patrimonial de las entidades de producción y difusión en cada país.
El cine bélico de la II Guerra Mundial: el caso de Dunkerque
Authors: Blanco Pérez Manuel
Published: January 2020

El cine bélico goza de cierto revival en nuestros años de crisis europea. Y muy especialmente el de la II Guerra Mundial en que, a menudo, se narra la historia de unos combatientes “buenos” (los aliados), frente a otros combatientes “malos” (nazis). Si bien ha habido ciertas aproximaciones a una mirada más psicológica e intimista del conflicto, como la ya clásica El hundimiento (Der Untergang, Eichinger, 2004), o las novedosas Cold War (Wojna, 2018) o El Capitán (Der Hauptmann, Schwentke, 2017), no es menos cierto que Dunkerque (Dinkirk, Christopher Nolan, 2017) presenta una serie de diferencias radicales con los films precedentes que, sin duda, contribuyen a redescubrir el conflicto con una mirada menos epidérmica que la tradicional: se trata de un gran producto blockbuster (angloamericano), el film prácticamente carece de diálogos (lo cual lo conecta con la fuerza narrativa fotográfica) y, además, posee un diseño de sonido sutil donde lo fundamental son los sonidos de la guerra (recursos diegéticos). Además, y como novedad en el género, el enemigo es invisible pues no tenemos la más mínima referencia de él.  Su narración, por último, posee muchas particularidades que tendremos ocasión de analizar.
Public Veterinary Medicine: Public Health Rabies virus variants identified in Nuevo Leon State, Mexico, from 2008 to 2015
Authors: Jaramillo-Reyna Efrén , Almazán-Marín Cenia , de la O-Cavazos Manuel E. , Valdéz-Leal Ramón , Bañuelos-Álvarez Alfonso H. , Zúñiga-Ramos Miguel A. , Melo-Munguía Martín , Gómez-Sierra Mauricio , Sandoval-Borja Albert , Chávez-López Susana , Díaz-Quiñonez José A. , Aréchiga-Ceballos Nidia
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

To identify rabies virus variants (RVVs) isolated from bats and terrestrial mammals in Nuevo Leon between 2008 and 2015 and Coahuila in 2006.

SAMPLE

RVVs isolated from 15 bats and terrestrial mammals in Nuevo Leon and from a cow (Bos taurus) in Coahuila, along with 46 reference rabies virus sequences.

PROCEDURES

Antigenic characterization of the 16 isolates was performed with an indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Genomic sequencing of the nucleoprotein gene in the 16 isolates was performed with a reverse transcription PCR assay. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the 62 sequences was performed by means of Bayesian inference.

RESULTS

9 isolates from bats and 1 isolate from a domestic cat that became infected as a result of contact with a Mexican free-tailed bat all clustered in the lineage associated with Lasiurus spp in the Americas or the lineage associated with Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana. An isolate from a domestic dog was identified as a variant associated with the dog-coyote lineage. The RVV isolated from a fox clustered in an Arizona fox lineage. The 3 RVVs from skunks (Mephitis macroura) were placed in a lineage with variants isolated from spotted skunks (Spilogale putorius). The RVV isolated from the cow was clustered in a lineage associated with foxes in Texas and separate from the lineage for the fox from Nuevo Leon.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results reinforced the need for Mexico to implement rabies surveillance and monitoring programs for bats and wild-living terrestrial carnivores.
Effects of three diet history questions on the amount of information gained from a sample of pet owners in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Coe Jason B. , O'Connor Rachel E. , MacMartin Clare , Verbrugghe Adronie , Janke Kristen A.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

To examine the effect of 3 diet history questions on the amount and type of diet-related information gathered from pet owners and to assess whether diet-related information obtained with each question in person differed from information obtained with a diet history survey.

SAMPLE

99 pet owners.

PROCEDURES

Participants' responses to 1 of 3 randomly selected diet history questions (“Tell me everything he [or she] eats throughout a day, starting first thing in the morning right through to the end of the day”; “What kind of food does she [or he] eat?”; or “What kind of foods does he [or she] eat?”) were recorded and coded for analysis. Participants completed a postinteraction diet history survey. Amount and type of diet-related information obtained were compared among responses to the 3 diet history questions and between the response to each question and the diet history survey.

RESULTS

The “Tell me…” question elicited a significantly higher total number of diet-related items (combined number of main diet, treat, human food, medication, and dietary supplement items) than did the “What kind of food…” or “What kind of foods…” questions. The diet history survey captured significantly more information than did the “What kind of food…” or “What kind of foods…” questions; there was little difference between results of the diet history survey and the “Tell me…” question, except that treats were more frequently disclosed on the survey.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Findings reinforced the value of using broad, open questions or requests that invite expansion from clients for gathering diet-related information.
Identifikasi Sumber-Sumber Obsidian Di Merangin Dan Sarolangun (Jambi, Sumatra) Berdasarkan Analisis Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (Pxrf)
Authors: Fauzi Mohammad Ruly , Wibowo Andy S , Wibawa Rhis Eka
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Prehistory of Sumatra well characterized by its abundant numbers of obsidian industry, one of which is in Jambi Province.
However, determination on the geochemical characteristic of obsidian from Jambi is still lacking.
Portable X-Ray Fluorescence analysis (pXRF) on obsidian samples from Merangin and Sarolangun proved the existence of three different obsidian sources in Jambi.
It is obtained through the determination of pXRF on the particular trace elements: Rb, Sr, Zr, Y, Nb, Ti and Mn.
The results are then analyzed by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to arrange the same obsidian sources.
This result is then corroborated with the Independent Sample T-Test.
This analysis reveals the similarity in trace-element concentration amongst the same source, as well as their differences within different sources.
This study contributes to the identification of two new obsidian sources from Sarolangun that have never been reported before.
As a result, there are five known-sources of obsidian in Southern Sumatra, in which three other sources were previously identified by Ambrose et al. (2009) and
Reepmeyer et al. (2011).Abstrak. Prasejarah Sumatra terkenal dengan industri obsidiannya yang melimpah, salah satunya yaitu di wilayah Jambi.
Namun demikian, determinasi karakteristik geokimia obsidian dari wilayah Jambi hingga saat ini masih sangat terbatas jumlahnya.
Analisis Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) pada sampel obsidian dari Merangin dan Sarolangun membuktikan adanya tiga sumber obsidian yang berbeda di wilayah Jambi.
Perbedaan tersebut diperoleh melalui determinasi pXRF pada unsur-jejak Rb, Sr, Zr, Y, Nb, Ti dan Mn. Hasil determinasi kemudian dianalisis dengan metode Principal Component Analysis (PCA) 
untuk mengelompokkan sumber-sumber obsidian yang sama. Hasil analisis tersebut kemudian diperkuat oleh analisis Independent Sample T-Test yang menunjukkan
kemiripan proporsi unsur-jejak pada sumber yang sama, sekaligus perbedaannya pada sumber yang berlainan.
Studi memberikan kontribusi berupa identifikasi dua sumber obsidian baru dari Sarolangun (Batang Asai 1 dan 2) yang belum pernah dilaporkan sebelumnya.
Dengan demikian terdapat lima sumber obsidian di Sumatra Bagian Selatan, dimana tiga sumber lainnya (i.e. Kerinci, OKU dan Tapus) telah berhasil diidentifikasi oleh Ambrose dkk. (2009)
dan Reepmeyer dkk. (2011).
IDENTIFIKASI SITUS ARKEOLOGI BAWAH AIR TINGGALAN PERANG DUNIA II DI PERAIRAN TELUK AMBON
Authors: Gemilang Wisnu A. , Ridwan Nia N.H , Wisha Ulung J.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. City of Ambon holds the evidence of colonialism as part of World War II history. Various maritime cultural activities contain historical data that can reconstruct the history of Indonesia. One example is Duke of Sparta (SS Aquila) shipwreck, located in Ambon Bay, that is well-known by local and international divers. However, underwater cultural heritage has not optimally managed, even suffers from thievery. Since underwater cultural heritage in Ambon Bay is significant to support national and international interests, this study aims to identify and record underwater cultural heritage in Ambon Bay by using Side Scan Sonar (SSS) and direct observation through diving survey. This preliminary study was conducted as the first stage of underwater cultural heritage preservation effort. The result shows findings of archaeological remains of shipwrecks and aircrafts. Some parts were incomplete, covered by coral ecosystem, and become fish habitat. High level of sedimentation has a role in disrupting the recent condition as most of the wreckages are now covered by sediment materials. Thus, preservation and protection efforts are necessary to be well-managed by central and local governments.  Keywords: Underwater archaeology, World War II, Ambon Bay, Side Scan Sonar  Abstrak. Kota Ambon mempunyai sejarah dalam Perang Dunia II yang menyimpan bukti-bukti sejarah kolonialisme. Berbagai aktivitas budaya maritim telah meninggalkan data yang melimpah untuk merekonstruksi sejarah bangsa ini. Di Perairan Teluk Ambon terdapat situs kapal kargo Duke of Sparta (SS Aquila) yang sangat dikenal oleh penyelam lokal maupun mancanegara. Permasalahan pada sisi lain sumber daya tinggalan budaya bawah air belum optimal dimanfaatkan, bahkan seringkali diambil secara ilegal. Mengingat bahwa peninggalan arkeologi bawah air di Indonesia khususnya perairan Ambon tidak hanya memiliki signifikansi nasional, tapi juga regional bahkan internasional. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan inventarisasi tinggalan budaya arkeologi bawah laut Ambon menggunakan Side Scan Sonar (SSS) serta pengamatan secara langsung (penyelaman). Kegiatan ini sebagai upaya awal perlindungan terhadap tinggalan tersebut. Hasil pengamatan memperlihatkan beberapa temuan tinggalan arkeologi bawah laut berupa kapal tenggelam SS Aquila, SS Victoria serta situs pesawat. Beberapa bagian situs telihat sudah tidak utuh dan tertutupi oleh ekosistem karang dan dihuni oleh ikan-ikan. Tingginya tingkat sedimentasi berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan situs tersebut, sehingga beberapa bagian situs tertimbun material sedimen. Upaya penyelamatan dan perlindungan perlu dilakukan lebih lanjut baik oleh pemerintah pusat maupun daerah. Kata kunci: Arkeologi Bawah Air, Perang Dunia II, Teluk Ambon, Side Scan Sonar
The mechanism of regulatory sandboxes for introducing digital innovations: the practice of implementing experimental legal regimes at national and supranational levels
Authors: Zavyalova E. B. , Krykanov D. D. , Patrunina K. A.
Published: January 2020

Introduction.The legal mechanism of regulatory sandboxes is implemented in a number of countries to foster the development of the digital economy. Regulatory sandboxes act as a legal mechanism that allows introducing a special legal regime for new products and services and conducting experiments (with certain restrictions) with their practical usage without violating the national law. The national program “The Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” sets the goal of the development of digital innovations and the corresponding legal regulation. The implementation of transnational strategies of digital development for the EAEU, the CIS, BRICS is considered as a new challenge to the common economic development.

Materials and methods.The research is based on the national and international legal acts as well as on national and international strategies of economic development. Among the methods used are comparison, generalization, qualitative and descriptive analysis and case-study method.

Results.The study has identified the main forms of regulatory experiments that are implemented in the modern practice of public regulation. The paper proves that the various forms of regulatory experiments (including regulatory sandboxes) are an effective instrument of regulation of the digital innovations. The authors have found the main pass through technologies that are the object of experimental regulation in international practice. The paper sets the criteria for a successful implementation of the concept of supranational regulatory sandboxes that are implemented in several jurisdictions simultaneously.

Discussion and conclusion.The study described the main patterns of implementation of regulatory sandboxes for digital innovations; the main characteristics of the regulatory sandboxes’ design were revealed; the general economic activities that can be enhanced by the instrument of regulatory sandboxes for digital innovations were defined.
Cyprus and the Great Powers. An Evaluation of Russian-Cypriot Relations in the New Eastern Mediterranean Environment
Authors: Kontos M.
Published: January 2020

Relations between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Cyprus have been traditionally close. However, some recent systemic developments seem to undermine their solid foundations. This article examines the contemporary international system and, especially, the regional sub-system of the Eastern Mediterranean in order to trace systemic changes that may affect relations between the countries under examination. The analysis of the Russian-Cypriot relations focuses on the potential effects of the international systemic changes on each one of their three main pillars: economic, diplomatic and cultural relations.
The EU, Russia and Cyprus
Authors: Stergiou A.
Published: January 2020

In recent years, Russian-Cypriot relations have been a very topical issue among EU politicians, scholars and journalists dealing with international relations of Russia, South-eastern Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean. Through this deep interest many unknown parameters of the topic have been illuminated. Nevertheless, most of the analyses followed a certain pattern that did not always dovetail with reality. Although Cyprus has possessed an exceptional place in the Russian foreign policy, Russia’s interest in the Cypriot economic and political affairs, however, have been in some cases overrated. As a result, for various geo-political and geo-economic reasons the island has been dragged into the EU-Russia political and economic troubled NATO-EU-Russia relationship of the last decade and paid a high tribute for it. Against this background, it is argued that the Eurogroup’s decisions regarding the Cypriot banks in March 2013 were groundless and false and eventually backfired on the goals they intended to achieve. The article also counter-argues the opinion that Moscow is interested in the EastMed gas reserves because of their value in the EU-energy supply diversification policy. Russian companies do not seem to oppose the various projects aimed at exploiting EastMed resources, as they do not view East Med gas as a threat to their economic interests.
The Viability of a Mediterranean Energy Hub and the Interests of European Union and Russia; Common or Conflicted?
Authors: Stratakis A. M. , Pelagidis P.
Published: January 2020

It has been a decade since the Southeastern Mediterranean region came to the forefront after the discovery of significant gas deposits in offshore fields located within the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ’s) of Egypt, Cyprus and Israel. Gradually, the region drew the attention of major oil companies (Total, Statoil, ENI, Exxon Mobil, BP, Rosneft Qatargas) who proceeded in a series of drilling operation projects in order to share the exploitation of the potential regional gas deposits with the involved countries in the future. Τhe aim of this paper on the first level, is to investigate the viability and competitiveness of a forthcoming energy hub in Southeastern Mediterranean, its role and the inevitably fierce competition by other well-established or emerging gas producing areas. In this task, there are a number of direct and indirect parameters that need to be taken under deep consideration. For example, the dominant options of implementing a Mediterranean energy hub, translated into the construction of the EastMed Pipeline or the promotion of an LNG Terminals Network respectively. On the second stage the paper examines and evaluates the interests of European Union and Russia in terms of energy demand and supply. Undoubtedly, the European Union is reconsidering its energy policy, seeking to enhance its steady gas supply by implementing a strategy of diversification in counterparts, routes and sources. On the other hand, Russia’s energy policy is aiming to raise market share and global influence. Is there any common ground?
Prospects of employment of artificial intelligence in propaganda. Singularity of propaganda
Authors: Koshmarov M.
Published: January 2020

Introduction.The object of study is the modern society in a wide, common to all mankind sense. The subject of the study are technologies of artificial neuronic networks.

The aim of the studyis analysis and forecast of application of artificial intellect in short- and long-term perspective of the development of the society.

Materials and methods.The methodological basis of the study are traditional scientific methods applied in political sciences and economic sciences, combined with new terminology, in order to describe contemporary phenomena – analysis, synthesis, historical method and others.

Research result.The article studies possible perspectives of development of existing technologies of artificial neuronets (artificial intelligence) and its application to the production of public consent. The analyzed possibilities of these technologies when applied to the optimization of production, include economy of resources, solution of ecological problems, and national security in the context of terrorism threat. The possibilities of the use of the artificial intelligence technologies by the world leading governments are also studied. The article presents a study of the contemporary application of technologies of artificial intellect and an analysis of perspectives of their application in future together with analysis of the risks of the use of new technologies in the context of the threat of terrorism.

Discussion and Conclusion.The concept of infocapsule and the technology of its creation are described. The research of the phenomenon of the singularity of propaganda presented in the article allows to extrapolate the obtained results to the contemporary trends of the evolution of the society. It is argued that the state regulation of the new technologies is necessary.
Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth has Dual Negative Effect on its Host Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Authors: Beyene Tigist , Egigu Meseret Chimdessa
Published: January 2020

Striga is a parasitic weed causing remarkable yield lose in Sorghum bicolor. In this study, phytotoxicity of leaf and flower extracts of Striga hermonthica were investigated on three sorghum varieties under laboratory conditions. Before allelopathic bioassay, total phenolics, alkaloids and terpenoids were quantified in the extracts. For allelopathic bioassay, 5 and 10% (w/v) aqueous extracts were prepared by reconstituting dried crude extracts of leaf and flower of S. hermonthica in distilled water. Varieties of sorghum named Muyra 1 (M1), Muyra 2 (M2) and Fendishe (Fe) were treated with equal amounts of 5 and 10% (w/v) extracts in Petri dishes lined with Whatman no.1 filter paper. The control treatment received distilled water and treatments were laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Germination parameters were monitored for 15 days and General linear model was used to analyze data. Results showed that both leaf and flower of S. hermonthica produce phenolics, alkaloids and terpenoids. Values of total phenolics and total alkaloids did not show significant variation, whereas total terpenoid was significantly higher in flower than leaf. Percent germination, shoot and root lengths as well as their dry weights were significantly affected by extract concentration, sorghum variety and their interactions. Compared to control, percent germination and seedling growth were highly reduced at 5% w/v extract concentration and completely inhibited at 10% w/v extract concentration. Varieties were not differentially affected by leaf extracts, but M1 and M2 appeared to be more affected than Fe by flower extract. The result also showed that root growth was more affected by extracts than shoot growth. Overall, this study for the first time revealed that S. hermonthica reduces yield of S. bicolor not only due to parasitism, but also through its negative allelopathic effect on seed germination and early seedling growth.