bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les voies de la création d’une base de données poétique générale
Authors: Seláf Levente
Published: November 2020

Cet article propose une réflexion sur les méthodes potentielles de l’analyse comparative des corpus poétiques, assistée par ordinateur. On distingue les « corpus clos », dont l’unité est garantie par la présence de certaines règles de composition dans chaque élément, des «corpus ouverts», où les critères chronologiques ou linguistiques comptent, sans prendre en considération les contraintes poétiques (ou bien le corpus est défini par l’absence d’une contrainte poétique spécifique). La pratique courante est l’étiquetage avec le code TEI, mais une description des poèmes dans la plus grande profondeur possible reste rare. Comme solution alternative, idéalisée, de poétique générative, on propose la construction d’une grille de description semblable aux «tables queneleieff» de l’Oulipo ; un exemple précoce de ce type d’approche est le traité de poétique Leys d’amors de Guilhem Molinier (xive siècle), qui contient des éléments de poétique combinatoire.
Prefacio
Authors: Bermúdez Sabel Helena , González-Blanco García Elena
Published: November 2020

Presentación del número por las responsables de este monográfico.
La criminalística en la educación superior
Authors: Wellington Th. Fancisco E.
Published: November 2020

Antecedentes históricos  de la criminalísticaOrigen de la criminalística en PanamáDiferencia entre criminalística y criminologíaLa criminalística en la educación superior
Preliminares
Authors: Revista de Derecho Cathedra
Published: November 2020

Portada, Contraportada, Índice
Reseña bibliográfica
Authors: Alvarez Franco Víctor
Published: November 2020

El juez penal frente a la desobediencia civil / Waldo Amir Batista Meléndez
Criterios aplicables a los procesos de adolescentes, dentro del sistema penal acusatorio en la República de Panamá
Authors: Sanchez Osvaldo
Published: November 2020

La actual Constitución Política de la Republicada Panamá establece de manera expresa la creación de la jurisdicción Especial de Menor incluyendo en los mismos parámetros, la adaptación de los adolescentes, la readaptación social de los abandonados, desamparados, en peligro moral o con desajuste. Ese reconocimiento constitucional garantiza y sustenta la especialización de las instituciones de justicia para la niñez y adolescencia desde perspectiva naturista, patológica y de peligrosidad social y moral.La Constitución consagra cuando menos dos garantías fundamentales a favor de los adolescentes. En lo referente al acto delictivo la garantía de una jurisdicción especial distinta a la jurisdicción penal ordinaria, y un régimen especial de privación de libertad, distinto al régimen de los centros penitenciarios de rehabilitación para adultos.
Factores que inciden en el comportamiento delictivo en adolescentes
Authors: Palacios Gómez Malú Del Carmen
Published: November 2020

En el sistema de justicia panameña existe una jurisdicción, dentro de la rama penal, especial para los menores de edad, cuyo objetivo es el manejo de aquellos que en su condición de adolescentes infringen la ley penal.  Conocer cuáles son los factores que interactúan y llevan al adolescente a incurrir en la comisión de delitos, son pilares fundamentales, para aquellos que sin cumplir mayoría de edad cometan un delito (12 a 17 años), se judicialicen al amparo de la Ley 40 de 26 de agosto de 1999. Los adolescentes son un grupo etario, que se encuentran en una de las etapas más difíciles de sus vidas o como muchos expertos lo llamarían la etapa de “sturn and drang” de tormenta y dificultades (L, Joseph Stone y Josep Chruch 1959), dando pasos entre conocerse y formar su yo ideal, lidiando con la muerte figurativa de un cuerpo infantil como lo llama la psicología y tener aún que enfrentar un proceso penal por haber cometido delito.
Límites del "ius puniendi" y el derecho de defensa: su impacto en el proceso penal
Authors: Batista Meléndez Waldo Amir
Published: November 2020

El derecho de defensa su impacto en el proceso penalLímites temporales del derecho a la defensaEl contenido del derecho de defensa
La legítima defensa como causa de justificación en el derecho penal panameño
Authors: Rivera Cano Ogami
Published: November 2020

La legítima defensa dentro la jurisdicción pena¡ panameña puede ser entendida como aquella acción por parte de la víctima de un delito hacia su agresor en defensa de un derecho ante una amenaza real e inminente, carente de todo sustento legal, lo cual la cataloga de injusta, a través de un medio proporcional al utilizado por el agresor, sin haber sido la víctima quien haya cometido la provocación suficiente para merecer la agresión de la cual se es objeto, circunstancia que no es dable sólo a la víctima, sino también a una tercera persona que defiende a ésta de la agresión, bajo las circunstancias antes plasmadas. Esta figura, propia de nuestro derecho penal, el cual como sabemos es de carácter normativo, jurídico, preventivo, sancionador, público, finalista y resocializador, cónsono con nuestra Carta Magna y los convenios y tratados de carácter internacional de los cuales Panamá es signatario, debe ser de supra interés para los estudiantes de nuestra Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Forenses, habidas cuentas que abarca si la conducta humana objeto de un cuestionamiento presuntamente punitivo, lleva inmerso per se, aquellos elementos básicos de tipicidad, antijuricidad  y culpabilidad, ofreciendo al jurista o al criminalista, un prisma sobre el cual ha de sustentar su argumentación o investigación según sea el caso. Y es así de importante, que al existir legítima defensa (causa de justificación), por más que exista el daño a un bien jurídico tutelado, conforme a nuestra legislación penal en su artículo 32, no se entiende ejecutado delito alguno.
La paradiplomacia en Panamá
Authors: Aguana Martínez José Manuel
Published: November 2020

El neologismo paradiplomacia se refiere a las relaciones internacionales realizadas por las instituciones no centrales de un país, subestatales, regionales o locales, con el fin de promover sus propios intereses. Algunos incluyen factores de la sociedad civil. Cada ente subestatal se proyecta a través de diversas formas realizando una diplomacia a escala sin interferir con la política exterior del estado nacional que integra. Una de las formas más comunes que tienen las ciudades de proyectarse es el hermanamiento de ciudades.
Preliminares
Authors: Cathedra Revista
Published: November 2020

Portada, Misión, Visión, Equipo editorial, Índice, Presentación de la edición
Firma electrónica como medio de validación de documentos electrónicos en la República de Panamá
Authors: Ureña Castillo Arelys Eliana
Published: November 2020

La seguridad informática es un concepto asociado a la minimización del riesgo, falta de contingencias y certeza de la información, pues aunque si bien es cierto que los componentes de un sistema informático están expuestos a "ataques cibernéticos", que pueden alterar, sustraer o hasta desaparecer información, en esa misma medida, tanto entes públicos, como privados han realizado importantes inversiones en recursos económicos, humanos y tecnológicos para desarrollar estrategias, técnicas y herramientas de seguridad con el fin de obtener protección absoluta (aunque en realidad utópico), para los sistemas informáticos en que se gestionen trámites, de forma íntegra e integral, para resguardar el bien más preciado que reposa o circula en las redes electrónicas: la información, y para ello se ha desarrollado una herramienta electrónica de uso generalizado en casi todos los sistemas informáticos del mundo: La Firma Electrónica.
Análisis crítico a la legislación regulatoria del archivo tecnológico de documentos
Authors: Fong Buckridge Jaime
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo es un análisis jurídico-legislativo de la normativa en materia de almacenamiento tecnológico de documentos; una observación crítica sobre su evolución histórica y aspectos relevantes,  así como una revisión descriptiva de las diferentes normas que han creado, modificado  y regulado la figura; sus aportes, innovaciones y regulaciones más destacadas; una comparación técnica de los textos, objetivos y fines. Finalmente se brinda una opinión particular de la efectividad de dicha normativa y sus carencias.
El derecho a la salud pública
Authors: Quintero Arelis
Published: November 2020

El derecho a la salud, por su carácter inherente a la existencia de todo ser humano, se encuentra protegido en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico. Esto persigue la justicia social, en aras de una igualdad real y efectiva. Abriendo la oportunidad a la accesibilidad a la atención de salud, para todas las personas que por su condición económica, física o mental se hallen en circunstancias de debilidad manifiesta. En forma primordial, este derecho busca el aseguramiento del derecho fundamental por naturaleza: la vida. Exigiendo un tratamiento prioritario y preferencial por parte del gobierno y del legislador, en aras a su efectiva protección.
El Derecho a la educación de las personas privadas de libertad en Panamá y Colombia
Authors: Polo Enzo , Español Sierra William Frank
Published: November 2020

La educación es reconocida como un derecho humano, fundamental para el desarrollo personal y social de todo ser humano. Los derechos de las personas privadas de la libertad se encuentran consagrados en diversos instrumentos universales y regionales de derechos humanos. El derecho a la educación de este sector de la población es un derecho plenamente reconocido y se encuentra enmarcado desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos. Es la educación en general, y en especial en los establecimientos penales, uno de los elementos fundamentales, la que actúa como resguardo de la condición de ser humano para aquellas personas que alguna vez han delinquido. Por consiguiente, el encarcelamiento, aunque se considere un castigo justificado, no debe llevar consigo una privación adicional de los derechos civiles. Esta realidad es visible no solo en la sociedad panameña, sino también en la colombiana, en ambos países, aunque las realidades normativas son diferentes la esencia de la prisión es la misma y se busca acorde con el derecho internacional que la educación cumpla un papel fundamental en la resocialización de la persona privada de la libertad.
Trascendencia de la lúdica como dimensión psicoespiritual en el proyecto de vida de los actantes educativos
Authors: Ramírez Almanza Nerio J.
Published: November 2020

La educación es uno de los  elementos esenciales del ser humano y de la sociedad, por tal motivo, los centros de formación deben dar respuestas constantes y oportunas a todo el conglomerado de actantes educativos; de allí que la investigación titulada: Trascendencia de la lúdica como dimensión psicoespiritual en el proyecto de vida de los actantes educativos; y la cual está fundamentada en Newson (1986), Cabrera (2009), Flaceiére (1993), Universidad del Norte  (2010),Cordero (2010), Jiménez (2007), Beltrán (2002), Medina (2014), Echeverry y Gómez (2009), Paredes (2003),García (2004). La indagación tiene la finalidad de analizar la trascendencia de la lúdica como dimensión psicoespiritual en el proyecto de vida de los actantes educativos;  cuyo abordaje epistemológico se enmarcó en un enfoque cualitativo, bajo la metodología centrada en una revisión bibliográfica. Llegando a la conclusión de que la lúdica como dimensión psicoespiritual,  va a transformar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, puesto que,  son los actantes educativos los protagonistas de dicho proceso; y a su vez como dimensión;  ya que encamina al hombre al desarrollo emocional y a los talentos personales, ayudando con ello a alcanzar su felicidad; se sugiere a  los docentes a nivel andragógico que, diseñen actividades, encuentros, convivencias, ejercicios, que persigan no solo el disfrute de esos actos, sino del crecimiento psicológico y espiritual de los actantes educativos.
Desarrollo de habilidades sociales para estudiantes universitarios de alto potencial académico
Authors: Aguirre Donadío Rosa María
Published: November 2020

Si usted ha escuchado hablar, alguna vez, de los “asesores de imagen”, sabrá que no sólo es viable sino que está de moda, que los adultos paguen a un “experto” para que les indique y les enseñe cómo deben vestirse, cómo deben hablar, moverse o reaccionar ante determinados estímulos. Sobre en el mundo de las artes y la política, esto es cada vez más frecuente, y lo que buscan los clientes del entrenamiento es convertirse en personas más simpáticas, más elocuentes y más convincentes. Qué tal si utilizáramos estas mismas armas para ayudar a estudiantes universitarios que necesitan de un entrenamiento especial para poder desarrollar todas sus habilidades innatas, superando sus miedos, traumas y complejos, con el objetivo de tomar el control de sus propias vidas, elevando, en el camino, su autoestima, mientras aprende a valorarse, a atreverse y a respetarse a sí mismo y a los demás. El presente escrito es un extracto de mi trabajo de Monografía para optar por el Postgrado en Docencia Superior. En él, se ofrece la idea de un curso para ayudar a estudiantes universitarios con un buen perfil académico pero con un desastroso perfil social.
Estudio para el establecimiento de una planta de recuperación y tratamiento de desechos sólidos urbanos en el Municipio de Chitré, Provincia de Herrera, República de Panamá
Authors: Solis Osvaldo
Published: November 2020

La mayoría de las ciudades del mundo, confrontan problemas con sus vertederos municipales, relacionados con un manejo deficiente, ocasionado contaminación de los recursos naturales. En la República de Panamá, los vertederos están generando efectos perjudiciales sobre las comunidades y el ambiente; presentando una gestión, inadecuada, de la basura, que debe ser mejorada, urgentemente. En la ciudad de Chitré, el vertedero causa impactos ambientales, y riesgos a la salud de las personas, por lo cual, es urgente, buscar alternativas que aseguren mitigar los efectos que produce sobre la naturaleza y los habitantes del Distrito de Chitré. El objetivo general de la investigación es establecer una planta de recuperación y tratamiento de desechos sólidos urbanos, con el fin de evitar y reducir la contaminación en la ciudad de Chitré. La metodología incluyó una encuesta, mediante un cuestionario, aplicada, a una barriada de la ciudad de Chitré, con el propósito de obtener información, sobre la necesidad de establecer una planta de recuperación y tratamiento de residuos sólidos urbanos en el vertedero del municipio de Chitré. Algunas conclusiones son las siguientes: gran parte de la población del municipio de Chitré, tienen conocimiento de los problemas que representa el vertedero para la comunidad y el ambiente; el total de los habitantes encuestados consideran indispensable, el reciclaje de los desechos sólidos urbanos; la gran mayoría de los habitantes encuestados están de acuerdo con la instalación de una planta de recuperación y tratamiento de residuos sólidos urbanos, en el municipio de Chitré. Las recomendaciones fueron las siguientes: es indispensable establecer un plan de educación ambiental, relacionado con los residuos sólidos urbanos, en la ciudad de Chitré; algunas opciones de manejo para el vertedero del municipio de Chitré, pueden incluir: una planta de recuperación y tratamiento de residuos sólidos urbanos; o iniciar los estudios correspondientes para buscar un sitio, adecuado, para su traslado; o campañas de educación ambiental y reciclaje, en escuelas y la comunidad.
Tecnología de la información y comunicación como herramienta para la toma de decisiones en las instituciones educativas en Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Lacera Padilla Elvia , Orellana Parra Marcos , Cortez Gonzalo Gustavo
Published: November 2020

El objetivo fue analizar la tecnología de la información y la comunicación (TIC) como herramienta para la toma de decisiones en las instituciones educativas en Santa Marta. La investigación fue descriptiva con diseño de campo, transeccional y no experimental. La población estuvo conformada por 7 unidades educativas públicas básicas primaria de la localidad 2. Los informantes fueron 7 rectores y 86 docentes. Se diseñaron dos instrumentos con escala tipo Lickert. Fueron sometidos a validez y confiabilidad a través del método Alfa de Cronbach obteniéndose una confiabilidad de 0,852 para los rectores y 0,994 para los docentes. Se demostró para la variable TIC que la mayor frecuencia de las respuestas, tanto de los rectores (35%) como docentes (34,6%), estuvo enmarcada en casi siempre. En cuanto a la toma de decisiones, la alternativa siempre tuvo el mayor porcentaje (34,6%) para el grupo de rectores y para los docentes las respuestas estuvo orientada hacia casi siempre (41,2%). Se demuestra presencia de ambas variable: TIC alcanzó una media de 3.88 y toma de decisiones, 3.92; sin embargo están muy cercanos al extremo inferior de la media ponderada, lo cual alerta a prestar especial atención ya que puede ser susceptible a descender a valores inferiores.
Determination of the molecular structure and (m,n) index assignment to the constituent walls of MWCNTs with undetermined diameters and chirality
Authors: Andonovic Viktor , Dimitrov Aleksandar T , Paunovic Perica , Andonovic Beti
Published: November 2020

Each carbon nanotube (CNT) has its own mathematical representation due to its hexagonal lattice structure. The subjects of research are multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and determining their structural parameters: innermost and outermost diameters, chiral indices m and n, number of walls and their unit cell parameters. Within this paper low frequency region and corresponding high frequency parts of Raman spectra of three experimentally produced CNTs are considered, as well as use of Python programming for the most accurate (m,n) assignment. Determining the chirality of these samples enables calculation of other structural properties which are performed hereby. Furthermore, this author’s work enables future studies on the samples, as are calculation of different topological indices using the graph representation and the chirality of the studied CNT samples.
Impact of Short Term Mobile Phone Abstinence on Undergraduate Medical Students: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Venugopal V , Poonguzhali S , Sadhana S , Venkateswaran ST , Maheshkumar K
Published: November 2020

Background: The purpose of the current study is to investigate the perceptions of completely abstaining oneself from using a smartphone for one whole day among medical students. This study is a unique initiative and it was experimented on a particular group of adolescent college students to completely abstain from using mobile phones for one whole day, and that specific day was coined as ‘No Mobile Day’. Methods: A total of 119 residential medical students participated in the study and they were instructed to abstain from any type of mobile phone or gadget usage for a period of 24 hours and they surrendered their mobile phones. A semi-structured questionnaire with open and close-ended questions was provided to the students at the end of the 24 hour period and the aims of the questionnaire are explained clearly to the respondents. Results: In total, 12 invalid responses were deleted, leaving 107 valid responses for analysis. The qualitative data analysis is performed using a constant comparison method. Results obtained from the current findings indicate the presence of mobile phone addiction in this particular group to some extent. However, majority of the students enjoyed this unique experience of not using mobile phones and embraced the concept of “No Mobile Day’. Conclusion: Given the alarming increase in depression among adolescents and the number of psychosocial treatments being administered to young people, conducting such events would be a great boost to slowly overcome social anxiety and social deprivation.
Validación del manejo integrado de Hypothenemus Hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en el Huila, Colombia
Authors: López-Franco Ferney , Laiton-Jiménez Laura Alexandra , Benavides Machado Pablo
Published: November 2020

El café es el principal producto agrícola de exportación de Colombia, siendo el Huila el mayor proveedor actual. La plaga más limitante es la broca de café. El objetivo de este trabajo fue validar en el campo las estrategias de control usadas en el manejo integrado de la broca. Para esto, se tomó un lote de café en el municipio de Pitalito y se dividió en cuatro parcelas experimentales, correspondiendo a los siguientes métodos de control: M1 Control biológico, M2 Control químico, M3 Control cultural y M4 Testigo manejo implementado por el agricultor. Se evaluó la infestación de broca en el campo y en café pergamino seco, por medio de un muestreo aleatorio simple. Mediante el estimador de razón de los frutos infestados por cada 100 frutos se determinó que el M3 Control cultural fue descriptivamente menor con respecto a los demás métodos de control en el campo. De manera consecuente, el M3 presentó el menor porcentaje de infestación en café pergamino seco. Cuando se implementó el control cultural, se registró en el campo una reducción del 74,55% en el estimador de razón y del 54% en el porcentaje de infestación en café pergamino, con respecto al M4 manejo del agricultor. Esta investigación permite recomendar el control cultural como la mejor estrategia de control de la broca, así mismo, transferir estos resultados a los caficultores de Huila. El control cultural consistió en la cosecha oportuna y en el repase con recolección de frutos del suelo asistidas con dispositivos “canastillas”.
Hard X-Ray Excess from the Magnificent Seven Neutron Stars
Authors: Dessert Christopher , Foster Joshua W. , Safdi Benjamin R.
Published: November 2020

We report significant hard X-ray excesses in the energy range 2–8 keV for two nearby isolated neutron stars: RX J1856.6−3754 and RX J0420.0−5022. These neutron stars have previously been observed in soft X-rays to have nearly thermal spectra at temperatures ∼100 eV, which are thought to arise from the warm neutron star surfaces. We find nontrivial hard X-ray spectra well above the thermal surface predictions with archival data from the XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray telescopes. We analyze possible systematic effects that could generate such spurious signals, such as nearby X-ray point sources and pileup of soft X-rays, but we find that the hard X-ray excesses are robust to these systematics to the extent that is possible to test. We also investigate possible sources of hard X-ray emission from the neutron stars and find no satisfactory explanation with known mechanisms, suggesting that a novel source of X-ray emission is at play. We do not find high-significance hard X-ray excesses from the other five Magnificent Seven isolated neutron stars.
The Nonstandard Properties of a “Standard” PWN: Unveiling the Mysteries of PWN G21.5–0.9 Using Its IR and X-Ray Emission
Authors: Hattori Soichiro , Straal Samayra M. , Zhang Emily , Temim Tea , Gelfand Joseph D. , Slane Patrick O.
Published: November 2020

The evolution of a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) depends on properties of the progenitor star, supernova, and surrounding environment. As some of these quantities are difficult to measure, reproducing the observed dynamical properties and spectral energy distribution (SED) with an evolutionary model is often the best approach to estimating their values. G21.5−0.9, powered by the pulsar J1833−1034, is a well observed PWN for which previous modeling efforts have struggled to reproduce the observed SED. In this study, we reanalyze archival infrared (IR; Herschel, Spitzer) and X-ray (Chandra, NuSTAR, Hitomi) observations. The similar morphology observed between IR line and continuum images of this source indicates that a significant portion of this emission is generated by surrounding dust and gas, and not synchrotron radiation from the PWN. Furthermore, we find that the broadband X-ray spectrum of this source is best described by a series of power laws fit over distinct energy bands. For all X-ray detectors, we find significant softening and decreasing unabsorbed flux in higher energy bands. Our model for the evolution of a PWN is able to reproduce the properties of this source when the supernova ejecta has a low initial kinetic energy E
sn ≈ 1.2 × 1050 erg and the spectrum of particles injected into the PWN at the termination shock is softer at low energies. Lastly, our hydrodynamical modeling of the supernova remnant can reproduce its morphology if there is a significant increase in the density of the ambient medium ∼1.8 pc north of the explosion center.
A Measurement of the CMB E-mode Angular Power Spectrum at Subdegree Scales from 670 Square Degrees of POLARBEAR Data
Authors: Adachi S. , Aguilar Faúndez M. A. O. , Arnold K. , Baccigalupi C. , Barron D. , Beck D. , Bianchini F. , Chapman S. , Cheung K. , Chinone Y. , Crowley K. , Dobbs M. , Bouhargani H. El , Elleflot T. , Errard J. , Fabbian G. , Feng C. , Fujino T. , Galitzki N. , Goeckner-Wald N. , Groh J. , Hall G. , Hasegawa M. , Hazumi M. , Hirose H. , Jaffe A. H. , Jeong O. , Kaneko D. , Katayama N. , Keating B. , Kikuchi S. , Kisner T. , Kusaka A. , Lee A. T. , Leon D. , Linder E. , Lowry L. N. , Matsuda F. , Matsumura T. , Minami Y. , Navaroli M. , Nishino H. , Pham A. T. P. , Poletti D. , Reichardt C. L. , Segawa Y. , Siritanasak P. , Tajima O. , Takakura S. , Takatori S. , Tanabe D. , Teply G. P. , Tsai C. , Vergès C. , Westbrook B. , Zhou Y. ,   (The Polarbear Collaboration)
Published: November 2020

We report a measurement of the E-mode polarization power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using 150 GHz data taken from 2014 July to 2016 December with the Polarbear experiment. We reach an effective polarization map noise level of

-

across an observation area of 670 square degrees. We measure the EE power spectrum over the angular multipole range

, tracing the third to seventh acoustic peaks with high sensitivity. The statistical uncertainty on E-mode bandpowers is ∼2.3

at

, with a systematic uncertainty of 0.5

. The data are consistent with the standard ΛCDM cosmological model with a probability-to-exceed of 0.38. We combine recent CMB E-mode measurements and make inferences about cosmological parameters in ΛCDM as well as in extensions to ΛCDM. Adding the ground-based CMB polarization measurements to the Planck data set reduces the uncertainty on the Hubble constant by a factor of 1.2 to

. When allowing the number of relativistic species (

) to vary, we find

, which is in good agreement with the standard value of 3.046. Instead allowing the primordial helium abundance (

) to vary, the data favor

. This is very close to the expectation of 0.2467 from big bang nucleosynthesis. When varying both

and

, we find

and

.
A New Candidate Transitional Millisecond Pulsar in the Subluminous Disk State: 4FGL J0407.7–5702
Authors: Miller Jessie M. , Swihart Samuel J. , Strader Jay , Urquhart Ryan , Aydi Elias , Chomiuk Laura , Dage Kristen C. , Kawash Adam , Shishkovsky Laura , Sokolovsky Kirill V.
Published: November 2020

We report the discovery of a variable optical and X-ray source within the error ellipse of the previously unassociated Fermi Large Area Telescope γ-ray source 4FGL J0407.7–5702. A 22 ks observation from XMM-Newton/European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC) shows an X-ray light curve with rapid variability and flaring. The X-ray spectrum is well fit by a hard power law with Γ = 1.7. Optical photometry taken over several epochs is dominated by aperiodic variations of moderate amplitude. Optical spectroscopy with Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) and Gemini reveals a blue continuum with broad and double-peaked H and He emission, as expected for an accretion disk around a compact binary. Overall, the optical, X-ray, and γ-ray properties of 4FGL J0407.7–5702 are consistent with a classification as a transitional millisecond pulsar in the subluminous disk state. We also present evidence that this source is more distant than other confirmed or candidate transitional millisecond pulsar binaries, and that the ratio of X-ray to γ-ray flux is a promising tool to help identify such binaries, indicating that a more complete census for these rare systems is becoming possible.
An Obscured, Seyfert 2–like State of the Stellar-mass Black Hole GRS 1915+105 Caused by Failed Disk Winds
Authors: Miller J. M. , Zoghbi A. , Raymond J. , Balakrishnan M. , Brenneman L. , Cackett E. , Draghis P. , Fabian A. C. , Gallo E. , Kaastra J. , Kallman T. , Kammoun E. , Motta S. E. , Proga D. , Reynolds M. T. , Trueba N.
Published: November 2020

We report on Chandra grating spectra of the stellar-mass black hole GRS 1915+105 obtained during a novel, highly obscured state. As the source entered this state, a dense, massive accretion disk wind was detected through strong absorption lines. Photoionization modeling indicates that it must originate close to the central engine, orders of magnitude from the outer accretion disk. Strong, nearly sinusoidal flux variability in this phase yielded a key insight: the wind is blueshifted when its column density is relatively low, but redshifted as it approaches the Compton-thick threshold. At no point does the wind appear to achieve the local escape velocity; in this sense, it is a “failed wind.” Later observations suggest that the disk ultimately fails to keep even the central engine clear of gas, leading to heavily obscured and Compton-thick states characterized by very strong Fe K emission lines. Indeed, these later spectra are successfully described using models developed for obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We discuss our results in terms of the remarkable similarity of GRS 1915+105 deep in its “obscured state” to Seyfert 2 and Compton-thick AGNs, and we explore how our understanding of accretion and obscuration in massive black holes is impacted by our observations.
Mg ii Absorbers in High-resolution Quasar Spectra. I. Voigt Profile Models
Authors: Churchill Christopher W. , Evans Jessica L. , Stemock Bryson , Nielsen Nikole M. , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Murphy Michael T.
Published: November 2020

We present the Voigt profile (VP) models, column densities, Doppler b parameters, kinematics, and distribution of components for 422 Mg ii absorbers found in a survey of 249 HIRES and UVES quasar spectra. The equivalent width range of the sample is 0.006 ≤ W

r
(2796) ≤ 6.23 Å and the redshift range is 0.19 ≤ z ≤ 2.55, with a mean of

. Based on historical precedent, we classified 180 absorbers as weak systems (W

r
(2796) < 0.3 Å) and 242 as strong systems (W

r
(2796) ≥ 0.3 Å). Assuming a minimum number of significant components per system, the VP fitting, yielded a total of 2989 components, with an average of 2.7 and 10.3 components found for the weak and strong Mg ii subsamples, respectively. The VP component line density for the full sample is 8.62 ± 0.23 clouds Å−1. The distribution of VP component column density over the range 12.4 ≤ log N(Mg ii) ≤ 17.0 cm−2 is well modeled with a power-law slope of −1.45 ± 0.01. The median Doppler b parameters are 4.5 ± 3.5 km s−1, 6.0 ± 4.5 km s−1, and 5.7 ± 4.4 km s−1 for the weak, strong, and full samples. We modeled the probability of component velocity splitting (the two-point velocity correlation function) of our full sample using a three-component composite Gaussian function. Our resulting velocity dispersions are σ
1 = 25.4 km s−1, σ
2 = 68.7 km s−1, and σ
3 = 207.1 km s−1. These data provide an excellent database for studying the cosmic evolution of Mg ii absorber kinematic evolution.
On the Use of Naked-eye Sunspot Observations during the Maunder Minimum
Authors: Carrasco V. M. S. , Gallego M. C. , Arlt R. , Vaquero J. M.
Published: November 2020

Naked-eye sunspot observations (NESOs) have been recorded for the past two millennia, approximately. These kinds of records were made around the world, mainly in Asian civilizations, and they are compiled in several catalogs. In this work, we analyze solar activity on days of the 19th century when NESOs were recorded. We found that only more than five sunspot groups were recorded in 39% of days corresponding to these NESO events. Furthermore, regarding the largest groups observed on days when NESOs were reported, we show that the uncorrected areas of these groups were below 200 millionths of solar disk (msd) in 3.2% of total cases, while it is 12.9% for areas between 200 and 499 msd. Thus, NESO records do not necessarily imply high solar activity and big sunspot groups. Therefore, these results contradict the interpretations of recent works that, using the same NESO set, suggest the solar activity level during the Maunder Minimum is still an open question. NESO records support the Maunder Minimum as a very low solar activity period.
An Analysis of the North Polar Spur Using HaloSat
Authors: LaRocca Daniel M. , Kaaret Philip , Kuntz K. D. , Hodges-Kluck Edmund , Zajczyk Anna , Bluem Jesse , Ringuette Rebecca , Jahoda Keith M.
Published: November 2020

We present HaloSat X-ray observations of the entirety of the bright X-ray emitting feature known as the North Polar Spur (NPS). The large field of view of HaloSat enabled coverage of the entire bright NPS in only 14 fields, which were each observed for ≈30,000 s. We find that the NPS fields are distinct in both brightness and spectral shape from the surrounding halo fields. We fit the NPS as two thermal components in ionization equilibrium with temperatures

and

. We note a temperature gradient in the NPS hot component with an inner arc temperature warmer than the outer arc. The emission measures we find for the cool component of the NPS is a factor of 3–5 greater than that of the hot component, which suggests that the bulk of the NPS material is in the ≈0.1 keV component. We evaluate distance estimates of 0.4 and 8.0 kpc for the NPS. Our findings suggest a preference for a distant NPS with an energy of ≈ 6 × 1054 erg, an age of ≈ 10 Myr, and pressures consistent with a 10μG magnetic field associated with the Fermi bubbles. The electron density ≈10 × 10−3 cm−3 is consistent with estimates for the shock region surrounding a Galactic-scale event.
Revealing the Spectroscopic Variations of FU Orionis Object V960 Mon with High-resolution Spectroscopy
Authors: Takagi Yuhei , Honda Satoshi , Arai Akira , Takahashi Jun , Oasa Yumiko , Itoh Yoichi
Published: November 2020

We present the results of the high-resolution spectroscopy of the FU Orionis-type star V960 Mon. The brightness of V960 Mon decreased continuously after the outburst was detected in 2014 November. During this dimming event, we carried out medium-resolution spectroscopic monitoring observations and found that the equivalent width of the absorption features showed variations. To further investigate the spectroscopic variations, we conducted a high-resolution spectroscopic observation of V960 Mon with the Subaru Telescope and the High Dispersion Spectrograph on 2018 January 8 and 2020 February 1. By comparing this spectrum with the archival data of the Keck Observatory and the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer taken between 2014 and 2017, we found that the absorption profiles changed as V960 Mon faded. The line profile of absorption lines such as Fe i and Ca i can be explained by a sum of the spectra of the disk atmosphere and the central star. The model spectrum created to explain the variations of the line profiles suggests that the effective temperature of the central star is ∼5500 K, which is comparable to that of the pre-outburst phase with a distance of 1.6 kpc with Gaia. The spectrum also shows that the effective temperature of the disk atmosphere decreased as V960 Mon faded. The variations of the Hα and Ca ii lines (8498.0, 8542.1 Å) also show that the V960 Mon spectrum became central-star dominant.
Machine Learning as a Flaring Storm Warning Machine: Was a Warning Machine for the 2017 September Solar Flaring Storm Possible?
Authors: Benvenuto F. , Campi C. , Massone A. M. , Piana M.
Published: November 2020

Machine learning is now one of the methodologies of choice for flare forecasting, and supervised techniques, in both their traditional and deep versions, are becoming more frequently used for prediction in this area of space weather. Most studies assess the prediction effectiveness of machine-learning methods by computing confusion matrices, which are typically highly non-diagonal, particularly in applications concerning the forecasting of X-class flares. The present study suggests that the reliability of the outcomes of a supervised machine-learning method could be better assessed by using it as a warning machine, sounding binary alerts unrolled over time, and by comparing the number of alerts sounded by the machine in specific time windows with the number of events actually observed in those time windows. Indeed, when applied to the prediction of the events associated with the 2017 September solar storm, a hybrid LASSO algorithm was able to sound alerts every day a flare actually occurred; it also identified the corresponding flare class. In addition, the machine was able to predict with some accuracy a reliable proxy of the energy budget daily released by magnetic reconnection during the entire course of the storm. Finally, the analysis shows that the combination of sparsity-enhancing machine learning and feature ranking could allow the identification of the prominent role that the Ising energy played as an active region property in the forecasting process.
Prevalence of Amblyopia After Photoscreening
Authors: Laiginhas Rita , Ferreira Cláudia Costa , Leitão Raquel , Geraldes Rafael , Chibante-Pedro João , Monteiro Madalena , de Matos Coimbra
Published: November 2020

Purpose:

To assess the prevalence of amblyopia in a population of adolescents screened for amblyogenic risk factors at preschool age.

Methods:

Data were retrospectively collected from the preschool screening for amblyogenic risk factors routinely performed in the authors' hospital. A stratified random sampling was used. A school from the region was randomly selected and then two grades were randomly selected. All classes from these grades were evaluated and only children who were previously screened for amblyogenic risk factors were included. Ophthalmological examination included best visual acuity (distance and near, Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study scale and Jaeger eye chart) and stereopsis (Randot Stereo Test; Stereo Optical Company, Inc). Sample size was estimated as more than 283 participants. Pertinent data were extracted for analysis.

Results:

A total of 520 children were recruited, and 299 met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen percent of children (n = 46) had results at the screening that prompted a further ophthalmological evaluation and 9% of children (n = 26) had meaningful refractive errors or strabismus. Overall amblyopia prevalence was 1.00%. One of the 3 children who developed amblyopia had microstrabismus, and the remaining 2 children had a previous positive screening result but missed the follow-up evaluations. At the follow-up evaluation, 79.3% (n = 237) of children were not wearing glasses.

Conclusions:

A structured screening may allow the early detection of amblyogenic factors and prevent further vision deterioration in children, thus improving their long-term quality of life. The prevalence of amblyopia in this study was lower than that recently stated for Europe.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(6):372–377.]
A note on the Signal-to-noise ratio of $ (n, m) $-functions
Authors: Zhou Yu , Dong Xinfeng , Wei Yongzhuang , Zhang Fengrong
Published: November 2020

The concept of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a useful measure indicator of the robustness of \begin{document}$ (n, m) $\end{document}-functions \begin{document}$ F = (f_1, \ldots, f_m) $\end{document} (cryptographic S-boxes) against differential power analysis (DPA), has received extensive attention during the previous decade. In this paper, we give an upper bound on the SNR of balanced \begin{document}$ (n, m) $\end{document}-functions, and a clear upper bound regarding unbalanced \begin{document}$ (n, m) $\end{document}-functions. Moreover, we derive some deep relationships between the SNR of \begin{document}$ (n, m) $\end{document}-functions and three other cryptographic parameters (the maximum value of the absolute value of the Walsh transform, the sum-of-squares indicator, and the nonlinearity of its coordinates), respectively. In particular, we give a trade-off between the SNR and the refined transparency order of \begin{document}$ (n, m) $\end{document}-functions. Finally, we prove that the SNR of \begin{document}$ (n, m) $\end{document}-functions is not affine invariant, and data experiments verify this result.
Páginas da vida de um jovem arqueólogo: Francisco Tavares Proença Júnior (1883-1916)
Authors: Martins Ana Cristina
Published: November 2020

Inaugurado em 1910, o Museu Municipal de Castelo Branco nasceu da vontade e da acção de Francisco Tavares Proença Júnior (1883-1916), então com 27 anos. Pertencendo a uma das mais influentes famílias beirãs da época, F. Tavares Proença Júnior cedo se interessou pelo passado da região onde residia, percorrendo-a em demanda de sítios arqueológicos que assinalou e de artefactos que reuniu para com eles constituir uma colecção. Esta colecção estará na base do museu que projectou instituir desde 1902, por entre múltiplos apoios, desalentos e contradições. Tratou-se, contudo, de um plano individual de visibilidade pública que merece ser analisado enquanto materialização de uma agenda de afirmação pessoal alicerçada nos capitais granjeados por sua família, assim como nas diferentes tipologias de redes – incluindo territoriais –, e estratégias interpessoais tecidas ao longo dos tempos pelos seus antepassados e colaterais. Propomos, por conseguinte, demonstrar neste artigo a relação que foi sendo mantida entre o indivíduo F. Tavares Proença Júnior e os capitais, o território, a colecção, e museu e identidade(s).
Growth of Ga2O3 Nanowires by a Vapor Transport Method and their Optical Transmittance Spectra
Authors: Ozaki Shunji , Nakahata Yuki
Published: November 2020

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nanowires were grown on fused quartz and Si substrates by a vapor transport method of heating gallium metal at 750−1100 °C in a tube of the horizontal furnace. The obtained white colored product has shown to be the Ga2O3 nanowires with average diameters ranging from 30 to 80 nm. The optical transmittance spectra indicated that the bandgap energy of Ga2O3 nanowire increases as the diameter of nanowire decreases.
Dependence of Ionic Conductivity on the Thickness of β-AgI Thin Film Prepared on Polyethylene Terephthalate
Authors: Furusawa Shin Ichi , Fukuda Yuuki
Published: November 2020

β-AgI thin films with thicknesses of 0.09–8.9 µm were prepared on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. Dependence of ionic conductivity on the thickness of the β-AgI thin film was measured via impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range of 300–330 K. It has been confirmed that the ionic conductivity of the b-AgI thin film is several hundred times higher than the b-AgI bulk. The enhancement of ionic conductivity is considered to be due to the formation of a high ion-conducting region near the hetero-interface region of b-AgI and PET. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the activation energy and carrier density may change depending on the distance from the interface, and the thickness dependence of enhancement in ionic conductivity may be related to the film thickness dependence of crystal orientation and structural disorder of β-AgI thin films.
Community engagement in the Faculty of Health Science: A concept analysis
Authors: Nuuyoma Vistolina , Makhene Agnes
Published: November 2020

Background: Community engagement has been given different interpretations by scholars and organisations; in addition, current scientific literature has not reached a consensus on how it is defined. This difference in conceptualisation may lead to confusion regarding the meaning. The researcher observed that academic staff from the Faculty of Health Science at an institution of higher education in Namibia are not certain of what counts as community engagement. This has led to some activities from the faculty being cancelled from the institutional review reports as they were not recognised as community engagement.Aim: The aim of this article is to describe the concept analysis of community engagement.Setting: the study took place at a faculty of health science at a university in Namibia.Method: Concept analysis was done in accordance with the eight steps of the Walker and Avant model. A literature search was conducted to capture all potential definitions and uses of community engagement. A total of 225 definitions and uses of community engagement were recorded and used in the concept analysis. A list of definitions and uses of the concept of community engagement were documented with their citations, in a table with three columns. The first column (analysis) consisted of the identified definitions and uses of community engagement from the relevant literature. The second column (synthesis) consisted of reduced statements of the content presented in the first column. The third column (derivation) consisted of the final reduction into categories and connotations derived from the second column.Findings: Three broad categories were revealed as findings: (1) the antecedents of community engagement, which included community challenges, health inequalities, societal needs and the need for a social responsive approach in education, research and services; (2) a three-phase process of community engagement; and (3) the outcomes of community engagement. A theoretical definition and a conceptual map for the concept of community engagement were drawn from the findings.Recommendation: The results of the concept analysis of community engagement will be used to develop strategies for its facilitation in the Faculty of Health Science.
The questions for post-apartheid South African missiology in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Baron Eugene
Published: November 2020

South African missiology has seen a shift in its praxis since the late 20th century. David J. Bosch made a crucial contribution in this regard. The shift includes mission as a contextualised praxis and agency. In mission studies, agency has become necessary in postcolonial mission, primarily because of the loss of identity of the oppressed in colonised countries. Through contextual theologies of liberation, African theology, Black Theology of Liberation and postcolonial studies, theologians were able to reflect on the human dignity of the colonised. However, there are still significant efforts needed in this quest, and therefore, the praxis cycle used in missiology is useful to also assess effects on the oppressed and marginalised through the emerging context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). In the task of doing mission in the world differently, the questions that missiologists ask are important. The emergence of the 4IR aims to merge the biological with the technological and will bring more challenges to mission work in Africa. This will bring upon us the responsibility to reflect on the notion of human agency, the theologies espoused in such a time and missiologists’ contextual lenses and strategies employed. These should have to be carefully considered especially in a post-apartheid context. The researcher will, therefore, use the commonly used praxis cycle in missiological research to explore through a Socratic (questioning) approach what the implications will be for missiologists and mission agents in the quest of transforming church and the post-apartheid society.Contribution: Though there has emerged a few theological contributions from missiology, there has not been a missiological contribution on the 4IR. The author therefore uses one of the theological methods in the discipline to put on the table the imperative questions that those doing missiological research should pose in the context of the 4IR.