bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age‐related changes in autonomic response: A pupillary light reflex and heart rate variability study
Authors: Bril Paroz Roberta , Barak Lanciano Sapir , Omelchenko Alex , Nussinovitch Udi
Published: December 2022

Background

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction has been implicated with cardiovascular diseases, sudden‐cardiac‐death, and aging. The pupillary light reflex (PLR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are noninvasive tools of autonomic evaluation. However, the former remains underutilized in clinical practice.

Purpose

We investigated the relationship between PLR, HRV, and aging to determine the normal distribution of age‐adjusted PLR and HRV measurements and to determine which method is best correlated with age.

Methods

Healthy participants aged 18–65 years were recruited. Following a dark adaptation period, pupillary reactivity parameters were collected using an automated, commercial pupillometer. HRV measurements were derived using a high‐resolution electrocardiogram. Correlations of PLR and HRV parameters to age were computed using linear‐regression analysis.

Results

A total of 111 healthy participants were included. Older age was correlated with lower maximum and minimum pupillary diameters following dark adaptation and illumination (R = −0.51, p < 0.001 and R = −0.47, p < 0.001, respectively). Average constriction and dilatation velocity were correlated with age (R = 0.33, p < 0.001 and R = −0.21, p = 0.025, respectively). HRV parameters were also associated inversely with age (SDNN; R = −0.31, p < 0.001 and RMSSD; R = −0.33, p < 0.001). Other parameters showed lower significance levels.

Conclusion

Pupillary light reflex measurements demonstrated stronger age correlation than short‐term HRV time‐domain indices. Due to its merit in depicting normal age‐related ANS changes, PLR can be utilized to differentiate between pathological and physiological deviations from age‐adjusted norms, seemingly better than HRV. Further research is warranted on incorporating PLR‐based ANS dysfunction evaluation and monitoring the increasingly aging population.
Greed is good: Heuristic adaptations for resilience in renewable resource management
Authors: Ni Yuanming , Sandal Leif K. , Kvamsdal Sturla F.
Published: December 2022

Decision problems may be subject to objectives or constraints that make the formal model intractable. We propose an adaptive and pragmatic approach to address such nonstandard objectives or constraints, where these are first circumvented for feasibility, then accounted for through heuristics. One example is managing risk and resilience in a natural system facing uncertainty. Our procedure is exemplified in a predator‐prey fisheries system where a reference policy that maximizes expected profits implies a risk of prey stock collapse. The reference policy includes a no‐fishing section for the prey and harvest beyond myopic catch for the predator in parts of state space. We construct heuristic recovery plans, based on the reference policy, to reduce the risk of collapse by partly backing in the auxiliary objective. Under the heuristic policies, system resilience is enhanced with limited economic losses. Via Monte Carlo simulations, we calculate viability probabilities as measures of improved resilience and employ dynamic programming to assess value losses.
Classification and surgical treatment methods for partial traumatic upper lip deformity
Authors: Gao Ya , Wang Jian , Gao Zhen , Zhou Jia
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Establish a classification method for partial traumatic upper lip deformity and verify the classified repair method is superior to the traditional non‐classified method.

Subjects and Methods

Lip deformities caused by partial tissue defects of less than one‐third of total lip length were classified into three types and conducted corresponding surgery based on philtrum ridge and orbicularis oris muscle involvement as well as the extent of roll line discontinuity. In this review, 42 cases were non‐classified historical controls before the classification was devised, and 67 cases were classified. Data were collected 12 months after surgery. The pre‐ and post‐operative data of all patients were compared.

Results

In classified patients, the scar width decreased significantly, from 3.1 ± 0.6 mm to 1.2 ± 0.2 mm; the height difference of the groove line was significantly reduced from 3.3 ± 0.9 mm to 0.9 ± 0.1 mm; the ratio of the vermilion area of the affected to healthy side decreased significantly from 1.37 ± 0.31 to 1.05 ± 0.17; the ratio of the lip peak height of the affected to healthy side in type III decreased significantly from 1.91 ± 0.32 to 1.07 ± 0.12; patient satisfaction rate was about 98.5 percent.

Conclusions

Clinical outcomes showed significant improvement of lip aesthetics with a high patient satisfaction rate in the classified group than the non‐classified group.
Lower masticatory function relates to cognitive health and intrinsic brain network in older adults
Authors: Lin Chia‐Shu , Chang Wen‐Ju , Fuh Jong‐Ling
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Mastication is associated with brain activation at the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the primary motor cortex (M1). Masticatory functions differ between patients with cognitive impairment (CI) and cognitively healthy older adults (non‐CI). The association between cognitive health, brain network of functional connectivity, and mastication has remained unknown. The study investigated the association between masticatory performance (MP) and the topological feature of the functional network at the M1 and S1 in the CI and non‐CI groups.

Subjects and Methods

Forty‐nine non‐CI and 15 CI subjects received resting‐state (rs) fMRI and assessment of MP. The topological feature of the M1 and S1 was quantified by eigenvector centrality (EC), an index that reflects a brain region as a functional “hub” of brain network.

Results

In the non‐CI group, MP was significantly correlated with EC of the left M1 and the right M1. The correlation was not statistically significant in the CI group. Cognitive status (CI or non‐CI) and EC of the left M1 and the right M1, respectively, were statistically significant predictors to individual MP.

Conclusion

Cognitive status and the topological feature of the M1 in the intrinsic functional network may contribute to the individual difference in masticatory function.
Association between axial spondyloarthritis and temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review
Authors: de Melo‐Silva Elma Mariana Verçosa , Valdez Remberto Argandoña , da Barbosa‐Silva Izabella Maria , Chateaubriand Marina Moura , Duarte Angela Luzia Branco Pinto , Gueiros Luiz Alcino
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to assess the frequency of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) compared with the healthy individuals. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases from their inception until 2022, without language restriction. A standardized dataset was used to extract data from the observational studies. Patients were required to have axial spondyloarthritis and clinical and/or radiographic evidence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Meta‐analysis was performed with a random effects model. A systematic review was registered under number CRD42020206283. We identified seven relevant studies, which provided data for 745 patients and 216 temporomandibular disorders events. The combined odds ratio (OR) showed that the risk of temporomandibular disorders in individuals with axial spondyloarthritis was higher than the control group (pooled OR = 5.26, 95% CI 2.50–11, 06; p < 0.02; I2 = 58%). Also, these individuals do not appear to refer possible temporomandibular joint symptoms to the rheumatologist or dentist. The results of this systematic review and meta‐analysis suggest that patients with axial spondyloarthritis have an increased frequency of temporomandibular disorders. TMDs seem to be secondary to postural alterations rather than direct involvement of the temporomandibular joints (TMJs).
Biotic filters driving the differentiation of decomposer, epiphytic and pathogenic phyllosphere fungi across plant species
Authors: Pajares‐Murgó Mariona , Garrido José L. , Perea Antonio J. , López‐García Álvaro , Alcántara Julio M.
Published: December 2022

The phyllosphere is a wide and complex ecosystem that provides a key support for microbial diversity. Fungal communities inhabiting the leaf are functionally variable and play important roles on plant performance. Factors conditioning the arrival and colonization of fungal communities will determine the phyllosphere fungal composition. Plant identity, leaf functional traits and host plant phylogeny have been shown to be regulators of the microbial colonization of the leaves, and can be considered as biotic filters determining the assembly of phyllosphere fungal communities. By high‐throughput sequencing we analysed the phyllosphere fungal communities from 38 Mediterranean woody plant species in two forests of south‐eastern Iberian Peninsula. We analysed the effect of plant species and site on fungal community composition. We also tested the effect of leaf functional traits and plant phylogeny on plant species differences in their fungal communities, and on the structure of the plant–fungus interaction network. Plant species account for a larger proportion than site in the variability of the composition of phyllosphere fungal communities. Leaf traits and host phylogeny influence the arrival and colonization of phyllosphere fungal communities across plant species. Plants with pubescent leaves and phylogenetically closer harbour more similar communities of decomposers, pathogens and epiphytes. Leaf habit (i.e. evergreen versus deciduous) also influences the community composition of decomposer and epiphytic fungi. Leaf carbon, leaf water content and leaf mass per area affect differentially each functional guild. Plant–fungus interaction networks present a modular structure in which plants belonging to the same module share more fungal species and are phylogenetically closer. We provide evidence that even though phyllosphere fungal communities are complex ecosystems, fungi with contrasting relationships with the plant (decomposers, epiphytes and pathogens) respond similarly to a common subset of leaf traits that impose physical limitations to the assembly of phyllosphere fungal communities.
Chemoproteomic profiling of O‐GlcNAcylated proteins and identification of O‐GlcNAc transferases in rice
Authors: Li Xilong , Lei Cong , Song Qitao , Bai Lin , Cheng Bo , Qin Ke , Li Xiang , Ma Boyuan , Wang Bing , Zhou Wen , Chen Xing , Li Jiayang
Published: December 2022

O‐linked β‐N‐acetylglucosaminylation (O‐GlcNAcylation) is a ubiquitous post‐translation modification occurring in both animals and plants. Thousands of proteins along with their O‐GlcNAcylation sites have been identified in various animal systems, yet the O‐GlcNAcylated proteomes in plants remain poorly understood. Here, we report a large‐scale profiling of protein O‐GlcNAcylation in a site‐specific manner in rice. We first established the metabolic glycan labelling (MGL) strategy with N‐azidoacetylgalactosamine (GalNAz) in rice seedlings, which enabled incorporation of azides as a bioorthogonal handle into O‐GlcNAc. By conjugation of the azide‐incorporated O‐GlcNAc with alkyne‐biotin containing a cleavable linker via click chemistry, O‐GlcNAcylated proteins were selectively enriched for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. A total of 1591 unambiguous O‐GlcNAcylation sites distributed on 709 O‐GlcNAcylated proteins were identified. Additionally, 102 O‐GlcNAcylated proteins were identified with their O‐GlcNAcylation sites located within serine/threonine‐enriched peptides, causing ambiguous site assignment. The identified O‐GlcNAcylated proteins are involved in multiple biological processes, such as transcription, translation and plant hormone signalling. Furthermore, we discovered two O‐GlcNAc transferases (OsOGTs) in rice. By expressing OsOGTs in Escherichia coli and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, we confirmed their OGT enzymatic activities and used them to validate the identified rice O‐GlcNAcylated proteins. Our dataset provides a valuable resource for studying O‐GlcNAc biology in rice, and the MGL method should facilitate the identification of O‐GlcNAcylated proteins in various plants.
Assessing pain catastrophizing and functional disability in pediatric epidermolysis bullosa patients
Authors: Rangu Sneha , Collins Jessica , García‐Romero Maria Teresa , Augsburger Bret D. , Bruckner Anna L. , Diaz Lucia Z. , Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Faig Walter , Gorell Emily S. , Lefferdink Rachel , Lucky Anne W. , Morel Kimberly D. , Paller Amy S. , Park Helen , Pastrana‐Arellano Elena , Peoples Kathleen , Wiss Karen , Perman Marissa J. , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie
Published: December 2022

Background/Objectives

The primary objective was to assess pain catastrophizing and functional disability in pediatric patients with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and their parents/guardians. Secondary objectives included examining relationships between pain catastrophizing, functional disability, and correlations with other factors (e.g., age, disease severity, and percent of body surface area (BSA) involved).

Methods

Patients with EB ages 8–16 and their parents/guardians who were English or Spanish speaking completed a one‐time online survey. Parent measures included: demographics questionnaire, Pain Catastrophizing Scale‐Parent (PCS), and Parent Functional Disability Inventory (FDI). Child measures included: PCS child and child FDI. Higher scores on both scales indicate higher levels of catastrophizing and functional disability.

Results

Of 31 children, the mean age was 11.47 years and the majority (70.97%) had dystrophic EB. Mean scores were: 35.84 = PCS parent; 34.58 = PCS child; 30.87 = parent FDI; 29.77 = child FDI. Total scores for PCS parent, parent FDI, and child FDI increased significantly with disease severity and percentage of involved BSA (p < .01 for all). Total scores for PCS child increased significantly with percent of EB skin involvement (p = .04) but not disease severity. Older children reported more functional disability than their parents and younger children (p = .02).

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate significant positive correlations between negative thoughts related to pain and the experience of functional difficulties in patients with EB and their caregivers. Psychological, psychiatric, and/or behavioral interventions to help managing chronic pain may be effective for patients with EB.
Incidence of healthcare‐associated urinary tract infections in Thai children
Authors: Mongkonsritragoon Wimwipa , Anugulruengkitt Suvaporn , Chanakul Ankanee
Published: December 2022

Background

Urinary tract infection is one of the commonest types of healthcare‐associated infections. There are currently limited data regarding the incidence and characteristics of healthcare‐associated urinary tract infections (HA‐UTIs) in children. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of HA‐UTIs and their characteristics and associated risk factors.

Methods

A case‐control study was performed from 2016 to 2020 on children under 15 years old who were diagnosed with HA‐UTI. Patients who had HA‐UTI were compared with non‐UTI patients. The incidence rate of HA‐UTIs was calculated and reported as events per 1000 patient days. Potential associated risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Eighty cases and 80 controls were included in the study. The incidence of HA‐UTIs was 0.32 events per 1000 patient days. The median time to UTI was 18 days. The most common causative organism was Escherichia coli (43.2%) and the rates of third‐generation cephalosporin resistance and carbapenem resistance were 75.6% and 4.9%, respectively. Admission longer than 7 days (OR = 21.61, 95% CI: 6.30–74.11; p < 0.001), neurogenic bladder (OR = 26.24, 95% CI: 3.77–182.87; p < 0.001), mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.60, 95% CI: 1.23–10.54; p = 0.019), and immunosuppressants (OR = 2.59; 95% CI: 1.01–6.60; p = 0.047) were the risk factors significantly associated with HA‐UTIs.

Conclusions

The incidence of HA‐UTIs was low in this single‐center experience. Identifying patients with the risk factor is imperative for preventing the development of HA‐UTIs.
Appeals to Consensus and Partisan Politics in Parliamentary Discourse on the Pandemic
Authors: Figgou Lia , Andreouli Eleni
Published: December 2022

This article explores constructions of consensus and unity and their potential implications on partisan politics and democratic decision making in parliamentary discourse on the management of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Greece. The analytic corpus consists of transcripts of three debates on COVID‐19 management in the Greek parliament, conducted in the period from April 2020 to October 2021. Analysis using tools and concepts of rhetorical and discursive psychology indicated that consensus was constructed as agreement on hard data, as compliance with health experts, and as national unity, and it was counterposed to partisan politics. Nevertheless, at the same time, appeals to consensus constituted a resource mobilized in the service of partisan politics, as both government and opposition parties appealed to the need of agreement in order to warrant their position and to ward off the position of opponents. The rhetoric of consensus, however, included the seeds of disagreement, since while its necessity was collaboratively accomplished, its parameters and boundaries were challenged. The implications of these findings for democratic governance and political decision making are pinpointed.
Towards thoughtful planning of ERP studies: How participants, trials, and effect magnitude interact to influence statistical power across seven ERP components
Authors: Jensen Kyle M. , MacDonald Justin A.
Published: December 2022

In the field of EEG, researchers generally rely on rules of thumb, rather than a priori statistical calculations, when planning the number of trials to include in an ERP study. To aid in this practice, studies have tried to establish minimum numbers of trials required to reliably isolate ERPs. However, these guidelines do not necessarily apply across different study designs, as the reliability of an ERP waveform is not the same as the statistical power of a given experiment. Experiment parameters such as number of participants, trials, and effect magnitude interact to affect power in complex ways. Both under‐ and over‐powered ERP studies represent a waste of time and resources that impedes the progress of the field. The current study fills this gap by subsampling real ERP data to estimate the relationship between experiment design parameters and statistical power. The simulations include seven commonly studied ERP components: the ERN, LRP, N170, MMN, P3, N2pc, and N400. In the first set of experiments, we determined the probability of obtaining a statistically significant ERP effect for each component. In the second and third set of experiments, we determined the probability of obtaining a statistically significant difference in ERP amplitude within and between groups for each component. Results indicate that the rules of thumb for ERP experiment design in the literature often lead to underpowered studies. Going forward, these results provide researchers with experiment design guidelines that are specific to the component under study, allowing for the design of sufficiently powered ERP studies.
Mineral nutrition in penaeid shrimp
Authors: Truong Ha H. , Hines Barney M. , Emerenciano Maurício G. , Blyth David , Berry Sarah , Noble Tansyn H. , Bourne Nicholas A. , Wade Nicholas , Rombenso Artur N. , Simon Cedric J.
Published: December 2022

This review summarises the current knowledge of mineral nutrition for penaeid shrimp. It investigates how the aquatic environment and the lifecycle of shrimp affect requirements and the role that minerals play in shrimp health. Methods of supplying minerals via either water or to feed, and novel ways of supplementing minerals within feed, are discussed. The requirements for individual minerals are summarised with recommendations for minimum levels of dietary inclusion for semi‐intensive and intensive commercial shrimp culture presented where data permits. Estimates of dietary requirement remain broad for most minerals for the main shrimp production species (Penaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon and Penaeus japonicus), with some essential minerals remaining unstudied (Table 2 in Section 5.10). Mineral nutrition will become more important as intensification and diversification of production systems provide new challenges to shrimp aquaculture.
Calcite‐cemented concretions in non‐marine sandstones: An integrated study of outcrop sedimentology, petrography and clumped isotopes
Authors: Cao Binfeng , Luo Xiaorong , Wang Xu , Zhang Liqiang , Shi Hui
Published: December 2022

Calcite‐cemented concretions can reduce reservoir quality and form important low‐permeability baffles for fluid flow in sandstone hydrocarbon carrier beds/reservoirs. Understanding the origin and distribution patterns of concretions has important implications for characterizing reservoir heterogeneity and developing fields. The origin of calcite concretions in non‐marine sandstones lacking detrital carbonate to source the cement is poorly studied. The practical difficulty of obtaining the precipitation temperature of the concretions prevents the precise determination of the source of cement components, solute flux, pore water type and the geochemical microenvironments in which cement precipitated. Carbonate clumped isotope thermometry can give unique constraints to the temperature of concretionary cement precipitation. This study focused on outcrops of the Lower Cretaceous non‐marine Qingshuihe Formation in the Urho area, on the north‐western margin of the Junggar Basin (West China). Four depositional facies associations were recognized, corresponding to channel, mid‐channel bar, abandoned channel and overbank floodplain environments. Calcite concretions occur only in sandstones and include spherical, ellipsoidal and tabular forms. They are isolated and/or mutually aligned in layers that tend to be either at the top, base, or within channel and mid‐channel sand bodies. The clumped isotope temperatures for the concretionary calcite range from 31 to 45°C with a standard error of <3°C. The calcite has highly variable, low δ13C values ranging from −16.91 ± 0.01 to −2.93 ± 0.02‰ (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite). The 13C‐depleted bicarbonate source was linked to biodegradation of migrated oils at shallow burial owing to tectonic uplift and erosion. Calcite δ18O values are very consistent and fall between −12.30 ± 0.04 to −9.79 ± 0.31‰ (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite). Introduction of meteoric water was a dominant mechanism for the pronounced 18O‐depletion in the oxygen isotopes of pore water, along with water–rock interaction during alteration of volcaniclastic materials in sandstones. Meteoric groundwater flushed the Qingshuihe sandstones as confined aquifers down the regional palaeo‐slope, biodegrading the migrated oils and enabling a sufficient solute flux for precipitation of concretions.
Does sand promote or hinder the mobility of cohesive sediment gravity flows?
Authors: Baker Megan L. , Baas Jaco H.
Published: December 2022

Sediment gravity flows exhibit a large range of flow behaviours, making their flow dynamics hard to predict and the resulting deposits a challenge to interpret. Cohesive sediment gravity flows containing clay are particularly complex, as their behaviour is controlled by the balance of turbulent and cohesive forces. A first set of laboratory lock‐exchange experiments investigated the effect of adding 25% very fine sand by volume to high‐density cohesive sediment gravity flows with strongly suppressed turbulence. This caused these mixed clay–sand flows to become more cohesive, have shorter runout distances, and have lower head velocities than the original pure‐clay flows, despite the increase in density difference and the non‐cohesive properties of the sand. Yield stress measurements confirmed that adding the non‐cohesive very fine sand increases the cohesive strength of dense clay suspensions. This higher cohesive strength outcompetes the enhanced density difference and reduces the flow mobility. A second set of experiments across a larger range of clay concentrations showed that, for low‐density cohesive sediment gravity flows dominated by turbulent mixing, the addition of 25% very fine sand increased the head velocities because of the enhanced density difference and weak cohesive forces. Thus, the addition of very fine sand may increase or decrease the mobility of cohesive sediment gravity flows, depending on the initial type of flow and the balance between turbulent and cohesive forces. In the natural environment, this study proposes that very fine sand can only increase the cohesive strength and reduce the flow mobility of cohesive sediment gravity flows that have a sufficiently strong matrix strength to fully support the sand particles. The contribution of very fine sand to the cohesive strength of high‐density cohesive sediment gravity flows may have important implications for flow transformation on submarine fans, especially in distal regions where transient–turbulent, cohesive flows are particularly common.
Do sport teams with greater team resilience perceive higher performance at the end of the season? A multilevel analysis
Authors: López‐Gajardo Miguel A. , McEwan Desmond , Pulido Juan J. , Díaz‐García Jesús , Leo Francisco M.
Published: December 2022

A team's ability to respond positively to adversities, problems, and obstacles during their season is an essential part of success in collective sports. Grounded in team resilience theory and using a multilevel analytical approach, this study examined the relationship of the characteristics of resilience and vulnerability under pressure with perceived individual and team performance. Participants were 676 soccer players (530 males and 146 females) aged 15–42 years (M = 21.40, SD = 5.38), who played on 64 senior and under‐18 soccer teams of several national leagues in Spain. In the final month of the season, factors related to team resilience and individual and team performance were analyzed. We estimated multilevel models by including perceived individual and team performance as dependent variables. Characteristics of resilience and vulnerability under pressure were considered as fixed and random effects (i.e., individual‐ and team‐level intercepts and slopes). At the individual level, results showed that characteristics of resilience were positively associated with subjective individual and team performance, whereas vulnerability under pressure was negatively related to perceived team (but not individual) performance. At the team level, only characteristics of resilience positively predicted team performance. These findings suggest that more resilient teams report more successful performance from an individual and team perspective, whereas teams that are more vulnerable under pressure report poorer team performance. Taken together, the study underscores the importance of practitioners to develop strategies that improve their teams' resilience, given that team resilience helps to achieve positive subjective individual and team outcomes.
Joint associations of physical activity and sedentary time with body mass index: A prospective study of mortality risk
Authors: Tarp Jakob , Rossen Jenny , Ekelund Ulf , Dohrn Ing‐Mari
Published: December 2022

Device‐measured physical activity and sedentary time are suggested to be more important determinants of all‐cause mortality compared to body mass index (BMI) in mainly older adults. However, the joint associations of physical activity and sedentary time with BMI in relation to mortality risk in relatively healthy middle‐aged individuals are unclear. We followed 770 adults (56% women, mean age 55.6 years) from a population‐based cohort study for up to 15.3 years. BMI categories were combined with tertiles of total, light, and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity and sedentary time. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HR) of all‐cause mortality with 95% confidence intervals (CI). High total and light intensity physical activity and low sedentary time were associated with a lower risk of mortality in normal weight individuals compared with low active overweight/obese; HR: 0.35 (CI: 0.14, 0.86), HR: 0.33 (CI: 0.12, 0.89), and HR: 0.34 (CI: 0.13, 0.92). Among overweight/obese individuals, those who were medium active in light physical activity had a lower mortality risk, HR: 0.36 (CI: 0.15, 0.83), compared with low active. Medium sedentary individuals had a lower risk, HR: 0.43 (CI: 0.20, 0.94) compared with those who were most sedentary. Associations among the most active or least sedentary tertiles were similar irrespective of BMI category. In conclusion, higher physical activity and lower sedentary time were associated with lower mortality risk irrespective of BMI. Physical activity should be promoted and prescribed to individuals with low physical activity levels irrespective of weight status.
Large landslide of the hyperarid Central Western Andes triggered during a humid period of the Late Pleistocene (ca. 19°S; northern Chile)
Authors: Zerathe Swann , Audin Laurence , Robert Xavier , Schwartz Stéphane , Carcaillet Julien
Published: December 2022

The western flank of the Central Andes offers a unique geomorphological record of large paleolandslides that are well preserved on long time‐scales (i.e. ≥Pleistocene) due to the long‐lasting aridity of this region. However, the lack of chronological constraints on those landslides limits our understanding of the respective role of tectonics and climate on their triggering. Here, we report new 10Be surface exposure dating obtained on one of those giant slope‐failures: the Limaxina landslide (northern Chile, 19°S). Five tightly grouped exposure‐ages (one outlier discarded) point to a single landslide failure at 80 ± 4 ka. This timing being consistent with others local records of a wet episode in the Atacama Desert, it suggests a primary role of climate‐forcing on landslide activity in this region, calling to further slope failures dating in the arid Central western Andes to explore landscapes responses to Quaternary climate oscillations and extreme events.
‘Thin’ Regional Identities: Economic Instrumentality or Pathway to Thickness? The Case of the Pearl River Delta
Authors: Lu Haiyan , Braun Erik , de Jong Martin , Song Yun , Zhao Miaoxi
Published: December 2022

Against the background of regional development, this article analyses the rise and fall of ‘thin identities’, which tend to be utilitarian and deployed to promote regional development. We focus on two constructed regional identities in the Greater Pearl River Delta (GPRD) in China: Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA). We analyse the adoption of these identities through news items published in newspapers in both China's Mainland and Hong Kong. The results show that both economic and political events influence the adoption of thin identities, first PRD and then GBA. In the content analysis of news items, we investigate the pathways to their adoption and possible evolution towards thickness (broader social and cultural embeddedness) by distinguishing economic, political, social, and cultural topics. The wish of policymakers to adopt new thin identities, however, does affect the credibility of existing thick ones, a point deserving of serious consideration.
Diagnostic accuracy of rotavirus antigen tests in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hung Pei‐Jung , Chen Cheng‐Chieh
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Rotavirus infection is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. Children with rotavirus infection may have symptoms such as diarrhoea or vomiting. Diarrheal diseases caused by rotavirus and other enteric pathogens cannot be differentiated on the basis of clinical symptoms. Therefore, diagnostic testing is essential to confirm a diagnosis of rotavirus infection. The aim of the meta‐analysis is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of immunochromatographic rotavirus antigen tests in children.

Methods

We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases for studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of antigen tests for rotavirus in children. We included studies that provided sufficient data to construct a 2 × 2 table on a per patient basis. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the antigen tests were determined using a bivariate random‐effects model.

Results

In total, 12 studies with 4407 participants were included in the study. The meta‐analysis yielded a pooled sensitivity of 89.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.4%–95.3%) and pooled specificity of 93.2% (95% CI: 83.8%–97.3%). A subgroup analysis of such tests in children aged ≤5 years yielded a pooled sensitivity of 87.1% and pooled specificity of 91.8%. Another subgroup analysis of high‐quality studies involving 820 participants yielded a pooled sensitivity of 92.3% and pooled specificity of 95.2%.

Conclusions

Rotavirus antigen tests have high sensitivity for the diagnosis of rotavirus infection in children with AGE. In addition, such tests may be effective for the identification and clinical management of rotavirus infection in children and the prevention of disease progression.
The chromosome‐scale assembly of the Salvia rosmarinus genome provides insight into carnosic acid biosynthesis
Authors: Han Danlu , Li Wenliang , Hou Zhuangwei , Lin Chufang , Xie Yun , Zhou Xiaofang , Gao Yuan , Huang Junwen , Lai Jianbin , Wang Li , Zhang Liangsheng , Yang Chengwei
Published: December 2022

Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) is considered a sacred plant because of its special fragrance and is commonly used in cooking and traditional medicine. Here, we report a high‐quality chromosome‐level assembly of the S. rosmarinus genome of 1.11 Gb in size; the genome has a scaffold N50 value of 95.5 Mb and contains 40 701 protein‐coding genes. In contrast to other diploid Labiataceae, an independent whole‐genome duplication event occurred in S. rosmarinus at approximately 15 million years ago. Transcriptomic comparison of two S. rosmarinus cultivars with contrasting carnosic acid (CA) content revealed 842 genes significantly positively associated with CA biosynthesis in S. rosmarinus. Many of these genes have been reported to be involved in CA biosynthesis previously, such as genes involved in the mevalonate/methylerythritol phosphate pathways and CYP71‐coding genes. Based on the genomes and these genes, we propose a model of CA biosynthesis in S. rosmarinus. Further, comparative genome analysis of the congeneric species revealed the species‐specific evolution of CA biosynthesis genes. The genes encoding diterpene synthase and the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family of CA synthesis‐associated genes form a biosynthetic gene cluster (CPSs–KSLs–CYP76AHs) responsible for the synthesis of leaf and root diterpenoids, which are located on S. rosmarinus chromosomes 1 and 2, respectively. Such clustering is also observed in other sage (Salvia) plants, thus suggesting that genes involved in diterpenoid synthesis are conserved in the Labiataceae family. These findings provide new insights into the synthesis of aromatic terpenoids and their regulation.
Immobilised by the pandemic: Filipino domestic workers and seafarers in the time of COVID‐19
Authors: Banta Vanessa , Pratt Geraldine
Published: December 2022

This paper documents the experiences of two different groups of ‘essential’ Filipino migrant workers during the pandemic: female domestic workers and male seafarers, each confined in new ways in their work/home situations and spaces. These two categories of workers make up a large proportion of migrants within the Philippines' extensive export labour economy. For domestic workers, the Canadian government virtually stopped processing applications for permanent resident status. Held in limbo in their temporary work status, many domestic workers experienced increased employer control over their movements and their bodies. Seafarers have been no less immobilised, disallowed from leaving their workplace (their ship) when in port or within the normal and expected work period of 9 months at sea. Extended ‘shifts’ at sea for some seafarers have left other seafarers at home, waiting in the Philippines in precarious situations of loss of income and mounting debt. In the case of both domestic workers and seafarers, the pandemic and a range of state and international regulatory failures and/or gaps have placed temporary workers into new conditions of precarity and into intensified experiences of immobility. We also show how their immobilisation as precarious workers reverberates throughout their families, and across the globe.
A criterion for density of the isoperiodic leaves in rank one affine invariant orbifolds
Authors: Ygouf Florent
Published: December 2022

We define on any affine invariant orbifold a foliation that generalizes the isoperiodic foliation on strata of the moduli space of translation surfaces and study the dynamics of its leaves in the rank 1 case. We establish a criterion that ensures the density of the leaves and provide two applications of this criterion. The first one is a classification of the dynamical behavior of the leaves of when is a connected component of a Prym eigenform locus in genus 2 or 3 and the second provides the first examples of dense isoperiodic leaves in the stratum .
Treasures of Staraya Ryazan’: Two Hundred Years of Research and New Discoveries
Authors: Chernetsov A. V.
Published: December 2022

This article is dedicated to study of the jewelry craft of Staraya Ryazan’. It has been prepared for the 200th anniversary of the discovery of the first hoard there (1822), which marked the beginning of the study of ancient Russian towns, the most important area in the science of Russian antiquities. The marks of the individual style of a craftsman who served representatives of the princely family (interpretation of the images of animals, birds, anthropomorphic figures, and elements of ornamentation, as well as features of the technique) are considered. Jewelry made by him was found in four hoards (1950, 1966, 1970, and 2005). The hoard of 2013, in addition to jewelry, included raw materials and tools of the jeweler (bronze matrices). The number of the matrices indicates that they were intended for several workshops. Some data show that a large grand ducal jewelry workshop was located near the place of the find.
Monetary Circulation in the Soviet Union during the Late 1980s and Early 1990s: In Search of a Way out of the Crisis
Authors: Kirsanov R. G.
Published: December 2022

In the early 1990s, strengthening the monetary system and increasing the role of money in the development of the national economy were important conditions for the transition of the Soviet Union to the foundations of a market economy. As is known, stabilization of monetary circulation and reduction of inflationary processes can be achieved both through the implementation of monetary and anti-inflationary policies and through the implementation of monetary reform. This is the kind of reform that was carried out in the Soviet Union in early 1991.
The Red Army’s Plans in Documents of German Intelligence Agencies Prior to Operation Citadel
Authors: Zamulin V. N.
Published: December 2022

Previously unstudied documents of the Wehrmacht for 1943 are examined. The documents, kept in the Federal Archives of Germany, are used to analyze the activities of Foreign Armies East, an intelligence branch of the German army’s General Staff, in processing intelligence information from special services and preparing reports for the Supreme Command and personally for Adolf Hitler during the conceptual development and planning of Operation Citadel, the key operation in the summer campaign of 1943.
Golden Details of a Funeral Wreath and Clothing from the Roman Time Bosporan Crypt: X-ray and Mass Spectrometric Studies
Authors: Antipenko A. V. , Rukavishnikova I. V. , Beilin D. V. , Smekalova T. N. , Loboda A. Yu. , Guryeva P. V. , Kovalenko E. S. , Mandrykina A. V. , Ismagulov A. M. , Tereschenko E. Yu. , Yatsishina E. B.
Published: December 2022

The results of a comprehensive study present the details of the funeral wreath and clothing from the crypt of the Roman period in the area of the modern Malyy Lane in the city of Kerch. A comparative analysis of the metal composition of similar items from synchronous sites of the Northern Black Sea region has been carried out. It has been established that the details of funeral wreaths and appliqués to them are made of a gold-silver alloy that can be easily worked, which was widely used in Roman times throughout the territory of the Bosporos. Items created in a local workshop for funeral vestments have traces of careless or not very skillful application of the image, and damage to the surface, as evidenced by X-ray tomography data.
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS): recurrent fetal cardiomyopathy and pseudo-TORCH syndrome
Authors: Panigrahy Nalinikanta , Bakhru Shweta , Lingappa Lokesh , Chirla Dinesh
Published: December 2022

Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) induces innate immune activation. It can present with cerebral calcifications and hepatosplenomegaly mimicking congenital infections. The present case report discusses the diagnosis and treatment of a case of fetal cardiomyopathy whose postnatal symptoms resembled TORCH (toxoplasmosis, other agents, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes and syphilis) infection. The mother had a history of two lost pregnancies due to fetal cardiomyopathy and the same was identified in the current pregnancy. At 34 weeks of gestation, the mother delivered a late preterm male neonate due to intrauterine growth restriction weighing 1590 g with respiratory distress and cardiomyopathy at birth. The neonate had cerebral calcifications, hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia. As the infant’s TORCH IgM titre was negative, pseudo-TORCH syndrome similar to AGS was suspected. Clinical exome sequencing of the parents and fetus identified no genes for hydrops fetalis or fetal cardiomyopathy; however, the AGSTREX1gene was identified in the neonate, while additional symptoms resembled TORCH infection. The neonate was discharged and has shown improvement with oral baricitinib treatment for the last 9 months.
Congenital sodium diarrhoea caused by rare de novo activating guanylate cyclase mutation
Authors: Bajracharya Surichhya , Stich Duane , Berman James , Biank Vincent
Published: December 2022

A male infant with prenatal history significant for polyhydramnios requiring multiple amnioreductions with suspicion of small bowel atresia was born at 31 weeks 5 days’ gestation with abdominal distension. He underwent three exploratory laparotomies and ileostomy for small bowel obstruction and was found to have fluid-filled intestinal dilatation. Serum and stool chemistries suggested sodium secretory diarrhoea. A rapid whole-exome sequencing confirmed de novo guanylate cyclase mutation variant as a cause for his congenital sodium secretory diarrhoea. He required large volume of fluid and electrolyte replacement along with total parenteral nutrition. Several medications to restore normal sodium homeostasis by targeting molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis described in previous literature failed to decrease stool output and electrolyte loss. He was discharged home at 11 months of age on total parenteral nutrition and weekly iron therapy.
Granular cell tumour in the ciliary body
Authors: Takeda Yoshiharu , Kaburaki Toshikatsu , Kakehashi Akihiro , Suzuki Shigenobu
Published: December 2022

Granular cell tumours (GCTs) are benign tumours that rarely develop in intraocular regions. We report a rare case of intraocular GCT in the ciliary body. A woman in her 20s with a history of bone marrow transplantation for malignant lymphoma in early childhood was referred to our department for bilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy. A yellowish-white ciliary tumour was observed in the temporal periphery of the patient’s left eye during routine ophthalmological examination. As the tumour enlarged, we performed total resection combined with vitrectomy, silicone oil tamponade and cataract surgery. Histopathological examination revealed tumour cells with small, round or oval nuclei with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Positive immunohistochemical staining for S-100 and vimentin led to a diagnosis of ciliary GCT. No retinal detachment, proliferative membrane formation or tumour recurrence was observed 4 years postoperatively. Intraocular GCT should be considered a differential diagnosis of ciliary tumours.
Cryosurgery of multiple haemangiomas of oral cavity
Authors: Ashokkumar Pavithran , Siroraj Pearlcid , Govindarajan Valanthan Veda Giri , Vegesana Krishnakumar Raja Bala Kiran
Published: December 2022

Haemangiomas of the oral cavity are common benign vascular tumours of infancy. Several treatment modalities are described for haemangiomas, including sclerotherapy, embolisation, laser surgery and cryotherapy. Cryotherapy is the application of varying extremes of low temperatures to destroy abnormal tissue. Since cryosurgery is effective, simple and easy to perform, it is used in the treatment of lesions in both medicine and dentistry. Cryosurgery provides many advantages such as easy operation, absence of intraoperative bleeding and low infection rate. In this case, the cryosurgical treatment of a young patient who suffered from multiple haemangiomas of the oral cavity that was refractory to medical treatment is presented.
Cluster analysis of Thai patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus to predict disease progression and treatment outcomes : A prospective cohort study
Authors: Preechasuk Lukana , Khaedon Naichanok , Lapinee Varisara , Tangjittipokin Watip , Srivanichakorn Weerachai , Sriwijitkamol Apiradee , Plengvidhya Nattachet , Likitmaskul Supawadee , Thongtang Nuntakorn
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is highly heterogeneous in disease progression and risk of complications. This study aimed to categorize Thai T2D into subgroups using variables that are commonly available based on routine clinical parameters to predict disease progression and treatment outcomes.

Research design and methods

This was a cohort study. Data-driven cluster analysis was performed using a Python program in patients with newly diagnosed T2D (n=721) of the Siriraj Diabetes Registry using five variables (age, body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)). Disease progression and risk of diabetic complications among clusters were compared using the Χ2and Kruskal-Wallis test. Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier curve were used to compare the time to diabetic complications and the time to insulin initiation.

Results

The mean age was 53.4±11.3 years, 58.9% were women. The median follow-up time was 21.1 months (9.2–35.2). Four clusters were identified: cluster 1 (18.6%): high HbA1c, low BMI (insulin-deficiency diabetes); cluster 2 (11.8%): high TG, low HDL-C, average age and BMI (metabolic syndrome group); cluster 3 (23.3%): high BMI, low HbA1c, young age (obesity-related diabetes); cluster 4 (46.3%): older age and low HbA1cat diagnosis (age-related diabetes). Patients in cluster 1 had the highest prevalence of insulin treatment. Patients in cluster 2 had the highest risk of diabetic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy. Patients in cluster 4 had the lowest prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and insulin use.

Conclusions

We were able to categorize Thai patients with newly diagnosed T2D into four clusters using five routine clinical parameters. This clustering method can help predict disease progression and risk of diabetic complications similar to previous studies using parameters including insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity markers.