bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contributions from populations and coherences in non-equilibrium entropy production
Authors: Varizi Adalberto D , Cipolla Mariana A , Perarnau-Llobet Martí , Drumond Raphael C , Landi Gabriel T
Published: May 2021

The entropy produced when a quantum system is driven away from equilibrium can be decomposed in two parts, one related with populations and the other with quantum coherences. The latter is usually based on the so-called relative entropy of coherence, a widely used quantifier in quantum resource theories. In this paper we argue that, despite satisfying fluctuation theorems and having a clear resource-theoretic interpretation, this splitting has shortcomings. First, it predicts that at low temperatures the entropy production will always be dominated by the classical term, irrespective of the quantum nature of the process. Second, for infinitesimal quenches, the radius of convergence diverges exponentially as the temperature decreases, rendering the functions non-analytic. Motivated by this, we provide here a complementary approach, where the entropy production is split in a way such that the contributions from populations and coherences are written in terms of a thermal state of a specially dephased Hamiltonian. The physical interpretation of our proposal is discussed in detail. We also contrast the two approaches by studying work protocols in a transverse field Ising chain, and a macrospin of varying dimension.
Renewable Energy: Potential, Status, Targets and Challenges in Rajasthan
Authors: Bhukya Muralidhar Nayak , Kumar Manish , Kant Akshat , Punit
Published: May 2021

India has a population of 1.3 billion people and one of largest growing economies in the world. Therefore, there is a strong demand of energy. Till date, the main source of energy is coal which is non renewable and harmful to the environment. Therefore, it is important and necessary to find an alternative source of energy. This indirectly drives us to focus on Renewable Energy Source, which has several advantages. The Ministry of National Renewable Energy (MNRE) has launched many schemes to encourage the domestic and commercial sector to use renewable energy sources. In India the state of Rajasthan is occupying 5th position in the production of electric power generation from Renewable Energy Sources like Solar, Wind and Biomass etc. Therefore this paper discusses the potential and opportunities of electric power generation through renewable energy in the state of Rajasthan.
Fault Detection using Real Time Tracking of Electronic Appliances in Homes & Corporate Offices using Change Detection Algorithm
Authors: Nampelli V R , Yalagi Dr Pratibha
Published: May 2021

In recent years, there is a remarkable rise in the use of electronic appliances in many homes and corporate offices. Such appliances include Air Conditioners, Smart Lights, Refrigerators, and CCTV Cameras, etc. To keep such appliances in a proper working condition, functional working of appliances needs to be checked. Changing the place of appliance, improper settings, cleaning of rooms, etc. lead appliances to failure. In proposed system sensors are used to track the functional working of appliances in real time or when there is a need arises to check working of the appliances before and after the maintenance is done. This sensor data is collected in database server. At database server, preprocessing of data is done to get accurate results. Then preprocessed sensor data are compared with the manufacturer’s data (sensor data when the appliance is in ideal working conditions). For comparison of sensor data with the manufacturer’s data, a Change Detection algorithm is used in the proposed system. The results of the Change Detection algorithm are shown in the form of graphs on the user interface at the server. This is accessed and analyzed using a mobile application in smartphones and a web browser in a desktop PC with, authorized login credentials provided to owners and technicians of appliances. This helps technician or the owner of appliance to identify the basic cause of appliance failure and do necessary repair whenever needed.
Video Content-Based Advertisement Recommendation System using Classification Technique of Machine Learning
Authors: Konapure R C , Lobo L M R J
Published: May 2021

Content-based advertising is a method by which we advertise on a video media based on a relevant topic assigned to the video. In digital advertising, the advertisements shown to a user is based on the user’s behaviour on the internet. Streaming platforms are then used to target audience based on parameters like user’s geo-location, interests, watch history, age, etc. In most cases, the advertisements shown are not relevant; an undesired impact is created. Content-based advertising helps to convey the message with increased efficiency and simultaneously optimizes its conversion rate. In this proposed system we take the video metadata as input and apply the NLP techniques for text classification which categories the video and assigns a relevant advertisement to it. The second module takes the video as an input. Thereafter the video is converted into N individual frames to tackle the video classification as an image classification problem. In this proposed system we train a Convolutional Neural Network to identify the topic of the video on an image dataset and compare its performance with a pre-trained model. We create the image dataset by downloading images from the internet. We also create a video advertisement’s dataset by web scrapping. This proposed system makes sure that the user is shown the advertisement in reference to the video. This increases probability of the user visiting the client’s website.
Implementation of Predictive Modelling Techniques for determining Exhaust Engine Emissions
Authors: Khurana Shivansh , Saxena Shubham , Jain Sanyam , Dixit Ankur
Published: May 2021

The world is going through the biggest change in modern world, the climate change. And this is majorly due to our utmost reliance over fossil fuels. Researchers, industrialists and scientists around the globe are trying to figure out the alternate energy sources or at least the ones with the least poisonous emissions. To design an automobile machinery with such parameters that they would cause possibly the least pollution, a huge sum of money is spent on majorly executing experimentations repeatedly. The paper has shown the objective of testing of such emissions and with the help of known machine learning algorithms, predicting those harmful emissions. In other words, using statistical modelling to predict the engine emissions which is traditionally measured by an exhaust gas analyser. In this research, data of real-time engine emissions produced by burning of Bio-Diesel fuel is recorded and fed into machine learning algorithms for their training. Three machine learning emission models were built up to illustrate their emission ranges. Out of the three, results showed that Decision Tree based engine emission model showed the best results.
Effect of machining parameters on average surface roughness Ra while turning hybrid Mg-MMC-An experimental approach
Authors: Hira Jaspreet , Manna Alakesh , Gera Pushpinder , Sharma Rohit , Kumar Vikas
Published: May 2021

Hybrid metal matrix composite (MMC) reinforced with silicon carbide (SiCp), alumina (Al2O3p) and graphite (Grp) are being preferred for industrial applications due to their lightweight, and lower densities of these combined materials and high strength at the molecular level. These developed hybrid composite materials have been utilized in the wide range of applications in automotive and aerospace industries. The manufacturing industries that are utilizing the hybrid Mg-MMC also go through the machining turning operations for application products. Therefore, it is very important for machining the hybrid Mg-MMC for the desired dimensional accuracy. The present experimental research was therefore aimed at investigating the average surface roughness height Ra while turning the hybrid Mg-MMC using the CCMT 09 T3 08 WF 1525 tungsten carbide insert. The machining parameters includes the cutting speed was 40 m/min, 80 m/min and 120 m/min, the feed rate was 0.08 mm/rev, 0.2 mm/rev, 0.4 mm/rev and the depth of cut was 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm and 0.75 mm. The average surface roughness height Ra was measured using surfcom 130A (profilometer). Experimental investigation found that the average surface roughness height Ra was lower at a high cutting speed and at a lower feed rate. In addition, the built-up edges were formed at a lower feed rate with all cutting speed values.
ENERGY HARVESTING USING PIEZOELECTRIC PLATES IN LEAF SPRING
Authors: Mann Sanjana , Garg Isha , Singh Arushi , Verma Preetika , Kumar Ravinder
Published: May 2021

This paper is designed to lay emphasis on a regenerative form of power generation. A conventional leaf spring is taken and its plates are replaced with piezoelectric plates in order to convert vibrational energy obtained from unevenness and bumps on the road into electrical energy to feed the battery. The plates are replaced alternatively to ensure that the overall structural integrity of the model is not affected negatively. The model is created in SolidWorks and static evaluation is carried out in ANSYS. The stress acting on each piezoelectric leaf is obtained. The stress so obtained is used to calculate input AC voltage for each plate and this voltage is used to estimate DC voltage and DC current using NI MULTISUM software. The procedure is repeated with varying the basic parameters like the thickness of plates and the number of plates to find the optimal case in which maximum voltage generation is observed. Further, the time required to charge the on-board lead battery and the auxiliary battery is calculated. The project aims to find out the optimal case for an Indian road scenario, which will be able to feed the on-board battery of an E-rickshaw to enhance its average running time.
Studying joint spectral intensity of spontaneous four-wave mixing in optical nanofibers
Authors: Shmakova Alevtina L , Shukhin Anatoly A , Kalachev Alexey A
Published: May 2021

Joint spectral intensity of the biphoton field generated via spontaneous four-wave mixing in an optical nanofiber was studied both experimentally and theoretically. The measured two-photon frequency distribution agrees well with the theoretically expected one that is calculated taking into account the spatially inhomogeneous profile of the taper. It is shown that measuring joint spectral intensity of the biphoton field makes it possible to determine the nanofiber radius with high accuracy.
A decade of the U.S. energy mix transitioning away from coal: historical reconstruction of the reductions in the public health burden of energy
Authors: Buonocore Jonathan J , Salimifard Parichehr , Michanowicz Drew R , Allen Joseph G
Published: May 2021

In the last decade, the transition away from coal and to fossil gas and biomass in the U.S. has had a major influence on greenhouse gas emissions, especially from electricity generation. However, the effect of this transition on the public health burden of air pollution is not well understood. We use three reduced complexity models (RCMs) and emissions inventory data to reconstruct the changes in health impacts due to PM2.5 exposure from stationary fuel combustion sources in the U.S., from 2008 to 2017. In 2008, the health impacts of air pollution from stationary sources was largely driven by coal combustion. By 2017, the contribution of coal has dropped precipitously, and the health burden of stationary air pollution sources is shared among a mixture of source types and fuels—largely gas and biomass in buildings and industry, and the remaining coal-fired electricity generation. Nationwide, in 2017, health impacts of biomass and wood combustion are higher than combustion of coal and gas individually. Industrial boilers had the highest emissions and health impacts, followed by residential buildings, electricity, and then commercial buildings. All three RCMs indicate that biomass and wood are the leading sources of stationary source air pollution health impacts in 24 states, and that the total health impacts of gas surpass that of coal in 19 states and the District of Columbia. We develop a projection method using state-level energy consumption data for 2018 and show that these trends likely continued. The RCMs had high agreement for 2008 emissions, when sulfur dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants were the predominant air pollution source. However there was substantial disagreement between the three RCMs on the 2017 health burden, likely due to pollutants less well-characterized by the RCMs having a higher proportionate share of total impacts.
The effect of some environmental variables on the abundance and distribution of aquatic macrophytes in Al-Hawizeh marsh, Iraq
Authors: Al-Thahaibawi B M H , Al-Abbawy D A H , Al-Mayaly I K A , Younis K H
Published: May 2021

Aquatic macrophyte communities and environmental factors were studied at four Al-Hawizeh marsh sites from December 2017 until November 2018. Quantitative data from thirty species of aquatic plants were collected to investigate density, vegetation cover, biomass and their relationship to the environmental factors. For emerging plants, relative abundance reached the highest values (36%) than submerged and wet species, while free-floating plants produced the lowest value (17%).Physical and chemical properties have been studied including water temperature ranging from 11.3 ° C in January to 31.4 ° C in August, dissolved oxygen (DO)ranging from 1.88 mg/L in September to 10.5 mg / L in April, pH varied from 7.2 in June to 8.4 in December, electrical conductivity (EC μ.S/cm) differs from 2257 μ.S/cm in November to 6859 μ.S/cm in April. The results identified the highest percentages of vegetation cover reported during the summer, the lowest percentages revealed during the winter for all plant groups. The highest annual vegetation cover rates for submergent species achieved 52.54% by C.demersum, for free-floating plants 66.67% of S. polyrrhiza, for emergent plants 85.5% of P. australis, 41.62% of P. paspaloide for wet plants. Total mean biomass of plant groups showed the highest value of 844.02 (gm dry weight/m2) reported by emerging plants, the lowest value of 47.25 (gm dry weight / m2) by the wet plants. Thus, biomass values were correlated with the vegetation cover values for all plants.
Effect of adding silver nanoparticles with drinking water on some lymphatic organs and microflora in the intestinal for broiler chickens (ROSS 308)
Authors: Ibrahim Al-Saeedi Mohammed Khalil , Dakhil Hashem Hadi , Abbas Al-Khafaji Fadhil Rasool
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted in the farm of domestic birds belonging to the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University for the period from 21/3/2019 to 24/4/2019, Laboratory work was then conducted, where 225 chicks from broiler chicks and raised in 1x1.5 m cages, the chicks were randomly divided into five treatments and for each treatment contains three replicates, each replicate included 15 chicks. Nano-silver was used by adding it with drinking water in concentrations of (0, 20, 30, 40, 50 ppm.L-1 drinking water) for the treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5), respectively. Chicks were bred in the field for 35 days. The study showed the following results: A significant superiority (P <0.05) for the T5 treatment was obtained in the weight of bursa of Fabricius compared to other treatments. It was also found that there was a significant superiority (P <0.05) for the treatments (T1, T5) in the index of the bursa of Fabricius compared to the rest of the treatments. It was also observed a significant superiority (P <0.05) for the treatments (T4, T5) in the number of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacilli) in the Jejunum compared to the rest of the treatments. The excelling of the T5 treatment continued in the number of beneficial bacteria in the ileum compared to other studied treatments. As for the harmful bacteria (E.coli), the T1 treatment was significantly (T <0.01) excelled in Jejunum and ileum over other treatments at the age of 14 days from birds’ age and at the age of 35 days from birds’ age. The treatments (T5, T2) was significantly (P <0.01) excelled in the number of beneficial bacteria in the Jejunum. As for the harmful bacteria, the T1 treatment maintained on their superiority (P <0.01) compared to the rest of the experiment.
Visible light assisted photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye on CdSe-ZnO nanocomposite: Characterization and kinetic studies
Authors: Abbas Alshamsi H. , Abbas. Al Bedairy M. , Hussein Alwan S.
Published: May 2021

The paper involves the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye (RhB) employing ZnO and ZnO/CdSe nanocomposites as photocatalysts which was synthesized via chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. Nanocomposite CdSe-ZnO powders have been synthesized by varying CdSe/ZnO molar ratios. The structural, optical, morphological, and topological characteristics of as synthesized materials were investigated using the appropriate characterization instrument such as X-ray diffractometer (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer (DRS), atomic force microscope (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). It seems that the growth of CdSe particles onto ZnO particles in a core-shell like structure. The photocatalytic performance of ZnO/CdSe nanocomposite has been investigated under affecting factors such as catalyst dosage, RhB concentration and initial pH of RhB solution. The photocatalytic degradation reactions were carried out by exposing the aqueous suspension of the dye and ZnO/CdSe system with visible light. The residual concentration of RhB dye was measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer at maximum wavelength of dye (λmax 554 nm). The decolorization process was found to follow pseudo first-order kinetics which is well expressed by the represented by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetic model. The maximum decolonization efficiency of 99% was achieved within 180 min at optimum conditions, dye conc. 10 mg/L, pH 10, CdSe (10%)-ZnO dose 1.5 g/L. The ROS studies indicate that hydroxyl radicals and holes are the predominant reactive species within the same step. Furthermore, CdSe(10%)-ZnO shows a good stability after reuse for 15 successive cycles and hence it expected to be promising in polluted water treatment.
Water Footprint of Rice in Iraq
Authors: Ewaid Salam Hussein , Abed Salwan Ali , Chabuk Ali , Al-Ansari Nadhir
Published: May 2021

There is a shortage of water and increasing demand for food in Iraq and other areas of the world will be difficult to meet in the future. Because agriculture is the primary consumer of water, without savings in consumption and precise knowledge of the actual need for water to irrigate important crops, food security cannot be guaranteed. Water footprint (WF) is an inclusive measure for freshwater use that can be used to evaluate the impact on both water volume and distribution of human water consumption. In this study, following the WF approach, the CROPWAT software with the crop water requirement option, the WF of paddy rice cultivation in 7 Iraqi provinces during the year 2017 were estimated. The results showed that the Iraqi paddy rice WF is 3072 m3/ton, which is higher than the global average (1325 m3/ton), the highest water of WF belongs to Muthanna Province with 6688.5 m3/ton and the lowest belongs to Al-Qadysia Province with 2405.5 m3/ton. About 816,704,748 m3/yr of water were used to irrigate paddy rice-growing areas throughout the country to produce 265,852 tons, the blue WF is dominant and green WF is almost non-existent because rice in Iraq grows during the hot and dry summer. Some provinces like Muthanna and Misan produce little and have a high WF so, rice can be replaced with crops like vegetables that provide more economic benefit and need less water, and the production should be concentrated in low WF provinces such as Qadisiya and Najaf.
Bioseparation and Purification of Hepatotoxins Microcystin–LR from Cyanobacteria species Westiellopsis prolifica.
Authors: Khadairi M. M. , Al-Janabi A. I. H. , Al-amari M. J. Y. , Almamoori A.M.
Published: May 2021

The presents study included bioseparation and purification of hepatotoxins microcystin-LR from cyanobacteria species westeillopsis prolifica the concentration of toxin was determined by preparative high performance liquid chromatography by comparing peak area and retention time of analytical standard of microcystin-LR with peak area and retention time of extraction of each species of cyanobacteria, the retention time of analytical standard of microcystin-LR were 9.55 min and it’s concentration was 10µg/ml, W. prolifica retention time was 9.5 min, it’s concentration was 28.385 µg/ml.
The wells of the underground water in Al-Aatha area south of Al-Miqdadiya District and its Agricutural uses
Authors: Abd Yaser Mohammed
Published: May 2021

Al-Aatha area is located in the south of AL Muqdadia district in Diyala province. its unreclaimed lands. It was natural pastures distributed among peasants and farmers on contracts after the imposition of the Economic Blockade on Iraq in 1990. This area contains alot of hills, sand-dunes and arable lands. It covers two agricultural territories with an area of (55034) Dunams. These are rain irrigated iands and the underground water provides their needs for water in Agriculture. The Wells water is affected by many natural factors which led to agglomeration under this area such as geological structure, sandy texture, soil and natural vegetation. The wells of this area are characterized by huge amounts of water through the permanent supply of water which goes on for about 14 hours aday. This means that the level of water does not fall much and this proves that it contains ahuge under ground water reservoir. This case encouraged use the extensive agriculture with winter crops such as wheat depending on these Wells. So the farming of this crop is about (9173) Dunams acope with agricultural plan for the present season (2019-2020) The irrgation of two methods. The first one by surface irrigation with an area about (8531) Dunams and the other is the modern system is called sprangler irrigation. The region contains five advance methods with an area about (642) Dunams.
Molecular and Quantitative genetic Variation of Shape and Size of Wings for Populations of Ch. Megacephala by Using Outline-Based Geometric Morphometric Technique
Authors: Okaily Riyad Ali , Kadhim A. I. , Alqeragouly A. A. , Hilal S. M.
Published: May 2021

There are several different methods of classifying Insect. One of these methods that were used Geometric Morphometric of wings technique to study the impact of Imipramine tab. on variation the shape and size of the wings of populations of Ch. Megacephala,The results showed that the average Centroid size of the left wing of populations that treated were 1077.3 and 1055.8 uM for the population were un treated and did not show any significant differences in the average of the centriod size for the left front wing for two colonies of populations of Ch. Megacephalan. When reclassification percent using discriminate analysis, the results showed that all specimens of populations are completely identical that mean the populations represent the same species. Furthermore, results of the statistical analysis by using ANOVA test showed that there were no significant differences in the average of the centriod size for the left wing for two colonies of population of Ch. Megacephala
Optimization of composite polymer dosing and pH in wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Chasib Sarah Adil , Azeez Nayyef Mohsin , Dawood Ammar Salman
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a composite Aluminum Chloride–polyacrylamide polymer (indicate AlCl3-PAM) was prepared by physical mixing. the response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) was utilized for modeling and optimization of the flocculation process of the wastewater, to utilized maximum removal of the (turbidity, total suspended solid and chemical oxygen demand). moreover, the influence of composite polymer dosage and pH on the wastewater flocculation process was discussed. Square models developed for the three responses (Turbidity, TSS and COD) denoted the optimum condition of flocculation process in terms of optimal composite polymer dosage and optimal pH. The optimum composite polymer dosage was (2.5 mg/l) with an optimum pH 7. In these optimal values, the wastewater treatment achieved (84.9%, 97%, and 92.4%) removal of COD, turbidity, and TSS, respectively.
Efficiency of Pseudomonas putida in bioremediation of chlorpyrifos toxicity
Authors: Hussain Al-Janabi Ameera O. , Hashim Hassanin Sabah
Published: May 2021

At present, extensive varieties of pesticides are being used but the demand for Organophosphorus pesticide is increasing globally to control insects. Chlorpyrifos is a broad-spectrum, highly toxic, and chlorinated organophosphate insecticide that is synthetic in origin and is normally ester or thiol derivatives of phosphoric. The mode of action involves inhibiting acetyl-cholinesterase leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine causing neurotoxicity. Bacteria capable of degrading the pesticide, chlorpyrifos, were isolated from soil contaminatied with pesticiedes. In this way, three distinct chlorpyrifosdegrading strains of Pseudomonas putidia were isolated, and were characterized using morphological and biochemical analysis. Strain PB1 exhibited the greatest chlorpyrifos degradation rate reach to 100% and was consequently selected for further investigation. Degradation of chlorpyrifos by strain PC1 was rapid at 20 and 37C. Strain PB1 was able to effectively degrade chlorpyrifos in sterilized medium using high inoculum levels. The maximum degradation rate of chlorpyrifos was calculated as 0.08µg/ml to 0.002µg/ml during 6-12 days. Bacteria such as strain PB1, that use chlorpyrifos as a carbon source, could be employed for the bioremediation of sites contaminated with pesticides.
Impact of Fish Farming in floating cages on zooplankton Community in Euphrates River, Iraq
Authors: Hassan AL-Keriawy Hussein Aliwy
Published: May 2021

The Impact of floating cages Fish culture on zooplankton in Euphrates river of middle of Iraq was examined from cage and non-cage site at monthly intervals from January 2018 to December 2019. the physical and chemical properties of river water were measured including Water Temperature, Turbidity,Total Solid suspended ( TSS), pH, Electrical Conductivity(EC),Total Dissolved Solids(TDS),Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5),phosphate (PO4) and Nitrate (NO3),The results indicated that: the, Turbidity,Total Solid suspended ( TSS), pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids(TDS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), (PO4) phosphate and (NO3) Nitrate values in cage site were significantly higher than non-cage site (p<0.05) This gives evidence of the effect of fish cages on this properties. In the current study about 48 Taxonomic units of zooplankton were identified, the rotifer was dominate group including 23 taxa to rotifera, 12 taxa belonging to cladocera and 13 taxa to copepod. The Zooplankton showed high density in river 9470 ind/m3 during April in non-cage site while lower1100 ind/m3 in December in cage site also the rotifer recorder density from (425 ind/m3 in cage site to 4925 ind/m3 non-cage site), cladocera density from225 ind/m3 in cage site to 1850 ind/m3 in non-cage site and copepod density from 450 ind/m3 in cage site to 2695 ind/m3 non-cage the high values were in spring and autumn while lowest values were recorded in summer and winter. The results of relative abundance index showed that the species rotifera: Keratella cochlearis,K.valga, Euchlanis delatata while the cladocera Alona
rectangular, Bosmina longirostris, Chydorus sphaericus, Simocephalus vetulus and the copepods: nauplii were more abundant in the Euphrates river at cage site. The Shanon-Weiner index of total Zooplankton varied from 1.81 to 4.13 bit/ind while the Shanon index of Rotifer from 1.85 to 3.78 bit/Ind, Cladocera varied from 0.001 to 3.04 bit/Ind and Copeoda varied from 0.35 to 2.71 bit/Ind with greatest values were recorded at April and September in non-cage site while lower values at and June and November in cage site that give evident to effect of cage on zooplankton.
Application of SWRT Technique to Reduce Stress and Water supply
Authors: Hommadi Ali H. , Al-Mohammed Fadhil M. , Mutasher Abdul Khider A. , Al Obaidy Ahmed I. , AL-Rawi Shatha S. , Almasraf Sabah A. , Alfawzy Ali M.
Published: May 2021

The increasing of temperature with reduction of rainfall in dry season led to reduce water areas which cause reduce the cultivation areas in Iraq and other countries. Effecting of drought causing negative action on crop productivity. The irrigation water shortage will impact on crops by stress of water as well water decreasing will increase salt concentration that will increase the salt stress cause influence on yield of crops. This research will study of stress by decreasing of water (deficit irrigation) on production of okra crops with both use subsurface water retention techniques (SWRT) and without use SWRT, then estimation differences after that calculate affection of salt on crop. The research was done in Babylon governorate in Al-Hindiya Barrage. The treatments A1 used drip irrigation system with SWRT technique and used deficit irrigation in some times, while A2 used trickle irrigation without SWRT and use deficit irrigation in some times. The results of treatment A1 showed the amount of applying water reduced to 7% than A2. Whereas the number of irrigations of A1 equal to A2. The yield of crop of A1 was more than of A2 by 15 %. The actual yield of A1 was impacted by water stress and salt were 0.01 kg/m2 and 0.011 kg/m2 respectively. The actual yield of A2 which impacted by water stress and salt were 0.079 kg/m2 and 0.085 kg/m2, respectively. The yield in A1 with SWRT and without stress and the yield of A2 without SWRT and without stress showed percent of increasing of 2.3%. The SWRT technique helps to stress resistance and drought resistance by using okra of loam soil.
The Effect of 96% Ethanol Extract of Binahong Leaf on Hyperglycemia White Male Rats Using Total Cholesterol and Triglyceride Parameters
Authors: Dwitiyanti  , Rorenza Tera
Published: May 2021

Hyperlipidemia is an increase in lipid levels such as cholesterol and triglycerides. Binahong leaves contain compounds that possess anti-hyperlipidemic properties. This study aims to determine the effect of 96% ethanol extract of binahong leaves on reducing cholesterol and triglyceride levels in hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic rats. The testing animals were divided into 6 groups consisting of normal group, negative group (high fat and sucrose diets), positive group (atorvastatin), dose I group (12.5 mg / kg), dose II (25 mg / kg), and dose III (50 mg / kg). All groups, except the normal group, were induced with high fat and sucrose diets. The results obtained showed that the binahong leaves extract was effective in reducing cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The dose II group was comparable to the positive control in reducing cholesterol and triglyceride levels with the percentage reduction of 48.97% and 47.17%, respectively.
Dragonfly Community in Flowing and Stagnating Water in the Cibodas Botanical Garden Area
Authors: Febrianti Nur Afni , Murwitaningsih Susanti , Sukandar Paskal , Lestari Suci
Published: May 2021

There are about 5000-6000 types of dragonflies which will continue to grow when new types are found. The diversity of dragonflies in Indonesia is quite high, namely about 750 species or 12.5% of the total in the world. This study aims to determine the dragonfly community in flowing and stagnant water in the Cibodas Botanical Garden Area. The research method used was a descriptive exploratory method, while the data collection technique used the Catch and Release technique (TLK). Data analysis in this study used descriptive analysis. Data collection was carried out in May-July 2018. The locations included in the flowing water group were Sakura Park and Ciismun Waterfall, while Air Mancur and Guest House were included in the stagnant water group. The results showed that there were 8 types of dragonflies identified, namely Orthetrum Pruinosum, Orthetrum sabina, Orthetrum glaucum, Pantala flavescens, Neurothermis fluctuans, Neurothemis terminata, Ischnura senegalensis, Coeliccia membranipes. The most common species found was Pantala flavescens with 533 individuals, while the least species found was Neurothemis terminata with 4 individuals. Sub-order zygoptera was found only in 2 types in this study, namely the Coeliccia membranipes with the number of 101 individuals and Ischnura senegalensis with the number of 19 individuals. The dominant types of dragonflies in flowing and stagnant water are Pantala flavescens and Orthetrum pruinosum. The Coeliccia membranipes dragonfly was only found in running water, namely at the location of the Ciismun waterfall and Ischnura senegalensis only found in stagnant water, namely at the location of the fountain.
Meistera chinensis fruit properties: Chemical compound, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activity
Authors: Musdalipah  , Karmilah  , Tee Selfyana Austin , Nurhikma Eny , Fauziah Yulianti , Fristiohady Adryan , Sahidin I , Mahatva Yodha Agung Wibawa
Published: May 2021

Zingiberaceae has a large number of species in Indonesia. One of the newly discovered generations of this class is Meistera chinensis. It is widely distributed in Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. There is no information on the chemical compound and pharmacological activity of this plant. This study aims to identify chemical compounds, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal of extract from Meistera chinensis fruit. Meistera chinensis fruit dry powder was extracted by maceration process using ethanol 96% solvent. The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The antioxidant activity was determined by the radical reduction test of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with vitamin C and trolox as controls. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities were tested using agar diffusion method on Escherichia coli ACTT 35218, Staphylococcus aureus ACTT 25023, Streptococcus mutans ACTT 25675, and the fungus Candida albicans. The results showed that the phytochemical screening of Meistera chinensis fruit extracts contained saponins, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenolics, tannin, and flavonoids. The extracts exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent pattern with IC50 47.62 ± 2.93, 8.84 ± 0.69, 11.45 ± 0.87 for Meistera chinensis fruit, ascorbic acid, and trolox respectively. The results of the analysis of variance on antibacterial and antifungal properties showed that there was a significant difference (p = 0.00 < 0.05) against fungal and bacterial growth. Besade on the results, we make the following observations that Meistera chinensis fruit can be used as herbal medicine for the development of natural antioxidants, antibacterial, and antifungal.
Application of Supply Chain Requirements for Smallholders: Impact on Sustainable Palm Oil Management Policies in Indonesia
Authors: Herdiansyah Herdis , Kusumastuti Ratih Dyah , Samputra Palupi Lindiasari , Indriyana Neny , Suharyanti Nanik Ambar
Published: May 2021

The pressure of the global economic climate that is leading to the concept of sustainability by emphasizing traceability and reducing environmental impact has resulted in the ISPO standard not being fully recognized internationally. This is likely to exclude smallholders from national value chains and from international markets that demand certified commodities. Therefore, this policy brief aims to use ISPO certification to maintain the smallholders’ position in the national value chain. The methods used are spatial analysis, field surveys, and in-depth interviews. The data obtained will then be analyzed with a qualitative approach through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with experts in various fields to draw conclusions and decisions on policy improvements.
Epidemiological Characteristics of the First Cluster of COVID-19 in Magetan District – East Java, 2020
Authors: Abidondifu Frans , Syahrul Fariani , Purnomo Agoes Yudi
Published: May 2021

Background:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new type of disease that had never been identified in humans. The virus that causes COVID-19 is called Sars-coV-2. Magetan district Government first reported a confirmed COVID-19 case on March 19, 2020. This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 cluster in Magetan District.

Method: This research is a descriptive study that was done by collecting COVID-19 information from the contact tracing data of the Magetan district health office from 19th March to 6th April 2020, including gender, age, onset data, symptoms, exposure history, risk factors, and residence.

Results: COVID-19 data up to April 6, 2020 had one group of COVID-19 cluster from the Bogor cluster; 9 patient confirmed cases: 44.44% were aged 50-59 years, 66.67% were females, 44.44% were housewife, CFR COVID-19 CFR was 11%, 66.67% are close contacts, 44.44% had sore throat and 33.33% had cough, average of 14 days as the incubation period, and patients spread in 3 sub districts.

Conclusion: COVID-19 Bogor cluster is the initial source of transmission in Magetan District through close contact. The government must increase the testing capacity and centralized isolation for all suspects of COVID-19 cases, conducted a screening at the entrance of the area and intensified contact tracing in the public health centre area. Involve all leaders across sectors and stakeholders in the community for information distribution. Encourage the movement of citizens concerned about COVID-19 prevention.
Sustainable Development of Papalele’s Household from Environmental Issue
Authors: Soegijono Simon Pieter , Kembauw Esther
Published: May 2021

Papalele is a group of people who are routine sellers activity. They have been known to the people of Ambon Maluku City, as tough sellers since the past. The term papalele is addressed to them, more because of their local identity. Therefore, this paper wants to show that the papalele struggle to meet the demands of household economic life and the distribution of household duties for family members is inevitable. Increasing various needs of household economy, but household economy still survive. Therefore, to answer the purpose of this paper, the research method used is a qualitative approach and the type of case study research. The results of this discussion indicate that the simple daily life of the papalele seems to help explain the strength of the struggle of live. When energy and time are fully devoted to the interests of the family, at least it has formed their character to maintain the existence of the family as a form of social responsibility.
Diversity of terrestrial ferns (Pteridophytes) in Ciliwung Telaga Warna Puncak Bogor tea estate in West Java
Authors: Wiranto Basar , Husnin  , Susilo
Published: May 2021

Very few research has been done on the diversity of terrestrial ferns (Pteridophyta) in the Ciliwung Telaga Warna Puncak tea garden in Bogor, West Java. This research aims to understand the diversity of ferns and species of ferns found in the tea plantation area of Ciliwung, Telaga Warna Puncak, Bogor, West Java, by examining ecological indices in the form of important value index and diversity index. Objects collected in the observation were all types of ferns in the Ciliwung Telaga Warna Puncak tea plantation area, Bogor, West Java through line transect techniques (transect sampling) and rectangular sampling which were placed randomly in the census zone (sampling square). The data obtained were processed quantitatively with Microsoft Excel. From the research conducted in the Ciliwung Telaga Warna tea plantation area, 18 species were found. The highest index of important value for ferns was Selaginella sp, at 92.98% and the lowest was Lycopodiella cernua with an INP value of 1.15%. The value of H’(Species Diversity) obtained in the Ciliwung Telaga Warna Puncak tea plantation area with 4 transects and 100 plots was 1.425, indicating that the species diversity on a transect was moderate.
Amphibian Diversity in the Kawasan Taman Wisata Alam, Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Fauzi Miftah , Sukandar Paskal , Setyaningsih Maryanti , Ritonga Rosi
Published: May 2021

Amphibians play an important role in the ecosystem, where they act as predators of various types of insects and are important biological indicators. However, in reality some amphibian habitats are lost and their activities are disrupted due to the construction of inns and restaurants. This study aims to determine the diversity of amphibians in the Bogor Natural Park. This research used VES (Visual Encounter Survey), in which samples were captured by hand and identified morphologically. The sample in this study was anura in the area where the natural park was located. Data were collected and analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener Index, Relative Abundance Index, and Species Richness Index (Margalef). A total of 13 species were obtained which belong to 6 families. Amphibian diversity index H’ = 0.929. The highest abundance of Chalcorana chalconota was 78.81%. Species Richness Index DMg = 1.858. This study proved that the diversity of amphibians in Bogor Natural Park is low and the level of species richness is in the low category.
Biodiversity of the “Karang Jeruk” Coral Reef Ecosystem in Tegal Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Zuhry Noor , Suprapto Djoko , Supriharyono  , Hendrarto Boedi
Published: May 2021

“Karang Jeruk” is a Fish Sanctuary whose existence is expected to provide protection for the biota in it. The purpose of this study was to collect and conduct baseline analyzes of the condition of coral reef ecosystem. The results for the ecological index are the Diversity Index (H’) is 1.7362 (depth 3 m) and 1.8382 (depth 10 m), so that the diversity is moderate with moderate ecological pressure. Uniformity Index (E) is 0.7864 (3 m depth) and 1.0362 (10 m depth) so that it is included in the high population uniformity category. Simpson Dominance Index (C) is 0.2405 (3 m depth) and 0.2211 (10 m depth), including the species dominance category is low. The percentage of coral cover is 1.30%-69.28% in the damaged to good category. Diversity Index data (H’) is 1.5157 (3 m depth) and 1.3896 (10 m depth), so that the diversity is moderate with moderate ecological pressure. Uniformity Index (E) is 0.7062 (3 m depth) and 0.6353 (10 m depth) so that it is included in the high population uniformity category. Simpson Dominance Index (C) is 0.2920 (3 m depth) and 0.3497 (10 m depth), including the species dominance category is low.
Analysis of Chemical Quality of Dried Sendeish Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra) using Different Enzyment Methods
Authors: Rahael Kristhina Priskila , Tua Rahantoknam Santi Penina , Hamid Syahibul Kahfi
Published: May 2021

Dried sandfish sea cucumber is one of the export commodities in the international market. Since ancient times, sea cucumbers have been used as medicines and foodstuffs. Certain nutritional content can be lost if there is an error in processing. The exact method used to remove calcium content is important because it can also affect the quality of sea cucumbers. Sea cucumbers can experience a decrease in quality so that it can have an impact on the price of sea cucumbers in the market. The purpose of this study was to determine the best method of processing dried sea cucumbers by using the enzyme papain from papaya fruit and leaves and its impact on the chemical quality of dried sea cucumbers. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 treatments and continued with the Dunchan multiple range test at the level of α = 0.05 if the treatment had a significant effect (p < 0.01). This study used 2 treatments, namely treatment A which is the method of giving the enzyme, consisting of 3 levels, namely: A1 = initial immersion together with the papain enzyme (after washing sea cucumbers soaked in papain enzyme ± 30 minutes, before boiling 1). A2 = boiling the papain enzyme together (after washing, the sea cucumber is immediately cooked together with the papain enzyme). A3 = Stirring with the papain enzyme after boiling 1 (boiled sea cucumbers are stirred with the papain enzyme in a hot state). Treatment B, namely the part of papaya which is the source of the enzyme, consists of 2 levels, namely: B1 = sliced papaya leaves and B2 = sliced papaya fruit. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. From the analysis, the lowest water content in the boiling method together with the enzyme from papaya fruit was 12.48%, the highest ash content in the boiling method together with the enzyme from papaya leaves was 4.32, the highest protein content in the initial soaking method along with the enzyme from papaya fruit was 74.03 %, the highest fat content in the method of giving the enzyme from papaya leaves after boiling 1 was 2.14%, and the highest carbohydrate content in the boiling method together with the enzyme from papaya leaves was 9.02%. The results of statistical tests showed that there was no significant difference between the enzymes from the leaves and papaya fruit on the chemical quality of dried sea cucumbers and the boiling method together with the enzymes from papaya fruit was the best treatment because it had the best chemical quality characteristics.
The effect of giving Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) juice on the volume of breastfeeding for postpartum mothers in the working area of the Pekauman Health Center, Banjarmasin
Authors: Mahdiyah Dede , Rahmawati Dwi , Waty Desy Susila
Published: May 2021

The postpartum period is the period after delivery of up to 6 weeks or 42 days. During the postpartum period, the mother needs a supply of food containing vitamins to prevent anemia, infection during the puerperium, and decreased milk production. So it needs sufficient vitamins and is able to protect the mother from infection. Kelakai is a plant that grows on peat soil and is known as a plant that can increase breast milk and can stimulate breast milk production in nursing mothers, and contains many vitamins and minerals. To analyzed the effect of giving kelakai juice on the volume of breastfeeding of postpartum mothers. This research design used a quasi experimental design with pre-test and post-test one group design. The population of the study was 89 postpartum mothers who visited the Pekauman Health Center. The sample technique in this study used probability sampling with simple random sampling technique of 10 postpartum mothers. Data was analyzed used Wilcoxon test. The results showed that the volume of breastfeeding for postpartum mothers before being given kelakai juice was 38.14 ml and after being given kelakai juice was 73.35 ml to 10 postpartum mothers. Wilcoxon test results obtained p value = 0.004 ≤ α (0.05), so there is an effect of giving kelakai juice on the increase in the volume of breast milk for postpartum mothers.
Isolation, Characterization, Molecular Identification of Probiotic Bacteria from Meconium
Authors: Irza Dhanly Arie , Nyoman Ehrich Lister I , Sihotang Saipul , Fachrial Edy
Published: May 2021

Probiotic bacteria are a group of bacteria that have positive effects such as increasing the absorption ability of some nutrients, maintaining the intestinal pH so that it can be protected from pathogenic microorganisms, maintaining disturbances in water absorption, smoothing digestion by producing several digestive enzymes. Each bacterial species has different probiotic effects so selection and identification are needed to get a good strain of probiotics. The identification of probiotic bacteria in this study uses the molecular identification method with the 16S rRNA marker gene. 6 probiotic bacterial isolates (DA1, DA3, DA4, DA7, DA8, DA10) were identified as having the characteristics of a circular shape, the edge of the entire and flat elevation. negative. The antibacterial test results have a clear zone of 7.1 mm. The results of sequencing with the help of the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) program showed that probiotic bacteria from meconium had 99.78% similarity with Basillus coagulans NBRC.