bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Accessibility Evaluation and Location Optimization of Primary Healthcare in China: A Case Study of Shenzhen
Authors: Chen Liutong , Zeng Huatang , Wu Liqun , Tian Qiannan , Zhang Ning , He Rongxin , Xue Hao , Zheng Junyao , Liu Jinlin , Liang Fengchao , Zhu Bin
Published: May 2023

The unbalanced allocation of healthcare resources is a major challenge that hinders access to healthcare. Taking Shenzhen as an example, this study aimed to enhance equity in obtaining healthcare services, through measuring and visualizing the spatial accessibility of community healthcare centers (CHC), and optimizing CHC geospatial allocation. We used the number of health technicians per 10,000 to represent the CHC's service capacity, combined with resident points and census data to calculate the population the CHC needs to carry, and then analyzed the accessibility based on the Gaussian two‐step floating catchment area method. In 2020, five regions in Shenzhen had better spatial accessibility scores: Nanshan (0.250), Luohu (0.246), Futian (0.244), Dapeng (0.226), and Yantian (0.196). The spatial accessibility of CHCs shows a gradual decrease from the city center to the edge, which is affected by economic and topographic factors. With the support of the maximal covering location problem model, we selected up to 567 candidate locations for the new CHC, which could improve Shenzhen's accessibility score from 0.189 to 0.361 and increase the coverage population by 63.46% within a 15‐min impedance. By introducing spatial techniques and maps, this study provides (a) new evidence for promoting equitable access to primary healthcare services in Shenzhen and (b) a foundation for improving the accessibility of public service facilities in other areas.
Subgrid Parameterization of Eddy, Meanfield and Topographic Interactions in Simulations of an Idealized Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Kitsios V. , Frederiksen J. S. , O’Kane T. J.
Published: May 2023

The ocean circulation dynamics can be represented as a high‐dimensional multi‐scale nonlinear system with inhomogenous meanfields and topography. Numerical simulations of the ocean dynamics resolve the large scales of motion on a computational grid, with the unresolved subgrid interactions parameterized. These simulations are highly dependent upon the grid resolution, unless the subgrid terms are appropriately parameterized. There are five fundamental classes of subgrid interactions: eddy‐eddy; eddy‐topographic; eddy‐meanfield; meanfield‐meanfield; and meanfield‐topographic. Scale dependent parameterizations representing each of these interaction classes are presented here in oceanic flows for the first time. Subgrid parameterizations are calculated and validated in baroclinic quasi‐geostrophic simulations of idealized Antarctic Circumpolar Current flows with representative mean currents and ocean floor topography. The parameterization coefficients are derived from the coarse grained statistics of high resolution reference simulations in spectral space. Stochastic and deterministic parameterizations are developed for the eddy‐eddy interactions, and deterministic forms for the remaining classes. The kinetic energy spectra and meanfield resulting from large eddy simulations (LES) adopting these coefficients accurately replicate those of the reference simulation. The eddy‐eddy interactions are dominant, but all classes need to be parameterized for best results. For LES where baroclinic instability is explicitly resolved the stochastic variants out‐perform the deterministic ones across all scales. When baroclinic instability is not explicitly resolved, the stochastic variants out‐perform the deterministic cases at the large scales, but introduce some distortions at the smallest resolved scales. This study provides an assessment of the relevant strengths of the subgrid interaction classes in an idealized yet representative ocean.
Rocky Voices: A Q&A with Eva Enkelmann
Authors: Tripathy-Lang Alka
Published: May 2023

A new book aimed at young adults explores the construction of the Canadian Rockies from the perspective of the minerals, fossils, and waterdrops that make and shape the landscape.
Earthquake Magnitude With DAS: A Transferable Data‐Based Scaling Relation
Authors: Yin Jiuxun , Zhu Weiqiang , Li Jiaxuan , Biondi Ettore , Miao Yaolin , Spica Zack J. , Viens Loïc , Shinohara Masanao , Ide Satoshi , Mochizuki Kimihiro , Husker Allen L. , Zhan Zhongwen
Published: May 2023

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a promising technique to improve the rapid detection and characterization of earthquakes. Previous DAS studies mainly focus on the phase information but less on the amplitude information. In this study, we compile earthquake data from two DAS arrays in California, USA, and one submarine array in Sanriku, Japan. We develop a data‐driven method to obtain the first scaling relation between DAS amplitude and earthquake magnitude. Our results reveal that the earthquake amplitudes recorded by DAS in different regions follow a similar scaling relation. The scaling relation can provide a rapid earthquake magnitude estimation and effectively avoid uncertainties caused by the conversion to ground motions. Our results show that the scaling relation appears transferable to new regions with calibrations. The scaling relation highlights the great potential of DAS in earthquake source characterization and early warning.
Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 variant following booster vaccination or breakthrough infection in the UK
Authors: Wei Jia , Matthews Philippa C. , Stoesser Nicole , Newton John N. , Diamond Ian , Studley Ruth , Taylor Nick , Bell John I. , Farrar Jeremy , Kolenchery Jaison , Marsden Brian D. , Hoosdally Sarah , Jones E. Yvonne , Stuart David I. , Crook Derrick W. , Peto Tim E. A. , Walker A. Sarah , Pouwels Koen B. , Eyre David W. ,   the COVID-19 Infection Survey team, Thomas Tina , Ayoubkhani Daniel , Black Russell , Felton Antonio , Crees Megan , Jones Joel , Lloyd Lina , Sutherland Esther , Pritchard Emma , Vihta Karina-Doris , Doherty George , Kavanagh James , Chau Kevin K. , Hatch Stephanie B. , Ebner Daniel , Ferreira Lucas Martins , Christott Thomas , Dejnirattisai Wanwisa , Mongkolsapaya Juthathip , Cameron Sarah , Tamblin-Hopper Phoebe , Wolna Magda , Brown Rachael , Cornall Richard , Screaton Gavin , Lythgoe Katrina , Bonsall David , Golubchik Tanya , Fryer Helen , Cox Stuart , Paddon Kevin , James Tim , House Thomas , Robotham Julie , Birrell Paul , Jordan Helena , Sheppard Tim , Athey Graham , Moody Dan , Curry Leigh , Brereton Pamela , Jarvis Ian , Godsmark Anna , Morris George , Mallick Bobby , Eeles Phil , Hay Jodie , VanSteenhouse Harper , Lee Jessica , White Sean , Evans Tim , Bloemberg Lisa , Allison Katie , Pandya Anouska , Davis Sophie , Conway David I. , MacLeod Margaret , Cunningham Chris
Published: May 2023

Following primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, whether boosters or breakthrough infections provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection is incompletely understood. Here we investigated SARS-CoV-2 antibody correlates of protection against new Omicron BA.4/5 (re-)infections and anti-spike IgG antibody trajectories after a third/booster vaccination or breakthrough infection following second vaccination in 154,149 adults ≥18 y from the United Kingdom general population. Higher antibody levels were associated with increased protection against Omicron BA.4/5 infection and breakthrough infections were associated with higher levels of protection at any given antibody level than boosters. Breakthrough infections generated similar antibody levels to boosters, and the subsequent antibody declines were slightly slower than after boosters. Together our findings show breakthrough infection provides longer-lasting protection against further infections than booster vaccinations. Our findings, considered alongside the risks of severe infection and long-term consequences of infection, have important implications for vaccine policy.
Digital mapping of surface turbulence status and aerodynamic stall on wings of a flying aircraft
Authors: Xu Zijie , Cao Leo N. Y. , Li Chengyu , Luo Yingjin , Su Erming , Wang Weizhe , Tang Wei , Yao Zhaohui , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: May 2023

Real-time monitoring of flow turbulence is very difficult but extremely important in fluid dynamics, which plays an important role in flight safety and control. Turbulence can cause airflow to detach at the end of the wings, potentially resulting in the aerodynamic stall of aircraft and causing flight accidents. Here, we developed a lightweight and conformable system on the wing surface of aircraft for stall sensing. Quantitative data about airflow turbulence and the degree of boundary layer separation are provided in situ using conjunct signals provided by both triboelectric and piezoelectric effects. Thus, the system can visualize and directly measure the airflow detaching process on the airfoil, and senses the degree of airflow separation during and after a stall for large aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles.
Modulation of the gut microbiome with nisin
Authors: O’Reilly Catherine , Grimaud Ghjuvan M. , Coakley Mairéad , O’Connor Paula M. , Mathur Harsh , Peterson Veronica L. , O’Donovan Ciara M. , Lawlor Peadar G. , Cotter Paul D. , Stanton Catherine , Rea Mary C. , Hill Colin , Ross R. Paul
Published: May 2023

Nisin is a broad spectrum bacteriocin used extensively as a food preservative that was identified in Lactococcus lactis nearly a century ago. We show that orally-ingested nisin survives transit through the porcine gastrointestinal tract intact (as evidenced by activity and molecular weight determination) where it impacts both the composition and functioning of the microbiota. Specifically, nisin treatment caused a reversible decrease in Gram positive bacteria, resulting in a reshaping of the Firmicutes and a corresponding relative increase in Gram negative Proteobacteria. These changes were mirrored by the modification in relative abundance of pathways involved in acetate, butyrate (decreased) and propionate (increased) synthesis which correlated with overall reductions in short chain fatty acid levels in stool. These reversible changes that occur as a result of nisin ingestion demonstrate the potential of bacteriocins like nisin to shape mammalian microbiomes and impact on the functionality of the community.
Generative and discriminative training of Boltzmann machine through quantum annealing
Authors: Srivastava Siddhartha , Sundararaghavan Veera
Published: May 2023

A hybrid quantum-classical method for learning Boltzmann machines (BM) for a generative and discriminative task is presented. BM are undirected graphs with a network of visible and hidden nodes where the former is used as the reading site. In contrast, the latter is used to manipulate visible states’ probability. In Generative BM, the samples of visible data imitate the probability distribution of a given data set. In contrast, the visible sites of discriminative BM are treated as Input/Output (I/O) reading sites where the conditional probability of output state is optimized for a given set of input states. The cost function for learning BM is defined as a weighted sum of Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence and Negative conditional Log-likelihood (NCLL), adjusted using a hyper-parameter. Here, the KL Divergence is the cost for generative learning, and NCLL is the cost for discriminative learning. A Stochastic Newton-Raphson optimization scheme is presented. The gradients and the Hessians are approximated using direct samples of BM obtained through quantum annealing. Quantum annealers are hardware representing the physics of the Ising model that operates on low but finite temperatures. This temperature affects the probability distribution of the BM; however, its value is unknown. Previous efforts have focused on estimating this unknown temperature through regression of theoretical Boltzmann energies of sampled states with the probability of states sampled by the actual hardware. These approaches assume that the control parameter change does not affect the system temperature; however, this is usually untrue. Instead of using energies, the probability distribution of samples is employed to estimate the optimal parameter set, ensuring that the optimal set can be obtained from a single set of samples. The KL divergence and NCLL are optimized for the system temperature, and the result is used to rescale the control parameter set. The performance of this approach, as tested against the theoretically expected distributions, shows promising results for Boltzmann training on quantum annealers.
Lithium carbonate accelerates the healing of apical periodontitis
Authors: Kagioka Takumi , Itoh Shousaku , Hue Mai Thi , Abe Makoto , Hayashi Mikako
Published: May 2023

Apical periodontitis is a disease caused by bacterial invasions through the root canals. Our previous study reported that lithium chloride (LiCl) had a healing effect on apical periodontitis. The aim of this report is to investigate the healing properties and mechanism of lithium ion (Li+) for apical periodontitis using rat root canal treatment model. 10-week-old male Wistar rat’s mandibular first molars with experimentally induced apical periodontitis underwent root canal treatment and were applied lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) containing intracanal medicament. Base material of the medicament was used as a control. Subject teeth were scanned by micro-CT every week and the periapical lesion volume was evaluated. The lesion volume of Li2CO3 group was significantly smaller than that of the control group. Histological analysis showed that in Li2CO3 group, M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells were induced in the periapical lesion. In situ hybridization experiments revealed a greater expression of Col1a1 in Li2CO3 group compared with the control group. At 24 h after application of intracanal medicament, Axin2-positive cells were distributed in Li2CO3 group. In conclusion, Li2CO3 stimulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and accelerate the healing process of apical periodontitis, modulating the immune system and the bone metabolism.
A retrospective analysis of clinical features of patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2
Authors: Groza Cristina , Totschnig David , Wenisch Christoph , Atamaniuk Johanna , Zoufaly Alexander
Published: May 2023

The causative agent of the ongoing Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has acquired a considerable amount of mutations, leading to changes in clinical manifestations and increased transmission. Recent studies based on animal disease models and data from the general population were reporting a higher pathogenicity of the BA.2 sublineage compared to BA.1. The aim of this study was to provide real world data on patients with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants treated at our center, highlighting similarities and differences in the clinical disease course. We retrospectively collected and analyzed the data of adult patients admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at the Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria. Patient characteristics including age, underlying diseases, vaccination status and outcome were compared between patients with the BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants. Between January 2022 and May 2022 we included 168 patients infected with Omicron BA.1 and 100 patients with BA.2. Patients admitted with BA.2 were significantly older, more often fully immunized and required less dexamethasone than patients with BA.1. No substantial differences were identified between patients infected with BA.1 and BA.2 regarding BMI, laboratory findings, need for supplemental oxygen, mortality and other evaluated comorbidities excepting active malignancies. The significantly larger percentage of fully immunized patients admitted with BA.2 is pointing to an increased transmissibility of this subvariant, while the comparable outcome of a somewhat older and sicker patient population might be indicative of reduced virulence.
Potential effect of chloroquine and propranolol combination to treat colorectal and triple-negative breast cancers
Authors: Anselmino L. E. , Baglioni M. V. , Reynoso G. , Rozados V. R. , Scharovsky O. G. , Rico M. J. , Menacho-Márquez M.
Published: May 2023

Drug repositioning explores the reuse of non-cancer drugs to treat tumors. In this work, we evaluated the effect of the combination of chloroquine and propranolol on colorectal and triple-negative breast cancers. Using as in vitro models the colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116, HT29, and CT26, and as triple-negative breast cancer models the 4T1, M-406, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, we evaluated the effect of the drugs combination on the viability, apoptosis, clonogenicity, and cellular migratory capacity. To explore the in vivo effects of the combination on tumor growth and metastasis development we employed graft models in BALB/c, nude, and CBi mice. In vitro studies showed that combined treatment decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and increased apoptosis. Also, we demonstrated that these drugs act synergically and that it affects clonogenicity and migration. In vivo studies indicated that this drug combination was effective on colorectal models but only partially on breast cancer. These results contributed to the search for new and safe treatments for colorectal and triple-negative carcinomas.
Quaternization of high molecular weight chitosan for increasing intestinal drug absorption using Caco-2 cells as an in vitro intestinal model
Authors: Wongwanakul Ratjika , Aueviriyavit Sasitorn , Furihata Tomomi , Gonil Pattarapond , Sajomsang Warayuth , Maniratanachote Rawiwan , Jianmongkol Suree
Published: May 2023

Potential use of a quaternized chitosan (MW 600 kDa) with 65% of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium (600-HPTChC65) as an absorptive enhancer was investigated in Caco-2 monolayers. 600-HPTChC65 (0.005% w/v) quickly reduced transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) to the maximum level in 40 min with full recovery within 6 h after removal. Its TEER reduction was corresponded to increased FD4 transport across the monolayers and disrupted localization of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin at the cell borders. 600-HPTChC65 was densely localized at the membrane surface and intercellular junctions. This chitosan (0.08–0.32% w/v) reduced the efflux ratio of [3H]-digoxin by 1.7- 2 folds, suggesting an increased [3H]-digoxin transport across the monolayers. Its binding with P-gp on Caco-2 monolayer increased the signal of fluorescence-labeled anti-P-gp (UIC2) reactivity due to conformational change. 600-HPTChC65 (0.32% w/v) had no effect on P-gp expression in the Caco-2 monolayers. These results suggest that 600-HPTChC65 could enhance drug absorption through tight junction opening and decreased P-gp function. Its interaction with the absorptive barrier mainly resulted in disrupting ZO-1 and occludin organization as well as changing in P-gp conformation.
Sparse identification of Lagrangian for nonlinear dynamical systems via proximal gradient method
Authors: Purnomo Adam , Hayashibe Mitsuhiro
Published: May 2023

The autonomous distillation of physical laws only from data is of great interest in many scientific fields. Data-driven modeling frameworks that adopt sparse regression techniques, such as sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) and its modifications, are developed to resolve difficulties in extracting underlying dynamics from experimental data. However, SINDy faces certain difficulties when the dynamics contain rational functions. The Lagrangian is substantially more concise than the actual equations of motion, especially for complex systems, and it does not usually contain rational functions for mechanical systems. Few proposed methods proposed to date, such as Lagrangian-SINDy we have proposed recently, can extract the true form of the Lagrangian of dynamical systems from data; however, these methods are easily affected by noise as a fact. In this study, we developed an extended version of Lagrangian-SINDy (xL-SINDy) to obtain the Lagrangian of dynamical systems from noisy measurement data. We incorporated the concept of SINDy and used the proximal gradient method to obtain sparse Lagrangian expressions. Further, we demonstrated the effectiveness of xL-SINDy against different noise levels using four mechanical systems. In addition, we compared its performance with SINDy-PI (parallel, implicit) which is a latest robust variant of SINDy that can handle implicit dynamics and rational nonlinearities. The experimental results reveal that xL-SINDy is much more robust than the existing methods for extracting the governing equations of nonlinear mechanical systems from data with noise. We believe this contribution is significant toward noise-tolerant computational method for explicit dynamics law extraction from data.
Novel characteristics for immunophenotype, FISH pattern and molecular cytogenetics in synovial sarcoma
Authors: Zhong Ling ling , Huang Gao xiang , Xian Li ying , Wei Zong chen , Tang Zhi ping , Chen Qiu yue , Chen Hao , Tang Fang
Published: May 2023

As a rare and highly aggressive soft tissue sarcoma, the new immunophenotype, atypical FISH pattern and relevant molecular cytogenetics of synovial sarcoma (SS) remain less known, although it is characteristically represented by a pathognomonic chromosomal translocation t (X; 18) (p11.2; q11.2). Methodologically, the morphology was retrospectively analysed by using H&E staining, and immunohistochemical features were investigated by using markers that have been recently applied in other soft tissue tumors. Moreover, FISH signals for SS18 and EWSR-1 break-apart probes were examined. Finally, cytogenetic characteristics were analysed via RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Consequently, nine out of thirteen cases that were histologically highly suspected as SS were finally identified as SS via molecular analysis. Histologically, nine SS cases were divided into monophasic fibrous SS (4/9), biphasic SS (4/9) and poorly differentiated SS (1/9). Immunohistochemically, SOX-2 immunostaining was positive in eight cases (8/9) and PAX-7 immunostaining was diffusely positive in the epithelial component of biphasic SS (4/4). Nine cases showed negative immunostaining for NKX3.1 and reduced or absent immunostaining for INI-1. Eight cases showed typically positive FISH signalling for the SS18 break-apart probe, whereas one case exhibited an atypical FISH pattern (complete loss of green signalling, case 2). Furthermore, the SS18-SSX1 and SS18-SSX2 fusion genes were identified in seven cases and two cases, respectively. The fusion site in 8 out of 9 cases was common in the literature, whereas the fusion site in case 2 was involved in exon 10 codon 404 in SS18 and exon 7 codon 119 in SSX1 (which has not been previously reported), which notably corresponded to the complete loss of green signalling in the FISH pattern. Additionally, FISH analysis of the EWSR-1 gene in nine SS cases demonstrated aberrant signalling in three cases that were recognized as a monoallelic loss of EWSR-1 (1/9), an amplification of EWSR-1 (1/9) and a translocation of EWSR-1 (1/9). In conclusion, SS18-SSX fusion gene sequencing is obligatory for a precise diagnosis of SS when dealing with a confusing immunophenotype and atypical or aberrant FISH signalling for SS18 and EWSR-1 detection.
Effect of end-stage kidney disease on the return of spontaneous circulation in Taiwanese adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Shun , Chattopadhyay Amrita , Lu Tzu-Pin , Liao Shu-Hui , Chang Chia-Ming , Lee Yi-Chen , Lo Wei-En , Wu Jia-Jun , Hsieh Vivian Chia-Rong , Hu Sung-Yuan , How Chorng-Kuang
Published: May 2023

Rescuing patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), especially those with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), is challenging. This study hypothesizes that OHCA patients with ESKD undergoing maintenance hemodialysis have (1) higher rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and (2) lower rates of hyperkalemia and less severe acidosis than those without ESKD. OHCA patients who received CPR between 2011 and 2020 were dichotomized into ESKD and non-ESKD groups. The association of ESKD with “any” and “sustained” ROSC were examined using logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, the effect of ESKD on hospital outcomes for OHCA patients who survived to admission was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. ESKD patients without “any” ROSC displayed lower potassium and higher pH levels than non-ESKD patients. ESKD was positively associated with “any” ROSC (adjusted-OR: 4.82, 95% CI 2.70–5.16, P < 0.01) and “sustained” ROSC (adjusted-OR: 9.45, 95% CI 3.83–24.13, P < 0.01). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated ESKD patients had a non-inferior hospital survival than non-ESKD patients. OHCA patients with ESKD had lower serum potassium level and less severe acidosis compared to the general population in Taiwan; therefore, should not be treated under the stereotypical assumption that hyperkalemia and acidosis always occur.
Three-dimensional spatial interpolation for chlorophyll-a and its application in the Bohai Sea
Authors: Zhao Zihan , Xiao Rushui , Guo Junting , Zhang Yuming , Zhang Shufang , Lv Xianqing , Shi Honghua
Published: May 2023

Assessing the health of coastal ecosystems is crucial for maintaining ecological balance. One significant indicator of water eutrophication is the distribution of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), which makes obtaining a complete three-dimensional spatial distribution of Chl-a essential for assessment. This study utilized the linear radial basis function (RBF-Linear) method to obtain a comprehensive and reasonable spatial distribution of Chl-a. The method was applied to obtain the three-dimensional spatial field of Chl-a concentration in the Bohai Sea in March, May, August, and October from 2016 to 2018. The distribution pattern of Chl-a concentration in the Bohai Sea displayed characteristic spatial and temporal variations. Spatially, high Chl-a concentration was most concentrated in coastal waters, particularly in estuaries and mariculture areas. Temporally, there were two peaks in March and August. The total Chl-a and areas with high Chl-a concentration in four sub-regions of the Bohai Sea were also calculated to enable a comprehensive assessment of the marine ecological environment. By analyzing the temporal and spatial variation of Chl-a in the Bohai Sea and evaluating the marine ecological environment, we confirmed the feasibility and rationality of RBF-Linear. Our findings have the potential to contribute to improve the accuracy of ecological models and assessment of the satellite products.
Differences in gene regulation by TLR3 and IPS-1 signaling in murine corneal epithelial cells
Authors: Komai Seitaro , Ueta Mayumi , Nishigaki Hiromi , Mizushima Katsura , Naito Yuji , Kinoshita Shigeru , Sotozono Chie
Published: May 2023

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and interferon-beta promoter stimulator-1 (IPS-1) are associated with antiviral responses to double-stranded RNA viruses and contribute to innate immunity. We previously reported that conjunctival epithelial cell (CEC) TLR3 and IPS-1 pathways respond to the common ligand polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) to regulate different gene expression patterns as well as CD11c + cell migration in murine-model corneas. However, the differences in the functions and the roles of TLR3 and IPS-1 remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the differences of TLR3 or IPS-1-induced gene expression in corneal epithelial cells (CECs) in response to polyI:C stimulation using cultured murine primary CECs (mPCECs) derived from TLR3 and IPS-1 knockout mice via comprehensive analysis. The genes associated with viral responses were upregulated in the wild-type mice mPCECs after polyI:C stimulation. Among these genes, Neurl3, Irg1, and LIPG were dominantly regulated by TLR3, while interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-15 were dominantly regulated by IPS-1. CCL5, CXCL10, OAS2, Slfn4, TRIM30α, and Gbp9 were complementarily regulated by both TLR3 and IPS-1. Our findings suggest that CECs may contribute to immune responses and that TLR3 and IPS-1 possibly have different functions in the corneal innate immune response.
Increasing the peroxidase-like activity of the MIL-100(Fe) nanozyme by encapsulating Keggin-type 12-phosphomolybdate and covering three-dimensional graphene
Authors: Ji Yuhan , Wei Yupu , Shen Jinghui , Zhuo Jinlong , Xu Mingqi , Wang Yunliang , Sha Jingquan
Published: May 2023

A ternary MIL-100(Fe)@PMo12@3DGO nanocomposite was designed and fabricated, which exhibits excellent peroxidase-like activity and the lowest limit of detection (0.14 μM) for glucose.
Vibrational and chiroptical analysis of blood plasma for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnostics
Authors: Vrtělka Ondřej , Králová Kateřina , Fousková Markéta , Habartová Lucie , Hříbek Petr , Urbánek Petr , Setnička Vladimír
Published: May 2023

Using a combination of vibrational and chiroptical spectroscopy together with principal component analysis and a random forest algorithm, we have successfully distinguished patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from patients with cirrhosis.
Alternative platform for COVID-19 diagnosis based on AuNP-modified lab-on-paper
Authors: Punnoy Pornchanok , Siripongpreda Tatiya , Pisitkun Trairak , Rodthongkum Nadnudda , Potiyaraj Pranut
Published: May 2023

COVID-19 has caused global health problems, and so rapid diagnosis is crucial to slow spread of the disease.
A fluorescent probe generating in situ the reactive species for rapid and selective detection of mustard gas
Authors: Liu Xiao-Jun , Feng Wei , Song Qin-Hua
Published: May 2023

The probe PCS can realize in situ detection of mustard gas on the surface by spraying.
Reducing biofouling on optical oxygen sensors; a simple modification enabling sensor cleaning via water splitting
Authors: Koren Klaus , Steininger Fabian , McGraw Christina M.
Published: May 2023

Hacking a commercial sensor: electrochemical water splitting reduces biofouling on optical O2 sensor via a combination of pH modulation and H2 bubble generation.
Facet-dependence of Fe3O4 for enhancing osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs
Authors: Wei Xinlin , Wang Fei , Tao Jie , Mao Jian
Published: May 2023

Herein, the facet-dependence of Fe3O4 for enhancing osteogenic differentiation is demonstrated for the first time.
Liquid-on-solid heterogeneous nucleation for a general synthesis of yolk–shell nanostructures
Authors: Guo Huiying , Lin Huai , Wu Zhouling , Wang Ruoxu , Chen Hongyu
Published: May 2023

Liquid-on-solid heterogeneous nucleation on solid nanoparticle seeds was achieved.
Uncertainty quantification of spectral predictions using deep neural networks
Authors: Verma Sneha , Aznan Nik Khadijah Nik , Garside Kathryn , Penfold Thomas J.
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate uncertainty quantification for deep neural network predictions of transition metal X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra. Our results not only provide accurate spectral predictions, but reliably assess when the model fails.
Synthesis, crystal structures and DFT studies of Co(ii) and Zn(ii) coordination polymers of terephthalate and 4,4′-trimethylenedipyridyl ligands for removal of dibenzothiophene from a model fuel oil
Authors: Tella Adedibu C. , Owalude Samson O. , Ameen Olanrewaju A. , Clayton Hadley S. , Yusuph Quadrat , Dembaremba Tendai O. , Hosten Eric C. , Ogunlaja Adeniyi S.
Published: May 2023

Removal of sulfur-containing compounds was necessitated by the negative environmental and human health challenges posed by sulfur oxides that are released into the atmosphere upon combustion of sulfur-containing fuel oils.
Can room-temperature data for tunneling molecular junctions be analyzed within a theoretical framework assuming zero temperature?
Authors: Bâldea Ioan
Published: May 2023

When utilizing analytic expressions for the tunneling current deduced for molecular junctions at zero temperature for processing transport data measured at room temperature, attention should be paid to the parameter range wherein the formulas are applicable.
Planar pentacoordinate carbon in a 16-electron neutral CCu2Be3H4cluster
Authors: Kalita Amlan J. , Gohain Namrata , Bordoloi Abhik , Guha Ankur K.
Published: May 2023

Planar hypercoordination in carbon is a fascinating area, which departs from the usual view of coordination geometry in carbon.
Surface stabilisation of the high-spin state of Fe(ii) spin-crossover complexes
Authors: Serra Alejandro Martínez , Dhingra Archit , Asensio María Carmen , Real José Antonio , Royo Juan Francisco Sánchez
Published: May 2023

High-spin fraction of [Fe(3-Fpy)2{Ni(CN)}4] extrapolated from XPS (black and green triangles) and compared with normalised magnetic susceptibility measurements (blue curve).
Mechanisms of adsorption and diffusion of Na on a VSe2monolayer with engineering-induced vacancies
Authors: Shi Xuerui , Li Jialin , Zhang Xiaojiao , Li Mingjun , Jing Qun , Fang Guozhao , Long Mengqiu
Published: May 2023

Research on the impact of cation and anion vacancies on the electrochemical performance of monolayer VSe2provides new insights and mechanisms for the design of efficient sodium ion batteries with heightened capacity.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dust from rural communities around gas flaring points in the Niger Delta of Nigeria: an exploration of spatial patterns, sources and possible risk
Authors: Odali Eze W. , Iwegbue Chukwujindu M. A. , Egobueze Francis E. , Nwajei Godwin E. , Martincigh Bice S.
Published: May 2023

Indoor and outdoor dust from three rural areas around gas flaring points, and a rural area without such points in the Niger Delta of Nigeria, was analysed for the concentrations and distribution of PAHs, their sources, and possible health risk.
Selective electrosynthesis of platform chemicals from the electrocatalytic reforming of biomass-derived hexanediol
Authors: Liao Yun-Ju , Huang Shih-Ching , Lin Chia-Yu
Published: May 2023

Efficient electrosynthesis of 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid (6HA) and adipic acid (AA) from the electrochemical oxidation of 1,6-hexanediol using a nanoporous nickel oxyhydroxide-borate anode.
Periodic fracture behaviour of nanomembranes
Authors: Meng Yancheng , Zhang Jianqiang , Li Baowen , Li Luxian , Wang Qin , Guo Wanlin
Published: May 2023

We found a new periodic fracture behavior of stiff nanomembrane, encoded by periodic buckling pattern in the 90° peeled nanomembrane overlaid on soft film. The fracture rout is strictly straight and the period is tunable.
Li0.33La0.56TiO3, a novel coating to improve the electrochemical properties and safety of NCM523 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Heidari Ehsan , Khollari Mohammad Amin Razmjoo , Soltani Reza
Published: May 2023

The role of LLTO coating in improving electrochemical performance and safety of NCM523 cathode materials.
Can the continuous symmetry measure TPR6 measure the axial magnetic anisotropy in hexacoordinated Co(ii) SIMs?
Authors: Tupolova Yulia P. , Lebedev Vladimir E. , Shcherbakov Igor N.
Published: May 2023

A nice correlation between the experimental axial magnetic anisotropy D values and TPR6 continuous symmetry measures (R ∼ 0.90) for a set of 64 mononuclear Co(ii) compounds with SIM properties was established and analyzed.
Photon bunching in cathodoluminescence induced by indirect electron excitation
Authors: Iyer Vasudevan , Roccapriore Kevin , Ng Jacob , Srijanto Bernadeta , Lingerfelt David , Lawrie Benjamin
Published: May 2023

Careful understanding of electron-beam excitation processes is crucial to the interpretation of cathodoluminescence g2(τ) imaging of nanoscale excited state dynamics.
Modifying a D–A–π–A–D HTM system for higher hole mobility by themeta-substitution strategy to weaken the electron-donating ability of the donor unit: a DFT study
Authors: Wang Ke-Li , Wang Qun-Gui , Hu Cui-E , Cheng Yan , Ji Guang-Fu , Chen Xiang-Rong
Published: May 2023

The weak electron-donating ability of the D group in the D–A–π–A–D system lowersλhand benefits the hole transport of HTMs, whilemeta-substitution can lowerλhand enhanceVecbetween dimers simultaneously, thus improving theμhof HTMs impressively.
Exploring SiliaCat Pd-DPP as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the multi-batch direct heteroarylation polymerization for P(NDI2OD-T2)
Authors: Kakde Navnath R. , S. K. Asha
Published: May 2023

Direct heteroarylation polymerization (DHAP) has been achieved for P(NDI2OD-T2) with a consistent molar mass using a modified A-B-A monomer and a recyclable heterogeneous SiliaCat Pd-DPP catalyst, for up to four consecutive reuses.
Biobased epoxy reactive diluents prepared from monophenol derivatives: effect on viscosity and glass transition temperature of epoxy resins
Authors: Malburet Samuel , Bertrand Hugo , Richard Cécile , Lacabanne Colette , Dantras Eric , Graillot Alain
Published: May 2023

The use of reactive diluents is undeniably of paramount importance to develop epoxy resins which would meet more demanding and restrictive processes and applications in terms of viscosity and glass transition temperature.
Constructing interface engineering and tailoring a nanoflower-like FeP/CoP heterostructure for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Linhua , Yang Hua , Wang Lulan , Li Yunwu , Yang Wenning , Sun Xu , Gao Lingfeng , Dou Mingyu , Li Dacheng , Dou Jianmin
Published: May 2023

A nanoflower-like bimetallic FeP/CoP-1-350 heterostructure electrocatalyst with rich interfaces shows excellent OER electrocatalytic activity.
Photocatalysis screening for group III–V vdW heterostructures constructed by MX (M = Ga, In and X = P, As) monolayers
Authors: Chen Yingjie , Jia Baonan , Qin Guoying , Zhao Huiyan , Han Lihong , Lu Pengfei
Published: May 2023

By combining different two-dimensional (2D) group III–V MX (M = Ga, In and X = P, As) monolayers, we designed 144 van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. After a careful screening process, we elected GaP/InP in a BB-II stacking configuration as the most promising photocatalyst.
Lewis acid catalyzed spiro annulation of (Z)-3-amino-acrylates with 2-amino arylbenzamides: one-pot synthesis of pyrrole–quinazoline hybrids
Authors: Soda Anil Kumar , Chinthapally Krishna Prasad , C. S. Phani Krishna , Chilaka Sai Krishna , Madabhushi Sridhar
Published: May 2023

Lewis acid promoted spiro annulation for the one-pot synthesis of novel pyrrole–quinazoline hybrid molecules as described.
Three-dimensional heterogeneity in liquid electrolyte structures promotes Na ion transport and storage performance in Na-ion batteries
Authors: Ma Mengying , Chen Binbin , Pan Huilin
Published: May 2023

Optimal electrolyte heterogeneity decouples local and global electrolyte structures, thus enabling a locally increased Na+ concentration and global 3D rapid Na+ transport path and robust interphases in Na-ion batteries.
A boron-nitride based dispersive composite coating on nickel-rich layered cathodes for enhanced cycle stability and safety
Authors: Chen Hsi , Chen Yan-Cheng , Liu Hao-Wen , Chang Shu-Jui , Liao Cheng-Hung , Parthasarathi Senthil-Kumar , Bolloju Satish , Weng Yu-Ting , Lee Jyh-Fu , Chen Jin-Ming , Sheu Hwo-Shuenn , Pao Chih-Wen , Wu Nae-Lih
Published: May 2023

A boron-nitride based dispersive composite coating, developed using a rapid low-temperature post-calcination process, has been shown to significantly improve the cycle stability and safety of Ni-rich layered cathodes.
Random double-cable conjugated polymers with controlled acceptor contents for single-component organic solar cells
Authors: Liu Baiqiao , Liang Shijie , Karuthedath Safakath , Xiao Chengyi , Wang Jing , Tan Wen Liang , Li Ruonan , Li Hao , Hou Jianhui , Tang Zheng , Laquai Frédéric , McNeill Christopher R. , Xu Yunhua , Li Weiwei
Published: May 2023

The random double-cable conjugated polymers pendent with near-infrared acceptors with tunable contents have been synthesized, exhibiting a high efficiency of 9.4% in single-component organic solar cells.
l-Cysteine and N-acetyl-l-cysteine-mediated synthesis of nanosilver-based sols and hydrogels with antibacterial and antibiofilm properties
Authors: Vishnevetskii Dmitry V. , Averkin Dmitry V. , Efimov Alexey A. , Lizunova Anna A. , Shamova Olga V. , Vladimirova Elizaveta V. , Sukhareva Maria S. , Mekhtiev Arif R.
Published: May 2023

Novel silver-based materials with enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm activity were prepared using l-cysteine and N-acetyl-l-cysteine, as bio-reducing agents, at ambient conditions without any additional components or other exposures.
An engineered dual-functional peptide with high affinity to demineralized dentin enhanced remineralization efficacy in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Li Meng , Tu Yuanyuan , Zhu Wanchun , Fan Menglin , Zhou Zilin , Yu Zhaohan , Wang Shunhua , Yang Yingming , Li Jiyao , Liang Kunneng
Published: May 2023

An engineered and biocompatible dual-functional peptide (CYP) was reported with binding capacity and formidable remineralization effects on collagen fibers and demineralized dentin in vitro to reverse the tooth decay process in the rat caries model.
An osteogenic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory nanocomposite hydrogel platform to accelerate bone reconstruction
Authors: Ullah Ismat , Hussain Zahid , Ullah Salim , Zahra Qurat ul ain , Zhang Yajie , Mehmood Shah , Liu Xingzhu , Kamya Edward , Waseem Ghani Muhammad , Mansoorianfar Mojtaba , Wang Zhili , Wang Zixun , Pei Renjun
Published: May 2023

Fabricating an organic–inorganic nanocomposite hydrogel platform with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and osteoinductive properties that mimic bone extracellular matrix composition is decisive for guiding bone development in orthopedic practice.
Extrinsic doping of Hg2GeTe4 in the face of defect compensation and phase competition
Authors: Porter Claire E. , Qu Jiaxing , Cielsielski Kamil , Ertekin Elif , Toberer Eric S.
Published: May 2023

Computation-guided selection of dopants enables the transformation of Hg2GeTe4 from intrinsic to degenerate carrier concentrations and the thermoelectric performance is assessed experimentally.
Inducing octahedral distortion to enhance NIR emission in Cr-doped garnet Ca3(Al, Sc)2Ge3O12
Authors: Cai Chuxin , Liu Shengqiang , Zhao Fangyi , Cai Hao , Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin
Published: May 2023

The luminescence intensity can be enhanced by inducing octahedral distortion in Ca3Al2−yScyGe3O12:0.04Cr3+ with the ion substitution of Sc3+ for Al3+.
Requirements‐related fault prevention during the transformation from formal specifications to programs
Authors: Li Jiandong , Liu Shaoying
Published: May 2023

Software faults are costly to find and remove from programs. It is better to avoid inserting the faults in the first place. The authors identify requirements‐related faults that can arise during the transformation of formal specifications into programs, analyse each to discover its causes, and propose corresponding fault prevention methods. The approach works by analysing a specification, decomposing it into specification fragments with different levels like components, determining the correct implementation order among the components, and enabling automated code generation for the components and other low‐level specification fragments. The approach seeks to reduce the faults in programs significantly by guiding programmers to work effectively and productively. The authors evaluate the approach's performance experimentally and compare it to the performance of a fault‐prevention method with industry applications.
Photometric determination of the mass accretion rates of pre-main-sequence stars
Authors: Tsilia Styliani , De Marchi Guido , Panagia Nino
Published: May 2023

Aims. We study the properties of low-mass stars recently formed in the field of the NGC 376 cluster in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC).

Methods. Using photometric observations acquired with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the V, I, and Hα bands, we identify 244 candidate pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars showing Hα excess emission at the 5σ level and with Hα equivalent width of 20 Å or more. We derive physical parameters for all PMS stars, including masses, ages, and mass accretion rates. We compare the effective mass accretion rate of stars in NGC 376 to that of objects in the NGC 346 cluster, with NGC 346 featuring similar metallicity but higher total mass and gas density.

Results. We find a median age of 28 Myr for this population (with 25th and 75th percentiles at about 20 and 40 Myr, respectively), in excellent agreement with previous studies of massive stars in the same field. The PMS stars are rather uniformly distributed across the field, whereas massive stars are more clustered. The spatial distribution of PMS objects is compatible with them having formed in the centre of the cluster and then migrating outwards. We find that in NGC 376 the mass accretion rate is systematically lower than in NGC 346 for stars of the same mass and age. This indicates that, in addition to metallicity, there are other environmental factors affecting the rate of mass accretion onto PMS stars. Our observations suggest that the gas density in the star-forming region might play a role.
Effect of stellar rotation on the development of post-shock instabilities during core-collapse supernovae
Authors: Buellet A.-C. , Foglizzo T. , Guilet J. , Abdikamalov E.
Published: May 2023

Context.The growth of hydrodynamical instabilities is key to triggering a core-collapse supernova explosion during the phase of stalled accretion shock, immediately after the birth of a proto-neutron star (PNS). Stellar rotation is known to affect the standing accretion shock instability (SASI) even for small rotation rates, but its effect on the onset of neutrino-driven convection is still poorly known.

Aims.We assess the effect of stellar rotation on SASI when neutrino heating is taken into account as well as the effect of rotation on neutrino-driven convection. The interplay of rotation with these two instabilities affects the frequency of the modem = 2, which can be detected with gravitational waves at the onset of a supernova explosion.

Methods.We used a linear stability analysis to study the dynamics of the accreting gas in the equatorial plane between the surface of the PNS and the stationary shock. We explored rotation effects on the relative strength of SASI and convection by considering a large range of specific angular momenta and neutrino luminosities.

Results.The nature of the dominant non-axisymmetric instability developing in the equatorial post-shock region depends on both the convection parameter,χ, and the rotation rate. Equatorial convective modes withχ ≳ 5 are hampered by differential rotation. At smallerχ, however, mixed SASI-convective modes with a large angular scale,m = 1,  2,  3, can take advantage of rotation and become dominant for relatively low rotation rates, at which centrifugal effects are small. For rotation rates exceeding ∼30% of the Keplerian rotation at the PNS surface, a new instability regime is characterised by a frequency that, when measured in units of the post-shock velocity and radius,vsh/rsh, is nearly independent of the convection parameter,χ. A strong progradem = 2 spiral dominates over a large parameter range and is favorable to the production of gravitational waves. In this regime, a simple linear relation exists between the oscillation frequency of the dominant mode and the specific angular momentum of the accreted gas.

Conclusions.Three different regimes of post-shock instabilities can be distinguished depending on the rotation rate. For low rotation rates (less than 10% of the Keplerian rotation at the PNS surface), differential rotation has a linear destabilising effect on SASI and a quadratic stabilising or destabilising effect on the purely convective equatorial modes depending on their azimuthal wavenumber. Intermediate rotation rates (10% to 30% of the Keplerian rotation) lead to the emergence of mixed SASI-convection-rotation modes that involve large angular scales. Finally, strong rotation erases the influence of the buoyancy and heating rate on the instability. This independence allows for a reduction in the parameter space, which can be helpful for gravitational wave analysis.