bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The First Wind Tunnel Test of the DLR's Multiple Swashplate System: Test Procedure and Preliminary Results
Authors:   German Aerospace Center - DLR, Kuefmann Philip ,   German-Dutch Wind Tunnels, Holthusen Hermann , Bartels Rainer , G. Berend , Schneider Oliver , Gomes Jorge , Postma Jos
Published: October 2024

In September 2015 the DLR completed the first wind tunnel test of its patented Multiple Swashplate System (META) in the DNW's Large Low-Speed Facility (LLF) in the Netherlands. During these tests, the potential of this new active rotor control system to effectively reduce noise, vibrations and power consumption using several individual blade control (IBC) strategies, including 2/rev inputs, was successfully demonstrated on two different model rotors without using actuators in the rotating frame. For a Mach-scaled Bo105 model rotor power reductions of up to -4% in level flight and reductions of the weighted 4/rev vibratory hub loads of up to -77% in descent flight configuration were measured, and BVI noise levels could be reduced by up to -4:5dB by the application of 3/rev HHC, confirming findings from the HART II test. For the second model rotor (FTK-rotor) the maximum reductions were measured at -3%, -52% and -3:9dB for power, vibrations and BVI-noise, respectively. The preliminary results presented within this paper provide an initial overview over the measurements taken and and outlook on further, more in-depth analyses which will be available after further data evaluation.
A Computational and Experimental Study of Flexible Insect-based Flapping Wing Aerodynamics and Structural Deformation
Authors:   University of Maryland - College Park, Lankford James , Chopra Inderjit
Published: October 2024

Combined flowfield and structural deformation experiments, in conjunction with a coupled computational aeroelastic analysis, were performed for well characterized, low-aspect ratio, insect-based flexible flapping wings at micro air vehicle (MAV) scale. Two-component time-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were performed to determine the evolution of the vortical flowfield about the wing. Additionally, a VICON motion capture system was used to track the passive wing deformations throughout the course of a flap cycle. The experimental flowfield and deflection measurements were compared against the results of the coupled computational fluid dynamics - computational structural dynamics (CFD-CSD) model. The CFD analysis was conducted using an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) solver and the CSD analysis consists of a general purpose multibody dynamics solver capable of modeling geometrically nonlinear beam and shell elements. Overall, the CFD-CSD results showed good agreement with the measured experimental flowfield and wing deformation data. Additionally, the coupled CFD-CSD solver was used to determine the effect of varied chordwise flexibility on the aerodynamic forces and flowfield. For the cases analyzed, decreasing chordwise flexibility was seen to significantly increase aerodynamic lift with minimal impact on aerodynamic drag. Aeroelastic tailoring of the wing may be used to improve wing performance and efficiency.
Experimental Model Validation of a Passive Balancing Device for Supercritical Helicopter Driveshafts
Authors:   Pennsylvania State University, Haidar Ahmad , Palacios Jose
Published: October 2024

A system of passive balancing devices could potentially be used to suppress vibrations in helicopter tailrotor driveshafts. Passive balancing devices for rotary shafts consist of masses restricted by concentric guides about the shaft axis. At supercritical shaft speeds, the balancing masses automatically adjust to counter imbalance due to uneven load distribution. The problem is highly nonlinear and requires comprehensive modeling to achieve satisfactory prediction of the balancing behavior. A frequency-scaled tailrotor driveshaft test rig was fabricated to test the performance of a passive balancing device and to validate a comprehensive model. The model includes balancing mass collisions and balancing mass interaction with the balancer track through friction. Experimentally, the passive balancing device on average reduced driveshaft transverse vibrations by 62% at steady-state. Models available in the literature predicted vibration amplitudes to within 68% of the experimental values. The new balancing model improved the prediction of shaft vibration amplitudes by a factor of 3.9 when compared to published models (18% vs. 68%). This suggests that friction and mass collisions cannot be ignored in passive balancer modeling and that passive balancing is a viable solution for suppressing driveshaft vibrations.
Flight Test Results for a New Mission-Adaptive Autonomy System on the RASCAL JUH-60A Black Hawk
Authors:   US Army ADD, Whalley Matthew ,   San Jose State University, Goerzen Chad , Takahashi Marc , Berrios Marcos , Mansur Hossein , Minor Joseph , Ott Carl , Morford Zachariah , Moralez Ernesto , Schulein Gregory
Published: October 2024

Flight test results are presented for a pilot-selectable autonomous system designed within a framework termed "Mission-Adaptive Autonomy." The system was tested on the U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate (ADD) RASCAL JUH-60A Black Hawk and included features such as obstacle field navigation, safe landing area determination with selectable landing points, threat avoidance, selectable flight level control, any-time redirection, and pilot-autonomy shared control. Control and display interfaces were designed to enable a pilot to work in concert with the available autonomy. Autonomy status and intent was displayed using both newly developed moving map symbology and symbology derived from existing forward-flight and landing-approach displays. Pilots were able to switch between autonomous control and conventional Level 1 attitude-command/attitude-hold (ACAH) manual control laws at will. Operationally relevant mission tasks were flown in a simulated degraded visual environment over urban areas with defined traffic control regions and at low level in mountainous terrain with pop-up threats. Three configurations were tested: 1) a baseline ACAH system with no autonomous features, 2) a display-only configuration that provided autonomous navigation guidance via display symbology, and 3) a full Mission-Adaptive Autonomy configuration.
Effects Of Vehicle- And Task-Related Motion Feedback On Operator Performance In Teleoperation
Authors:   Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Lächele Johannes , Venrooij Joost , Pretto Paolo , Bülthoff Heinrich
Published: October 2024

In this paper we present the results of two experiments performed using a teleoperation setup where operators control a simulated quadrotor in a virtual environment while perceiving visual and inertial motion feedback. Participants of this study performed a series of precision hover tasks. The experiments focused on how different motion feedback definitions affect operator performance and control effort. In the first experiment the effect of including different components of the quadrotor motion in the motion feedback was studied (referred to as "vehicle-related" motion feedback). In the second experiment, the effect of including task-related information in the motion feedback, in the form of a roll motion representing the offset between the desired and actual quadrotor position, was investigated (referred to as "task-related" motion feedback). In both experiments the effects of degraded visual quality was investigated. For both vehicle-related lateral motion feedback and task-related roll motion feedback, we found a significant increase in operator performance. Vehicle-related roll motion feedback showed no effect on operator performance. Control effort, defined as the overall stick deflection during the trials, decreased in vehicle-state roll motion conditions and increased in task-related motion feedback. The results show the applicability and benefits of providing task-related motion feedback in teleoperation.
Rotor Blade Optimization and Flight Testing of a Small UAV Rotorcraft
Authors:   Carleton University, Herniczek Mark , Jee Dustin , Sanders Brian , Feszty Daniel
Published: October 2024

Rotor blade optimization with blade airfoil Reynolds numbers between 100,000 and 500,000 - characteristic of radio controlled (RC) helicopters - was performed using Blade Element Momentum theory (BEMT) and demonstrated via flight tests. BEMT was used to test various airfoil profiles and rotor blade shapes using airfoil data from 2D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations with Reynolds numbers representative of the blade elements. A blade design utilizing a cambered profile, taper and twist was developed for increased performance in hover. Selected blade designs were manufactured and flight tested on a Blade 600X RC helicopter (671 mm blade radius) to validate the theoretical results. The best of the improved blade designs increased the Figure of Merit (FM) by 20% and reduced power consumption by 22% while keeping the rotational frequency constant. Reducing the rotational frequency from 2,000 to 1,500 RPM resulted in an additional 55% increase in the FM and 35% reduction in the power consumption, while a one-bladed design further improved endurance and range performance of the helicopter by as much as 20%. The presented results could serve as useful guidelines to small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) helicopter manufacturers and operators for increasing endurance, range and payload capabilities.
Vision Based Optimal Landing On a Moving Platform
Authors:   Georgia Institute of Technology, Nakamura Takuma , Haviland Stephen , Bershadsky Dmitry , Johnson Eric
Published: October 2024

This paper describes a vision-based control architecture designed to enable autonomous landing on a moving platform. The landing trajectory is generated by using the receding-horizon differential dynamic programming (DDP), an optimal control method. The trajectory generation is aided by the output of a vision-based target tracking system. The vision system uses multiple extended Kalman filters which allows us to estimate the position and heading of the moving target via the observed locations. The combination of vision-based target tracking system and the receding-horizon DDP gives an unmanned aerial vehicle the capability to adaptively generate a landing trajectory against tracking errors and disturbances. Additionally, by adding the exterior penalty function to the cost of the DDP we can easily constrain the trajectory from collisions and physically infeasible solutions. We provide key mathematics needed for the implementation and share the results of the image-in-the-loop simulation and flight tests to validate the suggested methodology.
Perception for Safe Autonomous Helicopter Flight and Landing
Authors:   Near Earth Autonomy, Singh Sanjiv ,   Carnegie Mellon University, Kaess Michael , Cover Hugh , Stambler Adam , Grocholsky Benjamin , Spiker Spencer , Mishler Jeff , Hamner Bradley , Strabala Kyle , Sherwin Gary , Bergerman Marcel , Hemann Garrett
Published: October 2024

Rotorcraft operating in unprepared locations must be capable of safe flight in the presence of unmapped obstacles and absence of GPS, and must be able to quickly and reliably assess a potential landing zone's suitability for landing. This paper presents technologies that address these needs and the result of their application to an actual unmanned helicopter prototype.
A Model-Based Approach to the Automated Design of Micro-Autonomous Multi-rotor Vehicle Systems
Authors:   Georgia Institute of Technology, Cheng Arthur ,   Army Research Laboratory, Beals Nathan , Fisher Zachary , Gautier Raphaël , Cooksey K. , Mavris Dimitri
Published: October 2024

Small unmanned aircraft systems provide a novel means to improve situational awareness via surveillance and reconnaissance for military operations at the squad level. In order to provide mission-capable assets to soldiers quickly and reduce logistical burden, an automated, model-based approach is presented for the design and manufacture of small unmanned aircraft systems. This design methodology uses performance and geometry requirements provided by the end-user as constraints on a full-factorial set of potential vehicle alternatives constructed from an inventory of modular and scalable vehicle components. The chosen feasible vehicle alternative is then automatically modeled in a computer aided engineering/design tool and manufactured using additive or other rapid manufacturing techniques. An asset is delivered back to the user within hours of the initial request. This paper describes the methodology in detail including the role of interfaces, logical rules embedded in the process, and error propagation in the modeling environment. Finally, it presents the results of flight tests of an output vehicle in order to validate the integrated modeling and manufacturing method. Vehicle endurance measured during the flight tests were in reasonable agreement with performance predictions provided by analytical and empirical models during the design process. By improving these models, a process which guarantees a mission-capable vehicle can be realized.
Autonomous Ship-board Landing using Monocular Vision
Authors:   The Pennsylvania State University, Holmes William , Langelaan Jack
Published: October 2024

This paper describes a system for landing a vertical take-off and landing vehicle on a moving deck using a monocular vision system and inertial measurement unit. Data from the vision system and IMU are used to compute an estimate of relative deck position, and a touchdown trajectory generator based on tau-guidance is used to compute a path to landing. A trajectory-following controller follows the landing path. Computing relative deck state means that GPS is not required. To tests the system, landings to both a stationary deck and a moving deck were done in an indoor flight facility using a hexacopter as flight platform. Truth data was collected using a motion capture system. In all cases tested the vehicle landed successfully.
Robust Autonomous Ship Deck Landing for Rotorcraft
Authors:   Near Earth Autonomy, Grocholsky Benjamin , DeFranco Patrick , Cover Hugh , Singh Ayman , Singh Sanjiv
Published: October 2024

Landing rotorcraft on a ship deck is a difficult and dangerous task. The US Navy is interested in expanding landing capabilities in degraded visual environments, with impaired or no GPS signal, and in autonomous operations, while at the same time reducing the cost of guidance infrastructure on the ship deck. This paper describes how a suite of multi-modal sensors can provide relative pose estimate from an aircraft to a ship deck in a wide range of conditions. The sensor suite enables robust performance while requiring minimal deck side infrastructure. We describe a three-phase trajectory planner that allow for safe, autonomous landing on a ship deck based on the relative pose estimate from the sensor suite and knowledge of the aircraft dynamics. At the aircraft approaches the ship, the trajectory planner uses a ship deck motion model to time the landing for minimal touchdown impact.
Detection of Forward Flight Limitations of Unmanned Helicopters
Authors:   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Voigt Andreas , Dauer Johann , Krenik Alex , Dittrich Joerg
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a method is proposed to determine the flight envelope limitations for steady forward flight with the purpose of performing a flight envelope expansion. First, the rotary wing system is analyzed. In this paper, an intermeshing rotor configuration, a SwissDrones Dragon 50, is used to demonstrate the approach. Next, relevant limitations of the forward flight are reviewed and analyzed with the help of the Helicopter Overall Simulation Tool (HOST). From this analysis, relevant measurement concepts are derived and consequently measurement parameters are defined. Following, a flight test instrumentation is developed including a small-scale rotor telemetry. This instrumentation is tested in flight test. The corresponding flight test program is briefly discussed. It consists of tethered hover flight and a level flight performance test. The results of these flight tests are discussed and used to determine the flight performance limitations encountered.
Flight Control System of a Tiltwing UAV
Authors:   RWTH Aachen University, Ostermann Tobias
Published: October 2024

This paper describes the development and validation process of the flight control system of a tiltwing UAV with focus on the transition control. Due to the capability to tilt its main wing the special aircraft type combines the advantages of a fixed-wing aircraft concerning flight performance and energy consumption with the VTOL capabilities of a rotary-wing configuration, which implies a high flexibility for multi role operations. Thus the hybrid aircraft concept closes a gap between common configurations. A particular challenge for the flight control system is to handle the unsteady states in transition phase between horizontal and vertical flight and to ensure full control of the aircraft at any time. The presented flight control system is designed for an aircraft with a wingspan of 6.56 ft / 2 m and a maximum gross weight of 24.25 lbs / 11 kg and was tested successfully within a software simulation environment as well as partially in a free flight test campaign.
An Overset Adaptive High-Order Approach for Blade-Resolved Wind Energy Applications
Authors:   University of Wyoming, Kirby Andrew ,   Parallel Geometric Algorithms LLC, Sitaraman Jay , Mavriplis Dimitri , Brazell Michael
Published: October 2024

An overset dual-mesh, dual-solver for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is presented for wind energy applications. The dual-mesh paradigm is implemented in a near-body/off-body mesh system utilizing an unstructured mesh for the near-body and a Cartesian mesh for the off-body. The dual-solver paradigm uses variable-order, mixed-discretization solvers optimized for the respective near-body/off-body grids. Preliminary results of a computational study of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Phase VI wind turbine are presented. Results for uniform axial inflow velocities (7, 10, and 15 m/s) compare computed and measured results, including total power and thrust, sectional pressure coefficient, and a down-stream wake deficit profile for a uniform axial inflow velocity of 10 m/s. Qualitative results are presented for a dynamically mesh adaptive off-body solver in the dual-mesh, dual-solver paradigm. Preliminary results using a statically refined mesh indicate the power and thrust curves are over predicted and the pressure coefficient results indicate good agreement for the pressure side of the rotor blade but over prediction the suction side.
The Role of Modeling and Simulation in the Mitigation of V-22 Tiltrotor Formation Flight Wake-Induced Roll-off
Authors:   Continuum Dynamics Inc., Wachspress Daniel ,   NAVAIR, Silva Mark ,   American Systems, Davis T. , Gaublomme Donald , Hayden Eric , Fean Tyler
Published: October 2024

A real-time free wake modeling capability developed by Continuum Dynamics, Inc. (CDI) was employed by NAVAIR in the mitigation of the wake-induced roll-off hazard experienced by V-22 tiltrotor aircraft while flying in formation in low-speed conversion mode flight. Sub-scale wind tunnel investigations indicated roll-upsets could exceed the control power of the aircraft. PIV measurements from the wind tunnel tests helped characterize the wake and provided the basis for a limited, steady-heading wake encounter simulation capability; however two roll-off events in 2008 occurring in descending turning flight underscored the need for a dynamic wake model. The wake model adopted was originally developed by CDI under a NASA SBIR program for evaluating wake turbulence hazards between fixed and rotary wing aircraft operating in congested airspace. Tiltrotor specific modifications to CDI's Multiple Aircraft Simulation Tool (MAST) wake model were made and empirical tuning undertaken to improve correlation with the scaled PIV wake measurements. The enhanced MAST wake model was then implemented in the V-22 simulator at NAVAIR's Manned Flight Simulator (MFS) and in an off-line analysis tool. Both were employed in NAVAIR's efforts to mitigate the roll-off hazard, including: characterization of tiltrotor wake with age for establishing NATOPS wake avoidance guidelines, investigation of formation flight roll-off events, development of real-time dynamic wake encounter simulation capability, support of control law design changes for improved lateral control power, development of roll-off recovery procedures, support of V-22 formation flight testing by providing pre-flight test conditions and post-flight encounter assessments, and the eventual implementation of a wake encounter simulation capability in the V-22 trainers.
Comparison of remimazolam and midazolam for preventing intraoperative nausea and vomiting during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Kyuho , Choi Seung Ho , Kim Sangil , Kim Hae Dong , Oh Hyejin , Kim Seung Hyun
Published: October 2024

Background: Preventing intraoperative nausea and vomiting (IONV) is crucial for maternal safety during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. While midazolam is known to prevent IONV, we hypothesized that remimazolam would be superior due to its minimal hemodynamic effects. We compared the effects of the two drugs on IONV.Methods: Parturients scheduled for cesarean section were randomly assigned to receive either midazolam or remimazolam. They received midazolam 2 mg or remimazolam 5 mg, with additional doses administered upon request. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of newly developed IONV during sedation. Other outcomes included overall IONV, rescue antiemetic use, shivering, hemodynamic variables, sedation scale scores, and satisfaction scores.Results: Data from 80 participants were analyzed. Deeper sedation was induced in the remimazolam group (PGroup × Time < 0.001) despite comparable hemodynamic trends between the groups. The incidence of overall IONV was comparable between the two groups (27.5% in the midazolam group vs. 17.5% in the remimazolam group, absolute risk reduction [ARR]: 0.100, 95% CI [−0.082, 0.282], P = 0.284); however, newly developed IONV during sedation was significantly reduced in the remimazolam group (20.0% vs. 5.0%, ARR: 0.150, 95% CI [0.009, 0.291], P = 0.043). The need for rescue antiemetics was also lower in the remimazolam group (15.0% vs. 2.5%, ARR: 0.125, 95% CI [0.004, 0.246], P = 0.048).Conclusion: Remimazolam significantly reduced the incidence and severity of newly developed IONV compared with midazolam, with minimal impact on hemodynamics, making it a useful sedative option for cesarean section.
Barriers and facilitators to primary care for people living with HIV and diabetes in Harare
Authors: Chireshe Rumbidzai , Naidoo Keshena , Manyangadze Tawanda
Published: October 2024

Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM) face significant challenges owing to the complex interplay between these chronic conditions and the need for comprehensive and integrated care. Service availability and readiness for primary care are essential for the health of individuals and populations.Aim: This study aimed to explore barriers and facilitators to the provision of care to the patients with HIV and T2DM comorbidity.Setting: The study was conducted at Primary health centres in Harare, Zimbabwe.Methods: A mixed-methods design was applied.Results: An audit of primary care facilities identified that there was adequate infrastructure and equipment for HIV and T2DM diagnosis and treatment. However, there are gaps in the availability of essential medicines and supplies, such as test strips for blood glucose monitoring. The assessment also showed that the centres had a chronic shortage of healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses and counsellors, and there was a need for additional training and support for healthcare providers in the management of HIV and T2DM.Conclusion: The study concludes that the delivery of health services to patients with HIV and T2DM at primary care centres in Harare, Zimbabwe, faces significant challenges. Suggestions included improved resource allocation and multisectoral collaboration to improve the delivery of healthcare services.Contribution: The research contributes insight into disparities between urban and rural primary care facilities in providing services, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to bridge gaps and enhance care quality.
Uncommon Pediatric Immune-Mediated Epilepsy: Disease Course, Diagnosis, and Outcome – A Series of Three Cases
Authors: Mahesan Aakash , Rohil Aradhana , Jauhari Prashant , Tripathi Madhavi , Chakrabarty Biswaroop , Kumar Atin , Gulati Sheffali
Published: October 2024

Immune-mediated epilepsy (IME) constitutes a substantial proportion of drug-refractory epilepsies. Rapid diagnosis and prompt immunosuppression are required along with antiseizure medications (ASMs). Here we report three unrelated children who presented with fever, encephalopathy, and refractory epilepsy and subsequently tested positive for rare intraneuronal and surface receptor antibodies, namely, contactin-associated protein like 2 (CASPR2), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), and paraneoplastic antigen Ma2 (PNMA2). In all of them, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was noncontributory. Electroencephalography showed nonspecific interictal epileptic discharges. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) brain scan revealed abnormality in metabolic pattern with hypermetabolism in basal ganglia, thalami, frontotemporal cortices, and cerebellar hemispheres, consistent with autoimmune encephalitis. Immunosuppression was initiated along with ASMs. Complete seizure freedom was achieved in GAD65 antibody IME and >50% seizure reduction in CASPR2 and PNMA2 antibody IME. A variable degree of behavioral problems persisted in all. Early immunosuppression is warranted in IME, but does not universally guarantee a complete response.
Comparative study of hemostatic profile between conventional methods and “Sonoclot Coagulation and Platelet Function Analyzer” in patients with septicemia
Authors: Mustafa Fairoz , Akshay H. M. , Krishnamurthy Vani
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Sonoclot Coagulation and Platelet Functional Analyzer (Sonoclot) operating on the principle of micro-viscometry is known to provide comprehensive information on the entire hemostatic process. We hypothesized that performing global hemostasis assessment in patients with sepsis would identify many more patients with altered hemostasis than the conventional tests.

OBJECTIVES:

We compared the hemostatic status determined by Sonoclot and that by conventional hemostatic tests.

METHODS:

It was a prospective analytical study conducted for 18 months in a tertiary care hospital. Sixty-one cases of septicemia admitted in the intensive care units were included in the study.

RESULTS:

Conventional hemostatic tests (platelet count, prothrombin time [PT], international normalized ratio, and activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT]) were compared with the Sonoclot parameters. Conventional hemostatic parameter PT was prolonged in 60.7% and APTT in 31.1%. Overall, 65.6% of the patients had prolonged coagulation on assessment by conventional hemostatic parameters. Sonoclot-derived parameter-activated clotting time was prolonged in 31.1%, indicating 31.1% of cases to have a hypocoagulable state. The clot rate was increased in 93.4% of subjects, indicating 93.4% to have a hypercoagulable state. Thrombocytopenia was seen in 34.4% and thrombocytosis in 10%. Defective platelet function was observed in 92% of the cases in Sonoclot, and all of them had normal platelet counts. This finding was statistically significant.

CONCLUSION:

Information about hemostatic status identified by Sonoclot is significantly higher and more complete than that identified by conventional coagulation tests in septicemic patients.
Initiation of the Dutch Inguinal Hernia Audit (DIHA): A survey on support for registration, obstacles, and possible areas of improvement
Authors: Meuzelaar Richtje R. , den Hartog Floris P. J. , Tanis Pieter J. , Schiphorst Anandi H. W. , Burgmans Josephina P. J.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Quality assessment and improvement of surgical procedures can be achieved by clinical audits that provide feedback on benchmarking of surgical outcomes. The Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing (DICA) has successfully initiated registries with a clear impact on healthcare quality. Currently, there is no Dutch national inguinal hernia (IH) audit. This survey aimed to investigate the opinions of Dutch surgeons regarding the registration of IH care and explore potential obstacles in the implementation of a Dutch Inguinal Hernia Audit (DIHA).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A web-based survey was sent to all (>2,000) members of the Dutch Surgical Society, including surgeons and residents.

RESULTS:

Two-hundred sixty-seven respondents replied between April 14 and June 26, 2022 (hospital distribution: 36% small peripheral, 44% large peripheral, 11% academic, 2% specialized clinic). Almost two-thirds (60%) agreed that the quality of IH care should be improved. Similarly, nearly two-thirds (59%) answered that this improvement could be achieved through registration of surgical outcomes. Those opposed to registration stated fear of increased administrative burden and that the quality of care is already adequate. The majority of respondents agreed that chronic postoperative inguinal pain (CPIP; 81%) and recurrence rate (81%) should be used as quality indicators of IH surgery and registered as patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

CONCLUSION:

The majority of respondents agree that the quality of IH care could potentially be improved by implementing a national IH registry, with registration of CPIP and recurrence rate as quality indicators. Collecting these PROMs in a digital, automated format will facilitate successful implementation by minimizing administrative burden.
Geographical Analysis of Acute Respiratory Infection in Cold Desert Ladakh - India: Unraveling Spatio-temporal Dynamics and Risk Factors
Authors: Khanday Aijaz Ahmad , Rather G. M. , Lone Adnan Hussain , Kumar Mushtaq Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) represents a pervasive global health concern, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. Our findings reveal a notably high prevalence of ARI in Ladakh. Employing a cross-sectional design, the total number of households surveyed was 401, among them, the total population was 2107; males, 1153, and females, 954. The highest incidence rate of 160.26/1000 persons was observed in the age group below 14 years, followed by those above 59 years (47.76), while the age group of 14–59 exhibited the lowest incidence rate at 21.23. To explore the factors contributing to ARI in Ladakh, we employed binary logistic regression modeling. Our analysis highlights significant associations between ARI incidence and various socioeconomic and environmental determinants. Notably, primary occupation, family type, kitchen ventilation, domestic fuel consumption, crowding, and smoking behaviors within families were found to be statistically significant determinants of ARI among the sample population of Ladakh.
Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Mpox Cases Identified Through Case-based Surveillance in India, July 2022–January 2023
Authors: Kuriakose Serin , Gupta Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Anuj , Kumar Jyoti , Kulkarni Sanket , Chauhan Himanshu , Relhan Vineet , Meenakshy V. , Gopalakrishnan Lakshmi Geetha , Singh S. K. , Bahl Arti , Tanwar Sukarma , Dikid Tanzin
Published: October 2024

Background:

Of the 43 mpox cases reported by the WHO in South East Asia between January 2022 and March 2023, 24 (56%) were from India.

Objectives:

We describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of cases identified through India’s hospital case-based surveillance.

Materials and Methods:

We identified mpox cases as a positive result for mpox virus polymerase-chain-reaction assay, reported through surveillance from July 1, 2022 to January 7, 2023. Cases and clinicians were interviewed, and data were abstracted from the medical records. We conducted contact tracing among family, close social networks, and healthcare personnel staff for the first 17 cases. We collected the data on sociodemographics, clinical findings, and behavior, and described data using summary statistics.

Results:

We identified 24 laboratory-confirmed cases (42% females, median age 30 years, range 22–38), including one death (case fatality rate 4.2%). We collected clinical and behavioural data from 21 of 24 cases. All had rashes with vesicles and genital lesions; 7 (33%) reported genital lesions as the first symptom; and 3 (13%) reported complications. Among the 21 cases, all were sexually active, none self-identified as men having sex with men (MSM), and 6 (29%) reported multiple sex partners. We identified 51 contacts of the first 17 reported cases, none reported symptoms suggestive of mpox.

Conclusion:

The clinical and behavioral characteristics of mpox cases in India are consistent with the global 2022 outbreak, with the exception that no cases in India reported MSM. Most were sexually active young adult economic migrants and developed genital lesions.
A Comprehensive Review of Electromyography in Rehabilitation: Detecting Interrupted Wrist and Hand Movements with a Robotic Arm Approach
Authors: Savoji Kimia , Soleimani Masoumeh , Moshayedi Ata Jahangir
Published: October 2024

Electromyography (EMG) is a diagnostic technique that measures the electrical activity generated by skeletal muscles. Utilizing electrodes placed either on the skin (surface EMG) or inserted directly into the muscle(intramuscular EMG), it detects electrical signals produced during muscle contractions. EMG is widely employed in clinical and research settings to assess muscle function, diagnose neuromuscular disorders,and guide rehabilitation therapy. Over the years, EMG has evolved from a basic measurement tool into an essential technology within clinical and research environments, propelled by advances in recording techniques and digital innovations. The integration of wearable technology and artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly expanded its applications, particularly in rehabilitation and sports science. By capturing muscle electrical activity through surface or intramuscular electrodes, EMG benefits from enhanced signal processing that improves accuracy and data analysis. Despite challenges such as signal interference and the complexities of movement patterns—especially in wrist and hand rehabilitation—EMG combined with robotic systems offers real-time feedback for precise and personalized therapy. However, obstacles like cost, complexity, and variability among patients still remain. Future advancements aim to make EMG more accessible and to integrate AI for tailored rehabilitation strategies, alongside improvements in sensors and wireless communication to enhance reliability and performance. This review explores various facets of EMG,from its fundamental principles to its application in detecting disrupted wrist and hand movements through robotic approaches. It provides a comprehensive analysis of EMG’s historical and technological evolution, recent innovations like AI and wearable devices, and its extensive applications in rehabilitation and sports science. Detailed case studies illustrate its effectiveness in areas such as stroke recovery and spinal cord injury rehabilitation. Additionally, the review addresses challenges like technical limitations and patient variability while emphasizing the integration of EMG with robotic systems for personalized therapy. It also discusses the significance of real-time feedback, future enhancements in AI and sensor technology, and the pressing need for more affordable, user-friendly solutions to improve therapeutic outcomes.
Multi-Locus Sequence Typing–Based Genetic Analysis, Antifungal Resistance, and Clinical Prognosis of Cryptococcus neoformans Infections in HIV-Infected Patients in Northern China
Authors: Dai Fang-Fang , Yu Yan-Hua , Lu Xin-Xin
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics and drug sensitivity of Cryptococcus from HIV-infected patients and their relationship with patients’ prognosis. Seventy-six strains were collected and identified to the species level by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry, confirmed by internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Multi-locus sequence typing was used for the typing of Cryptococcus, and its antifungal susceptibility was tested using FUNGUS 3. The clinical outcomes of the patients were reviewed at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups. All strains were Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii classified into seven sequence types (STs) dominated by ST5, ST31, and a new ST702 strain. The 6- and 9-month survival rates were highest for patients infected with ST31, ST32, and ST174. The antifungal resistant rates were 13.2%, 2.6%, and 1.4% for fluconazole, amphotericin B, and 5-fluorocytosine. Except itraconazole, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and wild type (WT)/non–wild type (NWT) of Cryptococcus for antifungal drugs were not related to the clinical prognosis of HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal infection. ST5 was the main ST type, and the new ST702 type was found in a patient who died in a short period of time. Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii had a relatively high antifungal drug resistance rate to fluconazole. The WT strain accounted for the highest proportions for 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, and itraconazole. The MIC values of Cryptococcus for first-line antifungal drugs showed no relationship with clinical prognosis, implying that MIC values cannot be used to predict the clinical outcome of these patients.
Numerical Investigations on Reducing Unburned Hydrocarbon and Carbon
Monoxide Emissions in Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Using Partial
Reactivity Stratification with Alternative Fuels and Additive
Authors: Tripathi Saurabh , Krishnasamy Anand
Published: October 2024

A numerical investigation has been performed in the current work on
reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI), a low-temperature combustion
(LTC) strategy that is beneficial for achieving lower oxides of nitrogen
(NOx) and soot emission. A light-duty diesel engine was modified
to run in RCCI mode. Experimental data were acquired using diesel as HRF
(high-reactivity fuel) and gasoline as LRF (low reactivity fuel) to check the
accuracy and fidelity of predicted results. Blends of ethanol and gasoline with
DTBP (di-tert-butyl peroxide) addition in a small fraction on an energy basis
were used in numerical simulations to promote ignitability and reactivity
enhancement of PFI charge. Achieving stable, smooth, and gradual combustion in
RCCI is challenging at low loads, especially in light-duty engines, due to
misfiring and poor combustion stability. DTBP is known for enhancing cetane
number and accelerating combustion, and it is mixed in a PFI blend to avoid
combustion deterioration. The factors governing reactivity stratification to
achieve optimal combustion phasing were investigated in the present study. DTBP
decomposition and its low-temperature oxidation chemistry were found to be
responsible for affecting combustion phasing, heat release patterns, and
emission trends. DTBP additive and different in-cylinder strategies were applied
and studied to reduce unburned emissions. Adopting a multiple injection approach
utilizing dual-pulse assisted in reducing HC and CO levels. It enhances
combustion quality by providing adequate control over combustion phasing.
Altering operating parameters like intake temperatures reduced HC, CO, and soot
emissions by 97.6%, 57.6%, and 52.8%, respectively, compared to baseline
gasoline/diesel RCCI data. Optimizing the injection timings of the first and
second pulse helps achieve optimal combustion phasing and a 72.95% reduction in
NOx emissions. The higher injection pressure of DI helped lower
the CO and soot emissions by 53.33% and 51.84%, respectively.
Is It Chaotic? An Examination of the Harmonic Materials in Razak Abdul Aziz’s Etude No. 5 for Solo Piano
Authors: Zamani Mohd Fairuz
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the adoption of chaos theory into Etude No. 5 by Razak Abdul Aziz. Using pitch-class set to analyse the work, the study unveils several chaotic elements. By providing a unique perspective of investigating musical works from the viewpoint of chaos, this study enriches music scholarship.
Revolutionizing Music Production with ChatGPT Applications: Accessibility, Creativity, and Impact on the Industry in China
Authors: Yi Wang
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the revolutionization of the application of ChatGPT with respect to its accessibility, creativity, and impact on music industry in China. To achieve this, the study employed Z-test technique for difference in proportion and the ordered logistic regression model. These methods were used to explore deeper into suitable strategies using survey with a sample size of 385 music artists including music producers, songwriters, artists/musicians, and sound engineers.
»Hodim nekam svoja pota.« Slogovna vprašanja ob simfoničnem opusu Vladimirja Lovca
Authors: Pompe Gregor
Published: October 2024

Predmet analize so simfonična dela Vladimirja Lovca, ki sicer ne predstavljajo osrednjega dela skladateljevega opusa, gotovo pa odsek, ki kaže splošne skladateljeve estetske in poetološke značilnosti. V estetskem pogledu je avtor zavezan tradicionalnemu izrazu, ki pa ga skuša mestoma eklektično dopolnjevati še z drugimi slogi preteklosti. Pri tem se kot posebej izstopajoče pokaže, da avtor, kljub raznolikim slogovnim impulzom, zelo pogosto sledi lastnim oblikovalnim postopkom, torej poetološkim načelom, ob katerih se zazdi, da je potrebno Lovčev opus motriti v njegovem odnosu do evropskega in slovenskega modernizma.
Pregled življenjske poti in glasbenega delovanja Vladimirja Lovca (1922–1992)
Authors: Filipčič Gardina Helena
Published: October 2024

Vladimir Lovec (1922–1992) je pomembno soustvarjal glasbeno življenje Kopra in slovenske Istre v 2. polovici 20. stoletja kot skladatelj, dirigent, pedagog in ravnatelj koprske glasbene šole, glasbeni kritik in publicist ter dejaven pri organizaciji glasbenih dogodkov, s svojimi kompozicijami pa je prispeval tudi k slovenski glasbeni dediščini.
Formalising the Double-Pushout Approach to Graph Transformation
Authors: Söldner Robert , Plump Detlef
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we utilize Isabelle/HOL to develop a formal framework for the
basic theory of double-pushout graph transformation. Our work includes defining
essential concepts like graphs, morphisms, pushouts, and pullbacks, and
demonstrating their properties. We establish the uniqueness of derivations,
drawing upon Rosens 1975 research, and verify the Church-Rosser theorem using
Ehrigs and Kreowskis 1976 proof, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of our
formalisation approach. The paper details our methodology in employing
Isabelle/HOL, including key design decisions that shaped the current iteration.
We explore the technical complexities involved in applying higher-order logic,
aiming to give readers an insightful perspective into the engaging aspects of
working with an Interactive Theorem Prover. This work emphasizes the increasing
importance of formal verification tools in clarifying complex mathematical
concepts.
La producción de frijol en Zacatecas como un aporte a la sostenibilidad: diferentes escenarios
Authors: Favila Amaya Yareli del Carmen , Ramírez Hernández Leticia Adriana , Ortiz Medina Imelda , Martínez Pérez Jorge
Published: October 2024

El tema de la agricultura ocupa un lugar muy importante en la economía zacatecana. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la producción 2021, de dos tipos de semilla: frijol bayo y frijol pinto saltillo en el municipio de Gral. Francisco R. Murguía. Con base en el recurso disponible, debido a que este es una de las principales limitantes y teniendo en cuenta los riesgos que cada una de las semillas tiene para poder llegar a su etapa final que es la venta. Se abordan diferentes casos usando el método simplex. Por lo tanto, se encuentra la óptima opción de siembra para los agricultores de la región, de tal manera que no se tenga perdida de recurso y por ende, se obtenga la mayor de las utilidades.
Optimización económica en una peña orgánica de municipio Juchipila-Zacatecas
Authors: Flores Félix Geniviere , Solís Hurtado Jessica Juridia , Arreola Medina María del Carmen , Arreola Medina Tania Indira
Published: October 2024

El objetivo principal de este proyecto es optimizar la utilización de recursos con los que cuenta siembra de limón persa y de nogal en el municipio de Juchipila, Zacatecas. Se implementó el método simplex para precisar la optimización limitada por el total de hectáreas disponibles en el terreno de siembra, el total del capital a invertir para los gastos totales y así como el tiempo de uso de las máquinas requeridas. Se obtiene como resultado que es necesario que en el rancho se trabajen 10 hectáreas de limón persa y 6 hectáreas de nogal, generando como resultado una maximización de la utilidad. Por lo tanto, en este trabajo además de que se analiza el problema de forma matemática se da solución a una optimización de beneficios que contribuirán al proyecto de emprendimiento.
Kazakhstani village: the need for radical transformation
Authors:   Zhangir khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University, Begeeva M. , Aitakhanov Y. ,   National Agrarian Scientific and Educational Center, Eszhanova A. ,   National Agrarian Scientific and Educational Center
Published: October 2024

Purpose - the tendencies of development of rural areas of Kazakhstan are shown. Methods - economic analysis, statistical methods were used in analyzing the data on the number of rural population in dynamics, graphical - for structuring the information and its visual presentation. Results - the article outlines the current trends and prospects of rural settlements (RS) of the republic, considers demographic processes, economic factors, migration flows. Special attention is paid to the state support initiatives aimed at improving the living standards of rural residents. The authors highlight the stages of building up the resources of rural areas of the country in the context of the implementation of state programs, each of which has specific goals and objectives aimed at improving the lives of rural residents, reducing their outflow from rural to urban areas caused by limited employment opportunities, low standard of living, insufficient access to quality services: education, health care. It is noted that in 20 regions of Kazakhstan adapted and implemented the program "One Village - One Product" (OVOP), focused on the production of the most promising products with high market potential, the creation of sustainable value chains of agricultural products for agricultural enterprises and farmers, promoting saturation of the domestic market with high-quality competitive food products. Conclusions - solving the problems of strengthening rural areas is in direct dependence on the effective policy of the state in the sphere of agro-industrial complex. Currently, emphasis is placed on the future of the Kazakhstani village, its modern infrastructure. Organizational, managerial and economic approaches, digitalization in agriculture allows to accelerate the pace of integrated socio-economic development of RS, increase the income of the rural population, stabilize the demographic situation and increase the investment attractiveness of territories.