bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Factors Associated with the Serological Status in Dairy Cattle in Western Region of Thailand
Authors: Thongtem Niramol , Lertwatcharasarakul Preeda , Yatbantoong Nantawan , Arunvipas Pipat
Published: December 2022

Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes productive losses and reproductive failure in dairy farms. This study defined the seroprevalence and determined the factors associated with BVDV infection in dairy cows in the western region of Thailand. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 732 cows in 30 randomly selected dairy herds. The BVDV antibody was detected using a commercial indirect ELISA kit (IDEXX®BVDV Total Ab, IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Maine, USA). A questionnaire about the herd management was used to collect data via interviews with farm owners. The variables identified by Fisher’s Exact Test (p less than 0.20) were then analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Result: Individual prevalence of BVDV infection was 36.89% (270/732), while herd prevalence was 93.33% (28/30). Significant risk factors of BVDV based on the univariate analysis were identified as area, herd size, feeding type, history of abortion, pen of calving, biosecurity and pet on farm (p less than 0.05). Biosecurity using no disinfectant (p=0.02) (OR, 1.32; CI 95%, 1.038-1.669), pet on farm (p=0.03) (OR, 4.72; CI 95%, 1.142-19.501) and history of abortion (p=0.00) (OR, 0.02; CI 95%, 0.004-0.140) were significant, based on multivariate regression analysis. Pen of calving (p=0.01) (OR, 0.24; CI 95%, 0.084-0.667) was a protective factor for BVDV infection. BVDV infection in dairy cattle herds was distributed throughout the western region of Thailand.
Chemical risk: state of the art of chemical substances exposure assessment
Authors: Mora Barrantes Jose Carlos , Karla Alfaro-Aguilar  , Melany Murillo-Chaverri  , Marielia Calderón-Quesada  , Ana Julia González-Marín
Published: December 2022

Given the ability of chemical substances to generate possible adverse effects on people’s health, it is necessary to identify, collect and integrate all the information related to the dangers associated with these substances. Throughout the years, the definition of risk has had different interpretations, which has given rise to different alternatives for its evaluation and management. Currently, there are several equipment and tools used in chemical risk assessment. In the present study, a bibliographic review was carried out for different chemical scenarios where sixteen chemical risk assessment methodologies were analysed during the period 2003-2020 that correspond to both, qualitative and quantitative methods. In conclusion, the risk assessment methodologies have undergone changes over the years according to the needs and increasing complexity of the systems where they apply, artificial intelligence could also be a useful tool in chemical risk assessment.
Key Considerations: Cross-Border Dynamics Between Uganda and Kenya in the Context of the Outbreak of Ebola, 2022
Authors: Lamarque Hugh , Brown Hannah
Published: December 2022

This brief summarises key considerations concerning cross-border dynamics between Uganda and Kenya in the context of the outbreak of Ebola (Sudan Virus Disease, SVD) in Uganda. It is part of a series focusing on at-risk border areas between Uganda and four high priority neighbouring countries: Kenya; Rwanda; Tanzania, and South Sudan. The outbreak began in Mubende District, Uganda on 19 September 2022, approximately 340km from the Kenyan border. At the time of writing (December 2022), the outbreak had spread to eight Ugandan districts, including two in the Kampala metropolitan area. Kampala is a transport hub, with a population over 3.6 million. While the global risk from SVD remains low according to the World Health Organization (WHO), its presence in the Ugandan capital has significantly heightened the risk to regional neighbours. Kenya is categorised as a priority level 1 country, following a case in Jinja on the road between Kampala and the Kenyan border, on 13 November 2022. A total of 23 suspected cases were tested in Kenya up to 1 December 2022, all with negative results. To date, no case of SVD has been imported into the country from Uganda. This brief provides details about cross-border relations between the two states, the political and economic dynamics likely to influence these, and the specific areas and actors most at risk. The brief is based on a rapid review of existing published and grey literature, news reports, previous ethnographic research in Kenya and Uganda, and informal discussions with colleagues from the International Organisation for Migration, UNICEF, UNDP, Save the Children, the Kenyan Red Cross Society, the Kenyan Ministry of Health (MoH) and Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries in Kenya, and the Safe Water and AIDS project in Kisumu. It was requested by the Collective Service, written by Hugh Lamarque (University of Edinburgh) and Hannah Brown (Durham University) and supported by Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica). It was further reviewed by colleagues from Anthrologica, the Institute of Development Studies, and the Collective Service. This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
LIVRO DIDÁTICO DE ARTE DO 6º ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DA BNCC
Authors: Vianna Nascimento Wagner
Published: December 2022

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o livro didático de Arte para os Anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental, considerando a estrutura didática e metodológica da obra, bem como suas relações com o ensino de Arte como componente da Área de Linguagens, de acordo com a organização da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), documento norteador dos currículos escolares. Para tanto, a análise volta-se ao livro do 6º ano, pertencente a uma coleção de livros de Arte do 6º ao 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental, intitulada “Por toda pArte”, da Editora FTD (2018), aprovada pelo Plano Nacional do Livro Didático como sugestão a ser adotada pelas escolas, em vigência até o ano de 2022. Para a análise nos apoiamos em duas competências específicas da área de Linguagens, a qual componente se insere e uma específica de Arte para os Anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental. A metodologia adotada é do tipo qualitativa, e como procedimento técnico a análise documental e para referencial teórico a revisão bibliográfica, por meio de teses e dissertações defendidas em programas de Pós-Graduação que se relacionam com a temática. O estudo revelou que o livro analisado está de acordo com as competências da BNCC analisadas, onde os capítulos da obra podem ser trabalhados de acordo com o contexto do professor na ordem apresentada ou de forma aleatória. Ainda com relação as competências analisadas a obra contempla em sua totalidade, sendo a apresentação teórica dos temas e a abordagem na perspectica da História da Arte se apresentam de modo contínuo nas propostas de atividades, contemplando ainda as múltiplas linguagens artísticas, como por exemplo a música, dança e atividades de produção artística individual ou coletiva pelos estudantes. Sugere-se a continuidade do estudo, de modo que análise seja ampliada para toda a coleção ou outra coleção de Arte, tendo em vista a pouca produção acdêmica sobre o tema bem como pesquisas correlatas.
Pelibatan Private Military Company dalam Misi Perdamaian di Afganistan oleh PBB di Tahun 2014
Authors: Prasetyo Cahyo Tri , Albayumi Fuat , Hara Abubakar Eby
Published: December 2022

The level of security in Afghanistan has started to deteriorate since American military activities began. This is because the fight between the United States and the Taliban organization is causing an increasing number of civilian deaths. The United Nations (UN) is now involved in settling the conflict in Afghanistan as a result of the escalating conflict conditions there. In addition to deploying troops from member nation contingents, the UN also enlists the aid of a Private Military Company (PMC) to help carry out the peace mission in Afghanistan. However, International organization role theory and rational choice theory are both used in this Article.

Keyword : UN, PMC, Afganistan
Capacity Building of Society Affected By Floods Through Local Volunteer Community In Dringu Village Probolinggo City
Authors: Wahyuni Hayu , Suhartini Elly , Arifiyanti Jati
Published: December 2022

Dringu Village is a village that floods often occur that is every rainy season. In 2021 Dringu Village experienced a servere flash flood disaster that had many impacts on the Dringu Village community. After the flood disaster, the people of Dringu Village formed a “komunitas relawan lokal” to be able to help each other. This local volunteer community was formed by the concerned of the community affected by the flood disaster. Those who join the “komunitas relawan lokal” are people affected by the flash flood disaster and the community of women. Community participation in disaster management can create a development of community capacity in facing flood disasters. This research uses a qualitative method, analyzed uses theory of communicative action by Jurgen Habermas.

Keywords: dringu village; komunitas relawan lokal; flood; capacity
The essence of public expertise as a form of public control
Authors: Zelepukin Roman V. , Lipuntsova Anna V.
Published: December 2022

The problem is posed by the fact that under the current conditions, public expertise does not reveal the potential of its social significance, it is required to resolve issues of initiative, expanding the objects of public expertise, proper acceptance and accounting for the results of expertise, responsibility for ignoring them, as well as the ratio of types of public expertise based on their level regulation. The purpose of work is to identify and analyze the essence of public expertise as a form of public control. The subject of the study includes the regulatory framework for organizing and conducting public expertise as a form of public control, doctrinal approaches to the essence and content of public expertise, as well as the practice of conducting it. The methodological basis of the presented work is modern general scientific methods and techniques of cognition. We use dialectical, structural-functional, formal-legal, comparative-legal, system-structural and other methods. We establish that the legislative definition of public expertise provides in its content for the evaluation of not only normative legal acts and their drafts, but also other documents, as well as actions (inaction) of public authorities, however, in practice, normative legal acts and their drafts have become the main object of public expertise, which actually limits its essence and purpose.
Causal relationship and other causal dependences in careless crimes
Authors: Verina Galina V.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: in modern realities, the criminal law concept of the necessary causation ceases to be universal, which causes serious concern for scientists and initiates cognitive processes in this legal space. The raised set of scientific and applied issues, due, among other things, to the rapid development of digitalization and artificial intelligence, the integration of new technologies in all spheres of life, accumulates the most important theoretical and applied problem of cause-and-effect relationship and other causal dependencies between a socially dangerous act and a socially dangerous consequence. This problem, according to the scientific hypothesis, a priori, is most clearly highlighted in the legal field of careless crimes. The purpose of the research is to find arguments for the validity and veracity of the scientific hypothesis put forward, the criterion for the truth of which can be judicial practice, as well as to identify the peculiarities of Causal relationship in careless crimes. Methodology: from the point of view of the methodological basis, the study relies on the universal philosophical method of cognition of criminal law matter, as well as a number of general scientific and private scientific methods, including analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, content analysis, hermeneutic and dogmatic methods, etc. Results of the research and conclusions: first of all, the validity of the scientific hypothesis put forward has been proven. The cause-and-effect relationship between a socially dangerous act and a socially dangerous consequence in careless crimes of the investigated type affiliation (against traffic safety and operation of transport, as well as against life and health of the individual) can be explained taking into account the complex conceptual approach synthesizing rational “grain” of theories of necessary and incoming causality (the latter is a private manifestation of the theory “conditio sine qua non”). The peculiarity of the harm caused in careless crimes of the investigated type is its indirect nature, due to the nuances of an objective situation, the development of phenomena and events of the objective world, physical laws, patient behavior, its physiological state, the action of mechanisms, the “behavior” of artificial intelligence, etc. It is also important to state that in the context of the presented careless crimes, it is more correct to talk not about cause-and-effect relationship, but about other causal dependencies.
The problem of the interest of arbitration managers in bankruptcy cases. Lender’s view
Authors: Sasykin Konstantin Y.
Published: December 2022

We consider a rather acute issue of organizing effective management of business activities in a crisis situation. In particular, we bring out some problems related to the assessment of the reasons for the development of bankruptcy practices in Russia, especially for citizens, namely, the issue of approval by courts of arbitration managers, control over their activities, and removal is discussed as one of the main problems. The relevance of the issue is emphasized by the fact that today the managers approved by the courts have significant tools for abuse (including latent ones), which, of course, requires better legislative enforcement of the requirements of disinterest, conscientiousness and reasonableness. To date, the legislator and judicial practice of the highest courts are making attempts to improve bankruptcy procedures, including a movement towards leveling the influence of the debtor, related lenders on bankruptcy proceedings. At the same time, the institution of approval of the arbitration manager, control over his activities and removal continues to be at an intermediate stage of development. With reference to international practice, our position is expressed on the need to introduce into Russian legislation mechanisms for random automatic selection of arbitration managers for the purpose of their approval in bankruptcy proceedings, as well as the possibility of unconditional removal of already approved managers on the grounds of mistrust on the part of the majority of lenders with the establishment of a fair compensation mechanism. We also propose strengthening the criminal liability of participants in bankruptcy proceedings, including the introduction of a special composition on the liability of an arbitration manager.
Issues of the theory of international cooperation in the field of security within the framework of BRICS
Authors: Asadov Babek R. , Gavrilenko Vladimir A. , Nemchenko Stanislav B.
Published: December 2022

We analyze the problems of finding the most effective collective security mechanisms at various levels. The relevance of this topic is due to the priority of the tasks of modern states in the field of maintaining security. Issues of the theory of legal regulation of interstate relations are of particular relevance. The growing tension and other destructive tendencies in the modern world create many prerequisites for a possible transition to another level of international cooperation in the field of security. The development of new alliances and attempts to expand the role of existing interstate mechanisms actualize the issues of improving the formats of international cooperation in this area. BRICS, one of the key formats of multilateral cooperation aimed at creating their own model of interaction, continues to offer participants the opportunity to demonstrate not only an important geo-economic and humanitarian role, but also geopolitical significance in the world. We conclude that the growing influence of many factors of the new geopolitical reality determines the renewal of existing security strategies and the formation of new BRICS priorities. The need to expand the role of BRICS in this area, in which the influence of certain internal factors and especially the changing conjuncture of international relations on this process is still important, requires the use of the most flexible mechanisms and channels of cooperation aimed at both developing BRICS soft security mechanisms and on the further improvement of their own system of collective security as a whole. The above study and conclusions contribute to the development of the science of the theory of state and law in the field of regulation of international relations.
The impact of digitalization on the process of legal activity
Authors: Belyanskaya Olga V. , Chomaev Albert A.
Published: December 2022

We consider digitalization as a factor influencing the functioning and development of legal activity, its role in the development of the legal life of Russian society is determined. The development of digitalization in the legal sphere is one of the important conditions for the entry of the Russian Federation into fundamentally new positions in international relations, the assertion of digital sovereignty, which has become very relevant in the light of new challenges and threats to the statehood of Russia. We analyze the opinions of scientists regarding the possibility and extent of the impact of digitalization on legal activity. We evaluate digital technologies from the standpoint of their use in various types of legal activities, primarily in lawmaking and law enforcement, and in general in public administration, which is impossible without the use of digital technologies. The tasks of analyzing the impact of digitalization on the process of carrying out legal activities are to express the author’s position on the role of digitalization in the functioning of the main types of legal activities, to identify problems that arise when using digital technologies in legal activities. We state that digital computer technologies in the legal field should develop in such areas as the automation of typical legal services, the use of online legal services, the “digitization” of public services and their provision online, the transition to a total system of electronic justice, modeling legal decisions based on artificial intelligence, etc. We claim that in the field of legal services, digitalization will ensure their availability and reduce costs, which is achieved by using intelligent automation to perform the actions that a lawyer performs.
On the phenomenon of trust in the financial and legal sphere
Authors: Savina Anna V.
Published: December 2022

Every day, rapidly changing social relations are influenced by a number of factors, both positive – the development of artificial intelligence, the convenience of financial activities through the use of gadgets, communication in social networks, the formation of an electronic state and the expansion of the role of the principle of openness of state activity to its citizens, and negative ones – crises (epidemiological, financial, demographic, etc.), sanctions of foreign states, dynamic decline/rise in unemployment, etc. One way or another, all these factors contribute to changes in the index of trust, both of society in the state and the state in society. At the same time, the processes that invariably take place in society give rise to the need for the state to comply with the level of their development, as well as the need to justify the trust of the citizens of their country. The financial and legal sphere is no exception, especially since it is it that is subject to radical changes due to the emergence of a new era of digital technologies and a digital market economy. The study is a multidimensional reflection on trust, its manifestation in public and private law, a comparison of the mechanisms that determine the level of trust, an analysis of regulatory legal acts and judicial practice for the manifestation of trust in certain respects.
Corruption crimes in healthcare: analysis and practice
Authors: Kozodaeva Olesya N. , Mikhina Elena G.
Published: December 2022

Periods of instability and disasters have always been associated with special risks of corruption. The coronavirus pandemic infection has exacerbated all the problems existing in healthcare, including those related to the commission of corruption crimes and other illegal irregularities in medicine. The subject of the study is corruption crimes in the field of healthcare, analysis and practice of their commission taking into account the current legislation. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze shortcomings in the organization of activities for the protection of citizens’ health, to assess the effectiveness of the regulatory framework, the quality and transparency of medical services, as well as various kinds of irregularities of a criminal nature in this area. In the work, we set the following tasks: to assess the state of corruption-related crime, including corruption in healthcare sector, to analyze the norms of criminal legislation appearing in law enforcement practice in criminal cases of the group of crimes under consideration, to determine the causal complex of criminogenic corruption manifestations, as well as to develop scientific and practical recommendations and proposals aimed at reducing the risks of corruption-related crimes. The use of dialectical, statistical and comparative legal methods in combination with the use of system analysis made it possible to comprehensively study this problem.
Industrial safety under the Russian Federation legislation: theoretical and legal analysis
Authors: Kovaleva Natalya V. , Zozulya Aleksandr A.
Published: December 2022

The realities of the modern world order are objectively related to the complication of technological processes: the embedding of specific subjects in them, the use of artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence technologies, as well as the expansion of regulation on an ever greater range of social relations. These factors focus on the modernization of legal regulation in the field of protection of industrial facilities. We analyze the legal definitions of industrial safety and formulate the objectively present difficulties in identifying its content component. We consider and group the basic approaches to the interpretation of industrial safety existing in science. When forming a legal definition that most fully reflects the essence of the category under study, it is proposed to highlight the aspects that should be taken into account in the further study of industrial safety and improvement of the current legislation, namely: a complex of threats of various origins, a set of protected interests and activities of industrial safety ensurers. We make an attempt of the author’s interpretation of industrial safety as a specific area of public relations in the industrial sphere. The streamlining of such relations to a large extent occurs with the help of technical norms, where there is invariably a more detailed regulation of complex operations and processes. An appeal to the history of the regulation of industrial production in the Russian Empire made it possible to draw generalizations and conclusions about the need for further study of this category in order to minimize risks and prevent global man-made disasters. Understanding the legal nature of industrial safety can be important for more effective regulation of complex legal relations in the industrial sector of the economy.
Towards a Scholarship of School-Based Teaching and Learning That Embraces Hope, Change, and Social Justice in a South African University
Authors: Moeng Muki
Published: December 2022

In this commentary, the author presents an argument for embracing a critical southern paradigm and framework for a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) that advances decoloniality, social justice, and conscientisation. The kind of scholarship that is argued for in this paper proposes a SoTL that goes beyond the recognition of classrooms as sites of inquiry and teaching, but a SoTL that is generative, context responsive, carries moral and pedagogical imperatives, and can influence institutional and societal change. This commentary draws on the experiences of a Dean of Faculty through self-reflexive qualitative impressions. She frames her personal experience of implementing a School-Based Learning placement approach within a theoretical discussion of agency, conscientisation, and transformative learning.
Preservation of Digital Archives
Authors: Zahara Namira Rahmi , Salim Tamara Adriani
Published: December 2022

Background of the study: Digital archives in institutions or organizations has increased which is marked by the number of institutions that have established archive units. In the process of preservation or preservation of digital archives, it has its own difficulties compared to other media. Preservation is the most strategic activity, because the availability of records is closely related to the acquisition results that are maintained properly so that they can be processed and accessed for users. The implementation of archive preservation is not easy, there are several obstacles that cause the preservation to be less than optimal.
Purpose: This study aims to provide knowledge about the preservation of digital archives as an effort to save important information and data in archives, it requires preservation or preserving archives in digital format. So that further research is needed, so this research is to facilitate researchers in conducting further research.
Method: This study uses a systematic literature review method by combining bibliometric analysis of the literature from the Scopus database for the period 2018 to 2022.
Findings: The results of the study show that preservation is an effort to maintain and store archives, both content or media so that they are durable and longer.
Conclusion: Research topics in the search results regarding the preservation of digital archives are still found that have not been widely studied, namely, data preservation, long-term preservation, digital archives, and web archives, which can provide opportunities for further researchers to examine digital archive preservation
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN GURU TERHADAP PRESTASI SISWA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI SMK KESEHATAN PRO-SKILL INDONESIA
Authors: Dasri  , Hilda  , Moh. Mizan Habibi
Published: December 2022

Kepala sekolah sebagai pimpinan tertinggi yang sangat berpengaruh dan menentukan kemajuan sekolah harus memiliki kemampuan administrasi memiliki komitmen tinggi dan luwes dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang baik harus dapat mengupayakan peningkatan kinerja guru melalui program pembinaan kemampuan tenaga kependidikan. Oleh karena itu kepala sekolah harus mempunyai kepribadian atau sifat-sifat dan kemampuan serta keterampilanketerampilan untuk memimpin sebuah lembaga pendidikan. Dalam amsa pandemi tentunya peran seornag kepala sekolah dan guru terkait dalam proses pembelajaran snagat dibutuhkan apalagi dalam keadanan pandemi pembelajaran dnegan kosep draing ini sangat perlu di perhatikan karena pada sejatinya psikomotorik anak lebih teransnag ketika proses pembelajaran tatap muka dari pada daring , tetepi karena wabah covid menjadi kendala yang sangat meluas diharuskan untuk kuliah dnegan metode daring inilah yang membuat peran guru dan kepala sekolah snagat di burtuhkan perihal prestasi mahasiswa, dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan penelitian yang bersifat kuantitatif Pada penelitian ini peneliti mengambil lokasi penelitian di SMK Kesehatan Pro-Skill Indonesia, Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan tiga cara yitu observasi, wawancara dan angketdan teknis analisis dalam penelituan ini yaitu menggunakan analisi linier berganda. Berdasarkan analisis data dan pembahasan Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah Tidak berpengaruh dan signifikan 0,283 > 0,05 terkait pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap hasil prestasi akademik siswa di masa pandemi covid-19 di SMK Kesehatan Pro-Skill Indonesia. Kulitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan 0,00 < 0,05 terhadap hasil prestasi siswa di masa pandemi covid-19 di SMK Kesehatan Pro-Skill Indonesia. Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan Kulitas Pembelajaranberpengaruh secara simultan terhadap hasil prestasi belajar siswa di masa pandemi covid-19 di SMK Kesehatan Pro-Skill Indonesia dengan p = 0,000. Semakin meningkat atau baik kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan kulitas pembelajaran, maka hasil prestasi belajar siswa juga akan meningkat.
Added Value of Aerosol Observations of the Future AOS High Spectral Resolution Lidar with Respect to a Classic Backscatter Spaceborne Lidar Measurements
Authors: Cornut Flavien , El Amraoui Laaziz , Cuesta Juan , Blanc Jérôme
Published: December 2022

In the context of the Atmospheric Observing System (AOS) international program, a new generation spaceborne lidar is expected to be in polar orbit for deriving new observations of aerosol and clouds. In this work, we analyze the added values of these new observations for characterizing aerosol vertical distribution. For this, synthetic observations are simulated using the BLISS lidar simulator in terms of backscatter coefficient at 532 nm. We consider two types of lidar instruments, an elastic backscatter lidar instrument and a high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL). These simulations are performed with atmospheric profiles from a Nature Run (NR) modeled by the MOCAGE Chemical Transport Model. In three case studies involving large events of different aerosol species, the added value of the HSRL channel for measuring aerosol backscatter profiles with respect to simple backscatter measurements is shown. Observations independent from an a-priori lidar Ratio assumption, as done typically for simple backscattering instruments, allows probing the vertical structure of aerosol layers without divergence, even in case of intense episodes. Relative error in the backscatter coefficient profiles are observed to lay between +40% and -40% for low abudancies, with mean biases between +5% and -5%. A 5-day study in the case of desert dust completes the study of the added value of the HSRL channel with relative mean bias from the NR of the order of 1.5%.
Proposal for a National Diagnostics Action Plan for the United States
Authors: Gronvall Gigi , Rao Sujeet , Van Meter Susan , Borden Adam , Inglesby Tom
Published: December 2022

Rapidly providing a definitive diagnostic test that can be used broadly by healthcare providers and members of the public in the setting of a disease emergency is critical to limit pathogen spread, develop and deploy medical countermeasures, and mitigate the social and economic harms of a serious epidemic or pandemic. There is extraordinary expertise within and outside of government working on these issues, and major accomplishments have been made to accelerate test development, expand laboratory testing capacity, and establish widespread point-of-care testing. Still, the United States does not have a plan to rapidly respond, to develop, manufacture, or deploy at national scale diagnostic testing in the earliest days of a new infectious disease crisis. Nor does the nation have a plan to sustain testing capacity at high volume over the course ofan enduring epidemic or pandemic. To address this gap, we are proposing a National Diagnostics Action Plan that describes the steps that are urgently needed to prepare for future infectious disease emergencies, as well as the actions we must take at the first signs of such events. These recommendations require substantial collaboration between the US government (USG) and the private sector to solve a series of challenges now, as well as to prepare for the massive and rapid scale-up of laboratory and point-of-care test development and testing capacity in future emergencies. The recommendations include establishing pre-event contracts; ensuring rapid access to clinical samples; creating a permanent public-private testing coordinating body to allow for rapid information sharing and improved cooperation among the USG, test developers, and clinical laboratories; and accelerating testing rollout at the beginning of an event—andthus, the effective public health management of a disease crisis. These recommendations were informed by extensive discussion with people who managed the COVID-19 and monkeypox responses, review of past reports written on diagnostic challenges, and the experiences of the authors.
Relationship Between Transaminase Enzyme Levels And Gamma GT In Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Emilia Hilda , Aliviameita Andika
Published: December 2022

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease when the body cannot use insulin or cannot produce insulin enough, and glucose level in the blood increases. Diabetic ulcers are open sores on the skin surface caused by complications of macroangiophaty which can lead to neurophaty and vascular insufficiency. This study aims to determine the relationship between transaminase enzyme levels and Gamma GT in diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic foot ulcers. The sample used in this study was 30 patients with diabetes mellitus with diabetic foot ulcers. Research samples were obtained at Rumah Luka Sidoarjo and examined in the Hematology Laboratory of the Faculty of Health Sciences Muhammadiyah University in March 2021. SGOT and SGPT examination used the UV Enzymatic method, while the Gamma GT examination used the Enzymatic colorimetric method. In the Correlation-Regression test, it was found that there was no significant relationship (p=0,481) between SGOT Gamma GT, but there was a significant relationship (p=0,037) between SGPT and Gamma GT. Conclusion there is a moderate correlation (r=0,413) between transaminase anzymes and gamma GT in diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
Identification And Prevalence Of Flea In Feral Cats In Some Markets Sidoarjo District
Authors: Purwa Ajeng Acika , Ardiansyah Syahrul
Published: December 2022

Flea is ectoparasite that live outside the body of their host, one of which host is a cat. Flea infestation have potential to cause dermatitis or a abnormality skin known as flea allergic dermatitis. Cat is an animal that often interact with humans, one of them as a pet, so they have potential to transmit flea to human. The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the prevalence of flea in wild cat in several markets. Sample that used in this study are feral cats taken from the Larangan Market and Gading Fajar Market in Sidoarjo distric. The feral cats obtained were then examined for the presence and type of flea. The results of the examination showed that the prevalence of flea infection in feral cats in the Larangan Market was 81.8% and the Gading Fajar Market was 54.5%. The identification result showed that the fleas found in feral cats from the Larangan Market and Gading Fajar Market were all Ctenocephalides felis. The difference in prevalence is caused by the different environmental conditions in the two markets. A dirty environment has the potential to increase the number of cats infected with fleas.
Effectiveness of The Antibacterial Activity on Orthosiphon aristatus Leaves Extract Against Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Authors: Nisak Khairun , Rini Chylen Setiyo
Published: December 2022

Orthosiphon aristatus is traditional medicinal plants. Orthosiphon aristatus leaves contain alkaloid, saponin, steroid, triterpenoid, and phenolic which are antibacterial compounds. Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus can cause urinary tract infections. This study aims to determine the optimum concentration of Orthosiphon aristatus leaves extract against Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. This research is an experimental study. This research was carried out in the Bacteriology laboratory of the Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo. Antibacterial activity test of Orthosiphon aristatus leaves extract used the disc diffusion method at a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. This test is performed 3 times. Measurement of the diameter of the zone of inhibition is measured using a caliper. The data obtained were tested statistically with Anova with a significant level of 0.05 (5%). The results showed that the Orthosiphon aristatus leaves at a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% had a significant effect on Proteus mirabilis with an average of 6.22 mm, 9.36 mm, and 15.55 mm, 21.22 mm and Staphylococcus saprophyticus with a mean of 5.4 mm, 8.8 mm, 14.53 mm, and 20.71 mm.
The Relationship between Microalbumin Levels and HbA1c in People at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Romli Leo Yosdimyati
Published: December 2022

Increased blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus are a problem due to poor insulin synthesis, and insulin resistance conditions cause microalbumin. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between microalbumin levels and HbA1c in people at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This type of research is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional study design. Respondents in this study were all women at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the village of Ngrandulor. The research sample was taken using the purposive sampling technique, which was taken according to the criteria set by the researcher so that 28 respondents were selected. Data collection on microalbumin levels was carried out by immunoturbidimetric examination, and HbA1c was carried out by immunoassay examination. Bivariate analysis of the research data was carried out using the Spearman rank statistical test. The results showed a relationship between microalbumin levels and HbA1c in people at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, the p-value = 0.010. The results showed that half of the respondents had their albumin checked under microalbumin conditions, namely 14 respondents (50%) and on HbA1c examination, which showed that they were in diabetes status or conditions, namely 14 respondents (50%). This study concludes that there is a relationship between microalbumin levels and HbA1c in people at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, with a significance value (p) of 0.010.
Description of Hematological Routine in Patients Infected Covid-19 Before and After Convalence Plasma Therapy
Authors: Ariza Desyani , Ferdhyanti Andi Ulfa
Published: December 2022

Hematological examination is very important and is often requested in several laboratories to determine the state of blood and its components. The purpose of this research is to find out the routine hematological description in patients infected with Covid-19 before and after administration of convalescent plasma therapy. The design of this study used a descriptive method with a sample population of patients infected with Covid-19 at Dr. Hospital. Wahidin Sudirohusodo. This study was followed by 17 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Based on the results of the study, there were 6 patients who increased leukocyte examination before therapy and after therapy there were 7 patients. There were 2 patients who decreased erythrocyte examination before therapy and after therapy there were 4 patients. There were 3 patients who decreased hemoglobin before therapy and 6 patients after therapy. There was no change in the decreased hematocrit examination, namely 7 patients before and after therapy. Examination of decreased platelets before therapy there are 3 patients and after therapy 4 patients and increased platelets before therapy there are 2 patients and after therapy 3 patients. Neutrophil examination showed that there were no patients who decreased before therapy and there was 1 patient whose neutrophils decreased after therapy. For neutrophils that increased before therapy there were 9 patients and after therapy there were 7 patients. There were 10 patients who decreased lymphocyte examination before therapy and after therapy there were 9 patients. The conclusion was a change in the value of routine hematological parameters before and after convalescent plasma therapy in patients infected with Covid-19.
Heavy Metal Content in Hair at Workers in Gas Station of Sidoarjo City in 2021
Authors: Rohmah Jamilatur , Miranda Niken Anggita , Marlina Mariany Lambertine , Fiya Uus Ufita
Published: December 2022

One of the most dominant workplaces where heavy metal contamination occurs is the Gas Station (SPBU). Gas station workers are at high risk of being exposed to heavy metals while working due to inhaling fuel that evaporates into the air and vehicle fumes due to the behavior of motorists who do not turn off the engine while waiting in line. Determination of the level of heavy metal contamination of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Fe, and Cr was determined through hair clippings using the Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The gas stations used in this study are SPBU X and Y in Sidoarjo. This study aims to determine the levels of heavy metals in hair and to determine the relationship between working period, age, smoking habits, and savety with heavy metal levels in gas station workers in Sidoarjo. The type of research used is descriptive cross sectional and analytical method through filling out questionnaires and correlative statistics with SPSS. The results obtained showed that the average levels of heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Fe, and Cr at SPBU X were 0.232, respectively; 0.000; 0.003; 0.001; 0.464; and 0.024 mg/g. while the average levels of heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Fe, and Cr at SPBU Y were 0.516, respectively; 0.000; 0.007; -0.001; 0.345; and 0.051 mg/g. It can be said that the levels of heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Fe, and Cr did not exceed the specified threshold. The results of the statistical test of the correlation between the levels of heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Fe, and Cr with years of service, age, smoking habits, and PPE of gas station workers were not significant (p>0.05).
Test of Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) on Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) at Kalanganyar Market, Sidoarjo with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)
Authors: Sejati Risqi Agil Wahyu , Hanum Galuh Ratmana , Pramushinta Intan Ayu Kusuma
Published: December 2022

Sidoarjo City in East Java Province has a pond area of up to 7.68%. One of the cultivations developed in ponds is tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), which are mostly sold in Sidoarjo. The presence of metals in aquatic bodies comes from natural sources that enter can be the erosion of mineral rocks found in the aquatic environment. Tiger shrimp is one type of shrimp that is preferred by most Indonesian people. If this shrimp is contaminated by heavy metals, it will harm the people who consume it. This research was conducted to find out the levels of heavy metals Timbal (Pb) and Seng (Zn) contained in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) windu shrimp in the market of Sidoarjo with the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) method. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Applied Chemical Technology Medical Laboratory of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo and the Chemistry Laboratory of FMIPA of Maulana Malik Ibrahim University of Malang. Data analysis methods use measurement and observation as well as descriptive statistical analysis. The results of heavy metal levels in this study obtained the highest levels of lead heavy metals (Pb) of 0.596 mg/kg while the lowest levels amounted to 0.544 mg/kg and the highest levels of zinc heavy metals (Zn) amounted to 3.930 mg/kg while the lowest levels amounted to 3.016 mg/kg.
Utilization Dishwashing Soap as a Subtitute of Xylol in the Deparaffinization process of Hematoxylin-Eosin Dye: Review Article
Authors: Mamay Mamay , Mutmaina Gina Nafsa , Nurahma Ina Aflaha
Published: December 2022

Deparaffinization in the hematoxylin eosin staining process aims to remove paraffin from the tissue, clean the tissue and maximize dye absorption. Utilization xylol as deparaffinization has a drawback, if inhaled too much it will cause harm to the health of the laboratory staff. Considering this, a safer alternative to xylol is needed, one of which is dish washing soap. This study was conducted to determine the use of liquid dish soap at the deparaffinization stage on the quality of tissue staining results. The research method in this research is a literature review study conducted based on sources from several articles published digitally in the Science Direct, Pub Med, NCBI, Researchgate, Google Scholar with the keywords deparafinization, xylene, dish washing soap and Hematoxylin-eosin. Based on the results of a review of ten journals, the concentration of dishwashing soap used was 1.5%, 1.7%, 2% and 2.5% with the most widely used concentration of 1.7%. The most used deparaffinization time with dish soap was 1 minute, one study used 2 minutes. Of the several differences in deparaffinization time and concentration of dish soap, the results adequacy of nuclear and cytoplasmic staining, clarity, uniformity and crispness of staining were very good in almost all studies, there was no difference in quality with the use of xylol. So it can be concluded that the use of dish soap in the deparaffinization process for Hematoxylin staining showed good staining of all tissues. Dish soap can be used as an alternative agent in deparaffinization of Hematoxylin-Eosin staining.
Correlation between Corona Viruses Disease (Covid-19) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in Patients at Haji Hospital Surabaya
Authors: Saputro Tri Ade , Purwaningsih Nur Vita , Ainutajriani Ainutajriani , Watoyani Tony
Published: December 2022

Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) is a new type of virus that has never been  previously identified in humans. Common signs and symptoms of Covid-19 infection include symptoms of acute respiratory distress such as fever, cough and shortness of breath. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a protein in serum that causes inflammation in the body. The presence of this inflammatory response causes the levels of CRP in the body to increase significantly. To determine the severity of Covid-19 disease, one of the screening tests used is the CRP examination, starting when clinical symptoms appear, becoming high levels of CRP indicating inflammation or inflammation. This study aims to determine CRP levels in patients who were confirmed positive for Covid-19 at RSU Haji Surabaya. The research method used is descriptive research with secondary data. The sample in the study was 60 patients who had confirmed Covid-19 and performed a CRP test from February to June 2021. The sampling technique used a total sampling technique at the Haji General Hospital Surabaya. The results showed that from 60 confirmed Covid-19 inpatients, 58 patients (96.6%) had CRP levels with high risk criteria or CRP levels > 5 mg/L and 2 patients (3.4%) had CRP levels. with normal criteria or CRP levels < 5 mg/L. Based on the results, it can be concluded that CRP levels are positively correlated with the development and severity of Covid-19 disease.