bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tiimiverkko-organisaatioon siirtyminen
Authors: Koistinen Kirsi , Ylisuvanto Eija
Published: October 2020

Artikkelissa esitellään kolme tapauskuvausta tiimiverkko-organisaatioon siirtymisen näkökulmasta ja vedetään niiden pohjalta yleistettävämpiä johtopäätöksiä. Kun tiimityötä etsitään tilanteessa, jossa työntekijöillä itselläänkin alkaa olla käsitys yksilötyön riittämättömyydestä, myös tiimityölle on oletettavasti luotu maaperää. Kirjoittajat näkevät haasteena tiimiverkko-organisaatioissa sen, miten voimme löytää uudenlaisen johtamiskulttuurin. Missä kulkee tiimien ja johdon välinen päätösvallan raja? Yhteisen kielen, yhteisten välineiden ja yhteisten pelisääntöjen luominen tiimien ja johdon välille on välttämätöntä.
Opetuksen ja tutkimuksen tuloksellisuus
Authors: Raivola Reijo
Published: October 2020

Julkaistu kirjoitus on Reijo Raivolan virkaanastujaispuhe 8.9.1994 hänen ottaessaan vastaan Tampereen yliopiston kasvatustieteen professuurin.
Effect of playing methods on the Dribble Ability of the Football Game
Authors: Karo Karo Alan Alfiansyah Putra , M Benny Aprial , Sari Ika Endah Puspita , Sihombing Hardodi , Sari Liliana Puspa
Published: October 2020

This research was motivated by the low level of dribble skills in the game of football in class VIII students of Budi Agung Private Junior High School, Medan. Based on this, the research objective was to determine the effect of playing methods on the dribbling ability of soccer games. The population and sample studied in this study were 30 students and the sample was taken using total sampling. This research is a field experiment research and the design of this study used a pre test post test group design. From the research results, it can be seen that the significance (0.010) is smaller than 0.05 and the t-test result (2.739) is greater than the t-table (0.3610), so it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of the playing method on the dribble ability of the game. football students of class VIII SMP Private Budi Agung Medan.
The Effect of Teaching Style Pratice, Reciprocity, Inclusion and Learning Motivation on Butterfly Swimming Skills
Authors: Rusdi Rusdi , Dlis Firmansyah , Lubis Johansyah , Nata Anggri Dwi , Whalsen Whalsen
Published: October 2020

Teaching styles have a very big role in improving students' learning abilities, by various learning styles it is hoped that students can find most appropriate teaching style that can improve student skills in learning, especially in the basic motion course of swimming. The training teaching style, reciprocity, inclusion of Mosston was selected in this study and learning motivation as the moderator variable was divided into 2 parts, they’re high and low. to determine the effect of teaching Style Pratice, reciprocal inclusion and learning motivation on butterfly swimming skills in male students at the Sports and Health Sciences Faculty. Method used in this study is an experimental method with a 3x2 factorial design. Subjects in the study were male students at the Sports and Health Education Faculty, Teachers' Training Institute, Indonesia Teachers Association, Pontianak. Based on the study results, it’s known that the reciprocal teaching style is better than teaching Style Pratice, the inclusion teaching style is better than the teaching Style Pratice and the inclusive teaching style, reciprocity is equally good in learning butterfly style swimming skills in male students at FPOK IKIP PGRI Pontianak.
Concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids by body mass index among Arctic residents
Authors: Galstyan D. S. , Bichkaeva F. A. , Baranova N. F.
Published: October 2020

Aim. To study polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) blood concentrations by body mass index (BMI) among residents of the Arctic. Methods. A total of 756 healthy permanent residents of the different parts of the Russian Arctic zone aged 22 to 60 years comprised the sample. By BMI, all participants were divided into 3 groups: 1 - normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9, n = 280), 2 - overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9, n = 270), 3 - obesity (BMI >30, n = 238). Serum concentrations of ω3 and ω6 of PUFA were assessed and their ratios were calculated. Results. Greater BMI was associated with higher concentrations of dihomo-γ-linolenic (Me1 = 15.17, Me2 = 18.22, Mе3 = 22.63, p1-2 = 0.036, p1-3 < 0.001), γ-linolenic (Me1 = 2.79, Me2 = 3.51, Mе3 = 3.75, p1-2 = 0.015; p1-3 < 0.001) and docosahexaenoic (Me1 = 35.10, Me2 = 45.65, Mе3 = 43.77, p1-2 = 0.027) acid. In parallel, an increase in the following ratios were observed: dihomo-y-linolenic/docosahexaenoic (Me1 = 0.434, Me2 = 0.387, Mе3 = 0.497, p1-3 = 0.046; p2-3 = 0.004), dihomo-y-linolenic/eicosapentaenoic (Me1 = 0.749, Me2 = 0.805, Mез = 1.05, p13 = 0.002; p23 = 0.018), y-linolenic/ eicosapentaenoic (Me1 = 0,149, Me2 = 0,155, Mе3 = 0,173, p13 = 0.040). An increase in BMI was associated with a decrease in the following ratios: arachidonic/dihomo-y-linolenic (Me1 = 5.69, Me2 = 5.12, Mе3 = 4.06, p < 0.001; p2-3 < 0.001), arachidonic/y-linolenic (Me1 = 27.32, Me2 = 26.14, Mе3 = 22.82, p1-3
Potensi Toleransi Oral Glukosa Ekstrak Biji Kedelai (Glycine Max), Rimpang Jahe (Zingiber Officinale) Dan Kombinasinya Pada Tikus Model Diabetes
Authors: Purnomo Yudi
Published: October 2020

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) adalah sindrom metabolik yang ditandai peningkatan kadar glukosa darah kronik dan berkontribusi terhadap beberapa resiko komplikasi. Biji Kedelai(G.max) danrimpang Jahe (Z.officinale) digunakan sebagai terapi alternative DM tapi potensi untuk mengendalikan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah khususnya dalam bentuk kombinasinya belum pernah dievaluasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek anti-hiperglikemik biji kedelai, rimpang jahe dan kombinasinya Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus Sprague dawley (SD) jantan berusia 4 minggu berat badan 200 g dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok kontrol dan 3 kelompok uji (n=5 ekor). Tikus DM diinduksi dengan diet tinggi lemak-fruktosa (DTLF) dan streptozotocin 25 mg/kg BB (i.p)multiple dose. Setelah dinyatakan DM diberikan per oral ekstrak biji kedelai 5000 mg/kg BB,rimpang jahe500 mg/kg BB dan kombinasinya 5000 : 500 mg/kgBB   selama 4 minggu. Sampel darah dari vena ekor diambil pada menit ke 0, 30, 60 dan 120 setelah pemberian glucose oral kemudian kadar glukosa darah diukur dengan glucometer. Area Under Curve (AUC) integrasi dihitung dengan metode trapezoidal. Data dianalisa menggunakan one way ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD (p<0.05).Pemberian ekstrak biji kedelai, rimpang jahe dan kombinasinya menurunkan AUC glukosa berturut-turut 30 %, 35 %dan 35 % dibandingkan kelompok diabetik (p<0.05). Sedangkan pada kelompok diabetik terjadi peningkatan kadar AUC 1.5 kali dibandingkan kelompok normal (p<0.05). Ekstrak rimpang jahe tunggal dan kombinasinya dengan biji kedelai lebih kuat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dibandingkan dengan ekstrak biji kedelai tunggal pasca stimulasi glukosa.
Age determination in the icefish Pseudochaenichthys georgianus (Channichthyidae) based on multiple methods using otoliths
Authors: Traczyk R , Meyer-Rochow VB , Hughes RM
Published: October 2020

Aging Antarctic icefish is difficult because of their lack of scales and poorly calcified bones. Icefish ages must therefore be estimated from otoliths. We describe a method of reading daily micro-increments in connection with shape, size and mass analyses of the otoliths of the South Georgia icefish Pseudochaenichthys georgianus. Changes in otolith morphology and mass correlate with fish size and age group. The otolith micro-increment analysis is capable of establishing the age of an icefish by relating the daily micro-increment count to the life history of the fish. Micro-increment measurements and analyses are relatively simple to do by light and scanning electron microscopy and by using micro-densitometer and digitizing equipment. Drastic changes in the life history of an individual are reflected by measurable changes in its otolith micro-increment data as seen in our analyses of age groups 0-VI. The initial drastic change in daily micro-increment shapes and periodicities occur in connection with the hatching period of the icefish. The next drastic change in otolith shape and daily micro-increments occurs when ~7 cm long fish shift from pelagic to benthic habitats. As the fish age beyond group III, individual otolith variability lessens until they begin spawning. Our results indicate a single population of P. georgianus between the Antarctic Peninsula and South Georgia.
Campylobacter pinnipediorum subsp. caledonicus and C. pinnipediorum subsp. pinnipediorum recovered from abscesses in pinnipeds
Authors: Foster G , Baily JL , Howie F , Brownlow AC , Wagenaar JA , Gilbert MJ , Miller WG , Byrne BA , Clothier KA , Schmitt T , Patterson T , Reid RJ , Dagleish MP
Published: October 2020

Campylobacter pinnipediorum was described recently for isolates recovered from pinnipeds. The novel species was further split into 2 subspecies based on host and geography, with C. pinnipediorum subsp. pinnipediorum recovered from otariid seals in California (USA) and C. pinnipediorum subsp. caledonicus recovered from phocid seals in Scotland. We report details of the infections of 7 pinnipeds from which C. pinnipediorum was isolated: C. pinnipediorum subsp. caledonicus was isolated from 2 harbour seals Phoca vitulina and a single grey seal Halichoerus grypus, and C. pinnipediorum subsp. pinnipediorum was isolated from California sea lions Zalophus californianus. Six of the isolates were recovered from samples collected at post-mortem investigation. In 2 of the Scottish seals and in 3 of the California seals, C. pinnipediorum was the sole bacterial isolate recovered from abscesses present and suggests they may have resulted from conspecific or intraspecific bite wounds.
ROCK1 Translocates From Non-Caveolar to Caveolar Regions Upon KCl Stimulation in Airway Smooth Muscle
Authors: SOMMER B. , MONTAÑO L. M. , CHÁVEZ J. , CARBAJAL V. , GARCÍA-HERNANDEZ L. M. , IRLES C. , JIMÉNEZ-GARDUÑO A. M. , ORTEGA A.
Published: October 2020

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) membrane depolarization through KCl opens L-type voltage dependent Ca2+ channels (Cav1.2); its opening was considered the cause of KCl contraction. This substance is used to bypass intracellular second messenger pathways. It is now clear that KCl also activates RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway. ROCK isoforms are characterized as ROCK1 and ROCK2. Because ROCK1 seems the most abundant isotype in lung, we studied its participation in KCl stimulated bovine ASM. With methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) we disrupted caveolae, a membrane compartment considered as the RhoA/ROCK assembly site, and found that KCl contraction was reduced to the same extent (~26 %) as Y-27632 (ROCK inhibitor) treated tissues. We confirmed that KCl induces ROCK activation and this effect was annulled by Y-27632 or MβCD. In isolated plasmalemma, ROCK1 was localized in non-caveolar membrane fractions in Western blots from control tissues, but it transferred to caveolae in samples from tissues stimulated with KCl. Cav1.2 was found at the non-caveolar membrane fractions in control and MβCD treated tissues. In MβCD treated tissues stimulated with KCl, contraction was abolished by nifedipine; only the response to Cav1.2 opening remained as the ROCK component disappeared. Our results show that, in ASM, the KCl contraction involves the translocation of ROCK1 from non-caveolar to caveolar regions and that the proper physiological response depends on this translocation.
Evaluation of Total Adiponectin, Adipocyte Fatty Acid Binding Protein and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels in Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: NOVOTNY D. , VAVERKOVA H. , KARASEK D. , LUKES J. , SLAVIK L. , MALINA P. , ORSAG J.
Published: October 2020

Although many studies have investigated the relationships of several adipokines to metabolic syndrome (MetS), the interrelationships of adiponectin (ADP), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF 21) have not been described in detail. We examined 209 asymptomatic dyslipidemic patients divided into MetS+ (n=73) and MetS- (n=136) groups. The aim of study was to evaluate the relationships between observed adipokines, to compare the levels of total ADP, A-FABP and FGF 21 in individuals with and without MetS, and to elucidate the relationships of individual adipokines to lipid parameters, markers of insulin resistance and endothelial hemostatic markers in these groups. In MetS+ group, we found the independent positive association ADP with A-FABP (beta=0.4888, p=0.0382), A-FABP with FGF 21 (beta=0.3811, p=0.0002) and von Willebrand factor (beta=0.4502, p=0.0013), and FGF 21 with A-FABP (beta=0.4422, p=0.0002). Our study has confirmed the well-established risk profile of subjects with MetS, although clinically asymptomatic. MetS+ patients had also lower levels of ADP and higher levels of A-FABP and FGF 21. Our study evaluated the interrelationships of ADP, A-FABP and FGF 21 in asymptomatic dyslipidemic subjects with diagnosis of MetS. Especially strong association between A-FABP and FGF 21 needs to be clarified in further studies.
Impairment of Mitochondrial Function of Rat Hepatocytes by High Fat Diet and Oxidative Stress
Authors: GARNOL T. , ENDLICHER R. , KUČERA O. , DRAHOTA Z. , ČERVINKOVÁ Z.
Published: October 2020

Fatty liver disease associated with obesity is an important medical problem and the mechanisms for lipid accumulation in hepatocytes are not fully elucidated yet. Recent findings indicate that mitochondria play an important role in this process. Our data on hepatocytes in which mitochondria are in contact with other cytosolic structures important for their function, extend observations obtained on isolated mitochondria and confirm inhibition of Complex I activity in hepatocytes isolated from rats fed by high fat diet (HFD) compared with controls fed by standard diet (STD). Furthermore we have found that HFD-hepatocytes are more sensitive to the peroxidative stress because under these conditions also Complex II activity is disturbed. Therefore in HFD animals decrease of Complex I activity cannot be compensated by Complex II substrates as in STD hepatocytes. Our data thus indicates that combination of HFD and peroxidative stress potentiates HFD damaging effect of mitochondria because both branches of the respiratory chain (NADH- and flavoprotein-dependent) are disturbed.
Destinations in Bonds in 17th to Early 18th Century Scots Law: Between Continental Influences and National Developments
Authors: Kotlyar Ilya A
Published: October 2020

This article explores the way in which destinations in contractual obligations (bonds), in early 17th century Scotland, were seemingly governed by their own peculiar rules, which could have been inspired by Civil law. It explores how then, subsequently, destinations in bonds gradually lost their special status and became assimilated with the rules of heritable succession.
Exploration on perception o suicidal ideation among students of Higher Institutions
Authors: Jusnani Embing  , Mohamad Yusoff Salmah , Othman Mohd Razali
Published: October 2020

Suicide is one of the top causes of death worldwide among youth aged 15-29 years. Students of higher institutions are also involved in the specific group that was reported to have a high level of suicidal ideation. Thus, in order to overcome this issue, all factors that influence suicidal ideation should be identified. This study is intended to identify the factor that influences suicidal ideation among higher learning education students based on their perceptions This study was conducted using a qualitative method using semi-structured interview questions to explore participants’ perceptions towards suicidal ideation among students of higher learning institutions. Two focus group discussions were chosen as the method for data collection. The data in this study were analyzed using thematic analysis method. Specifically, data analysis uses thematic analysis based on six simple steps introduced by Braun and Clarke (2006). The findings show that the participants have an understanding of suicidal ideation. Factors identified to influence the existence of suicidal ideation among students of higher learning institutions can be categorized into two categories, external factors, and internal factors. These factors are peer pressure, pressure from society, social media influences, family factors, financial factors, intrapersonal and individual interpersonal factors, and low self-esteem factor. This study also found that many participants agreed that person internal factors are the most dominant factors affecting suicidal ideation. This study also found that counsellors and other professional bodies such as psychologists were not the choices of participants to express a problem that led to their suicidal ideation.

 Keyword: Suicidal ideation, student
STUDENTS’ GENERATED QUESTION QUALITY THROUGH STEM BASED PROJECT LEARNING IN SCIENCE ACTIVITY
Authors: Nurramadhani Annisa , Permana Irvan
Published: October 2020

STEM based project learning also capable triggering student to express another higher order thinking skill, such as inquiry by posing question. Generating questions, making comparisons, dealing with contradictions, and scientific inquiry skills are an example of cognitive activities that are classified as higher-order thinking skills. Those skills are including in 21st century skills that needed by the students to face the workspaces demanding in this revolution industry 4.0 and future. The purposes of this research is to investigate students’ question quality through STEM based project learning in science activity. The method that is used in this research is descriptive. The subject in this research are the students of preservice teacher biology and science education for about 21 students. The research needs an analysis of students’ generated question quality when they are in basic physics laboratory activity. This laboratory activity used STEM based project learning approach with reading assignment in the early meeting before each laboratory activity. The technique to take the data that is used in this research are video recording, observation, and informal interview. The research instrument to take the data that is used are observation sheet for student’s generated question quality. The result of this research is from the science laboratory activity, students’ generated question quality that has the most are understanding and relationship which is in the beginning of open question quality and information category gained lower than both of category. It means that, students promoting the improvement of their question quality. It also proved that evaluating, finding and solution category has expressed by the students in both of laboratory activities. It can be concluded that that the quality of students generated question has slightly improved to open question quality through STEM based project learning in science activity
DIGITAL PAYMENT: PROBABILITY IN MILLENIAL (CASE STUDY OF UINSU FEBI STUDENTS)
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Lathief Ilhamy
Published: October 2020

The rapid technological advances with a very strong internet penetration make the Indonesian people connect to communicate instantly. This has indirectly changed the pattern of human life, especially in the activities of shopping, communicating and working and transacting money in order to spend their income. Therefore with the activities carried out the hope of access to financial services that are affordable, fast and easy to personally connect with various activities. Someone in the internet world makes demands that need to be addressed by modern financial service providers.  Internet access has shown a significant increase. This is consistent with the publication of the Association of Internet Service Providers (APJII) in March 2015 stating an increase in internet users, namely from 71.9 million in 2013 to 88.1 million users at the end of 2014, or about 34.9% of the total population currently. This digital payment research shows that there is an increase in the quality of banking services in Indonesia. This is because the banking management has implemented it to reach all levels of Indonesian society, especially for millennials living in the FOR (frontier, outermost, and remote) areas.
EXPLORATORY STUDY OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT
Authors: Miawati Tita , Sunaryo Widodo , Yusnita Nancy
Published: October 2020

Employee engagement is now recognized as an important topic in the company because it relates with turnover rate, productivity of employee and finally to the company growth. A study conducted to describe the finding of an effort to increase the effectiveness of engagement implementation by company in order to increase level of employee engagement. The study used qualitative research method through exploratory study in a multinational company in Jakarta. Data obtained through interviews with key leaders of the company to find out how the implementation of engagement conducted by the company, and a Focus Group Discussion of employee groups to determine the condition of employee engagement. The researchers analyzed the data from both of company and employees to see if there is a gap between engagement implementation by the company and the conditions of employee engagement. To obtain the validity of the data, researchers used triangulation techniques carried out by experts in the HR field. The study found that the company's efforts to implement employee engagement had not been carried out optimally and equally on all engagement indicators. Likewise, the condition of employee engagement has not yet reached optimal conditions. The conclusion described that there is a gap between company’s engagement implementation program and the engagement conditions felt by employees. Thus, it is necessary to make efforts to improve the effectiveness of engagement implementation so that increasing the employee engagement bring contributes to the company's growth
COMMUNITY GUIDANCE ASSIGNMENT PANDEMIC OVID-19 AND NEW NORMAL PREPARATION IN CLASS I CORRECTIONAL HALL OF BANDUNG
Authors: Biafri Vivi Sylviani
Published: October 2020

The spread of corona virus in Indonesia is known to occur in March 2020 with positive corona cases found in Depok, West Java. Within 3 months, most cities in Indonesia contained corona patients. In July 2020, the Indonesian people will start a new life. This new life order will be applied to all walks of life. Changes will occur for civil servants or private employees in carrying out daily tasks. One of the experienced changes is Community Guidance. Community Guidance is a civil servant within the Directorate General of Corrections of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights. These Community Guides have direct contact with their clients. Therefore, we need innovations to do the work. The research question is How does the Community Guidance do their work during the co-19 pandemic and new normal preparations at Class I Correctional Hall of Bandung? What impact will it have on Community Guidance at Class I Correctional Hall of  Bandung? The purpose of this research is to analyze how the Community Guidance in carrying out tasks in the co-19 pandemic and the preparation of new normal and their impact on them. This study uses a qualitative method. The approach used is a descriptive approach. The research location is Class I Correctional Hall of Bandung. The results showed that the community guidance in carrying out their tasks during the co-19 pandemic used a lot of information technology. Therefore, community guidances are required to be able to operate the applications used
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTEGRATED HAJJ INFORMATION AND COMPUTERIZATION SYSTEM (SISKOHAT) IN THE HAJJ PILGRIMAGE IN SUMEDANG REGENCY
Authors: Febianti Fepi , Farida Ida
Published: October 2020

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the integrated Hajj information and computerization system (SISKOHAT) in the hajj pilgrimage in Sumedang Regency. This research uses a descriptive method, which is a method of one type of research whose purpose is to present a complete picture of the social setting or what is meant by exploration and clarification of a phenomenon or social reality, by describing the variables relating to the problem and the unit understudy with the phenomenon that is tested. The informants are the Head of the Office, the Head of Haj and Umrah Services, the Hajj and Umrah Service Unit Employees, and the SISKOHAT Operators. Based on the results of the research, the effectiveness of the integrated hajj information and computerization system in organizing the hajj pilgrimage has been going well, but there are still obstacles, namely the service support factor or a network from SISKOHAT, as well as people's understanding of the system. Strategies or efforts to ensure the effectiveness of SISKOHAT in carrying out the hajj properly are as follows: holding cooperation or MOU with local governments to improve network quality, organizing education and training, technical guidance or other training to improve employee integrity, and collaborating with extension workers at KUA and KBIH to provide understanding to the community or prospective pilgrims. Suggestions put forward for the effectiveness of the SISKOHAT in organizing the hajj run well are as follows: improving the quality of the SISKOHAT network to minimize existing obstacles. Also, it is necessary to hold comprehensive socialization for the community regarding the implementation of the hajj pilgrimage in Sumedang Regency, especially regarding hajj pilgrimage services using SISKOHAT.
Comparison of Flavonoid Profiles in Sprouts of Radiation Breeding Wheat Lines (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Han Ah-Reum , Hong Min Jeong , Nam Bomi , Kim Bo-Ram , Park Hyeon Hwa , Baek Inwoo , Kil Yun-Seo , Nam Joo-Won , Jin Chang Hyun , Kim Jin-Baek
Published: October 2020

Wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.; Poaceae), one of the most popular food crops worldwide, contains basic and essential nutrients and various health benefiting phytochemicals. Among them, flavonoids have attracted significant interest owing to their various health-promoting properties. In this study, 35 wheat mutant lines were developed via gamma-irradiated mutation breeding from the original cultivar. The effects of radiation breeding on the endogenous phytochemical production in the sprouts of these mutant lines were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESIMS) with multivariate analysis for the first time in this study. Fourteen characteristic peaks, including eleven flavone C-glycosides, two flavone O-glycosides, and one flavone, were identified. In addition, the contents of three flavone C-glycosides, namely, isoschaftoside, isoorientin, and isoscoparin, in 37 wheat sprout samples from the original cultivar, certificated cultivar, and the mutant lines were determined. A heat map combined with hierarchical clustering showed variation in the relative content for the flavonoids between the 37 wheat sprout samples, clustering into three groups. On principal component analysis scores scatter and loading plots, significant differences in the levels of flavonoids were found between the samples and several markers responsible for group separation were detected. These results provide a scientific reference for the phytochemical variation in wheat mutant lines, thereby aiding in further mutation mechanism studies and for the quality control of the improved wheat cultivars.
Bacterial Community in Soils Following Century-Long Application of Organic or Inorganic Fertilizers under Continuous Winter Wheat Cultivation
Authors: Li Xiufen , Deng Shiping , Raun William R. , Wang Yan , Teng Ying
Published: October 2020

Fertilization is one of the most common agricultural practices to achieve high yield. Although microbes play a critical role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition, knowledge of the long-term responses of the soil bacterial community to organic and inorganic fertilizers is still limited. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of century-long organic (manure), inorganic (NPK), and no fertilization (control) treatments on soil bacterial community structure under continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation. Fertilization treatments altered the richness, diversity and composition of the soil bacterial community. Compared with the control, manure significantly increased the operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Chao 1 and Shannon indices, and taxonomic groups, while NPK significantly decreased these parameters. Fertilization treatments did not alter the types of dominant phyla but did significantly affect their relative abundances. Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla in all treatments. Manure led to enrichment of most phyla, with a diazotrophic group, Cyanobacteria, being an exception; NPK reduced most phyla, but enriched Chloroflexi; control led to promotion of Cyanobacteria. Soil pH and NO3− were two dominant parameters influencing the bacterial community structure. Soil pH positively correlated with the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes but negatively correlated with those of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi; NO3− negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria, which was 14–52 times higher in control than the fertilized soils. Cyanobacteria, especially M. paludosus and L. appalachiana, could be the key players in maintaining wheat productivity in the century-long unfertilized control.
Identification of Opportunities for Applying the Circular Economy to Intensive Agriculture in Almería (South-East Spain)
Authors: Aznar-Sánchez José A. , Velasco-Muñoz Juan F. , García-Arca Daniel , López-Felices Belén
Published: October 2020

The use of intensive high-yield agricultural systems has proved to be a feasible alternative to traditional systems as they able to meet the objective of guaranteeing long-term sustainability in the supply of food. In order to implement these systems, it is necessary to replace the traditional model of “extract-use-consume-dispose” with a model based on the principles of the Circular Economy (CE), optimizing the use of resources and minimizing the generation of waste. Almería has become a paradigm of this type of high-yield agricultural system, with the largest concentration of greenhouses in the world. This study analyses the opportunities that the CE can offer the intensive agriculture sector in Almería in order to obtain long-term sustainability. The results show a wide variety of alternatives, both on an agricultural exploitation level and in the case of the product packaging and wholesale centers. The priority areas of action are waste management, the prevention of product waste and the improvement in the efficiency of the use of water and energy. The principal limitations for adopting circular practices are the large investment required, the limited transfer of knowledge between the different users and the lack of sufficient support from the government and the sector.
Silage Fermentation, Bacterial Community, and Aerobic Stability of Total Mixed Ration Containing Wet Corn Gluten Feed and Corn Stover Prepared with Different Additives
Authors: Zhang Guangning , Fang Xinpeng , Feng Guanzhi , Li Yang , Zhang Yonggen
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different additives on the fermentation quality, bacterial community, and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage containing wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) and corn stover. The TMR was ensiled with four treatments: (1) no additive (control); (2) lactic acid bacteria (LAB); (3) fibrolytic enzyme (EN); (4) LAB + EN. The EN and LAB + EN decreased the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents. Additives led to a higher lactic acid (LA) content (p < 0.0001) compared to control at all ensiling times. Silages inoculated with LAB and LAB + EN had higher dry matter (p = 0.0007), LA (p < 0.0001) and acetic acid (AA) contents (p < 0.0001) compared to control. The LAB and LAB + EN had significantly lowest ammonia nitrogen among the treatments, while no significant difference occurred after days 7 of ensiling. Silages treated with LAB and LAB + EN had a higher LAB count (p < 0.0001) and a lower pH, yeast, and mold counts compared to other silages. The LAB and LAB + EN greatly increased the portions of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus (p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively) and reduced undesirable bacteria. Inoculation with LAB + EN and LAB improved aerobic stability of TMR silages indicated by higher and more stable LA and AA contents, smaller rise in pH, and yeast count than other silages. The LAB + EN and LAB reduced microbial diversity and improved the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of TMR silage containing WCGF and corn stover.
Social Scientific Analysis of Human-Animal Sexual Interactions
Authors: Valcuende del Río José María , Cáceres-Feria Rafael
Published: October 2020

An ontological shift has led to a revitalisation of the research area that, within the social sciences, deals with the interactions between humans and animals. However, there are topics which are still taboo: interspecies sexuality. Sexual practices between humans and animals have been fundamentally analysed from a medical perspective, failing to consider the influence of cultural context. Departing from a thorough bibliographical revision, here we revise the approaches that, both from sociology and anthropology, have been used to analyse this phenomenon from different perspectives, including bestiality, zoophilia, and zoosexuality.
Wildlife Farms, Stigma and Harm
Authors: Rizzolo Jessica Bell
Published: October 2020

Wildlife farming, the commercial breeding and legal sale of non-domesticated species, is an increasingly prevalent, persistently controversial, and understudied conservation practice. The adoption or rejection of wildlife farms is a complex process that incorporates numerous ethical considerations: conservation, livelihoods, animal welfare, and cultural practices. This paper uses qualitative interview data with key informants (academics) to analyze (a) the harms and benefits of wildlife farms and (b) the factors that influence whether wildlife farms are stigmatized or accepted. In evaluations of wildlife farming’s harms and benefits, respondents incorporated multiple considerations: animal welfare, environmental impacts, scale disparities between sustenance and commercial farms, consumer preferences, species differences, the substitutability and accessibility of wildlife products, and governance. The results further indicated that the stigmatization or acceptance of wildlife farms is affected by the “wildlife farm” label, if there is a stigma around use of a species, a form of production, or the perceived quality of a wildlife product, cultural differences in wildlife use, wildlife consumer typology, geopolitical factors, and demand reduction efforts. This paper analyzes the complexities of wildlife farming such that stakeholders can understand the impacts of this practice on species, human communities, individual animals, and the legal and illegal wildlife trades.
From Orphan Phage to a Proposed New Family–The Diversity of N4-Like Viruses
Authors: Wittmann Johannes , Turner Dann , Millard Andrew D. , Mahadevan Padmanabhan , Kropinski Andrew M. , Adriaenssens Evelien M.
Published: October 2020

Escherichia phage N4 was isolated in 1966 in Italy and has remained a genomic orphan for a long time. It encodes an extremely large virion-associated RNA polymerase unique for bacterial viruses that became characteristic for this group. In recent years, due to new and relatively inexpensive sequencing techniques the number of publicly available phage genome sequences expanded rapidly. This revealed new members of the N4-like phage group, from 33 members in 2015 to 115 N4-like viruses in 2020. Using new technologies and methods for classification, the Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has moved the classification and taxonomy of bacterial viruses from mere morphological approaches to genomic and proteomic methods. The analysis of 115 N4-like genomes resulted in a huge reassessment of this group and the proposal of a new family “Schitoviridae”, including eight subfamilies and numerous new genera.
Investigation of an Antioxidative System for Salinity Tolerance in Oenanthe javanica
Authors: Kumar Sunjeet , Li Gaojie , Yang Jingjing , Huang Xinfang , Ji Qun , Zhou Kai , Khan Suliman , Ke Weidong , Hou Hongwei
Published: October 2020

Abiotic stress, such as drought and salinity, severely affect the growth and yield of many plants. Oenanthe javanica (commonly known as water dropwort) is an important vegetable that is grown in the saline-alkali soils of East Asia, where salinity is the limiting environmental factor. To study the defense mechanism of salt stress responses in water dropwort, we studied two water dropwort cultivars, V11E0022 and V11E0135, based on phenotypic and physiological indexes. We found that V11E0022 were tolerant to salt stress, as a result of good antioxidant defense system in the form of osmolyte (proline), antioxidants (polyphenols and flavonoids), and antioxidant enzymes (APX and CAT), which provided novel insights for salt-tolerant mechanisms. Then, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was conducted, and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the carbohydrate metabolic process could reduce oxidative stress and enhance energy production that can help in adaptation against salt stress. Similarly, lipid metabolic processes can also enhance tolerance against salt stress by reducing the transpiration rate, H2O2, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that DEGs involved in hormone signals transduction pathway promoted the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced oxidative stress; likewise, arginine and proline metabolism, and flavonoid pathways also stimulated the biosynthesis of proline and flavonoids, respectively, in response to salt stress. Moreover, transcription factors (TFs) were also identified, which play an important role in salt stress tolerance of water dropwort. The finding of this study will be helpful for crop improvement under salt stress.
Advances on Water Quality Detection by UV-Vis Spectroscopy
Authors: Guo Yuchen , Liu Chunhong , Ye Rongke , Duan Qingling
Published: October 2020

Water resources are closely linked to human productivity and life. Owing to the deteriorating water resources environment, accurate and rapid determination of the main water quality parameters has become a current research hotspot. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy offers an effective tool for qualitative analysis and quantitative detection of contaminants in a water environment. In this review, the principle and application of UV-Vis technology in water quality detection were studied. The principle of UV-Vis spectroscopy for detecting water quality parameters and the method of modeling and analysis of spectral data were presented. Various UV-Vis technologies for water quality detection were reviewed according to the types of pollutants, such as chemical oxygen demand, heavy metal ions, nitrate nitrogen, and dissolved organic carbon. Finally, the future development of UV-Vis spectroscopy for the determination of water quality was discussed.
Application of Phase Change Materials and Conventional Thermal Mass for Control of Roof-Generated Cooling Loads
Authors: Kośny Jan , Miller William Anthony , Yarbrough David , Kossecka Elisabeth , Biswas Kaushik
Published: October 2020

Among all of the internal fabric and external enclosure components of buildings, sloped roofs and adjacent attics are often the most dynamic areas. Roofs are exposed to high temperature fluctuations and intense solar radiation that are subject to seasonal changes in climatic conditions. Following the currently rising interests in demand-side management, building energy dynamics, and the thermal response characteristics of building components, this paper contains unpublished results from past studies that focused on innovative roof and attic configurations. The authors share unique design strategies that yield significant reduction of daytime roof peak temperatures, thermal-load shavings, and up to a ten-hour shift of the peak load period. Furthermore, advance configurations of the roofs and attics that are discussed in this paper enable over 90% reductions in roof-generated peak-hour cooling loads and sometimes close to 50% reductions in overall roof-generated cooling loads as compared with traditionally constructed roofs with the same or similar levels of thermal insulation. It is expected that the proposed new roof design schemes could support the effective management of dynamic energy demand in future buildings.
Physico-Chemical Features of Sangiovese Wine as Affected by a Post-Fermentative Treatment with Chitosan
Authors: Castro Marin Antonio , Chinnici Fabio
Published: October 2020

Chitosan is a natural biopolymer, which is gaining interest in red winemaking thanks to its ability to inhibit the development of Brettanomyces spp. yeast, or other undesired wine microbial threats. However, little is known about potential side-effects of its addition on the physico-chemical parameters of red wines. To fill the gap on this aspect, this work focused on changes in color, phenolic and volatile composition of red wines treated for 7 days with 0.5 g/L of fungoid chitosan, added in both undissolved and dissolved form. When compared to untreated samples, minor changes in phenolic compounds were observed in chitosan added wines, mainly involving hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols, with reductions of 3 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L respectively. Ellagic acid, however, was absorbed up to 2 mg/L, which reduced his content by 40%. Since some of these compounds actively participate to co-pigmentation with anthocyanins, the color of wines was influenced accordingly. Chitosan marginally absorbed some aroma compounds, including volatile phenols whose amounts were slightly but significantly decreased after treatment. Overall, at the dose adopted, chitosan appeared suited to be used in red winemaking for microbial or physical stability purposes, not severely impairing the quality parameters of the final wines.
A Comparison between Numerical Simulation Models for the Prediction of Acoustic Behavior of Giant Reeds Shredded
Authors: Ciaburro Giuseppe , Iannace Gino , Puyana-Romero Virginia , Trematerra Amelia
Published: October 2020

Giant reeds represent a natural fiber widely available in some areas of the world. Its use can be particularly useful as the uncontrolled growth of giant reeds can be a problem because large areas are invaded by them and the crops are damaged. In this study, two models of numerical simulation of the acoustic behavior of giant reeds were put in comparison: the Hamet model and a model based on artificial neural networks. First, the characteristics of the reeds were examined and the procedures for the preparation of the samples to be analyzed were described. Then air flow resistance, porosity and sound absorption coefficient were measured and analyzed in detail. Finally, the results of the numerical modeling of the acoustic coefficient were compared. The neural network-based model showed high Pearson correlation coefficient value, indicating a large number of correct predictions.
Considerations of Curvature for a Near-Eye Holo-Video Display
Authors: Leach J. Christopher , Smalley Daniel
Published: October 2020

Most 3D augmented reality, near-eye displays suffer from a low field of view. Leaky-mode lithium niobate devices are often used to steer, multiplex, or otherwise control the path of light in a system. Such devices are ideal candidates for creating such displays, and, in this paper, we demonstrate a path to increasing their view angle to 180° by curving the substrate, which will steer the output light toward the user’s eye. We also model the tradeoff between field of view, allowable interaction length, and draw distance for these curved leaky-mode devices.
Towards Energy-Efficient Mobile Ad Optimization: An App Developer Perspective
Authors: Hameed Ahmad Raza , ul Islam Saif , Almogren Ahmad , Khattak Hasan Ali , Din Ikram Ud , Gani Abdullah Bin
Published: October 2020

Advertising over smart devices is one of the growing trends in the information technology domain. Most of the Android application (app) developers generate revenue through the use of ads, but on the other hand, the end users get the free app. However, the excessive number of ads infers hidden costs with respect to energy consumption, network utilization, and user comfort. These factors affect the app rating and reviews. Consequently, developers require a technique to balance app performance through optimized mobile ad usage. Therefore, in this paper, we extend an existing work and propose an energy-efficient method that uses gamma correction to reduce the hidden costs of a mobile app. In this approach, gamma correction efficiently balances the app performance by minimizing the size of ads. The size of the mobile ad is reduced by adjusting its pixels, reducing background color, and illuminating the content of the ad. After several experiments, it is deduced that our proposed approach efficiently saves mobile battery and developers can apply this approach to improve app rank and feedback.
Acoustic-Based Engine Fault Diagnosis Using WPT, PCA and Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Mathew Steve Koshy , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2020

Engine fault diagnosis aims to assist engineers in undertaking vehicle maintenance in an efficient manner. This paper presents an automatic model and hyperparameter selection scheme for engine combustion fault classification, using acoustic signals captured from cylinder heads of the engine. Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) is utilized for time–frequency analysis, and statistical features are extracted from both high- and low-level WPT coefficients. Then, the extracted features are used to compare three models: (i) standard classification model; (ii) Bayesian optimization for automatic model and hyperparameters selection; and (iii) Principle Component Analysis (PCA) for feature space dimensionality reduction combined with Bayesian optimization. The latter two models both demonstrated improved accuracy and the other performance metrics compared to the standard model. Moreover, with similar accuracy level, PCA with Bayesian optimized model achieved around 20% less total evaluation time and 8–19% less testing time, compared to the second model, for all fault conditions, which thus shows a promising solution for further development in real-time engine fault diagnosis.
Compact 50 W All-Solid-State Picosecond Laser System at 1 kHz
Authors: Yang Shuaishuai , Cui Zijian , Sun Ziming , Zhang Pan , Liu Dean
Published: October 2020

Compact, stable, high-power and high repetition rate picosecond laser systems are excellent sources for optical parametric chirped pulse amplification systems and laser satellite ranging systems. Compared with the traditional complex high-power amplifier, this article reports a compact high-power picosecond laser system at a repetition rate of 1 kHz based on Nd:YAG bulk crystal. The thermal lens effect limits the regenerative amplifier to directly output higher energy. For this reason, multi-stage traveling-wave amplifiers are usually used to gradually increase the laser pulse energy. So as to achieve a compact structure, a regenerative amplifier that can output higher power at 1 kHz is designed in the laser system. The regenerative amplifier can output the power of 6.5 W at the pump power of 41.5 W; the beam quality of M2 factor was about 1.3. A more flexible thermal depolarization compensation structure is applied in the side-pumped amplifier, which can effectively compensate for thermal lens effect and thermal depolarization at different pump powers. Finally, the laser pulse can achieve an output power higher than 50 W at 1 kHz after passing through an end-pumped traveling-wave amplifier and a side-pumped traveling wave amplifier.