bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequência, diversidade e composição da fauna de cupins (Blattodea: Isoptera) em diferentes sistemas de uso do solo no sudoeste do Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Acioli Agno Nonato Serrão
Published: August 2018

Resumo. Os cupins são importantes decompositores da matéria de origem vegetal. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar e comparar a diversidade e composição das espécies de cupins em três diferentes sistemas de uso do solo na região do Alto Solimões, Amazonas, Brasil. Os cupins foram coletados na floresta primária, em cultivos de dendê (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) e mandioca (Manihot sculenta Crantz). Em cada área selecionada as coletas foram realizadas dentro de um transecto retangular medindo 100 m x 2 m, subdivididos em 20 parcelas de 5 m x 2 m. Foram encontradas 24 espécies de cupins, pertencentes a 14 gêneros e duas famílias, nos três sistemas de uso do solo. As espécies mais frequentes foram Nasutitermes cf. dendrophilus (Desneux) (28,43%), seguida de Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen) (14,37%) e Anoplotermes sp. 2 (9,58%). A riqueza de espécies foi maior na floresta primária (16 espécies), seguida dos cultivos de dendê (14 espécies) e mandioca (seis espécies). A composição taxonômica e os grupos funcionais também sofreram modificações, sendo mais diversificados e equilibrados na floresta primária quando comparados com os dois tipos de cultivos. A comunidade de cupins é fortemente afetada quando ocorre a substituição da floresta primária pelos cultivos agrícolas. Neste estudo, as espécies N. cf. dendrophilus e H. tenuis merecem atenção, pois se constata o aumento de sua frequência nos cultivos de dendê e mandioca.Frequency, Diversity and Composition of Termite Fauna (Blattodea: Isoptera) in Land Use Systems in the Southwest of Amazonas, Brazil Abstract. Termites are important decomposers of matter of vegetable origin. This study aims to analyze and compare the diversity and composition of termite species in three different land use systems in Alto Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil. Termites were collected in the primary forest, oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and cassava (Manihot sculenta Crantz) crops. In each area the collections were made within a rectangular transect measuring 100 m x 2 m, subdivided into 20 plots of 5 m x 2 m. Twenty four species of termites were found, belonging to 14 genera and two families. The most frequent species were Nasutitermes cf. dendrophilus (Desneux) (28.43%), Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen) (14.37%) and Anoplotermes sp. 2 (9.58%). The species richness was higher in the primary forest (16 species), followed by oil palm (14 species) and cassava (six species) crops. The taxonomic composition and the functional groups were also modified, being more diversified and balanced in the primary forest than in the crops. The termite community was strongly affected when the primary forest was replaced by agricultural crops. The species N. cf. dendrophilus and H. tenuis deserve attention, it was verified the increase of their frequency in the crops.
Primeiro registro de Peckia (Squamatodes) trivittata (Curran) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) colonizando cadáver humano carbonizado em área de restinga da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Ramos Ramon Lima , Lopes Daniele Santos , Pamponet Fernanda Maria , Thé Torriceli Souza , Morato Vanêssa Cristina Gonçalves
Published: August 2018

Resumo. Apresenta-se o registro de sarcofagídeos colonizando um cadáver carbonizado em uma área de restinga no município de Mata de São João, Bahia, o qual foi encontrado dentro de um recipiente metálico. As larvas coletadas da vítima foram criadas em dieta específica, com temperatura, umidade e fotoperíodo controlados até a fase adulta para possibilitar a identificação taxonômica. Sete espécimes de Peckia trivittata (Curran) emergiram da criação em laboratório. O presente artigo reporta o primeiro registro da espécie P. trivittata em cadáver humano e a primeira ocorrência dessa espécie para o estado da Bahia, Brasil.First record of Peckia (Squamatodes) trivittata (Curran) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) colonizing carbonized human corpse in restinga area of Bahia, BrazilAbstract. It is presented a record of Sarcophagidae flies colonizing a human carbonized corpse in a restinga area in the municipality of Mata de São João, Bahia, which was found inside a metal container. The larvae collected from the victim were reared in a specific diet, with temperature, humidity and photoperiod controlled until the adult emergence to enable taxonomic identification. Seven adult specimens of Peckia trivittata (Curran) emerged from the laboratory creation. The present article also reports the first record of the species P. trivittata on the human corpse and the first occurrence of this species for Bahia State, Brazil.
An Electronic Health Record Tool Designed to Improve Pediatric Hospital Discharge has Low Predictive Utility for Readmissions
Authors: Brittan Mark S. , Martin Sara , Anderson Leslie , Moss Angela , Torok Michelle R.
Published: August 2018

We developed an electronic health record tool to improve pediatric hospital discharge. This tool flags children with three components that might complicate discharge: home health, polypharmacy (≥6 medications), or non‐English speaking caregiver. The tool tallies components and displays them as a composite score of 0‐3 points. We describe the tool's development, implementation, and an evaluation of its predictive utility for 30‐day unplanned readmissions in 29,542 discharged children. Of these children, 28% had a composite score of 1, 8% a score ≥2, and 4% were readmitted. The odds of readmission was significantly higher in children with a composite score of 1 versus 0 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.7; 95% CI, 1.5‐2) and ≥2 versus 0 (OR 4.2; 95% CI 3.6‐4.9). The C‐statistic for this model was 0.62. Despite the positive association of the score with readmission, the tool's discriminatory performance is low. Additional research is needed to evaluate its practical benefit for improving the quality of hospital discharge.
Quadratic Combinatorial Optimization Using Separable Underestimators
Authors: Buchheim Christoph , Traversi Emiliano
Published: August 2018

Binary programs with a quadratic objective function are NP-hard in general, even if the linear optimization problem over the same feasible set is tractable. In this paper, we address such problems by computing quadratic global underestimators of the objective function that are separable but not necessarily convex. Exploiting the binary constraint on the variables, a minimizer of the separable underestimator over the feasible set can be computed by solving an appropriate linear minimization problem over the same feasible set. Embedding the resulting lower bounds into a branch-and-bound framework, we obtain an exact algorithm for the original quadratic binary program. The main practical challenge is the fast computation of an appropriate underestimator, which in our approach reduces to solving a series of semidefinite programs. We exploit the special structure of the resulting problems to obtain a tailored coordinate-descent method for their solution. Our extensive experimental results on various quadratic combinatorial optimization problems show that our approach outperforms both CPLEX and the related QCR method as well as the SDP-based software BiqCrunch on instances of the quadratic shortest path problem and the quadratic assignment problem.
Techniques to Improve the Shelf Life of Freshly Harvested Banana Blossoms
Authors: C.P. Ambrose Dawn , Sumithra V. , Vijay K. , Vinodhini K.
Published: August 2018

Banana blossom is consumed as a vegetable in India, Sri Lanka and the South East Asian countries. Cleaning of the blossom is a cumbersome process due to the time taken and the drudgery involved in removing the style and the sepal from each floret before consumption. Minimally processed vegetables are gaining importance in the urban markets, satisfying consumer’s need of time and healthy food. Hence an attempt was made in this study to process the blossom of banana as a freshly processed vegetable in a ready to cook form and to assess its’ shelf life under different packaging treatments and storage conditions. The cleaned banana florets were packed in different packaging materials viz., polypropylene 40, 60 & 70 micron and low density polyethylene 110 micron. The shelf life of the banana florets was evaluated at different conditions viz., packing in bags without ventilation, ventilated bags, florets packed without any pre-treatment, florets pre treated and packed, storage of the samples under ambient (30±2°C) and refrigerated (5°C) condition. The physiological weight loss of the packed samples was recorded daily during storage. The shelf life was estimated by quality scores on a scale of 5-1 and observations recorded till 3rd day of storage whereby after 3rd day, the quality deteriorated. The results revealed that banana florets remained fresh for 3 days when packed in non ventilated poly propylene 40 micron bag under ambient and refrigerated storage.
Determination of Extraction Period and Extractant Ratio for Extracting Humic Acid from Rice Straw Compost
Authors: Ywih Ch’ng Huck , Yee Yue Yeong , B. Othman Osman Suhaimi , Young Liew Jeng
Published: August 2018

The process of isolating humic substances especially humic acid consumes a lot of time. The isolation (extraction, fractionation and purification) processes of humic acid from different sources such as soils, organic fertilizers and so on vary from 12 hours to 7 days. Based on the previous findings reported by other researchers, the standard extractant ratio used for humic acid extraction is 1:10 because it gives the highest yield of humic acid isolated. Previous studies tend to focus on the isolation duration of humic acid but not extractant ratio. To date, there is also lack of information about the extraction period and extractant ratio required to extract humic acid from rice straw compost. This study aimed to assess the minimum duration and extractant ratio for extracting humic acid from rice straw compost. A ratio of 1: 5 and 1: 10 of rice straw compost sample to chemical used were performed in humic acid extraction. A 5 g of rice straw compost sample was mixed with 25 mL and 50 mL of 0.5 M sodium hydroxide, respectively, and were extracted under different extraction periods (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 24 hours). There was significant difference in the extraction periods and extractant ratio on the yield of humic acid. This study revealed that an extractant ratio of 1:10 and 12 hours of extraction period are required to extract humic acid from rice straw compost and can be purified within 1 hour using distilled water. Humic acid yield was significantly lower when the extraction period was less than 12 hours because the time was not sufficient for the H+ ions to displace Na+ ions and other cations. Furthermore, the difficulty of HA extraction period of less than 12 hours was probably due to difficulty of wetting the air-dried compost. The significance of this study is humic acid from rice straw compost can be isolated within 12 hour of extraction period, 24 hours of fractionation period and 1 hour of purification period under extractant ratio of 1:10. Thus, this may help in reducing time and costs needed to produce the humate product from this compost. The extractant ratio of 1:10 is more preferred because of the higher humic acid yield obtained.
Quantification and Composition of Solid waste abundance on the beaches of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Neelam Asia , -e- Hany Omm , salih Hussain Fayyaz , Alamgir Aamir , Kanwal Sunila
Published: August 2018

The problem of the marine litter accumulation and their consequence extended and face around the whole world with no easy solution in the coming years. The situation is now going more worst that the plastic which contribute 80% of the total solid waste in all the beaches provides ideal environment for the opportunistic microorganism to grow and established a novel means of spatial and temporal transport for microorganisms diagonally coastal areas. In the present paper baseline study of abundance, composition and nature of the solid waste litter on the beaches of Karachi, Pakistan were investigated. During the study plastic litter were qualified as the highest debris among all the beaches. The abundance of debris by weight was higher in Clifton followed by sandspit and Ghizri creek respectively. Thermacol / Styrofoam recoded as the second largest contributor of marine debris. The major contributing factor of debris abundance are beach visitors i.e tourism and recreation activities and land based sources including waste from creeks along debris provide a major inputs of pollution in beaches.
Long-term patient survival after the surgical treatment of bone and soft-tissue metastases from renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Higuchi T. , Yamamoto N. , Hayashi K. , Takeuchi A. , Abe K. , Taniguchi Y. , Kato S. , Murakami H. , Tsuchiya H.
Published: August 2018

Aims

The aims of this study were to evaluate the long-term outcome of surgery for bone or soft-tissue metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to determine factors that affect prognosis.

Patients and Methods

Between 1993 and 2014, 58 patients underwent surgery for bone or soft-tissue metastases from RCC at our hospital. There were 46 men and 12 women with a mean age of 60 years (25 to 84). The mean follow-up period was 52 months (1 to 257). The surgical sites included the spine (33 patients), appendicular skeleton (ten patients), pelvis (eight patients), thorax (four patients), and soft tissue (three patients). The surgical procedures were en bloc metastasectomy in 46 patients (including 33 patients of total en bloc spondylectomy (TES)) and intralesional curettage in 12 patients. These patients were retrospectively evaluated for factors associated with prognosis.

Results

The one-, three-, five-, ten-, and 15-year overall survival (OS) rates were 89%, 75%, 62%, 48%, and 25%, respectively. The median survival time (MST) was 127 months for en bloc metastasectomy and 54 months for intralesional curettage and bone grafting. The median survival time was 127 months for the spine, 140 months for lesions of the appendicular skeleton, and 54 months for the pelvis. Multivariate analysis showed that non-clear cell type RCC and metastases to more than two sites were independent risk factors for a poor prognosis.

Conclusion

Patients with bone or soft-tissue metastases from a RCC have a reasonable prognosis, making surgical resection a viable option even in patients in whom the metastases are advanced. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1241–8.
Treatment of Dupuytren’s contracture
Authors: Soreide E. , Murad M. H. , Denbeigh J. M. , Lewallen E. A. , Dudakovic A. , Nordsletten L. , van Wijnen A. J. , Kakar S.
Published: August 2018

Aims

Dupuytren’s contracture is a benign, myoproliferative condition affecting the palmar fascia that results in progressive contractures of the fingers. Despite increased knowledge of the cellular and connective tissue changes involved, neither a cure nor an optimum form of treatment exists. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the best available evidence on the management of this condition.

Materials and Methods

A comprehensive database search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed until August 2017. We studied RCTs comparing open fasciectomy with percutaneous needle aponeurotomy (PNA), collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) with placebo, and CCH with PNA, in addition to adjuvant treatments aiming to improve the outcome of open fasciectomy. A total of 20 studies, involving 1584 patients, were included.

Results

PNA tended to provide higher patient satisfaction with fewer adverse events, but had a higher rate of recurrence compared with limited fasciectomy. Although efficacious, treatment with CCH had notable recurrence rates and a high rate of transient adverse events. Recent comparative studies have shown no difference in clinical outcome between patients treated with PNA and those treated with CCH.

Conclusion

Currently there remains limited evidence to guide the management of patients with Dupuytren’s contracture. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1138–45.
Dementia predicted one-year mortality for patients with first hip fracture
Authors: Chiu H-C. , Chen C-M. , Su T-Y. , Chen C-H. , Hsieh H-M. , Hsieh C-P. , Shen D-L.
Published: August 2018

Aims

We aimed to determine the effect of dementia and Parkinson’s disease on one, three and 12-month mortality following surgery for fracture of the hip in elderly patients from an Asian population.

Patients and Methods

Using a random sample of patients taken from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, this retrospective cohort study analyzed the data on 6626 elderly patients who sustained a fracture of the hip between 1997 and 2012 who had ICD-9 codes within the general range of hip fracture (820.xx). We used Cox regression to estimate the risk of death associated with dementia, Parkinson’s disease or both, adjusting for demographic, clinical, treatment, and provider factors.

Results

Among 6626 hip fracture patients, 10.20% had dementia alone, 5.60% had Parkinson’s disease alone, and 2.67% had both. Corresponding one-year mortality rates were 15.53%, 11.59%, and 15.82%, compared with 9.22% for those without neurological illness. Adjusted hazard ratio for one-year mortality was 1.45 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.17 to 1.79) for those with dementia, and 1.57 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.30) with both dementia and Parkinson’s disease versus patients with neither. There was no significant association with death for Parkinson’s disease alone. Age, male gender and comorbidities were also associated with a higher risk of mortality.

Conclusion

Dementia, with or without Parkinson’s disease, is an independent predictor of mortality following surgery for fractures of the hip. Age, male gender and comorbidities also increase the risk of death. Parkinson’s disease alone has no significant effect. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1220–6.
Primary stability of a short bone-conserving femoral stem
Authors: Ferguson R. J. , Broomfield J. A. , Malak T. T. , Palmer A. J. R. , Whitwell D. , Kendrick B. , Taylor A. , Glyn-Jones S.
Published: August 2018

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine the stability of a new short femoral stem compared with a conventional femoral stem in patients undergoing cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA), in a prospective randomized controlled trial using radiostereometric analysis (RSA).

Patients and Methods

A total of 53 patients were randomized to receive cementless THA with either a short femoral stem (MiniHip, 26 patients, mean age: 52 years, nine male) or a conventional length femoral stem (MetaFix, 23 patients, mean age: 53 years, 11 male). All patients received the same cementless acetabular component. Two-year follow-up was available on 38 patients. Stability was assessed through migration and dynamically inducible micromotion. Radiographs for RSA were taken postoperatively and at three, six, 12, 18, and 24 months.

Results

At two years, there was significantly less subsidence (inferior migration) of the short femoral stem (head, 0.26 mm, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08 to 0.43, sd 0.38; tip, 0.11 mm, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.31, sd 0.42) compared with the conventional stem (head, 0.62 mm, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.90, sd 0.56, p = 0.02; tip, 0.43 mm, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.65, sd 0.44, p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in dynamically inducible micromotion, rate of complications or functional outcome.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that the short femoral stem has a stable and predictable migration. However, longer-term survival analysis still needs to be determined. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1148–56.
A six-year observational study of 31 children with early-onset scoliosis treated using magnetically controlled growing rods with a minimum follow-up of two years
Authors: Subramanian T. , Ahmad A. , Mardare D. M. , Kieser D. C. , Mayers D. , Nnadi C.
Published: August 2018

Aims

Magnetically controlled growing rod (MCGR) systems use non-invasive spinal lengthening for the surgical treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of these devices in the prevention of progression of the deformity. A secondary aim was to record the rate of complications.

Patients and Methods

An observational study of 31 consecutive children with EOS, of whom 15 were male, who were treated between December 2011 and October 2017 was undertaken. Their mean age was 7.7 years (2 to 14). The mean follow-up was 47 months (24 to 69). Distractions were completed using the tailgating technique. The primary outcome measure was correction of the radiographic deformity. Secondary outcomes were growth, functional outcomes and complication rates.

Results

The mean Cobb angle was 54° (14° to 91°) preoperatively and 37° (11° to 69°) at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001). The mean thoracic kyphosis (TK) was 45° (10° to 89°) preoperatively and 42° (9° to 84°) at the latest follow-up. The mean T1–S1 height increased from 287 mm (209 to 378) to 338 mm (240 to 427) (p < 0.001) and the mean sagittal balance reduced from 68 mm (-76 to 1470) preoperatively to 18 mm (-32 to 166) at the latest follow-up. The mean coronal balance was 3 mm (-336 to 64) preoperatively and 8 mm (-144 to 64) at the latest follow-up. The mean increase in weight and sitting and standing height at the latest follow-up was 45%, 10% and 15%, respectively. The mean Activity Scale for Kids (ASKp) scores increased in all domains, with only personal care and standing skills being significant at the latest follow-up (p = 0.02, p = 0.03). The improvements in Cobb angle, TK and T1-S1 heights were not related to gender, the aetiology of the EOS, or whether the procedure was primary or conversion from a conventional growing rod system. A total of 21 children developed 23 complications at a rate of 0.23 per patient per year. Seven developed MCGR-specific complications. Complications developed at a mean of 38 months (3 to 67) after the initial surgery and required 22 further procedures. Children who developed a complication were more likely to be younger, have syndromic EOS, and have a single-rod construct (6.9 versus 9.3 years, p = 0.034).

Conclusion

The progression of EOS can be controlled using MCGRs allowing growth and improved function. Younger and syndromic children are more likely to develop complications following surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1187–1200.
Biomechanical evaluation of two methods of fixation of a flexor hallucis longus tendon graft
Authors: Benca E. , Willegger M. , Wenzel F. , Hirtler L. , Zandieh S. , Windhager R. , Schuh R.
Published: August 2018

Aims

The traditional transosseus flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon transfer for patients with Achilles tendinopathy requires two incisions to harvest a long tendon graft. The use of a bio-tenodesis screw enables a short graft to be used and is less invasive, but lacks supporting evidence about its biomechanical behaviour. We aimed, in this study, to compare the strength of the traditional transosseus tendon-to-tendon fixation with tendon-to-bone fixation using a tenodesis screw, in cyclical loading and ultimate load testing.

Materials and Methods

Tendon grafts were undertaken in 24 paired lower-leg specimens and randomly assigned in two groups using fixation with a transosseus suture (suture group) or a tenodesis screw (screw group). The biomechanical behaviour was evaluated using cyclical and ultimate loading tests. The Student’s t-test was performed to assess statistically significant differences in bone mineral density (BMD), displacement, the slope of the load-displacement curves, and load to failure.

Results

The screw group showed less displacement (loosening) during cyclical loading, which was significant during 300, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 cycles (p < 0.05: other cycles: 0.079 < p < 0.402). Compared with the suture group, the screw group had higher mean ultimate load values (133.6 N, sd 73.5 vs 110.1 N, sd 46.2; p = 0.416).

Conclusion

Fixation of the FHL tendon with a tenodesis screw enables a less invasive procedure to be undertaken and shows similar biomechanical behaviour and primary strength compared with fixation using a transosseus suture. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1175–81.
Informed consent in orthopaedics
Authors: Seewoonarain S. , Johnson A. A. , Barrett M.
Published: August 2018

Aims

Informed patient consent is a legal prerequisite endorsed by multiple regulatory institutions including the Royal College of Surgeons and the General Medical Council. It is also recommended that the provision of written information is available and may take the form of a Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) with multiple PILs available from leading orthopaedic institutions. PILs may empower the patient, improve compliance, and improve the patient experience. The national reading age in the United Kingdom is less than 12 years and therefore PILs should be written at a readability level not exceeding 12 years old. We aim to assess the readability of PILs currently provided by United Kingdom orthopaedic institutions.

Patients and Methods

The readability of PILs on 58 common conditions provided by seven leading orthopaedic associations in January 2017, including the British Orthopaedic Association, British Hip Society, and the British Association of Spinal Surgeons, was assessed. All text in each PIL was analyzed using readability scores including the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) test.

Results

The mean FKGL was 10.4 (6.7 to 17.0), indicating a mean reading age of 15 years. The mean SMOG score was 12.8 (9.7 to 17.9) indicating a mean reading age of 17 years.

Conclusion

Orthopaedic-related PILs do not comply with the recommended reading age, with some requiring graduate-level reading ability. Patients do not have access to appropriate orthopaedic-related PILs. Current publicly available PILs require further review to promote patient education and informed consent. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1253–9.
LEVANTAMENTO E ATUALIZAÇÃO DOS SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR PIVÔ CENTRAL INSTALADOS NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE PARAÚNA E PALMEIRAS DE GOIÁS
Authors: Toledo Cristian Epifanio , Moraes Eduarda Elias
Published: August 2018

Entre os sistemas de irrigação, o uso de pivô central foi o que mais cresceu no país nos últimos anos, principalmente no estado de Goiás, com a área irrigada por pivôs centrais passando de 118 mil ha em 2000 para 212 mil ha em 2010 e o número de equipamentos passaram de 1.532 para 2.895. O objetivo deste trabalho foi levantar e atualizar a área de irrigação por pivô central, bem como o número de equipamentos instalados nos municípios de Paraúna e Palmeiras de Goiás - GO, utilizando técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. A quantificação dos pivôs centrais nos municípios de Paraúna e Palmeiras de Goiás foi realizada com base em imagens de satélite Recurso 2, selecionadas de maio a agosto de 2016. As áreas com sistema de irrigação por pivô foram identificadas considerando características circulares na cena e a presença de vegetação com reflectância de energia na faixa correspondente ao verde. No município de Palmeiras de Goiás foram registrados 74 pivôs e em Paraúna 132 pivôs, ocorrendo em ambos os municípios uma expansão de 51 e 42%, respectivamente, em relação a 2010. Quanto à área irrigada, Palmeiras de Goiás mostrou aumento de 669 ha e Paraúna de 2314 ha entre 2010 e 2016. Conclui-se que nos municípios de Palmeiras de Goiás e Paraúna houve um contínuo crescimento da área irrigada por pivô central, sendo que entre os anos de 2010 e 2016 esse crescimento foi significativo, confirmando a região como outro polo agrícola irrigado brasileiro.
Degradation of Shielding Performance of Metallic Sheet due to Aperture Configuration and Dimension at 2.4 GHz
Authors: Wardoyo Adik Susilo , Alaydrus Mudrik
Published: August 2018

The increasing demand on wireless connectivity has opened new and modern communication systems. Many wireless systems, for example Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth, ZigBee, share the unlicensed frequency region around 2.4 GHz. Due to intensive application of Wi-Fi systems, there are certain disturbance potentials observed. The Wi-Fi signals cause interference to ZigBee networks which are used for smart grid applications. In this work, the shielding effectiveness of a metallic enclosure with several apertures is studied. Based on analytical expression from the literature, the shielding effectiveness by varying the sheet thickness, number of apertures, and aperture patterns is calculated. Several measurements of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) are carried out. The measurements are conducted on a shielded room to isolate the measurement from other unknown signal sources. The calculation and measurement of shielding effectiveness confirmed that more apertures on a shielding sheet will reduce the Shielding Effectiveness (SE). SE for one aperture for the case sheet thickness 0.7 mm and diameter of 12 mm reduce from 46.28 dB to 14.24 dB for 6 apertures. Bigger aperture diameters will also degrade the SE from 46.28 dB to 5.27 dB for aperture diameter 24 mm. The same condition can be concluded for the thickness 1.4 mm for aperture diameter of 12 mm. However a slightly different measurement results are obtained for the thickness 1.4 mm and aperture diameter of 24 mm. The thickness plays a significant role to attenuate the wave, so that SE is bigger than the calculated one.
CONCEPT AND APPLICATION OF AKAD WAKALAH IN MURABAHA FINANCING IN ISLAMIC BANKING (A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA)
Authors: Prabowo Bagya Agung , Jamal Jasri Bin
Published: August 2018

Islamic banks have grown stronger by continuing to provide innovative products and services to successfully increase the number of customers. So far, the majority of financing by Islamic banks controlled by murabaha financing almost 80% - 95%. In the bank's murabaha scheme as the seller (ba’i) to purchase necessary items and then resell it to customers, clients (musytari) with a sales price equivalent to the purchase price and profitability of banks. In reality, Islamic banks using wakalah empower customers to purchase their goods. Step wakalah apply concepts to customers is unwise because MUI Fatwa No.04 / DSN-MUI / IV / 2000 has determined that the sale of murabaha contracts made after the goods become the property of Islamic banking principles. The main problem in Indonesia is that there are legal provisions that are not in harmony and not based on actual consumer rights. It is geared toward legal uncertainty. To overcome various problems, this research adopted the method of analysis based on doctrinal content, by implementing four types of approaches to the law, namely: (i) history / historical; (ii) Jurisprudence / philosophy; (iii) comparison; and (iv) analytical and critical. In addition, harmonized approach is also necessary for legislative alignment with Islamic philosophy and the philosophy of consumer protection. By making Malaysia as a reference, this thesis aims to identify the application wakalah perspective and consumer protection improvement in Indonesia. In addition to this, the restructuring of the existing system in Indonesia is required by legislation harmony, improvement and diversification of institutional oversight mechanisms Islamic banking operations
JUSTICE A YEARNING IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONTRACT IN THE SOCIETY
Authors: Badriyah Siti Malikhatun
Published: August 2018

The contract is very important in the life of society in the activities of economy, especially since the Foundation in various business activities. The contract is based on the agreement that creates a legal relationship between debtor and creditor. On the other hand often arise out of various problems in the contract, especially concerning the imbalance of legal relationship between the parties. The existence of an imbalance that ultimately gives rise to injustice. Even to this day still be a yearning for Justice, has not realized in various implementation contract in Indonesia
PROTECTING TRADITIONAL BALINESE WEAVING	TROUGH COPYRIGHT LAW : IS IT APPROPRIATE?
Authors: Dharmawan Ni Ketut Supasti
Published: August 2018

As part of traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) , traditional weaving including “Traditional Balinese weaving” may be appropriately protected based on article 38 (1) Law No. 28 of 2014 concerning Indonesian Copyright Law. However, the new Indonesian copyright law  seem unclearly protect traditional weaving expression as it is. As WIPO, in international level, protects traditional knowledge, the previous  Indonesian copyright law  (Law No. 19 of 2002) relatively clearly provides a legal basis to protect traditional weaving, especially  when a foreigner uses traditional expression works for comercial purposes, the law empasizes that users should get a license from the state. Meanwhile, the new law is silent for a similar discourse. Therefore, the appropriate protection for traditional weaving through copyright regime is still called into question. The  sui generis law, both in international and national levels, is espected to provide a legal basis protecting TCEs.  Unfortunatly, it is still in the form of a bill until now in Indonesia. By understanding this phenomenon, some grounds to protect  TCEs including traditional Balinese weaving can be considered such as human rights approach for traditional cultural community as well as the intangible cultural harritage approaches from UNESCO schema. In addition, sui-generis  model provisions as well as inventorying and documenting can be considered as an appropriate way to prove and to preserve, safeguard, maintain, and protect  traditional weaving  including traditional Balinese weaving, although there are still challenges because a traditional motive of Balinese weaving is easily produced as an industrial fabric material through modern technology
COMMUNITY TRENDS TO CHOOSE THE SHARIA ECONOMIC SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT
Authors: Harsya Rabith Madah Khulaili
Published: August 2018

The tendency of people to choose the Sharia Economic Dispute Settlement Institution. The facts of the lack of sharia economic case submitted and decided by litigation and non-litigation institutions are the background of the research. This research is a kind of explorative research that uses qualitative approach to mengunggkap legal facts in the context of sharia economy. Data in the form of questionnaires / questionnaires processed only to describe the percentage percentage of the economic tendency of sharia community to choose dispute settlement institutions. This description is a preliminary data that lead researchers to explore the points of question needed in the interview between the results of quantitative data processing with the facts on the ground shows that people choose various options in solving the dispute sharia economy.
REPOSITION OF WIDOW BY DEATH DIVORCE IN BATAKNESSE INHERITANCE LAW FROM GENDER PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Sihotang Amri Panahatan
Published: August 2018

This journal is to study the reposition of widow in traditional Batak’s hereditary law by using gender approach.  The Batak’s hereditary Law, tends  to be referring  to patrilineal kinship which is determined from the line of father’s or husband’s descent  so the Widow is not the beneficiary  of the husband but the son in the Batak’s ethnic and culture.  Along with the current development and important role of a mother/woman in family life, it is important to re-study more deeply the position of a widow in Batak’s hereditary law and some related theories  which one of themis gender approach .This is considerably important because there are some modern thinker related to customary law who intend to renew the law especially the beneficiary for the sake of gender equality in the current ages by bilaterally repositioning widow to the national  hereditary law . By Educating Batak’s hereditary law from gender perspective, the Batak’s ethic will be able to critically think and flexibly find solution to share the property by positioning the widow as the beneficiary or the heir.
Physician–patient shared decision making in the treatment of primary immunodeficiency: an interview-based survey of immunologists
Authors: Lamb Christopher C.
Published: August 2018

Background: Patient–physician shared decision making (SDM) can result in better care as well as reduced treatment costs. A better understanding of the factors predicting when physicians implement SDM during the treatment of primary immunodeficiency (PID) could provide insight for making recommendations to improve outcomes and reduce healthcare costs in PID and other long-term chronic conditions.

Method: This study made use of grounded theory and was based on the interview responses of 15 immunologists in the United States. It focused on their decision making in the diagnosis and treatment of PID, how they interact with patients, and the circumstances under which they encourage SDM with patients.

Results: All invited immunologists took part in the interviews and were included in the study. All but one had 10 or more years of experience in treating PID. The study found that SDM is bounded/limited by “nudging” bias, power balance considerations, and consideration of patient health literacy alignment. Immunologists also reported that they were mainly responsible for coordinating care and for allowing sufficient time for consultations.

Conclusion: SDM occurs between the physician and patient throughout the treatment of PID. The study also shows the ways physicians influence SDM by guiding patients through the process.

Statement of novelty: Little is known about the factors that influence SDM in the long-term management of chronic diseases. The present study investigated the extent to which immunologists experienced in the treatment of patients with PID include SDM in clinical practice. Findings such of these may be of use when formulating treatment guidelines and improving the effectiveness of long-term management of PID.
Using self-service technologies in hospitality setting
Authors: Torrichelli Telma Aline , Pozo Hamilton
Published: August 2018

The goal of this research is to focus on the organizational commitment factors of implementing a hospitality program using self-service technologies in the cluster of knitwear and clothing in the city of Socorro/SP. The data collected from the employees of this cluster was analyzed using a questionnaire with a Likert scale of agreement and open questions. The research is characterized as exploratory in nature; such methods are employed in the qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the model. The results were analyzed using non-parametric statistics techniques, as well as further correlation analyses and Cronbach's alpha. The results answered the research objectives, and they showed an unsatisfactory outcome for the barrier of information processing in the cluster that was examined
Who Was Śalya’s Father? Examining the Genealogy of an Epic Hero
Authors: Száler Péter
Published: August 2018

To the question, “Who was the Śalya of the Mahābhārata?”, a wide scale of different answers can be given. Without being exhaustive, Śalya can be described as a king, a general, a friend, a charioteer or even as a traitor. The high number of his roles indicates that he is among the most prominent epic heroes. On the other hand, it is striking that none of the answers given above refers to Śalya’s ancestry. The importance of the genealogical lists in the Mahābhārata is well established. For an epic hero it was his ancestry that determined his real identity. Therefore it is surprising that our knowledge about Śalya’s family is so meagre. As a matter of fact, the only thing we know about his birth is that he was an offspring of a prestigious royal dynasty. Śalya himself was, however, very proud of his descent and considered his service as Karṇa’s charioteer as a disgrace on his family. This paper attempts to identify this highly honoured dynasty from which Śalya arose. Many passages of the epic give the impression that Śalya was also of Kuru descent just as the Kaurava and Pāṇḍava heroes. This interpretation may shed new light on such events as Śalya’s appointment as general and Pāṇḍu’s second marriage.
Filtration Property of Monofilament Core–Shell Mesh Fabric Treated Via Tourmaline Hot Coating
Authors: Mao Haiwen , Ma Pibo , Jiang Gaoming
Published: August 2018

In this study, woven fabrics with numerous electrostatic charges and desirable charge stability were investigated. A kind of core–shell monofilaments with different melting points between outer and inner layers were applied to wove the fabrics. These fabrics were hot coated through tourmaline particles as an charge enhancer at 122°C. Benefiting from the anions released by tourmaline particles and optimized content of the particles, the fabrics were endowed with surface potentials from −10 to −160 V and the voids content decreased from 45.4% to 41.2%, which contribute to the improvement in the filtration performance of the fabrics. A filtration mechanism was proposed while incremental surface charges with increasing tourmaline particles content have been confirmed through the noncontact measurement of electrostatic charges. The resultant fabrics exhibited a high filtration efficiency of 64.8% and superior long-term service performance. This study can provide a new application of the screen window for PM 2.5 governance.
A Sibling-Pair Analysis for Causal Effect of Education on Health
Authors: Bai Yu , Li Yanjun
Published: August 2018

This paper examines the causal effect of education on long-run physical health, using survey data on matched siblings. By adopting a sibling-differences strategy, we are able to obtain estimates that are not biased by unobserved genetic factors and family background which affect both education and health. To address the potential endogenous shocks that affect siblings differently within the family, we further employ an instrumental variable approach by exploiting a profound disturbance in the education system during the Cultural Revolution in China. The within-sibling estimates suggest that an additional year of schooling is found to be positively related to health status later in life (better self-reported health, lower probability of feeling uncomfortable, getting chronic diseases, and being underweight). We also unravel the potential roles of income and cognition in the effects of education on health.
Geotourism Destinations – Visitor Impacts and Site Management Considerations
Authors: Dowling Ross K. , Newsome David
Published: August 2018

Geotourism is becoming a well established form of tourism based on the geological environment. It offers a new form of sustainable tourism which is more holistic then previous niche forms of tourism. However, with more people than ever visiting natural areas worldwide, the cumulative impacts of visitors on geological sites is increasing. This paper surveys visitor impacts and site management at geological sites which are geotourism destinations. We describe geotourism which is the engine driving the core activities of conservation, education and sustainable development in geoparks. We then outline some lessons learned from management in dealing with visitor impacts at a heavily visited geopark in Taiwan, a volcano in Indonesia, and a coastal World Heritage site in England. The importance of education is emphasized for geo-climbing in Spain and all-terrain vehicles in Poland. A number of site management approaches are noted, including the importance of guiding as a management strategy as well as the value of a positive involvement by the local community. Finally, some examples are given of the risks associated with tourism activities in volcanic areas as well as related appropriate management activities.
Choice of Law in b2b Contracts: the Law of the Jungle
Authors: Rutgers Jacobien
Published: August 2018

Is the law of the jungle the guiding principle with respect to choice of law clauses in international contracts between businesses (b2b contract)? Does a choice of law imply the rule of the strongest party? These and other questions are discussed in the light of 18 exploratory qualitative interviews with Dutch senior practising lawyers (advocaten). Lawyers were interviewed, since it is often presumed that they play an important role with respect to a choice of law in the pre-contractual phase. However, the perception of lawyers with respect to a choice of law is underresearched. The interview findings are discussed and compared to the data concerning a choice of law in the context of the debates about a common European contract law, regulatory competition, self-enforcing contracts and the legal origin theory. Finally, questions for future research are formulated. For instance, in the empirical research conducted sofar, no specific attention has been paid to small and medium sized businesses. Had they been considered, the outcome could have been different. The same may be said with respect to the different business sectors and the countries where the companies are established.
What if Hillary Clinton Had Gone to Wisconsin? Presidential Campaign Visits and Vote Choice in the 2016 Election
Authors: Devine Christopher J.
Published: August 2018

Hillary Clinton’s failure to visit the key battleground state of Wisconsin in 2016 has become a popular metaphor for the alleged strategic inadequacies of her presidential campaign. Critics who cite this fact, however, make two important assumptions: that campaign visits are effective, in general, and that they were effective for Clinton in 2016. I test these assumptions using an original database of presidential and vice presidential campaign visits in 2016. Specifically, I regress party vote share on each candidate’s number of campaign visits, at the county level, first for all counties located within battleground states, and then for counties located within each of six key battleground states: Florida, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Wisconsin. The results of this analysis do not clearly support either of the assumptions made by Clinton’s critics. In general, none of the presidential or vice presidential candidates – including Clinton – significantly influenced voting via campaign visits. However, Clinton is one of only two candidates – along with Mike Pence, in Ohio – whose campaign visits had a significant effect on voting in an individual state. Specifically, Clinton’s visits to Pennsylvania improved the Democratic ticket’s performance in that state by 1.2 percentage points. Also, there is weak evidence to suggest that Clinton might have had a similar effect on voting in Michigan. It is unclear from this evidence whether Clinton also would have gained votes, or even won, in Wisconsin had she campaigned in that state. But two conclusions are clear. First, Clinton’s visits to Democratic-leaning battleground states did not have the “backfiring” effect that her campaign reportedly feared. Second, Donald Trump did not win in Pennsylvania, Michigan, or Wisconsin as a direct result of his campaign visits to those decisive states.