bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Chitosan Particles in Treatment of Intrabony Periodontal Defects: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Faghani Maryam , Jenabian Niloofar , Haghanifar Sina , Khafri Sorayya
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Intrabony defects are among the most important signs of progression of periodontal disease. Complete tissue regeneration is the ideal goal of periodontal treatment, and regenerative methods aim to achieve this goal. New studies have reported the positive efficacy of chitosan to enhance the recovery of bony defects. This study aimed to clinically and radiographically assess the efficacy of chitosan particles for treatment of intrabony periodontal defects.
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 18 intrabony three-wall periodontal defects were randomly divided into three groups (n=6). The control group only received conventional flap surgery with a sulcular incision. In the second group, low molecular weight (100,000-300,000g/mol) chitosan was used in the three-wall intrabony defects during surgery while high molecular weight chitosan particles (600,000-800,000 g/mol) were used in the third group. The probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and radiographic defect depth (RDD) were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 months later. Repeated measures ANOVA, and McNemar’s test were used for statistical analysis.
Results: In both the control (P<0.001) and coarse chitosan (P=0.035) groups, a significant difference was noted in PPD before and after surgery. CAL was not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05). No significant difference was noted on radiographs between the groups regarding the regenerated bone density.
Conclusion: Chitosan showed no positive efficacy for treatment of three-wall periodontal bone defects.
Effect of Different Surface Treatments and Pressure Conditions on Shear Bond Strength of Zirconia Ceramic to Composite Resin
Authors: Kabiri Sattar , Neshati Ammar , Rohani Bita
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) of zirconia ceramic to composite resin with various surface treatments following pressure changes.
Materials and Methods: Totally, 135 zirconia blocks were prepared by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology. The samples were divided into 9 groups (n=15). Three surface treatments including sandblasting, tribo-chemical preparation, and laser application were used. For each method, 45 samples were considered and tested under different pressure conditions. Z-Prime Plus primer was used for bonding of all samples to composite cylinders. All specimens were stored in water for 24 h, underwent thermocycling, and were then placed in a pressure chamber under normal-, high-, and low-pressure conditions. Then, the SBS test was performed for each sample. Data were analyzed by two-way and one-way ANOVA (α=0.05).
Results: The SBS was significantly higher in sandblasting and tribochemical preparation compared with laser irradiation (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in SBS of sandblasting and tribochemical preparation methods (P>0.05). Sandblasting, tribochemical preparation, and laser methods did not show a significant difference in SBS at different pressures (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Sandblasting and tribochemical preparation yielded a higher SBS than laser. Different pressures had no effect on SBS, irrespective of surface preparation method.
Effect of Contamination with Hemostatic Agent on Shear Bond Strength of Composite to Dentin Using G-Premio and Single Bond Universal Adhesives
Authors: Khamverdi Zahra , Karimian Naemeh , Farhadian Maryam , Gheitouli Hamed
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Bond strength of composite restorations plays an important role in their success. This in vitro study evaluated the effect of a hemostatic agent on shear bond strength of universal adhesives.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-six extracted human molars were used in this study. Buccal and lingual surfaces were reduced to obtain flat dentin surfaces and were ground with a silicone paper. The samples were randomly divided into three groups (n=12) based on the application of hemostatic agent: group 1: no contamination (control), group 2: aluminum chloride application, and group 3: ferric sulfate application. Each group was then divided into two subgroups (n=6) for using G-Premio and Single Bond Universal. Resin cylinders (Filtek Z550) were bonded to dentin surfaces according to the manufacturer’s instructions. After 1000 thermal cycles, shear load was applied to the specimens using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (α=0.05).
Results: There were statistically significant differences in shear bond strength of the three main groups for both G-Premio and Single Bond Universal (P<0.05). When the adhesive systems were compared with each other, G-Premio showed higher shear bond strength than Single Bond Universal (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Contamination with hemostatic agents had an adverse effect on the shear bond strength of universal adhesives. Moreover, G-Premio yielded a higher bond strength than Single Bond Universal.
Marginal Adaptation of Implant Prostheses Fabricated by Different Materials in Excessive Crown Height Space Before and After Veneering
Authors: Ghodsi Safoura , Alikhasi Marzieh , Sahebi Majid , Nazari Vahideh
Published: August 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the marginal adaptation of implant-supported three-unit fixed restorations fabricated in excessive crown height by various frameworks namely zirconia, nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy, and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) before and after veneering.
Materials and Methods: A basic model with two implant fixtures was made to receive posterior three-unit fixed partial dentures (second premolar to second molar) in 15 mm crown height. A total of 30 frameworks were fabricated using Ni-Cr, zirconia, and PEEK (n=10). All specimens were veneered and vertical marginal discrepancy was evaluated before and after veneering using a stereomicroscope (×75). The effect of framework material and veneering on marginal discrepancy was evaluated by repeated-measures and one-way ANOVA, and paired t test (α=0.05).
Results: There was a significant difference between the groups (P<0.001) before and after veneering. The vertical marginal discrepancy of zirconia frameworks was significantly lower than that of other groups both before and after veneering (P<0.001). Statistical analysis revealed that the veneering process had a significant effect on marginal adaptation (P<0.001).
Conclusion: In implant prostheses with excessive crown height, zirconia had the greatest marginal adaptaion significantly, followed by Ni-Cr. Veneering caused a significant increase in marginal discrepancy of all the materials.
Evaluation of Escherichia coli contamination of consumed eggs around the campus of the agricultural state Polytechnic of Payakumbuh, Indonesia
Authors: Akvia Pratama Kevin , Silvia Noor Prima , Zelpina Engki , Sujatmiko .
Published: August 2021

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a pathogen that is enteropathogenic and/or toxic to human health. In addition, it is also a food safety indicator and an indicator of sanitary conditions for food of animal origin. This study aims to quantify E. coli in consumptive eggs in chicken coops around the Agricultural State Polytechnic of Payakumbuh University campus. A total of 30 samples of eggs consumed for food were taken from 5 cooperatives around the campus of the Agricultural State Polytechnic of Payakumbuh. Testing the amount of E. coli in eggs using the total bacterial count (TPC) method, the average E. coli count was 1.9 x 106 cfu/mL. The existence of E. coli illustrates the contamination of chicken eggs from laying hens around the campus Agricultural State Polytechnic of Payakumbuh, the need to maintain sanitation and biosecurity measures in keeping laying hens so that they produce eggs that are safe and sound suitable for community consumption.
A clinical epidemiological onsite study of a massive outbreak of Scombroid fish poisoning after consumption of yellowtail kingfish in northern Chile
Authors: Zapata Rodrigo , Acevedo Keryma , Mella Martina , Mella Verena , Zapata Keryma
Published: August 2021

Scombroid fish poisoning (SFP) is an acute illness caused by the consumption of poorly preserved fish containing high levels of histamine. Symptoms develop within 1-2 h, with gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and cardiopulmonary manifestations. The diagnosis relies exclusively on the clinical picture. To describe an onsite clinical-epidemiological study of a massive outbreak of SFP occurring in Chile. Descriptive study of an outbreak occurring in a closed Convention Center after lunch with Chilean Palometa or Seriola lalandi (Yellowtail kingfish). An Onsite questionnaire was answered by all attendants within 24 h. Local health officials supervised the place with a second survey and sample recollection of suspected fish. Eighty-three adults attended the event, of which 81 ate fish. Mean age: 58.5 years old, 82.7% women. The symptomatic attack rate of people eating suspected poisoned fish was 79% (64 out of 81 participants). Most common symptoms included: diarrhea (68%); headache (64%); flushing (64%) and diffuse redness (56%). Mean incubation period: 77 min (30-240 min). 98.4% of patients recovered within 10 h. Ten patients were referred to the emergency room, but none were admitted. There was a presumption of loss of refrigeration in the handling of fish, and confirmation of SFP by clinical basis, incubation period and attack rate. Fish was the only food item associated with illness (Odds ratio: 19, p = 0.014; Fisher two tails). This is one of the 5 largest outbreaks of SFP with fresh fish, ever reported in the literature. The clinical picture and rapid onset of symptoms made it possible to suspect SFP allowing timely management of patients. It is relevant to spread the knowledge about this underdiagnosed and underreported syndrome.
​The Significance Impact Assessment of Morphological Parameters on Watershed: A Review
Authors: Paras Er. Hirapara , Sanjay Parmar , Vaibhav Ram
Published: August 2021

Watershed morphological analysis is momentous for controlling floods risk, forethought and management of the watershed area, as well as it is foremost useful to perceive catchment hydrology. Remote sensing and geographic information system are used in recent times as a tool for watershed delineation and its planning. Many types of input parameters generally use for watershed delineation such as Toposheet, ALOS, SRTM DEM, ASTER DEM and CARTOSAT DEM. Based on analysis SRTM DEM gives meticulous and clear results compared to other DEM files. Morphometric based prioritization of watershed was given in many research papers but an appropriate result of priority range was not given and this type of study confusing to evaluate the rank of priority based on its erosional behaviour. In many papers results of morphometric parameters were not indicate how to retaliate these results of morphometric parameters to a watershed. This paper deals with the implication of different values of morphometric parameters with adequate contextual information. This review paper can give useful information for the morphometric analysis of watersheds.
Model Pendidikan Islam Progresif
Authors: Idris Muh , Mokodenseho Sabil
Published: August 2021

Islamic education is a future choice, and a reference in developing human potential and the embryo of world civilization. However, Islamic education does not always run smoothly, and in fact, it seems static because the education that is carried out cannot be separated from the system and the laws of life that take place. Therefore, Islamic education must be managed in a professional and quality manner. This paper aims to offer a progressive Islamic education model. Through literature studies from various literatures, which are then described and analysed with a qualitative approach, it shows that the Islamic education model must be designed and oriented towards empowering and developing human potential, so as to produce competitive and productive Human Resources. The basic models and styles of progressive Islamic education are able to create positive forces that can influence and determine human attitudes in life. The stronger the quality and potential of the human person, the more they will be able to have a visionary perspective and be able to realize and deepen the meaning of Islamic education in life as a determinant of identity. Thus, the Islamic education system will immediately be reformulated in accordance with the dynamics of the times, market needs, and based on local wisdom.
Aktualisasi Pendidikan Agama dan Sains dalam Character Building Peserta Didik di Sekolah dan Madrasah
Authors: Mansir Firman
Published: August 2021

This research was conducted to analyse what methods are effective in analysing the Role of Religion and Science Education in Forming Student Character Building. Basically, learning is influenced by the determination of the selection of the method used. Islamic religious education and science are different lessons so that as educators need to channel their creativity in delivering material. In this research, the writer used literature review method. So that the results of the study refer to methods that are effectively used. In the analysis of the role of religion and science education in shaping the character building of students. The result of this research is an effective method that can be used by educators in the role of religious education and science. In the formation of character building is the mix method, namely the problem-solving method, the inquiry method and the Discovery method.
Pendidik Dalam Upaya Pembentukan Karakter Rabani Generasi Muda Melalui Penerapan Metode Lagu Islami
Authors: Makhmudah Siti
Published: August 2021

The era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has had a tremendous impact on human life. The impact has caused major changes in all aspects of community life, both positive and negative impacts. Information becomes widely spread quickly and can be accessed easily by the public. However, behind such a positive impact, the negative impact cannot be avoided, including: the development of unnecessary information, such as content containing acts of violence, pornography, pornoaction and hoax news. This negative impact can trigger a moral recitation among Indonesia's younger generations. Therefore, character education efforts are needed from an early age as a bulwark against latent demoralization attacks. One of the effective ways of cultivating character is through early childhood education. Education institutions apply basic learning from character building so that children have basic abilities according to their development stage. This study uses a Classroom Action Research type of research and aims to implement the method of learning Islamic songs as an effort to build character in early childhood. The results of this study indicate that: 1) the learning atmosphere becomes more lively so that children can follow the lessons well; 2) Stimulating children's social spirit so as to create an equal atmosphere among friends; 3) Through learning Islamic songs in the form of clapping, songs and gestures, moral messages for character building are easy to memorize and apply.
Rulmanlı Yatak Uygulamaları İçin Grafit Katkılı PTFE ve PTFE Katkılı Poliamit-6 Polimerlerinin Aşınma ve Sürtünme Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Ünal Hüseyin , Yetgin Salih Hakan
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışma, rulmanlı yatak uygulamalarında kullanılan ağırlıkça %35 grafit katkılı politetrafloretilen (35G/PTFE) kompozit ve ağırlıkça %10 PTFE katkılı poliamit 6 (10PTFE/PA6) polimer karışımının farklı hızlar altındaki tribolojik performanslarının karşılaştırılması amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tribolojik deneyler, 1.0, 1.5 ve 2.0m/s kayma hızlarında, 50N ve 150N yükler altında disk üzerinde pim olan bir aşınma test düzeneğinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneyler, AISI 316L paslanmaz çelik disk malzemeye karşı kuru kayma şartları altında, oda sıcaklığında yapılmıştır. Aşınma ve sürtünme deneyleri sonucunda, kayma hızının artması ile deneylerde kullanılan her iki malzemenin sürtünme katsayısının çok az etkilendiği gözlenirken aşınma hacmi ve aşınma oranı değerlerinin arttığı gözlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler sonucunda, %35 grafit katkılı PTFE kompozitin aşınma oranı 2.70 ile 3.67x10-14 m2/N aralığında elde edilirken %10 PTFE katkılı PA6 polimer karışımının aşınma oranını ise 5.07 ile 15.5x10-14 m2/N aralığında elde edilmiştir. %35 grafit katkılı PTFE kompozitinin aşınma oranı %10PTFE katkılı PA6 polimer karışımına göre ortalama %62 oranında daha az aşındığı tespit edilmiştir.
Detailed Fruit Anatomy of the Genus Grammosciadium DC. (Apiaceae)
Authors: Karakaya Muhammet Ali , Mavi İdman Özlem , Bani Barış
Published: August 2021

The genus Grammosciadium is a member of the family Apiaceae and has four taxa namely G. daucoides, G. macrodon subsp. macrodon, G. macrodon subsp. nezaketiae and G. cornutum distributed in Turkey. Because the fruit anatomical characters are distinctly important for the taxonomy of the family Apiaceae, this study includes the detailed anatomy of the fruits of the genus. Moreover, some measurements from the fruit anatomy are given. Besides the general anatomy of them, the taxa are evaluated by both qualitative characters such as mericarp types and clarity of ribs and quantitative characters such as number of vascular bundles, number of vittae, size of mericarp, vittae, endosperm and vascular bundles. All the data presented in this research study may be used as a basis for all possible research on the taxonomy of the family and the genu.
A new inequality index?
Authors: Hoffmann Rodolfo
Published: August 2021

This article aims to motivate the debate on methods of measuring income inequality and poverty to compare regions in a country (or to compare selected countries). It is a criticism of an article published in volume 2 of the Brazilian Journal of Social and Labour Economics. The modification of the Gini index proposed by Esparza et al. (2020) involves arbitrary and unjustified definitions. There are already established methods, such as the generalized Lorenz curves, to compare the distribution of income in several regions without the analysis being limited to their inequality.
O papel do CONSED no processo de formulação de políticas educacionais, no contexto do capital-imperialismo
Authors: Cruz Danilo Bandeira dos Santos
Published: August 2021

O objetivo do presente texto é o de apresentar, de modo panorâmico, algumas reflexões acerca das estratégias de dominação burguesas no contexto do capital-imperialismo ou imperialismo monopolista, bem como do processo de socialização da política diante do movimento de redemocratização do Brasil, cujos desdobramentos refletiram no redesenho do Estado, ampliando-o e alterando o seu funcionamento. Destarte, se perceberá, com base no conceitual gramsciano, que a relação indissociável entre sociedades política e civil passou por alterações qualitativas, em razão da incorporação de novas determinações de cunho econômico, político, social e ideológico, sobretudo nos últimos anos da década de 1990. Nessa direção, foram criadas novas e diversificadas entidades e organizações da sociedade civil com vistas a disputar o direcionamento de políticas sociais, entre as quais, as do campo educacional, constituindo uma complexa rede de influência, da qual o Conselho Nacional de Secretários de Educação – CONSED - é parte integrante e fundamental. A análise foi direcionada a partir de levantamento bibliográfico, com destaque aos seguintes documentos: Projeto de Reconstrução Nacional (1991), Relatório de Gestão (1996) e Estatuto do Conselho Nacional de Secretários Estaduais de Educação (2010), além da Emenda Constitucional nº 14 de 1996. Conclui-se que a atuação do CONSED se definiu como de grande relevância no movimento de atualização das estratégias de dominação das classes e frações de classe no poder, visto que sua influência junto a diferentes instâncias públicas e privadas e sua capilaridade em relação aos sistemas e redes de ensino do país, lhe conferiu (e segue conferindo) uma posição privilegiada na implementação dos projetos das classes dirigentes ou frações empresariais burguesas.
Síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior en una adolescente con anorexia nerviosa durante la pandemia del COVID – 19. Reporte de un caso clínico
Authors: Huete Cordova Maria , Ledesma Gastañaduí Mario , Jaramillo Diaz Natalie
Published: August 2021

Se describe el caso de una paciente adolescente con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Arteria Mesentérica Superior causado por emaciación resultante de un Trastorno de Conducta Alimentaria (Anorexia Nerviosa, AN)  cuya evolución fue severamente acentuada por la pandemia de COVID-19. El Síndrome se debe a la compresión de la tercera porción del duodeno entre la arteria mesentérica superior y la aorta. Se describen las características clínicas, etiopatogénicas y diagnósticas más saltantes de la AN, cuyo diagnóstico precoz es fundamental para mejorar un pronóstico complicado por las consecuencias de baja de peso y desnutrición. La comorbilidad ansiosa y depresiva asociada al estrés causado por el confinamiento y los rasgos de personalidad obsesiva de la paciente requirieron de un tratamiento conjunto de los servicios de Pediatría y de Psiquiatría del Niño y  Adolescente, este último con intervenciones psicoterapéuticas individual y familiar.
Vaccine hesitancy: Don’t blame the public
Authors: Urato Adam
Published: August 2021

As a Maternal-Foetal Medicine specialist, I take care of high-risk pregnant women every day in the United States. Nowadays, several times each day in my office, I am asked about the Covid-19 vaccine by these patients. In my discussions with these women and their partners, many of them show real concerns about vaccines. It is understandable that pregnant women would proceed with caution with a new vaccine. However, my discussions with these families reveal something much broader: a general concern about vaccines and other recommended public health approaches.
Audit Risk Assessment and Influence on the Auditor`s Opinion
Authors:   Alexandru Ioan Cuza", GROSU Maria ,   University of Iasi, Romania, MIHALCIUC Camelia Catalina ,   "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Romania
Published: August 2021

Risk is one of the most controversial elements that auditors face in audit missions. This refers to the probability that significant misstatements will exist in the financial statements of companies, and the auditor will issue an unqualified opinion, therefore an erroneous opinion. For the auditor, the audit risk can be considered an economic risk, which requires the professional accountant to try to minimize this risk. Accurate identification and evaluation of the risk factors that characterize the three components of the Audit Risk - Inherent Risk, Control Risk and Detection Risk - contribute to a rigorous planning of the audit approach. In other words, the identified risks will be the basis for orienting the auditor's efforts towards those areas where distortions can lead to the alteration of the true image reported by the users' financial statements. In this study are identified and prioritized, based on financial reports in general, and of the audit, in particular the risk factors that characterize Audit Risk on three components: Inherent Risk, Control Risk and Detection Risk. The sample studied is represented by companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange on the regulated market, and the cause-effect analysis, but also cross-sectional analysis takes into account the period 2019-2020, before the crisis caused by Covid-19 and year of installation of the crisis. By testing and validating research hypotheses using regression methods and multivariate data analysis, it is highlighted that a ranking of audit risk components can be made, the inherent risk having a greater influence on audit planning than control risks and detection risks. Also, at the level of the analyzed sample, a company profile is identified, depending on the object of activity, auditor, the size of the audit risk and the opinion formulated in the audit report for the financial year closed at the end of 2020.
ERP Integrated Instruments – Opportunities and Challenges for Audit
Authors:   The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, DARIE Casiana Maria
Published: August 2021

The digital era affects all the fundamental areas known so far. In meeting the high levels of competition and industry pressures, the organizations used IT systems to help them achieve market advantages by saving resources, developing domestically and adapting to the challenges posed by the external environment. This paper includes in the first part a description of the role of systems such as ERP, Business Intelligence, "Analytics", "Big Data" and Computer Assisted Audit Techniques – CAAT's in the activity of auditors but also in collecting and processing a large volume of data by those in charge with the financial accounting field. In the second part, with the help of the questionnaire, data on the use of these systems by Romanian auditors were collected and analysed.
Considerations on the Advantages of Using Leasing in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors:   The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, TUDOR George-Aurelian , TURLEA Ioan Codrut ,   The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, MITOI Elena ,   The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: August 2021

Throughout the evolution of our society, accounting has played an important and sometimes decisive role in making or influencing certain decisions. Accounting research can provide social and cultural studies with important insights into how society and culture is produced and shaped by calculations, technologies and management control practices. An exciting challenge and opportunity for young researchers is to explore the role and impact of accounting in companies as well as in non-governmental organizations, given the many times when the issue of further reform has arisen because of sensitive events in the lives of companies. Increasing quality criteria as well as lowering costs by using leasing as a form of financing has generated part of the evolution of modern society. Thus, the management of companies has constantly had to establish new and new strategies to bring companies to our reputation and esteem through higher performance indicators than in previous periods. The main objective of the article is to understand the concept of leasing financing, to get familiar to the use of leasing, also to validate the hypothesis that leasing means a good manner of financing for small and medium enterprises using a variety of different strategy of economic development and obtaining economic benefits, having as a start point a right interpretation of accounting politics highlighting the true and fair view of the company. In order to validate the hypothesis that leasing is a factor of economic growth, the authors conducted a questionnaire consisting of nine questions in which respondents expressed their opinion on leasing as a form of financing. Following the study, the authors concluded, within the sample analyzed, that the use of leasing is a factor of economic growth, having as a start point the company development strategy, and also, the risk appetite of the shareholders. Also, using the leasing as a manner of finance offered the opportunity for a quickly technological growth and real appearing of the modern historical challenge - globalization.
Metrological Assurance of Gas Calorimeter and Wobbe Index Analyser
Authors: Mishina K. A. Mishina , Korchagina E. N. , Kazartsev Ia. V.
Published: August 2021

The paper describes research on metrological assurance of such measuring instruments as gas calorimeters and Wobbe index analysers. The purpose of the performed research is development of reference materials for gases with certified value of net volume-basis calorific value traceable to Russian state primary standard. Input set of candidate gases is hydrogen, methane, ethane and propane, as well as the target uncertainty of lower volumetric combustion energy value equal to 0,3 % – both were selected basing on results of metrological characteristics analysis of calorimetric equipment. The certified value of lower volumetric combustion energy is traceable to the State Primary Standard of combustion energy, specific combustion energy and volumetric combustion energy units GET 16. The certified value of selected gases and the uncertainty of this value were estimated with usage of comparing calorimeters for the combustion of high- and low-calorie gases «USVG» and «USNG» included in GET 16. Results obtained during investigational study and reference materials characterisation confirmed the stated accuracy. The continuance in prospect may allow development of reference materials for gas imitating mixtures of natural and casing-head gases as well as include Wobbe index in the list of certified characteristics.
Plant-matrix reference materials as a tool for ensuring the uniformity of chemical measurements in geochemistry, ecology, agriculture and pharmacology
Authors: Vasil’eva I. E. , Shabanova E. V.
Published: August 2021

The population needs reliable information on the chemical composition of plants and products made from them in order to preserve the environment and its safety. With the increase in cross-border trade, there is a growing demand for traceable results of determining the content of chemical elements in plants and not only proteins, fats, carbohydrates, pesticides, moisture, vitamins, etc., which can affect the quality of human life. An urgent but difficult analytical task is to obtain reliable measurements of the elemental composition of agricultural and wild plants and various products made from them. Reference materials (RMs) are a widely recognized tool for ensuring the uniformity of chemical measurements. They are designed for certification (validation) of existing and new methods (techniques) of chemical analysis, certification studies in the development of reference materials, and professional testing of laboratories. The article lists the reputable manufacturers of plant RMs in which the content of chemical elements is certified. The ratio of certified, reference, and quality control samples of plant-matrix has been assessed. The classification of certified reference materials according to the type of plant material used for their food application is provided. The contribution of different countries to the development of plant CRMs is hown. The selection of plants for the development of new RMs is discussed from two points of view, namely food composition databases (AOAC INTERNATIONAL) and the ‘Reference Plant’ chemical fingerprinting (B. Markert). Based on the consolidation of studies devoted to the development and appliance of plant-matrix reference materials, a list of the most important requirements has been compiled for reference materials that ensure the reliability and comparability of the results of chemical analysis in the fields of biology, geochemistry, ecology, agriculture, medicine, and interdisciplinary research.
A Proof of Riemann Hypothesis Based on MacLaurin Expansion of the Completed Zeta Function
Authors: Zhang Weicun
Published: August 2021

The basic idea is to expand the completed zeta function $\xi(s)$ in Maclaurin series. Thus, by $\xi(s)=\xi(1-s)$, we have the following polynomial equation \begin{equation}\nonumber \begin {split} &\xi(0)+\xi^{'}(0)s+\frac{\xi^{''}(0)}{2!}s^{2}+\cdots+\frac{\xi^{(n)}(0)}{n!}s^{n}+\cdots\\ =&\xi(0)+\xi^{'}(0)(1-s)+\frac{\xi^{''}(0)}{2!}(1-s)^{2}+\cdots+\frac{\xi^{(n)}(0)}{n!}(1-s)^{n}+\cdots \end {split} \end{equation} which finally leads to $s=1-s, s=\alpha \pm j\beta, \beta\neq 0$, then a proof of RH can be achieved.
Theoretical Calculation of Wind (Or Water) Turbine: Extending the Betz Limit
Authors: Lecanu Pierre , Breard joel , Mouaze Dominique , Smorgrav Bertil
Published: August 2021

The Betz limit sets a theoretical upper limit for the power production by turbines expressed as a maximum power coefficient of 16/27. Betz’s theory is accurate and it is based on the calculation of kinetic energy.
Lipid Nanocarriers for Anti-HIV Therapeutics: a Focus on Physicochemical Properties and Biotechnological Advances
Authors: Faria Maria J. , Lopes Carla M. , das Neves José , Lúcio Marlene
Published: August 2021

Since HIV was first identified, and in a relatively short period of time, AIDS has become one of the most devastating infectious diseases of the 21st century. Classical antiretroviral therapies were a major step forward in disease treatment options, significantly improving the survival rates of HIV-infected individuals. Even though these therapies have greatly improved HIV clinical outcomes, antiretrovirals (ARV) feature biopharmaceutic and pharmacokinetic problems such as poor aqueous solubility, short half-life and poor penetration into HIV reservoir sites, which contribute to the sub-optimal efficacy of these regimens. To overcome some of these issues, novel nanotechnology-based strategies for ARV delivery towards HIV viral reservoirs have been proposed. The current review focus on the benefits of using lipid-based nanocarriers for tuning the physicochemical properties of ARVs to overcome biological barriers upon administration. Furthermore, a correlation of these properties and the potential therapeutic outcomes has been established. Biotechnological advancements using lipid nanocarriers for RNA interference delivery for the treatment of HIV infections were also discussed.
Penerapan Media Webquest Berbasis Google Sites dalam Pembelajaran Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di MI Bilingual Roudlotul Jannah Sidoarjo
Authors: Bhagaskara Arindra Evandian , Firdausi Aulia Kaffah , Syaifuddin Mochammad
Published: August 2021

This research will discuss about the application of webquest media based on googe sites for online learning in low class classes as well as examining the strengths and weaknesses of implementing this media.. Qualitative research is the type of research chosen in conducting research on how the webquest media is applied. Data collection using interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques start from data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The conclusion from the results of this study is the webquest media can be applied as an alternative to implementing distance learning by utilizing google sites. The advantage of the googe sites based webquest media is that it can increase interest in learning and develop students' scientific attitudes. The weakness of the googe sites based webquest media lies in the differences in the creativity of teachers in making media and the barriers for students who have less reading skills.
Record Package guidance : best practices
Authors: Spangler Stephen , Fujan Roger , Broyles Carl , Baker Brian , Jameson Justin , Piotrowski Gerald , Groboski John , Hutsell Steve
Published: August 2021

The CAD/BIM Technology Center receives numerous questions throughout the year regarding the development of a Record Package that shows as-built conditions. While the Center does produce Standards on the look and organization of CAD drawings that are used to show as-built conditions, users wanted guidance on the Record Package development. The Chicago District had undertaken the development of such guidance, but a formal document was never officially released. The CAD/BIM Community of Practice (CoP) Work Structure Committee finished this guidance and their efforts are reflected in this document.
Livros, cadernos e papéis avulsos: estudo filológico de um inventário do cartório e do arquivo da Câmara de Santana de Parnaíba (1764)
Authors: Souza Ivan Douglas de
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o estudo filológico de um termo registrado no “Livro de Actas 1757 a 1764” da Vila de Santana de Parnaíba, intitulado “Termo de emtregua do Cartorio desta villa [...]”. De fato, tal documento, escrito em 12 de janeiro de 1764, funciona como um inventário, pois contém listas de maços de papéis avulsos e de livros produzidos e/ou guardados no cartório e no arquivo da Câmara da referida vila até aquela data. Resultam dessa investigação multidisciplinar as descrições de aspectos codicológicos e paleográficos do livro, assim como uma análise diplomática do documento. Do ponto de vista histórico, o conteúdo do texto dá uma amostra da produção documental e do arquivamento desses papéis na dita vila. O manuscrito, portanto, é um testemunho significativo para a história da escrita e da custódia de documentos em instituições como uma Câmara municipal e um cartório no Brasil do século XVIII.
Semiótica, enunciação e o discurso na internet: a experiência de ensino de um curso on-line
Authors: Noronha Ana Carolina Cortez
Published: August 2021

Este artigo apresenta um curso de extensão universitária oferecido em plataforma digital pela FFLCH-USP em julho de 2020 sobre semiótica, enunciação e o discurso na internet. O curso teve como proposta a apresentação dos conceitos semióticos de análise enunciativa do nível discursivo com base em Fiorin (2002) e Barros (2002) e sua aplicação de análise no discurso encontrado na internet conforme os trabalhos de Barros (2015). Este texto traz considerações sobre o desenvolvimento do conteúdo do curso, reflexões sobre o modo como se deu a interação entre ministrante e participantes e a apresentação de uma análise construída por ambos, em conjunto, no decorrer do curso, sobre conteúdo tirado de redes sociais.
Discursos da sensibilidade humana à causa animal
Authors: Alves Filho Manoel Sebastião
Published: August 2021

Este artigo pretende apresentar desenvolvimentos preliminares de nosso doutorado, cuja proposta é a de analisar discursos da sensibilidade humana aos animais nos campos científico, jurídico e do terceiro setor, a fim de observar diferenças de constância e de intensidade na afirmação de que os animais são dotados de características como sensação, emoção, consciência e linguagem. Procuramos verificar a hipótese de que o reconhecimento da dor e da sensibilidade desses seres é mais constante e intenso do que o reconhecimento de suas capacidades cognitivas e linguísticas. Baseados na Análise do discurso derivada de M. Pêcheux e de M. Foucault, procuramos tecer algumas considerações acerca da sensibilidade humana aos animais no contemporâneo e realizar a análise de excertos de dois projetos de lei em defesa dos animais. Essas análises iniciais confirmam a nossa hipótese.
Definições terminológicas negativas: um mal necessário?
Authors: Delvizio Ivanir Azevedo , Silveira Francine de Assis
Published: August 2021

As convenções sobre elaboração de definições terminológicas, em geral, recomendam evitar o uso de estruturas negativas sempre que possível. Com isso, as definições negativas têm sido pouco ilustradas e discutidas. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar um conjunto desse tipo de definição e observar os casos em que pode ser utilizado. Para tal, fundamentou-se nos preceitos teóricos da Terminologia (CABRÉ, 1993; FINATTO, 2003; KRIEGER; FINATTO, 2004; BARROS, 2004; ALMEIDA; PINO; SOUZA, 2007; GALDIANO; ZAVAGLIA, 2015; SAGER, 1993; BARITÉ, 2017). Foram analisadas definições negativas utilizadas tanto no discurso especializado quanto em trabalhos terminográficos em diferentes áreas de especialidade. Observou-se que as definições negativas foram usadas para definir termos que expressam conceitos que têm como traço principal a ausência de uma característica, com valor negativo, que apresentam formantes negativos em suas estruturas, ou que mantêm relação de oposição com outro(s) termo(s), distinguindo-se dele(s) pela ausência de uma característica.
Fixação, idiomaticidade e composicionalidade: a unidade fraseológica “deixar a poeira baixar” no português
Authors: Prezotto Júnior José Roberto
Published: August 2021

Concebemos a Fraseologia como interdisciplinar e estabelecemos diálogo com a Linguística Cognitiva (GURILLO, 1997; 2001; OLZA MORENO, 2011; MERINO GONZÁLEZ, 2015) a fim de descrever, sincronicamente, a unidade fraseológica “deixar a poeira baixar” no português, que denota uma ordem ou um conselho do locutor ao interlocutor, para que este aguarde o fim das situações conflitantes. Utilizamos o Corpus do Português (DAVIS; FERREIRA, 2016) para análise e defendemos a hipótese de que esse fraseologismo surge da metáfora conceitual: ADVERSIDADE É DEVIDO AO TEMPO RUIM, relacionada às condições climáticas. Ademais, ratificamos a fixação e a idiomaticidade dessa unidade, por seguir a ordenação formal dos verbos modais do português e ser dotada de composicionalidade motivada, uma vez que recuperamos pistas da contribuição de seus componentes para o significado total.
As unidades pluriverbais em dicionários: aspectos teóricos e metalexicográficos em publicações espanholas do século XX
Authors: Ferreira Roosevelt Vicente , Rodrigues-Pereira Renato
Published: August 2021

Com este artigo, apresentamos uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito dos preceitos teóricos que fundamentam a inserção das unidades pluriverbais nos dicionários. Para tanto, revisamos alguns trabalhos espanhóis de caráter metalexicográfico publicados no decorrer do século XX. As obras estudadas, Casares (1921), Menéndez Pidal (1945), Martínez (1947), Casares (1950), Haensch (1982), Haensch (1997) e Lara (1997) demonstram que a inclusão dos fraseologismos nos dicionários foi objeto de preocupação desde os primórdios do século XX, reforçando a necessidade, por parte dos lexicógrafos da atualidade, de estudos sobre esse universo léxico, devido a sua importância para a elaboração de dicionários linguísticos.
Apresentação
Authors: Barros Mariana Luz Pessoa de
Published: August 2021

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FUCOM-MARCOS based Group Decision-making using Dombi Power Aggregation of Dual Probabilistic Linguistic Information
Authors: Saha Abhijit , Mishra Arunodaya Raj , Rani Pratibha
Published: August 2021

The dual probabilistic linguistic (DPL) term sets are considered superior to probabilistic linguistic term sets. The power average operator can lessen the effects of the extreme assessing data from some decision-makers with prejudice. Further, the Dombi operators are quite flexible with the general parameter during the aggregation process. Moreover, based on deviation from the maximum consistency by the exclusion of the concern of the redundancy of the comparisons made in criteria pairs, FUCOM (full consistency method) is utilized as a subjective criteria weight computing model. Besides, MARCOS (Measurements alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution) method is based on the determination of utility degrees according to the distance from anti-ideal and ideal solutions and their aggregations. In this study, we combine the merits of power average operator, Dombi operator, FUCOM technique and MARCOS for dealing with multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problems under a DPL setting where rank of the alternatives are obtained through MARCOS method. For aggregating decision-experts preferences, we propose two types of operators, namely- DPL Dombi power weighted averaging and DPL Dombi power weighted geometric aggregation operators. We discuss the elegant properties of these proposed aggregation operators. We provide a case study regarding open source software learning management system selection to focus the practicability and usefulness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, we perform a sensitivity assessment on diverse criteria weight sets in order to test the stability of our developed intriguing approach. To this effect, we also provide a comparison between our approach with various extant methods.
Sasakia Charonda (Apaturinae: Nymphalidae) and its Three Related Butterfly Larvae Use Halitosis to Repel Predators
Authors: Hayashi Taro , Holikawa Kaori , Akiba Hisako , INOUE Takashi A , Niihara Kinuko , Fukuda Tatsuya
Published: August 2021

Accidentally, we discovered that Sasakia charonda (Nymphalidae: Apaturinae) larvae disturbed by ants or humans released volatile compounds from their mouth; thus, we tried to identify these halitosis. We collected halitosis directly from the mouths of S. charonda larvae into volatile-collecting tubes. Trapped halitosis were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). We confirmed the identity of eleven substances by comparison to GC of known standards, and inferred them to be mainly alcohols and aldehydes/ketones, with main chains of 4–5 carbons. Three of the chemicals in these halitosis, 2-butanol, 1-penten-3-ol and 3-pentanone, affected the behavior of Pristomyrmex punctatus and Formica japonica ants that co-inhabited the S. charonda rearing cage. We concluded that the substances we identified in this study were used as defensive halitosis, analogous to osmeterium emissions specific to Papilionidae butterflies. Based on smell, Holikawa found that Hestina assimilis and H. persimilis larvae have closely related halitosis. Thus, we also analyzed the halitosis of these two species as well as Apatura metis, another Apaturinae, using the same methods. We found that these species also release halitosis. The composition of the substances of H. assimilis and H. persimilis were somewhat similar to that of S. charonda, whereas that of A. metis differed. Some of the substances also induced defensive behavior in these species of Apaturinae larvae.
The Involvement of Oxidative Stress, Neuronal Lesions, Neurotransmission Impairment, and Neuroinflammation in Acrylamide-Induced Neurotoxicity
Authors: Zhao Mengyao , Deng Linlin , Lu Xiaoxuan , Fan Liqiang , Zhu Yang , Zhao Liming
Published: August 2021

Acrylamide (ACR) is a typically contaminate during environmental industry and poses potential health hazards that have been attracting increasing attention. Its neurotoxicity is known to cause significant damage to health. However, the mechanisms of ACR-induced neurotoxicity require further clarification. This study explores how ACR-induced oxidative stress, neuronal lesions, neurotransmission impairment, and neuroinflammation mutually contribute to neurotoxicity using a mouse model. According to the results, oxidative stress was indicated by the presence of a distinct increase in cellular reactive oxygen species levels, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine content, as well as a significant decrease in the glutathione content after ACR exposure. Moreover, ACR caused neurological defects associated with gait abnormality and neuronal loss while suppressing the levels of acetylcholine and dopamine and increasing the protein expression of α-syn, further inhibiting cholinergic and dopaminergic neuronal function. Additionally, ACR treatment caused an inflammation response via NF-κB activation and increased the protein expression of NLRP3. Consequently, ACR activated the NLRP3 inflammasome constituents, including Caspase-1, ASC, N-GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18. The results revealed the underlying molecular mechanism of ACR-induced neurotoxicity via oxidative stress, neurotransmission impairment, and neuroinflammation-related signal cascade. This information will further improve the development of an alternative outcome pathway strategy for investigating the risk posed by ACR.