bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A suitable therapeutic approach against LA7 breast cancer stem cells-induced rat mammary gland tumor by starved fibroblasts supernatant with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Saeedi Fatemeh , Ghorbani Hossein , Karimian Mohammad , Akhavan-Niaki Haleh , Fattahi Sadegh , Gooran Sahar , Pourbagher Roghayeh , Kalali Behnam , Moudi Emaddodin , Mostafazadeh Amrolah
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of 16h-serum starved-fibroblasts culture supernatant (16h-SFS) with and without bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) on the pathological and immunomolecular features of LA7 cancer stem cells-induced mammary tumor in rats. In an interventional study, 30 female rats were selected and the breast tumors were induced in all rats by LA7 cell and then were divided into six groups. The rats receiving the DMEM or PBS were considered as control groups. Three other groups received 16h-SFS solution, BMSCs, and 16h-SFS + BMSCs, respectively. After the treatment procedure, the tumor size were measured. Then the tumor tissues were evaluated in 10 high-power fields regarding the angiogenesis rate, mitotic cells, and type of immune cells infiltrated into the tumor microenvironment. Also, the expression of Cxcl9, Cxcl10, and Cxcl12 chemokines in tumors was examined by the Real-Time PCR method. Tumor size in 16h-SFS, BMSCs, and 16h-SFS + BMSCs groups were significantly reduced. Also, the tumor angiogenesis was significantly decreased in 16h-SFS + BMSCs vs. DMEM group. Also, the highest presence of mononuclear immune cells was observed in tumor tissues of the 16h-SFS + BMSCs group. A significant increase in Cxcl9 gene expression was observed in 16h-SFS + BMSCs vs. PBS and DMEM groups. Also, the Cxcl10 gene expression 16h-SFS + BMSCs group significantly increased vs. 16h-SFS, BMSCs, PBS, and DMEM groups. Our findings suggest that simultaneous administration of 16h-SFS and BMSC has an anti-tumor effect against LA7-induced tumors by modulating pathological and immeunological features. Therefore, these compounds could be considered as a promising cancer therapeutic approach.
Comparative petrophysical characterization, BIB-SEM imaging and permeability models of tight carbonates: Case study Upper Jurassic (Malm ß), N Bavaria
Authors: Freitag Simon , Klaver Jop , Malai Iulian S. , Klitzsch Norbert , Urai Janos L. , Stollhofen Harald , Bauer Wolfgang , Schmatz Joyce
Published: June 2022

Tight carbonate rocks are important potential although unconventional geothermal and hydrocarbon underground storage reservoirs and prospective CO 2 -EGS sites. We study these rocks by using the Upper Jurassic “Malm ß” in Southern Germany as an outcrop analog example to understand bulk properties in relation to microstructure and to test a variety of models for permeability prediction. Bulk petrophysical methods (Archimedes isopropanol immersion method, Helium pycnometry, mercury injection capillary pressure, gamma density core logging, gas permeability measurements) combined with microstructural investigations (BIB-SEM) are applied. Samples are macroscopically undeformed limestones collected from a tectonically overprinted quarry wall near the town of Simmelsdorf (38 km NE of Nürnberg city). Bulk porosities are below 5% and argon permeabilities are on average 1.4E-17m 2 . The presence of stylolites in some of the samples has neither a significant effect on porosity nor permeability. Pore sizes are in the submicron range and the diagenetically lithified stiff limestones are characterized by a relatively high Young’s Modulus averaging 73±5 MPa. Moreover, no trends in properties were observable towards the faults, indicating that faulting was post-diagenetic and that the matrix permeabilities were too low for intensive post-diagenetic fluid-rock interaction. Petrophysical properties are very close to those measured in stratigraphic equivalent rocks of the South German Molasse Basin, illustrating the widespread homogeneity of these rocks and justifying the quarry scale (500 x 580 m) as a reasonable reservoir analog for these rocks in the subsurface. The application of various permeability prediction models showed that the Capillary Tube model and the Saki Model are very well suited for predicting permeabilities from BIB-SEM and mercury injection capillary pressure results, respectively. We thereby found that the matrix permeability is primarily controlled by the pore throat diameters rather than the effective porosity.
Decision-To-Delivery Interval in Obese Patients Undergoing Emergent Cesarean Birth
Authors: Futterman Itamar , Navi Liel , Kim Hae-Young , Mendonca Roni , Girshin Michael , Shilkrut Alexander
Published: June 2022

Objective
To examine how increased body mass index (BMI) class impacts time to delivery interval in the setting of emergent cesarean birth.
Study Design
A cohort study of all emergent cesarean births at our institution from 2012–2018. Three comparison groups were divided by BMI category: 1. Non obese; </=30 kg/cm2 (n = 55), 2. Class I obesity; 31–34 kg/cm2 (n = 75), 3. Class II and III Obesity; >/=35 kg/cm2 (n = 51). Primary outcomes were time interval from decision-to-delivery interval and from skin-incision-to-delivery interval.
Results
The mean time interval (minutes +/- standard deviation (SD)) from arrival at the OR to delivery was 25.1 ± 9.7, 26.1 ± 10.6 and 30.2 ± 12.2, highlighting that as patient BMI class increased, the interval time to arrival to the OR and to delivery increased (beta coefficient 95% CI 5.15 (1.01,9,30) p = 0.037). The mean time interval (minutes +/- SD) from skin incision to delivery was 8.7 ± 5.6, 9.0 ± 6.4 and 11.7 ± 7.0, again showing a positive correlation between time interval and increasing BMI class (beta coefficient 95% CI 3.02 (0.65,5.40) p = 0.025).
Conclusion
This study describes the challenge of urgent cesarean births in obese patients, manifested in longer decision-to-delivery and skin-to-delivery intervals as BMI class increases. These findings support prior literature that describe a longer transport and surgical times in obese patients undergoing cesarean birth.
Prognostic Factors Associated with 18 FDG-PET/CT in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Trimodality Treatment
Authors: Feng Wei-Hsiang , Chen Ying-Yi , Kuo Yen‐Shou , Lin Kuan-Hsun , Tsai Yuan-Ming , Wu Ti-Hui , Huang Hsu-Kai , Huang Tsai-Wang
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This study aimed to determine the pathological complete response (pCR), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG).
Methods
This is a retrospective study of patients with locally advanced ESCC receiving nCRT and then esophagectomy between January 2011 and December 2018 in the Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to determine the independent prognostic factors.
Results
Fifty patients were enrolled in the study, and 18 had pathological complete response. Post-nCRT SUVmax ≥ 3 is a poor prognostic factor associated with overall survival (HR: 3.665, P = 0.013) and progression-free survival (HR: 3.417, P = 0.011). Poor prognosis was found in the pCR plus post-nCRT SUVmax ≥ 3 patients compared with non-pCR plus post-nCRT SUVmax < 3 group.
Conclusions
SUVmax ≥ 3 is a poor prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after trimodality treatment, even in patients having pathological complete response.
Efficient therapeutic combinations of a naturally occurring trans-ferulic acid with different chemotherapies on in vitro hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Abdel-Hamid Nabil , ElNakeeb Nadia , El-Senduny Fardous
Published: June 2022

Trans- ferulic acid (TFA) is a polyphenolic compound present in many dietary supplements. To get better chemotherapeutic outcomes through treatment protocols for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study focused on the exploration of the in vitro influence of a combination of TFA with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), doxorubicin (DOXO), and cisplatin (CIS) on HepG2 cell line. Treatment with 5-FU, DOXO, and CIS alone down-regulated oxidative stress, alfa-fetoprotein (AFP), and decreased cell migration through the depression of metalloproteinases (MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-12) expression. Co-treatment with TFA synergized the effects of these chemotherapies by decreased MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-12 expression, and gelatinolytic activity of both MMP-9 and MMP-2 in cancer cells. TFA significantly reduced the elevated levels of AFP and NO, and depressed cell migration ability (metastasis) in HepG2 groups. Co-treatment with TFA elevated the chemotherapeutic potency of 5-FU, DOXO, and CIS in managing HCC.
Adenosine Reaction of Myosin
Authors: Ubani Solomon
Published: June 2022

Research was to study the adenosine triphosphate in living cells for synthesis. The research question was does process consumed and converts it to adenosine diphosphate or to adenosine monophosphate. The method involves studies of the structural constituents' in combination to adenosine and two phosphate sets. The bisphosphate was studied for the merge with 5’ of the compound. The results showed Atlases were a kind of enzyme for catalysis of decomposition of adenosine triphosphate into bisphosphate and a free phosphate or inverse reaction. The dephosphorylation released the resources, and the enzymes produced reactions. The study showed the usefulness of binding of adenosine triphosphate by myosin Atheist during the cycle. A number of these were synthesized and their reaction with myosin. It concluded in the presence of 0.6 M of potassium chloride, there was an increased myosin Atheist in the solution
Application and short-term effect of enhanced recovery after surgery on robotic distal gastric cancer surgery
Authors: Liu shan , wang chun , xing zhaodong , wang yuna , cai guohao , huang ping
Published: June 2022

Backgroud Robotic distal gastrectomy (RDG) has been increasingly used for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). At the same time, enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) [1]has been increasing used in all kinds of operations. However,how the clinical effect of ERAS combined with RDG yet to be researched more. Thus, this study aimed to To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of Robotic distal gastrectomy (RDG) and enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)[2] Methods In total, 52 patients were enrolled between July 2020 and January 2022 in this retrospective study.26 patients underwent Robotic distal gastrectomy (RDG) was adopted with routine perioperative intervention while 26 patients adopted the ERAS mode.the general date(age,gender,BMI index,underlying disease),perioperative data(operationg methods postoperative hospital stay,postoperative inflammation:C-reactive protein,postoperative ambulation time,postoperative liq-uid food intake time,postoperative anal exhaust time,operation time,the number of lymph node dissection,intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization expenses,postoperative hospital stay), postoperative complication were compared between the two groups. Results There is no different significantly in the general date ,operation time,the number of lymph node dissection, intraoperative blood loss between this two groups(p > 0.05), ERAS [3]concept showed its advantages in release postoperative inflammation,reduce postoperative hospitalization stay and cost,cut down postoperative anal exhaust time ,reduce postoperative complication (P < 0. 01). Conclusions Collectively, ERAS results in accelerated convalescence, reduction of surgical stress and medical costs, improved nutritional status, and better quality of life for gastric cancer patients. However, high-quality multicenter randomized controlled trials with large samples and long-term follow-up are needed to more precisely evaluate ERAS in RDG.
Effect of fruits intake on functional constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and crossover studies
Authors: Gao Hua , Huo Jinghong , Cao Hongdou , Gao Qinghan
Published: June 2022

Functional constipation (FC) is commonly treated with fruits whose efficacy remain unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of fruit intervention for FC and provided evidence-based recommendations. We searched seven databases from inception to April 2022. All randomized and crossover studies of the effectiveness of fruits on the FC were included. We conducted sensitivity and subgroup analysis. A total of 11 studies were included in this review at last. Four trials showed that kiwifruits have significantly increased the stool frequency (MD=0.26, 95% CI (0.22, 0.30), P＜0.0001, I2=0%) than palm date or orange juice in the fixed-effect meta-analysis. Three high-quality studies suggested that kiwifruits have better effect than ficus carica paste on the symptom of the FC assessed by the Bristol stool scale in the fixed-effect meta-analysis (MD=0.39, 95% CI (0.11, 0.66), P＜0.05, I2=27%). Besides, five trials showed that fruits can increase the Lactobacillus acidophilus (MD=0.82, 95% CI (0.25, 1.39), P＜0.05, I2= 52%) analysed with random-effect model. Subgroup meta-analysis according to the types of fruits suggested that fruits including pome fruit, citrus fruit and berries have increased the Bifidobacterium than the stone fruits in the random effect meta-analysis (MD=0.51, 95% CI (0.23, 0.79), P ＜ 0.05, I2=84%). Totally, fruits intake may have potential symptom alleviation on the FC as evidence shows they can affect stool consistency, stool frequency and gut microbiota. Further large-scale studies in clinic are needed to gain more confident conclusions concerning the association between fruits intake and FC.
Modified Serial Techniques “ASTRO” Faciliated Laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision for ultralow-Lying Rectal Cancer in Obese Male Patients
Authors: Yin Yefeng , Zhuang Meng , Hu Xiyue , Liu Jungguang , Mei Shiwen , Tang Jianqiang
Published: June 2022

Background
Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LaTME) is technically challenging for ultralow-lying rectal cancer in obese male patients. Herein, we introduced modified serial techniques “ASTRO” to facilitate LaTME, and the short-term outcomes were presented.
Methods
A prospective study (NCT05067413) was conducted between December 2020 and January 2022. The modified serial surgical techniques “ASTRO” included 5 key steps: 1) Anterior peritoneal reflection (APR) dissection at the highest line along with a "n"-shaped membrane bridge; 2) Suspending the APR with a purse-string suture through the bladder peritoneum to enlarge the operating space of the anterior rectal wall; 3) Traction and counter-traction continuously of the rectum applied with a cotton tape around the rectum; 4) Resection of the pelvic rectum on tripartition, followed by the sequence of "posterior > anterior > lateral" principle; 5) the trans-anterior Obturator nerve gateway was adapted to transect the distal rectum. The operative data and postoperative short-term outcomes were collected.
Results
24 consecutive patients underwent this procedure successfully. The average body mass index (BMI) was 29.9 ± 1.3. The average of tumor height from anal verge was 4.0 cm (range, 3.0–4.5 cm). The median operating time and blood loss was 217 min (range,165–420 min) and 50ml (range,20–100 ml) respectively. The anterior operation space at the midsagittal plane of the pelvis inlet was increased by 2.0 ± 0.3 cm. The calculated dominant angle was 20 ± 3°. The length of stapling line was 6.8 ± 1.0 cm with 11 cases by one cartridge and 13 cases by 2 cartridges. 8 patients developed postoperative complications including 4 with anastomosis leakage (16.7%), 2 with urinary retention (8.3%), one with anastomotic stenosis (4.2%) and one with ileus (4.2%). All the complications were relatively mild and recovered well.
Conclusion
Modified Serial Techniques “ASTRO” could expand the operating space and facilitate LaTME in obese male patients, thereby reducing the risk of conversion to open and transanal dissection.
Cr, Fe-MOF/ Graphene Hybrid Nanocomposite for Ultra Removal of Organic Sulfur Compounds from Diesel Fuel
Authors: Matloob Aya M. , El-Hafiz Dalia R. Abd , saad lamia , Mikhail S.
Published: June 2022

Metal-organic frameworks (Cr-MOF and Fe-MOF) and their graphene hybrid nano-composites were prepared via the green solvo-thermal method. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, and XPS. The composites were used for the adsorption of thiophenic sulfur compound (thiophene, dibenzothiophene, 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene) in a model fuel oil. It was found that graphene in the MOF composite has a positive effect on sulfur removal. The removal efficiency increase from 62 % to % 95.6 using Fe-MOF and Fe-MOF/Gr (9:1), respectively. This enhancement effect is attributed to a higher number of coordinatively unsaturated sites (CUS) in the composites. The results indicated that the adsorption reaches to 96.6% for DBT adsorption from model diesel oil and 62% for diesel fuel on using Cr-MOF/Gr composite.
Hydrodynamical numerical assessment of the recent droughts at Gallinas River, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
Authors: Rodríguez-Cuevas Clemente , Hernández-Antonio Arturo , Hernández-Gómez Jorge J. , Padilla-Pérez Diego , Couder-Castãneda Carlos
Published: June 2022

Water scarcity is estimated to be a significant threat to societies worldwide, such as food shortages and hygiene problems. In 2016-2020, during the dry season, the Gallinas River in San Luis Potosí State, Mexico, experienced a complete loss of its downstream flow. These events severely impacted the locality’s economy and never registered before. Consequently, the flow disappears at the Tamul waterfall. To investigate the causes, this research focuses on identifying the flow variations in different river sections. To find the causes of flow losses in the Gallinas River, which has been affected by the temporary disappearance of the waterfall, the EFDC model was used and calibrated based on data from measurement campaigns that took place from 2017 to 2018. This model was applied under five different scenarios of inflow boundary conditions: 1.5, 30,60, and 1000 m 3 /s. Data collection methods include in situ measurements of flow and speed, photogrammetry, numerical modeling, bathymetry, and digital elevation modeling. It can be concluded that the most likely reason for the flow variations in the river is the influence of the geology that would generate specific infiltrations and the geological configuration of the GallinasRiver reveals why upstream the river seems to carry a considerable flow.
Assessing the Effect of Natural Forest Conversion to Coffee-Based Forest on Soil Carbon Stock at Anfilo District, West Ethiopia
Authors: Daka Yohannes Shifera
Published: June 2022

Background: Natural forest degradation for coffee management and intensification in natural forest has been playing a great role in affecting forest carbon (C) stock potential in western and southwestern Ethiopia which is not studied well. By considering this issue, the current study was conducted with the aim to assess the soil C stock changes as a result of conversion of natural forest to coffee-based forest at Anfilo District, western Ethiopia. The District is 642 km west of Finfinne (The country’s capital city). For the present study, two adjacent land uses, protected natural forest (PNF) (1,576 ha) and forest with coffee (FWC) (2,364 ha) were considered. In light of this, soil samples were collected for the analysis of C content and bulk density (BD). Soil samples were taken by using ‘‘X’’ design from land size of 1mx1m (four at corners for C content and one in the center for BD analysis) at two levels of soil depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) separately. Accordingly, a total of 120 soil samples (60 for C content and 60 for bulk density) were collected and taken to laboratory for the determination of C content and BD. Walkley-Black method was used to estimate soil C stock. Independent t –test was used to test for differences in soil C stocks at significant level of 0.05.Results: The findings of the present study revealed that significantly higher soil C stock was recorded for PNF (136.2 + 8.42 t C ha-1) than FWC (90.76 + 4.97 t C ha-1) (p<0.05).Conclusion: The study concluded that conversion of natural forest to coffee-based forest leads to a reduction of SOC by 33.4%, which is equivalent to the emission of about 166.613 t CO2 ha-1 to the atmosphere. Thus, maintaining and enhancing the soil carbon sequestration potential of this forest soil should be required through implementation of different conservation mechanisms.
Co-designing a service specification for a pharmacogenomic testing service in community pharmacy in England
Authors: Rendell Tim , Barnett Julie , Scott Sion , Wright David
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Pharmacogenomics is a novel arena of medicine that uses patients’ DNA to support pharmacists and prescribers selecting the most appropriate medicine for patients.Aim: To use an online consensus panel to review and validate a service specification for a PGx testing service in the English community pharmacy setting.Method: A consensus panel comprising of pharmacists, prescribers and patients was convened to participate in a co-design process of critical comment, reviewing the operationalisation of Behaviour Change Techniques identified in a previous study. Panel members completed a survey prior to attending a workshop to discuss, agree and confirm the content for a service specification. Following the workshop recommended strategies for operationalisation were extracted and informed a final version of the service specification.Results: From the consensus panel, strategies for operationalisation of the Behaviour Change Techniques were identified including a pre-launch engagement event, subject matter expert support for healthcare professionals, provision of supporting materials and training requirements for clinical decision making. These were all incorporated into the service specification as part of the co-design.Conclusion: Designing a community pharmacy led pharmacogenomic service using co-design methodology has resulted in critical feedback, ideas validation and operationalisation of behavioural science generated Behaviour Change Techniques to develop a pragmatic service specification. This is more likely to result in both pharmacist engagement to offer and deliver a community pharmacist led pharmacogenomic testing service and prescriber acceptance of recommendations for any changes to patients’ prescriptions.
The Role of Reduced Glutathione on the Activity of Adenosine Deaminase, Antioxidative System, Aluminum and Zinc Levels in Experimental Aluminum Toxicity
Authors: ATAKISI Onur , DALGINLI Kezban YILDIZ , GULMEZ Canan , KALACAY Destan , ATAKISI Emine , ZHUMABAEVA Taasilkan TOKTAMAMATOVNA , AŞKAR Tunay KONTAŞ , DEMIRDOGEN Ruken Esra
Published: June 2022

Aluminum (Al) is the most common and widely used element in nature, which cause many health problems and toxic effects. The accumulation of aluminum in the brain, which easily crosses the blood-brain barrier, causes neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and dementia, especially diseases associated with free radicals. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is an intracellular tripeptide with low molecular weight, hydrophilic properties, and strong antioxidant effects. This study aimed to investigate the role of reduced glutathione on the activity of adenosine deaminase, antioxidative system, aluminum and zinc levels in aluminum toxicity. In this study, Sprague Dawley rats (n=32) were used. The rats were divided into four equal groups. Group I received 0.5 mL intraperitoneal injection of 0.9 % saline solution (NaCI), Group II received single-dose AlCI3 , Group III was given GSH for seven days, Group IV was given AlCI3 single dose and at the same time 100 mg/kg GSH was given for seven days At the end of the experimental period of seven days, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. Plasma TAS and Zn levels were lower than the control group. In contrast, plasma TOS and aluminum concentrations and ADA activity were higher in the aluminum-administered group than in the control group. It was determined that the changed parameters returned to their normal levels in the group given GSH together with aluminum. As a result, additional GSH administration has a protective effect on adenosine deaminase activity, antioxidant system, and Zn level in experimental aluminum toxicity.
N-oleoylethanolamine Loaded Liposomes for Efficient Stroke Therapy
Authors: Wu Shichao , Yang Xiangrui
Published: June 2022

With high mortality, stroke has become a serious threat to human health. Nevertheless, the strategy for stroke therapy is quite limited in the clinic till now. In this research, we prepared a novel neuroprotective nanoformulation (OEA Liposomes) via encapsulating endogenous N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) in liposomes for intravenous administration. The formulation largely increased the solubility and bioavailability of OEA. Then the following systematic experiments stated the excellent neuroprotective effect of OEA Liposomes in vivo. The survival rate of the nanodrug group was largely increased to 75%, while that of the MCAO group was only 41.7%. And the severe neurological functional deficit of the MCAO rats was also significantly improved. What’s more, the OEA Liposomes could inhibit the apoptosis of neurons and the inflammation of reperfusion to a very slight level, indicating their outstanding neuroprotective effect. These results indicated that the OEA Liposomes have a great potential for clinic anti-stroke application.
Use of a body-weight support device to train gait in a neurological intensive care unit. Safety, Feasibility, Time to independent walking
Authors: Jourdan Claire , Pradalier Fanny , Chalard Kevin , Ascher Margrit , Duran Francisco Miron , Pavillard Frédérique , Greco Frédéric , Mellouk Myriam , Fournier Stéphane , Djanikian Flora , Laffont Isabelle , Gelis Anthony , Perrigault Pierre-François
Published: June 2022

Background. Early Mobilization in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) enhances patients’ evolution, but its benefits and practical implementation have rarely been studied in neurological ICUs. To report on tolerance, feasibility and benefits of walking with a specific body-weight support (BWS) device for patients admitted to a neurological intensive care unit. Methods. Observational single-center one-year study. Inclusion criteria were adults with a neurological injury requiring mechanical ventilation. Exclusion criteria were early death or ICU transfer. After weaning from ventilation, patients were screened for indications of BWS walking using predefined criteria. Results. Patients’ conditions were mostly brain injuries: 32% subarachnoid hemorrhages, 42% focal strokes, 12% traumatic brain injuries. Out of 272 admissions, 136 patients were excluded, 78 were eligible, 33 performed BWS walking. Regarding non-eligible patients, 36 walked unsuspended upon ventilation weaning, 17 presented too severe impairments. Regarding the 45 eligible patients who did not receive BWS training, main reasons were workload and week-ends (31%), medical barriers (29%), early ICU discharge (22%). For the 33-patient study sample, 78 BWS sessions were performed. Pre-session, most patients had inadequate response to pain, orders, or simple orientation questions. Sitting without support was impossible for 74%. Most pre-post changes in hemodynamic, respiratory, and pain parameters were small. Eight sessions were interrupted; reasons were pain, fatigue or major imbalance (4), syncope (1), occurrence of stool (2), battery failure (1). All adverse events ended upon session interruption. Patients walked on median 17 meters. During 51% of sessions, patients showed a spontaneous smile. First BWS session occurred on median 3 days after ventilation weaning, and 11 days before patients were able to walk unsuspended. Conclusions. Verticalization and walking using a suspension device patients in neuroICU allows early gait training, despite challenging neurological impairments. It is safe and generally well tolerated. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials database (ID: NCT04300491)
Comparative non-invasive T1w/T2w myelin mapping of the night monkey: implications for cortical adaptation to a nocturnal niche environment
Authors: Ikeda Takuro , Autio Joonas A. , Kawasaki Akihiro , Takeda Chiho , Ose Takayuki , Takada Masahiko , Essen David Van , Glasser Matthew , Hayashi Takuya
Published: June 2022

Night monkeys (Aotus) are the only genus of monkeys within the Simian lineage that successfully occupy the nocturnal niche environment. Their behavior is supported by their sensory organs’ unique morphological features; however, little is known about their evolutionary adaptations in sensory regions of the cerebral cortex. Here, we investigate this question by exploring the cortical organization of night monkeys using high-resolution in-vivo brain MRI and comparative cortical-surface T1w/T2w myeloarchitectonic mapping. Our results show that the night monkey cerebral cortex has a similar organization of cortical myelin distribution compared to the diurnal macaque and marmoset monkeys. T1w/T2w myelin and its gradient allowed us to parcellate high myelin areas, middle temporal complex (MT + MST) and auditory cortex, and low myelin area, Brodmann area 7 (BA7) in three species, despite the difference in gyrifications. Relative to the total cortical surface area, those of MT + MST and the auditory cortex are significantly larger in night monkeys than diurnal monkeys. In contrast, the relative area of BA7 is expanded in proportion to brain size across species. We propose that the selective expansion of sensory areas dedicated to visual motion and auditory processing in night monkeys may reflect cortical adaptations to the nocturnal niche environment.
Construction of Prognostic Signature of Breast Cancer Based on N7-Methylguanosine-Related LncRNAs and Prediction of Immune Response
Authors: Cao Jin , Wang Buhai , Liang Yichen , Gu J. Juan , Huang Yuxiang
Published: June 2022

Background: N7-Methylguanosine (m7G) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) is a prognostic factor for tumors. However, the predictive value of m7G-related LncRNAs in breast cancer (BC) has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to construct a predictive signature based on m7G-related long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) to predict the prognosis of patients with breast cancer.Methods: We obtained the RNA-seq data and corresponding clinical data of breast cancer patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We used co-expression network analysis, least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, univariate Cox regression analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis to screen N7-Methylguanosine-Related LncRNAs signature and construct a prognostic model. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the signature. Principal component analysis (PCA) and nomogram were used to verify the value of the prognostic signature. Subsequently, we used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for functional analysis, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to explore the relationship between predictive characteristics and tumor immune microenvironment in high-risk and low-risk groups, and compared the drug sensitivity between the two risk groups.Results: We constructed a signature consisting of nine m7G-related LncRNAs (LINC01871, AP003469.4, Z68871.1, AC245297.3, EGOT, TFAP2A-AS1, AL136531.1, SEMA3B-AS1, AL606834.2), which are independently related to the overall survival time (OS) of BC patients. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates was 0.715, 0.724, and 0.726. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that BC patients in the high-risk group had a poorer prognosis than patients in the low-risk group. Multiple regression analysis showed that risk score was a significant independent prognostic factor for BC patients, and was significantly better than clinicopathological features. SsGSEA analysis showed that the predictive characteristics were significantly correlated with the immune status of BC patients. The immune function of low-risk BC patients was more active, and low-risk patients were more sensitive to PD1/L1 immunotherapy.Conclusions: This prognostic signature based on m7G-related LncRNAs can independently predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response of patients with BC and can be used to guide the individualized treatment of breast cancer patients.
Association between Nocturnal Enuresis and Decreased Body Height in Children
Authors: Ma Jun , Mao Yi , Zhong Shaogen , Zhang Anyi , Zheng Xiangyu , Li Shenghui , Jin Xingming
Published: June 2022

Background: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) occurs in 4-18% of children aged ≥5 years, and is associated with sleep disorders, behavioral problems and impaired intellectual development. The present work aimed to assess whether NE is associated with height in children.Methods: Demographic and clinical data of 21,258 children were extracted from a large-sample sleep survey database. Multivariate linear regression analysis, after adjustment for sex, age, ethnicity, sleep time, activity level, method of delivery and maternal age, was carried out to analyze the difference in height between children with NE and healthy controls for various age groups. Factors independently predicting NE were identified by multivariable analysis.Results: The NE group had reduced height, higher proportion of males, lower activity level, lower household income and greater use of light during sleep in comparison with the control group. Height difference between NE cases and healthy controls increased with age, reaching 2-3 cm at 11-12 years of age, and was greater in girls than in boys aged up to 10 years. Conclusions: The negative effect of NE on children's height increases with age and is more pronounced in girls than in boys. Early treatment of NE might limit its detrimental effects on children's growth.
Characteristics of Pleural Effusion with a High Adenosine Deaminase Level: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Shimoda Masafumi , Hirata Aya , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Morimoto Kozo , Yoshiyama Takashi , Yoshimori Kozo , Saraya Takeshi , Ishii Haruyuki , Ohta Ken
Published: June 2022

Background: Increased pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) is useful for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy (TB), but ADA levels can also be high in other diseases. In this study, we compare various disease characteristics in patients with high-ADA pleural effusion.Methods: We retrospectively collected data for 456 patients with pleural fluid ADA levels of ≥40 U/L from January 2012 to October 2021. Cases were classified as TB (n=203), pleural infection (n=112), malignant pleural effusion (n=63), nontuberculous mycobacteria (n=22), malignant lymphoma (ML) (n=18), autoimmune diseases (n=11), and other diseases (n=27) and compared diagnostic criteria. Predictive factors were identified by comparing data for a target disease to those for all other diseases. A diagnostic flowchart for TB was developed based on those factors.Results: The most frequent disease was TB, though 60.0% of patients were diagnosed with other diseases. Median ADA levels in patients with tuberculous pleurisy were 83.1 U/L (interquartile range [IQR] 67.2-104.1), higher than those of patients with pleural infection (median 60.9 [IQR 45.3-108.0], p=0.004), malignant pleural effusion (median 54.1 [IQR 44.8-66.7], p<0.001), or autoimmune diseases (median 48.5 [IQR 45.9-58.2], p=0.008), with no significant difference from NTM (p=1.000) or ML (p=1.000). Pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels of <825 IU/L were beneficial for the diagnosis of TB. Neutrophil predominance or cell degeneration, white blood cell count of ≥9,200/µL or C-reactive protein levels of ≥12 mg/dL helped diagnose pleural infection. Pleural fluid amylase levels of ≥75 U/L and pleural fluid ADA/total protein (TP) ratio of <14 helped diagnose malignant pleural effusion. High serum LDH and high serum/pleural fluid eosinophils helped diagnose ML and autoimmune diseases, respectively. The flowchart was comprised of the following three factors: pleural fluid LDH <825 IU/L, pleural fluid ADA/TP of <14, and neutrophil predominance or cell degeneration, which were decided by a decision tree. The diagnostic accuracy rate, sensitivity, and specificity for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy were 80.9%, 78.8%, and 82.6% in the flowchart, respectively.Conclusion: Cases involving high pleural fluid ADA levels should be investigated using several factors to distinguish TB from other diseases.
Optical coherence tomography and convolutional neural networks can differentiate colorectal liver metastases from liver parenchyma ex vivo.
Authors: Amygdalos Iakovos , Hachgenei Enno , Burkl Luisa , Vargas David , Goßmann Paul , Wolff Laura I. , Druzenko Mariia , Frye Maik , Schmitt Robert H. , König Niels , Chrysos Alexandros , Jöchle Katharina , Ulmer Tom F. , Lambertz Andreas , Knüchel-Clarke Ruth , Neumann Ulf P. , Lang Sven A.
Published: June 2022

Purpose:Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technology based on low-coherence interferometry, which provides noninvasive, high-resolution cross-sectional images of biological tissues. A potential clinical application is the intraoperative examination of resection margins, as a real-time adjunct to histological examination. In this ex vivo study, we investigated the ability of OCT to differentiate colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) from healthy liver parenchyma, when combined with convolutional neural networks (CNN).Methods:Between June and August 2020, consecutive adult patients undergoing elective liver resections for CRLM were included in this study. Fresh resection specimens were scanned ex vivo, before fixation in formalin, using a table-top OCT device at 1310nm wavelength. Scanned areas were marked and histologically examined. A pre-trained CNN (Xception) was used to match OCT scans to their corresponding histological diagnoses. To validate the results, a stratified k-fold cross-validation (CV) was carried out.Results:A total of 26 scans (containing approx. 26,500 images in total) were obtained from 15 patients. Of these, 13 were of normal liver parenchyma and 13 of CRLM. The CNN distinguished CRLM from healthy liver parenchyma with an F1-score of 0.93 (0.03), and a sensitivity and specificity of 0.94 (0.04) and 0.93 (0.04), respectively.Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography combined with CNN can distinguish between healthy liver and CRLM with great accuracy ex vivo. Further studies are needed to improve upon these results and develop in vivo diagnostic technologies, such as intraoperative scanning of resection margins.
Interview survey on the role of occupational physicians in the workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan
Authors: Igarashi Yu , Tateishi Seiichiro , Sawajima Tomoko , Kikuchi Kodai , Kawasumi Mika , Matsuoka Juri , Harada Arisa , Mori Koji
Published: June 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has had various impacts on businesses and workers. Occupational physicians (OPs) are expected to actively support employers' efforts to minimize the damage of the pandemic. However, there is little research on the role of these specialists during a pandemic. Clarification of the contributions of OPs to workplace health in the COVID-19 pandemic will be of value so that they can be effectively deployed the next time a similar significant emergency affects a large population.
Methods
We employed semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis of the interview transcripts. Twenty OPs were selected as priority candidates from among 600 OPs certificated of the JSOH, and thirteen who met the eligibility criteria agreed to participate. We extracted meaning units (MUs) from interview transcripts according to the research question: "What was the role of OP in the COVID-19 pandemic?" and condensed and categorized them.
Results
A total of 503 MUs were extracted from the transcripts. These were abstracted into 10 condensed MUs and two categories. Categories 1 and 2 dealt with “Role in confronting the direct effects of the pandemic” and “Role in confronting the indirect effects of the pandemic” and accounted for 434 (86.3%) and 69 (13.7%) MUs, respectively.
Conclusion
This study identified the role of OPs in Japan in the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that they made a wide range of contributions to the direct and indirect effects of the pandemic. We hope our findings will help OPs during future pandemics or other long-term emergency situations.
Improvement of signal-to-noise ratio in the optical signal from a fluorescent voltage- sensitive dye by introducing excitation light with extremely wide bandwidth
Authors: Hama Noriyuki , Ito Shin-Ichi , Hirota Akihiko
Published: June 2022

Optical recording with a voltage-sensitive dye is a powerful tool for the functional analysis of many excitable tissues, including the central nervous system and heart, because of its ability to simultaneously monitor the membrane potential from many portions. However, the signal-to-noise ratio of optical signals is usually poor, especially in experiments using epifluorescence optical systems. To achieve a signal-to-noise ratio sufficiently high enough for analysis of subthreshold activity, the averaging method is often used. However, the necessity of data averaging restricts the adaptation of the optical recordings. Since the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical signal is correlated with fluorescence intensity, higher fluorescence intensity is desirable. In this study, we introduced an excitation light with extremely wide bandwidth produced by an extremely wide bandpass filter. Consequently, we obtained significantly increased fluorescence intensity, and thus, a higher signal-to-noise ratio, without changing the light source intensity. The signal-to-noise ratio of the optical signal achieved by the present method is sufficiently high enough for analysis in a single-sweep recording.
Radiomics for predicting MGMT status in cerebral glioblastoma: comparison of different MRI sequences
Authors: Zheng Fei , Zhang Lingling , Chen Hongyan , Zang Yuying , Chen Xuzhu , Li Yiming
Published: June 2022

Purpose Using radiomics to predict O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma and compare the performance of different MRI sequences.Methods Preoperative MRI scans from 215 patients were included in this retrospective study. After image preprocessing and feature extraction, two kinds of machine-learning (ML) models were established and compared for their performances. One kind was established using all MRI sequences (T1WI, T2WI, contrast enhancement (CE), FLAIR, DWI_b_high, DWI_b_low, and ADC), and the other kind was based on single MRI sequences as listed above.Results For the ML model based on all sequences, a total of 7 radiomic features were selected with the Maximum Relevance and Minimum Redundancy algorithm. The predictive accuracy was 0.993 and 0.750 in the training and validation sets, respectively, and the area under curves (AUCs) were 1.000 and 0.754 in the two sets respectively. For the ML model based on single sequences, the numbers of selected features were 8, 10, 10, 13,9, 7, and 6 for T1WI, T2WI, CE, FLAIR, DWI_b_high, DWI_b_low, and ADC, respectively, with predictive accuracies of 0.797~1.000 and 0.583~0.694 in the training and validation sets respectively, and the AUCs of 0.874~1.000 and 0.538~0.697 in the two sets, respectively. Specifically, T1WI-based model performed best while CE-based model performed worst in the independent validation set.Conclusion The ML models based on different single MRI sequences performed differently in predicting MGMT status in glioblastoma, while the ML model based on the combination of all sequences performed best.
An Intelligent Convolution based Graph Cut Segmentation for Potato Leaf Disease Severity Prediction
Authors: Rapaka Anuj , A Clara Kanmani
Published: June 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data reveals an immunostimulatory microenvironment in tumor thrombus of osteosarcoma
Authors: Ji Tao , Shi Qianyu , Mei Song , Liang Haijie , Xie Lu , Ren Tingting , Sun Kunkun , Li Dasen , Tang Xiaodong , Zhang Peng , Guo Wei
Published: June 2022

Background
Tumor thrombus is a devastating complication of cancer. It has long been known that the tumor thrombus of bone sarcomas represents a unique reservoir for various types of cancer and immune cells, however, the systematic investigation of tumor thrombus at a single-cell level is very limited. And it is still an open question to identify the thrombus-specific tumor microenvironment (TME) that is associated with the tumor-adaptive immune response, which may directly contribute to tumor progression, metastases, and drug response.
Methods
We seek to define distinct features of the thrombus microenvironment by analyzing bulk tissue and single-cell level transcriptome from the paired thrombus and primary tumor samples of osteosarcoma (OS) patients. Additional osteosarcoma tissue specimens were analyzed by Multiplexed immunofluorescence staining (mIF) and immune markers were digitally quantified.
Results
OS tumor thrombus was found to have upregulated IFN-γ and TGF-β signalings that were related to immune surveillance of circulating tumor cells in blood circulation. The elevated IFN-γ signaling suggested that circulating OS cells could be recognized and activate the immune system since IFN-γ is vital for cellular immunity and initiation of the anti-tumor immune response. The single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed that tumor thrombus had a higher proportion of tumor-associated macrophages with M1-like states (TAM-M1) and TAM-M1 with high expression of CCL4, indicating an immunostimulatory TME in OS tumor thrombus. Further mIF staining of the CD3/CD4/CD8A/CD68/CCL4 markers validated the immunostimulatory state in the tumor thrombus samples.
Conclusions
The current study first reported the transcriptome differences at a single-cell level between tumor thrombus and primary tumor in sarcoma. We observed an immunostimulatory microenvironment in OS tumor thrombus with upregulated IFN-γ and TGF-β signalings. This study depicted the immune microenvironment in the early stages of OS metastasis and provided deeper insights into the TME alterations during metastasis.