bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic Analysis of Snake Using Cytochrome b Gene Sequence
Authors: S Jadhav Anita
Published: September 2021

Phylogenetic analysis of two species of snake Eryx colubrinus loveridgei and Ptyas mucosus was
investigated using the gene encoding cytochrome b. The nucleotide sequences of complete and partial mtDNA
cytochrome b were determined in numerous specimens. Sequence divergence between species and genera was
evenly distributed in the cytochrome b gene but rather high compared to reports for other fish species. Phylogenetic
analyses on complete cytochrome b were used to study the relationships among the considered species. The
molecular phylogeny of sample was determined by analyzing cytochrome b gene sequences. On the basis of position
of sequence of the given python sample in the phylogenetic tree, the sample showed closest similarity with Eryx
colubrinus loveridgei and Ptyas mucosus.
Assessment of Morphometric Indices Related to Vernal Flight in Migratory Buntings
Authors: Preeti Gupta , Asma Naseem , Shalie Malik , Sangeeta Rani
Published: September 2021

Migratory songbirds fly over long distances to avoid adverse conditions at their breeding and wintering
grounds, and this phenomenon is known as ‘migration’. This migratory phenomenon is highly energy demanding.
The present study was aimed to analyze the morphometric analysis of body mass, beak, wings, tail, and tarsus
length of two migratory finches i.e., red-headed (RHB) and black-headed buntings (BHB) to investigate whether
they showed differences in their morphological attributes. This observational study shows an understanding of the
characterization of wing patterns and differences in the length of tarsus, tail, beak, and wings of both species. The
size of the beak, tail, and wings of BHB is significantly different when compared to RHB. In addition, body mass was
significantly high in BHB than that of RHB during their spring migration (preparatory phase). T
The Opsins: Lies Between Image Forming and Non-image Forming Process
Authors: Asma Naseem , Shalie Malik
Published: September 2021

Light, the most abundant and important stimuli, can be sensed by a single photon by the photoreceptors.
These photoreceptors are usually a group of protein of GPCR (G protein-coupled receptor) family. Opsins, a group of
this family absorb these photons and processes both image forming and non-image forming phototransduction.
Initially, their role was only limited to image formation, but recent studies reveal their importance in non -image
forming functions also. In this review, we discussed various roles of opsins other than image formation, such as in
photorelaxation of blood vessels, mechanoreception of skin, temperature regulation, hearing, immune system,
thermotaxis of sperms, photosensation as well as in reproduction. These various functions of opsins show their
immense importance in non-image forming functions as well as their evolutionary importance.
Linfoma T intestinal epiteliotrópico monomórfico
Authors: Vintimilla Cazorla María Paz , Yoncón Romero Ricardo , Benites Ordinola Carlos , Nieto Orellana Jorge , Ochoa Bastidas Anthony , Huamán Garaicoa Fuad
Published: September 2021

Introducción: El linfoma de células T intestinal epiteliotrópico monomórfico es una neoplasia derivada de linfocitos intraepiteliales. La etiología es desconocida, pero se ha asociado a enfermedad celíaca o a síndrome de malabsorción, aunque en la actualidad se considera un linfoma esporádico. La histopatología se caracteriza por linfocitos de tamaño intermedio a pequeño, con mínimo pleomorfismo, que generalmente expresan CD8 y CD56.

Reporte de caso: Mujer de 60 años con un cuadro de dispepsia de larga evolución, ingresada por dolor abdominal agudo, diarrea, nausea, vómito bilioso y pérdida de peso. En los estudios  se determinó anemia microcítica hipocrómica y desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico. Se evidenció por tomografía de abdomen una lesión nodular esplénica y engrosamiento concéntrico segmentario de yeyuno e íleon distal asociado a la presencia de líquido libre en cavidad abdominal.

Evolución: Se realizó una laparotomía exploratoria con resección de yeyuno-transverso anastomosis latero-lateral, en patología se deteminó la presencia de 3 tumores: a nivel de yeyuno de 16x8.5x6 cm, en el íleon distal de 13x6.5x3 cm y en el ciego de 5x4x2cm con histología de linfoma no Hodgkin T de alto grado, intestinal primario, de tipo monomórfico epiteliotrópico (MEITL). Fue dada de alta en mejores condiciones diez días después. Dos semanas luego del alta desarrollo sepsis de foco urinario, deshidratación por síndrome de intestino corto, hiperamonemia y neumonía de focos múltiples con derrame pleural bilateral. Falleció al sexto día de hospitalización.

Conclusiones: En conclusión, el MEITL es una neoplasia agresiva primaria intestinal de reciente identificación y pobre pronóstico. No se conocen en su totalidad los mecanismos moleculares y genéticos asociados a esta entidad. El caso presentado demostró un curso clínico similar al reportado en la literatura.
Incidencia de trombosis venosa profunda en pacientes diagnosticados con neoplasias útero- ováricas
Authors: Arguello Santacruz Mario Andres , Loor Holguín Jonathan Lenin , Venegas Arteaga Carlos Alfredo
Published: September 2021

Introducción: El trombo embolismo venoso (TEV), una complicación frecuente en pacientes con cáncer ginecológico. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la incidencia de TEV profunda en pacientes diagnosticados con neoplasias útero ováricas en un centro de referencia oncológica en Guayaquil-Ecuador en el año 2019 (enero-diciembre).

Metodología: El presente estudio observacional, de fuente retrospectiva se realizó en el servicio de estadística del Instituto Oncológico Nacional “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo” de la Sociedad de Lucha contra el Cáncer-SOLCA, Guayaquil Ecuador. El cálculo del tamaño muestral fue probabilístico de 237 pacientes. Se incluyeron casos de pacientes con neoplasias útero ováricas y endometriales. Las variables fueron edad, localización de la neoplasia, incidencia de TEV en base a evidencia Ultrasonográfica de TEV, criterios Wels, dímero D. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Los porcentajes se presentan con intervalo de confianza.

Resultados: Se incluyeron 237 pacientes, el grupo etario más frecuente de 40 a 59 años con el 46.4%, seguido de 60 y más años con el 34.6%; el 88.6% de los casos tuvieron cáncer de útero (cérvix – endometrio) y el 11.4% con cáncer de ovario. Por la clasificación de Wells, el 92% presentó riesgo moderado de TVP y 8% riesgo alto. La incidencia de trombosis venosa profunda en pacientes con cáncer útero – ovario fue del 6.75% (IC 6.54-6.96%). La incidencia fue estadísticamente más prevalente (P=0.01) en el grupo de mujeres con Ca de Útero que en el grupo de Ca de ovario.

Conclusión: Las neoplasias útero ováricas tienen alta incidencia de trombosis venosa profunda.
Soteriological Studies About The Concept Of Choice God According To Romans 9:6-16
Authors: Prasetyo Widi s , Nababan Fernando , Purwanto Ani Teguh , Wibowo Daniel Ari
Published: August 2021

God acts to choose a person or group and within a larger community, for a purpose or future of His own choosing. The main OT word for this word is bak-har (bak-har), which means to choose someone or something carefully, after carefully considering other possibilities. This word includes the mind, is very fond of the chosen thing, and sometimes receives pleasure from it. In the LXX and the NT the verb which corresponds to ba-khar is eklegomai. In ancient Greek this language was usually used in an active sense, and the biblical writers used it in a form meaning to choose for himself. (Hareomai) Haireomai, used of God's election in 2 Thess 2:13, and in Deut. 26:18 LXX, with the same meaning.

       The Hebrew verb (yada) (yada), meaning to know which is used for various ways of knowing, at least in the mind, containing and expressing love such as sexual relations, or confession on the part of one who believes in God is used in Gen. 18:19; Hos 13:5 concerning the election of God means knowing God in love. Likewise, the Greek word proginosko meaning “to know beforehand” is translated “He chose” in Romans 8:29.Election is a fully sovereign act of God; Allah is in no way obligated to choose anyone because everyone has lost his position before Allah. Even after Christ's death, God was still under no obligation to carry out salvation. Except that He had to keep the agreement He had made with Christ regarding the salvation of mankind. So, God's election is a fully sovereign act because there is no coercion from anyone.
Pengaruh Terapi Akupresur terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III
Authors: Novianti Ita , Safitri Muchtar Asrianti
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The prevalence of pregnancy anxiety is around 14-54%, highest in the first and third trimesters. Acupressure attracts attention as a non-pharmacological therapy for natural relaxation. The research aims to determine the effect of acupressure therapy on anxiety levels. Method: This study was conducted at the Health Centers of Tamalanrea Jaya and Antang, the study used a quasi-experimental design with the pre and post test approach in the intervention group and the control group. The total of research subjects 40 trimester III pregnant mothers who had experience anxiety. The intervention group (21 samples) with acupressure therapy and the control group (19 samples) with placebo therapy. Measuring anxiety using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Result: in the intervention group, the mean of anxiety before the intervention was 26.6 and after the intervention was 22.3 (p value <0.001), while in the control group it was 26.1 before and 25.1 after the intervention (p value = 0.072). The mean reduction in pregnancy anxiety level in the intervention group was more significant than the control group. Conclusion: Acupressure therapy has a significant effect on decreasing anxiety levels in pregnant mothers in the intervention group (p<0.001) and acupressure therapy can be used as one of the effective non-pharmacological methods to reduce symptoms of anxiety in pregnancy.
Analisis Kadar Interleukin-18 (Il-18) Serum dan Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus (GFR) Pada Obesitas Sentral dan Non Obesitas Sentral
Authors: Pratiwi Chika , Widaningsih Yuyun , Kurniawan Liong Boy
Published: September 2021

Interleukin-18 adalah proinflmasi dihasilkan di glomerulus, meningkat pada keadaan sindrom metabolik diawali dengan obesitas, diekskresikan setelah cedera iskemik ginjal. IL-18 merupakan biomarker untuk mendiagnosis kerusakan ginjal akut. Laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG) adalah salah satu biomarker untuk menilai fungsi ginjal. Tujuan menganalisis kadar IL-18 dan LFG pada obesitas dan non obesitas sentral. Penelitian cross sectional, Sampel terdiri atas 40 subjek obesitas sentral dan 33 subjek non obesitas sentral. Kadar IL-18 serum diperiksa dengan kit human IL-18 dengan metode ELISA dan kreatinin serum menggunakan alat Clinical Chemistry Analyzer ABX Pentra. Hasil penelitian tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna terhadap kadar Interleukin-18 antara kelompok obesitas sentral dan non obesitas sentral (p=0,576) sedangkan nilai LFG pada subjek obesitas sentral memiliki nilai rerata yang lebih tinggi yaitu 103,17 ml/min/1,73m2 dibandingkan dengan subjek non obesitas sentral yaitu 96,47 ml/min/1,73m2 dan secara statistik tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna pada nilai LFG subyek laki-laki dengan obesitas sentral dan non obesitas sentral (p=0,207). Pada analisis ini tidak ditemukan korelasi antara kadar IL-18 dan GFR pada kelompok obesitas dan non obesitas sentral (r=-0.047 p=0,695).
Modal Sosial Balita Dalam Komitmen Kesehatan Program Keluarga Harapan Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Widuri Tunjung Senja , Megatsari Hario
Published: September 2021

Adanya pandemi Covid 19 berdampak terhadap keberhasilan komitmen kesehatan balita PKH di Kabupaten Nganjuk. Keberhasilan komitmen kesehatan balita PKH pada masa pandemi tidak akan terlepas dari modal sosial. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis modal sosial balita dalam komitmen kesehatan PKH di Kecamatan Ngronggot Kabupaten Nganjuk pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian sebesar 93 balita diwakili oleh ibu balita menggunakan purposive sampling. Variabel bebas adalah modal sosial yang terdiri dari elemen kepercayaan, norma, dan jaringan, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah komitmen kesehatan balita PKH. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara modal sosial dengan komitmen kesehatan balita PKH pergi ke fasilitas kesehatan pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebesar 66 responden (71%) memiliki tingkat modal sosial tinggi, 70 responden (75,3%) memiliki tingkat kepercayaan tinggi, 67 responden (72%) memiliki tingkat norma tinggi, dan 48 responden (51,6%) memiliki tingkat jaringan rendah. Dan terdapat hubungan antara modal sosial beserta elemen kepercayaan, norma, jaringan terhadap komitmen kesehatan balita PKH
Perilaku Pencegahan Stunting pada Ibu Hamil
Authors: Nurfatimah Nurfatimah , Anakoda Priska , Ramadhan Kadar , Entoh Christina , Sitorus Sony Bernike Magdalena , Longgupa Lisda Widianti
Published: September 2021

Pencegahan stunting mulai dari awal kehamilan harus dilakukan agar dapat menurunkan kejadian stunting pada anak. Kejadian stunting dapat terjadi pada masa kehamilan dikarenakan asupan gizi yang kurang saat hamil, pola makan yang tidak sesuai, serta kualitas makanan yang rendah sehingga mengakibatkan terhambatnya pertumbuhan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku ibu hamil dalam mencegah stunting pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mapane. Desain Penelitian ini cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah ibu hamil trimester II yang ada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mapane, berjumlah 49 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah total sampling.  Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa 53.1% responden yang memiliki perilaku yang baik dalam pencegahan stunting. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukan umur >35 tahun (p=0,026), pendidikan perguruan tinggi (p<0,001), ibu bekerja (p<0,001), dan Multigravida (p=0,036) berhubungan dengan perilaku baik dalam pencegahan . Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah perilaku ibu hamil yang baik dalam pencegahan stunting berada pada usia >35 tahun, pada tingkat pendidikan perguruan tinggi, pada ibu yang bekerja dan multigravida.
Keseimbangan Cairan Dan Status Hidrasi Remaja Di Kawasan Garis Lintang Ekuator 0°, Kota Pontianak, Pada Masa Ekuinoks Vernal, Tahun 2021
Authors: Masriani Masriani , Muttalib Yuges Saputri , Yunianto Andi Eka
Published: September 2021

Fenomena ekuinoks akan menyebabkan perubahan cuaca di daerah ekuator, seperti terjadinya peningkatan suhu walau tidak selalu signifikan. Hal ini mungkin saja mempengaruhi tingkat keseimbangan dan hidrasi tubuh akibat adanya peningkatan pengeluaran cairan yang dipicu oleh suhu lingkungan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengukur status hidrasi pada remaja di daerah ekuatorial lintang 0°, selama ekuinoks vernal, tahun 2021. Observasi ini menggunakan metode Simple Random Sampling, dengan melibatkan 51 remaja berusia 19 – 21 tahun di Kota Pontianak. Pengukuran keseimbangan cairan dan status hidrasi dilakukan pada bulan Maret, bertepatan dengan periode ekuinoks vernal, tahun 2021. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa kebutuhan cairan rata-rata individu berdasarkan luas permukaan tubuh (Body Surface Area) adalah 2289±227.3 mL dan asupan cairan rata-rata individu adalah 2210±462.6 mL. Kemudian, sebanyak 54,90% responden memiliki keseimbangan cairan berada pada 80% – 120%, berdasarkan asupan terhadap kebutuhan cairan. Demikian juga pada status hidrasi berdasarkan indikator warna urin, yang didominasi oleh status hidrasi baik (72,55%). Kesimpulan yaitu remaja yang berada di daerah ekuatorial lintang lintang 0°, Kota Pontianak, pada periode ekuinoks vernal, tahun 2021, secara umum berada pada tingkat keseimbangan cairan dan status hidrasi tubuh dalam kategori baik.
Conocimiento Y Adaptación De Válvulas De Habla A Traqueostomía Por Parte De Fonoaudiólogos Colombianos
Authors: Aguirre Fernando Delprado , Correa Agudelo Jenifer , Nieto Correa Catalina , Soto Ruiz María Paulina
Published: September 2021

El propósito de este estudio fue describir el uso que los fonoaudiólogos colombianos le dan a las válvulas de habla como parte del manejo de usuarios con traqueostomía. Para ello, se distribuyó un formulario digital a los fonoaudiólogos egresados en Colombia. Las preguntas se agruparon en cinco categorías y se analizaron de forma descriptiva para observar patrones de respuesta. Se ajustaron varios modelos lineales generalizados para determinar la influencia de variables como la ciudad, la experiencia profesional, los posgrados, la población, el escenario de atención y la presencia de equipos de traqueostomía en la adaptación de las válvulas. Las preguntas abiertas se analizaron a partir de categorías de análisis identificadas en las respuestas de los participantes. El cuestionario fue respondido por 27 fonoaudiólogos de distintas latitudes con variedad en el nivel posgradual. Los usuarios más atendidos con traqueostomía fueron los adultos en unidades de cuidado intensivo. 66.66% de los profesionales manifestó haber adaptado válvulas y, de estos, solo un 33.33% indica que el proceso administrativo para ordenar el insumo fue sencillo. Ninguna de las variables predictoras fue significativa para explicar la adaptación de válvulas de habla (p>0.05). Este estudio plantea que los fonoaudiólogos conocen las válvulas de habla y sus beneficios. Adicionalmente, advierte que las variables estudiadas no tienen efecto significativo en la adaptación del dispositivo. Por último, ratifica que los procesos administrativos relacionados con órdenes médicas y autorizaciones pueden tener un rol desfavorable para lograr acceder a estos insumos.
Relationship between root traits and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in three species of weeds with different synanthropy index
Authors: Vega-Frutis Rocío , Hanan-Alipi Ana M.
Published: August 2021

Background: Nutrient foraging strategies between thin and thick roots, including mycorrhizal symbionts are resource-costly, and therefore a trade-off could exist. These strategies can vary with the synanthropy index (degree to which a species associates with anthropogenic habitats), thus maximizing the benefits for the acquisition of soil resources.
Objectives: To quantify the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Melampodium species with different synanthropy index, and to determine the correlations between arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and the architectural and morphological root traits.
Methods: Roots of Melampodium divaricatum, M. perfoliatum and M. tepicense, with highest to lowest synanthropy index, respectively were collected. The root branching rate (RBR), total root length (TRL), diameter of first-order root, (FOR), root tissue density (RTD), specific root length (SRL), and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization were quantified. Additionally, soil chemistry analyses were done.
Results and conclusion: Melampodium tepicense had lowest FOR, highest SRL and lowest arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, whereas M. divaricatum and M. perfoliatum had the opposite values. Additionally, M. divaricatum and M. perfoliatum had higher TRL, RTD, and RBR, suggesting that both strategies, arbuscular mycorrhiza and fine roots, are used for acquisition of nutrients, independently of their phylogenetic relationship and soil nutrients.
Novel Molecule Nell-1 Promotes the Angiogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: Li Mengyue , Wang Qiang , Han Qi , Wu Jiameng , Zhu Hongfan , Fang Yixuan , Bi Xiuting , Chen Yue , Yao Chao , Wang Xiaoying
Published: August 2021

Introduction

This work aimed to reveal the crucial role of Nell-1 in the angiogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) alone or co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) in vitro and whether this molecule is involved in the pulp exposure model in vivo.

Methods

Immunofluorescence was conducted to ascertain the location of Nell-1 on DPSCs, HUVECs, and normal rat dental tissues. RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA were performed to observe the expression levels of angiogenic markers and determine the angiogenic differentiation of Nell-1 on DPSCs alone or co-cultured with HUVECs, as well as in vitro tube formation assay. Blood vessel number for all groups was observed and compared using immunohistochemistry by establishing a rat pulp exposure model.

Results

Nell-1 is highly expressed in the nucleus of DPSCs and HUVECs and is co-expressed with angiogenic markers in normal rat pulp tissues. Hence, Nell-1 can promote the angiogenic marker expression in DPSCs alone and co-cultured with other cells and can enhance angiogenesis in vitro as well as in the pulp exposure model.

Conclusion

Nell-1 may play a positive role in the angiogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
Exotic and Emergent Citrus Viruses Relevant to the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Catara Antonino F. , Bar-Joseph Moshe , Licciardello Grazia
Published: September 2021

Citrus production in the Mediterranean area is of considerable importance, in both cultural and economic terms, and the viability of the industry greatly depends on proper phytosanitary management. In this review, we focus on exotic and emerging dangerous citrus viruses that have still not been reported in the countries of the Mediterranean area, that are not yet regulated or that are restricted to certain small areas. We also discuss the contribution that old and new technologies may offer for valuable surveys aimed at promoting the adoption and sharing of better control measures and the production of pathogen-tested citrus trees and rootstocks.
Comparison of Quality and Sensory Characteristics of Spent Hen and Broiler in South Korea
Authors: Lee Sol-Hee , Kim Hack-Youn
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted to compare the quality and sensory characteristics of spent hen and broiler in South Korea. The carcasses of spent hens and broilers that had been slaughtered 24 h before were used. The cooking yield and water holding capacity of broiler was significantly higher than that of spent hen (p < 0.05). The pH of broiler thigh was significantly higher than that of the other treatments (p < 0.05), while on the other hand spent hen breast had a lower value than other treatments (p < 0.05). The redness of the thigh of both types was more than that of the breast (p < 0.05). In contrast, the yellowness of the breast of the two types was more than that of the thigh of both types. The changes in organoleptic characteristics of broiler was higher than that of spent hen, and the aroma patterns detected using the electronic nose were markedly different in terms of the type of meat. Spent hens are generally considered to have lower consumption rates than broilers because they have a lower taste and aroma. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that processing or additives are required in the distribution method of spent hens.
Class Year Differences in Anthropometric and Fitness Measures in Division I Field Hockey Athletes Pre and Post Season
Authors: Bieryla Kathleen A. , Cook Jeremy A. , Snyder Ryan C.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the way in which anthropometric and fitness measures vary by class year before and after a Division I female field hockey competitive season. Anthropometric (mass and percent body fat) and fitness measures (vertical jump and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) distance) were collected on 16 athletes (mean ± SD: age = 19.5 ± 0.9 years) before and after a competitive season. Class year, based on the athlete’s year in college, was used to group athletes in the study. Body mass, vertical jump height, and Yo-Yo IR1 distance all increased pre to post season (p < 0.05). First-year athletes had a significantly lower body mass, vertical jump height and Yo-Yo IR1 distance compared to other class years across the testing period (p < 0.05). Post season levels for first-years were lower than both pre and post season levels for sophomore or junior athletes. Team mean vertical jump increased 8.9%, with all but two athletes improving. Team mean Yo-Yo IR1 distance increased 16.4%. Athlete training over the course of the study was designed to improve on field playing performance and training was not directly select to improve measures in the study; therefore, the potential success of integrating fitness, speed, and strength development into technical training sessions is indicated. Coaches should be aware that first-year athletes may not be at the same level of conditioning as sophomores and juniors. Coaches should work specifically with the first-year athletes during the season to monitor their fitness levels.
Progressive Poling of Large Area, High r33 Electro-Optic Polymer SEO100c
Authors: Maurer Michael , Gawron Evan , Middlebrook Christopher
Published: September 2021

SEO100c, an EO-polymer, has been reported of having an r33 in excess of 100 pm/V. Experimental poling research was performed on rib waveguide modulator for device design and development. Reported is the determination of the impact that temperature and voltage have on the poling of a SEO100c waveguide device in order to maximize the r33 while avoiding damage to the device structure ensuring high yield in manufacture. The poling process is shown to have a nonlinear relationship between r33 and poling field aiding in the selection of achievable poling voltages for required r33 values. Device thermal stability is quantified and reported for the complete poling process and the impacts upon r33. Investigation into the possible relaxation of device r33 is measured over an extended period demonstrating desirable use within deployable devices.
Numerical Investigation of Erosion Wear Characteristics of Hydraulic Spillway
Authors: Zhang Cong , Zhang Yuqi , Zhao Huadong , Wang Mao , Wang Tongtong
Published: September 2021

There are many sand-laden waters in China, and the wear of hydraulic structures caused by sand-laden water diversion has been paid more and more attention. Taking the spillway of a reservoir as the research object, the numerical model of erosion wear caused by sediment-laden particle flows on the spillway was established by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, VOF (Volume of Fluid) multiphase flow model and DPM (Discrete Phase Model). Through the simulation analysis of the spillway’s overall erosion, the distribution of the spillway erosion wear was obtained. Then, according to the main wear parts, the single variable, such as sediment diameter, sediment concentration, flow velocity and gate opening degree, was changed to study the erosion amount of the spillway and the distribution law of the spillway erosion parts. The results show that the main erosion sites of the spillway are at the bottom of the gate chamber and the middle section of the spillway. The maximum erosion increases linearly with the increase in sediment concentration. With the increase in sediment concentration, the sediment concentration changed from 1 kg/m3 to 6 kg/m3, and the maximum erosion of the spillway increased from 2.58 × 10−7 kg/m2 to 1.53 × 10−6 kg/m2. The erosion at the bottom of the spillway and gate leaf increases first and then decreases with the increase in sediment diameter and reaches the maximum value when the particle size is 0.002 mm. The erosion at the bottom of the spillway and the gate leaf increases with different growth trends as the flow velocity increases, when the flow velocity increases from 2 m/s to 9 m/s and the maximum erosion amount at the bottom of the spillway increases from 3.66 × 10−7 kg/m2 to 1.14 × 10−6 kg/m2, and the maximum erosion of the gate leaf increased from 1.66 × 10−8 kg/m2 to 8.98 × 10−6 kg/m2. The erosion amount at the bottom of the spillway increases with the increase in the gate opening between 0 and 3 m and tends to be stable when the gate opening is greater than 3 m. The maximum erosion position moves to the rear part of the spillway with the change in the gate opening. The change in the gate opening has no obvious effect on the erosion amount of the gate leaf but only changes the area of the gate erosion part. Thus, the erosion wear distribution of spillway under different work conditions is summarized, and the qualitative study between the erosion wear and the distribution of sediment diameter, sediment concentration, flow velocity and gate opening degree is made.
Challenges and Opportunities of Contemporary Architecture
Authors: Friedman Avi
Published: September 2021

The outset of the 21st century launched a “perfect storm” of societal and technological challenges and opportunities that stand to affect the way architects will design and builders construct in the next decades [...]
Transthyretin as a Biomarker to Predict and Monitor Major Depressive Disorder Identified by Whole-Genome Transcriptomic Analysis in Mouse Models
Authors: Yu Sung-Liang , Chu Selina Shih-Ting , Chien Min-Hui , Kuo Po-Hsiu , Yang Pan-Chyr , Su Kang-Yi
Published: September 2021

Background: Accumulations of stressful life events result in the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD). Comprehensive genomic analysis is required to elucidate pathophysiological changes and identify applicable biomarkers. Methods: Transcriptomic analysis was performed on different brain parts of a chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced MDD mouse model followed by systemic analysis. QPCR and ELISA were utilized for validation in mice and patients. Results: The highest numbers of genes with significant changes induced by CMS were 505 in the amygdala followed by 272 in the hippocampus (twofold changes; FDR, p < 0.05). Enrichment analysis indicated that the core-enriched genes in CMS-treated mice were positively enriched for IFN-γ response genes in the amygdala, and hedgehog signaling in the hippocampus. Transthyretin (TTR) was severely reduced in CMS-treated mice. In patients with diagnosed MDD, serum concentrations of TTR were reduced by 48.7% compared to controls (p = 0.0102). Paired samples from patients with MDD demonstrated a further 66.3% increase in TTR at remission compared to the acute phase (p = 0.0339). Conclusions: This study provides comprehensive information on molecular networks related to MDD as a basis for further investigation and identifies TTR for MDD monitoring and management. A clinical trial with bigger patient cohort should be conducted to validate this translational study.
MARCO+ Macrophage Dynamics in Regenerating Liver after 70% Liver Resection in Mice
Authors: Elchaninov Andrey , Lokhonina Anastasia , Vishnyakova Polina , Soboleva Anna , Poltavets Anastasiya , Artemova Daria , Makarov Andrey , Glinkina Valeria , Goldshtein Dmitry , Bolshakova Galina , Sukhikh Gennady , Fatkhudinov Timur
Published: September 2021

Background: Macrophages play a key role in liver regeneration. The fates of resident macrophages after 70% resection are poorly investigated. In this work, using the MARCO macrophage marker (abbreviated from macrophage receptor with collagenous structure), we studied the dynamics of mouse liver resident macrophages after 70% resection. Methods: In BALB/c male mice, a model of liver regeneration after 70% resection was reproduced. The dynamics of markers CD68, TIM4, and MARCO were studied immunohistochemically and by using a Western blot. Results: The number of MARCO- and CD68-positive macrophages in the regenerating liver increased 1 day and 3 days after resection, respectively. At the same time, the content of the MARCO protein increased in the sorted macrophages of the regenerating liver on the third day. Conclusions: The data indicate that the number of MARCO-positive macrophages in the regenerating liver increases due to the activation of MARCO synthesis in the liver macrophages. The increased expression of MARCO by macrophages can be regarded as a sign of their activation. In the present study, stimulation with LPS led to an increase in the expression of the Marco gene in both Kupffer cells and macrophages of bone marrow origin.
High PD-L1 Expression on Tumor Cells Indicates Worse Overall Survival in Advanced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Tongue and the Floor of the Mouth but Not in Other Oral Compartments
Authors: Adamski Łukasz Jan , Starzyńska Anna , Adamska Paulina , Kunc Michał , Sakowicz-Burkiewicz Monika , Marvaso Giulia , Alterio Daniela , Korwat Aleksandra , Jereczek-Fossa Barbara Alicja , Pęksa Rafał
Published: September 2021

The markers of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are promising prognostic and predictive factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The current study aims to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and interleukin-33 (IL-33) in a cohort of 95 chemonaïve OSCCs. PD-L1 and IL-33 were assessed separately in tumor cells (TCs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). High PD-L1 expression in TILs was associated with better overall survival (OS) in univariate analysis. Tumors localized in the floor of the oral cavity and tongue tended to have a lower percentage of PD-L1-positive TCs when compared to other locations. PD-L1 expression on TCs had no prognostic significance when the whole cohort was analyzed. However, along with the T descriptor (TNM 8th), it was included in the multivariable model predicting death in carcinomas of the floor of the oral cavity and tongue (HR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.97–5.28). In other locations, only nodal status was identified as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (HR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.08–0.70). Expression of IL-33 had no impact on survival, but it was differently expressed in various locations. In conclusion, the prognostic significance of PD-L1 in oral cancer depends on the tumor site and type of cell expressing immune checkpoint receptor (TCs vs. TILs).
Neuroanatomical Correlates of Binge-Eating Behavior: At the Roots of Unstoppable Eating
Authors: Oliva Rossella , Budisavljević Sanja , Castiello Umberto , Begliomini Chiara
Published: September 2021

Binge-eating refers to episodes of uncontrolled eating accompanied by a perceived loss of control, which can be common in the general population. Given the profound negative consequences of persistent binge-eating such as weight and eating disorders, it is vital to determine what makes someone more vulnerable than others to engage in such a conduct. A total of 42 normal-weight individuals (21 with binge-eating episodes and 21 without binge-eating episodes) underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging measurement and Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to assess between-group differences in terms of gray matter volume (GMV), together with self-report impulsivity and binge-eating measures. The results showed binge-eating individuals as characterized by higher trait impulsivity and greater regional GMV in the left middle frontal gyrus: however, the GMV in this region appeared to be positively correlated only with measures of binge-eating but not with trait impulsivity measures. These findings provide novel insights on the neurobiological roots of BE in normal-weight individuals and highlight how this behavior can be associated with brain morphometric changes within prefrontal regions also in a non-clinical population. Overall, this study provides a further characterization of the neural correlates of binge-eating and novel insights into the treatment of its more severe pathological forms.
DHX30 Coordinates Cytoplasmic Translation and Mitochondrial Function Contributing to Cancer Cell Survival
Authors: Bosco Bartolomeo , Rossi Annalisa , Rizzotto Dario , Hamadou Meriem Hadjer , Bisio Alessandra , Giorgetta Sebastiano , Perzolli Alicia , Bonollo Francesco , Gaucherot Angeline , Catez Frédéric , Diaz Jean-Jacques , Dassi Erik , Inga Alberto
Published: September 2021

DHX30 was recently implicated in the translation control of mRNAs involved in p53-dependent apoptosis. Here, we show that DHX30 exhibits a more general function by integrating the activities of its cytoplasmic isoform and of the more abundant mitochondrial one. The depletion of both DHX30 isoforms in HCT116 cells leads to constitutive changes in polysome-associated mRNAs, enhancing the translation of mRNAs coding for cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins while reducing the translational efficiency of the nuclear-encoded mitoribosome mRNAs. Furthermore, the depletion of both DHX30 isoforms leads to higher global translation but slower proliferation and lower mitochondrial energy metabolism. Isoform-specific silencing supports a role for cytoplasmic DHX30 in modulating global translation. The impact on translation and proliferation was confirmed in U2OS and MCF7 cells. Exploiting RIP, eCLIP, and gene expression data, we identified fourteen mitoribosome transcripts we propose as direct DHX30 targets that can be used to explore the prognostic value of this mechanism in cancer. We propose that DHX30 contributes to cell homeostasis by coordinating ribosome biogenesis, global translation, and mitochondrial metabolism. Targeting DHX30 could, thus, expose a vulnerability in cancer cells.
Biology before the SOS Response—DNA Damage Mechanisms at Chromosome Fragile Sites
Authors: Fitzgerald Devon M. , Rosenberg Susan M.
Published: September 2021

The Escherichia coli SOS response to DNA damage, discovered and conceptualized by Evelyn Witkin and Miroslav Radman, is the prototypic DNA-damage stress response that upregulates proteins of DNA protection and repair, a radical idea when formulated in the late 1960s and early 1970s. SOS-like responses are now described across the tree of life, and similar mechanisms of DNA-damage tolerance and repair underlie the genome instability that drives human cancer and aging. The DNA damage that precedes damage responses constitutes upstream threats to genome integrity and arises mostly from endogenous biology. Radman’s vision and work on SOS, mismatch repair, and their regulation of genome and species evolution, were extrapolated directly from bacteria to humans, at a conceptual level, by Radman, then many others. We follow his lead in exploring bacterial molecular genomic mechanisms to illuminate universal biology, including in human disease, and focus here on some events upstream of SOS: the origins of DNA damage, specifically at chromosome fragile sites, and the engineered proteins that allow us to identify mechanisms. Two fragility mechanisms dominate: one at replication barriers and another associated with the decatenation of sister chromosomes following replication. DNA structures in E. coli, additionally, suggest new interpretations of pathways in cancer evolution, and that Holliday junctions may be universal molecular markers of chromosome fragility.
Ribosome-Induced Cellular Multipotency, an Emerging Avenue in Cell Fate Reversal
Authors: Istiaq Arif , Ohta Kunimasa
Published: September 2021

The ribosome, which is present in all three domains of life, plays a well-established, critical role in the translation process by decoding messenger RNA into protein. Ribosomal proteins, in contrast, appear to play non-translational roles in growth, differentiation, and disease. We recently discovered that ribosomes are involved in reverting cellular potency to a multipotent state. Ribosomal incorporation (the uptake of free ribosome by living cells) can direct the fate of both somatic and cancer cells into multipotency, allowing them to switch cell lineage. During this process, both types of cells experienced cell-cycle arrest and cellular stress while remaining multipotent. This review provides a molecular perspective on current insights into ribosome-induced multipotency and sheds light on how a common stress-associated mechanism may be involved. We also discuss the impact of this phenomenon on cancer cell reprogramming and its potential in cancer therapy.
The Effect of Different Surface Treatments on the Micromorphology and the Roughness of Four Dental CAD/CAM Lithium Silicate-Based Glass-Ceramics
Authors: Bebsh Muna , Haimeur Asmaa , França Rodrigo
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of various surface treatments on the micromorphology and the roughness of four CAD/CAM lithium silicate-based glass-ceramics (LSGC). Method: Eighty specimens of four LDGC materials (IPS e. max® CAD (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein, Schaan), Vita Suprinity® (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany), Celtra Duo® (Dentsply, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany) and n!ce (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland)) were used for this study. All specimens were highly polished with 400, 600, 1200 grit silicon carbide paper and then polished with 3 µm and 1 µm polycrystalline diamond suspension liquid with grinding devices. Each group of ceramic was assigned to one of the following three surface treatments (1) sand-blasting (SB) with 50 µm Al2O3 at 70 psi for 10s, (2) hydrofluoric acid etching (HF) with 5% hydrofluoric acid, according to the manufacturer instructions, (3) and a combination of sand-blasting and hydrofluoric acid (SB + HF). All specimens were cleaned with ethanol for 2 min and placed in an ultrasonic unit with distilled water for 15 min. The microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface roughness and topography were evaluated with atomic force microscopy in tapping mode (AFM). Statistical analysis was done using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 5%). Results: All surface treatments had a significant effect on LDGC surface roughness compared to the untreated surface (p < 0.05). The sand-blasting treatment had a significantly higher mean surface roughness value for Vita Suprinity and Celtra Duo compared to other surface treatments (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference for surface roughness between sand-blasting and sand-blasting + etching for e.max CAD and n!ce. The hydrofluoric acid produced less surface roughness compared to other surface treatments but was able to change the surface structure. (5) Conclusions: The sand-blasting + etching treatment could be a sufficient method to produce surface roughness for all LSGC types.
Promising Isotope Effect in Pd77Ag23 for Hydrogen Separation
Authors: Trequattrini Francesco , Palumbo Oriele , Tosti Silvano , Santucci Alessia , Paolone Annalisa
Published: September 2021

Pd–Ag alloys are largely used as hydrogen separation membranes and, as a consequence, the Pd–Ag–H system has been intensively studied. On the contrary, fewer information is available for the Pd–Ag–D system; thus, the aim of this work is to improve the knowledge of the isotope effect on the commercial Pd77Ag23 alloy, especially for temperature above 200 °C. In particular, deuterium absorption measurements are carried out in the Pd77Ag23 alloy in the temperature range between 79 and 400 °C and in the pressure range between 10−2 and 16 bar. In this exploited pressure (p) and composition (c) range, above 300 °C the pc isotherms display the typical shape of materials where only a solid solution of deuterium is present while at lower temperatures these curves seem to be better described by the coexistence of a solid solution and a deuteride in a large composition range. The obtained results are compared and discussed with the ones previously measured with the lightest hydrogen isotope. Such a comparison shows that the Pd77Ag23 alloy exhibits a clear inverse isotope effect, as the equilibrium pressure of the Pd–Ag–D system is higher than in Pd–Ag–H by a factor of ≈2 and the solubility of deuterium is about one half of that of hydrogen. In addition, the absorption measurements were used to assess the deuteration enthalpy that below 300 °C is ΔHdeut = 31.9 ± 0.3 kJ/mol, while for temperatures higher than 300 °C, ΔHdeut increases to 43 ± 1 kJ/mol. Additionally, in this case a comparison with the lighter isotope is given and both deuteration enthalpy values result lower than those reported for hydrogenation. The results described in this paper are of practical interest for applications operating above 200 °C, such as membranes or packing column, in which Pd77Ag23 has to interact with a gas stream containing both hydrogen isotopes.
Simulation-Based Defect Engineering in “α-Spodumene”
Authors: Suthaharan Sivanujan , Iyngaran Poobalasuntharam , Kuganathan Navaratnarajah
Published: September 2021

Naturally occurring lithium-rich α-spodumene (α-LiAlSi2O6) is a technologically important mineral that has attracted considerable attention in ceramics, polymer industries, and rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The defect chemistry and dopant properties of this material are studied using a well-established atomistic simulation technique based on classical pair-potentials. The most favorable intrinsic defect process is the Al-Si anti-site defect cluster (1.08 eV/defect). The second most favorable defect process is the Li-Al anti-site defect cluster (1.17 eV/defect). The Li-Frenkel is higher in energy by 0.33 eV than the Al-Si anti-site defect cluster. This process would ensure the formation of Li vacancies required for the Li diffusion via the vacancy-assisted mechanism. The Li-ion diffusion in this material is slow, with an activation energy of 2.62 eV. The most promising isovalent dopants on the Li, Al, and Si sites are found to be Na, Ga, and Ge, respectively. The formation of both Li interstitials and oxygen vacancies can be facilitated by doping of Ga on the Si site. The incorporation of lithium is studied using density functional theory simulations and the electronic structures of resultant complexes are discussed.
Topological Analysis of Magnetically Induced Current Densities in Strong Magnetic Fields Using Stagnation Graphs
Authors: Irons Tom J. P. , Garner Adam , Teale Andrew M.
Published: September 2021

Stagnation graphs provide a useful tool to analyze the main topological features of the often complicated vector field associated with magnetically induced currents. Previously, these graphs have been constructed using response quantities appropriate for modest applied magnetic fields. We present an implementation capable of producing these graphs in arbitrarily strong magnetic fields, using current-density-functional theory. This enables us to study how the topology of the current vector field changes with the strength and orientation of the applied magnetic field. Applications to CH4, C2H2 and C2H4 are presented. In each case, we consider molecular geometries optimized in the presence of the magnetic field. The stagnation graphs reveal subtle changes to this vector field where the symmetry of the molecule remains constant. However, when the electronic state and symmetry of the corresponding equilibrium geometry changes with increasing field strength, the changes to the stagnation graph are extensive. We expect that the approach presented here will be helpful in interpreting changes in molecular structure and bonding in the strong-field regime.
Perinatal Maternal Mental Health and Breastfeeding Are Associated with Infant and Toddler Sensory Profiles
Authors: Gee Bryan M. , Aubuchon-Endsley Nicki L. , Prow Abby
Published: September 2021

Infants’ sensory processing may impact their development and daily functioning in multiple domains, as does the mental health of their mothers. Little research has been conducted exploring the novel construct of sensory processing in relation to maternal mental health and arguably one of the most important co-occupations during this sensitive time (i.e., breastfeeding), which may also be impacted by maternal mental health. Therefore, this study aims to explore associations between maternal mental health, the co-occupation of breastfeeding, and the sensory processing profiles of infants. Specifically, a sample of maternal-offspring dyads was examined from pre-gestation through the infant’s age of 18 months. Mothers completed well-validated and contemporary self-report questionnaires of mental health (i.e., depression and anxiety symptom severity) and sensory processing across time points. Findings yielded statistically significant relationships between maternal prenatal and postnatal anxiety and depression symptom severity and infants’ sensory processing profiles. Further connections were found between infants’ sensory processing profiles and both duration and frequency of breastfeeding. The study provides health care professionals with additional perspectives on how maternal mental health status and breastfeeding may be related to infants’ sensory processing profiles.