bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Research of Anionic and Cationic Secondary Modified Organophilic Montmorillonite
Authors: Gu Xiao Hua , Li Shi Wei , Zheng Bing , Zhou Jia Liang
Published: December 2011

A novel method is proposed to modify montmorillonite with anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and halides stearyl cationic surfactants made by our group (Z-surfactant). The structure of organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) was characterized by XRD and TG. The results of X-ray diffraction show that cationic surfactants and anionic surfactants are all intercalated into the layer of MMT. When modified with cationic surfactants, the interlayer spacing of MMT increases from 1.24 nm to the maximum of 3.76 nm. When it was secondary modified, the insertion order is to insert the cation first and then the anion. The interlayer spacing of montmorillonite increases to 4.80 nm, the modification effect is well.
The Preparation of TCAS-Loaded Resin and its Adsorption Property to Pb2+ Ion
Authors: Hu Xiao Jun , Zhang Pin , Li Yu Shuang
Published: December 2011

A adsorbent for cadmium has been prepared by loading an anion-exchange resin with a novel supramolecular compound named thiacalix[4]arenetetrasulfonate (TCAS). The adsorption properties of Pb2+ on TCAS-loaded resin had been studied and the effects of varying temperature, pH value, adsorption time and initial concentration. Batch extraction studies had revealed a high adsorption ability of the TCAS-loaded resin toward this heavy metal ion with high selectivity. The maximum adsorption capacity of the TCAS-loaded resin toward Pb2+ was 26.32 mg•g-1. The removal rate of Pb2+ in water was up to 99% after 40min at 20°C when a 50mL aqueous solution of Pb2+ (10 mg•L-1) was adsorbed by 0.5g TCAS-loaded resin. The removal percentage steadily retained above 99% when the pH values were in the range of 4 to 7. The adsorption isotherm of the TCAS-loaded resin to Pb2+ ions fits well to linear form of Langmuir sorption equation.
Zinc and Cobalt Recovery from Co-Ni Residue of Zinc Hydrometallurgy by an Ammonia Process
Authors: Zhao Ting Kai , Liu Le Hao , Li Guang Ming , Tang Mo Tang
Published: December 2011

A new process for treating a Co-Ni residue of zinc metallurgy to produce zinc powder and recover cobalt in ammonia and ammonium sulfate(AAS) solutions was proposed. In this process, the baked Co-Ni residue was leached in AAS solutions. The leached solution was purified to remove the impurities by adding zinc powder and to separate Zn and Co from Cu, and Zn from Co and Cd. Under the optimal technical parameters, the metal leaching rate was 91.18 Zn, 96.98 Cu, 99.38 Cd and 89.35 Co in wt% respectively. The high cobalt-residue bearing 3.79wt% cobalt that of 8.4 times the raw Co-Ni residue can be used as a raw material for extracting cobalt or cobalt-salt. An active zinc powder could be obtained by using electrolysis from zinc purification solution, and current efficiency of the electrolysis is more than 88.19%. It’s a practical technology for treating waste-residue in zinc hydrometallurgy and will be a feasible process to recover valuable metals.
Recovery of Iron from Cyanide Tailings with Reduction Roasting–Water Leaching- Magnetic Separation
Authors: Yu Xian Jin , Zhang Ya Li , Li Huai Mei
Published: December 2011

Cyanide tailings have become one kind of the most hazardous solid waste. In order to recycle iron in the cyanide tailings, we present a technique using roasting- water leaching- magnetic separation. After analysis of the different parameters on recovery efficiency of iron, the optimum reaction parameters were proposed as the following: in reduction roasting process, weight ratios of cyanide tailings / activated carbon at 100:10, roasting at 750 °C; the liquid to solid ratio is 15:1 (ml /g), leaching at 60 °C for 5 min at water leaching. The grade of magnetic concentrate 53.8231％Fe and recovery rate of 76.5458％ were obtained. Mineralography of roasted product, water-leached sample were studied by X-ray powder diffraction technique (XRD).
Phase Separation of Reverse Micelles
Authors: Tian Yi Ling , Li Ning , Li Hui Ling
Published: December 2011

his paper describes the rules of change of reverse micelle phase separation under acid conditions. Using acetic acid, the reverse micelle system can be separated into an upper and lower phase. After separation with acid, the continuous phase is an organic solution and the polarity of upper phase is lower than that of lower layer. The separation formula is y=1.62+20.84e-x/5.31, where x is the W0 value of Superscript textthe original micelle system, y is the concentration of acetic acid required to separate the reverse micelle system into two phases of equal volume and it can be used to check the formula. Applying this formula to calculate the concentration of acid required to affect separation, the protein of rat serum can be separated under acidic conditions by the reverse micelle extraction method. In this way serum protein of rat can be further separated.
Finite Element Simulation of the Distribution of Micro-Stress and Strain of Multiphase Steel
Authors: Shang Yan , Han Yi , Guo Ying Li , Ding Hua
Published: December 2011

By using the finite element method (FEM), the stress-strain curves of multiphase steels was simulated based on the stress-strain curves of single-phase ferrite, bainite, and martensite steels; then the measured result was compared with the simulated one. Effective factors such as the different distribution of microstructure, the volume fraction of hard phase and the yield stress ratio between single-phase hard phase steel with single-phase ferrite steel in multiphase steel are discussed in this work. The results show that the simulated result closely fits the measured one, which proves that this FEM built in this work is correct. The coarser the microstructure, the higher the drag effects of bulk structure, and the larger deformation degree of ferrite phase. With the increase of bainite and martensite volume fraction, the maximum stress rise gradually and the maximum strain decreases gradually. Meanwhile, the effects of volume fraction of hard phase on the stress-strain curve of multiphase steels are larger than that of yield stress ratio between single-phase hard phase steels and single phase ferrite steel.
Charge Characteristics of Nanofiltration Membrane by Streaming Potential Method
Authors: Su Bao Wei , Duan Xiao Jie , Dou Mao Wei , Gao Xue Li , Gao Cong Jie
Published: December 2011

Surface charge properties of DL nanofiltration membrane were studied using streaming potential method. The results indicate that in the experimental concentration range, the relationship between NF membrane surface charge density and electrolyte solution concentration is in good agreement with Freundlich-isotherm adsorption, which indicates that the membrane surface charge comes from the adsorption of ions of the solution. In addition, the analysis of anion and cation adsorption on nanofiltration membrane surface showed that adsorption of common ions to the Inner Helmholtz Plane through specific adsorption increases the charge density, while adsorption of counter ions to the Outer Helmholtz Plane through electrostatic interactions leads to electric double-layer contracting inward, decreasing the membrane surface charge density.
Recovery of Valuable Metals from Zinc Plant Residues by Two-Stage Selective Atmospheric Leaching Process
Authors: Li Cun Xiong , Wei Chang , Xu Hong Sheng , Deng Zhi Gan , Liao Ji Qiang , Li Xin Bing , Li Min Ting
Published: December 2011

A hydrometallurgical process was used for selectively extraction of valuable metals from zinc plant residues. The process includes the following two steps. (1) The zinc plant residue is treated by sulfuric acid atmospheric leaching process with KMnO4 as oxidatant to selectively dissolve zinc while leaving most (above 98 pct) of indium and germandium in the iron residues. (2) The iron residues are treated by acidic atmospheric leaching process with NaClO3 as oxidant to dissolve indium and germanium. The valuable metals of indium and germanium in the second leaching solution can be reclaimed by further treatment. The optimum operating parameters of the first stage and the second stage were established by conditional tests. The experimental data indicated that under the conditions employed the zinc extraction in the first stage was above 95%, and the leaching percentage of indium and germanium in the second stage reached 91.6% and 90.7%, respectively.
Simulation of Condensation Process for Gasoline Vapor Recovery
Authors: Huang Wei Qiu , Shi Li , Peng Qun , Li Feng
Published: December 2011

A condensation separation model was designed to simulate and optimize the gasoline vapor condensation recovery systems in gas stations using Aspen Plus software. The relationship of either vapor recovery ratio or system energy consumption with condensation temperature was investigated. The results showed that the recovery system should be properly optimized into three-stage condensation processes. When the condensation temperatures at the three-stage were 2°C, -30°C and -80°C, respectively, the system recovery ratio would slightly exceed the national standard index of 95% of China and the system energy consumption could be almost controlled within the lowest level. Moreover, if the condensation temperature at the third stage was -120°C, the recovery ratio would be up to 99.62% and the energy consumption could be controlled in a little rising.
Study on Experiments of Ion Exchange Resin Column for Purification of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Luan Guo Yan , Gao Wei Ping , Yao Ping Jing
Published: December 2011

The technologies of ion exchange resin for ultra pure hydrogen peroxide production are more and more focused. The aim of this research was to determine suitable parameters for effective removal of Na+ impurities from aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution to produce ultra pure hydrogen peroxide. Dynamic experiments for the different operation conditions, i.e., initial concentration, flow rate, ratio of height to diameter were carried out. The concentrations of Na+ of the effluents from the ion exchange resin column were determined by ICPS-7510.The breakthrough curves of Na+ were measured and analyzed. The results shown that Na+ could be reduced effectively from the experimental aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution with the fitting conditions of ion exchange resin column, which provided the basis for determining of the suitable operating conditions of ion exchange column of a pilot plant.
Optimization for Extraction of Astaxanthin from Shrimp Shell Using Response Surface Method
Authors: Liu Hong Chao , Li Peng , Wang Guang , Yu He Ping , Zeng Zong Qiang , Yang Dan
Published: December 2011

In this work, the extraction of astaxanthin i.e. bioactive substance in the shrimp head and shell was studied. The extraction method of astaxanthin was established: the alkali method and organic solvents method were combined to extract astaxanthin, the solvent of the alkali solution was ethanol:water =4:1, dichloromethane was selected as the extractant. The best extraction conditions for astaxanthin were optimized: the concentration of sodium hydroxide was 1.4mol / L, the optimum extaction process was at 54°C for 24 h, and the ration of solid to liquid was 8:1. In this condition, the absorption value of astaxanthin was 1.2048, the concentration of astaxanthin was 3.26μg/mL, which was equivalent to 32.6 μg/g dry shrimp shell.
Reactive Ability and Bong Strength Analysis on Al(OH)3 Crystals with Three Different Crystalline
Authors: Wu Zheng Ping , Zhou Li Jiao , Chen Qi Yuan , Yin Zhou Lan
Published: December 2011

The crystal structure models of three kinds of different Al(OH)3 crystals, which are gibbsite, bayerite and nordstradite, are built respectively according to the corresponding experimental crystal lattice. Geometry optimizations are implemented by CASTEP program module using general gradient approximation (GGA) and local density approximation (LDA) methods respectively based on density functional theory (DFT). Total energy, electronic structure, atomic and bond populations are also calculated. The calculation results of total energy indicate that gibbsite is steadier than the other two from the point of view of energy, and the effect of basis set of GGA-PW91 is highest. At the same time, energy bond structure and density of states calculated at GGA-PW91 and LDA-CA-PZ levels show that the different of energy gap ΔE (ELUMO-EHOMO) at the first group of BZ is not obvious, and that the highest value of ΔE of gibbsite is more lower than the other two Al(OH)3 crystals. It may be likely to say that gibbsite may be more active than the other two crystals. According to the analysis of populations, it can be found that bond populations value of H-O and Al-O bonds of gibbsite is smallest in three different Al(OH)3 crystals, it is to say that the combination force of H-O and Al-O bonds of gibbsite is smallest and gibbsite may be more easier to be calcined theoretically.
Experimental Study on the Uniformity of Velocity Distribution of Rectangular Burner Outlet of Hot-Blast Stove
Authors: Zhang Xi Lai , Jin Shi Ping , Yang Yi , Fang Shun Li , Wen Wu Qi , Huang Su Yi
Published: December 2011

The flow in the burner is impacted by many factors, including the big bulk of the modern hot-blast stove, complex pipeline and too many valves. The length-width ratio of internal-combustion hot blast stoves is so high that non-uniform velocity distribution is easily brought forth along its length. Considering a real burner, a 1:5 scale model is established in this paper. The impact of the deflector on the velocity distribution of the nozzle exit is analyzed in the experiment, providing a basis for practical engineering design.
Energy Consumption in Binary Batch Distillation of Total Reflux and Top Accumulation
Authors: Wang Wei Guo , Wang Cun Wen , Zhou Fang Lei , Qin Yuan Hang , Wu Yuan Xin , Zeng Zhen
Published: December 2011

The numeric method of the total quantity of ineffective reflux on tower top of binary batch distillation of total reflux and top accumulation under and ideal operation conditions is introduced. Energy consumption of binary batch distillation under total reflux and top accumulation is analyzed using the calculated results of examples，and a conclusion that, for the separation task that the low-efficiency energy consumption is large in proportion to its total energy consumption , its total energy consumption is visibly reduced by making a reduction in the mixing level of flowing liquid in top vessel.
Extraction of Aluminum Hydroxide from Coal Fly Ash by Pre-Desilication and Calcination Methods
Authors: Wang Ming Wei , Yang Jing , Ma Hong Wen , Shen Jie , Li Jin Hong , Guo Feng
Published: December 2011

Using coal fly ash from one thermal power plant in Ningxia, China as the raw material, aluminum hydroxide powder was successfully extracted by pre-desilication , calcination, dissolution and carbonation precipitation processes. The research results indicated that the mullite, Quartz and glass phase in the coal fly ash could be changed into NaSiO3, NaAlO2 and Na2CaSiO4 after the coal fly ash was treated by desilication and calcination. The SiO2and Al2O3 components in the coal fly ash were mainly separated by dissolving the calcined sample using water. The dissolution rate of Al2O3 from the calcined sample is 91%. The aluminum hydroxide powder extracted from the coal fly ash is bayerite with the particle size of more than 50m. The extraction rate of the aluminum hydroxide from the coal fly ash can be up to 83%.
Research on Gas Temperature Field above the Open End of Monoliths for Catalytic Burner of Natural Gas
Authors: Zhang Shi Hong , Xiao Min , Shi Xing Xing
Published: December 2011

This article discussed exhaust gas temperature field above the open end of catalytic monoliths of lean natural gas-air mixtures in burner VIII. The burner VIII need to be ignited by gas phase combustion with the excessive air coefficient (α) at 1.3. After it reached the steady state of catalyst, the exhaust gas temperature field was measured by thermocouple K of diameter 0.5. It was shown that the temperature gradient changed according to the different position in the large space above the open end of catalytic monoliths. The finding would be applied for heating equipments.
Condensation of Methyl Propionate with Formaldehyde to Methyl Methacrylate over Cs-Zr-Mg/SiO2 Catalysts
Authors: Ding Shuang , Wang Lei , Yan Rui Yi , Diao Yan Yan , Li Zeng Xi , Zhang Suo Jiang , Wang Shao Jun
Published: December 2011

Cs-Zr-Mg/SiO2 can be effective catalysts for the production of methyl methacrylate (MMA) by the condensation of methyl propionate (MP) and formaldehyde (FA). The catalysts with different magnesium loading were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The number and strength of surface acid and base sites of catalysts were determined by stepwise temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of NH3 and CO2, respectively. It was found that the catalyst with a magnesium loading of 1.0 g/100molSiO2 had the modest acidity and basicity and showed the excellent performance. Furthermore, it was also observed that the activity of the catalyst decreased with reaction time, and coke formed on the catalyst was characterized by DTA/TG technique after reaction.
Preparation and Property of Y-Mg-Al-Layered Double Oxides
Authors: Jia Tai Xuan , Zhang Ji Chang , Liu Zi Li
Published: December 2011

Y-Mg-Al-layered double Oxides (Y-Mg-Al-LDO) were prepared by calcining Y3+-doped Mg-Al-layered hydrotalcites at 823 K for 8 h from co-precipitation method. The samples were detected by XRD and CO2-TPD. Micro-structure and essential regularity were disclosed. The acetone condensation reaction as a probe reaction was carried on fixed-bed micro-reactor at reactive temperature 673 K, reactive time 3 h and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) 6 h-1 over Y-Mg-Al-LDO. The catalyst evaluation results show that Y-Mg-Al-LDO possess high catalytic activity. The maximum value of acetone conversion reached 37.53%. The selectivity and single-pass-yield of isophorone were 55.66% and 20.89%, respectively.
Degradation Mechanism of Aqueous Sulfamerazine by AOPs of O3 and UV/TiO2
Authors: Chuang Li Chin , Luo Chin Hsiang , Huang Sing Wei
Published: December 2011

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) is a promising treatment technology for eliminating trace micropollutants, in the treatment of wastewaters containing sulfamerazine (one of pharmaceuticals) using O3 and UV/TiO2 process, respectively. The degradation was studied by monitoring the intermediates employing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation coupled with an atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (API-MS) system operated under selected ion monitoring (SIM). The results indicate that the original sulfamerazine almost was degraded within 90 min under the concentration of ozone 3 mg/L at different pH runs. The ozonation of sulfamerazine demonstrated the best degradation efficiency for runs at pH 8 than for runs at pH 6 and pH 11, respectively, under the concentration of ozone 1 or 3 mg/L. The original sulfamerazine was completely degraded within irradiation time of 5 hr at pH 6 runs in the concentration of O2-sparged 30 mg/L during the photocatalytic process. The rate constants are 0.086, 0.08, 0.04, and 0.027 hr-1 at the concentration of sulfamerazine 14.22, 21.33, 35.55, and 42.66 μM, respectively. Two intermediates were observed during the photocatalytic degradation of sulfamerazine.
Effect of Calcinations Temperature of Cu/Ti-PILCs for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by Propylene
Authors: Wang Qi Ying , Liu Zi Li , Zou Han Bo , Zhao Zhao Hui , Liu Zhao Qing , Wu Jun Rong
Published: December 2011

Catalyst Cu/Ti-PILCs were used for selective catalytic reduction of NO by propylene. The effect of calcinations temperature of Cu/PILCs on catalytic activity, pore structure and active species were investigated. Cu/Ti-PILCs calcined at 500°C had best activity. On 500°C-calcined catalyst, the Cu species was highly-dispersed and existed mainly as Cu2＋species which was the catalytic active component to SCR reaction. The pore structure of Cu/Ti-PILCs had good thermal stability below 600°C calcinations. 700°C-calcined catalyst has poor catalytic activity. High-temperature calcinations destroyed the catalyst’s pore structure, and formed CuO bulky aggregation which had no catalytic activity, all these led to the decrease of the SBET of catalysts and the drop of catalytic activity.
Preparation of Mo-Fe/SiO2 and Catalytic Selective Oxidation of p-Xylene
Authors: Huang Yan Qiu , Liu Zi Li , Liu Jie , Qin Zu Zeng , Wang Jin Wen , Wen Huai You , Yang Ke Di
Published: December 2011

The preparation of Mo–Fe/SiO2 catalysts by sol-gel method, catalytic selective oxidations of p-xylene to terephthalaldehyde over the Mo–Fe/SiO2 catalyst, and the effects of the supported metal on the catalytic activities were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results show that the presence of Fe enhances the catalytic performance of Mo–Fe/SiO2 on the selective oxidation of p-xylene. The addition of the optimal concentration of 15% Fe results in 53.2% conversion and 33.3% selectivity. The optimal calcination temperature of the Mo–Fe/SiO2 catalyst was 500 °C.
Lumping Kinetics of Asphaltene Hydrocracking over NiMo/γ-Al2O3
Authors: Zhao Ying Xian , Li Da , Lin Xiao
Published: December 2011

Catalytic hydrocracking of asphaltene over Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3 was conducted in a microbatch reactor at 693 K. A kinetic model with four lumps (asphaltene, liquid, gas and coke) containing five reaction paths was developed. The fitting of experimental data validated the suggested model and determined the rate constant of each individual reactions, to give the insight to the kinetic feature of asphaltene catalytic hydrocracking
Preparation of Foaming Agent by Modification Protein from Pea Meal
Authors: Huo Ji Chuan , Yuan Yan Hong , Wang Cheng , Xie Chang Dong
Published: December 2011

Pea meal was used as raw material to prepare protein foam agent. The parameters containing concentration of Ca(OH)2, reaction temperature and time were investigated and optimized by the response surface methodology in the modification process of foam agent. The optimum condition was obtained that the concentration of Ca(OH)2 0.78%, reaction temperature 92°C and 4 hours for extraction time. Under the optimal condition, the maximum forecasting foam stability was 16.2h and the verified value was 16.16h which relative error was 0.25% through confirmative test.
Catalytic Epoxidation of Soybean Oil Methyl Esters
Authors: He Xi Pu , Deng Xia , Wang Seng Sheng , Xiong Jun , Gu Yu Xiang
Published: December 2011

The plant oil-based epoxy materials are considered as environment-friendly, biodegradable, renewable raw materials, potentially replacing petrochemical-based epoxy materials in many fields. Soybean oil methyl esters (SOME) were epoxidized with Prileshajev and Chemo-enzymatic reactions. The highest epoxy oxirane achieved by Prileshajev epoxidation was only 4.42%, however, it could reach 5.63% by chemo-enzymatic epoxidation. The stability of oxirane by chemo-enzymatic epoxidation was better than that by Prileshajev epoxidation. The results showed that the chemo-enzymatic method was extremely efficient in the synthesis of epoxides from unsaturated methyl esters.
Preparation and Catalytic Activity of Fe2O3/CNT to Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchilorate
Authors: Liu Peng , Kong Jiang Rong , Xu Xu Dong , Sun Fu Long , Liu Qi Cheng
Published: December 2011

CNT (Carbon nanotube)-supported Fe2O3 combustion catalyst was prepared via a sol-gel method in order to promote the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchilorate (AP). XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis proved that the product was nanosized hexagonal α-Fe2O3 loading on carbon substrate. TG (Thermogravimetry) and DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis) tests showed that Fe2O3/CNT could accelerate AP thermal decomposition at relatively low temperature. It was suggested that the improvement of the catalytic activity was associated with the dispersion of Fe2O3 nanoparticles and the enlargement of active region.
Kinetic Study of the Esterification Reaction of Hydroxymethyl(phenyl)phosphinic Acid and Ethylene Glycol
Authors: Cao Ke Guang , Xia Chun Liang , Wang Zhong Wei
Published: December 2011

The kinetics of the esterification reaction of hydroxymethyl(phenyl)phosphinic acid (HMPPA) with Ethylene Glycol (EG) was studied. The reaction was carried out using benzene as a water carrying agent, and the reactant concentration was determined by titration of NaOH solution. The reaction mechanism was explained. Reaction time and reaction temperature were investigated to find their effect on the reaction. The kinetic model of the apparent reaction was built. It was found that the apparent reaction is a second order reaction, and the activation energy is 41.57 kJ/mol.
Synthesis of Single-Phase Zeolite 4A from by-Products of Polysilicon Production Process
Authors: Liu Xing Yong , Li Min , He Xi Yang , Chen Hong , Hao Shi Xiong
Published: December 2011

In this paper, pure,single phase and high crystalline zeolite 4A samples were synthesized by hydrothermal treating by-products of polysilicon production process. The influence of crystallization time and the molar ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 on degree of crystallinity of synthesized zeolite 4A samples was studied. The degree of crystallinity, skeleton structure and particles morphology of zeolite 4A samples were characterized by XRD,FT-IR,SEM,respectively.The results show that synthesized zeolite 4A samples were identical with commodity zeolite 4A.
Preliminary Dynamics Analysis for Synthesis of Polyamide Polyamine Compounds (PPC)
Authors: Chen Jian , Zhu Hong Xiang , Wang Li Jun , Xia Nan Nan , Wang Shuang Fei
Published: December 2011

In this paper, preliminary dynamics analysis of synthesis of polyamide polyamine compounds was deduced by kinetic equation. The dynamic analysis shows that the reaction of polyethylene polyamines with adipic acid belongs to typical three reactions. In the kinetic equation, the concentration of carboxyl failed to reflect the ability of provided protons that reaction system to amine.
Predicting for Connecting Strength of Shape Memory Alloy Pipe-Connector
Authors: Li Ding Yuan , Liu Fu , Li Gang
Published: December 2011

A theoretical model is established in order to analyze the stress state and estimate the connecting strength of the iron-based shape memory alloy pipe-connector. The effect of the temperature on the connecting strength is investigated using this model. The results show that the enclasp force of pipe joint P and maximal stresses of pipe and pipe joint ( , ) decreases linearly as increasing temperature. P and ( , ) decrease as increasing the thickness of the pipe joint, the decrease of is less than that of . Therefore, the thickness of the pipe joint is small as much as possible in order to enhance the enclaspe force.
Numerical Study of Heat Feedback Influence on Combustion of ADN
Authors: Zhao Yu , Bao Fu Ting , Hu Sheng Chao
Published: December 2011

Based on detailed chemical kinetics, a combustion model for ADN was established first. The mechanism used consists of 33 species and 173 reactions. Results obtained from the model match the experimental data reasonably well. Then the model was carried out many times at various heat feedbacks from gas to condensed phase. And the calculations show that heat feedback is crucial to create a dark zone and determine the length of it.
Dynamic Simulation of Ammonia Synthesis Loop under Abnormal Conditions
Authors: Tian Wen De , Yu Zi Ping , Sun Su Li
Published: December 2011

As the core component of synthetic ammonia process, ammonia synthesis takes place in a loop in which hydrogen and nitrogen are converted to ammonia per pass through the ammonia converter. Its nonlinear mathematic model is built in this paper, based on partial data from literatures. The research focus on four types of unit: synthesis converter, ammonia separator, synthesis gas compressor and ammonia chiller, and dynamic simulation under fault conditions is carried out. Results show that the model has enough precision to meet fault simulation requirements. This work establishes the research foundation for future quantitative fault modeling, diagnosis algorithm selection and fault effect analysis.
Ternary Liquid-Liquid Equillibria for (Water + Methanol + β-Citronellol) at 283.15 and 313.15 K
Authors: Zhang Tian Fei , Pan Chuan Yi , Hu Sheng , Li Heng De
Published: December 2011

Liquid-liquid equilibrium tie-line data are reported for ternary mixture of (water + methanol +β-citronellol) at 283.15 and 313.15 K. The miscibility for the ternary (water + methanol + β-citronellol) LLE was increasing as the the temperature increased. The experimental liquid–liquid equilibrium data have been satisfactorily represented by using an extended UNIQUAC model.
Study on Explosion in Spherical Vessel Vented into Dump Vessel
Authors: Yu Yuan , Jiang Jun Cheng , Zhang Qing Wu
Published: December 2011

The gas explosion in spherical vessel vented into a dump vessel (“dump vessel vented”) was studied by experimental and numerical simulation. The CFD model used provided a reasonable agreement with the experimental results. The maximum pressure of the explosion vessel is more than the direct venting. But when ratio of dump vessel volume (vd) to explosion vessel volume (ve) is more than or equal to 5, the maximum pressure in the explosion vessel approximately equal to the maximum pressure of simple vented.
Electrochemical Synthesis of POT for Electrochromic and Solar Cell Materials
Authors: Li Bin , Niu Hai Jun , Zhang Lin , Bai Xu Duo
Published: December 2011

POT (poly (o-toluidine)) was synthesized on ITO/glass by using electrochemical method and the effect of different reaction conditions such as scan rate, the concentrations of monomer and sulfuric acid, and cycle times on the POT was studied. The resulting POT was characterized by spectroscopy such as FT-IR, Roman, and UV-vis methods. The surface morphology of protruding island shape was recorded by scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The electrochromic properties were found that the color of the polymer can turn from green to blue reversibly by increasing the applied voltage. The anode of the solar cell was made of FTO/glass covered with nano-TiO2/POT showed good photo-electron conversion performance which indicated the potential application in electrochromic and solar cell devices.
Influence of Fabrication Process on Magnetic Properties of Co-Finemet Nanocrystalline Powder Core
Authors: Wang Zhen , Liu Jing , Wang Ru Wu , Min Jia Kun , Lu Zhi Hong , Gan Zhang Hua , Fan Li Xia
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Rapidly quenched ribbons of Fe63.5Co10Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3alloy were annealed at 550°C in a vacuum for 1h and milled to powders. Cold-pressed nanocrystalline powder cores were fabricated using 1-5wt.% of epoxy E-44 as the binder and 1wt.% of Zn-stearate for lubrication under the pressure 155-200KN. The microstructure and morphology of powders were characterized with XRD and SEM. The effective permeability (μe) and quality factor (Q) were tested by using LCR HiTESTER 3532-50 in the range of 1–5000 kHz. The results show that the μe of the powder cores increased with the particle size. Powder cores with 2wt.% binder exhibited higher μe, but lower Q compared with samples with 3wt.% binder. Increase of the forming pressure helps improve μe, but the excessive stress caused by the forming pressure had a negative effect for μe.
Effects of C Addition on Glass-Forming in FeCPSiBMoMn Bulk Metallic with Good Soft-Magnetic Properties
Authors: Wu Jian Peng , Li Shan Dong , Liu Mei Mei , Cai Xin Le , Hu Yi , Qiu Jie , Lin Jian Hua
Published: December 2011

The effect of C substitution on the glass forming ability (GFA) and soft magnetic properties of Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMG) Fe79.4-xCxSi3.5B5.1P8.9Mo3Mn0.1(x = 4.2, 5.2, and 7.0) alloys have been investigated. It is revealed that fully glassy alloy rods with diameters up to 4 mm can be prepared by conventional copper mold casting method even using the low-cost industrial Fe-P master alloy. Properly substituting of Fe by C gives rise to an enhancement of GFA. Moreover, all the samples exhibit good soft magnetic properties with high saturation magnetization up to 1.16 T and low coercivity of 204 A/m.
Preparation and Characterization of Light-Color Conductive Composite Based on Talc
Authors: Xu Zi Xian , Lv Feng Zhu , Feng Xue , Zhang Yi He
Published: December 2011

As additive, economic and low resistivity material was useful in the fields of electrostatic prevention and electromagnetism screening. Antimony-doped tin oxide(Sb:SnO2)/talc composite was prepared for this purpose via a modified chemical deposition method using economic and natural talc as matrix. Effects of hydrolysis temperature, pH value, doping concentration of antimony, proportion of Sb:SnO2 to talc, calcination temperature and time on the resistivity of the composite powder were investigated. The construction of Sb:SnO2/talc conductive composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The resistivity of Sb:SnO2/talc composite prepared at the optimum conditions decreased to 3.0×103 Ω•cm, at the same time its whiteness was greatly improved.
Study on the Wear Properties and Wear Mechanism about TC4 and G3 Alloy Tubing Steel in Dry Condition
Authors: Tian Wei , Xie Fa Qin , Yao Xiao Fei , Zhao Xue Hui
Published: December 2011

The wear property of TC4 alloy is focus of discussion for its being used in high strengthen and corrosion resistant of tubing material. In the present paper, the wear properties of TC4 alloy and G3 alloy tubing steel are investigated comparatively, the differences and similarities of the weight loss rate of wear, wear coefficient and topography of wear mark by the wear test and the topography analysis are analyzed, and then the wear mechanism is discussed. The result shows that the topography of wear mark of TC4 alloy is furrow morphology, but that of G3 alloy tubing steel is pit morphology. The wear resistant of G3 alloy tubing steel is obviously more excellent than that of TC4 alloy. The wear mechanism of TC4 alloy is exfoliation wear, adhesive wear and fatigue wear, and that of G3 alloy tubing steel is exfoliation wear and abrasive wear.
Simulation of GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs/InyGa1-y As Double-Barrier Resonant Tunneling Structures
Authors: Zhou Yuan Ming
Published: December 2011

We study the resonant tunneling in symmetric GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs/InyGa1-yAs double-barrier resonant-tunneling structures. Effects of three factors on the resonant tunneling are simulated and discussed. On increasing the barrier height, the decrease of current density is attributed to the interplay between the increase of the supply function of available electrons and the rapid decrease of the transmission coefficient through the device area, and the lowest Indium content for realizing the zero-bias resonant tunneling increases. With the increase of the barrier (well) width, the decrease of the current density can be explained by the fact that both the supply function and the transmission coefficient decreases, and the lowest Indium content meeting the zero-bias resonant condition decreases.
Ordered Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Novel Sandwich-Type Heteroleptic (Porphyrinato) (Phthalocyaninato) Europium Complex
Authors: Liu Qing Yun , Zhao Qing Ru , Liu Hong Guo , Li Yong
Published: December 2011

Ordered molecular assemblies of novel sandwich-type heteroleptic (porphyrinato) (phthalocyaninato) europium complex (a double-decker compound) molecules were fabricated by Langmuir–Blodgett technique. The monolayer behaviors of the complex molecules were investigated using a series of techniques including surface pressure-area isotherm measurement, UV-vis spectroscopy, polarized UV-vis spectroscopy, and low-angle X-ray diffractometry. The results indicated that double-decker complex molecules form well-ordered and stable monolayers with a face-to-face configuration and edge-on arrangement to the water surface at the air-water interface as well as J-aggregates in lamellar multilayers on solid substrates. The orientation angle of the macrocycle in the double-decker compound with respect to the quartz slice surface in the LB films have been determined on the basis of the polarized absorbance and were found to be ca. 42o.
Non-Dopant Electroluminescent Devices Based on Benzoxazinone Derivative as Strong Fluorescence in Solid Film
Authors: Pang Hui , Zhang Wen Guan , Zhao Sheng Min
Published: December 2011

The orange fluorescent compound 2-[2-(p-toluenesulphonylamino)-5-chlorophenyl]-6- chloro-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one (Cl-TSB) was synthesized by reacting 2-amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid with p-toluenesulphonyl chloride. The strong photoluminescent peak was at 544 nm in solid film. HOMO and LUMO energy levels were calculated -5.00 and -1.82 eV. The multilayer organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) ITO/NPB/Cl-TSB/BCP/TPBi or Alq3/LiF/Al were fabricated. The electroluminescent peaks of all devices were at ca. 620 nm with luminance of over 100 cd/m2. The characteristics of devices demonstrated that Cl-TSB was an orange emitter suitable for OLED.
Effect of Rare Earth Composite Refiner Agent on Decolorization and Fining of the Floating Glasses
Authors: Hu Yan Hong , Li Mei , Liu Zhao Gang , Wang Mi Tang , Wang Li , Wu Jing Xiu
Published: December 2011

Na2O-CaO-SiO2 flat glasses were prepared with traditional melt-quenching methods.The effect of different fining glass agent,such as Na2SO4,Ce2(CO3)3,Rare earth composite fining agent,and content on the fining and decolourizing of glass was studied. In addition,the effect of rare-earth composite glass fining agent on the fining and decolourizing of molten glass was analyzed.Mechanism of fining was discussed.Comparative results indicate that composite agent is better than a single agent on the effect of clarification and decolourization.increasing the transparency of glass,glass’s strength was increased largely.
Drug Release Characteristics of P(AA-co-DMAA)/SA Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels
Authors: Wang Na Na , Lin Song Bai , Wang Ke Ping , Ke Ai Ru
Published: December 2011

P(AA-co-DMAA) superporous drug-loaded hydrogels containing berberine hydrochloride were prepared by dispersion polymerization in foam system with acrylic acid (AA) and N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAA) as monomers. Then sodium alginate (SA) as the second network was added to the system, and P(AA-co-DMAA)/SA interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels were formed. The effects of pH value, reaction time between SA and glutaric dialdehyde (GA), the concentration of SA and GA on release behavior of berberine hydrochloride were discussed. The FT-IR spectra showed that P(AA-co-DMAA)/SA IPN hydrogels were synthesized successfully. The inverted fluorescence micrograph of P(AA-co-DMAA)/SA showed that some part of the superporous structures were still retained.The cumulative release proﬁles showed that the release rates were slightly higher in pH=6.8 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) than the one in pH=1 HCl solution. The release rate was the slowest in distilled water, only 7.3% within 24h. When the reaction time between SA and GA was shortened, the release speed of berberine hydrochloride became faster. The pore size of P(AA-co-DMAA) hydrogels was reduced with the concentration of SA and GA increased, and the release rate decreased due to the more dense network structures.
Synthesis, Photochromism Properties of a Novel Hybrid Diarylethene Based on Hydroxyl Group
Authors: Jiang Duo Hua , Liu Gang , Liu Wei Jun , Fan Cong Bin
Published: December 2011

A novel unsymmetrical diarylethene derivative 1-[2-methyl-5-(4-pyridine)-3-thienyl]-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-hydroxylphenyl)-3-thienyl]hexafluorocyclopentene (1a) was successfully synthesized. The properties of the compound, including photochromic and fluorescence properties of the diarylethene were also investigated systematically. The results showed that absorption maxima of this compound were observed at 606 nm in methanol and at 612 nm in PMMA amorphous film, respectively, upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light. In methanol solution, the open-ring isomer of the diarylethene 1 exhibited relatively fluorescence at 499 nm when excited at 414 nm. This new photochromic compound also exhibited remarkable optical storage character.
Thermal Characteristics of PCMs - TH29 in Building Energy Storage
Authors: Qiu Lin , Tan Zhi , Yan Min
Published: December 2011

Phase change materials (PCMs) using in the building energy storage field can satisfy people’s requirement of thermal comfort and attain function of energy saving and adjustment. This article experimental studies thermal Characteristics of a hydrated salt PCMs (TH29) ,which involves phase change process and was used in building energy storage, tests the different solid/liquid ratio of the phase change material, the whole time of phase change, and the delayed effect at different locations in phase change process, phase-changing cycles and thermal stability and TH29 temperature variety at heating and cooling modes and the delay phenomena on different location. The experimental results show that a good thermal stability of TH29 after long term phase-changing cycles can be attained under this test condition.
Real-Time Monitoring of Rebar Corrosion in Concrete
Authors: He Hong Zhu , Cui Yu Li , Shi Mei Lun
Published: December 2011

Real-time monitoring of concrete of rebar in concrete is studied in this paper, electrochemical method is the simplest method, monitoring of corrosion of rebar in concrete. This method is simple in an ever-changing environment, can reflect the corrosion of rebar in a long time.It not only can detect the rebar corrosion rate, also can test the long-term corrosion quantity. With the help of the polarization resistance measured regularly, the quantity of rebar corrosion can be estimated in a certain time.
The Electrochemical Behavior of Electrolytic Tinplate
Authors: Bai Hui Ping , Tu Yuan Qiang , Liu Chang Fu
Published: December 2011

The electrochemical behavior of electrolytic tinplates was studied and analyzed by means of electrochemical methods together with tin quantity test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the properties of the Sn-Fe alloy layer determined the electrochemical behavior of electrolytic tinplates. The electrolytic tinplate possessed higher corrosion resistance if the Sn-Fe alloy layer was thicker and more compact.
Synthesis of Polythiophene Nanoparticles by Microemulsion Polymerization for Photocatalysis
Authors: Cheng Yang , Wang Jun , Bao Yun Cheng , Ma Ya Li , Wang Guang Hui
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Polythiophene nanoparticles prepared by W/O microemulsion method were found to be photocatalytically active for degradation of Orange II dye and methyl Orange. During the photodegradation of Orange II and Methyl Orange as organic dyes in UV/H2O2and UV irradiation systems using polythiophene nanoparticles as photocatalyst, it is exhibiting significant photocatalytic activity towards to double dyes in UV and UV/H2O2system. the diameter of spherical polymer nanoparticles is 100±20 nm which was characterized by TEM with good dispersity. Furthermore, its photocatalytic efficiency for degradation of Orange II and Methyl Orange under UV irradiation is 2.54 and 1.95 times higher than normal polythiophene composites relatively. According to the testment by Accelerated Surface Area and Porosimetry System, The true cause lay in the fact that the specific surface area of Polythiophene nanoparticles is 106.6 m2/g compared to normal Polythiophene is 24.2 m2/g, This conjugated polymer characterized by FTIR spectroscopies before and after photocatalytic reactions shows reliable chemical stability. In addition, it held excellent recovery ability and kept up their catalytic activity with indistinctive drop after six repeated utilization.
Study on Phenolic Resin Modified Magnesium Oxychloride Cement
Authors: Zhang Zhi Jie , Li Hong Ke , Liu Ping An
Published: December 2011

The influences of phenolic resin on the properties of both Magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) pastes and MOC abrasive tools were investigated in this study. By incorporating phenolic resin in the MOC pastes,With 5% phenolic resin ,the compressive strength of MOC paste decreased by 26% , the flexural strength of MOC pastes decreased by 21%, the abrasion loss of MOC abrasive tools decreased by 37%, the strength softening coefficient greatly increased. The mechanism maybe due to the microstructure of the MOC pastes became more compact with phenolic resin adding, the rate of hydrolyzation reaction of MOC phases would be postponed.
Electrochemical Performance of Polypyrrole/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Composites for Supercapacitors Electrodes
Authors: Li Jing , Xie Hua Qing , Li Yang
Published: December 2011

Nanocomposites supercapacitors electrodes are synthesized by homogeneously coating the nano-structured polypyrrole (PPy) on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via a facile electrochemical method. The capacitance properties of the composites are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge techniques. The results show that the porous composites structure exhibit a remarkable specific capacitance of 674 F g-1 at a current density of 2 A g-1. Electrochemical experiments indicate that the high specific capacitance is associated with uniform PPy coating. Moreover, the composites present a nearly ideal rectangular shape of cyclic voltammetry characteristics. The stability of the composites electrode is also examined and only 10% capacitance decrease after 800 cycles. This technique provides a feasible solution for developing high-performance electrical energy storage devices.
Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Kinetics of Melt Spun Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Mg2Ni-Type Alloy by Substituting Ni with Co
Authors: Zhang Yang Huan , Zhang Guo Fang , Li Xia , Hou Zhong Hui , Zhang Yin , Zhao Dong Liang
Published: December 2011

The nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg2Ni1-xCox (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys were prepared by melt-spinning technique. The structures of the alloys were studied by XRD, SEM and HRTEM. The hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics and the high rate discharge ability (HRD) of the alloys were measured. The results show that the as-spun Co-free alloy holds a typical nanocrystalline structure, whereas the as-spun alloys containing Co display a nanocrystalline and amorphous structure, confirming that the substitution of Co for Ni facilitates the glass formation in the Mg2Ni-type alloy. The substitution of Co for Ni evidently improves the hydriding and dehydriding kinetics and the HRD of the alloys. With an increase in the amount of Co substitution from 0 to 0.4, the HRD value rises from 52.9% to 60.3% for the as-cast alloy, and from 65.9% to 76.0% for the as-spun (30 m/s) alloy.
Effect of Synthesis Conditions on the Structure and Electrochemical Properties of LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2 by Sol Gel Method
Authors: Yu Zhi Yong , Liu Han Xing
Published: December 2011

The layered LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2 cathode materials were synthesized by a sol gel method. The effects of calcination temperature and time on the structural and electrochemical properties of the LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2 were investigated. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical analysis. The results revealed that the layered LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2 material could be optimal synthesized at temperature of 900°C for 10h. The sample prepared under the above conditions has the highest initial discharge capacity of 151 mAh/g and showed no dramatic capacity fading during 20 cycles between 2.5-4.5V at a current rate of 20mA/g.