bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single‐Cell Insights Into Cellular Response in Abdominal Aortic Occlusion‐Induced Hippocampal Injury
Authors: Ren Changhong , Kui Ling , Xu Jun , Tong Fang , Wang Xiaojie , Ma Jianping , Tian Xiaomei , Wang Guoyun , Liu Feng‐Yong , Li Sijie , Ji Xunming
Published: January 2025

Objective

Ischemia–reperfusion of the abdominal aorta often results in damage to distant organs, such as the heart and brain. This cellular heterogeneity within affected tissues complicates the roles of specific cell subsets in abdominal aorta occlusion model (AAO) injury. However, cell type–specific molecular pathology in the hippocampus after ischemia is poorly understood.

Aims

In this study, we adopted a mouse AAO to investigate the single‐cell transcriptome in the hippocampi in AAO mice.

Methods

Male C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks old) were used to create an AAO model, with animals divided into Sham and I/R groups. The I/R group was subjected to 2 h of ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion, after which hippocampal tissues were collected for single‐cell RNA sequencing and histological analysis. Behavioral tests, including the Rotarod, Y‐maze, and new object recognition tests, were performed daily for 28 days post‐surgery to evaluate neurological function. A total of 62,624 cells were corresponding 7 cell types with neuronal, glial, and vascular lineages. We next analyzed cell‐specific gene alterations in AAO mice and the function of these cell‐specific Genes.

Results

AAO injury upregulated astrocyte and oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) proportions (p‐value < 0.05). Astrocytes showed unique gene expression related to neurogenesis and mRNA processing. Five distinct astrocyte subtypes emerged post‐injury. OPCs exhibited enhanced synapse organization. Microglia activation and the elevated expression level of the epithelial cell oxidative phosphorylation protein–protein interaction (PPI) module indicate an inflammatory response and metabolic changes in response to AAO injury.

Conclusions

Our scRNA‐seq analysis provides insights into transcriptional changes at the single‐cell level in response to AAO‐induced hippocampal injury. This study illustrates how the hippocampal region responds to such injury and identifies potential therapeutic targets for intervention, thereby paving the way for future research and treatment strategies.
Application of Family Stress Theory: Predicting Wellbeing by Demands, Resources and Perceptions Among Caregivers of Older Adults
Authors: Choy Jacky C. P. , Lum Terry Y. S. , Yu Doris S. F. , Wong Gloria H. Y.
Published: January 2025

Family caregivers of older adults are at risk of high care burden and reduced quality of life. Existing research and practices had primarily focused on the caregiving dyad. However, it is often observed that multiple family members are involved in caregiving for older adults. We applied family stress theory to understand family caregiving and examined how care demands, resources, and perceptions are associated with and predict caregiver well‐being. Participants in this study were low‐income family caregivers who received caregiver allowance and provided care for an older adult with care needs in the community in Hong Kong. Two waves of data, including baseline data from 358 caregivers and 2‐year follow‐up data from a subsample of 93 caregivers, were collected. We used hierarchical regression to predict care burden and quality of life at baseline and follow‐up, respectively, by care demands, resources, and perceptions after controlling for the context of care. Results show that additional caregiving roles, quality of relationship with the older adult, and satisfaction with family support were associated with care burden and quality of life at baseline. Predictors of lower care burden at 2‐year follow‐up were discontinuation of additional caregiving roles, increase in size of caregiving family, and the use of domestic helper. Applying family stress theory to understand the caregiving process reveals the significance of additional caregiving roles, the involvement of multiple caregivers, and caregivers' perceptions about family support in enhancing caregiver well‐being, underscoring the need to focus on these factors when designing and implementing caregiver support services.
Association between base excess and mortality in septic older adults
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Miao Yuxiu , Li Fenghua , Liu Jianhua , Li Jianing , Li Na
Published: January 2025

Aim

Septic older adults represent a vulnerable population with high mortality rates. Base excess (BE), an indicator of acid–base status, may serve as a prognostic marker in sepsis.

This study aimed to investigate the association between BE and mortality in septic older adults.

Methods

A retrospective analysis included septic older adults (age ≥ 65 years) from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)‐IV database. The primary outcome was 30‐day mortality. Multivariate Cox regression models and Kaplan–Meier analysis were used to assess the association between BE and 30‐day mortality. A two‐segment linear regression model with smooth curve fitting was employed to examine threshold effects of BE on clinical outcomes.

Results

The study comprised 7379 participants, with a 21.8% 30‐day mortality rate and an 18.6% in‐hospital mortality rate. A nonlinear, U‐shaped relationship (P < 0.001) was observed between BE and 30‐day mortality in septic older adults, indicating increased risk with higher or lower BE levels. Various BE groups showed different hazard ratios for mortality: 2.7 (2.26–3.22), 1.86 (1.65–2.09), 1.41 (1.19–1.67), and 1.9 (1.4–2.58), respectively, compared with the reference group (−3 mEq/L ≤ BE < 3 mEq/L). The inflection point was calculated as 0.5 mEq/L.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest a U‐shaped relationship between BE and mortality in septic older adults, emphasizing the importance of monitoring acid–base status in sepsis management for this population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; ••: ••–••.
Health‐related quality of life in people with HIV from the multicentre CoRIS cohort in Spain: Associated factors and short‐term changes over time
Authors: Izquierdo Rebeca , Suárez‐García Inés , Marco‐Sánchez Cristina , Pérez‐Latorre Leire , Riera Melchor , Cano Joanna , Viladés Consuelo , Reus Sergio , Olalla Julián , González‐Ruano Patricia , Orviz Eva , Díaz Asunción , Moreno Santiago , Jarrín Inma ,   CoRIS cohort
Published: January 2025

Objectives

We aimed to describe health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), overall and across its dimensions, identify associated factors, and assess changes over time among people with HIV (PWH) from the Spanish multicentre CoRIS cohort.

Methods

We developed a mobile app to collect HRQoL data every 3 months using the WHOQOL‐HIV‐BREF questionnaire (31 items across six domains), among PWH followed in CoRIS in 2021–2023. Factors associated with good/very good global HRQoL and with domain‐specific mean scores were identified using multivariable logistic and linear regression, respectively.

Results

Of 414 PWH (94.2% on antiretroviral treatment, 91.1% virally suppressed), 51.2% reported good/very good HRQoL. Latin American migrants (adjusted OR: 0.60 [95% CI: 0.36; 1.00]), and participants with lower educational level (0.36 [0.21; 0.64]), a previous AIDS diagnosis (0.56 [0.29; 1.11]) and a history of non‐AIDS‐related cancers (0.40 [0.14; 1.14]) were less likely to report good/very good global HRQoL. The most affected items included sexual satisfaction, forgiveness and blame, sleep and rest, and concerns about the future, with spirituality, religion and personal beliefs as the most affected domain. Latin American origin, lower educational level and shorter (<2 years) or longer (>15 years) time since HIV diagnosis were associated with poorer HRQoL in specific domains. No significant changes in HRQoL were observed after 12 months except slightly higher scores in physical health.

Conclusions

Only half of PWH reported good/very good global HRQoL. This highlights the need to develop targeted strategies to improve HRQoL among PWH, focusing on addressing the most affected dimensions and supporting the most vulnerable groups.
Perceptions of Mental Health Challenges and Needs of Indonesian Adolescents: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Yani Desy Indra , Chua Joelle Yan Xin , Wong John Chee Meng , Pikkarainen Minna , Goh Yong Shian Shawn , Shorey Shefaly
Published: January 2025

Indonesian adolescents face an increased risk of developing mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety, largely due to insufficient mental health literacy and awareness. This lack of knowledge often leads to delayed recognition and treatment. To address this, the present descriptive qualitative study explores Indonesian adolescents' perceptions of mental health challenges and needs. Fourteen adolescents from two public schools in Indonesia were selected through purposive sampling based on their mental health literacy scores (either high or low). One‐on‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted in December 2023, and thematic analysis was used to uncover key patterns and themes. The study follows the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines. Three main themes emerged: (1) Transitioning to Adulthood: Journeys Through Emotional Turmoil and Societal Expectations, (2) Navigating Challenges: Diverse Adolescent Responses and (3) Breaking the Silence: Empowering Adolescents Through Comprehensive Mental Health Education and Support. This study found that adolescents faced specific challenges related to emotional regulation, body image and self‐esteem, academic pressure and the influence of social media. In response to these difficulties, they employed various coping mechanisms, both adaptive and maladaptive. Despite the adversities, adolescents expressed a strong desire to learn how to better manage these challenges and pursue their future career goals. These findings highlight the importance of developing culturally appropriate mental health education and support programs for Indonesian adolescents. Future studies should include a more diverse sample of adolescents and incorporate perspectives from parents and educators to gain a more comprehensive understanding of adolescent mental health in Indonesia.
Clinicians Perspectives on Effective Suicide Prevention in Secondary Care Adult Mental Health Services: An Appreciative Inquiry Approach
Authors: Holland P. , Haldane S. , Kake T.R.
Published: January 2025

Suicide is a major health issue with devastating consequences for individuals, families and communities. In New Zealand, the latest confirmed suicide rates show an increase, with young adults, males and members of the indigenous Māori and LGBTQIA+ communities particularly affected. Until recently, most of the suicide research in New Zealand focused on the general population, rather than clinical populations such as those accessing mental health services. This evidence gap is especially important in New Zealand where almost half of those who die by suicide have known involvement with mental health services. The present qualitative study explored the question: What strategies and approaches do clinicians consider effective for preventing suicide in people accessing adult secondary care community mental health services? Eleven clinicians from a large metropolitan service were interviewed individually and in a focus group. Appreciative inquiry and thematic analysis were used. This report is adherent with COREQ. Four themes were identified for suicide prevention: Understanding who the person is, and for Indigenous Māori, this included use of cultural practices; providing a range of evidence‐based prevention strategies; having an effective service structure that is part of a wider system; and suicide prevention work is important and staff need effective support. Clinicians identified strategies at the individual, family and service level for preventing suicide, most of which aligned with those recommended in the literature. There is a need for more suicide prevention research in secondary care mental health services and the effectiveness of suicide prevention in high‐rate groups such as Māori and LGBTQIA+.
Developing and Testing a Reflection Method for Implementation of a Professional Reporting Guideline in Community Nursing: Design‐Based Research
Authors: Vullings Nicole , Heinen Maud , Adriaansen Marian , Vermeulen Hester , Van Der Wees Philip , Maas Marjo
Published: January 2025

Aim

To develop a reflection method for community nurses and certified nursing assistants to support the implementation of a professional reporting guideline for nurses and certified nursing assistants in daily care and to identify its key features.

Design

Design‐based research.

Methods

This study was conducted in the Netherlands from February 2021 to April 2022. The reflection method was developed by a design group (community nurses, certified nursing assistants and a patient representative) and four test groups of nurses. Experiences of participants were explored with video recordings and observational notes from test group meetings. The data were thematically analysed to refine the reflection method and identify key features.

Results

A final reflection method was developed. We identified three main themes: (1) Impact on behaviour change, (2) group learning and (3) conditional factors for critical reflection. Seven key features emerged as essential, forming the building blocks of the reflection method: focus on critical reflection, allocate time to formulate themes, include participants from various backgrounds and organisations, ensure the group is appropriately sized, allow for sufficient time, keep it simple and attractive and stimulate the group to make the transfer of learning to their clinical practice.

Conclusions

The final method included two 2 h meetings with up to six participants and a coach. Participants learned from critical reflection and feedback to improve the reporting quality and critical assessment of daily practices, especially from colleagues with varying team affiliations and educational backgrounds.

Impact

This reflection method enables community nurses and certified nursing assistants to learn collaboratively, aligning with the ‘Nursing and Caring Reporting’ guideline and bridging the gap between research and clinical practice.

Report Method

The COREQ guideline was used.

Patient or Public Contribution

The study design facilitated close collaboration among researchers, community nurses, certified nursing assistants and clients.
Visualization of Right Adrenal Vein in Non‐Contrast‐Enhanced MDCT and Its Guiding Role for Right Adrenal Venous Sampling
Authors: Xiong Hong‐liang , Du Li , Yang Jiao , Hu Wei‐Tong , Huang Jia‐Bing , Li Yun‐De , Chen Xi , Dong Yi‐Fei
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the visualization of right adrenal vein (RAV) in non‐contrast‐enhanced multi‐detector computed tomography (MDCT) and its guiding role for right adrenal venous sampling (AVS) in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). A total of 237 patients diagnosed with PA who underwent successful AVS procedures from January 2020 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The non‐contrast‐enhanced MDCT image features of RAV included the degree of visualization and the position of RAV orifice. Subsequently, the concordance degree between RAV in non‐contrast‐enhanced MDCT and AVS images was calculated to evaluate its guiding effect for right AVS. The visualization rate of RAV in non‐contrast‐enhanced MDCT was 81.9% (n = 194), with 73.7% (n = 143) clearly displayed and 26.3% (n = 51) generally displayed. In 6.2% (n = 12) of patients who can display RAV, RAV formed a common trunk with the accessory hepatic vein and then merged into the inferior vena cava. Non‐contrast‐enhanced MDCT revealed that RAV orifice was located between the 10th thoracic vertebra (T10) and the 1st lumbar vertebra (L1), with 85.1% (n = 165) located from the lower 1/3 of T11 to the lower 1/3 of T12. The concordance of imaging anatomy of RAV between non‐contrast‐enhanced MDCT and AVS image was found to be at a high rate of 94.3% (n = 183). Non‐contrast‐enhanced MDCT provides excellent visualization of RAV and clearly depicts its anatomical characteristics. Furthermore, RAV images obtained from non‐contrast‐enhanced MDCT are highly consistent with those from AVS, indicating that interpretation of non‐contrast‐enhanced MDCT before AVS can reduce the failure rate of RAV cannulation.
Occipital bone modeling patterns during the first years of life: A preliminary histological and quantitative approach
Authors: Lozano‐Bendicho Cristina , Sánchez‐Andrés Ángeles , Martínez Ignacio , Conde‐Valverde Mercedes , Carretero José‐Miguel , Rodríguez Laura , Cirotto Nico , García‐González Rebeca
Published: January 2025

Studies of modeling processes have provided important insights in human evolutionary discipline. Most of these studies are based on facial bones and in much lesser extent on other bones such as those from the cranial vault. Thus, this study fills a gap in research by examining occipital bone modeling in subadults, adding individuals under 2 years old and expanding the sample size available to date. The sample comprise 14 subadults occipitals (4 months to 5 years) from archeological sites spanning the thirteenth to the eighteenth century. Resin replicas coated with gold were elaborated to examine the modeling patterns using scanning electron microscopy and the results of this analysis are illustrated in the modeling maps. The percentages of deposition and resorption were calculated to enable the comparison of the modeling patterns between individuals. The analysis unveiled a pattern of resorption predominance in younger individuals, shifting to deposition around 3 years old before reverting to resorption in older individuals. Symmetry in modeling processes between left and right halves of the occipital was observed, suggesting stability in bone modeling. Comparisons with previous studies showed variations in modeling patterns influenced by factors like age. Overall, this study sheds light on occipital bone modeling processes, highlighting the importance of sample size and quantitative analysis in the interpretation of modeling maps. Further research is justified to comprehensively explore occipital modeling patterns, particularly during the early stages of development.
Muscular anatomy of the forelimb of Leopardus geoffroyi: Functional and phylogenetic aspects in Feliformia, part I. Proximal forelimb
Authors: Cardozo Sergio A. , Morales Miriam M. , Ercoli Marcos D. , Aguado Luis I. , Ortiz Tejerina Agustina M.
Published: January 2025

Anatomical knowledge is fundamental for all species. In particular, myology allows a deeper understanding of ecomorphology—especially for those species hard to observe in the wild—and may be an important source for phylogenetic information. In this study, we analyzed the myological variation of the musculature of the shoulder and arm of the forelimb in species of the suborder Feliformia and its relationship with the phylogenetic history and the locomotor behavior, habitat, and predatory habits of the species within this group, using Leopardus geoffroyi as a case study. We used gross‐anatomy dissections of the shoulder and arm of three specimens of L. geoffroyi and contrasted these results to other previously described feliform species. Additionally, we optimized 15 myological characters to search for phylogenetic patterns. We present the first description and the first complete muscular maps of the forelimb shoulder and upper arm of L. geoffroyi. A small number of muscular characteristics allow L. geoffroyi to be distinguished from other feliforms, such as a possible partial division of m. biceps brachii, although they did not relate to any analyzed ecological habit. Some myological characteristics studied in this work contribute to the knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships and the morphological evolution of Feliformia. Felids are the only feliforms with a constantly present m. pectoantebrachialis (although it has been reported in some caniforms). Muscle rhomboideus capitis is present only in Felidae and Herpestidae, resembling various caniforms. Its presence could indicate a retention linked to their carnivoran ancestry. The Felidae and Hyaenidae represent two quite conservative morphotypes, as they present particular muscular configurations compared to other feliform families, but also, relatively little variation within each family. Functionally, some myological characters recorded in hyenids, L. lynx, P. uncia, A. jubatus (e.g., radio‐ulnar insertion of m. biceps brachii), distinguish them from the rest of the species of the same suborder or family, and are convergent with other carnivorans with cursorial habits (e.g., canids). The functional and evolutionary analysis of the myology of the forelimb of L. geoffroyi and the different species of the suborder Feliformia allowed a better understanding of how muscle configurations reflect functional specialization to different ways of life. The muscle maps presented here, being the first available for a small Neotropical felid, can be considered a valuable source of information, useful for future studies of comparative anatomy in neontological and paleobiological contexts.
Nutritional value and biochemical composition of two new tropical polychaete species: Potential use as feed ingredients
Authors: Wang Xi , Sui Zhihui , Xu Xiaojuan , Chai Yanchao , Wang Haiqing
Published: January 2025

Polychaetes are a promising intertidal resources due to their widespread distribution, considerable biomass, and high nutrition value. The nutritional profiles of two novel tropical polychaetes species (Marphysa sp. and Halla sp.) were determined. Additionally, comparing nutritional levels of polychaetes with other species and requirements of main aquatic animals, this study aimed to explore their potential as aquaculture feed ingredients. The results revealed that both polychaetes species are nutrient‐rich with significant interspecific variation. Marphysa sp. showed higher protein, total essential amino acid (EAA) ratio (17.32 ± 0.46 mg/g), lipid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 10.99%), α‐Linolenic acid (ALA; 1.25%), ash and energy content compared to Halla sp. (p < 0.05). Conversely, Halla sp. had a significantly higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 5.68%) index compared to Marphysa sp. (DHA; 2.57%). Meanwhile, the levels of macroelements (K, Ca, Na) and trace elements (Mg, Mn, Cu) also exhibited differences in the two species. Compared with other polychaetes and aquatic feed, both Marphysa sp. and Halla sp. are promising high‐quality feed ingredients, as they contain high levels of minerals, essential amino acids, and beneficial lipid profiles. This study will support the identification of alternative substitutes to meet the growing demand for aquafeed ingredients.
Governance framework for access and benefit sharing in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region
Authors: James Nishmma , Thiruthy Narendran
Published: January 2025

The Hindu Kush Himalayas (HKH) are of global significance, characterised by immense ecological, cultural, and biological importance spanning over eight South Asian countries. The region is home to a vast repository of genetic resources (GR) and traditional knowledge (TK) that transcend geopolitical boundaries, rendering them prone to uncompensated bioprospecting. The transboundary nature of these resources presents challenges for ensuring fair and equitable sharing of benefits and preventing biopiracy. To safeguard biodiversity and protect the interests of local communities, effective access and benefit sharing (ABS) measures need to be put in place. Therefore collaborative efforts of the countries in the region are crucial. This paper tries to elucidate the complexities inherent to the region and analyse the existing international and national legal framework to address ABS and collaboration between the countries when it comes to transboundary GR and associated TK. An attempt is also made to identify a possible solution within the current legal regime under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) framework.
Dietary fats and cardiometabolic health—from public health to personalised nutrition: ‘One for all’ and ‘all for one’
Authors: Lovegrove Julie Anne
Published: January 2025

This paper provides a summary of the 2023 British Nutrition Foundation Annual Lecture by Professor Julie Lovegrove. Professor Lovegrove is the head of the Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition at the University of Reading. Professor Lovegrove, who was nominated for the BNF Prize for her outstanding contribution to nutritional sciences has published over 300 scientific papers and made a major contribution to establishing the relevance of dietary fat quality in the development and prevention of cardiometabolic disease.
Measure Subtrochanteric Osteotomy in Unilateral Crowe‐IV Dysplasia‐Surgical Technique
Authors: Zhao Runkai , Wang Yiming , Liu Te , Ren Haichao , Zhao Runzhi , Feng Zeyu , Li Pengcheng , Yang Shuai , Lu Juntao , Fan Menglin , Ji Quanbo , Zhang Guoqiang
Published: January 2025

Objective

Determining the optimal osteotomy length for patients with unilateral Crowe‐IV developmental dysplasia of the hip undergoing subtrochanteric osteotomy remains challenging due to the significant variability in pelvic and spinal alignment. Incorrect osteotomy length, compounded by pelvic or spinal tilt, can adversely affect postoperative gait and long‐term outcomes. Therefore, this study could introduce a method to calculate the osteotomy length for patients with unilateral Crowe‐IV developmental dysplasia of the hip, correcting spinal and pelvic tilt, and improving patient gait.

Methods

This is a retrospective study that included 28 patients with unilateral Crowe‐IV developmental dysplasia of the hip collected from June 2019 to June 2020, who underwent total hip arthroplasty with measured subtrochanteric osteotomy technique. The average follow‐up period was 4.3 years (last follow‐up). Harris scores, pelvic tilt angles represented by iliac obliquity angle (IO) and sacral obliquity angle (SO), and postoperative complications were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using independent sample t‐tests for normally distributed data and the Mann–Whitney U test for non‐normally distributed data.

Results

Postoperatively, pelvic tilt angles improved significantly. The comparison of preoperative and postoperative 3‐month IO angles (8.77° ± 3.31° vs. 5.28° ± 2.29°, p = 0.00), and postoperative 3‐month and last follow‐up (5.28° ± 2.29° vs. 2.88° ± 1.39°, p = 0.00) showed statistically significant differences. Similarly, the comparison of preoperative and postoperative 3‐month SO angles (9.56° ± 3.1° vs. 5.81° ± 2.78°, p = 0.00), and postoperative 3‐month and last follow‐up (5.81 °± 2.78° vs. 3.59° ± 1.72°, p = 0.00) showed statistically significant differences. Harris scores significantly improved from preoperative to 1‐year postoperative (47.35 ± 12.32 vs. 80.5 ± 7.81, p = 0.00), and from 1‐year postoperative to last follow‐up (80.5 ± 7.81 vs. 90.78 ± 2.86, p = 0.00) with statistical significance. There were no significant differences in adverse event rates between the two groups.

Conclusion

Total hip arthroplasty combined with measurement subtrochanteric osteotomy technique improves pelvic tilt and Harris scores in Crowe‐IV developmental dysplasia patients. This technique may serve as a guideline for determining resection length.
Starting and Stopping Wars
Authors: Lang Gerald
Published: January 2025

If a warring side may fight in pursuit of an aim up to some proportionality‐respecting limit, then an important question is whether that side is morally required to stop fighting when it reaches that limit, despite not yet having attained its aim. The ‘Quota View’ answers this question affirmatively, while other views hold that the fighting may continue just as long as the projected future losses fall within certain limits. I criticize some of these other views, as well as a further argument that can be distilled from these sources, and advance a qualified version of the Quota View.
Spatial and Temporal Regulation of Flower Coloration in Cymbidium lowianum
Authors: Dong Xiu‐Mei , Zhang Wei , Tu Mengling , Zhang Shi‐Bao
Published: January 2025

Flower color is a crucial trait that attracts pollinators and determines the ornamental value of floral crops. Cymbidium lowianum, one of the most important breeding parent of Cymbidium hybrids, has two flower morphs (normal and albino) that differ in flower lip color. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color formation in C. lowianum are not well understood. In this study, comparative metabolomic analysis between normal and albino flower lip tissues indicated that cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside content was significantly higher in red epichiles than in other lip tissues. This finding suggests that cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside is responsible for color variation and differentiation in the lip in C. lowianum. We also found that red coloration in C. lowianum flower is correlated with high levels of F3'H expression; further, anthocyanins, carotenoids and chlorophyll coordinate to influence sepal and petal coloration during flower development. In transgenic Arabidopsis lines, overexpression of F3'H increased anthocyanin concentration, overexpression of BCH increased carotenoid concentration, whereas overexpression of HEMG and CHLI both increased chlorophyll concentration. Identification and assessment of several transcription factors revealed that MYB308‐1 activates BCH, MYB111 and PIF4‐2 activate HEMG and CHLI expression during flower development. Importantly, MYB14‐1 shows interaction with PIF4‐2, and appears to act as a connector between anthocyanin and chlorophyll biosynthesis by either activating F3'H expression or inhibiting CHLI expression. These results indicate that, in C. lowianum, variation in flower color and differentiation of lip color patterns are primarily regulated by the types and concentrations of flavonoids; further, carotenoids and chlorophyll also influence flower coloration during development.
Similarity accounts of counterfactuals: A reality check1
Authors: Hájek Alan
Published: January 2025

To an unusual extent, philosophers agree that counterfactuals have truth conditions involving the most similar possible worlds where their antecedents are true, in the style of the celebrated and path‐breaking Stalnaker/Lewis accounts. Roughly, these accounts say that the counterfactual if A were the case, C would be the case is true if and only if at the most similar A‐worlds, C is true. I will argue that there are general structural problems with the appeals to both “the most” and “similar”. I will challenge any fixation on ‘the most __ worlds’, however we fill in the blank with a non‐trivial ordering of worlds: in ignoring worlds that are later in the ordering, it adjudicates various implausibly specific counterfactuals to be true. I will then raise foundational problems for appealing to ‘similarity’—from consequents that are chancy, disjunctive antecedents, and unspecific antecedents more generally. I will also raise further problems for a number of specific proposals for understanding ‘similarity’. A recurring theme will be the tension that may arise between probability and similarity considerations. I will end by arguing for a paradigm shift, replacing ‘the most similar worlds’ approach with one based on conditional chances.
Use of stored carbon for new organ development in apple saplings in early spring for two consecutive years after 13C labelling
Authors: Imada Shogo , Tako Yasuhiro
Published: January 2025

The use of stored carbon is essential for new organ development in deciduous trees during early spring. However, the contribution of carbon to the development of new organs in early spring of subsequent years is not well understood. Using a 13C labelling approach, we investigated the reallocation of assimilated carbon into new aboveground organs on apple (Malus domestica) saplings in the following two years. Eight three‐year‐old potted saplings were exposed to 13CO2 in an exposure chamber on each of eight different dates during the growth season. Some of the trees were harvested in the late autumn of the same year. The remaining trees were transferred to a field and cultivated during the two following growing seasons. We directly showed that the assimilated 13C was used to develop terminal and flower buds for two consecutive years after labelling. The proportions of the concentration of 13C remobilized to the terminal and flower buds in the second year were 5 and 24% of those in the first year after labelling, respectively. The concentration of assimilated 13C was higher in the terminal buds than in the flower buds in the first year after the labelling, while opposite results were found in the second year. This study demonstrates that the stored carbon used for the development of new organs was a mixture of recent‐ and old‐stored carbon and indicates that recently‐stored carbon was preferentially used to develop new organs. We also indicated that the stored carbon was remobilized to flower buds during development.
Restoration of animal forests: a novel transplantion method for coastal octocorals in the NE Atlantic
Authors: Padrão Nuno M. , Mourato Carolina V. , Rakka Maria , Serrao Ester A. , Paulo Diogo
Published: January 2025

Octocorals are among the main habitat‐engineering species, generating complex three‐dimensional ecosystems of unquestioned importance. Despite their importance, octocoral habitats have dramatically declined in the last decades due to several stressors. Consequently, octocoral gardens are internationally recognized as Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems. In the last decade, several octocoral restoration methodologies were the object of study, yet long‐term success was sparsely achieved or lacked assessment. To reverse the actual scenario, it is important to develop cost‐efficient methodologies to recover impacted, endangered octocoral habitats. In this 4‐year study, we developed and tested the Direct Substrate Attachment (DSA) method. This novel octocoral transplant method was trialed with two size classes of the species Paramuricea grayi and extended with a third class (20–40 cm) using Leptogorgia sarmentosa. With a recorded 95% attachment success, yearly annual positive growth, and a survival of 75% after 4 years, we prove the suitability of the DSA methodology in habitat restoration. Moreover, transplant size did not influence success; all transplants had verifiable holdfast and growth rates of up to 8.34 ± 1.7 cm. Seasonal growth and health status were monitored and compared to further assess the success of the transplant. The transplant performed with the DSA method is to date the first successful octocoral transplant in the Atlantic temperate seas with proven long‐term success. The results achieved are especially important in a moment where ecological degradation and mitigation efforts are a hot topic among decision‐makers. Using the DSA methodology, octocoral transplantation is possible and should be considered in conservation and restoration efforts.
Litigating the Fit for 55 Package: Statutory and rights‐based challenges to national energy and climate plans as a means of implementing and/or enhancing the ambition of the EU's Fit for 55 Package
Authors: Kelleher Orla , Daly Clodagh
Published: January 2025

Despite the growing recognition of climate change's impact on human rights, it is not clear that the Fit for 55 Package has been informed by human rights. This prompts questions as to whether human rights arguments might therefore be used in the next wave of EU level climate litigation. This article draws together different threads in climate litigation—‘framework’ cases, the human rights turn, and climate plan‐based challenges—to explore how the EU's procedural governance mechanisms together with fundamental rights could be used to ensure implementation of, or to enhance the ambition of, the EU's Fit for 55 Package. Specifically, the article examines how litigation relating to National Energy and Climate Plans could be used to ensure policies and measures are implemented to meet existing targets or to push for greater ambition in the EU's Fit for 55 Package.
Robust Local Governance Responses in the Context of Turbulence: The Case of Collaborative and Co‐Created COVID‐19 Pandemic Responses in Two Local Authority Areas in England
Authors: Blamire Joshua , Rees James
Published: January 2025

The COVID‐19 pandemic required local and national governments to respond urgently and rapidly to new and unprecedented challenges. According to an influential strand of literature within public administration, public agencies must exhibit robust governance strategies to tackle the unpredictability, instability and complexity of a turbulent event such as the COVID‐19. In the face of turbulence, robust governance is characterised by adaptability, agility and innovation and co‐creating with partners and communities, while governance systems must evolve so that they perform more effectively in the future. This paper examines how two local authorities in England responded to the pandemic. We draw upon a novel qualitative dataset obtained through privileged access to senior council staff, elected members and council partners. Both ‘Metaltown’ (North West) and ‘Milltown’ (West Midlands) were poised, at the outset of the pandemic, to be badly hit by COVID‐19 due to their population characteristics, relative deprivation and occupational structures, and the areas did experience some of the highest numbers of infection rates and coronavirus‐related deaths. The two local responses both entailed multi‐agency action with the local authority working alongside partners in the police, emergency services, health, education, transport and housing sectors, with private enterprise and with community groups to manage the challenges. Although we observed robust governance strategies, this occurred in the absence of any deliberate policy design at the national level. Instead, the responses were locally determined, fit for purpose and adaptive in response to challenges that emerged on the ground. The findings suggest a need to modify the robust governance framework to better account for contextually specific circumstances. This has implications for how local and national governments respond to current and future challenges, such as the ongoing cost‐of‐living and climate crises.
Dosimetry of Continuous Random Motion in High Dose Rate Strontium‐90 Plesiotherapy
Authors: Selting Kim A , Schutte Jenny , Sarol Jesus N , Maitz Charles A , Morimoto Celina , Yee Jennifer , Najjar Waleed Al , Aldelaijan Saad I , Lattimer Jim C
Published: January 2025

Strontium‐90 plesiotherapy delivers high doses of radiation to superficial lesions (<3 mm depth) with excellent sparing of deeper tissues. The sealed‐source applicator tip is circular and 8–10 mm in diameter. Larger treatment fields are treated with multiple overlapping fields. The applicator cannot conform to angular extensions of irregularly shaped fields, resulting in unnecessary treatment of normal tissue, and overlapping fields can overdose in some areas. With strontium‐90 sources that have high activity and thus a high dose rate, small variations in duration and position of placement can be even more consequential. This prospective investigation used radiochromic film to evaluate the dosimetry of adjacent, static, overlapping fields compared with that of the same target area treated with the applicator in continuous motion intended to achieve the prescribed exposure to all points within the target. The intent was to minimize over‐ and underdosed areas. Three shapes of target field were used: single 2 cm circle, curvilinear field, and cloverleaf. Application times were calculated to deliver the dose to the surface, and the procedure was repeated by four operators for qualitative evaluation (1 Gy/100 cGy to target) and four operators to generate quantitative data (5 Gy/500 cGy to target). We found significant differences between methods among operators, dependent on the number of fields, and in dose drop‐off at the margin of the treated field. In almost every comparison, continuous motion was more homogenous (p ≤ .01 for standard deviation from expected dose). The continuous motion technique can be used for strontium plesiotherapy when the applicator must be held.
Treatment of antebrachial deformities secondary to premature closure of the distal radial physis using circular external skeletal fixation and distraction osteogenesis in skeletally immature dogs
Authors: de Moya Kevin A. , Gauthier Christopher M. , Radasch Robert M. , Lewis Dan D. , Kim Stanley , Palmer Ross H. , Bleedorn Jason
Published: January 2025

Objective

To report clinical outcomes of skeletally immature dogs with antebrachial deformities secondary to premature closure of the distal radial physis (PCDRP) treated with angular corrections and distraction osteogenesis using circular external skeletal fixation (CESF).

Study design

Retrospective multi‐institutional case series.

Animals

A total of 12 client‐owned dogs with premature distal radial physeal closure.

Methods

Medical records from four hospitals between 2009 and 2022 were reviewed. Preoperative and final radiographic measurements of limb alignment and osteoarthritis were compared. Long‐term outcomes were obtained using an owner questionnaire.

Results

Mean ± SD age and bodyweight were 7.5 ± 1.7 months and 12.8 ± 11.1 kg. Distal radial corrective osteotomies and distraction osteogenesis were performed in all dogs. Mean ± SD time between surgery and fixator removal was 78 ± 20 days. Uncomplicated osseous union was documented in 9/12 dogs. Final mean affected limb anatomic lateral distal radial angle (aLDRA) of 85.6° was higher than preoperative values 71.6° and within reported normal ranges. A total of 10 of 12 dogs had mild non‐progressive elbow osteoarthritis at final follow up, including two dogs with mild residual elbow incongruity. Major complications occurred in two dogs and included permanent carpal flexor contracture and radial fracture through a pin tract. Minor complications including persistent loss of carpal extension, radioulnar synostosis, and pin tract drainage occurred in 10/12 dogs. Owner questionnaires were obtained from 8/12 dogs and all reported good to excellent function.

Conclusion

Angular correction and lengthening using CESF can achieve target alignment and improved clinical function with moderate complications in growing dogs with PCDRP.

Clinical significance

Distraction osteogenesis and angular corrections can be considered as a treatment option for PCDRP in skeletally immature dogs.
Research Progress on Digital Reading Behavior: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Yang Yang , Adnan Hamedi Mohd , Javed Muhammad Naeem
Published: January 2025

Digital reading uses a screen as the primary medium for reading, distinguishing it from traditional paper-based reading. About 5.2 billion people worldwide use electronic devices to connect to the Internet, which has become the basis for the development of digital reading. Although there are currently bibliometric studies on digital reading and digital literacy, there is still a lack of information regarding digital reading behavior. This study employs VOSviewer software to conduct an in-depth bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science database, following the PRISMA guidelines for literature review studies. Drawing on 312 articles as research data, the study identified Chen as the leading researcher in digital reading behavior, as a result of publication volume, the number of references, and citation impact. China and the UNITED STATES are the most frequently cited countries on digital reading behavior. The Electronic Library, Computers & Education, and Frontiers in Psychology are the top three journals regarding productivity and references in works related to digital reading behavior. Extant research mainly focuses on four primary topics: digital reading literacy based on meta-cognitive strategies, the effect of information and communication technology on digital reading performance, digital reading intentions under the technology acceptance model, and digital reading strategy optimization with eye-tracking technology. This bibliometric analysis provides a nuanced understanding of the research landscape on digital reading behaviors, offering new insights within the existing literature through a comprehensive examination of researchers, publications, and critical themes.
The Hidden Cost of Warmth: Examining the Compensation Effect in a Cluttered Advertising Context
Authors: Kim Taemin , Lee SoYoung
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the negative consequences of warmth appeal in advertising, particularly in competitive cluttered contexts where consumers encounter multiple advertisements with varying warmth levels. Drawing upon the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), which suggests an inverse relationship between perceptions of warmth and competence, the study explores the "compensation effect", where increased perceptions of warmth lead to reduced perceptions of competence. Specifically, this study explores how advertisement exposure conditions (single advertisement vs. competitive clutter) with varying warmth levels affect consumer perceptions and purchase intention. The findings reveal that advertisements with high warmth appeal, when presented alongside advertisements with low warmth appeal, result in lower purchase intention owing to reduced perceptions of brand competence. Additionally, consumers’ self-monitoring was found to moderate these effects, with high self-monitoring exhibiting more pronounced negative reactions in a cluttered advertising context. These findings highlight the importance of strategically using warmth appeal, especially in competitive settings, and considering individual differences in consumer behavior, such as self-monitoring. This study offers valuable insights for advertisers and marketers to optimize warmth-based strategies in cluttered advertising environments.
The Impact of Ankle Plantar-Flexor Muscle Strength on Sprint Acceleration in Floorball Players
Authors: Vecbērza Līga , Šmite Zane , Plakane Līga , Ābeļkalns Ilvis
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Speed is a crucial physical characteristic where each lower-limb ankle plantar-flexor (PF) muscle needs to generate significant force; however, there is limited evidence about the relationship between single-limb isometric, and reactive strength forms, and linear sprint. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the maximal unilateral isometric strength of the ankle PF muscle and reactive strength on sprint acceleration performance. Material and Methods: Thirty-two male floorball players (mean [SD] age 20.3 [3.0] y, height 181.5 [8.5] cm, body mass 77.4 [12.2] kg, and body mass index 22.3 [2.8]) from 2 clubs in the highest division in Latvia performed 20-m linear sprint, unilateral 10/5 repeated jump (reactive strength index [RSI]), ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion, and isometric seated plantar-flexion strength tests, where all data were used for correlational analysis. Results: Unilateral RSI was associated with 20-m sprint time (r = −.52, P < .01) and average speed from 10 to 20 m (r = .72, P < .01). Relative PF strength was associated with unilateral RSI (r = .35, P < .05) and 20-m sprint time (r = −.36, P < .05), whereas ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion was associated with unilateral RSI jump height (r = .47, P < .05). Conclusions: Floorball athletes with higher unilateral RSI and isometric PF muscle strength tend to accelerate faster, but subjects with better ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion jump higher in vertical repeated jumps. These findings suggest that both reactive and isometric strength are key indicators for sprint acceleration performance in floorball athletes, providing coaches with tools to monitor and improve performance.