bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embodiment and Black Religion: Rethinking the Body in African American Religious Experience
Authors: Writing Collective CERCL
Published: February 2023

This volume builds on scholarship by scholars of African American religion that emphasizes the centrality of the body in religion and religious experience. The argument is grounded in Anthony Pinn’s understanding of religion as an embodied quest for complex subjectivity, or push for more life meaning. But if Pinn’s theory gets at what religion is, this volume picks up where he left off by giving careful consideration to religion’s forms. It interrogates the embodied nature of the quest for complex subjectivity. Through placing different theories of the body in conversation with specific case studies that reflect the variety of ways in which bodies are entangled and engaged in struggles for life meaning, the authors argue that African American religion takes on various forms, including modes of cultural production as well as mundane, everyday rituals and practices. The volume expands current scholarship on African American religion and embodiment by going beyond an understanding of black religion as the “Black Church” and underscoring the variety of religious experiences, in both marginal religious traditions and in non-traditional forms of religion. The sustained and rigorous attention to theories of the body in this volume allows for a more robust understanding of what the body is and takes scholarship beyond the implicit understandings of the body as solely discursive. Finally, the approach is interdisciplinary. While grounded in Religious Studies, this book puts various theories and methodologies—from the social sciences to philosophy, and from visual studies to literary studies—in conversation with the religious experiences of African Americans.
Znaczenie czynnika kulturowego w polityce bezpieczeństwa państwa
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Sawicka Zofia
Published: February 2023

The article aims to show the influence of culture on issues related to the state security policy at its various levels. The analysis carried out in the article compares selected actions of states in the internal and international arena in the field of security policy with Geert Hofstede's theory of cultural dimensions and the theory of Edward T. Hall. Its result shows that the cultural aspect plays a great role at each level of the state security strategy. Culture not only defines what values will be protected, but also has an impact on the means by which this goal will be achieved. The literature used in the article shows the emerging interest among researchers in issues related to security in a new view of culture, how it influences the phenomena discussed in the work and the role that culture can play in building security systems.
Kwestie społeczne w myśli politycznej Donalda Tuska
Authors:   Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie, Polska, Tomal Łukasz
Published: February 2023

Donald Tusk is one of the key players on Polish political scene. His comeback had significant impact on the Poland politic in terms of the dynamics and existing emotional aspects. Upcoming elections in 2023 and all challenges before are giving an opportunity for comprehensive analysis of the fundamentals on which Donald Tusk’s political beliefs are based on. Author of this article is focusing on aforementioned because of present economic and social situation, price increase, inflation and increasing poverty. In the beginning of the career former Prime Minister and President of the European Council was strongly following liberalism and supporting decentralization, denying that the process of planning and decision-making is concentrated within a particular political group. While being a Prime Minster, Donald Tusk had changed a bit his political attitude, taking into consideration political situation at that time and potential electorate. However he was still strongly showing his disapprove towards conception of welfare state and promoting that citizens should be proactive so their living conditions could improve.
Stare i nowe wyzwania wobec kooperatyzmu
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Cwynar Katarzyna M.
Published: February 2023

The article concerns the legitimacy of cooperatism in the perspective of civilization changes. The author points to the hitherto tasks posed to cooperatism in the economic, socio-cultural and political spheres. Emphasising their topicality, she also sees the need to include nature conservation activities in the activities of cooperatives. The confrontation of the ideological assumptions underpinning cooperative activity with the contemporary challenges of poverty, democracy formation and environmental protection forms the basis for the conclusion on the current relevance of cooperatism.
Etyka dziennikarzy w opinii studentów kierunku dziennikarstwo i komunikacja społeczna Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Czopek Jakub
Published: February 2023

Journalism, as a form of public service, requires for the journalists to be guided by specific rules of professional ethics. The quality of journalistic messages depends on it, and thus also the way in which the recipients of these messages learn about reality. The aim of the research presented in the article was to find out the opinions of journalism students on how they perceive journalists in terms of the ethical principles they apply in their work. The research covered students of journalism and social communication at the University of Rzeszów. The results of the research shows that this assessment is relatively critical – journalists are perceived as occasionally breaking certain standards and guided by both the social interest and the pragmatical development of their own careers.
Design and simulation of a thermal neutron beam for neutron capture studies at the Dalat research reactor
Authors: Trinh Thi Tu Anh , Pham Dang Quyet , Pham Ngoc Son , Phan Bao Quoc Hieu , Nguyen Thi Minh Sang , Cao Dong Vu
Published: February 2023

This paper presents the application of the MCNP5 code to conduct a modification design and simulation of a thermal neutron beam for neutron capture studies at the Dalat Nuclear Research Reactor (DNRR). The designed configuration of the horizontal neutron channel No.2 at the DNRR, which contains a conical collimator of 240.3 cm in length, and neutron filters of crystal Al2O3 and Bi with alternative thickness, were simulated. A pure thermal neutron beam can be obtained at the irradiation position when a composition of crystal filter of 20 cm Al2O3 and 6 cm Bi is employed. The thermal and epithermal neutron fluxes are 1.02´108 n/cm2/s (account for 97.92% of total neutron flux) and 0.22´107 n/cm2/s (account for 2.08% of total neutron flux), respectively.
Facile Approach for Omniphobic and Anti-icing on Fe Surface
Authors: Nguyen Thanh-Binh , Boudkhamchampa Khamla , Bui Thi Trang , Dang Minh Hung
Published: February 2023

The functionalized process refers to a new concept, which aims to modify the physical and chemical properties of the original surface for specific purposes. Hence, the functional surfaces will introduce the desired properties that can not be found in the original material. The various applications might be named liquid repellent, anti-icing, anti-reflection, water harvesting, anti-biofouling, etc. This study proposes a simple and fast fabrication method based on etching incorporated with low surface energy chemical compound coating to functionalize the Iron (Fe) surface for omniphobic and anti-icing characteristics. After being functionalized, the surface reveals an omniphobic state with various liquids and extremely low adhesion to ice bulk. The research might suggest solutions for manufacturing functional surfaces oriented to outdoor applications such as windshields, rearview mirrors, anti-fouling surfaces, etc
Ewolucja społeczności międzynarodowej w nowej dynamice stosunków międzynarodowych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Bryc Agnieszka
Published: February 2023

In the classical meaning, the international society consisting of sovereign states plays a role of an international environment in the international system. Taking into consideration the dynamic transformation in the world politics after the Cold War, globalization, the strengthened international interdependence in its vertical, as well as horizontal realms, and the institutionalization of international social and political spheres fuels the discussion about the future of the international society, its inner structural changes, common norms, values, and rules. The thesis of the paper is the claim that the changes in international state-society reflecting the dynamic of world politics and the global trends do change the character of the international society, but do not change its essence. A growing and seemingly lasting process is strengthening the role of culture and identity in shaping the new structure of the international society.
E-learning jako dyfuzja innowacji na obszarach wiejskich Unii Europejskiej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Kaleta Andrzej
Published: February 2023

Early observations show that the introduction of e-learning to the rural areas of the EU has brought fewer advantages than had initially been expected. Results of international research – interpreted by means of the sociological theory of diffusion – indicate that economic profitability does not have much influence on the pace of disseminating that innovation since rural inhabitants – both those following e-learning courses as well as those who have not yet done so – largely feel that that type of education has a variety of advantages including the lowering of its costs. It seems that its social profitability has a crucial influence on the poor dissemination of this new form of teaching and learning. E-learning has not yet found its niche in the value systems or educational experiences of Europe’s rural populations, since – rather like other forms of education – it does not automatically improve the capability of coping with current day-to-day problems. A better adaptation to the needs of rural inhabitants through the perception of various types of deficits hindering the usage of this type of education is intended by the so-called innovative e-learning, implementing new and generally innovative solutions to the pedagogical, technological and organisational fields which overcome existing limitations through a greater flexibility of ways of potential participants accessing e-learning proposals as well as greater adaptation to individual needs.
A piecewise quadratic interpolation method for a tabulated function with a continuous first derivative based on a linear combination of centrally symmetric parabolas
Authors: Badalyan Norayr , Sbitnev Stanislav , Molokin Yurij , Chaschin Yevgeny , Shmelev Vyacheslav
Published: February 2023

In engineering practice, it is often necessary to deal with reference and experimental data, in particular, with tabulated functional dependencies. In the course of performing technical calculations, it is often necessary to interpolate these dependencies to intermediate argument values that do not have tabular values. To reduce the error in determining the values of tabulated functions, it is customary to increase the number of array points to real values, which is not always possible. Or, in standard algorithms, before calculating the interpolating expression, logical operations are required to determine which segment the argument of the evaluated function belongs to. This significantly increases the cost of machine time. A new method of piecewise quadratic interpolation of a tabulated function with a continuous first derivative is proposed, based on a linear combination of modified centrally symmetric parabolas, which does not require logical operations to determine a partial segment of the grid of argument values during calculations. An original method of weighted minimization of the "swing" effect for uneven grids of argument values is proposed. A computational experiment was performed in the MATLAB system using the typical piecewise cubic Hermitian interpolation method with continuous first derivative pchip. Using the example of well-known reference data specifying tabular values of the main magnetization curve of sheet electrical steel 1571, the high numerical stability of the proposed method with respect to the "swing" effect and technical flexibility in its application to solve practical problems of processing tabular functional dependencies on substantially uneven grids of argument values, including with a small number of tabular points.
Oil sludge neutralization methods. Neutralization of oil sludge by incineration
Authors: Yakusheva Anna
Published: February 2023

Oil sludge is a solid or pasty oil-containing waste, which is a heterophase system of organic, water and mineral parts in the form of sand, dust, silt, metal compounds, the ratio of which varies over a very wide range. Oil sludge is formed during the construction of oil and gas wells, during the direct extraction of a useful component, during oil refining, and during the purification of
oil-polluted waters and reservoirs.
This is a waste that is generated in large enough quantities, for the placement of which areas are alienated for the organization of oil sludge pits, which leads to significant costs for organizations to pay for waste storage. Also, during such storage, damage is also caused to the environment due to the evaporation of oil products from the areas, pollution of soil and water in case of loss of integrity by the insulating material.
The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effectiveness of oil sludge neutralization by burning at a temperature of 900°C and to assess the safety of using the resulting ash as a secondary resource for technical needs in oil fields.
The following indicators of oil sludge were determined by the author: the amount of oil and oil products — by the gravimetric method, humidity — by the thermogravimetric method, and the content of gross (As, Sb, Sn) and mobile (Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb) forms of heavy metals — by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry.
Based on the nature of the thermogravimetric curve, one can judge the absence of oil and oil products in the ash. When analyzing the content of heavy metals in the ash, a slight excess of the MPC for arsenic (2.77 mg/kg versus 2 mg/kg) and more than 2.5 times for nickel (10.5 mg/kg versus 4 mg/kg), therefore, before using the ash for industrial needs, involving contact with the ground, the ash must be mixed, for example, with sand, in a ratio of 1:2.6, respectively.
Effectiveness of public discussions as an perspective instrument of strategic environmental assessment in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kuznetsova Mariya , Ledashcheva Tatʹyana , Pinaev Vladimir
Published: February 2023

The authors present an assessment of the effectiveness of public discussions as a potential tool for implementing the goals and objectives of strategic environmental assessment in the Russian Federation. The practice of applying strategic environmental assessment both on the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad is considered. The assessment was based on the analysis of 24 minutes of public discussions in 10 administrative districts of the Russian Federation. The approach proposed for analysis will reveal the level of development of civil society and public initiatives in the development of regions, determine public awareness of the possibilities of regulating the conditions and quality of life of the population. Answers were received to the questions posed during the evaluation (the degree of public interest in participating in public discussions, attendance and structure of participants). As a result of the work done, the ineffectiveness of the current system of conducting public discussions as a tool for implementing strategic environmental assessment in the Russian Federation, methods of its optimization and adaptation were proposed to increase the degree of public influence on the final result and increase public interest in making key management decisions was assessed. The problems of strategic environmental assessment in general have been identified. The foreign experience of strategic environmental assessment is considered. The existing mechanisms of integration of the public into the process of approval of project documentation are considered and analyzed. The patterns of geographical distribution of public interests are revealed — the interests of those present are directly related to the overall level of socio-economic development of the region and are dictated by its current social needs. The socio-cultural problems in the context of the studied problem are identified, the prevailing trends in the regulatory framework of public discussions are identified.
Modeling of the socio-ecological and economic system of the city for the development of a sustainable development strategy
Authors: Lesun Ekaterina , Ledashcheva Tatʹyana , Pinaev Vladimir
Published: February 2023

The article demonstrates the application of the methodology of cognitive modeling of the socio-ecological and economic system of the city for the development of a sustainable development strategy on the example of Norilsk, conclusions about the priority directions of the city development are obtained.
The active process of urbanization leads to the aggravation of social, economic and environmental problems of the territory. The urban areas of the Arctic region are particularly vulnerable. Most of the cities in this area are single-industry towns of an industrial nature, the
city-forming enterprises of which are primarily engaged in mining, which leads to active pollution of the natural environment. The development of a strategy for the sustainable development of the city, based on a systematic approach that takes into account the diversity and mutual influence of social, economic and environmental aspects, should contribute to the effective solution of existing problems and the stable development of the city. One of the effective ways to implement a systematic approach is cognitive modeling, which allows you to predict development, identify problematic aspects and choose optimal solutions for managing the socio-ecological and economic system that the city represents.
In the course of the study, the authors selected 27 indicators of sustainable development for the city of Norilsk, and based on open information about indicators and dynamics of their development, a weighted oriented graph was developed for the socio-ecological and economic system of the city, on the basis of which the weights of development indicators were calculated and analyzed. As a result, the indicators that need to be developed in the first place were identified and concrete actions for managing the development of the territory were proposed.
Development of a strategy for managing medical waste management in the Russian Federation
Authors: Zinchenko Anastasia
Published: February 2023

The problem of waste in the world is almost the most urgent and painful, we constantly see overflowing garbage cans, mountains and rivers of garbage, etc. on the Internet and on the streets. The era of the COVID-19 pandemic brought into our lives the understanding that there is a problem not only with the disposal of household and industrial waste, but also the problem of the disposal of medical waste and, in general, the sphere of handling this waste has become no less important and popular. The article presents an analysis of the experience with medical waste in foreign countries, as well as in the Russian Federation. The approaches in the field of medical waste management in Europe, the USA, and Africa are analyzed. The state of scientific research in Russia is analyzed, and a comparative analysis of the World Health Organization and Russia guidance document is carried out. The problems of legal regulation and regulation of medical waste and its place in the legal system are considered. Medical waste occupies a special place in our country, due to the specificity of the sphere of handling this waste, a large number of issues arise in practice, which are difficult to solve in the daily work of both medical institutions and waste disposal companies. The study identified negative and positive trends in the waste management system in Russia and developed a strategy (basic principles) to improve the functioning of the medical waste management system in our country, taking into account current legislation.
Carbon footprint of the Novosibirsk region Waste sector
Authors: Krivosheeva Olga , Filimonova Irina , Mishenin Mikhail , Ivershin Anastasia
Published: February 2023

To achieve carbon neutrality in Russia by 2060, it is necessary to regulate the volume of greenhouse gases at the regional level. Among all regions of Russia, the balance of greenhouse gases by sectors of the economy is calculated only for the Sakhalin region. The study of this article aims to assess the level of greenhouse gas emissions from the Waste sector in Novosibirsk region, taking into account territorial and sectoral characteristics. During the study, the authors used the methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Russia № 15p, through which the authors evaluated methane (CH4) and nitrogen oxide (N2O) emissions from solid waste disposal and from the treatment of liquid waste and effluents. Greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 were 1.57 mln. t CO2 equivalent, including 1.09 mln. t CO2-equivalent from solid waste disposal and 0.48 mln. t CO2 equivalent from liquid waste and sewage treatment. The main contributor to the growth of greenhouse gas emissions was emissions from solid municipal waste disposal, increasing by 0.06 million tons of CO2-equivalent over the past four years. Analysis of the current state and calculation has shown that the Novosibirsk Region has a low level of infrastructure development for separate waste collection, capacities of waste-sorting plants, as well as equipment of the centralized sewage system and quality of waste and effluent treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce resource-saving and low-waste technology, the formation of a closed-cycle economy, the implementation of the transition to the multi-container separate collection of waste. It is advisable to disseminate technologies for collection of landfill gas and its use as fuel, the direction of organic waste for the production of commercial compost, biogas or feed and feed additives, as well as the development of technologies for obtaining biochar from organic waste and its further use in agriculture.
Conceptual failure of post-Soviet integration
Authors: Bagdasaryan Kniaz
Published: February 2023

This work makes an attempt to retrospectively analyze and systematize the trade and political approaches and defining motives of the post-Soviet states in the formation of foreign economic relations. A systematic analysis of the emerging situation and the agreements signed in different years on joining various integration associations or international institutions allows us to state that the trade and political choice of the states in question was based on several factors, in particular: (a) geographical contiguity with more developed market economies; (b) a wish and need to obtain resources (financial, technological, managerial) and skills from a more developed economic entity. In cases where such an opportunity was not available, states were forced to adhere to a multi-vector foreign economic and foreign policy concept. As a result, the choice based on developed market principles and comparative competitive advantages, including geographic advantages, created conditions incompatible with new regional integration and contributed to a gradual disintegration within the previously created formats.
Another important factor of regional disintegration was the desire of all independent states, including the Russian Federation, to become a part of the world economic system on common rules of functioning of international institutions, de facto responsible for the international division of labor and the global development of social and production relations.
In theory, the obtained results mean that the economic integration in the post-Soviet space on the general principles of market economy functioning in the paradigm of the catch-up development model had no prospects, so it was mostly based on the socio-cultural and political principles, which were rapidly transformed due to the change of generations, as well as taking into account the development of world economy and technology.
In practice, it means that in order to overcome the challenges that face the economy of Russia and institutionally associated EAEU member states, given their conceptual heterogeneity, approaches to overcoming the consequences of crisis phenomena should be conceptual rather than reactive and situational, and should be based on high-tech solutions.
A novel evaluation method of consolidation efficiency of electro-osmotic system
Authors: Sun Xiuli , Zhang Ruoxuan , Wang Yu , Jin Xun , Yu Qinjie
Published: February 2023

Energy consumption has emerged as a hot topic and cutting-edge research theme in the application of electro-osmotic consolidation of low-permeability soils. However, the resistance of circuits in an electro-osmotic consolidation system is complex, whereby electric energy can be converted into various forms of energy. Based on the law of energy conversion, this study proposes a new method for the quantitative evaluation of energy conversion in an electro-osmotic consolidation system. The most important energy created during electro-osmotic consolidation is the molecular migration kinetic energy, which can drive the drainage of water and cations and the consolidation of soil, which is referred to as the effective energy consumption (EEC). The second form of energy is interfacial thermal energy (ITE), which is associated with increasing interfacial resistance. The third form of energy is the soil thermal energy (STE), which is associated with the rising temperature of the system due to the passage of electric current. In the experiments conducted here, the EEC proportion was overestimated by 57–80% in the electro-osmosis process without considering the ITE and STE. The efficiency of electro-osmotic drainage can be considerably enhanced if appropriate measures can be taken to reduce the proportion of ITE and STE.
Measurement and Effects of Supply Chain Bottlenecks Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Soto Paul E.
Published: February 2023

Supply chain bottlenecks can have significant impacts on the real economy. When firms experience shortages, shipping delays, or shutdowns, as occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, they may be unable to produce, transport, and sell their products.
KLASİK ARAP EDEBİYATINDA TEŞBİH
Authors: ÇINAR Sara
Published: February 2023

Belâgatın en önemli sanatlarından biri olan teşbih sanatı, bir şeyi bir şeye benzetmek için kullanılmaktadır. Bu sanatın kullanımıyla söze değer katmak, benzeyeni-benzetileni yüceltmek amaçlanmaktadır. Cahiliye dönemi şiirlerinde ilk örnekleri görülen bu sanat, edebi açıdan Kur’an ile zirvesini bulmuş ve hadislerde de çokça kullanılmıştır. el-Müberred ile sistemleşen ve çeşitleri belirlenen bu sanat ehemmiyetini günümüze kadar korumuştur.

Çalışmanın giriş bölümünde teşbih kavramı incelenmiştir. Teşbihin tanımı ve unsurları belirtilmiş amaçları açıklanmıştır. Makalenin diğer bölümlerinde ise, teşbihin çeşitleri ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda teşbihin, müşebbehin ve müşebbeh bihin aklî, hissî, müfred, mürekkeb, müteaddit oluşu ve bunların cümlede zikredilip zikredilmemesi ya da yer değiştirmesine göre ortaya çıkan çeşitleri Kur’an ve hadislerden örneklerle detaylı bir şekilde anlatılmıştır. Yine aynı bölümde teşbihin benzetme yönü açısından temsili ve gayri temsili, benzetme edatı açısından mürsel, müekked gibi çeşitleri olduğu açıklanmıştır. Teşbihin amacına göre ise; makbul ve merdûd gibi çeşitleri olduğu görülmüştür.
Clinopodium haraverianum (Lamiaceae: Menthinae), una especie nueva de San Sebastián del Oeste, Jalisco, México
Authors: González-Gallegos Jesús Guadalupe , Figueroa Dante S. , Velázquez-Ríos Perla
Published: February 2023

Antecedentes: La delimitación genérica y las relaciones filogenéticas de Clinopodium son aún inestables. En México se registran 15 especies que alguna vez fueron tratadas también bajo los géneros Calamintha o Satureja. Exploraciones recientes en el occidente de México condujeron al descubrimiento de una especie adicional con corolas relativamente largas y de tono rojizo, lo que corresponde al conjunto antes reconocido como Satureja sect. Gardoquia.

Preguntas: ¿cuáles son las características morfológicas diagnósticas que soportan a la especie nueva?, ¿cuáles son las especies morfológicamente similares?

Especies de estudio: especies de Clinopodium de México y de Satureja sect. Gardoquia.

Sitio y años de estudio: San Sebastián del Oeste, Jalisco, primavera de 2022.

Métodos: Recolección botánica, herborización y caracterización morfológica de los especímenes recolectados. Cotejo de literatura especializada, ejemplares de herbario y tipos nomenclaturales en línea.

Resultados: La especie nueva Clinopodium haraverianum se distingue del resto de especies del género por la combinación de los siguientes caracteres: hábito herbáceo no ramificado, hojas progresivamente reducidas hacia el ápice del tallo, cáliz marcadamente bilabiado, corolas con el tubo mayor de 16 mm de largo y de tono rojizo. La especie más parecida es C. macrostemum con la que se compara en la diagnosis.

Conclusiones: Clinopodium haraverianum se separa de la mayoría de las especies de Clinopodium al reunir las características que definen al grupo Gardoquia, y dentro de este destaca por su hábito y tamaño de las estructuras florales. Esta especie constituye una adición a la flora endémica de Jalisco y por extensión de México.
HYPROP soil sample collection v1
Authors: not provided marshall.bennett
Published: February 2023

Procedure developed using information gathered from the following sources: Shokrana, M. S. B., & Ghane, E. (2020, February 22). Measurement of soil water characteristic curve using hyprop2. Measurement of soil water characteristic curve using HYPROP2. Retrieved February 21, 2023, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215016120300601 METER Group. (n.d.). HYPROP 2. Operation Manual - HYPROP 2. Retrieved February 21, 2023, from http://library.metergroup.com/Manuals/18263_HYPROP_Manual_Web.pdf
Debinding Process of Co-Powder Injection Molded (2C-PIM) SS17-4PH and SS316L
Authors:   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Mas’ood Najlaa Nazihah , Sulong Abu Bakar ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Muhamad Norhamidi ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Mohd Foudzi Farhana ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Mohamed Intan Fadhlina ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia., M.S.H Al-Furjan ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
Published: February 2023

Co-Injection Molding Process (2C-PIM) is the extension of powder injection molding (PIM) process which is widely used in manufacturing industry. However, due to two materials being injected, the development of required parts by 2C-PIM can be challenging. Yet, there are many researches that have been done by 2C-PIM process because the process is capable of combining metal-metal, ceramics-metal and ceramics-ceramics. The selections and combinations of materials are depending on the targeted applications. The 2C-PIM process has 4 main processes which are mixing, injection, debinding and sintering. In this paper, SS17-4PH and SS316L were used to conduct the 2C-PIM process. Both materials were mixed with the binder system which is 60 wt.% of palm stearin (PS) and 40 wt.% of polyethylene (PE) to produce as feedstock. The green parts of SS17-4PH and SS316L were prepared by co-injection process. The co-debinding process for these green parts was investigated. Such process was divided into two stages: solvent debinding and thermal debinding. Solvent debinding was conducted with heptane solution at 60 °C. Meanwhile, thermal debinding was conducted at 500 °C for 1 hour holding time and continued with sintering process in the same furnace at 1250 °C. It was found that the binders were 95% removed during solvent co-debinding and such finding is adequate for the co-sintering process based on PIM concept. The co-sintered part was successfully produced and the physical properties of the co-sintered part was observed in order to ensure the bonding is good. Result of SEM image has proved that the co-sintered part of SS17-4PH/SS316L is well bonded.
Not by Mitchell alone: on visual history in the research of German scholars
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Adamska Iryna
Published: February 2023

In this article, the author analyzes an anthology of texts from German historiography on visual history, collected by Polish researcher Magdalena Saryusz-Wolska. Since this area is only developing in Ukraine, there are still few theoretical works. Moreover, researchers of visual studies focus mainly on the works of representatives of the Anglo-Saxon school. Therefore, it is important for Ukrainian historiography to get acquainted with the work of the German school of visual history. The volume includes ten texts, mostly theoretical, and an introductory article written by the book's editor. All materials are divided into five sections. The works of German researchers provide information about the origins of visual history and its formation as an academic field, with considerable attention paid to the development of methodology. Some empirical studies are also presented, often having an interdisciplinary character. An important component of the volume is the overview made by M. Saryusz-Wolska. The researcher not only analyzed the works presented in the book, but also outlined the broader context of their appearance in Germany. The publication is important for historical discipline, as it includes key theoretical works of the German school of visual history and their detailed analysis.
The influence of concomitant glaucoma on iol power calculation accuracy
Authors: Belov Dmitrii F. , Nikolaenko Vadim P.
Published: February 2023

Aim. To estimate the influence of concomitant glaucoma (including that after surgery) on IOL power calculation accuracy before phacoemulsification.

Materials and methods. 413 patients were included in the study divided in 4 groups: 1st patients with cataract and no concomitant glaucoma (251 cases); 2nd patients with cataract and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) on medical therapy (103 cases); 3rd patients with cataract and prior trabeculectomy (42 cases); 4th patients with cataract and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) on medical therapy (17 cases). In all patients, the IOL power calculation was performed using optical biometry (IOL-Master 500). 1 month after surgery, desired refraction according to Barrett Universal II Formula and real obtained refraction estimated by automatic refractometry (Topcon-8800) were compared.

Results. There was no significant difference between study groups 13 in IOL power calculation accuracy (the calculation error was 0.09 0.39 D, 0.08 0.45 D, 0.03 0.49 D, for each group respectively). However, we found a higher myopic shift (0.47 0.48 D, p = 0.095) in the 4th group.

Conclusion. The presence of concomitant POAG on medical therapy, same as earlier trabeculectomy, does not demand any modification of the IOL calculation algorithm. However, in PACG patients we recommend taking 0.5 D lower optical power IOLs to avoid excessive myopic refraction after phacoemulsification.
Modern principles of the diabetic macular edema management
Authors: Mazurina Natalya K. , Stolyarenko Georgiy E.
Published: February 2023

Diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinal lesions are a global challenge for healthcare systems and one of the leading causes of severe vision loss among the working age population. Retinal laser coagulation remained the standard of therapy and the only possible treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME) in the 80-90s of the last century. The introduction of anti-VEGF therapy and glucocorticoids into the wide practice has significantly expanded the range of possibilities of DME treatment, allowing not only to stabilize patients vision, but also to improve it. The analyses of the large randomized clinical trials results are made and presented in this article, that highlight the basic principles of the contemporary DME treatment. This information is intended to help the ophthalmologist to develop the most optimal approach to treatment, considering the individual characteristics of each patient and the evidence-based efficacy and safety data of different methods.
Your Body Is a Battleground: Pregnancy Discrimination and College Sports after 50 Years of Title IX
Authors: McArdle David A. , De Mars Sylvia
Published: February 2023

This article offers a new perspective on academic institutions’ engagement with Title IX, notably its provisions on pregnant and parenting students, as laid down in Regulation 34 CFR 106.41 as amended (the Pregnancy Regulation), and the concomitant NCAA model policy on pregnant and parenting student-athletes. That new perspective is achieved through a systematic content analysis of institutional pregnancy statements in schools’ online student-athlete handbooks (OSAHs). There are few, if any, other examples of OSAHs being subjected to this degree of scrutiny, so the authors introduce readers to the rich source of data that OSAHs offer, and provide guidance on their analysis and interpretation.In considering why so few institutions have a pregnancy statement in their OSAHs, and why hardly any of them reflect the NCAA’s model to any meaningful extent, the authors contend that institutions made a deliberate policy choice that was in part facilitated by the Supreme Court’s decision in Gebser v Lago Vista Independent School District 524 US 274 (1998). The issue of pregnancy discrimination thus reflects a recurring feature within college sports: a three-way struggle between legal norms, a regulator with extensive but still limited powers, and member institutions that possess varying degrees of influence. On this occasion, the struggle has resulted in a comparative handful of colleges exercising disproportionate power not only over those other stakeholders, but also over the student-athletes whose wellbeing should lie at the heart of the relationship between them.
College Athlete NIL Activities and Institutional Agreements at a Crossroads: An Analysis of the Regulatory Landscape and “Conflict Language” in State NIL Legislation
Authors: Moorman Anita M. , Cocco Adam R.
Published: February 2023

State legislation paved the way for college athletes to begin monetizing their name, image, and likeness (NIL) through commercial activities as of July 2021. However, the statutory language utilized in state NIL legislation provides an inconsistent regulatory framework for college athletes as they seek to navigate the NIL landscape. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative legal analysis of state NIL legislation to determine how these statutes restrain college athlete NIL activities that conflict with institutional agreements, limit NIL activities during official team activities, and establish enforcement or dispute resolution processes for asserted conflicts. We analyzed 26 state NIL statutes containing specific conflict language and found three areas of significant variation between states: the regulatory framework used to define contractual restraints; the definition and treatment of contract types subject to potential conflicts with NIL activities; and the requirements placed upon an institution when a contractual dispute arises. We discuss these areas of discrepancy between state NIL legislations and offer recommendations for legislatures focused on creating an NIL environment for college athletes with minimal restraints.
Active Shooter Preparedness: Perceptions of NCAA Division I Athletic Directors and Campus Police Chiefs
Authors: Curto Jeffrey , Goldsmith Andrew , Miller John , Carroll Michael S. , Martin Christina
Published: February 2023

Thousands of fans descend onto college campuses every Saturday during the fall to watch National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Power 5 and Group of 5 college football games. Power 5 is used to describe five of ten athletic conferences (ACC, Big Ten, Big 12, Pac-12, and the SEC) which are considered the most prominent and highest earning athletic conferences in college football whose teams compete in the NCAA Division 1 Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS).  Group of 5 is an assembly of five conferences that also compete in NCAA Division I FBS.  Group of 5 college football teams often compete against Power 5 and Independent teams during the regular season and bowl games (Vannini, 2022). The largest stadium seating capacity Group of 5 schools is around 40,000 people compared to the Power 5 stadiums, 10 of which seat at least 90,000 people (Chiusano, 2022). While the seating capacity at Group of 5 schools is not as great as Power 5 institutions it still represents a significant population (Vannini, 2022).
IgE-Mediated Sensitization to Blo t 21 and Blo t 5 Is Associated With Asthma in the Tropics: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Zakzuk J , Donado K , Mondol E , Marrugo V , Regino R , López JF , Hernandez K , Mercado D , Dennis R , Puerta L , Caraballo L
Published: February 2023

Background: Sensitization to Blomia tropicalis is associated with asthma in various tropical and subtropical countries; however, information about the specific molecular components associated with this disease is scarce. Objective: Using molecular diagnosis, we sought to identify B tropicalis allergens associated with asthma in Colombia. Methods: Specific IgE (sIgE) to 8 B tropicalis recombinant allergens (Blo t 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, and 21) was determined using an in-house ELISA system in asthma patients (n=272) and controls (n=298) recruited in a national prevalence study performed in several Colombian cities (Barranquilla, Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, and San Andrés). The study sample included children and adults (mean [SD] age, 28 [17] years).Cross-reactivity between Blo t 5 and Blo t 21 was evaluated using ELISA-inhibition. Results: Sensitization to Blo t 21 (aOR, 1.9; 95%CI, 1.2-2.9) and Blo t 5 (aOR, 1.6; 95%CI, 1.1-2.5), but not Blo t 2, was associated with asthma. sIgE levels to Blo t 21 and to Blo t 5 were significantly higher in the disease group. Cross-reactivity between Blo t 21 and Blo t 5 is on average moderate in frequency; however, analysis of individual cases indicates that it may be very frequent (>50%) in some cases. Conclusions: Although Blo t 5 and Blo t 21 are considered common sensitizers, this is the first report of their association with asthma. Both components should be included in molecular panels for diagnosis of allergy in the tropics.
Effect of dexamethasone on fetal heart rate variability, by non-invasive non-stress test tracing in preterm labour
Authors: Ananya Arnna , Pal Manidip , Bhadra Banasree , Sarkar Suvobrata
Published: February 2023

Background: To analyse the effects of antenatal dexamethasone on fetal heart rate variability (fHRV), when administered to mothers between 30-37 weeks of gestation, at risk of preterm delivery and corroborate presenting maternal symptoms with mode of delivery and perinatal outcomes.
Method: Prospective observational study conducted for 1 Year among pregnant women with gestation between 30 completed weeks to 36 weeks 6 days, with symptoms suggesting risk of preterm delivery. The sample size calculated was 52. Dexamethasone phosphate, 24 mg in 4 divided doses, was administered as intramuscular injections 12 hours apart. NST tracings were taken at three points-before first dose, one hour after first dose and one hour after the fourth dose. Chi-square test and Paired t test was applied, p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. 
Results: Strong correlation was found between antenatal dexamethasone administration and fHRV (p<0.05) which increased after administration of the first dose of dexamethasone compared to its value prior to administration. There was a further increase after the fourth dose. 
Conclusions: Dexamethasone is associated with increase in fHRV evident on non-stress test recordings, without significant decrease in baseline fetal heart rate.
Implementación de medidas de eficiencia energética para la construcción factible de un refrigerador comercial con suministro de energía solar fotovoltaica
Authors: Echeverría Reina Alberto José , García Arredondo Juan Carlos , Panesso Tascón Jairo
Published: February 2023

El alto consumo energético de los refrigeradores y un suministro eléctrico intermitente incrementa el costo de la factura eléctrica y afecta los productos refrigerados, respectivamente. Así lo manifiestan diversos tenderos que adquieren estos equipos para actividad comercial. Estos inconvenientes preocupan al fabricante, que considera que la oferta de sus equipos podría afectarse. El objetivo de este artículo es construir un refrigerador comercial de mayor eficiencia energética, abastecido con energía solar fotovoltaica. El desarrollo inicia con un balance energético de un refrigerador convencional, para identificar posibles mejoras energéticas. Posteriormente, se implementan cuatro medidas que permiten la construcción de un refrigerador con mayor desempeño energético y una instalación solar fotovoltaica, que provee electricidad confiable. Se concluye que, mediante una oportuna gestión energética, es factible técnica y económicamente la construcción de refrigeradores eficientes que operen con energía limpia y renovable.
Reforms to the Israeli income tax
Authors: Tzarfati Beny
Published: February 2023

Income tax is a major component of state revenues, earmarked to finance the services provided by the government. Income taxes have a significant impact, among other things, on economic growth and income distribution. According to economic theory, personal income tax—perceived as progressive tax—is the main policy tool of the governments of developed countries and is aimed at reducing inequality in income distribution. The Israeli in- come tax has been through major reforms in the last decade and a half. These reforms include a reduction in income tax exemp- tions, steadily decreasing tax rates, simplification of tax calculation rules, reallocation of resources from the public and revenue sharing by reducing the income tax burden on the middle classes, a transfer from territorially based taxation of income earned or accrued in Israel to personally based taxation of income of Israeli residents, regardless of the place of earning the income. The result of changing the tax system and the transition to taxation on a personal basis means, in practice, an expansion of the tax base in Israel. This paper aims to describe the income tax prior to the reforms and the major reforms that had taken place up to 2017.