bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of sea condition of Jiaolong deep-sea manned submersible operating in the South China Sea
Authors: Xiaohui Liu , Shengjie Qin , Lei Yang , Haibin Qi , Qi Zhang
Published: June 2021

The South China Sea is the sea area with the largest area, the largest depth, the most abundant oil and gas resources and the most comprehensive biological species in China. The further exploration of the South China Sea with manned submersible and other major deep-sea equipment is of great significance to China's deep-sea scientific investigation. In this paper, Jiaolong manned submersible was taken as an example. In order to explore the operation window to guarantee the operation safety of manned submersible and improve the efficiency of voyage scientific investigation, this paper combined the global wave return data and the wave data based on satellite remote sensing to focus on the Marine environment characteristics in the South China Sea. According to the operational design parameters of Jiaolong, in the South China Sea, the most appropriate operating time window is from April to September, and the rest of the time, proper sea conditions should be selected for the operation.
Analysis of sea conditions for manned submersible operation in Southwest Indian Ocean
Authors: Shengjie Qin , Lei Yang , Xiaohui Liu , Miao Tang , Hongxu Zhan
Published: June 2021

The southwest Indian Ocean is an important area for deep-sea investigation and exploration. In this paper, the spatial distribution and temporal variation characteristics of wave elements in the sea area were analyzed by using the high resolution reanalysis data (ERA) from the European Center, the optimal path set of tropical cyclones provided by the Joint Warning Center (JTWC) and the global ocean circulation model (OFES). The results show that the monthly mean effective wave height in the southwest Indian Ocean is relatively large, ranging from 3.5m to 5.5m. the wave season is relatively stable, with the highest mean wave height in winter and the lowest mean wave height in summer; The frequency of tropical cyclones is higher in summer and autumn and lower in winter; The most suitable operation time of manned submersible in the southwest Indian Ocean is from November to march of the next year, and other time needs to select good sea conditions for operation.
Research On Technological Utilizing in an Automatic Device for Collecting Rain and Snow in Qinghai Province, China
Authors: Long Mingtao , Hu Luyao , Yang Jiaquan , Hu Yongjun , Wang Zihan , Zheng Liping , Kang Beiming
Published: June 2021

Based on the climatic conditions in the northwest and the widely used water storage method in the northwest rural areas, we designed a rain and snow collection device, which is realized by an inductor and an “M” collection curtain, which uses the rotation of the motor and the supply of the heating film. Water purification and storage can be obtained through compound grit tanks, biochar adsorption systems, etc. The collected water resources can be integrated with water purification and storage through flood control and antifreeze devices. Real-time senses the changes of water level and water temperature. In this article, a calculation model for the optimal sedimentation effect is also established, which can calculate the minimum scale parameters of the sedimentation tank under different weather conditions, and provide guidance for the construction of the system. In addition, we tested the actual collection capacity of the system, and the results showed that the system has high practical value. At present, there is no a complete and systematic study integrated with it in the Northwest region. This system can alleviate the lack of water resources in some areas to a certain extent, play a positive role in the rural ecological environment and lessen flood
Application practice of Oriental design strategy in interior space design
Authors: Du Yihui , Peng Lili , Zhang Zijing , Li Yi
Published: June 2021

Oriental design is based on Oriental cultural tradition and philosophy. After merging with the essence of modern design, it has gained new vitality and constantly meets the spiritual and material needs of modern people. This paper mainly summarizes the design strategies from three aspects: element minimalism, light and shadow inheritance and meditation practice. Combined with the team practice case analysis, this paper hopes to provide help for other designers’ localization design thinking. It is hoped that designers can establish cultural confidence based on their understanding of Oriental culture and philosophy, and naturally integrate Oriental Spirit into future design.
Study of the Present Situation of Architectural Protection in Taizhou Historic district of Zhejiang Province-Take Haimen Old Street as an Example
Authors: Ailin Li
Published: June 2021

Taizhou is one of the important port cities and trade centers in Zhejiang Province in Chinese history. The traditional buildings retained in its historic districts have not only conformed to the development of the times, but also witnessed the local historical changes and finally formed their own unique local characteristics. The paper takes Haimen Old Street in a good condition of protection as the research object, conducts a comprehensive investigation on the protection status of modern architectures in the Old Street, and deeply explores the spatial forms and architectural features of the buildings. After investigation, it was found that Haimen Old Street has a good architectural shape and characteristics after undergoing conservation and restoration work, which can be said to be a model of architectural protection in eastern Zhejiang. This survey can provide evidence and suggestions for the protection of buildings in historical districts in Zhejiang, so as to achieve the purpose of inheriting the regional culture of Taizhou’s characteristic buildings.
An enquiry into Investment Control of Engineering Projects
Authors: Chen Huilin
Published: June 2021

The relatively weak link in the current construction project management is the project investment control. There is often a lack of accurate investigation beforehand and the lack of real investigation data, resulting in the lack of authenticity of the investigation report, and it is difficult to calculate the investment spent on the project. Engineering projects are prone to investment risks and cause unnecessary losses. Construction project investment is related to the future development trend of the construction industry. In order to adapt to the development needs of the society, this article discusses current engineering projects from the four key aspects of project investment control—optimized design, good bidding, scientific management, and strengthening of audits. There are problems in the investment process, and the corresponding investment control strategies are discussed. The research conclusions show that these four key aspects play a very important role in engineering project investment control.
Characteristics of Public Space Behavior and Demand of Rural Residents in Foshan
Authors: Xie Chenyu
Published: June 2021

With the implementation of a rural revitalization plan, rural public space has received increased attention. This article summarizes the characteristics and needs of public space behavior of residents in Dushugang village, Foshan, based on data gathered and analyzed through questionnaire survey and organized interview. The inhabitants of Dushugang village’s public space behavior are characterized by six characteristics: universality and spontaneity, high frequency and comprehension, proximity, relative regularity, strong preference and universality of activity choice, and high motivation to participate in the transformation. The people of Dushugang village’s public space demand can be summarized as follows: revitalizing traditional public spaces and fully explore their use; reasonable allocation and management of facilities in public spaces to optimize the landscape environment; preserving the heritage of the village culture and the healthy development of public space. This article aims to investigate the characteristics and needs of rural residents in public spaces, identify some issues in the rural construction process, and offer a new perspective on how to optimize rural transformation.
Nonlinear consolidation theory for prefabricated vertical drains with elliptic cylindrical assumption
Authors: Chao-xuan Huang , Guo-jie Hu , Jun-jie Li
Published: June 2021

Based on the influence of the non-linear change in the consolidation process of permeability coefficient and compressibility of soft soils and the theory of elliptic cylinders, derived the control equation of the nonlinear consolidation of the vertical foundation of the strip plastic drainage board. Further, according to the complete orthogonal space theory, the equivalent polynomial analytical expression of the nonlinear term is given. Then, the analytic solutions of the nonlinear consolidation are given, and through numerical calculation and verification analysis, it is considered that the Indrarantna (2005) approximation has a relatively small error at Cc/Ck (close to 1) and Nu (<4), but when Cc/Ck (difference from 1) and Nu are large (>4), the error is large.
Implementation and evaluation of the underwater crack repair in the hollow concrete block of the gravity wharf
Authors: Gu Hao , Sun Ping
Published: June 2021

Concrete block quay wall is the most popular type of structures in the gravity wharf. The concrete block can be generally categorized into two types: solid and hollow concrete blocks. Compared to the solid concrete block, the hollow concrete block can reduce the usage of concrete significantly and increase the resistance to sliding and overturning. This paper studied the application of hollow concrete blocks in the gravity wharf of Qingdao Port. It was discovered that in the application, the main problem was the crack development in the hollow concrete blocks. The paper first analysed the reason of crack development in the structure by conducting laboratory model tests. It was found that the contact conditions between two hollow concrete blocks was the key of the crack development. In order to improve the performance of the structure of hollow concrete blocks, an effective scheme, which can repair the cracks in the underwater environment and increase the bearing capacity of the gravity wharf, is proposed. The scheme contains two main procedures. The first step is to use the invented mending material to fill up the cracks. The next is to use the grouting technique to bond the rockfill inside the block holes and the hollow concrete blocks together. The model tests, field tests in 1980s and 2010 have proved the effectiveness of the scheme. This paper provides reference for the construction of similar structures.
Experimental Study on the Pavement Performance of Cement-Improved Silty Fine Sand
Authors: Wei Chen , Zhijun Huang , Yulong Tang , Dahong Duan
Published: June 2021

In view of the fact that there is in shortage of superior roadbed fillers in gobi and desert areas and based on the economical and environment-friendly concept, the cement-improved silty fine sand will be used as the roadbed filler of a railway construction project, which has the engineering characteristics of difficult compaction of local silty fine sands and loose structure, within the territory of Jiuquan, Gansu Province.The test indicated that the actual silty fine sands presented relatively concentrated particle sizes in this project, the particle composition was uniform and difficult to compact. The 7d saturated unconfined compressive strength of the cement-improved silty fine sand filler was correlated with the cement content, curing age and compaction coefficient, and also showed a good linear fitting relation with the cement content. As the delay time of sample molding was lengthened, the 7d saturated unconfined compressive strength of the samples was gradually reduced, and the strength retention rate had a favorable fitting relation with the delay time of sample molding. The compaction coefficient was detected using the sand-cone method in the field compaction test, and on this basis, the “ex post detection” method was proposed to detect the compaction coefficient of this special type of fillers.
Experimental Investigation on Friction Coefficient between Sawtooth Steel Plate and Concrete
Authors: Wu Erjun , Hu Yuqing , Zhang Nengwei , Wu Wei
Published: June 2021

It is easy to think of using sawtooth steel plate on the surface of column to increase the interfacial friction in the temporary RC column underpinning structure. However, there is little research on the friction properties between sawtooth steel plate and concrete. 108 working condition of double interface shear tests were conducted for measuring the friction coefficient between the sawtooth steel plate and the concrete, and the effects of concrete strength, sawtooth size, interface contact method and interface normal pressure on the friction coefficient were also analyzed. The results show that concrete strength on the friction coefficient is not significant when the interface normal pressure is less than 6MPa. After the use of sawtooth steel, the coefficient of friction is greatly improved, and the friction coefficient is approximately linearly related to the aspect ratio of the sawtooth. Damage on the concrete surface will be reduced after adding a flexible material at the contacting interface, but at the same time, it will reduce the friction coefficient. When the sawtooth steel is in direct contact with the concrete, the friction coefficient increases with increasing normal pressure at the interface, however, when the interface is added with flexible material, the friction coefficient is almost irrelevant to the normal pressure.
Application of Survey Technology in Geotechnical Engineering Investigation
Authors: Gao Xiang
Published: June 2021

With the continuous development of the construction engineering industry, geotechnical engineering construction has attracted more and more attention from the society. In the construction process of geotechnical engineering, scientific and reasonable engineering investigation is the key to ensuring construction quality and improving engineering safety. Based on this, this article analyzes the application of measurement technology in the process of geotechnical engineering investigation. It is hoped that through this analysis, the application effect of measurement technology in geotechnical engineering survey can be effectively improved, and the quality of geotechnical engineering survey can be improved, so as to promote the overall construction quality and safety of geotechnical engineering.
Analysis of Key Technologies of Bridge Damage Detection Based on Visual Recognition
Authors: Xixue Tan , Yunkai Zhang , Guohua Li , Xuewen Pei
Published: June 2021

In the identification of bridge damage in the series of deflection-affecting lines, noise signals due to axle coupling often occur. Removing these noise signals has become a key technique for effectively identifying damage. Taking the main line bridge of a overpass project in Fuzhou City of Fujian Province as an example, we collected the deflection a data of the bridge by using HPON-X target-free bridge deflectometer and used YOLOv3 algorithm for deep learning of the vehicle load position. The data were measured and studied by using DB9 wavelet de-noising method. The research shows that this method can greatly reduce the influence of vehicle bridge interaction on deflection influence line, and can enhance the accuracy and speed of bridge damage detection.
The design and analysis of teaching case of “chemistry and material development”
Authors: Qi Junjie , Wang Aihua
Published: June 2021

“Chemistry and material development” is a typical example of applying chemical knowledge to industrial production. This course case introduced the great contribution of chemistry in material development with the topic of non-metallic materials, organic polymer materials from petroleum and composite materials with excellent performance. This case was designed carefully according to the flipped classroom mode, Through the study of new materials, students can make clear the purpose of learning chemistry and improve their interest in learning.
Development of a quality management system for a machine-building enterprise
Authors: Bandurina Inna P. , Bandurin Mikhail A. , Bandurin Alexander P.
Published: June 2021

The article presents proposals for the development of the quality management system of a machine-building enterprise based on a risk-oriented process approach. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the risk management subsystem formation as the basis of continuous development of the quality management system based on ISO 9000 standards are considered. Methodological recommendations of the development of existing enterprise methods for managing the processes of the quality management system are proposed. A methodology of risk management of quality management system processes has been developed. The practical application of the proposals formulated in the paper is shown by the example of an enterprise engaged in the production of electric traction machines for railway rolling stock. At the present stage of development of machine-building production, insufficient attention is paid to the issue of methodological support for risk management of quality management system processes developed on the basis of ISO 9000 series standards, despite the fact that this direction is very relevant and practically in demand in all industries. It is revealed that the process monitoring system, which is based on monitoring process indicators, information about internal audits, self-assessment of the quality management system, allows you to present a real picture of the state of processes and develop management decisions to improve the effectiveness and improvement of processes and the quality management system. And all the information obtained during process monitoring can be used as input data for managing risks in processes.
Formation of Economic Self-Determination of Small Business Entrepreneurs
Authors: Terekhova Tatyana A. , Trofimova Elena L. , Bolshakova Olesya B.
Published: June 2021

The authors consider the economic self-determination of a small business entrepreneur as selfdetermination in the economic environment. The goal of economic self-determination is to achieve an optimal level of competitiveness, rational monetary attitudes and, as result, formation of economic behavior in order to achieve the set goals that contribute to the success in the professional activity. A group of 58 small business entrepreneurs took part in the survey. Preliminary, entrance testing was carried out with the use of the standardized methods, which was followed by correlation analysis. It allowed one to find out the relationship between the indicators of the scales. A group with a low level of competitiveness was identified using the standardized methodology “Attitude towards competition”. As a result, the authors developed a program of group psychological counseling. The structure of the consultation process included the following stages: problem investigation, two-dimensional problem identification, planning, activity, assessment and feedback. After the group psychological counseling, the final control was carried out using the same methods and the effectiveness of this type of counseling was assessed using the Wilcoxon test. The results of mathematical and statistical analysis confirm the effectiveness of the developed program. Group psychological counseling allowed one to increase self-esteem, purposefulness, self-confidence, intensified the scenarios of economic behavior, changed the attitudes towards money and economic benefits which also ensured an increase in competitiveness indicators.
Ethnocultutal identity of the indigenous people of the Arctic (a case study of Anabar district in Yakutia)
Authors: Filippova Viktoriya , Vinokurova Liliya , Sannikova Yana , Zakharova Natalya , Mestnikova Akulina
Published: June 2021

The article presents the preliminary results of a comprehensive study on the social anthropology of the cultural landscape of the Khatango-Anabar region as an integral historical and cultural space, formed as a result of the interaction of man and nature, local ethnic communities and social institutions. The purpose of the article is to study the regional ethno-cultural identification of the population living in one of the Arctic regions of Yakutia - Anabar. The field research, including interviews, a sociological survey, and a psycholinguistic experiment revealed indicators for determining the ethnocultural identity. Three main criteria of ethnocultural identity of residents of Anabar district were identified. These are territorial, cultural and linguistic ones. It was found that the unifying indicator of the population living in this area is regional identity as Anabarians.
Components of the competitiveness of Arctic university graduates as an object of social and labor relations
Authors: Ivacheva Olga , Zarovnyaeva Varvara
Published: June 2021

The state of the transport infrastructure is one of the most problematic areas in the Arctic. Taking into account the strategic position of the Arctic territories, the growing interest of foreign states in Russian natural resources and communications, transport support for existing and planned industries, the training of qualified specialists should promptly have developed within the framework of the national program for the development of the Arctic territories. The implementation of the program requires a special approach to the training of competitive graduates of the transport complex. Large-scale production projects will require hundreds of engineering and technical specialists: engineers, transport workers, logisticians, builders, etc. The components of competitiveness of a university graduate have been determined, which constitute general requirements for future transport specialists working in the conditions of the Arctic.
Priorities for the sustainable development of inland capture fishery
Authors: Shishigina Anna , Sosin Vladimir
Published: June 2021

Fishing in inland waters significantly differs in terms of production, seasonality, scale, methods of production and organization of fishing, equipment and technologies. In addition, fishing in inland waters is characterized by insignificant volumes of catch of aquatic bioresources and other socio-economic significance. As a rule, this type of activity is occupied by small organizations that use seasonal labor with temporary employment, which, at the same time, are of significant socio-economic importance for the local population. The article presents the characteristics of the situation in the field of industrial fishing in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and the main problematic trends of the industry. The purpose of the article is to show the main obstacles to the sustainable development of inland fisheries in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in fresh waters. As a result of the study, measures are proposed to solve the problems. The management should be focused on the rationalization of fishing to increase profits per unit of production assets used, as well as on attracting highly qualified specialists to fishing, that is, increasing the investment attractiveness of this industry. With this approach, inland fisheries can contribute substantially to increased food security, poverty alleviation, livelihoods, human well-being and ecosystem function.
Efficiency indicators of the eastern polygon and its development prospects
Authors: Grigoryeva Natalya N. , Bulokhova Tatyana A.
Published: June 2021

The development strategy of “Russian Railways” OAO provides for increasing competitiveness and strengthening the company’s market position. Due to the increase in Russia’s foreign trade turnover with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, the growth of transit freight traffic between Europe and Asia, and the need to implement the country’s transit potential in the context of the globalization of the transport service market the railway industry faces the task of handling the growing volumes of traffic in the direction of the Far Eastern ports. One of the essential goals until 2030 is to increase the country’s transit capacity. Its implementation is a priority in the field of international standing of our country. Along with the BaikalAmur Mainline, the Eastern polygon is pivotal in solving this problem. Its development will ensure the connection of transport flows from West to East, will make changes in the routes of world trade, thereby increasing the share of Russia in Eurasian transit. The degree of efficient railway transport operation depends on the creation of favorable conditions for modernization, transition to the innovative development path and sustainable growth of the national economy. This generally contributes to the conditioning of Russia’s leadership in the world economic system, as there is a new geopolitical landscape globally evolving at present, whose contours should be considered in the foreseeable future. In today’s conditions of railway management, it is impossible to head over to an innovative path without proper infrastructure development, affecting the performance of structural units and requiring investments.
Ways to optimize process of modernization of trans-Siberian railway using digital economy technologies
Authors: Samarina Maria , Bondarchuk Ekaterina
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the issues of improving measures to optimize the process of modernizing the Trans-Siberian Railway using digital economy technologies. The digital economy provides for the implementation of a number of measures that stimulate the introduction of information and telecommunication technologies in most of the economic sectors of Russia. In the new interpretation, three components of the “Digital Economy” methodology are noted: information infrastructure of e-business, network e-business, e-commerce. All of these components are also part of the Digital Railroad Bratskoe. The railway is the backbone of the entire transport complex of the Russian Federation and is of great socioeconomic, political and defense importance. Compared to other modes of transport, railway transport is determined not only by the large value of the main economic indicators, but also by the volume of transportation work performed, both in freight and passenger traffic. The technological and economic effects from the development and implementation of digitalization projects for both freight and passenger transportation have been determined. A comparative analysis of the used services based on digital technologies was carried out for the predicted economic effect. The project “Digital Railway” was analyzed, in particular, one of the pilot projects “Digital Depot”, implemented on the basis of the service locomotive depot SLD Bratskoye. The effectiveness of this measure is difficult to fully assess due to the relatively short implementation period. The first data for calculating the technical and economic efficiency are analyzed; a forecast for the future is presented.
Knowledge in the model of dynamics and stability of an industrial enterprise
Authors: Chuprov Sergey
Published: June 2021

The formation and development of the knowledge economy logically lead to the need for an indepth study of the nature and properties of information in economic systems. The priority value of the information resource and knowledge in the activities of industrial enterprises is determined both by the prospects for the development of science-intensive products and their competitiveness in the world and domestic markets, and by the desire to ensure the stable operation of the enterprise in a highly disturbed business environment. With the search and analysis of the dependences of the production, financial and economic processes taking place in them on the control information, the systemic interaction of the enterprise resources and the dynamics of key indicators of the activity of industrial enterprises are revealed.From the standpoint of thermodynamics, statistical physics and cybernetics, it is proposed to spread the information concept of V. Trapeznikov to substantiate and modelling the dependence of a number of economic and financial indicators on the amount of accumulated information in the controlled complex of an industrial enterprise.Modeling and interpretation of the relationship between the volume of control information with the uncertainty of the functioning of an industrial enterprise and the achieved level of knowledge about it is carried out. The condition for the stability of the indicator of the effect of activity and the financial stability of the enterprise (autonomy ratio) is formulated. The mathematical condition for the range of changes in the level of knowledge of industrial enterprises has been substantiated.
Features of the adaptation of the indigenous people of the Arctic
Authors: Nikolaeva Evgeniya , Kolosova Olga , Belchusova Elena
Published: June 2021

To determine age-specific differences in adaptation of indigenous residents, nonspecific adaptive body reactions (NARs) have been studied among the Evenki men aged 13 to 86, permanently living in the Arctic. The results indicated the presence of age-specific differences in NARs. The decline of nonspecific body resistance in every fourth teenager is correlated with adaptive reactions developing in parallel with underlying low-level body reactivity. Adaptive reactions in men aged 75-90 were characterized by a medium to a high reactivity level, which enabled preservation of body reserves even under extreme climate conditions. Two age groups (22-35 and 61-74) included the highest percentages of people with adverse NARs. Therefore, men in these age groups should be considered as a major risk group for developing both psychosomatic and somatic diseases.
Improving the quality of the railway transportation process
Authors: Kondratiev Viktor V. , Olentsevich Viktoriya A. , Kuznetsov Boris O. , Karlina Antonina I.
Published: June 2021

The safety of trains is the basis of the efficient operation of the railway transport system, the optimal organization of passengers and cargo transportation. All organizational and technical activities in railway transport must meet the requirements of safe and uninterrupted train traffic. Traffic safety is ensured by the maintenance of all facilities, railway tracks, rolling stock, equipment and mechanisms, technical devices and communications. In order to ensure a given level of train safety, it is essential that the technical facilities and personnel have the appropriate safety level. Comprehensive management of reliability, risks, cost of life cycle in railways is a technology that improves the quality of services. This technology is characterized by several components, namely, factors that affect the reliability and safety of railway facilities, as well as the means of achieving reliability and safety; risk and complete safety; cost of life cycle. As part of the security provision, the Russian Railways regularly upgrades its fixed assets. These are projects related to safety, which are based on life safety aimed at ensuring the technological sustainability of the production process, improving traffic safety and maintaining the existing throughput capacity of transport infrastructure. The assessment of the influence of technical failures and defects on the performance and economic criteria of rail transport will enable objective management decisions to be made in the area of fixed assets renewal in order to improve traffic safety and to introduce measures to reduce the share of non-productive expenditures of structural units.
The concept of sustainable development as the foundation for changing education in the North
Authors: Savvinov Vasiliy
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the experience of the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in Russian universities based on the case study of North-Eastern Federal University (NEFU). The article presents a comparative analysis of strategic programs to manage the development of universities in the North of Russia and the northern countries of Europe and America in the context of global changes and growing uncertainty of the environment. It shows NEFU’s groundwork for the implementation of the sustainable development model of the northern territories and justifies the key principles and the directions of change in the academic and innovative activities of the university related to the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
International legal treaty as a basis for scientific cooperation in the Arctic regions
Authors: Maksimova O , Armashova A
Published: June 2021

The paper analyzes international treaties related to the activities of states in the Arctic regions. These treaties constitute the legal basis for scientific cooperation. Due to the threat of climate change and global warming, the preservation of the Arctic ecosystem is becoming one of the urgent tasks for global scientific community. Russia, with its vast Arctic territories, can play a key role in joining the efforts of scientists from different countries. In the modern world, international cooperation is impossible without the established system of international legal treaties. The main instrument of international law for cooperation in the Arctic is the 1982 UN Convention on the Law Of the Sea. The success of scientific events in the Arctic depends on the results of the activities of the Arctic Council and on the effectiveness of activities, including research during the implementation of the Strategy for the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation.
Factors of formation and development of the transport network in areas inhabited by indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North in Yakutia
Authors: Savvinova Antonina , Filippova Viktoriya , Borisov Alexey , Gnatyuk Galina , Fedorova Alla
Published: June 2021

The paper considers the natural, historical, economic and geographical factors of the formation and development of the transport network in the areas inhabited by Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of the North in Yakutia. A brief analysis of historical periods of transport network development in Yakutia was carried out. A retrospective statistical analysis of the indicators of the road network development and its access for the areas inhabited by Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of the North: the length and density of public roads, the coefficients for assessing the level of the road network and transport was chosen as the study method. The analysis was based on the Engel, Goltz, Uspensky coefficients, as well as the density indicator of the road network as key indicators. Taking into account all coefficients the ranking of areas inhabited by Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of the North showed that high level of transport security of the population is typical for the areas with industrial development and a welldeveloped road network – Neryungrinsky, Mirninsky and Aldansky. The average level is typical for most areas that have year-round regional roads and winter roads. The lowest level of transport security of the population is observed in the Allaikhovsky and Oleneksky districts.
Drei Dekaden Darmresektionen bei Patienten mit M. Crohn
Authors: Iesalnieks Igors , Agha Ayman , Dederichs Frank , Schlitt Hans Jürgen
Published: June 2021

Einleitung Die Behandlung des M. Crohn – vor allem die medikamentöse – erlebte in den letzten 20–30 Jahren einen starken Wandel. Die vorliegende Beobachtungsstudie fasst alle Darmresektionen wegen M. Crohn zusammen, die in den letzten 3 Dekaden an 2 großen spezialisierten Zentren durchgeführt wurden. Die perioperativen Trends und Entwicklungen sollten identifiziert werden.

Methoden Eingeschlossen wurden alle Darmresektionen bei M. Crohn. Ausschlusskriterien waren: Resektionen bei Malignität, abdominoperineale Rektumexstirpationen wegen Crohn-Analfisteln, ausschließliche Stomaanlagen und -rückverlagerungen und Resektionen, die einen anderen Grund als M. Crohn hatten. Die Daten wurden von 1992 bis 2004 retrospektiv und danach prospektiv gesammelt. Ausgewertet wurden 6 Zeiträume: 1992–1995, 1996–2000, 2001–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2015 und 2016–2020.

Ergebnisse Es wurden 811 Darmresektionen ausgewertet. Zwischen 2000 und 2015 konnten gleich mehrere sehr starke Trends beobachtet werden: erhöhte präoperative Einnahme von Immunmodulatoren und Biologika, sinkende präoperative Steroideinnahme, Verzicht auf präoperative Darmvorbereitung, erhöhter Anteil an voroperierten Patienten und Patienten, die sich mit penetrierendem Befallsmuster vorstellten, Einführung neuer Operationstechniken (Laparoskopie, Stapleranastomosen) und signifikante Erhöhung der postoperativen Morbidität und Stomachirurgie. In den letzten 5 Jahren seit 2016 zeigten sich folgenden Entwicklungen: signifikant weniger Operationen unter Steroideinnahme oder Immunmodulatoren, signifikant mehr Operationen unter Biologika, Wiedereinführung der präoperativer Darmvorbereitung, starke Reduktion der Morbidität und Stomaanlage, höheres Alter der Patienten, weniger aktive Raucher, weniger Operationen wegen penetrierenden Befallsmusters, sehr starker Anstieg laparoskopischer Operationen.

Schlussfolgerung Vor allem in den letzten 5 Jahren scheint die Crohn-Chirurgie wesentlich sicherer und weniger invasiv zu werden. Die Daten können jedoch nicht auf größere Populationen übertragen werden.
COVID-19 and the Ophthalmology Residency Match: Data from Applicants' Perspectives
Authors: Steren Benjamin , Parikh Ankur , Ahmed Bilal , Young Benjamin , Sridhar Jayanth , Kombo Ninani
Published: June 2021

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on medical education, particularly for those applying to residency programs in 2020 to 2021. This study describes the challenges for potential ophthalmology residency applicants so that residency leadership can make informed decisions about changes to the process.

Methods A survey was distributed electronically via social media and medical school ophthalmology interest groups from June 18, 2020 to July 2, 2020 to individuals interested in applying to ophthalmology residency in the United States. Survey questions included demographics and perceived impacts of COVID-19 on ability, confidence, intention to apply, and perceptions toward changes in the application process for the 2020 to 2021 ophthalmology residency application cycle.

Results One-hundred sixteen total responses were received. Eighty-six responses (74%) were from individuals intending to apply in the 2020 to 2021 application cycle. Most respondents (86%) felt that their application would be affected by COVID-19 with 51% feeling less confident. Only four (5%) felt that they could adequately compile a rank list following a video interview, and over half (51%) anticipated applying to more programs than they originally intended. Academic plans of seven (8%) respondents were significantly altered via deferral of application or cancellation of a research year. Thirty-nine (45%) students reported delayed ophthalmology electives, with less than half (41%) feeling that they had adequate clinical exposure to be prepared for residency.

Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on the 2020 to 2021 ophthalmology residency application cycle. As stakeholders begin to approach this cycle, these findings will help them make effective and informed decisions to create the best overall experience for all involved.
Profound Hypotonia and Respiratory Failure due to Suspected Nemaline Myopathy in a Preterm Infant
Authors: Akuamoah-Boateng Gloria , Stetson Raymond C. , Kaemingk Bethany D. , Bieber David A. , Brumbaugh Jane E.
Published: June 2021

Congenital myopathies, such as nemaline myopathy, may present with hypotonia and respiratory failure in the neonatal period. Respiratory function can be further compromised in affected infants by the development of chylous effusions. We present the case of a preterm male infant born at 326/7 weeks' gestation, who was profoundly hypotonic and required intubation at birth. His clinical course progressed from acute to chronic respiratory failure with mechanical ventilation dependence. He developed bilateral chylous pleural effusions during the newborn period. Whole exome sequencing identified an ACTA1 gene mutation leading to the presumed diagnosis of nemaline myopathy. This case highlights the need to include congenital myopathies in the differential for a preterm newborn with hypotonia and respiratory failure.
Immunological Testing in Assisted Reproductive Technology
Authors: Odendaal Joshua , Quenby Siobhan
Published: June 2021

Fetal implantation requires carefully orchestrated involvement of the maternal immune system. Aberrant function within implantation has been suggested as a cause of implantation failure. The emergence of immunological theories of miscarriage has led to immunological testing as an adjuvant treatment in assisted reproductive technology; however, it remains controversial, with mixed evidence both for immunological cause and the benefits of immunological testing. Literature on common methods of immunological testing within assisted reproductive technology is reviewed including those of peripheral and uterine natural killer cells, chronic endometritis, and T-helper cells cytokine ratio. There is little consensus in the evidence on immunological testing in the context of recurrent implantation failure. The field is limited by a lack of uniformity in approach to testing and heterogeneity of the pathophysiological cause. Nevertheless, the maternal immune system is heavily involved in implantation and the new era of personalized medicine ensures that a more defined approach to immunological testing will be achieved.
Polycaprolactone Mesh for Asian Rhinoplasty: Outcomes and Complications of Composite Septal Extension Graft Compared to Mesh-Only Graft
Authors: Hyun Seung , Cho Seung Woo , Baek Rong-Min
Published: June 2021

Despite the great demand of aesthetic rhinoplasty in Asian population, it is difficult to obtain the lasting ideal tip projection along with lengthening of the nose due to the small and weak nasal septum. The shortage of available septal cartilage to work with is another major obstacle. A retrospective study was conducted between January 2017 and December 2019 in Seoul, Korea. A total of 774 patients underwent septorhinoplasty using polycaprolactone (PCL) mesh for the cosmetic enhancement of the nasal tip and the projection. Comparisons of aesthetic outcomes, patients' satisfaction surveys, and complications were performed between PCL mesh-only group and composite PCL group. Of all the patients, 97.5% of the patients in composite PCL group were rated more than 3 scores in aesthetic outcomes, whereas 90.4% in mesh-only group (p-value = 0.0002). About 96.7% of the patients with composite PCL rated their satisfaction level as more than satisfied, whereas 94.3% in mesh-only group (p-value = 0.0365). Overall, there were 17 patients in composite PCL group who exhibited complications including decreased tip projection, deviated nasal tip, mesh infection, and mesh exposure. However, there were two patients who had mesh injection in mesh-only group. Septorhinoplasty with septal extension graft using composite PCL graft provides robust support to the aesthetically modified projection and the lengthened nose without obvious complications on the nasal tip. Such technique allows surgeons to overcome the nature of Asian nose that is weak and small, and also provides satisfaction to patients who desire ideal tip projections and dramatic changes.
Monte Carlo analyses of the fusion neutron and gamma signals from the chromium self-powered detector
Authors: Raj Prasoon , Angelone Maurizio , Fischer Ulrich , Klix Axel
Published: June 2021

To test the applicability of self-powered detectors (SPDs) for radiation monitoring in fusion reactor blankets, several irradiation tests have been undertaken with the ad hoc designed Cr-SPD, which presents the novelty of using chromium as the emitter material. This detector was exposed to an intense 60Co gamma-ray source, and to the 14 MeV neutrons produced by the D–T fusion reaction. Detailed analyses of the measured signals have been done here using a Monte Carlo modeling technique. We describe the simulations of the fusion neutron and gamma tests of the Cr-SPD, and compare their results with the experimental ones. Keeping in view the difficulty in computational reproduction of the sophisticated nuclear-electrical phenomena behind low-level SPD signals, our model is found to perform well, giving correct electrical polarities and orders of magnitude of the signals, as well as valuable insights into their different components. Our experience has highlighted the deficits and the needed improvements for the traditional SPD simulation techniques for prompt signal analyses.
Generation and effects of electromotive force in turbulent stochastic reconnection
Authors: Nowak Natalia , Kowal Grzegorz , Falceta-Gonçalves Diego A.
Published: June 2021

Reconnection is an important process that rules dissipation and diffusion of magnetic energy in plasmas. It is already clear that its rate is enhanced by turbulence and that reconnection itself may increase its stochasticity, but the main mechanism that connects these two effects is still not completely understood. The aim of this work is to identify, from the terms of the electromotive force, the dominant physical process responsible for enhancing the reconnection rate in turbulent plasmas. We employ full three-dimensional numerical simulations of turbulence driven by stochastic reconnection and estimate the production and dissipation of turbulent energy and cross-helicity, the amount of produced residual helicity, and determine the relation between these quantities and the reconnection rate. We observe the development of the electromotive force in the studied models with plasma-β=0.1−2 and the Lundquist number S=10−5−10−4. The turbulent energy and residual helicity develop in the large-scale current sheet, with the latter decreasing the effects of turbulent magnetic diffusion. We demonstrate that the stochastic reconnection, apart from the turbulence, can produce a finite value of cross-helicity (the magnitude of the turbulent cross-helicity to energy of the order of 10−5−10−3). Under this situation, the cross-helicity to turbulent energy ratio, however, has no correlation with the reconnection rate. We show that in this range of magnitude, the cross-helicity is not a necessary condition for fast reconnection to occur. The results suggest that cross-helicity is inherent to turbulent fields, but the reconnection rate enhancement is possibly caused by the effects of magnetic turbulent diffusion and controlled by the residual helicity.