bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alegoria e símbolo
Authors: Santos José Deribaldo Gomes
Published: June 2020

Este artigo debate a relação entre a alegoria e o símbolo, temática importante para a Grande Estética de Lukács, uma vez que as distinções e as contraposições entre o alegórico e o simbólico possibilitam que o autor húngaro se aproxime do conceito de realismo. O realismo, para o esteta de Budapeste, é o que marca a autenticidade artística. Este trabalho opta por um estudo de caráter teórico-bibliográfico. Por meio de uma análise imanente sobre recorte da Estética do esteta magiar, o artigo considera que a chamada arte de vanguarda, por se inclinar para uma alegoria vazia de conteúdo, abandona as demandas do drama humano. Esse abandono faz com que a arte moderna, de modo geral, caminhe em direção, do conformismo decorativo, por um lado, e, por outro, do inconformismo irracional.
Lukács e a emigração na URSS (1933-1945)
Authors: Duayer Juarez Torres
Published: June 2020

Resumo: Os escritos estéticos de Lukács durante a emigração na URSS constituem uma súmula de seu posicionamento contra o despotismo stalinista e a ortodoxia soviética. A despeito das “autocríticas protocolares”, os textos expressam a crítica interdita pelo dogmatismo e o sectarismo característicos do período e irão repercutir a preocupação do autor de que a Estética e Para uma Ontologia do Ser Social, fossem consideradas como sua contribuição à urgência da construção de um projeto de renovação e renascimento do marxismo.
A particularidade da constituição do capitalismo alemão em Marx
Authors: Silva Vladmir Luis da
Published: June 2020

Ao longo de sua obra, Karl Marx sempre manifestou preocupação com a particularidade do capitalismo em cada país. Nosso principal objetivo neste artigo é o de discutir algumas passagens da teorização marxiana acerca da constituição do capitalismo na Alemanha. Pretendemos fazer isso por meio da leitura imanente de alguns textos de Marx.
El pensamiento utópico en Christa Wolf
Authors: Castano María Belén
Published: June 2020

La propuesta se detiene en analizar el eco del pensamiento utópico de Ernst Bloch presente en los ensayos de Christa Wolf “Der Schatten eines Traumes. Karoline von Günderrode -ein Entwurf” (1978) y “Nun ja! Das nächste Leben geht aber heute an. Ein Brief über die Bettine” (1979) . Asimismo, se profundizará la caracterización del romanticismo de Wolf como revolucionario utópico, que implica una crítica a la Modernidad y a la civilización capitalista y que está ligado al feminismo
Dickens, “nuestro amigo en común”
Authors: Lenga Jesica Daniela
Published: June 2020

En el presente artículo consideramos las aproximaciones de la crítica literaria marxista a la obra de Charles Dickens durante el período 1933-1984.  Se pretende dar cuenta del modo en que estos análisis de la obra del novelista inglés articulan los debates acerca de la definición de una Estética marxista. Asimismo, se indagará en la funcionalidad de la metodología de la crítica literaria marxista para elucidar la singularidad de la literatura dickenesiana.
Triunfo do realismo: o que é isso?
Authors: Araújo Paula Alves Martins de
Published: June 2020

Ao analisar uma obra literária, Lukács a localiza em seu contexto histórico-social. Em seus estudos sobre Tolstói, por exemplo, ele busca demonstrar como a obra desse escritor supera certas dificuldades impostas em sua época para o “grande realismo”. Para tanto, foram essenciais as reverberações da revolução camponesa russa. Ela permitiu, de acordo com o filósofo, que Tolstói rompesse, até certo ponto, com as limitações de sua própria visão de mundo reacionária e atingisse uma figuração precisa, realista da realidade russa. Isso é o que Lukács chama de “triunfo do realismo”. Ele remonta à compreensão de Engels sobre a relação entre literatura e o posicionamento ideológico do autor, explicando como é possível – sob determinadas circunstâncias – que a visão de mundo reacionária de um autor não só não deforme a figuração da realidade, mas também contribua – positivamente – para sua realização literária. Com essa apreciação, Lukács se distancia de alguns críticos da II. Internacional, em cuja avaliação Tolstoi não passava de um conde reacionário – o que ele era –, aproximando-se e desenvolvendo as análises de Lênin sobre o escritor russo. Para Lênin, Tolstói era o espelho literário da revolução russa de 1905. Lukács busca então desvelar como esse acontecimento histórico se imprime na composição de Tolstói. Por si só, tal reconstrução hermenêutica tem seu interesse; ela sugere, para além, o complexo de questões em torno da decadência ideológica, tão caro à fortuna crítica sobre Lukács . Pois, em paralelo a sua análise sobre Tolstói, Lukács menciona o destino de autores ocidentais como Flaubert, para quem, a despeito de sua honestidade inquestionável, tal caminho já não era mais acessível e sua obra permaneceu inferior às narrativas do grande realismo. em uma tensão constante. Esse e o outro lado da moeda, repleto de elementos que subjazem à compreensão de Lukács sobre a literatura moderna. Nosso artigo visa assim discutir essa tese, perguntando-se quais são as circunstâncias que tornam possível um tour de force realista. Também nos interessa avaliar o contexto em que Lukács desenvolve essa tese, considerando suas polêmicas contra o sociologismo vulgar, bem como seu engajamento na frente popular nos anos 1930.
INVESTIGAÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DA LEISHMANIOSE VISCERAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE SOBRAL, CEARÁ DE 2014 A 2018
Authors: Marinho Rocha Moisés Bruno
Published: June 2020

A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma doença causada por protozoário da família Psychodidae, gênero Leishmania, transmitida por flebotomíneos, conhecidos popularmente como mosquitos-palha. O Brasil é um país de área endêmica, registrando ocorrência de casos em todas as regiões nacionais, razão pela qual se mostra necessário um estudo ativo de casos notificados e confirmados dessa parasitose. O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer um levantamento epidemiológico na base de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) sobre o número de casos notificados de LV no quinquênio de 2014 a 2018 em Sobral-CE. As variáveis analisadas foram a incidência dos casos de LV em Sobral e, em nível estadual, a zona de residência, a faixa etária, a escolaridade e a evolução da doença. De acordo com os dados obtidos e tabulados em gráficos e tabelas, identificou-se um padrão de indivíduo que pode ser acometido pela doença, além de dados que reforçam o fato da LV ser considerada caso novo, de recidiva ou de transferência. Depois da revisão dos dados, constatou-se que as medidas preventivas são efetivas, mas o Município de Sobral ainda é definido como área endêmica, por ter um dos maiores números de casos do Estado do Ceará.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DA EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM SOBRE OS CUIDADOS DURANTE A HIGIENIZAÇÃO NO PACIENTE IDOSO
Authors: Lopes Thaynara Ferreira , Fernandes Bruna Karen Cavalcante , Nogueira Jessica De Menezes , Freitas Maria Célia de
Published: June 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo apreender as representações sociais da equipe de enfermagem sobre os cuidados realizados ao idoso durante a higiene corpórea. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada com participação de seis enfermeiros e 16 técnicos de enfermagem da equipe de um hospital de atendimento terciário da cidade de Fortaleza-Ceará. Para processamento dos resultados, utilizou-se o software Alceste. Como método de análise, empregou-se a análise do conteúdo, a qual foi desenvolvida a partir da Teoria das Representações Sociais de Moscovici. A partir da análise da classe três que se ressalta a prevenção de complicações, e a classe quatro reforçando a importância dos cuidados e prevenção da pele do idoso e quais tipos de tecnologias são necessárias para isto. Portanto, foi possível identificar os temas mais citados pelos profissionais relacionados à higiene do idoso foram referentes aos principais cuidados prestados e sua importância.
SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE: A VISÃO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Oliveira de Mesquita Karina , Cavalcante Muniz Lira Roberta , Vasconcelos Lira Geison , Ribeiro de Sousa Carla , De Araújo Dias Maria Socorro
Published: June 2020

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar o conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem acerca das práticas de segurança do paciente no cenário da Atenção Primária à Saúde do município de Sobral-Ceará, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado no período de novembro de 2016 a abril de 2017. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para a análise, foram estabelecidas três categorias: Conhecimento dos profissionais sobre Segurança do Paciente; Educação permanente sobre Segurança do Paciente; Percepção dos profissionais sobre os incidentes na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Constatou-se que a maioria dos profissionais compreende de maneira diversa a segurança do paciente, além de trazerem pouca argumentação no que tange a temática. Profissionais associaram a segurança do paciente à concepção de prestação do atendimento humanizado ao paciente. Os depoimentos apontaram, em sua maioria, desconhecimento sobre a segurança do paciente, evidenciando a necessidade de formação profissional acerca do tema. Neste estudo, notou-se a necessidade de trabalhar o desenvolvimento da cultura de segurança no ambiente da Atenção Primária à Saúde, local onde esse processo é complexo pela variedade de áreas envolvidas, a contar pelos aspectos organizacionais, pessoais e de gestão.
DO LITORAL À SERRA: A EXPERIÊNCIA DO PLANIFICASUS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAUDE EM SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Paiva Neto Francisco Timbó de , Rodrigues Débora Batista , Rovaris Maria De Fátima de Souza , Paresque Marcio Anderson Cardozo
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho objetiva relatar a experiência da execução do projeto PlanificaSUS na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em Santa Catarina, bem como identificar e discutir os primeiros resultados após 11 meses de aplicação das atividades nos cenários de prática no estado. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, elaborado no contexto do desenvolvimento das etapas da APS do PlanificaSUS nas regiões de Foz do Rio Itajaí e Serra Catarinense. Participam do projeto, considerando as duas regiões, 29 municípios com participação de 2429 profissionais de saúde nas programações dos workshops. É possível que constatar que, apesar de ainda não concluído integralmente, o referido projeto é reconhecido pelos atores envolvidos e considerado um instrumento propício para organização dos macroprocessos e microprocessos da APS, apresentando potencial aplicação em outras linhas de cuidado e regiões de saúde do estado de Santa Catarina e assim, ofertar a qualificação do planejamento, operacionalização e avaliação das Redes de Atenção à Saúde (RAS) e dos indicadores de saúde da população catarinense.
Teacher Education and Development in Africa: A Modern Perspective
Authors: Wamalwa Peter Wekesa , Masibo Edwin Nyongesa
Published: June 2020

Teacher education programme is a critical component of education and the life of any society. It normally lays the very foundations of the society. It spurs and pushes the various aspects of development in the society through well-established culture and character of such a society. But for this programme of education to perform this development function efficiently it must be well designed, developed and constantly reformed and modernized so as to keep it abreast with the emerging issues both in education and society. This process is only possible through the conduct of regular studies in education and society to establish new developments and also facilitate the generation of relevant innovations to promote the quality of Teacher education programme. However, there is no evidence that such a process has ever been initiated and conducted in Teacher education programme since the inception of this programme in modern Africa. This paper is designed to explore the importance of Teacher education programme in modern Africa, the relationship between Teacher education programme and development in modern Africa, the roe of this programme in modern Africa, strategies of harnessing the programme for development in modern Africa and the challenges of the programme in modern Africa. This narrative is likely to shade light on the need of Teacher education programme in development in modern Africa and the role of innovative research in this process. Hence, set in motion the desired development in modern Africa.
Planning and Optimal Design of the Outdoor Open Spaces of Kindergartens in Basrah Governorate, Iraq: A case study of Al -Yassemin and Al-Ashar Kindergartens
Authors: Al Thiabi Zahraa A.N. , Al-Samray Samira M.S.
Published: June 2020

Kindergarten buildings play an important role in society for their roles in the rehabilitation of children before  joining  the primary stage to fit  the development of the educational process., They are considered the first real social establishment organizing and preparing  the child for the  outdoor  world to show  his personal creative and intellectual energy .The relationship between the kindergarten building and its open spaces and its impact on increasing the cultural and social awareness are reflected successfully on the educational communication of children. The researcher has presented the proposed designs using modern technical  program (AutoCAD) and she  hopes that this study will be a part of future plans in the planning and designing of open spaces of kindergarten buildings including comprehensive basics and international standards of childhood.
Esneklik Ölçeği’nin Geliştirilmesine İlişkin Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması
Authors: AKPOLAT Tuba , ÇETİN Münevver
Published: June 2020

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, araştırma görevlilerinin esnek çalışma algılarını ölçmeye
yarayan bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Esnek çalışma, resmi ya da gayri resmi
uygulamalar sonucu, zaman ya da mekanda çalışan ya da işveren tarafından
gerçekleştirilebilecek değişimleri ifade etmektedir. Ölçeğin geliştirilme
süreci dört aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Öncelikle taslak form hazırlanmıştır. Taslak
form uzman görüşüne sunularak geçerlilik çalışması yapılmıştır. Ardından pilot
uygulama yapılarak, taslak forma son şekli verilmiştir. Son olarak, çalışma
grubu üzerine uygulanan taslak forma geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması
yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu İstanbul İlinde bulunan devlet ve
vakıf üniversitelerinde çalışan 445 araştırma görevlisi oluşturmaktadır. KMO
değerinin .79 olduğu ve veri setinin faktörlenmeye uygun olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Esneklik Ölçeği’nin özdeğeri 1.00’in üzerinde olan 2 faktörlü yapı sergilediği
görülmüştür. Bu iki faktör İşin Yapısından Kaynaklı Esneklik ve Zamansal
Esneklik (Muğlaklık) olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Ölçeğin alt boyutlarından İşin
Yapısından Kaynaklı Esneklik  için
Cronbach alfa değeri .761 ve Zamansal Esneklik (Muğlaklık) için Cronbach alfa
değeri .761’ dir. Ölçeğin tamamı için bulunan Cronbach alfa değeri .774’tür.
Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, geliştirilen Esneklik
Ölçeği’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilmektedir.
Coefficients of Gaussian Polynomials Modulo $N$
Authors: Pentland Dylan
Published: June 2020

Let $\left[{n \atop k}\right]_q$ be a $q$-binomial coefficient. Stanley conjectured that the function $f_{k,R}(n) = \left|\left\{\alpha : [q^{\alpha}] \left[{n \atop k}\right]_q  \equiv R \pmod{N}\right\}\right|$ is quasi-polynomial for $N$ prime. We prove this for any integer $N$ and obtain an expression for the generating function $F_{k,R}(x)$ for $f_{k,R}(n)$.
Constructing Isostatic Frameworks for the $\ell^1$ and $\ell^\infty$ Plane
Authors: Clinch Katie , Kitson Derek
Published: June 2020

We use a new coloured multi-graph constructive method to prove that if the edge-set of a graph $G=(V,E)$ has a partition into two spanning trees $T_1$ and $T_2$ then there is a map $p:V\to \mathbb{R}^2$, $p(v)=(p_1(v),p_2(v))$, such that $|p_i(u)-p_i(v)| \geqslant |p_{3-i}(u)-p_{3-i}(v)|$ for every edge $uv$ in $T_i$ ($i=1,2$). As a consequence, we solve an open problem on the realisability of minimally rigid bar-joint frameworks in the $\ell^1$ or $\ell^\infty$-plane. We also show how to adapt this technique to incorporate symmetry and indicate several related open problems on rigidity, redundant rigidity and forced symmetric rigidity in normed spaces.
Enumerating Parking Completions Using Join and Split
Authors: Adeniran Ayomikun , Butler Steve , Dorpalen-Barry Galen , Harris Pamela E. , Hettle Cyrus , Liang Qingzhong , Martin Jeremy L. , Nam Hayan
Published: June 2020

Given a strictly increasing sequence $\mathbf{t}$ with entries from $[n]:=\{1,\ldots,n\}$, a parking completion is a sequence $\mathbf{c}$ with $|\mathbf{t}|+|\mathbf{c}|=n$ and $|\{t\in \mathbf{t}\mid t\leqslant i\}|+|\{c\in \mathbf{c}\mid c\leqslant i\}|\geqslant i$ for all $i$ in $[n]$.  We can think of $\mathbf{t}$ as a list of spots already taken in a street with $n$ parking spots and $\mathbf{c}$ as a list of parking preferences where the $i$-th car attempts to park in the $c_i$-th spot and if not available then proceeds up the street to find the next available spot, if any.  A parking completion corresponds to a set of preferences $\mathbf{c}$ where all cars park.

We relate parking completions to enumerating restricted lattice paths and give formulas for both the ordered and unordered variations of the problem by use of a pair of operations termed Join and Split.  Our results give a new volume formula for most Pitman-Stanley polytopes, and enumerate the \emph{signature parking functions} of Ceballos and González D'León.
Some Self-Access Principles
Authors: Cooker Lucy
Published: June 2020

In this article, I will describe how the Self-Access Learning Centre (SALC) at Kanda University of International Studies (KUIS) was established, and discuss some of the personal philosophies of self-access centres (SACs) and self-access learning that I have developed over the eight years of being associated with this centre.
English Language Writing Centres in Japanese Universities: What do Students Really Need?
Authors: McKinley Jim
Published: June 2020

The installation of English language writing centres in Japanese universities is a relatively recent event—the first ones established with funding from the Ministry of Education in 2004. Because of the EFL writing context, setting up a writing centre requires consideration of students’ needs and cultural expectations of writing and writing centres. In general, writing centres that have been established in Japanese universities follow a structure similar to those in the US. This raises the question as to whether or not this is appropriate for the particular needs of EFL students and the obstacles they face. For this study, in order to explore students’ attitudes toward writing centres and the role they play in writing education, interview data was collected from students of English composition in two different departments at a university in Japan well known for its English language education: the English department, which does not have a writing centre, and the liberal arts department, which has one of the first writing centres established in Japan.
Integrating Self-Access into the Curriculum: Our Experience
Authors: Thompson Gene , Atkinson Lee
Published: June 2020

Linking self-access and classroom learning is a difficult and time-consuming business, but one which can lead to great rewards as learners develop independent learning skills and assume greater responsibility for their learning. This paper will outline the approach for encouraging independent learning employed in the first year English language curriculum at Hiroshima Bunkyo Joshi Daigaku (HBJD), a four-year women’s only university in Japan. Two different methods for doing this will be introduced: employing project-based learning activities and linking classroom activities with a Self-Access Learning Center (SALC). The design of the curriculum and the materials encourage individualized learning, while the project-based and independent learning activities promote learner responsibility and control of learning (Dickinson, 1987) through utilization of the SALC. This paper will outline the issues involved in shifting from a weakly linked curriculum and SALC to a more strongly linked curriculum-SALC relationship. It will provide specific examples of this challenge before also discussing examples of the successes and failures that have been faced by the curriculum design and self-access teams in attempting to create a curriculum which strongly promotes independent learning. It is hoped that sharing these experiences will provide some useful insights into the issues surrounding the encouragement of independent learning and how these issues can be tackled practically in a teaching situation.
Self-Access Language Learning in Museums: A Materials Development Project
Authors: Cooker Lucy , Pemberton Richard
Published: June 2020

This paper reports on a project carried out at The University of Nottingham to create and evaluate English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) materials with the aim of exploiting the self-access language learning possibilities that museums offer. A series of thematic resources were produced and trialed with ESOL learners in the Lincolnshire area. Feedback from the learners indicated that museums could have an important role to play in providing flexible language learning opportunities for ESOL students. The authors conclude by suggesting that other public facilities such as libraries, art galleries, botanical gardens and even football stadia could be exploited for this purpose.
Enhancing a Self-Access Website
Authors: Rubesch Troy
Published: June 2020

Since July of 2009, the Self-Access Learning Center (SALC) at Kanda University has maintained a student-oriented Let’s Study English website (accessible at http://elisalc.org). The website acts as an extension of the physical space of the SALC, supporting the Center’s commitment to student access to information and materials which suit individual students’ learning needs, abilities and preferences. It also widens the learning environment- enabling students to access SALC information and resources virtually anywhere at any time. Lastly, it helps promote a community of language learners, encouraging student involvement in Learning Center activities.
Internet-Based Resources for Developing Listening
Authors: Peterson Ene
Published: June 2020

Developing listening skills comes “naturally” for some students, but with great difficulty for others. Acquiring listening skills can even be frustrating for some students. For some time, listening was regarded as a “passive” or “receptive” skill and, consequently, not particularly crucial as a skill area to be taught. Researchers then began to recognize the importance of listening and its role in comprehensible input (Krashen, 1982), and attention to and adoption of newer comprehension-based methodologies brought the issue to the fore. Listening became a skill to be reckoned with and its key position in communication recognized (Feyten, 1991; Omaggio Hadley, 2001). In the communicative approach to language teaching, this means teachers modelling listening strategies and providing listening practice in authentic situations: those that learners are likely to encounter when they use the language outside the classroom. Given the importance of listening in language learning and teaching it is essential to give our learners opportunity to develop and improve their listening skills not only in the classroom, but outside the classroom as well.
Review of Open Culture website
Authors: Taylor Anna
Published: June 2020

Today’s learners have become so tech-savvy that to catch up with them and maintain their interest, teachers have to be a couple of steps ahead. It is mind-boggling how in the age of Facebook and Twitter, there are still many great websites out there just waiting to be discovered. To me, Open Culture (http://www.openculture.com) was such a discovery.
Beliefs about Self-Access Learning: Reflections on 15 years of change
Authors: Gardner David , Miller Lindsay
Published: June 2020

This paper examines the degree to which the beliefs of stakeholders in self-access language learning in tertiary institutions in Hong Kong have changed during a 15 year period. To identify changes a comparison is made between the findings of a research study conducted in the mid-1990s in five self-access centres (Gardner and Miller, 1997) and the current situation. The following four key areas are examined: materials for self-access learning, integration of self-access centres and language learning courses, motivation and the effectiveness of a self-access centre. The comparison reveals that the degree of change in these four areas vary. We reflect on the causes of change.
Listening to the Learner: A Qualitative Investigation of Motivation Towards the Use or Avoidance of Self-access Centres
Authors: Gillies Hamish
Published: June 2020

This paper reports on a follow-up study to Gillies (2007), in which a survey was conducted to investigate how tertiary-level Japanese EFL students understand and interpret their use or non-use of their institution’s self-access centre (SAC). The survey data revealed general trends regarding the factors which motivate the students’ use of the SAC as well as reasons why students choose not to use it, while also suggesting four types of students, via cluster analysis. Employing Dornyei’s (2005) L2 Motivational Self System as a theoretical framework, the current paper attempts to probe deeper into the survey data, and specifically tease out the factors influencing the use or non-use of the SAC. It reports on a set of semi-structured interviews with a purposeful sample of nine students from amongst the survey respondents. The interviewees included representatives of each of the four clusters identified in the survey data. The interview transcripts were then subjected to coding and labelling, and key themes in the data emerged: the SAC as an environment; the SAC as a community of selves; the SAC as contrasted with the classroom. Related to these themes, it was found that in the first year of university, identities are forged, distinguishing regular SAC users and rare SAC users. The SAC is an attractive environment for students with strong ideal L2 selves, while being uncomfortable for less confident students. The former type of student is more likely to see the classroom environment as restrictive, while the latter views it as sheltered and supportive. Meanwhile, the level of English proficiency is not in itself predictive of SAC use, but rather the level of L2 motivation, in particular the strength of the learner’s ideal L2 self. The paper discusses these themes and findings, and concludes with implications for the SAC, and suggestions for making the centre accessible and appealing to a wider cross-section of the overall student body.
The Effect of Chinese ESL Learners’ Beliefs and the Implications for their Autonomous Learning
Authors: Zhong Qunyan
Published: June 2020

What beliefs do Chinese learners hold about language learning? What is the effect of these beliefs on their autonomous learning? These are the two questions that this study aims to address. I employed naturalistic inquiry (Lincoln & Guba, 1985) to investigate five Chinese ESL learners’ beliefs about language learning and their learning behaviour. A number of instruments (interviews, classroom observations and stimulated recall, learning logs) were used to collect triangulated data over a 12-week period. Following standard procedures of qualitative data analysis, I identified five categories of learners’ beliefs. The results revealed that the beliefs that the learners held were context-specific, reflecting their learning experiences. Some of them were conducive to learning autonomy while others were not. The beliefs influenced the level of the learners’ autonomy. The study suggests that educators should take into account learners’ beliefs when promoting autonomous learning.
Lessons Learned while Managing my First Book Club
Authors: Marland Holly
Published: June 2020

Extensive reading has become a popular way to promote language development. I had long wanted to introduce my students to pleasure reading as a means to improve their English, but because I was only teaching conversation courses, I saw no opportunity to do so. However, last semester, I decided to start an extracurricular book club, and it has been one of the most rewarding projects I have ever undertaken. The club was successful on many levels including the promotion of learner autonomy. This article is about the steps I took and the lessons I learned in the process of managing my first book club during one semester at a university in South Korea.
Self-Access Evolution: One University’s Journey Toward Learner Control
Authors: Heigham Juanita
Published: June 2020

This article describes the development of a small self-access center at a university in central Japan. The center grew out of pre-existing language lab and evolved into a student-run center facility that has very little daily teacher or staff control. The paper describes the main stages this low-budget center moved through to bring it to its current status and shares some student views on the value of the center.
Geo-Strategic and Historical Linkages as Major Factors for the Growth of Female Trans-border Trade Along the Mamfe-Ekok-Ikom Corridor between Cameroon and Nigeria, 1988– 2016
Authors: Ndip Tabi James , Akara Damian T
Published: June 2020

In some parts of Africa, women have been conspicuous along trade routes and very active in trans-border commerce for many years. This phenomenon is not uncommon along the borders between Cameroon and its neighbours as was the case in the trans-border trade between Cameroon and Nigeria, especially along the Mamfe-Ekok-Ikom trajectory. It is rather unfortunate that some scholars tend to undermine the role of women along this route as they have erroneously stigmatised them as commercial sex workers (prostitutes) blaming it on the economic crisis that rocked the foundations of national and local economies in various parts of Africa. This study, however, sets out to examine the geo-historical dynamics that disposed women into trans-border trade in the said corridor. With the aid of primary and secondary sources and the use of qualitative analysis using the interdisciplinary approach, various conclusions denoted. The article underscores the view that the natural milieu and historical linkages of the Mamfe-Ekok-Ikom corridor predisposed women into trans-border trade given the proximity and socio-cultural ties of the border communities. The findings reveal that women involvement in trans-border trade within the Mamfe-Ekok-Ikom corridor was rather a natural integration into the historical process of human interactions in a definite geographical setting. The natural environment provided the material conditions for the increased involvement of women in trans-border trade in the area. It is hoped that this perspective shall debunk the stigma associated with misinterpretation of the presence of women in the said trajectory and to rather raise awareness of the women’s ability and legitimacy in exploiting the opportunities in trade along the area. It will, therefore, serve as an eye-opener to policymakers to rethink and to valorise women’s contribution in trans-border trade within the corridor.
Sustained Consumption of an Infusion of Chaya Leaf (Cnidoscolus Aconitifolius) Does Not Affect Nutritional Biomarkers in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Aarón Kuri-García , Jazmín Aranda-Vargas Paola , Ulisses Moreno-Celis , Ricardo Cervantes-Jiménez , Carmen Mejía , Teresa García-Gasca , Augusto Ferriz-Martínez Roberto , Luis Chávez-Servín Jorge
Published: June 2020

Currently, the use of medicinal plants is one of the most important biotechnological alternatives in the treatment of numerous diseases, particularly non-communicable diseases. One such plant, Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, also known as “chaya” in Mexico, is a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals. It is widely distributed across Central America and has ornamental, food, and medicinal values. Studies are needed to confirm that there are no negative effects after sustained consumption of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius. Experiments using animal models can be used to evaluate the possible chemopreventive effects of this plant against various diseases consistent with ethnobotanical information. Accordingly, a preclinical longitudinal experimental study in Sprague Dawley rats was conducted at 16 and 32 weeks' after the daily consumption of an infusion of chaya leaf. Bodyweight gain, food and beverage consumption, blood analysis, and histological analysis of the organs responsible for metabolism and excretion were evaluated. No significant differences were found between the control group and the group that consumed the chaya leaf infusion after 16 and 32 weeks. The proposed experimental model may be reliably used for research purposes to evaluate the possible effectiveness of this plant in preventing and/or treating chronic diseases.
Effect of Curcumin Supplementation on Liver Function Enzymes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zeinali Khosroshahi Mohammad , Mokhayeri Yaser , Mardani Mahnaz , Eslampour Elham , Mohammadi Rasool , Kashkooli Sara , Abbasnezhad Amir
Published: June 2020

Results of the previous studies assessed the effect of curcumin/turmeric on liver function are controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the efficacy of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on liver function. A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, SCOPUS and Google scholar until March 15, 2018, to retrieve the randomized controlled trials which examined the effects of curcumin/turmeric on alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase. Meta-analyses were carried out using a random effects model where heterogeneity was significant or I2 > 50%. The search yielded 1946 citations. 16 randomized controlled trials with 1238 patients were eligible. Results indicated that curcumin/turmeric supplementation significantly reduced serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Curcumin/turmeric supplementation with doses more than 500 mg/day appeared to have beneficial reducing effects on aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation were observed in less than 12 weeks supplementation. Present meta-analysis indicated the beneficial effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on liver function. Therefore, curcumin can be considered as a therapeutic component to reduce liver injuries in subjects who are at risk of liver damages.
Efektifitas Terapi Psikoedukasi terhadap Peningkatan Tumbuh Kembang Anak
Authors: Haryani Siti , Muntamah Ummu , Astuti Ana Puji
Published: June 2020

Background: The Background from the research is a nurse as part of health services to contribute in realizing from the program to improve the quality of children’s development through efforts to psychological services of children. This is a nurse as a concelor.This research has purpose to describe about effectiveness of psychoeduation to development child. Methods: This type of correlation research, research methods with action research, the sampling techniques  is  using total sampling technique, the number of samples used all kindergarten students Nurul Izzah, statistical tests using Wilcoxon. This data has analyzed with  descriptive analysis dan pre test dan post test design use  SPSS (Statistical Packages for Social Sciences). Second step is implementation of psychoeducation to the parents, the instrument used is to use the KPSP question guideObject of this reearch is children and parents. This metode is survey. This resesarch was done 2 step. First step was done pre test of children’s development use by KPSP. Results: The result is psychoeduation very strong  influences on children’s development p=0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Psychoeducation therapy will help the development of children according to age.Research recommendations are to support the growth and development of children, schools can provide education and training on psychoeducation by involving teachers and parents.
Intervensi Gizi dalam Penanganan dan Pencegahan Stunting di Asia: Tinjauan Sistematis
Authors: Atmojo Joko Tri , Handayani Rina Tri , Darmayanti Aquartuti Tri , Setyorini Catur , Widiyanto Aris
Published: June 2020

Background: Stunting has dire consequences for children's health in the short term which can decrease cognitive, motor and verbal abilities, increase morbidity and even mortality. Nutrition intervention is absolutely necessary in efforts to reduce and prevent stunting. Purpose this study is to identify nutrition interventions in handling and preventing stunting in Asia.  Methods: This search was conducted from September to October 2019, through various databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL. Article inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trial, retrospective, observational study, case study, review, systematc review, and meta-analysis. Results: The review results show that in Asia there were 8 specific nutrition programs and 9 sensitive nutrition programs. Conclusion: Interventions for sensitive and specific nutrition programs have been shown to reduce the incidence of stunting and address the long-term effects of stunting in various countries in Asia, but the programming and implementation can be arranged according to country needs and conditions.
Analisis Implementasi Algoritma Penanganan Kegawat Pra Rumah Sakit Oleh Masyarakat sebagai First Responder di Surakarta
Authors: Widodo Widodo , Sumardino Sumardino
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background: Between 2006-2015, there were reported at least 6270 disasters affecting 5 continents. Of the total disasters, there were at least 8,197.66 people died, 70,597 survival nd damage to the economic sector was around 1,989,866,263 dollars. The safety of the victims are very dependent on various factors, therefore collaboration of the whole community is needed in providing first aid at the scene before getting help from the health setting. The purpose for this study is to describe the understanding of prehospital emergency management algorithms for the community as the first respondent in Surakarta. Methods: This study uses an pre experimental research design with the Pre-Test-Post Test Group design without control group with the subject of people of Surakarta City after recruited using consecutive sampling techniques and 222 respondent were finally recruited. After following pretest, respondents received training about the implementation of the firtst aid algorythm and post-test was delivered at the end. The variable in this study is the community's ability in providing first aid during emergency in the community. Result: A questionner was used to meassure knowledge before and after following training. Wilcoxon Match Pair test was used to compare the data from pre-test and post-test. The majority of subjects have good knowledge and increased knowledge after following training pertaining to be first responders. Conclusion: Training and simulation are essential in order to increase and maintain first responders capacity in providing aid before referring to health care setting. In addition, community needs to continue to be given socialization and understanding of the existence of PSC 119 so that the first aid that has been given optimally will get maximum further assistance.
Desplazamiento forzado interno y salud mental en pueblos indígenas de Colombia
Authors: Ruiz Eslava Luisa Fernanda , Urrego Mendoza Zulma Consuelo , Escobar Córdoba Franklin
Published: June 2020

Antecedentes: Ya que el desplazamiento forzado interno de indígenas colombianos es un fenómeno que sigue en aumento, es necesario continuar estudiando las repercusiones que esta situación puede llegar a tener sobre la salud mental de los indígenas. Objetivo: dilucidar las relaciones entre desplazamiento forzado interno por conflicto armado y salud mental en indígenas colombianos, con foco en el pueblo Emberá. Metodología: se realizó un estudio cualitativo con técnicas mixtas, basado en el pensamiento complejo. La investigación se realizó en diversas fases, clasificadas en dos grandes categorías: 1) revisión de la literatura sobre el tema (desplazamiento forzado interno y salud mental en indígenas), y 2. Trabajo de campo con indígenas Emberá en situación de desplazamiento forzado en Bogotá D.C. y expertos en el tema (realización de encuestas abiertas y a profundidad, grupos focales y observación participante). Resultados: Se encontró que el conflicto armado colombiano ha forzado a la población indígena, a desplazarse desde su entorno rural a escenarios urbanos, afectando su modo de vida. En esta población, la familia y la comunidad son las unidades sociales más alteradas por las consecuencias del conflicto armado, ya que esta situación pone en juego su integración y por ende el colectivo, pues las dinámicas relacionales se transforman y se reorganizan para afrontar una nueva realidad. Conclusiones: El conflicto armado afecta a los indígenas mediante el despojo de sus territorios y a través de la pérdida, desestructuración y transformación de su cultura, siendo ambos factores determinantes de la salud mental indígena
Análisis de la carga fúngica en el aire de la sala “Fragmentos de Historia a Orillas del Nilo” y del exterior del Museo de La Plata, Argentina
Authors: Mallo Andrea Cecilia , Nitiu Daniela Silvana , Elíades Lorena Alejandra , Santa Cruz Mauro García , Saparrat Mario Carlos
Published: June 2020

Se realizó un estudio aerobiológico de esporas fúngicas en el aire, su dinámica estacional y el análisis de la incidencia de los factores ambientales en el riesgo de biodeterioro en la sala Egipcia del Museo de La Plata. Se detectaron 18 tipos de unidades fúngicas de dispersión (esporas y otros elementos vegetativos) en la carga microrobiana. El promedio anual de UFC/m3 aire para los 3 sitios de la sala mostró 31158,90 elementos, comparado con 28046 en el sitio exterior. Aspergillus niger, Beauveria, Fusarium oxysporum y Penicillium fueron los tipos más abundantes. El análisis de la variación diaria de temperatura y humedad en el interior de la Sala, indicó que la variable fuera de rango fue la humedad relativa. Las estrategias combinadas de monitoreo aerobiológico proporcionan nuevas herramientas para la evaluación y predicción del tiempo de vida de los diferentes materiales.
Diagnóstico de materiales y lesiones en las fachadas del centro histórico de Cuenca (Ecuador)
Authors: Aguirre Ullauri María del Cisne , Castillo Carchipulla Edison Maximiliano , López León Darío Miguel
Published: June 2020

Los materiales utilizados en envolventes y fachadas cumplen un papel sustancial en la constitución de los edificios a nivel estético y funcional. La sinergia de agentes climáticos, actividades antrópicas relacionada al uso, intervenciones nocivas, vandalismo y otros factores evidencian deterioro. En el caso del Centro Histórico de Cuenca (Ecuador) este panorama ha sido poco estudiado, por lo que la presente investigación expone una aproximación desde a) el análisis arquitectónico de 35 envolventes, b) la tipificación de lesiones, c) la evaluación de impacto ambiental y, d) la propuesta de aplicación normativa para estudios analíticos previos a la intervención. Se identifican 14 materiales de uso histórico con afecciones en niveles severo y moderado; los más usados y afectados son los cerámicos, térreos y vítreos, además de la madera y el travertino a nivel particular. Se expone la sensibilidad de los materiales frente al ambiente y la demanda de políticas técnicas para su conocimiento y tratamiento. Por su capacidad inferencial se consideran 5 envolventes como el punto de partida para el estudio analítico conforme normativa internacional.
Influencia del método de aplicación en la consolidación con nanopartículas de sílice (SiO2): arenisca del claustro de la Catedral de Pamplona
Authors: Samaniego Jiménez Irene , Zornoza Indart Ainara
Published: June 2020

La influencia del método de aplicación en la eficacia consolidante de nanopartículas de SiO2 ha sido evaluada en una arenisca deteriorada proveniente del claustro de la Catedral de Pamplona utilizando los métodos de aplicación más empleados, brocha y espray y, estudiando el método de perforación y goteo. Para ello, se analizaron los cambios en las propiedades físicas del material pétreo tras la aplicación del tratamiento utilizando técnicas no destructivas o microdestructivas (velocidad de propagación de ultrasonidos, test de adhesión superficial, resistencia a la microperforación, comportamiento hídrico y espectrofotometría). Los resultados demuestran que el método de aplicación influye notoriamente en la efectividad del consolidante, dejando de manifiesto que la selección del método de aplicación depende del estado de conservación del material pétreo, la localización de su deterioro (superficial, interno o ambos) y de las propiedades intrínsecas del material que determinan la compatibilidad con el producto, su penetración y por tanto, su eficacia.
Factores de alteración del retablo en madera policromada; una propuesta de terminología y clasificación
Authors: Domínguez Gómez Benjamín
Published: June 2020

Describir bajo metodología científica el “estado de conservación” de un retablo en madera policromada, poniéndolo en relación con los riesgos a los que se ve sometido, exige contar previamente con una clasificación justificada de esas unidades que denominamos “causas” o “agentes de deterioro” de una forma concreta y organizada. Esto supone identificar, ordenar y describir el origen de los daños manifestados sobre la obra, los cuales han sido generados en un proceso continuado en el tiempo en el que toman partido un alto número de variables, relacionadas entre sí de forma articulada y compleja. Partiendo de los trabajos que nos han precedido, exponemos una revisión crítica del tema, proponiendo una nueva clasificación de los agentes de deterioro que tienen incidencia sobre esta tipología de obras de arte.
Mapeo de fluorescencia inducida por láser de pigmentos en murales secco pintados
Authors: Gómez-Morón María Auxiliadora , Ortiz Rocío , Colao Franceso , Fantoni Roberta , Becerra Luna Javier , Ortiz Pilar
Published: June 2020

La fluorescencia inducida por láser es una técnica de análisis a distancia, aplicada con éxito en tiempo real para el diagnóstico de obras de arte, permitiendo la observación de características invisibles al ojo humano, como rastros de retoques o la presencia de consolidantes modernos.

El objetivo de este artículo es generar una base de datos de pigmentos históricos con sus respectivos aglutinantes y consolidantes, realizada para respaldar la identificación remota y el mapeo de estos materiales en un mural de la forma menos invasiva posible. Para este objetivo, se ha utilizado una fuente láser monocromática ultravioleta que emite a 266nm con escaneado remoto en combinación con reflectancia. Se realizaron modelos de pintura mural en técnica a secco de acuerdo con las recetas tradicionales del siglo XVII.

Análisis digital de imagen, análisis de componentes principales y mapeado de ángulo espectral ha sido llevado a cabo para obtener los datos de mapeado de dos pigmentos seleccionados, azul esmalte y rojo carmín en una pintura mural real (siglo XVII). Esta técnica no invasiva nos permitió trabajar de manera remota, a una distancia de 11 m de la obra de arte. Los resultados son consecuentes con los microanálisis tradicionales llevados a cabo para identificar pigmentos mayoritarios.