bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kesulitan Siswa dalam Memecahkan Masalah Teorema Pythagoras
Authors: Indrawati Nenny , Nuramilan Nuramilan , Amin Nursafitri
Published: June 2024

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengetahui lebih jauh tentang kesulitan dan faktor penyebab kesulitan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah teorema pythagoras. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 2 Tinambung tahun 2022/2023 sebanyak 31 orang siswa. Adapun subjek penelitian sebanyak 6 orang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Subjek penelitian dipilih untuk mewakili tingkat kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan materi teorema pythagoras yaitu kategori tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa tes kemampuan memecahkan masalah dan pedoman wawancara. Tes kemampuan memecahkan masalah pada materi teorema pythagoras untuk memperoleh data kesulitan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah teorema pythagoras sedangkan pedoman wawancara untuk melengkapi dan memperkuat informasi yang berasal dari pemberian tes pada materi teorema pythagoras. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa; (1) subjek dengan tingkat kemampuan kategori tinggi tidak mengalami kesulitan; (2) subjek dengan tingkat kemampuan kategori sedang tidak mengalami kesulitan; (3) subjek dengan tingkat kemampuan kategori rendah mengalami kesulitan pada tahap melaksanakan rencana. Faktor yang menyebabkan kesulitan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah teorema pythagoras adalah (1) pengalaman, (2) motivasi, (3) kemampuan memahami masalah, (4) keterampilan (5) Kurangnya ketelitian dan kehati-hatian dalam menyelesaikan soal
Studying and Learning Islam in Achieving Amal during Ramadan in the Community of Dusun Suka Makmur, Riau
Authors: Iwanda Lubis Muya Syaroh , Aldila Fadhlika  , Siregar Khadijah Nadhirah , Miftahul Jannah  , Nur Azlin Karimah  , Sinta Aqila Istikomah  , S Suci Meilani
Published: June 2024

The prosperous villagers were in the new village of rambah, kec. Rambah samo, kab. Tip upstream, prov. Riau is a society that has a strong desire to seek knowledge. The reasons for this desire are based on a society that has also begun to understand the Koran, the doctrine of Islam. Unfortunately, people's desires cannot be well expressed because there are some factors that cause them to be irresoluble and running.  The lack of manpower and a da 'i in the village is one reason, not to mention a female daiyah or teacher. It is also felt by the taqwa mosque -- the people at the taqwa mosque -- have lost the will to learn because there is neither thrusters nor teachers. For women, there are no da 'iyah women salhaj salaf places to consult on the problems of women, to make women in these villages feel troubled, while women and children are desperately in need, their need for daiyah is so well described by the still many instances of misreading the Koran, still mistaking in worship (especially those that are included in the harmony of Islam), And the lack of understanding of women to the laws that pertain to women. The methods of this study use community based research (CBR), the findings of scientific research activities conducted have encouraged and given children and mothers the opportunity to be active and involved in increasing their love of the quran, Arabic and islamic language more deeply into women's fiqh laws during Ramadan.
Combating Global Warming and Modern Wars is much about Sedimentology
Authors:   Jammu, Bhat G M
Published: June 2024

The Paris Agreement on climate change came into force on 4 November 2016 which was adopted by 196 Parties at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) in Paris on 12 December 2015. Under this agreement, 175 countries are legally bound to commit themselves to limit the increase of global warming temperatures to under 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. To achieve this goal, mitigation and adaptation policies have been adopted at the national and international levels. Mitigation measures include decarbonisation policy, for example the large-scale development of low-carbon energies to replace fossil fuel energy in a sustainable way. At present, efforts are focussed on the energy transition from fossil fuel driven energy to low-carbon energy which is mineral intensive. Rare earth elements (REEs) are core components of clean energy technologies such as solar, wind turbines and electric vehicles in the process of energy transition. In the quest for slow down the global temperature rise, development of low-carbon energy to achieve carbon emission reduction goals, rare earth elements are the key components to the energy transition. The criticality of supply and demand of raw materials is the key issue in planning the sustainable transition from fossil fuel driven energy to green energy. Over the past few years many countries established critical raw materials lists, in which rare earth elements have been given most attention.
CONTEMPORARY CONCEPTS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF BANJA LUKA IN THE POST-SOCIALIST HERITAGE
Authors: Perić Romić Ranka
Published: June 2024

The post-socialist development of Banja Luka, the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is characterised by several important features that are noticeable through the transitional processes of establishing a capitalist, democratic society. The reurbanisation of the urban centre, the conversion of the social standard facility, the gentrification of certain parts and zones of the city, as well as the increase of social segregation and redistribution of the population, leave permanent consequences on the urban development of Banja Luka. Construction of a business urban centre will cause the most obvious changes in the urban space, while the use of available public facilities of the socialist period is institutionally transformed into facilities of new content and purpose, whose further use is unquestionable, but functionally changed. Such facilities show that they had, and still have, the same symbolism of meaning, but in two different social systems. This paper sets up a hypothesis that new development patterns based on market development and private ownership do not necessarily give the expected outcomes of urban development modelled after Western cities. Comparing the two periods of development of Banja Luka from the middle of the 20th century to the fall of socialism in 1989, and the period from 1990 to the present, the paper analyses the diversification of urban functions and urban contents, which, on one side lead to spatial redistribution of population, loss of public space and content, but also to the growth of consumption space as a typical feature of the consumer society. Through these processes, the quality of life of urban residents of Banja Luka changes, which leads to the formation of new urban habits and a specific way of life.
PRAVNA SREDSTVA PROTIV ODLUKE O PRITVORU SA OSVRTOM NA PRAKSU VRHOVNOG SUDA
Authors: Dragojlović Joko , Stojanović Jandrić Jovana , Čavić Teodor
Published: June 2024

Sloboda kretanja predstavlja jedno od osnovnih ljudskih prava u savremenim civilizovanim i demokratskim društvima, vrednost koja se snažno štiti kako nacionalnim, tako i međunarodnim pravnim instrumentima, poput Evropske konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda. Ovo pravo, svakako, nije apsolutnog karaktera, pa i međunarodni instrumenti, ali i domaći propisi omogućavaju da se ovo pravo ograniči. Upravo određivanje pritvora u krivičnom postupku, kao mere za obezbeđivanje prisustva okrivljenog, predstavlja ograničenje ove slobode. Kako se radi o ograničavanju jedne od osnovnih sloboda, to su postavljeni strogi uslovi koji moraju biti ispoštovani kako bi takvo ograničenje bilo društveno i pravno prihvatljivo. Tako, Zakonik o krivičnom postupku opredeljuju uslove za određivanje pritvora, a čija je svrha ostvarivanje balansa između prava pojedinca na slobodu, te interesa države za neometanim vođenjem krivičnog postupka. Pored tih uslova, a polazeći od ustavnih garancija u slučaju lišenja slobode i prava na pravno sredstvo, Zakonik o krivičnom postupku predviđa i obezbeđuje pravo žalbe na prvostepeno rešenje kojim se određuje pritvor, a o kojoj žalbi odlučuje vanpretresno veće iz člana 21, stav 4 Zakonika o krivičnom postupku, čija je odluka, kao drugostepena, pravnosnažna. Ovaj rad analizira pozitivnopravna pravila o određivanju pritvora i prava žalbe na takvu odluku, posebno analizirajući presudu Vrhovnog suda koji je, po podignutom zahtevu za zaštitu zakonitosti, morao da preuzme kreativnu ulogu zakonodavca, te razreši pozitivnim pravom neuređeno pitanje dozvoljenosti pravnog leka na drugostepenu odluku o pritvoru, te posledice ovakvog stava Vrhovnog suda.
THE CONCEPT OF CRIMINAL PROFILING IN CONTEMPORARY CRIME SUPPRESSION POLICIES
Authors: Bjelajac Željko
Published: June 2024

Crime, as a constant accompanying phenomenon in the development of every society, is increasingly becoming more serious in today's world. The rise in violent and severe crimes is contributing to growing insecurity and concern within the international community. Current crime trends, beyond their transnational nature, indicate increasing mobility, inventiveness, sophistication, and a certain level of unscrupulousness. This negative social phenomenon, besides hindering the social, economic, political, and cultural development of the community, represents one of the greatest threats to human security. Therefore, modern crime prevention policies must offer effective responses to the dynamic nature of crime, primarily by setting high standards for the selection of police officers, criminal investigators, judges, and prosecutors, along with mandatory periodic education and evaluation. This process includes understanding and enhancing the concept of criminal profiling, which is an essential component of criminal investigation and is inseparably and functionally linked to crime prevention policies. This alignment reflects the goal of this paper.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN SERBIA WITH THE OVERVIEW OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AUTHORITY
Authors: Rapajić Milan , Logarušić Dejan
Published: June 2024

Local self-government represents a form of territorial decentralization. It exists in the states where local self-governments have been given the right to make autonomous decisions on local matters, without the interference of state power, through their local bodies which are chosen by the citizens or in which the citizens have direct vote. The elements which are constituent to the concept of local self-government in Serbia, as well as in the majority of states worldwide are: 1) it is guaranteed and regulated by the Constitution and more closely by law, 2) it is implemented in local communities where the citizens live and meet their everyday needs, 3) it is based on autonomous and original competences which are exercised without state interference, 4) citizens participate in making decisions on local matters directly, or indirectly via local bodies chosen in free elections and the state cannot interfere in their appointment. Self-government authority has been structured towards an assembly model which makes it different from the model of a rationalized parliamentarism at the state/republic level. This model asserts the election of the president of municipality or mayor, in case of cities. The solution from the previous Law on self-government from 2002 has been presented in this paper. It foresaw the direct election of municipality presidents and city mayors which entailed problems in local political practice. The legal framework of the present Law on selfgovernment from 2007 has also been discussed. It provides that municipality presidents and city mayors are elected by local representative bodies. This indirect election of municipality and city leaders in political practice may have the character of direct voting, which is the fact that should not be neglected.
31 MART 2024 YEREL SEÇİMLERİNDE İSTANBUL VE ANKARA’DAKİ FAVORİ BÜYÜKŞEHİR BELEDİYE BAŞKAN ADAYLARININ X KULLANIM PRATİKLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: Canbek Tuğba , Özekmekçi Mehmet İnanç
Published: June 2024

Çalışma; X sosyal platformu özelinde seçim dönemlerinde adayların sosyal medya kullanım pratiklerinin, 31 Mart 2024 tarihinde Türkiye’de düzenlenen yerel seçimlerde İstanbul ve Ankara’daki favori iki adayın X paylaşımları üzerinden analiz edilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada adayların 15-30 Mart tarihleri arasında seçim kampanyaları çerçevesinde yaptıkları paylaşımlar konularına ve paylaşım türlerine göre tasnif edilerek analiz edilmiştir. Paylaşım konularının tasnifinde 7 kod kullanılmıştır: Ziyaret/Etkinlik/Açılış, Seçim Propagandası/Miting, İcraat, Vaat/Proje, Seçim Güvenliği ve Duyuru/Bilgilendirme. Paylaşım türü kategorisi altındaysa adayların yaptıkları paylaşımlar önce etkileşimli paylaşım olup olmadıklarına göre kodlanmış, etkileşimli paylaşımlar ise X sosyal platformumun etkileşim sağlama özellikleri olan hashtag, retweet ve mention kullanımına göre tasnif edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerden hareketle İstanbul ve Ankara’daki favori belediye başkan adaylarının seçim kampanya süreci boyunca X kullanım pratikleri karşılaştırılarak bir sonuca varılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Uluslararası İlişkilerde Kozmopolitanizm ve Küreselleşme
Authors: Birol Ali Fuat
Published: June 2024

Günümüzde, kozmopolitan teorinin uluslararası ilişkiler teorisine potansiyel katkılarının göz önünde bulundurulması, küreselleşmenin getirdiği zorluklar nedeniyle oldukça zorlu bir hal almıştır. Her ne kadar 1990'larda kozmopolitan teori üzerine yapılan akademik çalışmaların sayısı önemli ölçüde artmış olsa da kozmopolitan teoriyi tek başına incelemek teorik kısıtlamaların bazılarını aşmak için yetersiz kalmaktadır. Daha kapsamlı bir kavrayış elde edebilmek için onu küreselleşme sürecinin sonuçlarıyla birlikte ele almak gerekmektedir. Böyle bir amacın sonucu olarak bu çalışmada, küreselleşme süreci bir siyasal mekân sorunu olarak tartışılacak ve küreselleşmenin sadece bir zaman/mekân sıkışması olarak ele alınamayacağı, farklı mekânlaşma biçimlerinin bir arada işlediği daha karmaşık bir süreci işaret ettiği ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Böylece, kozmopolit siyaset ihtimali bir mekân sorunu bağlamında ele alınarak, küreselleşmenin bir kozmopolit siyasal düşünce için siyasal mekânı sağlayan bir süreç olmaktan ziyada, ulus temelli bir dünyada var olma biçimi ile kozmopolitan ideal arasında sıkışmış bir duruma işaret ettiği gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Placing Value in Domestic Interiors
Authors: Li Weixuan , Piccoli Chiara
Published: July 2024

This article explores the interplay between place and value in the display of art in domestic spaces in seventeenth-century Amsterdam, using the painting collection of Pieter de Graeff (1638-1707) and Jacoba Bicker (1640-1695) as a case study. With the aid of a schematic 3D reconstruction of their house, based on De Graeff’s inventory and other sources, this research brings these artworks back to their original domestic context, testing hypotheses regarding their placement and visual impact while investigating display patterns. The 3D spatial mapping of De Graeff’s inventory connects the paintings’ monetary values with their location, and helps evaluate the symbolic and emotional values attributed to family portraits and other artworks. The article is accompanied by a methodological section in the HTML format detailing the 3D reconstruction process and sources.
SCHEDULING EVALUATION OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT USING FUZZY LOGIC APPLICATION FOR SCHEDULING (FLASH) METHOD
Authors: Hasugian Devina Bianca Putri Rahadyan , Maharani Aditya , Rachman Farizi
Published: June 2024

For the running of a project, it is necessity to have project planning such as project schedule. PT Ometraco Arya Samanta is a company that engaged in steel structure. This company implement schedule planning based on tonnage. This method is considered suboptimal, since in its implementation has discrepancy of completion time between the schedule plan and the actual. To get an optimal schedule, it needs appropriate method. Construction project is a complex project and has uncertainty completion time. Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Fuzzy Logic Application for Scheduling (FLASH) could be used for projects with uncertain completion time and more emphasis on time estimation than cost. PERT and FLASH are using three estimation time, then obtained probability percentage of completion time. Nevertheless, PERT is only consider the completion time by the critical path, while FLASH is able to determine project time by the entire project activities. Thereby, the methods used in this article is FLASH. The analysis results of this case study as follows: the interval completion time with FLASH in the amount of 106 days for optimistic time, 237 days for pessimistic time, and 169 days for most likely time. By the duration target of 179 days, it is obtained 85,29%.
Dalam pengerjaan suatu proyek diperlukan perencanaan proyek berupa penjadwalan proyek. PT Ometraco Arya Samanta merupakan perusahaan konstruksi baja. Perusahaan ini memanfaatkan penjadwalan berdasarkan tonase proyek. Metode tersebut dirasa belum optimal, sebab dalam pelaksanaannya sering kali terjadi ketidaksesuaian waktu penyelesaian proyek antara rencana dengan aktualnya. Untuk mendapatkan penjadwalan yang optimal, diperlukan metode yang tepat. Proyek konstruksi merupakan proyek yang kompleks dan memiliki durasi penyelesaian yang bersifat tidak pasti. Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) dan Fuzzy Logic Application for Scheduling (FLASH) dapat digunakan untuk proyek yang memiliki ketidakpastian waktu dan menekankan pada estimasi waktu daripada biaya. PERT dan FLASH menggunakan tiga estimasi waktu yang kemudian didapatkan persentase kemungkinan terselesaikannya proyek. Namun, PERT hanya memperhitungkan waktu penyelesaian proyek berdasarkan lintasan kritis, sedangkan FLASH dapat mempertimbangkan waktu proyek dari keseluruhan kegiatan proyek. Sehingga, metode yang digunakan di dalam artikel ini adalah FLASH. Hasil analisis dari penelitian ini didapatkan selang waktu penyelesaian proyek yaitu waktu paling cepat 106 hari, waktu paling lama 237 hari, dan waktu paling mungkin sebesar 169 hari. Dengan menggunakan waktu target 179 hari, didapatkan probabilitas sebesar 85,29% dari rentang waktu 169 hari hingga 237 hari.
OPTIMALISASI PENDISTRIBUSIAN BARANG DENGAN MODEL MIXED INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING PADA PT. LOGISTIK EKSPRESINDO UTAMA
Authors: Zaharuddin  , Rafika Apriani Pratiwi  , Uun Novalia Harahap
Published: June 2024

PT. LogistikEkspresindoUtama is a service company that has integration services ranging from land, sea and air Freight Forwarding services, PPJK (Customs Service Management Company), and Transportation Management for Projects, which is supported by a complete selection of land, sea and air transportation fleets specializing in handling cargo that requires special handling both at home and abroad. The company's subjective judgment alone has been used to choose the current route, and the shipping cost has not been considered. As a result, a unique approach is required to solve this issue. Consequently, this research aims to identify a cost-effective route and optimize distribution costs. This study uses the Integer Linear Programming method to optimize the delivery of goods and minimize transportation costs. Based on the data processing results using the Integer Linear Programming method, it can minimize the distance of 604 km or 13.04%; the minimum travel time is 14.9 hours or 12.88%; the minimum total distribution cost is Rp 1,154,650 or 16.47%.
PT. Logistik Ekspresindo Utama merupakan salah satu Perusahaan Jasa yang memiliki layanan integrasi mulai dari jasa Freight Forwardingdarat, laut maupun udara, PPJK (Perusahaan Pengurusan Jasa Kepabeanan), Manajemen Transportasi untuk Project, yang didukung oleh pilihan lengkap armada transportasi darat, laut dan udara spesialisasi dalam menangani kargo yang membutuhkan penanganan khusus baik di dalam maupun luar negeri. Penilaian subjektif perusahaan saja yang digunakan untuk memilih rute saat ini, dan biaya pengiriman belum diperhitungkan. Akibatnya, untuk menyelesaikan masalah ini, diperlukan pendekatan yang unik. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi rute yang hemat biaya dan mengoptimalkan biaya distribusi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Integer Linear Programming untuk mengoptimalkan pengiriman barang dan meminimalkan biaya transportasi. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data menggunakan metode Integer Linear Programming dapat meminimumkan jarak tempuh sebesar 604 km atau 13,04%, minimum waktu tempuh sebesar 14,9 jam atau 12,88%, minimum total biaya distribusi sebesar Rp. 1.154.650 atau 16,47%.
NARRATIVE REVIEW : POLA BAKTERI, SENSITIVITAS DAN PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH
Authors: Sandi Dita Ayulia Dwi , Sari Okta Muthia , Maulana Muhammad Ridho
Published: July 2024

Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) merupakan penyakit infeksi terbanyak setelah infeksi pada saluran pernafasan, dengan jumlah kasus mencapai 8,1 juta pertahunnya. Penyakit ISK disebabkan keberadaan mikroorganisme dalam saluran kemih. Mikroorganisme bakteri merupakan penyebab utama ISK. Naratif review ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pola bakteri, pola terapi dan sensitivitas antibiotik pada infeksi saluran kemih. Metode yang dipilih pada penelitian ini adalah narrative review dari studi ilmiah terkait infeksi saluran kemih. Sumber data diperoleh dari Google Scholar, ScienceDirect dan PubMed. Artikel penelitian yang digunakan ialah 4 jurnal terkait pola bakteri ISK, 7 jurnal terkait pola terapi ISK dan 3 jurnal terkait sensitivitas antibiotik pada pasien ISK. Berdasarkan hasil analisis pola bakteri, bakteri yang paling banyak menyebabkan ISK yaitu Bakteri Eschericia coli, pola terapi antibiotik pada penyakit ISK meliputi golongan sefalosforin, siprofloksasin, kotrimoksazol, klindamisin, gentamisin, golongan penisilin dan meropenem. Antibiotik yang menunjukkan sensitivitas terhadap banyak bakteri penyebab ISK seperti Escherichia coli adalah ampisilin, ciprofloxacin, gentamisin, amikacin, meropenem, nitrofurantoin dan tigecycline.
Rendemen dan Skrining Fitokimia Simplisia Daun Bayam (Amaranthus viridis)
Authors: Norhayati  , Rizaldi Gusti , Noorwina Syifa , Anida
Published: July 2024

Indonesia kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati. Beberapa tumbuhan yang tumbuh liar di Indonesia adalah Bayam (Amaranthus viridis). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengamati kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak etanol daun Bayam (A. viridis) secara kualitatif. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 tahap. Tahap yang pertama yaitu membuat simplisia kemudian dilanjutkan tahap kedua yaitu skrining fitokimia simplisia. Rendemen yang didapat pada pembuatan simplisia sebesar 20,83%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa daun Bayam (A. viridis) mengandung metabolit sekunder alkaloid, tanin, fenol dan saponin. Saran untuk penelitian ini adalah agar dapat dilakukan isolasi dari metabolit sekunder tersebut kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji aktivitasnya.
Analogue simulation of the temperature response of Mars surfaces to Phobos transits, and vice-versa
Authors: Müller Nils , Knollenberg Jörg , Kaufmann Erika , Hagermann Axel , Grott Matthias
Published: July 2024

The objective of this series of experiments was to support the data interpretation of short period changes in insolation of planetary bodies such as solar eclipses or transits. The temperature response of Martian regolith to the transit of Phobos has been observed by InSight and interpreted in terms of layering in the near surface [Mueller et al. 2021]. Current and future mission may observe similar transits if a suitable thermal infrared instrument is available. An opportunity to observe a similar event with the roles of Mars and Phobos switched may be the rover on the Martian Moons eXplorer (MMX) carrying the Mini-RAD radiometer [Ulamec et al. 2023]. The original mission plan did not foresee a landing on the Mars facing side, but in case the plan is revised due to the changing launch date there might be a chance. There are however open questions about the interpretation of such observations using 1D models of heat conduction [e.g. Mueller et al. 2021]. These models assume that the subsurface is a continuum, while in reality the material consists of particles that are not necessarily small compared to the characteristic depth scale (skin depth) of the material responding to the changes in insolation. The Planetary Ices Laboratory has the necessary equiment to recreate such events on Earth in form of a thermal vacuum chamber and a solar simulator (Fig. 1). The chamber walls can be cooled with liquid nitrogen and a window with mirror on the chamber ceiling allows illumination of an approximately 15 cm diameter spot by the solar simulator. For our test set-up we have placed a tray of about 38x18x2cm filled with regolith analogue material in the center of the chamber (Fig. 2) i.e. encompassing the illuminated spot. The radiometer is set up within the chamber on a rotary stage that allows to move the Field of View of the instrument along the long axis of the tray. The FoV is small enough to fall within the illuminated spot and the rotary stage allows adjustments within the running setup. A small TIR camera also observed the tray. This instrument has lower temperature resolution but provides data on temperature inhomogeneity of the sample. The general approach of simulating the eclipses was to first evacuate the chamber, either refill with 5 mbar CO2 or to leave at
Shape and rotation modelling of asteroids based on multi-directional TESS measurements
Authors: Takács Nóra , Kiss Csaba , Pál András , Szakáts Róbert
Published: July 2024

Using multi-directional measurements from the TESS, we aim to determine the approximate shape and rotation axis of asteroids in the main belt. As a benchmark study, we selected 43 minor planets based on three criteria: each must have observations in at least three separate TESS sectors, an apparent magnitude of
Field observations of Mars analogue subglacial drainage systems in Kangerlussuaq - Greenland ice sheet western margin.
Authors: Grau Galofre Anna , Noblet Axel
Published: July 2024

Glacial erosion on Mars, and specifically the presence and role of basal meltwater on glacial processes, is a matter of long-standing debate. Whereas observations of glacial landforms related to warm-based glaciation exist both for early Mars (e.g., the Dorsa Argentea ridges) as well as for Amazonian Mars (esker ridges in Phlegra Montes), the inventory of glacial landforms seems to be largely limited to that of subglacial drainage. Here we present results from an analogue study comparing interlinked subglacial cavity systems located on the central-western portion of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS), specifically in the region around Kangerlussuaq, with potential subglacial interlinked cavities identified on Batson crater, located northeast of the Hellas basin on Mars. The GIS near Kangerlussuaq is known for subglacial drainage systems consisting on meltwater-filled cavities on a hard bed (Harper et al., 2017), which may become interconnected following episodes of increased discharge. Episodes of connectivity following high pressure subglacial meltwater events may lead to enhanced sliding followed by channelization, and emplacement of subglacial floods (Harper et al., 2017).We present preliminary field and remote sensing observations describing the morphology, topology, organization, and other field characteristics of recently exposed elements of the glacial hydrology system in this analogue site, which were emplaced by the western margin of the GIS. Our field site is located by the Europlanet Transnational Access TA1 Facility 4: Greenland-Kangerlussaq, which offers a unique opportunity to study the subglacial drainage patterns in this region (Carrivick et al., 2016). Few regions in the world offer the opportunity to study recently emplaced, well exposed subglacial morphologies at the level of accessibility of this site. Field data includes in situ-imagery, observations of glacial sliding directions, description of sedimentary deposits, morphology, scale and characteristics of subglacial cavities, and nature of the connection passages. Data acquired in the field is complimented with remote sensing data from the ArcticDEM and Maxar imagery. We then discuss the morphology and geometry of observed interconnected subglacial cavities to morphologically and topologically similar systems located at the Batson crater site on Mars (Grau Galofre et al., 2024), and present a morphometric comparison as well as a qualitative description of similarities and differences with the terrestrial analogue site. We finally discuss the implications for the presence of subglacial interconnected drainage patterns on Mars, and the lessons learned from the Kangerlussuaq analogues to derive identification guidelines, which can assist the community in identifying this somewhat obscure subglacial landforms.
What does the structure of exoKuiper belts tell us about planetesimal formation?
Authors: Marino Sebastian
Published: July 2024

ExoKuiper belts are a common component of planetary systems that occupy their cold outer regions and whose dust is readily detectable in around 20% of stars. This makes these belts ideal objects to probe those outer regions where planet surveys have struggled to detect all but the most massive exoplanets. The dust in exoKuiper belts is not simply a leftover from protoplanetary discs, it rather is a product of collisions of much larger planetesimals. These belts thus offer a unique window to study the formation and evolution of planetesimal discs as the distribution of dust encodes the planetesimal formation history of these systems. Over the last 10 years, ALMA dust observations have transformed our understanding of exoKuiper belts by constraining their morphology. This has revealed a great diversity in terms of belt radii and widths. The ongoing ALMA large program ARKS is constraining the detailed structure of these discs for the first time.  In this talk, I will give an overview of the results of this program, with a specific emphasis on the radial structure of these discs. Preliminary results show a wide diversity of substructures, some of which resemble the multi-ring structures in protoplanetary discs. This comparison between the substructures in exoKuiper belts with those in protoplanetary discs can tell us where planetesimal formation is most efficient in protoplanetary discs. 
Falling Evaporating Bodies in young intermediate mass stars: linked with disc structure?
Authors: Meeus Gwendolyn
Published: July 2024

Exoplanets are often found around Main Sequence stars, but around pre-Main Sequence stars (PMS) it is much harder to find them, and only one confirmed case exists so far. Therefore, it is common to look for indirect signatures of planets in the discs around PMS stars. In this talk, I will discuss detections of variable absorption features of metals in the UV spectra of intermediate-mass PMS stars (the so-called Herbig stars), attributed to (in)falling evaporative bodies (FEBs). These features appear to only be present in flat discs (Meeus group II) , and not in the more flared, gapped discs (Meeus group I) that often are thought to host giant planets, causing large gaps. The absence of signatures of FEBs in the UV spectra could be due to a filtration process at the edge of the gap, halting dust and larger bodies that contain material  with high evaporation temperatures (Si, Fe, Mg,..), while the material with low evaporation temperatures (C,N,O) can flow freely as gas towards the star, where it will be accreted. Such a selective accretion process can cause an underabundance of metals in the photosphere of non-convective stars, what can be verified through spectroscopic metallicity studies, and has indeed already been found in several group I discs around Herbig stars (e.g. Kama et al. 2015, A&A 582, L10; Guzman et al. 2023, A&A  671, 140). 
MEAYIN and its Observational Simulation Grid: Advancing the Search for Habitable Exoplanets and Biosignature Characterization
Authors: Ouyang Qinglin , Liu Jilin , Huo Zhuoxi
Published: July 2024

The search for habitable exoplanets and the characterization of potential biosignatures via atmospheric spectrum represent the forefront of exoplanetary research. Given the faint signals from distant exoplanets, identifying such exoplanets requires next generation observatories with high sensitivity and high resolution. Recently proposed space telescope concepts, such as Habitable-Worlds-Observatory (HWO) and Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE) aim to meet these requirements, promising to enhance the discovery and characterization of habitable exoplanets. We present the Multi-spacecraft Exoplanet Aperture sYnthetic INterferometer (MEAYIN) program from China. MEAYIN utilizes nulling interferometry for direct imaging of potential habitable planets orbiting nearby solar-type stars, aiming to capture their thermal emission spectrum in the mid-infrared (MIR) band to identify biosignatures. In alignment with mission concept and scientific objectives, we report on the development of the observational simulation grid for MEAYIN. This grid, based on exoplanetary atmosphere model, simulates observational spectrum of targets under various conditions (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio, spectral resolution, and wavelength range). Furthermore, by using atmospheric retrieval analysis, we could infer the atmospheric characteristics from simulated spectrum and evaluated whether observational conditions meet observational requirements, thereby informing the instrument design for MEAYIN. We aim to enhance the observational simulation grid to cover different terrestrial planets, different planetary evolutionary stages, and the effects of biological activities on atmospheres. By integrating these simulations with observational data and laboratory experiments on biosignature production mechanisms, we will deepen our understanding of potentially habitable exoplanet properties. This integrative approach will also guide the mission design and instrumentation requirements for MEAYIN and other next generation observatories.
Enhancing asteroid taxonomy classification using multi-band observations
Authors: Klimczak-Plucińska Hanna , Carry Benoit , Oszkiewicz Dagmara , Mahlke Max
Published: July 2024

The emergence of large-scale surveys, exemplified by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), has propelled asteroid taxonomic classification into the realm of big data, facilitating the characterization of hundreds of thousands of objects. Leveraging data from diverse surveys such as SDSS, SkyMapper, and Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA), we present a comprehensive approach to asteroid classification. Integrating multi-band observations across visible and near-infrared spectra, we employ neural networks to obtain the most precise taxonomic classification to date for maximized number of objects. While previous efforts have primarily relied on isolated datasets from individual surveys, our approach merges data from multiple sources to bolster classification robustness. We aim to enhance the accuracy of asteroid taxonomic classification, paving the way for deeper insights into the composition and evolution of these bodies and preparing for the vast datasets anticipated from the forthcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST).
Bistatic Radar Observations in 2022 with Mars Express
Authors: Scholl Dennis , Andert Tom , Pätzold Martin , Semaan Adonees
Published: July 2024

The Mars Express Radio Science Experiment (MaRS) [1] performs bistatic radar measurements (BSR) every two years during the opposition between Earth and Mars when the distance between them is smallest. In 2022, three measurements were successfully executed at the end of November and December over different regions of Mars.The dielectric properties and surface roughness of Mars can be determined using BSR measurements [2, 3]. In this process, the radio subsystem transmitter sends right circularly polarized (RCP) radio signals at two wavelengths, X-Band and S-Band, toward Mars' surface. Part of the transmitted radiation is then scattered back toward a receiver at a ground station on Earth. Both the right and left circularly polarized echo components (RCP and LCP, respectively) are recorded at the ground station.The dielectric constant can be derived from the RCP-to-LCP power ratio, eliminating the need for absolute end-to-end calibration. Instead, relative calibration of the RCP and LCP ground receiver channels can be used. However, achieving accurate relative calibration of the two receiving channels remains challenging.To improve the calibration procedure, an additional step has been added. This step involves pointing the 70 m ground station toward a radio source during the post-calibration process. A comparison between the old and new calibration procedures will be presented, along with initial results for the dielectric constant from all three measurements conducted in 2022.References[1] M. Pätzold et al., “Mars Express 10 years at Mars: Observations by the Mars Express Radio Science Experiment (MaRS),” Planetary and Space Science, vol. 127, pp. 44–90, Aug. 2016.[2] R. A. Simpson, G. L. Tyler, M. Pätzold, and B. Häusler, “Determination of local surface properties using Mars Express bistatic radar,” Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets), vol. 111, no. #E10#, p. 6, 2006.[3] R. A. Simpson, G. L. Tyler, M. Pätzold, B. Häusler, S. W. Asmar, and A. K. Sultan-Salem, “Polarization in Bistatic Radar Probing of Planetary Surfaces: Application to Mars Express Data,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 99, no. 5, pp. 858–874, 2011.AcknowledgementsThe Mars Express Radio Science Experiment (MaRS) is funded by the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Bonn-Oberkassel, under grants 50QM1004 and 50QM1005. We thank the ESA Mars Express Science Operations teams, the MEX Flight Control Team, and the NASA Deep Space Network for their support. Special thanks to the NAIF group at JPL, headed by Charles Acton, for their assistance with the SPICE software package. 
AstroEDU, the innovative platform to learn (with) astronomy
Authors: Giacomini Livia , Aloisi Francesco , Corleone Antonella , Gomez Edward , Mazzolo Giulio , Sanderson Gwen
Published: July 2024

AstroEDU is the open-access platform supported by IAU (International Astronomical Union) that offers a monthly opportunity to discover new, peer-reviewed, high-quality educational activities related to Astronomy. Our planet and its space in the Universe is indeed a great topic to fascinate young generations and to involve them in the general process of learning and growing up, being easily related to many other STEM and nonSTEM disciplines such as math, physics, history, philosophy, art and many othersToday AstroEDU is the only educational platform that mixes two different approaches: the peer-review method of publication in scientific literature, and the bottom-up approach of a collaborative network of teachers and educators. The target audience of AstroEDU is a growing community of educators, students, parents and researchers involved in education. In the last years, AstroEDU has also experimented with new technologies in order to enlarge this community and make it as worldwide and inclusive as possible. In this presentation we will unveil the new AstroEDU platform and its editorial approach to fit this multilingual and diverse community. We will provide an overview of the innovative activities that have been published to date, asking ourselves to what limit they can be considered “open educational resources”, accessible and usable from all around the world.We will also focus on how new technologies such as A.I. can be used to improve the user experience, introducing A.A.A., the AstroEDU Artificial Assistant, currently under development. 
Enhancing Planetary Science Discovery through the NASA Science Explorer
Authors: Jarmak Stephanie ,   The NASA Astrophysics Data System and Science Explorer Team
Published: July 2024

The NASA Science Explorer (SciX) expands on the Astrophysics Data System (ADS) to provide a unified platform for disseminating research across all disciplines of NASA's Science Mission Directorate, adhering to the FAIR principles—Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable as a cornerstone of NASA's Transform to Open Science (TOPS) initiative. SciX leverages artificial intelligence technologies, such as Named Entity Recognition (NER) optimized by astroBERT and SciXBrain, to enhance data linkage and citation accuracy in planetary science. By improving interoperability with the Planetary Data System (PDS) and other archives, SciX facilitates seamless access to data products and software, boosting scientific collaboration and enhancing NASA missions' scientific return. The integration of tools like the IAU/USGS Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature into SciX allows researchers to directly connect scholarly publications with named planetary features, simplifying the exploration of planetary science data. SciX aims to deepen community engagement through tailored outreach strategies including the SciX Ambassadors program. The SciX Ambassadors program has selected 12 Lead Ambassadors from diverse scientific backgrounds to promote interdisciplinary collaboration and enhance the platform's utility and visibility within the global scientific community, including planetary science. The growth of our diverse network of ambassadors will enable continuous, tailored refinement of the platform’s features while fostering an environment that advances planetary science, interdisciplinary connections, and NASA’s broader goals in open science.
Revised analytic theory of the Yarkovsky force
Authors: Mikhalchenko Olga , Golubov Oleksiy , Lipatova Veronika
Published: July 2024

. IntroductionThe Yarkovsky effect is a recoil force from the emitted thermal radiation that causes a slow change of asteroids’ orbits [1]. Its evolutionary significance includes spreading asteroid families and delivery of asteroids to the Kirkwood gaps thus re-supplying the population of near-Earth asteroids by the new members from the main belt, whereas its practical applications range from asteroid mass determination to prediction of asteroid hazard. Ordinarily the Yarkovsky effect is either estimated from an oversimplified linearized thermal model of a spherical asteroid or simulated fully numerically. The former path compromises the accuracy, whereas the latter conceals the physics. We choose the middle path between the spherical Scylla and the numerical Charybdis, and create a compromise theory that is simple for understanding and parametric analysis, sufficiently precise for practical use, and thoroughly verified at each step by comparison with numerical simulations.2. Thermal modelFor each surface element of the asteroid express the mean Yarkovsky force FY asHere, A is the asteroid’s Bond albedo, LΘ is the solar luminosity, S is the area of the surface element, r is the asteroid’s distance from the Sun, c is the speed of light, and p is what we call the dimensionless Yarkovsky pressure. This pressure is computed from the solution of the 1D heat equation under a surface element of a convex asteroid with zero obliquity. Under such assumptions, the solution of the non-dimensional heat equation depends on only two free parameters, namely the latitude ψ of the asteroid surface element and the thermal parameter θ, defined as in [2]. In addition to the commonly used analytic solution of the linearized heat equation valid for θ>>1, we also apply the approach of [3] to construct the opposite approximation θ1 and θ
Population Synthesis Models Indicate a Need for Early andUbiquitous Disk Substructures
Authors: Delussu Luca , Birnstiel Tilman , Miotello Anna , Pinilla Paola , Rosotti Giovanni , Andrews Sean
Published: July 2024

Large mm surveys of star-forming regions enable the study of entire populations of planet-forming disks and reveal correlations between their observable properties. The ever-increasing number of these surveys has led to a flourishing of population study, a valuable tool and approach that is spreading in ever more fields. Population studies of disks have shown that the correlation between disk size and millimeter flux could be explained either through disks with strong substructure, or alternatively by the effects of radial inward drift of growing dust particles. In this study we performed a population synthesis of the continuum emission of disks varying the initial conditions of the disk and substructure to constrain the parameters and initial conditions of planet-forming disks and address the question of the need for the presence of substructures in disks and, if needed, their predicted characteristics to best reproduce the observed distributions of disk sizes, millimeter fluxes, and spectral indices available. We showed that observed distributions of spectral indices, sizes, and luminosities together can be best reproduced by disks with significant substructure, namely a perturbation strong enough to be able to trap particles, and that is formed early in the evolution of the disk. Agreement is reached by relatively high initial disk masses and moderate levels of turbulence. Only opacities with high absorption efficiency can reproduce the observed spectral indices. Our results extend to the whole population that substructure is likely ubiquitous, so far assessed only in individual disks and implies that most "smooth" disks hide unresolved substructure.
A Comprehensive and Self-consistent Approach to the Late Accretion and Composition of Rocky Planets
Authors: Haghighipour Nader , Burger Christoph , Schäfer Christoph
Published: July 2024

We have developed a comprehensive and self-consistent approach to simulate the late accretion and composition of terrestrial/rocky planes. Our approach begins with simulating the collisional growth of planetesimals and continues with resolving giant impacts using our state-of-the-art SPH-based model. We take into account all relevant physical processes including the dynamical friction due to the debris and planetesimal disks, migration of planetesimals and embryos, and the perturbation as well as possible migration of giant planets. As the most important step toward a fully comprehensive and realistic model, our approach incorporates SPH simulations into N-body integrations in real time allowing collisions to be simulated accurately as they occur. Results point to several important findings. For instance, in the context of our solar system, almost all simulations produced an Earth-analog. In the context of extrasolar planets, when giant planet migration was considered, rocky super-Earths were produced routinely. Simulations also show that the capture into resonance of migrating giant planets does not play a significant role on the formation of rocky planets. The most important finding of our simulations is that while giant planets may affect the inventory of planet-forming material, hence their compositions, they play no role in the mechanics of the formation of rocky planets and the transfer/transport of chemical compounds to them. Formation and delivery of chemical compounds are merely due to the mutual interactions of planetary embryos, a process that occurs even when no giant planet exists. We will present the results of our study and discuss their applications to the formation, composition, and early differentiation of Earth-like planets and rocky super-Earths.Figure 1: Snapshots of SPH simulations of two different collisions. The impactor (smaller body, in blue) approaches the target from the left. The color coding represents different compositions, e.g., water on the impactor in blue and silicate material (basalt) in red. Iron core material (light gray). Top: Accretionary collision, graze-and-merge, where after a brief hit-and-run-like period the bodies fall back and merge. Bottom: Typical hit-and-run encounter with only relatively little volatile transfer. (Burger et al., 2020, A&A, 634, A76)