bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Governance in Providing Facilities of Sungai Bambu Child Friendly Integrated Public Space, North Jakarta City
Authors: Rahmaningtyas I , Rahayu A Y S
Published: October 2019

The development of a country cannot be separated from development which includes the fulfillment of children’s rights. Through the Regulation of the State Minister for Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2011, it was emphasized the importance of establishing a Child-Friendly City Development Policy. The regulation triggered the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government to remain committed to realizing the Eligible City of Children by creating Child-Friendly Integrated Public Spaces (RPTRA) in administrative cities. From 31 indicators set by the Ministry of Women’s Empowerment (KPP) for Eligible Cities, 70 to 80 percent of them can be achieved through RPTRA. Due to the high budget needs, the government cannot operate alone but also collaborates with the private sector in its development. This study aims to find out collaborative governance conducted by the government, and the private sector in the provision of Sungai Bambu Integrated Child Friendly Public Space (Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak, abbreviated as RPTRA) facilities, North Jakarta City. This research is important because it can provide an overview and conclusions related to collaborative governance modelling in the construction of RPTRA. This study uses a post-positivist approach based on the Collaborative Governance theory by Emerson & Nabatchi (2015). Interviews and documentation studies were data collection techniques. The results of this study indicate there is a dynamic of responsive collaboration between one component and another. The Context System factors that influence the dynamics of collaboration are public resources and service conditions, policy and legal frameworks, socio-economic and cultural characteristics, political dynamics and power relations, and the history of conflict.
Study of Performance-Based Contract Application in Building Maintenance
Authors: Malelak E J , Hatmoko J U D , Wibowo M A
Published: October 2019

Some buildings have no clear and structured maintenance. Currently building maintenance is mostly done when there has been damage or system instability attached to the building. Besides that, there are still not many buildings that have data about the age of use of each particular facility, for example plumbing, lights, faucets, telephones, and past data related to the changes that have been made. In one hand, a good maintenance system has been implemented in road projects because it uses Performance Based Contracts (PBCs). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the application of Performance Based Contracts in buildings. The research method is in quantitative and qualitative ways to analyze the opportunities for the implementation of Performance Based Contracts in building maintenance by way of case studies. The object of research is government and private building. The results of this study are the compilation of the initial concept of building maintenance based on the Performance Based Contract (PBC). The implication of this research is the potential for making performance-based contract standard documents for more structured buildings so that they can effectively manage building maintenance.
Study of Physical Arrangement with M3K Concept Based On Element Urban Design in Gemblakan Bawah Village Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Nurrokhmi R , Widjajanti R
Published: October 2019

The river boundary is a buffer zone between the river and terrestrial aquatic ecosystems. The community’s lack understanding of river border functions causes the use of river boundary as residential areas. This condition occurs in the River Code boundary, Yogyakarta. To restore the river border, Pamerti Kali Code (a community engaged in the Code River observer) initiated the concept of M3K (Mundur Munggah Madhep Kali). The physical arrangement of settlements with the M3K concept has been realized in the slum village in Gemblakan Bawah Village located on the banks of the Code River. This village is the 1st segment of 4 segments that are planned for structuring. After the M3K concept was implemented, this village was transformed into a tourist village. In the urban design context, every city must pay attention to element urban design so that the city has clear characteristics. So structuring settlements with M3K needs to be assessed based on the elements of urban design. The purpose of this paper is to identify the application of elements urban design in physical arrangement with the concept of M3K in Kampung Gemblakan Bawah. This research used quantitative methods with quantitative descriptive and frequency distribution analysis. The author obtained data by conducting surveys and questionnaires to 78 families. The analysis was carried out by analyzing the physical condition of the Gemblakan Bawah Village after applying M3K concept based on urban design elements (land use, building and massing, circulation and parking, open space, signage, pedestrian ways, and activity support). The results of the study prove that settlement arrangements with the M3K concept make urban design elements in residential areas increase. Among them are improvements in the form of the regularity of buildings, improvement of river bank circulation into non-motorized lanes as well as new open spaces and the existence of new spaces, support activities in the form of tourism activities that result in improved environmental quality in Gemblakan Bawah Village.
Influence of Site on Streak Patterns and Several Physical Properties of Diospyros celebica Bakh.
Authors: Asdar M
Published: October 2019

Ebony has a beautiful heartwood with black and brown streaks alternately. Each site has various streak pattern in which the industry classified it into two streak types namely batang macis (BM) and sarang laba-laba/bendera (SL). This research was conducted to investigate the influence of site on streak patterns and several physical properties of the heartwood of ebony. Ebony from Parigi has BM streaks pattern and meet the grade B-A, meanwhile ebony from Poso has SL streaks pattern, qualified for grade C only. On the basis of t-test, only L* (lightness-darkness) was differed between the two streak patterns, while wood density and initial moisture content were not differed significantly. The BM streaks pattern has a darker of heartwood color, higher density but lower initial moisture content.
Characteristics of rattan composite lumber made of Calamus zollingeri
Authors: Sulastiningsih I M , Trisatya D R , Sukadaryati
Published: October 2019

To increase the efficiency of rattan utilization, the effort has been conducted by producing rattan composite lumber from unused big diameter rattan. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of layer compositions on the properties of rattan composite lumber (RCL). Rattan strips for RCL fabrication were prepared from Calamus zollingeri, bamboo strips were prepared from Gigantochloa robusta and Gigantochloa pseudoarundinaceae, while wood veneer was prepared from Melia azedarach. Laboratory scale of four kinds of RCL, i.e. rattan bare core (RBC), laminated rattan mayan bamboo lumber (MRM), laminated rattan andong bamboo lumber [ARA], and laminated rattan veneer lumber (VRV) with the dimension of 50 cm x 15 cm x thickness of RCL were fabricated using isocyanate adhesive. Results showed that the properties of RCL were significantly affected by layer compositions. Bamboo strips and wood veneer lamination on the surfaces of RBC improved the physical and mechanical properties of RCL. The improvement in thickness swelling of RCL varied from 35% (ARA)-75.7% (VRV), whereas the improvement in MOR, MOE and compression strength of RCL varied from 6.7% (VRV)-54.4% (ARA), from 40.9% (VRV)-276.8% (ARA) and from 12.8% (VRV)-54.1% (ARA), respectively. Laminated rattan-bamboo lumber and laminated rattan veneer lumber were suitable for furniture material.
The effects of minerals on oil cracking in confined pyrolysis experiments
Authors: Fang Xinyan , Wu Liangliang , Geng Ansong , Lin Daisha , Zhang Yanyan
Published: October 2019

Confined pyrolysis experiments of oil in the presence and absence of minerals were conducted to reveal the effects of minerals on the oil cracking process. The results indicated that the methane generation rates decreased in the following order: oil alone > oil with clastic minerals > oil with carbonate minerals > oil with clay minerals, and the yields of C2-5 decreased in the order: oil with clay minerals > oil with carbonate minerals > oil with clastic minerals > oil alone. That means these minerals inhibited the cracking of C2-5 into methane. The inhibiting effect were decreased in the order: clay minerals > carbonate minerals > clastic minerals. Meanwhile, the ratios of i-C4/n-C4 decreased in the order: oil with clay minerals > oil with carbonate minerals > oil with clastic minerals > oil alone. That means the efficiencies of isomerization catalysed by minerals were decreased in the order: clay minerals > carbonate minerals > clastic minerals. Meanwhile, the ratios of C2H4/C2H6 increased with the order: oil with clay minerals < oil with carbonate minerals < oil with clastic minerals < oil alone. The hydrogenation rates of olefins increased in the following order: clay minerals < carbonate minerals < clastic minerals. The extent of enrichment12C for the generated methane and ethane increased in the order: clastic minerals < carbonate minerals < clay minerals. Such carbon isotopic fractionation during methane and ethane formation was probably induced by the catalytic effect of mineral surface on the terminal methyl group of hydrocarbons. The study of minerals effects on oil cracking may enhance our understanding on the evolution of petroleum reservoirs.
Characteristics of lacustrine mixed marlstone tight oil reservoir in Shahejie Formation of Shulu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, North China
Authors: Fu X D , Shou J F , Wang X F , Zhou J G , Zhang T F
Published: October 2019

A suite of lacustrine mixed marlstone is developed in the lower third member of the Shahejie Formation (Es3l) in the Shulu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, and it is a tight oil reservoir which acts as both source bed and reservoir bed. According to the rock fabric characteristics, the marlstone in Es3l can be divided into two types: lamellar marlstone (stratigraphically mixed) and massive marl (structurally mixed). Both of them contain minerals dominated by calcite, followed by dolomite, and minor quartz, feldspar and clay minerals. The marlstone in Es3l is a typical ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability tight reservoir. Its pore space is classified into two types and eight sub-types, and the matrix pores are mainly nano-scale pores. The lamellar marlstone reservoir shows better physical properties and pore structure than the massive marlstone reservoir. Both the chloroform asphalt “A” content and rock pyrolysis S0+S1 are high, and oil-bearing is universally observed. The development of “sweet spot” is jointly controlled by sedimentary facies, rock fabric, organic matter abundance and maturity, structural fractures.
Influencing factors of the Tmax parameter in Rock-Eval pyrolysis
Authors: Gao Xiuwei , Wang Pengli , Li Ji , Wang Ming , Ma Wanyun
Published: October 2019

The rock pyrolysis parameter Tmax is an important index to evaluate the maturity of organic matter in source rocks. However, during the use of Tmax, it is found that the Tmax value of some samples does not conform to the thermal evolution law of organic matter when evaluating the maturity of organic matter, which affects the accuracy of geological applications. Studying the influencing factors of the rock pyrolysis parameter Tmax analysis data is beneficial to improve the experimental method to ensure the accuracy of the experimental data, and it is of great significance to the correct evaluation of the source rock type and maturity of the source rock. In this paper, the effects of sample mixing uniformity, sample weight, soluble organic matter and minerals on the rock pyrolysis parameter Tmax are analyzed experimentally. It is concluded that the degree of sample uniformity and the amount of sample will affect the results. Soluble organic matter will lead to a decrease in Tmax. With the change of kerogen/clay mineral ratio, the influence of clay mineral on the pyrolysis parameter Tmax.
Simulation of thermochemical sulfate reduction of gaseous hydrocarbons in Wushenqi area, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Yao Jingli , Kong Qingfen , Fan Liyong , Deng Rui , Sun Yu , Liu Min , Shi Shuyong , Chen Chengsheng , Wang Yunpeng , Guo Huijuan
Published: October 2019

Prediction of the H2S distribution is critical to lower the risks during petroleum exploration and development in the exploration area. Natural gas of two wells produced from the Ordovician Majiagou Formation Ma5-6 section from Wushenqi area show great difference in H2S content. To investigate whether the different thermal maturity of the two wells contributes to the different H2S content, the thermal mature history and transformation ratio of gas hydrocarbons and sulfate into H2S and CO2 through TSR (thermochemical sulfate reduction) were simulated by using Petromod 2016. Simulation result shows that difference of thermal maturity of the two wells is about 0.6%. Propane and butane have all been consumed to generate H2S. The transformation ratio of ethane is higher for the well with higher thermal maturity. The high H2S content in the well with high thermal maturity and no H2S in the well with lower thermal maturity was not caused by the different thermal maturity. Some other geological factors should be considered.
History of hydrocarbon accumulations spanning important tectonic phases and its hydrocarbon differential accumulation of Sinian Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin
Authors: Jiang Hua , Li Bin , Jiang Qingchun , Huang Shipeng , Zhang Haoran , Wang Ruiju , Wang Su
Published: October 2019

Sichuan Basin has undergone three stages of important tectonic events at the end of Early Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic, and Late Cenozoic. These tectonic events have put strong influence on hydrocarbon generation, migration, accumulations of Sinian Dengying Formation. Hydrocarbon differential accumulation of differential areas has been controlled by multi-stages tectonic activities. By studying the history of tectonic movements, the distribution of ancient oil and gas accumulation and present gas reservoir, history of hydrocarbon accumulations spanning important tectonic phases has been recovered. Gaoshiti-Moxi gas-bearing structure is an inherited uplift, where natural gas has been mostly efficient accumulated. But Dingshan area of Southern Sichuan Basin was different, traps were damaged during the late gas accumulation stage, while ancient trap existed during the period of oil generation in for there was so much bitumen. The crucial period of hydrocarbon was from Later Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, the Qiongzhusi Formation of lower Cambrian reached a high generation, liquid hydrocarbons after thermal cracking became gaseous hydrocarbon in palaeo-reservoir, which gaseous hydrocarbon formed present reservoir after accumulation.
Geochemical characterisation of Lower Maastrichtian Mamu Formation kerogens, Anambra Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Faboya O L , Sonibare O O , Xu J B , Cheng B , Deng Q , Wei Z W , Olowookere A , Liao Z W
Published: October 2019

The source rock potential of kerogen isolated from shales, carbonaceous shales and sub-bituminous coals from the Lower Maastrichtian Mamu Formation in the Anambra Basin were determined using the total organic carbon (TOC) contents and Rock-Eval. analysis data. The TOC contents exhibit wide variations, ranging from 1.30 to 58.28 wt%. The hydrogen index (HI) and the genetic potential (GP) values ranged from 160 to 235 mg HC/g TOC and 32 to 133.11 mg HC/g rock, respectively. Plots from the Rock-Eval pyrolysis and elemental compositions classified the organic matter as mixture of Type II and III kerogens. The carbon isotopic values ranged from -28.12 to -26.49‰, supporting the mixed origin (Type II/III kerogen) although, the carbonaceous shale and coal samples are typically dominated by Type III kerogen. The Tmax values for the samples ranged from 417 to 422 °C . This study shows that the samples contain high quantity and good quality organic matter capable of generating oil and gas but are thermally immature within the intervals studied.
Oil generation character of Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling formation during stepwise pyrolysis
Authors: MA Sihong , WANG Xiaomei , SU Jin
Published: October 2019

The exploration potential of Mesoproterozoic petroleum system has getting increasingly attention and the oil generation character of Mesoproterozoic source rock is still uncertain. To solve the problem, this study choose sample from Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling formation from north China, using the stepwise gold tube pyrolysis method to study the oil generation character and the composition of liquid pyrolysates, and choose sample from Mesozoic Yanchang formation in middle China as a comparison to study their differences in oil generation character. The results showed that oil generation window of Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling sample in this research was earlier and narrower, with an earlier oil generation peak, this maybe the result of the single source of organic matter and its labile chemical bound. Furthermore, mainly source of organic carbon, like cyanobacteria and acritarchs, were lack of lipid compounds, perhaps this could make the relative concentration of saturated hydrocarbon in liquid pyrolysates of Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling sample much lower than the Mesozoic Yanchang sample with the same kerogen type, nonpolar fraction of liquid pyrolysates in the oil generation window were mainly aromatic hydrocarbon. Maybe the results mean that although Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling formation is still in low maturity stage, it may has already started oil generation, and type of oil generated by Mesoproterozoic source rock in oil generation window may have significant difference from the Phanerozoic source rock.
Application of fine analysis technology for gas-source on condensate gas reservoirs in the Dinan Uplift
Authors: Wang Ming , Mi Julei , Yu Shuang , Zhou Ni , Li Ji , Rouzi Dilidaer
Published: October 2019

Some researches on the distribution of Carboniferous source rock in the Dinan uplift, Junggar Basin, has been clear that the Songkaersu Formation (C1
s
b) is relatively implement, but that of the Dishuiquan Formation (C1
d) is still uncertain. The acknowledgment and conclusion of the hydrocarbon generation and gas generation capacity of C1
d source rocks are fairly limited, and thus the contribution of this set of source rock to the natural gas in the southern Dinan uplift exists a certain dispute. In this paper, based on the predecessors’ research work, the fine-scale comparison of fingerprint characteristics between the two sets of source rocks in Carboniferous by using monomer hydrocarbon carbon isotope technique, and at the same time, the condensate oils which were associated with Carboniferous natural gas in this region were also compared in detail. As such, the contribution of Carboniferous C1
s
b and C1
d source rocks was determined.
2D petroleum system modeling to reduce exploration well deployment risks: a case study from the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China sea
Authors: Luo M , Xu J H , Zhou J J , Zhou Y H , Liu W Y
Published: October 2019

To overcome the limitations of traditional way of exploration well deployment, an innovative workflow was developed to focus on dynamic factors with 2D petroleum system modeling technology. It was applied in the Zhu1 depression of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, Southern China, helping geologists to improve their understanding of the dynamic elements such as the generation of the source rocks and migration pathways along faults. Simulation show that source and migration can be screened from six risk factors, “Source”,” Reservoir”,” Cap”,” Migration”, “Trap” and “Preservation”. More simulations focused on two of the factors for different geological scenarios, fault properties, such as active period, and source rock properties, such as thickness, total organic carbon, hydrogen index. faults are the main migration control as their active period matches the main oil migration time. Of them, those cut through source rock layers and have the same inclination as that of the source rock formation acted as good migration paths. Source rock properties not only control the amount of oil generated, but also influence the vertical and lateral migration distances. Drilling result proves clearly that this new workflow is valuable for studying geological uncertainties and reduce exploration ricks.
Characteristics of wufeng-longmaxi formation shale gas sweet layer: a case study of weiyuan-rongchang block in the south of sichuan basin, China
Authors: Yang Zhenheng , Shen Baojian , Li Maowen , Zhang Qinzhen
Published: October 2019

Taking the typical shale well of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the Weiyuan shale gas block of the South Sichuan Basin as an example, based on core observation, core slice, ar-ion milling SEM, physical property test, X-ray diffraction, geochemical analysis and on-site gas content test, the author systematically evaluated the Wufeng-Longmaxi geological sweet layer from the aspects of petrology, mineral composition, organic geochemistry, hydrocarbon-generating organism, physical property, pore type and gas content.The research shows that the lithology of the geological sweet layer in Weiyuan area is mainly composed of black carbonaceous shale, and laminae are developed. Compared with the Jiaoshiba area, the carbonate mineral content is higher and the quartz mineral content is relatively lower. The sweet layer has high TOC, and is at a stage of high maturity. It is rich in hydrocarbon-generating organism such as graptolites, algae, sponge bones and bacteria. The inorganic pores and organic pores of the sweet layer are well developed. The inorganic pores are mainly clay mineral pores, feldspar alteration pores and intercrystalline pores of pyrite. In terms of gas content, it has the characteristics of high gas content and high Initial dissipation rate, which provides a possibility for high yield and stable production of fracturing in this layer.The geological sweet layer has high organic carbon content, is rich in hydrocarbon-generating organisms, has a large potential for gas generation, and generated enough gas after a period of high mature evolution; at the same time, a large number of inorganic pores and organic pores generated in diagenetic evolution, these pores provide space for shale gas generation, as the same time, it increases the permeability of the sweet layer. The study area has good preservation conditions, it has favorable top and bottom Stratum conditions, and does not have large destructive fractures and destructive fluid activities, The above factors make the shale gas enriched and preserved, which provides the possibility of high and stable yield after fracturing.
Application the FT-IR spectroscopy to study the accumulations of Permian mixed petroleum systems in the central Junggar Basin, NW China
Authors: Zhou Ni , Rouzi Dilidaer , Xiang Baoli , Gao Xiuwei , Wang Haijing
Published: October 2019

Oil-source and its differences in mixed petroleum systems are one of the most important scientific problems in petroleum geology and geochemistry fields. Geochemistry provides useful information for exploration including source rock quality, thermal maturity, oil-source correlation, migration and accumulation relative to trap formation, which greatly reduces the risk of petroleum exploration. Traditionally, petroleum geochemistry analysis relies heavily on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and carbon isotopes, which have been used as proxies to connect the petroleum geochemistry with oil-gas exploration, and has achieved remarkable success. These methods, however, have met with difficulties more and more along the complexity of oil compositions in exploration. This is because oils are complex mixtures of aliphatics, aromatics and NSO (nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen) compounds. Thus, to develop new methodologies to study oil geochemistry becomes more and more urgent. In this study, we demonstrate that Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, as a new rapid and non-expensive alternative technique, could be used to investigate the mixed. Here we address this issue based on a case study in the Permian lacustrine petroleum systems within central Junggar Basin (NW China), of which results have been restrained by traditional molecular geochemistry. Results there are two main mixed-source areas with different mixing proportions in Sinan oil-field of the central Junggar Basin. This characteristic can be applied directly in regional exploration.
A Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy after Constrained Groove Pressing
Authors: Thuy Pham Thi , Hue Dang Thi Hong , Ngung Dao Minh , Quang Pham
Published: October 2019

This study the AZ31 magnesium alloy trips of the dimension 60×60×3mmwas used for constrained groove pressing (CGP) after 4 cycles under elevated temperature condition. Microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed for a material with ultra-fine grained structure prepared by CGP of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Analysis of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs observations showed significant drop of the grain size from (50 ÷ 60)μmto (4 ÷ 6)μmafter four CGP cycles. The minimal grain size of (H1.5)μmwas detected in the regions of the highest deformation. Moreover, the tensile test along thexandzdirections showed excellent high strength (325 MPa) and also plastic elongation of 35 %. It is shown that the CGP technique is a good tool for the grain refinement and improving mechanical properties of magnesium alloys.
Effect of Ultrasonic Peening Treatment on VHCF Behavior of Friction Stir Welded Joints in Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Zhang Ruofan , Li Xue , Liu Yongjie , He Chao , Wang Qingyuan
Published: October 2019

Studying the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy 6061 friction stir welded (FSW) joints after ultrasonic peening treatment (UPT) under very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) loading. The effect of joints ultrasonic peening treatment was explored. It can be seen from the results that the ultrasonic peening treatment can form a reinforced layer on the surface of joints, and the fatigue crack source is transferred from the surface of the specimen to the inside. However, the change of fatigue crack initiation site does not improve the fatigue strength of specimen through ultrasonic peening treatment. The fatigue strength of the aluminum alloy 6061 joint after ultrasonic peening treatment is even lower than as a received condition. The characteristics of fatigue crack initiation and the mechanism of surface strengthened layer on fatigue strength were analyzed and discussed.
Advanced Micromorphology Analysis of Cu/Fe NPs Thin Films
Authors: Țălu Ș , Ghaderi A , Stępień K , Mwema F M
Published: October 2019

In this work, an advanced analysis of Cu/Fe NPs thin films using atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been discussed to characterize at nanoscale 3-D surface microtexture. Samples of Cu/Fe thin films were fabricated by Direct Current-Magnetron Sputtering technique with two controlled thicknesses (group I: Cu 55 nm/Fe 55 nm and group II: Cu 55 nm/Fe 70 nm) in specific conditions of pressure and power. The results obtained from experimental measurements suggested that the surface of group I has the lowest values for fractal dimension (D = 2.28 ± 0.01) and root mean square height (Sq = 4.40 ± 0.1 nm); while the highest values for fractal dimension (D = 2.31 ± 0.01) and root mean square height (Sq = 4.67 ± 0.1 nm) were found in group II. Stereometric and fractal analyses applied for thin films are modern tools for accurate quantitative morphometric characterisation.
FEA of BTA Deep Hole Drilling Based on ANSYS
Authors: Liu Xin , Feng Yazhou
Published: October 2019

This paper takes BTA deep hole drilling as the research object. ANSYS software is used in the static and dynamic analysis of the force of BTA deep hole drilling process from theory and in modeling and simulation. Firstly, According to the finite element analysis, the most concentrated stress and the largest deformation of the cutting tool are the cutting edge and the cutting surface of the tool block. The main vibration of drill stem is in the form of twist and bending. Sceondly, it is concluded that the main vibration of drill stem is in the form of twist and bending through the modal analysis. Finally, the natural frequency of this type of BTA drill stem is obtained by analyzing the amplitude response curve, and it is suggested to avoid the rotational speed near the dangerous speed during machining to avoid resonance of the drill stem.
Effect of Stratum on the Interfacial Stress and Structural Integrity of Cement Sheath
Authors: Zhang Jingfu , Wang Jiancheng , Wang Shuting , Shao Shuai , Xiao Wenhui , Lin Ziyang
Published: October 2019

In order to determine the method of protecting the cement sheath structural integrity in oil and gas wells, the finite element mechanics models of the Casing-Cement sheath-Stratum Combination Body (CCSCB) were established based on different stratum action mechanism. The effect of stratum type, well depth, crustal stress and stratum elastic modulus on the interface stress and structural integrity of cement sheath were researched. The results show that, in the creep stratum, the interface contact pressure of cement sheath increase and the circumferential stresses reduce with the increase of crustal stress. There is no effect of the crustal stress on the interface stress in the elastic and rigid stratum. In elastic stratum and low crustal stress creep stratum, circumferential tensile stress would be generated at cement sheath when loading. The cement sheath is easy to crack by this tensile stress and the structural integrity is destroyed when the load was higher. The effect of stratum elastic modulus on the interface stress is related to the stratum and stress type. There is no influence of the elastic modulus on the interface stresses in the rigid stratum. The influence of the elastic modulus on the interface contact pressure is obvious in the elastic stratum, and the effect on the circumferential stress is obvious in the creep stratum.
A Study on Analysis of Long Span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge
Authors: Xu Guihong , Yang Bin , Chen Chuang , Wei Shirong , Li Zhenxue
Published: October 2019

A case study of a large span pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge (Ba-Mao-Chong bridge) of GUI DU high speed railway. Finite element program Midas/Civil is used to simulate the construction process and operation phase, the influence of concrete overweight, pre-stressing loss, concrete shrinkage and creep, stiffness loss and other factors that related the long-term deflection of bridge are analyzed. The calculation results show that: (1) The overweight concrete and Bridge deck pavement construction error could cause the bridge long-term deflection increases. (2) The creep coefficient, environment humidity, and other factors on the bridge have significantly influence on long-term mid-span deflection, (3) The beam stiffness reduction could lead to the bridge long-term mid-span deflection increase.
Structural Optimization of Flood Control Screw Piles: A Review
Authors: Hu Kun , Tang Yanqin , Jia Fanfei , Wang Yuxing
Published: October 2019

This paper discusses the importance of research on flood control piling equipment, and lists the existing domestic flood control piling equipment. The research status of screw piles at home and abroad in recent ten years is summarized from three aspects: bearing capacity, installation torque, stress and strain of soil. This paper introduces some optimization methods closely related to screw piles, such as evolutionary algorithm, neural network, numerical simulation optimization method, and makes a comparative analysis of the optimization methods that can be adopted for the screw pile.at last Several directions which need to be further studied in the future are put forward.
Analysis of Immunological Activity of Recombinant Outer Membrane Protein of Fusobacterium Necrophorum
Authors: Jia Hang , Wang Shengxin , Zhang Xiaoli , Guo Yang , Xu Jing
Published: October 2019

To investigate the prokaryotic expression of 93 ku outer membrane protein (OMP) obtained from Fusobacterium necrophorum and the response to immunization and cytotoxicity in mice. The recombinant plasmid pET-28a-OMP was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) competent form, and a recombinant outer membrane protein containing 2 His tags (label size 3.8 ku) was expressed. The mice were immunized as immunization antigens by Freund’s incomplete adjuvant. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein had a molecular weight of about 93 ku. After the immunization, the serum antibody titer of the experimental group was higher, at the same time, in the challenge experiment, the liver has certain toxicity, and the protection rate is 83.3%. The recombinant 93 ku outer membrane protein of Fusobacterium necrophorum has a good immune response level and provides basic data for the study of the subunit vaccine of Fusobacterium necrophorum.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate with the Assistance of Amino Acids
Authors: Liu Yanru , Yang Lei , Ou-Yang Zhiyuan , Chen Jin
Published: October 2019

Two acidic amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid) and four neutral amino acids (cysteine, serine, tyrosine, glycine) were used as inducers for calcium carbonate biomimetic synthesis. The results showed that aspartic acid introduced is more effective for the growth of aragonite, while glutamic acid used is more effective for the growth of vaterite. Compared to those acidic amino acids, neutral amino acids used lead to less aragonite or vaterite produced, and tyrosine and serine show stronger effects on the growth of aragonite and vaterite than cysteine and glycine. On the other hands, it was found that the increased concentration of amino acid shows positive effects on the growth of aragonite and vaterite. In addition, the enhanced concentration of calcium chloride results in the increased crystalline volume of calcite significantly, as well as the more orderly structure as shown in scanning electron microscopy investigation. Meanwhile, the high calcium chloride concentration indicates weak inhibitory effect on aragonite growth but no significant influence on the growth of vaterite.
Edible Quality and Safety Evaluation of Zanthoxylum from Western China
Authors: Ke Jingxuan , Qu Yuan , Shen Guanghui , Li Shanshan , Pu Biao , Ye Meng , Zhang Zhiqing
Published: October 2019

In order to investigate the edible safety of Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum), the contents of four inorganic contaminants (lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic) and two pesticide residues (permethrin and cypermethrin) in seventeen prickly ash samples were detected, which gathered from the main plant region of Western China. In addition, potential risks due to the contaminants which exposure to it had been evaluated. Eestimated daily intakes (EDIs) and hazard quotient (HQ) of the contaminants were analyzed too. The data showed that EDIs of inorganic contaminants were lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI), and their HQ values, ranging from 2.65% (As) to 19.05% (Pb), were considerably <1. In addition, HQ values for permethrin and cypermethrin were determined to be 1.83% and 2.09%, respectively. These findings demonstrated a high level of edible quality and safety of Zanthoxylum from western China.
A Analysis of Attack and Defense Mobile Ad Hoc Network Based on OPNET
Authors: Dai Jiahao , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: October 2019

Due to the broadcast nature of wireless communications, the damage to mobile ad hoc networks is becoming more and more common. We propose a network stability model that can effectively reflect the network performance when the network is damaged in real time. The Ad Hoc network model is built by using the node model supporting the IEEE802.11 standard provided by OPNET software to simulate the network performance of the network under different degrees of damage. This model provides an effective way for the simulation analysis of network performance under the condition of Ad Hoc network damage.
Development of Solar-Panel Monitoring Method Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Thermal Infrared Sensor
Authors: Lee Dongho , Park Jonghwa
Published: October 2019

Interest in solar energy, which is clean energy, is growing due to continuously high oil prices because of the unstable situation in the Middle East and the explosion of the Fukushima nuclear-power plant in Japan. South Korea has made various efforts to develop renewable energy, and facilities using solar energy are rapidly growing. Periodic inspection of solar panels is very important for the effective management of photovoltaic (PV) modules. In this study, a method to monitor and diagnose faulty solar modules through an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based thermal infrared camera and GIS spatial analysis is discussed. First, the image of the PV module was taken by installing an RGB camera and thermal infrared camera on the rotor blade of the UAV. The images were generated by using Pix4D SW, and the normal operation of the PV module was diagnosed using the orthoimage. In particular, thermal infrared cameras are very sensitive to reaction speed, unlike optical sensors, so it is very important to find appropriate monitoring methods, such as shooting speed. Therefore, we suggest a way to utilize an optical sensor and thermal infrared sensor together through various attempts. In the images, GIS spatial analysis was used to extract abnormal heat or faulty modules. Using the Virtual Reference Service (VRS) survey method, UAV images could be 3D-mapped with a very precise temperature, within 2 cm in x, y, and z direction errors. The rapid development of PV powergeneration facilities and of monitoring technologies is a very important factor for improving energy efficiency. The result of this study is providing a stable solar-panel-monitoring technology by comparing features of ground observation and UAV-based thermal infrared sensor observation. The developed monitoring technology was able to accurately analyze the failure point and temperature of the PV module.
PECVD SiO2/Si3N4 Double-layer Electrets for Application in Micro-devices
Authors: Wang Shumin , Zhang Yapin , Liu Jin , Zou Xudong , Zhang Jinwen
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the influence of different environmental conditions, substrates, micromachining processes, areas and patternings on the performances of PECVD SiO2/Si3N4 double-layer electrets were studied for its application in micro-devices. Various samples were prepared and then charged by the negatively corona charging method. The charge decays at either 250°C or 95%RH were observed to reveal the chargeability and charge stability. Finally, a micro power generator with patterned PECVD SiO2/Si3N4 double-layer electret was presented briefly as demonstration. The results show that all these conditions that conventionally or even unavoidably happen in the fabrication process of electret micro-devices had more or less impact on the electret performance. It is crucial that the electret should be as large area as possible and kept from the micromachining processes and humid condition to the best. Our micro power generator with 2mm rectangular array of PECVD SiO2/Si3N4 double-layer electret had the 5μW output power at 20Hz and 0.7g.
Integrated Software Development Methodology for Real-time Precise Control of UAV
Authors: Park Jung Kyu , Park Eun Young , Jeon Heung Seok
Published: October 2019

Recently, drones have been widely used in education and industry. In this paper, we propose a navigation and control algorithm to develop unmanned drones quickly. To limit the proposed framework, we analysed the existing drone solution and simulation framework. We also used Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation for rapid development. HIL will simulate physical systems that interface with embedded control equipment on real-time hardware. The code generated in this process can be experimented on a hardware device so that the control performance of the drones can be verified without draining the drones in the outdoor environment. Using the proposed method, you save time and money on drone development while providing stability.
A Miniature Study of Directional Couplers, Each with a Different Central Frequency
Authors: Huu Tan Pham , Khac Khiem Nguyen , Quang Hung Luu , Knyazev Nikolay S.
Published: October 2019

A study to determine how the operating frequency of the device during miniaturization depends on its efficiency and the safety of the original characteristics. It was found that the miniaturization efficiency decreases with increasing frequency. Thus, the design of compact couplers for Central frequencies from 1000 to 3000 MHz with a step of 500 MHz was studied. In this case, the dimensions in relation to the standard design were reduced by 78.8, 62.5, 46.7, 39 and 30%, respectively.
Roller Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition and Targeting Feature Selection
Authors: chen Xiaoyue , Ge Dang , Liu Xiong , Liu Mengchao
Published: October 2019

At present, the feature extraction of frequency signal based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) has been widely studied and applied in fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. However, there are still some shortcomings in fault diagnosis based on EMD. Therefore, a fault diagnosis method based on the combination of EMD and target feature selection (TFS) is proposed in this paper. The method firstly analyzes the fault signal through EMD and extracts the fault features. Then, it removes the redundant features and optimizes the feature subsets by using TFS. TFS selects the most effective feature for each target sample space through filtering evaluation criteria and heuristic search strategy, thereby effectively improving the accuracy and efficiency of fault diagnosis.
Design and Research of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Direct Drive Hub Motor
Authors: Liu Zhong-Shu
Published: October 2019

The permanent magnet brushless DC motor has many advantages such as simple structure, high power density, small volume, good mechanical properties and high efficiency, so it is very suitable for electric vehicle. However, the traditional brushless DC motor has the disadvantages of flux weakening speed regulating difficulty and torque ripple. According to the characteristic of permanent magnet motor, so a kind of special structure brushless DC hub motor with outer rotor was designed in this paper. The structure of interlaced arrangement of permanent magnet and non-salient pole of the outer rotor greatly increased the average inductance of the stator winding, so as the range of flux weakening speed regulating increased greatly as well. At the same time, large chute in stator core and fractional stator winding reduced torque ripple of the motor. The simulation model was established by using Ansys Maxwell software and the magnetic field was calculated and analyzed. It turned out that the magnetic field was rational and the optimum designed motor had less flux leakage. Simulation and test results showed that stator performance indicators of the prototype could meet the requirements of electric vehicle fully. So it has great value of generalization in practical application.
Design and Testing of a New Vascular Stent with Enhanced Fatigue Life
Authors: Ho Kuang-Lei , Hung Ming-Ya , Chen Jiong-Hong , Jian Yu-Min , Hsiao Hao-Ming
Published: October 2019

Vascular stents could suffer from repetitive motions due to pulsatile blood pressure and daily activities. Stent fatigue resistance has thus become a critical issue for stent design. In this paper, an intriguing stent design concept aimed at enhancing the fatigue life was investigated. The concept was to re-distribute stresses more uniformly by tapering the stent strut width. Finite element models were developed to evaluate the mechanical integrity and fatigue safety factor of the stent under various loading conditions. Simulation results show that the fatigue safety factor of this novel stent design increased by 4 times that of a conventional stent. Conceptual stent prototypes were cut by a pulsed-fiber laser, followed by a series of expansions and heat treatments to gradually shape the stent to its target size. A rotating bending fatigue tester was built for this study and stent fatigue tests were conducted for proof of concept. Experimental results show that this stent design concept successfully enhanced the fatigue life as designed. Its fatigue cycle number jumped to 6∼7 times that of a conventional stent, which agreed well with the trend predicted by FEA simulations. The findings of this paper provide an excellent guide to greatly improve stent fatigue life.
The Invention of Cam-Linkage Grinding Device with Double-Circle Grinding Traces
Authors: Chen Tzu-Hsia , Hsieh Long-Chang
Published: October 2019

The double-circle grinding traces has 0% velocity deviation percentage (Vdp
=0%), which is the optimum polishing trace. This paper focuses on the invention of cam-linkage grinding devices with double-circle grinding traces. First, based on the modified Yan’s creative design methodology, 1st cam-linkage grinding device is synthesized. Then, according to Osborn’s Checklist Method, 2nd cam-linkage grinding device is synthesized. These two cam-linkage grinding devices can be designed to have optimum polishing traces and 0% velocity deviation percentage (Vdp
=0%). This paper provides a new creative design methodology for creating some or all possible design concepts that have the different topological characteristics as existing designs, e.g. with the different degrees of freedom. It can be said to create some or all possible design concepts from nothing (no existing design). The results of this paper can be used as the teaching material of innovative design course.
Micropattern-mediated apical guidance accelerates epithelial cell migration to improve healing around percutaneous gastrostomy tubes
Authors: D’Ovidio Tyler J , Friederich Aidan R W , de Herrera Nic , Davis-Hall Duncan , Mann Ethan E , Magin Chelsea M
Published: October 2019

Hypergranulation, bacterial infection, and device dislodgment are common complications associated with percutaneous gastronomy (PG) tube placement for enteral feeding largely attributable to delayed stoma tract maturation around the device. Stoma tract maturation is a wound-healing process that requires collective and complete migration of an advancing epithelial layer. While it is widely accepted that micropatterned surfaces enhance cell migration when cells are cultured directly on the substrate, few studies have investigated the influence of apical contact guidance from micropatterned surfaces on cell migration, as occurs during stoma tract formation. Here, we developed 2D and 3D in vitro epithelial cell migration assays to test the effect of various Sharklet micropatterns on apically-guided cell migration. The 2D modified scratch wound assay identified a Sharklet micropattern (+10SK50×50) that enhanced apical cell migration by 4-fold (p = 0.0105) compared to smooth controls over the course of seven days. The best-performing micropattern was then applied to cylindrical prototypes with the same outer diameter as a pediatric PG tube. These prototypes were evaluated in the novel 3D migration assay where magnetic levitation aggregated cells around prototypes to create an artificial stoma. Results indicated a 50% increase (p < 0.0001) in cell migration after seven days along Sharklet-micropatterned prototypes compared to smooth controls. The Sharklet micropattern enhanced apically-guided epithelial cell migration in both 2D and 3D in vitro assays. These data suggest that the incorporation of a Sharklet micropattern onto the surface of a PG tube may accelerate cell migration via apical contact, improve stoma tract maturation, and reduce skin-associated complications.