bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sadržaj teških metala i metaloida u vodi za piće u Unsko-sanskoj županiji Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine
Authors: Pehlić Ekrem , Nanić Husein , Šapčanin Aida , Jukić Huska , Ljubijankić Nevzeta
Published: March 2019

Unsko-sanska županija bogata je prirodnom izvorskom vodom, kojom se opskrbljuje stanovništvo. Po prvi put je ispitana procjena kakvoće toksičnih i esencijalnih teških metala i metaloida u vodi za piće iz više izvorišta u osam općina i to: Bihaću, Cazinu, Bosanskoj Krupi, Bužimu, Velikoj Kladuši, Bosanskom Petrovcu, Sanskom Mostu i Ključu. U svibnju 2016. godine iz svake općine analizirano je po tri uzorka vode (ukupno 24). Mjerene su koncentracije arsena, olova, kadmija, kroma, nikla, kobalta, molibdena, fosfora, cinka i bakra. U pet uzoraka vode uočene su povećane koncentracije za Ni (do 20 µg dm–3) i Cr (do 50 µg dm–3) i smatraju se prirodnim podrijetlom. Međutim, u većem broju uzoraka (osam) koncentracije As su odstupale od dozvoljenih (do 10 µg dm–3), s maksimumom od 14,05 µg dm–3 i vjerojatno su od samog sastava zemljišta, ali i antropogenih izvora zbog postojanja odlagališta otpada u široj regiji izvorišta. Vrijednosti koncentracija ostalih elemenata Cd, Pb, Co, Cu, P, Mo i Zn bile su u granicama maksimalno dozvoljenih propisanih Pravilnicima u BiH, Direktivom o vodi za ljudsku potrošnju 98/83/EC, kao i smjernicama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije (WHO). Sadržaj teških metala i metaloida u vodi za piće na području Unsko-sanske županije, osim za As ne predstavljaju opasnost za zdravlje ljudi.
Irisin in the primate hypothalamus and its effect on GnRH in vitro
Authors: Wahab Fazal , Khan Ikram Ullah , Polo Ignacio Rodriguez , Zubair Hira , Drummer Charis , Shahab Muhammad , Behr Rüdiger
Published: March 2019

Irisin, encoded by the FNDC5 gene, is a recently discovered endocrine factor mainly secreted as a myokine and adipokine. However, irisin/FNDC5 expression has also been reported in different other organs including components of the reproductive axis. Yet, there is the scarcity of data on FNDC5/irisin expression, regulation and its reproductive effects, particularly in primates. Here, we report the expression of FNDC5/irisin, along with PGC1A (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) and ERRA (estrogen-related receptor alpha), in components of the reproductive axis of marmoset monkeys. Hypothalamic FNDC5 and ERRA transcript levels are developmentally regulated in both male and female. We further uncovered sex-specific differences in FNDC5, ERRA and PGC1A expression in muscle and the reproductive axis. Moreover, irisin and ERRα co-localize in the marmoset hypothalamus. Additionally, in the arcuate nucleus of rhesus monkeys, the number of irisin+ cells was significantly increased in short-term fasted monkeys as compared to ad libitum-fed monkeys. More importantly, we observed putative interaction of irisin-immunoreactive fibers and few GnRH-immunoreactive cell bodies in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the rhesus monkeys. Functionally, we noted a stimulatory effect of irisin on GnRH synthesis and release in mouse hypothalamic neuronal GT1-7 cells. In summary, our findings show that FNDC5 and irisin are developmentally, metabolic-status dependently and sex-specifically expressed in the primate hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and exert a stimulatory effect on GnRH expression and release in mouse hypothalamic cells. Further studies are required to confirm the reproductive effects of irisin in vivo and to illuminate the mechanisms of its regulation.
Estudio proteómico 2DE-DIGE en plasma sanguíneo de pacientes en etapa infantil con leucemia linfoblástica aguda
Authors: Umaña-Pérez Yadi Adriana , Calderón Rodriguez Sandra Isabel
Published: March 2019

En Colombia, durante la última década la leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) ha sido el cáncer con mayor incidencia, siendo más del 40% de las muertes por cáncer en menores de edad atribuidas a esta enfermedad. Entre los factores que influyen en estas cifras, el diagnóstico tardío es tal vez el factor más sensible que afecta de manera negativa el éxito del tratamiento. Esta investigación se centró en el estudio del proteoma plasmático de niños colombianos diagnosticados con LLA tipo B, dada su alta incidencia, en comparación con controles en la búsqueda de proteínas que podrían tener potencialidad a ser clasificadas como biomarcadores de diagnóstico. Ahora bien, en vista de los avances en las herramientas proteómicas y de espectrometría de masas y sabiendo que son una alternativa para abordar la complejidad molecular de enfermedades como el cáncer, utilizamos una aproximación proteómica basada en una separación por electroforesis bidimensional diferencial (2DE-DIGE) con posterior separación por cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas en tándem. Se encontraron 8 proteínas con expresión diferencial en plasma de pacientes con LLA-B, entre las cuales resaltan la serotransferrina, la Alfa-1-antitripsina, la haptoglobina, la α2-glicoproteína de zinc y la complemento C3.
The Modern Religious architecture and monumental painting: synthesis (on the example of Russia and the Republic of Mordovia)
Authors: Klimkina Tatiana V.
Published: March 2019

Currently in Russia the development of church architecture poses many problems associated with the revival of the national school of monumental religious painting. The article analyzes the main features of the development of monumental decoration of church buildings. It also emphasizes importance of an integrated approach to the solution of the architectural and artistic ensemble of the cult construction. The synthesis of national religious architecture and monumental church painting is the object of research and its features аt the present stage is the subject. The goal of the article is the identification of the main tendencies of integrated approach to the religious architecture, both for Russia and the Republic of Mordovia.
The empirical material of the work is the religious architecture and monumental church painting of Russia and the Republic of Mordovia. The research is based on observation, descriptive and comparative methods of analysis. The article is based on the published research on the church art of Russia and the Republic of Mordovia.
The turn of the 21st century represents the active practice of creating a modern church decor. This is characterized by a complex multistage process of collective creativity, characterized by specific architectural environment of the building, development of the design of the decor and the means of monumental painting.
The turn of the 21st century represents a new step in the development of religious architecture and monumental painting in Russia. It makes a conclusion that at the turn of the century the use of the artistic experience of the past is the leading tendency in the development of modern monumental church painting. The necessity of achieving the synthesis of the architectural building and its monumental and decorative solution is empasized.
Representation of a himan as a subject and personality in the culture of Finno-Ugric peoples
Authors: Romanov Konstantin M.
Published: March 2019

Psychological culture of the ethnos is presented as integral part of its culture. It contains the psychological experience of the nation: psychological knowledge, practical and communication skills, relationships with people. In the psychological culture, a human is represented as a subject and personality. As a part of a common culture, psychological culture is transferred from one generation to another. Recreating in each generation, it determines the psychological appearance of the people. A brief analysis of the research on psychological culture of the Finno-Ugric peoples allowed to define the novelty and relevance of the study. The purpose of the study is to reveal the psychological content of the culture of two Finno-Ugric peoples (Hungarian and Erzya).
To achieve this goal, we used the method of psychological analysis of the language as a carrier of the psychological culture of an ethnos. Two dictionaries were used as an object of analysis: Erzya-Russian and Hungarian-Russian. The subject of psychological analysis were the words reflecting all sorts of psychological characteristics of a person: character traits, mental processes and conditions, types of people, social stereotypes, status and roles, behavioral characteristics, etc.
A human as a subject and personality is central to the culture of both Finno-Ugric peoples. In the Erzya dictionary there was 29,0 % of words reflecting the psychological characteristics of a person, in Hungarian – 26,4 %. The psychological culture which accumulates the experience of communicating a person with other people is very important for both ethnic groups. It presents common and ethnic features in the content and structure of the psychological experience of these peoples.
Culture as in multidimensional medium represents the psychological essence of a person as a subject and person. This part of the culture can be defined as psychological. It is characterized by national and ethnic features. Throughout its historical development, the Erzya and Hungarian peoples have created their own psychological culture, well presented in its languages.
É POSSÍVEL UTILIZAR OS DIREITOS DAS GESTANTES COMO FORMA DE CONCRETIZAR UM MEIO AMBIENTE DO TRABALHO SAUDÁVEL? UMA ANÁLISE DA LEGISLAÇÃO EXISTENTE SOBRE O TEMA E DAS MUDANÇAS ADVINDAS COM A REFORMA TRABALHISTA
Authors: Moccellin Luisa Da Rosa , Felten Maria Claudia
Published: March 2019

O artigo em questão visa analisar os direitos concedidos às mulheresgestantes, bem como as mudanças ocorridas em tais garantias com aaprovação da Reforma Trabalhista, Lei n° 13.467/2017, que entrou emvigor em 11 de novembro de 2017. Também serão estudadas alteraçõesque poderiam ter ocorrido no ordenamento como forma de trazer maissegurança jurídica às relações trabalhistas, especificamente a falta de regulamentação no que concerne ao prazo em que a gestante com estabilidade pode ingressar com ação judicial requerendo sua reintegração ao emprego. Ainda, será analisado o período de 120 dias de licença-maternidade atualmente concedido às mulheres, buscando auferir se tal intervalo de tempo é suficiente para garantir uma amamentação adequada aos recémnascidos. Por fim, será discutida a novidade introduzida pela reforma trabalhista, que passou a admitir que as gestantes continuem trabalhando nos locais insalubres em grau médio e mínimo, sendo afastadas, apenas, em caso de apresentação de atestado de médico de confiança da mulher  que recomende o afastamento. O objetivo do presente estudo, realizado através de pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial, bem como pesquisa de campo com médicos ginecologistas, obstetras e pediatras é analisar se ocorreram avanços ou retrocessos nos direitos que as mulheres gestantes possuem atualmente no ordenamento jurídico, assim como discutir possíveis mudanças que contribuiriam para um aperfeiçoamento da legislação trabalhista. Essas questões inerentes às gestantes serão analisadas sobre o prisma do meio ambiente do trabalho, buscando observar se tais disposições realmente são capazes de concretizar um meio ambiente do trabalho seguro e saudável.
A COLABORAÇÃO PREMIADA E O LEGADO INQUISITORIAL NO PROCESSO PENAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Leite Paulla , Silveira Felipe Lazzari da
Published: March 2019

O presente trabalho trata da colaboração premiada e os possíveis resquícios de práticas inquisitoriais quando de sua aplicação. O institutoconsiste na cooperação do acusado ou suspeito com as investigaçõescriminais, especialmente fornecendo informações acerca da estruturaorganizacional e identificação dos demais coautores e partícipes da organização criminosa, em troca de benesses negociadas com o Estado. Sua utilização desmedida gera controvérsias no mundo jurídico, sobretudo em razão da importância que vem ganhando no âmbito da Operação Lava Jato e que envolve grandes nomes do cenário político e econômico do país. Assim, a partir da análise do sistema inquisitorial e do instituto da colaboração premiada, pretende-se delinear um paralelo entre ambas, objetivando fomentar a discussão sobre o tema em face da necessidade de aprimoramento da legislação.
Inhibition of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Attenuates the Dysregulation of Kelch-Like 3 and NaCl Cotransporter in Obese Diabetic Mice
Authors: Ishizawa Kenichi , Wang Qin , Li Jinping , Xu Ning , Nemoto Yoshikazu , Morimoto Chikayuki , Fujii Wataru , Tamura Yoshifuru , Fujigaki Yoshihide , Tsukamoto Kazuhisa , Fujita Toshiro , Uchida Shunya , Shibata Shigeru
Published: March 2019

Significance Statement

Patients with type 2 diabetes often exhibit salt-sensitive hypertension, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. One potential link, Kelch-like 3 (KLHL3), regulates BP by targeting the serine/threonine kinases with-no-lysines (WNKs) for degradation, thereby modulating activity of the NaCl cotransporter (NCC). The authors previously found that phosphorylation at serine 433 (S433) in KLHL3 downregulates KLHL3 activity. In this study, they show that protein kinase C–mediated phosphorylation of KLHL3 at S433 inactivates KLHL3 and increases NCC activity in db/db diabetic mice, and they show that an inhibitor of a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), ipragliflozin, ameliorates this effect. These data indicate a previously unrecognized pathway by which dysregulated glucose metabolism stimulates renal salt reabsorption and provide insights into the mechanism for SGLT2 inhibitors’ cardiorenal protective effect.

Background

Mechanisms underlying the frequent association between salt-sensitive hypertension and type 2 diabetes remain obscure. We previously found that protein kinase C (PKC) activation phosphorylates Kelch-like 3 (KLHL3), an E3 ubiquitin ligase component, at serine 433. We investigated whether impaired KLHL3 activity results in increased renal salt reabsorption via NaCl cotransporter (NCC).

Methods

We used the db/db diabetes mouse model to explore KLHL3′s role in renal salt handling in type 2 diabetes and evaluated mechanisms of KLHL3 dysregulation in cultured cells.

Results

We observed PKC activity in the db/db mouse kidney and phosphorylation of serine 433 in KLHL3 (KLHL3S433-P). This modification prevents binding of with-no-lysine (WNK) kinases; however, total KLHL3 levels were decreased, indicating severely impaired KLHL3 activity. This resulted in WNK accumulation, activating NCC in distal convoluted tubules. Ipragliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, lowered PKC activity in distal convoluted tubule cells and reduced KLHL3S433-P and NCC levels, whereas the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone did not, although the two agents similarly reduced in blood glucose levels. We found that, in human embryonic kidney cells expressing KLHL3 and distal convoluted tubule cells, cellular glucose accumulation increased KLHL3S433-P levels through PKC. Finally, the effect of PKC inhibition in the kidney of db/db mice confirmed PKC’s causal role in KLHL3S433-P and NCC induction.

Conclusions

Dysregulation of KLHL3 is involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. These data offer a rationale for use of thiazide in individuals with diabetes and provide insights into the mechanism for cardiorenal protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors.
Does Price Regulation Affect Competition? Evidence from Credit Card Solicitations
Authors: Dou Yiwei , Ronen Joshua , Li Geng
Published: March 2019

We study the unintended consequences of consumer financial regulations, focusing on the CARD Act, which restricts consumer credit card issuers’ ability to raise interest rates. We estimate the competitive responsiveness-the degree to which a credit card issuer changes offered interest rates in response to changes in interest rates offered by its competitors-as a measure of competition in the credit card market. Using small business card offers, which are not subject to the Act, as a control group, we find a significant decline in the competitive responsiveness after the Act. The decline in responsiveness is more pronounced for competitors’ reductions, as opposed to increases, in interest rates, and is more pronounced in areas with more subprime borrowers. The reduced competition underscores the potential unintended consequence of regulating the consumer credit market and contributes toward a more comprehensive and balanced evaluation of the costs and benefits of consumer financial regulations.
Correlation between masseter muscle activity and maximum bite force among various facial divergence pattern
Authors:   Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Manipal college of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India., Vijeta Ramya , B Sangamesh ,   Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, AME’s Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, India.
Published: March 2019

Objective: To comparatively assess electromyographic (EMG) activity of masseter muscle and maximum bite force among various facial divergence pattern. To compare bilateral variation therefore derive the clinical importance changes in masseter EMG activity. Materials and Methods: The sample size comprised of 90 subjects, age ranging from 16-25 years. They were further classified under three subgroups-normodivergent, hypodivergent and hyperdivergennt based on the cephalometric values. Tekscan Flexiforce B201H sensor along with the associated software was used to record the bite force. The EMG of the superficial masseter muscle was recorded using Biotech Neurocare 2000 surface electromyography machine. The muscle activity was recorded bilaterally from the superficial masseter. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using ROC curve at p<0.05. Results: The bite force of the Hypodivergent group (571.83N±36.65) was more than the Normodivergent (387.26±27.20) and Hyperdivergent groups (373.21N±29.23). The EMG recording of masseter muscle activity in Hypodivergent group was significantly higher than Normodivergent and Hyperdivergent groups. (p-value= <0.01). A significant correlation existed between masseter activity and bite force. Conclusion: The bite force of Hypodivergent jaw base individuals is highest followed by Normodivergent and least in Hyperdivergent individuals.The strong correlation between the muscular activity and the bite force is definitely a contributor to the anchorage value during treatment by fixed Orthodontics.
A perspective of marginal microleakage in class II composite resin restorations using different types and techniques: an in-vitro study
Authors:   Al-Rowad Dental College, Sana’a, Yemen., Alasbahi Bassam
Published: March 2019

The study aimed to introduce a perspective of the essential reason behind why marginal microleakage develops regardless of the composite type, the technique, or the bonding system applied, especially in gingival floor of class II cavities. Materials and Methods: Three types of composite resin materials (CharmfilTM, ParaFillTM, and ProMedica®) were used to evaluate microleakage of class II restorations using two restorative approaches. Twenty four newly extracted bicuspid teeth were divided into two main groups (n=12 each) according to the restoration technique (open or closed sandwich techniques). Teeth of each group were then divided into 3 groups (n= 4 each) according to the type of the composite resin used. The restorations were then subjected to a thermocycling process and then were immersed into methylene blue solution for 12 hours. Mesiodistal sectional cuts were made along the central grooves and assessed under stereomicroscope for marginal microleakage. The data were statistically analyzed with a p-value <0.05 considered significant. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in marginal microleakage between the three examined groups using both techniques (p>0.05). Under the microscope, the marginal microleakage was more obvious at the cervical region than at the occlusal region. Conclusion: There was no effect of the composite type or the application technique used on the occurrence of marginal microleakage. The first portion of the material applied against the cavity floor is the primary factor involved in possibly minimizing marginal microleakage.
Fossil and Recent Distribution and Ecology of Ancient Asexual Ostracod Darwinula stevensoni (Ostracoda, Crustacea) in Turkey
Authors: YAVUZATMACA Mehmet , KÜLKÖYLÜOĞLU Okan
Published: March 2019

In
order to determine distribution, habitat and ecological preferences of Darwinula
stevensoni, data gathered from 102 samples collected in Turkey between 2000
and 2017 was evaluated. A total of 1786 individuals of D.
stevensoni were reported from eight different aquatic habitats in 14
provinces in six of seven geographical regions of Turkey. Although there are
plenty of samples from Central Anatolia Region, recent form of the species was
not encountered. Unlike recent, fossil forms of species were encountered in all
geographic regions except Southeastern Anatolia. The oldest fossil record in
Turkey was reported from the Miocene period (ca 23 mya). Species occurred in
all climatic seasons in Turkey. D. stevensoni showed high optimum and
tolerance levels to different ecological variables. Results showed a positive
and negative significant correlations of the species with pH (P<0.05) and
elevation (P<0.01), respectively. It seems that the ecological preferences
of the species are much wider than previously known. Our results suggest that
if D. stevensoni is used to estimate past and present environmental
conditions, attention and care should be paid on its ecology and distribution.
Çayköy Deresi (Eğirdir-Isparta)’ndeki Eğirdir Siraz (Capoeta pestai Pietschmann, 1933)’larının Helmint Parazitleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: EMRE Nesrin , KUBİLAY Ayşegül
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada, Çayköy deresi
(Eğirdir-Isparta)’nden elektroşokerle avlanan Capoeta pestai
(Pietschmann, 1933)’nin   helmint
parazitleri   araştırılmıştır. Araştırma süresince
toplam 150 birey incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda konak balıkta Platyhelminthes
grubundan bir tür digenean (Allocreadium isoporum Loos, 1894) ve
Nemathelminthes grubundan bir tür nematod (Rhapdochona denudata, Dujardin,
1845) bulunmuştur. Her mevsimde örneklenen bireylerden toplam 188 A.
isoporum ve 592 adet R. denudata olmak üzere toplam 780 adet parazit
tespit edilmiştir. Her iki parazitin de mevsim, cinsiyet, boy ve yaş
değişkenlerine göre; yaygınlık, ortalama yoğunluk, bolluk ve toplam parazit
sayıları belirlenmiştir.
What is a Psychological Task? The Operational Pliability of “Task” in Psychological Laboratory Experimentation
Authors: Morrison Hazel , McBriar Shannon , Powell Hilary , Proudfoot Jesse , Stanley Steven , Fitzgerald Des , Callard Felicity
Published: March 2019

There has been no sustained sociological analysis of a near ubiquitous feature of psychological laboratory experimentation: the task. Yet the task is central in arranging the means by which phenomena are isolated and brought into the experimental scientist’s purview. As scientific objects, states such as mind wandering and daydreaming have been made visible in experiments that draw on a (sometimes) sharp distinction between what it means to be either “on task” or “off task”––which entails a long history of what it means to have a subject attend to her task, a central aspect of the psychology experiment since its foundation. Through an analysis of qualitative interviews with research participants in studies of so-called “mind wandering,” it becomes clear that task is deployed and understood in multiple ways: it is often hard to distinguish when a person is on task and when they are not; when participants reflect on their own internal states the boundedness that the concept relies upon is drawn sharply into question; and the complex spatio-temporal organization of experiences of both mind wandering and task disrupts the metaphorical structures that the scientific literature has baked into these terms. The term “operational pliability” allows us to understand how the pliability of the practice and concept of task is central to how task functions. Operational pliability offers a way of understanding how particular elements in scientific investigation are easily adaptable and at the same time are able to hold some kind of shape or form.
Standard Interview of Evidence Use (SIEU) v1
Authors: Gitomer Drew
Published: March 2019

Found the SIEU very helpful, but we didn't need items 16-20 on Scale 1 and we also modified the questions for an educational setting so the wording was more focused on schools and districts than "agencies". (we didn't really change these)
Standard Interview of Evidence Use (SIEU) v1
Authors: Gitomer Drew
Published: March 2019

This is a modification of Palinkas' SIEU - we removed items 16-20 because they were not appropriate for an educational setting We also changed language to be more consistent with educational terminology (e.g., Agency changed to School Distrct)
ATTRACTION OF LEFT BANK UKRAINIAN COSSACK REGIMENTS TO SUPPRESS THE POLISH UPRISING OF 1863 – 1864
Authors: Oliyanchuk A.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the history of Left Bank Ukrainian Cossack's regiments, which were created to participate in suppressing the Polish January uprising. The author comes to the conclusion, that the memory about Cossack's times continued to live between the population of Left Bank of Ukraine, even in the middle of XIX century. With the help of that phenomenon government of Russian empire restored Cossacks regiments in 1863. They were convenient form for Cossacks mobilization against Polish rebels. Government created 3 Cossacks regiments. The primary purposes of their formation were preventing actions against spreading uprising on Poltava and Chernihiv provinces. They were deployed in Kyiv general-government for the following: restoring pre-uprising order and participation in suppression possible peasant's insurrection. However, they didn't take part in contact with enemy, because of lack of need. Their main tasks were protection of civil order and military property. The author established that Cossacks regiments actively involved for enhancing the authority of current regime by holding parades in places of formation. Also, there were estimated number and losses of Left Bank Cossack regiments in the campaign of elimination of Polish January uprising.
Unmanned Vehicles: New Challenges to Public Security
Authors: Korobeev A. I. , Chuchaev A. I.
Published: March 2019

The paper gives a general description of unmanned ground, aerial, surface, underwater, space vehicles developed inRussiaand abroad to be used for military purposes and national economy. In general, the paper highlights principles of their functioning and the degree of their autonomy. Special attention is paid to the danger they create to a person, property, etc., in traffic accidents and when moral and legal problems are involved (in compliance with the concepts of a “trolley case” and necessity that are often applied in common practice, e.g. concerning road transport). The authors suggest a road map according to which, first, gaps in the legislation (i.g. in civil and administrative law) should be eliminated; second, the rules of traffic safety and operation of unmanned vehicles should be determined, and, third, a criminal law on liability for damage caused by the drone should be elaborated. Main approaches to the definition of this criminal law prohibition are indicated and the most important algorithms of criminalization of the act in question are highlighted.
The Concept and Legal Nature of Transferable Letter of Credit
Authors: Efimova L. G.
Published: March 2019

The article analyzes the concept and legal nature of a transferable letter of credit in the comparative legal aspect. The author compares the legal structure of a transferable letter of credit under the civil code with the legal regulation of a transferable letter of credit under the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP) (2007 edition, ICC publication No. 600).

Under the law, transferable letters of credit mean such letters of credit that the payer (applicant) and/or issuing Bank allowed to transfer to the second beneficiaries. The transfer of the letter of credit is executed in two transactions. First, the first beneficiary shall unilaterally declare his will addressed to the transferring Bank where the first beneficiary shall propose to the Bank to change the range of possible beneficiaries under the letter of credit. The will of the first beneficiary should be qualified as a unilateral transaction on behalf of the first beneficiary concerning the full or partial exemption of the issuing Bank (confirming Bank) from the original offer (opening of the letter of credit), if the transfer of the letter of credit to the second beneficiaries is made. Second, a transferring Bank makes a unilateral transaction to transfer the letter of credit to the second beneficiaries. This transaction is made by the transferring Bank on behalf, at the expense and in the interests of the issuing Bank (confirming Bank) on the basis of the authority granted under terms of the letter of credit. A unilateral transaction of the transferring Bank concerning the transfer of a letter of credit is an offer made on behalf of the issuing Bank (confirming Bank), and brought to the attention of the second beneficiaries (beneficiary) with a proposal to conclude a contract for the payment (acceptance and payment of a bill of exchange) against the relevant financial and/or commercial documents.

At the same time, the transfer of the letter of credit leads to a change in the original offer to open a letter of credit to the first beneficiary in terms of a range of possible future acceptors.
Supervisory and Regulatory Functions of Federal Executive Bodies: Problems of Differentiation in the Context of Administrative Reform
Authors: Perov S. V.
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the problems of differentiation between control and regulatory (rule-making) functions of federal ministries and federal services. Analyzing the logic of differentiating the functions in question within the framework of the administrative reform carried out in Russia in 2004, the author highlights, on the one hand, the reduction of the influence of corruption factors on the process of departmental rule-making as a positive effect of the reform, and reduction of efficiency in the preparation of normative legal acts, the negative impact of disagreements and contradictions between federal ministries and Federal services on the process and the results of rule-making. The author proposes to limit regulatory powers of regulatory authorities in terms of their adoption of normative legal acts regulating foreign relations, i.e. the activities of controlled entities, as well as regulating the procedure of control (supervision). At the same time, in the author’s opinion, it is irrational to limit the powers of federal services concerning adoption of normative legal acts of intra-organizational nature or aimed at regulating human resources issues and issues of providing social guarantees to officers of governmental agencies. The author concludes that improvement of the structure of federal executive agencies and the differentiation of functions between them should be carried out on the basis of functional and procedural reforms providing for the adoption of federal laws on normative legal acts and on state control (supervision). It is expedient to exclude from the rule-making from functions forming the basis for determining the types of federal agencies of executive power in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 09, 2004 No. 314 “On the System and Structure of Federal Executive Bodies.”
Constitutional Rights in the Sphere of Entrepreneurial Activity and Peculiarities of Holders of Such Constitutional Rights
Authors: Yakimova E. M.
Published: March 2019

Constitutions of the majority of countries of the world contain a detailed catalogue of human and civil rights and freedoms that tends to expand. At the same time, the essence of economic rights is defined in the regulation of the rights of the “second” generation and is associated with the recognition of property rights and the right to carry out activities aimed at obtaining income. In the process of drafting modern constitutions, States only specify the rights in question. The constitutional right to the free use of one’s abilities and property for entrepreneurial and other economic activities not prohibited by law is considered in this article as a basic, but not the only right in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity. A special feature of the implementation of the right under consideration is its special range of holders of the right in question. It is concluded that the construction of Article 34 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation has a two-component structure (denotes two types of activity: entrepreneurial and other economic activities). Such a design determines the definition of the range of holders of the right under consideration: the range of holders of the right depends on whether the issue involves only entrepreneurial or any other economic activities.
Problems of Preventive Work in the Field of Fire Safety
Authors: Antonchenko V. V.
Published: March 2019

The article analyzes the activities of supervisory authorities in implementing control and supervisory measures in the field of fire safety. The author believes that today the society lives in the conditions of imitation of activity in this important area, which is not related to the real provision of fire safety. One of the circumstances allowing drawing such a conclusion is the transfer of fire safety supervisory functions and control powers to nongovernmental institutions.

Based on the analysis of the mechanisms of fire safety control and supervision — both the state fire supervision bodies under the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and companies providing services for the fire audit — the conclusion is made about inadmissibility of eliminating the State from the principal, active and purposeful work on fire prevention and narrowing the powers of state bodies in this extremely important and, at the same time, very problematic area. The author believes that the neglect of the need to maintain a high level of fire safety, including by legal means, significantly weakens the level of protection of an individual and a society from fires.
Auditing as the Main Method of Financial Control of Educational Institutions of Higher Education (EIHE): Peculiarities of the Legal Regulation
Authors: Shengelia G. A.
Published: March 2019

Educational institutions of higher education (EIHE) in modern conditions are active financial and economic entities. At the same time, taking into account the existing realities, the methods of financial control of these organizations are being improved. The article attempts to analyze auditing as a method of financial control, the goals and main objectives of the audit, the types of audit. The author classifies auditing of educational institutions of higher education in accordance with the audited period of economic activity of an educational organization, techniques and methods depending on the subject of inspection, an organizational method, the degree of coverage of financial and economic activities of educational institutions of higher education or the range of issues of verification of its activities. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that within the financial control of the activities of the EIHEs, auditing is one of the main methods of financial control aimed at assessing the state of financial discipline, determining the reliability of accounting and identifying financial violations associated with the use of budgetary and extra-budgetary funds.
Protection of Workers’ Rights to Timely and Full Payroll
Authors: Knyazeva N. A.
Published: March 2019

The peculiarity of the violation of the right to full and timely payment of wages is that it, as a rule, is violated simultaneously with respect to all of the employees of one employer. It is concluded that the restoration of the rights of individual workers in such cases entails a violation of the principles of equality of opportunity and equal pay for work of equal value. In view of the objective specificity of the right to timely and full payment of wages, it is proposed to recognize the right to protection in the event of its violation in the same way by one employer not only for each worker, but also for the group of workers as a whole. It has been proved that wage collection disputes meet the conditions for classifying disputes as group claims formulated in legal doctrine, foreign practice and draft laws. In this regard, it is proposed to include such disputes in the list of categories of cases that may be considered in the framework of the procedure for protecting the rights of a group of persons. The expediency of recognizing the right to suspend work as self-defense in the event of a wage payment delay of at least one day has been proved. The author analyzes the court practice on consideration of disputes on the recovery of wages paid in a different amount than established by a written labor contract, and reveals the impossibility of protecting the rights of workers to the full payroll. To solve this problem, it is proposed to introduce into labor legislation the rules on recognition simulated conditions of an employment contract for setting wages in a smaller amount than the parties actually agreed as inadmissible.
Institutionalization of governorate judicial institutions in governorates of the Russian empire in the reign of Catherine the great
Authors: Strakhov S. E.
Published: March 2019

The article examines the peculiarities of institutionalization of judicial institutions at the governorate level established by Catherine the Great in the course of administrative and judicial reform and on the basis of governing institutions administering governorates of the All-Russian Empire. The author provides his understanding of the problem of determining the stages of administrative and judicial reforms, establishes a system of judicial authorities at the governorate level, presents classification complying with a field of activity, a social status and the sphere of territorial jurisdiction of cases. It is noted that, at the level of the governorate, only one chamber of a civil and criminal court, one governorate magistrate and as many verkhnyaya rasprava (court of second instance dealing with the cases of peasants and smallholders) and supreme zemstvo courts as were necessary due to the governorate could be established. Determining the peculiarities of the structure and operation of judicial institutions, the author comes to the conclusion that their staff did not always correspond to the legislative requirements applied to a class rank.
Criminal law problems in determining the object of intellectual property crimes
Authors: Zheludkov M. A. , Chernyshov V. N. , Kochetkova M. N.
Published: March 2019

Currently, due to the rapid development of information technology, there is an urgent need to protect public relations of property from crimes committed in the intellectual rights area. The absence of conceptual apparatus consolidated in laws or supported by the scientific community complicates determination of interrelations between the concepts of “property”, “ownership”, “intellectual property” and “right of ownership,” which subsequently determines the classification of acts as different objects of protection under criminal law. The article examines the complex of topical issues related to the protection against crimes in the field of intellectual property in Russia, the analysis of the ratio of crimes against property and crimes affecting intellectual property, the study of the features of the objects protected under criminal law.
Legal aspects of competence delimitation of the European union institutions in the field of antitrust policy
Authors: Mitrofanov I. O.
Published: March 2019

The paper provides an analysis of regulatory legal acts enshrining the powers of the institutions and bodies of the European Union, their interaction, as well as prospects for the further development of the mechanism for regulating the antitrust policy of the Union. According to the results of the study, the author concludes that the mechanism for regulating antimonopoly policy, established within the European Union, is adequately effective mainly due to the system of checks and balances, when no Union institution has exclusive power to make decisions. Despite this, the mechanism is developing, and it is developing along the path of decentralization. It appears that this should lead to the fact that compliance with Union antitrust laws will only increase.
A Two-Parameter Quasi Lindley Distribution in Acceptance Sampling Plans from Truncated Life Tests
Authors: Al-Omari Amer Ibrahim , Al-Nasser Amjad
Published: March 2019

In this paper, acceptance sampling plans are developed when the life test is truncated at a pre-assigned time. For different acceptance numbers, confidence levels and values of the ratio of the fixed experiment time to the specified average life time, the minimum sample sizes required to ensure the specified average life are calculate assuming that the life time variate of the test units follows a two-parameter Quasi Lindley distribution (QLD(2)). The operating characteristic function values of the new sampling plans and the corresponding producer's risk are presented.
On The Modified Burr XII-Power Distribution: Development, Properties, Characterizations and Applications
Authors: Bhatti Fiaz Ahmad , Hamedani G. G. , Korkmaz Mustafa Ç. , Ahmad Munir
Published: March 2019

In this paper, a flexible lifetime distribution with increasing, decreasing and bathtub hazard rate called the Modified Burr XII-Power (MBXII-Power) is developed on the basis of the T-X family technique. The density function of the MBXII-Power is arc, exponential, left-skewed, right-skewed, J, reverse-J and symmetrical shaped.  Descriptive measures such as moments, moments of order statistics, incomplete moments, inequality measures, residual life functions and reliability measures are theoretically established. The MBXII-Power distribution is characterized via different techniques. Parameters of the MBXII-Power distribution are estimated using maximum likelihood method. The simulation study is performed on the basis of graphical results to see the performance of maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of the MBXII-Power distribution. The potentiality of the MBXII-Power distribution is demonstrated by its application to real data sets: survival times of pigs, survival times of patients and quarterly earnings
Selection of Tightened-Normal-Tightened sampling scheme under the implications of intervened Poisson distribution
Authors: Shahabudheen Azarudheen , Veerakumari Pradeepa
Published: March 2019

Tightened-normal-tightened (TNT) sampling scheme is one of the most frequently used sampling schemes for making decisions about the finished product lots by examining certain samples from the lots. TNT sampling scheme includes two attribute sampling plans, one for tightened inspection and other for normal inspection along with switching rules. This paper introduces a procedure for TNT by incorporating two single sampling plans (SSP) under the conditions of intervened Poisson distribution (IPD) for the lots which may have a possibility of some intervention during the production process. The paper also assesses the performance of the proposed scheme procedure through its operating characteristic curves. Also, the unity value table is provided for certain parameters of specified producer’s risk and consumer’s risk for shop floor conditions. Further, the efficiency of proposed TNT scheme over the individual SSP under the conditions of IPD is demonstrated with illustrations.
Exact reliability formula for a linear consecutive k-out-of-n: F system and relayed consecutive systems with a change point for any k?n, with stress-strength application.
Authors: Bakry S. M. , Mokhlis N. A.
Published: March 2019

This paper presents exact formulas for the reliability of linear consecutive k-out-of-n: F, and relayed consecutive k-out-of-n: F systems, having a change point at position c, 1 ? c ? n, for any k?n. A change point at position c, means that the components after this point have reliabilities that are different from those before or at position c. The components are assumed to be independent. Practically, the change in the components reliabilities may be due to change in the stress applied. Assuming a change in stress, exact formulas of the stress-strength reliability of the systems are derived, considering two cases. The first case assumed strength and stress having the same form of distributions, while the second case assumed strength and stress having different forms of distributions. Estimation of the stress-strength reliability for both cases is discussed. Application to both cases are considered with numerical illustration.
Bayesian Estimation for Nadarajah-Haghighi Distribution Based on Upper Record Values
Authors: Sana MS , Faizan M.
Published: March 2019

This paper discusses maximum likelihood and Bayes estimation of the two unknown parameters of Nadarajah and Haghighi distribution based on record values. Different Bayes estimates are derived under squared error, balanced squared error and general entropy loss functions by using Jeffreys' prior information and extension of Jeffreys' prior information. It is observed that the associated posterior distribution appears in an intractable form. So, we have used Tierney and Kadane approximation method to compute these estimates. Finally, numerical computations are presented based on generated record values using R software.
A New Generalized Weighted Weibull Distribution
Authors: Abbas Salman , Ozal Gamze , Shahbaz Saman Hanif , Shahbaz Muhammad Qaiser
Published: March 2019

In this article, we present a new generalization of weighted Weibull distribution using Topp Leone family of distributions. We have studied some statistical properties of the proposed distribution including quantile function, moment generating function, probability generating function, raw moments, incomplete moments, probability, weighted moments, Rayeni and q th entropy. The have obtained numerical values of the various measures to see the eect of model parameters. Distribution of of order statistics for the proposed model has also been obtained. The estimation of the model parameters has been done by using maximum likelihood method. The eectiveness of proposed model is analyzed by means of a real data sets. Finally, some concluding remarks are given.
Recent Developments in Distribution Theory: A Brief Survey and Some New Generalized Classes of distributions
Authors: Ahmad Zubair , Hamedani G. G. , Butt Nadeem Shafique
Published: March 2019

The generalization of the classical distributions is an old practice and has been considered as precious as many other practical problems in statistics. These generalizations started with the introduction of the additional location, scale or shape parameters. In the last couple of years, this branch of statistics has received a great deal of attention and quite a few new generalized class of distributions have been introduced. We present a brief survey of this branch and introduce several new families as well.