bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perubahan Populasi Protozoa dan Alga Dominan pada Air Genangan Tanah Padi Sawah yang Diberi Bokashi Berkelanjutan
Authors: Niswati Ainin , Dermiyati . , Arif Mas Achmad Syamsul
Published: August 2018

Protozoa and alga play important roles in biogeochemical nutrient cycles in freshwater environment, especially in the paddy fields.  The changes from the conventional technologies to organic technologies will change the communities structures of organisms lived in the paddy fields environment.  The fields experiment was conducted to study the population dynamic of protozoa and algae dominant inhabited in  the floodwater of the paddy fields subjected by continues ‘bokashi’ application.  The results showed that protozoa and algae inhabited in the paddy fields in present study were dominated by Euglena, Pleodorina, Volvox, and Diatom. The continued application of  bokashi for 4 years significantly increased the total population of protozoa and algae, however, the significantly effect was obtained in the population of Volvox only.  The population of protozoa and algae were affected by the time of flooding of paddy fields where it increases exponentially at the 20 and 30 days after flooding and stable after that, ecxept for Euglena where it increases little by little with time of flooding.
Identifikasi dan Kuantifikasi Metabolit Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Aktivitas Rhizoctonia solani pada Tanaman Kedelai
Authors: Setiawati Tri Candra , Mihardja Paniman Asna
Published: August 2018

Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) metabolites are organic acids, phosphomonoesterase enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) and antibiotic, which is able to dissolve insoluble phosphate. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria used in this study was expected to suppress Rhizoctonia solani attacks. This experiment was aimed at (1)  identifiying and quantifying  PSB metabolites, and (2) examining their capability as biocontrol agent for Rhizoctonia solani in vitro and hydroponics soybean. This study was conducted in three stages. The first stage of this study was culturing two PSB isolates (Pseudomonas putida 27.4B and Pseudomonas diminuta) in the Pikovskaya medium to analyze their metabolites. The second and third stage of this study was testing the antagonist of two bacteria to suppressed R. solani activity, which was conducted in vitro, and in hydroponics medium soybean as indicator plant. The results showed that P. putida 27.4B and P. diminuta produced organic acids i.e.: citrate, formic, succinic, acetic, propionate, butyrate, and oxalate. The totals of organic acids from each bacterium were 70,3 mg.kg-1 and 61,9 mg.kg-1. Production of alkaline phosphatase enzyme in Pikovskaya medium of P. Putida27.4B was 11,71 μg pNP .mL-1.h-1 and P. diminuta was 24,04  μg pNP.mL-1.h-1. Concentration of this enzyme in soil medium was higher than that in Pikovskaya medium with 26,27 μg pNP.g-1.h-1 and 39,03 μg pNP.g-1.h-1 respectively. This study also showed that total concentration of antibiotics (tetracycline, oxitetracycline and penicillin) produced by the PSB, were 3,2 μg.mL-1 (P. putida 27.4B) and 10,96 μg.m1-1 (P. diminuta), respectively. The results from second stage of this study showed that by using in vitro, the reduced growth of  R. solani was observed 58,35% with P. putida 27.4B and 41,96% with P. diminuta. In addition, inoculations of PSB in hydroponics medium reduced the fungal pathogenesis from 10,71% to 21,42% of pre and post emergence damping-off. Visually, the symptom of pathogen attack appeared within the period of  2 untill 14 days after infection.
Konversi Hutan Menjadi Lahan Usahatani Karet dan Kelapa Sawit serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Aliran Permukaan dan Erosi Tanah di DAS Batang Pelepat
Authors: Sunarti . , Sinukaban Naik , Sanim Bunasor , Tarigan Suria Darma
Published: August 2018

Forest conversion to some land use happened in all watershed, includes Batang Pelepat watershed. The objectives of this research are to know effect of forest conversion to land of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and palm oil (Elaeis guinensis Jack) farming on run off and soil erosion and different of erosion rate on agro technology of rubber and palm oil farming in Batang Pelepat watershed. The research was carried out during 3 months, begin October to December 2006. Run off and soil erosion measured plot with gutter in the lower of plot. Experimental design for this research is randomized complete block design, with land use type as treatment and slope class as replication or block. Data analyzed statistically by variance analysis (F-test) and Duncan New Multiple Range Test on confidence 95% (α = 0.05). The results of this research show that area of forest coverage in Batang Pelepat watershed was decreasing. In 1986 this area still 94,50% of watershed area, but in 1994 area of forest only 78,17% and in 2006 forest area 64,20% of watershed area. Forest conversion was carried out to land of rubber and palm oil farming with some actual agro technologies. Land of monoculture rubber I resulted the highest run off and soil erosion more than the other land use type and showed different of run off and soil erosion on land of secondary forest.
Perubahan Populasi Mikroroganisme Pelarut Fosfat pada Lahan Sawah dengan Sistem Pertanian Intensif menjadi Sistem Pertanian Organik Berkelanjutan
Authors: Dermiyati . , Antari Jeni , Yusnaini Sri , Nugroho Sutopo Ghani
Published: August 2018

The research aimed to study the change of population of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms according to the application time of bokashi which were applied continously on organic paddy rice fields since years of 2000 up to 2006. The research was conducted in a Randomized Completely Block Design in four replicates. The treatments were without bokashi (control; with intensively application of NPK fertilizers), bokashi application for 3 planting seasons (12 t ha-1), bokashi application for 4 planting seasons (16 t ha-1), bokashi application for 7 planting seasons (28 t ha-1), and bokashi application for 9 planting seasons (36 t ha-1). The results showed that the population of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms were not affected by continously applied of bokashi and did not have correlations to organic carbon, total nitrogen, ratio C/N, soil pH, and soil water content. However, the phosphate solubilizing microorganisms had played a role in the availability of the soil available-P which were shown by increasing of paddy yields year by year, although the contribution of soil phosphorus from bokashi is a relatively low. Yet, the bokashi application on the organic paddy fields did not increase the soil availble-P because most of the P which was absorbed by the plants coming from residual P fertilizers either from bokashi or SP-36 which were intensevely given before.
Identification of Soil Salinity Due to Seawater Intrusion on Rice Field in the Northern Coast of Indramayu, West Java
Authors: Erfandi Deddy , Rachman Achmad
Published: August 2018

The rice fields in Indramayu district is 55% of the district area. The average rainfall is 1590 mm per year. Most lands on the North Coast of Java (northern) were potentially affected by sea water intrusion. Extensive observations were 102.321 ha. Field observations were done by survey method. Observations had been conducted on rice fields Pantura, Indramayu, West Java. Soil salinity was measured by using the electromagnetic conductivity meter (EM-38). The results revealed that area had very high salinity which was 22.57%, closest to the beach Indramayu. In the South Region, soil salinity was lower, in accordance with the distance from the coastline. Some areas had a low, medium, and high salinity status in which 58.41%, 8.54% and 10.49%, respectively. Much of the research area had very high Sodium (Na) and ECe (0 - 30 cm) was between 1.37 to 16.38 dS m-1, while the ECe (30 - 70 cm) was between 1.11 to 17.40 dS m-1. This research was expected to assist in the agricultural development planning, especially in wetlands which have been affected by the intrusion of sea water (salinity). Planning for theimplementation of the development of rice varieties that are sensitive to high and very high salinity. Planning and improvement of irrigation networks as sources of clean water for washing the salts or pushing salt water into the sea.Keywords: Coast of Indramayu, rice field, seawater intrusion, soil salinity
Coastline Change Surround Sekampung River Estuary Estimated by Geographic Information System Technique
Authors: Fahri . , Syam Tamaluddin
Published: August 2018

Surround a big river estuary coastline has a dynamic characteristic and change along a period of time, because of anatural process and/or it is accelerated by human activities. The surround Sekampung river estuary coastline located in Rawa Sragi area is one of the most dynamic coastlines in southern Lampung Province that has changed significantly from 1959 (as a natural process) to year 1987 (as an accelerated process by human activities) since the government of Indonesia has applied swamp drainage system for Rawa Sragi area. It is likely that the coastline has changed significantly in the period of 1987 to 2009 (as an increasing intensity of the human activities in the surrounding Rawa Sragi land). The objective of this research was to analyze the coastline change in the surrounding of Sekampung river estuary in two periods of time: (1) the change of the 1959 – 1987 period coastlines; and (2) the change of the 1987 – 2009 period coastlines. The method of this research was a GIS technique, the implementation was divided into three main steps: (1) the first analysis was conducted in laboratory include raster data source analysis and registration, coastline digitations, and overlaying and analysis of the coastline data; (2) field observation (ground check) was conducted to observe and verify the ground existing coastline; and (3) the last analysis wasconducted after ground check activity to improve and to verify the first coastline analysis results. The result of this research indicated that coastline change in the period of 1959 to 1987 increased the coast land as much as 717.19 hectares, but decreased the coast land as much as 308.51 hectares. Furthermore the coastline change in the period of 1987 to 2009 increased the coast land as much as 162.504 hectares, but decreased the coast land as much as 492.734 hectares. The 1959 – 1987 coastline change was a coast land increasing period, but the 1987 – 2009 coastline change was a coast land decreasing period.Keywords: Abrasion, accretion, coast land, coastline, estuary
Application of a Multispectral SPOT Image for Land Use Classification in Sampean Watershed
Authors: Irawan Januar Fery , Indarto .
Published: August 2018

This article described the process of land use classification at Sampean Watershed. The research was conducted in Sampean watershed to calculate the land use area using a multispectral SPOT image. Two SPOT image scenes were used to identify and classify the main nomenclature of land use. The research applied level 2A of SPOT image raw data which were obtained during 2004. Research methodology consisted of geometric correction of Image; image enhancement using high sharpen filter; un-supervised classification and supervised classification. The classification algorithm used the maximum likelihood in which pixels was classified based on their spectral signature. Severaltraining areas were identified to define the region area. Supervised classification could classified 9 class of land uses, the classification of land use consist of irrigated paddy field (56.05%), rain fed paddy field (0.89%), forest (10.75%), urban area (8.69%), plantation (4.22%), barren land (11.19%), river (0.05%), cropland (7.98%), and bushes (0.19%). The overall classification accuracy was 84.21%. This work will be useful for hydrological modelling and management planning of the Watershed.
Response of Some Rice Cultivars in New Opening Paddy Fields with High Fe2+ Using Multi-packet Technology
Authors: Utama M Zulman Harja , Wahidi Ismed , Sunadi .
Published: August 2018

The main obstacle to increase rice yield in new opening paddy fields, is that high levels of dissolved ferrous ions(Fe2+) which toxic to plants. This research aimed to study the growth and yield of several rice cultivars tolerant toFe2+ in the new opening paddy fields with multi-packet technology. The experiment was conducted from April toDecember 2010, at the new opening pay fields in Koto Baru of Dharmasraya District, West Sumatra. Experimentsused a factorial in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The first factor was, selected ricevarieties which were: Krueng Aceh; IR 36; Tukad Balian; Ciherang; and Cisokan. The second factor was thedifferent plant spacing which were a 30 × 30 cm with two seeds per hole, and Plant spacing (10 × 10) × 30 × (10 × 10)cm with one seed per hole. The rice cultivation with packet technology can improved the growth and yield of paddyrice cultivated in new opening paddy field high in Fe2+. Technology package consisting a combination of ricevariety (Krueng Aceh, IR36, and Tukad Balian) + SRI system + peat amelioran 20 Mg ha-1 + plant spacing (10 × 10)× 30 × (10 × 10) cm with one seed per hole, had the best growth and yield of rice cultivated in the new opening fieldshigh in Fe2+, especially in Koto Baru of Dharmasraya District, Krueng Aceh was a variety with the highest grain production by 5.65 Mg ha-1.Keywords: Fe2+; new fields; rice cultivar; technology[How to Cite: Utama MZH, I Wahidi and Sunadi. 2012. Response of Some Rice Cultivars in New Opening Paddy Fields with High Fe2+ Using Multi-packet Technology. J Trop Soils, 17 (3) : 234-244. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.239][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.239]
Physical Feasibility Study of Agroforestry Farm Systems to Support Sustainable Agriculture in Konaweha Sub Watershed of Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Marwah Sitti
Published: August 2018

The farming systems in Konaweha watershed are mostly mixed garden that are partly managed intensively as wellas traditionally. The objectives of this research were to identify and classify agroforestry systems that were practicedby farmers, to study the effect of the agroforestry systems on soil properties, hydrological indicators, and erosion,as well as to analyze farm management feasibility of agroforestry systems to establish sustainable agriculturesystem. The study was carried out in Konaweha watershed, Southeast Sulawesi. The results indicated thatagroforestry systems in this area were devided into four types i.e. sylvopastoral-perennial crops with pasture,agrosylvicultural-perennial crops, agrosylvicultural-multystrata systems, and sylvopastoral-multystrata systems.The four types of agroforestry systems significantly increased the soil aggregate stability, soil porosity at 30 cm indepth, organic matter, soil organic carbon, and microorganisms population. In addition, the agroforestry haddecreased runoff and erosion significantly. Therefore, the erosion rate from the four types of agroforestry systemwas below the value of tolerated soil loss (TSL), except that of agrosylvicultural-perennial crops with an elevationof > 30%. The best quality of soil and environment was found at sylvopastoral-multystrata systems.Keywords: Agroforestry; erosion; soil properties; sustainable agriculture[How to Cite: Marwah S. 2012. Physical Feasibility Study of Agroforestry Farm Systems to Support Sustainable Agriculture in Konaweha Sub Watershed of Southeast Sulawesi. J Trop Soils, 17 (3) : 275-282. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.275][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.275]
The Effect of Applying Accreditation Standards on Patients’ Satisfaction in Jordanian Governmental Hospitals
Authors: Saif Naser Ibrahim
Published: August 2018

Most hospitals follow voluntary or mandatory accreditation standards, which are widely believed to improve patient satisfaction. The current descriptive, qualitative study explored physicians’ and nurses’ opinions and beliefs regarding implemented accreditation standards on patient satisfaction at accredited Jordanian public hospitals in 2017. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with 110 physicians and nurses from three hospitals (response rate = 71%). SPSS version 17 was used to calculate mean values, standard deviations, regression, and to conduct t-tests (significant p-values < .05). Results indicated medium levels of patient satisfaction in accredited hospitals, suggesting that patient satisfaction levels require improvement. Future research should identify causal relationships between implementing accreditation standards and patient satisfaction.
Potential applications of plant in vitro cultures in phytoremediation studies
Authors: Jaskulak Marta , Grobelak Anna
Published: August 2018

The main aim of this review is to assess the advantages and disadvantages of use of in vitro plant cell and organ cultures as useful research tools in process of phytoremediation. Plant tissue cultures including cell suspensions, callus and hairy roots are frequently used in the phytoremediation research, mostly as a model plant systems. One of the most important advantages of using in vitro cultures is the ability to examine the metabolic capabilities of plant cells as well as their capacity for toxicity tolerance in controlled conditions without any interference from microorganisms and processes occurring naturally in soils. The results obtained from plant cell or tissue cultures can be used to predict the responses of plants to environmental stressors and also to mass produce stress induced proteins and other metabolites. The aim of this review is to present possible applications for in vitro cultures in phytoremediation studies.
The condition of participatory planning in Serbia
and how it can be improved
Authors: Vajović Margita
Published: August 2018

Participatory planning theory, as a system of planning which is sensitive to the aspirations of citizens and protects public interest and values, is present
in Serbian planning practice for more than a decade. It has legal basis and methodology modeled on global experience, but it is still very much reactionary
model - thus it failed to fulfil its primary purpose, which is to include the citizens in the planning process from the very beginning. This
article will address the current overview of the planning process in Serbia. It will briefly explain the legislative framework of public participation in
spatial development, the steps in plan drafting process in which citizens are included and the political background of this process. It is important to
mention the existing models of informing citizens and show why they work so poorly. It will also give a brief overview on the structure and work of
the committee for approval of the plans. This summarizing of the current situation will show the problem of indifference of citizens to engage in the
planning process as a coherent group with problems, visions and goals about their city. It will also address inadequate models of informing the citizens
and almost non-existing models of active participation of citizens in the planning process. Besides the review of the current state, this article will
feature a description of participation techniques from a literature review on the subject of participatory planning that can be applied in Serbia. Shifting
the scale from national to municipality level, this article will also depict the opportunities and administrative constraints when it comes to drafting
a spatial plan on a local scale, on the example of municipality of Požega. This is one of the rare examples of good practice when it comes to the communication
of municipality and its inhabitants involved in the planning process.
Adesão ao tratamento da tuberculose
Authors: Temoteo Rayrla Cristina de Abreu , Carvalho Jovanka Bittencourt Leite de , Santos Viviane Euzebia Pereira , Sousa Yanna Gomes de , Medeiros Soraya Maria de
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la adhesión al tratamiento de la tuberculosis desde la perspectiva del "cuidado de sí" de Michel Foucault. Método: reflexión basada en los presupuestos de "La hermenéutica del sujeto" de Foucault y en literatura pertinente. Resultados: el cuidado de sí se refiere a la percepción del sujeto, su autoconocimiento y la realización de su propio cuidado. En la adhesión al tratamiento de la tuberculosis, el sujeto presenta mayor dominio sobre sí mismo, la enfermedad no representa una perturbación externa, pues el cuidado realizado a lo largo de su existencia no puede ser perturbado, ni siquiera por la enfermedad. Hay factores que pueden intensificar esta perturbación: baja escolaridad, desempleo, etilismo, regreso tras abandono y estigma. Conclusión: es necesario rescatar los principios del cuidado de sí, que puede influir en el volcarse en uno mismo, para exteriorizar el percibir sobre su tratamiento, lo cual permite la implementación de acciones más orientadas a la subjetividad del enfermo y favorece el proceso de adhesión.
Integrating local social-ecological knowledge to prioritise invasive species management
Authors: Cáceres-Escobar Hernán , Davis Katrina J , Atkinson Scott C , Possingham Hugh P , Kark Salit
Published: August 2018

There is a lot of uncertainty about how we pick the best invasive species management strategies to improve the environment, local economy, and human well-being, as invasive species management involves complex and multidimensional challenges. Invasive species management on inhabited islands is especially challenging, often due to perceived socio-political risks and unexpected technical difficulties. Failing to incorporate local knowledge and local perspectives in the early stages of planning can compromise the ability of decision-makers to achieve long-lasting conservation outcomes. Hence, including local knowledge and accounting for subjective stakeholder perceptions is essential for invasive species management, yet this often remains unaddressed. To address this gap, we present an application of invasive species management based on structured decision-making, and the resource allocation tool INFFER, on Minjerribah-North Stradbroke Island (Australia). We assessed the cost-effectiveness of six management scenarios, co-developed with local land managers and community groups, aimed at preserving the environmental and cultural significance of the island by eradicating European red foxes and feral cats. We further conducted a survey eliciting local stakeholders’ perspectives regarding the significance of the Island, their perception of the benefits of the proposed management scenarios, funding requirements, technical feasibility of implementation, and socio-political risk. We found that the best decisions when the budget is low are less cost-effective than when the budget is high. The best strategy focusses on control of European red fox on Minjerribah. However, our results also highlight the need for more research on feral cat management. This work demonstrates how to use a structured decision support tool, like INFFER, to assess contesting management strategies, this is particularly important when stakeholders’ perceptions regarding management outcomes are heterogeneous and uncertain.
Using road patrol data to identify factors associated with carnivore roadkill counts
Authors: Williams Samual T , Collinson Wendy , Patterson-Abrolat Claire , Marneweck David G , Swanepoel Lourens H
Published: August 2018

As the global road network expands, roads pose an emerging threat to wildlife populations. One way in which roads can affect wildlife is wildlife-vehicle collisions, which can be a significant cause of mortality through roadkill. In order to successfully mitigate these problems, it is vital to understand the factors that can explain the distribution of roadkill. Collecting the data required to enable this can be expensive and time consuming, but there is significant potential in partnering with organisations that conduct existing road patrols to obtain the necessary data. We assessed the feasibility of using roadkill data collected daily between 2014 and 2017 by road patrol staff from a private road agency on a 410 km length of the N3 road in South Africa. We modelled the relationship between a set of environmental and anthropogenic variables on the number of roadkill carcasses, using serval (Leptailurus serval) as a model species. We recorded 5.24 serval roadkill carcasses/100 km/year. The number of carcasses was related to season, the amount of wetland, and the number of owls killed on the roads, but was not related to any of the anthropogenic variables we included. This suggests that roadkill patterns may differ greatly depending on the ecology of species of interest, but targeting mitigation measures where roads pass through wetlands may help to reduce serval roadkill. Partnering with road agencies for data collection offers powerful opportunities to identify factors related to roadkill distribution and reduce the threats posed by roads to wildlife.
Repercussion of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the gene expression of human osteoblasts
Authors: Melguizo-Rodríguez Lucia , Costela-Ruiz Víctor J. , Manzano-Moreno Francisco J. , Illescas-Montes Rebeca , Ramos-Torrecillas Javier , García-Martínez Olga , Ruiz Concepción
Published: August 2018

Background

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used in clinical practice, which can have adverse effects on the osteoblast. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of NSAIDs on the osteoblast by analyzing the gene expression of different markers related to osteoblast maturation and function when treated in vitro with different NSAIDs.

Methods

Three human osteoblast lines from bone samples of three healthy volunteers were treated with 10 µM acetaminophen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketorolac, naproxen, and piroxicam. The gene expression of different markers (run related transcription factor 2 [RUNX-2], type 1 collagen [COL-I], osterix [OSX], osteocalcin [OSC], bone morphogenetic protein 2 [BMP-2] and 7 [BMP-7], transforming growth factor β1 [TGF-β1], and TGFβ receptors [TGFβR1, TGFβR2; TGFBR3]) were analyzed by real-time PCR at 24 h of treatment.

Results

Expression of RUNX-2, COL-I, OSX, was reduced by treatment with all studied NSAIDs, OSC expression was reduced by all NSAIDs except for ketoprofen, naproxen, or piroxicam. Expression of BMP-7 was reduced by all NSAIDs; BMP-2 was reduced by all except for naproxen. In general, NSAID treatment increased the expression of TGF-β1, but not of its receptors (TGFβ-R1, TGFβ-R2, andTFGβ-R3), which was either unchanged or reduced by the treatment.

Conclusion

These data confirm that NSAIDs can affect osteoblast physiology, suggesting their possible impact on bone.
Estrutura agrária e agricultura familiar em Santa Catarina
Authors: Talaska Alcione
Published: August 2018

Considerando as modificações realizadas no arcabouço conceitual de interpretação da realidade agrária brasileira nas últimas décadas, este artigo revela a supressão e a inclusão normativa de conceitos importantes para a interpretação da estrutura agrária e fundiária do país. O debate centra-se em torno da categoria latifúndio, que, segundo o Estatuto da Terra de 1964, deveria ter sido extinto gradualmente do território brasileiro. Fato que acabou acontecendo, eficientemente, no texto das leis, cunhadas por interesses de classe, mas, que, comprovadamente, se mostram persistentes na realidade agrária brasileira e, inclusive, na realidade do estado de Santa Catarina, onde se apresenta de forma concomitante com a agricultura familiar e, principalmente, com a agricultura não familiar. Este artigo apresenta, além de pressupostos teóricos para a permanência dos latifúndios, evidências que permitem a sua identificação na realidade agrária brasileira à luz da sua definição originária de 1964.
UBXN2A enhances CHIP‐mediated proteasomal degradation of oncoprotein mortalin‐2 in cancer cells
Authors: Sane Sanam , Hafner Andre , Srinivasan Rekha , Masood Daniall , Slunecka John l. , Noldner Collin J. , Hanson Alex D. , Kruisselbrink Taylor , Wang Xuejun , Wang Yiyang , Yin Jun , Rezvani Khosrow
Published: August 2018

Overexpression of oncoproteins is a major cause of treatment failure using current chemotherapeutic drugs. Drug‐induced degradation of oncoproteins is feasible and can improve clinical outcomes in diverse types of cancers. Mortalin‐2 (mot‐2) is a dominant oncoprotein in several tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In addition to inactivating the p53 tumor suppressor protein, mot‐2 enhances tumor cell invasion and migration. Thus, mot‐2 is considered a potential therapeutic target in several cancer types. The current study investigated the biological role of a ubiquitin‐like protein called UBXN2A in the regulation of mot‐2 turnover. An orthogonal ubiquitin transfer technology followed by immunoprecipitation, in vitro ubiquitination, and Magnetic Beads TUBE2 pull‐down experiments revealed that UBXN2A promotes carboxyl terminus of the HSP70‐interacting protein (CHIP)‐dependent ubiquitination of mot‐2. We subsequently showed that UBXN2A increases proteasomal degradation of mot‐2. A subcellular compartmentalization experiment revealed that induced UBXN2A decreases the level of mot‐2 and its chaperone partner, HSP60. Pharmacological upregulation of UBXN2A using a small molecule, veratridine (VTD), decreases the level of mot‐2 in cancer cells. Consistent with the in vitro results, UBXN2A+/− mice exhibited selective elevation of mot‐2 in colon tissues. An in vitro Anti‐K48 TUBE isolation approach showed that recombinant UBXN2A enhances proteasomal degradation of mot‐2 in mouse colon tissues. Finally, we observed enhanced association of CHIP with the UBXN2A‐mot‐2 complex in tumors in an azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium‐induced mouse CRC model. The existence of a multiprotein complex containing UBXN2A, CHIP, and mot‐2 suggests a synergistic tumor suppressor activity of UBXN2A and CHIP in mot‐2‐enriched tumors. This finding validates the UBXN2A‐CHIP axis as a novel and potential therapeutic target in CRC.
Bayesian Item Response Theory Estimation
Authors: Swaminathan Hariharan
Published: August 2018

The problem of fundamental importance in item response theory is the accurate estimation of the parameters that characterize the items and the trait levels of examinees. While, likelihood‐based approaches such as joint, conditional, and marginal maximum likelihood procedures provide reasonable estimates of the item parameters, more often than not these procedures yield estimates in the two‐ and three‐parameter models that are inadmissible in the sense that the estimates of the trait and item parameters fall outside acceptable ranges. Bayesian approaches, by taking into account prior and collateral information, overcome the problems encountered by likelihood‐based approaches.
Statistics in Drug Discovery
Authors: Hughes‐Oliver Jacqueline M.
Published: August 2018

Drug discovery is a critical path to the creation of a newly approved drug. Statisticians and statistical methods have a long and expanding history in the successful completion of drug discovery campaigns, and the advent of new technologies brings promise for major expansions. This article describes the stages of drug discovery and provides a sampling of statistical contributions for each stage.
Partially Ordered Sets: Partial Order Scalogram Analysis with Base Coordinates (POSAC)
Authors: di Bella Enrico
Published: August 2018

Partial order scalogram analysis with base coordinates (POSAC) is a dimensionality reduction technique based on an iterative procedure that projects a set ofm‐dimensional partially ordered elements on a two‐dimensional space, while preserving “as well as possible” their partial ordering relations. POSAC is part of the theory of Partially Ordered Sets and Facet theory, and it is mainly used in evaluation studies seeking a ranking or a prioritization of statistical units using a noncompensatory approach. Being a dimensionality reduction technique, POSAC implies a loss of information that is compensated by an easier interpretation of partial ordering in two rather than inm‐dimensions. This makes POSAC especially useful to discuss policy strategies in front of nontechnical decision‐makers.
Integer‐Valued Autoregressive Moving‐Average (INARMA) Models
Authors: Weiß Christian H.
Published: August 2018

The INARMA models for count time series constitute an integer‐valued counterpart to the conventional autoregressive moving‐average (ARMA) models. They adapt the ARMA recursion to the count‐data case using an appropriate thinning operation, for example, binomial thinning. The basic INARMA models have stochastic properties being analogous to those of the stationary ARMA models, and also several extensions have been developed. In particular, there exist modifications of the INARMA approach to deal with bounded counts or multivariate counts.
INGARCH
and Regression Models for Count Time Series
Authors: Weiß Christian H.
Published: August 2018

Although the INGARCH models for count time series are said to be an integer‐valued counterpart to the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models, they may also be understood as an adaption of the autoregressive moving‐average (ARMA) models to the count‐data case. The stochastic properties of these models as well as some extensions are discussed. In particular, the INGARCH models that are a type of linear conditional regression model, and also nonlinear regression models have been proposed for count time series.
Social Justice in Art Education: An Example from Africa's Last Colony
Authors: Perez‐Martin Fernando , Freedman Kerry
Published: August 2018

This chapter is an invitation to reflect on the potential of art and design education for social justice. It introduces the expanding focus on social issues in art and design classrooms and community learning environments. As an example, it narrates the work of a project in Africa's last colony called the International Art and Human Rights Meeting in Western Sahara (better known as ARTifariti). This project started in 2007 with the objective of using art practices to break the wall of silence that hovers over the forgotten conflict of Western Sahara. Through peaceful means of collaborative and participative artistic projects, foreign artists and refugees develop artworks and interventions to raise awareness about close to half a century of ongoing struggle in order to create social pressure to help bring this conflict to an end.
Resistance to coaching in forced‐choice testing
Authors: Orthey Robin , Vrij Aldert , Meijer Ewout , Leal Sharon , Blank Hartmut
Published: August 2018

In forced‐choice tests (FCTs), examinees are typically presented with questions with two equally plausible answer alternatives, of which only one is correct. The rationale underlying this test is that guilty examinees tend to avoid relevant crime information, producing a nonrandom response pattern. The validity of FCTs is reduced when examinees are informed about this underlying rationale, with coached guilty examinees refraining from avoiding the correct information but trying to provide a random mix of correct and incorrect answers. To detect such intentional randomization, a “runs” test—looking at the distribution of the number of alternations between correct and incorrect answers—has been suggested but with limited success. We designed a runs test based on distinguishing between patterns that look random and patterns that are random. Specifically, we alternated the horizontal presentation (i.e., presentation left or right on the screen) of the correct answer alternative between each trial. As a consequence, guilty examinees were faced with having to choose to randomize either between correct and incorrect answers—leading to chance performance—or between answers presented on the left or right, producing a pattern that “looks” random. As innocent examinees are unaware of the correct answers, they can only randomize between horizontal positions. Results showed that the number of correct items selected distinguished guilty from innocent examinees only when they were not informed about the underlying rationale. In contrast, alternations between correct and incorrect answers did distinguish informed guilty from innocent examinees. Incremental validity of the alternation criterion and theoretical implications are discussed.
Contraception Use Among Reproductive‐Age Women With Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Birru Talabi Mehret , Clowse Megan E. B. , Blalock Susan J. , Moreland Larry , Siripong Nalyn , Borrero Sonya
Published: August 2018

Objective

To determine contraception use among a cohort of reproductive‐age women (ages 18–50 years) with rheumatic diseases.

Methods

We conducted a study of administrative data from a single, large medical center between the years 2013 and 2014. Women who had 1 of 21 possible rheumatic disease diagnoses and had at least 2 outpatient rheumatology visits were included in this analysis. We used logistic regression analyses to evaluate adjusted associations between the use of prescription contraception, use of potentially fetotoxic medications, and visits with rheumatologists, primary care providers, and gynecologists.

Results

Of 2,455 women in this sample, 32.1% received any prescription contraception, and 7.9% of women used highly effective prescription methods (intrauterine devices, implants, and surgical sterilization). More than 70% of women took ≥1 type of fetotoxic medication during the 2‐year study timeframe. Fetotoxic medication use was not associated with overall use of prescription contraception, but was associated with the use of highly effective contraceptive methods (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.26 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.44–3.54]). Women who saw gynecologists or primary care providers were more likely to use prescription contraception overall (adjusted OR 3.35 [95% CI 2.77–4.05] and 1.43 [95% CI 1.18–1.73], respectively). Women who saw gynecologists were more likely to use highly versus moderately effective contraceptive methods (adjusted OR 2.35 [95% CI 1.41–3.94]). Rheumatology visits were not associated with use of prescription contraception in any models.

Conclusion

This is the largest study to date to describe contraceptive use among reproductive‐age women with rheumatic diseases, and the findings reveal low use of prescription contraception. Urgent efforts are needed to improve contraceptive care and access for some women with rheumatic diseases.
Integrated Hierarchical Carbon Flake Arrays with Hollow P‐Doped CoSe2 Nanoclusters as an Advanced Bifunctional Catalyst for Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wang Tongtong , Sumboja Afriyanti , Zang Wenjie , Xie Jianping , Gao Daqiang , Pennycook Stephen J. , Liu Zhaolin , Guan Cao , Wang John
Published: August 2018

Hierarchical nanostructured architectures are demonstrated as an effective approach to develop highly active and bifunctional electrocatalysts, which are urgently required for efficient rechargeable metal–air batteries. Herein, a mesoporous hierarchical flake arrays (FAs) structure grown on flexible carbon cloth, integrated with the microsized nitrogen‐doped carbon (N‐doped C) FAs, nanoscaled P‐doped CoSe2 hollow clusters and atomic‐level P‐doping (P‐CoSe2/N‐C FAs) is described. The P‐CoSe2/N‐C FAs thus developed exhibit a reduced overpotential (≈230 mV at 10 mA cm−2) toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and large half‐wave potential (0.87 V) for oxygen reduction reactions. The excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performance is ascribed to the synergy among the hierarchical flake arrays controlled at both micro‐ and nanoscales, and atomic‐level P‐doping. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the free energy for the potential‐limiting step is reduced by P‐doping for OER. An all‐solid‐state zinc–air battery made of the P‐CoSe2/N‐C FAs as the air‐cathode presents excellent cycling stability and mechanical flexibility, demonstrating the great potential of the hierarchical P‐CoSe2/N‐C FAs for advanced bifunctional electrocatalysis.
Bio‐Orthogonally Crosslinked, In Situ Forming Corneal Stromal Tissue Substitute
Authors: Lee Hyun Jong , Fernandes‐Cunha Gabriella M. , Na Kyung‐Sun , Hull Sarah M. , Myung David
Published: August 2018

In this study, an in situ forming corneal stromal substitute based on collagen type I crosslinked by bio‐orthogonal strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) is presented. The crosslinked collagen gel has greater transparency compared to non‐crosslinked collagen gels. The mechanical properties of the gels are controlled by changing functional group ratios and conjugated collagen concentrations. Higher concentrations of conjugated collagen yield enhances mechanical properties, where the storage modulus increases from 42.39 ± 8.95 to 112.03 ± 3.94 Pa after SPAAC crosslinking. Encapsulated corneal keratocytes grow within the SPAAC‐crosslinked gels and corneal keratinocytes are supported on top of the gel surfaces. SPAAC‐crosslinked gels support more favorable and stable keratinocyte morphology on their surface compared to non‐crosslinked gels likely as a result of more optimal substrate stiffness, gel integrity, and resistance to degradation. SPAAC‐crosslinked collagen gels with and without encapsulated keratocytes applied to rabbit corneas in an organ culture model after keratectomy exhibit surface epithelialization with multilayered morphology. The novel in situ forming gel is a promising candidate for lamellar and defect reconstruction of corneal stromal tissue.
Unveiling the Mechanism of Surface Hydrophilicity‐Modulated Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Lv Lin , Xie Youtao , Li Kai , Hu Tao , Lu Xiang , Cao Yunzhen , Zheng Xuebin
Published: August 2018

With inflammation increasingly recognized as a key factor that influences fracture healing, the immunologic response is considered to play a pivotal role in determining implant‐mediated osteogenesis. Herein, this paper demonstrates that modification of the surface hydrophilicity of Ti surface oxides can be utilized to control immune response by steering the macrophage polarization toward pro‐ or anti‐inflammation phenotype. Enhanced anti‐inflammatory and prohealing performance of macrophages is observed on hydrophilic surfaces compared to hydrophobic ones. Further study on the detailed mechanism demonstrates that the surface hydrophilicity controls specific proteins (fibronectin and fibrinogen) adsorption and conformation, which activate different signaling pathways (PI3K and NF‐κB) through selective expression of integrin β1 or β2 to influence the behaviors of macrophages. Thus, this study presents a mechanism of macrophage polarization modulated by surface hydrophilicity for the surface design of advanced implant materials with satisfactory anti‐inflammatory and osteogenesis‐promoting properties.
Architectural Designs and Synthetic Strategies of Advanced Nanocatalysts
Authors: Zhan Guowu , Li Ping , Zeng Hua Chun
Published: August 2018

Advanced nanocatalysts with high compositional and structural tailorability have emerged as a new class of heterogeneous catalysts exhibiting many new technical merits over their conventional counterparts. Generally, preparation of such catalysts involves the integration of catalyst components with compositional, size, and shape controls into a larger material system in order to bring along collective and synergetic effects of individual components. Herein, a brief review of architectural designs and synthetic strategies for making these nanocatalysts is presented. Due to length constraints, only four major types of them are highlighted together with some general rules of design and synthesis. Finally, a critical outline of future perspective in this field is proposed.
MOFs Extend the Lifetime of Pd(II) Catalyst for Room Temperature Alkenylation of Enamine‐Like Arenes
Authors: Cirujano Francisco G. , Leo Pedro , Vercammen Jannick , Smolders Simon , Orcajo Gisela , De Vos Dirk E.
Published: August 2018

The synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant scaffolds, such as substituted indoles or uracils, through the alkenylation of the “enamine‐like” aromatic C−H bond is performed at room temperature using catalytic amounts of Pd(OAc)2 in the presence of redox active, stable and reusable metal‐organic microporous frameworks. This is the first time that redox/acid active sites in the porous, non‐toxic and earth abundant robust MOF‐74 platform are used to avoid the fast deactivation of the cationic Pd species working under ambient conditions.

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Organocatalytic Biomimetic Decarboxylative Aldol Reaction of Fluorinated β‐Keto Acids with Unprotected Isatins
Authors: Li Yin‐Long , Wang Xue‐Lin , Xiao Dan , Liu Ming‐Ying , Du Yunfei , Deng Jun
Published: August 2018

A facile asymmetric synthesis of fluorinated 3‐hydroxyoxindoles through the biomimetic decarboxylative aldol reaction of fluorinated β‐keto acids with unprotected isatins catalyzed by quinine‐derived urea catalyst has been achieved. One of the features of this work is that the easily available α, α‐difluoro/α‐monofluoro‐β‐keto acids have been first applied in the enantioselective synthesis of fluorinated compounds as the masked fluoroenolates. Furthermore, the utility of this method was demonstrated by its ability to access a series of difluorinated 3‐hydroxyoxindoles with up to 95% ee and monofluorinated 3‐hydroxyoxindoles with up to 90 : 10 d.r. and 94% ee.

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Numerical simulation of energy consumption in the melt conveying section of eccentric rotor extruders
Authors: Wen Jin‐song , Yang Ming‐kai , Fan De‐jun
Published: August 2018

The polymer melt flow field in the melt conveying section of the eccentric rotor extruder was performed by the Fluid Dynamics software POLYFLOW. The rotor torque and the melt volume flow rate at each time were obtained by simulation analysis, and the energy consumption and the output in one cycle were computed with the support of the simulated data. Eventually, the specific energy consumption of the eccentric rotor, which was regarded as energy consumption evaluation index in the melt conveying process, could be calculated. The results showed that for different parameters, the eccentricity had the greatest impact on the specific energy consumption. With the increase in eccentricity, the energy consumption per unit melt transported decreased, and the extrusion output increased. The same tendency occurred for changing the pitch of the eccentric rotor, but the effect on the specific energy consumption was slight. When increasing the rotor speed and the rotor radius, the specific energy consumption increased. Experimental and theoretical methods were applied to compare the error of the simulation data under the same conditions, and the numerical simulation results were verified.
Synthesis and characterizations of antifungal polyurethanes with enhanced tensile and shape recovery performances
Authors: Chung Yong‐Chan , Park Jie Eun , Choi Jae Won , Chun Byoung Chul
Published: August 2018

Benzimidazole as an antifungal agent and poly(acrylic acid) as a hydrophilic group were grafted together onto polyurethane (PU) to synthesis the antifungal PU. Benzimidazole was chosen as a key antifungal agent because of its proven fungal growth control against a wide spectrum of fungi. The hydrophilicity of antifungal PU was notably escalated after the grafting of poly(acrylic acid) based on the water contact angle results, but the melting and glass transition of soft segment in PU did not notably change by the grafting of benzimidazole and poly(acrylic acid). The synthesized antifungal PUs exhibited a sharp increase in the breaking tensile stress and shape recovery due to the slight chemical cross‐linking between PUs. The benzimidazole‐grafted PUs containing the poly(acrylic acid) demonstrated a clear suppression in the growth of a group of fungi. Therefore, the antifungal PUs with enhanced tensile strength and shape recovery capability were successfully synthesized using the combined grafting of benzimidazole and poly(acrylic acid) onto PU.