bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive survey of condition-specific reproductive isolation reveals genetic incompatibility in yeast
Authors: Hou Jing , Friedrich Anne , Gounot Jean-Sebastien , Schacherer Joseph
Published: May 2015

Genetic variation within a species could cause negative epistasis leading to reduced hybrid fitness and post-zygotic reproductive isolation. Recent studies in yeasts revealed chromosomal rearrangements as a major mechanism dampening intraspecific hybrid fertility on rich media. Here, by analysing a large number of Saccharomyces cerevisiae crosses on different culture conditions, we show environment-specific genetic incompatibility segregates readily within yeast and contributes to reproductive isolation. Over 24% (117 out of 481) of cases tested show potential epistasis, among which 6.7% (32 out of 481) are severe, with at least 20% of progeny loss on tested conditions. Based on the segregation patterns, we further characterize a two-locus Dobzhansky–Müller incompatibility case leading to offspring respiratory deficiency caused by nonsense mutation in a nuclear-encoding mitochondrial gene and tRNA suppressor. We provide evidence that this precise configuration could be adaptive in fluctuating environments, highlighting the role of ecological selection in the onset of genetic incompatibility and reproductive isolation in yeast.
Design and synthesis of digitally encoded polymers that can be decoded and erased
Authors: Roy Raj Kumar , Meszynska Anna , Laure Chloé , Charles Laurence , Verchin Claire , Lutz Jean-François
Published: May 2015

Biopolymers such as DNA store information in their chains using controlled sequences of monomers. Here we describe a non-natural information-containing macromolecule that can store and retrieve digital information. Monodisperse sequence-encoded poly(alkoxyamine amide)s were synthesized using an iterative strategy employing two chemoselective steps: the reaction of a primary amine with an acid anhydride and the radical coupling of a carbon-centred radical with a nitroxide. A binary code was implemented in the polymer chains using three monomers: one nitroxide spacer and two interchangeable anhydrides defined as 0-bit and 1-bit. This methodology allows encryption of any desired sequence in the chains. Moreover, the formed sequences are easy to decode using tandem mass spectrometry. Indeed, these polymers follow predictable fragmentation pathways that can be easily deciphered. Moreover, poly(alkoxyamine amide)s are thermolabile. Thus, the digital information encrypted in the chains can be erased by heating the polymers in the solid state or in solution.
Real-time intermembrane force measurements and imaging of lipid domain morphology during hemifusion
Authors: Lee Dong Woog , Kristiansen Kai , Donaldson, Stephen H. , Cadirov Nicholas , Banquy Xavier , Israelachvili Jacob N.
Published: May 2015

Membrane fusion is the core process in membrane trafficking and is essential for cellular transport of proteins and other biomacromolecules. During protein-mediated membrane fusion, membrane proteins are often excluded from the membrane–membrane contact, indicating that local structural transformations in lipid domains play a major role. However, the rearrangements of lipid domains during fusion have not been thoroughly examined. Here using a newly developed Fluorescence Surface Forces Apparatus (FL-SFA), migration of liquid-disordered clusters and depletion of liquid-ordered domains at the membrane–membrane contact are imaged in real time during hemifusion of model lipid membranes, together with simultaneous force–distance and lipid membrane thickness measurements. The load and contact time-dependent hemifusion results show that the domain rearrangements decrease the energy barrier to fusion, illustrating the significance of dynamic domain transformations in membrane fusion processes. Importantly, the FL-SFA can unambiguously correlate interaction forces and in situ imaging in many dynamic interfacial systems.
A dietary intervention for chronic diabetic neuropathy pain: a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Bunner A E , Wells C L , Gonzales J , Agarwal U , Bayat E , Barnard N D
Published: May 2015

Background:

Diabetic neuropathy is a common and often debilitating condition for which available treatments are limited. Because a low-fat plant-based diet has been shown to improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes, we hypothesized that such a diet would reduce painful symptoms of diabetic neuropathy.

Methods:

In this 20-week pilot study, individuals with type 2 diabetes and painful diabetic neuropathy were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group was asked to follow a low-fat, plant-based diet, with weekly classes for support in following the prescribed diet, and to take a vitamin B12 supplement. The control group was asked to take the same vitamin B12 supplement, but received no other intervention. At baseline, midpoint and 20 weeks, clinical, laboratory and questionnaire data were collected. Questionnaires included an analog ‘worst pain’ scale, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, global impression scale, Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Neuropathy Total Symptom Score, a weekly pain diary and Norfolk Quality of Life Questionnaire.

Results:

After 20 weeks, body weight change with the intervention was −6.4 kg (95% confidence interval (CI) −9.4 to −3.4, P<0.001) in an effect size analysis. Electrochemical skin conductance in the foot improved by an average of 12.4 microseimens (95% CI 1.2–23.6, P=0.03) with the intervention in an effect size analysis. The between-group difference in change in pain, as measured by the McGill pain questionnaire, was −8.2 points (95% CI −16.1 to −0.3, P=0.04). Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument questionnaire score change was −1.6 points (95% CI −3.0 to −0.2, P=0.03).

Conclusions:

Improvements were seen in some clinical and pain measures. This pilot study suggests the potential value of a plant-based diet intervention, including weekly support classes, for treating painful diabetic neuropathy.
Combined treatment with a pH-sensitive fusogenic peptide and cationic lipids achieves enhanced cytosolic delivery of exosomes
Authors: Nakase Ikuhiko , Futaki Shiroh
Published: May 2015

Exosomes, which are approximately 100 nm vesicles secreted by cells, have been studied with respect to cell-to-cell communication, disease diagnosis and intracellular delivery. The cellular uptake of exosomes occurs by endocytosis; however, the cytosolic release efficiency of encapsulated molecules inside cells is low. To address this issue, here we demonstrate a simple technique for enhancing the cellular uptake and cytosolic release of exosomes by combining a pH-sensitive fusogenic peptide for the fusion of endosomal and exosomal membranes inside cells. This method stimulates the efficient cytosolic release of the exosomal contents with cationic lipids that act as a “glue” to support cellular uptake. Using this simple combined technique, the effective cellular uptake and cytosolic release of an artificially encapsulated dextran macromolecule (70 kDa) in exosomes are achieved and a marked improvement in bioactivity is attained with the artificially encapsulated ribosome-inactivating protein saporin. Our method will contribute to many biological research fields, including the assessment of the activities of exosomal contents and the development of candidate tools enabling intracellular visualisation and cellular regulation for future therapeutic applications.
Controlled Rejuvenation of Amorphous Metals with Thermal Processing
Authors: Wakeda Masato , Saida Junji , Li Ju , Ogata Shigenobu
Published: May 2015

Rejuvenation is the configurational excitation of amorphous materials and is one of the more promising approaches for improving the deformability of amorphous metals that usually exhibit macroscopic brittle fracture modes. Here, we propose a method to control the level of rejuvenation through systematic thermal processing and clarify the crucial feasibility conditions by means of molecular dynamics simulations of annealing and quenching. We also experimentally demonstrate rejuvenation level control in Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 bulk metallic glass. Our local heat-treatment recipe (rising temperature above 1.1Tg, followed by a temperature quench rate exceeding the previous) opens avenue to modifying the glass properties after it has been cast and processed into near component shape, where a higher local cooling rate may be afforded by for example transient laser heating, adding spatial control and great flexibility to the processing.
Construction of a nanocomposite sensor by the modification of a carbon-paste electrode with reduced graphene oxide and a hydroquinone derivative: simultaneous determination of glutathione and penicillamine
Authors: Benvidi Ali , Dehghan Parisa , Dehghani-Firouzabadi Afsaneh , Emtiazi Hamideh , Zare Hamid R. , Mazloum-Ardakani Mohammad
Published: May 2015

We report a sensor for glutathione using a carbon-paste electrode modified with RGO and DDDC as a mediator.
Novel photochromic infinite coordination polymer particles derived from a diarylethene photoswitch
Authors: Hu Xiao Guang , Li XiaoLiang , Yang Sung Ik
Published: May 2015

A novel infinite coordination polymer (DAE-ICP) based on zinc nitrate and a diarylethene photoswitch, with reversible photochromic properties in solution and the solid state upon applying photostimuli, was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM and FE-TEM.
How does an amorphous surface influence molecular binding? – ovocleidin-17 and amorphous calcium carbonate
Authors: Freeman Colin L. , Harding John H. , Quigley David , Rodger P. Mark
Published: May 2015

Molecular dynamics simulations of the protein ovocleidin-17 binding to the surface of amorphous calcium carbonate highlighting the residues contacting the surface.
Can far-IR action spectroscopy combined with BOMD simulations be conformation selective?
Authors: Mahé Jérôme , Jaeqx Sander , Rijs Anouk M. , Gaigeot Marie-Pierre
Published: May 2015

The combination of conformation selective far-IR/UV double resonance spectroscopy with Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations is presented here for the structural characterization of the Ac-Phe-Pro-NH2 peptide in the far-infrared spectral domain, i.e. for radiation below 800 cm−1.
Negligible degradation upon in situ voltage cycling of a PEMFC using an electrospun niobium-doped tin oxide supported Pt cathode
Authors: Savych Iuliia , Subianto Surya , Nabil Yannick , Cavaliere Sara , Jones Deborah , Rozière Jacques
Published: May 2015

Pt/Nb–SnO2 loose-tubes constitute a mitigation strategy for two known degradation mechanisms in PEMFC: corrosion of the carbon support at the cathode, and dissolution of Pt at high cell voltages.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Eu-doped Bi2S3 nanoflowers for degradation of organic pollutants under visible light illumination
Authors: Sarkar Arpita , Ghosh Abhisek Brata , Saha Namrata , Dutta Amit Kumar , Srivastava Divesh N. , Paul Parimal , Adhikary Bibhutosh
Published: May 2015

Eu-doped Bi2S3 nanoflowers possess highly visible light driven photocatalytic activity towards degradation of organic pollutants.
A highly selective fluorescent sensor for Al3+ and the use of the resulting complex as a secondary sensor for PPi in aqueous media: its applicability in live cell imaging
Authors: Liang Chunshuang , Bu Wenhuan , Li Chenglong , Men Guangwen , Deng Mengyu , Jiangyao Yukun , Sun Hongchen , Jiang Shimei
Published: May 2015

An “off–on–off” reversible fluorescent sensor has been developed for sequential detection of Al3+ and PPi in aqueous media, and has further been applied to live cell imaging.
Formation of glutathionyl dinitrosyl iron complexes protects against iron genotoxicity
Authors: Lewandowska Hanna , Sadło Jarosław , Męczyńska Sylwia , Stępkowski Tomasz M. , Wójciuk Grzegorz , Kruszewski Marcin
Published: May 2015

Formation of glutathionyl nitrosyl complexes abolishes thein vitrogenotoxic effect of iron ions alone and iron ions in the presence of a naturally abundant antioxidant, GSH.
ZnIIand HgIIbinding to a designed peptide that accommodates different coordination geometries
Authors: Szunyogh Dániel , Gyurcsik Béla , Larsen Flemming H. , Stachura Monika , Thulstrup Peter W. , Hemmingsen Lars , Jancsó Attila
Published: May 2015

Inspired by the metal ion binding loop of the MerR family of metalloregulatory proteins, a 12-mer peptide was designed with a broad metal ion specificity, allowing for both linear and tetrahedral coordination geometries.
Shell disorder, immune evasion and transmission behaviors among human and animal retroviruses
Authors: Goh Gerard Kian-Meng , Dunker A. Keith , Uversky Vladimir N.
Published: May 2015

This study involves measurements of percentages of intrinsic disorder (PIDs) in the GAG protein shells of various retroviruses.
Construction of photoswitchable rotaxanes and catenanes containing dithienylethene fragments
Authors: Li Ziyong , Han Xie , Chen Haiyan , Wu Di , Hu Fang , Liu Sheng Hua , Yin Jun
Published: May 2015

Mechanically interlocked structures such as rotaxanes and catenanes provide a novel backbone for constructing functional materials with unique structural characteristics.
PhI(OAc)2-mediated one-pot oxidative decarboxylation and aromatization of tetrahydro-β-carbolines: synthesis of norharmane, harmane, eudistomin U and eudistomin I
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Tangella Yellaiah , Manasa Kesari Lakshmi , Sathish Manda , Srinivasulu Vunnam , Chetna Jadala , Alarifi Abdullah
Published: May 2015

A new strategy for synthesis of β-carbolines via one-pot oxidative decarboxylation at room temperature is developed for the first time.
Mitochondrially targeted redox probe reveals the variations in oxidative capacity of the haematopoietic cells
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Brigden Kurt W. L. , Cashman Timothy F. , Fraser Stuart T. , New Elizabeth J.
Published: May 2015

NpFR2 is a fluorescent sensor that can reversibly measure changes in the mitochondrial redox environment.
Efficient gene and siRNA delivery with cationic polyphosphoramide with amino moieties in the main chain
Authors: Xu Wanfu , Wang Yaodong , Li Songyu , Ke Zhiyong , Yan Yichen , Li Shao , Xing Zhe , Wang Chunxia , Zeng Fangyin , Liu Ruiyuan , Deng Fan
Published: May 2015

A novel cation polyphosphoramide with amino moieties in the main chain was synthesized, which can be used as efficient carriers for plasmid and siRNA.
Silver nanoparticles on carboxyl-functionalized Fe3O4 with high catalytic activity for 4-nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Zhou Wei , Zhou Yi , Liang Yu , Feng Xiaohui , Zhou Hong
Published: May 2015

Silver nanoparticles on carboxyl-functionalized Fe3O4 show a high catalytic activity toward 4-nitrophenol reduction.
Effects of metal promotion on CuMgFe catalysts derived from layered double hydroxides for higher alcohol synthesis via syngas
Authors: Han Xinyou , Fang Kegong , Sun Yuhan
Published: May 2015

Schematic of the triple-active-site model and the linear relationship between alcohol selectivity and copper content.
Hydration of a sulfuric acid–oxalic acid complex: acid dissociation and its atmospheric implication
Authors: Miao Shou-Kui , Jiang Shuai , Chen Jiao , Ma Yan , Zhu Yu-Peng , Wen Yang , Zhang Miao-Miao , Huang Wei
Published: May 2015

We have investigated structural characteristics and thermodynamics of the hydration of a sulfuric acid–oxalic acid complex using density functional theory to gain insight into the ternary nucleation and its atmospheric implication.
Effect of poly(vinyl alcohol) as an efficient crystallization-assisting agent on the enhanced crystallization rate of biodegradable poly(l-lactide)
Authors: Zhao Yuping , Qiu Zhaobin
Published: May 2015

PVA increases both the nucleation density and the growth rate of PLLA spherulites in blends.
Cobalt sulfide nanoparticles decorated on TiO2 nanotubes via thermal vapor sulfurization of conformal TiO2-coated Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O core–shell nanowires for energy storage applications
Authors: Liu H. F. , Wang Y. D. , Lin M. , Ong L. T. , Tee S. Y. , Chi D. Z.
Published: May 2015

TiO2 nanotube W/O cobalt sulfide nanoparticle decorations are obtained by thermal vapor sulfurization of amorphous TiO2 nanotubes W/O Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O cores.
Chemical stability and tunable luminescence of Ln(iii)–K(i) coordination polymers featuring a tracery-like architecture
Authors: Li Qipeng , Yuan Zeli , Qian Jinjie , Du Shaowu
Published: May 2015

With the help of in situ generation of sulfate anion, three Ln(iii)–K(i) sulfate and oxalate coordination polymers have been synthesized. These compounds display thermal and chemical stability, as well as good temperature and pH sensing ability.
Highly sensitive SERS sensor for mercury ions based on the catalytic reaction of mercury ion decorated Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Qi Guohua , Fu Cuicui , Chen Gang , Xu Shuping , Xu Weiqing
Published: May 2015

Schematic diagram of the SERS sensing mechanism for mercury ions by a catalytic oxidation reaction.
Intrinsic defects in gallium sulfide monolayer: a first-principles study
Authors: Chen Hui , Li Yan , Huang Le , Li Jingbo
Published: May 2015

The electronic and magnetic properties of native point defects, including vacancies (VGa and VS), antisites (GaS and SGa) and interstitials (Gai and Si) in monolayer and bulk GaS, were systemically studied using the density functional theory method.
Regio- and diastereoselective construction of 1′,2′-(dihydrospiro[indoline-3,3′-pyrrol]-2′-yl)acrylates through phosphine-catalyzed [4 + 1] annulation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with oxindole-derived α,β-unsaturated imines
Authors: Lei Yu , Zhang Xiao-Nan , Yang Xue-Yan , Xu Qin , Shi Min
Published: May 2015

Phosphine-catalyzed [4 + 1] annulation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with oxindole-derived imines has been developed.
Systematic and site-specific analysis of N-sialoglycosylated proteins on the cell surface by integrating click chemistry and MS-based proteomics
Authors: Chen Weixuan , Smeekens Johanna M. , Wu Ronghu
Published: May 2015

A method integrating metabolic labeling, copper-free click chemistry and MS-based proteomics is effective to globally and site-specifically analyze surface N-sialoglycoproteins.
Hydrodynamic interactions of deformable polymeric nanocarriers and the effect of crosslinking
Authors: Sarkar Arijit , Eckmann David M. , Ayyaswamy Portonovo S. , Radhakrishnan Ravi
Published: May 2015

Hydrodynamic deformation of polymeric nanocarriers.
Multi-particle collision dynamics algorithm for nematic fluids
Authors: Shendruk Tyler N. , Yeomans Julia M.
Published: May 2015

2D nematic-MPCD simulation snapshot of instantaneous director and order parameter fields.
Plasmon enhanced photocurrent in strongly coupled Ag@perylene core–shell nanowires
Authors: Lin Ling , Gao Gui-Qi , Zhu Qing , Xu An-Wu
Published: May 2015

We have developed a hot electron induced photocurrent enhancement system of strongly coupled Ag@perylene core–shell nanowires.
Multiple structural transformations coupled with switchable magnetic and dielectric responses in an amphidynamic crystal of 4′-tert-butylbenzylpyridinium bis(maleonitriledithiolate)nickelate
Authors: Ning Wei-Hua , Zhai Lu , Liu Jian-Lan , Ren Xiao-Ming , Ichihashi Katsuya , Nishihara Sadafumi , Inoue Katsuya
Published: May 2015

An amphidynamic crystal shows a two-step structural transformation; the steps are coupled to both hysteretic magnetic phase transitions and dielectric anomalies.
A 1,8-naphthalimide based small molecular acceptor for polymer solar cells with high open circuit voltage
Authors: Zhang Xuejuan , Zhang Jicheng , Lu Heng , Wu Junyan , Li Guangwu , Li Cuihong , Li Sihui , Bo Zhishan
Published: May 2015

A PCE of 2.01% with a Voc of 1.30 V was obtained from polymer solar cells based on a 1,8-naphthalimide based small molecular acceptor, which was synthesized via direct C–H activation.
Structural and functional interactions within ryanodine receptor
Authors: Seidel Monika , Lai F. Anthony , Zissimopoulos Spyros
Published: May 2015

The ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channel plays a pivotal role in skeletal and cardiac muscle excitation–contraction coupling. Defective regulation leads to neuromuscular disorders and arrhythmogenic cardiac disease. This mini-review focuses on channel regulation through structural intra- and inter-subunit interactions and their implications in ryanodine receptor pathophysiology.
Connexin 43 ubiquitination determines the fate of gap junctions: restrict to survive
Authors: Ribeiro-Rodrigues Teresa M. , Catarino Steve , Pinho Maria J. , Pereira Paulo , Girao Henrique
Published: May 2015

Connexins (Cxs) are transmembrane proteins that form channels which allow direct intercellular communication (IC) between neighbouring cells via gap junctions. Mechanisms that modulate the amount of channels at the plasma membrane have emerged as important regulators of IC and their de-regulation has been associated with various diseases. Although Cx-mediated IC can be modulated by different mechanisms, ubiquitination has been described as one of the major post-translational modifications involved in Cx regulation and consequently IC. In this review, we focus on the role of ubiquitin and its effect on gap junction intercellular communication.
G-quadruplexes mediate local translation in neurons
Authors: Schofield James P.R. , Cowan Joanne L. , Coldwell Mark J.
Published: May 2015

There has recently been a huge increase in interest in the formation of stable G-quadruplex structures in mRNAs and their functional significance. In neurons, local translation of mRNA is essential for normal neuronal behaviour. It has been discovered that local translation of specific mRNAs encoding some of the best known synaptic proteins is dependent on the presence of a G-quadruplex. The recognition of G-quadruplexes in mRNAs, their transport as repressed complexes and the control of their translation at their subcellular destinations involves a diversity of proteins, including those associated with disease pathologies. This is an exciting field, with rapid improvements to our knowledge and understanding. Here, we discuss some of the recent work on how G-quadruplexes mediate local translation in neurons.
Multimodal deep network learning‐based image annotation
Authors: Zhu Songhao , Li Xiangxiang , Shen Shuhan
Published: May 2015

Multilabel image annotation is one of the most important open problems in the computer vision field. Unlike existing works that usually use conventional visual features to annotate images, features based on deep learning have shown potential to achieve outstanding performance. A multimodal deep learning framework is proposed, which aims to optimally integrate multiple deep neural networks pretrained with convolutional neural networks. In particular, the proposed framework explores a unified two‐stage learning scheme that consists of (i) learning to fune‐tune the parameters of the deep neural network with respect to each individual modality and (ii) learning to find the optimal combination of diverse modalities simultaneously in a coherent process. Experiments conducted on a variety of public datasets.
TV white space in London, UK: availability and maximum achievable capacity
Authors: Holland O.
Published: May 2015

The UK regulator Ofcom is holding an extensive pilot of TV white space (TVWS) technology in the UK. The Centre for Telecommunications Research, (CTR), London, is leading one of the largest trials within this pilot. On the basis of the UK's TVWS framework and using the capabilities of the CTR regarding the pilot, how much white space is available in London and the capacity that can be achieved as an upper bound by aggregating all available white spaces are assessed.
Power sharing control strategies for a three‐phase microgrid in different operating condition with droop control and damping factor investigation
Authors: de Souza Wanderson Ferreira , Severo‐Mendes Marcos Antônio , Lopes Luiz A.C.
Published: May 2015

In this study, a microgrid with two voltage source inverters (VSIs), operating in islanded or grid‐connected mode is analysed. The active power control by droop coefficients and reference frequencies is demonstrated. In addition, the inductive and resistive droop strategies are compared by considering the complex line impedance. By measuring the line impedance in the prototype, it was found that, even for the low‐voltage microgrid, the line impedance was not predominantly resistive, but complex. For this line impedance condition, an investigation to determine the best droop control law considering the partial derivatives. Observing the partial derivatives and the experimental results obtained it is demonstrated that inductive droop control is better to control the active power for complex line impedance. For a scenario with resistive unbalanced loads and different power sharing between the inverters, the proposed control, implemented in the a–b–c reference frame, was validated. A novel absolute damping factor is developed to improve the transient response and reduce the reactive power flow. The VSIs are connected to the grid without transformers to reduce the connection costs. Simulation and experimental results are presented to confirm the improvements achieved using the implemented control method.
Gaudin models for 𝔤𝔩(m|n)
Authors: Mukhin Evgeny , Vicedo Benoît , Young Charles
Published: May 2015

We establish the basics of the Bethe ansatz for the Gaudin model associated to the Lie superalgebra 𝔤𝔩(m|n). In particular, we prove the completeness of the Bethe ansatz in the case of tensor products of fundamental representations.
Transverse piezoelectric coefficient measurement of flexible lead zirconate titanate thin films
Authors: Dufay T. , Guiffard B. , Thomas J.-C. , Seveno R.
Published: May 2015

Highly flexible lead zirconate titanate, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT), thin films have been realized by modified sol-gel process. The transverse piezoelectric coefficient d31 was determined from the tip displacement of bending-mode actuators made of PZT cantilever deposited onto bare or RuO2 coated aluminium substrate (16 μm thick). The influence of the thickness of ruthenium dioxide RuO2 and PZT layers was investigated for Pb(Zr0.57Ti0.43)O3. The modification of Zr/Ti ratio from 40/60 to 60/40 was done for 3 μm thick PZT thin films onto aluminium (Al) and Al/RuO2 substrates. A laser vibrometer was used to measure the beam displacement under controlled electric field. The experimental results were fitted in order to find the piezoelectric coefficient. Very large tip deflections of about 1 mm under low voltage (∼8 V) were measured for every cantilevers at the resonance frequency (∼180 Hz). For a given Zr/Ti ratio of 58/42, it was found that the addition of a 40 nm thick RuO2 interfacial layer between the aluminium substrate and the PZT layer induces a remarkable increase of the d31 coefficient by a factor of 2.7, thus corresponding to a maximal d31 value of 33 pC/N. These results make the recently developed PZT/Al thin films very attractive for both low frequency bending mode actuating applications and vibrating energy harvesting.
Multilayered graphene acquires ferromagnetism in proximity with magnetite particles
Authors: Seifu Dereje , Neupane Suman , Giri Lily , Karna Shashi P. , Hong Haiping , Seehra M. S.
Published: May 2015

Anisotropic diamagnetism of pristine graphite and graphene is well known. Here, evidence of significant induced ferromagnetism in multilayer graphene (MLG) decorated with ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 particles is reported. This MLG-Fe3O4 nano-composite was prepared by a one-step ultrasonic treatment at 75 °C in the surfactant sodium dodecyl-benzene-sulfonate. To verify the phase structure and morphology of the composite, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, scanning tunneling electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were employed. Room temperature data of magnetization versus magnetic field showed that the saturation magnetization MS = 58.6 emu/gm for pristine Fe3O4 increased to MS = 158.4 emu/gm for a 1:1 composite of Fe3O4 to MLG. These results lead to induced MS = 253 emu/gm in MLG resulting from its proximity to Fe3O4. Similar experiments on Fe3O4 to single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) composite did not show any induced magnetism in SWNT.
Equilibrium shape of nano-cavities in H implanted ZnO
Authors: Chan K. S. , Vines L. , Li L. , Jagadish C. , Svensson B. G. , Wong-Leung J.
Published: May 2015

Thermally equilibrated nano-cavities are formed in ZnO by H implantation and subsequent high temperature annealing to determine the relative surface formation energies and step energies of ZnO from reverse Wulff construction and related analysis. H adsorption, vicinal surfaces, and surface polarity are found to play an important role in determining the final thermal equilibrium shape of the nano-cavities. Under H coverage, the O-terminated surface shows a significantly lower surface formation energy than the Zn-terminated surface.
Dimensional Interaction in Distance Judgment
Authors: Dopkins Stephen , Hoyer Darin
Published: May 2015

Participants decided under speed stress whether or not the horizontal distances between pairs of frontal locations exceeded a criterion distance. The error rate reflected parallel effects of the horizontal and vertical distance between the locations. Whereas dimensional interaction in perceptual judgment has previously been attributed either to the perception of the stimulus or to the response decision concerning the stimulus, here dimensional interaction was attributed to the process of distance assessment regarding the test locations. Under the proposed account, the horizontal distance between the locations could not be assessed independently of the vertical distance. Only the overall distance between the locations could be assessed. However, because the horizontal and vertical positions of the locations could be independently assessed, the horizontal distance between the locations was available to the extent that the vertical positions of the locations were weighted so as to minimize vertical distance prior to the assessment of overall distance. In support of this account, parallel effects of horizontal and vertical distance were not observed when participants decided whether or not pairs of locations had the same horizontal position.
Global Shape Information Increases but Color Information Decreases the Composite Face Effect
Authors: Retter Talia L , Rossion Bruno
Published: May 2015

The separation of visual shape and surface information may be useful for understanding holistic face perception—that is, the perception of a face as a single unit (Jiang, Blanz, & Rossion, 2011, Visual Cognition, 19, 1003–1034). A widely used measure of holistic face perception is the composite face effect (CFE), in which identical top face halves appear different when aligned with bottom face halves from different identities. In the present study the influences of global face shape (ie contour of the face) and color information on the CFE are investigated, with the hypothesis that global face shape supports but color impairs holistic face perception as measured in this paradigm. In experiment 1 the CFE is significantly increased when face stimuli possess natural global shape information than when cropped to a generic (ie oval) global shape; this effect is not found when the stimuli are presented inverted. In experiment 2 the CFE is significantly decreased when face stimuli are presented with color information than when presented in grayscale. These findings indicate that grayscale stimuli maintaining natural global face shape information provide the most adept measure of holistic face perception in the behavioral composite face paradigm. More generally, they show that reducing different types of information diagnostic for individual face perception can have opposite effects on the CFE, illustrating the functional dissociation between shape and surface information in face perception.
Visual Directional Anisotropy Does Not Mirror the Directional Anisotropy Apparent in Postural Sway
Authors: Holten Vivian , Donker Stella F , Stuit Sjoerd M , Verstraten Frans A J , van der Smagt Maarten J
Published: May 2015

Presenting a large optic flow pattern to observers is likely to cause postural sway. However, directional anisotropies have been reported, in that contracting optic flow induces more postural sway than expanding optic flow. Recently, we showed that the biomechanics of the lower leg cannot account for this anisotropy (Holten, Donker, Verstraten, & van der Smagt, 2013, Experimental Brain Research, 228, 117–129). The question we address in the current study is whether differences in visual processing of optic flow directions, in particular the perceptual strength of these directions, mirrors the anisotropy apparent in postural sway. That is, can contracting optic flow be considered to be a perceptually stronger visual stimulus than expanding optic flow? In the current study we use a breaking continuous flash suppression paradigm where we assume that perceptually stronger visual stimuli will break the flash suppression earlier, making the suppressed optic flow stimulus visible sooner. Surprisingly, our results show the opposite, in that expanding optic flow is detected earlier than contracting optic flow.
The Reference Point for Monocular Visual Direction Can, Sometimes, Be One of the Eyes Rather Than the Cyclopean Eye
Authors: Ono Hiroshi , Saqib Yosuf
Published: May 2015

We found that the imaginary line passing through two stimuli that points to an eye appears to do so when seen monocularly, which is consistent with Porterfield's axiom but inconsistent with Wells's proposition regarding visual direction. We also found that the imaginary line appears to point to the bridge of the nose when the near stimulus is seen binocularly and the far one is seen monocularly, which is consistent with Wells's proposition but inconsistent with Porterfield's axiom. We argue that these findings themselves do not necessarily vitiate the axiom or the proposition and that one should explore the different experimental conditions and hypothesize about the processes that might be involved.
The First Edition of the ars minor of Manuel Álvares’ De institvtione grammatica libri tres (Lisbon, 1573)
Authors: Kemmler Rolf
Published: May 2015

Based on a hitherto unknown copy of Manuel Álvares’ (1526–1583) very significant Latin grammar Emmanvelis Alvari è Societate Iesv de institvtione grammatica libri tres (Lisbon, 1573), this paper presents the first edition of what the author himself (in a Spanish letter to his superior in Rome) once called ‘arte pequeña’. Additionally, the present paper exploits the distinction of ars minor vs. ars maior as a means of investigating the separate publishing history of the student’s textbook (Álvares 1573a) in comparison to the teacher’s handbook (Álvares 1572), thus enabling a better understanding of the impact these two grammars have had all over the world from the 16th century to the 20th century.
American Linguists Look at Swiss Linguistics, 1925–1940
Authors: Newmeyer Frederick J.
Published: May 2015

Swiss linguistic research did not have a major impact on American linguistics in the inter-war period. Nevertheless, there was a perhaps surprising awareness of the results of Swiss scholars among American linguists active in that period. This paper documents both their numerous references to the work of the linguists of the Geneva School as well as the recognition given to Swiss scholars in general by the Linguistic Society of America.
The American Four-Level Analysis of Intonation Contours
Authors: Ladd D. Robert
Published: May 2015

The four-level analysis of English intonation prevalent in American structuralist work from the mid-1940s to the late 1960s is variably credited to 1945 publications by both Kenneth Lee Pike (1912–2000) and Rulon S. Wells (1919–2008). However, Pike’s work was the basis of published language teaching materials as early as 1942. The author reports a brief correspondence with Pike in 1989, which makes clear that Pike felt that his own contribution was underappreciated in the “intellectual climate” of Bloomfieldian linguistics. Bernard Bloch (1907–1965) and especially George L. Trager (1906–1992) appear to have influenced the reception of Pike’s work and to have overstated the credit due to Wells.
Interactive Food & Beverage Marketing
Authors: González Mari D.
Published: May 2015

Recent interest in U.S.-based Latino/Hispanic populations and their cultures has led to fruitful research and increased attention. Comprehensive books on Hispanic marketing have been made available by multicultural marketing experts. Marketing that targets Latino/Hispanic youth has become a promising, specialized, and lucrative field. This study shows how cultural research has been utilized by marketers to target young Latinos/Hispanics, who are the most susceptible members of the ethnic group to new trends in technology. It investigates the type of cultural knowledge that marketing researchers are using to target Latino/Hispanic youth and the effectiveness of their interactive advertising campaigns. It also explores how the ever-growing access to digital media changes the way the food and beverage companies do business with Latino/Hispanic youth.
Profile of a Terminologist in Localization Environments
Authors: Karsch Barbara Inge
Published: May 2015

Terminology as a subject for research has been around for centuries. Even terminology-related tasks have been carried out for many years. The profession of terminologist in the localization industry has been emerging and taken on a more distinct profile, as localization is maturing as an industry. This paper defines the profile of a terminologist in the localization industry. First, it sets important definitions, and then describes terminology work as an essential ingredient in the localization process, and conceptual analysis, in turn, as the essence of successful terminology work. It then gives examples of companies that employ terminologists and concludes by juxtaposing seemingly contradictory characteristics and skills of multilingual terminologists in localization settings.
Globalization, Reterritorialization, and Marketing
Authors: Kale Sudhir H. , Zlatevska Natalina
Published: May 2015

Accelerated globalization has dramatically altered the ways in which people consume, work, gather information, play and define their identity. Most extant discourse on globalization, particularly in the business discipline, ignores the impact of globalization on the identity of those affected. One of the key characteristics of globalization is deterritorialization; the severance of social, political, and cultural practices from their native places. Deterritorialization potentially destabilizes people‘s identity. In response, individuals will undertake activities and behaviors which help them “reterritorialize” and restore their sense of identity. This phenomenon has interesting implications for researchers as well as practitioners.
XLIFF Mapping to RDF
Authors: Anastasiou Dimitra
Published: May 2015

This paper discusses the lack of interoperability between file formats, standards, and applications. We suggest a mapping from the ‘XML Localisation Interchange File Format’ (XLIFF) into the ‘Resource Description Framework’ (RDF) in order to enhance interoperability between a metadata standard and a metadata model. Three use cases are provided (a minimal, a modular and one with alternative translations); each one with a source (XLIFF), an output (RDF), and an ‘Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations’ (XSLT) file. We explain in detail how the XLIFF file elements and attributes can be matched by the XSLT. Believing in the symbiotic relationship for a more effective way of presenting multilingual content on the Web, we developed a conversion tool to translate from XLIFF into RDF in order to automate the process. Our contribution is to translate XLIFF into RDF in order to facilitate ontology localisation, i.e. localise monolingual ontologies and populate Semantic Web approaches with localisation-related metadata.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Smolt Survival of Wild and Hatchery Coho Salmon in the Salish Sea
Authors: Zimmerman Mara S. , Irvine James R. , O'Neill Meghan , Anderson Joseph H. , Greene Correigh M. , Weinheimer Joshua , Trudel Marc , Rawson Kit
Published: May 2015

Understanding the factors contributing to declining smolt-to-adult survival (hereafter “smolt survival”) of Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch originating in the Salish Sea of southwestern British Columbia and Washington State is a high priority for fish management agencies. Uncertainty regarding the relative importance of mortality operating at different spatial scales hinders the prioritization of science and management activities. We therefore examined spatial and temporal coherence in smolt survivals for Coho Salmon based on a decision tree framework organized by spatial hierarchy. Smolt survival patterns of populations that entered marine waters within the Salish Sea were analyzed and compared with Pacific coast reference populations at similar latitudes. In all areas, wild Coho Salmon had higher survival than hatchery Coho Salmon. Coherence in Coho Salmon smolt survival occurred at multiple spatial scales during ocean entry years 1977–2010. The primary pattern within the Salish Sea was a declining smolt survival trend over this period. In comparison, smolt survival of Pacific coast reference populations was low in the 1990s but subsequently increased. Within the Salish Sea, smolt survival in the Strait of Georgia declined faster than it did in Puget Sound. Spatial synchrony was stronger among neighboring Salish Sea populations and occurred at a broader spatial scale immediately following the 1989 ecosystem regime shift in the North Pacific Ocean than before or after. Smolt survival of Coho Salmon was synchronized at a more local scale than reported by other researchers for Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha, Pink Salmon O. gorbuscha, Chum Salmon O. keta, and Sockeye Salmon O. nerka, suggesting that early marine conditions are especially important for Coho Salmon in the Salish Sea. Further exploration of ecosystem variables at multiple spatial scales is needed to effectively address linkages between the marine ecosystem and Coho Salmon smolt survival within the Salish Sea. Since the relative importance of particular variables may have changed during our period of record, researchers will need to carefully match spatial and temporal scales to their questions of interest.

Received October 12, 2014; accepted January 20, 2015
Epigenomick-mer dictionaries: shedding light on how sequence composition influencesin vivonucleosome positioning
Authors: Giancarlo Raffaele , Rombo Simona E. , Utro Filippo
Published: May 2015

Motivation: Information-theoretic and compositional analysis of biological sequences, in terms of k-mer dictionaries, has a well established role in genomic and proteomic studies. Much less so in epigenomics, although the role of k-mers in chromatin organization and nucleosome positioning is particularly relevant. Fundamental questions concerning the informational content and compositional structure of nucleosome favouring and disfavoring sequences with respect to their basic building blocks still remain open.

Results: We present the first analysis on the role of k-mers in the composition of nucleosome enriched and depleted genomic regions (NER and NDR for short) that is: (i) exhaustive and within the bounds dictated by the information-theoretic content of the sample sets we use and (ii) informative for comparative epigenomics. We analize four different organisms and we propose a paradigmatic formalization of k-mer dictionaries, providing two different and complementary views of the k-mers involved in NER and NDR. The first extends well known studies in this area, its comparative nature being its major merit. The second, very novel, brings to light the rich variety of k-mers involved in influencing nucleosome positioning, for which an initial classification in terms of clusters is also provided. Although such a classification offers many insights, the following deserves to be singled-out: short poly(dA:dT) tracts are reported in the literature as fundamental for nucleosome depletion, however a global quantitative look reveals that their role is much less prominent than one would expect based on previous studies.

Availability and implementation: Dictionaries, clusters and Supplementary Material are available online at http://math.unipa.it/rombo/epigenomics/.

Contact:  simona.rombo@unipa.it

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
IgSimulator: a versatile immunosequencing simulator
Authors: Safonova Yana , Lapidus Alla , Lill Jennie
Published: May 2015

Motivation: The recent introduction of next-generation sequencing technologies to antibody studies have resulted in a growing number of immunoinformatics tools for antibody repertoire analysis. However, benchmarking these newly emerging tools remains problematic since the gold standard datasets that are needed to validate these tools are typically not available.

Results: Since simulating antibody repertoires is often the only feasible way to benchmark new immunoinformatics tools, we developed the IgSimulator tool that addresses various complications in generating realistic antibody repertoires. IgSimulator’s code has modular structure and can be easily adapted to new requirements to simulation.

Availability and implementation: IgSimulator is open source and freely available as a C++ and Python program running on all Unix-compatible platforms. The source code is available from yana-safonova.github.io/ig_simulator.

Contact:  safonova.yana@gmail.com

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Arabidopsis Lectin Receptor Kinases LecRK-IX.1 and LecRK-IX.2 Are Functional Analogs in Regulating Phytophthora Resistance and Plant Cell Death
Authors: Wang Yan , Cordewener Jan H. G. , America Antoine H. P. , Shan Weixing , Bouwmeester Klaas , Govers Francine
Published: May 2015

L-type lectin receptor kinases (LecRK) are potential immune receptors. Here, we characterized two closely-related Arabidopsis LecRK, LecRK-IX.1 and LecRK-IX.2, of which T-DNA insertion mutants showed compromised resistance to Phytophthora brassicae and Phytophthora capsici, with double mutants showing additive susceptibility. Overexpression of LecRK-IX.1 or LecRK-IX.2 in Arabidopsis and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana increased Phytophthora resistance but also induced cell death. Phytophthora resistance required both the lectin domain and kinase activity, but for cell death, the lectin domain was not needed. Silencing of the two closely related mitogen-activated protein kinase genes NbSIPK and NbNTF4 in N. benthamiana completely abolished LecRK-IX.1-induced cell death but not Phytophthora resistance. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of protein complexes coimmunoprecipitated in planta with LecRK-IX.1 or LecRK-IX.2 as bait, resulted in the identification of the N. benthamiana ABC transporter NbPDR1 as a potential interactor of both LecRK. The closest homolog of NbPDR1 in Arabidopsis is ABCG40, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that ABCG40 associates with LecRK-IX.1 and LecRK-IX.2 in planta. Similar to the LecRK mutants, ABCG40 mutants showed compromised Phytophthora resistance. This study shows that LecRK-IX.1 and LecRK-IX.2 are Phytophthora resistance components that function independent of each other and independent of the cell-death phenotype. They both interact with the same ABC transporter, suggesting that they exploit similar signal transduction pathways.