bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON USING ViSP’S 3D MODEL-BASED TRACKER FOR UAV POSE ESTIMATION IN OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Li-Chee-Ming J. , Armenakis C.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. This paper presents a novel application of the Visual Servoing Platform’s (ViSP) for small UAV pose estimation in outdoor environments. Given an initial approximation for the camera position and orientation, or camera pose, ViSP automatically establishes and continuously tracks corresponding features between an image sequence and a 3D wireframe model of the environment. As ViSP has been demonstrated to perform well in small and cluttered indoor environments, this paper explores the application of ViSP for UAV mapping of outdoor landscapes and tracking of large objects (i.e. building models). Our presented experiments demonstrate the data obtainable by the UAV, assess ViSP’s data processing strategies, and evaluate the performance of the tracker.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTIC MEMS-BASED IMUs FOR UAVs NAVIGATION
Authors: Mohamed H. A. , Hansen J. M. , Elhabiby M. M. , El-Sheimy N. , Sesay A. B.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Accurate 3D reconstruction has become essential for non-traditional mapping applications such as urban planning, mining industry, environmental monitoring, navigation, surveillance, pipeline inspection, infrastructure monitoring, landslide hazard analysis, indoor localization, and military simulation. The needs of these applications cannot be satisfied by traditional mapping, which is based on dedicated data acquisition systems designed for mapping purposes. Recent advances in hardware and software development have made it possible to conduct accurate 3D mapping without using costly and high-end data acquisition systems. Low-cost digital cameras, laser scanners, and navigation systems can provide accurate mapping if they are properly integrated at the hardware and software levels. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are emerging as a mobile mapping platform that can provide additional economical and practical advantages. However, such economical and practical requirements need navigation systems that can provide uninterrupted navigation solution. Hence, testing the performance characteristics of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) or low cost navigation sensors for various UAV applications is important research. This work focuses on studying the performance characteristics under different manoeuvres using inertial measurements integrated with single point positioning, Real-Time-Kinematic (RTK), and additional navigational aiding sensors. Furthermore, the performance of the inertial sensors is tested during Global Positioning System (GPS) signal outage.
SONGBIRD – AN INNOVATIVE UAS COMBINING THE ADVANTAGES OF FIXED WING AND MULTI ROTOR UAS
Authors: Thamm F.-P. , Brieger N. , Neitzke K.-P. , Meyer M. , Jansen R. , Mönninghof M.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. This paper describes a family of innovative fixed wing UAS with can vertical take off and land – the SONGBIRD family. With nominal payloads starting from 0.5 kg they can take off and land safely like a multi-rotor UAV, removing the need for an airstrip for the critical phases of operation. A specially designed flight controller allows stable flight at every point of the transition phase between VTOL and fixed wing mode. Because of this smooth process with a all time stable flight, very expensive payload like hyperspectral sensors or advanced optical cameras can be used. Due to their design all airplanes of the SONGBIRD family have excellent horizontal flight properties, a maximum speed of over 110 km/h, good gliding properties and long flight times of up to 1 h. Missions were flown in wind speeds up to 18 m/s. At every time of the flight it is possible to interrupt the mission and hover over a point of interest for detail investigations. The complete flight, including take-off and landing can be performed by autopilot. Designed for daily use in professional environments, SONGBIRDs are built out of glass-fibre and carbon composites for a long service life. For safe operations comprehensive security features are implemented, for example redundant flight controllers and sensors, advanced power management system and mature fail safe procedures. The aircraft can be dismantled into small parts for transportation. SONGBIRDS are available for different pay loads, from 500 g to 2 kg. The SONGBIRD family are interesting tools combining the advantages of multi-copter and fixed wing UAS.
VALIDATION OF SPACEBORNE RADAR SURFACE WATER MAPPING WITH OPTICAL sUAS IMAGES
Authors: Li-Chee-Ming J. , Murnaghan K. , Sherman D. , Poncos V. , Brisco B. , Armenakis C.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) has over 40 years of experience with airborne and spaceborne sensors and is now starting to use small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) to validate products from large coverage area sensors and create new methodologies for very high resolution products. Wetlands have several functions including water storage and retention which can reduce flooding and provide continuous flow for hydroelectric generation and irrigation for agriculture. Synthetic Aperture Radar is well suited as a tool for monitoring surface water by supplying acquisitions irrespective of cloud cover or time of day. Wetlands can be subdivided into three classes: open water, flooded vegetation and upland which can vary seasonally with time and water level changes. RADARSAT‐2 data from the Wide-Ultra Fine, Spotlight and Fine Quad-Pol modes has been used to map the open water in the Peace‐Athabasca Delta, Alberta using intensity thresholding. We also use spotlight modes for higher resolution and the fully polarimetric mode (FQ) for polarimetric decomposition. Validation of these products will be done using a low altitude flying sUAS to generate optical georeferenced images. This project provides methodologies which could be used for flood mapping as well as ecological monitoring.
A NEW TECHNIQUE BASED ON MINI-UAS FOR ESTIMATING WATER AND BOTTOM RADIANCE CONTRIBUTIONS IN OPTICALLY SHALLOW WATERS
Authors: Montes-Hugo M. A. , Barrado C. , Pastor E.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The mapping of nearshore bathymetry based on spaceborne radiometers is commonly used for QC ocean colour products in littoral waters. However, the accuracy of these estimates is relatively poor with respect to those derived from Lidar systems due in part to the large uncertainties of bottom depth retrievals caused by changes on bottom reflectivity. Here, we present a method based on mini unmanned aerial vehicles (UAS) images for discriminating bottom-reflected and water radiance components by taking advantage of shadows created by different structures sitting on the bottom boundary. Aerial surveys were done with a drone Draganfly X4P during October 1 2013 in optically shallow waters of the Saint Lawrence Estuary, and during low tide. Colour images with a spatial resolution of 3 mm were obtained with an Olympus EPM-1 camera at 10 m height. Preliminary results showed an increase of the relative difference between bright and dark pixels (dP) toward the red wavelengths of the camera's receiver. This is suggesting that dP values can be potentially used as a quantitative proxy of bottom reflectivity after removing artefacts related to Fresnel reflection and bottom adjacency effects.
THERMAL INFRARED INSPECTION OF ROOF INSULATION USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES
Authors: Zhang J. , Jung J. , Sohn G. , Cohen M.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. UAVs equipped with high-resolution thermal cameras provide an excellent investigative tool used for a multitude of building-specific applications, including roof insulation inspection. We have presented in this study a relative thermographic calibration algorithm and a superpixel Markov Random Field model to address problems in thermal infrared inspection of roof insulation using UAVs. The relative thermographic radiometric calibration algorithm is designed to address the autogain problem of the thermal camera. Results show the algorithm can enhance the contrast between warm and cool areas on the roof surface in thermal images, and produces more constant thermal signatures of different roof insulations or surfaces, which could facilitate both visual interpretation and computer-based thermal anomaly detection. An automatic thermal anomaly detection algorithm based on superpixel Markov Random Field is proposed, which is more computationally efficient than pixel based MRF, and can potentially improve the production throughput capacity and increase the detection accuracy for thermal anomaly detection. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL FROM NON-METRIC CAMERA IN UAS COMPARED WITH LIDAR TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Dayamit O. M. , Pedro M. F. , Ernesto R. R. , Fernando B. L.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data as a representation of surface topography is highly demanded for use in spatial analysis and modelling. Aimed to that issue many methods of acquisition data and process it are developed, from traditional surveying until modern technology like LIDAR. On the other hands, in a past four year the development of Unamend Aerial System (UAS) aimed to Geomatic bring us the possibility to acquire data about surface by non-metric digital camera on board in a short time with good quality for some analysis. Data collectors have attracted tremendous attention on UAS due to possibility of the determination of volume changes over time, monitoring of the breakwaters, hydrological modelling including flood simulation, drainage networks, among others whose support in DEM for proper analysis. The DEM quality is considered as a combination of DEM accuracy and DEM suitability so; this paper is aimed to analyse the quality of the DEM from non-metric digital camera on UAS compared with a DEM from LIDAR corresponding to same geographic space covering 4 km2 in Artemisa province, Cuba. This area is in a frame of urban planning whose need to know the topographic characteristics in order to analyse hydrology behaviour and decide the best place for make roads, building and so on. Base on LIDAR technology is still more accurate method, it offer us a pattern for test DEM from non-metric digital camera on UAS, whose are much more flexible and bring a solution for many applications whose needs DEM of detail.
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE SYSTEM FOR LARGE SCALE MAPPING
Authors: Mah S. B. , Cryderman C. S.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), digital cameras, powerful personal computers, and software have made it possible for geomatics professionals to capture aerial photographs and generate digital terrain models and orthophotographs without using full scale aircraft or hiring mapping professionals. This has been made possible by the availability of miniaturized computers and sensors, and software which has been driven, in part, by the demand for this technology in consumer items such as smartphones. The other force that is in play is the increasing number of Do-It-Yourself (DIY) people who are building UAVs as a hobby or for professional use. Building a UAV system for mapping is an alternative to purchasing a turnkey system. This paper describes factors to be considered when building a UAV mapping system, the choices made, and the test results of a project using this completed system.
APPLICATION OF MULTIPLE CATEGORIES OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (UAS) IN DIFFERENT AIRSPACES FOR BUSHFIRE MONITORING AND RESPONSE
Authors: Homainejad N. , Rizos C.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Demand and interest in Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for civilian applications, and advances in technology such as development of sense-and-avoid systems, will soon allow UAS to be flown alongside manned aircrafts in non-segregated airspace. An area that can benefit from the application of UAS is the bushfire services sector. Currently such services rely on watchtowers, fixed-wing manned aircrafts and satellite data for reliable information. UAS are a promising alternative to traditional methods of collecting bushfire data. There are several varieties of UAS and each category has certain limitations, hence a combination of multiple UAS with features appropriate for bushfire emergencies can be used simultaneously for collecting valuable data. This paper will describe the general UAS categories, some characteristics of Australian bushfires, and speculate on how a combination of several UAS operating in different airspaces can be of benefit for bushfire response personnel and firefighters.
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MISSION PLANNER FOR RPAS
Authors: Gandor F. , Rehak M. , Skaloud J.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. This paper presents a development of an open-source flight planning tool for Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) that is dedicated to high-precision photogrammetric mapping. This tool contains planning functions that are usually available in professional mapping systems for manned aircrafts as well as new features related to GPS signal masking in complex (e.g. mountainous) terrain. The application is based on the open-source Java SDK (Software Development Kit) World Wind from NASA that contains the main geospatial components facilitating the development itself. Besides standard planning functions known from other mission planners, we mainly focus on additional features dealing with safety and accuracy, such as GPS quality assessment. The need for the development came as a response for unifying mission planning across different platforms (e.g. rotary or fixed wing) operating over terrain of different complexity. A special attention is given to the user interface, that is intuitive to use and cost-effective with respect to computer resources.
Scenario-based assessment of buildings damage and population exposure due to tsunamis for the town of Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Pagnoni G. , Armigliato A. , Tinti S.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Alexandria is the second biggest city in Egypt as regards population, is a key economic area in northern Africa and has a very important tourist activity. Historical catalogues indicate that it was severely affected by a number of tsunami events. In this work we assess the tsunami hazard by running numerical simulations of tsunami impact in Alexandria through the Worst-case Credible Tsunami Scenario Analysis (WCTSA). We identify three main seismic sources: the Western Hellenic Arc (WHA – reference event AD 365, Mw = 8.5), the Eastern Hellenic Arc (EHA – reference event 1303, Mw = 8.0) and the Cyprus Arc (CA – hypothetical scenario earthquake with Mw = 8.0), inferred from the tectonic setting and from historical tsunami catalogues. All numerical simulations are carried out by means of the code UBO-TSUFD, developed and maintained by the Tsunami Research Team of the University of Bologna. Relevant tsunami metrics are computed for each scenario and then used to build aggregated fields such as the maximum flood depth and the maximum inundation area. We find that the case that produces the most relevant flooding in Alexandria is the EHA scenario, with wave heights up to 4 m. The aggregate fields are used for a building vulnerability assessment according to a methodology developed in the frame of the EU-FP6 project SCHEMA and further refined in this study, based on the adoption of a suitable building damage matrix and on water inundation depth. It is found that in the districts of El Dekhila and Al Amriyah, to the south-west of the port of Dekhila over 12 000 buildings could be affected and hundreds of them could incur in consequences ranging from important damage to total collapse. It is also found that in the same districts tsunami inundation covers an area of about 15 km2 resulting in more than 150 000 residents being exposed.
Seasonal renewal time variability in the Curonian Lagoon caused by atmospheric and hydrographical forcing
Authors: Umgiesser G. , Zemlys P. , Erturk A. , Razinkova-Baziukas A. , Mėžinė J. , Ferrarin C.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the variability of the water exchanges in the Curonian Lagoon based on the hydraulic regime and the atmospheric forcings. A finite element hydrodynamic model has been applied to the Curonian Lagoon to simulate the circulation patterns for ten years. With the help of a transport-diffusion model the salinity distribution and the renewal times of the Curonian Lagoon have been investigated when forced by river runoff, wind and Baltic Sea level fluctuations. The hydrodynamic model has been validated using in situ salinity measurements. Model results show that the variability depends mainly on seasonal changes in hydrographic forcing and on the dominant wind regimes that prevail over the Curonian Lagoon. Exchanges between the southern and the northern part of the lagoon are mostly depended on the wind forcing and are much less influenced by the river discharge. However, when looking at the water renewal time, the most important factor is the river discharge into the lagoon. Other physical forcings are only marginally determining the renewal time, and not even ice cover is able to influence it. Even if ice cover is strongly inhibiting the exchanges between southern and northern lagoon, it is basically not able to change the absolute value of the renewal times.
Discover your Child: Is He/ She Abused by You Inside the House?
Authors: ALdarabah Intisar Turki , Almohtadi Reham , Alrub Mohammad Abo
Published: August 2015

This research seeks to reveal to the parents if they are abusing their children without knowledge inside the house. In order to answer the study questions, an instrument was developed to measure the abused behavior extent of including the items of abused. The instrument consisted of 50 items that involved five subscales  The instrument’s validity was tested through introducing it to specialists’ reviewers. Also the stability analysis was tested by re-analysis. The statistic data and frequencies were used to investigate the availability of the abused behavior. The study results showed that the mothers do not have the sufficient knowledge about the concept children abuse, inside the house, since the responses to all of the dimensions were below the medium, and some of the fathers and mothers abuse their children thinking that this is one of disciplines to make them acquire the desired behavior, and preventing them from the abnormal behavior.
Influence of Biologically Active Substance “STEMB” on a Morphofunctional Condition of a Liver and Kidneys of Rats at an Experimental Hepatorenal Syndrome
Authors: D.A. Areshidze  , L.D. Timchenko  , M.A. Kozlova  , I.A. Syomin  , I.V. Rzhepakovsky  , S.I. Piskov  , V.N. Vakulin
Published: August 2015

In this investigation, we revealed that application of the biostimulating tissue preparation based on chicken embryos (“STEMB”) at experimental hepatorenal syndrome showed improvement of the morphofunctional parameters of a liver. Under the influence of a biostimulator the relative mass of a liver considerably decreased and biochemical markers of a condition of a liver (total bilirubin, ALT, AST) returned to normal. Besides, under the influence of “STEMB” the tendency to normalization of mitotic, apoptotic and binuclear cells index of liver tissues and considerable decrease in a necrotic index is observed. Results of the research conducted by us allow to make a conclusion on possibility of inclusion of “STEMB” in a complex therapy of HRS for treatment of the injuries of a liver which are its main reason.
Lycopene Potentiates the Protective Effect of Aliskiren on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Rats
Authors: Vinay Kumar  , Surama Chauhan  , K. Nagarajan  , Bhulan Kumar Singh
Published: August 2015

Objective: The present study was designed to explore the combination therapy of lycopene with aliskiren in doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy.Methods: Cardiomyopathy was induced in Wistar rats by i.p. administration of Doxorubicin (DOX) (15 mg/kg, single dose). Haemodynamic parameters (Systolic, diastolic blood pressure, Heart rate), heart weight, heart weight/body weight ratio, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), oxidative stress (TBARS) and antioxidant enzymes (Glutathione, SOD and catalase) as well as transmission electron microscopein heart tissue were carried out.Results: There was significant increase in blood pressure, serum, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), oxidative stress (TBARS) and significant decrease in heart weight, heart weight/body weight ratio and antioxidant enzymes in cardiomyopathic rats. Combined therapy of lycopene (2 and 4mg/kg) with aliskiren (100 mg/kg) treatment showed pronounced beneficial effecton above parameters.Furthermore lycopene with aliskiren significantly improves the antioxidant defense by increasing reduced glutathione, SOD, catalase, heart size and heart weight/body weight ratio. It is clearly observed from Transmission electron microscopic slides of DOX treated rats, there was swelling of mitochondria with disruption of cristae, rupture of nuclear membrane, condensation and margination of nuclear chromatins which were well protected by lycopene along with aliskiren treatment.Conclusion: Therefore, combination therapy of lycopene with aliskiren offers better treatment for DOX-induced cardiomyopathy than ALK alone.
Hvordan sætter jeg min OJS-server op så der automatisk tildeles DOI med direkte eksport til CrossRef?
Authors: Thestrup Jesper Boserup
Published: August 2015

Denne artikel er tænkt som en hjælp til administratorer, der skal sætte DOI op på en OJS-server version 2.4.6. for de tidsskifter, der udgives på serveren.
Eu venho de longe: mestre Irineu e seus companheiros
Authors: Moreira Paulo , MacRae Edward
Published: August 2015

Este livro revela a importância do Daime na formação da identidade acreana. Destaca detalhes do caminho percorrido por Mestre Irineu e seus companheiros; aborda questões como sua relação com espíritas, esotéricos, militares e políticos e as estratégias de defesa utilizadas por este líder para proteger sua comunidade das perseguições. Todo o texto é ilustrado com fotos e mapas, além de reunir depoimentos dos primeiros participantes deste movimento religioso, muitos já falecidos ou com idades avançadas.
Opinions of MDs, RNs, allied health practitioners toward osteopathic medicine and alternative therapies: Results from a Vermont survey
Authors: Mcpartland John M , Pruit Patty L
Published: August 2015

The authors surveyed 191 allopathic physicians (MDs), registered nurses (RNs),and allied health professionals (AI-ll's) regarding their opinions toward osteopathicmedicine and alternative therapies. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to these healthcare professionals practicing in a rural region of west-central Vermont. Participants responded to six questions concerning osteopathicmedicine and 18 types of alternative therapies. These questions addressed safetyissues, efficacy, personal experience, patient referrals, interest in learningmore about alternative medicine, and whether alternative medicine should be provided at the regional hospital. The number of positive responses was totaled asa positive opinion score (POS) for each respondent. Survey results indicatedthat MDs' general acceptance of osteopathic medicine was less than that ofrelaxation techniques, massage therapy, self-help groups, and acupuncture. Allopathic physicians' opinions toward osteopaths mirrored that shown towardchiropractors. Nevertheless, MDs responded more positively to osteopathy thandid RNs and AHPs. Overall, RNs had a higher opinion of alternative therapies(mean POS 50.4) than did AI-ll's (mean POS 41.7) or MDs (mean POS 36.0;F = 4.98; P-value = 0.009). Among MDs, primary care providers averaged a POSof 41.1, while specialists had a mean POS of 24.0 (F = 6.85; P-value = 0.012).Overall, female respondents had a mean POS of 45.7 and men had a meanPOS of 37.0 (F =3.91; P-value = 0.051). The POS did not correlate with age (Pearson's r test; r = - 0.105).
Caracterização e tendências de gestão dos impactos negativos e positivos do espeleoturismo
Authors: Lobo Heros Augusto Santos
Published: August 2015

As cavernas estão entre os ambientes mais frágeis da superfície terrestre, em função de suas especificidades físicas, atmosféricas e biológicas. Suas características naturais, associadas aos aspectos culturais das comunidades locais, conferem interesse turístico às cavernas. Todavia, o uso turístico das cavernas gera impactos ambientais negativos, sobretudo quando são adotadas técnicas inadequadas de planejamento e gestão. Os impactos negativos são descritos na presente revisão bibliográfica, com indicações de procedimentos de gestão para evitar, reduzir ou eliminar as consequências danosas do espeleoturismo. Os impactos positivos também são apresentados, na perspectiva de obtenção de um espeleoturismo sustentável. As conclusões argumentam que os impactos negativos não devem ser tomados como impedi-mentos para o turismo em cavernas. Conhecer tais impactos é a chave para a obtenção de respostas prévias que permitam a ampliação da sustentabilidade das cavernas turísticas.
Qualidade dos Serviços Turísticos no Destino Pipa/Brasil: Um Estudo Sob a Ótica de Uma Análise de Cluster
Authors: Campos Domingos Fernandes , Maia Dalila Nathalia Bezerra
Published: August 2015

O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar fatores de atratividade e a qualidade dos serviços no destino turístico Pipa/RN. Com base em 28 atributos, foram apreendidas as expectativas de 760 turistas. O serviço foi avaliado pelo modelo das lacunas, verificando a (des)confirmação entre expectativas e serviço percebido. Duas questões balizaram a avaliação: (a) em que medida as expectativas dos clientes variaram com os fatores sociodemográficos? (b) os agrupamentos obtidos pela análise de clusters foram orientados pelos fatores sociodemográficos? Os grupos apresentaram diferenças de prioridades em relação aos atributos e se diferenciaram pelo grau de exigência em relação ao serviço esperado.
Recent contrasting winter temperature changes over North America linked to enhanced positive Pacific‐North American pattern
Authors: Liu Zhongfang , Jian Zhimin , Yoshimura Kei , Buenning Nikolaus H. , Poulsen Christopher J. , Bowen Gabriel J.
Published: August 2015

Recently enhanced contrasts in winter (December‐January‐February) mean temperatures and extremes (cold southeast and warm northwest) across North America have triggered intensive discussion both within and outside of the scientific community, but the mechanisms responsible for these contrasts remain unresolved. Here we use a combination of observations and reanalysis data sets to show that the strengthened contrasts in winter mean temperatures and extremes across North America are closely related to an enhancement of the positive Pacific‐North American (PNA) pattern during the second half of the 20th century. Recent intensification of positive PNA events is associated with amplified planetary waves over North America, driving cold‐air outbreaks into the southeast and warm tropical/subtropical air into the northwest. This not only results in a strengthened winter mean temperature contrast but increases the occurrence of the opposite‐signed extremes in these two regions.
Low‐altitude satellite measurements of pulsating auroral electrons
Authors: Samara M. , Michell R. G. , Redmon R. J.
Published: August 2015

We present observations from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program and Reimei satellites, where common‐volume high‐resolution ground‐based auroral imaging data are available. These satellite overpasses of ground‐based all‐sky imagers reveal the specific features of the electron populations responsible for different types of pulsating aurora modulations. The energies causing the pulsating aurora mostly range from 3 keV to 20 keV but can at times extend up to 30 keV. The secondary, low‐energy electrons (<1 keV) are diminished from the precipitating distribution when there are strong temporal variations in auroral intensity. There are often persistent spatial structures present inside regions of pulsating aurora, and in these regions there are secondary electrons in the precipitating populations. The reduction of secondary electrons is consistent with the strongly temporally varying pulsating aurora being associated with field‐aligned currents and hence parallel potential drops of up to 1 kV.
Electromagnetic cyclotron waves in the dayside subsolar outer magnetosphere generated by enhanced solar wind pressure: EMIC wave coherency
Authors: Remya B. , Tsurutani B. T. , Reddy R. V. , Lakhina G. S. , Hajra R.
Published: August 2015

Electromagnetic ion (proton) cyclotron (EMIC) waves and whistler mode chorus are simultaneously detected in the Earth's dayside subsolar outer magnetosphere. The observations were made near the magnetic equator 3.1°–1.5° magnetic latitude at 1300 magnetic local time from L = 9.9 to 7.0. It is hypothesized that the solar wind external pressure caused preexisting energetic 10–100 keV protons and electrons to be energized in the T⊥ component by betatron acceleration and the resultant temperature anisotropy (T⊥>T∥) formed led to the simultaneous generation of both EMIC (ion) and chorus (electron) waves. The EMIC waves had maximum wave amplitudes of ∼6 nT in a ∼60 nT ambient field B0. The observed EMIC wave amplitudes were about ∼10 times higher than the usually observed chorus amplitudes (∼0.1–0.5 nT). The EMIC waves are found to be coherent to quasi‐coherent in nature. Calculations of relativistic ∼1–2 MeV electron pitch angle transport are made using the measured wave amplitudes and wave packet lengths. Wave coherency was assumed. Calculations show that in a ∼25–50 ms interaction with an EMIC wave packet, relativistic electron can be transported ∼27° in pitch. Assuming dipole magnetic field lines for a L = 9 case, the cyclotron resonant interaction is terminated ∼±20° away from the magnetic equator due to lack of resonance at higher latitudes. It is concluded that relativistic electron anomalous cyclotron resonant interactions with coherent EMIC waves near the equatorial plane is an excellent loss mechanism for these particles. It is also shown that E > 1 MeV electrons cyclotron resonating with coherent chorus is an unlikely mechanism for relativistic microbursts. Temporal structures of ∼30 keV precipitating protons will be ∼2–3 s which will be measurable at the top of the ionosphere.
Arctic budget study of intermember variability using HIRHAM5 ensemble simulations
Authors: Sommerfeld Anja , Nikiema Oumarou , Rinke Annette , Dethloff Klaus , Laprise René
Published: August 2015

One of the challenges in evaluating and applying regional climate models (RCMs) is the nonlinear behavior of atmospheric processes, which is still poorly understood. The nonlinearities induce chaos which leads to an internal variability in the model. Therefore, an ensemble of RCM simulations has been run and a budget study for potential temperature has been applied to investigate the internally generated variability. Hence, the physical processes associated with diabatic and dynamical terms inducing the intermember variability have been analyzed. The study is applied over the Arctic on an ensemble of 20 members, differing in their initial conditions, simulated with the RCM HIRHAM5 during summer 2012. This time period is of particular importance because of the melting sea ice and its influence on atmospheric circulation and the resulting effect on the intermember variability. The amplitude of the intermember variability of the simulations fluctuates strongly both temporally and spatially. During the beginning of August 2012 the intermember variability is strongest and coincides with the great Arctic cyclone event. The most important contributions for the intermember variability tendency are the horizontal and vertical “baroclinic” terms. Both terms have largest absolute values along the coastlines of the Arctic Ocean which are associated with the Arctic frontal zone leading to the cyclone maximum over the Arctic Ocean during summer.
Fading Affect Bias in the Philippines: Confirmation of the FAB in Positive and Negative Memories but Not for Death Memories
Authors: Bond Gary D. , Walker W. Richard , Bargo Ann J. B. , Bansag Mern J. , Self Elizabeth A. , Henderson Dawn X. , Anu Rose M. , Sum Lillyanna S. , Alderson Courtney J.
Published: August 2015

Emotions associated with memories for the loss of a loved one and for negative events in general decrease in intensity more than memories associated with positive events, a phenomenon known as the fading affect bias (FAB). We tested whether FAB was cross‐culturally evident by collecting positive, negative, and memories for the deaths of loved ones from Filipinos. Memories were coded as violent/nonviolent and resolved/unresolved, and we predicted that resolved memories should show greater fading and that affective details should be lower in those memory accounts. FAB analyses revealed that negative affective intensity faded while positive affect remained constant, supporting FAB for positive and negative memories. However, there was no evidence of FAB in Filipinos' death memories. Filipinos' positive memories were distributed from the period of the reminiscence bump and focused on themes of childbirth and marriage, while negative and death memories did not cluster at any period of life.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Fully Transparent and Flexible Ultraviolet–Visible Photodetector Based on Controlled Electrospun ZnO‐CdO Heterojunction Nanofiber Arrays
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Gan Lin , Li Huiqiao , Ma Ying , Bando Yoshio , Golberg Dmitri , Zhai Tianyou
Published: August 2015

It is essential for novel photodetectors to show good photoresponses, high stability, and have facile fabrication methods. Herein, an optimized electrospinning method to fabricate a photodetector based on nanowire arrays that has a wide spectral response range is demonstrated. Arrays of ZnO‐CdO hybrid nanowires are carefully fabricated fusing ZnO and CdO portions into the same nanowires and subsequently assembling those nanowires into a regular structure. Compared to pure ZnO or CdO nanowire arrays, the hybrid arrays show comparable photocurrent/dark current ratios and response speeds, but they possess a much wider spectral response range from ultraviolet to visible light. The optoelectronic and electronic properties of the ZnO‐CdO hybrid nanowire arrays are systematically explored. Based on this, a transparent and flexible photodetector made of ZnO‐CdO hybrid nanowire arrays is fabricated. It shows a high transparency of around 95% in the spectral range of 400–800 nm and maintains its properties even after 200 bending cycles. Importantly, the developed, simple method can be directly applied to many types of substrates and a transfer of the nanowires becomes unnecessary, which guarantees a high quality of the devices.
CFD simulation of a transpiring‐wall SCWO reactor: Formation and optimization of the water film
Authors: Zhang Fengming , Ma Chunyuan
Published: August 2015

A two‐dimensional axisymmetric computational fluid dynamics model of a transpiring wall reactor for supercritical water oxidation was developed using the commercial software Fluent 6.3. Numerical model was validated by comparisons with experimental temperature profiles and product properties (total organic carbon and CO). Compared with the transpiration intensity, the transpiring water temperature was found to have a more significant influence on the reaction zone. An assumption that an ideal corrosion and salt deposition inhibitive water film can be formed when the temperature of the inner surface of the porous tube is less than 374°C was made. It was observed that lowering transpiring water temperature is conducive to the formation of the water film at the expense of feed degradation. The appropriate mass flux ratio between the total transpiring flow and the core flow was determined at 0.05 based on the formation of the water film and feed degradation. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 195–206, 2016
Triphenylphosphine/2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyanobenzoquinone (PPh3/DDQ) System for Conversion of Alcohols and Thiols into Trialkyl Phosphonates
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Firouzabadi Habib , Rajabi Moghadam Khashayar , Etemadi‐Davan Elham
Published: August 2015

An efficient method is reported for the reaction of alcohols or thiols with trialkylphosphites in the presence of a PPh3/2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) mixed reagent system for the preparation of trialkyl phosphonate derivatives. The reactions were performed in refluxing acetonitrile to deliver high yields of the title compounds.
Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydropyrans and Tetrahydrofurans via Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation of Alkenols
Authors: Sultana Sabera , Devi Ngangbam Renubala , Saikia Anil K.
Published: August 2015

Intramolecular hydroalkoxylation of alkenols mediated by boron trifluoride etherate leads to substituted five‐membered tetrahydrofurans and six‐membered tetrahydropyrans in good yields.
Ileum perforation due to cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with adult T‐cell leukemia
Authors: Nishimura Takeshi , Nakao Atsunori , Okamoto Ayana , Kihara Takako , Hirota Seiichi , Fujisaki Noritomo , Kotani Joji
Published: August 2015

Case

A 73‐year‐old woman was transferred to our department due to severe abdominal pain with peritonitis. Her laboratory data showed that her white blood cell count was elevated to more than 50,000/mm3. Antibodies to HTLV‐I were positive and we made the diagnosis of adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL).

Outcome

Emergency laparotomy was performed and revealed two separate small perforations of the ileum, requiring bowel resection. Immunohistochemistry for cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen revealed positive staining in the intestinal stromal cells. Despite surgery and antiviral therapy with ganciclovir, she died after 28 days.

Conclusion

Adult T‐cell leukemia patients may present acute abdominal pain due to intestinal perforation caused by CMV infection. We should be aware of CMV infection as one of the pathogens causing acute abdominal crises such as massive hemorrhage or visceral perforation.
Emergency medicine as a specialty in Asia
Authors: Pek Jen Heng , Lim Swee Han , Ho Hiu Fai , Ramakrishnan T. V. , Jamaluddin Sabariah Faizah , Mesa‐Gaerlan Faith Joan C. , Tiru Mohan , Hwang Sung Oh , Choi Wai‐Mau , Kanchanasut Somchai , Khruekarnchana Pairoj , Avsarogullari Levent , Shimazu Takeshi , Hori Shingo
Published: August 2015

Aim

We aim to examine the similarities and differences in areas of EM development, workload, workforce, and capabilities and support in the Asia region. Emerging challenges faced by our EM community are also discussed.

Methods

The National Societies for Emergency Medicine of Hong Kong, India, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and Turkey participated in the joint Japanese Association of Acute Medicine (JAAM) and Asian Conference of Emergency Medicine (ACEM) Special Symposium held in October 2013 at Tokyo, Japan. The findings are reviewed in this paper.

Results

Emergency medicine (EM) has over the years evolved into a distinct and recognized medical discipline requiring a unique set of cognitive, administrative and technical skills for managing all types of patients with acute illness or injury. EM has contributed to healthcare by providing effective, safe, efficient and cost‐effective patient care. Integrated systems have developed to allow continuity of emergency care from the community into emergency departments. Structured training curriculum for undergraduates, and specialty training programs for postgraduates are in place to equip trainees with the knowledge and skills required for the unique practice of EM.

Conclusion

The practice of EM still varies among the Asian countries. However, as a region, we strive to continue in our efforts to develop the specialty and improve the delivery of EM.
A Hollow Foldecture with Truncated Trigonal Bipyramid Shape from the Self‐Assembly of an 11‐Helical Foldamer
Authors: Eom Jae‐Hoon , Gong Jintaek , Kwon Sunbum , Jeon Aram , Jeong Rokam , Driver Russell W. , Lee Hee‐Seung
Published: August 2015

The creation of self‐assembling microscale architectures that possess new and useful physical properties remains a significant challenge. Herein we report that an 11‐helical foldamer self‐assembles in a controlled manner to form a series of 3D foldectures with unusual three‐fold symmetrical shapes that are distinct from those generated from 12‐helical foldamers. The foldamer packing motif was revealed by powder X‐ray diffraction technique, and provides an important link between the molecular‐level symmetry and the microscale morphologies. The utility of foldectures with hollow interiors as robust and well‐defined supramolecular hosts was demonstrated for inorganic, organic, and even protein guests. This work will pave the way for the design of functional foldectures with greater 3D shape diversity and for the development of biocompatible delivery vehicles and containment vessels.
Blending Cr2O3 into a NiO–Ni Electrocatalyst for Sustained Water Splitting
Authors: Gong Ming , Zhou Wu , Kenney Michael James , Kapusta Rich , Cowley Sam , Wu Yingpeng , Lu Bingan , Lin Meng‐Chang , Wang Di‐Yan , Yang Jiang , Hwang Bing‐Joe , Dai Hongjie
Published: August 2015

The rising H2 economy demands active and durable electrocatalysts based on low‐cost, earth‐abundant materials for water electrolysis/photolysis. Here we report nanoscale Ni metal cores over‐coated by a Cr2O3‐blended NiO layer synthesized on metallic foam substrates. The Ni@NiO/Cr2O3 triphase material exhibits superior activity and stability similar to Pt for the hydrogen‐evolution reaction in basic solutions. The chemically stable Cr2O3 is crucial for preventing oxidation of the Ni core, maintaining abundant NiO/Ni interfaces as catalytically active sites in the heterostructure and thus imparting high stability to the hydrogen‐evolution catalyst. The highly active and stable electrocatalyst enables an alkaline electrolyzer operating at 20 mA cm−2 at a voltage lower than 1.5 V, lasting longer than 3 weeks without decay. The non‐precious metal catalysts afford a high efficiency of about 15 % for light‐driven water splitting using GaAs solar cells.
Chiral Cyclopentadienyl Iridium(III) Complexes Promote Enantioselective Cycloisomerizations Giving Fused Cyclopropanes
Authors: Dieckmann Michael , Jang Yun‐Suk , Cramer Nicolai
Published: August 2015

The cyclopentadienyl (Cp) group is a very important ligand for many transition‐metal complexes which have been applied in catalysis. The availability of chiral cyclopentadienyl ligands (Cpx) lags behind other ligand classes, thus hampering the investigation of enantioselective processes. We report a library of chiral CpxIrIII complexes equipped with an atropchiral Cp scaffold. A robust complexation procedure reliably provides CpxIrIII complexes with tunable counterions. In a proof‐of‐concept application, the iodide‐bearing members are shown to be highly selective for enyne cycloisomerization reactions. The dehydropiperidine‐fused cyclopropane products are formed in good yields and enantioselectivities.
Characteristics of hemicelluloses obtained from sweet sorghum based on successive extractions
Authors: Li Helong , Li Zhi , Peng Pai , She Diao , Xu Qiang , Zhang Xueming
Published: August 2015

Hemicelluloses were successively extracted from sweet sorghum by hot water, dioxane, DMSO, and different concentrations of NaOH between 0.5% and 6.0%. The yields of the seven fractions together accounted for 88.6% of the original hemicelluloses. The obtained hemicellulosic subfractions were comprehensively investigated by both destructive methods such as alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation and acid hydrolysis and nondestructive techniques such as gel permeation chromatography, Fourier‐transform infrared, 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance, and 2D‐heteronuclear singular quantum correlation. Sugar composition studies showed that the water‐soluble polysaccharides consisted mainly of glucose, while xylose, arabinose, and glucuronic acid were the major sugars in other hemicellulosic fractions. It was found that the hemicelluloses from sweet sorghum were l‐arabino‐(4‐O‐methyl‐d‐glucurono)‐xylans. Comparison with the hemicellulosic fractions dissolved by the alkali treatment, the hemicellulosic fraction extracted by DMSO had lower molecular weight. In addition, it was also found that the hemicelluloses prepared by dioxane and DMSO were more branched since that they had higher nonxylose/xylose ratios than those extracted by the alkali treatment, which were more linear and contained higher amounts xylose. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42790.
The demise of a monopoly: Implications of geochemical characterisation of a stemmed obsidian tool from the Bishop Museum collections
Authors: MULROONEY MARA , TORRENCE ROBIN , McALISTER ANDREW
Published: August 2015

Geochemical analysis using portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) shows that a large stemmed tool in the Bishop Museum, thought at one time to be a mata‘a from Rapa Nui, is composed of obsidian from the Mopir outcrops on New Britain, Papua New Guinea. As the first large, ceremonial stemmed tool from this quarry, it challenges the hypothesis that production was limited to one region, therefore suggesting that a more complex set of social networks operated in the period prior to 3000 BP in the Bismarck Archipelago.
The scale of seed grinding at Lake Mungo
Authors: Fullagar Richard , Hayes Elspeth , Stephenson Birgitta , Field Judith , Matheson Carney , Stern Nicola , Fitzsimmons Kathryn E.
Published: August 2015

Smith's Comment on our functional analysis of grinding stone fragments from Pleistocene contexts at Lake Mungo (Fullagar et al. 2015) draws attention to the low frequency of implements, uncertainties about functional interpretations and archaeological implications. He argues that Pleistocene seed exploitation at Lake Mungo was limited and probably not indicative of a seed grinding economy. We suggest that it is premature to speculate about the scale of seed grinding at Lake Mungo. We also use new data to address concerns raised about our methodology.
What sort of seed grinding at Pleistocene Lake Mungo?
Authors: Smith M. A.
Published: August 2015

Fullagar et al. () use microwear and residues to argue for seed grinding in the late Pleistocene at Lake Mungo. The ten Zanci/Arumpo grindstone fragments in their study represent only three grindstones when conjoined. Grindstones appear to be rare in these assemblages and are small, hand‐sized implements. Traces of starch are low, of uncertain taphonomy and not from known economic taxa. The use‐polish may indicate grinding of seeds, but these grindstones were used differently to ethnohistorical seed‐grinders. Even if seeds were used, this was probably not a seed‐based economy.
The archaeology of Australian institutions
Authors: Winter Sean
Published: August 2015

The nature of institutions in Australian archaeology is reviewed and the five papers of this special section introduced.
Apply Novel Grey Model Integral Variable Structure Control to Air‐Ball‐Suspension System
Authors: Fan Shian‐Yi , Chuang Chin‐Wen , Feng Chieh‐Chuan
Published: August 2015

The magnetic suspension ball system has been researched for many years. A new air‐ball‐suspension system different from the magnetic force is developed in this manuscript. The non‐symmetric and time delay phenomena will be shown in this system. For the modeling, the piece‐wised approximated grey model is used to establish the pseudo model. Based on the pseudo model, the integral variable structure control is used to guide the sliding motion. Finally, the experimental results show the proposed control scheme's practical performance.