bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editor’s Choice- Sedation in the coronary intensive care unit: An adapted algorithm for critically ill cardiovascular patient
Authors: Schenone AL , Chen K , Andress K , Militello M , Cho L
Published: February 2018

In the current era, cardiovascular intensive care units care for more complex patients who are far sicker than historical post-myocardial infarction patients, and sedation has become a common intervention in these units. Current sedation best practices derive mainly from non-cardiac units which limits their generalization to the critically ill cardiac patient. Thus, a great variability in sedation protocols, especially the selection of sedative agents, is commonly seen in daily practice across cardiac units. We present an updated review on sedation in cardiovascular critical care medicine with emphasis on the hemodynamic impact. The goal of this review is to generate a general sedation algorithm specific for the cardiac patient.
Video-ethnography of social media apps’ connection cues in public settings
Authors: Figeac Julien , Chaulet Johann
Published: February 2018

This paper aims to analyze the uses of mobile social network services (mSNS) during daily commutes on the basis of a video ethnography conducted with 35 users of the Facebook app. This method is based on the combination of context-oriented recordings made with user-worn camera glasses and mobile screen video capture. These data reveal the way smartphone usage patterns tend to be organized according to notification functions (mSNS, SMS), a specific set of technical cues that mediatize social demand and promote social connectedness. Users manage these cues through a recurrent trend composed of a three-step sequence: they often start by using applications displaying notifications; they favor those that display social demands; and, among them, they prioritize these relational solicitations in accordance with social status or types of relationships.

By examining the distribution of users’ attention between urban environments and smartphone applications, this video-ethnography also highlights how these “checking habits” are organized according to a set of spatial cues and some daily commute characteristics, such as visual coordination with passengers in public transport. These technical cues mediatize a growing number of social demands that encourage users to keep their eyes focused on their smartphone’s screen in public spaces. We argue that these technical cues create a temporary bubble effect and social isolation at a proximal scale, which mostly operate at the beginning of smartphone usage patterns.
Smartphone use and smartphone addiction in middle school students in Korea: Prevalence, social networking service, and game use
Authors: Cha Seong-Soo , Seo Bo-Kyung
Published: February 2018

This study aimed to examine smartphone use patterns, smartphone addiction characteristics, and the predictive factors of the smartphone addiction in middle school students in South Korea. According to the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale scores, 563 (30.9%) were classified as a risk group for smartphone addiction and 1261 (69.1%) were identified as a normal user group. The adolescents used mobile messengers for the longest, followed by Internet surfing, gaming, and social networking service use. The two groups showed significant differences in smartphone use duration, awareness of game overuse, and purposes of playing games. The predictive factors of smartphone addiction were daily smartphone and social networking service use duration, and the awareness of game overuse.
Fans, Friends, Advocates, Ambassadors, and Haters: Social Media Communities and the Communicative Constitution of Organizational Identity
Authors: Dawson Veronica R.
Published: February 2018

Organizational identity is always somewhat socially co-authored. The social-media context provides an opportunity to interrogate the extent of this co-authoring in an interaction-heavy and difficult to control environment. This article presents a typology of online communities that co-author organizational identity through confirming and disconfirming identity messages. Through extensive qualitative research, including interviews, marketing meetings observations, and social media interaction observations, social media communicative practices are examined through a communication constitutive of organizing (CCO) framework, specifically the conversation-text dialectic of the Montreal School. By focusing the research on boundary-spanning social media marketers and their interpretations of social media interactions, this article demonstrates ways that organizational identities are co-authored from external interaction (conversation) to internal practice (text). This study contributes to the ongoing theoretical extension of the CCO framework beyond the container metaphor, while also contributing to the practice of social media marketing within and around organizations.
Introduction to Social Media, Activism, and Organizations
Authors: Murthy Dhiraj
Published: February 2018

Social media have become increasingly pervasive. However, the literature on social movements and social media has not fully grasped just how much social media have fundamentally changed the landscape of organizational communication, ranging from stakeholders being able to directly mobilize resources to making grassroots transnational social movements more organizationally feasible. A major gap in the literature is this lack of understanding how social media have shaped social movement organizations (SMOs) and the organization of social movements. This Special Issue brings together a unique collection of articles that map and comment on the field of social media and social movements. The volume contributes to literature in this area by exploring how social media are not only shaping social movements, advocacy, and activism from the point of view of organizational communication but also changing the ways in which activists and SMOs interact with each other. The volume leverages a diverse array of interdisciplinary methods and covers a broad terrain ranging from analyses of knowledge transfer between grassroot activists via social media to large SMOs. The Issue is broadly divided into two parts. Part 1 is focused around trends and interventions in social media, activism, and organizations research. Part 2 revolves around a global collection of case studies. The two are hardly mutually exclusive and the boundaries are roughly drawn. This collection provides a critical starting point for better understanding social media and social movements, an area that is fundamentally important to a variety of disciplines but severely underresearched.
After the #Keyword: Eliciting, Sustaining, and Coordinating Participation Across the Occupy Movement
Authors: Donovan Joan
Published: February 2018

Networked social movements (NSMs) are hybrid forms of social organization that rely on the platforms of the Internet to connect multiple individuals and groups to address a social justice issue. I mapped the communication infrastructure of the Occupy Movement from July 2011 to June 2013 to demonstrate how changes in protesters’ forms of communication reflected transformations in the organization of the movement and its capacity to mobilize participants. Through ethnography, I show how internal and external pressures—the high density of connections through social media, a desire to coordinate across locations, and police raids on encampments—led to the development of a virtual organization, called InterOccupy. InterOccupy is a communication platform owned and operated by participants in the Occupy Movement. InterOccupy took infrastructure building as a political strategy to ensure the movement endured beyond the police raids on the encampments. I conclude that NSMs create virtual organizations when there are routine and insurmountable failures in the communication milieu, where the future of the movement is at stake. My research follows the Occupy Movement ethnographically to understand what happens after the keyword.
Social Media and Informal Organisation of Citizen Activism: Lessons From the Use of Facebook in the Sunflower Movement
Authors: Tsatsou Panayiota
Published: February 2018

The literature embraces several arguments regarding the influence of online communication platforms and practices on communicative, semantic, affective and organisational elements of citizen activism. Although organisational matters are inherent in most discussions in this area, there is a need for empirical insight into under-explored cases of citizen activism that can contribute toward addressing questions about the informal organisation of citizen activism and the associated role of social media. This paper presents an interview study of the role of Facebook in the informal organisation of the Sunflower Movement in Taiwan. The study found that participants in the Sunflower Movement engaged more with Facebook’s information-spreading and information-sharing functions than with its networking affordances. They used these functions to enhance the public’s engagement with the movement and recruit new participants, as well as to initiate, support and coordinate offline action. In addition, in the context of the Sunflower Movement, Facebook appeared to support the largely self-organised and loosely structured character of the coordination of offline action. It also fostered movement participants’ actions and feelings of ‘altruism’ toward other participants as well as their desire to ‘awaken’ other groups and the public at large. Regarding leadership, the study shows that leadership structures still exist in technologically mediated citizen activism, but they are often challenged by activists, while decision-making is a lot more complex and multi-layered than in the past.
A scoping review of deictic gesture use in toddlers with or at-risk for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Manwaring Stacy S , Stevens Ashley L , Mowdood Alfred , Lackey Mellanye
Published: February 2018

Background and aims

Young children use deictic gestures, such as pointing, to indicate referents in their immediate environment. Early deictic gesture use is important in facilitating the development of language. In toddlers with or at-risk for autism spectrum disorder, the emergence and use of gestures may be delayed, and deficits in deictic gesture may inform clinical practice regarding early identification, differential diagnosis, and early intervention. The aim of this scoping review was to investigate the extent to which deictic gesture use has been examined in young children with or at-risk for autism spectrum disorder ≤ 36 months of age.

Methods

Four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ERIC) were comprehensively searched for relevant articles. Articles were reviewed in two phases: titles and abstracts followed by full text. Key variables related to participant/study characteristics and group differences on deictic gesture use were extracted. A narrative review was used to synthesize findings across studies.

Main contribution

Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria – 12 studies of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder and 7 studies of high-risk infant siblings of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Overall, toddlers with autism spectrum disorder were found to demonstrate reduced gesture use across deictic gesture types and ages compared to those with typical development. Findings were more variable when comparing toddlers with autism spectrum disorder to those with other developmental delays and in high-risk infant sibling studies. Although only measured in a limited number of studies, results suggest differences in gesture use in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder based on communicative function.

Conclusions

This review provides insight into the gesture use of toddlers with or at-risk for autism spectrum disorder. Results indicate the particular types of deictic gestures that may be delayed and the age ranges we might expect to observe these deficits in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder compared to those with typical development and other developmental delay groups. Results also reveal variability across studies in the measurement of gestures, and highlight where gaps remain in understanding deictic gesture use in young children with autism spectrum disorder.

Implications

Findings have research and clinical implications related to profiling and targeting gesture use as part of the assessment and treatment process, including identifying patterns of strength and weakness in deictic gesture use of young children with or at-risk for autism spectrum disorder.
The Demand for Special Education Teachers in Rural Schools Revisited: An Update on Progress
Authors: Sindelar Paul T. , Pua Daisy J. , Fisher Tiffany , Peyton David J. , Brownell Mary T. , Mason-Williams Loretta
Published: February 2018

In this commentary, we revisit “NCLB and the Demand for Highly Qualified Teachers: Challenges and Solutions for Rural Schools,” an article we published in this journal in 2005. We consider the predictions we made then about the impact of the Highly Qualified Teacher mandate on special education teacher (SET) shortages in rural states and regions, acknowledging that we overlooked the diversity of rural areas and their differentiated needs in our original article. We then update strategies and programs for preparing, recruiting, and retaining SETs in rural schools and discuss the implications of the Every Student Succeeds Act, which has replaced the No Child Left Behind Act, for special education in rural areas. We note with optimism the resilience that rural areas have exhibited in the face of teacher shortages and see hope in recent technology applications and other context-based strategies.
Republication of “NCLB and the Demand for Highly Qualified Teachers: Challenges and Solutions for Rural Schools”
Authors: Brownell Mary T. , Bishop Anne M. , Sindelar Paul T.
Published: February 2018

Teacher shortages in special education have been a source of long-standing concern for professionals and parents involved in the education of students with disabilities. Because of their geographic location, culture, and lack of resources, rural administrators have always struggled to staff their schools with qualified special education teachers. No Child Left Behind and its definition of highly qualified teachers present new challenges to rural district administrators attempting to secure adequate numbers of special education teachers. In this article, we outline the challenges rural administrators face in reducing special education teacher shortages, present strategies being used nationally and regionally to reduce strategies, and critique those strategies. We conclude our article by advocating for a more comprehensive approach to solving teacher supply and demand problems, one that is driven by personnel data.
α1-Antitrypsin infusion for treatment of steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Magenau John M. , Goldstein Steven C. , Peltier Dan , Soiffer Robert J. , Braun Thomas , Pawarode Attaphol , Riwes Mary M. , Kennel Maggi , Antin Joseph H. , Cutler Corey S. , Ho Vincent T. , Alyea Edwin P. , Parkin Brian L. , Yanik Gregory A. , Choi Sung Won , Lewis Eli C. , Dinarello Charles A. , Koreth John , Reddy Pavan
Published: February 2018

Key Points

AAT infusion produced a high proportion of durable clinical responses in SR-aGVHD. AAT is associated with minimal toxicity and low rates of infection in patients with SR-aGVHD at significant risk for mortality.
HO-1hi patrolling monocytes protect against vaso-occlusion in sickle cell disease
Authors: Liu Yunfeng , Jing Fangmiao , Yi Woelsung , Mendelson Avital , Shi Patricia , Walsh Ronald , Friedman David F. , Minniti Caterina , Manwani Deepa , Chou Stella T. , Yazdanbakhsh Karina
Published: February 2018

Key Points

SCD patients with a recent VOC episode have lower frequencies and numbers of HO-1hi patrolling monocytes. Heme-driven SCD vaso-occlusion is exacerbated in mice lacking patrolling monocytes and reversed following patrolling monocyte transfer.
Impact of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Pak Oleg , Scheibe Susan , Esfandiary Azadeh , Gierhardt Mareike , Sydykov Akylbek , Logan Angela , Fysikopoulos Athanasios , Veit Florian , Hecker Matthias , Kroschel Florian , Quanz Karin , Erb Alexandra , Schäfer Katharina , Fassbinder Mirja , Alebrahimdehkordi Nasim , Ghofrani Hossein A. , Schermuly Ralph T. , Brandes Ralf P. , Seeger Werner , Murphy Michael P. , Weissmann Norbert , Sommer Natascha
Published: February 2018

Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide, have been suggested to mediate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular remodelling.

We determined ROS in acute and chronic hypoxia, and investigated the effect of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ under these conditions.

The effect of MitoQ or its inactive carrier substance, decyltriphenylphosphonium, on acute HPV (1% O2for 10 min) was investigated in isolated blood-free perfused mouse lungs. Mice exposed to chronic hypoxia (10% O2for 4 weeks) or after banding of the main pulmonary artery were treated with MitoQ or decyltriphenylphosphonium (50 mg·kg−1·day−1).

Total cellular superoxide and mitochondrial ROS levels were increased in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells but decreased in pulmonary fibroblasts in acute hypoxia. MitoQ significantly inhibited HPV and acute hypoxia-induced rise in superoxide concentration. ROS was decreased in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, while it increased in the right ventricle after chronic hypoxia. Correspondingly, MitoQ did not affect the development of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension but attenuated right ventricular remodelling after chronic hypoxia as well as after pulmonary arterial banding.

Increased mitochondrial ROS of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells mediate acute HPV, but not chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. MitoQ may be beneficial under conditions of exaggerated acute HPV.
Effect modification of perinatal exposure to air pollution and childhood asthma incidence
Authors: Lavigne Éric , Bélair Marc-André , Rodriguez Duque Daniel , Do Minh T. , Stieb David M. , Hystad Perry , van Donkelaar Aaron , Martin Randall V. , Crouse Daniel L. , Crighton Eric , Chen Hong , Burnett Richard T. , Weichenthal Scott , Villeneuve Paul J. , To Teresa , Brook Jeffrey R. , Johnson Markey , Cakmak Sabit , Yasseen Abdool S. , Walker Mark
Published: February 2018

Perinatal exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with childhood asthma incidence; however, less is known regarding the potential effect modifiers in this association. We examined whether maternal and infant characteristics modified the association between perinatal exposure to air pollution and development of childhood asthma.

761 172 births occurring between 2006 and 2012 were identified in the province of Ontario, Canada. Associations between exposure to ambient air pollutants and childhood asthma incidence (up to age 6 years) were estimated using Cox regression models.

110 981 children with asthma were identified. In models adjusted for postnatal exposures, second-trimester exposures to particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (hazard ratio (HR) per interquartile range (IQR) increase 1.07, 95% CI 1.06–1.09) and nitrogen dioxide (HR per IQR increase 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.08) were associated with childhood asthma development. Enhanced impacts were found among children born to mothers with asthma, who smoked during pregnancy or lived in urban areas during pregnancy, males and children born preterm or of low birthweight.

Prenatal exposure to air pollution may have a differential impact on the risk of asthma development, according to maternal and infant characteristics.
Predictive distribution of high-quality tight reservoirs of coarse clastic rocks by linking diagenesis to sedimentary facies: Evidence from the upper Sha 4 Member in the northern Bonan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China
Authors: Wu Dong , Liu Xiantai , Du Yushan , Jiang Long , Cheng Ziyan
Published: February 2018

Coarse clastic rocks of the upper Sha 4 Member in the northern Bonan Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin in eastern China are important hydrocarbon reservoirs. The deposits are tight reservoirs owing to the low porosity (less than 10%) and low permeability (less than 1 mD). Because of the strong heterogeneity, although the reserve in the northern Bonan Sag is remarkable, only 4.9% of the reserves are recovered. We have studied these tight reservoirs by linking diagenesis to sedimentary facies to help predict the distribution of high-quality tight reservoirs. Petrographic analysis is undertaken based on cores, thin sections, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, helpful to understand the impacts on tight reservoirs of sedimentary factors and diagenesis factors. Sedimentary microfacies, lithologic characteristics, reservoir property, diagenesis, and diagenetic minerals are studied. Coarse clastic rocks are deposited mainly in nearshore subaqueous fans and fan deltas. The multistage sandstones are the valid reservoirs of coarse clastic rocks and dominated by feldspathic litharenite, lithic arkose, and arkose. The reservoir property is poor principally owing to the strong compaction and cementation. Pores are composed of secondary pores and primary pores. The secondary pore, generated in the dissolution of detrital minerals and/or cements, is the major type of pores and important to porosity improvement. By linking diagenesis to sedimentary facies, it can be concluded that high-quality tight reservoirs of coarse clastic rocks of the upper Sha 4 Member in the northern Bonan Sag of Bohai Bay Basin in eastern China are associated with medium to coarse-grain sandstones, found in the middle part of underwater distributary channel deposits in fan deltas and in the middle part of underwater channel deposits in nearshore subaqueous fans, with abundant secondary porosity but low cement contents, vertically at depths ranging from 3500 to 4100 m.
Multiphysics characterization of reservoir prospects in the Hoop area of the Barents Sea
Authors: Alvarez Pedro , Marcy Fanny , Vrijlandt Mark , Skinnemoen Øyvind , MacGregor Lucy , Nichols Kim , Keirstead Rob , Bolivar Francisco , Bouchrara Slim , Smith Maggie , Wen Tseng Hung , Rappke Jochen
Published: February 2018

The inherent nonuniqueness of geophysical analysis can mean that interpretations based only on a single geophysical measurement can be ambiguous or uncertain. We have developed a case study from the Hoop area of the Barents Sea, in which prestack seismic, well-log, and controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data were integrated within a rock-physics framework to provide a more robust assessment of the prospectivity of the area than could be obtained by seismic analysis alone. In this example, although quantitative seismic interpretation identified potentially hydrocarbon-bearing sands, the saturation was uncertain. In this area and at shallow depths, the main focus is on (very) high oil saturations. Adding the CSEM data in this setting allows us to distinguish between high saturations ([Formula: see text]) and low and medium saturations ([Formula: see text]): It is clear that saturations similar to those observed at the nearby Wisting well ([Formula: see text]) are not present in this area. However, because of limitations on the sensitivity of the CSEM data in this high-resistivity environment, it is not possible to distinguish between low and medium saturations. This remains an uncertainty in the analysis. Based on the resulting downgrade of the main prospect Maya and the limited additional high-risk prospectivity at other stratigraphic levels, the partnership agreed to surrender the license.
What controls the maximum magnitude of injection-induced earthquakes?
Authors: Eaton David W. , Igonin Nadine
Published: February 2018

Various approaches have been proposed to forecast the maximum expected earthquake magnitude that may be induced by fluid injection in a given area. Proposed forecast methods include a geometrical approach based on inferred dimensions of the stimulated volume; a formula that predicts maximum magnitude based on a putative linear relationship between maximum seismic moment and net injected volume; and a probabilistic approach based on seismic-activity rate. In this study, the probabilistic approach is extended to include a tapered Gutenberg-Richter distribution, which accounts for the effects of finite-fault dimensions. Each method makes specific assumptions that impact the applicability of the maximum-magnitude forecast, leading to divergent implications for monitoring and mitigation. Starting from basic concepts from earthquake seismology, we outline the theory and applications of these forecasting methods and test the maximum-magnitude forecasts using published examples of induced earthquakes. The majority of published examples are consistent with the putative volumetric limit, but a number of anomalous hydraulic-fracturing-induced events suggest that maximum magnitude is ultimately limited by geology (i.e., fault dimensions) rather than operational factors (e.g., net injected volume). Progress in understanding maximum magnitude may contribute to improved public communication and a stronger scientific foundation for traffic light criteria.
The scientific standing of psychoanalysis
Authors: Solms Mark
Published: February 2018

This paper summarises the core scientific claims of psychoanalysis and rebuts the prejudice that it is not ‘evidence-based’. I address the following questions. (A) How does the emotional mind work, in health and disease? (B) Therefore, what does psychoanalytic treatment aim to achieve? (C) How effective is it?
Terrorism in Pakistan: the psychosocial context and why it matters
Authors: Nizami Asad Tamizuddin , Hassan Tariq Mahmood , Yasir Sadia , Rana Mowaddat Hussain , Minhas Fareed Aslam
Published: February 2018

Terrorism is often construed as a well-thought-out, extreme form of violence to perceived injustices. The after effects of terrorism are usually reported without understanding the underlying psychological and social determinants of the terrorist act. Since ‘9/11’ Pakistan has been at the epicentre of both terrorism and the war against it. This special paper helps to explain the psychosocial perspective of terrorism in Pakistan that leads to violent radicalisation. It identifies the terrorist acts in the background of Pakistan's history, current geopolitical and social scenario. The findings may also act as a guide on addressing this core issue.
Incorporating Digital Tools to Improve Clinical Trial Infrastructure: A White Paper From the Digital Engagement Committee of SWOG
Authors: Dizon Don S. , Sedrak Mina S. , Lewis Mark A. , Cook Elise , Fisch Michael J. , Klemp Jennifer R. , Sommers Jonathan , Ciccarella AnneMarie , Gralow Julie , Lawton Wendy , Nichols Craig ,   on behalf of the SWOG Digital Engagement Committee
Published: February 2018

Progress toward improvement in cancer therapy relies on clinical trials. Yet, only a minority of eligible patients with cancer enroll as a result of multiple barriers at the patient, investigator, center, and national level. However, the rise of the Internet and mobile technology has created a slew of tools with medical applications, from Web sites to apps to social media platforms, all of which may aide clinicians in our quest to improve the clinical research enterprise. SWOG is one of five members in the National Cancer Institute’s National Clinical Trials Network—the nation’s oldest and largest publicly funded cancer research network—and is taking a leadership role in exploring and testing the promise of digital engagement through the empaneling of the Digital Engagement Committee. This article outlines the mission, principles, and priorities of the Digital Engagement Committee and proposes how this work may inform the use of digital tools for the cancer research community and, hopefully, translate to improved outcomes for our patients.
Pomalidomide Plus Low-Dose Dexamethasone in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma and Renal Impairment: Results From a Phase II Trial
Authors: Dimopoulos Meletios , Weisel Katja , van de Donk Niels W.C.J. , Ramasamy Karthik , Gamberi Barbara , Streetly Matthew , Offidani Massimo , Bridoux Frank , de la Rubia Javier , Mateos Maria-Victoria , Ardizzoia Antonio , Kueenburg Elisabeth , Collins Shona , Di Micco Antonia , Rosettani Barbara , Li Yan , Bacon Pamela , Sonneveld Pieter
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Renal impairment (RI) limits treatment options in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Here, we prospectively studied pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone (LoDEX) in patients with RRMM and moderate or severe RI, including those receiving hemodialysis.

Patients and Methods

MM-013, a noncomparative, European phase II trial, enrolled three patient cohorts: moderate RI (cohort A; estimated glomerular filtration rate, 30 to < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2); severe RI (cohort B; estimated glomerular filtration rate, < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2); and severe RI that requires hemodialysis (cohort C). Patients received pomalidomide 4 mg/d on days 1 to 21 and LoDEX 20 or 40 mg once per week in 28-day cycles. The primary end point was overall response rate.

Results

Of 81 enrolled patients (33, 34, and 14 patients in cohorts A, B, and C, respectively), 13 were still receiving treatment at data cutoff (January 28, 2017). Overall response rates were 39.4%, 32.4%, and 14.3%, with a median duration of response of 14.7 months, 4.6 months, and not estimable, respectively. Of importance, 100%, 79.4%, and 78.6% of patients, respectively, achieved disease control. With a median follow-up of 8.6 months, median overall survival was 16.4 months, 11.8 months, and 5.2 months, respectively. Complete renal responses were observed only in cohort A (18.2%), and no patients in cohort C became hemodialysis independent. Grade 3 and 4 hematologic treatment-emergent adverse events and pomalidomide discontinuations as a result of treatment-emergent adverse events occurred more frequently in cohort C. Pomalidomide pharmacokinetics were comparable among the three renal cohorts.

Conclusion

Pomalidomide 4 mg/d plus LoDEX is efficacious in patients with RRMM with moderate or severe RI, including those who had more advanced disease and required hemodialysis. The safety profile was acceptable among the three groups, and no new safety signals were observed.
Mechanical properties of silk of the Australian golden orb weaversNephila pilipesandN. plumipes
Authors: Kerr Genevieve G. , Nahrung Helen F. , Wiegand Aaron , Kristoffersen Joanna , Killen Peter , Brown Cameron , Macdonald Joanne
Published: February 2018

Silks from orb-weaving spiders are exceptionally tough, producing a model polymer for biomimetic fibre development. The mechanical properties of naturally-spun silk threads from two species of Australian orb-weavers, Nephila pilipes and N. plumipes, were examined here in relation to overall thread diameter, the size and number of fibres within threads, and spider size. N. pilipes, the larger of the two species, had significantly tougher silk with higher strain capacity than its smaller congener, producing threads with average toughness of 150 MJ m−3, despite thread diameter, mean fibre diameter and number of fibres per thread not differing significantly between the two species. Within N. pilipes, smaller silk fibres were produced by larger spiders, yielding tougher threads. In contrast, while spider size was correlated with thread diameter in N. plumipes, there were no clear patterns relating to silk toughness, which suggests that the differences in properties between the silk of the two species arise through differing molecular structure. Our results support previous studies that found the mechanical properties of silk differ between distantly related spider species, and extends on that work to show that the mechanical and physical properties of silk from more closely related species can also differ remarkably.
Site-1 protease regulates skeletal stem cell population and osteogenic differentiation in mice
Authors: Patra Debabrata , DeLassus Elizabeth , Mueller Jennifer , Abou-Ezzi Grazia , Sandell Linda J.
Published: February 2018

Site-1 protease is a proprotein convertase with essential functions in the conversion of precursor proteins to their active form. In earlier studies we demonstrated that S1P ablation in the chondrocyte lineage results in a drastic reduction in endochondral bone formation. To investigate the mechanistic contribution of S1P to bone development we ablated S1P in the osterix lineage in mice. S1P ablation in this lineage results in osteochondrodysplasia and variable degrees of early postnatal scoliosis. Embryonically, even though Runx2 and osterix expressions are normal, S1P ablation results in a delay in vascular invasion and endochondral bone development. Mice appear normal when born but by day seven display pronounced dwarfism with fragile bones that exhibit significantly reduced mineral density, mineral apposition rate, bone formation rate and reduced osteoblasts indicating severe osteopenia. Mice suffer from a drastic reduction in bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors as analyzed by colony forming unit-fibroblast assay. FACS analysis of the skeletal mesenchyme harvested from bone marrow and collagenase-digested bone show a drastic reduction in hematopoietic lineage-negative, endothelial-negative, CD105+ skeletal stem cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors are unable to differentiate into osteoblasts in vitro, with no effect on adipogenic differentiation. Postnatal mice have smaller growth plates with reduced hypertrophic zone. Thus, S1P controls bone development directly by regulating the skeletal progenitor population and their differentiation into osteoblasts.
Nanocomposite of Conjugated Polymer/Nano-Flowers Cu(II) Metal-Organic System with 2-Methylpyridinecarboxaldehyde Isonicotinohydrazide as a Novel and Hybrid Electrode Material for Highly Capacitive Pseudocapacitors
Authors: Ehsani Ali , Bigdeloo Mohammad , Ansari Mahboubeh Yousefi , Mirtamizdoust Babak , Heidari Ali Akbar , Hadi Mojtaba , Shiri Hamid Mohammad
Published: February 2018

Herein, Cu2[2-mpinh (2-methylpyridinecarboxaldehyde isonicotinohydrazide)2Cl2(H2O)]n or [Cu2(2-mpinh)2Cl2(H2O)]n was first fabricated through a chemical method, and subsequently, POAP/[Cu2(2-mpinh)2Cl2(H2O)]n hybrid films were prepared using electro-polymerization of POAP, carried out in the presence of the as-prepared [Cu2(2-mpinh)2Cl2(H2O)]n nanoparticles, to apply as the active electrode in an electrochemical supercapacitor application. Not only surface analyses but also electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments along with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, were conducted to characterize the prepared [Cu2(2-mpinh)2Cl2(H2O)]n composite films and examine the performance of the system, respectively. In this study, novel nanocomposite materials are presented for electrochemical redox capacitors possessing the merits of high active surface area and high stability in an aqueous electrolyte, as well as ease of fabrication.
Do Restrictions on Home Equity Extraction Contribute to Lower Mortgage Defaults? Evidence from a Policy Discontinuity at the Texas Border
Authors: Kumar Anil
Published: February 2018

Texas is the only US state that limits home equity borrowing to 80 percent of home value. This paper exploits this policy discontinuity around Texas’ interstate borders and uses a multidimensional regression discontinuity design framework to find that limits on home equity borrowing in Texas lowered the likelihood of mortgage default by about 1.5 percentage points for all mortgages and 4–5 percentage points for non-prime mortgages. Estimated non-prime mortgage default hazards within 25 to 100 miles on either side of the Texas border are about 20 percent smaller when crossing into Texas. (JEL G21, G28, R31)
The Effect of Export Promotion on Firm-Level Performance
Authors: Munch Jakob , Schaur Georg
Published: February 2018

Most countries promote exports. This paper answers two questions: Does export promotion improve firm performance, and do any benefits outweigh costs? We solve self-selection problems by accounting for an extensive set of firm characteristics. In addition, we distinguish firms that self-selected into promotion services from firms the Danish Trade Council approached based on observed information. We find that export promotion increases sales, value added, employment, and value added per worker. For small firms, summing expenditures on export promotion, subsidies, and tax distortions, the gain in value added is roughly three times higher than the direct costs of export promotion. (JEL D22, F13, F14, L25, L53)
Identifying the Harm of Manipulable School-Choice Mechanisms
Authors: Dur Umut , Hammond Robert G. , Morrill Thayer
Published: February 2018

An important but under-explored issue in student assignment procedures is heterogeneity in the level of strategic sophistication among students. Our work provides the first direct measure of which students rank schools following their true preference order (sincere students) and which rank schools by manipulating their true preferences (sophisticated students). We present evidence that our proxy for sophistication captures systematic differences among students. Our results demonstrate that sophisticated students are 9.6 percentage points more likely to be assigned to one of their preferred schools. Further, we show that this large difference in assignment probability occurs because sophisticated students systematically avoid over-demanded schools. (JEL D82, H75, I21, I28)
Detection of vertebral metastases: a comparison between the modified Dixon turbo spin echo T
2 weighted MRI and conventional T
1 weighted MRI: a preliminary study in a tertiary centre
Authors: Hahn Seok , Lee Young Han , Suh Jin-Suck
Published: February 2018

Objective:

To compare the diagnostic performance of modified Dixon (mDixon) turbo spin echo (TSE) T  2 weighted MRI and conventional T  1 weighted MRI in vertebral metastasis detection.

Methods:

Between September 2014 and October 2016, 33 patients with 68 metastases who had undergone whole-spine MRI were enrolled. The following sagittal image sets were evaluated: T  1WI, and mDixon TSE T  2 weighted water and fat images. Two radiologists independently evaluated each image-set for metastasis. The MR findings were compared with positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) scans. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for each sequence. The diagnostic performance of each sequence was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results:

Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for reviewer 1 were 83.8, 99.1, 89.1 and 98.6%, respectively, with T  1WI; 79.4, 98.8, 85.7 and 98.2%, respectively, with mDixon TSE T  2 weighted water imaging; and 86.8, 99.1, 89.4 and 98.8%, respectively, with mDixon TSE T  2 weighted fat imaging. For reviewer 2, the respective scores were 91.2, 99.2, 91.2 and 99.2%; 85.3, 99.5, 93.4 and 98.7%; and 89.7, 99.3, 92.4 and 99.1%. With PET-CT as the gold standard, the ROC curves of the three sequences showed no significant difference (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The diagnostic performance of mDixon TSE T  2 weighted water and fat imaging was comparable to that of conventional T  1WI in the detection of vertebral metastases.

Advances in knowledge:

mDixon TSE T  2WI can be a good alternative to conventional T  1WI for detecting vertebral metastases.
Εγκαταστάσεις υγιεινής στη μεσαιωνική πόλη της Ρόδου
Authors: ΚΑΣΔΑΓΛΗ (Anna-Maria KASDAGLI) Άννα-Μαρία
Published: February 2018

Το άρθρο παρακολουθεί την εξέλιξη της έρευνας στον τομέα της αστικής υγιεινής στη μεσαιωνική πόλη της Ρόδου κατά την Ιπποτοκρατία. Η αποκάλυψη αποχωρητηρίων στις οχυρώσεις της πόλης και σε δημόσια κτήρια στο εσωτερικό της κατά την ανασκαφική διερεύνηση που διενεργήθηκε στο πλαίσιο των μελετώναποκατάστασης συγκεκριμένων μνημείων, οδήγησε στη μελέτη της βιβλιογραφίας που αναλύει πρακτικές σχετικές με την υγιεινή στις πόλεις του Μεσαίωνα, καιστη διαμόρφωση υποθέσεων σχετικά με τη λειτουργία της ιπποτικής Ρόδου στον συγκεκριμένο τομέα.
ВУЗОВСКИЕ ЧЕМПИОНАТЫ ПО СТАНДАРТАМ WORLDSKILLS RUSSIA КАК СРЕДСТВО РАЗВИТИЯ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ БАКАЛАВРА ПО НАПРАВЛЕНИЮ «ТУРИЗМ»
Authors: Kandyba Olga Victorovna , Barashok Irina Victorovna , Kushnareva Irina Yurievna
Published: February 2018

Актуальность включения вузовских чемпионатов профессионального мастерства по стандартам WorldSkills Russia (далее –WSR) определяется проблемной ситуацией, которая сложилась в системе подготовки кадров высшего образования и современными требованиями рынка труда туристской индустрии, предъявляемыми к выпускникам. Вузовские чемпионаты по международным стандартам – это новое направление в движении WSR, которое способно повысить статус профессионального образования. Это первый опыт в России, который, во-первых, требует осмысления, понимания и соответственно принятия вузовским преподавательским сообществом самого движения WSR. Во-вторых, проведенный Чемпионат выявил ряд задач, которые предстоит решить вузовскому сообществу на пути эффективного внедрения международных стандартов в процедуру подготовки бакалавров. В статье представлена матрица профессиональных компетенций, составленная на основе федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования (далее – ФГОС ВО) по направлению подготовки «Туризм» и профессиональных стандартов WSR по компетенции «Туризм». На основе разработанной матрицы компетенций выявлено соотношение между профессиональными компетенциями ФГОС ВО и компетенциями, демонстрируемыми в конкурсных заданиях стандартов WSR «Туризм».Цель исследования: провести сравнительный анализ компетенций ФГОС ВО по направлению подготовки 43.03.02 «Туризм» с компетенциями на основе блоков конкурсного задания чемпионата WSR.Методы исследования: использованы методы включенного наблюдения, экспертной оценки и сравнительного анализа.Результаты: проведен сравнительный анализ компетенций ФГОС ВО по направлению подготовки 43.03.02 «Туризм» с компетенциями, необходимыми для выполнения модулей конкурсного задания чемпионата WSR, даны рекомендации по расширению элементов конкурсных заданий для вузовского чемпионата WSR .Область применения: полученные результаты целесообразно использовать для разработки методического обеспечения по подготовке участников к вузовским чемпионатам по компетенции WSR «Туризм».
ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫЕ СПОРЫ РОССИИ С СОПРЕДЕЛЬНЫМИ СТРАНАМИ. СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ
Authors: Kharybin Aleksander Nikolaevich
Published: February 2018

В статье дается краткий анализ территориальных споров России, автор отмечает, что территориальные споры и конфликты затрагивают практически все участки границы: нет проблем территориального характера только на границе с Беларусью, Южной Осетией и Монголией. Приводятся практические рекомендации для оптимизации внешней политики России, а так же сценарии наиболее вероятного развития ситуации. Методом сравнительного анализа автор отмечает общие черты всех споров на границе России: во всех проблемных точках сохраняется либо статус-кво, либо были сделаны уступки со стороны России, в большинстве случаев спорная территория находится под юрисдикцией России, с большинством государств договор о границе не заключен. В ситуациях, когда договор заключен, это так же во многих случаях не прекращает территориальный спор; в большинстве споров прослеживается активная роль США – как актора дестабилизации ситуации.
Constitutional litigation. Second edition
Authors: Несмеянова Светлана , Nesmeyanova Svetlana
Published: February 2018

In the textbook in accordance with applicable law, through a judicial practice in summary form the main issues of the Russian constitutional judicial control. Describes the problems of its legal regulation, determine the status and function of the body of constitutional justice, as well as the features of the constitutional judicial process. For students, undergraduates, postgraduates and lecturers of law universities and faculties, where he studied constitutional litigation, constitutional justice, constitutional proceedings, constitutional law. The Handbook also will be useful to all those interested in problems of public administration, constitutionalism and human rights.
Issues Identified by Postdischarge Contact after Pediatric Hospitalization: A Multisite Study
Authors: Rehm Kris P. , Brittan Mark S. , Stephens John R. , Mummidi Pradeep , Steiner Michael J. , Gay James C. , Ayubi Soleh Al , Gujral Nitin , Mittal Vandna , Dunn Kelly , Chiang Vincent , Hall Matt , Blaine Kevin , O'Neill Margaret , McBride Sarah , Rogers Jayne , Berry Jay G.
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Many hospitals are considering contacting hospitalized patients soon after discharge to help with issues that arise.

OBJECTIVES

To (1) describe the prevalence of contact‐identified postdischarge issues (PDI) and (2) assess characteristics of children with the highest likelihood of having a PDI.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS

A retrospective analysis of hospital‐initiated follow‐up contact for 12,986 children discharged from January 2012 to July 2015 from 4 US children's hospitals. Contact was made within 14 days of discharge by hospital staff via telephone call, text message, or e‐mail. Standardized questions were asked about issues with medications, appointments, and other PDIs. For each hospital, patient characteristics were compared with the likelihood of PDI by using logistic regression.

RESULTS

Median (interquartile range) age of children at admission was 4.0 years (0‐11); 59.9% were non‐Hispanic white, and 51.0% used Medicaid. The most common reasons for admission were bronchiolitis (6.3%), pneumonia (6.2%), asthma (5.1%), and seizure (4.9%). Twenty‐five percent of hospitalized children (n = 3263) reported a PDI at contact (hospital range: 16.0%‐62.8%). Most (76.3%) PDIs were related to follow‐up appointments (eg, difficulty getting one); 20.8% of PDIs were related to medications (eg, problems filling a prescription). Patient characteristics associated with the likelihood of PDI varied across hospitals. Older age (age 10‐18 years vs <1 year) was significantly (P < .001) associated with an increased likelihood of PDI in 3 of 4 hospitals.

CONCLUSIONS

PDIs were identified often through hospital‐initiated follow‐up contact. Most PDIs were related to appointments. Hospitals caring for children may find this information useful as they strive to optimize their processes for follow‐up contact after discharge.
Centros Comerciales a Cielo Abierto como política de renovación de las centralidades tradicionales en el Conurbano Bonaerense
Authors: Vecslir Lorena , Rodriguez Luciana
Published: February 2018

El presente trabajo propone un análisis comparativo de diversas iniciativas de renovación de las centralidades tradicionales en el Conurbano Bonaerense bajo el modelo de Centros Comerciales a Cielo Abierto. Se parte del origen del concepto y de las primeras experiencias en Estados Unidos y Europa entre los años setenta y ochenta, para luego relacionarlas con la circulación de ideas hacia Latinoamérica una década más tarde y, en especial, con su reinterpretación y aplicación en la región metropolitana de Buenos Aires desde inicios de los 2000. Se estudia el patrón de distribución territorial de estas políticas, el tamaño y tipo de operaciones, el grado de realización, los actores involucrados y la articulación con otras políticas públicas locales. Con base en este análisis, se reflexiona, finalmente, acerca de la imagen urbana, del perfil comercial y de las prácticas sociales promovidas, así como de sus alcances y limitaciones frente a las diferentes formas y procesos de la centralidad metropolitana, y la capacidad de vinculación con otras políticas urbanas de escala territorial.