bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting Learners with Mild Intellectual Developmental Disorders with Career Development in Mainstream Schools
Authors: Dichaba Paballo , Omidire Margaret Funke , Sefotho Maximus M.
Published: October 2024

Many learners with mild intellectual developmental disorders (IDD) in mainstream primary schools in the Free State Province of South Africa require support to maximise their learning potential and prepare them for work post-school. In this study, a qualitative approach and Critical Disability Theory were used to explore the experiences of education stakeholders (teachers, parents, and principals) in how schools support the career development of learners with mild IDD in mainstream schools. There were 25 participants in this study, and data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, and demographic questionnaires. The findings indicated that teachers were optimistic that learners with intellectual developmental disorders could thrive if identified early and provided with specialised support services. The findings also showed that teachers had low self-efficacy regarding their training on inclusive education practices and had limited knowledge about career development services. All the participants were optimistic that learners with mild IDD could participate in the labour market if they were taught work-related skills at an early age. It is recommended that stronger collaborative partnerships should be developed between stakeholders to promote inclusive support interventions, transform teaching approaches, and equip mainstream teachers with the required skills.
Nonlinear Control System for Flat Plate Structures Considering Interference Based on Operator Theory and Optimization Method
Authors: Tsukioka Masayoshi , Jin Guang , Deng Mingcong
Published: October 2024

In recent years, vibration control utilizing smart materials has garnered considerable attention. In this paper, we aim to achieve vibration suppression of a plate structure with a tail-fin shape by employing piezoelectric actuators—one of the smart materials. The plate structure is rigorously modeled based on the Kirchhoff–Love plate theory, while the piezoelectric actuators are formulated in accordance with the Prandtl–Ishlinskii model. This research proposed a control system that addresses the interference effects arising during vibration control by dividing multiple piezoelectric elements into two groups and implementing MIMO control. The efficacy of the proposed control method was validated through simulations and experiments.
Predicting Work-in-Process in Semiconductor Packaging Using Neural Networks: Technical Evaluation and Future Applications
Authors: Wu Chin-Ta , Li Shing-Han , Yen David C.
Published: October 2024

This review paper focuses on the application of neural networks in semiconductor packaging, particularly examining how the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) model predicts the work-in-process (WIP) arrival rates at various stages of semiconductor packaging processes. Our study demonstrates that BPNN models effectively forecast WIP quantities at each processing step, aiding production planners in optimizing machine allocation and thus reducing product manufacturing cycles. This paper further explores the potential applications of neural networks in enhancing production efficiency, forecasting capabilities, and process optimization within the semiconductor industry. We discuss the integration of real-time data from manufacturing systems with neural network models to enable more accurate and dynamic production planning. Looking ahead, this paper outlines prospective advancements in neural network applications for semiconductor packaging, emphasizing their role in addressing the challenges of rapidly changing market demands and technological innovations. This review not only underscores the practical implementations of neural networks but also highlights future directions for leveraging these technologies to maintain competitiveness in the fast-evolving semiconductor industry.
A 60 GHz Power Amplifier with Neutralization Capacitors and Compensation Inductors
Authors: Kim Joon-Hyung , Byeon Chul-Woo
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we present a high power-added efficiency (PAE) and high gain per stage 60 GHz power amplifier (PA). The proposed PA consists of a two-stage common-source amplifier that incorporates neutralization capacitors and compensation inductors to enhance both gain and efficiency. The gain characteristics are analyzed, demonstrating that the proposed design improves both gain and efficiency. Implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology, the PA achieves a saturated output power of 13.4 dBm at 60 GHz, with a maximum PAE of 26.7% from a 1 V supply. The output 1 dB compression point is 10.5 dBm, with a PAE of 16%. The PA occupies a core chip area of 0.094 mm2.
A Strip Steel Surface Defect Salient Object Detection Based on Channel, Spatial and Self-Attention Mechanisms
Authors: Sun Yange , Geng Siyu , Guo Huaping , Zheng Chengyi , Zhang Li
Published: October 2024

Strip steel is extensively utilized in industries such as automotive manufacturing and aerospace due to its superior machinability, economic benefits, and adaptability. However, defects on the surface of steel strips, such as inclusions, patches, and scratches, significantly affect the performance and service life of the product. Therefore, the salient object detection of surface defects on strip steel is crucial to ensure the quality of the final product. Many factors, such as the low contrast of surface defects on strip steel, the diversity of defect types, complex texture structures, and irregular defect distribution, hinder existing detection technologies from accurately identifying and segmenting defect areas against complex backgrounds. To address the above problems, we propose a novel detector called S3D-SOD for the salient object detection of strip steel surface defects. For the encoding stage, a residual self-attention block is proposed to explore semantic information cues of high-level features to locate and guide low-level feature information. In addition, we apply a general residual channel and spatial attention to low-level features, enabling the model to adaptively focus on the key channels and spatial areas of feature maps with high resolutions, thereby enhancing the encoder features and accelerating the convergence of the model. For the decoding stage, a simple residual decoder block with an upsampling operation is proposed to realize the integration and interaction of feature information between different layers. Here, the simple residual decoder block is used for feature integration due to the following observation: backbone networks like ResNet and the Swin Transformer, after being pretrained on the large dataset ImageNet and then fine-tuned on a smaller dataset for strip steel surface defects, are capable of extracting feature maps that contain both general image features and the specific characteristics required for the salient object detection of strip steel surface defects. The experimental results on the SD-saliency-900 dataset show that S3D-SOD is better than advanced methods, and it has strong generalization ability and robustness.
Hybrid Duplex Medium Access Control Protocol for Tsunami Early Warning Systems in Underwater Networks
Authors: Park Sung Hyun , Choi Ye Je , Im Tae Ho
Published: October 2024

Tsunamis are devastating natural phenomena that cause extensive damage to both human life and infrastructure. To mitigate such impacts, tsunami early warning systems have been deployed globally. South Korea has also initiated a project to install a tsunami warning system to monitor its surrounding seas. To ensure reliable warning decisions, various types of data must be combined, but efficiently transmitting heterogeneous data poses a challenge due to the unique characteristics of underwater acoustic communication. Therefore, this paper proposes a Hybrid Duplex Medium Access Control (HDMAC) protocol designed for a tsunami warning system, with a specific focus on heterogeneous data transmission. HDMAC efficiently handles both seismic and environmental data by utilizing hybrid duplexing, which combines frequency duplex for seismic data with time duplex for environmental data. The protocol addresses the distinct transmission requirements for each data type by optimizing channel utilization through a group Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) scheme and packet size adjustment. Theoretical analysis predicts that HDMAC can achieve a channel utilization of up to 0.91 in smaller networks and 0.64 in larger networks. HDMAC is validated through simulations, and the simulation results closely match these predictions. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of HDMAC in supporting real-time submarine earthquake monitoring systems.
Optimization Principles Applied in Planning and Operation of Active Distribution Networks
Authors: Prenc Rene
Published: October 2024

Optimization principles play an important role in the planning and operation of active distribution networks (ADNs), which are designed to handle the inrush of distributed generation (DG) resources like renewables and, nowadays, battery energy storage systems (BESSs) and electric vehicles (EVs) [...]
Eco-Friendly Detergent Based on Exhausted Edible Vegetable Oils: Impact on Marine and Freshwater Environments, a Case Study Focusing on SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Schlappa Karin , Bentivoglio Tecla , Provenza Francesca , Anselmi Serena , Piccardo Manuela , Renzi Monia
Published: October 2024

On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern due to the rapid spread among humans, on a global scale, of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. Although international authorities have recommended the use of common detergents known to be effective against coronaviruses, one of the practices implemented to control the expansion of the virus has been the massive use of disinfectants on indoor and outdoor surfaces, a modality that has raised concern in the scientific community because of its impact on the aquatic environment. Considering possible future scenarios related to ongoing global change, in which further public health emergencies may become more frequent, and given the need to contribute to the identification of eco-friendly alternatives or strategies to mitigate the environmental and human health impacts of the massive use of disinfectants, the aim of this study was to quantify the effects of a liquid surface detergent based on exhausted edible oils of vegetable origin (eco-product). This was done by exposing organisms representing the main trophic levels of the marine and freshwater environment to the eco-detergent before and after a five-day biodegradation process, together with studies on biological oxygen demand and microbiology. The results indicated that the eco-product has potential antimicrobial activity and can be considered as a suitable alternative, although the use of a standardized agent for the production phase of the eco-product in liquid form is recommended to further reduce the impact on the aquatic environment. However, massive and indiscriminate use is a behavior to be discouraged, and limited and restricted use to appropriate areas and contexts is recommended.
Topicalities in the Research and Application of Bamboo and Wood
Authors: Wang Xuehua
Published: October 2024

Wood and bamboo are significant biomass materials with a broad historical and practical value in human civilization [...]
Impact of Forest Landscape Patterns on Ecological Quality in Coastal Cities of Fujian, China, from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Wu Ziyi , Zhang Shenye , Liu Miaomiao , Wu Zhilong , Hu Xisheng , Lin Sen
Published: October 2024

The Fujian coastal zone, a key region in China’s coastal belt, has experienced significant landscape and ecological changes due to intense human activities. Understanding the relationship between landscape patterns and ecological quality is critical for sustainable development and ecological protection. Taking the coastal cities, including Fuzhou, Xiamen, and Ningde in Fujian Province of China, as a case, the spatio–temporal changes in landscape patterns and the remote sensing-based ecological index (RSEI) during 2000 and 2020 were explored by the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, and then their spatial relationships were identified through Pearson correlation analysis and bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis. The findings reveal that (1) forest land was the dominant landscape in Fuzhou and Ningde, while cropland prevailed in Xiamen. Significant changes occurred in the land use landscape patterns of the three cities, mainly due to a substantial increase in the built-up land and varying degrees of reduction in arable and forest land. At the landscape level, both Fuzhou and Xiamen exhibited increased landscape fragmentation, while Ningde showed a trend of landscape aggregation; at the class level, forest land in Fuzhou and Xiamen exhibited increased fragmentation, whereas in Ningde, it showed an aggregation trend. (2) Between 2000 and 2020, the ecological–environmental quality of Fuzhou and Ningde continuously improved, while the improvement in Xiamen was less significant. Poor and fair ecological environments in the three cities were mainly concentrated in city centers and coastal zones, and areas of ecological quality degradation were primarily concentrated in coastal zones. (3) Correlation analysis indicates that, whether at the landscape level or the class level, the ecological quality of the three cities is significantly negatively correlated with the fragmentation index and significantly positively correlated with the aggregation index. Moreover, the positive correlation between ecological quality and the forest landscape aggregation index, as well as the negative correlation with the forest landscape fragmentation index, are both significantly stronger than those at the landscape level. As urbanization progresses, forest landscape fragmentation intensifies, especially in city centers and coastal areas, having a significant negative impact on ecological quality. These results highlight the importance of landscape pattern management in maintaining ecological quality. This paper provides insights for coastal cities on balancing urban development with ecological preservation in the context of rapid urbanization.
Modeling of Island Fire Station Siting Under Ship–Shore Synergy Conditions
Authors: Li Shengnan , Guo Jingjing , Liu Boyun , Lu Xiaohan , Zhao Bo
Published: October 2024

As strategies to build a strong maritime nation are widely implemented, the importance of island ports has been increasingly highlighted, and their fire safety issues are also receiving more attention. However, at present, research on the construction of fire protection systems has mostly been focused on the interior of cities, and less research has been carried out on the linear firefighting needs of island ports. In particular, island ports are characterized by firefighting characteristics such as inconsistent mission objectives and coordinated ship-to-shore rescues, when compared to cities. In this study, a model for the siting of harbor fire stations on a cluster of distant, isolated islands is proposed, considering the costs associated with building, maintaining, and rescuing fire stations on the basis of coverage. At the same time, the loss costs associated with the response time are considered to construct an arc segment demand siting model under ship–shore synergy conditions with the objective of minimizing the total cost. The Sea Island Group is taken as an example for the analysis of the constructed site selection model. The firefighting needs and ship–shore cooperative firefighting and rescue scenarios for eight islands in the island group are the main considerations, and the model is solved using a genetic algorithm. It is concluded that the establishment of five island harbor fire stations in the Sea Island Group can balance the cost of rescue with the cost of construction. Thus, the benefits of island fire stations can be improved, satisfying coverage rates while minimizing the associated costs.
Simulating Daily Large Fire Spread Events in the Northern Front Range, Colorado, USA
Authors: Thompson Matthew P. , Nguyen Dung , Moran Christopher J. , Scott Joe , Wei Yu , Young Bryce
Published: October 2024

Extreme spread events (ESEs), often characterized by high intensity and rapid rates of spread, can overwhelm fire suppression and emergency response capacity, threaten responder and public safety, damage landscapes and communities, and result in high socioeconomic costs and losses. Advances in remote sensing and geospatial analysis provide an improved understanding of observed ESEs and their contributing factors; however, there is a need to improve anticipatory and predictive capabilities to better prepare, mitigate, and respond. Here, leveraging individual-fire day-of-arrival raster outputs from the FSim fire modeling system, we prototype and evaluate methods for the simulation and categorization of ESEs. We describe the analysis of simulation outputs on a case study landscape in Colorado, USA, summarize daily spread event characteristics, threshold and probabilistically benchmark ESEs, spatially depict ESE potential, and describe limitations, extensions, and potential applications of this work. Simulation results generally showed strong alignment with historical patterns of daily growth and the proportion of cumulative area burned in the western US and identified hotspots of high ESE potential. Continued analysis and simulation of ESEs will likely expand the horizon of uses and grow in salience as ESEs become more common.
A Study on the Influence of Mobile Fans on the Smoke Spreading Characteristics of Tunnel Fires
Authors: Chen Weigeng , Liu Yuhang , Cao Zhiyuan , Zhou Ping , Chen Changman , Wu Zhonglun , Fang Ze , Yang Lei , Liu Xiaoping
Published: October 2024

Mobile fans, as flexible and convenient new longitudinal ventilation and smoke extraction equipment for tunnels, demonstrate more significant effectiveness in an emergency response to tunnel fires compared to traditional smoke extraction methods. This study employs computational fluid dynamics simulation methods, selecting two fire scenarios to investigate the effects of fan inclined angles and fan airflow volumes on the longitudinal temperature distribution and smoke back-layering length in tunnels. The results indicate that when using mobile fans for longitudinal ventilation in tunnels, at a lower fan airflow volume, the temperature distribution along the longitudinal axis is nearly symmetrical. The fire source and the fan installed in the upstream are within a certain range, and it is more effective to use the horizontal angle for longitudinal ventilation. As the fan airflow volume increases, the back-layering length significantly decreases (210,000 m3/h < V < 270,000 m3/h). However, as the fan flow volume continues to increase (270,000 m3/h < V < 300,000 m3/h), the reduction in the back-layering length becomes less pronounced, the smoke spread distance of the latter is only 11% of that of the former. Therefore, selecting appropriate fan airflow volumes and fan inclined angles them can effectively enhance the performance of tunnel smoke extraction systems. Moreover, by comparing with traditional fans, we find that mobile fans provide an alternative effective strategy during firefighting by allowing adjustments in distance from the fire source and fan inclination angles, enhancing fire suppression effectiveness while reducing energy losses. The research findings can serve as a reference for tunnel fire prevention design.
Transient Post-Fire Growth Recovery of Two Mediterranean Broadleaf Tree Species
Authors: Camarero J. Julio , Valeriano Cristina , Ortega Miguel
Published: October 2024

Fires affect forest dynamics in seasonally dry regions such as the Mediterranean Basin. There, fire impacts on tree growth have been widely characterized in conifers, particularly pine species, but we lack information on broadleaf tree species that sprout after fires. We investigated post-fire radial growth responses in two coexisting Mediterranean hardwood species (the evergreen Quercus ilex, the deciduous Celtis australis) using tree-ring width data. We compared growth data from burnt and unburnt stands of each species subjected to similar climatic, soil and management conditions. We also calculated climate–growth relationships to assess if burnt stands were also negatively impacted by water shortage, which could hinder growth recovery. Tree-ring data of both species allowed us to quantify post-fire growth enhancements of +39.5% and +48.9% in Q. ilex and C. australis, respectively, one year after the fire. Dry spring climate conditions reduced growth, regardless of the fire impact, but high precipitation in the previous winter enhanced growth. High June radiation was negatively related to the growth of unburnt Q. ilex and burnt C. australis stands, respectively. Post-fire growth enhancement lasted for five years after the fire and it was a transitory effect because the growth rates of burnt and unburnt stands were similar afterwards.
Native or Overlooked Translocation? Comment on Antognazza et al. Current and Historical Genetic Variability of Native Brown Trout Populations in a Southern Alpine Ecosystem: Implications for Future Management. Fishes 2023, 8, 411
Authors: Righi Tommaso , Splendiani Andrea , Caputo Barucchi Vincenzo , Gandolfi Andrea
Published: October 2024

The recent revision of Italian legislation on nature conservation has highlighted the pressing necessity of elucidating the native distribution range of managed species. A recent study by Antognazza et al. (Current and Historical Genetic Variability of Native Brown Trout Populations in a Southern Alpine Ecosystem: Implications for Future Management. Fishes 2023, 8, 411) provides insights into the native status of brown trout in the Lombardy Prealps, northern Italy, and advocates urgent conservation measures. However, the possible effect of historical and recent anthropogenic impacts was dismissed in the paper. Here, we present how human-mediated activities plausibly might contribute to the observed distribution of population genetic variation, considering both the available literature and ongoing “Mediterranean trout” stocking activities in the region. Implementing management strategies without clear scientific evidence poses significant risks to native biodiversity conservation.
Growth, Feed Efficiency, and Health Status of Tilapia sp. Fed with New Technology Promoter Binder Fortified Diet
Authors: Yuniarti Ating , Mahariawan I Made D. , Kusuma Wahyu E. , Hidayat Bagus R. , Hariati Anik M.
Published: October 2024

Developing a sustainable feed with minimal or no fishmeal in tilapia production is a challenge to this industry. New Technology Promoter Binder (NTPB), a guanidinoacetic acid, is a nutritional supplement to enhance the energy metabolism of the muscle and brain tissue of vertebrates. This study aimed to evaluate several plant-based diet formulations with zero and minimal use of fishmeal enriched with NTPB on the growth, feed efficiency, and health status of Tilapia sp. The experimental diets in this study were conducted based on four formulations (minimum fishmeal/FM and zero fishmeal/NFM-based diets) with 0, 0.6, and 1.2 g·kg−1 feed of NTPB supplementation. The research indicated that the various diets given to tilapia affected the growth performance of fish in terms of growth parameters and feed efficiency. Tilapias fed with NTPB grew better than those without NTPB in both FM- and NFM-based diets. The addition of NTPB was safe for tilapia as demonstrated in the blood glucose, urea, and creatinine levels, which were normal for healthy fish. The viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes of tilapia fed with the experimental diets showed no distinct differences. Adding NTPB to tilapia diets increased the hardness and amino acid contents of the tilapia’s muscle, which would benefit consumers.
Integrative Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Provides Novel Insights into the Effects of SO2 on the Postharvest Quality of ‘Munage’ Table Grapes
Authors: Mou Zhenliang , Yuan Yuyao , Wei Wei , Zhao Yating , Wu Bin , Chen Jianye
Published: October 2024

Postharvest grapes exhibit a limited shelf life due to susceptibility to rot and deterioration, significantly reducing their nutritional and economic value. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a widely recognized preservative for extending grape storage life. This study performed a detailed analysis of ‘Munage’ table grapes treated with SO2 fumigation, employing transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. Results indicate that SO2 fumigation significantly extends the shelf life of grapes, as demonstrated by improved visual quality, reduced decay rates, and increased fruit firmness. We identified 309 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and 1906 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 135 transcription factors (TFs). Both DEGs and DAMs showed significant enrichment of flavonoid-related metabolism compared with the control, and the relative content of four flavonoid metabolites (Wogonin-7-O-glucuronide, Acacetin-7-O-glucuronide, Apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, and Baicalein 7-O-glucuronide) were significantly increased in grapes upon SO2 treatment, suggesting that SO2 treatment had a substantial regulatory effect on grape flavonoid metabolism. Importantly, we constructed complex regulatory networks by screening key enzyme genes (e.g., PAL, 4CLs, CHS, CHI2, and UGT88F3) related to the metabolism of target flavonoid, as well as potential regulatory transcription factors (TFs). Overall, our findings offer new insights into the regulatory mechanisms by which SO2 maintains the postharvest quality of table grapes.
Effect of Mixed Strains on Microbial Community and Flavor Metabolites in Fermentation Process of Chi-Flavor Baijiu
Authors: Fan Puxi , Liang Xuyu , Fei Yongtao , Zhao Wenhong , Liang Jinglong , Bai Weidong , He Songgui
Published: October 2024

The distinct flavor of chi-flavor baijiu (CFB) has garnered significant attention in China. After the optimization of fermentation conditions, Pichia anomala and Lactobacillus plantarum were introduced into the fermentation process to enhance the flavor. Samples inoculated with these mixed strains (SY) exhibited higher levels of alcohol (from 33.04 to 178.55 mg/L) and esters (from 49.51 to 130.20 mg/L) compared to the control group (KB). In SY, P. anomala and L. plantarum were the predominant microorganisms, while Pediococcus and Saccharomyces were more prevalent in KB. Moreover, 68 volatile flavor compounds were detected in SY, as opposed to 64 in KB. Notably, Pichia showed a positive correlation with key flavor compounds. The synergistic fermentation with exogenous strains led to a 52.38% increase in phenethyl alcohol and a 4.91% increase in ethyl lactate. Additionally, the levels of other flavor compounds, like ethyl acetate, γ-nonanolactone, and (E)-2-octenal, also increased. The results demonstrated that the addition of P. anomala and L. plantarum to the fermentation process of CFB significantly increased the contents of flavor compounds. This research reveals valuable insights into flavor enhancement and the microbial community dynamics in CFB production.
Comparing the Effects of Duo-Functional Triple-Layer Films Enriched with Different Sources of Curcumin on the Shelf-Life of Fish
Authors: Tkaczewska Joanna , Kulawik Piotr , Nowak Nikola , Grzebieniarz Wiktoria , Krzyściak Paweł , Tadele Wondyfraw , Tadesse Eskindir Endalew , Szram Rafał , Guzik Paulina , Jamróz Ewelina
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of two types of active triple-layer films containing curcumin on the shelf-life of salmon fillets. One film (Film A) contained pure curcumin dissolved in lemongrass essential oil, while the other (Film B) incorporated curcumin from Curcuma longa extract dissolved in citral. The impact of these active films on the preservation of salmon fillets quality and safety was studied by analyzing factors such as color parameters, sensory evaluation, lipid oxidation, and biogenic amines. Despite good active properties measured in vitro, both films harmed the sensory quality and color of salmon. However, the incorporation of active ingredients in biopolymer films has shown the potential to inhibit biogenic amine formation. The findings pave the way for future research to explore the synergistic effects of combining various natural extracts with active packaging films.
Simultaneous Analysis of 504 Pesticide Multiresidues in Crops Using UHPLC-QTOF at MS1 and MS2 Levels
Authors: Jeong Mun-Ju , Kim Su-Min , Lee Ye-Jin , Lee Yoon-Hee , Eun Hye-Ran , Eom Miok , Jang Gui-Hyun , Lee JuHee , Jo Hyeong-Wook , Moon Joon-Kwan , Shin Yongho
Published: October 2024

A robust analytical method was developed for the simultaneous detection of 504 pesticide multiresidues in various crops using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF). The method integrates both MS1 and MS2 levels through sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH) analysis, allowing for accurate mass measurements and the construction of a spectral library to enhance pesticide residue identification. An evaluation of the method was carried out according to international standards, including the FAO guidelines and SANTE/11312/2021. Validation across five representative crops—potato, cabbage, mandarin, brown rice, and soybean—demonstrated exceptional sensitivity, with over 80% of the analytes detected at trace levels (≤2.5 μg/kg). Moreover, an impressive 96.8% to 98.8% of the compounds demonstrated LOQs of ≤10 μg/kg. Most compounds exhibited excellent linearity (r2 ≥ 0.980) and satisfactory recovery rates at spiking levels of 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg. Among 42 crop samples analyzed, pesticides were detected in 1 cabbage, 3 mandarin, and 6 rice samples, with a mass accuracy within ±5 ppm and a Fit score ≥ 70.8, confirming the method’s practical applicability and reliability. The detected residues ranged from 12.3 to 339.3 μg/kg, all below the established maximum residue limits (MRLs). This comprehensive approach offers an efficient, reliable, and scalable solution for pesticide multiresidue monitoring, supporting food safety programs and regulatory compliance.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Gossypium hirsutum Mutant (xin w 139) and Wild-Type (Xin W 139) Plants During Seed Embryo Development
Authors: Zhao Jieyin , Li Chunping , Yang Yanlong , Ma Jun , Lai Chengxia , Maimaiti Paerhati , Tian Liwen
Published: October 2024

Background: Cotton seeds are the main byproduct of cotton crops. The phenomenon of plants failing to develop mature and full seeds is called seed embryo abortion, which leads to a decrease in seed yield and potentially causes economic losses. Methods: We report a phenotypic evaluation of seed embryos from G. hirsutum mutant (xin w 139) and wild-type (Xin W 139) lines and a comparative RNA-seq study at four developmental stages. Results: The field results from two years showed that the sterility rate and malformation rate of xin w 139 were significantly lower than those of Xin W 139, and the RNA-seq data revealed that the differences in the development of the seed embryos of the two lines mainly occurred after 20 days post anthesis (DPA). Differential analysis revealed a total of 29,151 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 2696 transcription factors (TFs), between the two lines, in which the fatty acid and glucose metabolism-related pathways were significantly enriched. These DEGs were divided into 8 clusters, with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of each cluster being annotated. Furthermore, a gene regulatory network was built using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), revealing 9 key genes that play crucial roles in shaping the developmental disparities of seed embryos between the two lines, among which 3 are TFs. Conclusions: These findings offer a foundational framework for comprehending the molecular mechanisms underlying cottonseed embryo development, as well as presenting novel genetic reservoirs for further investigations into cottonseed embryo development.
Changes in Gene Expression Profile with Age in SAMP8: Identifying Transcripts Involved in Cognitive Decline and Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Griñán-Ferré Christian , Servin-Muñoz Iris Valeria , Palomera-Ávalos Verónica , Martínez-Fernández Carmen , Companys-Alemany Júlia , Muñoz-Villanova Amalia , Ortuño-Sahagún Daniel , Pallàs Mercè , Bellver-Sanchis Aina
Published: October 2024

Background: The senescence-accelerated mouse 8 (SAMP8) represents a model for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research because it exhibits age-related learning and memory impairments consistent with early onset and rapid progression of senescence. To identify transcriptional changes during AD progression, in this study, we analyzed and compared the gene expression profiles involved in molecular pathways of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in senescence-accelerated resistant 1 (SAMR1) and SAMP8 mice. Methods: In total, 48 female SAMR1 and SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into six groups (SAMR1 and SAMP8 at 3, 7, and 9 months of age). Microarray analysis of 22,000 genes was performed, followed by functional analysis using Gene Ontology (NCBI) and examination of altered molecular pathways using the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes). Results: SAMP8 mice had 2516 dysregulated transcripts at 3 months, 2549 transcripts at 7 months, and 2453 genes at 9 months compared to SAMR1 mice of the same age. These accounted for 11.3% of the total number. This showed that with age, the gene expression of downregulated transcripts increases, and that of over-expressed transcripts decreases. Most of these genes were involved in neurodegenerative metabolic pathways associated with Alzheimer’s disease: apoptosis, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and mitochondria. The qPCR results indicated that Ndufs4, TST/Rhodanese, Wnt3, and Sema6a expression was differentially expressed during aging. Conclusions: These results further revealed significant differences in gene expression profiles at different ages between SAMR1 and SAMP8 and showed alteration in genes involved in age-related cognitive decline and mitochondrial processes, demonstrating the relevance of the SAMP8 model as a model for sporadic AD.
Metabolic Transcriptional Activation in Ulcerative Colitis Identified Through scRNA-seq Analysis
Authors: Desterke Christophe , Fu Yuanji , Francés Raquel , Mata-Garrido Jorge
Published: October 2024

Background: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the colon. During chronic inflammation of epithelial cells, lipid metabolism via pro-inflammatory eicosanoids is known to modify the immune response. Methods: Starting from the Mammalian Metabolic Database, the expression of metabolic enzymes was investigated in two independent cohorts from transcriptome datasets GSE38713 and GSE11223, which analyzed ulcerative colitis tissue samples from the digestive tract. Results: In the first cohort, 145 differentially expressed enzymes were identified as significantly regulated between ulcerative colitis tissues and normal controls. Overexpressed enzymes were selected to tune an Elastic Net model in the second cohort. Using the best parameters, the model achieved a prediction accuracy for ulcerative colitis with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79. Twenty-two metabolic enzymes were found to be commonly overexpressed in both independent cohorts, with decreasing Elastic Net predictive coefficients as follows: LIPG (3.98), PSAT1 (3.69), PGM3 (2.74), CD38 (2.28), BLVRA (1.99), CBR3 (1.94), NT5DC2 (1.76), PHGDH (1.71), GPX7 (1.58), CASP1 (1.56), ASRGL1 (1.4), SOD3 (1.25), CHST2 (0.965), CHST11 (0.95), KYNU (0.94), PLAG2G7 (0.92), SRM (0.87), PTGS2 (0.80), LPIN1 (0.47), ME1 (0.31), PTGDS (0.14), and ADA (0.13). Functional enrichment analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database highlighted the main implications of these enzymes in cysteine and methionine metabolism (adjusted p-value = 0.01), arachidonic acid and prostaglandin metabolism (adjusted p-value = 0.01), and carbon metabolism (adjusted p-value = 0.04). A metabolic score based on the transcriptional activation of the validated twenty-two enzymes was found to be significantly greater in Ulcerative colitis samples compared to healthy donor samples (p-value = 1.52 × 10−8). Conclusions: A metabolic expression score was established and reflects the implications of heterogeneous metabolic pathway deregulations in the digestive tract of patients with ulcerative colitis.
Mining Candidate Genes for Maize Tassel Spindle Length Based on a Genome-Wide Association Analysis
Authors: Cao Xudong , Lu Han , Zhao Zhiwen , Lian Yujie , Chen Hui , Yu Mengfan , Wang Fan , Sun Huayue , Ding Dong , Zhang Xuehai , Chen Xiaoyang , Tang Jihua
Published: October 2024

Maize tassel spindle length is closely related to the number of pollen grains and the duration of the flowering stage, ultimately affecting maize yield and adaptations to stress conditions. In this study, 182 maize inbred lines were included in an association population. A genome-wide association study was conducted on maize tassel spindle length using the Q + K model. With p ≤ 1.0 × 10−4 applied as the significance threshold, 240 SNPs significantly associated with tassel spindle length were detected, which were associated with 99 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), with 21 QTLs detected in two or more environments. Moreover, 51 candidate genes were detected in 21 co-localized QTLs. A KEGG enrichment analysis and candidate gene expression analysis indicated that Zm00001d042312 affects plant hormone signal transduction and is highly expressed in maize tassels. A haplotype analysis of Zm00001d042312 revealed three main haplotypes, with significant differences between Hap1 and Hap2. In conclusion, we propose that Zm00001d042312 is a gene that regulates maize tassel spindle length. This study has further elucidated the genetic basis of maize tassel spindle length, while also providing excellent genetic targets and germplasm resources for the genetic improvement of maize tassel spindle length and yield.
Accuracy of Genomic Predictions Cross Populations with Different Linkage Disequilibrium Patterns
Authors: Jin Lei , Xu Lei , Jin Hai , Zhao Shuanping , Jia Yutang , Li Junya , Hua Jinling
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: There is a considerable global population of beef cattle, with numerous small-scale groups. Establishing separate reference groups for each breed in breeding practices is challenging, severely limiting the genome selection (GS) application. Combining data from multiple populations becomes particularly attractive and practical for small-scale populations, offering increased reference population size, operational ease, and data sharing. Methods: To evaluate potential for Chinese indigenous cattle, we evaluated the influence of combining multiple populations on genomic prediction reliability for 10 breeds using simulated data. Results: Within-breed evaluations consistently yielded the highest accuracies across various simulated genetic architectures. Genomic selection accuracy was lower in Group B populations referencing a Group A population (n = 400), but significantly higher in Group A populations with the addition of a small Group B (n = 200). However, accuracy remained low when using the Group A reference group (n = 400) to predict Group B. Incorporating a few Group B individuals (n = 200) into the reference group resulted in relatively high accuracy (~60% of Group A predictions). Accuracy increased with the growing number of individuals from Group B joining the reference group. Conclusions: Our results suggested that multi-breed genomic selection was feasible for Chinese indigenous cattle populations with genetic relationships. This study’s results also offer valuable insights into genome selection of multipopulations.
Geological and Geomorphological Characterization of the Anthropogenic Landslide of Pie de la Cuesta in the Vitor Valley, Arequipa, Peru
Authors: Infa Rosmery , Chavez Antenor , Soto Jorge , Huanca Joseph , Roberti Gioachino , Ward Brent , Aguilar Rigoberto , Teixidó Teresa
Published: October 2024

This study presents the geological and geomorphological characterization of the Pie de la Cuesta landslide, a large (>60 ha) slow-moving (up 4.5 m/month) landslide in Southern Peru. The landslide has been active since 1975 and underwent a significant re-activation in 2016; the mass movement has caused the loss of property and agricultural land and it is currently moving, causing further damage to property and land. We use a combination of historical aerial photographs, satellite images and field work to characterize the landslide’s geology and geomorphology. The landslide is affecting the slope of the Vitor Valley, constituted by a coarsening upward sedimentary sequence transitioning from layers of mudstone and gypsum at the base, to sandstone and conglomerate at the top with a significant ignimbrite layer interbedded within conglomerates near the top of the sequence. The landslide is triggered by an irrigation system that provides up to 10 L/s of water infiltrating the landslide mass. This water forms two groundwater levels at lithological transitions between conglomerates and mudstones, defining the main failure planes. The landslide is characterized by three main structural domains defined by extension, translation and compression deformation regimes. The extensional zone, near the top of the slope, is defined by a main horst–graben structure that transitions into the translation zone defined by toppling and disaggregating blocks that eventually become earth flows that characterize the compressional zone at the front of the landslides, defined by thrusting structures covering the agricultural land at the valley floor. The deformation rates range from 8 cm/month at the top of the slope to 4.5 m/month within the earth flows. As of May 2023, 22.7 ha of potential agricultural land has been buried.
Quarantine Experience-Based Differences in Factors Associated with Depression Among Koreans During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jeong Younghee , Park Moonkyoung
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The strict preventive measures implemented globally during the COVID-19 pandemic affected mental health, with most countries reporting a rise in depression and suicide. This study examined factors affecting depression among Korean adults based on quarantine experiences during 2020 and identified key areas for mental health support. Methods: Data were obtained from South Korea’s 2020 Community Health Survey. Responses from 219,228 adults (1893 with quarantine experience and 217,335 without) to questions about quarantine experience, depression (Korean version of PHQ-9 score ≥ 10 or a response of ‘several days’ or more on item 9), and individual/environmental factors were analyzed. Complex sampling analysis, including descriptive statistics and logistic regression, was conducted using SPSS 29.0. Results: This study found that 158 (weighted 7.5%) of those with quarantine experience, and 12,833 (weighted 5.8%) without quarantine experience, reported depression. Regardless of quarantine, being female, having a low income, a history of depression, and increased stress were associated with a higher depression rate, while good subjective health was linked to lower depression rates. Smoking, living-alone, and a lack of sleep among non-quarantined individuals were linked to increased depression risk, while adequate physical activity was linked to reduced risk. Interestingly, alcohol consumption and being overweight (BMI 23–<25) were associated with lower depression rates. Environmental factors, like unmet medical needs and reduced daily activity, were linked to increased depression. Strong social support and social distancing adherence were associated with reduced depression. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions considering quarantine experiences to reduce depression during pandemics.
Attitudinal Beliefs About Suicidal Behavior and Attitudes Towards Suicide Attempts in Colombian Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Bahamón Marly Johana , Javela José Julián , Ortega Bechara Andrea , Cabezas-Corcione Andrés , Cudris-Torres Lorena
Published: October 2024

Background: Suicide remains a major global public health concern, ranking among the leading causes of death worldwide. Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in preventing suicide, yet their attitudes and beliefs about suicidal behavior can significantly impact the quality of care provided to individuals at risk. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the attitudinal beliefs of Colombian healthcare professionals regarding suicidal behavior and their attitudes toward suicide attempts. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 354 healthcare professionals, including interns, from fields such as medicine, nursing, and nursing assistance. Participants completed the Attitudinal Beliefs Questionnaire about Suicidal Behavior (CCCS-18) and the Attitudes Towards Suicide Attempt Scale (ASETSA). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to examine the relationship between professional experience and attitudes toward suicidal behavior. Results: The findings revealed that many participants exhibit attitudes that legitimize suicide in cases of extreme suffering, such as in terminal illness. However, there were significant gaps in comprehensive approaches to suicide prevention, with varying levels of commitment to individual and institutional support. Clinical experience was identified as a key factor in shaping these attitudes, with more experienced professionals showing a nuanced understanding of suicide triggers and prevention. Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of ongoing training programs that not only improve technical knowledge but also address misconceptions and stigmas related to suicide. These findings have direct implications for developing targeted interventions and educational programs within the Colombian healthcare context to ensure more compassionate and effective care for individuals at risk of suicide.
Machine Learning Analysis of Factors Influencing Pediatric Telehealth Visits During COVID-19: A State-Level Comparison Using 2021–22 National Survey of Children’s Health Data
Authors: Lee Yu-Sheng , Shrestha Junu , Sprong Matthew Evan , Huang Xueli , Tuladhar Sushil , Chuang Michael Y.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic reduced in-person pediatric visits in the United States by over 50%, while telehealth visits increased significantly. The national use of telehealth for children and the factors influencing their use have been rarely studied. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of telehealth use during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore the potential factors linked to its use at the state level. Methods: A cross-sectional study of the National Survey of Children’s Health (2021–22) sponsored by the federal Maternal and Child Health Bureau was performed. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to predict telehealth use during the pandemic. A bar map showing the significant factors from the multivariable regression was created. Results: Of the 101,136 children, 15.25% reported using telehealth visits due to COVID-19, and 3.67% reported using telehealth visits due to other health reasons. The Northeast states showed the highest telehealth use due to COVID-19. In the Midwest and Southern states, children had a lower prevalence of telehealth visits due to other health reasons. The LASSO regressions demonstrated that telehealth visits were associated with age, insurance type, household income, usual source of pediatric preventive care, perceived child health, blood disorders, allergy, brain injury, seizure, ADHD, anxiety, depression, and special needs. Conclusions: This study demonstrated significant variability in the use of telehealth among states during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding who uses telehealth and why, as well as identifying access barriers, helps maximize telehealth potential and improve healthcare outcomes for all.