bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application performance of bio-based plasticizer for PVC automotive interior material
Authors: Guo Jiaqi , Zhu Hui , Ma Yao , Du Lijie , Gao Jing
Published: May 2023

The study aims to search for green, non-toxic bio-based plasticizers to replace traditional o-benzene petroleum-based plasticizers used in polyvinyl chloride films for automotive interior decoration. Three bio-based plasticizers – epoxy, polyester, and citrate were chosen and characterized based on refractive index, viscosity, and plasticizing efficiency. The three types of bio-based plasticizers were then applied to PVC films for automotive interiors. The odor rating, emission properties test, tensile test, dynamic thermomechanical test, low-temperature fatigue resistance test, and heat performance test were used to characterize the polyvinyl chloride film’s application properties. The results showed that the properties of epoxy plasticizer and polyester plasticizer are very close to those of traditional o-benzene petroleum-based plasticizers. In particular, polyvinyl chloride films prepared from polyester plasticizers have advantages in mechanical properties. The strength, elongation, and elasticity characteristics of PVC films plasticized with polyester bio-based plasticizer are 8.77 MPa, 533.92%, and 129.74 Nm, respectively. While the PVC films plasticized with epoxy bio-based plasticizer has an excellent heat resistance and aging resistance, with an initial gel temperature of 185.668 °C. However, the polyvinyl chloride film prepared with citrate plasticizer does not meet the requirements for application in automotive interiors due to its poor emission performance.
Design and Development of Ti3C2Tx MXenes as Cathode Materials for Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Bilal , Ahmed Butt Faaz , Naqvi Asad A. , Asad Samra , Awan Zahoor ul Hussain , Shahid Zain , Khan Tayyab Azad
Published: May 2023

The highly conductive property of Titanium Carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx) MXenes has made them an area of research in the electrochemical field. However, their properties are subjected to their correct synthesis. Various synthesis methods have been reported; however, those methods employ high energy consumption. To reduce the cost, researchers have tried to synthesize using inexpensive precursors; however, fewer have resorted to the use of an alternative technique. This study employed the use of the tungsten inert gas welding process to synthesize the Ti3AlC2 MAX phase, which was later etched using the in situ hydrogen fluoride acid technique. Alternatively, another MAX phase was prepared using an atmosphere furnace under the purging of argon gas. However, impurities were detected in the MAX phase and later detected in titanium powder.
Lived Refuge: Gratitude, Resentment, Resilience
Authors: Nguyen Vinh
Published: May 2023

In a world increasingly shaped by displacement and migration, refuge is both a coveted right and an elusive promise for millions. While conventionally understood as legal protection, it also transcends judicial definitions. In Lived Refuge, Vinh Nguyen reconceptualizes refuge as an ongoing affective experience and lived relation rather than a fixed category with legitimacy derived from the state. Focusing on Southeast Asian diasporas in the wake of the Vietnam War, Nguyen examines three affective experiences—gratitude, resentment, and resilience—to reveal the actively lived dimensions of refuge. Through multifaceted analyses of literary and cultural productions, Nguyen argues that the meaning of refuge emerges from how displaced people negotiate the kinds of safety and protection that are offered to (and withheld from) them. In so doing, he lays the framework for an original and compelling understanding of contemporary refugee subjectivity.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER KEDISIPLINAN DAN KEJUJURAN PADA SISWA MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI 1 KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Chomsatun Chomsatun
Published: May 2023

tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter (Kedisiplinan dan Kejujuran) di MAN 1 Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif naturalistik, instrument dimana peneliti berperan sebagai peneliti sendiri. Tehnik pengumpulan data dalam dokumentasi, wawancara dan observasi. Tahapan pra-lapangan, pekerjaan lapangan dan penyusunan laporan. Teknis analisis data dilakukan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan menarik kesimpulan. Adapun pengecekan keabsahaan data melalui kredibility, transferability, dependability, dan konfirmability. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama kemampuan sumber daya manusia dalam pemahaman Pendidikan Karakter di MAN 1 Kota Semarang sudah mendukung pelaksanaan KBM mengintegrasikan pendidikan karakter, tetapi sebagian guru dalam pelaksanaan KBM belum sesuai dengan RPP pendidikan karakter. Kedua organisasi pendidikan karakter di MAN 1 Kota Semarang telah dilaksanakan sesuai prosedur yang berlaku di buku panduan madrasah. Ketiga sarana dan prasarana MAN 1 Kota Semarang sudah tersedia dan mencukupi kebutuhan, Keempat pendidikan Karakter melalui pelaksanaan pembelajaran di MAN 1 Kota Semarang sudah terlaksana dengan adanya tata tertib madrasah yang dipatuhi seluruh warga madrasah. Kelima Pelaksanaan Pendidiian Karakter melalui kegiatan Ekstrakulikuler, Ko-kulikuler dan tata tertib sudah dilaksanakan dengan adanya kegitaan ekstrakuikuler yang memiliki karakter seperti PMR, Pramuka dan Paskibra.Â
PERAN PMR (PALANG MERAH REMAJA) DALAM MEMBANGUN GENERASI PANCASILA
Authors: Astuti Indri
Published: May 2023

The concept of education is developed through the mechanism of the teaching-learning process called school, in which the role of the school as an intermediary link and the media of self-development, intelligence, creative imagination, and the formation of the character or character of the students. Extracurricular activities should not be positioned as a supplement, but rather a part that needs to be considered parallel to the teaching and learning activities in the classroom, because the extracurricular benefits and impact on the behavior and mindset of students, meaning that education outside the classroom has the same weight with the learning process in class. Extracurricular activities that can build the generation of Pancasila is one of them PMR. To know the activity is done through qualitative research method with technique of analysis through stages as follows: (1) Data collection; (2) data reduction; (3) Presentation of data; (4) Withdrawal of Conclusion/ Verification. The development of attitudes in accordance with the values of Pancasila is carried out through extracurricular activities of PMR covering Blood Student Donor activities (DORAS), health care in UKS, World HIV / AIDS Day, raising donations for natural disasters, Social service in the community, training with the KSR at PMI, assisting in the preparation of logistics for natural disasters at PMI. Development of attitude The planting of Pancasila principles in PMR activities is done by Moral Knowing, Moral Feeling and Moral Action. Activities carried out in extracurricular PMR provide valuable experience in real life so that it is
KONFERENSI: ALTERNATIF MODEL PEMBIMBINGAN PPL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PRAKTIKAN MAHASISWA DI SMP NEGERI 2 BOJA KABUPATEN KENDAL
Authors: Susanti Martien Herna , Setiajid Setiajid
Published: May 2023

Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) merupakan kegiatan kurikuler yang harus dilakukan oleh mahasiswa praktikan. Fungsi Guru Pamong (Gumong) dan Dosen Pembimbing Lapangan (DPL) sangat srategis dalam membimbing praktikan selama melaksanakan PPL di sekolah, namun terkadang ditemui kesulitan bagaimana cara Gumong memandu atau membimbing praktikan dalam mempraktekkan keterampilan dasar dalam proses pembelajaran dikarenakan belum adanya tahapan yang jelas dan konkrit tentang fungsi serta peran Gumong dan DPL selama PPL. Oleh karena itu diperlukan dukungan skenario mekanisme pembimbingan yang disebut konferensi sebagai salah satu alternatif model pembimbingan yang diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kompetensi praktikan PPL sekaligus menyajikan penilaian yang obyektif dan transparan. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah: 1) memahami mekanisme konferensi sebagai salah satu cara pembimbingan reflektif untuk meningkatkan kompetensi peserta PPL secara berkelanjutan, 2) mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah konferensi, dan 3) merancang Strategi implementasi konferensi dalam Program Pembimbingan PPL. Target utama kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah menghasilkan produk berupa laporan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Metode pengabdian yang digunakan disingkat menjadi â€•I CAREâ€– (Introduction, Conection, Aplication, Refelction, Extention)
PENANAMAN NILAI-NILAI MULTIKUTURISME PADA SEKOLAH BACKGROUND AGAMA
Authors: Habibah Siti Maizul
Published: May 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan pentingnya penanaman nilai â€“ nilai multikulturisme pada sekolah dengan background agama. Penelitian ini berawal dari hasil observasi yang telah dilakukan dan menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak sekolah yang lebih menitik beratkan golongan agama dalam sistem pengajarannya daripada menggambarkan multikultur yang ada di indonesia maupun disekitarnya. Kemudian yang menjadi dasar hukum dalam mendirikan sekolah dengan background agama atau sosial mengacu pada Undang â€“ undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. Artikel ilmiah ini menggambarkan bahwa pentingnya menanamkan nilai-nilai multikultural pada sekolah â€“sekolah dengan background agama karena dianggap minim sekali dalam menghargai dan saling menghormati perbedaan yang ada yang berpeluang besar terjadinya radikalisme di indonesia.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BATAKO JUMBO UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATERI GLOBALISASI BAGI SISWA KELAS IXF SMP NEGERI 1 SAYUNG SEMESTER GENAP TAHUN 2015/2016
Authors: Untari Sri
Published: May 2023

Implementasi kurikulum 2006 meniscayakan pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang mengadopsi prinsip pembelajaran abad 21, yaitu Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking and Problem Solving, dan Creativity and Innovation yang dikenal dengan 4C. Penerapan model pembelajaran Batako Jumbo dapat meningkatkan keaktifan belajar siswa kelas IXF SMP Negeri 1 Sayung dalam mempelajari materi globalisasi semester genap tahun 2015/2016, dengan bukti adanya peningkatan dari pra siklus, siklus I sampai siklus II. Penerapan model pembelajaran Batako Jumbo juga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IXF SMP Negeri 1 Sayung dalam mempelajari materi globalisasi semester genap tahun 2015/2016. Dampak yang teramati bahwa Pembelajaran Batako Jumbo meningkatkan aktivitas siswa yang semakin bermakna terutama dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran yang kreatif dan inovatif, komunikatif, kolaboratif, serta berfikir kritis dan pemecahan masalah.
SOLUSI PERMASALAHAN PROSES DEMOKRASI DI INDONESIA MODERN MELALUI PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MUSYAWARAH SEJAK DINI
Authors: Suyahmo Suyahmo , Munandar Moh Aris
Published: May 2023

Ketika reformasi bergulir di Indonesia, tampilah aktor politik yang memiliki karakter yang tidak sesuai dengan nilai-nilai kepribadian bangsa Indonesia seperti egois, memikirkan dirinya dan golongannya, dominasi terhadap ide dan pengambilan keputusan. Kondisi ini menjadikan kehidupan politik sebagai Â kehidupan yang penuh intrik untuk memenangkan kepentingannya yang muaranya adalah status ekonomi dan sosial. Berbeda dengan filosofi politik yang sebenarnya yakni berargumentasi guna mencapai suatu kebijakan yang mementingkan rakyat. Dalam penelitian tentang Peningkatan Kemampuan Musyawarah Sebagai Lokus Pengamalan Sila Ke 4 Pancasila Pada Jenjang SMP di Kota Semarang, kami menemukan bahwa Sekolah juga berfungsi Â sebagai penyuplai tokoh-tokoh politik yang otoriter dan mementingkan golongannya. Sekolah membiarkan siswa yang dominan terus menerus mendominasi, serta siswa yang apatis terus menerus didiamkan. Model Peningkatan Musyawarah Sebagai Solusi Permasalahan Politik Indonesia Modern adalah sebagai berikut sebagai berikut: a) Guru memberi pengertian dulu, apa itu musyawarah; b) Guru menyiapkan materi yang akan dimusyawarahkan; c)Â  Kelas dibagi menjadi lima kelompok besar, yang masing-masing terdiri dari 5 sampai denganÂ  10Â  siswa; d) Setiap siswa diberi tiga token (kupon), kupon tersebut ditulis nama siswa, kelompok serta no absen siswa.Â  Setiap pemegang kupon memiliki hak bicara maksimal lima menit. Setiap siswa akan bertanya dan menyanggah pembicaraan maka siswa harus menyerahkan token (kupon) tersebut pada guru; e) Guru mempersilahkan siswa untuk membahas bahan musyawarah; f) Guru mempersilahkan salah satu siswa untuk memaparkan hasil musyawarah kelompok; g) Siswa diajak untuk mencari yang terbaik dari setiap pendapat; h) Siswa dilatih sensitifitasnya terhadap emosi dirinya serta emosi kelompoknya; i) Siswa diajak untuk menganalisis berbagai pendapat dari Sudut Pandang Diri Sendiri (SPDS) serta dari Sudut Pandang Orang Lain (SPOL); j) Siswa kemudian mengemukakan pendapatnya; k) Siswa mengambil kesimpulan.
PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK PADA PERKULIAHAN DENGAN SISTEM E-LEARNING
Authors: Wiyanto Wiyanto
Published: May 2023

Pendekatan saintifik adalah pendekatan pembelajaran yang dirancang sedemikian rupa mulai dari proses mengamati, menanya, mengumpulkan data/informasi, mengasosiasi, dan mengkemonikasikan, sehingga mendorong perkembangan dan pengembangan kompetensi sikap, pengetahuan dan ketrampilan mahasiswa menjadi lebih baik serta memenuhi kaidah ilmiah. Pengetahuan yang dimiliki dan yang akan tercipta dapat berbentuk faktual, konseptual, prosedural atau metakognitif yang dapat diperoleh melalui pengalaman indrawi mahasiswa dari berbagai sumber. Hadirnya teknologi informasi juga memberikan ruang belajar yang lebih luas, tidak dibatasi oleh ruang dan waktu. Karena dapat diakses dimana saja dan kapan saja selama ada akses internet. Pendekatan saintifik pada perkuliahan dengan sistem e-learning menjawab kebutuhan tersebut. Pada tulisan ini akan diuraikan mengenai pendekatan saintifik pada perkuliahan dengan sistem e-learning dari teori ke praktik.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MENGGUNAKAN METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE INVESTIGATION GROUP BAGI SISWA KELAS X. IPS 1 SMA NEGERI 1 GOMBONG
Authors: Karyono Karyono
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah melalui metode Cooperative Learning tipe Group Investigation dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan dapat: (1) meningkatkan aktifitas belajar siswa;Â menciptakan kondisi belajar yang interaktif dan dinamis; (3) menciptakan kebermaknaan belajar siswa, sehingga (4) meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Maret 2018, dengan subjek penelitian siswa Kelas X IPS1 SMA Negeri 1 Gombong. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes hasil belajar mata pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan dalam bentuk pilihan ganda dan uraian. Untuk mengetahui ketepatan dan kesahihan instrumen dilakukan uji validitas content. Analisis data berupa deskriptif komparatif, dengan membandingkan proses belajar dan hasil belajar pada kondisi awal, siklus I dan siklus II. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, bahwa dengan penggunaan metode Cooperative Learning tipe Group Investigation dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan telah menunjukkan proses dan hasil yang meningkat, yaitu : (1) dari perbandingan kondisi awal, siklus I dan siklus II diperoleh fakta adanya peningkatan keaktifan siswa dari kondisi awal 29,41 % siswa aktif, siklus I 47,06 % siswa aktif dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 88,24 % siswa aktif ; (2) dari pengamatan terhadap hasil belajar pada kondisi awal, siklus I dan siklus II, diperoleh fakta adanya peningkatan rata-rata hasil belajar. Pada kondisi awal rata-rata nilai hasil belajar mencapai 68,79, dan pada siklus I mencapai 76,82 sedangkan pada siklus II mencapai 86,06; (3) dari pengamatan terhadap hasil belajar pada kondisi awal, siklus I dan siklus II, diperoleh fakta adanya peningkatan ketuntasan belajar siswa. Pada kondisi awal ketuntasan belajar siswa mencapai 9 siswa atau sekitar 26,47 %, dan pada siklus I mencapai 18 siswa atau sekitar 52,94 % sedangkan pada siklus II mencapai 33 siswa atau sekitar 97,05 %.
PARTISIPASI POLITIK PEMILIH PEMULA PADA PEMILIHAN WALIKOTA SEMARANG DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Lestari Eta Yuni , Arumsari Nugraheni
Published: May 2023

Partisipasi politik memiliki peran penting dalam proses pemilihan umum baik pemilu legislatif, pemilu presiden, maupun pemilu kepala daerah. Tahun 2015 Kota Semarang menyelenggarakan Pemilukada untuk memilih walikota. Jenis pemilih yang perlu diperhatikan tingkat partisipasi politik pemilihnya adalah bagi para pemilih pemula. Kurangnya kesadaran berpolitik atau rendahnya pendidikan politik bagi para pemilih pemula dikhawatirkan akan menurunkan tingkat partisipasi politik pada pemilukada di Kota Semarang. Mengingat pentingnya partisipasi politik pemula dalam pemilukada maupun pada pemilihan presiden pada tahun 2019, maka perlu dilakukan kajian penelitian tentang Partisipasi Politik Pemilih Pemula pada Pemilihan Walikota Semarang di Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji proses sosialisasi pendidikan politik bagi pemilih pemula menjelang Pemilihan Walikota Semarang di Kota Semarang, mengetahui peran partai politik, KPU, maupun perguruan tinggi dalam memberikan pendidikan politik bagi pemilih pemula, mengetahui kesiapan para pemilih pemula dalam menggunakan hak pilih pada pemilihan walikota Semarang di Kota Semarang.Â Penelitian dirancang dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk mengumpulkan data dan fakta penelitian tentang partisipasi politik pemilih pemula pada pemilihan walikota Semarang pada tahun 2015 di Kota Semarang. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah para pemilih pemula yang telah menggunakan hak pilih yang pertama kali pada pemilihan Walikota Semarang, adapun sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Semarang yang merupakan pemilih pemula di kota Semarang.Â Hasil penelitian menunjukan pemilih pemula belum memiliki kesiapan yang maksimal dalam menentukan pilihan dan tidak ada persiapan yang khusus, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilih dalam menentukan pilihan dipengaruhi oleh visi dan misi ketika terpilih, latar belakang calon (tingkat pendidikan, agama), faktor sosial atau kedekatan calon dengan masyarakat , kinerja calon baik pada saat menjadi walikota sebelumnya (bagi calon incumbent), dan kinerja pada pekerjaannya, Track record calon, faktor karakter (jujur, amanah, merakyat, dan tidak pernah terkena kasus hukum).
PERAN ARENA (FIELD) TERHADAP KAPABILITAS PEREMPUAN ANGGOTA DPRD PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Lestari Puji , Putri Citraresmi Widoretno
Published: May 2023

Tujuan riset ini adalah mengeksplorasi peran arena (field) terhadap kapabilitas perempuan dalam lembaga legislatif di Jawa Tengah dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kapabilitas perempuan dalam proses rekrutmen sampai dengan kinerja mereka dalam lembaga legislatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan teknik pengambilan data; wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Wawancara dilakukan agar dapat terungkap data yang mendalam mengenai pengalaman, perjuangan perempuan dalam proses rekrutmen sampai dengan pelaksanaan tugas, fungsi mereka sebagai legislator perempuan. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa regulasi, KPU, partai politik, masyarakat, sistem pemilu dan budaya politik memberi kontribusi terhadap perempuan dalam proses rekrutmen legislatif di Jawa Tengah pada tahun 2014. Kapabilitas perempuan anggota DPRD seringkali baru terbentuk pada saat perempuan sudah menjadi anggota dewan, karena dipengaruhi oleh hal-hal; incumbent atau petahana; dukungan partai politik; program kerja setiap komisi; masyarakat dan peraturan yang mengikat ke dalam dan keluar. Faktor dalam arena (field) yang mempengaruhi kapabilitas perempuan selama proses rekrutmen sampai mereka menjalankan tugas sebagai lembaga legislatif adalah regulasi dan personal background. Peningkatan kapabilitas perempuan anggota DPRD Jawa Tengah, penting dilakukan sepanjang perjalanan waktu. Tidak hanya proses keterwakilan yang diatur dalam regulasi saja, atau tidak hanya kehadiran perempuan saja, namun lebih dari itu, kualitas, kapabilitas perempuan sebagai anggota DPRD Jawa Tengah harus selalu ditingkatkan. Terutama untuk mendorong kepentingan perempuan-perempuan yang mereka wakili dapat tercapai.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN, BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN KEADILAN PROSEDURAL TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASI (Studi Pegawai Seketariat Daerah Pemprov.DKI Jakarta dan Pemprov.Sumut)
Authors: Saragih Herliana JR
Published: May 2023

Organizational Commitment can be referred to three emplooyeeâ€™s characteristics, namely theirself belonging to organization, their willingness to work for organization, and their acceptenceof the values and the objectives of the organization. The organizational commitment is influenced by many factors, like, leadership, organizational culture, attitude and personality, motivation, procedural justice and others. This study was intended to investigate the effect of leadership, organizational culture, and procedural justice on organizational commitment of Secretarial Office employees of DKI and Sumut Provinces. The data was collected through survey to 80 emplooyees who were selected randomly from the employees of echelon III Secretarial Office DKI and Sumut Provinces.The data were then analyzed by path analysis technique. Result indicated that organizational commitment was directly affected by leadership and procedural justice but not by organizational culture. In others words leadership and organizational justice affects the organizational commitment. The findings imply that the employees commitment can be improved through the improvement of leadership and organizational justice. However, others variables can be put into consideration in the future research to find out more information related to the variable.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MATERI PENGERTIAN DAN PENTINGNYA PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN TINGKAT PUSAT DAN DAERAH MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD PADA SISWA KELAS V DI SDN 2 NGEMBAK KECAMATAN PURWODADI KABUPATEN GROBOGAN SEMESTER 1 TAHUN PELAJARAN 2015 / 2016
Authors: Sriwahyuni Sriwahyuni
Published: May 2023

Undang-Undang nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional mempunyai tujuan menciptakan manusia beriman dan bertaqwa terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berbudi luhur, berkepribadian mandiri, maju, tangguh, cerdas, kreatif, terampil, disiplin, bertanggung jawab serta sehat jasmani dan rohani.Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan merupakan mata pelajaran penting bagi pendidikan di sekolah dasar. Pencapaian standar kompetensi (SK) dan kompetensi dasar (KD) yang memfokuskan pada pembentukan warga negara yang memahami dan mampu melaksanakan hak-hak dan kewajibannya untuk menjadi warga negara Indonesia yang cerdas, terampil, dan berkarakter yang dimanatkan dalam Pancasila dan UUD 1945 (BNSP, 2006: 34). Dengan adanya pelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, siswa mampu (1) Berpikir secara kritis, rasional, dan kreatif dalam menanggapi isu kewarganegaraan; (2) Berpartisipasi secara aktif dan bertanggung jawab, dan bertindak secara cerdas dalam kegiatan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara, serta anti korupsi; (3) Berkembang secara positif dan demokratis untuk membentuk diri berdasarkan karakter-karakter masyarakat Indonesia agar dapat hidup bersama dengan bangsabangsa lainnya; (4) Berinteraksi dengan bangsa-bangsa lain dalam percaturan dunia secara langsung atau tidak langsung dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Dengan dasar itulah, maka Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran pokok yang harus diajarkan di sekolah dasar.
Caudal block in combination with general anesthesia as the best method of anesthesia for large joint replacement
Authors: EM Nasibova , JA Nasirli
Published: May 2023

Operations of total hip and knee arthroplasty are currently one of the most frequent surgical interventions performed for functional rehabilitation of patients with osteoarthritis or patients who have received a fracture of the femoral neck. The best method for providing anesthesia and pain relief for total joint replacement has not been determined. Until now, a unified point of view on the choice of the optimal method of anesthesia and analgesia in surgical interventions for arthroplasty has not been formed. Purpose of the study.: To study the effectiveness of caudal anesthesia in hip and knee arthroplasty. Material and research methods: The study was conducted in the surgical clinic of the AMU in 56 patients who underwent surgery for hip and knee arthroplasty. The age of the patients varied from 57 to 99 years. Depending on the chosen anesthesia technique, the patients were divided into 2 groups: in the 1st group (n=28) endotracheal anesthesia was performed, induction of anesthesia with propofol and rocuronium bromide, anesthesia based on sevoflurane 1.0 vol% with caudal administration of ropivacaine 2 mg/kg in combinations with dexamethasone 0.2 mg/kg; group 2 (n=28 patients) underwent multicomponent endotracheal anesthesia (propofol 3 mg/kg, rocuronium bromide 0.6 mg/kg, sevoflurane 1.5–2.5 vol/% with high doses of fentanyl 5–6 µg /kg/hour. Research results: During the traumatic moment of the operation, the average heart rate in group I (general anesthesia + caudal block) was significantly lower than in group II (general anesthesia) (69.4±2.0 versus 89.40±3.0, p=0.010), but there are significant differences in SBP or DBP between the two groups. Conclusion: The inclusion of caudal blockade in the protocol of general anesthesia provides adequate pain relief, both intra- and postoperatively, in patients undergoing arthroplasty of large joints of the lower extremities.
Development of a scoring system with laboratory and ultrasound parameters to predict the choledocholithiasis
Authors: Ortiz C Dr. Gonzalo Torres , Navarro A Jorge Luis , Ortiz V Dra. Isabel Torres
Published: May 2023

Importance: ERCP is an effective method for this pathology but requires that reliable preoperative markers for the presence of choledocholithiasis are established to reduce the number of unnecessary endoscopic procedures. Objective: Develop a system of scoring with ultrasound and laboratory parameters to predict choledocholithiasis. Design, setting, and participants: It is an analytical, prospective, and quantitative study tested diagnostic (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio). The universe is represented by a total of 600 patients that were treated in the surgery service of the Hospital with Hepatobiliopancreatic pathology, the sample is represented by 400 patients of the universe, from January 2012 to July 2016. Exposures: It was conducted using a pre-established protocol review of medical records of Viedma Clinical Hospital. Main Outcome and Measures Determine if using simple a lab test along with the abdominal ultrasound, you can predict the existence of choledocholithiasis and decide to perform therapeutic ERCP. Results: By subjecting all patients studied to the scoring scale, we can see that those with one higher score (add of) >4 have a 31% chance to find stones in the bile duct, and which those which have a score <4 have a 5% chance to find stones in his bile duct, therefore the use of this scoring scale allows us to predict 6 times the probability of present gallstones in the bile duct that if we don't use the same. Conclusion and relevance: The use of diagnostic tests (sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and likelihood ratio) are effective tests for their discriminatory power between sick and healthy patients. Patients with 4 or more criteria achieve a sensitivity of 66% and a specificity of 90% to predict choledocholithiasis.
What steps we follow for a smile make over?
Authors: Andreas  Aspros
Published: May 2023

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Modification of dermatome mapping method for the assessment of Inguinodynia treatment
Authors: Weber-Sánchez MD Alejandro , Weber-Alvarez MD Pablo
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Inguinodynia, is a frequent problem in clinical practice. The need to improve its assessment is obvious. Currently, there is a lack of agreement regarding the appropriate way to evaluate this syndrome. The objective of this paper is to illustrate and propose a modification of the dermatome mapping (DM) tool to improve its efficacy, by combining it, using the analogous verbal numerical scale of pain (VANSP) to identify the affected nerves from the dermatome involved, to objectively evaluate pain intensity and to assess the treatment given. Methods: We use the analogous verbal numerical scale of pain (VANSP) to mark the patient’s skin, applied to the method of DM described by Álvarez. We ask the patient to characterize the pain intensity with numbers, beginning with one, for the slightest pain, to 10 for the worst possible pain experienced. After the treatment is given, either if it is conservative, surgical, or neural block, we repeat the mapping to evaluate its effectiveness. Results: We have used this approach since 1997, in several patients with inguinodynia of different etiologies pre- and post-treatment, and it is useful and a more objective evaluation, especially to estimate the result of the treatment given. Conclusion: Dermatome mapping, marking the patient pain points using the VANSP, can provide relevant information for the diagnosis, treatment, and assessment of management results in patients with inguinodynia.
The variant relationship of the maxillary artery to the lateral pterygoid muscle: a cadaveric study
Authors: M Warui Timothy , MA Butt Fawzia , Akama Matthew , Akama Matthew , Olabu Beda
Published: May 2023

Study objective: To describe the variations and anatomical landmarks of the maxillary artery Study design and population: This was a descriptive cross-sectional cadaveric study, carried out in the department of human anatomy at the University of Nairobi. Study duration: This was conducted between November 2015 and May 2016. Material and methods: Ninety three (93) hemi-sections from 48 cadavers were used for the study. Dissection of the infratemporal fossa was done to expose the MA and its branches on both sides. The distance of the MA from the articular eminence, mandibular neck, mandibular notch and pterygoid fovea were recorded. The relationship of the MA with the LPM and its branching pattern noted. Results: Out of the 93 hemi-sections dissected 67% of the MA were within the parotid gland while 33% were medial. Thirty five of the MA had a medial relationship to the LPM while, 58 were lateral. Six (6.5%) hemi-sections had the middle meningeal artery (MMA) and the inferior alveolar artery (IAA) originating from a common trunk on the MA. The accessory meningeal artery (AMA) was absent in 3 (3.2%) hemi-sections on the right side and in 2 (2.2%) on the left. Amongst all distances measured of the MA to the bony prominences; mandibular notch, condylar neck, articular eminence, the Pterygoid fovea (14.61±7.07mm for the left and13.93±6.17 and the right side) was the most reliable. Conclusion: The relationship of the MA is more lateral than medial. The most reliable bony landmark is the pterygoid fovea. The branching pattern of the IAA and MMA off the MA is inconsistent in different studies. The MA is a very variable and tortuous artery, probably influenced by age, gender and ethnicity.
Comparative study of the arterial circle of Willis in individuals with or without cerebrovascular disorders
Authors: Dzmitry Valchkevich , Ina Tokina
Published: May 2023

The study is devoted to the describe the anatomy of Willis circle in people with and without the cerebrovascular pathology. It was investigated in 243 angiograms of both males and females between the ages of 18 and 72. 120 patients had no signs of cerebrovascular pathology, and 123 patients had various types of disorders of the cerebral circulation. Results of the study have shown that only 32% of patients from the group without cerebrovascular disorders have the classical type of Willis circle. In 68% of patients, the atypical Willis circle was found, namely: 23% – hypoplasia of the anterior communicating artery, 21% – aplasia or hypoplasia of one of the posterior communicating arteries, 17% – combination of both anterior and one of the posterior communicating arteries aplasia, 4% – anterior and both posterior communicating arteries aplasia, 3% – parietal contact of both anterior cerebral arteries. Patients with cerebrovascular pathology show the typical anatomy of the Willis circle only in 2%. Other ones have different type of variation: aplasia of one of the posterior communicans artery have been noted in 53%, aplasia of both posterior communicating arteries – in 26%, combined aplasia of both anterior and posterior communicating arteries have been met in 19% of cases. Based on the above, it can be assumed the atypical type of the Willis circle is a predisposing factor for the development of cerebrovascular disorders.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (prep) to acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among men who have sex with men (MSM): contributions of modern nursing to the elderly population
Authors: Caxias de Souza Maurício
Published: May 2023

Goal: expose and analyze the knowledge of the elderly about Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to HIV. Method: This is a bibliographical review article carried out through an electronic search in two online databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (Sistema Scielo) and Lilacs. For this, the following Health Sciences Descriptors were used (DeCS): Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis AND HIV AND Health of the Elderly AND Nursing. Results and Discussion: In these bases, 10 articles were found and none responded to the objectives. The analysis showed that it is necessary for the elderly to know about pre-exposure prophylaxis to HIV, as this age group is also part of a key population vulnerable to infection. The analysis showed that in the next 20 years, Brazil will be the sixth largest population of elderly people in the world, it is important to emphasize that with the passage of time the number of people infected by the AIDS virus has only been increasing and in this it has shown a new facet of the epidemic in the age group. age 59 years of age or older. Conclusion: It was observed that there is a need to create preventive and normative resources regarding the use of PreP in the elderly, as well as therapy, adherence, availability and purpose of the medication, in order to involve these individuals in the knowledge process.
Severe gingival hypertrophy associated with the use of phenytoin a case report
Authors: López-Monzón,, Mario , Vivar, Andrea , Ruano Claudia , Trabanino Ana , Ramos Ronny
Published: May 2023

Drug associated gingival hypertrophy is an adverse effect of a large number of drugs (anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers, immunosuppressants), which in addition to being used in daily medical practice, these drugs are for continuous use. We present the case of a 50-year-old female patient diagnosed with convulsive disorder with 42 years of use of phenytoin.
Experience in the treatment of chronic pain with transcranial stimulation in ISSSTE patients
Authors: Medina-Chamu Guadalupe Y
Published: May 2023

The objective of this study is to know the experience in the treatment of chronic pain with transcranial stimulation in patients of the High Specialty Hospital centennial of the Mexican Revolution, a descriptive design was applied (observational) which involved 40 patients with chronic pain that came to the rehabilitation of ISSSTE centennial of the revolution, who started a treatment of 10 therapy sessions. It was used as material interviews and clinical records for translating the results, same results that show that there is a favorable experience, good and with a great result of improvement. It is therefore concluded that this study will provide data relevant to the experience and the effectiveness of the transcranial stimulation with direct current in chronic pain. Of the sample studied, all patients had a satisfactory experience, taking an improvement above 50% in decrease of pain. Transcranial stimulation is being investigated a lot in the last few years but here in our midst is still unknown.
Innovation networks and knowledge transfer in information management
Authors: Hinojosa Salazar Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2023

In the present investigation, an analysis of the situation of the main coffee organizations characterized as associative structures is carried out, based on a thread at their level of organization that seeks to optimize their knowledge, articulation and internal improvement actions entailed from the objective oriented in the knowledge transfer based on innovation networks and their influence on information management in coffee producers in the province of Utcubamba - Amazonas - Peru. With the change management proposal within a corporate project supported by procedures and innovation networks, it is expected to promote positive externalities in the business model. What is proposed is instituted through an applied-basic type analysis, approached with the contrasting technique - explanatory with a succession design. As a result, within this process, key elements are articulated such as: knowledge, information and communication, strong identity and coordination and articulation rules, trust in sharing knowledge, information and communication technologies (ICT), linked to networks. That allow strengthening the Local Support Network by identifying its strategic competencies. As a conclusion, it was possible to demonstrate the importance of institutional support from public policies, the structural characteristics that innovation networks must have and actions to develop human capital, a vision of the structural, relational and organizational approach. That allow strengthening the Local Support Network by identifying its strategic competencies. As a conclusion, it was possible to demonstrate the importance of institutional support from public policies, the structural characteristics that innovation networks must have and actions to develop human capital, a vision of the structural, relational and organizational approach. That allow strengthening the Local Support Network by identifying its strategic competencies. As a conclusion, it was possible to demonstrate the importance of institutional support from public policies, the structural characteristics that innovation networks must have and actions to develop human capital, a vision of the structural, relational and organizational approach.
The standard of living of salaried families in the face of current changes
Authors: Mihăilescu Adina
Published: May 2023

Household incomes are extremely sensitive to unfavorable developments in the economy, as well as to the dysfunctions of the national and world market. The gap between the incomes of Romanians and those of other Europeans is determined by the differences regarding the level and structure of employment but also by the salary policies adopted. The shock caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have exposed the structural vulnerabilities of the economy, including persistent poverty and disparities in economic opportunities across regions and between urban and rural areas, structural rigidities in the labour market, weak fiscal policy and constraints significant institutional that affect the efficient use of resources. Poor and vulnerable households have been disproportionately affected by rising food and energy prices.
Contemporary international system, aligning technology with Nigeria’s foreign policy
Authors: Adigbuo Ebere Richard
Published: May 2023

Technology has always played a crucial role in global politics, security, economics and culture. It has continuously shaped the structure of the global system, its actors, and the relations between them and vice versa. Yet analysts have down played its importance. Despite its benign neglect, international politics is tailored by technology. Technology is understood as an integral component of the international system that fashions global interactions and itself is affected by global politics, economics, and culture. This essay argues that to understand the transformation in global affairs, technology has to be integrated more systematically into the theoretical discussions of International Relations (IR). To achieve this objective, an interdisciplinary approach that systematically incorporates insights of Science and Technology Studies (S&TS) into IR is deployed; this method provides a better perception of how technology, politics and the international system interact with each other. In so doing, it opens the field of IR to a wealthier understanding of how global systemic change is affected by technology and how international economics, politics, and culture impact technological evolution.
Portraying Islam and the West : in Tzvetan Todorov’s The Fear of Barbarians: Beyond the Clash of Civilizations
Authors: Boulaouali Tijani
Published: May 2023

This review deals with the relationship between Islam and the West from the point of view of the Bulgarian-French philosopher Tzvetan Todorov, especially in his book the Fear of Barbarians. Some issues have been discussed. Firstly, the term barbarism or savagery is defined and compared with the concept civilization. Secondly, attention is paid to Todorov's historical criticism of a number of Western concepts and postulates that they are circulating in politics and the media. Finally, some negative stereotypes about Islam and Muslims, that Todorov has criticised and corrected, have been highlighted in this article.
The consequences of phytoestrogenization of the father and the effects of phytoestrogens during puberty for male offspring
Authors: Seliukova Nataliia , Korenieva Yevgenia , Morozenko Dmytro , Vashchyk Yevheniia , Yeromenko Rimma , Matviichuk Olena , Matviichuk Anatolii , Gladchenko Oleg
Published: May 2023

Exposure to phytoestrogens (PE) during prepuberty and puberty can modulate the functioning of the reproductive axis, causing irreversible damage to reproductive programming.

The aim of the study was to investigate the state of the reproductive system of male offspring of adult rats that were exposed to phytoestrogens in the pubertal period of ontogenesis.

Materials and methods. The work was performed on adult male and female Wistar rats and their male offspring. In the experiment, the biological effect of PE was studied when applying a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight for 30 days to the father and/or offspring of puberty age starting from the 45th day of postnatal life. Upon reaching the age of six months, male offspring of all studied groups were examined for reproductive function.

Results. The effect of estrogen-like substances on male reproductive function is manifested not only under the conditions of their intake in the critical periods of the embryonic and postnatal periods, but also, even when acting on the germ cells of parents. In male offspring, androgen secretion is disturbed, the hormonal status changes in the direction of hyperestrogenization, fertility decreases due to the reduced quality of germ cells against the background of a normal spermogram.

Conclusion. The reproductive function of sexually mature male offspring of a phytoestrogenized father who received a mixture of phytoestrogens during puberty is characterized by differences in sexual behavior, a decrease in the reproductive potential of males, which occurs due to a decrease in the share of effective fertilization, which indicates negative changes in spermatozoa, the development of which took place in conditions of absolute and relative hyperestrogeny. This indicates that phytoestrogens, as an environmental factor, have adverse consequences not only for individuals who directly use them, but also for their male offspring
Orthodontic correction in rodents and hare-like animals: principles and methods of treatment
Authors: Stepanenko Hanna , Siehodin Oleksandr
Published: May 2023

The aim: Our particular interest in this study is not only the ability to extrapolate the experience of orthodontics of humane medicine for effective orthodontic correction in representatives of the animal world, but also the possibility of using teleroentgenometry and craniometry to study the skull of rodents and hare-like animals for the early preclinical diagnosis of dental disease.

Materials and methods. The data of teleroentgenography (TRG), cranio- and gnatometry, biochemistry of connective tissue (GAG, GP, HST), fluoroscopy, densitometric parameters for early subclinical detection of dental disease in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera (n=20)), guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus (n=48)) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus(n=52)) are presented. All stages of the effective correction of mesial occlusion of incisors in rabbits (N=5) and dystropia of premolars in guinea pigs (N=5) are described. The camputation of efforts and points of their application that are necessary to move the tooth of the ellodont type is carried out. There are given the sequential stages of creating a dental imprint or 3D models, as well as the manufacture of fixed orthodontic structures, including an elastophore, orthodontic buttons with an Enlight Ormco fixation for incisors; and individual extraoral devices with expanding screws for premolars are presented.

Results. Namely, among animals with dental disease, the following anatomical characteristics reliably took place. The basal angle of inclination of the base of the jaws to each other characterizing the vertical position of the jaws increased by 11 %; the body of the lower jaw shortened by 18 %; the height of the branches of the jaw increased by 17.5, and the mandibular angle, which is measured between the tangents to the lower edge of the lower jaw and the back surface of its branches, increased by 6 %. These data must be considered together with a reliable densitometric decrease in bone density and changes of biochemical components of the connective tissue in the blood serum. An analysis of bone strength of rabbits and guinea pigs is given in Tab. 2, which shows that the bone marrow of animals with dental history is statistically significantly different from the strength of animal bones without such among patients of rabbits and guinea pigs (p = 0.012 and p = 0.024, respectively). Thus, the method of program densitometry can be used to quantify the severity of metabolic disorders in the bone tissue to predict the further course of the reparative process, to appoint adequate pharmacological correction and to control the evaluation of therapeutic measures.

Conclusions. The study of dental pathology of rodents and hare-like animals using densitometric, craniometric and biochemical methods allows detection of disorders in the early preclinical stage. And the extrapolation of the experience of humane orthodontics solves the issue of correcting the occlusion of these types of animals to restore the possibility of self-feeding