bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OH reactivity and concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds in a Mediterranean forest of downy oak trees
Authors: Zannoni N. , Gros V. , Lanza M. , Sarda R. , Bonsang B. , Kalogridis C. , Preunkert S. , Legrand M. , Jambert C. , Boissard C. , Lathiere J.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Total OH reactivity, defined as the total loss frequency of the hydroxyl radical in the atmosphere, has proved to be an excellent tool to identify the total loading of reactive species in ambient air. High levels of unknown reactivity were found in several forests worldwide and were often higher than at urban sites.Our study presents atmospheric mixing ratios of biogenic compounds and total OH reactivity measured during late spring 2014 at the forest of downy oak trees of the Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP), France. Air masses were sampled at two heights: 2 m, i.e., inside the canopy, and 10 m, i.e., above the canopy, where the mean canopy height is 5 m.We found that the OH reactivity at the site mainly depended on the main primary biogenic species emitted by the forest, which was isoprene and to a lesser extent by its degradation products and long-lived atmospheric compounds (up to 26 % during daytime). During daytime, no significant missing OH reactivity was reported at the site, either inside or above the canopy. However, during two nights we determined a missing fraction of OH reactivity up to 50 %, possibly due to unmeasured oxidation products. We confirmed that no significant oxidation of the primary species occurred within the canopy; primary compounds emitted by the forest were fast transported to the atmosphere. Finally, the OH reactivity at this site was maximum 69 s−1, which is a high value for a forest characterized by a temperate climate. Observations in various and diverse forests in the Mediterranean region are therefore needed to better constrain the impact of reactive gases over this area.
The impacts of moisture transport on drifting snow sublimation in the saltation layer
Authors: Huang N. , Dai X.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Drifting snow sublimation (DSS) is an important physical process related to moisture and heat transfer that happens in the atmospheric boundary layer, which is of glaciological and hydrological importance. It is also essential in order to understand the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheets and the global climate system. Previous studies mainly focused on the DSS of suspended snow and ignored that in the saltation layer. Here, a drifting snow model combined with balance equations for heat and moisture is established to simulate the physical DSS process in the saltation layer. The simulated results show that DSS can strongly increase humidity and cooling effects, which in turn can significantly reduce DSS in the saltation layer. However, effective moisture transport can dramatically weaken the feedback effects. Due to moisture advection, DSS rate in the saltation layer can be several orders of magnitude greater than that of the suspended particles. Thus, DSS in the saltation layer has an important influence on the distribution and mass-energy balance of snow cover.
About the effects of polarising optics on lidar signals and the Δ90-calibration
Authors: Freudenthaler Volker
Published: February 2016

Abstract. This paper provides a model for assessing the effects of polarising optics on the signals of typical lidar systems, which is based on the description of the individual optical elements of the lidar and of the state of polarisation of the light by means of the Müller-Stokes formalism. General analytical equations are derived for the dependence of the lidar signals on polarisation parameters, for the linear depolarisation ratio, and for the signals of different polarisation calibration set-ups. The equations can also be used for the calculation of systematic errors caused by non-ideal optical elements, their rotational misalignment, and by non-ideal laser polarisation. We present the description of the lidar signals including the polarisation calibration in a closed form, which can be applied for a large variety of lidar systems.
Improved end-member characterisation of modern organic matter pools in the Ohrid Basin (Albania, Macedonia) and evaluation of new palaeoenvironmental proxies
Authors: Holtvoeth J. , Rushworth D. , Copsey H. , Imeri A. , Cara M. , Vogel H. , Wagner T. , Wolff G. A.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. We present elemental, lipid biomarker and, in the supplement, compound-specific isotope (δ13C, δ2H) data for soils and leaf litter collected in the catchment of Lake Ohrid (Albania, Macedonia), as well as macrophytes, particulate organic matter and sediments from the lake itself. Lake Ohrid provides an outstanding archive of continental environmental change of at least 1.2 million years and the purpose of our study is to ground truth organic geochemical proxies that we developed in order to study past changes in the terrestrial biome. We show that soils dominate the lipid signal of the lake sediments rather than the vegetation or aquatic biomass. There is a strong imprint of suberin monomers on the composition of total lipid extracts and chain-length distributions of n-alkanoic acids, n-alcohols, ω-hydroxy acids and α, ω-dicarboxylic acids. Our end-member survey identifies that ratios of mid-chain length suberin-derived to long-chain length cuticular-derived alkyl compounds as well as their average chain length distributions can be used as new molecular proxies of organic matter sources to the lake. We tested these for the 8.2 ka event, a pronounced and widespread Holocene climate fluctuation. In SE Europe climate became drier and cooler in response to the event, as is clearly recognisable in the carbonate and organic carbon records of Lake Ohrid sediments. Our new proxies indicate biome modification in response to hydrological changes, identifying two phases of increased soil organic matter (OM) supply, first from soils with moderately degraded OM and then from more degraded soils. Our study demonstrates that geochemical fingerprinting of terrestrial OM should focus on the main lipid sources, rather than the living biomass. Both can exhibit climate-controlled variability, but are generally not identical.
The asynchronous response of carbon gain and water loss generate spatio-temporal pattern of WUE along elevation gradient in southwest China
Authors: Sun Xiangyang , Huang Mei , Wang Genxu
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The ratio of carbon gain to water loss, or water use efficiency (WUE), is a key characteristic of ecosystem function, and reflects the trade-off relationship between carbon gain and evapotranspiration (ET). The carbon and water cycles are very complex at the ecosystem scale, especially along altitudinal gradients. A stable carbon isotope method and the AVIM2 model were used to study the temporal and altitudinal patterns of carbon gain, water loss and ecosystem WUE in dark coniferous forests (Abies fabri) in subalpine, Southwest China. WUE was defined using different components of carbon gain and water loss. The temporal and altitudinal variations of WUE were found. WUE in the vegetative season was larger than in the dormant season. Climatic conditions such as monthly precipitation, air temperature, vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and net radiation contributed to the monthly variation in ecosystem WUE. Both the carbon gain and water loss decreased as the altitude increased, and the carbon gain exhibited a moderately decreasing rate compared with that of the water loss along the altitude gradient. WUE exhibited an increasing trend along the elevation gradient, but discrepancies appeared when different definitions of WUE were used. Variations in WUE indicated different coupling relationships between the carbon gain and water loss on different temporal and altitudinal scales. The asynchronous response of the carbon gain and water loss to climatic and physiological variables determined the temporal and altitudinal patterns of ecosystem WUE.
Terrestrial responses of low-latitude Asia to the Eocene–Oligocene climate transition revealed by integrated chronostratigraphy
Authors: Li Y. X. , Jiao W. J. , Liu Z. H. , Jin J. H. , Wang D. H. , He Y. X. , Quan C.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The Paleogene sedimentary records from southern China hold important clues to the impacts of the Cenozoic climate changes on low latitudes. However, although there are extensive Paleogene terrestrial archives and some contain abundant fossils in this region, few are accurately dated or have a temporal resolution adequate to decipher climate changes. Here, we present a detailed stratigraphic and paleomagnetic study of a fossiliferous late Paleogene succession in the Maoming Basin, Guangdong Province. The succession consists of oil shale of the Youganwo Formation (Fm) in the lower part and the overlying sandstone-dominated Huangniuling Fm in the upper part. Fossil records indicate that the age of the succession possibly spans the late Eocene to the Oligocene. Both the Youganwo Fm and the overlying Huangniuling Fm exhibit striking sedimentary rhythms, and spectral analysis of the depth series of magnetic susceptibility of the Youganwo Fm reveals dominant sedimentary cycles at orbital frequency bands. The transition from the Youganwo oil shale to the overlying Huangniuling sandstones is conformable and represents a major depositional environmental change from a lacustrine to a deltaic environment. Integrating the magnetostratigraphic, lithologic, and fossil data allows establishing a substantially refined chronostratigraphic framework that places the major depositional environmental change at 33.88 Ma, coinciding with the Eocene–Oligocene climate transition (EOT) at  ∼ 33.7 to  ∼ 33.9 Ma. We suggest that the transition from a lacustrine to deltaic environment in the Maoming Basin represents terrestrial responses to the EOT and indicates prevailing drying conditions in low-latitude regions during the global cooling at EOT.
Gridded global surface ozone metrics for atmospheric chemistry model evaluation
Authors: Sofen E. D. , Bowdalo D. , Evans M. J. , Apadula F. , Bonasoni P. , Cupeiro M. , Ellul R. , Galbally I. E. , Girgzdiene R. , Luppo S. , Mimouni M. , Nahas A. C. , Saliba M. , Tørseth K.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The concentration of ozone at the Earth's surface is measured at many locations across the globe for the purposes of air quality monitoring and atmospheric chemistry research. We have brought together all publicly available surface ozone observations from online databases from the modern era to build a consistent data set for the evaluation of chemical transport and chemistry-climate (Earth System) models for projects such as the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative and Aer-Chem-MIP. From a total data set of approximately 6600 sites and 500 million hourly observations from 1971–2015, approximately 2200 sites and 200 million hourly observations pass screening as high-quality sites in regionally representative locations that are appropriate for use in global model evaluation. There is generally good data volume since the start of air quality monitoring networks in 1990 through 2013. Ozone observations are biased heavily toward North America and Europe with sparse coverage over the rest of the globe. This data set is made available for the purposes of model evaluation as a set of gridded metrics intended to describe the distribution of ozone concentrations on monthly and annual timescales. Metrics include the moments of the distribution, percentiles, maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8), sum of means over 35 ppb (daily maximum 8-h; SOMO35), accumulated ozone exposure above a threshold of 40 ppbv (AOT40), and metrics related to air quality regulatory thresholds. Gridded data sets are stored as netCDF-4 files and are available to download from the British Atmospheric Data Centre (doi:10.5285/08fbe63d-fa6d-4a7a-b952-5932e3ab0452). We provide recommendations to the ozone measurement community regarding improving metadata reporting to simplify ongoing and future efforts in working with ozone data from disparate networks in a consistent manner.
ClimateLearn: A machine-learning approach for climate prediction using network measures
Authors: Feng Qing Yi , Vasile Ruggero , Segond Marc , Gozolchiani Avi , Wang Yang , Abel Markus , Havlin Shilomo , Bunde Armin , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. We present the toolbox ClimateLearn to tackle problems in climate prediction using machine learning techniques and climate network analysis. The package allows basic operations of data mining, i.e. reading, merging, and cleaning data, and running machine learning algorithms such as multilayer artificial neural networks and symbolic regression with genetic programming. Because spatial temporal information on climate variability can be efficiently represented by complex network measures, such data are considered here as input to the machine-learning algorithms. As an example, the toolbox is applied to the prediction of the occurrence and the development of El Niño in the equatorial Pacific, first concentrating on the occurrence of El Niño events one year ahead and second on the evolution of sea surface temperature anomalies with a lead time of three months.
Implementation of state-of-the-art ternary new particle formation scheme to the regional chemical transport model PMCAMx-UF in Europe
Authors: Baranizadeh Elham , Murphy Benjamin N. , Julin Jan , Falahat Saeed , Reddington Carly L. , Arola Antti , Mikkonen Santtu , Fountoukis Christos , Patoulias David , Minikin Andreas , Hambuger Thomas , Laaksonen Ari , Pandis Spyros N. , Vehkamäki Hanna , Lehtinen Kari E. J. , Riipinen Ilona
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The particle formation scheme within PMCAMx-UF, a three dimensional chemical transport model, was updated with particle formation rates for the ternary H2SO4-NH3-H2O pathway simulated by the Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC) using quantum chemical input data. The model was applied over Europe for May 2008, during which the EUCAARI-LONGREX campaign was carried out providing aircraft vertical profiles of aerosol number concentrations. The updated model reproduces the observed number concentrations of particles larger than 4 nm within one order of magnitude throughout the atmospheric column. This reasonable agreement is very encouraging considering the fact that no semi-empirical fitting was needed to obtain realistic particle formation rates. The cloud adjustment scheme for modifying the photolysis rate profiles within PMCAMx-UF was also updated with the TUV (Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible) radiative transfer model. Results show that although the effect of the new cloud adjustment scheme on total number concentrations is small, enhanced new particle formation is predicted near cloudy regions. This is due to the enhanced radiation above and in the vicinity of the clouds, which in turn leads to higher production of sulfuric acid. The sensitivity of the results to including emissions from natural sources is also discussed.
Comparing statistical and process-based flow duration curve models in ungauged basins and changing rain regimes
Authors: Müller M. F. , Thompson S. E.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The prediction of flow duration curves (FDCs) in ungauged basins remains an important task for hydrologists given the practical relevance of FDCs for water management and infrastructure design. Predicting FDCs in ungauged basins typically requires spatial interpolation of statistical or model parameters. This task is complicated if climate becomes non-stationary, as the prediction challenge now also requires extrapolation through time. In this context, process-based models for FDCs that mechanistically link the streamflow distribution to climate and landscape factors may have an advantage over purely statistical methods to predict FDCs. This study compares a stochastic (process-based) and statistical method for FDC prediction in both stationary and non-stationary contexts, using Nepal as a case study. Under contemporary conditions, both models perform well in predicting FDCs, with Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients above 0.80 in 75 % of the tested catchments. The main drivers of uncertainty differ between the models: parameter interpolation was the main source of error for the statistical model, while violations of the assumptions of the process-based model represented the main source of its error. The process-based approach performed better than the statistical approach in numerical simulations with non-stationary climate drivers. The predictions of the statistical method under non-stationary rainfall conditions were poor if (i) local runoff coefficients were not accurately determined from the gauge network, or (ii) streamflow variability was strongly affected by changes in rainfall. A Monte Carlo analysis shows that the streamflow regimes in catchments characterized by frequent wet-season runoff and a rapid, strongly non-linear hydrologic response are particularly sensitive to changes in rainfall statistics. In these cases, process-based prediction approaches are favored over statistical models.
Impacts of land-use intensification on litter decomposition in western Kenya
Authors: Kagezi G. H. , Kaib M. , Nyeko P. , Bakuneeta C. , Schädler M. , Stadler J. , Brandl R.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Tropical forests are faced with a substantial loss of forest cover due to human activities. The various forms of land use influence habitat structure, microclimate, and co-occurring species, with possible effects on ecosystem processes. The forests of western Kenya are the most eastern parts of the Congolian rainforests. Due to the high human population density only few remnants of these rainforests remained. Even protected areas are influenced by human disturbances, with unknown effects on ecosystem processes. Therefore, we quantified the mass loss of leaf litter with and without access of soil invertebrates within forest fragments and sites affected by increasing levels of agricultural land-use intensity in the Kakamega area (western Kenya; 1500 m a.s.l.). Mass loss of litter as an estimate of decomposition rate increased with rainfall during the annual cycle. Furthermore, mass loss increased with the area of forest fragments and decreased with land-use intensification. We found that soil invertebrates had only small effects on mass loss (< 10 %), and this effect decreased with land-use intensification. Our data showed that forest fragmentation has negative effects on litter decomposition. However, the magnitude of this negative effect was not as large as expected.
La extensión Universitaria: consideraciones para la construcción de indicadores de extensión
Authors: Ramón López Mario
Published: February 2016

El sistema universitario dirigido por el Consejo Nicaragüense de Universidades (CNU) está buscando integrar las tres dimensiones sustantivas de las universidades como lo son: la docencia, Investigación y Extensión. Este proceso en marcha y las autoridades encargadas de la función de extensión realizan debates y reuniones para consensuar y construir indicadores de dicha función de extensión. Un acuerdo metodológico organizativo para integrar no es un proceso de la noche a la mañana, se requiere consenso y participación. Por otra parte, el gobierno está presionando al sistema universitario para que alinee su quehacer hacia el plan nacional de desarrollo humano PNDH en la búsqueda de la pertinencia social de dicha función ante un mundo cambiante y globalizanteREICE Vol.3(6) 2015: 37-54
La cadena de mercadeo del queso de la Cooperativa Agroindustria Masiguito R.L.
Authors: Cárcamo Gaitán Walter Iván
Published: February 2016

El presente ensayo contempla los aspecto agroindustriales, económicos y comerciales de la cadena de distribución o conocida también como cadena de comercialización de la cooperativa Masiguito R.L. El objetivo es analizar la cadena de comercialización del queso de la cooperativa y como objetivo específico es identificar los eslabones de la cadena productiva del queso en el mercado agropecuario. A su vez determinar la importancia agroindustrial del queso para a la economía campesina y valorar el márgenes de comercialización de la cooperativa y la parte del agricultor de precio final del queso La metodología de estudio fue documenta con visitas en el sitio donde está a cooperativa. Se ha encontrado que esta es una cooperativa insertada en canales de comercialización nacionales e internacionales muy dinámicos. Se encontró que la cooperativa opera en un mercado de alto margen de ganancia neta y que los productores ganaderos participan de la cadena como suplidores con una participación medianamente alta en leche fluida y con baja participación en el nivel de procesamiento, esto es en la fase de valor agregado.REICE Vol.3(6) 2015: 216-237
Formação do acervo da academia imperial de belas artes e o papel das comissões de professores
Authors: Godoy Rosani , Thiesen Icléia
Published: February 2016

Introdução: O artigo objetiva demonstrar os processos de formação do acervo da Biblioteca da Academia Imperial de Belas Artes (AIBA), analisando a forma como eram realizadas as aquisições e as providências tomadas, caracterizando o que hoje chamaríamos de “política de aquisição de acervo”, pelos dirigentes da AIBA. 

Objetivo: Evidenciar o papel das Comissões de Professores no processo de seleção do acervo.

Metodologia: Centrada na leitura, análise de conteúdo e interpretação de fontes primárias, como ofícios e Relatórios Anuais, datados de 1832 a 1888, enviados pelos dirigentes da AIBA ao Ministro da Educação e Instrução Publica, documentos históricos do arquivo do Museu D. João VI, entre outros.

Resultados: Revelam práticas biblioteconômicas sendo realizadas na Biblioteca da AIBA desde o início do século XIX, como a existência de Comissões de Professores que realizavam pareceres sobre as obras a serem incorporadas ao acervo durante o processo de seleção.
Conclusões: A “Política de aquisição”, ao que tudo indica, foi bem-sucedida por ter a AIBA investido na aquisição e no incentivo à doação de obras de interesse à formação do artista e ter como selecionadores diretores e secretários, com o apoio de uma Comissão de Professores, formando artistas de renome que representaram a Arte no país.
Exploration on Cultivation of Critical Thinking in College Intensive Reading Course
Authors: Tang Lingying
Published: February 2016

Critical thinking has drawn great concern from researchers in America and western world since 1980s. Chinese researchers have come to realize the fundamental function of critical thinking for innovation. However, it does not take effect to cultivate students’ critical thinking in English classroom. English classroom activities are generally designed for students to memorize, imitate, recite. The cultivation of students’ critical thinking has been ignored. Chinese college students generally can speak out some sentences but lack in-depth ideas and practical ability to solve problems. They suffer from emotional literacy. This research aims to foster college students’ critical thinking skills by designing some classroom activities regarding college intensive reading course in English classroom. But there are some deficiencies in this research such as lack of empirical studies to testify its positive effect.
Passiv og passiverbarhed på dansk og tysk
Authors: Lauridsen Ole
Published: February 2016

It is a general and undoubtedly true assumption that the passive has a higher frequency in Danish than in German. One of the reasons for this is that the Danish language allows passivization to a much larger degree than does the German, not least because of its special -s-passive. In both languages passivization depends on the non-identity of the grammatical subject and the semantic case objective; in Danish all verbs with this feature are fundamentally passivizable, in German only when besides that they involve an element of controllability. This fact reflects special historical circumstances, developed from reflexive constructions as a substitute for the crumbling medium, the -s-passive in its inmost essence does not demand an agent and was therefore originally attached only to non-agentive verbs. On the other hand the complex passive (the blive-/werden-passive) seems originally to have been used only in connection with agentive verbs; the German language did not develop a new passive after the disappearance of the medium and consequently only verbs, the contents of which can at least be controlled by the subject, were absorbed in the periphrastic passive.
Overvejelser omkring princippperne for en syntaktisk-semantisk kontrastiv analyse af modalverberne i moderne engelsk og dansk
Authors: Lauridsen Karen M.
Published: February 2016

The present paper deals with the principles of a syntactico-semantic constrastive analysis exemplified by the author's project concerning a semantic subcategorization of modality and a constrastive analysis has been established for the project along the following lines: the categories are defined as Boolean, imprecise categories, and the semantic categorization is established by means of a combination of, on the one hand, the distinction between epistemic and non-epistemic modality, and on the other hand, the modal operators possibility and necessity. The categories are thus defined by means of cross-linguistic logico-semantic criteria and are well suited as tertium comparationis in an analysis of language specific modal expressions such as the modal verbs.
(Tomme) NPer i moderne generativ syntaktisk teori (1. del)
Authors: Jacobsen Bent
Published: February 2016

The present paper takes its point of departure in the concept of empty NP-categories, as this is embodied in a more comprehensive theory of NPs. The theoretical framework adopted is mainly that expouned in Chomsky: Lextures on Government and Binding (1981) and subsequent works (though no attempt has been made to incorporate the revised model presented in Chomsky: Barriers (1986)). The paper gives a brief introduction to the main modules of a modern generative grammar (X-bar syntax;0-theory; government (including proper government and the Extended Empty Category Principle); the theory of abstract Case; the theory of Binding; and the theory of Bouding). The paper falls into two parts. In the first part the basic modules and principles are introduced. In the second part, to be published in the next issue of Hermes, it will be shown how these modules interact in the derivation of sentences. Particular attention will be paid to NP-Movement and Wh-Movement. A separate section will deal with the status of PRO. The full bibliography appears after both parts.
Hvad er erhvervssproglig forskning?
Authors: Kromann Hans-Peder
Published: February 2016

During the 80'es the professional, or rather, special language research in Denmark has enjoyed political and economic support. This actualizes the need for a definition of "special language research". Danish linguistics is institutionally divided into special and ordinary linguistics. Internationally this is not typical, and it is inexpedient because of the interdependency between the two fields. Among the initial difficulties of the 15 years old special language research the most important seems to be a missing link between traditional linguistics and non-linguistic professional research. The project "Special language communication", financed by the Danish Research Council for the Humanities, should provide this missing link.
Fagsprogsforskning i Sovjetunionen
Authors: Mikkelsen Hans Kristian
Published: February 2016

The author intends to describe main trends in Soviet special language research, which is conceived of as an integrated part of general linguistic stylistics. This style conception can be traced back to the 20'es, though its contemporary functional form mainly can be attributed to V.V. Vinogradov (late 50'es and early 60'es). The following stages can be seen in the exploration of the five functional styles (scientific, official-business, publicistic, colloquial, and artistic): 1) uncovering of special lexical, grammatical, and later, textual features from the individual styles, 2) explanation of these characteristics by means of extralinguistic factors, and 3) differentiation of microstyles within the main (macro-) styles.
DK87: Et korpus med dansk almensprog
Authors: Bergenholtz Henning
Published: February 2016

At the Aarhus School of Business a corpus of standard Danish has been established which contains 1 mio words divided into 200 texts of 5.000 words each. All the texts are original 1987 publications, 25% of them newspapers, 25% magazines and 50% fiction. Furthermore, three other corpora are under preparation: a corpus of Danish, French and English within the law of contract. The corpora are distributed free of charge to linguists under the following conditions: 1. The corpus may not be further distributed and 2. the corpus may not be used for commercial purposes. The corpus will be extended to a total of 5 mio words in the course of the coming five years.
Dansk-engelsk medicinsk ordbog. Generering af fagsprogsordbog fra glosekartotek
Authors: Pilegaard Morten
Published: February 2016

A status report on the transformation of an idiosyncratic word list into a special-purpose dictionary is given. Pending the inclusion of additional lemmas and a modification of entry design that challenges the current trend in special-purpose dictionaries, the work will result in the first Danish-English medical dictionary.
Opgaver og problemstillinger for dansk fagsprogsforskning
Authors: Kromann Hans-Peder
Published: February 2016

Intet abstract
Er fagordbøger et praktisk anvendeligt værktøj?
Authors: Gubba Wilhelm
Published: February 2016

An analysis of the requirements legitimately and necessarily imposed by practical users of LSP dictionaries and a critical account of the various instances in which compilers often fail to observe these requirements. The article hightlights the basic criteria recommended for successful compilation to achieve maximum utility and reliability of reference, including i.a. considerations in respect of arrangement, fullness of treatment, exemplification, cross-references where applicable, and indisputable exactness thus ensuring that the dictionary becomes a valuable tool in the process of solving complex bilingual problems.

In the last section the author recommends the establishment of a general, multi-purpose reference work at national level comprising both LSP language and common language elements. The difficulties of establishing such a project are appraised and possible solutions suggested.
Reklameoversættelse
Authors: Nielsen Anne Ellerup
Published: February 2016

Very few works on translation theory deal with the problems of translating adds and promotional texts. Most writers in this field are translators who focus on the difficulties of translating slogans. K. Reiss is one of the few who has established a typology of adds, but since she doesn't account for extra-textual features, she implicitly excludes a number of advertising and promotional means from the persuasive text type.

I therefore argue in favour of a discourse analytical approach in order to classify texts, as e.g. P. Charaudeau's semio-linguistic approach.
”Being Bilingual Means Being a Foreigner”. Categorizing Linguistic Diversity among Students in Danish Higher Education
Authors: Holmen Anne
Published: February 2016

One of the effects of the internationalization of Danish higher education is a more mobile and linguistically heterogeneous student population aiming at both the national and international labor market. At the same time efforts to increase participation in higher education among domestic students have resulted in a more diverse student body in terms of social and ethnic background. To some extent the two groups of students overlap, but they are treated very differently by the university administration. Whereas students with international experience are counted and categorized as such, and are offered language courses before going abroad or when arriving in Denmark, minority students are either part of the mainstream or identifi ed as in need of remedial courses. The latter does not correspond very well with the general shift towards more learner-centered approaches in higher education, which potentially opens up to a resource perspective on multilingual students’ language background. The present paper is a literature review focusing on the various labels used when categorizing students according to their linguistic background. The purpose of this is to raise awareness about labelling as a sensitive issue and to propose a multilingual pedagogical framework for students to benefit from their full language potential during their academic studies.
Changing Conceptions of the International Classroom and the Good Student?
Authors: Vinther Jane , Slethaug Gordon
Published: February 2016

The changing conception of international education and the instructors’ perception of the’ good student’ is the focus of this study. Differing teaching philosophies and pedagogies in diverse cultures mean different conceptions of the important qualities and appropriate behaviour of students. As the flow of migrating students increases globally, the classrooms become increasingly intercultural, students bring disparate competences and educational values with them, and traditional views on good teaching and good students are no longer ‘givens’.

When international students fill classrooms in countries far from their own, they risk not having their abilities perceived as being as valuable as those of home students. In the Nordic and Anglophone countries, there is a wellestablished credo of the ‘good student’ as independent and self-motivated – a belief usually ascribed to Western philosophies and traditions hailing back to Humboldt and his ideas of autonomy, freedom, and critical thinking. By contrast, many Asian cultures purportedly honour and respect the instructor’s opinion and established knowledge above the student’s. This study investigates the attitudes of instructors in Canada and Denmark towards these cultural perceptions through the lens of changes in internationalisation over time and space.

This study argues that, as a first step, instructors should become better grounded in and more explicit about their own traditions and cultural philosophies, so that they can build upon them for international teaching and learning. On the basis of responses from Canadian and Danish scholars, we aim to explore avenues towards a flexible, dynamic, and transnational conception of the good student.
Knowledge Asymmetry in Action
Authors: Jacobsen Ushma Chauhan
Published: February 2016

This article forges a connection between knowledge asymmetry and intercultural communication to challenge extant understandings of knowledge asymmetry as a static and stable condition that infl uences the processes and outcomes of interactive encounters that promote learning. The article draws its empirical material from ethnographic fieldwork at a training course on climate change that involved the participation of development practitioners, policy makers and civil servants working in broad professional arenas such as engineering, agriculture, water management and urban development in Sri Lanka, Kenya, Egypt, Bangladesh, Uganda, Tanzania, Vietnam and Denmark. The material is represented in the form of ethnographic vignettes to demonstrate knowledge asymmetry ‘in action’: how knowledge asymmetry is far from a static and stable condition, but rather how it emerges and disappears as participants summon, articulate, dismiss, ridicule, ignore or explore the rich pools of their culture/knowledge differences during the training course interaction. The article aligns itself to Barth’s (2002) conceptualization of culture as knowledge and to contemporary understandings of intercultural communication that privilege sensitivities to the webs of geo-historical relations and macro power and economic asymmetries that structure and inform intercultural relationships. The article also emphasizes the relevance of seeing knowledge asymmetry as a concept-metaphor (Moore 2004).
Conventions of Malaysian Grocery Store Service Encounters
Authors: Soong Gze-Peng , Ting Su-Hie
Published: February 2016

The study aims to describe the conventions of the Malaysian model of service encounters and contrast them to the model proposed by Halliday/Hasan (1985) by focusing on interactions between Chinese service providers and customers from different ethnic groups in a grocery store. A total of 120 service encounters (60 with Chinese customers, 60 with non-Chinese customers) were observed and audio-taped. Analysis of the service encounters showed that Sale Request, Sale, Purchase and Goods Handover are obligatory stages in the shop, but a low frequency of Greeting, Sale Initiation and Finis was found. The infrequent use of politeness features resembling interpersonal interactions indicates a taskfocussed interaction between the service provider and customer. The results also indicate some in/outgroup differences in the Chinese service providers’ interaction with their Chinese and non-Chinese customers. The service providers were more likely to engage in Greeting and Finis with Chinese customers, and Sale Initiation with non-Chinese customers, indicating a clearer service provider-customer role and a stronger task-focus in interactions with outgroup members. The stages that are more likely to be enacted non-linguistically are Sale Request, Purchase and Goods Handover. In the grocery store, customers often brought goods they wanted to purchase to the counter, making verbalisation of Sale Request unnecessary. The non-Chinese customers were more inclined to make non-verbal Sale Requests than Chinese customers, whereas service encounters with Chinese customers had relatively more frequent non-verbalised Sale Compliance and Sale stages. The possible relevance of in/outgroup relationship on non-verbal communication in service encounters needs further investigation.
The Reconceptualization of Academic Discourse as a Professional Practice in the Digital Age: A Critical Genre Analysis of TED Talks
Authors: Compagnone Antonio
Published: February 2016

This paper explores how academic discourse is reconceptualized as a professional practice via the web-mediated genre of TED talks (Technology, Entertainment and Design), popularizing speeches delivered by experts in fields that range from the ‘hard’ disciplines to the social sciences and the humanities. More precisely, this study compares two corpora of academic spoken discourse, i.e., a corpus of transcribed TED talks given by academics (TED_ac) and a corpus of university lecture transcripts (MICASE_lect) drawn from the Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English (MICASE) to understand how academics’ communicative purposes differ in these two settings. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of Critical Genre Analysis (Bhatia 2012) and Discourse Analysis (Goffman 1981; Fairclough 1989; Pennycook 1994; De Fina 1995; Benwell/Stokoe 2006; De Fina 2006), the present study sets out to investigate ways in which academics make use of language on the TED stage to achieve their “private intentions” as professionals (Bhatia 2012), e.g., building up their identity as experts as well as promoting their research and scholarship, rather than training a group of novices in their discipline or merely informing mass audiences. To this end, consideration is given to the distribution of first and second person pronouns in the two pragmatic contexts under investigation. Special emphasis is placed on referents and discourse functions of the pronoun we, which is significantly more frequent in TED_ac than in MICASE_lect. Despite its language-centered approach, this study has a marked sociological intent, as it casts light on an instance of academic discourse seen as an example of “professional practice” embedded in the wider context of a “professional culture” (Bhatia 2012).
Tema-rema struktur og oversættelse
Authors: Laursen Anna-Lise
Published: February 2016

This paper demonstrates how the Prague School theories of Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP) and Thematic Progression can be used to enlighten certain text-relevant aspects of the translation of the sentence. A model is presented which includes a solution to the FSP-related problem of language-specific grammatical word-order rules by means of a mix of parameters that takes care of the bipartition of the sentence into a thematic and a rhematic section. On the basis of the results of a previously conducted contrastive analysis of a corpus of Spanish and Danish newspaper articles, in which the thematic sections have been studied, it is argued that the divergent tendencies in the two corpora as to the realization of the thematic elements and the thematic progression can motivate certain adaptations of the thematic section in the translation process.
Grammar in Dictionaries of Languages for Special Purposes (LSP)
Authors: Mugdan Joachim
Published: February 2016

In general monolingual and bilingual dictionaries and in the lexicographical literature on them, grammatical information is given a growing amount of attention. By constrast, grammar plays a rather minor role in LSP dictionaries although many users need a good deal of grammatical guidance in the production and reception of LSP texts.
Interkulturel kommunikation og høflighed i anmodninger
Authors: Pilegaard Morten
Published: February 2016

This paper deals with aspects of intercultural communication and presents the theoretical basis for a study of linguistic politeness in the realization of requests in English with the aim of analyzing requests in intercultural business correspondence (Danish/English). the hypothesis is that Danes corresponding to English are lacking in pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic competence.
Sylfest Lomheim: Omsetjingsteori, Universitetsforlaget, Oslo 1989, 180 s.
Authors: Christensen Jørgen
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Klæder skaber folk: Om layout i ordbøger
Authors: Almind Richard , Bergenholtz Henning
Published: February 2016

Advertisements for dictionaries usually comment on the amount of information given, but few if any give any notion to the layout of the product. What fonts are used, what is the paper quality, and binding? We assume that the layout of a dictionary is quite important for the dictionary user, and we are therefore convinced that the lexicographer (who has to know about the needs of the dictionary user) should be more in control of the layout of his dictionary. With today's desktop publishing tools at hand the gap between printer and editor has lost some of its width and this calls for increased cooperation between the two. In this article we will try to prove this by examining and criticising a number of existing dictionaries and by giving some clues as to how layout can be like. The latter is exemplified by extracts from a few new dictionaries.
Lexicographic Macrostructures
Authors: Nielsen Sandro
Published: February 2016

The lexicographic macrostructure is not merely the arrangement of lemmata, but a structure which applies to the dictionary as a whole. For descriptive purposes, one distinction between the macrostructure of dictionaries is simple and complex macrostructures. On the basis of empirical evidence, suggestions are made in respect of the degree of complexity of lexicographic macrostructures and the interrelationship between or among the macrostructural components.
Fagspråk som forskningsdisiplin (2. del)
Authors: Andersen Øivin
Published: February 2016

This article deals with the object of study for LSP. After stressing the general importance of studying LSP (Language for Specific Purposes) (section 2), attention is focused on basic methods, models and definition types used in attempts at drawing a line of demarcation between LSP and LGP (Language for General Purposes) (section 3). Four alternative approaches to the relationship between LSP and terminology are discussed in section 4. In section 5 the object of study is discussed in more detail. The concept subject field is seen as being related to the concepts tacit knowledge and communicative competence. The article concludes that the most fruitful study of LSP is the themes or subject matter of texts.

The first part of this article has been printed in HERMES 3 (1989), pp. 73-98.
De aftaleretlige tekstkorpora - principper, pragmatiske løsninger og praksis
Authors: Rasmussen Kirsten Wølch
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
The relevance problem in the analysis of argumentative texts - A pragma-dialectical reconstruction
Authors: Van Eemeren Frans H. , Grootendorst Rob
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Hvad siger loven? - om retsreglerne som kommunikative handlinger
Authors: Schack Jørgen
Published: February 2016

Law of contract is concerned with what may be called "the promising game" as it contains the rules which constitute the act of "making a promise". Law of contract thus resembles the traditional speech act theory of Austin and Searle. According to speech act theory, to primise is to utter a conventional formula in approproate circumstances: what makes an utterance a promise are certain conventional rules involving features of the context.
Guillermo Rojo & Tomás Jiménez Juliá: Fundamentos del análisis sintáctico functional. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 1989. 150 p. (Lalia; 2. Seire Lingüística) ISBN 84-7191-524-3
Authors: Jensen Kjær
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Editorial
Authors: The editors The editors
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Skriften på væggen
Authors: Arndt Hans
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Towards the ideal special language translation dictionary
Authors: Mikkelsen Hans Kristian
Published: February 2016

In order to approach the ideal special language translation dictionary, a functional approach is preferred to a structural one. Functionality can be measured by means of the relevance principle, known from the theory of relevance. Through a relevance-based analysis of prototypical special language terminological dictionaries and general language translation dictionaries it is concluded that by taking over the relevant criteria from these, it should be possible to conceive the ideal special language translation dictionary.
Arntz, Reiner/Heribert Picht: Einführung in die Terminologiearbeit. Hildesheim, Zürich, New York: Georg Olms Verlag 1989. 344 Seiten.
Authors: Mikkelsen Hans Kristian
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Bach, Svend/Jørgen Schmitt Jensen, Større italiensk grammatik. København: Munksgaard 19990. viii + 759 s.
Authors: Herslund Michael
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Functional Grammar in Denmark
Authors: Jensen Kjær
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
La linguistique du texte dans quelques langues de specialité
Authors: Blumenthal Peter
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Zwei- und mehrsprachige Fachwörterbücher - Prolegomena zu Theorie und Praxis der Fachlexikographie
Authors: Rossenbeck Klaus
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Wohltemperierte Überlegungen zu einer weiteren deutschen Grammatik
Authors: Lauridsen Ole , Poulsen Sven-Olaf
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
The BBI Combinatory Dictionary of English: A Guide to Word Combinations. Compiled by Morton Benson, Evelyn Benson and Robert Ilson. John Benjamins Publishing Company/Munksgaards Ordbøger, Amsterdam/Philadelphia 1986
Authors: Poulsen Sonja
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Orlando Galindo: Erhvervs- og økonomiordbog - Dictionnaire économique et de l'entreprise - Dansk-Fransk Danois-Français. GTO Forlag 1990, 284 sider
Authors: Duvå Grete
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Davidsen-Nielsen, Niels: Tense and Mood in English. A Comparison with Danish. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin/New York 1990. Topics in English Linguistics 1. x + 224 pp.
Authors: Lauridsen Karen M.
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Kjær Jensen: Spansk basisgrammatik. Akademisk Forlag. Århus, 1990
Authors: Denver Louise
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Oversættelse af komposita i fagsproglige tekster (Eng-da/da-eng)
Authors: Jakobsen Arnt Lykke
Published: February 2016

No abstract.