bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Here/There, Now/Then, Both/And
Authors: Howard June
Published: May 2017

Reading Edith Wharton’s Old New York through the genre of regionalism reveals the complexity of her cosmopolitanism, and strengthens the case for reading the volume as a unified work. The chapter discusses relevant aspects of the cultural history of the decades in which the four stories are set (such as the associations of tuberculosis in “False Dawn” and the ormolu clock in “The Old Maid”) and reviews the early publication history of each story and the collection. Close readings trace how Wharton connects and contrasts the United States and Europe (especially New York City and Italy) and puts their correspondences with historical eras into play—challenging received notions of progress and the assumption that cultivated taste correlates with integrity. The chapter argues that the way Old New York maps time onto place enables the projection of alternative values within a work that remains publishable and legible in its own moment.
Introduction
Authors: Skinner Lee
Published: May 2017

Distinguishing between the physical phenomena of modernization and the rhetorical conditions of modernity, this chapter argues that during the nineteenth century in Spanish America, men and women took advantage of the rhetoric of modernity in order to attach their own, sometimes very different, agendas to discourses about modernity and that they responded to modernity based on their attitudes about gender. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of the field of cultural production, the chapter explains the book’s inclusion of multiple texts. It argues that the malleability of the discourses of modernity enables writers to use gender as a staging-ground for ideas about national progress and also to advance arguments about the importance of women in the nation.
Constructions of Domesticity
Authors: Skinner Lee
Published: May 2017

The chapter argues that discourses of domesticity were connected to modernizing ideals, resistance to social change, and conflicts over gender and family roles, and these meanings often existed simultaneously and even within the same text or cultural product. Nineteenth-century men and women created images of domestic life to present arguments about the many issues to which they related domesticity and to promote ideas about the potential or actual roles for women in society at large. By claiming continuity between the home and the nation, authors of domestic narratives made the case for the importance of women’s role in constructing and maintaining the nation. The division between private and public space gave rise to domestic discourse and the theme of the angel in the house but because that division was rhetorical, many writers envisioned a connectedness between the two realms that allowed for the possibility of women’s seamless movement from the domestic to the public realm. Magazines from Mexico and El Salvador are analysed along with Ignacio Altamirano’s El Zarco, Soledad Acosta de Samper’s novels Laura and Una holandesa en América, and short stories and Cocina ecléctica by Juana Manuela Gorriti.
New Technologies, New Work
Authors: Skinner Lee
Published: May 2017

This chapter argues that towards the end of the nineteenth century in Spanish America the acceleration of technological innovation and the development of a middle class created new opportunities for middle-class women to enter the labor market. Although women increasingly worked outside the home, writers typically sent the message that women’s work is not valuable or important, that women should avoid work, especially paid work, as much as possible, and that men should help them stay out of the labor force and the capitalist job market. This chapter reads these statements as contesting certain discourses of modernity from the metropolis that privileged women’s entry into the public sphere via paid employment as a vital component of the modernizing project and as taking advantage of modernity’s newfound emphasis on domesticity. Technologies of transportation (trains) and communication (telephones) in Matto de Turner’s Aves sin nido, Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera’s La novela del tranvía, the Chilean journals Zig-Zagand Familia, and the Guatemalan La Ilustración Guatemalteca. Depictions of work, consumer culture, and gender in Gorriti’s La oasis en la vida, César Duáyen’s Mecha Iturbe and Federico Gamboa’s Santa are also analysed.
Placemaking in the Algonquian Chesapeake
Authors: Gallivan Martin D. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: May 2017

Chapter 3 considers Virginia Algonquian place names, concluding that the Tsenacomacoh landscape was understood and labelled from the vantage of a canoe. Place names typically referenced navigation along and across rivers as well as favoured locations for fishing and for gathering wild, wetland plants. Such representations of space and of mobility hint that Tsenacomacoh was constructed on an estuarine landscape initially inhabited by forager-fishers. The rivers, streams, and embayed waters of the Chesapeake estuary provided the primary pathways connecting places in this setting. Algonquian place names framed travel through Tsenacomacoh’s waterscape, resulting in naming practices keyed to the dynamic interface between dry land and tidal water.
Arrival in the Wide Land
Authors: Gallivan Martin D. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: May 2017

Chapter 4 discusses how the Virginia Algonquian landscape first coalesced as a result of population movements and social interactions involving different communities of hunter gatherers during the early centuries A.D. As documented within the Kiskiak site, the archaeology of this period records the appearance of new settlement forms, subsistence practices, and a ceramic tradition shared across a broad swath of the coastal Middle Atlantic. Historical linguistic studies raise the possibility that these developments resulted from the rapid replacement of indigenous foragers by newly arrived Algonquian speakers migrating from the north. The archaeological record on the James-York peninsula, by contrast, documents the coexistence for several centuries of distinct communities of practice linked to different material traditions. The archaeology of interior encampments and of riverine settlements with shell middens points toward seasonal movement between places where forager-fishers gathered for events that involved feasting, exchange, and intermarriage. These spatial practices introduced during the second century A.D. signalled an emphasis on estuarine settings that has oriented Native history in the Chesapeake to the present day.
Persistent Places in Colonial Tsenacomacoh
Authors: Gallivan Martin D. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: May 2017

Chapter 7 addresses the enduring power of place in the Virginia Algonquian spatial imaginary. Resistance to colonists’ encroachment on traditional lands, burial grounds, and sacred spaces took the form of coordinated revolts in 1622 and 1644. These Powhatan uprisings resulted in English retaliation and further Native loss of life and land. And yet, archaeological evidence from this period indicates that Virginia Algonquians made pilgrimages to persistent places to bury ancestors, sacrifice animals, and inter objects, even after the residential population had departed. The continuation of such practices in colonial Tsenacomacoh contradicts a narrative of abandonment, acculturation, and disappearance.
Epilogue
Authors: Gallivan Martin D. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: May 2017

The epilogue closes the volume by considering ways that contemporary Native communities in the region have assumed an activist role and begun to reclaim a greater part in representations of their pasts. Virginia and Maryland tribes have achieved state recognition, partnered with federal and state agencies, reburied ancestors, created indigenous archaeology programs, and prevented the destruction of traditional cultural properties by residential development and dam construction. For today’s Native communities in the Chesapeake, the deep history of Tsenacomacoh represents a powerful basis for reaffirming a place on the landscape.
The Isthmus Challenged and Fortified, 1540–1738
Authors: Delgado James P. , Mendizábal Tomás , Hanselmann Frederick H. , Rissolo Dominique
Published: May 2017

Chapter 3 provides an overview of initial Spanish settlement of the isthmus, competing colonial powers, the rise of new settlements, the construction of fortifications, and the rise of the isthmus as a link in global trade.
Buccaneers, Pirates, the Morgan Attack, and the Scottish at Darién
Authors: Delgado James P. , Mendizábal Tomás , Hanselmann Frederick H. , Rissolo Dominique
Published: May 2017

Chapter 4 details the various assaults on Panamá by pirates, the sack of Panamá in 1671 by Henry Morgan, the rise of a new Panamá, and the brief Scottish settlement at Darién.
The Isthmus during and after the “Fiebre del Oro,” 1849–1861
Authors: Delgado James P. , Mendizábal Tomás , Hanselmann Frederick H. , Rissolo Dominique
Published: May 2017

Chapter 6 examines the reinstatement of the isthmus into global maritime trade as a result of the California Gold Rush, tracing the impacts of that reengagement on Panamá, including de facto American colonization and the construction of the Panamá Railroad.
Ancient Imperial Frontiers and the Inka
Authors: Alconini Sonia
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores how current perceptions of the nature of ancient imperial frontiers differ. It also includes a brief theoretical overview of the different kinds of ancient imperial frontiers across a spectrum of possibilities. This chapter is valuable for those scholars studying ancient imperialism, the associated frontier socioeconomic processes, and the importance of frontier studies in the study of ancient empires in the Old and New Worlds.
Ethnohistory
Authors: Alconini Sonia
Published: May 2017

In chapter 3, relevant ethnohistorical accounts that describe the Inka conquest and the indigenous frontier inhabitants of the Southeastern Andes are provided in order to contextualize this investigation. This section also examines the economic and ideological motivations that prompted the Guaraní-Chiriguano invasion, as well as the reactions of the indigenous polities to those events.
At the Frontier Edge
Authors: Alconini Sonia
Published: May 2017

Chapter 6 explores the nature of the eastern Khosko Toro mountain region situated at the frontier margin. Using a regional scale perspective, this chapter offers a brief overview of the ecology, and then examines the settlement dynamics and effects of the Inka conquest. In light of these changes, the spatial distribution of the Inka defensive facilities and cultural materials is also explored in order to understand the broader frontier dynamics.
Introduction
Authors: Alconini Sonia
Published: May 2017

This book seeks to understand the range of socioeconomic processes that took place in the ancient Southeastern Inka frontier and the agency of the frontier populations in those situations. This information is invaluable for assessing how Inka imperial institutions and practices were adapted to volatile frontier areas and their effects on the lives of the border residents....
Crisis Calls for a New Diary Audience and Purpose
Authors: Lounsberry Barbara
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the first three diaries in Woolf’s second stage and the key acts they disclose. Inordinate diary-writing begins in the fall of 1917, the most intensive in Woolf’s 44-year diary history. She keeps now two diaries, a city diary and a country diary, and writes in both diaries on seventeen days. In July 1918, she brings her city diary to the country and begins to fuse her two diaries. Nature and culture, the unconscious and conscious, female and male join. In August 1918, Woolf recognizes in the open-ended cantos of Byron’s Don Juan, the “elastic shape” and the “random haphazard galloping” style she has been using in her diary as a form and a “method” with artistic benefits. However, in early November 1918 a crisis occurs: withdrawal of female support. Woolf responds with an extraordinary salvaging move. She creates a new audience and purpose for her diary, replacing her aging female now-detractors with “Elderly Virginia.” She now will parent herself. With this move, she offers her diary credo in her 1919 diary and enters her mature second diary stage. She reads Wilfrid Scawen Blunt’s anti-war, anti-imperialist diaries and finds there ammunition for Three Guineas.
Epilogue
Authors: Lounsberry Barbara
Published: May 2017

A crisis in November 1918 propels Woolf into her second diary stage: that of her thirteen mature, spare, modernist diaries, 1918 to 1929. These semiprivate diaries reveal her steady growth into her distinctive modernist style. She reaches toward new realms with her 1920 diary, turning inward toward the soul and also toward literature. She moves closer to her distinctive voice and activates her rhythmic “turn-and-turn-about” movement in her 1922 and 1923 diaries. Woolf pares her diary entries and begins to flower into poetry in 1924. Most notably, she never stops her intellectual and artistic stretch. Others’ diaries refresh her across the 1920s—and supply rich matter for modernist use. Several of Woolf’s most memorable modernist phrases, images, and moments are offered to her in multiple diaries: the lighthouse, “a room of one’s own,” Professor von X, and Judith Shakespeare. Other elements she borrows from just one diary: Mrs. Ramsay and summer holidays at the Scottish seaside with “a large and clever family,” the figure moved to the middle of a painting, £500, and “derision.” A cornerstone of Woolf’s genius was her understanding of the treasure residing in diaries and her ability to absorb that bounty and transmute it into art.
Introduction
Authors: Roksandic Ivan
Published: May 2017

In the past three decades, Caribbean archaeology has metamorphosed from its relative obscurity to a discipline “riding on the wave of an exponential curve” (Keegan 1994). On the one hand, this recent revival of interest stems from the region’s position at the crossroads, posing questions that transcend the boundaries of academia and address issues of colonialism and underdevelopment (...
An Archaeological Overview of the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua
Authors: Navarro SagrArio Balladares , Ríos Leonardo Lechado
Published: May 2017

Nicaragua's Caribbean coast is one of the archaeologically least known regions in the Circum-Caribbean. The first archaeological data obtained there were produced only in the nineteen-seventies in the works of the American researcher Richard Magnus and the Nicaraguan archaeologist Jorge Espinoza. Before that, all we had were descriptive data incorporated in the chronicles and narratives by travelers and explorers. However, between 1998 and 2006, several joint studies of the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) and the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN, Managua) focused on the sites on the Atlantic Coast. Further research was carried on from 2012 to 2014 through joint efforts of the BICU-CIDCA University in Bluefields and the UNAN. As a result, an important number of archaeological sites was documented, both shell-matrix sites located in the ancient coastal areas and agricultural sites associated with complex settlements. This new project also confirmed through 14C dating that the Angie shell midden, one of the oldest reported sites in Central America, is more than 6000 years old.
Food Preparation and Dietary Preferences among the Arawak Aboriginal Communities of Cuba
Authors: Herrera Ulises M. González
Published: May 2017

Food procurement and consumption practices represent an important aspect of a culture and the identity of its bearers. Indigenous communities used a wide variety of approaches for the collection, preparation and consumption of food, determined by an interplay of ancestral traditions, climate, and social relationships established by the ample mosaic of ethnic groups settled in the continental and insular territories. This chapter examines the ethnohistorical strategies, forms of food preparation and its consumption, as well as dietary preferences among Arawak Aboriginal communities in Cuba. It critically evaluates and systematizes the information provided by the early chroniclers in the West Indies (late 15th and early 16th centuries), in order to compare them with the data gathered through archaeological excavations, taking into consideration various paleodietary analyses, as well as the most recent census of faunal remains associated with the sites on the island. It also examines the contributions of the indigenous heritage in the shaping of contemporary Cuban culinary preferences.
Los Indios de Campeche
Authors: Yaremko Jason M.
Published: May 2017

From the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries, thousands of indigenous peoples from a spectrum of cultures embarked, voluntarily and involuntarily, on journeys from their homelands in a number of regions in the continental Americas to the European colonies of the Circum-Caribbean. They came as refugees, slaves, diplomats, and traders, and also as indentured laborers and as immigrants. Among the earliest arrivals were the Mayas of Yucatan in the largest island colony in the Caribbean, Cuba. In the course of the next four centuries, Cuba would become the principal destination for what was probably the largest influx of indigenous peoples - especially Mayas, Chichimecas, and other Mesoamerican peoples - from the mainland colonies of New Spain in the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries, and then from the independent republic of Mexico in the nineteenth century. Through the analysis of historical, anthropological, archaeological, and oral evidence, this chapter examines the varied forms of migration, existence, struggles, adaptation, negotiation, and persistence of various Mayan individuals, groups and communities in colonial Cuba, toward an understanding of the dynamic and implications of this indigenous diaspora in the Caribbean. Amerindian passages to Cuba predated the other (African; Chinese) diasporas, eventually intersecting with them through transculturation.
Introduction
Authors: Chenoweth John M. , Delle James A. , Bates Lynsey A.
Published: May 2017

The authors in this volume use innovative techniques and perspectives to reveal stories of spaces and times where the rules of the sugar lords did not always apply. Some of these “spaces in between” hide within plantation landscapes and some are revealed by alternate views of landscapes dominated by the plantation economy. These time periods and sites have received less attention than the experience of being an enslaved person on a large sugar estate in part because the latter was a very common life of an inhabitant of the Caribbean and because of the rich documentary resources associated with large plantations.
Dimensions of Space and Identity in an Emancipation-Era Village
Authors: Meniketti Marco
Published: May 2017

A map of Nevis drawn in 1871, indicated three postemancipation African Villages. Landscape survey was conducted to locate the site of Morgan’s Village. Artifacts at the presumed site suggested a strong pre-emancipation component. The Morgan’s site represents an important period on Nevis history; the transitional phase from colonial slave-based plantations to an economy with wage-labor and a free citizenry experimenting in a mature, agro-industrial capitalist mode. This was a period of nascent post-colonialism setting the stage for emergent Nevisian identity. The Morgan’s site is at 985 feet elevation associated with the ruins of Morgan Estate. The village site promised insights into the period between 1833 when the “apprentice period” ended and the 1870s as new economic and social relationships coalesced, and were mediated by global events. What was encountered instead was a village seemingly abandoned soon after emancipation, suggesting a dynamic not previously appreciated. Two historic roads bisected the site, with stacked dry-stone walls in situ. Terraces on the steeply sloped hill supported stone house platforms and rectangular dry-stone foundations. Small furrowed agricultural plots were still visible and ceramics offered clues to daily life. Preliminary analysis suggests a pre-emancipation community that evolved with the changing times.
The Naked Word
Authors: Alaimo Stacy
Published: May 2017

The third chapter examines the significance of naked protest movements, arguing that by disrobing, they momentarily cast off the boundaries of the human. This allows for the imaging of corporeality not as a ground of static substance but as a place of possible connections, interconnections, actions, and ethical becomings. Exposing themselves, they dramatize how the material interchanges between human bodies, geographical places, and vast networks of power provoke ethical and political actions.
Climate Systems, Carbon-Heavy Masculinity, and Feminist Exposure
Authors: Alaimo Stacy
Published: May 2017

The fourth chapter investigates the significance of gender in relation to global warming, arguing that a feminist response to climate change must not only challenge the ostensibly universal, transcendent perspective of big science and the hegemonic masculinity of impenetrable, aggressive consumption, but also the tendency within feminist organizations and NGOs to reinforce gendered polarities, heteronormativity, and the view of nature as a resource for domestic use. The chapter offers a politics of “insurgent vulnerability,” biodiversity, and sexual diversity as an alternative
Downed By Friendly Fire
Authors: Fordham Signithia
Published: May 2017

Downed by Friendly Fire examines the ubiquity of violence and the need to rehabilitate its prevailing physical classification, especially as it relates to gender. The book seeks to change the meaning of violence by redefining it to include intended, nonphysical harm cloaked in the presumed banality of normality. Specifically, it looks at the social practices that dehumanize or are exploitative—either emotionally or physically—, which compels individuals to endure shame, humiliation, starvation, exclusion, marginalization, health disparities poverty, etc. This is done through the framework of the unmasking of female aggression, bullying, and competition that are evoked by the structural violence embedded in the racialized and gendered social order.
Violence—by Another Name?
Authors: Fordham Signithia
Published: May 2017

The Introduction recounts the experiences of the author in the study of racialized female-specific bullying, competition, and aggression in Black and White girls at the Underground Railroad High School. Describing a number of girls, the author demonstrates the tension between the two groups that is perpetuated by existing social norms and their social environment. It details the overall workings of the book in its examination of gender, race, and violence within the social sphere of schools.
Frenemies and Friendly Fire at Underground Railroad High
Authors: Fordham Signithia
Published: May 2017

The first chapter presents the theoretical framework of this book by foregrounding structural violence, highlighting the nexus between culturally approved hegemonic female- specific power and the reproduction of gender inequality. It looks through the prism of symbolic violence and the way its perceived ordinariness, normality, or blandness is implicated in its misrecognition among school officials and the entire student body. It is especially devoted to chronicling the anthropological theoretical claims shaping the ethnographic data presented in this book, especially as they are related to the society’s major social categories: race, class, and particularly the intersectionality of race and gender. It is here that the author begins to propose a theory of gender-specific competition in which the often hidden and/or misrecognized objective of female competition is to lose—in order to win.
Chloe
Authors: Fordham Signithia
Published: May 2017

The sixth chapter, following Chloe, details how a biracial student misrecognizes the violence embodied in socially approved normalcy and fails to connect her social problems to the structural violence endemic to the race and gender subordination documented in this book. Statusitis and her insatiable quest for hegemonic normalcy, especially regarding her hair, leads her to a kind of depression that is so severe she often finds it impossible to go to school.
Excavating, Resuscitating, and Rehabilitating Violence—by Another Name
Authors: Fordham Signithia
Published: May 2017

The conclusion of Downed by Friendly Fire briefly revisits the claims of symbolic and structural violence made in the earlier chapters, harvesting the narratives of the study participants for evidence of how each of them resists or embodies (or sometimes both embodies and resists) the imagined banality of normalcy. Moreover, it is where the authors makes the final case for the excavation, resuscitation and rehabilitation of violence—by another name.
The Child to Come
Authors: Sheldon Rebekah
Published: May 2017

The Child to Come reads American culture from the 1960s to the present as a period in which the anxious apprehension of nonhuman vitality has sought alleviation in the figure of the child. Yet the salvific life of the child only assuages to the degree that it also gives expression to the forces of nonhuman vitality it was fitted to capture. Drawing on arguments in the field of childhood studies about the interweaving of the child with the life sciences, the book argues that neither life nor the child are what they used to be. Under pressure from ecological change, artificial reproductive technology, genetic engineering, and the neoliberalization of the economy, the child no longer serves a biopolitical technology trained on sexual subjectivity. Instead, the contemporary, queerly-human child signals the ascendancy of a new episteme: the biopolitics of reproduction. Thus, subjectivity is far less crucial than the direct intervention into life itself within the paradigmatic locus of the pregnant woman and the sacred child.
Life
Authors: Sheldon Rebekah
Published: May 2017

The second chapter continues with the equation of the child in relation to the future, taking up the centrality of reproduction to any ethics premised on human survival. Through a reading of Joanna Russ’s 1977 novel We Who Are About To, it considers narrative structures that refuse generational survival and intergenerational rescue, as rescue requires everything to hold its shape, to remain as it is, long enough to be rescued. Therefore, it isn’t that the world is acausal but that causality is richer and stranger than rescue and survival narratives can imagine. Ideologies of reproduction are one of the modes by which we attempt to manage biological, chemical, and ontological affectivities.
Birth
Authors: Sheldon Rebekah
Published: May 2017

The fourth chapter asks why the figure of the child continues to circulate at all. What sentiments attaches to the child under conditions of neoliberalism and its regimes of flexible accumulation? Once upon a time, perhaps, the figure of the child served as a link between the domestic interior and the national domestic, therefore centralizing sexuality and reproduction as the basis for economic vitality and designating the vigor of the household as the mechanism by which the nation rises and falls. By analyzing Margaret Atwood’s 1985 The Handmaid’s Tale next to her MaddAddam trilogy, this chapter explores how humanity’s age of “somatic capitalism” (neoliberalism + biopolitics of reproduction) requires the constrained vitality offered by reproduction and its issues.
Labor
Authors: Sheldon Rebekah
Published: May 2017

The fifth chapter considers the anxious fantasy of life’s withdrawal in contemporary sterility apocalypses. These fantasmatic representations—principally Alfonso Cuarón’s Children of Men and the science fiction franchise Battlestar Galactica—hinge on the miraculously restored fertility of a woman of color. Ultimately, these works serve to highlight the history of racialized labor and enforced reproduction.
Beyond the Infinite, at Home in Finitude
Authors: Richmond Scott C.
Published: May 2017

The second chapter turns to the question of illusion in a sustained system. Attending closely to the illusion of bodily movement on offer in Kubrick’s 2001, the chapter argues that it demands a response different from the skepticism that usually attends discussions of illusion. Introducing antirepresentational phenomenology of the cinema, the chapter contends that a properly antiskeptical phenomenology of the cinema must, as its method (in its epochē), suspend the representational character of the cinematic image. It must cease to appeal to the lived experience, turning instead to a phenomenology of appearance.
Ecological Phenomenology
Authors: Richmond Scott C.
Published: May 2017

The third chapter introduces Gibson’s ecological approach to perception and develops it in relation to the cinematic illusion of bodily movement and the cinema more generally. Moving forward, it describes cinema’s perceptual work in ecological terms, developing one of the most important terms at length, ‘perceptual resonance’. Finally, the chapter shows how Gibson’s doctrine of perceptual resonance is profoundly complemented by Merleau-Ponty’s investigation of perceptual faith.
Aesthetics Beyond the Phenomenal
Authors: Richmond Scott C.
Published: May 2017

The sixth chapter considers Tony Conrad’s The Flicker, arguing that it leads the way to an aesthetics beyond the phenomenal, that is, an aesthetics—and a phenomenology—without experience as its organizing category. It shows the fundamental technicity of such inherence, how our presence in and presentness to the world are at once technically enabled and also technically transformed. In The Flicker aesthetics is not the experience or property of a spectator but rather distributed across both the organic body of the viewer and the inorganic technics of the cinema. It belongs to the coupling between them.
Conclusion The Technicity of the Cinema
Authors: Richmond Scott C.
Published: May 2017

Lastly, the conclusion of Cinema’s Bodily Illusions draws various strands of the book together in an analysis of the cinema as an aesthetic technics, in which the reflexivity and exorbitance of aesthetic perception is not the property of a subject, but is distributed across the viewer’s organic body and the inorganic system of the cinema in their coupling.
Bolted Beef and Bolted Pudding
Authors: Erby Kelly
Published: May 2017

In the second chapter, as economic opportunities in Boston continued to proliferate and diversify, men in various occupations–from factory workers to bankers–turned to eateries to provide convenience meals during the workday. It considers Boston's eating houses, which all aimed to provide straightforward noontime meals to men in a hurry. But there were many grades of eating houses, each catering to a different economic class of male diner. Class was also tied importantly to ethnic and racial difference. Distinctions in location, décor, service, and menu among various eating houses were all central to the standing of the patrons a particular establishment attracted, therefore significantly shaping a customer's dining experience. At the same time, all eating houses helped to construct new notions of urban masculinity and contributed to the creation of a more consumer-oriented society.
Roast, Chop Suey, and Beer
Authors: Erby Kelly
Published: May 2017

The fourth chapter discusses how, in the last decades of the century, as shifting mealtimes successfully postponed the main meal until after the workday was complete, a wider range of mixed-gender cafés opened that specialized in providing more relaxed evening meals to working- and middle-class Bostonians eager to take advantage of new opportunities for commercialized leisure. Many establishments, owned by the city's now even more heterogeneous population of immigrants, specialized in “ethnic” or foreign foods, fostering ethnic-class enclaves within a larger urban environment. Indeed, opening a restaurant represented an entrée to entrepreneurship and an avenue of economic mobility for immigrant proprietors. The city's growing assortment of ethnic restaurants helped to expose Bostonians of all backgrounds to new tastes and dining rituals. Throughout the nineteenth century, Boston's restaurants thus contributed to a dynamic consumer-oriented public culture and shaped a new understanding of the role of difference in American society and culture.
Ice Cream at Howard Johnson’s
Authors: Erby Kelly
Published: May 2017

In the epilogue of Restaurant Republic, the author traces the story of commercial dining in Boston into the early twentieth century and reviews the major points of the previous chapters. The findings will be useful to those interested in exploring relationships between food, culture, and identity in other cities, as well as in our own time.
Beyond Reform
Authors: Meiners Erica R.
Published: May 2017

Building from this political moment of reinvestment, restructuring, or rebalancing, the third chapter analyzes the logics surrounding Illinois’ prison and school closures to illustrate the value of critically analyzing reform practices, especially in those that mask carceral expansion.
Locations
Authors: LeCavalier Jesse
Published: May 2017

The third chapter inspects both the automation of city making and the geo-political possibilities of architecture itself by first tracing Walmart’s increasingly technologically sophisticated location strategies. Afterwards, it examines what happens to those strategies in practice.
Bodies
Authors: LeCavalier Jesse
Published: May 2017

The fourth chapter takes a wider view of the logistical environment in order to survey the range technologies that affect the human body itself. Inhabitants of distribution centers are subject to intense pressure to meet performance standards, all while increasingly inhabiting a world designed by and built for information management machines.
A Good Job Is Hard to Find
Authors: Karjanen David J.
Published: May 2017

The second chapter looks at the transformed labor market of the inner city, documenting the large expansion of low-wage, service class occupations, and the challenges inner city residents have finding a good job. There are many individuals with different skills and experiences that can or cannot move up the job ladder that each of their occupation offer. In short, the quality of one’s job matters; it can have a very strong effect on one’s occupational mobility over time, and ultimately one’s economic opportunities in the long run.
Do-It-Yourself Safety Nets
Authors: Karjanen David J.
Published: May 2017

The sixth chapter examines the ways that people provide for themselves within low-income communities in the absence of market-based or public sector solutions for everything from childcare to banking. Recalling previous chapters, the hospitality and retail industries are, on average, inadequate in terms of job quality. A lack of skills upgrading or experience, stagnant or falling wages, and limited career ladders make these industries less than appealing to many inner-city residents. As some move to the further margins of the economy, working informally to supplement their low wages or to drop out of the labor force entirely, they run into additional problems, like a lack of benefits and labor market attachment. This often makes it harder to return to a formal employment.
Asset Poverty and the High Cost of Fringe Banking
Authors: Karjanen David J.
Published: May 2017

The seventh chapter looks more closely at the challenges and costs of the lack of financial institutions within an inner city, and what the implications are for asset accumulation and economic stability. Despite a plethora of large banking establishments in the downtown area and a good concentration of retail banks, poorer adjacent neighborhoods in central San Diego have a dearth of retail banking. Financial services are available, but they are what are sometimes called “fringe banking.” These businesses typically have higher costs than conventional retail banks, but are often the only means that the urban and working poor can access financial services. Since obtaining critically important assets are critical for the urban poor, having a well-functioning financial services system to aid in this is crucial. Unfortunately, this is not the case.
Introduction
Authors: Shaw Ian G. R.
Published: May 2017

The introduction of Predator Empire presents an overview of the book, beginning by presenting the kinds of theoretical issues that are at stake together with a background on drone warfare.
The Rise of the Predator Empire in the Vietnam War
Authors: Shaw Ian G. R.
Published: May 2017

The second chapter presents a detailed history of the Vietnam War and argues that the conflict created a number of foundations for the rise of the Predator Empire. Three instances are of particular importance: the “electronic battlefield;” the practice of “manhunting;” and the use of drones for surveillance.
Full Spectrum Global Dominance
Authors: Shaw Ian G. R.
Published: May 2017

The third chapter looks at the spread of U.S. military control across the planet from the Cold War to the “war on terror.” It considers how various military infrastructures have been materialized across land, sea, and finally, outer space. It argues that all of these are becoming “dronified.”
Mobility, Migration, and the Future Asian City
Authors: Hirsh Max
Published: May 2017

Airport Urbanism concludes with an autobiographical account of the author's relocation to Singapore. Through observations of daily life and interviews with planning officials, the chapter demonstrates the urban design challenges entailed by the influx of short-term visitors and temporary migrants, who account for 40% of the city-state's population. The author argues that the current discipline of urban planning, as well as scholarly approaches to urban development in Asia, need to be reconceptualized in order to engage with the added demands that temporary inhabitants place on urban housing and transport systems. Ultimately, scholars, designers, and policymakers need to work together in order to explore how cities can productively accommodate a growing number of itinerant inhabitants and harmonize their needs with those of full-time residents.
@Bristol
Authors: Blevins Steven
Published: May 2017

The sixth and final chapter of Living Cargo concludes with an interrogation of urban regeneration in the city of Bristol, situating the neoliberal city’s alliance with private real estate investors and corporate investors in relation to the concurrent campaigns by black community activists that the city acknowledge its historical involvement in the transatlantic slave trade and that it reorient economic redevelop for the benefit of communities struggling against that historical legacy. The chapter looks at artists Hew Locke and Graham Mortimer Evelyn alongside political protests, street actions, and popular uprisings that raise fundamental questions about state, civic, and institutional responsibility to the past, and laid the groundwork for a transformation of its public cultures.
The Problem of Black Genius
Authors: Sojoyner Damien M.
Published: May 2017

The first chapter of the book maps out the manner in which Black manifestations of cultural autonomy, from music to visual arts, have been systematically eliminated from public education. This discussion is bookended by a discussion of the central force that fomented Black cultural enclosures – Western Christianity.
In the Belly of the Beast
Authors: Sojoyner Damien M.
Published: May 2017

The second chapter looks at how the ideology that informs the “need” for prisons is normalized. Analysing the root causes of the development of the prisons as an ideological construct, it looks at the ways in which such ideology has affected the relationships of social structures.
Picturing Ruin and Possibility
Authors: Kinney Rebecca J.
Published: May 2017

The second chapter examines the story of Detroit’s ruin as a narrative of progress and decline through an examination of the photography of Camilo José Vergara in the late 1980s and 1990s. These images were central in producing a narrative of ruin. In his Detroit images, and in his statements about the city, structural racism and unequal access to the spoils of capitalism are written out of the narrative of postindustrial urban space, replaced with a simpler narrative of progress and decline. Vergara’s images of the landscape in particular suggest that Detroit’s ruin and potential for rise is a natural process, contributing to the common discourse that affirms the rise and fall and rise again of the city.
Flickers of the American Dream
Authors: Kinney Rebecca J.
Published: May 2017

The fourth chapter examines the story of opportunity in the face of hardship in two recent documentary films, Deforce and Detropia. The premise of the documentary film enables the narrative of possibility through the persistent belief of real Detroiters. The chapter turns to the ways in which the myth of the contemporary postindustrial frontier, much like the myth of the historical frontier in American culture, operates not only as a physical place but also as an ideological symbol to suggest the potential of hardworking and determined individuals against all odds. Even as the present is portrayed as bleak, the narrative resolution of Detroit’s uncertain future nearly always falls back on a retrenchment of the American idea of success through individual hard work and determination.
The Covert Researcher
Authors: Nguyen Nicole
Published: May 2017

The second chapter outlines the author’s methodological approach to the Milton ethnographic project and the ensuing experience. In doing so, the chapter renews debates about overt and covert research by examining the covert methods used by qualitative researchers in the field.
Student, Terrorist, or Patriot?
Authors: Nguyen Nicole
Published: May 2017

The fifth chapter looks intimately at the profound effects of an education focused intensely on terrorism, paying careful attention to how the school nurtured students’ fears. Within a racialized economy of fear, students and school staff calibrated their conduct in order to ward off terrorist threats, manage their fears, and express their love for the nation.
Thinking Differently While under Siege
Authors: Nguyen Nicole
Published: May 2017

In the conclusion, Curriculum of Fear offers some closing thoughts on the enduring intersections of education, war, and national security at work at Milton High School. The chapter aims to call for the resistance of intensifying the relationship between war, national security, and U.S. public schools.
Entanglements of War and Tourism
Authors: Lisle Debbie
Published: May 2017

The violent practices of war and the leisured practices of tourism are not opposed, but rather deeply entangled. Exposing those connections reveals that both practices reproduce prevailing modes of difference and domination. Lisle explores the ways of seeing and interacting that characterize the experience of soldiers-turned-tourists and tourists in war zones.
Bipolar Travels
Authors: Lisle Debbie
Published: May 2017

Efforts to preserve and transform Auschwitz and Hiroshima into tourist sites in the aftermath of WWII reveal the difficult and often jarring connection between commemoration and tourism spectacle. As these sites slowly developed throughout the Cold War, another war-tourism conjunction was emerging in which Western soldiers on R&R vacations from the battlefields of Korea and Vietnam intensified racist, patriarchal and often violent modes of dominance.
Writing the History of the Present
Authors: Ghamari-Tabrizi Behrooz
Published: May 2017

This chapter raises the question of how one can write history of the present without preconceived commitments to a universal History. It proposes that thinking about history is only meaningful if historical agents promote novel possibilities and act toward them.
Anti-institutional Automatons
Authors: Selisker Scott
Published: May 2017

The second chapter argues how much of New Left culture, broadly defined, used images of automatism as a way to turn anti-totalitarian rhetoric against the U.S. establishment, including work by Ralph Ellison, Ken Kesey, Charles Reich, and Betty Friedan.
Human Programming
Authors: Selisker Scott
Published: May 2017

The third chapter considers how technological ideas about “programming”—in cybernetics, computer science, and genetics—broadened the applications of automaton discourse and images. Such ideas were used to represent devalued forms of labor, Asian Americans, and post-Cold War fundamentalism.Selisker analyses the history and discorses that inform stereotypes such as hypertechnologicalorientals and new philosophical concepts like posthumanism.
Conclusion
Authors: Selisker Scott
Published: May 2017

The conclusion considers whether we can think our way beyond U.S. culture’s pervasive dialectic of free, democratic selves and unfree, totalitarian others. Daniel Suarez’s science fiction novel Daemon offers a way of putting automatism in conversation with actor-network theory. Drawing on the two, Selisker attempts to reconcile automatism with agency by exploring the contingency and interconnected nature of the latter.
America’s Move from Identity to Identification
Authors: Silva Kumarini
Published: May 2017

The introduction acts as a theoretical and methodological introduction. It maps how this study came to be, the theoretical underpinnings of the argument of brown that are made throughout the book, and the methodological thrust of the proceeding chapters. As the United States struggles with the upkeep of multiple military and political engagements in the Middle East; economic dependencies on the Far East; and immigration, health care, and other political struggles within the country, race becomes both increasingly central and increasingly invisible. After 9/11, the shifting of racial hatred onto brown bodies provided a respite, at least in public and popular discourses, from the long history of anti- Black racism. Each chapter deals with a particular theme that emerges out of visual culture and asks how these particular representations serve to create a contemporary understanding of brown, both dependent on and, at the same time, separated from the past.
What Is Brown?
Authors: Silva Kumarini
Published: May 2017

The first chapter starts with a simple question, “What Is Brown?” Foregrounded by the way arrivals and departures to the United States are structured following 9/11, and tying that to the political implications of immigration, in this opening chapter, the chapter lays the foundations of brown as both deeply historical and newly established. Through specific examples of detention and interrogation that are tethered to archival invisibility, it articulates the fluidity of brown as something that moves from body to body, simultaneously marked as brown and yet disconnected from the way today’s society popularly understands the identity.
Blackness in Brown Times
Authors: Silva Kumarini
Published: May 2017

The fourth chapter discusses the broad fabric that makes up the tenuous relationship between Black and Brown in post- 9/11 American culture and how its shift to identification intersects with historical race policies and politics. Through an analysis of popular culture (like the TV show Blackish) and political interventions, the chapter question what the racialized pathologies and medications of post-9/11 anxiety means to the Black-White binary that is often the popular historicized approach to race in the United States. Despite the attempts to educate the general public about the ways in which explicit and implicit violence impacts communities across the country, it has been unable to quell what seems to be a rising tide of increased and systematic violence against African Americans.
Afterlife
Authors: Arif Yasmeen
Published: May 2017

The introduction of Life, Emergent lays down the main theoretical anchors of how the privileging of the social over the biological in contemporary bio--political theory is apprehended in this book. Two philosophical tropes, bios and pathos, are anchored and the query of life positioned for exploration in ethnographic and empirical contexts.