bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From steady‐state to synchronized yeast glycolytic oscillations II: model validation
Authors: du Preez Franco B. , van Niekerk David D. , Snoep Jacky L.
Published: June 2012

In an accompanying paper [du Preez et al., (2012) FEBS J279, 2810–2822], we adapt an existing kinetic model for steady‐state yeast glycolysis to simulate limit‐cycle oscillations. Here we validate the model by testing its capacity to simulate a wide range of experiments on dynamics of yeast glycolysis. In addition to its description of the oscillations of glycolytic intermediates in intact cells and the rapid synchronization observed when mixing out‐of‐phase oscillatory cell populations (see accompanying paper), the model was able to predict the Hopf bifurcation diagram with glucose as the bifurcation parameter (and one of the bifurcation points with cyanide as the bifurcation parameter), the glucose‐ and acetaldehyde‐driven forced oscillations, glucose and acetaldehyde quenching, and cell‐free extract oscillations (including complex oscillations and mixed‐mode oscillations). Thus, the model was compliant, at least qualitatively, with the majority of available experimental data for glycolytic oscillations in yeast. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a model for yeast glycolysis has been tested against such a wide variety of independent data sets.

Database
 The mathematical models described here have been submitted to the JWS Online Cellular Systems Modelling Database and can be accessed at http://jjj.biochem.sun.ac.za/database/dupreez/index.html.
SECURITY BY ASSOCIATION? MAPPING ATTACHMENT THEORY ONTO FAMILY LAW PRACTICE
Authors: Garber Benjamin D.
Published: June 2012

Family Court Review has provided the family law community with an invaluable compilation of articles in the form of interviews with some of the world's most highly respected experts on attachment theory. These articles provide insight into the young child's experience of early relatedness and sound direction for those providing services to most families. This article suggests, however, that attachment theory's great wealth of empirical data may have limited validity when applied to high‐conflict, recidivist‐litigant, custody‐contending families. In particular, the recommendation that young children benefit from the near‐exclusive care of their mother throughout their first 2 or 3 years and can thereafter build a relationship with their father on the strength of their mother's endorsement ignores the frank reality of these children's lives. Acknowledging the painful realities of children thus caught in the middle, we must instead perform the delicate balancing act of providing children with a developmentally appropriate opportunity to build a secure attachment with each of their parents from birth forward. This position is framed within an evolutionary and developmental perspective.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:

The quality of a child's attachment relationship with Parent A is built both upon his/her direct experience of Parent A's sensitive and responsive care and upon his/her experience of Parent B's endorsement of parent A as a sensitive and responsive caregiver.

The attachment research suggests that most children will benefit from a primary relationship with their mother from birth through the 2nd or 3rd year and may thereafter build a relationship with their father on the basis of their mother's endorsement.

The mutual disregard and acrimony characteristic of the high‐conflict divorce population makes it exceedingly unlikely that a mother granted near‐exclusive care of her infant will thereafter be willing or able to genuinely endorse the father so as to lay the foundation for the child's secure attachment with him.

Very young children of high‐conflict parents may have the best opportunity to make and maintain a healthy relationship with both of their parents when they have frequent, developmentally informed, and carefully structured contact with both from their earliest days.
YOUNG CHILDREN, ATTACHMENT SECURITY, AND PARENTING SCHEDULES
Authors: Hynan Daniel J.
Published: June 2012

The focus of a recent Family Court Review Special Issue on attachment, separation, and divorce included perspectives primarily from researchers in the Bowlby/Ainsworth tradition. A number of the authors made recommendations against overnight visits for very young children. I review conceptualizations and measures of attachment security as well as empirical findings. Currently the foundation to make general recommendations regarding overnight visits is inadequate. Caution is needed in using attachment measures in court evaluations and regarding restrictive legal presumptions and theoretical orientations. Custody and access evaluations and decisions need to apply scientifically sound principles to the individual characteristics of each case.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:

Simple “yes” or “no” answers are inadequate regarding the question of overnight visits for young children.

Attachment security can change and is influenced by multiple factors over the life span.

There are important scientific, ethical, and cost factors when considering the possible use of attachment security measures in custody evaluation.

Scientific findings about how overnight visits affect young children are mixed and seem best explained by differences in parental characteristics and interactions.

Each case deserves decision‐making based on careful reasoning, informed by scientific findings and the relevant individual circumstances.
A WASTED OPPORTUNITY TO ENGAGE WITH THE LITERATURE ON THE IMPLICATIONS OF ATTACHMENT RESEARCH FOR FAMILY COURT PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Lamb Michael E.
Published: June 2012

The Family Court Review Special Issue edited by McIntosh provided a misleadingly narrow view of attachment theory and of previous attempts to explore the implications of that theory and related research for family court professionals. For example, the editor chose to interview professionals whose opinions seemed likely to accord with hers, and when they dissented, she failed to explore the implications. She thus represented Bowlby's notion of monotropy as though it was an established and accepted fact; neither the research (which shows the idea to be incorrect) nor Bowlby's own later disavowal of the idea were addressed, although the implications are profound. More generally, the extensive relevant scholarship was ignored and unrepresented, leaving the unchallenged focus on the editor's own research and on opinions that accord with her own. As a result, the Special Issue became a platform for opinion, rather than a forum for critical examination of the literature.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:

Most children in two‐parent families form attachments to both of their parents at the same stage in their development.

Relationships with both their mother and father profoundly affect children's adjustment, whether or not they live together.

Professionals need to be careful when generalizing from research which may have involved families in circumstances quite unlike those experienced by the individuals they are trying to assist.
REVIEWING THE OPPORTUNITIES: GUEST EDITOR'S REPLY TO COMMENTS
Authors: McIntosh Jennifer E.
Published: June 2012

This essay is a reply by the guest editor to four published comments about the July 2011 Special Issue: Attachment Theory, Separation and Divorce: Forging Coherent Understandings for Family Law. The comments capture some of the immense interest and passion generated by that issue. Questions pertaining to the structure of the issue are addressed and editorial decisions clarified. The relevant critiques are considered, and the opportunities created by the Special Issue are revisited. Unanswered questions raised about the application of attachment theory to family law matters are left as such: unanswered questions that call for careful consideration in practice and in nuanced, bipartisan research in the near future.

Key Points for the Family Court Community

This essay revisits the value of the July 2011 Special Issue on attachment theory.

It considers the relevance of the Special Issue for practitioners.
REALITY IS. . . . A RESPONSE TO MARTINDALE, TIPPINS, BEN‐PORATH, AUSTIN, AND WITTMANN
Authors: Ackerman Marc J. , Pritzl Tracy
Published: June 2012

This article is written as a response to the Martindale et al. critique of the Ackerman and Pritzl (2011) child custody evaluation practices article. The Martindale et al. critique focuses on a small portion of the overall results regarding test usage and suggests that the entire article is “flawed and deficient.” However, their critique engages in confirmatory bias and exaggerated statements and ignores the overall value of the article in general. A more broad‐based explanation of the results is provided herein.
Transcriptional analysis of sex pheromone biosynthesis signal genes in Bombyx mori
Authors: An Shi‐Heng , Du Meng‐Fang , Su Li‐Juan , Yin Xin‐Ming
Published: June 2012

Abstract  Six sex pheromone synthesis signal genes, including acyl coenzyme A (acyl‐CoA) desaturase (desat1), fatty acyl reductase (FAR), pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor (PBANR), fatty acid transport protein (FATP), acyl‐CoA binding protein (ACBP) and store‐operated channel protein (Orai1A), were studied for their transcriptional regulations. The expression profiles of these transcripts at different developmental stages (from –96 to 48 h) revealed that the genes are expressed in an age‐dependent manner. The transcripts of these genes continued to increase despite decapitation, and compared with normally developmental females, decapitation significantly inhibited their expression. Further experiments with a methoprene, a juvenile hormone (JH) analogue, challenge showed that JH was not a key inhibiting factor in the expression of these genes, and mating was found to significantly inhibit the expression of these marker genes. Altogether, the results provide a reference for understanding the mechanism of sex pheromone synthesis.
Invading from the garden? A comparison of leaf herbivory for exotic and native plants in natural and ornamental settings
Authors: Matter Stephen F. , Brzyski Jessica R. , Harrison Christopher J. , Hyams Sara , Loo Clement , Loomis Jessica , Lubbers Hannah R. , Seastrum Leeann , Stamper Trevor I. , Stein Adam M. , Stokes Richard , Wilkerson Brandy S.
Published: June 2012

Abstract  The enemies release hypothesis proposes that exotic species can become invasive by escaping from predators and parasites in their novel environment. Agrawal et al. (Enemy release? An experiment with congeneric plant pairs and diverse above‐ and below‐ground enemies. Ecology, 86, 2979–2989) proposed that areas or times in which damage to introduced species is low provide opportunities for the invasion of native habitat. We tested whether ornamental settings may provide areas with low levels of herbivory for trees and shrubs, potentially facilitating invasion success. First, we compared levels of leaf herbivory among native and exotic species in ornamental and natural settings in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. In the second study, we compared levels of herbivory for invasive and noninvasive exotic species between natural and ornamental settings. We found lower levels of leaf damage for exotic species than for native species; however, we found no differences in the amount of leaf damage suffered in ornamental or natural settings. Our results do not provide any evidence that ornamental settings afford additional release from herbivory for exotic plant species.
Impact of grain size distributions on the dust enrichment in high-redshift quasars
Authors: Kuo Tzu-Ming , Hirashita Hiroyuki
Published: June 2012

In high-redshift (z > 5) quasars, a large amount of dust (∼108 M⊙) has been observed. In order to explain the large dust content, we focus on a possibility that grain growth by the accretion of heavy elements is the dominant dust source. We adopt a chemical evolution model applicable to nearby galaxies, but utilize parameters adequate to high-z quasars. It is assumed that metals and dust are predominantly ejected by Type II supernovae (SNe). We have found that grain growth strongly depends on the grain size distribution. If we simply use the size distribution of grains ejected from SNe, grain growth is inefficient because of the lack of small grains (i.e. small surface-to-volume ratio of the dust grains). However, if we take small grain production by interstellar shattering into consideration, grain growth is efficient enough to account for the rich dust abundance in high-z quasars. Our results not only confirm that grain growth is necessary to explain the large amount of dust in high-z quasars, but also demonstrate that grain size distributions have a critical impact on grain growth.
LGBT Homemaking in London, UK: The Embodiment of Mobile Homemaking Imaginaries
Authors: PILKEY BRENT
Published: June 2012

A stimulating body of work, which sits at the intersection of feminist and queer geographies, argues that embodied performativity can not be separated from the study of home. This paper seeks to expand on this work by looking closely at spatial mobility and homemaking imaginaries of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) Londoners. Specifically, I focus on two separate yet related locations in the production of home: the parental home and the home established in adulthood. The paper argues that for LGBT Londoners, both sites play an important, complex role whereby homemaking identity is shaped through the tension or push and pull of these two locations. The parental home can be an isolated space where one's sexual identity remains, if not closeted, then modified. Often, one flees the home in the process of ‘coming out’, and identity is expressed differently in the new home. Given this departure, arrival, and return (to visit), how does the parental home relate to one's current identity and homemaking practices? The research for the paper is drawn from eight semi‐structured interviews conducted with Londoners. Using this research and the physical and emotional embodiment framework, I also draw parallels with Blunt's theme of ‘productive nostalgia’, whereby both the physical spatial embodiment as well as the narrative of imagination – in past (as in conventional understandings of nostalgia), present, and future – act as a lens to understanding the homemaking of LGBT Londoners.
Contribution of serotonin uptake and degradation to myocardial interstitial serotonin levels during ischaemia‐reperfusion in rabbits
Authors: Sonobe T. , Akiyama T. , Du C.‐K. , Zhan D.‐Y. , Shirai M.
Published: June 2012

Aim

Although deleterious effects of serotonin (5‐HT) have been demonstrated during myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion, little information is available on myocardial interstitial 5‐HT kinetics. This study evaluated the contribution of 5‐HT reuptake and degradation to myocardial interstitial 5‐HT levels during ischaemia‐reperfusion.

Methods

Using microdialysis technique in anaesthetized rabbits, we monitored myocardial interstitial 5‐HT levels in the ischaemic region during ischaemia (30 min) followed by reperfusion (60 min) and investigated the effects of local infusion of fluoxetine, a 5‐HT uptake inhibitor, and/or pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

Results

In vehicle control, dialysate 5‐HT concentration increased gradually from 16 ± 3 at baseline to 85 ± 18 nm during 20–30 min of ischaemia. Dialysate 5‐HT concentration further increased to 236 ± 47 nm at 0–10 min of reperfusion and then began to decline. Averaged 5‐HT concentration was 61 ± 11 during ischaemia and 113 ± 13 nm during reperfusion. Fluoxetine elevated dialysate 5‐HT level at baseline and at 10–30 min of reperfusion; it increased averaged dialysate 5‐HT concentration by approx. 304% during reperfusion compared to control. Pargyline elevated averaged dialysate 5‐HT concentration during ischaemia by approx. 243% and that during reperfusion by approx. 250% compared to control. The changes in dialysate 5‐HT concentration by fluoxetine + pargyline were similar to those of fluoxetine alone.

Conclusion

The 5‐HT reuptake function plays an important role in the clearance of myocardial interstitial 5‐HT during reperfusion. When 5‐HT reuptake function is intact, degradation of 5‐HT by monoamine oxidase contributes to reduce myocardial interstitial 5‐HT level throughout ischaemia‐reperfusion.
Red Porgy, Pagrus pagrus, Larvae Performance and Nutritional Condition in Response to Different Weaning Regimes
Authors: Andrade Carlos A. P. , Nascimento Francisco , Conceição Luís E. C. , Linares Fátima , Lacuisse Marc , Dinis Maria T.
Published: June 2012

Red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, is a candidate species for aquaculture diversification. The aim of this work was to assess whether an early supply of enriched Artemia (D1) or a direct step to dry diets (D3) would be advantageous weaning strategies for red porgy larvae, compared to a later supply of Artemia followed by dry diets (D2). Direct weaning to dry diet resulted in significantly lower growth, survival, pancreatic (trypsin and lipase), and intestinal (alkaline phosphatase) enzyme‐specific activity, with the exception of leucine‐alanine peptidase. The direct weaning strategy presented severe nutritional restrictions from early weaning stages with an associated delay of the maturation of digestive system. The two‐step strategy presented in D1 and D2 resulted in comparable results in most parameters, including survival. Weaning using enriched Artemia as an intermediate step is confirmed as the most adequate strategy for red porgy larvae. Digestive enzymes and selected fatty acids correlated well with performance responses to dietary regimes, thereby supporting the use of these parameters as sensitive and reliable indicators of red porgy nutritional or physiological status during larval stages.
Patterns in influenza antiviral medication use before and during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, Vaccine Safety Datalink Project, 2000–2010
Authors: Greene Sharon K. , Shay David K. , Yin Ruihua , McCarthy Natalie L. , Baxter Roger , Jackson Michael L. , Jacobsen Steven J. , Nordin James D. , Irving Stephanie A. , Naleway Allison L. , Glanz Jason M. , Lieu Tracy A.
Published: June 2012

Please cite this paper as: Greene et al. (2012) Patterns in influenza antiviral medication use before and during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, Vaccine Safety Datalink Project, 2000‐2010. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(601), e143–e151.

Background  U.S. recommendations for using influenza antiviral medications changed in response to viral resistance (to reduce adamantane use) and during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (to focus on protecting high‐risk patients). Little information is available on clinician adherence to these recommendations. We characterized population‐based outpatient antiviral medication usage, including diagnosis and testing practices, before and during the pandemic.

Methods  Eight medical care organizations in the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project provided data on influenza antiviral medication dispensings from January 2000 through June 2010. Dispensing rates were explored in relation to changes in recommendations and influenza diagnosis and laboratory testing frequencies. Factors associated with oseltamivir dispensings in pandemic versus pre‐pandemic periods were identified using multivariable logistic regression.

Results  Antiviral use changed coincident with recommendations to avoid adamantanes in 2006, to use alternatives to oseltamivir in 2008, and to use oseltamivir during the pandemic. Of 38,019 oseltamivir dispensings during the pandemic, 31% were to patients not assigned an influenza diagnosis, and 97% were to patients not tested for influenza. Oseltamivir was more likely to be dispensed in pandemic versus pre‐pandemic periods to patients <25 years old and to those with underlying conditions, including chronic pulmonary disease or pregnancy (P < 0·0001 for each factor in multivariable analysis).

Conclusions  Antiviral medication usage patterns suggest that clinicians followed recommendations to change antiviral prescribing based on resistance and to focus on high‐risk patients during the pandemic. Medications were commonly dispensed to patients without influenza diagnoses and tests, suggesting that antiviral dispensings may offer useful supplemental data for monitoring influenza incidence.
Training Self‐Control: A Domain‐General Translational Neuroscience Approach
Authors: Berkman Elliot T. , Graham Alice M. , Fisher Philip A.
Published: June 2012

Self‐control plays an important role in healthy development and has been shown to be amenable to intervention. This article presents a theoretical framework for the emerging area of “brain‐training” interventions that includes both laboratory‐based direct training methods and ecologically valid school‐, family‐, and community‐based interventions. Although these approaches have proliferated in recent years, evidence supporting them is just beginning to emerge, and conceptual models underlying many of the techniques they employ tend to be underspecified and imprecise. Identifying the neural systems responsible for improvements in self‐control may be of tremendous benefit not only for overall intervention efficacy but also for basic science issues related to underlying shared biological mechanisms of psychopathology. This article reviews the neurodevelopment of self‐control and explores its implications for theory, intervention, and prevention. It then presents a neurally informed framework for understanding self‐control development and change and discusses how this framework may inform future intervention strategies for individuals suffering with psychopathology or drug abuse/dependence, or for young children with delays in cognitive or emotional functioning.
Intraspecific variability in the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma chilonis: can we predict the outcome of hybridization?
Authors: Benvenuto Chiara , Tabone Elisabeth , Vercken Elodie , Sorbier Nathalie , Colombel Etty , Warot Sylvie , Fauvergue Xavier , Ris Nicolas
Published: June 2012

In the framework of biological control, the selection of effective natural enemies determines the final pest control. Thus, the genetic improvement of biocontrol agents could enhance the efficiency of biocontrol programs. Although promising, this approach has rarely been applied in this field. At the intraspecific level, hybridization between divergent populations of biocontrol agents is expected to promote hybrid vigor (heterosis), but it is not clear to what extent. An even more difficult task is the ability to predict the fitness of hybrids from the biological characteristics of their parents. We investigated these general questions by crossing seven populations of the parasitoid wasp
Trichogramma chilonis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Our results show different levels of mating compatibilities among populations, including asymmetric or almost complete reproductive isolation. Hybrids' performance (fitness of the F
1 generation) ranges from inbreeding depression to heterosis. It was possible, to some extent, to predict hybrid fitness from pairwise genetic and phenotypic distances among parents, in accordance with the ‘dominance’ hypothesis. This may provide general guidelines for the genetic improvement of biological control agents.
Effect of salinity on egg hatching, yolk sac absorption and larval rearing of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858)
Authors: Salas Leitón Emilio A. , Rodriguez‐Rúa Ana , Asensio Esther , Infante Carlos , Manchado Manuel , Fernández‐Díaz Catalina , Cañavate José P.
Published: June 2012

Assays carried out under laboratory‐controlled conditions revealed that eggs of Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858, incubated at 10, 18, 27 and 33 grams per litre (g L−1) reached their maximum hatching rates (above 80%) 48 h after incubation. In contrast, hatching was significantly delayed (24 h) and completely failed when the salinity was set at 5 and 0 g L−1, respectively. Newly hatched and early‐developing yolk sac larvae presented similar survival rates 3 days after hatching (DAH) when exposed to salinities of 10, 18, 27 and 33 g L−1. Larvae incubated at 5 g L−1 salinity died a few hours after hatching once they were released from their respective chorions. The notochord length was unmodified by salinity 5 DAH. Nevertheless, an overall lower myotomal height and a putative delay in the depletion of yolk sac were found in larvae reared at 10 g L−1. This anomaly in overall larval development became more pronounced with the occurrence (100% of analysed larvae) of mouth deformities and a lack of functionality under 10 g L−1 salinity. Transferring 2 DAH larvae from 33 g L−1 (exhibiting normal mouth development) to a medium with a salinity of 10 g L−1 had no effect on first feeding, weight and metamorphic index. Overall our results indicate the existence of a key time window (0–2 DAH) in which a salinity value higher than 10 g L−1 is required to achieve adequate mouth development and further functionality of larvae. The present work represents a valuable contribution to the sole industry, opening new possibilities in hatchery management practices.
Extended mutation spectrum of Usher syndrome in Finland
Authors: Västinsalo Hanna , Jalkanen Reetta , Bergmann Carsten , Neuhaus Christine , Kleemola Leenamaija , Jauhola Liisa , Bolz Hanno Jörn , Sankila Eeva‐Marja
Published: June 2012

Purpose:  The Finnish distribution of clinical Usher syndrome (USH) types is 40% USH3, 34% USH1 and 12% USH2. All patients with USH3 carry the founder mutation in clarin 1 (CLRN1), whereas we recently reported three novel myosin VIIA (MYO7A) mutations in two unrelated patients with USH1. This study was carried out to further investigate the USH mutation spectrum in Finnish patients.

Methods:  We analysed samples from nine unrelated USH patients/families without known mutations and two USH3 families with atypically severe phenotype. The Asper Ophthalmics USH mutation chip was used to screen for known mutations and to evaluate the chip in molecular diagnostics of Finnish patients.

Results:  The chip revealed a heterozygous usherin (USH2A) mutation, p.N346H, in one patient. Sequencing of MYO7A and/or USH2A in three index patients revealed two novel heterozygous mutations, p.R873W in MYO7A and c.14343+2T>C in USH2A. We did not identify definite pathogenic second mutations in the patients, but identified several probably nonpathogenic variations that may modify the disease phenotype. Possible digenism could not be excluded in two families segregating genomic variations in both MYO7A and USH2A, and two families with CLRN1 and USH2A.

Conclusion:  We conclude that there is considerable genetic heterogeneity of USH1 and USH2 in Finland, making molecular diagnostics and genetic counselling of patients and families challenging.
Comparison of retinal vasodilator and constrictor responses in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lott Mary E. J. , Slocomb Julia E. , Shivkumar Vikram , Smith Bruce , Gabbay Robert A. , Quillen David , Gardner Thomas W. , Bettermann Kerstin
Published: June 2012

Purpose:  The retinal blood vessels provide a unique way to directly examine the human microvasculature, which is frequently damaged in individuals with diabetes. Previous studies have demonstrated that retinal flickering light‐induced vasodilation and hyperoxia‐induced vasoconstriction may operate by enhancing or reducing similar vasoregulatory factor(s), but a comparison between these two provocative stimuli in individuals with diabetes has not been studied. The purpose of the study was to examine the association between retinal flickering light‐induced vasodilation and retinal hyperoxia‐induced vasoconstriction in type 2 diabetic subjects and in healthy controls.

Methods:  Twenty men and women with type 2 diabetes and 10 men and women without diabetes between 21 and 75 years of age were recruited. Changes in retinal artery and vein diameters to flickering light and during hyperoxia (100% oxygen) stimuli were measured on the same visit using a noninvasive retinal imaging device (Dynamic Vessel Analyzer, Imedos Inc., Germany).

Results:  Compared with controls, diabetic subjects had impaired arterial vasodilator and vasoconstrictor responses to both flickering light and hyperoxia, respectively (both p < 0.001). Merging both groups, an inverse correlation (r = −0.56; p = 0.003) between the retinal artery’s responses to flickering light‐induced vasodilation and hyperoxia‐induced vasoconstriction was demonstrated independent of glucose or insulin levels.

Conclusion:  This suggests that both responses are attenuated to a similar degree in diabetic subjects and that the attenuation to both stimuli can be observed in retinal arteries and veins. This would suggest that similar vasoregulatory factor(s) might in part help to explain the retinal diameter responses between the two stimuli. One suggested common vasoregulator of vascular tone is nitric oxide; however, other factor(s) may be involved, which contribute to this association and require further research.
Visual impairment and blindness in rural central India: the Central India Eye and Medical Study
Authors: Nangia Vinay , Jonas Jost B. , Gupta Rajesh , Khare Anshu , Sinha Ajit
Published: June 2012

Purpose:  The aim of the study was to investigate prevalence of visual impairment in rural central India.

Methods:  The population‐based Central India Eye and Medical Study included 4711 subjects with an age of 30+ years. Presenting visual acuity (PRVA) and best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were recorded. Visual impairment and blindness were defined using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard and United States (US) standard.

Results:  On the basis of PRVA and using WHO and US standards, 1049 [22%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 21.1, 23.5] subjects and 1290 (27%; 95% CI: 26.1, 28.7) subjects, respectively, were visually impaired, and 35 (0.7%; 95% CI: 0.5, 1.0) subjects and 116 (2.5%; 95% CI: 2.0, 2.9) subjects, respectively, were blind. The corresponding age‐standardized prevalence figures were 17%, 21%, 0.5% and 2%, respectively. Using best‐correcting glasses could eliminate PRVA‐visual impairment/blindness in 729 subjects (67% of all subjects with visual impairment/blindness). On the basis of BCVA and using WHO and US standards, 333 (7%; 95% CI: 6.3, 7.8) subjects and 473 (10%; 95% CI: 9.2, 10.9) subjects, respectively, had visual impairment, and 22 (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.7) and 31 (0.7%; 95% CI: 0.4, 0.9) subjects, respectively, were blind. Corresponding age‐standardized prevalence figures were 5%, 8%, 0.4% and 0.5%, respectively. Causes for BCVA‐visual impairment/blindness were cataract (75%), postoperative posterior capsular opacification (4%), surgical complications (2%), corneal opacifications (2%), age‐related macular degeneration (2%), other macular diseases (1%), and glaucoma (1%).

Conclusions:  Age‐standardized prevalence of PRVA‐visual impairment/blindness (WHO definition) in the adult population of rural central India was 17%. Most frequent cause was undercorrected refractive error. Supply of correct glasses is the most efficient way to improve vision in the rural central India.
Merging the Profession: A Historical Perspective on Accounting Association Mergers in Canada
Authors: Richardson Alan J. , Kilfoyle Eksa
Published: June 2012

The history of creation of new professional accounting associations, mergers and proposed mergers among professional associations in Canada is reviewed through the lens of institutional theory to identify the conditions associated with major changes in the structure of the profession. Five waves of merger activity are identified between 1880 and 2010. These waves of mergers: (1) created isomorphism between the structure of accounting associations and the political structure of Canada, (2) differentiated associations to reflect the division of labour among accountants (primarily the separation of public and management accounting), (3) differentiated associations to reflect different educational paths into accounting (broadly conceived), and (4) consolidated the profession to facilitate the regulation of public accounting by the state. Contemporary issues affecting the structure of the profession are also identified including the globalization of accounting credentials. The historical waves of merger activity are argued to be an enactment of state and market institutional logics. These factors are compared with justifications/rationales and proposals for the merger of the accounting profession under the Chartered Professional Accountant, CPA, designation. The merger proposal would create a hybrid organization that retains within it historical institutional patterns. Issues concerning the stability of hybrid organizations in the literature are identified.
popdemo: an R package for population demography using projection matrix analysis
Authors: Stott Iain , Hodgson David J. , Townley Stuart
Published: June 2012

1. Effective population management requires accurate predictions of future population dynamics and how they may be manipulated to achieve management goals.

2. The R package popdemo provides software tools for novel analytical methods that aim to enhance the predictive power of basic population projection matrix models. These include indices of transient population dynamics and transfer function analyses.

3. We use a case study to demonstrate the use and importance of these methods for population management and briefly discuss their potential application outside population ecology.
Drug–drug interactions in the medical intensive care unit: an assessment of frequency, severity and the medications involved
Authors: Smithburger Pamela L , Kane-Gill Sandra L , Seybert Amy L
Published: June 2012

Objectives

Mortality and morbidity are increased in patients experiencing drug–drug interactions (DDIs). Critically ill patients are at an increased risk of adverse events from DDIs due to the large number of medications that they take and their changes in organ function. Currently, there is a lack of literature describing DDIs in the intensive care unit (ICU). The purpose of this study is to evaluate frequency, severity and drug combinations involved in DDIs occurring in a medical ICU (MICU).

Methods

This was a 4-week, prospective, observational study that was conducted in the MICU of an academic medical centre. Lexi-Interact and Micromedex interaction databases were utilized daily to screen patients’ medication profiles for DDIs, and severity was assessed using each database's severity rating scale.

Key findings

Of 240 patient medication profiles evaluated, 457 DDIs were identified. The rate of DDIs was 190.4 DDIs/100 patient days with 297 of these interactions being unique drug pairs. About 25% (114/457) were considered major DDIs. The most commonly involved medications were antihypertensive medications (106/457) and anticoagulants/antiplatelet agents (80/457).

Conclusions

DDIs occur frequently in the MICU. Severity and drug combinations related to DDIs in the MICU differ from DDIs published in other ICU settings. When developing a DDI alerting system, patient characteristics and location should be considered.
Natural Convection With Micro-Encapsulated Phase Change Material
Authors: Sabbah R. , Seyed-Yagoobi J. , Al-Hallaj S.
Published: June 2012

This study numerically explores the effect of presence of micro-encapsulated phase change material (MEPCM) on the heat transfer characteristics of a fluid in a rectangular cavity driven by natural convection. The natural convection is generated by the temperature difference between two vertical walls at constant temperatures. The phase change material (PCM) melts in the vicinity of the hot wall and solidifies near the cold wall. Unlike the pure fluids, the heat transfer characteristics of MEPCM slurry cannot be simply presented in terms of corresponding dimensionless controlling parameters such as Rayleigh number. In the presence of phase change particles, the controlling parameters’ values change significantly due to the local phase change. The numerical results show significant increase in the heat transfer coefficient (up to 80%) at the considered operating conditions. This increase is a result of the MEPCM latent heat and the increased volumetric thermal expansion coefficient due to MEPCM volume change during melting.
Fluctuation Characteristics of Spray Velocity Field of Coaxial Convergent Nozzle by Particle-Image-Velocimetry Measurements
Authors: Du Cong , Liu Jian-Zhong , Huang Zhen-Yu , Liu Lian-Sheng , Zhou Jun-Hu , Cen Ke-Fa
Published: June 2012

Coaxial elements and annular liquid jets are normally utilized in industrial applications to generate sprays. A particle image velocimetry investigation on the transient characteristics of the spray velocity field of a coaxial convergent nozzle is carried out in this paper. Based on the measurement results, spectrum analysis is performed to detect the process of atomization in the spray. Experimental results show that at large gas jet velocities, the process of generation of droplets is controlled mainly by the dynamics of liquid ligaments, and the power spectrum reveals that the velocity fluctuations are superimposed on the transient flow field by the effect of the shear layer instability. With the increase of gas velocity, the fluctuations of the spray velocity develop progressively to higher frequencies.
A Finite Element Model for Consideration of the Torsional Effect on the Bearing Contact of Gear Drives
Authors: Gonzalez-Perez Ignacio , Roda-Casanova Victor , Fuentes Alfonso , Sanchez-Marin Francisco T. , Iserte Jose L.
Published: June 2012

The finite element method is widely applied for the determination of contact and bending stresses in gear drives. It is based on the finite element model of the gear drive that is built by the discretization of the pinion and gear teeth and usually does not take into account the supporting components of the gears, as shafts, their bearings, or the gear case. Such components have an important influence in the formation of the bearing contact due to their deformations under load. Recently, some improved models have been proposed for finite element analysis of gear drives including their shafts. Those models have allowed shaft deflections to be taken into account for the investigation of formation of the bearing contact under load and its influence on bending and contact stresses. In this paper, an enhanced finite element model that takes into account not only the shaft deflections but also the torsional deformation of gear tooth surfaces due to torque transmission is proposed. Some numerical examples have been included.
Massive Phytoplankton Blooms Under Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Arrigo Kevin R. , Perovich Donald K. , Pickart Robert S. , Brown Zachary W. , van Dijken Gert L. , Lowry Kate E. , Mills Matthew M. , Palmer Molly A. , Balch William M. , Bahr Frank , Bates Nicholas R. , Benitez-Nelson Claudia , Bowler Bruce , Brownlee Emily , Ehn Jens K. , Frey Karen E. , Garley Rebecca , Laney Samuel R. , Lubelczyk Laura , Mathis Jeremy , Matsuoka Atsushi , Mitchell B. Greg , Moore G. W. K. , Ortega-Retuerta Eva , Pal Sharmila , Polashenski Chris M. , Reynolds Rick A. , Schieber Brian , Sosik Heidi M. , Stephens Michael , Swift James H.
Published: June 2012

In midsummer, diatoms have taken advantage of thinning ice cover to feed in nutrient-rich waters.
MMS19 Assembles Iron-Sulfur Proteins Required for DNA Metabolism and Genomic Integrity
Authors: Stehling Oliver , Vashisht Ajay A. , Mascarenhas Judita , Jonsson Zophonias O. , Sharma Tanu , Netz Daili J. A. , Pierik Antonio J. , Wohlschlegel James A. , Lill Roland
Published: June 2012

MMS19 Joins the CIA

Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins play a critical role in cell metabolism and particularly in DNA repair and replication. Mutants in eukaryotic gene
MMS19
are particularly sensitive to DNA damaging agents, suggesting that it is involved in DNA repair, but the mutations can also have other wide-ranging effects on the cell (see the Perspective by

Gottschling

). Now,

Stehling
et al.

(p.
195
, published online 7 June) and

Gari
et al.

(p.
243
, published online 7 June) show that in both yeast and humans, MMS19 functions as part of the cytosolic Fe-S protein assembly (CIA) machinery. The MMS19 is part of a specialized CIA targeting complex that plays a role late in cytosolic Fe-S protein assembly to direct Fe-S cluster transfer from the CIA scaffold complex to a subset of Fe-S proteins, including a number associated with DNA metabolism.
Complete Genome Sequence of Phototrophic Betaproteobacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus IL144
Authors: Nagashima Sakiko , Kamimura Akiko , Shimizu Takayuki , Nakamura-Isaki Sanae , Aono Eiji , Sakamoto Koji , Ichikawa Natsuko , Nakazawa Hidekazu , Sekine Mitsuo , Yamazaki Shuji , Fujita Nobuyuki , Shimada Keizo , Hanada Satoshi , Nagashima Kenji V. P.
Published: June 2012

Rubrivivax gelatinosus
is a facultative photoheterotrophic betaproteobacterium living in freshwater ponds, sewage ditches, activated sludge, and food processing wastewater. There have not been many studies on photosynthetic betaproteobacteria. Here we announce the complete genome sequence of the best-studied phototrophic betaproteobacterium,
R. gelatinosus
IL-144 (NBRC 100245).
Draft Genome Sequence of the Nitrophenol-Degrading Actinomycete Rhodococcus imtechensis RKJ300
Authors: Vikram Surendra , Kumar Shailesh , Subramanian Srikrishna , Raghava Gajendra Pal Singh
Published: June 2012

We report the 8.231-Mb genome sequence of
Rhodococcus imtechensis
RKJ300, isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil in Punjab, India. The genome sequence of the strain RKJ300 will be helpful in exploring the molecular pathways involved in the degradation of nitrophenols.
Primary hyperparathyroidism due to an intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma associated with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis
Authors: Cating-Cabral Monica Therese , Cabungcal Arsenio Claro , Villafuerte Cesar Vincent , Añel-Quimpo Joselynna
Published: June 2012

This is a case of a 44-year-old woman with an anterior neck mass and hypothyroidism who presented with an incidental finding of an elevated serum calcium level and was found to have primary hyperparathyroidism and osteoporosis. During surgical exploration no parathyroid adenoma was found, although a nodule was palpated within the right thyroid lobe. Examination of the excised right thyroid lobe revealed an intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. After surgery, she did not develop severe hypocalcaemia and this was attributed to preoperative treatment with pamidronate. In the months following surgery, parathyroid hormone remained undetectable.
Wernicke's encephalopathy induced by hyperemesis gravidarum
Authors: Palacios-Marqués Ana , Delgado-García Silvia , Martín-Bayón Tina , Martínez-Escoriza Juan Carlos
Published: June 2012

Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a reversible neurological emergency caused by thiamine deficiency. Prolonged vomiting in pregnancy results in thiamine depletion. The early recognition of its clinical signs and symptoms is essential to establish the suspected diagnosis and can be confirmed by MRI. Prompt administration of thiamine is important for preventing the occurrence of sequelae in the mother and for improving the fetal prognostic. We report a case of WE induced by hyperemesis gravidarum with a good maternal and fetal outcome.
At the twisted heart of nicotine addiction
Authors: Suffredini Dante A , Reed Robert Michael
Published: June 2012

This case report reviews the ECG manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Distinct changes of the P-wave axis, QRS axis and morphology are a direct result of the pathophysiological and anatomical changes associated with COPD. These changes are illustrated in a patient with a history of COPD presenting with hypoxaemia and symptoms of shortness of breath.
Type 1 sensitisation against aSteinernema feltiaeproduct
Authors: Thilsing Trine , Sherson David , Madsen Anne Mette , Baelum Jesper
Published: June 2012

The use of biological control measures (biopesticides) is a widespread and fundamental technique for crop protection in greenhouses. Previous reports have documented allergic sensitisation against predatory mites, bacteria and fungi. Till now no cases of sensitisation against nematode products have been described. Two subjects working at a flower greenhouse were examined at the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health at Odense University Hospital. A histamine release test revealed positive reaction against a nematode product containingSteinernema feltiae, but negative reaction when testing formulation ingredients separately. Skin prick testing with samples containingS feltiaeor mixed carrier medium, separately, revealed positive reactions in both subjects againstS feltiaesamples only. Skin prick testing among seven control subjects revealed no positive reactions. This is the first report indicating type 1 sensitivity against aS feltiaeproduct. These findings point to the need for guidelines and preventive measures when handling biopesticide products and biopesticide-treated plants.
Wind direction and mental health: a time-series analysis of weather influences in a patient with anxiety disorder
Authors: Bos Elisabeth Henriette , Hoenders Rogier , de Jonge Peter
Published: June 2012

Time-series analysis was used to study the associations between daily weather variables and symptomatology in a man suffering from recurrent anxiety. Outcome measures were the patient's main symptoms: anxiety and energy. Wind direction appeared to be related to the patient's energy levels; these were significantly lower when the wind blew from the southeast. This effect could not be explained by other weather parameters. Decreases in energy in turn predicted increases in anxiety. The reverse effect was observed as well, with increases in anxiety predicting decreases in energy, indicating a positive feedback loop.
The safety of anticoagulation in patients with intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Tarlov Nicholas , Norbash Alexander M , Nguyen Thanh N
Published: June 2012

Background and purpose

Little is known about the safety of long-term anticoagulation in patients with unruptured saccular intracranial aneurysms, although case reports of anticoagulation in patients with fusiform and saccular aneurysms have been published. The goal of this study was to estimate the rate of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to aneurysm rupture in patients with intracranial saccular aneurysms receiving therapeutic doses of anticoagulation.

Methods

This was a retrospective case series of patients with intradural aneurysms receiving therapeutic doses of anticoagulation (defined as a dose that achieves a target INR >2.0 or the equivalent dose of another anticoagulant). The primary outcome was SAH due to aneurysm rupture while receiving anticoagulation treatment. The rate of SAH due to aneurysm rupture was calculated among patients with aneurysms documented on imaging.

Results

42 patients with 48 intradural aneurysms on anticoagulation were identified. Their mean age was 67 years (range 40–83) and 28 (67%) were women. The mean aneurysm size was 5.1±3.6 mm and 40 (83%) aneurysms were in the anterior circulation. The mean±SD follow-up was 495±749 days per patient. Twelve patients had their aneurysms coiled, clipped or surgically wrapped before the period of anticoagulation. Three patients had clipping or coiling of their aneurysms during the period of anticoagulation. Six patients had a history of aneurysm rupture prior to anticoagulation, of which two were treated by coiling and four by clipping. Among the 48 aneurysms, 32 were never coiled or clipped prior to anticoagulation. No anticoagulated patients with known aneurysms developed SAH during 57 patient-years of follow-up. The patients with untreated aneurysms had 31 patient-years of follow-up and those who underwent clipping, coiling or surgical wrapping of their aneurysms had 26 patient-years of follow-up while receiving anticoagulation (for a combined total of 57 years of follow up).

Conclusions

The risk of aneurysm rupture is not increased in patients receiving systemic anticoagulation. However, these results should be interpreted with caution given the small sample size in this study and the need for a prospective study to confirm these findings.