bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homoeopathy in the management of headache and migraine – A narrative review
Authors: Pandey Dheeraj , Patil Anil V , Shinde Swati R
Published: April 2023

Background: Homeopathy appears scientifically implausible and is one of the most contentious CAM therapies. The purpose of this review is to summarise the treatment effects of homoeopathy in migraine. There will be no disease if there is no definite cause. The disease's nature will follow the cause, and the effect will make the person sick. The effects and the sick person will be treated in a straightforward and understandable manner. Migraine is the result of the cause, and the well-known Homoeopathic medicine can produce better results on this ailment when used in conjunction with the presence of the symptoms. This study is to search the well-known, rare medicine and its efficacy in such condition which is described in different literature as well as different research study. There are wide ranges of Homoeopathic medicines considered as rare remedies on the basis of paucity of symptoms and large number of medicine with rare symptoms representing the uniqueness when selected on the basis of totality. During practising Homoeopathic physician requires well-known medicine as well as rare medicine that helps to management of migraine.

Methods: Relevant studies were identified by a comprehensive literature search in electronic databases, reference list of relevant papers, and contacts with experts. Randomized controlled trials comparing individualized homeopathic treatment strategy with placebo were eligible. Information on patients, methods, interventions, outcomes, and results was extracted in a standardized manner and quality was assessed using a checklist and scoring system.

Results: Six papers met criteria for inclusion. Three out of the six papers studied migraine headache, two studied cervicogenic and tension type headache, and one included all types of headaches. Four studies were randomized clinical trials, and two were prospective observational studies. Validity scores ranged from 25.0% to 63.4%. Homeopathy was superior to placebo in one randomized clinical trial and equal to placebo in three randomized trials. In no study was homeopathy less effective than placebo in treating headache, or harmful. Two prospective observational studies demonstrated improvement in patients receiving homeopathic care.

Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of homeopathy for managing tension type, cervicogenic, or migraine headache. The studies reviewed possessed several flaws in design. Given these findings, further research is warranted to better investigate the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment of headaches. (J Chiropr Med 2004; 3:45–52)
A Single blind clinical study to access the role of homoeopathic constitutional remedies in primary enuresis in age group of 5-15 years.
Authors: Goud Bathula Sai Krishna , Dolas Vaishali V.
Published: April 2023

Background: Enuresis is one of the most common problems in children hampering daily lives and studies. Homoeopathy can be used in enuresis, however not much research has been done regarding this. This study was aimed to investigate whether homoeopathic medicines have effect in the treatment of patients with primary enuresis. 

Method: It is a randomized, single blind placebo control study, conducted at the outpatient department of Bharati Vidyapeeth (deemed to be university) Homeopathic college and research Centre, Pune. Total 45 patients enrolled, out of which 5 were dropped out and 40 completed trials with follow-ups. Outcome assessment was checked according to Likert scale and intensity of symptoms were recorded. 

Result: The final outcome was reduction in number of wet nights per week, decreased in no of wet nights per day, decreased in associated symptoms of enuresis along with behavioural change in patients with primary enuresis after 12 -14 weeks of outpatient care. Analysis was done using student paired “t” tests and one sample “t” test. A significant improvement was observed after treatment and patients showed symptomatic relief as well. Mean reduction in intensity of symptoms in experimental group is 23.80, in control group was 9.05 after completion of study. 

Conclusion: Constitutional Homoeopathic medicines produced significant effect in improving primary enuresis. Further studies with larger sample size and control group can provide a greater resource for proving that constitutional homoeopathic medicines have an effect in treatment in primary enuresis.
19 mm Urolithiasis expelled with Homoeopathic medicine: a case report.
Authors: Katravatu Nanaku Naik , Thiyagapriya C. , Saravanan G.
Published: April 2023

Renal calculi are a typical urological system problem. It involves the urinary tract's crystallization process. An obstruction in the ureter can produce renal or ureteric colic, an acute and debilitating pain. It typically happens in the ureter's more constrained regions. It may also be accompanied by other symptoms like hydronephrosis, haematuria, acute pain, nausea, and vomiting.  Case Summary: A case of multiple renal calculi in both kidneys with a 19mm calculus lodged at the PU (Ureteropelvic) Junction of the right kidney. The patient presented with severe cutting pain in the lumbar region in the abdomen with radiating pain from the right loin to left. The patient had pain before and after urination. After case-taking, based on the totality of symptoms and repertorization, Homoeopathic medicine, Lycopodium clavatum 200C was prescribed. That proved that Homoeopathic medicines are effective for the expulsion of renal stones.
A case study demonstrating homeopathy’s efficacy for corns
Authors: Pande Somnath
Published: April 2023

Corns are a common problem seen on the foot, hands, and fingers affecting a large population although the frequency is unknown. Corns are estimated to affect approximately 8 to 15% of the population in elderly patients. As it is a common disorder it can be seen affecting both men and women, because of the frequency of usage of silicae footwear and mostly in activities such as running and any human with weight-bearing is susceptible to the development of corns.
Effect of Aerobika Device versus Acapella Device on Sputum Volume and Lung Functions in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Patients- A Research Protocol
Authors: Tayade Vishakha , Vardhan Vishnu
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD) is an incurable, gradually worsening respiratory condition characterised by airflow limitation and blockage that cannot be completely reversed. Productive cough caused due to mucus hypersecretion is a common symptom of COPD. Clearing the lungs may aid in the conservation of energy and oxygen, as well as the prevention of lung infections. Therefore, Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure (OPEP) devices are designed to aid in sputum clearing in COPD patients. They are available in a variety of sizes and shapes and clear the airway with air pressure, oscillation, or high-frequency sound waves. Need of the Study: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) makes it challenging for air to flow freely into and out of the lungs. Shortness of breath, cough, and mucus in the lungs are all possible symptoms. Clearing the lungs may aid in the conservation of energy and oxygen, as well as the prevention of lung infections. To help clear away excess sputum, numerous airway clearance devices can be used. They are available in a variety of sizes and shapes and clear the airway with air pressure, oscillation, or high-frequency sound waves. Aim: To compare the effect of Aerobika vs. Acaplla device on sputum volume and lung function in COPD patients. Materials and Methods: A comparative study will be performed in respiratory medicine OPD of Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha. Ethical approval was received from the Ethical Review Committee of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed to be University. In this study 30 patients diagnosed with COPD will be categorised into two groups one group will receive aerobika device with conventional physiotherapy and another group will receive acapella device with conventional physiotherapy twice a day. Treatment will be given five days for one week. The assessment will be done on day one of the treatment and at the end of treatment which is first week. Sputum volume and lung function will be assessed by sputum collector and Pulmonary Function Test (PFT), respectively. The statistical analysis will be done using chisquare test. The parameters will be compared between both the groups for sputum volume and lung function over a period of one week. Data will be analysed in a statistical software SPSS 27.0.V.
Self-assertiveness and Perceived Parenting Style among Medical Students in Southern India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: George Meera , George Neethu , Britto Dharmaraj Rock
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The youth population particularly medical students should have the ability to express their feelings without hurting others and thus develop proper communication with the patients. The way they express and take decision shows their self-assertiveness. The communication potential and the assertivenss skill is developed mainly during the childhood partially through parental guidance. Aim: To assess self-assertiveness and perceived parenting style among medical students and to assess any association between the variables. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a crosssectional study among 400 prefinal and final-year medical students (MBBS) from Travancore Medical College, Kollam district Kerala, India for a period of two months from January-February 2020. The data was collected using a self-reported questionnaire method which includes- socio-demographic details, Rathus assertiveness scale to assess self-assertiveness, and parenting bond instrument to assess perceived parenting style. The association was assessed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. The data was collected in Microsoft excel and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: The mean age of the study population was 21.34±1.71 years, and there were 132 (33%) males, and 268 (67%) females. The study showed that 206 subjects (51.5%) had low assertiveness scores. Among subjects, most of the subjects {236 (59%) in the father and 252 (63%) in the mother} perceived their parents to have optimal parenting style. The male gender perceived the parents to be affectionless and high protection from the parents showed a significant reduction in the assertiveness scores. The study did not found any significant association between perceived parenting styles and the selfassertiveness score of medical students. In case of father, the Chi-square value was 7.27, and p-value was 0.20 and for mother the Chi-square value was 4.93 and the p-value was 0.08. Conclusion: Most of the medical students have low selfassertiveness score and perceived their parents to have optimal parenting styles. Even though the study showed an absence of association between the perceived parenting style and selfassertiveness, the importance of being assertive should be established among students and measures can be adopted to make a family consultation.
Загадка глубокофокусной сейсмичности разрешена, "Природа"
Authors: Родкин М.В.
Published: April 2023

Давно известен парадокс сейсмичности — землетрясения по механизму обычного хрупкого разрушения не могут реализовываться на глубинах более нескольких десятков километров. Однако землетрясения происходят и много глубже. Для объяснения таких событий были предложены модели, которые связывали их возникновение с выделением флюида и с фазовыми превращениями в погружающихся плитах. Но изменению физических механизмов землетрясений должны отвечать изменения параметров очагов с глубиной, а таких трансформаций до недавнего времени выявлено не было. Соответственно, загадка глубокофокусных землетрясений оставалась нерешенной. Недавно такие изменения, хорошо согласующиеся с теоретически ожидаемыми, наконец-то были обнаружены. Тем самым почти вековая загадка природы глубоких землетрясений нашла свое разрешение.
Дальний Восток, Кузнецовы, Янковские: добрые пожелания на фоне охоты, "Природа"
Authors: Новиков М.А. , Харламова М.Н.
Published: April 2023

Обнаруженная в антикварной лавке Мурманска подборка старых открыток начала ХХ в. с изображением сцен охоты рассматривается как исторический документ, интересное свидетельство давно ушедшей эпохи. По почтовому штемпелю безошибочно определяется год отправки и получения корреспонденции, а также адрес получателя. Вчитавшись в незатейливый текст и соединив все воедино, можно узнать новое об известном и приоткрыть забытые страницы жизни людей на Дальнем Востоке в царской России.
Свидетельства эволюции древних слонов из Чеченской Республики, "Природа"
Authors: Даукаев А.А. , Мащенко Е.Н. , Абубакарова Э.А.
Published: April 2023

Одним из самых интересных результатов палеонтологических исследований на территории Чеченской Республики стало открытие здесь свидетельств эволюции плейстоценовых слонов. Еще в 1920-х гг. были обнаружены остатки древних слонов в окрестностях г.Грозный. В 1968 г. там же был найден бивень еще одного ископаемого слона. В 2010 г. в Комплексный научно-исследовательский институт имени Х.И.Ибрагимова РАН (Грозный) были переданы ископаемые остатки представителя рода южных слонов, свидетельствующие о древнем этапе эволюции слонов на территории республики.
Архив данных по истории карбонатообразования в Мировом океане, "Природа"
Authors: Леин А.Ю.
Published: April 2023

В статье делается попытка представить обзор текущего состояния знаний о размещении и происхождении аутигенных карбонатов в океане, которые связывают углерод разных источников и влияют на баланс массы изотопов углерода и серы. Наибольший интерес среди морских аутигенных карбонатов вызывают метанпроизводные корки и конкреции в осадках вблизи выходов холодных метановых сипов. К началу 2000-х годов было установлено присутствие в анаэробных сульфатсодержащих экосистемах консорциума метанотрофных архей и сульфатредуцирущих бактерий, способных окислять метан. Этот биогеохимический процесс приводит к образованию мощного микробного фильтра, который снижает природную эмиссию метана — одного из основных парниковых газов.
Батагайский провал, "Природа"
Authors: Мурзин Ю.А. , Фёдоров С.Е.
Published: April 2023

В середине XX в. на Янском плоскогорье в долине р.Батагайки появился небольшой овраг. Он начал стремительно расти и к настоящему времени превратился в огромную термокарстовую пропасть, которая теперь носит название Батагайский провал. Его появлению способствовала целая совокупность факторов — как природных, так и антропогенных.
«СРЕДНИЕ ВЕКА»: ПУТЬ К ЖУРНАЛУ, "Средние века"
Authors: Кущ Т.В. , Уваров П.Ю.
Published: April 2023

В статье рассматривается ранний период истории журнала «Средние века» – от выхода в свет первого выпуска (1942 г.) до окончательного оформления его как ежегодника в середине 1960-х годов. По замыслу создателей, «Средние века» должны были стать периодическим изданием, публикующим исследования по истории Средних веков. Однако первые выпуски сборника научных трудов выходили в свет нерегулярно – только с выпуска IV он стал ежегодным изданием. Редакция «Средних веков» стремилась получить статус журнала, что в советское время обеспечивало включение в план академических изданий, регулярность выхода и увеличение количества номеров в год. На основе архивных материалов, анализа выпусков «Средних веков» и их содержания авторы статьи рассматривают попытки редакции превратить сборник в периодическое издание. В статье отмечаются сложности, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться редакции при подготовке выпусков, и роль главного редактора и заведующего сектором истории Средних веков в выработке редакционной политики. И хотя в советское время «Средние века» не приобрели статуса журнала, редакции удалось добиться увеличения количества ежегодных выпусков и их объема. Благодаря усилиям Е.А. Косминского, Н.А. Сидоровой, С.Д. Сказкина, редакционной коллегии и сектора «Средние века» стали ведущим научным изданием советских медиевистов.
СМОЛЕНСКАЯ БОГОМАТЕРЬ В XVII в.: КАТОЛИЧЕСКАЯ ЛЕГЕНДА О ПРАВОСЛАВНОЙ ИКОНЕ, "Средние века"
Authors: Королев А.А.
Published: April 2023

Статья посвящена католическому почитанию Смоленской иконы Богоматери в период пребывания Смоленска в составе Речи Посполитой. Легендарное сказание об иконе, составленное монахами-доминиканцами, восходило к позднесредневековым преданиям о Ченстоховской Богоматери, но соответствовало современным тенденциям в польской и западнорусской литературе о чудотворных иконах. Инвективы в адрес «московитов» были отражением восточноевропейской межконфессиональной полемики. Доминиканская легенда, вероятно, послужила основой для православного сказания о Смоленской иконе, которое имело противоположную идеологическую направленность.
«БЫТЬ МОЖЕТ, ВЫ НЕ ЗАБЫЛИ НАШУ ВСТРЕЧУ В ОСЛО…»: письма Е.А. Косминского Х. Кэм (1957–1959), "Средние века"
Authors: Земляков М.В. , Ковалёв М.В. , Окунева О.В.
Published: April 2023

Настоящая публикация содержит перевод с английского языка писем, отправленных академиком АН СССР, профессором МГУ Евгением Алексеевичем Косминским (1886–1959) действительному члену Британской академии, председателю Международной комиссии по истории представительных и парламентских учреждений Хелен Мод Кэм (1885–1968) в период с 1957 по 1959 г. Эти письма хранятся в Архиве Гёртон-колледжа Кембриджского университета в личном фонде Х.М. Кэм и вводятся в научный оборот впервые. В них речь идёт об официальном включении советской делегации в работу Комиссии, а также обсуждается тематика докладов Е.А. Косминского, других советских участников Комиссии и учёных из стран Центральной и Восточной Европы на ежегодных сессиях Комиссии в 1957–1960 гг. (в Париже, Брюсселе, Инсбруке, Стокгольме). В некоторых письмах прослеживается расхождение взглядов Е.А. Косминского и Х. Кэм в понимании ключевых общественно-политических категорий Средневековья (прежде всего таких, как «феодализм» и «монархия»). В письмах находится место и бытовым вопросам: упоминанию радостей садоводства и описанию Е.А. Косминским состояния своего здоровья. Несмотря на некоторые умолчания при обсуждении текущих вопросов (например, о невозможности принятия независимой от СССР заявки венгерской делегации на заседания Комиссии), переписку отличают дружелюбный тон и глубокое уважение собеседников друг к другу.
ФАВОРИТ И ВАССАЛ: ЛЮБОВЬ И ДРУЖБА ПРИ ДВОРЕ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЫХ ПРАВИТЕЛЕЙ (КУАМЕНАН Д.Б.Р. КОРОЛЬ, ЕГО ФАВОРИТ И БАРОНЫ: ЛЕГИТИМАЦИЯ И ДЕЛЕГИТИМАЦИЯ КОРОЛЕВСКОЙ ВЛАСТИ В АНГЛИИ И ФРАНЦИИ XIV–XV вв. Гейдельберг: Издательство Гейдельбергского университета, 2021.
Authors: Пономарева М.А.
Published: April 2023

Рецензируемая монография Д.Б.Р. Куаменана посвящена фаворитизму, рассмотренному в контексте стратегий легитимации и делегитимации власти французских и английских королей позднего Средневековья. Новаторство подхода Д.Б.Р. Куаменана состоит в том, что он исследует феномен фаворитизма не только с политической, но и с культурной точки зрения. Автор показывает, что понятие дружбы, встроенное в базовые принципы феодального общества, служило для легитимации королевской власти, а против фаворитизма, который подрывал сложившиеся феодальные отношения, поскольку был основан на личной симпатии, а не на вассальной принадлежности, и, соответственно, для делегитимации власти монарха, имевшего фаворита, использовалось понятие содомии.
«БЕГ НА КОЛЕНЯХ», «КИВКИ ПАЛЬЦАМИ» И ПРОЧИЕ «НЕНАСТЬЯ», ИЛИ О ТОМ, КАКИМ НЕ ДОЛЖЕН БЫТЬ НАУЧНЫЙ ПЕРЕВОД (ВЕДЬМЫ ИЗ ВАРБОЙС / Перевод, комментарии и послесловие Д.Г. Хрусталева. СПб.: Лимбус Пресс, 2020. 288 с.), "Средние века"
Authors: Тогоева О.И. , Серегина А.Ю.
Published: April 2023

В статье детально разбирается впервые опубликованный на русском языке перевод английского антиведовского памфлета 1593 г. Авторы отмечают в целом крайне непрофессиональный характер данной публикации: неточный и неграмотный перевод, незнание специальной терминологии, неудовлетворительное знакомство переводчика с реалиями елизаветинской Англии: особенностями религиозного вопроса, уголовным и процессуальным правом, отличиями сугубо английской демонологии от континентальной, самой сутью феномена одержимости. Авторы статьи отмечают также исключительно низкий уровень работы издательства «Лимбус Пресс», которое не позаботилось ни о научной, ни о литературной редактуре рецензируемого издания.
САМАЯ НАРОДНАЯ НАУКА, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Минин А.А.
Published: April 2023

Фенология – наука о сезонных изменениях в природе и их причинах. Фенологические наблюдения – это фиксация дат наступления ежегодно повторяющихся явлений (событий) в состоянии объектов живой и неживой природы в определённых географических пунктах. Вероятно, это самый древний способ познания природы, направленный на прогнозирование изменений её состояния и выработку приспособления человека к ним.
Predictors of Death for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in the First Year of the Pandemic in Northern Brazil - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sardinha Daniele Melo , Rodrigues Yan Corrêa , Ferreira Ana Lúcia da Silva , Lima Karla Valéria Batista , Guimarães Ricardo José de Paula Souza e , Lima Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa
Published: April 2023

Objective: Identified predictors of death for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the First Year of the Pandemic in Northern Brazil.

Methods: A longitudinal retrospective cohort study was carried out, using data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health's COVID-19 severe case and hospitalization notification forms, considering the period from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. The extracted variables were related to the epidemiological profile and outcome of the disease. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, with chi-square test by contingency table, binary logistic regression, and survival analysis.

Results: Those vaccinated against influenza were associated with survivors in univariate and multivariate analysis, as well as survival analysis. The predictors of lethality were invasive ventilation (OR 6.627; CI 5.780–7.597), other pneumopathy (OR 1.901; CI 1.439–2.510), dyspnea (OR 1.899; CI 1.737–2.076), immunodeficiency (OR 1.905; CI 1.493–2.431), hospitalized in ICU (OR 1.764; CI 1.588–1.959), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.753; CI 1.396–2.203), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.210; CI 1.108–1.321), and male sex (OR 1.198; CI 1.111–1.293).

Conclusion: Those vaccinated against influenza were associated with survival; namely, they showed a lower risk of death in the regression and showed longer survival in the survival analysis, when compared to those who were not vaccinated. The lethality was higher than the other studies, while the predictors were similar. Evidencing that COVID-19 had more impact on deaths, which may be associated with the vulnerability factors of the region.
A Preliminary Survey of Harmful Date Palm Fauna in D. I. Khan
Authors: Khan Ejaz Ahmad , Hussain Iqtidar , Ullah M. Niamat , Khan Muhammad Aqdas Takreem
Published: April 2023

A survey was conducted to find out date palm fauna in D.I. Khan on the variety “Dhakki” in the months of June to September, 2014. The observed insects including Rhynchoforus ferrugineus, Palaminus  simony,  Palaminus  nilgirienses  (Staphylinidae),  Sparostes  striatulus  (Carabidae), Coccinella septumpunctata (Coccinellidae), Clerada apicicornis (Lygidae),  Monomorium indicum (Formicidae)  and  Blata  orientalis  (Blattidae).  All the three stages (larva, pupa and adult)  of Rhynchophorus ferrugenius were collected from within the palm and it was found as the major insect. Among the pollinating insects; beetles, bees (honey bees and bumble bees) and flies were observed and collected. In addition to above mentioned insects, myriads of arachnids viz. Peucitia prasina, Acanthodan crassus, Acanthodan fortis and snails viz.  Monoca obstructa were also collected from the leaves and stem, respectively. All the insects had no influence on the date palm, except Red Palm Weevil (RPW).
Evaluation of the Causes of Collective Food Poisoning (CFP) in University Campuses in Senegal Relating to a Lack of Qualification of University Restaurant Staff
Authors: Samba Faye , Cheikh Thiaw , Mamadou LO , Bou Ndiaye , Malick Mbengue , Demba Sow , Toffène Diome , Mbacké Sembène
Published: April 2023

In Senegal, public universities namely: UGB, UCAD, UIT, UADB and UASZ are often the scene of violent mood movements of students following the occurrence of a Collective Food Poisoning (CFP). These diseases are caused by the consumption of dangerous meals usually prepared by unskilled actors. This study aims to identify the shortcomings related to the lack of qualification of those involved in the catering industry and the causes of CFP, by specifically determining their levels: behaviour, qualification, risk in CFP outbreaks, bacteriological contamination of surfaces and food to which students are exposed. To do this, a questionnaire was developed and a team of investigators was formed. From 2012 to 2017, a retrospective survey was conducted. The choice of targets focused on students, restaurateurs, food vendors, residence chefs and medical workers. A system has been set up for the collection and analysis of food samples (processed fish, hot meals, unpasteurized juices and sandwiches) and surfaces (trays and hands of divers and waitresses) at the UCAD ESEA restaurant under aseptic conditions. Data processing was carried out using an Excel spreadsheet and XLStat software. We have respectively in University Restaurants, University Residences, Fast Foods and Outdoor Restaurants: (17.47; 43.24; 22.21 and 17.08), (21.05; 33.05; 14.02 and 31.88) and (65.4; 21.16; 10.96 and 2.48) for the level of actors' behaviour, qualification and percentage risk. The level of contamination of trays, divers, waitresses, processed fish, meals, unpasteurized juice and sandwiches is 50%, 48%, 55%, 74%, 100%, 94% and 91.5% respectively. In the analysis of these results, it can be said that some causes of CFP are related to the lack of qualification of the staff and therefore, the training of these actors is a priority on these university campuses. To ensure safe meals and student safety, highly qualified staff must be recruited and continuously trained in good hygiene practices and HACCP.
Symptoms and Predisposing Factors of Breast and Cervical Cancer among Women Employees in a Southwest Nigerian University
Authors: A. Adebimpe, Oluwafisayo , I. Babatunde S. , A. Taiwo O. , O. Ojeleye , O. Famurewa , A. Adekanle D.
Published: April 2023

The leading cause of mortality among women has been identified as breast and cervical cancer in Nigeria. The objective of the study identified the symptoms and predisposing factors associated with breast and cervical cancer among the participants. A cross-sectional design and convenience sampling technique was used to recruit 460 women between the age of 18-60 years at a southwestern Nigerian university. Chi-square analysis revealed that bleeding per vagina after intercourse (X2 (4) = 28.0590, p < 0.00), vagina discharge (X2 (14) =20.3584, p < 0.00), painful intercourse X2  (4) = 10.8698, p < 0.03), genetic inheritance (X2  (4) =12.6040, p < 0.01) were significant among the symptoms and predisposing factors of cervical cancer. However, family history, cigarette smoking, consumption of fatty diets, environmental factors, and age were significant X2  (12) =38.9467, p < 0.00) for breast cancer.
Comprehensive Smile Makeover: A Case Report and 1 Year Follow up
Authors: Handa Aashish , Bhullar Kanwalpreet Kaur , Grover Jasneel Singh , Goyal Smiley , Surbhi  , Kaur Rupam
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Dental Fluorosis is one of the common reasons of an unesthetic smile affecting confidence of patient. Depending upon the duration and exposure to fluoride, it can be mild, moderate or severe.

Case Report: The present case report aimed to rehabilitate esthetically a patient with fluorosis, rotated teeth and spacing in maxillary anterior region using a conservative approach.

Results: The post-operative esthetic appearance of the patient was enhanced and follow up to one year showed acceptable and stable esthetic outcomes.

Conclusion: Though, there are various treatment modalities available for esthetic makeovers, accurate diagnosis, diligent treatment planning and choice of available materials can lead to better esthetic results.
Social representations about the health and disease process in catholic belief / Representações sociais sobre o processo de saúde e doença na crença católica
Authors: Da Silva Silvio Éder Dias , Aparecida Ferreira de Oliveira Márcia , Alves Ferreira Jaqueline , Araújo dos Santos Jeferson , Pereira Rodrigues Diego , Madeira Rodrigues Diana
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: estudo objetivou descrever as representações sociais de pacientes católicos e analisar as implicações do seu imaginário para o processo saúde-doença. Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Realizado em um hospital oncológico, tendo como participantes pessoas autodeclaradas católicas. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada e técnica de livre associação de palavras para coleta de dados. Resultados: emergiram três unidades temáticas: A representação da doença para cristões católicos; A religião católica como alicerce no processo de adoecimento; Representação da doença para católicos: enfermidades adquiridas por infringirmos as leis de Deus. Considerações finais: a religiosidade é parte significativa no cotidiano das pessoas e deve ser respeitada independente da crença do profissional.
Diagnosis and Management of Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Tritos Nicholas A. , Miller Karen K.
Published: April 2023

Importance

Pituitary adenomas are neoplasms of the pituitary adenohypophyseal cell lineage and include functioning tumors, characterized by the secretion of pituitary hormones, and nonfunctioning tumors. Clinically evident pituitary adenomas occur in approximately 1 in 1100 persons.

Observations

Pituitary adenomas are classified as either macroadenomas (≥10 mm) (48% of tumors) or microadenomas (<10 mm). Macroadenomas may cause mass effect, such as visual field defects, headache, and/or hypopituitarism, which occur in about 18% to 78%, 17% to 75%, and 34% to 89% of patients, respectively. Thirty percent of pituitary adenomas are nonfunctioning adenomas, which do not produce hormones. Functioning tumors are those that produce an excess of normally produced hormones and include prolactinomas, somatotropinomas, corticotropinomas, and thyrotropinomas, which produce prolactin, growth hormone, corticotropin, and thyrotropin, respectively. Approximately 53% of pituitary adenomas are prolactinomas, which can cause hypogonadism, infertility, and/or galactorrhea. Twelve percent are somatotropinomas, which cause acromegaly in adults and gigantism in children, and 4% are corticotropinomas, which secrete corticotropin autonomously, resulting in hypercortisolemia and Cushing disease. All patients with pituitary tumors require endocrine evaluation for hormone hypersecretion. Patients with macroadenomas additionally require evaluation for hypopituitarism, and patients with tumors compressing the optic chiasm should be referred to an ophthalmologist for formal visual field testing. For those requiring treatment, first-line therapy is usually transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, except for prolactinomas, for which medical therapy, either bromocriptine or cabergoline, is usually first line.

Conclusions and Relevance

Clinically manifest pituitary adenomas affect approximately 1 in 1100 people and can be complicated by syndromes of hormone excess as well as visual field defects and hypopituitarism from mass effect in larger tumors. First-line therapy for prolactinomas consists of bromocriptine or cabergoline, and transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is first-line therapy for other pituitary adenomas requiring treatment.
Measurement of Dimensions of Self-awareness of Memory Function and Their Association With Clinical Progression in Cognitively Normal Older Adults
Authors: Mimmack Kayden J. , Gagliardi Geoffroy P. , Marshall Gad A. , Vannini Patrizia ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Weiner Michael W. , Toga Arthur W. , Beckett Laurel , Aisen Paul , Petersen Ronald , Locascio Joseph
Published: April 2023

Importance

The ability to separately explore 2 dimensions of self-awareness of memory function—increased and decreased awareness—in cognitively normal older adults provides an important opportunity to understand subtle changes in either direction in relation to risk of Alzheimer disease.

Objective

To investigate the association of a novel measure for self-awareness of memory function with future clinical progression in individuals who were cognitively normal at baseline.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, a multicenter study. Participants were older adults who were cognitively normal (ie, Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] global score of 0) at baseline and had at least 2 years of follow-up. Data were collected from June 2010 to December 2021 and pulled from the University of Southern California Laboratory of Neuro Imaging database on January 18, 2022. Clinical progression was defined as the first instance of 2 consecutive follow-up CDR scale global scores of 0.5 or greater.

Main Outcomes and Measures

A traditional awareness score was measured by calculating the mean discrepancy between the participant and their study partner’s scores on the Everyday Cognition questionnaire. An unawareness or heightened awareness subscore was generated by capping item-level positive or negative differences at zero before averaging. The main outcome—risk of future clinical progression—was analyzed for each baseline awareness measure using Cox regression analysis. Longitudinal trajectories of each measure were additionally compared using linear mixed-effects models.

Results

The 436-person sample included 232 (53.2%) female participants, with a mean (SD) age of 74.5 (6.7) years; 25 participants (5.7%) were Black, 14 (3.2%) Hispanic, and 398 (91.3%) White; and 91 participants (20.9%) clinically progressed over their period of observation. Survival analyses showed that a 1-point improvement on the unawareness subscore was associated with an 84% reduction in progression hazard (hazard ratio, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.07-0.35]; P < .001), or equivalently, a 1-point decrease was associated with a 540% increase in progression hazard (95% CI, 183% to 1347%), with no significant results for the heightened awareness or traditional scores.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of 436 cognitively normal older adults, unawareness, rather than heightened awareness, of memory decline was strongly associated with future clinical progression, providing further support that discordant self- and informant-reported cognitive decline may provide important information to practitioners.
Response Regulation for Epidermal Fabric Strain Sensors via Mechanical Strategy
Authors: Bai Yunzhao , Yin Liting , Hou Chao , Zhou Yunlei , Zhang Fan , Xu Zhangyu , Li Kan , Huang YongAn
Published: April 2023

Advances in fabric strain sensors have established a route to comfortable‐to‐wear flexible electronics with particularly remarkable permeability and low modulus due to their porous fabric microstructure. A key challenge that remains unsolved is to regulate the sensor response via on‐demand design for a variety of application scenarios to sufficiently exploit the highest possible sensitivity. While recent reports have described a variety of options in varying the material and orientation of the overall fiber mat, the development of approaches where multiple sensors with different responses can be integrated on a single substrate without affecting macroscopic mechanical properties remains an area of continued interest. Herein, a simple mechanical strategy is reported, which plates the patterned functional material on the fabric mat at a pre‐stretched state in the prescribed direction, and control of direction and prestrain forms either sensors with different responses or strain‐insensitive interconnects. A systematic study has revealed the underlying mechanism of this strategy, which can serve as a guideline for the on‐demand design and fabrication of fabric strain sensors. Demonstration applications in motion monitoring bandages and gesture recognition gloves illustrate capabilities in functional epidermal sensing devices.
Constructing a Multifunctional Interlayer toward Ultra‐High Critical Current Density for Garnet‐Based Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Gao Min , Gong Zhinan , Li Hongqiang , Zhao Haibin , Chen Daming , Wei Yaqing , Li De , Li Yuanxun , Yang Liang , Chen Yong
Published: April 2023

All‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs), exhibiting great advantages of high energy density and safety, are proposed to be the next generation energy storage system. However, the successful commercialization of garnet‐based ASSLBs is hindered by the poor contact between solid‐state electrolytes (Li6.25Ga0.25La3Zr2O12, LGLZO) and lithium anode, as well as low critical current density (CCD). Herein, an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer is prepared on LGLZO by ultrasonic spraying technique, where ITO reacts with molten lithium to form a composite interlayer, consisting of Li13In3, Li2O, and LiInSn. Experiments and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that such a unique interlayer plays a multifunctional role in achieving simultaneously better interface wettability, uniform Li deposition, and dendrite suppression at Li/LGLZO interface. Consequently, the CCD of ITO‐treated symmetric cell is increased to a record‐high value of 12.05 mA cm−2 at room temperature, which is expected to promote practical application of ASSLBs. Moreover, the Li/ITO@LGLZO/Li cell exhibits a low interfacial resistance of only 5.9 Ω cm2 and performs stable electrochemical operations for over 2000 h at 2 mA cm−2. The Li/ITO@LGLZO/LiFePO4 full cell also delivers superior electrochemical performances, demonstrating the efficiency of the ITO layer.
Towards All‐Solid‐State Polymer Batteries: Going Beyond PEO with Hybrid Concepts
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hsuan , Lennartz Peter , Liu Kun Ling , Hsieh Yi‐Chen , Scharf Felix , Guerdelli Rayan , Buchheit Annika , Grünebaum Mariano , Kempe Fabian , Winter Martin , Brunklaus Gunther
Published: April 2023

To go beyond polyethylene oxide in lithium metal batteries, a hybrid polymer/oligomer cell design is presented, where an ester oligomer provides high ionic conductivity of 0.2 mS cm−1 at 40 °C within thicker composite cathodes with active mass loadings of up to 11 mg cm−2 (LiNbO3‐coated) LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2 (NMC622), while a 30 µm thin scaffold‐supported polymer electrolyte affords mechanical stability. Corresponding discharge capacities of the hybrid cells exceed 170 mAh g−1 (11 mg cm−2) or 160 mAh g−1 (6 mg cm−2) at rates of either 0.1 or 0.25 C. Multilayer pouch cells are projected to enable energy densities of 235 Wh L−1 (6 mg cm−2) and even up to 356 Wh L−1 (11 mg cm−2), clearly superior to other reported polymer‐based cell designs. Polyester electrolytes are environmentally benign and safer compared to common liquid electrolytes, while the straightforward synthesis and affordability of precursors render hybrid polyester electrolytes suitable candidates for future application in solid‐state lithium metal batteries.
Engineering Molybdenum‐Assisted Tellurium Nanosonosensitizers for Enhanced Sonodynamic Tumor Nanotherapy
Authors: Dong Lile , Li Wenjuan , Luo Yu , Liu Chaoran , Li Kai , Chen Yu , Hong Guobin
Published: April 2023

Materdicine‐augmented sonodynamic therapy has emerged as an efficient noninvasive strategy for cancer treatment by generating reactive oxygen species associated with the cavitation effect and sonosensitizers. However, semiconductor‐based inorganic nanosonosensitizers have undesirable nondegradability, which can cause unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy and potential toxicity. With the aim of overcoming this obstacle, in this study, Mo‐assisted Te (MT) nanosonosensitizers with high oxidative degradation abilities are engineered for photoacoustic imaging (PA)‐guided sonodynamic tumor nanotherapy. Intriguingly, the engineered MT nanosonosensitizers can generate abundant singlet oxygen under ultrasound irradiation to eradicate tumor cells, thereby demonstrating its ability to achieve high tumor growth inhibition rates. In particular, MT nanosonosensitizers exhibit oxidative degradation properties that guarantee desirable biocompatibility and potentiate clinical translation. Therefore, this study validates a paradigm for theory‐oriented design of sonodynamic tumor nanotherapy.
Ultralong Cycle Life for Deep Potassium Storage Enabled by BiOCl/MXene van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Cao Xin , You Yuying , Sha Dawei , Xia Huan , Wang Hang , Zhang Jing , Hu Rongxiang , Wei Yicheng , Bao Zhuoheng , Xu Yang , Pan Long , Lu Chengjie , He Wei , Zhou Min , Sun ZhengMing
Published: April 2023

Conversion/alloying‐type anodes are drawing attention due to their high theoretical capacities, but inferior reversibility, especially under low current densities, has hampered potential applications. Conventional strategies mainly focus on conversion/alloying processes, whereas the intercalation process is rarely analyzed. Herein, the intercalation process is correlated with conversion/alloying processes by ion dispersion states. BiOCl/Ti3C2Tx MXene van der Waals heterostructure is selected as a proof‐of‐concept system. Multifunctional MXenes not only contribute to atomic dispersion and boosted ion diffusion at the first cycle by constructing a novel heterostructure but serve as supporting frameworks to sustain long‐term structural stability. Consequently, a cell with BiOCl/MXene anode delivers an ultralong cycle‐life of running over ten months, maintaining a high capacity of 225 mAh g−1 over 1300 cycles at 100 mA g−1 and a retention of 81.3%. These findings verify that enhanced initial intercalation can facilitate higher reversibility and shed light on developing high‐performance conversion/alloying‐type anodes.
Selective Methionine Pool Exhaustion Mediated by a Sequential Positioned MOF Nanotransformer for Intense Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Zhang Lu , Liu Zhenqi , Zhang Yanjie , Zhu Jiawei , Liu Mengmeng , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: April 2023

Cancer cells are addictive to exogenous methionine to gear toward tumor proliferation. Meanwhile, they can replenish methionine pool from polyamine metabolism through a methionine salvage pathway. However, the current developed therapeutic tactics for methionine depletion are still facing great challenges in terms of the selectivity, safety, and efficiency. Herein, a sequential positioned metal–organic framework (MOF) nanotransformer is designed to selectively exhaust the methionine pool via inhibiting the uptake of methionine and throttling its salvage pathway for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. The MOF nanotransformer can restrain the open source and reduce the reflux of methionine to exhaust the methionine pool of cancer cells. Moreover, the intracellular traffic routes of the sequential positioned MOF nanotransformer match well with the distribution of polyamines, which is conducive to the oxidation of polyamines via its responsive deformability and nanozyme‐augmented Fenton‐like reaction for the final exhaustion of intracellular methionine. These results verify that the well‐designed platform cannot only kill cancer cells efficiently but also promote the infiltration of CD8 and CD4 T cells for intensive cancer immunotherapy. Overall, it is believed that this work will inspire the construction of novel MOF‐based antineoplastic platforms and provide new insights into the development of metabolic‐related immunotherapy.
Life‐Cycle Assessment of Ti3C2Tx MXene Synthesis
Authors: Dadashi Firouzjaei Mostafa , Nemani Srinivasa Kartik , Sadrzadeh Mohtada , Wujcik Evan K. , Elliott Mark , Anasori Babak
Published: April 2023

MXenes, 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, have been investigated for diverse applications since their discovery; however, their life‐cycle assessment (LCA) has not been studied. Here, a “cradle to gate” LCA is performed to assess the cumulative energy demand (CED) and environmental impacts of lab‐scale synthesis of Ti3C2Tx, the most researched MXene composition. Electromagnetic interface (EMI) shielding is selected as it is one of MXenes' most promising applications and LCA of Ti3C2Tx synthesis is compared to aluminum and copper foils, two typical EMI‐shielding materials. Two laboratory‐scale MXene synthesis systems—gram and kilogram batches—are examined. The CED and environmental implications of Ti3C2Tx synthesis are investigated based on its precursor production, selective etching, delamination processes, laboratory location, energy mix, and raw material type. These results show that laboratory electricity usage for the synthesis processes accounts for >70% of the environmental impacts. Manufacturing 1.0 kg of industrial‐scale aluminum and copper foil releases 23.0 kg and 8.75 kg of CO2, respectively, while 1.0 kg of lab‐scale MXene synthesis releases 428.10 kg. Chemical usage is less impactful than electricity, which suggests that recycled resources and renewable energy can make MXene synthesis more sustainable. Understanding MXene LCA helps the industrialization of this material.
Ultrathin and Ultra‐Broadband Terahertz Single‐Layer Metasurface Based on Double‐Arrow‐Shaped Resonator Structure for Full‐Space Wavefront Manipulation
Authors: Yang Dongru , Cheng Yongzhi , Luo Hui , Chen Fu , Wu Ling
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a simple design of an ultrathin and ultra‐broadband single‐layer MS based on double‐arrow‐shaped resonator (DASR) structure for both transmission and reflection modes in terahertz (THz) region is presented. The single‐layer MS is composed of a periodic array of the combination of the metal DASR and complementary circular patch (CCP) adhered on an ultrathin dielectric substrate. Numerical results show that the MS structure can convert CP wave to its orthogonal component after reflection and transmission simultaneously, and the corresponding amplitudes are ≈0.45 on average from 0.45 to 1.75 THz with a relative bandwidth of 118.2%, in which the CP conversion efficiency is closing to theoretical limit (25%) of the single‐layer structure. Furthermore, the 0–2π phase shifts for the reflected and transmitted orthogonal CP wave can be achieved simultaneously by adjusting the oriented angle (α) of the DASR structure along the wave propagation direction. For the concept proofs, wave beams deflection, vortex beam generation, and focusing effect for both reflection and transmission modes are demonstrated numerically. The design can provide new possibilities and potential to develop multifunctional full‐space devices.