bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asprosin regulates male reproduction in teleosts: an in vitro study in Channa punctata
Authors: Sathoria Priyanka , Chuphal Bhawna , Rai Umesh , Roy Brototi
Published: September 2024

The novel adipokine asprosin, produced by the furin enzymatic cleavage of profibrillin 1 protein (encoded by the Fbn1 gene), is implicated in regulating many physiological functions, including reproduction in mammals. In males, asprosin is reported to increase sperm density, sperm motility, and steroid production by interacting with Olfr734, which belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor family (GPCR). In 2023, our group predicted and characterized asprosin in silico for the first time and demonstrated the robust expression of fbn1, and furin in the gonads of teleost spotted snakehead (ss) Channa punctata. Taking it forward, in the current study, we have investigated the effect of asprosin on the testicular functions of the spotted snakehead. As C. punctata is a seasonal breeder, the reproductive-phase-dependent expression of fbn1 in the testis was analyzed, showing significant upregulation during the preparatory and post-spawning phases. Additionally, bacterially overexpressed recombinant asprosin of C. punctata was purified to study the effect of ss asprosin on gametogenesis and steroidogenesis. Ex vivo treatment with recombinant asprosin resulted in significant upregulation of spermatogenic marker genes pcna, aldh1a2, cyp26a1, and sycp3. Asprosin also enhanced the gene expression of gonadotropin receptors, as well as sex steroid receptors, in addition to steroidogenic genes star and cyp17a1. Further exploring the downstream signaling cascade, the second messenger of GPCRs, cAMP levels following asprosin treatment were analyzed. Asprosin treatment prominently enhanced cAMP levels, thereby indicating the involvement of GPCR in the transduction of asprosin action. Hence, the study elucidates the regulation of male reproductive function by asprosin in spotted snakeheads.
SHIFT OF VIBRATIONAL ENERGY LEVELS OF MOLECULES UNDER ISOTOPICAL SUBSTITUTION. ISOTOPIC SERIES AND SEMI-EMPIRICAL APPROACH
Authors: БЫКОВ А.Д. , ВОРОНИН Б.А.
Published: September 2024

Теория возмущений применена для вычисления колебательных уровней энергии изотопозамещенных молекул. В рамках приближения Борна-Оппенгеймера получено представление изотопических сдвигов энергетических уровней в виде рядов по степеням малых параметров - относительного изменения масс замещаемых атомов. Коэффициенты рядов являются функциями молекулярных констант только одной модификации изотопического семейства молекулы. Это позволяет, определив эти коэффициенты либо расчетом, либо на основе полуэмпирического подхода из экспериментальных данных, вычислить изотопические сдвиги для любых изотопологов, в том числе и короткоживущих. В качестве примера рассчитаны изотопические сдвиги уровней нестабильных изотопологов воды Н2ХО, Х = 13-15, 19-24, имеющих время полураспада более 1 мс. Полученные значения уровней сравниваются с результатами вариационных вычислений с высокоточной функцией внутримолекулярной потенциальной энергии. Отработана методика оценки уровней энергии для различных изотопологов воды с использованием изотопического ряда, которая в дальнейшем может быть использована для других молекул, особенно в тех случаях, когда отсутствуют вариационные расчеты.

The perturbation theory is applied to calculation of the vibrational energy levels of isotopically substituted molecules. Within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, the isotopic shifts of energy levels are represented in the form of power series of small parameters, i.e., the relative change in the masses of substituted atoms. The coefficients of the series are functions of the molecular constants of only one modification of the isotopic family of a molecule. This makes it possible, having determined these coefficients either from calculation or on the basis of a semi-empirical approach from experimental data, to calculate isotopic shifts for any isotopologues, including short-lived ones. As an example, the isotopic shifts of the levels of unstable water isotopologues Н2ХО, Х = 13-15 and 19-24, with a half-life of more than 1 ms are calculated. The levels calculated are compared with the results of variational calculations with a high-precision function of the intramolecular potential energy.
OPTICAL ABSORPTION MANIPULATION OF SPHERICAL MICROCAPSULES MEDIATED BY BUFFER NANOPARTICLES
Authors: ГЕЙНЦ Ю.Э. , ПАНИНА Е.К.
Published: September 2024

С помощью численного FDTD-моделирования исследована динамика поглощения ближнего инфракрасного излучения сферической микрокапсулой в окружении твердых золей с наночастицами различных оптических свойств (металл, биосовместимый диэлектрик). Подобная модельная частица является аналогом микроконтейнера, используемого в современных био- и медицинских технологиях для адресной доставки нанодоз терапевтических веществ в целевую область биологического организма. Установлено, что вследствие дифракции света на наночастицах возникает суперлокализация оптического поля с появлением «горячих областей» на поверхности микрокапсулы. Поглощение света увеличивается до трех раз при добавлении наночастиц.

Using numerical finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations, we simulate and examine the absorption dynamics of the near-infrared optical radiation in a spherical microcapsule surrounded by solid nanoparticles of different optical properties (metal, biocompatible dielectric). A model microcapsule resembles a microcontainer used in modern bio- and medical technologies for targeted delivery of therapeutic nanodoses of drugs to the desired region of the biological tissues. We show that due to light scattering on nanoparticles, the optical field superlocalization in the "hot regions" on the microcapsule surface take place. The three-fold light absorption enhancement can be achieved due to the addition of buffer nanoparticles.
MOBILE LIDAR FOR SOUNDING TROPOSPHERIC OZONE
Authors: НЕВЗОРОВ А.А. , НЕВЗОРОВ А.В. , ХАРЧЕНКО О.В. , КРАВЦОВА Н.С. , РОМАНОВСКИЙ Я.О.
Published: September 2024

Разработан и введен в эксплуатацию мобильный озоновый лидар на длинах волн зондирования 299 и 341 нм. Лидар способен охватить высоты от 0,1 до 12 км с пространственным разрешение лидарных сигналов от 1,5 до 150 м. Приведены техническое описание мобильного лидара и результаты натурного эксперимента по лазерному зондированию атмосферы в Томске. Полученные эхосигналы и восстановленные профили озона подтверждают информативность измерений в тропосфере. Выполнено сопоставление лидарных и спутниковых (MetOp) измерений.

A mobile ozone lidar for sounding at wavelengths of 299 and 341 nm was designed and put into operation. The lidar is capable of covering the altitude range from 0.1 to 12 km with a spatial resolution of lidar signals from 1.5 to 150 m. The specification of the mobile lidar is given; the results of a field experiment on laser sounding of the atmosphere in Tomsk are presented. Echo signals received and the ozone profiles retrieved confirm the information content of lidar measurements in the troposphere. The results of lidar and satellite (MetOp) measurements are compared.
SIMULATION OF THE KINETICS OF HETEROGENEOUS OXIDATION OF N-HEPTANE BY OXYGEN
Authors: ISAZADE A.F. , MAMMADOVA U.A. , ASADOV M.M. , ZEYNALOV N.A. , TAGIEV D.B.
Published: September 2024

The catalytic reaction of n-heptane (n-C7H16) oxidation with molecular oxygen has been studied. Various compositions of the polymer catalyst Mn-P4VP/MBAA (where Mn-P4VP is manganese-immobilised poly-4-vinylpyridine and MBAA is N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide) containing 2–5 wt% Mn were prepared and tested. The concentration of manganese in the catalyst based on immobilized metal-polymer complexes is within the range of 2–5 wt% Mn. The oxidation reaction was carried out at a ratio of components n-C7H16/O2/polymer catalyst with Mn = 1 : 3.38 : 0.003 and time 6 h within the temperature range 303–383 K. The data on the yield of the major products of n-heptane oxidation are presented, taking into account the initial components, catalyst composition, temperature and the time of oxygen contact with the reacting components. It has been established that during the oxidation of n-C7H16 (303–383 K), the yield of alcohols is higher than the yield of other oxidation products. The oxidative conversion of n-heptane increases from 45 to 75 mol% with an increase in temperature in the range of 303–383 K. For the multistage oxidation of n-heptane with oxygen, a kinetic model was selected and considered. On the basis of this model, the reaction rate constants were calculated in the range of 303–383 K considering the degree of heptane conversion. The activation energy of n-heptane oxidation was estimated, taking into account the method of choosing the most plausible parameter and experimental data on n-heptane convection.
BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN THE ORGANS OF IRIS SETOSA (IRIDACEAE)
Authors: СЕДЕЛЬНИКОВА Л.Л. , КУКУШКИНА Т.А.
Published: September 2024

Представлены результаты определения содержания основных групп биологически активных веществ в цветках, листьях, корневищах ириса щетинистого (Iris setosa), культивируемого в условиях лесостепной зоны Новосибирской области. Определено содержание танинов, пектинов, протопектинов, катехинов, флавоноидов, каротиноидов в период сезонного развития растений. Установлено, что содержание танинов в листьях во всех фенофазах развития растений I. setosa в 6.3-8.5 раз выше, чем в корневищах. В период цветения флавоноидов в листьях в 29.7 раз больше, чем в корневищах, в период отцветания - в 18.1 раза, плодоношения - в 25.1 раз. Установлено одинаковое накопление катехинов (0.23-0.24 мас. %) в подземных и надземных органах в период отцветания растений. Обнаружено, что пектинов в листьях в период плодоношения в 2.4-2.7 раза больше, чем в период цветения и отцветания растений. В корневищах пектинов в 2.2-2.4 раза больше в период отцветания и плодоношения, чем цветения. Содержание каротиноидов в цветках в период цветения в 2 раза выше, чем в корневищах, но в 2.6 раза меньше, чем в листьях. Отмечено, что количественное содержание биологически активных веществ в органах I. setosa определяется особенностями роста и развития в течение сезонного периода.

The content of the main groups of biologically active substances in the flowers, leaves, rhizomes of Iris setosa cultivated under the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Novosibirsk Region has been determined. The content of tannins, pectins, protopectins, catechins, flavonoids, carotenoids during the seasonal development of plants was determined. It is found that tannin content in the leaves in all phenophases of I. setosa plant development is 6.3-8.5 times higher than in rhizomes. During the flowering period, flavonoid content in the leaves is 29.7 times higher than in rhizomes, during the stage of blossom fading it is 18.1 times higher, and at the stage of fruiting it is 25.1 times higher. The same accumulation of catechins (0.23-0.24 wt%) was found in underground and aboveground organs during the period of blossom fading. Pectin content in leaves during fruiting was detected to be 2.4-2.7 times higher than during flowering and blossom fading. Pectin content in rhizomes is 2.2-2.4 times higher during blossom fading and fruiting than during flowering. The content of carotenoids in flowers during flowering is 2 times higher than in rhizomes, but 2.6 times lower than in leaves. It is noted that the quantitative content of biologically active substances in the organs of I. setosa is determined by the peculiarities of growth and development during the seasonal period.
Incidence of Adverse Events Related to Therapies with sodium iodine (131I): Contribution to the Pharmacovigilance in Brazil
Authors: Cardena Fernandes Jaqueline , Bortoleti de Araújo Elaine , Iozzi Joaquim Adriana
Published: September 2024

Radiopharmaceuticals for therapeutic have been increasingly used for the treatment of various pathologies. Beta-emitting radionuclides stand out in this modality due to the physical characteristics of the emitted particle. Iodine-131 (131I) is an example of a beta-emitting radionuclide, applied in the production of radiopharmaceuticals such as sodium iodine (131I), which represents an excellent therapeutic modality in the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinomas. As well as other therapeutic modalities, radionuclide therapy using radiopharmaceuticals can also cause adverse reactions. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of possible adverse events related to therapy with sodium iodine (131I), and evaluate the correlation with the administered activities, obtaining unprecedented pharmacovigilance data related to the use of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals in Brazil. A retrospective analysis of medical records was carried out with electronic patients’ data diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and undergoing therapy with radioiodine. A total of 116 patients were recovered from January/2019 to April/2021 and 89 were included according to the inclusion criteria. Of the patients, 54.6% reported an adverse event after radioiodine therapy. The most frequent events were those related to the gastrointestinal tract and local irradiation, and it was possible to identify that there was an increased incidence of events in those patients who were treated with greater activities. Based on the results obtained, the present study demonstrated the presence of acute events related to therapy in the studied population and that the incidence of events was correlated with the activity prescribed.
Prevalence and characterization of chronic malnutrition in children under five years of age in a hospital in Cuba
Authors: Díaz Colina José Antonio , Díaz Colina Mirelys
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Malnutrition is a multifactorial pathological condition that affects the human organism systemically. Objective: To determine the prevalence and characterization of malnutrition in children under five years of age. Method: cross-sectional descriptive observational study in malnourished children under 5 years of age admitted to the San Miguel del Padrón Hospital between 2020 and 2022. The nutritional evaluation was done through the percentile tables of the Ministry of Public Health. Patient information was processed using computational methods. Results: The prevalence of chronic malnutrition was 2.11%. Of the 247 children in the study, 78.14% had mild malnutrition, 58.30% were children of mothers under 20 years of age, 49.39% of upper secondary education and 46.56% of housewives. The single mother category and family dysfunction were present in 37.25 % and 63.56 %. The low economic per capita was present at 73.68%. 48.58 % corresponded to ages between 1-2 years and 55.06 % to males. 85.83% had a good birth weight. There was abandonment of breastfeeding before the third month in 65.99%. Complementation was incorrect in 83.81%. Anemia was the most frequent laboratory abnormality. The main causes of admission were febrile syndrome and bronchiolitis. Conclusion: Most of the malnourished children presented nutritional limitation due to family dysfunction, low per capita economic and deprivation of breastfeeding and supplementation, conditions that can be prevented with health education programs.
About Oleksandr Dovzhenko and His Stay in France
Authors: Hosejko Lubomir
Published: September 2024

The subject of the analysis of this article is the foreign trip and stay in France of Oleksandr Dovzhenko and Yuliia Solntseva in the summer of 1930 and the probable stay of Dovzhenko himself in Paris in 1932. The analysis is written on the basis of articles and reviews, most of which have appeared in the French film press in 1930–1931. The article is aimed at the describing a little-known information about Dovzhenko’s stay in France. The author also is trying to and to submit his exclusive assumptions about his probable second visit to the City of Light in 1932. During his visit Dovzhenko has been accompanied by Parisians Yevhen Deslav and Leonid Mohylevskyi, as well as the artist Mykola Hlushchenko. The description contains a number of events – visits to film studios for the study of sound film technologies, proposals for the production of a French-Ukrainian film, screenings of his films in his presence in the Studio 28 cinema, meetings in the Montparnasse district with leading French filmmakers and with Ukrainian artists of the so-called Paris School, contacts with the former colleagues of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, a probable trip to Amsterdam planned with Deslav. The article contains two hitherto unheard-of reports about Dovzhenko’s second trip to France. The first is based on Yevhen Deslav’s annotation: “I’ve met Dovzhenko in Paris somewhere in 1932 (sic), where he comes to study sound cinema”. The second is the photo of Dovzhenko, posing in the photo salon to the French photographer and film director Elie Lothar. This is the fact, strengthening the hypothesis of the master’s repeated presence in Paris in 1932.
Was Oleksandr Dovzhenko a Judophobe (According to the materials of the Soviet special services)
Authors: Shapoval Yury
Published: September 2024

The submitted article is aimed at the revealing and representing previously unknown archival documents from the funds of the Soviet special services, concerning the non-conformist attitudes of Oleksandr Dovzhenko, his resentment towards the Jews in particular. The author’s task is directed at stimulating further studies and discussions in order to find means of depicting a realistic image of Dovzhenko. Methodological principles are based on the fundamentals of historicism and critical analysis of sources with a complex combination of the entire multiplicity of newly discovered historical facts and events in accordance with specific historical circumstances. The scientific novelty consists in the comprehension of the documents of the communist special services as a source component of unprejudiced research strategies of modern Dovzhenko Studies. Conclusions. Newly discovered archival documents prove that Dovzhenko’s critical attitude towards Jews is the result of complex and situationally determined attitudes and life experiences. This is why these cannot be simplistic and straightforward narratives. Communist special services have monitored closely Dovzhenko’s anti-Soviet sentiments, suspected him of «counter-revolutionary activities», and also recorded his statements directed at Jewish cinematographers. However, they haven’t given unequivocal assessments to such statements. Dovzhenko has collaborated and made friends creatively with many Jewish artists, and his critical attitudes have never turned into denunciation and other practical forms of revenge.
Ukrainian Song Folklore in Oleksandr Dovzhenko’s Records: History of Publication, Analysis of Motifs and Plots
Authors: Koval-Fuchylo Iryna
Published: September 2024

The subject of this study analysis concerns the history of publication of notes those Oleksandr Dovzhenko has recorded from his mother in December 1943 in Moscow. These are 32 song texts of Ukrainian folk Christmas carols, shchedrivky, spring rite carols and lyrical songs. The records are contained in a separate notebook, which has 30 sheets. The name of the collection is The Mother’s Songs. It is kept in the Russian State Archives of Literature and Art in Moscow (RSALA, fund 2081, inventory 1, unit of issue 330). The published work is aimed at the description of the editorial approaches to these song texts in various periods to these song texts, indicating the list of publications of each of them. Records of Christmas carols and shchedrivky from the collection of O. Dovzhenko contain motifs and plots typical for Volhynia, Podillia and Slobozhanshchyna. Most often, these are songs for the owners and their children, for a young man, a girl, less often these are the motifs with biblical characters, formed under the influence of folk tradition. Almost all ritual songs of the winter cycle have variants in Zorian Dolenha-Khodakovskyi’s collection of recordings [11]. The motifs of the lyrical songs from O. Dovzhenko’s recordings are typical for the song tradition of Podillia, Volhynia, the Over Dnipro Lands and Slobozhanshchyna. These are plots about watering horses near a well, embroidering a shirt for a Cossack, a widow and her unloved children for a potential husband, waking up / not waking up a Cossack, a request to a mother to show her daughter. They are circulated throughout Ukraine.
Investigating differential expression genes profile in HCT-8 cell line infected with Cryptosporidium parvum in host-parasite interactions
Authors: Dadkhah Tehrani S. , Shojaei S. R. , Hosseini S. R. , Shayan P.
Published: September 2024

Cryptosporidium parvum is a microscopic parasite and furthermore, an identified agent that spends its life cycle in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract causing chronic and life-threatening diarrhoea in immunocompromised individuals. In this study, the GSE2077 series were selected from the NCBI site, which examined the contamination of the HCT-8 cell line with C. parvum in three treatment groups. Each of 24, 48, and 72 hours post-infection (PI) groups was compared with the mock, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified during the analysis. For each comparison, the |logFC|= 2 and P values <0.05 were considered. The obtained values included: 24 hours=71 DEGs, 48 hours=82 DEGs, and 72 hours=55 DEGs. For the DEGs of each group, gene ontology diagrams were drawn separately using the Funrich3.1.3 software, including cellular components, biological processes, and molecular functions. The heat map diagrams were drawn with the R software and the heat map package. Also, the networks were plotted for each comparison in the Cytoscape software, and hub genes were obtained. Finally, the commonalities between the three treatment groups were identified using the FunRich software. Five common genes were revealed in all groups: RAD23B, DKK1, CXCL8, PHLDA1, and UGT1A3.
Identifikasi Makanan Halal dalam Perspektif Hifz al-Nasl pada UMKM Tahu Agung Jaya Bangkalan Madura
Authors: Alim Rohmat Badri , Rohman Abdur , Dzikrulloh Dzikrulloh
Published: September 2024

Food is a basic need for humankind. A Muslim must pay attention to the halalness of the food he consumes. The command to consume halal food has been conveyed clearly by Allah SWT in the Qur'an and this can be understood in the concept of maqasid sharia. Maqasid sharia in halal food is the benefit behind consuming halal food as prescribed by religion. This research aims to understand the Identification of Halal Food Products from the Hifz al Nasl Perspective in UMKM Tahu Agung Jaya Bangkalan Madura. This research uses a qualitative method, namely a descriptive approach and this type of research is field research. Researchers conducted observations, interviews and documentation to obtain primary and secondary data. This research provides results that in the perspective of hifz al nasl it includes three needs, namely primary (dharuriyyah), secondary (hajiyyat), and tertiary (tahsiniyyat). The primary need (dharuriyyah), namely the selection of soybean raw materials used, must continue to be paid attention to. Secondary needs (hajiyyat) are field surveys to see and buy selected and quality soybeans. The tertiary requirement (tahsiniyyat) is that the tools used in producing tofu must always be clean.
Dinamika Kebenaran Epistemik Keagamaan dalam Tantangan dan Pembaharuan Pada Era Penggunaan Kecerdasan Buatan
Authors: Daffa Muhammad , Kamil Fabhian Aliy Rajaie
Published: September 2024

In a period of advanced data and communication innovations, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a fundamental part of various parts of human existence. The research aims to explore artificial intelligence's impact on contemporary human religious understanding, especially on epistemic truth. This research applies a qualitative methodology to detail and understand epistemic truth in the context of religion in the era of artificial intelligence. This approach provides space for complex and contextual insights into the impact of artificial intelligence on religious understanding. Exploring religious epistemic truth involves analysing epistemological theories such as coherence, correlation and pragmatism, which provide deep insights. The main criterion of coherence theory is internal consistency, correlation theory focuses on correspondence with spiritual reality, and pragmatic theory emphasises practical impact in religious practice. The era of utilising artificial intelligence brings significant ethical concerns and social impacts. Challenges, such as the risk of bias in religious interpretation by algorithms, the potential to replace the spiritual role of humans and ethical concerns regarding privacy and data security, are issues that need attention. Therefore, this article contributes to integrating theories of religious epistemology with the modern challenges that arise with the use of artificial intelligence in religious life. The holistic approach adopted by this article provides deep insights into the complexity of truth and ethical values in the technological era.
Komparasi Nilai Sufistik dalam Terapi Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique dengan Terapi Mind Healing Technique
Authors: Rahmi Rahmi , Nurjanah Dian Siti , Naan Naan
Published: September 2024

Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) therapy and Mind Healing Technique (MHT) therapy have similar Sufistic values which make perceptions equalize the meaning of the Sufistic values of the two therapies. This research aims to find the sufistic values contained in SEFT Therapy, explain the sufistic values contained in MHT Therapy, and most importantly to compare the sufistic values contained in SEFT therapy and MHT therapy. This research uses a qualitative approach with the research method Library Research or Library Study and Internet Searching or Internet Study. The results obtained from this research are that SEFT Therapy and MHT Therapy have three similar Sufistic values which have different meanings. The comparison of Sufistic values obtained from the two therapies is surrender, sincerity and gratitude. Surrender in SEFT Therapy is seen as an attitude of graceful acceptance of whatever happens in life, while surrender in the MHT view is a healing effort that does not force the results because it believes that healing is the right of Allah SWT. According to SEFT, sincerity refers more to blessing, which is a condition where a person will not complain about any misfortune that occurs in his life, then according to MHT, sincerity is sincerity that knows no boundaries and is selfless for anything given to other people. Lastly, the meaning of gratitude in SEFT is recognition of all the blessings that have been given by Allah SWT. while MHT interprets gratitude as an effort to enjoy the blessings given by Allah SWT.
Global Research in Weed Science: A Bibliometric Synthesis
Authors: Mia Shamim , Moin Eqram Hossain , Karim S.M. Rezaul
Published: September 2024

Weed is one of the major pests for crops with estimated global losses between 100 million and 26 billion USD. Therefore, weed management remains central for crop production. Weed science is evolving with time having paradigm shift from manual to robotic weed management. This transformation
needs to be discerned for identifying the future research needs. This study explores global research trends in weed science using a bibliometric analysis. A total of 48,000 articles with ∽115,000 associated keywords were collected and analyzed. Our analysis showed that weed science research
primarily focused on ecology of weed i.e., crop-weed-soil environment interactions, and different weed management techniques covering >50% of the keywords. Herbicide research such as formulation, effectiveness, and safe use was the most dominant research topic. Moreover, invasive
species and their management using emerging technologies such as robotic weed management also received significant attention. Therefore, modern weed science has evolved as interdisciplinary science with intimate links to biology, ecology, chemistry, and engineering. The overview on weed science
may guide the researchers in identifying the future research topics and preparing course contents on weed science.
Muslim and Power in China: Uyghur Muslim Upheaval, Nationalism and Their Diaspora in International Arena
Authors: Sahrasad Herdi , Chaidar Al , Tabrani Dedy , Hasan Pipip A. Rifai
Published: September 2024

The Uyghur Muslims of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China, suffered under the communist rule of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Zhu Rongji, and Xi Jinping for decades. Thankfully, most people don't know about this. Uyghur Muslims continue to endure allegations and stigmatization for standing up to China's lengthy history of oppression and massacre. Unfortunately, there is less international compassion for the Uyghur crisis. This paper uses a descriptive-analytical qualitative technique based on data obtained from interviews, documents, and library studies to track the upheaval among Uyghur Muslims as it progresses from terrorist activities to concerns about nationalism. As a result of their tragic situation, thousands of Uyghur Muslims have fled to neighboring countries in search of humanitarian solutions; they are currently residing in diaspora in places like Turkey, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and so on. As a result of their terrible situation in China, thousands of Uyghur Muslims have fled to diasporas in that places, in search of humanitarian answers without certainty of their future.
Admiralty Island in St Petersburg: The Beginning of Development and the First Census of Households
Authors: Aleshin Denis , Bazarova Tatiana
Published: September 2024

This article focuses on the history of the development and settlement of Admiralty Island in St Petersburg in the early eighteenth century. In November 1704, the Admiralty Shipyard was founded, which became the largest shipbuilding enterprise in Russia by the end of the reign of Peter I. Historians agree that the first inhabitants of the island were associated with the fleet and shipbuilding, but the social structure of the population of Admiralty Island, the organisation of construction work and the specifics of administrative management have been studied only fragmentarily. The study is based on published and archival materials from the Admiralty Chancellery and Menshikov’s Field Chancellery (correspondence of construction managers and the first census of buildings), as well as on handwritten drawings. The authors propose a new dating of the manuscript plan of the original Admiralty. It is shown that before the establishment of the Admiralty Chancellery (1707), construction on Admiralty Island was mainly carried out by the forces of the Admiralty Prikaz, which had a cadre of craftsmen and workers. The construction of the Admiralty Fortress was supervised by the St Petersburg Commander-in-Chief R. V. Bruce. Olonets Commander I. Ya. Yakovlev was responsible for the construction of industrial, commercial and residential buildings. Admiralty Island was the first in St Petersburg to begin regulating development. In 1705 residential buildings and barracks were built on Admiralty Island at the expense of the State Treasury. In the early years, a system of prohibitions and restrictions was developed to ensure the safety of shipyards and naval vessels from fire on both Admiralty and City Islands. The study analyses the contents of the building inventories of 1707 and 1711. It shows that their appearance was caused by the need to monitor the implementation of fire safety measures. It is established that in October 1707, the Admiralty officials made an inventory of the buildings on the City Island near the Kronverksky Canal. Analysis of the data from the 1711 inventory shows that at least 110 of the 271 households belonged to naval officers. It is important to note that the census was conducted before the royal court and government moved to the banks of the Neva and before Peter I issued decrees on earth and stone construction and the regulation of development, which changed the appearance of the original St Petersburg.
Public Places in the 18th-Century Russian City: Church
Authors: Kosheleva Olga
Published: September 2024

This article, devoted to the behaviour and communication of people in public places of the 18th-century Russian city (markets, taverns, baths, inns, etc.), focuses on the behaviour of people in churches. They hosted events of local importance (weddings, baptisms, funerals, etc.) as well as communication between the authorities and their subjects (swearing oaths, reading decrees, etc.). The ecclesiastical space is presented as a place of social and gender tensions, aggravated in the time of Peter the Great by the “reform of piety”. Old Believers, foreigners of other faiths, supporters and opponents of Peter’s reforms and “ungodly” Orthodox Christians who clashed in the church and violated the unity of the Orthodox community. The church space proved to be saturated with human impressions, emotions and information. Although some people dared to express their dissatisfaction with the authorities, it was only on an emotional level, and therefore it is impossible to call the church space “public” in the sense given by J. Habermas.
“Businesswomen” – Matriarchs in Mid‑19th Century Yekaterinburg, Russia as Reflected in Demographic Data
Authors: Glavatskaya Elena , Borovik Julia
Published: September 2024

The nineteenth century introduced significant changes in the socio-economic and cultural development of Russia including the position of Russian women, especially among the business-oriented city dwellers. Their widows and unmarried daughters retained a privileged status for the rest of their lives, however, to run the business, they had to pay the guild fee – a significant amount to the city budget annually. The basis for the widows’, their children’s and household members’ well-being was their financial and business expertise. Their active participation in the city’s economic and social life manifested a preliminary meritocracy principle, in contrast to the life-long privileges of other social groups. Unlike their late husbands – widowed business matriarchs could not count on the support of their spouses in either business, housekeeping or family matters. Yet there were examples of successful businesses run by women. While the history of women’s entrepreneurship in Moscow and St Petersburg has received coverage, the fate of these matriarchs in Ural region has not yet attracted scholars’ attention. This pilot study focuses on the demographic characteristics of the Yekaterinburg businesswomen-matriarchs. Since the group is not big, and the potential for comparative study is limited, the authors rather focus on how the demographic data can be used in reconstructing the first businesswomen’s life courses. They use data from the nineteenth century Revizskie Skazki for Yekaterinburg, the latest of which, 1858, has been transcribed into the electronic resource Ural Population Project (URAPP). The article presents arguments supporting the hypotheses that kuptsy (businesspeople) were the first to develop new demographic behaviour (nuclear family pattern). Most Yekaterinburg kupets girls married after reaching 20 years old; only 8 % of kupets females aged 40–49 remained maidens. Husbands were on average 6 years older than their spouses, which increased the likelihood of early widowhood. The number of widows increased steadily, and by the age of 40 almost every second kupets woman was a widow and at age 50 more than 75 %. There were three main life trajectories for the widows depending on the age at widowhood, and the age and gender of their children. The authors focus on the life courses of those who did not remarry. The share of kupets families headed by women in 1858 Yekaterinburg was 16 %. Some of them joined the business while still married; others took over responsibility after their spouses’ passing. Some business matriarchs kept their power over large families that included adult married sons. This could be due to financial circumstances, family arrangements, and the personal characteristics of domineering mothers. The research also reveals cases when three kupets widows composed a common households and ran successful business for decades.
The Short and Full Inventories of the Property of Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery in 1621: Circumstances of Emergence
Authors: Lyakhovitskiy Evgeny
Published: September 2024

This article examines two manuscripts that reflect the results of the 1621 description of the property of the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery – OR RNB Kir.-Bel. 73/1312 (Short Inventory) and 74/1313 (Full Inventory). According to Z. V. Dmitrieva, the texts of the descriptions of monastic property in these manuscripts differ significantly: the first contains textual references to the inventory of 1615 carried out on the initiative of the monastic authorities. In the latter, there is a tendency to follow the text of the ‘official’ inventory of 1601, carried out under the direction of a royal official. The aim of the study, which was carried out as part of the preparation of the scholarly publication of the materials of the 1621 inventory, is to determine the functionality of these two versions of the 1621 inventory and the nature of their links. To solve this problem, the author carries out a codicological study of both manuscripts, which includes the study of the structure of the paper block, watermarks, changes in writing and ink throughout the text, quire numbering, security records, comments and edits. The study of the Short Inventory shows that, despite the almost complete absence of edits, the presence of signatures and security records, the process of creating it was not a simple correspondence of the finished text but involved the addition of new material to an already prepared block. In contrast to the Short Inventory, the text of the Full Inventory bears many traces of editing, including a large number of edits to descriptions, and at the same time there are no signatures. In addition, the author makes a textual comparison of the descriptions of the objects edited in the Full Inventory. The results of this comparison are ambiguous: in most cases, the text of the Short Inventory corresponds either to the text of the Full Inventory after editing, or to the text of the Full Inventory before editing, or to neither, and in all the three cases, it is close to the earlier inventories. Nevertheless, there are cases where the text of the Short Inventory corresponds to the text of the Full Inventory after editing, and there are no descriptions in the earlier inventories of 1601 and 1615.The Short and Full Inventories appear to be the result of two parallel efforts to describe the monastery’s property. The Full Inventory reflects the desire to understand how different the situation of the monastery was in 1621 from the time of the previous inventory, which was carried out with the participation of royal representatives. The Short Inventory is the result of work on the creation of a new relevant document.
The “Courland Question” in the Reports of A. M. Devieir, General Chief of Police
Authors: Nakishova Marina
Published: September 2024

This article examines the reports sent by A. M. Devieir, the General Chief of Police, to Empress Catherine I in January-February 1727. These reports reveal the details of Devieir’s mission to Courland on the eve of the Polish Sejm. Published here for the first time, the reports have come down to us in their original form; they are kept in Fund 9 (Office of Peter I and its continuation) of the RGADA (Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, Moscow). Devieir’s reports help to find new details about the Courland conflict, which united various states that had geopolitical interests in the Baltic region, and the struggle of political groups in Courland and Semigallia over the issue of preserving or abolishing “ancient” rights and autonomies, and the accession or non-accession of the territory to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The reports also provide valuable information about the state activity and the character of A. M. Devieir, who for the first time was involved in the implementation of diplomatic missions, and his interactions with other statesmen. Thirdly, and rather indirectly, the correspondence of the General Chief of Police helps reconstruct the political hierarchy and the nature of social ties between the highest officials of the Russian Empire in the post-Peter period. Thus, an important role of A. V. Makarov, Office Secretary; A. I. Ostermann, Vice-Chancellor; P. I. Yaguzhinsky, former Prosecutor General of the Senate; P. M. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Chief Hoffmeister of the court of Anna Ioannovna, can be noted as well as the reduced influence of Prince A. D. Menshikov, who lost confidence after unauthorized interference in the affairs of Courland in 1726. All these reasons make Devieir’s reports a valuable historical source. Their significance is fully revealed when they are analysed together with similar documents related to the Courland crisis of the 1720s, deposited in the funds of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs and the Supreme Privy Council.
Constitutionalism in Russia in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Guangxiang Zhang , Ning Su
Published: September 2024

This article examines the problem of Russian constitutionalism in the early twentieth century. The authors focus on the question of the peculiarities of Russian constitutionalism, its characteristics in comparison with the European version of this phenomenon. The authors show that, in comparison with Western Europe, constitutionalism in Russia emerged late, did not have deep historical roots and did not enjoy the support of most of the population. It was inextricably linked to the political sentiments of the ruling class of the Russian Empire. The bearers of constitutionalist ideas were nobles, intellectuals and bureaucrats. Russian constitutionalism became the most noticeable phenomenon during the revolution of 1905–1907. The constitutionalists’ ideas about the rule of law, the control of administrative bodies by representative bodies, and the importance of public opinion in making responsible government decisions were extremely important and productive. At the same time, the Russian constitutional movement was confronted with a political culture in which it was extremely difficult to solve social problems by legal means.
Receptions of the Сoncept of “Yoke” in the Era of the Establishment of the Mongol/Horde Rule
Authors: Seleznev Yuri
Published: September 2024

Modern historiography notes that the term “yoke” was first used in connection with Russia’s dependence on the Horde in the late fifteenth century by the Polish chronicler Jan Dlugosz. The contemporaries of the Horde’s rule over Russia did not know the term “Tatar yoke” or its equivalents: “Tatar yoke”, “Mongolian-Tatar yoke”, “Horde yoke” – they are considered anachronisms. Since anachronism is a false or conditional dating of events and features of one epoch to another, their use in relation to the period of Russia’s dependence on the Horde does not seem quite correct. The author highlights the evidence for the use of the term in relation to the phenomenon synchronous with the establishment of the system of Russia’s dependence on the Horde. The broad cultural and religious aspect of understanding the geopolitical situation in Eurasia, which changed after the Mongol conquest, suggests that the concept of the “Babylonian yoke” was known in the Catholic and Orthodox worlds. At the same time, all the participants in the formulation of the image of the “Babylonian yoke” – both the Catholic and the Orthodox worlds – were directly or indirectly connected with each other. Sacred biblical plots and concepts were quite naturally used to solve the difficult ecclesiastical and inter-state relations of the thirteenth century. It is quite understandable that in the written tradition of the second half of the thirteenth century one finds traces of the borrowing of the idea of the “Babylonian captivity” from the Bible in order to adapt it to the realities of the Horde rule, connected with the activities of Metropolitan Kirill II, who led the Russian Church from the 1240s to the 1280s. Thus, the article examines the problem of the origin of the term “yoke”, drawing conclusions about the reception of this concept from biblical sacred history or ancient Roman history; the question is raised as to the adequacy of this term to describe Russian-Horde relations in this period. The author comes to the conclusion that the opinion about the anachronism of the term is refuted by the available evidence and allows further application of the epistemological potential of the concept when considering the history of Russian-Horde relations in the thirteenth-fifteenth centuries. In addition, the author reveals the mechanism of the emergence of various “Latinised” terminologies in the context of the international discourse on the relationship between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches and pagan, and then Muslim, nomadic society and the state.
Content validity of guidance on self-care in the post-operative period for breast cancer
Authors: Santos Cristina Poliana Rolim Saraiva dos , Goyanna Natália Frota , Corpes Erilaine de Freitas , Yanez Romel Jonathan Velasco , Mourão Netto José Jeová , Barbosa Régia Christina Moura , Fernandes Ana Fátima Carvalho
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT Objectives: to validate the content of a guidance guide on self-care in the postoperative period of breast surgery for breast cancer. Methods: a methodological study with content validity, carried out with 15 expert nurses and physiotherapists, between May and July 2022. Recruitment took place from the Lattes Platform, using snowball sampling. The level of relevance and representativeness for each item was verified using the Content Validity Index (CVI). It was considered valid when CVI was equal to or greater than 78% (0.78). Results: from the initial total of 37 items, two were excluded, as they had insufficient practical relevance and theoretical relevance, and another five items which, although presenting a CVI lower than the established cut-off, were suggested to be rewritten and grouped with other similar items. Conclusions: thirty items were considered valid and demonstrated important and significant characteristics, constituting suitable material for application in clinical practice.
Relações entre agricultura e indústria no Brasil: 1930-60
Authors: DALL’ACQUA FERNANDO M.
Published: September 2024

RESUMO Esta pesquisa aborda a relação entre agricultura e indústria no processo de acumulação de capital no Brasil do final dos anos 20 até o início dos anos 60. É uma exploração da dinâmica das articulações intersetoriais no período e dos efeitos das políticas estaduais sobre essas dinâmicas. Foi demonstrado que, embora a agricultura brasileira tenha desempenhado suas cinco funções tradicionais ao longo do período de 1930 a 1960, seu desempenho não foi uma história de progresso constante em cada frente. Durante os anos 50, as cinco funções pareciam conter contradições internas associadas ao estabelecimento das indústrias de consumo durável e de bens de capital pesado. As políticas de Estado foram vistas como reforçando as contradições que contribuíram para a crise da economia brasileira do início dos anos sessenta.
Diretrizes gerais de política econômica: Notas para o 1º PND da Nova República maio - 1985
Authors: SAYAD JOÃO
Published: September 2024

RESUMO Reprodução de discurso do ministro do Planejamento João Sayad sobre os compromissos políticos do primeiro governo civil da nova república do Brasil.