bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operabilität und pathologisches Ansprechen des Lungenkarzinoms nach neoadjuvanter Therapie mit Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren
Authors: Lücke E. , Ganzert C. , Föllner S. , Wäsche A. , Jechorek D. , Schoeder V. , Walles T. , Genseke P. , Schreiber J.
Published: December 2020

Hintergrund Eine Blockade von Immun-Escape-Mechanismen (z. B. PD1 /PD-L1) mit Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibition (ICI) kann das Überleben von Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem NSCLC wesentlich verlängern und ausgeprägte Remissionen induzieren. Eine neoadjuvante ICI bei Patienten mit resektablem (UICC-Stadium III) oder oligometastasiertem (UICC-Stadium IVA) NSCLC wurde bisher kaum untersucht.

Patienten/Methoden Es wurden Biopsien von Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittenem oder oligometastasiertem NSCLC untersucht. Es erfolgte bei einer PD-L1-Expression > 50 %, gutem ECOG-Status und zu erwartender Operabilität die ICI-Applikation und nach ca. 4 Wochen die thoraxchirurgische OP. Alle Patienten erhielten ein komplettes Staging einschließlich PET-CT, cMRT und endobronchialem Ultraschall. Es wurden die Verträglichkeit, das radiologische und histologische Tumoransprechen und das chirurgische Outcome analysiert.

Ergebnisse 4 Patienten (2 männlich, 2 weiblich, Alter 56–78 Jahre, n  =  3 Adenokarzinom, n  =  1 Plattenepithelkarzinom) erhielten präoperativ einen ICI. Alle Patienten hatten lokal fortgeschrittene Tumore, und die mediastinalen Lymphknoten waren in 3 Fällen positiv. Bei einem Patienten lag eine isolierte Hirnmetastase vor, welche stereotaktisch radiotherapiert wurde. Alle Patienten erhielten präoperativ komplikationslos 2–6 Zyklen eines ICI (3 × Pembrolizumab; 1 × Atezolizumab). Dies führte nicht zu einer Verzögerung der OP. Nach iRECIST zeigten 3 Tumore eine partielle response (PR), und ein Patient wies ein stable disease (SD) auf. Alle Tumore wurden komplett reseziert, und die OP erwies sich trotz inflammatorischer Veränderungen als technisch unproblematisch. Es gab keine behandlungsbezogene Morbidität oder Mortalität und keine perioperativen Komplikationen. In den Resektaten waren jeweils 2-mal ein komplettes pathologisches Ansprechen (CPR), Regressionsgrad III nach Junker, und 2-mal ein Regressionsgrad IIa nach Junker nachweisbar. Das mittlere Follow-up betrug 12 (1–24) Monate. Die PPR-Patienten entwickelten entweder Fernmetastasen nach 6 Monaten oder ein Lokalrezidiv nach 4 Monaten. Die CPR-Patienten sind bisher rezidivfrei.

Schlussfolgerungen Eine neoadjuvante Therapie mit ICI ist gut verträglich und kann bei ausgewählten Patienten eine komplette Tumorremission induzieren. Die Behandlung hat keinen negativen Einfluss auf den chirurgischen Eingriff. Die Prognose ist vielversprechend bei CPR und eingeschränkt bei PPR.
Endoscopic plastic stent therapy for bile leaks following total vs subtotal cholecystectomy
Authors: Yachimski Patrick , Orr Jordan K. , Gamboa Anthony
Published: November 2020

Background and study aims Plastic biliary stents are standard therapy for treatment of post-cholecystectomy bile leaks. An increasing proportion of patients now undergo subtotal cholecystectomy and are at perceived risk for high-grade bile leak. Data are limited regarding the optimal endoscopic therapy following subtotal cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of endoscopic plastic stent therapy for treatment of bile leak following total vs subtotal cholecystectomy.

Patients and methods A retrospective cohort of patients with bile leak following cholecystectomy and treated with biliary stent was identified from an institutional database. Primary outcome was defined as cholangiographic resolution of leak at follow-up endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Results Sixty-one subjects met study inclusion criteria, 27 following total cholecystectomy and 34 following subtotal cholecystectomy. A single plastic biliary stent was placed in 87 % of subjects (53/61), while a fully covered self-expanding metal stent (FCSEMS) was placed in 13 % (8/61). Leak resolution was evident at first follow-up ERCP in 96 % of subjects (26/27) who had undergone total cholecystectomy and 91 % of subjects (31/34) who had undergone subtotal cholecystectomy (P = 0.25). Among subjects who had received a plastic stent at index ERCP, leak resolution was evident at first follow-up ERCP in 96 % (23/24) of those who had undergone total cholecystectomy and 90 % (26/29) of those who had undergone subtotal cholecystectomy (P = 0.62).

Conclusions High rates of leak resolution can be achieved with placement of a single plastic biliary stent for treatment of post-cholecystectomy bile leaks, including after subtotal cholecystectomy.
Investigating the Metabolic Model in Preterm Neonates by Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Benjing , Zhang Qin , Wang Qi , Ma Jun , Cao Xiaoju , Chen Yaping , Pan Yuhong , Li Hong , Xiang Jingjing , Wang Ting
Published: November 2020

The changes of metabolite profiles in preterm birth have been demonstrated using newborn screening data. However, little is known about the holistic metabolic model in preterm neonates. The aim was to investigate the holistic metabolic model in preterm neonates. All metabolite values were obtained from a cohort data of routine newborn screening. A total of 261 758 newborns were recruited and randomly divided into a training subset and a testing subset. Using the training subset, 949 variates were considered to establish a logistic regression model for identifying preterm birth (<37 weeks) from term birth (≥37 weeks). Sventy-two variates (age at collection, TSH, 17α-OHP, proline, tyrosine, C16:1-OH, C18:2, and 65 ratios) entered into the final metabolic model for identifying preterm birth from term birth. Among the variates entering into the final model of PTB [Leucine+Isoleucine+Proline-OH)/Valine (OR=38.36], (C3DC+C4-OH)/C12 (OR=15.58), Valine/C5 (OR=6.32), [Leucine+isoleucine+Proline-OH)/Ornithine (OR=2.509)], and Proline/C18:1 (OR=2.465) have the top five OR values, and [Leucine+Isoleucine+Proline-OH)/C5 (OR=0.05)], [Leucine+Isoleucine+Proline-OH)/Phenylalanine (OR=0.214)], proline/valine (OR=0.230), C16/C18 (OR=0.259), and Alanine/free carnitine (OR=0.279) have the five lowest OR values. The final metabolic model had a capacity of identifying preterm infants with >80% accuracy in both the training and testing subsets. When identifying neonates ≤32 weeks from those >32 weeks, it had a robust performance with nearly 95% accuracy in both subsets. In summary, we have established an excellent metabolic model in preterm neonates. These findings could provide new insights for more efficient nutrient supplements and etiology of preterm birth.
Myelodysplastische Syndrome: Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Nachtkamp Kathrin , Gattermann Norbert , Germing Ulrich
Published: December 2020

Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen Überblick über Diagnostik und Therapie der myelodysplastischen Syndrome (MDS) darstellen, aber auch aktuelle wissenschaftliche Fragestellungen zur Ätiopathogenese, Pathophysiologie und Klassifikation der myeloischen Neoplasien erläutern, die den Blickwinkel auf die MDS in mancher Hinsicht erweitern können und möglicherweise in Zukunft auch in der Klinik Berücksichtigung finden werden.
Der Pathological Buying Screener: Validierung in einer klinischen Stichprobe
Authors: Müller Astrid , Trotzke Patrick , Laskowski Nora M. , Brederecke Jan , Georgiadou Ekaterini , Tahmassebi Nadja , Hillemacher Thomas , de Zwaan Martina , Brand Matthias
Published: November 2020

Ziel Ziel der Studie war die Validierung des 13-Item Pathological Buying Screener (PBS, [1]) in einer klinischen Stichprobe.

Methodik Der PBS wurde von 413 therapieaufsuchenden Patient/innen ausgefüllt (pathologisches Kaufen n=151, pathologisches Glücksspiel n=59, Alkoholabhängigkeit n=60, andere psychische Erkrankungen [Angststörung, Depression, Essstörung, somatoforme Störung] n=143). An den Daten der Gesamtstichprobe wurden die Faktorenstruktur des PBS mit einer konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse und die Reliabilität mittels Cronbachs α getestet. Aussagen zur Diskriminationsfähigkeit des PBS wurden anhand von Gruppenvergleichen getroffen. Die Gruppe mit pathologischem Kaufen beantwortete weitere Fragebögen, um über Korrelationsanalysen die konvergente und divergente Validität des PBS zu untersuchen. Von einigen Patient/innen dieser Gruppe (n=29) lagen PBS-Summenwerte vor und nach Psychotherapie vor, die zur Einschätzung der Änderungssensitivität des Fragebogens herangezogen wurden. Basierend auf einer Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Analyse mit PBS Daten der Patient/innen mit pathologischem Kaufen und aus einer früheren Bevölkerungsstichrobe [1] wurde ein PBS-Schwellenwert für pathologisches Kaufen ermittelt.

Ergebnisse Sowohl das Ein-Faktor als auch das Zwei-Faktor Modell mit den Subskalen „Kontrollverlust/Konsequenzen“ (10 Items) und „Exzessives Kaufverhalten“ (3 Items) zeigten eine gute Modellpassung. Die beiden Subskalen waren stark interkorreliert (r=0,92). Eine hierarchische Regressionsanalyse mit einem anderen kaufsuchtspezifischen Fragebogen (abhängige Variablen) ergabe keine Hinweise auf eine eigene inkrementelle Validität der Subskala „Exzessives Kaufverhalten“. Für den PBS-Summenwert sind eine gute konvergente, divergente und diskriminative Validität gegeben. Der empfohlene PBS-Cut-off Wert von ≥29 [1] ist mit einer hohen Sensitivität (98%) und Spezifität (94,7%) verbunden.

Schlussfolgerung Der PBS bildet Kaufsuchtsymptome reliabel und valide ab und eignet sich für die Anwendung im klinischen Bereich.
“Ok, qui d’autre na, nobody on the line right now?”
Authors: Bourgeois Samuel
Published: November 2020

Discourse markers (DMs) in bilingual speech have received much attention in language contact studies because their semantic and syntactic detachability make them easy targets for being used bilingually. Though past studies on multilingual DM usage have provided rich insights, open questions remain with regard to non-salient examples and the emergence of mixed code DMs. This paper looks at the DM system of Cajun bilinguals in Louisiana using a Diasystematic Construction Grammar approach. The analysis demonstrates that the DM systems of Cajun bilinguals are simultaneously active. Besides using DMs outside of their native languages, evidence of the congruence of the two systems is further supported by the documentation of mixed code DMs such as na, yeah mais and mais yeah.
Additional language acquisition as emerging multilingualism
Authors: Höder Steffen , Prentice Julia , Tingsell Sofia
Published: November 2020

Recent years have seen an increasing interest in applying Construction Grammar to additional language (AL) acquisition as well as in constructionist approaches to language contact and multilingualism, in particular Diasystematic Construction Grammar (DCxG; Höder, 2018). This paper combines both perspectives by proposing a usage-based constructionist model of AL acquisition as emerging multilingualism. In line with earlier work on DCxG, we assume that multilingual speakers store and process all of their languages in terms of constructions that are organized into one common constructicon. From that perspective, AL learning amounts to an extension and reorganization of the constructicon, resulting not only in the gradual entrenchment of new constructions that represent (a learner variety of) the AL, but also in modifications of previously acquired constructions and the links between them. The model is illustrated by examples from different kinds of AL acquisition scenarios and also discussed in relation to current key concepts within non-constructionist research in the field of AL acquisition.
Polymer-derived Er3+-doped La2Zr2O7 nanocrystals: Synthesis, microstructure and photoluminescence
Authors: Lu Yan , Zhao Tong , Ye Li , Sui Xudong , Zhang Shuaituo , Hao Junying
Published: November 2020

La2Zr2O7 nanocrystals doped with Er3+ were prepared from curing and pyrolysis of La2Zr2O7 preceramic precursor modified by erbium acetylacetonate for the purpose of photoluminescence applications. The crystallisation behaviour, microstructure and photoluminescence of the generated ceramics were investigated. The nanocrystals derived from the precursor annealed at 900 °C for 2 h exhibit a single-phase solid solution with an average crystallite size of about 20 nm. The emission band centred at 528 nm was attributed to the 2H11/2→4I15/2 transition, while those at 550 and 562 nm were ascribed to the 4S3/2→4I15/2 transition. The optimal molar ratio of Er3+/Zr4+ for max emission intensity was between 0.04 and 0.06.
Training and academic demands are associated with sleep quality in high‐performance “dual career” student swimmers
Authors: Astridge Daniel , Sommerville Andrew , Verheul Martine , Turner Anthony P.
Published: November 2020

Dual career collegiate athletes, who combine sporting endeavours with academic studies, are commonplace in high‐performance sport. Sleep is an important aspect of physical and psychological recovery for athletes, plays a role in memory and learning and is associated with academic achievement. The aim of this study was to assess variations in sleep characteristics of collegiate swimmers to understand the incidence of poor sleep, and which stressors might contribute towards this. A total of 22 (male n = 13, female n = 9) high‐performance student swimmers (mean ± SD; age 20 ± 2 years) participated in this study. Sleep/wake behaviour was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index each month over a 12‐month period. Additionally, academic and sporting commitments were quantified on a monthly basis and summarised as 4 stressors: average weekly training hours, total number of competitive races, total number of academic assessments, and average weekly learning hours. On average across the 12‐month period, 41.7% of athletes reported poor sleep. The latest bedtimes, wake times and longest sleep durations were found in the months where academic and training demands were lowest. A statistically significant positive association was identified between median sleep quality scores and mean number of academic assessments (ρ (12) = 0.71, p=0.005). Hierarchal linear modelling analysis determined that number of academic assessments best predicted sleep quality within this cohort. The present study highlights the need for those working with athletes who have competing academic demands to consider sleep quality, and its potential impact on performance and wellbeing.
The development and convergence of co-pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Robinson John L , Richardson Hayley , Xie Sharon X , Suh EunRan , Van Deerlin Vivianna M , Alfaro Brian , Loh Nicholas , Porras-Paniagua Matias , Nirschl Jeffrey J , Wolk David , Lee Virginia M -Y , Lee Edward B , Trojanowski John Q
Published: November 2020

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathological change (LATE-NC) and Lewy bodies occur in the absence of clinical and neuropathological Alzheimer’s disease, but their prevalence and severity dramatically increase in Alzheimer’s disease. To investigate how plaques, tangles, age and apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) interact with co-pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease, we analysed 522 participants ≥50 years of age with and without dementia from the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR) autopsy program and 1340 participants in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) database. Consensus criteria were applied for Alzheimer’s disease using amyloid phase and Braak stage. Co-pathology was staged for CAA (neocortical, allocortical, and subcortical), LATE-NC (amygdala, hippocampal, and cortical), and Lewy bodies (brainstem, limbic, neocortical, and amygdala predominant). APOE genotype was determined for all CNDR participants. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to quantify the effect of independent variables on the odds of having a higher stage after checking the proportional odds assumption. We found that without dementia, increasing age associated with all pathologies including CAA (odds ratio 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.38–1.94, P < 0.01), LATE-NC (1.48, 1.16–1.88, P < 0.01), and Lewy bodies (1.45, 1.15–1.83, P < 0.01), but APOE ε4 only associated with CAA (4.80, 2.16–10.68, P < 0.01). With dementia, increasing age associated with LATE-NC (1.30, 1.15–1.46, P < 0.01), while Lewy bodies associated with younger ages (0.90, 0.81–1.00, P = 0.04), and APOE ε4 only associated with CAA (2.36, 1.52–3.65, P < 0.01). A longer disease course only associated with LATE-NC (1.06, 1.01–1.11, P = 0.01). Dementia in the NACC cohort associated with the second and third stages of CAA (2.23, 1.50–3.30, P < 0.01), LATE-NC (5.24, 3.11–8.83, P < 0.01), and Lewy bodies (2.41, 1.51–3.84, P < 0.01). Pathologically, increased Braak stage associated with CAA (5.07, 2.77–9.28, P < 0.01), LATE-NC (5.54, 2.33–13.15, P < 0.01), and Lewy bodies (4.76, 2.07–10.95, P < 0.01). Increased amyloid phase associated with CAA (2.27, 1.07–4.80, P = 0.03) and Lewy bodies (6.09, 1.66–22.33, P = 0.01). In summary, we describe widespread distributions of CAA, LATE-NC and Lewy bodies that progressively accumulate alongside plaques and tangles in Alzheimer’s disease dementia. CAA interacted with plaques and tangles especially in APOE ε4 positive individuals; LATE-NC associated with tangles later in the disease course; most Lewy bodies associated with moderate to severe plaques and tangles.
Performance analysis of a novel integrated photovoltaic–thermal system by top-surface forced circulation of water
Authors: Arefin Md Arman , Islam Mohammad Towhidul , Zunaed Mohammad , Mostakim Khodadad
Published: November 2020

Almost 80–90% of energy is wasted as heat (provides no value) in a photovoltaic (PV) panel. An integrated photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) system can utilize this energy and produce electricity simultaneously. In this research, through energy and exergy analysis, a novel design and methodology of a PVT system are studied and validated. Unlike the common methods, here the collector is located outside the PV panel and connected with pipes. Water passes over the top of the panel and then is forced to the collector by a pump. The effects of different water-mass flow rates on the PV panel and collector, individual and overall efficiency, mass loss, exergetic efficiency are examined experimentally. Results show that the overall efficiency of the system is around five times higher than the individual PV-panel efficiency. The forced circulation of water dropped the panel temperature and increased the panel efficiency by 0.8–1% and exergy by 0.6–1%, where the overall energy efficiency was ~81%.
Simultaneous Determination of Five Organotins in Tropical Fruits Using Modified QuEChERS Combined with Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Qian Bing , He Yan , Zhao Jing , Peng LiXu , Han BingJun
Published: November 2020

A sensitive, confirmatory ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry based on modified QuEChERS was developed and validated to detect five organotin compounds (tributyltin chloride (TBT), triphenyltin chloride (TPT), trimethyltin chloride (TMT), azocyclotin and cyhexatin) in classical tropical fruits (mango, pineapple and banana). Fruits samples were ultrasonically extracted with methanol and subsequently purified by graphitized carbon black adsorbents. Five organotins were separated on a C18 column with the mobile phase of a mixture of methanol and 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid, and detected by MS/MS under multiple reaction monitoring mode. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), recovery and precision. Results were linear in their corresponding concentration ranges, with coefficients of determination (r) bigger than 0.999. The average LODs (S/N = 3) of the method for TBT, TPT, TMT, azocyclotin and cyhexatin were 1.3, 3.5, 3.2, 5.1 and 1.7 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries (n = 5) at three spiked levels (0.01, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) ranged from 69 to 103% with relative standard deviations of 2.1–11.9%. The method is simple, effective, accurate and non-derivatized, and meets the routine monitoring requirements for trace organotins in tropical fruits.
Focality and Asymmetry in Multi-Battle Contests
Authors: Chowdhury Subhasish M , Kovenock Dan , Rojo Arjona David , Wilcox Nathaniel T
Published: November 2020

This article examines the influence of focality in Colonel Blotto games with a lottery contest success function (CSF), where the equilibrium is unique and in pure strategies. We hypothesise that the salience of battlefields affects strategic behaviour (the salient target hypothesis) and present a controlled test of this hypothesis against Nash predictions, checking the robustness of equilibrium play. When the sources of salience come from asymmetries in battlefield values or labels (as in Schelling, 1960), subjects over-allocate the resource to the salient battlefields relative to the Nash prediction. However, the effect is stronger with salient values. In the absence of salience, we find support for the Nash prediction.
Formation mechanism of isoprene compounds degraded from carotenoids during fermentation of goji wine
Authors: Geng Jiayu , Zhao Lu , Zhang Huiling
Published: November 2020

Fermented goji wine as a functional wine is made from yeast fermentation. To our knowledge, fermented goji wine still has a problem with insufficient characteristic aroma. Research has shown that some isoprene compounds with characteristic aromas may improve the aroma of goji wine. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of isoprene compound production by carotenoid degradation during the fermentation of goji wine. It was found that C1–C6, C5–C6, C6–C7, C7–C8, C8–C9 and C9–C10 were the most easily degraded sites in carotenoids under seven different pretreatment conditions (mechanical treatment, pectinase treatment, adjustment of pH, autoclave treatment, SO2 treatment, oxidation treatment and light treatment). Meanwhile, breaking different sites, different aroma contributions such as woody, rose, fruity and grassy aromas were found. Single-factor simulation experiments of goji wine during the fermentation showed that the metabolites in the fermentation process caused the degradation of carotenoids and most were volatile aroma compounds. These results may help improve the brewing process to enhance the aroma of goji wine.
Regulation of ST6GAL1 sialyltransferase expression in cancer cells
Authors: Dorsett Kaitlyn A , Marciel Michael P , Hwang Jihye , Ankenbauer Katherine E , Bhalerao Nikita , Bellis Susan L
Published: November 2020

The ST6GAL1 sialyltransferase, which adds α2–6 linked sialic acids to N-glycosylated proteins, is overexpressed in a wide range of human malignancies. Recent studies have established the importance of ST6GAL1 in promoting tumor cell behaviors such as invasion, resistance to cell stress and chemoresistance. Furthermore, ST6GAL1 activity has been implicated in imparting cancer stem cell characteristics. However, despite the burgeoning interest in the role of ST6GAL1 in the phenotypic features of tumor cells, insufficient attention has been paid to the molecular mechanisms responsible for ST6GAL1 upregulation during neoplastic transformation. Evidence suggests that these mechanisms are multifactorial, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranslational regulation. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the molecular events that drive enriched ST6GAL1 expression in cancer cells.
Autozygosity mapping and time-to-spontaneous delivery in Norwegian parent-offspring trios
Authors: Sole-Navais Pol , Bacelis Jonas , Helgeland Øyvind , Modzelewska Dominika , Vaudel Marc , Flatley Christopher , Andreassen Ole , Njølstad Pål R , Muglia Louis J , Johansson Stefan , Zhang Ge , Jacobsson Bo
Published: November 2020

Parental genetic relatedness may lead to adverse health and fitness outcomes in the offspring. However, the degree to which it affects human delivery timing is unknown. We use genotype data from ≃25 000 parent-offspring trios from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study to optimize runs of homozygosity (ROH) calling by maximizing the correlation between parental genetic relatedness and offspring ROHs. We then estimate the effect of maternal, paternal and fetal autozygosity and that of autozygosity mapping (common segments and gene burden test) on the timing of spontaneous onset of delivery. The correlation between offspring ROH using a variety of parameters and parental genetic relatedness ranged between −0.2 and 0.6, revealing the importance of the minimum number of genetic variants included in an ROH and the use of genetic distance. The optimized compared to predefined parameters showed a ≃45% higher correlation between parental genetic relatedness and offspring ROH. We found no evidence of an effect of maternal, paternal nor fetal overall autozygosity on spontaneous delivery timing. Yet, through autozygosity mapping, we identified three maternal loci TBC1D1, SIGLECs and EDN1 gene regions reducing the median time-to-spontaneous onset of delivery by ≃2–5% (P-value < 2.3 × 10−6). We also found suggestive evidence of a fetal locus at 3q22.2, near the RYK gene region (P-value = 2.0 × 10−6). Autozygosity mapping may provide new insights on the genetic determinants of delivery timing beyond traditional genome-wide association studies, but particular and rigorous attention should be given to ROH calling parameter selection.
Resveratrol Adjunct Therapy for Negative Symptoms in Patients With Stable Schizophrenia: A Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Samaei Areoo , Moradi Kamyar , Bagheri Sayna , Ashraf-Ganjouei Amir , Alikhani Rosa , Mousavi Seiedeh Bentolhoda , Rezaei Farzin , Akhondzadeh Shahin
Published: November 2020

Background

Patients with schizophrenia can generally manifest a broad variety of primary negative symptoms. The current study aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of resveratrol add-on therapy in the treatment of negative symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia.

Methods

In a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled setting, schizophrenia patients were assigned to receive either 200 mg/d resveratrol or matched placebo in addition to a stable dose of risperidone for 8 weeks. Patients were assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale, the extrapyramidal symptom rating scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale over the trial period. The primary outcome was considered as the change in positive and negative subscale score from baseline to week 8 between the treatment arms.

Results

A total 52 patients completed the trial (26 in each arm). Baseline characteristics of both groups were statistically similar (P  > .05). Despite the statistically similar behavior of positive symptoms between the groups across time (Greenhouse-Geisser corrected: F = 1.76, df = 1.88, P = .180), the resveratrol group demonstrated greater improvement in negative, general psychopathology, and total scores (Greenhouse-Geisser corrected: F = 12.25, df = 2.04, P < .001; F = 5.42, df = 1.56, P = .011; F = 7.64, df = 1.48, P = .003). HDRS scores and its changes, ESRS score, and frequency of other complications were not significantly different between resveratrol and placebo groups.

Conclusion

Adding resveratrol to risperidone can exhibit remarkable efficacy and safety in terms of management of schizophrenia-related negative symptoms.
Transkingdom Interactions Important for the Pathogenesis of Human Viruses
Authors: Nishimoto Andrew , Wohlgemuth Nicholas , Rosch Jason , Schultz-Cherry Stacey , Cortez Valerie , Rowe Hannah M
Published: November 2020

The bacterial, fungal, and helminthic species that comprise the microbiome of the mammalian host have profound effects on health and disease. Pathogenic viruses must contend with the microbiome during infection and likely have evolved to exploit or evade the microbiome. Both direct interactions between the virions and the microbiota and immunomodulation and tissue remodeling caused by the microbiome alter viral pathogenesis in either host- or virus-beneficial ways. Recent insights from in vitro and murine models of viral pathogenesis have highlighted synergistic and antagonistic, direct and indirect interactions between the microbiome and pathogenic viruses. This review will focus on the transkingdom interactions between human gastrointestinal and respiratory viruses and the constituent microbiome of those tissues.
Calcium salts of fatty acids with varying fatty acid profiles in diets of feedlot-finishedBos indicusbulls: impacts on intake, digestibility, performance, and carcass and meat characteristics
Authors: Nascimento Felipe A , Silva Naiara C , Prados Laura F , Pacheco Rodrigo D L , Johnson Bradley J , Cappellozza Bruno I , Resende Flávio D , Siqueira Gustavo R
Published: November 2020

We hypothesized that the inclusion of calcium salts of fatty acid (CSFA) into the diets and the fatty acid (FA) profile of the supplements would impact performance and meat characteristics of Bos indicus bulls. Hence, the objective was to evaluate the effects of CSFA profiles on intake, body weight (BW), carcass, and meat characteristics of feedlot-finished B indicus bulls. Fifty-three Nellore bulls [initial BW 315 ± 5.9 kg and 20 ± 2 mo] were used. At the beginning, 6 bulls were randomly chosen and slaughtered for determination of their BW composition, and the remaining 47 bulls were evaluated during a 140-d experimental period. The bulls were placed in individual pens, blocked according to initial BW and randomly allocated to 1 of the 3 following treatments: (1) control diet containing sugarcane bagasse, ground corn, citrus pulp, peanut meal, and mineral–vitamin mix (CON), (2) CON with the addition of 3.3% of CSFA from soybean oil (CSO), or (3) CON with the addition of a mixture of 3.3% of CSFA from palm, soybean, and cottonseed oils (CPSCO). Diets were offered ad libitum and formulated to be isonitrogenous. Bulls supplemented with CSFA had a greater (P < 0.01) final BW, dry matter intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE), and FA intake vs. CON. Among carcass parameters, CSFA-supplemented bulls had greater (P < 0.01) carcass ether extract concentration vs. CON bulls. When the CSFA profile was evaluated (CSO vs. CPSCO), CPSCO bulls had a better (P ≤ 0.03) FE, carcass ADG, and hot carcass weight (HCW) vs. CSO bulls. The FA intakes differed among CSFA treatments, as the total saturated, palmitic, and oleic FA intakes were greater for CPSCO (P < 0.01), whereas lower intakes of total unsaturated and polyunsaturated FA (P < 0.01) were observed for CPSCO vs. CSO. Samples from the Longissimus muscle contained greater palmitoleic (P = 0.01) and reduced linoleic (P = 0.02) FA concentrations in CSFA-supplemented bulls vs. CON bulls. In agreement with the FA intakes, CPSCO-supplemented bulls had a greater (P ≤ 0.05) unsaturated FA concentration vs. CSO in Longissimus muscle. In summary, CSFA supplementation improved the performance of finishing B. indicus bulls vs. CON. Moreover, the inclusion of CSFA from palm, soybean, and cottonseed oil benefited the FE, carcass ADG, and HCW compared with the inclusion of CSFA from soybean oil, demonstrating the potential of specific FA for improving the performance and meat quality of B. indicus bulls.
Characterization of dietary protein in Brassica carinata meal when used as a protein supplement for beef cattle consuming a forage-based diet
Authors: Schulmeister Tessa M , Ruiz-Moreno Martin , Silva Gleise M , Garcia-Ascolani Mariana , Ciriaco Francine M , Henry Darren D , Lamb G Cliff , Dubeux Jose C B , DiLorenzo Nicolas
Published: November 2020

As a novel oilseed crop in Florida, Brassica carinata has the capacity of producing high-quality jet biofuel, with a protein-dense meal (~40% crude protein; CP) obtained as a by-product of oil extraction. Characterization of the meal protein is limited, yet necessary for formulation of beef cattle diets; therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine ruminal and postruminal digestibility of protein from B. carinata. Eight ruminally cannulated Angus crossbred steers (473 ± 119 kg) were used in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design, in which in situ ruminal and postruminal degradability of nutrients were evaluated. The three-step in vitro procedure was used to compare CP and amino acid (AA) degradation in B. carinata meal pellets (BCM) with that of cottonseed meal (CSM), dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and soybean meal (SBM). In situ bags were incubated in the rumen for 0 to 96 hr, with the undegraded supplement remaining after 16 hr subjected to serial in vitro enzymatic solutions. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Ruminal rate of degradation of dry matter, organic matter, and CP was greatest (P ˂ 0.01; 10.9, 11.3, and 11.5 %/h, respectively) for SBM. Rumen degradable protein (RDP) content did not differ (P = 0.20; 47.8% and 55.1%, respectively) between CSM and DDGS, but was decreased (P ˂ 0.01) compared with SBM and BCM, which did not differ (P = 0.99; 72.3% and 71.8% RDP, respectively). Compared with DDGS, SBM had greater (P < 0.01) intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein (RUP). Intestinally absorbable digestible protein (IADP) was greatest (P < 0.01) for CSM, with SBM and BCM having the least IADP. Total tract digestibility of CP (TTDP) was greater (P < 0.01) for SBM compared with CSM and DDGS. The contribution of RUP to intestinally absorbable AA was 7.2 and 3.1 g of lysine and methionine per kilogram of CP in BCM, respectively. The evaluation of B. carinata meal as protein supplemented for cattle consuming a forage-based diet resulted in 71.8% RDP and 97.1% TTDP, thus indicating its viability as a high-quality protein supplement for beef cattle.
125 Possibility of Shifting Domestic Supply Curve for Lamb and Goat Meat: The Case of Market Price Information in the Southeast USA
Authors: Karki Lila B , Karki Uma , Mentreddy Srinivasa R
Published: November 2020

The United States imported $1.01 billion in lamb and goat meat in 2018, which was 5.94% higher than in 2017. However, local sheep and goat farmers are facing challenges for getting fair prices for their animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the market price of lamb and goat meat in the Southeast United States. The surveys were introduced to 15 cities of Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, and Tennessee. The price for lamb and goat meat was collected for three years (2017–2019). Of the 360 price observations (n = 360) collected from these cities, 290 were for lamb and 70 for goat meat. The price consisted of 27 and 12 different types of lamb and goat meat, respectively, from the selected retail and ethnic stores. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics. The mean price for lamb ranged from $50.58/kg for rack lamb to $10.98/kg for stew bone. Similarly, the most expensive goat meat type was leg stew ($26.38/kg), followed by the whole goat leg ($24.18/kg), and the regular meat was the least expensive ($10.32/kg). The mean price of lamb and goat meat varied as per the type of meat in each state and city. The majority of stores predominantly sold imported lamb and goat meat from Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Mexico, China, and Uruguay. The study revealed that the different types of lamb and goat meatare selling for good prices, thereby indicating a promising market for the domestic lamb and goat meat in the Southeast.
73 Engaging youth through bovine reproductive practices
Authors: Dias Nicholas W , Sales Alvaro , Timlin Claire L , Friedel Curtis , Mercadante Vitor R G
Published: November 2020

Two programs have been established at Virginia Tech with the purpose of engaging youth and showcasing agriculture. The Governor’s School for Agriculture (GSA) program began in 2001, and has over 1,850 graduates. High school juniors and seniors from different areas of the Commonwealth’s schools spend time on campus exploring the life sciences. The Virginia 4-H State Congress (4HC) is the premier, statewide annual 4-H event for outstanding teens, providing educational experiences to Virginia teens and helping them develop life skills and leadership abilities. Our extension group has focused on exposing teens enrolled in the GSA and 4HC to beef production, particularly bovine reproduction and reproductive biotechnologies. The 4-hr workshop, titled “Do it yourself cows”, consists of a mixture of in-class presentations and hands-on laboratories relating to bovine reproductive anatomy and physiology and reproductive biotechnologies. The wet-laboratory consists of bovine female reproductive tracts anatomy dissection and artificial insemination and rectal palpation simulation with a mannequin, as well as demonstrations of equipment used in the field including, nitrogen tank for semen storage, ultrasound and microscope visualization of bovine embryos. The GSA “Bovine Reproduction” course is 4 days long and allows for in-depth discussion of factors influencing fertility and case discussions on beef reproductive management. The hands-on portion of this course is similar to the 4HC workshop, however students are able to perform rectal palpation and ultrasonography in cattle. So far, 40 students from the GSA and 80 students from the 4HC (2 GSA, and 4 4HC programs) have graduated in the course. At the completion of both programs, a survey was performed and 100% of the students considered the program positive and gained knowledge and interest in bovine reproduction. Furthermore, 20% of students from the GSA program developed a desire to pursue a career in livestock production, and 92% of 4HC students claimed to have learned information they can apply in their communities. Our data indicate that we were successful in engaging youth in animal agriculture, specifically beef production.
29 Demonstrating the Effects of Deworming and Implanting Weaned Calves for Retained Ownership on Pasture in Eastern Oklahoma
Authors: Beck Paul A , Ward Earl , Clawson Scott , Pugh Brian , Farris Rodney
Published: November 2020

The majority of cow-calf producers in Oklahoma sell their calves at weaning. Preconditioning and retained ownership through the stocker phase provides economic benefits to these operations. The objectives of this demonstration were to illustrate the benefits of growth promoting technologies for calves post-weaning. Calves (n = 39 heifers and 24 steers; BW = 229 ± 23.9 kg) from the OSU Eastern Research Station cowherd were weaned on day – 20 (April 15) and preconditioned. On day 0 (May 6), calves (n = 20 heifers and 12 steers) were treated for internal parasites (Dectomax, Zoetis Animal Health) and evenly allocated to 2 Bermudagrass/tall fescue pastures (9.5 ± 1.42 ha) for 143 days. The remaining calves (n = 19 heifers and 12 steers) were not treated for parasites and allocated to 2 pastures (9.1 ± 1.42 ha). In each pasture, ½ of the calves of each sex were implanted (Synovex-S or Synovex-H, Zoetis). Calves dewormed on day 0 and were dewormed again on day 70 (July 16). Data were analyzed as a split plot experimental design with dewormer treatment as the main plot and calf sex and implant treatment were the split plots. There were no interactions among calf sex, deworming, and implants (P ≥ 0.42). Steers were heavier (P < 0.01) than heifers throughout the summer, but did not have an advantage in gain performance (P ≥ 0.22). Deworming did not impact (P = 0.44) overall growth performance of calves, but did numerically (P = 0.18) increase ADG from day 71 to 143 by 0.15 kg/d. Growth promoting implants increased (P = 0.03) daily gains by 0.09 kg/day in the early summer and over the entire summer by 0.07 kg/day (P < 0.01). The combination of deworming and implants increased (P = 0.01) season long ADG by 0.11 kg/day over unimplanted controls. This demonstration was used to illustrate the potential that growth promoting implants and deworming provides for economically beneficial performance enhancement for retained stocker calves on mixed grass pasture.
7 Assessment of beef cattle record keeping utilization and application: a collaboration of the Alabama Beef Cattle Improvement Association and the Alabama Cooperative Extension System
Authors: Elmore Michelle F , Mullenix Mary K , Elmore Joshua B
Published: November 2020

Beef cattle producers engaged in the Alabama Beef Cattle Improvement Association (BCIA) Commercial Record Keeping Program were surveyed to assess application of record keeping to operational management. In 2014, the specialized record-keeping system utilized by Alabama BCIA transitioned from software-based, centralized processing to an internet-based system to allow for hands-on use. The application of this new system and hands-on use was evaluated. A brief, online survey of 14 multiple-choice questions was developed. Question topics included basic demographics, value level, length of use, frequency of use, devices used, record areas, management decisions and meeting needs. The Qualtrics®XM web-based survey tool was used to evaluate results. A response rate of 44.64% was reached. Respondents represented cattlemen in business for 30+ years 44%, 20+ years 32%, 10+ years 12%, 5 to 10 years 4%, 3 to 5 years 4% and less than 3 years 4%. Cow inventory reflected 50 to 100 cows 24%, 100 to 200 cows 24%, 20 to 50 cows 20%, 200 to 300 cows 16%, 300 to 400 cows 8% and 500+ cows 8%. Longevity of BCIA record keeping reached 20 to 30 years 24%, 1 to 5 years 24%, 5 to 10 years 20%, 10 to 15 years 16%, 15 to 20 years 12% and beginning 4%. Value of performance records rated extremely valuable 72.0%, and hands-on access rated very valuable 92.0%. A majority indicated accessing the system weekly 40.0%, monthly 16.0% or daily 8.0%. The most common device was combination of computer and smartphone 36.0%. The most active record keeping areas were calving records 21.57%, weaning data 19.64% and culling cows based on performance 17.86%. Planned expansion was yearling data for replacement heifers 22.58% and collecting mature cow weights at calf weaning 20.97%. Overall, responding cattle producers indicated the internet-based system was definitely meeting their needs 88.0%.
15 Climate Change and the Evolving Fulani Pastoralists Cattle Production System in Nigeria: A Need to Retool Extension and Innovation Services
Authors: Omotayo Akinwumi , Bolden-Tiller Olga , Okere Chukuemeka
Published: November 2020

The Fulani pastoralists of Nigeria, as in other parts of West Africa, are traditionally semi- sedentary or nomadic herders, and are often described as the largest nomadic group in the world. The combined effects of climate change and instability due to terrorist activities have led to massive displacement of many Nigerian Fulani households to Southwestern Nigeria in search of refuge, pasture and water for their cattle. The objective of this project was to examine the current Fulani cattle production system. In addition to obtaining data via focus groups and direct observation, a survey was administered to members of 600 Fulani pastoralist households to determine cattle production techniques and herding strategies adopted. The observation period occurred over a 24 month period in three Southwestern Nigeria states (Ogun, Kwara and Oyo). Herding activities were mapped by using hand-held Global Positioning System (GPS) to obtain the coordinates of grazing routes and settlements. The results showed that the Fulani operate a system of male social contract and kinship networks in labor utilization and movement of herds. Among semi-sedentary and sedentary groups, the grazing orbit was usually within 5km to 10km radius of the settlement, depending on the season. Of the households observed, very few had access to tap or treated water (0.9% in Oyo, 1.4% in Ogun and 0.2% in Kwara). In Ogun, rivers and streams provided water for the largest number of households, while in Kwara, hand-dug wells were the largest providers. In Oyo, streams and rivers provided water for a large percentage of the Fulani households. In addition to a lack of basic water infrastructure, the results further revealed low productivity of cattle due to poor management and the utilization of cattle breeds with low genetic potential. It is recommended that micro-ranches, enhanced by extension services that provide training on cattle management, be implemented for this population.
50 Effects of acclimation on cattle response to humans while being handled
Authors: Hemphill Corban H , Reuter Ryan R , Neel James P , Goodman Laura
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of previous human interaction on the behavior of beef cows while they are being handled. To achieve this, 84 F-1 Angus x Brahman cows were randomly assigned to one of two human interaction treatments. The positive human-animal interaction group (P) was subjected to daily contact with a herdsman (on foot) for 15 minutes and was fed supplement by the herdsman. The control group (N) was checked daily and fed from a vehicle, with no direct human interaction. Each acclimation procedure was replicated in 2 pastures/herds (n = 16 to 26 cows in each herd). During routine processing times for these herds (d 0, 256, and 317), herds were gathered from their pastures and temperament was assessed. Chute and alley scores were assigned to individual animals by the same trained observer and ranged from 1 (calm) to 5 (aggressive). Chute exit velocity was also measured. Temperament variables were evaluated with ANOVA as a split plot with acclimation procedure in the whole plots and pasture as the whole-plot experimental unit, and processing time in the split plot. Neither human interaction (P = 0.99) nor time (P = 0.13) affected chute exit velocity. Chute score increased through time (P = 0.01) but was not affected by human interaction (P = 0.70). Alley score was not affected by human interaction (P = 0.32) or time (P = 0.81). Neither time nor the specific type of human acclimation we implemented affected cattle temperament, indicating other traits may be more important. Alternatively, different acclimation procedures may be more effective to improve cattle temperament.
80 Evaluation of extended release eprinomectin efficacy on multiparous beef cow performance
Authors: Zammit Laine , Powell Jermey G , Cauble Reagan N , Lester Toby D , Lichtenwalter Callan , Herring Ellen , McGuire Clay , Pickett Autumn T , Wray Eva , Tucker Christopher
Published: November 2020

Internal parasitism inevitability prompts economic loss in beef cattle production by decreasing growth performance and reproductive traits. Previous studies have conflicting results on the macrocyclic lactones (ML) efficacy against internal parasitism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of milbeymycin and avermectin sub groups of ML on cow performance. Multiparous fall calving, crossbred beef cows (n = 106) were allocated randomly to 1 of 3 anthelmintic treatments: 1) Negative control (CON), in which cows did not receive an anthelmintic, 2) Injectable moxidectin (MOX) and 3) Injectable extended release eprinomectin (ERE). Body weights (BW), body condition scores (BCS), and fecal egg counts (FEC) were taken throughout the duration of the calving season to weaning on d0, d80, d162, and d217, with weaning occurring on d217. Performance data were analyzed using the MIXED procedures of SAS, and pregnancy data were analyzed using the GENMOD procedures of SAS. Significance was fixed at P < 0.05 and tendencies were established from 0.05 ≤ P ≤ 0.10. There was no effect of anthelmintic treatment on cow BW (P ≥ 0.57) or cow BCS (P ≥ 0.22) during the 217 d study; however, CON cows tended to have lower BCS (P = 0.08) throughout the duration of the study. Cows treated with ERE had fewer FEC compared to MOX and CON groups (P ≤ 0.001) and tended to improve pregnancy rates (c2 = 0.0546). Calf weaning weight was similar among treatments averaging 216, 225, and 223 kg regarding CON, MOX, and ERE cow treatments, respectively.