bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blaise Cendrars − O terceiro elemento do Movimento Pau Brasil (?)
Authors: Batista Eduardo Luis Araújo de Oliveira
Published: October 2016

Neste artigo oferecemos uma diferente visão sobre a relação do poeta Blaise Cendrars junto aos modernistas brasileiros, visto pela crítica brasileira (Amaral, 1997; Eulálio, 2001; Martins, 1992) como o responsável direto pela virada nacionalista em nosso Modernismo, e como guia dos brasileiros no “descobrimento” de sua própria nação. Cendrars é aqui apresentado como um terceiro elemento do movimento Pau Brasil − formado por Tarsila do Amaral e Oswald de Andrade, os três amparados pela sombra poderosa de Paulo Prado. Propomos reverter a corrente ideia de uma influência unilateral, na qual os brasileiros são situados como devedores do mestre europeu, para uma relação de influências recíprocas, sugerindo um trabalho em conjunto, concretizado em três obras: os livros de poemas Feuilles de route, de Blaise Cendrars, de 1924; Poesia Pau Brasil, de Oswald de Andrade, de 1925; e a exposição de Tarsila do Amaral realizada na Galerie Percier, em Paris, em 1926.
As musas de Jorge de Lima em Invenção de Orfeu
Authors: Cavalcanti Luciano Marcos Dias
Published: October 2016

Este texto pretende examinar a presença da figura da Musa em Invenção de Orfeu de Jorge de Lima. Para isso, faremos uma pequena introdução sobre a origem e significado da Musa, para, logo após, analisar como Jorge de Lima se utilizou dessa tradição mítica da criação poética na elaboração de seu poema.
Modernidade e modernismo: arte, técnica, trabalho
Authors: Fabris Marcos
Published: October 2016

Em chave materialista histórica, este artigo pretende discutir as formulações equacionadas pelo crítico e poeta francês Charles Baudelaire para a arte moderna na Paris do século XIX e sua atualidade. Partindo sobretudo das considerações presentes em seu célebre ensaio O pintor da vida moderna, pretende-se examinar o papel almejado para a arte política mais consequente, bem como os protagonistas que o desempenharão nas mais diversas formas de expressão artística – fotografia inclusa.
João Guimarães Rosa, um filossemita? A questão judaica, as cartas e o testemunho de Israel Klabin
Authors: Fux Jacques
Published: October 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar as relações que João Guimarães Rosa travou com a família judaica de Israel Klabin. A partir das correspondências entre Rosa e Klabin e de uma entrevista realizada por mim, intento demonstrar o filossemitismo de Rosa. Além disso, com base em documentos, livros e pesquisas, discuto o conhecimento e a atuação de Rosa na emissão de vistos para judeus durante seu período na Embaixada Brasileira em Hamburgo.
Rios, pontes e overdrives: trânsito e a (de)composição do espaço em Amarelo Manga
Authors: Sousa Ramayana Lira de
Published: October 2016

O filme Amarelo Manga, de Cláudio Assis, é visto como obra de um cinema que quebra com centralidade da figura humana e apresenta uma composição peculiar do espaço, em especial em relação à representação da decadência urbana do terceiro mundo. Procura-se investigar as manobras da narrativa e das imagens para, em última análise, apontar o filme de Assis como um exame do declínio da cidade que, ao mesmo tempo, instiga a crítica à vontade humana e a valores liberais.
Teorias Oníricas e O Romance Onírico de Inversão de Nuruddin Farah
Authors: Carbonieri Divanize
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer uma conexão entre os estudos dos sonhos e a literatura, analisando como diversas teorias oníricas influenciaram a leitura e possivelmente a construção de três romances africanos contemporâneos. O objeto de análise é a trilogia Blood in the sun, do escritor somali Nuruddin Farah, na qual o autor propõe a combinação de duas camadas narrativas, uma dada pelo que os personagens experimentam em sua vida de vigília e a outra configurada por seus sonhos. A imobilidade experimentada por eles quando despertos, em virtude da opressão política e social que enfrentam em suas comunidades, é compensada nos espaços oníricos, que invertem o que vivenciam no mundo real. Para a compreensão de obras desse tipo, em que os sonhos não são apenas apêndices narrativos, mas elementos que alteram profundamente a estrutura romanesca, é necessário o alargamento do repertório crítico a partir do diálogo com múltiplas teorias oníricas.
Paixões amorosas, paixões políticas
Authors: Ramalho Fábio
Published: October 2016

Este ensaio pretende tomar parte nos estudos sobre as prolíficas relações entre cinema e nostalgia. Nele, proponho discutir em que medida o filme Les roseaux sauvages (1994), do diretor francês André Téchiné, delineia a juventude como um momento de abertura, intensificação e incerteza, ao situar os dramas e conflitos de seus personagens no contexto da França de 1962, durante os últimos desdobramentos da guerra pela independência da Argélia. A despeito da temática do filme e de seus traços potencialmente autobiográficos, busco argumentar que a nostalgia deveria ser aqui explorada menos na dimensão autoral do que através da revisitação de artefatos culturais, bem como nas articulações propostas entre amor, história e política. A nostalgia constitui uma estrutura complexa de múltiplas temporalidades sobrepostas na qual o espectador está necessariamente implicado. Nesse sentido, ela envolve um engajamento afetivo e uma resposta subjetiva que busco explicitar.
Os prefácios dos romances iniciais e o método de composição de Machado de Assis
Authors: Pereira Cilene Margarete
Published: October 2016

Este artigo discute a importância dos textos introdutórios, denominados advertências, para o entendimento da obra ficcional de Machado de Assis, destacando o prefácio de seu primeiro romance, Ressurreição, de 1872. Nele, o escritor aponta seu método de construção ficcional baseada na caracterização e oposição das personagens a partir de alguns versos motivadores de Shakespeare, retirados da peça Medida por Medida.
Cinemas do Mundo, Cinemas no Mundo: Entrevista com Stephanie Dennison, da University of Leeds - Stephanie Dennison (University of Leeds)
Authors: Dennison Stephanie
Published: October 2016

Dra. Stephanie Dennison (entrevistada)Entrevistadoras Dra. Ramayana Lira e Dra Alessandra Brandão
Canção popular: notas sobre a revocalização do logos
Authors: Oliveira Leonardo Davino de
Published: October 2016

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de debater o processo de emudecimento do logos poético ao longo do tempo, a partir da análise de algumas canções populares. Apoiados nas observações levadas a público por Adriana Cavarero no livro Vozes plurais: filosofia da expressão vocal (2011), investigamos a presença dos “animais vocálicos”, tomando como exemplo a conhecida fábula da formiga e da cigarra de La Fontaine, passamos pelas avaliação da lírica como “voz do coração” e audição das sereias “mulheres que cantam” como signos da ontologia da poesia e da canção popular, até a polifonia vocal da mitopoética de Macunaíma, como representante de um ensaio sobre o Brasil.
A redefinição continuada do lugar da canção popular na cultura brasileira contemporânea
Authors: Cyntrão Sylvia H.
Published: October 2016

Este texto propõe-se a discutir a continuidade sempre redefinida da canção popular brasileira a partir da década dos anos 60 do século XX e de que forma manifesta-se contemporaneamente como vetor estético de representação, sendo um produto cultural que trabalha com a transfiguração do real, manipulando um capital simbólico coletivo. Entende-se seu criador como o sujeito que ressignifica esteticamente as tradições culturais. Este artigo tenta oferecer algumas pistas sobre o lugar social e existencial do cancionista hoje, no Brasil.
SEIS DIGRESSÕES SOBRE O HERÓI IMAGENS, SIGNOS, IDIOMAS
Authors: Fontes Joaquim Brasil
Published: October 2016

Retomando, na Eneida, a tradição grega do heroi épico, Virgílio a prolonga e transforma em profundidade, inscrevendo-a no horizonte espiritual e linguístico do mundo romano. Este artigo acompanha momentos deste trabalho de reescrita intertextual, assinalando seus pontos nodais: catástrofe/fundamento; destino/extravio; mênis/pietas; imortal/mortal; os dois rostos da Fama; dinamismo/contingência.
An Application of the Shift Share Analysis for Transformation of the Agricultural Sector in Economic Areas at South East Sulawesi
Authors: Abidin Zainal -
Published: October 2016

Agriculture sector is still dominan in Product Domestic Regional Bruto (PDRB) at South East Sulawesi Province. Shift share Analysis is one of analysis tools that can be used to analyze shift and share of overall of sectors of PDRB. The research was conduted to identify shifting overall sectors of PDRB of South East Sulawesi with shift-share analysis. The research used GDP of Indonesia, PDRB of South East Sulawesi and PDRB of cities/regenceis in South East Sulawesi 2003 and 2013 year base on constant price at year 2000. The result of research showed that application of shift share analysis can give overview about agriculture transformation in South East Sulawesi. Developing agricultural sector in South East Sulawesi depends on national development. The growth of agricultural sector in South East Sulawesi is classified as slow, and have Net Shift (NS) around IDR 144.868,720 million. Agricultural sector also has competitive advantage, specialization and also allocation effect. Shift share analysis also showed that agricultural sector has strong linkage with other sectors and has positif influence with other sectors to push regional output. This analysis needs to be applicated at micro levels to get agricultural commodities transformation that has competitive advantage and specialized to develop for increasing regional output in South East Sulawesi.
Well Inflow Profiling Verification Using Thermo-Hydrodynamic Modeling
Authors: Nikolin I. , Dauboin P. , Shako V. , Kotlyar L. , Miklashevskiy D. , Lovell J.
Published: October 2016

During oilfield development and production stages, the zonal rate and phase allocation often enables effective well and reservoir production management in multilayer reservoirs. Production allocation is necessary to reconcile oil, gas, and water measurements at all entry and exit points at all stages of reservoir development. Model-based quantitative interpretation of field production logging data is proposed as a tool to make more-informed decisions for water horizons isolation in a multilayer well.

The conventional technique of zonal allocation from production logging data has been successfully used for decades. This approach is based mainly on the analysis of several types of logs including steady-state temperature profiles and may face difficulties related to the uniqueness of pay zone allocation profiling due to uncertainties in input data. This shortcoming makes it inapplicable in certain challenging cases. This paper focuses on one such case.

Determination of zonal contributions in multizone multiphase wells from a limited data set is often challenging due to the complex nature of fluid flow under varying dynamic conditions and uncertainties. Therefore, the integrated analysis of transient measurements, including temperature, pressure, and rate, is suggested to mitigate the impact of such uncertainties. Using comprehensive hydrodynamic and thermal models in this process enables elimination of unrealistic or ambiguous interpretation scenarios that can arise from using simplistic methods.

This paper illustrates the new workflow for joint analysis of temperature, pressure, and rate transient measurements acquired in an oil well during a multirate test in a multilayer reservoir using a production logging tool. The workflow is based on using in-house nonisothermal transient code for quantitative interpretation of the full field data. The interpreted data set includes distributed (logs) and station measurements (trends) that were used for quantitative analysis of pressure and temperature for both production and shut-in regimes. We also demonstrate how this approach enables treating challenging contradiction between spinner and other log data caused by the complex structure of the reservoir and wellbore flows. In particular, the paper addresses challenges and the value of quantitative analysis of the transient temperature profiles during shut-in with multiple crossflows.

The paper concludes how joint quantitative analysis of temperature, pressure, and rate data, enables high-confidence zonal allocation and determination of hydrodynamic model in a multilayer reservoir.
Semi-analytical Modeling of Multi-stage Fractured Horizontal Wells Coupled with Geomechanics: Considering Hydraulic Fracture Stress-sensitivity and Shale Anisotropy
Authors: Yao Shanshan , Wang Xiangzeng , Zeng Fanhua , Ju Ning
Published: October 2016

Production from multi-stage fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) in shale reservoirs causes stress changes which further influence the conductivities of the hydraulic fractures. Moreover, many shale rocks are strongly anisotropic. The objective of this study is to develop a fast semi-analytical model for MFHWs with coupling geomechanics and fluid flow. The effects of stress-sensitive hydraulic fractures and shale anisotropy are considered.

This study first uses an exponential correlation between principal stresses and pore pressure changes in anisotropic shale. Then the correlation is applied to match experimental data of fracture conductivities vs. effective stress. The fracture compressibility in the exponential equation is stress-dependent rather than constant. Next, this study discretizes each hydraulic fracture into several slab source segments. For each segment in each time step, pressure distribution is calculated with source/sink functions. Then both stress field and hydraulic fracture conductivities are updated according to the pressure distribution with the aforementioned correlations before starting next time step.

Calculations of production rates with this model generate series of type curves for rate transient analysis of MFHWs with stress-sensitive hydraulic fractures. First of all, the production rate of a MFHW with stress-sensitive hydraulic fractures decreases faster than that with constant fracture conductivities at early-stage production. Secondly, the hydraulic fracture compressibility decreases with the increasing effective stress. Such change of the fracture conductivity is determined by the initial value and declining rates of fracture compressibility. Thirdly, shale anisotropy caused by kerogen leads to a larger increase of effective horizontal stresses when the reservoir pressure drops during production. Moreover, in terms of stress-sensitivity, fracture designs with improved conductivity are more resistant to the loss of fracture conductivity than large-volume designs for longer fracture length but lower conductivity.
A Composite Model for Multi-Stage Fractured Horizontal Wells in Heterogeneous Reservoirs
Authors: Yao Shanshan , Wang Xiangzeng , Zeng Fanhua , Li Min , Ju Ning
Published: October 2016

Analytical multi-linear models are popular in the well testing analysis of multi-stage fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs). But such models are challenged now. In high density network of hydraulic fractures, the fluid flow around fracture tips no longer behaves like linear flow. Moreover, the production behaviors of hydraulic fractures are different at different stages in heterogeneous reservoirs. To overcome the two challenges, this study develops a semi-analytical composite model for MFHWs in heterogeneous reservoirs.

The stimulated reservoir is regarded as a combination of several closed sub-systems with hydraulic fractures centered or uncentered. Each sub-system is further divided into several regions based on reservoir heterogeneity and flow characteristics. Reservoir and hydraulic fracture properties can be different in those regions. The production from each region is modeled by the solutions of linear flow equations or radial flow equations or source/sink functions. The production from a sub-system is modeled by coupling the solutions of regions in the sub-system. The production from the whole reservoir is then modeled by coupling the solutions of all sub-systems. The composite model was validated by analytical solutions in homogeneous reservoirs and numerical solutions in heterogeneous reservoirs. Calculations of production pressure and rates with this composite model generate type curves for the pressure and rate transient analysis of MFHWs. Two field cases are further analyzed with the type curves.

One novelty of this model is to consider the non-linear flow around hydraulic fracture tips. Therefore, our model is better prepared for incorporating pressure-dependent heterogeneous reservoir properties in the future. The other novelty of this study is the ability to model the different production behavior at different fracture stages in complex heterogeneous reservoirs.
Fracturing in Challenging Low-Temperature Reservoirs: Combining Laboratory and Field Approach Produces Promising Results
Authors: Parkhonyuk Sergey , Klyubin Artem , Vernigora Denis , Olennikova Olesya , Lisitsyn Andrey , Konchenko Andrey , Sitdikov Dmitry , Bildanov Vladislav , Gaponov Mikhail
Published: October 2016

Development of traditional oil reservoirs is becoming increasingly challenging with time as more reservoirs move to brown state. The Bashkiria field complex is typical example of such reservoir: development started in 1932 and as of today, more than 80% of initial oil reserves have been produced. Thus, the only method to make wells produce economically is hydraulic fracturing.

Particularities of the region are viscous crude oils, small net height of the reservoir, and low bottomhole static temperatures coupled with depleted reservoir pressure. This imposes additional constraints on the hydraulic fracturing design. The typical practice in region is to employ an aggressive pumping strategy to maximize fracture conductivity and minimize the amount of fluid pumped into the reservoir. Robust fluid is required to avoid premature screenout due to proppant settling.

Another essential component of the fracture conductivity is fracturing fluid breakers. The goal in using breakers is to reduce fluid viscosity and break polymer residues in the proppant pack after treatment to facilitate fracture cleanup.

Traditionally, breakers based on ammonium persulfate (APS) (both live and encapsulated) are used in Russian oil fields. They have proved successful in the typical conditions of Western Siberia (80 to 120°C). Enzyme-based breakers have limitations on temperature range and fluid viscosity range.

In this paper, we focus on development of novel fracturing fluid tailored for Bashkiria oilfield conditions. An enzyme breaker was compared with traditional oxidative breakers.

Production analyses were performed using actual treatment data and post-fracturing production data and comparing them with conventional treatment results.

Laboratory testing proved that in terms of fracture-pack conductivity, the new enzyme breaker produced approximately twice the conductivity, as did oxidative breakers over the temperature range of the Bashkiria region. Implementation of novel fluid with pressure-independent viscosity behavior led to a reduction of more than twice the screenout rate with zero fluid-related screen outs. Up to 9 times production increase resulted based on a dimensionless productivity index.
Assessing Existing Effluent Analysis Requirements to Improve Effluent Quality Reporting
Authors: Arhin-Andoh C..
Published: October 2016

Ghanaians have been concerned about the pollution of the surrounding waters of the country since the start of offshore exploration activities (GNA, 2013). Fishermen have complained about the effects on availability of fish, while coastal dwellers have attributed every strange discoloration of the coastline to activities of oil companies. There has also been dissatisfaction expressed in the inefficiencies of the Jubilee environmental impact assessment conducted before the start of operations. This project served to ascertain if indeed oil companies in Ghana were complying with meeting international and EPA Ghana requirements for management of produced water disposal identified any gaps and came out with a unique guideline for Ghana to implement.

According to R.L Petrusac et al(2000), produced water is one of the largest streams of waste from offshore facilities. In order to identify gaps in existing effluent analysis requirements, this paper assessed produced water, from FPSO Kwame Nkrumah, a base case scenario of current analysis requirements in Ghana was assessed, selected countries; US, UK, Norway and Nigeria analysis requirements were also examined to bring out the gaps and a guideline was drafted for use by stakeholders.

Taking a look at analysis required in the various countries compared with Ghana, it was seen that the requirements varied from one country to the other. The only requirement running through all was the oil and grease requirement. This was accepted by all as being an important value to be monitored. A guideline was developed to include all other analysis in the other countries which were not currently being monitored in Ghana. This guideline will be useful to stakeholders interested in finding out produced water effluent composition in order to prevent pollution and also advise on important analysis required to be carried out.
Preventing Injury and Fatalities - Applying a Preventing Serious Injury and Fatalities Field Guide
Authors: Ndahondyapo Pitra Deodete N , Lima Jorge
Published: October 2016

The oil industry has been successful in reducing injuries along the past couple of years without improving fatality rates and Serious Injuries data. The industry needs to execute high risk work with consistency and in order to prevent serious injuries and fatalities.

This article presents how Health, Environment and Safety (HES)-Workforce Safety team effectively increase focus on activities more likely to cause serious injuries and fatalities, by applying a new way of thinking about the traditional ‘Safety Pyramid’ and presenting results of the practical implementation of a Fatality Prevention field guide.

The fatality prevention approach recommends a methodology that focus on five steps to improving fatality prevention efforts and outcomes which are: understand highest risk activities and incident types, validate field-level performance associated with these activities,, assign accountability for actions, align protective and other systems,, and align behaviors associated with high risk activities and incident types.

The Preventing Serious Injuries and Fatalities field guide is a tool used to raise Preventing Serious Injury and Fatalities awareness among workers, supervisors, and work leaders, and supplements ongoing efforts to prevent Serious Injuries and Fatality without replacing existing permitting procedures and safe work practices. The field guide helps review high risk potential hazards and mitigations associated with all phases of high risk work, including, planning, permitting, implementing and closeout. This paper present result of practical implementation of the Fatality Prevention field guide in operations.
Dope-Free Technology in Oilfield Tubulars Reduces Environmental Discharge Amongst Other Benefits
Authors: Bruce-Cathline Cyril , Goretta Emiliano Actis , Franceschi Esteban De
Published: October 2016

Environmental impact reduction is an essential component that compliments the commitment of every Oil and Gas Operator, Service provider, etc. towards the promotion of a greener environment. From the planning phase of oilfield operations, OCTG- Oil-Country Tubular Goods require the use of thread compounds (pipe dope) to protect machined surfaces from environmental corrosion, to lubricate the connections during installations and also provide sealability among other expectations.

From the production, storage, preparation for operations, running and installation of OCTG, the use of thread compounds cannot be overlooked. These compounds like most Oilfield chemicals expose both personnel and environment to a harmful condition, placing all personnel involved in this value chain of material and service delivery affected one way or the other. A technologically crafted modern solution/alternative was developed in 2003 to fully eliminate the use of these thread compounds- A Dope-Free Solution replacing both storage and running compounds (Carcagno, G., Castiñeiras, T., & Dag, J., 2007). These Dope-Free connections are equipped with a dry coating applied through a controlled industrial process.

It was first developed to meet the strict environmental requirements in the North Sea. In line with the "zero discharge" policy, this dry coating applied onto threads soon demonstrated other operative , health and safety advantages as compared to the traditional thread compounds. A presentation is made highlighting the benefits with the use of the Dope-Free technology, with a focus on health, safety and environment impact during storage, cleaning, inspection, running and post running operations including waste management. Two areas where tubular are used are considered; Rig site and Service yards. For example, the elimination of human application of thread compounds, the elimination of the need to clean thread protectors which could amount to other operative costs.

In this study, a side by side comparison is done to realize the benefits.
The removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by almond green hull waste material: kinetic and equilibrium studies
Authors: Nasseh Negin , Taghavi Lobat , Barikbin Behnam , Harifi-Mood Ali Reza
Published: October 2016

The discharge of industrial effluents containing hexavalent chromium into the environment can be very harmful to living things. Therefore, prior to effluent discharge into the environment, hexavalent chromium should be removed from contaminated water and especially from wastewaters. In the present work, almond green hull powder (AGHP) was investigated for the removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater. The effects of pH (2–10), adsorbent dose (2–24 g L−1), Cr(VI) concentration (10–100 mg L−1), contact time (1–60 min), and temperature (5–50 °C) were studied. All the experiments were performed in triplicate and average results were reported. The surface morphology, pore volume and size, pH of zero point charge (pHZPC) and surface functional groups of AGHP were characterized. Isotherm and kinetic evaluations were also conducted in the present study. The results revealed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) by AGHP was an adsorbate, adsorbent, and temperature dependent process that was favorable under acidic conditions. Furthermore, AGHP absorbed over 99% of chromium from the solutions containing 10–100 mg L−1 of Cr(VI) based on the Freundlich model. In summary, hexavalent chromium was not found in almond kernel. Biosorption onto AGHP is an affordable and economical adsorption process for treating Cr(VI)-laden industrial wastewater.
El programa “Pueblos Mágicos” y la sustentabilidad turística; el caso de Cosalá y los eventos “Cosaltazo” y “Cosalazo”
Authors: Ibarra Michel Juan Pedro , Velarde Valdés Mónica
Published: October 2016

El presente estudio se enfoca en el análisis de dos eventos el “Cosaltazo” y “Cosalazo” que se desarrollan en la comunidad de Cosalá, Sinaloa que forma parte del programa “Pueblos Mágicos” y que constituye un ejemplo de cómo se puede desviar la orientación sustentable que exigen los lineamientos de dicho programa, que promueve una actividad turística sustentable como eje principal del desarrollo económico de las comunidades elegidas. A partir de la implementación del programa en la comunidad se han implementado estrategias que han permitido la conservación y restauración del patrimonio cultural y arquitectónico del lugar, pero con la autorización de los eventos que hoy se estudian se constata el riesgo que pueden constituir productos turísticos que no se caracterizan por seguir los lineamientos de sustentabilidad que se exigen en las reglas de operación  del programa señalado. Esta investigación analiza la forma en que se ha implementado dicho programa en la comunidad y las opiniones de pobladores, comerciantes y prestadores de servicios que ponen en evidencia los efectos negativos que tienen la celebración de dichos eventos  para la conservación del patrimonio arquitectónico y las tradiciones del lugar así como la necesidad de una mayor y mejor coordinación entre los tomadores de decisiones que orienten de forma adecuada la actividad turística desde la creación de productos turísticos sustentables.
REGULATORY GUIDELINES FOR APPROVAL OF BIOSIMILARS IN INDIA, EUROPE, BRAZIL AND CHINA: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW
Authors: Chauhan Meenakshi K. , Malik Shipra
Published: October 2016

A biosimilar is a biological medicinal product that contains a version of the active substance of an already authorized original biological medicinal product (reference medicinal product). A biosimilar demonstrates similarity to the reference biological product in terms of quality characteristics, biological activity, safety and efficacy based on a comprehensive comparability exercise. EMA (European Medicines Agency) was the first to introduce the guidelines for biosimilar approval, effective from June 2006. Biosimilar guideline was released in 2010 in Brazil and 2012 in India. Recently China published its guideline for biosimilar approval in 2015.

This article summarizes the regulatory requirements for approval of biosimilars in India, Europe, Brazil, and China. These countries require comparability exercise of a biosimilar with reference biological product for generating comparative analytical, non-clinical and clinical data (usually one or two phase 1 and phase 3 comparative studies). A case study of infliximab biosimilar approval in India, Brazil and Europe has also been included.
SYNTHETIC PRODUCT ILLEGALLY SOLD IN BRAZIL AS A MEDICINAL HERBAL PRODUCT: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND THE PATIENT’S MEDICATION EXPERIENCE
Authors: Mendonça Thays Santos , Miranda Rayza Martins , Carollo Carlos Alexandre , Mendonça Simone De Araújo Medina , Siqueira João Máximo De
Published: October 2016

Objective: To analyze a product illegally sold as herbal medicine acquired and used by a patient and to understand the reasons that led the patient to use this product. Methods: The chemical analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis with a direct infusion with a Bruker Daltonics UltroTOF-Q, in positive mode. A qualitative interview was conducted with the patient. The data obtained were submitted to thematic analysis. Results: Chemical analysis confirmed the presence of piroxicam and orphenadrine, and the complete absence of a natural product. The qualitative study revealed three themes: previous experience with the disease and the use of medicines, feelings about the care provided by health professionals, and the patient’s solution.Conclusion: The commercial availability of this kind of product raises concerns about safety and demonstrates the necessity for more intensive surveillance by health authorities. In addition, the present study showed the need for a patient-centered practice and the understanding of medication experience to provide effective care to patients who use medicines to preserve them from unsafe products.
EXTRACELLULAR COLD ACTIVE ENDOGLUCANASE AND PIGMENT PRODUCING PSYCHROTOLERANT PENICILLIUM PINOPHILUM
Authors: Maharana Abhas Kumar
Published: October 2016

Objective: The objective of the present study was on Penicillium pinophilum strain F2 from soil samples of Jammu city having the potentiality to produce alkaline cold active endoglucanase and pigment.

Methods: Penicillium pinophilum strain F2, a psychrotolerant micro-fungus was isolated from soil of Jammu city, India by taking Czapek’s Dox agar incubated at 15 °C. The strain was screened for production of cold active enzymes by taking various substrates at 15 °C. Final production was done for cold active endoglucanase by using sugarcane bagasse and ground nut shell as substrates. Besides, the strain was also able to produce red color pigment at a low temperature which was further studied to optimize its production by changing pH and growth medium. The produced pigment was used for dyeing of wool and silk, and absorption percentages were also calculated.

Results: Screening for the production of cold active enzymes revealed it as a good producer of cellulose followed by lipase and amylase. Endoglucanase production revealed the total enzyme titer (total enzyme activity) was found to be 5.032 folds higher in sugarcane bagasse (38.91 units) than groundnut shell (7.732 units). Endoglucanase activity was maximum 9.82±0.33 units/ml and 2.29±0.31 units/ml after 120 h of incubation at 15 °C by sugarcane bagasse and groundnut shells, respectively. Red color pigment production was maxima at pH 5 in Czapek’s Dox broth. Maximum absorption percentage was seen by the treatment soaked with mordant, i.e. 5% CuSO4 (51.52%) and without a mordant, it showed about 45.54%.

Conclusion: Due to the above unique features and capability to produce cold active endoglucanase and pigment by strain F2, can be used significantly in various industries.
MINI REVIEW ON THERAPEUTIC PROFILE OF PHENOXY ACIDS AND THIER DERIVATIVES
Authors: Begum Shaheen , K. Bharathi , S.r.g Prasad K.v.
Published: October 2016

Phenoxy acids and their derivatives are associated with a variety of biological activities such as antihyperlipidemic, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer and antihypertensive activities. This mini review outlines diverse biological properties of phenoxy acids and their derivatives. 
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTI-OXIDATIVE AND ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIAL OF IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ROOT AND LEAF EXTRACTS OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Jena Somanatha , Jena Ram C. , Bhol Rasmita , Agarwal Khusbu , Sarangi Ansuman , Sahu Pramod K. , Mishra Swarna L.
Published: October 2016

Objective: The present investigation explores the possibilities of using the in vitro and in vivo root and leaf extracts of Withania somnifera for anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidaemic effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: In vitro shoot cultures of Withania somnifera were raised by the axillary proliferation in nodal explants from a garden grown plant using Murashige and Skoog medium then in vitro raised roots and shoots were used for the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic experiment. After 72 h of STZ administration, the fasting blood glucose levels were measured and the rats showing FBG level>220 mg/dl were considered to be diabetic and were used for the hyperglycemic study. In vitro and in vivo methanolic root and leaf extracts were orally administered daily to diabetic rats for eight weeks. After the treatment period, blood glucose and serum enzymes like aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c high density lipoprotein-bound cholesterol, LDL-c low density lipoprotein-bound cholesterol, LDH, serum protein level, total phenolics and anti-oxidative analysis (DPPH and FRAP) were determined.

Results: The levels of blood glucose, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, HDL-c significantly increased by the use of in vitro methanolic root extracts compared to normal control rats. However, remarkable loss of total protein, albumin, albumin: globulin (A: G) ratio was reported in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by using in vitro root extracts. Methanolic in vitro root extract at the dose levels of 300 mg/kg body weight produced a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) level by 102.65 with respect to initial fasting blood glucose level after 30 d of the treatment. In vitro root extract demonstrated highest DPPH and FRAP free radical scavenging activity, i.e. 86.55±1.77 and 48.87±2.55 than other extracts.

Conclusion: It may be concluded that methanolic in vitro root extract W. somnifera at the dose (300 mg/kg) has more potent anti-hyperglycaemic activity than the other in vitro and in vivo extracts of leaf and root on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and was also found to be similar in effect to that of the standard drug ‘Glibenclamide’.
The Impact of Tourism Revenues on Smoothing the Domestic Output Shocks
Authors: Balli Faruk , Balli Hatice O. , Louis Rosmy Jean
Published: October 2016

This article is primarily an empirical work anchored in the well-known theoretical underpinning that consumers maximize utility by choosing the optimal levels of consumption and leisure activities. We improve on the existing literature in differentiating between domestic and foreign
leisure activities to determine to what extent domestic consumption of countries in recession is financed by tourism revenues coming from foreign countries experiencing economic growth. In fact, we provide the first empirical evidence that international tourism receipts serve as an important
shock absorber to domestic output shocks above and beyond the well-known risk- sharing channels of saving, capital/credit markets, international aid, fiscal transfers, and remittance inflows documented in the literature. We quantify the extent of risk sharing and provide both cross-section
and panel data estimates of its likely determinants. The results show that countries that attract tourists from a wider pool of nationalities benefit the most.
Inbound, Expat, and Domestic Climbers: A Segment-Based Expenditure Analysis of Mount Fuji's Summer Season
Authors: Jones Thomas E. , Yang Yang , Yamamoto Kiyotatsu
Published: October 2016

The numbers of postmillennium international tourists to Japan have increased exponentially, and behavioral differences compared to domestic visitors pose challenges for management. Despite this practical need, few studies have focused on expenditure comparison of existing and emerging
visitor segments. This analysis of Mount Fuji's 2008 summer season investigates consumer behavior of inbound tourists, expatriates, and domestic segments via an intercept survey of 927 descending climbers. Findings show that domestic climbers, who preferred package tour or car access, had
the highest total expenditure (¥17,190), followed by expats (¥13,500), predominantly young males that made fewer mountain hut stays. Inbound climbers spent the least (¥9,818), tending to use public transport to access Fuji as one destination on a broader vacation itinerary. Following
Fuji's UNESCO World Heritage listing and the subsequent introduction of a ¥1,000 (US$10) donation for climbers in 2013, this article provides retrospective, microlevel insights into consumer behavior among Fuji's diversifying segments.
MAGNETICALLY SELF-REGULATED FORMATION OF EARLY PROTOPLANETARY DISKS
Authors: Hennebelle Patrick , Commerçon Benoît , Chabrier Gilles , Marchand Pierre
Published: October 2016

The formation of protoplanetary disks during the collapse of molecular dense cores is significantly influenced by angular momentum transport, notably by the magnetic torque. In turn, the evolution of the magnetic field is determined by dynamical processes and non-ideal MHD effects such as ambipolar diffusion. Considering simple relations between various timescales characteristic of the magnetized collapse, we derive an expression for the early disk radius,

where M is the total disk plus protostar mass,

is the ambipolar diffusion coefficient, and B

z
is the magnetic field in the inner part of the core. This is significantly smaller than the disks that would form if angular momentum was conserved. The analytical predictions are confronted against a large sample of 3D, non-ideal MHD collapse calculations covering variations of a factor 100 in core mass, a factor 10 in the level of turbulence, a factor 5 in rotation, and magnetic mass-to-flux over critical mass-to-flux ratios 2 and 5. The disk radius estimates are found to agree with the numerical simulations within less than a factor 2. A striking prediction of our analysis is the weak dependence of circumstellar disk radii upon the various relevant quantities, suggesting weak variations among class-0 disk sizes. In some cases, we note the onset of large spiral arms beyond this radius.
Effect of Pseudocereal-Based Breakfast Meals on the First and Second Meal Glucose Tolerance in Healthy and Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Gabrial Shreef G.N. , Shakib Marie-Christine R. , Gabrial Gamal N.
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND: Many studies have indicated that the incidence of serious diabetic complications may be reduced through strict glycemic control. A low glycemic index diet is one tool to improve insulin resistance and improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).AIM: The objective was to study the effect of pseudocereals-based breakfasts (quinoa and buckwheat) on glucose variations at first meal (breakfast) and second meal (standardised lunch) in healthy and diabetic subjects.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twelve healthy subjects and 12 patients with Type 2 DM (not- insulin dependent) were recruited in the study. Subjects were provided with quinoa and buckwheat breakfast meals. A standardised lunch was provided 4 h after breakfast. Postprandial blood glucose response after breakfast and the second meal effect was measured in healthy and diabetic subjects. Incremental area under the curve (IAUC) values for glucose was measured in response to the breakfast and lunch. The glycemic index of the 2 pseudocereals-based test breakfasts was determined. A white wheat bread (WWB) was served as a reference breakfast meal.RESULTS: In post-breakfast analyses, healthy subjects showed that buckwheat meal had significantly lower IAUC values for blood glucose compared to WWB reference meal (P < 0.001) while quinoa meal showed no significance. In diabetic subjects, buckwheat and quinoa meals had significantly lower IAUC values for blood glucose compared to WWB reference meal (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 respectively). Blood glucose concentrations started to decline gradually for the quinoa and buckwheat but not for WWB in all healthy and diabetic subjects and returned to near-fasting baseline levels by 210 min. Post-lunch analyses indicated higher IAUC for the two breakfast types in healthy and diabetic subjects. In addition, the quinoa and buckwheat breakfast meals were followed by a significantly flatter blood glucose response to the second meal for the period between 270 and 330 min. At the end of the second meal period, values were below or near-fasting baseline levels in the breakfast period. The blood glucose concentration after consuming quinoa meal showed a high peak at 30 min similar to that of WWB reference meal. This peak resulted in a high glycemic index (GI) for quinoa (89.4). The GI of buckwheat recorded a low value (26.8).CONCLUSION: The two studied pseudocereals; quinoa and buckwheat have high potential to improve glucose tolerance at the first and second meal (lunch) and are recommended to be introduced in our daily diet for healthy and diabetic subjects.
La combinatoire straight . Race, classe, sexe et économie politique : analyses matérialistes et décoloniales
Authors: Falquet Jules
Published: October 2016

L’article retrace d’abord les apports des féministes matérialistes francophones — principalement Guillaumin, Wittig, Tabet et Mathieu. Celles-ci ont transformé la notion de ‘travail’, en théorisant l’appropriation des corps comme ‘machines-à-force-de-travail’. Elles ont montré que la sexualité pouvait être appréhendée comme un travail, dans la continuité des rapports sociaux de sexe existants, et profondément dénaturalisé la maternité. L’auteure propose ensuite le concept de ‘combinatoire straight ’. Régissant à la fois l’alliance et la filiation, et organisant les dynamiques simultanées et historiques des rapports sociaux de sexe, race et classe, la combinatoire straight constitue un nouvel outil pour analyser la reproduction sociale et pour penser le développement historique du capitalisme, mais aussi l’actualité néolibérale, dans une perspective qui rejoint une partie du féminisme décolonial latino-américain et des Caraïbes.
De la centralité politique du travail : les apports du féminisme matérialiste
Authors: Cukier Alexis
Published: October 2016

L’article examine les apports du féminisme matérialiste pour penser la centralité politique du travail, et plus particulièrement la fonction du travail dans un projet de démocratisation de l’ensemble des rapports sociaux. Il analyse d’abord la manière dont le féminisme matérialiste transforme la compréhension et l’extension du concept de travail, puis la question du rapport spécifique de la classe des femmes au travail, enfin le problème du rapport d’une politique féministe du travail à l’État. Il défend que le féminisme matérialiste permet d’opposer au néolibéralisme la perspective d’un ‘travail démocratique’, en insistant sur la nécessaire pars destruens d’un tel travail.
Les situations de crise à l’hôpital : défis ou opportunités d’émergence de l’apprenance ?
Authors: Duarte Anne-Paule
Published: October 2016

Cette étude qualitative a pour objectif d’explorer les opportunités d’apprenance inhérentes aux situations de crise à l’hôpital. L’enquête de terrain a été menée sous forme d’entretiens auprès de 31 professionnels de santé de divers établissements hospitaliers. Une cartographie des situations de crise recensées aux niveaux macro et micro de l’organisation a été élaborée à partir des récits. L’apprenance se manifeste sous forme d’apprentissages informels et met en évidence une organisation apprenante. Les professionnels de santé révèlent de véritables compétences intrapersonnelles et interpersonnelles. Une démarche autoréflexive avec un sentiment d’efficacité personnelle et une mutualisation des diverses trajectoires de vie, de formation et professionnelle émerge.
S’hybrider à son corps vivant : une transmutation par l’osmose émersive
Authors: Andrieu Bernard
Published: October 2016

Porter sur soi des quantificateurs de l’activité ( quantified self ) de son corps vivant n’est pas seulement une nouvelle forme de biopolitique par la gestion de ses données par la marche des corps, mais la découverte des limites du biofeedback par la démesure de l’activité de son vivant. Connaître ses rythmes, motricités, dépenses énergétiques, taux sanguins entretient l’illusion du bio-contrôle sur soi alors qu’elle instaure une nouvelle connaissance de son vivant par la conscience de son corps vécu. Plus que la médecine prédictive d’un agrandissement du corps, cette médecine réflexive oblige le sujet à penser son auto-santé en délimitant son hybridation in vivo , ce qui dépend de lui de ce qui lui échappe. Cette médecine réflexive, que nous avons appelée l’auto-santé, entretient l’illusion d’une correspondance et d’une exactitude de mesure entre ce que produit le vivant en nous et ce dont notre vécu en aurait conscience. Pour contourner cet écart, la quantification de soi par la wearable technologie instaure un bio-contrôle fictif. De ce fait la transmutation biologique s’effectue en nous sans que nous puissions intégralement en disposer à volonté, nous confrontant à l’involontaire, à l’accident ou au déroulement de la logique interne du vivant.
“Ink-Play”: Walter Benjamin’s Chinese Curios
Authors: Gilloch Graeme , Kang Jaeho
Published: October 2016

Dans cet article, nous explorons deux aspects interconnectés de la pensée de Walter Benjamin qui ont reçu une attention limitée : la figure du peintre chinois comme un exemple d’art traditionnel et la réflexion de Benjamin sur les tableaux chinois que l’on retrouve dans une chronique artistique à propos d’une exposition tenue à Paris en 1937. Lire de façon combinée ces réflexions sur les artistes chinois et l’art offre un point de vue particulier et intéressant sur des concepts familiers de la théorie benjaminienne comme l’image de pensée ( Denkbild ) et l’image dialectique. En effet, nous soutenons que la notion de ink-play peut contribuer à notre compréhension du concept de modernité.