bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human reference microbiome profiles of different body habitats in healthy individuals
Authors: Oh Sujin , Park Kyoung Un
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This study aimed to establish the human reference microbiome profiles in blood, saliva, and stool of healthy individuals, serving as reference values to identify microbiome alterations in human disease.

Methods

The study population consisted of a reference group of healthy adults and a second group consisting of adults with periodontal disease (PD). Blood, saliva, and stool samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. Reference intervals of alpha diversity indices were calculated. To reduce the effects of inherent limitations of microbiome data, the taxonomic profiles of the reference group were estimated as log-scaled fold change (logFC) in the abundance of microorganisms between two habitats within the subjects.

Results

For stool and saliva microbiomes, differences in the abundances of Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, and Verrucomicrobia distinguished healthy from PD subjects (95% confidence interval (CI) of logFC: [−0.18, 0.31], [−1.19, −0.34], and [−3.68, −2.90], respectively). Differences in the abundances of Cyanobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Tenericutes in stool and blood microbiome of healthy subjects fell within 95% CI of logFC [−0.38, 0.61], [−4.14, −3.01], and [1.66, 2.77], respectively. In saliva and blood, differences in the abundances of Epsilonbacteraeota, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria could be used as reference values (95% CI of logFC: [−3.67, −2.47], [−0.35, 0.49], [−4.59, −3.26], and [−1.20, 0.07], respectively).

Discussion

As the reference microbiome profiles could discern healthy subjects and individuals with PD, a relatively mild disease state, they can be applied as reference values representing the healthy status of the microbiome and for screening of disease states, preferably in preclinical stages.
Role of E-cadherin in epithelial barrier dysfunction: implications for bacterial infection, inflammation, and disease pathogenesis
Authors: Lialios Peter , Alimperti Stella
Published: February 2025

Epithelial barriers serve as critical defense lines against microbial infiltration and maintain tissue homeostasis. E-cadherin, an essential component of adherens junctions, has emerged as a pivotal molecule that secures epithelial homeostasis. Lately, its pleiotropic role beyond barrier function, including its involvement in immune responses, has become more evident. Herein, we delve into the intricate relationship between (dys)regulation of epithelial homeostasis and the versatile functionality of E-cadherin, describing complex mechanisms that underlie barrier integrity and disruption in disease pathogenesis such as bacterial infection and inflammation, among others. Clinical implications of E-cadherin perturbations in host pathophysiology are emphasized; downregulation, proteolytic phenomena, abnormal localization/signaling and aberrant immune reactions are linked with a broad spectrum of pathology beyond infectious diseases. Finally, potential therapeutic interventions that may harness E-cadherin to mitigate barrier-associated tissue damage are explored. Overall, this review highlights the crucial role of E-cadherin in systemic health, offering insights that could pave the way for strategies to reinforce/restore barrier integrity and treat related diseases.
From skyscrapers to sky savers: how New York City’s Local Law 97 advances climate resilience and public health
Authors: Chervonski Ethan , Guerrero Marisa A. , Rom William N.
Published: February 2025

Anthropogenic climate change, while once regarded primarily as an environmental concern, has evolved into a global health crisis. As a victim of escalating climate-related phenomena, New York City (NYC) has positioned itself at the forefront of climate resilience and public health action. Local Law 97 (LL97) is the latest in NYC’s long trajectory of climate action initiatives, setting progressively stringent caps on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from large buildings greater than 25,000 square feet. LL97 represents one of the most ambitious—and divisive—climate action policies in the United States and if successful, is poised to make NYC carbon neutral by 2050. At the same time, the potential public health benefits of LL97 are broad, including improved local air quality, decreased cost barriers to residential cooling, and if in principle applied to city buildings worldwide, reduced global GHG emissions capable of stabilizing global warming for posterity. Nevertheless, LL97’s reliance on a carbon-intensive electricity grid, creation of complex financial incentives, and divisive reception by political groups threaten its impact. The following paper reviews the public health consequences of building emissions through the lens of NYC’s built environment. It explores the role of LL97 and other relevant local and state legislation in mitigating the public health impacts of building emissions. Finally, the law’s limitations are critically assessed. By analyzing LL97’s potential successes and obstacles, this paper aims to provide actionable insights for other cities seeking to design effective climate action plans that balance sustainability, public health, and equity.
Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with severe abdominal aortic calcification: new evidence from the United States
Authors: Deng Hao , Sun Mengmeng , Zhao Zhentong , Fan Kun , Zhao Zizhang , Chi Yifan , Sheng Wei
Published: February 2025

Background

Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), an early indicator of abdominal aortic wall atherosclerosis, is a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and a predictive factor for vascular-associated morbidity and mortality. These outcomes are driven by inflammatory processes. Given the pivotal role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of aortic calcification, inflammation has attracted interest as a peripheral biomarker for early mortality prediction in patients with aortic calcification. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) measured in the peripheral blood typically reflects the body's inflammatory response by combining laboratory markers of innate and adaptive immunity. The NLR is associated with the prognosis of a range of diseases, including circulatory, infectious, psychiatric, and neoplastic conditions. However, the precise relationship between the NLR and vascular calcification remains unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the correlation between the NLR and AAC in a nationally representative sample from the US.

Methods

This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014. Multivariable logistic regression, stratified analysis with interaction, and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to examine the relationship between the NLR and AAC.

Results

This study enrolled 3,047 participants [1,469 men (48.2%) and 1,578 women (51.8%)]. After adjusting for all covariates in the multivariate logistic regression, an independent association was identified between augmented NLR and the incidence of severe AAC (SAAC). The risk of SAAC increased by 8% with every 1% increase in NLR. Compared with the lowest NLR group [quartile 1 (Q1), <1.64], the adjusted odds ratio values for NLR and SAAC in Q3 (>2.34) were 1.42 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.96, p = 0.037), respectively. The results of subgroup analyses revealed no significant interaction effects.

Conclusions

The NLR was positively correlated with SAAC prevalence among adults in the US. These findings have significant clinical relevance and may inform clinicians regarding the management of SAAC. However, further research is required to confirm this association.
Identification and persistence mechanism of very small glaciers and perennial snow patches in the northern Japanese Alps
Authors: Arie Kenshiro , Narama Chiyuki , Fukui Kotaro , Iida Hajime
Published: February 2025

In this study, we measure ice thickness and flow and reveal that Shakushizawa and Kaerazuzawa perennial snow patches (PSPs) in the northern Japanese Alps are glaciers instead. Due to their size, they are very small glaciers (VSGs). For the Shakushizawa VSG investigated by this study, we also calculate the long-term average annual surface mass balances to assess the persistence mechanisms of VSGs in this region. The mass balance calculation is done by substituting the ice thickness and surface flow velocity measured on the Shakushizawa VSG into the continuity equation under the assumption of the steady-state in the long-term average. The annual surface mass balance altitude profile in the long-term average of the Shakushizawa VSG has a positive gradient with the accumulation area upstream and the ablation area downstream. If the other VSGs in the northern Japanese Alps have the same characteristics, these have a localized accumulation area in the long-term average below the climatic ELA by topographic effects. These results suggest that glaciers in the northern Japanese Alps are maintained due to topographic effects, despite being located below the climatic equilibrium line altitude (ELA).
Mathematical methodology for defining a frequent attender within emergency departments
Authors: Williams Elizabeth , Brice Syaribah N. , Price Dave
Published: February 2025

Objective

Emergency department (ED) frequent attenders (FA) have been the subject of discussion in many countries. This group of patients have contributed to the high expenses of health services and strained capacity in the department. Studies related to ED FAs aim to describe the characteristics of patients such as demographic and socioeconomic factors. The analysis may explore the relationship between these factors and multiple patient visits. However, the definition used for classifying patients varies across studies. While most studies used frequency of attendance to define the FA, the derivation of the frequency is not clear.

Methods

We propose a mathematical methodology to define the time interval between ED returns for classifying FAs. K-means clustering and the Elbow method were used to identify suitable FA definitions. Recursive clustering on the smallest time interval cluster created a new, smaller cluster and formal FA definition.

Results

Applied to a case study dataset of approximately 336,000 ED attendances, this framework can consistently and effectively identify FAs across EDs. Based on our data, a FA is defined as a patient with three or more attendances within sequential 21-day periods.

Conclusion

This study introduces a standardized framework for defining ED FAs, providing a consistent and effective means of identification across different EDs. Furthermore, the methodology can be used to identify patients who are at risk of becoming a FA. This allows for the implementation of targeted interventions aimed at reducing the number of future attendances.
Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and macroalbuminuria: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018
Authors: Huang Dongli , He Yuan
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) is a crucial lipid marker associated with various cardiovascular diseases. However, its relationship with kidney injury, particularly albuminuria, remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the association between NHHR and macroalbuminuria in U.S. adults

Patients and methods

This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). NHHR was calculated as (Total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol)/HDL cholesterol. Macroalbuminuria was defined by an albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) >300 mg/g. Logistic regression, smoothed curve fitting, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analysis were employed to assess the relationship between NHHR and macroalbuminuria.

Results

A total of 41,225 participants were included in the analysis. Higher NHHR was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of macroalbuminuria (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.13–1.59, p=0.0007). Subgroup analysis revealed a stronger association in participants with BMI ≥30 kg/m2(OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.44–2.47, p<0.01). Sensitivity analysis revealed that the association remained robust even after excluding participants taking medications that affect lipid metabolism.

Conclusion

In U.S. adults, an increased likelihood of incident NHHR levels of macroalbuminuria is positively associated and is more pronounced in those with a BMI ≥30kg/m2.
RIPK1 in necroptosis and recent progress in related pharmaceutics
Authors: Yao Kunhou , Shi Zhihao , Zhao Fengya , Tan Cong , Zhang Yixin , Fan Hao , Wang Yingzhe , Li Xingwang , Kong Jun , Wang Qun , Li Dingxi
Published: February 2025

Necroptosis is a programmed form of cell death. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase l (RIPK1) is a crucial protein kinase that regulates the necroptosis pathway. Increased expression of death receptor family ligands such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) increases the susceptibility of cells to apoptosis and necroptosis. RIPK1, RIPK3, and mixed-lineage kinase-like domain (MLKL) proteins mediate necrosis. RIPK1-mediated necroptosis further promotes cell death and inflammation in the pathogenesis of liver injury, skin diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. The N-terminal kinase domain of RIPK1 is significant in the induction of cell death and can be used as a vital drug target for inhibitors. In this paper, we outline the pathways of necroptosis and the role RIPK1 plays in them and suggest that targeting RIPK1 in therapy may help to inhibit multiple cell death pathways.
MUFFNet: lightweight dynamic underwater image enhancement network based on multi-scale frequency
Authors: Kong Dechuan , Zhang Yandi , Zhao Xiaohu , Wang Yanqiang , Cai Lei
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The advancement of Underwater Human-Robot Interaction technology has significantly driven marine exploration, conservation, and resource utilization. However, challenges persist due to the limitations of underwater robots equipped with basic cameras, which struggle to handle complex underwater environments. This leads to blurry images, severely hindering the performance of automated systems.

Methods

We propose MUFFNet, an underwater image enhancement network leveraging multi-scale frequency analysis to address the challenge. The network introduces a frequency-domain-based convolutional attention mechanism to extract spatial information effectively. A Multi-Scale Enhancement Prior algorithm enhances high-frequency and low-frequency features while the Information Flow Interaction module mitigates information stratification and blockage. A Multi-Scale Joint Loss framework facilitates dynamic network optimization.

Results

Experimental results demonstrate that MUFFNet outperforms existing state-of-the-art models while consuming fewer computational resources and aligning enhanced images more closely with human visual perception.

Discussion

The enhanced images generated by MUFFNet exhibit better alignment with human visual perception, making it a promising solution for improving underwater robotic vision systems.
Acceptance of artificial intelligence clinical assistant decision support system to prevent and control venous thromboembolism among healthcare workers: an extend Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Model
Authors: Wang Jingxian , Zhou Yun , Tan Kai , Yu Zhigang , Li You
Published: February 2025

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important global health problem and the third most prevalent cardiovascular disorder. It has been proven that computerized tools were helpful in the prevention and control of VTE. However, studies that focused on the acceptance of computerized tools for VTE prevention among healthcare workers were limited.

Objective

This study aims to explore what factors are influencing healthcare workers’ acceptance of the Artificial Intelligence Clinical Assistant Decision Support System (AI-CDSS) for VTE prevention based on the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT).

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey among healthcare workers in three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shanxi, China. Statistically, the hypothesized model was evaluated by AMOS structural equation modeling.

Results

510 (72.86%) valid surveys were collected in total. The results showed that performance expectancy (β = 0.45, P < 0.001), effort expectancy (β = 0.21, P < 0.001), and top management support (β = 0.30, P < 0.001) positively influenced healthcare workers’ intention. Top management support was an antecedent of performance expectancy (β = 0.41 , P < 0.001), social influence (β = 0.57, P < 0.001), effort expectancy (β = 0.61, P < 0.001), and information quality (β = 0.59, P < 0.001). In addition, Social influence positively influenced performance expectancy (β = 0.52, P < 0.001), and information quality positively influenced system quality (β = 0.65, P < 0.001). Social influence did not influence nurses’ behavioral intention (β = 0.06, p = 0.376), but negatively influenced clinicians’ behavioral intention in the model (β = −0.19, P < 0.001). System quality positively influenced nurses’ behavioral intention; (β = 0.16, P < 0.001), and information quality positively influenced clinicians’ behavioral intention (β = 0.15, p = 0.025).

Conclusion

With this model explaining 76.3% variance of the behavioral intention variable, this study could be useful as a reference for hospital administrators to evaluate future developments and facilitate the implementation of AI-CDSS for VTE prevention.
Simulations of pH and thermal effects on SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein
Authors: Niu Ziyuan , Kementzidis Georgios , Rafailovich Miriam , Simon Marcia , Papadopoulos Evangelos , Aktas Bertal H. , Deng Yuefan
Published: February 2025

We performed triplicate and long-time all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structures and dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S-protein) for a broad range of pH = 1 through 11 and temperatures of 3°C through 75°C. This study elucidates the complex interplay between pH and thermal effects on S-protein structures, with implications for its behavior under diverse conditions, and identifies the RBD as a primary region of the structural deviations. We found: 1) Structural deviations in the S-protein backbone at pH = 1 are 210% greater than those at pH = 7 at 75°C, with most of the deviations appearing in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Smaller structural changes are observed at pH = 3 and 11. 2) The pH and thermal conditions impact on the protein structures: substantial acidic and basic conditions expand the protein’s solvent exposure, while high heat contracts. This effect is primarily pH-driven at extreme acidity and thermo-driven at moderate pH. 3) The Gibbs free energy landscape reveals that pH as the main driver of structural changes. 4) The parametrized methods enable the predictions of the S-protein properties at any reasonable pH and thermal conditions without explicit MD simulations.
Investigation of the association between circulating inflammatory proteins and encephalitis risk in Europeans by two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Liu Yanwei , Wang Xilong , Zhao Qiang , Wei Jun , Yang Shiqiang
Published: February 2025

Background

Cytokines are powerful immune response factors that operate at inflammation sites and are also found in the blood. Nevertheless, research on encephalitis and these circulating inflammatory proteins is quite limited.

Methods

This study investigated the potential causal effects of 91 circulating inflammatory proteins on three different types of encephalitis using a two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis. The data source for encephalitis was the latest Finngen_R12 dataset, released in 2024. The study investigated causal effects mainly using Steiger, MR-Egger, weighted median and inverse variance weighting (IVW) methods. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed, including heterogeneity assessment, horizontal pleiotropy and leave-one-out techniques.

Results

In this study, 91 circulating inflammatory proteins were subjected to MR analysis of causality with each of the three types of encephalitis. The results suggest that the inflammatory factors with a potential causal relationship with viral encephalitis are artemin, C-C motif chemokine 28, C-X-C motif chemokine 1, interleukin-10 and neurotrophin-3. Inflammatory factors potentially causally associated with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis are monocyte chemoattractant protein 2, interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta and matrix metalloproteinase-1. Inflammatory factors potentially causally associated with autoimmune encephalitis are C-C motif chemokine 28 levels and Macrophage inflammatory protein 1a levels.

Conclusion

This study identifies potential causal effects of certain circulating inflammatory factors on susceptibility to three types of encephalitis. Although the exact mechanisms by which inflammatory proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of different encephalitis subtypes remain unclear, our findings provide new perspectives on these potential causal relationships.
L-shaped association between dietary iron intake and HPV infection: a cross-sectional analysis based on national health and nutrition examination survey 2005–2016
Authors: Chen Xiaotong , Chen Haiwei , Chen Yuling , Tang Lixin , Liu Jiaqi , Ou Yu-Hua
Published: February 2025

Background

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a ubiquitous sexually transmitted infection globally, frequently associated with sexual behaviors characterized by increased frequency and multiple partnerships. The relationship between varying levels of dietary iron intake and the occurrence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection remains an unresolved question in the scientific community. The objective of our study was to investigate the potential relationship between the consumption of dietary iron and HPV infection.

Methods

Our investigation drew upon comprehensive datasets from 7,819 participants enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2016. Employing a cross-sectional analytical framework, we delved into the potential correlation between dietary iron consumption and Human Papillomavirus infection. To statistically assess this relationship, we utilized weighted multivariate logistic regression models. Additionally, we implemented smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis, to delineate the complex, nonlinear association between iron intake and HPV infection. Furthermore, we conducted subgroup analyses.

Results

After adjusting for multiple confounding variables, our results demonstrated a statistically significant inverse association between iron intake and HPV infection (OR = 0.988, 95% CI: 0.979–0.998, p = 0.018). It’s worth noting that, in comparison to individuals in the quartile with the lowest iron intake, those in the highest quartile exhibited a 23.2% reduction in the odds of HPV infection for each incremental unit of iron intake (OR = 0.768, 95% CI: 0.634 to 0.930, p = 0.009). A refined analysis employing smoothing curve fitting techniques unveiled an L-shaped correlation, delineating a specific relationship between dietary iron intake and the incidence rate of Human Papillomavirus infection. When iron intake was <16.99 mg, a higher incidence of HPV infection was associated with lower levels of iron intake. (OR = 0.968, 95% CI: 0.956–0.980, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The presence of an L-shaped association between iron intake and HPV infection underscores and emphasizes the possible beneficial effect of sufficient iron intake in reducing the likelihood of HPV infection.
Advances in sodium-glucose transporter protein 2 inhibitors and tumors
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Yang Wenyong
Published: February 2025

Tumor is a major challenge to global health and has received extensive attention worldwide due to its high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis. Although the clinical application of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has improved the status quo of tumor treatment, the development of new therapeutic tools for tumors is still necessary. Sodium-glucose transporter protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new type of glycemic control drugs, which are widely used in clinical practice because of their effects on weight reduction and protection of cardiac and renal functions. SGLT2 has been found to be overexpressed in many tumors and involved in tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis, suggesting that SGLT2i has a wide range of applications in tumor therapy. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the research progress of SGLT2i in different tumors by integrating the latest studies and to encourage further exploration of SGLT2i therapies in clinical trials. This could pave the way for more effective management strategies and improved outcomes for tumor patients.
ATP1B3 may promote glioma proliferation and migration through MAPK/NF-KB signaling pathway
Authors: Yan Qikang , Sun Quan , Feng Yan , Hu Qingyun , Zhu Jinling
Published: February 2025

Objective

To investigate the function of ATPase Na+/K+ Transporting Subunit Beta 3 (ATP1B3) in gliomas and the molecular mechanisms associated with them in order to identify a novel target and approach for glioma clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a public tumor database, and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) were used to evaluate the differential expression of ATP1B3 in glioma cells of various grades. Its connection to patient survival and prognosis; The siRNA interference approach instantly reduced the amount of ATP1B3 expression in the glioma cell lines U87MG and U251MG. The knockdown efficiency was assessed by Western Blotting (WB) and RT-qPCR. Following ATP1B3 knockdown, the ability of glioma cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade was identified using the Transwell assay and CCK-8. The proteins that might interact with ATP1B3 were filtered out using the TCGA database and literature analysis. The WB assay was used to determine the expression level of Protein Phosphatase 1 Catalytic Subunit Alpha (PPP1CA) following ATP1B3 deletion, immunoprecipitation was used to determine the direct influence of the two proteins, and immunofluorescence was used to analyze the distribution of ATP1B3 and PPP1CA proteins in glioma cells. Cyclin D1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA) expression alterations following ATP1B3 deletion were identified using the WB assay. Following ATP1B3 knockdown, the WB assay was used to determine the expression levels of p-Raf1, p-MEK 1/2, p-ERK 1/2, p-IκBα, and p-P65 in the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway.

Results

Database analysis revealed a negative correlation between the patients’ prognosis and the expression level of ATP1B3, and a positive correlation with the malignant degree of the glioma. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ATP1B3 were significantly decreased after knockout, and the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of cells in knockout group were significantly lower than those in control group, with statistical difference. The immunoprecipitation results were negative, and the knockdown group’s PPP1CA expression was lower than the control group’s. Following ATP1B3 knockdown, Cyclin D1 and VEGFA protein expression levels dropped, and the effects were statistically significant. There was a statistically significant drop in the expression levels of p-Raf1, p-MEK 1/2, p-ERK 1/2, p-IκBα, and p-P65 following ATP1B3 deletion.

Conclusion

In gliomas, ATP1B3 is highly expressed. Glioma cell motility, invasion, and proliferation all decline when ATP1B3 expression is lowered. The downstream protein PPP1CA is indirectly regulated by ATP1B3. By controlling the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, ATP1B3 may have a role in the invasion, migration, and proliferation of glioma cells. As a result, the ATP1B3 gene might be a biological target for treatment and a possible neurotumor diagnostic.
Comparing the efficacy of different methods in assessing cervical stromal invasion in endometrial carcinoma: a retrospective study of 2,020 patients
Authors: Yang Ying , Ye Zhijun , Zhao Yifei , Li Zhengyu
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the preoperative diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and endometrial biopsy for cervical stromal invasion (CSI) in endometrial carcinoma (EC) and to discuss the influencing factors of CSI.

Material and methods

A total of 2,020 patients with EC were retrospectively analyzed in a tertiary hospital. Basic patient information, clinical pathology, and laboratory indicators were collected and analyzed. Using the postoperative pathological diagnosis as the gold standard, the diagnostic efficacies of different preoperative methods were analyzed. Additionally, influencing factors of CSI were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

The sensitivity (Sens.), specificity (Spec.), accuracy (Acc.), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), Youden’s index, and Kappa value of the MRI vs. CT groups were 49.50% vs. 56.74%, 92.24% vs. 79.09%, 87.70% vs. 76.15%, 11.60 vs. 4.93, 0.42 vs. 0.36, and 0.392 vs. 0.256 (p < 0.001), respectively. The Sens., Spec., Acc., DOR, Youden’s index, and Kappa value of the endometrial biopsy group were 41.74%, 93.25%, 87.08%, 9.97, 0.35, and 0.363 (p < 0.001), respectively. CSI was associated with cancer antigen 125, myometrial invasion, adnexal invasion, parametrial invasion, lymph node metastasis, and progesterone receptor.

Conclusions

MRI is relatively superior in assessing CSI, although diagnostic authenticity and consistency were unsatisfactory. Combining MRI and biopsy could improve diagnostic sensitivity, aiding in clinical decision making and prognostic prediction. Comprehensive consideration of high-risk factors for the occurrence of CSI may aid the diagnosis. Preoperative diagnostic methods of CSI in EC still need to be explored further to improve efficiency.
Hexane extract from Lindera communis roots: wound healing properties and membrane-disruptive activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Wang Miaomiao , Hu Xian , Liu Liya , Zhong Yi , Li Wanlin , Zhang Qing , Xu Congli , Long Chunlin
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The extensively used Lindera communis Hemsl. (Lauraceae) in traditional Chinese medicine has been specifically employed for wound healing and treating skin diseases in cattle and horses, suggesting its potential antibacterial properties. To explore the antibacterial activities of L. communis plants, we investigated the chemicals, antibacterial activities and wound healing and of the n-hexane fraction of L. communis roots (LCH).

Methods

Our study included detecting phytochemical constituents, determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for different extract fractions, analyzing growth curves, assessing membrane integrity, monitoring potential changes in the membrane using scanning electron microscopy, and evaluating wound healing in rat excisional wounds.

Results

Based on our findings, humulene-type sesquiterpenes, guaiane-type sesquiterpenes, and lauric acid were identified from the LCH, responsible for antibacterial and wound healing activities. The results are that LCH affected the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 0.1 mg/mL) through morphological alterations and disrupting cell surface structures, causing membrane hyperpolarization and altering membrane integrity. This result was subsequently validated through SEM analysis and cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells (IC50 1.83 ± 0.21 mg/mL). LCH also has exhibited remarkable effectiveness in healing rat excisional wounds, reinforcing its traditional use as a wound-healing agent.

Discussion

The findings substantiate the scientific essence of traditional applications, while also exhibiting significant potential as a promising candidate for the development of innovative and readily accessible wound healing agents.
Cell-free DNA: a metabolic byproduct with diagnostic and prognostic potential in rheumatic disorders
Authors: Liu Fancheng , Su Yazhen , Liu Xinling , Zhao Li , Wu Zewen , Liu Yang , Zhang Liyun
Published: February 2025

The release of intracellular DNA into the extracellular area occurs via two pathways: cell death and active secretion by cells. The DNA, which is free in the extracellular space, is commonly known as Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA). In healthy people, the levels of cfDNA in the circulation are notably minimal. Within a healthy organism, cfDNA undergoes swift elimination and filtration upon release, ensuring a persistently low concentration in the bloodstream. Conversely, individuals suffering from diverse illnesses like stroke, trauma, myocardial infarction, and various cancers show markedly higher levels of cfDNA in their blood plasma or serum. Further research has shown that cfDNA is associated with a wide range of human diseases and may have a feedback relationship with inflammation, potentially serving as a non-invasive, accurate, sensitive, and rapid biomarker for clinical applications in disease differential diagnosis, activity monitoring, and prognosis assessment. Studies dating back to the 1970s have indicated elevated cfDNA concentrations in SLE. Currently, increased levels of cfDNA are noted in a range of rheumatic disorders. Inflammatory damage in patients with rheumatic diseases promotes the release of cfDNA, while potential abnormalities in cfDNA metabolism further increase its levels. Elevated concentrations of cfDNA are recognized by DNA receptors, initiating immune-inflammatory reactions which subsequently accelerate the progression of disease. Reducing excess cfDNA may help improve inflammation. Additionally, several trials have demonstrated a correlation between cfDNA concentrations and the activity of rheumatic diseases, indicating the potential of cfDNA, a novel marker for inflammation, in conjunction with C-creative protein (CRP), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) to monitor disease activity in rheumatic conditions. This paper provides an overview of cfDNA and summarizes current research advancements in cfDNA in rheumatic diseases, aiming to offer new perspectives for researchers.
The clinical characteristics and implications of acute kidney injury during induction therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Shen Kai , Yang Chenlu , Huang Jie , Shuai Xiao , Niu Ting , Ma Hongbing
Published: February 2025

Background

Dual induction with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) has made acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) a curable disease. However, differentiation syndrome (DS) can be a life-threatening complication of induction therapy. It is considered to result from a severe systemic inflammatory response mediated by increased expression of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules on differentiating blast cells. The kidney, as a vital organ rich in the capillary endothelium, could be targeted by differentiating blasts in DS. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a rare but severe consequence of DS secondary to ATRA and ATO induction and can result in renal failure and early mortality. Nevertheless, its clinical characteristics and impact on APL prognosis have yet to be elucidated.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of DS-related AKI in patients with APL and its impact on patient prognosis.

Methods

This was a retrospective study from a single center in a real-world setting. APL patients who developed AKI during ATRA- and ATO-based induction were included. The patients’ clinical/laboratory data and outcome information were retrieved from the electronic medical records.

Results

From January 2011 to March 2024, a total of 26 out of 572 (4.5%) APL patients were identified as having AKI during dual induction. Among them, eight patients received continuous renal replacement therapy, and 3/8 patients experienced early death (ED), which was defined as death within 3 months of diagnosis. Among the five non-ED patients, three did not recover from renal function and were still dialysis-dependent during the follow-up. The estimated 2-year overall survival rate for all patients was 42%, and the ED rate was 30.8%. Survival analysis revealed that a greater tumor burden, a rapidly increasing WBC count, worse coagulation parameters, and persistent renal dysfunction were associated with a more adverse prognosis.

Conclusion

AKI is a rare but severe complication of DS in the ATRA + ATO dual-induction era of APL. It is associated with a high ED rate and dismal long-term survival. Some patients develop irreversible renal dysfunction and become dialysis-dependent after leukemia remission. Thus, the management of AKI in APL patients is still a clinical challenge, and a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis, along with multidisciplinary efforts, is needed.
Extraction, GC-MS analysis, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential of Cannabis sativa female flower; in vitro, in vivo and in silico
Authors: Safir Waqas , Malik Arif , Saadia Haleema , Zahid Ayesha , Li Jinyao
Published: February 2025

This work examines the anticancer activity, the anti-inflammatory nature, and the cytotoxicity of the ethanol extract obtained from the female flowers of Cannabis sativa L using molecular methods in vitro, animal testing in vivo, as well as computational methods and simulations in silico. From the GC-MS analysis, the following bioactive compounds were found: cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and humulene. The antiproliferative activities of the extract were determined on HeLa cells by using MTT, Crystal Violet, and Trypan Blue assays with an IC50 value suggesting 51%-77.6% lethality. The bioinformatics analysis of molecular docking proved significant ligand-protein interactions of CBD, THC, and humulene with cancer-associated proteins such as PD-1/PD-L1, TNF-α, and MMP-9. In vivo, breast cancer was first established in female Sprague-Dawley rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) then treated with cannabinoids either singularly or in combination. Detailed treatment demonstrated that the use of the three cannabinoids simultaneously yielded the best anticancer and anti-inflammatory outcomes together with the best tumor reduction. The concentration of serum biomarkers of inflammation and tumor progression was substantially reduced in treated groups compared to the control group, which proves the synergistic effects of these cannabinoids in breast cancer therapy. This study emphasizes the importance of medical Cannabis sativa derivatives in cancer treatment.
Factors accounting for limited sexual reproduction in a long-lived unisexual plant species
Authors: Bisang Irene , Collart Flavien , Vanderpoorten Alain , Hedenäs Lars
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Plant dispersal directly depends on reproduction success, and hence, on sexual systems. In bryophytes, wherein fertilization involves a continuous film of water between male and female sexual organs, reproduction in unisexual species involves the sympatric distribution of male and female sex-expressing individuals. Here, we determine whether these conditions are controlled by the environment. In particular, we test the hypotheses that (i) sex-expressing males and females exhibit different ecological niches and (ii) environmental variation drives sex expression, sporophyte formation, and hence, dispersal capacities.

Methods

We scored 1,080 specimens of the unisexual moss Abietinella abietina across Sweden as non-sex expressing, expressing female or male, or sporophytic. We tested whether reproductive stages were related to latitude. Topography and climatic conditions at 1-km resolution were employed to measure niche overlap between (i) sex-expressing and non-expressing and (ii) male and female specimens. We finally modelled sex expression and sporophyte production depending on these topo-climatic predictors.

Results

Among the 63% of reproductive samples across the entire latitudinal gradient, females outnumbered males by a factor 5.6, and 8% of the female samples bore sporophytes. Although the distribution of the sexes was not explained by topo-climatic variables, the probability of sex-expressing samples being male increased with latitude. It resulted in a higher regional sex ratio in the North than in southern regions. Successful sexual reproduction, in terms of sporophyte occurrence, was confined to central Sweden. It was predicted by intermediate to increasing precipitation seasonality and intermediate temperature values.

Discussion

Despite a high level of sex-expression, and no significant differences of niche preference between males and females, sporophyte occurrences were rare. Our results suggest that sporophyte formation was determined by mate availability and macro-climatic conditions, the latter possibly affecting fertilization success. We further infer that environmental conditions at the pre-zygotic stage have lower than expected effects on the overall distribution of this moss. Modelling environmental data at higher resolution, smaller scale and expanding geographic coverage to include more sporophyte occurrences, and comparing genetic diversity in sporophytic with non-sporophytic populations, are future lines of this research.
Social media usage and cyberbullying: the moderating role of tie strength
Authors: Ni Jinru , Fu Hongyu , Zhu Yajing , Li Zewen , Wang Shuyi , Su Haoran
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Cyberbullying is a pervasive issue in the digital age, closely linked to social media usage. However, existing research has largely overlooked the role of tie strength on social media platforms in shaping cyberbullying dynamics. This study, grounded in tie strength theory and medium theory, investigates the association between social media usage and cyberbullying, focusing on how tie strength moderates this relationship.

Methods

A sample of 813 healthy adults (Mage = 20.06 ± 2.30 years, 498 females) completed an online survey, including the Chinese version of the Social Network Site Intensity Scale and the Cyberbullying Inventory for College Students (CICS).

Results

(1) Tie strength varies from platform to platform. The order of tie strength between users and the four platforms is as follows: WeChat > Bilibili > Weibo > Douyin. (2) Strong-tie social media platforms exhibited higher levels of users’social media engagement compared to those with weak ties. (3) Weak ties significantly moderated the relationship between social media usage and cyberbullying, whereas strong ties did not. Increased social media usage was associated with a higher likelihood of both engaging in and being a victim of cyberbullying on weak-tie platforms, while strong-tie platforms showed a lower likelihood of both engaging in or being a victim of cyberbullying with increased usage.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the interplay between tie strength theory and medium theory in explaining cyberbullying dynamics and underscore the need for platform-specific interventions to address this pervasive issue.
Lying flat to play on smartphone excessively: the role of self-esteem
Authors: Zhu Shuhua , Wang Lishen , Gan Yulu
Published: February 2025

Introduction

With the rapid development of their countries, Chinese young people today face intense stress. Some cope by striving for high-quality resources (involution), while others adopt a passive approach, lowering their desires (lying flat). This study explores the relationship between lying flat and problematic smartphone use (PSU), focusing on the role of self-esteem.

Methods

We conducted three studies (N = 886) using both cross-sectional (Study 1) and experimental (Study 2 and Study 3) designs to examine the correlational and causal links between lying flat, self-esteem, and PSU.

Results

The studies demonstrated a significant relationship between lying flat and PSU, with self-esteem serving as a mediator. Additionally, Study 3 showed a causal effect of self-esteem on smartphone use desire.

Discussion

These findings provide insight into why and how lying flat affects self-esteem and smartphone use behaviors and desires, highlighting the psychological mechanisms behind the trends observed in Chinese youth.
A cross-sectional study of the current status of psychological health and its correlation with academic performance in medical students: taking medical students in a medical university in China as examples
Authors: Chunhong Han , Jingjing Ding , Huan He , Peiyao Zheng , Xiaona Zhang , Xiaowen Yang , Aiming Zheng
Published: February 2025

Background

The psychological health problems are becoming increasingly prominent among medical students under the heavy academic stress and high-intensity clinical internships. This study examines the psychological health of medical students in a Chinese university and its impact on academic performance, aiming to inform targeted interventions.

Methods

2022 undergraduate and postgraduates from an independent medical university in Eastern China were selected to score using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation(BSSI); and the total grade point averages (GPAs) of 2022 undergraduates in the first and second academic years were determined to analyse the main psychological influencing factors.

Results

The general survey of 2022 new medical students at admission showed that the various scores of postgraduates were higher than those of undergraduates. After two semesters, the percentage of students scored higher in unhealthy psychology indicators was increased in both postgraduates and undergraduates, but the differences between two groups were decreased. Analysis of the first and second-year academic performances of 2022 undergraduates revealed that assessment scores of PHQ-9, PSS, ISI, and BSSI had a correlation with the total GPA. However, no correlation was found between the GAD-7 values and the GPA. The PHQ-9 scores and major categories were identified as independent factors influencing the average GPA.

Conclusion

The undergraduates face significant challenges in depression, anxiety, insomnia, and perceived stress, and these have negative effects on their academic performances; in particular, the depressive symptoms and perceived stress can significantly reduce their academic performances. In contrast, the psychological health statuses in the postgraduates tend to deteriorate as the semester progress.