bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and molecular genetic analysis of ten cases of ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency in southeastern China
Authors: Yuan Gaopin , Liu Zhiyong , Chen Zhixu , Zhang Xiaohong , Zhang Weifeng , Chen Dongmei
Published: September 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the clinical and molecular genetic characteristics of ten children with ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency (OTCD) in southeastern China, as well as the correlation between the genotype and phenotype of OTCD.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical manifestations, laboratory testing, and genetic test findings of ten children with OTCD admitted between August 2015 and October 2021 at Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital of Fujian Province in China.

Results

Five boys presented with early-onset symptoms, including poor appetite, drowsiness, groaning, seizures, and liver failure. In contrast, five patients (one boy and four girls) had late-onset gastrointestinal symptoms as the primary clinical manifestation, all presenting with hepatic impairment, and four with hepatic failure.Nine distinct variants of the OTC gene were identified, including two novel mutations: c.1033del(p.Y345Tfs*50) and c.167T > A(p.M56K). Of seven patients who died, five had early-onset disease despite active treatment. Three patients survived, and two of them underwent liver transplantation.

Conclusions

The clinical manifestations of OTCD lack specificity. However, elevated blood ammonia levels serve as a crucial diagnostic clue for OTCD. Genetic testing aids in more accurate diagnosis and prognosis assessment by clinicians. In addition, we identified two novel pathogenic variants and expand the mutational spectrum of the gene OTC, which may contribute to a better understanding of the clinical and genetic characteristics of OTCD patients.
Band configurations and seasonality influence the predictions of common boreal tree species using UAS image data
Authors: Kukkonen Mikko , Myllymäki Mari , Räty Janne , Varvia Petri , Maltamo Matti , Korhonen Lauri , Packalen Petteri
Published: September 2024

Key message

Data acquisition of remote sensing products is an essential component of modern forest inventories. The quality and properties of optical remote sensing data are further emphasised in tree species-specific inventories, where the discrimination of different tree species is based on differences in their spectral properties. Furthermore, phenology affects the spectral properties of both evergreen and deciduous trees through seasons. These confounding factors in both sensor configuration and timing of data acquisition can result in unexpectedly complicated situations if not taken into consideration. This paper examines how the timing of data acquisition and sensor properties influence the prediction of tree species proportions and volumes in a boreal forest area dominated by Norway spruce and Scots pine, with a smaller presence of deciduous trees.

Context

The effectiveness of remote sensing for vegetation mapping depends on the properties of the survey area, mapping objectives and sensor configuration.

Aims

The objective of this study was to investigate the plot-level relationship between seasonality and different optical band configurations and prediction performance of common boreal tree species. The study was conducted on a 40-ha study area with a systematically sampled circular field plots.

Methods

Tree species proportions (0–1) and volumes (m3 ha−1) were predicted with repeated remote sensing data collections in three stages of the growing season: prior (spring), during (summer) and end (autumn). Sensor band configurations included conventional RGB and multispectral (MS). The importance of different wavelengths (red, green, blue, near-infrared and red-edge) and predictive performance of the different band configurations were analysed using zero–one-inflated beta regression and Gaussian process regression.

Results

Prediction errors of broadleaves were most affected by band configuration, MS data resulting in lower prediction errors in all seasons. The MS data exhibited slightly lower prediction errors with summer data acquisition compared to other seasons, whereas this period was found to be less suitable for RGB data.

Conclusion

The MS data was found to be much less affected by seasonality than the RGB data. Spring was found to be the least optimal season to collect MS and RGB data for tree species-specific predictions.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with hematological malignancies: a one-year retrospective nationwide cohort study
Authors: Bris Pierre-Nicolas , Pauly Vanessa , Orleans Véronica , Forel Jean-Marie , Auquier Pascal , Papazian Laurent , Boyer Laurent , Hraiech Sami
Published: September 2024

Background

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurring in patients with hematological malignancies (HM) is a life-threatening condition with specific features. Mortality rate remains high but improvement has been described over the past several years. We aimed to describe characteristics and outcomes of ARDS in HM patients admitted in French ICUs (Intensive Care Units) during a one year-period. Data for this nationwide cohort study were collected from the French national hospital database (Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d’Information (PMSI)). All patients (18 years or older) admitted to French ICUs in 2017 and with a diagnosis of ARDS were included. Three groups were compared according to the presence of an HM, a solid cancer or no cancer. The primary endpoint was 90-day mortality. Secondary endpoints were the description of ICU management, etiologies of ARDS and mortality risk factors.

Results

A total of 12 846 patients with ARDS were included. Among them, 990 had HM and 2744 had a solid cancer. The main malignancies were non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (28.5%), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (20.4%) and multiple myeloma (19.7%). Day-90 mortality in patients with HM was higher than in patients with no cancer (64.4% vs. 46.6% p = 0.01) but was not different from that of patients with solid cancer (64.4% vs. 61.4%,p = 0.09). Intubation rate was lower in patients with HM in comparison with both groups (87.7% vs. 90.4% p = 0.02 for patients with solid cancer and 87.7% vs. 91.3%; p < 0.01 with no cancer). Independent predictors of mortality for patients with HM were a diagnosis of lymphoma or acute leukemia, age, a high modified SAPS II score, a renal replacement therapy, invasive fungal infection, and a septic shock. Bacterial pneumonia, extrapulmonary infections and non-invasive ventilation were protective.

Conclusion

Mortality remains high in patients with HM admitted in ICU with ARDS in comparison with patients without cancer. Mortality predictors for this population were a diagnosis of lymphoma or acute leukemia, age, a high modified SAPS II score, a renal replacement therapy, invasive fungal infection and a septic shock.
Study on the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and influencing factors of cultural heritage: a case study of Fujian Province
Authors: Fu Junjie , Mao Huasong
Published: September 2024

The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of cultural heritage reveal the trajectory of human activity changes, and a deep analysis of its natural and cultural factors holds significant reference value for the overall conservation and management of cultural heritages. This study focuses on the cultural heritage at the provincial level and above in Fujian, utilizing GIS spatial analysis to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of cultural heritages and their natural and human influencing factors. The research findings are as follows: (1) The distribution of cultural heritage in Fujian exhibits a clustering pattern, with dense areas transitioning from the upstream regions of the prehistoric and pre-Qin periods to the eastern coastal areas gradually. (2) The Ming and Qing dynasties have the highest number of cultural heritages, with the type of heritage transitioning from ancient sites in the early periods to ancient architecture, and in modern times, mainly important historical sites and representative architectural heritages. (3) The overall centroid coordinates of cultural heritage reveal a shift from the northern part of Fujian to the eastern and southern parts. (4) Natural factors significantly influence the distribution of cultural heritage, with a higher concentration in plain and hilly areas, on slight slopes with gradients between 0.5° and 2.0°, and on the southern and southeastern slopes, especially within a 1-kilometer radius of rivers. (5) The creation of cultural heritage during historical periods is closely linked to the regional history, culture, political, and economic environments. The positive development of these socio-cultural factors has a promotional effect on the quantity of cultural heritage. This study demonstrates the utility and applicability of GIS spatial analysis techniques in cultural heritage research, providing a methodological framework that can be adapted and applied internationally. The findings offer insightful data that can inform targeted conservation and development strategies for cultural heritage, ensuring their effective preservation and sustainable management across different regions.
Multiomics approaches to explore drought tolerance in cotton
Authors: Sharif Iram , Aleem Saba , Junaid Jamshaid Ali , Ali Zulfiqar , Aleem Muqadas , Shahzad Rahil , Farooq Jehanzeb , Khan Muhammad Imran , Arshad Waheed , Ellahi Farrukh
Published: September 2024

The situation of global warming imparts negative impacts on crop growth and development. Cotton is the most important fiber crop around the globe. However, frequent drought episodes pose serious threats to cotton production worldwide. Due to the complex genetic structure of drought tolerance, the development of a tolerant cultivar is cumbersome via conventional breeding. Multiple omics techniques have appeared as successful tool for cotton improvement in drought tolerance. Advanced omics-based biotechniques have paved the way for generation of omics data like transcriptomics, genomics, metabolomics and proteomics, which greatly expand the knowledge of cotton response to drought stress. Omics methodologies and have provided ways for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), gene regulatory networks, and other regulatory pathways against drought stress in cotton. These resources could speed up the discovery and incorporation of drought tolerant traits in the elite genotypes. The genome wide association study (GWAS), gene-editing system CRISPER/Cas9, gene silencing through RNAi are efficient tools to explore the molecular mechanism of drought tolerance and facilitate the identification of mechanisms and candidate genes for the improvement of drought tolerance in cotton.
Integrative taxonomy of Metarhizium anisopliae species complex, based on phylogenomics combined with morphometrics, metabolomics, and virulence data
Authors: Kobmoo Noppol , Mongkolsamrit Suchada , Khonsanit Artit , Cedeño-Sanchez Marjorie , Arnamnart Nuntanat , Noisripoom Wasana , Kwantong Papichaya , Sonthirod Chutima , Pootakham Wirulda , Amnuaykanjanasin Alongkorn , Charria-Girón Esteban , Stadler Marc , Luangsa-ard Janet Jennifer
Published: September 2024

Metarhizium anisopliae (Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales) is a globally distributed entomopathogenic fungus, which has been largely studied and used in agriculture for its potent entomopathogenicity. Since its taxonomic establishment as a member of Metarhizium, many closely related taxa have been described with highly similar morphology (cryptic species). A holotype specimen of M. anisopliae is not extant, and the ex-neotype strain (CBS 130.71) does not form a monophyletic clade with other strains, up to now, recognized as M. anisopliae sensu stricto. In this study, we have conducted an integrative taxonomic treatment of M. anisopliae sensu lato by including the ex-neotype strain of M. anisopliae, other unknown strains from our collections identified as M. anisopliae s. lat., as well as other known species that have been previously delimited as closely related but distinct to M. anisopliae. By including whole-genome sequencing, morphometric analysis, LC–MS based metabolomics, and virulence assays, we have demonstrated that M. anisopliae s. str. should also include M. lepidiotae (synonym), and that M. anisopliae s. str. differentiates from the other species of the complex by its metabolome and less severe entomopathogenicity. New taxa, namely M. hybridum, M. neoanisopliae and M. parapingshaense spp. nov., are proposed. The novel taxa proposed here have strong phylogenomics support, corroborated by fine-scale differences in the length/width of conidia/phialides, while the metabolomics and virulence data still largely overlap. We have also demonstrated via population genomics data the existence of local clonal lineages, particularly the one corresponding to the persistence of a biocontrol candidate strain that has been used in the field application for three years. This study showcases the utility of combining various data sources for accurate delimitation of species within an important group of fungal biocontrol agents against pest insects.
Utility of computed tomography in assessing caustic ingestion damage to the esogastric tract
Authors: Retal Hamza , El Graini Soumya , Naggar Amine , Yassine Kassab Alia , El Bakkari Asaad , Jroundi Laila , Laamrani Fatima Zahrae
Published: September 2024

Background

Ingestion of corrosive substances represents a frequent and consequential medical scenario, significantly impacting both vital and functional prognoses through the emergence of acute complications or stenosis, which pose considerable therapeutic challenges. Currently, endoscopy remains the cornerstone modality for diagnostic assessment and management. Nevertheless, recent research highlights computed tomography (CT) as a promising alternative, avoiding the risks associated with endoscopy and reducing the unnecessary surgical interventions based on its findings.

Methods

Our retrospective study, spanning three years, encompassed 28 patients who had ingested corrosive substances. Among them, 24 underwent both CT scanning and endoscopic evaluation using CT and endoscopic scores.

Results

Employing Standardized CT scoring criteria alongside the Zargar’s endoscopic classification, our findings revealed significant concordance between the two modalities, particularly in discerning trans-parietal necrosis within the esophagus and stomach. Notably, radiographic evidence of digestive tract injury was found to be predictive of complications in over 80% of cases, demonstrating high sensitivity and negative predictive value. Furthermore, CT scores indicating moderate to severe injury were significantly associated with stenosis, with slightly inferior performance compared to endoscopy. Of particular note, a CT score indicative of severe injury was found to be a good predictor of mortality, further underscoring the prognostic value of CT in these cases.

Conclusion

While the utility of CT in this context is undeniable, its integration with endoscopic findings remains imperative. We advocate for a systematic approach incorporating CT scanning, with further prospective research warranted to explore the feasibility of CT as a standalone diagnostic tool, as suggested by some scholars.
Quality characteristics and HPLC detection of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in some herbal capsules indicated for male sexual disorders in Ghana
Authors: Akotey Anita Nana Abla Oscar , Amponsah Isaac Kingsley , Armah Francis Ackah , Turkson Bernard Kofi , Addotey John Nii , Osei Yaa Asantewaa , Adu Joseph , Dickson Rita Akosua
Published: September 2024

Background

Herbal medicines used for male sexual disorders are widespread across the globe and have been noted as likely candidates for adulteration. To assure access to safe and quality herbal products, this study aimed at sampling some herbal capsules indicated for male vitality for quality analytical checks.

Methods

Herbal capsules sampled from two regions were subjected to physicochemical assessment, using pharmacopeial and regulatory standards. Microbial quality analysis was also performed on the selected products. A validated HPLC method for simultaneous analysis of sildenafil citrate and tadalafil was used to detect and quantify the possible presence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the selected products.

Results

Out of a total of 57 herbal capsules, 19 were indicated for male sexual related illnesses of which only 8 fulfilled the inclusion criteria of being used exclusively for male vitality. The majority (62.5%) of the herbal products failed the weight uniformity test but all of them disintegrated within the acceptable limit of 30 min. The moisture and heavy metal contents were within limits of acceptability. Majority (87.5%) of the herbal products failed the test for the aerobic bacteria count; however, none of the isolated bacteria was pathogenic. Sildenafil citrate was detected in the majority (87.5%) of the herbal products in concentrations of 0.98–33.95 mg/g. Two products contained both sildenafil and tadalafil. High batch-to-batch variability was recorded in some physicochemical parameters and pharmaceutical adulterants.

Conclusion

High incidence of quality fails and adulteration of herbal capsules for sexual disorders observed means there is a real risk of unintended dosing with phosphodiesterase inhibitors. This represents a public health issue and necessitates tighter monitoring of production standards by the regulator.
Comparing the Diagnostic Yield of Germline Exome Versus Panel Sequencing in the Diverse Population of the Texas KidsCanSeq Pediatric Cancer Study
Authors: Desrosiers-Battu Lauren R. , Wang Tao , Reuther Jacquelyn , Miles George , Dai Hongzheng , Jo Eunji , Russell Heidi , Raesz-Martinez Robin , Recinos Alva , Gutierrez Stephanie , Thomas Amy , Berenson Emily , Corredor Jessica , Nugent Kimberly , Wyatt Castillo Rachel , Althaus Rebecca , Littlejohn Rebecca , Gessay Shawn , Tomlinson Gail , Gill Jonathan , Bernini Juan Carlos , Vallance Kelly , Griffin Timothy , Scollon Sarah , Lin Frank Y. , Eng Christine , Kulkarni Shashikant , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Roy Angshumoy , McGuire Amy L. , Parsons D. Williams , Plon Sharon E.
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE

To evaluate the relative diagnostic yield of clinical germline genomic tests in a diverse pediatric cancer population.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The KidsCanSeq study enrolled pediatric cancer patients across six sites in Texas. Germline analysis included both exome sequencing and a therapy-focused pediatric cancer gene panel. The results were categorized by participants demographics, the presence of pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants, and variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in cancer predisposition genes (CPGs). Pediatric actionable CPGs were defined as those with cancer surveillance recommendations during childhood.

RESULTS

Cancer P/LP variants were reported by at least one platform in 103 of 578 (17.8%) participants of which 76 were dominant cancer genes (13.1%) with no significant differences by self-described race or Hispanic ethnicity. However, the proportion of participants with VUS was greater in Asian and African American participants ( P = .0029). Diagnostic yield was 16.6% for exome versus 8.5% for panel ( P < .0001) with 42 participants with concordant germline results. Exome-only results included P/LP variants in 30 different CPGs in 54 participants, whereas panel-only results included seven participants with a copy number or structural P/LP variants in CPGs. There was no significant difference in diagnostic yield limited to pediatric actionable CPGs ( P = .6171).

CONCLUSION

Approximately 18% of a diverse pediatric cancer population had germline diagnostic findings with 50% of P/LP variants reported by only one platform because of CPGs not on the targeted panel and copy number variants (CNVs)/rearrangements not reported by exome. Although diagnostic yields were similar in this diverse population, increases in VUS results were observed in Asian and African American populations. Given the clinical significance of CNVs/rearrangements in this cohort, detection is critical to optimize germline analysis of pediatric cancer populations.
Changes in Family Structure and Increasing Care Gaps in the United States, 2015–2050
Authors: Wu Huijing , Margolis Rachel , Verdery Ashton , Patterson Sarah E.
Published: September 2024

Research on caregiving in the United States has not clearly identified the scope of the gap between care needed and care received and the changes implied by ongoing and anticipated shifts in family structure. This article examines the magnitude of contemporary gaps in care among older adults in the United States and how they are likely to evolve through 2050. We use data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2014) to estimate care gaps, operationalized as having difficulties with activities of daily living (ADLs) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) but not receiving care. We also estimate variation in care gaps by family structure. Then, we use data from demographic microsimulation to explore the implications of demographic and family changes for the evolution of care gaps. We establish that care gaps are common, with 13% and 5% of adults aged 50 or older reporting a care gap for ADLs and IADLs, respectively. Next, we find that adults with neither partners nor children have the highest care gap rates. Last, we project that the number of older adults with care gaps will increase by more than 30% between 2015 and 2050—twice the rate of population growth. These results provide a benchmark for understanding the scope of the potential problem and considering how care gaps can be filled.
The Distribution of Carceral Harm: County-Level Jail Incarceration and Mortality by Race, Sex, and Age
Authors: Luck Anneliese N.
Published: September 2024

Jail incarceration remains an overlooked yet crucial component of the U.S. carceral system. Although a growing literature has examined the mortality costs associated with residing in areas with high levels of incarceration, far less is known about how local jails shape this burden at the intersection of race, sex, and age. In this study, I examine the relationship between county-level jail incarceration and age-specific mortality for non-Hispanic Black and White men and women, uniquely leveraging race-specific jail rates to account for the unequal racial distribution of jail exposures. This study finds evidence of positive associations between mortality and jail incarceration: this association peaks in late adulthood (ages 50–64), when increases in jail rates are associated with roughly 3% increases in mortality across all race–sex groups. However, patterns vary at the intersection of race, sex, and age. In particular, I find more marked and consistent penalties among women than among men. Additionally, a distinctly divergent age pattern emerges among Black men, who face insignificant but negative associations at younger ages but steep penalties at older ages—significantly larger among those aged 65 or older relative to their White male and Black female counterparts. Evidence further suggests that the use of race-neutral incarceration measures in prior work may mask the degree of harm associated with carceral contexts, because the jail rate for the total population underestimates the association between jail rates and mortality across nearly all race–age–sex combinations. These findings highlight the need for future ecological research to differentiate between jail and prison incarceration, consider the demographic distribution of incarceration's harms, and incorporate racialized measures of exposure so that we may better capture the magnitude of harm associated with America's carceral state.
Anti-Gothic Gothic Animals in Mary Wollstonecraft's Maria (1798)
Authors: King Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Mary Wollstonecraft's Maria can be considered both gothic and anti-gothic, in that it both evokes and subverts gothic imagery in order to emphasize women's oppression. Throughout the novel, Wollstonecraft employs gothic iconography while simultaneously dismissing gothic sensationalism for its failure to capture women's real-world subjugation; thus, an “anti-gothic gothic” perspective characterizes her depiction of the dark realities of Enlightenment society. The animals that feature in Maria are likewise anti-gothic gothic animals. Important signifiers in gothic texts, animals are commonly used to contribute to atmospheres of tension and disquiet. Maria employs animals ironically, using moments of seemingly uncanny animal presence to expose how both humans and animals are oppressed by the power structures that govern their lives. Wollstonecraft paints a brutal picture of late eighteenth-century society, and animals are an integral part of that picture. The social world she recreates is one of deeply entrenched hierarchical violence that permeates all levels of society and radically affects the experiences of both women and animals.
Antagonistic roles of tau and MAP6 in regulating neuronal development
Authors: Sun Xiaohuan , Yu Wenqian , Baas Peter W. , Toyooka Kazuhito , Qiang Liang
Published: September 2024

Association of tau (encoded by Mapt) with microtubules causes them to be labile, whereas association of MAP6 with microtubules causes them to be stable. As axons differentiate and grow, tau and MAP6 segregate from one another on individual microtubules, resulting in the formation of stable and labile domains. The functional significance of the yin–yang relationship between tau and MAP6 remains speculative, with one idea being that such a relationship assists in balancing morphological stability with plasticity. Here, using primary rodent neuronal cultures, we show that tau depletion has opposite effects compared to MAP6 depletion on the rate of neuronal development, the efficiency of growth cone turning, and the number of neuronal processes and axonal branches. Opposite effects to those seen with tau depletion were also observed on the rate of neuronal migration, in an in vivo assay, when MAP6 was depleted. When tau and MAP6 were depleted together from neuronal cultures, the morphological phenotypes negated one another. Although tau and MAP6 are multifunctional proteins, our results suggest that the observed effects on neuronal development are likely due to their opposite roles in regulating microtubule stability.
Cidades inteligentes à brasileira
Authors: Cunha Maria Alexandra , Miranda Paulo Roberto de Mello , Przeybilovicz Erico
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: apresentar recomendações para os municípios desenvolverem ações de cidades inteligentes que levem em consideração o contexto brasileiro.
Estado da arte: pesquisas evidenciam que inúmeras ações voltadas à transformação digital dos municípios têm ocorrido nas últimas décadas. Porém, ainda existem diferenças regionais e locais, em relação à infraestrutura de tecnologia e à disponibilização de serviços on-line para os cidadãos.
Originalidade: o artigo apresenta seis recomendações para os gestores das cidades pensarem o uso de tecnologia a partir das necessidades locais:  definir os problemas e usar o plano de governo;  melhorar o acesso à internet no município; ampliar a cultura e a cidadania no mundo digital; cuidar da governança de tecnologia da informação;  implementar serviços públicos digitais e sistemas de suporte aos cadastros e à gestão municipal; e fomentar oportunidades econômicas locais com as iniciativas digitais.
Impactos: a combinação das recomendações elencadas pode ajudar gestores de municípios a alcançar ganhos com a transformação digital e caminhar rumo a uma cidade inteligente, melhorando a vida da população no município com o uso de tecnologia.
Eu, professor (x) de Ciências: reflexões para constituição e formação docente igualitária
Authors: Rodrigues Suelem Maquiné , Soares Leonardo Figueiredo , Leite Raquel Crosara Maia , Silva Maria Goretti de Vasconcelos
Published: September 2024

A formação do profissional docente é constituída por elementos que compõem a sua identidade, de modo que as práticas pedagógicas são permeadas por subjetividades que alcançam um espaço para além da reprodução de conceitos. No bojo das subjetividades, evidenciamos as questões de gênero na formação de professoras/es de Ciências e as potenciais contribuições dessa discussão. Neste estudo, são consideradas as desigualdades de gênero, enquanto elemento central na baixa representação da participação das mulheres nos espaços de poder, que revelam a forma como estas se apropriam, produzem e disseminam os saberes científicos, muitas vezes, relegadas a um espaço que não permite exercerem o seu protagonismo. Buscamos dialogar com autores do campo da Educação e da Educação em Ciências em busca de provocar reflexões que possam contribuir com a formação e a atuação docentes. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa com perspectiva crítica que enfocou a inserção da temática das desigualdades de gênero na formação de professores, considerando a natureza dinâmica da constituição docente.Palavras-chave: formação de professores; questões de gênero; educação científica.
Secondary range symmetric matrices
Authors: Shenoy Divya
Published: September 2024

The concept of secondary range symmetric matrices is introduced here. Some characterizations as well as the equivalent conditions for a range symmetric matrix to be secondary range symmetric matrix is given. The idea of range symmetric matrices, range symmetric matrices over Minkowski space and secondary range symmetric matrices are different, and is depicted with the help of suitable examples. Finally, a necessary and sufficient condition for a secondary range symmetric matrix to have a secondary generalized inverse has been obtained.
Current status of immunodeficient mouse models as substitutes to reduce cat and dog use in heartworm preclinical research
Authors: Dagley Jessica L , DiCosty Utami , Fricks Crystal , Mansour Abdelmoneim , McCall Scott , McCall John W , Taylor Mark J , Turner Joseph D
Published: September 2024

Chemoprophylactic prevention of veterinary heartworm disease in companion animals, caused by the vector-borne nematode parasite Dirofilaria immitis, is a multi-billion-dollar global market. Experimental use of cats and dogs in preclinical heartworm drug testing is increasing due to evolving drug-resistance to frontline macrocyclic lactones and renewed investment in alternative preventative drug research. We and others recently published data demonstrating proof-of-concept of utilising lymphopenic severe-combined immunodeficient (SCID) or Recombination Activating Gene (RAG)2 deficient mice with additional knockout of the IL-2/7 receptor gamma chain (γc) as alternative preventative drug screening research models of dirofilariasis. Here we summarise the current knowledge of candidate immunodeficient mouse models tested, including a comparison of susceptibility using different background strains of mice, different D. immitis isolates, following use of anti-inflammatory treatments to further suppress residual innate immunity, and efficacies achieved against different reference anthelmintics. We supplement this precis with new data on treatment response to the veterinary anthelmintic, oxfendazole, and initial evaluation of D. immitis susceptibility in CB.17 SCID and C57BL/6 RAG2-/-γc-/- mice. We conclude that in addition to NSG and NXG mice, RAG2-/-γc-/- mice on either a BALB/c or C57BL/6 background offer an alternative screening model option, widening access to academic and commercial laboratories wishing to pursue initial rapid in vivo drug screening whilst avoiding potentially unnecessary cat or dog testing.
Methodology used to develop the minimum common data elements for surveillance and Reporting of Musculoskeletal Injuries in the MILitary (ROMMIL) statement
Authors: Bullock Garrett S. , Fallowfield Joanne L. , de la Motte Sarah J. , Arden Nigel , Fisher Ben , Dooley Adam , Forrest Neil , Fraser John J. , Gourlay Alysia , Hando Ben R. , Harrison Katherine , Hayhurst Debra , Molloy Joseph M. , Newman Phillip M. , Robitaille Eric , Teyhen Deydre S. , Tiede Jeffrey M. , Williams Emma , Williams Sandra , Van Tiggelen Damien , Van Wyngaarden Joshua J. , Westrick Richard B. , Emery Carolyn A. , Collins Gary S. , Rhon Daniel I.
Published: September 2024

Background The objective was to summarize the methodology used to reach consensus for recommended minimum data elements that should be collected and reported when conducting injury surveillance research in military settings. This paper summarizes the methodology used to develop the international Minimum Data Elements for surveillance and Reporting of Musculoskeletal Injuries in the MILitary (ROMMIL) statement. Methods A Delphi methodology was employed to reach consensus for minimum reporting elements. Preliminary steps included conducting a literature review and surveying a convenience sample of military stakeholders to 1) identify barriers and facilitators of military musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) prevention programs, 2) identify relevant knowledge/information gaps and 3) establish future research priorities. The team then led a sequential three-round Delphi consensus survey, including relevant stakeholders from militaries around the world, and then conducted asynchronous mixed knowledge user meeting to explore level of agreement among subject matter experts. Knowledge users, including former and current military service members, civil servant practitioners, and global-wide subject matter experts having experience with policy, execution, or clinical investigation of MSKI mitigation programs, MSKI diagnoses, and MSKI risk factors in military settings. For each round, participants scored each question on a Likert scale of 1-5. Scores ranged from No Importance (1) to Strong Importance (5). Results Literature review and surveys helped informed the scope of potential variables to vote on. Three rounds were necessary to reach minimum consensus. Ninety-five, 65 and 42 respondents participated in the first, second and third rounds of the Delphi consensus, respectively. Ultimately, consensus recommendations emerged consisting of one data principle and 33 minimum data elements. Conclusions Achieving consensus across relevant stakeholders representing military organizations globally can be challenging. This paper details the methodology employed to reach consensus for a core minimum data elements checklist for conducting MSKI research in military settings and improve data harmonization and scalability efforts. These methods can be used as a resource to assist in future consensus endeavors of similar nature.
The Importance of Interpersonal Skills For Project Manager: Systematic Literature Review
Authors:   Department of Information Systems, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Lathifah Ari , Fadhilah Jihan , Fitroh Fitroh
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Project management skills can significantly impact the outcomes of many business initiatives, particularly in project-oriented industries. While technical expertise is crucial, project managers also rely heavily on interpersonal skills to effectively lead teams and communicate with stakeholders. This study examines how project managers' interpersonal skills contribute to project success. Employing the Systematic Literature Review methodology, our focus was on identifying pertinent articles from Scopus. Our initial search using the 'Publish or Perish' software returned 42 articles. We then carefully evaluated each one, focusing on how well they contributed to our understanding of interpersonal skills in project management. This thorough review process allowed us to select the most relevant and insightful articles for our study. Keyword analysis revealed robust associations between ‘interpersonal skills’ and ‘project managers’, extending to key terms such as ‘project management’, ‘emotional intelligence’, ‘project success’, ‘leadership’, ‘information technology’, ‘construction’, ‘implementation’, ‘evaluation’, and ‘qualitative’. Building on these keyword relationships, our findings underscore the need for balanced skill development in practice and highlight opportunities for future research on measuring and developing interpersonal skills across diverse project contexts, emerging methodologies, and virtual team dynamics, aiming to bridge the gap between academic research and practical application in project management. Keywords: Interpersonal skill, project, project manager, project management, systematic literature review
Matching and Pricing in Ride Hailing: Wild Goose Chases and How to Solve Them
Authors: Castillo Juan Camilo , Knoepfle Dan , Weyl E. Glen
Published: September 2024

We show that ride-hailing markets are prone to a matching failure (“wild goose chases”) in which high demand sets off a harmful feedback cycle of few idle drivers, high pickup times, and low earnings, drastically reducing welfare. After characterizing these failures theoretically and showing empirical evidence of their relevance, we analyze how platforms can avoid them. Raising prices brings demand back under control. Platforms can thus set a uniform high price, or they can use high “surge” pricing during high demand times while keeping prices low at other times. Some adjustments to the matching algorithm can also avoid the problem, but surge pricing performs better than them.

This paper was accepted by Itai Ashlagi, revenue management and market analytics.

Funding: This research was supported by the Kapnick Foundation Fellowship through a grant to the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research and by the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation through a grant to the University of Pennsylvania Center for Technology, Innovation, & Competition and to the Warren Center for Network and Data Sciences’s Economics of Digital Services initiative.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00096 .
Langevin Dynamics Based Algorithm e-THεO POULA for Stochastic Optimization Problems with Discontinuous Stochastic Gradient
Authors: Lim Dong-Young , Neufeld Ariel , Sabanis Sotirios , Zhang Ying
Published: September 2024

We introduce a new Langevin dynamics based algorithm, called the extended tamed hybrid ε-order polygonal unadjusted Langevin algorithm (e-THεO POULA), to solve optimization problems with discontinuous stochastic gradients, which naturally appear in real-world applications such as quantile estimation, vector quantization, conditional value at risk (CVaR) minimization, and regularized optimization problems involving rectified linear unit (ReLU) neural networks. We demonstrate both theoretically and numerically the applicability of the e-THεO POULA algorithm. More precisely, under the conditions that the stochastic gradient is locally Lipschitz in average and satisfies a certain convexity at infinity condition, we establish nonasymptotic error bounds for e-THεO POULA in Wasserstein distances and provide a nonasymptotic estimate for the expected excess risk, which can be controlled to be arbitrarily small. Three key applications in finance and insurance are provided, namely, multiperiod portfolio optimization, transfer learning in multiperiod portfolio optimization, and insurance claim prediction, which involve neural networks with (Leaky)-ReLU activation functions. Numerical experiments conducted using real-world data sets illustrate the superior empirical performance of e-THεO POULA compared with SGLD (stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics), TUSLA (tamed unadjusted stochastic Langevin algorithm), adaptive moment estimation, and Adaptive Moment Estimation with a Strongly Non-Convex Decaying Learning Rate in terms of model accuracy.

Funding: Financial support was provided by the Alan Turing Institute, London, under the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [Grant EP/N510129/1]; the Ministry of Education of Singapore Academic Research Fund [Tier 2 Grant MOE-T2EP20222-0013]; the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme [Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 801215]; the University of Edinburgh’s Data-Driven Innovation Programme, part of the Edinburgh and South East Scotland City Region Deal; an Institute of Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation grant funded by the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT (MIST) [Grant 2020-0-01336]; the Artificial Intelligence Graduate School Program of the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology; a National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) [Grant RS-2023-00253002]; and the Guangzhou–Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) Joint Funding Program [Grant 2024A03J0630].
A Correlation Study among Family Function, Occurrence and Perceived Seriousness of Problem Behaviors for Female Middle School Students
Authors: Nam Kyoung A , Cho Chung Hyang-ln , Hyun Myung-Sun , Noh Choon Hee
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This present study was conducted to investigate the correlation among family function, perceived occurrence and seriousness of problem behaviors for female adolescents. Methods: The subjects were collected by convenient sampling comprised of 238 middle school girls. The instruments of the study were family strengths which was developed by Olson et al,(1982) originally to assess successful family relations and modified Korean Youth Self-Report (K-YSR) which measured internalized and externalized problem behaviors. Results: There was negative correlation between family strengths and perceived occurrence or seriousness of problem behaviors.Adolescents' sociodemographic characteristics influencing family strengths, perceived occurrence or seriousness of problem behaviors were as follows; school grade, family monthly income, a person whom consult with when adolescents have matters, and relationship with parents or siblings. Conclusion: This study revealed family-related variables affected perceived occurrence or seriousness of problem behaviors for female adolescents. Further studies and interventions directed to enhance healthy family environments for adolescents were suggested.
A Study on the Variables Forecasting Female Adolescents 1 Sexual Intercourse
Authors: Kwon Hye-Jin , Kim Kyung-Hee , Choi Mi-Hye , Kim Hee-Young
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study is affecting female adolescents* sexual intercourse through a comprehensive analysis on causal relations were sampling basic. The data model. Findings : 1) Individual factors such as school record and sexual permissiveness, 2) family factors such asdesigned to identify the variables of individual and environmental factors. Methods: The subjects of this descriptive survey 492 subjects enrolled in liberal and vocational high schools selected on a convenience collected from May-July 2002 were put to logistic regression analysis to build a forecastparental living arrangement, 3) school factors such as career tract and 4) peer factors such as having a boy/girl friend were identified as significant variables forecasting sexual intercourse. Conclusion and Recommendation: The theoretical model built on the basis of the major findings of this study will hopefully help promote the wholesome youth culture related to sexual intercourse. It is recommended that a program will be developed that can help control the variables identified in this study along with a follow-up study to verify the model.
Self Efficacy and Stress Coping Strategies of Nursing Students
Authors: Min So Young , Chaung Seung Kyo
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of self efficacy and stress coping strategies of nursing students. Methods: Data was collected by questionnaires from 180 nursing students. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Sheffe test, and pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS. Results: The mean score for self esteem was 58.43. They coped their stress with emotional pacification(3.00) most frequently and passive withdrawal 1.55) least frequently. The high self-efficacy group had higher positive interpretation(t=3.277, p=.001), active coping(t=7.055, p=000), emotional pacification(t=3.053, p=003) than lower self-efficacy group. There was significantly difference in self efficacy and stress coping strategies according to grade, religion and living state. Conclusion: This result suggested that self efficacy is significant factor on effective stress coping strategies of nursing students.
Egogram Profile Patterns of the Clients Participated in DUI Program
Authors: An Hyo Ja , Lee Hae Kyung
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study was conducted to be utilized into the basic data for the effective program to decrease DUI, by means of the examination of the egogram profile patterns of the attendance at the compulsory education for DUI. Methods: The subjects were 102 persons attending the compulsory education at the correction center located in ‘D’ city, Korea. The data were collected from July to Aug, 2004. The instrument was the egogram checklist Dusay developed, using Berne's theory of transactional analysis. Results: On the examination of the subjects' ego patterns, NP pattern got 1535士4.460 scores, and A pattern got 15.58^5.059 scores, while AC pattern got 11.91±4,049 scores on average, which was the lowest score among ego status. The characteristic of the egogram had the comparatively healthy adults 1 ego disposition and egotistic tendency. Conclusion: As the results of the study, the ego patterns of the attendance at the compulsory education for DUI are divided into the two types: a comparatively healthy ego and an egotistic one. Since these two patterns belong to rather extreme categories, the contents and ways of the education for them should be considered.
Discriminating Variables to the Change Stage of Smoking Behavior - Focused on Decisional Balance and Self-efficacy -
Authors: Hyun Myung Sun , Lee Young Ja
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify discriminating variables and the discriminating power of change stage of smoking behavior by decisional balance and self-efficacy. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey. The data were collected from December, 2003 to January, 2004. A total of 127 female high school students who ever smoked were included. The Decisional Balance Scale by Pallonen et al.(1998) and Temptation/ Self-efficacy by Plummer et al.(2001) were used. Results: Pros and cons of smoking behavior did not show significant difference by the stages of change. And negative affect and positive social among self-efficacy showed significant difference by stages of change. As a discriminant analysis, it was found positive social among self-efficacy was the most influential variable in discriminating the stages of change. Conclusion: Those discriminating variable that identified in the study can provide the framework in developing programs that focuses on the cessation of smoking in female adolescents.
The Effects of a Praise Activity Program on Self-Esteem and Social Behavior in Poverty-stricken Children
Authors: Kim In Hong
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The study examined the effects of a praise activity program on the self-esteem and social behavior in poverty-stricken children. Methods: A randomized controlled pre-post test design was used.The participants were 26 children who were poverty-stricken children attending a community mental health center and community welfare center in P city. Fourteen were assigned to the experimental group and twelve to the control group. The program consisted of 12 sessions for 60 minutes per session, 2 days a week, for 6 weeks. Instruments used for this study were self-esteem and social behavior. Results: The scores of total self-esteem, family self, social self, total social behavior, sociality and independency increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the potential and beneficial effect of a praise activity program in poverty-stricken children. The praise activity program could be adequately used to improve quality of life and to decrease problem behavior in poverty-stricken children.