bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide identification of SSR markers in the Brassica A genome and their utility in breeding
Authors: Hobson Neil , Rahman Habibur
Published: May 2016

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers can be applied to genotyping projects at low cost with inexpensive equipment. The objective of this study was to develop SSR markers from the publically-available genome sequence of Brassica rapa and provide the physical position of these markers on the chromosomes for use in breeding and research. To assess the utility of these new markers, a subset of 60 markers were used to genotype 43 accessions of B. rapa. Fifty-five markers from the 10 chromosome scaffolds produced a total of 730 amplicons, which were then used to perform a phylogenetic analysis of the accessions, illustrating their utility in distinguishing between a wide range of germplasm. In agreement with similar studies of genetic diversity, our markers separated accessions into distinct genetic pools including Chinese cabbage, Chinese winter oilseed, European winter oilseed, Canadian spring oilseed, pak-choi, turnip, and yellow sarson. The results further illustrate the presence of a high level of genetic diversity in B. rapa, and demonstrate the potential of these SSR markers for use in breeding and research.
Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) recovery in the inland waters of Washington: estimates of density and abundance from aerial surveys, 2013–2015
Authors: Jefferson Thomas A. , Smultea Mari A. , Courbis Sarah S. , Campbell Gregory S.
Published: May 2016

The harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena (L., 1758)) used to be common in Puget Sound, Washington, but virtually disappeared from these waters by the 1970s. We conducted systematic aerial line-transect surveys (17 237 km total effort) for harbor porpoises, with the goal of estimating density and abundance in the inland waters of Washington State. Surveys in Puget Sound occurred throughout the year from 2013 to 2015, and in the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the San Juan Islands (and some adjacent Canadian waters) in April 2015. We used a high-wing, twin-engine Partenavia airplane and four observers (one on each side of the plane, one looking through a belly port, and one recording data). A total of 1063 harbor porpoise groups were sighted. Density and abundance were estimated using conventional distance sampling methods. Analyses were limited to 447 harbor porpoise groups observed during 5708 km of effort during good sighting conditions suitable for line-transect analysis. Harbor porpoises occurred in all regions of the study area, with highest densities around the San Juan Islands and in northern Puget Sound. Overall, estimated abundance for the Washington Inland Waters stock was 11 233 porpoises (CV = 37%, 95% CI = 9 616 – 13 120). This project clearly demonstrated that harbor porpoises have reoccupied waters of Puget Sound and are present there in all seasons. However, the specific reasons for their initial decline and subsequent recovery remain uncertain.
The atoms of space, gravity and the cosmological constant
Authors: Padmanabhan T.
Published: May 2016

I describe an approach which connects classical gravity with the quantum microstructure of spacetime. The field equations arise from maximizing the density of states of matter plus geometry. The former is identified using the thermodynamics of null surfaces while the latter arises due to the existence of a zero-point length in the spacetime. The resulting field equations remain invariant when a constant is added to the matter Lagrangian, which is a symmetry of the matter sector. Therefore, the cosmological constant arises as an integration constant. A nonzero value [Formula: see text] of the cosmological constant renders the amount of cosmic information [Formula: see text] accessible to an eternal observer finite and hence is directly related to it. This relation allows us to determine the numerical value of [Formula: see text] from the quantum structure of spacetime.
ARSENIC ADSORPTION FROM WATER USING GRAPHENE-BASED MATERIALS AS ADSORBENTS: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: YANG XUETONG , XIA LING , SONG SHAOXIAN
Published: May 2016

Adsorption is widely applied to remove arsenic from water. This paper reviewed and compared the recent progresses on the arsenic removal by adsorption using two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphene-based materials as adsorbents. Functional graphene sheet achieved the largest As(III) adsorption capacity of 138.79[Formula: see text]mg/g, while Mg-Al LDH/GO2 showed the largest As(V) adsorption capacity of 183.11[Formula: see text]mg/g. Parameters including pH, temperature, co-existing ions and loaded metal or metal oxide affected the adsorption process. The adsorption mechanisms of graphene-based materials for As(III) and As(V) could be explained by surface complexation and the electrostatic attraction, respectively. Future works are suggested to focus on regenerating of two-dimensional graphene-based adsorbents and developing the three-dimensional with large specific surface area and better adsorption performance.
The interaction of dendritic cells and γδ T cells promotes the activation of γδ T cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis
Authors: Wang Beibei , Lin Wei , Song Jike , Xie Xiaofeng , Bi Hongsheng
Published: May 2016

Uveitis is a severe inflammatory disease that can cause visual impairment. Recently, activated [Formula: see text] T cells were proved to play a central role in the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). However, the mechanism underlying [Formula: see text] T-cell activation in EAU is incompletely known. In this study, we determined the percentage changes in and the phenotypes of [Formula: see text] T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) obtained from the spleens of immunized C57BL/6 (B6) mice, an animal model of EAU. We found that the number of [Formula: see text] T cells and DCs obviously increased during the inflammation phase of EAU (days 16–20 of our experiment), and that during this time, [Formula: see text] T cells expressed high levels of CD69 and the integrin lymphocyte function–associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and secreted high levels of interleukin (IL)-17A. Moreover, DCs obtained during this phase expressed high levels of CD80, CD83, CD86, and intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Furthermore, we studied the interaction between DCs and [Formula: see text] T cells by using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy in order to determine whether DCs affected [Formula: see text] T-cell activation in vitro. Co-cultures of the two types of cells showed that DCs induced high levels of CD69, LFA-1, and IL-17A in [Formula: see text] T cells. Imaging studies revealed contact between the DCs and [Formula: see text] T cells. This interaction was mediated by the accumulation of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 at the interface of DCs-[Formula: see text] T cells. Thus, the activation of [Formula: see text] T cells in EAU was promoted by DCs interacting with [Formula: see text] T cells.
Graphite-specific peptide mediated synthesis of Pt nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide for electrochemical detection of H2O2
Authors: Wang Li , Sun Yantao , Xue Xiangxin , Sun Yujing , Li Zhuang
Published: May 2016

We demonstrate here a facile and effective strategy to prepare reduced graphene oxide-platinum nanoparticle (RGO-PtNP) nanohybrids by the mediation of graphite-specific peptide (GSP). For the first time, we found that GSP can be used to modify RGO non-covalently in one way, and in another way promote the formation of PtNPs on RGO as a biomolecular bridge. The created RGO-PtNP nanohybrids show enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward H2O2 and can be utilized to fabricate non-enzymatic electrochemical H2O2 sensor.
A Web Service Negotiation Management and QoS Dependency Modeling Framework
Authors: Hashmi Khayyam , Malik Zaki , Najmi Erfan , Alhosban Amal , Medjahed Brahim
Published: May 2016

Information Management Systems that outsource part of the functionality to other (likely unknown) services need an effective way to communicate with these services, so that a mutually beneficial solution can be generated. This includes bargaining for their optimal customizations and the discovery of overlooked potential solutions. In this article, we present an automated negotiation framework for information systems (denoted as
WebNeg
) that can be used by both the parties for conducting negotiations.
WebNeg
uses a Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based approach for finding acceptable solutions in multiparty and multiobjective scenarios. The GA is enhanced using a new operator called
Norm
, which represents the cumulative knowledge of all the parties involved in the negotiation process.
Norm
incorporates the dependencies of different quality attributes of independently developed component services for the system composition. This enables
WebNeg
to find a better solution in the context of the current requirements. Experiment results indicate the applicability and improved performance of
WebNeg
(in comparison with existing similar works) in facilitating the negotiation management involved in a web service-based information composition process.
EXPERIENCE
Authors: Aiken Peter
Published: May 2016

In a manner similar to most organizations, BigCompany (BigCo) was determined to benefit strategically from its widely recognized and vast quantities of data. (U.S. government agencies make regular visits to BigCo to learn from its experiences in this area.) When faced with an explosion in data volume, increases in complexity, and a need to respond to changing conditions, BigCo struggled to respond using a traditional, information technology (IT) project-based approach to address these challenges. As BigCo was not data knowledgeable, it did not realize that traditional approaches could not work. Two full years into the initiative, BigCo was far from achieving its initial goals. How much more time, money, and effort would be required before results were achieved? Moreover, could the results be achieved in time to support a larger, critical, technology-driven challenge that also depended on solving the data challenges? While these questions remain unaddressed, these considerations increase our collective understanding of data assets as separate from IT projects. Only by reconceiving data as a strategic asset can organizations begin to address these new challenges. Transformation to a data-driven culture requires far more than technology, which remains just one of three required “stool legs” (people and process being the other two). Seven prerequisites to effectively leveraging data are necessary, but insufficient awareness exists in most organizations—hence, the widespread misfires in these areas, especially when attempting to implement the so-called big data initiatives. Refocusing on foundational data management practices is required for all organizations, regardless of their organizational or data strategies.
Explorations in statistics: statistical facets of reproducibility
Authors: Curran-Everett Douglas
Published: May 2016

Learning about statistics is a lot like learning about science: the learning is more meaningful if you can actively explore. This eleventh installment of Explorations in Statistics explores statistical facets of reproducibility. If we obtain an experimental result that is scientifically meaningful and statistically unusual, we would like to know that our result reflects a general biological phenomenon that another researcher could reproduce if (s)he repeated our experiment. But more often than not, we may learn this researcher cannot replicate our result. The National Institutes of Health and the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology have created training modules and outlined strategies to help improve the reproducibility of research. These particular approaches are necessary, but they are not sufficient. The principles of hypothesis testing and estimation are inherent to the notion of reproducibility in science. If we want to improve the reproducibility of our research, then we need to rethink how we apply fundamental concepts of statistics to our science.
An instructional design process based on expert knowledge for teaching students how mechanisms are explained
Authors: Trujillo Caleb M. , Anderson Trevor R. , Pelaez Nancy J.
Published: May 2016

In biology and physiology courses, students face many difficulties when learning to explain mechanisms, a topic that is demanding due to the immense complexity and abstract nature of molecular and cellular mechanisms. To overcome these difficulties, we asked the following question: how does an instructor transform their understanding of biological mechanisms and other difficult-to-learn topics so that students can comprehend them? To address this question, we first reviewed a model of the components used by biologists to explain molecular and cellular mechanisms: the MACH model, with the components of methods (M), analogies (A), context (C), and how (H). Next, instructional materials were developed and the teaching activities were piloted with a physical MACH model. Students who used the MACH model to guide their explanations of mechanisms exhibited both improvements and some new difficulties. Third, a series of design-based research cycles was applied to bring the activities with an improved physical MACH model into biology and biochemistry courses. Finally, a useful rubric was developed to address prevalent student difficulties. Here, we present, for physiology and biology instructors, the knowledge and resources for explaining molecular and cellular mechanisms in undergraduate courses with an instructional design process aimed at realizing pedagogical content knowledge for teaching. Our four-stage process could be adapted to advance instruction with a range of models in the life sciences.
Loss of bone marrow adrenergic beta 1 and 2 receptors modifies transcriptional networks, reduces circulating inflammatory factors, and regulates blood pressure
Authors: Ahmari Niousha , Schmidt Jordan T. , Krane Gregory A. , Malphurs Wendi , Cunningham Bruce E. , Owen Jennifer L. , Martyniuk Christopher J. , Zubcevic Jasenka
Published: May 2016

Hypertension (HTN) is a prevalent condition with complex etiology and pathophysiology. Evidence exists of significant communication between the nervous system and the immune system (IS), and there appears to be a direct role for inflammatory bone marrow (BM) cells in the pathophysiology of hypertension. However, the molecular and neural mechanisms underlying this interaction have not been characterized. Here, we transplanted whole BM cells from the beta 1 and 2 adrenergic receptor (AdrB1tm1BkkAdrB2tm1Bkk/J) knockout (KO) mice into near lethally irradiated C57BL/6J mice to generate a BM AdrB1.B2 KO chimera. This allowed us to evaluate the role of the BM beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors in mediating BM IS homeostasis and regulating blood pressure (BP) in an otherwise intact physiological setting. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting demonstrated that a decrease in systolic and mean BP in the AdrB1.B2 KO chimera is associated with a decrease in circulating inflammatory T cells, macrophage/monocytes, and neutrophils. Transcriptomics in the BM identified 7,419 differentially expressed transcripts between the C57 and AdrB1.B2 KO chimera. Pathway analysis revealed differentially expressed transcripts related to several cell processes in the BM of C57 compared with AdrB1.B2 KO chimera, including processes related to immunity (e.g., T-cell activation, T-cell recruitment, cytokine production, leukocyte migration and function), the cardiovascular system (e.g., blood vessel development, peripheral nerve blood flow), and the brain (e.g., central nervous system development, neurite development) among others. This study generates new insight into the molecular events that underlie the interaction between the sympathetic drive and IS in modulation of BP.
Ménière's Disease and Underlying Medical and Mental Conditions: Towards Factors Contributing to the Disease
Authors: Mohamed Shwan , Khan Imran , Iliodromiti Stamatina , Gaggini Margaret , Kontorinis Georgios
Published: May 2016

Purpose of the Study: To investigate the relation of Ménière's disease (MD) with medical comorbidity or mental conditions. Procedures: Demographic data, medical and mental comorbidities were retrospectively collected and compared from 3 groups of 30 patients each: a group with patients with definite MD, a second one with patients with vestibulopathies other than MD (non-Ménière's vertigo, NMV) and a third one with patients without any vestibular symptoms (control). The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: The prevalence of mental conditions was 26.7, 23.3 and 6.7% for the MD, the NMV and the control group, respectively. Medical comorbidity was found in 80% of patients in the MD, 63% in the NMV and 20% in the control group. Arthritis was encountered in 8 patients with MD, 3 with NMV and none from the control group. The differences in prevalence of mental disease, comorbidities and arthritis between the MD and the control group were statistically significant (p = 0.02, p < 0.001 and p = 0.008, respectively). Conclusion: Psychological conditions play an important role in patients with MD. The significantly increased prevalence of arthritis in the MD group suggests an inflammatory/autoimmune background as a contributing factor to the disease.
Successful Eradication of Hepatitis C Virus by Interferon-Free Regimens in Two Patients with Advanced Liver Fibrosis following Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Sasaki Reina , Kanda Tatsuo , Yasui Shin , Haga Yuki , Nakamura Masato , Yamato Mutsumi , Wu Shuang , Nakamoto Shingo , Arai Makoto , Mikami Shigeru , Miyauchi Hideaki , Matsubara Hisahiro , Yokosuka Osamu
Published: May 2016

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Following kidney transplantation, HCV increases the risk of graft loss and patient mortality compared with uninfected patients. The achievement of a sustained virological response with antiviral therapy improves survival and diminishes the risk of hepatic decompensation in HCV patients after a kidney transplant. It has been reported that direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are relatively safe and highly effective for the eradication of HCV in patients who are liver transplant recipients. In the present study, we investigated HCV eradication via interferon-free therapies with DAAs in two HCV patients with advanced liver fibrosis following renal transplantation. In both cases, the interferon-free regimens with DAAs were effective in eradicating HCV in the patients after kidney transplantation. No adverse events caused by interferon were identified with the exception of anemia. Interferon-free regimens with DAAs for recurrent HCV in patients following kidney transplantation are relatively safe and effective. However, attention should be focused on anemia during these treatments.
Gesture Performance in First- and Multiple-Episode Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Stegmayer Katharina , Moor Jeanne , Vanbellingen Tim , Bohlhalter Stephan , Müri René M. , Strik Werner , Walther Sebastian
Published: May 2016

Background/Aim: Gesturing plays an important role in social behavior and social learning. Deficits are frequent in schizophrenia and may contribute to impaired social functioning. Information about deficits during the course of the disease and presence of severity and patterns of impairment in first-episode patients is missing. Hence, we aimed to investigate gesturing in first- compared to multiple-episode schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Methods: In 14 first-episode patients, 14 multiple-episode patients and 16 healthy controls matched for age, gender and education, gesturing was assessed by the comprehensive Test of Upper Limb Apraxia. Performance in two domains of gesturing - imitation and pantomime - was recorded on video. Raters of gesture performance were blinded. Results: Patients with multiple episodes had severe gestural deficits. For almost all gesture categories, performance was worse in multiple- than in first-episode patients. First-episode patients demonstrated subtle deficits with a comparable pattern. Conclusions: Subjects with multiple psychotic episodes have severe deficits in gesturing, while only mild impairments were found in first-episode patients independent of age, gender, education and negative symptoms. The results indicate that gesturing is impaired at the onset of disease and likely to further deteriorate during its course.
Поліорганна дисфункція у хворих на гостру непрохідність тонкої кишки з синдромом ентеральної недостатності в стадії декомпенсації
Authors: Поляцко К. Г.
Published: May 2016

ПОЛІОРГАННА ДИСФУНКЦІЯ У ХВОРИХ НА ГОСТРУ НЕПРОХІДНІСТЬ ТОНКОЇ КИШКИ З СИНДРОМОМ ЕНТЕРАЛЬНОЇ НЕДОСТАТНОСТІ В СТАДІЇ ДЕКОМПЕНСАЦІЇ - Вивчено активність некротичних процесів слизової оболонки тонкої кишки за рівнем I-FABP, особливості розвитку поліорганної дисфункції за модифікованою шкалою G. R. Bernard у хворих на гостру непрохідність тонкої кишки з синдромом ентеральної недостатності в стадії декомпенсації при одномоментній декомпресії тонкої кишки та назоінтестинальній інтубації. Отримані результати дозволяють рекомендувати розширення показання до одномоментної декомпресії через ентеротомний доступ, особливо в осіб похилого та старечого віку.
ПОЛИОРГАННАЯ ДИСФУНКЦИЯ В БОЛЬНЫХ ОСТРОЙ НЕПРОХОДИМОСТЬЮ ТОНКОЙ КИШКИ С СИНДРОМОМ ЭНТЕРАЛЬНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ В СТАДИИ ДЕКОМПЕНСАЦИИ - Изучена активность некротических процессов слизистой оболочки тонкой кишки по уровню I-FABP, особенности развития полиорганной дисфункции по модифицированной шкале G. R. Bernard у больных острой непроходимостью тонкой кишки с синдромом энтеральной недостаточности в стадии декомпенсации при одномоментной декомпрессии тонкой кишки и назоинтестинальной интубации. Полученные результаты позволяют рекомендовать расширение показания к одномоментной декомпрессии через энтеротомный доступ, особенно у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста.
MULTIPLE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION WITH SYNDROME OF ENTERAL INSUFFICIENCY IN DECOMPENSATED STAGE - Studied the activity of necrotic processes of small intestinal mucosa by level I-FABP, especially the development of multiple organ dysfunction on a modified scale G. R. Bernard in patients with acute small bowel obstruction with syndrome of enteral insufficiency in decompensated at one stage decompression of the small intestine and nazointestynalniy intubation. The results allow us to recommend expanding the indications for decompression-stage through enterotomnyy access, especially in elderly and senile patients.
Ключові слова: непрохідність тонкої кишки, енте- ральна недостатність, вибір методу інтубації.
Ключевые слова: непроходимость тонкой кишки, энтеральная недостаточность, выбор метода интубации.
Key words: small bowel obstruction, enteral failure, choice of method intubation.
Особливості перебігу післяопераційного періоду в пацієнтів після лапароскопічних та ретроперитонеоскопічних операційних втручань при лікуванні об’ємних утворень у нирках, каменів проксимального відділу сечоводу
Authors: Підмурняк О. О
Published: May 2016

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕБІГУ ПІСЛЯОПЕРАЦІЙНОГО ПЕРІОДУ В ПАЦІЄНТІВ ПІСЛЯ ЛАПАРОСКОПІЧНИХТА РЕТРОПЕРИТОНЕОСКОПІЧНИХ ОПЕРАЦІЙНИХ ВТРУЧАНЬ ПРИ ЛІКУВАННІ ОБ’ЄМНИХ УТВОРЕНЬ У НИРКАХ, КАМЕНІВ ПРОКСИМАЛЬНОГО ВІДДІЛУ СЕЧОВОДА - За данимим літератури, переваги ендовідеохі- рургічних операційних втручань, порівняно з відкритими операціями, особливо помітні у зменшенні загальної хірургічної агресії операційних втручань. Для проведення аналізу перебігу післяопеаційного періоду в пацієнтів після ендовідеохірургіч- них та відкритих операційних втручань ми вивчали результати лікування у 326 пацієнтів. З них 232 пацієнти, яких прооперовано з використанням лапароскопічних та ретроперитонеоско- пічних методик, та 94 пацієнти прооперовано класичними відкритими операціями. Для порівняння вивчали зміни в загальному стані пацієнта, які оцінювали за бальною шкалою, інтенсивність та тривалість післяопераційного болю, показники ге- модинаміки в ранньому післяопераційному періоді та показники гемограми. Загальний стан пацієнтів за бальною шкалою перед операцією був однаковим в обох групах (основна та контрольна групи відповідно 1,03±0,02 та 1,02+0,01 (р>0,05). У 1-шу добу після операції його було оцінено у пацієнтів основної групи в (1,67+0,08) бала проти (2,47+0,10) (р<0,05) в контрольній, на 2-гу добу - відповідно (1,29+0,07) проти (2,01+0,06) (р<0,05). Загальна динаміка зміни цього показника засвідчує найбільшу тяжкість на 2-гу добу після втручання та його вирівнювання до 7 доби. Інтенсивність больового синдрому через добу після операції зростала до максимуму. Спостерігалася різниця між самопочуттям пацієнтів основної та контрольної груп - через добу після операції інтенсивність болю відповідно була (1,41+0,09) бала проти (2,85+0,06) бала (р<0,05). Аналіз показників гемодинаміки у післяопераційному періоді вказує на наявність корелятивних зв’язків середньої сили між частотою серцевих скорочень та загальним станом хворого (г=0,62, р<0,05), з розміром операційної рани (г=0,60, р<0,05), інтенсивністю больового синдрому (г=0,52, р<0,05), загальною крововтратою підчас операції (г=0,37, р<0,05). Зміни з боку артеріального тиску корелюють з тривалістю та травма- тичністю операції (г=0,56, р<0,05), а також з величиною крововтрати (г=0,38, р<0,05). Загальна тривалість перебування пацієнтів у стаціонарі в контрольній групі склала 12,9+0,46 (з коливаннями від 8 до 21 діб), разом з тим, як в основній групі вона була вірогідно коротшою і склала 8,4+0,32 (з коливаннями від 4 до 22 діб) (р<0,05), післяопераційний ліжко-день відповідно 10,7 та 6,8 дня. Таким чином, було відмічено скорочення ліжко-дня на 4,5 доби.
Структурні та морфометричні зміни печінки при експериментальній термічній травмі
Authors: Тупол Л. Д
Published: May 2016

СТРУКТУРНІ ТА МОРФОМЕТРИЧНІ ЗМІНИ ПЕЧІНКИ ПРИ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНІЙ ТЕРМІЧНІЙ ТРАВМІ - В експерименті на морських свинках проведено мікроскопічні та морфометричні дослідження печінки в динаміці. Після тяжкої термічної травми встановлено, що у стадії токсемії були характерні зміни судин та паренхіми органа, що носять пристосувально-компенсаторний характер. У пізні терміни після опіку (стадії пізньої токсемії та септикотоксеміі) виявлено значну деструкцію вен, судин тріад та гемокапілярів, вміст темних клітин у часточках зростає, в темних і світлих гепатоцитах значно змінюються ядерно-цитоплазматичні співвідношення, що свідчить про пригнічення процесів регенерації.
СТРУКТУРНЫЕ И МОРФОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ПЕЧЕНИ ПРИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ТРАВМЕ - В эксперименте на морских свинках проведены микроскопические и морфометрические исследования печени в динамике. После тяжелой термической травмы установили, что в стадии токсемии были характерные изменения сосудов и паренхимы органа и носят приспособительно-компенсаторный характер. В поздние сроки после ожога (стадии поздней токсемии и септикотоксемии) обнаружена значительная деструкция вен, сосудов триад и гемокапилляров, количество темных клеток в дольках растет, в темных и светлых гепатоцитах значительно меняются ядерно-цитоплазматические соотношения, что свидетельствует об угнетении процессов регенерации.
STRUCTURAL AND MORPHOMETRIC CHANGES OF LIVER IN EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL TRAUMA - Іп experiment on gvinea pigs with thermal ingury of skin was investigated the histological and morphometrical changes of liver. The obtained results showed in toxemia stage changes in blood vessels and parenchyma of the body that are adaptative-compensatory character. In later stages after the burn (stage late toxemia and septicotoxemia) found significant degradation veins, vascular triads and hemocahilares, namber of dark hepatocytes increases. In dark and light hepatocytes canges nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, which means inhibition of regeneration.
Ключові слова: печінка, гістологічні та морфометричні зміни, термічна травма.
Ключевые слова: печень, гистологические и морфометрические изменения, термическая травма.
Key words: liver, histological and morphometrical changes, thermal trauma.
РІВЕНЬ ЦЕРУЛОПЛАЗМІНУ В ДІТЕЙ ІЗ ГОСТРОЮ РЕВМАТИЧНОЮ ЛИХОМАНКОЮ ТА ХРОНІЧНОЮ РЕВМАТИЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ СЕРЦЯ
Authors: Боярчук О. Р.
Published: May 2016

Визначали рівень церулоплазміну в 155 дітей віком від 4 до 17 років: у 23 – з гострою ревматичною лихоманкою, в 78 – із хронічною ревматичною хворобою серця, у 54 дітей – з одужанням після перенесеної гострої ревматичної лихоманки. Спостерігали підвищення рівня церулоплазміну в сироватці крові у дітей із гострою ревматичною лихоманкою та хронічною ревматичною хворобою серця. Встановлені кореляційні залежності показали, що показник церулоплазміну можна використовувати в якості додаткового маркера активності запального процесу при даних захворюваннях у дітей.
ВИВЧЕННЯ ТОКСИЧНОСТІ НАТРІЮ ХЛОРИДУ НА ОРГАНІЗМ ПІДДОСЛІДНИХ ТВАРИН В УМОВАХ ГОСТРОГО САНІТАРНО-ТОКСИКОЛОГІЧНОГО ДОСЛІДУ
Authors: Флекей Н. В.
Published: May 2016

Вивчено токсичність натрію хлориду на організм піддослідних тварин в умовах гострого санітарно-токсикологічного досліду. Досліджено морфологічні зміни в печінці та нирках у білих щурів при вживанні питної води з різними концентраціями іонів натрію.
PRIMARY PULMONARY NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
Authors: Zhulkevich I. V. , Uglyar T. Yu. , Deresh N. V.
Published: May 2016

Pulmonary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a very rare tumor, which comprises only 0.5 % of all malignancies of lungs. Recommended treatment options include complete surgical excision, surgery followed by radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone but, the optimal therapy remains unclear. The article presents the results of treatment of the patient with primary pulmonary lymphoma, who achieved a partial response after four courses of R-CHOP chemotherapy.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ НЕВРОЛОГІЧНОГО ДЕФІЦИТУ У ХВОРИХ ІЗ НАСЛІДКАМИ ЧЕРЕПНО-МОЗКОВОЇ ТРАВМИ
Authors: Salіy Z. V.
Published: May 2016

У 242 хворих із наслідками черепно-мозкової (ЧМТ) проведено оцінку неврологічного статусу за шкалою NOS-TBI з урахуванням віку, тяжкості ЧМТ, перебігу захворювання, даних нейровізуалізації, ступеня вираження тривоги та депресії, а також когнітивного дефіциту. Встановлено особливості формування неврологічного дефіциту залежно від ступеня тяжкості ЧМТ та морфологічних змін головного мозку при нейровізуалізації. Вплив вікового фактора та характеру перебігу захворювання на вираження неврологічного дефіциту не був достовірним. У хворих зрілого віку, які перенесли ТЧМТ, діагностовано пряму кореляційну залежність між значеннями шкали NOS-TBI та рівнем депресії за шкалою HADS, а також зворотну залежність між неврологічним дефіцитом та значенням МоСА-тесту.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕБІГУ МЕТАБОЛІЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ У ПЕЧІНЦІ ПРИ ГОСТРОМУ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОМУ ПЕРИТОНІТІ ТА ЗАСТОСУВАННІ L-АРГІНІНУ ТА L-АРГІНІНУ-L-ГЛУТАМАТУ
Authors: Chernyashova V. V.
Published: May 2016

Метою роботи було з’ясувати стан печінки при гострому експериментальному перитоніті й корекції L-аргініном та L-аргініном-L-глутаматом. L-аргінін (“Sigma”, США, 25 мг/кг маси) та L-аргініну-L-глутамат (глутаргін, фармацевтична компанія “Здоров’я”, м. Харків, 45 мг/кг маси) вводили чотириразово внутрішньочеревно за 30 хв до і через 12, 24 та 36 год після відтворення перитоніту. Відмічено позитивний вплив L-аргініну та L-аргініну-L-глутамату на стан печінки при гострому перитоніті, що завдячує активації синтезу NO, мембраностабілізуючій та антиоксидантній діям, здатності препаратів стимулювати репаративні процеси в гепатоцитах.
ПОШИРЕНІСТЬ ГЕНЕРАЛІЗОВАНОГО ПАРОДОНТИТУ В ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ЦУКРОВИМ ДІАБЕТОМ 1 ТИПУ НА ФОНІ ДІАБЕТИЧНОЇ КАРДІОМІОПАТІЇ
Authors: Пупін Т. І. , Шкребнюк Р. Ю.
Published: May 2016

У статті проаналізовано поширеність генералізовного пародонтиту в пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом 1 типу на тлі діабетичної кардіоміопатії порівняно з даними у практично здорових осіб з аналогічними стоматологічними захворюваннями. Доведено, що зі зростанням віку розповсюдження ГП у пацієнтів основної групи збільшується більш виражено, ніж у практично здорових людей. разом з тим, у результаті проведених досліджень визначено значення поширеності запальнодеструктивних процесів у пародонті зі збільшенням тривалості соматичного захворювання.
МЕХАНІЗМИ ТА ЗАКОНОМІРНОСТІ ЗМІН СИСТЕМИ ІМУНІТЕТУ В ГЛУХИХ І ПРИГЛУХУВАТИХ ДІТЕЙ
Authors: Іфтода О. М. , Мамалига І. С. , Сидорчук Л. П.
Published: May 2016

 

З метою аналізу основних показників клітинного та гуморального імунітету, обстежено 102 дітей із нейросенсорною, чи кондуктивною глухотою/приглухуватістю (ГПГ). Встановлено, що у дітей із ГПГ знижений відносний вміст ТCD3+ -лімфоцитів на 46,29 % і 44,29 % за рахунок TCD4+ -лімфоцитів-хелперів на 49,58 % і 44,27 % (сильніше за  нейросенсорної  ГПГ)  та,  дещо  менше,  TCD8+ -лімфоцитів-супресорів – на 37,50 % і 43,65 %, нижча фагоцитарна активність нейтрофільних гранулоцитів на 14,06–45,76 % і компенсаторно вище фагоцитарне число (більше нейросенсорної ГПГ). Гуморальна імунна відповідь у дітей із кондуктивною ГПГ, причиною яких були переважно середні біауральні отити, характеризується компенсаторним зростанням загального пулу BCD20+ -лімфоцитів на тлі вагомого зниження їх секреторної активності.
ДИНАМІКА МУЛЬТИРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТІ ТА ЛЕТАЛЬНОСТІ ХВОРИХ НА ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗ ЛЕГЕНЬ
Authors: П’ятночка І. Т. , Корнага С. І. , Тхорик Н. В.
Published: May 2016

ДИНАМІКА МУЛЬТИРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТІ ТА ЛЕТАЛЬНОСТІ ХВОРИХ НА ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗ ЛЕГЕНЬ

Із загальної кількості хворих (6583), які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні, мультирезистентність спостерігали у 8,5 % осіб, зокрема з 2005 до 2014 року зросла з 4,2 до 17,4 % пацієнтів. летальність серед хворих на мультирезистентний туберкульоз констатовано у 17,3 %. Проаналізовано вади в роботі, зокрема фтизіатричної служби, запобігання яких сприятимуть поліпшенню епідемічної ситуації з туберкульозу в області.

 
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ТА НЕЙРОГОРМОНАЛЬНІ ВІДХИЛЕННЯ У ХВОРИХ ІЗ НЕВРОГЕННИМ СІАЛОАДЕНІТОМ ДО ТА ПІСЛЯ ПРОГРАМОВАНОЇ СЕНСОРНОЇ ДЕПРИВАЦІЇ
Authors: Криничко В. В.
Published: May 2016

Обстежено 47 хворих із неврогенним сіалоаденітом. Виявлено в цій групі порушення  у  ланці  симпатоадреналової  системи,  яке  після проведеного лікування практично нормалізувалося у більшості обстежених.  Поряд  з  цим  при  психологічному  обстеженні  (за даними тесту люшера) виявлено нестійкість саморегуляції ЦНC, зниження  самочуття,  активності,  настрою  за  даними  САН  та високі значення за шкалою нейротизму за даними опитувальника EPQ (Г. Айзенк), що свідчить про схильність у цих хворих до розвитку невротичних розладів.
Vascular Regeneration in Ischemic Hindlimb by Adeno‐Associated Virus Expressing Conditionally Silenced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Authors: Boden Jeffrey , Lassance‐Soares Roberta Marques , Wang Huilan , Wei Yuntao , Spiga Maria‐Grazia , Adi Jennipher , Layman Hans , Yu Hong , Vazquez‐Padron Roberto I. , Andreopoulos Fotios , Webster Keith A.
Published: May 2016

Background

Critical limb ischemia (
CLI
) is the extreme manifestation of peripheral artery disease, a major unmet clinical need for which lower limb amputation is the only option for many patients. After 2 decades in development, therapeutic angiogenesis has been tested clinically via intramuscular delivery of proangiogenic proteins, genes, and stem cells. Efficacy has been modest to absent, and the largest phase 3 trial of gene therapy for
CLI
reported a worsening trend of plasmid fibroblast growth factor. In all clinical trials to date, gene therapy has used unregulated vectors with limited duration of expression. Only unregulated extended expression vectors such as adeno‐associated virus (
AAV
) and lentivirus have been tested in preclinical models.

Methods and Results

We present preclinical results of ischemia (hypoxia)‐regulated conditionally silenced (
CS
)
AAV
–human vascular endothelial growth factor (
hVEGF
) gene delivery that shows efficacy and safety in a setting where other strategies fail. In a BALB/c mouse model of
CLI
, we show that gene therapy with
AAV
‐
CS
‐
hVEGF
, but not unregulated
AAV
or plasmid, vectors conferred limb salvage, protection from necrosis, and vascular regeneration when delivered via intramuscular or intra‐arterial routes. All vector treatments conferred increased capillary density, but organized longitudinal arteries were selectively generated by
AAV
‐
CS
‐
hVEGF
.
AAV
‐
CS
‐
hVEGF
therapy reversibly activated angiogenic and vasculogenic genes, including
Notch
,

SDF
1

,
Angiopoietin
, and
Ephrin‐B2
. Reoxygenation extinguished
VEGF
expression and inactivated the program with no apparent adverse side effects.

Conclusions

Restriction of angiogenic growth factor expression to regions of ischemia supports the safe and stable reperfusion of hindlimbs in a clinically relevant murine model of
CLI
.
The Technical Progress and Resilience in Productivity Growth of Korea's Growth-Leading Industries
Authors: Pai Mi Kyung
Published: May 2016

This study investigates the total factor productivity (TFP) growth of targeted industries, and seeks to verifiy upgrading in Korea's industrial structure by examining changes in its growth-leading industries from 1995 to 2012. In addition, it also examines the main source behind the resilience in the TFP growth of 37 key manufacturing industries after two global financial crises. The stochastic frontier production model is applied using a micro-level panel data set of the establishments for the 37 key manufacturing industries for the estimations. Empirical results show that a steadily high rate of technical progress was the driving force behind the resilience in the TFP growth of the 21 growth-leading industries after two global financial crises. The 21 growth-leading industries achieved nearly five times the TFP growth and four times the technological progress of the other 16 key industries. A change in the growth-leading industries in 2012 shows an upgrade in the industrial structure with more knowledge-based and high-technology-based industries than in 2000 and 2005. The study suggests further research on the role of institutions and industrial policies for industrial upgrading based on the findings of this study in order for Korea to enhance its industrial development for a more sustainable long-run economic growth.
Rethinking “Catholic Reform” and “Counter-Reformation”: What Happened in Early Modern Catholicism—a View from Italy
Authors: Firpo Massimo
Published: May 2016

There are now a number of ways to describe the phenomena which come under the umbrella of innovations in Roman Catholicism in the early modern period including “Counter Reformation”; “Catholic Reformation” and “Early Modern Catholicism.” After a brief survey of the various labels used by scholars over the last half century or more, this article seeks to rehabilitate the use of the label “Counter Reformation” in the light, particularly, of the determining role played by the Holy Office (aka Roman Inquisition) in shaping the Catholic Church down to Vatican ii (1962-65). A key role in this was played by Gian Pietro Carafa, who was made head of the congregation of the Holy Office at its foundation in 1542 and who became pope as Paul iv in 1555. During the key decades from the 1540s to 1570s the Inquisition in Rome set the agenda and by means, not only, of a series of trials of prominent members of the clerical establishment whom they regarded as their enemies, succeeded in intimidating their opponents. In doing so they also subverted episcopal authority, whose strengthening had been a watchword at the Council of Trent.
The Presence of Poetry, the Poetry of Presence
Authors: Ogunnaike Oludamini
Published: May 2016

The composition and performance of Arabic Sufi poetry is the most characteristic artistic tradition of West African Sufi communities, and yet this tradition has yet to receive the scholarly attention it deserves. In this article, I sketch an outline of a theory of Sufi poetics, and then apply this theory to interpret a performance of a popular Arabic poem of the Senegalese Shaykh Ibrahim Niasse (d. 1975), founder of the most popular branch of the Tijāniyya in West Africa.
Typification and nomenclature of Polypodium wallichii (Dipteris wallichii, Dipteridaceae)
Authors: Mazumdar Jaideep
Published: May 2016

Polypodium wallichii R.Br. ex Hooker & Greville (1830: 169) is based on a manuscript name of Robert Brown published by Wallich (1829) in his Numerical List, but that manuscript lacks a description. Hooker & Greville (1830) provided this description of P. wallichii, hence validating the name and thus the author citation should be “R.Br. ex Hook. & Grev.”.
Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States
Authors: MATHIS WAYNE N. , MARINONI LUCIANE
Published: May 2016

The Neotropical genera and species of the tribe Ephydrini are revised and include nine genera and 33 species. Of the nine genera, Setacera Cresson, Cirrula Cresson, Dimecoenia Cresson, Paracoenia Cresson and Ephydra Fallén are mostly temperate in distribution, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. The other four genera, which are exclusively Neotropical, include two, Austrocoenia and Notiocoenia, that were treated previously in the tribe Scatellini, and two recently described genera: Paraephydra (type species: Paraephydra freitasi (Oliveira)) and Neoephydra (type species: Neoephydra araucaria Mathis). New species described herein are: Neoephydra neotropica (Chile), N. dasycephala (Argentina and Peru), N. mallonota (Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile), N. shewelli (Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile), N. inca (Argentina, Bolivia, Peru), N. penai (Chile) and N. trichina (Argentina and Chile). New synonyms are (cited in their original combinations): Ephydra densepilosa Hendel = E. ciligena Rondani, Dimecoenia grumanni Oliveira = E. ciligena Rondani, D. coltaensis Cresson = D. zurcheri Hendel, D. carrerai Oliveira = D. zurcheri Hendel, D. lopesi = E. ciligena Rondani, D. travassosi Mello and Oliveira = E. prionoptera Thomson. A neotype is designated for E. caesia Wulp, and the following lectotype designations have also been made to better stabilize nomenclature (here cited in their original combination): Ephydra chilensis Macquart, Ephydra densepilosa Hendel, Ephydra pravoneura Hendel, Ephydra prionoptera Thomson, and Dimecoenia zurcheri Hendel. Dimecoenia venteli Oliveira is listed as a species inquirenda, as the type series includes only female specimens that we cannot presently recognize. Although the genera and subgenera are fairly easily distinguished, the included species are frequently difficult to separate, and we have generally relied on characters of the male terminalia to determine a species identity. Illustrations of male terminalia and distribution maps are included for each species and keys to all taxa have been provided.
Parameterization of Microphysical Processes in Convective Clouds in Global Climate Models
Authors: Zhang Guang J. , Song Xiaoliang
Published: May 2016

The microphysical processes inside convective clouds play an important role in climate. They directly control the amount of detrainment of cloud hydrometeor and water vapor from updrafts. The detrained water substance in turn affects the anvil cloud formation, upper-tropospheric water vapor distribution, and thus the atmospheric radiation budget. In global climate models, convective parameterization schemes have not explicitly represented microphysics processes in updrafts until recently. In this paper, the authors provide a review of existing schemes for convective microphysics parameterization. These schemes are broadly divided into three groups: tuning-parameter-based schemes (simplest), single-moment schemes, and two-moment schemes (most comprehensive). Common weaknesses of the tuning-parameter-based and single-moment schemes are outlined. Examples are presented from one of the two-moment schemes to demonstrate the performance of the scheme in simulating the hydrometeor distribution in convection and its representation of the effect of aerosols on convection.
Emotional Intelligence in Language Instruction in Oman: The Missing Link?
Authors: Balasubramanian Chandrika , Al-Mahrooqi Rahma
Published: May 2016

The field of English Language Teaching (ELT) has long sought to identify traits of good language learners, in an effort to teach these traits to less successful language learners (Rubin, 1975). Emotional Intelligence has recently come to the forefront of research on language learning and teaching, and is now increasingly recognized as an important predictor of success in academic achievement in general, and success in learning a language (Goleman, 1995; Rastegar and Karami, 2013; Sucaromana, 2012). Recent years have seen a proliferation of research linking Emotional Intelligence to success in the English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. Hence researchers have recommended explicit Emotional Intelligence instruction in language classrooms.

With the importance of English in today’s globalized world, and the greater need to communicate in English, fostering a student’s communicative ability is important, particularly in an EFL context like Oman. The Government of Oman has invested heavily in English language instruction, but unfortunately, the investment has not paid off. While there exists a substantial volume of research identifying possible reasons for students’ inadequate grasp of English even after years of language instruction both at the school and university levels, research linking emotional skills and language learning success in Oman is lacking. This article investigates whether a lack of Emotional Intelligence skills could be one of the reasons for the failure of students to achieve competence in English. Results from questionnaires of multiple choice and open-ended questions distributed to 60 university students at a large public university in the Sultanate of Oman show that a lack of Emotional Intelligence impacts a student’s ability to learn. The authors conclude that directly focusing on Emotional Intelligence skills in Omani university classrooms could result in improving students’ overall achievement both at university in general, and in English specifically.
The Micropolitics of Obesity: Materialism, Markets and Food Sovereignty
Authors: Fox Nick J , Bissell Paul , Peacock Marian , Blackburn Joanna
Published: May 2016

This article shifts focus from an individualised and anthropocentric perspective on obesity, and uses a new materialist analysis to explore the assemblages of materialities producing fat and slim bodies. We report data from a study of adults’ accounts of food decision-making and practices, investigating circulations of matter and desires that affect the production, distribution, accumulation and dispersal of fat, and disclose a micropolitics of obesity, which affects bodies in both ‘becoming-fat’ and ‘becoming-slim’ assemblages. These assemblages comprise bodies, food, fat, physical environments, food producers and processing industries, supermarkets and other food retailers and outlets, diet regimens and weight loss clubs, and wider social, cultural and economic formations, along with the thoughts, feelings, ideas and human desires concerning food consumption and obesity. The analysis reveals the significance of the marketisation of food, and discusses whether public health responses to obesity should incorporate a food sovereignty component.
Searching for Satisfaction: Black Female Teachers’ Workplace Climate and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Farinde-Wu Abiola , Fitchett Paul G.
Published: May 2016

Job satisfaction may decrease teacher attrition. Furthermore, job satisfaction correlates with teacher retention, which may influence school building climate and student achievement. Potentially affecting students’ progress and seeking to reduce attrition rates among Black teachers, this quantitative study uses data from the 2007-2008 Schools and Staffing Survey to examine Black female teachers’ job satisfaction. Findings suggest that Black female teachers’ have job satisfaction when they are in an urban, non-charter school; receive administrative support; experience positive student behavior; and are committed to teaching. Concluding recommendations are offered for teacher education programs and school leaders.