bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of several plant species for the sustainability of green open spaces in three sectors
Authors: SALSABILA SYLVIA HASNA , KURNIADIE DENNY , WITHANINGSIH SUSANTI
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Salsabila SH, Kurniadie D, Withaningsih S. 2022. Evaluation of several plant species for the sustainability of green open spaces in three sectors. Biodiversitas 23: 3861-3868. The climate change caused by air pollution could be overcome by creating green open spaces. Plants can absorb air pollution, provide shade, and be used as aesthetics and location boundary. Furthermore, plants' resistance to air pollution varies according to physiology and morphology. The objectives of this study were to assess the species diversity of vegetation and the tolerance index to air pollution of some plant species using the APTI (Air Pollution Tolerance Index) method in household, industry, and transportation areas in Eat Java. The observed plant species in the three sectors were the same. The result showed that the Shannon-Wiener diversity index value (H') was considered medium, and based on the APTI test, Pseuderanthemum reticulatum had the highest tolerance level with an APTI value of 27.59in the industrial sector (I0), 38.31 in the household sector (P1) and 31.73 in the transportation sector (T0). Meanwhile, Syzygium myrtifolium had the lowest tolerance level to air pollution with an APTI value of 12.64 in the industrial sector (I1), 11.59 in the household sector (P1) and 12.70 in the transportation sector (T0). This research provides information regarding the environmental conditions of the ecosystem in green open spaces in the industrial, household and transportation sectors and gives recommendations on the sustainable management of green open spaces in line with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) number 13 based on the tolerance level of plants.
Diversity, distribution, and nest characteristics of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) in Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rachmawati Regina Diah , Agus Ali , Umami Nafiatul , Agussalim Agussalim , Purwanto Hari
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Rachmawati RD, Agus A, Umami N, Asgussalim, Purwanton H. 2022. Diversity, distribution, and nest characteristics of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) in Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3890-3901. Baluran National Park is a conservation area located in Situbondo, East Java. It has become a natural habitat for many animals, including stingless bees. Stingless bees, known as klanceng in Java, are eusocial insects that produce honey and play an important role as pollinators. This study aimed to explore the diversity of stingless bees in BNP, East Java. Two species of stingless bees were found in nine sites with various types of habitats: teak forest, secondary forest, evergreen, savanna, mangrove, and settlements. Based on their morphological and morphometric characteristics, the bees were identified as Lepidotrigona terminata and Tetragonula laeviceps. The results of species identification were confirmed by molecular analysis using the 16S rRNA gene from mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid. Furthermore, we described the distinction of nest entrance appearances of stingless bees from their natural nest and beehive in meliponiculture. The stingless bee Tetragonula laeviceps is considered an adaptive stingless bee because it is distributed in all types of habitats in this study. These data would add information to the biology and distribution of stingless bee species in Indonesia, especially in Java Island, and provide bases for their utilization in the future.
Genetic characteristics and strain types of the invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Indonesia
Authors: DHARMAYANTHI ANIK BUDHI , SUBAGYO VANI NUR OKTAVIANY , NUGRAHA R. TAUFIQ PURNA , RAHMINI RAHMINI , RAHMADI CAHYO , DARMAWAN DARMAWAN , SUTRISNO HARI
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Dharmayanthi AB, Subagyo VNO, Nugraha RTP, Rahmini, Rahmadi C, Darmawan, Sutrisno H. 2022. Genetic characteristics and strain types of the invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3928-3935. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive pest in the tropical region of the western hemisphere, which is globally distributed, including in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the genetic characteristics and strain types of the Indonesian population, based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. The haplotype diversity and phylogenetic trees were assessed according to the COI and COII gene sequences, where 381 bp of Tpi nuclear gene sequences were evaluated to define the strain types. The two haplotypes detected were within COI and COII, while the maximum likelihood tree based on COI gene sequences shows two clades related to rice and corn strain. Tpi gene sequences indicated that the populations belong to the corn strain, which suggested COI as a promising marker when complex inter-strain hybridization has not occurred. It was also discovered that mitochondrial and nuclear markers are inconsistent to define the strains.
Molecular authentication of Etlingera spp. (Zingiberaceae) in Aceh Province, Indonesia using DNA barcoding
Authors: SAUDAH SAUDAH , ZUMAIDAR ZUMAIDAR , DARUSMAN DARUSMAN , FITMAWATI FITMAWATI , ROSLIM DEWI INDRIYANI , JULIANTARI ERWINA
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Saudah, Zumaidar, Darusman, Firmawati, Rislim DI, Juliantari E. 2022. Molecular authentication of Etlingera spp. (Zingiberaceae) in Aceh Province, Indonesia using DNA barcoding. Biodiversitas 23: 3976-3983. Etlingera spp.or locally known as Etlingera spp.(Acehnese) already has strong basic evidence in the treatment of traditional tribes in Aceh such as cough medicine, fever and sprains, and used to food and spices. Etlingera spp. used in various places varies based on morphological characteristics. On the other hand, for the development of phytopharmaceutical, the use of Etlingera spp. as plant herb requires authentication about the names. This study aimed to authenticate Etlingera spp. from Aceh using DNA barcoding. Nuclear ITS and trnL-F DNA sequences were used to authenticate among species of Etlingera spp. In this study different species of Etlingera spp. can be differentiated effectively by comparing the DNA barcoding regions. ITS sequence data can identify two different species of Etlingera (E. elatior and E. hemisphaerica). The two identified Etlingera spp.species can be used as important information for further research related to their pharmacological studies. One marker and combined analysis of ITS and trnL-F data proved that the Etlingeraspp. is a monophyletic group and provided phylogenetic information in closely related species. The intraspecific and interspecific variation of ITS markers were more discriminatory regions, while trnL-F IGS were of lower divergences. Our findings indicated that DNA barcoding is efficient and powerful to authenticate herbal medicine Etlingera spp..
Monoterpenes accumulation inducing by nutrient status under rhizobacteria and organic manure supply in Cymbopogon nardus
Authors: LARASATI FEROTA , SUDIARSO SUDIARSO , BARUNAWATI NUNUN , AINI NURUL
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Larasati F, Sudiarso, Barunawati N, Aini N. 2022. Monoterpenes accumulation inducing by nutrient status under rhizobacteria and organic manure supply in Cymbopogon nardus. Biodiversitas 23: 4055-4063. The quality type of Cymbopogon nardus in Indonesia is called as Java Citronella Oil. One of the oil components determining the quality of C. nardus is citronellal content as well-known monoterpenes. The citronellal component in C. nardus is obtained through the redistillation process in leaves. This study aims to obtain citronellal content, organic matter, and carbon which are affected by dosage of fertilizer on C. nardus. In the overall, the citronellal component of plants without PGPR (P0) treatment at all levels of organic manure supply is 10% higher than those treated rhizobacteria (P20). The final content of carbon and organic matter in respectively (2,25%) and (3,08%) leaves of plant (P0) at K10, K20, K25, K30 is 20% higher than those treated with P20. This might be caused by the carbon that is distributed to the vegetative part during the fast-growth phase, by contrast, the component of citronellal was reduced. The growth rate of C. nardus depends on the accumulation of dry weight at 5 and 6 MAP, which increases significantly with organic manure treatment of K30 and supply of rhizobacteria (P20), which had nutrient status 1,362% nitrogen, 0,194% phosphorus, 0,882 % potassium in leaf following by citronellal and citronellol.
Diversity and composition of ant species in different urban areas in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Harahap Idham Sakti , Asnan Trijanti A. Widinni , Widayanti Sri , Widhiastuti Herni
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Harahap IS, Asnan TAW, Widayanti S, Widhiastuti H. 2022. Diversity and composition of ant species in different urban areas in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4090-4096. Land use change, from natural to urban areas, is a threat to biodiversity because the disturbance created by human can destroy the habitat and decrease species richness. Ant is one of the most abundant animals in tropical habitats and most intrusive in an urban area. This research aims to determine the types of ants commonly found in various urban ecosystems in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Ant observation and sampling were carried out in Bogor City Areas at four different urban ecosystems, i.e., office area, shopping mall, housing area, and bus station. At each sampling location, ten observation plots were taken under different environmental conditions. Sampling was carried out for 6 months, from April to October 2021 with the direct collection and trapping method. The sample was then carried out to the laboratory for identification and data analysis process. The results of the species inventory obtained 7532 individuals and 28 species from 4 subfamilies, namely Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, and Ponerinae. The diversity of ant species at each location showed that the ant species in the bus station were not significantly different from the mall area. However, the diversity of ant species in three locations, namely bus stations, malls, and housing estates, showed significant differences with the diversity of ant species in office habitats. Anoplolepis gracilipes which is an invasive tramp species, is one type of ant found in all sampling locations with a relatively high abundance.
Comparative leaf epidermis study in Habenaria spp. (Orchidaceae) from Thailand
Authors: MUANGSAN NOODUAN , SAENSOUK PIYAPORN , CHANOKKHUN THOTSAPORN , WATTHANA SANTI
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Muangsan N, Saensouk P, Chanokkhun T, Watthana S. 2022. Comparative leaf epidermis study in Habenaria spp. (Orchidaceae) from Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 4159-4168. The variation of epidermal and stomatal characteristics could be used for plant classification, including orchids. This study aimed to investigate leaf epidermis characters of Habenaria from Thailand and focused on the H. rhodocheila group and related species. Fourteen accessions belonging to 10 species were studied and compared. Epidermal peels were taken from the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves and were observed under a light microscope. The stomata of all accessions studied were distributed only in the lower epidermis, where they were hypostomatic and anomocytic. The epidermal cell density showed significant differences between the two surface sides. The stomatal size is significantly different among all samples. The highest stomatal index was presented in H. rostrata and the lowest on H. rhodocheila (red). There is no gap variation of epidermis characteristics in H. rhodocheila and its closely related species. It is indicated that the leaf epidermal characters are the shared characters of the genus Habenaria from Thailand. H. rostrata has tentatively separated from other species based on epidermal anatomical characteristics.
Effect of spacing on growth, carbon sequestration, and wood quality of 8-year-old clonal teak plantation for sustainable forest teak management in Java Monsoon Forest, Indonesia
Authors: RAHMAWATI RIKA BELA , WIDIYATNO WIDIYATNO , HARDIWINOTO SURYO , BUDIADI BUDIADI , NUGROHO WIDYANTO DWI , WIBOWO ARIS , RODIANA DIAN
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Rahmawati RB, Widiyatno, Hardiwinoto S, Budiadi, Nugroho WD, Wibowo A, Rodiana D. 2022. Effect of spacing on growth, carbon sequestration, and wood quality of 8-year-old clonal teak plantation for sustainable forest teak management in Java Monsoon Forest. Biodiversitas 23: 4180-4188. Lowland monsoon forest dominated by teak was one of the tropical forest types that can contribute to producing wood production, carbon storage, reduction of emissions, and other ecosystem services. Increasing teak forest productivity could be obtained through teak breeding to get superior teak clones with high diameter growth. Thus, spacing is an important consideration for optimizing the growth, carbon sequestration, and wood properties of teak. However, the study of the growth, carbon sequestration, and wood quality of teak was conducted separately. This research used a selected teak clone aged 8 years with RCBD design with 4 blocks as replications. There were four different spacing as treatments, namely 10 m x 2 m, 8 m x 2 m, 6 m x 2 m, and 3 m x 3 m. The results showed that spacing was a significant effect on DBH, tree height, bole height, carbon sequestration, and volume of teak clones aged 8 years. On the other hand, spacing didn’t significantly affect the physical and mechanical properties of wood. The wood quality test showed that the 6 m x 2 m spacing had high values of bending strength and compressive strength parallel. The highest percentage of heartwood was at a narrow spacing of 6 m x 2 m and did not differ significantly with wide spacing. This indicated that wide spacing was beneficial in terms of teak growth, but wide spacing didn’t significantly affect on wood quality of the teak.
Endophytic actinobacteria of Eleutherine palmifolia as antioxidant producer
Authors: SHABIRA AFINA PUTRI , TJAHJOLEKSONO ARIS , LESTARI YULIN
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Shabira AP, Tjahjoleksono A, Lestari Y. 2022. Endophytic actinobacteria of Eleutherine palmifolia as antioxidant producer. Biodiversitas 23: 4209-4215. Endophytic actinobacteria can generate bioactive compounds similar to those produced by the host plant. The Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr is an example of a widely utilized host plant in the Dayak community. Flavonoids, which have antioxidant effects, are among the bioactive compounds found in E. palmifolia. The antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds produced by endophytic actinobacteria of E. palmifolia remains unidentified. The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds produced by endophytic actinobacteria of E. palmifolia. Antioxidant activity from isolates actinobacteria was determined quantitatively using the DPPH and ABTS methods. Identification of the types of bioactive compound in the samples was identified using TLC assay and bioautography test. Analysis of flavonoid levels was performed using colorimetric aluminum chloride (AlCl3). The result showed that the extraction of six isolates of endophytic actinobacteria with ethyl acetate solvent had different yields. The extract of endophytic actinobacteria EPB 6 isolate produced the highest (0.013%) yield. The extract of endophytic actinobacteria EPB 3 isolate had the best antioxidant activity, with 53.85 mg/mL (DPPH) and 42.43 mg/mL (ABTS). The extract of endophytic actinobacteria EPB 3 isolate and E. palmifolia had the same blue spots in TLC analysis, indicating the presence of bioactive compounds flavonol and flavones groups. The bioautography test of EPB 3 isolate endophytic actinobacteria extract produced yellow color, indicating qualitatively antioxidant activity. The total flavonoid content of the EPB 3 isolate extract was also higher (25.30 QE/mg) than the other five isolates, while it was 46.03 QE/mg in E. palmifolia extract. It is clear from the present study that the endophytic actinobacteria extract can produce antioxidants.
Ethnobotanical knowledge of Etlingera elatior for medicinal and food uses among ethnic groups in Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: SAUDAH SAUDAH , ZUMAIDAR ZUMAIDAR , DARUSMAN DARUSMAN , ROSLIM DEWI INDRIYANI , ERNILASARI ERNILASARI
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Saudah, Zumaidar, Darusman, Fitmawati, Roslim DI, Ernilasari. 2022. Ethnobotanical knowledge of Etlingera elatior for medicinal and food uses among ethnic groups in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4361-4370. The tribes in Aceh Province have been using Etlingera elatior for various medicinal purposes and as a spice in their culinary. Nonetheless, detailed information on the uses of E. elatior among communities in Aceh is lacking. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the ethnobotanical knowledge among local tribes in Aceh regarding the uses of E. elatior for food and medicine. This research was conducted on eight ethnic groups in Aceh Province (i.e., Acehnese, Gayo, Alas, Aneuk Jamee, Kluet, Tamiang, Singkil, and Simeulue). The data collection was carried out by using semi-structured interviews and field observation. A total of 240 respondents (135 male and 105 female) were selected purposively to obtain local knowledge on the uses, processing techniques and modes of application of E. elatior for medicinal and food purposes. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data to determine the level of knowledge and plant parts used, both measured in fidelity level (FL). The results showed that men, elderly people and farmers had more knowledge about the uses of E. elatior as medicine and food ingredients. Traditional medicines made from this herb were used to cure coughs, sprains, postpartum and earaches. Makjun sejuk, pareng, lampok and tapal were the concoction used in traditional medicine. Stem and fruit were the most commonly used plant parts for medicinal herbs, while pounding was the most common processing technique followed by squeezing and grinding either singly or in a mixture used by drinking and rubbing. The uses of E. elatior in food were found in several local dishes with the most common use in a curry called Pliék U. Flower buds and fruit was the most commonly used part in food ingredients. Despite the unique and high uses of E. elatior among tribes in Aceh, the gap in knowledge, especially between the older and younger generations, might impact the loss of local wisdom regarding the plant.
The Strengths and Positive Influences of Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Kautz-Turnbull Carson , Adams Tangeria R. , Petrenko Christie L. M.
Published: August 2022

People with disabilities have not been adequately represented in strengths-based research. This study is the first to examine strengths and positive influences of young children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Thirty adoptive and relative caregivers of children with FASD reported their children's strengths and positive influences and completed measures on family functioning. Using a conversion mixed design, we described themes in strengths and influences, degree of caregiver positivity and relationships with child and family functioning. Caregivers reported wide-ranging strengths and positive influences. Frequency of adaptive strengths correlated with measures of family functioning, but thematic strengths and positive influences did not. Strengths and positive influences are distinct from measures of functioning and are not well captured in deficit-focused research.
Working Memory Training in Youth With Autism, Fragile X, and Intellectual Disability: A Pilot Study
Authors: Calub Catrina A. , Benyakorn Songpoom , Sun Shuai , Iosif Ana-Maria , Boyle Lauren H. , Solomon Marjorie , Hessl David , Schweitzer Julie B.
Published: August 2022

This pilot study sought to identify potential markers of improvement from pre-post treatment in response to computerized working memory (WM) training for youth (ages 8–18) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and comorbid intellectual disability (ID) in a single arm, pre-post design. Participants included 26 children with ASD and 18 with comorbid ASD and fragile X syndrome (ASD+FXS). Analyses were adjusted for age and IQ. The ASD group demonstrated greater improvement on WM training relative to the ASD+FXS group. Participants improved on WM and far transfer outcomes, however, there were no significant group differences in improvement except for repetitive behavior. Higher hyperactivity/impulsivity ratings predicted lower performance on visuospatial WM. Findings suggest cognitive training may be beneficial for youth with ASD and ID, warranting further exploration.
Analysis of accuracy and ambiguities in spatial measurements of birefringence in uniaxial anisotropic media
Authors: Bouhy Julie , Dekoninck Augustin , Voué Michel , Deparis Olivier
Published: August 2022

Accuracy and ambiguities in retardance and optical axis orientation
spatial measurements are analyzed in detail in the context of the
birefringence imaging method introduced by Shribak and Oldenbourg
[Appl.
Opt. 42, 3009
(2003)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.42.003009]. An alternative
formula was derived in order to determine the optical axis orientation
more accurately, and without indetermination in the case of a
quarter-wave plate sample. Following Shribak and Oldenbourg’s
experimental configuration using two variable retarders, a linear
polarizer, and five polarization probes, we examined the effect of the
swing angle

χ

, which selected the ellipticity of
each polarization state, on the accuracy of retardance
(

Δ

) and axis orientation
(

ϕ

) measurements. Using a quarter-wave
plate, excellent agreement between measured and expected values was
obtained for both the retardance and the axis orientation, as
demonstrated by the statistical analysis of

Δ

and

ϕ

spatial distributions. The intrinsic
ambiguity in the determination of

Δ

and

ϕ

for superimposed layers of
transparent anisotropic cello-tape is discussed in detail, and
solutions are provided to remove this ambiguity. An example of
application of the method on geological samples is also presented. We
believe our analysis will guide researchers willing to exploit this
long-standing method in their laboratories.
Effect of the seed power spectral density on spectral broadening in kW-level narrow-linewidth fiber amplifiers
Authors: Heidariazar A. , Latifi H. , Lotfollahi M. , Barzi M.
Published: August 2022

Narrow-linewidth high-power fiber amplifiers are demanded in the spectral beam combining technique for power scaling. This article has experimentally studied the seed power spectral density (PSD) effect on the spectral broadening in all-fiber high-power narrow-linewidth fiber amplifier based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) structure. It was found that the spectral bandwidth of the amplifier output reduces by increasing the PSD of the seed source. During the experiments, a ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) amplifier was injected by three seed sources with the PSDs of 1.27 W/pm, 1.5 W/pm and 1.8 W/pm to scale up the seed power. After amplification, the resultant 3-dB spectral bandwidth of the amplifier was measured to be 88 pm, 61 pm, and 41 pm, respectively, at kW-level power. Meanwhile, we developed a 990 W fiber amplifier with a 3-dB spectral bandwidth of 41 pm; the narrowest spectrum achieved using a simple FBG-based master oscillator power amplifier configuration at this power level.
HypDB: A functionally annotated web-based database of the proline hydroxylation proteome
Authors: Gong Yao , Behera Gaurav , Erber Luke , Luo Ang , Chen Yue
Published: August 2022

Proline hydroxylation (Hyp) regulates protein structure, stability, and protein–protein interaction. It is widely involved in diverse metabolic and physiological pathways in cells and diseases. To reveal functional features of the Hyp proteome, we integrated various data sources for deep proteome profiling of the Hyp proteome in humans and developed HypDB (https://www.HypDB.site), an annotated database and web server for Hyp proteome. HypDB provides site-specific evidence of modification based on extensive LC-MS analysis and literature mining with 14,413 nonredundant Hyp sites on 5,165 human proteins including 3,383 Class I and 4,335 Class II sites. Annotation analysis revealed significant enrichment of Hyp on key functional domains and tissue-specific distribution of Hyp abundance across 26 types of human organs and fluids and 6 cell lines. The network connectivity analysis further revealed a critical role of Hyp in mediating protein–protein interactions. Moreover, the spectral library generated by HypDB enabled data-independent analysis (DIA) of clinical tissues and the identification of novel Hyp biomarkers in lung cancer and kidney cancer. Taken together, our integrated analysis of human proteome with publicly accessible HypDB revealed functional diversity of Hyp substrates and provides a quantitative data source to characterize Hyp in pathways and diseases.
Whole exome sequencing reveals novel risk genes of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Peculis Raitis , Rovite Vita , Megnis Kaspars , Balcere Inga , Breiksa Austra , Nazarovs Jurijs , Stukens Janis , Konrade Ilze , Sokolovska Jelizaveta , Pirags Valdis , Klovins Janis
Published: August 2022

Somatic genetic alterations in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) tissues have been identified in several studies, but detection of overlapping somatic PitNET candidate genes is rare. We sequenced and by employing multiple data analysis methods studied the exomes of 15 PitNET patients to improve discovery of novel factors involved in PitNET development. PitNET patients were recruited to the study before PitNET removal surgery. For each patient, two samples for DNA extraction were acquired: venous blood and PitNET tissue. Exome sequencing was performed using Illumina NexSeq 500 sequencer and data analyzed using two separate workflows and variant calling algorithms: GATK and Strelka2. A combination of two data analysis pipelines discovered 144 PitNET specific somatic variants (mean = 9.6, range 0–19 per PitNET) of which all were SNVs. Also, we detected previously knownGNASPitNET mutation and identified somatic variants in 11 genes, which have contained somatic variants in previous WES and WGS studies of PitNETs. Noteworthy, this is the third study detecting somatic variants in geneRYR1in the exomes of PitNETs. In conclusion, we have identified two novel PitNET candidate genes (AC002519.6andAHNAK) with recurrent somatic variants in our PitNET cohort and found 13 genes overlapping from previous PitNET studies that contain somatic variants. Our study demonstrated that the use of multiple sequencing data analysis pipelines can provide more accurate identification of somatic variants in PitNETs.
Survival analysis of the unsafe behaviors leading to urban expressway crashes
Authors: Huajing Ning , Yu Yunyan , Bai Lu
Published: August 2022

A common cause of vehicle crashes on urban expressways lies in the unsafe behaviors of drivers. This study focused on analyzing the influence of various unsafe behaviors on crash duration. Based on actual video image of vehicle crashes, 14 unsafe behaviors were identified for the analysis of crashes on urban expressways. Using the correspondence analysis method, the correlation among unsafe behaviors and collision types was obtained. Nonparametric survival analysis was then presented to obtain the survival rate curves of sideswipe crashes and rear-end crashes. Finally, parametric survival analysis method can get the influence of unsafe behaviors on crash duration. The survival rate of any time was quantified through the reasoning of key unsafe behaviors for different types of crashes. The results show that there were striking differences in the duration among different types of crashes. The unsafe behaviors had a significant impact on duration for different types of crashes. This study focused on the duration under the influence of unsafe behaviors before the crash, and the results provide valuable information to prevent crashes, which can improve traffic safety.
Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in impaired neonatal lung growth and bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Pritchard Kirkwood A. , Jing Xigang , Teng Michelle , Wells Clive , Jia Shuang , Afolayan Adeleye J. , Jarzembowski Jason , Day Billy W. , Naylor Stephen , Hessner Martin J. , Konduri G. Ganesh , Teng Ru-Jeng
Published: August 2022

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), oxidative stress (OS), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are increased in the lungs of rat pups raised in hyperoxia, an established model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, the relationship between OS, MPO, and ER stress has not been examined in hyperoxia rat pups. We treated Sprague-Dawley rat pups with tunicamycin or hyperoxia to determine this relationship. ER stress was detected using immunofluorescence, transcriptomic, proteomic, and electron microscopic analyses. Immunofluorescence observed increased ER stress in the lungs of hyperoxic rat BPD and human BPD. Proteomic and morphometric studies showed that tunicamycin directly increased ER stress of rat lungs and decreased lung complexity with a BPD phenotype. Previously, we showed that hyperoxia initiates a cycle of destruction that we hypothesized starts from increasing OS through MPO accumulation and then increases ER stress to cause BPD. To inhibit ER stress, we used tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a molecular chaperone. To break the cycle of destruction and reduce OS and MPO, we used N-acetyl-lysyltyrosylcysteine amide (KYC). The fact that TUDCA improved lung complexity in tunicamycin- and hyperoxia-treated rat pups supports the idea that ER stress plays a causal role in BPD. Additional support comes from data showing TUDCA decreased lung myeloid cells and MPO levels in the lungs of tunicamycin- and hyperoxia-treated rat pups. These data link OS and MPO to ER stress in the mechanisms mediating BPD. KYC’s inhibition of ER stress in the tunicamycin-treated rat pup’s lung provides additional support for the idea that MPO-induced ER stress plays a causal role in the BPD phenotype. ER stress appears to expand our proposed cycle of destruction. Our results suggest ER stress evolves from OS and MPO to increase neonatal lung injury and impair growth and development. The encouraging effect of TUDCA indicates that this compound has the potential for treating BPD.
Evolving mortality rates in people who inject drugs: An Australian tertiary hospital observational study on infective endocarditis
Authors: Khan Isa , Brookes Elizabeth , Santamaria John , Crisafi Daniel , Wilson Andrew , Darby Jonathan , Newcomb Andrew
Published: August 2022

Background

Injection drug use (IDU) associated infective endocarditis (IE) is clinically challenging due to social issues this population endures. Rates of IDU are rising globally, however, there is a lack of clear guidelines for IDU associated IE. The aim of this study is to assess the epidemiology of the IDU and non-IDU populations and compare their long-term outcomes to help guide future management.

Methods

An observational cohort study was conducted on all 350 patients treated for IE at St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne between 1999 and 2015. Follow up was performed until death or January 2021. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality.

Results

IDU patients are younger (p<0.001), more likely to have concurrent infections (p<0.001), and other addiction disorders (p<0.001), while non-IDU patients are older with a higher level of comorbid illnesses (p<0.001). IDU and non-IDU patients received similar management during their admissions and experienced similar levels of in-hospital outcomes, except for non-IDU patient being more likely to develop pneumonia post-surgery (p = 0.03). IDU patients are more likely to become reinfected (p = 0.034) but have better long-term survival, with survival estimates at 15-years being 64.98% (95%CI: 50.94–75.92%) for IDU patients compared to 26.67% (95%CI: 19.76–34.05%) for non-IDU patients (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Despite having higher levels of reinfection, IDU patients have better long-term survival compared to non-IDU patients. Therefore, we suggest IDU patients should not have blanket restrictions on the management they are offered unless at the individual level there is a contraindication to therapy.
Towards an inclusive nature conservation initiative: Preliminary assessment of stakeholders’ representations about the Makay region, Madagascar
Authors: Fromont Céline , Blanco Julien , Culas Christian , Pannier Emmanuel , Razafindrakoto Mireille , Roubaud François , Carrière Stéphanie M.
Published: August 2022

The existence of multiple perspectives and representations of different stakeholders poses critical challenges to conservation initiatives worldwide. Thus, to foster more just and sustainable agendas in protected areas (PAs), this diversity of perspectives must be better understood, acknowledged, and tackled. In this article, we aimed to initiate this understanding for the Makay region in Madagascar, a poorly-known region where a ‘New Protected Area’ has been gazetted. In combining mental models and social representation theory, we explored different stakeholders’ perspectives about the Makay social-ecological system, and how differences in stakeholders’ viewpoints could challenge the success of an inclusive, just, and sustainable conservation program. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 32 respondents having different expertise on the Makay. During interviews, respondents were guided towards the elicitation of their individual cognitive map (ICM) of the Makay social-ecological system. ICMs were then analyzed in combining quantitative and qualitative. Respondents described the Makay through a total of 162 components, including 51 components that constituted the central zone of the Makay’s representation. In particular, respondents pointed to insecurity issues caused by zebu thieves, as well as to environmental challenges relative to anthropogenic fires and hunting. On the contrary, they considered mining activities and timber harvesting as more peripheral problems. Through a multivariate clustering analysis, we discriminated two clusters of respondents with contrasting visions about the Makay, ecocentric vs. social-ecological, which was largely influenced by respondents’ background. In comparing the two clusters’ representations, we found that they had dissimilar diagnoses about key socio-environmental challenges in the Makay and how to address them. This ambiguity in respondents’ viewpoints stresses the need to increase research efforts in the Makay region to fill current knowledge gaps about this poorly known social-ecological system, and to foster social learning between stakeholders concerned by the Makay new PA.
Prevalence of gross lesions and handling practices in pigs and their association with pork quality, Kiambu, Kenya
Authors: Sentamu Derrick Noah , Onono Joshua Orungo , Muinde Patrick , Bor Nicholas , Chepyatich Dorcas , Thomas Lian Francesca
Published: August 2022

Pre-slaughter handling of pigs has been documented to affect the quality of meat though no studies have investigated this relationship in the Kenyan context. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gross lesions and practices related to sub-optimal welfare in pigs presented for slaughter while analyzing the relationship between occurrence of these lesions and meat quality. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a medium scale, non-integrated pig abattoir supplying to the Nairobi market, with a capacity to slaughter approximately 40 pigs a day. Data on welfare-associated lesions and handling practices were obtained from 529 pig carcasses and traders respectively. 387 pork samples were collected, and their quality evaluated by measuring their pH, meat color and drip loss. These three parameters were used to classify pork into four recognized categories namely: Red, Firm, Non-exudative (RFN), Pale Soft Exudative (PSE), Dark Firm Dry (DFD) and Red Soft Exudative (RSE). Almost all pigs were inefficiently stunned as evidenced by the presence of consciousness post-stunning. The majority of pigs (82.97%) having one or more welfare-associated gross lesions. Other animal welfare malpractices observed were high loading density and inadequate rest periods between transport and slaughter. A quarter of the pork samples were of sub-optimal quality including: RSE (11.36%), PSE (2.58%) and DFD (2.58%). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that pork originating from pigs transported at a high loading density had increased odds of being classified as DFD (OR 13.41, 95% CI 2.59–69.46). The findings indicate the need to educate stakeholders in the pork value chains on improved pig handling before and during slaughter to enhance pig welfare pre-slaughter and pork quality post-slaughter. Animal welfare legislation enforcement and implementation was observed to be insufficient. There is a need to educate key stakeholders on its importance of being put into practice both from economic and welfare perspectives.
Protocol for the MicroRESUS study: The impact of circulatory shock and resuscitation on microcirculatory function and mitochondrial respiration after cardiovascular surgery
Authors: Greenwood John C. , Talebi Fatima M. , Jang David H. , Spelde Audrey E. , Kilbaugh Todd J. , Shofer Frances S. , Acker Michael A. , Augoustides John G. T. , Bakker Jan , Meyer Nuala J. , Brenner Jacob S. , Muzykantov Vladimir R. , Abella Benjamin S.
Published: August 2022

Background

Despite current resuscitation strategies, circulatory shock and organ injury after cardiac surgery occur in 25–40% of patients. Goal-directed resuscitation after cardiac surgery has generated significant interest, but clinical practice to normalize hemodynamic variables including mean arterial pressure, cardiac filling pressures, and cardiac output may not reverse microcirculation abnormalities and do not address cellular dysoxia. Recent advances in technology have made it possible to measure critical components of oxygen delivery and oxygen utilization systems in live human tissues and blood cells. The MicroRESUS study will be the first study to measure microcirculatory and mitochondrial function in patients with circulatory shock and link these findings with clinical outcomes.

Methods and analysis

This will be a prospective, observational study that includes patients undergoing elective cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Microcirculation will be quantified with sublingual incident dark field videomicroscopy. Mitochondrial respiration will be measured by performing a substrate–uncoupler–inhibitor titration protocol with high resolution respirometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells at baseline and serial timepoints during resuscitation and at recovery as a possible liquid biomarker. Plasma samples will be preserved for future analysis to examine endothelial injury and other mechanisms of microcirculatory dysfunction. Thirty-day ventilator and vasopressor-free days (VVFDs) will be measured as a primary outcome, along with sequential organ failure assessment scores, and other clinical parameters to determine if changes in microcirculation and mitochondrial respiration are more strongly associated with clinical outcomes compared to traditional resuscitation targets.

Discussion

This will be the first prospective study to examine both microcirculatory and mitochondrial function in human patients with circulatory shock undergoing cardiac bypass and address a key mechanistic knowledge gap in the cardiovascular literature. The results of this study will direct future research efforts and therapeutic development for patients with shock.
Encoding edge type information in graphlets
Authors: Jia Mingshan , Van Alboom Maité , Goubert Liesbet , Bracke Piet , Gabrys Bogdan , Musial Katarzyna
Published: August 2022

Graph embedding approaches have been attracting increasing attention in recent years mainly due to their universal applicability. They convert network data into a vector space in which the graph structural information and properties are maximumly preserved. Most existing approaches, however, ignore the rich information about interactions between nodes, i.e., edge attribute or edge type. Moreover, the learned embeddings suffer from a lack of explainability, and cannot be used to study the effects of typed structures in edge-attributed networks. In this paper, we introduce a framework to embed edge type information in graphlets and generate a Typed-Edge Graphlets Degree Vector (TyE-GDV). Additionally, we extend two combinatorial approaches, i.e., the colored graphlets and heterogeneous graphlets approaches to edge-attributed networks. Through applying the proposed method to a case study of chronic pain patients, we find that not only the network structure of a patient could indicate his/her perceived pain grade, but also certain social ties, such as those with friends, colleagues, and healthcare professionals, are more crucial in understanding the impact of chronic pain. Further, we demonstrate that in a node classification task, the edge-type encoded graphlets approaches outperform the traditional graphlet degree vector approach by a significant margin, and that TyE-GDV could achieve a competitive performance of the combinatorial approaches while being far more efficient in space requirements.
Priming and reversals of the perceived ambiguous orientation of a structure-from-motion shape and relation to personality traits
Authors: Poom Leo , Matin Melina
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate contributions of top-down and bottom-up influences in perception as explored by priming and counts of perceived reversals and mixed percepts, as probed by an ambiguously slanted structure-from-motion (SFM) test-cylinder. We included three different disambiguated primes: a SFM cylinder, a still image of a cylinder, and an imagined cylinder. In Experiment 1 where the prime and test sequentially occupied the same location, we also administered questionnaires with the Big-5 trait openness and vividness of visual imagery to probe possible relations to top-down driven priming. Since influences of gaze or position in the prime conditions in Experiment 1 could not be ruled out completely, Experiment 2 was conducted where the test cylinder appeared at a randomly chosen position after the prime. In Experiment 2 we also measured the number of perceptual reversals and mixed percepts during prolonged viewing of our ambiguous SFM-cylinder, and administered questionnaires to measure all Big-5 traits, autism, spatial and object imagery, and rational or experiential cognitive styles, associated with bottom-up and top-down processes. The results revealed contributions of position-invariant and cue-invariant priming. In addition, residual contributions of low-level priming was found when the prime and test were both defined by SFM, and were presented at the same location, and the correlation between the SFM priming and the other two priming conditions were weaker than between the pictorial and imagery priming. As previously found with ambiguous binocular rivalry stimuli, we found positive correlations between mixed percepts and the Big-5 dimension openness to experience, and between reversals, mixed percepts and neuroticism. Surprisingly, no correlations between the scores from the vividness of imagery questionnaires and influence from any of the primes were obtained. An intriguing finding was the significant differences between the positive correlation from the experiential cognitive style scores, and the negative correlation between rational style and the cue invariant priming. Among other results, negative correlations between agreeableness and all priming conditions were obtained. These results not only support the notion of multiple processes involved in the perception of ambiguous SFM, but also link these processes in perception to specific personality traits.
Disaggregated approach to urban trip distribution: a comparative analysis between artificial neural networks and discrete choice models
Authors: Urano de Carvalho Caldas Marina , Souza Pitombo Cira , Lobo Umbelino de Souza Felipe , Favero Renan
Published: August 2022

Discrete choice models have been used over the years in disaggregated approaches to forecast destination choices.  However, there are important constraints in some of these models that pose obstacles to using them, such as the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) property in the Multinomial Logit model, the need to assume specific structures and high calibration times, depending on the complexity of the case being evaluated. However, some of these mentioned constraints could be mitigated using Mixed Models or Nested Logit.  Therefore, this paper proposes a comparative analysis between the Artificial Neural Network (ANNs), the Multinomial and Nested Logit models for disaggregated forecasting of urban trip distribution. A case study was conducted in a medium-sized Brazilian city, Santa Maria (RS), Brazil. The data used come from a household survey, prepared for the Urban Mobility Master Plan. For the sake of comparison, hit rates and frequency of trip distribution distances were analyzed, showing that ANNs can be as efficient as the Discrete Choice models for disaggregated forecasting of urban trip destination without, however, assuming some constraints. Finally, based on the results obtained, the efficiency of ANNs is observed for predicting alternatives with a low number of observations.  They are important tools for obtaining Origin-Destination matrices from incomplete sample matrices or with a low number of observations.  However, it is important to mention that discrete choice models can provide important information for the analyst, such as statistical significance of parameters, elasticities, subjective value of attributes, etc.
Electric Seeing
Authors: Klink Charlotte
Published: August 2022

What is the subject of video? Charlotte Klink traces the development of electromagnetism in the pursuit of »Electric Seeing« that emerged in the 19th century as well as its curious relation to psychoanalysis and the contemporary discovery of the structure of the human psyche. In doing so, she exposes how this development laid the foundation of what we know today as »video«. This comprehensive theory of video entails a discussion of the technological, historical, and etymological roots, the media-theoretical concepts of medium and index, the philosophical and art-theoretical environment in which video emerged in the 1960s, the psychoanalytic concept of the phantasm, and artworks by artists such as Yael Bartana, Hito Steyerl, and Bjørn Melhus.
statt-Spaziergang
Authors: Jenni Ursula
Published: August 2022

Ursula Jenni reflektiert in diesem Beitrag, das von ihr entwickelte Format des »statt-Spaziergang«, welches sie im Rahmen einer Hochschul-Konferenz 2018 in Potsdam vorgestellt und durchgeführt hat. Ausgehend von einer Beschreibung des Formats, verfolgt sie die oft unsichtbar in theaterpädagogische Praxis eingewobenen Fäden klassistischer Privilegien, Zuschreibungen und Diskriminierungen. Als Analyse-Struktur dient ihr hierfür das Konzept der Befähigung von Alkemeyer und Buschmann. Zusammenfassend fokussiert sie Aspekte, welche das Potenzial haben, dem Reflex zur Distinktion ein Schnippchen zu schlagen: Prozesse der Anerkennung, Entschleunigung von Proben und Experimente, ausgehend von vertrauten Praktiken.