bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Configuring Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm for Fuzzy Imbalanced Classification with Adaptive Instance Selection
Authors: Stanovov Vladimir , Semenkin Eugene , Semenkina Olga
Published: June 2016

A novel approach for instance selection in classification problems is presented. This adaptive instance selection is designed to simultaneously decrease the amount of computation resources required and increase the classification quality achieved. The approach generates new training samples during the evolutionary process and changes the training set for the algorithm. The instance selection is guided by means of changing probabilities, so that the algorithm concentrates on problematic examples which are difficult to classify. The hybrid fuzzy classification algorithm with a self-configuration procedure is used as a problem solver. The classification quality is tested upon 9 problem data sets from the KEEL repository. A special balancing strategy is used in the instance selection approach to improve the classification quality on imbalanced datasets. The results prove the usefulness of the proposed approach as compared with other classification methods.
The impact of employee competencies management as part of the human capital on the intellectual capital implementing process
Authors: Prusak Rafał
Published: June 2016

Competencies of employees and competence management are elements fairly well described in the literature. A modern approach to these issues, however, must have a broader than traditional character. This follows the significant changes that took place in management sciences expressed by an increased role of intangible assets. Intellectual capital, its components, connections with enterprise resources and elements of the environment are an important aspects of the strategic considerations undertaken by management staff in modern enterprises. Competences - which are specific expression of the potential of employees, their ability to detect changes and finding solutions - in this new context become even more important. This study attempts to analyze the selected relationships between the competency management system, intellectual capital and the attitude to IC of management staff.
Decoupling between policy and practice through the lens of sensemaking and sensegiving
Authors: Austen Agata
Published: June 2016

Any organizations, pursuing their goals, they should take into account others, as they are compelled to a joint coexistence. In order to grow, they need plans and rules of conduct. But not always what was intended is actually implemented. That discrepancy is called decoupling. This phenomenon may be due to different levels of acceptance and implementation of rules, which is associated with the process of sensemaking and sensegiving. The first phenomenon involves the creation of meaning, where the new rule is not yet fully developed and understood, and so it must be properly interpreted only to implement the action. In this process, people give meaning to their experiences. If the process of creating a sense is successful, occurring practices are accepted by the members of the organization, and finally implemented. Sensegiving is about exerting influence in terms of the proper understanding of the rules, in order to create an appropriate definition of organizational reality. Moral attitude of employees may be important in minimizing the effect of negative attitudes associated with decoupling. Therefore, there is a need for constant training of employees in ethical issues.

The aim of the article is to present the potential significance of sensemaking and sensegiving for decoupling, and explain the role of increasing ethical awareness for neutralizing decoupling resulting from conscious actions of organizational actors.
Crystal structures of bis(1,10-phenanthrolin-1-ium) aquapentakis(nitrato-κ2
O,O′)neodym(III) monohydrate, C24H22N9NdO17
Authors: Bi-Song Zhang , Ling-Xia Hu , Chang-Sheng Wu , Zhen-Xiang Liu
Published: June 2016

C24H22N9NdO17, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.6445(15) Å, b = 7.9378(16) Å, c = 25.741(5) Å, α = 94.51(3)°, β = 91.76(3)°, γ = 97.34(3)°, V = 1543.1(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0274, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0686, T = 290(2) K.
Crystal structure of N-(2-(2-oxoindolin-4-yl)ethyl)-N-propylpropan-1-aminium tetraphenylborate, C40H45BN2O
Authors: Ghabbour Hazem A. , Al-Majed Abdulrahman , Alruqi Obaid S. , Mostafa Gamal A. E.
Published: June 2016

C40H45BN2O, monoclinic, P21/c (No. 14), a = 14.4148(6) Å, b = 16.7684(7) Å, c = 13.7178(5), β = 102.791(1)°, V = 3233.5(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0424, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1128, T = 100 K.
Morphemic Structure of Lithuanian Words
Authors: Rimkutė Erika , Kazlauskienė Asta , Utka Andrius
Published: June 2016

The Lithuanian language is a typical flectional language that has a very sophisticated system of
grammatical forms and many means of derivation; it is also characterized by uncertain boundaries between
morphemes. All this makes the morphemic analysis of the Lithuanian language very complex. The aim of
this research is to define and describe morphemic structural models of inflective parts of speech (i.e. nouns,
adjectives, numerals, pronouns, and verbs) and regularities of their usage in contemporary Lithuanian.
Are Cooperative Banks Better Equipped to Weather Financial Crisis than their Commercial Counterparts? Evidence from the Italian Banking Sector before and during the Credit Crisis
Authors: Stefancic Mitja
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose: The aim of this paper is to empirically investigate the performance of different types of Italian banks before and during the recent credit crisis with an emphasis on the behaviour of cooperative banks. It is well established in theory that cooperative banks follow more conservative business strategies and care more for stakeholders in comparison to commercial banks. On this background, the paper tries to show the empirical effects of those characteristics on the cooperative bank’s performance during financial distress compared to commercial banks. In fact, the paper can prove that Italian cooperative banks were less exposed to the shocks of the crisis and showed a better performance.

Methodology: In order to assess whether cooperative banks performed differently at all from commercial banks during the 2005-2012 period, return on average assets (ROAA), cost efficiency and loan quality have been investigated by means of a sample of 594 Italian banks, pooled OLS and (when possible) a fixed effects estimator.

Results: Overall, Italian cooperative banks performed better than other Italian banks during the financial crisis. The quality of loans deteriorated less in these banks than in others, while no significant differences have been observed in terms of ROAA and cost efficiency between these and other banks.

Conclusion: My paper provides empirical evidence for a well established theoretically derived hypothesis: Italian cooperative banks operate differently than standard commercial banks which is especially noticeable during times of crisis. The fact empirically demonstrated that different banking models have shown different reactions to the financial crisis and economic downturn has important policy implications. Due to both characteristics of cooperative banks and severe limitations in the financial policies by the Italian government during the credit crisis an ironical pattern has emerged: While Italian cooperative banks were less exposed to the shocks of the crisis, they would have been less able to adjust to them since the financial rescue program was designed primarily for commercial banks.
Analysis of Interactions of Key Stakeholders on B2C e-Markets - Agent Based Modelling and Simulation Approach
Authors: Marković Aleksandar , Čavoški Sava , Novović Andrej
Published: June 2016

Background/purpose: This paper discusses the application of ABMS - agent-based modelling and simulation in the analysis of customer behaviour on B2C e-commerce websites as well as in the analysis of various business decisions upon the effects of on-line sales. The continuous development and dynamics in the field of e-commerce requires application of advanced decision-making tools. These tools must be able to process, in a short time period, a large amount of data generated by the e-commerce systems and enable the use of acquired data for making quality business decisions.

Methodology: The methodology of the agent-based simulation used in this paper may significantly enhance the speed and quality of decision making in electronic trade. The models developed for the needs of this research aim to improve the use of practical tools for the evaluation of the B2C online sales systems in that they allow for an investigation into the outcomes of varied strategies in the e-commerce site management as regards customer behaviour, website visits, scope of sales, income earned, etc.

Results: An agent-based simulation model developed for the needs of this research is able to track the interactions of key subjects in online sales: site visitors - prospective consumers, sellers with different business strategies, and suppliers.

Conclusion: Simulation model presented in this paper can be used as a tool to ensure a better insight into the problem of consumer behavior on the Internet. Companies engaged in the B2C e-commerce can use simulation results to better understand their consumers, improve market segmentation and business profitability and test their business policies.
The use of Holt–Winters method for forecasting the amount of sewage inflowing into the wastewater treatment plant in Nowy Sącz
Authors: Wąsik Ewa , Chmielowski Krzysztof
Published: June 2016

The aim of the study was to determine changes of daily amount of sewage inflowing into a wastewater treatment plant in Nowy Sącz in the years 2008-2014. To this end, the data in the form of time series corresponding to the investigated multi-year period were analysed. Daily volume of sewage for annual periods was forecast using a seasonal method of Holt and Winters based on the exponential smoothing algorithms. The model fit to actual daily amount of sewage for 2014 was assessed using linear regression. The results of fit for the additive Holt-Winters model confirmed the usefulness of this tool for forecasting the amount of sewage inflowing into the wastewater treatment plant.
Knowledge of adolescents completing secondary schools concerning genetically modified organisms (GMO)
Authors: Florek-Łuszczki Magdalena , Lachowski Stanisław , Chmielewski Jarosław , Jurkiewicz Anna
Published: June 2016

The objective of the conducted analyses is the evaluation of the level of knowledge concerning the scope of problems related with genetically modified organism (GMO) amongst adolescents completing secondary schools and the determination of the relationship between the level of this knowledge and the selected demographic traits of the adolescents examined.

The scope of problems undertaken was elaborated based on the survey conducted in a group of 500 adolescents from the Lublin Region completing secondary schools, including 250 adolescents attending General Secondary Schools and 250 adolescents attending Agricultural Secondary Technical Schools. The study was conducted by the method of a diagnostic survey, using a questionnaire.

The study showed that the majority of adolescents completing secondary schools were not interested at all in the scope of problems concerning GMO. A large part of the respondents (more than 2/5) had a very low level of knowledge of this problem. The greatest differences in the level of knowledge about GMO were observed in subgroups divided according to the type of school attended by the adolescents (General or Agricultural Technical). Respondents who attended General Secondary Schools showed a better knowledge of theoretical problems, whereas those who attended Secondary Agricultural Technical Schools were better familiarised with practical issues.
Impact of membrane pore structure on protein detection sensitivity of affinity-based immunoassay
Authors: Ahmad A.L. , Ideris N. , Ooi B.S. , Low S.C. , Ismail A.
Published: June 2016

Understanding a membrane’s morphology is important for controlling its final performance during protein immobilization. Porous, symmetric membranes were prepared from a polyvinylidene fluoride/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone solution by phase inversion process, to obtain membrane with various microsized pores. The concentration and surface area of aprotein dotted on the membrane surface were measured by staining with Ponceau S dye. The dotted protein was further scanned and analysed to perform quantitative measurements for relative comparison. The intensity of the red protein spot and its surface area varied depending on the membrane pore size, demonstrating the dependence of protein immobilization on this factor. The membrane with the smallest pore size (M3) showed the highest protein spot intensity and surface area when examined at different protein concentrations. An increase in the applied protein volume showed a linearity proportional trend to the total surface area, and an uneven round dot shape was observed at a large applied volume of protein solution.
Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome-Genetic Consideration
Authors: Tasic Velibor , Gucev Zoran , Polenakovic Momir
Published: June 2016

Nephrotic syndrome is defined as the association of massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. It is separated to steroid-sensitive or steroid-resistant (SRNS) forms in respect to the response to intensive steroid therapy. SRNS usually progresses to end-stage renal failure. According to the North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies SRNS constitutes the second most frequent cause of ESRD in the first two decades of life. Unfortunately, there is no curative treatment for majority of patients. Majority of the SRNS patients have the histologic picture of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Interestingly, the risk of recurrence in the kidney graft in patients with hereditary SRNS is lower than in those who do not have genetic background. The etiology and pathogenesis of SRSN has remained enigma for decades. The discovery of 39 dominant or recessive SRNS genes enabled better understanding of the function of the glomerular podocytes and slit membrane. Hildebrandt′s group has shown that 85% of the SRNS cases with onset by 3 months of age and 66% with onset by 1 year of age can be explained by recessive mutations in one of four genes only (NPHS1, NPHS2, LAMB2, or WT1). The same group used modern diagnostic techniques such as the next generation sequencing and tested a large international cohort of SRNS patients (n = 1783 families). The diagnostic panel included 21 genes with a recessive mode of inheritance and 6 genes with a dominant mode of inheritance. Single-gene cause was detected in 29.5% (526 of 1783) of the families with SRNS that manifested before 25 years of age. The identification of causative single-gene mutations may have important therapeutic consequences in some cases. This is very important for patients who carry mutations in a gene of coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis (COQ2, COQ6, ADCK4, or PDSS2). In these patients the treatment with coenzyme Q10 may be indicated. Also, patients with recessive mutations in PLCE1 may respond fully to the treatment with steroids or cyclosporine A. The patients with CUBN may benefit the treatment with vitamin B12. The detection of causative mutations may also be very important for familial genetic counseling and for prenatal diagnosis.
Non-Tumor Cystic Lesions of the Adrenal Gland
Authors: Janevska Vesna , Janevski Vlado , Stankov Oliver , Spasevska Liljana , Kostadinova-Kunovska Slavica , Zhivadinovik Julija
Published: June 2016

Adrenal cystic lesions are uncommon but due to the improved radiologic imaging techniques their appearance seems to increase.

Material and Methods: We analyzed the clinical and radiological findings of 10 patients with adrenal cysts and the pathological features of the operative material. Standard dissection procedure and paraffin embedded tissue sections were made, stained by HE and immunohistochemically with CD34, CD 31, Factor 8, Podoplanin, CKWS and AE1/AE3

Results: The mean age of the patients was 40.6 years; female to male ratio was 2.3:1. All the cysts were diagnosed as cystic lesions radiologically except one. The most present clinical symptom was abdominal pain.

The diameter of the cysts measured from 2 to 7 cm. Four of the cysts were diagnosed as pseudocysts and six as endothelial. Six cysts were lined by CD34+ and CD31+ cells, four were lined by Factor 8+ and podoplanin+ cells and four had no lining.

Conclusion: Endothelial cysts were more common cysts in our study and the immunohistochemical results suggested common vascular origin to all endothelial cysts and supported additional separation of angiomatous and lymphangiomathous adrenal vascular cysts.
Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Properties between the Fiber-Reinforced Composite and Zirconium Posts
Authors: Jurukovska-Shotarovska Vesna , Kapusevska Biljana
Published: June 2016

Objectives: To make a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties between FRC and zirconium posts

Methods: The patients with FRC and zirconium posts were divided in two groups with three subgroups, each of them composed of 10 samples. Subgroup I with 1.2 mm; Subgroup II with 1.35 mm and Subgroup III with 1.5 mm post diameter. The fracture force, bending and tensile strength of each group were measured with Shimadzu Universal Testing Machine.

Results: The fracture force for the first group measured in the first, second and third subgroup was 34.80900N; 67.15390N; 46.53100N and for the second group, first, second and third subgroup was 34.80900N; 46.53100N; 67.15390N correspondingly. The bending strength for the first group measured in the first, second and third subgroup was 401.4420N; 444.6425N; 333.6828N and for the second group, first, second and third subgroup was 307.9352N; 289.1030N; 304.1649N correspondingly. The tensile strength for the first group measured in the first, second and third subgroup was 5.442267N; 4.350545N; 2.943465N and for the second group, first, second and third subgroup was 4.224141N; 3.751466N; 3.168756N correspondingly.

Conclusions: The longest diameter of the posts significantly increases the resistance to fracture in relation to the two smaller diameters. The larger diameter, the higher values of the bending strength, as well as the lowest values of the tensile strength of the material contribute to improved mechanical properties of the fiber and zirconium posts.
Aufstehen, Hingehen, Treppensteigen – die gesundheitliche Relevanz von Alltagsaktivitäten
Authors: Bucksch Jens , Wallmann-Sperlich Birgit
Published: June 2016

Lange Sitzzeiten und zu wenig Bewegung stellen zentrale Public Health-Probleme dar. Die epidemiologische Studienlage unterstreicht, dass bei einem vorwiegend sitzend geprägten Lebensstil eine Reduzierung und Unterbrechung von Sitzzeiten durch eine Förderung alltäglicher Ativitäten (z.B. Stehen am Arbeitsplatz), präventiv und eigenständig auf viele chronisch-degenerative Erkrankungen und lebensverlängernd wirkt. Public Health Initiativen sollten dies verstärkt berücksichtigen.
Burnout – Einigkeit im Empfinden und Unklarheit im Konzept
Authors: Plaumann Martina , Trenker Madlen , Walter Ulla
Published: June 2016

Von Burnout scheinen vor allem Professionelle im Gesundheits- und Bildungsbereich betroffen zu sein. Es lassen sich personen- und arbeitsplatzbezogene Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren, Folgen sowie Präventionsmaßnahmen unterscheiden. Dennoch liegt weder eine anerkannte Definition zu Burnout noch eine konsentierte Diagnostik vor; bestehende Messinstrumente sowie die Abgrenzung zu Depression werden kritisch betrachtet. Die Konzeptualisierung sollte weiter entwickelt und Langzeitstudien durchgeführt werden.
Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Miloradovic Vladimir , Grubisa Milena
Published: June 2016

A clear distinction between two of the most common forms of dilated cardiomyopathy is very important due to their different prediction and therapeutic approaches. Dobutamine stress echocardiography appears to be a noninvasive selection method due to its clear differentiation potential. Major factors influence test interpretation, resulting in a wide interval of diagnostic accuracy for this test. Fraction flow reserve (FFR) is a novel invasive method for estimating coronary artery stenosis responsible for myocardium ischaemia. Decisions about lesion significance in coronary blood vessels have thus far been based on angiographic estimations, but this approach is being replaced by FFR measurements, which serve as a new gold standard and involve a noninvasive test. The goal of this study was to clearly differentiate two forms of dilated cardiomyopathies through analysis of the segmented mobility of the left ventricular wall. Fifty patients were analysed: 20 with ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy, which was confirmed not only through coronary angiography but also functionally through FFR measurement, and 30 patients with nonischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy, which was confirmed by coronary angiography. A standard dobutamine stress echocardiography protocol was implemented. A positive dobutamine stress echocardiography test was defined as the presence of emerging incidents in segment contractility or worsening of existing incidents in at least one segment. Statistically relevant diff erences in the movement dynamics of a number of differently characterised segments during the observed time intervals (ANOVA p=0.000) was noted in both groups of patients, as was variation in the index value of the summarized mobility of the left chamber wall. In patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathies, regional contractility worsened at the maximum dose of dobutamine; in contrast, this feature slightly improved in nonischaemic cardiomyopathy patients. The results indicate that by analysing segmental motion, these two forms of dilated cardiomyopathies can be differentiated with high sensitivity (Sn=90%) and specificity (Sp=98%), which can be interpreted as concrete evidence of truly ischaemic lesions in coronary blood vessels.
Dynamic Nature of Postpartal Carotid Artery Dissection
Authors: Vukicevic Marjana , Brkic Biljana Georgievski , Ducic Tatjana Jaramaz , Bezmarevic Sanja Trajkovic , Culafic Slobodan
Published: June 2016

Craniocervical carotid artery dissection (CCAD) is an important cause of stroke in young adults, but it has rarely been reported as a cause of stroke in puerperium.

We report the case of a 27-year-old female with a history of migraine who presented with unilateral left headache, transient episodes of dysphasia and right hemiparesis 30 days after vaginal delivery. The first symptoms started six days after the prolonged childbirth. The first magnetic resonance angiography revealed dissection in the supraclinoid and a cavernous segment of the left Internal carotid artery (ICA). We followed up the patient for two years and she had an unstable course. During this time, she had occlusion of the supraclinoid segment of the left ICA, with caudal extension on the extracranial segment and recanalisation one month later. Two months later, she had intracranial extension with dissection of the left anterior cerebral artery. During this time, she suffered from two strokes with minimal neurological impairment and good clinical recovery.

The pathophysiology of CCAD appears to be multifactorial. Vessel wall injury related to the Valsalva manoeuvre during labour, as well as hemodynamic and hormonal changes of the vessel wall related to pregnancy in a patient with a history of migraine, may be causes of postpartum spontaneous craniocervical artery dissection in healthy women.
Berufliche Multilokalität und politische Partizipation: Warum Shuttles an ihrem Arbeitsort aktiv werden
Authors: Petzold Knut
Published: June 2016

Der Beitrag untersucht, ob und warum beruflich multilokalisierte Akteure (hier Shuttles) an ihrem Arbeitsort folgende politische Aktivitäten zeigen: Parteimitgliedschaft oder Bürgerinitiative, Teilnahme an politischen Veranstaltungen und lokale Spenden. Auf der Basis der Theorien Hirschmans, Olsons und Ajzens werden Hypothesen abgeleitet und im Rahmen einer multivariaten Vergleichsgruppenanalyse vorläufig geprüft. Es werden Daten einer Onlineerhebung unter den Nutzern einer Internetplattform für Mitfahrgelegenheiten und eines Businessnetzwerks genutzt. Es zeigt sich, dass auch Shuttles politisch aktiv sind, wobei sie insgesamt wenig zeitintensive Aktivitäten bevorzugen. Im Vergleich zu Locals scheint die politische Aktivität von Shuttles ausserdem stärker auf selektiven Anreizen zu beruhen.
A Novel Quasi-3D Method for Cascade Flow Considering Axial Velocity Density Ratio
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Zhou Ming , Xu Quanyong , Huang Xudong
Published: June 2016

A novel quasi-3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method of mid-span flow simulation for compressor cascades is proposed. Two dimension (2D) Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method is shown facing challenge in predicting mid-span flow with a unity Axial Velocity Density Ratio (AVDR). Three dimension (3D) RANS solution also shows distinct discrepancies if the AVDR is not predicted correctly. In this paper, 2D and 3D CFD results discrepancies are analyzed and a novel quasi-3D CFD method is proposed. The new quasi-3D model is derived by reducing 3D RANS Finite Volume Method (FVM) discretization over a one-spanwise-layer structured mesh cell. The sidewall effect is considered by two parts. The first part is explicit interface fluxes of mass, momentum and energy as well as turbulence. The second part is a cell boundary scaling factor representing sidewall boundary layer contraction. The performance of the novel quasi-3D method is validated on mid-span pressure distribution, pressure loss and shock prediction of two typical cascades. The results show good agreement with the experiment data on cascade SJ301-20 and cascade AC6-10 at all test condition. The proposed quasi-3D method shows superior accuracy over traditional 2D RANS method and 3D RANS method in performance prediction of compressor cascade.
Tempo in Baroque Music and Dance
Authors: Coorevits Esther , Moelants Dirk
Published: June 2016

Growing interest in studies on the relationship between music and movement has given rise to many paradigms and theories, including embodied approaches that provide interesting methodologies in studies on music and dance. Insight into the relation between dance and music is particularly important for the Baroque period, as a direct connection between music and dance was omnipresent, even if music was not used to dance to. Many types of Baroque dances existed, each of them with particular dance steps and a specific character, requiring a specific tempo. However, in music performance practice today, the link with the original dance movement is often lost and the tempo variation can be very large. The aim of this study is to compare the interpretations of dancers and musicians regarding Baroque music and dance in an experimental setting. First, we investigate the influence of dance movement on the musical interpretation of a series of Baroque dances. The pieces were recorded both with and without dance accompaniment and the tempo and timing in the different versions were compared. In the second part, dancers performed a particular choreography to music that varied in tempo. Video analysis and questionnaire data were used to evaluate the different performances. The results were compared with the tempi of music recordings of the same dance types, showing a clear difference between music and dance performance. Musicians adapt their interpretation when performing together with the dancers, and the optimal tempo range found for certain Baroque dances coincides only partly with the tempi commonly found in music recordings. The direct link between music and movement and its mutual influence illustrates the importance of an embodied approach in music performance, where in this case dance movement gives concrete information for a “historically informed” performance.
Long noncoding RNA EGOT negatively affects the antiviral response and favors HCV replication
Authors: Carnero Elena , Barriocanal Marina , Prior Celia , Pablo Unfried Juan , Segura Victor , Guruceaga Elizabeth , Enguita Mónica , Smerdou Cristian , Gastaminza Pablo , Fortes Puri
Published: June 2016

The role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in viral infection is poorly studied. We have identified hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐Stimulated lncRNAs (CSRs) by transcriptome analysis. Interestingly, two of these CSRs (PVT1 and UCA1) play relevant roles in tumorigenesis, providing a novel link between HCV infection and development of liver tumors. Expression of some CSRs seems induced directly by HCV, while others are upregulated by the antiviral response against the virus. In fact, activation of pathogen sensors induces the expression of CSR32/EGOT. RIG‐I and the RNA‐activated kinase PKR sense HCV RNA, activate NF‐κB and upregulate EGOT. EGOT is increased in the liver of patients infected with HCV and after infection with influenza or Semliki Forest virus (SFV). Genome‐wide guilt‐by‐association studies predict that EGOT may function as a negative regulator of the antiviral pathway. Accordingly, EGOT depletion increases the expression of several interferon‐stimulated genes and leads to decreased replication of HCV and SFV. Our results suggest that EGOT is a lncRNA induced after infection that increases viral replication by antagonizing the antiviral response.
Emergency Department Utilization Report to Decrease Visits by Pediatric Gastroenterology Patients
Authors: Lee Jarone , Greenspan Peter T. , Israel Esther , Katz Aubrey , Fasano Alessio , Kaafarani Haytham M.A. , Linov Pamela L. , Raja Ali S. , Rao Sandhya K.
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Emergency department (ED) utilization is a major driver of health care costs. Specialist physicians have an important role in addressing ED utilization, especially at highly specialized, academic medical centers. We sought to investigate whether reporting of ED utilization to specialist physicians can decrease ED visits.

METHODS:

This study analyzed an intervention to reduce ED utilization among ED patients who were followed by pediatric gastroenterologists. In May 2013, each pediatric gastroenterologist began receiving reports with rates of ED use by their patients. The reports generated discussion that resulted in a cultural and process change in which patients with urgent gastrointestinal (GI)-related complaints were preferentially seen in the office. Using control charts, we examined GI-related and all-diagnoses ED use over a 2-year period.

RESULTS:

The rate of GI-related ED visits decreased by 60% after the intervention, from 4.89 to 1.95 per 1000 office visits (P < .001). Similarly, rates of GI-related ED visits during office hours decreased by 59% from 2.19 to 0.89 per 1000 (P < .001). Rates of all-diagnoses ED visits did not change.

CONCLUSIONS:

Physician-level reporting of ED utilization to pediatric gastroenterologists was associated with physician engagement and a cultural and process change to preferentially treat patients with urgent issues in the office.
Multi-Site Expansion of an Early Childhood Intervention and School Readiness
Authors: Reynolds Arthur J. , Richardson Brandt A. , Hayakawa Momoko , Englund Michelle M. , Ou Suh-Ruu
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate the impacts of the expansion of an evidence-based full- and part-day early childhood development program on multiple indicators of school readiness, attendance, and parental involvement for a large cohort of low-income children.

METHODS:

This study involved the end-of-preschool follow-up of a nonrandomized, matched-group cohort of 2630 predominantly low-income, ethnic minority children who enrolled in the Midwest Child–Parent Centers (CPC) or alternative preschools in the fall of 2012 in 31 schools in Chicago, Illinois. The program provides comprehensive education, family support, and health services. In the preschool component assessed in this study, 1724 children aged 3 to 4 years in all 16 Chicago centers enrolled in the program. The comparison group included 906 children of the same age who participated in the usual preschool services in 14 matched schools.

RESULTS:

Relative to the comparison group who enrolled in the usual preschool services and adjusted for covariates, CPC participants had higher mean scores on all performance-based assessments of literacy (59.4 vs 52.4; P = .001), socioemotional development (57.0 vs 51.8; P = .001), and physical health (34.5 vs 32.1; P = .001). They also had higher ratings of parental involvement in school (5.3 vs 4.0; P = .04). Group differences also translated into higher rates of meeting national assessment norms. Program estimates were similar for children attending new and established CPCs and according to age, race/ethnicity, and family income status.

CONCLUSIONS:

The findings show that expansion of the program to new schools and more diverse populations is feasible and effective in promoting school readiness skills and parental involvement.
Using Concept Maps to Create Meaningful Learning in Medical Education
Authors: Daley Barbara J. , Durning Steven J. , Torre Dario M.
Published: June 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. After defining concept maps, we will present the historical development and theoretical foundations of concept maps derived from disciplines outside of medical education. With this foundation and based on the scoping review conducted, the major focus of this article will shift to the application of concept mapping in medical education. We have selected instructional strategies and sample maps for three contemporary challenges facing medical education to illustrate the portability and broad application of concept maps: 1. linking basic sciences and clinical practice, 2. developing clinical reasoning, and, 3. interprofessional and group learning. Finally, future research studies in concept mapping are suggested.
Distribution and Biomass Allocation in Relation to Depth of Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus) in the Detroit Lakes, Minnesota
Authors: Madsen John D. , Wersal Ryan M. , Marko Michelle D.
Published: June 2016

The Detroit Lakes chain of lakes consists of five basins in northwest Minnesota adjacent to the town of Detroit Lakes. Flowering rush has been established in these basins since the 1960s. We evaluated the distribution of flowering rush in the five basins using a point intercept method, with 830 points distributed in a grid with points 150 m apart. These data were analyzed to determine whether invasive and native species frequencies were different between 2010 and 2011. We also assessed co-occurrence of flowering rush with native hardstem bulrush. The distribution of both flowering rush and hardstem bulrush was unchanged from 2010 to 2011. Flowering rush is invading areas with native plants and not establishing in unvegetated areas. Although flowering rush is found as deep as 4.5 m, it is most frequent at a depth of 1.3 m. We also examined the distribution of biomass and growth across a depth gradient from 0.3 to 3.0 m in 0.3-m intervals. At each 0.3-m interval, three biomass samples were collected at each of 10 transects for a total of 30 samples per depth interval or 300 biomass samples. At each point, leaf height, emergent leaf height, water depth, number of ramets, and number of rhizome buds were counted. Biomass samples were collected in a 0.018-m2 core sampler, sorted to shoots and belowground biomass. We found that flowering rush height and biomass peaked at 1.3 m and declined with greater depth. Bud density was negatively related to water depth. Bud density averaged 300 buds m–2, which was three times the average ramet density (100 ramets m–2).
Current and Emerging Therapies for Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Parikh Samir V. , Rovin Brad H.
Published: June 2016

The introduction of corticosteroids and later, cyclophosphamide dramatically improved survival in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis, and combined administration of these agents became the standard-of-care treatment for this disease. However, treatment failures were still common and the rate of progression to ESRD remained unacceptably high. Additionally, treatment was associated with significant morbidity. Therefore, as patient survival improved, the goals for advancing lupus nephritis treatment shifted to identifying therapies that could improve long-term renal outcomes and minimize treatment-related toxicity. Unfortunately, progress has been slow and the current approaches to the management of lupus nephritis continue to rely on high-dose corticosteroids plus a broad-spectrum immunosuppressive agent. Over the past decade, an improved understanding of lupus nephritis pathogenesis fueled several clinical trials of novel drugs, but none have been found to be superior to the combination of a cytotoxic agent and corticosteroids. Despite these trial failures, efforts to translate mechanistic advances into new treatment approaches continue. In this review, we discuss current therapeutic strategies for lupus nephritis, briefly review recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease, and describe emerging approaches developed on the basis of these advances that promise to improve upon the standard-of-care lupus nephritis treatments.
Lei e liberdade em Assembleia de mulheres de Aristófanes
Authors: Drumond Greice
Published: June 2016

Neste artigo, visamos apresentar uma análise das noções de liberdade, individualidade e democracia encontradas na composição aristofânica Assembleia de Mulheres. Examinando os elementos históricos e dramáticos representados nessa comédia, buscamos compreender o uso que o comediógrafo faz desses constituintes, visto que, além de compor o tema dessa peça opondo a ideia de liberdade ao que é estabelecido pelas leis da pólis, o poeta desenvolveu esse enredo com liberdade artística, redefinindo os parâmetros da sua arte.
Sobre el deseo o la búsqueda del fruto prohibido: comentario sobre "Las historias prohibidas de Marta Veranda" de Sonia Rivera-Valdés (Premio Casa de las Américas de Literatura Hispana de EE.UU. en 1997)
Authors: Doménech Delgado Blanca
Published: June 2016

Comentario
El lado oscuro de la mujer en la investigación científica: ¿es la ciencia "empresa" masculina?
Authors: Agudo Arroyo Yolanda
Published: June 2016

En este artículo se examina el debate que ha surgido en torno al concepto de ciencia,

con la intención de evidenciar el lado oscuro e invisible en el que se ha mantenido a la mujer desde este ámbito. El punto de referencia de esta reflexión, principalmente, se sustenta en la crítica que, desde diversas perspectivas teóricas feministas, suscita la “construcción social de la ciencia”. Se aborda, en primer lugar, la discriminación de la mujer en la estructura social de la ciencia y en el objeto de estudio de ésta y, a continuación, los supuestos rectores del pensamiento occidental que constituyen la referencia de la misma. Todo ello se presenta sin ignorar la evidencia empírica que muestra el gran impacto producido en la sociedad por la incorporación de la mujer a la vida social en las últimas décadas. Lo que muestra la necesidad de abordar este hecho desde la universidad a través de los estudios de género.

 
Educación superior y segregación de género: órganos unipersonales de la Universidad de León
Authors: Rodríguez Pacios Adelina
Published: June 2016

Diversos estudios realizados en diferentes universidades españolas ponen de relieve la subrepresentación femenina en los ámbitos universitario y científico. Esta es una realidad no sólo en las universidades españolas, sino también en los países europeos de nuestro entorno. En esta misma línea se encuentra la Universidad de León. Si es escasa la presencia de mujeres en el grupo de Personal Docente e Investigador (38,15% del total), más notable es la ausencia dentro de los órganos unipersonales de gobierno, de representación y consulta de la Universidad (24,48%); de las Facultades y Escuelas (31,25% y 10,54%, respectivamente) y de los Departamentos (41,68%). En este artículo se hace una descripción de esta realidad, apoyándonos en los datos proporcionados por la propia Universidad de León en su página web, intentando buscar las causas que producen dicha situación.

 
Profesoras en el tercer ciclo universitario y en los postgrados sobre EEMM
Authors: De Torres Ramírez Isabel
Published: June 2016

En este artículo se analiza la presencia de las mujeres en la universidad española, dentro de la enseñanza y la investigación llevada a cabo en el tercer ciclo de los estudios universitarios y en los programas de postgrado que se llevan a cabo dentro del área de conocimiento Estudios de las Mujeres. El objetivo concreto que se persigue es estudiar la presencia de profesoras en los programas de doctorado, en la dirección y en los tribunales de tesis y también en los másters, programas expertos/as y de especialistas vigentes durante el curso 2005-2006.
Convergencia entre el conocimiento, el contexto y la perspectiva de humanidad	para la reforma curricular en la universidad la gran colombia - armenia: Relato de una experiencia
Authors: Vélez Medina Bibiana , Cifuentes Wchima Ximena , Montoya López Jairo
Published: June 2016

En términos generales, se observa que los currículos en la Educación Superior del país han surgido a partir del conocimiento que determinadosÂ  gremios específicos legitiman y validan como saber disciplinar necesario para la formación de los futuros profesionales. Sin embargo, la dificultad para la auto-crítica en la cual se ha sumido la Universidad moderna (Lyotard, 2000 y De Zubiría, 2007)Â  ha conducido a que los currículos actuales sean réplicas de los problemas estructurales de organización del conocimiento mono-disciplinar y universalizante, con una consecuente fragmentación, hiperespecialización, desactualización, y poca pertinencia. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, la UniversidadÂ  La Gran Colombia - Armenia ha adelantado un proceso de re-organización curricular soportada desde tres aspectos que dan un sustento sistémico, si se puede afirmar post-metafísico, a la estructuración académica; ellos son: el conocimiento y su episteme, el contexto en el tiempo presente y la necesidad de trazar una nueva perspectiva de humanidad. A partir de este ejercicio desarrollado a través de Comunidades Académicas para lograr una educación pertinente en el tiempo contemporáneo, se redefine el escenario de formación para nuestros estudiantes.Como resultado de la articulación de esta triada y en analogía con las â€œcuencas del conocimientoâ€ en las cuales converge cada uno de los ejes planteados, surgen nuevas condiciones de posibilidad para que la Universidad defina su rediseño curricular, y con con base en este la estructura académica, los perfiles de estudiantes y egresados, las políticas deProyección Social, Investigación y Formación, en las cuales se evidencia una postura integral que supera la mirada centrada en lo disciplinar para abordar con mayor pertinencia la responsabilidad Universitaria frente a la formación de profesionales. Este ejercicio además, nos ha permitido avanzar en la cualificación del aula como escenario primordial en el cual confluye la triada planteada, y se articula todo el proceso educativo.
De la culpa indeleble a la justicia en la orestía de esquilo
Authors: Castrillón Ramírez Carlos Alberto , Acevedo Carvajal Juan Manuel
Published: June 2016

La cultura occidental, tal y como la conocemos, tiene su origen en la antigua cultura griega, de los griegos heredamosÂ los principios morales que rigen a la sociedad moderna, pero dichos principios no siempre fueron racionales, algunos deÂ ellos encontraron su fundamento en la mitología y en las creencias religiosas de los helenos. El presente articulo presentaÂ la discusión moral entre lo divino y lo humano, a partir de los preceptos de VergÃ¼enza y Culpa que se evidencian enÂ La Orestía de Esquilo, y que tienen como correlato la posterior cultura de la culpabilidad instaurada por el cristianismo.
Análisis de la intermediación financiera en el escenario de las crisis de los siglos xx y xx
Authors: García Díaz Carlos Mario , Cárdenas  Sánchez Giovanny Alexander , Molina Rodríguez Carlos Hernando
Published: June 2016

Este documento tiene como propósito el estudio del concepto de intermediación financiera y la contextualización del mismo en el entorno de algunas de las crisis financieras de los siglos XX y XXI.En la primera parte se presenta un breve marco teórico de la intermediación financiera, desde el punto de vista de la asimetría de la información, la innovación financiera y la gestión del riesgo; e igualmente se expone el concepto de margen de intermediación.En una segunda parte se describen algunas de las principales crisis financieras dadas en los siglos XX y XXI, tanto nacionales como internacionales, con el propósito de analizar el desempeño de la intermediación financiera durante su desarrollo. También se establecen relaciones y grado de influencia entre las políticas financieras y el comportamiento de los intermediarios.
Análisis de una zona de confluencia de un sistema vial a través de modelos de simulación: un caso particular
Authors: Fernandéz  Henao Sergio Augusto , Arias Montoya Leonel , Portilla de Arias Liliana Margarita
Published: June 2016

Esta investigación se enfoca en el análisis del comportamiento del tráfico vehicular mediante la simulación de escenarios reales, con el objetivo de ilustrar las ventajas estadísticas que trae consigo la simulación, de tal manera que se pueda caracterizar la situación actual yÂ  buscar un mejoramiento del flujo vehicular en un tiempo razonable y con costos bajos. Para ello, se ilustra en este documento la simulación de un caso particular que comprende el circuito enmarcado en la carrera 7Âª entre calles 15 y 20 de la ciudad de Pereira, en el cual se introducen variables relevantes, tales como: Tiempos de ciclos de los semáforos, los desfases de tiempos entre estos, entradas promedio de vehículos al circuito, entre otras. Estas variables se obtuvieron presencialmente en el circuito de estudio a distintas horas del día y todos los días de la semana exceptuando los días domingos, esto con el fin de obtener promedios que abarcaran las horas pico y las horas llano de la congestión vehicular del sistema evaluado. Una vez obtenidos los valores, se elaboró el modelo de simulación y se corrió en un software especializado. Los resultados obtenidos se contrastaron con la realidad, logrando un porcentaje promedio de error del 5,71%. Finalmente se plantearon diferentes programaciones de tiempos y sus desfases, con el fin de encontrar un modelo que mejore el sistema actual de la población objetivo. Logrando así, una configuración que genera un mejoramiento aproximado del 13% en el flujo vehicular para el circuito analizado.
Margaret Cavendish y sus Atomic poems (1653): fusión revolucionaria de ciencia y literatura
Authors: RIVAS CARMONA M. del Mar
Published: June 2016

Margaret Cavendish, Duquesa de Newcastle, fue una personalidad descollante en el XVII no sólo como escritora, sino también como creadora de una teoría científica. Sin duda, en ambas labores fueron determinantes tanto sus experiencias vitales como el contexto histórico en que vivió (Bazeley 1990). Su obra se convierte en una respuesta a las tensiones culturales y sociales de la época y en una reivindicación de los derechos de la mujer (Charlton 2002). Es más, su teoría científica, que se aleja del mecanicismo de Hobbes y Descartes, está caracterizada por poseer una “visión femenina” de la ciencia (Rees 2003). Es la única mujer que ofreció entonces su propia visión utópica del mundo y dedicó su labor literaria a cuestiones científicas. En este marco se enmarcan sus Poemas atómicos (1653), mezcla de literatura y ciencia. El presente trabajo pretende ofrecer las claves para entender estos poemas, aparentemente confusos y absurdos, desde el contexto histórico de la Nueva Ciencia del XVII. Una lectura actual basada en los conocimientos científicos del siglo XXI, aparte de carecer de sentido, haría parecer a la autora una ilusa visionaria. En realidad, Cavendish es la fusión perfecta entre literatura, ciencia, ficción y feminismo.