bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Chemotherapeutic Agent to Treat Tumors with DNA Mismatch Repair Deficiencies
Authors: Zhang Yongliang , Fox Jennifer T. , Park Young-Un , Elliott Gene , Rai Ganesha , Cai Mengli , Sakamuru Srilatha , Huang Ruili , Xia Menghang , Lee Kyeryoung , Jeon Min Ho , Mathew Bijoy P. , Park Hee Dong , Edelmann Winfried , Park Chan Young , Hong Sung You , Maloney David , Myung Kyungjae
Published: June 2016

Impairing the division of cancer cells with genotoxic small molecules has been a primary goal to develop chemotherapeutic agents. However, DNA mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient cancer cells are resistant to most conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Here we have identified baicalein as a small molecule that selectively kills MutSα-deficient cancer cells. Baicalein binds preferentially to mismatched DNA and induces a DNA damage response in a MMR-dependent manner. In MutSα-proficient cells, baicalein binds to MutSα to dissociate CHK2 from MutSα leading to S-phase arrest and cell survival. In contrast, continued replication in the presence of baicalein in MutSα-deficient cells results in a high number of DNA double-strand breaks and ultimately leads to apoptosis. Consistently, baicalein specifically shrinks MutSα-deficient xenograft tumors and inhibits the growth of AOM-DSS–induced colon tumors in colon-specific MSH2 knockout mice. Collectively, baicalein offers the potential of an improved treatment option for patients with tumors with a DNA MMR deficiency. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4183–91. ©2016 AACR.
AIMP2 Controls Intestinal Stem Cell Compartments and Tumorigenesis by Modulating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Yum Min Kyu , Kang Jong-Seol , Lee Al-Eum , Jo Young-Woo , Seo Ji-Yun , Kim Hyun-A , Kim Yoon-Young , Seong Jinwoo , Lee Eun Byul , Kim Ji-Hoon , Han Jung Min , Kim Sunghoon , Kong Young-Yun
Published: June 2016

Wnt/β-catenin (CTNNB1) signaling is crucial for the proliferation and maintenance of intestinal stem cells (ISC), but excessive activation leads to ISC expansion and eventually colorectal cancer. Thus, negative regulators are required to maintain optimal levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase–interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMP) function in protein synthesis, but have also been implicated in signaling cascades affecting angiogenesis, immunity, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the relationship between AIMP2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in a murine model of intestinal homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Hemizygous deletion of Aimp2 resulted in enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling, increased proliferation of cryptic epithelial cells, and expansion of ISC compartments. In an ApcMin/+ background, Aimp2 hemizygosity increased adenoma formation. Mechanistically, AIMP2 disrupted the interaction between AXIN and Dishevelled-1 (DVL1) to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling by competing with AXIN. Furthermore, AIMP2 inhibited intestinal organoid formation and growth by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling in an Aimp2 gene dosage-dependent manner. Collectively, our results showed that AIMP2 acts as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor that fine-tunes Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the intestine, illuminating the regulation of ISC abundance and activity. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4559–68. ©2016 AACR.
Interferon-γ Production by Peripheral Lymphocytes Predicts Survival of Tumor-Bearing Mice Receiving Dual PD-1/CTLA-4 Blockade
Authors: McNamara Michael J. , Hilgart-Martiszus Ian , Barragan Echenique Diego M. , Linch Stefanie N. , Kasiewicz Melissa J. , Redmond William L.
Published: June 2016

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are transforming the way cancer is treated. However, these therapies do not benefit all patients and frequently cause significant immune-related adverse events. Biomarkers that identify patients with a favorable early response to therapy are essential for guiding treatment decisions and improving patient outcomes. In this report of our study, we present evidence that shortly after administration of dual PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade, the proinflammatory capacity of peripheral lymphocytes is predictive of tumor progression and survival outcomes in multiple murine models. Specifically, we observed that the quantity of interferon-γ (IFNγ) produced by peripheral lymphocytes in response to CD3/CD28 stimulation was robustly correlated with subsequent survival outcomes. In the tumor models and early time points assessed in this study, this relationship was considerably more predictive than a host of other potential biomarkers, several of which have been previously reported. Overall, these findings suggest that measuring the capacity of peripheral lymphocytes to produce IFNγ may help identify which patients are benefitting from combination anti–PD-1/anti–CTLA-4 immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(8); 650–7. ©2016 AACR.
LACK OF ANNUAL PERIODICITY IN CAMBIAL PRODUCTION OF PHLOEM IN TREES FROM MEDITERRANEAN AREAS
Authors: Gričar Jožica , Prislan Peter , De Luis Martin , Novak Klemen , Longares Luis Alberto , del Castillo Edurne Martinez , Čufar Katarina
Published: June 2016

Annual periodicity of cambium production of xylem and phloem cells has rarely been compared in trees from different environments. We compared the structure of cambium and the youngest xylem and phloem increments in four tree species, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus halepensis, from nine temperate and Mediterranean sites in Slovenia and Spain. In Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica from temperate locations in Slovenia, xylem and phloem growth ring boundaries could be identified. In Fagus sylvatica growing at two elevations on Moncayo mountain, Spain, phloem increment consisted of only early phloem. In Pinus sylvestris from the same two sites, growth ring boundaries were not as clear as in temperate Slovenian sites. In some cases we could identify phloem growth ring boundaries but in others it was very doubtful, which could be explained by collapse of the outermost early phloem sieve cells. In Pinus halepensis from all sites, we could only distinguish between collapsed and non-collapsed phloem, while phloem rings could not be identified. Widths of the youngest phloem and xylem annual increments could only be compared when phloem increments could be clearly defined, as with Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris from temperate sites. The visibility of the growth ring boundary in phloem was not related to the width of annual radial growth. The correlation between xylem and phloem ring widths was high, but moderate between the number of dormant cambial cells and xylem ring and phloem ring widths. Based on the structure of the youngest phloem increments, we concluded that there is no typical annual periodicity in cambial production of phloem cells in trees from certain Mediterranean sites. This may be due to continuous yearlong cell production and the absence of true cambium dormancy, at least on the phloem side, under mild winter conditions.
Concentration of Positive Ground State Solutions for Schrödinger–Maxwell Systems with Critical Growth
Authors: Yang Minbo
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we study the following Schrödinger–Maxwell system with critical exponents in

ℝ
3

${\mathbb{R}^{3}}$

:

{

-

ε
2

⁢
Δ
⁢
u

+

V
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u

+

K
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
ϕ
⁢
u

=

P
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
g
⁢

(
u
)

+

Q
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

|
u
|

4

⁢
u

,

-

ε
2

⁢
Δ
⁢
ϕ

=

K
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u
2

.

$\left\{\begin{aligned} &\displaystyle{-}\varepsilon^{2}\Delta u+V(x)u+K(x)\phi u% =P(x)g(u)+Q(x)|u|^{4}u,\\ &\displaystyle{-}\varepsilon^{2}\Delta\phi=K(x)u^{2}.\end{aligned}\right.$

Under suitable assumptions on the potentials

V
⁢

(
x
)

${V(x)}$

,

K
⁢

(
x
)

${K(x)}$

,

P
⁢

(
x
)

${P(x)}$

and

Q
⁢

(
x
)

${Q(x)}$

, we are able to prove the existence of semiclassical ground state solutions

(

u
ε

,

ϕ
ε

)

${(u_{\varepsilon},\phi_{\varepsilon})}$

with the maximum points

x
ε

${x_{\varepsilon}}$

of

u
ε

${u_{\varepsilon}}$

concentrating at a special set M described by these potential functions. Moreover, setting

v
ε

⁢

(
x
)

:=

u
ε

⁢

(

ε
⁢
x

+

x
ε

)

${v_{\varepsilon}(x):=u_{\varepsilon}(\varepsilon x+x_{\varepsilon})}$

for any sequence

x
ε

→

x
0

∈
M

${x_{\varepsilon}\to x_{0}\in M}$

, the solutions

(

v
ε

,

ϕ
ε

)

${(v_{\varepsilon},\phi_{\varepsilon})}$

converge strongly in

H
1

⁢

(

ℝ
3

)

${H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{3})}$

to a solution

(
u
,
ϕ
)

${(u,\phi)}$

of

{

-

Δ
⁢
v

+

V
⁢

(

x
0

)

⁢
v

+

K
⁢

(

x
0

)

⁢
ϕ
⁢
v

=

P
⁢

(

x
0

)

⁢
g
⁢

(
v
)

+

Q
⁢

(

x
0

)

⁢

|
v
|

4

⁢
v

,

-

Δ
⁢
ϕ

=

K
⁢

(

x
0

)

⁢

v
2

.

$\left\{\begin{aligned} &\displaystyle{-}\Delta v+V(x_{0})v+K(x_{0})\phi v=P(x_% {0})g(v)+Q(x_{0})|v|^{4}v,\\ &\displaystyle{-}\Delta\phi=K(x_{0})v^{2}.\end{aligned}\right.$
Molecular mechanisms redirecting the GLP-1 receptor signalling profile in pancreatic β-cells during type 2 diabetes
Authors: Roussel Morgane , Mathieu Julia , Dalle Stéphane
Published: June 2016

Treatments with β-cell preserving properties are essential for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the new therapeutic avenues, developed over the last years, rely on the physiological role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Sustained pharmacological levels of GLP-1 are achieved by subcutaneous administration of GLP-1 analogues, while transient and lower physiological levels of GLP-1 are attained following treatment with inhibitors of dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (DPP4), an endoprotease which degrades the peptide. Both therapeutic classes display a sustained and durable hypoglycaemic action in patients with T2D. However, the GLP-1 incretin effect is known to be reduced in patients with T2D, and GLP-1 analogues and DPP4 inhibitors were shown to lose their effectiveness over time in some patients. The pathological mechanisms behind these observations can be either a decrease in GLP-1 secretion from intestinal L-cells and, as a consequence, a reduction in GLP-1 plasma concentrations, combined or not with a reduced action of GLP-1 in the β-cell, the so-called GLP-1 resistance. Much evidence for a GLP-1 resistance of the β-cell in subjects with T2D have emerged. Here, we review the potential roles of the genetic background, the hyperglycaemia, the hyperlipidaemia, the prostaglandin E receptor 3, the nuclear glucocorticoid receptor, the GLP-1R desensitization and internalisation processes, and the β-arrestin-1 expression levels on GLP-1 resistance in β-cells during T2D.
Investigations on Surface Roughness Measurement in Minimum Quantity Lubrication Turning of Titanium Alloys Using Response Surface Methodology and Box–Cox Transformation
Authors: Gupta Munish Kumar , Sood P. K. , Sharma Vishal S.
Published: June 2016

In the present work, an attempt has been made to establish the accurate surface roughness (Ra, Rq and Rz) prediction model using response surface methodology with Box–Cox transformation in turning of Titanium (Grade-II) under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions. This surface roughness model has been developed in terms of machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and approach angle. Firstly, some experiments are designed and conducted to determine the optimal MQL parameters of lubricant flow rate, input pressure and compressed air flow rate. After analyzing the MQL parameter, the final experiments are performed with cubic boron nitride (CBN) tool to optimize the machining parameters for surface roughness values i. e., Ra, Rq and Rz using desirability analysis. The outcomes demonstrate that the feed rate is the most influencing factor in the surface roughness values as compared to cutting speed and approach angle. The predicted results are fairly close to experimental values and hence, the developed models using Box-Cox transformation can be used for prediction satisfactorily.
HMGB1, nucleosomes and sRAGE as new prognostic serum markers after multiple trauma
Authors: Stahl Juliane Barbara , Hoecherl Eduard F. , Durner Jürgen , Nagel Dorothea , Wolf Konrad , Holdenrieder Stefan
Published: June 2016

Background: The prognostic relevance of blood markers in multiple trauma is still a matter of controversial debate. Besides clinical scores new biomarkers indicating the disease severity and the prognosis during the first hours of therapy are highly needed to improve individual patient management.

Methods: In prospectively collected sera of 164 patients, among them 115 with multiple trauma, the values of circulating nucleosomes, high-mobility-group-box protein 1 (HMGB1) and soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) were determined at time of admission to the resuscitation room. Disease severity and clinical status were quantified by injury severity score (ISS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). As controls, 24 patients with femoral neck fractures and 25 patients with ankle fractures (AFs) were included.

Results: Patients with severe multiple trauma (SMT) showed significantly higher HMGB1 and sRAGE levels than patients with moderate trauma and single fractures. Interestingly, HMGB1 and nucleosomes (R=0.56; p<0.01) as well as HMGB1 and sRAGE (R=0.44; p<0.01) correlated significantly with each other. In multiple trauma patients, high HMGB1 and sRAGE levels were significantly associated with more severe trauma according ISS (both p<0.01) and more severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) (GCS≤8; both p<0.01). Thirteen of the multiple injured patients died during the first week after trauma. Non-surviving patients showed significantly higher values of HMGB1, nucleosomes, and sRAGE than survivors (p<0.01; p=0.01; p=0.02). Best prediction of first-week mortality was obtained in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for HMGB1 that yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 90.6%.

Conclusions: HMGB1, nucleosomes and sRAGE are valuable biomarkers indicating trauma severity and prognosis of trauma patients.
Impact of rest breaks on musculoskeletal discomfort of Chikan embroiderers of West Bengal, India: a follow up field study
Authors: Chakrabarty Sabarni , Sarkar Krishnendu , Dev Samrat , Das Tamal , Mitra Kalpita , Sahu Subhashis , Gangopadhyay Somnath
Published: June 2016

Objectives

This study aimed to determine risk factors that predict musculoskeletal discomfort in Chikan embroiderers of West Bengal, India, and to compare the effect of two rest break schedules to reduce these symptoms.

Methods

The Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was performed on 400 Chikan embroiderers at baseline containing questions on job autonomy, working behavior, and work stress factors. Relative risk was calculated to identify prognostic factors for musculoskeletal discomfort in different body regions. Two groups of workers received two rest break schedules for 4 months and compared in a between‐subject design. Outcome variables were scores of Body Part Discomfort (BPD) scale.

Results

Chikan embroiderers are afflicted with musculoskeletal discomfort mainly in the lower back, neck/shoulder and wrist/forearm region, which is attributed to their prolonged working timeinvolving hands and wrists, being in a static seating posture. Rigidity in working methods, prolonged working time, inadequate rest break during the working day, dissatisfaction regarding earning, monotonous work, static sitting posture, and repetitive movement of wrist and forearm were the significant predictors of these symptom developments. Rest break schedule 1 with more frequent and shorter breaks had more significant improvement on the severity of these musculoskeletal discomforts.

Conclusions

Chikan embroiderers perform a highly dreary occupation and various ergonomics conditions work as predictors for developing musculoskeletal discomforts among them. Design of proper rest break schedule involving shorter and frequent breaks was competent for reducing these discomforts to a certain extent.
Validity and reproducibility of self‐reported working hours among Japanese male employees
Authors: Imai Teppei , Kuwahara Keisuke , Miyamoto Toshiaki , Okazaki Hiroko , Nishihara Akiko , Kabe Isamu , Mizoue Tetsuya , Dohi Seitaro ,   Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study Group
Published: June 2016

Objective

Working long hours is a potential health hazard. Although self‐reporting of working hours in various time frames has been used in epidemiologic studies, its validity is unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the validity and reproducibility of self‐reported working hours among Japanese male employees.

Methods

The participants were 164 male employees of four large‐scale companies in Japan. For validity, the Spearman correlation between self‐reported working hours in the second survey and the working hours recorded by the company was calculated for the following four time frames: daily working hours, monthly overtime working hours in the last month, average overtime working hours in the last 3 months, and the frequency of long working months (>45 h/month) within the last 12 months. For reproducibility, the intraclass correlation between the first (September 2013) and second surveys (December 2013) was calculated for each of the four time frames.

Results

The Spearman correlations between self‐reported working hours and those based on company records were 0.74, 0.81, 0.85, and 0.89 for daily, monthly, 3‐monthly, and yearly time periods, respectively. The intraclass correlations for self‐reported working hours between the two questionnaire surveys were 0.63, 0.66, 0.73, and 0.87 for the respective time frames.

Conclusions

The results of the present study among Japanese male employees suggest that the validity of self‐reported working hours is high for all four time frames, whereas the reproducibility is moderate to high.
Comparison of biomarkers in serum and induced sputum of patients with occupational asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kleniewska Aneta , Walusiak‐Skorupa Jolanta , Piotrowski Wojciech , Nowakowska‐Świrta Ewa , Wiszniewska Marta
Published: June 2016

Objectives

Occupational asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with the airway inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to compare the sputum and serum markers of inflammation in patients with occupational asthma and COPD.

Methods

The study group included 20 patients with stable COPD, 24 patients with asthma, and 22 healthy subjects. Interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 levels in serum and induced sputum as well as fibrinogen and CRP in serum were determined in all the subjects.

Results

Higher concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and MMP‐9 in induced sputum and an increased concentration of acute‐phase proteins in serum were observed in COPD patients compared with healthy subjects. Higher concentrations of IL‐1β and MMP‐9 in induced sputum and a higher concentration of C‐reactive protein (CRP) were detected in COPD patients than in asthmatic subjects. Never smokers with COPD had significantly higher levels of IL‐1β and MMP‐9 in induced sputum than never smoker controls. There was no significant difference between the serum and sputum levels of cytokines and MMP‐9 of never smokers and smokers with COPD.

Conclusions

Higher concentrations of IL‐1β and MMP‐9 in induced sputum and a higher concentration of CRP in serum allow distinguishing between biomarker profiles of COPD patients and asthmatic patients. Occupational exposure induces a systemic proinflammatory state with increased levels of acute‐phase proteins in stable COPD patients. MMP‐9 and IL‐1β concentrations are increased in induced sputum of never smokers with COPD, which is associated with occupational exposure.
Can leisure‐time physical activity improve health checkup results? Evidence from Japanese occupational panel data
Authors: Oshio Takashi , Tsutsumi Akizumi , Inoue Akiomi
Published: June 2016

Objectives

We examined the extent to which changes in worker health, as measured by health checkup items, were associated with increased intensity of leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) after controlling for individual time‐invariant attributes.

Methods

We used panel data from two to four waves of a Japanese occupational cohort survey, focusing on 30,206 observations of 10,106 individuals (7,669 men and 2,437 women) aged 18‐76 years. We estimated first‐difference and mean‐centered fixed effects models to examine how changes in 10 health checkup items were associated with changes in LTPA intensity. We considered four LTPA intensity levels (none, low, moderate, and vigorous), based on self‐reported assessments.

Results

For men, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, glycated hemoglobin levels, body mass index, and waist circumference improved when LTPA intensity was increased even at a low level, whereas triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose levels improved when LTPA intensity was increased to moderate or vigorous levels. Blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic) and total cholesterol levels were only modestly responsive to changes in LTPA intensity. For women, blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic) and waist circumference were negatively associated with LTPA intensity, whereas the other variables showed more modest effects.

Conclusions

The results suggest that even low‐to moderate‐intensity LTPA can improve health checkup results; however, the lowest LTPA intensity associated with improvement in health depends on healthrisk factors as well as gender.
Resilience, post‐traumatic growth, and work engagement among health care professionals after the Great East Japan Earthquake: A 4‐year prospective follow‐up study
Authors: Nishi Daisuke , Kawashima Yuzuru , Noguchi Hiroko , Usuki Masato , Yamashita Akihiro , Koido Yuichi , Matsuoka Yutaka J
Published: June 2016

Objectives

Although attention has been paid to post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among health care professionals after disasters, the impact of traumatic events on their work has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine whether disaster‐related distress, resilience, and post‐traumatic growth (PTG) affect work engagement among health care professionals who had been deployed to the areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011.

Methods

We recruited disaster medical assistance team members who were engaged in rescue activities after the earthquake. The short version of the Resilience Scale (RS‐14) and Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI) were administered one month after the earthquake, and the short form of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (SF‐PTGI) and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) were administered four years after the earthquake. Work engagement is composed of vigor, dedication, and absorption. Regression analyses were used to examine the relationship of UWES with RS‐14, PDI, and SF‐PTGI.

Results

We obtained baseline data of 254 participants in April 2011, and 191 (75.2%) completed the follow‐up assessment between December 2014 and March 2015. The results showed that RS‐14 predicted vigor, dedication, and absorption; in addition, SF‐PTGI was positively related with these three parameters (p<0.01 for all).

Conclusions

Resilience at baseline and PTG after rescue activities may increase work engagement among health care professionals after disasters. These findings could be useful for establishing a support system after rescue activities during a largescale disaster and for managing work‐related stress among health care professionals.
Differential gene expression associated with inflammation in peripheral blood cells of patients with pneumoconiosis
Authors: Liu Shu‐jun , Wang Ping , Jiao Jie , Han Lin , Lu Yu‐min
Published: June 2016

Objectives

To study expression changes in inflammation‐related genes in peripheral blood of patients with pneumoconiosis and to explore the possibility of these genes as pneumoconiosis biomarkers.

Methods

Peripheral blood samples of patients with pneumoconiosis patients and controls were collected, and total RNA of the blood cells were extracted and reverse transcribed to cDNA. Screenings of deferentially expressed genes associated with inflammation between patients with pneumoconiosis and controls were performed using real‐time quantitative PCR array and the expressions of the three most upregulated genes were confirmed by real‐time PCR.

Results

The expression of 11 genes was significantly altered in patients with pneumoconiosis compared with those of the control. Among these 11 genes, 8 genes were upregulated and 3 were downregulated. Preliminary results indicated that interleukin 6 (IL‐6) mRNA expression in patients with pneumoconiosis was higher than that in controls (P=0.019). The level of IL6 mRNA expression in the patients was higher than that in non‐smoking controls, but it was neither affected by type and stage of pneumoconiosis nor by time of contact with dust.

Conclusions

IL6 was possibly involved in the development of pneumoconiosis.
Nonmelanoma bőrtumorok kezelési lehetőségei szervtranszplantált betegeknél egy esetismertetés kapcsán
Authors: Gellén Emese , Péter Zoltán , Emri Gabriella , Asztalos László , Remenyik Éva
Published: June 2016

The authors present the case of a 59-year-old male patient, whose first kidney transplantation was in 1983 and the second in 2000. The first squamous cell carcinoma appeared on the skin 2 years after the first transplantation. Since 2003, at least two precancerous lesions or non-melanoma skin tumors have been removed surgically yearly. These cancers appeared predominantly on the sun-exposed skin, and were multiple. As these tumors could behave aggressively and prone to recurrence, complex treatment was applied, which included a switch in immunosuppressive drugs and the application of field therapies. The authors give an overview of these treatment options in relation to the case presentation, emphasizing that not only early detection and active treatment of the precancerous lesions and skin cancers are essential, but education of proper sun-protection methods and dermatology care are also important in order to avoid the development of these tumors. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(24), 971–976.
Graftectomiák a debreceni vesetranszplantációs programban
Authors: Tóth Fruzsina , Zádori Gergely , Fedor Roland , Kovács Dávid Ágoston , Kanyári Zsolt , Kincses Zsolt , Ötvös Csaba , Damjanovich László , Asztalos László , Nemes Balázs
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Indication and timing of allograft nephrectomy is still uncertain in some cases. Aim: The aim of the authors was to summarize their experience with graftectomies. Method: Data from patients who underwent kidney transplantation between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Frequency, indications, timing, complications as well as early and late allograft nephrectomies were reviewed. Results: From 480 renal transplants, 55 graftectomies were performed (11%). Frequent indications included chronic allograft nephropathy (47%), arterial blood supply complications (13%), ureter complications (9%). 22 cases (40%) of allograft nephrectomies were urgent while 33 cases (60%) were elective. 24% of graftectomies were performed within 30 days after transplantation and 76% thereafter. Conclusions: The main indications for early graftectomies were arterial complications (31%) and chronic allograft nephropathy (62%) in cases of late graftectomies. The majority of the graftectomies were elective. Leading indication was chronic allograft nephropathy. Early and late graftectomies have different characteristics. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(24), 964–970.
Eredményeink a teljes jogú Eurotransplant-tagság óta. A Debreceni Vesetranszplantációs Központ tapasztalatai
Authors: Nemes Balázs , Fedor Roland , Kanyári Zsolt , †Lőcsey Lajos , Juhász Ferenc , Kovács Dávid Ágoston , Zádori Gergely , Győry Ferenc , P. Szabó Réka , Zsom Lajos , Szabó Tamás , Illésy Lóránt , Szabó-Pap Marcell , Kincses Zsolt , Szabó László , Damjanovich László , Balla József , Asztalos László
Published: June 2016

Introduction: The first renal transplantation was completed in 1991 at the University of Debrecen. In 2013 Hungary joined Eurotransplant. Aim: The authors retrospectively compared the trends. Method: Comparison between Period A (from January 1, 2008 to August 31, 2013) and Period B (from September 1, 2013 to October 22, 2015). Results: The proportion of living transplants rose from 3.5% to 9.1 %. During period B over 25% of utilized donors were over 60 years of age. Recipients with body mass index above 30 kg/m2 increased from 12% to 31%. Prevalence of diabetes among recipients rose twofold. Uretero-neocystostomy was used during period A (99%) while in period B end to side uretero-ureteral anastomosis has also gained popularity (68%). In 2013 the authors introduced routine use of induction treatment. Acute rejection rate decreased from 34% to 8%. The rate of surgical complications did not change. Acute bacterial infections decreased from 41% to 33%. Cumulative renal allograft 1, 3 and 5 year survival rates were 86.6%, 85% and 82.7% in group A vs. projected rates 88%, 84% and 84% in group B, respectively. Conclusions: Despite the growing proportion of expanded criteria donors, the authors were able to maintain a low incidence of delayed graft function and a favorable graft survival. Since 2013 the authors introduced treatments for acute humoral rejection according to international standards. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(24), 925–937.
place of the child in mediation
Authors: Maclean Mavis
Published: June 2016

This article reviews the place of the law in child mediation, suggesting that recent interest in hearing the voice of the child needs to be accompanied by consideration of the best interests of the child as required under the welfare paramountcy presumption of the Children Act (1989) when a consent order is a possible outcome.
Mediation in England and Wales
Authors: Betancourt Julio César , Lee John
Published: June 2016

The role of mediation in the resolution of civil disputes has grown enormously in recent years. However, the question of the governmental and judicial role in supporting mediation has divided policymakers around the world. In particular, the question of whether mediation should be compulsory in certain cases has generated significant debate. This article examines the prevailing views on this issue in England and Wales today. It then considers the arguments for and against implementing mandatory mediation, with reference to the experience of other jurisdictions that have experimented with compulsion. It concludes that judges ought to be afforded a discretionary power to order parties to attend mediation as a prerequisite to access to the state courts in appropriate circumstances.
At the nexus of big data and dispute resolution
Authors: Corbett Justin R.
Published: June 2016

This paper presents findings from an ongoing project that has analysed over 225 million annual online conflict-related search queries to better understand the scope and scale of conflict in America. The frequency, location, sentimentality and timing of 52,203 unique conflict search terms were monitored for every US county. Analysis has revealed the public’s collective interests and conflict intensities within 225 distinct conflict contexts, many of which have cyclical trends that can inform resource development and deployment efforts. It has allowed for the creation of maps detailing where conflict arrests or avoids local populations. Finally, it has revealed new insights into how the public prioritises frames for their conflicts and their preferred resolutions. Creative integration of traditional and previously unaligned data, such as presented here, will change the dispute resolution field with regard to its understanding of the dispute resolution marketplace, the surfacing of opportunities to satisfy that market, and the ability to monitor the resulting impact of interventions from the personal to broad societal levels.
All I want is your waist: Sexual metaphors as youth slanguage in Nigeria
Authors: Mensah Eyo , Nkamigbo Linda
Published: June 2016

This paper explores the use of sexual metaphors as slang as spoken by youths in Nigeria, with a particular focus on these speakers in the Calabar metropolis in the Cross River State of South-eastern Nigeria. These metaphors are used to express the mechanics of sexual activities and their gratifying appeal. Young people utilize lexically and contextually driven sexually explicit codes to reconceptualize and reconstruct sex and sexual relations within their social universe and group dynamics. The study is rooted in Lakoff and Turner’s (1989) conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) which involves a cross-domain mapping of meaning within the utterance from a source domain to a target domain through a series of ontological correspondence, whereby a new meaning is processed in the conceptual system behind the transfer to create new expectations. The study conducted reveals that young people use sexual metaphors for a variety of motivations, these being (i) to enhance intimacy, (ii) to negotiate power relations, especially hegemonic masculinity and (iii) to conceptualize youth-centred collective belonging. These metaphors have become commonplace everyday narratives that de?ne identity formation, social experience and sexual agency.
Metaphor in South African tsotsitaal
Authors: Hurst Ellen
Published: June 2016

Halliday’s concept of ‘anti-language’ has been applied to a number of African Urban Youth Languages (AUYLs) in recent literature. Halliday described the concept of antilanguage as a language generated by an ‘anti-society’ which is set up as a conscious alternative to established societal norms. Anti-language, then, is a conscious alternative to the language of the wider society and it distinguishes itself primarily through relexicalization (the principle of same grammar, different vocabulary) and metaphor. Halliday states that in an anti-language, metaphor goes ‘all the way up and down the system’ – that an anti-society is a metaphorical variant of society, an anti-language is a metaphor for an everyday language, and the language itself employs metaphorical variants to distinguish it, including phonological metaphors, grammatical metaphors (morphological, lexical, and syntactic) and semantic metaphors. This article presents natural speech data from a multi-sited research project in South Africa, in order to analyze the use of metaphor in tsotsitaal – the South African AUYL used amongst peers in South Africa’s townships. The analysis considers how metaphor is used at three different levels – the level of lexical items; phrases; and social structure. Processes of innovation and creativity will be described, and the article will evaluate the use of the term anti-language to describe tsotsitaal (and, by implication, other AUYLs). The ?ndings suggest that the term is a useful one to understand the metaphorical processes in AUYLs, but that it needs to be cautiously applied.
The new urban youth language Yabacrâne in Goma (DR Congo)
Authors: Nassenstein Nico
Published: June 2016

Yabacrâne is a Kiswahili-based youth language practice used by youths in Goma, Eastern Democratic Republic (DR) of the Congo, where distinctive language usage marks speakers’ identity and community of practice. Yabacrâne reveals salient features which do not coincide with characteristics typical of other youth language practices in Africa. The gangster image and violent behavior, aggravated by the prevailing con?ict zone in Eastern DR Congo, as well as a tough ‘street image’, are the central points of reference for Yabacrâne speakers. Unlike neighboring youth languages in the Great Lakes region, Yabacrâne is no longer limited to urban spaces; furthermore, speakers draw heavily on other (remote) youth languages in DR Congo such as Lingala-based Yanké (spoken in Kinshasa), especially through music and social media. Besides speakers’ phonological and semantic manipulations, the present paper aims to take cross-geographical ?uidity into account in order to describe the trajectories that new terms pass through before they are eventually diffused within the community. Moreover, as an innovative approach, the paper also takes some deliberate modi?cations in pragmatics, namely politeness strategies and linguistic taboos, into consideration.
Identity construction through phonetic crossing among young Capetonian gang members
Authors: Chariatte Nadine
Published: June 2016

Uncountable gangs operate in post-Apartheid South Africa, particularly in greater Cape Town, competing over turf and controlling the drug trade. Consequently, gang violence is rife in Western Cape and especially widespread in urban areas. In this paper young Capetonians’ narratives of gang violence are analyzed. In the narratives of attacks on Black or White South Africans by Coloured gang members, the Coloured narrators make use of their victims’ varieties of English, more precisely, of phonetic features. Hence, the aggressors do language crossing towards their targets when narrating their feats. Rampton (1995a:485) considers language crossing a ‘code alternation by people who are not accepted members of the group associated with the second language that they are using (code switching into varieties that are not generally thought to belong to them)’. This switching involves a transgression of social or ethnic boundaries that allows the young gangsters to construct, negotiate, uphold and manage their social identities, as language still functions as an utterly important identity marker in post-Apartheid South Africa.
The use of discourse markers among youth in Senegambia borderland
Authors: Mitsch Jane
Published: June 2016

While the foundational work on ‘African youth language’ by Kießling and Mouss (2004) is informative and offers insight into the agency of young city-dwellers in creating ‘resistance identities’, it also excludes large portions of African ‘youth’, most notably young women, but also most of the youth not residing in large African metropolises. A more holistic approach to ‘African youth language’ and the way linguistic resources are variably employed in the construction of identity can reveal some of the ways nationality, gender, and modernity get associated in an indexical ?eld. In this paper I examine the way discourse markers are part of the linguistic resources used by borderland youth as indexical tools that help construct gendered, national identities. Although French, English, and Wolof discourse markers are all in circulation within the borderland, the young speakers in this study variably index national-orientation and gender through their usage of ‘native’ vs. ‘borrowed’ discourse markers.
Camfrang forever! Metacommunication in and about Camfranglais
Authors: Stein-Kanjora Gardy
Published: June 2016

This paper explores aspects of the deliberate usage, transformation and status-negotiation of Camfranglais in Cameroon. There are many examples of metacommunication among speakers: heated discussions of whether or not this variety should be promoted (even to the status of a national language), lamentations about why teachers and parents dislike and ?ght it so much, and even word planning sessions are not unusual. Based on the analysis of several internet forums as well as material from my own ?eld-research, I examine the close relationship many young Cameroonians – especially those living outside of Cameroon – establish between the use of Camfranglais and their Cameroonian identity. It will be shown that the linguistic awareness of young, urban Camfranglophones is very high, setting it apart from other youth language phenomena worldwide.
The dynamics of youth language in Africa: An introduction
Authors: Mensah Eyo
Published: June 2016

Eyo Mensah introduces this special issue on the dynamics of youth language in Africa.
High density lipoprotein subfractions and paraoxonase 1 in children
Authors: Muchová Jana , Andrezálová Lucia , Nagyová Stanislav Oravec,Zuzana , Garaiova Iveta , Ďuračková Zdeňka
Published: June 2016

The Lipoprint system (Quantimetrix Corp., CA, USA), enables the determination of 10 high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions in contrast to the 5 HDL subfractions that can be determined by ultracentrifuge analysis. HDL subfractions, and their relationships to the arylesterase (PON1-A) and lactonase (PON1-L) activities of paraoxonase 1 (PON1), together with total-, very low density lipoprotein- and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and LDL subfractions were investigated in the serum of 27 mildly hypercholesterolemic children and 21 healthy controls. Our results suggest the antiatherogenity of large HDL (L-HDL) subfractions and the atherogenity of small HDL (S-HDL) subfractions in the study groups. However, the relationship between the intermediate HDL (I-HDL) subfractions with the LDL subfractions and other lipoproteins did not suggest that I-HDL subfractions are antiatherogenic. No significant association between PON1-A and the HDL subfractions was found. In contrast, PON1-L activity positively correlated with the antiatherogenic large HDL1 subfraction and negatively with intermediate HDL subfractions 4, 5 and 6. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the roles of total HDL and ten individual HDL subfractions in children and adolescents.
Effect of Vincristine on Steroidogenic Pathway of Male Wistar Rat
Authors: Sonawane Tareeka , Nischal Hersharan , Rao Shalini , Thayil Liji , Bhiwgade Dayanand
Published: June 2016

Vincristine is major player in front line combination chemotherapy for treatment of cancer and shows decrease in testosterone after treatment contributing to reproductive toxicity. Hence, the present research was aimed to study the effect of vincristine on steroidogenic pathway which is responsible for testosterone production in males. Vincristine was intraperitoneally injected to adult male Wistar rats of proven fertility with a dose of 40μg/kg/day dissolved in 0.5 ml of physiological saline for 30 days. Animals were sacrificed at the end of treatment period; their testes were removed and used for further studies. No significant changes were observed in body weight, testis weight and mean relative testis weight. Expression studies of enzymes involved in steroidogenic pathway showed that there was decrease in expression of Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein which might be responsible for altered testosterone production.
Biological Portfolio of 1,5-Disubstituted Tetrazoles: A Review
Authors: G. Vedpathak Suresh , K. Kakade Gopal , S. Ingale Vilas
Published: June 2016

The achievement of medicinal chemistry, in the last few decades, has intensively increased due to the creation of novel drugs withe isostericnature of tetrazole ring with carboxyl group in longer chain peptides was responsible for the medicinal activity. Therefore a comprehensive search was carried out for 1, 5-disubstituted tetrazoles owing to their synthetic and effective pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibiotic, anti-ulcer, anti-tubercular, anti-hypertensive, etc. In spite of many research papers in the area of tetrazoles with respect to their pharmacological activity there have been no review on1, 5-disubstituted tetrazoles inthis field. The aim of present review is to classify and summarize the pharmaceutical uses of 1, 5-disubstituted tetrazole containing compounds.
Relationship between ordinal position and academic achievement among adolescents: A study
Authors: Alim Farzana , Bano A. A. Salsabeel
Published: June 2016

Ordinal position refers to the actual order in which a child is born; that is first, second, third … sixth, seventh and so on. Children of a family though sharing the same genetic pools from both of their parents and also raised in a similar environment attain different capabilities in their adult lives. There has been some research in the past to understand why such differences occur. However, these researches have either not considered academic achievement – which in the modern competitive world is often considered as one of the key criterion to judge one’s total potential and capability – as one of their parameters of study or the final conclusions so drawn fail to clearly define the relationship between ordinal position and academic achievement. In this paper an attempt has been made to examine a relationship between the ordinal position and academic achievement. For this purpose, a sample of 50 children was selected which was limited to the young adolescents (age 13-16 years). The results do not reveal a clear relationship between the ordinal position and academic achievement; however, these results cannot be generalized because the study has been conducted on a small sample. Notwithstanding this, it is hoped that the results from this pilot study will help to broaden the research by also including other groups.
History of the (Virtual) Worlds

Authors: Downey Steve
Published: June 2016

Virtual worlds represent a small but dynamic sector of the computer technology
field with global applications ranging from art and entertainment to online
instructional delivery and educational research. Despite their worldwide acceptance and
usage, few educators, researchers, or everyday gamers fully understand the history and
evolution of virtual worlds – their genres, platforms, features, and affordances. Many
of the innovations we readily recognize today (e.g., user creation of in-world objects
in worlds like Second Life) began as grassroots efforts by gaming and computer
enthusiasts who were long on passion but short on documentation. The end result is a
twisted and often thorny history for a technology that now actively engages hundreds of
millions of users worldwide and millions of users within education alone. This article
synthesizes histories and definitions from virtual world developers, industry leaders,
academic researchers, trade journals, and texts in order to form a coherent historical
narrative of events that contributed to the evolution and shaping of the virtual worlds
as we currently know and use them in education and society in general.
PENGUATAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL DAN PEDAGOGIS BAGI GURU MATEMATIKA SMA/MA/SMK SE KECAMATAN NGALIYAN MELALUI PEMANFAATAN SOFTWARE MAPLE DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Siswanah Emy
Published: June 2016

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan agar dapat memperkuat kompetensi profesional dan pedagogis guru matematika melalui pemanfaatan software MAPLE dalam pembelajaran matematika. Selain itu, dapat membuat siswa tertarik terhadap pelajaran matematika. Subjek dampingan pada kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah guru-guru matematika SMA/SMK/MA se Kecamatan Ngaliyan. Berdasarkan hasil pelatihan yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa guru-guru matematika merasakan manfaat yang nyata dari pemanfaatan software MAPLE. Guru merasa terbantu dengan adanya software MAPLE ini. Selama proses pembelajaran, siswa fokus memperhatikan penjelasan guru. Siswa merasa senang belajar matematika.
Assessment of spatially explicit annual water-balance model for Sutlej River Basin in eastern Himalayas and Tungabhadra River Basin in peninsular India
Authors: Goyal Manish Kumar , Khan Manas
Published: June 2016

In this paper, Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) water yield model, based on the Budyko framework which is relatively simple and requires less data, has been applied in Sutlej River Basin, located in the eastern Himalayas and in Tungabhadra River Basin, located in peninsular India. The effect of extrapolation of the lumped Zhang model to distributed model (InVEST) has also been analyzed. We also determined the most suitable method for calculating reference evapotranspiration among three different methods, i.e., modified Hargreaves, normal Hargreaves and Hamon's equation. It was found that modified Hargreaves method is the most suitable one under limited data conditions although in certain stations in Tungabhadra River Basin, this method is not applicable. We also observed that the InVEST model performed well in the Sutlej River Basin although a certain proportion of the basin is snow covered. The results from the study also show that errors in climate inputs will have significant influence on water yield as compared to other parameters, i.e., seasonality constant (Z) and evapotranspiration coefficient (KC). In the case of the crop dominated Tungabhadra River Basin, both seasonality constant (Z) and evapotranspiration coefficient (KC) have comparatively greater sensitivity as compared to the Sutlej River Basin.