bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The national specificity of paroemias with temporal meaning in the Chuvash language
Authors: Semenova Galina Nikolaevna , Yakimova Nadezhda Ivanovna , Rodionov Vitaly Grigorievich , Skvortsova Natalia Rudolfovna
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify the national specifics of paroemias with temporal meaning in the Chuvash language. The scientific novelty of this work lies in its exploration of binary temporal oppositions that are shaped by calendar landmarks related to natural cycles. These landmarks reflect the concerns and daily activities of peasants. The article finds that many paroemias are expressions of the Chuvash ethnic mentality and represent a special vision of life situations by native speakers. As a result, the main oppositions characterizing human time and life cycles were analyzed. The high productivity of the persistent opposition "паян" (today) – "ыран" (tomorrow); "кун" (day) – "çĕр" (night); "вилĕм" (death) – "пурнăç" (life) was revealed. Comparative semantic temporal relations in Chuvash parodies are clearly manifested and can be characterized by both positive and negative connotations. The results showed that it is precisely this conceptualization of temporal meaning in the Chuvash language that has its own national characteristics. The temporal indicator is a characteristic of human existence and is vividly reflected in the phraseological and paremiological foundations of the language.
The Rise of Kidnappings in South Africa: Challenges for Law Enforcement
Authors: Mlambo Victor , Niyitunga Eric Blanco
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the rise of kidnapping in South Africa. It aims to reflect on the challenges law enforcement faces in addressing what has quickly become a considerable societal problem. This paper employed secondary data as a data collection technique using narrative literature review. The rational choice theory was employed as a theoretical lens. Findings revealed that kidnapping in South Africa is driven by several issues, such as poverty, inequality, unemployment and the growth and consolidation of crime syndicates making millions in ransom fees. While South African law enforcement agencies claim to be making inroads in addressing kidnapping cases, they face considerable challenges, such as public mistrust, lack of support and the underreporting of kidnapping cases, making it hard to address the problem. South Africa is under pressure to ensure that legislation effectively addresses this issue. It is therefore recommended that the country establish and capacitate specialized kidnapping units that will work closely with community police forums, the community, and other relevant stakeholders to ensure seamless coordination in responding to the rise of kidnapping. Moreover, eradicating corruption within the police force will be an effective measure to help address the problem.
Vólvulo del ciego y dolicomegacolon andino. Reporte de caso
Authors: Arroyave-Guerrero Yeni
Published: July 2024

Introducción. Las personas que viven por encima de los 3000 metros sobre el nivel del mar (msnm) tienen los intestinos de mayor longitud y diámetro, característica que ha sido llamada dolicomegacolon andino (DCMA). Esta característica predispone a desarrollar vólvulos colónicos. El vólvulo cecal es una entidad rara y puede ser potencialmente mortal.
Caso clínico. Paciente masculino de 77 años, residente a 3000 msnm, quien presentó clínica de obstrucción intestinal y una radiografía sospechosa de vólvulo colónico. El intento de devolvulación endoscópica fue fallido e inicialmente hubo dificultad en la comunicación, por factores socioculturales, para poder llevarlo a cirugía.
Resultados. En cirugía se encontró un dolicomegacolon y vólvulo cecal. Se practicó resección de 1,65 metros de colon y anastomosis ileo-sigmoidea. El paciente evolucionó adecuadamente y se egresó sin complicaciones.
Conclusiones. Por la geografía de nuestra región, es frecuente el DCMA y debe suponerse como el principal factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de vólvulo del colon. Si bien el vólvulo cecal es una condición rara, debe sospecharse en paciente con factores de riesgo, que se presenten con obstrucción intestinal o distensión abdominal asimétrica. En nuestro caso, en presencia de un ciego móvil, el DCMA, la mesocolonitis retráctil y las adherencias posquirúrgicas fueron factores de riesgo para el vólvulo del ciego. Adicionalmente al atender población indígena, el apoyo de traductoras de la misma comunidad es de gran utilidad.
Acoso laboral y sexual en residentes de cirugía colombianos en 2023
Authors: Domínguez-Torres Luis Carlos , Sanabria-Quiroga Álvaro Enrique , Torregrosa-Almonacid Lilian , Vega-Peña Neil Valentín
Published: July 2024

Introducción. El acoso laboral y sexual son problemas latentes durante la formación de los cirujanos, que conllevan repercusiones negativas a nivel individual, organizacional y del sistema sanitario. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar la prevalencia de estos tipos de acoso en residentes de cirugía colombianos.
Métodos. Estudio nacional, de corte transversal, realizado en los veinte programas de residencia del país en septiembre de 2023. Los residentes autoevaluaron su exposición a ambas formas de acoso mediante cuestionarios validados. Se realizaron comparaciones entre víctimas y no víctimas de acoso, en función de las características demográficas de la población. Se evaluó la frecuencia de conductas de acoso laboral cometidas por diferentes perpetradores.
Resultados. Se incluyeron 238 residentes (64,7 % del total de la población). Las tasas de acoso laboral y sexual fueron de 35,3 % y 18,1 %, respectivamente. Ambos tipos de acoso fueron significativamente mayores en los programas ubicados en el centro del país. El acoso sexual fue significativamente mayor entre las mujeres. Los profesores de cirugía y los residentes de niveles superiores fueron los principales perpetradores de conductas de acoso laboral.
Conclusiones. El acoso laboral y sexual es altamente prevalente en la formación de los cirujanos colombianos. Estos hallazgos deben alertar a profesores, médicos residentes y otros grupos de interés, para fomentar ambientes y cultura educativa saludables, que permitan disminuir la prevalencia de estos comportamientos.
Experiencia en el tratamiento de la perforación de esófago cervical por cuerpo extraño en población adulta en el Hospital de San José, Bogotá durante un período de 5 años
Authors: Ulloa-Gordon Fernando Mauricio , Pabón-Parra Alfonso , Baquero-García Rogers , Granados-Calixto Álvaro
Published: July 2024

Introducción. La perforación esofágica cervical por cuerpos extraños es una entidad clínica poco frecuente, pero con un potencial alto de complicaciones, incluyendo la muerte como desenlace. Su tratamiento sigue siendo discutible, sin evidencia suficiente para definir el mejor abordaje entre el quirúrgico y el conservador.
Métodos. Mediante un estudio de tipo observacional, retrospectivo, con componente analítico, se evaluaron los pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de perforación de esófago cervical por cuerpo extraño, tratados en el hospital de San José, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, entre enero de 2018 y junio de 2023.
Resultados. La población consistió en 22 pacientes, donde predominaron las mujeres (59 %), con una media de edad de 61,32 ± 9,04 años. Siete pacientes (31,8 %) recibieron manejo quirúrgico y 15 (68,2 %) manejo conservador. Para los desenlaces, el 90,9 % de los pacientes fueron dados de alta (domicilio) y el 9,1 % pasaron de manejo conservador a manejo quirúrgico; no se reportó ninguna muerte derivada de la perforación. Según el análisis multivariado, no hubo diferencias en los desenlaces asociadas con la edad (p=0,189), el tipo de tratamiento (p=0,095), los hallazgos tomográficos (p=0,371) o los hallazgos intraoperatorios (p= 0,515).
Conclusiones. En este estudio se identificaron similares desenlaces clínicos con el tratamiento quirúrgico y conservador. El manejo conservador va tomando relevancia al no tener desventajas frente al tratamiento quirúrgico, sobre todo por ser menos invasivo.
Complicaciones quirúrgicas: un tema complicado
Authors: Vega-Peña Neil Valentín , Otálora-Carmona Álvaro Mauricio , Domínguez-Torres Luis Carlos
Published: July 2024

Introducción. Las complicaciones quirúrgicas son un tema relevante, difícil de abordar e inmerso en una cultura punitiva y vergonzosa hacia el médico. La ausencia de una medición sistemática, confiable y socializada es un desafío para los servicios quirúrgicos. El desconocimiento de las medidas de frecuencia y el impacto de las complicaciones quirúrgicas en las instituciones, y a su vez, dentro de los servicios quirúrgicos, evidencia la necesidad de abordar el tema desde una perspectiva de mejoramiento continuo.
Métodos. Se hizo un análisis crítico y reflexivo sobre la conceptualización de las complicaciones quirúrgicas, los avances en su proceso de evaluación y su utilidad como indicador de calidad en los servicios quirúrgicos. Se ilustraron las metodologías con ejemplos clínicos que facilitan su entendimiento y aplicabilidad.
Resultados. El trabajo inicial de los doctores Clavien & Dindo se ha fortalecido al considerar integralmente el proceso de atención quirúrgica como un indicador de calidad de la atención en salud. El desarrollo del Índice Integral de Complicaciones (CCI), para los eventos en el período posoperatorio, representa un paso adicional en el abordaje del problema. Su potencialidad en el análisis de los eventos ofrece una oportunidad para la implementación y la investigación en el tema.
Conclusiones. Las complicaciones quirúrgicas representan un indicador robusto que permite evaluar el desempeño individual y grupal en un servicio quirúrgico. Hay metodologías recientes que deben ser incorporadas en la actividad asistencial de los cirujanos. Representan un insumo en la educación médica a todo nivel e, igualmente, un elemento de crecimiento personal y académico para todo cirujano.
Hacer una pausa: una opción rara vez considerada por estudiantes y profesionales
Authors: Gómez-Ospina Juan Camilo , García-Perdomo Herney Andrés
Published: July 2024

Como es sabido, la prestación de atención sanitaria puede ser una fuente de mayor morbilidad y mortalidad para los pacientes. Además, el agotamiento emocional y el desgaste resultantes de la atención médica podrían asociarse con consecuencias trágicas como depresión, ideación suicida y suicidio 1. En ese sentido, es fundamental mejorar el bienestar de los médicos, ya que puede contribuir a la seguridad y la atención de los pacientes, la protección de los profesionales de la salud y la prevención de errores médicos. Lee y colaboradores 2 hicieron una conceptualización sobre los tiempos de espera, definieron la pausa como “una decisión consciente de detener el desempeño actual por un tiempo físico que permite actividades cognitivas adicionales”, y reconocieron su papel en el razonamiento clínico y los procesos de toma de decisiones. Se han descrito los beneficios de este tipo de pausas breves, pero ¿qué pasa con una pausa más larga y un reinicio de la práctica médica, incluida toda la línea de tiempo desde los años de pregrado hasta los de posgrado?
Ventilación mecánica acondicionada por geotermia: confort y eficiencia energética para un ambiente sostenible
Authors: Rodriguez Alejandro , Eberhardt Guillermo , Raviol Federico
Published: July 2024

La investigación aborda la influencia de las condiciones ambientales en la vida humana, destacando el aumento de costos energéticos y la importancia de encontrar alternativas arquitectónicas para mejorar el confort y la eficiencia energética.
Se identifican cuatro elementos clave para el confort higrotérmico en edificios: temperatura, humedad, velocidad y calidad del aire. La ventilación, esencial para la calidad del aire, adquiere mayor importancia debido a la pandemia de COVID-19. 
Se estudia la implementación del sistema de Ventilación Mecánica con intercambio de calor geotérmico diseñado para ajustarse a algunas localidades ubicadas la región central de la República Argentina. Se detallan sus componentes, criterios de diseño y aplicación en diversos proyectos analizando sus ventajas y dificultades en su ejecución.
Luego de realizar siete proyectos piloto con éxito, se ha podido demostrar la viabilidad tanto técnica como económica del sistema, garantizan un caudal adecuado y reduciendo notablemente el consumo energético.
La Transposición Tecnológica aplicada al análisis de la producción arquitectónica
Authors: Vedoya Daniel
Published: July 2024

Se expone la elaboración y puesta a prueba de un método de análisis e interpretación de obras de arquitectura incorporando la dimensión tecnológica, aplicando una herramienta de análisis inédita: la “Trasposición Tecnológica”. La propuesta se sustenta en la ausencia de un método de análisis tecnológico de la producción arquitectónica actual. Asimismo, se plantea la necesidad de contar con una herramienta de análisis arquitectónico que dé respuesta a las complejidades de las grandes obras de arquitectura del tercer milenio. Basándose en la propuesta triádica de Vitruvio (utilidad, firmeza y belleza) subyacente en toda obra de arquitectura, se aplican nociones de pensamiento tecnológico, pensamiento creativo, pensamiento complejo, trasferencia tecnológica e innovación tecnológica, complementados con la sustentabilidad en arquitectura. De este modo, aplicando los denominados mecanismos de transposición tecnológica, se elabora una metodología estratégica de análisis -también aplicable al  diseño-, de  la  obra arquitectónica.
Effect of entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana (Balls.) Vuill. isolates on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Bayındır Erol Alime , Erdoğan Oktay
Published: July 2024

The aim of the study was to determine the lethal effect of 1 x 108 conidia mL-1 concentration of local Beauveria bassiana isolates (ET 10, BMAUM-M6-4, Bb 1) against M. persicae under laboratory conditions. For the spraying method, B. bassiana isolates was applied to M. persicae nymphs with a hand spray. In this context, the experiments were carried out in a randomized plots experimental design with ten replicates with ten nymphs in each Petri plate. After the applications, the number of live individuals was recorded by counting the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days and the percentage mortality rate was calculated. On the third and fifth days of the experiment, the highest mortality rates of 64 and 95% were recorded for the Bb 1 isolate of B. bassiana, respectively. In the seventh day counts, 100% mortality rates were determined for Bb 1 and ET 10 isolates and 99% for the BMAUM-M6-4 isolate. In addition, the mortality date (LT50) values were calculated as 3.62 days for ET 10 isolate, 3.60 days for BMAUM M6-4 isolate, and 2.93 days for Bb 1 isolates, respectively. As a result, it is thought that B. bassiana isolates can be used in biological control practices within the scope of integrated pest management program against M. persicae.
Creating Thirdspace: Indigenous Learning Lab to Transform a School Discipline System
Authors: Mawene Dian , Bal Aydin , Bird Bear Aaron , Ko Dosun , Orie Linda , Mayer-Jochimsen Morgan
Published: July 2024

Racial disproportionality in school discipline is an enduring systemic problem. This study is based on a collaboration with 14 school stakeholders: American Indian students, parents, community members, and educators at a high school in a community-driven problem-solving process called Indigenous Learning Lab (ILL). ILL members addressed the root causes of the racialized school discipline and created a new school discipline system. Using critical geography and decolonizing methodology as the theoretical and analytical framework, this study aimed to unpack the emergence of Thirdspace—a space of resistance, possibilities, and hopes—in ILL to address enduring racial disproportionality. Members challenged race-neutrality of data sense-making, mapped out dystopia, revitalized American Indian epistemology, and mapped out a real utopian vision of schooling.
Estimating the Reliability of Skill Transitions in Longitudinal Diagnostic Classification Models
Authors: A. Schellman Madeline , Madison Matthew J.
Published: July 2024

Diagnostic classification models (DCMs) have grown in popularity as stakeholders increasingly desire actionable information related to students’ skill competencies. Longitudinal DCMs offer a psychometric framework for providing estimates of students’ proficiency status transitions over time. For both cross-sectional and longitudinal DCMs, it is important that researchers estimate and report reliability so stakeholders and end-users can evaluate the trustworthiness of results. Over the past decade, researchers have developed and applied various metrics for reliability in the DCM framework. This study extends these metrics onto the longitudinal DCM context and consists of three parts: (a) the theory and development of the new longitudinal DCM reliability metrics, (b) a simulation study to examine the performance of the developed metrics and establish thresholds, and (c) an empirical data analysis to illustrate an application of the developed metrics. This paper concludes with a discussion of our recommendations for applying the developed metrics.
Experimental assessment of moisture resistance of polymer composite materials used for machine repair
Authors: Mukhin V. V. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Baurova N. I. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI)
Published: July 2024

The results of corrosion tests of metal parts with through defects are presented, for the elimination of the defects an epoxy compound containing various types of fillers was used. Dispersed (aluminum powder and carbon-containing powder) and fibrous (glass and carbon fabrics) materials were applied as fillers. It has been established that the minimum number of corrosion damages was found in samples recovered with an epoxy compound (ED-20 resin and PEPA hardener) with aluminum powder as a filler and reinforced with fabric fillers.
Determination of strength characteristics of polymer repair bandage for high-pressure hoses
Authors: Ruzankin P. A. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Baurova N. I. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI)
Published: July 2024

A comparative analysis of the strength characteristics of high-pressure hoses without damage and with a restored defect in the form of a through cut was carried out. To repair damages of high-pressure hoses, it is proposed to use bandages made of polymer composite materials based on a carbon filament and an epoxy binder. It is shown that the use of high-pressure hoses in hydraulic lines of road construction machines, restored using a polymer bandage, allows one to maintain the operational characteristics of this rubber-technical element.
PENINGKATAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI APLIKASI ZOOM MEETING SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DARING PADA PEMBELAJARAN PAI VIII DI SMPN 3 KARANG BAHAGIA BEKASI
Authors: Syafitri Annisa , Hermawan Iwan , Waluyo Kasja Eki
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused human interaction to be limited, thus having an impact on the circulation of education, learning activities must be carried out online and this has implications for students' interest and quality of learning, therefore it is necessary to pay serious attention to the delivery of teaching materials to students while maintaining quality. In the world of education, the Zoom meeting application is an online learning media application that is used as an alternative solution when online learning is carried out. This application has also been used in schools and other institutions to make it easier to convey information because this application can be face to face even virtually, this is the reason researchers are interested in conducting a study on this. This research uses a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation, while the informants were people who were considered to know and were related to the research theme. The research results show that using this application is good. Learning delivered through this application gets a good response from students so students' interest in learning is also good because of online learning. Apart from that, students are more independent in seeking knowledge and learning experiences, students are more active in the process of seeking knowledge. The implications of this research are 1) academic, 2) curricular implications, 3) methodological upgrading implications, and 4) social and cultural implications.
PERAN GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER: Kajian Literatur Pembentukan Karakter Siswa di Sekolah
Authors: Rahman Rieza Hardiyan , Rukajad Ajad , Ramdhani Khalid
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini membahas peran guru PAI dalam membentuk karakter siswa di lingkungan sekolah. guru PAI mempunyai tugas yang berat dalam membentuk karakter siswa yang sesuai dengan ajaran dan norma agama Islam, kenakalan remaja dan peningkatan semangat belajar tanggung jawab dan tugas guru dalam membentuk siswa yang berkarakter, Inilah alasan peneliti mendalami dan mengadakan penelitian ini. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis analisis literatur atau kajian Pustaka yang kemudian data diperkuat dengan data wawancara dengan guru PAI yang berhasil peneliti temui di lapangan, penelitian ini mengungkapkan bagaimana guru Pendidikan Agama Islam memiliki peran sentral dalam pembentukan nilai-nilai moral, etika, dan akhlak siswa. Guru tidak hanya menyampaikan pelajaran agama, tetapi juga berfungsi sebagai teladan, pembimbing, dan penginspirasi siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menyoroti metode dan strategi yang digunakan oleh guru untuk membentuk karakter siswa, serta tantangan dan kendala yang dihadapi dalam mengembangkan pembinaan karakter. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi para pendidik, pengambil kebijakan, dan praktisi pendidikan untuk memahami peran berharga guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam membentuk generasi muda yang memiliki karakter kokoh dan etika yang baik di masa depan. implikasi penelitian adalah: 1) Peningkatan aksesibilitas dan penggunaan perpustakaan, 2) Pengembangan koleksi yang relevan dan diversifikasi, 3) Penggunaan teknologi dalam pengembangan perpustakaan.
NILAI OPTIMISME DI FILM ALI DAN RATU-RATU QUEENS
Authors: Nahda Erba Dhiyaa Haaniya
Published: July 2024

In the film "Ali and the Queens," optimism plays a role in shaping the narrative. This story explains the journey of a disabled person, who dreams of becoming a famous fashion designer. Despite facing many obstacles, Ali did not lose his faith and dreams. Optimism is reflected in the way Ali faces challenges. Even though many people around him doubted his abilities, Ali remained persistent and believed that he could achieve anything he wanted. This is a very positive message, that nothing is impossible if one has a strong determination in oneself. This research aims to contribute to an understanding of how cinematic elements can act as an effective tool in communicating messages of optimism in films. The research method applied is qualitative data analysis on scenes of optimism using a cinematic approach. The research data consists of carefully selected scenes from the film "Ali and Ratu-Ratu Queens". Meticulous shooting ensures that each scene can be captured well, allowing the audience to feel the emotions being conveyed. The research results show that the combination supports the message of optimism in the film. The audience can feel the spirit of Ali's character's struggle in facing life's obstacles because the atmosphere created cinematically provides strong support for the film's narrative. The implications of this research activity are: 1) resilience in facing challenges, 2) the environment for an optimistic attitude, 3) business as a source of inspiration and motivation, 4) the formation of identity and character.
Exploring the Role of Robotics in Maritime Technology: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Sahoo Sushil Kumar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology (BPUT, Rourkela), Sarang, Dhenkanal, Odisha, India, Choudhury Bibhuti Bhusan , Dhal Prasant Ranjan ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology (BPUT, Rourkela), Sarang, Dhenkanal, Odisha, India,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology (BPUT, Rourkela), Sarang, Dhenkanal, Odisha, India
Published: July 2024

Robotics has emerged as a disruptive force in the maritime sector, offering promising solutions for various applications, including underwater exploration, offshore operations, port logistics, and vessel maintenance. The paper begins by presenting an overview of the current state of robotics in the maritime industry, highlighting the key advancements and the impact they have had on traditional practices. It then delves into the various innovative applications of robotics, such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for oceanographic research and inspection robots for offshore structures, discussing their capabilities and potential benefits. However, the integration of robotics in maritime technology also brings forth a unique set of challenges. These challenges encompass technical, regulatory, and ethical aspects, including issues related to safety, cyber security, legal frameworks, and public acceptance. The paper critically examines these challenges and discusses potential strategies to overcome them, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between industry stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers. It discusses emerging trends, such as swarm robotics, human-robot collaboration, and the utilization of artificial intelligence for decision-making. The potential benefits of these advancements, including increased efficiency, reduced costs, and enhanced safety, are highlighted.
Topsy-turvy world – southern hemisphere thrips at home in the north (Insecta: Thysanoptera)
Authors: Ulitzka Manfred R. , Marquis Andy , Binns Derek
Published: July 2024

In this work we present two southern hemisphere thrips – Apterothrips apteris (Daniel) and Merothrips brunneus Ward – which were found in Guernsey and in Hastings. Both are well established and present in permanent populations. A key to the identification of
the two Merothrips species known from Europe is provided.
Bilinmeyen Yönleri ile Geç Osmanlı’da Mimarların Rolleri ve Ahvâlleri
Authors: Şenyurt Oya
Published: July 2024

Geç Osmanlı’da diplomalı ya da diplomasız mimarlar bir hami, aile reisi, yakın akraba, iş arayan, işe iadesini isteyen şahıslar olarak kişisel sorunlarını yazılı dile getirmişlerdir. Osmanlı arşiv belgelerinin içinde son dönem Osmanlı mimarlarının kişisel sorunlarını çözmek için kaleme aldığı çok sayıda dilekçe bulunmaktadır. Bu dilekçelere göz atıldığında Osmanlı mimarları bina inşa eden, kural koyan ve kentin gelişimini belirleyen meslek insanları olduğu gibi aynı zamanda binaları çöken, ihtida eden, haklarında tahkikat yapılan, ricacı olan, af dileyen, rakipleriyle baş eden, komplo kurulan, sıra dışı tecrübeleri olan, arsalarının peşine düşen ve başını sokacak ev isteyen bireyler olarak görünürler. Bu makale Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri kullanılarak mimarların hem mesleklerinden kaynaklanan hem de meslek ötesindeki durumlarla ilişkili bazı kişisel sorunlarını belirli başlıklar altında toplamaya yönelik bir incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Mimarların kişisel sorunlarının yoğunlaştığı alanlar çeşitli başlıklar altında toplanarak mimarların kendileri ve yakınları için talepleri veya yakınlarının mimarları referans vererek istekleri, mimarların devletle olan karşılaşma alanlarının çeşitliliğini belirleme açısından önemli görülmüştür. Ayrıca şimdiye kadar adları bilinmeyen bazı mimarların ortaya çıkarılması ve günümüz araştırmacıları tarafından bilinen mimarların da haklarında bilinmeyenlerin metinleştirilmesi ve literatüre katkı sunması mümkün hale gelmiştir.
Mediko-Sosyal Katmanlarıyla Kirazlıyayla (Uludağ) Sanatoryumu
Authors: Avcı Deniz
Published: July 2024

Bu çalışma, Bursa’nın Uludağ mevkiinde bulunan ve mimarlar Leman Tomsu ve Emin Onat’ın kariyerlerinde önemli bir mimari ürün olan Kirazlıyayla (Uludağ) Sanatoryumunu incelemektedir. 20. yüzyıl ortası Türkiye’si hakkında sergilemekte olduğu mediko-sosyal ve kültürel katmanlar dört ana başlık altında değerlendirilmiştir. Veremin politik bir söylem ve Cumhuriyet sağlık propagandası olması; “ayrıcalıklı sağlık” yaklaşımının toplumsal yankıları olarak Bursa Verem Savaş Derneğinin sanatoryum hakkındaki görüşleri ve kurumsal yansımaları olarak “ayrıcalıklı oda”; 20. yüzyıl ortası Türkiye’sinde kadın mimarın rolü ve kültürel miras olarak değerlendirildiğinde günümüzdeki yeni işlevi tartışılmıştır. Sağlık propagandasında önemli bir rol oynasa bile Bursa’nın veremle savaşında etkili olmadığı, ücretli sağlık hizmetinin – her ne kadar bu farklılık odaların dekoruna indirgense bile – ayrıcalıklı bir hizmeti ve sağlıkta sınıf ayrımını gösterdiği ve projenin kadın mimarı Tomsu’ya projenin diğer eş mimarına verilen hak ettiği kredinin verilmediği tespit edilmiştir. Dahası, günümüzde kompleksin koruma ve yeniden işlevlendirme sonucundaki güncel işlevi, tarihsel ve mediko-sosyal bağlamıyla değerlendirildiğinde, kültürel mirasımız olan bu örneğin – benzerleri gibi – riskte olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Jacques-François Blondel’in “Yeni” Mimar Yetiştirme Projesi: École des Arts
Authors: Işıker Figen
Published: July 2024

Bu metin 18. yüzyıl Paris’inde mimarlık eğitimiyle ilişkilenen aktörler ve iktidar alanları üzerine bir kesit sunmaktadır. O dönem Académie Royale d’Architecture tekelinde olan kurumsal mimarlık eğitimi, Jacques-François Blondel’in açtığı ilk bağımsız mimarlık okulu École des Art ile krize uğramıştır. “Eski” bilgi rejimlerinin “yeni” olanla gerilimli ilişkisinden ortaya çıkan kriz, mimarlığın eğitim aracılığıyla sorunsallaştırılmasını sağlamış ve uzun erimli görülebilecek tartışmalar için bir altlık oluşturmuştur. Blondel’in bu konudaki ilginç fikirleri, mimarlık öğrenmenin yöntemlerini sorgulamaya açmıştır. Mimarlık eğitimi artık sadece belirli bir sınıfın erişebildiği ayrıcalıklı pozisyonunu kaybetmiş, isteyen herkesin gerekli derslere tek bir çatı altında ulaşabileceği bir modele dönüşmüştür. Bununla birlikte kralın mimarlığı anlamına gelen ve Académie’nin seçkin akademisyenleri tarafından tespit ve tasdik edilen klasik modeller aşınmaya uğramıştır. Bu “yeni” durum kaçınılmaz olarak kendi açmazlarını üretmiştir. Makalede mimarlık eğitiminin bağımsızlaşma yolculuğu anlatılırken, aktörlerin mimarlık aracılığıyla yeni disiplin rejimleri üretme arzularının çabaları da okunabilecektir.
Türkiye’de Siyasal Aktörlerin Kentsel Gelişime Etkisi ve Siyasal Benliğin İnşası
Authors: Ar Mazlum
Published: July 2024

Toplumsal, kültürel ve siyasal normların korunması ve geleceğe aktarılmasında mekân önemli bir role sahiptir. Bu özelliğinden ötürü mekânsal dokuya yönelik her türlü müdahalenin planlı, organize edilmiş ve çıkar çatışmasından soyutlanarak ortaya konulması gerekmektedir. Fakat özellikle modern dönemde mekân bir tür hegemonik mücadele alanına dönüşmüştür. Sanayileşmeyle birlikte kırsal nüfusun kentlere yığılmasıyla da bu mücadele daha çok kentsel mekânlarda ortaya çıkmıştır. Böylece kentler bir yandan çağın temel yaşam alanlarına evrilirken diğer yandan siyasal aktörlerin/gücün ve sistemlerin ideolojik açıdan yeniden üretim mekânları olmuştur. Bu noktada çalışmada, Türkiye’nin kentsel mekânsal dönüşümünde siyasal aktörlerin rolleri ve bunun toplumun siyasal dinamiklerinde (politik bilinç, kimlik, katılım, eylem vb.) ortaya çıkarttığı değişim sorunsallaştırılarak incelenmiştir. Karma (mixed) araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada, amaçlı/homojen örneklem çerçevesinde yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeye başvurularak katılımcıların öznel ifadeleri alınmış ve içerik analiz tekniğiyle çözümlenerek sayısallaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen nitel veriler ayrıca nicel analize tabi tutularak SPSS uygulamasıyla istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi ölçülmüş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, iktidar aktörleri tarafından sosyokültürel ve siyasal dinamiklerin göz ardı edilmesiyle kentsel alanlara yönelik ortaya konulan pratiklerin sosyal yapının siyasal bilinç, kimlik, katılım, eylem vb. olgularında çözülmeler meydana getirdiği, toplumun hegemonik yapının lehine mankurtlaştırıldığı anlaşılmıştır.
Mimarlar ve İnsani Yardım
Authors: Günenç Ömer Faruk
Published: July 2024

Mimarlık ve insani yardım sorunsalı çerçevesinde üretilen mimarlıklar üç başlık altında tasniflenebilir. Birincisi, acil durumlarda üretilen mekânsal pratiklerdir. Geçicilik zannıyla inşa edilen mülteci kampları ve geçici yerleşim yerleri bu gruba dâhil olabilir. İkincisi, afet ve savaş sonrasında kentsel ve kırsal alanlardaki fiziksel örgütlenmelerin kalıcı biçimlerde yeniden inşasını içerir. Üçüncüsü, sefil coğrafyalar, kırsal alanlar ve kentsel arka sokaklar olmak üzere çeşitli yer-zamanlarda nesneleştirilen ve toplumsallığın mimarlık mecrasıyla dönüştürülmeye çalışıldığı üretimleri imler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, üçüncü başlık altında faaliyet gösteren mimarlar arasından Francis Kéré, Anna Heringer ve Yasmeen Lari özelinde, insani yardımın tabiatına mimarlık mecrasıyla ekledikleri savlanan yeni bir özelliği tartışmaktır. Metnin giriş başlığında çizilmeye çalışılan daraltılmış bir çerçeveden sonra, aktörlere dair ayrı başlıklar altında kesitler sunulmuştur. Mimarlığı örgütleyiş biçimleri, mimar kimliğini/rollerini değiştirme yatkınlıkları ve fiziksel gerçekliklerinde karşımıza çıkan yere özgü çözümleri incelenmiştir. Böylece mimarlık dolayımıyla insani yardımın tabiatına eklenmeye çalışılan yeni özelliğin, toplulukların dışarıya bağımlılıklarını azaltmak ya da ortadan kaldırmak olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Biyoihtimamın Mülkiyet Üzerinden Organizasyonu ve Güvenliğin Eşitsiz Dağılımı
Authors: Batur Kamile
Published: July 2024

6 Şubat Depremleri akabinde afet hazırlığı olarak kentsel dönüşüm tekrar gündeme geldi. İskenderun’da riskli alan kararlarının iptal edilmiş olması devletin vatandaşlarının güvenliği için göstermesi gereken ihtimamın eksikliğine delil olarak sunuldu. Gölcük Depreminden bu yana devlet ve yaşam arasında kurulan yeni biyopolitik ilişki (biyoihtimam), yaşama iliştirilen toplumsal duygular ve hassasiyetlerle beraber şekillenerek, yaşamı kırılganlığı üzerinden tanımlamakta ve devleti bu kırılganlığın tespiti, giderilmesi konusunda sorumluluk ve inisiyatif sahibi haline getirmektedir. Fakat bu hassasiyet ve duygular belli araçlar ile rasyonalize edilmektedir. Bu araçlar risklerin ve ihtimamın eşitsiz dağılımını ve hatta bazı yaşamların kırılganlaştırılması doğallaştırılmaktadır. Risk odaklı kentsel dönüşüm ve bina yenilemelerine odaklanarak, bu makalede, bu rasyonelleştirme ve doğallaştırma mekanizmalarından birinin, sürecin mülkiyet odaklı organize edilmesi olduğunu göstereceğim. Depremlere ve diğer afetlere karşı kent sakinlerinin güvenliğini sağlamak, eşitsizlikleri merkeze alan alternatif mimari ve kentsel ihtimam pratikleri ile mümkün olabilir.
Health and medical researchers are willing to trade their results for journal prestige: results from a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Bohorquez Natalia Gonzalez , Weerasuriya Sucharitha , Brain David , Senanayake Sameera , Kularatna Sanjeewa , Barnett Adrian
Published: July 2024

The research community's fixation on journal prestige is harming research quality, as some researchers focus on where to publish instead of what. We examined researchers' publication preferences using a discrete choice experiment in a cross-sectional survey of international health and medical researchers. We asked researchers to consider two hypothetical journals and decide which they would prefer. The hypothetical journals varied in their impact factor, formatting requirements, speed of peer review, helpfulness of peer review, editor's request to cut results, and whether the paper would be useful for their next promotion. These attributes were designed using focus groups and interviews with researchers, with the aim of creating a tension between personal and societal benefit. Our survey found that researchers' strongest preference was for the highest impact factor, and the second strongest for a moderate impact factor. The least important attribute was a preference for making changes in format and wording compared with cutting results. Some respondents were willing to cut results in exchange for a higher impact factor. Despite international efforts to reduce the importance of impact factor, it remains a driver of researchers' behaviour. The most prestigious journals may have the most partial evidence, as researchers are willing to trade their results for prestige.
An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study of Momentary Emotion Intolerance: The Role of Trait Distress Tolerance, Emotional Intensity, and Arousal
Authors: Hawes Mariah T. , Kleiman Evan
Published: July 2024

BackgroundDistress intolerance is a transdiagnostic risk factor featured in many psychotherapy models. Prior research has focused almost exclusively on between-person, interindividual differences in trait distress tolerance, with limited research on within-person intraindividual fluctuations in distress intolerance using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). The purpose of the current study was to test the unique contributions of, and interaction between, momentary negative emotion intensity and trait distress tolerance in predicting momentary emotion intolerance. A secondary aim was to explore differences in these associations between high and low arousal negative emotions.MethodsAmerican university students (N = 50) completed a baseline questionnaire and EMA 6x daily for up to 8 weeks. Multilevel modeling with momentary emotion intolerance as the outcome examined main and interaction effects between momentary negative emotion intensity and trait distress tolerance. Separate models were conducted for low arousal, high arousal, and overall negative affect.ResultsMain effects were found for both predictors; however, the interaction effect was not significant in any model. The pattern of results did not differ substantively across models with different negative affect variables.ConclusionsOur findings bolster prior research demonstrating that distress intolerance varies substantially within-persons and correlates with more intense concurrent negative affect. While individuals lower in trait distress tolerance report greater momentary emotion intolerance on average, they do not appear to be rating equivalently intense emotions as more intolerable compared to individuals high in trait distress tolerance. Moreover, these relationships appear to be highly consistent across high and low arousal negative emotions.
Detrending Multi-Subject, Multilevel, Short Time Series Data
Authors: Xiong Xiaoyue , Li Yanling , Hunter Michael D. , Chow Sy-Miin
Published: July 2024

Trends represent systematic intra-individual variations that occur over slower time scales that, if unaccounted, are known to yield biases in estimation of momentary change patterns captured by time series models. The applicability of detrending methods have been rarely assessed when involving multi-level longitudinal panel data with relatively few measurements and nested structures. This paper evaluated the efficacy of various detrending methods against a single-stage Bayesian approach in extracting intra- and inter-individual change information from multi-level non-linear growth curve models with autoregressive residuals (ml-GAR), where random effects are present in both the growth and autoregressive (AR) processes. A Monte Carlo simulation study revealed that the single-stage Bayesian approach exhibited satisfactory properties with as few as five time points, whereas two-stage approaches still yielded relatively substantial biases in the parameters for the AR model that did not improve with increased number of subjects, even when detrending was performed with the correctly specified trend model. Empirical results from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Class (ECLS-K) data suggested substantial deviations in conclusions regarding children’s reading ability using two-stage in comparison to single-stage approaches for fitting the ml-GAR, thus highlighting the importance of simultaneous modeling of trends and intraindividual variability whenever feasible.
Math anxiety and associative knowledge structure are entwined in psychology undergraduate students but not in Large Language Models
Authors: Ciringione Luciana , Reigl Simone , D'Onofrio Isaia , Poquet Oleksandra , Gabriel Florence , Stella Massimo
Published: July 2024

Math anxiety poses significant challenges for university psychology students, impacting career choices and well-being. This study introduces a framework based on behavioral forma mentis networks (i.e., cognitive models mapping how individuals structure their associative knowledge and emotional perceptions of concepts) to explore individual and group-differences in the perception and association of concepts related to math and anxiety. We conducted 4 experiments involving psychology undergraduates from 2 samples (n1 = 72, n2 = 79) compared against GPT-simulated students (n3 = 300). Experiments 1, 2, and 3 employ individual-level network features to predict psychometric scores for math anxiety and its facets (observational, social and evaluational) from the Math Anxiety Scale. Experiment 4 focuses on group-level perceptions extracted from students’ and GPT-3.5’s networks. Results indicate that, in students, positive valence ratings and higher network degree for “anxiety” together with negative ratings for “math” can predict higher total and evaluational math anxiety. In contrast, human models do not work on GPT-based data because of differences in simulated networks and psychometric scores compared to humans. These results were reconciled also with differences found in the ways that high/low subgroups of simulated and real students framed semantically and emotionally STEM concepts. High math-anxiety students collectively framed “anxiety” in an emotionally polarizing way, absent in the negative perception of low math-anxiety students. “Science” was rated positively but contrasted against the negative perception of “math”. These findings underscore the importance of understanding concept perception and associations in managing students’ math anxiety.
Sequential Sampling from Social Media Feeds leads to Overestimation of Emotional Intensity
Authors: Schöne Jonas , Rocklage Matthew D. , Parkinson Brian , Goldenberg Amit
Published: July 2024

Social media users encounter an endless stream of emotional content every time they open theirfeeds. To make sense of this content and to understand the general emotional sentiment, usersneed to aggregate the influx of emotional expressions into representations of what others feel.How do users generate these aggregated evaluations? Across six studies (N = 1,051), using amock social media feed, we showed participants news articles, followed by sequences of userresponses. Participants estimated the emotional intensity of each response as well as the overallaverage emotionality of the response sequence. We found that participants overestimated theaverage emotionality of response sequences compared to the actual average based on theirindividual ratings (Study 1a). Overestimation of response sequences also led to strongeremotional reactions to news (Study 1b). Exploring the mechanism suggested stronger memoryfor more emotional responses (Study 2). We further provided proof that the emotional intensity ofresponses was the driver of overestimation by replicating the findings in sequences of individualwords (Study 3). We then turned to the consequences of overestimation, showing it wasassociated with perceiving more intense emotional responses as more representative of the norm(Study 4), and with overestimation of the emotionality of the newsfeed as a whole (Study 5).Estimation of the average emotionality of the response sequence was also predictive ofwillingness to share articles. This set of findings sheds light on how sampling from newsfeedsamplifies the perception of emotionality.
Correlates of First Romantic Love Episode in Young Adults
Authors: Bode Adam , Kowal Marta
Published: July 2024

Culture is full of examples of young people falling in love for the first time. These episodes are often portrayed as particularly intense. Nothing is known empirically, however, about the factors associated with the first episode of romantic love. This study used data from the Romantic Love Survey 2022 to investigate factors associated with the first episode of romantic love. A binary logistic regression revealed that when participants fell in love relative to when they started their romantic relationship, obsessive thinking about their loved one, and commitment were positively associated with the first episode of romantic love. These findings provide evidence which can inform future studies on factors associated with the first episode of romantic love.
Gene expression analyses of the ovaries in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) for reproductive trait using reference genome
Authors: Le Thi Hong Tham ,   School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Tran Thi Hai Yen , Vo Thi Minh Thu , Nguyen Viet Tuan , Nguyen Minh Thanh ,   School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,   School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,   Agriculture Victoria, Melbourne, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora Victoria, Australia,   School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: July 2024

The black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) is widely cultured in Vietnam and worldwide. Broodstock source for post-larval production still relies on the wild shrimps due to their higher reproductive quality in comparison with the domesticated broodstock. The aims of the current study were to analyse differential gene expression in the ovaries of black tiger shrimp between the stages of reproductive maturation using the reference genome-based approaches and to compare the results generated by these approaches. cDNAs of the ovarian samples were sequenced using the Illumina platform. Genome-guided assembly (GGA) was employed to generate 71,678 contigs with an N50 length of 1,587 bp. For gene expression analysis, the newly built-transcriptome-based approach identified a total number of 288 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) when the samples between the non-mature and mature stages were compared. The gene expression analysis using the reference mapping approach resulted in only 49 DEGs. The analyses indicated that many genes involved in the reproductive maturation were up-regulated, including vitellogenin, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2, and anti-lipopolysaccharide factor-like. Different results of gene expression from both approaches are discussed.