FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF THE NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE DYNAMICS OF PUBLIC HEALTH INDICATORS
Authors:   Federal research institute for health organization and informatics of ministry of health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Manoshkina Elena , Banteva Marina ,   Federal research institute for health organization and informatics of ministry of health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The new coronavirus pandemic has been a major health problem in most countries of the world for more than three years due to the severity of the disease, significant mortality, high contagiousness and significant prevalence of COVID-19. The study of the features of the course of COVID-19, as well as its impact on public health indicators, has a great epidemiological, medical, and socio-economic significance. Aim: to summarize information on the course of a new coronavirus infection and to identify trends in changes in some indicators of the public health of the Russian population against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. The article analyzes the scientific publications of Russian and foreign authors on the course of a new coronavirus infection public health indicators were analyzed, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research methods: statistical, analytical, mathematical statistics, descriptive statistics. Results. The new coronavirus infection can occur from asymptomatic to clinically pronounced forms with intoxication, fever, damage to the endothelium of blood vessels, lungs, heart, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, central and peripheral nervous systems and the risk of complications (acute respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism arteries, sepsis, shock, systemic multiple organ failure. In the age structure of the incidence of COVID-19 in 2021, the maximum indicator fell on groups of the working-age population, namely 30-49 years (33.0%) and 50-64 years (24.0%). In 2020, against the background of the pandemic, there was a decrease in the indicators of registered morbidity both in general and for all classes of diseases, with the exception of respiratory diseases, for which an increase of 14.4% was noted (from 324.0 in 2010 to 370.6 per 1000 people of the total population in 2020), and compared to 2019 in In 2020, the increase was 4.0%. In 2021 in general, the Russian Federation has seen an increase in the first-time registered incidence compared to 2020 by 12.79% (from 759.9 in 2020 to 857.1 per 1000 of the total population in 2021), as well as in all classes of diseases from 2.3% in the class of diseases of the digestive system to 8.0% in the class of diseases of the nervous system and 9.9% according to the class of respiratory diseases. The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection has had an impact on the level of life expectancy of the population, which in 2020, compared with 2019, decreased from 73.3 to 71.1 years, and in 2021 reached the level of 2012 - 70.2 years. In the future, there was an increase in the indicator of life expectancy of the population: so, in 2022, the indicator reached 72.6 years. Conclusion. The decrease in registration for all classes of diseases (except respiratory diseases) is due to the restriction of the provision of planned medical care to the population, as well as the restriction of medical examinations and preventive examinations. The increase in the incidence of respiratory organs is explained by the predominant lung damage in COVID-19. To minimize the consequences of the pandemic, the most relevant measures are currently conducting in-depth medical examinations and organizing a rehabilitation system for people who have suffered COVID-19.