bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Big data analytics for photovoltaic and electric vehicle management in sustainable grid integration
Authors: Choumal Apoorva , Rizwan M. , Jha Shatakshi
Published: January 2025

In recent years, integration of sustainable energy sources integration into power grids has significantly increased data influx, presenting opportunities and challenges for power system management. The intermittent nature of photovoltaic power output, coupled with stochastic charging patterns and high demands of electric vehicles, places considerable strain on system resources. Consequently, short-term forecasting of photovoltaic power output and electric vehicle charging load becomes crucial to ensuring stability and enhancing unit commitment and economic dispatch. The trends of energy transition accumulate vast data through sensors, wireless transmission, network communication, and cloud computing technologies. This paper addresses these challenges through a comprehensive framework focused on big data analytics, employing Apache Spark that is developed. Datasets from Yulara solar park and Palo Alto's electric vehicle charging data have been utilized for this research. The paper focuses on two primary aspects: short-term forecasting of photovoltaic power generation and the exploration of electric vehicle user clustering addressed using artificial intelligence. Leveraging the supervised regression and unsupervised clustering algorithms available within the PySpark library enables the execution of data visualization, analysis, and trend identification methodologies for both photovoltaic power and electric vehicle charging behaviors. The proposed analysis offers significant insights into the resilience and effectiveness of these algorithms, so enabling informed decision-making in the area of power system management.
Acceleration of a dielectric flyer by underwater electrical explosions of a metallic foil or by the generated shockwave and waterflow
Authors: Asmedianov N. , Grikshtas R. , Efimov S. , Krasik Ya. E.
Published: January 2025

The results of experiments and numerical modeling show that a polyoxymethylene (Delrin) flyer is accelerated to nearly the same velocity (∼800 m/s) by either the underwater electrical sub-μs timescale explosion of 15 μm thick Al and Cu foils, or by the shock and water flow generated by the explosion of these foils. Experiments were carried out on the high-current generator delivering to the foil, a current of ∼280 kA with a rise time of ∼450 ns. The velocity of the flyer was determined using a photonic Doppler velocimeter and multi-frame shadow images of the flyer. It was shown that thermal expansion of the foil leads to the destruction of the flyer but it is not so when the flyer is accelerated by the shock and the water flow. Additionally, spallation of the methyl methacrylate disk used as a support to the flyer was observed, with a spall velocity of up to ∼1200 m/s.
Integration of seed priming with nano-sized chitosan-proline and biochar application improves salt tolerance in differentially responding genotypes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
Authors: Al-Farsi Safaa Mohammed , Al-Sadi Abdullah M. , Ullah Aman , Rehman Abdul , Farooq Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Context Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses challenging alfalfa (Medicago sativa) production. Aims In this study, we evaluated the potential of nano-sized chitosan-proline (NsCP) seed priming and biochar application to enhance salt tolerance in alfalfa. Methods Seeds of two alfalfa genotypes (OMA-84, salt-sensitive; and OMA-285, salt-tolerant) were soaked for 18 h in aerated distilled water (hydropriming) or a solution of NsCP (100 mM) for seed priming. Seeds were then planted in plastic pots containing acid-washed pure sand supplemented with or without biochar (25 g kg−1 sand) and with or without salt stress (120 mM). Key results Both genotypes showed significant reduction in root and shoot growth, biomass production, and carbon assimilation under salinity stress, with more pronounced effects on OMA-84. However, applying both NsCP seed priming and biochar significantly improved the biomass production and plant photosynthetic assessment traits. Notably, this combined approach proved more effective in enhancing salt tolerance than individual treatments. Biochar amendment increased the Na+ and Cl− concentration but it also contributed to salt tolerance by elevating K+ level, promoting proline accumulation, and antioxidant activities. Conclusions NsCP seed priming enhanced the salinity stress tolerance in alfalfa genotypes by facilitating osmotic adjustment (proline accumulation), maintaining ionic homeostasis (higher K+ and lower Na+ concentration), and increasing the levels of α-tocopherol, flavonoids, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Implications Integrated application of NsCP and biochar significantly enhanced salt tolerance in alfalfa, demonstrating practical strategies for sustainable agriculture in saline environments by promoting ionic homeostasis, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant defence mechanisms.
Traditional Ecological Knowledge and practices associated with the Vanate (Raggiana Bird of Paradise, Paradisaea raggiana) along the Kokoda Track in Central Province, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Pulotu Challis , Katovai Eric , Pikacha Patrick
Published: January 2025

Context Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) is lost due to the increase of urbanisation, and the lack of transfer of this knowledge to younger generations. Aims The aim of this study was to examine the TEK of the Koiari Indigenous People of Central Province, Papua New Guinea (PNG) concerning the Vanate (Paradisaea raggiana), which is the national bird of PNG. Methods We used the mixed methods research methodology, specifically the convergent parallel mixed method design with a questionnaire. Forty eight interviews were conducted with respondents aged 17–83 years of age, from the villages of Ioribaiwa, Agulogo, Manari, and Efogi along the Kokoda Track. We collected information on the birds’ language name, habitat, abundance, and conservation status. Results There was high linguistic diversity in names used for Birds of Paradise (BOPs). The common generic name for ‘bird’ is Ugu, and for the Paradisaea raggiana, it is the Vanate. Ten species of BOPs were reported by respondents to occur in the area. Respondents identified lowland wet and lower montane wet forests as habitats for the Vanate. In terms of conservation status, most locals (52%) said the Vanate was hunted opportunistically. Most respondents (40%) stated that the Vanate was increasing in abundance due to a reduction in disturbance, and less hunting. Conclusion The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value showed that the most parsimonious model for Vanate abundance was locals who hunt and type of weapons (traditional) are the most parsimonious predictors of predicted abundance of the Vanate.
General practice registrar evaluation of long COVID in patients presenting with fatigue
Authors: Wilkins David , Tapley Amanda , Dizon Jason , Holliday Elizabeth , Davey Andrew , Fielding Alison , Moad Dominica , van Driel Mieke , Ralston Anna , Fisher Katie , Magin Parker , Stocks Nigel
Published: January 2025

Background Long COVID is a new and prevalent condition defined by persistent symptoms following acute COVID-19 infection. While increasing resources are being directed to management, there is little evidence on how general practitioners (GPs) have changed their assessment and differential diagnosis of patients with potential long COVID symptoms including fatigue. This study aimed to examine how often GP registrars consider long COVID in patients presenting with fatigue, how often they think long COVID might be the cause for fatigue, and patient, registrar, practice, and consultation factors associated with these outcomes. Methods Data were collected through Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT), an ongoing inception cohort study of GP registrars’ in-consultation experiences, during two collection rounds in 2022–2023. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between predictor variables and outcomes. Results A total of 969 registrars recorded 3193 consultations where fatigue was a symptom. Registrars reported considering long COVID as a differential diagnosis in 2563 encounters (80%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 79–82%). Of these, registrars thought long COVID was the likely cause for fatigue in 465 encounters (18%, 95% CI 17–20%). While no patient variables were significantly associated with either outcome, multivariable associations included telehealth consultations having greater odds of both outcomes and Australian-trained registrars having lesser odds of considering long COVID likely. Conclusions Registrars report usually considering long COVID as a differential for fatigue and frequently considering it a likely diagnosis. Telehealth usage was significantly associated with both outcomes. Future work should explore GPs’ diagnostic approaches to other potential long COVID symptoms.
Using a novel and validated survey tool to analyze sexual functioning following vaginoplasty in transgender individuals
Authors: Ramsay Alyxandra , Blankson Jo , Finnerty-Haggerty Lara , Wu Jiaxin , Safer Joshua D. , Pang John Henry
Published: January 2025

Background In the healthcare setting, transgender patients are often marginalized, face discrimination and have limited access to high-quality gender-affirming care, such as gender-affirming surgery (GAS). As a result, the available data pertaining to GAS are often based on convenience samples, and the majority of published studies in the US are cross-sectional. Transgender people may undergo GAS to align their bodies with their gender identities. There has been little emphasis on the GAS self-evaluated experience. GAS may be associated with improved quality of life in transgender people. This study aimed to analyze the functionality of transgender patients’ genitals following vaginoplasty. Methods A total of 306 transgender patients responded to a validated survey for patient-reported feminizing GAS outcomes. Surveys were given to patients prior to GAS, and then 2 weeks, 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. Pre- and post-GAS responses were compared using McNemar and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Self-identified race/ethnicity was available for all survey participants. All participants voluntarily took the same survey by using the same survey platform to eliminate bias. Results Five questions showed significant improvement between the 2-week and 6-month responses. These questions assessed if respondents had sensation in their clitoris (P = 0.031), the frequency that clitoral stimulation was pleasurable (P = 0.018), the presence of sexual activity in the past 3 months (P < 0.001), the ability to have penetrative vaginal intercourse (P = 0.031) and if labial irritation while walking or exercising decreased (P = 0.051). Significant differences were not detected between the 6-month and 12-month responses for any of the survey questions. Conclusions The results of five different metrics regarding sexual activity and vaginal functioning showed a significant improvement for transgender people following GAS. Findings also similarly demonstrate a high success rate of sexual activity after GAS. These are significant patient-reported outcomes using tools validated for the transgender population. Respondent outcomes significantly improved between the 2-week and 6-month time period, but did not differ between the 6-month and 12-month period, suggesting the ideal time to assess the above-described patient-perceived outcomes with vaginoplasty is 6 months postoperatively.
Sub-hourly forecasting of fire potential using machine learning on time series of surface weather variables
Authors: Ardid Alberto , Valencia Andres , Power Anthony , Boer Matthias M. , Katurji Marwan , Gross Shana , Dempsey David
Published: January 2025

Background Rapidly developing pre-fire weather conditions contributing to sudden fire outbreaks can have devastating consequences. Accurate short-term forecasting is important for timely evacuations and effective fire suppression measures. Aims This study aims to introduce a novel machine learning-based approach for forecasting fire potential and to test its performance in the Sunshine Coast region of Queensland, Australia, over a period of 15 years from 2002 to 2017. Methods By analysing real-time data from local weather stations at a sub-hourly temporal resolution, we aimed to identify distinct weather patterns occurring hours to days before fires. We trained random forest machine learning models to classify pre-fire conditions. Key results The models achieved high out-of-sample accuracy, with a 47% higher accuracy than the standard fire danger index for the region. When simulating real forecasting conditions, the model anticipated 75% of the fires (11 out of 15). Conclusions This method provides objective, quantifiable information, enhancing the precision and effectiveness of fire warning systems. Implications The proposed forecasting approach supports decision-makers in implementing timely evacuations and effective fire suppression measures, ultimately reducing the impact of fires.
Bacterial sensor evolved by decreasing complexity
Authors: Monteagudo-Cascales Elizabet , Gavira José A. , Xing Jiawei , Velando Félix , Matilla Miguel A. , Zhulin Igor B. , Krell Tino
Published: January 2025

Bacterial receptors feed into multiple signal transduction pathways that regulate a variety of cellular processes including gene expression, second messenger levels, and motility. Receptors are typically activated by signal binding to ligand-binding domains (LBDs). Cache domains are omnipresent LBDs found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, including humans. They form the predominant family of extracytosolic bacterial LBDs and were identified in all major receptor types. Cache domains are composed of either a single (sCache) or a double (dCache) structural module. The functional relevance of bimodular LBDs remains poorly understood. Here, we identify the PacF chemoreceptor in the phytopathogen
Pectobacterium atrosepticum
that recognizes formate at the membrane-distal module of its dCache domain, triggering chemoattraction. We further demonstrate that a family of formate-specific sCache domains has evolved from a dCache domain, exemplified by PacF, by losing the membrane-proximal module. By solving high-resolution structures of two family members in complex with formate, we show that the molecular basis for formate binding at sCache and dCache domains is highly similar, despite their low sequence identity. The apparent loss of the membrane-proximal module may be related to the observation that dCache domains bind ligands typically at the membrane-distal module, whereas studies have failed to find ligands bound in the membrane-proximal module. This work advances our understanding of signal sensing in bacterial receptors and suggests that evolution by reducing complexity may be a route for shaping diversity.
Strong precursor softening in cubic CaSiO
3
perovskite
Authors: Zhang Chi , Yang Jin-Yuan , Sun Tao , Zhang Huai , Brodholt John P.
Published: January 2025

CaSiO

3

perovskite (CaPv) is the last major mineral in the Earth’s lower mantle whose elasticity remains largely unresolved. Here, we investigate the elasticity of CaPv using ab initio machine-learning force fields (MLFF). At room temperature, the elasticity of tetragonal CaPv determined by MLFF molecular dynamics (MD) agrees well with experimental measurements after considering temperature induced variations in the hydrostatic structure, proving the effectiveness of the method. We use the MLFF MD in the

NPT

ensemble to establish the tetragonal–cubic phase boundary and confirm that in the lower mantle CaPv is in the cubic phase. The elasticity of cubic CaPv shows distinct temperature dependence at different ranges: it is linear at high temperatures, whereas it exhibits anomalous precursor softening near the tetragonal–cubic phase boundary. The temperature interval of precursor softening widens as the pressure increases and overlaps with the temperature profile of subducted cold slabs near the core–mantle boundary. While cubic CaPv is seismically invisible along the average mantle geotherm, it may induce low-velocity zones with negative temperature anomaly, leading to the view that the large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs) may be caused by subducted oceanic crust rich in CaPv with temperature lower than ambient mantle. A cool, rigid LLSVP may help explain the preferential formation of mantle plumes at its margins, as well as its weaker seismic anisotropy.
Imaging sound-soft targets in waveguides using the topological derivative
Authors: Karimov Umid , Monk Peter , Selgas Virginia
Published: January 2025

We investigate the use of shape sensitivity analysis based on topological derivatives to image a non-penetrable obstacle located inside a tubular acoustic waveguide. Assuming time-harmonic wave propagation, we reduce the problem to a finite section of pipe using the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map, and derive a closed form expression of the topological derivative for this situation. We investigate the method numerically on synthetic data. A particular feature of our study is the use of multi-frequency data.
Active resonant modes in the metastructure composed of a surface subwavelength grating and a vertically layered structure
Authors: Hao Chenxi , Zhang Jing , Yang Bo , Wang Minglu , Zheng Wanhua , Liu Anjin
Published: January 2025

An active metastructure composed of quantum wells, a surface subwavelength grating, and a finite-pair distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) with a Bloch surface wave, termed as active grating-DBR metastructure, is studied. The active grating-DBR metastructure has an antisymmetric mode and a symmetric mode. The antisymmetric mode has a high quality factor. The active grating-DBR metastructure is fabricated and the spectra are measured under continuous-wave current. Compared with the device without a surface subwavelength grating, the measured spectra of the device with a surface subwavelength grating have two peaks at around 945 nm and 960 nm, corresponding to the symmetric and antisymmetric modes, respectively. To reduce the mode losses of the active grating-DBR metastructure, the addition of a 10.5-pair 940 nm DBR is proposed below the vertical multilayer structure, and a heterostructure surface subwavelength grating is introduced to form heterostructures in both vertical and transverse direction. This study is useful for novel surface-emitting lasers.
Physics-guided multi-model baseline modeling for turboshaft engines with condition monitoring measurements
Authors: Chen Xiaonan , Xu Yu , Liu Yuan , Song Fangquan , Wang Yishou , Qing Xinlin
Published: January 2025

Accurate and reliable baseline modeling of gas turbines is crucial for effective gas path fault diagnosis. This study proposes a novel baseline modeling approach based on physics-guided multi-model method utilizing the engine condition monitoring measurements. The physics-guided multi-model architecture, comprising a baseline model and compensation models, employs environmental compensation to refine the output parameters. The baseline model is constructed using data from a single environmental condition. Compensation models are built using residual data between baseline model outputs and engine gas path measurements from other environmental conditions. This approach was validated using turboshaft ground test data across different seasons. Baseline models including output power (Pdn), high-pressure compressor outlet pressure (Ps3), and power turbine inlet temperature (Tt45) were developed using both single and multi-model methods. Back propagation (BP) networks and recurrent neural network were used to validate the physics-guided multi-model architectures. Comparing the prediction accuracies of single and multi-models reveals that the multi-model structure offers superior accuracy. The compensation-based multi-model method reduced the mean absolute error (MAE) by 57.3% relative to the uncompensated BP and by 44.6% relative to the multi-input BP, achieving final MAE values of 0.967% for Pdn, 0.78% for Ps3, and 2.3% for Tt45. At the same time, the multi-model approach enhances interpretability by separately predicting the effects of control and environmental parameters on engine monitoring parameters.
EEG correlates of acquiring race driving skills
Authors: Sultana M , Gheorghe L , Perdikis S
Published: January 2025

Objective. Race driving is a complex motor task that involves multiple concurrent cognitive processes in different brain regions coordinated to maintain and optimize speed and control. Delineating the neuroplasticity accompanying the acquisition of complex and fine motor skills such as racing is crucial to elucidate how these are gradually encoded in the brain and inform new training regimes. This study aims, first, to identify the neural correlates of learning to drive a racing car using non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) imaging and longitudinal monitoring. Second, we gather evidence on the potential role of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in enhancing the training outcome of race drivers. Approach. We collected and analyzed multimodal experimental data, including drivers’ EEG and telemetry from a driving simulator to identify neuromarkers of race driving proficiency and assess the potential to improve training through anodal tDCS. Main results. Our findings indicate that theta-band EEG rhythms and alpha-band effective functional connectivity between frontocentral and occipital cortical areas are significant neuromarkers for acquiring racing skills. We also observed signs of a potential tDCS effect in accelerating the learning process. Significance These results provide a foundation for future research to develop innovative race-driving training protocols using neurotechnology.
Temporal properties of transcutaneous direct current motor conduction block
Authors: Green David B , Bender Shane A , Acker III Gustaf M Van , Hill Hannah E , Kilgore Kevin L , Bhadra Niloy , Vrabec Tina L
Published: January 2025

Objective. Direct current (DC) electrical block of peripheral nerve conduction shows promise for clinical applications to treat spasticity, pain, and cardiac arrhythmias. Most previous work has used invasive nerve cuffs. Here we investigate the potential of non-invasive transcutaneous DC motor block (tDCB). Approach. In anesthetized rats, force output from the tibialis and peroneus muscles was measured in response to stimulation proximally on the sciatic nerve. DC blocking waveforms were delivered via a surface electrode placed distally on the skin over the common peroneal nerve. The efficacy of the block was observed as the reduction/abolition of muscle force. Experiments using this model were performed with two different electrode types. A range of DC amplitudes and durations were used to elucidate the temporal properties of block. Main results. Higher levels of DC resulted in a larger block percentage. The amount of time needed to induce block depended on the level of DC, with smaller amplitudes resulting in longer induction times. When block was applied for a longer period of time (120s), the block was sustained following DC delivery. This ‘recovery period’ was longer for higher amplitudes of block. In addition to the block thresholds and temporal effects, two additional evaluations were made: In some animals the efficacy of tDCB to block tetanic muscle contractions was successfully verified. Finally, the effect of tDCB on the stability of nerve conduction was verified using a second distal electrode for comparison. Significance. In this study, tDCB has been shown to reversibly block action potentials in peripheral motor nerves. A subthreshold amplitude applied for a longer duration could produce complete or partial block following a brief induction time. Also, a higher amplitude was associated with a longer recovery time. These temporal properties are important considerations for potential clinical applications.
Entanglement asymmetry in the critical XXZ spin chain
Authors: Lastres Marco , Murciano Sara , Ares Filiberto , Calabrese Pasquale
Published: January 2025

We study the explicit breaking of a SU(2) symmetry to a U(1) subgroup employing the entanglement asymmetry, a recently introduced observable that measures how much symmetries are broken in a part of extended quantum systems. We consider as specific model the critical XXZ spin chain, which breaks the SU(2) symmetry of spin rotations except at the isotropic point, and is described by the massless compact boson in the continuum limit. We examine the U(1) subgroup of SU(2) that is broken outside the isotropic point by applying conformal perturbation theory, which we complement with numerical simulations on the lattice. We also analyse the entanglement asymmetry of the full SU(2) group. By relying on very generic scaling arguments, we derive an asymptotic expression for it.
CZT detector based spectrometer for drone and balloon borne measurements
Authors: Hildén T. , Kalliokoski M. , Leppänen A.-P. , Paatero J. , Sorri J. , Turpeinen R.
Published: January 2025

Balloon-borne Instrument for Spectral Scanning of high-altitude Environments (BISSE) is a lightweight gamma-ray measurement setup that can be placed in standard weather balloons and can be retrieved after the flight. This allows multiple flights with a relatively small cost. The purpose of BISSE is to record spectral information on radiation at high altitudes. To obtain good spectral resolution with relatively small weight we use a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector which has crystal dimension of 1 cm cubed. The commercially available detector is housed in a container which holds it at normal pressure at high altitudes. In this paper we present the design of our setup and show some measurement results. We also simulated the expected response of the detector at various altitudes.
Parallel CPU- and GPU-based connected component algorithms for event building for hybrid pixel detectors
Authors: Čelko T. , Mráz F. , Bergmann B. , Mánek P.
Published: January 2025

The latest generation of Timepix series hybrid pixel detectors enhance particle tracking with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, their high hit-rate capability poses challenges for data processing, particularly in multidetector configurations or systems like Timepix4. Storing and processing each hit offline is inefficient for such high data throughput. To efficiently group partly unsorted pixel hits into clusters for particle event characterization, we explore parallel approaches for online clustering to enable real-time data reduction. Although using multiple CPU cores improved throughput, scaling linearly with the number of cores, load-balancing issues between processing and I/O led to occasional data loss.
We propose a parallel connected component labeling algorithm using a union-find structure with path compression optimized for zero-suppression data encoding. Our GPU implementation achieved a throughput of up to 300 million hits per second, providing a two-order-of-magnitude speedup over compared CPU-based methods while also freeing CPU resources for I/O handling and reducing the data loss.
Modulation of western North Pacific tropical cyclone decadal variability by the Victoria mode
Authors: Wen Tao , Li Jianping , Tu Shifei , Ding Ruiqiang , Zhong Quanjia , Li Xumin
Published: January 2025

Intense tropical cyclones (TCs) in the southeastern western North Pacific (SE-WNP) significantly impact East Asian coastal nations. Decadal variability in TC genesis frequency (TCGF) has been linked to the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), a major sea surface temperature (SST) pattern in the North Pacific. However, based on extended observation records, we show that the decadal variability of SE-WNP TCGF is mainly driven by the Victoria mode (VM), a secondary but prominent SST pattern in the North Pacific. During the positive VM phase, the SE-WNP TCGF is more than usual due to the anomalous large-scale environmental fields induced by the VM-related central North Pacific SST anomalies; conversely, the SE-WNP TCGF is less during the negative VM phase. This highlights the crucial role of the VM in modulating TC activity, challenging the traditional view that the PDO is the dominant factor, with important implications for SE-WNP TC climate predictions.
Enhancing Hydroponic Systems with ESP32: An IoT Approach to Real-Time Monitoring and Automation
Authors: Kurniasari Arvita Agus , Dewi Puspitasari Pramuditha Shinta , Perdanasari Lukie , Mei Yuana Dia Bitari , Jumiatun
Published: January 2025

Indonesia’s limited arable land, exacerbated by urbanization and industrialization, poses a significant challenge to sustainable agriculture. With only 7.1 million hectares of paddy fields and 30% of the land deemed critical or unproductive, innovative methods like hydroponics are essential. Hydroponics, a cultivation technique relying on water and nutrient solutions instead of soil, requires precise environmental management. This research introduces an IoT-based system to optimize hydroponic farming in Indonesia. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller to monitor and control environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, pH, nutrient concentration, and light intensity. By automating adjustments, the system aims to enhance plant growth and yield. A prototyping method was adopted to ensure effective system development, resulting in a final product that meets desired objectives. Through testing, the system components demonstrated their expected performance, accurately collecting data and responding automatically to environmental changes. The 10 tests conducted under varying conditions revealed that the IoT device accurately measured temperature, humidity, and soil moisture. These results validate the successful integration of IoT technology into hydroponic systems, contributing to sustainable and efficient hydroponic agriculture in Indonesia.
Ergonomic Evaluation of a Drum Dryer Machine Using the RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) Method: Case Study Instant Sweet Potato Flour Production
Authors: Mayasti N K I , Novianti F , Septiyansyah H , Hidayat D D , Indriati A , Furqon M , Herminiati A , Rahman T , Andriansyah R C E , Rahayuningtyas A
Published: January 2025

The instant sweet potato flour production process using a drum dryer machine consists of 3 operators with different tasks and unnatural working postures. The working principle of the drum dryer machine is to dry the instant flour dough with a double cylinder equipped with a heater so that dry dough sheets are produced. Operator 1 is tasked with inserting liquid dough into the top of the cylinder, and operators 2 and 3 take dry dough sheets from the front and back. This research evaluates ergonomics by analyzing working posture when operating a drum dryer machine to make instant flour. The method used is RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment). The research results show that the working posture of operators 1 and 2 has a final score of 7 with an ergonomic level of 4. Operator 3 has a score of 6 with an ergonomic level of 3. Ergonomic risk level 4 indicates that the working posture of operators 1 and 2 has a high risk and requires immediate improvement to minimize the risk of injury to MSDs.
Agronomic performance, genetic variability estimation and mutant selection in M3 generation of sorghum under optimum condition
Authors: Anisiyah  , Indriatama Wijaya Murti , Sihono  , Bachtiar Taufiq , Nurcholis Muhammad , Herlambang Susila , Human Soeranto
Published: January 2025

The population resulting from mutations in the M3 generation generally has a diversity that can be selected to obtain mutants with the desired character. This study aimed to observe the agronomic performances of the M3 generation of sorghum and to estimate its genetic parameters as information for selection. The genetic materials used in this research were 242 sorghum mutant lines of the M3 generation, and six comparison genotypes, namely Numbu, Samurai-1, Kawali, Pahat, B-35, and Watar Hammu Putih (parent). This experiment used an augmented design. The result analysis revealed that the genotype treatments affected the differences in performance of panicle length, stem diameter, and chlorophyll content characters. Significant differences were also seen between the control genotypes on all the observed characters. The appearance of sorghum mutant lines and control genotypes showed substantial differences in panicle length, stem diameter, panicle weight, biomass weight, leaf chlorophyll content, and seed yield characters. The wide genetic diversity and high heritability values were indicated by plant height, panicle length, panicle weight, and chlorophyll content characters. Using panicle weight as a selection character in M3 populations has increased the differential selection of stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll content, biomass, and seed yield characters.
Assessment of insect population abundance and its effect on the production value of fresh fruit bunches of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Authors: Taufika R , Erawati D N , Fisdiana U , Humaida S , Harlianingtyas I
Published: January 2025

Over the last three years, Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production in Indonesia has fluctuated. One of the factors causing fluctuations in CPO production is resistance and resurgence, which causes an explosion in the population of secondary pests and a decrease in the population of pollinator insects and natural enemies. This study aimed to analyze the insect population based on the abundance level and insects’ role in oil palm plantations. It also analyzed the estimated production of oil palm fresh fruit bundles based on fruit census based on age. The research was conducted in the 7-year-old oil palm collection garden of Politeknik Negeri Jember. Insect population data were collected for 90 consecutive days in all oil palm trees. Production estimation was carried out by census of fruits aged 0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, and 5-6 months. Parameters observed were an abundance of each insect species and estimated and realized production. Data analysis used the Shannon-Wienner diversity index, production estimation equation, and production distribution. The results showed that insects caught in oil palm plantations were ten families, with a total of 614 individuals, with the family of Formicidae having the highest species abundance. Estimated oil palm production 2024 for 12 consecutive months is 266; 252.5; 234.1; 215.7; 169.8; 156.1; 133.1; 128,5; 105,6; 192,8; 252,5; 270,8 kg. This shows that insect populations affect the value of fresh fruit bunch production.
Analysis of superior agricultural sector commodities to increase economic growth in Sumenep District
Authors: Maflahah I , Utomo S Joko , Asfan D Farida , As Fathor
Published: January 2025

Economic growth can be increased according to the natural potential of a region. Sumenep district has relatively high agricultural potential. Economic improvement must be made wisely, especially in determining superior agricultural commodities. This study aims to analyze the leading commodities in food crop agricultural commodities and the classification of economic growth in Sumenep District. The method approach used is Location Quotient and Shift Share analysis. The data is on the food crop production (paddy, corn, soybeans, and sweet potatoes) per subdistrict in Sumenep District in 2020 - 2023. The analysis shows that the distribution of superior paddy commodities in Sumenep District is in Batuan, Lenteng, Manding, Gapura, Batang-Batang, Raas, and Sapeken Districts. Corn commodities are in Pragaan, Bluto, Saronggi, Giligenting, Talango, Kalianget, Lenteng, Ganding, Pasongsongan, Ambunten, Rubaru, Dasuk, Batuputih, Gayam, Raas, Kangean, and Masalembu Subdistricts. The superior commodity of sweet potato was spread in Pragaan, Saronggi, Giligenting, Kalianget, Batuan, Lenteng, Rubaru, Dasuk, Batuputih, Gapura, Batang-Batang, Dungkek, Nonggunong, Gayam, Raas, and Masalembu Subdistricts.
Development of Food Seasoning using Sub-standard Fish Cracker, Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) and Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii)
Authors: Hoy J M , Hamid M A , Ayub M S , Suratman R , Effendi M M , In’am A
Published: January 2025

The study focuses on sub-standard fish crackers (amplang) that do not meet quality standards but are sold at reduced prices which affecting business profitability. It aims to create a seasoning powder using sub-standard fish crackers, pumpkin (C. moschata), and seaweed (K. alvarezii). Six formulations with varying proportions of sub-standard fish cracker (55% and 65%), pumpkin powder (20%) and seaweed powder in proportions of 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% were developed and evaluated for physicochemical properties and sensory acceptance. 65% addition of sub-standard fish cracker to the seasoning powder produced a brighter colour. Formulation (F5) with 65% sub-standard fish cracker and 3% seaweed powder obtained the highest acceptance. F5 exhibited improved nutritional quality with higher ash, protein and dietary fibre content compared to control. The seaweed powder also helped to improve the seasoning powder’s mineral profile, which is low in sodium and high in potassium. An eight-week storage study on F5 showed stable properties throughout, including water activity, colour, peroxide value, free fatty acid and microbiological status. Overall, the study offers a strategic approach to enhance the utilization of sub-standard fish crackers, improving acceptability and nutritional value for consumers.
Electric agriculture hand tractor conversion kits: a technological design, performance analysis, and innovative conversion techniques
Authors: Budiprasojo A , Tyagita D A , Rofii A
Published: January 2025

The shift to electric tractors is vital for sustainable agriculture, yet developing efficient conversion kits for two-wheeled tractors presents technical challenges in battery technology, motor performance, and system integration. This study aims to synthesize recent advancements in electric tractor conversion kits, focusing on technological designs, performance metrics, and innovative conversion methods using recent literature, deployed based on required formulas. Key parameters evaluated include battery energy density, motor torque, and efficiency of power control systems. High-capacity lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) 72V 100Ah batteries offer energy densities up to 200 Wh/kg and rapid charging rates of 1C. Electric motors max power 5kW (6,7 HP). Sustainable for agricultural applications deliver up to max 150 Nm or 19 Nm of torque at low speeds, with power densities of 3 kW/kg. Advanced power control systems employ adaptive algorithms, achieving 80% efficiency in dynamic power distribution. Electric tractor conversion kits demonstrate substantial improvements in efficiency and performance. The integration of high-performance batteries, robust motors, and sophisticated power control systems offers a viable path toward enhanced sustainability in agriculture. The adaptive power control system optimized performance across various operational conditions.
Formulation And Characterization Of Polychar Plus Granule Organic Fertilizer For Agronomic Testing On Tobacco Plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Authors: Cahyaningrum DG , Sugiyarto  , Wilujeng EDI , Sulistyono NBE , Soelaksini LD , Adnyani NNP
Published: January 2025

Polychar plus granule was manufactured in granulated form from biochar that enriched with beneficial fungi act as decomposers for operational convenience. The preceding research substantiates the potential of utilizing organic materials, specifically coconut shells, for the production of biochar in Jember to augment plant growth. The study encompassed the formulation of a composite comprising coconut shell biochar and sheep manure compost, integrated with a decomposer containing Trichoderma harzianum DT 38, T. pseudokoningii DT 39, Aspergillus sp, and white rot fungi. The resultant product, denominated. The investigation centered on tobacco plants, the principal commodity of Jember Regency, and was conducted from May to September 2024 using a randomized block design featuring two variables: Polychar Plus Granule Dosage (G) (0.00; 12.5; 25.0; 37.5 gr/kg soil) and anorganic fertilizer dosage (P) (0;25;50;100)% from standard operating procedures (S0P). Data analysis was executed utilizing ANOVA and DMRT at a 5% significant level. The findings revealed that the application of anorganic fertilizer doses significantly influenced leaf width but yielded insignificant effects on leaf length and count. Conversely, the application of polychar plus granules showed an insignificant effect, thus requiring dose recombination in further research.
Aplication of Humic Acid and Fulvic Acid on the Growth of Chrisant (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium) Plants
Authors: Rohman HF , Sukri MZ , Azizah M , Putra DE , Prasetyo H , Fadilah AR
Published: January 2025

One of the popular houseplants in Indonesia, Chrysanthemum flowers offer great prospects for use as vase flowers, room decorations, and bouquets. However, Chrysanthemum cultivation still faces challenges in increasing fertilization efficiency through proper soil fertility management and improving the growth and quality of cutting Chrysanthemum flowers. Adding humic acid and fulvic acid, which can improve plant metabolism and soil fertility, is one method to improve fertilization efficiency. This research aimed to assess the effect of humic acid and fulvic acid on the growth of cutting chrysanthemum plants. The research was carried out at Teaching Factory Nursery and Cut Flowers, Politeknik Negeri Jember, from May to December 2024, with an altitude of ± 650 masl and a temperature of 18-25°C. We employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) research design, which included nine treatment combinations: control, which did not include humic and fulvic acids, humic acid at 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm, and fulvic acid at 500, 1,000, 1500, and 2000 ppm, which we repeated three times. Each experiment unit consisted of 100 plants with 30 observation samples. The study observed two key parameters: the height of the plants and the number of leaves. The analysis showed that the deployment of fulvic acid and humic acid at certain concentrations had a considerable effect on the growth of chrysanthemums. In particular, fulvic acid at a concentration of 500 ppm increased plant height during the early stages of growth, while humic acid at a concentration of 1500 ppm increased leaf number over a longer period of growth.
The Effect of Using Solid Decanter Bioconversion Products on the Performance of Laying Hens in the Pullet Period
Authors: Hasanuddin Asriani , Rusdi Rusdi , Gobel Minarny , Fatmawati Fatmawati
Published: January 2025

A study aimed at looking at the effect of using palm mud (solid decanter) as a bioconversion product on the performance of laying hens during the pullet period. Two hundred pullet laying hens were reared for 18 weeks, given 5 levels of bio converted palm sludge, namely; R0 (control treatment without using bio converted palm sludge); R1 (use of 6% bio converted palm sludge; R2 (use of 12% bio converted palm sludge; R3 (use of 18% bio converted palm sludge) and R4 (use of 24% bio converted palm sludge). Rations were mixed with iso protein and iso calories at 18% of protein. Five treatments and four replications were used in the research design, resulting in 20 experimental units with ten laying hens each. The research findings indicated that while the treatments had no significant effect on feed conversion ratio and ration intake (P>0.05), they had a substantial impact on egg production (HDP), egg mass, and income over feed cost (IOFC) (P<0.05). One bird in R1 group died during experimental period. In coclusion, the use of bio converted palm sludge waste (solid decanter) could be included in the ration up to 24% and can support the production performance of laying hens.
Palatability response test of hydroponic fodder (Oryza sativa, Zea mays, and Vigna radiata) in thin-tailed sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Kusuma S B , Wulandari S , Bahariawan A , Respati A N , Adhyatma M , Ruswanto B N Z
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the effect of plant type on palatability response in thin-tailed sheep. This study used a completely randomized design. The factor is the type of plant consisting of rice (Oryza sativa), corn (Zea mays), and green beans (Vigna radiata). Each treatment was repeated 4 times. Palatability response variables measured included grasping time (seconds), consumption amount/minute (g) and consumption time/100g (minutes). Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variety (ANOVA) and differences between means were analyzed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that different plant species had no significant effect (P>0.05) on grasping time and consumption time. However, mung bean hydroponic feed showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in the number of consumption/minutes compared to corn and rice. The conclusion of this study is that mung bean hydroponic feed has the best palatability, seen from the amount of consumption/minute which is 83 ± 8.12 g/minute. However, it is still necessary to further study the production capacity and price per kg as feed to achieve feed efficiency.
Feasibility and potential impact of a local proficiency testing program in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Ahmad Yembur , Sarpong Kwabena A N , Bansah Lois Y , Adafia Ruth , Asare Felix , Amukele Timothy K
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To implement a pilot proficiency testing (PT) program in Accra, Ghana, using locally produced PT materials and to explore the relationship between laboratory test costs and laboratory quality in Accra, Ghana.

Methods

Remnant serum samples from a local laboratory were pooled, aliquoted, and distributed to a convenience sample of 23 laboratories in Accra, Ghana, 2 of which had International Organization for Standardization (ISO) accreditation. One of the ISO-accredited laboratories was designated as the reference/target, and the range for passing was based on international criteria. Test cost, test results, and testing instruments used were compiled.

Results

Of the 23 laboratories, 18 submitted results. Total testing costs ranged from 80 to 312 Ghanaian cedi (GH₵) (7-26 USD). Overall accuracy (pass rate) was calculated per laboratory and per analyte. The mean laboratory accuracy was 61% (15%-92%). The pass rate for individual analytes ranged from 18% to 94% (mean, 72%). There was no correlation between test cost and pass rate.

Conclusions

The pass rates of clinical laboratories in Accra, Ghana, varied from 15% to 92%, and there was no relationship to test cost. A PT program to objectively evaluate each laboratory’s performance is needed. Making the PT material locally, as in this study, is a financially sustainable approach.
PTTM: dissecting the profile of tumor tissue microbiome to reveal microbiota features and associations with host transcriptome
Authors: Yao Ruiqian , Sun Lu , Gao Ruifang , Mei Yue , Xue Geng , Yu Dong
Published: January 2025

Microbiota is present in the human tissue microenvironment and closely related to tumorigenesis and treatment. However, the landscape of tissue microbiome and its relationship with tumors remain less understood. In this study, we re-analyzed the omics data from the 7104 samples (94 projects for 15 cancers) in the NCBI database to obtain microbial profiles. After normalization and decontamination processing, we established classification models to distinguish between different tumors and tumor with adjacent normal tissues. The models had excellent performances, indicating that tissue microbiome had significant tumor specificity. Moreover, a series of key bacteria and bacteria-gene association pairs were screened out based on bioinformatic analysis, such as the tumor-promoting bacteria Fusobacterium, the tumor-suppressing bacteria Actinomyces, and the significant Rhodopseudomonas-COL1A1 association pair. In addition, we created a visual website, PTTM (http://198.46.152.196:7080/), for users to query and download the results. The identified key bacteria and association pairs provide candidate targets for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of microbial action on tumorigenesis and the development of cancer therapy.