bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fronteras afectivas de la esfera pública y semiótica pragmática
Authors: Peñamarín Cristina
Published: September 2020

Se estudia aquí cómo puede una perspectiva semio-pragmática contribuir al estudio de la comunicación pública, de las formas de mediatización y de las condiciones que hacen posible la recepción y el sentido de los asuntos públicos. Se propone un objeto de análisis intermedio, el asunto o problema público, entre la dimensión macro, de las mentalidades y las enciclopedias, y la micro, de las situaciones y textos particulares, pero capaz de conectar ambos niveles. La investigación se centra en el espacio-tiempo de la recepción y en la vinculación entre sentido, imaginación y afecto en la actividad interpretativa.
Estimating Productivity of Manufacturing Sector in Shanghai: A Comparative Study
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Yunqing , Pan Wenjie
Published: September 2020

The manufacturing sector is the foundation of a nation’s industrial structure, and its productivity is closely related to the quality of economic development. The paper uses DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) models to measure Manufacturing TFP (Total Factor Productivity) and the factors affecting its growth in Shanghai since 1996, and compares Shanghai’s TFP growth with other major manufacturing provinces in China. The results show that Shanghai has no significant advantages over other provinces under the combined action of the internal and external factors. Turning to the development mode driven by the “two-wheel” of both technological progress and technical efficiency is an important way to increase the productivity of manufacturing sector in Shanghai.
Measurement and Drivers of Financial Inclusion in Cote d’Ivoire: A Case Study of Oil Palm and Rubber Tree Producers in Sud-Comoé Region
Authors: Kouadio Hugues , Gakpa Lewis Landry
Published: September 2020

This study uses data collected by ENSEA within the framework of the Agricultural Sector Support Project in Côte d'Ivoire (PSAC) carried out in 2015 to measure, firstly, the financial availability, use and quality of financial inclusion of farmers in the rural region of Sud-Comoé of Côte d'Ivoire and, secondly, to examine the factors that influence their choices in terms of financial inclusion. To this end, we construct indices for each of the three dimensions (access, use and quality) and a synthetic financial inclusion index. The results of the univariate analysis reveal that farmers in the zone are poorly financially included in terms of the "use" and "quality" dimensions, and that the overall financial inclusion situation of farmers in the Sud-Comoé is low (33% of farmers are financially included). To achieve the second objective, we used a logit model. The empirical results indicate that farmers with no schooling and fewer qualifications are more likely to be financially excluded; that the high cost of banking services and the low income of farmers limit their financial inclusion and, finally, that the experience acquired by farmers on the farm and the savings products offered by financial institutions are the factors that stimulate the financial inclusion of farmers. In addition, the education variable partly explains why financial inclusion is more frequent among rubber tree farmers than among oil palm farmers. In view of these results, economic choices and decisions must be targeted according to these empirical findings to increase the level of financial inclusion of producers, the true pillars of the economy of Côte d’Ivoire.
Bedaquiline in the treatment of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in China
Authors: Han X. , Chen X. , Sha W. , Zhang X. , Qiu L. , Wang J. , Wu G. , Yao L. , Lv Y. , Zhang X. , Zhou J. , Tang S. , Chu N.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/XDR-TB) continues to be a challenge in China. Bedaquiline (BDQ) is associated with accelerated sputum culture conversion and favourable treatment outcomes when added to a preferred background regimen. This
post-hoc study aimed to assess the outcomes of BDQ treatment in Chinese patients with MDR/XDR-TB.METHODS: Data from 51 Chinese patients who participated in a global Phase 2, open-label, single-arm study (TMC207-C209) were analysed for effectiveness and safety of the BDQ-containing
regimen.RESULTS: During the 24-week BDQ treatment, adverse events (AEs) occurred in 48 patients (94.1%), with the most common AE being hyperuricemia. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) was reported in 13 patients (25.5%); serious DILI was reported in one patient (2.0%). Seven (13.7%)
AEs were considered to be possibly related to BDQ by the investigators. Only one Grade 1 QTc prolongation was reported; no QTcF >500 ms was reported. One death occurred after BDQ treatment due to progressive TB. The median time to sputum culture conversion was 85 days based on the 24-week
data. The sputum culture conversion rate was 82% at 24 weeks and 78% at 120 weeks; 66% of patients achieved a cure.CONCLUSIONS: BDQ was well-tolerated and effective for treating MDR-TB among Chinese patients.
Density of cigarette retailers around educational facilities in Indonesia
Authors: Adisasmito W. , Amir V. , Atin A. , Megraini A. , Kusuma D.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: With 61.4 million smokers in 2018, Indonesia makes a significant contribution to the global number of smokers. The latest data show that smoking is increasingly common in youth.OBJECTIVE: To examine the density of cigarette retailers around formal and informal
educational facilities in Indonesia.METHODS: We employed geospatial and quantitative analyses using data on cigarette retailers (from surveys during July–August 2019) and educational facilities in Depok City. Data analyses, in ArcMap 10.6 and Stata v15, compared the density
within 100 m and 100–200 m from the facility.RESULTS: We found a 40% higher density of cigarette retailers in areas close to educational facilities. This high density is similar between formal (i.e., primary, junior high, and senior high schools) and informal educational facilities
(i.e., early years education centers and mosques). Moreover, compared to the average, the density is higher near primary schools and senior high schools.CONCLUSION: There is a higher density of cigarette retailers around formal and informal educational facilities in Indonesia. This
evidence confirms there is a need to regulate cigarette retailers near educational facilities, to enforce the ban on sale to minors and to ban product displays at retailers.
Implementing universal rifampicin testing for TB in Pakistan: results and implications for the TB response
Authors: Tahseen S. , Siddiqui M. R. , Khanzada F. M. , Bhutto M. M. , Baloch A. Q. , Van Gemert W. , Creswell J.
Published: September 2020

SETTING: A large specialised chest hospital in Pakistan.OBJECTIVE: To study outcomes of comprehensive Xpert® MTB/RIF and universal rifampicin testing.DESIGN: A hospital-based, 3-year retrospective record review of registered TB patients.RESULTS:
During the study, 11 744 TB patients were registered when the number of annual notifications remained stagnant. Xpert use increased dramatically in adults with pulmonary TB (PTB) from less than 1% tested with Xpert alone in 2016, to 81.6% by 2018. Significant increases were seen in
bacteriologically confirmed PTB in adults from 64% to 77.3% (P < 0.001). No remarkable changes were seen in testing and confirmation of PTB in children or extrapulmonary TB. Significantly lower (P < 0.001) rifampicin resistance (RR) was observed among those with smear-negative
compared to those with smear-positive results among new (1.0% vs. 5.1%) and previously treated PTB cases (2.0% vs. 14.4%). Most importantly, a significant decline in RR was observed among previously treated individuals, from 15.4% (95%CI 12.2–19.0) to 8.6% (95%CI 6.6–11.0) during
the study. A decrease in RR was also documented in newly diagnosed PTB patients, but this was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: Universal rifampicin testing is feasible in adult PTB patients; a decline in RR was seen among previously treated individuals with PTB.
Gimnazija ili četverogodišnja strukovna škola? Osobne i socijalne odrednice odabira vrste srednjoškolskog obrazovanja
Authors: Šabić Josip , Matić Bojić Jelena , Marušić Iris
Published: September 2020

Integrativni teorijski modeli, poput socijalno-kognitivne teorije obrazovnih i karijernih izbora, prepoznaju brojnost i složenost odrednica učeničke odluke o odabiru vrste srednjoškolskog obrazovanja. No, malobrojna su istraživanja u kojima se istodobno provjeravao doprinos većeg broja odrednica te odluke. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti doprinos različitih osobnih i socijalnih odrednica učeničkog odabira gimnazijskog ili četverogodišnjeg strukovnog obrazovanja; obrazovnih odabira koji omogućuju izravnu prohodnost prema visokom obrazovanju. Osobne su odrednice spol, školski uspjeh, akademska samoefikasnost, samopoštovanje te čimbenici odabira srednjoškolskog obrazovanja, dok su socijalne odrednice učeničke procjene radnog i obrazovnog statusa roditelja te srednjoškolske aspiracije roditelja za dijete. U istraživanju su korišteni podatci prikupljeni upitnicima na učenicima 7. i 8. razreda 23 zagrebačke osnovne škole (N=784). Testiran je binarni logistički model kojim je ispitan relativni doprinos odrednica u objašnjenju odabira vrste srednjoškolskog obrazovanja. Od osobnih odrednica ulogu u učeničkim odabirima imaju spol, školski uspjeh i samoefikasnost. Četverogodišnje strukovno obrazovanje češće žele upisati mladići, učenici/ce nižeg uspjeha i niže samoefikasnosti. Među socijalnim odrednicama ulogu imaju radna aktivnost majke i srednjoškolska aspiracija roditelja za dijete. Četverogodišnje strukovno obrazovanje češće žele upisati učenici/ce čije su majke radno neaktivne, čiji roditelji žele da oni upišu četverogodišnje strukovno obrazovanje te učenici/ce koji nisu upoznati s aspiracijama svojih očeva za njih. Rezultati potvrđuju dosadašnje nalaze o povezanosti individualnih varijabli poput školskog uspjeha i samoefikasnosti s namjerama učenika vezanim za upis gimnazijskoga ili četverogodišnjeg strukovnog obrazovanja. Među socijalnim odrednicama, aspiracije roditelja pokazale su se važnijima za djetetovu namjeru upisa vrste srednjoškolskog obrazovanja od njihova socioekonomskog statusa.
Das Virus und die gespaltene Stadt
Authors: Eckardt Frank
Published: September 2020

Die gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Corona-Krise lassen sich vor allem in Städten beobachten. Die These aber, dass es das urbane Zusammenleben als solches ist, das dazu führt, dass sich Menschen in der Stadt infizieren, berücksichtigt nicht die gesellschaftlichen Faktoren, die eine Ausbreitung der Pandemie befördern oder hemmen. Das Vorhandensein von Sozialkapital, wie anhand soziologischer Studien zum Hurrikan Katrina ersichtlich wird, spielt vor allem für ärmere Menschen eine entscheidende Rolle. Für die Analyse der gesellschaftlichen Folgen der Pandemie müssen im Sinne einer konstruktivistischen Desaster-Soziologie die sozialen Ausschlussmechanismen untersucht werden. Die Situation von Kindern in ärmeren Haushalten, älteren Menschen, Geflohenen und Obdachlosen verdeutlicht, dass sich die sozialen Spaltungen in der Stadt vertiefen.
Indigene Landrechte in Zeiten des Klimawandels und der Verhandlung um das Freihandelsabkommen Mercosur am Beispiel Brasilien
Authors: Carstens Margret
Published: September 2020

How to assess the issue of indigenous land rights in the face of man-m⁠a⁠d⁠e climate change and Amazon fires? How to classify the EU free trade agreement „Mercosur“ and relevant climate, environmental and indigenous rights? What are legal opportunities for indigenous people(s) on the international, inter-American and EU level, to prevent the loss of land and forests, and to protect themselves from climate change? On the basis of indigenous land and environmental rights in Brazil and reactions to the Amazon fires, environmental regulations of the "Mercosur Pact" as well as concerned human and indigenous rights are discussed. Further, this article deals with relevant inter-American law (individual indigenous land rights) and international law (collective land rights). Environmental and climate law provide legal and political options for indigenous people(s), for instance in Brasil. Negative impacts of climate actions on indigenous peoples, the competition between environmental protection areas and indigenous territories, the inclusion of indigenous knowledge in sustainable environmental protection and the allocation of Global Public Goods are discussed. There are various interactions between climate and biodiversity protection, human rights, indigenous peoples rights, and free trade between the EU and South America. While protecting forests as a carbon sink, negative environmental or social consequences must be avoided. Like trade agreements, environmental standards for the protection of the Brazilian Amazon rain forest should be enforceable. To reduce deforestation and to confine the effects of climate change, indigenous peoples rights have to be strengthened. The free, prior, and informed consent of indigenous peoples to projects that may affect their territories is essential. It requires effective, coordinated solutions to protect human rights and indigenous land rights, and it needs a sustainable preservation of climate and forests - nationally and internationally. A collapse of the Amazon forest ecosystem would have global climate effects. In Brazil, alternatives to deforestation and destruction are: strengthening the rule of law and agro-ecology, and to defend indigenous territories.
Privatised Autonomy for the Noongar People of Australia – a sui generis Model for Indigenous Non-territorial Self-government
Authors: Villiers Bertus de
Published: September 2020

The Noongar people of the federal state of Western Australia have recently entered into what can be described as the most comprehensive settlement of a native title claim that spans an area of 200 000 square kilometres. The Settlement lays the foundation of a sui generis model for indigenous and minority self-determination in Australia and beyond. The Settlement sits between the spheres of public law and private law and provides for a form of non-territorial autonomy that is unique not only to Australia. The Noongar people are acknowledged as the traditional owners of the entire area, albeit that major other towns and cities are located in the area and the Noongar people only constitute very small minority. Whereas the topic of non-territorial self-government has been mainly explored in theory and in practice in the European domain, the Noongar Settlement shows how the principles that embody non-territorial autonomy may find root in other parts of the world. The potential relevance of the Noongar Settlement for non-territorial self-government of Aboriginal people or other minorities lies in four essential elements: firstly, creating for the Noongar people legal Corporations by statute for purposes of their self-government; secondly, decentralising powers and functions to the Corporations to enable them to perform the functions of a community government to its members; thirdly, to enable the elected Corporations to develop policies, make decisions and deliver pubic services on a personal rather than a geographical basis to the members of the community; and fourthly, to allow the Corporations to cooperate with and engage other levels of government within the system of intergovernmental relations in Australia. The Noongar Corporations, in effect, have the hallmarks of a fourth level government and represent a potential sui generis model for indigenous and minority non-territorial self-government.
Biological Application and Disease of Oxidoreductase Enzymes
Authors: Legesse Habte Mezgebu , Assefa Beyene Etsegenet
Published: September 2020

In biochemistry, oxidoreductase is a large group of enzymes that are involved in redox reaction in living organisms and in the laboratory. Oxidoreductase enzymes catalyze reaction involving oxygen insertion, hydride transfer, proton extraction, and other essential steps. There are a number of metabolic pathways like glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, drug transformation and detoxification in liver, photosynthesis in chloroplast of plants, etc. that require the direct involvements of oxidoreductase enzymes. In addition, degradation of old and unnecessary endogenous biomolecules is catalyzed by a family of oxidoreductase enzymes, e.g., xanthine oxidoreductase. Oxidoreductase enzymes use NAD, FAD, or NADP as a cofactor and their efficiency, specificity, good biodegradability, and being studied well make it fit well for industrial applications. In the near future, oxidoreductase may be utilized as the best biocatalyst in pharmaceutical, food processing, and other industries. Oxidoreductase play a significant role in the field of disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. By analyzing the activities of enzymes and changes of certain substances in the body fluids, the number of disease conditions can be diagnosed. Disorders resulting from deficiency (quantitative and qualitative) and excess of oxidoreductase, which may contribute to the metabolic abnormalities and decreased normal performance of life, are becoming common.
Some Applications of Clifford Algebra in Geometry
Authors: Gu Ying-Qiu
Published: September 2020

In this chapter, we provide some enlightening examples of the application of Clifford algebra in geometry, which show the concise representation, simple calculation, and profound insight of this algebra. The definition of Clifford algebra implies geometric concepts such as vector, length, angle, area, and volume and unifies the calculus of scalar, spinor, vector, and tensor, so that it is able to naturally describe all variables and calculus in geometry and physics. Clifford algebra unifies and generalizes real number, complex, quaternion, and vector algebra and converts complicated relations and operations into intuitive matrix algebra independent of coordinate systems. By localizing the basis or frame of space-time and introducing differential and connection operators, Clifford algebra also contains Riemann geometry. Clifford algebra provides a unified, standard, elegant, and open language and tools for numerous complicated mathematical and physical theories. Clifford algebra calculus is an arithmetic-like operation that can be well understood by everyone. This feature is very useful for teaching purposes, and popularizing Clifford algebra in high schools and universities will greatly improve the efficiency of students to learn fundamental knowledge of mathematics and physics. So, Clifford algebra can be expected to complete a new big synthesis of scientific knowledge.
Reforming Crown Copyright in Canada
Authors: Wakaruk Amanda
Published: September 2020

The public domain status of US federal government works has been a point of envy for librarians working in Commonwealth countries for more than a century. Absent of the constructed barriers of copyright controls, anyone is able to freely reproduce, share, and build upon US federal government publications. This results in greater distribution, and thus greater visibility and impact, for the expertise of federal employees including scientists, policy analysts, and statisticians. It also helps prevent copyright chill, which occurs when legitimate rights are not exercised due to a fear of infringement, real or imagined.
CMAS INFILTRATION EFFECT ON THE MAGNITUDE OF RESIDUAL STRESSES IN THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS
Authors: YAÑEZ CONTRERAS PEDRO , BARCEINAS SANCHEZ JOSE DOLORES OSCAR , POBLANO SALAS CARLOS AGUSTIN , MEDINA FLORES JOSE MARTIN , LEON RODRIGUEZ MIGUEL , JIMENEZ GARCIA JOSE ALFREDO
Published: September 2020

Thermal Barrier Coatings ("Thermal Barrier Coatings" - TBC) are used in the hot sections of gas turbines to provide protection against corrosion and hot oxidation of critical components, it consists of two layers of different materials deposited on a substrate metal.
Strata-Mapping the Detroit River Border with the Hamilton Perambulatory Unit
Authors: Ng-Chan Taien
Published: September 2020

The Hamilton Perambulatory Unit (HPU)’s strata-mapping framework is an experimental research-creation practice that focuses on how spatial meaning is created through a performative “stratigraphic” sensing and researching of a site. The international border between Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario makes an especially compelling site for experimental cartographies in light of the conflicts over borders and walls in the current political environment. At the southernmost tip of the Great Lakes system, we focused our attention on this river border as a material site and geopolitical space: it enabled us to investigate alternate possibilities for sensing and envisioning the layered and conjoined histories of this fluid space. The Ojibwe name for this location is waawiiatanong ziibi, “where the river bends,” suggesting a radically different spatial imaginary than the divided space that has been established through colonial and national histories. Experimental cartographies can thus help to develop alternate ways of experiencing such sites, an initial step towards decolonizing the spatial imaginary through a project of delinking. In September 2018, we conducted a workshop entitled Buoyant Cartographies, focusing on a performative and intermedial investigation into spatial meanings and their construction on Peche Island, which sits in the middle of the Detroit River. This was one of three Detroit River sites investigated in the workshop, with contributions from workshop organizers and HPU co-conspirator Donna Akrey.
Tales of an Ancient Whisperer (2018)
Authors: Te Sahar
Published: September 2020

In the fall of 2017, I found a series of books with the title Lands and Peoples at the University of Toronto Swap Shop. I went through the illustrations in the books and stared at the images featuring palm trees for longer than I would usually spend on any image.

After that, I started to notice the consistent presence of the palm in different contexts. It was “the image” of the date palm that became the centre of my attention and that triggered memories of my personal encounters with the date palm and its fruit.

Flashback to my grandfather’s burial and every funeral I have ever been to in Iran…

Memories! Not only of my own, but collective memories. I remembered many stories that directly involved dates. There were flashbacks perhaps shaped by my personal memories, those of others, and from the media. I was unable to tell them apart; deep-seeded roots of history.

During the winter of 2017, I gathered as much information as I possibly could about the date palm. In early spring of 2018, I bought a box of “Oriental Dates” from an Iranian market in North York, Ontario. I planted the “Oriental Date” seeds and they germinated within three weeks. A month after that, the first seed sprouted. A thousand different possibilities were shaped…
More than just a pool
Authors: Cinquin Amanda , Cinquin Olivier
Published: September 2020

An intricate stem cell niche boundary formed by finger-like extensions generates asymmetry in stem cell divisions.
Intergenerational implications of alcohol intake: metabolic disorders in alcohol-naïve rat offspring
Authors: Mierzejewski Pawel , Zakrzewska Alicja , Kuczyńska Julita , Wyszogrodzka Edyta , Dominiak Monika
Published: September 2020

Alcohol drinking may be associated with an increased risk of various metabolic diseases. Rat lines selectively bred for alcohol preference and alcohol avoidance constitute an interesting model to study inherited factors related to alcohol drinking and metabolic disorders. The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of selected laboratory biomarkers of metabolic disorders in blood samples from naïve offspring of Warsaw alcohol high-preferring (WHP), Warsaw alcohol low-preferring (WLP), and wild Wistar rats. Blood samples were collected from 3-month old (300–350 g) alcohol-naïve, male offspring of WHP (n = 8) and WLP rats (n = 8), as well as alcohol-naïve, male, wild Wistar rats. Markers of metabolic, hepatic, and pancreatic disorders were analysed (levels of homocysteine, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides andγ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and amylase serum activities). Alcohol-naïve offspring of WHP, WLP, and wild Wistar rats differed significantly in the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, homocysteine, as well as in the activity of GGT, ALT, AST, and amylase enzymes. Most markers in the alcohol-naïve offspring of WHP rats were altered even thought they were never exposed to alcohol pre- or postnatally. This may suggest that parental alcohol abuse can have a detrimental influence on offspring vulnerability to metabolic disorders.
Two new nematode species (Plectida: Leptolaimidae, Rhadinematidae) from Chatham Rise, New Zealand
Authors: Leduc Daniel
Published: September 2020

Two new species of the order Plectida are described from Chatham Rise, New Zealand. Leptolaimus dififtinus sp. nov. is characterised by the short body 319–420 microns long, truncate labial region slightly offset from body contour and bearing conspicuous outer labial papillae, cephalic setae 1.3–1.4 microns long, amphid located 4–9 microns from anterior end, lateral alae originating from middle of buccal cavity length, female without supplements, male with precloacal and postcloacal pairs of subventral setae, nine tubular supplements (alveolar supplements absent), tubular supplements weakly S-shaped with pointed tip, spicules arcuate 24 microns or 1.4 cloacal body diameters long and dorsal gubernacular apophyses. Lavareda iramscotti sp. nov. is characterised by adult body length 3,023–3,121 microns long, eight longitudinal rows of body pores each with short papilla, cephalic setae 4–5 microns long, tail 146–165 microns long, male with spicules 54 microns long, gubernaculum with triangular apophyses, 20 precloacal supplements with bifid distal tips arranged in 9 + 1 + 10 pattern, female with vulva at 55% of body length from anterior and cuticularisation perpendicular to vagina at level of vulva. The present study provides the first record of a Leptolaimus species from the New Zealand region and the first description of a female specimen of the genus Lavareda.
Peyami Safa’s Novels at the Intersection From Modern to Modernist Fiction
Authors: TEKŞAN Mesut
Published: September 2020

Batı romanında 20. yüzyılın başlarında yeni roman anlayışı ve yeni anlatım teknikleriyle geleneksel/ gerçekçi romandan farklı romanlar yazıldığı görülmüştür. Özellikle James Joyce, Franz Kafka ve Virginia Woolf gibi yazarlar yeni roman
ve anlatım teknikleriyle yazdıkları romanlarla roman sanatında yeni bir dönem başlatmışlardır. Yeni roman anlayışı ve yeni anlatım teknikleriyle yazılan bu romanlar modern romandan sapma veya “modernist roman” olarak adlandırılmıştır.
Batı romanında 20. yüzyılın başlarında görülen modernist roman örneklerinin benzerleri Türk romanında gecikmeli olarak yüz yılın ikinci ve üçüncü çeyreğinde görülmeye başlamıştır. Türk edebiyatında roman eğilimleri Batıda olduğu
gibi sıralı olmamıştır. Bu nedenle bazı romanlarda hem modern ve hem de modernist roman tarzı bir arada görülmektedir. Oğuz Atay’ın 1972’de yayınlanan Tutunamayanlar adlı romanı bazı edebiyat çevrelerince ilk modernist roman olarak
kabul edilirken bazılarınca Attila İlhan’ın 1953’te yayınlanan Sokaktaki Adam’ı ilk modernist roman kabul edilmektedir. Türk romanında Oğuz Atay’a ve Attila İlhan’a gelinceye kadar Batı romanında görülen yeni roman ve anlatım teknikleriyle
yazan Abdülhak Şinasi Hisar, Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar ve Peyami Safa gibi sanatçılar vardır. Abdülhak Şinasi Hisar Fahim Bey ve Biz (1941), Çamlıca’daki Eniştemiz (1944) ve Nizamettin Beyin Alafrangalığı ve Şeyhliği (1952); Ahmet Hamdi
Tanpınar, Huzur (1949) ve Saatleri Ayarlama Enstitüsü (1961) ve Peyami Safa, Matmazel Noraliya’nın Koltuğu (1949), Yalnızız (1951) ve Biz İnsanlar (1959) adlı romanlarında modernist romanın birçok unsuruna yer vermiştir. Modern
romandan modernist romana geçiş kavşağında yer alan bu romancıların adı geçen romanlarında modernist romanın birçok unsuru bir arada veya iç içe görülmektedir. Bu sanatçılar gerek roman hakkındaki görüşleri ve gerekse yeni roman
anlayışıyla yazdıkları romanlarla Türk roman tarihinde modernist romanın öncüleri ve müjdecileri olmuşlardır. Bu makalede Peyami Safa’nın adı geçen romanları modernist roman bağlamında değerlendirilmektedir.
Building Design Team Communication: Implications for Project Success in Nigeria
Authors: Ikudayisi Ayodele Emmanuel , Oviasogie Akugbe Collins
Published: September 2020

Within building design team, communication has increasingly become multifaceted. Yet, despite the fast increasing communication modes and the introduction of design tools, most projects are still delivered below expectations. This study investigated the implication of design team’s communication on project success using a mixed research method (Quantitative and Qualitative approaches). Eighteen completed projects were randomly selected from five public organizations in Ibadan, Nigeria. Participants were drawn from the design professionals and client representative involved in each of the project (N=102). The quantitative data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis while qualitative data from semi-structured interviews were subjected to content analysis. Adequate participation of team members in meetings, provision of adequate information and appropriate use of design tools emerged as the key communication qualities which affect the project success. Based on these findings, recommendations were made towards improving design team effectiveness.
Nutritional and Phytochemical Content of Cissus populnea (Okoho) Stem Bark
Authors: Achikanu Cosmas Ezekaibeya , Ani Onuabuchi Nnenna
Published: September 2020

In this study, the nutritional and chemical contents of the stem bark of Cissus populnea were determined. The analyses were carried out using standard methods. The proximate analyses showed that the sample contains crude protein (1.49±0.02%), crude fibre (22.13±0.62%), crude fat (13.07±0.26%), carbohydrates (56.04±0.78%), ash (4.605±0.23%) and moisture (2.665±0.33%). The vitamin content comprise of vitamin A (2.805±0.03 mg/g), β-Carotene (1.795±0.03 mg/g), vitamin B1 (0.93±0.02 mg/g), vitamin B2 (1.755±0.15 mg/g), vitamin B9 (1.67±0.10 mg/g), vitamin C (2.235±0.17 mg/g), vitamin D (2.02±0.1 mg/g), vitamin E (1.41±0.08 mg/g) and vitamin K (2.425±0.21 mg/g). The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids (1.551 ±0.03 mg/g), flavonoids (0.761±0.10 mg/g), saponins (2.208±0.07 mg/g), steroids (1.452±0.04 mg/g), tannins (1.987±0.01 mg/g), terpenoids (1.530±0.09 mg/g) and phenols (0.447±0.06 mg/g). Glycoside was not detected. The results indicate that the stem bark of Cissus populnea is a good source of food nutrients and phytochemicals. These phytochemicals may be responsible for the medicinal properties of the plant.
On gω-Open Sets in Grill Topological Spaces
Authors: Saif Amin , Al-Hawmi Mohammed , Al-Refaei Basheer
Published: September 2020

The propose of this paper is to introduce and investigate a weak form of ω-open set in grill topological spaces. We introduce the notion of -open set as a form stronger than βω-open set and weaker than ω-open set and -open set. By using this form, we study the generalization property, the interior operator, closure operator and θ-cluster operator.
Effect of Afforestation of Arabica Coffee on the Physical and Sensorial Quality of the Bean
Authors: Souza I. I. de M. , Araújo E. da S. , Jaeggi M. E. P. C. , Simão J. B. P. , Rouws J. R. C. , Souza M. N.
Published: September 2020

Brazil is a world leader in coffee production, however, the quality of the grain differs between the different production systems, which influences the price paid for the product in the national and international market.

Aims: Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the influence of Arabica coffee afforestation on the physical and sensorial quality of the bean.

Methodology: The study was carried out in the Caparaó region, which involves part of the Espírito Santo state region and another part of the Minas Gerais state, Brazil. For the experiment, nine properties with of coffee. Catuaí vermelho IAC-44 was cultivated in two different situations: a plot of land on the full sole and another of wooded land. In each property, two samples were collected, one per area, representing the coffee in full sun and the other the wooded coffee, and in one of the properties samples were collected in two different areas of wooded coffee. Thus, in total, nine samples of crops in full sun and 10 of forest crops with different species were used, such as cedar, eucalyptus, palm heart, polyculture (characterized by shading with species of fruit and wood) and bananas. The samples consisted of seven liters of cherry coffee, selectively harvested, in the middle third of 20 randomly chosen plants.

Results: The results showed that the quality of the coffee, physical and sensorial, is influenced by the cultivation system (wooded and in full sun), the degree of influence depends on the type of companion plant.

Conclusion: Systems in forest crops with cedar and eucalyptus showed the least number of defects in raw beans and the highest proportion of flat beans (% CG). Treatment of wooded coffee with polyculture showed a higher percentage of coarse mocha (% MG). The cultivation of forested coffee with polyculture has an even better sensory quality, compared to the other treatments studied.
Assessment of Antioxidant Effects of Aqueous, Ethanolic and Methanolic Extracts of Morus mesozygia Linn. Stapf., Leaves in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Joshua Marcella Tari , Nwachuku Edna O. , Boisa N. , Nduka Nsirim
Published: September 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was therefore to assess the antioxidant effects of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Morus mesozygia Linn. Stapf., Leaves in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Study Design:  The study is an experimental case-controlled study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Biochemistry Research Laboratory, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between June 2018-April 2019.

Methodology: A total of 65 male albino rats that weighed between 150g to 200g were used for this research study. Three different extracted solvents; aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic leaves extracts were administered to different groups of the rats. The male albino rats for this study were induced with a single dose of 40mg/kg b.wt, intraperitoneally of streptozotocin in 0.1M of citrate buffer, pH 4.5. The diabetic male rats were those whose fasting blood glucose (FBG) were from 250 mg/dl or 13 mmol/L and above.

Results: The results showed that there were significant increases in the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD,411.8±1.49) ng/ml, total antioxidant status (TAS,75.25±0.42) mU/ml, total oxidant status (TOS,353.51± 6.07) mU/ml activity, an oxidative stress index of 4.69±0.05 and a reduced concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA of 19.0± 1.49 mmol/L) when rats were treated with 400mg/kg of aqueous leaves of Morus mesozygia Linn. S., when compared with those of rats treated with 200mg/kg of aqueous leaf extracts of MMLS. Other methods of extractions (methanolic and ethanolic), also improved the antioxidant statuses of the diabetes induced and treated rats.

Conclusion: Methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Morus mesozygia Linn. S ameliorated oxidative stress, in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, with the methanolic extract showing the most potent effect.
Pseudo‐Bonding and Electric‐Field Harmony for Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Oxide Cathode
Authors: Chen Jun , Zou Guoqiang , Deng Wentao , Huang Zhaodong , Gao Xu , Liu Cheng , Yin Shouyi , Liu Huanqing , Deng Xinglan , Tian Ye , Li Jiayang , Wang Chiwei , Wang Di , Wu Hanwen , Yang Li , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo
Published: September 2020

The practical application of Li‐rich Mn‐based oxide cathode is predominately retarded by the capacity decline and voltage fading, associated with the structure distortion and anionic redox reactions. Here, a linkage‐functionalized modification approach to tackle these challenges via a synchronous lithium oxidation strategy is reported. The doping of Ce in the bulk phase activates the pseudo‐bonding effect, effectively stabilizing the lattice oxygen evolution and suppressing the structure distortion. Interestingly, it also induces the formation of spinel phase Li4Mn5O12 in the subsurface, which in turn constructs the phase boundaries, thereby arousing the interior self‐built‐in electric field to prevent the outward migration of bulk oxygen anions and boost the charge transfer. Moreover, the formed coating layer Li2CeO3 with oxygen vacancies accelerates Li+ diffusion and mitigates electrolyte cauterization. The corresponding cathode exhibits superior long‐cycle stability after 300 cycles with only a 0.013% capacity drop and 1.76 mV voltage decay per cycle. This work sheds new light on the development of Li‐rich Mn‐based oxide cathodes toward high energy density applications.
Direct Detection of Ultraweak CO Signal with Cavity Plasmon by Resonant Vibration–Plasmon Coupling
Authors: Yang Da‐Jie
Published: September 2020

Direct, instant, and quantitative detection of molecules is highly desirable, however, optical detection of dilute gas molecules in the single molecular limit is extremely challenging. According to a recent experiment, a thin CO molecule layer will be absorbed at the edge of a metallic nanoparticle when the particle is exposed to CO environment; therefore, optical sensor becomes possible with such a layer. Here, a prototype plasmonic sensor for direct CO molecules detection based on the vibrational coupling to the surface plasmon polariton resonance in a finite metal/insulator/metal (MIM) nanocavity is proposed and investigated. Thanks to the ultrahigh spectral sensitivity of the cavity plasmon and its enhanced coupling to the CO stretch vibration, the single‐layered molecules in the cavity split the plasmon resonance in its optical spectra. The molecular signal is amplified by up to three orders of magnitude, giving a detection limit of ≈800 molecules, which lowers down the detection limit of molecule numbers by more than three orders of magnitude than the traditional surface plasmon‐based sensors. In the investigation, analytical vibration/cavity–plasmon coupling model developed herein agrees well with the numerical results. The study offers a promising way toward small molecule detection with plasmonic sensors.
Transition‐Metal‐Free C‐S Bond Forming Strategy towards Synthesis of Highly Diverse Pyrazole Tethered Benzothiazoles: Investigation of their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Malakar Chandi C. , Singh Virender
Published: September 2020

A metal‐free domino approach has been devised towards construction of two C−S bonds for the synthesis of bioactive N, S‐heterocycles. The developed method was extended for the preparation of structurally diverse pyrazole tethered benzothiazole frameworks by using one‐pot operation of pyrazole C‐3/4/5 carbaldehydes, electron rich aromatic amines and elemental sulfur. This protocol provides excellent fluorophores with several additional advantages such as transition metal‐free approach, inexpensive and odorless sulfur source, superior atom economy, and broad substrate scope including gram scale synthesis. The synthesized pyrazole tethered benzothiazole fluorophores were evaluated for their luminescent properties including absorbance, excitation, emission, molar extinction coefficient, brightness, and Stokes shift. The photophysical studies revealed that these pyrazole and benzothiazole hybrids emerged as excellent fluorophores and could exhibit fluorescence quantum yield up to 66%.
Polyvinyl alcohol/multi‐walledcarbon nanotubes nanocomposites with ordered macroporous structures prepared byice‐templating
Authors: Guimarães Raul , Lapér Miguel L. , de Castro Vinícius G. , Silva Glaura G. , Xavier Ludmila G. O. , Matencio Tulio , Houmard Manuel , Nunes Eduardo H. M.
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate in this study that it is possible to prepare three‐dimensionally ordered macroporous polymer structures by ice‐templating. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a model system in this study, but the processing route proposed here can be applied to other polymer systems. Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were incorporated into the PVA matrix at concentrations up to 12 wt% to investigate the influence of this addition on the mechanical and electrical properties of the obtained scaffolds. Different freezing routes were used, namely unidirectional, radial, and bidirectional freezing. The addition of MWCNTs had a strengthening effect on the scaffolds, especially when added at loadings around 2 wt%. Samples prepared by unidirectional freezing displayed larger mechanical stability, but materials derived from radial and bidirectional freezing showed a higher electrical conductivity. The obtained materials exhibited apparent porosity above 85%, which can be of great interest in many applications.
Two simple and rapid methods based on maximum diameter accurately estimate large lesion volumes in acute stroke
Authors: Kufner Anna , Stief Jonas , Siegerink Bob , Nolte Christian , Endres Matthias , Fiebach Jochen B.
Published: September 2020

Background

We compared two simple and rapid diameter‐based methods (ABC/2, od‐value) in terms of their accuracy in predicting lesion volume >70 ml and >100 ml.

Methods

In 238 DWI images of ischemic stroke patients from the AXIS2 trial, maximum lesion diameter and corresponding maximum orthogonal diameter were measured. Estimation of infarct volume based on od‐value and ABC/2 calculation was compared to volumetric assessments.

Results

Accuracy of od‐value and ABC/2 was similar for >70 ml (92.0 vs. 87.4) and >100 ml (92.9 vs. 93.3). ABC/2 overestimated lesion volume by 29.9%, resulting in a lower specificity.

Conclusions

Od‐value is a robust tool for patient selection in trials.
Serum N‐Glycome analysis reveals pancreatic cancer disease signatures
Authors: Vreeker Gerda C. M. , Hanna‐Sawires Randa G. , Mohammed Yassene , Bladergroen Marco R. , Nicolardi Simone , Dotz Viktoria , Nouta Jan , Bonsing Bert A. , Mesker Wilma E. , van der Burgt Yuri E. M. , Wuhrer Manfred , Tollenaar Rob A. E. M.
Published: September 2020

Background &Aims

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer type with loco‐regional spread that makes the tumor surgically unresectable. Novel diagnostic tools are needed to improve detection of PDAC and increase patient survival. In this study we explore serum protein N‐glycan profiles from PDAC patients with regard to their applicability to serve as a disease biomarker panel.

Methods

Total serum N‐glycome analysis was applied to a discovery set (86 PDAC cases/84 controls) followed by independent validation (26 cases/26 controls) using in‐house collected serum specimens. Protein N‐glycan profiles were obtained using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry and included linkage‐specific sialic acid information. N‐glycans were relatively quantified and case‐control classification performance was evaluated based on glycosylation traits such as branching, fucosylation, and sialylation.

Results

In PDAC patients a higher level of branching (OR 6.19, P‐value 9.21 × 10−11) and (antenna)fucosylation (OR 13.27, P‐value 2.31 × 10−9) of N‐glycans was found. Furthermore, the ratio of α2,6‐ vs α2,3‐linked sialylation was higher in patients compared to healthy controls. A classification model built with three glycosylation traits was used for discovery (AUC 0.88) and independent validation (AUC 0.81), with sensitivity and specificity values of 0.85 and 0.71 for the discovery set and 0.75 and 0.72 for the validation set.

Conclusion

Serum N‐glycome analysis revealed glycosylation differences that allow classification of PDAC patients from healthy controls. It was demonstrated that glycosylation traits rather than single N‐glycan structures obtained in this clinical glycomics study can serve as a basis for further development of a blood‐based diagnostic test.
Correlates of affective empathy, perspective taking, and generativity among a sample of adults
Authors: Versey H. Shellae , Kakar Saakshi A. , John‐Vanderpool Simone D. , Sanni Mubarak O. , Willems Paul S.
Published: September 2020

Previous research suggests that empathy can be cultivated by social ideals and relationships with people. The current study examines family importance and religious importance as correlates of affective empathy, perspective taking, and generativity among a sample of adults aged 18 to 35 (N = 722). Given the ethnic and racial diversity represented by Millennials and Generation Z, the moderating role of racial group membership is explored as well. Results indicate that family importance is positively associated with affective empathy, perspective taking, and generativity for the overall sample, though the relationship is particularly strong for non‐Hispanic whites. Religious importance is significantly related to affective empathy and generativity (not perspective taking), primarily among Black, Indigenous, and/or People of Color. Due to the increasing visibility of victimization towards socially vulnerable groups, it is important to understand how attitudes oriented towards helping and empathizing with others are fostered. Implications for further research are discussed.
Native woodland establishment improves soil hydrological functioning in UK upland pastoral catchments
Authors: Murphy Thomas R. , Hanley Mick E. , Ellis Jon S. , Lunt Paul H.
Published: September 2020

Extreme rainfall and flood events are predicted to increase in frequency and severity as a consequence of anthropogenic climate change. In UK upland areas, historical over‐grazing and associated soil compaction have further exacerbated peak flood levels and flash‐flood risk along many river catchments. As a result, the reinstatement of upland woodland is increasingly seen as a key component of an integrated suite of options forming part of natural flood management (NFM) associated with a 'public money for public goods' approach to European agriculture. Nevertheless, understanding the impact of native woodland establishment on upland soil hydrology remains relatively poor. We compare physical and hydrological properties from the surface soils of establishing woodland and grazed pasture across four flood vulnerable upland headwater catchments in Dartmoor National Park, SW England. We show upland native woodland establishment is a viable soil recovery option, with a doubling of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, increased 'wetness threshold' and reduced surface soil compaction and bulk density within 15 years of establishment. Our study supports the establishment of native woodland as an effective tool to improve the hydrological functioning of soils in upland pastoral catchments and the provision of flash‐flood mitigation 'ecosystem services'. We caution, however, that land managers and policymakers must consider past and present management, soil type and catchment location when planning new NFM schemes if environmental benefits are to be maximised and 'public money for public goods, are to be commensurate with outcomes.