bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roadmap for Integrated Pest Management in Afghanistan
Authors: Jamily Abdul Saleem , Rahimi Mohammad Salim
Published: November 2024

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a sustainable, science-based decision-making process broadly implemented in agriculture to identify and reduce risks from plant pests and their management-related strategies. In the IPM roadmap program, along with identifying strategic directions for research, implementation activities are essential to realize the full benefits of IPM adaptation. International markets demand high-quality agricultural products without pesticide residues or low Maximum Residue Limits (MRL). Meeting these market demands poses a challenge for growers, given the rise in production costs and the concurrent decline or instability in commodity prices. As the country’s preferred method of tackling crop protection issues, the government has not adopted IPM as a national policy. The Roadmap for the IPM program identifies strategic directions for research, implementation, and measurement activities needed to realize the full benefits of IPM adoption. Their information and views on IPM approaches were collected through consultation with Afghan stakeholders. Based on these views and the facts stated above, this Roadmap has been developed for the country’s agriculture sector.
Comparing the Yield of Various Wheat Varieties in the Climatic Conditions of Maidan Wardak Province
Authors: Turabi Abdul Basir , Ahmadi Noor Mohammad , Arain Mohammad Jan , Naseri Emal , Hikmat Hikmatullah
Published: November 2024

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple crop in Afghanistan that is vital to nutrition, food security, and farmer income. It is widely cultivated in different ecological regions in the country and is highly dependent on seasonal precipitation. Varieties with good agronomic performance help farmers earn more and improve their food security. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2022- 23 at the Agriculture Faculty Research Farm of Wardak University to compare the growth and yield of different wheat varieties in Wardak climatic conditions. The experiment comprised four different wheat crop varieties, V1: Solh 0.18, V2: Elham 0.15, V3: Wahdat 0.15, and V4: Diama 0, 17. Out of four varieties, Solh and Elham were winter wheat varieties, while the Daima and Wahdat were facultative wheat varieties. Three replicates of the experiment were set up in a randomized complete block design. Cultivation, irrigation, fertilization, weeding, and other fields were the same for all varieties.  As a result, The V3 and V2 significantly increased plant height, number of tillers per m2, number of spikes per m2, number of spikelets per spike, number of grain per spike, number of grain per spikelet,1000 seed weight, and grain yield per ha, respectively, compared to the V4. Considering the performances of varieties, it seems that V3 and V2 have the potential to produce high-yield products in Maidan Wardak, Afghanistan.
Macroeconomic Impact of Foreign Remittances on Afghanistan's Agriculture Sector
Authors: Nasiri Ayaz Khan
Published: November 2024

The study delved into the shock of foreign remittances to Afghanistan's agricultural industry, which accounts for 37% of the fiscal year's budget. It utilizes a computable general equilibrium model and social accounting matrix to evaluate the short-term macroeconomic responses of 2018 foreign remittance changes using GAMS software. The research explores eight scenarios based on percentage changes in foreign remittance, comparing Afghanistan's actual foreign remittance values to a baseline scenario. The results investigated a correlation between domestic production in agriculture sub-sectors and foreign remittance variables. Scenario H depicts swelling percentages for domestic production of cereals, fruits, vegetables, livestock, and opium, whereas scenario D illustrates declining percentages. Contracted remittances decline prices, while scenarios with enhanced remittances upsurge the purchasing power of agricultural products, particularly cereals. Dropping foreign remittances leads to lower labor and capital share in all agriculture sectors; however, soaring remittances boost agricultural purchasing power. Household consumption drops in all agricultural sectors except cereals due to a fall in foreign remittances. The study recommends that the government boost investment in the agriculture sector, use skilled immigrants as scientific capital, and encourage migrant investors to invest in sustainable agriculture to promote sustainable consumption.
The Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture in Afghanistan: A Review
Authors: Wafa Shermohammad
Published: November 2024

Climate change is a global threat to agriculture and agricultural products worldwide. Since the Green Revolution, greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere have increased rapidly, such as CO2, N2O, and CH4, which have caused global warming. Furthermore, due to global warming, the temperature has risen rapidly in most parts of the world in recent years. Agriculture in Afghanistan has been negatively affected by climate change factors in the last few decades. Such as drought, changes in the time and quantity of precipitation, and temperature caused losses in agricultural products. The impacts of climate change on Afghanistan's agriculture sector and agricultural products have not yet been widely investigated in previous literature. Thus, this review aims to describe the most vulnerable factors of climate change in Afghanistan. This review also focuses on adapting practices that reduce the negative effects of climate change on agriculture. The combination of all the information mentioned above may be useful to policymakers and governmental and nongovernmental organizations to state a reasonable plan to reduce the negative effects of climate change on agriculture and agriculture products that the plants face in the future under climate change conditions in Afghanistan.
Towards Self-Sufficient Agriculture in Afghanistan: A Review of Enhancements and Challenges
Authors: Ado Shehu Garki , Abubakar A. S.
Published: November 2024

Afghanistan's agricultural sector, a cornerstone of its economy, faces multifaceted challenges ranging from environmental issues to socio-economic constraints. Current challenges, including water scarcity, soil degradation, and socio-economic constraints, are scrutinized, while environmental and human factors are highlighted. The paper critically examines the trajectory of Afghanistan's crop sector. It sheds light on the intricate web of challenges and potential enhancements required for the nation to attain food self-sufficiency. The efforts and challenges associated with enhancing agriculture in Afghanistan towards self-sufficiency in food production have been analyzed. The pivotal role of improved technologies, innovation, and research in bolstering agricultural productivity was also examined. The potential of technological advancements from precision agriculture to resilient crop varieties is explored. The paper provides actionable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and the international community to navigate Afghanistan towards sustainable food self-sufficiency. The influence of government policies, international aid, and community engagement in shaping the agricultural landscape has been evaluated. A holistic understanding of achieving sustainable agriculture in Afghanistan is proffered by examining the historical context, current status, and potential solutions. The review contributes to the ongoing discourse on transforming Afghanistan's agricultural sector for long-term resilience and food self-sufficiency by synthesizing historical trends, current challenges, and future strategies. A multi-pronged approach, integrating technology adoption, research initiatives, and community empowerment are advocated as recommendations.
Genetic Transformation of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum. L) Using Cry1Ac Gene to Impart Resistance Against Fruit Borer
Authors: Rashid Rizwan
Published: November 2024

Particle gun-mediated genetic transformation was used to produce transgenic plants of tomato (Solanumlycopersicum L.) resistant to fruit borer. Cotyledon and leaf explants from invitro tomato seedlings of variety ‘Punjab Upma’ with Cry1Ac gene construct (pGEM-4Z) were driven by Ubi promoter and NOS terminator, and GUS gene construct (pWRG 1515) were driven by CaMV 35S promoter and NOS terminator. The constructs were maintained as plasmids in E. coli strain JM109. These results signify the successful introduction of the Cry1Ac gene into tomato plants. Further PCR analysis for the Cry1Ac gene of three putative transgenic plants were performed, but no amplification was observed.
Management of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Spp.) in Cucumber Under Protected Cultivation System
Authors: Nimgarri Hekmatullah , Nazir Rahmatullah , Fazil Karamatullah , Yahyazai Mirwais
Published: November 2024

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a valued vegetable crop produced on a large scale throughout the year in a protected cultivation system. Its growth, development, and production are best in well-drained, fertile soil with 6.5 to 7.5 pH. Due to minor crop rotation and monoculture in protected structures, they are severely attacked by soil-borne pathogens. Between them, root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are the most intractable root endo-parasites that cause dramatic damage and severe crop yield losses. Environmental conditions of protected structures favor root-knot disease incidence and development. The non-availability of resistant crops, biological agents, and technology limitations are the key obstacles to their control. Therefore, agrochemicals are the only reliable method of root-knot disease management. In the present investigation, available nematicides (abamectin, metham sodium, fluopyram, and phorate 5G) were engaged in randomized block design with four replications at naturally infested farmer polyhouse (626.66 J2/ 200 cc soil) located at Mirwais Mina area of Kandahar city. Data on disease incidence, disease severity, soil nematode population, and fruit yield of cucumber were recorded 45 days after sowing the seed and at the termination of the field. All the data were statically analyzed using SPSS software (v.24.0.0). Among the treatments, metham sodium was found superior on plant and nematode parameters, followed by fluopyram. About 3.23 kg yield/plant loss was recorded caused by root-knot nematodes in protected cultivation systems. Based on findings, rotating fumigant and non-fumigant nematicides could be a reliable management method in a highly infested commercial protected structure.
Climate Smart Agriculture Opportunities and Challenges in Afghanistan
Authors: Koshani Beheshta , Hamdam Khadim Hussain
Published: November 2024

Agriculture in dryland regions is directly affected by climate change. In Afghanistan, climate-smart agriculture (CSA) improves productivity resilience and reduces greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). However, climate change, water shortage, population growth, and food insecurity are major challenges in developing countries such as Afghanistan. In the face of climate change, traditional agriculture methods need to be transformed into CSA that are capable of improving food production within the constraints of climate change. A review study was conducted to identify opportunities and challenges for CSA in Afghanistan. Among the many CSA technologies in Afghanistan, the review found, the use of drought resistance varieties, implementation of conservation agriculture, the use of Zai and Half-moon techniques for planting pits, moisture conservation, rainwater harvesting, watershed management, drip irrigation system, soil carbon sequestration,  control erosion techniques, and climate forecast services are the best opportunities and as promising options for risk management and adaptation to climate change. Still, unfortunately, most of these options have not yet been implemented by Afghan farmers, just followed by researchers. In addition, CSA in Afghanistan faces several solvable challenges. Limited understanding of the CSA concept and framework, limited investment to develop and implement CSA technologies, inadequate communication between government, policymakers, farmers, climate change impacts, GHG, and traditional agriculture. The review recommended that CSA practices be suitable options for all stakeholders to increase income and ensure food security and sustainable agriculture by adaptation practices against climate change. This review provides new strategies and ideas for strengthening sustainable agriculture, food security, environmental protection, and mitigating the impact of climate change.
Aloe vera gel and Starch Coatings on Organoleptic and Shelf Life of Strawberry Fruits (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)
Authors: Rahimi Basir Ahmad
Published: November 2024

Strawberry fruit is highly perishable and spoils rapidly due to contamination by pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms, causing serious reduction in quality. We studied two treatments on shelf-life: 1) Aloe vera gel (AV)-based edible coatings in combination with ascorbic acid (AA) and 2) cassava starch (CS) with potassium sorbate (PS). Strawberries were coated with AV (15 and 25% v/v) + AA (3% w/v) and CS (2 and 3% w/v) + PS (0.1%), while uncoated fruit served as a control. After treatment, fruit weight loss, firmness loss, TSS, titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid content, total anthocyanin, and total microbial count were evaluated at 0, 1, and 3 days of storage (under room temperature) and 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days of storage (9 ± 1°C, 70 to 80% RH). Compared to uncoated strawberries, all coating treatments significantly (P < 0.01) reduced weight loss, firmness loss, and total bacteria, yeast, and mold. Coated strawberries also had significantly (P < 0.01) higher TSS and ascorbic acid. The treatment with 25% Aloe vera gel was most effective (P < 0.01), resulting in better retention of ascorbic acid and TSS, besides reduced microbial load. The edible coatings were found to reduce postharvest spoilage in strawberry fruits.
Invitro Propagation of Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) Cv. Wonderful Cultivar
Authors: Besharat Azizullah , Xiangping Guo , Ali Abad Kazem Kamali , Sodaie Zadeh Hamid
Published: November 2024

The conventional method of propagation of pomegranate is time-consuming and tiresome. It does not ensure disease-free and healthy plants. The Present investigation aimed to optimize the conditions of culture medium, shoot proliferation, and rooting for mass production of pomegranate trees (Punica granatum L.) cv. ʻWonderful Cultivarʼ. For sterilization of axillary bud explants and shoot apexes of wonderful pomegranate treatment involving HgCl2 (0.1 %) for 3 min gave better sterilization. An efficient in vitro propagation for wonderful pomegranate using shoot tip and axillary bud explants is described. The best media for the establishment was observed on DKW medium for the first three weeks. After that, explants were subcultured on a WPM medium for proliferation and elongation. ½MS and full MS were used for rooting. The maximum number of shoots (3.9) per explant and shoot length (1.5 to 2.95 cm) were obtained on WPM medium supplemented with 0.8 mg/l B A P + 0.01 mg/L IBA in the medium. The highest rooting number was recorded on ½MS medium containing IBA 1mg/l—(1.4) roots per explant. A significantly higher number of shoots (2.5) and maximum length (2.95cm) of the shoot were recorded in 3 percent sucrose, (3000 lux) light intensity, and pH 5.8. Rooted plantlets were adopted and transferred to the soil successfully.
The Role of Livestock Resources in Sustainable Food Security and Livelihoods in Afghanistan
Authors: Zahir Ahmadullah , Nasim Maazullah , Jauhar Safiullah , Naseri Emal , Sarwary Abdulfahim , Noor Aminullah , Amarkhil Rahimullah , Hamdard Enayatullah
Published: November 2024

The agri-food sector is pressured to produce more livestock products with fewer resources due to global drivers like rapid population growth and challenging climate changes. Food insecurity can lead to hunger, malnutrition, and famine over time. Recently, half of Afghanistan’s population has been food insecure due to COVID-19 and climate change, as highlighted by current food price shocks. One of the factors contributing to food insecurity is the decline of livestock production for many reasons. Meanwhile, by 2050, we will need to produce 50-70% more food to feed an additional 2 billion people, and the demand for animal-source foods (ASFs) will double. Ruminant livestock are crucial for food security by converting non-edible products into nutritious food. Still, they pose a challenge to sustainability due to resource-intensive practices and greenhouse gas emissions. In Afghanistan, empowering livestock farmers to build capacity for sustainable food security and implementing region-specific strategies for sustainable livestock production and consumption is crucial. However, creating and developing an efficient whole value chain system can help maximize dairy production and improve nutritional security in Afghanistan. Nonetheless, a single player cannot achieve livestock-based food security in Afghanistan. All stakeholders need to collaborate and recognize the significance of livestock in ensuring food security. This paper reviewed the role of livestock resources and the required percentage of ASF in human diets for sustainable nutritional security and resulting productive livelihoods in Afghanistan.
Impact of Urbanization on the Standard of Living of Farmers in Injil District of Herat Province
Authors: Fazely Abdul Sattar , Ghoryar Mohammad Alam
Published: November 2024

This research was conducted to study the Impact of urbanization on farmers' living standards in the Injil district of Herat province of Afghanistan in 2019. Based on the research requirements, four villages within the radius of five kilometers of districts’ centers as villages with high urban influence and four villages outside the five kilometers of districts’ centers as villages with low urban influence have been selected. Ten farmers (a total of 80 farmers) were randomly selected from each town. An ex post facto research design was applied to this research. Pre-prepared questionnaires were distributed to the respondents, collected data were analyzed statistically, and the findings showed that forty percent of the farmers in the villages with high urban influence had high living standards. 30% and 20% of farmers in villages with high and low urban influence have taken up non-agricultural activities and turned to business. 95% of the farmers mentioned high production costs as the main reason for changing jobs to non-agricultural activities. This was followed by other reasons, such as the non-existence of a special market for agricultural products (90.00%). Ninety percent of the farmers continued their agricultural activities due to financial constraints, and 76.25% did not know about other jobs.
Agriculture in Afghanistan: A Journey from Livelihood to Development
Authors: Sharifi Mohammad Shafi , Karim Abdul Qaium
Published: November 2024

Agriculture is vital to Afghanistan’s economy and the livelihoods of its people, particularly in rural areas. This study examines Afghanistan’s agricultural journey, focusing on how sustainable practices can transform it from subsistence to a thriving industry. Using case studies from the UK, Mexico, India, and the Philippines, we explore the successful strategies of the Green Revolution—mechanization, high-yield seeds, and chemical fertilizers—that bolstered food security and economic stability. Afghanistan faces unique challenges, including rapid population growth, prolonged droughts, and high food costs, necessitating tailored sustainable practices. Our findings reveal critical areas for intervention, such as improved water management, mechanized equipment, and research collaboration, to ensure long-term agricultural sustainability. By implementing these recommendations, Afghanistan can overcome obstacles and promote a resilient agricultural sector that meets food demand and enhances economic prosperity.
Investigating Contemporary Irrigation Solutions Promoting Agricultural Self-Reliance in Afghanistan
Authors: Karim Abdul Qayoum , Sharifi Mohammad Shafi
Published: November 2024

The presence of moisture and water around the roots is responsible for the plant development and fertility. Without sufficient water availability, water needs to be supplied to plants effectively to make sure plants receive water according to the crop water requirement. This requires that different irrigation methods be used in consideration of soil types and other effective factors to reach the abundance of crops. The farm, concerning the soil, the topography of the area, and water resources, requires different irrigation methods that have been proposed and introduced worldwide and are not yet well common in Afghanistan. Knowing these irrigation methods enables farmers to apply them to increase crop fertility by considering the resources and characteristics of their farms. In this case study, modern irrigation methods are introduced and discussed along with their advantages and disadvantages to understand how effective these methods are in increasing crop fertility without wastage of water to help in agriculture and food self-sufficiency in the country. In this mixed-method study, the data is collected using a Google Form questionnaire focusing on finding the level of familiarity of the farmers and other stakeholders in the country with these methods, their evaluation of using these irrigation methods, the challenges they are facing using them, and their expectations from the government and their recommendations for the future. The findings are encouraging and useful.
In-ovo Delivery of Lipopolysaccharide Induces Protective Antiviral Responses Against Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus Encountered Post-Hatch
Authors: Sarjoon Mohamed , Abdul-Cader M , Contreras Ana Perez , Abdul-Careem Mohamed Faizal
Published: November 2024

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is an avian respiratory virus that causes significant economic losses to the worldwide poultry industry. To address the limitations of current control measures against ILTV infections, it is crucial to develop novel measures that can complement or replace the existing control measures. The in-depth understanding of toll-like receptor (TLR)ligand interaction and activation mechanisms has facilitated the development of more specific synthetic ligands with therapeutic potentials capable of enhancing host immune responses against various infections. As a key ligand for activating the TLR4 signaling pathway, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers immune responses against numerous pathogens. Previous research has demonstrated that the intramuscular injection of LPS in chickens can induce antiviral responses against low pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV) infections. This study evaluated the potential of in-ovo delivery of LPS to stimulate innate antiviral responses against ILTV infection in post-hatch chickens. The results showed that in-ovo delivery of LPS at embryo day (ED)-18 significantly reduced mortality, clinical symptoms, and virus excretion in chickens infected with ILTV at day 1 post-hatch, which was associated with the expansion of the macrophage population in the lungs. This study provides a detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying the antiviral responses elicited against ILTV infection following in-ovo delivery of LPS in chickens.
Effect of Crud and Processed Canola Seed in the Finisher Diet on the Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Fayaz Najeebullah , Kermanshahi Hassan , Zarghi Heydar
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the effect of different levels of crude and processed canola seeds in the finisher's diet on broiler chickens' growth performance and meat quality traits. A total of 1056 Ross-308 broiler chickens, comprising both sexes, were used in a completely randomized design with 16 treatments. Each treatment had 6 replicates, and each replicate consisted of 11 birds. Treatment 1 involved a basal diet adjusted with corn-soybean meal, while treatments 2-16 involved the replacement of three types of canola seeds (crude, micronized, and super-conditioned) at five levels (3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%). The growth performance of broiler chickens was not affected by the crude and processed canola seeds added to the finisher diet in the experimental treatments (p>0.05). Additionally, at the end of the experimental period (42 days), the effect of the experimental treatments on measuring the quality indices of breast and thigh meat was examined. The results showed that the drip loss of breast and thigh meat was influenced significantly by the processing of canola seed (p<0.01). Furthermore, the main effects of super-conditioned and crude canola seed processing in the diet had a significant impact on the decrease in breast and thigh meat quality, with super-conditioning having the most significant effect and crude having the least effect, and there were no significant interactions between them on other quality measurement indices (p<0.01). Based on the results obtained from this experiment, canola seed processing using the super-conditioning method was more effective in drip loss compared to the micronized method.
Drones in Agriculture: Real-World Applications and Impactful Case Studies
Authors: Mahasneh Hassan
Published: November 2024

Uncrewed aircraft, commonly known as drones, are deployed manually by a ground-based pilot through remote control or autonomously through pre-programmed flight sequences. This paper explores the multifaceted applications of drone technology within agriculture. The scope of this technology extends to various crucial facets, including managing water resources in agricultural systems, detecting water stress, identifying diseases and pests, estimating crop yield and maturity, detecting weed flora, workforce monitoring, livestock maintenance, and logistical concerns. Integrating drone technology in agriculture yields notable benefits, enhancing operational efficiency, task precision, and cost-effectiveness by reducing inputs such as land, water, seeds, agro-chemicals, and manual labor.
The Role of Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering in the Improvement of Medicinal Plants in Afghanistan
Authors: Ayoubi Rabia , Isa Aliyu , Zhakfar Aqa Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Most pharmaceutical products are derived from plants, making plants an essential source for developing and discovering novel therapeutic compounds. The phytochemical components of medicinal plants (MPs), particularly the secondary metabolites (SMs), are linked to the pharmacological effects of MPs. The widespread interest in phytotherapy, consumer preference to use natural resources, the continuous exploitation of natural resources, the economic importance of MPs in the self-sufficiency of developing countries like Afghanistan, difficulties associated with the traditional breeding methods of MPs, and resulting insufficient plant yield have made wild MPs resources unable to meet the current requirements and led researchers to search for alternative solutions. The application of genetic engineering (GE) techniques and biotechnological tools, including combinatorial biosynthesis, CRISPR/Cas9-based systems, and genetically encoded biosensors to select, multiply, improve the bio-production, biodiversity preservation; conservation of the elite and rare genotypes of important MP species in extinction is considered a possible solution. Afghanistan is one of the main exporters of MPs due to its rich flora. Even though it’s uncommon in the country to apply modern biotechnology and GE procedures to improve MPs, they may still be considered promising methods. This paper reviewed the recent successes and developments in the previously/at present use of various biotechnological and GE approaches for the improvement of MPs in Afghanistan and also to identify the main challenges the country’s plant breeders and/or scientists may face during the use of these approaches to improve MPs shortly.
Pentecostals and Voting Behaviour in Ghana’s 2024 Presidential Elections
Authors: Nkrumah-Pobi Samuel Kofi Boateng , Amankwah Emmanuel Effah , Obinim Benedict Kofi Quaye
Published: November 2024

The 2024 general elections in Ghana will mark a historic moment in the Fourth Republic, as both major political parties will be led by a Christian and a Muslim for the first time. This development has sparked a debate among the populace regarding the influence of religion on the election outcome. According to the recent population census, the majority of Christians in Ghana identify as Pentecostals, suggesting that this group will significantly impact the selection of the next President. This research, employing a qualitative design and the social model of voting behaviour as its framework, aims to explore the relationship between religion and the voting habits of Pentecostals in the upcoming elections. The findings revealed a range of responses among participants. Among the formally educated respondents, many asserted that religion would not influence their voting decisions, emphasising the importance of policies instead. Conversely, others expressed a tendency to abstain from voting because their preferred parties are nominating candidates who do not align with their religious views.
The Church of Pentecost and the Moral Transformation of Ghana
Authors: Haynes Jeffrey
Published: November 2024

The paper argues that the close relationship between Ghana’s largest church, the Church of Pentecost, and the country’s main political parties is indicative more generally of an increasingly close relationship between Christianity and politics, including in relation to seeking to amend and improve the moral behaviour of Ghanaians which in turn could help improve the quality of the country’s democracy, said to be declining. The paper adopts a comparative and qualitative methodological approach while also drawing on Afrobarometer’s quantitative data. The key result is that there is a link between morality and democratic health in Ghana, while the major conclusion is that the potential to improve democratic health by improving national morality is limited, mainly because many citizens are sceptical that such a path is likely to achieve the desired objective.
Confronting the Ills of Society
Authors: Arthur Justice Anquandah
Published: November 2024

The first generation of Christians constituted a small minority within the Roman Empire and did not seek to wield significant social influence. Thus, the New Testament does not provide a direct mandate for social transformation. Instead, Christians were encouraged to maintain a constructive relationship with the state while also being prepared to adopt adversarial stances when faced with oppression from hostile authorities. This context characterised their existence under the centralised, undemocratic Roman Empire. The challenge arises in applying the teachings of the New Testament to a participatory democracy, where Christians have ample opportunities for public engagement. Using Thomas Clarkson’s approach to confronting the slave trade in Britain as an entry point, this paper has a two-pronged focus: 1) to bring Clarkson’s somewhat eclipsed story into contemporary church-state discussions and 2) to contend that the strategies employed by Clarkson and other abolitionists can serve as a model for contemporary African churches and Christians in their efforts to engage with the democratic state, aiming to foster societal transformation.
Psychological Envy-Therapy; From Diagnosis To Treatment; By Investigating The Related Factors of Envy In Psychosomatic Medicine, Moral, Spiritual, Socio-Economic And Legal Fields
Authors: Keihani Far Younes
Published: November 2024

Background and purpose: Envy is one of the major and negative human emotions that has a destructive effect on personal and interpersonal relationships, mental, physical, spiritual health and daily functioning. For this reason, the purpose of this research is to investigate the psychological causes, grounds, etiology and symptomatology of envy and how to treat it, which is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of data collection.
Method: The current research is a document-library type and was conducted with a qualitative method. For this purpose, using the available sampling method, 127 male and female students of Islamic Azad University of Khuzestan branches and employees working in Ahvaz hospitals were selected, and using Valizadeh's envy questionnaire (for university students) and Wang's organizational envy questionnaire (for hospitals employees), semi-structured interview and data collected from reliable sources of psychology were subjected to psychoanalysis and analysis.
Ethical considerations: In the entire research period, all ethical principles have been taken into consideration in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Findings: Regarding the causes and etiology: the background and psychological causes of envy in physical, mental, psychological, spiritual, cultural and social dimensions, numerous examples and basic concepts such as psychological needs, psychological disorders, personality traits, lifestyle, level of expectations from oneself and others, social comparison, risk of deprivation, inequality, materialism, learned envy, content of media stimulation, evaluation of justice and social motivation of envy and disorders or malfunctions of some brain areas were identified and analyzed. Brain regions involved in envy including Striatum (Limbic system), anterior Cingulate Gyrus and Cortical area of the Frontal Lobe were investigated.
Conclusion: The results showed that envy has both internal factors, such as motivation, and external factors, such as university and organization policies, family and society, and can be formed at birth and childhood in the family. Therefore, depending on the causes and factors, it can be negative and sometimes destructive. Therefore, envy therapy and finding a suitable therapeutic solution and making constructive decisions require etiology and understanding the concepts, dimensions and causes of envy and its examples. Therefore, it is suggested to reduce the field of envy while granting some privileges, bonuses and making some reforms in the field of university education and job promotion conditions. In addition, holding a scientific workshops and distributing brochures can be the basis for reducing and controlling envy and its destructive consequences and increasing cooperation, development and prosperity.
Aspectual Pair Formation in Russian Verbs: A Cognitive Approach
Authors: Ganbarova Nurida
Published: November 2024

Aspectual pair formation in Russian verbs represents a core grammatical feature that governs the temporal and contextual framing of actions. Traditional approaches to aspect focus on morphological mechanisms such as prefixation, suffixation, and suppletion, yet they often fail to address irregularities and semantic nuances. This study adopts a cognitive linguistic perspective, exploring how conceptual metaphors, image schemas, and mental mappings underpin aspectual distinctions. By analyzing patterns of pair formation, including both regular and irregular verbs, the research highlights the cognitive processes that align with bounded and unbounded conceptualizations of actions. The findings contribute to linguistic theory by integrating semantic and cognitive frameworks, while practical applications offer innovative strategies for teaching aspect to learners through mental imagery and contextualized learning. Challenges and unanswered questions, such as the treatment of suppletive forms and cross-linguistic comparisons, underscore the need for further interdisciplinary research to refine this approach.
A New Hybrid Heuristic Algorithm of Mathematical Numerical Optimization Based on Population Methods
Authors: Al-jilawi Ahmed , Hadi Huda
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to compare population methods. We present the genetic algorithms and particle swarm algorithm of nonlinear optimization which include two classes of heuristic algorithms for solving n-dimensional mathematical optimization problems. This work suggests a new hybrid algorithm which is nests particle swarm optimization (PSA) operations in the genetic algorithm (GA). The new hybrid algorithm provides a better convergence between the exploitation compared and exploration of both parent algorithms. However, the existing hybrid algorithms and achieving consistency provide the best accurate results of the optimal solution with relatively small computational cost.
EFEITO DO ÁCIDO HIALURÔNICO NO TRATAMENTO DO ENVELHECIMENTO UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Acriz Eros Lua Caldas , Pereira Ester Neves Barros , Soares Júnior Riz Neves De Oliveira , Barros Tuany Lobo , Carvalho Amanda , Melo Luana
Published: November 2024

Introdução: O AH é um polissacarídeo linear natural encontrado na pele e em todo o corpo. Ele tem uma alta capacidade de se ligar e reter água, e é essencial para muitos processos biológicos importantes. O conteúdo de ácido hialurônico diminui com o envelhecimento, por isso sua injeção melhora a aparência envelhecida da pele, especialmente para suavizar rugas. O AH preenche espaços, suaviza rugas e favorece a formação de colágeno pelos fibroblastos da pele. Objetivo: Comprovar a eficácia do ácido hialurônico (AH) no tratamento dos sinais do envelhecimento, expor suas formas de aplicação, possibilidade de reversão e seu uso combinado a outros fármacos. Metodologia: O projeto foi realizado através de revisão sistemática da literatura entre os meses de agosto a setembro de 2024, em uma janela temporal de artigos publicados entre os anos de 2014 e 2024. Foram analisados diversos trabalhos pesquisados nos bancos de dados BVS e PubMed utilizando o método PRISMA. O presente estudo se justifica por realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o uso do ácido hialurônico (AH) no tratamento dos sinais de envelhecimento cutâneo.  Resultados: Obteve-se 07 artigos das bases de dados BVS e PubMed após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade que foram divididos de acordo com os objetivos específicos abordados. Os artigos relatam a eficácia do ácido hialurônico, capacidade de reversão, modos de uso e associação a outros fármacos.  Conclusão: A realização de diversos estudos comprovaram as propriedades anti-idade que o ácido hialurônico possui.
ABANDONO DIGITAL: IMPACTOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CRIANÇAS E A RESPONSABILIDADE PARENTAL.
Authors: Silva Elaine Cristina Martins , Brito Eliane Ribeiro , Domingues Diego Sígoli
Published: November 2024

O abandono digital de crianças e adolescentes é um fenômeno complexo e crescente que demanda atenção urgente. Com a predominância da conectividade e das interações online na era digital, a negligência parental assume novas formas. O abandono digital ocorre quando os pais falham em supervisionar adequadamente o uso da tecnologia por parte de seus filhos, expondo-os a uma série de riscos e consequências negativas. Esse abandono abrange desde a falta de supervisão do tempo online até a omissão na educação sobre os perigos e comportamentos seguros na internet. Os pais, muitas vezes, não estão cientes dos riscos associados ao uso excessivo da internet, cyberbullying, sexting, entre outros, o que pode resultar em danos significativos para o bem-estar dos jovens. Além disso, o abandono digital pode manifestar-se na ausência de limites claros sobre o uso da tecnologia, levando a problemas como dependência digital, distúrbios do sono e dificuldades de concentração, afetando negativamente o desenvolvimento saudável dos jovens. Diante desses desafios, é essencial uma abordagem holística, envolvendo conscientização dos pais, educação dos jovens sobre o uso responsável da tecnologia e desenvolvimento de estratégias para promover um ambiente digital seguro. Essa responsabilidade é respaldada pela legislação brasileira, que reconhece a importância de garantir um ambiente online seguro para crianças e adolescentes, impondo deveres aos pais, à sociedade e ao Estado.
A FISIOTERAPIA COMO PREVENÇÃO NOS COMPROMETIMENTOS FUNCIONAIS DO CLIMATÉRIO E MENOPAUSA
Authors: Souza Emilly Dayane de , Oliveira Ingryd Raiany Silva de
Published: November 2024

O climatério é uma fase que começa após a menopausa. Embora não seja considerado uma patologia, é uma parte natural do ciclo de vida da mulher. No entanto, durante esse período, podem surgir condições associadas que podem causar complicações. O objetivo desta pesquisa é demonstrar como a fisioterapia pode ser benéfica nesse estágio e como certas práticas, como exercícios e terapias, podem ajudar a aliviar os sintomas e promover a qualidade de vida. Com base nos achados, a fisioterapia pode intervir utilizando métodos como pilates, exercícios de Kegel, cinesioterapia, hidroterapia e eletroestimulação.
ABANDONO AFETIVO E OS EFEITOS NO DIREITO DA CRIANÇA DIFERENÇA DA ALIENAÇÃO PARENTAL
Authors: Regina Andreza , Gomes Mayte , Santos Vanubia
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo visa trazer a luz uma violação dos direitos da criança e adolescentes que infelizmente é pouco falado e debatido pela sociedade, na qual já se acostumou com esse retrato, o abandono afetivo.

Com o presente trabalho e estudo nosso objetivo é mostra como o abandono afetivo afeta a criança desde sua idade mais nova passando pela sua adolescência e na fase adulta, quais impactos gera nessas vidas e suas consequências podendo ser elas bem severas causando sérios desvios na personalidade da criança como mostras os estudos que pretendemos apresentar nesse trabalho.

E como o direito brasileiro vê e trata desse tipo de causas visando proteger o bem estar cívil e social da criança/adolescente e quais são as consequências de punição ao genitor que fere esse direito de seu filho.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DO HOME EASY: SISTEMA DE SOLICITAÇÕES DE SERVIÇOS
Authors: Faccio Vitor Ravena , Farina Renata Mirella , Florian Fabiana
Published: November 2024

This article describes Home Easy, a platform built for both web and mobile, created to simplify the hiring of services, focusing on manual services. Its main objective is to increase the visibility of professionals while simplifying the hiring process for clients. To achieve an intuitive and accessible interface for all users, the platform was developed using ASP.NET Core MVC and SQL Server. The results showed that Home Easy has the potential to significantly change the recruitment market, especially for services that are traditionally less visible or poorly perceived. The platform not only meets the current market needs but also creates new business opportunities for both clients and professionals. We conclude that Home Easy not only satisfies an ever-evolving market but also offers new possibilities for professionals to stand out and expand their work, while providing clients with a more efficient and reliable way to hire services.
EXPORTAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE AVES DE COMPANHIA PARA PORTUGAL
Authors: Dias Tainá dos Santos , Souza Izolina Margarida de
Published: November 2024

the pet market has undergone relevant transformations, being a segment that has presented positive results and economic relevance. The present work sought to demonstrate, through national and international standards, the processes and procedures in the export of birds considered pets, often called pets animals, which travel to portugal. It also describes the agreements in force and their rules in air transport. The work specifically addresses companion birds licensed by ibama, without a commercial character, which have singularities in relation to customs licenses and air transport conditions that guarantee animal welfare. Finally, the article sought to demonstrate, using exploratory qualitative bibliographic research, the necessary requirements for carrying out the operation, covering all stages of the export process and the form of transport by air, as well as followed the release processes by the brazilian consenting agencies and the sanitary requirements requested by the importing country. Following the international standards in force until now. As a result, it is a process with high costs and that aims at the comfort of the bird and the safety of the native fauna of the destination.
In vitro antibacterial and synergistic activity of pyrazolyl sulphonamide derivatives against Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Authors: Yahaya Ewura Seidu , Anak Jesse Azebiik , Amissah Nana Ama , Obuah Collins , Agyei Phyllis Elsie Owusu , Saahene Roland Osei , Ainooson Michael , Ablordey Anthony , Ekor Martins
Published: November 2024

Background: Antimicrobial resistance has rendered several   anti-infective agents ineffective, necessitating the need to intensify efforts to identify and develop novel drugs against microbial infection. Structural modification of existing antibiotics continues to be one of the areas of intense research focus in recent times. Objective: This study assessed the antibacterial and synergistic activity of fifteen pyrazolyl sulphonamide derivatives in Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Methods: Antibacterial activity was determined using the broth microdilution method. The ability of test compounds to interact with tetracycline was assessed using the checkerboard synergy testing method and the Loewe synergy and antagonism model. Results: Seven compounds (46.6%) were significantly active against the bacteria (MIC 1 µg/mL – 16 µg/mL), and four were confirmed to form synergistic combinations with tetracycline in checkerboard and Loewe analysis. Conclusion: Observations from this study has demonstrated the antibacterial activity and the synergistic potential of the novel pyrazolyl sulphonamides with tetracycline, highlighting the possible role of modified sulphonamides as a rich resource for antimicrobial development.
How Great Coaches Ask, Listen, and Empathize: Keys to Effective Leadership Development
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: November 2024

This article explores the research behind effective coaching methods and provides examples for how leaders can apply these techniques to better develop others. It examines the key tools of great coaches: asking thoughtful open-ended questions, actively listening without judgment, and connecting through empathy. The piece outlines research demonstrating how open questions promote deeper reflection compared to closed ones. Coaches strategically use inquiry to help coachees gain self-awareness and new perspectives. Examples of powerful questions are provided. Additionally, the article discusses how active listening, such as paraphrasing and mirroring, builds rapport and surfaces insights. Empathy is identified as the top competency of elite coaches, as it validates emotions and fosters intrinsic motivation. Specific leadership applications are given for healthcare, technology, and education to illustrate how questioning, listening, and empathy can accelerate growth across industries when developing employees.
Pengembangan Model Tata Kelola Surat yang Efektif untuk Mengatasi Diskomunikasi dan Tantangan Penyelesaian Masalah
Authors: Lestari Suci Puji , H Herman , Sukawati Herlina , Purna Zarni Adia
Published: November 2024

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model tata kelola surat yang efektif guna mengatasi diskomunikasi dan tantangan penyelesaian masalah dalam manajemen surat. Dalam lingkungan organisasi yang kompleks, diskomunikasi sering kali menjadi hambatan utama dalam penyelesaian tugas dan pencapaian tujuan. Model tata kelola surat yang diusulkan menggabungkan prinsip-prinsip efisiensi, transparansi, dan akuntabilitas untuk memastikan aliran informasi yang lancar dan tepat waktu. Melalui pendekatan yang sistematis dan berbasis teknologi, model ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan koordinasi antar departemen, meminimalkan kesalahan komunikasi, dan mempercepat proses pengambilan keputusan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model tata kelola surat yang efektif dapat secara signifikan mengurangi diskomunikasi dan memperbaiki responsivitas organisasi terhadap berbagai tantangan operasional.