bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A tihanyi altemplom régészeti kutatása
Authors: Nagy Szabolcs Balázs , Takács Ágoston
Published: March 2023

Absztrakt

A tanulmányban a tihanyi bencés apátság középkori altemplomának és az ott található temetkezéseknek a régészeti jellegű kutatásait és a legújabb, 2021. évi ásatás eredményeit mutatjuk be, különös tekintettel az alapító, I. András király sírhelyére.

In this study, we present the archaeological research of the medieval crypt of the Benedictine Abbey of Tihany and the burials there, and the results of the latest excavation in 2021, with a focus to the tomb of the founder, King Andrew I.
Római kori fibulák az Aquincum/Budapest-Graphisoft Park területén végzett feltárások anyagából
Authors: Sáró Csilla
Published: March 2023

Absztrakt

A tanulmány célja, hogy az aquincumi polgárvárosi keleti temető területén előkerült római kori fibulákat bemutassa. A fibulák tipológiai-kronológiai szempontú elemzése mellett a tanulmány igyekszik részletesen foglalkozni a viseleti szokásokra vonatkozó kérdésekkel is.

The aim of this paper is the presentation of the fibulae unearthed at the eastern cemetery of the civil town in Aquincum. The fibulae are analyzed with respect to typology, chronology, and their wearers.
A kőnyersanyag-források és az őskori ember: Egy sokrétű viszony kutatása
Authors: Mester Zsolt , Faragó Norbert , Király Attila
Published: March 2023

Absztrakt

A hazai ősrégészetben a kőnyersanyagok rendszeres kutatása csak az 1970-es években indult el. Ezt a kutatást kezdettől fogva a proveniencia szemlélet jellemezte. Az 1990-es évektől a hangsúly az archeometriai vizsgálatokra helyeződött. A nemzetközi kutatásban viszont a technikai viselkedés rekonstruálása került a középpontba. A paleoetnológiai szemlélet felhasználásával komplexen vizsgálható az őskori embercsoportok viselkedése a nyersanyagok beszerzése és felhasználása terén. A cikk az elemzések elméleti és módszertani alapjait mutatja be.

The systematic research of lithic raw materials in Hungarian archaeology only started in the 1970s. From the beginning, this research was characterized by the provenance approach. From the 1990s, the focus shifted to archaeometric studies. In international research, on the other hand, the reconstruction of technical behavior also came into focus. By using the palaeoethnological approach, the behavior of prehistoric human groups in the procurement and use of raw materials can be investigated in a complex manner. The article reviews the theoretical and methodological foundations of these analyses.
Updated distribution of the Indo-Pacific Slender Gecko, Hemiphyllodactylus typus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata, Gekkonidae), in Peninsular Malaysia and a discussion of its range expansion
Authors: Hong Zijia , Anuar Shahrul , Zou Bei , Grismer L. Lee , Quah Evan S. H.
Published: March 2023

Hemiphyllodactylus typus Bleeker, 1860 is a small, nocturnal, scansorial, unisexual gecko having a wide distribution throughout the archipelagos of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In Peninsular Malaysia, it was previously reported from seven localities. Since then, H. typus has been reported from several new localities based on observations from recent field surveys. The updated distribution records of H. typus in Peninsular Malaysia are compiled here, where it is now known from 18 localities.
Sujeito pronominal expresso e nulo em orações negativas do português brasileiro
Authors: Othero Gabriel de Ávila , Silva Susana Miranda da Silva
Published: March 2023

Investigamos o fenômeno da omissão e expressão de sujeitos pronominais em orações negativas simples (e.g. Ele não come carne), um conhecido contexto de resistência para o sujeito nulo em PB. Realizamos pesquisa em um corpus de língua falada recente e buscamos responder três questões centrais: (i) há maior ocorrência de sujeitos pronominais expressos ou nulos em orações negativas?; (ii) qual é a relação entre sujeitos pronominais expressos e nulos e os traços semânticos de seus antecedentes?; e (iii) as orações negativas simples se comportam como as orações com dupla negação no que toca às ocorrências de sujeitos nulos e pronominais expressos? Os resultados mostram que há maior ocorrência de sujeitos nulos do que expressos na amostra analisada, corroborando a ideia de que as sentenças negativas atuam como um contexto de resistência do sujeito nulo. Também verificamos uma relação entre os traços [+humano] e [+gênero semântico] e os sujeitos pronominais expressos, e uma relação entre o traço [-gênero semântico] e o sujeito nulo. Finalmente, verificamos que há mais sujeitos nulos em duplas negações (seguindo a literatura) do que em negações simples, o que fortalece a hipótese de que as orações com dupla negação veiculam conteúdos mais ativados discursivamente do que as negações simples.
Optimization of Triterpene Yield from Ganoderma atrum HBSD Z19 (Agaricomycetes) by Optimization of Medium Components and Evaluation of Bioactivity Under Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion In Vitro
Authors: Dong Ruoyun , Qiao Jie , Song Shiqin , Zhuansun Wanwan , Hu Yiping , Zeng Xin , Xin Binyue , Weng Qimeng , Zeng Huawei , Yin Xian
Published: March 2023

The intracellular triterpene yield from Ganoderma atrum was enhanced by optimization based on single-factor experiments, Plackett-Burman experimental design (PBED) and response surface methodology (RSM) under liquid fermentation conditions. The optimal medium composition (g·L-1) was glucose (46.0), bean cake powder (30.2), KH2PO4 (2.0), CaCl2 (3.0), MgSO4 (1.5), FeSO4 (0.2), and pH 6.0. Under the optimal conditions, the highest triterpene yield of 0.527 g·L-1 was obtained, which was 4.705-fold higher than before optimization. The fermented powder that was collected from the optimal medium was subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, with differences resulting from extraction in different digestive juices (purified water, simulated gastric digestive juice, simulated gastrointestinal digestive juice). The content of triterpenes and polysaccharides increased, except for total phenol content. In terms of the antioxidant activity, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH+⋅) scavenging activity gradually decreased whereas the 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+⋅) scavenging activity first decreased and then increased. In terms of enzyme viability, the activity of α-amylase (α-AL) and α-glucosidase (α-GC) in the digestive juices decreased dramatically. The main bioactive components of G. atrum and their bioactivity in digestive juices were evaluated, providing a reference for the effective use of fermented power from G. atrum.
Analysis of reaction degree and factors of alkali-activated fly ash/slag
Authors: Wang Bowen , Liu Yang , Luo Dong , Yang Yiwei , Huang Dunwen , Peng Hui
Published: March 2023

The dissolution rates of alkali-activated fly ash (FA) and alkali-activated slag in hydrochloric acid (HCl) with various pH values were investigated. The geopolymerisation reaction degree of alkali-activated FA/slag (AAFS) can be determined based on the content of hydrochloric-acid-insoluble matter, so X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy were used to analyse the hydrochloric-acid-insoluble matter of the alkali-activated FA and alkali-activated slag. Acid dissolution tests on the AAFS showed that the addition of slag increased the geopolymerisation degree of FA in most cases. For a certain slag content, the reaction degree of FA decreased with an increase in the modulus of the activator and increased with an increase in the liquid/solid ratio. An increase in activator concentration had a greater effect when the slag content was low. At low activator concentrations, the reaction degree of FA increased with an increase in slag content. The slag content corresponding to the highest reaction degree of the FA gradually reduced with an increase in activator concentration.
Application of the Delphi Method for the identification of relevant variables in the development of low-power photovoltaic solar projects in Colombia
Authors: García Diaz Rafaele Stevan Salvatore , Cubides Gamboa Jimer Alexander , Rodríguez Patarroyo Diego Julian
Published: March 2023

Introduction: This paper is the product of the investigation “Identification of relevant variables in the development of photovoltaic solar projects in Colombia” developed at the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (UDFJC) between 2020 and 2021. Due to the increase in the number of photovoltaic energy projects in Colombia, it is necessary to quantify the level of relevance related with the factors involved in order to optimize the planning and execution processes.
Methods: In this research, the Delphi methodology is applied to evaluate a set of variables selected from literature, putting them to an evaluation by a group of experts with the purpose of quantifying the relationship, under a subjective judgment, between those variables and parameters immersed in low power photovoltaic solar projects in Colombia. Together with the Delphi method, the Torgerson Model was used to quantify what experts said, in order to determine which variables are the most relevant ones to the experts. Subsequently, the validation of these answers is carried out with the application of a second evaluative stage throughout the application of structured instruments.
Results: After obtaining the general consensus, the results are analyzed with the ideal of identifying the variables that obtained a higher level of relevance, in which six relevant variables were identified.
Conclusions: This paper shows how the results of research processes get the most relevant variables, being 6 variables in total, and their impact is analyzed.
Originality: Applying the Delphi method, it is possible to find the most relevant variables in the development of low power photovoltaic solar projects in Colombia, making this paper an important element in the advancement of renewable energies.
Limitation: A massive sample of results was not achieved due to the difficulty in contacting the appropriate professionals in the area analyzed.
Diet Patterns, Nutrition Status and Physical Activity in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: B Knap , Z Veceric Haler
Published: March 2023

Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) and renal replacement therapy options are associated with malnutrition, which occurs in 30-50% of patients. Suboptimal nutritional status and physical inactivity are common in peritoneal dialysis patients also and are consequences of the restrictive diet, appetite loss, and poor physical fitness. Materials and methods: This single-center observational study aimed to analyze the dietary intake, body composition, and physical activity of 19 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Dietary assessment was performed with a three-day 24-hour dietary recall, while nutritional status was assessed with body composition measurements. Patients’ physical performance was assessed with a handgrip test and a sit-stand test. Each value was expressed as a percentage or mean ± SD. Continuous variables between normal values and of study values were compared using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. A two-tailed P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean caloric intake of the 19 patients was 1545 ± 295 kcal/day (21.4 kcal/kg BW/day), and the mean protein intake was 0.8 g/kg BW/ day. The mean value of body mass index was 24.4 ± 2.9 kg/m2 , phase angle was 5.2 ± 0.9, lean tissue index was 14.5 ± 2.8 kg/m2 and adipose tissue index was 9.3 ± 3.6 kg/m2 . The results of the handgrip test and the sit-to-stand test showed muscular weakness associated with low caloric intake. Conclusion: In our PD patients, average energy and protein intakes were inadequate according to dietary recommendations, which are related to reduce muscle strength among observed patients and a poor physical activity profile. The overall approach of nutritional counseling is necessary to improve the nutritional status of patients.
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: An Unknown Disease in Chad
Authors: G Mahamat Abderrraman , A Mahamat Hissein , B Soukaya , D Hagre Youssouf , T Adneli Alliance , Y Aboul Bashar , C Senoussi , T Fotclossou
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic renal disease. After about ten years of evolution, it leads to a slow and progressive loss of kidney function eventually causing renal insufficiency and kidney failure. Few data exist on this pathology in Africa and Chad. The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of ADPKD. Methodology: This was a multicenter cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted over a period of 34 months in two hospitals in N’Djamena, Chad. All patients aged 15 years and above, having a family history of polycystic kidney disease, which were hospitalized or who were coming for consultation that met the unified criteria for ultrasonographic diagnoses (Ravine criteria modified by Pei) of ADPKD were included in the study. The clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary criteria for these patients had been studied. Results: There were a total of 26 cases of polycystic kidney disease that had a hospital prevalence of 1.16%. The average age was 42.4 years with extremes ranging from 15-70 years and a sex ratio of 1.3. The family survey had shown that parental consanguinity was present in 34.6% (n=9). The prevalence of hypertension was 53.8% (n=14). The mean serum creatinine was 45 mg/l with extremes ranging from 4.5 to 274.42 mg/l. It was noted that 65.3% (n=17) had chronic kidney disease with a GFR >30 mL/min/1.73m2 . During diagnosis 26.9% (n=7) had end-stage renal disease (ESRD), while 2 patients progressed to ESRD two years after diagnosis. One patient was hospitalized for chronic hemodialysis. No patient had received a kidney transplant and no patient had undergone a molecular biology and genetics study or had been treated with Tolvaptan. Conclusion: In Chad, the hospital prevalence of ADPKD was 1.16%, affecting young adults (average age of 42.4 years) with a male predominance. Management is usually late and remains limited to symptomatic treatment with complications such as chronic renal failure. Abbreviations: ADPKD: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease, CRF: Chronic Renal Failure, ESRD: End-Stage Renal Disease, CVA: Cerebro Vascular Accident
Mortality and Recovery of Kidney Function in Kidney Replacement TherapyRequiring AKI: Data from All Affected In-Hospital Subjects
Authors: L Sturzebecher , O Ritter , D Patschan
Published: March 2023

Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects increasing numbers of hospitalized patients in Central Europe and in the US. Kidney replacement therapy (KRT) becomes mandatory if other strategies fail to prevent patients from systemic intoxication, resistant hyperhydration, or refractory hyperkalemia. The majority of data related to survival rates of AKI subjects that require KRT have been acquired under intensive care conditions. In the current letter to the editor we provide outcome data of all patients with in-hospital diagnosed AKI that received KRT at least once. We retrospectively assessed subjects receiving one or more individual sessions of KRT due to AKI of various etiology. Subjects were partly treated in the ICU or under non-ICU conditions. The in-hospital mortality was 35.4% complete recovery of kidney function occurred in 48.8%. In summary, the mortality of all inhospital AKI subjects is comparable to the mortality of AKI patients in the ICU. In addition, more than 50% do not recovery completely. Therefore, subjects with hospital-acquired AKI and an incident or prolonged need for KRT require the highest attention of nephrologists in general, no matter whether they received intensive care treatment or not.
Imaginarios sociales sobre problemática ambiental: nuevos senderos para una educación ambiental
Authors: Murcia-Murcia Nataly
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Comprender los imaginarios sociales sobre la problemática ambiental que tiene la comunidad de la Universidad de la Amazonia de Florencia Caquetá, en la búsqueda de nuevos senderos para una educación ambiental formativa. Método: Se utilizó en el enfoque y diseño la Complementariedad propuesta por Murcia y Jaramillo 2008, se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad, el análisis de los resultados, se efectuó desde las tres funciones del discurso, referencial, expresiva y pragmática, para comprender desde las formas del ser, hacer, decir y representar de la comunidad. Resultados: Los hallazgos muestran que los imaginarios sociales se mueven entre lo instituido, instituyente y radical. Discusión y Conclusiones: Se vislumbra que existen muchos imaginarios sociales fuertemente instituidos y normalizados en la comunidad con respecto a la problemática ambiental, esto, directamente se evidenció en las categorías emergentes prácticas sociales ambientales, crisis y cultura ambiental. Es decir, que, en efecto, sus prácticas con respecto al ambiente están mediadas llanamente a sus formas de ser/ hacer, sin embargo, existen unas fuertes intensiones y fuerzas de realización que buscan las posibles transformaciones en la comunidad para lograr una educación ambiental formativa.
Desafíos psicológicos del aprendizaje a distancia en la educación superior en Ucrania durante la pandemia de COVID-19: potencial innovador, dilemas en el camino
Authors: Ovdiyenko Irina , Chausova Tatyana , Brukhovetska Oleksandra , Verbytska Liudmyla , Gorova Olena
Published: March 2023

Ante la pandemia mundial de COVID-19 y la introducción de la educación a distancia se han actualizado los problemas psicológicos, el propósito del artículo es analizar los desafíos psicológicos de la educación a distancia, para determinar el potencial innovador de las formas de superarlos. Se utilizaron métodos de investigación pedagógica teórica (análisis, síntesis, inducción y deducción), método de modelado, método predictivo para escribir el artículo. El trabajo se basa en los principios de concreción, sistematicidad, objetividad y cientificidad. Los resultados analizan la efectividad de los medios de superación de la sobrecarga psicológica de estudiantes y docentes debido a que estos fenómenos tienen raíces comunes. La atención principal se presta a las formas creativas de superar los miedos y las inseguridades. También se investigó el concepto de ingenio psicológico. Se justifica el uso del método de higiene digital como parte del enfrentamiento a los desafíos psicológicos. Además, se destacan las causas económicas de las situaciones estresantes en los estudiantes. Las conclusiones resumieron que los medios efectivos para enfrentar los desafíos psicológicos son el tratamiento de los estudiantes de la autoorganización y la autoayuda, aumentando el nivel de autoestima real, la autorreflexión sobre las metas de la vida y la comprensión de las necesidades de ayuda psicológica.
Estudio de la relación entre inteligencia emocional y agresividad en estudiantes
Authors: Jabbarov Rashid , Mustafayev Mushviq , Valiyeva Yamen , Babayeva Tarana , Abbasova Aferin
Published: March 2023

El artículo analiza el desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional en los estudiantes desde el punto de vista de la reducción de la agresividad. La investigación se realizó en 114 alumnos de las carreras de psicología del servicio socio-psicológico en las especialidades de educación y trabajo social. En el estudio se investigaron las posibilidades de reducir la agresión durante la aplicación de programas relacionados con la inteligencia emocional. Las investigaciones han demostrado que existe una relación positiva entre los niveles de agresión y el nivel de inteligencia emocional. Esta relación con bajo nivel de agresividad es significativa (p=0,05 nivel). Sin embargo, no existe una relación relevante entre la inteligencia emocional y la agresión verbal y física. Se cree que esta relación tiene un carácter situacional y en muchos casos se manifiesta con más componentes de ira y hostilidad. Asimismo, es significativa al nivel de r=0.114** y r= ​​0.324** y p<0.001 en los componentes hostilidad e ira de la agresión. En base a este hecho, se puede decir que la relación entre inteligencia emocional y agresión es significativa a nivel de diferentes componentes, pues a mayor capacidad de manejo de emociones y de la situación intrapersonal, menor agresividad se observa en el comportamiento de los estudiantes. Finalmente, el estudio demostró que la relación entre la inteligencia emocional y el índice de agresión permite la capacidad de controlar las manifestaciones emocionales para mostrar menos agresión hacia las personas que le rodean.
Evaluation of Rural Transportation Technology: A Case Study of Bicycle and Motorcycle Trailers
Authors:   Department of Urban and Regional Planning, College of Engineering and Environmental Studies, Olabisi Onabanjo University, 112104, Ibogun, Ogun State, Nigeria, O. Oyesiku Olukayode , O. Akinyemi Olasunkanmi ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Environmental Studies, Olabisi Onabanjo University, 112104, Ibogun, Ogun State, Nigeria, O. Giwa Solomon ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Environmental Studies, Olabisi Onabanjo University, 112104, Ibogun, Ogun State, Nigeria, S. Lawal Nurudeen ,   Department of Agricultural Engineering  College of Engineering and Environmental Studies, Olabisi Onabanjo University, 112104, Ibogun, Ogun State, Nigeria., O. Adetifa Babatunde ,   Department of Agricultural Engineering  College of Engineering and Environmental Studies, Olabisi Onabanjo University, 112104, Ibogun, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Published: March 2023

Transportation of goods in rural communities, especially from farms, is one of the major bottlenecks experienced by rural dwellers. Bicycle and motorcycle trailers have been a major intervention proposed by several studies but, this technology has not been fully adopted and it has no detailed evaluation report. This study, therefore, evaluates the performance of different bicycle and motorcycle trailer designs. Three different designs of bicycle trailers (fixed plate design (FPD), convertible plate design (CPD) and wire mesh design (WMD)) and two designs of motorcycle trailers (FPD and CPD) were developed. Four performance evaluation tests (laden mass, forward speed, pull and haulage tests and a computer-based simulation of stress/strain analysis) were carried out. The optimum load capacity (OLC) of WMD bicycle trailer is 100 kg at a speed of 5.2– 6.3 km/hr, while that of FPD and CPD bicycle trailers are 100 kg at a speed of 3.8 - 4.2 km/hr. The OLC for the FPD and CPD motorcycle trailer was 200 kg at a speed of 6.2 – 8.4 km/hr. Static structural analysis of the trailer chassis shows that the maximum stress and strain of the trailers were 2.95 × 106 Pa and 8.22 × 10-6 mm, respectively. This study shows the suitability of the bicycle and motorcycle trailers in small-scale goods conveyance and its suitability for the rural community.
Thermomechanical Process Modelling of 40NICRMO8-4 Alloy by Artificial Neural Networks
Authors:   Department of Electrical, Gonbad Kavoos Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gonbad Kavoos, Iran, Alibeiki Esmaeil , Rajabi Jamal ,   Department of Electrical, Gonbad Kavoos Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gonbad Kavoos, Iran, Rajabi Javad ,   Department of Mechanical, Gonbad Kavoos Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gonbad Kavoos, Iran
Published: March 2023

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) as simplified model of mankind’s neural system, are capable of simulating and predicting real world complex problems which are challenging and expensive to model physically. In this study the correlation between the flow stresses and strain rate, temperature, strain in thermomechanical process of 40NICRMO8-4 alloy has been modelled. The results revealed that flow stress for every strain value is less at high temperatures compared to those at low temperatures and material resistance against deformation will also decrease as temperature goes down. Moreover, increasing in strain rate when temperature is constant results in recrystallization to happen in higher strain values at times shorter. The employed neural network for this study was a feed forward multilayer perceptron trained with common back propagation algorithm. Similar to any other ANNs, the employed network receives some parameters as inputs and delivers some as outputs. The inputs given to this model were temperature, strain and strain rate while flow stress parameter was collected as requested output. Outputs, with high precision of approximately 99% accuracy, were predicted and produced during training phase. Likewise, the predicted output of the ANN model achieved an R-value of about 0.99871 compared with of those experimental values. Best results were obtained with an ANN model consist of two hidden layers trained with Levenberg–Marquardt training algorithm.
Mindful and Compassionate Self, Grounded Together: A Qualitative Description of Postmenopausal Women’s Perceptions of Balance Flow Yoga
Authors: Arnold Catherine Mary , Bath Brenna , Prosko Shelly , Ritchie Katrin , Hunter Kristine
Published: March 2023

Yoga has promising benefits for women to reduce fall-injury risk by improving balance, strength, confidence, and other risk factors, although the effect of yoga on reducing injury risk and fall rates is still not clearly established. The objective of the present study was to determine postmenopausal women’s perceived changes in overall health and well-being and some of the facilitators and challenges to participating in a 12-week Balance Flow Yoga class, a group-based hatha yoga intervention designed specifically to address fall risk factors. Thirty-six women 50–70 years of age participated in an intervention study consisting of 12 weeks of a control period followed by 12 weeks of twice-weekly hatha Balance Flow Yoga in a community yoga studio. Twenty-three women and four yoga instructors/trainers participated in focus group discussions after the intervention was completed. Discussion was audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed through inductive thematic analysis by three researchers, a student trainee, and a research assistant. Two overarching themes and four subthemes were revealed. The two overarching themes Mindful and Compassionate Self and Grounded Together represented participants’ perceptions of personal growth and their approach to living and the sense of community support and connection. Four interrelated subthemes were Creating a Safe Space; Sense of Community and Commitment; Benefits: Physical and Beyond ; and Balancing Individual Needs. This study demonstrated perceptions of physical, emotional, and social benefits after 12 weeks of Balance Flow Yoga; these benefits could influence women’s health, wellness, and future fall risk.
The International Monetary System Reform: Refusal to Use the Dollar and Fair Exchange Rate
Authors: Konductorov A. S.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations aimed at eliminating shortcomings of the modern international monetary system. The author suggests a draft of its reform. The draft provides, firstly, an objective reflection of the economic state of the issuing state in compliance with the exchange rate of the national currency and, secondly, allows eliminating disproportionate use of the US dollar in international trade. When developing the draft of the reform, the author proceeded from the assumption that the reform of the international monetary system based on consensus is impossible: «beneficiaries of the modern monetary order» will actively defend their national interests to the detriment of the interests of the majority of members of the international community. Under the current conditions, the only way to transform the international monetary system is to take unilateral actions of individual States. At the same time, the «engine of the reform» should include the commercial benefit of private participants of foreign economic activity: it is unrealistic to adjust the international monetary system by establishing new rules that do not ensure additional (at least minimal) profit for international trade agents. Based on these prerequisites, the author formulates a model of unilateral modernization of the settlement system and the system of customs and tariff regulation when importing goods that can be applied by an individual state. Implementation of this model should generate demand on the domestic foreign exchange market for the national currency of the importing state proportional to its share in international trade. A consistent increase in the number of states using this model will allow, based on market principles, creating a new international monetary system, eliminating its main drawbacks, including reducing the role of the US dollar in international trade to an adequate value reflecting the current state of the American economy. The author relied in the study on analytical and statistical methods, the method of economic and legal modeling.
The Results of the Police Reform: An «Inside View»
Authors: Timko S. A.
Published: March 2023

The paper presents the results of a study of the most important changes in the activities of the Department of Internal Affairs (Police Service) after the 2011 reform. The success of the implementation of the principles of openness and publicity of police activities, building trust between the police and society, improving the image of the Department of Internal Affairs is characterized, the intensification of information and propaganda work is noted. The opinion of police officers on the prevalence of illegal and illegal behavior among employees is analyzed. Noting the downward trend in the facts of such behavior, among its determinants, the author names more active detection of violations of official discipline and offenses. An important advantage of modern police activity is the introduction and development of electronic document management, improvement of the regulatory framework, tightening control over budget spending. An increase in the level of education of police officers is also recognized as a positive trend, but the active introduction of distance learning significantly reduces its quality. The system of medical and pension provision for employees of internal affairs bodies remains satisfactory. Among the main problems that reduce the effectiveness of the professional activities of police officers are excessive document flow, imperfection of legislation, weak material and technical base, poor interaction of departments and services among themselves, insufficient number of employees and their heavy workload. The latter, according to the employees of the internal affairs bodies, is the most serious factor, which is expressed in the inconsistency of the official load with the established norms, in the performance of official duties during the vacation period, in the unjustified distribution of official duties. The solution of the problems of organizing and carrying out the professional activities of police officers indicated in the paper is necessary for effective crime prevention and increasing the authority of the police in society.
Consistency of Legislation on State Control (Supervision), Municipal Control and Public Control: Constitutional Law Aspects in Public Administration Mechanisms Development in Russia
Authors: Spiridonov A. A.
Published: March 2023

Based on the systematic approach, the author shows the key elements of the consistency of legislation on state control (supervision), municipal control and public control and formulates the main integrative properties of the relevant set of legislative acts that allow it to be considered as an integral system in context of constitutional law at the present time. It is noted that in the future, when improving legislation on public control, on the one hand, and on state control (supervision), municipal control, on the other hand, special attention should be paid to further convergence of their basic norms, primarily norms-principles and norms-goals that form value-semantic (axiological) foundations for appropriate regulation. In addition, it is important to think over the vector of strengthening social elements in the sphere of state and municipal control. The author defines several specific proposals to supplement provisions of the Federal Laws «On the Foundations of Public Control in the Russian Federation», «On State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control in the Russian Federation», «On Parliamentary Control» and other legislative acts. Implementation of the outlined legislative ideas will facilitate revealing of the potential of the partner and service model of control and supervisory activities and it will significantly increase the level of trust on behalf of civil society and business.
Victims of Transnational Terrorist Organizations Crimes
Authors: Kochoi R. S.
Published: March 2023

The publication of a book containing statistics on the victims of terrorism is essential for not only the study and analysis of terrorism and strategies to respond to it, but also for the support of victims of terrorism. One of the goals of initiating such a publication in the West («White and Black Book of Terrorism in Europe») is precisely to propel forward the adoption of a special European law on assistance to victims of terrorism. The paper supports the publication of a similar book in Russia, which itself has been a target for transnational terrorist organizations for many years, primarily the so-called Islamic State (hereinafter referred to as IS, ISIS), banned on the territory of the Russian Federation. The paper contains a description of the victims of the ISIS crimes, and the victims of not only its terrorist attacks, but also other crimes, among which the crime of genocide should be especially noted. The adoption and implementation of programs of psychological and other assistance to victims of terrorism in the states of Western Europe makes it relevant to take support measures in relation to these persons also in Russia. Among such measures is the development and adoption of a federal law on support for victims of terrorism.
Biomechanical evaluation of an osteoporotic anatomical 3D printed posterior lumbar interbody fusion cage with internal lattice design based on weighted topology optimization
Authors: Huang Shao-Fu , Chang Chun-Ming , Liao Chi-Yang , Chan Yi-Ting , Li Zi-Yi , Lin Chun-Li
Published: March 2023

In this study, we designed and manufactured a posterior lumbar interbody fusion cage for osteoporosis patients using 3D-printing. The cage structure conforms to the anatomical endplate’s curved surface for stress transmission and internal lattice design for bone growth. Finite element (FE) analysis and weight topology optimization under different lumbar spine activity ratios were integrated to design the curved surface (CS-type) cage using the endplate surface morphology statistical results from the osteoporosis patients. The CS-type and plate (P-type) cage biomechanical behaviors under different daily activities were compared by performing non-linear FE analysis. A gyroid lattice with 0.25 spiral wall thickness was then designed in the internal cavity of the CS-type cage. The CS-cage was manufactured using metal 3D printing to conduct in vitro biomechanical tests. The FE analysis result showed that the maximum stress values at the inferior L3 and superior L4 endplates under all daily activities for the P-type cage implantation model were all higher than those for the CS-type cage. Fracture might occur in the P-type cage because the maximum stresses found in the endplates exceeded its ultimate strength (about 10 MPa) under flexion, torsion and bending loads. The yield load and stiffness of our designed CS-type cage fall into the optional acceptance criteria for the ISO 23089 standard under all load conditions. This study approved a posterior lumbar interbody fusion cage designed to have osteoporosis anatomical curved surface with internal lattice that can achieve appropriate structural strength, better stress transmission between the endplate and cage, and biomechanically tested strength that meets the standard requirements for marketed cages.
Guerra y paz ilustradas
Authors: Nevado Encinas Juan Luis
Published: March 2023

El pensamiento ilustrado sigue teniendo una gran influencia en la intelectualidad –crítica– actual, y es, en parte, en donde se originan las presentes posiciones políticas pacifistas. El siguiente texto pretende establecer un diálogo –en retrospectiva– entre la actual situación de descomposición de la modernidad y la filosofía histórica, sobre todo irenista, de Immanuel Kant.
Haciendo las paces. La representación del gesto del abrazo en el arte como herramienta ejemplarizante y soporte emocional en la construcción de relatos comunitarios de paz
Authors: Feijoó Valencia Ana Belén
Published: March 2023

El abrazo es uno de los gestos simbólicos que históricamente asociamos con el concepto de la paz. Su presencia en la cultura visual de occidente ha servido, en algunos casos, como icono de la reconciliación entre bandos enfrentados y como imagen para ilustrar el final de la guerra. En este texto reflexionamos en torno a esta cuestión a través de la aproximación a distintas manifestaciones artísticas que tienen como protagonista la acción del abrazo, analizando sus variaciones simbólicas y sus usos como herramienta ejemplarizante y soporte emocional para el conjunto de la población tras un determinado conflicto.
GEOLOGY OF THE FRONTEIRA OESTE RIFT, SOUTHERNMOST BRAZIL – A FIELD GUIDE
Authors: Hartmann Léo Afraneo , Cerva-Alves Tiara , Pinto Viter Magalhães , Michelin Cassiana Roberta
Published: March 2023

The Fronteira Oeste Rift located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, covers an area of 15,000 km2 and constitutes both a rhombohedral structural province and a paleohot spring field. These major features can be observed during a two-day field trip. A 4x4 vehicle is recommended. The weather is cold (freezing), humid climate during winter and hot (35 °C), varying from humid to dry during summer-. Excellent access to the outcrops is possible through paved and unpaved roads. Outcrops described in this field guide are stratigraphically located above the Botucatu Formation (paleoerg) and below the Serra Geral Group (volcanics) of the Paraná Basin. Sandstones of the Botucatu Formation were quickly filled by rainwater and after covered by a basalt (Mata Olho Flow) and a quartz andesite (Catalán Flow), thus originating the Guarani Paleoaquifer. The third Cordillera Flow (basaltic andesite) occurs in places, eventually covered by the Muralha Flow (basaltic andesite). Two additional basaltic andesites (UR13 and Coxilha Flows) were described in a drill hole. Aquifer heating by raised geothermal gradient led to pre-compaction cementation of sandstones by iron-rich minerals. Eolian quartz-rich sediments were deformed and hydrothermally altered in the composite paleodunes, showing thousands of circular, elliptical and curvilinear structures. Compaction caused upward motion of hot water + liquefied sand leading to the formation of many sand injectites and extrudites. Simultaneous doming of overlying rocks caused both large- and small-scale rhombi in sandstones and volcanic rocks. Post-compaction silicification occurred together with the formation of a myriad of 0.1-1.0 m-large hydrothermal vents at the surface of the paleoerg and also the first three lava flows. Features resulting from these processes can be visited, as described in this Geological Field Guide. A shorter geotrail is also described.
Expression levels of ROS and Atg proteins in the vitreous in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Xiaoxian People’s Hospital, Suzhou 234000, Anhui Province, China, Huang Nan , Li Jin-Ping ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China, Lu Xing ,   Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China, Zhu Hua-Mei ,   Hefei Aier Eye Hospital, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China, Dong Kai ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
Published: March 2023

AIM: To detect the concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS), transient receptor potential mucin-1 (TRPML1), and autophagy-related (Atg) proteins (LC3-I, LC3-II, and Beclin1) in vitreous humor of patients with simple rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).
METHODS: RRD patients enrolled as the RRD group, and patients with idiopathic macular hole (IMH) and idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (IMEM) were enrolled as control group. The levels of ROS, TRPML1, LC3-I, LC3-II, and Beclin1 in vitreous humor of patients in the RRD and control groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS: The RRD group included 28 eyes 28 patients and had a higher concentration of ROS in vitreous humor (631.86±18.05 vs 436.34±108.22 IU/mL, P<0.05). The ROS level in patients with a wide retinal detachment (RD) extent (RD range ≥1/2) was higher than that with a narrow RD extent (RD range<1/2, P<0.05). ROS concentration was negatively correlated with RD time (r=-0.46, P=0.01). The expression levels of LC3-I and Beclin1 significantly decreased in RRD (P<0.05), but there were no correlations with the RD time, RD extent, or macular involvement.
CONCLUSION: In eyes with RRD, the concentration of ROS in vitreous humor increases and the expression levels of Atg proteins decrease, reflecting possibly that autophagy is inhibited.
Surgical outcomes of complicated cataract with pediatric trematode granulomatous uveitis
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt, Farouk Mahmoud M. , Abozaid Mortada Ahmed ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt, Mostafa Engy Mohamed ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt, Abdellah Marwa Mahmoud ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
Published: March 2023

AIM: To describe the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of complicated cataract with pediatric trematodal granulomatous uveitis (TGU).
METHODS: Patients of cataract with TGU in the membranous (inactive) stage underwent cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Preoperative history and ophthalmic examination were conducted for all cases, whereas Schimphlug imaging and corneal topography were done for some patients. Postoperative follow up was done on the 1st, 2nd, and 5th postoperative days after surgery. Then, it was done at least at one, three, and six months postoperatively. Intraoperative and postoperative complications and the methods of their management were reported.
RESULTS: Twelve eyes of 12 male children were included in this study ranging from 8 to 16y. The mean best corrected Snellen visual acuity (BCVA) was significantly improved from 0.09±0.06 preoperatively to 0.37±0.11 at the final visit 6mo postoperatively (P<0.001). Schimphlug imaging and corneal topography showed flattening of the anterior surface of the inferior cornea. Intraoperative difficulties and complications included the poor dilatability of the drown down pupil, strong posterior synechia between the anterior lens capsule and the iris at the site of the inferior retrocorneal vascularized membrane and hyphema. All cases underwent primary hydrophobic IOL implantation.
CONCLUSION: Surgery for this type of cataract is relatively safe and effective. It is associated with some specific difficulties and complications that should be considered during surgery and follow up.
Analysis of clinical and pathological features of ciliary body medulloepithelioma
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China, He Jing , Ge Xin ,   Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China, Ma Jian-Min ,   Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China, Hu Ya-Guang ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
Published: March 2023

AIM: To analyze and summarize the clinical and pathological features of ciliary body medulloepithelioma.
METHODS: The clinical and pathological data of 11 patients (11 eyes) who were diagnosed with ciliary body medulloepithelioma at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, from 2007 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS: The initial symptoms of 11 patients included vision loss (6 eyes), atrophia bulbi (1 eye), proptosis (2 eyes), and leukocoria (2 eyes). Most patients suffered with corneal opacity, anterior chamber flare and hyphema. Iris neovascularization and synechia, complicated cataract, and secondary glaucoma occurred in several cases. Three patients even had lens subluxation and retinal detachment. B-scan ultrasonography showed vitreous opacity and a medium-high uneven echo mass in the eyeball. Ultrasound biomicroscopy examination showed a spherical or hemispherical ciliary body mass with uneven internal echoes and irregular cystic spaces. All of the 11 patients were diagnosed with malignant ciliary body medulloepithelioma by pathological evidence. In this study, 6 patients had enucleation (2 patients had systemic chemotherapy after surgery), and the other 5 patients had local tumor resection (1 patient had plaque radiotherapy after surgery).
CONCLUSION: Ciliary body medulloepithelioma is a rare intraocular tumor and may be easily confused with retinoblastoma. Analyzing the clinical and pathological features of ciliary body medulloepithelioma is useful to further understand ciliary body medulloepithelioma, and can make an accurate diagnosis and better treatment.
Effectiveness of modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition for V-pattern exotropia combined with mild to moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China, Hao Yang , Bian Yue ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China, Li Jing-Ming ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China, Qin Li ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
Published: March 2023

AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of a modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition for treatment of V-pattern exotropia combined with mild to moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction.
METHODS: Thirteen cases (23 affected eyes) of V-pattern exotropia with inferior oblique muscle overaction (+ or ++) who underwent the modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition procedure were retrospectively reviewed. The amount of V-pattern, grade of inferior oblique overaction, degree of vertical strabismus, abnormal head posture, and the fovea-disc angle were evaluated before and after surgery.
RESULTS: The V-pattern was corrected in all cases, and the amount of V-pattern reduced by 17.85±5.13 prism diopter (PD) on average (t=16.07, P<0.001). The surgical cure rate for mild to moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction was 87.0% (20/23). The degree of the fovea-disc angle has a mean reduction of 5.45°±2.87° (t=3.95, P=0.003) after surgery. The mean vertical deviation in 5 cases with a small-angle hypertropia (5.23±3.06 PD) in the primary position reduced by 3.15±1.86 PD (t=6.10, P<0.001). No serious complications were observed.
CONCLUSION: The modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition procedure can effectively treat mild to moderate inferior oblique overaction and relieve the V-pattern, which is safe and easy to perform.