bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ossigenoterapia iperbarica e terapia a pressione negativa nel trattamento delle lesioni difficili/Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of non-healing wounds
Authors: Bissoni Chiara , Hoxha Klarida , Scalise Alessandro , Longobardi Pasquale
Published: September 2018

Lo scopo di questo articolo è valutare i risultati ottenibili trattando lesioni difficili attraverso la combinazione di ossigenoterapia iperbarica (OTI) e terapia a pressione negativa (TPN). Individuare le modalità con cui queste possano agire in sinergia coadiuvandosi, al fine di ottimizzare la rigenerazione dei tessuti e favorire la guarigione come qualità e tempi più brevi. Sono stati presi in analisi i dati di tre pazienti trattati presso il Centro Iperbarico di Ravenna che presentavano ferite agli arti inferiori aperte da più di sei settimane. È stato eseguito l’assessment iniziale della ferita e applicato un approccio multi terapeutico OTI e TPN per un periodo compreso tra 3-6 settimane. I pazienti presi in analisi sono giunti a guarigione completa entro 10 settimane di trattamento rispetto alla media di presa in carico per 28 settimane degli altri pazienti trattati presso la stessa struttura (dato reale) e alla media di 12 settimane previste nelle linee guida (benchmark). Le due terapie associate hanno prodotto un esito positivo che avrebbe richiesto tempi e costi maggiori se fossero state utilizzate singolarmente.

The purpose of this work is the evaluation of the results obtaineble by treating hard to heal wounds with the combination of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) and Negative Wound Pressure Therapy (NWPT). Identify how HBOT and NWPT can act in synergy, in order to optimize tissue regeneration and promote a good quality healing and in shorter time. The study analyzes data of three patients affected, for more than six week, by lower limb wounds and treated at the Hyperbaric Center of Ravenna. The initial wound assessment was performed and a multi-therapeutic approach, HBOT and NWPT, was applied over a period of 3-6 weeks. The patients underwent to a complete healing after a maximum of 10 weeks of treatment compared to the 28-weeks average of other patients treated at the same facility (real data) and the 12-weeks average expected in the guidelines (benchmark).The combination of the two therapies, has led to a positive result saving time and money; the individual use of them would have required more time and costs.
The use of intraoperative oxygen-ozone therapy to prevent capsular contracture in breast augmentation
Authors: Gasperoni Carlo , Gasperoni Paolo , Malavenda M. Stella
Published: September 2018

Capsular contracture is the most frequent complication in breast augmentation. It has multifactorial aetiology but biofilm is suggested to have a central role in the capsular contracture pathogenesis. To sterilize the breast cavity and the implant after insertion we decided to use a mixture of oxygen and ozone, using ozone sterilizing properties with no subsequent contamination related to manipulation.
Significant Canadian earthquakes 1600-2017
Authors: Lamontagne M , Halchuk S , Cassidy J F , Rogers G C
Published: September 2018

This Open File provides the most up-to-date information on the significant earthquakes of Canada for the period 1600 to 2017 inclusively. In addition to slight adjustments to a previously published Open File (Lamontagne et al., 2007), the current Report adds some
significant earthquakes that occurred between 2007 and 2017 inclusively. In light of ongoing research, a number of updates were also included, together with the justifications for the changes. When available, maps based on macroseismic surveys or Did-You-Feel-It reports were also joined. As in the
previous Open File Report, earthquakes are considered significant if their magnitude, estimated from felt reports or scaled from records, exceeded 6.0 on the Richter scale or if they had been felt by many Canadians at Modified Intensity VI or stronger. A total of 172 events were selected for the
period 1600-2017. The information is provided in a Microsoft Excel sheet that provides for each event: the source information (Origin Time, Latitude, Longitude, Depth, Region, Magnitude); the impact (associated landslide(s), tsunami, damage to buildings, deaths, Maximum Modified Mercalli Intensity
in Canada); a description of the event; the source of information and web links for additional information in English and French.
The fructose–copper connection: Added sugars induce fatty liver and insulin resistance via copper deficiency
Authors: DiNicolantonio James J. , Mangan Dennis , O'Keefe James H.
Published: September 2018

Background: Evidence suggests that the overconsumption of added sugars can induce fatty liver disease and insulin resistance.Aim: To propose a hypothesis that added sugars induce copper deficiency which can lead to hepatic iron overload, fatty liver disease, insulin resistance and eventually non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.Setting: On average, the intake of added sugars in humans is higher than levels that have been found to impair copper status in animals.Methods: Narrative review.Results: Fructose-induced copper deficiency may be a leading cause of fatty liver disease and insulin resistance.Conclusion: The reduction in the intake of added sugars may improve copper status and reduce the risk of fatty liver disease and insulin resistance.
Рефлективные модулярные формы и их приложения
Authors: Gritsenko Valerii Alekseevich
Published: September 2018

Рефлективные модулярные формы ортогонального типа - это фундаментальные автоморфные объекты, обобщающие классическую эта-функцию Дедекинда. В этой статье мы опишем в терминах форм Якоби две конструкции для построения таких модулярных форм: автоморфные произведения и подъем Якоби. В частности, мы докажем, что первый коэффициент Фурье-Якоби модулярной формы Борчердса $\Phi_{12}$ (производящая функция для так называемой "Fake Monster Lie Algebra") в любом из 23 одномерных каспов совпадает с функцией знаменателя Каца-Вейля аффинной алгебры системы корней соответствующей решетки Нимейера. Мы даем новую простую конструкцию автоморфного дискриминанта пространства модулей поверхностей Энриквеса в форме подъема произведения восьми тета-функций и строим три башни рефлективных модулярных форм. Одна из них, башня $D_8$, дает решение проблемы К.-И. Йошикавы (2009) о построении лоренцевых алгебр Каца-Муди по автоморфным дискриминантам, связанным с поверхностями дель Пеццо и аналитическими кручениями многообразий Калаби-Яу. Мы также формулируем условия на подрешетки, позволяющие строить семейства дочерних рефлективных форм по фиксированной форме. В итоге в статье построено около 100 подобных функций.
Библиография: 77 названий.
Cooling Flow Measurement Techniques
Authors:   Road Vehicle Aerodynamics Forum Committee
Published: September 2018

This SAE Information Report has been prepared at the request of the SAE Road Vehicle Aerodynamics Forum Committee (RVAC), incorporating material from earlier revisions of the document first prepared by the Standards Committee on Cooling Flow Measurement (CFM).

Although a great deal is already known about engine cooling, recent concern with fuel conservation has resulted in generally smaller air intakes whose shape and location are dictated primarily by low vehicle drag/high forward speed requirements. The new vehicle intake configurations make it more difficult to achieve adequate cooling under all conditions. They cause cooling flow velocity profiles to become distorted and underhood temperatures to be excessively high. Such problems make it necessary to achieve much better accuracy in measuring cooling flows.

As the following descriptions show, each company or institution concerned with this problem has invested a lot of time and as a result gained considerable experience in developing measuring techniques that appear to achieve reliable results. There is, however, little uniformity at the present time among the methods used by different companies and no indication at this time of a trend towards a simple and universally acceptable measuring technique.
Surface roughness during depositional growth and sublimation of ice crystals
Authors: Voigtländer Jens , Chou Cedric , Bieligk Henner , Clauss Tina , Hartmann Susan , Herenz Paul , Niedermeier Dennis , Ritter Georg , Stratmann Frank , Ulanowski Zbigniew
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Ice surface properties can modify the scattering properties of atmospheric
ice crystals and therefore affect the radiative properties of mixed-phase and
cirrus clouds. The Ice Roughness Investigation System (IRIS) is a new
laboratory setup designed to investigate the conditions under which roughness
develops on single ice crystals, based on their size, morphology and growth
conditions (relative humidity and temperature). Ice roughness is quantified
through the analysis of speckle in 2-D light-scattering patterns.
Characterization of the setup shows that a supersaturation of 20 % with
respect to ice and a temperature at the sample position as low as
−40 ∘C could be achieved within IRIS. Investigations of the influence
of humidity show that higher supersaturations with respect to ice lead to
enhanced roughness and irregularities of ice crystal surfaces. Moreover,
relative humidity oscillations lead to gradual “ratcheting-up” of
roughness and irregularities, as the crystals undergo repeated
growth–sublimation cycles. This memory effect also appears to result in
reduced growth rates in later cycles. Thus, growth history, as well as
supersaturation and temperature, influences ice crystal growth and
properties, and future atmospheric models may benefit from its inclusion in
the cloud evolution process and allow more accurate representation of not
just roughness but crystal size too, and possibly also electrification
properties.
How well do stratospheric reanalyses reproduce high-resolution satellite temperature measurements?
Authors: Wright Corwin J. , Hindley Neil P.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric reanalyses are data-assimilating weather models
which are widely used as proxies for the true state of the atmosphere in the
recent past. This is particularly the case for the stratosphere, where
historical observations are sparse. But how realistic are these stratospheric
reanalyses? Here, we resample stratospheric temperature data from six modern
reanalyses (CFSR, ERA-5, ERA-Interim, JRA-55, JRA-55C and MERRA-2) to produce
synthetic satellite observations, which we directly compare to retrieved
satellite temperatures from COSMIC, HIRDLS and SABER and to brightness
temperatures from AIRS for the 10-year period of 2003–2012. We explicitly
sample standard public-release products in order to best assess their
suitability for typical usage. We find that all-time all-latitude
correlations between limb sounder observations and synthetic observations
from full-input reanalyses are 0.97–0.99 at 30 km in altitude, falling to
0.84–0.94 at 50 km. The highest correlations are seen at high latitudes and
the lowest in the sub-tropics, but root-mean-square (RMS) differences are
highest (10 K or greater) in high-latitude winter. At all latitudes,
differences increase with increasing height. High-altitude differences become
especially large during disrupted periods such as the post-sudden
stratospheric warming recovery phase, in which zonal-mean differences can be as
high as 18 K among different datasets. We further show that, for the
current generation of reanalysis products, a full-3-D sampling approach (i.e.
one which takes full account of the instrument measuring volume) is always
required to produce realistic synthetic AIRS observations, but is almost
never required to produce realistic synthetic HIRDLS observations. For
synthetic SABER and COSMIC observations full-3-D sampling is required in
equatorial regions and regions of high gravity-wave activity but not
otherwise. Finally, we use cluster analyses to show that full-input
reanalyses (those which assimilate the full suite of observations, i.e.
excluding JRA-55C) are more tightly correlated with each other than with
observations, even observations which they assimilate. This may suggest that
these reanalyses are over-tuned to match their comparators. If so, this could
have significant implications for future reanalysis development.
Airborne validation of radiative transfer modelling of ice clouds at
millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelengths
Authors: Fox Stuart , Mendrok Jana , Eriksson Patrick , Ekelund Robin , O'Shea Sebastian J. , Bower Keith N. , Harlow R. Chawn , Pickering Juliet C.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The next generation of European polar orbiting weather satellites will carry a novel instrument, the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI), which uses passive observations between 183 and 664 GHz to make daily global observations of cloud ice. Successful use of these observations requires accurate modelling of cloud ice scattering, and this study uses airborne observations from two flights of the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 research aircraft to validate radiative transfer simulations of cirrus clouds at frequencies between 325 and 664 GHz using the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) and a state-of-the-art database of cloud ice optical properties. Particular care is taken to ensure that the inputs to the radiative transfer model are representative of the true atmospheric state by combining both remote-sensing and in-situ observations of the same clouds to create realistic vertical profiles of cloud properties that are consistent with both observed particle size distributions and bulk ice mass. The simulations are compared to measurements from the International Submillimetre Airborne Radiometer (ISMAR), which is an airborne demonstrator for ICI. It is shown that whilst they are generally able to reproduce the observed cloud signals, for a given ice water path (IWP) there is considerable sensitivity to the cloud microphysics including the distribution of ice mass within the cloud and the ice particle habit. Accurate retrievals from ICI will therefore require realistic representations of cloud microphysical properties.
On the formation of hydrothermal vents and cold seeps in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California
Authors: Geilert Sonja , Hensen Christian , Schmidt Mark , Liebetrau Volker , Scholz Florian , Doll Mechthild , Deng Longhui , Fiskal Annika , Lever Mark A. , Su Chih-Chieh , Schloemer Stefan , Sarkar Sudipta , Thiel Volker , Berndt Christian
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Magmatic sill intrusions into organic-rich sediments cause the release of
thermogenic CH4 and CO2. Pore fluids from the Guaymas Basin (Gulf
of California), a sedimentary basin with recent magmatic activity, were
investigated to constrain the link between sill intrusions and fluid seepage
as well as the timing of sill-induced hydrothermal activity. Sampling sites
were close to a hydrothermal vent field at the northern rift axis and at cold
seeps located up to 30 km away from the rift. Pore fluids close to the active
hydrothermal vent field showed a slight imprint by hydrothermal fluids and
indicated a shallow circulation system transporting seawater to the
hydrothermal catchment area. Geochemical data of pore fluids at cold seeps
showed a mainly ambient diagenetic fluid composition without any imprint
related to high temperature processes at greater depth. Seep communities at
the seafloor were mainly sustained by microbial methane, which rose along
pathways formed earlier by hydrothermal activity, driving the anaerobic oxidation
of methane (AOM) and the formation of authigenic carbonates. Overall, our data from the cold seep sites suggest that at present, sill-induced hydrothermalism is not active away from the ridge axis, and the vigorous venting
of hydrothermal fluids is restricted to the ridge axis.
Using the sediment thickness above extinct conduits and carbonate dating, we
calculated that deep fluid and thermogenic gas flow ceased 28 to 7 kyr ago.
These findings imply a short lifetime of hydrothermal systems, limiting the
time of unhindered carbon release as suggested in previous modeling studies.
Consequently, activation and deactivation mechanisms of these systems need to
be better constrained for the use in climate modeling approaches.
Global 5 km resolution estimates of secondary evaporation including irrigation through satellite data assimilation
Authors: van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , Schellekens Jaap , Yebra Marta , Beck Hylke E. , Renzullo Luigi J. , Weerts Albrecht , Donchyts Gennadii
Published: September 2018

Abstract. A portion of globally generated surface and groundwater resources evaporates
from wetlands, waterbodies and irrigated areas. This secondary evaporation
of “blue” water directly affects the remaining water resources available
for ecosystems and human use. At the global scale, a lack of detailed water
balance studies and direct observations limits our understanding of the
magnitude and spatial and temporal distribution of secondary evaporation.
Here, we propose a methodology to assimilate satellite-derived information
into the landscape hydrological model W3 at an unprecedented 0.05∘, or
ca. 5 km resolution globally. The assimilated data are all derived from
MODIS observations, including surface water extent, surface albedo,
vegetation cover, leaf area index, canopy conductance and land surface
temperature (LST). The information from these products is imparted on the
model in a simple but efficient manner, through a combination of direct
insertion of the surface water extent, an evaporation flux adjustment based on LST
and parameter nudging for the other observations. The resulting water balance
estimates were evaluated against river basin discharge records and the water
balance of closed basins and demonstrably improved water balance estimates
compared to ignoring secondary evaporation (e.g., bias improved from +38 to
+2 mm yr−1). The evaporation estimates
derived from assimilation were combined with global mapping of irrigation
crops to derive a minimum estimate of irrigation water requirements
(I0), representative of optimal irrigation efficiency. Our I0
estimates were lower than published country-level estimates of irrigation
water use produced by alternative estimation methods, for reasons that are
discussed. We estimate that 16 % of globally generated water resources
evaporate before reaching the oceans, enhancing total terrestrial evaporation
by 6.1×1012 m3 yr−1 or 8.8 %. Of this volume,
5 % is evaporated from irrigation areas, 58 % from terrestrial waterbodies and 37 % from other surfaces. Model-data assimilation at even
higher spatial resolutions can achieve a further reduction in uncertainty but
will require more accurate and detailed mapping of surface water dynamics and
areas equipped for irrigation.
Does the East Greenland Current exist in the northern Fram Strait?
Authors: Richter Maren Elisabeth , von Appen Wilken-Jon , Wekerle Claudia
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Warm Atlantic Water (AW) flows around the Nordic Seas in a cyclonic boundary
current loop. Some AW enters the Arctic Ocean where it is transformed to
Arctic Atlantic Water (AAW) before exiting through the Fram Strait. There the AAW
is joined by recirculating AW. Here we present the first summer synoptic
study targeted at resolving this confluence in the Fram Strait which forms the
East Greenland Current (EGC). Absolute geostrophic velocities and hydrography
from observations in 2016, including four sections crossing the east
Greenland shelf break, are compared to output from an eddy-resolving
configuration of the sea ice–ocean model FESOM. Far offshore (120 km at
80.8∘ N) AW warmer than 2 ∘C is found in the northern Fram
Strait. The Arctic Ocean outflow there is broad and barotropic, but gets
narrower and more baroclinic toward the south as recirculating AW increases
the cross-shelf-break density gradient. This barotropic to baroclinic
transition appears to form the well-known EGC boundary current flowing along
the shelf break farther south where it has been previously described. In this
realization, between 80.2 and 76.5∘ N, the southward transport along
the east Greenland shelf break increases from roughly 1 Sv to about 4 Sv and
the proportion of AW to AAW also increases fourfold from 19±8 % to
80±3 %. Consequently, in the southern Fram Strait, AW can propagate
into the Norske Trough on the east Greenland shelf and reach the large
marine-terminating glaciers there. High instantaneous variability observed in both
the synoptic data and the model output is attributed to eddies, the
representation of which is crucial as they mediate the westward transport of
AW in the recirculation and thus structure the confluence forming the EGC.
Multiscale porosity changes along the pro- and retrograde deformation path: an example from Alpine slates
Authors: Akker Ismay Vénice , Kaufmann Josef , Desbois Guillaume , Klaver Jop , Urai Janos L. , Berger Alfons , Herwegh Marco
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Estimating the porosity of slates is of great interest for the industries dealing with sub-surface areas such as CO2 sequestration, nuclear waste disposal and shale gas but also for engineering purposes in terms of mechanical stability for underground or surface constructions. In this study, we aim at understanding estimates of the porosity of slates from the Infrahelvetic flysch units (IFUs) in the Glarus Alps (eastern Switzerland). Surface and sub-surface samples were collected along a temperature gradient from 200 to 320 °C and therefore give the opportunity to link pore types along this temperature and deformation path. In addition, we indicate which porosity is the effect of surface processes and indicate the contribution of artificially induced porosity. The developed workflow consists of a combination of bulk rock measurements including helium pycnometry (He pycnometry) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) with image analysis. Image analysis was performed with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on broad ion beam (BIB) prepared cross sections (BIB-SEM). Different vein generations provide evidence of porosity formation at depth, as they present paleo-porosity. Towards peak metamorphic conditions (prograde path), porosity reduces to < 1 vol%, indicated by matrix porosity detected by BIB-SEM. During exhumation (retrograde path) porosity increases due to the formation of microfractures interpreted as the effect of unloading (open fractures). At the surface, porosity is further increased due to the formation of macro-fractures (fracture apertures up to 1 mm), which are interpreted as being either due to the effect of weathering processes such as freeze and thaw cycles or artificially induced by sample preparation. Additionally, porosity and pore morphology are strongly dependent on mineralogy, sample homogeneity and strain, which change dynamically in time and space.
Argumentación y atenuación en construcciones del tipo "No es por X, pero Y"
Authors: Lanero Rodríguez Mª del Carmen
Published: September 2018

Este trabajo aborda la descripción de ciertas construcciones, muy frecuentes en la lengua coloquial, que responden al esquema No es por X, pero Y. Su interés radica en que manifiestan propiedades formales y pragmáticas que las diferencian de las prototípicas adversativas restrictivas. En este sentido, hemos de analizar el funcionamiento de la negación, imprescindible en el primer miembro o prefacio, al que confiere naturaleza polifónica. Por otra parte, es necesario describir el proceso argumentativo que se desarrolla a partir de las relaciones establecidas por pero entre ese segmento inicial, que actúa como procedimiento de atenuación, y el acto de habla que se pretende atenuar y que se realiza en el segundo miembro de la construcción. Incidiremos, por último, en los rasgos gramaticales que se derivan de las citadas funciones discursivas.
Entre la realidad y el deseo: la modalidad en la estructura del enunciado
Authors: Moreno Benítez Damián
Published: September 2018

Analizamos enunciados de modalidad desiderativa, especialmente los introducidos por el operador discursivo ojalá, con la finalidad de ubicar en la estructura del enunciado la inserción de elementos pertenecientes al plano de la modalidad. Comprobando las características de términos como ojalá, su distribución, su incidencia, sus rasgos formales, podemos contribuir, por un lado, a su definición categorial y funcional y, por otro lado, a desentrañar la compleja dimensión de la modalidad.
Utility and identity: an analysis of two rhetorical strategies in TV
Authors: Martínez Camino Gonzalo , Pérez Saiz Manuel , González Lavín Esther
Published: September 2018

Our starting point is the observation that television advertising sometimes attempts to persuade the viewer of the value of a product by showing how useful it will be to him in resolving a problem while, on other occasions, it does this by illustrating how it will help him to construct an identity which will be appreciated by himself and others (in this article, the convention of assuming that the communicator is female and the audience, male, will be followed). In accordance with the reason/tickle theory, the more the advertiser bases her strategy on the utility of the product, the closer her message will be to a prototypical reason ad. In contrast, the more she bases it on the capacity of the product to help the consumer to acquire a glamorous identity, the closer it will be to a prototypical tickle ad. In the first case, the advertisement is intended to address the viewer’s uncertainties directly, informing him efficiently about what is being sold to him and what use or savings it offers him. In the second case, meanwhile, the aim of the advertisement is to transmit the communicative intention of the advertiser and thus capture his attention. It will not, however, resolve the viewer’s uncertainties directly, but will rather base its relevance on its capacity to make him infer an array of weak implicatures which associate the product with a glamorous identity. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of nine advertisements, allowing us to describe in detail some specific cases which respond both to these two prototypes and to various points along the scale between them. The objectives are twofold: First, to offer the researcher a theory which allows him to make a thorough and rigorous analysis of the discursive nature of the television advertisement; and secondly, to use this theory to offer an explanation which responds to these characteristics of the above-mentioned strategies.
Principales patrones metonímicos en las extensiones semánticas de los términos cromáticos en español
Authors: Soto Nieto Almudena , Barcelona Sánchez Antonio
Published: September 2018

El presente artículo analiza los principales patrones metonímicos que intervienen en la extensión semántica polisémica de algunos términos cromáticos básicos en español. El objetivo es averiguar cuáles son los roles más destacados del color como vehículo y cuáles son los dominios meta a los cuales da acceso en esta lengua. En primer lugar, se exponen las características básicas de la metonimia conceptual y los aspectos clave de la misma que afectan al análisis. A continuación, se describen las diferentes proyecciones metonímicas responsables de la extensión semántica de los términos cromáticos estudiados.
Perfumería Floralia: un caso de contenido de marca a principios del siglo XX.
Authors: Arroyo Cabello María
Published: September 2018

Este artículo se propone analizar la página de contenido de marca de la perfumería Floralia, una de las primeras empresas españolas en confiar en la publicidad, y averiguar si en esta página colaboraron los principales dibujantes de la época.La metodología utilizada se basa en la revisión bibliográfica y hemerográfica de las revistas La Esfera y Nuevo Mundo desde 1914 hasta 1930, y en el análisis de contenido cuantitativo y cualitativo de las 85 páginas de contenido de marca.El trabajo revela que Floralia en 1917 fue pionera en adoptar una estrategia de branded content en España para fidelizar a sus consumidores con contenidos informativos y de entretenimiento como la moda y el humor. En la página de contenido de marca colaboraron excelentes dibujantes del primer tercio del siglo XX.
The effect of foliar feeding on physiological condition of apple trees and chemical content of fruits
Authors: Popova Valentina , Yaroshenko Olesya , Sergeeva Natalya
Published: September 2018

Chemical content of leaves and fruits of the low growing apple trees on the rootstocks SК4 and М9 in the result of application of foliar feeding with water solutions of various mineral fertilizers was studied. Special ballastless multi-nutrient fertilizers in solid and liquid forms containing a wide range of chelated microelements were used. The effect of foliar feeding on the content in plants and fruits of macro- and microelements at the fruit maturity stage was estimated with the help of the method of leaf analysis. Significant stable increase of the content of nitrogen and potassium was observed in the leaves of apple trees on the rootstocks SК4 and М9. The content of potassium and calcium in apples became higher. With the help of statistical analysis it is shown that there exists close correlation between the content of elements in leaves and fruits: (N) r = 0.79; (K) r = 0.77; (Ca) r = 0.94; (Cu) r = 0.75; (Mn) r = 0.89; (Zn) r = 0.75; (B) r = 0.70. In the result of our physiological and biochemical tests positive effect of mineral feeding on the functional condition of apple trees during summer season when being subjected to intensive hydrothermal stress factors was established. The foliar feeding effect appeared as changing of the ratio of water fractions in the apple tree leaves at the background of increasing atmospheric drought, which in some years in July and August reached the criteria of "hazardous weather". Sufficient level of water content in the cells of apple trees on the rootstocks SК4 and М9 in case of foliar application of fertilizers was ensured as a result of bound water increasing. Statistic analysis of the experimental data showed significant changes in the ratio of bound and free water fractions. In August, in the environment of strong impact of negative abiotic factors, at higher level of water content in the tissues it was found that the content of pigments in leaves was much higher than in the reference version. The functional changes confirm that application of mineral nutrients contributes to activation of the adaptation mechanism. When foliar feeding is used the content of biologically active substances in apples is the highest: content of vitamin C increases by 13.6 - 15.2%, vitamin Р - by 8.7 - 24.6%.
Agency Costs, Corporate Governance and the Nature of Controlling Shareholders: Evidence From French Listed Firms
Authors: Moez Dabboussi
Published: September 2018

This paper examines the impact of internal corporate governance on agency costs for French firms from 2000 to 2015. Our results reveal that shareholders themselves are not a homogenous group since they have no single common investment horizon. We found that managerial ownership is more effective in mitigating operational expenses. However, they take advantage of excessive spending on indirect benefits. We show that board of directors does not serve as a significant deterrent to excessive discretionary expenses. Finally, we found that dividend policy is a useful tool to reduce agency conflicts by reducing cash that is available for discretionary uses.
The Power of Making Places: Collaborative Heritage and Working with ARISC in Armenia
Authors: Franklin Kathryn , Babajanyan Astghik
Published: September 2018

This article discusses the origins and ongoing research of the Vayots Dzor Silk Road Survey (VDSRS), a collaborative archaeological project that for the last three years has focused on the recording, research, and management of the medieval landscape in Vayots Dzor, Armenia. The VDSRS was created in a space opened by the commitment and support of the Armenian Research Institute of the South Caucasus (ARISC), an Overseas Research Center supporting research in and about Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. We discuss the ways in which the support structure of ARISC has shaped both the potential for and the nature of research in Armenia. As we will explore, the “soft power” of institutional support has enabled a critical shift in the demographics of who leads research as well as an opening of possibilities for questions asked about the past and the accessibility of archaeological data.
Institucionalismo y nuevos enfoques políticos
Authors: Menéndez Alzamora Manuel
Published: September 2018

Después del dominio en la Ciencia Política de las corrientes conductistas se produce, desde finales de los años setenta y principios de los noventa, una recuperación del institucionalismo, lo que ha sido denominado nuevo institucionalismo, algo que de manera simbólica se conoce como la reincorporación del Estado (Almond, 1985). Esta reincorporación del Estado es un fenómeno ciertamente intenso en los Estados Unido s en la medida que el Estado nunca desapareció del todo, en la tradición europea, de la Ciencia Política (Peters, 2003); particularmente esto es cierto en la tradición española. Este artículo aborda el tema desde la historia y sus principales postulados, haciendo una reflexión al respecto de la institucionalidad del Estado y los nuevos enfoques políticos.Entorno, diciembre 2014, número 57: 39-43
La política de la migración en El Salvador desde un contexto global
Authors: Olesén Ann
Published: September 2018

En el artículo trato de visualizar la política de la migración de El Salvador a través de un recorrido de investigaciones internacionales. La migración ahora no es un fenómeno temporal, sino es una política del Estado como parte de una estrategia de desarrollo para resolver los problemas de la pobreza. Es un proceso político y la creación de una cultura de migración donde las claves para entender ese proceso son las remesas y la feminización de la migración. El regreso de emigrantes implicaría un costo alto a la economía nacional, tanto por la reducción de ingresos como para la reintegración en la sociedad.Entorno, diciembre 2014, número 57: 44-55
Microcrédito y créditos tradicional e informal como fuentes de financiamiento : facilidad de acceso y costos del capital de trabajo
Authors: Ordóñez Castaño Iván Andrés , Guerra Álvarez Eduar
Published: September 2018

Para lograr la inclusión económica de la gente, el acceso a capital de trabajo es un factor crítico en países en desarrollo. Uno de los primeros pasos es mediante la inclusión financiera, condición de la cual carecen la gran mayoría de las personas atrapadas en una espiral de pobreza. Los mecanismos establecidos para resolver esa situación es la financiación, con créditos denominados tradicional, microcrédito e informal.En las tres modalidades de financiación, el presente estudio encontró que son costosos; mucho más en la última. Sin embargo, el microcrédito, que es un producto para resolver el problema, no lo es; menos cuando se trata de personas con una necesidad tan clara de resolver su situación económica y con la intención de ser parte del sistema económico existente.Entorno, diciembre 2014, número 57: 56-69
Theory of Dark Matter and Dark Energy
Authors: Delort Thierry
Published: September 2018

In this article, we propose a new model of dark matter. According to this new model, dark matter is a substance, that is a new physical element not constituted of classical particles, called dark substance and filling the Universe. Assuming some very simple physical properties to this dark substance, we theoretically justify the flat rotation curve of galaxies and the baryonic Tully-Fisher’s law. We then study according to our new theory of dark matter  the different possible distributions of dark matter in galaxies and in galaxy clusters, and the velocities of galaxies in galaxy clusters.

Then using the new model of dark matter we are naturally led to propose a new geometrical model of Universe, finite, that is different from all geometrical models proposed by the Standard Cosmological Model (SCM). Despite that our Theory of dark matter is compatible with the SCM, we then expose a new Cosmological model based on this new geometrical form of the Universe and on the interpretation of the CMB Rest Frame (CRF), that has not physical interpretation on the SCM and that we will call local Cosmological frame. We then propose 2 possible mathematical models of expansion inside the new Cosmological model. The 1st mathematical model is based on General Relativity as the SCM and gives the same theoretical predictions of distances and of the Hubble’s constant as the SCM. The 2nd mathematical model of expansion of the Universe is mathematically much simpler than the mathematical model of expansion used in the SCM, but we will see that its theoretical predictions are in agreement with astronomical observations. Moreover, this 2nd mathematical model of expansion does not need to introduce the existence of a dark energy contrary to the mathematical model of expansion of the SCM. To end we study the evolution of the temperature of dark substance in the Universe and we make appear the existence of a dark energy, due to our model of dark matter.
Quantization of Damped Systems Using Fractional WKB Approximation
Authors: Jarabah Ola A.
Published: September 2018

The Hamilton Jacobi theory is used to obtain the fractional Hamilton-Jacobi function for fractional damped systems. The technique of separation of variables is applied here to solve the Hamilton Jacobi partial differential equation for fractional damped systems. The fractional Hamilton-Jacobi function is used to construct the wave function and then to quantize these systems using fractional WKB approximation. The solution of the illustrative example is found to be in exact agreement with the usual classical mechanics for regular Lagrangian when fractional derivatives are replaced with the integer order derivatives and r-0 .
Similarities and differences between positive and negative particle masses in the bicubic equation limiting particle velocity formalism: positive or negative muon neutrino mass?
Authors: Soln Josip
Published: September 2018

Here, rather detailed numerical comparisons of energies and momenta for$\ $\ positive $m_{+}=m\succ 0$ \ and negative \ $m_{-}=-m\prec 0$ \ \particle masses with $m_{+}^{2}=m_{-}^{2}=$ $m^{2}$ , within the bicubic

equation limiting particle velocity formalism with three particle limiting velocities $c_{1},$ $c_{2}$\ and $c_{3}$, are done. Already these limiting velocities, on a global scale, can differentiate positive, $m_{+}$ and negative \ $m_{-}$ particle masses. While $c_{1}(m_{+})$, $c_{2}(m_{+})$ and $c_{3}(m_{+})$ are real, imaginary and real, corresponding, respectively, to primary, obscure and normal particles; $c_{1}(m_{-})$, $c_{2}(m_{-})$ and $% c_{3}(m_{-})$ are respectively imaginary, real and real, now representing respectively, obscure, primary and normal particles. In fact, from limiting velocity solutions, one identifies: $c_{1}^{2}(m_{+})=$ $% c_{2}^{2}(m_{-}),c_{1}^{2}(m_{-})=c_{2}^{2}(m_{+})$, $c_{3}^{2}(m_{-})=$ $% c_{3}^{2}(m_{+})$.\ \ The unified particle mass-shell like forms with particle energies and momenta are readily expressible for $m_{+}=m\succ 0$ and $m_{-}=-m\prec 0$ masses with respective limiting velocities, separating $c_{3}(m_{+})$ from $c_{3}(m_{-})$ as well as $c_{1}(m_{+})$ from $% c_{1}(m_{-})$ and $c_{2}(m_{+})$ from $c_{2}(m_{-}).$

We assume that flavor neutrinos, which, while in process do not change flavor, belong to normal limiting velocity $c_{3}$ class. Then the muon neutrino from OPERA velocity measurement should maintain the same velocity squares $v^{2}$ and $c_{3}^{2}$ when one changes the positive neutrino mass $% m_{+\nu }\left( \mu \right) \succ 0$ into the negative neutrino mass $% m_{-\nu }\left( \mu \right) \prec 0$ , since theoretically $% c_{3}^{2}(m_{+\nu }(\mu ))=c_{3}^{2}(m_{-\nu }(\mu ))$. For OPERA measurements this is verified perturbatively by simultaneously evaluating squares of normal limiting velocities with $m_{+\nu }(\mu )$ and $m_{-\nu }(\mu )$ masses, yielding the same result $c_{3}^{2}(m_{+\nu }(\mu )=c_{3}^{2}(m_{-\nu }(\mu )\simeq v_{\nu }^{2}\left( \mu \right) \simeq c^{2} $.
Radiocesium Contamination in Samples of Blueberries Jams Collected in Stores of NE Italy (2013-2017)
Authors: Calabrese Massimo , Calabretti Antonella , Cantaluppi Chiara , Ceccotto Federica , Zannoni Daniele
Published: September 2018

The monitoring of radioactivity in foodstuffs is carried out for the purposes of food safety in order to follow the evolution of the contamination as result of incidents that occurred both in the past (eg Chernobyl) and in more recent times (eg, Fukushima). Then, the movement of goods from these countries to European Union may cause the propagation of foods potentially toxic for health.

At the Port of Trieste, in the period of September 2013, some loads of blueberries (Vaccinum mirtyllus L.) were examined within the application of EC Regulation 733/2008, on the conditions governing imports of agricultural products originating in the countries affected by the nuclear accident of Chernobyl in 1986.

The fruits came from Ukraine and were intended for the food preparations containing blueberries, in particular jams and marmalades.

As in some cases significant values of Radiocesium concentrations (Cesium-137) were found in blueberries, though below the limit of 600 Bq/kg as required by the Regulations, it was decided to verify whether the presence of this contaminant in the raw material at the tested levels could interest the finished products. In this work, we have therefore collected and analyzed some samples of concentrated blueberries products in different large stores, in order to verify the magnitude of the possible contamination by radio Cesium.
Taiwanese Students’ Considering Factors and Practical Suggestions Toward Studying Abroad in New Southbound Policy Countries
Authors: Sung Yu-Hsien , Lin Hsien-Ming
Published: September 2018

In 2017, Taiwanese government started to implement New Southbound Policy. For this policy, strengthening the cultivation and exchange of skilled people, or “talent,” between Taiwan and the southbound countries (NSPC) is the most important purpose. Notably, current data revealed that students of NSPC are more likely to study abroad in Taiwan; moreover, previous studies have explored this phenomenon called as ‘Global South to Global North’, which means the experience of students from developing countries studying in developed countries. However, compared to students of NSPC, the number of Taiwanese students studying abroad in NSPC is relatively less. To our understanding, no studies have explored what the causes for the above are. Therefore, this is a pioneer study to explore the perspectives of the students from developed countries toward studying abroad in developing countries, so that we can understand what are the main factors which may be considered when Taiwanese students consider studying abroad to NSPC (except for Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand). The mixed methods design was adopted in this study. 147 Taiwanese students accepted the questionnaire survey, 8 Taiwanese students were interviewed. The results indicated that, the following three factors are mainly taken into consideration by Taiwanese students when considering studying abroad to NSPC: academic, economic, and personal factor. Moreover, the results also echoed with the perspective of rational choice theory, which means the above three factors will be considered by students rationally, thereby influencing their decision-making on studying abroad. Furthermore, three suggestions were proposed for promoting Taiwanese students to study abroad in new southbound countries: first, Taiwanese government could assist public to broaden their understanding of these countries; second, Taiwanese government could provide students more necessary information such as the prominent academic subjects and its development in these countries, thereby helping them make decision on studying abroad in NSPC. Third, Taiwanese government could create more working opportunities for these Taiwanese students who graduate from NSPC.
Response of Four Shrub Species to Different Water Source Components in an Arid Environment
Authors: Wagner A. , Devitt D. A. , Bird B. , Jasoni R. , Arnone III J. A.
Published: September 2018

Shrubland species in the Great Basin (USA) depend on soil water recharged from precipitation and/or groundwater for survival and growth. Climate warming and possible basin water diversion could alter the amount and timing of water availability to these plants. The objective of this study was to quantify the extent to which each of four co-occurring shrub species, big sage [Artemisia tridentata], rabbitbrush [Ericameria nauseosus], greasewood [Sarcobatus vermiculatus] and shadscale [Atriplex confertifolia)) acquired water from different sources (precipitation, soil vadose zone and/or groundwater) during a growing season. Soil salinity increased linearly with depth over the upper 1.5 m of soil, with salinity ranging from 0.84 to 31.70 dSm-1 in saturation extracts (R2=0.78, p<0.001). Changes in soil water both with depth and time during the growing period indicated that all species accessed soil water from precipitation recharge. Evapotranspiration totals for the growing period exceeded total precipitation by 137 mm, indicating that plants also used water stored deeper within the vadose zone and/or from groundwater (particularly) by the phreatophyte greasewood. Delta18O in the soil solution declined linearly with depth over the upper 100 cm (R2=0.80, p<0.001). Delta18O values in greasewood corresponded closely to Delta18O values measured deeper in the vadose zone and groundwater. Output from a mixing model indicated a decrease in groundwater reliance for greasewood from 30% in July to 2% in September, with a major shift to deeper soil water in the vadose zone (180 cm depth) (38% in July to 97% in September). Our data suggested that the four shrub species at our site were able to coexist because of their different spatial, temporal, and physiological uses of available soil water, reflecting possible water resource partitioning based on differences in response to precipitation, ability to extract water at deeper depths and variable tolerance to elevated levels of soil salinity to access groundwater.
Using Technology in Education from the Pre-service Science and Mathematics Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Saylan Asli , Onal Nagihan Tanik , Onal Nezih
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study is to find out pre-service teachers’ views about the use of technology in science and middle school mathematics courses. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 pre-service teachers studying in a university in Central Anatolia Region during the spring semester of 2017-2018 academic year. The obtained data were analyzed using content analysis by the researchers. According to the findings, pre-service teachers thought that computer, smart board, projector, laboratory equipment, notebook, and pencil are the main technologies that can be used in the classroom. The participants also thought that presentation and video processing programs make course interesting and enjoyable, visualize the topic, make learning easier, and enable the permanent learning. However, they also stated that preparing a presentation and video processing program may be time consuming and boring if it is used throughout the course; and the program may not be useful for every subject. The participants found blogs and web pages useful since they give opportunities to share course content, materials, and information, make announcements to make students prepared for the course. Almost all the participants believed that technological equipment of their classroom definitely affect their teaching. Namely, in an ill-equipped class, the students would have difficulty in learning, tend to memorize things; also their attitudes, interests, and motivations towards the course, and participation in the lesson would be affected; and their learning would not be permanent.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 7, No. 5
Authors: Lin Grace
Published: September 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 7, No. 5, 2018