bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electroencephalography-Based Source Localization for Depression Using Standardized Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography – Variational Mode Decomposition Technique
Authors: Kaur Chamandeep , Singh Preeti , Sahni Sukhtej
Published: May 2019

Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) may be used as an objective diagnosis tool for diagnosing various disorders. Recently, source localization from EEG is being used in the analysis of real-time brain monitoring applications. However, inverse problem reduces the accuracy in EEG signal processing systems. Objectives: This paper presents a new method of EEG source localization using variational mode decomposition (VMD) and standardized the low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) inverse model. The focus is to compare the effectiveness of the proposed approach for EEG signals of depression patients. Method: As the first stage, real EEG recordings corresponding to depression patients are decomposed into various mode functions by applying VMD. Then, closely related functions are analyzed using the inverse modelling-based source localization procedures such as sLORETA. Simulations have been carried out on real EEG databases for depression to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. Results: The performance of the algorithm has been assessed using localization error (LE), mean square error and signal to noise ratio output corresponding to simulated EEG dipole sources and real EEG signals for depression. In order to study the spatial resolution for cortical potential distribution, the main focus has been on studying the effects of noise sources and estimating LE of inverse solutions. More accurate and robust localization results show that this methodology is very promising for EEG source localization of depression signals. Conclusion: It can be said that proposed algorithm efficiently suppresses the influence of noise in the EEG inverse problem using simulated EEG activity and EEG database for depression. Such a system may offer an effective solution for clinicians as a crucial stage of EEG pre-processing in automated depression detection systems and may prevent delay in diagnosis.
Recent Insights into Kidney Injury and Repair from Transcriptomic Analyses
Authors: Kirita Yuhei , Chang-Panesso Monica , Humphreys Benjamin D.
Published: May 2019

Injured tubular epithelium exhibits cellular plasticity in that it can dedifferentiate, reenter the cell cycle, and subsequently either redifferentiate or adopt a chronically injured phenotype. Although some nephrogenic genes are reexpressed during injury and repair, developmental pathways are only partially recapitulated and the process is more accurately viewed as an entirely new program intrinsic to the regenerative response to injury. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular circuitry underpinning epithelial plasticity have come from bulk, cell-specific, and single-cell transcriptomic analyses. These results have begun to define the signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks governing the epithelial injury response. In this review, we highlight recent transcriptomic analyses in kidney injury, repair and fibrosis, and outline the ways that these studies are improving our understanding of kidney regeneration.
Integrating Data From Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies to Assess Survival in Rare Diseases
Authors: Torbicki Adam , Bacchi Marisa , Delcroix Marion , Farber Harrison W. , Ghofrani Hossein-Ardeschir , Hennessy Brian , Jansa Pavel , Mehta Sanjay , Perchenet Loïc , Pulido Tomas , Rosenberg Daniel , Rubin Lewis J. , Sastry B.K.S. , Simonneau Gérald , Sitbon Olivier , Souza Rogério , Wei Lee-Jen , Channick Richard , Benza Raymond
Published: May 2019

Background:

Conducting randomized controlled trials to investigate survival in a rare disease like pulmonary arterial hypertension has considerable ethical and logistical constraints. In many studies, such as the Study with an Endothelin Receptor Antagonist in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension to Improve Clinical Outcome (SERAPHIN) randomized controlled trial, evaluating survival is further complicated by bias introduced by allowing active therapy among placebo-treated patients who clinically deteriorate.

Methods and Results:

SERAPHIN enrolled and followed patients in the same time frame as the US Registry to Evaluate Early And Long-term PAH Disease Management, providing an opportunity to compare observed survival for SERAPHIN patients with predicted survival had they received real-world treatment as in the Registry to Evaluate Early And Long-term PAH Disease Management. From the Registry to Evaluate Early And Long-term PAH Disease Management (N=3515), 734 patients who met SERAPHIN eligibility criteria were selected and their data used to build a prediction model for time to death up to 3 years based on 10 baseline prognostic variables. The model was used to predict a survival curve for each of the 742 SERAPHIN patients via their baseline variables. The average of these predicted survival curves was compared with observed survival of the placebo (n=250) and macitentan 10 mg (n=242) groups using a log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model. Observed mortality risk for patients randomized to placebo, 62% of whom were taking background pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy, tended to be lower than that predicted for all SERAPHIN patients (16% lower;
P
=0.259). The observed placebo survival curve closely approximated the predicted survival curve for the first 15 months. Beyond that time, observed risk of mortality decreased compared with predicted mortality, potentially reflecting the impact of crossover of patients in the placebo group to active therapy. Over 3 years, risk of mortality observed with macitentan 10 mg was 35% lower than predicted mortality (
P
=0.010).

Conclusions:

These analyses show that, in a rare disease, real-world observational data can complement randomized controlled trial data to overcome some challenges associated with assessing survival in the setting of a randomized controlled trial.

Clinical Trial Registration:

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT00660179 and NCT00370214.
Natural History, Quality of Life, and Outcome in Cardiac Transthyretin Amyloidosis
Authors: Lane Thirusha , Fontana Marianna , Martinez-Naharro Ana , Quarta Candida Cristina , Whelan Carol J. , Petrie Aviva , Rowczenio Dorota M. , Gilbertson Janet A. , Hutt David F. , Rezk Tamer , Strehina Svetla G. , Caringal-Galima Joan , Manwani Richa , Sharpley Faye A. , Wechalekar Ashutosh D. , Lachmann Helen J. , Mahmood Shameem , Sachchithanantham Sajitha , Drage Edmund P.S. , Jenner Harvey D. , McDonald Rosie , Bertolli Ottavia , Calleja Alan , Hawkins Philip N. , Gillmore Julian D.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is an increasingly recognized cause of heart failure in older individuals. We sought to characterize the natural history of ATTR-CM and compare outcomes and quality of life among patients with acquired and hereditary forms of the disease.

Methods:

We studied 711 patients with wild-type ATTR-CM, 205 with hereditary ATTR-CM associated with the V122I variant (V122I-hATTR-CM), and 118 with non-V122I-hATTR-CM at the UK National Amyloidosis Center between 2000 and 2017. Patients underwent prospective protocolized evaluations comprising assessment of cardiac parameters, functional status by 6-minute walk test, quality of life according to the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, and survival. Hospital service usage pre- and postdiagnosis was established using English central health records in a subset of patients.

Results:

There was substantial diagnostic delay, with patients using hospital services a median (interquartile range) of 17 (9–27) times during the 3 years before diagnosis, by which time quality of life was poor; diagnosis of wild-type ATTR-CM was delayed >4 years after presentation with cardiac symptoms in 42% of cases. Patients with V122I-hATTR-CM were more impaired functionally (
P
<0.001) and had worse measures of cardiac disease (
P
<0.001) at the time of diagnosis, a greater decline in quality of life, and poorer survival (
P
<0.001) in comparison with the other subgroups.

Conclusions:

ATTR-CM is an inexorably progressive and eventually fatal cardiomyopathy associated with poor quality of life. Diagnosis is often delayed for many years after symptoms develop. Improved awareness and wider use of recently validated diagnostic imaging methods are urgently required for patients to benefit from recent therapeutic developments.
Myocardial Strain and Cardiac Output are Preferable Measurements for Cardiac Dysfunction and Can Predict Mortality in Septic Mice
Authors: Hoffman Matthew , Kyriazis Ioannis D. , Lucchese Anna M. , de Lucia Claudio , Piedepalumbo Michela , Bauer Michael , Schulze P. Christian , Bonios Michael J. , Koch Walter J. , Drosatos Konstantinos
Published: May 2019

Background

Sepsis is the overwhelming host response to infection leading to shock and multiple organ dysfunction. Cardiovascular complications greatly increase sepsis‐associated mortality. Although murine models are routinely used for preclinical studies, the benefit of using genetically engineered mice in sepsis is countered by discrepancies between human and mouse sepsis pathophysiology. Therefore, recent guidelines have called for standardization of preclinical methods to document organ dysfunction. We investigated the course of cardiac dysfunction and myocardial load in different mouse models of sepsis to identify the optimal measurements for early systolic and diastolic dysfunction.

Methods and Results

We performed speckle‐tracking echocardiography and assessed blood pressure, plasma inflammatory cytokines, lactate, B‐type natriuretic peptide, and survival in mouse models of endotoxemia or polymicrobial infection (cecal ligation and puncture, [
CLP
]) of moderate and high severity. We observed that myocardial strain and cardiac output were consistently impaired early in both sepsis models. Suppression of cardiac output was associated with systolic dysfunction in endotoxemia or combined systolic dysfunction and reduced preload in the
CLP
model. We found that cardiac output at 2 hours post‐
CLP
is a negative prognostic indicator with high sensitivity and specificity that predicts mortality at 48 hours. Using a known antibiotic (ertapenem) treatment, we confirmed that this approach can document recovery.

Conclusions

We propose a non‐invasive approach for assessment of cardiac function in sepsis and myocardial strain and strain rate as preferable measures for monitoring cardiovascular function in sepsis mouse models. We further show that the magnitude of cardiac output suppression 2 hours post‐
CLP
can be used to predict mortality.
What and How the Deaf Brain Sees
Authors: Alencar Caroline D. C. , Butler Blake E. , Lomber Stephen G.
Published: May 2019

Over the past decade, there has been an unprecedented level of interest and progress into understanding visual processing in the brain of the deaf. Specifically, when the brain is deprived of input from one sensory modality (such as hearing), it often compensates with supranormal performance in one or more of the intact sensory systems (such as vision). Recent psychophysical, functional imaging, and reversible deactivation studies have converged to define the specific visual abilities that are enhanced in the deaf, as well as the cortical loci that undergo crossmodal plasticity in the deaf and are responsible for mediating these superior visual functions. Examination of these investigations reveals that central visual functions, such as object and facial discrimination, and peripheral visual functions, such as motion detection, visual localization, visuomotor synchronization, and Vernier acuity (measured in the periphery), are specifically enhanced in the deaf, compared with hearing participants. Furthermore, the cortical loci identified to mediate these functions reside in deaf auditory cortex: BA 41, BA 42, and BA 22, in addition to the rostral area, planum temporale, Te3, and temporal voice area in humans; primary auditory cortex, anterior auditory field, dorsal zone of auditory cortex, auditory field of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus, and posterior auditory field in cats; and primary auditory cortex and anterior auditory field in both ferrets and mice. Overall, the findings from these studies show that crossmodal reorganization in auditory cortex of the deaf is responsible for the superior visual abilities of the deaf.
Nonobligatory Control with Communication Verbs: New Evidence and Implications
Authors: Landau Idan
Published: May 2019

When occurring without their goal argument, communication verbs induce two types of control: obligatory control (OC) by the implicit goal, or nonobligatory control (NOC) by a salient antecedent. Arguments are presented to demonstrate that the two are genuinely distinct, and furthermore, that the NOC option is not reducible to embedded imperatives. The two types of control implicate the same grammatical representations, the single difference being the choice of the context of evaluation for PRO (fixed as the reported context in OC, free in NOC). Finally, evidence is presented (from VP-ellipsis) that reference to deictic antecedents in NOC is not direct but mediated via grammatically present entities (SPEAKER and ADDRESSEE functions).
What War Narratives Tell About the Psychology and Coalitional Dynamics of Ethnic Violence
Authors: Moncrieff Michael , Lienard Pierre
Published: May 2019

Models of ethnic violence have primarily been descriptive in nature, advancing broad or particular social and political reasons as explanations, and neglecting the contributions of individuals as decision-makers. Game theoretic and rational choice models recognize the role of individual decision-making in ethnic violence. However, such models embrace a classical economic theory view of unbounded rationality as utility-maximization, with its exacting assumption of full informational access, rather than a model of bounded rationality, modeling individuals as satisficing agents endowed with evolved domain-specific competences. A newer theoretical framework hypothesizing the existence of a human coalitional psychology, an evolved domain of competence, allows us to make sense of core features of memorial narratives about ethnic violence. Qualitative data from the interviews of fifty-seven participants who were impacted by the Croatian Homeland War support expectations entailed by a coalitional psychology model of ethnic strife.
Indian Medical Traditions Between State and Village
Authors: Bode Maarten
Published: May 2019

Apart from an introduction to the eight essays that make up this special issue of Asian Medicine this opening piece discusses India’s hierarchical medical landscape and the politics of value involved. Inspired by recent scholarship, I argue on the one hand that state-sanctioned medicine—formal biomedicine and formal Indian medicine—and, on the other hand, subaltern medicine practiced by informal practitioners—both folk and biomedical—typify the Indian medical landscape. Forms of Indian medicine are not bounded by themselves. Their demarcation is a political act. These politics of signification beg to be deconstructed when we want policies concerning Indian medicine to be realistic and successful. After all, the assumption of this introduction and the special issue as a whole is that Indian medicine deserves a place next to biomedicine.
Medicine and the Cultural Politics of National Belongings in Contemporary India
Authors: Khalikova Venera R.
Published: May 2019

The Government of India claims to promote plural medical traditions, currently institutionalized under the acronym AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy). Yet, one medical system—Ayurveda—receives most social and ideological support: Ayurveda is routinely constructed as the only truly Indian, homegrown, and national medicine, while the national belonging of other AYUSH traditions is challenged. This essay explores discourses surrounding the promotion of AYUSH and the privileged position of Ayurveda, situating them within two competing nationalist ideologies: the ideology of inclusive secularism anchored in the principle of India’s cultural diversity and the ideology of Hindu nationalism, which promotes a distinctive image of India as a country with a culturally monolithic foundation. By doing so, I show how a nation can be differently imagined through one medical tradition or through medical plurality. Furthermore, by analyzing media reports, official statements, and the narratives of AYUSH practitioners, I outline factors that contribute to Ayurvedic hegemony. In particular, I argue that the exceptionalism of Ayurveda rests on the fact that, unlike other alternative medical systems in India, it has been promoted as both cultural (“Indian”) and universal medicine—that is, medicine with global appeal.
Structuring Chinese Energy Investments Under the Russian Law on Strategic Investments
Authors: Seliverstov Sergey S. , Krivonosov Vsevolod D.
Published: May 2019

As one of the world’s leading oil- and gas-exporting countries, Russia has many of the prerequisites for playing a significant role in achieving some of the energy policy objectives of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In fact a number of multi-billion Chinese investments in the Russian energy sector have been made during the past few years. Taking the existing experience of Chinese energy investors into account, this article critically analyzes the legal and regulatory framework governing the production of natural resources and the making of energy investments in Russia. The Russian authorities consider energy as a sector of high strategic importance, necessitating increased attention by its legislator and supervising bodies. The article argues that the restrictions imposed on investors by Russia’s rigid legislation predetermine the participation of state-controlled companies and ensure that all major foreign investments in Russia’s oil and gas sector are assessed primarily for their political significance.
Chinese Foreign Investments in the European Union Energy Sector: The Regulation of Security Concerns
Authors: Bungenberg Marc , Hazarika Angshuman
Published: May 2019

Energy investments from China have been flowing into the European Union (EU) over the last decade at an increasing rate. Part of these investments are made under China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and involve Chinese State-owned Enterprises (SOEs). This flow of investments into critical sectors such as energy infrastructure and generation has raised considerable concern over their potential national security implications and prompted the European Commission to prepare new legislation to screen foreign investments in critical sectors, including energy. The new EU regulations complement existing investment screening mechanisms in a number of EU member states, and the application of EU merger control law. This article looks at the different screening and clearance mechanisms which Chinese investments in the energy sector may have to pass in the EU and aims to show how these screening mechanisms are used in practice.
The College of Unconventional Applied Arts and Sciences: a Prospectus
Authors: Berkich Don
Published: May 2019

The plodding rate of change within higher education makes it ill-suited to anticipate the challenges rapidly looming in government and corporate sectors. This prospectus outlines those challenges and describes a bold solution. If implemented, it would signal a less hidebound, more adroit institution of higher education to better serve students, business, and society, while fostering a new future for higher education.
A new species of Spigelia L. sect. Graciles (Loganiaceae) from northeastern Brazil
Authors: MACEDO ARTHUR , PESSOA EDLLEY , ALVES MARCCUS
Published: May 2019

A new species of Spigelia subg. Spigelia sect. Graciles, S. alborubra, is described and illustrated. It is known from Campos Rupestres and Caatinga s.s. in the states of Bahia and Pernambuco, Brazil. It is similar to S. pulchella, based on its exserted stigma and red corolla tube, but S. alborubra differs by its shorter corolla, with a constriction at the apex of the tube, whitish corolla lobes which open only at the apex, and by its inserted stamens. Based on the habit and on the shape of the corolla, it is superficially similar to other species of Spigelia subg. Spigelia sect. Graciles, such as S. gracilis, S. linarioides, S. schlechtendaliana and S. spartioides. However, the new species is easily distinguished from them by its salverform corolla and exserted stigma. According to the IUCN criteria, it is classified as Endangered (EN) due to its narrow distribution.
New species of the genus Navicula Bory (Bacillariophyceae, Naviculaceae) from Lake Teletskoye
Authors: CHUDAEV DMITRY A.
Published: May 2019

A new species from the diatom genus Navicula—N. teletskoyensis sp. nov. is described from mountain oligotrophic Lake Teletskoye (West Siberia). Morphology of the taxon was studied under light and scanning electron microscopy. New species is compared with morphologically similar species, it resembles N. pseudolanceolata, N. bourrellyivera, N. trivialis, N. oligotraphenta, N. hanseatica, N. melovskii, N. subconcentrica, N. johncarteri and N. vaneei.
A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Malaysia including a literature survey of mensural and meristic data in the genus
Authors: RÖSLER HERBERT , GLAW FRANK
Published: May 2019

We describe a new gekkonid lizard from Batang Padang, Perak province, Malaysia, based on a single specimen collected almost 100 years ago. Cyrtodactylus stresemanni sp. nov. apparently differs from all other species in the genus by large tubercles on the ventral side of the tail, suggesting an isolated position within the genus. A literature survey of meristic and mensural data of all described Cyrtodactylus species revealed further diagnostic characters to distinguish C. stresemanni from all other species.
A featherwing beetle without wings: re-discovery and second species of Rioneta (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) from the Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania
Authors: GREBENNIKOV VASILY V.
Published: May 2019

The type species of the monotypic beetle genus Rioneta Johnson, 1975, previously known from three specimens, is rediscovered in the Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania. A second sympatric species, R. inexpectata sp.n., is described. The relatively rare event of apparently obligate aptery in Ptiliidae is reported. The genus Rioneta, as well as Leptinla Johnson, 1985, are removed from the non-monophyletic Ptiliini and transferred to the tribe Ptinellini.
Description of the last-instar larva and pupa and the bionomics of Smicridea (Smicridea) truncata Flint (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil
Authors: PES ANA MARIA OLIVEIRA , HAMADA NEUSA , SOARES CLIMIIA CORREA
Published: May 2019

The larva and pupa of Smicridea (Smicridea) truncata Flint 1974 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) are described and illustrated. Larvae of S. truncata can be distinguished by the concave line on the median region of the frontoclypeus and presence of the tubular structures, located in the dorsolateral region of abdominal segment VIII, which were not observed in any of the described larvae of S. (Smicridea). This species was collected in a small wooden water trough at the Aruanã Farm, Itacoatiara municipality, and in four streams in Presidente Figueiredo municipality in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The larval diet was determined by stomach-content analysis; this caddisfly species feeds mainly on algae and diatoms.
New synonyms in neotropical Myrmicine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: BOLTON BARRY , SOSA-CALVO JEFFREY , FERNANDEZ FERNANDO , LATTKE JOHN E.
Published: May 2019

The year 2007 saw the publication of what is one of the most inadequate papers that has ever been produced in ant taxonomy. The paper, by Makhan (2007), claims to describe six new species of the ant genus Pyramica Roger, from Suriname.
Taxonomy and behaviour of lucioline fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae) with redefinition and new species of Pygoluciola Wittmer from mainland China and review of Luciola LaPorte
Authors: FU XIN HUA , BALLANTYNE LESLEY
Published: May 2019

Subfamily classification within the Lampyridae, and generic categories in the Luciolinae are reviewed, as are the difficulties that often exist with accurate species determinations because of inadequate definition of the genus Luciola LaPorte. A key to genera of the Luciolinae reflects current phylogenetic trends and includes the first morphological details of Luciola (Photuroluciola) (Pic). An expanded generic definition of Pygoluciola Wittmer includes an extension of its geographic range. Pygoluciola qingyu sp. nov. is described including morphology of males, females (bursa structure) and larvae, and the first record of synchronous flashing from mainland China. Behaviour including predacious activity by larvae on large mandibulate ants, in an apparently hazardous frontal attack, the semiaquatic mode of life and luminous activity including synchronous flashing is described and discussed. A lectotype male of Luciola cerata Olivier is designated and described.
A new species of Lobellina (Collembola: Neanuridae) from China
Authors: MA ZHI-CHUN , CHEN JIAN-XIU
Published: May 2019

The genus Lobellina is reported from China for the first time by a new species, Lobellina nanjingensis, described here. The species is assigned Lobellina because most, but not all, characters comply with the diagnosis of the genus given by Deharveng and Weiner (1984). It is suggested that the generic diagnosis needs to be slightly modified to take account of the characters of the new species. Lobellina nanjingensis sp. nov. differs from all known members of the genus in the specific character of 5+5 setae on ventral tube. It is similar to the Korean species L. paraminuta Deharveng and Weiner, 1984 in the structure of mandible and maxilla, the presence of cephalic seta O, the number of setae on tubercle Di of Abd. V and the number of dorsal tubercles on Abd. V. However, it is easily distinguished from the latter species by the body colour, the number of ventral tube setae, the structure of macrosetae, the type of cephalic seta O and the number of ocular setae.
Redescription of Huridostomum formionis Mamaev, 1970 (Digenea: Monorchiidae) from the black pomfret, Apolectus niger (Carangidae), from the coast of Visakhapatnam, Bay of Bengal with a discussion on related genera and the proposal of Pseudametrodaptes n. gen.
Authors: LAKSHMI T. TRIVENI , MADHAVI ROKKAM
Published: May 2019

The monorchiid trematode Huridostomum formionis Mamaev, 1970 originally described from the black pomfret, Apolectus niger, from the Gulf of Tonkin by Mamaev (1970) is redescribed based on material collected from the same host from the Visakhapatnam coast, Bay of Bengal. The redescription provides additional information on the arrangement of the enlarged spines on the anterodorsal region of the oral sucker, the structure of the terminal genitalia and the course of uterus. The most significant features typical for the genus are considered to be the combination of morphological features including the presence of enlarged spines along the anterodorsal margin of the oral sucker, a very long elliptical cirrus sac, a unipartite terminal organ with the metraterm joining it distally, and extensive uterine coils. The genus Huridostomum is included in the subfamily Monorchiinae, its relationship with other monorchiid genera possessing spines anterodorsal to the oral sucker is discussed, and the validity of some of these genera is examined. Neopisthomonorchis Varma, 1982 is synonymized with Ametrodaptes Bravo-Hollis, 1956 and the new combination Ametrodaptes pristopomatis (Varma, 1982) n. comb. is suggested. Pseudametrodaptes n. gen. is erected to include the Indian species of the genus Ametrodaptes characterized by the absence of spines in the genital atrium and the presence of a unipartite terminal organ with the metraterm joining its distal end. The following new combinations are suggested: Pseudametrodaptes secundus (Madhavi, 1977) n. comb., Pseudametrodaptes bravoae (Ahmad, 1985) n. comb., Pseudametrodaptes caballeroi (Ahmad, 1985) n. comb. and Pseudametrodaptes fischthali (Ahmad & Dhar, 1987) n. comb.
A new Peruvian species and new records of the genus Elmas Blackwelder (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ MARYZENDER , ASENJO ANGÉLICO , PÉREZ LUIS
Published: May 2019

Elmas gorky Rodríguez et al. new species, is described from the department of Madre de Dios in southeastern Peru. Major diagnostic features are photographed and illustrated. New records are provided for Elmas gigas Ashe & Chatzimanolis, Elmas lescheni Ashe & Chatzimanolis and Elmas strigella (Bernhauer).
Ceraeocercus Uvarov, a genus recorded in China for the first time (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae; Tettigoniinae; Drymadusini)
Authors: LIU FEI , CHOBANOV DRAGAN PETROV , CHEN LIUSHENG , LIU CHUNXIANG
Published: May 2019

Ceraeocercus Uvarov, 1910 of Tettigoniinae; Drymadusini is receded in China for the first time. Ceraeocercus fuscipennis fuscipennis Uvarov, 1910 is documented. Morphology and male calling songs are described and illustrations are provided.
Two overlooked generic synonyms in the Thraupidae (Aves: Passeriformes)
Authors: PIACENTINI VÍTOR Q. , UNITT PHILIP , BURNS KEVIN J.
Published: May 2019

In a revision of the generic classification of the tanagers, Burns et al. (2016) proposed the name Islerothraupis with type species Tanagra cristata Linnaeus, 1766 (long known as Tachyphonus cristatus); however, they overlooked a previous designation of that species as the type of a genus. In 1821, Feliks Pawel Jarocki, in the second volume of Zoologiia czyli Zwiérzętopismo Ogólne podług Naynowszego Systematu ułożone (“Zoology, or general natural history account according to the newest arranged system”), page 133, specified Tanagra cristata as the type of a proposed subgenus Loriotus. The original text in Polish is available at the website www.rcin.org.pl, the Digital Repository of Scientific Institutes, which has made a wide diversity of scholarship in Polish available over the Internet. The original description of Loriotus, in parallel with other names Jarocki introduced in his Zoologiia, is minimal: “Dziób ostro kończysty, cokolwiek zgięty. Żuchwy sczęki spodniey przy nasadzie bardzo mało zgrubiałe.” (Bill ending in a point, somewhat curved. Lower mandible slightly thickened at base.)
Two new and one known species of Phanodermatidae (Nematoda: Enoplida) from Sagami Bay, Japan
Authors: SHIMADA DAISUKE , KAKUI KEIICHI
Published: May 2019

Two new and one known species of free-living marine nematode belonging to the family Phanodermatidae are described. They were collected during the 12th Japanese Association for Marine Biology (JAMBIO) Coastal Organism Joint Survey off Jogashima, Japan in Sagami Bay, North Pacific Ocean. Phanodermopsis kohtsukai sp. nov. differs from the congeners by the shape of the tail, the longer spicules, and the absence of the gubernaculum. Micoletzkyia nakanoi sp. nov. differs from the congeners by the absence of a circle of cervical setae, the proportion of the tail, the cylindrical gubernaculum without projection, and the position of the vulva. Crenopharynx caudata (Filipjev, 1927) comb. nov. is transferred from the genus Phanodermopsis based on the presence of the long spicules. The morphological characters of the newly collected specimens of C. caudata comb. nov. are in excellent agreement with those shown in the original description of the specimens from Arctic Russia and the previous redescription of the specimens from Skagerrak. The new diagnoses and species lists for these three genera and two dichotomous keys to the males of Micoletzkyia and Crenopharynx are provided.
Local-Scale Urban Energy Balance Observation under Various Sky Conditions in a Humid Subtropical Region
Authors: Shi Yurong , Zhang Yufeng , Li Riyi
Published: May 2019

The present study presents local-scale urban energy balance observations under various sky conditions in a humid subtropical region. The study site is a typical urban residential area in Guangzhou in which building density is 38%, vegetation coverage is 36%, and mean building height is 21 m. The observation was conducted at a 110-m-high tower using the eddy covariance technique from September to November 2016. The median diurnal pattern and daily maxima were achieved for all radiation components and turbulent fluxes. The Bowen ratio (β) results indicated a predominant role for sensible heat flux (QH) in the daytime and latent heat flux (QE) at night. The sky conditions played a significant part in the urban surface energy exchanges, showing that the median daily maxima of net radiation (Q*),QH, storage heat flux (ΔQS), surface albedo, andβall present a consistent order from large to small for clear, cloudy, and rainy days and a different order of rainy, clear, and cloudy days forQE. The mean daytimeQH/Q*,QE/Q*, ΔQS/Q*, andβchanged with urban density, whileQE/Q* andβalso varied with vegetation fraction. Furthermore, the adaptability of net all-wave radiation parameterization (NARP), objective hysteresis model (OHM), and local-scale urban meteorological parameterization scheme (LUMPS) were validated, given the index of agreements of 0.998 and 0.951 forQ* and ΔQSand the reasonable RMSEs forQHandQE. The present study helps to verify and improve the parameterizations of energy exchange over an urban surface in the humid subtropical region.
Response of Southern Ocean Ventilation to Changes in Midlatitude Westerly Winds
Authors: Waugh Darryn W. , McC. Hogg Andrew , Spence Paul , England Matthew H. , Haine Thomas W. N.
Published: May 2019

Changes in ventilation of the Southern Hemisphere oceans in response to changes in midlatitude westerly winds are examined by analyzing the ideal age tracer from global eddy-permitting ocean–ice model simulations in which there is an abrupt increase and/or a meridional shift in the winds. The age response in mode and intermediate waters is found to be close to linear; the response of a combined increase and shift of peak winds is similar to the sum of the individual responses to an increase and a shift. Further, a barotropic response, following Sverdrup balance, can explain much of the age response to the changes in wind stress. There are similar peak decreases (of around 50 years) in the ideal age for a 40% increase or 2.5° poleward shift in the wind stress. However, while the age decreases throughout the thermocline for an increase in the winds, for a poleward shift in the winds the age increases in the north part of the thermocline and there are decreases in age only south of 35°S. As a consequence, the change in the volume of young water differs, with a 15% increase in the volume of water with ages younger than 50 years for a 40% increase in the winds but essentially no change in this volume for a 2.5° shift. As ventilation plays a critical role in the uptake of carbon and heat, these results suggest that the storage of anthropogenic carbon and heat in mode and intermediate waters will likely increase with a strengthening of the winds, but will be much less sensitive to a meridional shift in the peak wind stress.
A Vortex-Based Doppler Velocity Dealiasing Algorithm for Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Chang Pao-Liang , Fang Wei-Ting , Lin Pin-Fang , Yang Ming-Jen
Published: May 2019

In this study, a vortex-based Doppler velocity dealiasing (VDVD) algorithm for tropical cyclones (TCs) is proposed. The algorithm uses a Rankine combined vortex model as a reference field for dealiasing based on an inner–outer iterative procedure. The structure of the reference vortex is adjusted in an inner iterative procedure of VDVD that applies the ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD) technique. The outer loop of the VDVD based on the GBVTD-simplex algorithm is used for center correction. The VDVD is able to recover not only the aliased Doppler velocities from a simulated symmetric vortex but also those superimposed with wavenumber-1 asymmetry, radial wind, or mean flow. For real cases, the VDVD provides dealiased Doppler velocity with 99.4% accuracy for all pixels, based on 472 elevation sweeps from a typhoon without landfall. It is suggested that the VDVD algorithm can improve the quality of downstream applications such as Doppler wind retrievals and radar data assimilations of TCs and other storms, such as tornadoes and mesocyclones, with vortex signatures.
Exploring the Role of Depressive Symptoms, Service Members, and Spousal Demographic Characteristics on Military Spousal Employment
Authors: Lara-Cinisomo Sandraluz , Han Bing , Neuhausen Rachel
Published: May 2019

Military spouses, most of whom are women, often contend with a number of factors that can influence their employment status. Previous studies have examined the role of service-member and spousal demographic characteristics on wives’ employment. However, little is known about the role spousal mental health has on employment while controlling for demographic characteristics. Using repeated-measures logistic regressions, this longitudinal study explored associations between spousal mental health and employment while controlling for service-member and spousal characteristics in a sample of 1,164 women. Fewer depressive symptoms were significantly associated with employment ( p < .05). Spouses of enlisted personnel, women who were older, racial/ethnic minorities, homeowners, or had city stability, had higher odds of employment ( p < .05). Military spouses of active duty service members and those less educated had lower odds of employment ( p < .05). Depressive symptoms and demographic characteristics should guide employment opportunity programs for military spouses.
Undergraduates’ Considerations in Declaring Either a Bachelor of Science or a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology
Authors: Hong Phan Y. , Lishner David A. , Ebert Alexandria , Zimmerman Caileigh , Oechsner Markus , McCann Lee I.
Published: May 2019

Undergraduate psychology majors ( n = 277) completed a survey assessing their rationale for pursuing either a Bachelor of Arts (BA) or Bachelor of Science (BS) degree. Only 52.9% correctly identified the differences in degree requirements. Of those, BA students indicated greater science anxiety and avoidance than those pursuing a BS. BS students reported greater foreign language anxiety and avoidance than those pursuing a BA. Differences in math anxiety and avoidance were not found. Consideration of math and science degree requirements was more influential on degree choice for those pursuing a BA than for those pursuing a BS, but neither group differed in how influential advisors, family, faculty, family, or career path were in influencing degree choice. Results suggest students’ degree choice may be based on their aversion to areas of study emphasized by the alternative degree: pursuing a BA to avoid science and pursuing a BS to avoid foreign language.
Inflammation in Tic Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Are PANS and PANDAS a Path Forward?
Authors: Gilbert Donald L.
Published: May 2019

This review and commentary is the product of an invited lecture called “Autoimmunity: PANS/PANDAS” presented at the 2018 Neurobiology of Diseases in Children Symposium in Chicago, IL. The talk addressed clinical and scientific questions and recently published data. At this time, among highly experienced and respected clinicians and researchers spanning relevant disciplines, there is substantial controversy regarding a role for inflammation in producing tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder. This commentary summarizes these controversies, discusses reasons for opposing views on best clinical practices, and concludes with suggestions for pathways forward.
Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of Waterproof Breathable Fabric Produced by a Coating Process
Authors: Ghezal Imene , Moussa Ali , Marzoug Imed Ben , El-Achari Ahmida , Campagne Christine , Sakli Faouzi
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this research was to evaluate mechanical properties of a waterproof breathable fabric. A spacer knit with a cotton inner face and a polyester (PET) outer face was coated in order to obtain a waterproof breathable fabric. The applied coat was a mixture of an acrylic paste and a fluorocarbon resin. The treated fabric has undergone several tests to evaluate its mechanical properties. Tensile strength, flexural strength, abrasion resistance, and wrinkle recovery behavior were measured and discussed. After the coating treatment, the fabric was rigidified by 25% and 19% in wale and course directions, respectively. The coated PET face of the spacer fabric was not altered even after 125,000 abrasion cycles. A stiffer fabric was obtained after the coating treatment. However, fabric recovery behavior was ameliorated by 78% and 72% according to wale and course directions, respectively. The coated fabric can be used to produce raincoats and jackets.
Compliance of a Baby-Friendly Designated Hospital in Ghana With the WHO/UNICEF Baby and Mother-Friendly Care Practices
Authors: Agbozo Faith , Ocansey Doris , Atitto Prosper , Jahn Albrecht
Published: May 2019

Background:

Although the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative has improved breastfeeding rates globally, weak monitoring still affects hospital-level implementation.

Research aim:

To reassess compliance of a Baby-Friendly Hospital with the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding, International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, HIV and Infant Feeding, and Mother-Friendly Care following the WHO/UNICEF global criteria.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional, prospective, mixed-methods study ( N = 180), clinical staff ( n = 60), pregnant women ( n = 40), postpartum mothers ( n = 60), and mothers of babies in intensive care ( n = 20) were randomly selected from one urban secondary-level public hospital in Ghana designated as Baby-Friendly in 2004 but never reassessed. Data were collected through interviews, document reviews, and observations using the revised WHO/UNICEF external reassessment tool and analyzed quantitatively using the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative computer tool. Scores higher than 80% signified a pass (high compliance). Scores rated as low (< 50%) and moderate (50–80%) signified noncompliance.

Results:

The facility passed the criteria for full compliance with the International Code (86%) but failed other components. Compliance with the Ten Steps was moderate (55%). Step 7 about rooming-in (84%) and Step 9 about human milk substitutes (100%) were passed, whereas Step 1 about written breastfeeding policies (0%), Step 2 about staff training (7%), and Step 4 about early breastfeeding initiation (31%) were met the least. Compliance with Mother-Friendly Care (34%) and HIV and Infant Feeding (47%) were low. Main implementation gaps were unavailability of policies and staff’s inadequate knowledge about Baby-Friendly practices.

Conclusions:

Improving staff training and maternal counseling, routinely reassessing designated facilities, and providing technical support in problematic areas might sustain implementation.
Sustainable development oriented bi-level dynamic programming method toward the coal–water conflict in China
Authors: Hu Zhineng , Yan Shiyu , Lv Chengwei , Yao Liming
Published: May 2019

As coal and water resources are important foundations of sustainable national economic and social development, the coal–water conflict has been drawing increasing attention. In particular, pollution and reductions in groundwater resources are major problems. To analyze the coal–water conflict, this study presents a bi-level dynamic program in an uncertain environment that comprehensively considers the relationship between the government and colliery enterprises. The goal is to create a fair and reasonable mining quota allocation scheme based on environmental protection and economic development. Moreover, the model considers mining activities in different coal seams for each colliery as well as the effect of seasons. A probability measure is used to solve the problem of uncertainty. The bi-level model is a nondeterministic polynomial hard problem, and an interactive algorithm is designed. Then, the proposed model is applied to a specific example to demonstrate its practicality and efficiency. Sensitivity analyses of the proposed model are conducted for different scenarios. The results can help the government devise a more strategic mining quota scheme focused on environmental protection and colliery mining quotas. Thus, the proposed model can not only propose reasonable mining quotas, but also ensure sustainable development.
Predictors of Runaway Behavior Among At-Risk Youth
Authors: Moon So-Hyun , Kim Hyung-Ran , Kim Miok
Published: May 2019

This study examines the factors influencing runaway experiences among at-risk youth. Using the data of 1,743 at-risk youth from the 2016 survey of Korean adolescents’ contact with media usage and harmful environment, a logistic regression analysis was conducted. This study shows that factors associated with the adolescents’ experiences of family relationships, violence victimization, and harmful environment influence the occurrence of runaway behavior in at-risk adolescents. A significant outcome of this study is the identification of a harmful environment as a factor affecting runaway behavior. The factors identified need to be considered in the development of prevention programs targeting runway behavior among at-risk youth. School nurses are uniquely positioned to review and revise educational strategies to raise adolescents’ awareness regarding the effects of harmful environments and to promote violence prevention. This framework provides school nurses with systematic methods for early identification and management of risk factors among at-risk youth runway behavior.
High resolution MALDI-TOF-MS and MS/MS: Application for the structural characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides
Authors: Lesur David , Duhirwe Gilbert , Kovensky José
Published: May 2019

Sulfated oligosaccharides are involved in important biological events that are often modulated by specific sequences and sulfation patterns, but their structural analysis remains challenging. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) analysis of three different sulfated oligosaccharides (Fondaparinux, the octasulfated pentasaccharide, a disulfated heparin-derived tetrasaccharide 1, and an octasulfated maltoheptaose) 2 was performed using the 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid-tetramethylguanidinium (HABA-TMG2) matrix. High resolution mass spectrometry of the main ions observed was successful, and this was complemented by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis for structural assessment. Despite sulfate losses, fully sulfated molecular ions were observed and these allowed the determination of oligosaccharide structures: UA-GlcNAc-UA(2S)-AnhMan(6S) for compound 1 and (Glc6S)6-Glc (1S,6S) for compound 2.