bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dental maturity in hypopituitarism, and dental response to substitution treatment
Authors: MYLLÄRNIEMI SINIKKA , LENKO HANNA LIISA , PERHEENTUPA JAAKKO
Published: October 2007

abstract— In 25 patients with hypopituitarism the relation of skeletal and dental maturity and the effects on it of substitution therapy for 2–4 years were analyzed. Dental age was retarded less regularly and to a lesser degree than skeletal age and statural growth. In most patients dental age was within the range of 0–2 s.d. All components of dental development seemed equally retarded. Changes in dental delay during GH treatment were variable, but in most cases parallel to the changes in statural and skeletal delay. When treatment was discontinued the lag in dental age increased, showing a response similar to that of skeletal age.
Acute and protracted effects of vinblastine on odontoblasts and dentinogenesis in rat incisors
Authors: MIKKELSEN HANNE B.
Published: October 2007

abstract— The effects of a large dose of vinblastine sulfate (2 mg/kg body weight) on proliferating odontoblast precursors and secretory odontoblasts in the continuously growing rat incisor were studied. The rats were killed 6 h, 24 h, 3 d and 7 d after vinblastine injection. Most cells in the proliferating zone contained arrested mitoses, or had perished after 24 h. After 3 and 7 d, the odontoblasts derived from this zone were reduced in number, and showed altered cell shapes. The odontoblasts had produced irregular dentin. The secretory odontoblasts had displaced nuclei and altered cell shapes after 24 h. Those most affected were opposite early mineralized dentin. In some incisors the cells had perished. In the protracted experiments almost all the odontoblasts were changed and had produced abnormal dentin. In the early mineralized dentin area, accumulations of cells were present after 3 d, and osteodentin‐like material after 7 d.
Effect of vincristine on odontoblasts in rat incisor
Authors: Stene Torbjörn
Published: October 2007

abstract— Vincristine in doses of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 mg/kg was administered to 60 rats in four groups. Histomorphologic investigation of the odontoblast population in the maxillary incisors revealed dose‐dependent reactions consisting of (1) swelling of the odontoblasts and an accumulation of abnormal mitotic cells in the germinative parts of the pulp after 5 h, (2) a supervening necrosis and destruction of some odontoblasts and of the mitotic cells after 24 h, and (3) after 3 d, a reversal to normal structure in some parts of the odontoblast population, but a further development of the vincristine‐induced changes, with severe cellular derangement and irregular predentin production, in others.
Hereditary fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva with varying penetrance and expressivity
Authors: RAESTE ANNA‐MAIJA , COLLAN Y. , KILPINEN E.
Published: October 2007

abstract— A kindred affected with hereditary fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva with varying penetrance and expressivity is described. Most of the affected members were short in stature. The pedigree strongly suggested an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The penetrance of the trait varied, and three unaffected persons had transmitted the disease to their offspring. There were two modes of expression. The mild form showed only bilateral rugose thickening of the palate, whereas the severe form showed gingival hyperplasia in addition to changes in the palatal mucosa. The changes were already present at birth. Histological examination showed large amounts of alcian blue‐positive extracellular material in the subepithelial connective tissue of the hyperplastic mucosa. Loose collagen‐poor connective tissue with alcian blue‐positive extracellular material and dense collagen‐rich connective tissue in the rugose projections of the palatal mucosa were often segregated.
Electron microscopy of exfoliated cells of human oral mucosa
Authors: COLLAN Y. , RAESTE ANNA‐MAIJA
Published: October 2007

abstract— Exfoliated cells of the human buccal mucosa were studied in 35 adults. All cells showed signs of necrosis: condensation of nuclear chromatin, dilated mitochondria with flocculent densities, dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes detached from the endoplasmic membranes, aggregates of degenerated organelles in the cytoplasm, and discontinuity of nuclear and plasma membranes. Desmosomes were preserved in cells exfoliated in groups, but in single cells the former sites of desmosomes were only occasionally identified. The cells contained filaments about 150 Å in diameter, often arranged in bundles around aggregates of degenerated organelles. Ruthenium red stained the glycocalyx of the epithelial cells and the capsule of accompanying bacteria. The glycocalyx did not appear to contribute to binding the bacteria to cell surfaces. The findings are discussed in the light of recent studies on cell necrosis, and culminate in a hypothesis to explain exfoliation of cells of the oral epithelium.
Barrier properties of inflamed denture‐loaded palatal mucosa to water
Authors: RIBER ELISABETH , KAABER SVEND
Published: October 2007

abstract— The barrier property of inflamed palatal mucosa to water has been studied in eight adult edentulous persons with a generalized denture stomatitis, by measuring the transmucosal water flow under varying osmotic gradients. Flow rates were registered gravimetrically in solute saturated filter paper discs after 10‐min periods of mucosal contact, using solutions with an osmolarity of 0, 0.25, 0.30, 0.38, 0.50 and 0.75 osmol sucrose/1. The histology of the mucosal areas was evaluated from cytologic scrapings, and biopsy material from two persons. The inflow with use of pure water was 2.98 mg/cm2/10 min, being about three and a half times greater than through the intact mucosal surface. The point of isotony of the inflamed mucosa ranged between 0.30 and 0.36 with a mean value of 0.33 osmol/1, thus being of the same magnitude as in plasma and tissue fluid. The observations from the biopsy material were in accordance with earlier histological evidence from generalized denture stomatitis, indicating that the permeability properties of the inflamed mucosa belonged to epithelial cell layers located in the lower part of the spinous layer.
Creep and β1 formation in dental amalgam
Authors: JENSEN STIG JORGO , JØRGENSEN KNUD DREYER
Published: October 2007

abstract— Measurements of creep, β1 phase content and γ1 lattice parameter were performed on four conventional amalgams stored at 37°C up to 2 years. The creep values and lattice parameters decreased and the β1, content increased during this period; the most prominent alterations took place within the first 6 months.
Histomorphologic investigations of dentinogenesis in incisors of offspring of cyclophosphamide‐treated pregnant rats
Authors: KOPPANG HANNA STRØMME
Published: October 2007

abstract— Eight days old offspring of six rats treated with single doses of 40 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide on the 20th day of pregnancy constituted two experimental groups. Group 1 (40 mg/kg) comprised 21 animals, Group 2 (50 mg/kg) 14 animals. Histomorphologic investigations of the maxillary and mandibular incisors revealed the following changes: (1) dental constrictions, (2) niche‐like dentinal defects, (3) scalloping of the amelodentinal junction, (4) incremental line in the pre‐experimental tooth segment, (5) external resorptions, and (6) diffuse edema in the pre‐experimental part of pulp. Constrictions and niches qualitatively concurred with those previously observed in adult rats of the same strain, but the lesion frequency was essentially higher in the offspring. Further, the additional change of external resorptions was evinced by the offspring incisors, and changes only rarely observed in adults, such as scalloping of the dentinoenamel junction and a dentinal incremental line, constituted frequent findings in the offspring material.
Distortion of mandibular kinesthesia induced by vibration of human jaw muscles
Authors: HELLSING GUSTAF
Published: October 2007

abstract— Kinesthetic experience accompanying vibration of human jaw muscles was investigated in 12 healthy subjects. Vibration of the masseter muscle with the jaw in a 20mm opened position caused the subjects either to underestimate jaw closing effects or to experience jaw opening movements depending on whether the mandible was free to move or kept in a constant position. During vibration of the depressor muscles with the mandible in its rest position the subjects underestimated an opening movement, but fixation of the mandible caused no illusions of movement. All kinesthetic illusions perceived during vibration corresponded to elongation of the muscles under study beyond their actual length. Distortion of kinesthesia was independent of the amplitude and frequency of vibration and it persisted during anesthesia of the temporomandibular joints and loading of the mandible. It can be concluded that jaw muscle receptors may contribute to mandibular kinesthesia.
Histoquantitation on small jaw specimens
Authors: VON WOWERN NINA , STOLTZE KAJ
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT – A Study is carried out to evaluate the possibility of obtaining a measure of bone mass and bone activity by histoquantitation on small jaw specimens. The material consisted of bone autopsy specimens from premolar regions of mandibles and regions above maxillary second incisors. Microradiograms of 100‐μm‐thick buccal‐lingual ground sections were used. Quantitation of bone mass (bone area in percent), bone coarseness (total bone surface/bone area), and bone activity (resorption surfaces/total bone surface) was done in well‐defined areas of cortical and trabecular bone by an electronic point‐counting system. The analysis indicates that: (1) no further information or accuracy is obtained from measurements of large areas than of small areas of cortical or trabecular bone, (2) the bone mass in the buccal cortex anterior to the mental foramen is independent of side and state of dentition, and (3) maxillary specimens are unsuitable for quantitation of bone mass. A small bone specimen taken anterior to the mental foramen seems to be suitable for histoquantitation, when a reliable and representative measure of bone mass and bone activity in the mandible is desired for analysis of intermandibular differences.
A scanning electron microscopic and microradiographic study of pits in fluorosed human enamel
Authors: THYLSTRUP A. , FEJERSKOV O.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— The aim of the present study has been to correlate the surface appearance of pitted, fluorosed enamel in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the microradiographic features of the underlying tissue. Intact enamel surfaces of severely fluorosed teeth appeared similar to that of normal enamel. In the unabraded surfaces discrete pits were sharply demarcated from the surrounding intact enamel surface leaving steep walls of parallel running rods. The microradiographic appearance of sections made through pits indicated that focal loss of surface enamel occurred corresponding to the inner highly hypomineralized part of the fluorotic subsurface lesion. The abrupt wall formation and the finding that the striae of Retzius never changed direction along the margins of the lesions indicated that pits in fluorosed enamel may be secondarily produced defects rather than true hypoplasias. Further evidence of the posteruptive origin of the defects was derived from the observation that enamel lamellae occasionally formed part of the lateral border. The relatively higher degree of radiopacity observed in the tissue surrounding the pit indicates a posteruptively acquired deposition of minerals in the exposed porous enamel.
A comparison between different methods for prediction of caries activity
Authors: KLOCK B. , KRASSE B.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— The aim of the study was to find out if any of the following factors, alone or in combination, could be used for prediction of caries activity: salivary) S. mutans, salivary lactobacilli, buffer capacity, saliva secretion rate, salivary pH, the amount of plaque and the caries freguency. The patient material consisted of 300 children between 9 and 12 years old. The increment of caries after 1 and 2 years was compared with all the above factors registered at baseline. Only the factors caries frequency and S. mutans showed a significant correlation to caries activity. In one of the tests the lactobacillus count approached significance. The combination of high numbers of incipient smooth surface lesions, S. mutans and lactobacilli gave a mean value of caries activity almost three times that of the whole group (8.4 versus 3. I).
Effect on caries in mentally handicapped children of addition of fluoride and bicarbonate‐phosphate to dietary sugar products
Authors: LUOMA H. , NYMAN A. , TOIVONEN A. , SÖDERHOLM S. , NUUJA T. , KANTERO R‐L. , HASSINEN M‐L. , JOKELA M. , NUMMIKOSKI P. , RANTA H. , THESLEFF I.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— Mentally handicapped children, aged 5–15 years and living in institutions, received fluoride supplement in several sugar products of their diet; in candies, marmalades, jams, fruit juices and in sweet desserts corresponding to 10 mg F as NaF per kg of the sugar (sucrose or glucose) of each product. To two of the four daily candies was also added a NaHCO3+KH2PO4 mixture (mole ratio 9.8/1, resp.) to substitute for 2.5% of the sugar of the candy. The control children received the respective products without the additives. After stepwise exclusions of subjects for various reasons, e.g. for the absence of permanent teeth, low initial caries activity, strong medication, Down's syndrome, etc, the mean DMFS‐increment in the remaining 48 control subjects was 4.5 and in the 41 test subjects 2.6 lesions/100 surfaces at risk, i.e. 42% reduction. Caries arrestment had occurred in these test subjects after the first year, while in the respective controls it was cantinuously increasing. Among numerous oral and body parameters. studied, only surface enamel fluoride in primary teeth was increased by the fluoride supplements and urinary phosphate and calcium excretion decreased.
Pulpotomy of primary molars with coronal or total pulpitis using formocresol technique
Authors: MEJÀRE INGEGERD
Published: October 2007

Abstract— The aim of this study was to evaluate whether formocresol can be used successfully in teeth with carious exposure and a vital pulp with clinical symptoms of chronic pulpitis. Further, the study concerned the influence on the success rate of the vehicle for formocresol. Pulpotomies were performed on 81 primary molars. Radiographic and other clinical symptoms were used to divide the material into a coronal chronic and a total chronic pulpitis group. Chosen by lot, zinc oxide‐eugenol or Pharmatec® (a plaster‐like non‐eugenol cement) was used as the vehicle for formocresol. After an observation period of 2.5 years the success rate for the whole material was 55%. No statistically significant difference in the rate of success could be demonstrated either between the two diagnostic groups or between the two vehicle groups.
A method for studying epithelialmesenchymal interactions in human oral mucosal lesions
Authors: MACKENZIE I. C. , DABELSTEEN E. , ROED‐PETERSEN B.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— A system has been developed for examining connective tissue influence on keratinization of normal and leukoplakic human oral epithelia. Paired biopsy specimens of normal and leukoplakic mucosa were left intact or were incubated in 1 mM EDTA to permit epithelial‐connective tissue separation and various recombinations of the epithelium and connective tissue. The tissues were transplanted to subdermal sites of “nude” (nu/nu) mice and were protected by polyethylene capsules. 44% of implants performed were recovered apparently vital. Preexisting structure was retained after epithelial‐connective tissue separation and self‐recombination. Cross‐recombined specimens showed changes in patterns of keratinization including changes of keratinized leukoplakic epithelium to a nonkeratinized type.
Dental discolorations and side effects with iron and placebo tablets
Authors: LÖKKEN P. , BIRKELAND J. M.
Published: October 2007

abstract— In a randomized double‐blind cross‐over study, 19 young women received iron tablets (Neo‐Fer®) containing 0.20 g ferrous fumarate (60 mg Fe++), and placebo tablets, twice daily during two periods of 8 weeks each. Development of discolorations on fillings and tooth surfaces was studied by careful clinical examination, and by paired comparison of color transparencies taken before and after each period of treatment. Any tendency of this oral iron preparation to cause dental discoloradons could not be detected in the present group of women with good oral hygiene. Seven participants reported gastrointestinal discomfort, two of them only when receiving placebo tablets.
Effect of mechanical plaque control on development of subgingival plaque and initial gingivitis in neutropenic dogs
Authors: SCHROEDER H. E. , ATTSTRÖM R.
Published: October 2007

abstract— Histologic, histometric and morphometric investigations were performed on the gingival tissues of three neutropenic dogs. Over a period of 4 d the animals had been subjected to daily toothcleaning on the left side of both jaws, whereas plaque accumulation and subsequent gingivitis occurred on the uncleaned teeth of the right side of both jaws. Observations and data revealed that subgingival plaque had formed in both sides and extended further apically (max. 0.6 mm) on the cleaned than on the uncleaned sides. In the responding gingival tissues, leukocytes of the junctional epithelium were more numerous and blood vessels of the marginal connective tissue occupied a greater volume on the cleaned sides when compared with the uncleaned sides. It is concluded that neutrophilic granulocytes normally help to prevent bacterial invasion into the dentogingival region, and that, in the presence of subgingival plaque, toothcleaning may aggravate the inflammatory response of the gingiva.
Effects of bactericidal treatments on bacterial adherence and dental plaque formation
Authors: ØRSTAVIK DAG , RUANGSRI PORJAI
Published: October 2007

abstract— in vivo plaque formation was significantly reduced when tooth surfaces were subjected to topical applications of iodine (0.2% I2 in 2.0% KI) twice daily for 3 d. Similarly, in vivo plaque formation was significantly reduced on enamel surfaces that were subjected to ultraviolet irradiation. Control experiments indicated that neither ultraviolet irradiation nor iodine treatment interfered with mechanisms for bacterial apposition to dental plaque. The results are interpreted to suggest that plaque grows in mass primarily by the division and multiplication in situ by plaque bacteria, not by a continued apposition of salivary microbes.
Interaction of acid glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides) with hydroxyapatite
Authors: EMBERY GRAHAM , RÖLLA GUNNAR , STANBURY JON B.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— Selected acidic glycosaminoglycans (GAG) have been used as a model series to study some binding properties of hydroxyapatite. The order of binding was heparin, heparin sulfate, dermatan sulfate/chondroitin‐4‐sulfate/chondroitin‐6‐sulfate (all similar) and hyaluronic acid, indicating that the negative charge on the molecules is a major determinant in the binding process. Both calcium and saliva pretreatrnent led to an increase in uptake of selected GAG whereas fluoride even at 1 and 3 parts/106 levels led to a graded reduction in uptake. The clinical significance of these findings may be related to the presence of certain GAG in the dental integuments and to the interaction of a chemically defined group of compounds at a specific solid surface. Such findings may also have an application in studies on endogenous mineralization. The results are in accord with the generally held view that polyanions may interact electrostatically with calcium sites present in the crystal lattice of the hydroxyapatite.
Calcium fluoride containing granules produced in vitro in rat bones
Authors: LINDEMANN GERTRUD , NYLEN MARIE U.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Femurs and tibias of normal rats were fixed in 4% unbuffered solutions of glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde containing 1 % NaF. Following washing, radiographically controlled demineralization was performed in 3.25% HNO3. Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of so‐called fluoride granules in bone trabeculae, cartilage, cartilage remnants, bone cells, chondrocytes and in the bone marrow. Selected area diffraction indicated that the fluoride granules contained CaF2. X‐ray diffraction analysis of non‐demineralized NaF‐fixed bones were negative for CaF2. The results are discussed and related to precipitation artifacts reported in demineralized hard tissues and to similar CaF2‐containing granules observed in demineralized bones and incisors of rats given high doses of NaF in diet or drinking water.
Microleakage around preventive composite fillings in loaded teeth
Authors: RAADAL MAGNE
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage around preventive composite fillings in teeth subjected to mechanical loading and thermal cycling, and to assess the influence of the consistency of the composite resin upon the leakage. The fissure enamel was partially removed without dentin exposure in 30 extracted maxillary premolars. The cavities were etched with phosphoric acid and filled with undiluted composite (Adaptic®) or composite diluted with varying amounts of liquid resin (Adaptic Bonding Agent®). Five teeth were not acid etched and served as a control group. All teeth were mechanically loaded and unloaded, simulating masticatory forces, and subsequently thermally cycled between two dye solutions. Extensive leakage was seen around all fillings in the control group, while slight leakage, restricted to the feather‐edge margin, was seen in five teeth with acid etched cavities. Three of these contained undiluted composite fillings. Twenty teeth showed no leakage. The results show that preventive composite filling provides good sealing of occlusal fissures, and that the seal is resistant to those thermal and mechanical stresses which may be expected in vivo. The use of diluted composite resin in preventive composite fillings is recommended.
Affinity of hydroxyapatite for furfural and a brown pigment formed by furfural and glycine
Authors: NORDBÖ HÄKON , ERIKSEN HARALD M. , RÖLLA GUNNAR
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The affinity of hydroxyapatite for furfural and a brown pigment formed by furfural and glycine was studied. A series of mixtures containing 1 M furfural and 0.25–2.0 M glycine were incubated at 37°C and aliquots of hydroxyapatite added. The apatite showed a strong affinity for the brown pigment formed, and an excess of glycine in the mixtures appeared to enhance the binding. The adsorption of furfural to hydroxyapatite was estimated by a spectrophotometric method. The data revealed that pretreatrnent with CaCl2 and glycine significantly increased the adsorption of furfural.
Access to interproximal tooth surfaces by different bristle designs and stiffnesses of toothbrushes
Authors: NYGAARD‐ØSTBY PER , EDVARDSEN STEIN , SPYDEVOLD BAARD
Published: October 2007

Abstract – An in vitro model for the purpose of testing the access to interproximal tooth surfaces by toothbrushes is described. The model was used to compare the access of different bristle designs and stiffnesses. Two standardized brushing techniques were used: a horizontal and a vertical one. The test method discriminated significantly between different bristle designs and stiffnesses. With regard to interproximal access the V‐shaped bristles were superior to the straight multitufted ones and soft bristles were better than medium and stiff ones. This study also indicated that the interproximal access increased with increasing pressure within the pressure range chosen. Of the two techniques used in this study the vertical one was superior to the horizontal. The results indicated that some current opinions with regard to mechanical cleaning should be re‐evaluated and clinical testing methods be further developed to enable corresponding in vivo testing.
Location and variation in number of taste buds in human fungiform papillae
Authors: ARVIDSON KRISTINA
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Serial sections of 182 human fungiform papillae, obtained at autopsy from 22 individuals aged 2 days to 90 years, were examined by light microscopy with regard to location and number of taste buds. The taste buds were always found on the convex, dorsal surface of the papillae but otherwise failed to display any preferential location pattern. A total of 262 taste buds, an average of 1.4 per papilla, were found. However, there was considerable variation in the occurrence of taste buds, both from papilla to papilla and from case to case. While the number of taste buds in a single papilla varied from 0 to 27, 63% of the papillae had no taste buds at all, 26% had 1–3 buds and the remainder 4 or more buds. The mean number of taste buds per papilla varied from 0 to 9 between individuals; no dependence upon sex or age could be demonstrated for this variation. The significance of these anatomical findings with regard to physiological studies on taste involving the fungiform papillae is discussed.
Autoradiographic study of distribution patterns of metals which occur as corrosion products from dental restorations
Authors: SöREMARK RUNE , DIAB MISBAH , ARVIDSON KRISTINA
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Radioactive chromium, cobalt, gold and mercury, all of which may occur as corrosion products from dental restorations, were injected in single doses via the tail vein of mice and an in vivo analysis of their distribution was performed using whole‐body autoradiography. Gold seemed to be inert and went mainly to the liver and bones. The other elements studied were distributed widely in the body and remained for a long period of time in specific target organs and tissues.
Levels of mercury and silver in dust from the trimming of amalgam dies
Authors: BRUNE DAG , BELTESBREKKE HANS
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The levels of mercury and silver in dust arising from the trimming, i.e. grinding, of amalgam dies in dental laboratories have been measured. In breathing air close to the workpiece, the mercury and silver contents exceeded the threshold limit values for short‐term exposure by factors of about 60 and 400 in cases when local ventilation was not in use. With efficient local exhaust systems enabling a dust reduction of about 94%, the short‐term exposure limit values for mercury and silver were exceeded by factors of about 4 and 20 respectively. Mercury and silver were assayed quantitatively by means of nuclear chemical analysis. A major part of the amalgam dust consisted of respirable particles. The collected dust comprised about 80% amalgam and 20% particulate matter from grinding wheels and stones according to SEM and EDAX measurements.
Microbial composition of monkey dental plaque (Macaca arctoides and Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: MASHIMO P. A. , ELLISON S. A. , SLOTS J.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The supragingival and subgingival dental plaque flora of Macaca arctoides and Macaca fascicularis monkeys were examined using mylar strip impressions, direct smears, and cuiture techniques. In smears, samples generally contained 40–50% cocci, 20–30% rods, 8–20% fusiform bacteria, and 4–5% each of filaments, vibrios and spirochetes. Differences in the ratios of the various bacterial groups related to age and sex were found. Several monkey bacterial species were similar to those in human dental plaque. The present results indicate that the Macaca female monkey can be a suitable animal model for the experimental studies of dental diseases.
Vincristine's effect on dentinogenesis in rat incisor
Authors: STENE TORBJØRN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Vincristine was administered to 60 rats in four groups in doses of 0,1, 0,3, 0,5 and 0.7mg/kg. Histomorphologic investigation of the dentin and odontoblasts in the maxillary incisors after 1, 2 and 3 weeks revealed a moderate to severe disturbance of dentin production in some parts of the incisors. In some of the affected areas the effect seemed to be reversible in that normal‐appearing dentin was found pulpal to the dentinal derangements after 2 and 3 weeks. The distribution and severity of the lesions were similar to those previously observed 3 days after injection of the same doses of vincristine.
Saliva secretion following long‐term antidepressant treatment with nortriptyline controlled by plasma levels
Authors: BERTRAM ULRIK , KRAGH‐SØRENSEN PER , RAFAELSEN OLE J. , LARSEN NIELS‐ERIK
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Eight patients undergoing antidepressant therapy with nortriptyline for 1–4 years were investigated. The period of the investigation was 7 weeks and included a 2‐week placebo period, blind for the patients. Total saliva secretion measurement, the nortriptyline plasma level, and signs and symptoms of depression and side effects were obtained once a week during the study. The results of the investigation were: (1) long‐term treatment with nortriptyline is followed by hyposecretion or xerostomia, (2) the reduction of the secretion is reversible, (3) re‐establishment of treatment with dosage leading to the same serum level of nortriptyline is immediately followed by a drop in saliva secretion, and (4) the changes in salivary secretion are useful as an indicator of side effects. The practical importance of the investigation is discussed.
Various lipopolysaccharides reduce adhesion of periodontal ligament fibroblasts
Authors: BLOMLöF LEIF , OTTESKOG PER , SöDER PER‐öSTEN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The interaction of LPS from Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and lipid A from S. typhimurium with adhesion of human periodontal cells on plastic surfaces has been studied. The results showed that LPS and lipid A reduced adhesion already after 5 min at concentrations from 5 to 200 μg/ml without influencing cell viability. It could be demonstrated that LPS and lipid A interact with both the cell and the substratum surface. Lipid A from S. typhimurium was more potent than any of the LPS used.
Long‐term effects of colchicine on dentinogenesis in rat incisors
Authors: NOGUEIRA TEREZINHA DE OLIVEIRA , STENE TORBJØRN , KOPPANG HANNA STRØMME
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Colchicine in doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg was administered to 15 rats divided in three experimental groups. Histomorphologic investigation of the maxillary incisors after 2 weeks revealed; 1) alterations in the odontoblasts mainly related to size, shape, polarity and staining properties, and 2) presence of irregular dentin separated from normal dentin by one or two incremental lines. The dentinal irregularities were dose‐dependent and consisted of twisting of the dentinal tubules, globular formations and cellular inclusions in addition to niche‐like defects.
Caries increment and gingival status during 2 years' use of chlorhexidine‐ and fluoride‐containing dentifrices
Authors: DOLLES OVE K. , GJERMO PER
Published: October 2007

Abstract – A total of 91 schoolchildren, 13 years of age, were distributed into three groups. Three test dentifrices were used containing 0.1% NaF, 0.1% NaF and 2% chlorhexidine, and 2% chlorhexidine, respectively. The caries increment and gingival conditions over a period of 2 years were recorded. The caries data of the groups were compared and related to two reference groups in order to estimate a possible influence upon the study results by a change in caries incidence general to the area and age groups in question. There was less caries in the group using the dentifrice containing fluoride and chlorhexidine than in the two other test groups. The differences in caries increment between the groups were not statistically significant. The gingival health seemed to improve in all groups, but there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. The caries data from the reference groups indicated that the general trend towards reduced caries incidence was different from that of the study group.
In vivo effect of four antibacterial agents upon the acidogenicity of dental plaque
Authors: OPPERMANN RUI VICENTE , GJERMO PER
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The present study was carried out to compare the effect of chlorhexidine, iodine, alcohol and hydrogen peroxide on the acidogenicity of dental plaque in vivo. Plaque pH changes after application of sucrose were measured before and at various time intervals after the topical application of the agents. The MIC values of the different agents were assessed against plaque bacteria in vitro. The antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine and iodine were similar whereas alcohol and hydrogen peroxide were less effective in the concentrations employed. The results showed that chlorhexidine 2%, iodine 2%, and alcohol 70% inhibited pH drops for a 24‐h period after treatment whereas 3% hydrogen peroxide had no effect. Chlorhexidine 0.2% inhibited acid production to a greater extent than did alcohol 50% and iodine 0.2%. It is suggested that retention of chlorhexidine in plaque may explain the observed prolonged effect.
Streptococcus mutans‐like bacteria from human dental plaque in a Sri Lanka (Ceylon) population
Authors: DENEPITIYA LAKSHMAN , SCHIöTT C. RINDOM
Published: October 2007

Abstract – This paper reports on the presence of low numbers of Streptococcus mutans among the oral streptococci present in human dental plaque in a Sri Lanka (Ceylon) population, where the caries activity is low and a low sucrose intake is combined with the presence of heavy plaque deposits. Plaque samples of unknown age were collected from 10 individuals in a tea estate, and another 10 samples were collected from dental students 19 days following interruption of oral hygiene. Of 670 such strains of oral streptococci studied, none showed typical “frosted glass” colony morphology on Mitis Salivarius agar. However, when subjected to physiological tests 14 of them were classified as S. mutans.
Effect of oral hygiene education on children with and without subsequent orthodontic treatment
Authors: LUNDSTRöM FREDRIK , HAMP SVEN‐ERIK
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The aim of the present investigation was to study whether an intense period of individual oral hygiene education would result in proper dental health behavior and to compare the effects of such education on 30 individuals undergoing subsequent orthodontic treatment and 30 controls without such treatment. The investigation consisted of two experimental periods: one period of oral hygiene education during which information on proper plaque control was given fortnightly for 6 weeks and one follow‐up period of 30 months corresponding to the orthodontic treatment phase. The results suggest that it is possible to achieve and maintain a high standard of dental health behavior following an intense period of individual oral hygiene education. A certain deterioration of the gingival status was observed after 3 months in the orthodontically treated children. This was interpreted as being due to the influence of subgingivally located orthodontic bands. After 30 months a high level of oral hygiene and gingival status as well as a low caries activity were still apparent with only minor and insignificant differences between the children subject to orthodontic treatment and the controls.
Ultrastructural features of the epithelial‐mesenchymal interface in an ameloblastic fibro‐odontoma
Authors: JOSEPHSEN KAJ , LARSSON AKE , FEJERSKOV OLE
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The ultrastructural features of the epithelial‐mesenchymal interface in a case of an ameloblastic fibro‐odontoma was studied with special reference to possible signs of “inductive” processes. In most parts of the tumor, the odontogenic epithelium was separated from the connective tissue by a thick rim of a finely filamentous mesh work in which a basal lamina was occasionally observed. Mesenchymal cells were seen to touch the filamentous mesh work but no membrane bound matrix vesicles were recorded. Small areas of dentin‐like tissue were found in the juxtaepithelial connective tissue while enamel‐like areas and spherical calcified masses were encountered in epithelial islands. The organic matrix in relation to the enamel‐like tissue consisted of either tubular fibers or a fine‐granular material. It was assumed that the tubular matrix component directed the formation of long enamel‐like crystals, and that the fine‐granular matrix was degraded tubular fibers in which spherical calcified masses might arise. Spherical calcified masses could be found in separate follicles also where they were related to a fine‐fibrillar matrix or collagenous material. The cell layers forming the wall of the islands had a great resemblance to those of an enamel organ, but the findings of dentin‐free, enamel‐like areas are not compatible with the inductive theory of normal odontogenesis.
Effect of the setting expansion of dental stone upon the die precision
Authors: FINGER WERNER
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The present investigation has shown that the setting expansion of two dental stones when measured according to the ADA Specification No. 25, was lower than the expansion determined by a dial gauge method. The values from this latter test and the percentage deviation of the diameter of full crown stone dies (produced in individual silicone impressions) from the base diameter of the original preparation were identical. A reduction of the effective setting expansion to a value of 0.05% or less is desirable and proved possible for the stone materials studied without altering other important properties.
Evidence in favor of an anti‐invasion factor in cementum or periodontal membrane of human teeth
Authors: LINDSKOG SVEN , HAMMARSTRÖM LARS
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

A casein‐agar method for the detection of protease inhibitors has been used on human teeth. Periodontal membranes or cementum have been shown to contain a potent collagenase inhibitor. This inhibitor might explain why the roots of teeth are normally protected against resorption. A similar protease Inhibitor has recently been demonstrated in cartilage and there it was called an anti‐invasion factor.
Longitudinal study of occlusion in the primary dentition in 3‐ to 7‐year‐old children
Authors: RAVN J. J.
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The material for the study comprises plaster models of 269 Copenhagen children, the impressions for which were taken during the month each child attained the ages of 3 and 7 years. A comparison was made of occlusion in the single child in the period. The study illustrates clearly that the same given percentage in two age groups is by no means a guarantee that there have been no changes. The canine relationships in particular are unstable during the period of study. The only stable occlusion is distal occlusion in the primary dentition. This occlusion is invariably maintained and is always transferred unchanged to the permanent dentition.
Effect of mouthrinses with SnF2, LaCl3, NaF and chlorhexidine on the amount of lipoteichoic acid formed in plaque
Authors: BEAZLEY VIOLET CATHERINE CHARLOTTE , THRANE PER , RÖLLA GUNNAR
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The in vivo effect of some cations on the amount of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) formed in plaque was investigated in two studies. In the first part five students followed six mouthrinsing programs, each of which lasted 4 d. Rinsing was performed for 1 min every second hour with a test solution (0.05% stannous fluoride (SnF2); 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate; 0.3%, lanthanum chloride (LaCL3) and 0.05% sodium fluoride (NaF)), followed 5 min later with a rinse of a 15% sucrose solution. Sucrose alone and xylitol rinses were used as controls. The second part involved a group of 10 students rinsing for 1 week four times daily with a sucrose solution, and for another week four times daily with the same sucrose solution and in addition, three times daily with a 0.05% SnF2 solution. The individual plaque samples were collected after each rinse program, made into a suspension and then divided for protein analysis, carbohydrate analysis and estimation of LTA by phenol extraction and indirect hemagglutination against a specific antiserum. The total amount of plaque formed and the LTA content were reduced in sucrose plaque by the chlorhexidine and SnF2 rinse programs, or when xylitol replaced sucrose as the main sugar source. There was no significant effect with LaCl3 or NaF. The rinse programs produced changes in the clinical appearance of the plaque.
Plaque inhibition by guanidino propyl piperazine (CKO 569A)
Authors: MELSEN BIRTE , AGERBÆK NINA , ZEUNER ELLEN , RÖLLA GUNNAR
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The plaque inhibiting effect of the antibacterial substance, guanidino propyl piperazine (CKO 569A) has been analyzed in a clinical study of 10 adults. Plaque formation was enhanced by three daily rinses with 15% sucrose. Normal hygiene was performed. The effects of a twice daily mouthwash of 30 s duration with 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05% CKO 569A, 0.05% chlorhexidine and a placebo on plaque formation were compared through a registration of plaque scores. Each solution was tested over a period of 5 days. As a result of this study it could be concluded that in humans CKO 569A is an effective inhibitor of plaque, and that lingual plaque scores appear to be a good indicator of plaque inhibiting activity.
Affinity chromatography of human saliva lysozyme and effect of pH and ionic strength on lytic activity
Authors: VASSTRAND ENDRE N. , JENSEN HARALD B.
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

Lysozyme from human saliva was purified in one step by affinity chromatography on chitin. The recovery, however, was always very low, typically 25–40%. When the cationic exchanger BioRex 70® was used, the enzyme was isolated from saliva with only minor loss of activity, and the product appeared to be 60–70% pure. This partially purified enzyme bound completely and reversibly to chitin and was thereby purified to homogeneity with little loss of activity (< 10%). Both saliva lysozyme and the chicken egg white lysozyme were found to exhibit their highest lytic activity at high pH/low ionic strength (pH 9.0, I = 0.03), and both enzymes required higher ionic strength at lower pH for optimal activity. From isoactivity curves (activity as a function of pH and ionic strength) it was found, however, that the ratio of the specific activity of saliva lysozyme to that of chicken lysozyme varied considerably depending on the assay conditions used. We argue strongly, therefore, against the frequent use of chicken lysozyme as a standard of reference in work on human lysozyme.
A 12‐month study on changes in the barrier properties of denture‐loaded palatal mucosa in immediate denture wearers
Authors: RIBER ELISABETH , KAABER SVEND
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The changes of barrier properties and surface cytology of the palatal mucosa during a denture‐wearing period of 12 months has been studied in 18 adult subjects. Transmucosal rates of water transport and that of a 1.10 osmol sucrose solution were registered gravimetrically before denture treatment, after 3 months and after 12 months of denture wearing according to procedures described earlier. The keratinization pattern and the leukocyte migration were evaluated from scrapings taken from the palate and the fitting surface of the denture. The clinical appearance was recorded photographically. After 3 months of denture wearing only minor changes in permeability and surface cytology were observed. After 12 months a distinct grouping of the material was possible with regard to permeability reactions, as seven subjects showed no changes, five subjects demonstrated an increased osmotic activity in the palatal mucosa, and six subjects exhibited a severely decreased barrier function. The color photos revealed inflammatory reactions of the palatal mucosa in the latter group. The cytologic observations showed after 12 months a significant decrease in the proportion of anucleated cells in the inflammatory group, but only minor changes in the remaining material.
Surface roughness of gold alloy castings
Authors: FINGER WERNER , JøRGENSEN KNUD DREYER
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The present investigation has shown that the surface of gold alloys cast in both a new and probably improved investment and in two commercial gypsum‐bonded investments fulfills all conventional clinical requirements as regards retention and precision of the cemented restorations and easy polish ability. With a view to retention the sometimes slightly rougher surfaces of castings in the new investment are advantageous.
An improved dental casting investment
Authors: FINGHER WENER , JØRGENSEN KUND DREYER
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

In the present investigation a gypsum‐bonded investment is presented with negligible setting expansion and a thermal expansion of 1. 7%. This investment can and should be used without a steel casting ring. In combination with an earlier described die‐spacing technique the new investment facilitates the production of gold inlays and crowns which, independent of type, will show suitable degree of loose‐fit in or in the preparations in the patient's mouth.
Development and distribution of proximal caries in 303 9–20‐year‐old individuals in a Copenhagen suburb
Authors: BILLE JETTE
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The purpose of the present study was to establish a theoretical basis for the practice of screening for identification of caries risk groups. Longitudinal data concerning the development of proximal caries in 303 persons from the age of 9 to the age of 20 were examined with regard to statistical distribution. Data from each year and from the entire period showed a close fit to the negative binomial distribution. This distribution can be the result of independent random occurrences, but varying susceptibility, Thus the consistent existence of a caries risk group is illustrated by this analysis, but no prediction is made, It is suggested that future evaluations of preventive measures directed toward caries risk groups should express the degree to which the similarity between the distribution of proximal caries and the negative binomial distribution can be eliminated.
Interaction of pulsed carbon dioxide laser beams with teeth in vitro
Authors: BRUNE DAG
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

Beams of pulsed carbon dioxide lasers with energy densities of about 10, 100 or 200 J/mm2 have been applied perpendicularly to third molars in vitro for the purpose of preparing cavities or pin holes for retention. A pulsed beam with an energy density of about 10 J/mm2 produced a hole approximately 2 mm deep with a diameter of about 0.2 mm. With a beam of 100 J/mm2 the hole produced penetrated the tooth to a depth of 4 mm. Minor cracks around the hole in both enamel and dentin could be observed. Around the position where the beam entered the enamel matrix a white mineralized layer was observed, while a brown discoloration was formed around the hole in the dentin at the beam exit. With an energy density of 200 J/mm2 the formation of cracks and discoloration was very pronounced. X‐ray diffraction of lased tissue revealed an apatite structure. The wall in the lased hole exhibited a Vicker hardness number similar to that of enamel.