bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brokers Compensate for Leader–Member Exchange Differentiation
Authors: Eichenseer Vivien , Schulte Eva-Maria , Spurk Daniel , Kauffeld Simone
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Due to the relevance of innovations for organizational success, we investigated the impact of (relative) leader–member exchange (LMX) on individual- and team-level perceptions of the climate for innovation (PCI) as well as whether the presence of an individual with a high LMX relationship who plays a mediating role for individuals with lower LMX relationships during team meetings (i.e., a broker) moderates the effects of LMX differentiation. We conducted multilevel analyses of self-assessment and video data from 286 employees in 45 innovation teams. The results confirm the positive effect of (relative) LMX (RLMX) on PCI. The negative effect of LMX differentiation on PCI is not present in teams with a broker. Finally, individuals with high RLMX play a more central role in meetings than those with low RLMX.
Efficient Extraction of Past Seawater Pb and Nd Isotope Signatures From Southern Ocean Sediments
Authors: Huang H. , Gutjahr M. , Kuhn G. , Hathorne Ed C. , Eisenhauer A.
Published: January 2021

Radiogenic lead (Pb) and neodymium (Nd) isotope compositions extracted from authigenic phases in marine sediments are sensitive tracers to reconstruct past ocean circulation and water mass mixing. Chemical reductive leaching of hydrogenetic ferromanganese oxyhydroxides from bulk sediments is the most practical way to recover past seawater Pb and Nd isotope signatures in the Southern Ocean, due to the scarcity of alternative archives. However, the leached signal could be compromised if substantial quantities of Pb and Nd were released from non‐hydrogenetic sediment fractions during chemical extraction. Here we developed a very short 10‐s leaching method to extract reliable seawater Pb and Nd isotope signals from sediments in the Atlantic sector of Southern Ocean. The effect of a previously recommended MgCl2pre‐wash, the role of chelate ligands in the leaching solution and length of leaching time were investigated. The results show that 10‐s exposure time of sediments to reductive leaching extracted sufficient and more reliable hydrogenetic Pb and Nd compared with the commonly used 30‐min leaching approaches. The robustness of our improved leaching method was validated via direct comparison of Pb and Nd isotope signatures with actual seawater, porewater, and corresponding sediment leachates from three stations in front of the Antarctic Filchner‐Rønne Ice Shelf. Our findings also indicate that in contrast previously studied sites on the West Antarctic continental shelf, the bottom seawater Nd concentration is less elevated through benthic fluxes in the area of the southern Weddell Sea shelf.
Validation of the Community Land Model Version 5 Over the Contiguous United States (CONUS) Using In Situ and Remote Sensing Data Sets
Authors: Cheng Yanyan , Huang Maoyi , Zhu Bowen , Bisht Gautam , Zhou Tian , Liu Ying , Song Fengfei , He Xiaogang
Published: January 2021

The Community Land Model (CLM) is an effective tool to simulate the biophysical and biogeochemical processes and their interactions with the atmosphere. Although CLM version 5 (CLM5) constitutes various updates in these processes, its performance in simulating energy, water and carbon cycles over the contiguous United States (CONUS) at scales which land surface changes and hydrometeorological and hydroclimatological applications are more locally relevant is yet to be assessed. In this study, we conducted three simulations at 0.125° during 1979–2018 over the CONUS using different configurations of CLM, namely CLM5‐biogeochemistry (CLM5BGC), CLM4.5BGC, and CLM5‐satellite phenology (CLM5SP). We validated and compared their simulations against multiple remote‐sensed and in situ data sets. Overall, the parametric and structural updates (e.g., carbon cost for nitrogen uptake, variable soil thickness, dry surface layer) in CLM5 improve its ability in capturing terrestrial biogeochemical dynamics. The low evapotranspiration in CLM5BGC is associated with biases in simulating vegetation phenological characteristics rather than soil water limitations. The mismatch between CLM5BGC‐simulated peak leaf area index and reference data can be attributed to CLM5BGC's inability in simulating phenology of trees and grasses. The differences between CLM‐simulated irrigation and reference estimates can be attributed to differences between processes represented in models and in reality, and uncertainties in input and validation data sets. Evaluation against observations at small catchments suggest that hydrologic parameters needed to be calibrated to improve simulations of runoff, especially subsurface runoff. Additional efforts are needed to incorporate spatially distributed plant phenology and physiology parameters and regional‐specific agricultural management practices (e.g., planting and harvest).
Widening of Hydrous Shear Zones During Incipient Eclogitization of Metastable Dry and Rigid Lower Crust—Holsnøy, Western Norway
Authors: Kaatz Lisa , Zertani Sascha , Moulas Evangelos , John Timm , Labrousse Loïc , Schmalholz Stefan M. , Andersen Torgeir B.
Published: January 2021

The partially eclogitized crustal rocks on Holsnøy in the Bergen Arcs, Norway, indicate that eclogitization is caused by the interplay of brittle and ductile deformation promoted by fluid infiltration and fluid‐rock interaction. Eclogitization generated an interconnected network of millimeter‐to‐kilometer‐wide hydrous eclogite‐facies shear zones, which presumably caused transient weakening of the mechanically strong lower crust. To decipher the development of those networks, we combine detailed lithological and structural mapping of two key outcrops with numerical modeling. Both outcrops are largely composed of preserved granulite with minor eclogite‐facies shear zones, thus representing the beginning phases of eclogitization and ductile deformation. We suggest that deformation promoted fluid‐rock interaction and eclogitization, which gradually consumed the granulite until fluid‐induced reactions were no longer significant. The shear zones widen during progressive deformation. To identify the key parameters that impact shear zone widening, we generated scale‐independent numerical models, which focus on different processes affecting the shear zone evolution: (i) rotation of the shear zones caused by finite deformation, (ii) mechanical weakening due to a limited amount of available fluid, and (iii) weakening and further hydration of the shear zones as a result of continuous and unlimited fluid supply. A continuous diffusion‐type fluid infiltration, with an effective diffusion coefficient around , coupled with deformation is prone to develop structures similar to the ones mapped in field. Our results suggest that the shear zones formed under a continuous fluid supply, causing shear zone widening, rather than localization, during progressive deformation.
A New Era of Debris Flow Experiments in the Oregon Woods
Authors: Obryk Maciej , George David , Mirus Ben
Published: January 2021

What do a backhoe, expanding foam, half-ton concrete blocks, and a 100-meter-long hillslope slide have in common? All were part of reviving the U.S. Geological Survey’s experimental debris flow flume.
Effects of tilt on cerebral hemodynamics measured by NeoDoppler in healthy neonates
Authors: Jarmund Anders Hagen , Ødegård Siv Steinsmo , Torp Hans , Nyrnes Siri Ann
Published: January 2021

Background

Today, there are conflicting descriptions of how neonates respond to tilt. Examining physiologic responses of cerebral blood flow velocities (BFVs) in challenging situations like a tilt requires equipment that can cope with positional changes. We aimed to characterize how healthy term neonates respond to mild cerebral hemodynamic stress induced by a 90° tilt test using the recently developed NeoDoppler ultrasound system.

Methods

A small ultrasound probe was fixated to the neonatal fontanel by a cap, and measured cerebral BFV in healthy neonates during and after a 90° head-up tilt test, five min in total, at their first and second day of life. Unsupervised k-means cluster analysis was used to characterize common responses.

Results

Fifty-six ultrasound recordings from 36 healthy term neonates were analyzed. We identified five distinct, immediate responses that were related to specific outcomes in BFV, heart rate, and pulsatility index the next two min. Among 20 neonates with two recordings, 13 presented with different responses in the two tests.

Conclusions

Instant changes in cerebral BFV were detected during the head-up tilt tests, and the cluster analysis identified five different hemodynamic responses. Continuous recordings revealed that the differences between groups persisted two min after tilt.

Impact

NeoDoppler is a pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound system with a probe fixated to the neonatal fontanel by a cap that can measure continuous cerebral blood flow velocity.

Healthy neonates present with a range of normal immediate cerebral hemodynamic responses to a 90° head-up tilt, categorized in five groups by cluster analysis.

This paper adds new knowledge about connection between immediate responses and prolonged responses to tilt.

We demonstrate that the NeoDoppler ultrasound system can detect minute changes in cerebral blood flow velocity during a 90° head-up tilt.
Endophilin A2 deficiency protects rodents from autoimmune arthritis by modulating T cell activation
Authors: Norin Ulrika , Rintisch Carola , Meng Liesu , Forster Florian , Ekman Diana , Tuncel Jonatan , Klocke Katrin , Bäcklund Johan , Yang Min , Bonner Michael Y. , Lahore Gonzalo Fernandez , James Jaime , Shchetynsky Klementy , Bergquist Maria , Gjertsson Inger , Hubner Norbert , Bäckdahl Liselotte , Holmdahl Rikard
Published: January 2021

The introduction of the CTLA-4 recombinant fusion protein has demonstrated therapeutic effects by selectively modulating T-cell activation in rheumatoid arthritis. Here we show, using a forward genetic approach, that a mutation in the SH3gl1 gene encoding the endocytic protein Endophilin A2 is associated with the development of arthritis in rodents. Defective expression of SH3gl1 affects T cell effector functions and alters the activation threshold of autoreactive T cells, thereby leading to complete protection from chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease in both mice and rats. We further show that SH3GL1 regulates human T cell signaling and T cell receptor internalization, and its expression is upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Collectively our data identify SH3GL1 as a key regulator of T cell activation, and as a potential target for treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Plasmonic nanoparticle amyloid corona for screening Aβ oligomeric aggregate-degrading drugs
Authors: Lee Dongtak , Park Dongsung , Kim Insu , Lee Sang Won , Lee Wonseok , Hwang Kyo Seon , Lee Jeong Hoon , Lee Gyudo , Yoon Dae Sung
Published: January 2021

The generation of toxic amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers is a central feature of the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Drug discoveries for Aβ oligomer degradation have been hampered by the difficulty of Aβ oligomer purification and a lack of screening tools. Here, we report a plasmonic nanoparticle amyloid corona (PNAC) for quantifying the efficacy of Aβ oligomeric aggregate-degrading drugs. Our strategy is to monitor the drug-induced degradation of oligomeric aggregates by analyzing the colorimetric responses of PNACs. To test our strategy, we use Aβ-degrading proteases (protease XIV and MMP-9) and subsequently various small-molecule substances that have shown benefits in the treatment of AD. We demonstrate that this strategy with PNAC can identify effective drugs for eliminating oligomeric aggregates. Thus, this approach presents an appealing opportunity to reduce attrition problems in drug discovery for AD treatment.
A circadian clock regulates efflux by the blood-brain barrier in mice and human cells
Authors: Zhang Shirley L. , Lahens Nicholas F. , Yue Zhifeng , Arnold Denice M. , Pakstis Peter P. , Schwarz Jessica E. , Sehgal Amita
Published: January 2021

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical for neural function. We report here circadian regulation of the BBB in mammals. Efflux of xenobiotics by the BBB oscillates in mice, with highest levels during the active phase and lowest during the resting phase. This oscillation is abrogated in circadian clock mutants. To elucidate mechanisms of circadian regulation, we profiled the transcriptome of brain endothelial cells; interestingly, we detected limited circadian regulation of transcription, with no evident oscillations in efflux transporters. We recapitulated the cycling of xenobiotic efflux using a human microvascular endothelial cell line to find that the molecular clock drives cycling of intracellular magnesium through transcriptional regulation of TRPM7, which appears to contribute to the rhythm in efflux. Our findings suggest that considering circadian regulation may be important when therapeutically targeting efflux transporter substrates to the CNS.
NiH-catalyzed asymmetric hydroarylation of N-acyl enamines to chiral benzylamines
Authors: He Yuli , Song Huayue , Chen Jian , Zhu Shaolin
Published: January 2021

Enantiomerically pure chiral amines and related amide derivatives are privilege motifs in many pharmacologically active molecules. In comparison to the well-established hydroamination, the transition metal-catalysed asymmetric hydrofunctionalization of enamines provides a complementary approach for their construction. Here we report a NiH-catalysed enantio- and regioselective reductive hydroarylation of N-acyl enamines, allowing for the practical access to a broad range of structurally diverse, enantioenriched benzylamines under mild, operationally simple reaction conditions.
Interactions of plasma-activated water with biofilms: inactivation, dispersal effects and mechanisms of action
Authors: Mai-Prochnow Anne , Zhou Renwu , Zhang Tianqi , Ostrikov Kostya , Mugunthan Sudarsan , Rice Scott A. , Cullen Patrick J.
Published: January 2021

Biofilms have several characteristics that ensure their survival in a range of adverse environmental conditions, including high cell numbers, close cell proximity to allow easy genetic exchange (e.g., for resistance genes), cell communication and protection through the production of an exopolysaccharide matrix. Together, these characteristics make it difficult to kill undesirable biofilms, despite the many studies aimed at improving the removal of biofilms. An elimination method that is safe, easy to deliver in physically complex environments and not prone to microbial resistance is highly desired. Cold atmospheric plasma, a lightning-like state generated from air or other gases with a high voltage can be used to make plasma-activated water (PAW) that contains many active species and radicals that have antimicrobial activity. Recent studies have shown the potential for PAW to be used for biofilm elimination without causing the bacteria to develop significant resistance. However, the precise mode of action is still the subject of debate. This review discusses the formation of PAW generated species and their impacts on biofilms. A focus is placed on the diffusion of reactive species into biofilms, the formation of gradients and the resulting interaction with the biofilm matrix and specific biofilm components. Such an understanding will provide significant benefits for tackling the ubiquitous problem of biofilm contamination in food, water and medical areas.
High-throughput systematic topological generation of low-energy carbon allotropes
Authors: Blatov Vladislav A. , Yang Changhao , Tang Dingyi , Zeng Qingfeng , Golov Andrey A. , Kabanov Artem A.
Published: January 2021

The search for new materials requires effective methods for scanning the space of atomic configurations, in which the number is infinite. Here we present an extensive application of a topological network model of solid-state transformations, which enables one to reduce this infinite number to a countable number of the regions corresponding to topologically different crystalline phases. We have used this model to successfully generate carbon allotropes starting from a very restricted set of initial structures; the generation procedure has required only three steps to scan the configuration space around the parents. As a result, we have obtained all known carbon structures within the specified set of restrictions and discovered 224 allotropes with lattice energy ranging in 0.16–1.76 eV atom−1 above diamond including a phase, which is denser and probably harder than diamond. We have shown that this phase has a quite different topological structure compared to the hard allotropes from the diamond polytypic series. We have applied the tiling approach to explore the topology of the generated phases in more detail and found that many phases possessing high hardness are built from the tiles confined by six-membered rings. We have computed the mechanical properties for the generated allotropes and found simple dependences between their density, bulk, and shear moduli.
Low-temperature dielectric anomaly arising from electronic phase separation at the Mott insulator-metal transition
Authors: Pustogow A. , Rösslhuber R. , Tan Y. , Uykur E. , Böhme A. , Wenzel M. , Saito Y. , Löhle A. , Hübner R. , Kawamoto A. , Schlueter J. A. , Dobrosavljević V. , Dressel M.
Published: January 2021

Coulomb repulsion among conduction electrons in solids hinders their motion and leads to a rise in resistivity. A regime of electronic phase separation is expected at the first-order phase transition between a correlated metal and a paramagnetic Mott insulator, but remains unexplored experimentally as well as theoretically nearby T = 0. We approach this issue by assessing the complex permittivity via dielectric spectroscopy, which provides vivid mapping of the Mott transition and deep insight into its microscopic nature. Our experiments utilizing both physical pressure and chemical substitution consistently reveal a strong enhancement of the quasi-static dielectric constant ε1 when correlations are tuned through the critical value. All experimental trends are captured by dynamical mean-field theory of the single-band Hubbard model supplemented by percolation theory. Our findings suggest a similar ’dielectric catastrophe’ in many other correlated materials and explain previous observations that were assigned to multiferroicity or ferroelectricity.
Molecular dynamics simulations and experimental studies reveal differential permeability of withaferin-A and withanone across the model cell membrane
Authors: Wadhwa Renu , Yadav Neetu Singh , Katiyar Shashank P. , Yaguchi Tomoko , Lee Chohee , Ahn Hyomin , Yun Chae-Ok , Kaul Sunil C. , Sundar Durai
Published: January 2021

Poor bioavailability due to the inability to cross the cell membrane is one of the major reasons for the failure of a drug in clinical trials. We have used molecular dynamics simulations to predict the membrane permeability of natural drugs—withanolides (withaferin-A and withanone) that have similar structures but remarkably differ in their cytotoxicity. We found that whereas withaferin-A, could proficiently transverse through the model membrane, withanone showed weak permeability. The free energy profiles for the interaction of withanolides with the model bilayer membrane revealed that whereas the polar head group of the membrane caused high resistance for the passage of withanone, the interior of the membrane behaves similarly for both withanolides. The solvation analysis further revealed that the high solvation of terminal O5 oxygen of withaferin-A was the major driving force for its high permeability; it interacted with the phosphate group of the membrane that led to its smooth passage across the bilayer. The computational predictions were tested by raising and recruiting unique antibodies that react to withaferin-A and withanone. The time-lapsed analyses of control and treated cells demonstrated higher permeation of withaferin-A as compared to withanone. The concurrence between the computation and experimental results thus re-emphasised the use of computational methods for predicting permeability and hence bioavailability of natural drug compounds in the drug development process.
Placental and maternal sFlt1/PlGF expression in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nuzzo Anna Maria , Giuffrida Domenica , Moretti Laura , Re Paola , Grassi Giorgio , Menato Guido , Rolfo Alessandro
Published: January 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE) are both characterized by endothelial dysfunction and GDM women have higher incidence of PE. The placenta plays a key role in PE pathogenesis but its contribution to PE during GDM remains unclear. Herein, we compared placental and maternal blood anti-angiogenic soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt1) and pro-angiogenic Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) expressions in GDM and GDM-PE pregnancies compared to controls (CTRL) and PE cases. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassays showed a significantly higher maternal blood sFlt1/PlGF values in GDM-PE relative to CTRL and GDM pregnancies. We reported that placental PlGF gene expression was significantly decreased in GDM, PE and GDM-PE relative to CTRL. However, PlGF protein levels were significantly increased in GDM and GDM-PE relative to CTRL and PE placentae. Finally, sFlt1 gene expression was significantly increased in PE relative to CTRL, GDM and GDM-PE placentae. In contrast, sFlt1 protein expression was significantly decreased in GDM-PE relative to CTRL, GDM and PE placentae. Finally, higher sFlt1/PlGF ratio in GDM-PE maternal blood suggest that sFlt1 overproduction is related to PE onset also in GDM pregnancies even though characterized by a less severe endothelial dysfunction in terms of angiogenic biomarkers.
The resting coronal and sagittal stance position of the torso in adolescents with and without spinal deformity
Authors: Gardner Adrian , Archer James , Berryman Fiona , Pynsent Paul
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this work is to identify the resting stance of the torso, defined as the position of the C7 vertebral body relative to the sacrum in a ‘birds eye view’, as the coronal and sagittal offset, in those without spinal deformity, those with pre and post-operative AIS, and those with Scheuermann's kyphosis (SK). Using ISIS2 surface topography, the coronal and sagittal offset were measured in a prospective manner in all groups. With bivariate ellipses, a mean and 95% confidence ellipse of the data was developed. Statistical analyses was performed to examine the distribution of the data from the groups. A graphical representation of the data was developed. There were 829 without spinal deformity, 289 in both the pre and post-operative with AIS and 59 with SK. The results showed that the mean coronal offset for all groups was between 2 and 6 mm and the sagittal offset was 12 and 26 mm. Statistically significance was seen for both measures between the non-scoliotic and both AIS groups, along with the pre-operative AIS coronal offset and post-operative AIS sagittal offset and the SK measures. However, all mean values were within the 95% confidence ellipse for all of the groups. Regardless of the size or type of spinal deformity, the position of the C7 vertebral body and sacrum remain within the 95% confidence ellipse of that seen in those without spinal deformity. This work defines the Minimally Clinically Important Difference for all of the groups.
Gene co-expression network analysis reveals immune cell infiltration as a favorable prognostic marker in non-uterine leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Darzi Mohammad , Gorgin Saeid , Majidzadeh-A Keivan , Esmaeili Rezvan
Published: January 2021

The present study aimed to improve the understanding of non-uterine leiomyosarcoma (NULMS) prognostic genes through system biology approaches. This cancer is heterogeneous and rare. Moreover, gene interaction networks have not been reported in NULMS yet. The datasets were obtained from the public gene expression databases. Seven co-expression modules were identified from 5000 most connected genes; using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Using Cox regression, the modules showed favorable (HR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4–0.89, P = 0.0125), (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.44–0.98, P = 0.04) and poor (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.06–2.27, P = 0.025) prognosis to the overall survival (OS) (time = 3740 days). The first one was significant in multivariate HR estimates (HR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.28–0.69, P = 0.0004). Enriched genes through the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) revealed significant immune-related pathways; suggesting immune cell infiltration as a favorable prognostic factor. The most significant protective genes were ICAM3, NCR3, KLRB1, and IL18RAP, which were in one of the significant modules. Moreover, genes related to angiogenesis, cell–cell adhesion, protein glycosylation, and protein transport such as PYCR1, SRM, and MDFI negatively affected the OS and were found in the other related module. In conclusion, our analysis suggests that NULMS might be a good candidate for immunotherapy. Moreover, the genes found in this study might be potential candidates for targeted therapy.
Nitric oxide regulates perylenequinones biosynthesis in Shiraia bambusicola S4201 induced by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Zhao Ning , Yu Yingying , Yue Yunxia , Dou Mingzhu , Guo Bingjing , Yan Shuzhen , Chen Shuanglin
Published: January 2021

Shiraia bambusicola has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for a long history. Its major medicinal active metabolites are perylenequinones, including hypocrellin A, elsinochrome A and so on. At present, the fermentation yield of perylenequinones is low, and its complex biosynthesis and regulatory pathways are still unclear. In this study, nitric oxide, as a downstream signal molecule of hydrogen peroxide, regulates the biosynthesis of perylenequinones. Exogenous addition of 0.01 mM sodium nitroprusside (nitric oxide donor) can promote perylenequinones production by 156% compared with the control. Further research found that hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide increased the transcriptional level of the biosynthetic genes of hypocrellin A. The results showed that nitric oxide is involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of perylenequinones in Shiraia bambusicola as a signal molecule. In the future, the yield of perylenequinones can be increased by adding exogenous nitric oxide in fermentation.
Serum iron: a new predictor of adverse outcomes independently from serum hemoglobin levels in patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Ueda Tomoya , Kawakami Rika , Nogi Kazutaka , Nogi Maki , Ishihara Satomi , Nakada Yasuki , Nakano Tomoya , Hashimoto Yukihiro , Nakagawa Hitoshi , Nishida Taku , Onoue Kenji , Soeda Tsunenari , Okayama Satoshi , Watanabe Makoto , Saito Yoshihiko
Published: January 2021

Iron is an essential trace element in the body. However, in heart failure (HF), iron is only recognized as the cause of anemia. Actually, iron itself affects myocardial exercise tolerance and cardiac function via mitochondrial function. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the pathological significance of iron in acute HF, irrespective of concomitant anemia. We investigated the impact of serum iron level at discharge on the prognosis of 615 patients emergently admitted with acute decompensated HF (ADHF). Patients were divided into two groups according to the median level of serum iron (62 µg/dL). The endpoint was the composite outcome, which included all-cause mortality and readmission for HF. During the mean follow-up period of 32.1 months, there were 333 events. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the incidence of the composite outcome was significantly higher in the Low iron group (P < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis adjusted with factors including hemoglobin and ferritin levels, low serum iron was an independent predictor for the composite outcome (hazard ratio, 1.500; 95% confidence interval, 1.128–1.976; P = 0.0044). Low serum iron was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in ADHF, irrespective of hemoglobin or ferritin level, providing a new concept that iron may play a role in the pathophysiology of ADHF via non-hematopoietic roles.
Thermal-stress analysis of a damaged solid sphere using hyperbolic two-temperature generalized thermoelasticity theory
Authors: Youssef Hamdy M. , El-Bary Alaa A. , Al-Lehaibi Eman A. N.
Published: January 2021

This work aims to study the influence of the rotation on a thermoelastic solid sphere in the context of the hyperbolic two-temperature generalized thermoelasticity theory based on the mechanical damage consideration. Therefore, a mathematical model of thermoelastic, homogenous, and isotropic solid sphere with a rotation based on the mechanical damage definition has been constructed. The governing equations have been written in the context of hyperbolic two-temperature generalized thermoelasticity theory. The bounding surface of the sphere is thermally shocked and without volumetric deformation. The singularities of the studied functions at the center of the sphere have been deleted using L’Hopital’s rule. The numerical results have been represented graphically with various mechanical damage values, two-temperature parameters, and rotation parameter values. The two-temperature parameter has significant effects on all the studied functions. Damage and rotation have a major impact on deformation, displacement, stress, and stress–strain energy, while their effects on conductive and dynamical temperature rise are minimal. The thermal and mechanical waves propagate with finite speeds on the thermoelastic body in the hyperbolic two-temperature theory and the one-temperature theory (Lord-Shulman model).
Connective tissue growth factor promotes chemotaxis of preosteoblasts through integrin α5 and Ras during tensile force-induced intramembranous osteogenesis
Authors: Jiang Wei , Takeshita Nobuo , Maeda Toshihiro , Sogi Chisumi , Oyanagi Toshihito , Kimura Seiji , Yoshida Michiko , Sasaki Kiyo , Ito Arata , Takano-Yamamoto Teruko
Published: January 2021

In vertebrates, new bone formation via intramembranous osteogenesis is a critical biological event for development, remodeling, and fracture healing of bones. Chemotaxis of osteoblast lineage cells is an essential cellular process in new bone formation. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is known to exert chemotactic properties on various cells; however, details of CTGF function in the chemotaxis of osteoblast lineage cells and underlying molecular biological mechanisms have not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemotactic properties of CTGF and its underlying mechanisms during active bone formation through intramembranous osteogenesis. In our mouse tensile force-induced bone formation model, preosteoblasts were aggregated at the osteogenic front of calvarial bones. CTGF was expressed at the osteogenic front, and functional inhibition of CTGF using a neutralizing antibody suppressed the aggregation of preosteoblasts. In vitro experiments using μ-slide chemotaxis chambers showed that a gradient of CTGF induced chemotaxis of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, while a neutralizing integrin α5 antibody and a Ras inhibitor inhibited the CTGF-induced chemotaxis of MC3T3-E1 cells. These findings suggest that the CTGF-integrin α5-Ras axis is an essential molecular mechanism to promote chemotaxis of preosteoblasts during new bone formation through intramembranous osteogenesis.
Optogenetic therapy: high spatiotemporal resolution and pattern discrimination compatible with vision restoration in non-human primates
Authors: Gauvain Gregory , Akolkar Himanshu , Chaffiol Antoine , Arcizet Fabrice , Khoei Mina A. , Desrosiers Mélissa , Jaillard Céline , Caplette Romain , Marre Olivier , Bertin Stéphane , Fovet Claire-Maelle , Demilly Joanna , Forster Valérie , Brazhnikova Elena , Hantraye Philippe , Pouget Pierre , Douar Anne , Pruneau Didier , Chavas Joël , Sahel José-Alain , Dalkara Deniz , Duebel Jens , Benosman Ryad , Picaud Serge
Published: January 2021

Vision restoration is an ideal medical application for optogenetics, because the eye provides direct optical access to the retina for stimulation. Optogenetic therapy could be used for diseases involving photoreceptor degeneration, such as retinitis pigmentosa or age-related macular degeneration. We describe here the selection, in non-human primates, of a specific optogenetic construct currently tested in a clinical trial. We used the microbial opsin ChrimsonR, and showed that the AAV2.7m8 vector had a higher transfection efficiency than AAV2 in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and that ChrimsonR fused to tdTomato (ChR-tdT) was expressed more efficiently than ChrimsonR. Light at 600 nm activated RGCs transfected with AAV2.7m8 ChR-tdT, from an irradiance of 1015 photons.cm−2.s−1. Vector doses of 5 × 1010 and 5 × 1011 vg/eye transfected up to 7000 RGCs/mm2 in the perifovea, with no significant immune reaction. We recorded RGC responses from a stimulus duration of 1 ms upwards. When using the recorded activity to decode stimulus information, we obtained an estimated visual acuity of 20/249, above the level of legal blindness (20/400). These results lay the groundwork for the ongoing clinical trial with the AAV2.7m8 - ChR-tdT vector for vision restoration in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.
Thermochromism and piezochromism of an atomically precise high-nuclearity silver sulfide nanocluster
Authors: Sun Qiao-Qiao , Li Qian , Li Hai-Yang , Zhang Miao-Miao , Sun Meng-En , Li Si , Quan Zewei , Zang Shuang-Quan
Published: January 2021

A novel high-nuclearity silver chalcogenolate nanocluster [Ag50S7(SPhF)36(dppp)6] have been obtained, which shows reversible color changes in response to temperature and pressure.
Engineering fluorescent semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for biological applications and beyond
Authors: Sun Junyong , Zhang Qiang , Dai Xiaomei , Ling Pinghua , Gao Feng
Published: January 2021

We summarize the recent advances in engineering approaches to obtain functionalized semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) for biological applications. The challenges and outlook of fabricating functionalized SPNs are also provided.
Asymmetric Petasis reaction for the synthesis of chiral α- and β-butadienyl amines
Authors: Xie Yi-Wen , Zhao Zhen-Ni , Lin Zi-Wei , Wang Yu-Hao , Liu Ya-Qun , Huang Yi-Yong
Published: January 2021

Chiral α- and β-butadienyl amines are both available via the asymmetric Petasis reaction of pinacol homoallenyl- and isoprenylboronates.
CO2 activation by ligand-free manganese hydrides in a parahydrogen matrix
Authors: Huang Tengfei , Yu Wenjie , Cheng Juanjuan , Cong Fei , Xu Bing , Wang Xuefeng
Published: January 2021

The reaction of MnH2 with CO2 gave insertion product HMn(η2-O2CH) by concerted hydride ion transfer.
Contrasting mechanisms for photodissociation of methyl halides adsorbed on thin films of C6H6 and C6F6
Authors: Jensen E. T.
Published: January 2021

Photodissociation of CH3X on C6F6 thin films on copper finds that dissociation by photoelectrons is entirely quenched. Different behaviour is observed for these molecules on C6H6 films, including a CT-complex pathway for CH3I on thick C6H6 films.
Microfluidic technologies for the synthesis and manipulation of biomimetic membranous nano-assemblies
Authors: Pilkington Colin P. , Seddon John M. , Elani Yuval
Published: January 2021

A mini-review of microfluidic technologies for the generation and manipulation of biomimetic nano-assemblies, including perspectives for future research directions.
Electron leakage through heterogeneous LiF on lithium–metal battery anodes
Authors: Smeu Manuel , Leung Kevin
Published: January 2021

The solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) that forms on lithium ion battery (LIB) anodes prevents degradation-causing transfer of electrons to the electrolyte.
A new 2D auxetic CN2 nanostructure with high energy density and mechanical strength
Authors: Wei Qun , Yang Ying , Gavrilov Alexander , Peng Xihong
Published: January 2021

The existence of a new two dimensional CN2 structure was predicted using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and density-functional theory calculations.
Optimizing the heterogeneous network structure to achieve polymer nanocomposites with excellent mechanical properties
Authors: Yue Tongkui , Li Sai , Zhang Zhiyu , Chen Yulong , Zhang Liqun , Liu Jun
Published: January 2021

A special heterogeneous network structure was fabricated, and then nanoparticles (NPs) were selectively distributed in different regions. Results shown that the NPs distribution and network topology have a significant effect on mechanical properties.
Beyond hydrogen bonding: recent trends of outer sphere interactions in transition metal catalysis
Authors: Trouvé Jonathan , Gramage-Doria Rafael
Published: January 2021

The implementation of interactions beyond hydrogen bonding in the 2ndcoordination sphere of transition metal catalysts is rare. However, it has already shown great promise in last 5 years, providing new tools to control the activity and selectivity as here reviewed.
An environmentally friendly wound dressing based on a self-healing, extensible and compressible antibacterial hydrogel
Authors: Tavakolizadeh Maryam , Pourjavadi Ali , Ansari Maryam , Tebyanian Hamid , Seyyed Tabaei Seyyed Javad , Atarod Monireh , Rabiee Navid , Bagherzadeh Mojtaba , Varma Rajender S.
Published: January 2021

A self-healing wound dressing hydrogel is prepared through Schiff-base cross-linking between oxidized salep (OSa) and ethylene diamine-modified salep (SaHEA) as first network and physical cross-linking of PVA via freezing-thawing as the second network.
Natural polyphenol fluorescent polymer dots
Authors: Yang Peng , Zhou Xin , Zhang Jianhua , Zhong Jian , Zhu Fang , Liu Xianhu , Gu Zhipeng , Li Yiwen
Published: January 2021

Herein, we reported the general and modular preparation of natural polyphenols-based fluorescent PDs through the one-pot co-polymerization reaction under a mild condition without external energy input and sophisticated organic synthesis.
Efficient visible-light-driven Suzuki coupling reaction over Co-doped BiOCl/Ce-doped Bi2O2CO3 composites
Authors: Zhao Dan-Xia , Lu Guo-Ping , Cai Chun
Published: January 2021

The proposed mechanism of the photocatalytic Suzuki cross-coupling of bromobenzene and phenylboronic acid under visible-light irradiation.
An anionic and cationic surfactant-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles as the active electrode material for supercapacitors
Authors: Samal R. R. , Samantara Aneeya K. , Mahalik S. , Behera J. N. , Dash B. , Sanjay K.
Published: January 2021

Schematic representation of surfactant action for synthesis of cobalt hydroxide and oxide.
Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under UV and visible light by brookite–rutile bi-crystalline phase of TiO2
Authors: Kim Min Gu , Lee Ji Eun , Kim Kang Seok , Kang Jeong Min , Lee Jeong Hoon , Kim Kwang Ho , Cho Min , Lee Seung Geol
Published: January 2021

Brookite–rutile bi-crystalline phase of TiO2 were synthesized and applied for the degradation of methylene blue under UV and visible light irradiation by photocatalytic reaction.
Theoretical study on the adsorption and catalytic degradation mechanism of sulfacetamide on anatase TiO2(001) and (101) surfaces
Authors: Li Kai , Tang Jing , He Yang , Guo Jianmin , Li Laicai
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the adsorption of sulfacetamide on anatase titanium dioxide (001) and (101) was studied. The mechanism of six degradation pathways of sulfacetamide was discussed.
A fluorogenic probe for dynamic tracking of lipid droplets’ polarity during the evolution of cancer
Authors: Liu Cong , Yin Junling , Lu Bingli , Lin Weiying
Published: January 2021

Exploring the changes in the polarity of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) during the evolution of cancer is important for cancer detection and treatment.
Overcharge protection of lithium-ion batteries with phenothiazine redox shuttles
Authors: Odom Susan A.
Published: January 2021

Overcharge protection of Li-ion batteries with a variety of phenothiazine derivatives.
High electron transfer of TiO2nanorod@carbon layer supported flower-like WS2nanosheets for triiodide electrocatalytic reduction
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Tianyu , Ding Chuan , Wang Min , Bai Jirong , Zhang Jintao , Bi Hengchang , Sun Yueming , Wang Yuqiao
Published: January 2021

1D–2D multidimensional nanostructured TNRs@C@WS2has been prepared and introduced as an effective catalyst for the triiodide reduction reaction.
A highly tunable quadruple quantum dot in a narrow bandgap semiconductor InAs nanowire
Authors: Mu Jingwei , Huang Shaoyun , Liu Zhi-Hai , Li Weijie , Wang Ji-Yin , Pan Dong , Huang Guang-Yao , Chen Yuanjie , Zhao Jianhua , Xu H. Q.
Published: January 2021

A quadruple quantum dot is realized in a semiconductor InAs nanowire via a fine finger gate technique and the charge states of the device at various resonant conditions are studied through two-dimensional charge stability diagram measurements.
Unravelling nitrene chemistry from acyclic precursors: recent advances and challenges
Authors: Wang Yu-Chao , Lai Xiao-Jing , Huang Keke , Yadav Sarita , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Zhang Lianpeng , Zhou Hongwei
Published: January 2021

Recent advances in nitrene chemistry from acyclic precursors are reviewed in this paper.
Phosphorescent metal complexes as theranostic anticancer agents: combining imaging and therapy in a single molecule
Authors: Tan Cai-Ping , Zhong Yan-Mei , Ji Liang-Nian , Mao Zong-Wan
Published: January 2021

The recent development in phosphorescent iridium, ruthenium and rhenium complexes as theranostic anticancer agents is summarized.
A high-throughput computational screening of potential adsorbents for a thermal compression CO2 Brayton cycle
Authors: Du Zhenyu , Deng Shuai , Zhao Li , Ma Zhiwei , Bao Huashan , Zhao Jie
Published: January 2021

The efficient utilization of thermal energy through MOF-based thermal compression CO2 Brayton cycle.
A novel metal–organic framework derived carbon nanoflower with effective electromagnetic microwave absorption and high-performance electrochemical energy storage properties
Authors: Zhu Liwei , Liu Ning , Lv Xincheng , Zhang Ziqiu , Yu Liangmin , Li Xia
Published: January 2021

A novel carbon nanomaterial with unique morphology was prepared and proven to be an effective material for EMWA and electrochemical energy storage.
Structural influence on stimuli-responsive halogen-bonded luminescent supramolecular polymers from heteroditopic isomers
Authors: Jamadar Akshoy , Karan Chandan Kumar , Biswas Subhendu , Das Anindita
Published: January 2021

Halogen-bonded (XB) supramolecular polymers from two heteroditopic, emissive hydroxyquinoline-based structural isomers displayed distinctly different crystal packing & stimuli-responsive morphologies, due to the varying XB directionality & strength.
Aggregated manganese complex-nanolayered manganese oxide: a new hybrid molecular-inorganic material
Authors: Salmanion Mahya , Aleshkevych Pavlo , Jagličić Zvonko , Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi
Published: January 2021

The aggregation of a manganese complex with a 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine ligand and layered Mn oxide toward a new layered hybrid material.
Analysis of The Characteristics And Potential of The Park's Energy Consumption Based On Typical Energy Usage Scenarios
Authors: Zhou Baozhong , Liu Dunnan , Wu Sihan , Xu Erfeng , Hua Jingwen
Published: January 2021

This paper analyzes the main energy use scenarios of typical parks and studies the energy use characteristics of industrial parks, commercial complexes, and transportation hubs. By superimposing the energy consumption period and characteristics of large, medium and small users in the park, the overall energy consumption characteristics of the park and the typical load characteristics in summer and winter are studied, which helps to improve energy consumption behavior and increase energy ratio. In addition, in view of the superimposed energy consumption characteristics of the park, the article proposes two energy-saving methods to help the park use the peak-valley effect to reduce energy consumption.
Research on Optimization Planning Method of Distribution Network based on Spatial Load Forecast
Authors: Zeyuan Shen , Ai Wang , Jianbin Wu , Haibo Zhao , Liang Tian , Qi Li , Jue Qiu , Xiaojun Song , Shenglong Zhi
Published: January 2021

Power grid planning is an important part in the development of power grid. With the rapid development of urban construction and electricity demand in recent years, electric power construction is faced with more kinds of pressure, such as land resources/environmental protection. In this paper, the difficulty of power grid planning is increasing rapidly. How to build a distribution network that the load and the urban construction can develop concordantly has become a key issue to be solved in the future. The traditional methods of distribution network planning focus on the grasp of the overall, whereas lack adequate consideration of the spatial distribution of load and planning of urban development. Thus, this paper proposes a method based on spatial load forecasting of urban distribution network planning g, and fully considers the load distribution of the space characteristics and urban construction. This method can make up for the defects of traditional methods effectively, thus has certain value and reference significance.
Experimental study on flame propagation over overload-wire under varying inclination Angle
Authors: Wen Hu , Zhao Xiangtao , Tian Qing , Wang Weifeng , Jian He
Published: January 2021

To better understand the process of fire caused by conducting wire, based on the study of overload of the low-voltage wire, the theoretical analysis of flame spread mechanism of overload-wire was proposed, and the functional relationship between flame shape characteristics and flame spread speed, current, and inclination angle was studied. The results show that: (1) the theoretical model of flame propagation can well reflect the changes of thermodynamic parameters in the process of flame propagation, and it is in better agreement with the experimental results. (2) When the current value is constant, with the increase of the inclination angle of the wire (0°-90°), the flame is elongated along the wire direction, the width of the flame base increases, and the angle between the flame front and the wire decreases. When the inclination angle is fixed, with the increase of the inclination angle of the conductor, the flame shape becomes more "high and wide" and the flame height increases at the same time. (3) When the current is constant, the flame spread rate increases with the increase of wire inclination angle; when the inclination angle is constant, the flame spread rate decreases sharply with the increase of current.
Design and implementation of simulation test platform for battery energy storage station monitoring system
Authors: Lixiang Ruan , Yun Zhang , Yifei Shen , Liyong Feng , Huafeng Luo , Feng Ding
Published: January 2021

The test of battery energy storage station has the characteristics of low degree of automation, complicated testing process, and many cooperation links. Especially for the battery energy storage station monitoring, there are currently no corresponding test tools and test methods. Based on the business function and energy storage equipment simulation modularization, test configuration and test case configuration ideas, this paper designs a set of battery energy storage station simulation test system. It realizes the functions of configurable equipment model of energy storage power station, selectable communication protocol, settable test scenarios, scripted execution of test process, automatic generation of test results, etc., and can provide specialization tool for the testing of the grid-side battery energy storage station monitoring system, effectively improve the testing efficiency. The field test results show that the test system is accurate and effective.