bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Software Project Management Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , Omer Uzma , Tahseen Rabia
Published: January 2024

Software project management (SPM) is a significant field, related to the discipline of software engineering, which has attracted a huge number of researchers and practitioners in recent years. The role of software project management education (SPME) is essential to instill appropriate competencies in SPM students so that they could be able to deliver effectively in the software industry as SPM professionals. As the demand of SPM professionals is continuously increasing, the responsibilities of academia have also been increased to ensure and provide the solid basis and quality education to SPM. In this context, a number of methods and tools have been deliberated to examine SPME from various dimensions. The usefulness of these methods and tools need to be synthesized and evaluated to investigate the areas that could be used to improve the various aspects of SPME. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the techniques that have been applied to teach SPME and identify the future directions that could lead to make improvements in SPME. This article presents a review of eighty-nine research papers of SPME that have been classified and synthesized according to different aspects of SPME. These aspects include type and approach of conducted research, empirical type, SPM knowledge areas, and curricula. The principal findings emerged after analyzing the results of reviewing the SPME research have been discussed in detail. Lastly, a list of advice to SPM instructors, based on the prominent and effective practices of SPME, has also been presented in this study.
Exploiting Requirement Validation Techniques for Assessing the Software’s Quality in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Saqib , Yousaf Muhammad Sohaib , Mehmood Sara , Riaz Shazia , Rehan Akmal
Published: January 2024

There are five significant steps in software requirements engineering and the requirement validation (RV) step is one of them. Requirements validation ensures the reliability, stability, and consistency of the software. The persons involved in performing the requirements validation are stakeholders and external reviewers. The requirements validation techniques (RVTs) not only help in finding the errors but also help in guaranteeing the quality of the software. As quality is important, therefore, the main focus of this paper is to determine the ways of quality improvement in software requirements. A questionnaire-based survey is used to identify the most suitable RVTs for improving the quality. The results are compiled by developing a hypothesis and the Chi-square test method. The results showed that the cost reduction quality parameter is the most satisfactory because it reduces the cost up to 44.6% by using RVTs in Pakistan and foreign countries. Another important outcome is the level of effectiveness of RVTs which is much better in foreign countries as compared to Pakistan.
Dijkstra’s Algorithm-A Case Study to Understand How Algorithms are improved
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Aasim
Published: January 2024

In Graph Theory, Dijkstra’s Algorithm is one of the most well-known algorithms to calculate the Shortest Path. Many researchers have used its basic algorithm and attempted to improve its time complexity. This research is targeting the most famous works of such researchers. Few commonly known simple data structures like an array, link list, priority queues, and few advanced level data structures like binomial, Fibonacci are revisited and surveyed. The main target of this research/study is the evolutionary improvements in the time complexity of these algorithms. These improvements make it a suitable candidate to see how algorithms can run efficiently and the contributions of different researchers.
Blockchain based Online Examination Assessment models for Educational Institutes: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , Tehseen Rabia , Omer Uzma
Published: January 2024

Educational institutes use different evaluation techniques to assess the learning process of students. This process of assessment in educational institutes is a sensitive issue and traditional evaluation methods often face certain difficulties like cheating, favoritism, political influence etc. Blockchain provides a very important feature of immutability and traceability and helps to manage various issue of online assessments. Once scores have been finalized, they cannot be changed. Every authorized node in the network will have knowledge of evaluation, hence any discrimination would become public. Different researchers have presented assessment models that use blockchain as core technology. To the best of our knowledge, no SLR has been presented till date to discuss educational assessment models using blockchain. This article briefly investigates those models, their working, limitations and performs quality assessment using a scoring criteria. This paper also highlights the research gaps that exist in this domain. Finally, an assessment model has been proposed in this article, to contribute in the domain of online examinational evaluation using blockchain that would help overcoming the limitations that arise in currently existing models.
Context-Free Grammar of a New Programming Language for Teaching and Learning
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Aasim , Asif Muhammad , Feroz Faria
Published: January 2024

Learning how to be programmer and uralitize the programming languages are the crucial point in computer science education. Programming languages are used by the students to write the program. Any machine needs a program to behave artificially intelligent or to perform any specific task. Any computing device is a useless without these programs. As every program is written in some specific programming language. Researchers are putting efforts in devising new languages to meets the goals and requirements of the specific domain of the programs that is going to be written in that language. Every programming language has its own semantics, nuances, and syntax with its pros and cons. For the early stage programmers these language specific details including semantics and syntax are hard to memorize or to familiar with it. Teachers often witness that these language specific barriers e.g., tough and confusing syntax of the language give hard time to students. Students generally stuck in learning the syntax and unconsciously learning programming skills go in back ground. This paper is going to present a Context-Free Grammar of a new programming language for early stage programing learners. In this language the hard part of syntax is relaxed by bring it to something that is close to their day to day communication so that they concentrate on logic and not on syntax.
Data privacy issue in Federated Learning Resolution using Block Chain
Authors: Rasheed Mansoor Ahmad , Uddin Shahan , Abdullah Tanweer Hafiz , Ahmad Rasheed Mannan , Ahmed Mishaal , Murtaza Hudabia
Published: January 2024

Reliable and timely traffic patterns have become an increasingly critical aspect of intelligent transport networks for traffic control. However, current predictive models of traffic flow focused on centralized machine learning need to capture raw data for model education that entails significant privacy risks. Federated learning (FL) that exchanges model changes without raw data sharing have recently been launched as an innovative way to resolve these concerns to the security of personal data. The current federal learning system is based on a central coordinator model dealing with serious security problems, including a single failure point. The Literature review is presented in this study will focus on the integration of blockchain in federated learning. Federated learning (FL) based on blockchain is thus suggested in the paper to support decentralized, efficient, and stable federated learning. The model includes three primary components; customers, blockchain technology, and machine learning engineers. In addition, different methods are communicated to protect model privacy on the blockchain further, and the advantages of the new learning system federated built on the blockchain are discussed.
A Survey on Fog Computing in IoT
Authors: Rasheed Mansoor Ahmad , Saleem Jabar , Murtaza Hudabia , Tanweer Hafiz Abdullah , Rasheed Mannan Ahmad , Ahmed Mishaal
Published: January 2024

Technological advancements in computing and wireless handheld devices have increased tremendously the rate of connected devices to the internet.  To solve problems of our daily life are being controlled by these devices that created a new approach called as Internet of things. Cloud computing is a promising solution to store data and perform computations for IoT. But it has many issues like latency, traffic congestion, and poor quality of services. Health-related IoT applications are intolerant to delay or poor quality of service. To tackle these issues a new model of computing known as fog computing came into existence. Fog computing helps for effective communication and processing of the massive data that tackles issues caused by cloud computing in a significant way. This study discusses different types of fog computing architectures, some of the issues related to security and privacy along with their possible solutions. In this survey, some practical applications of fog computing in IoT are discussed which can ease our daily problems.
Use of big data governance in several corporate sectors
Authors: Rasheed Mansoor Ahmad , Ahmad Hafiz Zeeshan , Tanweer Hafiz Abdullah , Murtaza Hudabia , Rasheed Mannan Ahmad , Ahmed Mishaal
Published: January 2024

Big data is rapidly in use by different organizations. It is another step towards technological advancement wsith tremendous benefits to almost all fields. Organizations need big data to find out the needs and priorities of the customers and to make strategies. A large amount of data is called big data. Big data is complex data that is not so easy to manage for that purpose big data governance is developed. It manages big data in all possible ways. The important information required is separated through big data governance techniques. This research is based on the importance of big data governance which is provided by digging out the big data governance frameworks, tools, and techniques for carrying out the data governance. There are many challenges and opportunities related to big data governance that are also mentioned in the paper. A brief discussion on the best practices of big data governance is provided along with a case study of the national pension service of South Korea. The report ends with a detailed conclusion based on the finding of the paper with some future insight.
Deep Learning based Classification of Thyroid Cancer using Different Medical Imaging Modalities : A Systematic Review
Authors: Ilyas Maheen , Malik Hassaan , Adnan Muhammad , Bashir Umair , Bukhari Wajahat Anwaar , Khan Muhammad Imran Ali , Ahmad Adnan
Published: January 2024

Deep learning algorithms have achieved a tremendous triumph in task-specific feature classification. Deep learning methods are very much effective when a large amount of training data is scarce. It has been significantly applied for disease classification from medical imaging. The paper aims to identify and summarize the scenario of current research on thyroid cancer using deep learning methods through different medical imaging modalities which are found at present so that reseachers become capable to select a useful and the most relevant approach which might be fruitful in dealing with thyroid cancer. This may also raise a need for more work out while dealing with future challenges. This Systematic literature review (SLR) has been presented by reviewing research articles published in well-reputed venues between 2017 to 2021. A comprehensive review was performed to appraise the deep learning approaches that have been applied in classifying a thyroid nodule disorder from different medical imaging modalities. The analysis is performed based on different parameters reported in selected research studies which include classification accuracy, true-positive (TP), false-positive (FP), true-negative (TN), false-negative (FN) sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). A total of 2,149 research studies have been obtained by applying search queries in different journals’ databases, out of them 40 papers have been selected for this SLR. Among them 22 studies have contributed sufficiently to the construction of the evaluation table which enabled the test process of methods of deep learning, having sensitivity varies between 75% to 100% (mean 89.50%) and specificity ranged from 64% to 100% (mean 84.4 %). The outputs revealed that the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has produced significant accuracy and has been extensively applied in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer by medical professionals. Furthermore, it is concluded that if the thyroid cancer exposure is inappropriate then it may restrict the deep learning mechanism and make its reliability challenge able.
Systematic performance, and Security evaluation of .NET models for accessing database
Authors: Ullah Atta , Usman Muhammad , Abrar Muhammad F. , Ullah Najeeb , Shah Ibrar A. , Nadeem Muhammad F.
Published: January 2024

In .NET, Object Relational Mapping (ORM) is a programming technique used for accessing the database, which has many frameworks, like Entity Framework, LINQ to SQL, NHibernate, Tele rick Open Access, Light Speed. The LINQ to SQL and Entity Framework usability has increased. This is because of the reason that in these two frameworks full CRUD (Create, Read, Update and Delete) operations can be implemented in short time as compared to Transact Queries, which require more time. In case of multiple projects on various models; Transact Query, LINQ to SQL, and Entity Framework, it becomes difficult to decide which model is the best in terms of performance and security. Therefore, in this article, we provide a comprehensive comparison between Entity Framework, LINQ to SQL and Transact Queries in terms of performance and security. For this purpose, we implemented eleven different types of queries on the selected three frameworks. Subsequently, we quantified and evaluated the execution time and memory usage of all the queries. Furthermore, all types of SQL injection attacks have been applied on three separate applications for security evaluation. Our results show that, the Transact Query is more vulnerable to SQL injection attacks as compared to LINQ to SQL and Entity Framework. Our results show that Transact Query outperforms in terms of memory and CPU usage.  Our results also help the practitioner in adopting a framework on the basis of query level performance in terms of memory and CPU usage.
A Tutorial On Creating a Blockchain and Cryptocurrency with Consensus Protocol in Python
Authors: Khalil Iqra , Aziz Omer , Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , Abid Adnan
Published: January 2024

The concept of decentralization has gained a lot of focus when it comes to Blockchain. The Blockchain technology is a decentralized peer to peer distributed ledger. Many industries have been using Distributed Ledgers (DTL) before the blockchain technology. But the state of the art technology has overshadow the use of all DTLs due to its immutable nature. With the use of this technology new horizons of innovation has been explored. Bitcoin, the first cyrptocurrency, has used the blockchain technology which has received extensive attentions. In this paper, we have addressed the mechanism of the blockchain technology and a detailed tutorial of how to implement it practically. Specifically we have focused on the practical implementation of how to create a blockchain, mine a block and create a cryptocurrency. Secondly, there is detailed discussion on major platform i.e. bitcoin in which blockchain has been explored a lot. Finally towards the end, the Proof of Work Consensus algorithm is elaborated in detail. Our goal is to help readers easily understand the mechanism along with the important features of the blockchain without having to read all the blockchain specifications and application or the state-of-the-art papers that generally describe the system.
Traffic Light Detection: A cost effective approach
Authors: Iftikhar Muhammad , Riaz Omer , Ali Tanvir , Mumtaz Shahzad , Sharif Waqas , Arshad Humaira
Published: January 2024

In last couple of decades, the technological advancements in image and video processing has brought great revolution in our life. Some of the key areas where these advancements have played a key role are: autonomous vehicles, drone technology, crowd monitoring, traffic monitoring, object tracking etc. Nowadays a lot of work is under process for improving capabilities of autonomous vehicles and driver assisted systems. Our focus in this paper is related to automated traffic light detection system with improved capabilities in terms of time complexity and accuracy. The time complexity is directly related to image or video quality with regard to resolution of video and the accuracy is often compromised because of identification of similar objects. The similar objects often appear in video frames when each frame of video is analyzed completely. In order to solve the problem of real time detection of traffic lights in a high-resolution video having 30 frames per second with a resolution of 1280 × 720, we propose an algorithm that systematically searches in middle 70% region of each frame. The proposed algorithm optimizes the search space by dividing middle region into 3. There are three methods for searching and registering a traffic light is proposed in this paper. The basic concept is at single instance a traffic light can exist on one of these three regions. These trategies help in reducing computation complexity tremendously. The Hough Circle Transform technique of image processing is exploited to accurately detect red and green circles of light in the traffic light. Efficacy of the proposed technique in terms of improved time and accuracy is demonstrated on a real dataset collected from Nexar (dashcam mobile solution provider), it encompasses different illumination conditions: day, evening, night, cludy weather and rain etc.
Prediction of covid-19 daily infected cases (worldwide & united states) using Regression Models and Neural Network
Authors: Naz Neelma , Ehsan Muhammad Khurram , Qureshi Muhammad Aasim , Ali Aasim , Amirzada Muhmmad Rizwan , Shah Asghar Ali
Published: January 2024

Covid-19 is an infectious disease that has threatened the world by spreading at an alarming rate. Since the start of this pandemic, various researchers are working on the prediction of infection rates, death rates, daily cases at the country level as well as worldwide. Researchers are using different machine learning techniques to predict these values. However, the choice of appropriate features is a very important task for accurate predictions. According to literature, different variables like covid-19, demographic and climate play a significant role in these predictions. This project is focused on the prediction of daily cases using linear regression, polynomial regression and a 2 layer neural network with and without regularization. The study deals with the prediction of cases in United states at state level as well worldwide cases.
Text Summarization Techniques Using Natural Language Processing: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Tahseen Rabia , Omer Uzma , Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , Adnan Faiqa
Published: January 2024

In recent years, data has been growing rapidly in almost every domain. Due to this excessiveness of data, there is a need for an automatic text summarizer that summarizes long and numerical data especially textual data without losing its content. Text summarization has been under research for decades and researchers used different summarization methods by using natural language processing and combining various algorithms. This paper presents a systematic literature review by showing a survey of text summarization methods and explains the accuracy of these methods used for text summarization. The paper first introduced some concepts of extractive and abstractive text summarization and also define how deep learning models can be used for the improvement of text summarization. This paper aims to identify the current utilization of text summarization in different application domains. Different methodologies are discussed for text summarization. To carry out this SLR, twenty-four published articles have been chosen carefully for this domain. Moreover, it discusses issues and challenges which are investigated in different application domains using text summarization methods. Lastly, the existing work of different researchers has been carried out for further discussion.
SDN based V2X Networks for Disaster Management: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Anjum Muhammad Junaid , Farooq Muhammad Shoaib
Published: January 2024

Disasters in an area or an accident in a city both result in loss of property and lives. To overcome this, a disaster management system needs to be in place, which is efficient for any type of scenario. Through the use of Software Defined Networks and Vehicle-to-Everything, it is possible to create such an effective disaster management system. However, simply defining an architecture is not a solution. Other factors such as the transmission of data and its reliability is also a key research point. In light of this, this article presents a systematic literature review of around 20 research works that was conducted by surveying different architectures and routing protocols of software defined vehicular networks in terms of any disaster related scenario. The major objective of this literature review was to present a review of different proposed architectures and various routing protocols and their subsequent network characteristics in the case of a disaster scenario. Also, different open research issues and challenges are highlighted for any kind of disaster scenario.
Origins and Consequences of Misunderstood/Slipped Requirements on Large Scale Software Projects
Authors: Ashraf Adeel , Alam Hina , Awan Shahid Mahmood
Published: January 2024

Requirement engineering is the first and foremost phase of a software development life cycle. Making mistakes during this process has enormous negative impact on all underlying activities of software development. Defects discovered when a system is deployed cost fifty to two hundred times more than defects discovered during software elicitation phase. In this research paper causes of missed requirements have been identified by literature review and supported by interviews and surveys from leading software industry professionals. In total, sixteen factors of missed requirements have been identified and divided into three categories namely; User factors, Analyst factors, and Common Factors. Understanding of these factors will aid in developing software with complete requirements and thus achieving customer satisfaction level and to avoid wastage of effort and poor quality software.
A Computational Approach to a Quasi- Minimal Bezier Surface for Computer Graphics
Authors: Ahmad Daud , Naeem Saba , Haseeb Abdul , Mahmood M.Khalid
Published: January 2024

In computer science, the algorithms related to geometry can be exploited in computer aided geometric design, a field in computational geometry. Bézier surfaces are restricted class of surfaces used in computer science, computer graphics and the allied disciplines of science. In this work, a computational approach for finding the Béziersurface related minimal surfaces as the extremal of mean curvature functional is presented. A minimal surface is the surface that locally minimizes its area and has zero mean curvature everywhere. The vanishing mean curvature results in a non-linear partial differential equation for a minimal surface spanned by the boundary of interest and the solution of the partial differential equation does exist for very few special cases whereas, the vanishing condition of the gradient of the area functional is in general not possible as it involves square-root in its integrand. Instead, we find the vanishing condition of the gradient of the mean curvature for a related problem, Plateau-Bézier problem that gives the constraints on the interior control points in terms of boundary control points of the prescribed border. The emerging Bézier surface is the quasi-minimal surface as the extremal of mean curvature.
Application of Blockchain in E-banking Transactions
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , WASEEM HARIS
Published: January 2024

E-banking has now become a must need of every person. Cyber-attacks has been increasing daily and customer data and money are in danger. So, there must be a securable way of making transaction. In this SLR, we proposed blockchain to solve this issue because it is a fast, cheap, and secured way of making a transaction. Forty -one research paper were finalized and had been studied to conduct this SLR. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such SLR available which covers all the aspects of E-banking and blockchain. In this article, we have reviewed different article and showed the importance of using blockchain to secure transaction. Issues and challenges of E-banking sector has also been shown and how can they be removed by blockchain. Furthermore, we had shown already proposed models of blockchain in E-banking and shown which blockchain features can be implemented to secure transaction. Lastly, we have also shown issues and threats of e-banking.
Model-Based Testing of Web Application: An SLR
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , AREEJ AYESHA
Published: January 2024

Website applications surpass system-based applications because they are nature friendly and installation free. Additionally, model-based testing is more beneficial under website applications as it saves time and money. Moreover, it detects fault lines at a higher speed. With the commencement of web application testing and model-based testing, various tools and models have been introduced in the domain of web application. In this milieu, systematical identification got significant importance to analyze MBT. To analyze the MBT, articles published between the years 2000 to 2022 are collected. From the total of 6115 papers are analyzed and 43 papers are selected. The presented SLR of MBT for the web application presents a comprehensive review of all the models and tools proposed in the literature. Furthermore, the taxonomy is defined about the models and steps followed in MBT. Lastly, the challenges and gaps are addressed. Hence, it is also helpful for researchers to avert the obstacles in the field of MBT for website applications.
Software Testing Education: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , Tehseen Rabia , Omer Uzma , Riaz Shamyla , Tahir Saba
Published: January 2024

Software Testing is the core part of computer science & engineering curriculum. It has been observed that software testing has been taught much in Computer science & engineering disciplines at undergraduate level. Software Testing Education (STE) involves time, cost, risk, quality, integration, communication, human resource, and procurement management skills. The STE at undergraduate and graduate level is a challenging task because it also requires knowledge and experience. This article aims to investigate and synthesize the state-of-the-art research in STE  for the improvement of STE curriculum, pedagogical tools and techniques, cognitive, empirical and assessments methods. STE research approaches has been categorized into five categories including empirical type, research approaches, software testing education processes, key areas, and curricula. The ninety-seven articles for the area of STE have been chosen after rigorous systematic screening process published in during 2004 to 2021. Furthermore, tools and techniques, testing processes, pedagogy and student performance are the frequently addressed in STE; whereas assessment methods, gamification, curriculum and exemplary program development appeared as mostly ignored areas. Lastly, research gaps and challenges relate to STE has been presented as future directions for the faculty, software industry, and researchers.
Palyatif Modernleşme: Kavalalı Mehmed Ali Dönemi Mısır’da Modern Ordu ve Eğitim
Authors: EROL Halil İbrahim
Published: January 2024

Yaklaşık dört yüz yıl boyunca Osmanlı idaresi altında yönetilen Mısır on dokuzuncu yüzyıla önemli gelişmelerle birlikte girmiştir. Fransız işgali bunların başında gelmektedir. Kavalalı Mehmed Ali’nin Arnavut birlikleri içinde Mısır’a intikali ve ardından Mısır valisi olarak atanması Mısır’daki yeni sürece yön vermiştir. Mehmed Ali Paşa’nın Mısır’da yeni bir matbaa kurması, modern tarzda okullar açması, başta Fransa olmak üzere Avrupa’nın muhtelif ülkelerine eğitim gayesiyle öğrenciler göndermesi gibi farklı alanlarda gerçekleştirdiği reformlar Mısır modernleşmesini şekillendirmiştir. Bu makale zikredilen hamlelerin eğitim faaliyetleri ile irtibatını analiz etmektedir. Eğitim faaliyetlerini, Mısır’ın modernleşmesi açısından tartışmayı ve eğitim olgusunu kendi bağlamında değerlendirmeyi teklif etmektedir. Kavalalı Mehmed Ali’nin eğitim hamlelerinin modern ulus devleti ortaya çıkaran ya da milli bilinci oluşturan bir unsur olarak görülemeyeceği iddiası çalışmanın temel argümanıdır. Mısırlıların eğitimindeki temel gaye, yeni ordu teşekkülünde ortaya çıkan personel eksiğinin giderilmesinden ve ordu ile irtibatlı diğer kurumsallaşma süreçlerinin desteklenmesinden başka bir şey olmamıştır. Araştırma bu süreçte ortaya çıkan palyatif karakterdeki modernleşmeyi incelemektedir.
O Programa Mais Vida nos Morros e a Relação das Crianças com o Espaço Público: o Caso da Vila Burity (Recife, PE)
Authors: Nunes de Santana Poliana , Carvalho Benício de Mello Sérgio , Valença Sandro
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar como o programa Mais Vida nos Morros, implementado na Vila Burity, no bairro da Macaxeira, na Zona Norte do Recife (PE), transformou a relação das crianças com o espaço público urbano em que estão inseridas.
Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo de caso naturalista, com abordagem qualitativa e descritiva. Dados e informações foram coletados através de levantamentos documentais, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações não participantes. A interpretação e análise se deu pela agregação categorial e análise qualitativa básica, de modo que os achados foram codificados e classificados em três categorias: “processo de intervenção”, “participação infantil” e “consequências da intervenção”.
Resultados: Observou-se que o programa realizou intervenções pautadas nos princípios de urbanismo tático, criando, por exemplo, áreas de lazer e convivência direcionadas às crianças, o que fez com que elas se reapropriassem dos espaços públicos, atribuindo vitalidade às ruas e calçadas e, consequentemente, aumentando a sensação de segurança. Não obstante, os espaços de participação infantil criados foram temporários, de forma que, decorrido algum tempo, as crianças voltaram à invisibilidade, não tendo a oportunidade real de exercer seus direitos, com destaque ao direito à cidade.
Originalidade: Constatou-se que o programa, a despeito de sua proposta ambiciosa, alcançou resultados aquém dos prometidos — e almejados — pelo poder público na Vila Burity, o que não significa que as iniciativas tenham sido um desperdício de esforços, mas implica dizer que elas deveriam ser regularizadas e reforçadas, numa rotina de trabalho contínuo.
Contribuições teóricas e práticas: Contribuiu-se, aqui, com os estudos nas áreas da sociologia da infância, de políticas públicas e de planejamento urbano. Ademais, teceram-se sugestões de melhorias e de ações, visando subsidiar o aperfeiçoamento desta e de outras políticas públicas semelhantes.
Capacidades relacionais em alianças sociais: similaridades e diferenças em multicasos
Authors: Salvador Alves Fernanda , Vieira Cruz Kumasaka Julia Mitsue
Published: January 2024

Objetivo da pesquisa: O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar distinções e similaridades no desenvolvimento das Capacidades Relacionais em diferentes tipos de alianças sociais brasileiras.
Enquadramento teórico: Para tanto, utilizou-se a base teórica das Capacidades Dinâmicas, que englobam as Capacidades Relacionais.
Metodologia: Para a consecução desta pesquisa, um estudo de multicasos, qualitativo e descritivo foi realizado a partir da perspectiva das duas organizações envolvidas nas quatro alianças sociais estudadas, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise documental.
Resultados: Notou-se que o conhecimento é a principal tecnologia transferida entre os parceiros e que essa transferência é uma das recompensas mais relevantes para as organizações. Além disso, apenas as alianças com firmas são formalizadas por meio de contratos, pois estas parceiras percebem sua importância para o gerenciamento da aliança. Os casos também apontam que a confiança e a comunicação eficiente podem ser os aspectos mais importantes para o desempenho da aliança.
Originalidade: Os estudos acerca de Capacidades Relacionais ainda são escassos na literatura, assim como o estudo de Capacidades Relacionais em Alianças Sociais. Ademais, as alianças sociais possuem um papel essencial na resolução de problemas sociais complexos.
Contribuições teóricas e práticas: Os achados desta pesquisa permitem avançar nos estudos relacionados a Capacidades Dinâmicas e Relacionais em Alianças e Cooperações, principalmente as Sociais. Ainda, os parceiros das Alianças Sociais podem identificar componentes e dimensões das Capacidades Relacionais que devem ser incentivados em suas parcerias para garantir seu sucesso e proficuidade.
"Long Live Saint John's Fete!" The Affective and Aesthetic Dimensions in Organizing Popular Parties
Authors: Da Silva Italo , Dos Santos Elisabeth Cavalcante , Dias Pâmela Karolina
Published: January 2024

Context: Inspired by the documentary Viva São João, the case presents the engagement of Dona Benta, a community leader in the city of Exu, in three collective moments that constitute the organization of the São João festival: (1) the cycle of planting, cultivating and harvesting maize for preparing typical foods; (2) community games; (3) and the religious, sacred and mystical celebrations of Saint Anthony, Saint John the Baptist and Saint Peter.
Dilemma: Dona Benta and her friends are faced with the challenges of organizing the São João festival. The central challenge is the lack of interest and disengagement of people in the community in organizing the festival, especially at a time marked by the end of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Case Closing: The expectation is that the June festivities can be understood as organizations, based on Studies Based on Practice, highlighting the aesthetic and affective elements that make up this phenomenon.
Condição Financeira dos Municípios Brasileiros no Contexto da Pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Pereira Batista André , Felipe Medeiros de Carvalho Thauan , Alvaro da Silva Macedo Marcelo , Ferreira da Cruz Cláudia
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Analisar o comportamento dos fatores que compõem o índice de condição financeira (ICF) dos municípios brasileiros no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19, considerando como recorte temporal o período 2019-2020.

Enquadramento teórico: Foi utilizado o modelo de condição financeira proposto por Cabaleiro et al. (2013), baseado nas dimensões de sustentabilidade, flexibilidade e vulnerabilidade.

Metodologia:  Foi utilizada Análise Fatorial (AF) para formação dos fatores e do ICF, seguido de uma análise cruzada do seu comportamento no período.

Resultados:  Evidenciou-se a alocação dos municípios em quatro situações: casos em destaque, recuperação, dificuldade crítica e declínio. Além disso, a vulnerabilidade corrente foi o fator mais importante na determinação da condição financeira em 2019 e a flexibilidade geral ‘diferenciada’ em 2020. Assim, menor dependência de recursos de outras esferas governamentais e maior cobertura de despesas não financeiras, respectivamente, contribuíram para uma melhor condição financeira em cada ano.

Originalidade: Aplicar ao contexto brasileiro um modelo alternativo, que de maneira otimizada, pondera os múltiplos indicadores utilizados em avaliações da condição financeira governamental.

Contribuições teóricas e práticas: O ICF possibilita avaliar a condição financeira, servindo de ferramenta para se entender como diferentes fatores a impactam. Contribui-se também com a literatura de finanças públicas, considerando que o principal objetivo do uso de indicadores para governos locais é avaliar sua condição financeira retrospectivamente e atender requisitos de conformidade, sobretudo em períodos de crise, como a decorrente da pandemia da Covid-19.

Palavras-chave: Condição Financeira; Governos; Covid-19; Análise Fatorial
Gerenciamento da Impressão de Legitimidade em Universidades Federais
Authors: Pontelli Greice Eccel , Pigatto Jose Alexandre M.
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: descrever evidências de gerenciamento da impressão de legitimidade a partir de dados correcionais dos Relatórios de Gestão (RG) das Universidades Federais (UF) brasileiras no período de 2014 a 2016.

Enquadramento teórico: a pesquisa utiliza a lente da teoria da Legitimidade.

Método: A análise documental dos RG foi empregada para codificar variáveis de evidenciação correcional das UF, incluindo dados quantitativos e qualitativos de integridade das informações do RG. Foram estatísticas descritivas para as variáveis. Além disso, os dados das variáveis foram agrupados gerando clusters característicos de evidenciação. Uma análise de envoltória de dados do sistema CGU-PAD gerou agrupamentos de eficiência dos processos administrativos disciplinares (PAD). As distribuições das variáveis foram submetidas a testes de diferença entre agrupamentos de RG e de eficiência. Por fim, uma análise de correspondência foi utilizada para avaliar a independência desses agrupamentos por variável.

Resultados: Parte das evidenciações correcionais apresentou comportamento isomórfico. Entretanto, o detalhamento do sistema correcional relacionou-se de maneira inversa à evidenciação de expulsões. Além disso, a maior publicidade dos atos de instauração contrastou com a opacidade da autoridade quando os processos eram mais eficientes. Nessas duas situações, a imagem de legitimidade substantiva materializou-se tanto na publicidade da punição, quanto em mais eficiência processual. No sentido oposto, a exposição do sistema correcional se associou a pouca eficiência processual caracterizando-se como um mecanismo de gerenciamento simbólico da imagem de legitimidade.

Originalidade: Não foram encontrados estudos anteriores sobre transparência correcional em universidades sob a abordagem da Legitimidade.

Contribuições: a pesquisa contribui com a literatura ao analisar a divulgação correcional como prática de gerenciamento da imagem de legitimidade. O estudo pode apoiar as práticas de controle social sugerindo meios de confrontação entre narrativas simbólicas e práticas materiais.
Câmeras nos Uniformes Reduzem Mortes Decorrentes de Intervenção Policial? Avaliando Potenciais Mecanismos Explicativos
Authors: M. Tavares Gustavo , Ferrari Marcolino Antonio César , Cabral Sandro
Published: January 2024

Objetivo da pesquisa: Avaliar o impacto da implementação das Câmeras Operacionais Portáteis (COP) pela Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo (PMESP) na redução do número de Mortes Decorrentes de Intervenção Policial (MDIP), bem como testar a hipótese de que a queda de envolvimento dos policiais em situações de maior risco de confronto pode explicar parte deste impacto.
Enquadramento teórico: Para desenvolver as hipóteses, utilizamos a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP), que informa que o comportamento humano é guiado, entre outros fatores, pela percepção do indivíduo sobre as consequências prováveis (positivas e negativas) e as expectativas normativas e sociais de um dado comportamento.
Metodologia: Foi utilizado o método estatístico diferenças-em-diferenças para estimar o efeito das COP sobre MDIP e apreensão de armas de fogo, com dados fornecidos pela PMESP.
Resultados: As análises estatísticas revelam que houve redução significativa no número de MDIP em decorrência do uso das COP. Os resultados também indicam uma possível queda no envolvimento dos policiais em situações com maior risco de confronto, representado pela redução no número de armas de fogo apreendidas. Análises adicionais, contudo, sugerem que esta diminuição de apreensão de armas de fogo – um efeito indesejado – ocorreu apenas em Batalhões de Ações Especiais.
Originalidade: O estudo não apenas avalia o impacto das COP sobre uso da força policial, tal como feito por pesquisas anteriores, mas também investiga a hipótese de que um possível mecanismo explicativo deste impacto seja a redução do envolvimento dos policiais em situações de maior risco de confronto. Além disso, investiga efeitos heterogêneos não examinados em estudos anteriores, ao diferenciar tipos de batalhões.
Contribuições teóricas e práticas: Este estudo contribui para o campo das políticas públicas com base em evidências ao demonstrar os efeitos positivos das COP sobre os indicadores de atividades policiais. Além de demonstrar empiricamente e de forma robusta a queda nas mortes decorrentes de intervenção policial por meio das COP, o estudo demonstra que parte da redução nos indicadores de letalidade pode se dar por meio da redução de esforços de policiais, explicitados pela menor apreensão de armas nos Batalhões de Ações Especiais. Contudo, a redução da letalidade decorrente das COP é mantida sem efeitos adversos nos Batalhões Territoriais, responsáveis por parte significativa do efetivo policial.
Controles Culturais e Desempenho de Tarefas de Servidores Públicos em Teletrabalho
Authors: Sallaberry Jonatas Dutra , Santos Edicreia Andrade dos , Franco Maryely Andrea Jimenez , Zanin Antônio
Published: January 2024

Objetivo da pesquisa: Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar os efeitos dos controles culturais no desempenho de tarefas de servidores, mediado pela interação social em situações de teletrabalho.

Enquadramento teórico: A pesquisa adota o suporte teórico dos sistemas de controles gerenciais para os controles culturais por Merchant e Van der Stede (2007) sob um plano de fundo do desempenho de tarefas diante da interação social no ambiente de teletrabalho no setor público (De Vries, Tummers, & Bekkers, 2018).

Metodologia: Para tal análise, aplicou-se questionário à 468 servidores de um órgão federal do sistema de justiça, cujos dados foram analisados por meio da aplicação da técnica de equações estruturais.

Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que não há uma relação significante diretamente entre os controles culturais e o desempenho de tarefas, entretanto a mediação da interação social torna a relação significativa e positiva. Além disso, as evidências indicam que a interação social no teletrabalho influencia de forma positiva e direta no desempenho de tarefas

Originalidade: A pesquisa traz à destaque a consideração dos controles culturais nas organizações sob um aprofundamento no contexto de teletrabalho.

Contribuições teóricas e práticas: sugere que a maior interação e proximidade entre chefias, subordinados e pares permite modelar e incentivar os valores, as políticas, as regras e procedimentos da organização conquistando assim a confiança dos servidores e estimulando maior desempenho de tarefas.

Palavras-chave: Teletrabalho, Controles Culturais, Desempenho de Tarefa, Interação Social.
QUEM FISCALIZA O TRANSPORTE NA AMAZÔNIA? Um estudo sobre competências socioemocionais de reguladores do transporte aquaviário
Authors: De Almeida Araujo Rafaela , Resende Lara Livia , Batista de Lima Tereza Cristina , Leite Rodrigues Andrea
Published: January 2024

Objetivo da pesquisa: O artigo tem por objetivo compreender como as competências socioemocionais são utilizadas no exercício das atividades de reguladores aquaviários.
Enquadramento teórico: O estudo é conduzido com base no modelo competências socioemocionais de Mâcedo e Silva (2020), que as classifica em Consciência emocional”, “Regulação emocional”, “Consciência social”, “Autocontrole emocional” e “Criatividade emocional”.
Metodologia: Esta pesquisa é caracterizada como qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória realizada mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas com 21 servidores, analisadas por meio de análise de conteúdo.
Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que os reguladores sentem o dever de serem servidores. O trabalho acontece em duplas, o que fortalece o sentimento de parceria. Verificou-se um sentimento de empatia pelas condições do usuário do serviço e pelos regulados, e a sede do órgão pouco conhece a realidade vivenciada no norte do país. O estudo conclui que os servidores demonstraram emoções positivas em relação ao trabalho e da conscientização realidade precária do transporte da Amazônia. Observou-se a necessidade de um maior efetivo, e os servidores trabalham sob condições difíceis, como risco à vida.
Originalidade: As pesquisas realizadas até então sobre o constructo das competências socioemocionais são de caráter quantitativo. Assim, este estudo trata de uma pesquisa qualitativa, a qual busca uma intensa aproximação com os participantes, de modo à melhor compreender o significado que o grupo de indivíduos analisados atribuem às questões sociais e humanas que enfrentam na regulação do transporte aquaviário.
Contribuições teóricas e práticas: Como contribuições gerenciais e políticas, o estudo observou que há uma necessidade de uma ampliação dos recursos materiais e que os servidores trabalham sob condições difíceis, como risco à vida. Além disso, observou-se que a falta de apoio institucional, dificultou a realização das atividades inerentes à fiscalização. Ademais, observou-se a necessidade de um maior efetivo.
GIS and Remote Sensing based, Hydrological variations study in the Alaknanda River basin, Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand
Authors: Tewari N. K. , Chaudhary Shailendra Kumar , Sharma Anshumali , Yaduvanshi Manish
Published: January 2024

Geomorphic features and drainage characteristics of Alaknanda River sub-basin was carried out with the help of morphometric analysis. The Alaknanda valley in the Garhwal Himalaya has been considered most suitable for morphometric analysis. The Alaknanda covering a basin area of more than 10,800 square kms, extending from 300 to 30047’ N latitude and 790 to 79049’ E longitude. Various areal, linear and relief parameters were calculated to assess drainage basin characteristics quantitatively, determine infiltration and surface runoff behaviour control of drainage. The drainage morphometric analysis incorporating number, length, frequency and density of streams, formulation of basin with respect to their length, width, total area, elongation and correlation of all these with lithology and structures were carried out. The drainage network was analyzed using IRS-PAN satellite data and Survey of India toposheets. The circularity ratio indicates sub-elongated shape of basin. Stream segments development in the basin is controlled by local relief and slope. The bifurcation ratio indicates disparity of bifurcation between different stream orders owing to structural control. The study will be helpful for making soil erosion prevention strategies and its conservation and facilitate the understanding of water retention function in river basins.