bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN ELEKTROOSMOSIS UNTUK PENGERINGAN SLUDGE DARI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR
Authors: Darmawan Darmawan , Suryaningtyas Dyah Tjahyandari , Sariningpuri Juniska Muria
Published: February 2015

APPLICATION OF ELECTROOSMOSIS FOR DEWATERING OF SLUDGE FROM WASTE WATER TREATMENT. Wastewater treatment produces semi-solid residue (sludge) that must be handled carefully during dumping and discharge to avoid polluting the environment. A low cost and easy treatment of dewatering is needed. This research aimed to apply electroosmosis technique for dewatering sludge in order to seek for parameters that can efficiently reduce water content of sludge, including range of voltage, type of electrodes, and distance between electrodes; and to determine the effect of electroosmosis processes on changes of chemical characteristics of sludge. The results showed that: (1) electroosmosis dewatering occurred on the sludge taken from waste water treatment of landfill but not on sludge from water purification plant (PDAM), (2) direct current voltage of 30 volts was the optimum voltage, (3) copper rod cathode provided electroosmosis process as good as stainless steel cathode and both were better than the woven stainless steel cathode, (4) the dewatering time to reduce 1200% (w/w) water content to about 400% was about 40 hours for sludge of 2500 cm3 in volume (laboratory bench scale), (5) the anode need to reinserted gradually approaching the cathode due to current lost when the water content at the anode point reached 400% and sludge at the point shrink, and (6) some chemical elements in the sludge decreased significantly after treatment. Pengolahan limbah cair menghasilkan residu berupa bahan semi padat yang dikenal sebagai sludge. Sludge tersebut juga perlu dikelola penyimpanan dan pembuangannya agar tidak mencemari lingkungan. Salah satu pengelolaan sludge yang perlu dilakukan adalah pengeringan (dewatering). Salahsatu teknik dewatering yang mungkin diterapkan ialah teknik elektroosmosis, yaitu teknik yang memanfaatkan adanya pergerakan air pada media poros di dalam medan istrik searah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari parameter sistem dewatering secara elektroosmosis yang dapat menurunkan kadar air sludge paling efisien dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh elektroosmosis terhadap karakteristik kimia sludge. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pengeringan sludge terjadi pada jenis sludge IPAL TPA namun tidak pada jenis lumpur PDAM; (2) tegangan listrik searah sekitar 30 volt merupakan tegangan optimum; (3) katoda batang tembaga menghasilkan proses elektroosmosis yang sebanding katoda batang stainless steel dan lebih baik dibanding katoda stainless steel anyam; (4) waktu pengeringan dari kadar air awal 1200% (b/b) hingga kadar air akhir sekitar 400% untuk volume sludge 2500 cm3 (skala laboratorium) sekitar 40 jam; (5) anoda perlu dipindahkan secara bertahap mendekati katoda karena arus terputus pada saat sludge di titik anoda mencapai kadar air sekitar 400% dan mengalami pengerutan; dan (6) kadar beberapa unsur kimia dalam sludge menurun secara signifikan setelah perlakuan.
PEMILIHAN ADSORBEN UNTUK PENJERAPAN KARBON MONOKSIDA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL ADSORPSI ISOTERMIS LANGMUIR
Authors: Yuliusman Yuliusman , Purwanto Widodo Wahyu , Nugroho Yulianto Sulistyo
Published: February 2015

ADSORBENT SELECTION FOR CO ADSORPTION USING LANGMUIR ISOTHERMIC ADSORPTION MODEL. The objective of this research is to choose the adsorbent that can be applied to decrease toxicity level and to purify fire smoke. In case of fire, toxicity level is high due to carbon monoxide. Adsorbent is chosen based on its ability to adsorb carbon monoxide using volumetric method in constant temperature. Materials to be tested are natural zeolite, active carbon, TiO2, CuO, MgO. Due to existence of organic and mineral polluters, natural zeolite needs to be activated prior to adsorption test using fluoride acid (HF), chloride acid (HCl), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and followed by calcination process. Result shows that activation of natural zeolite can increase Si/Al ratio and surface area. According to Langmuir adsorption model obtained, adsorption capacity of active carbon and natural zeolite are the highest. At 1 atmospheric pressure, adsorption capacity are 0.0682 mmol/g for active carbon, 0.0464 for activated natural zeolite with particle size of 400 nm, and 0.0265 mmol/g for activated natural zeolite with particle size of (37-50) μm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memilih adsorben yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk menurunkan tingkat racun dan menjernihkan asap kebakaran. Pada kasus kebakaran tingkat racun asap disebabkan tingginya kandungan karbon monoksida. Proses pemilihan adsorben dilihat pada kemampuan adsorben mengadsorpsi karbon monoksida, yang dilakukan dengan metode volumetrik pada temperatur konstan. Material yang diuji adalah zeolit alam, karbon aktif, TiO2, CuO, MgO. Zeolit alam banyak terdapat pengotor baik organik maupun mineral, oleh karena itu sebelum dilakukan uji adsorpsi, zeolit alam terlebih dahulu diaktifasi menggunakan larutan asam florida (HF), asam khlorida (HCl) dan larutan amonium khlorida (NH4Cl), dilanjutkan dengan proses kalsinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktifasi zeolit alam dapat meningkatkan rasio Si/Al dan luas permukaan. Semua adsorben yang diuji mempunyai kemampuan mengadsorpsi karbon monoksida. Berdasarkan model adsorpsi Langmuir yang diperoleh, karbon aktif dan zeolit alam mempunyai kapasitas adsorpsi yang paling besar. Dengan menggunakan kondisi tekanan 1 atmosfir, kapasitas adsorpsi adalah 0,0682 mmol/g untuk karbon aktif, 0,0464 mmol/g untuk zeolit alam teraktifasi dengan ukuran partikel 400 nm dan 0,0265 mmol/g untuk zeolit alam teraktifasi dengan ukuran partikel (37-50) μm.
Krankenhausversorgung im Wandel – Chancen und Risiken für die Labormedizin/Hospital care in times of change: risks and rewards for laboratory medicine
Authors: Neubauer Günter
Published: February 2015

Die demographisch bedingte Herausforderung einer sich verändernden Erwerbstätigenstruktur stellt die stationäre Versorgung und damit auch die Labormedizin vor vermehrten Rationalisierungsdruck. Die darauf folgenden betriebswirtschaftlichen Antworten sind unter anderem die interne Prozessoptimierung, Beschaffungsmanagement, Leistungs-Outsourcing und die Bildung regionaler Netze. Auch die Labormedizin muss sich diesen Herausforderungen stellen, um weiterhin wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben.
Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in acute leukemia and lymphoma: indications for CNS assessment and advice for diagnostic strategy1)
Authors: Ringhoffer Mark , Bommer Martin
Published: February 2015

Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) must be considered in leukemia and lymphoma to develop a promising treatment strategy. In particular, a relapse within the CNS compartment is associated with a dismal prognosis. Therefore, CNS involvement should be detected as early as possible during the disease course. The risk for CNS disease varies considerably between the diseases. For diseases with a proven high-risk for CNS involvement, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or Burkitt’s lymphoma, prophylactic strategies are used. Although not in every entity, evidence-based therapeutic standards do exist, the detection of tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) will have an impact on the therapeutic concept. This holds true for the preemptive situation with low tumor burden as well as for the therapeutic situation with a symptomatic patient. Whereas parenchymatous lesions are detected by magnetic resonance imaging, CSF analysis is the method of choice for the diagnosis of neoplastic meningitis. Cytomorphology of CSF cells, if used by an experienced cytopathologist, is of sufficient specificity but limited sensitivity for the diagnosis of leukemia. In lymphoma, cytomorphology has only modest specificity, because rather seldom conclusions can be drawn about the lineage commitment of the lymphoma cells and there is no possibility to prove clonal disease. Furthermore, it is often very difficult to discriminate between neoplastic meningitis and reactive pleocytosis. By combining cytomorphology with flow cytometry, sensitivity as well as specificity can be improved. Careful acquisition of the CSF sample by lumbar puncture is important. Only the last of several CSF fractions should be assessed by cytomorphology and flow cytometry to avoid contamination with peripheral blood. It is further mandatory that essential clinical information is provided by the clinician to the laboratory, so that a well-suited antibody panel can be chosen. This will save material and laboratory time and will further accelerate analysis. Owing to the limited number of cells within the CSF, analysis should always start with a basic antibody panel, which can then be extended on demand.
Kennzahlen und Benchmarking im Krankenhauslabor/Key figures and benchmarking in the hospital laboratory
Authors: Orth Matthias , Aufenanger Johannes , Klosson Rupert J.
Published: February 2015

„Benchmarking“ ist ein systematischer und kontinuierlicher Prozess zum Vergleich von Produkten, Dienstleistungen und Prozessen – sowohl in qualitativer als auch in quantitativer Hinsicht. Benchmarking im Krankenhauslabor ist derzeit ein häufig angewandtes aber immer noch wenig standardisiertes Instrument. Aufgrund der großen Heterogenität und Komplexität der labormedizinischen Leistungen hinsichtlich der Art der Untersuchung, der erforderlichen bzw. gewünschten Verfügbarkeit und des für die einzelne Leistung notwendigen Ressourcenverbrauchs setzen aussagekräftige Benchmarkingprojekte eine aufwändige und strukturierte Datenerfassung voraus. Diese Voraussetzungen werden oft nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt. Während bei einem internen Benchmarking, d.h. den Vergleich von Leistungen, Kosten und Erlösen innerhalb einer Einrichtung über einen längeren Zeitraum, die vorhandenen Methoden zur Datenerfassung in der Regel geeignet sind, so sind beim externen Benchmarking eine Reihe von Fallstricken zu beachten, um ein valides Benchmarkingprojekt durchführen zu können. Deshalb können in der Regel laborübergreifend lediglich kleine Teilprozesse mit einer befriedigenden Aussagekraft verglichen werden. Aber auch bei internen Benchmarkingprojekten ist immer zu prüfen, ob die beobachteten Unterschiede tatsächlich durch Veränderungen der Prozesse hervorgerufen wurden oder nur eine Folge einer verbesserten Datenerfassung oder veränderter Rahmenbedingungen außerhalb des Labors sind. In dieser Übersicht werden Vorgehensweisen und Kennzahlen beschrieben, die bei Benchmarkingprojekten in Krankenhauslaboratorien verwendet wurden, und die Stärken und Grenzen dieser Ansätze diskutiert.
Flow cytometry and drug-monitoring of natalizumab saturation of immune cells in multiple sclerosis1)
Authors: Harrer Andrea , Oppermann Katrin , Pilz Georg , Wipfler Peter , Afazel Shahrzad , Haschke-Becher Elisabeth , Trinka Eugen , Kraus Jörg
Published: February 2015

Natalizumab (Tysabri) is a blocking antibody specific to the α-4 integrin subunit and can be detected on the surface of immune cells by flow cytometry. We investigated if the determination of natalizumab saturation of immune cells has the potential to act as a biomarker for treatment effectiveness in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Natalizumab saturation of immune cells from 11 patients was measured before the start of treatment and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of natalizumab therapy on T cells (CD3

At weeks 4, 8, and 12 the average (n=9) natalizumab saturation of T cells approximated 80%. One patient with natalizumab neutralizing antibodies (NABs) and another patient with irregular infusion intervals were identified by abnormalities in the natalizumab saturation of cells. Different α-4 expression levels of T cell subpopulations were irrelevant to measuring cellular natalizumab saturation.

We showed that monitoring natalizumab saturation of T cells by flow cytometry is a useful and routine-qualified method to identify patients with a reduced treatment effect due to NABs or irregular infusion intervals. Further studies to determine a cut-off value for suboptimal natalizumab saturation of immune cells will also show the potential of this parameter concerning more individualized treatment schedules. Considering the risk of opportunistic infections it is very important to increase the safety of this highly effective MS therapy.
The Lotus and the Rose
Authors: Logan Elizabeth
Published: February 2015

Planners of San Francisco’s 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition wanted to present their city as the center of an American empire that stretched from Maine to the Philippines. The fair’s head landscape engineer John McLaren and his team spent three years planning and planting the fairgrounds to reinforce this message. They used plants and flowers from around the world to show off California’s gentle climate, and convey to visitors the idea that the city was at the center of the commercial world. This article details the work that McLaren’s crews undertook, analyzes three sections of the fairgrounds, and discusses the impact the fair’s landscaping made on visitors.
Fair Labor
Authors: Markwyn Abigail
Published: February 2015

Labor relations during the run up to and duration of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in 1915 have been called the “Pax Panama Pacifica” thanks to unwritten agreements between fair planners and key labor unions in San Francisco. Fair planners intended to use the exposition to declare California’s ascendance as an economic stronghold in the Pacific, but the staging of it involved work that was inexorably bound with local, domestic, class, race, and gender conflicts in the Progressive Era. This article looks at why avoiding labor strife was critical to fair organizers’ objectives, and examines in particular the groups for whom the peace did not hold: unskilled workers, women, people of color, and foreign performers.
The Pacific in California
Authors: Fischer Suzanne
Published: February 2015

“Pacific” was the key term in the name of San Francisco's Panama Pacific International Exposition. The fair presented a vision of an increasingly unified Pacific region under the control of American economic and political power. Of course, California had been part of a coherent Pacific region for hundreds of years. Facing the Pacific was a key orientation for both the fair’s organizers and visitors. This article accompanies a portfolio of objects from the collections of the Oakland Museum of California
Managing Female Adolescence in Disney's Witch Mountain Movies during the Women's Liberation Era
Authors: Pike Kirsten
Published: February 2015

Although Disney's 1970s Witch Mountain films were tremendously popular with preteen girls, they have been largely overlooked in historical scholarship on gender, film, and second-wave feminism. To help extend and shed new light on the history of girls on film during the women's liberation era, this article explores how Escape to Witch Mountain (1975) and Return from Witch Mountain (1978) negotiate ideas about youthful female independence, power, and sexuality. Though on the surface these films appear to fit Disney's model of “innocent” entertainment, close analysis reveals patterns common to the era's horror films made for adults—especially preoccupations with, and attempts to control, female sexuality. The specific mode of regulation applied to the preteen heroine depended on her age and maturity level. Thus, kindhearted male characters anxiously try to safeguard ten-year-old Tia (Kim Richard)'s innocent sexuality in Escape, while villainous characters viciously try to terminate it in the sequel. This shift, I argue, is tied to Tia's entrance into adolescence and the attendant horror produced by the intermingling of puberty and supernatural power. The films’ attempts to contain Tia's emerging sexuality speak to diffuse cultural anxieties surrounding female empowerment during the rise of women's liberation; yet, in showcasing girlhood strength and agency, they also offer pleasurable possibilities for youthful female identification. An analysis of the films’ gendered tensions not only illuminates how adult creators envisioned girls in the 1970s, but also suggests how girls growing up at the time might have experienced competing discourses about liberation.
Mod Pop Methods
Authors: Miller Quinlan
Published: February 2015

This article reconstructs queer popular culture as a way of exploring media production studies as a trans history project. It argues that queer and trans insights into gender are indispensible to feminist media studies. The article looks at The Ugliest Girl in Town series (ABC, 1968–69), a satire amplifying a purported real-life fad in flat chests, short haircuts, and mod wigs, to restore texture to the everyday landscape of popular entertainment. Approaching camp as a genderqueer practice, the article presents the program as one of many indications of simultaneously queer and trans representation in the new media moment of the late 1960s. Behind-the-scenes visions of excavated archival research inform an analysis of the series as a feminist text over and against its trans misogyny, which evaluates and ranks women based on their looks, bodies, and appearance while excessively sexualizing and even more stringently appraising, policing, and punishing trans women, women perceived to be trans, and oppositional forms of femininity. The program captures both the means of gender regulation and detachment from it, the experience of gender embodiment, and the promise of presenting and being perceived as many genders. Ugly is an awful word in the way it is usually wielded, but it can be reclaimed. Examining this rarely cited and often misconstrued Screen Gems series helps to demonstrate a more equitable distribution of creative credit for queer trans content across the television industry and the subcultures it commodified in the 1960s.
Social Studies Controversies in 1960s Los Angeles
Authors: Lewinnek Elaine
Published: February 2015

During the late 1960s, liberals and conservatives clashed in passionate debates over California’s state-mandated eighth-grade U.S. history textbook, Land of the Free. Even as minority racial groups won civil rights battles and fought to integrate both the schools and the schools’ social-studies curriculum, another minority—consisting of female white conservatives—fought tenaciously for control over education and public memory, promoting a romanticized fantasy of fundamentalist history.
What Next for Wood Construction/Demolition Debris?
Authors: Hubbe Martin A.
Published: February 2015

Residents in localities throughout the world voluntarily participate in the routine recycling of household wastes, such as paper, metals, and plastics containers. But when a house in their neighborhood gets built or torn down, most of the debris – including wood waste – gets landfilled. Such a waste of material suggests that there are opportunities to add value to these under-utilized resources. The great variability, as well as contamination, pose major challenges. It is recommended that reclaimed wood be primarily used in the manufacture of durable goods, and then whatever is left over be used for energy (or heat) generation.
The Incidence of Catheter-Associated Venous Thrombosis in Noncritically Ill Children
Authors: Smitherman Andrew B. , Alexander Thomas , Connelly Mark , Snavely Anna C. , Weston Brent W. , Liles Edmund A. , Steiner Michael J.
Published: February 2015

Objective:

Previous studies estimated the incidence of catheter-associated venous thrombosis to be between 2% and 81%. Our goals were to define the incidence rate of catheter-related thrombosis in a hospitalized, noncritically ill, pediatric population and to determine modifiable factors that alter the risk of thrombosis.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was performed at the North Carolina Children’s Hospital from 2009 to 2012. Chart review was performed with extraction of patient characteristics and line-related variables. Presence of symptomatic catheter-associated venous thrombosis was the primary outcome. Bivariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to explore associations between line-related variables and thrombosis.

Results:

A total of 1135 lines were placed in 815 patients for 118 023 catheter-days. Thirty-six were complicated by venous thrombosis (3.2%) yielding a rate of 0.3 events per 1000 catheter-days. In multivariable analysis, increasing age (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.13; P = .002), renal dialysis (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.09–9.66; P = .035), and a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease or short bowel syndrome (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.2–15.0; P = .02) were associated with increased risk of thrombosis. Modifiable risk factors, such as line site, size, and lumens, were not significantly associated with thrombosis. No thromboembolic events were observed.

Conclusions:

We observed a lower incidence rate of catheter-associated venous thrombosis than in most previous reports. No modifiable characteristics altered the risk of thrombosis. Additional investigation of measures to prevent thrombosis is warranted in higher-risk populations, such as patients undergoing dialysis or patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Use of tissue engineering in the reconstruction of flexor tendon injuries
Authors: Bíró Vilmos
Published: February 2015

In his literary analysis, the author describes a novel method applied in the reconstruction of flexor tendon injuries of the hand. This procedure is named tissue engineering, and it is examined mainly under experimental circumstances. After definition of the method and descriptions of literary preliminaries the author discusses the healing process of the normal tendon tissue, then development of the scaffold, an important step of tissue engineering is described. After these topics the introduction of the pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells into the scaffold, and proliferation of these cells and development of the sliding systems are presented. The mechanical resisting ability of the formed tendon tissue is also discussed. Finally, the author concludes that as long as results of experimental research cannot be successfully applied into clinical practice, well-tried tendon reconstruction operations and high quality postoperative rehabilitation are needed. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(6), 216–220.
High Postprandial Triglycerides Serum Levels: Is Obesity a Good Predictor?
Authors: NOGAROTO VIVIANE , RODRIGUES MARCOS R.S. , VICARI MARCELO R. , ALMEIDA MARA C. DE , MILLÉO FÁBIO Q. , SANTOS FÁBIO A. DOS , ARTONI ROBERTO F.
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between triglyceride (TG) serum levels in obese and non-obese patients in a simulated postprandial state. Both groups showed TG levels < 150 mg/dL when fasting. After 12 h fasting, the subjects ingested a lipid overload diet and blood samples were collected. The variation between fasting and the postprandial TG peak levels were analyzed. The peak of postprandial TG levels occurred 4 h after the lipid overload in both groups. When the subjects were not fasting, the majority of non-obese subjects remained within the range of normal TG values, but the values for the obese group remained elevated. There was a significant correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and TG at each time point until 2 h after the meal, but the data did not show a correlation after 3 h. According to the receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve, postprandial TG values were not a good predictor of obesity (based on BMI), but they were a predictor of non-obesity. This study reinforces the importance of measuring non-fasting TG levels in obese and non-obese subjects, because some non-obese patients probably had altered fat metabolism, indicating that this examination could be an indicator of metabolic risk.
Um sujeito no mercado das pílulas
Authors: Besset Vera Lopes
Published: February 2015

O consumo iguala todos como semelhantes, a partir de soluções para-todos, desconsiderando a particularidade da subjetividade. O fibromiálgico recusa o tratamento universal ofertado pela ciência, seu tratamento deve respeitar a lógica do caso a caso. A discussão proposta se ancora em dados clínicos para pensar a especificidade de uma subjetividade, para além da patologia, forjada a partir de uma ordem de ferro, em tempos de declínio do poder norteador do amor ao pai.
Corpo e Embelezamento: a Criança Participante de Concurso de Beleza
Authors: Carvalho Isis Alves , Serpa Monise Gomes
Published: February 2015

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as concepções de uma mãe sobre a participação de sua filha nos concursos de beleza infantil, com vistas a compreender como estão imbricadas as percepções sobre o corpo feminino, as lógicas de embelezamento e a sua relação com os discursos midiáticos. Realizou-se um estudo de caso com entrevista de roteiro semiestruturado, abordando questões sobre corpo, embelezamento e mídia. A entrevistada tem 32 anos e sua filha tem 9, a qual ingressou nas passarelas com 2 anos e meio. Os resultados apontaram que as implicações dos discursos midiáticos estabelecem valores, agindo como mirantes de um ideal corporal a ser atendido, favorecendo a constituição da "adultalização" precoce, além de contribuir para a formação de criança consumidora em uma sociedade espe-tacularizada. Faz-se necessário refletir sobre a infância na contemporaneidade, principalmente de meninas, e de que forma ela tem sido instigada a produzir seus corpos diante dos preceitos mercadológicos de embelezamento.
Vidas Medicalizadas: por uma Genealogia das Resistências à Farmacologização
Authors: Galindo Dolores , Lemos Flávia Cristina Silveira , Lee Henrique de Oliveira , Rodrigues Renata Vilela
Published: February 2015

Este artigo visa a colocar em debate, em formato de ensaio teórico, a temática da me-dicalização e da farmacologização da existência. Discute-se a multiplicidade de acontecimentos que sustentam a medicalização e o campo de lutas no qual tais situações ocorrem e se materializam em um dispositivo de farmacologização subjetivante. Recupera-se, para tanto, aspectos da obra de Rodrigo Souza Leão que problematizam dimensões dos modos de subjetivação atuais urdidos na economia política da indústria farmacêutica e que instauram práticas de liberdade. Ao final do artigo, conclui-se que a difusão da medicalização e da farmacologização da vida é uma prática muito disseminada e, portanto, as resistências endereçadas às mesmas precisam ser ampliadas e articuladas cada vez mais com vistas a produzir efeitos na sociedade atual, de maneira a abrir brechas que façam ressoar práticas não medicalizantes em um campo de tensão de forças. Propomos que a genealogia das resistências à medicalização das existências deve ser articulada à composição de arquivos não conformistas capazes de evidenciar que, apesar da força da farmacologização na configuração das nossas subjetivações, práticas de liberdade continuam a ser urdidas em seus interstícios.
Formação em Psicologia, Demandas Sociais Contemporâneas e Ética: uma Perspectiva
Authors: Amendola Marcia Ferreira
Published: February 2015

Para que se possa analisar e entender a relação entre a formação em Psicologia, a construção das demandas sociais contemporâneas e ética, a leitura de certos momentos da história da Psicologia no Brasil se faz necessária. Um percurso histórico foi traçado para fins de compreender a relação entre a formação profissional, as demandas sociais contemporâneas, as práticas psicológicas e a ética profissional. Considerou-se que a formação do profissional tornou-se uma espécie de mercadoria que visa a adestrar alunos em técnicas desarticuladas com o contexto e interesse social. Igualmente, que essa formação tende a levar o psicólogo a não privilegiar a análise crítica das demandas atuais, em geral, por elaboração de documentos decorrentes de avaliação psicológica, e tampouco o prepara para atendê-las nos mais diversos campos de atuação. Desse modo, muitos psicólogos vêm sendo denunciados por possível infração ao Código de Ética Profissional do Psicólogo junto aos seus Conselhos Regionais de Psicologia. Considera-se que a formação acadêmica em Psicologia deve ser analisada em suas relações de poder, escapando à perspectiva utilitarista focada no exercício técnico-instrumental. Para tanto, deve contemplar o desenvolvimento intelectual dos alunos, preparando-os para atuar frente aos desafios e dilemas com que vão se deparar no cotidiano de suas práticas.
Modos de vida da população em situação de rua: inventando táticas nas ruas de Vitória/ES
Authors: Kunz Gilderlândia Silva , Heckert Ana Lucia , Carvalho Silvia Vasconcelos
Published: February 2015

Este artigo visa compartilhar análises acerca dos modos de vida da população de rua. A pesquisa realizada abarcou três momentos: o primeiro visou uma aproximação com moradores de rua para mapear as políticas que atravessam a vida nas ruas; o segundo objetivou o mapeamento dos grupos em situação de rua, destacando as paisagens urbanas com as quais efetua relações sociais; um terceiro momento: em que conversamos de forma mais detalhada com alguns moradores de rua acerca das táticas e astúcias que tecem em seu cotidiano de vida. A pesquisa mostrou que a população de rua reinventa espaços e objetos em seu cotidiano de vida nas ruas, driblando proibições e limites, ressignificando objetos, lugares e usos, bem como produzindo desenhos variados no tecido urbano. A pesquisa também evidenciou as práticas de intolerância e violência contra a população em situação de rua, bem como a violação de seus direitos sociais e políticos.
O nascimento da biopolítica das drogas e a arte liberal de governar
Authors: Souza Tadeu de Paula
Published: February 2015

O presente artigo aborda alguns vetores constitutivos da genealogia das drogas enquanto um problema de ordem política, tendo como conceitos centrais biopolítica e governamentalidade. Articulando estes dois conceitos com contribuições de pesquisas sobre a história das políticas de drogas no ocidente, tecemos uma trama que que demarca o processo de constituição das drogas enquanto um objeto de interesse político e estatal. Nessa genealogia da biopolítica das drogas, pudemos explorar aparentes contradições em torno do exercício de fazer viver e fazer morrer que se efetivam através das políticas de drogas. A partir do dispositivo da sexualidade e do tema do racismo pode-se acompanhar as variações e funções estratégicas que as políticas de repressão às drogas cumpriu ao longo do século XX. Desta forma, traçamos um diagrama que emerge com o nascimento do cristianismo e se consolida com a arte de governar liberal.
Quantification of the least limiting water range in an oxisol using two methodological strategies
Authors: Moreira Wagner Henrique , Tormena Cássio Antônio , Betioli Junior Edner , Figueiredo Getulio Coutinho , Silva Álvaro Pires da , Giarola Neyde Fabíola Balarezo
Published: February 2015

The least limiting water range (LLWR) has been used as an indicator of soil physical quality as it represents, in a single parameter, the soil physical properties directly linked to plant growth, with the exception of temperature. The usual procedure for obtaining the LLWR involves determination of the water retention curve (WRC) and the soil resistance to penetration curve (SRC) in soil samples with undisturbed structure in the laboratory. Determination of the WRC and SRC using field measurements (in situ ) is preferable, but requires appropriate instrumentation. The objective of this study was to determine the LLWR from the data collected for determination of WRC and SRC in situ using portable electronic instruments, and to compare those determinations with the ones made in the laboratory. Samples were taken from the 0.0-0.1 m layer of a Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Oxisol). Two methods were used for quantification of the LLWR: the traditional, with measurements made in soil samples with undisturbed structure; and in situ , with measurements of water content (θ), soil water potential (Ψ), and soil resistance to penetration (SR) through the use of sensors. The in situ measurements of θ, Ψ and SR were taken over a period of four days of soil drying. At the same time, samples with undisturbed structure were collected for determination of bulk density (BD). Due to the limitations of measurement of Ψ by tensiometer, additional determinations of θ were made with a psychrometer (in the laboratory) at the Ψ of -1500 kPa. The results show that it is possible to determine the LLWR by the θ, Ψ and SR measurements using the suggested approach and instrumentation. The quality of fit of the SRC was similar in both strategies. In contrast, the θ and Ψ in situ measurements, associated with those measured with a psychrometer, produced a better WRC description. The estimates of the LLWR were similar in both methodological strategies. The quantification of LLWR in situ can be achieved in 10 % of the time required for the traditional method.
Comparing the artificial neural network with parcial least squares for prediction of soil organic carbon and pH at different moisture content levels using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Tekin Yücel , Tümsavas Zeynal , Mouazen Abdul Mounem
Published: February 2015

Visible and near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy is widely used to detect soil properties. The objective of this study is to evaluate the combined effect of moisture content (MC) and the modeling algorithm on prediction of soil organic carbon (SOC) and pH. Partial least squares (PLS) and the Artificial neural network (ANN) for modeling of SOC and pH at different MC levels were compared in terms of efficiency in prediction of regression. A total of 270 soil samples were used. Before spectral measurement, dry soil samples were weighed to determine the amount of water to be added by weight to achieve the specified gravimetric MC levels of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 %. A fiber-optic vis-NIR spectrophotometer (350-2500 nm) was used to measure spectra of soil samples in the diffuse reflectance mode. Spectra preprocessing and PLS regression were carried using Unscrambler® software. Statistica® software was used for ANN modeling. The best prediction result for SOC was obtained using the ANN (RMSEP = 0.82 % and RPD = 4.23) for soil samples with 25 % MC. The best prediction results for pH were obtained with PLS for dry soil samples (RMSEP = 0.65 % and RPD = 1.68) and soil samples with 10 % MC (RMSEP = 0.61 % and RPD = 1.71). Whereas the ANN showed better performance for SOC prediction at all MC levels, PLS showed better predictive accuracy of pH at all MC levels except for 25 % MC. Therefore, based on the data set used in the current study, the ANN is recommended for the analyses of SOC at all MC levels, whereas PLS is recommended for the analysis of pH at MC levels below 20 %.
Capacidade máxima de adsorção de fósforo e constante de energia em Latossolo Bruno em razão de diferentes ajustes do modelo Langmuir
Authors: Oliveira Clovisson Menotti Boeira de , Gatiboni Luciano Colpo , Miquelluti David José , Smyth Thomas Jot , Almeida Jaime Antonio
Published: February 2015

A capacidade máxima de adsorção de fósforo (CMAP) é um parâmetro bastante útil para caracterizar a capacidade de adsorção de fósforo (P) do solo e, por isso, o modelo de Langmuir, que possibilita essa estimativa, é bastante difundido. Porém, se o ajuste da equação for realizado por modelos não lineares ou linearizados, ou se forem escolhidos modelos de região única ou múltiplas, nem sempre os valores estimados da CMAP e da constante de energia de ligação (k) são semelhantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do uso de diferentes métodos de ajuste do modelo de Langmuir sobre os valores estimados de CMAP e k. Para isso, utilizouse um único solo de alta capacidade de adsorção de P, o qual foi misturado a quantidades crescentes de areia lavada, construindo-se sistemas com capacidades de sorção crescentes, mas com a fase sólida constituída da mesma mineralogia. Foi utilizado solo do horizonte B de um Latossolo Bruno com 800 g kg-1 de argila, o qual foi misturado com areia em quantidades para obterem-se solos artificiais com 0, 200, 400, 600 e 800 g kg-1 de argila. Esses solos artificiais foram incubados por 30 dias com calcário para elevar o pH(H2O) até 6,0 e, após, foram secos em estufa e peneirados. Foram realizadas as isotermas de adsorção e os dados ajustados pelo modelo de Langmuir, usando os seguintes métodos: NLin - não linear com região única; L-1R - linearização com região única; L-2RG - linearização com duas regiões, ajuste gráfico; L-3RG - linearização com três regiões, ajuste gráfico; L-2RE linerização com duas regiões, ajuste estatístico. Os resultados evidenciaram que todos os métodos utilizados estimaram valores de CMAP proporcionais ao teor de argila dos solos e poderiam ser usados para caracterizar os solos. Contudo, quando utilizados ajustes com mais de uma região de adsorção, os valores da CMAP para a última região foram sensivelmente superiores àqueles observados após a incubação do solo com doses de P em um teste adicional. Isso indica que a CMAP da última região deve ser evitada como caracterizadora da capacidade de adsorção do solo. Conforme era esperado, os valores de k foram proporcionais aos teores de argila do solo na primeira (ou única) região dos modelos linearizados; contudo, não seguiram essa tendência no modelo não linear, recomendando-se cautela na interpretação da constante k ajustada por modelos não lineares.
Decomposição e liberação de macronutrientes da palhada de milho e braquiária, sob integração lavoura-pecuária no cerrado baiano
Authors: Santos Flávia Cristina dos , Albuquerque Filho Manoel Ricardo de , Vilela Lourival , Ferreira Gilvan Barbosa , Carvalho Maria da Conceição Santana , Viana João Herbert Moreira
Published: February 2015

O conhecimento da dinâmica de decomposição e liberação de nutrientes em sistemas de produção é de grande importância para o manejo da fertilidade do solo e para a economia de recursos. Dessa forma, foi conduzido um experimento em solo de Cerrado do oeste baiano com o objetivo de estudar a decomposição e liberação de macronutrientes da palhada de milho mais Brachiaria ruziziensis , sob sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP). As avaliações foram realizadas por meio de litterbags coletadas aos 0, 15, 40, 110, 170 e 220 dias após a dessecação da palhada, que ocorreu em outubro de 2008. A matéria seca total inicial foi de aproximadamente 6,6 Mg ha-1, com meia-vida de 115 dias. A liberação de nutrientes desse volume de palhada, com o respectivo percentual em relação à quantidade total de nutrientes acumulada na planta, até o final das avaliações foi de 29,3 (62 %); 7,8 (80 %); 42,2 (94 %); 48,6 (74 %); 17,0 (81 %); e 7,7 (79 %) kg ha-1 de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, respectivamente. Esses resultados auxiliam o manejo da adubação das culturas e se traduz em economia de recursos. Como exemplo e transformando-se as quantidades de nutrientes liberadas até os 110 dias, período de certa coincidência com o florescimento da cultura sucessora principal, pelos três principais macronutrientes (N, P e K) em quantidade de adubos, ter-se-ia uma economia de R$ 243,00 ha-1.
Cover plants and mineral nitrogen: effects on organic matter fractions in an oxisol under no-tillage in the cerrado
Authors: Santos Isis Lima dos , Caixeta Carla Ferreira , Sousa Alex Antônio Torres Cortês de , Figueiredo Cícero Célio de , Ramos Maria Lucrécia Gerosa , Carvalho Arminda Moreira de
Published: February 2015

Cover plants are essential for the sustainability of no-tillage systems in tropical regions. However, information on the effects of these plants and N fertilization on soil organic matter fractions is still scarce. This study evaluated the effect of cover crops with different chemical composition and of N topdressing on the labile and humified organic matter fractions of an Oxisol of the Cerrado (savanna-like vegetation). The study in a randomized complete block design was arranged in split-plots with three replications. Four cover species were tested in the plots and the presence or absence of N topdressing in the subplot. The following cover species were planted in succession to corn for eight years: Urochloa ruziziensis; Canavalia brasiliensis M. ex Benth; Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp; and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. In general, the cultivation of U. ruziziensis increased soil C levels, particularly of C in the humic acid and particulate organic C fractions, which are quality indicators of soil organic matter. The C in humic substances and mineral organic C accounted for the highest proportions of total organic C, demonstrating the strong interaction between organic matter, Fe and Al oxides and kaolinite, which are predominant in these weathered soils of the Cerrado.
Erodibilidade de um Cambissolo Húmico sob chuva natural
Authors: Schick Jefferson , Bertol Ildegardis , Cogo Neroli Pedro , González Antonio Paz
Published: February 2015

A estimativa de perdas de solo é fundamental para o planejamento conservacionista. Com essa finalidade, destaca-se no Brasil o uso da Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo (USLE), para cuja utilização há escassez de dados obtidos de acordo com o método-padrão desse modelo. Entre os fatores que compõem a USLE, a erodibilidade do solo (fator K) é de difícil obtenção em razão da necessidade de conduzir experimentos em campo por longo tempo sob chuva natural. Com o objetivo de quantificar a erodibilidade do solo em um Cambissolo Húmico em Lages, SC, utilizando-se do método-padrão da USLE, quantificaram-se a erosividade (EI30) das chuvas naturais e as respectivas perdas de solo durante o período de 1993 a 2012. A erodibilidade foi determinada pelo quociente entre essas variáveis e pela regressão linear simples dessas. O valor de erodibilidade anual estimado pelo quociente e pela regressão linear simples entre as perdas de solo e as erosividades foi respectivamente de 0,0175 e 0,0172 Mg ha h ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1. A erodibilidade nos períodos de primavera-verão e outono-inverno apresentou pequenas variações em relação à média anual. A erodibilidade mensal variou de 0,0083 Mg ha h ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1 no mês de dezembro a 0,0241 Mg ha h ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1, no mês de abril. Ao longo do período de tempo avaliado, a erodibilidade anual evidenciou maior incremento nos anos iniciais e menor incremento nos anos finais.
Transfer of cadmium and barium from soil to crops grown in tropical soils
Authors: Melo Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo , Silva Evandro Barbosa da , Alleoni Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú
Published: February 2015

Phytotoxicity and transfer of potentially toxic elements, such as cadmium (Cd) or barium (Ba), depend on the availability of these elements in soils and on the plant species exposed to them. With this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Cd and Ba application rates on yields of pea (Pisum sativum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and maize (Zea mays L.) grown under greenhouse conditions in an Oxisol and an Entisol with contrasting physical and chemical properties, and to correlate the amount taken up by plants with extractants commonly used in routine soil analysis, along with transfer coefficients (Bioconcentration Factor and Transfer Factor) in different parts of the plants. Plants were harvested at flowering stage and measured for yield and Cd or Ba concentrations in leaves, stems, and roots. The amount of Cd accumulated in the plants was satisfactorily evaluated by both DTPA and Mehlich-3 (M-3). Mehlich-3 did not relate to Ba accumulated in plants, suggesting it should not be used to predict Ba availability. The transfer coefficients were specific to soils and plants and are therefore not recommended for direct use in risk assessment models without taking soil properties and group of plants into account.
Tratamento conservativo e cirúrgico em 22 ruminantes com fraturas em membros
Authors: Câmara Antônio Carlos Lopes , Calado Eraldo Barbosa , Antunes João Marcelo A. de Paula , Oliveira Camila Marinho de M. , Afonso José Augusto Bastos , Costa Nivaldo de Azevêdo
Published: February 2015

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar os principais locais de fraturas em membros de 22 ruminantes e determinar a eficiência dos tratamentos utilizados. Foram incluídos no estudo oito caprinos, oito ovinos e seis bovinos Em casos de fraturas distais, o tratamento conservativo com imobilização foi o método de eleição. Em casos de fraturas proximais e fraturas expostas de metatarso ou metacarpo, os ruminantes foram tratados cirurgicamente. Observou-se maior frequência de fraturas envolvendo o metacarpo ou metatarso (54,5%), seguido por fraturas de tíbia (22,7%), fêmur (9%) e casos isolados de fraturas de falange medial, úmero, rádio e ulna (4,5% cada). O índice de recuperação total alcançou 95,4%. A imobilização com gesso associada à tala de Thomas, ou apenas com talas de madeira em animais jovens, foi eficiente na redução de fraturas de metacarpo, metatarso, tíbia, úmero e rádio nos ruminantes tratados. Enquanto no caso de fratura de falange medial, a imobilização com uso apenas de gesso foi suficiente para proporcionar reparação óssea adequada. A fixação esquelética externa ou interna deve ser considerada uma opção no tratamento de fraturas metacárpicas, metatársicas, tibiais e femorais em ruminantes, principalmente quando o animal for de baixo peso corporal.
Um emaranhado de casos: tráfico de drogas, estado e precariedade em moradias populares
Authors: Birman Patrícia , Fernandes Adriana , Pierobon Camila
Published: February 2015

O antigo centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro atualmente é alvo de uma política de reurbanização que visa minimizar ou mesmo eliminar dessa região as formas de trabalho, de comércio e de moradia populares que lhe garantiram até hoje uma grande vitalidade. A descrição etnográfica do processo de desmantelamento da vida social em curso nessa região enfocou primordialmente as dificuldades dos moradores para uma ocupação autogestionária, ali existente desde o início dos anos 2000. Analisamos esse processo através das formas de governabilidade postas em prática, que incluíram como um ator relevante o grupo do tráfico de drogas dominante na região. As conse quências produzidas por esse megaprojeto, dirigido por um consórcio de empreiteiras e por atores públicos e privados associados ao governo do estado, tem como fio condutor o trabalho etnográfico efetuado na Ocupação Nelson Mandela.
Translocation and radiotelemetry monitoring of black-tailed marmosets, Callithrix (Mico) melanura(É. Geoffroy in Humboldt), in a wildlife rescue operation in Brazil
Authors: Marques AAB. , Schneider M. , Alho CJR.
Published: February 2015

Five black-tailed marmoset Callithrix (Mico) melanura (Primates - Callitrichidae) individuals were monitored by radiotelemetry as part of a project on translocated wildlife affected by flooding the Manso River reservoir in the state of Mato Grosso, western Brazil (14° 52' S and 55° 48' W). The animals were monitored for eight months from October 2000 through August 2001. Only one death was recorded among the translocated animals. Two pairs established their home ranges in the new area, after some exploratory behavior. The new home range sizes varied from 0.72 to 4.27 km². The home ranges of male and female overlapped in the case of both pairs by 0.59 to 2.30 km². Trips were always made in pairs and not individually. The results indicate the feasibility of a successful translocation program for this species, as long as the animals are translocated to a similar habitat nearby.