bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GVHD: biology matters
Authors: Ferrara James L. M. , Chaudhry Mohammed S.
Published: November 2018

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) targets the crypts in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that are responsible for the self-renewal of the intestinal mucosa. Recent advances in the identification and culture of intestinal stem cells have improved our understanding of the interactions between the microbiome and the immune system (both innate and adaptive) that are key to the pathophysiology of GVHD. The identification of serum biomarkers that best predict long-term GVHD outcomes derive from the GI tract and have focused attention on cellular elements that act as shields against GVHD as well as its targets. These biomarkers have illuminated new mechanisms of crypt biology and provided insights that should prove useful both in the design of clinical trials and as guides to GVHD prevention and treatment.
American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Cuker Adam , Arepally Gowthami M. , Chong Beng H. , Cines Douglas B. , Greinacher Andreas , Gruel Yves , Linkins Lori A. , Rodner Stephen B. , Selleng Sixten , Warkentin Theodore E. , Wex Ashleigh , Mustafa Reem A. , Morgan Rebecca L. , Santesso Nancy
Published: November 2018

In February 2022, these guidelines were reviewed by an expert work group convened by ASH. Review included limited searches for new evidence and discussion of the search results. Following this review, the ASH Committee on Quality agreed to continue monitoring the supporting evidence rather than revise or retire these guidelines at this time. Limited searches and expert review will be repeated annually going forward until these guidelines are revised or retired.
Abnormally elevated USP37 expression in breast cancer stem cells regulates stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cisplatin sensitivity
Authors: Qin Tao , Li Bai , Feng Xiaoyue , Fan Shujun , Liu Lei , Liu Dandan , Mao Jun , Lu Ying , Yang Jinfeng , Yu Xiaotang , Zhang Qingqing , Zhang Jun , Song Bo , Li Man , Li Lianhong
Published: November 2018

Background

Recent studies have indicated that deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are related to the stem-cell pathway network and chemo-resistance in cancer. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 37 (USP37), a novel DUB, was identified to be a potential factor associated with tumor progression. However, the biological functions of USP37 in breast cancer remain unclear.

Methods

The distribution of USP37 expression in breast cancer and the correlation between USP37 expression and the overall survival rate were detected by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was utilized to evaluate potential mechanism of USP37 in breast cancer. The USP37 expression in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Sorting of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) were by using MACS assay. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to examine the biological functions of USP37 in breast cancer cells. MG132, CHX chase, immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to test the interaction between USP37 and Gli-1.

Results

Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that USP37 gene was elevated in breast cancer tissues and its overexpression was strongly correlated with the increased mortality rate. GSEA analysis showed that USP37 expression was positively associated with cell growth and metastasis while negatively related to cell apoptosis in the TCGA breast cancer samples. USP37 expression was elevated in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, we also detected that USP37 was overexpressed in BCSCs. USP37 regulated the ability of cell invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness and cisplatin sensitivity in breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, USP37 knockdown inhibited tumorigenicity and increased anticancer effect of cisplatin in vivo. Knockdown of USP37 significantly decreased hedgehog (Hh) pathway components Smo and Gli-1. Gli-1 was stabilized by USP37 and they interacted with each other. Further studies indicated that USP37 knockdown could inhibit the stemness, cell invasion and EMT in breast cancer via downregulation of Hh pathway.

Conclusions

These findings reveal that USP37 is highly expressed in BCSCs and is correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. USP37 can regulate the stemness, cell invasion and EMT via Hh pathway, and decreased USP37 confers sensitivity to cisplatin in breast cancer cells. USP37 is required for the regulation of breast cancer progression, as well as a critical target for clinical treatment of breast cancer.
Improved region growing algorithm for the calibration of flaking deterioration in ancient temple murals
Authors: Cao Jianfang , Li Yanfei , Cui Hongyan , Zhang Qi
Published: November 2018

Ancient murals are vulnerable to varying degrees of damage due to long-term exposure to external environmental factors such as light, temperature and humidity. Enabling people to appreciate the original features of murals has become a concern for field experts. The development of computer technology makes it possible to use intelligent information processing to simulate and restore ancient murals. This paper proposes an improved region growing algorithm based on threshold segmentation to automatically calibrate the flaking-related deterioration of murals in response to erosion by taking temple murals from the Song Dynasty in Kaihua Temple as the study object. First, we analyze the color characteristics of the flaking area, mark the suspected flaking-damaged points by threshold segmentation, and use these points as seeds for the area growth and expansion of the flaking area. We then calculate the color mask. Next, in the YCbCr and HSV color spaces, the brightness, chroma, and saturation characteristics of the flaking area are analyzed. The masks for the brightness, chroma, and saturation of the flaking area are obtained by threshold segmentation, and all the feature masks are merged. Finally, the mask of the flaking area obtained by data fusion is added to the original image to calibrate the flaking deterioration. Compared with current calibration algorithms based on multiscale mural deterioration, the experimental results show that the average error and error standard deviation of the proposed calibration algorithm are 1.91 and 1.82, respectively, without noise and 1.97 and 1.85, respectively, with noise. The errors are reduced, and the calibration performance is improved and stable. This work provides a good foundation for the virtual and practical restoration of ancient murals.
A new inner-city specialist programme reduces readmission rates in frequently admitted patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Macritchie Karine , Mantingh Tim , Hidalgo-Mazzei Diego , Bourne Sarah , Borthwick Emma , Young Allan H.
Published: November 2018

Aims and method

The OPTIMA mood disorders service is a newly established specialist programme for people with bipolar disorder requiring frequent admissions. This audit compared data on hospital admissions and home treatment team (HTT) spells in patients before entry to and after discharge from the core programme. We included patients admitted between April 2015 and March 2017 who were subsequently discharged. Basic demographic data and numbers of admissions and HTT spells three years before and after discharge were collected and analysed.

Results

Thirty patients who completed the programme were included in the analyses. The median monthly rate of hospital admissions after OPTIMA was significantly reduced compared with the rate prior to the programme. HTT utilisation was numerically reduced, but this difference was not statistically significant.

Clinical implications

These results highlight the effectiveness and importance of individually tailored, specialist care for patients with bipolar disorder following discharge from hospital.

Declaration of interest

None.
Breast Cancer Research in the Caribbean: Analysis of Reports From 1975 to 2017
Authors: Ragin Camille , Banydeen Rishika , Zhang Christine , Ben Athena , Calabrese Victoria , Villa Nina N. , Reville Jade , Dasgupta Shaoni , Bandyopadhyay Mausumi , Louden Delroy , Dasgupta Subhajit
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Breast cancer is among the leading causes of death resulting from cancer in Caribbean women. Studies examining exogenous and genetically predetermined endogenous risk factors are critical to define breast cancer susceptibility in Caribbean women. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the existing scientific literature in the last 42 years (1975 to 2017) to describe the body of research generated for the population of this region and determine future research directions.

Methods

We selected published research articles using a combination of definite keyword searches in PubMed. Only articles presenting the Caribbean population as the focus of their research objectives were included in this analysis.

Results

Studies on breast cancer in the Caribbean are limited. A majority of publications on Caribbean populations were descriptive, focusing on cancer trends and clinicopathologic factors. High incidence and mortality rates for breast cancer are reported for the region, and there seem to be some differences between countries in the frequency of cases according to age at presentation. A limited number of epidemiologic, behavioral, and genetic and molecular studies were conducted in more recent years.

Conclusion

A regional strategy for cancer registration is needed for the Caribbean to address possible underestimates of breast cancer incidence. Furthermore, behavioral, molecular, genetic, and epidemiologic investigations of breast cancer are critical to address the concerns related to currently described high incidence and mortality rates in the Caribbean.
Mendelian segregation of leaf phenotypes in experimental F2hybrids elucidates origin of morphological diversity of the apomicticRanunculus auricomuscomplex
Authors: Hodač Ladislav , Barke Birthe H. , Hörandl Elvira
Published: November 2018

Apomictic plant complexes exhibit a stunning morphological diversity. TheRanunculus auricomuscomplex with more than 800 morphologically recognized asexual species and just 4 known sexual species is a model group to study origins of high morphological diversity in asexually reproducing lineages. During the Pleistocene, the sexuals of theR. auricomuscomplex diverged in Central Europe into two morphological groups of contrasting basal leaf phenotypes, the undivided forms represented by diploidR. carpaticolaand the deeply divided forms represented by diploidR. notabilis. An experimental interspecific crossing ofR. carpaticola×R. notabilisrevealed an extensive phenotypic diversity of the sexually formed F2hybrid generation. We hypothesize that apomictic species of the EuropeanR. auricomuscomplex might have established from hybrid derivatives ofcarpaticola‐andnotabilis‐like sexual ancestors. Here we investigate segregation of F2basal leaf phenotypes from experimentalR. carpaticola×R. notabiliscrosses. We tested the hypothesis whether F2hybrid leaf phenotypes segregate in a Mendelian manner and whether any segregant phenotypes matchR. variabilis, an apomictic species and natural hybrid derivative ofR. notabilis. Using landmark‐based geometric morphometrics of basal leaves, we recognized two major morphological clusters within theR. carpaticola×R. notabilisF2hybrid population. Thecarpaticola‐like morphological cluster included undivided or less‐divided leaf phenotypes without lateral sinuses and thenotabilis‐like morphological cluster contained deeply divided leaf phenotypes with 1–2 lateral sinuses. The overall ratio of the both morphological clusters within the F2hybrid population was approximately 1 : 1, suggesting Mendelian inheritance and partial dominance of the allele for the divided leaf phenotype. The morphological cluster of divided leaf phenotypes included 11% of F2individuals with a higher similarity to the apomictic speciesR. variabilisthan to the parental sexuals. Thevariabilis‐like F2segregant phenotypes often resulted from F1 crosses ofcarpaticola‐like mother plants withnotabilis‐like pollen donors; such crossing lines reached the highest morphological disparity. Equivalent hybridizations in nature followed by Mendelian segregation of phenotypes, which became later on fixed via the shift to apomictic reproduction, might have established the extant diversity of apomictic complexes. Microsatellite genotyping with six SSR loci revealed no correlation of genetic and phenotypic variation. We conclude that former “morpho‐groups” or “main species” based on phenotypic similarity only are unsuitable units for taxonomic classification.
Sexual intraspecific recombination but not de novo origin governs the genesis of new apomictic genotypes in Potentilla puberula (Rosaceae)
Authors: Nardi Flavia Domizia , Dobeš Christoph , Müller Dorothee , Grasegger Tobias , Myllynen Tuuli , Alonso-Marcos Henar , Tribsch Andreas
Published: November 2018

Apomixis – asexual reproduction via seeds – might arise de novo following polyploidisation events, or via reproductive transfer of apomixis. Both processes can be obtained within species or via hybridisation. We aimed to determine the origin of apomictic genotypes in Potentilla puberula, a rosaceous species showing reproductive differentiation with ploidy: sexual tetraploids and apomictic pentato octoploids, which regularly co‐occur in sympatry. The study is based on 726 individuals, comprising all cytotypes, collected from 138 populations in the Eastern European Alps. We established relationships of cytotypes based on AFLP fingerprinting and cpDNA sequencing to test (1) whether the apomicts are of recurrent allopolyploid origin or originated from within the species via autopolyploidy, and (2) whether there are indications for reproductive transfer versus de novo origin of apomixis. Three principal pathways were identified which explain the origin of new apomictic genotypes, all involving at least one apomictic parent and thus compatible with the idea of reproductive transfer of the apomictic trait to the progeny: (1) self‐fertilisation of unreduced egg cells in apomicts; (2) cross‐fertilisation among apomicts; and (3) occasionally, heteroploid crosses among sexuals and apomicts. Autopolyploids derived from tetraploid sexuals were repeatedly observed, but did not express apomixis. Finally, our results suggest no role of other species in the origin of extant apomictic genotypes of P. puberula, although local hybrids with P. crantzii were identified. In conclusion, our results show that the formation of new apomictic genotypes required a genetic contribution from at least one apomictic parent. This finding is in accordance with the idea that apomixis is inheritable in P. puberula. On the contrary, lack of apomixis in penta‐ and hexaploids derived from sexual backgrounds did not support the hypothesis of a de novo origin of apomixis. Relatively high frequency of remnant sexuality in the apomicts involving different cytological pathways of seed formation can explain their high cytological and genotypic diversity. Finally, lack of global introgression from a third taxon is in support of P. puberula as a concise, although highly diverse, species.
Pollen precedence in sexual Potentilla puberula and its role as a protective reproductive barrier against apomictic cytotypes
Authors: Alonso-Marcos Henar , Hülber Karl , Myllynen Tuuli , Pérez Rodríguez Patricia , Dobeš Christoph
Published: November 2018

Cross‐pollination is a major factor determining the demographic dynamics of mixed‐ploidy populations. Typically, rare cytotypes are suppressed due to reduced female fertility by losing gametes in heteroploid crosses (i.e., through minority cytotype exclusion). In species with reproductive differentiation into sexual and apomictic cytotypes, sexuals might be reproductively suppressed by apomicts (or transformed due to introgression of apomixis genes). Pollen precedence potentially acts as a post‐pollination pre‐fertilization barrier protecting sexuals against their apomictic counterparts. We estimated the role of pollen precedence as a barrier against cross‐fertilization of tetraploid sexuals by penta‐ and heptaploid gametophytic apomicts in Potentilla puberula (Rosaceae) by means of controlled crosses, and inference of the paternity through DNA ploidy estimation of embryos. Individuals from five regions spanning an elevational and biogeographic gradient were used to account for the variation in the relative frequencies of reproductive modes across the study area. We tested (1) whether the application of heteroploid pollen (sexual × apomictic) causes a reduction of seed yield compared to homoploid crosses (sexual × sexual), and (2) if so, whether pollen precedence recovers the seed yield in simultaneous applications of pollen from sexuals and apomicts (mixed‐ploidy). Seed yield was significantly lower in heterothan in homoploid crosses. We found clear evidence for precedence of homoploid pollen, despite a 13% to 15% of embryos experienced a change in ploidy due to heteroploid fertilizations. Thus, our study indicates that pollen precedence operates as a barrier against intercytotype fertilization in P. puberula, promoting the integrity of the sexual cytotype and their co‐existence with apomictic individuals.
Quality of Audit Services and Requirements of International Auditing Standards
Authors: Лосева Н. , Loseva N.
Published: November 2018

Th e article examines the concept of audit quality and its key elements, the requirements of international audit standards for audit quality control, elements of the quality control system, professional ethics and audit quality, and the content of the principle of independence.
Principles of Formation of Opinion by the Auditor on the Compliance with the Continuity of the Audited Entity
Authors: Юдинцева Л. , Yudintseva L.
Published: November 2018

Th is article presents an algorithm for forming an auditor’s opinion at the stage of studying information about the continuity of the audited entity, taking into account the relevant consequences for the audit opinion.
How Price Dispersion Changes When Upgrades Are Introduced: Theory and Empirical Evidence from the Airline Industry
Authors: Cui Yao , Orhun A. Yeşim , Duenyas Izak
Published: November 2018

This paper studies the effect of introducing a new vertical differentiation strategy, paying for an upgrade to a premium product after purchasing the base product, on the price dispersion of the base product arising from existing price discrimination strategies. In particular, we examine how a major U.S. airline’s price dispersion in the coach cabin changes after introducing the option to upgrade to a new type of premium economy seating within the coach cabin. We first provide a theoretical analysis that highlights two competing pressures that the new premium economy seating upgrades created on coach class prices. On the one hand, the airline benefits from lowering its prices because by allowing more customers to purchase in the first place, it increases the probability of selling upgrades (admission effect). On the other hand, for some customers, the value of flying with the airline increases because of the upgrade availability, therefore the airline may find it optimal to increase its prices (valuation effect). In the second part of the paper, we conduct an empirical investigation of the impact of upgrade introduction on coach class prices, based on a proprietary transaction-level data set from a major U.S. airline company. The empirical analysis tests the main predictions of our theoretical model and examines further nuances. The results show that the introduction of the premium economy seating upgrades is associated with an increase in the price dispersion and revenues in the coach class, the admission effect is stronger than the valuation effect on the low end of the price distribution, and the opposite is true on the high end of the price distribution. Finally, we discuss implications of our results for firm revenues and consumer welfare.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
A crise teleológica das ciências modernas em Edmund Husserl
Authors: Vieira Marcelo Rosa
Published: November 2018

O tema a ser tratado aqui é a questão da história da crise teleológica das ciências modernas no pensamento tardio de Edmund Husserl. Tomaremos como referência, para essa tarefa, a obra tardia do filósofo: “A crise das ciências europeias e a fenomenologia transcendental”, na qual ele assume o ponto de vista de que as ciências europeias atravessam uma grave crise de sentido desde a revolução científica no século XVII. Época na qual tais ciências, reduzindo o mundo ao conjunto dos fatos para poder medi-lo, quantificá-lo, determiná-lo, perdem de vista a subjetividade e já não se tornam mais capazes de dar um significado para a existência humana.
ANÁLISE EPISTEMOLÓGICA DAS CONCEPÇÕES DE RELAÇÃO ENTRE CIÊNCIA E RELIGIÃO DE PÓS-GRADUANDOS DO INSTITUTO DE BIOFÍSICA DA UFRJ.
Authors: Da Silva Vinícius Carvalho
Published: November 2018

Neste trabalho analisamos quatro tipos de relação entre ciência e fé religiosa, adotando como parâmetro os modelos elaborados pelo biólogo molecular Dennis Alexander. Conforme tais modelos, os tipos mais comuns de relacionamento entre os dois sistemas de crenças e práticas são o conflito, não interferência, fusão e complementaridade. Em 2017 aplicamos questionários com questões sobre natureza da ciência e relação entre ciência e fé para jovens pesquisadores, estudantes de doutorado e mestrado, do Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, com o intuito de verificar suas concepções de relação entre ciência e fé com base nos modelos teóricos aqui adotados. A segunda parte deste trabalho consiste em uma análise estatística e conceitual dos resultados obtidos.
Let’s talk Makaton
Authors: Drew Sarah
Published: November 2018

Sarah Drew, Makaton Friendly co-ordinator, explains how the communcation system works
Zero Tolerance
Authors: Macgregor Tommy
Published: November 2018

‘Always treat people the way you'd like to be treated’ so the adage suggests. However, as true as this statement is, it can be incredibly difficult to do so at times. Tommy MacGregor investigates the issues surrounding equality and diversity
‘Trust us, we’re a dental team’
Authors: Memon Shaz
Published: November 2018

Shaz Memon suggests that reliability can be a great marketable commodity
Uganda calling
Authors: Pattni Jenni , Bhaskar
Published: November 2018

Dental nurse Jenni Pattni and her Ugandan-born husband Bhaskar (Baz) joined Dentaid recently to treat hundreds of people who have no other access to dental care in Uganda. Here, Jenni shares their experience
Fairground attraction
Authors: Vassell Petra
Published: November 2018

It's hard to imagine many party venues that light up a face in the way Happy Kids Dental can – and this paediatric dental practice is not just creating smiles in the chair. Here, one of its dental nurses Petra Vassell shares her experience
Conscious sedation training
Authors: Jones Andrew
Published: November 2018

Dentist Andrew Jones considers the added value and benefits to dental nurses and their patients
Oral care for head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Capaldi Francesca
Published: November 2018

When a patient is diagnosed with head and neck cancer, their oral health will likely be the last thing on their mind. Dentist Francesca Capaldi and dental nurse Catriona Arnott explain the best approach
Reversing gender policy progress: patterns of backsliding in Central and Eastern European new democracies
Authors: Roggeband Conny , Krizsán Andrea
Published: November 2018

Gender and politics literature has a strong focus on policy progress and the conditions that facilitate progressive change. Yet, increased opposition to gender equality makes it urgent to examine if and how current attacks affect existing gender-equality policies and institutions. We develop a conceptual framework to map patterns of backsliding of gender-equality policies. Empirically, we focus on Central and Eastern Europe as a notable example of backsliding. We find that rather than the direct dismantling of gender-equality policies, the core dimensions challenged by processes of backsliding are implementation and accountability. We argue that backsliding affects the legitimacy and effectiveness of existing laws and undermines democracy.
KERAGAMAN GENETIK ALANG-ALANG (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) BERDASARKAN MARKA INTER-SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS (ISSR)
Authors: Subositi Dyah , Widodo Harto
Published: November 2018

Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) has been widely used as a medicinal plant to treat some diseases, such as fever, headache, and diuretic. Nowadays, there is no information of genetic diversity of this plant used in herbal formula by ethnic groups in Indonesia. The main objective of this study was to asses genetic diversity of alang-alang from 18 selected ethnic groups in Indonesia based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR). Location of sample collection was identified by using data on Research on Medicinal Plant (Ristoja) 2012. Total DNA genome was isolated and ISSR primer screening were done on collected samples. Ten selected ISSR primers produced 74 amplified DNA fragments 58, fragments (78.4 %) were polymorphic. Dice index similarity was used to construct UPGMA dendrogram. The genetic similarity indexing which among accessions was ranged from 70.5–90.5% thereby indicating a low level of genetic diversity occurred in alang-alang. The results of this study also showed that ISSR markers were able to genetically differentiate alang-alang accessions by which this information can be useful for further researchs such as for standardization of medicinal plants.
PAKET PEMUPUKAN WORTEL PADA TANAH LEMPUNG LIAT BERPASIR DATARAN RENDAH DI PALANGKA RAYA - KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Firmansyah Muhammad Anang , Rahayu Wiwik , Liana Twenty
Published: November 2018

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is generally cultivated at uplands areas. However, for lowlands, technology of innovation related to fertilizing can be considered as the solution. This study was aimed to determine the appropriate fertilizer package, the variety of carrot adapted in rainy season, and sandy clay loam of the lowland areas in Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan. This study was designed by using a split plot exponential design consisting of main plot consisting of carrot varieties: (V1 = Kirana and V2 = Lokal Batu) and sub-plot, consisting of fertilizer packages (P0 = control, P1 = low. P2 = medium, P3 = High). The results showed that variety of Lokal Batu was more adaptive than Kirana for having higher tuber production. 16.95 g/plant (10.12 t/ha) and 16.33 g/plant (9.80 t/ha). The result showed that the highest production of 18.89 g/plant was obtained in a medium fertilizer package as compared to other fertilizer package. There was no significant interaction between carrot varieties and fertilizer packages. The trend showed that the fertilizer packages of P2 produced the highest yield of total weight of tuber production within each carrot variety of 10.36 ton/ha for Kirana and 12.31 ton/ha for Lokal Batu.
Epigenetic Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Gupta Shilpi , Kumar Prabhat , Maini Jayant , Kaur Harsimrut
Published: November 2018

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are the most prevalent and aggressive type of cancers. Genetic, epigenetic, environmental and viral risk-factors are associated with HNC carcinogenesis. Persistent infection of oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) represent distinct biological, molecular and epigenetic entities in HNCs. There are three main epigenetic mechanisms that regulate transcription, these are DNA methylation, histone modifications and alteration in non-coding RNA networks, which can dissected to identify innovative and accurate epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of HNC patients. Due to the lacunae of accurate distinctive biomarkers for the definite diagnosis of HNC, the identification of predictive epigenetic markers is necessary that might modify or increase HNC patient’s survival. In this mini review, we briefly summarize the current knowledge of different epigenetic biomarkers in HNC.
Reseña La crítica feminista bajo el signo del comparatismo
Authors: Guimarães Rafael Eisinger
Published: November 2018

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De Juanjo a Millás en El mundo
Authors: Fontalba Espejo Ana Pilar
Published: November 2018

En este artículo se propone un análisis crítico e interpretativo de la novela de Juan José Millás, El mundo (2010), como texto autoficcional en el que se pone de relieve el vínculo temático y formal entre autoficción y relato de infancia.
Colección Diaspore. Quaderni di ricerca, Venecia
Authors: Cecere Fabiola
Published: November 2018

La colección Diaspore. Quaderni di ricerca es un proyecto literario de la Università Ca’Foscari Venezia, nacido en 2012
Introducción al Dossier sobre Vigo
Authors: Barisone Ornela Soledad
Published: November 2018

Presentación del Dossier
Fernando Birri: cine-poesía
Authors: Franzoso Marco
Published: November 2018

Un hombre, Birri, cuya obra maestra es, sin duda alguna, su propia vida y cuya preocupación principal fue la de seguir (r)evolucionando: «una revolución que no revoluciona permanentemente sus lenguajes, alfabetos, gestos, miradas, involuciona o muere» (Ibíd.: 235), escribió.

Humanista contemporáneo, puso su arte al servicio del hombre: la cámara fue ojo, el micrófono oído y las palabras cerebro. «Cada error en la interpretación del hombre, comporta un error en la interpretación del mundo» se lee en su manifiesto Por un Nuevo Nuevo Cine latinoamericano (Ibíd.: 236).

En estas pocas páginas trataremos de tejer unas líneas para leer la vida-obra de Fernando Birri, focalizando la atención en la relación fundante entre cine y poesía.
Tecno–indigenismo. Martín Chambi y el duelo de las imágenes
Authors: Bernabé Mónica
Published: November 2018

La práctica fotográfica de Martín Chambi supone algo más que la realización de fotografías admirables. Es una operación de transculturación en el marco de una disputa semiótica por autoridad y legitimidad frente a la empresa de apropiación colonial que desde mediados del XIX venía realizando el registro cientificista de las regiones conquistadas gestionado por geógrafos, antropólogos, arqueólogos, misioneros, expedicionarios y empresarios. El contrapunto en el arte de Chambi se desata por el plus estético y afectivo con que retrata un territorio y produce una localidad en tensión con las demandas de los prototipos primitivistas del modernismo internacional. Habrá que cuidarse de reducir el análisis de las imágenes a sus temas, conceptos, esquemas clasificatorios, tipos. No nos proponemos explicarlas sino dar cuenta de los duelos, los desgarramientos y las tensiones que las atraviesan. Se trata de leer en ellas su carácter crítico para poder distinguir ―en los mudos documentos de archivos― las voces inaudibles, los reclamos perdidos, el desafío al patrón logocéntrico que descansa en la primacía de la palabra sobre la imagen. Desde esta perspectiva, lejos de ser ilustración o documento, la fotografía dialoga de manera singular con la masa discursiva agrupada bajo el rótulo de indigenismo.
Dos primaveras, ¿hacen verano? La institucionalización de la teoría literaria en la Argentina y sus relatos
Authors: Peller Diego
Published: November 2018

Este trabajo se propone caracterizar dos momentos clave en el proceso de institucionalización de la teoría literaria como disciplina en la Universidad de Buenos Aires y, debido a su impacto, en las universidades argentinas en un sentido más amplio: la efímera experiencia de 1973–1974 en el marco de las «cátedras nacionales» de la Universidad Nacional y Popular de Buenos Aires, y el seminario «Algunos Problemas de Teoría Literaria» dictado por Josefina Ludmer en 1985 en plena «primavera democrática» y refundación de la carrera de Letras. A partir de una lectura de los trabajos de Leonardo Funes (2009) y Annick Louis (2015) sobre estas dos experiencias emblemáticas, proponemos poner en cuestión las interpretaciones hegemónicas sobre las mismas, así como la posibilidad de fundamentar en narrativas históricas de este tipo un determinado lineamiento con respecto al presente y futuro de la teoría literaria en nuestro país.
Entre el ser y el siendo: identidad, latinidad y discurso
Authors: Jitrik Noé
Published: November 2018

Este trabajo, publicado originalmente en México, en 1986, expone una preocupación práctico–teórica central en aquel momento: cuáles son las tensiones que recorren la configuración de la literatura latinoamericana, determinando las claves de su «proceso constituyente». El texto discurre por dos de los caminos que tradicionalmente han seguido la historia y la crítica literaria. Por un lado, uno que actúa como si el surgimiento de la literatura de América Latina hubiese sido una construcción lógica y necesaria y, por el otro, el que a través de la acumulación de elementos concurrentes, de carácter explicativo, lee en ellos la base para que dicha construcción pueda darse. Asimismo, se sitúan algunos «rasgos de origen» ―intuiciones, esbozos de imágenes― que permiten elaborar una idea aproximada de los modos de configuración de este proceso desde «una acentuación» fuertemente argentina. Por otra parte, la expresión América Latina, es asumida en su carácter provisorio pero se arriesga sobre ella más de una interpretación.
Sobre: Una mañana boreal, de Carlos Battilana
Authors: Díaz Marcelo
Published: November 2018

Reseña de Una mañana boreal, de Carlos Battilana
Mägde, Migration und Mutterschaft
Authors: Richarz Monika
Published: November 2018

This article casts light on the situation of the 18th century Jewish underclass by using the example of maid servants. Serving as a maid was the most widespread occupation for Jewish women in the early modern era. Forced to migrate and to live unmarried in the house of a Schutzjude (Jew living under the protection of the authorities), maids were subjected to two rigid legal systems: the local Jewish law and the general law for menials that also applied to Christian servants. Because their families were often too poor to give them a dowry or to acquire authority protection, their chances of marriage were limited. And yet, Jewish maids had the highest number of illegitimate children, often fathered by middle-class Jews. Maids who became pregnant out of wedlock were branded as whores and dismissed. The councils of Jewish parishes were constantly involved in conflicts between parish members and migrant servants. Many maid servants tried to improve their difficult social situation by leaving Judaism.
Per scientiam ad iustitiam? Werk und Wirkung von Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935)
Authors: Mildenberger Florian G.
Published: November 2018

Magnus Hirschfeld was the trailblazer of modern sexology and he defined homosexuality as a variation in western sexual life - and no longer as a perversion or vice. Moreover, he campaigned for sexual liberation with petitions to the parliament, leaflets and even movies. He popularized terms that are still in use, such as »transsexualism« or »homosexuality«. But he also became an admirer of sexual eugenics. Lastly, he never achieved the decriminalization of homosexual desire and he also died without any successors. Throughout his life he saw himself as a German citizen. His Jewish background was more relevant to his enemies than to himself.
Mit den Schlittschuhen im Gepäck nach Lima
Authors: Kotowski Elke-Vera
Published: November 2018

The knowledge and tradition manifested especially in objects salvaged by refugees fleeing Germany after 1933 are not only reminders of the former homeland in exile, they also reflect it one-to-one (this is particularly apparent in the living and eating culture). These objects therefore become bearers of the old world’s cultural traditions.
How pinyin tone formats and character orthography influence Chinese learners’ tone acquisition
Authors: Chang Yufen
Published: November 2018

In L2 Chinese vocabulary instruction, the most conventional method of teaching is to present the new character, its English translation, and pinyin as a pronunciation guide to the segmental and tonal information. In this study focusing on tone formats and the presence of a phonetic radical, we investigated how these two aspects could impact tone acquisition. In the experiment, L2 Chinese participants of three proficiency levels learned 24 unfamiliar words, passed a criterion test with 90 % correctness, and completed a tone perception and production task. The results showed that the learners perceived and produced tones significantly better when characters were shown with tone diacritics and when the phonetic radical was reliable. The presence of pinyin with tone number did not facilitate tone acquisition more than the condition where pinyin was unavailable. The learners’ proficiency levels, only affecting the number of learning sessions required to pass the criterion test, did not correlate with their tone performance.
“My Story Bursts Forth…”: Re-visioning Female Subjecthood in Gendered Folktales in Northern Ghana
Authors: Yitah Helen
Published: November 2018

Der Aufsatz untersucht die Praxis gegenwärtigen Wiedererzählens von ghanaischen (Kasem) Volkserzählungen, die sich kritisch mit sozialen Rollen- und kulturellen Wertvorstellungen in den traditionellen Versionen auseinandersetzen. In den überlieferten Versionen werden übersinnliche Mächte angerufen, um Frauen zu bestrafen, die zu selbstständig handeln; damit wird weibliche Identität streng reguliert und begrenzt. In den neuen Versionen wenden die weiblichen Protagonistinnen das Prinzip des nantandia an, ein lokaler Kasem-Begriff, der Intelligenz, Initiative und Mut beinhaltet, und damit gleichzeitig den Einfluss der übersinnlichen Mächte beschneidet und die weibliche Individualität und Handlungsfähigkeit bestärkt.
Little Red Riding Hood in Sheep’s Clothing: A Psychoanalytic Reading of Angela Carter’sThe Werewolf
Authors: Atashi Laleh , Bakhshandeh Mohammad Hossein
Published: November 2018

Dieser Artikel versucht, Angela Carters KurzgeschichteThe Werewolfim Lichte der Lacan’schen Psychoanalyse zu interpretieren, und betrachtet die Reise des kleinen Mädchens in dieser Geschichte als einen Übergangsritus, dessen Ende der Imaginäre Orden ist. Die Initiation des Mädchens als Frau/Mutter findet nicht in dem Moment statt, in dem sie in die symbolische Ordnung eintritt, sondern als sie ihrer Großmutter nachfolgt. Der Werwolf hat starke intertextuelle Verbindungen mit Rotkäppchen. Die archetypischen Verweise auf die weibliche Natur in der Kurzgeschichte können als Versuch Carters interpretiert werden, die Grenzen im Märchen zu verschieben, um eine verschlingende Weiblichkeit– in alten Geschichten gezähmte – wiederzubeleben und sie im Werwolfmotiv zu reinkarnieren.
Large phase modulation of THz wave via an enhanced resonant active HEMT metasurface
Authors: Zhang Yaxin , Zhao Yuncheng , Liang Shixiong , Zhang Bo , Wang Lan , Zhou Tianchi , Kou Wei , Lan Feng , Zeng Hongxin , Han Jiaguang , Feng Zhihong , Chen Qin , Mazumder Pinaki , Yang Ziqiang
Published: November 2018

Terahertz (THz) science and technology promise unique applications in high-speed communications, high-accuracy imaging, and so on. To keep up with the demand for THz systems, THz dynamic devices should feature large phase shift modulation and high speed. To date, however, only a few devices can efficiently manipulate the phase of THz waves. In this paper, we demonstrate that efficient phase modulation of THz waves can be addressed by an active and enhanced resonant metamaterial embedded with a nanostructured 2D electron gas (2DEG) layer of a GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). The enhanced resonant metaunit couples the traditional dipolar and inductance-capacitance resonances together to realize a coupling mode with enhanced resonance. Embedded with the nanostructured 2DEG layer of GaN HEMT, the resonance intensity and surface current circuit of the enhanced resonant mode in the metamaterial unit can be dynamically manipulated by the electrical control of the carrier distribution and depletion of the 3 nm 2DEG, leading to a phase shift greater than 150° in simulation. In the dynamic experiments, a 137° phase shift was achieved with an external controlling voltage of only several volts in the THz transmission mode. This work represents the first realization of a phase shift greater than 100° in a dynamic experiment in transmission mode using an active metamaterial structure with only a single layer. In addition, given the high-speed modulation ability of the HEMT, this concept provides a promising approach for the development of a fast and effective phase modulator in THz application systems.
Pitch accent and tonal alignment in Kagoshima Japanese
Authors: Ito Junko , Mester Armin
Published: November 2018

While recent work has made it abundantly clear that the metrical foot is fundamental for any understanding of the accent pattern of Japanese and its dialects, other features of these pitch accent systems are directly linked to the constraints aligning tonal melodies with prosodic structure. This paper presents some results on the microvariation in the pitch accent systems of the dialects of Kagoshima Prefecture: the main Kagoshima City dialect, and the separate dialects of Koshikijima island and the southernmost Kikaijima island (Ryukyu archipelago). All these dialects, except for the Kagoshima City dialect, are in serious decline in terms of numbers of speakers. We show that the accentual microvariation in Kagoshima Japanese is due to a simple reranking of the basic constraints aligning the accentual melodies HL and H. The difference in tone-bearing unit between dialects (syllable- vs. mora-counting behavior), difficult to analyze as a parameter setting, follows from the ranking of constraints against tonal contours on moras and syllables.
Novel Multifrequency Eddy Current NDT Signal Inversion Scheme for Aerostructures
Authors: Siddiqui Omer Zia , Khan Tariq Mairaj Rasool
Published: November 2018

Flaw profile characterization from nondestructive evaluation measurements is a typical nondestructive testing (NDT) inverse problem. Flaw profiling, particularly in aerospace industry, is important, as it is a decision tool to evaluate the air worthiness of the aerostructures. Accurate flaw profiling thus ensures aircraft safety through the timely implementation of cost-effective replacement/repair actions. Eddy current (EC) NDT data acquired at multiple frequencies contain complementary information about the flaws due to the skin effect phenomenon. However, finding the exact contribution of each measurement mode while determining the solution to the inverse problem is considerably challenging. In the reported research work, a novel multifrequency EC data-based polynomial model is formulated to solve the inverse problem. The weight (coefficient) of each measurement mode in the polynomial model is computed using nonlinear optimization techniques. Actual NDT data of a retired aircraft containing mutually exclusive training and test databases has been used as a case study. Data fusion (DF)-based inversion results are compared to the results acquired using individual measurement mode data. The improved results with DF indicate the efficacy of the proposed technique.
α2A-Adrenergic Receptor Activation Decreases Parabrachial Nucleus Excitatory Drive onto BNST CRF Neurons and Reduces Their ActivityIn Vivo
Authors: Fetterly Tracy L. , Basu Aakash , Nabit Brett P. , Awad Elias , Williford Kellie M. , Centanni Samuel W. , Matthews Robert T. , Silberman Yuval , Winder Danny G.
Published: November 2018

Stress contributes to numerous psychiatric disorders. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) signaling and CRF neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) drive negative affective behaviors, thus agents that decrease activity of these cells may be of therapeutic interest. Here, we show that acute restraint stress increases cFos expression in CRF neurons in the mouse dorsal BNST, consistent with a role for these neurons in stress-related behaviors. We find that activation of α2A-adrenergic receptors (ARs) by the agonist guanfacine reduced cFos expression in these neurons both in stressed and unstressed conditions. Further, we find that α- and β-ARs differentially regulate excitatory drive onto these neurons. Pharmacological and channelrhodopsin-assisted mapping experiments suggest that α2A-ARs specifically reduce excitatory drive from parabrachial nucleus (PBN) afferents onto CRF neurons. Given that the α2A-AR is a Gi-linked GPCR, we assessed the impact of activating the Gi-coupled DREADD hM4Di in the PBN on restraint stress regulation of BNST CRF neurons. CNO activation of PBN hM4Di reduced stress-inducedFosin BNSTCrhneurons. Further, usingPrkcdas an additional marker of BNST neuronal identity, we uncovered a female-specific upregulation of the coexpression ofPrkcd/Crhin BNST neurons following stress, which was prevented by ovariectomy. These findings show that stress activates BNST CRF neurons, and that α2A-AR activation suppresses thein vivoactivity of these cells, at least in part by suppressing excitatory drive from PBN inputs onto CRF neurons.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStress is a major variable contributing to mood disorders. Here, we show that stress increases activation of BNST CRF neurons that drive negative affective behavior. We find that the clinically well tolerated α2A-AR agonist guanfacine reduces activity of these cellsin vivo, and reduces excitatory PBN inputs onto these cellsex vivo. Additionally, we uncover a novel sex-dependent coexpression ofPrkcdwithCrhin female BNST neurons after stress, an effect abolished by ovariectomy. These results demonstrate input-specific interactions between norepinephrine and CRF, and point to an action by which guanfacine may reduce negative affective responses.
What's Behind That Smile: Using Analogies, Facial Expressions, and Special Senses to Demonstrate the Interactions Between Body Systems in Anatomy and Physiology Lab Classes
Authors: Williamson James , Lee Cathy
Published: November 2018

Human anatomy and physiology classes for pre-nursing students at Gordon State College are taught using the body systems approach, focusing on one organ system in each learning unit. The body systems approach does not always generate a deeper understanding of the interdependence of organ systems. To address this issue we developed an analogy-based lab activity consisting of four modules (Module 1, cranial bone markings; Module 2, cranial nerves; Module 3, facial and neck muscles; and Module 4, inter-relationships that produce common activities, such as smiling, frowning, chewing, olfaction, vision, eyeball movements, gustation, etc.). Unlike traditional lab exercises that follow the body systems approach, this set of lab activities can emphasize the specific interactions between body systems for common body functions, such as smiling. This linking method utilizes a number of the hands-on lab activities featuring text, diagrams, and models. Assessment of these activities demonstrates that students can effectively learn the relationships between different organ systems by using a series of lab activities that emphasize creativity and fun.