bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polypeptide Synthesis in Sea Urchin Embryogenesis: An Examination with Synthetic Polyribonucleotides
Authors: Nemer Martin , Bard Sandra G.
Published: October 2006

After fertilization of the sea urchin egg the rate of protein synthesis by a cell-free ribosomal system increases markedly. This increase can be attributed to newly synthesized messenger RNA, since (i) the rate of polypeptide synthesis elicited by synthetic messenger polyribonucleotides changes only slightly after fertilization, and (ii) the enzymes for the formation of amino acyl transfer RNA's of phenylalanine and leucine and the polymerization of polypeptide are in excess in the unfertilized egg. Polypeptide synthesis has been characterized in development to the gastrula stage.
Tumors Induced in Hamsters by Simian Virus 40: Persistent Subviral Infection
Authors: Gerber Paul
Published: October 2006

The cells of two hamster ependymomas, originally induced by intracerebral inoculation with simian virus 40 in newborn animals, have been serially cultured in vitro. None of the virus was detected in cell-free culture fluids or cell lysates. All cells retained their neoplastic potential when newborn hamsters were inoculated. Data suggest that viral nucleic acid is permanently present in some tumor cells.
Mitochondrial Structure: Two Types of Subunits on Negatively Stained Mitochondrial Membranes
Authors: Parsons Donald F.
Published: October 2006

Projecting subunits were seen on the cristae of all 11 types of mitochondria examined by electron microscopy. These consisted of a stem, 30 to 35 Å wide and 45 to 50 Å long, and a round head 75 to 80 Å in diameter. The outer membranes of rat liver mitochondria showed regular arrays of hollow cylindrical subunits 60 Å by 60 Å.
Changes in Intensity of Punishment: Effect on Running Behavior of Rats
Authors: Karsh Eileen B.
Published: October 2006

Changing the strength of punishment produced only minor changes in rats' speed of running to food and shock at the goal of an alley. The persistence of running behavior after increased or decreased shock intensity is attributed to a stereotyped withdrawal response conditioned at the goal during initial punishment training.
Calorific Values of Microcrustacea
Authors: Comita Gabriel W. , Schindler David W.
Published: October 2006

The heat content of copepods and other microcrustaceans and two species of algae in calories per gram varied from 4427 for immature crayfish to 5643 for the female
Diaptomus siciloides
. The algae, cladoceran, anostracan, conchostracan, and immature crayfish were all below 5000, whereas all the copepods were above 5300 (x̅ 5467); thus copepods may contribute more energy to the food chain on a weight basis than other lower forms of crustacea.
Tellurium: A New Sensitive Test
Authors: Lakin H. W. , Thompson C. E.
Published: October 2006

A new, extremely sensitive method for the quantitative determination of tellurium is based on the induced precipitation of elemental gold from a 6
N
HCl solution containing gold chloride, cupric chloride, and hypophosphorous acid; the amount of gold reduced is proportional to the amount of tellurium present. As little as 1 nanogram (1 × 10
-9
g) of tellurium gives a measurable reaction with 1 mg of gold in 50 ml of solution.
Influence of Methodology on Electroencephalographic Sleep and Arousal: Studies with Reserpine and Etryptamine in Rabbits
Authors: Steiner W. G. , Pscheidt G. R. , Himwich H. E.
Published: October 2006

In studies with reserpine and with etryptamine, quite opposite electroencephalographic effects were obtained when either of these two drugs was administered to rabbits prior to surgical preparation for EEG recording as opposed to the drug being given after the rabbits had been fully prepared for EEG recording. With the one method, EEG rhythms indicative of sleep were obtained, while with the other method, EEG rhythms indicative of central nervous system stimulation were obtained, although with both methods, the amount of drug, duration of drug in animal, and type of acute preparation were identical for both sets of findings. The presurgical injection procedure produced EEG results more in accordance with behavioral and biochemical findings, even though the conventional procedure is to administer the experimental drug after the animal has been prepared for EEG recording.
Stimulus Generalization of a Positive Conditioned Reinforcer
Authors: Thomas David R. , Williams Jon L.
Published: October 2006

Stimulus generalization has been observed for discriminative, eliciting, and emotional functions of stimuli. In our study, in order to investigate the generalization of the reinforcing function of stimuli, pigeons were trained in a Skinner box to peck at an unlighted key to obtain aperiodic, brief exposures of light at a wavelength of 550 mμ, the positive conditioned reinforcer, which was immediately followed by food reward. Testing in extinction, we obtained generalization gradients for the number of responses and the time the pigeons expended to produce exposures on the unlighted key of 550 mμ, 530 mμ, 510 mμ, or no light. This finding suggests that stimulus generalization occurs with all functions of stimuli.
Littorina littorea
: An Indicator of Norse Settlement in North America?
Authors: Spjeldnaes Nils , Henningsmoen Kari E.
Published: October 2006

It is suggested that the originally European species
Littorina littorea
was introduced to North America by Norse settlers about A.D. 1000. Its subfossil distribution might be used in tracing the extent of Norse travel in this region. Recent archeological finds match very well with the historical records of the Norse exploration and settlements. This activity seems to have been concentrated in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland.
Pogonophora on the New England Continental Slope
Authors: Wigley Roland L.
Published: October 2006

Two species of Pogonophora on the continental slope off southern New England are reported. Two species were found:
Siboglinum ekmani
Jägersten and
Siboglinum
sp., an undescribed species. The density of both species combined, at 366 m, was 30 per square meter and at 567 m depth, it was 25 per square meter. The dominant macrobenthic organisms with which they were associated were polychaete worms and foraminiferans.
Crystalline Low Molecular Weight γ-Globulin from a Human Urine
Authors: Deutsch H. F.
Published: October 2006

A basic protein with a molecular weight near 17,000, related serologically to the normal serum γ
2
-globulins, has been isolated in crystalline form from the urine of a patient with multiple myeloma. Proteins of this size along with the Bence-Jones molecules whose inolecular weight is about 35,000 can provide subunits for studies of the structure of the serum γ-globulins.
Paracrystalline Forms of Fibrinogen
Authors: Cohen Carolyn , Revel Jean-Paul , Kucera Joseph
Published: October 2006

Electron microscope and x-ray diffraction observations on highly ordered tactoids of fibrinogen show that these structures have the same axial period as fibrin. Implications of these results for the analysis of clot formation are discussed.
Artificial Feeding of Neonatal Rats
Authors: Miller Sanford A. , Dymsza Henry A.
Published: October 2006

Newborn rats, fed either cow's milk or rat's milk by tube, developed a "bloat" and the time required for emptying the stomach increased. When these animals were allowed to suckle on nonlactating foster mothers, no evidence of this syndrome was observed. Based on these observations, a technique was developed for the artificial feeding of newborn rats. When the diet was rat's milk, growth equivalent to that of animals fed solely by lactating females was obtained. A diet of cow's milk did not support adequate growth.
Nutritional Relationships among Certain Filamentous Fungi and a Marine Nematode
Authors: Meyers Samuel P. , Feder William A. , Tsue King Mon
Published: October 2006

A marine form of nematode,
Aphelenchoides
sp., can develop and reproduce effectively on viable mycelia of various filamentous fungi including certain widespread marine species. The efficiency of utilization of fungal mycelium by the animal, based on the ratio of the number of nematodes to the dry weight of fungal mycelium, varies greatly among fungi, from less than 100 to as much as 5000 for several of the marine species studied.
Palynological Investigation of a Core from the Biscay Abyssal Plain
Authors: Groot Johan J.
Published: October 2006

An investigation of Quaternary, Tertiary, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic pollen and spores found in sediments of the Biscay Abyssal Plain provides data leading to the interpretation of the provenance of the lutite in which reworked plant microfossils occur. Owing to the difficulty of distinguishing between Quaternary and reworked Tertiary pollen grains belonging to extant genera, caution is necessary in interpreting the pollen record in terms of Quaternary climatic changes.
Angiotensin Pressor Inhibition by Aldosterone in the Rabbit
Authors: Katz Yale J. , Moore Raymond S. , Velasquez Ana M. , Tamosaitis Irene T.
Published: October 2006

Rabbits pretreated with aldosterone exhibited lessened response to the pressor agent angiotensin. This observation may help to explain the absence of hypertension in certain instances in which both the formation of angiotensin and the secretion of aldosterone are above normal.
Antibody Combining Site: The B Polypeptide Chain
Authors: Roholt O. A. , Radzimski G. , Pressman D.
Published: October 2006

The antibody molecule consists of several polypeptide chains. Peptides, which appear to have been derived from the binding region of the rabbit-antibody molecule directed against
p
-azobenzenearsonate, have been isolated. The particular polypeptide chain from which these peptides are derived has now been identified as the B chain described by Fleischman, Pain, and Porter.
Stimulus Polarity and Conditioning in Planaria
Authors: Barnes Charles D. , Katzung B. G.
Published: October 2006

Orientation in the monopolar pulse field used as the unconditioned stimulus was found to influence formation of a conditioned response to light in planarians. Planarians trained while oriented with the head toward the cathode reached maximal response rates rapidly, while those trained while oriented toward the anode showed no evidence of conditioned response formation.
Labeled Oxygen: Increased Diffusion Rate through Soil Containing Growing Corn Roots
Authors: Jensen Creighton R. , Kirkham Don
Published: October 2006

The diffusion of oxygen labeled with oxygen-18 through cores of wet soil increased significantly when roots of growing corn seedlings penetrated the cores. The increase was small or absent when roots grew through a layer of soft wax or a layer of water-saturated 0.5-mm glass beads, indicating that the diffusion increase was a joint effect of the roots and air-filled pores in the soil. A possible mechanism is suggested.
West Ford Dipole Belt: Optical Detection at Palomar
Authors: Sandage Allan , Kowal Charles
Published: October 2006

Optical detection of the West Ford orbiting dipole belt was accomplished on at least four occasions during the second week in May 1963. The maximum surface brightness was about 4 percent of the night sky radiation at an effective wavelength of λ̅ = 4400 Å. The density of the belt has evidently decreased because it was not detected in a second observation period during the third week in June.
Size Distributions of Sedimentary Populations
Authors: Rogers John J. W. , Schubert Carlos
Published: October 2006

Separate sedimentary populations are not all characterized by lognormal size distributions. Populations of different sizes of material are produced by different mechanisms of abrasion: pebbles and gravel by single-stage crushing; sand by repeated abrasion; and silt and clay by chipping from larger grains. Each mechanism imposes a different size distribution on the product.
Dissociation of Homograft Response to Allogeneic versus Xenogeneic Skin Grafts in Irradiated Mice
Authors: Tyan Marvin L. , Cole Leonard J.
Published: October 2006

Lethally x-irradiated (C3H × DBA/2)F
1
mice were protected with syngeneic (isogenic) bone marrow and/ or prior treatment with urethan and skin grafted at various times after irradiation. The ability to reject a first-set xenogeneic (heterologous) skin graft with normal vigor returned within 92 days; the first-set response to allogeneic (homologous) grafts was still impaired 350 days after irradiation.
Timing Behavior after Lesions of Zona Incerta and Mammillary Body
Authors: Ellen Paul , Powell E. W.
Published: October 2006

Rats with mammillary body lesions produced with an angled approach do not show a "scalloping" in their behavioral records during fixed-interval reinforcement. Control experiments suggest that this effect was due to the electrode piercing the zona incerta, implicating the participation of extrapyramidal structures in timing behavior.
Cineradioangiographic Visualization of the Venous Drainage of the Primate Placenta in vivo
Authors: Ramsey Elizabeth M. , Corner George W. , Donner Martin W.
Published: October 2006

Radiopaque dye injected directly into the intervillous space of the placenta of the rhesus monkey may be observed, by cineradiography, as it spreads throughout the space and drains into the veins of the uterine wall and eventually into the systemic circulation.
Redundancy and Biological Aging
Authors: Johnson Horton A.
Published: October 2006

The relationship between aging and organizational redundancy in biological systems was investigated from the standpoint of information theory. A mortality rate function derived for a randomly deteriorating redundant system approximates observed mortality rates more closely than does the Gompertz function and indicates that variations in redundancy among various mammalian species could account for their widely different rates of aging.
Polymorphism in Isopropyl Alcohol
Authors: Ross G. S. , Dixon H. D. , Frolen L. J. , Termini D. J.
Published: October 2006

Evidence for two polymorphic forms of isopropyl alcohol is presented. Three transformation reactions were observed. The transformation temperatures for pure isopropanol were 185.27
7
°K and 183.65
2
°K. The purity of the alcohol was found to be 99.98
5
percent (calculated as moles).
Ribosomal RNA on the Surface of Ribosomes
Authors: Santera Melvin
Published: October 2006

Ribonuclease from pancreas releases nucleotide from
Escherichia coli
ribosomes while not altering significantly the base composition of the total ribosomal RNA. Ribonuclease hydrolyzes ribsomal RNA without destroying the structure of 70
S
or 30
S
and 50
S
ribosomes. The RNA in 30
S
and 50
S
ribosomes appears more sensitive to the action of ribonuclease. The data suggest that RNA may be a surface component of the ribosome.
Elasticity of Articular Cartilage: Effect of Ions and Viscous Solutions
Authors: Sokoloff Leon
Published: October 2006

The deformability of articular cartilage is increased by cations, more so by polyvalent than monovalent ones. Trivalent cations also depress elastic recovery. Failure of viscous solutions to alter the elastic behavior suggests ultrafiltration by cartilage as a possible mechanism in synovial lubrication.
Relative Dating of Arlington Springs Man
Authors: Oakley Kenneth P.
Published: October 2006

Relative dating tests confirm the antiquity of the Arlington Springs human femur.
Magnetite: Preferred Orientation on the Basal Plane of Partially Reduced Hematite
Authors: Keeling Rolland O. , Wick Deane A.
Published: October 2006

Crystallites of two different orientations have been observed in the polycrystalline magnetite layer formed by carbon monoxide reduction on the basal plane of a hematite single crystal. The relative reducibility of hematite and magnetite ores may be related to this double orientation.
Temperature-Dependent Histotypic Changes in Walker Carcinosarcoma in the Chorioallantois
Authors: Leighton Joseph , Merkow Leonard , Justh Gerald
Published: October 2006

Solid tumors grew in the chorioallantois of chick embryos after the topical inoculation of ascites tumor cells. The microscopic character of the growth varied depending on the temperature of incubation. At 32.5°C a sarcomatous appearance was prominent; at 37.5°C carcinomatous structure in several alveolar patterns predominated; at 42.5°C growth was that of a "giant cell" carcinoma.
Carbohydrate Digestion in the Cockroach
Authors: Banks William M.
Published: October 2006

The digestive tract of the cockroach,
Blaberus craniifer
Burmeister, contains amylase, α- and β-glucosidases, β-fructofuranosidase, α- and β-galactosidases, but no cellulase. The most active site of hydrolytic action is the midgut, followed by the foregut, hindgut, salivary gland tissue, and Malpighian tubules.
Experimental Differentiation between Phototaxis and Motility in
Chlamydomonas snowiae
Authors: Stahl N. , Mayer A. M.
Published: October 2006

A reversible inhibition of phototaxis by acetic acid is demonstrated in
Chlamydomonas snowiae
. The inhibition is dependent on the
p
H of the medium and on the concentration of the inhibitor and does not act by affecting motility. Some substances closely related to fatty acids are also shown to be inhibitors of phototaxis, while certain metabolites have no effect. The possible mechanism by which the phototactic response is prevented is discussed.
Silver from Ur of Ancient Mesopotamia
Authors: Mellichamp J. W. , Levey Martin
Published: October 2006

Silver jewelry from the Royal Tombs of Ur, about 2500 B.C., compares favorably in purity with present-day sterling, and it also met specifications recorded in cuneiform literature of a later period for similar objects. The original chemical composition has been greatly modified by corrosion, calcification, and chlorination. The source and diffusion of various elements detected were traced to study the original composition.
Xanthine Dehydrogenase in
Drosophila
: Detection of Isozymes
Authors: Smith Kirby D. , Ursprung Heinrich , Wright Theodore R. F.
Published: October 2006

Two or possibly three isozymes of the enzyme, xanthine dehydrogenase, have been detected in wildtype
Drosophila melanogaster
by starch-gel electrophoresis. Two genes, rosy and maroon-like, may control these isozymes by producing two different polypeptides that assemble in groups of three or four.
Collagenolytic Activity in Mammalian Bone
Authors: Woods John F. , Nichols George
Published: October 2006

Collagen from bone was incubated with bone-cell homogenate. At the end of incubation the collagen had been partially broken down to ultrafiltrable units indicating that ferments with collagenolytic activity, which can be released by homogenization, exist in bone cells.
Transcription in vivo of DNA from Bacteriophage SP8
Authors: Marmur J. , Greenspan C. M.
Published: October 2006

The DNA of bacteriophage SP8, when denatured, yields two components differing in buoyant density in cesium chloride gradients and separable by chromatography on a column of methylated bovine serum albumin and kieselguhr. The denser of the two strands (H) contains more pyrimidines and fewer purines than the lighter (L) strand. Only the H strand forms hybrids with the RNA synthesized by the infected host. The L strand is capable of annealing with complementary RNA synthesized in vitro with it as primer in reactions catalyzed by RNA polymerase. During the vegetative development of phage, host-specific messenger RNA is also synthesized.
Polypeptide Chains of Rabbit Gamma Globulin
Authors: Small Parker A. , Kehn Joan E. , Lamm Michael E.
Published: October 2006

Rabbit gamma globulin has been extensively reduced, and its polypeptide chains separated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 in 5
M
Edge-notched cards in an inverted system of indexing may be used satisfactorily to analyze research data which concern a small series of individuals but a large number of highly variable characteristics in a short-term research project.guanidine hydrochloride. The larger H (or A) chains make up two-thirds of the molecule and have a molecular weight of approximately 55,000 each. The smaller L (or B) chains account for the other one-third and have a molecular weight of approximately 25,000 each. The data are consistent with a model of the gamma globulin molecule that has two H and two L chains.
Possible Cytoplasmic Change in an Immunologically Competent Tissue of the Chicken
Authors: Glick Bruce
Published: October 2006

The weight of the bursa of Fabricius of chicks hatched from eggs dipped in a 0.67 percent solution of testosterone propionate in ethyl alcohol was significantly reduced. Also, bursa weights of offspring one and two generations removed from the chickens hatched from the dipped eggs were significantly reduced. The change appears to be cytoplasmic.
Strontium-90 Accumulation on Plant Foliage During Rainfall
Authors: Menzel Ronald G. , Roberts Howard , Stewart Ernest H. , Mackenzie Arnold J.
Published: October 2006

Accumulation of strontium-90 in field-grown crops was measured during the spring of 1962. Each rainfall markedly increased the strontium-90 content of the crops, except when the plants were very small. Accumulation between rains was comparatively small, about equal to the expected uptake from the soil.
Leaiid Conchostracan Zone in Antarctica and Its Gondwana Equivalents
Authors: Doumani George A. , Tasch Paul
Published: October 2006

Two species of conchostracans (class Crustacea) occur in the coal measures of the Ohio Range, associated with a typical
Glossopteris
flora. New
Leaia
and
Cyzicus
(
Lioestheria
) species occur in a restricted zone near the top of the stratigraphic section. The biofacies represents a swampy environment and deposition in short-lived ponds of still water under variable weather cycles. The zone compares closely with the leaiid zones in South Africa, South America, and Australia, and is assigned to the Middle-Upper Permian, specifically, Lower Beaufort age.
Partial Synchronization of Nuclear Divisions in Root Meristems with 5-Aminouracil
Authors: Smith Harold H. , Fussell Catharine P. , Kugelman Bertha H.
Published: October 2006

Root tip cells of
Vicia faba
were partially synchronized in nuclear stages by treatment for 24 hours with 700 parts of 5-aminouracil per million. All division was suppressed by the analog treatment, and a peak in division stages (up to 62.5 percent) was reached 14 hours after removal from the aminouracil. Populations of partially synchronized cells can be useful in experiments designed to study various intracellular reactions or responses at different stages in the nuclear cycle.
Bilateral Differences in the Human Occipital Electroencephalogram with Unilateral Photic Driving
Authors: Freedman Nelson L.
Published: October 2006

Differential activity was induced in the electroencephalograms of the occipital lobes by limiting intermittent photic stimulation to the right or left halves of the two retinas. The results indicate that the driving of one hemisphere also affects the opposite hemisphere and that the amount and pattern of the effect is determined by the hemisphere being directly stimulated.
Binding Capacity of Reductively Fragmented Antibodies to the 2,4-Dinitrophenyl Group
Authors: Metzger H. , Singer S. J.
Published: October 2006

Mild reductive cleavage of the polypeptide chains of antibodies to the 2,4-dinitrophenyl group has been carried out according to the methods of Porter and co-workers. The addition of ε-2,4-dinitrophenyllysine permitted almost complete retention of the antibody binding capacity upon transfer to 1
M
propionic acid. Fractionation of the chains showed that the hapten was specifically bound to the A and not the B chains, and that about 30 percent of the B chains were bound to A in the presence of the bound hapten. The results confirm the conclusion of Porter and co-workers that the A chain is the principal component of the antibody site, but suggest that the B chain may also contribute to the site.
Submergence of the New Jersey Coast
Authors: Stuiver Minze , Daddario Joseph J.
Published: October 2006

A series of five radiocarbon dates obtained from samples taken along the base of the lagoon between the Brigantine City Barrier and the mainland indicates a rate of submergence of 3 meters per millennium between 6000 and 2600 years before the present. During the last 2600 years the average submergence has slowed down to only 1.2 to 1.4 meters per millennium; the general picture of a rapid rise and the subsequent slackening is in agreement with results published for the New England area.
Diffusion Coefficients of Hydrocarbons in Water: Method for Measuring
Authors: Cohen L. H. , Saraf D. N. , Witherspoon P. A.
Published: October 2006

A modification of the capillary-cell method of measuring diffusion coefficients has been applied in studying the diffusion of paraffin hydrocarbons in water. Measurements on ethane, propane, and normal butane indicate that diffusion coefficients can be obtained with a precision of 1 to 2 percent.
Insecticides: Effects on Cutthroat Trout of Repeated Exposure to DDT
Authors: Allison Don , Kallman Burton J. , Cope Oliver B. , Van Valin Charles C.
Published: October 2006

Cutthroat trout were periodically exposed to
p
,
p'
-DDT, in acetone solution or in the food. Excessive mortality occurred only in lots treated with high concentrations of DDT, probably as a result of decreased resistance to nonspecific stressors. Surviving fish in these lots were significantly larger than those in the control lot, or in the lots treated with low concentrations of DDT. The number and volume of eggs produced was not reduced by DDT, but mortality among sac fry appeared to be highest in the lots treated with high concentrations. The data suggest that the sublethal concentrations of DDT ordinarily encountered in the environment are unlikely to damage a fishery.
X-ray Diffraction Pattern of Nerve Myelin: A Method for Determining the Phases
Authors: Moody M. F.
Published: October 2006

The x-ray diffraction patterns of normal myelin, and of myelin expanded by soaking in hypotonic solutions, have been compared quantitatively. Application of the "shrinkage stage" method for determining the course of a real Fourier transform allows all but 2 of the 32 possible sign combinations to be eliminated.
Cytochrome Function in Relation to Inner Membrane Structure of Mitochondria
Authors: Chance B. , Parsons D. F.
Published: October 2006

Projecting subunits of an average diameter of 80 Å are found on the cristae of mitochondria prepared from the muscle of Ascaris lumbricoides. A spectroscopic examination of the cytochrome content of these mitochondria shows no detectable cytochrome
c
1
,
a
, or
a
3
and does reveal cytochromes of types
c
and
b
. Subunits in the same size range are found in cytochrome c deficient mitochondria of the emergent bee, while the frequency of their occurrence along the cristae is decreased relative to the adult bee. Apparently, the cytochrome content of the respiratory chain is not related to the size of the subunits, but may be related to the frequency of occurrence of the subunits.
Mitomycin C: Chemical and Biological Studies on Alkylation
Authors: Schwartz Herbert S. , Sodergren J. E. , Philips F. S.
Published: October 2006

The presence of an aziridine ring in mitomycin C suggests that the mechanism of action of the antibiotic is like that of the antitumor alkylating agents. However the compound is unexpectedly stable during aerobic incubation with rat liver homogenates although rapidly metabolized anaerobically. Mitomycin is not reactive with γ-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine and reacts only slowly at acid p
H
with thiosulfate. It is proposed that mitomycin is activated in vivo, possibly by a reduction which "unmasks" the potential activity of the fused aziridine ring.
Miocene-Pliocene Boundary in the Philippines as Related to Late Tertiary Stratigraphy of Deep-Sea Sediments
Authors: Bandy Orville L.
Published: October 2006

Planktonic foraminiferal trends across the Miocene-Pliocene boundary in the Philippines suggest that sections of eight deep-sea cores reported to be Pliocene are actually latest Miocene, and that a marked extinction of discoasters in the deep-sea cores is due to an unconformity, separating Miocene and Pleistocene sediments, representing a time gap of some 10 million years of Pliocene time.
Ultraviolet Radiation Effects on Low Molecular Weight Inorganic Phosphates of Yeast
Authors: Lieberman E. M. , Swenson P. A.
Published: October 2006

Ultraviolet radiation causes the loss of ortho-, pyro-, tripoly-, tetrapoly- and trimetaphosphate from yeast cells to the medium. Analyses of combined cell and medium phosphates show a two-and-a-half-fold increase in pyrophosphate after irradiation while inorganic and total phosphate remain constant.
New Serum Group, Gm(p)
Authors: Waller Marion , Hughes Roscoe D. , Townsend J. Ives , Franklin E. C. , Fudenberg Hugh
Published: October 2006

The agglutination that occurs when rheumatoid arthritis serum Pond is added to erythrocytes sensitized with anti-D serum Moore is inhibited in the presence of some normal serums. The inhibitor, tentatively named Gm(p), is associated only with 7
S
gamma globulins and is apparently different from other previously defined serum groups. It is much more common in Caucasians than in Negroes, and probably is determined by a simple dominant gene.
Erythroid Homeostasis in Normal and Genetically Anemic Mice: Reaction to Induced Polycythemia
Authors: Niece Ronald L. , McFarland Eleanor C. , Russell Elizabeth S.
Published: October 2006

After hypertransfusion, normal
ww
and anemic

WW
v

mice show the same increase in red-cell volume, decrease in reticulocytes, and temporary cessation of blood formation. The time required for the red cell volume to return to the value observed before treatment is the same for both groups of mice. The cell volume at which new erythrocytes are again released into the circulation depends upon the genotype of functioning blood-forming tissue. Injections of erythropoietin stimulate red cell formation in polycythemic
ww
mice, but have much less (if any) effect upon polycythemic

WW
v

mice.
Carbamyl Phosphate Synthesis in the Earthworm
Lumbricus terrestris
Authors: Bishop Stephen H. , Campbell James W.
Published: October 2006

The enzymatic synthesis of citrulline from ammonia, bicarbonate, adenosine triphosphate, and L-ornithine takes place in the soluble fraction of gut tissue of the earthworm. The synthesis occurs at low ammonia concentrations, is dependent upon added
N
-acetyl-L-glutamate, and results in incorporation of the bicarbonate carbon into the ureido group of the citrulline molecule. Carbamyl phosphate is the intermediate in the reaction and its biosynthesis in the earthworm is mediated by a carbamyl phosphate synthetase system similar to that of ureotelic vertebrates.
Zinc Stimulation of RNA and Protein Synthesis in
Rhizopus nigricans
Authors: Wegener Warner S. , Romano Antonio H.
Published: October 2006

Addition of 1.7 × 10-
5
M
zinc sulfate to cultures of
Rhizopus nigricans
increases growth and substrate utilization. Analysis of cells during the course of growth, after addition of the metal, showed that there was an immediate increase in RNA, followed by a corresponding increase in protein and cell mass. The DNA content was affected to a lesser extent. It is postulated that Zn
++
stimulates growth through a primary effect on RNA synthesis.
Ribosomes and Ribonucleic Acids in Three Morphological States of
Neurospora
Authors: Henney Henry R. , Storck Roger
Published: October 2006

Dormant ascospores contain the same ribosomal population as growing hyphae and resting conidia. This conclusion is based on analyses of sedimentation coefficients and of nucleotide composition of ribosomes, ribosomal RNA, and soluble RNA. Thus dormancy is not characterized by the absence of the important parts of the protein-synthesizing apparatus.
Antiserums Prepared with Acrylamide Gel Used as Adjuvant
Authors: Weintraub Michael , Raymond Samuel
Published: October 2006

Antiserums to macroglobulins were prepared by a convenient and time-saving procedure in which acrylamide gel was used as adjuvant. After electrophoresis in acrylamide gel, the macroglobulin zone from the gel pattern was homogenized and injected directly into rabbits without intermediate isolation of the purified antigen. The resulting antiserums exhibited high titers of antiserum to macroglobulin and showed only weak cross-reactions with other gamma globulins in serologic tests.
Basaltic Cone Suggests Constructional Origin of Some Guyots
Authors: Christensen M. N. , Gilbert C. M.
Published: October 2006

A basaltic cinder cone was built beneath the waters of Mono Lake in Pleistocene time. This cone is now exposed. Its internal structure, external form, and petrography suggest that it was constructed with a flat top.
Effect of Cold on the Presence of
Staphylococcus aureus
in the External Nares of the Rat
Authors: Poe Robert H. , Hicks Carl C. , Dooleyt Elmo S.
Published: October 2006

There is an increase in the recovery from the external nares of rats exposed to cold of colonies of
Staphylococcus aureus
that ferment mannitol and produce coagulase.
Harappa Culture: New Evidence for a Shorter Chronology
Authors: Agrawal D. P.
Published: October 2006

Radiocarbon dates suggest a total time spread of 550 years, from about 2300 to 1750 B. C., for the Harappa culture.
6-Aminopenicillanic Acid: Inhibition of Destruction of Cephalosporin C by Bacteria
Authors: Walton Robert B.
Published: October 2006

6-Aminopenicillanic acid, from which all the true penicillins are derived, inhibits the destruction of cephalosporin C by certain microorganisms. This inhibition is probably specific for "cephalosporinase." The enzymatic deacetylation of cephalosporin C is not affected by the acid.
Electrical Resistance of Cell Membranes of
Avena
coleoptiles
Authors: Higinbotham N. , Hope A. B. , Findlay G. P.
Published: October 2006

The cell membrane resistance to direct current was measured in single cells for the first time in a higher plant tissue, oat coleoptiles (
Avena sativa
). On the assumption that the current density over the cell surface was uniform, a mean value of about 1300 ohm-cm
2
was found for cells in an external nutrient medium containing 1 mmole each of K
+
, Na
+
, and Ca
++
per liter. As expected, either decreasing K
+
concentration or increasing Ca
++
concentration increased the resistance.
Humoral Factor from the Brain Which Activates Gastric Motility
Authors: Jefferson N. C. , Arai T. , Geisel T. , Necheles H.
Published: October 2006

When the vagus nerves in the neck of the dog are cut and the ends toward the brain are stimulated, gastric contractions follow. These contractions are not abolished by section of the cervical spinal cord, section of anterior and posterior thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves, section of the splanchnic nerves, or paralysis or excision of the celiac plexus. Evidence for the existence of a humoral blood-borne substance originating in the brain was obtained by experiments with an isolated perfused head, by perfusion of isolated stomachs by donor dogs, by cross-perfusion between two dogs, and by plasmapheresis.
Alpha-Ketoglutaric Semialdehyde: A Metabolic Intermediate
Authors: Singh Raizada M. M. , Adams Elijah
Published: October 2006

α-Ketoglutaric semialdehyde has been obtained as a product of hydroxyproline through reactions catalyzed by purified enzymes from Pseudomonas. It has been characterized both by chemical and enzymatic derivatives and by comparison with the chemically synthesized compound. This reactive compound, not previously known as a product of biological reactions, may participate in other metabolic pathways.
Time Factors in Interhemispheric Transfer of Learning
Authors: Ray Oakley S. , Emley Grace
Published: October 2006

Single-trial interhemispheric transfer of a discrimination task engram was studied by eliciting spreading depression unilaterally during acquisition of the discrimination. Complete transfer to the untrained side occurred after one trial with both hemispheres functional, if 10 minutes elapsed between this trial and the elicitation of spreading depression in the trained side. If depression was elicited 15 seconds after the trial no transfer occurred.
Sodium Chloride: Modification of Crystal Habit by Chemical Agents
Authors: Ploss Richard S.
Published: October 2006

Microscopic investigation of drops of brine evaporating in air revealed crystal forms of sodium chloride other than the cube, when cysteine, creatinine, papain, monosodium glutamate, sodium hexametaphosphate, a combination of sodium hexametaphosphate and aluminum salt, or aluminon were added to the brine in small amounts. Some of these have a definite effect in parts per million concentration.
Albinism and Water Escape Performance in the Mouse
Authors: Winston Harvey D. , Lindzey Gardner
Published: October 2006

Observation of six inbred strains of mice in a water escape test revealed that albino strains perform markedly slower than non-albino strains. Performances of F
1
, F
2
, and backcross offspring of selected crosses between these strains indicated that there is an association between the homozygous condition for albinism (cc) and slow performance in the water escape test.
Courtship Sound Production in Two Sympatric Sibling
Drosophila
Species
Authors: Waldron Ingrid
Published: October 2006

Courting males of
Drosophila persimilis
produce a pulsed "vibration sound," with frequency of oscillation and pulse repetition rate markedly different from that of
D. pseudoobscura
. These differences probably contribute to reproductive isolation. Flight frequency is the same in both species. Brief "preliminary sounds" are common and the same in both species. Males with large parts of both wings removed produce nearly normal vibration sounds, and normal preliminary sounds.
Solar Neutrons and the Earth's Radiation Belts
Authors: Lingenfelter R. E. , Flamm E. J.
Published: October 2006

The intensity and spectrum of solar neutrons in the vicinity of the earth are calculated on the assumption that the low-energy protons recently detected in balloon and satellite flights are products of solar neutron decay. The solar-neutron flux thus obtained exceeds the global average cosmic-ray neutron leakage above 10 Mev, indicating that it may be an important source of both the inner and outer radiation belts. Neutron measurements in the atmosphere are reviewed and several features of the data are found to be consistent with the estimated solar neutron spectrum.
The Exploding Galaxy M82: Evidence for the Existence of a Large-Scale Magnetic Field
Authors: Sandage Allan R. , Miller William C.
Published: October 2006

Photographs of galaxy M82 obtained in blue light show the existence of a previously unknown system of large-scale filaments extending 4000 parsec (1.2 × 10
22
cm) above and below the fundamental plane of the galaxy along the minor axis. These filaments emit continuous radiation that is highly polarized, with the electric vector predominately perpendicular to the filamentary structure. A plausible interpretation is that the radiation is optical synchrotron emission caused by relativistic electrons spiraling in a large-scale magnetic field. To produce radiation in visual wavelengths, the electron energies must be in the range 10
3
to 10
4
Bev if the magnetic field is between 10
-5
and 10
-6
gauss.
Sclerotization in the Blowfly Imago
Authors: Sekeris C. E.
Published: October 2006

N
-acetyldopamine has been identified as a dihydroxyphenylalanine metabolite in the blowfly imago during eclosion. The activity of the dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase, the main enzyme responsible for its formation, which is minimal during the pupal stage, increases 1 day before eclosion. The similarity of dihydroxyphenylalanine metabolism in
Calliphora
during eclosion and during puparium formation justifies the assumption that
N
-acetyldopamine can be regarded as the sclerotizing agent of the imaginal cuticle. It is concluded that the formation of this substance is under the control of ecdysone.
Labeled Oxygen: Transport through Growing Corn Roots
Authors: Jensen Creighton R. , Letey J. , Stolzy L. H.
Published: October 2006

Oxygen, labeled with oxygen-18, is transported across wax membranes penetrated by growing corn roots. The rate of transport is a linear function of the number of penetrating roots. Other factors also influence the rate of transport.
Fossil Coccoliths in Limestone Examined by Electron Microscopy
Authors: Honjo Susumu , Fischer Alfred G.
Published: October 2006

Examination of polished and etched limestone surfaces (Jurassic from the Alps, Paleocene from Spain) by electron microscopy reveals coccoliths, in varying stages of preservation, in numbers of 100,000 to 1,000,000 per cubic millimeter.
Serotonin Deficiency in Infancy as One Cause of a Mental Defect in Phenylketonuria
Authors: Woolley D. W. , van der Hoeven Th.
Published: October 2006

Serotonin deficiency induced in newborn mice and maintained to adulthood resulted in reduced ability to learn a maze. The serotonin deficiency was produced by overloading with phenylalanine plus tyrosine (to cause phenylketonuria), by feeding of reserpine, and by feeding of chlorpromazine from birth to maturity.
Psychological Changes Associated with Induced Hyperammonemia
Authors: Eichler Myron
Published: October 2006

Normal volunteers infused with ammonium acetate for 3 hours developed a characteristic behavior pattern resembling that of prehepatic coma. They demonstrated certain specific defects in motor performance and recognition as well as significant lowering of critical flicker fusion. These findings are correlated with the concentration of ammonia in arterial blood.
Synthesis of RNA in vitro Stimulated in Dipteran Salivary Glands by 1,1,3-Tricyano-2-Amino-1-Propene
Authors: Jacob J. , Sirlin J. L.
Published: October 2006

1,1,3-Tricyano-2-amino-1-propene stimulates by more than one order of magnitude the incorporation in vitro of uridine into the RNA of dipteran salivary glands. The inhibition by actinomycin D is blocked. Higher doses cause a complete inhibition from which a proportion of the glands recover rapidly upon withdrawal of the substance.
Rat Electroretinogram: Evidence for Separate Processes Governing b-Wave Latency and Amplitude
Authors: Cone Richard A. , Platt John R.
Published: October 2006

Studies of the simultaneous changes in the latency and amplitude of the b-wave of the rat electroretinogram (ERG) under three different conditions of adaptation show that the latency is primarily a function of the absolute stimulus intensity, being only slightly affected by conditions that strongly reduce the amplitude. This implies that the latency and the amplitude are determined by two independent processes, with the latency-process more closely linked to the initial photochemical events. Furthermore, the different adaptation conditions have surprisingly similar effects on the shape and amplitude of the electroretinogram, which suggests that they all produce only one type of variation in the amplitude-determining process.
Polarographic Investigation of Conjugated Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Authors: Kuta Edwin J.
Published: October 2006

The half-wave potentials of all-
trans
β-carotene, all-
trans
retinol, 13-
cis
retinol, all-
trans
retinyl acetate, all-
trans
retinal, and vitamins D
2
and D
3
were related to the number of double bonds in conjugation. A minimum of three double bonds in conjugation was required before reduction took place at the dropping-mercury electrode. As the number of conjugated bonds increased in the fat-soluble vitamins, the initial reduction took place at a lower half-wave potential. All of the waves were linearly proportional to the concentration of the vitamins in the concentration range studied.
Serotonin Binding to Nerve-Ending Particles of the Rat Brain and Its Inhibition by Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
Authors: Marchbanks R. M. , Rosenblatt Frank , O'Brien Richard D.
Published: October 2006

The binding of serotonin to nerve-ending particles and other preparations from rat brain has been examined. By investigating the amount bound as a function of serotonin concentration from 10
-7
M
to 10
-2
M
, it was possible to identify three major components having
K
assoc
(association constant) values of 2 × 10
6
, 5 × 10
4
, and 5 × 10
2
. The component having the highest binding constant was not present in liver and appeared to be confined to the cortex and midbrain regions. This component is inhibited by
d
-lysergic acid diethylamide at low concentrations. Solubilization of this binding component has been achieved.
Hyperbaric Exposure of Mice to Pressures of 60 to 90 Atmospheres
Authors: Membery Joan. H. , Link Edwin A.
Published: October 2006

Albino mice breathing helium-oxygen mixtures remained in good condition for periods of 1 to 13 hours at pressure-equivalent depths of 396 to 914 meters of sea water. They were successfully decompressed to normal atmospheric pressure in less than 5 hours. There were no immediate or delayed adverse effects that could be attributed to the hyperbaric helium-oxygen environment. An occasional death was attributable to hypoxia or the decompression procedure.
Human Influenza A Viruses: Rapid Plaque Assay in Hamster Kidney Cells
Authors: Grossberg Sidney E.
Published: October 2006

The production of focal necrosis in hamster kidney cells maintained beneath an overlay of semisolid agar medium free of serum permits rapid, reproducible, quantitative assay for the three subtypes of influenza A viruses. Adaptation of virus to these cells was not required. A straight-line dose-response relationship was observed between the number of plaques produced and the relative concentration of virus. Specificity was demonstrated by quantitative neutralization with immune serum.
Measurement of the Conditioned Eyelid Reflex
Authors: Pennypacker H. S.
Published: October 2006

The magnitude of the conditioned eyelid reflex is defined as the integral of the amplitude over the time course of the blink. This measure is significantly related to the conventional measures of frequency, latency, and amplitude, but exhibits variance of its own which appears to reflect its greater sensitivity to the physiological processes underlying the blink.
Clinoptilolite: A New Occurrence in North Carolina Phosphorite
Authors: Rooney Thomas P. , Kerr Paul F.
Published: October 2006

The zeolite, clinoptilolite, has been identified in a Miocene phosphorite deposit in North Carolina. It occurs in great abundance in the clay fraction of the phosphorite both as well formed, separate crystals and as clusters of crystals attached to granular particles.
System for Reporting Symposium Discussions
Authors: Weinhold Albert R. , Baker Kenneth F.
Published: October 2006

The system described was effective in obtaining a complete record of the discussions which arose during a week-long symposium with over 300 participants. Each individual wrote a publishable summary of his question or comment on a special numbered card immediately after speaking. This not only provided an accurate report but greatly facilitated preparation for publication.
Direct Readout of Sediment Analyses by Settling Tube for Computer Processing
Authors: Zeigler John M. , Hayes Carlyle R. , Webb Douglas C.
Published: October 2006

Sediment fall-velocities measured by the Woods Hole Rapid Sediment Analyzer can now be obtained directly on punched paper tape in a form suitable for processing by a computer. This technique saves much time because it eliminates manual card punching, a step in which an operator transfers values from sediment analyses to punch cards in order to make the data acceptable to computers.
5-Methoxytryptophol: Effect on Estrus and Ovarian Weight
Authors: McIsaac William M. , Taborsky Robert G. , Farrell Gordon
Published: October 2006

Daily injection of 5-methoxytryptophol in microgram quantities in rats decreased the incidence of estrus and reduced ovarian weight in maturing animals.
Distributive Pairing and Aneuploidy in Man
Authors: Grell Rhoda F. , Valencia Juan I.
Published: October 2006

The extrapolation of the "distributive-pairing hypothesis" of meiosis in
Drosophila melanogaster
females to human gametogenesis is proposed to account for the co-occurrence of rare karyotype abnormalities in human families. A description of the hypothesis is presented with its application to some established cases in the cytogenetic literature.