bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gut microbial changes in a specialist blister beetle larvae and their nutritional metabolic characteristics
Authors: Ma Jinnan , Fu Zhaohui , Yang Xin , Ming Wenqin , Song Xuhao , Du Chao
Published: August 2024

Insect gut microbiota and their metabolites play a significant role in the shaping of hosts' diets and feeding habits. We conducted 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing on the gut microbiota of specialist blister beetle larvae that feed on locust eggs and artificial food at different instars, to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and the specialized feeding habit of the blister beetle larvae. There is no significant difference in the gut microbial structure among the second to the fourth instar larvae under the same rearing conditions, but the gut microbial structure of the first instar larvae was significantly different from the second to the fourth instar larvae fed by different diets. Bacteria associated with polysaccharide utilization are relatively barren in first instar larvae. Compared to the carbohydrate content between the artificial diet and locust eggs, we speculate that an excessive amount of polysaccharides in the artificial diet may be detrimental to the growth and development of first instar larvae. Gut microbiota of the second to the fourth instar larvae fed with different diets significantly differ in microbial community structure. The different bacteria, especially the metabolism‐related intestinal bacteria in locust eggs‐fed larvae, may help the hosts adapt to the environment and contribute to the production of active ingredients. The relative abundance of polysaccharide utilization‐related bacteria was significantly higher in the artificial diet‐fed larvae compared to the locust eggs‐fed larvae, which showed the same result when compared to the first instar larvae. Changes in gut microbes of blister beetle larvae and their metabolic inferences could enrich our understanding of the nutritional requirements of the specialist and help optimize the artificial diet of medicinal cantharides.
Does pain influence control of muscle force? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Arvanitidis Michail , Falla Deborah , Sanderson Andy , Martinez‐Valdes Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Background and Objective

In the presence of pain, whether clinical or experimentally induced, individuals commonly show impairments in the control of muscle force (commonly known as force steadiness). In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we synthesized the available evidence on the influence of clinical and experimental pain on force steadiness.

Databases and Data Treatment

MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL Plus and Web of Science databases were searched from their inception to 19 December 2023, using MeSH terms and pre‐selected keywords related to pain and force steadiness. Two independent reviewers screened studies for inclusion and assessed their methodological quality using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa risk of bias tool.

Results

In total, 32 studies (19 clinical pain and 13 experimental pain) were included. Meta‐analyses revealed reduced force steadiness in the presence of clinical pain as measured by the coefficient of variation (CoV) and standard deviation (SD) of force (standardized mean difference; SMD = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.31–1.28 and SMD = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.11–1.11). These findings were supported by moderate and low strength of evidence respectively. In the presence of experimental pain, meta‐analyses revealed reductions in force steadiness when measured by the CoV of force but not by the SD of force (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.01–0.99; and SMD = 0.44, 95% CI = −0.04 to 0.92), each supported by very low strength of evidence.

Conclusions

This work demonstrates that pain, particularly clinical pain, impairs force steadiness. Such impairments likely have clinical relevance and could become targets for treatment when managing people experiencing musculoskeletal pain.

Significance Statement

This systematic review and meta‐analyses enhances our understanding of motor impairments observed in people experiencing musculoskeletal pain. It underscores the significance of incorporating force steadiness assessment when managing individuals experiencing musculoskeletal pain. Additionally, it suggests that future research should explore the potential benefits of force steadiness training in alleviating patients' symptoms and enhancing their functional performance. This could potentially lead to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for individuals suffering from musculoskeletal pain.
Italian report on RARE epilepsies (i‐RARE): A consensus on multidisciplinarity
Authors: Riva Antonella , Coppola Antonietta , Bisulli Francesca , Verrotti Alberto , Bagnasco Irene , Elia Maurizio , Darra Francesca , Lattanzi Simona , Meletti Stefano , La Neve Angela , Di Gennaro Giancarlo , Brambilla Isabella , Santoro Katia , Prisco Tommaso , Macari Francesca , Gambardella Antonio , di Bonaventura Carlo , Balestrini Simona , Marini Carla , Pruna Dario , Capovilla Giuseppe , Specchio Nicola , Gobbi Giuseppe , Striano Pasquale ,   the iRARE Study Group
Published: August 2024

Objective

Rare and complex epilepsies encompass a diverse range of disorders characterized by seizures. We aimed to establish a consensus on key issues related to these conditions through collaboration among experienced neurologists, neuropediatricians, and patient advocacy representatives.

Methods

Employing a modified Delphi method, a scientific board comprising 20 physicians and 4 patient advocacy representatives synthesized existing literature with their expertise to formulate statements on contentious topics. A final 32‐member expert panel, representing diverse regions of Italy, validated these statements through a two‐round voting process, with consensus defined as an average score ≥7.

Results

Sixteen statements reached a consensus, emphasizing the necessity for epidemiological studies to ascertain the true prevalence of rare epilepsies. Etiology emerged as a crucial factor influencing therapeutic strategies and outcome prediction, with particular concern regarding prolonged and tonic–clonic seizures. The importance of early implementation of specific drugs and non‐pharmacological interventions in the treatment algorithm for developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) was underscored. Multidisciplinary care involving experts with diverse skills was deemed essential, emphasizing non‐seizure outcomes in adolescence and adulthood.

Significance

This national consensus underscores the imperative for personalized, comprehensive, and multidisciplinary management of rare epilepsies/DEEs. It advocates for increased research, particularly in epidemiology and therapeutic approaches, to inform clinical decision‐making and healthcare policies, ultimately enhancing patients' outcomes.

Plain Language Summary

The modified Delphi method is broadly used to evaluate debated topics. In this work, we sought the consensus on integrated and social care in epilepsy management. Both representatives of high‐level epilepsy centers and patients' caregivers were directly involved.
A multi‐objective optimization metaheuristic hybrid technique for forecasting the electricity consumption of the UAE: A grey wolf approach
Authors: Karathanasopoulos Andreas , Lo Chia Chun , Sovan Mitra , Osman Mohamed , von Mettenheim Hans‐Jörg , Skander Slim
Published: August 2024

By implementing a multi‐objective optimization approach in forecasting, we introduce three optimization models grey wolf optimizer, genetic algorithm, and differential evolution algorithm combined with multilayer perceptron neural networks and support vector machines to predict electricity consumption in the UAE. The hybrid models' accuracy and efficiency were evaluated using various forecasting metrics. This study's contributions are threefold: it is the first to employ such a sophisticated hybrid approach, particularly using the recently introduced grey wolf optimizer, it compares optimization techniques with the established Pearson correlation‐based method for dimensionality reduction and it represents one of the most extensive macroeconomic forecasts in the UAE using multi‐objective heuristic hybrid optimization methods. Our findings indicate that the grey wolf optimizer significantly outperforms all other models, followed by the genetic algorithm.
Specification of the health production function and its behavioral implications
Authors: Bolin Kristian , Caputo Michael R.
Published: August 2024

The health production function of the canonical health‐capital model is generalized to allow the state of health to affect the total and marginal products of health investment. If the total and marginal products of health investment are nonincreasing functions of the state of health, then the solution of the generalized model is locally qualitatively identical to that of the canonical model. Moreover, and in contrast to the canonical model, the generalized model is able to rationalize the cycling of the state of health and health investment observed in some individuals. The necessary conditions on the health production function for cyclical behavior are identified as well.
Unsteady MHD viscous dissipative Kuvshinski fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate with radiation, Soret, and Joule heating effect
Authors: Khayer Saleem Jabed Al , Chakraborty Shyamanta
Published: August 2024

This paper scrutinizes the combined effect of radiation, Soret, Joule heating, and chemical reaction on an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic visco‐elastic (Kuvshiniski type) fluid flow over an infinite vertical moving plate. The viscous dissipation, heat source, thermal and solutal buoyancy forces are taken into account. The plate is assumed to be embedded in a porous media and a transverse magnetic field is applied to the stream. The nondimensional governing equations are solved analytically using perturbation techniques. The influences of various dimensionless parameters on fluid velocity, temperature and concentration profiles, as well as the skin‐friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are analyzed and discussed graphically. Also, the present results are compared with previous studies and is found to be in excellent agreement. It has been shown that rising Soret numbers cause velocity, temperature and concentration to rise. Further, a hike in visco‐elastic parameter leads to decrease in motion, temperature and concentration profile.
Practical estimation and use of natural background concentrations in surface waters for nickel in Europe
Authors: Wilson Iain , Peters Adam , Merrington Graham , Middleton Ellie , Schlekat Christian , Garman Emily
Published: August 2024

Estimates of ambient background concentrations in surface waters, referred to as natural background concentrations (NBCs) in European guidance documents, may be an important factor in determining whether a monitoring site meets the legally binding Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) when assessing naturally occurring substances. Here, we focus on utilizing routine regulatory surface water monitoring data to provide risk assessors and environmental practitioners with a transparent, implementable, repeatable, and resource-effective approach to estimate NBCs. The methodology does not use additional environmental sampling beyond that which is routine or require advanced statistical methods, or the incorporation of highly specialist, and not always readily accessible, local knowledge. It determines both whether a site is suitable for NBC assessment as well as the identification of suitable surrogate sites and local NBCs using 11 criteria: six for identifying if a site is suitable for NBC correction, and five for identifying suitable surrogate sites for local NBC values. The criteria consider both the extent of any EQS exceedance, after accounting for bioavailability in line with the European guidance and potential anthropogenic impacts at the site, and can be applied in a simple sequential procedure. The method has been applied to derive NBCs for nickel on three case-study countries—Cyprus, France, and Spain—to determine its useability and impact on compliance. The methodology presented addresses a gap in the current guidance regarding the practical and consistent implementation of NBCs and could be applied to other naturally occurring substances in an EQS or Water Quality Guideline compliance assessment process. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2128–2141. © 2024 WCA Environment Ltd and NiPERA Inc. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

Key Points

A methodology is presented utilizing routine regulatory surface water monitoring data to provide risk assessors and environmental practitioners with a transparent, implementable, repeatable, and resource-effective approach to estimate natural background concentrations (NBCs). The methodology determines both whether a site is suitable for NBC assessment as well as the identification of suitable surrogate sites and local NBCs using 11 criteria: six for identifying if a site is suitable for NBC correction, and five for identifying suitable surrogate sites for local NBC values. The method has been applied to derive NBCs for nickel on three case-study countries—Cyprus, France, and Spain—to determine its useability and impact on compliance.
Recurrent cervical cancer detection using DNA methylation markers in self‐collected samples from home
Authors: Schaafsma Mirte , van den Helder Rianne , Mom Constantijne H. , Steenbergen Renske D. M. , Bleeker Maaike C. G. , van Trommel Nienke E.
Published: August 2024

Early detection of recurrent cervical cancer is important to improve survival rates. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical performance of DNA methylation markers and high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervicovaginal self‐samples and urine for the detection of recurrent cervical cancer. Cervical cancer patients without recurrence (n = 47) collected cervicovaginal self‐samples and urine pre‐ and posttreatment. Additionally, 20 patients with recurrent cervical cancer collected cervicovaginal self‐samples and urine at time of recurrence. All samples were self‐collected at home and tested for DNA methylation and high‐risk HPV DNA by PCR. In patients without recurrent cervical cancer, DNA methylation levels decreased 2‐years posttreatment compared to pretreatment in cervicovaginal self‐samples (p < .0001) and urine (p < .0001). DNA methylation positivity in cervicovaginal self‐samples was more frequently observed in patients with recurrence (77.8%) than in patients without recurrence 2‐years posttreatment (25.5%; p = .0004). Also in urine, DNA methylation positivity was more frequently observed in patients with recurrence (65%) compared to those without recurrence (35.6%; p = .038). Similarly, high‐risk HPV positivity in both cervicovaginal self‐samples and urine was more frequent (52.6% and 55%, respectively) in patients with recurrence compared to patients without recurrence (14.9% and 8.5%, respectively) (p = .004 and p = .0001). In conclusion, this study shows the potential of posttreatment monitoring of cervical cancer patients for recurrence by DNA methylation and high‐risk HPV testing in cervicovaginal and urine samples collected at home. The highest recurrence detection rate was achieved by DNA methylation testing in cervicovaginal self‐samples, detecting 77.8% of all recurrences and, specifically, 100% of the local recurrences.
Impact of respectful maternal care training of health care providers on satisfaction with birth experience in mothers undergoing normal vaginal birth: A prospective interventional study
Authors: Singh Meenakshi , Baruhee Shailley , Saxena Pikee
Published: August 2024

Objective

To study the impact of respectful maternity care (RMC) training of health care providers on RMC and birth satisfaction in mothers undergoing normal vaginal birth.

Methods

A prospective interventional study was performed comparing RMC and birth satisfaction in women undergoing vaginal births before and after RMC training of health care providers from November 2021 to March 2023 in a tertiary care center in India. Person‐centered maternity care (PCMC) and birth satisfaction scale‐revised (BSSR) scales were used to study women's RMC and birth satisfaction, respectively.

Results

A total of 100 women undergoing normal vaginal birth were enrolled in pre‐ and post‐intervention phases. The intervention was done through formal and onsite training of health care providers in RMC. The mean total PCMC scale score in the post‐training group demonstrated a remarkable increase to 51.95 ± 6.50, significantly higher than the pre‐training mean of 32.82 ± 8.47 (P < 0.0001). The mean ± SD of the BSSR scale total score in the post‐training group increased significantly to 27.17 ± 3.67, surpassing the pre‐training mean of 21.19 ± 5.48 (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The study showed significant improvement in RMC and birth satisfaction score in the post‐training group thereby emphasizing the importance of RMC training of health care providers in the facility.
Influence of emotional states on incongruity‐resolution and nonsense humour processing
Authors: Soh Roy , Wu Ching‐Lin , Tsai Ping‐Hsun , Chen Hsueh‐Chih
Published: August 2024

Humour processing is complex and may be influenced by an individual's emotional state. This study explores the differences in incongruity‐resolution and nonsense joke humour processing between three groups with different emotional states (positive, neutral and negative). Each group consisted of 32 participants. The positive and negative emotion groups were asked to elicit positive and negative emotions, respectively, through autobiographical recall. In contrast, the neutral emotion group was asked to answer questions unrelated to emotions. Participants were also asked to rate their emotional valence, arousal and conformity with the provided emotion words. Subsequently, they were directed to rate their humour appreciation, humour comprehension and level of surprise at the jokes. The results indicate that these variables interacted with the level of amusement derived from the two humour types. The positive emotion group perceived nonsense jokes as funnier than the negative emotion group, while the negative emotion group perceived nonsense jokes as less amusing than incongruity‐resolution jokes. No significant difference was found between the three emotion groups in terms of humour comprehension and surprise at the jokes. The results deepen the understanding of the correlation between emotional states and processing of different humour types.
On the nature of ergastic substances in the seeds of some Nigerian Leguminosae – II
Authors: Gill L. S. , Olabanji G. O. , Husaini S. W. H.
Published: August 2024

Seeds of 49 species of Leguminosae from Nigeria were examined for the presence of starch grains, proteins and fats and oils. Out of 32 species of Papilionoideae, 23 species are devoid of starch. In Caesalpinoideae, the starch grains were determined only in two species and only one species of Mimosoideae was found to contain starch grains. The morphological characteristics of starch grains are given. In general, arborescent taxa lack starch grains.
Growth Phase Matters: Boosting immunity via Lacticasebacillus‐derived membrane vesicles and their interactions with TLR2 pathways
Authors: Sandanusova Miriam , Turkova Kristyna , Pechackova Eva , Kotoucek Jan , Roudnicky Pavel , Sindelar Martin , Kubala Lukas , Ambrozova Gabriela
Published: August 2024

Lipid bi‐layered particles known as membrane vesicles (MVs), produced by Gram‐positive bacteria are a communication tool throughout the entire bacterial growth. However, the MVs characteristics may vary across all stages of maternal culture growth, leading to inconsistencies in MVs research. This, in turn, hinders their employment as nanocarriers, vaccines and other medical applications. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively characterize MVs derived from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CCM7091 isolated at different growth stages: early exponential (6 h, MV6), late exponential (12 h, MV12) and late stationary phase (48 h, MV48). We observed significant differences in protein content between MV6 and MV48 (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD041580), likely contributing to their different immunomodulatory capacities. In vitro analysis demonstrated that MV48 uptake rate by epithelial Caco‐2 cells is significantly higher and they stimulate an immune response in murine macrophages RAW 264.7 (elevated production of TNFα, IL‐6, IL‐10, NO). This correlated with increased expression of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and enhanced TLR2 signalling in MV48, suggesting that LTA contributes to the immunomodulation. In conclusion, we showed that Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CCM7091‐derived MVs from the late stationary phase boost the immune response the most effectively, which pre‐destines them for therapeutical application as nanocarriers.
Engineered extracellular vesicles coated with an antimicrobial peptide for advanced control of bacterial sepsis
Authors: Ibrahim Usri H. , Gafar Mohammed A. , Khan Rene , Tageldin Abdelrahman , Govender Thirumala , Mackraj Irene
Published: August 2024

Alarming sepsis‐related mortality rates present significant challenges to healthcare services globally. Despite advances made in the field, there is still an urgent need to develop innovative approaches that could improve survival rates and reduce the overall cost of treatment for sepsis patients. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel multifunctional therapeutic agent for advanced control of bacterial sepsis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma cells) (iEV) displayed an average particle size of 171.63 ± 2.77 nm, a poly dispersion index (PDI) of 0.32 ± 0.0, and a zeta potential (ZP) of −11.87 ± 0.18 mV. Compared to HepG2 EV, LPS induction significantly increases the EV protein concentration, PDI and ZP, reduces the average size and promotes cell proliferation and cytoprotective effects of the isolated EVs (iEVs) against LPS‐induced cytotoxicity. Coating of iEV with a cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) to form PC‐iEV slightly changed their physical properties and shifted their surface charge toward neutral values. This modification improved the antibacterial activity (2‐fold lower minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] values) and biocompatibility of the conjugated peptide while maintaining iEV cytoprotective and anti‐inflammatory activities. Our findings indicate the superior anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial dual activity of PC‐iEV against pathogens associated with sepsis.
Baseline‐to‐loaded changes in regional tibial cartilage thickness, T1ρ and T2: Utilization of an MRI compatible loading device
Authors: Argentieri Erin C. , Pekmezian Ashley , Wach Arden , Zhu Andrew , Bansal Sonia , Breighner Ryan E. , Leatherman Erin R. , Potter Hollis G. , Maher Suzanne A. , Koff Matthew F.
Published: August 2024

The objective of the study was to evaluate tibial cartilage thickness (TCT), T1ρ and T2 values within both loaded and baseline configurations in a cadaveric knee model using a 3D bone based tibial coordinate system. Ten intact cadaveric knees were mounted into an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible loading device. Morphologic and quantitative MRI (qMRI) images were acquired with the knee in a baseline configuration and after application of 50% body weight. The morphologic images were evaluated for cartilage degeneration using a modified Noyes scoring system. A 3D bone‐based tibial coordinate system was utilized to evaluate regional changes of tibial T1ρ, T2, and cartilage thickness values among regions covered and uncovered by the meniscus. Inter‐regional differences in medial and lateral MRI outcomes were found between loaded and baseline configurations. Cartilage regions covered by the meniscus demonstrated disparate qMRI and TCT results as compared to cartilage regions not covered by the meniscus. The regions covered by meniscus experienced a ~3.5%, ~0.5%, and ~5.5% reduction of T1ρ (p < 0.05, medial and lateral compartments), T2 and TCT, respectively, in both compartments while regions not covered by the meniscus experienced larger reductions of ~10%, ~2%, and ~10.5% reduction of T1ρ (p < 0.05, medial and lateral compartments), T2 and TCT (p < 0.05, lateral compartment only), respectively, in both compartments. T1ρ and T2 decreases following application of 50% body weight load were substantially larger in the tibial regions with modified Noyes grade 3 (n = 2) compared to either healthy regions (n = 85, p < 0.0.003) or regions with modified Noyes grade 2 (n = 13, p < 0.004). Interregional differences in MRI outcomes reflect variations in structure and function, and largely followed a pattern in cartilage regions that were covered or not covered by the meniscus. Results of the current study suggest that ΔT1ρ and ΔT2 values may be sensitive to superficial fissuring, more than baseline or loaded T1ρ or T2 values, or TCT alone, however future studies with additional specimens, with greater variability in OA grade distribution, may further emphasize the current findings.
Novel Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Microvascular Blood Flow for Non‐Operative Management of Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis in Children
Authors: Kosaka Seitaro , Toma Miki , Asai Nobuyoshi , Yanai Toshihiro
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To determine whether superb microvascular imaging (SMI) provides a more precise delineation between reversible and irreversible stages of uncomplicated acute appendicitis managed non‐operatively.

Methods

This prospective clinical study examined pediatric patients with acute appendicitis initially treated non‐operatively and evaluated using power Doppler (PD) and SMI. We determined case severity, monitor appendiceal blood flow (BF), and appendicitis reversibility. Complicated cases were excluded. Severity was classified using B‐mode as well as PD, or SMI: Grade I, smooth wall/normal BF; Grade IIa, irregular wall/increased BF; Grade IIb, irregular wall/decreased BF; and Grade III, absence of wall/loss of BF.

Results

This study examined a total of 100 patients with acute appendicitis, after excluding 29 patients. All 10 patients with normal BF on PD (Grade I) showed similar BF on SMI (Grade I). Among 29 patients with increased BF on PD (Grade IIa), corresponding increased BF was noted on SMI (Grade IIa), and all these patients showed full recovery. Of the 55 patients showing decreased BF on PD (Grade IIb), 52 showed increased BF on SMI (Grade IIa). The remaining three patients, identified with an impacted appendicolith, showed decreased BF on SMI (Grade IIb) and experienced treatment failure, subsequently developing abscesses. In all six patients with undetectable BF on PD (Grade III), SMI similarly could not detect appendiceal BF (Grade III), and non‐operative management failed for these patients.

Conclusions

SMI offers an objective and effective means of delineating the threshold between reversible and irreversible stages in uncomplicated acute appendicitis following non‐operative management.
The Ultrasound Perspective for Sternoclavicular Joint in Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Fang Yabin , Li Wenting , Yang Kaiyi , Gong Yiran , Yan Lei , Chen Shuqiang
Published: August 2024

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a prevalent genetic disorder that significantly impairs mobility, particularly in the spine, sacroiliac, and peripheral joints. Recent evidence highlights early involvement of the sternoclavicular joint in SpA, which may serve as an initial indicator. Diagnosis often relies on CT and MRI, neglecting ultrasound's potential in identifying SpA‐related sternoclavicular arthritis. This review focuses on the joint's anatomy, exploring ultrasound's diagnostic and therapeutic role in SpA‐related sternoclavicular arthritis, aiming to provide insights for future ultrasound applications in SpA management.
Preoperative Ultrasound Radomics to Predict Posthepatectomy Liver Failure in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Xue Liyun , Zhu Juncheng , Fang Yan , Xie Xiaoyan , Cheng Guangwen , Zhang Yan , Yu Jinhua , Guo Jia , Ding Hong
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is a major cause of postoperative mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The study aimed to develop a method based on the two‐dimensional shear wave elastography and clinical data to evaluate the risk of PHLF in HCC patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Methods

This multicenter study proposed a deep learning model (PHLF‐Net) incorporating dual‐modal ultrasound features and clinical indicators to predict the PHLF risk. The datasets were divided into a training cohort, an internal validation cohort, an internal independent testing cohort, and three external independent testing cohorts. Based on ResNet50 pretrained on ImageNet, PHLF‐Net used a progressive training strategy with images of varying granularity and incorporated conventional B‐mode and elastography images and clinical indicators related to liver reserve function.

Results

In total, 532 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy at five hospitals were enrolled. PHLF occurred in 147 patients (27.6%, 147/532). The PHLF‐Net combining dual‐modal ultrasound and clinical indicators demonstrated high effectiveness for predicting PHLF, with AUCs of 0.957 and 0.923 in the internal validation and testing sets, and AUCs of 0.950, 0.860, and 1.000 in the other three independent external testing sets. The performance of PHLF‐Net outperformed models of single‐ and dual‐modal US.

Conclusions

Preoperative ultrasound imaging combining clinical indicators can effectively predict the PHLF probability in patients with HCC. In the internal and external validation sets, PHLF‐Net demonstrated its usefulness in predicting PHLF.
Stabilization of solutions of marine riser equations
Authors: Ahmedov S.Z. , Kalantarov V.K. , Namazov A.A.
Published: August 2024

We study the problem of stabilization to zero stationary state of nonlinear fourth‐order wave equation with nonlinear damping term modelling dynamics of marine riser by feedback control terms that employ finitely many Fourier modes. Additionally, we demonstrate that the corresponding equation with linear damping, which represents the dynamics of pipes conveying fluids, can be exponentially stabilized by a feedback controller employing a finite number of Fourier modes.
Impact of long‐COVID on the local and global efficiency of brain networks
Authors: Travi Fermín , Hernández Micaela A. , Bianchi Bruno , Crivelli Lucía , Allegri Ricardo F. , Fernández Slezak Diego , Calandri Ismael L. , Kamienkowski Juan E.
Published: August 2024

Background and purpose

Subjective cognitive complaints post‐COVID‐19, known as long‐COVID, have unclear effects on neural activity. This study explores the neural basis of these cognitive impairments by comparing resting‐state functional networks of long‐COVID individuals to a control group.

Methods

Forty‐two individuals with cognitive complaints persisting 24 weeks post COVID‐19 infection and 43 age‐, sex‐ and education‐matched healthy controls without a history of infection were studied using resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) and the Uniform Data Set (UDS‐3) neurocognitive test battery (NCT). Neuropsychological scores were adjusted to the mean and grouped into seven cognitive composites. The rs‐fMRI data were partitioned into seven distinct functional neural networks—Salience/Ventral Attention, Dorsal Attention, Default, Frontoparietal, Visual, Somatomotor, and Limbic—and their efficiency, largest connected component, and modularity (Q) were studied.

Results

The NCT scores yielded statistically significant differences in long‐COVID subjects compared to controls at attention, language, memory, executive, and global composites. We observed significant differences (p < .001) in the global and mean local efficiency of the Salience/Ventral Attention and Global networks, and to a lesser extent (p < .005 and p < .01) in the Default and Dorsal Attention networks.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal significant group‐level differences in executive, attentional, language, and memory outcomes, alongside less efficient and organized connections among Salience/Ventral Attention and Global networks.
Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the empowerment scale for pregnant women
Authors: Liu Yanjia , Che Chong Chin , Hamdan Mukhri , Chong Mei Chan
Published: August 2024

Empowering pregnant women is a crucial process that healthcare providers should evaluate, as empowerment is a meaningful indicator that can reflect the impact of health promotion and education in antenatal care. The Empowerment Scale for Pregnant Women (ESPW) is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring empowerment. The cross‐sectional study was conducted to translate and validate the psychometric properties of the ESPW among 526 pregnant women in China. The forward‐backward method was used to translate the English version of the ESPW into the Chinese version. Reliability was examined with the internal consistency and test‐retest coefficients. Validity was analyzed with structural, dimensionality, convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. The Cronbach's α value of 0.97 and the intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], [0.96, 0.99]) demonstrated excellent internal consistency and test‐retest reliability. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that five factors with eigenvalues > 1 explained 68.41% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis verified an acceptable model that fit the data exceptionally. The Chinese‐translated version of the ESPW (CV‐ESPW) had acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. Concurrent validity was supported by the correlation between the total scores of the CV‐ESPW and the Chinese version of the Patient Perceptions of the Empowerment Scale (r = 0.64, p < 0.001). The CV‐ESPW is a valid and reliable assessment tool for measuring pregnant women's empowerment in China and can potentially contribute to evaluating the effectiveness of programs that empower pregnant women.
Integrating polyurethane‐silicone rubber‐nanohybrid systems for improved wearable pressure sensing
Authors: Nabeel Mohammed , Addie Ali J. , Viskolcz Béla , Kollar Mariann , Fiser Béla , Vanyorek László
Published: August 2024

Flexible pressure sensors (FPS) are crucial for emerging applications like wearable electronics, human activity monitoring, and soft robotics. This study reports a scalable and cost‐effective approach to fabricate high‐performance piezoresistive FPS based on polyurethane‐silicone rubber (PU‐SR) nanocomposites. The synergistic integration of nitrogen‐doped bamboo‐shaped carbon nanotubes (N‐BCNT) and carbon black (CB) nanofillers within the PU‐SR matrix was achieved via a novel dip‐coating and impregnation method. This technique enabled uniform nanofiller dispersion, enhancing electrical conductivity and mechanical stability. Comprehensive characterization using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), zeta potential, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and micro‐computed tomography (Micro‐CT) elucidated the structural features and morphological aspects. The optimized N‐BCNT:CB/PU‐SR nanocomposite exhibited exceptional piezoresistive performance, with a sensitivity of 0.4 kPa−1 in the 0–120 kPa range and 0.07 kPa−1 in the 180–1000 kPa range, along with remarkable durability over cyclic loading. When deployed as an electronic skin (e‐skin), the sensor accurately detected various human motions, including finger, wrist, elbow, and knee movements, as well as twisting and stretching actions. This work shows a promising route towards fabricating cost‐effective, flexible, and high‐performance pressure sensors with significant implications for wearable technologies and soft robotics.

Highlights

Hybrid Nanocomposite sensors achieve high sensitivity over a broad pressure range.

N‐CNTs and CB enhance piezoresistivity and durability in PU‐SR nanocomposites.

Flexible sensors detect multi‐joint human motions accurately.

Alternative dip‐coating technique ensures uniform nanofiller distribution.

Cost‐efficient sensors design suitable for wearable e‐skin applications.
Chemical and Electronic Structure of the i‐ZnO/InxSy:Na Front Contact Interface in Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Thin‐Film Solar Cells
Authors: Hauschild Dirk , Meyer Frank , Benkert Andreas , Dalibor Thomas , Blum Monika , Yang Wanli , Reinert Friedrich , Heske Clemens , Weinhardt Lothar
Published: August 2024

The chemical and electronic structure of the front contact i‐ZnO/InxSy:Na interface for Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2‐based thin‐film solar cells is investigated using a combination of x‐ray and electron spectroscopies. Upon i‐ZnO sputter deposition on the InxSy:Na buffer layer, we find an intermixed heterojunction and the formation of InOx and Na2SO4. The window layer is shown to consist of a mixture of Zn(OH)2 and ZnO, with decreasing relative Zn(OH)2 content for thicker window layers. Moreover, we observe diffusion of sodium to the surface of the window layer. We derive electronic surface band gaps of the i‐ZnO and InxSy:Na layers of 3.86 ± 0.18 eV and 2.60 ± 0.18 eV, respectively, and find a largely flat conduction band alignment at the i‐ZnO/InxSy:Na interface.
Registration of ‘Tamcot H12’ cotton cultivar
Authors: Smith C. Wayne , Hague Steve , Tolleson Marshall , Jones Don
Published: August 2024

Texas is expected to experience higher night and day temperatures and more extreme and erratic rainfall in the future. Along with the impacts of climate change, the majority of current cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hectarage is expected to have less irrigation water available as the Ogallala aquafer continues to decline. Both of these realities suggest that many of Texas’ cotton producers will return to dryland production which will require reducing input cost, for example, using genetically modified cultivars. Currently, conventional cotton planting seed are about 25% lower in cost per hectare than genetically modified cultivars. Currently, most cultivars offered for sale to Texas producers are transgenic with few conventional cultivars available. The public breeding programs of Texas A&M AgriLife Research develop germplasm with improved traits for private industry and conventional cultivars with yield potential for Texas environments, both irrigated and dryland. ‘Tamcot H12’ (Reg. no. CV‐148, PI 705604) was derived from a complex pedigree involving ‘DP 491’ (PI 618609), TAM 96WD‐18, TAM 91C‐95Ls, and ‘DP Acala 90’ (PVP 8100143). Tamcot H12 performed as well or better than most current cultivars in trials in Texas and across the US Cotton Belt. Tamcot H12 will provide producers with another conventional cotton variety.
Uniformly sized and self‐assembled maleic anhydride/vinyl acetate/acrylamide terpolymer core–shell nanoparticles fabricated by self‐stabilized precipitation polymerization
Authors: Li Jianfei , Zhao Hongchi , Yang Wantai
Published: August 2024

Copolymer particles containing anhydride and amide groups are widely utilized in oilfields and medication releases because of their high specific surface area, excellent biocompatibility, and water solubility. Here, the self‐stabilized precipitation (2SP) method was used to create maleic anhydride (MAH)/vinyl acetate (VAc)/acrylamide (AM) terpolymer (PMVA) microspheres. Terpolymer composition was highly dependent on monomer feed ratio and microspheres with diameters in the range of about 228–1048 nm could be prepared by altering reaction parameters. Notably, AM was consumed completely within a short period of time owing to high monomer reactivity, MAH and VAc continuing to copolymerize in an alternating manner. Thus self‐assembled core–shell particle with poly(MAH‐co‐VAc‐co‐AM) as core and poly(MAH‐alt‐VAc) as shell (PMVA@PMV) was readily achieved. PMVA particles can be scaled up to application platforms of hydrogel, oil recovery, and scale inhibition. Meanwhile, this contribution broadened the preparation process of core–shell material and can be applied to interface materials by simple modification.
Quantitative systems pharmacology model of α‐synuclein pathology in Parkinson's disease‐like mouse for investigation of passive immunotherapy mechanisms
Authors: Ivanova Olga , Karelina Tatiana
Published: August 2024

The main pathophysiological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the accumulation of aggregated alpha‐synuclein (αSyn). Microglial activation is an early event in PD and may play a key role in pathological αSyn aggregation and transmission, as well as in clearance of αSyn and immunotherapy efficacy. Our aim was to investigate how different proposed mechanisms of anti‐αSyn immunotherapy may contribute to pathology reduction in various PD‐like mouse models. Our mechanistic model of PD pathology in mouse includes αSyn production, aggregation, degradation and distribution in neurons, secretion into interstitial fluid, internalization, and subsequent clearance by neurons and microglia. It describes the influence of neuroinflammation on PD pathogenesis and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Multiple data from mouse PD models were used for calibration and validation. Simulations of anti‐αSyn passive immunotherapy adequately reproduce preclinical data and suggest that (1) immunotherapy is efficient in the reduction of aggregated αSyn in various models of PD‐like pathology; (2) prevention of aSyn spread only does not reduce the pathology; (3) a decrease in microglial inflammatory activation and aSyn aggregation may be alternative therapy approaches in PD‐like pathology.
Light‐Induced Degradation Transition Energy Barrier Measured by Photoluminescence Spectra in Si:In
Authors: Peh Katharina , Bratek Dominik , Lauer Kevin , Müller Robin Lars Benedikt , Schulze Dirk , Flötotto Aaron , Krischok Stefan
Published: August 2024

The impact of light‐induced degradation (LID) treatments is investigated using low‐temperature photoluminescence in Si:In. A feature called as the P‐line, located at 1.118 eV, provides information on the decisive energy barrier for the LID effect. The intensity of the P‐line can be reproducibly influenced by illumination and annealing treatments. The decay of the P‐line after quenching, illumination, and moderate annealing of the silicon samples is measured as function of time and annealing temperature. Both indium‐doped as‐grown Czochralski and indium implanted float‐zone silicon wafers are examined and their behavior is compared. Based on these measurements, an energy barrier for the P‐line defect transition is calculated. The LID defect model is used to discuss the results.
Physics–dynamics–chemistry coupling across different meshes in LFRic‐Atmosphere: Formulation and idealised tests
Authors: Brown Alex , Bendall Thomas M. , Boutle Ian , Melvin Thomas , Shipway Ben
Published: August 2024

The main components of an atmospheric model for numerical weather prediction are the “dynamical core,” which describes the resolved flow, and the “physical parametrisation,” which capture the effects of non‐fluid and non‐resolved fluid processes. Additionally, models used for air quality or climate applications may include a component that represents the evolution of chemicals and aerosols within the atmosphere. Though, traditionally, all these components use the same mesh with the same grid spacing, we present a formulation for the different components to use a series of nested meshes, with different horizontal grid spacings. This gives the model greater flexibility in the allocation of computational resources, so that resolution can be targeted to those parts that provide the greatest benefits in accuracy. The formulation presented here concerns the methods for mapping fields between meshes and is designed for the compatible finite‐element discretisation used by LFRic‐Atmosphere, the Met Office's next‐generation atmosphere model. Key properties of the formulation include the consistent and conservative transport of tracers on a mesh that is coarser than the dynamical core, and the handling of moisture to ensure mass conservation without generation of unphysical negative values. Having presented the formulation, it is then demonstrated through a series of idealised test cases that show the feasibility of this approach.
Bisindolylmethanes and Relative Compounds: Synthesis, Green Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Environmental Pollution Control
Authors: Lipson Victoria , Shirobokova Maria , Vakula Volodymyr
Published: August 2024

The review discusses methods for the synthesis of bisidolylmethanes and the prospects for using these compounds in the drug design, as sensors in the biomedical research and in the environmental pollution control.
AIE‐Based Sensor Combination for Oleic Acid/Elaidic Acid Discriminating and Sensing
Authors: Shi Yufeng , Yang Xiaofei , Wu Shengnan , Fan Hongying , Zhou Chengcheng , Yao Hang , Wang Chengyin , Chong Hui
Published: August 2024

Two aggregation induced emission molecules (TPE‐MZ and QM‐Py‐TPE) have been synthesized and characterized. Similar to conventional AIE based molecules, both molecules displayed good sensitivity towards water fraction and viscosity of dispersing medium. The fluorescent emission intensity of TPE‐MZ gradually reduced with increasing concentration of oleic acid and elaidic acid within the range of 0.2–5 mM. The inflection points of TPE‐MZ fluorescent emission maximum for oleic acid and elaidic acid were observed at 1.40 and 0.80 mM, respectively. The corresponding inflection points of QM‐Py‐TPE were 1.80 and 2.00 mM for oleic acid and elaidic acid, respectively. Sensor combination (TPE‐MZ:QM‐Py‐TPE=2 : 1) emitted pink and yellow fluorescence in elaidic and oleic acid. Fluorescent emission ratio of I646/I508 of sensor combination displayed acceptable linear relationship (R2=0.9826) with concentration of oleic acid (within the concentration of 4 mM). Thus, the sensor combination was capable of oleic acid and elaidic acid naked‐eye discriminating and quantitively sensing.
Impact of H2 Reduction on the Performance and Stability of Phenol Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) Over Cu−Ce/AC Catalysts
Authors: Chen KangDi , Chai Siqi , Li Guoqiang , Li Zeyu , Wang Youqian , Li Heting , Ma Liwei , Wei Mai , Zhang Guojie , Wang Ying
Published: August 2024

In this study, we utilized the carbon precursor derived from walnut shells to synthesize a series of Ce‐modified Cu‐based carbon catalysts (Cu−Ce/AC) via the impregnation method. We investigated the performance and stability of Cu−Ce/AC catalysts for CWAO phenol after H2 reduction at various temperatures. The Cu−Ce/AC‐250 catalyst exhibited its highest performance at 250 °C, achieving complete phenol conversion. Characterization results from techniques including XRD, BET, FTIR, ICP‐OES, SEM‐EDS, XPS, and H2‐TPR indicated that the active components of the H2‐reduced catalysts were more evenly distributed across the catalyst surface, thereby enhancing the availability of reactive sites for phenol oxidation. Simultaneously, under the appropriate temperature, the H2 atmosphere can reduce a portion of the Cu2+ on the catalyst surface to Cu+, thereby mitigating the loss of Cu components.