bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAKO VASPITAČI I UČITELJI PREPOZNAJU I REAGUJU NA VRŠNJAČKO NASILJE
Authors: Lepičnik Vodopivec Jurka , Šindić Aleksandra
Published: May 2024

Fenomen vršnjačkog nasilja u školama i vrtićima, kažu nadležni u školi, iz godine u godinu je sve veći. Zbog toga je stvaranje sigurnog, podsticajnog i nenasilnog okruženja zadatak svih odraslih, a posebno vaspitača i učitelja, a percepcija i prepoznavanje vršnjačkog nasilja ključna je za njegovu prevenciju. Davanje nadimaka, šutiranje, saplitanje, samo su neki od oblika nasilja koji se svakodnevno dešavaju u našim školama i vrtićima. Uloga vaspitača i učitelja u vrtićima i školama je velika; osim učenja, njihov posao je i da prepoznaju znakove nasilnika kao i žrtava kako bi što prije reagovali i pomogli. Cilj ovog rada je pobliže ispitati percepciju vršnjačkog nasilja u vrtićima i školama iz ugla vaspitača i učitelja te njihovo ponašanje kao odgovor na nasilje. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 25 vaspitača i 25 učitelja. Rezultati dobijeni na osnovu odgovora ispitanika ukazuju da su oblici vršnjačkog nasilja s kojim se vaspitači i učitelji najčešće susreću i suočavaju: uznemiravanje i šamaranje, udaranje nogama, prijetnje i ucjene. Uočeno je da kada prepoznaju vršnjačko nasilje, učitelji i vaspitači pokušavaju da uspostave strategije zasnovane na komunikaciji i dijalogu s poštovanjem i razumijevanju između učesnika.
SAVREMENI PRISTUP OBRAZOVANJU DJECE I MLADIH KROZ KONCEPT UČENJA NA DALJINU
Authors: Ljeljak Husein , Gudelj Nadežda
Published: May 2024

Današnji učenici su se radikalno promijenili. Oni nisu promijenili samo odjeću i stil u odnosu na prijašnje, nego na potpuno drugačiji način razmišljaju i obrađuju informacije od svojih prethodnika. Oni prolaze i doživljavaju drugačija iskustva od prijašnjih učenika. Zahvaljujući eri tehnologije stvorena je nova generacija učenika koja znanja usvaja na drugačiji način od onoga u školama. Današnje generacije uče efikasnije koristeći dostignuća informaciono – komunikacione tehnologije. Upravo, ova činjenica ukazuje na potrebu radikalnih promjena u obrazovnom sistemu koji je neophodno reformisati i prilagoditi potrebama novih generacija mladih ako želimo da ih pripremimo za život i izazove u XXI vijeku. Jedna od takvih promjena jeste i učenje na daljinu koje se preko noći počelo primjenjivati i u bosanskohercegovačkom obrazovnom sistemu zahvaljujući vanrednim okolnostima koje je uzrokovala pandemija virusa korona. Ipak, ovakav vid učenja pokazao je niz svojih prednosti i inovativnih mogućnosti koje odgovaraju potrebama i interesovanjima novih generacija učenika. Upravo i cilj ovog rada jeste da ukažemo na neke važne aspekte učenja na daljinu i obrazovne standarde kada je u pitanju ovaj vid učenja.
PORODIČNI RIZIČNI FAKTORI MALOLJETNIČKE DELINKVENCIJE
Authors: Macanović Nebojša , Ružičić Marko
Published: May 2024

Prema sociološkim teorijama, socijalni faktori su presudni za pojavu maloljetničke delinkvencije. Porodica se posmatra kao primarna socijalna sredina, unutar koje se mogu identifikovati zaštitni i/ili rizični faktori za pojavu maloljetničke delinkvencije. U istraživanju rizičnih porodičnih faktora pošlo se od pretpostavke da većina maloljetnih delinkvenata potiče iz porodica u kojima dominiraju nepovoljne socioekonomske karakteristike. Primijenjena je metoda analize sadržaja na uzorku od 105 dosijea maloljetnih delinkvenata, korisnika Dnevnog centra za maloljetnike Banja Luka. Nasuprot uvriježenom shvatanju, utvrđeno je da većina maloljetnih delinkvenata živi u potpunim i funkcionalnim porodicama u kojima nema obrazovne deprivacije a stambene i finansijske prilike su zadovoljavajuće. Zaključeno je da u prevenciji maloljetničke delinkvencije više pažnje treba usmjeriti na uticaje šireg društvenog okruženja. Shodno tome, važan teorijski okvir za djelovanje pomažućih profesija, među kojima i socijalnog rada, jesu teorije društvene anomije i socijalne isključenosti.
ПРОСЈАЧЕЊЕ МАЛОЛЕТНИКА КАО СОЦИОПАТОЛОШКА ПОЈАВА
Authors: Mirić Filip
Published: May 2024

Просјачење је понашање које има веома изражен антисоцијални и социопатолошки карактер. Оно је посебно опасно јер представља стил живота и угрожава опстанак појединца и функционисање друштва. Просјачење нарочито негативно делује на психички, физички и социјални развој деце и малолетника. У раду ће бити укратко анализиран сваки облик просјачења и истовремено указано на његову повезаност са криминалитетом малолетника. Рад је настао из потребе да се укаже на неопходност активног и синергијског деловања свих друштвених чинилаца са циљем сузбијања овог социопатолошког понашања, што је и његов примарни циљ.
SAMOPROCJENA PROMJENE PONAŠANJA PRIMJENOM DASS – 21 TESTA KOD MLADIH STUDENTICA
Authors: Pilipović Spasojević Olivera , Radukić - Vučić Slobodanka , Miladić Vid
Published: May 2024

Zdrava populacija mladih studentica u razdoblju razvijanja autonomije, samokontrole i sustreta sa novom sredinom početkom studiranja formiraju svoje društvene I profesionalne sposobnosti koji će uticati na kvalitet ţivota ali će taj period imati utjecaj na psihičko i fizičko zdravlje mladih ţena. Cilj rada je bio utvrditi nivo stresa, anksioznosti I depresivnosti mladih studentica sa DASS-21 testom za samoprocjenu..Metodologija: Epidemiološko opservaciono analitičko istraţivanje obuhvatilo je reprezentativan uzorak od 408 zdravih studentica starosti od 19 do 22 godine. Za testiranje smo koristili socio-demografski upitnik, standardizirani test DASS - 21 test (kratka verzija) za procjenu promjene ponašanja i antropometrijsko mjerenje teţine i indeksa tjelesne mase (BMI) je bio izvedeno sa Omron BF 510 medicinskim ureĎajem. Rezultati: Uzorak čine studentice prosječne starosti = 20,5 godina, visine 168,65 cm (SD = 6,01), tjelesne teţine 63,09 kg (SD = 9,9) i BMI 22,1 (SD = 3, 2). Analizom DASS -21 utvrĎena je visoka vrijednost α Cronbach-a (≥0.80). deskriptivnom analizom utvrdili smo Mean vrijednos za stres 17,2, za anksioznost 18 I depresivnost 6. Friedman test ( χ2 = 424,63 za df = i p = 0,000) koji je utvrdio da postoji jaka statistički značajna razlika izmeĎu 3 subskora. Sumarno, najveći procenat ozbiljnog i ekstremnog ponašanja imamo u kategoriji anksioznost 23,5%, potom u varijabli stres 18,6% i najmanja je u kategoriji depresivnost 10,5%. Potrebno je formirati multidiscilinarni tim sa različitim aktivnostima koje bi mladim ţenama pomogle u prevazilaţenja promjene ponašanja.
THE IMPACT OF GAMES AND MOBILE PHONES ON BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE
Authors: Emmanuel Oyekunle Boluwatife , Bisola Olufemi-ojo Olukemi
Published: May 2024

A very vital tool/device for communication, gathering of information, and recreation are mobile phones and games. In our contemporary society, there is no age limit successfully backed up by the law for the ownership or use of these devices as such sometimes, there is a high tendency for these devices to get into the wrong hands or better still immature hands at things that people don't understand and can't handle inflict effects and damages on such users. Many have advocated that the playing of games and the use of mobile phones have been very pivotal in the psychological and intellectual development of children and young people. However, some others have also postulated that the usage of these technological devices has inflicted some form of behavioral disorders in these children and young people.Thus, this study seeks to investigate the impact of games and mobile phones on behavioral disorders in children and young persons.
NAVIKE KORIŠTENJA DRUŠTVENE MREŽE FACEBOOK-A I SAMOPOUZDANJE KOD SREDNJOŠKOLACA
Authors: Zivlak-Radulović Nera
Published: May 2024

Osobe sa niskim samopouzdanjem mogu imati veće sklonosti ka učestalijem korištenju društvenih mreža jer im je tako lakše da ostvare socijalne kontakte ali to može biti i i razlogom razvoja zavisnosti od interneta i posljedica te zavisnosti. Cilj rada je bio da se ispitaju navike korištenja interneta i društvenih mreža kod srednjoškolaca i eventualna prisutnost nižeg samopouzdanja. Metoda rada: Urađena je anonimna online anketa koju je ispunilo 34 ispitanika starosne dobi od 16 do 19 godina. Anketa se sastojala iz dvije grupe pitanja.Prva grupa pitanja je bila iz strukturisanog intervjua ( Caci,Scrimi ,2017 g). koja je ispitivala navike korištenje interneta i Facebook-a. Druga grupa pitanja je bila iz skale samopoštovanja ( Rosenberg,1965 g.). Podaci su obrađeni kroz frekvencijsku analizu.
REHABILITACIJA UČINILACA KRIVIČNIH DJELA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI, REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ I REPUBLICI SRBIJI
Authors: Pleh Vildana , Bračković Elma , Bašić Melika
Published: May 2024

Rehabilitacija predstavlja pravo osuđene osobe da se nakon proteka određenog vremena od izdrţane kazne, te pod uslovima odreĎenim zakonom, smatra osobom koja nije počinila krivično djelo. Znači, svrha rehabilitacije je da obustavi negativno dejstvo pravnih posljedica osude, te da se na taj način bivši osuđenik izjednači u svim pravima sa ostalim građanima. Autorice u radu govore o pojmu, vrstama te historijskom toku razvoja sistema rehabilitacije. Ukazuju na probleme u vezi sa nastupanjem rehabilitacije, kao i na razlike u odnosu na slične krivičnopravne instute, koji mogu stvarati zabunu u poimanju ovog instituta. U najvećem dijelu rada, daju osvrt na aktuelna rješenja u propisima Bosne i Hercegovine, Republike Hrvatske i Republike Srbije, nagalašavajući važne sličnosti i razlike između navedenih rješenja i ukazujući na specifične institute, kaznene evidencije i posebne registre spesifičnih učinilaca pojedinih krivičnih djela.
OTROCI IN ZASVOJENOST V DRUŽINI
Authors: Rijavec Klobučar Nataša , Simonič Janez
Published: May 2024

Zasvojenost je velik javnozdravstveni in druţbeni problem. Zapleti zaradi zasvojenosti se lahko pojavljajo v javni ali zasebni sferi. V druţini, v kateri so starši odvisniki od substanc, se druţinska dinamika spremeni in razvijejo se spremljajoči pojavi, ki so škodljivi za psihosocialni razvoj otroka, posledice tega pa so vidne tudi v odraslosti. Pri številnih otrocih se pokaţe povečano tveganje za razvoj teţav na čustvenem, socialnem, vedenjskem in kognitivno-učnem področju, posledice pa so vidne tudi v njihovi odrasli dobi. V raziskavi smo preverjali, kakšna je povezanost med zlorabo substanc v izvorni druţini in nekaterimi okoliščinami ter vidiki doţivljanja v otroštvu (zloraba substanc, ocena funkcionalnosti druţinskega ţivljenja) in v odraslosti (zasvojenost, doţivljanje osebnih problemov in moči, regulacija čustev). Rezultati raziskave, v katero je bilo vključenih 465 udeležencev, kažejo, da več ko je bilo zlorabe substanc v izvorni družini, slabša je bila njena funkcionalnost in več je bilo v otroštvu različnih oblik zlorabe in zanemarjanja. Obstaja tudi statistično pomembna povezanost med zlorabo substanc v izvorni družini in več težav z zlorabo substanc v odraslosti, doţivljanjem niţje funkcionalnosti v odraslosti (več individualnih problemov in manj moči) ter več teţavami pri regulaciji čustev. Otroci zasvojenih staršev so zaradi obremenjujočih okoliščin v otroštvu bolj ranljivi za razvoj zapletov v otroštvu in odraslosti, zato je utemeljena in smiselna potreba po psihosocialni in terapevtski podpori, ki bo upoštevala področja, ki so v teh okoliščinah najbolj izpostavljena in prizadeta.
SOCIJALNO-PSIHOLOŠKE ODREDNICE SOCIJALIZACIJE MALOLJETNIKA NA IZVRŠENJU VASPITNE MJERE UPUĆIVANJA U VASPITNO-POPRAVNI DOM
Authors: Zimonja Maja , Radetić Lovrić Sanja , Mrđa Petar
Published: May 2024

S ciljem unapređenja tretmana u vaspitno-popravnom domu, ovo istraživanje je imalo za cilj da ispita socijalno-psihološke odrednice koje se odnose na socio-demografska, porodična, psihološka i kriminalna obiljeţja kod maloljetnika. Istraživanje je arhivskog tipa i izvršeno na uzorku od 100 dosijea maloljetnika, muškaraca (M= 17.63 godina) koji su u periodu od 2006. do 2021. godine izvršavali vaspitnu mjeru upućivanja u vaspitno-popravni dom. Podaci su se evidentirali na osnovu posebno konstruisanog upitnika za namjere ovog istraţivanja. Rezultati su pokazali da nivo obrazovanja maloljetnika i njihovih roditelja, doživljena stresna životna iskustva i rani indikatori kriminalne karijere predstavljaju značajne indikatore kreiranja i ishoda tretmana u ustanovi. Dobijeni rezultati su prodiskutovani u skladu sa prepoznatim problemima u praksi, a potkrepljeni su dovođenjem u vezu sa ranijim studijama.
TERORISTIČKE AKTIVNOSTI KAO REZULTAT DEVIJANTNOG PONAŠANJA POJEDINCA
Authors: Buvač Mišel
Published: May 2024

Devijantnim ponašanjem pojedinca smatra se svako opšte-društveno odstupanje od ustaljenih društvenih normi koje ima za posljedicu izopačeno ponašanje same njegove ličnosti. Nije nimalo lak zadatak u početku prepoznati koja ličnost moţe da bude devijantna, ali sigurno da poštovanje društvenih normi koje su ustaljene mogu biti od koristi da se preventivno djeluje. Društveni okvir, u kome se odvijaju procesi i fenomeni koji imaju za cilj da jedna osoba dobije društveni status, nije uvijek pogodan za razvoj ličnosti. Pojedinac, u datim okolnostima, zbog nezadovoljstva u sredini moţe da ispolji znakove agresivnosti koji mogu biti pokazatelj promjene njegovog ponašanja. Degradirajući društveni faktori koji utiču na pojedinca mogu dovesti do njegove marginalizacije, što dalje ukazuje da takva osoba predstavlja lak plijen za buduće terorističko djelovanje. Odsutnost od društvenog ţivota i zatvorenost, koje su bitnoj mjeri jako važne, podstiče još veće sukobe unutar samog pojedinca, koji se na kraju odlučuje da jedino što mu preostaje jeste njegov pogled na nesavršeni svijet, odnosno destrukcija normi i pravila koje su vaţile do tada.
Structural stability and electronic properties of charged point defects in monolayer blue phosphorus
Authors: Ma Rong-Rong , Ma Chen-Rui , Ge Mei , Guo Shi-Qi , Zhang Jun-Feng ,   School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China,   School of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
Published: May 2024

As a new two-dimensional material, blue phosphorus has attracted considerable research interest due to its high carrier mobility and large bandgap. Although the structural defects of blue phosphorus have been discussed recently, the charged properties of these defects have not been explored. In this paper, using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, the six most stable point defects and their corresponding charged states in blue phosphorus are studied, including Stone Wales (SW), single vacancy (SV), two double-vacancy (DV-1 and DV-2) and two substitution defects (OP and CP). The converged ionization energy values of charged defects in blue phosphorus are obtained by extrapolating the asymptotic expression of the energy dependent on the cell size. Subsequently, the formation energy values for different charge states are modified to determine their structural stabilities. Finally, their electronic properties are analyzed through band structures. The results suggest that SV1– is easy to ionize, owing to its lowest ionization energy (1.08 eV). Furthermore, among the defects we are considering, OP1– is the most stable charged defect in blue phosphorus, with the lowest formation energy (–9.33 eV) under O-rich chemical potential condition. The negative formation energy indicates that O atoms can exist stably in blue phosphorus, implying that blue phosphorus is easily oxidized. The introduction of defect states will affect the bandgap of blue phosphorus, and the ionization of defects will cause the defect energy levels to shift, leading defects to transition between shallow and deep levels. This study provides theoretical guidance for the application of defect engineering in two-dimensional materials.
Sex-biased regulatory changes in the placenta of native highlanders contribute to adaptive fetal development
Authors: Yue Tian , Guo Yongbo , Qi Xuebin , Zheng Wangshan , Zhang Hui , Wang Bin , Liu Kai , Zhou Bin , Zeng Xuerui , Ouzhuluobu  , He Yaoxi , Su Bing
Published: May 2024

Compared with lowlander migrants, native Tibetans have a higher reproductive success at high altitude though the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we compared the transcriptome and histology of full-term placentas between native Tibetans and Han migrants. We found that the placental trophoblast shows the largest expression divergence between Tibetans and Han, and Tibetans show decreased immune response and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Remarkably, we detected a sex-biased expression divergence, where the male-infant placentas show a greater between-population difference than the female-infant placentas. The umbilical cord plays a key role in the sex-biased expression divergence, which is associated with the higher birth weight of the male newborns of Tibetans. We also identified adaptive histological changes in the male-infant placentas of Tibetans, including larger umbilical artery wall and umbilical artery intima and media, and fewer syncytial knots. These findings provide valuable insights into the sex-biased adaptation of human populations, with significant implications for medical and genetic studies of human reproduction.
Visuo-motor updating in individuals with heightened autistic traits
Authors: Pomè Antonella , Zimmermann Eckart
Published: May 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents a range of challenges, including heightened sensory sensitivities. Here, we examine the idea that sensory overload in ASD may be linked to issues with efference copy mechanisms, which predict the sensory outcomes of self-generated actions, such as eye movements. Efference copies play a vital role in maintaining visual and motor stability. Disrupted efference copies hinder precise predictions, leading to increased reliance on actual feedback and potential distortions in perceptions across eye movements. In our first experiment, we tested how well healthy individuals with varying levels of autistic traits updated their mental map after making eye movements. We found that those with more autistic traits had difficulty using information from their eye movements to update the spatial representation of their mental map, resulting in significant errors in object localization. In the second experiment, we looked at how participants perceived an object displacement after making eye movements. Using a trans-saccadic spatial updating task, we found that those with higher autism scores exhibited a greater bias, indicating under-compensation of eye movements and a failure to maintain spatial stability during saccades. Overall, our study underscores efference copy’s vital role in visuo-motor stability, aligning with Bayesian theories of autism, potentially informing interventions for improved action-perception integration in autism.
Rab11 suppresses neuronal stress signaling by localizing Dual leucine zipper kinase to axon terminals for protein turnover
Authors: Kim Seungmi , Quagraine Yaw , Singh Monika , Kim Jung Hwan
Published: May 2024

Dual Leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK) mediates multiple neuronal stress responses, and its expression levels are constantly suppressed to prevent excessive stress signaling. We found that Wallenda (Wnd), the
Drosophila
ortholog of DLK, is highly enriched in the axon terminals of
Drosophila
sensory neurons in vivo and that this subcellular localization is necessary for Highwire-mediated Wnd protein turnover under normal conditions. Our structure-function analysis found that Wnd palmitoylation is essential for its axon terminal localization. Palmitoylation-defective Wnd accumulated in neuronal cell bodies, exhibited dramatically increased protein expression levels, and triggered excessive neuronal stress responses. Defective intracellular transport is implicated in neurodegenerative conditions. Comprehensive dominant-negative Rab protein screening identified Rab11 as an essential factor for Wnd localization in axon terminals. Consequently,
Rab11
loss-of-function increased the protein levels of Wnd and induced neuronal stress responses. Inhibiting Wnd activity significantly ameliorated neuronal loss and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling triggered by
Rab11
loss-of-function. Taken together, these suggest that DLK proteins are constantly transported to axon terminals by Rab11 for protein turnover. Our study demonstrates how subcellular protein localization is coupled to protein turnover for neuronal stress signaling.
Tailoring the taste of cultured meat
Authors: Jin Gyuhyung , Bao Xiaoping
Published: May 2024

A new protocol can customize the flavor of lab-grown meat by controlling the level of fat deposited between muscle cells.
Zoonotic spillover and viral mutations from low and middle-income countries: improving prevention strategies and bridging policy gaps
Authors: Haq Zulfqarul , Nazir Junaid , Manzoor Tasaduq , Saleem Afnan , Hamadani H. , Khan Azmat Alam , Saleem Bhat Sahar , Jha Priyanka , Ahmad Syed Mudasir
Published: May 2024

The increasing frequency of zoonotic spillover events and viral mutations in low and middle-income countries presents a critical global health challenge. Contributing factors encompass cultural practices like bushmeat consumption, wildlife trade for traditional medicine, habitat disruption, and the encroachment of impoverished settlements onto natural habitats. The existing “vaccine gap” in many developing countries exacerbates the situation by allowing unchecked viral replication and the emergence of novel mutant viruses. Despite global health policies addressing the root causes of zoonotic disease emergence, there is a significant absence of concrete prevention-oriented initiatives, posing a potential risk to vulnerable populations. This article is targeted at policymakers, public health professionals, researchers, and global health stakeholders, particularly those engaged in zoonotic disease prevention and control in low and middle-income countries. The article underscores the importance of assessing potential zoonotic diseases at the animal-human interface and comprehending historical factors contributing to spillover events. To bridge policy gaps, comprehensive strategies are proposed that include education, collaborations, specialized task forces, environmental sampling, and the establishment of integrated diagnostic laboratories. These strategies advocate simplicity and unity, breaking down barriers, and placing humanity at the forefront of addressing global health challenges. Such a strategic and mental shift is crucial for constructing a more resilient and equitable world in the face of emerging zoonotic threats.
Analysis of rotational grazing management for sheep in mixed grassland
Authors: Tong Zongyong , Dai Xianlin , Wang Yu , Li Xianglin , He Feng , Yin Guomei
Published: May 2024

Sown mixed grassland is rarely used for livestock raising and grazing; however, different forages can provide various nutrients for livestock, which may be beneficial to animal health and welfare. We established a sown mixed grassland and adopted a rotational grazing system, monitored the changes in aboveground biomass and sheep weights during the summer grazing period, measured the nutrients of forage by near-infrared spectroscopy, tested the contents of medium- and long-chain fatty acids by gas chromatography, and explored an efficient sheep fattening system that is suitable for agro-pastoral interlacing areas. The results showed that the maximum forage supply in a single grazing paddock was 4.6 kg DM/d, the highest dry matter intake (DMI) was 1.80 kg DM/ewe/d, the average daily weight gain (ADG) was 193.3 g, the DMI and ADG were significantly correlated (P < 0.05), and the average feed weight gain ratio (F/G) reached 8.02. The average crude protein and metabolizable energy intake by sheep were 286 g/ewe/d and 18.5 MJ/ewe/d respectively, and the n-6/n-3 ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids in mutton was 2.84. The results indicated that the sheep fattening system had high feed conversion efficiency, could improve the yield and quality of sheep, and could be promoted in suitable regions.
A Case of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Adults: Unravelling the Influenza B and Leptospirosis Co-infection
Authors: Shiddapur Govind , Adapa Sai Mounika , Vutukuru Kalyan Kumar Reddy , Kondapalli Mohith Prakash , Agarwal Sonali
Published: May 2024

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a neurological disorder characterised by demyelination, where the immune system targets the Central Nervous System (CNS). This condition typically develops rapidly, with neurological symptoms appearing within days to weeks following viral infections or immunisations. Before the onset of neurological manifestations, patients often experience systemic symptoms such as fever, headache, malaise, and myalgias. The transition from the febrile phase of illness to neurological symptoms generally occurs with a latency period of 7 to 14 days. ADEM is commonly referred to as “post-infectious,” “para-infectious,” “post-exanthematous,” or “post-vaccinal” encephalomyelitis. Recognised as a potential cause of permanent neurological disability, ADEM frequently affects individuals early in life, underscoring the significance of understanding this disease entity, particularly in the context of routine immunisation practices. Herein, the authors present the case of a 28-year-old female, who presented with quadriparesis in a drowsy state following a febrile illness. Upon further evaluation, she was diagnosed with a co-infection of Influenza B and leptospirosis, confirmed by positive serological tests. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed hyperintensities suggestive of ADEM in multiple areas of the brainstem and thalamus, while Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) examination showed an albumincytological dissociative picture, further supporting the diagnosis. Treatment comprised a pulse steroid regimen followed by oral steroid tapering. Subsequently, the patient demonstrated clinical improvement over the course of a week, with progressive enhancements observed during follow-up assessments. The present case highlights the importance of prompt recognition and management of ADEM, emphasising the role of corticosteroid therapy in achieving favourable patient outcomes.
The Impact of Community Participation Modes on Watershed Degradation in Upper Gucha, Kenya
Authors: Kepha Zablon Araka , Omollo Wilfred Ochieng , Nyaiyo Norah Moige
Published: May 2024

Community participation as a strategy has been successful in controlling watershed degradation. Despite this, there remains a lack of understanding on the mode of participation that influences positive community participation and enhancing proper watershed management. The objectives of the study were: to assess the modes of community participation on watershed management in upper Gucha, to examine the extent of degradation and to determine the relationship between the modes of participation and the extent of watershed degradation in the study area. Descriptive survey design was used. The study area is in Upper Gucha watershed, Kisii County, Kenya. The study was conducted between, February 2023, to March 2024. The methodology used included: Mapping and delineating the watershed boundaries using Google Earth satellite images of 2023, determining the sampling frame using Google Earth map and ArcGIS version 10.5 software, selecting the sample size of 354 household heads using simple random sampling with replacement method, collecting data using questionnaires and photograph taking, analyzing data using descriptive statistical methods such as mean, frequency, standard deviation and spearman’s correlation analysis. Questionnaires return rate was 99.71%, representing an excellent response. 52.4% of the respondents were female while 47.6% were male. The results revealed that, the community rarely participated in the selected indicators of modes of community participation (M=2.0347, SD=0.89478). The extent of watershed degradation was moderate (M=3.056, SD=0.576). Further, a positive significant correlation was observed between the mode of community participation and the extent of watershed degradation (P =.00). In conclusion, the study results signifies lack of collaboration of all stakeholders and community engagement in watershed conservation efforts thus the cause of degradation in the study area.
Effects of Po-shen Loh’s Method on Students’ Achievement in Quadratic Equations
Authors: Andam Emmanuel Appoh , Folson Derick , Adu Augustina
Published: May 2024

This paper presents Po-Shen Loh’s method as an alternate method for solving quadratic equations, which is seen as an efficient and natural method for solving general quadratic equations. The study is an action research involving a sample of forty – five (45) students of Kumasi Wesley Girls High School, randomly selected for the study.  Prior to the study, it was observed that the students did not know about any other method of solving quadratic equation other than the four traditional methods (factorisation, formula, completing squares and graphical) in the mathematics curriculum at the senior high school level in Ghana. The pre-test and post-test scores obtained by the students were analysed quantitatively and an inferential and descriptive analysis were performed. Comparatively, the scores obtained from the pre-test and post-test showed a significant improvement in the students’ ability to solve quadratic equations using the Po-Shen Loh’s method. The authors therefore recommend for it to be introduced into the senior high school mathematics curriculum in Ghana.
Urinary Transferrin as a Marker of Renal Injury in Diabetic Individuals: An Integrative Review
Authors: Gusmão Claudia , Costa Sara Nállia de Oliveira , Gonsalez Sabrina Ribeiro , Souza-Menezes Jackson de
Published: May 2024

Aims: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) significantly impacts public health, with diabetes mellitus as the second leading cause, according to the latest Brazilian Dialysis Census. CKD is linked to obesity, hypertension, and family history. While microalbuminuria is a common marker for diabetic nephropathy (DN), its limitations prompt the need for alternative biomarkers. Over the past two decades, urinary transferrin has been explored for its enhanced glomerular filtration. This review evaluates transferrin's clinical-laboratory utility as a kidney injury biomarker.
Methodology: The research was an integrative review, guided by the PRISMA checklist and the PICO model. It examined the role of urinary transferrin as a kidney injury marker in diabetics. Data were sourced from PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database using MeSH terms. The Rayyan platform helped filter studies, with CASP ensuring quality. Inclusion criteria covered randomized trials from 2002-2021, focusing on urinary samples. The CONSORT guidelines assessed study reliability, ensuring robust conclusions.
Results: The findings suggest that urinary transferrin may have superior sensitivity in detecting glomerular damage in diabetic patients compared to microalbuminuria. It serves as an early indicator of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and can predict the onset of microalbuminuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need to clarify the role of urinary transferrin as an experimental laboratory marker for kidney injury in diabetic patients. It highlights the importance of moving from discovery to validation of new urinary biomarkers and developing diagnostic methods that include urinary transferrin for early diabetic nephropathy (DN) diagnosis.
Roving Survey of Root Rot Disease of Pea Caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi in Rajasthan, India
Authors: Nain Yogita , Chawla Nitin , Meena Priyanka Kumari , Ghasolia R. P. , Goyel S.K. , Nain Pooja
Published: May 2024

Pea, a vegetable crop grown in cool regions of the world. It has a great economic importance in India. The survey conducted in the major pea-growing regions of Rajasthan during the Rabi season of 2021-22 highlighted root rot as a significant issue caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi. The study covered areas in Jaipur, Sikar, Nagaur, Ajmer, and Alwar regions. To assess disease incidence, researchers randomly selected 25 square meter areas at four spots in each field, totaling 100 square meters per field. In each village, fields were chosen, and plants displaying typical root rot symptoms were collected for further analysis.
Upon examination, an average disease incidence of 23.68 percent was recorded across the surveyed districts. The highest incidence was observed in Jaipur at 30.85 percent, while the lowest was in Nagaur at 16.91 percent. To further understand the pathogen responsible for root rot, samples were collected and brought to the laboratory for isolation. This comprehensive survey provides valuable insights into the prevalence of root rot in pea crops across different regions of Rajasthan, aiding in the development of effective management strategies.
Wilms tumor incidence in children with 2q terminal deletions: A cohort study
Authors: Jones Elizabeth A. , Stewart Alison , Stiller Charles , Douglas Fiona , Bown Nick
Published: August 2011

Three individuals with chromosome 2q terminal deletions have been reported in the medical literature to have developed Wilms tumor. By looking at a UK national cohort, we aimed to ascertain the chance of an individual with a 2q terminal deletion developing a Wilms tumor. The objective was to clarify screening recommendations. All individuals over a 40‐year period with chromosome 2q terminal deletions were ascertained from the Chromosome Abnormality Database. The names and dates of birth of these individuals were obtained from the Regional Cytogenetic Departments where the original chromosome analyses were performed. These data were collated and compared with the National Registry of Childhood Tumors. One hundred twenty‐nine subjects were identified over a 40‐year study period. Only a single individual in our national cohort was affected by Wilms tumor. This individual had an add(2)(q35) karyotype. We conclude that the incidence of Wilms tumor in the majority of individuals with a 2q terminal deletion is low, and is below the recommended threshold for surveillance for tumor development. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complex Intermetallic Compounds: CaNi5Ge3, Ca15Ni68Ge37, and Ca7Ni49Ge22 – Three Multifaceted Ni‐Ge Framework Structures Combining the Structural Motifs of Ni3Ge and CaNi2Ge2
Authors: Siggelkow Lisa , Hlukhyy Viktor , Wahl Bernhard , Fässler Thomas F.
Published: August 2011

The intermetallic compounds, CaNi5Ge3, Ca15Ni68Ge37, and Ca7Ni48.9(4)Ge22.1(4), were prepared by arc‐melting of the elements and subsequent heating in welded tantalum ampoules. The compounds were investigated by powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. Each of the three compounds crystallized in a different structure type, namely, CaNi5Ge3 in the space group P4/mbm, a = 8.0855(1) Å, c = 7.8466(1) Å, wR2 = 0.054, 439 F2 values, 31 variable parameters; Ca15Ni68Ge37 in the space group P$\bar {6}$2m, a = 22.436(2) Å, c = 3.9684(4) Å, wR2 = 0.096, 1849 F2 values, 133 variable parameters; Ca7Ni48.9(4)Ge22.1(4) in the space group P6/mmm, a = 17.381(4) Å, c = 4.046(1) Å, wR2 = 0.082, 693 F2 values, 59 variable parameters. The crystal structures consist of complex 3D networks of nickel and germanium atoms that have common motifs, namely, different sections of the Ni3Ge structure, as well as, Ca‐centered hexagonal prisms of Ni and Ge, which have been observed in the CaNi2Ge2 structure. As the Ca content decreases, the Ni‐Ge substructures form one‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional networks. The disorder in Ca7Ni48.9(4)Ge22.1(4) is explained by a structural frustration. The electronic structure and chemical bonding of CaNi5Ge3 is discussed by means of band‐structure calculations.
Mutagenesis and carcinogenesis induced by dibenzo[a,l]pyrene in the mouse oral cavity: a potential new model for oral cancer
Authors: Guttenplan Joseph B. , Kosinska Wieslawa , Zhao Zhong‐Lin , Chen Kun‐Ming , Aliaga Cesar , DelTondo Joseph , Cooper Timothy , Sun Yuan‐Wan , Zhang Shang‐Min , Jiang Kun , Bruggeman Richard , Sharma Arun K. , Amin Shantu , Ahn Kwangmi , El‐Bayoumy Karam
Published: August 2011

Cancer of the oral cavity is a serious disease, affecting about 30,000 individuals in US annually. There are several animal models of oral cancer, but each has certain disadvantages. As a new model, we investigated whether topical application of the tobacco smoke carcinogen, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P) is mutagenic and carcinogenic in the oral cavity of the B6C3F1 lacI and B6C3F1 mouse, respectively. B6C3F1 lacI mice received DB[a,l]P (0, 3, 6, 12 nmol) 3× per week. B6C3F1 mice received the same doses and also 24 nmol. At 38 weeks mutagenesis was measured in oral tissues in lacI mice. For the high dose group, the mutant fraction (MF) in upper mucosa and tongue increased about twofold relative to that in vehicle‐alone. The increases were statistically significant. The mutational profile in the DB[a,l]P‐induced mutants was compared with that induced by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in oral tissue. BaP is mutagenic in many tissues when administered by gavage. The mutational profile for DB[a,l]P was more similar to that reported for p53 mutations in head and neck cancers than was that of BaP. At 47 weeks, oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) were found in 31% of the high‐dose B6C3F1 group. Elevations of p53 and COX‐2 protein were observed in tumor and dysplastic tissue. As DB[a,l]P induces mutations and tumors in the oral cavity, and has a mutational profile in oral tissue similar to that found in p53 in human OSCC, the treatment protocol described here may represent a new and relevant model for cancer of the oral cavity.
Synthesis and optical properties of cis‐dibenzothiazolyldibenzo‐24‐crown‐8
Authors: Han Dong‐Jing , Huang Zhi‐Bin , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: August 2011

New crown ether carrying two fluorionophores of cis‐dibenzothiazolyldibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 was synthesized from cis‐diformyldibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 and 2‐aminobenzenethiol. The binding behavior and the optical properties of the crown ether were examined through UV‐visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. When complexed with Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ ions, it led to intramolecular charge transfer and caused the changes of the fluorescence spectra. The protonation of the crown ether was also studied. With protonation using CF3COOH, the absorption bands and the fluorescence spectroscopy changed, the maximal fluorescence wavelengths red shifted and the fluorescence intensity with the maximum at 433 nm enhanced strongly. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Additive effects of exogenous IL‐12 supplementation and antibiotic treatment in infection prophylaxis
Authors: Boyce Brandon M. , Lindsey Brock A. , Clovis Nina B. , Smith E. Suzanne , Hobbs Gerald R. , Hubbard David F. , Emery Sanford E. , Barnett John B. , Li Bingyun
Published: August 2011

The increasing clinical incidence and host risk of open fracture‐associated infections, as well as the reduced effectiveness of conventional antibiotics to treat such infections, have driven the development of new therapies for the prophylaxis of open fracture‐associated infections. We investigated percutaneous supplementation of a natural cytokine (i.e., interleukin 12p70 or IL‐12) at an open fracture site to reduce open fracture‐associated infections. We also determined the efficacy of the combination therapy of IL‐12 and conventional antibiotic therapy in the prophylaxis of open fracture‐associated infections. An open femur fracture infection model was produced by direct inoculation of a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus after creating a femur fracture using rats. The animals were assigned to one of four groups: no drug administration, percutaneous supplementation of IL‐12, intraperitoneal administration of the antibiotic ampicillin, or percutaneous IL‐12 in combination with intraperitoneal ampicillin. Animals were euthanized at postoperative days 6, 10, 14, and 21. Percutaneous IL‐12 led to a reduction in infection at postoperative days 6 and 10. For the first time, exogenous IL‐12 was found to have additive effects in the prevention of infection when combined with conventional treatment (i.e., antibiotic therapy). Combination therapy of ampicillin and IL‐12 substantially reduced the infection rate at postoperative day 6 and also decreased the time needed for complete inhibition of infection. Therefore, exogenous IL‐12, providing a mechanism of protection independent of antibiotic resistance, complements the routine use of antibiotics. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:196–202, 2012
A study of the dimensionality and measurement precision of the SCL‐90‐R using item response theory
Authors: Paap Muirne C. S. , Meijer Rob R. , Van Bebber Jan , Pedersen Geir , Karterud Sigmund , Hellem Frøydis M. , Haraldsen Ira R.
Published: August 2011

We used item response theory (IRT) to (a) investigate the dimensionality of the Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised (SCL‐90‐R) in a severely disturbed patient group, (b) improve the subscales in a meaningful way and (c) investigate the measurement precision of the improved scales. The total sample comprised 3078 patients (72% women, mean age = 35 ± 9) admitted to 14 different day hospitals participating in the Norwegian Network of Personality‐focused Treatment Programmes. Mokken Scale Analysis was used to investigate the dimensionality of the SCL‐90‐R and improve the subscales. This analysis was theory‐driven: the scales were built on two start items that reflected the content of the disorder that corresponds with the specific scale. The Graded Response Model was employed to determine measurement precision. Our theory‐driven IRT approach resulted in a new seven‐factor solution including 60 of the 90 items clustered in seven scales: depression, agoraphobia, physical complaints, obsessive‐compulsive, hostility (unchanged), distrust and psychoticism. Most of the new scales discriminated reliably between patients with moderately low scores to moderately high scores. In conclusion, we found support for the multidimensionality of the SCL‐90‐R in a large sample of severely disturbed patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The functional microstructure of tendon collagen revealed by high‐field MRI
Authors: Mountain Kelsey M. , Bjarnason Thorarin A. , Dunn Jeff F. , Matyas John R.
Published: August 2011

T2 was used in this study to assess tendon microstructure. Two unloaded digital extensor tendons were bent such that their long axes were imaged throughout 180° with respect to B0. T2‐weighted images reveal periodic banding (∼200 μm) when tendons were oriented at ±55° with respect to B0. Five pairs of tendons were used to study the influence of load on T2W MRI: one tendon of each pair was loaded with a 7.8‐N mass, and both tendons were fixed in formalin then imaged at 55° to B0. MRI banding was present in the unloaded, but not loaded, tendons. In unloaded tendons, polarized‐light microscopy revealed collagen crimp with a periodicity similar to MRI. In loaded tendons, there was a strain‐induced extinction of periodicity on both MRI and polarized‐light microscopy. These studies confirm that crimp is detectable by high‐field MRI and could serve as an in vivo index of physiological strains in collagenous tissues. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine‐based low bandgap photovoltaic copolymers: Turning the properties by different aza‐heteroaromatic donors
Authors: Peng Qiang , Liu Xiangju , Qin Yuancheng , Zhou Dan , Xu Jun
Published: August 2011

A new series of low‐bandgap copolymers based on electron‐accepting thieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine (TPZ) and different electron‐donating aza‐heteroaromatic units, such as carbazole (CZ), dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrole (TPR) and dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐e]pyridine (TPY), have been synthesized by Suzuki or Stille coupling polymerization. The resulting copolymers were characterized by NMR, elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. UV–vis absorption and cyclic voltammetry measurements show that TPZ‐based copolymer with TPR has the best absorption due to the strongest intramolecular charge transfer effect and smallest bandgap. The basic electronic structure of D‐A model compounds of these copolymers were also studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The conclusion of calculation agreed also well with the experimental results. The polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on these copolymers were fabricated with a typical structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/copolymer:PC71BM/Ca/Al under the illumination of AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm−2. The performance results showed that TPZ‐based copolymer with TPR donor segments showed highest efficiency of 1.55% due to enhanced short‐circuit current density. The present results indicate that good electronic, optical, and photovoltaic properties of TPZ‐based copolymers can be achieved by just fine‐tuning the structures of aza‐heteroaromatic donor segments for their application in PSCs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
SEDIMENT DYNAMICS IN THE RESTORED REACH OF THE KISSIMMEE RIVER BASIN, FLORIDA: A VAST SUBTROPICAL RIPARIAN WETLAND
Authors: Schenk E. R. , Hupp C. R. , Gellis A.
Published: August 2011

Historically, the Kissimmee River Basin consisted of a broad nearly annually inundated riparian wetland similar in character to tropical Southern Hemisphere large rivers. The river was channelized in the 1960s and 1970s, draining the wetland. The river is currently being restored with over 10 000 hectares of wetlands being reconnected to 70 river km of naturalized channel. We monitored riparian wetland sediment dynamics between 2007 and 2010 at 87 sites in the restored reach and 14 sites in an unrestored reference reach. Discharge and sediment transport were measured at the downstream end of the restored reach. There were three flooding events during the study, two as annual flood events and a third as a greater than a 5‐year flood event. Restoration has returned periodic flood flow to the riparian wetland and provides a mean sedimentation rate of 11.3 mm per year over the study period in the restored reach compared with 1.7 mm per year in an unrestored channelized reach. Sedimentation from the two annual floods was within the normal range for alluvial Coastal Plain rivers. Sediment deposits consisted of over 20% organics, similar to eastern blackwater rivers. The Kissimmee River is unique in North America for its hybrid alluvial/blackwater nature. Fluvial suspended‐sediment measurements for the three flood events indicate that a majority of the sediment (70%) was sand, which is important for natural levee construction. Of the total suspended sediment load for the three flood events, 3%–16% was organic and important in floodplain deposition. Sediment yield is similar to low‐gradient rivers draining to the Chesapeake Bay and alluvial rivers of the southeastern USA. Continued monitoring should determine whether observed sediment transport and floodplain deposition rates are normal for this river and determine the relationship between historic vegetation community restoration, hydroperiod restoration, and sedimentation. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.