bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New U–Pb zircon ages of plagiogranites from the Nagaland–Manipur Ophiolites, Indo-Myanmar Orogenic Belt, NE India
Authors: Singh A. Krishnakanta , Chung Sun-Lin , Bikramaditya R. K. , Lee Hao Yang
Published: September 2016

We report new U–Pb zircon ages and whole-rock chemistry of plagiogranites from the Nagaland–Manipur Ophiolites, exposed in the Indo-Myanmar Orogenic Belt, NE India, which represents the southeastern extension of the Indus–Yarlung–Tsangpo Suture of Neo-Tethyan origin. The plagiogranites (SiO
2
 = 57 and 76 wt%) are characterized by high sodium (Na
2
O = 5.9 – 7.2 wt%) and low potassium (K
2
O = 0.1 – 0.6 wt%), coupled with low Rb (1.8 – 9.5 ppm), low Rb/Sr (<0.1) and A/CNK < 1 (molar). Geochemically they are oceanic plagiogranites with trondhjemitic compositions and metaluminous affinities. Their rare earth element (REE) patterns exhibit depletion in light REE (La
N
/Sm
N
 = 0.50 – 1.13) relative to heavy REE (Sm
N
/Yb
N
 = 0.59 – 0.88), with low ΣREE and incompatible trace element contents that indicate derivation from a depleted mantle source. High ratios of large ion lithophile elements to high field strength elements with pronounced Nb, Ta and Ti depletions furthermore suggest the presence of the subduction component in the source region. Zircon U–Pb geochronology yielded mean
206
Pb/
238
U ages between 116.4 ± 2.2 and 118.8 ± 1.2 Ma that record crustal formation in the Early Cretaceous. Collectively the data indicate that the Nagaland–Manipur Ophiolites are broadly coeval and geochemically comparable with Neo-Tethyan ophiolites elsewhere in the Indus–Yarlung–Tsangpo Suture.
The Eurekan deformation in the Arctic: an outline
Authors: Piepjohn Karsten , von Gosen Werner , Tessensohn Franz
Published: September 2016

The evolution of the Eurekan deformation zones in the Arctic is closely related to the development of the circum-Greenland plate boundaries in Early Cenozoic times (53 – 34 Ma). Mostly, the Eurekan Orogeny or deformation has been interpreted as a predominantly compressive tectonic event, but the Eurekan deformational history in the Arctic was not the result of a single tectonic episode. It rather represents a complex sequence of successive tectonic stages, which produced a number of intra-continental deformation zones with changing, sometimes opposing, lateral, oblique and convergent kinematics in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, north and NE Greenland, and Svalbard. The interaction between the continental plates, especially in combination with the development of transform faults, resulted onshore in the formation of several complex deformation zones and areas of Eurekan deformation. The Eurekan deformation can be divided into two major tectonic stages: the first phase in the Early Eocene was dominated by orthogonal compression in the West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust Belt along the west margin of the Barents Shelf and contemporaneous sinistral strike-slip tectonics along the Wegener Fault and on Ellesmere Island, whereas the second phase in the Late Eocene was characterized by dextral strike-slip and compression on Ellesmere Island and contemporaneous dextral transpression and transtension along the De Geer Fracture Zone or Hornsund Fault Complex between NE Greenland and Spitsbergen.
Hepatic aberrant glycosylation byN-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V accelerates HDL assembly
Authors: Kamada Yoshihiro , Kida Sachiho , Hirano Ken-ichi , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Suzuki Akira , Hashimoto Chikako , Kimura Akihiro , Sato Motoya , Fujii Hironobu , Sobajima Tomoaki , Yamamoto Akiko , Ebisutani Yusuke , Takamatsu Shinji , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Yoshida Yuichi , Yamada Makoto , Nagasaka Hironori , Takehara Tetsuo , Miyoshi Eiji
Published: September 2016

Glycosylation is involved in various pathophysiological conditions. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), catalyzing β1–6 branching in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, is one of the most important glycosyltransferases involved in cancer and the immune system. Recent findings indicate that aberrant N-glycan structure can modify lipid metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effects of aberrant glycosylation by GnT-V on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly. We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. The study also included 96 patients who underwent medical health check-ups. Total serum cholesterol levels, particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, were significantly increased in Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice. Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI ( ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 ( ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. ApoAI and ABCA1 were also significantly elevated in GnT-V transfectants compared with mock-transfected cells. Moreover, ApoAI protein in the cultured media of GnT-V transfectants was significantly increased. Finally, we found a strong correlation between serum GnT-V activity and HDL-C concentration in human subjects. Multivariate logistic analyses demonstrated that GnT-V activity was an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences. Further analyses represented that serum GnT-V activity had strong correlation especially with the large-size HDL particle concentration. These findings indicate that enhanced hepatic GnT-V activity accelerated HDL assembly and could be a novel mechanism for HDL synthesis.
Microstructure and mechanics of human resistance arteries
Authors: Bell J. S. , Adio A. O. , Pitt A. , Hayman L. , Thorn C. E. , Shore A. C. , Whatmore J. L. , Winlove C. P.
Published: September 2016

Vascular diseases such as diabetes and hypertension cause changes to the vasculature that can lead to vessel stiffening and the loss of vasoactivity. The microstructural bases of these changes are not presently fully understood. We present a new methodology for stain-free visualization, at a microscopic scale, of the morphology of the main passive components of the walls of unfixed resistance arteries and their response to changes in transmural pressure. Human resistance arteries were dissected from subcutaneous fat biopsies, mounted on a perfusion myograph, and imaged at varying transmural pressures using a multimodal nonlinear microscope. High-resolution three-dimensional images of elastic fibers, collagen, and cell nuclei were constructed. The honeycomb structure of the elastic fibers comprising the internal elastic layer became visible at a transmural pressure of 30 mmHg. The adventitia, comprising wavy collagen fibers punctuated by straight elastic fibers, thinned under pressure as the collagen network straightened and pulled taut. Quantitative measurements of fiber orientation were made as a function of pressure. A multilayer analytical model was used to calculate the stiffness and stress in each layer. The adventitia was calculated to be up to 10 times as stiff as the media and experienced up to 8 times the stress, depending on lumen diameter. This work reveals that pressure-induced reorganization of fibrous proteins gives rise to very high local strain fields and highlights the unique mechanical roles of both fibrous networks. It thereby provides a basis for understanding the micromechanical significance of structural changes that occur with age and disease.
UGT2B17 Expedites Progression of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancers by Promoting Ligand-Independent AR Signaling
Authors: Li Haolong , Xie Ning , Chen Ruiqi , Verreault Mélanie , Fazli Ladan , Gleave Martin E. , Barbier Olivier , Dong Xuesen
Published: September 2016

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is characterized by a shift in androgen receptor (AR) signaling from androgen-dependent to androgen (ligand)-independent. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 (UGT2B17) is a key enzyme that maintains androgen homeostasis by catabolizing AR agonists into inactive forms. Although enhanced UGT2B17 expression by antiandrogens has been reported in androgen-dependent prostate cancer, its roles in regulating AR signaling transformation and CRPC progression remain unknown. In this study, we show that higher UGT2B17 protein expression in prostate tumors is associated with higher Gleason score, metastasis, and CRPC progression. UGT2B17 expression and activity were higher in androgen-independent compared to androgen-dependent cell lines. UGT2B17 stimulated cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and xenograft progression to CRPC after prolonged androgen deprivation. Gene microarray analysis indicated that UGT2B17 suppressed androgen-dependent AR transcriptional activity and enhanced of ligand-independent transcriptional activity at genes associated with cell mitosis. These UGT2B17 actions were mainly mediated by activation of the c-Src kinase. In CRPC tumors, UGT2B17 expression was associated positively with c-Src activation. These results indicate that UGT2B17 expedites CRPC progression by enhancing ligand-independent AR signaling to activate cell mitosis in cancer cells. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6701–11. ©2016 AACR.
Cardiolipins Are Biomarkers of Mitochondria-Rich Thyroid Oncocytic Tumors
Authors: Zhang Jialing , Yu Wendong , Ryu Seung Woo , Lin John , Buentello Gerardo , Tibshirani Robert , Suliburk James , Eberlin Livia S.
Published: September 2016

Oncocytic tumors are characterized by an excessive eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm due to aberrant accumulation of mitochondria. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA occur in oncocytic thyroid tumors, but there is no information about their lipid composition, which might reveal candidate theranostic molecules. Here, we used desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to image and chemically characterize the lipid composition of oncocytic thyroid tumors, as compared with nononcocytic thyroid tumors and normal thyroid samples. We identified a novel molecular signature of oncocytic tumors characterized by an abnormally high abundance and chemical diversity of cardiolipins (CL), including many oxidized species. DESI-MS imaging and IHC experiments confirmed that the spatial distribution of CLs overlapped with regions of accumulation of mitochondria-rich oncocytic cells. Fluorescent imaging and mitochondrial isolation showed that both mitochondrial accumulation and alteration in CL composition of mitochondria occurred in oncocytic tumors cells, thus contributing the aberrant molecular signatures detected. A total of 219 molecular ions, including CLs, other glycerophospholipids, fatty acids, and metabolites, were found at increased or decreased abundance in oncocytic, nononcocytic, or normal thyroid tissues. Our findings suggest new candidate targets for clinical and therapeutic use against oncocytic tumors. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6588–97. ©2016 AACR.
Increased Expression of System xc− in Glioblastoma Confers an Altered Metabolic State and Temozolomide Resistance
Authors: Polewski Monika D. , Reveron-Thornton Rosyli F. , Cherryholmes Gregory A. , Marinov Georgi K. , Cassady Kaniel , Aboody Karen S.
Published: September 2016

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Several studies have shown that glioma cells upregulate the expression of xCT (SLC7A11), the catalytic subunit of system xc−, a transporter involved in cystine import, that modulates glutathione production and glioma growth. However, the role of system xc− in regulating the sensitivity of glioma cells to chemotherapy is currently debated. Inhibiting system xc− with sulfasalazine decreased glioma growth and survival via redox modulation, and use of the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide together with sulfasalazine had a synergistic effect on cell killing. To better understand the functional consequences of system xc− in glioma, stable SLC7A11-knockdown and -overexpressing U251 glioma cells were generated. Modulation of SLC7A11 did not alter cellar proliferation but overexpression did increase anchorage-independent cell growth. Knockdown of SLC7A11 increased basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased glutathione generation resulting in increased cell death under oxidative and genotoxic stress. Overexpression of SLC7A11 resulted in increased resistance to oxidative stress and decreased chemosensitivity to temozolomide. In addition, SLC7A11 overexpression was associated with altered cellular metabolism including increased mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP generation. These results suggest that expression of SLC7A11 in the context of glioma contributes to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and resistance to standard chemotherapy.

Implications: SLC7A11, in addition to redox modulation, appears to be associated with increased cellular metabolism and is a mediator of temozolomide resistance in human glioma, thus making system xC− a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Cancer Res; 14(12); 1229–42. ©2016 AACR.
MicroRNA Signatures of Colonic Polyps on Screening and Histology
Authors: Tsikitis Vassiliki L. , Potter Amiee , Mori Motomi , Buckmeier Julie A. , Preece Christina R. , Harrington Christina A. , Bartley Angela N. , Bhattacharyya Achyut K. , Hamilton Stanley R. , Lance M. Peter , Thompson Patricia A.
Published: September 2016

Colorectal cancer and adenoma adjacent to cancer exhibit distinct microRNA (miRNA) alterations in an apparent mucosa-to-adenocarcinoma sequence. The pattern of microRNAs in screen-detected polyps in relation to histologic features and cancer risk has not been investigated. miRNA expression analysis was performed on normal mucosa (NM), hyperplastic polyps (HP), tubular adenomas (TA), tubulovillous adenomas or high-grade dysplasia (TVHG), and serrated polyps [sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/P) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSA)] in biopsy specimens from 109 patients undergoing screening/surveillance colonoscopy. Generalized linear models were used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs by histologic type and logistic regression to identify miRNA predictors of histopathology. False discovery rate (FDR) was used to control for multiple comparisons. We identified 99 miRNAs differing in at least one of five histopathologic groups (FDR ≤0.05). In a comparison of HPNM versus TVHG, the top most upregulated and downregulated miRNAs in HPNM included miR-145, -143, -107, -194, and -26a (upregulated), and miR-663, -1268, -320b, -1275, and -320b (downregulated; FDR P < 0.05). miR-145 and -619 showed high accuracy to discriminate low- from high-risk polyps without serrated histology (TVHG vs. HPNM + TA; CI, 95.6%), whereas miR-124, -143, and -30a showed high accuracy of separating high-risk polyps (TVHG + TSA) from low-risk polyps (HPNM + TA + SSA/P; CI, 96.0%). For TSAs, miR-125b and -199a were uniquely downregulated relative to HPNMs, and miR-335, -222, and -214 discriminated between non-serrated and serrated histology. Our data support the presence of colorectal cancer–associated miRNA alterations in screen-detected adenomas that may be useful for risk stratification for surveillance interval planning. Cancer Prev Res; 9(12); 942–9. ©2016 AACR.
Expression of Cyt-c-Mediated Mitochondrial Apoptosis-Related Proteins in Rat Renal Proximal Tubules during Development
Authors: Song Xiao-Feng , Tian He , Zhang Ping , Zhang Zhen-Xing
Published: September 2016

Background: Apoptosis regulates embryogenesis, organ metamorphosis and tissue homeostasis. Mitochondrial signaling is an apoptotic pathway, in which Cyt-c and Apaf-1 are transformed into an apoptosome, which activates procaspase-9 and triggers apoptosis. This study evaluated Cyt-c, Apaf-1 and caspase-9 expression during renal development. Methods: Kidneys from embryonic (E) 16-, 18-, and 20-day-old fetuses and postnatal (P) 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day-old pups were obtained. Immunohistochemical analysis, dual-labeled immunofluorescence, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) technique assay and Western blot were performed in addition to histological analysis. Results: Immunohistochemistry showed that Cyt-c was strongly expressed in proximal and distal tubules (DTs) at all time points. Caspase-9 and Apaf-1 were strongly expressed in proximal tubules (PTs) but only weakly expressed in DTs. Dual-labeled immunofluorescence showed that most tubules expressed both Cyt-c and Apaf-1, except for some tubules that only expressed Cyt-c. The TUNEL assay showed a greater percentage of apoptotic cells in PTs compared to DTs. Apaf-1 and cleaved caspase-9 protein expression gradually increased during the embryonic period and peaked during the early postnatal period but apparently declined from P7. Cyt-c protein expression was weak during the embryonic period but obviously increased after P1. Conclusion: This study showed that PTs are more sensitive to apoptosis than DTs during rat renal development, even though both tubule segments contain a large number of mitochondria. Furthermore, Cyt-c-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins play an important role in PTs during the early postnatal kidney development.
Nicotine Mediates CD161a
+
Renal Macrophage Infiltration and Premature Hypertension in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Authors: Harwani Sailesh C. , Ratcliff Jason , Sutterwala Fayyaz S. , Ballas Zuhair K. , Meyerholz David K. , Chapleau Mark W. , Abboud Francois M.
Published: September 2016

Rationale:

Renal inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of hypertension. CD161a
+
immune cells are dominant in the (SHR) spontaneously hypertensive rat and expand in response to nicotinic cholinergic activation.

Objective:

We aimed to phenotype CD161a
+
immune cells in prehypertensive SHR after cholinergic activation with nicotine and determine if these cells are involved in renal inflammation and the development of hypertension.

Methods and Results:

Studies used young SHR and WKY (Wistar–Kyoto) rats. Splenocytes and bone marrow cells were exposed to nicotine ex vivo, and nicotine was infused in vivo. Blood pressures, kidney, serum, and urine were obtained. Flow cytometry, Luminex/ELISA, immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and Western blot were used. Nicotinic cholinergic activation induced proliferation of CD161a
+
/CD68
+
macrophages in SHR-derived splenocytes, their renal infiltration, and premature hypertension in SHR. These changes were associated with increased renal expression of MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and VLA-4 (very-late antigen-4). LLT1 (lectin-like transcript 1), the ligand for CD161a, was overexpressed in SHR kidney, whereas vascular cellular and intracellular adhesion molecules were similar to those in WKY. Inflammatory cytokines were elevated in SHR kidney and urine after nicotine infusion. Nicotine-mediated renal macrophage infiltration/inflammation was enhanced in denervated kidneys, not explained by angiotensin II levels or expression of angiotensin type-1/2 receptors. Moreover, expression of the anti-inflammatory α7-nAChR (α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) was similar in young SHR and WKY rats.

Conclusions:

A novel, inherited nicotinic cholinergic inflammatory effect exists in young SHR, measured by expansion of CD161a
+
/CD68
+
macrophages. This leads to renal inflammation and premature hypertension, which may be partially explained by increased renal expression of LLT-1, MCP-1, and VLA-4.
The High Blood Pressure-Malaria Protection Hypothesis
Authors: Gallego-Delgado Julio , Walther Thomas , Rodriguez Ana
Published: September 2016

Rationale:

A recently proposed hypothesis states that malaria may contribute to hypertension in endemic areas,

1

but the role of angiotensin II (Ang II), a major regulator of blood pressure, was not considered. Elevated levels of Ang II may confer protection against malaria morbidity and mortality, providing an alternative explanation for hypertension in malaria endemic areas.

Objective:

To discuss a possible alternative cause for hypertension in populations who have been under the selective pressure of malaria.

Methods and Results:

We reviewed published scientific literature for studies that could establish a link between Ang II and malaria. Both genetic and functional studies suggested that high levels of Ang II may confer protection against cerebral malaria by strengthening the integrity of the endothelial brain barrier. We also describe strong experimental evidence supporting our hypothesis through genetic, functional, and interventional studies.

Conclusions:

A causal association between high levels of Ang II and protection from malaria pathogenesis can provide a likely explanation for the increased prevalence in hypertension observed in populations of African and South Asian origin. Furthermore, this potential causative connection might also direct unique approaches for the effective treatment of cerebral malaria.
Principles Corroborated by Practice? The Use of Country of Origin Information by the European Court of Human Rights in the Assessment of a Real Risk of a Violation of the Prohibition of Torture, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment
Authors: Vogelaar Femke
Published: September 2016

This article studies the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) approach to country of origin information in its case law under Article 3 of the European Convention of Human Rights. It will first examine the standard set by the ECtHR on the use of country of origin information, followed by an assessment of the application of these principles by the ECtHR in its case law. The article specifically focusses on the use of country of origin information in expulsion cases of applicants from Somalia, Tamils applicants from Sri Lanka and applicants from Iran. The analysis of the ECtHR’s case law in this article will show that the ECtHR does not apply its own standards in a transparent and consistent manner. This raises questions as to the quality of the ECtHR’s assessment of the risk of a violation of Article 3.
(No) Migrating for Family Care in Later Life: Senchishak v Finland, Older Parents and Family Reunification
Authors: Askola Heli
Published: September 2016

This article discusses the implications of family reunification policies for naturalised citizens and their older parents (usually mothers) in light of the illuminating case Senchishak v Finland from the European Court of Human Rights. As migration by parents wishing to join their adult children is usually motivated at least in part by considerations of care in old age, policies in many European states, including Finland, put strict limits on family reunification on the assumption that such migrants constitute a future economic burden to ageing societies and their already stretched public services. This article argues, firstly, that current policies rely on generalisations that disregard the nature of parental ties and dependency in families as well as the complex caregiving triad involving families, markets and the state and, secondly, that these policies contain largely hidden yet significant costs for citizens of immigrant background, especially women, giving rise to questions over their equality as citizens.
Xenophon Poroi 5
Authors: Farrell Christopher A.
Published: September 2016

The present study examines section five of Poroi and Xenophon’s proposal to restore the reputation of Athens. After outlining his plan for ‘justly’ supplying the dēmos with sufficient sustenance in Poroi 1-4, section 5 addresses the desire to regain hegemony after Athens had lost the Social War. Xenophon does not adopt an anti-imperialist stance; instead he seeks to re-align imperial aspirations with Athenian ideals and earlier paradigms for securing hegemony. Xenophon’s ideas in Poroi are contextualized with consideration for his ‘Socratic’ distinction between tyranny and kingship, as well as his wider advice for ruling well. It is shown that his proposals for securing the consent of the allies reiterates ideas that Xenophon outlines across his corpus, especially Hiero and Cyropaedia. In Poroi Xenophon therefore applies his political thought in an attempt to re-direct Athenian ambitions away from policies that prompted charges of being a ‘tyrant polis’ and towards ‘legitimate rule’.
An annotated checklist of the genus Tristagma (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae)
Authors: ARROYO-LEUENBERGER SILVIA C. , SASSONE AGOSTINA B.
Published: September 2016

Tristagma is a South American genus distributed in Argentina and Chile. Species circumscription in Tristagma has been a source of confusion for various reasons; e.g., generic concepts, nomenclatural inconsistencies, and doubtful species. As a first step towards a revision of Tristagma, the nomenclatural history is reviewed. Following an extensive review of specimens in various American and European herbaria, a generic description and a list of names and their types are here provided. Thirteen names are lectotypified, seven are synonymized, three holotypes are identified for the first time, one neotype is designated, a new combination is made, and 12 species are recognized: T. ameghinoi, T. anemophilum, T. berteroi, T. bivalve, T. circinatum, T. gracile, T. graminifolium, T. nivale, T. patagonicum, T. poeppigianum, T. porrifolium, and T. violaceum. A new record of the flora of Chile: T. circinatum is also reported. Additionally, five doubtful species are mentioned and three are excluded from Tristagma. Another five species names referred in the literature to Tristagma have already been transferred to other genera. We also provide conservation assessments, distribution maps and an identification key to species.
Morphological, genome-size and molecular analyses of Apostasia fogangica (Apostasioideae, Orchidaceae), a new species from China
Authors: YIN YA-YI , ZHONG PING-SHENG , ZHANG GUO-QIANG , CHEN LI-JUN , ZENG SI-JIN , LI MING-HE , LIU ZHONG-JIAN
Published: September 2016

After examining morphological, molecular and genome-size evidence, we describe and illustrate a new orchid species, Apostasia fogangica, from Guangdong, China. Morphological comparisons indicate that A. fogangica is similar to A. shenzhenica, although the habit, leaves, inflorescences and fruit shapes and sizes differ. Comparison of the genome sizes in Apostasioideae show that A. fogangica is 1C=0.952 pg, which is double the size of A. shenzhenica but close to that of A. wallichii. Molecular analyses from combined nuclear and plastid datasets (ITS, matK and trnL-F) indicate that A. fogangica is sister to A. nipponica plus A. shenzhenica. The morphological, genome-size and molecular evidence support the hypothesis that A. fogangica is a new species.
Taxonomic Revision of Coleostachys (Malpighiaceae)
Authors: DE ALMEIDA RAFAEL FELIPE , HALL CLIMBIÊ FERREIRA
Published: September 2016

Coleostachys is a monospecific genus of Neotropical Malpighiaceae, known in the literature from only two collections. After a thorough analysis of Brazilian and International herbaria, we present a taxonomic revision of Coleostachys. This work includes a complete morphological description of the genus and its single species, C. genipifolia, along with line drawings and photograph plates, a distribution map, and comments on taxonomy, ecology and conservation of this obscure Amazonian genus.
A new species of Arisaema (Araceae) from Vietnam
Authors: VAN HONG THIEN , NGUYEN-PHI NGA , LUU HONG TRUONG
Published: September 2016

Arisaema langbiangense (Araceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Langbiang Mountain, Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Lac Duong District, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. A morphological comparison between the new species and its closest congeners and a key to all known species of Arisaema sect. Anomala in Vietnam are given.
Further studies on south eastern Asian Luciolinae: 1. Sclerotia Ballantyne,
a new genus of fireflies with back swimming larvae 2. Triangulara Pimpasalee, a new genus from Thailand (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
Authors: BALLANTYNE LESLEY A. , LAMBKIN CHRISTINE L. , LUAN XIN , BOONTOP YUVARIN , NAK-EIAM SORASAK , PIMPASALEE SUTTISAN , SILALOM SOMMYOT , THANCHAROEN ANCHANA
Published: September 2016

Sclerotia Ballantyne gen. nov. is established for seven species. Sclerotia aquatilis (Thancharoen, 2007), Scl. brahmina (Bourgeois, 1890), Scl. carinata (Gorham, 1880), Scl. flavida (Hope, 1845), Scl. seriata (Olivier, 1891), and Scl. substriata (Gorham, 1880) are transferred from Luciola Laporte. Sclerotia fui sp. nov. from China is described as new. Luciola cingulata Olivier, 1885 is synonymised with Luciola substriata Gorham. Luciola formosana Pic, 1916 is removed from synonymy with Luciola substriata and newly synonymised with Luciola flavida (Hope). Males are characterised by linear elytral punctation, a set of three sclerites surrounding the aedeagal sheath and a light organ in ventrite 7 with emarginated anterior margin. Associated females lack bursa plates. Larvae associated for three species are back swimmers, having heavily sclerotised exoskeleton and a metapneustic respiratory system. Males and associated females are keyed. Analysis of molecular evidence for Chinese populations of three species indicates monophyly of Sclerotia Ballantyne gen. nov. and distinct separation from other genera.Triangulara Pimpasalee gen. nov. is described from Tri. frontoflava Pimpasalee gen. et sp. nov. from Thailand. It is superficially similar to Sclerotia gen. nov. but larger, and specimens in collections appear to have been confused with the similarly coloured Scl. substriata (Gorham) comb. nov. Males differ in having an elongate triangular light organ in ventrite 7 and are without sclerites around the aedeagal sheath. Larvae are not reliably associated but may be aquatic.
A new species of seahorse (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) from the South China Sea
Authors: ZHANG YAN-HONG , QIN GENG , WANG XIN , LIN QIANG
Published: September 2016

A new species of seahorse, Hippocampus casscsio sp. nov. was collected over shallow seagrass beds in Beibu Bay, China. This species is diagnosed from all other seahorse species by morphological characters, including the lower number of tail rings (35); 15 pectoral-fin rays; 16 dorsal-fin rays; a rounded nuchal plate without a raised coronet; a snout length 30% head length; two cheek spines and a dark brown coloration. In addition, molecular analysis showed all individuals of the new species clustering together suggesting a monophyletic lineage. This combined analysis supports the distinctness of H. casscsio sp. nov. as a new species, which is described herein.
Taxonomic revision of the Dasypus kappleri complex, with revalidations of Dasypus pastasae (Thomas, 1901) and Dasypus beniensis Lönnberg, 1942 (Cingulata, Dasypodidae)
Authors: FEIJÓ ANDERSON , CORDEIRO-ESTRELA PEDRO
Published: September 2016

Dasypus kappleri is the largest species of the genus Dasypus and is restricted to the Amazonian rainforest biome. Over the last century, related taxa have been described and synonymized without comprehensive analyses, and the current classification involving two subspecies, Dasypus k. kappleri and Dasypus k. pastasae, has never been revised. The aim of this work is to clarify the taxonomy of Dasypus kappleri through integrative morphological and morphometric analyses. We examined 70 specimens housed in scientific collections as well as photographs of the type specimens of five nominal taxa. Three methodologies (discrete characters, linear and geometric morphometrics) were employed. All results converged on the recognition of three allopatric groups, each with diagnostic qualitative and quantitative traits, that we recognize as full species: Dasypus kappleri Krauss, 1862, occurs in the Guiana shield; Dasypus pastasae (Thomas, 1901) is distributed from the eastern Andes of Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela south of the Orinoco River into the western Brazilian Amazon; and Dasypus beniensis Lönnberg, 1942, occurs in the lowlands of Amazonian Brazil and Bolivia to the south of the Madre de Dios, Madeira, and lower Amazon rivers. This revision raises to nine the number of living species of Dasypus.
Two new species of brackish-water Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes, Macrostomida) from southern China
Authors: FANG CHU-YU , WANG LEI , ZHANG YU , WANG AN-TAI
Published: September 2016

Two new species of brackish-water Macrostomum (M. zhujiangensis n. sp. and M. baoanensis n. sp.) were described based on samples collected from the littoral zone of the Zhujiang Estuary. These are the first records of brackish-water Macrostomum from southern China. Macrostomum zhujiangensis n. sp. and M. baoanensis n. sp. differ from other similar species in the length and morphology of the penis stylet.  The penis stylet of M. zhujiangensis n. sp. is C-shaped and its distal opening has a beveled edge. The penis stylet of M. baoanensis n. sp. is J-shaped and the distal region is thicker than other parts of the penis stylet. Molecular phylogenetic analysis supports the establishment of the new species.
Diagnosis of Calagasma Bergroth and Epipedus Spinola with description of Calagasma eclipsa sp. nov. and Epipedus rolstoni sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Carpocorini)
Authors: LUPOLI ROLAND
Published: September 2016

The genus Calagasma Bergroth synonymized with the genus Epipedus Spinola by Rolston (1987) is reinstated. The diagnostic characters of the genus Calagasma are redefined, pictures of the Calagasma margarita syntype and recently collected specimens from French Guiana, including males hitherto unknown are presented. Calagasma eclipsa, a new species from French Guiana is described. Epipedus is redescribed and a new species Epipedus rolstoni is described.
The distribution of the Bururi Long-fingered Frog (Cardioglossa cyaneospila, family Arthroleptidae), a poorly known Albertine Rift endemic
Authors: BLACKBURN DAVID C. , BOIX CHRISTIAN , GREENBAUM ELI , FABREZI MARISSA , MEIRTE DANNY , PLUMPTRE ANDREW J. , STANLEY EDWARD L.
Published: September 2016

The species diversity of the frog genus Cardioglossa (family Arthroleptidae) is concentrated in the Lower Guinean Forest Zone of Central Africa with most of the 19 species occurring in Cameroon and neighboring countries (Amiet 1972a,b; Blackburn 2008; Hirschfeld et al. 2015). These small leaf-litter frogs are typically found in primary or secondary forest, have shrill whistling calls, are characterized by a variety of color patterns, and lay terrestrial eggs that hatch and develop into elongate, stream-adapted tadpoles (Amiet 1972a,b, 1973; Rödel et al. 2001; Hirschfeld et al. 2012). One of the most poorly known species—the Bururi Long-fingered Frog Cardioglossa cyaneospila Laurent, 1950—is also among the most geographically peripheral to the rest of the species diversity. To date, it is known only from two locations in Burundi and four in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, regions in which armed conflicts have long hampered scientific research. In this short contribution, we (1) document both new and long unpublished records of C. cyaneospila, associate these with known museum records, and extend its geographic range, (2) highlight fruitful areas for future field surveys based on predicting an environmental envelope for this species, and (3) summarize what little is known of its natural history.
The Afrotropical genus Rhinolaetia Schouteden, 1965 and its systematic position within Scutelleridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Authors: CZAJA JOANNA
Published: September 2016

The monotypic Afrotropical genus Rhinolaetia Schouteden, 1865 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) is redescribed. The head, wings, female genitalia and habitus of Rhinolaetia overlaeti Schouteden, 1965 are illustrated. Morphological features of Rhinolaetia and selected representatives of six scutellerid subfamilies are listed and compared. The systematic position of this genus is briefly discussed. Close affinity of Rhinolaetia overlaeti with representatives of subfamilies Odontotarsinae and Odontoscelinae is observed.
The Simulated Response of Diurnal Mountain Winds to Regionally Enhanced Warming Caused by the Snow Albedo Feedback
Authors: Letcher Theodore W. , Minder Justin R.
Published: September 2016

The snow albedo feedback (SAF) is an important climate feature of mountain regions with transient snow cover. In these regions, where patterns of snow cover are largely determined by the underlying terrain, the SAF is highly variable in space and time. Under climate warming, these variations may affect the development of diurnal mountain winds either by altering the thermal contrast between high and low elevations or by increasing boundary layer mixing. In this study, high-resolution regional climate modeling experiments are used to investigate and characterize how the SAF modulates changes in diurnal wind systems in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Utah during the spring when SAF strength is at a maximum. Two separate 7-yr pseudo–global warming climate change experiments with differing model configurations are examined. An evaluation of the control simulations against a mesoscale network of observations reveals that the models perform reasonably well at simulating diurnal mountain winds within this region. In the experiment with a strong SAF, there is a clear increase in the strength of daytime upslope flow under climate warming, which leads to increased convergence and cloudiness near the snow margin. Additionally, there is a decrease in the strength of nighttime downslope flows. In the simulation with a weaker SAF, the results are generally similar but less pronounced. In both experiments, an altered thermal contrast, rather than increased boundary layer mixing, appears to be the primary mechanism driving changes in diurnal mountain wind systems in this region.
A Microphysical Analysis of Elevated Convection in the Comma Head Region of Continental Winter Cyclones
Authors: Murphy Amanda M. , Rauber Robert M. , McFarquhar Greg M. , Finlon Joseph A. , Plummer David M. , Rosenow Andrew A. , Jewett Brian F.
Published: September 2016

An analysis of the microphysical structure of elevated convection within the comma head region of two winter cyclones over the midwestern United States is presented using data from the Wyoming Cloud Radar (WCR) and microphysical probes on the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft during the Profiling of Winter Storms campaign. The aircraft penetrated 36 elevated convective cells at various temperatures T and distances below cloud top zd. The statistical properties of ice water content (IWC), liquid water content (LWC), ice particle concentration with diameter > 500 μm N>500, and median mass diameter Dmm, as well as particle habits within these cells were determined as functions of zd and T for active updrafts and residual stratiform regions originating from convective towers that ascended through unsaturated air. Insufficient data were available for analysis within downdrafts.

For updrafts stratified by zd, distributions of IWC, N>500, and Dmm for all zd between 1000 and 4000 m proved to be statistically indistinct. These results imply that turbulence and mixing within the updrafts effectively distributed particles throughout their depths. A decrease in IWC and N>500 in the layer closest to cloud top was likely related to cloud-top entrainment.

Within residual stratiform regions, decreases in IWC and N>500 and increases in Dmm were observed with depth below cloud top. These trends are consistent with particles falling and aggregating while entrainment and subsequent sublimation was occurring.
An Exact, Steady, Purely Azimuthal Flow as a Model for the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Constantin A. , Johnson R. S.
Published: September 2016

The problem of flow moving purely in the azimuthal direction on a sphere is considered. An exact solution for an incompressible (constant density), inviscid fluid, which admits a velocity profile below the surface and along the surface, is constructed; this can be regarded as a model for the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). The new approach adopted here is to model the processes that produce the observed structure of the ACC by the introduction of a nonconservative body force. It is shown that if the body force is conservative, then the governing equations necessarily lead to profiles that are quite unrealistic. However, with a suitable choice of body force, which reverts to conservative outside the ACC, any velocity profile of any width can be constructed as an exact solution of the system. A fairly simple choice is made in this note in order to present some specific results: a profile on the surface that is zero outside the arc of the ACC, with a maximum at its center and decaying with depth. It is shown that the methods developed here can be used to produce ever more complicated profiles to correspond to different data. Indeed, the basic example that this study introduces can be regarded as one of the jets that compose the ACC, and the results allow for any number of such jets. Although only one velocity profile is described, it is emphasized that many different choices, motivated by direct velocity observations in specific regions, are possible within the model. In conclusion, a few comments are made outlining the way in which this exact solution can be embedded within more general and complete discussions of the ACC and its properties.
The emotional experience of being internationally adopted: A qualitative study with Nepalese children adopted in Spain
Authors: Ballús Elisabeth , Pérez-Téstor Carles
Published: September 2016

Research in inter-country adoption is usually focused on being able to determine whether adopted children have more or fewer behavioral problems than non-adopted children. However, there is not enough to enable us to understand the feelings and bonds of the often complex life situations of being an internationally adopted child. This qualitative study with Nepalese child adoptees in Spain explores their inner world with projective methods. The results show that assessment with projective methods reveals dynamics and feelings experienced by adopted children. This can be a useful tool to better understand their psychological needs and properly design professional interventions.
The Effects of Tourism on Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions: A Comparison between Developed and Developing Economies
Authors: Paramati Sudharshan Reddy , Alam Md. Samsul , Chen Ching-Fu
Published: September 2016

This study empirically examines the dynamic relationships among tourism, economic growth, and CO2 emissions and compares the effects of tourism on economic growth and CO2 emissions between developed and developing economies. By employing robust panel econometric techniques, the results show that tourism has significant positive impacts on economic growth for both developed and developing economies, supporting the prevailing hypothesis of tourism-led economic growth. The results also reveal that the impact of tourism on CO2 emissions is reducing much faster in developed economies than in developing economies, providing evidence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis on the link between tourism growth and CO2 emissions. Our findings demonstrate the importance of the classification of countries by economic development level to obtain a deeper understanding of relationships among tourism, economic growth, and CO2 emissions. Policy implications are provided and discussed.
Emotional Nonacceptance and Anxiety Sensitivity in Relation to Anxious Arousal, Social Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms Among African American Young Adults
Authors: Manning Kara , Bakhshaie Jafar , Mcleish Alison C. , Luberto Christina , Walker Rheeda L. , Zvolensky Michael J.
Published: September 2016

Past work suggests African American college students may be a segment of the college population at heightened risk for anxiety and depressive symptoms; however, there remains an overarching need to broaden our understanding of individual difference variables that may be related to adverse emotional states. The purpose of the present study was to test a theoretically driven interactive model of two individual difference variables (anxiety sensitivity and emotional nonacceptance) in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms among 133 African American undergraduate students (76.7% female, Mage = 20.9, SD = 5.6; age range = 18-53 years). Results indicated that anxiety sensitivity was positively associated with anxious arousal symptoms at higher levels of emotional nonacceptance (β = 2.1), and more strongly associated with depressive symptoms among individuals endorsing low levels of emotional nonacceptance (β = 3.8). The present data provide novel evidence suggesting there is clinically relevant interplay between anxiety sensitivity and emotional nonacceptance. These findings aid in better understanding the expression of anxiety and depressive symptoms among this population and may represent transdiagnostic constructs of relevance for early intervention.
Hip Capsular Closure: A Biomechanical Analysis of Failure Torque
Authors: Chahla Jorge , Mikula Jacob D. , Schon Jason M. , Dean Chase S. , Dahl Kimi D. , Menge Travis J. , Soares Eduardo , Turnbull Travis Lee , LaPrade Robert F. , Philippon Marc J.
Published: September 2016

Background:

Hip capsulotomy is routinely performed during arthroscopic surgery to achieve adequate exposure of the joint. Iatrogenic instability can result after hip arthroscopic surgery because of capsular insufficiency, which can be avoided with effective closure of the hip capsule. There is currently no consensus in the literature regarding the optimal quantity of sutures upon capsular closure to achieve maximal stability postoperatively.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to determine the failure torques of 1-, 2-, and 3-suture constructs for hip capsular closure to resist external rotation and extension after standard anterosuperior interportal capsulotomy (12 to 3 o’clock). Additionally, the degree of external rotation at which the suture constructs failed was recorded. The null hypothesis of this study was that no significant differences with respect to the failure torque would be found between the 3 repair constructs.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Nine pairs (n = 18) of fresh-frozen human cadaveric hemipelvises underwent anterosuperior interportal capsulotomy, which were repaired with 1, 2, or 3 side-to-side sutures. Each hip was secured in a dynamic biaxial testing machine and underwent a cyclic external rotation preconditioning protocol, followed by external rotation to failure.

Results:

The failure torque of the 1-suture hip capsular closure construct was significantly less than that of the 3-suture construct. The median failure torque for the 1-suture construct was 67.4 N·m (range, 47.4-73.6 N·m). The median failure torque was 85.7 N·m (range, 56.9-99.1 N·m) for the 2-suture construct and 91.7 N·m (range, 74.7-99.0 N·m) for the 3-suture construct. All 3 repair constructs exhibited a median 36° (range, 22°-64°) of external rotation at the failure torque.

Conclusion:

The most important finding of this study was that the 2- and 3-suture constructs resulted in comparable biomechanical failure torques when external rotation forces were applied to conventional hip capsulotomy in a cadaveric model. The 3-suture construct was significantly stronger than the 1-suture construct; however, there was not a significant difference between the 2- and 3-suture constructs. Additionally, all constructs failed at approximately 36° of external rotation.

Clinical Relevance:

Re-establishing the native anatomy of the hip capsule after hip arthroscopic surgery has been reported to result in improved outcomes and reduce the risk of iatrogenic instability. Therefore, adequate capsular closure is important to restore proper hip biomechanics, and postoperative precautions limiting external rotation should be utilized to protect the repair.