bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An integrated quantitative approach to assess the archaeological heritage in highly anthropized areas: the case study of Aesernia (southern Italy)
Authors: Amato Vincenzo , Cozzolino Marilena , De Benedittis Gianfranco , Di Paola Gianluigi , Gentile Vincenzo , Giordano Claudia , Marino Pasquale , Rosskpof Carmen Maria , Valente Ettore
Published: September 2016

The Latin colony of Aesernia was the seat of an important road junction for communications, especially to the south with Bovianum and Beneventum, to the north with Aufidena and the Sangro Valley and to the west with Venafrum and the Liri River Valley. While some archaeological contexts of this colony are documented by very detailed studies, others still require an overall analysis and a systematic study. Particularly, there is the lack of an organic and complete reading of the known data and a concrete need to acquire new data on still unexplored areas.

The present paper illustrates the results of the integrated geo-archaeological research carried out at Isernia and based on the analysis of historical sources, archaeological surveys, geologic, geomorphological and topographic investigations and geophysical prospections. All data were stored in a Geographic Information System that allowed for spatial analyses and the production of thematic maps. The purpose of the research was to help fill the many knowledge gaps in the history of Aesernia and to add new data by using a multiple system of analysis. The integrated geo-archaeological approach allowed drawing up a new archaeological map that gives an updated view of the rich archaeological heritage of Isernia.
Influence of dog presence on the tolerance and evaluation of aversive stimulation
Authors: Garcia Laura Sodré Galvão , Zaine Isabela , Domeniconi Camila
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the presence of a domestic dog in the evaluation and tolerance of auditory aversive stimulation. Eighteen undergraduate college students participated. We analysed the latency of escape response from the aversive sounds and evaluation of the session through a semantic differential in three conditions: no distractors, a book of paintings as a distractor, and a dog as a distractor. Latency of escape response  was significantly higher in the presence of a dog and participants also evaluated the session more positively, suggesting that dogs can positively affect the perception of an aversive stimulation.
A View Into Successful Teaching Techniques: Teaching Malay Language As A Foreign Language In Malaysia
Authors: Baharudin Mazlina , Md Sadik Azlina
Published: September 2016

This paper will highlight successful teaching techniques used in class in teaching the Malay Language 1 course in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). The course is to equip foreign students for their studies and also as means of basic communication with the locals in Malaysia. In Malaysia, the emphasis in Malay language teaching are focused to Malaysians and had been on grammar structure. There has been little development of teaching of Malay as a foreign language. However, the effort to introduce Malay as a foreign language is important since generally there are a growing number of learners who are aware of the benefits. Other than travelers guide and basic Malay phrase books, not many materials are found for teaching of Malay as a foreign language. Based on the lack of resources, teachers have to incorporate techniques to be used in class to teach the Malay language course. It is hoped that other foreign language teachers will find information useful especially in the teaching the Malay Language as a foreign language.
Modelamiento computacional de la producción de energía renovable a partir del biogás mediante la codigestión anaeróbica de la mezcla de residuos cítricos y estiércol bovino
Authors: Cendales L. Edwin Dario , Jiménez C. Silvio Alejandro
Published: September 2016

Rev.esc.adm.negEn esta investigación se llevó a cabo la simulación computacional del proceso de digestión anaeróbica de la mezcla homogeneizada de estiércol bovino y residuos cítricos, con el fin de evaluar la viabilidad de la generación de energía renovable a partir de la codigestión de estos residuos. Tomando como base los resultados obtenidos previamente mediante el desarrollo de la etapa experimental, en la cual se realizaron mediciones periódicas de las variables de control del proceso de biodegradabilidad anaeróbica tales como pH, alcalinidad, demanda química de oxígeno (total y soluble), entre otras, se establecieron los parámetros de desempeño del proceso y se determinaron los valores de comparación entre los resultados experimentales y los resultados computacionales.Adicionalmente, se realizó la simulación del proceso de digestión anaeróbica bajo condi-ciones similares a las establecidas previamente en otra investigación a partir de ensayos experimentales, mediante la implementación del modelo ADM-1. Con base en los resultados obtenidos a través de las mediciones experimentales y las simulaciones, se evaluó la precisión del modelo respecto a los valores de las mediciones experimentales. Finalmente, se implementó un modelo simplificado para la evaluación de la energía producida por una instalación a escala piloto, que realiza el tratamiento anaeróbico del residuo orgánico bajo estudio. El modelo mostró que inicialmente existe un déficit energético para que el proceso ocurra, sin embargo, una vez la producción de biogás inicia el proceso se hace autosustentable y el sistema entrega una cantidad creciente de energía disponible.
Análisis crítico sobre la preparación para desastres y gestión energética en los Emiratos Árabes
Authors: Al Khaili Khalifa , Patirage Chaminda
Published: September 2016

Rev.esc.adm.negSe dice que todos los desastres siguen un patrón cíclico conocido como el ciclo de los desastres. El ciclo es una vista general de las etapas dentro de una órbita continua de prevención, mitigación, preparación, respuesta y recuperación. La preparación para desastres es una de las etapas del ciclo de gestión de desastres. La preparación para desastres está orientada de manera que proteja adecuadamente a las comunidades. Incluye la identificación de potenciales peligros y vulnerabilidades a través de evaluaciones de riesgos, el desarrollo de sistemas de predicción y aviso, elaboración de modelos y capacitación para una serie de escenarios de desastres con diferentes niveles de peligro y en diferentes magnitudes, el desarrollo de seguros para infraestructura y el crecimiento de una comunidad inteligente. El sector energético domina en los Emiratos Árabes Unidos y se compone de diferentes elementos - electricidad, petróleo y gas natural que están geográficamente dispersos y conectados por sistemas y redes. La protección de estos sistemas y de estos activos, y especialmente en el sector energético la protección de la infraestructura de petróleo y gas de cualquiera y todas las amenazas internas y externas deben ser la máxima prioridad en los Emiratos Árabes Unidos. Las amenazas a la estabilidad geopolítica y económica que se deben tener en cuenta y para las que se debe estar preparado incluyen la actividad tectónica, el cambio climático, la energía nuclear, terrorismo y guerra.En este trabajo se analiza el nivel actual de la capacidad de recuperación en el sector energético de los Emiratos y qué se puede hacer para mejorarlo. La información secundaria se tomó de diversas fuentes académicas y profesionales, mientras que los datos primarios, que constituye 35 cuestionarios con datos cualitativos y cuantitativos, se reunieron en campo en dos plantas de generación de electricidad, una en Abu Dhabi y la otra en Dubai.
Propuesta de diseño para un centro integral de reciclaje con inclusión de fuentes alternativas de energía
Authors: Arias B. Luis Alejandro , Rivas T. Edwin , Vega S. Cindy Nayid
Published: September 2016

Rev.esc.adm.negEl presente artículo, plantea una solución integral al problema del manejo de basuras en centros urbanos, realizando el reciclaje de los desechos, creando un Cluster económico y generando energía eléctrica de bajo costo con relación a sistemas de generación y distribución actuales. La solución propuesta atiende requerimientos medioambientales y de salubridad, a través de la reducción y procesamiento de basuras, cuya inadecuada disposición puede llegar a afectar la salud humana. Finalmente, busca contribuir al desarrollo socioeconómico de las regiones. Se muestra el diseño de un centro integral de reciclaje con fuentes alternativas de energía, cuya modelación se basa en la metodología del Lenguaje de Modelación Universal (por sus siglas en inglés, UML).
Cómo configura una mediana empresa su estrategia ambiental: un estudio de caso en dos empresas de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Latorre Carrillo Luisa Fernanda , Pulido Henández Andrés Camilo , Moreno Mantilla Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2016

Rev.esc.adm.negEl estudio toma como marco de referencia las teorías de Mintzberg (estrategias deliberadas y emergentes) y Strategy as Practice. Estas teorías son contrastadas frente a los hallazgos obtenidos en un estudio de caso múltiple de tipo descriptivo, realizado en dos PyMEs participantes del Programa de Gestión Ambiental Empresarial (PGAE) de la Secretaria Distrital de Ambiente de Bogotá. El estudio de caso comprendió una empresa de servicios y una de producción, apoyándose en la observación participativa y la entrevista semiestructurada como métodos de recolección de datos.Los autores acompañaron a las empresas en el proceso de construcción de un plan estratégico ambiental, recopilando información que permitió determinar que las estrategias así construidas son deliberadas, lideradas por la gerencia media y que surgen como respuesta a las presiones ejercidas por los Stakeholders más influyentes para la organización. Los resultados obtenidos ofrecen evidencia sobre la aplicabilidad de estos marcos teóricos en el contexto colombiano y representan igualmente un aporte al estudio de la estrategia ambiental en este entorno.
Caracterización preliminar del consumidor verde antioqueño: el caso de los consumidores del Valle de Aburrá
Authors: Escobar Moreno Nelcy Rocío , Gil Rueda Adriana , Restrepo Botero Aura Cristina
Published: September 2016

Rev.esc.adm.negEste documento tiene como objetivo realizar una identificación preliminar del perfil de los consumidores verdes ubicados en el Valle de Aburrá (Colombia), de manera que se identifiquen cuáles son sus características particulares como segmento de mercado así como sus preferencias. Para tal fin, se hace como primera tarea un acercamiento conceptual acerca de los términos Marketing verde, consumidor verde y productos verdes.Posteriormente, se plantea la metodología de la investigación, sustentada en una formulación cuantitativa de un estudio piloto, donde por medio de un instrumento de medida conformado por 14 preguntas divididas en las variables producto, precio, distribución, y comunicación, se recolecta la información clave para obtener conclusiones preliminares acerca de los consumidores objetos de estudio.Finalmente, se realiza un análisis de estadística descriptiva que permite obtener como resultado el perfil de los consumidores verde del Valle de Aburrá y la propuesta de algunos elementos a considerar para el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones sobre el tema.
Consideraciones teóricas sobre la calidad de vida en el Distrito de Santa Marta
Authors: Ramos N. Néstor , Jiménez B. Wilson Giovanni , Acosta O. David , Hurtado R. Andrés , Arcos T. Analith
Published: September 2016

Rev.esc.adm.negLa pobreza, la exclusión social, el fenómeno de gentrificación y la segregación espacial en las grandes urbes, son factores que generan disminución de los niveles de calidad de vida de sus habitantes, más aún, cuando estos fenómenos acarrean destrucción de recursos naturales necesarios para la conservación de la sostenibilidad ambiental.Santa Marta, ciudad del Caribe colombiano, debe centrar su desarrollo en generar calidad de vida para sus habitantes a partir de un crecimiento sostenible; objetivo que debe alcanzarse a partir de la identificación de las variables que sus residentes consideran como determinantes para su calidad de vida.En este artículo, se presentan los resultados de la fase inicial en la que se definen las bases teóricas de la investigación que se encuentra en desarrollo, denominada: “La calidad de vida en Santa Marta; una perspectiva desde el concepto de sus habitantes. El objetivo de esta fase es definir los principales conceptos que hacen parte de la investigación y realizar una descripción de la ciudad de Santa Marta, departamento del Magdalena. El proyecto ha sido financiado en su totalidad con recursos aportados por la Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano.
Migración en la ciudad: Impacto urbano, escenarios de sostenibilidad
Authors: Ocampo Eljaiek David Ricardo
Published: September 2016

Rev.esc.adm.negEl artículo busca identificar el impacto urbano y la formulación de las políticas públicas migratorias que se aplican como efecto de regulación; es importante tenerlas en cuenta para el buen funcionamiento y desarrollo del mismo, puesto que las personas desplazadas, que están presentes en la ciudad, no siempre contribuyen positivamente al desarrollo urbano y esto hace que la efectividad de las políticas públicas implementadas no siempre se cumplan o se implementen en su cabalidad. Esto invita a que se formulen e identifiquen las políticas públicas para establecer un control de las personas que tienen el derecho de habitar.
Integration of a framework with a learning management system for detection, assessment and assistance of university students with reading difficulties
Authors: Mejía Corredor Carolina , Fábregatb Gesa Ramón , Salas Álvarez Daniel
Published: September 2016

Rev.esc.adm.negLa dislexia es una dificultad de aprendizaje común en estudiantes universitarios de habla hispana, que requiere de una atención especial por parte de las instituciones de educación superior para apoyar a los individuos afectados durante su proceso de aprendizaje. En estudios previos, fueron desarrolladas herramientas para detectar, evaluar y asistir estudiantes universitarios con dificultades lectoras relacionadas con la dislexia. En este artículo se presenta la integración de estas herramientas con un sistema de gestión de aprendizaje (LMS por su sigla en inglés). Con el fin de probar la funcionalidad y usabilidad de la integración, se desarrollaron dos estudios de casos. El primer estudio se llevó a cabo con 20 estudiantes, mientras el segundo se hizo con 4 profesores. Los resultados mostraron que tanto estudiantes como profesores estuvieron satisfechos con la integración realizada en Moodle
Elementos clave de la administración de programas académicos. Gestión de postgrados virtuales en la Universidad EAN
Authors: Benavides Gallego Gonzalo , Barrientos Barrera Oscar
Published: September 2016

Rev.esc.adm.negEje central del artículo es la gestión/administración/dirección de los programas académicos de postgrados ofrecidos por la universidad EAN, en metodología virtual. Los procesos de la administración aplican a todo tipo de organizaciones incluidas las instituciones educativas. En ellas una de las acciones centrales de su gestión son los programas académicos, aunque lo focal del documento son los postgrados y en especial las particularidades de la dirección de especializaciones y maestrías que se ofrecen en la metodología virtual, en la cual se identifican particularidades y diferencias respecto a la gestión de programas ofrecidos en la metodología presencial.
Acercamiento e- Learning en cátedra CORHUILA: experiencia pedagógica
Authors: Pérez Montero Eilin Lorena , Salcedo Benavides Erligton
Published: September 2016

Rev.esc.adm.negLa convergencia de las Tecnologías de la Información y comunicación (TIC), como mediador didáctico, ha construido rutas de aprendizaje creando ambientes que permiten desarrollar un pensamiento creativo, participativo, haciendo la educación más accesible y dinámica. En concordancia con la anterior reflexión, la Corporación Universitaria del Huila (CORHUILA), dentro de las necesidades de adoptar la tecnología y de darle herramientas a los docentes y estudiantes para su quehacer pedagógico, busca potenciar espacios donde confluyan procesos didácticos junto con la intermediación de dichas Tecnologías. De esta manera, el presente escrito es una aproximación de la experiencia pedagógica de la asignatura Cátedra CORHUILA bajo la modalidad e-learning orientada en todos los programas académicos de la Institución en el periodo académico B-2014 con el objetivo de señalar algunas recomendaciones y criterios a tener en cuenta para beneficiar en el desarrollo del conocimiento.
Teaching Compressed-Format Courses: Teacher-Based Best Practices
Authors: Kops William J.
Published: September 2016

This study provides insight into how highly rated instructors approached teaching compressed summer session courses, and offers a set of best practices that others might use when teaching in similar settings. Top-rated instructors indicated differences in the way they taught compressed-format summer session courses, with respect to course planning, classroom instruction, student assessment, and interaction with students. The study is of value to continuing educators, as universities are increasingly challenged to think about flexible delivery models, including teaching and learning in compressed formats.
Serhiy Bilenky. Romantic Nationalism in Eastern Europe: Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian Political Imaginations.
Authors: Koropeckyj Roman
Published: September 2016

Serhiy Bilenky. Romantic Nationalism in Eastern Europe: Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian Political Imaginations. Stanford Studies on Central and Eastern Europe. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2012. xiii, 389 pp. Maps. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Cloth. 
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Solid and Liquid Organic Fertilizers Applied to Lettuce
Authors: Toonsiri Phasita , Del Grosso Stephen J. , Sukor Arina , Davis Jessica G.
Published: September 2016

Improper application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and environmental factors can cause the loss of nitrous oxide (N2O) to the environment. Different types of fertilizers with different C/N ratios may have different effects on the environment. The focus of this study was to evaluate the effects of environmental factors and four organic fertilizers (feather meal, blood meal, fish emulsion, and cyano‐fertilizer) applied at different rates (0, 28, 56, and 112 kg N ha−1) on N2O emissions and to track CO2emissions from a lettuce field (Lactuca sativaL.). The study was conducted in 2013 and 2014 and compared preplant‐applied solid fertilizers (feather meal and blood meal) and multiple applications of liquid fertilizers (fish emulsion and cyano‐fertilizer). Three days a week, N2O and CO2emissions were measured twice per day in 2013 and once per day in 2014 using a closed‐static chamber, and gas samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. Preplant‐applied solid fertilizers significantly increased cumulative N2O emissions as compared with control, but multiple applications of liquid fertilizers did not. Emission factors for N2O ranged from 0 to 0.1% for multiple applications of liquid fertilizers and 0.6 to 11% for preplant‐applied solid fertilizers, which could be overestimated due to chamber placement over fertilizer bands. In 2014, solid fertilizers with higher C/N ratios (3.3–3.5) resulted in higher CO2emissions than liquid fertilizers (C/N ratio, 0.9–1.5). Therefore, organic farmers should consider the use of multiple applications of liquid fertilizers as a means to reduce soil greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining high yields.

Core Ideas

Multiple applications of liquid fertilizer can reduce GHG emissions.

Type of fertilizer and fertilizer application method can influence N2O emissions.

Soil temperature and soil water content influence N2O emissions.
Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate Treatment Reduces Hydrogen Sulfide and the Sulfate‐Reducing Bacteria Population of Swine Manure
Authors: Yokoyama Melvin T. , Spence Cheryl , Hengemuehle Susan M. , Whitehead Terence R. , von Bernuth Robert , Cotta Michael
Published: September 2016

Emission of odorous and toxic gases from stored livestock manure is well documented and poses a serious health risk to farmers and livestock. Hydrogen sulfide emissions have been sharply rising with increasingly intensive livestock production and are of particular concern because of the acute toxicity of this gas. Numerous strategies, technologies, and chemical treatments have been used to control hydrogen sulfide emissions, but none have worked particularly well because they are neither cost‐effective nor environmentally sustainable, or they are too toxic for animals. The inhibitory effect of the sodium tetraborate decahydrate (i.e., borax) treatment to reduce hydrogen sulfide production using sulfate‐reducing bacteria was examined in shallow manure pits in a starter–grower swine facility. Monitoring of air emissions and DNA analysis revealed that treatment of stored swine manure effectively reduced hydrogen sulfide production, and the reduction correlated to a decrease in the sulfate‐reducing bacteria population in the stored swine manure.

Core Ideas

Odors and toxic gases from stored manure pose a nuisance and a health risk.

The addition of borax significantly reduced the production of hydrogen sulfide.

The addition of borax reduced the population of sulfate‐reducing bacteria.
Identification of Tropical Maize Germplasm with Tolerance to Drought, Nitrogen Deficiency, and Combined Heat and Drought Stresses
Authors: Trachsel Samuel , Leyva Mayolo , Lopez Manuel , Suarez Edgar Antonio , Mendoza Alberto , Montiel Noel Gomez , Macias Mauro Sierra , Burgueno Juan , San Vicente Felix
Published: September 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate Maize (Zea mays L.) elite lines currently available in CIMMYT's lowland tropical breeding program in Latin America under multiple abiotic stresses and identify lines with tolerance to drought, N deficiency, and combined heat and drought stress (HTDS). An incomplete line‐by‐tester design was used to evaluate 436 testcrosses under nonstressed conditions, 507 under N deficiency, 417 under drought stress (DS), and 368 under HTDS in 30 season‐by‐location combinations between 2012 and 2015. Elite lines CLRCY016, CML269, CML550, and CML551 performed well across all conditions, while CLQRCWQ118, CLWN306, and CML576 showed good performance under DS and N deficiency. CML574 was tolerant to DS and HTDS. Moreover, CML550 and CML574 are known for their partial tolerance to maize lethal necrosis. Grain yield measured under DS was to some extent predictive of attainable grain yield under N‐deficient conditions (r = 0.65; P < 0.01) and HTDS (r = 0.54; P < 0.01) as indicated by the correlation across treatments. The fact that only a few lines were tolerant across treatments re‐emphasizes the need to separately screen germplasm under each abiotic stress. Based on high best linear unbiased predicted general combining ability (BLUP GCA), it will be possible to develop hybrids tolerant to multiple abiotic stresses without incurring any yield penalty under nonstressed conditions using these inbred lines.
Depth Matters: Soil pH and Dilution Effects in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Reeves Justin L. , Liebig Mark A.
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas

Suggested soil testing depths in the northern Great Plains are 0–15 or 0–20 cm.

Soil acidification is often most pronounced in near‐surface depths.

Soil pH change was evaluated in two long‐term dryland cropping studies.

Soil acidification at 0–7.6 cm was notably diluted at both 0–15.2 and 0–30.5 cm.

We suggest sampling soils at <8 cm for testing pH in the northern Great Plains.

In the northern Great Plains (NGP) of North America, surface sampling depths of 0 to 15 or 0 to 20 cm are suggested for testing soil characteristics such as pH. However, acidification is often most pronounced near the soil surface. Thus, sampling deeper can potentially dilute (increase) pH measurements and therefore change management recommendations. Here, we show evidence from two long‐term (16–19 yr) dryland cropping experiments that soil acidification at 0 to 7.6 cm was notably diluted at both 0 to 15.2 and 0 to 30.5 cm. There were significant differences among depths for both final pH and pH change over time, with final pH being progressively higher and pH change smaller at deeper depths. Even in the relatively young, highly buffered NGP soils, acidification can occur, and sampling depth for testing pH could be an important confounding factor. We suggest sampling soils at depths <8 cm for testing pH in the NGP.
Drumming among the Akan and Anlo Ewe of Ghana: an introduction
Authors: Anku Willie
Published: September 2016

It is generally recognized that the cultivation of music in any given society is limited by its tradition and history. Where ethnicity defines the boundaries of social and cultural life, particular traditions of drumming tend to be similarly confined. As a number of studies have been made of individual Akan and Anlo Ewe drumming styles, which have much in common (see references), it may be useful to offer here a general comparison of stylistic features of these two peoples, for there are also important differences that can be attributed to factors of ethnicity.
An analysis of foreign aid and environmental degradation in Pakistan using the ARDL bounds testing technique (1972-2013)
Authors: Yousaf Abida , Khan Himayatullah , Erum Naila , Rasul Saira
Published: September 2016

The paper examines the relationship among foreign aid, per capita GDP, energy consumption, foreign direct investment and carbon emissions in Pakistan. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing technique is used for empirically testing using annual data from 1972 to 2013. The study uses carbon dioxide emission (CO2) as an indicator of environment quality. The two components of foreign aid (foreign loans and foreign grants) are used to measure the environmental impact of foreign assistance in Pakistan. The study finds that energy consumption, per capita GDP and FDI contribute positively to raise the carbon emissions in the country. Furthermore, foreign loans and grants are also found significant contributors to the degradation of environmental quality in case of Pakistan. Similarly, the short run results of the model indicate that the signs of the coefficients are consistent with the long run estimates. On the basis of its findings, the study suggests that effective policies be followed for reducing (CO2) emissions along with regulating FDI-environment and per capita GDP-environment relationship
Mysteries of success for small and medium enterprises in Ga-Rankuwa Township of Pretoria in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Selaelo Maesela Pabalelo , Hungwe Taurai , Matshonisa Seeletse Solly
Published: September 2016

The small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are important to the South African economy and social development. This paper discusses the case of Ga-Rankuwa Township SMEs, causes of their proven failure and the methods used by the SMEs owned by people who came from foreign countries and operating in this township. These foreign SMEs did not have access to loans for business. On the other hand the local ones could apply for the loans but many did not know how and where. The locals then forfeited the opportunity, but still refused to partner with foreign ones who could assist them. The foreign ones were more successful in using business skills and knowledge to nurture their SMEs. They also contributed to the township’s economy by employing local people. Recommendations include that local SMEs should partner with foreign ones to develop synergies, and that the SME agency, Small Enterprise Development Agency (SEDA) should design policies for foreign SME access to business loan funds by ensuring and enforcing local empowerment as part of their loan access package
School-based evaluation to improve learner performance
Authors: Siphamandla Ryan Mathaba Richard , Dorasamy Nirmala
Published: September 2016

The article focuses on the periods of program and school evaluation in particular. The article traces school evaluation through various periods. These periods are: Age of originality (1444-1700), Age of reform (Prior 1900), Efficiency and testing (1900-1930), Tylerian period (1930-1945), Age of innocence (1946-1957), Age of development (1958-1972), Age of professionalism (1973-1983) and Age of expansion and integration (1984-2000). From these ages, the article is able to identify as to how Whole-school Evaluation in South Africa has been able to draw important lessons towards ensuring quality assurance in education
The relationship between the waste recycling fee and subsidy of due recyclable waste
Authors: Huang Wei-Lung
Published: September 2016

This study employs a life-cycle evaluation model of due recyclable waste (DRW) to analyze its optimal waste recycling fee (WRF) and subsidy. The results suggest that the government could set the optimal WRF and subsidy of DRW under the assumptions of the relationship that exist between the WRF and the subsidy for the budgetary constraints, but not set for the externality of DRW, and the environmental consciousness of individuals. And the different purposes of the WRF and subsidy are the reasons why a life-cycle evaluation model of due recyclable waste (DRW) is necessary to analyze its optimal waste recycling fee (WRF) and subsidy
Investigate the level of disclosure of emissions of the top ten manufacturing companies in South Africa
Authors: M. Smit Anet , Magdalena van Zyl Johanna
Published: September 2016

Throughout the world, countries and companies are directing their attention towards actions to protect the planet. An important focus area during various initiatives is the aim to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climatic system. Various targets are set by governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the South African Government is, among others, investigating a carbon tax policy to facilitate their transition to a greener economy. This paper analyzes the sustainability reports of the top ten manufacturing companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) and the disclosures of emissions were evaluated against a checklist that was developed through a literature review comprising various sources. From the results of the research, it is evident that all the companies reviewed are aware of the importance of emissions disclosure and the impact that emissions have on climate change. Companies, in general, adhere more to the qualitative, narrative type of requirements than to the more quantitative, performance-related reporting of emissions. In this study the reporting of the companies specifically on Scope 3 emissions were inadequate. More attention should be given to measure performance and to improve their systems to quantify data
Foremost causes of high academic turnover rate at some South African universities
Authors: Matshonisa Seeletse Solly , Lehlaba Thabane Joel
Published: September 2016

The paper focuses on experiences of resigning academics in higher education institutions (HEIs) of South Africa. The concern was the huge monetary cost involved, and student delays due to these resignations. The networks of the researchers benefitted this study by being alerted to resignations of academics in HEIs and arranging some of the interviews that were held. In some cases, exit interviews were also used. The study shows that these HEIs are negligent by failing to develop the appropriate policies for the new dispensation, and the bad practices of appointing managers. In addition, the improperly appointed managers lack skill and knowledge in management. As a result they discriminate, victimize and make job unbearable for some employees. Some of these employees who end up rising. Moreover, the decisions taken by the improperly appointed managers are also not monitored. Hence,the poor decisions made are not being over-ruled. The recommendations are that policies should be designed to align with the laws stated, and suitably experienced and qualified officials be appointed to enforce the policies. Also, interventions are needed regarding the powers given to improperly appointed managers
Effecting effective and efficient research service strategy for statistical support in Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
Authors: Matshonisa Seeletse Solly , Thabang Mokgwabone Katlego
Published: September 2016

The focus of this paper was to determine research support benchmarks from higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa for application in the Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University (SMU). These benchmarks were sought from networked international HEIs and leading research HEIs in the country. Other benchmarks were sourced from cost-effective models of deployment from other service departments within SMU. The study involved nine HEIs and SMU human resources (HR) department for benchmarking. The study found that the statistics departments were used in these HEIs for major research support. These statistics departments operated from statistics support centres, were supported holistically by their institutions, and were allowed qualified autonomy in their functions. The SMU HR department was assigning individual HR experts to various academic departments for full-time support. The paper combines the models of statistics centres and of assigning HR experts to departments for a new one in SMU. It proposes establishment of a statistical services centre in SMU, in the Department of Statistics and Operations Research (SOR). The centre could be used for statistical training and for fundraising as well. However, the core activities of the centre should be to support research on SMU campus. The centre should operate by dedicating statistics experts to various departments. That model also requires an adequate academic staffing of SOR, as well as initial funding for the entire plans and initial operations of the centre
Disposal of obsolete computers framework to reduce environmental effect of disposed computer materials in higher institutions of learning in Africa
Authors: Coleman Alfred
Published: September 2016

Disposal of obsolete computers (DOC) in higher institutions in Africa poses a major environmental problem to many African people. The question of how to dispose obsolete computers and computer technologies in a safe manner has become a cause of concern to many African people, especially when toxic emissions pollute the air, water, and soil posing a serious health and environmental hazard to the community. This study investigates the methods of disposing and recycling of obsolete computers, and its environmental effect on plants and animals in Africa. A case study approach is used. Participants were selected from three African countries Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa based on their historical background in Africa regarding e-waste. Semi-structured, open ended interview questions were used to gather evidence from the participants regarding how obsolete computers are disposed from their institutions and the possible effect of the disposed computers on the environment. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded. The findings revel that the most common method of disposing obsolete computers is through dumping, dismantling of parts for resale by children and open field burning of unwanted parts. This burning process produces toxic material which is associated with high health risks. Based on the findings, a proposed Disposal of Obsolete Computers Framework (DOCF) was developed to guide higher institutions in Africa to opt for appropriate methods of disposing computers. The framework will not only assist higher institution in selecting a better option of disposing obsolete computers, but also will improve the hazardous environmental conditions which animals and plants find themselves
Investigating the determinants of dividend policy in emerging markets using a combination of exploratory variables
Authors: Prasetyo Jatmiko Dadang , Manahov Viktor , Obiosa Nnamdi
Published: September 2016

s. The authors analyze the factors causing dividend policy by utilizing agency cost theory of dividend and transaction cost of dividend by using blue chips companies stock listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2004-2013. They also examine the transaction costs of bid-offer spread and commission as the proxies with agency cost factors of insider ownership and shareholder dispersion. The authors observe that the independent variables affected the dividend policy simultaneously. In addition, they find that the bid-offer spread as a new proxy also had significant effects on the dividend policy
Long-memory in asset returns and volatility: evidence from West Africa
Authors: Numapau Gyamfi Emmanuel , A. Kyei Kwabena , Gill Ryan
Published: September 2016

This paper measures the degree of long-memory or long-range dependence in asset returns and volatility of two stock indices in Ghana and Nigeria. The presence of long-memory opens up opportunities for abnormal returns to be made by analyzing price history of a particular market. The authors employ the Hurst exponent to measure the degree of long-memory which is evaluated by a semiparametric method, the Local Whittle estimator. The ﬁndings show strong evidence of the presence of long-memory in both returns and volatility of the indices studied, suggesting that neither of the markets in Ghana and Nigeria is weak-form eﬃcient
Real estate as a portfolio risk diversifier
Authors: Etebari Ahmad
Published: September 2016

This study provides evidence on the investment performance of real estate relative to bonds and common stocks in the U.S. Using quarterly total return data over the years 1978-2012, the analyses show that, over this period, on a risk-adjusted basis real estate was the top performing asset class, outperformed both bonds and stocks. Real estate, in the Eastern U.S., was the top performer, outperforming both bonds and stocks. The results also show that real estate provided a partial hedge against actual and expected inflation, and that, in combinations with bonds and stocks, it made up a major share of optimal portfolios constructed for various target returns within the Markowitz optimization framework
Financial innovation and economic growth: evidence from Zimbabwe
Authors: Bara Alex , Mudzingiri Calvin
Published: September 2016

The role of financial innovation on economic growth in developing countries has not been actively pursued. Stemming from the finance-growth nexus, literature suggests that financial innovation has a relationship to growth, which could be either positive or negative. Implicitly, financial innovation has a good and a dark side that affects growth. This study establishes the causal relationship between financial innovation and economic growth in Zimbabwe empirically. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds tests and Granger causality tests on financial time series data of Zimbabwe for the period 1980-2013, the study finds that financial innovation has a relationship to economic growth that varies depending on the variable used to measure financial innovation. A long-run, growth-driven financial innovationis confirmed, with causality running from economic growth to financial innovation. Bi-directional causality also exists after conditionally netting-off financial development. Policies that enhance economic growth inter-twined with financial innovation are essential, if developing countries, such as Zimbabwe, aim to maximize economic development
Ethical Dow Jones indexes and investment performance: international evidence
Authors: Sherif Mohamed
Published: September 2016

This study examines the relative importance of the Shariah-Compliant Dow Jones market indexes to capture the dynamic behavior of stock returns at economy and industry levels. The analysis indicates that ethical investment has only an insignificant influence on the performance of stock market returns for both the economy and industry levels. Further, alternative measures of investment performance including the Carhart and Habit Formation models have been used to examine the behavior of the Shariah-Compliant Dow Jones market indexes. The findings suggest a negative market timing ability with both Islamic and conventional indexes. While Islamic indexes are growth focused, conventional indexes are value focused. Further, when investigating the performance of Islamic and conventional Dow Jones indexes during the recent financial crisis, there is evidence supportive of Islamic indexes against conventional ones. For sector groupings, the results indicate that parameter estimates are not consistent, suggesting that Islamic indexes are sector oriented. These results are explained to be a consequence of less diversification in Islamic indexes, leading to higher risk in some sector groupings such as technology and consumption services
Maintenance and Analysis of Agricultural Data: A Challenge
Authors: K.* Gupta N. , K. Isaac R. , Singh R. K.
Published: September 2016

Agriculture is the backbone of India and agriculture research is required for sustainable and modern agriculture. In India there are more than 1,00,000 agricultural scientists working for agricultural research and development ICAR, SAUs, KVKs, CSIR, IITs, NGOs, etc. large number of data are being produced by different scientist, researcher and student involved in various research work conducted on farm. The availability of huge data from the field of agriculture is needed to be translated in valuable and easily understandable format. Several data collecting agencies are working on state, central and international level. In spite of good no. of available software's, the information obtained through the analysis of data are, somehow, lacking in meeting their fate of serving the targeted communities-farmers, researcher and student. Loss of data means loss of national money. So there is need of proper Maintenance and analysis of agricultural data. Here vast information is collected related to the topic from different countries to evaluate what type of system are being used by them to solve the problem and also to prepare a strategy by adopting which maintenance and analysis of agricultural data in India will be possible. This will save not only the money but also the time for generating the same data and the valuable man power.
Effects of cartriz on ovarian histopathology of Channa punctatus (Bloch).
Authors: Pathak Renu , Sadhu* D. N. , Alam Md. Noor
Published: September 2016

Indiscriminate use of pesticides including cartriz for getting better result in agriculture, has ultimately affected the aquatic biota in general and fishes in particular. The present investigation is aimed to study the adverse effects in the histological make up and gonado somatic index(GSI) of a fresh water fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch) exposed to sublethal concentration of carbamate pesticide, cartriz for different ovarian cycle. The pesticide produced deleterious changes in the ovarian structure and also caused significant changes in GSI, revealing its toxic nature. Parallelly a central set of experiment was kept for observation without any pesticide. Hence it is suggested to use cartriz within prescribed level, to save the environment
Toxic effects of sub lethal concentration of dioctyl phthalate on the histology of liver of Clarias batrachus (Linn.).
Authors: Satpathi* Manisha , Singh Ravinder
Published: September 2016

Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) commonly used as plasticizer enters into aquatic environment from the industries manufacturing plastic products, PVC resins, cosmetics and many other commercial products. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the acute toxicity effects of Dioctyl phthalate on fresh water fish Clarias batrachus. The 96 hour LC50 of Dioctyl phthalate in Clarias batrachus was estimated as 14.5ml/L. Histopathological changes in liver of Clarias batrachus were determined by exposing them to a fraction of LC50(1/5th) dose with every change of water for 30 days.The liver of Clarias batrachus was excised at every interval of 30 days and histological changes of liver were studied under light microscopy. Liver tissues showed abnormalities. Centrilobular vacuolation, necrosis, eccentric nuclei and enlarged nuclei, Centrilobular degeneration of hepatocytes were observed in liver tissue of fish.
Characterisation of ground waters for metal ions, pesticide residues and microbial content in selected agro based rural habitations in East Godavari region for quality evaluation
Authors: P.* Satyanarayana , Machiraju P. V.S.
Published: September 2016

The purpose of the present study is to provide a better understanding of the impacts of agricultural activities on ground water quality in some selected agro based rural habitations in East Godavari region of Andhra Pradesh, India. Ground water samples were collected from the nearby locations in the vicinity of agricultural activity areas and characterized for metal ions to assess metal toxicity, Pesticide residues to assess their impacts on ground water quality. The ground waters were analyzed for bacterial species to estimate the microbial contamination. The analytical results revealed that the concentration of metal ions is within the permissible limits of drinking water standards indicating the absence of metal toxicity in waters. The pesticide residue levels are at below detectable limit and can cause no concern on ground water quality. However, the waters are observed with bacterial species which can cause waterborne diseases. The waters are to be treated properly to remove the microbial contamination to protect the public residing in the nearby habitations who consume these waters for drinking or domestic purposes.
Cultural knowledge and treatment of childhood illness
Authors: Lemos Izabel Cristina Santiago , Lacerda Giovana Mendes De , Barbosa Maysa de Oliveira , Delmondes Gyllyandeson de Araújo , Figueiredo Patrícia Rosane Leite de , De Oliveira Dayanne Rakelly , Fernandes Cicera Norma , Barbosa Roseli , Fernandes George Pimentel , Kerntopf* Marta Regina
Published: September 2016

Traditional knowledge emerges as a relevant figure in care used by mothers and caregivers for the management of acute respiratory infections, diarrhea and anemia. To understand the meaning given to the use of traditional knowledge by mothers or caregivers for the treatment of these illnesses, their reflexes to conventional treatment, as well as discuss the role of health professionals with regard to the use of plants and animals by mothers or responsible for the management the respiratory infections; diarrhea and anemia. The research was conducted in Santo Antônio community (Barbalha - CE). Techniques as “rapport” and “Snowball” were used for data collection, and a closed questionnaire and semi-structured interview were applied. For data analysis, the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) was used. The sample included 54 informants. There were 19 key ideas identified, which revealed an appreciation of the use of natural resources to treat the respiratory infections; diarrhea and anemia, an association between conventional and traditional medicine in the management these common childhood illnesses and the need for health professionals value the popular knowledge in assistance provided. Health professionals are encouraged to include behaviors in their care practice that allow greater contact with local cultures, being able to measure what resources are used and how they can interfere on the prescribed therapy.
Aquaponics: An innovative approach of symbiotic farming
Authors: K.* Panigrahi G. , Panda Sasmita , Padhi Surendra Nath
Published: September 2016

Aquaponics is a typical bio-integrated system that forms a critical link between the recirculating aquaculture with hydroponic vegetable, flower, and/or herb production. It establishes a type of symbiotic relationship between aquatic animals with that of plants with in a system. Recent advances by researchers all around the globe have curved aquaponics into a working model of sustainable food production. This innovation named aquaponics respects principle of sustainability as well as gives a possibility to increase economical efficiency with an additional productivity. For the improvement of man’s health, we must reconsider the agricultural sciences in such a way that we can develop technologies friendly for the environment.