bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Octavio Paz’ın Yazınsal Yaklaşımı ve Çeviriye İlişkin Görüşleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ABDAL Göksenin
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Meksikalı şair Octavio
Paz’ın “Söz Sanatı ve Söze Bağlılık Açısından Çeviri” başlıklı yazısından
hareketle, Paz’ın çeviriye ilişkin düşüncelerini tartışmaya açmaktır. Çeviri
eylemini diller üstü bir yaratma eylemi olarak gören Paz, yazı içerisinde,
geçmişten günümüze çeviri tartışmalarına sıklıkla konu olan birtakım kavramlar (eşdeğerlik,
yerlileştirme, yabancılaştırma, vb.) aracılığıyla çeviri kavramı üzerine
düşüncelerini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmanın birinci aşamasında, Octavio
Paz’ın yaşamı kısaca ele alınmakta; ikinci aşamasında, yazın üzerine
düşünceleri değerlendirilmekte; üçüncü aşamasında ise “Söz Sanatı ve Söze
Bağlılık Açısından Çeviri” başlıklı yazısından hareketle, yazın çevirisi
üzerine bakış açısına odaklanılmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda, şairin yazın
üzerine görüşlerinin yaşam deneyimlerinden büyük oranda etkilendiği ve yazın
üzerine görüşleriyle çeviriye ilişkin düşünceleri arasında koşutluklar olduğu
tespit edilmiştir.
Seramik-Sofra Adabı Etkileşimi ve Politik Söylem Aracı Olarak 18.yy Porselen Yemek Takımları
Authors: YILMAZ Ersoy
Published: April 2019

Tang
Hanedanlığı (M.S. 618-907) dönemine Çin’de icat edilen porselen, ayırt edici
dört özelliği beyazlığı, saydamlığı, sertliği ve kendine has çınlaması olan, en
mükemmel seramik türüdür. 9.yy.dan itibaren İslam coğrafyasına 16.yy.dan sonra
da Avrupa’ya ithal edilen porselen, hem aristokratik beğeni hem de yerel
seramik gelenekleri üzerinde önemli etkiler yapar. Zanaatkârlar, yüzyıllar
boyunca hem porselenin üretim sırrını çözmeye hem de onu taklit eden seramikler
üretmeye çalışırlar. Avrupa özelinde bu sürece   16.yy.dan
başlayarak sofra adabındaki git gide artan bir incelme eşlik eder. Porselenin
sırrı 1710’da Saksonya’da çözülür ve kıta, Meissen, Viyana ve Sevres gibi
Avrupa menşeli porselenle tanışır. Bu dönemde ayrıca Fransız tarzı denilen yemek
servisi evrensel ölçekte yegâne medenî tarz olarak yerleşir. Eşleşen motif ve
formlarıyla böylesi bir bağlamın meyvesi olarak beliren porselen yemek/tatlı
takımları, bir güç, itibar ve politik söylem aracına dönüşür. 18.yy., merkezinde
gösterişli hatta abartılı böylesi takımların  yer aldığı bir porselen diplomasisine tanıklık
eder.
Hadislerde Kinayeli Kullanım
Authors: ATEŞ Avnullah Enes , AYDIN Abdullah
Published: April 2019

Hz. Peygamber (s.a.v.)
İslam’ı tebliğinde, içerisinde doğup büyüdüğü Arap toplumunun dil ve edebiyat
becerilerini iyi bir şekilde kullanmıştır. Onları hakka davet ederken teşbih,
mecaz, kinaye gibi birçok edebi üsluplarla meramını anlatmıştır. Etkili konuşma
noktasında sözün büyüleyici bir etkisi olduğunu da yine kendileri dile
getirmişlerdir. Bu nedenle Allah Resulünün (s.a.v.) sözlü davet yönünün ve
hadislerinin doğru ve iyi anlaşılması o dönemin Arapça dil ve edebiyat
yapısının bilinmesiyle mümkündür. Hadislerin bu yönde ele alınarak çalışılması
bir zorunluluktur. Hadis şerhlerinde hadislerin edebi yönlerine değinilse de
kimi zaman kavram kargaşası yaşanmaktadır. Özellikle kinaye terimi konusunda
büyük problemler bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca bütün yönleriyle dağınık bir şekilde ele
alınan hadislerin derli toplu ve tek bir meseleye yönelerek incelenmesi daha
büyük bir yarar sağlayacaktır. Bundan dolayı bu çalışma, kinayenin şerhlerden
tespitindeki bu problemi ele alacak, sonra da Allah Resulünün (s.a.v.) kinayeli
kullanımlarına değinecektir.
Titanio: aspectos del material para uso en ortodoncia
Authors: Arango-Santander Santiago , Ramírez-Vega Carolina
Published: April 2019

Introducción: el titanio y sus aleaciones han sido utilizados durante largo tiempo en Medicina y en Odontología debido a sus numerosas propiedades, entre las cuales están su alta resistencia a la corrosión y su gran biocompatibilidad. En el caso de la ortodoncia, este material y sus aleaciones tienen una historia relativamente corta, pero su uso se ha venido incrementando en los últimos años debido a sus excelentes propiedades mecánicas, como el efecto de memoria de forma y la superelasticidad, que hacen que sea un material con un extraordinario desempeño biomecánico, sobre todo en el caso de los alambres ortodóncicos, lo cual es altamente buscado en el área de la ortodoncia. Objetivo: examinar la historia del titanio en ortodoncia, sus principales características, sus propiedades físicas y mecánicas, y su uso dentro de la gama de materiales ortodóncicos disponibles enel mercado. Conclusión: en ortodoncia, el titanio es utilizado aleado con otros elementos (níquel, molibdeno y cobre, entre otros) que potencializan sus propiedades y permiten explotar sus cualidades clínicas.
Firmaların Sermaye Yapısını Etkileyen Faktörler: Demir Çelik Metal Ana Sanayi Uygulaması
Authors: SÖYLEMEZ Yakup
Published: April 2019

Bu araştırmada pay senetleri Borsa İstanbul (BİST)’da işlem görmekte olan demir çelik metal ana sanayi firmalarının mali tabloları kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri 2010-2017 dönemini kapsamakta olup, 13 işletme analize dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada üç farklı model oluşturulmuş ve tüm modeller için panel veri analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada bağımlı değişken olarak çeşitli kaldıraç oranları kullanılmıştır. Bağımsız değişkenler ise büyüklük, borç dışı vergi kalkanı, karlılık ve likidite olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda kaldıraç oranları ile likidite ve büyüklük değişkenleri arasında negatif ilişki, borç dışı vergi kalkanı ve karlılık değişkenleri arasında ise pozitif ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma, demir çelik sektöründe hem finansal hiyerarşi kuramının hem de dengeleme teorisinin geçerli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
FIN-Seq (Frozen Immunolabeled Nuclei Sequencing) v1
Authors: Amamoto Ryoji , Zuccaro Emanuela , Arlotta Paola , L. Cepko Constance
Published: April 2019

Thousands of frozen, archived tissues from postmortem human central nervous system (CNS) are currently available in brain banks. As single cell and single nucleus technologies are beginning to elucidate the cellular diversity present within the human CNS, it is becoming clear that transcriptional analysis of the human CNS requires cell type specificity. Single cell and single nucleus RNA profiling provide one avenue to decipher this heterogeneity. An alternative, complementary approach is to profile isolated, pre-defined cell types and use methods that can be applied to many archived human tissue samples. Here, we developed FIN-Seq (Frozen Immunolabeled Nuclei Sequencing), a method that accomplishes these goals. FIN-Seq uses immunohistochemical isolation of nuclei of specific cell types from frozen human tissue, followed by RNA-Sequencing. We applied this method to frozen postmortem samples of human cerebral cortex and retina and were able to identify transcripts, including low abundance transcripts, in specific cell types.
Before data acquisition -- Start MRI Project Spinoza REC v15
Authors: Beemsterboer Tinka , Snoek Lukas , Scholte H.steven
Published: April 2019

Dear researcher, This protocoloutlines the steps to start an MRI project at the Spinoza Centre Roeterseiland (REC). If you haven't had contact with Steven Scholte or Tinka Beemsterboer, make sure to contact them before completing this protocol. You can reach us by email: Steven Scholte: h.s.scholte@uva.nl Tinka Beemsterboer: t.beemsterboer@uva.nl Lukas Snoek: l.snoek@uva.nl If you have any suggestions for improving the workflow, don't hesitate to add comments to the steps in the protocol. Hope to see you soon! The Spinoza REC team, Steven Scholte, Tinka Beemsterboer, and Lukas Snoek
Re-defining the traditional neighborhood areas in the historical city center- Saray Sulaimani as a case study
Authors: Rasul Hoshyar , Muhammed Hussein
Published: April 2019

It is widely accepted, that historic urban quarters are coherent entities, which are clearly identified by their traditional character and architectural values and meanings.

 

These areas have been described as critical areas in the city, because they hold and kept in the same time the identity of the city, and been more decayed day by day due to obsolescence phenomenon which faced these areas continuously. In this regard, Sulaimania city center showed many kinds of developments, which are totally not exceeds the individual buildings oriented. The way that these individual buildings had become as a landmark of the city, because of its richness in holding many historical, architectural, heritage values. The last was the rehabilitation of Sulaimania - Saray building. Examination of successful examples of revitalization projects for historic urban quarters in different cities shows that, aside from the application of effective organizational, legal, fiscal, financial tools, correct identification of the contextual attributes during the analytical stage plays a key role in determining the appropriate strategic approach to revitalization. From this point of view, the problem research derived as the lack of contextualism perspective in revitalization projects in historical traditional areas in the city center leads to what known as building based instead of area-based protection. The study tries to achieve objectives underlying as necessity of treating these areas as one integrative unit which are participating in drawing the context of urban scene, and any effort to separate building from its context leads to fragment the urban tissue specially in the urban center, and of course this whole view can pave the road to re-define these decayed areas in the way described as more widely and sustainable method.
THE SYNTHESIS OF COPPER(II)-CONTAINING 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE COMPLEXES
Authors: Petrenko I. , Khomenko D. , Doroschuk R. , Lampeka R.
Published: April 2019

Methods of the synthesis of the copper(II) containing 3-(2-pyridinyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole complexes are reported. Systematic studies were devoted to the investigating an importance of triethylamine towards the сomplexation. The various coordination modes that have been observed in complexes were discussed. We noticed the correlations of coordination complexes structure and the metal-ligand correlation. Two mononuclear complexes and one dinuclear complex of a 2:2 composition were obtained.

The deprotonation of the ligand in the complex namely [Cu(L)2](H2O)2 was eased by adding triethylamine. The octahedral complex [Cu(HL)2(NO3)](NO3) was synthesized without triethylamine. In excess of ligands, mononuclear coordination compounds formed mostly. By adding the equal to ligand amount of triethylamine we obtained complex in a lower tetragonal symmetry. Deprotonated triazole is the high field ligand, therefore, due to the Jahn–Teller effect, square coordination is more desirable. In all coordination compounds formation of the 5-membered chelate cycle realizes through a pyridine-triazole binding site.The structures of three complexes have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
The Impact of Mixed Dentition Malocclusion on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life for Children and Their Families: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Piassi Eluza , Antunes Leonardo Santos , Graça Tereza Cristina Almeida , Antunes Lívia Azeredo Alves
Published: April 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between malocclusion in mixed dentition and its impact on the oral health-related quality of life OHRQoL of children and their families as well to determine if there were any reported differences in OHRQoL due to malocclusion severity. Study design: A total of 144 subjects, which included 70 children (aged 8–10 years) and their parents, were recruited on the basis of predetermined criteria and divided into the following groups: children with malocclusion (case group) and children without malocclusion (control group). The OHRQoL was assessed using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8–10) and the Family Impact Scale (FIS). The severity of malocclusion was assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index. The specific types of malocclusions (anterior open bite, anterior/ posterior crossbite and overjet) and their severity were considered for the statistical analyses by applying the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, respectively, with a set at p<0.05. Results: The CPQ8–10 and FIS scores demonstrated higher impact on OHRQoL in the case group (p<0.01). There were no reported differences in OHRQoL according to the dental aesthetic index severity (p>0.05) and no differences between specific types of malocclusion (p>0.05) Conclusions: Mixed dentition malocclusion impacted the oral-health quality of life for children and their families independently of the severity.
Parental Expressed Concerns about Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) Treatment
Authors: Crystal YO , Kreider B , Raveis VH
Published: April 2019

Background: The staining associated with its caries arrest may be a deterrent for the use of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF). This study aims to elucidate the concerns that inform parents' perceptions and acceptance of SDF as a treatment option for their child. Study Design: We analyzed qualitative data obtained through an investigation in which parents attending a pediatric dental appointment participated in a survey, which included an open-ended question to evaluate their opinions about SDF staining. Thematic analysis of the comments, offered by the subsample of participants who replied to this question (n=43), yielded insights about perception of SDF therapy. Results: Most parents who provided comments were mothers (83.7%), college graduates (72.1%), primarily white (48.8%) or Hispanic (27.9%). Six themes emerged from the thematic analysis of the parents' responses: Esthetic Concerns, Psychosocial Concerns, SDF Treatment Process, Risks and Side Effects, Situational Benefits, and Dental Treatment Process. While many of the parents' comments are related to appearance, other topics that merit consideration when discussing SDF treatment were mentioned. Conclusions: Although parents are concerned about the esthetic impact of SDF, they understand the risks of alternative treatments and welcome information that will allow them to make an informed decision. Location of the cavities and visibility of the staining appear to heavily influence the decision to accept or reject this therapy.
Diagnostic Performance of Different Methods in Detecting Incipient Non-Cavitated Occlusal Caries Lesions in Permanent Teeth
Authors: Ünal Murat , Koçkanat Arzu , Güler Seniha , Gültürk Esra
Published: April 2019

Aim: This in vitro study was aimed to investigate the performance of the new caries detection tools on the incipient occlusal caries. Study design: In our study, 100 permanent molar teeth, which were considered to have incipient, enamel caries (D1 and D2 threshold values) according to ICDAS II score. After the visual examination, caries measurements have been applied to all teeth by using DIAGNOdent pen (DP), CarieScan PRO (CP) and SoproLife camera (SC). In addition, in vitro examinations were repeated 2 weeks later. After sectioning and evaluation in stereomicroscope, the lesion depth was determined with histological criteria that are accepted for the gold standard for this research. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under the ROC curve were calculated at D1 and D2 thresholds. The intra-examiners' reproducibility were analysed using Cohen's kappa statistics and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Intra-examiner repeatability values varied from 0.94 to 0.99 and kappa values ranged from 0.90 to 0.99. While the highest sensitivity and specificity value showed for SC at D1 and D2 thresholds, CP presented the lowest values. The area under ROC curves (Az) varied from 0.70 to 0.99. ICDAS II showed the highest area under ROC curves (Az). Conclusions: ICDAS II, visual diagnostic method by itself is considered to sufficient in order to diagnose incipient occlusal caries. SC may be used as an alternative method for the ICDAS II, since its advantages by displaying caries lesion on the computer monitor, follow-up and motivation of the patients provided.
Caracterización de las pymes colombianas y de sus fundadores: un análisis desde dos regiones del país
Authors: Franco Ángel Mónica , Urbano David
Published: April 2019

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo realizar una caracterización de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) colombianas y de sus fundadores. Se realiza una investigación descriptiva con 384 empresas ubicadas en los departamentos de Cundinamarca y Valle del Cauca. Los resultados indican que en su mayoría las empresas superan los 48 meses de edad, cuentan en promedio con ventas anuales de hasta 5.000 millones de pesos colombianos, y que el tamaño de la planta de personal en la actualidad es hasta cinco veces el que tenían en el momento de su creación. En relación con los fundadores, estos superan los 36 años, presentan una sólida formación académica y se consideran buenos líderes.
Use of Agricultural Waste for Wastewater Treatment of Industrial Enterprises
Authors: Dremicheva E.S.
Published: April 2019

The possibility of using agricultural waste – beet chips – in an alternative direction: wastewater treatment from petroleum products and heavy metals. The results of studies on the assessment of oil capacity, sorption capacity for iron(III) ions, as well as the thermal effect when disposing of beet chips thermally are given. The object of the study was beet chips – a by-product of sugar beet processing by Buinsky Sugar Plant LLC. The experiments were carried out in accordance with GOST. Oil capacity was determined by the gravimetric method. The concentration of iron(III) ions was measured by the photocolorimetric method. It is shown that the use of beet chips for wastewater treatment of industrial enterprises due to seasonality restrictions will be possible in the composition of sorption blends.
Apparatus for Intensification of Recycling Processes of Industrial Wastewater
Authors: Lipunov I.N. , Legky V.I. , Pervova I.G.
Published: April 2019

The design of a high-technology apparatus has been developed with the purpose of intensification of interphase mass exchange and reaction processes occurring in heterogeneous systems. This apparatus generates hydrodynamic conditions that ensure a high degree of turbulence of the fluid flow core. Improved diffuse and kinetic characteristics of these processes leads to a reduction in time heterogeneous system stay in the reaction zone of the apparatus and increase its productivity.
Groundwater Quality Assessment of Upper Jurassic Sediments in the Southwestern Districts of the Crimean Peninsula for Drinking and Agricultural Water Supply
Authors: Novikov D.A. , Chernykh A.V. , Dultsev F.F.
Published: April 2019

The results of the study of hydro geochemical features and assessment of the quality of groundwater in the watercarrying complex of the Upper Jurassic sediments of the southwestern regions of the Crimean Peninsula for drinking and agricultural water supply are presented. Pressure stratalfissured and fissure-karst waters are confined to the Middle-Oxford-Kimeridzhsky aquifer. It was established that in the studied region fresh groundwater is developed with a total mineralization of up to 1 g/dm3and lower than HCO3-Ca, HCO3-Ca-Mg, more rarely HCO3-Ca-Na and Na-Ca composition with the first being dominant. The highest quality groundwaters are characterized by HCO3-Ca composition with a total salt content of up to 0.6 g/dm3. They have been studied within the Rodnikovsky section of the West-Crimean groundwater deposit. Waters of satisfactory quality are characterized by HCO3-Ca and HCO3-Ca-Mg composition and were found in wells located near the villages of Rossoshanka, Orlinoye, Plotynnoye and Golubinka. Low-quality water was determined in the wells of the villages of Sokolinoye and Chernorechye, north-west and north-east of the Rodnikovsky water abstraction.
The Cogeneration Installations with Injection of Steam in the Course of Utilization
Authors: Morozenko M.I. , Grishakova V.V. , Nikulina S.N. , Yakovleva O.V. , Safronova M.E.
Published: April 2019

The possibility of effective use of technology of microbiological degradation for recycling of a phytogenesis with receiving biogas and further development of electric and thermal energy on the basis of small-sized gas turbine installation with injection of steam with two-level utilization of warmth is investigated. Settlement indicators of efficiency of GTU with injection of steam and the utilization boiler are given. Lower temperature condition in UVK of condensation type will allow to use less expensive materials for production of the heat exchanger and to increase a work resource. It is shown that when using this technology production of biogas which it can be useful is carried out it is used for complex development of energy that promotes economical, rational optimum use of natural resources with the simultaneous solution of the current problems in the field of protection of the surrounding environment connected with utilization and neutralization of solid municipal waste of consumption and production.
Anthropometric Parameters in Kyrgyz Males of Various Somatotypes
Authors: Sakibaev K. Sh.
Published: April 2019

The aimof research was to obtain data about “somatotypical profile” and some anthropometric parameters in young and adult males, the ethnic Kyrgyz.

Material and methods.The study included 955 healthy young and adult males, ethnic Kyrgyzs, residents of Osh city and its suburbs. To assess their physical development the authors used a method of complex anthropometry and somatotyping. Morphometric processing of the obtained data was performed using statistical programs Microsoft Excel and package STATISTICA (v. 6.0). Differences between two compared values were estimated by Student's distribution at p<0.05.

Results.The most common constitutional types in the Kyrgyz young and adult men appeared to be an abdominal (35–37%), muscular (25–27%) and indefinite (27–30%) constitutional types; thoracic somatotype (9–11%) being the rarest. The performed analysis demonstrated a tendency to increasing the diameter of the wrist and calf during the development from the youth into the 1st and then the 2nd period of adulthood; this was observed in the representatives of all somatotypes. The individual minimum and maximum values of the width of the shoulder girdle were higher in men of the muscular somatotype than in men of the thoracic somatotype regardless of their age; the same parameters had intermediate values in men of the abdominal and indefinite somatotypes.

Conclusion.The obtained data on the distribution of different somatotypes in the Kyrgyz male population and certain anthropometric parameters in the representatives of different somatotypes will contribute to the design of the national standards of physical development; the fact being significant for practical health and theoretical medicine
Мorphofunctional Characteristics of the Male Reproductive System of White Rats Treated with Bisphenol A and Triclosan
Authors: Chigrinets S. V. , Bryukhin G. V. , Zav'yalov S. N.
Published: April 2019

The aimof this study was to analyze the morphofunctional state of the testes of mature male rats treated with bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS).

Material and methods.The work was performed on mature male rats (n=28). Experimental animals were divided into three groups – control (intact) and two experimental ones. For two months, rats of the experimental groups received daily bisphenol A and triclosan (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) with food in the amount of 200 mg/kg. The total count of spermatozoa in 1 ml of sperm was determined with the calculation of their atypical forms, and morphometric measurements were made (the total number and area of Leydig cells with their nuclearcytoplasmic ratio). The concentrations of bisphenol A and testicular triclosan were measured by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The obtained data was subjected to statistical processing using IBM SPSS Statistics v.21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

Results.Differences between the comparison groups in the concentration of bisphenol A and triclosan in testicular tissues were statistically significant (p <0.001). The endocrine disruptors studied reduced the mass of the testes. A group of male rats exposed to bisphenol A showed a decrease in the total number of spermatozoa (p=0.004) with an increase in their atypical forms (p=0.014) compared with a group of intact animals. Bisphenol A and triclosan caused a decrease in the total number of Leydig cells (p=0.001; p=0.001) respectively, and a statistically significant change in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. Moreover, bisphenol A led to a decrease in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of Leydig cells, whereas triclosal, on the contrary, increased its value in comparison with a group of intact animals.

Conclusion.Bisphenol A and triclosan have a negative effect on the morphofunctional state of the male testes of sexually mature rats (decrease in testicular mass, total count of spermatozoa on the background of an increase in their atypical forms, as well as a decrease in the total number of Leydig cells with a change in their nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio).
Avaliação econômica da utilização de seringa pré-enchida versus seringa preenchida manualmente para flushing em pacientes com cateter venoso central na perspectiva de operadoras de saúde
Authors: Gomes Marcelo , Romcy Helena
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: O avanço da tecnologia no setor da saúde vem provocando, principalmente às Operadoras de Saúde, uma discussão sobre qual o melhor caminho para a incorporação de novos produtos médico-hospitalares. O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma análise de custo comparando uma nova tecnologia (seringa pré-enchida) com uma tecnologia usual (seringa preenchida manualmente) em pacientes em uso de cateter venoso central (CVC). Métodos: Uma avaliação econômica baseada em modelo de Árvore de decisão foi desenvolvida para avaliar a seringa pré-enchida comercialmente em comparação com a seringa preenchida manualmente com solução salina para flushing em pacientes com CVC, considerando-se a perspectiva das operadoras de saúde. O horizonte de tempo considerado foi de um ano. Como desfechos clínicos, foram adotadas a ocorrência de infecção da corrente sanguínea associada a cateter (ICSAC) e a de oclusões. Para os desfechos econômicos, foram considerados os custos com flush, redução de ocorrência de ICSAC e da oclusão. Todos os custos foram extraídos de base de dados locais de custo para o Brasil. Resultados: A avaliação econômica mostrou que o uso da seringa pré-enchida promove redução de 77% (1,17 vs. 5,10) e 62% (3,26 vs. 8,57) nas ocorrências de ICSAC e oclusão, respectivamente, comparada à seringa de preenchimento manual. O custo por flushing é de R$ 32,88 e R$ 98,48 para seringa pré-enchida e seringa preenchida manualmente, respectivamente, redução absoluta de R$ 65,60 e percentual de 67%. Conclusão: A utilização da seringa pré-enchida comercialmente demonstrou ser uma opção dominante econômica e clinicamente para o flushing em pacientes com CVC, quando comparada à seringa preenchida manualmente.
Including Oil Price Uncertainty in Development Option Selection Taking the Project Portfolio into Account
Authors: Steineder Dominik , Clemens Torsten
Published: April 2019

Oil price forecasting has been shown to be challenging if not impossible for the long-term. However, the oil price has a major impact on Exploration and Production projects.

Historical Project Realized Oil Price (PROP) can be calculated for example projects by summing up the total project revenue using the actual oil prices and dividing through the total amount of oil produced. For different starting dates of example projects, the PROP changes. Determining the PROP for different starting times, a Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) can be derived. Adjusting this CDF for expected "half cycle breakeven costs" for the low limit and demand considerations for the high case leads to a PROP range that can be used for future project evaluation.

Including PROP ranges into project evaluation allows for the selection of the most attractive development option, Value of Information analysis and project Probability of Economic Success (PES) calculation including oil price uncertainty.

Furthermore, using PROP ranges rather than oil price scenarios enables a distinction between short-term budget planning and long-term project development. For budget planning, a scenario approach is suggested while for long-term planning PROP ranges should be used. Applying long-term planning on PROP ranges leads to less fluctuation in staff planning and small annual adjustments in PROP range forecasting. Also, using PROP ranges results in increasing PES project hurdles at low oil prices and lower PES hurdles at high oil prices. Hence, at low oil prices the risk averseness of the company is increased. Another effect of using PROP ranges is that at high oil prices robustness of projects to low oil prices is included in the assessment.

To investigate the effect of PROP ranges on portfolio PES hurdles and project PES hurdles, a simplified linear-fit-model was developed. The results of the model showed that the project PES hurdles in a Value at Risk assessment can be determined applying the linear-fit-model to quantify the oil price dependency. The required individual project PES hurdles can be adjusted using the linear-fit-model to account for oil price uncertainty.
Identification of Fault Systems and Characterization of Structural Model: A Case Study from the Cretaceous Reservoir in the Giant Oil Field, Southern of Iraq
Authors: Al-Ali Ali , Shams Asghar , Stephen Karl
Published: April 2019

The objective of this work is to characterize the fault system and its impact on Mishrif reservoir capacity in the West Quran oil field. Determination and modelling of these faults are crucial to evaluate and understanding fluid flow of both oil and water injection in terms of distribution and the movement. In addition to define the structure away from the well control and understanding the evolution of West Qurna arch over geologic time.

In order to achieve the aim of the work and the structural analysis, a step wise approach was undertaken. Primarily, intensive seismic interpretation and building of structure maps were carried out across the high resolution of 3D-seismic survey with focusing on the main producing Mishrif reservoir of the field. Also, seismic attributes volumes provided a good information about the distribution and geometry of faults in Mishrif reservoir. The next step, it constructs 3-D fault model which will be later merged into the developed 3D geological model. West Qurna/1 oil field situated within the Zubair Subzone, and it is structurally a part of large anticline towards the north. The observation of seismically derived faults near Mishrif reservoir indicated en-echelon faults which refer to strike-slip tectonics along with extensional faults. The statistic of Mishrif interval faulting indicates a big number faults striking north-south along western wedge of anticline. The seismic interpretation, in combination with seismic attributes volumes, deliver a valuable structural framework which in turns used to build a better geological model.

In this paper, the work demonstrates a better understanding for the perspectives on the seismic characterization of the structural framework in the Mishrif reservoir, and also for similar heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. Further, this work will ultimately lead to improve reservoir management practises in terms of production performance and water flooding plan.
Fracture Barrier Identification in Unconventional Formation Introducing a New Fracture Barrier Index from Conventional Logs: Vaca Muerta Case
Authors: Casala Santiago , Palacios Jinna , Vielma Jose
Published: April 2019

The initial high cost of exploitation of the sustained, increasingly growing development of unconventional resources in Argentina has resulted in concentrating all efforts to increase well productivity while reducing construction and completion costs. The optimization of hydraulic fracture (HF) treatments is vitally important. It is the primary strategy used to achieve an optimal reservoir drainage area, consequently characterizing the fracture geometry, including the height, for the continuous improvement of HF treatment and planning.

Several types of technologies and methodologies are used to estimate fracture height during and after a hydraulic stimulation treatment. These technologies can provide information about the fracture geometry and extension in the near-wellbore (NWB) and far-field areas. The determination of a reliable correlation between those methodologies represents a challenge as a result of formation complexity, heterogeneity, and limitations of evaluation technologies. It is well-known that some areas in the Vaca Muerta formation contain layers that can act as fracture barriers and are responsible for fracture containment.

This paper presents a fast and simple methodology that uses conventional well logs [gamma ray (GR), sonic, and density] from pilot wells to identify potential fracture barriers. This approach establishes a means to evaluate the degree to which the rock will have the ability to control fracture height growth. This methodology was determined useful for planning perforation intervals or clusters placement, particularly in those formations with stress profile showing reduced stress contrast and, when complemented with geological information, this method also provides useful information for horizontal well trajectory. Case studies are provided to illustrate examples of the proposed fracture barrier index (FBI) being calibrated or compared to other fracture height assessment. Additionally, the benefits of adding this new approach to current methodologies and technologies to aid completion design optimization and decision making is discussed.
Horizontal Infill Well with AICDs Improves Production in Mature Field - A Case Study
Authors: Giden Ilhami , Nirtl Michael , Maier Hans Thomas , Mohd Ismail Ismarullizam
Published: April 2019

The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of three horizontal infill wells in a mature field, of which one is completed with autonomous inflow control devices (AICDs). The analytic results are based on the comparison of oil production rates; water cut development and water-oil ratio plots of the wells. All the wells in this study are producing from the same homogeneous sandstone reservoir.

Two of the horizontal infill wells are targeting attic oil in an area with low risk of gas production of which one of these wells is completed with slotted liners and the other with AICDs. Both are artificially lifted with high rate electrical submersible pumps (ESPs). The third horizontal well was placed in an area with higher gas saturation, where a completion with casing, cementation and perforation was used. The performance of the horizontal wells is compared against each other.

The use of active geo-steering successfully supported the well placement into the "sweet spot" of the reservoir due to real-time well path adjustments.

It was found that the AICDs choke back a high amount of fluid and keep the water cut at a stable plateau level. This observation underlines the key benefit of using AICDs as when comparing to the other producing wells without AICDs, the water cut is steadily increasing.

Therefore the use of AICDs is a real option for horizontal well completion.

This paper will be useful to those who are in a phase of early well planning, e.g. in a field (re-)development project and have to select the best well concept (e.g. slotted liner vs. AICDs). AICDs have proven their value even in a super-mature oil field by improving production. Further advantages and challenges during operation are discussed in this paper.
Foam Assisted Gas Lift: The Impact of Different Surfactant Delivery Methods on Oil Well Performance
Authors: Martins Ana , Marino Marco , Kerem Murat , Guzman Manuel
Published: April 2019

This paper presents the first comparison between two different injection methods for foam assisted gas lift. Useful information for operators and technology developers are also provided concerning chemical selection, testing, and deployment of this hybrid artificial lift technology in the field.

The trials have been conducted in a gas lifted oil well with severe slugging and water cut above 50% (selection criteria as per SPE-184217-MS). The surfactant was delivered through a dedicated capillary injection string during the first trial, and the effects of surfactant concentration and depth of injection were evaluated. During the second trial, the surfactant was injected into the gas lift stream at the surface. Different surfactants were utilised for both trials based on stability concerns and method of injection.

Both trialled injection methods successfully stabilized the well flow, terminating severe slugging while increasing the drawdown and delivering an increase in gross production of circa 200%. These results, together with the downhole pressure data collected during the first trial, confirm that the surfactant starts foaming only at the depth where the lift gas enters the tubing. Injecting surfactant into the lift gas stream required higher concentrations than using a dedicated injection string, difference attributable to the slightly different chemistry, but even at those higher concentrations an anti-foamer injection was not required.

Concerning the response time, the well responded in 30 to 60 minutes with capillary string injection, while 6 to 12 hours were required for injection into the lift gas stream. This suggests that the surfactant probably moves slowly down on the annulus walls as a liquid film rather than travelling in droplets dispersed in the gas phase. Based on the outcome of the two trials, it is concluded that the injection via the lift gas stream is as effective as capillary string injection, at a fraction of the initial costs, with lower maintenance requirements, while still allowing access to the well.
Application of Probabilistic and Deterministic Methods for Consistent Reserves and Resources Estimation and Reporting
Authors: Coll Carolina
Published: April 2019

Probabilistic and deterministic methods for reserves and resources evaluation are commonly used in isolation and often considered mutually exclusive. Subsurface uncertainties are critical factors impacting projects and reserves/resources especially in projects/areas where large sums of capital investment are required. Probabilistic methods allow a rigorous use of information on the ranges of uncertainty on key reservoir parameters like porosity, water saturation, permeability aquifer size for reserves estimation. A key output of probabilistic methods is the confidence levels associated with the reserves. Deterministic methods cannot provide confidence levels associated with reserves and resources assessments reason why its successful application is often relaying on the expert knowledge of the evaluator and the strict use of reserves or resources definitions. Technological advances in computing in the last decades have played a key role in advancing computationally intensive probabilistic methodologies including artificial intelligence. These advances have allowed integrated teams to perform studies using sophisticated workflows in feasible timeframes.

In this paper a detailed analysis of the different probabilistic methods is presented with a review of the level of regulatory compliance with the SEC1 and other industry guidelines like SPE PRMS2 that each of the different methods have. A group of workflows using a combination of these methods is also analysed.
Formation Induced Well Deformation
Authors: Skomedal Eiliv , Park Joonsang , Huynh Dat Vu , Choi Jung Chan
Published: April 2019

There are a lot of reports of formation induced damage of wells world-wide. Despite extensive literature on the subject, formation induced damage is not a standardized part of well design. One reason may be that the associated fundamental mechanism is not yet fully understood, which makes it difficult to implement in design rules. As a step towards practical design, this paper aims at improving the understanding of characteristic mechanisms of well formation interaction by analytical solutions to two simple cases. The first case considered is a vertical well in a compacting reservoir and is solved by elasticity theory. An elastic length parameter is derived, which is function of the axial stiffness of well and shear stiffness of formation. The well is then shown to follow the deformation of the compacting reservoir, with exception of a transient zone around the boundary to the overburden. The elastic length determines the size of this transient zone. Through the transient zone, the axial force reduces towards zero in the overburden. A learning is that in many cases it is sufficient to instrument the well casing or liner to measure reservoir compaction. The result also supports the finding that the high number of well damage in the deep overburden is due to another mechanism: shear deformation or slip of a weak plane crossing the well. This second case is also studied analytically yet based on plasticity theory. Input parameters to this model are shear and moment capacity of the well, shear strength of the formation and a load displacement characteristic of the formation. A general finding is that during such slip, the well is normally not able to resist, and it fails by exceeding the moment capacity at a distance from the shear plane.

The final and third case studied is ovalization of the cross section of a horizontal well due to pressure from the formation. This is a phenomenon occurring in salt and weak shale. It is a more complex interaction problem and a numerical simulation by finite element is used to solve it. A workflow is developed for an uncemented part of a horizontal well in a shale formation. Input parameters are in-situ stress, pore pressure and stiffness and strength of well and formation. Since the vertical stress is larger than the horizontal, the shear mobilization is largest to the side of the casing and shear failure starts there, initiating plastic deformation until contact and start of ovalization by reducing the lateral diameter of the well. By reduction of the mud pressure in the outer annulus, the contact area grows. Finally, the structural capacity of an ovalized casing with full formation contact is calculated. The formation is found to have some supporting effect and the resulting capacity is higher than the capacity of an ovalized casing without formation support.
Orientation Criteria of Fracture Initiation in Poroelastic Media: Application in Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Michael Andreas , Gupta Ipsita
Published: April 2019

Analytically-developed criteria are presented for the orientation of fracture initiation from horizontal wellbores drilled in porous-permeable (poroelastic) media, considering fluid infiltration. This involves drilling-induced tensile fractures (DITFs) from non-perforated wellbores and completion-induced hydraulic fractures (CIHFs) from perforated wellbores with cylindrical perforation geometry. Transverse CIHF initiation only occurs over a narrow wellbore pressure-at-breakdown window, while longitudinal initiation occurs at comparatively higher wellbore pressures. Nevertheless, transverse CIHF initiation occurs more frequently than transverse DITFs, because of the presence of perforation tunnels, which aid transverse fracture initiation.

Unlike for DITFs, the complex geometry of a perforated wellbore does not allow derivation of expressions for the exact solutions of the stresses inducing longitudinal and transverse fracture initiation. Thus, approximations implemented in the past for perforated wells in linearly-elastic media are extended to poroelastic media, deriving closed-form analytical solutions for the fracturing stresses to develop an orientation criterion for fracture initiation from perforated wellbores. This is useful for completion engineers; when targeting low permeability formations, wellbores must be made to induce multiple transverse fractures, as opposed to longitudinal fractures, which are more effective in higher permeability formations.

The region of the in-situ stress states where transverse initiation is promoted is shown in dimensionless plots for perforated and non-perforated wellbores. Graphical solutions of the resulting criteria are presented showing how various parameters affect the range of in-situ stress states in which transverse initiation is promoted; a rarity compared to longitudinal fracture initiation in the case of DITFs, unlike for CIHF where transverse initiation occurs more frequently. The criteria are finally implemented to seven prolific shale plays; Barnett, Bakken, Fayetteville, Haynesville, Niobrara, Marcellus and Vaca Muerta assessing the conditions under which transverse CIHF initiation occurs.
Characterization of Multiple Transverse Fracture Wells Using the Asymptotic Approximation of the Diffusivity Equation
Authors: Malone Andrew , King Michael J. , Wang Zhenzhen
Published: April 2019

Rate transient analysis using log-log plots of rate-normalized pressure (RNP) and its derivative (RNP') versus material balance time have proven helpful in providing estimates of shale matrix permeability and SRV drainage volumes in multiple transverse fracture wells (MTFW's) (Samandarli et al. 2012). The calculation of these properties requires the accurate detection and definition of the "end of linear flow" (telf) – the time at which hydraulic fractures begin to draw down upon their neighbors, causing the onset of what Song and Ehlig-Economides (2011) have described as "pseudo pseudo steady state" flow. The definition of telf is currently ambiguous, and in this study, we quantify and clarify the numerical definition of telf and the physical mechanisms behind its use as a permeability and drainage volume estimator.

We have constructed an analytical model of MTFW's that accurately predicts individual fracture flow performance for both constant and variable rate and constant bottom hole pressure inner boundary conditions. Using this model, we can accurately compute the pressure disturbance and rate change seen at the whole well and for individual fractures to quantify the degree of interference between fractures for any number of parallel, equally-spaced, and equally-sized fractures. This model has been validated by simulation using a commercial simulator. With both this analytical model and a series of numerical simulations, we investigated the fundamental mechanisms of flow in MTFW's and how the estimation of telf may be improved.

Previous authors have represented the progression of flow regimes in MTFW's as a linear flow period that transitions to a pseudo steady state (or apparently boundary-dominated) flow regime. We show that the same flow response is exhibited by a fully-infinite linear system, calling into question the nature of the "stimulated reservoir volume" (SRV) as a bounded reservoir system. In addition, we show telf can be detected and interpreted as the beginning of the onset of this fracture interference using the "limit of detectability" concept.