bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Tides of Change: Analyzing Indonesia's Employment and Unemployment Dynamics from 2011 to 2023
Authors: Mulya Nico Pranata
Published: August 2024

Indonesia's labor market has experienced significant shifts and challenges between 2011 and 2023, with the country navigating through global economic crises, technological advancements, and the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the employment and unemployment dynamics in Indonesia during this period, utilizing data from BPS statistical records. The research employs descriptive statistical analysis, time trend analysis, correlation analysis, and comparative analysis to examine the main trends in the workforce, identify key factors influencing labor dynamics, and assess the impact of various economic and social factors on the unemployment rate and working population. The findings reveal that Indonesia's employment rate has shown an overall upward trend, despite fluctuations, while the unemployment rate has generally declined, with the exception of the sharp increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study highlights the importance of economic growth, institutional policies, structural transformation, and educational attainment in shaping Indonesia's labor market. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex employment dynamics in Indonesia and provide valuable insights for policymakers in developing agile and responsive strategies to foster inclusive growth, create better jobs, and enhance labor market resilience. The study concludes that comprehensive and adaptable policies are crucial in addressing the evolving challenges and opportunities in Indonesia's labor market, ensuring a sustainable and inclusive
Beyond Forgeries: Advancing UTME Security Measures for Transparency and Reliability in Nigeria
Authors: Bernard Ephraim
Published: August 2024

The research critically examines the current security features of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) results in Nigeria, highlighting their vulnerabilities and proposing pragmatic solutions to enhance result authentication. The study emphasizes the importance of robust security measures in maintaining the integrity of the examination system, especially in the face of increasing attempts at result manipulation and forgery. While acknowledging the existing security features, including the candidate’s photo, watermark, and QR code, the research reveals significant weaknesses, such as the absence of advanced security elements and the limited functionality of the QR code verification system. To address these challenges, the study advocates for a comprehensive approach, recommending measures such as exclusive issuance of result slips by the Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB), real-time third-party authentication systems, and accessible lists of top scorers. The proposed solutions aim to streamline the verification process, boost public trust in JAMB’s operations, and generate additional revenue for the examination board. The research underscores the necessity of continuous improvement and adaptation in security measures to ensure the credibility and reliability of UTME results.
ENVELHECIMENTO HUMANO E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NUM PAÍS DE CONTRASTES
Authors: Rocha Damião , Theodorio Daieny
Published: August 2024

A terceira idade, um dos processos do desenvolvimento humano que é caracterizado por diversas mudanças e adaptações, sejam elas físicas, psíquicas ou sociais. Para que a demanda biopsicossocial seja abarcada, faz-se necessário que haja investimentos sobre a questão, de forma que se possa dar contorno e solução às necessidades e demandas surgidas. Nesse sentido, têm-se as Políticas Públicas como alavanca para ampliar os horizontes, mas também para buscar resolver na prática aquilo que carece de intervenção. As Políticas Públicas voltadas ao público idoso passaram a ter relevo após a Constituição Federal de 1988, porém somente no início dos anos 2000 que o assunto passou a ser prioridade nas pautas políticas, com o crescente aumento da população idosa e sua participação social e econômica de maneira efetiva. Com o advento do Estatuto do Idoso, em 2003, a questão do envelhecimento passou a se consolidar, de maneira que serviços passaram a ter mais relevância frente ao novo cenário. O objetivo deste trabalho é dialogar sobre a questão do envelhecimento e Políticas Públicas oriundas da necessidade de atenção à esse público, por décadas negligenciado. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, de abordagem descritiva e caráter exploratório, tendo como bojo as Políticas Públicas voltadas ao público idoso e seus impactos à essa parcela da sociedade. Como conclusão, nota-se que construção de um trabalho como este, permite ao pesquisador a ampliação de horizontes frente ao cenário que se desenha sobre as Políticas Públicas voltadas ao público idoso. Trata-se de uma importante referência para a produção do saber, visto que é inegável que existam Leis, Portarias e Decretos que definem a forma como deve ser tratada essa parcela da população, considerando as condições de desenvolvimento biológico, representação social, autonomia para atividades de vida diária, bem como os recursos de previdência social.
Isonomia e desenvolvimento sustentável no procedimento licitatório
Authors: Fontenelle Bruno
Published: August 2024

The present work aims to analyze the duality between two public interests found in the context of public procurement: equality (which seeks to enhance the competitive nature of the procurement process in favor of selecting the lowest price) and sustainable development (which aims to establish measures that can safeguard the environment for current and future generations, for example) and their need for balance during the procurement process. Thus, the first step is to examine the doctrinal understanding of public interest, its historical implications, and the problems encountered in the conception of the Democratic Rule of Law. Subsequently, there will be a discussion about how to weigh different public interests in the context of the administrative process, based on the understanding of administrative law as a system, as proposed by Eberhard Schmidt-Assmann and Eurico Bittencourt Neto. Therefore, it is proposed to analyze how Brazilian administrative doctrine conceptualizes "equality" and "sustainable development" in the context of public procurement, as well as the various facets of sustainability. Finally, administrative doctrine understands that the very concept of equality should encompass sustainable parameters in shaping the best proposal. Thus, it is necessary for various government agencies to work together through a proper administrative process with the purpose of better aligning these two interests. This balancing should be proportionate and rationally justified, always focusing on the importance of the generated utility.
Identidade democrática e constitucionalismo
Authors: Freire Marcos Egg
Published: August 2024

This article aims to examine the relationship between the evolution of constitutionalism in Brazil, with the definition and expansion of the limits imposed on constitutional amendments in national constitutions, and the construction of Brazilian democratic identity. To this end, the analytical method is adopted, through critical research on doctrinal, legislative and judicial decisions. The conclusion is that there is a direct relationship between the construction of Brazilian democratic identity and the evolution of constitutionalism in Brazil, from the perspective of the limits imposed on constitutional amendments, especially when it is observed that non-democratic Brazilian Constitutions do not prescribe any circumstantial or material limits to the exercise of the power to reform the constitutional text, while democratic Constitutions do so, setting and expanding such limits, which are expanded in the Citizen Constitution, to praise the ideal of democracy.
A reprodução assistida post mortem e o direito sucessório do filho concebido postumamente
Authors: Rufato Marina Guimarães , Siqueira Flávia Silveira
Published: August 2024

Currently, Posthumous assisted reproduction (PAR) is one of the possible tools for implementing free family planning. Nevertheless, Brazilian law has not yet regulated the consequences of this practice, making the succession rights of a child conceived after the death of their parent uncertain. In this regard, the objective of this work is to demonstrate that, based on the principle of equality among children, a child conceived post-mortem has a legitimate inheritance claim and to advocate for the possibility of establishing a timeframe for their conception. The research is of a juridical-dogmatic nature, conducted based on data from legal doctrine, jurisprudence, current legislation, and bills. It is concluded that a child conceived through PMAR is among the mandatory heirs and can claim their share through an inheritance petition. However, it is necessary to establish a timeframe for conception in order to ensure the security of the coheirs.
crítica marxiana da especulação e as relações históricas originárias em "Feuerbach e história"
Authors: Heleno Matheus Correa de Sousa
Published: August 2024

Este trabalho pretende expor a crítica marxiana da especulação em um excerto d’A ideologia alemã (1845-46) intitulado Feuerbach e história, especialmente quando tal manifestação idealista procura sustentar a oposição entre natureza e história. Para tanto, valer-se-á da abordagem que J. Chasin chamou de crítica imanente, ou seja, da apreensão dos textos analisados como entificações concretas, com nexos e significados próprios, a partir de suas gênese, estrutura e função social. Em meio ao itinerário descrito, o próprio objeto tornará necessário o exame daquilo que Marx nomeou relações históricas originárias, propostas por ele como pressupostos inalienáveis para qualquer análise histórica. Assim, aproveitar-se-á esse vínculo entre crítica marxiana da especulação e relações históricas originárias para discutir a concepção materialista de história e o seu fundamento: os homens reais, inseridos em e atuando sobre um estado de coisas também real.
Palavras-chave: Marx; Crítica da especulação; Materialismo; Relação natureza-história.
Tinjauan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Terhadap Kenaikan Harga Beras di Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Muhammad Masruron  , Matlaul Ipan
Published: August 2024

Indonesia is experiencing an increase in rice prices nationally, especially in West Nusa Tenggara. The NTB Province Central Statistics Agency (BPS) stated that the increase in rice prices in NTB in September 2023 will reach 46 percent. This increase was due to the impact of the long dry season or El Nino. This quite high increase in rice prices caused inflation in NTB. This research aims to determine the practice of increasing rice prices in the people of Nusa Tenggara Bara. The type of approach used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection in this research method uses observation and documentation methods. The research results show that West Nusa Tenggara is experiencing a rice surplus. Still, the reality is different from the real conditions, namely price increases in the region, so there needs to be serious monitoring, including from a policy perspective, especially restrictions on outbound rice distribution. Because what takes priority first is the needs of the local community which must be met. The increase in rice was caused by national prices not being the same as regional conditions, which caused price increases. In a market mechanism, the demand and supply sides must be balanced. Islam provides the view that the interests of the ummah are more important than other needs.
COVID-19 Vaccination and the Ethics of Global Health
Authors: Yu Luxi (Lucy)
Published: August 2024

The development of COVID-19 vaccines in the face of the global pandemic has been an unprecedentedly quick process, resulting in the release of a number of new vaccines in under a year. However, the global distribution of such vaccines faces major roadblocks, especially concerning questions of equity. This paper investigates governance and procedural processes for conducting human trials and developing vaccines, with a US-centric focus; it compares different COVID-19 vaccine candidates and their attributes, and it examines challenges around COVID-19 vaccination roll-out from a global justice perspective. The paper discusses current initiatives for global distribution, such as COVAX, as well as the need for improvements further down the road. This review paper includes personal observations regarding the challenges of COVID-19 vaccination, focusing on questions of ethics and global justice. Not only do some vaccine characteristics limit global distribution (e.g. low storage temperatures), but issues such as wealth inequality and vaccine availability also present additional challenges. As seen in the 2020 pandemic, wealthy countries largely take an individualistic approach towards vaccination, thus limiting access to inoculation for underdeveloped and less wealthy countries. Although there has been significant progress in vaccine development since the beginning of the pandemic, there is still much work to be done to ensure effective roll-out in a way that promotes global justice to help boost global immunity and protect populations from the devastating effects of this virus.
AI Fencing Recommender using Cloud Technology and IoT
Authors: Dey Ghosh Nilansh , Zeng Oliver , Xiao Tony
Published: August 2024

The purpose of our project is to use artificial intelligence to provide feedback to a fencer through a video upload. Our project will use an artificial intelligence program capable of analyzing fencers through deep learning. We will specifically be examining Sabre. The general skeleton of our system relies on using motion capture technology to input data into our AI and applying deep learning technology to analyze successful moves and those that are less successful. IoTs have already been developed that allows for whole-body motion capture, and we hope to use something similar to conduct our motion capturing. We also hope to incorporate data from a variety of sources such as youtube videos and fencing clips taken by fencers, so we will create fencer skeletons and extract motion data from such sources. We will categorize moves as strong or weak against certain people by examining the effectiveness over a certain amount of touches, and other factors such as how difficult the move itself is to do. Our theoretical program will be capable of suggesting to an athlete the most optimal moves that he/she should take to win against a certain opponent.
Pharmaceutical Market Failure, Subsequent Policy, and its Obstacles in China
Authors: Liu Yaning (Walter)
Published: August 2024

There is a perception today among many Chinese people that domestically produced drugs are inferior in quality to foreign ones, which is partly true considering that China is not researching and developing its own medicine at a high enough rate. The economic issue of the pharmaceutical market in China is that foreign drugs require high-cost and out-of-pocket payment because the medical insurance from the government only pays for domestic medicine, which doesn’t cover certain diseases due to issues such as a slow drug approval period and low R&D investment. In order to deal with this problem, in October of 2017, the Chinese government implemented a policy that allowed importing of foreign medication and medical tools that are urgently needed by Chinese people through an easier procedure. However, this policy is hard to implement since it disadvantages domestic pharmaceutical producers and regulatory authorities, generating voices of opposition. Considering the obstacles, this paper argues that the optimal policy is to reimburse the cost of more foreign drugs until the quality of Chinese drugs improves through R&D. The money for R&D will come from government tax breaks, especially for private companies, which constitute 70% of the industry. In order to make up for the money lost in tax breaks, the government should spend less in other sectors, considering the importance of healthcare to citizens. With a larger healthcare budget, more money can be invested in state-owned pharmaceutical companies in China, who are also responsible for producing domestic medicine.
What makes the Colonna Altarpiece a Great Painting?
Authors: Luo Vincent
Published: August 2024

In his painting the Colonna Altarpiece, Raphael took various approaches, like realism, linear perspective, balance and symmetry and merged them together to create this dynamic piece. Patient examination reveals some of the most unique aspects of this piece. Is the blue in the heavenly scene above the same as the blue of the earthly scene below? Can a painting have symmetry when the colors are different on the two sides? Aside from his use of perspective, how does Raphael use light and shade to make the figures appear three dimensional? What effect is achieved when the Christ Child coincides with the vanishing point of the perspectival construction? What is the significance of the fact that baby Jesus is holding a loop-like gathering of cloth in the center of the main panel? Asking basic questions such as these makes it possible to appreciate many of the fascinating features of this painting. The various features all appear to play different roles, yet they come together to create a powerful picture.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Among Athletes
Authors: He Elaine
Published: August 2024

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the repetitive occurrence of mild Traumatic Brain Injuries (mTBI), commonly known as concussions, which remains a public health issue found most prevalent in high contact sports, specifically, American football. Typically, the severity of CTE is classified with McKee’s staging scheme, which is mainly based on the degeneration and accumulation of p-tau neurofibrillary tangles in different parts of the brain. This refers to the unwound and clumped together tau proteins that are highly associated with CTE. The severity of the symptoms of stage I-IV can range from light headaches to a severe loss in motor and neural function. The underlying mechanisms and definitive biomarkers of CTE are still under debate, therefore, it cannot be diagnosed in vivo. Furthermore, external factors such as gender, age, and genetics (the presence of the ApoE4 allele) can affect both the severity and an individual’s sensitivity to head trauma. However, interest in this topic has only recently begun to grow exponentially, and knowledge of CTE is still relatively preliminary. It has been shown to have overlapping biomarkers and symptoms with other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkison’s disease. Treatment of this issue so far has solely been preventative, as the development of medical therapies cannot proceed until CET can be diagnosed in vivo. The implication of education and stricter rules protecting athletes have been at the forefront of these measures.
A Detailed Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment for Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Sriram Diksha
Published: August 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious mental illness consisting of at least one discrete depressive episode in which patients may feel sad, irritable, or empty, lose interest and pleasure in activities, have poor concentration, and/or feel excessive guilt, or low self-worth. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 12.8% of the US adolescent population (12-17 years old) was diagnosed with at least one depressive episode in 2016, with suicide being the 2nd leading cause of death for adolescents. Currently, it is advised to prescribe Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) medication to moderate to severe cases of adolescent depression after psychological methods have been applied. However, people concern about the safety and efficacy of SSRIs, leading to a drop in antidepressant prescriptions and sales for adolescents. This literature review discusses the functionality of SSRI medication and assesses its benefits and adverse effects. SSRIs increase serotonin levels at synapses, hence easing depressive symptoms caused by the deficiency of serotonin. On the other hand, SSRIs can negatively affect learning, memory, and cognitive function. The review also investigates the effectiveness of the combination of SSRI treatment with other forms of treatment.
The Neurological Mechanisms and Possible Treatments of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhang Jason
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases that accounts for sixty to seventy percent of all causes of dementia. Though Alzheimer’s disease was discovered more than 116 years ago, the disease still lacks effective treatment. This paper presents the history of Alzheimer’s disease since 1907 when it was first discovered. As a literature review, the paper explores a wide range of studies conducted by global researchers. The major focus of this paper is to illustrate the specific neurological mechanisms of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease by looking into the two predominant theories: Amyloid Beta Plaques and Neurofibrillary Tangles. This paper compares and contrasts the two theories and discusses possible directions that could be considered in future studies. Most neuroscientists have focused on the amyloid-beta plaques theory. However, they have failed to conquer the disease by only targeting amyloidbeta plaques. Future research should shift its focus towards TAU tangle theory. This paper also illustrates the potential impact and changes Alzheimer’s disease could have on the brain from a neurological perspective. Besides the pathology of the disease, this paper also reviews possible treatments and ways to prevent Alzheimer’s disease in a variety of areas including lifestyle, diet, hormones, and FDA-permitted medicines.
Suicidal Thoughts Detection from Social Media Using AI
Authors: Biswas Rishav
Published: August 2024

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Early detection and prevention of suicide attempts should be addressed to save lives. Nowadays, people on social media are posting posts that include suicidal thoughts. To detect this kind of post, the author has used an AI model, which can do this by analyzing text. This study is about how the model works and the results of testing the model. The study will cover every aspect of the model. The study also includes an explanation of GloVe, which is used for word embedding. The author has also discussed the weaknesses of the model. There are some pre-existing models for suicidal thoughts detection, but their accuracies are not as high as this model. This model can detect suicidal thoughts with a recall of 0.93 (93 percent) and a precision of 0.94 (94 percent). The author thanks Dr Ganesh Mani, an instructor at Carnegie Mellon University (and editorial board member recused from the review of this paper), and Alfred Renaud for helping him to complete this research project.
Challenging Logical Monism
Authors: Mukherjee Aurna
Published: August 2024

Logic is loosely regarded as a key factor that drives our decisions. However, logic is actually separated into different systems, such as intuitionistic logic and classical logic. These systems can be explained by different theories, such as logical monism and logical pluralism. This paper aims to challenge logical monism, which posits that only a single logical system adheres to the principles of validity. It explains this on the basis of different systems held as equally strong in terms of their ability to establish definitive conclusions, and adhere to systems of validity relative to each system.
The Effect of Music Training in Young Children
Authors: Foo Carolyn
Published: August 2024

Music training, the active participation in learning music, can lead to changes in the brain’s structure also known as brain plasticity. The impact of experiences that cause brain plasticity is especially strong during a child’s developmental period. These changes in the brain due to music training can impact domains outside of music itself, suggesting a possible impact on a child’s cognitive development. This literature review intends to determine whether there is evidence to support the idea that music training improves cognitive development. Through different literature, the effects of music training on the brain are shown from a measure of brain plasticity and near and far transfer effects. However, studies on this relationship do not consider external factors such as socioeconomic status, genetic predisposition, and reward value, that can impact the effect of music training in children. The findings reveal a possible positive correlation between music training in young children and improvement in cognitive development, but a causation relationship cannot be determined.
A Review of Inducing Chromosomal Instability in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Hu Isabella
Published: August 2024

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is one of the enabling hallmarks of cancer. There are a multitude of targets for CIN including but not limited to: spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), anaphase-promoting complex (APC), and mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) genes. In this review we will be focusing on CIN-inducing therapies. Some of the enduring problems faced with cancer are metastatic tumor growth and resistance to gold-standard treatments such as chemotherapy. CIN-inducing therapy reduces tumor adaptability by triggering apoptosis of tumor cells with high levels of CIN, halting tumor growth, and increasing the efficacy of other chemotherapies and radiation treatments. One of the most common strategies was inhibition of Mps1, a gene important for the MCC and responsible for maintaining accurate chromosome segregation. Inhibition of this gene led to mitotic catastrophe, chromosome missegregation, aneuploidy, and ultimately cell death. Synthetic lethality was another strategy commonly used for CIN, where two mutations were utilized to induce lethal CIN. Cancer cells with specific mutations in genes such as Polo-kinase 1 and BRCA1/2 ultimately undergo apoptosis. Thus, chromosomal instability is a viable therapeutic target both for improving current treatments and for development as treatment on its own.
Music Education in the Development of Empathy in Adolescence
Authors: Mass Annabelle
Published: August 2024

Empathy, crucial for human relationships, undergoes significant development during adolescence. Empathy versus sympathy is an important distinction because empathy requires someone to feel another person’s emotions. This literature review discusses music education for adolescents to develop cognitive empathy. Through the synthesis of studies from trusted databases and academic sources, evidence shows a strong correlation between music education and the development of cognitive empathy, including taking music classes in a group setting and private music lessons. There can be limitations for adolescents to access music education based on economic reasons or if the school offers music education, but music education has many benefits. Music education emerges as a potent tool for fostering empathetic skills in adolescents, suggesting a need for its broader integration into educational curricula.
A Frontier in EBV Vaccine Research: mRNA-Based Immunization with gp350, gp42, and gL Glycoproteins
Authors: Xi Hailey
Published: August 2024

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an extremely common herpesvirus that affects 95% of the adult population, has been implicated in various medical conditions, including infectious mononucleosis, cancers, and autoimmune diseases, yet there is no working vaccine approved for it. Demonstrated by their success in combatting SARS-CoV-2, which became a pandemic-level health-threat in 2020, Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines offer a streamlined process that could expedite the development of an EBV vaccine. After providing an overview of mRNA vaccines and their applications, this paper discusses candidate EBV glycoproteins gp350, gp42, and gL for the development of a vaccine, selected based on the criteria of protein abundance, functional importance, stage of EBV infection, presence on the viral envelope, and role in immune evasion. The engineering process for these candidate mRNA vaccines involved the insertion of signal sequences, transmembrane domains, 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions, and poly (A) tails to ensure protein expression and localization. Potential next steps and their merits are discussed regarding mRNA synthesis. Immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ELISA) are suggested to visualize protein expression, confirm localization, and quantify protein levels, respectively. Subsequent steps and their obstacles are discussed, including in vitro testing on human cell lines, animal models, and human trials. This paper explores three candidate vaccines with the potential to reduce the prevalence of the elusive pathogen EBV and its associated diseases. Its findings lay the groundwork for developing mRNA vaccines targeting EBV-associated diseases, offering a promising avenue for research in the fields of preventive medicine and immunology.
Reactions to Skepticism
Authors: de Belloy Charles
Published: August 2024

In modern continental philosophy, nihilism has taken place as an important train of thought, both as a consequence of Christian European society and as a novel skeptic argument. It calls for the total removal of current society because humanity has now metaphorically taken the place of God and thus should create its own values and structure. The replacement of God can be attributed to skepticism, which refutes the possibility of certain knowledge. This paper compares two opposite reactions to skepticism: nihilism and pragmatic skepticism. It explores the societal and individual implications of the fulfillment of both views, contrasting the potential danger of radical change with that of conformity. The modern trend of perfectionism and how it influences these philosophies is also explored. Inalienable rights are discussed and their legitimacy or implementation is put into question. Hedonistic consequences and their effect on rational thought are also mentioned to analyze the potential shortcomings of any skeptical view. The structure of society, values, and their evolution raises questions about their validity, origins, and use.
Preparedness for Pandemics with Vaccines and Other Means
Authors: Zhao Yilin
Published: August 2024

Pandemics of new and reemerging infectious diseases are inevitable and predictable. The world must learn from its past mistakes and prepare in advance for the next pandemic. To prepare for the next pandemic, we must determine which factors exacerbated the pandemic in 2019 and learn from experience. COVID-19 is an RNA virus, meaning it can easily evolve and produce new variants. Scientists and researchers discovered that people are capable of disseminating the virus throughout the world despite exhibiting no symptoms of having the virus. The general public was aware of the symptoms that those with the disease experienced, and medical professionals were developing and locating effective treatments. To save lives, encouraging vaccinations among the general population is vital. Pandemics, though predictable themselves, present governments, hospitals, and other medical facilities in all nations with an unpredictable period of intense mitigation attempts. The next battle against a global pandemic will only be won by global cooperation using science-based policies and approaches.
Application of Machine Learning to Detect Bank Note Fraud
Authors: Ting Allen
Published: August 2024

We will discuss how to detect whether a bank note is genuine or counterfeit using machine learning. We first will explain the basic concepts and mathematics behind machine learning. Then, using the binary cross-entropy model and logistic regression, we differentiated between real and counterfeit banknotes from a dataset of banknote dimensions.The results showed that the diagonal length was the most important dimension when classifying the bills, with an error of 0.1546 and accuracy of 0.98, and that inputting the length of the bottom margin and diagonal trained the model to have an error rate under 10%.
Impact of Classical Mythology on the Modern Science
Authors: Zeng Ziwei
Published: August 2024

The popularity of Classical mythology has gradually increased in contemporary society. The narrative revolving around classical mythology can be seen as unrealistic fancy flights used by the ancient Greeks, but it has greatly impacted modern science. It is evident that classical myths do not originate from experimental results and thus are not actual realities but have successfully shaped contemporary scientific skills and knowledge. Classical mythology, comprising the captivating stories of heroes and gods, not only entertains but also has left a long-lasting impact on understanding and applying scientific knowledge. The information and knowledge from Classical mythology have subtly influenced modern science. It has shaped most scientific discoveries and even formed the basis of the principles used to define scientific concepts. The research paper examines the impact of classical mythology on modern science by exploring the effect on the universe’s origin, weather and natural phenomena, healing and medicine, navigation and astronomy, communication and language, modern hydrology, and analogies and metaphors.
Passive accumulation of alkaloids in inconspicuously colored frogs refines the evolutionary paradigm of acquired chemical defenses
Authors: Tarvin Rebecca D , Coleman Jeffrey L , Donoso David A , Betancourth-Cundar Mileidy , López-Hervas Karem , Gleason Kimberly S , Sanders J Ryan , Smith Jacqueline M , Ron Santiago R , Santos Juan C , Sedio Brian E , Cannatella David C , Fitch Richard W
Published: August 2024

Understanding the origins of novel, complex phenotypes is a major goal in evolutionary biology. Poison frogs of the family Dendrobatidae have evolved the novel ability to acquire alkaloids from their diet for chemical defense at least three times. However, taxon sampling for alkaloids has been biased towards colorful species, without similar attention paid to inconspicuous ones that are often assumed to be undefended. As a result, our understanding of how chemical defense evolved in this group is incomplete. Here, we provide new data showing that, in contrast to previous studies, species from each undefended poison frog clade have measurable yet low amounts of alkaloids. We confirm that undefended dendrobatids regularly consume mites and ants, which are known sources of alkaloids. Thus, our data suggest that diet is insufficient to explain the defended phenotype. Our data support the existence of a phenotypic intermediate between toxin consumption and sequestration — passive accumulation — that differs from sequestration in that it involves no derived forms of transport and storage mechanisms yet results in low levels of toxin accumulation. We discuss the concept of passive accumulation and its potential role in the origin of chemical defenses in poison frogs and other toxin-sequestering organisms. In light of ideas from pharmacokinetics, we incorporate new and old data from poison frogs into an evolutionary model that could help explain the origins of acquired chemical defenses in animals and provide insight into the molecular processes that govern the fate of ingested toxins.
Deciphering the actin structure-dependent preferential cooperative binding of cofilin
Authors: Ngo Kien Xuan , Vu Huong T , Umeda Kenichi , Trinh Minh-Nhat , Kodera Noriyuki , Uyeda Taro
Published: August 2024

The mechanism underlying the preferential and cooperative binding of cofilin and the expansion of clusters toward the pointed-end side of actin filaments remains poorly understood. To address this, we conducted a principal component analysis based on available filamentous actin (F-actin) and C-actin (cofilins were excluded from cofilactin) structures and compared to monomeric G-actin. The results strongly suggest that C-actin, rather than F-ADP-actin, represented the favourable structure for binding preference of cofilin. High-speed atomic force microscopy explored that the shortened bare half helix adjacent to the cofilin clusters on the pointed end side included fewer actin protomers than normal helices. The mean axial distance (MAD) between two adjacent actin protomers along the same long-pitch strand within shortened bare half helices was longer (5.0–6.3 nm) than the MAD within typical helices (4.3–5.6 nm). The inhibition of torsional motion during helical twisting, achieved through stronger attachment to the lipid membrane, led to more pronounced inhibition of cofilin binding and cluster formation than the presence of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in solution. F-ADP-actin exhibited more naturally supertwisted half helices than F-ADP.Pi-actin, explaining how Pi inhibits cofilin binding to F-actin with variable helical twists. We propose that protomers within the shorter bare helical twists, either influenced by thermal fluctuation or induced allosterically by cofilin clusters, exhibit characteristics of C-actin-like structures with an elongated MAD, leading to preferential and cooperative binding of cofilin.
Tidyverse: colección de paquetes de R para la ciencia de datos
Authors: Lorente-Casalini Olivia , Rodes-Blanco Marina , Aguirre-Iglesias Sofía , Martín-Ávila Jorge A. , San-Segundo Molina Darío , Tijerín-Triviño Julián , Astigarraga Julen
Published: August 2024

El objetivo de esta contribución es introducir el conjunto de paquetes del núcleo de tidyverse, abordando su origen, la filosofía que respalda su creación y sus perspectivas futuras. A través de la comparación de flujos de trabajo entre R base y tidyverse, se muestran diversas formas de realizar una misma acción y a su vez, se aporta material para que los usuarios interesados en profundizar en el mundo de tidyverse puedan hacerlo de manera sencilla.
Legal Implications of Local Government Authority in Granting Permits for the use of Land and Coastal Waters Intended as Tourism Activities
Authors: Carolina  , Astara I Wayan Wesna , Wijaya I Ketut Kasta Arya
Published: August 2024

Aims: This study examines the regulation of authority to use coastal land and waters for tourism purposes in improving community welfare. With the enactment of the Job Creation Law, it affects the existing legal order.
Study Design:  Researching The inconsistency of legal regulations.
Methodology: This research uses normative legal research by using legal materials such as primary, secondary legal materials.
Results: The results of this study found that it was concluded that the regulation of coastal land tenure and coastal area management by communities in Indonesia is regulated in Law Number 27 of 2007 concerning the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands jo. Law Number 1 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 27 of 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands and is inseparable from Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Basic Regulations Agrarian or known as Basic of Law Agrarian. As well as Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation into Law.has caused many inconsistencies and disharmonies with related laws.
Conclusion: There is a shift from decentralization to centralization.  There are inconsistencies and disharmonies with the Job Creation Law with the Law on the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands related to regulated authority.
Haemato-Biochemical Profile and Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Migratory Gaddi Goats of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Jagvir , Wadhwa Des Raj , Sharma Ankur , Sharma Devina , Katoch Ajay , Verma Nishant
Published: August 2024

Gastrointestinal parasitism in goats is a prevalent and significant issue affecting livestock health and productivity in Himachal Pradesh. Goat rearing is a traditional occupation of the nomadic tribes in Himachal Pradesh. Small ruminants especially in hilly areas are often prone to infection with parasites. Sampling was done from migratory goats at selected site for further examination and it revealed that migratory goats in mid-hills around Palampur have high prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasitism (Strongyle, Trichuris and Moniezia Spp.) with mean Egg Per Gram value of 1656±136.40 in 30 goats out of the total 40 included in this study. Flotation method of faecal examination revealed greater incidence of GIT parasitism. There was significant reduction in Total Erythrocyte count, Haemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume and Mean Corpuscular Volume in infected goats as compared to healthy goats. Mean values of calcium, albumin, globulin, magnesium and iron were also found to be significantly decreased in infected group. Considering the high parasitic load during migration, regular deworming of the migratory goats is advised to keep them healthy and in good body condition.
Conclusion: Present study concluded that prevalence of GIT parasitism in migratory flock of goat was high when assessed at mid-hills altitude with various haematological and biochemical parameters below the normal range as compared to healthy animals. Considering the high parasitic load during migration regular deworming of the migratory goats is advised to keep them healthy and in good body condition.
Bio Efficacy of Novel Fungicides against Fusarium solani Inducing Mulberry Root Rot
Authors: Reddy Naveen Chandra , Naika Ramakrishna , M. Mahesh , Devaraja  , Karur Ashish S. , Gulabrao Dukare Pradip
Published: August 2024

Mulberry root rot is most severe disease-causing considerable yield loss, caused by fungal pathogen F. solani, which were managed by the use of effective synthetic chemicals. In this view non-systemic, systemic and combi fungicides evaluated by poison food technique against the root rot pathogen, among the novel fungicides evaluated systemic fungicides tebuconazole 25%EC and propiconozole 25% EC were found significantly superior with cent per cent mean mycelial inhibition. Among non-systemic fungicides copper oxy chloride 50% WP was found significantly superior with 96.66 per cent mycelial inhibition at 1000 ppm concentration. Out of six combi products tested metiram 55%WP + Pyraclostrobin 5% WG was significantly effective with maximum mean mycelial inhibition (82.00 %) followed by carbendazim 12 % + mancozeb 63 % WP with 77.11 per cent mean mycelial inhibition. Among these fungicides tested systemic fungicides tebuconozole 25% EC and propiconozole 25% EC has inhibited cent per cent in all three concentrations. Followed by non-systemic fungicide copper oxy chloride with 96.66 per cent inhibition at 1000 ppm respectively.
Oil‐Based Emulsion Vaccine Adjuvants
Authors: Schijns Virgil E.J.C. , Strioga Marius , Ascarateil Stephane
Published: August 2014

Vaccine adjuvants are critical components in experimental and licensed vaccines used in human and veterinary medicine. When aiming to evoke an immune response to a purified antigen, the administration of antigen alone is often insufficient, unless the antigen contains microbial structures or has a natural particulate structure. In most cases, the rationale to use an adjuvant is obvious to the experimental immunologist or the professional vaccinologist, who is familiar with the nature of the antigen, and the aim of the vaccine to elicit a specific antibody response and/or a specific type of T cell response. In this unit, we describe protocols to formulate antigens with oil‐based emulsions. Such emulsions represent a major prototype adjuvant category that is frequently used in experimental preclinical vaccines, as well as veterinary and human vaccines. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 106:2.18.1‐2.18.7. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Toward homogenization of Mediterranean lagoons and their loss of hydrodiversity
Authors: Ferrarin Christian , Bajo Marco , Bellafiore Debora , Cucco Andrea , De Pascalis Francesca , Ghezzo Michol , Umgiesser Georg
Published: August 2014

Lagoons are considered to be the most valuable systems of the Mediterranean coastal area, with crucial ecological, historical, economical, and social relevance. Climate change strongly affects coastal areas and can deeply change the status of transitional areas like lagoons. Herein we investigate the hydrological response of 10 Mediterranean lagoons to climate change by means of numerical models. Our results suggest that Mediterranean lagoons amplify the salinity and temperature changes expected for the open sea. Moreover, numerical simulations indicate that there will be a general loss of intralagoon and interlagoon variability of their physical properties. Therefore, as a result of climate change, we see on Mediterranean lagoons an example of a common process that in future may effect many coastal environments: that of homogenization of the physical characteristics with a tendency toward marinization.
Overriding plate controls on subduction evolution
Authors: Sharples W. , Jadamec M. A. , Moresi L. N. , Capitanio F. A.
Published: August 2014

Geologic and geophysical observations indicate that the thickness, density, and strength of the lithosphere vary on the Earth. However, the role of the overriding plate lithosphere properties on the evolution and morphology of subduction is not well understood. This paper presents time‐dependent numerical models of subduction that vary the overriding plate thickness, strength, and density and allow for a plate interface that evolves with time via an anisotropic brittle failure rheology. We examine the effect of these parameters on subduction evolution, in particular, the emergence of (a) asymmetric versus symmetric subduction, (b) trench retreat versus advance, (c) subduction zone geometry, (d) slab stagnation versus penetration into the lower mantle, and (e) flat slab subduction. Almost all of the models presented result in sustained asymmetric subduction from initiation. Trench advance occurs in models with a thick and or strong overriding plate. Slab dip, measured at a depth below the plate boundary interface, has a negative correlation with an increase in overriding plate thickness. Overriding plate thickness exerts a first‐order control over slab penetration into the lower mantle, with penetration most commonly occurring in models with a thick overriding plate. Periods of flat slab subduction occur with thick, strong overriding plates producing strong plate boundary interface coupling. The results provide insight into how the overriding plate plays a role in establishing advancing and retreating subduction as well as providing an explanation for the variation of slab geometry across subduction zones on Earth, where similar patterns of evolution are observed.
Thioesterification of Alkylbenzenes with Thiols via Copper‐ Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling without a Directing Group
Authors: Ali Wajid , Guin Srimanta , Rout Saroj Kumar , Gogoi Anupal , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: August 2014

A unique copper‐catalyzed cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of thiols and alkylbenzenes has been developed for the synthesis of thioesters without the assistance of any directing group. A thioester moiety is created via successive CS and CO bond formation at the expense of three sp3 CH bonds of the alkylbenzene and one sp3 SH bond of the thiol.

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Enantioselective Formation of All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters from Indoles and Tertiary Alcohols Bearing A Directing Group
Authors: Zhao Wanxiang , Wang Zhaobin , Chu Boyang , Sun Jianwei
Published: August 2014

Described is an efficient catalytic asymmetric intermolecular CC bond‐formation process to generate acyclic all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters. The reactions overcome the unfavorable steric hindrance around reactive centers, and the competitive elimination (E1), to form a range of useful indole products with excellent efficiency and enantioselectivity.