bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Carnation Cut Flower Market in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Pawan Singh , Bhattarai Thakur
Published: February 2023

Carnation is an important cut flower commercially traded in Kathmandu Valley. It has high demand of floriculture market in the Kathmandu Valley due to its physical characteristics and also its suitability to be used singly or in combination with other flowers in different floriculture products. So, the study has attempted to analyze the market of carnation cut flower in Kathmandu Valley. Data were collected from sample of carnation producers, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers of the Kathmandu Valley. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select the respondents. Information from the respondents was generated through semi-structured interview schedule. Key informants were also interviewed for in-depth and related information. Data collected through personal interview and secondary sources was analyzed by applying descriptive statistical tools. Data analysis focused mainly on the market structure, conduct of marketing agents, and performance of carnation cut flower in the market in terms of returns to the marketing agents, present problems in marketing, and future prospects of carnation in Kathmandu Valley. Findings reveal that the market structure was well integrated and the conduct of the marketing actors was so far competitive to the large extent. The performance of the carnation cut flower in terms of price and profit seems satisfactory and sustainable. However, there were ample areas of improvements in the marketing system. Given the high degree of demand in the valley and increasing trend of imports of carnation cut flowers from other districts of the country as well as from foreign countries, concerted efforts must be made to reverse the situation and make the Valley self-reliant in fulfilling its demand alongside exporting to other districts and countries in the future.
SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN ADOLESCENCE
Authors:   Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Selikova Yana
Published: February 2023

Здійснено аналіз психолого-педагогічної літератури з проблеми виникнення і формування соціально- психологічних механізмів взаєморозуміння в підлітковому віці. Соціально-психологічні механізми взаєморозуміння відіграють велику роль під час міжособистісного спілкування. Соціальна ситуація розвитку підлітків динамічно змінюється, що впливає на систему взаємовідносин, на спілкування з дорослими і однолітками. Успішний розвиток і виникнення міжособистісного спілкування можливі за умови взаєморозуміння між його учасниками. Соціально-психологічне взаєморозуміння – це певна якість міжособистісних стосунків. Це установка на позитивне сприйняття, розуміння, толерантність, пізнання один одного, взаємна згода під час комунікації. Учені виділяють соціально-психологічні механізми взаєморозуміння та нейрофізіологічні механізми соціальної перцепції та емпатії. Встановлено, що навчання в закладах загальної середньої освіти здебільшого спрямоване на когнітивний розвиток здобувачів освіти, а не на розвиток їх особистості, на соціальний розвиток. Запропоновано для формування соціально-психологічних механізмів взаєморозуміння практично використовувати тренінги психологічних умінь та тренінги емпатії.
Improving sports skills by solving psychological training tasks
Authors: Indychenko L. , Ploshynska A. , Cherevko S. , Kovalenko Y.
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes the concept and purpose of psychological training of athletes, the main issues of psychological training, it’s planning and requirements for planning, types, means and methods and factors of the formation of psychological training, an empirical study is conducted. We have considered actions and operations to increase psychological resilience. The types of such training and methods used in working with athletes are considered and substantiated. The simplest and most accessible method of restoring the athlete's mental capacity is suggestion.

The purpose of the study is to theoretically and empirically substantiate the importance of the application of psychological preparation of athletes during competitions.

The following methods were chosen for conducting the research: theoretical analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodical literature, use of the application of the method of mathematical statistics.

The research was carried out on the basis of Children's youth sports school No. 1 in the city of Novomoskovsk. 17 girls and 4 boys aged 14 to 16 took part in the aerobatic experiment. The "Beck's Anxiety Scale" questionnaire, which contains 21 questions, was used to solve the tasks set in the work.

We checked the statistical significance of the experiment using the non-parametric Pearson r test (p<0.05).

During the experiment, we found an increase in anxiety in 15 (71%) subjects, 14 of them girls and 1 boy. In 6 (29%) subjects, the level of anxiety either did not change (1 boy) or, on the contrary, decreased (2 boys and 3 girls).

During our research, we confirmed the opinion of scientists that the anxiety level of athletes increases during competitions.
Influence of parterre gymnastics on the formation of movement culture in young athletes 5-6 years old
Authors: Riabchenko O.
Published: February 2023

The article describes the influence of parterre gymnastics on the formation of the culture of movements in young sportswomen aged 5-6 years. An experimental technique was applied, which consisted of a complex of 8 basic exercises of parterre gymnastics: exercise "sun", exercise "fold", exercise "butterfly", exercise "accordion", exercise "scissors", exercise "frog", exercise "ring", exercise "shuttle". In order to determine the level of movement culture in girls, a system was used to evaluate the basic elements of rhythmic gymnastics, such as: "bouncing jump", "passe" balance, "free leg horizontally forward (bent)" turn, "full body wave" and "combination of dance steps". The level of performance of these elements was assessed on a 10-point scale. All the girls trained at the ETAR sports club, Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria. According to the results of the proposed methodology in the educational and training process, it was established that the use of parterre gymnastics exercises has a positive effect on the formation of movement culture and reliably increases the level of choreographic training of young female athletes.
Complex of measures regarding the physical rehabilitation of military servants
Authors: Slukhenska R. , Logush L. , Zendyk O. , Gulina L.
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes the main features of physical rehabilitation, physical therapy of soldiers who are under medical supervision due to diseases of the main body systems, injuries of the lower extremities. As the basis of medical physical culture, physical exercises, movement and hygienic regime are considered. A prominent place among the means of physical rehabilitation is given to physical exercises, because motor activity is the most important condition for the formation of a healthy life, the basis of proper medical rehabilitation. After treatment in the hospital, servicemen are faced with the issue of restoring functionality to get back in shape. It is important to note that physical rehabilitation of servicemen after injuries, severe contusions, etc. takes time and can last from 1-2 to 5-6 months or longer. The complex of rehabilitation treatment measures is aimed at restoring the body after the end of the acute period and rather allows to avoid primary disability or prevent further deterioration of health, contributes to the improvement of the general physical condition of the soldier, etc. The purpose of the work is to consider the specifics of post-hospital physical rehabilitation of servicemen through physical therapy and a complex of rehabilitation exercises, to describe the specifics of using some of the exercises. The correct choice of the rehabilitation option, the complex of physical exercises, the intensity of the medical measures being carried out, determines the favorable outcome of the medical process, the restoration of work capacity and fighting capacity, and the quick return of the serviceman to action.
Public Audit in the Field of Housing and Communal Services
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Vishka I. , Olesko N. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Introduction. The article considers the concept of public audit in housing and communal services as a living mechanism that should consist of experts who can professionally and impartially observe and evaluate social processes in society and provide an adequate assessment of the situation in various situations. Purpose. The introduction of new criteria for the provision of social services in the field of housing and communal services will contribute to increasing the transparency of the use of budget resources and will help the population to resume a new dialogue with state authorities. Results. The international experience of reforming and the methodology of conducting public audits in housing and communal services are analyzed using the cases of England, Germany, the United States of America, France, and the Netherlands. Following the changes and the need to reform the public audit field in housing and utilities/services, recommendations were given. Also, the importance of introducing a transparent public audit is indicated because it will build new relations between the public and public authorities in Ukraine's housing and communal services. The article states the need for additional criteria when conducting a public audit in the field of housing and communal services/services. After all, the post-war stage of the development of public audit in the field of housing and communal services should be located not only at the level of control of certain public entities, mass media, but also at the level of special public and state bodies, which will be endowed with relevant functions, the main of which will be planning, coordination, control over the implementation of reforms and the proper and effective implementation of the set goals and objectives, in accordance with the approved strategies at different levels of government. Conclusions. The important role of introducing a transparent public audit belongs to local state authorities, because it will build new relations between the public and the public sphere. However, such implementation should be accompanied by reform based on international practices, taking into account the specifics of legislation and modern realities.
Development of Modern Business Ideas and Technologies in Ukraine
Authors:   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Lunkina T�tiana , Honchar Yeva ,   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Bytko Diana
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Introduction. Every year, the world has a lot of technology around us everywhere. What was previously thought to be a fantasy is now routine. What was previously thought to be a fantasy is now routine. The society tries to make its life easier by introducing technological progress into the revolution. Modern rates of scientific and technological progress and dependence of economic growth of leading countries and the world economy on efficiency of use of science and technologies have made necessary combination of efforts and resources of different countries for achievement of global scientific and technological goals. Purpose. The purpose of the research is to analyze the development of modern business ideas and technologies in the economy of Ukraine and abroad. Results. It has been established that Ukraine is still far behind economically developed countries of the world. The flow of investments into startups of Ukraine and the company was considered. It is well known that the USA is the main investor of the startup of the branch of our state and the catalyst for the development of the Ukrainian innovation environment. It is clear that Ukrainian industrial enterprises are gradually introducing innovative technologies into their activities and are moving to a more technological process of production, but given the changing Ukrainian economy, the instability of the financial market and the lack of state support for fundamental changes in the near future are not expected. It has been proved that Ukraine is a great place for investments, as most startups, which are innovative companies in our country, with it inclination, and this industry is promising and will help our state to take a course in the direction of digitization of business and improvement of our innovative environment. It is justified that the state, based on the recommendations of science, is called on to send clear and clear signals to businesses on promising most important directions of production activity, to orient and direct its business activity in the direction required for the society, to indicate directions of overcoming the delay of our enterprises from the level of their foreign competitors. Conclusions. Requirements of time, rapid development and introduction of modern ideas and technologies in practically all spheres of society cause economic entities at all levels of functioning to change their direction and activity in a qualitative way, to react to the challenges of the present time, to adapt and introduce new developments and technologies. In our opinion, it is the use of modern technologies, the newest ideas can become a catalyst for their development for domestic enterprises. As the global development is actively developing, innovative technologies become more popular, which not only accelerate all processes at the enterprise, but also minimize costs by introducing efficient use of resources into each of the processes.
Gender Paradoxes: Problems of Research in the Field of Work
Authors:   National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Makarova Olena
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Introduction. Employment is one of the most significant characteristics of the quality of life. To a large extent, it will determine the status of a person, his income and life opportunities. The difference in the characteristics of employment may indicate social inequality, including gender. The existing ways of assessing gender equality have certain problems. They do not fully take into account all aspects of employment. In addition, in the modern world there are significant changes in the forms and nature of employment of the population: the spread of non-standard forms, informal employment and part-time employment. In this regard, there are objective reasons for the search for new approaches and methods for such an assessment. Purpose. The article is devoted to the issue of improving the methodological foundations of gender studies in the sphere of labor. Based on the generalization and analysis of information from gender studies in this area, international reports on the state of gender equality, statistical data on labor and employment in Ukraine, the article identifies problems in assessing the state of gender equality. The prerequisites that determine the particular relevance of this topic, in particular, regarding recent changes in the nature and working conditions, are also characterized. Examples of a paradoxical assessment of the state of gender equality are given. The example of Switzerland shows that high rates of women's participation in the labor market do not always mean equal employment conditions. On the basis of their assessment of expert information and statistical data, a conclusion was drawn about the need to take into account certain aspects of gender inequality, namely, part-time employment and unpaid domestic work. The article proposes approaches to the calculation of the integral index of gender equality in the world of work, taking into account these aspects, gives recommendations on its practical use and the possibility of further research. Particular attention is paid to the need to use such a source of information as a time survey. Because no other survey makes a distinction between leisure and domestic unpaid work. Results. Based on the identified problems and features of inconsistencies in gender measurements, the need to improve the methodology for assessing gender equality in the field of employment is substantiated. The calculation of the coefficient of recalculation of the indicator "level of employment" in the equivalent of full working time is proposed. Conclusions. The resulting approaches can be used to calculate a sub-index of employment equality, which can be a component of the overall gender equality index. To carry out such calculations, it is necessary to ensure the receipt of the necessary data, that is, the conduct of surveys of time use. The data obtained in this way will make it possible to more objectively assess the situation both within the country and more correctly make comparisons at the international level.
Innovation � the Foundation of Entrepreneurship
Authors:   Fil. Dr. Jan-U. Sandal Institute, SANDAL J-U.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Introduction. The article deals with a number of research questions. The main questions are what are the roots and definitions of innovation and entrepreneurship, who is the entrepreneur, what role does gender play, what are the consequences of interest on productive loans, what is the meaning of innovation managements and do organizations create innovations. Purpose. The purpose of the article is a scientific analyzes of the roots, definitions, and use of the phenomena described by the terms innovation and entrepreneurship Results. The research method is based on identifying a number of scientists dealing with the topics covering the research questions. The research period covers approximately 300 years. Even thou the modern use of the terms innovation and entrepreneurship might differ in the political and religious contexts of today, that disturbance has no influx on the deeper understanding and causes no diversions. Investing taxpayers' money in entrepreneurship will only result in loss, because politicians and governments do not have access to innovation, which means that their engagement will be limited to the static production function. Conclusions. The conclusion shows that the Franco-Austrian-Norwegian (FAN) scientific tradition of innovation and entrepreneurship based on Say, Schumpeter and Sandal is defining innovation, social innovation and entrepreneurship. In the historic, scientific analyzes, the entrepreneur is a male, not a female or any other gender. Furthermore, innovation is the foundation of all entrepreneurship.
Segmentation of the Target Audience sa an Important Stage of Marketing in the Market of Hotel and Restaurant Business
Authors:   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Stamat Viktoriia
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Introduction. In modern conditions in the hotel and restaurant business market, the question of increasing competitiveness and finding solutions to retain consumers and attract the attention of new ones is gaining relevance. This is possible on the basis of accurate market segmentation and determination of the consumer groups that will become the target audience, i.e. market segmentation and selection of the target segment. The dialectical method of cognition, a systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena, which made it possible to obtain scientific results, as well as to formulate conclusions and practical recommendations, became the theoretical and methodological basis of the research. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and practical recommendations for target audience segmentation for hotel and restaurant businesses on the market in modern conditions of intense competition, using modern methods of target marketing. Results. Stages of marketing processes for hotel and restaurant business establishments are highlighted: establishment positioning; target audience segmentation; search for competitors; formation of a plan of marketing activities; structuring of the marketing budget; formation of feedback and communication with guests; optimization of the menu in a restaurant or hotel; optimization of serving dishes; pricing in the hotel and restaurant business; service optimization; interior. The concept of segmentation of the target audience as a component of target marketing is characterized, as well as the methods of segmentation of the target audience are provided, which allow obtaining high-quality information about the actual needs of consumers and the formation of solutions and new offers to satisfy them. Practical recommendations are provided that can be used for both complex and individual hotel and restaurant businesses. Conclusions. Based on the analyzed information, segmentation methods have been identified that are suitable for achieving greater research results, that is, high competitive advantages, increasing profits and the level of recognition and loyalty of consumers of hotel and restaurant establishments.
Analysis of Sources of Financial and Investment Support for the Development of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses
Authors:   Odessa National University of Economics, Chernyshova Lyudmila
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Introduction. The main factor in ensuring the competitive advantages of the effective functioning of any enterprise, its stable economic development, is the improvement of the efficiency and optimization of the enterprise's costs. Therefore, in order to achieve a high economic and financial result of activity, enterprises of various industries and spheres of operation need effective cost management. Cost management is aimed at the constant search and identification of resource saving reserves, stimulation of resource conservation and cost reduction in order to obtain the effect of commercial calculation based on the results of the enterprise's activities. Purpose. Research of scientific approaches of various scientists to the definition of the concept of �cost management�, determination of cost management functions and systematization of cost management principles at the enterprise. Results. Substantiates the author's position regarding the essence of this concept of �cost management�, which should be considered as an integral system of organizational and functional support and a methodological toolkit of influencing the process of spending, which includes managerial actions , the purpose of which is for the enterprise to obtain a high positive financial result of its activity. It was determined, that cost management at the enterprise involves the performance of general functions inherent in the management of any object and specific functions. It is justified, that consideration of the principles of cost management should be carried out through a thorough coverage of their substantive basis with the disclosure of the opportunities that the enterprise receives in cost management, subject to compliance with one or another principle. The main principles of cost management of the enterprise are summarized, which include the following principles: system-complex approach to cost management; intersubject feedback; resource reservation; continuity of cost management for the production and sale of a specific product; economic validity and reliability of information about costs; the adequacy of the results of management actions regarding costs; independence. Conclusions. The author's position on the essence of cost management is outlined in the article, the general and specific functions of cost management are detailed, and the principles of the cost management process at the enterprise are detailed. It is ensuring maximum compliance of the specified principles at the enterprise that enables the effectiveness of cost management, which is part of the general management system of the enterprise and reflects the efficiency of economic activity.
STUDI TINGKAT KETERURAIAN PEWARNA TEKSTIL MENGGUNAKAN LAKASE MURNI DARI Marasmiellus palmivorus
Authors: Widyastuti Ragil Putri , Suhardi Sri Harjati , Permana Dani , Hasan Khomaini , Kardena Edwan , Jatnika Agus
Published: February 2023

Pewarna di dalam limbah tekstil menjadi salah satu aspek penting karena sulit didegradasi. Enzim lakase yang berasal dari jamur pelapuk putih Marasmiellus palmivorus terbukti efektif dalam mendegradasi beberapa jenis pewarna tekstil. Lakase murni diujikan pada pewarna tekstil dengan metode uji cepat atau High Throughput Screening (HTS). Sampel pewarna yang digunakan yaitu 14 pewarna jenis azo, anthrakuinon dan disperse. Uji cepat dilakukan pada suhu ruang menggunakan microplate titer dengan perbandingan sampel dan enzim 1:1 selama 24 jam dengan konsentrasi pewarna 150ppm. Sampel yang diamati merupakan campuran pewarna dan enzim murni dengan aktifitas spesifik 2,49 U/mg. Metode HTS memperlihatkan Procion Blue H-GN dan Levafix Blue E-Ra Gran positif terdekolorisasi oleh lakase. Screening dekolorisasi pewarna oleh kultur jamur M. palmivorus pada medium PDA juga dilakukan dengan hasil 7 pewarna terdekolorisasi yaitu Telon Blue AFN, Telon Red AFG, Isolan Silver N, Telon Blue BRL, Levafix Blue PN-3R, Procion Blue H-GN dan Levafix Blau E-Ra Gran. Dua warna yang positif terdegradasi oleh lakase dan kultur jamur diukur perubahan konsentrasinya berdasarkan nilai absorbansinya menggunakan spektrofotometer. Konsentrasi pewarna Levafix Blue E-Ra Gran turun hingga 86 ppm setelah 24 jam. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah metode HTS berhasil memperlihatkan sifat dekolorisasi berbagai pewarna tekstil dengan cepat dan terbukti dengan berubahnya konsentrasi pewarna setelah pengujian.
ESTIMASI STOK KARBON SEDIMEN PADA AREA PADANG LAMUN DI KEPULAUAN SPERMONDE, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Yushra Yushra , Adiguna Galih Setyo , Sasongko Lukas Wibowo , Widyastuti Ragil Putri
Published: February 2023

Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan mengestimasi stok karbon dalam sedimen pada ekosistem padang lamun di kepulauan Spermonde, khususnya di Pulau Bonetambung dan Pulau Lae-Lae, Makassar. Pengambilan sedimen dilakukan pada area padang lamun dengan menggunakan sediment core berdiameter 5 cm dan kedalaman alat sampai 30 cm. Luasan tutupan lamun diperoleh dari analisis citra satelit Landsat-8 dan kondisi lamun yaitu dengan menggunakan petak contoh berukuran 100cm x 100cm. Hasil analisis citra landsat-8 didapatkan luasan tutupan ekosistem padang lamun di Pulau Bonetambung yakni 14.18 ha dimana didapatkan 4 kategori tutupan lamun yaitu sangat padat (0.2 ha), padat (0.7 ha), sedang (6 ha) dan jarang (7 ha). Sedangkan pada Pulau Lae-Lae diperoleh luasan ekosistem padang lamun yakni 5,04 ha dan didapatkan 3 kategori tutupan lamun yaitu jarang (0,36 ha), sedang (3,42 ha) dan padat (1,23 ha). Hasil analisis contoh sedimen didapatkan pada Pulau Bonetambung dan Pulau Lae- Lae didominasi oleh tipe sedimen pasir kasar. Didapatkan nilai rerata kandungan karbon sedimen pada ekosistem padang lamun yaitu di Pulau Bonetambung 9,6 MgCha-1 pada kedalaman 0-30 cm sedangkan di Pulau Lae-Lae diperoleh 8,98 MgCha-1. Total Stok karbon sedimen pada area padang lamun Pulau Bonetambung yaitu 136,08 MgC atau setara dengan 503,5 MgCO2 e sedangkan di Pulau Lae-Lae didaptkan 44,86 MgC atau setara dengan 165,9 MgCO2 e. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekosistem lamun berperan sangat penting dalam menjaga stok karbon di laut sehingga perlu mendapat perhatian untuk konservasinya.
C Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) Rhynchobatus sp Menggunakan Gill Net Dasar Di Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan 711 (WPP NRI 711) Pada Fishing Base PPI Sungai Kakap Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Sadri Sadri , Tumion Frangky Fransiskus , Sudarso Jumadi , Muallim Rahmat
Published: February 2023

Rhynchobatus springeri (R. springeri) and Rhynchobatus australiae (R. australiae), which belong to wedgefish species, are the main target of captures of the bottom gill net fishery at PPI Sungai Kakap, West Kalimantan, a fishing ground in the Indonesian Fisheries Management Area 711 (WPP NRI 711). The fin is the main part in business activity in fisheries and has been exported due to high demand with promising price. But, there is a scarcity of research on this species (Jabado, 2019) especially the information about  the level of vulnerability of the wedgefish species. The status of R. springeri and R. australiae are critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (Jabado, 2019; Kyne, 2019; Kyne et al, 2019a; IUCN, 2012). CPUE is the amount of fish catch per unit of effort. The term ‘effort’ in this research is the length of days at sea per trip of fishing operation. Data collection includes the number of landings of Rhynchobatus species and length of days at sea from each fishing vessel during the years of 2016 and 2019. Microsoft Excel was used for data analysis. The results showed that the average CPUE was 54.34 piece/trip, or 1,512.19 kg/trip and 1.75 piece/day, or 48.78 kg/day per ship. The correlation between CPUE and effort is positively significant. At the CPUE piece/trip, the linear equation shown as follow y = 0.3583x-38.531 with R2 = 0.8724 or R = 0.9340. Whereas, at the CPUE kg/trip, the linear equation was y = 9,0823x-842,11 with R2 = 0,791 or R = 0,889 (Y is CPUE and X is effort).
PENGARUH JENIS OLAHAN BAHAN BAKU DAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG TAPIOKA YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP KARATERISTIK BAKSO IKAN NILA
Authors: Primadini Vivin , Vatria Belvi , Novalina Kristina
Published: February 2023

Ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi produk olahan bakso ikan.Bakso ikan merupakan produk makanan berbentuk bulatan atau lain, yang diperoleh dari campurandaging ikan dan pati dengan atau tanpa penambahan bahan makanan lain yang diijinkan. Tujuanpenelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh jenis olahan bahan baku dan penambahan tepung tapiokayang berbeda terhadap karateristik bakso ikan nila dan menentukan formula terbaik bakso ikan nilatersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan metode rancangan acak lengkapfaktorial dengan dua faktor perlakuan yaitu faktor jenis bahan baku dengan 3 taraf yaitu daging lumatdan surimi dan faktor konsentrasi tepung tapioka dengan 4 taraf yaitu kosentrasi tepung tapioka 5%,10%, 15% sebanyak 2 kali ulangan. Data parametrik diolah secara statistik dengan analisis varian danuji lanjut Duncan jika hasilnya berbeda nyata. Data non parametrik dianalisis dengan Kruskal- Wallis.Jika berbeda nyata dilakukan uji lanjut multiple comparison. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa jenisolahan bahan baku dan penambahan tepung tapioka yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh nyataterhadap kekuatan gel, uji gigit, uji lipat, penampakan, dan tekstur bakso ikan nila tetapi tidakmemberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap warna, aroma, dan rasa bakso ikan nila. Formulasi terbaikadalah formulasi jenis bahan baku surimi dengan penambahan tepung tapioka sebanyak 15%(formulasi B4). Bakso ikan dengan formulasi terbaik tersebut memiliki karakteristik fisik berupakekuatan gel sebesar 561.41 g.cm, uji gigit katagori normal, dan uji lipat katagori tidak retak biladilipat satu kali (Grade A) serta karateristik organoleptik dengan spesifikasi: kenampakan; berbentukbulat solid, sedikit berongga, dan seragam; warna putih cerah; aroma spesifik ikan, harum, dan tidakamis; tekstur kenyal, padat, dan kompak; dan rasa yang enak dan gurih spesifik ikan. Bakso ikanformula B1 paling diterima dan disukai oleh penelis.
Kajian Potensi Pemanfaatan Limbah Sisik Ikan Dari Usaha Ikan Tangkap Laut (Studi Kasus Pasar Kota Bengkulu)
Authors: Elvina Wica , Utami Risnita Tri
Published: February 2023

The potential utilization of fish by-products from fishery processing businesses in the form of fish scales can still be utilized for various synthetic products. Fish scales contain 29.8 – 40.9% protein; fat content 0.1-1%, mineral content 30.0-36.8%, collagen 37.5%, with the content of these protein compounds, fish scales can produce active compounds such as chitosan, collagen and gelatin. Bengkulu City is an area that has a major contribution to the province Bengkulu, with a total production of 46,145 tons of marine catch per year (KKP, 2020). This research aims to determine the potential of fish scales produced from fish processing activities in Bengkulu City based on the yield of fish scales per total weight of fish. Snapper, grouper and pomfret are the three types of marine capture fisheries could produce the highest production volume in Bengkulu City. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the yield of snapper scales resulted in the highest yield of fish scales, was 5.2% per total weight, with the results of the yield, it was known that fish scales could be utilized and potentially reprocessed into new products. The results of interviews with fish processing entrepreneurs in one of the largest markets in Bengkulu City (Panorama Market), it is known that every day the fishery product processing can produce 20-50 kg of snapper, so if this related to the yield of fish scales with the amount of fish production, it is known that Snapper scales have high potential to be used to provide additional income for fisheries entrepreneurs. The fish scale waste obtained can be reprocessed into useful products such as gelatin, chitosan, and collagen. Gelatin is used as a food additive, chitosan is used as a natural preservative, and collagen is used as an additive in food or pharmaceutical products.
Vaccine Inequality and Hesitancy in Pakistan: a Multi-modal Analysis of Covid-19 Cartoons in Pakistani Newspapers
Authors: Rana Arooj , Ayoub Tahir , Ghilzai Shazia Akbar
Published: February 2023

Political cartoons are humorous and graphical representations of specific situations, events, and thoughts that have the power to change individuals’ minds (Morris, 1992). The present study investigates the humorous and satirical depiction of vaccine inequality
and hesitancy in the Covid-19 political cartoons published in Pakistan. The cartoons have been qualitatively analyzed as a powerful medium for visual communication on the contemporary challenge of vaccination in Pakistan. In total, 8 political cartoons have been purposively selected from four Pakistani English Newspapers. The theoretical notions of Machin (2007) have been adopted to analyze the semiotic and linguistic resources present in the cartoons. The findings show that various semiotic and linguistic resources have been utilized to expose economic discrepancies, the dominant elite, and prejudiced policies of the government as reasons for vaccine inequality in the country. Moreover, owing to various conspiracy theories and anti-preventive agendas against COVID-19, individuals in Pakistan are vaccine-hesitant.
A racial analysis of pain outcomes following microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: So Raymond J. , Kalluri Anita L. , Storm Kaitlyn , Nair Sumil K. , Budihal Bhargavi R. , Huang Judy , Lim Michael , Bettegowda Chetan , Xu Risheng
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

Pain outcomes by race in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) are not well investigated. The authors aimed to compare microvascular decompression (MVD) outcomes in TN patients on the basis of self-identified race.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed all patients with TN who underwent MVD at their institution from 2007 to 2020. Each patient’s self-reported race was recorded, and Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) scores for pain and numbness were compared. Factors associated with pain recurrence were assessed using survival analyses and multivariate regressions.

RESULTS

Of 1011 patients, 925 reported their racial demographic characteristics, and patients who identified as Native American or American Indian and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander were excluded due to small sample sizes. Of the resulting 921 patients, 697 (75.7%) patients identified as White, 108 (11.7%) as Black or African American, 39 (4.2%) as Asian, and 77 (8.4%) as other. Compared with White patients, Black TN patients were more likely to present with type 1 TN (p = 0.02). At final follow-up, the mean BNI pain score of Black patients was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared with that of White patients, although pain scores did not differ preoperatively. The adjusted multivariate ordinal regression model showed that Black patients were associated with higher BNI pain scores at final follow-up (p = 0.01). Furthermore, compared with White patients, Black patients were at increased risk for postoperative pain recurrence (p = 0.04), which additionally occurred after a shorter median pain-free duration (p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS

TN patients who identify as Black or African American exhibit worse postoperative pain outcomes after MVD compared with White patients. Future studies investigating the factors driving these racial differences are warranted.
Impact of salvage surgery with or without reirradiation for skull base meningiomas recurring after prior radiotherapy
Authors: Rubino Franco , Schur Solon , McGovern Susan L. , Kamiya-Matsuoka Carlos , DeMonte Franco , Raza Shaan M.
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

Long-term follow-up of meningiomas has demonstrated recurrence rates ranging from 2.5% to 48% after 10 years, depending on histology grade. There are limited data available to guide the management of recurrent and previously irradiated skull base meningiomas, and challenges related to salvage surgery, reirradiation, and lack of clear systemic therapy strategies remain. In this study, the authors analyzed data from their experience with recurrent and previously irradiated meningiomas to assess the impact of salvage surgery and reirradiation on progression-free survival (PFS).

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study of 48 patients with recurrent and previously irradiated meningiomas who were treated between 1995 and 2021 was conducted. Data were extracted from medical records and included clinical, radiological, and pathologic reports. Patients were clustered according to WHO grades. The authors analyzed the complications related to reirradiation and salvage surgery and the impact of different treatment modalities on PFS using Cox proportional hazard ratios.

RESULTS

Forty-eight patients (33 with WHO grade I, 11 with WHO grade II, and 4 with WHO grade III meningiomas) were treated for 143 recurrences after their first radiation treatment. For WHO grade I meningiomas, there was no change in tumor control rates with adjuvant repeat radiotherapy (HR 0.784, 95% CI 0.349–1.759; p = 0.55), and in terms of extent of resection (EOR), subtotal resection (STR) alone was associated with an increased risk of recurrence when compared with gross-total resection (GTR) (HR 3.38, 95% CI 1.268–9.036; p = 0.0189). For WHO grade II meningiomas, GTR did not significantly confer improved tumor control relative to STR (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.17–1.037; p = 0.055), but adjuvant repeat radiotherapy after STR was associated with improved outcomes (HR 0.316, 95% CI 0.13–0.768; p = 0.0029). Finally, for WHO grade III meningiomas, EOR did not correlate with outcomes (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.22–2.482; p = 0.588), but repeat radiotherapy alone was associated with a decreased odds of progression (HR 0.276, 95% CI 0.078–0.97; p = 0.0028).

CONCLUSIONS

This study examined the impact of retreatment on PFS in a large cohort of patients with recurrent meningiomas that had been previously irradiated. At the time of recurrence, WHO grade I meningiomas exhibited improved PFS with GTR, subtotally resected WHO grade II meningiomas appeared to have improved PFS when reirradiated, and reirradiation in WHO grade III meningiomas showed improved PFS.
Endovascular treatment versus standard medical treatment for basilar artery occlusion: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yu Ying , Lou Yake , Cui Rongrong , Miao Zhongrong , Lou Xin , Ma Ning
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

Acute ischemic stroke caused by basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is devastating, but the optimal treatment for patients with BAO remains controversial. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment (ET) versus standard medical treatment (SMT) in patients with BAO.

METHODS

The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome was good functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–3 at 90 days. The secondary efficacy outcome was excellent functional outcome defined as an mRS score of 0–2 at 90 days. The safety outcomes included mortality at 90 days and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Subgroup analyses were carried out based on race (Asian or non-Asian).

RESULTS

Four RCTs of 988 patients (556 in the ET group and 432 in the SMT group) were included in this meta-analysis. The proportion of good functional outcome in the ET group was significantly higher than that in the SMT group (45.1% vs 29.6%; number needed to treat 6.45; RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.16–2.06; p = 0.003, I2 = 60%). The subgroup analysis based on race showed a significant difference between Asian and non-Asian race in the primary outcome (p = 0.03, I2 = 78.5%). Patients in the ET group had a higher rate of excellent functional outcome at 90 days than those in the SMT group (34.9% vs 20.6%; RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.07–3.12; p = 0.03, I2 = 80%). Patients in the ET group had a lower mortality at 90 days (35.6% vs 45.4%; RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66–0.89; p = 0.0007, I2 = 0%) but a higher rate of sICH (5.4% vs 0.5%; RR 8.29, 95% CI 2.49–27.66; p = 0.0006, I2 = 0%) than those in the SMT group.

CONCLUSIONS

ET may improve the functional outcome and reduce mortality at 90 days but increase the risk of sICH compared with SMT in patients with BAO. This conclusion needs to be confirmed in non-Asian populations in future studies.

Systematic review registration no.: CRD42022357718 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/)
Clinical outcomes of the traditional dual growing rod technique combined with apical pedicle screws in the treatment of early-onset scoliosis: preliminary results from a single center
Authors: Yang Yang , Su Zhe , Wang Shengru , Du You , Zhao Yiwei , Lin Guanfeng , Ye Xiaohan , Wu Nan , Zhuang Qianyu , Zhang Terry Jianguo
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

Limited control of an apical deformity is a major disadvantage in the traditional dual growing rod (TDGR) technique. Previous literature has reported the results of apical pedicle screw placement (APS) as an apical control technique in patients with early-onset scoliosis (EOS). However, the clinical outcomes, indications, and complications of the TDGR technique combined with APSs have not been well described. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preliminary clinical outcomes of the TDGR technique combined with APSs in EOS patients.

METHODS

Clinical data of 12 patients with EOS who were treated with the TDGR technique combined with APSs at the index surgery at the authors’ center from January 2010 to January 2020, with a minimum 2-year follow-up, were retrospectively reviewed. Indications for the use of APSs included 1) no vertebral segmentation failure, fused ribs, or multiple hemivertebrae at the apex; 2) at least 2 normal discs around the apex; and 3) proper development of apical pedicles on the convex side. Etiology, age at index surgery, number of lengthening procedures, follow-up duration, and complications were recorded. Radiographic measurements included Cobb angle, apical vertebral translation (AVT), apical vertebral rotation (AVR), thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, spine height, and space available for the lung (SAL).

RESULTS

The mean follow-up period was 4.0 ± 1.4 years, with a mean of 4.8 lengthening procedures per patient. The mean Cobb angle improved from 61.7° ± 10.4° to 19.9° ± 9.0° after the index surgery (19.6° ± 9.4° at the latest follow-up). The mean postindex AVT decreased to 16.8 ± 8.9 mm from a preindex AVT of 56.3 ± 9.7 mm and further improved to 13.6 ± 10.0 mm at the latest follow-up. The mean annual increases in T1–12 and T1–S1 height were 9.0 ± 4.7 mm and 13.9 ± 6.5 mm, respectively. The SAL improved from 0.91 to 1.04 at the latest follow-up. AVR improved significantly after the index surgery (p = 0.013), while minor deterioration was observed after repeat lengthening procedures. Five complications (2 implant related and 3 alignment related) occurred in 4 patients.

CONCLUSIONS

For EOS patients with good flexibility (without segmentation failure or multiple hemivertebrae at the apex), the TDGR technique combined with APSs can improve primary curve correction, maintain good correction results, and allow continuous spine growth, which may reduce the risks of complications during lengthening treatment. More multicenter prospective studies with larger samples are needed to further validate the findings of this study.
Mean Atd Angle among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shrestha Sheprala , Mansur Dil Islam , Tamrakar Rajendra , Shrestha Pragya , Maskey Sunima
Published: February 2023

Introduction: An atd angle is one of the dermatoglyphic patterns which is an indication of the degree of distal displacement of the axial triradius on the palm. This is one of the markers of diabetes mellitus that is used as a screening tool in order to reduce the risk of onset and initiate early treatment. The aim of this study is to find the mean atd angle among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients visiting a tertiary care centre.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done among diabetic patients in a tertiary centre from 9 June 2021 to 5 May 2022. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: KUSMS/IRC 40/2021). Both palm prints of study subjects were taken and the atd angle was measured. Convenience sampling was done. Point estimate and 95% confidence interval were calculated.

Results: Among 133 palm prints of diabetic patients, the mean atd angle was 42.13±4.73° (male: 41.90±4.75° and female: 42.35±4.70°). The right palms showed mean atd angle of 42.31±4.42° and that of left palms was 41.94±5.04°.

Conclusions: The mean atd angle among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is similar to other studies done in similar settings.
Incorporating Public Health into Transportation Decision Making
Authors:   San Diego State University, Appleyard Bruce , Garrett Tim ,   San Diego State University
Published: February 2023

Investments in transportation have the potential to significantly affect public health outcomes. Decisions to build highways, transit, or bikeways, for example, influence how residents and visitors move around a metropolitan area. Personal travel habits and proximity to transportation infrastructure play a role in how likely people are to be physically active or be exposed to dangerous traffic and toxic pollution. For this study, the research team reviewed the literature that links transportation infrastructure, the surrounding built environment context, and public health outcomes such as chronic heart and lung diseases, obesity, and death. The team then researched publicly available data that planners could use to inform decision-makers about the public health effects of funding certain investments. Finally, the team reviewed the guidelines of existing discretionary grant programs administered by the California Transportation Commission (CTC), and proposed improvements that would better incorporate available data on public health for consideration. These steps can positively influence funding decision-making for better public health outcomes in California.