bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Subcooling on Pool Boiling of Water from Sintered Copper Microporous Coating at Different Orientations
Authors: Jun Seongchul , Kim Jinsub , You Seung M. , Kim Hwan Yeol
Published: August 2018

The subcooling effect on pool boiling heat transfer using a copper microporous coating was experimentally studied in water for subcoolings of 10 K, 20 K, and 30 K at atmospheric pressure and compared to that of a plain copper surface. A high-temperature thermally conductive microporous coating (HTCMC) was made by sintering copper powder with an average particle size of 67 μm onto a 1 cm × 1 cm plain copper surface with a coating thickness of ~300 μm. The HTCMC surface showed a two times higher critical heat flux (CHF), ~2,000 kW/m2, and up to seven times higher nucleate boiling heat transfer (NBHT) coefficient, ~350 kW/m2K, when compared with a plain copper surface at saturation. The results of the subcooling effect on pool boiling showed that the NBHT of both the HTCMC and the plain copper surface did not change much with subcooling. On the other hand, the CHF increased linearly with the degree of subcooling for both the HTCMC and the plain copper surface. The increase in the CHF was measured to be ~60 kW/m2for every degree of subcooling for both the HTCMC and the plain surface, so that the difference of the CHF between the HTCMC and the plain copper surface was maintained at ~1,000 kW/m2throughout the tested subcooling range. The CHFs for the HTCMC and the plain copper surface at 30 K subcooling were 3,820 kW/m2and 2,820 kW/m2, respectively. The experimental results were compared with existing CHF correlations and appeared to match well with Zuber’s formula for the plain surface. The combined effect of subcooling and orientation of the HTCMC on pool boiling heat transfer was studied as well.
Developmental Programming of Capuchin Monkey Adrenal Dysfunction by Gestational Chronodisruption
Authors: Richter Hans G. , Mendez Natalia , Abarzua-Catalan Lorena , Valenzuela Guillermo J. , Seron-Ferre Maria , Torres-Farfan Claudia
Published: August 2018

In the capuchin monkey (Cebus apella), a new-world nonhuman primate, maternal exposure to constant light during last third of gestation induces precocious maturation of the fetal adrenal and increased plasma cortisol in the newborn. Here, we further explored the effects of this challenge on the developmental programming of adrenal function in newborn and infant capuchin monkeys. We measured (i) plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) and cortisol response to ACTH in infants with suppressed endogenous ACTH, (ii) plasma DHAS and cortisol response to ACTH in vitro, and (iii) adrenal weight and expression level of key factors in steroid synthesis (StAR and 3β-HSD). In one-month-old infants from mothers subjected to constant light, plasma levels of cortisol and cortisol response to ACTH were twofold higher, whereas plasma levels of DHAS and DHAS response to ACTH were markedly reduced, compared to control conditions. At 10 months of age, DHAS levels were still lower but closer to control animals, whereas cortisol response to ACTH was similar in both experimental groups. A compensatory response was detected at the adrenal level, consisting of a 30% increase in adrenal weight and about 50% reduction of both StAR and 3β-HSD mRNA and protein expression and the magnitude of DHAS and cortisol response to ACTH in vitro. Hence, at birth and at 10 months of age, there were differential effects in DHAS, cortisol production, and their response to ACTH. However, by 10 months of age, these subsided, leading to a normal cortisol response to ACTH. These compensatory mechanisms may help to overcome the adrenal alterations induced during pregnancy to restore normal cortisol concentrations in the growing infant.
Prurigo Nodularis after Radiotherapy: An Isoradiotopic Response?
Authors: Krammer Caspar Weel , Ibrahim Rami Mossad
Published: August 2018

Prurigo nodularis is a rare and chronic skin disorder with multiple, pruritic, and firm nodules. The exact pathophysiology is still unknown. Skin disorders appearing at sites of radiation can be defined as isoradiotopic. A 35-year-old male had developed a skin lesion in the left submandibular area on a base of irradiated skin which was initially suspected as a skin malignancy. The patient had a history of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal cancer with lymph node involvement which was treated by radiochemotherapy thirteen years previously. Histological examination confirmed that it was a case of prurigo nodularis which subsequently evolved at distant sites. This presentation may suggest a case of an isoradiotopic response.
Engaging Students as Participants and Partners: An Argument for Partnership with Students in Higher Education Research on Student Success
Authors: Matthews Kelly E.
Published: August 2018

Student success is of the upmost importance across the global higher education sector with a wealth of rich scholarship demonstrating the complexity of influences and factors that shape success. This article acknowledges that complexity and focuses on how students perceive, and partner in, shaping notions of their learning success through an analysis of two in-depth case studies. I draw on the theoretical framework of students as partners in learning and teaching. Broader implications are articulated followed by a specific focus on cross-cultural partnership from the perspective of a Chinese student partner. I argue that higher education scholars researching student success and learning outcomes should take seriously the perceptions of students to inform practice and policy, while also partnering with students in our own research to more genuinely comprehend the complexities of student success.
Improving Higher Education Productivity and Its Measurement: Linking Productivity and Student Success in Australia
Authors: Moore Kenneth
Published: August 2018

The current research explores links between university productivity and student success in Australia. Interviews were conducted with 15 stakeholders and experts on the topic of higher education productivity. The research uses qualitative methods to identify instances when participants discussed institutional productivity in conjunction with student success factors. Four common themes emerged that linked institutional productivity to student success: “Student experience and engagement,” “attrition, retention and progression,” “cross-subsidies,” and “teaching-research effort.” Findings reveal two feasible options for improving productivity estimation for the education function of universities. Findings also reveal leverage points for intervention to improve student success and productivity. The research highlights where mutual interests lie for managing resources and facilitating better student outcomes.
China’s Popular Educational Activity: Does Social Practice Really Help Enhance College Student Learning Outcomes?
Authors: Chen Le
Published: August 2018

Social Practice (SP) is a type of educational activity with “Chinese characteristic,” and it is widespread and accessible in China’s higher education institutions. This paper explores the features of Social Practice participants and the impacts of these practices on college student learning outcomes with quantitative data collected through the “China College Student Survey” (CCSS) Project. In particular, the paper examines three types of social practices (Academic Social Practice, Professional Social Practice, and Service Social Practice) and their impacts on student self-reported gains in knowledge, skills, and values. The study finds that: a) more than 70% college students have social practice experience, and another 26% intend to participate before graduation; b) engaging in social practice is statistically significantly correlated with self-reported improvement in all kinds of learning outcomes; c) the impact varies by the type of practices and student level of engagement. These findings suggest that it is beneficial for students to engage in social practice during college. Higher education institutions should provide students with opportunities to participate in different types of social practices.
Vitalizing the Social Studies in the Junior High School
Authors: McLaughlin Samuel J.
Published: August 2018

“We have hiherto assumed that to know meant to do …. Our boys and girls must be given the opportunity to put their citizenship ideals into everyday practice.”
Meet These Recent Books
Authors: Belding Mary Allison
Published: August 2018

Again this lover of good literature gives JOURNAL readers her selections from the season's book lists.
Weld bonding process analysis for tensile shear strength and peel strength of weld bonded joints of dissimilar steel sheets
Authors: Boriwal L , Sarviya RM , Mahapatra MM
Published: August 2018

Evaluating the strength performance of resistance spot welded joints in dissimilar material is critical for their continued integration into the automobile and aerospace industries. The effect of joint strength is an important consideration in the design of welded structures. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the welding process parameters (welding current, weld time, and electrode pressure) on the mechanical performance of dissimilar weld bonds between austenitic stainless steel 304L and low carbon steel sheets. Mechanical properties of weld bonds are described in terms of bond strength, failure mode, and hardness of the joint. Weld bonding experiments were planned on the basis of full factorial design matrix. Weld bonded joint strength tests showed that the maximum tensile shear strength and peel strength were achieved at 6.4 kA, eight-cycle weld time with 3 kg/cm2 electrode pressure. The hardness value across the weld bonded fusion zone was not affected much with respect to varying the welding current. Pullout failure and tearing failure modes were observed during the tensile shear strength test of weld bonded joints. Application of adhesive layer at faying surfaces resulted not only in strengthening but also distributing the stress in weld bonded joints.
Double Jeopardy: Plight of Female Students with Disabilities in Botswana’s Higher Education
Authors: Moswela Emmanuel , Mukhopadhyay Sourav
Published: August 2018

Although substantial recent research addresses the importance of higher education (HE) for students with disabilities, this sector has remained under-researched in Botswana. The struggle of female students with disabilities to access and participate in HE remains an issue of great concern for disability activists and researchers. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of female students with disabilities in their struggle to access and participate in three HE institutions in Botswana. Seven female students with disabilities participated in this research. Multiple methods, such as focus group discussions, photovoice and solicited journals, were used to collect data. The data were analysed using Atlas.ti 7.5 qualitative data analysis software. Three themes emerged, and they are (a) socio-cultural issues and disability identity, (b) access and participation in HE and (c) empowerment of female students. These findings served to inform Botwana’s HE institutions that include female students with disabilities, to help them to promote participation as well as quality of experiences.
Empathy Training Through Symptom Burden Simulation
Authors: Addison Polly , Morley Cathy
Published: August 2018

Background:

Providing quality care to hospice and palliative care patients requires the ability to feel and demonstrate empathic behaviors. To acquire a heightened level of empathy, the learner needs to internalize a process of experiencing first-hand real-life symptom burdens common at end of life. Making this happen during new employee orientation is a challenge but with powerful outcomes.

Objective:

To increase empathy levels in hospice and palliative care staff within the agency.

Methods:

A mandatory class for all new employees and open sessions for existing employees in a hospice and palliative care setting. Subjecting participants to multiple disease process simulations.

Results:

All new employees participated in a symptom simulation workshop during their orientation.

Conclusions:

Ninety-eight percent of the new employees found their experience in the workshop to dramatically positively affect their empathy levels and consequently formulate compassionate responses to patient situations based on their experiences of feeling empathy during the training.
Intelligent health monitoring system based on smart clothing
Authors: Lin Chung-Chih , Yang Chih-Yu , Zhou Zhuhuang , Wu Shuicai
Published: August 2018

In this study, we proposed an intelligent health monitoring system based on smart clothing. The system consisted of smart clothing and sensing component, care institution control platform, and mobile device. The smart clothing is a wearable device for electrocardiography signal collection and heart rate monitoring. The system integrated our proposed fast empirical mode decomposition algorithm for electrocardiography denoising and hidden Markov model–based algorithm for fall detection. Eight kinds of services were provided by the system, including surveillance of signs of life, tracking of physiological functions, monitoring of the activity field, anti-lost, fall detection, emergency call for help, device wearing detection, and device low battery warning. The performance of fast empirical mode decomposition and hidden Markov model were evaluated by experiment I (fast empirical mode decomposition evaluation) and experiment II (fall detection), respectively. The accuracy and sensitivity of R-peak detection using fast empirical mode decomposition were 96.46% and 98.75%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of fall detection using hidden Markov model were 97.92%, 90.00%, and 99.50%, respectively. The system was evaluated in an elderly long-term care institution in Taiwan. The results of the satisfaction survey showed that both the caregivers and the elders are willing to use the proposed intelligent health monitoring system. The proposed system may be used for long-term health monitoring.
Power of the Past, Celebrate the Present, Force of the Future Part 2: Our Story—NASN’s Second 25 Years
Authors: Kiefner Jeanne , Cogan Robin , Conway Sharon M.
Published: August 2018

The July 2018 issue of the NASN School Nurse, featured the first in a series of articles exploring the history, examining the present, and visioning the future of our organization in celebration of NASN’s 50th anniversary. Part 2 of our historical account reflects on the leadership of a new generation of clinicians, reviewing the major emphases and accomplishments of NASN presidents serving from 1993 to today.
Staff experiences with strategic implementation of clinical health promotion: A nested qualitative study in the WHO-HPH Recognition Process RCT
Authors: Svane Jeff Kirk , Egerod Ingrid , Tønnesen Hanne
Published: August 2018

Objectives:

Health promotion is on the global agenda. The risks targeted include smoking, hazardous alcohol consumption, nutrition and insufficient physical activity. Implementation of clinical health promotion, however, remains a major challenge. While several processes, models and frameworks for strategic implementation exist, very few have been tested in randomized designs. Testing a strategic implementation process for clinical health promotion was only recently attempted via a randomized clinical trial on the World Health Organization Health Promotion Hospitals Recognition Process. The randomized clinical trial showed that the process improved central parts of implementation. To complement these findings, this nested qualitative study aimed to explore experiences and perceptions of staff and managers, who had completed the process, and generate hypotheses for improvements.

Methods:

We interviewed a purposeful sample of 45 key informants from four countries, who worked at clinical departments and had undertaken the World Health Organization Health Promotion Hospitals implementation process. The informants included 14 managers, 14 medical doctors, 13 nurses and 4 other clinical staff. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and an inductive approach to coding and categorization supported by QSR NVivo.

Results:

The informants’ experiences and perceptions centered around four global themes concerning (1) awareness, cultural re-orientation and integration; (2) learnings; (3) normalization and legitimacy and (4) a more evidence-based, structured and systematic approach to clinical health promotion. Informants were positive toward the implementation process, although it was sometimes challenging. The suggested improvements to increase acceptability related to the patient survey, time consumption, translation, tailoring to local circumstances and in-advance training.

Conclusions:

Managers and staff were positive toward the World Health Organization Health Promotion Hospitals process, which was perceived to bring about positive changes and learnings. The findings also suggest that the implementation process may be improved by minor adjustments to process elements and design. It is our recommendation to use the process in clinical departments to further implementation of clinical health promotion.
Neoliberalism and the rhetorical invention of counterpublic attunement
Authors: Chaput Catherine
Published: August 2018

This article demonstrates the many seamless ways that multiple and diverse publics align their automatic, instinctual behaviors within the broad agenda of neoliberalism. Rather than surreptitiously crafting discourse to appeal to unconscious public dispositions, as neoliberalism does, it suggests that counterpublics consciously apply this technology to themselves. Specifically, it advocates that they forge a productive friction between rational critical thought and bodily habituation so as to reconstitute public orientations and open unexpected occasions for oppositional communication. This requires that scholars engage both traditional neoliberal critics and new materialist critics to tease out the embodied aspects of publics theory and infuse new materialism with an oppositional edge. Michel Foucault’s late lectures provide a theoretical and practical scaffolding for this practice of differently capacitating bodies. The article concludes by gesturing at how this public formation might further pull from underutilized rhetorical resources to expand the communicative possibilities of counterpublic production.
Navigating Systemic Therapy in Advanced Thyroid Carcinoma: From Standard of Care to Personalized Therapy and Beyond
Authors: Rao Sarika N , Cabanillas Maria E
Published: August 2018

Thyroid cancer, with the exception of anaplastic thyroid cancer, typically has very favorable outcomes with the standard therapy. However, those that persist, recur, or metastasize are associated with a worse prognosis. Targeted therapy with kinase inhibitors has shown promise in advanced cases of thyroid cancer, and currently five drug regimens are approved for use in clinical practice in the treatment of differentiated, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancer, with more options in the pipeline. However, one of the greatest dilemmas is when and how to initiate one of these drugs, and this is discussed herein.
Dynamic stability of the actin ecosystem
Authors: Plastino Julie , Blanchoin Laurent
Published: August 2018

In cells, actin filaments continuously assemble and disassemble while maintaining an apparently constant network structure. This suggests a perfect balance between dynamic processes. Such behavior, operating far out of equilibrium by the hydrolysis of ATP, is called a dynamic steady state. This dynamic steady state confers a high degree of plasticity to cytoskeleton networks that allows them to adapt and optimize their architecture in response to external changes on short time-scales, thus permitting cells to adjust to their environment. In this Review, we summarize what is known about the cellular actin steady state, and what gaps remain in our understanding of this fundamental dynamic process that balances the different forms of actin organization in a cell. We focus on the minimal steps to achieve a steady state, discuss the potential feedback mechanisms at play to balance this steady state and conclude with an outlook on what is needed to fully understand its molecular nature.
Congenital anomalies of the pulmonary arteries: an imaging overview
Authors: Escalon Joanna G , Browne Lorna P , Bang Tami J , Restrepo Carlos S , Ocazionez Daniel , Vargas Daniel
Published: August 2018

Congenital pulmonary artery anomalies represent a diverse group of abnormalities, ranging from asymptomatic incidental findings to causes of sudden cardiac death. While some may be recognized in childhood, others may be found incidentally in adulthood. We review the clinical and imaging findings in patients with congenital anomalies of the pulmonary arteries, including valvular and perivavular anomalies as well as abnormal narrowing, course and communications of the pulmonary arteries. We also discuss the role of various imaging modalities in the evaluation of these patients. It is vital to be aware of the key radiologic manifestations and associated haemodynamic consequences in these conditions in order to facilitate accurate diagnosis and prognostic stratification.
The biofilm eradication activity of acetic acid in the management of periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Tsang S. T. J. , Gwynne P. J. , Gallagher M. P. , Simpson A. H. R. W.
Published: August 2018

Objectives

Periprosthetic joint infection following joint arthroplasty surgery is one of the most feared complications. The key to successful revision surgery for periprosthetic joint infections, regardless of treatment strategy, is a thorough deep debridement. In an attempt to limit antimicrobial and disinfectant use, there has been increasing interest in the use of acetic acid as an adjunct to debridement in the management of periprosthetic joint infections. However, its effectiveness in the eradication of established biofilms following clinically relevant treatment times has not been established. Using an in vitro biofilm model, this study aimed to establish the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of acetic acid following a clinically relevant treatment time.

Materials and Methods

Using a methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) reference strain and the dissolvable bead assay, biofilms were challenged by 0% to 20% acetic acid (pH 4.7) for ten minutes, 20 minutes, 180 minutes, and 24 hours.

Results

The MBEC of acetic acid was found to be: 15%, 11%, 3.2%, and 0.8% following a ten-minute, 20-minute, 180-minute, and 24-hour treatment, respectively.

Conclusion

This study found that the MBEC of acetic acid following a 10- or 20-minute treatment time exceeded its safety threshold, making these concentrations unsuitable as a topical debridement adjunct. However, a clinically acceptable concentration (5%) was still found to eliminate 96.1% of biofilm-associated MSSA following a 20-minute treatment time. Cite this article: S. T. J. Tsang, P. J. Gwynne, M. P. Gallagher, A. H. R. W. Simpson. The biofilm eradication activity of acetic acid in the management of periprosthetic joint infection. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:517–523. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.78.BJR-2018-0045.R1
Ultrafast Cortical Gain Adaptation in the Human Brain by Trial-To-Trial Changes of Associative Strength in Fear Learning
Authors: Yuan Melissa , Giménez-Fernández Tamara , Méndez-Bértolo Constantino , Moratti Stephan
Published: August 2018

In fear conditioning, more efficient sensory processing of a stimulus (the conditioned stimulus, CS) that has acquired motivational relevance by being paired with an aversive event (the unconditioned stimulus, US) has been associated with increased cortical gain in early sensory brain areas (Miskovic and Keil, 2012). Further, this sensory gain modulation related to short-term plasticity changes occurs independently of aware cognitive anticipation of the aversive US, pointing toward implicit learning mechanisms (Moratti and Keil, 2009). However, it is unknown how quickly the implicit learning of CS–US associations results in the adaptation of cortical gain. Here, using steady-state visually evoked fields derived from human Magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings in two experiments (N= 33, 17 females and 16 males), we show that stimulus-driven neuromagnetic oscillatory activity increases and decreases quickly as a function of associative strength within three or four trials, as predicted by a computationally implemented Rescorla–Wagner model with the highest learning rate. These ultrafast cortical gain adaptations are restricted to early visual cortex using a delay fear conditioning procedure. Short interval (500 ms) trace conditioning resulted in the same ultrafast activity modulations by associative strength, but in a complex occipito-parieto-temporo-frontal network. Granger causal analysis revealed that reverberating top-down and bottom-up influences between anterior and posterior brain regions during trace conditioning characterized this network. Critically, in both delay and trace conditioning, ultrafast cortical gain modulations as a function of associative strength occurred independently of conscious US anticipation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn ever-changing environments, learned associations between a cue and an aversive consequence must change under new stimulus–consequence contingencies to be adaptive. What predicts potential dangers now might be meaningless in the next situation. Predictive cues are prioritized, as reflected by increased sensory cortex activity for these cues. However, this modulation also must adapt to altered stimulus–consequence contingencies. Here, we show that human visual cortex activity can be modulated quickly according to ultrafast contingency changes within a few learning trials. This finding extends to frontal brain regions when the cue and the aversive event are separated in time. Critically, this ultrafast updating process occurs orthogonally to aware aversive outcome anticipation and therefore relies on unconscious implicit learning mechanisms.
S-Nitrosylation of Divalent Metal Transporter 1 Enhances Iron Uptake to Mediate Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons and Motoric Deficit
Authors: Liu Chao , Zhang Cheng-Wu , Lo Shun Qiang , Ang Seok Ting , Chew Katherine Chee Meng , Yu Dejie , Chai Bing Han , Tan Bobby , Tsang Fai , Tai Yee Kit , Tan Bryce Wei Quan , Liang Mui Cheng , Tan Hwee Tong , Tang Jia Ying , Lai Mitchell Kim Peng , Chua John Jia En , Chung Maxey Ching Ming , Khanna Sanjay , Lim Kah-Leong , Soong Tuck Wah
Published: August 2018

Elevated iron deposition has been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the route of iron uptake leading to high deposition in the substantia nigra is unresolved. Here, we show a mechanism in enhanced Fe2+uptake via S-nitrosylation of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1). While DMT1 could be S-nitrosylated by exogenous nitric oxide donors, in human PD brains, endogenously S-nitrosylated DMT1 was detected in postmortem substantia nigra. Patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings and iron uptake assays confirmed increased Mn2+or Fe2+uptake through S-nitrosylated DMT1. We identified two major S-nitrosylation sites, C23 and C540, by mass spectrometry, and DMT1 C23A or C540A substitutions abolished nitric oxide (NO)-mediated DMT1 current increase. To evaluatein vivosignificance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was stereotaxically injected into the substantia nigra of female and male mice to induce inflammation and production of NO. The intranigral LPS injection resulted in corresponding increase in Fe2+deposition, JNK activation, dopaminergic neuronal loss and deficit in motoric activity, and these were rescued by the NO synthase inhibitorl-NAME or by the DMT1-selective blocker ebselen. Lentiviral knockdown of DMT1 abolished LPS-induced dopaminergic neuron loss.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuroinflammation and high cytoplasmic Fe2+levels have been implicated in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report the unexpected enhancement of the functional activity of transmembrane divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) by S-nitrosylation. We demonstrated that S-nitrosylation increased DMT1-mediated Fe2+uptake, and two cysteines were identified by mass spectrometry to be the sites for S-nitrosylation and for enhanced iron uptake. One conceptual advance is that while DMT1 activity could be increased by external acidification because the gating of the DMT1 transporter is proton motive, we discovered that DMT1 activity could also be enhanced by S-nitrosylation. Significantly, lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO)-mediated neuronal death in the substantia nigra could be ameliorated by usingl-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor, or by ebselen, a DMT1-selective blocker.
Editors and Reviewers Acknowledgement, 2(2), July-December, 2018
Authors: Team Editorial
Published: August 2018

The Journal of Medical Research and Innovation would like to thank each and every one who has helped us to review and edit the articles. As a small token of appreciation, we would like to mention the names of all the editors and reviewers in random order here who have edited or reviewed the articles for the July, 2018 issue. The list will be updated as when more reviewers review the articles.
Mineralogical features of the clastic dykes of the Eastern Carpathians Skybova zone
Authors: Аlokhin V. I. , Tikhlivets S. V. , Murovska A. V. , Puhach A. V.
Published: August 2018

We determined several areas with outcrops of clastic dikes which occur in the rocks of the Menilite suite of the Upper Paleogene period in the so-called Skybova zone [Ukr. Ски́ бова зо́на – the largest tectonic zone within the Carpathian folded structure. The word “skyba” derived from Polish, and is used in relation to nappe – Translator`s Note ] of the Eastern Carpathians. The objective of this article is to reveal the peculiarities of bedding, mineralogical composition and structural-texture peculiarities of the clastic dikes of the Sukyl, Stryi and Skhidnytsia river basins. During our research, we used the method of field structural-geological surveys, traditional method of laboratory analysis of mineralogical-petrographic composition of rocks in thin sections. As a result, we studied the conditions of bedding of clastic dikes, mineral composition and structural-texture peculiarities. We determined that the dikes are represented by aleuro-sandstone and aleurolite with quartz-carbonate cement. Aleurolite most often represents pre-selvage parts of dikes. Mineral grains are mostly formed by quartz of different degrees of roundness. In the selvages of the studied dikes, we observed a decrease in the sizes of mineral grains, enrichment of these parts of dikes by organic compound, increase in the content of carbonate minerals in the rock cement and numerous microdeformations of mineral grains. Also we determined an insignificant content of ore minerals in some studied plots. Additional analysis conducted for a polished sample which characterizes the vertical section of dike in the area of the river Sukyl allowed us to determine the structural signs in its selvages, indicating injection character of dikes` upward introduction to the bearing rocks. We studied the microdeformation of dikes` mineral grains, which are represented by veinles, microfaults and microshifts withclear mixing of their fragments. The obtained results indicate the formation of clastic dikes of the Skybova zone of the Eastern Carpathians in conditions of compression, when relatively flexible material of selvages of the dikes, represented by carbonates and organic compound, contributed to the introduction of the latter to the layer of flysch through the system of tectonic faults of north-west stretch.
Spatial dynamics of land cover in the Sdamas region (Tiaret, Algeria)
Authors: Azzaoui Mohamed , Maamar Benchohra , Soudani Leila , Nouar Belgacem , Berreyah Mohamed , Maatoug Mohamed
Published: August 2018

The Sdamas massif to which our contribution relates is located in West Algeria, it is an integral part of the Tiaret mountains. The aim of our study is to analyze the land cover of the Sdamas region over a 43-year interval grouped into 9 thematic classes: mineral surfaces (urban planning), wetland, vegetation, bare soils and fallow etc. The spatial and temporal dynamics of land use require regular monitoring of vegetation cover from remote sensing imagery. It is for this reason that we relied on field data to perform the diachronic analysis with three well-defined scenes 1972, 1998 and 2015, using Landsat satellite images (MSS, TM and ETM +). The analysis of these maps covering the same region shows the different changes that have taken place at ground level. We found that our natural plant space has undergone a strong degradation, disruption and regression because of different human activities, namely: overgrazing, clearing, fires, urbanization, (there has been a remarkable increase in the population of the communes of the study area). Inadequate and ineffective forestry interventionsand work, and lack of sustained protection are reasons of these processes. Factors affecting the forest ecosystem are bioclimate and human action. Indeed, the bioclimate, through atmospheric drought, is the main factor governing the diversity of these formations of the Sdamas mountains.
Петрографічне дослідження кам’яних стел доби енеоліту-бронзи з Полтавського краєзнавчого музею
Authors: Nikitenko I. S. , Suprunenko O. B. , Kutsevol M. L.
Published: August 2018

Встановлюється походження сировини кам’яних стел доби енеоліту-бронзи (IV – II тис. до н. е.) з Полтавського краєзнавчого музею імені Василя Кричевського. Досліджено п’ять статуй, серед яких найвідоміша кам’яна стела музею, що датується зазначеним періодом, – так званий Федорівський ідол, знайдений на території Карлівського району, дві стели з Кобеляцького та одна статуя з Кременчуцького району Полтавської області. Походження однієї стели докладно не відоме. За результатами вивчення зразків гірських порід установлено, що сировиною Федорівського ідола є кварцовий пісковик, що містить уламки кременю і вулканічної породи, а також має поровий глинисто-кременистий цемент. Матеріал решти стел визначено як плагіограніт. Один зразок є окварцований, решта представлена біотитовим плагіогранітом. За результатами порівняння сировини досліджених стел зі шліфами гірських порід із Середнього Подніпров’я і Донбасу, сировиною інших пам’яток, що датуються тим самим часом, атакож за літературними даними встановлено, що гранітні стели, найвірогідніше, мають місцеве походження, а саме з району м. Кременчук, де за доби енеоліту-бронзи розроблялися аналогічні породи. Сировина Федорівського ідола виявилася привізною і, найвірогідніше, була видобута на території центрального Донбасу, де існують відслонення аналогічних пісковиків. Важливий факт – те, що гірська порода, з якої виготовлено Федорівський ідол, відповідає сировині відомого Керносівського ідола, який датується тим самим часом і був знайдений на території Дніпропетровської області.
Екологічна та геологічна зумовленість поширення дерев і чагарників на девастованих землях Криворіжжя
Authors: Savosko V. , Lykholat Yu. , Domshyna K. , Lykholat T.
Published: August 2018

Протягом 2006–2017 років маршрутним та рекогносцирувальним методами встановили пооб’єктний флористичний склад деревних та чагарникових видів на теренах усіх різновидів девастованих земель Криворіжжя: бортах відпрацьованих кар’єрів, відвалах / териконах / кавальєрах, хвостосховищах, покинутих промислових майданчиках, зонах обвалення гірничорудних, металургійних, будівельних та цементних підприємств. Результати, висновки та рекомендації. На девастованих землях Криворіжжя виявлено 55 видів дерев та чагарників, які належать до 33 родів, 18 родин та одного відділу (Покритонасінні). Найбільш поширені – середньовибагливі до рівня зволоження та родючості ґрунтів, світлолюбні, інтродуковані види. Різноманіття екологічних умов девастованих земель, тривалість формування рослинного покриву на цих теренах зумовлюють збільшення кількості таксонів деревно-чагарникових видів та зменшення питомої ваги аборигенних видів. Кількість атмосферних опадів викликає тенденцію до збільшення питомої ваги чагарників. Території девастованих земель, що містять одночасно пухкі та скельні гірські породи, найбільш перспективні для створення деревно-чагарникових насаджень без попереднього нанесення шару родючого ґрунту. Мезо- та мікрозападини, нижня частина схилу, а також частина берм, що безпосередньо прилягає до схилу, – це найбільш перспективні місця, де доцільно починати створення таких насаджень. Рекомендовані перспективні види дерев та чагарників для фіторекультивації девастованих земель Криворіжжя та інших промислових регіонів. При цьому, деревні види є більш пріоритетними для фіторекультивації земель, які розташовані у північно-степовій зоні. В той час, як чагарникові видидоцільно використовувати для фіторекультивації в регіонах, котрі розташовані у центрально-степовій зоні. Добираючи види дерев та чагарників для створення насаджень на девастованих землях, необхідно також ураховувати можливість їх некерованого використання як джерела харчової та лікарської сировини.
HUMAN IMAGE IN CLASSICAL ISLAM AND SUFISM: PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: M. V. Nesprava
Published: August 2018

Purpose. The study aims to obtaine data about the human image in Islam through thought of the respective visions of both the classical directions of the Muslim religion and the attitudes of Islamic mysticism (Sufism). Achievement of this goal involves the application of methods such as philosophical analysis, comparative method, phenomenology, as well as the consistent solution of the following tasks: a) to analyze the main manifestations of anthropological ideas in Islam; b) to comprehend the specificity of Muslim ideas about a human in comparison with the corresponding Christian teaching; c) to consider disagreements between the interpretation of the essence and tasks of a human in the classical Islam and Sufism. Theoretical basis. The author proceedes from the unsatisfactory nature of the superficial interpretation of the human image in Islam, according to which a human is often expounded as a «slave of Allah», neglecting the multidimensionality of the metaphysical status of a human in Islam, as well as the polyparadigmality of the human image in various Islam directons. Originality. The author refines the human image in Islam in two aspects: first – in the aspect of his conceptual content and secondly – in the aspect of his paradigmatic diversity. Conclusions. The widespread beliefs among the researchers concerning the anthropological component of Islam are not sufficiently substantiated, since they often do not take into account the ambiguity and multidimensionality of the ideas of the Muslim religion towards a human. As it has been shown, the general Muslim ideas about the metaphysical status of a human include two dimensions – a human is interpreted as «the slave of Allah», as well as "the vicegerent of Allah". Within this perception of the human nature there are two various paradigms for interpreting the sphere of preferential fulfillment of a human's duties as the slave and the vicegerent. The first one is used by the classical Islam, it was called the externalistic paradigm. The internalistic paradigm is used by Sufism. The author presents that the theme of the human image in Islam is still not sufficiently studied and it requires further research. The comprehension of the existing in Salafist and Shiite varieties of Islam concerning the human nature interpretation and their essence and tasks are the most productive areas of such further research.
MODERNITY AND WAR: ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH IN POLEMOLOGY
Authors: Kravchenko A. A. , Starovoit O. V.
Published: August 2018

Introduction. To understand the causes of wars and conflicts that, unfortunately, increasingly embrace modern civilization, we need to use a multidisciplinary research approach. The most appropriate study, in this case, is “polemology” which provides multidisciplinary research of the nature and origins of violence. The problem of the mankind salvation, which N. Fedorov attempted to solve in the 19th century, lies in looking for a possibility to realize and change the nature of violence. Theoretical basis. In the study we used a systematic approach to identify the internal relationship between different types of violence and possible ways of violence counteracting. Originality. As a result of the systematization of modern research in polemology, we found that modern science is not able to influence the gene structure of aggression. For this reason, the problem of salvation of the mankind is entrusted to neural programming technologies and educational technologies, based on an anthropological approach. Conclusions. Setting clear boundaries or Rubicon, between coercion and violence (in the meaning of evil) is possible only in cases when mankind gives up its private interests and takes care of the future of the Earth civilization. The problem of the mankind salvation is connected with the existence and realization of the ideas and ideals common for all people of the Earth. It is not the subject of the national safety strategies, which are focused on saving, and development of the national and cultural interests. However, it is a matter of the whole Earth civilization safety which is focused on the “Noosphere” interests and mankind salvation in the situation of its confrontation with the powers of outer space. In comparison with the possible outer space hazards, international and local conflicts, confrontations and wars, lose their priority.
RECEPTION OF THE BIOGRAPHICAL METHOD IN HISTORICAL AND ANTHROPOGICAL STUDIES
Authors: Vlasova T. I. , Krivtchik G. G.
Published: August 2018

Purpose. To update the question of using the biographical method and establishing its interrelation with other scientific methods and methodological principles in historical and anthropological research. Theoretical basis. Consideration of the biographical method in historical and anthropological studios carried out in the course of the general theoretical "renaissance" of classical humanitarianism, which is largely due to the uncertainty and ambiguity of theoretical discourses and discursive practices of postmodernism, pose to the researcher a number of new tasks. Among them there is "discovery of the implicit" i.e. not just the description of the results of human cultural activity in the immediate given, but the disclosure of sometimes unconscious mechanisms of this activity, of the deep "springs" of culture that ensure its movement. Originality. The authors of this research do not touch on the sociological issues of biographical research, which are widely represented in the writings of contemporary Western researchers. The subject of our message is a biographical method that is genetically derived from Ch. A. Sainte-Beuve, who believed that the main task of the biographer is to carry out an analysis of the personality of a prominent person. The research in the realm of humanities in general and in civil history in particular should take into account not only the changes in the sociocultural aspects of being, but also the corresponding transformation of methodological approaches to the analysis of the epiphenomena of "fluid modernity". This obvious fact led us to an understanding of the need for a historiosophical study of the problem of reception of a biographical method in historical and anthropological works with the subsequent historical, philosophical, cultural representation of the biographical method. Conclusions. The historiosophical transformations of the last decades, with their radical change in concepts, methods and techniques, return the researcher to the improvement of the biographical methodology that today represents anthropocentrism, which fills the science with humanistic content. The use of this methodology requires from a scientist to adhere to the basic methodological principles and mastering other scientific methods, primarily dialectics.
A imagem da ciência e dos cientistas: retratos de um estudo na Universidade do Minho
Authors: Magalhães Ricardina , Ruão Teresa
Published: August 2018

A divulgação e disseminação da ciência dá-se em diferentes contextos e através de diversas atividades. Contudo, é na universidade onde a promoção da ciência tem mais potencial de impacto, nomeadamente pela exposição das pessoas aos eventos científicos realizados, às obras de cariz científico publicadas e ao contacto direto com investigadores. As atividades de divulgação criam representações mentais sobre a ciência junto dos públicos, que, no seu conjunto, dão origem a uma imagem mais ou menos estável. E dessa imagem resulta um certo nível de reconhecimento e um consequente apoio às atividades dos investigadores, e à ciência por inerência, pelas comunidades e decisores políticos.

Interessa, por isso, conhecer as perceções sobre a ciência, nomeadamente perceber a imagem que os estudantes do Ensino Superior têm da atividade científica – isto é, indivíduos jovens a viver num contexto privilegiado de contacto com a ciência. A esse propósito quisemos saber se os alunos de uma universidade têm consciência do permanente contacto com a ciência; o que constitui a ciência para esses estudantes; de que forma se pode levar os estudantes ao contacto positivo com ciência; de que modo podem os investigadores influenciar a imagem projetada da ciência; e como podem as instituições científicas influenciar a imagem percebida da Ciência juntos dos estudantes.

Para obter estas respostas, conduzimos um estudo-piloto através da aplicação de um questionário a alunos dos três ciclos de estudos da Universidade do Minho, em vários cursos de áreas científicas distintas. Em suma, procurámos perceber qual era a sua perceção/imagem da ciência e da investigação científica naquele contexto, na busca de orientações para um trabalho de qualidade na comunicação da ciência em Portugal.
La configuración invisible del espacio digital: el caso de Facebook
Authors: Cano-Orón Lorena , Llorca-Abad Germán
Published: August 2018

La neutralidad en la red no existe. El espacio digital puede ser adaptado de forma automática al perfil de cada usuario. Sin que este tenga que identificarse, las empresas de gestión de contenidos en Internet disponen de suficientes datos de cualquier individuo para poder filtrar los resultados de su búsqueda y personalizarlos, sin previo aviso, condicionando así su experiencia en la red. Esta investigación, de carácter exploratorio, aborda en primer lugar la descripción del espacio público digital. En segundo lugar, plantea una tipología de espacios digitales que se definen en función del grado de adaptación de los contenidos al usuario. Finalmente, presenta un análisis de caso de espacio social digital personalizado. Concretamente, el estudio se centra en el caso de Facebook y utiliza como referencia el experimento llevado a cabo por la red social Facebook, que implicó la alteración de los contenidos del News Feed de 689.000 personas.
Movimentos Sociais e Redes Sociais Virtuais em perspectiva comparada
Authors: Lamy Cláudia , Neto Pedro Pereira
Published: August 2018

As mais recentes tecnologias de produção, transmissão e acesso a informação tornaram possível, na presença das condições adequadas, alterar a visibilidade de algumas preocupações nacionais e internacionais, bem como dos movimentos sociais que muitas ajudaram a espoletar. Países mais ou menos democráticos, mais ou menos autoritários, têm sido colocados perante uma multiplicidade de protestos que, articulados online, ultrapassam as barreiras do mundo virtual e (re)assumem presença nas ruas.

Neste artigo, a partir de vários exemplos com diferentes bases de reivindicação, abordar-se-á o papel desempenhado pelas redes sociais virtuais nestas formas de participação política da sociedade civil à luz do seu contexto respectivo, ou seja, considerando igualmente o papel dos Meios Tradicionais de Comunicação e o dos fossos no acesso e utilização de meios digitais.