bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) Genel Kurulu’nun 14 Aralık 1954 Tarihli 750’nci Oturumu Işığında Türkiye’nin Kıbrıs Politikasının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Balıkçıoğlu Emrah
Published: September 2024

Kıbrıs’ın 1878 yılında İngiliz idaresine geçmesinden sonra adadaki Rum toplumu, İngiltere’den enosis (Yunanistan’la birleşme) talebinde bulunmaya başladı. Doğu Akdeniz ve Ortadoğu’daki varlık ve çıkarlarını koruma stratejisinde Kıbrıs’a önemli bir yer veren İngiltere ise bu talebe sürekli ret cevabı verdi. II. Dünya Savaşı’ndan (1939-1945) sonra Kıbrıslı Rumlar, enosis hedeflerine savaşın sonunda kurulan Birleşmiş Milletler’in (BM) Sözleşmesi’nde yer alan self-determinasyon (kendi kaderini tayin hakkı) ilkesi yoluyla ulaşabileceklerini düşündüler. Bu sebeple İngiltere’den ada halkına siyasî geleceğine karar verebilmesi için self-determinasyon hakkının tanınmasını istediler. Kıbrıslı Rumlar, İngiltere’ye bu yönde baskı yapmak için de BM’ye üye devletlerden biri olan Yunanistan’dan Kıbrıs meselesini söz konusu uluslararası örgütün gündemine taşımasını talep ettiler. İngiliz idaresinin ilk yıllarından beri adayı ilhak etmeyi arzulayan ve bu arzusunu gerçekleştirebilmek amacıyla birtakım faaliyetler yürütmekte olan Yunanistan, Kıbrıslı Rumların bu çabalarının da etkisiyle ada halkına kendi kaderini tayin hakkı tanınması talebiyle 1954 yılında BM’ye başvuruda bulundu. Anadolu’ya coğrafî yakınlığı, üç asır boyunca Osmanlı egemenliğinde kalmış olması ve bir Türk nüfusu barındırmasından dolayı Kıbrıs, Türkiye’nin de cumhuriyet rejiminin ilk yıllarından beri yakından ilgi duyduğu bir ada konumundaydı. Bu sebeple BM’deki Türk Daimî Temsilcisi Selim Sarper, BM Genel Kurulu’nun 14 Aralık 1954 tarihli 750’nci oturumunda bir konuşma yaparak Türkiye’nin Kıbrıs konusu hakkındaki resmî görüşünü açıkladı.
Vakit Gazetesi’ne Göre Hilafetin Kaldırılması Ve Osmanlı Hanedan Üyelerinin Yurt Dışına Çıkarılmaları
Authors: Karataş İsrafil
Published: September 2024

Türkiye’de, 1 Kasım 1922 tarihinde saltanat ile hilafet birbirinden ayrılmış ve yalnız hilafetin yaşamasına izin verilmiştir. Ancak hilafet kurumunun siyasi gücü elinden alınmış ve kurum, Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nin etkisi altına girmiştir. Cumhuriyetin ilan edilmesinden sonra hilafetin varlığı siyasi çevrelerde ve ulusal basında tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Muhafazakâr gruplar, hilafetin siyasi güce kavuşturularak varlığının devam ettirmesinin yararlı olacağını öne sürerken, hilafeti yeni rejimin önündeki en büyük engel ve tehlike olarak gören yeni rejim yanlıları hilafetin bir an önce kaldırılması gerekliliğini savunmuşlardır. Tartışmalar esnasında hilafet yanlıları İstanbul İstiklal Mahkemesi’nde yargılanmışlardır. Mevcut rejimin muhaliflere yönelik gizli tehdidi altında 3 Mart 1924’te hilafet kaldırılmış ve Osmanlı hanedan üyeleri yurt dışına çıkarılmışlardır. Bu süreçte Vakit Gazetesi, halkı hilafetin kaldırılması fikrine alıştıran, inkılaba zemin hazırlayan ve ona karşı gelecek olası tepkileri azaltıcı bir yayın politikası takip etmiştir. Hilafet meselesinde İngilizlerin müdahalesi olduğunu düşünen gazete, meseleyi yeni devletin bekası açısından ele alarak hem rejim muhaliflerini hem de halkı uyarma görevini üstlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; inkılapçı bir gazete olan Vakit Gazetesi’nin süreçteki tavrını, yayın politikasını ve üstlendiği rolünü irdelemektir. Bunun yanı sıra tüm sürecin öncesi ve sonrasıyla, gazeteye yansımalarını ortaya koymaktır. Makale hazırlanırken başta Vakit Gazetesi olmak üzere Meclis tutanakları, dönemin basını, hatıratlar, telif ve tetkik eserlerden yararlanılmıştır. Yöntem olarak da doküman analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır.
Büyük Selçukludan Osmanlıya İntikal Eden Tasavvuf Geleneği (Gazâlî’den Akşemseddin Hazretleri’ne)
Authors: Ocak Ahmet
Published: September 2024

Selçuklular, tarih sahnesine çıktıktan sonra sadece Sünnî İslâm dünyasının siyasî ve askerî lideri olmakla kalmamış; oluşturdukları ilmî ve fikrî yapı ile sonraki dönemler için de belirleyici olmuşlardır. Selçuklular döneminde oluşan tasavvuf anlayışı da bunlardan biridir. Selçuklular açtıkları medreselerle Sünnî İslâm düşüncesinin gelişmesine hizmet ederken, aynı paralelde olan Sünnî tasavvuf anlayışına da desteklemişlerdir. es-Sülemî, Kuşeyrî, Gazâlî es-Sühreverdî gibi dönemin sûfîleri tarafından başlatılan bu anlayış Şiî, Râfızî ve sapkın görüşlere karşı büyük başarı elde etmiştir.
Selçuklular döneminde başlayan bu düşünce sistemleşerek sonraki dönemlere kadar devam etmiştir. Özellikle İmam Gazâlî, Ahmed Gazâlî ve es-Sühreverdî yoluyla devam eden bu anlayış onların halifeleri tarafından devam ettirilerek Safiyyüddîn-i Erdebîlî, Hamîdüddin Aksarâyî ve Hacı Bayrâm-ı Velî yoluyla Akşemseddin Hazretleri’ne kadar ulaşmıştır. Bahsedilen sûfîler bir taraftan içinde bulundukları toplumun manevî yönden eğitilmesini sağlarken, diğer taraftan toplum bütünlüğünü korumuşlardır. Toplumda ortak hassasiyetlerin gelişmesini sağlayıp, ayrılıkçı ve yıkıcı fikirlerin yeşermesine izin vermemişlerdir. Bu durum, Selçuklular’dan başlayarak Osmanlılar dönemine kadar gelen Kur’an ve sünnete bağlı tasavvuf anlayışının temel karakteri olarak devam etmiştir.
Selçuklular’la birlikte başlayıp gelişen bu anlayış bir taraftan Sünnî İslâm’ın sapkın fikirlere karşı korunmasını sağlarken, diğer taraftan devletin temel misyonunuyla da paralellik arz ettiği için devleti yıkıcı ve bölücü fikirlere karşı korumada bir kalkan vazifesi görmüştür. Selçuklular’da Gazâlî ile başlayan bu düşünce, Osmanlılar’da Hacı Bayrâm-ı Velî ve Akşemseddin Hazretleri çizgisiyle devam ettirilmiş, böylece Sünnî anlayış doğrultusunda gelişen bu tasavvuf anlayışı aynı zamanda devletin yanında yer alarak onu sapkın fikirlere karşı koruma görevi üstlenmiştir.
Spuren Des 20. Jahrhunderts In den Beziehungen zwischen Der Europäischen Union Und Der Türkei Eine kritische Bewertung Zusammenfassung
Authors: Ercan Murat
Published: September 2024

Die Beziehungen zwischen der Europäischen Union (EU) und der Türkei haben im Laufe des 20. Jahrhunderts eine Reihe von Veränderungen durchlaufen und waren dabei mit verschiedenen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Diese Beziehungen begannen offiziell mit der Bewerbung der Türkei um eine Vollmitgliedschaft in die EU. Allerdings war der Prozess für die Vollmitgliedschaft langwierig und komplex, und aufgrund verschiedener Probleme konnte kein Fortschritt erzielt werden. Zu diesen Problemen gehören Menschenrechtsverletzungen, Demokratiedefizite, das Zypernproblem und wirtschaftliche Unterschiede. Zusätzlich haben die Erweiterungspolitik und die inneren Dynamiken der EU die Beziehungen ebenfalls beeinflusst. Darüber hinaus hat die ambivalente Politik der Europäischen Union dazu geführt, dass die Beziehungen komplex und widersprüchlich geworden sind. In dieser Arbeit mit dem Titel "Spuren des 20. Jahrhunderts in den Beziehungen zwischen der Europäischen Union und der Türkei; Eine kritische Bewertung" werden ausschließlich die Türkei-EU-Beziehungen des 20. Jahrhunderts analysiert. In der Arbeit wird die Beziehung zwischen den Parteien wie die Beziehung zwischen zwei entgegengesetzten Geschlechtern diskutiert. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Arbeit in zwei Unterkapitel unterteilt: "Die Zeit des Kennenlernens in den Türkei-EU-Beziehungen; Entstehung der Partnerschaftsbeziehung im Rahmen politischer Auseinandersetzungen (1959-1980)" und "Die Verlobungsphase in den Türkei-EU-Beziehungen; Diplomatische Turbulenzen und Annäherungen (1980-1999)", in denen die Entwicklungen diskutiert werden. In dieser kritischen Bewertung werden unter Berücksichtigung der gegenseitigen Interessen und gemeinsamen Ziele der EU und der Türkei untersucht, in welche Richtung die Errungenschaften der Türkei im 20. Jahrhundert tendieren.
Osmanlı Doğu Sınırında Bir Ticaret Bölgesi: 19. Yüzyıl Sonlarında Şemdinan’da Tütün Üretimi ve Satışı
Authors: Şahin Emine
Published: September 2024

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda tütün kısa zamanda rağbet edilen bir tarım ürünü haline gelmiş ve devletin en önemli gelir kalemlerinden birini teşkil etmiştir. 19. yüzyıl Osmanlı’sında tütün üretimi yapılan yerlerden bir tanesi İran’a komşu olan ve Hakkâri sancağına bağlı Şemdinan kazası olmuştur. Bölgede yetiştirilen tütün, iklime uygun, güzel kokusu ve geniş yapraklı olmasından dolayı kendine özgü yapısıyla bilinen Şemdinan tütünüdür. Şemdinan tütününün vergisi ise Reji İdaresi’nin görevlileri tarafından toplanmış ve vergiyi ödemeyi reddedip karşı çıkanlar Osmanlı idaresine şikâyet edilmişlerdir. Buna karşılık Reji yetkililerinin bazı uygulamaları bölgede tepkiyle karşılanmış ve kimi zaman görevliler ile Şemdinan’daki duhan mültezimi aileler arasında çatışmalar yaşanmıştır. Ayrıca tütünler Şemdinan’a sınır olan İran’daki alıcılara götürülürken aksamalar yaşanmış ve ticaret kervanlarının geçtiği yerlerdeki bazı aşiretler Şemdinanlı tüccarların mallarına el koymuştur. Bu çalışma Osmanlı arşiv materyallerinden yola çıkarak 19. yüzyılda Şemdinan’daki tütün üretimi ve ticaretinin bölge üzerindeki sosyal ve ekonomik dengeleri nasıl etkilediğini anlatmaktadır. Ayrıca Osmanlı’nın önemli bir gelir kaynağı olan tütünün bir sınır bölgesinde meydana getirdiği hareketlilik üzerinde durulmaktadır.
XVI. Yüzyılda Podgoriçe Kazâsı’nda İdari, Sosyal ve Demografik Yapı
Authors: Öztürk Yılmaz Şenay
Published: September 2024

Günümüzde Karadağ’ın başkenti ve ülkenin en büyük şehri olan Podgoriçe, Osmanlı idaresinde Rumeli Eyaleti’nde yer alıyordu. Bir serhat şehri olması, önemli ticaret yolları üzerinde bulunması, verimli arazileri şehri her dönem önemli kıldı. Venedik ve Osmanlılar arasında hâkimiyet mücadelesine sahne olan şehir, Fatih Sultan Mehmed döneminde fethedilerek 1479 yılında kurulan İskenderiye (İşkodra) Sancağı’na bağlandı. Dağlık ve savunması zor bir mevkide bulunması, Osmanlıları Podgoriçe ve civarında birçok kale yapmaya, bu kaleleri tahkim etmeye sevk etti. Podgoriçe Şehri, köprüleri, nehirleri, kaleleri ve muazzam tabii güzellikleri ile Adriyatik kıyısında yer alan dikkat çeken bir şehirdi.
Bu çalışmada Podgoriçe Kazası’nın XVI. yüzyılda Osmanlı idaresindeki durumu incelenecektir. Şehir merkezinin ve kırsal alanın idari, demografik ve sosyal yapısı hakkında bilgi verilecek, tespit edilen bilgiler sebep-sonuç ilişkisi bağlamında değerlendirilmeye çalışılacaktır. Çalışmada birinci el kaynaklardan tahrir ve mühimme defterleri kullanılmıştır. Osmanlı hâkimiyetinde Podgoriçe ve çevresi ile ilgili çalışmaların azlığı dikkat çekicidir. Bu bağlamda çalışma ile bölge tarihine katkı sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır.
İstanbul’un İşgaline Sebîlürreşâd (Sırât-ı Müstakîm) Dergisinden Tepkiler
Authors: Oguzhan Esra
Published: September 2024

İstanbul, tarih boyunca Roma, Bizans ve Osmanlı Devleti’ne başkentlik etmiş bir şehir olmuştur. İstanbul’un 30 Ekim 1453 tarihinde fethi sonrası İstanbul ve İstanbul Boğazı, yüzyıllar boyu Rusya, İngiltere ve Fransa başta olmak üzere büyük devletlerin mücadele konusu haline gelmiştir. Yeni kaynak ve sömürge elde etme mücadelesi ile güçlenmeyi amaçlayan XIX. yüzyıl başında Batılı devletlerin bu amaçlarını gerçekleştirmek üzere ittifak kurması ile I. Dünya Savaşı kapısı aralanmıştır. Bir taraftan İngiltere, Fransa, Rusya, İtalya ve ABD diğer taraftan Almanya, Avusturya-Macaristan, Bulgaristan ve Osmanlı Devleti ittifak kurduğu bu savaşta Osmanlı Devleti ve müttefikleri yenilgiye uğramıştır. Savaşın sonunda Osmanlı Devleti ile İtilaf devletleri arasında Mondros Ateşkes Antlaşması 30 Ekim 1918 tarihinde imzalanmış ve adı geçen bu anlaşmanın 7. maddesinde Osmanlı Devleti’nin herhangi bir bölgesinde ortaya çıkacak bir karışıklıkta işgal edilebileceği ifade edilmiştir. Antlaşmanın imzalanmasından hemen sonra 13 Kasım 1918 tarihinde İstanbul’un tedbir amaçlı, 16 Mart 1920 tarihinde ise fiili işgali gerçekleşmiş 6 Ekim 1923 tarihine kadar İstanbul Fransa, İngiltere ve Yunanistan işgali altında kalmıştır. Söz konusu işgal, ulusal ve yabancı basında büyük yankı uyandırmıştır. Araştırmamızın amacı, Osmanlı Devleti’ne yaklaşık 500 sene başkentlik yapmış bir şehrin işgaline basının ağır sansür altında nasıl tepki verdiğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla çalışmamıza ulusal basında uzun yıllar söz sahibi olan, İstiklal Marşı şairi Mehmet Akif Ersoy’un da başyazarlığını yaptığı hem İstanbul hem Anadolu basınını temsil eden yayımı Sebîlürreşâd (Sırât-ı Müstakîm) konu olmuştur. Araştırmamızda Sebîlürreşad (Sırat-ı Müstakim) dergisinin ilgili yılları taranarak İstanbul işgali konulu makale, şiir ve haberler tespit edilerek içerik analizi yöntemi ile sonuç ortaya konmuştur.
Enhancing supply chain resilience through risk mitigation strategies: Evidence from smallholder red chili supply chains in East Java Indonesia
Authors: Kusmiati Ati , Aji Joni Murti Mulyo , Hani Evita Soliha , Hariyono Kacung
Published: September 2024

The cultivation of red chili in East Java, Indonesia, has significant economic and social impacts, necessitating proactive supply chain measures. This research aimed to identify priority risk agents, develop effective risk mitigation, and enhance supply chain resilience using the SCOR model, House of Risk, Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM), and synthesis analysis. Examining 238 respondents—including farmers, collectors, wholesalers, retailers, home-agroindustries, and experts—the findings highlight farmers’ critical role in supply chain resilience despite risks from crop failures, weather fluctuations, and pest infestations. Simultaneous planting led to market oversupply and price drops, but accurate pricing information facilitated quick market adaptation. Wholesalers influenced pricing dynamics and income levels, impacting farmers directly. To improve resilience, three main strategies were developed through ten key elements: proactive strategies (real-time SCM tracking, Weather Early Warning Systems, risk management team formation, and training), resistance strategies (partnerships, chili stock reserves, storage and drying technologies, GAP implementation, post-harvest management, agricultural insurance, and Fair Profit Sharing Agreements), and recovery and growth strategies (flexible distribution channels and customizable distribution centers). Furthermore, the study delves into the mediating and moderating effects between variables within the model. This research not only addresses a knowledge gap but also provides stakeholders with evidence to consider new strategies to enhance red chili supply resilience.
Risk assessment of public-private partnership water projects in Indonesia
Authors: Rahman Herawati Zetha
Published: September 2024

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are vital for infrastructure development in developing countries, integrating private efficiency with public oversight. However, PPP models often face risks, particularly in Indonesia’s water sector, due to its unique geographical and regulatory challenges. This study aims to identify and evaluate risk factors specific to drinking water PPP projects in Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach, structured questionnaires were distributed to experts in the sector, and the data was analyzed using a fuzzy evaluation method. Risks were categorized into location, design and construction, financial, operational, revenue, and political. The study emphasizes that effective risk management, including identification, analysis, and mitigation, is essential for project success. It highlights the importance of stakeholder involvement and flexible risk management strategies. Comprehensive and proactive risk management is key to the success of drinking water infrastructure projects. The research suggests that an integrated and collaborative approach among stakeholders can enhance risk management effectiveness. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, project managers, investors, and other stakeholders, underscoring the necessity for adaptable regulatory frameworks and robust policy guidelines to improve the sustainability and efficacy of future water-related PPPs.
Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Aspect Ratio on the Hydrodynamic Performance of a Semi-Planing Catamaran
Authors: Moghaddas AliAsghar , Zeraatgar Hamid
Published: September 2024

A semi-planing catamaran is a type of marine craft that benefits from high speed, in conjunction with the its inherent characteristics such as a large deck and high transverse stability. The aspect ratio, length over the beam of a demi-hull, significantly affects the hydrodynamic performance of this vessel. In this study, the effects of the aspect ratio on the hydrodynamic performance of a semi-planing catamaran in calm water and waves are investigated using numerical simulations. The numerical simulation of the AUT-SEM00 model itself is validated by its model test results. The results show that increasing the aspect ratio significantly increases the wetted surface, and that the increase in resistance in calm water is negligible. In addition, increasing the aspect ratio radically reduces the amplitude of vertical acceleration in waves at the center of gravity by up to 85%. Consequently, the seakeeping performance is considerably improved, and the risk to crew and equipment is reduced.
Evaluation of a Small Inland Ferry’s Energy Requirements from the Acceleration Stage of Towing Tank Model Tests
Authors: Kunicka Magdalena , Wrzask Klaudia , Litwin Wojciech , Grygorowicz Mirosław , Zeratgaar Hamid
Published: September 2024

Computing the power required to meet a ship’s operational needs is one of the most important tasks in naval design. The power required to propel a vessel is directly related to the resistance the hull experiences as it moves through the water. The conventional method of determining a ship’s resistance involves towing tank tests of ship models at a fixed speed; however, for short-range vessels, where constant speed is not the primary mode of operation, a dynamic model is needed. This paper demonstrates a way in which different operational motion profile models can be retrieved from the acceleration stage of towing tank tests. We show that the data from the acceleration stage, often overlooked in towing tank tests, allow us to derive the gliding equations of motion. A dynamic model of a small inland ferry on the Motława River in the city of Gdańsk is developed, which enables optimisation of the required power based on different operation profiles.
Experimental Study of a Puncture Warning System for a Jack-Up Offshore Platform
Authors: Liu Zailiang , Li Xiaobin , Song Yuelin , Xie Yonghe , Li Detang
Published: September 2024

During the operation of jack-up offshore platforms, the complex and variable seabed geological conditions involved can lead to serious accidents, such as pile leg punctures and platform tilt. The aim of this study is to introduce an early warning method for punctures that ensures the operational safety of these platforms. To accomplish this, a real-time monitoring and controlling system is designed using a programmable logic controller that shares data from sensors measuring displacement, tilt, and pressure. In addition, an experimental device is constructed to simulate a jack-up offshore platform in order to assess the safety response of the control system. The working state of the platform under different working conditions (puncture of one independent pile, same side or diagonal piles, and three-pile linkage) is evaluated by analysing the structural motion response, including platform tilt and foundation pressure. The findings reveal that the system developed in this study accurately detects the tilt condition of the offshore platform, and can ensure the operational safety of jack-up offshore platforms.
Study of Predictive Control Model for Cooling Process of Mark III LNG Bunker
Authors: Bao Guozhi , Qin Weiguang , Jiang Qingfeng , Pu Chunrong
Published: September 2024

When loading liquefied natural gas (LNG) onto a dual-fuel LNG container ship fuelled by LNG, there is a considerable temperature difference between LNG and the fuel tank at room temperature. The current solution is to pre-cool the tank with LNG through a spray line but the cooling process, if not correctly handled, can result in excessive cooling rates and Boil-Off Gas (BOG), which can expose the tank to increased temperature stress and gas pressure. Therefore, this paper takes the Mark III fuel tank of a specific type of LNG container ship as the object and realises a real-time predictive control system by writing a UDF (User Defined Function) to simulate and analyse the influence of LNG spray rate on the change of cooling effect, cooling time and cooling cost under the unidirectional LNG spray cooling mode. Compared with the results of the fuel tank gas experiment, the deviation of numerical model simulation results is less than 5%. Under the same cooling rate, the real-time control scheme can achieve a more uniform cooling rate and reduce the total LNG consumption by 25%. With the increase in LNG cooling rate, the cooling time, LNG usage, and the total BOG exhaust volume all decrease; however, the decreased range gradually decreases as well. The results of this paper provide parameters and suggestions for optimising and improving the LNG fuel tank cooling monitoring and control system.
A Study on the Effects of Cold Deformation on CMnSi Steel Structures Utilised in the Shipbuilding Industry
Authors: Nguyen Van Nhanh , Nguyen Duong Nam , Kozak Janusz , Nguyen Xuan Phuong , Nguyen Dinh Tuyen
Published: September 2024

This article analyses the effects of deformation on the structure of CMnSi steel at various deformation levels. After hot forging, the structure of CMnSi steel comprises coarse-sized alpha and pearlite particles. The average grain size of steel after forging was 100 μm. After hot rolling, the grain size gradually decreases, with the average size of the ferrite and pearlite grains measured as 60 μm. After that, CMnSi steel was subjected to cold deformation at levels of 40%, 60%, and 80%. The grain size of the CMnSi steel sample after 80% cold deformation reached level 7, corresponding to about 25 μm. For a deformation level of 40%, the grain size was level 5, corresponding to 40 μm, while a deformation level of 60% produced a grain size of 35 μm, corresponding to level 6. In addition, scanning electron microscopy showed that after 80% deformation, smaller particles with a size of about 5 μm appear inside the parent particles. Moreover, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed the carbide appearance in the form M23C6, with M being a mixture of Fe and Mn. These carbides have a fine size of about 1–2 μm and contribute to the prevention of particle growth during subsequent heat treatments.
A Heterogeneous Glider System with Underwater Acoustic Communication and Positioning
Authors: Zhang Xiaochuan , Jia Shuyang , Zou Sichen , Liu Baoheng
Published: September 2024

Autonomous underwater vehicles are increasingly frequently used in the fields of ocean observation, data collection, and tactical surveillance. Underwater navigation and near real-time communication are the most important factors limiting the performance of these vehicles. In this article, an underwater acoustic communication and positioning system (UACPS) based on heterogeneous gliders is presented. The system consists of an acoustic wave glider and an acoustic underwater glider, and includes an ultrashort baseline and an acoustic modem. The program and communication protocol of the communication and positioning algorithm are independently developed, and the hardware circuit design of the communication and ultra-short baseline positioning, as well as the embedded surface wave gliders and gliders are independently implemented. Sea trial results indicate that the communication distance of the system is more than 3 km and the positioning error is less than 5%. With the further improvement of system performance, the low cost, long time, long distance and near real-time communication characteristics of our UACPS can be used to integrate multiple autonomous unmanned platforms as part of intelligent surveillance robot networks.
Life Experiences of Young People Who Are Neither In Education or Employment: A Qualitative Research
Authors: Tekindal Melike , Şentürk Tolga , Aydoğan Ümit
Published: September 2024

Problem The fact that the young population, which represents the most active and productive segment of the country, is far from working life directly affects the future of the country.
Purpose: To deeply examine the life experiences of young adults who are not included in education and working life, to reveal the difficulties they face and what needs to be done to participate in education and working life.
Method: This study is a qualitative research and in-depth interviews were conducted with the participants and thematic content analysis was used in its analysis. 41 volunteer young adults determined by the snowball sampling method participated in the research.
Findings: Our research findings revealed that the young adults who participated in the research could not continue their education, had a lack of experience, and felt bad and incomplete. Among the findings, it was highlighted that young adults attended vocational courses and looked for jobs in order to ensure their personal development.
Conclusion It has been revealed that current programs aimed at the participation of young adults in education and working life should be improved and that the financial support that young people need in this process should be provided by state institutions.
Originality/Value: This study makes an extremely important contribution to the literature in terms of making the life experiences of young people who are not included in education and working life visible. The results of this research have proven that programs for young people need to be developed.
Keywords: Education, Employment, Unemployment, Young Adults
Die Schweizer Armee im Zeitalter der Illusionen, 1990–2023 - Schrittweiser Niedergang der Verteidigungsfähigkeit
Authors: Mantovani Mauro
Published: September 2024

Wie steht es um die Schweizer Armee? Was bewirkten die vier – jeweils unvollendet gebliebenen – Reformen der letzten Jahrzehnte? Der Autor zeigt, wie die Schweizer Armee von einer tief in der Gesellschaft verankerten Grossorganisation zur Vorbereitung des bewaffneten Kampfes umgestaltet wurde – zu einer Hilfsorganisation für die zivilen Behörden. Einzig die Luftwaffe ist heute noch zu beschränkten, unabhängigen Aktionen fähig. Er setzt die organisatorischen Veränderungen in einen Zusammenhang mit den Hauptwaffensystemen, der Kampfdoktrin und der Ausbildung und zeichnet einen tiefgreifenden Wandel des Kriegsbildes der politisch-militärischen Führung nach, die sich der heute dramatischen «Fähigkeitslücken» immer bewusst war. Quellen des konzise gefassten Überblickswerks sind unter anderem erstmals freigegebene Bestände des Schweizerischen Bundesarchivs und die Befragung von Zeitzeugen.
MEMBACA MA’RIFATU MUKHTALIF AL-HADIS DALAM KITAB AL-TAQYID WA AL-IDHAH SYARH MUQADDIMAH IBN SHALAH KARYA AL-IRAQI
Authors: Nurdin Rahmat
Published: September 2024

Tulisan ini mencoba menelusuri kitab al-Taqyid wa al-Idhah Syarh Muqaddimah Ibn Shalah karya al-Iraqi yang didalamnya terdapat 50 macam cara pentarjihan dalam menyelesaikan Muktalif al-Hadis. Dengan mennggunakan kajian pustaka Library Research penulis membaca lebih jauh bagaimana al-Iraqaqi dalam menyelesaikan hadis-hadis yang mukhtalif/bertentangan. HasilnyaAl-Iraqi dalam al-Taqyid wa al-Idhah Syarh Muqaddimah Ibn Shalah memaparkan sekian banyak cara pentarjihan, akan tetapi tidak menjelaskan secara konfrehensif berbagai cara tersebut. Namun setidaknya dengan mengelaborasi beberapa pendapat dari ulama sedikit dapat memahami mukhtalif al-hadis melalui cara pentarjihan yang disodorkan oleh al-Iraqi. Mengkompromikan suatu hadis yang terlihat bertentangan merupakan metode yang lebih baik. Karena dengan itu kita bisa memahami suatu hadis secara lebih dinamis, kontekstual tanpa terjebak dalam pemahaman secara tekstual seperti yang banyak terjadi dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Kata Kunci: Kitab, al-Iraqi, Mukhtalif al-Hadis
ILMU PENGETAHUAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QURAN DAN PENTINGNYA MENJADI PENUNTUT ILMU
Authors: Isman Nofa , H Lola Hervina
Published: September 2024

Pedoman dan petunjuk bagi umat Islam adalah al-Quran. Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu mendeskripsikan tentang ilmu pengetahuan dalam perspektif al-Qur’an, apa urgensi menuntut ilmu dan bagaimana menjadi seorang penuntut ilmu beserta janji Allah terhadap orang yang memiliki ilmu. Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian pustaka sebagai metode. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian adalah ilmu pengetahuan dalam sudut pandang al-Quran maksudnya adalah menggali atau menemukan suatu pengetahuan dalam hal apapun untuk diketahui atau menerangkan gejala-gejala tertentu pada hal tersebut dalam mengetahui kebenarannya dari sudut pandang al-Qur’an. Sedangkan urgensi dan pentingnya menjadi seorang penuntut ilmu adalah karena manusia dilahirkan tanpa memiliki dan mengetahui apapun maka dengan menuntut ilmu dapat mengangkatnya dari kebodohan, menjadi pewaris nabi, memiliki keistimewaan  yaitu Allah menyamakan atau mensejajarkan persaksian mereka dengan  persaksian-Nya dan persaksian para malaikat  yaitu persaksian tauhid  persaksian akan keesaan Allah Ta’ala.
TAKHRIJ AL-HADIS TENTANG LARANGAN MEMINTA KEMBALI PEMBERIAN
Authors: Hasibuan Marito , Putra Bilfahmi
Published: September 2024

Sumber hukum tertinggi setelah al-Qur’an adalah Hadis, sehingga membuat hadis sangat penting untuk diteliti dan dikaji. Penelitian hadis menyangkut isi atau konten di dalamnya yang terkait dengan orisinalitas atau otentisitas hadis. Untuk mengetahui otentisitas dan orisinalitas hadis maka perlu dilakukan penelitian sanad dan penelitian matan atau yang sering dikenal dengan istilah naqd al-Sanad dan naqd al-Matan. Di sini peneliti akan mengkaji hadis tentang larangan meminta kembali pemberian. Fenomena di masyarakat banyak yang meminta kembali pemberian, padahal hadis Nabi sudah melarang akan hal tersebut. Pada tulisan ini, peneliti akan fokus melihat hadis tersebut dari segi sanad dan matannya, sehingga diketahui kualitas hadis tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan corak kepustakaan. Artinya sumber utama dalam penelitian ini adalah hadis Nabi, kitab-kitab hadis dan sumber lain yang relevan dengan pembahasan. Dari hasil penelitian, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa hadis tentang larangan meminta kembali pemberian terdapat dalam lima jalur, yaitu Abu daud, Tirmidzi, An-Nasa’i, Ahmad dan Ibnu Majah. Dari penelitian sanad dan matan hadis dari jalur Tirmidzi hadis tersebut berstatus shahih.
POLEMIK PRAKTIK SAWERAN KEPADA PEMBACA AL-QUR’AN (Telaah Etika Interaksi dengan al-Qur’an)
Authors: Enghariano Desri Ari
Published: September 2024

Al-Qur’an is a holy book that is very sacred for a muslim person. They are commanded to read, study, understand, and venerate it. However, the sacredness of the Qur’an has been tarnished recently by the uncivilized behavior of some muslims. One of the actions that contaminates the sacredness of the Qur’an and insults its glory is an action called saweran to the reader of the Qur’an. The practice of saweran is very concerning, because it has become a tradition or culture in several regions. There is no longer any difference between singer and expert ont the Qur’an. Therefore, research and study of ethics to the Qur’an and Qur’an experts are still relevant and urgent to study.This research is library research, namely research using written materials, such as books, journals, magazines, and so on. This research is a qualitative research of interpretation and presentation of data by means of descriptive-analytic method. Thematic method is the choice in completing this research. The results of this research indicate that muslims should leran more about the ethics of interaction with the Qur’an and Qur’an experts. Reading the Qur’an begins with brushing your teeth and reciting it solemnly. The experts of the Qur’an must be glorified and respected. Al-Qur’an teachers must be sincere in their intentions, gentle with their students, and enthusiastic. Al-Qur’an students must be study with the right teacher, respect their teacher, and be enthusiastic. The memorizes of the Qur’an must guard againts disgraceful occupations, have a noble soul, not be greedy for worldly possessions, and not joke too much.
DINAMIKA HAK ASASI MANUSIA: KAJIAN BENTURAN NORMA AGAMA DAN BUDAYA DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Sikumbang Hasiah , Karni Awis , Ashad Andri , Siregar Sawaluddin , Sikumbang Hardi
Published: September 2024

Artikel ini menggali dinamika Hak Asasi Manusia dengan fokus pada kajian benturan norma agama dan budaya dalam perspektif Al-Quran. Terjadinya benturan norma agama dan budaya mengenai Hak Asasi Manusia dalam perspektif Al-Quran menimbulkan dinamika yang kompleks sehingga memerlukan pemahaman yang mendalam dan pendekatan yang inklusif. Perspektif ini melibatkan ketegangan antara prinsip-prinsip universal Hak Asasi Manusia dan norma-norma lokal yang tertanam kuat dalam ajaran agama dan budaya. Untuk mengatasi tantangan-tantangan ini, diperlukan penafsiran ulang dan pemahaman mendalam terhadap ajaran-ajaran Al-Quran untuk memfasilitasi kesepakatan dan keselarasan antara nilai-nilai agama dan prinsip-prinsip Hak Asasi Manusia universal. Dialog terbuka, pendidikan, dan kesadaran masyarakat muncul sebagai instrumen penting untuk merumuskan solusi yang menghormati kesejahteraan budaya sekaligus menjunjung tinggi prinsip-prinsip Hak Asasi Manusia. Penelitian ini merupakan wawasan pustaka yang diambil dari jurnal, artikel, dan buku yang relevan. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun ada ketegangan, Al-Quran memberikan landasan untuk melindungi hak-hak minoritas, memberdayakan perempuan, dan beradaptasi dengan perubahan sosial dan nilai-nilai budaya. Dinamika ini memerlukan kolaborasi dan kompromi untuk mencapai keseimbangan yang mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai agama, norma budaya, dan prinsip Hak Asasi Manusia dalam menciptakan masyarakat yang adil dan inklusif.
KEDUDUKAN MADZI DAN MANI DALAM ISLAM DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONTEMPORER
Authors: Pahutar Agus Anwar , Siregar Neila Hifzhi
Published: September 2024

Tulisan ini menjelaskan status hukum air mani dan madzi dalam Islam dengan pendekatan kontemporer. Air madzi dan mani adalah cairan tubuh yang memiliki relevansi dalam konteks kesehatan reproduksi, etika seksualitas, dan pandangan agama. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk memahami bagaimana pandangan-pandangan ini berkembang dalam masyarakat Islam modern yang dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan sains, teknologi, dan perubahan sosial.Tulisan ini menggunakan studi literatur yang meliputi teks agama seperti Al-Quran dan Hadis, karya-karya ulama klasik, dan pemikiran Islam kontemporer. Selain itu, penelitian juga mempertimbangkan perspektif kesehatan reproduksi, etika seksualitas, dan hak asasi manusia dalam kaitannya dengan air mani dan madzi.Konklusinya menunjukkan bahwa ada beragam pandangan dalam masyarakat Muslim tentang status hukum air mani dan madzi dalam konteks kontemporer. Beberapa individu dan komunitas mungkin memandangnya dari sudut pandang kesehatan reproduksi, sementara yang lain mungkin lebih berfokus pada aspek-aspek etika seksualitas. Selain itu, pandangan agama Islam juga memainkan peran penting dalam pemahaman tentang isu-isu ini. Penelitian ini juga menggaris bawahi pentingnya dialog antara ulama, praktisi kesehatan, dan individu Muslim dalam memahami dan menginterpretasikan hukum Islam dalam konteks modern. Hal ini akan membantu mempromosikan pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif tentang bagaimana Islam memandang isu-isu ini, sambil memastikan bahwa nilai-nilai etika, kesehatan reproduksi, dan hak asasi manusia juga diperhatikan dengan baik.Narasai ini diharapkan berkontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang bagaimana agama, etika, dan ilmu pengetahuan dapat berbaur dalam memahami isu-isu yang kompleks ini dalam konteks masyarakat Islam kontemporer. Hal ini diharapkan dapat memberikan panduan yang lebih relevan bagi individu Muslim yang hidup di era modern ini dalam menghadapi tantangan dan pertanyaan seputar air mani, madzi, dan wadi.
NORMA QUR’ANI DALAM INTERPRETASI AYAT PRODUKSI
Authors: Enghariano Desri Ari , Aini Ihdi
Published: September 2024

The role of production is very vital in determining human living standards and the welfare of a nation. The Quran has created a very strong foundation regarding production. The Quran and hadith show many examples when ordering Muslims to work hard in earning a living, so that their lives can continue in a better position. However, the reality that occurs in production matters is that there are still many violations of the norms established by the Quran. For example, in terms of production principles and objectives, the facts that occur are very far from the spirit of justice and benefit. In the matter of production factors, the visible reality is that capital is still not free from interest, it is still in contact with usury. The same thing happens to the workforce, profits are still the absolute right of the capital owner. Many land uses are still carried out in arbitrary ways that are detrimental to society. All of the inequality that occurs is caused by ignoring Islamic norms that originate from the Quran.This research is included in the scope of humanities studies which can be researched through literature (library research). Whatever research is carried out, the subject cannot be separated from literature or books and documents. By its nature, the research written is qualitative research. The results of this research explain that Muslim humans in production activities must pay attention to Qur'anic norms, namely based on justice, must not be unjust to other parties, professional in work, Production needs to be controlled by faith and piety, and production activities must have beneficial value.
KONSEP MAHAR DALAM AL-QUR’AN DAN RELEVANSINYA DALAM MASA KE KINIAN
Authors: Mrd Misbah
Published: September 2024

A dowry is an obligatory gift according to the majority of scholars, so that in marriage a husband is obliged to give a dowry to his wife. The dowry is not a symbol of buying and selling, but a symbol of respect for women and a symbol of love. The details of the dowry are not explicitly stated in the text. This research aims to explain the dowry in the Al-Qur'an and its relevance in today's times. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data sources used are literature, books and scientific journals. The research results show that dowry in the Al-Qur'an does not mention the amount of dowry but is based on the ability of the man without demeaning the woman.
INTERPRETASI AYAT-AYAT SYIFA DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP KESEHATAN MASA KINI
Authors: Novanto Riza Awal , Zakka Umar , Nugraha Aat Ruchiat , Mrd Misbah
Published: September 2024

This research is about the interpretation of Wahbah Az-Zuhaili related to the Syifa' verses and how relevant they are in current health phenomena. This research is a type of library research, in which data collection is used to search and examine library materials. The results explain that the interpretation of the syifa' verse explained is that there are four verses that explain syifa' as an inner healer such as anxiety that arises from worry, fear, restlessness, anxiety, and not being able to sleep where Wahbah az-Zuhaili explains that the Qur'an is a lesson that good comes from Allah and is a cure for the diseases in the heart in the form of doubts, doubts and hypocrisy. Then there is another verse about syifa' as a physical healer which is caused by something that is chronological, such as flu and colds caused by bad air and weather as well as food where Wahbah az-Zuhaili explains that honey can be used as a composition in medicine, honey can also be used as a medicine. as a medicine for diarrhea or stomach ache, because only Allah can cure all kinds of diseases
The Impact of the Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) Instructional Model on Biodiversity Topics to Enhance Students' Argumentation Skills
Authors: Melta Defrian , Razak Abdul , Yohandri Yohandri
Published: September 2024

This study aims to investigate the impact of Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI)-based biology instruction on students' argumentation skills in the context of biodiversity. The research is classified as a quasi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. The independent variable in this study is the implementation of the Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) instructional model. The population of this study comprises all tenth-grade students at SMAN 5 Padang. The sample consists of two classes, with Class X IPA 1 selected as the experimental group and Class X IPA 2 as the control group. Data on students' argumentation skills were collected using essay-type tests. The data analysis techniques employed include the Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, Independent Sample t-test, and Effect Size test. The results indicate that the use of the Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) instructional model positively influences the improvement of students' argumentation skills on the topic of biodiversity. This implies that students successfully achieved the targeted learning objectives using the ADI model.
Crafting Static Infographic Teaching Materials on Physical Inheritance and Evolution in Phase F to Enhance PPRA
Authors: Anggun Diah Putri , Monika Thasya , Samiha Yulia Tri , Asnilawati Asnilawati
Published: September 2024

Static infographics as a teaching material that can be used as a way to increase students' learning motivation. This study discusses the development of teaching materials in the form of static infographics of organ system material in the human body in Phase F for PPRA reinforcement. The purpose of this study was to produce valid and practical static infographic teaching materials. Based on the results of interviews with one of the Biology teachers in the teaching and learning process on the material of organ systems in the human body only uses teaching materials in the form of PowerPoint and videos taken from YouTube. As a result, students' interest in the material of the organ system in the human body is still low. The material used in this static infographic is in the form of enrichment material containing PPRA values, namely the value of being civilized (ta'abbud), balanced (tawazun), dynamic and innovative (tathawwur waibtikar), and tolerance (tasamuh). This research uses the Research and Development method, which is a study to create, produce, and develop a new product. This research uses the Plomp model in 2013 which is limited to the prototype stage. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews, observation, documentation, and questionnaires given to respondents. Based on the results of the study, the average value of material experts, media experts, and linguists was obtained with a value of 3.61 a very valid category. And for the practicality questionnaire assessment with an average score of 3.64 with a very practical category. The results of these responses that static infographic teaching materials are valid and practical for use in the learning process.
Multimedia for Teaching Skills Development in Pre-service Teachers
Authors: Pusparini Fitria , Setyorini Daniar , Dewahrani Yulilina Retno , Safitri Dini
Published: September 2024

A teacher must have teaching skills in order to become a professional teacher. The purpose of this article is to present the results of research on the development of teaching skills multimedia for microteaching courses in the Biology Education Study Program, FMIPA, State University of Jakarta. Multimedia is designed by combining text, images, audio and video to present basic teaching skills material in an interactive and interesting way. This research consisted of two years, in the first year four basic multimedia teaching skills were developed, namely: opening and closing lesson skills, class management skills and basic questioning skills and advanced questioning skills. This research is research and development (RnD) which was adapted into 7 stages from 10 steps of development research by Gall, Gall and Borg, including 1) research and data collection, 2) planning, 3) making prototypes, 4) testing first prototype, 5) prototype improvements, 6) field trials, 7) product improvements. The multimedia products developed are evaluated and assessed by experts, then revised based on the suggestions given and the results of field trials. The results of the research show that the multimedia developed is valid, practical and effective for improving teaching skills of pre-service teachers. Through this article the author wants to suggest that PKM or microteaching lecturers can use multimedia to practice basic teaching skills.
Diversity of Ferns: Identification of Types Pteridophyta In Batang Gadis National Park, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Harahap Lia Junita , Harahap Idris , Febrianti Rina , Teresa Hutagaol Robiah
Published: September 2024

The diversity of ferns is very high, especially in Indonesia. Ferns (Pteridophyta) are a division of the kingdom Plantae whose members have true roots, stems and leaves, as well as carrying vessels. Ferns (Pteridophyta) live in moist areas (hygrophytes) both epiphytes (attached to trees, wood, rocks) and terrestrial (soil). The diversity of ferns is related to altitude and other abiotic factors such as temperature, pH, humidity and light intensity. This research used qualitative methods through fern exploration activities in the Batang Gadis National Park, specifically at Sopo Tinjak Resort 6. The research results obtained 8 types of ferns in Resort 6 of the Batang Gadis Mandailing Natal National Park Area, North Sumatera, Indonesia.
Kesadaran Hukum Dalam Pemenuhan Hak Disabilitas Perspektif Hukum Keluarga
Authors: Nuraini Diah , Solichin Nur Mifchan , Umam Khotibul
Published: September 2024

Legal awareness in disabled families shows a fifty-fifty point, where someone with a disability has the courage to try to get married and fulfill their rights and obligations as a husband, especially the right to support their family. Although not all blind families know and understand the details of marriage law such as marriage conditions, rights and obligations of husband and wife, child gifts, as contained in applicable family law principles. Efforts to work coupled with skills and job opportunities have grown significantly, in Indonesia in 2022, there will be 720,748 disabled workers, an increase from 277,018 people in 2021. On the other hand, awareness of disability law in the public sphere is still lacking, where it is still limited. access to facilities and infrastructure at Special Schools and Community Learning Activity Centers at the village level which motivates increasing insight and skills with disabilities as an improvement in living standards, whereas in the realm of legal apparatus, judiciary and correctional institutions, there is minimal implementation of the fulfillment of disability rights, such as supporting facilities for sign language interpreters and the use of Braille, disabled-friendly building facilities and legal information outreach to people with disabilities.