bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Gazi Functional Vision Assessment Instrument
Authors: Safak Pinar , Cakmak Salih , Karakoc Tamer , O'Dwyer Pinar Aydin
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable instrument that measures the functional vision of students with low vision. Thus, an assessment tool and performance activities were developed for three vision skill groups (near vision skills, distance vision skills, and visual field) that include functional vision skills. The universe was 1485 students studying in various primary and middle schools (from 2nd to 7th grades) affiliated to the Ministry of National Education, and simple random sampling was used to select 310 students. The data were collected using the Gazi Functional Vision Assessment Instrument developed by the researchers. Many-facet Rasch model and generalizability theory were used for the rater reliability of the measurements obtained from the instrument, while discriminant analysis was used for the validity of the measurements. The analysis showed that the measurements were reliable, and the inferences based on these measurements were valid. Thus, this instrument can be used to identify and assess the functional vision status of students with low vision.
Design of a stigmatic lens implementing a required ray mapping
Authors: Doskolovich Leonid L. , Bykov Dmitry A. , Bezus Evgeni A. , Greisukh Grigoriy I.
Published: September 2021

We consider a method for designing stigmatic lenses implementing required ray mappings. A ray mapping relates the angular coordinates of the rays at the image points with the angular coordinates of the rays coming from the object. The calculation of a stigmatic lens with a required ray mapping is reduced to solving an explicit ordinary differential equation. As examples, we design stigmatic lenses satisfying the Abbe sine condition, the Herschel's condition, and the constant angular magnification condition.
Label-free monitoring of 3D cortical neuronal growth in vitro using optical diffraction tomography
Authors: Lee Ariel J. , Yoon DongJo , Han SeungYun , Hugonnet Herve , Park WeiSun , Park Je-Kyun , Nam YoonKey , Park YongKeun
Published: September 2021

The highly complex central nervous systems of mammals are often studied using three-dimensional (3D) in vitro primary neuronal cultures. A coupled confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence labeling are widely utilized for visualizing the 3D structures of neurons. However, this requires fixation of the neurons and is not suitable for monitoring an identical sample at multiple time points. Thus, we propose a label-free monitoring method for 3D neuronal growth based on refractive index tomograms obtained by optical diffraction tomography. The 3D morphology of the neurons was clearly visualized, and the developmental processes of neurite outgrowth in 3D spaces were analyzed for individual neurons.
Efficacy of Sphincter Control Training and medical device in the treatment of premature ejaculation: A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Rodríguez Jesús E. , Picazo Jose A. , Marzo Juan C. , Piqueras José A. , Reina Leandro , Hidalgo Guillermo , Tornero Guillermo
Published: September 2021

A new line of treatment for premature ejaculation (PE) based on the use of masturbation aid device in combination with behavioral techniques has emerged in recent years. We report a multicenter randomized clinical trial with a parallel group design to determine the effectiveness of an electronic device called Myhixel I© in the treatment of PE. Forty patients who met the criteria for the diagnosis of lifelong PE, were assigned to two treatment groups completed the Sphincter control training (SCT) program in eight weeks. The only difference between groups was the use of the device. The main measure was the “fold increase” (FI) of the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT). The geometric means of IELT show, at the end of the treatment at week 8, a superiority of the device group. The mean FI 4.27 (SD 2.59) at the end of treatment for the device group was clearly higher than obtained in the previous clinical trial, in which a specific medical device was not used. No side effects were observed and it required little therapeutic input and no partner involvement. The SCT program in combination with the Myhixel I© is an effective treatment for PE.
Structural basis for antibody binding to adenylate cyclase toxin reveals RTX linkers as neutralization-sensitive epitopes
Authors: Goldsmith Jory A. , DiVenere Andrea M. , Maynard Jennifer A. , McLellan Jason S.
Published: September 2021

RTX leukotoxins are a diverse family of prokaryotic virulence factors that are secreted by the type 1 secretion system (T1SS) and target leukocytes to subvert host defenses. T1SS substrates all contain a C-terminal RTX domain that mediates recruitment to the T1SS and drives secretion via a Brownian ratchet mechanism. Neutralizing antibodies against the Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin, an RTX leukotoxin essential for B. pertussis colonization, have been shown to target the RTX domain and prevent binding to the αMβ2 integrin receptor. Knowledge of the mechanisms by which antibodies bind and neutralize RTX leukotoxins is required to inform structure-based design of bacterial vaccines, however, no structural data are available for antibody binding to any T1SS substrate. Here, we determine the crystal structure of an engineered RTX domain fragment containing the αMβ2-binding site bound to two neutralizing antibodies. Notably, the receptor-blocking antibodies bind to the linker regions of RTX blocks I–III, suggesting they are key neutralization-sensitive sites within the RTX domain and are likely involved in binding the αMβ2 receptor. As the engineered RTX fragment contained these key epitopes, we assessed its immunogenicity in mice and showed that it elicits similar neutralizing antibody titers to the full RTX domain. The results from these studies will support the development of bacterial vaccines targeting RTX leukotoxins, as well as next-generation B. pertussis vaccines.
Effects of dietary supplementation of Vitamins E and C on oxidative stress induced by a Nigerian velogenic strain of the Newcastle disease virus (KUDU 113) in the brain and bursa of Fabricius of broiler chickens
Authors: Okoroafor Obianuju Nkiruka , Ogunniran Temitope Mofoluso , Ikenna-Ezeh Nkechi Harriet , Udeani Ikechukwu John , Omeke Jacinta Ngozi , Ezema Wilfred Sunday , Anene Boniface
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) is widely recognized as an extremely harmful and contagious disease of birds. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of oxidative stress induced by the virulent ND virus (NDV) (KUDU 113) on the plasma, brain, bursa of Fabricius, NDV antibody response, and hematology as well as the ameliorative effect of the individual or combined use of Vitamins E and C on the clinical signs of NDV-infected chickens.

Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 150 broiler chickens were included and divided into five groups: Group 1, nonsupplemented and unchallenged chickens (UCC); Group 2, nonsupplemented and challenged chickens (ICC); Group 3, Vitamin C-supplemented + challenged chickens; Group 4, Vitamin E-supplemented + challenged chickens; and Group 5, Vitamins E and C-supplemented + challenged chickens. Groups 3, 4, and 5 were supplemented with Vitamins E and C (33 and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively). Virus challenge was done with 0.1 ml of KUDU 113 7 days after the start of vitamin inclusion in their diet. Concentrations of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were analyzed in the plasma, brain, and bursa on days 0, 3, and 7 post-infection (pi) using the biochemical method. The blood samples were randomly collected from five chickens in each group for antibody response and hematological analyses on day 0 previtamin treatment and at 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days pi (dpi).

Results: A significant increase in the concentrations of MDA and NO in the NDV-challenged chickens was observed when compared with the UCCs. Moreover, a significant decrease in GSH concentration was observed in the NDV-challenged chickens when compared with the UCCs. The activities of CAT and SOD were reduced markedly in the NDV-challenged chickens. Increases in the mean antibody titers were observed in the NDV-challenged group when compared with the UCCs from days 3 to 21 pi. The mortality rates of groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 0%, 30%, 3.3%, 3.3%, and 26.6%, respectively.

Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that KUDU 113 causes oxidative stress in the brain and bursa of Fabricius of chickens. Individual supplementation with Vitamin E or C was found to be more effective in ameliorating oxidative stress, improving the immune response, and reducing mortality in KUDU 113 infections than the combined supplementation of Vitamins C and E.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TUNA LARVAE IN THE BANDA SEA WITH RELATION TO ITS CONSERVATION
Authors: Romdon Ahmad , Fadli Muhammad , Hehuwat Yance , Pay La , Satrioajie Widhya Nugroho , Syahailatua Augy
Published: September 2021

Tuna is the single valuable export fishery commodity in Indonesia, and Banda Sea is one of the main tuna fishing ground which belongs to fisheries management area (FMA) 714. More recently, the northern part of the Banda Sea has been preserved for tuna conservation since January 2015. The reason for this restriction is due to a preliminary of tuna spawning ground was adopted based on the scientific finding. Although conservation area has been enacted, information on the distribution of tuna larvae as a key variable for establishing conservation area in the Banda Sea needs to be improved through scientific findings. This study aims to provide the information on the tuna larvae encompassing the spatial distribution and tuna larval development stage as an important input to establish tuna conservation area. Tuna larvae data collection were carried out from several onboard surveys for more than four decades. Those study consisted of 21 surveys by using three types of gears to collect tuna larvae. Total of 143 stations was sampled from these surveys and tuna larvae were found in 57 stations. The average length of larvae specimens was 7.36 ± 0.33 mm. In general, tuna larvae found in the Banda Sea were in the pre-flexion, flexion, and post-flexion stage and larvae in pre-flexion stage found in the nearshore area. We concluded that the result of this study confirmed the hypothesis that tuna might spawn in the Banda Sea. Therefore, to strengthen this finding, studies on tuna larvae should be conducted regularly to clarify properly that the Banda Sea is an important tuna conservation zone.
THE CO-OPERATIVE STUDY OF KUROSHIO (CSK): IS IT BENEFICIAL FOR INDONESIA?
Authors: Mulyadi Hanung Agus , Syahailatua Augy , Arifin Zainal
Published: September 2021

The Cooperative Study of Kuroshio and its marginal seas (CSK) is one of the international joint research project conducted in the Western Pacific region. Many Asian countries had been involved in this project from 1965 to1979. Data and information from the CSK are enormous and cover wide-ranging aspects of marine science from the Kuroshio and adjacent regions (e.g. physical aspects, biological aspects and biogeochemical aspects). Indonesia had committed to participate actively in several marine research programs in the area linked to the CSK program by conducting marine research in its internal waters. This essay explained the CSK from biological aspects and Indonesia perspective. During the CSK, biological aspects (e.g. primary productivity, zooplankton biomass, and fisheries) were studied intensively. Indonesia conducted research in internal waters (Natuna Sea and the Java Sea) for oceanography monitoring and fish stock assessment. Participation in the CSK program allowed Indonesia to pursue the establishment of the National Center for Ocean Research (NCOR), develop human capacity building, research properties and standardized all techniques and procedures related to oceanography aspects. After the CSK, Indonesia has continued to conduct marine research linked to the previous study. We learn a lot from the past CSK that a key to succeeding in running this program depending on co-operative spirit, enthusiastic in understanding marine science from the region and enhancing human capacity for doing better marine research.
Health status of blood cockle's Tegillarca granosa (Arcidae: Bivalva) from three different farms along the Strait of Malacca
Authors: Ismui Muhammad Ilman , Mohamat-Yusuff Ferdaus , Mad Joni Amirul Azuan , Mohammed Noor Nurhanin Aqila , Mukhtar Aqilah , Zulkifli Syaizwan Zahmir
Published: September 2021

The annual production of Tegillarca granosa in Perak and Selangor is constantly decreasing since 1996, however a different production pattern was reported in Johor where it was fluctuated for the past years. Thus, this study was done to provide information on the health condition of T. granosa through morphological observation of the biological attributes and the anatomy of the gill’s tissue. Sampling work was done in dry seasons between May and July 2019 at Bagan Pasir Laut, Perak, Kuala Sungai Buloh, Selangor and Sungai Ayam, Johor. A group of 22-30 T. granosa were collected randomly from each site for biological attribute measurement and the mean were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis. Six to seven cockles with shell length ranging 25.00 – 35.00 mm were selected for the gill’s histological observation. Fresh T. granosa samples were preserved in 10% formalin before dissection and then the gills were fixed in Bouin's solution, followed by histological standard procedures and haematoxylin and eosin staining. Results indicated a significant difference of biological attributes was detected between the sites with the lowest measurement found in samples from Bagan Pasir Laut. The highest body weight (14.08g) was found in samples from Kuala Sungai Buloh, followed by Sungai Ayam (10.81g) and then Bagan Pasir Laut (8.08g). The histology of the gill filaments of samples from Sungai Ayam are full of hemocytes, well-structured epithelium cells with cilia in comparison to samples from Bagan Pasir Laut, and Kuala Sungai Buloh. The most degenerated gill filaments were found in samples from Bagan Pasir Laut. Thus, suggesting the unhealthy condition of the gills, affects the shell sizes and body weight of T. granosa between the three established farms.
Physiological response and growth performance of spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) juvenile rearing in recirculating aquaculture system with various shelter type
Authors: Adiyana Kukuh , Zulkarnain Riza , Thesiana Lolita
Published: September 2021

Spiny lobster nursery is done to produce more adaptive and uniform juvenile lobsters quality. Shelters used in spiny lobster nursery served to reduce physical contact among lobsters in the rearing tank. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of different shelter types on physiological response and growth of spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) juvenile rearing in recirculating aquaculture systems. Lobsters with an average weight of 50.07 ± 2.89 g were reared for 60 days. They were fed once a day with trash fish. The daily feeding rate was 3-4% of total weight. This study used four types of shelter as treatments with two replications. PVC pipe shelter as control (K), individual shelter square shaped (IS ■), individual shelter triangle shaped (IS ▲), and individual shelter tube shaped (IS ●). The weight and length of the lobster carapace improved with the duration of the research in all treatments. Throughout the trial, glucose levels in controls were generally greater than those in specific shelf treatments. The reaction of lobster hemolymph total protein to different shelters is highly variable. Overall, the usage of individual shelters had a considerable positive influence on grown lobsters in this study. This is because individual shelter eliminates contact between lobsters, eliminating the possibility of cannibalism in the cultivation container. This study concludes that IS ■ used in rearing Panulirus homarus showed a lower stress response than the other treatments in terms of glucose and total protein lobster hemolymph during the study. IS ■ is the best because it reduced stress levels and yielded better total biomass among the other treatments.
Screening of anti-Candida albicans metabolites produced by marine sponge-associated bacteria
Authors: Kusumawati Pipin , Murti Yosi Bayu , Wijayanti Nastiti
Published: September 2021

This study selected bacteria with high anti-Candida albicans (CA) activity among ten bacteria isolated from marine sponges. Bacteria were cultivated using the basal medium to produce the extract. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) microdilution broth was used as an anti-CA assay followed by TLC-direct bioautography to characterize their active compound with spray reagents. The bacteria determination was done by molecular approaches using Repetitive-Element Sequences-based-PCR (rep-PCR) and amplification of 16S rDNA partial gene sequences, continued with BLAST analysis. The four out of ten tested bacteria had high anti-CA compounds and were potentially to be produced on a larger scale using the basal medium, which was BYT5C4, BYT5C5, BYT1A, and BYT7, with MIC of 1 mg/mL against 7.5×106 CFU/mL CA. TLC-bioautography test results showed that all metabolites from each isolate had different Rf and types of metabolites. Rep-PCR test showed that four bacteria had a low similarity index, indicating that they were different species. Based on molecular identification results, the BYT5C4, BYT5C5, BYT1A, and BYT7 isolates are strictly related to Brevibacterium casei, Exiguobacterium profundum, Micrococcus lylae, and Bacillus firmus, respectively. The active metabolites identified in this study can be isolated to determine the active molecules and their inhibitory routes to fungal growth. It is worth noting that additional research might be conducted to compare the activity of each antifungal metabolite to the synergistic activity of numerous antifungal metabolites detected in plant extracts.
Laurence Moon Bardet Biedl Syndrome Presenting as Refractory Hyperkalaemia - Explore Everything
Authors: Patel Maharshi , Talwar Dhruv , Dubey Aayush , Kumar Sunil
Published: September 2021

Laurence Moon Bardet Biedl syndrome (LMBBS) / Bardet–Biedl disorder (BBS) is an uncommon hereditary disease that is autosomally recessive. It is described by obesity, mental hindrance, dysphoric furthest points (syndactyly, brachydactyly, or polydactyly), retinal dystrophy or retinitis pigmentosa, hypogonadism, and renal abnormalities (among the prevailing aspects).1 LMBBS shares its similarities with Oliver McFarlane syndrome [OMS]. Many patients experienced a gradual loss of vision as a result of retinitis pigmentosa. In retinitis pigmentosa, initially, patients will have night blindness which can be progressed into colour blindness and tunnel vision. Patients of LMBBS may have taurodontism, the condition in which the tooth’s body is greater than the roots.2 Patients of LMBBS can develop chronic renal failure.3 Other features such as brachycephaly, learning disability and gait ataxia can be found in LMBBS patients.
Skeletal Class II Malocclusion Treated with AdvanSync 2 - A Case Report
Authors: Dogra Namrata , Jaglan Archana , M. S. Sidhu , Grover Seema , Suman Suman
Published: September 2021

Treatment of complex malocclusion poses a challenge for the orthodontist because of its multifactorial aetiology. Class II malocclusion is the most frequently encountered and treated malocclusion in orthodontic practice and affects approximately 14.6 % of the North Indian population.1 A common reason for Class II malocclusion is mandibular skeletal retrusion which is the most common characteristic, as reported by McNamara.2 This can be caused by genetic or hereditary factors. When evaluating treatment options for Class II patients, the extent of the skeletal discrepancy and the skeletal maturity of the patient needs to be considered. Treatment may range from dental compensation including camouflage with extractions to surgical procedures targeted at moving the jaw at fault. In growing patients, growth modification with functional appliances offers an intermediate treatment option. Functional appliances are basically of two types; Removable and Fixed. Removable functional appliances such as Activator, Bionator, Frankel Function regulator and Twin Block appliance change Class II relationship by the transmission of soft tissue tension to the dentition. Treatment success with these appliances relies heavily on patient compliance. Therefore, in non-compliant patients, fixed Class II correctors in conjunction with fixed orthodontic appliances are the best choice.3 Fixed functional appliances generate continuous stimuli for mandibular growth without break and permit better adaptation to functions like mastication, swallowing, speech and respiration.1 The Herbst fixed functional appliance has been used routinely for Class II patients and has undergone many design variations over time.4 The AdvanSync2 Class II corrector is a recently introduced fixed functional appliance. It has a much smaller size than the conventional Herbst appliances, is easier to place, activate and remove and most importantly, can be used in conjunction with full-arch fixed appliances throughout.3 Here we describe a case report of a patient treated with the AdvanSync2 Class II corrector and the findings observed in the sagittal and vertical dimensions
Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Mediastinal Masses - An Experience at a Tertiary Care Centre in Bareilly, India
Authors: Kumar Manish , Sharma Tanuja , Jain Mayank , Raj Priyanka , Singh Deeksha , Talha Mohd , Kumar Amit , Kumar Lalit
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Mediastinal lesions are one of the most common lesions of the chest in children and adults. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is the most common investigation done in patients with suspected abnormalities on X-ray. Crosssectional imaging visualises complex anatomy, helps in predicting the tissue of origin, characterises lesions and depicts the extent of involvement of adjacent structures. Complications of mediastinal lesions and emergent conditions, for example, sealed pneumo-mediastinum, tracheoesophageal / pulmonary fistula, a peri-lesional abscess can be well assessed on CECT. The possibility of the lesion as benign or malignant and can be well predicted. Vascular lesions like aneurysms, dissections, and embolism can be evaluated and stable lesions requiring to follow up and unstable lesions requiring emergent treatment are differentiated using MDCT. The objectives of the study were to characterize and identify features pathognomic of specific mediastinal masses on computed tomography and find out diagnostic accuracy of MDCT in mediastinal masses and compare them with pathological results wherever possible. METHODS A prospective study was done in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Rohilkhand Medical College and hospital, Bareilly for a span of 1 year from November 2018 to October 2019. Our study included 51 patients. Mediastinal lesions were assessed based on size, compartmental localisation, and attenuation and enhancement patterns. RESULTS In our study with 51 patients, 16 lesions were non-neoplastic and 35 were neoplastic lesions. Anterior mediastinal lesions constituted maximum lesions followed by middle and posterior mediastinal lesions. Lymph nodal masses were the commonest lesions out of which 4 cases were tubercular in origin, 4 were lymphomatous and 4 were metastatic. Neurogenic tumours were most common in the posterior mediastinum consisting of 6 cases. 2 vascular lesions were seen, 1 of aortic aneurysm and 1 aortic dissection. The diagnostic accuracy of MDCT was 93 % compared to histopathological results. Computed tomography (CT) plays a major role in evaluating mediastinal masses by virtue of its excellent multiplanar reconstruction capabilities and demonstration of exact anatomic relationships. However, in many situations, histopathological examination is needed to know the exact tissue of origin and for further management. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that CT has a major role in evaluating mediastinal masses regarding location, extent and tissue characterization. It can display certain features pathognomic for particular masses thus obviates the need for invasive procedures. KEY WORDS Mediastinal Lesions, MDCT, Imaging Modality, Histopathology
Postoperative Bleeding Complications in Patients on Novel Oral Anticoagulants and Vitamin K Antagonist Following an Invasive Dental Procedure - A Review of Literature
Authors: M Pavithra , Muthukrishnan Arvind
Published: September 2021

The incidence of thromboembolic diseases is high. It is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Anticoagulants are used for preventing or reducing blood clot formation and treatment of other related thrombotic disorders. Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) were developed more than 60 years ago. Warfarin is the most commonly used VKA. The drawbacks of vitamin K antagonists were that it requires frequent monitoring and dose adjustments, food and drug interactions, narrow therapeutic range, diet restrictions. For the past 15 years, various new drugs have been introduced to overcome the disadvantages of vitamin K antagonists. In 2008, a new group of anticoagulants were introduced. They are known as novel anticoagulants (NOAC) or direct oral anticoagulants. They include dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban. The major issue with NOAC is difficulty in monitoring the dose. A literature search was done on this topic. It is very important for the dentists to know the bleeding complications in patients under anticoagulant therapy. The dental treatment of patients who tend to have an increased risk of bleeding due to the use of anticoagulants and / or antiplatelet drugs raises a challenge in the daily practice of dental professionals. According to current evidence, there is no significant difference in postoperative bleeding between novel anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists. The risk of thromboembolic events on stopping the anticoagulants should be assessed. Local haemostatic measures are shown to suffice to control possible bleeding secondary to dental treatments. KEY WORDS Anticoagulants; Apixaban; Dabigatran; Dentistry; Edoxaban; Rivaroxaban.
Management of Unilateral Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture - A Case Report
Authors: M. K. Vybhavi , V. Prashanth , V. Srinivas
Published: September 2021

Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures are relatively common. Zygomatic complex fractures with functional or aesthetic impairments often require surgical intervention. Treatment of ZMC fractures consists of reduction and fixation of the dislocated bone fragments to their original location. The zygomaticomaxillary complex functions as a major buttress for the face and because of its prominent convex shape, is frequently involved in facial trauma.1 ZMC fractures are also called tripod, tetrapod, quadripod, malar or trimalar fractures. They account for approximately 15 % - 23.5 % of maxillofacial fractures.2,3 The aetiology of zygomatic complex fractures primarily includes road traffic accidents (RTA), violent assaults, falls and sports injuries. They are the second most common facial fracture after nasal bone fractures.3-6 ZMC fractures are more common in men than women, and most commonly occur in the third decade of life.7-10 The main clinical features of zygomatic complex fractures include diplopia, enophthalmos, subconjunctival ecchymosis, extraocular muscle entrapment, cosmetic deformity, malocclusion and neurosensory disturbances of the infra-orbital nerve.10 The gold standard radiological investigation for evaluation of ZMC fractures is computed tomography (CT) scan. Surgical intervention is effective in cases of displaced and comminuted fractures involving functional and aesthetic defects, whereas a nonsurgical approach is often used for non-displaced fractures.11 Various surgical approaches and treatment strategies have been proposed to obtain a successful treatment outcome. Based on review of literature, it has been observed that the open reduction with internal fixation using mini plates and screws is the most commonly preferred treatment for displaced and comminuted fractures.10-12 Here, we report a clinical case of right zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture and its management.
Knowledge exchange and the creative industries: A reflective commentary on current practice
Authors: Cole Emma
Published: September 2021

This reflective commentary summarizes the key learnings that arose from the 2019/20 Knowledge Exchange and the Creative Industries seminar series. These seminars at the University of Bristol, UK, looked at engagement with research within the creative industries. Each seminar showcased an academic and artistic partnership from across South West England and Wales which resulted in an artistic output that could be classified as ‘immersive’, including, but not limited to, audio storytelling applications, augmented reality games, virtual reality projects, films and theatre productions. Each seminar involved collaborators sharing their experiences and thoughts on best practice, possible styles and potential pitfalls in knowledge exchange projects. My commentary provides an overview of the partnerships, which represent a snapshot of current knowledge exchange practices in the region. I summarize the common trends that emerged throughout the seminars, including methods of initiating a collaboration, the scalability of partnerships between industry and academia, the challenges surrounding process when working on multi-partner collaborations, and questions of ethics and intellectual property. I also reflect upon the processes and learnings that arose from hosting the series, to guide others who are thinking about strategies to encourage collaboration. Overall, the commentary offers a blueprint of considerations for those in both academia and the creative industries who are considering embarking upon knowledge exchange projects. By drawing attention to the lessons learned from a series of successful partnerships, the discussion paves the way for future projects of engaged research within the creative industries.
Developing arts-based methods for exploring virtual reality technologies: A university–industry case study
Authors: Gray Stuart , Bevan Chris , Cater Kirsten , Gildersleve Jo , Garland Caroline , Langdon Oliver
Published: September 2021

Collaborations between human–computer interaction (HCI) researchers and arts practitioners frequently centre on the development of creative content using novel – often emergent – technologies. Concurrently, many of the techniques that HCI researchers use in evaluative participant-based research have their roots in the arts – such as sketching, writing, artefact prototyping and role play. In this reflective paper, we describe a recent collaboration between a group of HCI researchers and dramatists from the immersive theatre organization Kilter, who worked together to design a series of audience-based interventions to explore the ethics of virtual reality (VR) technology. Through a process of knowledge exchange, the collaboration provided the researchers with new techniques to explore, ideate and communicate their work, and provided the dramatists with a solid academic grounding in order to produce an accurate yet provocative piece of theatrically based design fiction. We describe the formation of this partnership between academia and creative industry, document our journey together, and share the lasting impact it has had upon both parties.
Knowledge exchange in the arts and humanities as creative economy policy assemblage
Authors: Moreton Simon
Published: September 2021

The creative economy is a complex assemblage of policy, practice and industrial activity, underpinned by apparently novel configurations of cultural and creative work. In recent years, it has become the focus of a number of schemes which have seen major shifts in how UK research councils fund universities. This paper reflects on the work of Research and Enterprise in Arts and Creative Technology (REACT), a major knowledge exchange programme aimed at stimulating growth in the creative sector through collaborations with universities in South West England and South Wales. In the first section, I unpack some of the underpinning logics of the ‘creative turn’ by which creativity has become a key currency in modern economies. I then consider how this shift has affected universities. I next ask how the various rationalities of an economy driven by creativity have moved into the knowledge exchange sphere. I approach this by formulating creative economy policy as a form of governmentality performed through assemblages that facilitate policy transfer. The paper turns to the empirical example of REACT, considering it as an assemblage through which reconfigurations of discourses, spatialities, temporalities, subjects and calculative practices have unfolded. The analysis shows how the multivalent, ad hoc and sometimes contradictory experience of producing an assemblage such as REACT means that policy transfer is never entirely complete nor stable, and that in this sense it is still possible for knowledge exchange programmes to imagine and generate alternative approaches to creativity that are not wholly reducible to a neoliberal or capitalist logic, although they remain implicated therein.
Small grants, big impact: The Institute of Classical Studies’ seed funding scheme for public engagement
Authors: Bridges Emma
Published: September 2021

This case study provides details of a small-grants scheme (delivered by the Institute of Classical Studies since 2018) which is designed to support researchers in classics and related subjects to undertake activities whereby they are able to share their research with non-specialist audiences (that is, people who do not already have an academic knowledge of the field in which they are researching). It outlines the practicalities of running such a scheme, describes the outcomes and impact which the scheme has had to date, and concludes by offering recommendations for organizations which may be considering setting up such a grant programme specifically to support public engagement with academic research. The lessons learned as a result of this scheme could be readily applied to other academic disciplines (particularly – but not limited to – those with an arts and humanities focus which share characteristics with classics) or institutional contexts.
SCENE: A novel model for engaging underserved and under-represented audiences in informal science learning activities
Authors: Keith Lindsay , Griffiths Wyn
Published: September 2021

Inequitable access to science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics (STEAM) has been explored by multiple studies which have shown that some publics are underserved by existing informal educational and cultural provision, and under-represented in related study choices and careers. Informal science learning (ISL) and public engagement with research activities (such as science festivals) tend to attract audiences which are largely white, middle class and already engaged with STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). This article describes the development of an engagement approach and model through a story-based festival (SMASHfestUK) which was specifically designed to attract new and diverse audiences, including Black and mixed-heritage families, and families living with socio-economic disadvantage. The festival was delivered on five annual occasions, each co-designed with a wide selection of stakeholders, including audiences, researchers, performers, institutions and organizations, and considered as an iterative prototype.
The dynamics of working at intersections: Reflections from exploring inequalities
Authors: Morris Siobhan , Stevenson Olivia
Published: September 2021

This commentary provides a first-hand account of a year-long collaborative academic–policy synthesis project – Exploring Inequalities: Igniting Research to Better Inform UK Policy – between University College London (UCL) and the Resolution Foundation. We brought together leading experts from over fifty organizations, convened six roundtables and conducted additional in-depth interviews. This collaboration resulted in a series of action notes and a final report, Structurally Unsound (Morris et al., 2019). By reflecting on the ‘nuts and bolts’ of doing this type of project, we reveal the hidden realities of knowledge exchange and open up new possibilities for understanding successes and failures for future projects of this kind.
Hidden persuaders on film: Exploring young people’s lived experience through visual essays
Authors: Pick Daniel , Hallsworth Mary-Clare , Marks Sarah
Published: September 2021

The Hidden Persuaders research group examines ‘brainwashing’ in the Cold War for the roles, real and imagined, played by psychologists, psychiatrists and psychoanalysts. Our project engaged young people in an exploration of the history of fears about brainwashing, and enabled them to explore their thoughts and ideas about the forces that shape their lives in contemporary society, through film-making. Working with three schools in the Camden area of London, our partners at the Derek Jarman Lab media hub, Birkbeck, University of London, and an artist facilitator (Lizzie Burns), we invited Year 12 students to learn filming and editing to create their own short video essays. The use of this format resulted in a significant depth of engagement and generated a wealth of creative responses. The various stages of the film-making process enabled the students to work out the terms of an argument and to consider how best to express it concisely. In the resulting films, they came up with a variety of forms of visual storytelling, and used the medium to express their thoughts, feelings and ideas in diverse ways, giving us a range of new perspectives which we could consider in relation to our historical research.
The Olive Ridley Project (ORP): A successful example of how to engage researchers, conservation practitioners and civil society
Authors: Stelfox Martin , Martin-Cereceda Mercedes , Vahed Karim , Hudgins Jillian , Köhnk Stephanie , Iqbal Usman , Shameel Ibrahim , Hancock Joana M. , Sweet Michael
Published: September 2021

The Olive Ridley Project (ORP) was set up to protect sea turtles and their habitats. The project was formed in 2013, and it became a registered charity in the UK in 2016. From its inception, ORP took a multidisciplinary approach to achieve its goals. Part of its objectives, and the reason why the charity came to fruition, are related to the issue of olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) entanglement in abandoned, lost or discarded fishing gear (also known as ‘ghost gear’ or ‘ghost nets’), and the search for ghost gear and turtle entanglement ‘hot spots’ throughout the Indian Ocean. The initial ORP research questions were soon challenged by societal interests to develop inclusive educational programmes in local communities and tourist resorts that could raise awareness about the need for conservation of all sea turtle species. In February 2017, ORP opened the first veterinarian-run, fully equipped Marine Turtle Rescue Centre in the Maldives, bringing together the work of researchers, citizen scientists, volunteers, environmentalists, marine biologists and veterinarians. The present work of ORP sits on a strong and scientifically robust collaborative plan. Current ORP research projects range from sea turtle population analyses, spatial ecology, rehabilitation of injured and sick individuals, epibiont parasite analyses, precise turtle identification through photo-ID research, linking ghost gear to responsible fisheries, and analyses of ghost gear drift patterns. The programme enhances community education and outreach by engaging schoolchildren, organizing workshops, promoting sustainable use of ghost gear waste, and training citizen scientists and local fishing communities. The ORP programme encompasses many principles of research engagement, effectively combining scientific knowledge, education and action. This article explores all stages of the process (from research planning and design, to knowledge exchange and inter- and trans-disciplinary impact assessments), describing the active engagement originated by the ORP initiative. A reflective insight into the learning, enrichment and challenges of engaging researchers and community actors is also included, considering the current social and scientific framework.
Der Bericht des Minoïdes Mynas über die Bibliothek des Klosters des hl. Ioannes Prodromos tu Bazelonos
Authors: Stefec Rudolf S.
Published: September 2021

The short catalogue of the manuscripts of the monastery of St. John the Forerunner tu Bazelonos written by Minoïdes Mynas (Par. suppl. gr. 1248, ff. 187v- 190v) in February 1845 is edited and the entries (19) matched with the only other known catalogue penned by A. Papadopulos-Kerameus in 1909 (40 entries), based on a visit to the monastery in 1884. Two of the manuscripts contained in the catalogue of Mynas can be identified (Par. suppl. gr. 613; Petropolit. BPG 743); the rest is probably lost. An inscription contained in manuscript nr. 39 of the monastery and transcribed by Papadopulos-Kerameus identifies Manuel I. Komnenos as the founder of the convent.
No footprint too small: case of intrauterine herpes simplex virus infection
Authors: Lopushinsky Kaitlyn M. , Harabor Andrei , Bodani Jaya
Published: September 2021

Objectives

To describe the case of a preterm infant with intrauterine HSV infection. To discuss the epidemiology, features and complications associated with intrauterine HSV infection by conducting a review of medical literature.

Case presentation

A preterm male infant was born with diffuse skin erosions in various stages of healing suggestive of denuded bullae. Prenatal ultrasound showed evolving fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly, suspected Dandy-Walker malformation, and oligohydramnios. Neonatal skin swabs were positive for herpes simplex virus type 2 by polymerase chain reaction and the patient was treated with intravenous acyclovir from birth. Cranial ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings showed severe progressive ex-vacuo ventricular dilatation consistent with intrauterine herpes simplex infection. Due to those findings and progressive multi-organ dysfunction, care was redirected to a palliative path and the child expired at 21 days of age. In retrospect, the mother had a few atypical vesicles on the left hand 4–5 weeks prior to delivery with a presumptive diagnosis of pompholyx.

Conclusions

Although confirmed intrauterine herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very rare, the potentially devastating prognosis and complications as evidenced by our case show that awareness of intrauterine HSV is critical for pediatricians as well as physicians involved in antenatal care. In order to adequately assess, treat and counsel pregnant women, more work is required to detect HSV infection, evaluate possible congenital infection and improve outcomes with fetal and neonatal treatment.
Wirecard and European Company and Financial Law
Authors: Mock Sebastian
Published: September 2021

Wirecard constitutes not only a major scandal in Germany but also touches some fundamental concepts of European corporate and capital market law and will therefore dominate the discussion for further reforms for several years. This discussion will touch general questions of corporate governance, the examination of financial reports, the role of auditors, the (current) market abuse regime and yet again short sellings. Some reforms are in a way self-evident and will probably be undertaken within this or next year. This is especially the case for a (further) reform of the regulation of auditors and for a reform of the regulation of the examination of financial reports. For both areas – usually stricter – concepts already exist and will this time have a better chance to be enacted. Therefore, Wirecard might turn to be a bad case that hopefully does not make bad law. However, there also are other aspects such as the relation of the market abuse regime and financial reporting that might require a deeper and longer analysis before concrete legislative measures can be put into place. The same applies for a further reform of the corporate governance of listed corporations, the regulation of short sellings and especially for the creation of a European framework for invalid (or false) financial reports. For these aspects Wirecard might constitute some kind of promoter for a further harmonization. This paper gives a short summary of the already publicly known facts of the Wirecard scandal, analyses how European Company and Financial Law was involved and identifies the challenges for a reform of European Company and Financial Law.
Clawback Provisions in Executive Compensation Contracts
Authors: Stark Johanna
Published: September 2021

Clawbacks are contractual provisions in executive compensation contracts that allow for an ex post recoupment of variable pay if certain triggering conditions are met. As a result of regulatory responses to financial crises and corporate scandals, as well as growing shareholder pressure to implement effective measures against executive misbehaviour, the prevalence of such clauses has risen considerably in the recent past, beginning in the US after the 2000 financial crisis. As clawbacks have become a buzzword in the European debate about also ensuring good corporate governance beyond the financial sector, it is time to critically discuss the hopes that have been associated with various types of such provisions.
The number of response categories in ordered response models
Authors: Iannario Maria , Monti Anna Clara , Scalera Pietro
Published: September 2021

The choice of the number m of response categories is a crucial issue in categorization of a continuous response. The paper exploits the Proportional Odds Models’ property which allows to generate ordinal responses with a different number of categories from the same underlying variable. It investigates the asymptotic efficiency of the estimators of the regression coefficients and the accuracy of the derived inferential procedures when m varies. The analysis is based on models with closed-form information matrices so that the asymptotic efficiency can be analytically evaluated without need of simulations. The paper proves that a finer categorization augments the information content of the data and consequently shows that the asymptotic efficiency and the power of the tests on the regression coefficients increase with m. The impact of the loss of information produced by merging categories on the efficiency of the estimators is also considered, highlighting its risks especially when performed in its extreme form of dichotomization. Furthermore, the appropriate value of m for various sample sizes is explored, pointing out that a large number of categories can offset the limited amount of information of a small sample by a better quality of the data. Finally, two case studies on the quality of life of chemotherapy patients and on the perception of pain, based on discretized continuous scales, illustrate the main findings of the paper.