bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-read sequencing and genome assembly of natural history collection samples and challenging specimens
Authors: Bein Bernhard , Chrysostomakis Ioannis , Arantes Larissa S. , Brown Tom , Gerheim Charlotte , Schell Tilman , Schneider Clément , Leushkin Evgeny , Chen Zeyuan , Sigwart Julia , Gonzalez Vanessa , Wong Nur Leena W. S. , Santos Fabricio R. , Blom Mozes P. K. , Mayer Frieder , Mazzoni Camila J. , Böhne Astrid , Winkler Sylke , Greve Carola , Hiller Michael
Published: February 2025

Museum collections harbor millions of samples, largely unutilized for long-read sequencing. Here, we use ethanol-preserved samples containing kilobase-sized DNA to show that amplification-free protocols can yield contiguous genome assemblies. Additionally, using a modified amplification-based protocol, employing an alternative polymerase to overcome PCR bias, we assemble the 3.1 Gb maned sloth genome, surpassing the previous 500 Mb protocol size limit. Our protocol also improves assemblies of other difficult-to-sequence molluscs and arthropods, including millimeter-sized organisms. By highlighting collections as valuable sample resources and facilitating genome assembly of tiny and challenging organisms, our study advances efforts to obtain reference genomes of all eukaryotes.
Illustrating Fuego: the particular challenges and richness of using arts-based participatory methods to communicate experiences of volcanic disaster
Authors: Naismith Ailsa K.
Published: February 2025

Although disasters disproportionately affect vulnerable people, their experiences often go untold. Disaster researchers increasingly use participatory research methods to recognize and amplify these missing voices. Arts-based participatory methods promise both empowerment for local people and opportunity for researchers to work creatively and reflexively. They also present challenges of participation and representation. This paper describes the process of co-producing a “zine” describing local people’s experiences of eruptions of Fuego volcano (Guatemala) and the impacts of these eruptions that caused disaster. The zine is narrated by local people and is illustrated by the researcher (me) who conducted semi-structured interviews of residents to better understand their experiences. The motivations for this project are explored together with lessons learned in turning participatory research design into practice. Taking a constructively critical perspective on my process, I document challenges I encountered in community participation and representation and discuss how they may be addressed in project design and execution. I also describe the tensions and value in occupying both researcher and artist roles. This paper describes an open method of research exploration where the opportunities and limitations of visual representation to contribute to shared and widening understandings of volcanic disaster experience is documented and reflected upon.
Behavioral, neuronal, and physiological facets of multidimensional body image in anorexia nervosa: a scoping review
Authors: Di Giuliano Monica , de la Cruz Feliberto , Schumann Andy , Zopf Regine , Bär Karl-Jürgen
Published: February 2025

Body image is a core identity facet in anorexia nervosa (AN). Current literature outlines body image as a multidimensional construct, characterized by perceptual, cognitive, and emotional components, which explain how individuals perceive, think, and behave in relation to their body. The purpose of this scoping review is to uncover neuropsychological disturbances in AN related to body image by focusing on its different behavioral and neuronal assessments, aiming to provide a broad overview of common findings and limitations. Additionally, we explore the role of somato-sensory/somato-motor components and physiological markers underlying body image disturbances, which have not been extensively examined in previous studies. Literature screening was performed across three databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus). We classified behavioral, physiological, and neuroimaging studies according to their degree of involvement with body image dimensions and discussed the primary findings for each component. A total of 4015 studies were identified, of which 107 were eligible (84 behavioral and 23 neuroimaging studies) based on eligibility criteria, covering research from 1973 to 2024. Notably, of those which specified the following factors: 16 studies focused on the restrictive subtype (AN-r), two on the binge-eating/purging subtype (AN-b/p), and 19 examined both AN-r and AN-b/p; finally four on the atypical subtype; 11 on the weight-recovered state (WR) and three included also male participants. The mean age across all studies was 20.1 years (SD = 3.79). Our findings reveal that body image disturbances in AN are not limited to the overestimation of body size but also encompass cognitive, emotional, and somato-sensory aspects. A strong drive for thinness emerged as a prominent cognitive factor in maintaining the disturbance, along with altered autobiographical recall, executive function, and attentional biases toward body-related stimuli. Emotional regulation difficulties, altered interoceptive awareness, and distorted somato-sensory aspects—reflected in tactile and motor processes—were highlighted. In addition, increased autonomic reactivity to body image stimuli, indicating a sympathetic/parasympathetic imbalance, is supported by specific cortical-subcortical functional alterations. Our review emphasizes that body image distortion in AN should not be viewed merely as a perceptual deficit but rather as a complex cognitive-emotional and somato-sensory process.
Tea leaf exosome-like nanoparticles (TELNs) improve oleic acid-induced lipid metabolism by regulating miRNAs in HepG-2 cells
Authors: Lei Xuanhao , Li Haonan , Chen Sibei , Li Bing , Xia Huili , Li Jun , Guan Feng , Ge Jian
Published: February 2025

Tea is a widely consumed beverage globally, but the tea industry faces a significant waste management challenge. In this study, we developed tea leaf exosome-like nanoparticles (TELNs) with an average size of 274 ± 24.7 nm and a zeta potential of -20.6 ± 0.78 mV, using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 precipitation followed by ultracentrifugation. Structural analysis confirmed that TELNs are composed of lipids, proteins, and RNAs. In vitro assays on HepG-2 cells revealed that TELNs are non-toxic at concentrations up to 300 µg/mL and can be efficiently internalized. TELNs exhibited significant antioxidant capacity and were able to significantly ameliorate H2O2-induced oxidative stress, increase the viability and reduce the accumulation of ROS in Hepg-2 cells. Notably, TELNs significantly alleviated OA-induced lipid metabolic disorders and hepatocellular injury. Further molecular analysis revealed that TELNs downregulated the expression of miR-21-5p, miR-17-3p, and miR-107, leading to the upregulation of their target genes PPARα, CYP7A1, and CPT-1A, which contributed to the improvement of lipid metabolism. This study is the first to demonstrate the lipid metabolism regulation potential of TELNs, providing new insights into their underlying mechanisms and helping to develop new therapeutic strategies for lipid metabolism-related diseases. Furthermore, it expands the scope of tea use and helps to reuse tea residues.

Graphical Abstract
Importance of portfolio optimization in SRI and conventional pension funds
Authors: Alda Mercedes
Published: February 2025

This study assesses the portfolio concentration of socially responsible investment (SRI) pension funds, which may be subject to a potentially limited asset universe and have a higher concentration and lower performance than conventional funds. Nonetheless, in contrast to previous studies on SRI funds, this study considers the information-advantage theory, positing that skilled managers should increase their concentration in assets in which they possess valuable information, departing from optimization models to achieve outperformance. This study first compares actual fund concentration with concentration obtained from several traditional and modern portfolio optimization techniques (minimum variance, global minimum variance, optimal portfolio, naïve diversification, risk parity, and reward-to-risk timing) to understand whether SRI pension funds concentrate portfolios and deviate from optimization model solutions. Unlike previous studies, the actual fund assets are considered in the optimization models to take into account the real investment profiles of SRI funds. The results indicate that SRI pension funds are less concentrated than conventional funds, and SRI and conventional pension funds largely diversify their portfolios, presenting lower concentration than portfolios formed with the optimization models. Furthermore, concentration strategies positively influence performance in SRI and conventional funds, revealing the use of information advantage. However, SRI and conventional fund managers present poor skills (picking, timing, and trading) to exploit information advantages due to overconfidence issues, which affect performance with concentration strategies. This situation may be modified if SRI funds follow modern optimization models and conventional funds follow traditional optimization models, improving managers’ performance and skills.
Who worries more Chinese or Russian university students? Measuring the correlations between socio-biographical variables and anxiety related to learning a foreign language
Authors: Borisova Anna Stepanovna , Aleksandrova Oksana Ivanovna , Moskvitcheva Svetlana Alekseevna , Soomro Muhammad Arif
Published: February 2025

The present study investigates the correlations between socio-biographical variables (such as age, gender, years of studying English language, and educational environment) and foreign language anxiety learning. The study also compares the manifestation of foreign language anxiety among Chinese and Russian university students. A mixed-method of both quantitative and qualitative design was employed to analyze gathered data from n = 240. The data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire—Foreign Language Anxiety Scale, adopted from Horwitz et al. (Modern Lang J 70:125–132, 1986), it was further supplemented with ethnographic observation. The findings indicate a negative relationship between foreign language anxiety and socio-biographical variables of university students. The findings reveal that Chinese students were more worried related to learning a foreign language in comparison to Russian university students. Whereas, Chinese and Russian male students experience more anxiety about foreign language learning in comparison to female Chinese and Russian students. The findings have implications in English as a foreign language, applied linguistics, teaching and learning environments, and anxiety studies.
Use of flaxseed cake as a source of nutrients in the food industry and possible health benefits- a review
Authors: Talwar Binanshu , Chopra Rajni , Taneja Neetu Kumra , Chand Monika , Homroy Snigdha , Dhiman Aishwarya , Singh Priyanka Kumari , Chaudhary Shreya
Published: February 2025

Oilseed cake is a potential by-product with a rich nutrient profile that can be used to develope value-added products. Flaxseed cake (FC), a by-product of flaxseed oil extraction, has gained considerable attention due to its diverse nutritional profile, bioactive constituents, and potential health benefits. It is an economical source of various bioactives, especially proteins, alpha-linolenic acid, lignan, flaxseed gum, and dietary fiber with potential health benefits. FC also contains residual fat which is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids. Its high protein content and non-toxic nature make it a potential ingredient for use in human nutrition.

This review paper provides an overview of the nutritional profile of FC which includes macro and micronutrients as well as bioactive components such as lignans, phenolic compounds, and antioxidants along with their health-promoting properties. Due to the presence of antinutrients, processing is required for flaxseed cake which has been discussed. Furthermore, the health benefits linked to the consumption of FC are scrutinized.

Despite the positive attributes of FC, antinutrients namely cyanogenic glycosides, phytic acid, and tannins could restrict the absorption of nutrients. Several processing methods such as soaking, steaming, and fermentation have been proven to be beneficial in improving the nutritional quality of oilseed cake and the bioavailability of nutrients.

Graphical Abstract
The assessment of IL-6 in immune response to hepatitis B among hepatitis B vaccinated individuals in Specialist Hospital Sokoto State, North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Usman Abubakar Babangida , Muazu Safiyya , Ibrahim Adamu Muhammad , Funom Sabo Ezra , Smoklo Andrew Godwin , Umar Zulkifilu , Kalgo Mustapha Umar , Aliyu Kabiru Bello , Hamid Kabir Magaji
Published: February 2025

Background

Hepatitis B remains a major health burden with perinatal transmission being a key concern in endemic regions in countries like Nigeria. Vaccination is critical but the 5–10% non-response rate necessitates research into biomarkers like IL-6 that may predict immunogenicity. This study assessed hepatitis B vaccine response and the role of IL-6 in vaccinated individuals in Specialist Hospital, Sokoto State, Nigeria.

Methods

This cross-sectional study quantified IL-6 and hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) levels in 50 vaccinated subjects in Sokoto, Nigeria, using ELISA and chemiluminescence immunoassays. Sociodemographic data including age, gender, and vaccine route were collected via questionnaires. Correlation analysis was performed between IL-6 and HBsAb levels to assess vaccine response prediction potential.

Results

Among the 50 participants, 84% demonstrated seroprotection based on adequate HBsAb titers, confirming the effectiveness of vaccination programs. However, 16% remained insufficiently immunized despite vaccination, highlighting interindividual variability warranting further investigation. IL-6 levels were predominantly normal (92%) with few (8%) exhibiting low levels, indicating appropriate inflammatory regulation overall. No sociodemographic factors emerged as significant predictors. A non-significant (p = 0.354) negative correlation (r = − 0.134) was found between IL-6 and HBsAb, suggesting IL-6 may not strongly predict hepatitis B vaccine response.

Conclusion

While protection rates align with WHO benchmarks, non-responders indicate a need to uncover immune and genetic mechanisms influencing vaccine outcomes through larger studies. The negative IL-6/HBsAb correlation warrants further analysis given IL-6’s regulatory role.
Setting up a fracture liaison service to assess the risk of osteoporotic fractures and treatment gap in Helwan University Hospitals
Authors: Abd El-Aziz Merhan Tarek , El Miedany Yasser , Fadel Mohamed Hussein , El-Hammady Dina Hatem , Fehr Amal
Published: February 2025

Background

In Egypt, despite the presence of numerous approved osteoporosis medications and many dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan facilities, only a small percentage of patients at high risk of sustaining a fragility fracture receive treatment. This significant “treatment gap” puts the highest-risk individuals at risk for developing fragility fractures. The aim of this study was to highlight patients at high risk of experiencing fragility fractures in the catchment area of Helwan University Hospitals by establishing a fracture liaison service and examining how they received their osteoporosis management and utilization of services.

Purpose

(1) To determine the treatment gap for men and postmenopausal women who have experienced a fragility fracture and (2) to look into the traits and risk factors for fractures of patients who show up with an index fragility fracture.

Results

This study included 28 individuals with fragility fractures, with 60.7% being female and 39.3% being male. The average age was 68.75 (SD ± 8.93) years. Twenty-five percent of males and 62% of postmenopausal women had an increased 10-year fracture risk [not including bone mineral density (BMD)]. A total of 83.3% of males and 62.6% of postmenopausal women did not get any osteoporosis medicines, despite being eligible for therapy. The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool score and BMD measurements at the hip and spine showed a significant correlation.

Fracture risk was significantly correlated with falls, sarcopenia, and functional disability.

Conclusion

In the Helwan University Hospitals catchment area, there exists a significant treatment gap for older adults in Egypt. The discrepancy appears to be linked to inadequate patient education and a poor diagnosis rate for osteoporosis.
Beak dimensions affect feeding performance within a granivorous songbird species
Authors: Andries T. , Müller W. , van Wassenbergh S.
Published: February 2025

Beaks of granivorous songbirds are adapted to dehusk seeds fast and efficiently. This is reflected in the large variety of beak shapes and sizes among species specialized in different seed types. Generally, larger beaks improve the dehusking of larger seeds by transmitting and withstanding higher bite forces. Meanwhile, smaller beaks are better suited for processing smaller seeds by allowing faster beak movements and better seed handling dexterity. These patterns are presumably the result of a trade-off between force and velocity inherent to lever systems. Since beak shape also varies among individuals of the same species, we investigated whether beak shape relates to variation in feeding performance and beak kinematics in the Domestic Canary (Serinus canaria). We analysed beak morphology of 87 individuals through both traditional size measurements and 3D-landmark analysis to capture metrics such as beak depth, length, width and curvature. We related these metrics of morphology to data on feeding performance and beak kinematics during feeding on smaller canary seeds and larger, tougher hemp seeds. We found that individuals with larger absolute beak depths were faster at dehusking the large seeds. Despite that individuals with shallow or long beaks displayed higher beak opening-closing frequencies, this did not result in a significantly shorter processing time of the smaller seeds. Our data are therefore in line with the presence of a force-velocity trade-off within a species, but without a velocity-related drawback of beak-size adaptations for increased bite force on the handling performance of a smaller and easier-to-crack seed.
Buzzing boundaries: Tiny caterpillars vibrate to defend leaf tip territories
Authors: Matheson Sarah M. , Turchen Leonardo M. , Mauduit Emilie , Yack Jayne E.
Published: February 2025

Territorial displays include some of the most elaborate behaviours in the animal kingdom. In this study, we investigated the territorial behaviour and vibratory signalling of neonate warty birch caterpillars (Falcaria bilineata Lepidoptera: Drepanidae), which reside solitarily on birch leaves and defend the leaf tip. Upon hatching, these tiny caterpillars - no larger than 2 mm - seek out and establish a small solitary territory (∼1 cm wide) at the leaf tip, where they lay silk mats, feed, and advertise their presence by producing multicomponent vibratory signals – Buzz Scrapes and Drums. When a conspecific neonate (intruder) is introduced to a leaf occupied by a resident, the resident increases its signalling rate up to four times than when undisturbed, and even more - up to 14 times - if the intruder enters the territory. Intruders rarely manage to take over the resident's defended space, with most confrontations (71%) ending in the resident maintaining control. Residents signal significantly more than intruders at all stages of the contest. If physical contact occurs, residents flee by dropping from the leaf by a silk thread. This results in territorial contests that involve no physical aggression, relying entirely on vibratory communication. These vibratory displays most likely function to establish spacing between conspecifics on a tree branch, but these complex signals may also function to exclude other members of the vibratory community by mimicking something dangerous, like a jumping spider.
A Multiple Compression Approach using Attribute-based Signatures
Authors: Costa Constantinos , Chrysanthis Panos , Herodotou Herodotos , Costa Marios , Stavrakis Efstathios , Nicolaou Nicolas
Published: February 2025

Background With the increasing volume of data collected for advanced analytical and AI applications, data storage remains a significant challenge. Despite advancements in storage technologies, the cost of maintaining vast datasets continues to grow. Compression techniques have been widely used to address this issue, but existing systems primarily rely on a single, typically lossless method, which limits adaptability to varying data characteristics. Methods This paper introduces COMPASS, a multiple compression approach that applies different compression techniques to different subsets of data within a database. COMPASS partitions relational data into rows or columns and selects the most suitable compression scheme for individual columns or column groups. Two versions of COMPASS are proposed: (i) COMPASS-D, which utilizes K-Means clustering based on data values; and (ii) COMPASS-E, which employs K-Means clustering based on column entropy to group similar columns efficiently. The effectiveness of COMPASS is evaluated using the Envmon dataset, a real-world environmental monitoring database, and compared against monolithic compression methods. Results Experimental results demonstrate that COMPASS significantly reduces disk space usage compared to traditional compression techniques. COMPASS-E achieves superior performance in terms of compression time and proximity to the optimal compression ratio, outperforming COMPASS-D. In worst-case scenarios, COMPASS methods offer 22% more savings compared to baseline techniques, with best-case savings reaching 56% (~2× improvement). Conclusion The proposed COMPASS framework offers a flexible and adaptive approach to database compression by leveraging multiple schemes tailored to different data subsets. This results in improved storage efficiency and reduced computational overhead. Future work will explore additional data characteristics and clustering methods to further enhance COMPASS’s adaptability and efficiency.
Dekrety króla Zygmunta III w kwestiach swobód religijnych
Authors: Krawczuk Wojciech
Published: February 2025

W Archiwum Narodowym w Krakowie przechowywana jest księga litewskiego Sądu Asesorskiego z lat 1589–1595, o sygnaturze 29/637/0/1.2/483. Jej odkrycia dokonał Henryk Lulewicz.  Dokumenty zawarte w niej ukazują przebieg procesów w sądach asesorskich. Ponieważ księgi koronne tego sądu zostały spalone przez okupantów niemieckich po upadku Powstania Warszawskiego, jest to źródło bardzo ważne nie tylko dla sprawy Litwy ale i Korony. Przeprowadzono analizę kilku dekretów królewskich Zygmunta III wpisanych do tej księgi. Ukazują one bardzo wyważone podejście króla do kwestii swobód religijnych w początkach jego panowania.
Úřední písemnosti a jejich hranice. Praga, 12–13 listopada 2024 r.
Authors: Jeleń Mateusz
Published: February 2025

Sprawozdanie z konferencji Úřední písemnosti a jejich hranice. Praga, 12–13 listopada 2024 r.
Efficient Cloud Server Deployment Under Demand Uncertainty
Authors: Liu Rui Peng , Mellou Konstantina , Gong Evelyn Xiao-Yue , Li Beibin , Coffee Thomas , Pathuri Jeevan , Simchi-Levi David , Menache Ishai
Published: February 2025

Problem definition: Cloud computing is a multibillion-dollar business that draws substantial capital investments from large companies such as Amazon, Microsoft, and Google. Large cloud providers need to accommodate the growing demand for computing resources while avoiding unnecessary overprovisioning of hardware and operational costs. The underlying decision processes are challenging, as they involve long-term hardware and infrastructure investments under future demand uncertainty. In this paper, we introduce the cloud server deployment problem. One important aspect of the problem is that the infrastructure preparation work has to be planned for before server deployments can take place. Furthermore, a combination of temporal constraints has to be considered together with a variety of physical constraints. Methodology/results: We formulate the underlying optimization problem as a two-stage stochastic program. After carefully examining the demand data and on-the-ground deployment operations, we distill two structural properties on deployment throughput constraints and provide tightness results on a convex relaxation of the second stage. Based on that, we develop efficient cutting-plane methods that exploit the special structure of the problem and can accommodate different risk measures. We test our algorithms with real production traces from Microsoft Azure and demonstrate sizeable cost reductions. We show empirically that the algorithms remain optimal even when the two properties are not fully satisfied. Managerial implications: Cloud supply chain operations were largely executed manually due to their complexity and dynamic nature. In this paper, we show that the key decision processes can be systematically optimized. In particular, we demonstrate that accounting for the stochastic nature of demands results in substantial cost reductions in cloud server deployments. Another benefit of our stochastic optimization approach is the ability to seamlessly integrate configurable risk preferences of cloud providers.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0372 .
Diseño y validación de un instrumento para medir el nivel de participación de los trabajadores en un Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo
Authors: Gutierrez Pablo , Alegre-Quintana Jesus , Agustini-Paredes Liliana
Published: February 2025

Introducción: La seguridad y salud en el trabajo se puede ver afectada por diversos factores internos y externos. Entre ellos, el más importante es el factor humano. El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y validar un cuestionario para medir el nivel de participación de los trabajadores en los sistemas de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo. 
Método: Para el diseño del cuestionario se consultó la normativa peruana y las recomendaciones de instituciones internacionales, entre otros. Para la validación cualitativa se empleó el juicio de expertos, utilizando el coeficiente de validez de contenido (CVC). Para la validación cuantitativa se aplicó el análisis de fiabilidad mediante el coeficiente alpha de Cronbach, análisis de correlación de las preguntas y el análisis de la validez de constructo mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio.
Resultados: Se diseñó un cuestionario de 25 preguntas cuyo CVC fue 0.94. La validación cuantitativa se realizó en la Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, obteniéndose como resultado del análisis de fiabilidad, análisis del constructo y análisis factorial exploratorio la eliminación de 5 preguntas. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró que las 20 preguntas restantes tienen cargas factoriales superiores a 0.50, y el nuevo análisis de fiabilidad presenta un coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0.949.
Conclusiones: Disponer de un cuestionario validado permitirá contribuir a determinar el grado de participación en seguridad y salud en el trabajo en las empresas, y evaluar la necesidad y impacto de las mejoras que sean implementadas.
Caracterización de la exposición laboral a altas temperaturas a partir de datos ecológicos regionales. Argentina, 2005-2023
Authors: Amable Marcelo , Abrutzky Rosana , García Viviana
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Evaluar la exposición a altas temperaturas con datos climáticos regionales de las 23 provincias de Argentina provistos por el Servicio Meteorológico Nacional aplicando parámetros legales de temperatura y humedad de la exposición laboral.
Métodos: Se caracterizó a las provincias durante 2005-2023 con temperaturas y porcentajes de humedad diarios. Se definieron días con temperaturas peligrosas a partir 28ºC y 90% de humedad. Y días con temperaturas fatigosas a partir de 25ºC hasta 28º C junto a una humedad mayor a 85% y menor a 90%.
Resultados: Siete provincias del noroeste y noreste muestran un mayor riesgo de efectos sobre la salud por temperaturas peligrosas. El mapa se amplía al analizar las temperaturas fatigosas, incluyendo otras seis provincias del Centro con clima templado, y registrando temperaturas fatigosas durante los semestres invernales. Identificamos 13 regiones con mayor frecuencia e intensidad de la exposición a altas temperatura y humedad y una tendencia creciente de las temperaturas peligrosas en el período analizado. Se constató que en ocho provincias el riesgo laboral por altas temperaturas no es sólo una situación estival.
Conclusiones: Teniendo en cuenta escenarios climáticos proyectados para el 2030, habrá un aumento importante en el número de días con temperaturas peligrosas en la mayoría de las provincias, mientras que los días con temperaturas fatigosas aumentarán sólo en algunas provincias. Las mismas concentran la mayor proporción de población trabajadora por lo que se podría esperar un incremento de lesiones por accidentes de trabajo debido a altas temperaturas.
La seguridad y salud en el trabajo ante la futura reforma de la Ley de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales
Authors: Benavides Fernando , Ramada José María
Published: February 2025

La carga de enfermedad atribuible al trabajo es enorme, tanto en términos de salud y bienestar de las personas que trabajan, como también en términos de su impacto sobre la riqueza del conjunto del país y el estado de bienestar.
Para hacer frente a estos enormes y complejos retos necesitamos de sistemas de seguridad y salud en el trabajo que garanticen el derecho fundamental a un trabajo seguro y saludable, como ha sido recientemente reconocido por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo en 2022.
La reforma de la Ley de Prevención de Riesgo Laborales, como norma central que afecta de pleno al derecho fundamental a una vida laboral longeva y saludable, ha de contemplar en su aplicación estas interacciones entre el sistema productivo y los sistemas de seguridad social, definido por la Ley General de Seguridad Social, y de salud, definido por la Ley general de Sanidad.
En este sentido, y desde la complejidad que representan los retos ya señalados, y centrando el objetivo fundamental en la reducción de la carga de la enfermedad asociada al trabajo, parece oportuno crear una Agencia estatal con autonomía de gestión que disponga de las competencias adecuadas para avanzar en la consecución del objetivo 8, del trabajo decente y productivo, de la Agenda 2030 de Naciones Unidas.
Challenges in using virtual reality technology for pain relief
Authors: Nagamine Takahiko
Published: February 2025

The present paper addresses two issues pertaining to the use of virtual reality (VR). One issue pertains to the equipment utilized. VR technology can be classified into two main categories: Immersive and non-immersive. The immersive type of technology necessitates the use of substantial equipment, yet it is demonstrably efficacious. Furthermore, the efficacy of this approach is enhanced when combined with relaxation and biofeedback techniques. The other issue is that the efficacy of this approach is diminished when applied to chronic pain, in comparison to acute pain. The relief of chronic pain is a challenging endeavor due to the diminished functionality of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) within the default mode network. Given the close relationship between the mPFC and the reward system dopamine, it is essential to develop a program that activates the reward system dopamine through the use of VR technology.
Gamma-aminobutiric acid-B receptor antibody-related limbic encephalitis due to small cell lung carcinoma: Two case reports
Authors: Myrou Athena D , Spilioti Martha G , Tsolaki Anthoula C , Frontistis Antonis N , Savopoulos Christos G
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (LE) is an inflammatory condition that affects the limbic system, cerebellum, and peripheral nervous system. It causes a range of symptoms including short-term memory loss, impaired cognitive function, behavioral and psychological disorders, and seizures. Paraneoplastic LE can occur when an immune response is activated due to antibodies targeting gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor (GABABR) interacting with antigens on tumor cells and the nervous system, resulting in tumors primarily as small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC).

CASE SUMMARY

We discuss two cases of GABABR antibody-related LE resulting from SCLC. The patients’ symptoms were managed with immunotherapy but ended in premature death due to chemotherapy-related complications.

CONCLUSION

Paraneoplastic syndrome is a notable cause of LE. Early intravenous immunoglobulin therapy may lead to temporary remission.
Total versus robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee replacement (TRAKER) for medial compartment osteorthritis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Clement Nick D. , Scott Chloe E. H. , Macpherson Gavin J. , Simpson Philip M. , Leitch Gillian , Patton James T.
Published: February 2025

Aims

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is associated with an accelerated recovery, improved functional outcomes, and retention of anatomical knee kinematics when compared to manual total knee arthroplasty (mTKA). UKA is not universally employed by all surgeons as there is a higher revision risk when compared to mTKA. Robotic arm-assisted (ra) UKA enables the surgeon to position the prosthesis more accurately when compared to manual UKA, and is associated with improved functional outcomes and a lower early revision risk. Non-randomized data suggests that, when compared to mTKA, raUKA has a clinically meaningful greater functional benefit. This protocol describes a randomized controlled trial that aims to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of raUKA compared to mTKA for individuals with isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

The total versus robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (TRAKER) trial is a patient- and assessor-blinded, pragmatic parallel two-arm randomized superiority trial of adults undergoing elective primary knee arthroplasty for primary medial compartment OA at a single NHS hospital (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05290818). Participants will be randomly allocated on a 1:2 basis to either raUKA or mTKA, respectively. The primary analysis will compare the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) six months after surgery. Secondary outcomes measured at three, six, and 12 months include the OKS, Forgotten Joint Score, patient expectations, EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D), and EQ-visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), patient satisfaction, range of motion, postoperative complications, need for further surgery, resource use, and financial costs. Cost-effectiveness will be measured over a ten-year time span. A total of 159 patients will be randomized (n = 53 raUKA vs n = 106 mTKA) to obtain 80% power to detect a five-point difference in OKS between the groups six months after surgery.

Conclusion

The trial findings will provide evidence about the clinical and cost-effectiveness of raUKA compared to mTKA in patients with isolated medial compartment OA. This will inform future National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines on primary knee arthroplasty in the UK.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2025;6(2):164–177.
FBG cascaded with Michelson based on MCF for simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature
Authors: Hongling Zhang , Qi Yuefeng , Wang Wenhai , Bin Hong , Yanyan Liu
Published: February 2025

A hybrid optical fiber sensor by fiber Bragg grating (FBG) cascaded with Michelson interference is proposed. By combining a FBG in single mode fiber (SMF) with a Michelson interferometer in multi-core fiber (MCF), we fabricate the sensor by FBG cascaded with Michelson. This hybrid fiber sensor can achieve the simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature by monitoring the reflection spectra of FBG and Michelson interferometer. The refractive index sensitivity of the proposed sensing structure is -613.2183nm/RIU. The temperature sensitivity of this sensor is 11.4 pm/℃for FBG and 29.04 pm/℃for Michelson interferometer, respectively.
La fabricación del Trastorno de Identidad Sexual: Estrategias discursivas en la patologización de la transexualidad
Authors: Martínez-Guzmán Antar , Iñiguez-Rueda Lupicinio
Published: February 2025

Actualmente, la transexualidad es considerada una patología psiquiátrica. Esta consideración está establecida a través de la categoría de Trastorno de Identidad de Sexual (TIS), que consta en el Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de Enfermedades Mentales, en su cuarta versión (DSM-IV), publicado por la American Psychiatric Association (APA). Este manual es una referencia internacional muy importante para la práctica de distintos profesionales de la salud y para la creación y distribución de servicios, clasificaciones y protocolos para las personas transexuales. En este trabajo analizamos las estrategias discursivas que operan para establecer la categoría del TIS como un objeto en el ámbito de la salud mental, y para conferirle un estatus de ‘factualidad’. El análisis consiste en la identificación y discusión de actos de habla, implicaturas y otras estrategias retóricas para la ‘construcción de hechos’ en el texto correspondiente al TIS del DSM-IV. Argumentamos que la categoría funciona como un acto fundacional para ‘patologizar’ las identidades que no se ajustan al sistema dominante de género, al tiempo que se presenta como meramente descriptiva de una ‘desviación’ objetiva y externa.
De la argumentación a los modelos de acción/situación en el discurso sobre el tráfico vehicular en Argentina
Authors: Merlino Aldo
Published: February 2025

Este artículo presenta parte de los resultados y conclusiones surgidas de un trabajo de investigación cuyo objetivo fue indagar cuales son los argumentos (modelos argumentales) que los/las conductores/ras presentan al momento de hablar sobre la forma en que conducen y la situación del tráfico vehicular en Argentina. El escrito se concentra en mostrar el modo en que se analizaron los enunciados argumentativos provenientes de las entrevistas realizadas en la investigación, para luego relacionar el proceso de argumentación con el concepto de modelo mental, específicamente con los modelos de acción y situación. Finalmente, se propone un esquema para abordar el análisis de los discursos argumentativos.
Tecnologias discursivas na propaganda de medicamentos
Authors: Ramalho Viviane
Published: February 2025

Neste trabalho, faço uma reflexão, à luz da Análise de Discurso Crítica (Chouliaraki & Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003), sobre sentidos potencialmente ideológicos no gênero “anúncio publicitário de medicamento”. A partir da análise dos textos “Sexo seguro na vida adulta” e “Na hora H, conte conosco”, discuto a emergência de “tecnologias discursivas”, isto é, de manipulações estratégicas da linguagem orientadas para projetos de dominação. As conclusões apontam que certos sentidos implícitos em anúncios de medicamento podem sustentar ideologias naturalizadas, assim como instaurar anseios relacionados a saúde.
Landone, Elena, Los marcadores del discurso y cortesía verbal en español, Berna: Peter Lang, 2009, 390 p. ISBN 978-3-0343-0413-9.
Authors: González Sanz Marina
Published: February 2025

Universidade de Brasília. Núcleo de Estudos de Linguagem e Sociedade (NELiS) | Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile | Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Interuniversitario de Lenguas Modernas Aplicadas (IULMA).
Constantes semánticas en las unidades fraseológicas descorteses
Authors: Castillo Carballo María Auxiliadora
Published: February 2025

En este trabajo se pretende analizar el funcionamiento semántico de las unidades fraseológicas. Nos centramos en las que poseen un claro carácter descortés, aunque, en todo caso, se pueden percibir diferentes grados, ya que las distintas circunstancias comunicativas hacen que el valor disfemístico se intensifique o atenúe. Se hace hincapié en una serie de constantes semánticas presentes en estas unidades, pues se parte de las variadas concepciones que el hablante tiene de la realidad que le rodea para manifestar indiferencia o rechazo. No cabe de que las unidades fraseológicas, por su especial expresividad, son elementos fundamentales para marcar las diversas emociones.
Fluoreszcens sajátsággal bíró funkcionális arany nanoklaszterek
Authors: Gombár Gyöngyi
Published: February 2025

A disszertáció olyan, főként egylépéses „zöldkémiai” szintézis eljárások kidolgozásának lépéseit foglalja össze, ahol a prekurzor tetrakloroaurát-ionok redukciója és a képződő nano-objektumok stabilizálása meghatározóan kismolekulák felhasználásával történik. A kutatómunka magában foglalja a kulcsfontosságú kísérleti körülmények (fémion/ligandum moláris arány, pH, hőmérséklet, reakcióidő) tanulmányozását, illetve a nanodiszperziók széleskörű szerkezeti és optikai jellemzését.Doktori munkám során célul tűztük ki annak vizsgálatát, hogy az említett kísérleti paraméterek szisztematikus változtatása milyen hatással van a képződő Au NCs előállítási folyamatára, illetve azok reprodukálhatóságára, ahol a fémionok redukciójának megvalósítása érdekében újonnan tanulmányozott B-vitamin ill. aromás oldalláncú aminosavak hidroxámsav származékait alkalmazzuk. A szintézisek és tisztítási protokollok kidolgozásán túl az előállított termékek lehetséges hasznosíthatóságának vizsgálata is kiemelt feladatom volt. Felderíteni kívántuk egyrészt az előállított és karakterizált, kéken emittáló, aminosavak hidroxámsav származékaival stabilizált Au NCs szenzorikai területen történő felhasználási lehetőségeit. A fémionok Au NCs-kel történő detektálásáról számottevő szakirodalom áll rendelkezésre, de kevés publikáció tartalmazza a mechanizmusok részleteseb értelmezését. A legígéretesebb fémionok esetén, ahol arra lehetőség adódott feladatom volt a legkisebb kimutatható határérték meghatározása, valamint a fluoreszcencia (PL) kioltási és erősítési folyamatok értelmezése, mechanizmusuk feltárása. Optikai szenzorok fejlesztésén túl antioxidáns sajátsággal rendelkező, B-vitamin származékokkal stabilizált Au NCs előállítása és azok szerkezetvizsgálata is kutatómunkám részét képezte. Mindemellett kísérletet tettünk ezen utóbbi Au NCs marha szérum albuminnal való interakciójának feltérképezésére egyedi méréstechnikák alkalmazásával (felületi plazmon rezonancia (SPR) spektroszkópia, izoterm titrációs kalorimetria (ITC)), melyekre az irodalomban elenyésző adat áll rendelkezésre. A doktori értekezés legfőbb motivációja volt, hogy hazai viszonylatban a fluoreszcens sajátsággal rendelkező nemesfém NCs tanulmányozása egyedi kutatási terület, így az új tudományos eredményekkel a tématerület bővítéséhez szeretnénk hozzájárulni. Mindemellett a szerkezetükkel hangolható, fluoreszcens sajátsággal rendelkező szub-nanométeres struktúrák fontosságára a 2023. évi Kémiai Nobel-díj is rávilágított.
Analyzing Characteristics of Elementary School Students' Frenemyships
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Lee Hansol , Kim Gaeun , Moon Ahyeong
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The term “frenemy,” combining “friend” and “enemy,” can negatively impact peer interactions. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of frenemy relationships among elementary students to help teachers understand and address this dynamic.
Methods: One-on-one interviews were conducted with twelve fifth graders who had experienced frenemy relationships, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed through repetitive comparison, with three researchers independently coding and categorizing results.
Results: Structures of frenemy relationships included equal, hierarchical, and one-sided dynamics, with behaviors like indirect hostility, dual actions, and dependency. The causes included unavoidable situations, friendship deterioration, and social influences. Influences involved psychological anxiety, school maladaptation, and peer relationship issues, while responses included avoidance, emotional expression, and attempts to restore relationships. Subsequent changes were observed with relationship improvement and relationship dissolution.
Conclusion: Teachers should be attentive to superficial friendships, foster a classroom environment for open discussion on peer relationships, and support students in transforming frenemy relationships into healthier connections.
The Current Status and Implications of the Differentiated Korean Language Education
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Cho Youngim , Noh Byoung-Ho
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the educational policies and practices for Korean language learners and to derive implications based on the findings.
Methods: To achieve this, relevant literature was collected and analyzed, including educational support plans announced by the government since 2006, when the government began institutional involvement in Korean language education for target groups, research related to Korean language education, reports from institutions dealing with multicultural students, as well as reports and papers studying the actual state of Korean language education. Based on the analysis of these materials, implications were drawn.
Results: According to the analysis of the data, Korea's “differentiated Korean language education” has been implemented through “ability grouping” according to students' language proficiency. However, rather than achieving the intended outcomes, this approach has widened the academic achievement gap and worsened issues such as school adaptation and school violence. The standardized teaching materials for each level have led teachers to perceive “differentiated education” merely as level-based instruction, preventing the classes from reflecting the diversity of students. Additionally, it was found that the national support policies for Korean language learners were implemented without sufficient in-depth research or theoretical grounding, which led to inevitable trial and error.
Conclusion: The implications drawn from the analysis of the actual state of “tailored Korean language education” are as follows: First, educators involved in Korean language education must be well-versed in differentiated instruction, with a strong commitment to understanding and implementing it in practice. Second, it should be recognized and actively practiced that Korean language education tailored to reflect students' diversity is more effective than level-based instruction (ability grouping) based on students' language proficiency. Third, policies on tailored Korean language education should be grounded not only in second language acquisition theories but also in thorough research on the theory and practice of differentiated education.