bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The application of Temporary Ark Hospitals in controlling COVID‐19 spread: The experiences of one Temporary Ark Hospital, Wuhan, China
Authors: Yuan Yan , Qiu Tao , Wang Tianyu , Zhou Jiangqiao , Ma Yonggang , Liu Xiuheng , Deng Hongping
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) had its evolution in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and now it has spread around the world, resulting in a large number of deaths. Temporary Ark hospitals (TAHs) have played an important role in controlling the spread of the epidemic in the city of Wuhan. Taking one TAH with 800 beds as an example, we summarized details of the layout, setting, working mode of medical staff, patient management, admission standards, discharge standards, and standards for transferring to another hospital, hospital operation, and so on. Over the period of operation, a total of 1124 patients were admitted for treatment. Of these, 833 patients were cured and discharged from the hospital and 291 patients were transferred to other designated hospitals, owing to aggravation of their condition. The achievement was to have zero infection for medical staff, zero in‐hospital deaths among admitted patients, and zero readmission for discharged patients. The rapid deployment of TAH provided a suitable place for treating mild/moderate or no asymptomatic COVID‐19 patients, which successfully helped to control the infection in Wuhan. The successful model of TAH would rapidly and effectively control the spread of COVID‐19 in other cities.
Three Taiwan's domestic family cluster infections of coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Liu Shih‐Feng , Kuo Nai‐Ying , Kuo Ho‐Chang
Published: April 2020

Since the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) was identified in Taiwan 2020.01.21. Several family cluster infections were found later. This study aimed to report family cluster infections and observe subsequent development. We collected domestic family cluster infections among COVID‐19 confirmed cases from 21 January 2020 to 16 March 2020. There were three domestic family clusters infections in this period. The first cluster was cases 19 to 23. The infectious source was a Taiwanese passenger from Zhejiang. The second cluster was cases 24 to 26 and the third cluster was cases 27 to 32. The infectious sources of the latter clusters are currently uncertain. All contacts of three clusters have been isolated and no new confirmed cases have been identified to date. Some measures which have reduced the spread of these three clusters included: First, high suspicion of COVID‐19 for unexplained pneumonia is very important for early detection. Second, immediate epidemic investigation is taken especially COVID‐19 is infectious during the incubation period. Third, when the second and third clusters could not find infectious sources, CECC's press conference let the public know immediately the epidemic situation, so that people could raise their awareness and seek medical treatment or quarantine.
Hypoglycemic effect of soluble polysaccharide and catechins from green tea on inhibiting intestinal transport of glucose
Authors: Lee Yeong‐Eun , Yoo So‐Hee , Chung Jin‐Oh , Park Mi‐Young , Hong Yong‐Deog , Park Si‐Hyun , Park Tae‐Sik , Shim Soon‐Mi
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Water soluble polysaccharide derived from green tea (WSP) is produced as byproducts when catechins were extracted from green tea. Although inhibitory effect of green tea catechins on the glucose transport in small intestine has been studied, the hypoglycemic efficacy of the WSP or its combinational effect has not been studied. In order to investigate hypoglycemic efficacy of the WSP or its combinational effect with green tea extract (GTE), co‐consumption of GTE and WSP with wheat starch was investigated using in vitro digestion coupled with Caco‐2 cells. The mechanism of the intestinal glucose transport was elucidated throughout the gene expression of the intestinal glucose transporters, which included sodium dependent glucose transporter (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).

RESULTS

The co‐digestion of wheat starch with GTE during the small intestinal phase was the most rapidly digested into reducing sugar (73.96 g L−1) compared to itself (48.44 g L−1), WSP (60.35 g L−1), and GTE + WSP (61.81 g L−1). Intestinal glucose transport was 11.82, 7.59, 4.49, and 2.40% for wheat starch, wheat starch with GTE, WSP, and GTE + WSP, respectively. The highest decreased expression pattern in SGLT1 was observed when cells treated with wheat starch + GTE + WSP (0.66‐fold) compared to GTE or WSP treatment.

CONCLUSION

The results suggested that co‐consumption of green tea derived products with wheat starch could delay the intestinal absorption of glucose. Results from the current study suggested that GTE and WSP could be the useful supplements of dietary therapy for hyperglycemia to delay glucose absorption. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Bio‐electrochemical response to sense implant degradation
Authors: Shittu Jibril , Sadeghilaridjani Maryam , Pole Mayur , Ayyagari Aditya , Mukherjee Sundeep
Published: April 2020

In vivo monitoring of biomedical implants to detect early stages of failure is currently unavailable. State‐of‐the‐art imaging techniques do not provide information about small‐scale localized changes in the implant and surrounding environment, which are key to early detection of failure. Here, we discuss different electrochemical responses of implants during degradation which may be utilized to develop biosensors to monitor implant degradation in vivo. This review is focused on identifying the need, potential measurement techniques and degradation response obtained from sensors based on electrochemical signature of biomedical implants. Benefits of designing these novel sensors include continuous monitoring, early failure detection, reduced post‐surgery and prevention of catastrophic failure from implant degradation.
Broadband compact 180° phase shifter based on dumbbell shaped slow wave line
Authors: Xu Liqiang , Yan Binyu , Liu Changjun
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a compact 180° phase shifter with flat phase difference in a wide bandwidth. It is a hybrid structure based on a stub‐loaded line and a switched‐line phase shifter, in which a kind of periodic dumbbell‐shaped slow wave line and T‐shaped short‐ended stub are introduced for miniaturization. The proposed configuration shows a better broadband performance and compact geometric dimension compared with traditional phase shifters. The fractional bandwidths of the proposed structure defined by the return loss of 10 dB and the phase deviation of ±5° were 96% and 77%, respectively.
Design of configurable photonic multiplexer using proton‐exchanged lithium niobate on insulator
Authors: Meerasha Mubarak Ali , Meetei Toijam Sunder , Pandiyan Krishnamoorthy
Published: April 2020

This article investigates the design of proton‐exchanged (PE) lithium niobate on insulator configurable photonic multiplexer (CPM). The photonic multiplexer includes two 1 × 1 Mach‐Zehnder modulator and a directional coupler. The performance of the proposed multiplexer is investigated by a 2D finite‐difference beam propagation method for the wavelength range of 1530 to 1570 nm. The results show a uniform transmission level for the wavelength range of 1530 to 1570 nm for one of the inputs, and for another input, it shows a uniform transmission level for 1530 to 1544 nm, beyond this range, it shows an attenuation of 0.02 dB/nm. The designed CPM is extended to verify the logical functionalities such as AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, and XNOR for the wavelength of 1300 and 1550 nm. The obtained performance metrics ensure its suitability for large‐scale programmable photonic applications.
Precise integration method for solving the seepage‐stress coupling problem in rock mass with singular possibilities of the coupling matrix
Authors: Liu Zhen , Ming Weihua , Du Zuolei , Zhou Cuiying
Published: April 2020

Seepage‐stress coupling is a key problem in the field of geotechnical engineering, and the finite element method is one of the main methods to study seepage‐stress coupling in rock masses. However, the finite element method has issues of poor stability, low efficiency, and low accuracy in the simulation of the seepage‐stress coupling problem. In this paper, the homogeneous saturated rock mass is taken as the object to deduce the control equation based on the Biot's theory. Considering the singularity of the coupling matrix, the discrete equation is converted into a precise integral format, and the equation is solved by the precise integration method to avoid instability and low precision. The precise integration method in this paper has good numerical stability, fast convergence speed, and high simulation accuracy, which effectively facilitates the rapid and stable numerical simulation of the seepage‐stress coupling problem using the equivalent continuum medium model. The validity and accuracy of the precise integration method for seepage‐stress coupling problems are verified by numerical examples.
Impact of regular perturbations in input constrained optimal control problems
Authors: Maamria D. , Chaplais F. , Sciarretta A. , Petit N.
Published: April 2020

This article explores the impact of regular perturbations (ie, small terms) in input constrained optimal control problems for nonlinear systems. In detail, it is shown that perturbation terms of magnitude ε appearing in the dynamics or the cost function lead to a variation of magnitude Kε2 in the optimal cost. The scale factor K can be estimated from the nominal (ε=0) solution and the analytic expressions of the perturbations. This result extends existing results that have been established in the absence of input constraints. Technically, the result is proven by means of interior penalties which allow constructing a sequence of suboptimal feasible solutions. Two numerical examples serve as illustration.
Melatonin Use in Hospitalized Children for Non‐Anesthetic Indications: A Systematic Review
Authors: Procaccini David E. , Lobner Katie , Anton Blair , Kudchadkar Sapna R.
Published: April 2020

Melatonin, a potent free radical scavenger, plays an important role in homeostasis of cell and organ physiology. The increased demand and synthesis from the pineal gland during times of oxidative stress suggests a potential benefit of melatonin supplementation during hospitalization for acute illness. Yet, the paucity of clinical studies for non‐anesthetic–associated indications in pediatric populations hampers the safe, effective, and consistent use of melatonin. The objective of this study was to systematically review published studies of melatonin use for non‐sedative and non‐analgesic indications in hospitalized pediatric patients. We conducted a search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, and Scopus databases for articles on the use of melatonin for pediatric patients in a hospital setting. Thirteen eligible studies, all in neonates, were identified. Data elements extracted included study design, number of study subjects, indication for melatonin therapy, and melatonin regimen (formulation, dosage, and duration). Because study methodologies were very heterogeneous, a quantitative synthesis of the published findings was not possible. The identified studies were therefore categorized by the indication of melatonin (adjuvant‐antioxidant or anti‐inflammatory therapy) in the following specific disease states: (i) acute infections, (ii) respiratory distress syndrome, (iii) neurologic injury, and (iv) jaundice. The current data suggest that melatonin is safe for use in hospitalized neonates. Melatonin may be beneficial for reducing inflammatory markers in neonatal patients with disease states and clinical sequelae that are associated with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Melatonin, in conjunction with phototherapy, is not superior to use of vitamin D with phototherapy for treatment of neonatal jaundice. However, studies in other pediatric populations are needed given widespread use across clinical inpatient settings.
Process safety incidents across 14 industries
Authors: Bhusari Anvaya , Goh Amous , Ai Huan , Sathanapally Sai , Jalal Mehfouz , Mentzer Ray A.
Published: April 2020

Many think of process safety incidents as loss of containment events in the chemical and refining industries. In this work, we note severe/catastrophic process safety incidents across a wide spectrum of 14 industries, including agriculture, food, fireworks, manufacturing, and mining. Eighty‐one incidents were reviewed, generally at least three per industry, as well as noteworthy historic incidents. We searched for global incidents of significance in terms of lives lost, damage, and environmental impact, focusing on incidents during this century with the availability of modern technology and practices. Data captured and analyzed per incident‐included region/location, on‐going operation, number of fatalities, damage, whether damage was confined to the plant, where available. Most of the incidents studied resulted in more than $1 million damage and many more than $1 billion. Most important, we sought the factors contributing to the incidents, in search of common ones per industry, and then those most prevalent across all 14 industries. The most common contributing factors are safety culture, emergency preparedness, and mechanical integrity.
Development of High‐Efficiency n‐Type Front and Back Contact Passivated Emitter and Rear Locally Diffused Solar Cells Using Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Phosphosilicate Glass and Laser Processing
Authors: Yan Xia , Chen Ning , Bin Suhaimi Firdaus , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Qi , Jin Hao , Shanmugam Vinodh , Duttagupta Shubham
Published: April 2020

Industrial bifacial n‐type front and back contact (nFAB) silicon solar cells, consisting of a boron‐doped p+ emitter and a phosphorus‐doped n+ back surface field (BSF), are known to give good bifaciality, high and stabilized efficiency. One possible approach to further enhance the cell efficiency is to convert conventional passivated emitter and rear totally diffused (PERT) into rear locally diffused (PERL) structure. Herein, bifacial nFAB PERT and PERL cells are fabricated by combining atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) of phosphosilicate glass (PSG) as doping source and laser processing. For PERL cells, two approaches are studied to locally form phosphorus‐doped BSF: 1) laser doping, and 2) laser ablation of a diffusion barrier layer. For ablation approach, an alkaline treatment is introduced immediately after laser process, which leads to the formation of locally textured BSF. Due to this locally textured contact, the resultant fill factor (FF) and series resistance (Rs) loss of the PERL cells are even less than that of the reference PERT cells. As a result, the champion cell of PERL shows a good efficiency of 21.3% with open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 662 mV, short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 39.6 mA cm−2, and a high FF of 81.1%.
Observable Vibronic Modes, Visible Luminescence, and Dewetting Response Mediated via Increased Roughness due to Splitting of WS2 Nanosheets by Energetic Xe+ Ions
Authors: Hazarika Saurabh J. , Kulriya Pawan Kumar , Mohanta Dambarudhar
Published: April 2020

Herein, the hydrothermally derived, multilayered nanoscale WS2 subjected to 80 keV Xe+ ion irradiation with ion fluence varying in the range 1 × 1015–5 × 1016 ions cm−2 is reported. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging analysis reveals adequate splitting of stacks and consequent development of several layer sheets. Interestingly, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies exhibit several hillocks and craters in the postirradiated WS2, thereby enhancing the overall surface roughness (Rq) of specimens. Typically, Rq varies in the range 101–211 nm due to ion impact. This does not only influence the nature of visible emission features in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra but also Stoke's shift, suggesting strong electron–phonon coupling after radiation exposure. Moreover, Raman spectra of the studied systems reveal noticeable blue‐shifting of the Raman‐active E12g and A1g modes and also remarkable improvement in the E12g‐to‐A1g intensity ratio, ranging from 0.72 to 0.87. Finally, contact angle measurements carried out on specimen surfaces show a clear transition from the hydrophilic to hydrophobic behavior due to the irradiation‐induced increased surface roughness feature. The study can offer immense scope in components relevant to nano‐electromechanics, self‐cleaning, and nanocoatings and also where the switchable bifunctional property is invariably desired.
Hyperuniform and rigid stable matchings
Authors: Andreas Klatt Michael , Last Günter , Yogeshwaran D.
Published: April 2020

We study a stable partial matching τ of the d‐dimensional lattice with a stationary determinantal point process Ψ on Rd with intensity α>1. For instance, Ψ might be a Poisson process. The matched points from Ψ form a stationary and ergodic (under lattice shifts) point process Ψτ with intensity 1 that very much resembles Ψ for α close to 1. On the other hand Ψτ is hyperuniform and number rigid, quite in contrast to a Poisson process. We deduce these properties by proving more general results for a stationary point process Ψ, whose so‐called matching flower (a stopping set determining the matching partner of a lattice point) has a certain subexponential tail behavior. For hyperuniformity, we also additionally need to assume some mixing condition on Ψ. Furthermore, if Ψ is a Poisson process then Ψτ has an exponentially decreasing truncated pair correlation function.
The Application of Nanofiltration for Separating Aluminium and Lithium from Lepidolite Leaching Solution
Authors: Gao Lin , Wang Huaiyou , Zhao Youjing , Wang Min
Published: April 2020

This paper concerns the feasibility of separating Al3+ and Li+ by nanofiltration, and a new method for separating and recovering lithium from lepidolite leaching solution was proposed. Factors like salinity, mass ratio of Al3+/Li+, operating pressure, temperature and proportion of SO42− were investigated under single‐stage cycle mode. Multiple linear regression was used to further study the mixed effect of pressure and temperature on separation efficiency and membrane flux. The results suggest that the combination of charge effect and steric hindrance effect plays a decisive role in the separation of lithium and aluminum. When the salinity of the feed solution is 45 g/L and the mass ratio of Al/Li is 6, a combination of higher temperature and pressure within the range that the membrane can withstand is beneficial to improve separation efficiency. And a proper amount of SO42− is beneficial for the separation of aluminum and lithium. Overall, it is found that nanofiltration has a relatively good separation efficiency of lithium and aluminum and provided a novel vision for future separation from lepidolite leaching solution.
Novel 1‐O‐Sulfono‐α‐d‐Fructofuranosyl Sulfones as Possible Inhibitors of Human GnT‐I Enzyme
Authors: Jakubčinová Jana , Kozmon Stanislav , Šesták Sergej , Baráth Marek
Published: April 2020

Library of a new class of C‐1 monosulfated saccharide derivatives derived from D‐fructofuranose have been synthesized as potential GnT‐I inhibitors. To increase stability of originally proposed thioglycosides, the compounds were oxidized to sulfones bearing three different aglycons; ethyl, 2‐methyl propyl (isopropyl) and phenyl. Here we present molecular modelling, synthesis and biological assays of prepared compounds.
Pre‐rehabilitation sense of coherence as a predictor of symptom change after rehabilitation
Authors: Schäfer Sarah K. , Schanz Christian G. , Sopp M. Roxanne , Lass‐Hennemann Johanna , Käfer Michael , Michael Tanja
Published: April 2020

Sense of coherence (SOC) constitutes the key component of salutogenesis theory. It reflects individuals' confidence that their environment is comprehensible and manageable and that their lives are meaningful. Research demonstrates a strong cross‐sectional relationship between SOC and mental health. However, little is known about SOC's temporal stability and its potential to predict changes in psychopathological symptom severity in different settings. The goal of the current study was to address this gap. The sample of the two‐wave longitudinal study consists of 294 patients receiving inpatient psychotherapeutic (and psychopharmacological) treatment for various psychological disorders at a German psychosomatic rehabilitation clinic. SOC (Antonovsky, Social Science & Medicine, 1993, 36, 725–733) and outcome measures (i.e., general mental health problems, depression and anxiety symptoms) were assessed within two days of arrival and at the end of rehabilitation (week 5/6). SOC was significantly enhanced after treatment whereas psychopathological symptoms were significantly reduced. Regression analyses revealed that pre‐treatment SOC was a significant negative predictor of post‐treatment symptom severity for all outcome measures even after controlling for pre‐treatment symptoms. The current findings provide first evidence that SOC is a significant unique predictor of symptom change. Future studies need to further investigate longitudinal associations between SOC and mental health outcomes in different settings.
Case Study on the Correlation between Crystal Packing and Miscibility of Chlorinated Thiophene–Based Donor Polymers for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with Long Shelf Life
Authors: Jeon Sung Jae , Han Yong Woon , Kim Young Hoon , Moon Doo Kyung
Published: April 2020

Nonfullerene organic solar cells (NFOSCs) have proven to have greater potential in terms of efficiency than fullerene‐based OSCs. However, the heterogeneity of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs)‐based blend morphology is complex, making it difficult to understand, especially as its optimization requires that compatibility among the molecules be considered. Herein, P(Cl)(F = 0.5) is newly synthesized with a type of terpolymer to increase compatibility with NFAs relative to that of conventional polymers. As a result, the combination of P(Cl)(F = 0.5) with IDIC increases its power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 12.1%, compared with that of P(Cl):ITIC‐Th and P(F‐Cl):IT‐4F. However, during the shelf life stability of optimized devices without encapsulation, a rapid decrease in the efficiency of P(Cl)(F = 0.5):IDIC and P(F‐Cl):IT‐4F is observed; the PCEs of P(Cl) (F = 0.5):IDIC and P(F‐Cl):IT‐4F decrease to 24.1% and 43.5% of their initial values for up to 350 and 398 h, respectively. On the contrary, P(Cl):ITIC‐Th exhibits superior longterm air stability with a PCE decrease of −2% (for 317‐h) and 9% (for 2002‐h) compared with the initial PCE. To understand this phenomenon, the correlation between crystallinity and miscibility of blend films is systematically investigated. In short, the balanced crystallinity and miscibility of donor and acceptor induces a relatively more stable morphology.
Buckling of a clamped strip‐like beam with a linear pre‐stress distribution
Authors: Schmidrathner Christian
Published: April 2020

A thin linear elastic strip is clamped at both ends and subjected to a linear stress distribution across its width. We use Kirchhoff beam theory to study this problem. If displacements out of the strips own plane are prohibited, the straight configuration remains stable as long as the compression is not too high. With the three‐dimensional spatial description of the rod theory, we find possible buckling modes even in the case of average tensile stresses in the beam. Comparison with shell and beam finite elements shows excellent agreement with the analytical investigation, also with respect to the supercritical behavior.
Entanglement entropy and the large N expansion of two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Donnelly William , Timmerman Sydney , Valdés-Meller Nicolás
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory is a useful model of an exactly solvable gauge theory with a string theory dual at large N. We calculate entanglement entropy in the 1/N expansion by mapping the theory to a system of N fermions interacting via a repulsive entropic force. The entropy is a sum of two terms: the “Boltzmann entropy,” log dim(R) per point of the entangling surface, which counts the number of distinct microstates, and the “Shannon entropy,” − Σ p

R
log p

R
, which captures fluctuations of the macroscopic state. We find that the entropy scales as N
2 in the large N limit, and that at this order only the Boltzmann entropy contributes. We further show that the Shannon entropy scales linearly with N, and confirm this behaviour with numerical simulations. While the term of order N is surprising from the point of view of the string dual — in which only even powers of N appear in the partition function — we trace it to a breakdown of large N counting caused by the replica trick. This mechanism could lead to corrections to holographic entanglement entropy larger than expected from semiclassical field theory.
On Holditch’s theorem
Authors: Cieślak Waldemar , Martini Horst , Mozgawa Witold
Published: April 2020

In this paper we present a certain modification of the Holditch construction. This construction allows to consider a geometric family of pairs of ring domains. It is proved that the ratio of areas of ring domains of each pair belonging to this family is constant. Problems on extremal chords of constant length sliding around a given oval with both endpoints on it are also considered.
Neue Herausforderungen für die Anästhesie durch den Klimawandel
Authors: Koch S. , Pecher S.
Published: April 2020

Hintergrund

Die Klimakrise stellt die größte Bedrohung der globalen Gesundheit im 21. Jh. dar. Treibhausgasemissionen westlicher Länder sind zu 5–10 % dem Gesundheitssektor zuzurechnen; hierzu tragen energieintensive Abteilungen (Intensivmedizin, OP-Bereich und Rettungsdienst) maßgeblich bei.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel der Arbeit ist es, Hintergrundwissen und praktische Tipps zum Erreichen eines klimafreundlichen Krankenhauses zu geben.

Material und Methoden

Narrativer Review mit Hintergrundwissen zu den Themenfeldern: (I) inhalative Anästhetika als Treibhausgase, (II) Energieversorgung im Krankenhaus und (III) Abfallwirtschaft.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

(I) Volatile Anästhetika sind hochpotente Treibhausgase; vor allem Desfluran sticht mit einer sehr hohen Global Warming Potenz (GWP) heraus. Einen geringeren Klimaeinfluss haben die totale intravenöse Anästhesie (TIVA) oder Regionalanästhesieverfahren. (II) Krankenhäuser sollten auf erneuerbare Energien umsteigen und gezielte Energiesparmaßnahmen (Leuchtdioden [LED], Bewegungssensoren etc.) implementieren. (III) Ein Abfallmanagement nach dem Konzept „Reduce, reuse, recycle, rethink, research“ kann die Müllproduktion im Krankenhaus reduzieren. Ärzte/Ärztinnen sollten aktiv dazu beitragen, die Klimaziele zu erreichen.
„Terror awareness“ bei Humanmedizinstudierenden im 5. Jahr des Mannheimer Reformierten Curriculums Medizin plus
Authors: Suda Arnold J. , Höppchen Isabel
Published: April 2020

Hintergrund

Die Behandlung von Schuss- und Explosionsverletzungen, wie sie nach Terroranschlägen auftreten, wird aktuell an den medizinischen Fakultäten kaum gelehrt. Durch die Anschläge in Deutschland und Europa gewinnt dies jedoch zunehmend an Bedeutung. Ziel der Untersuchung war es, das Wissen um den Umgang mit sowie die Behandlung von Patienten in Terrorlagen von Studierenden der Humanmedizin im 5. Studienjahr im Mannheimer Reformierten Curriculum der Medizin (MaReCuM plus) vor und nach einem spezifischen Seminar zu evaluieren.

Methodik

Den Studierenden wurde vor dem Seminar ein Fragebogen mit 6 Fragen zu Vorwissen zum Thema Terror awareness ausgehändigt. Die Teilnahme war freiwillig. Nach dem Seminar wurde ein weiterer, nahezu identischer Fragebogen mit 6 Fragen ausgehändigt und von den Studierenden ausgefüllt.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt 97 Studierende nahmen an der Untersuchung teil, davon 53 Frauen. Das mittlere Alter lag bei 25,4 Jahren (SD ± 2,75). Die Studierenden wollten nach der Vorlesung statistisch signifikant das Thema vertiefend bearbeiten und sind der Meinung, dass sich Krankenhäuser auf die Behandlung von Terroropfern vorbereiten müssen.

Schlussfolgerung

Durch das Seminar „Einsatzmedizin“, welches im MaReCuM plus im 5. Studienjahr abgehalten wird, konnte das Interesse am Thema signifikant gesteigert werden. Erstmals konnte gezeigt werden, dass Terror und entsprechende Verletzungsmuster für Studierende der Humanmedizin von Interesse sind. Eine Berücksichtigung dieses Themenkomplexes in den Studiengängen wäre damit gerechtfertigt.
Correction to: Global Survey of Perceptions of the Surgical Safety Checklist Among Medical Students, Trainees, and Early Career Providers
Authors: Panda Nikhil , Koritsanszky Luca , Delisle Megan , Anyomih Theophilus T. K. , Desai Eesha V. , Sonnay Yves , Molina George , Madani Katayoun , Vervoort Dominique , Weiser Thomas G. , Benjamin Evan M. , Haynes Alex B.
Published: April 2020

In the original version of the article, Dominique Vervoort's last name was misspelled. It is correct as reflected here. The original article has been updated.
The management of gynecological complications in long-term survivors after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation—a single-center real-life experience
Authors: Klasa Łukasz , Sadowska-Klasa Alicja , Piekarska Agnieszka , Wydra Dariusz , Zaucha Jan Maciej
Published: April 2020

In everyday gynecological practice, there is an unmet need to manage survivors after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). The major gynecological complications include premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) of the anogenital zone (cGVHDgyn), and secondary neoplasms. Aiming to assess a real-life scale of problems associated with HCT, we performed a detailed analysis of a consecutive series of females after allo-HCT who were referred for a routine gynecological evaluation. The study includes 38 females after allo-HCT in whom gynecological examination with cervical smear and USG were performed, followed by colposcopy according to NCCN guidelines. NIH scoring system was used to classify a grade of cGVHDgyn. The incidence of cGVHD was 71% whereas GVHDgyn was 29%, including 5 patients with score 3 at the time of diagnosis. The other manifestations (frequently noted) included the skin, mucosa, eyes, and liver. Menopause was diagnosed in 93% females, and in 81% of them, POI criteria were fulfilled. Ovarian function resumed in 2 cases. The rate of abnormal cytology was 26%: 4 ASCUS, 1 AGUS, 1 LSIL, 3 HSIL/ASC-H, and one cytological suspicion of cervical cancer. GVHDgyn was documented in 10 patients, and 6 of them had abnormal cervical cytology. Early topical estrogen therapy led to a significant reduction in vaginal dryness (p < 0.05), dyspareunia (p < 0.05), and less frequent cGVHDgyn (p < 0.05). GVHDgyn develops in about 30% of long-term allo-HCT survivors. Topical estrogens and hormonal replacement therapy alleviate symptoms and prevent the occurrence of severe consequences of menopause.
Long-term effectiveness of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel on motor and non-motor symptoms in advanced Parkinson’s disease: results of the Italian GLORIA patient population
Authors: Antonini Angelo , Marano Pietro , Gusmaroli Graziano , Modugno Nicola , Pacchetti Claudio , Sensi Mariachiara , Melzi Gabriella , Bergmann Lars , Zibetti Maurizio , Lopiano Leonardo
Published: April 2020

Introduction

The GLORIA registry included 375 advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and evaluated the efficacy and safety of a 24-month levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) treatment in routine medical care. This analysis focuses on the Italian population, 60 patients treated with LCIG in 7 specialised PD care centres.

Methods

Hours of “Off” and “On” time were assessed with a modified version of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part IV items 39 and 32. Motor fluctuations, dyskinesia, non-motor symptoms, quality of life and safety were evaluated.

Results

Overall, 42 (70%) out of 60 patients completed the registry. LCIG treatment reduced “Off” time (− 3.3 ± 2.7 h at month 24 (M24), P < 0.0001), increased “On” time with dyskinesia (− 2.6 ± 5.2 h at M12, P = 0.0160), and improved UPDRS II and UPDRS III total scores at M24 (− 4.5 ± 10.6, P = 0.0333 and − 4.9 ± 11.7, P = 0.0229, respectively), Non-Motor Symptom Scale (NMSS) total score (− 21.8 ± 28.5, P < 0.0001) and Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-8 item (PDQ-8) total score (− 12.5 ± 23.9, P = 0.0173) versus previous oral therapy. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) possibly or probably related to treatment were reported in 16 (28.6%) patients. Decreased weight (7.1%), polyneuropathy (7.1%) and abdominal pain (5.4%) were the most frequent ADRs while device malfunction (5.4%) and medical device change (5.4%) were the most reported device complaints.

Conclusions

LCIG improved motor fluctuations, non-motor symptoms and quality of life over 24 months while tolerability was consistent with the established safety profile.
On metaphysically necessary laws from physics
Authors: Linnemann Niels
Published: April 2020

How does metaphysical necessity relate to the modal force often associated with natural laws (natural necessity)? Fine (2002) argues that natural necessity can neither be obtained from metaphysical necessity via forms of restriction nor of relativization — and therefore pleads for modal pluralism concerning natural and metaphysical necessity. Wolff (Philosophy of Science, 80(5), 898–906, 2013) aims at providing illustrative examples in support of applying Fine’s view to the laws of nature with specific recourse to the laws of physics: On the one hand, Wolff takes it that equations of motion can count as examples of physical laws that are only naturally but not metaphysically necessary. On the other hand, Wolff argues that a certain conservation law obtainable via Noether’s second theorem is an instance of a metaphysically necessary physical law. I show how Wolff’s example for a putatively metaphysically necessary conservation law fails but argue that so-called topological currents can nevertheless count as metaphysically necessary conservation laws carrying physical content. I conclude with a remark on employing physics to answer questions in metaphysics.
Oil well casing cement flash setting problem causes and identification strategy based on cheese model
Authors: Leksir Abdeslem
Published: April 2020

This paper deals with oil well cementing flash setting problem definition, interpretation and localization via PABM (phenomenon analysis-based method) and Swiss cheese model investigation. Cementing is the most critical job throughout the well realization process; it presents the face of the well during production or abandonment. Within cement job some, problems come out and could lead to lose the well objectives, and it can be classified as cementing program’s awkward or operational hitches. This work is oriented toward operational stage, even if cement program and preparation seem in the rules of the art, the execution stage can interrupt the smooth running of cement job. Flash setting is one of the most critical problems that could be occurred, and it can be recognized by the prior increases in pressure to reach unpumpable stage. Identifying flash setting phenomenon and distinguishing them from other operational comportment stay hard task and present the heart of this work. Consequences could be varied from simple cement left inside casing to total free pipe of the annulus. PABM together with cheese model is proposed to be used for deep analysis of flash setting problems and points out the real causes, if they exist, rather than flash setting. The method proposed includes five steps, description of the operation, phenomenon, assumptions, cheese model and conclusion. The three first steps construct operation scrutiny, and the fourth step represents PABM. In this latter method, assumptions will pass through a selective process made from operation facts, and only the adequate assumption reaches the last layer of the model. Practical cases have been detailed to point out the merit of this method and distinguishing flash setting from other related cement problems.
Isothermal study of asphaltene adsorption over 4A, 13X, ZSM-5, clinoptilolite zeolites, and phoslock
Authors: Baninaam Maryam , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Abbasian Ahmad Reza
Published: April 2020

The paper reports the adsorption studies of asphaltenes of Iran’s heavy crude oil on some natural and synthetic alumino-silicates. Asphaltenes were precipitated using n-heptane. Toluene was used as a precipitating solvent of asphaltenes and several zeolites including 4A, ZSM-5, Clinoptilolite, and La-modified bentonite (Phoslock) as adsorbents. FTIR analysis indicated the asphaltenes which comprise a complex of aromatic, aliphatic, and polar compounds. The pore size and outer surface area of the adsorbents were determined by BET method and the following order was found between outer surface areas: ZSM-5 (238.27 m2 g−1) > Clinoptilolite (28.75 m2 g−1) > Phoslocks (27.92 m2 g−1) > zeolite 4A (21.11 m2 g−1) > Zeolite 13X (317.24 m2 g−1). Besides, the adsorption isotherms were investigated with the conventional isotherm models and it was indicated that the Langmuir isotherm fitted the experimental data. Zeolite 13X with the highest specific surface area and pore size exhibited the maximum adsorption capacity, indicating that there is a direct relationship between surface area and adsorption capacity. However, it seems that the pore size effect is more prominent because of the large size of asphaltene’s molecules.
Zonal disintegration test of deep tunnel under plane strain conditions
Authors: Tian Zhichao , Tang Chun’an , Liu Yejiao , Tang Yibo
Published: April 2020

To investigate the zonal disintegration form of the surrounding rock in deep tunnels, model tests were performed in the simulation set-up of fracture mechanism and support technology of surrounding rock in deep tunnel. The test results illustrate that the first fracture of the surrounding rock occurred at the intersection of the tunnel floor and the side wall. After more serious destruction, the side wall and the vault were destroyed. Although the fracture width of each surrounding rock mass was distinct, they were relatively uniform with a nearly continuous fracture form. The width of the split bodies of the model tunnels (i.e., the annular zonal disintegration area) developed with an increasing load. It was observed from the fitting curves of the data that all radial strain values of the surrounding rock were more symmetric with a smooth fitting curve, and the maximum value occurred near the tunnel wall before reducing instantly. The circumferential strain values were dispersed and the data were inconsistent with the fitting curve, which caused some data to be unreliable. The phenomenon of zonal disintegration was primarily caused by radial tension strain of the surrounding rock. This phenomenon would not extend indefinitely as the rupture range would be limited to a certain extent, because the maximum radial tension strain of the surrounding rock was less than the limiting value.
Maintaining Traditions: Food and Identity among Early Immigrants to Upper Canada
Authors: Tourigny Eric D.
Published: April 2020

A critical examination of the relationships between food and identity is explored among early British and American Loyalist settlers in Upper Canada (southern Ontario) from the late 18th to the late 19th centuries. This research synthesizes zooarchaeological data from the region and interprets these alongside historical texts to address how meat was incorporated into early immigrant diets. Previous scholarship generally agreed that pork played a dominant role in Upper Canadian cuisine and that residents first settling in the area were particularly reliant on wild meat resources. Archaeological evidence suggests this was not the case. Results and discussions highlight the influence of British working-class traditions on Upper Canadian identities and the development of regional cuisines in southern Ontario. Parallels are drawn to anthropological and sociological studies of migrant foodways, encouraging archaeologists to consider the importance of maintaining food traditions when examining early immigrant assemblages.
Expert recommendations on blood purification treatment protocol for patients with severe COVID‐19☆
Authors: Yang Xiang‐Hong , Sun Ren‐Hua , Zhao Ming‐Yan , Chen Er‐Zhen , Liu Jiao , Wang Hong‐Liang , Yang Rong‐Li , Chen De‐Chang
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) was first diagnosed in Wuhan in December 2019. The World Health Organization defined the subsequent outbreak of COVID‐19 worldwide as a public health emergency of international concern. Epidemiological data indicate that at least 20% of COVID‐19 patients have severe disease. In addition to impairment of the respiratory system, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication. Immune damage mediated by cytokine storms and concomitant AKI is a key factor for poor prognosis. Based on previous experience of blood purification for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome combined with clinical front‐line practice, we developed a blood purification protocol for patients with severe COVID‐19. This protocol is divided into four major steps. The first step is to assess whether patients with severe COVID‐19 require blood purification. The second step is to prescribe a blood purification treatment for patients with COVID‐19. The third step is to monitor and adjust parameters of blood purification. The fourth step is to evaluate the timing of discontinuation of blood purification. It is expected that blood purification will play a key role in effectively reducing the mortality of patients with severe COVID‐19 through the standardized implementation of the present protocol.
Mental Illness Prevalence and Disparities Among Hurricane Sandy Survivors: A 2-Year Retrospective
Authors: Ma Chenyi , Smith Tony Edward , Iversen Roberta Rehner
Published: April 2020

This study examined mental health status among Hurricane Sandy survivors in the most severely damaged areas of New York and New Jersey in 2014, approximately 2 years after this disaster. We used the 2014 Associated Press NORC survey of 1009 Sandy survivors to measure the prevalence of probable mental illness and to analyze its association with selected socioeconomic characteristics of survivors, direct impact by Sandy, as well as social support and social trust. The study found major disparities in mental illness by race/ethnicity, age groups, and employment status. Higher Sandy impact levels were strongly associated with higher rates of mental illness and accounted for much of the disparity between blacks and Hispanics compared with whites in our study group. Social support was more strongly associated with lower rates of mental illness than was social trust. In addition, social support served as a significant mitigating factor in the mental health disparities between blacks and whites. The severity of mental illness among Sandy survivors differed significantly among racial and ethnic groups but was moderated by both the direct impact of this disaster on their lives and the degree of social support they received, as well as how trusting they were.
Surprisingly small: effects of “generous” social benefits on re-employment of (quasi-) jobless households
Authors: Lehwess-Litzmann René , Nicaise Ides
Published: April 2020

This article analyses whether the extent of public welfare provision influences the speed at which (quasi-)jobless households get (back) into employment. (Quasi-)joblessness is one of the key criteria defining the risk of poverty and social exclusion in the EU. Moreover, the perceived tension between the main functions of social benefits (protecting households from poverty and incentivising job search) is most acute among these households. Based on EU-SILC data, we examine changes of household work intensity during one year after benefit receipt. We observe that “more-generous” social benefits have a slightly negative impact. This can potentially be due to a disincentive effect of social benefits, but it can also mean that the additional financial leeway is used by job seekers to wait for more adequate job offers or engage in further training. Even though statistically significant, the estimated negative effects are very small.
Learning in late career stages in Europe – gendered effects of retirement policies
Authors: Melesk Kirsti
Published: April 2020

Institutional contexts shape learning participation throughout the course of life. Combining micro-data on adult education from 26 European countries with country-level indicators on retirement systems in multi-level logistic regression models, the focus is on analysis of participation in non-formal learning among people aged 50–64 and its interactions with retirement policies. The analysis makes use of the largest sample of European countries used so far for exploring the issue. For the first time, gender differences in retirement policies are considered. The results imply that for all women and highly educated men, participation in non-formal training is higher when retirement age in the country is set at 65 years or higher. However, men with less education do not profit from a higher retirement age because their training participation remains unaffected by retirement policies. In the current analysis, training participation in older age groups remains unaffected by the generosity of pensions. The results outline gender differences in learning participation in older age groups. Also, after the age of 50, men with a low education are at particular risk of labour market exclusion and unemployment because the retirement age in European countries keeps rising and technological advancements make additional demands on workers’ skills.
Results of the Zurich Cohort Study: course of anxiety and depression
Authors: Vollrath M. , Angst J.
Published: April 2020

In a longitudinal cohort study of young adults from the Canton of Zurich in Switzerland, the course of anxiety and depressive disorders was examined in 3 interviews over a period of 7 years. The 1-year prevalence rates of panic disorders (including a milder form), generalized anxiety disorder, major depression, and recurrent brief depression were similar from age 21–28 yr. Females prevailed among all diagnoses, their preponderance being strongest for mild panic and major depression. No differential course could be found for the 3 initial diagnostic groups in 1979: the pure anxiety disorders, the pure depression, and the mixed anxiety – depression. Their courses were very similar: 41–52'% recovered, 24–41% developed pure depression, 14–15% manifested a mixed anxious – depressive syndrome, and 5–10% manifested pure anxiety. Compared to controls, all 3 groups showed a tendency to develop into mixed cases and to manifest more recurrences. When the diagnostic information of all 3 interviews was cumulated into longitudinal diagnostic groups, however, differences emerged with respect to severity and chronicity of the disorders. Cases of mixed anxiety-depression were treated more often than cases of pure anxiety or pure depression. Furthermore, in a longitudinal perspective, the mixed cases received a diagnosis more frequently than the cases of pure anxiety disorders or pure depressive disorders, and thus were found to be more recurrent or chronic. With respect to course prediction, a single diagnosis does not differentiate sufficiently and more longitudinal diagnostic information should be taken into account to enhance the certainty of prediction of course and outcome.