bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NF2 is Essential for Human Endoderm Development
Authors: Jeong Minjin , Han Dongjun , Bhetariya Preetida , Welling D. Bradley , Stojkovic Miodrag , Stankovic Konstantina M.
Published: February 2025

Vertebrate embryogenesis requires the precisely timed specification of 3 germ cell layers— ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm— which give rise to tissues and organs in the developing organism. The tumor suppressor gene NF2, moesin‐ezrin‐radixin like (MERLIN) tumor suppressor (Nf2) is expressed in all 3 germ layers during mouse development and its homozygous deletion causes embryonic lethality. People with heterozygous NF2 mutations typically develop Schwann cell tumors, especially vestibular schwannoma, but the specific role of NF2 in human embryonic development is unclear. Here, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are used to demonstrate that NF2 is essential for endoderm specification and formation in humans. Although endoderm differentiation is not impaired in hiPSCs with heterozygous NF2 mutation, NF2 knockout (NF2−/−) abolished the capacity to form endoderm in vitro, confirmed by loss of expression of endoderm‐related genes and proteins, or teratomas in vivo. This defect is mediated by the nuclear translocation of yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1), a transcription co‐activator regulating lineage fate via the Hippo pathway and subsequent YAP1‐mediated shutdown of Activin/Nodal signaling. Endoderm formation can be rescued via YAP1 knockdown or forced re‐expression of NF2 in NF2−/− cells. Taken together, the essential role of NF2 during endoderm specification in human embryogenesis as a regulator of YAP1 is reported.
Deep Learning Combined with Quantitative Structure‒Activity Relationship Accelerates De Novo Design of Antifungal Peptides
Authors: Yin Kedong , Li Ruifang , Zhang Shaojie , Sun Yiqing , Huang Liang , Jiang Mengwan , Xu Degang , Xu Wen
Published: February 2025

Novel antifungal drugs that evade resistance are urgently needed for Candida infections. Antifungal peptides (AFPs) are potential candidates due to their specific mechanism of action, which makes them less prone to developing drug resistance. An AFP de novo design method, Deep Learning‐Quantitative Structure‒Activity Relationship Empirical Screening (DL‐QSARES), is developed by integrating deep learning and quantitative structure‒activity relationship  empirical screening. After generating candidate AFPs (c_AFPs) through the recombination of dominant amino acids and dipeptide compositions, natural language processing models are utilized and quantitative structure‒activity relationship (QSAR) approaches based on physicochemical properties to screen for promising c_AFPs. Forty‐nine promising c_AFPs are screened, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against C. albicans are determined to be 3.9–125 µg mL−1, of which four leading c_AFPs (AFP‐8, −10, −11, and −13) has MICs of <10 µg mL−1 against the four tested pathogenic fungi, and AFP‐13 has excellent therapeutic efficacy in the animal model.
Unrevealing the Interaction Between Electrode Degradation and Bubble Behaviors in an Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer
Authors: Wu Lizhen , Wang Qing , Yuan Shu , Mei Xiaohan , Wang Qian , Zou Xiaohong , Zhang Kouer , Huo Xiaoyu , Shi Xingyi , Pan Zhefei , Yan Xiaohui , An Liang
Published: February 2025

Stainless steel felt has been employed in AEMWE as a combination of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts and porous transport layers, which are not only easy to prepare but also have excellent OER activity under alkaline conditions. However, by realizing detailed electrochemical analysis and multi‐scale visualization of the bubble behaviors, it is found that the combined effect of chemical and electrochemical corrosion led to the constant accumulation of metal oxides on the stainless steel fiber surface post‐durability compared to the slow‐growing hydroxides after initial activation. Moreover, the rougher fiber surface morphology and weaken hydrophilicity cause the adjacent bubbles are slower to detach from the electrode and are more likely to fusion. The measured diameter of bubbles leaving the electrode almost doubles, while the total number of bubbles decreases by about two‐thirds, causing the increase of plug flow in the flow field and deteriorating the performance and long‐term stability of AEMWE.
A Multi‐Task Self‐Supervised Strategy for Predicting Molecular Properties and FGFR1 Inhibitors
Authors: Yang Xin , Wang Yang , Lin Ye , Zhang Mingxuan , Liu Ou , Shuai Jianwei , Zhao Qi
Published: February 2025

Studying the molecular properties of drugs and their interactions with human targets aids in better understanding the clinical performance of drugs and guides drug development. In computer‐aided drug discovery, it is crucial to utilize effective molecular feature representations for predicting molecular properties and designing ligands with high binding affinity to targets. However, designing an effective multi‐task and self‐supervised strategy remains a significant challenge for the pretraining framework. In this study, a multi‐task self‐supervised deep learning framework is proposed, MTSSMol, which utilizes ≈10 million unlabeled drug‐like molecules for pretraining to identify potential inhibitors of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). During the pretraining of MTSSMol, molecular representations are learned through a graph neural networks (GNNs) encoder. A multi‐task self‐supervised pretraining strategy is proposed to fully capture the structural and chemical knowledge of molecules. Extensive computational tests on 27 datasets demonstrate that MTSSMol exhibits exceptional performance in predicting molecular properties across different domains. Moreover, MTSSMol's capability is validated to identify potential inhibitors of FGFR1 through molecular docking using RoseTTAFold All‐Atom (RFAA) and molecular dynamics simulations. Overall, MTSSMol provides an effective algorithmic framework for enhancing molecular representation learning and identifying potential drug candidates, offering a valuable tool to accelerate drug discovery processes. All of the codes are freely available online at https:// github.com/zhaoqi106/MTSSMol.
A Serum Resistant Polymer with Exceptional Endosomal Escape and mRNA Delivery Efficacy for CRISPR Gene Therapy
Authors: Lv Jia , Fan Qianqian , Zhang Yirou , Zhou Xujiao , Yu Panting , Yu Xin , Xin Changchang , Hong Jiaxu , Cheng Yiyun
Published: February 2025

Nanoparticle‐based mRNA delivery offers a versatile platform for innovative therapies. However, most of the current delivery systems are limited by poor serum tolerance, suboptimal endosomal escape and mRNA delivery efficacy. Herein, a highly efficient mRNA‐delivering material is identified from a library of fluoropolymers. The lead material FD17 shows exceptional serum stability and endosomal escape, enabling efficient mRNA delivery into various cell types, surpassing commercial mRNA delivery reagents such as Lipofectamine 3000. The formed mRNA nanoparticles adsorb abundant serum albumin on the surface, which facilitates cellular uptake via scavenger receptor‐mediated endocytosis. FD17 enables the delivery of mRNAs encoding CRE, Cas9, and base editor hyCBE for efficient genome editing. The material mediates CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy via intraocular injection effectively down‐regulates vascular endothelial growth factor A in retinal pigment epithelial cells of mice, yielding promising therapeutic responses against laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization. The discovered material in this study shows great promise for the development of mRNA therapeutics to combat a wide range of diseases.
Elevated GFI1 in Alveolar Macrophages Suppresses ACOD1 Expression and Exacerbates Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Lung Injury in Obesity
Authors: Ma Jingyue , Ao Yichan , Yue Zhen , Wang Zhiqiao , Hou Xiangyu , Li Hongbin , Wang Hanbing , Luo Siqing , He Jianyu , Duan Zikun , Liu Ling , Wei Ke
Published: February 2025

To investigate the mechanisms behind the worsening of acute lung injury (ALI) in obesity, transcriptomic sequencing is performed, and significantly reduced mRNA levels of Aconitate Decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1) in the lung tissue of high‐fat diet (HFD) mice are found. Clinical samples are collected, an ALI model is established in HFD mice, and both human and mouse samples are analyzed, revealing a significant decrease in ACOD1 expression in lung tissue and alveolar macrophages in obesity. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments show that ACOD1 knockdown worsens lung injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress, while ACOD1 overexpression alleviates these effects. Moreover, nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibition diminishes the protective effects of ACOD1 overexpression in ALI exacerbated by obesity. Additionally, in the context of obesity, growth factor independent 1 (GFI1) protein levels are elevated in alveolar macrophages, and its knockdown leads to upregulated ACOD1 expression. Therefore, this study suggests that ACOD1 downregulation in alveolar macrophages is a key factor in worsening ALI in obesity, likely driven by GFI1 upregulation.
TRIM56 Promotes White Adipose Tissue Browning to Attenuate Obesity by Degrading TLE3
Authors: Qin Haojie , Zhong Yi , Huang Jinhui , Miao Yanli , Du Meng , Huang Kai
Published: February 2025

In mammals, the activation of thermogenic adipocytes, such as beige and brown adipocytes, can significantly increase overall energy expenditure, offering a promising strategy to combat metabolic diseases. Despite its considerable potential, the regulatory mechanisms governing this activation remain largely elusive. This study bridges this gap by elucidating that tripartite motif 56 (TRIM56), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is upregulated in response to cold stimuli, thereby promoting the recruitment of beige adipocytes. Notably, the overexpression of TRIM56 in adipocytes is shown to help mice maintain a core temperature under cold conditions, as well as confer protection against diet‐induced obesity. Mechanistically, TRIM56 facilitates the degradation of the transducin‐like enhancer protein 3 (TLE3) protein by promoting its K48‐linked ubiquitination, which subsequently triggers the activation of thermogenic genes in subcutaneousl white adipose tissue and improved the metabolic profiles. These findings unveil a novel function for TRIM56 in adipocyte browning, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
Patient‐Derived Bladder Cancer Organoids as a Valuable Tool for Understanding Tumor Biology and Developing Personalized Treatment
Authors: Zhao Hongda , Lin Na , Ho Vincy Wing Sze , Liu Kang , Chen Xuan , Wu Hongwei , Chiu Peter Ka‐Fung , Huang Linda , Dantes Zahra , Wong Ka‐Leung , Chau Ho‐Fai , Ko Ivan Ching‐Ho , Wong Chris Ho‐Ming , Leung David Ka‐Wai , Yuen Steffi Kar‐Kei , Wu Dinglan , Ding Xiaofan , Ng Chi Fai , Teoh Jeremy Yuen‐Chun
Published: February 2025

Bladder cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease with high recurrence rates and variable treatment responses. To address these clinical challenges, the world's first bladder cancer patient‐derived organoids (PDOs) biobank is established based on an Asian population. Thirty‐six BC‐PDOs are generated from 56 patients and demonstrated that the BC‐PDOs can replicate the histological and genomic features of parental tumors. Drug screening tests are conducted with a broad spectrum of conventional chemotherapeutic and targeted therapy drugs and identified differential drug sensitivities among the BC‐PDOs. These in vitro results are consistently supported by the PDO xenograft animal studies and patients’ clinical treatment outcomes, thereby verifying the predictive power of PDOs for drug responses in BC patients. By analyzing the genetic profiles of the PDOs, specific driver genes that correlate with drug sensitivity to two stand‐of‐care chemotherapeutics, cisplatin, and gemcitabine, are identified. Additionally, the practicality of PDOs in investigating the tumor microenvironment has been demonstrated. This study underscores the utility of PDOs in advancing the understanding of bladder cancer and the development of personalized therapeutic strategies. The BC‐PDOs biobank provides an ideal preclinical platform for supporting the development of personalized treatment strategies for BC patients. This study also provides insights into the potential mechanisms of drug resistance, paves the way for subsequent region‐specific research, and demonstrates the possibility of using PDO‐related models to direct future research in developing drugs targeting tumor microenvironments.
Controlled Self‐Assembly and Photo‐Thermal Activation of Viologen‐Based 2D Semiconductors for Dual‐Function Energy Management in All‐Weather Applications
Authors: Irshad Muhammad Sultan , Ahmed Iftikhar , Arshad Naila , Alomar Muneerah , Shu Yue , Zhenzhen Guo , Ahmad Shafiq , Zuburtikudis Ioannis , Ruiqing Shi , Mei Tao , Xiaochao Fan , Ho Nang Xuan , Pham Thuy‐Duong , Dao Van‐Duong , Li Rong , Wang Xianbao
Published: February 2025

Solar thermal technology offers a promising solution to water scarcity; however, the continuous operation of solar evaporators remains challenging due to sunlight's intermittent availability. Herein, an alternative strategy is proposed to achieve dual‐functional energy management of photo‐thermoactivated viologen T semiconductors for enhanced solar water evaporation, water‐enabled electricity generation, and electrothermal evaporation. A sequential cyanide‐bridged layer‐directed intercalation approach is developed, where infinitely π‐stacked, redox‐active N‐methyl bipyridinium cations with near‐planar structures are sandwiched between cyanide‐bridged MnII–FeIII. The extended absorption range of 95% is achieved through radical–π interactions that occur within the continuously π‐stacked N‐methyl bipyridinium units upon thermal activation. The photo‐thermoactivated MnII–FeIII compounds anchored charcoal mask (MnII–FeIII@CM) with a sided evaporation structure and controllable water transfer, offering a high evaporation rate of 2.39 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun (1 kW m−2) illumination. As an energy nanogenerator, the output voltage and current of MnII–FeIII@CM can reach up to ≈480 mV and ≈60 µA cm−2 under ambient conditions. Furthermore, storage of electrical energy from MnII–FeIII@CM using energy storage devices is expected to enable all‐weather evaporation by electric heating due to unsustainable sunlight, providing a unique technology for seawater desalination and offshore work platform energy access.
A Synthetic Facultative CAM‐Like Shuttle in C3 Rice Plants
Authors: Wu Suting , Jin Kaining , Li Haoshu , Chen Guoxin , Zhang Liying , Yang Jinwen , Zhai Shanshan , Li Yanni , Sun Xuehui , Cui Xuean , Sun Jing , Lu Tiegang , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: February 2025

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is one of the three major forms of photosynthesis, known for its efficient carbon sequestration mechanism. CAM plants store malate at night, which undergoes decarboxylation and promotes Rubisco carboxylation during the day. Despite its potential benefits, CAM engineering is not applied to C3 crops. This paper introduces a designed facultative CAM bypass (CBP) in rice by incorporating codon‐optimized nocturnal carboxylation and decarboxylation modules, a malate transporter module, and a stomatal regulation module using the transgene stacking system. The CBP plants are correctly assembled by detection at the gene level, transcription level, protein level, and enzyme activity. Malate, CAM metabolism product, accumulated significantly at night in CBP plants. Metabolic analysis revealed that the malate is directed to the citric acid cycle and impacted carbon sequestration. The CBP plants showed a significant increase of ≈21% and ≈27% in photosynthetic rate and carboxylation efficiency, respectively. Additionally, CBP plants exhibited ≈20% increase in grain yield and biomass over the 2‐year field trials. Unexpectedly, the water use efficiency and drought resistance do not improve in CBP plants. This study is the first to attempt CAM engineering in C3 and demonstrates the potential of facultative CAM carbon sequestration in rice.
Layered Anion‐Mixed Oxycompounds: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Luan Yange , Li Yumin , Li Zhong , Zhang Bao Yue , Ou Jian Zhen
Published: February 2025

Layered anion‐mixed oxycompounds have emerged as pivotal materials across diverse technological domains encompassing electronics, optics, sensing, catalysis, and energy applications. Capitalizing on the unique properties imparted by the additional anion, these compounds exhibit exceptional characteristics including ultra‐large charge carrier mobility, giant second‐harmonic generation, visible‐light‐driven photocatalysis, and outstanding thermoelectricity. This article aims to provide a comprehensive summary of layered anion‐mixed oxychalcogenides, oxyhalides, oxynitrides, and oxypnictides. Organized by chemical composition and crystal structures, the classification of these oxycompounds precedes an in‐depth exploration of various synthesis methodologies. Subsequently, their properties are elucidated in electronics, optics, magnetics, and ferroelectrics, contextualizing their utility in electronic, optical, and catalytic applications. The review culminates in a critical assessment of extant challenges and opportunities within this realm. Furthermore, insights are proffered into the future trajectory of research, underpinning the significance of advancing novel 2D multi‐anion oxygenated compounds and their attendant applications.
Langmuir‐Type Build‐Up of Self‐Generated Interlayers in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Vinokur Jane , Stein Eyal , Moskovich Noam , Schneider Sebastian Alexander , Savikhin Victoria , Levin Andrew , Toney Michael , Frey Gitti L.
Published: February 2025

Charge selective ohmic contacts are crucial for optimizing the performance of organic electronic devices, particularly organic solar cells (OSC). This study investigates the modification of contacts by examining the formation of thin interlayers through metal‐induced additive migration. Two types of OSCs, based on fullerene and non‐fullerene systems, are utilized along with five concentration series of polyethylene glycol (PEG) oligomer additives that gradually migrate from the active layer to the contact, generating interlayers. By analyzing the trends of Voc (open circuit voltage) versus additive concentration and length, the arrangement of additives at the organic/metal interface and the origin of point‐dipoles projected onto the metal surface are determined. The behavior of the additive's dipole‐baring moiety in all additives is found to follow a Langmuir‐like adsorption process, with a remarkably stable “effective” ∆G (Gibbs free energy) across the different OSC systems and additives. These results imply that the active organic layer can be treated as a semisolid solution where the additive undergoes adsorption/desorption at the Al contact. The diffusivity of the PEG‐oligomer additive in this solution is temperature‐dependent, so elevated temperatures allow fast adsorption/desorption equilibrium. Grazing‐incidence wide angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAX) analysis reveals that the additive's impact on device performance is solely interfacial. By establishing scientific correlations between the additive's properties, quantity, and energetic shifts at the interface, this study provides practical guidelines for implementing the spontaneous interlayer formation methodology in large‐scale applications of organic electronics.
A Rechargeable Zn‐Redox Battery for Concurrent Electricity Generation and The‐Whole‐Process Chemical Production
Authors: He Xiaoyang , Xue Shujie , Liu Xuan , Xiong Dengke , Xiao Xin , Wu Deli , Wang Jianying , Xu Qiang , Chen Zuofeng
Published: February 2025

The rechargeable Zn‐redox battery represents a promising, efficient, and sustainable energy storage technology. Herein, a novel 4‐nitrobenzyl alcohol (4‐NBA)‐assisted rechargeable Zn‐redox battery, driven by NiSe─Cu2Se/NF bifunctional electrocatalysts is developed. The different redox activities of ─NO2 and ─OH groups in 4‐NBA allow redox conversion for chemical production during the whole discharge/charge process, maximizing the economic value of battery technologies. Detailed charge analyses indicate that the internal electric field within the NiSe─Cu2Se heterostructure modulates the d‐band center, optimizes the adsorption/desorption strength of intermediates, and reduces the reaction energy barriers during the redox conversion of 4‐NBA. This bifunctional NiSe─Cu2Se electrocatalyst enables the selective conversion of 4‐NBA to 4‐aminobenzyl alcohol during the discharge process and to 4‐nitrobenzoic acid during the charge process, with Faradaic efficiencies above 96%. Consequently, the 4‐NBA‐assisted rechargeable Zn‐redox battery achieves a high power energy density of 16.13 mW cm−2 and maintains a stable yield rate of 15.92 µmol h−1 cm−2 for 4‐aminobenzyl alcohol and 22.84 µmol h−1 cm−2 for 4‐nitrobenzoic acid. This work presents an appealing strategy for integrating energy storage with the‐whole‐process chemical production, paving the way for developing multifunctional energy systems.
Prokaryote‐Inspired and Derived Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts for Ultra‐Long‐Life Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Zhao Wenbo , Chen Jipeng , Liu Ximeng , Gao Yong , Pu Jie , Cao Qinghe , Meng Ting , Elshahawy Abdelnaby M. , Makhlouf Salah A. , Guan Cao
Published: February 2025

The design of efficient oxygen reductionreaction (ORR) catalyst with fast kinetics is crucial for high‐performance Zn–air batteries but remains a challenge. Herein, inspired by the oxidative respiratory chain of prokaryotes, an ORR electrocatalyst is reported by mimicking the microstructure of Staphylococcus aureus and simitaneously utilizing this low‐cost cell as the precursor. The catalyst consists of MnO2/Co2P nanocomposites support on Staphylococcus aureus‐derived hollow spherical carbon, which not only accelerates electron transfer for improved intrinsic reaction kinetics, but also creates an OH− concentration gradient for enhanced mass transfer efficiency. Such bio‐inspired and derived ORR catalyst enables rechargeable Zn–air batteries with ultra‐long cycling stability of more than 2800 h at a high capacity of 810.3 mAh g−1, which is superior among the reported bio‐derived oxygen catalysts. A flexible Zn–air battery based on the bio‐inspired and derived catalyst is also assembled, and it well integrates with a wireless flexible electronic skin.
Electron‐Rich Ru Clusters Anchored on Pure Phase W2C Enables Highly Active and CO‐Resistant Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation
Authors: Gao Yanan , Ouyang Bo , Shen Yuan , Wen Wei , Wang Junxiang , Wang Mingzhe , Sun Yiqiang , Xu Kun
Published: February 2025

Developing highly active and CO‐resistant Ru‐based catalysts for the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) can advance the large‐scale application of alkaline hydrogen fuel cells but remains a huge challenge. Herein, a pure phase W2C supported Ru cluster catalyst (Ru/W2C) is successfully synthesized through a one‐step carburization method. It is found that the charge transfer from W2C to the strongly anchored Ru clusters forms the electron‐rich Ruδ− sites and electron‐deficient Wδ+ sites, which significantly weakens the adsorption strength of *H and *CO, strengthens the binding of *OH and improves the water connectivity in the electric double layer. The Ru/W2C catalyst shows superior mass activity (2163 mA mgPGM−1) in alkaline HOR, which is 12.52 and 20.62 times higher than that for Pt/C and Ru/C, respectively. Owing to the weak adsorption and fast removal rate of CO, the Ru/W2C exhibits outstanding CO tolerance, with 88% of the initial activity being retained in the durability test, whereas the Ru/C and Pt/C suffer from severe deactivation. These findings may guide the design of advanced alkaline HOR catalysts based on the pure phase tungsten carbide.
Efficient Forward‐Bias Bipolar Membrane CO2 Electrolysis in Absence of Metal Cations
Authors: Brückner Sven , Ju Wen , Strasser Peter
Published: February 2025

The acid‐base reaction of CO2 with hydroxide ions to (bi)carbonate anions at the cathode of alkaline exchange membrane (AEM) CO2 electrolyzer has detrimental impact on their performance. (Bi)carbonate buffers the local cathode pH, and in combination with metal cations, may lead to precipitation of salts at the cathode. This non‐electrochemical conversion of CO2 significantly reduces the CO2 utilization efficiency and limits the CO2 single pass conversion of AEM CO2 electrolyzer to 50% if CO is desired. Acidic metal cation‐free CO2 electrolysis has the potential to address and mitigate these problems. Here, CO2 valorization is demonstrated at faradaic CO efficiencies (FE) of up to 80% FECO in forward‐bias BPM cell architectures using actual neutral pure water feeding at the anode. This study demonstrates how immobilized anion exchange ionomer layers thereby facilitate the metal cation‐free CO2 valorization thanks to their positively charged functional NR4 groups. Unlike metal cations, the immobilized positively charged groups are not washed out of the reactor. This study shows that careful design of the distribution and location of the anion exchange ionomer molecules within the Gas Diffusion Electrode is key to efficient CO2‐to‐CO electrolyzer cell.
Yield‐stability selection index applied to identify top genotypes in a Hevea brasiliensis segregating population in Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Monsalve García Danilo Augusto , Cotes Torres José Miguel , Navas Arboleda Alejandro Alberto , Córdoba‐Gaona Oscar de Jesús
Published: February 2025

Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) production in Colombia has been primarily dependent on three predominant genotypes for over five decades. However, challenges such as disease susceptibility and low yield and quality underscore the need for increased genetic variability. Yield‐stability indexes are essential tools for identifying superior genotypes in Hevea breeding programs. In 1999, a segregating rubber plantation with 3395 trees was established at the Agrosavia El Nus Research Center. Georeferencing, tapping data, and total solids yield were assessed through 10 evaluations per tree. This study aimed to identify high‐performing rubber genotypes using an adjusted total solids yield‐stability index. Phenotypic values were adjusted to account for microclimate effects and temporal variation. The resulting index, applied through stratified mass selection, provided a closer approximation of genotypic performance. Based on the index, the top 50 and bottom 10 genotypes were identified, offering insights into elite individuals' contributions to total solids production. Notably, genotypes 2a13, 2a317, and 3a89 exhibited higher predicted yield‐stability () index values, with and , reflecting superior performance and stability, making them valuable candidates for rubber breeding programs aimed at improving total solids production. Additionally, the index facilitated the identification of genotypes with high phenotypic values but marked production instability, as observed in genotype 3c355 (.
Enhancing population and family selection accuracy with statistical genetics models accounting for epistatic effects for wheat breeding
Authors: Fronza Rafael Tobias Lang , Mezzomo Henrique Caletti , Batista Cláudio Vieira , Moresco Estéfano , Dias Kaio Olimpio das Graças , Nardino Maicon
Published: February 2025

Few studies have investigated the effect on the genotypic value of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) families with the adoption of the additive and epistatic (additive × additive) relationship matrix. The objective of this study is to select F2:3 families of wheat by means of three statistical genetics models (without pedigree information, additive, and additive plus additive × additive epistatic) and to evaluate the selection rank between the traditional model and the model with best fit of families for recombination and for deriving progenies. The experiment was composed of a total of 880 F2:3 families of tropical wheat, from 56 populations conducted by the genealogical method, which came from a full diallel involving the cultivars BRS 254, BRS 264, and BRS 394, CD 1303, Tbio Aton, Tbio Ponteiro, Tbio Duque, and Tbio Sossego. The pedigree matrix was calculated, obtaining approximately 20 generations of ancestry of the parents. The data were analyzed in three genetic‐statistical models: Model 1—without information on family relationship; Model 2—computing the additive relationship matrix; and Model 3—including the additive and epistatic (additive × additive) relationship matrix. Using the additive and epistatic (additive × additive) pedigree matrix has a significant effect on most traits. The selection revealed families of populations with potential to be used in recombinations: BRS 254/CD 1303, Tbio Ponteiro/BRS 394, and BRS 394/Tbio Ponteiro, with genetic value to derive progenies: BRS 254/Tbio Aton, Tbio Aton/Tbio Duque, and BRS 394/Tbio Aton, and with both attributes: BRS 254/CD 1303, BRS 394/Tbio Ponteiro, and Tbio Sossego/BRS 264.
Diamagnetic Signature of Beta‐Amyloid (Aβ) and Tau (τ) Tangle Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review
Authors: Ghaderi Sadegh , Mohammadi Sana , Fatehi Farzad
Published: February 2025

The complex interplay between diamagnetic and paramagnetic substances within the brain, particularly in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD), offers a rich landscape for investigation using advanced quantitative neuroimaging techniques. Although conventional approaches have focused on the paramagnetic properties of iron, emerging and promising research has highlighted the significance of diamagnetic signatures associated with beta‐amyloid (Aβ) plaques and Tau (τ) protein aggregates. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a complex post‐processing technique that visualizes and characterizes these subtle alterations in brain border tissue composition, such as the gray–white matter interface. Through voxel‐wise separation of the contributions of diamagnetic and paramagnetic sources, QSM enabled the identification and quantification of Aβ and τ aggregates, even in the presence of iron. However, several challenges remain in utilizing diamagnetic signatures of Aβ and τ for clinical applications. These include the relatively small magnitude of the diamagnetic signal compared to paramagnetic iron, the need for high‐resolution imaging and sophisticated analysis techniques, and the standardization of QSM acquisition and analysis protocols. Further research is necessary to refine QSM techniques, optimize acquisition parameters, and develop robust analysis pipelines to improve the sensitivity and specificity of detecting the diamagnetic nature of Aβ and τ aggregates. As our understanding of the diamagnetic properties of Aβ and τ continues to evolve, QSM is expected to play a pivotal role in advancing our knowledge of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Thioether‐bridged surfactants for interfacial hydrophobic regulation and enhanced mineral flotation recovery
Authors: Sun Qing , Yang Diling , Chen Jingsi , Zhao Ziqian , Zhang Hao , Zhong Hong , Zeng Hongbo
Published: February 2025

Surfactant modification to improve interfacial hydrophobicity is widely employed in separation applications such as mineral recovery. However, few modifications effectively enhance both the inherent hydrophobicity of the surfactant and its surface‐anchoring capacity. In this study, we propose a strategy to incorporate a thioether group into a hydroxamate surfactant, resulting in the synthesis of N‐hydroxy‐2‐(octylthio)acetamide (OTHA). Compared to the thioether‐free surfactant (OHA), the thioether group significantly improves the metal‐anchoring capability of the surfactant, demonstrating a twofold increase in adsorption on hydrophilic cassiterite surfaces. Meanwhile, the inherent hydrophobicity of the thioether group enhances the hydrophobization of the target mineral surface and improves bubble‐surface interactions. The robust hydrophobicity‐inducing ability of OTHA successfully increases the flotation recovery of hydrophilic cassiterite particles, with a marked improvement from 72.5% to 95.0%. This work presents a paradigm for surfactant modification, enabling tailored hydrophobic interfaces for practical applications such as mineral separation, oil‐gas extraction, waterproof materials, and functional coatings.
Entropy‐induced frustrated Lewis pairs in CeO2 for efficiently synthesizing dimethyl carbonate from CO2 and methanol
Authors: Zhang Qiaoyu , Liu Zhichao , Zu Qing , Zhu Daoyun , Huang Yangqiang , Chen Hao , Luo Xiao , Liang Zhiwu
Published: February 2025

Chemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to dimethyl carbonate (DMC) through reaction with methanol is an attractive and green synthesis strategy with the advantage of 100% atom economy for CO2. However, efficient CO2 activation to achieve high DMC yield remains challenging. Herein, we report defect‐rich cerium dioxide (CeO2) with abundant unsaturated Ce3+ and lattice oxygen induced by high‐entropy doping of five metals, which act as Lewis acid and base sites. Series characterizations reveal that incorporating five equimolar metals into CeO2 contributes to the formation of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) due to steric hindrance. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that FLP sites transfer more charge to adsorbed CO2, bending the angle of the O‑C‑O bond to 119.4°, which is vital for CO2 activation. Efficient CO2 activation achieves a high DMC yield up to 14.0 mmolDMC/gcat, which is almost 4.5 times that obtained using commercial CeO2 (3.1 mmolDMC/gcat).
Unusual Electrophilic Reactivity of Sulfonyl Phthalide in Its Microwave‐Mediated One‐pot Transformation to Novel Oxime Phthalides
Authors: Namboothiri Irishi , Kumari Rajni
Published: February 2025

A microwave‐assisted nucleophilic substitution of sulfonyl group in 3‐sulfonyl phthalide is reported for the first time. In contrast to its normal nucleophilic reactivity under basic conditions, sulfonyl phthalide acts as a mono‐electrophile with oxime affording oxime phthalides in good to excellent yields and good functional group tolerance. Scalability of the reaction and further transformation of oxime phthalide to tribromo‐methylated phthalide and phthalazinone have been demonstrated.
Hyaluronic Acid for Sinonasal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gao Esther Yanxin , Tan Benjamin Kye Jyn , Teo Joie Yi Yun , He George Shiyao , Tan Claire Jing‐Wen , Yeo Brian Sheng Yep , Chua Andy Jian Kai
Published: February 2025

Background

Hyaluronic acid has gained widespread attention for its potential role in sinonasal surgery, especially functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), due to its wound healing and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, clinical evidence on its efficacy remains inconclusive. This meta‐analysis aims to clarify the efficacy of hyaluronic acid in improving both objective and subjective outcomes after sinonasal surgery.

Methods

Two blinded reviewers searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, then selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on hyaluronic acid use in sinonasal surgery compared to routine post‐operative care. The risk of bias was graded using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. Data was analyzed using random‐effects models to pool risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes and the ratio of means (RoM) for continuous outcomes. Publication bias was assessed via funnel plots and the trim‐and‐fill method.

Results

From 244 records, 15 RCTs—13 on FESS and two on septoplasty and inferior turbinoplasty—were selected, with 789 participants. Meta‐analysis for the 13 studies on FESS was performed. Hyaluronic acid significantly reduced synechiae formation (relative risk [RR] 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44–0.94), improved epithelialization (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27–0.86), and decreased post‐operative edema (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50–0.97) compared to routine post‐FESS care. All included studies had a low to moderate risk of bias, and there was no substantial publication bias. There were no adverse events reported.

Conclusions

Hyaluronic acid dressings are safe and may reduce synechiae, edema, and improve epithelialization after sinonasal surgery. Hyaluronic acid may be considered as an adjunct after FESS to optimize post‐operative outcomes.
Bird's eye view of natural products for the development of new anti‐HIV agents: Understanding from a therapeutic viewpoint
Authors: Al Amin Md. , Nafady Mohamed H. , Zehravi Mehrukh , Sweilam Sherouk Hussein , Kumar Kusuma Praveen , Akiful Haque M. , Unnisa Aziz , Singh Laliteshwar Pratap , Sayeed Mohammed , Alshehri Mohammed Ali , Ahmad Irfan , Emran Talha Bin , Uddin Md. Zia
Published: February 2025

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the name used to describe several potentially life‐threatening infections and disorders that happen when HIV has severely compromised the immune system. The primary effect of HIV is to decrease host immunity, exposing the host to external pathogens. The development of pharmaceutical drugs that directly cure the infection is crucial because of the current wide‐ranging epidemic of HIV. Most therapeutic anti‐HIV drugs are nucleosides. However, their high toxicity and potential for drug resistance restrict their use. Many of the most effective clinical drugs used to inhibit HIV, the activation of latent HIV, and AIDS have been obtained from natural sources. This review focuses on potential natural medicinal products for treating and managing HIV and AIDS. Notwithstanding, further clinical research studies are needed to understand the subject and its dynamics.
Yunweiling alleviates functional constipation: integrating network pharmacology and experimental study
Authors: Zhang Peng , Li Wei , Zheng Weiwen , Liu Jinwen , She Nuonan , Chen Xia , Wen Weibo
Published: February 2025

Background

This study investigated the impacts and mechanisms of yunweiling in the management of Functional Constipation (FC) using network pharmacology and experimental research.

Methods

Using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Genecard, and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases, a potential gene target for yunweiling in treating FC was found. A pharmacological network was built and viewed in Cytoscape. A protein interaction map was created with STRING and Cytoscape. ‘clusterProfiler’ helped uncover its mechanism. Molecular docking was done with AutoDock Vina. In a constipation mouse model, Western blot was used to assess yunweiling's effectiveness.

Results

To investigate yunweiling's therapeutic effects on FC, we employed a loperamide‐induced constipation model. Successful model establishment was confirmed by first black stool time, reduced stool output, and impaired gastrointestinal motility. Yunweiling treatment, especially at high and medium doses, significantly alleviated constipation symptoms by reducing first black stool time, increasing stool output, and enhancing gastrointestinal motility. HE staining revealed yunweiling's ability to restore colon tissue structure. Yunweiling modulated the expression of key proteins TP53, P‐AKT, P‐PI3K, RET, and Rai, implicating its involvement in the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway. Comparative analysis showed yunweiling to be more effective than its individual components (shionone, β‐sitosterol, and daucosterol) in improving constipation. The combination of yunweiling with TP53 and PI3K‐Akt inhibitors further enhanced its therapeutic effects, suggesting a synergistic mechanism.

Conclusions

The integration of network pharmacology and experimental investigations indicated the effectiveness of yunweiling in managing FC, offering essential theoretical support for clinical application.
Effects of pregnancy on neuron electrophysiology in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and basolateral amygdala of mouse brain
Authors: Bin Xuefan , Luo Huijuan
Published: February 2025

Background

Pregnancy affects learning and memory in women. Thus, to investigate the effects of pregnancy, the authors examined the brain electrophysiology of pregnant mice.

Methods

Using the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique on isolated brain slices, we detected and compared the electrophysiological changes in the hippocampal CA1 (HIP CA1) region, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and basolateral amygdala (BLA) among 15 pregnant and 15 nonpregnant mice.

Results

In pregnant mice, there was a trend toward an increase in the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) (p = 0.092) and a trend toward a decrease in the amplitude of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSC) (p = 0.071) in the HIP CA1. In the BLA, both the amplitudes of mEPSCs and mIPSCs were significantly reduced (p = 0.004 and 0.042, respectively). In the mPFC, the amplitudes of mEPSCs and hyperpolarization‐activated currents (Ih), as well as the frequencies of mIPSCs, were higher compared to nonpregnant mice (p = 0.035, 0.009, and 0.038, respectively).

Conclusions

In pregnant mice, the electrophysiological change in neurons in the mPFC and BLA might contribute to the cognitive and emotional changes during pregnancy. A trend toward electrophysiological change in the HIP CA1 revealed that the mechanism of cognitive change during pregnancy might differ from that of other conditions.
Animal models of human herpesvirus infection
Authors: Jia Ziqing , Zhang Dong , Zhu Lin , Xue Jing
Published: February 2025

Human herpesvirus, a specific group within the herpesvirus family, is responsible for a variety of human diseases. These viruses can infect humans and other vertebrates, primarily targeting the skin, mucous membranes, and neural tissues, thereby significantly impacting the health of both humans and animals. Animal models are crucial for studying virus pathogenesis, vaccine development, and drug testing. Despite several vaccine candidates being in preclinical and clinical stages, no vaccines are current available to prevent lifelong infections caused by these human herpesviruses, except for varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) vaccine. However, the strict host tropism of herpesviruses and other limitations mean that no single animal model can fully replicate all key features of human herpesvirus‐associated diseases. This makes it challenging to evaluate vaccines and antivirals against human herpesvirus comprehensively. Herein, we summarize the current animal models used to study the human herpesviruses including α‐herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV‐1), HSV‐2, VZV), β‐herpesviruses (human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), γ‐herpesviruses (Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)) and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV)). By providing concise information and detailed analysis of the potential, limitations and applications of various models, such as non‐human primates, mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, and tree shrews, this summary aims to help researchers efficiently select the most appropriate animal model, offering practical guidance for studying human herpesvirus.
Zeolite Blending: A New Approach to Direct Crystallization of Aluminosilicate Zeolite
Authors: Sawada Masato , Okubo Kensuke , Lu Yao , Bekhti Samya , Toyoda Hiroto , Zhao Liang , Onozuka Hiroaki , Tsutsuminai Susumu , Kondo Junko N. , Gies Hermann , Yokoi Toshiyuki
Published: February 2025

Various synthesis methods for zeolites have been developed to date; however, precise control over aluminum (Al) content remains a significant challenge. For instance, in the case of CON‐type zeolites, it is especially difficult to obtain a Si/Al ratio below a value of approximately 100 by direct synthesis, and below approximately 30 by post‐treatment. In this study, we have developed a novel direct synthesis method of the CON‐type zeolite having desired Al content by applying the interzeolite conversion/interzeolite transformation, wherein precursor zeolites that possess common composite building units (CBUs) with the target zeolite are employed as the Al and Si source. Initially, a single zeolite was utilized as a precursor, resulting in the successful synthesis of a high Al CON‐type zeolite (Si/Al=40). Finally, we developed a novel synthesis method of the CON‐type zeolite; blending of two types of zeolites, MFI and Beta, as starting material in the IZC method led to the direct crystallization of the CON‐type aluminosilicate with high Al content (Si/Al=20).
Engineering the Catalytic Superlattices for Highly Reversible Sodium‐Ion Storage with A high Compositional Conversion Degree
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Liu Tongfeng , Chen Biao , Qi Zijia , Xie Haonan , Wu Guangxuan , Xiao Liyang , Zhou Jingwen , Ma Liying , He Fang , He Chunnian , Hu Wenbin , Zhao Naiqin
Published: February 2025

A major obstacle of transition metal disulfides in sodium‐ion batteries is compositional irreversible conversion, leading to fast capacity decay. Here, we propose to engineer a catalytic superlattice structure for achieving a record‐high compositional reversible conversion degree (≈100 %). The superlattice is constructed by alternately stacking MoS2 layers and nitrogen/oxygen co‐doped reduced graphene oxide‐supported single‐atom metal layers (MoS2/M‐ONG SL, M=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) with 100 % MoS2/M‐ONG interfaces, in which the metal atoms bridge the two layers through S−M‐O chemical bonds. Using MoS2/Co‐ONG SL as a model, the unique superlattice structure shows excellent electron and Na+ transport properties during discharge and charge. Moreover, the Co‐ONG boosts Na2S adsorption and decomposition by forming Co‐3d and S‐3p hybridization. As a result, the MoS2/Co‐ONG SL shows a high compositional reversible conversion degree(≈100 %), as proven by a series of in‐/ex situ spectroscopic analyses. As a result, the MoS2/Co‐ONG SL exhibits a stable cycling stability of 300.7 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles at 2 A g−1, with an ultrasmall capacity decay rate of 0.41 % per 100 cycles. This work offers a noteworthy perspective on the design and fabrication of conversion‐type materials, emphasizing the crucial role of interface engineering in achieving excellent bidirectional reaction kinetics.
Selective and Potent Molecular Glue Degraders for NIMA‐Related Kinase 7
Authors: Chen Lu , Huang Lu , Wen Wuqiang , Zeng Pingping , Wu Yuanyuan , Han Qiangqiang , Chen Xi , Guo Zhixiang , Yu Haijun , Lu Wenchao , Jiang Baishan
Published: February 2025

Molecular glue degraders (MGDs) represent a promising strategy for targeted protein degradation within cells. While chemoproteomics has unveiled hundreds of potential MGD targets, very few proteins are degraded by highly selective and potent MGDs. Here, we developed a novel glutarimide analog with a tetrahydroimidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazine scaffold that exhibited strong NIMA‐related kinase 7 (NEK7) degradation potential. Further optimization led to the identification of LC‐04‐045 as a leading NEK7 MGD candidate, demonstrating potent activity with a half‐maximal degradation (DC50) of 7 nM and a maximum degradation (Dmax) of 90 % in MOLT‐4 cells. Notably, LC‐04‐045 displayed high selectivity for NEK7 across the proteome. Mechanistic studies indicated that the degradation was mediated by the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) and relied on the glycine 57 (G57)‐containing degron motif in NEK7. Additionally, two amino acids adjacent to the degron motif were found to be crucial for modulating the compound's selectivity and potency, underscoring the significance of neighbouring residues in MGD design. Moreover, LC‐04‐045 effectively inhibited secretion of the downstream cytokines, including IL‐1β and IL‐18, highlighting the potential therapeutic applications of NEK7 MGDs in treating inflammatory diseases.