bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pleasure of the Spectator
Authors: Ubersfeld Anne
Published: April 2013

Brecht's optimism: for him, pleasure and knowledge go hand in hand; knowing and enjoying are but one. … He uses the word pleasure, but he also, impudently, refers to sensual pleasure [jouissance], which means much more.

One can say almost anything about the spectator's pleasure, and the most contradictory formulas can appear valid: the pleasure of liking and of disliking; the pleasure of understanding and of not understanding; the pleasure of maintaining an intellectual distance and of being carried away by one's emotions; the pleasure of following a story ("and what happens next?" the child asks) and of looking at a tableau; the pleasure of laughing and of crying; the pleasure of dreaming and of knowing; the pleasure of enjoying oneself and of suffering; the pleasure of desiring and of being protected from passions. … One can continue forever this little game of oppositions'.
Theatre as Information-Processing in Western Cultures
Authors: De Kerckove Derrick
Published: April 2013

The purpose of the following investigation is to find the place of theatre in the development of some psychological features of Western cultures. The hypothesis examined here is that Greek theatre was one of the direct consequences of the invention and use of the phonetic alphabet, and that its specific function was to provide a model of information-processing to harmonize the psychological effects of the metamorphosis introduced by the alphabet in pre-literate culture.
>Role Constraints versus Self-Identity in La tejedora de sueiios and Anillos para una dama
Authors: Rogers Elizabeth
Published: April 2013

In this study I would like to elaborate on this dilemma of role demands versus personal desires as it relates to two twentieth-century Spanish dramas. While both of these dramas are based on the mythic stories of legendary heroes, Ulysses and the Cid, the focus is nevertheless not on the heroes themselves, but rather on their wives, Penelope and Jimena. Both women have come to be prototype figures who represent the loyal, faithful, passive but supportive wife whose love for her husband is exemplary and unquestioned.

In La tejedora de suenos (The Weaver of Dreams) (1952), Antonio Buero Vallejo asks what life might have been like for Penelope during Ulysses' twenty-year absence, whereas Antonio Gala in Anillos para una dama (Rings for a Lady) (1973) speculates on Jimena's life after the Cid's death.
Book Reviews
Authors: Parkin Andrew , Leland Charles , Laughlin Karen , Schlueter June , Jacobs Barry , Gale Steven , Hinden Michael , Innes Christopher
Published: April 2013

James Simmons, Sean O'Casey, reviewed by Andrew Parkin

Robert G. Lowery And Patricia Angelin, eds., My Very Dear Sean: George Jean Nathan to Sean O'Casey, Letters and Articles, reviewed by Andrew Parkin

Thomas Postwait, ed., William Archer on Ibsen: The Major Essays, 1889-1919, reviewed by Charles Leland

Helene Keyssar, Feminist Theatre: An Introduction to Plays a/Contemporary British and American Women, reviewed by Karen Laughlin

Elizabeth J. Natalle, Feminist Theatre: A Study in Persuasion, reviewed by Karen Laughlin

Lise-Lone Marker and Frederick J. Marker, Ingmar Bergman: Four Decades in the Theater, reviewed by Barry Jacobs

C.W.E. Bigsby, A Critical Introduction to Twentieth-Cemury American Drama, Volume Two: Williams/Miller/Albee, reviewed by June Schlueter

Leslie Kane, The Language a/Silence: On the Unspoken and Unspeakable in Modern Drama, reviewed by Stepven H. Gale

Judith E. Barlow, Final Acts: The Creation of Three Late O'Neill Plays, reviewed by Michael Hinden

George Rowell and Anthony Jackson, The Repertory Movement: A History of Regional Theatre ill Britain, reviewed by Christopher Innes
Introduction: Remaking Modern Classics
Authors: Innes Christopher
Published: April 2013

The "classics" have always been reworked, updated, or made the basis of new plays — think of Shakespeare's variations on Seneca, Racine's versions of Phedre and Iphigenie en Aulide (later reused again by Hoffmannsthal), Yeats's or Cocteau's treatments of Oedipus. Ionesco's or Stoppard's or Heiner Muller's rewriting of Shakespeare. As Brecht once famously remarked, the strength of a literary tradition rests on its plagiarism. Modem playwrights have turned to the classics perhaps more frequently than any of their predecessors. When the director entered the scene, variants and new interpretations of the standard repertoire multiplied; and increasingly during the last century "new readings" have changed the original texts so extensively as to constitute new plays: the director as dramatist. Now even the modem classics of the last 100 years or so have been seized on as suitable material.
The Snark and the Orchard: A Polemical Afterword
Authors: Bryden Ronald
Published: April 2013

We need a new way of talking about plays.

For more than half a century, universities have been teaching drama as a subject distinct from literature — Carnegie Tech began it in 1914, Yale followed in 1925, and most English-speaking universities got on the bandwagon during the boom in higher education after World War II. The rationale for creating all those drama departments was that plays could not be known by reading their texts: the text is to a play what a blueprint is to a building, and the play itself comes to life only in performance. The problem is that no drama department has yet found a way of staging more than ten or twelve plays in the eight months of an academic year — you can just squeeze in four major productions. with six weeks of rehearsal, and six or eight studio productions. This means that a bachelor of arts in drama emerges from a four-year program having studied perhaps fifty plays in performance. The rest of hi s or her knowledge of the drama of the world comes from reading play texts as literature, just like people in departments of English and Comparative Literature.
Theatrical Deconstructionists: The Social "Gests" of Peter Sellars's Ajax and Robert Wilson's Einstein on the Beach
Authors: Lancaster Kurt
Published: April 2013

Such contemporary directors as Peter Sellars and Robert Wilson are theatrical deconstructionists — postmoderns whose work not only challenges conventionally staged dramas but also uncovers dominant social, cultural, and political ideologies. When analyzed closely, both of these directors — with widely contrasting production techniques — can be seen to use a mode of deconstruction stylistically and theoretically influenced by such early-twentieth-century modernists as Adolphe Appia (1862-1928), Vsevolod Meyerhold (1874-1940), and Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956), people not associated with postmodernism or deconstruction. It could be argued, to some extent, that these modernist directors actually foreshadowed the practice of deconstruction as defined through today's theatrical postmodernism.
La Chronique du prêtre de Dioclée. Un faux document historique
Authors: Bujan Solange
Published: April 2013

L’auteur remet en question le consensus largement accepté par l’historiographie selon lequel le « texte du Diocléen » ou Chronique du prêtre de Dioclée est la plus ancienne source narrative slave du sud. En analysant les éditions et manuscrits existants, elle démontre que ce récit de l’histoire des Slaves du sud du 6e à la fin du 12e siècle est un faux document historique. C’est le bénédictin Orbini qui en fut l’artisan au 16e siècle, à partir de sources réellement historiques et inédites à l’époque, d’extraits de sources bénédictines et d’éditions d’historiens byzantins récemment parus. Cette étude permet de recouvrer l’identité usurpée du véritable texte du Diocléen, une chronique ragusaine anonyme, et de restituer sa place dans l’historiographie au texte de Marulić considéré jusqu’alors comme une recension abrégée du texte du Diocléen. enfin, l’auteur explique de quelle façon l’édition critique du texte par Lucius au 17e siècle n’est pas la traduction originelle d’un ancien texte slave, mais la rétroversion en latin du texte qu’Orbini fit paraître en italien. L’édition parachève le mythe d’une source prétendument médiévale.
Ilario Doria, le gambros génois de Manuel II Palaiologos : beau-frère ou gendre ?
Authors: Ganchou Thierry
Published: April 2013

The Genoese Ilario Doria is thought to be the son-in-law of Manuel II, that is, the husband of the latter’s natural daughter Zambia Palaiologina. This information comes exclusively from patriarchal chronicles of the 16th century, whereas contemporary Greek sources call Ilario simply Manuel’s gambros,

an ambiguous word which means both son-in-law and brother-in-law. The anonymous authors of the patriarchal chronicles chose the former meaning. But contemporary western documents always present Ilario as Manuel’s brother-in-law : cognatus, levir or sororius. Ilario was thus manuel’s gambros

through the latter’s sister, not his daughter. he had married a natural daughter of John V whose name is unknown, the name zambia given in the patriarchal chronicles being in fact that of Ilario’s eldest daughter who married an ottoman prince.
Origine et authenticité des titres dans l’histoire de Georges Pachymérès
Authors: Failler Albert
Published: April 2013

Les éditeurs de l’histoire de Georges Pachymérès ont admis implicitement l’authenticité de tous les éléments paratextuels de l’oeuvre : titre général (Relations historiques), division en treize livres, partage des livres en chapitres, énoncé des titres de chapitres. Mais l’analyse grammaticale et lexicologique de ces titres de chapitres, rassemblés d’une part dans un double pinax et dispersés d’autre part dans les marges des manuscrits devant le début de chaque chapitre, suggère que ces intitulés ne sont pas de la plume de l’auteur, mais d’un rédacteur postérieur. Le doute rejaillit dès lors sur l’authenticité de l’ensemble des titres, ainsi que sur une division originelle de l’ouvrage en livres et en chapitres, car l’histoire peut se lire comme un texte continu et sans coupure, auquel ces éléments n’apportent aucun supplément d’intelligibilité.
Épigraphie et photographie. Retour sur un sarcophage thessalonicien
Authors: Kiourtzian Georges
Published: April 2013

Two photographic documents in the archives of A. Zachos, dating from the years 1912-1917 and published in 2002, shed new light on the epigraphy of a sarcophagus in the museum of Byzantine civilisation in Salonica. This monumental sarcophagus, which belonged to a certain Theodore, bears a very badly preserved metrical (dodecasyllabic) inscription. When the inscription was edited in 2000, the author attributed the sarcophagus to theodore Kerameas (13th century), a former bishop of ochrid and native of Salonica. this attribution would appear to be confirmed by the photographs of Zachos, in which much of the missing text of the inscription can be read.
A Greek woman copyist from the 16th century: Euphrosyne of Xanthi
Authors: Kotzageorgis Phokion P.
Published: April 2013

The article presents an unknown woman copyist of the 16th century. Euphrosyne from Xanthi was a typical example of a woman copyist of the early modern era in the Greek peninsula. She had developed close relations with the monastic circles of the area, but she was not a nun. We are not aware of her ability in copying, because her unique manuscript has not survived. Euphrosyne’s case is an impetus for the study of women’s cultural level of that epoch and their opportunities to attain a high level of literacy. Finally, Euphrosyne’s case is a "happy marriage" of Greek and ottoman sources. This "marriage" seems to be of primary importance for the christians living in the ottoman state during the early modern era.
Theodore Metochites' Byzantios as a testimony to the cosmological discussions of the early Palaeologan period
Authors: Polemis Ioannis D.
Published: April 2013

Selon l’auteur, Théodore Métochitès utilisa, dans la composition de sa Laudatio inédite de Constantinople intitulée Byzantios, un des traités cosmologiques de Nicéphore Choumnos, concernant le mouvement éternel de la nature, auquel la ville impériale est comparée.
The missionaries of Manuel I
Authors: Stone Andrew F.
Published: April 2013

La référence à certains orateurs du 12e siècle, principalement Nicolas Mouzalon (dans un discours pour le patriarche Nicolas III) et Eustathe de Thessalonique (dans son épitaphios pour manuel Ier Komnènos) montre que les empereurs Alexis Ier Komnènos et manuel Ier Komnènos avaient à leur ordre du jour la propagation de l’Évangile par un collège de missionnaires en Asie Mineure sous la direction d’un didaskalos tôn ethnôn. Le nombre des subordonnés semble s’être élevé à douze.
L'Académie de Platon et la Paix Commune de 371 av. J.-C.
Authors: Dušanić Slobodan
Published: April 2013

L'auteur décèle un rapport étroit entre l'activité de Platon et la politique étrangère d'Athènes, en particulier dans la tentative de paix commune de 371, dont l'inspirateur serait Timothéos. Il propose une interprétation historique pour le mythe d'Er le Pamphylien.
Pour une démarche pragmatique en histoire de la gestion
Authors: Berland Nicolas , Pezet Anne
Published: April 2013

La gestion et l’histoire ont entamé, depuis quelques années, un dialogue fructueux. Au-delà d’échanges qui restent ponctuels, la gestion peut, avec le concours de l’histoire, réaliser un parcours méthodologique et épistémologique au terme duquel conceptualisation et action se rapprocheront dans une conception pragmatique du métier de chercheur. Cette démarche sera illustrée à l’aide de travaux menés récemment en histoire de la comptabilité.
Quelle méthodologie pour la recherche sur le contrôle interne dans les banques françaises ?
Authors: Heem Gregory
Published: April 2013

Cet article traite de la méthodologie que nous avons utilisée pour nos recherches sur le contrôle interne bancaire. Nous analysons tout d’abord les fondements épistémologiques de la recherche en contrôle afin de déterminer notre positionnement. Ensuite, nous présentons le choix d’une méthode fondée sur des études de cas avec un développement sur les techniques d’analyse et de recueil des données.
Quelles pratiques pour une connaissance fondée sur l'action ? Le cas dune recherche-action en contrôle
Authors: Pastorelli Ivan
Published: April 2013

Les recherches-actions permettent de comprendre en profondeur un contexte organisationnel particulier, mais le chercheur a dans ce cadre une double contrainte de légitimité : celle de l’organisation, qui le rémunère pour résoudre un problème perçu, et celle de ses pairs, qui le jugent à sa capacité à produire des connaissances scientifiques. La conciliation de ses deux objectifs lui impose alors de se doter d’un dispositif apte à « objectiver des informations subjectives. » Grâce à une recherche de ce type menée dans un établissement subissant de sa tutelle une réforme de ses modes de gestion, nous avons montré l’inexistence des leviers d’action organisationnels sur lesquels pensait pouvoir s’appuyer la tutelle, et mis en évidence des effets pervers remettant en cause les objectifs même de cette réforme.
Les décisions de limitation de soins en néonatologie
Authors: Farnoux Caroline
Published: April 2013

La réflexion menée en néonatologie sur l’obstination thérapeutique déraisonnable remonte à l’origine de cette spécialité. Elle intègre aujourd’hui en France les évolutions législatives récentes, s’agissant en particulier de la place des soins palliatifs dans l’accompagnement de certains nouveau-nés – parfois dès la naissance – et du rôle des parents dans les décisions de limitation des traitements de réanimation.
Poursuivre ou non la réanimation d'un nouveau-né : le point de vue des parents
Authors: Caeymaex Laurence
Published: April 2013

La néonatalogie est l’une des spécialités médicales les plus délicates et sa pratique rencontre des questions difficiles. Ainsi en est-il quand surviennent des complications dont la gravité interroge sur une éventuelle décision d’arrêt des traitements de réanimation. Le nouveau-né n’est évidemment pas en mesure de signifier son propre choix ni même son consentement à une décision prise par d’autres. Émerge alors avec acuité la question de la place des parents dans la prise de décision. *
Ireland’s criminal conversations
Authors: Urquhart Diane
Published: April 2013

Criminal conversation, the legal action whereby a husband could bring a case for monetary damages against a man his wife had committed adultery with, was more widely discussed in 1970s-80s Ireland than at any other time in its three-century history. Popularly known as crim. con., the short-hand for criminal conversation meaning adultery, this process was based on trespass and, as women were legally seen as the property of their husbands, was only available to men. Crim. con. was abolished in the Republic of Ireland in 1981 and the campaign for its reform was headed by an amalgam of second-wave feminists. This article seeks to reinstate a forgotten victory to the Irish feminist movement and assess the relevance of the tactics deployed in crim. con.’s abolition for feminism in 21st-century Ireland.
Local “On-Demand” Generation and Function of Antigen-Specific Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells
Authors: McPherson Scott W. , Heuss Neal D. , Gregerson Dale S.
Published: April 2013

Extrathymically derived regulatory T cells (iTregs) protect against autoimmunity to tissue-specific Ags. However, whether Ag-specific iTreg generation and function is limited to secondary lymphoid tissue or whether it can occur within the tissue-specific local environment of the cognate Ag remains unresolved. Mice expressing β-galactosidase (βgal) on a retina-specific promoter (βgal mice) in conjunction with mice expressing GFP and diphtheria toxin (DTx) receptor (DTR) under control of the Foxp3 promoter, and βgal-specific TCR transgenic (BG2) mice were used to examine this question. Local depletion (ocular DTx), but not systemic depletion (i.p. DTx), of βgal-specific iTregs enhanced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis induced by activated βgal-specific effector T cells. Injections of small amounts of βgal into the anterior chamber of the eye produced similar numbers of βgal-specific iTregs in the retina whether the mouse was depleted of pre-existing, circulating Tregs. Taken together, these results suggest that protection from tissue-specific autoimmunity depends on the function of local Ag-specific iTregs and that the retina is capable of local, “on-demand” iTreg generation that is independent of circulating Tregs.
Acidic Amino Acid Residues in the Juxtamembrane Region of the Nucleotide-Sensing TLRs Are Important for UNC93B1 Binding and Signaling
Authors: Kim Jihee , Huh Jiwon , Hwang Misun , Kwon Eun-Hye , Jung Da-Jung , Brinkmann Melanie M. , Jang Myoung Ho , Ploegh Hidde L. , Kim You-Me
Published: April 2013

TLRs are divided into two groups based on their subcellular localization patterns. TLR1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 are expressed on the cell surface, whereas the nucleotide-sensing TLRs, such as TLR3, 7, 8, and 9 stay mainly inside cells. The polytopic membrane protein UNC93B1 physically interacts with the nucleotide-sensing TLRs and delivers them from the endoplasmic reticulum to endolysosomes, where the TLRs recognize their ligands and initiate signaling. In cells with nonfunctional UNC93B1, the nucleic acid–sensing TLRs fail to exit the endoplasmic reticulum and consequently do not signal. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms that underlie the UNC93B1-mediated TLR trafficking remain to be clarified. All nucleotide-sensing TLRs contain acidic amino acid residues in the juxtamembrane region between the leucine-rich repeat domain and the transmembrane segment. We show that the D812 and E813 residues of TLR9 and the D699 and E704 residues of TLR3 help to determine the interaction of these TLRs with UNC93B1. Mutation of the acidic residues in TLR3 and TLR9 prevents UNC93B1 binding, as well as impairs TLR trafficking and renders the mutant receptors incapable of transmitting signals. Therefore, the acidic residues in the juxtamembrane region of the nucleotide-sensing TLRs have important functional roles.
Hemorrhagic Shock Augments Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation in the Lung through Impaired Pyrin Induction
Authors: Xu Peng , Wen Zongmei , Shi Xueyin , Li Yuehua , Fan Liyan , Xiang Meng , Li Aijun , Scott Melanie J. , Xiao Guozhi , Li Song , Billiar Timothy R. , Wilson Mark A. , Fan Jie
Published: April 2013

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) promotes the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and organ injury by activating and priming the innate immune system for an exaggerated inflammatory response through, as of yet, unclear mechanisms. IL-1β also plays an important role in the development of post-HS systemic inflammatory response syndrome and active IL-1β production is tightly controlled by the inflammasome. Pyrin, a protein of 781 aa with pyrin domain at the N-terminal, negatively regulates inflammasome activation through interaction with nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–like receptor protein (NLRP). Expression of pyrin can be induced by LPS and cytokines, and IL-10 is a known potent inducer of pyrin expression in macrophages. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that HS downregulates IL-10 and therefore decreases pyrin expression to promote inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β processing and secretion in the lungs. Our results show that LPS, while activating Nlrp3 inflammasome in the lungs, also induced pyrin expression, which in turn suppressed inflammasome activation. More importantly, LPS-mediated upregulation of IL-10 enhanced pyrin expression, which serves, particularly in later phases, as a potent negative-feedback mechanism regulating inflammasome activation. However, HS-mediated suppression of IL-10 expression in alveolar macrophages attenuated the upregulation of pyrin in alveolar macrophages and lung endothelial cells and thereby significantly enhanced inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion in the lungs. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism by which HS suppresses negative-feedback regulation of Nlrp3 inflammasome to enhance IL-1β secretion in response to subsequent LPS challenge and so primes for inflammation.
Lymphotoxin β Receptor Regulates the Development of CCL21-Expressing Subset of Postnatal Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells
Authors: Lkhagvasuren Enkhsaikhan , Sakata Mie , Ohigashi Izumi , Takahama Yousuke
Published: April 2013

Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) play a pivotal role in the establishment of self-tolerance in T cells by ectopically expressing various tissue-restricted self-Ags and by chemoattracting developing thymocytes. The nuclear protein Aire expressed by mTECs contributes to the promiscuous expression of self-Ags, whereas CCR7-ligand (CCR7L) chemokines expressed by mTECs are responsible for the attraction of positively selected thymocytes. It is known that lymphotoxin signals from the positively selected thymocytes preferentially promote the expression of CCR7L rather than Aire in postnatal mTECs. However, it is unknown how lymphotoxin signals differentially regulate the expression of CCR7L and Aire in mTECs and whether CCR7L-expressing mTECs and Aire-expressing mTECs are distinct populations. In this study, we show that the majority of postnatal mTECs that express CCL21, a CCR7L chemokine, represent an mTEC subpopulation distinct from the Aire-expressing mTEC subpopulation. Interestingly, the development of CCL21-expressing mTECs, but not Aire-expressing mTECs, is impaired in mice deficient in the lymphotoxin β receptor. These results indicate that postnatal mTECs consist of heterogeneous subsets that differ in the expression of CCL21 and Aire, and that lymphotoxin β receptor regulates the development of the CCL21-expressing subset rather than the Aire-expressing subset of postnatal mTECs.
CD43-Mediated IFN-γ Production by CD8+ T Cells Promotes Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Mice
Authors: Zhou Hui-fang , Yan Huimin , Cannon Judy L. , Springer Luke E. , Green Jonathan M. , Pham Christine T. N.
Published: April 2013

CD43 is a glycosylated surface protein abundantly expressed on lymphocytes. Its role in immune responses has been difficult to clearly establish, with evidence supporting both costimulatory and inhibitory functions. In addition, its contribution to disease pathogenesis remains elusive. Using a well-characterized murine model of elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) that recapitulates many key features of the human disease, we established that the presence of CD43 on T cells is required for AAA formation. Moreover, we found that IFN-γ–producing CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, promote the development of aneurysm by enhancing cellular apoptosis and matrix metalloprotease activity. Reconstitution with IFN-γ–producing CD8+ T cells or recombinant IFN-γ promotes the aneurysm phenotype in CD43−/− mice, whereas IFN-γ antagonism abrogates disease in wild-type animals. Furthermore, we showed that the presence of CD43 with an intact cytoplasmic domain capable of binding to ezrin-radixin-moesin cytoskeletal proteins is essential for optimal in vivo IFN-γ production by T cells and aneurysm formation. We have thus identified a robust physiologic role for CD43 in a relevant animal model and established an important in vivo function for CD43-dependent regulation of IFN-γ production. These results further suggest that IFN-γ antagonism or selective blockade of CD43+CD8+ T cell activities merits further investigation for immunotherapy in AAA.
IL-22 Deficiency Alters Colonic Microbiota To Be Transmissible and Colitogenic
Authors: Zenewicz Lauren A. , Yin Xiaochen , Wang Guoyang , Elinav Eran , Hao Liming , Zhao Liping , Flavell Richard A.
Published: April 2013

IL-22 is a good candidate to play a critical role in regulating gut microbiota because it is an important inducer of antimicrobial peptides and mucins in the gut. However, whether IL-22 participates in immune homeostasis by way of modulating gut microbiota remains to be elucidated. In this study, we find, through 16S rRNA gene-pyrosequencing analysis, that healthy IL-22–deficient mice had altered colonic microbiota, notably with decreased abundance of some genera, including Lactobacillus, and increased levels of others. Mice harboring this altered microbiota exhibited more severe disease during experimentally induced colitis. Interestingly, this altered gut microbiota can be transmitted to cohoused wild-type animals along with the increased susceptibility to this colitis, indicating an important role for IL-22 in shaping the homeostatic balance between immunity and colonic microbiota for host health.
Mouse, but not Human STING, Binds and Signals in Response to the Vascular Disrupting Agent 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-Acetic Acid
Authors: Conlon Joseph , Burdette Dara L. , Sharma Shruti , Bhat Numana , Thompson Mikayla , Jiang Zhaozhao , Rathinam Vijay A. K. , Monks Brian , Jin Tengchuan , Xiao T. Sam , Vogel Stefanie N. , Vance Russell E. , Fitzgerald Katherine A.
Published: April 2013

Vascular disrupting agents such as 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) represent a novel approach for cancer treatment. DMXAA has potent antitumor activity in mice and, despite significant preclinical promise, failed human clinical trials. The antitumor activity of DMXAA has been linked to its ability to induce type I IFNs in macrophages, although the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In this study, we identify stimulator of IFN gene (STING) as a direct receptor for DMXAA leading to TANK-binding kinase 1 and IFN regulatory factor 3 signaling. Remarkably, the ability to sense DMXAA was restricted to murine STING. Human STING failed to bind to or signal in response to DMXAA. Human STING also failed to signal in response to cyclic dinucleotides, conserved bacterial second messengers known to bind and activate murine STING signaling. Collectively, these findings detail an unexpected species-specific role for STING as a receptor for an anticancer drug and uncover important insights that may explain the failure of DMXAA in clinical trials for human cancer.
An Empirical Muscle Intracellular Action Potential Model with Multiple Erlang probability Density Functions based on a Modified Newton Method
Authors: Kim Gyutae , Ferdjallah Mohammed M. , McKenzie Frederic D.
Published: April 2013

The convolution of the transmembrane current of an excitable cell and a weighting function generates a single fiber action potential (SFAP) model by using the volume conductor theory. Here, we propose an empirical muscle IAP model with multiple Erlang probability density functions (PDFs) based on a modified Newton method. In addition, we generate SFAPs based on our IAP model and referent sources, and use the peak-to-peak ratios (PPRs) of SFAPs for model verification. Through this verification, we find that the relation between an IAP profile and the PPR of its SFAP is consistent with some previous studies, and our IAP model shows close profiles to the referent sources. Moreover, we simulate and discuss some possible ionic activities by using the Erlang PDFs in our IAP model, which might present the underlying activities of ions or their channels during an IAP.
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia with Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Ibrahim Ramy , Alhilli Jaffar Ahmad , Cooper Tyler T. , Dashkova Irina , Guy Judah , Gandhi Anjula , Zaman Mohammad
Published: April 2013

We report a rare case of anemia and thrombocytopenia as a result of uterine fibroid and adenomyosis, complicated by immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Symptoms were presented as menorrhagia and metrorrhagia in a 34-year-old African American woman, who was later treated with blood and platelet transfusion and iron therapy with steroids. Uterine fibroids are commonly found to cause hematologic disturbances such as anemia and reactive thrombocytosis and, less commonly, thrombocytopenia. Moreover, such hematologic disturbances are secondary to heavy and irregular uterine bleeding, which is typically presented. A previous uterine fibroid diagnosis was made and reconfirmed by pelvic and transvaginal ultrasound to exclude other locoregional pathologies. ITP was suggested by Coombs test and several other serologies, leading to confirmation via bone marrow biopsy. In a previous case study, we reported positive responses in hemotecrit and platelet count after the introduction of iron therapy to an iron-depleted middle-aged female presenting severe anemia and thrombocytopenia. 1
Outpatient Management of Asthma in Children
Authors: Schultz André , Martin Andrew C.
Published: April 2013

The principal aims of asthma management in childhood are to obtain symptom control that allows individuals to engage in unrestricted physical activities and to normalize lung function. These aims should be achieved using the fewest possible medications. Ensuring a correct diagnosis is the first priority. The mainstay of asthma management remains pharmacotherapy. Various treatment options are discussed. Asthma monitoring includes the regular assessment of asthma severity and asthma control, which then informs decisions regarding the stepping up or stepping down of therapy. Delivery systems and devices for inhaled therapy are discussed, as are the factors influencing adherence to prescribed treatment.

The role of the pediatric health care provider is to establish a functional partnership with the child and their family in order to minimize the impact of asthma symptoms and exacerbations during childhood.
A Tool Preference Choice Method for RNA Secondary Structure Prediction by SVM with Statistical Tests
Authors: Hor Chiou-Yi , Yang Chang-Biau , Chang Chia-Hung , Tseng Chiou-Ting , Chen Hung-Hsin
Published: April 2013

The Prediction of RNA secondary structures has drawn much attention from both biologists and computer scientists. Many useful tools have been developed for this purpose. These tools have their individual strengths and weaknesses. As a result, based on support vector machines (SVM), we propose a tool choice method which integrates three prediction tools: pknotsRG, RNAStructure, and NUPACK. Our method first extracts features from the target RNA sequence, and adopts two information-theoretic feature selection methods for feature ranking. We propose a method to combine feature selection and classifier fusion in an incremental manner. Our test data set contains 720 RNA sequences, where 225 pseudoknotted RNA sequences are obtained from PseudoBase, and 495 nested RNA sequences are obtained from RNA SSTRAND. The method serves as a preprocessing way in analyzing RNA sequences before the RNA secondary structure prediction tools are employed. In addition, the performance of various configurations is subject to statistical tests to examine their significance. The best base-pair accuracy achieved is 75.5%, which is obtained by the proposed incremental method, and is significantly higher than 68.8%, which is associated with the best predictor, pknotsRG.
Pathological Findings in a Case of Failed Uterine Artery Embolization for Placenta Previa
Authors: Wada Natsuko , Tachibana Daisuke , Nakagawa Kayoko , Terada Hiroyuki , Nakano Akemi , Sumi Toshiyuki , Koyama Masayasu , Ishiko Osamu , Nishida Norifumi
Published: April 2013

The reported success rate of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for obstetrical hemorrhage is more than 90%. We experienced a case of failed UAE for postpartum hemorrhage, although an embolic particle was found pathologically in the uterine vessels without coagulation. A 42-year-old woman (gravida 7, para 2) with placenta previa had genital bleeding at 35 weeks of gestation, and cesarean section was performed. We immediately added UAE aiming to reduce massive bleeding after the cesarean section, successful embolization of the bilateral uterine arteries and internal iliac arteries were confirmed by angiography regardless the vital sign was recovered with an appropriate amount of transfusion; the massive bleeding recurred after 1 hour of UAE. Hysterectomy was performed and pathological findings of the uterus showed that there was no coagulation in the vessels, which was supposed to be observed by the effect of gelatin sponge. In addition, despite the fact that no coagulation was found, only one gelatin sponge was found in 16 slices of the uterine wall specimens. We speculate that thrombotic materials were caught in vasoconstricted vessels triggered by hypovolemic shock due to acute blood loss, and then the gelatin sponge could be washed out after recovering to normalized circulation status leading to recurrent massive hemorrhage.
Evolution and Impact of Bacterial Drug Resistance in the Context of Cystic Fibrosis Disease and Nosocomial Settings
Authors: Sriramulu Dinesh
Published: April 2013

The use of antibiotics is unavoidable in trying to treat acute infections and in the prevention and control of chronic infections. Over the years, an ever increasing number of infections has escalated the use of antibiotics, which has necessitated action against an emerging bacterial resistance. There seems to be a continuous acquisition of new resistance mechanisms among bacteria that switch niches between human, animals, and the environment. An antibiotic resistant strain emerges when it acquires the DNA that confers the added capacity needed to survive in an unusual niche. Once acquired, a new resistance mechanism evolves according to the dynamics of the microenvironment; there is then a high probability that it is transferred to other species or to an avirulent strain of the same species. A well understood model for studying emerging antibiotic resistance and its impact is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen which is able to cause acute and chronic infections in nosocomial settings. This bacterium has a huge genetic repertoire consisting of genes that encode both innate and acquired antibiotic resistance traits. Besides acute infections, chronic colonization of P. aeruginosa in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients plays a significant role in morbidity and mortality. Antibiotics used in the treatment of such infections has increased the longevity of patients over the last several decades. However, emerging multidrug resistant strains and the eventual increase in the dosage of antibiotic(s) is of major concern. Though there are various infections that are treated by single/combined antibiotics, the particular case of P. aeruginosa infection in CF patients serves as a reference for understanding the impact of overuse of antibiotics and emerging antibiotic resistant strains. This mini review presents the need for judicious use of antibiotics to treat various types of infections, protecting patients and the environment, as well as achieving a better treatment outcome.
Las elecciones autonómicas andaluzas de 2012 en la prensa nacional: Análisis de la cobertura de Abc, El Mundo y El País
Authors: Gómez Calderón Bernardo , Paniagua Rojano Francisco Javier , Farias Batlle Pedro
Published: April 2013

El artículo analiza la cobertura que los diarios de difusión nacional con edición autonómica (Abc, El Mundo y El País) prestaron a la campaña de las elecciones andaluzas del 25 de marzo de 2012. Objetivos. Determinar similitudes y divergencias en el tratamiento de los comicios entre unas cabeceras y otras, establecer el grado de convergencia de su agenda con la de los partidos contendientes, caracterizar la presencia de los líderes políticos  e identificar los frames predominantes. Metodología. Se aplica el análisis de contenido, atendiendo a dieciséis ítems relativos a la ubicación, la producción y el contenido de 497 textos publicados por los tres diarios. Conclusiones. La investigación constata el predominio de temas regionales en la cobertura de la campaña, la escasa presencia de elementos interpretativos y analíticos y la primacía de los encuadres estratégico y de juego en el enfoque de la información.
Presentación No.12
Authors: Ulloa Manuel Aráuz
Published: April 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i12.1001 Revista de Derecho No.12 2005
La regulación del error en el Código Penal de Nicaragua
Authors: Trapero Barreales María A
Published: April 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i12.1002 Revista de Derecho No.12 2009 pp.11-58
El concurso aparente de leyes en la legislación nicaragüense
Authors: Peña Castillo Fabiola María
Published: April 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i12.1003 Revista de Derecho No.12 2009 pp.59-96
Las etapas del iter criminis, y su aplicación práctica en los tipos de injusto de homicidio y asesinato
Authors: Castro Maradiaga Juan Bautista
Published: April 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i12.1004 Revista de Derecho No.12 2009 pp.97-132
Crimen organizado y su tipificacion en el contexto de la expansión del Derecho Penal
Authors: Callegari Andrés Luis
Published: April 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i12.1005 Revista de Derecho No.12 2009 pp.133-158
Las reglas detrás de la excepción. Reflexiones respecto de la tortura en los grupos de casos de las ticking time bombs
Authors: Greco Luís
Published: April 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i12.1006 Revista de Derecho No.12 2009 pp.159-188
El jurado: Expresión de la soberanía popular en la administración de justicia en las causas penales
Authors: Talavera Huete Victor Manuel
Published: April 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i12.1007 Revista de Derecho No.12 2009 pp.189-230
Aspectos fundamentales de la reforma procesal penal en España y Nicaragua
Authors: González Cano Ma Isabel
Published: April 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i12.1008 Revista de Derecho No.12 2009 pp.231-238
La persecución penal de las pandillas en El Salvador
Authors: Amaya Cóbar Edgardo A
Published: April 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i12.1009 Revista de Derecho No.12 2009 pp.239-249
Presentación No.13
Authors: Moreno Castillo Ma Asunción
Published: April 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i13.1010 Revista de Derecho No.13 2010
La empresa como objeto de negocios jurídicos: énfasis en la compraventa de empresas
Authors: Rojas Mercado Ruth Elizabeth
Published: April 2013

El artículo aborda temas referidos al concepto de empresa, dejando sentado que no existe un concepto unívoco de ésta y solamente el Código del Trabajo en su artículo 12 define un concepto pero no responde a las actuales necesidades jurídicas mercantiles del país. Se desarrolla el contenido relacionado a la empresa como objeto de negocios jurídicos y sus formas de transmisión como son la inter vivos en sus diferentes manifestaciones jurídicas a saber el arrendamiento; el usufructo; la hipoteca y la compraventa como negocio jurídico por excelencia pero que en nuestra legislación no se encuentra regulada por lo que se recurre a la aplicación del principio de la autonomía de la voluntad y la libertad de contratación y resto de ordenamiento jurídico aplicable. La otra forma de transmisión de la empresa es por causa de muerte, que es cuando el empresario transmitente es una personal natural o empresario individual. De igual forma, se expone el tema referido a los sujetos de la actividad mercantil, tal y como lo establece el Código de Comercio de nuestro país al utilizar el término de comerciante, siendo un vocablo inexacto dado que producto del desarrollo económico social el comerciante no solo se dedica al comercio sino que también puede desempeñarse en la industria o producción por lo que el término jurídico adecuado es el de empresario. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i13.1011 Revista de Derecho No.13 2010 pp.9-62
Cláusulas abusivas en los contratos de tarjeta de crédito
Authors: Vílchez Villanueva Amy Emperatriz
Published: April 2013

El artículo desarrolla el tema referido a las clausulas abusivas en los contratos de tarjeta de crédito, para lo cual se procedió, como primer paso para comprender el tema y alcance del mismo, al estudio de la definición de tarjeta de crédito, su naturaleza jurídica, la función económica o el papel que desempeña en la sociedad. Se aborda de forma amplia el contrato de emisión de la tarjeta, instrumento jurídico que es donde se establecen o estipulan las cláusulas abusivas. Lo anterior, permite emitir un análisis crítico de las principales clausulas abusivas, aunque la ley no proporciona el concepto de éstas, teniendo que la Ley 515, Ley de Promoción y Ordenamiento del Uso de la Tarjeta de Crédito contempla una serie de clausulas que de incorporarse al contrato de tarjeta de crédito, éste resultaría nulo; no obstante la Ley no establece la forma en que se puedan impugnar ni el procedimiento que el usuario puede utilizar para tal fin. La Norma sobre la Promoción y Ordenamiento de la Tarjeta de Crédito solamente instaura el procedimiento relativo a la impugnación del estado de cuenta y no de las cláusulas abusivas. La Ley de la Superintendencia de Bancos y Otras Instituciones Financieras no contiene de forma expresa la atribución de resolver el dilema mencionado, por lo que la Ley de Defensa de los Consumidores y su Reglamento puede ser una solución; sin embargo la Dirección de los Consumidores considera que esa es una función específica de la Superintendencia de Bancos. En ese sentido, el tarjetahabiente tiene como opción final utilizar la vía civil por medio de la acción de nulidad parcial del contrato. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i13.1012 Revista de Derecho No.13 2010 pp.63-98
El alcance del inciso “b)” del artículo 8 de la Ley de Marcas nicaragüense: De los ángulos del principio de especialidad a los supuestos de confusión-asociación y marcas inadmisibles
Authors: Peña Pérez Julia Marcia
Published: April 2013

En el artículo se puede encontrar un análisis sobre el alcance del derecho titular de una marca; siendo necesario para el estudio del tema la utilización del principio de especialidad, los supuestos de riesgo de confusión, asociación y marcas renombradas o notorias. Para abordar el estudio se recurre, además, a la legislación nacional como es la Ley de Marcas y su Reglamento que es precisamente donde se genera la polémica objeto de nuestro estudio, dado que en los artículos 8 inciso b) y 26 inciso e) de la Ley y el artículo 12 del Reglamento de la Ley consagran dos formas distintas de aplicar y entender el principio de especialidad, lo cual ha ocasionado confusión en nuestro foro. Por un lado, los artículos 8 inciso b) y 26 inciso e) de la Ley regulan, desde nuestro punto de vista de forma correcta, los derechos exclusivos del titular de una marca, sin que éstos se vean limitados o afectados ante la pretensión de que un tercero quiera inscribir posteriormente en el Registro signos idénticos o similares dentro de la misma clase o no para un producto, servicio o mercancía diferente a la ya inscrito. Contario sensu a lo establecido en la Ley, el artículo 12 del Reglamento, restringe o limita el derecho marcario en el sentido de que si la marca que se quiere inscribir es idéntica o similar a la ya inscrita procede si es con un producto diferente aunque sea dentro de la misma clase, de ahí se analiza entonces la jerarquía las normas, la protección del titular de la marca y la aplicación de la posición cimentada de la doctrina. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i13.1013 Revista de Derecho No.13 2010 pp.99-140
Empresa y responsabilidad social, análisis conceptual
Authors: Fuentes Parrales Carlos Alberto
Published: April 2013

El artículo versa sobre la empresa y la responsabilidad social de éstas en la sociedad. En función de lo anterior, se aborda necesariamente el concepto y evolución de la empresa a lo largo de la historia, sus fines e interrelación con la sociedad. Teniendo claro el concepto de ésta se desarrolla el concepto y evolución de la responsabilidad social empresarial y por supuesto las posiciones a favor y en contra de la responsabilidad social empresarial. En este sentido, las posiciones en contra de la responsabilidad social empresarial basan su argumento en que no es posible la convergencia de intereses entre los dueños de las empresas y la sociedad debido a que los primeros tienen como objetivo lograr utilidades y la segunda el bienestar social. En cuanto a los puntos de vista que se encuentran o están a favor, se manifiesta que las empresas integran preocupaciones con carácter social y ambiental en sus operaciones y demás interacciones, es decir hacen negocio mediante el compromiso empresarial de contribuir al desarrollo sostenible de las partes interesadas. No obstante lo anterior, se manifiesta que las empresas pueden practicar la responsabilidad social empresarial yendo más allá de lo establecido o regulado por la legislación y que para complementar la aplicación de dicha responsabilidad se deben desarrollar indicadores de desempeño de la misma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i13.1014 Revista de Derecho No.13 2010 pp.141-185
La necesidad de una reforma al derecho concursal de Nicaragua
Authors: Alvear Lara Gema Del Soccoro
Published: April 2013

El presente trabajo desarrolla el tema referido a la necesidad de una reforma al Derecho Concursal en nuestro país; lo cual para llegar a dicha conclusión fue necesario abordar el concepto, naturaleza, fuentes y función del Derecho Concursal. De igual forma, se estudiaron las instituciones concursales como son el concurso de acreedores, la suspensión de pagos y la insolvencia, no sin referirnos a la quiebra en cuanto a sus presupuestos, clasificación, los órganos que intervienen en ésta, los efectos de la declaración tanto para el deudor y el acreedor y las formas de terminación del procedimiento de la quiebra como son la revocación del auto declarando la quiebra, el convenio con los acreedores y la realización de los bienes del deudor. El Derecho Concursal en nuestro país está regulado, principalmente, por el Código Civil, el Código de Procedimiento Civil y el Código del Comercio. En el foro se discute la naturaleza del Derecho Concursal de si es un derecho sustantivo o adjetivo; al respecto nuestra posición es que es de carácter procesal pero que utiliza algunas disposiciones de carácter sustantivo. Nuestra legislación diferencia, innecesariamente desde nuestro punto de vista, la quiebra para los comerciantes y la insolvencia para los no comerciantes y sin embargo, el procedimiento para la ejecución de éstas es el mismo. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i13.1015 Revista de Derecho No.13 2010 pp.187-223
Presentación No.14
Authors: Moreno Castillo María Asunción
Published: April 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i14.1016 Revista de Derecho No.14 2010