bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Military towns for military-strategic function of Western Siberian towns (Omsk and Novo-Nikolaevsk) early in the 20th century
Authors: Chugunov E. V.
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Exploration of military towns as one of the components of military strategy of the cities of Omsk and Novo-Nikolaevsk in the 19–20th centuries.

Design/methodology/approach: Archival and literary sources, buildings of the military department, quite autonomous in Siberian cities corresponding to all functional purposes.

Research findings: The influence of the militarystrategic plans of the Russian Empire on the spatial development of military-strategic aspect of construction of barrack complexes in urban development.

Practical implications: The research results can be applied in further study of military towns in Omsk and Novo-Nikolayevsk Originality/ value: Research results show the history of construction and architecture of military buildings of the 41st, 43rd, 44th Siberian Rifle Regiments, which were part of the Omsk Military District (Siberian Military District from 1899 to 1906) and stationed in Omsk and Novo-Nikolaevsk.
The Nexus between Fundamental Rights and Necessities of Life: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Razi Naseem , Zahoor Rashida , Abbas Ghulam
Published: June 2021

The Constitution of Pakistan 1973 protects its citizens by guaranteeing some fundamental rights. It is, however, a matter of great concern that these rights do not cover the "right to access the necessities of life like access to clean water, food, clothing, shelter, and medicine etc". It, thus, leads imperfection of the constitutional rights. Therefore, this study aims to highlight this gap by evaluating the constitutional fundamental rights in the light of the necessities of life. This study concludes that lack of access to the necessities of life has made the people least concern towards the national issues and development of the country. Hence, this paper recommends filling up this gap and to incorporate the "right to access to the necessities of life" in the Constitution 1973.
Role of Social Media in Promoting Feministic Consciousness
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Ahsan , Yousaf Chaudhary Husnain , Shehzadi Aqsa Iram
Published: June 2021

This study measures the role of social media in promoting feministic consciousness among females of Multan. Feminism and the awareness for the rights of women in Pakistan have been shaping themselves for a long. The link between the campaigns of women and the state of Pakistan has undertaken many shifts from mutual accommodation and necessary philosophical arguments out openly and dispute, which is followed by contribution and co-optation. It is a quantitative study in which the researcher will utilize survey methodology in order to gather information from the participants regarding the role of social media in promoting feministic consciousness. The study comprises 300 female participants who were inquired about usage pattern and consumption of social media and awareness of feminism. SPSS software was used for the analysis. The result of this study shows that the feminist understanding has the least relationship with social media, and the females who are aware regarding feministic consciousness have better uplift in their social status.
Does a CEO's Cultural Background Affect Community Related CSR Activities?
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Ullah Naeem , Aman Nida
Published: June 2021

By using the large sample having the 9658 observations, this study investigates the impact of the CEO's cultural background on the community-related CSR activities. From the empirical analysis, it is found that different cultural dimensions affected differently. Individualistic and masculine CEOs are positively and significantly related to community-related CSR activities. It is also found that uncertainty avoidance is negatively and significantly related to community-related CSR activities. This study has used the data from the year 2002 to 2015 and employed a pooled regression technique to find the empirical results. This is the first study in its nature and provides a direction for future research.
Pak-China Economic Corridor and its Consequence on Pakistan's Demography
Authors: Gul Shabnam , Alam Aftab , Akbar Zahid
Published: June 2021

Sino-Pak Economic ties will be a great development, but if their first and utmost priority is local citizen, poor people and underdeveloped areas. Pakistan being a developing country is facing a high level of socio-economic and governance problems; the corridor can provide a big break to soothe its economic structure. In this connection, the Balochistan seaport will be a home of traders and world economies because of their great geographical location. Pakistan is an agricultural state, and its economic structure is mostly based on agro land, but due to some reason still, it is an unbalanced economy; the passageway will offer a solution to its troubles and will open a new chapter of development by improving socio-economic conditions of the people and elevating their quality of life. Many Special Economic Zones are conceived to be established in all five provinces. This opportunity will also help to improve not only the south Asian region but will make this particular country Pakistan, a hub for socio-economic activities.
Ruptured aneurysm–induced pituitary apoplexy: illustrative case
Authors: Yoshida Michiharu , Hiu Takeshi , Baba Shiro , Morikawa Minoru , Horie Nobutaka , Ujifuku Kenta , Yoshida Koichi , Matsunaga Yuki , Niino Daisuke , Xie Ang , Izumo Tsuyoshi , Anda Takeo , Matsuo Takayuki
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Pituitary apoplexy associated with aneurysmal rupture is extremely rare and may be misdiagnosed as primary pituitary adenoma apoplexy. The authors present a case of a patient with pituitary apoplexy caused by rupture of an anterior cerebral artery aneurysm embedded within a giant pituitary adenoma, and they review the relevant literature.

OBSERVATIONS

A 78-year-old man experienced sudden headache with progressive vision loss. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a giant pituitary tumor with abnormal signal intensity. Magnetic resonance angiography immediately before surgery showed a right A1 segment aneurysm, suggesting coexisting pituitary apoplexy and ruptured aneurysm. The patient underwent urgent transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary apoplexy. The tumor was partially removed, but the perianeurysmal component was left behind. Subsequent cerebral angiography showed a 5-mm right A1 aneurysm with a bleb that was successfully embolized with coils. Retrospective review of preoperative dynamic MRI showed extravasation of contrast medium from the ruptured aneurysm into the pituitary adenoma. Histopathologic examination showed gonadotroph adenoma with hemorrhagic necrosis. Postoperatively, the patient’s visual function improved.

LESSONS

MRI identification of pituitary apoplexy caused by aneurysmal rupture has not been reported previously. Aneurysmal rupture should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy. When a ruptured aneurysm is encountered, the authors recommend treating it before addressing pituitary apoplexy.
Spinal navigation applied to the anterior approach for the resection of thoracic disc herniation: patient series
Authors: Rusconi Angelo , Roccucci Paolo , Peron Stefano , Stefini Roberto
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Thoracic disc herniation (TDH) represents a challenge for spine surgeons. The goal of this study is to report the surgical technique and clinical results concerning the application of navigation to anterior transthoracic approaches.

OBSERVATIONS

Between 2017 and 2019, 8 patients with TDH were operated in the lateral decubitus by means of mini-open thoracotomy. An adapted patient referent frame was secured to the iliac wing. The high-speed drill was also navigated. Intraoperative three-dimensional scans were used for level identification, optimized drilling trajectory, and assessment of complete resection. At 12 months follow up, all patients were ambulatory. Seven out of 8 patients (87%) experienced a postoperative neurological improvement. We observed 2 postoperative complications: 1 case of pleural effusion and 1 case of abdominal wall weakness.

LESSONS

In order to increase the safety of anterior transthoracic discectomy, the authors applied the concepts of spinal navigation to the thoracotomy setting. The advantages of this technique include decrease in wrong-level procedure, continuous matching of intraoperative and navigation anatomical findings, better exposure of the TDH, optimized vertebral body drilling, and minimized risk of neurological damage. In conclusion, the authors consider spinal navigation as an important resource for the surgical treatment of patients with TDH.
ASSESSMENT OF LAND COVER CHANGES DUE TO ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSES IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREA OF ISHKOMAN WATERSHED, GILGIT, PAKISTAN
Authors: NABI Komal , ALI Karamat , ASHRAF Muhammad Irfan , IMRAN Areeba Binte , AHMAD Naveed
Published: June 2021

Remote Sensing (RS) provides the best ways to monitor temporal changes and to understand land use dynamics. Remote sensing analysis can be further enhanced when community perception regarding major drivers of change is integrated. The present study was an attempt to assess the land use land cover changes in the Ishkoman watershed in the Ghizer district. The study explored Landsat-5 and Landsat-8 images to assess the LULC dynamics from 1998 to 2018, and also used questionnaires for community perception regarding LULC changes in the past two decades. Supervised classification was used to monitor changes between 1998 and 2018 and the maximum likelihood technique was used to categorize the pixels into six classes: vegetation/forest area, bare rocks, water bodies, glaciers/snow area, rivers, water, and agriculture. Regarding the questionnaires, the correlation matrix and regression models were developed between independent variables (population, land type cleared, and extra land required for new family members) and dependent variables (land use dynamics factors and socio-economic variables). The results showed that all six land cover classes have shown temporal changes between 1998-2018 and the most significant change was observed in forests and pastures (which decreased from 18.7% to 5.9 %). Similarly, glaciers, water, rivers, and agriculture have changed from 13.1, 6.5, 9.3, 1.5 to 15.8, 4.0, 11.32, 3.1, respectively between 1998-2018. The largest change was observed in bare rocks which increased from 50.2 % to 60.06%. Moreover, temporal NDVI analysis showed a decrease in vegetation cover (conversion to bare rocks) between 1998-2018. The questionnaire results revealed that the highest correlation was shown between population increase and decrease in crop production (R2 = -0.348), whereas the lowest correlation was found in population increase and population access to bus stops (R2 = -0.167). Similarly, the highest correlation was found between access to roads and markets (R2 = 0.349) and dependent variable (land type cleared), whereas the lowest correlobserved in access to water resources (R2 = -0.021). The study concluded that land use land cover has been significantly changed from 1998 to 2018 in the Ishkoman Watershed. The study suggested more in-depth research to examine land use land cover changes at finer scales by using high resolution satellite imagery, and conducting details surveys regarding the underlying anthropogenic causes of land use dynamics.
A WOODEN-COLUMNED MOSQUE FROM ANATOLIA. BEYŞEHİR EŞREFOĞLU MOSQUE
Authors: ERARSL Alev
Published: June 2021

Wooden-columned mosques constitute a major structural group in Turkish mosque architecture. Inspired by the abundance of forestation in the region in which they were built, the mosques that made use of wood boasted of rich architectural ornamentation. It is the aim of this study to offer a presentation of Beyşehir Eşrefoğlu Mosque, one of the wooden-columned mosques that were widely constructed in the Anatolian Selçuk Era, taking their place in Anatolian Turko-Islamic architecture. A product of the local master builders of its time, the structure was included in UNESCO’s List of Provisional World Heritage Sites. In this context, the paper will describe the characteristics and elements of the layout of the Beyşehir Eşrefoğlu Mosque, its structural system, roof structure, and the distinctive features of the materials and adornments used.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT MACHINING ON THE ROUGHNESS OF OAK WOOD
Authors: SMAJIC Selver , JOVANOVIC Juraj
Published: June 2021

The paper presents research on the differences the in total roughness and the impact of parameters during different kinds of machining processes of oak samples. Oak wood samples were planed referring to a radial surface structure of wood. The planing machine was Weinig Unimat 500 and the planing head had two blades. The planing was conducted at a feed speed of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 m·min-1. The cutting depth of the machining grip was 1.00 mm and the rake angle of the tool blade was bio γ = 15°, at 6000°/min. The diameter of the cutting blade was Φ = 125 mm. Sanding was performed on a Viet Opera V contact sanding machine in combination heads with pre-planing knives and a roller with sanding belt. Roughness was measured along the grain in the latewood area of the annual growth using the electro mechanical profiler Mitutoyo SJ-500. The samples which were machined at a feed speed of 10 m·min-1 had the lowest roughness. The highest value of the roughness had samples which were machined at a feed speed of 30 m·min-1. After comparing roughness obtained during sanding and planing it was determined that the surface roughness obtained on a sanding machine approximately corresponds to the roughness obtained by planing at a feed speed of 20 and 25 m·min-1.
The renewal of politics through co-creation: the analysis of the case of rainwater and biowaste in Brussels
Authors: De Muynck Simon , Nalpas Dominique
Published: June 2021

In 2015, The Brussels Institute for Research and Innovation (Innoviris) launched an innovative policy in Europe, inviting Brussels research consortia to propose participatoryaction research (PAR) projects. PHOSPHORE and BRUSSEAU worked for three years in and on Brussels socio-technical systems, respectively on biowaste and water management. These research projects revealed many institutional (governance) tensions, and tackled many political issues which this paper analyses because they are still insufficiently explored in the literature. The main contribution of the paper is the discussion of the reflexive learning between the two projects concerning the institutional tensions (reductive injunctions, black boxes, antagonisms, post-political) and moments of confluences (impacts on municipalities strategies and policies, rebalancing of distribution of power, removal of regulatory barriers, emergence of a multi-level and multi-technical approach) we encountered.
Observable Signals of Motivation in Teaching-learning Process
Authors: Azim Muhammad Umer , Hussain Zaheer , Munir Azhar , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: June 2021

The current study focuses on the identification of the observable signals of motivation as perceived by the language teachers in the teaching-learning process. This phenomenon is worth studying as it can open new dimensions for conducting research on motivation and engagement in the field of applied linguistics. It can be very helpful for teachers in assessing their students’ motivation. Data was collected for this phenomenological study through questionnaire, interviews, and focus group discussion. The sample consisted of twenty-six English language teachers. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The observable signals of motivation were categorized in the behavioral, emotional, and cognitive domains. The results identified that ‘asking probing questions’, ‘eye contact’, ‘asking for extra resources’, ‘loving and respecting teachers’, ‘coming on time’, ‘completing classroom tasks quickly’, ‘enjoying group activities’, and ‘suggesting topics to teachers’ comprised the observable signals of motivation. The majority of the teachers agreed on observing most of these signals. Teachers can use these signals to assess the motivation of their learners and future researchers can use the findings of this research for conducting further research.
The radiation from ultrafast point dipoles, moving uniformly near chiral media
Authors: Kadantsev V. N.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the features of the radiation of ultrafast point clusters of charged particles moving uniformly near a gyrotropic medium interface. It is shown that some types of electromagnetic radiation – transient and/or Cherenkov radiation – have the characteristics of superchiral fields. Therefore, they can be effectively used to study chiral structures (for example, to detect circular dichroism, the frequency characteristics of refractive indices), various materials, including biomaterials. Ultrafast (relativistic) particles can serve as a «tool» not only for studying the structure of various materials. They can also be used as «generators» of quasiparticles that determine the «dynamic» properties of the materials under study, as well as the features of their interaction with radiation of various nature and response to external influences. In this paper, some types of circularly polarized EM waves propagating in optically active (magnetoactive, naturally active, gyrotropic, and chiral) media are considered. Using the generalized reciprocity theorem for media characterized by the Hermitian permittivity tensor, we consider the transient and Cherenkov radiation excited by a uniformly moving bunch of charged particles when it crosses (or moves along) the interface of media, one of which is an optically active gyrotropic medium. It is shown that the superchiral electromagnetic fields of the transition and Cherenkov radiation of dipoles can serve as a source of chiral collective excitations in magnetoactive and naturally active media. The investigated mechanisms of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with chiral materials (structures and media) are one of the possible physical approaches to solving the problem of the chiral purity of the biosphere and to elucidate the factor of deracemization of the organic primeval environment. A new hypothesis is presented, suggesting that ultra-high-speed clumps of charged particles of cosmic origin can cause deracemization of the prebiosphere.
Evaluation methods of mechanical properties for low-k dielectrics
Authors: Ovchinnikov I. S.
Published: June 2021

This review introduces the study of state-of-art methods for assessing the mechanical properties of insulating materials with low dielectric constant. The main features of measuring Young’s modulus of thin films insulating materials with low dielectric constant are determined by usage of Brillouin light scattering, surface acoustic wave spectroscopy, picosecond laser-acoustic method, ellipsometric porosimetry, nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy in various modes. The author estimated the optimum lateral and optimum depth resolution for each above method. The review analyzes the degree of sample preparation complexity for the measurements by these methods and describes what methods of measurement are destructive for the samples. Besides, the review makes a comparison for the results of evaluating Young’s modulus of insulating materials with low dielectric constant achieved by different methods. Comparative analysis of the methods for assessing mechanical properties lead us to the conclusion that the method of atomic force microscopy is superior to other methods described above, both in lateral (8 nm) and optimum depth (10 nm) resolution. It is shown that due to the small impact force of the atomic force microscope probe on the surface, the method does not have a destructive effect on the sample. In addition, there is no need to create special conditions for the experiment (e.g., the cleanliness level of the premises, the possibility of an experiment under environmental conditions, etc.). This makes the experiment relatively simple in terms of preparing the object of research. It has been also established that the method of atomic force microscopy in the mode of quantitative nanomechanical mapping allows forming a map of the distribution of the Young’s modulus of the insulating material as part of the metallization system of integrated circuits.
The technique of point visualization of the electric field in space and time
Authors: Kurbanismailov Z. M. , Tarlanov A. T. , Akimov E. M.
Published: June 2021

Testing of electronic devices is an integral part of the technological process of any manufacturer of such equipment. In this case, an electronic device is understood as an energy-intensive unit such as a mobile phone, data center or spacecraft. One of the key stages of testing is to identify the effect of electric fields on various electronic components of the device. This stage often requires making a mock-up of some part of an unfinished device in order to fix interference with special equipment. This requires time, financial and human resource costs. In order to reduce these costs in the modern world, the use of mathematical modeling tools for testing noise immunity and electromagnetic compatibility is becoming popular. In this paper, it is proposed to use an algorithm for visualizing electric fields in three-dimensional space and time. The algorithm is easily embedded into applications as a component of a mathematical modeling system. The work considered three ways of visualizing the electric field strength: starting from a simple setting of points in space, on the basis of which the electric field will be built, around the source of electric field radiation, to the use of algorithms that make it possible to arrange points equidistantly based on a given number of points in space for the formation of an electric field. The performance and visual implications of these methods were analyzed. The proposed methodology will be useful to the developer community as an embedded solution for point visualization of the electric field in any project in any algorithmic language with the ability to animate in time.
Application of biometric systems in face identification technologies
Authors: Kulikov A. A.
Published: June 2021

The paper presents an analytical review of the application of biometric recognition systems in relation to facial image identification technologies. The classification of biometric systems is presented. The trends of technological progress in the field of biometrics and facial recognition capabilities are considered. It is determined that in 2020 there is a trend of transition from the use of biometric recognition technologies in traditional state security systems to the sphere of commercial and user applications. The process of «linking» encryption keys and passwords with the biometric parameters of the data subject is described. It is proposed that a biometric feature and a biometrics parameter mean a certain value that has a physical meaning that characterizes the subject itself. The possibility of using circular neighborhood and bilinear interpolation of pixel intensity values in biometrics is also presented. This will make it possible to build a local binary template. In order to solve the problem of identification of persons, it is advisable to investigate the essence of biometric systems in the technologies of identification of persons, their types, identifying the shortcomings of each of them, on the basis of which to present the directions of elimination and search for the most reliable technologies. The essence of the use of biometric systems in the technologies of identification of persons is, for example, that the user can provide the bank or other counterparty with evidence that it is he who wants to use the services on his accounts. At the same time, the demand has increased for contactless biometric solutions. These technologies are implemented in order to conduct additional biometric verification of users. This allows to minimize possible fraud or violation of the internal rules of the service, for example, the transfer of accounts of some registered users to others.
Synthesis of program angular motions of the Earth remote sensing spacecraft with high spatial resolution
Authors: Gorchakov S. Yu.
Published: June 2021

The article considers a spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth with high-resolution or ultra-high-resolution optical-electronic equipment. During the shooting process, the recorded image constantly moves through the photodetector matrix at a non-constant and/or excessive velocity, which is not suitable for this photodetector. The purpose of the article is to synthesize a method for the control of the orientation and stabilization of the remote sensing spacecraft, which will provide a strictly specified velocity of the image motion on the photodetector. It is proposed to find such a law of motion (functional dependences of the angular rate of the remote sensing spacecraft on time), which will allow, when applied in the control loop, to compensate for the image motion velocities that are unsuitable for this photodetector. The method used consists in time differentiation of the fundamental equation of space photogrammetry in the guiding cosines, as well as in differentiation of the matrix of guiding cosines. This provides a transition between the guiding cosines in the space of images and the space of objects. The result obtained in the article is the derived equation of space photogrammetry in kinematic form, as well as the functional dependences of angular rate on time. In the present article, a mathematical model of scanning images of the Earth’s landscapes with the help of remote sensing spacecraft is compiled. The obtained functional dependences can be applied in the development of on-board algorithms for controlling the orientation and stabilization of the remote sensing spacecraft. When implementing orientation and stabilization control in the on-board computer based on the obtained functional dependencies, a strictly specified speed of image movement in the focal plane of the on-board shooting equipment can be provided, and, consequently, the quality of the scanned image is improved by improving the function of transmitting the modulation of the kinematic “smudge” (blurring) of the image.
Problems of mass distance learning in a pandemic
Authors: Christochevsky S. A.
Published: June 2021

In 2020, the coronavirus pandemic affected the whole world, including Russia. The Russian government had to introduce emergency measures to combat the pandemic, including the transfer to distance learning of schoolchildren and students. In the context of a pandemic, it became necessary to urgently consider issues and problems of distance learning in educational organizations, primarily in secondary education organizations. Previously, none of the concepts of informatization of education even considered the massive transition to distance learning for schoolchildren and students.

The article examines the readiness of educational organizations, parents and children for the massive use of distance learning, analyzes the problems that arise in the implementation of this form of education, including: the problem of choosing software and platforms for distance learning; problems associated with underdeveloped infrastructure; problems of the availability of electronic educational resources corresponding to the new learning conditions; problems of lack of online work experience for both teachers and schoolchildren; as well as other issues related to distance learning.

The need is noted: switching the attention of researchers and developers of software and online platforms to research in the field of mass transition to distance learning at all age levels; the development of new distance online platforms and the processing of many electronic educational resources for new platforms; linking multimedia educational content to exemplary basic educational programs of primary, basic and secondary general education.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ORGANIZING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TEACHER AND STUDENTS IN DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors: Novikova N. N. , Kuznetsova Т. A.
Published: June 2021

The article focuses on the methodological aspects of organizing communication between participants in the educational process in the context of using distance technologies. The main forms of organizing educational activities in distance learning are considered, depending on the level of technical equipment of the educational organization, the availability of personal devices, communication facilities and communication software. The modern services for organizing the interactive interaction of subjects of the educational process are described, their functionality and features in organizing communication are highlighted, the advantages and disadvantages are revealed. The article touches on the organization of the pedagogical process online from the point of view of the teacher's readiness to use modern digital technologies and depending of the level of development of students' communicative skills. The article presents a block diagram of an online lesson with the organization of group work, designed in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Basic General Education from the position of systematizing the actions of the teacher and students. At each stage of the online lesson (organizational, motivational-target, design, organizational-activity, evaluative, reflexive-semantic), the tasks of educational activities and methods for organizing communication are highlighted. The preparatory work of a teacher for conducting an online lesson in distance learning mode is disclosed in detail and the features of interaction are described that allow the teacher to recognize the psychological readiness of students for learning. Online etiquette is designed to help learners build productive relationships with classmates. The use of verbal and non-verbal communication methods in an online lesson expands the opportunities for students to interact with each other and with the teacher. The proposed methodological approaches to the use of digital means make it possible to activate the activities of students in the process of distance learning and to develop communication skills in practice.
FRACTAL APPROACH TO THE USE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN MATH LESSONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TEACHING STOCHASTICS)
Authors: Polyakova A. Yu.
Published: June 2021

The development of the information society has entailed the development and implementation into practice of educational institutions, in particular schools, numerous educational technologies based on information and communication technologies. Various methodologies and approaches to the study of modern educational technologies make it possible to determine how effective their application is in the learning process. We tried to reflect the potential of modern educational technologies in math lessons from the position of a still little-studied fractal approach to teaching. The application of a fractal approach in teaching is a relevant study of the present. Many scientists are engaged in the formulation and resolution of certain issues of this problematics. The educational process of general education institutions  — schools, which should be built on each of the lessons in the context of a fractal approach, does not go unnoticed. Math lessons are no exception to this, so in the article we tried to indicate possible ways to implement a fractal approach to teaching schoolchildren mathematics. Namely, we presented a list of technologies that can be used in the course of educational activities. In addition, we described the methodological problems of a fractal approach to the use of educational technologies in the learning process. In the article, the methodological problems of the fractal approach to the use of educational technologies in the learning process are considered on the example of one of the lines of the school course in mathematics  — probability-statistical, which has become the basis for the development of the entire complex of socio-economic sciences, as well as physics, biology, linguistics, chemistry, astronomy and many other areas. The article contains the author's definition of the concept of «fractal approach in teaching mathematics».
Pain-Induced Impact on Movement: Motor Coordination Variability and Accuracy-Based Skill
Authors:   Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Science in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Arieh Hasan , Abdoli Behrouz ,   Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Science in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Farsi Alireza ,   Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Science in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Haghparast Abbas ,   Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Studies on pain are generally conducted for two purposes: first, to study patients with pain who have physical changes due to nerve and muscle lesions, and second, to regain the appropriate kinematic post-pain pattern. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of pain on the coordination variability pattern and throw accuracy. Participants included 30 people with a mean age of 18-25 years who volunteered to participate in the study. Individuals were randomly divided into three groups of local pain, remote pain, and control group. Without pain, participants practiced and acquired skills in 10 blocks of 15 trials. In the retention and transition phase, which were associated with pain, in their respective groups, included 1 hour, 24- hour, and 1- week acquisition; they were re-tested twice in a 15-block trial, which was once with and without pain. The results revealed that pain did not affect the throwing accuracy (p = 0.469). Besides, in the phase of decreasing acceleration in throwing, movement variability pattern in the pain-related groups in the shoulder and elbow joints (p = 0.000), elbow and wrist (p = 0.000), were more than the painless groups. Based on the results, it can be said that the increase in variability in pain-related groups is due to the different strategies and patterns that individuals use to avoid pain. Also, despite the pain, the nervous system attempts to increase the variability find the least painful pattern of movement and reduces this variability over time and using a repetitive pattern.
The Effect of Different Concentrations of Methylprednisolone on Survival, Proliferation, and Migration of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells
Authors:   Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Bagheri Zohreh , Shamsi Fatemeh ,   Department of Neurosciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Zeraatpisheh Zahra ,   Department of Neurosciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Salmannejad Mahin ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Soltani Ahmad ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Aligholi Hadi ,   Department of Neurosciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The present study addressed whether methylprednisolone (MP) as an anti-inflammatory drug used in neurodegenerative diseases and neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) is safe. Methods: First, embryonic rat NS/PCs were exposed to different concentrations of MP, and then we evaluated their survival by MTT assay, proliferation by analyzing the number and diameter of neurospheres, and the migration of the cells by neurosphere assay. Results: The viability of NS/PCs was reduced following exposure to 10, 15, and 20 µg/mL of MP. In addition, although the number of neurospheres did not change, exposure to different concentrations of MP resulted in the formation of smaller neurospheres. Despite these undesirable effects, the highest concentration of MP (20 μg/mL) increased the migration capacity of the NS/PCs. Conclusion: The combination of MP and NS/PCs is not recommended due to the adverse effects of MP on the survival and proliferation of NS/PCs.
Elaboración de abonos orgánicos mediante dos técnicas de compostaje en mercados del cantón La Troncal
Authors: Arizaga Gamboa Raúl Enrique , Balladares Montero Julio César
Published: June 2021

El presente trabajo se realizó en el cantón La Troncal provincia del Cañar, tiene como propósito analizar el tratamiento más eficaz mediante el aprovechamiento de desechos orgánicos generados en los mercados Bellavista y Abdón Calderón para la obtención de abonos orgánicos. Estos mercados generan un promedio considerable de tres toneladas diarias de desechos para ser reutilizados y transformados en abonos de origen orgánico. Por lo cual se realizó el levantamiento de información en el sitio de estudio, desde el pesaje, transporte y transformación respectiva. Se analizaron dos técnicas para el aprovechamiento de desechos, que son Bocashi y humus de lombriz. Además, se midieron parámetros físicos como pH y temperatura. Se desarrollaron las técnicas obteniendo como resultados que, al aprovechar los desechos orgánicos y transformarlos en abonos, el Bocashi es la mejor opción para el cantón La Troncal con base en los resultados obtenidos en los análisis para nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio.
Toponomastica nostalgica. Il caso Granbassi a Trieste
Authors: Venza Claudio
Published: June 2021

- The "Granbassi Case" exploded in Trieste after the decision of the Comunal council to re-name a public space in his honour. The honour of being a "fascist hero". Mario Granbassi (1907-1939) was a journalist of the «Piccolo», a local newspaper, but above all a propagandist of the fascist regime. He conducted a fortuitous radio transmission, in the early thirties, "Mastro Remo" aimed at children and young adults and founded a specialized weekly magazine. He died in Spain as a volenteer fighting on Franco's side and was awarded, not only the gold metal, but also the name of a street. A street that in 1946 resumed it's ancient name; that of Samuel Romanin, an historian wantingly canceled by the racial laws for being "non-arian". This past year has seen this continual controversy tighten between the council and the opponents who have written several letters and articles, organized press conferences and rallies in the contested site. The site consists of steps dedicated to Giuseppe Revere, a Trieste born jewish Mazzini follower.

Key words: Granbassi, Trieste, the racial laws, toponymic, Fascism, Spanish Civil War.

Parole chiave: Granbassi, Trieste, leggi razziali, toponomastica, fascismo, guerra civile spagnola.
L'etica e le domande dello storico: Bronislaw Baczko
Authors: Porret Michel
Published: June 2021

- What meaning has the Enlightenment in relationship to modernity and progress of the human spirit? This question is the main theme of the historiographic work of Bronislaw Baczko, whose thought is revisited by Michel Porret in the short introductory essay to the article of the polish intellectual. Porret captures the central essence of Baczko's work, in which he recognizes in the century of Voltaire the roots of modern political thought. Through his studies of intellectual, cultural and political history of the eighteenth century, the polish historian renewed the way of interpreting the heritage of the Enlightenment. In fact, he causes a break with the historiographic tradition by emphasizing that the symbolic, philosophical and legal apparatus that the French Revolution of 1789 inherited from the Enlightenment, is the premise to the invention of democracy. Porret highlights Bazcko's interpretation of this cultural and political project beginning with Rousseau's criticism of eighteenth century's thought and society. The Genevan philosopher provided cultural, linguistic and political tools to the Revolution, which, in turn, elaborated a new political language through the dialect between «exercise of power» and «collective imagination». According to Porret, from this «imagination» that intertwines politics and society and represents its power through symbolic spaces such as the Panthéon and other monuments, Bazcko conceived the idea of utopia as a «mental horizon» that gives meaning to the expectations of the community and which imposes on democracy its continuing institutional reform. The conclusions of Porret tend to emphasize that the polish historian is not disenchanted towards the moral responsibilities of those who make history. According to Bazcko, to examine «modern political myths», born with the Enlightenment, means to give meaning to «our democratic culture rooted in our egalitarian imagination» and to the ethical role of the historian.

Key words: the Enlightenment, Rousseau, revolution, progress, modernity, utopia, imagination, democracy.

Parole chiave: Illuminismo, Rousseau, rivoluzione, progresso, modernità, utopia, immaginario, democrazia.
Pianificazione territoriale e innovazione istituzionale: l'esperienza di una cittŕ del Mezzogiorno
Authors: Mirabelli Maria , Coco Antonella
Published: June 2021

Le autrici soffermano l'attenzione sul processo di costruzione del Piano Strategico Cosenza-Rende. La metodologia che conduce alla formazione di un piano strategico si basa su un processo decisionale inclusivo al quale partecipano tutti i soggetti protagonisti della crescita del territorio. L'intento delle autrici è stato quello di verificare la qualitŕ dei processi avviati e, in particolare, l'effettivitŕ dei processi di

attuati e utili ad identificare scenari praticabili e linee d'azione atti a sostenere lo sviluppo e la trasformazione del sistema urbano. Si è cercato di comprendere caratteristiche ed efficacia del processo di

avviato e, soprattutto, se le strategie e le azioni che ricorrono

si sono rapportate nelle intenzioni e nelle azioni concrete ai bisogni della cittŕ rappresentando un effettivo percorso di innovazione.
Gli immigrati tra innovazione organizzativa e cambiamenti culturali
Authors: Tognetti Bordogna Mara
Published: June 2021

La presenza di immigrati ha determinato trasformazioni sociali che hanno interessato in generale la struttura e l'organizzazione della societŕ. Il vero cambiamento è stato prodotto, nel sistema di welfare sanitario. Partendo dal presupposto che questi, nelle societŕ moderne, è uno dei principali sistemi esperti, nel nostro contributo andremo a cogliere, sia i gradi di apertura o chiusura reciproca degli attori, sia le strategie messe in atto nella relazione di cura. Partendo dall'analisi di studi di caso, nel paper, evidenzieremo, come la presenza d'immigrati, che accedono alle risorse sanitarie, è una questione che interroga le politiche sanitarie costituendo un'occasione per innovare i sistemi organizzativi che si occupano della cura. I soggetti migranti nel sistema dei servizi possono essere, in alcune realtŕ operative, occasione per l'apprendimento di nuove regole procedurali, nuovi stili relazionali, forme di collaborazione interorganizzative ma anche di sperimentazione di pratiche di innovazione organizzativa.
La riforma incompiuta dei servizi per l'impiego in un comprensorio siciliano
Authors: Arcidiacono Davide , Avola Maurizio , Briulotta Tiziana
Published: June 2021

L'articolo sintetizza i risultati di una ricerca-intervento volta a sfruttare le sinergie tra la riforma dei servizi per l'impiego e la nascita di un Osservatorio sul mercato del lavoro in un comprensorio siciliano per sperimentare un nuovo modello di interazione tra innovazioni istituzionali e governo locale del mercato del lavoro. I risultati ottenuti dimostrano la complessitŕ e l'ambivalenza della relazione tra innovazione normativa e mutamento sociale, soprattutto laddove il processo riformatore è lento e frammentato e si scontra con un complesso sistema di vincoli istituzionali, da quelli di contesto, a quelli organizzativi e ai modelli di azione e interazione tra attori individuali e collettivi. Inoltre, evidenziano le potenzialitŕ della regolazione concertata locale come stimolo al cambiamento e all'implementazione di buone prassi, ma anche la sua fragilitŕ: il mutamento degli equilibri del partenariato, infatti, possono comprometterne l'azione e condurre a esiti fallimentari.
Konsep Etika Guru Perspektif Abuya As-Sayyid Muhammad Alwi Al-Maliki di Era Millenial
Authors: Arif Muhamad
Published: June 2021

According to the Islamic perspective, a teacher is an educator who has a very noble task. As explained by Al-Ghozali, the teacher has a duty to educate and improve morals (adab) and to provide in-depth knowledge with the aim of increasing faith in Allah. Meanwhile, Ibn Abd al-Barr explained the figure of a teacher as someone who should adorn himself with Islamic manners. So, teachers should improve their ethics (adab). KH. Najih Maimoen Zubair also highlighted the importance of ethics for teachers. So that it has a book entitled the educational character of Abuya Sayyid Alwi Al-Maliki. KH. Najih discussed the educational character of Abuya Sayyid Alwi Al-Maliki in detail. Based on the above background, the researcher is interested in conducting specific research on how the concept of ethics of the perspective of the teacher of Abuya As-Sayyid Muhammad Alwi Al-Maliki and its relevance was presented by KH. Najib Maimoen Zubair in his book entitled Character Education of Abuya As-Sayyid Muhammad Alawi Al-Maliki. This study uses the literature study method, the primary data source is a book by KH. Najih Maimun Zubair, entitled Educational Character Abuya As-Sayyid Muhammad Alawi Al-Maliki and secondary data sources in this study using several supporting sources from various books and articles such as the book written by KH.M. Hasyim Asyari, entitled adabul alim wal muta'alim, the analysis used is content analysis. The conclusion in this study, explains that the ethics of the perspective teacher Abuya As-Sayyid Muhammad Alwi Al-Maliki is divided into two parts. First, the ethics that teachers must have in themselves, include: Getting closer to Allah, having a love for knowledge, having noble character traits, having a noble character and having a character like writing (making works). Second, it is the ethics of teachers to students and the surrounding community, as well as ethics that are embedded in a teacher, it is not enough to stop with him. implementing darmawan, implementing noble character, getting used to loving the faqir and the poor, and teachers are required to be able to implement the nature of love for experts in science. a concept and implementation of teacher ethics that is very relevant to the changing times and the domination of young teachers in the millennial era.