bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracked Self-Propelled Combine Harvester Typical Hydraulic Systems
Authors: Wang Hong
Published: September 2011

As an important part of combines, hydraulic system has become one of the main symbols of representative of the technology level. As acreage is extensive in China, climate, soil and other environmental factors are big difference, and inter-regional economic conditions are unbalanced, China's combine harvesters have more varieties and strong regional. From the present situation of combines in china, the hydraulic systems were introduced, their characteristics were analyzed,. a reference was provided for OEMs to use the hydraulic system Practically and the development trends of combine harvester were pointed out.
CAD/CAE Integration System of Mechanical Parts
Authors: Ji Ai Min , Zhu Kun , Huang Ji Cheng , Dong Yi Pei
Published: September 2011

The key technologies of CAD/CAM integration of mechanical parts which include parametric modeling technology, model transformation of CAD/CAE and finite element modeling were studied. Based on redevelopment of UG, the process of parametric modeling about typical part was achieved. The identification, selection, extraction, and removal of the details in the CAD model were analyzed. The extraction approach of the mid-surface in the dimensional reduction of the CAD model was executed. The CAD/CAE integration system of the design and finite element analysis for mechanical parts was established by the redevelopment of UG and ANSYS with Visual C++, UG/Open and APDL as tools. The parametric design and automatic finite element analysis for mechanical parts were implemented.
Research on Design Knowledge Reuse Technology of Configuration Design of Cabinet Electromechanical Products
Authors: Zeng Xiao Song , Tan Qiong
Published: September 2011

Custom-oriented product design is the trend of cabinet electromechanical product. At present, the enterprise mainly used configuration design in product design. There are many insufficiencies in the process of cabinet electromechanical product customization design. Such as prompt delivery, success rate once and for all, cost and level of standardization. For enhance the level of customization design by utilizing knowledge reuse, the structure characteristics and the design method of cabinet electromechanical product was analyzed. Some critical problems was discussed based on configuration design patterns, including product structural, configuration design Knowledge ontology and reasoning method of knowledge reuse etc. Finally, a switchgear design case was illustrated.
The Welding Robot Arm Optimization Based on APDL
Authors: Liao Xiao Ping , Li Liu Lin , Lin Yi Zhong , Ruan Ting
Published: September 2011

Ontology stiffness of welding robot has an important effect on its positioning accuracy. Based on the parameterized model of the arm built with the software of ANSYS, this paper optimized the robot arm mass of the welding robot in method of first-order using the ANSYS parametric design language (APDL). The lightest mass of the arm was obtained on the premise of the stiffness requirement of the welding robot. From the results, we could assume that the first-order method was a scientific and accurate optimization method, which provided the theoretical direction of optimization as for the welding robot structure.
Application of Hollow Microneedle for Transdermal Delivery of Bovine Serum Albumin-Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Conjugate
Authors: Petchsangsai Maleenart , Wonglertnirant Nanthida , Rojanarata Theerasak , Opanasopit Praneet , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait
Published: September 2011

The objective of the present study was to use hollow microneedles for enhancing the transdermal delivery of Bovine Serum Albumin (MW~66,000 Da)-Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (BSA-FITC) conjugate, a hydrophilic large molecular compound. BSA-FITC was successfully loaded into the lower epidermis as well as the superficial dermis of the skin of neonatal pig by a hollow microneedle. The higher the volume of BSA-FITC solution injected, the higher the amount and the faster the BSA-FITC release rate from skin. These release profiles of BSA-FITC solution were expressed by Fick’s law of diffusion. These results suggest the utilization of hollow microneedle to enhance transdermal delivery of protein and provide useful information for designing an effective hollow microneedle system.
Preparation of Porous Alumina Abrasives with Different Morphologies and their Chemical Mechanical Polishing Behavior
Authors: Wu Xin , Lei Hong , Chen Ru Ling
Published: September 2011

The traditional solid alumina abrasive has been widely used in commercial slurries. But it is easy to cause polishing scratches due to its dense solid structure. The morphology of the abrasives can also impact on the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) performances. To improve the CMP performances of the hard disk substrate, rods-like porous alumina and flower-like porous alumina abrasives were prepared and their chemical mechanical polishing behavior investigated. The results showed that the porous alumina abrasives with different morphologies exhibited lower topographical variations and surface roughness than solid alumina abrasives under the same testing conditions.
Fault Diagnosis of Water Pump Based on Probabilistic Neural Network
Authors: Li Tie Jun , Zhao Yan Chun , Li Xin , Zhu Cheng Shi , Ning Jian Rong
Published: September 2011

The basic principle of probabilistic neural network (PNN) is introduced, which is used in the fault diagnosis of water pump in this paper. The multiple and fractional frequencies in the fault vibration signal spectrum are taken as the feature vectors, and the samples of the fault are established. The probabilistic neural network is trained based on the symptom diagnosis. The result shows that probabilistic neural network can overcome the local optimization of back propagation neural network (BPNN) and meet the requirements for fast diagnosis and high precision diagnosis during fault diagnosis process, so probabilistic neural network can be used in the real time diagnosis, and the fault diagnosis based on probabilistic neural network is feasible.
Calculation of D-Section Classical V-Belt Power Rating in Different Reliability
Authors: Sun Chuan Qiong , Ren Ai Hua , Sun Guo Xing , Liu Yong De
Published: September 2011

The deficiencies of the Classical V-belt power rating calculation method in GB / T 11355 and GB / T 13575 is pointed. A new formula modifying the power rating with reliability factor is introduced. The data resulting from the step stress accelerated life testing of D-section Classical V-belt is transformed into equivalent limit stress data which is normal distribution, and then the limit stress of D-section Classical V-belt in different reliability and the corresponding reliability factor are determined, a calculating example by the new method is provided.
Statistical Analysis of Loader’s Drive Axle Housing Random Load Spectrum
Authors: Wen Bu Zheng , Li Jian Min , Pei Zhong Tao , Yu Sheng , Sun Cuan Yang , Xie Hai
Published: September 2011

Statistical analysis of load spectrum is an important part on structural fatigue life and reliability research, it is generally considered that axle’s load spectrum follows Weibull distribution. This paper tested ZL50 loader’s loading history of different working conditions , and obtained the corresponding load spectrum by rain-flow counting method, then analyzed three distributions’ (normal distribution, lognormal distribution, Weibull distribution) fitting degree of load spectrum and effect on the fatigue reliability. Results show that the highest fitting degree of distribution function should be used to fit load spectrum, which can reduce the error in structural fatigue reliability prediction.
The Automation for Kinematics Design of Planar Gear Trains
Authors: Sun Jin Feng , Yin Ye Hong , You Ying
Published: September 2011

Kinematics design is one difficulty point for complex planar gear trains. It will effectively promote innovating design and application of gear trains for computer to realize automatic kinematics design of the gear trains. Based on the demand of gear trains in mesh properly, the restriction of kinematics design of gear trains is analyzed, the relationship of the basic restriction with the structure of gear trains is presented. Thus, the information sets of the restriction equation for the kinematics design of gear trains will be gained. The kinematics design model of planar gear trains is constructed and solved by computer automatically.
The Leakage Mechanism Study of Hump Reverse Current Observed in n+/p Salicided Junction
Authors: Chen Jing , Liu Yong Shen , Zhu Yan Yan
Published: September 2011

We have observed a hump structure in reverse current-voltage curve of n+/p shallow diode for both area and perimeter structures fabricated with the CMOS technology using cobalt (Co) salicide. Through analyzing the ratio of abnormal to inherent leakage current dependency on the applied voltage and temperature, we confirm that the leakage path is originated from the touch of CoSi points to barrier edge of the n+/p diode. Moreover, for perimeter structures, this leakage path exists both in the areal and peripheral region with a movable border between them.
Effect of Current Density on Composition and Microstructure of Boronized Layer by Electrodeposition
Authors: Tang Guo Zhang , Li Yun Gang , He Ning , Zhang Yu Zhu , Yang Hai Li
Published: September 2011

Boronized layer was prepared on silicon steel substrate by pulse electrodeposition in KCl-NaCl-NaF-Na2B4O7 molten salts with different current density. The effect of current density on composition and microstructure of boronized layer was studied. The phase, the cross-sectional morphology and the compositional depth profile of the layer were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and glow discharge spectrometry (GDS). The presence of FeB on the surface of the boronizied steel was confirmed by XRD analysis. Cross sectional observation revealed that the boronized layer consisted of the outer layer FeB and the sublayer Fe2B. In addition, the low current density produced more proportion of Fe2B and bigger saw-tooth grains.
Investigation of the Tribological Characteristics of ZCuPb20Sn5 and No.45 Steel under Emulsion Lubrication
Authors: Luan Zhen Hui , Ding Ming , Wu Xiang Fei
Published: September 2011

As friction pair, ZCuPb20Sn5 and No.45 steel are most in use in gear motor under oil lubrication. In order to investigate the tribological characteristics of ZCuPb20Sn5 and No.45 steel under emulsion lubrication, the authers tested them on MMW-1 friction and wear tester with sample pin and thrust ring. The relationships between the friction coefficient and the load, the friction coefficient and the speed, the wear rate and the load, the wear rate and the speed were provided. The worn surface of ZCuPb20Sn5 were investigated by means of scanning electron microscope. The results showed that, alone with the raising of the load and the speed, the wear rate of ZCuPb20Sn5 increased, but the friction coefficient reduced.
Thermo-Mechanical Coupled Analysis of Deformation Behavior in Friction Stir Welding Process of Aluminum 7075 Plate with Conical Pin
Authors: Guo Zheng Hua , Zhao Gang Yao , Ke Li Ming , Xing Li , Li Hai Li
Published: September 2011

A 3D elastic-plastic and coupled thermo-mechanical FE model for friction stir welding(FSW) of aluminum 7075 plate with conical pin was developed based on the dynamic explicit code ABAQUS/explicit. Then temperature distribution and deformation behavior of 7075 aluminum alloy plate in FSW process were simulated and analyzed. The results show that the temperature is distributed in the plate with an approximate ellipse shape and decreases from the edge of the tool shoulder to the outer side of the plate. Furthermore, the maximum temperature zone decreases gradually from tool shoulder to the bottom of the plate. In the welding zone, the equivalent strain is also distributed with ring shapes, and it decreases from the edge of the tool shoulder to the outer side of the plate.
Electronic Tension Control of High-Speed and Active Sending Line Based on Fuzzy PID Control
Authors: Pan Jun , Wang Xiao Yun , Chen Wen Hua , Xu Shi Wei , Shen Hong Bin , Ren Kun , Zhang Miao Miao
Published: September 2011

In the case of small diameter( 10000 r/min)winding, high-speed initiative electronic tension control for sending line was designed to solve the problem that the winding motor speed changes at the start and down state and increasing the size of the coil wound level lead to tension fluctuation. The structure, working principle and the factors that affect the tension fluctuation were discussed in detail. The transfer function of this system was deduced, and the Fuzzy PID control algorithm was also introduced to the system. The model of the Fuzzy PID control algorithm and the conventional PID control algorithm were established using MATLAB/SIMULINK tool, The simulation results show that the fuzzy PID control is better than the conventional PID control in improving the dynamic response of the tension controller, furthermore, the control precision and in terms of robustness is showed.
The Research on Analysis and Simulation of Planting Movement for the Dibble-Type Transplanter
Authors: Chen Yong Cheng , Hu Shuang Ji , Zhang Fu Qing , Liu Lei , Qin Xin Yan
Published: September 2011

The parameters of planting movement for the Dibble-type Transplanter was researched by this papper.Based on the trajectory of the Dibble-type Transplanter,the equation of planting movement was established.According to the classical theory “characteristic parameter λ>1 planting is necessary for the normal working conditions”,it confirmed technical requirements and stucture parameters for transplanter and founded the intrinsic link between them,then computing simulation was conducted to test and vertify the conclusion which would be used to provide theoretical basis for stucture designing of planting apparatus.
A Kinematic Simulation Environment for a 4-DOF SCARA Robot
Authors: Shi Lei , Jiang Yi Chun , Jing Zhong Quan
Published: September 2011

Kinematic simulation for robot is on of the important research. In this paper, 3D model of SCARA robot is build in Pro/E. And then a method of transferring Scara models in Pro/E to MATLAB is carried out . In addition , Typical D-H method is applied to set up the kinematics model of SCARA robot in this paper . Forward and inverse kinematic is computed for satisfied the need of position and posture of the SCARA robot . The results of the kinematic simulation shows the validity and facilities of the programs .
Design of Knowledge Resource Allocation System for Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Zhan Hong Fei , Yang Jian Jun , Yu Fang He
Published: September 2011

Research on product lifecycle oriented knowledge manage of manufacturing enterprises is still a new topic. Aimed at the improvement on the decision ability of enterprises on knowledge and product innovation, a product lifecycle oriented knowledge resource allocation service framework was proposed, and the innovation management based on knowledge resource was views as a necessary business for product manufacturing. The complex network theory was adopted for the decision of knowledge resource allocation, and a knowledge module based resource allocation method was discussed in the paper which results in the decrease in complexity and uncertainty of knowledge management and decision. The architecture of system architecture and key technologies were addressed in the paper.
Efficiency Metallic Leading Edge Structure Bird Strike Resistant Design
Authors: Zhao Mei Ying , Li Jing Jing
Published: September 2011

This article investigated a new metallic leading edge bird strike resistant structure, using corrugate board as its enhanced component to absorb more bird kinetic energy. This structure was called as Corrugate Board Leading Edge (CBLE) structure. To verify the structure’s bird strike resistant ability, numerical simulation based on the LS-DYNA was carried out, and succeeding experiments were performed. However, the experimental results were not exciting. They were not as the simulation results we expected. The reasons were analyzed through this article. Finally a rivet-relative model was created considering the influence of riveting. This model was proved to be accurate by comparing with experimental results. Based on the analysis above, an Optimized CBLE (O-CBLE) structure was used to optimize the bird strike resistant ability, the energy absorption rate of O-CBLE structure increased 11.4% while the structural quality was only slightly increased.
On Formation and Estimation of Pores during Selective Laser Melting of Single-Phase Metal Powders
Authors: Liu Jin Hui , Xie Wen Juan , Xiao Sheng Bing , Zhao Wei Ling , Zhang Jia
Published: September 2011

Porous metals are applied in many more fields than other porous materials. Pores in porous metal parts manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) should not be regarded as defects but favorable characters because they are the main composition of porous metal parts. Therefore, fully densification is not the only target in forming metal parts via SLM. The formation mechanism of pores in SLM is studied mathematically in this article, and mathematical model is built to describe the formation mechanism. It is concluded that the shape of pores and the porosity of parts are the function of SLM processing parameters and the diameter of powder particles. Pores can be controlled and estimated by adjusting processing parameters and the nature of forming materials. Porous metal parts produced by SLM can be applied in many more fields owing that SLM technology is flexible to change the shape of these part and the nature of materials.
Research on Non-Circular Planetary Gear Pump
Authors: Luan Zhen Hui , Ding Ming
Published: September 2011

On the basis of research on the theory of non-circular gear transmission and the working principle of gear pump, this paper puts forward the construction principle of a non-circular planetary gear pump. The discussions focus on the construction, working principle, structure types and the pitch-curve of the non-circular gears. The study indicates that the non-circular planetary gear pump has big discharge, good flow characteristics and low noise, and it can be widely used in hydraulic system.
A Study on the Impact of Different Tumbler Inlet Conditions on the Clothes Dryer’s Tumbler Efficiency
Authors: Wu Yu Lieh , Chien Kuo Hsiang , Yang Kai Shing , Lo Chia Chung
Published: September 2011

Following the trend of energy saving and carbon reduction, many countries have been developing various energy-saving products to aggressively upgrade or replace electrical products with high energy consumption. Household clothes dryer has become an indispensable home appliance to family life. However, its energy efficiency is low. As tumbler inlet conditions and tumbler efficiency have great effects on clothes dryer performance, this study discuss the clothes drying effect and impact of different tumbler inlet conditions (including air temperature, humidity, and flow rate) on the tumbler efficiency and moisture removal rate (MER) values of the clothes tumbler dryer. The results can provide a reference for clothes dryer system design and performance.
The Development of a Three Dimensional Displacement Platform
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Shen Huai
Published: September 2011

This paper presents a novel precision three-dimensional platform based on vertical scanning that has practical application in surface topography measurement. The three-dimensional precision platform is composed of a two-dimensional platform with metrology system and a vertical scanning platform. When the work piece is measured, the closed loop control system controls the two-dimensional platform. Meanwhile, the Z direction servo motor and the piezoelectric actuator drive the vertical scanning platform to move vertically to realize the fine displacement. The diffraction grating displacement sensor detects the vertical relative displacement of the vertical scanning platform.
Impellent Tramcar Machine Hydraulic and Electrical Control System
Authors: Jia Yu Jing , Cheng Guang Zhen , Dai Ying Jun
Published: September 2011

This essay will introduce a impellent tramcar machine, used for mining enterprises’ vertical shaft hoisting transportation system, which is used to put tub into the cage, or pull it from the cage. The mechanical impellent tramcar machine are widely used at present, it rely on the direct-drive motor, there are two types of traction, one is towed by the sprocket and chain anther is towed by the reel and wire, whatever we use which type, both the traction drive components are exposed, the environment dust will lead to poor lubrication, running noise, shock and vibration significantly, poor stability. To overcome the mechanical impellent tramcar machine of these shortcomings, developed the hydraulic impellent tramcar machine, the hydraulic cylinder as the executing agency, the programmable logic controller to achieve electrical control, designed hydraulic systems and PLC control program, analyzed the impellent tramcar machine Structure and working principle, point out that the use of programmable logic controller, programming is easy, flexible, programmable logic controllers cater to the industrial production sites, with great anti-interference ability, hydraulic drive compact, smooth and high reliability.
Building Pore-Networks via Maximal Inscribed Spheres
Authors: Xie Jun Xi , Teng Qi Zhi , Liu Yu Chen
Published: September 2011

Pore-network is a useful tool in the study of porous media. It makes it possible to exam the structure of a porous media and to carry out simulations in a macroscopic way. For instance, with a pore-network, the calculation of permeability can be done by implementing Darcy’s law, a formula in a proportional form. In this paper, the inscribed sphere algorithm is introduced to extract the pore-network from micro-CT images. Also methods for determining shape factor and conductance are introduced. Several samples with different porosity are used for test. Absolute permeability is calculated based on two different ways of evaluating conductance, and the results are compared and analyzed.
Construction of Ore Slurry Pipeline of Bayan Obo
Authors: Tan Jun Qing
Published: September 2011

As the largest ore slurry pipeline system,and the third iron concentrate slurry pipeline interiorly, include the longest water pipeline with only one pump station in China, Bayan Obo slurry pipeline engineering of Baotou has been operated. It can transports 5.5 million tonnes of iron ore concentrate and 2000 million m3/h of water per year. In order to overcome freezing temperature and rugged terrain,many technical problems has been resolved in the period of construction.
Study of Electroless Plating Ni-B Composite Coating and its Properties
Authors: Yang Huan , Qiu Shi , Lu Yu Feng , Yin Xiao Li , Liu Zhen Xing
Published: September 2011

The properties of Ni-B composite coating and corrosion resistance on the surface of 45 steel were investigated in this paper. An optimal component of plating solution was determined by the measurements of the stability of different component of plating solution and coating hardness as well as corrosion rate under different heat treatment temperature. The experimental results indicated that, when the heat treatment temperature was 300°C, the coating hardness reached 257HV and the corrosion rate was less than 0.15g•m-1•h-1, therefore the coating possessed high corrosion resistance.
Surface Defect Inspection and Classification of Segment Magnet by Using Machine Vision Technique
Authors: Jiang Hong Hai , Yin Guo Fu
Published: September 2011

In this paper, we propose a machine vision based approach for detecting and classifying irregular low-contrast surface defects of segment magnet. The constituent material of it is ferrite which varies from silver gray to black in color .For this reason, the defects embedded in a low-contrast surface show no big different from its surrounding region, and even worse, all the surfaces and chamfers of segment magnet must be inspected. Our system is able to analyze all surfaces under inspection, to discover and classify its defects by means of image processing algorithms and support vector machine (SVM). A working prototype of the system has been built and tested to validate the proposed approach and to reproduce the difficult issues of the inspection system. The developed prototype includes three subsystems: an array of several CCD area cameras (Fig.1); a controllable roller LED light source(Fig.1); and a PC-based image processing system. The detection of the defects is performed by means of Canny edge detection, morphology and other feature extraction operations. The image processing and classification results demonstrate that the proposed method can identify surface defects effectively.
Study on Intermediate Frequency Spot Welding Process of Hot Stamping High Strength Steel
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Chao , Chen Shu Jun , Lu Zhen Yang
Published: September 2011

The joints of RSW for HSHSS were prepared with IF spot weld equipment. The weld nugget, fracture mode, microstructure and micro-hardness of the joints were investigated. The weld nugget increases and the fracture mode changes from interfacial fracture to nugget plug fracture with the increasing welding current. There are three distinct zones in the weld joint: weld nugget, heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal. The microstructure of HAZ includes tempered zone (HAZ-1), incomplete quenching zone (HAZ-2) and complete quenching zone (HAZ-3). The micro-hardness of weld nugget and HAZ-3 is same with the base metal. The micro-hardness of HAZ-1 and HAZ-2 is smaller than that of base metal.
Research on Applying User-Based Collaborative Filtering Algorithms to Building Products Selection
Authors: Sun Li Mei , Luan Fang Jun , Liu Tian Bo
Published: September 2011

Nowadays, there are lots of internet-based service platforms about construction products. The building products’ types are too many to select. This paper proposes an algorithm applying user-based collaborative filtering method to building products selection, which implements personalized recommendation with the help of group users’ experience. The algorithm provides decision support to relevant personnel and improves the efficiency and quality of building products selection.
Analysis of Speed and Belt Deviation of the Conveyor Belt
Authors: Chu Qiu Yi , Meng Guo Ying , Fan Xun
Published: September 2011

Deviated belt will cause great harm, which will not only reduce its service life, but also will lead to the machine damage and personal casualty. This paper analyzes the reasons for belt deviation and establishes the mechanical model of a conveyor belt. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are adopted in this article to analyze and research the speed when the belt is deviated, obtain the relation between the transversal movement speed of belt and front offset angle of a idler, idler rotation speed and belt speed, and provide the deviation correction and prevention of belt conveyor with theoretical guidance.
Mix Design and Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete Containing Blended Ash from Agro-Industrial Wastes
Authors: Mohd Ariffin Mohd Azreen , Hussin Mohd Warid , Rafique Bhutta Muhammad Aamer
Published: September 2011

Geopolymer concrete is a type of amorphous alumino-silicate cementitious material. Geopolymer can be polymerized by polycondensation reaction of geopolymeric precursor and alkali polysilicates. Compared to conventional cement concrete, the production of geopolymer concrete has a relative higher strength, excellent volume stability and better durability. This paper presents the mix design and compressive strength of geopolymer concrete manufactured from the blend of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and pulverized fuel ash (PFA) as full replacement of cement with a combination of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution used as alkaline liquid. The density and strength of the geopolymer concrete with various PFA: POFA ratios of 0:100, 30:70, 50:50 and 70:30 together with sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide solution by mass at 2.5 and 1.0, are investigated. The concentrations of alkaline solution used are 14 Molar and 8 Molar. Tests were carried out on 100x100x100 mm cube geopolymer concrete specimens. Specimens were cured at room temperature and heat curing at 60°C and 90°C for 24 hours, respectively. The effects of mass ratios of PFA: POFA, the alkaline solution to PFA: POFA, ratio and concentration of alkaline solution on fresh and hardened properties of concrete are examined. The results revealed that as PFA: POFA mass ratio increased the workability and compressive strength of geopolymer concrete are increased, the ratio and concentration of alkaline solution increased, the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete increases with regards to curing condition.
Design of down-Hole Oil-Water Separation and Reinjection in the same Well System with Surface Driving Single Screw Pump
Authors: Zhao Chuan Wei , Li Zeng Liang
Published: September 2011

Down-hole oil-water separation and reinjection in the same well system can reduce the cost of lifting the water and the ground pollution due to the treatment of production water, which can bring good economic and environmental benefits. By combining down-hole oil-water separation technology with surface driving single screw pump oil production technology, the author designed an innovative system of down-hole oil-water separation and reinjection in the same well. In this paper, the general structure, working principle and structure characteristics of the system are introduced. The structure composition and the connection method of each part are described, and the calculation method of basic parameters of the single screw pump in the system is given.
Pressure Vessel CAPP Management System Research Based on Network
Authors: Sun Ying Shi , Hao Wen Sheng , Ma Zi Qin , Zhang Xu , Qi Guang Wei , Lu Peng
Published: September 2011

The thesis researches relevant theory about process design of pressure vessel, analyzing and standardizing process documents of pressure vessel, and conducting research on general model and relevant technologies of pressure vessel CAPP management based on network. Utilizing JSP software and MS-SQL SERVER data base, we design a practical platform for pressure vessel CAPP management standardization based on network, realizing product information lay-in/log-in of pressure vessel, derive/design of fabricating process flow card, automatic generation of flow chart, derive/design of product quality plan, user authority management, module management and expansion etc. functions, giving out system sample.
Contrast Study on the Radial Velocity of the Flow Field of the Hydrocyclones with Different Inlet Structures
Authors: Ren Lian Cheng , Liang Zheng , Meng Jiang , Yang Lin , Tian Jia Lin
Published: September 2011

On the base of numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, the flow field of a conventional single-tangential-inlet Hydrocyclone and a newly put forward axial-symmetry double-tangential-inlet hydrocyclone were contrasted. The study shows that the inlet structure of the Hydrocylone has a great influence on the radial velocity of the flow field in the hydrocyclone and that the radial velocity in the hydrocyclone with single-tangential-inlet is not symmetry about the axis of the hydrocyclone; and on the other hand the radial velocity in the hydrocyclone with axial-symmetry double-tangential-inlet is symmetry about the axis of the hydrocyclone. The magnitude of the radial velocity of the flow in the hydrocyclone with single-tangential-inlet is greater than that in the hydrocyclone with axial-symmetry double-tangential-inlet hydrocyclone, which means the hydrocyclone with axial-symmetry double-tangential-inlet has greater capability than the rival one with single-tangential inlet. The symmetry about the axis of the hydrocyclone of the radial velocity means the radial velocities in the place where the radio is the same are constant, which means the hydrocyclone has a great separation efficiency. The conclusion is that changing the conventional hydrocyclone into the one with axial-symmetry double-tangential-inlet structure can offer greater separation capability and efficiency.
Quantitative Fit Assessment of a Precontoured Fracture Fixation Plate: Its Automation and an Investigation on the Borderline Cases
Authors: Harith Hazreen H. , Schmutz Beat , Schuetz Michael , Gu Yuan Tong , Yarlagadda Prasad
Published: September 2011

Virtual methods to assess the fitting of a fracture fixation plate were proposed recently, however with limitations such as simplified fit criteria or manual data processing. This study aims to automate a fit analysis procedure using clinical-based criteria, and then to analyse the results further for borderline fit cases. Three dimensional (3D) models of 45 bones and of a precontoured distal tibial plate were utilized to assess the fitting of the plate automatically. A Matlab program was developed to automatically measure the shortest distance between the bone and the plate at three regions of interest and a plate-bone angle. The measured values including the fit assessment results were recorded in a spreadsheet as part of the batch-process routine. An automated fit analysis procedure will enable the processing of larger bone datasets in a significantly shorter time, which will provide more representative data of the target population for plate shape design and validation. As a result, better fitting plates can be manufactured and made available to surgeons, thereby reducing the risk and cost associated with complications or corrective procedures. This in turn, is expected to translate into improving patients' quality of life.
Discussion on Safety Management Mechanism of the LNG Carrier
Authors: Jiao Zhan Li
Published: September 2011

In the view of safety management and in accordance with the safety management system of “human – machine – environment - control”, the hidden risks linked to the safety management of LNG ship are analyzed in different aspects such as ship factors, environment factors, human factors and management factors respectively. Then, based on the safety principle of “prevention first”, this paper puts forward the corresponding measures, hoping to fundamentally prevent or eliminate the occurrence of non-safety factors. Finally, in reference to the successful safety management modes of other companies and the special properties of LNG ships, an effective safety management system is proposed and considered in this paper.
Microstructure Evolution during Solution Heat Treatment of Semisolid Cast 2024 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Pannaray Siriwan , Wisutmethangoon Sirikul , Plookphol Thawatchai , Wannasin Jessada
Published: September 2011

The aim of this study is to determine the appropriate solution treatment temperature and time of semi solid 2024 Al alloy. Solution heat treatment at 450°C and 480 °C for various times, from 4 hours to 16 hrs, were applied followed by artificial aging at 220 °C for 1 hr. Microstructure of the semi solid cast 2024 aluminum alloy mainly showed globular grain structure which consisted of matrix-α (Al) and grain boundary (GB) - eutectic phases (α+Al2CuMg/Al2Cu). Eutectic GB phases was found to completely dissolved after solution heat treatment at 480°C for 14 hrs while sample solution treated at 450°C for the same time showed the existence of remaining GB phases. Prolonging heat treatment after 14 hrs at both temperatures resulted in the formation of coarse black particles at the grain boundaries which were identified as Mg2Si phases. Therefore the suitable solution treatment of the alloy in this study was at 480°C for 14 hrs.
Failure Characteristics of Scales Formed on Si-Containing Low Carbon Steels during Cooling - Influences of Cooling Rate and Water Vapor
Authors: Nakata Hiroyuki , Yamauchi Akira , Taniguchi Shigeji , Sohn Ii Ryoung , Choi Jin Won , Kurokawa Kazuya
Published: September 2011

Low carbon steels containing Si of 0.1 and 1.0 mass%, and 99.5 mass% pure Fe were oxidized in laboratory air and in a H2O-containing atmosphere at 1173 K. Acoustic emission technique was used to assess the temperature (TF) at which the first major scale failure takes place during cooling. TF of 1.0 %Si steel oxidized in the air was found to increase with an increase in the scale thickness and cooling rate, while TF of 0.1 %Si steel had almost no dependence on these parameters. Moreover, the values of TF of both the steels oxidized in the H2O-containing atmosphere are higher than those in the air. These differences are attributable to the cooling rate, scale structure, and eutectoid reaction. In general, higher cooling rate implies a higher strain rate and there may be a larger temperature gradient across the scale thickness, which additionally enhances the scale failure. The metallographic examinations revealed that eutectoid magnetite particles in the scales formed on 0.1 %Si steel coarsen as the cooling rate decreases and magnetite seam was formed at the bottom of the iron oxide layer. It is clear that the influence of magnetite precipitation increases as the cooling rate decreases and thus the stress in the scale increases.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties for Chromium Carbide Coatings at High Temperature
Authors: Oka Yoshinori Isomoto , Goto Koji
Published: September 2011

High-temperature erosion and erosion-corrosion are significant problems for energy conversion systems in power plants. The source is high-temperature dry steam that contains iron oxide and fly ash particles. Compared with high-temperature alloys, ceramic coatings generally have higher resistance to high temperature corrosion and erosion. However, it would be very difficult to obtain mechanical properties for ceramic coating materials in a high temperature environment. With no experimental testing, therefore, the performance of ceramic coatings in an actual plant environment is not typically evaluated before field application. The aim of this paper is to discuss dynamic hardness and fracture toughness as mechanical properties of ceramic coating materials at high temperature, compared with those at room temperature. We chose three types of chromium carbide coating materials that were coated with atmospheric plasma spray (APS), vacuum plasma spray (VPS), and high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) on SUS430 stainless steel.
Superheater Fireside Corrosion Mechanisms of SA192 and AISI 316L in WtE Environment: Lab-Scale and Industrial Results
Authors: Brossard Jean Michel , Chaucherie Xavier , Nicol François , Rapin Christophe , Vilasi Michel
Published: September 2011

Increase of the energy recovery efficiency facilities is one of the challenges fixed recently by UE to Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) operators. To achieve this target, one option consists in optimizing the water/steam cycle to increase electrical efficiency. Nevertheless, higher steam temperature into heat exchanger tube is expected to increase the risks of fireside corrosion, particularly on superheater tubes, along with important loss of materials, frequent shutdowns for repairs and high operational costs. In this study, fireside corrosion test had been performed using an innovative laboratory-scale corrosion pilot. Effect of increase in metal temperature from 400°C to 450°C on corrosion performances of SA192 carbon steel tube and AISI 316L stainless steel had been examined. Mechanisms and corrosion rates are discussed with regards to lifetime reported for both materials after 1 year in service in the same plant.
Detailed Studies on the High Temperature Corrosion Reactions between Potassium Chloride and Metallic Chromium
Authors: Lehmusto Juho , Yrjas Patrik , Skrifvars Bengt Johan , Hupa Mikko
Published: September 2011

Recovery of energy from biomass and various waste–derived fuels by combustion has become important due to reduction of detrimental CO2 emissions. Biomass does, however, release significant amounts of chlorine and alkali metals, as e.g. HCl(g), KCl(g), KOH(g) and NaCl(g), into the gas phase during combustion. The alkali chlorides may cause deposits on superheater tubes, which interfere with operation and can lead to corrosion and/or blockage of the gas path. To prevent and diminish the problems mentioned above, better and more detailed knowledge of the reactions between potassium chloride and the tube materials during combustion is needed. These materials commonly contain, among other metals, chromium, which is thought to protect the rest of the material since it forms a very dense but thin oxide layer on the surface of the tube material. It has been suggested that the reaction between solid or partly molten KCl and chromium oxide is the one responsible for starting the complex series of corrosion reactions. In this work, the overall reaction between potassium chloride and chromium was studied through partial reactions with compounds known to participate to the overall reaction or to be formed during it. The reactions were studied in synthetic air by heating sample mixtures in a DTA/TGA (Differential Thermal Analysis/ Thermogravimetric Analysis) apparatus. Selected samples were also studied and analyzed with a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray analyzer (SEM/EDXA). Under the used conditions both potassium chloride and potassium chromate reacted with pure chromium and chromium oxide. In the case of chromium, chromium oxide was formed via the formation of potassium chromate. In reactions including chromium oxide as reactant also potassium dichromate was detected.
Influence of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Parameters on the High-Temperature Erosion-Corrosion Resistance of Incoloy 800 Cladded by Stellite 12 for the Application as Thermowell
Authors: Promdirek P. , Chandra-ambhorn Somrerk , Prasong R. , Rittirat S. , Pornpaisansakul N.
Published: September 2011

Due to high wear resistance and chemical stability at high temperature, cobalt base alloys have presently been used as materials for hardfacing in several applications, for example, coating a head of thermowell, a protecting part for thermocouple, in petrochemical production. One of various techniques used for hardfacing is often weld cladding by using a gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) method. However, welding parameters should be exactly controlled in order to obtain desired materials due to their structure. The objective of this experiment is to study the influence of the GTAW parameters on the high-temperature erosion-corrosion resistance of Incoloy 800 thermowell cladded by the cobalt-base alloy filler, Stellite12 (Co-29.5Cr-8.5W-1.4C) at 900°C. The studied parameters were welding speed in the range of 0.1-0.9 mm s-1, welding current in the range of 60-75 A, and flow rate of pure Ar used as shield gas in the range 3-20 liter min-1. The results showed that when erosion rates had a tendency to increase with increasing current for all welding speed except 0.8 mm s-1. The erosion rate decreased with the increasing current for the welding speed of 0.8 mm s-1. Using flow rate of 5 liter min-1induced the lowest erosion rate. The optimum GTAW parameters giving the lowest erosion rate were the welding current of 75 A, flow rate of 5 litter min-1, and welding speed of 0.8 mm s-1. However, it was found that hardness results did not correspond to the erosion rate. It was found that high hardness led to heavy mass loss due to the fracture on the surface. From metallographic observation, the oxidation could be observed on the sample surface before the erosion testing. However, the spallation of oxide scale might be involved due to the high erosion rate. It was also observed that the solid solution phases influenced more significantly on the erosion - corrosion resistance than the carbide did.
High Temperature Corrosion Behavior of Si-Containing Alloys in the Gas Phase of Air-(Na2SO4+25.7mass%NaCl)
Authors: Sudiro Toto , Sano Tomonori , Yamauchi Akira , Kyo Shoji , Ishibashi Osamu , Nakamori Masaharu , Kurokawa Kazuya
Published: September 2011

The objective of this study is to develop an excellent corrosion resistant alloy for high temperature coating applications. The Si-containing alloys consisting of CoNiCrAlY and CrSi2 alloys with varying Si and Ni content respectively were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The corrosion behavior of these alloys was investigated in the gas phase of air-(Na2SO4+25.7mass%NaCl) at elevated temperatures of 923, 1073 and 1273K. The results showed that CoNiCrAlY alloy with 30mass% Si content and CrSi2 alloy with 10mass% Ni content were the most effective materials for application in the gas phase of air-(Na2SO4+25.7mass%NaCl) due to the formation of protective Al2O3/SiO2 and SiO2 scale, respectively. Therefore, it is realized that CoNiCrAlY-30mass% Si and CrSi2-10mass% Si coating are very effective for improving of high temperature corrosion resistance of STBA21 steel.
Ionic Transport under Chemical Potential Gradients - Kinetic Demixing and Decomposition in Metal Oxides and Scale Growth in High-Temperature Oxidation
Authors: Martin Manfred
Published: September 2011

In oxides which are exposed to thermodynamic potential gradients, transport processes of the mobile components occur. These transport processes and the coupling between different processes are not only of fundamental interest, but are also the origin of degradation processes, such as kinetic demixing, kinetic decomposition, and changes in the morphology of the material. The kinetics of high temperature oxidation processes of metals can be studiedin situby X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) at elevated temperatures and defined oxygen partial pressures. As an example, thein situXAS investigation of the oxidation of cobalt, forming layers of CoO and Co3O4, will be discussed.
Thermal Cycle Properties of Plasma Sprayed Oxidation-Resistant Metallic Coatings
Authors: Takahashi Satoru , Hatano Masaki , Kojima Yoshitaka , Harada Yoshio , Kawasaki Akira , Ono Fumio
Published: September 2011

Thermal cycle resistance of Ni-20Cr, Ni-50Cr and CoNiCrAlY coatings produced by air plasma spraying was investigated according to Japanese Industrial Standard Testing method for thermal cycle resistance of oxidation resistant metallic coatings (JIS H 8452: 2008). The specimens were exposed to a cyclic heating and cooling regimen comprised of up to 100 cycles of 10 hours heating to 1000 °C or 1093 °C in air followed by cooling. The thermal cycle resistance of oxidation-resistant metallic coatings was found to depend strongly on testing temperature and on the chemical composition of the coating materials. In thermal cycle testing at 1000 °C, no remarkable failure was observed in any specimen. However, in thermal cycle testing at 1093 °C, spalling was observed over the entire surface of the Ni-20Cr coating, although the Ni-50Cr and the CoNiCrAlY coatings exhibited excellent thermal cycle resistance even upon exposure to 100 thermal cycles. The CoNiCrAlY coating showed mass gain with increasing number of thermal cycles due to preferential oxidation between thermal spray particle splats. Furthermore, the failure behavior of specimens was investigated in detail by SEM, XRD, EPMA, etc.