bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silage from high protein value white corn (Zea mays L.) with and without ears associated with two annual legumes, lablab (Lablab purpureus L.) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.)
Authors: Zavala David , Valencia Elide , Randel Paul F. , Ramos-Santana Rafael
Published: May 2020

In this study we evaluated the dry matter yield (DMY) and botanical composition of high protein value (QPM) white maize (Zea mays L.) with and without ear removal and associated or not with the annual legumes lablab (Lablab purpureus L.) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), and determined the nutritional value and products of fermentation of silage of these associations. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Substation at Isabela, Puerto Rico, between January and April 2010 in an Oxisol soil. Lablab and sunn hemp were intercropped with white QPM corn in a randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replications. Ears with grain in the milky stage were removed from the plant at 90-d post seeding; the next day the crop was ensiled in three of the treatments [Monoculture (CWOE), associated with lablab (CLWOE) and with crotalaria (CCWOE)]. There were three analogous treatments of corn with ears present (CE, CLE and CCE). Among the latter, DMY increased with intercropping from 9,890 kg/ha (CE) to 11,256 kg/ha (CLE) and 14,786 kg/ha (CCE) whereas among the treatments without ears the increases were from 7,270 kg/ha (CWOE) to 8,667 kg/ha (CLWOE) and 10,641 kg/ha (CCWOE), thus indicating DMY losses of 2,620 kg/ha, 2,589 kg/ha and 4,145 kg/ha as a result of ear removal, for the three respective comparisons. A greater benefit to DMY occurred when sunn hemp was the intercrop (4,134 kg/ha) compared with that of lablab (1,382 kg/ha). Intercropping with sunn hemp was also more effective in reducing the proportion of weeds in the crop than with lablab (CE, 20.5%; CLE, 17.1%; CCE, 9.9%). Relative to monoculture silage, the intercropped legumes resulted in a slight reduction in dry matter (26.6 to 25.9%), but an increase is crude protein (CP) (10.0 to 11.9%) (P < 0.05). The neutral detergent fiber content of the silages was not affected, but acid detergent fiber increased from 32.9% in monoculture to 38.3% when intercropped with legume; this effect was more pronounced in the absence of ears. Corn-legume intercropping benefited weed control and increased DMY in the field and CP content of silage, without affecting the fermentation process, even when the corn ears were removed before ensiling.
RELEASE OF 'CAMUY': A WHITE -FLESHED SWEET POTATO
Authors: Ortiz Carlos E. , González-Vélez Agenol , Acevedo-Borrero Edwin , Lugo-Torres María de L. , Díaz-Rivera Manuel , Vélez-Colón Rubén
Published: May 2020

RELEASE OF 'CAMUY': A WHITE -FLESHED SWEET POTATO
ANALISIS PENERBITAN LAPORAN SURVEYOR PADA EKSPOR KONDENSAT MT. NEW ADVANCE DI HUSKY AREA MADURA STRAIT MARINE TERMINAL
Authors: Rohmah Nur , Prayogo Darul , Pratiwi Diyan
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAKPerusahaan Husky-CNOOC Madura Limited (HCML) adalah wakil dari Pemerintah RepublikIndonesia untuk menjalankan kegiatan eksplorasi dan eksploitasi minyak dan gas bumi termasukkondensat di Blok Madura Strait. Kondensat akan disalurkan kepada pembeli domestik danmancanegara. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kelancaran ekspor di HCML adalah kelengkapandokumen-dokumen Pemberitahuan Ekspor Barang (PEB) berupa laporan surveyor (LS). Apabila LStidak terbit maka kuota perusahaan tidak terpenuhi seperti yang telah direncanakan. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui alur, kendala, dan upaya yang dilakukan dalam penerbitan laporansurveyor pada ekspor kondensat MT. New Advance di Husky Area Madura Strait Marine Terminal.Penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menjelaskan data secara rinciberdasarkan fakta yang ada. Untuk metode pengumpulan data, penulis melakukan observasi,wawancara, dokumentasi, serta studi kepustakaan.Untuk menerbitkan laporan surveyor terdapat beberapa tahapan yang harus dilakukandisertai kelengkapan dokumen pendukung seperti Surat Persetujuan Ekspor (SPE). Padapelaksanaan ekspor kondensat MT. New Advance ditemukan kendala dalam penerbitan laporansurveyor dikarenakan SPE telah kadaluwarsa dan cuaca buruk di Madura Strait Marine Terminal.Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi hal tersebut dengan melakukan pertemuan dengan pihakpihak terkait seperti INSW (Indonesia National Single Window), Kemendag, SKK Migas, dan BeaCukai Pusat, pemeriksaan dokumen SPE secara berkala serta menjalin komunikasi yang baik antarpihak
ANALISA PENGURUSAN PROSES KLAIM ASURANSI KECELAKAAN KAPAL YANG MENABRAK BREAKWATER, STUDI KASUS BG. MARITIME LADY DI TELUK PENYU CILACAP
Authors: Winarno Winarno , Benhard Manurung Wim
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAK

Bisnis perkapalan merasakan pentingnya risiko tanggung jawab keuangan yang timbul

dari pengoperasian kapal, kewajiban pemilik / operator kapal harus bertanggung jawab atas

keselamatan penumpang dan muatan yang mereka bawa jika terjadi kecelakaan yang menyebabkan cedera

atau menyebabkan kerugian bagi penumpang, serta kehilangan / kerusakan pada barang yang diangkut dan kerugian

pihak ketiga, yaitu dengan mentransfer risiko kepada pihak lain di mana pihak lain sebagai pihak

penerima risiko dan mampu mengelola risiko adalah perusahaan asuransi. Pada kasus ini

pemilik dan operator kapal dapat menjamin risiko tanggung jawab yang muncul dengan P&I

Asuransi klub. Dalam hal ini peneliti menggunakan metode penulisan deskriptif kualitatif untuk

menggambarkan dan menggambarkan objek yang diteliti. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menggunakan

observasi, wawancara dan literatur.

Dari analisis masalah ia menambahkan kelompok peneliti dari datang ke

kesimpulan bahwa proses dan penyelesaian klaim asuransi telah selesai dan

Padahal sudah ada kendala yang dihadapi. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam proses dan

penyelesaian klaim adalah dokumen klaim yang lengkap, pemilihan perusahaan kontraktor, dan

kondisi dan cuaca sosial-ekonomi. Upaya yang dilakukan dalam mengurangi, penelitian adalah

kontraktor dokumen kepemilikan sesuai klasifikasi PT. Pertamina juga

sebagai pendekatan persuasif itu bekerja sama dengan kasus BMKG dan pengawasan dari PT. Pertamina

divisi kelautan dalam proses perbaikan
TERLEPASNYA JANGKAR KIRI PADA SAAT BERLABUH JANGKAR DI ANCHORAGE AREA PELABUHAN TANJUNG INTAN CILACAP
Authors: Priyangga Aji Nugroho  , Moh. Aziz Rohman  , Nur Rohmah
Published: May 2020

Jangkar kiri MV. DK 01 terlepas pada saat berlabuh jangkar di anchorage areaPelabuhan Tanjung Intan Cilacap sehingga perlu diketahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkanterlepasnya jangkar kiri pada saat berlabuh jangkar dan upaya yang perlu dilakukan setelahterlepasnya jangkar kiri pada saat open brake tersebut agar proses berlabuh jangkar dapatdilaksanakan dengan baik.

Metode yang digunakan adalah fishbone analysis untuk mencari faktor-faktorpermasalahan dan USG analysis untuk menghasilkan perioritas masalah. Faktor-faktorpenyebab yaitu kurangnya kesadaran crew kapal akan pentingnya proses berlabuh jangkar,pemilihan metode berlabuh jangkar yang kurang efektif, kurangnya perawatan danpengecekan windlass, kondisi lingkungan yang tidak mendukung.

Upaya yang perlu dilakukan adalah Second Officer langsung memplotting posisi jangkarkiri yang terjatuh untuk menghindari jangkar kiri tersebut hilang dan Nahkoda sebagaipemimpin kapal langsung mengambil kebijakan untuk menggunakan jangkar kanan denganmetode walk back ship anchoring method dimana jangkar kanan diturunkan dengan hati-hatimenggunakan rem untuk menghindari kejadian yang sama.
RISK ASSESSMENT TERHADAP PENGOPERASIAN AUXILIARY STEAM BOILER PADA KAPAL TANKER PERTAMINA MT. PELITA
Authors: Ardiansyah  , Dirhamsyah  , Yohan Wibisono
Published: May 2020

Auxiliary steam boiler adalah sebuah pesawat bantu dalam sistem permesinan kapalyang berfungsi sebagai pesawat penunjang untuk kerja dari mesin penggerak utama kapaldan operasi kapal secara berkesinambungan secara terus menerus dengan aman danselamat. Uap yang dihasilkan digunakan sebagai pemanas, baik pemanas bahan bakar,minyak lumas, minyak kotor dan keperluan akomodasi, pemanas muatan kapal dankegagalan auxiliary steam boiler dapat mengancam keselamatan operator (masinis/oilerkapal) maupun seluruh Anak Buah Kapal (ABK) diatas kapal. Teknik yang digunakan dalammengidentifikasi risiko adalah penilaian berdasarkan dokumen dan wawancara, jugapengidentifikasian risiko dan penilaian risiko pada auxiliary steam boiler denganmenggunakan metode Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP). Dari pengamatan yangdilakukan selama di atas kapal ditemukan adanya Jilatan api yang tidak konsisten sehinggamenyebabkan sistem penyalaan bermasalah, kurangnya pemahaman terhadap pengoperasianboiler, kurangnya kesadaran terhadap bahaya dari auxiliary steam boiler serta kurangnyapemahaman akan standar keselamatan kerja bagi awak kamar mesin. Dengan menggunakanteori HAZOP dapat diidentifikasi masalah-masalah dari penyebab kegagalan dalam sistempenyalaan pada ruang pembakaran yaitu kurangnya pemahaman terhadap pengoperasianboiler dengan terkait langkah-langkah prosedur pengoperasian auxiliary steam boilerberdasarkan intructional manual book, kurangnya pemahaman crew terhadap standarkeselamatan kerja auxiliary steam boiler dengan memberikan langkah-langkah standarkeselamatan kerja auxiliary steam boiler secara konstruksi para awak kapal dan awak kapalwajib mengetahui secara pasti hal-hal mengenai pengetahuan teknis praktis bejana tekan.
Membangun Teologi dalam Prespektif Wesleyan-Arminian
Authors: Ballu Marthen
Published: May 2020

In the XVIII century, theology development was oriented to the conclusions that fulfilled human ratio demand. All super natural things that could not be measured by ratio would be disposed. All super natural forms in the bible were considered as myths and ancient society believe that they were no more relevant for modern society. Regarding to theology formulas relaid on human being ratio, John Wesley had come up with a genuine approach in developing theology. John Wesley used resources to develop his Theology that can be grouped as two parts: Scripture as a prime source and Church tradition, experiences, mind as a secondary source. Resources that John Wesley used are resources which are still relevant today to develop Wesleyan-Arminian Theology.
Misi Gereja Menghadirkan Kerajaan Allah di Bumi
Authors: Priana I Made
Published: May 2020

This article tries to show that the mission of the church is to present or to embody the kingdom of God in this earth. The kingdom of God mission is not church oriented mission but the world oriented mission. The kingdom of God mission is God’s mission which is done by Jesus that the world will exist and run as it is designed by God, that is the world under God’s sovereignty. As God sent Jesus to present the kingdom of God in this earth, it does likewise Jesus sends the church to actualize the mission of Jesus (John 20:21). Church mission is actualization of Jesus’mission that is by words and deeds demonstrating the values of the kingdom of God that the world will be transformed as it is designed by God.
Mencari Model Tata Ibadah dalam Gereja Kristen Nazarene di Indonesia di Abad XXI
Authors: Jatmiko Bakhoh
Published: May 2020

Ibadah adalah salah satu bentuk aktualisasi diri manusia sebagai makluk spiritual. Di dalam diri manusia terdapat kesadaran spiritual yang membuat manusia memiliki kebutuhan untuk membangun hubungan dengan Sang Pencipta. Dalam Gereja, ibadah dilakukan dengan berbagai macam bentuk dan unsur di dalam pelaksanaannya. Banyaknya denominasi dan liturgi menimbulkan kebingungan sekaligus kerinduan untuk membuat rumusan maupun panduan yang dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam menyusun tata ibadah. Format dan konsep ibadah dalam Gereja Kristen Nazarene di Indonesia juga memerlukan rumusan dan penegasan berhubungan dengan pemahaman maupun bentuk ibadah yang harus digunakan di gereja-gereja lokal mengingat sejarah denominasi yang ini sudah ada di Indonesia hampir empat dekade dan sudah tersebar di berbagai tempat di Indonesia.
Mengenal Teori-Teori Belajar
Authors: Simanjuntak Ramses
Published: May 2020

Tanda orang belajar dapat terlihat dari terjadinya transformasi dalam diri seseorang. Transformasi adalah terjadinya perubahan tingkah laku. Perubahan tingkah laku menyentuh 3 ranah pendidikan dalam diri pembelajar, yakni ranah kognitif, ranah afektif, dan ranah psikmotorik atau yang lebih dikenal dengan ranah pengetahuan, ranah sikap, dan ranah keterampilan. Belajar pada hakikatnya adalah perubahan yang terjadi di dalam  diri seseorang pembelajar setelah berakhirnya melakukan aktifitas belajar. Sebab setelah seseorang mengakhiri aktivitas belajar biasanya ada pengetahuan dan wawasan yang diinformasikan kepada pembelajar, yang membuat pembelajar berpikir dan merenungkan hasil belajarnya, sehingga ia dapat mengambil sebuah keputusan dari hasil belajarnya tersebut.
Menyingkap Fakta dan Peristiwa Dibalik Tanda Nabi Yunus
Authors: Damarwanti Seri
Published: May 2020

Kitab-kitab dalam Perjanjian Lama merujuk pada penggenapan kedatangan dan karya Mesias dalam Perjanjian Baru. Demikian Kitab Yunus ditulis, pun merupakan rujukan dari penggenapan mengenai Mesias di dalam Injil. Dibalik perbantahan dalam mengidentifikasi Kitab Yunus sebagai kitab sejarah atau perumpamaan, fakta yang tidak terbantahkan berasal dari perkataan Yesus Kristus sendiri yang menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa “tanda Yunus” menjadi petunjuk satu-satunya mengenai kematian dan kebangkitannya; persamaan waktu, yaitu tiga hari dan tiga malam ; persamaan kondisi, yaitu bahwa baik Yunus maupun Yesus sama-sama mengalami kematian selama tiga hari tiga malam, turun ke dalam jurang maut dan dunia orang mati ;  dan pada hari yang ketiga “dibangkitkan” kembali dari alam maut, dimana Yunus dimuntahkan dari perut ikan dan Yesus bangkit kembali dari kematianNya dalam kubur ; persamaan misi, yaitu baik Yunus maupun Yesus sama-sama bertujuan untuk memberitakan kabar keselamatan bagi semua manusia.
Adversity Quotient bagi Anak-Anak Sejak Dini
Authors: Baigar Suwarni
Published: May 2020

Anak-anak adalah bagian penting dalam kehidupan, sebagai penerus generasi masa depan keluarga dan bangsa. Untuk menjadikan mereka generasi yang berkulitas, tentunya ada banyak faktor yang bisa dilakukan oleh para orang tua atau keluarga, lembaga pendidikan, lembaga sosial maupun lembaga agama atau kerohanian, dan lain sebagainya. Salah satu yang bisa dilakukan untuk mempersiapkan mereka menjadi generasi yang berkualitas di masa depan adalah dengan melatih salah satu bagian dari kecerdasan mereka, yaitu kecerdasan adversity, yang pertama kali digagas oleh Paul G. Stoltz. Dengan melatih, dan membimbing kecerdasan adversity anak, di masa depan anak-anak akan memiliki pondasi yang kuat dalam menghadapi kesulitan hidup, tantangan, dan bahkan tetap bisa berdiri serta berjuang maju ketika mereka nantinya mengalami kegagalan.
Mempertanyakan Gelar Abraham sebagai Bapa Orang Beriman Setelah Peristiwa di Mesir - Kejadian 12:10-20
Authors: Damarwanti Seri
Published: May 2020

Gelar Abraham sebagai “bapa orang beriman” yang tertulis dalam Alkitab mengandung berbagai makna berhubungan dengan hakikat dari konsep keselamatan. Gelar ini mengurai beberapa kisah dibaliknya dalam Kejadian 12:10-20 yang kontras dengan pemberian gelar tersebut. Diperlukan kajian mendalam secara komprehensif dari berbagai sudut pandang untuk mengetahui dasar dan tujuan mengapa pilihan Allah jatuh pada Abraham. Perspektif Paulus dalam Kitab Roma dan perspektif Yakobus dalam Surat Yakobus menjadi acuan yang dipilih untuk menggali fakta-fakta dibalik gelar tersebut. Pandangan penulis disajikan sebagai kesimpulan tulisan Paulus dan Yakobus, dan dipahami sebagai perspektif Allah yang berdaulat atas keselamatan umat manusia.
Integrated impacts of synoptic forcing and aerosol radiative effect on boundary layer and pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, China
Authors: Miao Yucong , Che Huizheng , Zhang Xiaoye , Liu Shuhua
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to
deterioration of air quality in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region due to
high loadings of PM2.5. Heavy aerosol pollution frequently occurs
in winter, in close relation to the planetary boundary layer (PBL)
meteorology. To unravel the physical processes that influence PBL
structure and aerosol pollution in BTH, this study combined long-term
observational data analyses, synoptic pattern classification, and
meteorology–chemistry coupled simulations. During the winter of 2017 and
2018, Beijing and Tangshan often experienced heavy PM2.5 pollution
simultaneously, accompanied by strong thermal inversion aloft. These
concurrences of pollution in different cities were primarily regulated by
the large-scale synoptic conditions. Using principal component analysis
with geopotential height fields at the 850 hPa level during winter, two
typical synoptic patterns associated with heavy pollution in BTH were
identified. One pattern is characterized by a southeast-to-north pressure
gradient across BTH, and the other is associated with high pressure
in eastern China. Both synoptic types feature warmer air temperature
at 1000 m a.g.l., which could suppress the development of the PBL. Under these
unfavorable synoptic conditions, aerosols can modulate PBL
structure through the radiative effect, which was examined using numerical
simulations. The aerosol radiative effect can significantly lower the
daytime boundary layer height through cooling the surface layer and heating
the upper part of the PBL, leading to the deterioration of air quality. This
PBL–aerosol feedback is sensitive to the aerosol vertical structure, which
is more effective when the synoptic pattern can distribute more
aerosols to the upper PBL.
Seasonal variations in the high time-resolved aerosol composition, sources, and chemical process of background submicron particles in North China Plain
Authors: Li Jiayun , Cao Liming , Gao Wenkang , He Lingyan , Yan Yingchao , Ji Dongsheng , Liu Zirui , Wang Yuesi
Published: May 2020

Abstract. For the first time in the North China Plain (NCP), we investigated the seasonal variations of submicron particles (NR-PM1) and its chemical composition at a background mountain station using Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-ToF-AMS). The averaged NR-PM1 were highest in autumn (15.1 μg m−3) and lowest in summer (12.4 μg m−3), with the abundance of more nitrate in spring (34 %), winter (31 %), and autumn (34 %), and elevated organics (40 %) and sulfate (38 %) proportion in summer. The submicron particles were almost neutralized by excess ammonium in all four seasons except summer, when the aerosol particles appeared to be slightly acidic. The size distribution of all PM1 species showed a consistent accumulation mode peaked at approximately 600–800 nm (dva), indicating the highly aged and internally mixed nature of the background aerosols, which further supported by the source appointment using multilinear engine (ME-2) and significant contributions of aged secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in organic aerosol (OA) were resolved in all seasons (> 77 %), especially in summer (95 %). The oxidation degree and evolution process of OAs in the four seasons were further investigated, and enhanced carbon oxidation state (−0.45–0.10), O / C (0.54–0.75) and OM / OC (1.86–2.13) ratios compared with urban studies were observed, with the highest oxidation degree of which appeared in summer, likely due to the relatively stronger photochemical processing which dominated the processes of both less oxidized OA (LO-OOA) and more oxidized OA (MO-OOA) formations. Aqueous-phase processing also contributed to the SOA formation but prevailed in autumn and winter and the role of which to MO-OOA and LO-OOA also varied in different seasons. In addition, compared with the urban atmosphere, LO-OOA formation in the background atmosphere exhibited more regional characteristics, as photochemical and aqueous-phase processing enhanced during the transport in summer and autumn, respectively. Furthermore, the backward trajectories analysis showed that higher submicron particles were associated with air mass for short distance transported from the southern regions in four seasons, while the long-range transport from Inner Mongolia (west and north regions) also contributed to the summer particle pollutions in the background areas of NCP. Our results illustrate the background particles in NCP are influenced significantly by aging processing and transport, and the more neutralized state of submicron particles with the abundance of nitrate compared with those in the background atmosphere in southern and western China, highlighting the regional reductions in emissions of nitrogen oxide and ammonia are critical for remedying the increased occurrence of nitrate-dominated haze event in the NCP.
Direct and semi-direct radiative forcing of biomass burning aerosols over the Southeast Atlantic (SEA) and its sensitivity to absorbing properties: a regional climate modeling study
Authors: Mallet Marc , Solmon Fabien , Nabat Pierre , Elguindi Nellie , Waquet Fabien , Bouniol Dominique , Sayer Andrew Mark , Meyer Kerry , Roehrig Romain , Michou Martine , Zuidema Paquita , Flamant Cyrille , Redemann Jens , Formenti Paola
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Simulations are performed for the period 2000–2015 by two different regional climate models, ALADIN–Climat and RegCM, to quantify the direct and semi-direct radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols (BBA) in the Southeast Atlantic (SEA) region. The approach of using two different independent RCMs reinforces the robustness of the results. Different simulations have been performed using strongly absorbing BBA in accordance with recent in situ observations over the SEA. For the July–August–September (JAS) season, the single scattering albedo (SSA) and total aerosol optical depth (AOD) simulated by the ALADIN–Climat and RegCM models are consistent with the MACv2 climatology and MERRA-2 and CAMS-RA reanalyses near the biomass burning emission sources. However, the above-cloud AOD is slightly underestimated compared to satellite (MODIS and POLDER) data during the transport over the SEA. The direct radiative effect exerted at the continental and oceanic surfaces by BBA is significant in both models and the radiative effects at the top of the atmosphere indicate a remarkable regional contrast over SEA (in all-sky conditions), with a cooling (warming) north (south) of 10° S, which is in agreement with the recent MACv2 climatology. In addition, the two models indicate that BBA are responsible for an important shortwave radiative heating of ~ 0.5–1 K per day over SEA during JAS with maxima between 2 and 4 km above mean sea-level. At these altitudes, BBA increase air temperature by ~ 0.2–0.5 K, with the highest values being co-located with low stratocumulus clouds. Vertical changes in air temperature limit the subsidence over SEA creating a cyclonic anomaly. The opposite effect is simulated over the continent due to the increase in lower troposphere stability. The BBA semi-direct effect on the lower troposphere circulation is found to be consistent between the two models. Changes in the cloud fraction are moderate in response to the presence of smoke and the models differ over the Gulf of Guinea. Finally, the results indicate an important sensitivity of the direct and semi-direct effects to the absorbing properties of BBA.
Precipitation response to Aerosol-Radiation and Aerosol-Cloud Interactions in Regional Climate Simulations over Europe
Authors: López-Romero José María , Montávez Juan Pedro , Jerez Sonia , Lorente-Plazas Raquel , Palacios-Peña Laura , Jiménez-Guerrero Pedro
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The effect of aerosols on regional climate simulations presents large uncertainties due to their complex and non-linear interactions with a wide variety of factors, including aerosol-radiation (ARI) and aerosol-cloud (ACI) interactions. These interactions are strongly conditioned by the meteorological situation and the type of aerosol. Despite increasing, there is nowadays a very limited number of studies covering this topic from a regional and climatic perspective. Hence, this contribution aims at quantifying the impacts on precipitation of the inclusion of ARI and ACI processes in regional climate simulations driven by ERA20C reanalysis. A series of regional climatic simulations (years 1991–2010) for the Euro-CORDEX domain have been conducted including ARI and ACI, establishing as reference a simulations where aerosols have not been included interactively (BASE). The results show that the effects of ARI and ACI on mean spatially averaged precipitation are limited. However, a spatial redistribution of precipitation occurs when introducing the ARI and ACI processes in the model; as well as some changes in the intensity precipitation regimes. The main differences with respect to the base-case simulations occur in central Europe, where a decrease in precipitation is associated with a depletion in the number of rainy days and low clouds. This reduction in precipitation presents a strong correlation with the ratio PM2.5/PM10, since the decrease is specially intense during those events with high values of that ratio (pointing to high levels of anthropogenic aerosols) over the aforementioned area. The precipitation decrease occurs for all ranges of precipitation rates. On the other hand, the model produces an increase in precipitation over the western Mediterranean basin associated with an increase of clouds and rainy days when ACI are implemented. Here the change is caused by the high presence of PM10 (low PM2.5/PM10 ratios, pointing to natural aerosols). In this case, the higher amount of precipitation affects only to those days with low rates of precipitation. Finally, there are some disperse areas were the inclusion of aerosols leads to an increase in precipitation, specially for moderate and high precipitation rates.
Characterization of anthropogenic organic aerosols by TOF-ACSM with the new capture vaporizer
Authors: Zheng Yan , Cheng Xi , Liao Keren , Li Yaowei , Li Yong Jie , Huang Ru-Jin , Hu Weiwei , Liu Ying , Zhu Tong , Chen Shiyi , Zeng Limin , Worsnop Douglas R. , Chen Qi
Published: May 2020

Abstract. A new capture vaporizer (CV) has been developed and used
recently in the Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and aerosol
chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) instead of the standard vaporizer (SV)
to reduce the particle bounce. It is important to characterize the CV
performance in different environments. In this study, we characterized
specific organic aerosols (OAs) from vehicle, cooking, biomass burning, and
coal burning emissions by a time-of-flight ACSM (TOF-ACSM) with the CV.
Their corresponding marker ions that have been defined in the previous
SV-based analysis are still valid in the CV mass spectra. Spectra of OAs from
cooking and vehicle exhaust show similarities in distinct alkyl fragments
but different ratios of m∕z 55 and 57. Ions related to polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons are present in the OA spectra obtained from burning lignite and
bituminous coal but not in the spectra obtained from burning anthracite.
Although the relative intensities of m∕z 60 and 73 are much lower in the CV
spectra than in the SV spectra for biomass burning OA, they are still
relatively greater compared with the spectra for other sources. Our data
suggest an atmospheric background of f60 of below 0.03 % for CV.
Moreover, we deployed the CV TOF-ACSM along with a SV AMS in urban Beijing
during the winter of 2017 to characterize ambient OA with strong
anthropogenic influences. The CV TOF-ACSM shows a collection efficiency (CE)
of about unity. The CV and SV data show consistent mass concentrations of
sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and OA. Six OA factors are identified by the
positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis for both the CV and the SV
data. The SV and CV PMF factors show good correlations in mass
concentrations. The SV and CV factors related to coal combustion and cooking
differ significantly in loadings, explained by the PMF uncertainty and the
lack of understanding of the relative ionization efficiency and CE for
primary OA. The CV factors related to secondary sources show greater
loadings than the SV factors, which may be associated with the changes in signal-to-noise ratios of various ions in the PMF analysis. Our results
support improved mass quantification and useful source identification by the
CV for ambient particles in the polluted urban environment. The difference
in factor loadings between SV and CV should be considered when interpreting
or comparing the PMF results among studies.
Quasi-tropical cyclone caused anomalous autumn coccolithophore bloom in the Black Sea
Authors: Stanichny Sergey V. , Kubryakova Elena A. , Kubryakov Arseny A.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Short-period action of the quasi-tropical cyclone in September 2005 caused strong autumn coccolithophores bloom in the Black Sea lasted for more than 1.5 months. The cyclone induced intense upwelling of deep waters with temperature on 10–13 °C lower than surrounding waters and acceleration of the Rim Current up to extreme values of 0.75 m s−1. The Rim current transported nutrient-rich waters from the north-western shelf to the zone of the cyclone action. Mixing of the shelf and upwelled waters triggers the initial growth of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) indicating the beginning of the coccolithophore bloom. After two weeks, the bloom shifted directly to the zone of maximum upwelling in the western cyclonic gyre, where Rrs reached values of 0.018 sr−1, corresponding to estimates of 107 cells l−1. Advection by the Rim Current spread the bloom over the entire south part of the Black Sea on more than 1000 km from its initial source.
Life and death in the Chicxulub impact crater: A record of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
Authors: Smith Vann , Warny Sophie , Grice Kliti , Schaefer Bettina , Whalen Michael T. , Vellekoop Johan , Chenot Elise , Gulick Sean P. S. , Arenillas Ignacio , Arz Jose A. , Bauersachs Thorsten , Bralower Timothy , Demory François , Gattacceca Jerôme , Jones Heather , Lofi Johanna , Lowery Christopher M. , Morgan Joanna , Otaño Noelia B. Nuñez , O'Keefe Jennifer M. K. , O'Malley Katherine , Rodríguez-Tovar Francisco J. , Schwark Lorenz ,   the Expedition 364 Scientists
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Thermal stress on the biosphere during the extreme warmth of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was most severe at low latitudes, with sea surface temperatures at some localities exceeding the 35 °C at which marine organisms experience heat stress. Relatively few equivalent terrestrial sections have been identified, and the response of land plants to this extreme heat is still poorly understood. Here, we present a new PETM record from the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater that has been identified based on nannofossil biostratigraphy, an acme of the dinoflagellate genus Apectodinium, and a negative carbon isotope excursion. Geochemical and microfossil proxies show that the PETM is marked by elevated TEX86H-based sea surface temperatures (SSTs) averaging ~37.8 °C, an increase in terrestrial input, surface productivity, salinity stratification, and bottom water anoxia, with biomarkers for green and purple sulfur bacteria indicative of photic zone euxinia in the early part of the event. Pollen and plants spores in this core provide the first PETM floral assemblage described from México, Central America, and the northern Caribbean. The source area was a diverse coastal shrubby tropical forest, with a remarkably high abundance of fungal spores indicating humid conditions. Thus, while seafloor anoxia devastated the benthic marine biota, and dinoflagellate assemblages were heat-stressed, the terrestrial plant ecosystem thrived.
The Eocene-Oligocene transition: a review of marine and terrestrial proxy data, models and model-data comparisons
Authors: Hutchinson David K. , Coxall Helen K. , Lunt Daniel J. , Steinthorsdottir Margret , de Boer Agatha M. , Baatsen Michiel , von der Heydt Anna , Huber Matthew , Kennedy-Asser Alan T. , Kunzmann Lutz , Ladant Jean-Baptiste , Lear Caroline H. , Moraweck Karolin , Pearson Paul N. , Piga Emanuela , Pound Matthew J. , Salzmann Ulrich , Scher Howie D. , Sijp Willem P. , Śliwińska Kasia K. , Wilson Paul A. , Zhang Zhongshi
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) from a largely ice-free greenhouse world to an icehouse climate with the first major glaciation of Antarctica was a phase of major climate and environmental change occurring ~34 million years ago (Ma) and lasting ~500 kyr. The change is marked by a global shift in deep sea δ18O representing a combination of deep-ocean cooling and global ice sheet growth. At the same time, multiple independent proxies for sea surface temperature indicate a surface ocean cooling, and major changes in global fauna and flora record a shift toward more cold-climate adapted species. The major explanations of this transition that have been suggested are a decline in atmospheric CO2, and changes to ocean gateways, while orbital forcing likely influenced the precise timing of the glaciation. This work reviews and synthesises proxy evidence of paleogeography, temperature, ice sheets, ocean circulation, and CO2 change from the marine and terrestrial realms. Furthermore, we quantitatively compare proxy records of change to an ensemble of model simulations of temperature change across the EOT. The model simulations compare three forcing mechanisms across the EOT: CO2 decrease, paleogeographic changes, and ice sheet growth. We find that CO2 forcing provides by far the best explanation of the combined proxy evidence, and based on our model ensemble, we estimate that a CO2 decrease of about 1.6× across the EOT (e.g. from 910 to 560  ppmv) achieves the best fit to the temperature change recorded in the proxies. This model-derived CO2 decrease is consistent with proxy estimates of CO2 decline at the EOT.
Distribution, microphysical properties, and tectonic control of deformation bands in the Miocene accretionary prism (Whakataki Formation) of the Hikurangi subduction zone
Authors: Elphick Kathryn E. , Sloss Craig R. , Regenauer-Lieb Klaus , Schrank Christoph E.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. We analyse deformation bands related to both horizontal contraction and horizontal extension in Miocene turbidites of the Whakataki Formation south of Castlepoint, Wairarapa, North Island, New Zealand. In the Whakataki Formation, four sets of cataclastic deformation bands are identified: (1) normal-sense Compactional Shear Bands (CSBs); (2) normal-sense Shear-Enhanced Compaction Bands (SECBs); (3) reverse-sense CSBs; and (4) reverse-sense SECBs. During extension, CSBs form most frequently with rare SECBs. Extensional CSBs are often, but not exclusively, associated with normal faults. During contraction, distributed SECBs are observed most commonly, sometimes clustering around small reverse faults and thrusts. Contractional CSBs are primarily found in the damage zones of reverse faults. The quantitative spacing analysis shows that most outcrops are characterised by mixed spatial distributions of deformation bands, interpreted as a consequence of overprint due to progressive deformation or distinct multiple generations of deformation bands from different deformation phases. Since many deformation bands are parallel to adjacent juvenile normal- and reverse-faults, bands are likely precursors to faults. With progressive deformation, the linkage of distributed deformation bands across sedimentary beds occurs to form through-going faults. During this process, bands associated with the wall-, tip-, and interaction damage zones overprint earlier distributions resulting in complex spatial patterns. Regularly spaced bands are pervasively distributed when far away from faults. Microstructural analysis shows that all deformation bands form by inelastic pore collapse and grain crushing with an absolute reduction in porosity relative to the host rock between 5 and 14 %. Hence, deformation bands likely act as fluid flow barriers. Faults and their associated damage zones exhibit a spacing of order ten metres on the scale of 10 km and are more commonly observed in areas characterised by higher mudstone to sandstone ratios. As a result, extensive clay smear is common in these faults, enhancing the sealing capacity of faults. Therefore, the formation of deformation bands and faults leads to progressive flow compartmentalisation from the scale of ten metres down to about ten centimetres, the typical spacing of distributed deformation bands.
Nitrogen availability determines the long-term impact of land-use change on soil carbon stocks in grasslands of southern Ghana
Authors: Nyameasem John Kormla , Reinsch Thorsten , Taube Friedhelm , Domozoro Charles Yaw Fosu , Marfo-Ahenkora Esther , Emadodin Iraj , Malisch Carsten Stefan
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Enhancing the capacity of agricultural soils to resist soil degradation and to mitigate climate change requires long-term assessments of land-use systems. Such long-term evaluations, particularly regarding low-input livestock systems, are limited. This study evaluated the impact of long-term land-use practices, condensed tannins (CT) and soil nutrient status on carbon cycling in arable and permanent systems of a tropical Savannah. Soil samples were taken (0–30 cm depth) from arable crop fields, grazed-seeded grassland, cut-use permanent crops and native grassland. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks ranged from 19.9 to 36.8 Mg SOC ha−1 (mean ± sd = 32.9 ± 0.2 Mg ha−1). SOC stocks were lower for grazed-seeded grassland relative to cut-use grass, legume trees and shrubs. Within sown systems, nitrogen availability seemed to be the most critical factor that determines the fate of the SOC stocks, with soil nitrogen (N) concentration and the SOC being highly correlated (r = 0.90; p
Brief Communication: Mesoscale and submesoscale dynamics of marginal ice zone from sequential SAR observations
Authors: Kozlov Igor E. , Plotnikov Evgeny V. , Manucharyan Georgy E.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. New possibility for horizontal current retrieval over marginal ice zone (MIZ) from sequential Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is demonstrated. Daily overlapping SAR acquisitions made within 70–85° of latitude at time intervals
Selected Topics on Reaction-Diffusion-Advection Models from Spatial Ecology
Authors: Lam King-Yeung , Liu Shuang , Lou Yuan
Published: May 2020

We discuss the effects of movement and spatial heterogeneity on population dynamics via reaction–diffusion-advection models, focusing on the persistence, competition, and evolution of organisms in spatially heterogeneous environments. Topics include Lokta-Volterra competition models, river models, evolution of biased movement, phytoplanktongrowth, and spatial spread of epidemic disease. Open problems and conjectures are presented.P arts of this survey are adopted from the materials in [89,108,109], and some very recent progress are also included.
Denis Diderot, Samuel Richardson and the Colour of Philosophy
Authors: Christie Juliette
Published: May 2020

Cet essai aborde le rejet d’un essai de Diderot — l’Éloge de Richardson, dit “trop coloré”. Le supposé excès émotif se révèle commentaire sur la philosophie même. Grâce à Richardson, Diderot présente une nouvelle forme de critique littéraire ainsi qu’un regard original sur la communication et le discours philosophique.
Factors associated with the survival of colorectal cancer in Mexico
Authors: Quezada-Gutiérrez Carlos , Álvarez-Bañuelos María Teresa , Morales-Romero Jaime , Sampieri Clara Luz , Guzmán-García Raúl Enrique , Montes-Villaseñor Evangelina
Published: May 2020

Background/Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a public health problem. In Mexico, there have been no recent studies conducted on survival in terms of this pathology or on the influence of prognostic factors. The study aims to determine the probability of survival in patients with CRC presence of low levels of schooling and a rural population, adjusted for clinical stage and type of treatment.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a cohort of 305 patients with CRC treated at State Cancer Center, located in Veracruz-Mexico; the follow-up period of 60 months (2012–2016). The survival probability was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the log-rank test with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Prognostic factors were determined using hazard ratio (HR) multivariate Cox regression analysis.Results: Overall survival was 40% at 60 months. Subjects in the age group ≥ 65 years had a low survival rate of 28% (P= 0.026) and an advanced clinical stage of 22% (P< 0.001). Of the patients with bone metastasis, none survived longer than 5 years (P= 0.008). With respect to the unfavorable prognostic factors identified in the multivariate analysis, a decreased level of schooling was associated with an HR of 7.6 (95% CI, 1.1–54.7), advanced clinical stage was associated with an HR of 2.1 (95% CI, 1.2–4.0), and the presence of metastasis had an HR of 1.8 (95% CI, 1.1–2.9).Conclusions: Poor prognostic factors include an advanced clinical stage, the presence of metastasis and a low level of schooling. These findings confirm the importance of screening for early diagnosis, diminishing the barriers to accessing treatment and prospectively monitoring the population.
Impacts of the 2013 Flood on Immigrant Children, Youth, and Families in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Drolet Julie , McDonald-Harker Caroline , Lalani Nasreen , Tran Julia
Published: May 2020

The 2013 flood resulted in devastating impacts for immigrant children, youth, and families in Alberta, Canada. This article presents the findings of the Alberta Resilient Communities (ARC) Project, a collaborative research initiative that aimed to better understand the social, economic, health, cultural, spiritual, and personal factors that contribute to resiliency among children and youth. The study findings indicate that immigrant children and youth resilience is tied to four main themes: 1) Constructive parental responses; 2) Effective school support; 3) Active involvement in/with community; and 4) Connections between disasters and the environment. Community influencer participants revealed flood recovery challenges experienced by immigrant families that affected their settlement and integration at the community level. Major themes include: (1) Loss of documentation; (2) Provision of temporary housing and accommodation; and (3) Rethinking diversity in disaster management. The study findings demonstrate that immigrants faced significant socio-economic impacts, trauma, job loss, and housing instability as a result of the flood and its aftermath. Challenges such as limited social ties within and beyond the immigrant community, limited official language fluency, and immigration status contributed to their vulnerability. Immigrant children and youth with positive support from their immigrant parents were found to be more resilient, integrated, and engaged in the community. Recommendations for disaster and emergency management agencies to address diversity factors such as immigration status, language, age, and culture that shape long-term disaster recovery experience are provided. Schools, immigrant parents, and community connections were found to play a key role in fostering immigrant child and youth resilience post-disaster.
Comercio exterior como campo de la cooperación internacional al desarrollo en Paraguay. Los proyectos implementados en el período 2003–2013
Authors: Cabral López María Antonella
Published: May 2020

El comercio exterior es una de las principales actividades realizadas por las economías y ha sido considerado uno de los campos de la cooperación internacional al desarrollo en las últimas décadas. Este material tiene como objetivo analizar los proyectos implementados en Paraguay en el período 2003-2013. Para ello se recurre a una investigación bibliográfico-documental y de campo, que amalgama revisión de distintas fuentes con entrevistas a informantes calificados. Entre los hallazgos más importantes, pudo constatarse la existencia de temáticas recurrentes como, por ejemplo, la institucionalidad; una mejora en la diversificación de productos como así también en los mercados de destino de las exportaciones paraguayas, aunque la competitividad del país sigue siendo baja.
Hegemonía china sobre islas Spratly: ficción o realidad
Authors: Monares Guajardo Diego Ignacio
Published: May 2020

Las islas Spratly, en el Mar del Sur de China, se encuentran en una zona estratégica adyacente a importantes vías marítimas y en un área posiblemente rica en recursos hidrocarburos. Seis Estados reclaman tener soberanía territorial sobre las configuraciones marítimas y, por lo tanto, derechos de soberanía y jurisdicción sobre las aguas circundantes. El actor principal en la región, China, reclama la totalidad de las configuraciones en el Mar del Sur de China. Bajo este contexto intentamos dilucidar si la pretendida hegemonía China es jurídicamente válida respecto de la soberanía sobre las islas Spratly. Para esto se presentan los antecedentes históricos, cuyos componentes económicos, históricos, jurídicos y políticos explican el estado actual de la controversia.
Giro a la izquierda del año 2003 como paradigma histórico en Argentina: personalismo político en perenne renovación
Authors: Moura Pereira Eduarda , Cimini Salles Fernanda
Published: May 2020

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo investigar si el más reciente giro a la izquierda en Argentina puede ser considerado una coyuntura crítica; entendida aquí como un período de cambio significativo, capaz de perpetuarse en el tiempo y en el espacio. En ese sentido, se fundamenta un análisis institucionalista-histórico, bajo el método de process-tracing, en que se propone delinear las condiciones permisivas, productivas y reproductivas de la elección de Néstor Kirchner en 2003. Así que se concluye que ese período de cambio argentino no se resume a factores puramente nacionales, pero sí se relaciona con una subjetividad personalista mucho más complexa que perdura hasta hoy.