bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of proximal optimization technique on coronary bifurcation stent failure: Insights from the multicenter randomized PROPOT trial
Authors: Murasato Yoshinobu , Watanabe Yusuke , Yamawaki Masahiro , Kinoshita Yoshihisa , Okubo Munenori , Yumoto Kazuhiko , Masuda Naoki , Otake Hiromasa , Aoki Jiro , Nakazawa Gaku , Numasawa Yohei , Ito Tatsuya , Shite Junya , Okamura Takayuki , Takagi Kensuke , Kozuma Kayoko , Lefèvre Thierry , Chevalier Bernard , Louvard Yves , Suzuki Nobuaki , Kozuma Ken ,   PROPOT investigators
Published: February 2022

Objective

We investigated the effect of proximal optimization technique (POT) on coronary bifurcation stent failure (BSF) in cross‐over stenting by comparing with the kissing balloon technique (KBT) in a multicenter randomized PROPOT trial.

Background

POT is recommended due to increased certainty for optimal stent expansion and side branch (SB) wiring.

Methods

We randomized 120 patients treated with crossover stenting into the POT group, which was followed by SB dilation (SBD), and the KBT group. Finally, 52 and 57 patients were analyzed by optical coherence tomography before SBD and at the final procedure, respectively. Composite BSF was defined as a maximal malapposition distance of >400 μm, or malapposed and SB‐jailed strut rates of >5.95% and >21.4%, respectively.

Results

Composite BSF before SBD in the POT and KBT groups was observed in 29% and 26% of patients, respectively. In the POT group, differences in stent volumetric index between the proximal and distal bifurcation (odds ratio [OR] 60.35, 95% confidential interval [CI] 0.13–0.93, p = 0.036) and between the proximal bifurcation and bifurcation core (OR: 3.68, 95% CI: 1.01–13.40, p = 0.048) were identified as independent risk factors. Composite BSF at final in 27% and 32%, and unplanned additional procedures in 38% and 25% were observed, respectively. Composite BSF before SBD was a risk factor for the former (OR: 6.33, 95% CI: 1.10–36.50, p = 0.039) and the latter (OR: 6.43, 95% CI: 1.25–33.10, p = 0.026) in the POT group.

Conclusion

POT did not result in a favorable trend in BSF. Insufficient expansion of the bifurcation core after POT was associated with BSF.
Cardiovascular outcomes in patients with left atrial enlargement undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Asami Masahiko , Dobner Stephan , Stortecky Stefan , Heg Dik , Praz Fabien , Lanz Jonas , Okuno Taishi , Tomii Daijiro , Reineke David , Windecker Stephan , Pilgrim Thomas
Published: February 2022

Background

Increased left ventricular afterload resulting from severe aortic stenosis (AS) leads to progressive cardiac remodeling. Left atrial enlargement (LAE) is an early manifestation in a series of maladaptive changes and may affect clinical outcomes after valvular replacement therapy. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of LAE on clinical outcomes in symptomatic patients with severe AS undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods

In a prospective single‐center TAVI registry, we analyzed LA dimensions measured by echocardiography before intervention. Patients with atrial fibrillation or concomitant mitral valve disease were excluded. LAE was defined as indexed LA volume >34 ml/m2. The primary endpoint was cardiovascular death (CVD) at 1 year.

Results

Among 1663 patients undergoing TAVI between August 2007 and December 2016, 768 (46.2%) were eligible for the present analysis and 486 patients had LAE. The prevalence of LAE was higher in males (68.3%) as compared to females (58.8%). Patients with LAE were older (82.3 ± 6.7 years vs. 80.0 ± 6.4 years) and had a higher STS‐PROM score (6.1 ± 4.7% vs. 4.7 ± 2.9%). After adjustment, patients with LAE had an increased risk of CVD at 1‐year compared to patients with normal LA dimensions (49 [10.4%] vs. 8 [2.9%]; HRadj, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.66–7.44)]. In multivariable analysis, LAE was independently associated with an increased risk of CVD at 1‐year (HRadj, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.66–7.44).

Conclusions

LAE secondary to AS was documented in a significant proportion of patients undergoing TAVI and was associated with a more than threefold increased risk of CVD at 1‐year.
Prospective multicenter study of the breakable babystent for treatment of aortic coarctation in newborns and infants
Authors: Stiller Brigitte , Zartner Peter , Dähnert Ingo , Haas Nikolaus A. , Schubert Stephan , Kanaan Majed , Berger Felix , Ewert Peter , Schmoor Claudia , Grohmann Jochen
Published: February 2022

To assess the efficacy and safety of a breakable BabyStent to treat complex aortic coarctation (CoA) in early childhood. Although recommended in several guidelines, there is no approved aortic stent for young infants, because of the dilemma between two mandatory requirements: expandable up to adult size on the one hand, and small enough to fit through a baby's femoral artery on the other. Prospective interventional, multi‐center clinical trial with the breakable Osypka BabyStent® (OBS). The OBS is a low‐profile, 15‐mm long cobalt‐chromium stent, pre‐mounted on a 6 mm balloon and inserted via a 4 Fr sheath. After implantation, its diameter is adjustable from 6 to 12 mm by balloon dilation. Further dilation opens predefined joints enabling unrestricted growth. Nineteen patients (9 male), median age 112 days (range: 7–539), median body weight 5.6 kg (range: 2.4–8.4) were deemed high risk and underwent stent implantation. Of those, 74% suffered from re‐CoA following surgery, 53% had additional cardiac and 21% noncardiac malformations. Our primary combined endpoint was fulfilled: All stents were implanted in the desired region, and a >50% intrastenotic diameter‐extension was achieved in 15 patients (78.9%, 80% confidence interval [62.2; 90.5], 95% confidence interval [54.4; 93.9]). Secondary endpoint confirmed that the OBS fits the baby's femoral vessel diameter. All children survived the procedure and 12‐month follow‐up. This stent enables percutaneous stenting of complex aortic coarctation to treat high‐risk newborns and infants.
Confirmed reinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 during a pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Sengpiel Verena , Carlsson Ylva , Liljeqvist Jan‐Åke , Elfvin Anders , Fyhr Ing‐Marie , Lundgren Anna , Nyström Kristina , Bemark Mats , Gisslen Magnus , Ringlander Johan
Published: February 2022

Pregnancy might impact immunity after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and/or vaccination. We describe the first case of reinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 during a pregnancy. While the mother lacked detectable antibodies 2 months after the first infection, both mother and baby had IgG antibodies at delivery. Infection did not cause any adverse pregnancy outcome.
Schwannoma of the lateral nasal wall: A case report
Authors: Barati Behrouz , Mohseni Malihe , Asadi Mahboobe , Mangeli Forogh
Published: February 2022

Nasal schwannomas account for about 4% of head and neck schwannomas. We report a rare case of lateral nasal wall schwannoma presenting as a nasal mass in a 70‐year‐old man.
Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethyl Furfural to 2,5‐Furan Dicarboxylic Acid Under Mild Aqueous Conditions Catalysed by MIL‐100(Fe) Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Chamberlain Thomas W. , Degirmenci Volkan , Walton Richard I.
Published: February 2022

We present the use of the redox active MIL‐100(Fe) metal‐organic framework (MOF) as a catalyst for the oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) into 2,5‐furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) in water. The MOF is synthesised in water alone under mild hydrothermal conditions and 1H NMR is used to analyse the products of HMF oxidation. The MOF in combination with the co‐catalyst TEMPO provides a total selectivity of desired products of 74 % with a maximum FDCA yield of 57 % seen after 24 hours at only 70 °C. The catalyst is recycled ten times with no loss in activity and no evidence of a reduction in the crystallinity of the MOF.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Slug‐Flow Tubular Crystallization for Preparation of Fine Ibuprofen Crystals
Authors: Yuan Mingpu , Wang Jingkang , Huang Xin , Wang Ting , Wang Na , Zhou Lina , Hao Hongxun
Published: February 2022

Ibuprofen fine crystals prepared by commonly used methods have some problems such as low‐crystallinity product and uneven distributed particle size. An ultrasonic‐assisted tubular crystallization system was developed. The effects of tubular crystallization temperature, supersaturation, residence time, surfactant, and flow pattern on the crystal size distribution and average particle size were studied. It was found that ultrasound promotes nucleation and reduces crystal aggregation. Ibuprofen crystals with an average particle size of 6.23 μm were formed owing to the high degree of continuous supersaturation and promoted micromixing. Finally, a possible mechanism of enhancement of micromixing under ultrasonic and slug flow on tubular crystallization was proposed.
A New Class of Task‐Specific Imidazolium Salts and Ionic Liquids and Their Corresponding Transition‐Metal Complexes for Immobilization on Electrochemically Active Surfaces
Authors: Seidl Vera , Romero Angel H. , Heinemann Frank W. , Scheurer Andreas , Vogel Carola S. , Unruh Tobias , Wasserscheid Peter , Meyer Karsten
Published: February 2022

Adding to the versatile class of ionic liquids, we report the detailed structure and property analysis of a new class of asymmetrically substituted imidazolium salts, offering interesting thermal characteristics, such as liquid crystalline behavior, polymorphism or glass transitions. A scalable general synthetic procedure for N‐polyaryl‐N’‐alkyl‐functionalized imidazolium salts with para‐substituted linker (L) moieties at the aryl chain, namely [LPhmImHR]+ (L=Br, CN, SMe, CO2Et, OH; m=2, 3; R=C12, PEGn; n=2, 3, 4), was developed. These imidazolium salts were studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD), NMR spectroscopy and thermochemical methods (DSC, TGA). Furthermore, these imidazolium salts were used as N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand precursors for mononuclear, first‐row transition metal complexes (MnII, FeII, CoII, NiII, ZnII, CuI, AgI, AuI) and for the dinuclear Ti‐supported Fe‐NHC complex [(OPy)2Ti(OPh2ImC12)2(FeI2)] (OPy=pyridin‐2‐ylmethanolate). The complexes were studied concerning their structural and magnetic behavior via multi‐nuclear NMR spectroscopy, SC‐XRD analyses, variable temperature and field‐dependent (VT‐VF) SQUID magnetization methods, X‐band EPR spectroscopy and, where appropriate, zero‐field 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Impact of chronic kidney disease on clinical outcomes in patients with Stage B progressive aortic regurgitation (mild to moderate and moderate grades)
Authors: Hwang Ji‐won , Kim Dong‐Gil , Kim Hakju , Kwak Jae‐Jin , Cho Sung Woo , Bae Da Mi , Shin Yoon Cheol , Doh Joon Hyung , Kwon Sung Uk , Namgung June , Lee Sung Yun
Published: February 2022

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant comorbidity in patients with heart failure and valvular heart disease. Renal impairment is not well evaluated in the patients with Stage B progressive aortic regurgitation (AR) (mild to moderate and moderate grades in this study), for estimating outcome.

Hypothesis

We sought to investigate the prognostic factor, especially CKD, in the patients with progressive AR.

Methods

We enrolled 262 patients with Stage B progressive AR and preserved left ventricular systolic function (ejection fraction ≥ 50%). Based on the presence of CKD, the patients were divided into CKD (n = 70) and non‐CKD (n = 192) groups, which CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, and aortic valve replacement.

Results

The median follow‐up duration was 41.5 (interquartile range: 16.2–71.7) months. Between groups, the CKD patients were older; they had a higher pulse pressure and higher incidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cerebrovascular accident, and atrial fibrillation. Compared to the non‐CKD group, the CKD group had lower eʹ velocity (4.36 ± 2.21 vs. 5.20 ± 2.30 cm/s, p = .009), higher right ventricular systolic pressure (38.02 ± 15.79 vs. 33.86 ± 11.77 mmHg, p = .047). The CKD group was associated with increased risk of MACEs (41.4% vs. 22.4%; unadjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–2.85, p = .017). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, the risk of MACEs was significantly different between groups (adjusted HR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.11–2.62, p = .015); furthermore, the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (10.0% vs. 2.6%; adjusted HR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.16–4.55, p = .017) was significantly higher in the CKD group than in the non‐CKD group.

Conclusions

In patients with Stage B progressive AR, CKD is an independent prognostic factor for clinical outcomes (composite clinical outcome, hospitalization for heart failure).
Utilization and in‐hospital complications of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with obesity and morbid obesity
Authors: Prasitlumkum Narut , Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai , Kaewput Wisit , Thongprayoon Charat , Bathini Tarun , Boonpheng Boonphiphop , Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Jongnarangsin Krit
Published: February 2022

Background

Real‐world data on atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation outcomes in obese populations have remained scarce, especially the relationship between obesity and in‐hospital AF ablation outcome.

Hypothesis

Obesity is associated with higher complication rates and higher admission trend for AF ablation.

Methods

We drew data from the US National Inpatient Sample to identify patients who underwent AF ablation between 2005 and 2018. Sociodemographic and patients' characteristics data were collected, and the trend, incidence of catheter ablation complications and mortality were analyzed, and further stratified by obesity classification.

Results

A total of 153 429 patients who were hospitalized for AF ablation were estimated. Among these, 11 876 obese patients (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11 422–12 330) and 10 635 morbid obese patients (95% CI: 10 200–11 069) were observed. There was a substantial uptrend admission, up to fivefold, for AF ablation in all obese patients from 2005 to 2018 (p < .001). Morbidly obese patients were statistically younger, while coexisting comorbidities were substantially higher than both obese and nonobese patients (p < .01) Both obesity and morbid obesity were significantly associated with an increased risk of total bleeding, and vascular complications (p < .05). Only morbid obesity was significantly associated with an increased risk of ablation‐related complications, total infection, and pulmonary complications (p < .01). No difference in‐hospital mortality was observed among obese, morbidly obese, and nonobese patients.

Conclusion

Our study observed an uptrend in the admission of obese patients undergoing AF ablation from 2005 through 2018. Obesity was associated with higher ablation‐related complications, particularly those who were morbidly obese.
Tar Spot: a New Fungus Amongus
Authors: Winsor Susan
Published: February 2022

Tar spot fungus is a new reason to stay on your corn‐scouting toes, especially if you’re in the central Corn Belt. It was first found in northern Illinois and Indiana in 2015 before spreading to 12 other states and one Canadian province. Corn yield losses range from 20 to 60 bu/ac, and tar spot can also trigger complications such as lodging. The article will tell you what to look for as well as provide prevention and management tips. Information herein comes from members of The Crop Protection Network, a collaboration of 35 U.S. and Canadian plant pathologists. Special thanks to Michigan State University, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Purdue University, and the Universities of Kentucky, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin–Madison. Earn 1 CEU in Integrated Pest Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://bit.ly/3H4KX1x. View all CEUs online at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Enabling Efficient Aerobic 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Oxidation to 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid in Water by Interfacial Engineering Reinforced Cu−Mn Oxides Hollow Nanofiber
Authors: Dong Xuexue , Wang Xuyu , Song Hua , Zhang Yue , Yuan Aihua , Guo Zengjing , Wang Qian , Yang Fu
Published: February 2022

Herein, a one‐dimensional hollow nanofiber catalyst composed of tightly packed multiphase metal oxides of Mn2O3 and Cu1.4Mn1.6O4 was constructed by electrospinning and tailored thermal treatment procedure. The characterization results comprehensively confirmed the special morphology and composition of various comparative catalysts. This strategy endowed the catalyst with abundant interfacial characteristics of components Mn2O3 and Cu1.4Mn1.6O4 nanocrystal. Impressively, the tuning thermal treatment resulted in tailored CuI sites and surface oxygen species of the catalyst, thus affording optimized oxygen vacancies for reinforced oxygen adsorption, while the concomitant enhanced lattice oxygen activity in the constructed composite catalyst ensured the higher catalytic oxidation ability. More importantly, the regulated proportion of oxygen vacancy and lattice oxygen in the composite catalyst was obtained in the best catalyst, beneficial to accelerate the reaction cycle. Compared to other counterparts obtained by different temperatures, the CMO‐500 sample exhibited superior selective aerobic 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA, 96 % yield) in alkali‐bearing aqueous solution using O2 at 120 °C, which resulted from the above‐mentioned composition optimization and interfacial engineering reinforced surface oxygen consumption and regeneration cycle. The reaction mechanism was further proposed to uncover the lattice oxygen and oxygen vacancy participating HMF conversion process.
Delicate Tuning of the Ni/Co Ratio in Bimetal Layered Double Hydroxides for Efficient N2 Electroreduction
Authors: Zou Zhi , Wu Lei , Yang Fangqi , Cao Chenliang , Meng Qiangguo , Luo Junhui , Zhou Weizhen , Tong Zhikun , Chen Jingwen , Chen Shixia , Zhou Shaodong , Wang Jun , Deng Shuguang
Published: February 2022

Electroreduction of N2 to NH3 at ambient conditions using renewable electricity is promising, but developing efficient electrocatalysts is still challenging due to the inertness of N≡N bonds. Layer double hydroxides (LDHs) composed of first‐row transition metals with empty d‐orbitals are theoretically promising for N2 electroreduction (NRR) but rarely reported. Herein, hollow NiCo‐LDH nanocages with different Ni/Co ratios were prepared, and their electronic structures and atomic arrangements were critical. The synergetic mechanisms of Ni and Co ions were revealed, and the optimized catalytic sites were proposed. Besides, in‐situ Raman spectroscopy and 15N2 isotopic labeling studies were applied to detect reaction intermediates and confirm the origin of NH3. As a result, high NH3 yield of 52.8 μg h−1 mgcat−1 and faradaic efficiency of 11.5 % were obtained at −0.7 V, which are top‐ranking among Co/Ni‐based NRR electrocatalysts. This work elucidates the structure–activity relationship between LDHs and NRR and is instructive for rational design of LDH‐based electrocatalysts.
Clinically relevant preclinical animal models for testing novel cranio‐maxillofacial bone 3D‐printed biomaterials
Authors: Hatt Luan P. , Thompson Keith , Helms Jill A. , Stoddart Martin J. , Armiento Angela R.
Published: February 2022

Bone tissue engineering is a rapidly developing field with potential for the regeneration of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bones, with 3D printing being a suitable fabrication tool for patient‐specific implants. The CMF region includes a variety of different bones with distinct functions. The clinical implementation of tissue engineering concepts is currently poor, likely due to multiple reasons including the complexity of the CMF anatomy and biology, and the limited relevance of the currently used preclinical models. The ‘recapitulation of a human disease’ is a core requisite of preclinical animal models, but this aspect is often neglected, with a vast majority of studies failing to identify the specific clinical indication they are targeting and/or the rationale for choosing one animal model over another. Currently, there are no suitable guidelines that propose the most appropriate animal model to address a specific CMF pathology and no standards are established to test the efficacy of biomaterials or tissue engineered constructs in the CMF field. This review reports the current clinical scenario of CMF reconstruction, then discusses the numerous limitations of currently used preclinical animal models employed for validating 3D‐printed tissue engineered constructs and the need to reduce animal work that does not address a specific clinical question. We will highlight critical research aspects to consider, to pave a clinically driven path for the development of new tissue engineered materials for CMF reconstruction.
Extramedullary early T‐cell lymphoblastic crisis in a young pregnant chronic myeloid leukemia patient: Diagnosis with fine‐needle aspiration cytology and flow cytometry
Authors: Murugan Roobashri , Gochhait Debasis , Manivannan Prabhu , Basu Debdatta
Published: February 2022

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) most commonly presents in chronic phase. Blast crisis in CML is usually of myeloid phenotype, whereas among lymphoid lineage, B‐cell lymphoblastic crisis is common. T lymphoblastic crisis is rare with near early T‐cell precursor (ETP) immunophenotype being exceedingly rare and very little is known about its characteristics, treatment, and prognosis. Blast crisis can occur in extramedullary sites with lymph node being the most common site. CML is also less investigated and studied in pregnancy as it is considered a disease of older adults. We report a rare case of CML presenting in extramedullary site (lymph node) as extramedullary T‐cell lymphoblastic crisis of near ETP immunophenotype in a young pregnant female, which was diagnosed on fine‐needle aspiration cytology in combination with flow cytometry.
Phylogenetic signal of sub‐arctic beetle communities
Authors: Majoros Samantha E. , Adamowicz Sarah J.
Published: February 2022

Postglacial dispersal and colonization processes have shaped community patterns in sub‐Arctic regions such as Churchill, Manitoba, and Canada. This study investigates evolutionary community structure within the beetle (Coleoptera) families of Churchill and tests whether biological traits have played a role in governing colonization patterns from refugial and southerly geographic regions. This study quantifies sub‐Arctic beetle phylogenetic community structure for each family using the net relatedness index (NRI) and nearest taxon index (NTI), calculated using publicly available data from the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD); compares patterns across families with different traits (habitat, diet) using standard statistical analysis (ANOVA) as well as phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) using a family‐level beetle phylogeny obtained from the literature; and compares community structure in Churchill with a region in southern Canada (Guelph, Ontario). These analyses were also repeated at a genus level. The dominant pattern detected in our study was that aquatic families were much better represented in Churchill compared to terrestrial families, when compared against richness sampled from across Canada and Alaska. Individually, most families showed significant phylogenetic clustering in Churchill, likely due to the strong environmental filtering present in Arctic environments. There was no significant difference in phylogenetic structure between Churchill and Guelph but with a trend toward stronger clustering in the North. Fungivores were significantly more overdispersed than other feeding modes, predators were significantly more clustered, and aquatic families showed significantly stronger clustering compared to terrestrial. This study contributes to our understanding of the traits and processes structuring insect biodiversity and macroecological trends in the sub‐Arctic.
Candidate‐species delimitation in Desmognathus salamanders reveals gene flow across lineage boundaries, confounding phylogenetic estimation and clarifying hybrid zones
Authors: Pyron Robert Alexander , O’Connell Kyle A. , Lemmon Emily Moriarty , Lemmon Alan R. , Beamer David A.
Published: February 2022

Dusky Salamanders (genus Desmognathus) currently comprise only 22 described, extant species. However, recent mitochondrial and nuclear estimates indicate the presence of up to 49 candidate species based on ecogeographic sampling. Previous studies also suggest a complex history of hybridization between these lineages. Studies in other groups suggest that disregarding admixture may affect both phylogenetic inference and clustering‐based species delimitation. With a dataset comprising 233 Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) loci sequenced for 896 Desmognathus specimens from all 49 candidate species, we test three hypotheses regarding (i) species‐level diversity, (ii) hybridization and admixture, and (iii) misleading phylogenetic inference. Using phylogenetic and population‐clustering analyses considering gene flow, we find support for at least 47 candidate species in the phylogenomic dataset, some of which are newly characterized here while others represent combinations of previously named lineages that are collapsed in the current dataset. Within these, we observe significant phylogeographic structure, with up to 64 total geographic genetic lineages, many of which hybridize either narrowly at contact zones or extensively across ecological gradients. We find strong support for both recent admixture between terminal lineages and ancient hybridization across internal branches. This signal appears to distort concatenated phylogenetic inference, wherein more heavily admixed terminal specimens occupy apparently artifactual early‐diverging topological positions, occasionally to the extent of forming false clades of intermediate hybrids. Additional geographic and genetic sampling and more robust computational approaches will be needed to clarify taxonomy, and to reconstruct a network topology to display evolutionary relationships in a manner that is consistent with their complex history of reticulation.
Stability improvement of power system by cooperative virtual inertia control and reactive power control of PMSG wind generator and battery
Authors: Sato Takamasa , Alsharif Faramarz , Umemura Atsushi , Takahashi Rion , Tamura Junji
Published: February 2022

Renewable energy generation systems are promising energy sources; however, they have a problem that they do not have, in general, inertia and synchronous power. A system with low inertial and synchronization forces has low stabilizing capability, and such systems are vulnerable to network fault and can cause large frequency fluctuations. This paper focuses on a large storage battery and a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based variable‐speed wind power generator, and a new cooperative virtual inertia and reactive power control system between them which is based on Fuzzy Logic controller (FLC) and asymmetric hysteresis deadband is proposed and designed. Its effectiveness on the system stability enhancement during a grid fault is confirmed by simulation analyses on PSCAD/EMTDC.
Iron deficiency in heart failure patients: the French CARENFER prospective study
Authors: Cohen‐Solal Alain , Philip Jean‐Luc , Picard François , Delarche Nicolas , Taldir Guillaume , Gzara Heger , Korichi Anissa , Trochu Jean‐Noel , Cacoub Patrice ,   CARENFER Study Group
Published: February 2022

Aims

Iron deficiency (ID) is reported as one of the main co‐morbidities in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), which then influences quality of life and prognosis. The CARENFER study aimed to assess the prevalence of ID in a large panel of heart failure (HF) patients at different stages of the disease.

Methods and results

This prospective cross‐sectional nationwide study was conducted in 48 medical units in France in 2019. Serum ferritin concentration and transferrin saturation (TSAT) index were determined in all eligible patients with a diagnosis of HF. ID diagnosis was based on the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2016 guidelines. Patients were classified as having either a decompensated HF or a CHF. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was categorized as preserved (≥50%), mildly reduced (40–49%), or reduced (<40%). ID diagnosis was determined in 1661 patients, of whom 1475 could be classified as having a decompensated HF or a CHF. Patients' median age was 78 years. Decompensated HF represented 60.1% of cases. The overall prevalence of ID was 49.6% (47.1–52.1). In CHF and decompensated HF patients, respectively, ID prevalence was 39.0% (35.1–43.1) and 58.1% (54.7–61.4), P < 0.001; TSAT < 20% was respectively reported in 34.7% and 70.0% of patients (P < 0.001). Patients with preserved LVEF were more likely to have an ID (57.5%) compared with patients with mildly reduced (47.4%) or reduced LVEF (44.3%) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Iron deficiency was highly prevalent in patients with decompensated HF or CHF with preserved LVEF. ID prevalence defined by TSAT was higher than by the ESC criteria in decompensated HF patients, questioning the importance of ID definition to assess its prevalence.
Testing predictors of attitude strength as determinants of attitude stability and attitude–behaviour relationships: A multi‐behaviour study
Authors: Conner Mark , Wilding Sarah , Norman Paul
Published: February 2022

There has been relatively little study of multiple predictors of attitude strength. Eight predictors (attitude certainty; attitude importance; attitude subjective knowledge; moral basis of attitude; attitude elaboration; felt ambivalence; cognitive‐affective potential ambivalence; cognitive‐affective inconsistency) were tested for individual and combined impact on two defining features of attitude strength (attitude temporal stability; attitude–behaviour relationship), in a prospective study over one and two months across six COVID‐19 protection behaviours (N = 477). All eight predictors were individually associated with attitude stability in individual (except elaboration) and simultaneous (except elaboration and potential ambivalence) tests. All eight predictors (except elaboration and potential ambivalence) were significant moderators of attitude–behaviour relationships in individual tests; attitude importance and inconsistency were significant moderators of attitude–behaviour relationships in simultaneous tests (only former remained significant controlling for stability). The findings highlight attitude importance as the strongest predictor of attitude strength reflected in their impact on attitude stability and attitude–behaviour relationships.
FGFR2::TACC2 fusion as a novel KIT‐independent mechanism of targeted therapy failure in a multidrug‐resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Dermawan Josephine K. , Vanderbilt Chad M. , Chang Jason C. , Untch Brian R. , Singer Samuel , Chi Ping , Tap William D. , Antonescu Cristina R.
Published: February 2022

Genetic alterations in FGF/FGFR pathway are infrequent in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), with rare cases of quadruple wildtype GISTs harboring FGFR1 gene fusions and mutations. Additionally, FGF/FGFR overexpression was shown to promote drug resistance to kinase inhibitors in GISTs. However, FGFR gene fusions have not been directly implicated as a mechanism of drug resistance in GISTs. Herein, we report a patient presenting with a primary small bowel spindle cell GIST and concurrent peritoneal and liver metastases displaying an imatinib‐sensitive KIT exon 11 in‐frame deletion. After an initial 9‐month benefit to imatinib, the patient experienced intraabdominal peritoneal recurrence owing to secondary KIT exon 13 missense mutation and FGFR4 amplification. Despite several additional rounds of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), the patient's disease progressed after 2 years and presented with multiple peritoneal and liver metastases, including one pericolonic mass harboring secondary KIT exon 18 missense mutation, and a concurrent transverse colonic mass with a FGFR2::TACC2 fusion and AKT2 amplification. All tumors, including primary and recurrent masses, harbored an MGA c.7272 T > G (p.Y2424*) nonsense mutation and CDKN2A/CDKN2B/MTAP deletions. The transcolonic mass showed elevated mitotic count (18/10 HPF), as well as significant decrease in CD117 and DOG1 expression, in contrast to all the other resistant nodules that displayed diffuse and strong CD117 and DOG1 immunostaining. The FGFR2::TACC2 fusion resulted from a 742 kb intrachromosomal inversion at the chr10q26.3 locus, leading to a fusion between exons 1–17 of FGFR2 and exons 7–17 TACC2, which preserves the extracellular and protein tyrosine kinase domains of FGFR2. We present the first report of a multidrug‐resistant GIST patient who developed an FGFR2 gene fusion as a secondary genetic event to the selective pressure of various TKIs. This case also highlights the heterogeneous escape mechanisms to targeted therapy across various tumor nodules, spanning from both KIT‐dependent and KIT‐independent off‐target activation pathways.
INTRODUCTION, PART‐1—Geodynamic evolution of Eastern Himalayan and Indo–Myanmar orogenic belts: Advances through interdisciplinary studies
Authors: Singh Athokpam Krishnakanta , Chung Sun‐Lin , Somerville Ian D.
Published: February 2022

This Special issue covers research articles of interdisciplinary studies of geosciences to understand the magmatism and exhumation history of the crystalline core, pressure, temperature, time, and deformation (P–T–t–d) conditions of the geologically least explored eastern Himalaya and Indo–Myanmar Orogenic belts and adjoining regions. It has the potential to become a reference volume for researchers particularly working in the Eastern Himalaya, Shillong Plateau, Assam‐Arakan Basin, and Ophiolites of Northeast India, including the Andaman Ophiolites. Although there remains a lot still to cover the entire area of the proposed region, this volume will be useful to future researchers and will also have the potential to become a reference volume for researchers particularly working in the north‐eastern part of India and adjoining regions.
Geochemistry, geochronology, and Hf isotope of diorites in the Marzheng area: Implications for the Early Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt
Authors: Zhang Bin , Dong Yunpeng , Sun Shengsi , He Dengfeng , Hui Bo , Yue Yuangang , Ren Xiang , He Weidong
Published: February 2022

The East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (E‐KOB) of the northern Tibetan Plateau is an accretionary orogenic belt, which has experienced complicated tectonic evolutionary processes of the Proto‐ to Palaeo‐Tethys Ocean. The Muztagh‐Buqingshan‐Anemaqen ophiolitic mélange zone (MBAM) is an accretionary complex related to the northward subduction of the Tethyan Ocean. Numerous intrusions outcropped in MBAM have witnessed the long‐term subduction‐accretionary process and thus site the key to comprehending the tectonic evolution of the E‐KOB, as well as the Tethyan Ocean. In this study, petrological, geochronological, and geochemical studies of the Marzheng diorites in the MBAM were carried out to explore the Early Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the E‐KOB. Zircon U–Pb dating analysis suggests that the diorites were formed in the Early Ordovician at ca. 470 Ma. Furthermore, the εHf(t) values (5.3–14.1), Mg# values (39.7–51.2), and Nb/Ta (12.8–14.8), Zr/Hf (33.8–44.8), and Lu/Yb (0.15–0.16) ratios are generally close to those of depleted mantle‐derived rocks and the diorites were originated from a depleted asthenosphere mantle source. In addition, these diorites are characterized by enriched light rare earth elements (LREEs) (La and Nd) and depleted high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs) (Nb, Ta, P, and Ti), similar to the fingerprints of arc‐related gabbroic‐dioritic rocks. This is also consistent with their high H2Omelt (6.0–8.3%) and oxygen fugacity (logfO2 = −14.3 to −13.5) features, indicating that they were formed in a subduction‐related setting. Our new investigations suggest that the Proto‐Tethys Ocean in the East Kunlun was still actively subducting northward during the Early Ordovician.
Pyroclastic deposition in the Cretaceous Shahezi Formation (Well SK‐2) Songliao Basin, China: Implications for tectonics and volcanism
Authors: Fu Yu , Cheng Rihui , Gao Youfeng , Zhou Yang , Xu Zhongjie
Published: February 2022

Well SK‐2 is located in the Songliao Basin. Core samples from this well indicate that the Early Cretaceous Shahezi Formation has a length of 2,359.01 m and is in direct contact with the basin basement of the Middle Triassic, missing the Huoshiling Formation. This paper is focused on the lowest sequence 1 (S1, at the bottom of the Shahezi Formation, interval of 5,450.72–5,695.00 m, a length of 244.28 m) of the Cretaceous basin fills. It was found that the volcanic components contributed important parts in the sequence of basin fills, and the start of the rifting resulted from the combination of regional extensional tectonics and volcanism. Based on the centimetre‐scale description of the continuous core samples, we propose a model to delineate the interaction between tectonics, volcanism, and pyroclastic deposition. The study shows the tectonic‐volcanism in the earliest rifting stages and its control on sedimentary filling. These results also have common sense for the initial rifting process of a continental half‐graben basin. Sequence 1 of the Shahezi Formation in well SK‐2 shows a typical volcanic‐ sedimentary sequence. During the lowstand stage, the weathering‐depositional system was controlled by extension; during the transgressive and highstand stages, the transitional weathering‐depositional system and the mixed volcanic and weathering depositional system were controlled by transtension.
Characterizing multiscale modular structures in medication‐free obsessive–compulsive disorder patients with no comorbidity
Authors: Li Xue , Li Hailong , Jiang Xi , Li Jing , Cao Lingxiao , Liu Jing , Xing Haoyang , Huang Xiaoqi , Gong Qiyong
Published: February 2022

Brain networks exhibit signatures of modular structure, which maintains a fine trade‐off between wiring cost and efficiency of information transmission. Alterations in modular structure have been found in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, previous studies were focused on a single scale (i.e., modularity or intra/intermodular connectivity) for investigation. Here, we recruited 92 OCD patients and 90 healthy controls. A comprehensive analysis was performed on modular architecture alterations in the voxelwise functional connectome at the “global” (modularity), “meso” (modular segregation and within‐ and between‐module connections), and “local” (participation coefficients, PC) scales. We also examined the correlation between modular structure metrics and clinical symptoms. The findings revealed that (1) there was no significant group difference in global modularity; (2) both primary modules (visual network, sensorimotor network) and high‐order modules (dorsal attention network, frontoparietal network) exhibited lower modular segregation in OCD patients, which was mainly driven by increased numbers of between‐module connections; and (3) OCD patients showed higher PC in several connectors including the bilateral middle occipital gyri, left medial orbital frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus, and lower PC in the right lingual gyrus. Moreover, these alterations in modular structure were associated with clinical symptoms in patients. Our findings provide further insights into the involvement of different modules in functional network dysfunction in OCD from a connectomic perspective and suggest a synergetic mechanism of module interactions that may be related to the pathophysiology of OCD.
Predictors of hospital readmission within 30 days after surgery for thoracolumbar fractures: A mixed approach
Authors: Nunes Altacílio Aparecido , Pinheiro Rômulo Pedroza , Costa Herton Rodrigo Tavares , Defino Helton Luiz Aparecido
Published: February 2022

Background

Readmission followed by surgery to treat spinal fractures has a substantial impact on patient care costs and reflects a hospital's quality standards. This article analyzes the factors associated with hospital readmission followed by surgery to treat spinal fractures.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study with time‐series analysis. For prediction analysis, we used Cox proportional hazards and machine‐learning models, using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Inpatient Database from Florida (USA).

Results

The sample comprised 215,999 patients, 8.8% of whom were readmitted within 30 days. The factors associated with a risk of readmission were male sex (1.1 [95% confidence interval 1.06–1.13]) and >60 years of age (1.74 [95% CI: 1.69–1.8]). Surgeons with a higher annual patient volume presented a lower risk of readmission (0.61 [95% CI: 0.59–0.63]) and hospitals with an annual volume >393 presented a lower risk (0.92 [95% CI: 0.89–0.95]).

Conclusion

Surgical procedures and other selected predictors and machine‐learning models can be used to reduce 30‐day readmissions after spinal surgery. Identification of patients at higher risk for readmission and complications is the first step to reducing unplanned readmissions.
Initial biological development of a newly established side channel at the Lower Rhine
Authors: Marga Lisa , Chrobock Thomas , Markgraf‐Maué Klaus
Published: February 2022

Within the EU LIFE‐Nature project ‘River and floodplain revitalisation Emmericher Ward’, three small temporary waters and a former gravel pit were connected by a side channel running parallel to the river Rhine through former groyne fields. The initial status of macrozoobenthos, fish, avifauna, flora, vegetation, and habitats before and their development after implementation of the project's measures were recorded and compared. The monitoring years 2018 and 2019 were exceptionally dry and accompanied by an extremely low runoff in the Rhine and the side channel. These conditions likely affected the development of habitats and species populations in the new side channel. The new side channel showed intensive morphodynamic development and differentiation of its structures. While the more complex vegetation and habitat types appeared as mostly species‐poor initial stages, short‐lived species‐rich pioneer habitats such as annual mud banks in the water exchange area were already established. Two years after the implementation, the benthic invertebrate fauna was still predominantly species‐poor and dominated by neozoans. Occasionally, representatives of the more sensitive EPT fauna (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) were already detected but were, in general, strongly underrepresented in the main stream. Low colonisation potential, nonpermanent flow, and lack of river wood limit the development of the macrozoobenthos community. The relative abundance of rheophilic fish species increased in the project area and high juvenile fish densities proved the function as a nursery habitat. As pioneer species of riverine landscapes, sand martins and little ringed plovers colonised the new structures already in the first year. The initial state of the side channel represented a typical dynamic pioneer habitat pattern of a sandy lowland river, which was almost absent in the Lower Rhine area. The new habitats were quickly colonised by pioneer flora and fauna, but the potential for more demanding and complex communities was restricted by the poor structural and biological states of the Lower Rhine.
Identification and molecular epidemiology of routinely determined Streptococcus pneumoniae with negative Quellung reaction results
Authors: Jia Ju , Shi Wei , Dong Fang , Meng Qingying , Yuan Lin , Chen Changhui , Yao Kaihu
Published: February 2022

Background

Some streptococci strains identified as Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) by routine clinical methods exhibiting negative Quellung reaction results may belong to other species of viridans group streptococci or non‐typeable S. pneumoniae. The purpose of this study was to investigate the identification and molecular characteristics of S. pneumoniae with negative Quellung reaction results.

Methods

One hundred and five isolates identified as S. pneumoniae using routine microbiological methods with negative Quellung reaction results were included. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was used as a gold standard in species identification, and the capacity of matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) in identification was evaluated. Capsular genes and sequence types of S. pneumoniae isolates were determined by sequential multiplex PCR and multilocus sequence typing. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined via broth microdilution with a commercialized 96‐well plate.

Results

Among the isolates, 81 were identified as S. pneumoniae and 24 were S. pseudopneumoniae by MLSA. MALDI‐TOF MS misidentified six S. pneumoniae isolates as S. pseudopneumoniae and nine S. pseudopneumoniae isolates as S. pneumoniae or S. mitis/S. oralis. Thirty‐one sequence types (STs) were detected for these 81 S. pneumoniae isolates, and the dominant ST was ST‐bj12 (16, 19.8%). The non‐susceptibility rates of S. pseudopneumoniae were comparable to those of NESp strains.

Conclusions

Some S. pneumoniae isolates identified by routine methods were S. pseudopneumoniae. Most NESp strains have a different genetic background compared with capsulated S. pneumoniae strains. The resistance patterns of S. pseudopneumoniae against common antibiotics were comparable to those of NESp.
Do early responders and treatment non‐responders offer guidance to make CPT group a more effective treatment?
Authors: Williams M. Wright , King‐Casas Brooks , Chiu Pearl H. , Sciarrino Nicole , Estey Matthew , Hunt Christopher , McCurry Katherine , Graham David P.
Published: February 2022

Background

Treatment dropout has been problematic with evidence‐based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including cognitive processing therapy (CPT). This study sought to evaluate whether CPT group contributed to symptom improvement among treatment completers and non‐completers.

Methods

Sixty‐one Iraq and Afghanistan combat Veterans self‐selected CPT group or treatment as usual (TAU) forming a convenience sample. Defining treatment completion as attending at least nine sessions: 18 completed treatment, 20 dropped‐out (DOs); 20 completed TAU, 3 lost to TAU follow‐up.

Results

Multiple Regression revealed significant pre−post‐treatment improvement, the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS‐IV, F(5, 40.1) = 2.53, p = 0.0436). Reviewing DOs' last available PTSD Checklist‐Military Version scores before leaving treatment, six achieved clinically significant improvement of >10 points; seven a clinically reliable change of 5−10 points.

Conclusion

These findings highlight that CPT group may be effective at reducing trauma‐related symptoms among treatment completers and dropouts and point to the utility of a clinical definition of good treatment end‐state.