bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The power of islands and of discipleship: Francisco de Arruda Furtado (1854–1887) and the making of a disciple of Darwin
Authors: Felismino David , Tavares Conceição , Carneiro Ana
Published: September 2016

This paper focuses on the biography of the Portuguese naturalist Francisco de Arruda Furtado, born on São Miguel Island, in the Azorean archipelago, in 1854, who became part of an international network of naturalists. Despite his short life, he produced original research on malacology (the study of molluscs), and from his youth Furtado claimed to be a disciple of Darwin. Informed by recent literature reflecting on the resurgence of biography in the history of science, the narrative of Furtado’s life will take into consideration what it meant to be, and the implications of considering oneself, a disciple of Darwin in the nineteenth-century natural sciences. In the history of science, the concept of disciple has often been associated with research schools, but Darwin did not create one and never surrounded himself with young apprentices. In this paper we argue that in Furtado’s case, and in all probability in many others, in addition to being a scientific theory, evolution had the status of a doctrine. As such, Darwinian evolution had a strong ideological and political dimension. By propagating it among lay people it had the potential of changing attitudes individually and socially, while at the same time it provided the scientific foundations for social and political transformation. Consequently, in addition to scientific research based on Darwin’s theory, Furtado deeply engaged in proselytizing the natural sciences and Darwinian evolution, becoming representative of the importance of Darwin’s disciples in Furtado’s sense, in the reception and endorsement of evolution around the world, with repercussions beyond natural history.
Achievement of Weight Loss and Other Requirements of the Diabetes Prevention and Recognition Program
Authors: DiBenedetto Joanna Craver , Blum Natalie M. , O’Brian Catherine A. , Kolb Leslie E. , Lipman Ruth D.
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this report is (1) to describe the use of the American Association of Diabetes Educators’ (AADE’s) model of implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program through nationally certified diabetes self-management education (DSME) programs and (2) to report the aggregated program outcomes as defined by the Diabetes Prevention and Recognition Program standards of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Methods

In 2012, the AADE worked with the CDC to select 30 certified DSME programs for National Diabetes Prevention Program delivery. For the following 3 years, the AADE continued to work with 25 of the 30 original programs. Results for all CDC recognition standards have been collected from these 25 programs and analyzed as aggregated data over the course of 36 months.

Results

At the end of the full-year program, average percentage body weight loss for participants across all 25 programs exceeded the CDC’s minimum requirement of 5% weight loss. All programs on average met the CDC requirements for program attendance.

Conclusion

Increasing access to the National Diabetes Prevention Program, through an array of networks, including certified DSME programs, will better ensure that people are able to engage in an effective approach to reducing their risk of diabetes.
The Malleable Efficacy of Willpower Theories
Authors: Clarkson Joshua J. , Otto Ashley S. , Hirt Edward R. , Egan Patrick M.
Published: September 2016

Emerging research documents the self-control consequences of individuals’ theories regarding the limited nature of willpower, such that unlimited theorists consistently demonstrate greater self-control than limited theorists. The purpose of the present research was to build upon prior work on self-validation and perceptions of mental fatigue to demonstrate when self-control is actually impaired by endorsing an unlimited theory and—conversely—enhanced by endorsing a limited theory. Four experiments show that fluency reinforces the documented effects of individuals’ willpower theories on self-control, while disfluency reverses the documented effects of individuals’ willpower theories on self-control. Moreover, these effects are driven by differential perceptions of mental fatigue—perceptions altered by individuals’ level of confidence in their willpower theory—and are bound by conditions that promote effortful thought. Collectively, these findings point to the malleable efficacy of willpower theories and the importance of belief confidence in dictating this malleability and in modulating subsequent self-control behavior.
Marital Conflict, Ethnicity, and Legal Hybridity in Postconquest Quebec
Authors: Christie Nancy , Gauvreau Michael
Published: September 2016

This article explores the terrain of marital conflict in Quebec between 1763 and 1830, focusing on a variety of strategies employed by husbands and wives, ranging from elopement, criminal prosecution for marital violence, and separation. Based on an intensive analysis of the colonial newspapers and a large judicial archive of both criminal and civil proceedings, it seeks to discern patterns of ethnic inflection among men and women using these strategies, and seeks to postulate a growing legal hybridity, one that particularly affected the assumptions and practice of French customary law in the first six decades following the British conquest.
Using the Web as a Higher Order Thinking Partner
Authors: DeSchryver Michael
Published: September 2016

Previous work provided foundations for the theory of web-mediated knowledge synthesis, a framework for using the web in more creative and generative ways. This article explores specific instances of the various elements of that theory in a single case from the initial study. That is, a thorough exploration of think-aloud, screen capture, and interview data from a single study participant provides a rich description of how divergent key word search phrases, synthesis for meaning, in-the-moment insights, repurposing, reinforcement, and note-taking worked in concert to support creative syntheses of knowledge about ill-structured topics when learning on the web. Furthermore, 10 implications of this analysis for related curriculum and research design are provided.
Supplements for Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Yilmaz Zera , Piracha Fawad , Anderson Leeann , Mazzola Nissa
Published: September 2016

The primary approach to controlling diabetes involves diet and lifestyle modification combined with pharmacologic interventions. Patients who are interested in exploring dietary supplements in the management of diabetes may have questions about which supplement to choose and whether any issues will arise with their current medication regimen. After reading this review, the pharmacist should be able to identify supplements that may provide benefit to improve diabetes management, understand what potential harm to the patient may occur, and be able to assist the patient in choosing high-quality supplements. This review will focus on the safety and efficacy data surrounding nicotinamide, ginseng, fenugreek, vitamin D, chromium, and cinnamon. These supplements are commonly listed in general circulation periodicals with claims to improve blood sugar management. Efficacy data showed a modest decrease in fasting plasma glucose of −0.96 mmol/dL (−17.29 mg/dL) for fenugreek and −24.59 mg/dL for cinnamon. It remains to be seen whether supplementation with these products can affect outcomes such as morbidity and mortality. Despite many studies being available, the majority lack uniformity across multiple dimensions, including varying participant characteristics, inconsistent formulations of supplement and dose, and differing study durations. This, coupled with variation in quality and purity of commercially available products, prevents universal recommendation for use in diabetes management.
Special Focus
Authors: Papadourakis Giorgos M.
Published: September 2016

The Special Focus in this issue of Industry and Higher Education comprises three papers that address practical approaches to the critical challenge of preparing students adequately for employment and career development in the 21st century workplace. The papers, refereed, extended and revised for publication in the journal originate from presentations at the Ninth International Conference on New Horizons in Industry, Business and Education held on Skiathos Island, Greece, in August 2015. In this introductory article, the author provides a brief overview of the conference and summarizes the three papers that follow.
Does Feminism Convince Us
Authors: Weisman Clio Belle
Published: September 2016

A response to the critique of where social work research currently stands, as put forth by Garrow and Hasenfeld, and their position that social work research should be undertaken from a feminist perspective. It is important to remember the origins and foundation of feminist thought and to approach research and practice with a full understanding of what both empiricist epistemology and feminist standpoint epistemology actually means. Maintaining a balanced perspective and recognizing the value in varied approaches to scientific inquiry will keep the field of social work moving toward its ultimate goal of reducing the plight of marginalized and oppressed peoples. Social work research and practice has always claimed itself to be committed to furthering social justice and equality and to building a society with a minimum of human suffering. In order to remain focused on these goals, perhaps a shift in perspective is necessary.
A Multi-Level Theory of Psychological Contract Fulfillment in Teams
Authors: Laulié Lyonel , Tekleab Amanuel G.
Published: September 2016

A recent focus on social contexts in the psychological contracts literature has provided the bases for the study of psychological contract fulfillment (PCF) at higher levels of analysis. Continuing these efforts, we develop a model of two key constructs of PCF at the team level: shared team PCF and shared individual PCF. In this article, we provide definitions and theorize about the processes that govern the emergence of these constructs. In addition, we discuss enabling factors for the emergence of the constructs and conceptually differentiate them from other related team-level constructs. We also propose a nomological network of the relationships of shared team PCF and shared individual PCF with important team-level variables, considering at the same time the interplay between individual and collective phenomena. The model provides new insights about antecedents and outcomes of PCF constructs at the team level. Finally, we discuss theoretical and practical implications as well as directions for future research.
Antibiotic-Induced Rash in Patients With Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Thompson Dennis F. , Ramos Carroll L.
Published: September 2016

Objective: To provide an extensive review of case reports, epidemiological data, and the underlying mechanism of antibiotic-induced skin rash in patients with concurrent infectious mononucleosis (IM). Data Sources: A MEDLINE literature search inclusive of the dates 1946 to June 2016 was performed using the search terms anti-bacterial agents and infectious mononucleosis. EMBASE (1980 to June 2016) was searched using the terms mononucleosis and antibiotic agent and drug eruption. References of all relevant articles were reviewed for additional citations and information. Study Selection and Data Extraction: We selected English-language, primary literature, review articles, and mechanistic articles that addressed antibiotic-induced skin rash in patients with concurrent IM. We assessed all case reports available for causality utilizing a modified Naranjo nomogram specifically designed for this subject. We assembled the available epidemiological data into tables to identify trends in incidence rates over the years. Data Synthesis: We identified 17 case reports of antibiotic-associated rash in patients with IM. The median Naranjo score was 6 (range = 1 to 8). The top 3 reported drugs were ampicillin, azithromycin, and amoxicillin. Incidence of this adverse effect was higher in the 1960s (55.6%, 45%, and 33%) than in 2013 (33% and 15%). The mechanism most commonly proposed is a transient virus-mediated immune alteration that sets the stage for loss of antigenic tolerance and the development of a reversible, delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to the antibiotic. Conclusion: A reassessment of the long-held belief of the high incidence (80%-100%) of antibiotic-induced skin rash in patients with IM seems prudent. Additional studies will be necessary to clarify this issue.
Application of the Calgary Family Assessment and Intervention Models
Authors: Leahey Maureen , Wright Lorraine M.
Published: September 2016

Much has been written about the global implementation of the Calgary Family Assessment and Intervention Models (CFAM/CFIM) and the application of these practice models in various clinical settings. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief update on the background of CFAM/CFIM, and the current applications of the models as evidenced in the English-language literature. Little has been written about the use of CFAM/CFIM in a personal context, however. As originators of the models, we offer our own narratives and reflections about the reciprocity between the personal and professional applications of our models and the ways that our personal experiences have extended our understanding about the utility of the models for clinical practice with families.
UK press regulation
Authors: Fielden Lara
Published: September 2016

Press regulation in the United Kingdom, and debate over its future, cannot be isolated from a wider settlement for regulated media content, if regulatory coherence across platforms is to be achieved. Consumers are accessing and engaging with a range of broadcast, print, on-demand and wider digital content. Yet the standards (if any) applied to these services are marked by inconsistency and fail to enable citizens to make informed, democratic choices across media platforms. This short article proposes a managed transition towards a new settlement for legacy and digital media regulation. Clear, tiered standards marks would denote three categories of cross-platform provision, ranging from comprehensive statutory requirements for public service providers; voluntary incentivized standards for non-public service providers and base line minimum standards consistent with those currently required for audiovisual content. This article argues that together, media providers, regulators, consumers and legislators have the opportunity to shape a democratic agenda that recognizes the contribution made by journalism (and wider content), values the public space it inhabits and renews the regulation that sustains it.
At the digital Nexus
Authors: Füg Oliver
Published: September 2016

The project of a Single Market without borders has been key to European integration from its outset. While digitisation appears to remove borders with greater ease than any preceding technological development, the free circulation of content has not yet become reality. This article situates the European Commission’s Digital Single Market Strategy of 2015 in its historical context and, against a portrayal of the impact of digitisation on the publishing trade, explains how the Strategy interfaces with sectoral challenges. Its transversal nature is argued to create new opportunities for readers and publishers in both physical and digital content delivery and access.
Conceptions of the press and the functions of regulation
Authors: Gibbons Thomas
Published: September 2016

Media convergence poses an existential threat to the continued existence of the press, but some conceptions of its role are sufficiently important to a healthy democracy to justify a new constitutional and regulatory settlement in which the press is given protection in return for acknowledging the need for proper accountability and good standards of journalism.
Appraising the role of public sector in Kenya’s competitiveness as a tourism investment destination: Hotel investors’ perspectives
Authors: Ndivo Rayviscic Mutinda , Manyara Geoffrey
Published: September 2016

This study sought to investigate on hotel investors’ perspectives on the role of the public sector in Kenya’s competitiveness as an investment destination for the tourism industry. The study adopted an exploratory research design involving 24 executives drawn from hotel companies that operated 3- to 5-star hotels in Kenya. The study found out that entrepreneurship, and legislation and regulation functions were considered the most significant roles of Kenya’s public sector in creating a competitive environment for the tourism sector. The study further found out that the public sector roles of coordination, planning and stimulation were considered of less significance to attracting hotel investments. The paper recommends that the government seeks to address the noted concerns and notes the need for further research on the efficacy of the different investment promotion initiatives in view of the amount of resources that the government commits in terms of incentives to the sector.
Three-dimensional visualized space and asset management system for large-scale airports: The case of Incheon International Airport
Authors: Kim Eonyong , Park Soohoon
Published: September 2016

Large-scale airports such as Incheon International Airport have large-scale terminals, annex buildings, and numerous open spaces. An integrated space management system is required to manage these buildings and spaces efficiently. Thus, Incheon International Airport Corporation developed a three-dimensional computer-aided design–based integrated space management system. The major system development goal was to provide intuitive three-dimensional-based visual information, thereby realizing an integrated space and asset management system that does not require expert knowledge of any specific field, such as architecture. This article discusses the construction of the system and the problems that had to be resolved to achieve this goal.
Investigating cultural uniqueness in theme parks through finding relationships between visual integration of visitor traffics and capacity of service facilities
Authors: Hoon Hyun Kyung , Min Aram , Kim Sun-Joong , Lee Ji-Hyun
Published: September 2016

The goal of the article is to find the relationships between theme park visitor traffics and service facility location along with their capacities. To do that, we analyzed four Disneylands situated in Paris, Tokyo, and the United States (Florida and California). By analyzing the visual integration of visitor traffics at each Disneyland and calculating the capacities of service facilities such as the attractions, shops, and restaurants, we ran through a linear and a geographically weighted regression analysis. Our results indicate that there is a unique relationship between the service facility placements and the amount of predicted traffic flows for each Disneyland.
Bridging the Gap
Authors: Reinke Wendy M. , Herman Keith C.
Published: September 2016

The brief Student–Teacher Classroom Interaction Observation (ST-CIO) is a direct observation assessment that evaluates interactions between teachers and students. The measure was developed for use in classrooms during academic instruction to determine the frequency of teacher use of reprimands and praise toward a student, as well as the frequency of a student disruptive behavior. This article summarizes the purpose, procedures, and evidence base currently available in the literature to support the ST-CIO and offers ideas for how this observation system can be used to improve classroom practices.
Human Mobility Prediction Based on Social Media with Complex Event Processing
Authors: Terroso-Sáenz Fernando , Cuenca-Jara Jesús , González-Vidal Aurora , Skarmeta Antonio F.
Published: September 2016

The combination of mobile and social media sensors is foreseen to become a crucial course of action so as to comprehensively capture and understand the movement of people in large spatial regions. In that sense, the present work describes a novel personal location predictor that makes use of these two types of sensors. Firstly, it extracts the mobility models of an area capturing aspects related to particular users along with crowd-based features on the basis of geotagged tweets. Unlike previous approaches, the proposed solution mines such models in an online manner so that no previous off-line training is required. Then, on the basis of such models, a predictor able to forecast the next activity and position of a user is developed. Finally, the described approach is tested by using Twitter datasets from two different cities.
The Deltoid Lift: A Comparison Study of Exposure Area in Proximal Humeral Approaches
Authors: Ting Michael , Kusnezov Nicholas , Dunn John , Dwivedi Alok K. , Pirela-Cruz Miguel A.
Published: September 2016

Background: Adequate exposure of the proximal humerus is necessary to address atypical or complex proximal humerus fractures and orthopedic tumors. Surgical management may be difficult through existing approaches due to their limited nature and the delicate neurovascular anatomy of the shoulder. The deltoid lift, a previously described extensile approach, can be incorporated into the surgeon’s armamentarium as an alternative exposure to the proximal humerus. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the humeral exposure achieved through the deltoid lift with the standard direct lateral deltoid-splitting, anterolateral acromial, and deltopectoral approaches in terms of surface area and exposure of key anatomic landmarks. Methods: Each approach was performed a minimum of 8 times on 18 cadaveric specimens. After identifying landmarks, exposure area of exposed humerus was quantified using digital images and ImageJ software. Results: The deltoid lift yielded an average exposure area of 46 cm2. Comparison of the exposure area for the deltoid lift against each of the other approaches yielded statistical significance ( P < .01). The exposure provided was 2-folds greater than that of the next most extensive approach. All anatomic landmarks were directly visible through the deltoid lift as compared with the remaining approaches, through which only 1 landmark was directly visualized and only 2 of the 3 remaining were palpable through the approach. Conclusions: The deltoid lift extensile surgical exposure to the proximal humerus provides the largest humeral exposure with the greatest visibility of landmarks relative to the 3 most widely utilized standard approaches.
Complications and Cost of Syndactyly Reconstruction in the United States: Analysis of the Pediatric Health Information System
Authors: Canizares Maria F. , Feldman Lanna , Miller Patricia E. , Waters Peter M. , Bae Donald S.
Published: September 2016

Background: Syndactyly is one of the most common congenital differences of the upper extremity and offers an exceptional opportunity to evaluate value-based care in pediatric orthopedic surgery. We designed a study to characterize complications and cost associated to syndactyly surgery among US pediatric hospitals. Methods: A total of 2047 patients were identified for syndactyly surgery at 38 pediatric hospitals from 2009 to 2012 using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database. We examined costs as well as complication rates across hospitals stratified by patient and hospital variables. Results: The postoperative complication rate was 1.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3%-2.5%). Postoperative infection rate was 1.6% and surgical complication rate was 0.3%. Median adjusted standardized cost was $4112.5 (interquartile range: $2979-$6049). Patients with more than 1 diagnosis had 19 times higher risk of complications and were associated with 13% more hospital cost than those with syndactyly as single diagnosis ( P < .001). Finally, there was a wide variation in cost across hospitals; 8 (21%) yielded confidence limits above the benchmarked value. Conclusions: In the United States, it is important to recognize variations in practice of syndactyly surgery in hopes of developing quality improvement strategies in pediatric orthopedic surgery.
Total Wrist Arthroplasty Versus Wrist Fusion: Utilization and Complication Rates as Reported by ABOS Part II Candidates
Authors: Hinds Richard M. , Capo John T. , Rizzo Marco , Roberson James R. , Gottschalk Michael B.
Published: September 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to assess national trends in the utilization and complication rates of total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) and total wrist fusion (WF) as identified via review of the American Board of Orthopedic Surgery (ABOS) Part II candidate database. Methods: The ABOS Part II candidate database is a collection of cases reported by candidates of the ABOS Part II board certification oral exam. The ABOS database was queried for all TWA and WF cases performed from 2005 to 2014. Linear regression analyses were used to assess trends in procedure utilization. Treatment diagnoses, patient characteristics, and reported complications were also compared between the 2 treatment cohorts. Results: No significant increases in the proportion of candidates performing TWA or WF, number of TWA or WF cases, nor the number of TWA or WF cases performed per candidate performing those procedures were noted during the study period. Significantly less TWA cases were performed when compared with WF cases (68 vs 327; P = .006). Patients undergoing TWA were significantly older ( P = .005), more likely female ( P < .001), and more likely to have a diagnosis of osteoarthritis ( P = .003) than patients undergoing WF. There were no significant differences in complication rates, including postoperative infection, nerve palsy, or rate of secondary surgery, between the TWA and WF cohorts. Conclusions: Utilization of both TWA and WF has remained unchanged among emerging career orthopedic surgeons. Although WF is performed nearly 5 times more frequently than TWA, our short-term findings suggest that TWA compares favorably with WF.
A multiresolution approach for damage detection in fiber-reinforced polymer pipe systems
Authors: El-Gebeily Mohamed , Khulief Yehia , Ghneim Ahmed
Published: September 2016

Many industries are increasingly relying on composite pipes for their known favorable characteristics of corrosion resistance, high strength-to-weight ratio, and better insulation. The internal surface damage due to flow-accelerated erosion in pipeline systems poses a challenging problem that initiated a greater demand for reliable early detection methods. In this investigation, an efficient and accurate detection scheme of internal surface damage in a pipe system has been developed. The methodology relies on the measured vibration modal characteristics and is equally applicable to both steel and composite piping systems. The detection model is formulated using B-spline scaling function with their multiresolution capabilities being invoked for zooming on the localized discontinuity caused by internal wall thinning. The developed scheme does not require the prior buildup of a database of modal shifts against the damage parameters. The numerical efficiency of the method is manifested by solving a decoupled linear system, for which all required matrices are calculated and stored only once. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the developed detection scheme.
A novel bidirectional and dual-redundancy hybrid electromagnetic brake for aircraft
Authors: Xiao Chunyan , Gao Shuai , Zhang Jun
Published: September 2016

This article presents a novel bidirectional and dual-redundancy hybrid electromagnetic brake with strong retention force and high reliability. The electromagnetic brake with two large working air gaps consists of two stationary components and a movable component which is fixed to the shaft. The stationary components are composed of iron cores, yokes, and two sets of coil windings in which one set of redundant ones can improve reliability. The movable component consists of a permanent magnet ring and yokes. When the power is outage, the permanent magnet can provide a constant retention force to keep the movable component park at end position. When the power is on, the working magnetic fluxes of the hybrid electromagnetic brake are generated by both the permanent magnet and the coil windings carrying DC forward or reverse current. The magnetic fluxes produced by coil windings control the movement direction of the movable component to realize braking or unlocking. First, the constraint conditions of magnetomotive force to ensure bidirectional movements were deduced using the equivalent magnetic circuit method. Then, the magnetic flux density and the electromagnetic forces were calculated by the finite element method. Simulation results validated the theoretical analysis and the reasonable design. This electromagnet can be used for the electrical brake not only in the more electric aircraft but also in other applications.
Improving survivorship after critical illness
Authors: Hague Elise , Wijesuriya Julian
Published: September 2016

As medical treatments and technology advance, increasing numbers of patients are surviving more severe forms of critical illness. The negative medical, physical, psychological and social effects of critical illness and its treatment are often long lasting and not limited to the time the patient spends on the intensive care unit. The primary care management of this complex patient group is as important as the initial resuscitation and treatment in hospital. Carefully coordinated, multi-disciplinary team treatment and rehabilitation is required in order to reduce the morbidity of survivors and their carers.
The location of obstruction predicts stent occlusion in malignant gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Grunwald Douglas , Cohen Jonah , Bartley Anthony , Sheridan Jennifer , Chuttani Ram , Sawhney Mandeep S. , Pleskow Douglas K. , Berzin Tyler M. , Mizrahi Meir
Published: September 2016

Background:

Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) can occur with locally invasive or metastatic cancer involving the upper gastrointestinal tract at the pylorus or the duodenum. Endoscopic management with self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) is often the preferred palliative approach. Stent occlusion is a common reason for failure and reintervention. We set out to determine whether the location of the malignant obstruction is associated with the angulation of the stent and can predict stent occlusion.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent successful duodenal stenting with SEMS for malignant GOO between 2006 and 2015 at a large advanced endoscopy referral center. We determined the location of obstruction, the stent angle, and the rate of technical and clinical success of stent placement. We then identified cases of subsequent stent occlusion confirmed by endoscopic evaluation.

Results:

A total of 100 consecutive patients were included in the study; 91 of these patients had enough data to evaluate SEMS occlusion. A total of 21 patients (23%) developed stent occlusion with a median time of 39 days. The risk of occlusion sequentially increased as the obstruction occurred more distally from the antrum to the third or fourth portion of the duodenum ( p = 0.006). This relationship was maintained after controlling for stent angle ( p = 0.05).

Conclusions:

A distal location of malignant GOO was strongly predictive of stent occlusion, independent of stent angle. This may be due to longer and more complex distal obstructions, along with foreshortening of the stent during placement and tumor infiltration. If replicated, these results will have implications for endoscopic practice and future device development.
Encouraging practitioners in infection prevention and control to publish: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Melone Lynn , Price Lesley , Wilson Jennie
Published: September 2016

Aim:

The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to determine the views of infection prevention and control practitioners (IPCPs) on publishing research.

Methods:

A convenience sample was obtained by approaching delegates at the 2015 Infection Prevention Society conference and data were captured via a hand-held electronic device.

Findings:

Of the 79 respondents, most (83%) read the Journal of Infection Prevention ( JIP) and found it useful for informing their practice (72%). However, most (91%) had never published in JIP, and less than half (40%) published elsewhere. The main barrier to publication was not having work suitable for publication (38%). Support (37%), training in writing for publication (10%) and time (9%) were considered to be important facilitators in encouraging respondents to publish.

Discussion:

Strategies that support IPCPs in developing their writing skills may encourage more IPCPs to disseminate evidence to support best practice by publishing their work in peer-reviewed journals.
Use of an Integrated Tool for Interpretation of Blood Glucose Data Improves Correctness of Glycemic Risk Assessment in Individuals With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Parkin Christopher G. , Schwenke Stephanie , Ossege Anna Katharina , Gruchmann Torsten
Published: September 2016

Background:

Manufacturers now incorporate blood glucose (bG) value interpretation tools into their monitoring systems; however, usability of these support tools has not been well studied. We evaluated the utility and perceived benefits of support tool use by individuals with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods:

This 3-arm, randomized, simulation study assessed the impact of use of bG value interpretation support tools on participants’ ability to correctly interpret bG values, using 1 of 3 tools: a new tool that uses colored scales with target range indicator (TRI), Colors and Smiley icons (already available). Participants assessed 50 bG values without use of any tool and repeated the assessment using 1 of the 3 tool configurations. Changes in percentage of correct responses when using a support tool and user perceptions were assessed.

Results:

Data sets from 140 participants were analyzed. Increases in correct responses were seen in all study groups but most notably in the TRI group (26%, P < .001) versus the Colors (3%, P = .018) and Smiley icons (6%, P < .001) groups. Significant improvements in confidence were seen among TRI users ( P = .023) but not among other tool users ( P > .627). Most TRI users felt confident (94%), agreed the tool will help them identify high and low values (96%) and will help them to make correct insulin dosage decisions (80%).

Conclusions:

Use of the TRI significantly increases users’ ability to correctly and confidently determine their glycemic risk when self-monitoring bG levels. This suggests the tool may offer clinical value to individuals with T1D and T2D.
Quantitative Improvements in Hop Test Scores After a 6-Week Neuromuscular Training Program
Authors: Meierbachtol Adam , Rohman Eric , Paur Eric , Bottoms John , Tompkins Marc
Published: September 2016

Background:

In patients who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), the effect of neuromuscular re-education (NMR) programs on standard hop tests outcomes, including limb symmetry indices (LSIs), is unknown.

Hypothesis:

Both legs will show improvement in hop test–measured units after neuromuscular training, but the involved leg will show relatively greater improvement leading to improved limb symmetry. Patients younger than 18 years will show more improvement than patients who are older.

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

Patients self-selected their participation in this NMR program, which was completed after traditional outpatient physical therapy. Pre– and post–hop test scores were recorded as the primary outcome measure.

Results:

Seventy-one patients met the inclusion criteria and completed hop testing. Overall, the involved leg showed significant improvements (pretest/posttest) for single-leg hop (138.30 cm/156.89 cm), triple crossover hop (370.05 cm/423.11 cm), and timed hop (2.21 s/1.99 s). Similarly, on the uninvolved leg, improvements were seen for the single-leg hop (159.30 cm/171.87 cm) and triple crossover hop (427.50 cm/471.27 cm). Overall mean limb symmetry improved across all 4 hop tests, but there was significant improvement only on the single-leg hop (87% pretest to 92% posttest). Patients younger than 18 years showed mean significant LSI improvement on the triple crossover hop.

Conclusion:

Utilizing an intensive 6-week NMR program after ACLR prior to return to sport can improve quantitative hop test measurements. Patients younger than 18 years had greater improvement than those 18 years and older.

Clinical Relevance:

Advanced NMR programs can be successfully utilized in the postoperative ACLR setting to improve quantitative limb symmetry.
Evaluation of the potential therapeutic benefits of macrophage reprogramming in multiple myeloma
Authors: Gutiérrez-González Alejandra , Martínez-Moreno Mónica , Samaniego Rafael , Arellano-Sánchez Noemí , Salinas-Muñoz Laura , Relloso Miguel , Valeri Antonio , Martínez-López Joaquín , Corbí Ángel L. , Hidalgo Andrés , García-Pardo Ángeles , Teixidó Joaquín , Sánchez-Mateos Paloma
Published: September 2016

Key Points

We report strategies to reprogram macrophages as a novel approach to treat MM mouse models using pro-M1 and blocking M2 signals. MIF is upregulated in the bone marrow microenvironment of MM patients and plays an autocrine role in protumoral MØ polarization.
Protein complex detection based on partially shared multi-view clustering
Authors: Ou-Yang Le , Zhang Xiao-Fei , Dai Dao-Qing , Wu Meng-Yun , Zhu Yuan , Liu Zhiyong , Yan Hong
Published: September 2016

Background

Protein complexes are the key molecular entities to perform many essential biological functions. In recent years, high-throughput experimental techniques have generated a large amount of protein interaction data. As a consequence, computational analysis of such data for protein complex detection has received increased attention in the literature. However, most existing works focus on predicting protein complexes from a single type of data, either physical interaction data or co-complex interaction data. These two types of data provide compatible and complementary information, so it is necessary to integrate them to discover the underlying structures and obtain better performance in complex detection.

Results

In this study, we propose a novel multi-view clustering algorithm, called the Partially Shared Multi-View Clustering model (PSMVC), to carry out such an integrated analysis. Unlike traditional multi-view learning algorithms that focus on mining either consistent or complementary information embedded in the multi-view data, PSMVC can jointly explore the shared and specific information inherent in different views. In our experiments, we compare the complexes detected by PSMVC from single data source with those detected from multiple data sources. We observe that jointly analyzing multi-view data benefits the detection of protein complexes. Furthermore, extensive experiment results demonstrate that PSMVC performs much better than 16 state-of-the-art complex detection techniques, including ensemble clustering and data integration techniques.

Conclusions

In this work, we demonstrate that when integrating multiple data sources, using partially shared multi-view clustering model can help to identify protein complexes which are not readily identifiable by conventional single-view-based methods and other integrative analysis methods. All the results and source codes are available on https://github.com/Oyl-CityU/PSMVC.
CellTree: an R/bioconductor package to infer the hierarchical structure of cell populations from single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: duVerle David A. , Yotsukura Sohiya , Nomura Seitaro , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Tsuda Koji
Published: September 2016

Background

Single-cell RNA sequencing is fast becoming one the standard method for gene expression measurement, providing unique insights into cellular processes. A number of methods, based on general dimensionality reduction techniques, have been suggested to help infer and visualise the underlying structure of cell populations from single-cell expression levels, yet their models generally lack proper biological grounding and struggle at identifying complex differentiation paths.

Results

Here we introduce cellTree: an R/Bioconductor package that uses a novel statistical approach, based on document analysis techniques, to produce tree structures outlining the hierarchical relationship between single-cell samples, while identifying latent groups of genes that can provide biological insights.

Conclusions

With cellTree, we provide experimentalists with an easy-to-use tool, based on statistically and biologically-sound algorithms, to efficiently explore and visualise single-cell RNA data. The cellTree package is publicly available in the online Bionconductor repository at: http://bioconductor.org/packages/cellTree/.
BmncRNAdb: a comprehensive database of non-coding RNAs in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Zhou Qiu-Zhong , Zhang Bindan , Yu Quan-You , Zhang Ze
Published: September 2016

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play critical roles in a wide range of developmental processes of higher organisms. Recently, lncRNAs have been widely identified across eukaryotes and many databases of lncRNAs have been developed for human, mouse, fruit fly, etc. However, there is rare information about them in the only completely domesticated insect, silkworm (Bombyx mori).

Description

In this study, we systematically scanned lncRNAs using the available silkworm RNA-seq data and public unigenes. Finally, we identified and collected 6281 lncRNAs in the silkworm. Besides, we also collected 1986 microRNAs (miRNAs) from previous studies. Then, we organized them into a comprehensive and web-based database, BmncRNAdb. This database offers a user-friendly interface for data browse and online analysis as well as the three online tools for users to predict the target genes of lncRNA or miRNA.

Conclusions

We have systematically identified and collected the silkworm lncRNAs and constructed a comprehensive database of the silkworm lncRNAs and miRNAs. This work gives a glimpse into lncRNAs of the silkworm and lays foundations for the ncRNAs study of the silkworm and other insects in the future. The BmncRNAdb is freely available at http://gene.cqu.edu.cn/BmncRNAdb/index.php.
Robot development project with human- and eco-friendly smart materials
Authors: Itoh Yoshiaki , Yamazaki Toru , Lim Hun-ok , Takemura Kenichi
Published: September 2016

The social need for robotic technology is rapidly increasing to prepare for the aging society in Japan. Many political action plans concerning Japan’s robot strategy have been proposed and carried out nationwide. This project focused on the social implementation of life support robots and developing corresponding robotic technology. The project’s participants were mainly selected from four laboratories in the department of Mechanical Engineering of Kanagawa University. In addition to robotic technology, there was participation and collaboration in this project from several specialized fields of mechanical engineering, such as material properties, material development, and mechanical vibration. Developing academia–industry–government collaboration was another key project aim. Prior to this project, joint research on dynamics and design concerning mechanical vibration and noise has been undertaken since 2011 by Kanagawa University and Kanagawa Industrial Technology Center. Based on this experience in project-based research, we extended our collaborative research, and the joint research project “Robot development project with human- and eco-friendly smart materials” started in April 2012 and ended in March 2014. In this paper, we report the research activities and results for this collaboration within the regional research community. First, we introduce the project planning. We discuss the relationship between the main theme of robotic technology and the subthemes, determined by the expertise of the members. We considered the safety and reliability of robotic technology in addition to developing materials and robot mechanics. In particular, we decided to pursue participation from fields that do not always engage directly with robotic technology. Second, we outline how we determined the subthemes of the project and we examine the contribution of each subtheme to the results of the main project. Moreover, we discuss our future development work. Finally, as a first step to implementing robotic technology in the regional social system, we report a recognition survey about the practical use and materials of robots that was performed among small and medium-sized enterprises related to robotic technology in the Kanagawa area. Through the survey, we improved the development and direction of the project. Furthermore, the exhibition “Robot Innovation 2012” held in the Tokyo International Exhibition Center communicated our project results to the public.
Everolimus for the Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Overall Survival and Circulating Biomarkers From the Randomized, Phase III RADIANT-3 Study
Authors: Yao James C. , Pavel Marianne , Lombard-Bohas Catherine , Van Cutsem Eric , Voi Maurizio , Brandt Ulrike , He Wei , Chen David , Capdevila Jaume , de Vries Elisabeth G.E. , Tomassetti Paola , Hobday Timothy , Pommier Rodney , Öberg Kjell
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Everolimus improved median progression-free survival by 6.4 months in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET) compared with placebo in the RADIANT-3 study. Here, we present the final overall survival (OS) data and data on the impact of biomarkers on OS from the RADIANT-3 study.

Methods

Patients with advanced, progressive, low- or intermediate-grade pancreatic NET were randomly assigned to everolimus 10 mg/day (n = 207) or placebo (n = 203). Crossover from placebo to open-label everolimus was allowed on disease progression. Ongoing patients were unblinded after final progression-free survival analysis and could transition to open-label everolimus at the investigator’s discretion (extension phase). OS analysis was performed using a stratified log-rank test in the intent-to-treat population. The baseline levels of chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, and multiple soluble angiogenic biomarkers were determined and their impact on OS was explored.

Results

Of 410 patients who were enrolled between July 2007 and March 2014, 225 received open-label everolimus, including 172 patients (85%) randomly assigned initially to the placebo arm. Median OS was 44.0 months (95% CI, 35.6 to 51.8 months) for those randomly assigned to everolimus and 37.7 months (95% CI, 29.1 to 45.8 months) for those randomly assigned to placebo (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.20; P = .30). Elevated baseline chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, placental growth factor, and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 levels were poor prognostic factors for OS. The most common adverse events included stomatitis, rash, and diarrhea.

Conclusion

Everolimus was associated with a median OS of 44 months in patients with advanced, progressive pancreatic NET, the longest OS reported in a phase III study for this population. Everolimus was associated with a survival benefit of 6.3 months, although this finding was not statistically significant. Crossover of patients likely confounded the OS results.