bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and awareness on breast cancer among midwives and auxiliary midwives from three townships in Lower Myanmar
Authors: Oo Khin May , Shwe San , Win Le Le , Khin Myo , Min Aung Myo , Htut Ye , Win Htain
Published: March 2022

Background: In Myanmar, more than seventy percent of the population reside in rural areas and as the midwives (MW) and auxiliary midwives (AMW) are the basic health care workers who provide crucial health information to the rural women, their knowledge and awareness on breast cancer needs to be explored.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out to assess the perceived knowledge and awareness of MWs and AMWs regarding the early signs and symptoms, risk factors, and screening of breast cancer.Results: A total of 203 respondents (including 154 MWs and 49 AMWs) participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 20.27±3.6 years and the majority (96%) was single. The majority of respondents (94%) had heard of breast cancer and breast cancer screening. AMWs had a significantly lower knowledge on risk factors such as: family history (68% versus 19%); nulliparity (62% versus 43%); change in shape of breast (47% versus 25%); dimpling (44.3% versus 18.45%); lumps in axilla (42% versus 21%); use of oral contraceptive pills (34% versus 8%) than the MWs.Conclusions: More knowledge on breast cancer and breast cancer screening need be imparted to the MWs and AMWs to be able to convey knowledge and information of breast cancer to the women residing in rural areas.
Influence of behavioral characteristics of people who inject drugs on uptake of harm reduction services: an observational study
Authors: Nyaga Muthoni , Otieno George , Yoos Alison , Wanjau Grace , Muli Raphael
Published: March 2022

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are stigmatized and discriminated against and consequently experience barriers to essential services, which limit their access to care. Without the necessary treatment and unaware of the risks associated with injecting drug use, they remain vulnerable to HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections by sharing contaminated injecting equipment. Harm reduction programs are beneficial in reducing the risk of spreading these infections; however, uptake remains low at less than 20-40% in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study sought to assess the influence of behavioral characteristics of PWID on uptake of harm reduction services in Nairobi City County, Kenya.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted using respondent-driven sampling to recruit participants in the study. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out. One hundred ninety-two respondents participated in the study, 126 (66%) male and 66 (34%) female. About 71.35% of respondents had low uptake, and 28.65% had high uptake of harm reduction services. The relationship between period of injecting and uptake of harm reduction services was statistically significant at X2=7.079, p value 0.029.Results: PWID injecting on a less frequent basis were significantly more likely to have adopted harm reduction practices. Peer group support, as well as support from family, were also statistically significant at X2=7.87, p=0.005 and X2=21.869, p<0.001 respectively. These findings suggest that support from peers or family is likely to increase their probability of adopting harm reduction services.Conclusions: In summary, advocacy, peer support groups and social support networks are encouraged for harm reduction. A study on other factors influencing uptake of harm reduction services may be considered based on the health belief model or the socio-ecological model.
Knowledge and practices of birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant head porters in a hospital in Ghana
Authors: Agambire Ramatu , Dusei Charles A. , Agyei Kofi Gyasi , Ansong Cecilia Ackon
Published: March 2022

Background: The death of a mother, foetus, or neonate is a tragic loss whenever it occurs. Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is a strategy that helps women to consider all available maternal health care services during pregnancy and prepare for potential complications. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of BPCR among pregnant head porters. Methods: A Health facility-based cross-sectional survey targeting pregnant head porters was carried out from March to June 2019 at the Manhyia district hospital of the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana. Registry of the obstetrics and gynaecology department of the hospital aided in selecting the sixty-five pregnant head porters. A validated structured questionnaire was adapted for the study. Descriptive analysis, Kendall coefficient of concordance, one sample t test and multiple regression analysis were used for the data analysis. Results: The demographics revealed 40% of the head porters had no formal education, 60% were married, 39% were between 23-35years, and 74% were from the Northern part of Ghana. Knowledge and practices of BPCR among the head porters were found to be moderate. Conclusions: The study suggests increased outreach programmes in the communities on the need to consider each component of the BPCR as essential through public health education and the promotion of regular antenatal attendance. Moreover, there is the need for every delivery to be carried out by a skilled birth attendant.
Depression and factors impacting quality of life among adults with asthma presence in Nevada
Authors: Kahane Elizabeth D. , Chein Lung-Chang , Labus Brian , Bhammar Dharini M. , Chevalier Jocy-Anna , Moonie Sheniz
Published: March 2022

Background: Asthma, a chronic, non-communicable disease has been shown to negatively affect mental health and quality of life among adults. Annually approximately 8% of adult Nevadans report current asthma symptoms and 12.6% report having a lifetime diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between asthma and depression and explore quality of life factors affecting adult Nevadans with asthma.Methods: Using behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) data, this study evaluated the association between self-reported asthma and depression in Nevada using weighted multiple logistic regression. BRFSS asthma call-back survey (ACBS) data were used to determine the frequency and extent of quality of life factors affecting a sub-sample of respondents with asthma.Results: After adjustment, adult Nevadans with current asthma were 3.22 times as likely (95% CI: 2.26-4.58) to be depressed compared to those without asthma. Adult Nevadans with lifetime asthma were 2.6 times as likely (95% CI: 1.88-3.61) to be depressed compared to those without lifetime asthma. ACBS respondents indicated depression (38%), activity limitations (40%), sleep disturbance (26%), missing work or activities (31%), cost-related challenges (20%), healthcare usage (33%), environmental trigger exposure (96%) and severe asthma as indicated by use of oral corticosteroids (5%). The most significant correlations were found between depression, missing work/activities, activity limitation, emergency room /urgent care visits, oral corticosteroid use and reporting cost as a barrier.Conclusions: Asthma presence is associated with depression and negatively affects quality of life among adult Nevadans. A public health approach including education and outreach is critical to reduce the impact of asthma on mental health and quality of life.
The stroke detections scales for emergency response workers: a comparison of FAST versus BEFAST
Authors: Tippayanate Nantawan , Phonkanya Phatcharee , Nuangkantee Kanokwan , Nuangkantee Kamonchanok , Wijanjit Rungthiwa , Khamya Ajchra , Chaiprom Kiattisak , Sriprow Juntana , Sripol Chattarin , Tornsao Maitree
Published: March 2022

Background: Eighty percent of strokes are ischemic, resulting from cerebral artery blockages. However, due to delays in taking patients to hospital, only around 3% of patients receive suitable treatment in time.Methods: This research assessed the accuracy of diagnostic tests. Registry data concerning stroke patients were analyzed to compare the diagnoses made during the dispatching of suspected stroke patients with the final diagnoses made by hospital emergency departments in order to evaluate the validity of the initial tests.Results: The study investigated a sample group of 317 patients. Over fifty percent lived in rural locations. The stroke patients tended to be of more advanced age, and presented significantly more underlying conditions than non-stroke patients (p<0.05). The data were collected over a period of one year, and the scale used was predominantly the BEFAST. Between stroke and non-stroke patients, significant differences were found only in terms of facial drooping and weakened arms (p<0.05). The accuracy levels of the BEFAST and FAST scales could be considered similar when comparing the area under the curve. BEFAST had AUC of 0.551 while for FAST the value was 0.706 (p=0.059).Conclusions: It is possible to increase the sensitivity of BEFAST by including testing for coordination and diplopia, but the results in lowered PPV and specificity. Given that additional time is necessary in order to test coordination and diplopia, it would appear unlikely that this delay during dispatch will be beneficial even when improved sensitivity is taken into account.
Duration of viral clearance and factors associated with viral clearance among COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary care center in north Kerala
Authors: Jose Jerrin Maria , Kumaran Jayasree Anandabhavan
Published: March 2022

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has afflicted the global health scenario for nearly two years. There are limited studies regarding potential predictors of viral clearance in COVID-19 patients. These predictors can aid in identifying patients with prolonged viral shedding and initiate further research for interpreting host immune response to COVID-19. Viral clearance data in treated patients may shed light on the relationship between the host immune system and SARS-CoV-2. Objective of this study was to estimate viral clearance and study the factors associated with viral clearance in COVID-19 patients.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 588 COVID-19 patients admitted during the 6-month study period. Data was collected from case records and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results expressed as mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages. Pearson Chi square test used to find association between viral clearance and associated factors.Results: Among the 588 COVID-19 patients, majority (54%) were females. 21-30 years age-group had the maximum proportion (29.2%) of cases. Most common comorbidity reported was diabetes mellitus. The mean duration of viral clearance (VC) was 8.16±2.1 days. Delayed viral clearance was present in 21% of the study population. There was statistically significant association between male gender and delayed viral clearance. ICU admission and delayed VC also had significant association, with 95% of those admitted in ICU having delayed VC. Male gender could be a confounding variable for association between ICU admission and delayed viral clearance.Conclusions: One fifth of the study population had delayed viral clearance. Delayed viral clearance is associated with male gender and ICU admission.
ReliefP, an automated bedsore prevention device, primary benchtop evaluation
Authors: Tauheed Abu Saquib , P. Ranjith , Kakani Vimal K. , Shetty Sujay
Published: March 2022

Background: Few disease states ever present themselves to an attainable and near-term solution as pressure ulcers. Bedsore develops when blood supply to the skin is cut off for more than 2 to 3 hours. As the skin dries, bedsore first starts as a red, painful area, which eventually turns purple. Left untreated, skin can break open and the area can become infected.Method: A set of 50 subjects were identified who are willingly volunteering in the test. As the COVID-19 pandemic has extensively limited access to the hospital and patients, it was decided to conduct the experiment in-house.Results: For all the 50 volunteers, the device was able to relieve the high-pressure point under the patient heel within 20 mins. The mean time taken is 11 mins 6 sec.Conclusions: This preliminary study provides some initial data supporting the hypothesis that the RelifP device can identify and relieve the high-pressure area and equalize the pressure throughout. This technology can positively impact prevention in bedsores and reduce the pain and distress borne by the affected patient and caregivers.
Analytical cross sectional study on association of dietary habits with overweight and obesity among adolescents
Authors: Khanam Najnin , Gaidhane Abhay , Soni Gopal P. , Choudhari Sonali , Padmey Indu , Zahiruddin Quazi S.
Published: March 2022

Background: India with around 1.2 billion people is the world’s second most populous country and is recently facing rapid epidemiological transition. Under nutrition because of poverty which ruled in the past is being rapidly replaced by overweight and obesity.Methods: The cross-sectional study was done among school going Adolescents. Sample size was 309. Questionnaire of Global School Health Survey (core questionnaire of site specific) was used. The independents variables were dietary habits like eating fruits, vegetables, fast food, dairy products, bakery products, sweets, chocolates and carbonated soft drinks whereas the dependent variables were overweight and obesity.Results: The 53 (17.15%) of the students were having overweight and 22 (07.12%) of them were obese. No association observed between dietary habits like locally available fruits and vegetables with overweight and obesity. Significant association observed between dietary habits like fast food, dairy products, bakery products, sweets, chocolates and carbonated soft drinks with overweight and obesity.Conclusions: Unhealthy dietary habits had noticeable impact on prevalence of overweight and obesity among school going adolescents.
Diagnostic delay and out of pocket expenditure in extra pulmonary tuberculosis patients: a cross sectional study in DOTS centre of a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: K. V. Manikanta , Gowda Sudhir , B. R. Harish , V. Ariptha
Published: March 2022

Background: Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounted for 15% of the cases. Diagnosing EPTB is challenging as it frequently has non-specific clinical presentation and it may simulate other conditions, which may contribute towards delay in diagnosis. Delay in diagnosis and treatment could lead to increased disease severity, increased complications and economic burden for the patient and the families affected.Methods: This Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in directly observed therapy short-course (DOTS) center, Mandya institute of medical sciences (MIMS), India. Patients who are diagnosed with EPTB with age > 18 years were selected, informed consent was taken from 60 patients before collecting data. Data was analysed using Epi-Info (version 3.5.1) software. Descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation and proportion are usedResults: Of the 60 patients, majority 76.7% were in the age group 18-45 years, 68.3% were male, 75% from rural background and 55% belonged to class III socioeconomic status. Statistically significant diagnostic delay was seen with respect to female sex (total delay = 75.1±9.1 days), age group 18 to 30 years (74.5±5.1 days), lower socio-economic status (74.0±4.5 days), negative HIV status (72.7±4.4 days) and site of tuberculosis. Out of pocket expenditure was significantly higher in male sex (Rs. 22,839.0±5,174.7), age group more than 45 (Rs. 34,335.7±5,134.1) and among higher socioeconomic status Conclusions: Many EPTB patients, presenting to DOTS center, experience a long delay in the initiation of treatment, particularly patients with TB lymphadenitis. The patient delay is the major contributor to the total delay.
Utilization of health services and its perceived barriers regarding infant care among tribal mothers in selected areas of West Bengal
Authors: Adhikari Uma Rani , Paria Chandrima
Published: March 2022

Background: The tribal infant mortality rate in India was highest in the world among the indigenous populations. Utilization of child health services is poor in the tribal areas, due to presence of several barriers. The objective of the study was to assess the utilization of health services for infant, determining the perceived barriers of utilization of health services and finding the association between utilization of health services and selected socio-demographic characteristics.Methods: 100 mothers were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Self-developed tool was used for data collection after establishing validity and reliability. Data regarding participants’ profile was collected using a semi-structured interview schedule. To assess the utilization of health services, data were collected using record analysis proforma and semi structured interview schedule. A structured interview schedule was used to determine the perceived barriers of utilization of health services.Results: All mothers under the study utilized Institutional delivery and Immunization service for their children according to age. 65% of the mothers’ fully utilized health check-up service for their child during postnatal visit. Most of mothers (96%) received education for exclusive breast feeding for 6 months. Integrated Child Development Service was fully utilized by 74% mothers. Maximum (51%) of them fully utilized free treatment service for their children under JSSK. 63.46% mothers’ fully utilized Referral services. The study findings also show the presence of barriers among them like lack of awareness, lack of support person, financial barrier etc.Conclusions: Resolving the barriers to increase utilization of health services among tribal mothers is needed through improvement of their awareness.
An observational study to assess reasons for lack of control among patients of bronchial asthma attending a tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Dua Ruchi , Goyal Kashyap , Bhatt Ritisha , Singh Krishna , Reddy Navuluri Kranthi Kumar , Sharma Prakhar
Published: March 2022

Background: Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory ailment affecting both children and adults. Lack of control among asthmatics leads to adverse outcomes and increased health care costs. Studies from India evaluating level of control and reasons for inadequate control are lacking. Objective was to assess level of control and reasons for partly/poorly controlled asthma.Methods: Consecutive patients of bronchial asthma (>8 weeks on treatment) presenting to a tertiary care centre and consenting for participation in the study were enrolled. Control was assessed used global initiative for asthma (GINA) guidelines and patients categorised into poor, partly or well control.1 Enrolled patients were assessed by a questionnaire to record their demographic details including body mass index (BMI), duration of disease, smoking status, environmental smoke exposure/biomass fuel exposure, adherence to therapy, technique of inhaled medication and anxiety/depression, co morbidities including allergic rhinitis, gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis were also assessed.Results: 150 consecutive patients, 58% females and 42% males with mean age of 40.03±14.77 years were enrolled. 19.3% of patients were well controlled while 50.7% were poorly and 30% were partly controlled. On comparing well controlled versus uncontrolled asthma (poor and partly controlled) adherence, device technique of inhaled medication, depression scores and eosinophilia showed a significant association. On application of logistic regression model, depression scores, inhaler adherence and device technique were associated with level of control.Conclusions: Asthma is partly/poorly controlled in majority of asthmatics. Psychiatric co-morbidities, adherence to therapy and correct device technique are major reasons for partly/poorly controlled asthma. Addressing these modifiable factors can improve level of control among asthmatics.
Insight on infant feeding among mothers of rural community: a cross sectional study
Authors: Vasudevareddy Savitha Sondekere , Thimmajja Sunanda Govinder , Giriyappa Nagarathnamma
Published: March 2022

Background: India, a low-middle income and a developing country is combating with a triple burden of malnutrition with a very cost-effective measure, infant and young child feeding practices. But there are a lot of challenges in its implementation which need to be catered.Methods: A cross sectional study was aim to assess the knowledge and knowledge on practices of infant feeding among mothers of rural community. The mothers were included in the study were having children age between 0-1 year, who visits to primary health centers for availing health need services. Total 400 mothers were selected for the study by using purposive sampling method based on inclusive criteria.Results: The results shows that though it was encouraging to note that mothers were largely in favour of breast feeding, but majority 96.50% of mothers knowledge on infant feeding was inadequate, only 3.50% of mothers were found moderate level of knowledge on infant feeding, none of the mothers were found adequate level of knowledge on infant feeding.Conclusions: Regarding knowledge of infant feeding practices majority (94.25%) were identified  in-adequate  in their knowledge on practices of infant feeding, only (5.75%) having moderate level of knowledge on practices of infant feeding and none of the mothers found adequate knowledge of practices on infant feeding.
Contexual correlates of development of anganwadi children 3-6 years of rural Uttar Pradesh, India- a complex interplay
Authors: Rehman Hossain Mehedi , Agarwal Monika , Mahour Pooja , Singh Vijay Kumar , Patel Sheetal Prasad , Yadhav Kriti
Published: March 2022

Background: The cross-sectional study was conducted in rural area of Lucknow, UP to assess the developmental status and its determinants among children aged 3 to 6 years registered in AWCs.Methods: A visit was made to the households of all the registered children (3-6 years) and parents were interviewed to obtain the sample size of 314.Results: Type of family, presence of congenital anomaly, educational status of the care giver, duration of EBF, presence of books and space to play were found to be independent predictors of the development status.Conclusions: To conclude, there is a dire need for acknowledgement and prompt redressal of this loss of developmental potential in children at an early age.
Sources and level of stress among college students: a study conducted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ganesan Sumathi , Albadrani Muayad , Sriram Shyamkumar , Adil Mohammed
Published: March 2022

Background: Stress is inevitable. Mild level of stress is needed for better performance among individuals. Nursing and medical undergraduates experience high levels of pressure during their college when compared to students in other arts and science specialties. Numerous factors of stress among applied medical students may be theoretical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental. The objective of this study was to assess sources and level of stress by college of applied medical undergraduates.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among the female college of applied medical sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul-Aziz university, Wadi Al Dawasir, Saudi Arabia. A study sample of 72 female students of nursing and medical lab sciences were selected using random convenient sampling technique. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire related to sources of stress distributed among the students. Results: The results revealed that 11 (15%) of students had mild level of stress, 51 (56%) of them had moderate and 21 (29%) of them had severe level of stress. Intrapersonal stressors with the mean value of 2.09 (sometimes), interpersonal stressors mean value is 2.0 (sometimes), environmental stressors mean value is 1.4 (never), and academic stressors mean value is 2.5 (often) disturbing stressors for the students.Conclusions: The university should maintain conducive academic environment for better learning, with the focus on the students’ personal and social needs. The administrators should provide adequate resources such as books, computers to do assignments. Nursing college administrators need to take effort to narrow the gap between student’s opportunities, goals, and values to be integrated with that of the university.
The female community health volunteers: unsung heroes
Authors: Lageju Nimesh , Neupane Durga , Jaiswal Lokesh Shekher
Published: March 2022

In the 1980s, Nepal commenced a programme of female community health volunteers (FCHVs), commonly known as “Mahila swoyemsewika”, which means “female volunteer”. Their roles were to support family planning in the early days, especially by distributing birth control pills and condoms. Gradually, their roles were extended to include other programmes. The volunteers are influential in achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals and other targets. This programme has been the backbone of the health system in Nepal for the past three decades.
Evaluation of outcome of cochlear implant surgery in tertiary care centre
Authors: Shukla Amrita , Sachdeva Kavita , Raj Lakshmy V. , Tom Stephy Maria , Kabade Mayur V.
Published: March 2022

Background: Childhood deafness affects the hearing, speech and social development rendering individual socially isolated which further on aggravates language and auditory difficulties. A cochlear implant is a neuroprosthesis that bypasses the damaged inner hair cells and delivers the signal directly to brain which is then interpreted as sound. Cochlear implant when coupled with speech therapy plays an important role in determining the linguistic and cognitive outcome, thus allows candidate to integrate into the education system and the social world.

Methods: A prospective longitudinal study performed on 35 patients of age under 5 years presented with Profound hearing loss, underwent cochlear implant in ENT department NSCB and MCH Jabalpur. These patients were followed-up during the study period from 1st March 2020 to 31st August 2021 for progress and response to speech therapy.

Results: Mean age of patients underwent CI was 3.51years, 3 got explanted due to various reason and 1 lost to follow-up. Speech therapy was attended by 82.8% children both online and offline, and improvement in cognition and speech was noted in 80% children. About 45.7% cases could attain writing skills. 3 among 35 candidates are able to attend normal school.

Conclusions: After Cochlear implantation, continuous speech therapy by single therapist with dedicated team and committed parents results in favorable outcome in 80% patients in terms of improvement in cognitive and language development. Thus, every patient should get the chance to rehabilitate with CI and speech therapy.
Per-operative evaluation of destructive pattern of COVID associated rhinocerebral mucormycosis
Authors: Sachdeva Kavita , Saji Tinnu Anna
Published: March 2022

Background: The rapid global spread of Coronavirus disease led to declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11,2020. Secondary infections are reportedly common in hospitalized, severely ill COVID-19 patients, encompassing between 10 and 30% of cases, fungal being 10 times more common. Mucormycosis is amongst the most fulminant form of zygomycosis caused by mucorales species of the phylum zygomycota and currently referred as COVID associated mucormycosis (CAM). The aim of this study is to evaluate   the extend and pattern of destruction in nose, paranasal sinus and orbit found during the surgical debridement of post COVID hyperglycemic patients of mucormycosis.

Methods: This prospective observational study was done on a random sample of 86 patients who came to ENT OPD of a tertiary care centre of middle India with clinical, radiological or histological findings suggestive of CAM. These patients underwent aggressive surgical debridement followed by antifungals and strict control of diabetic mellitus. The extend and pattern of destruction caused by CAM in nose, paranasal sinus and orbit noticed peroperatively were analysed.

Results: Out of the 86 patients who got operated, there are 62 males and 24 females patients aged from 28 to 86 years. The left side was involved in 41 patients, and the right side in 66 patients. Among the nasal involvement, middle turbinate (56) was maximally involved followed by inferior turbinate (52), superior turbinate (1), septum (17) with posterior septum mostly involved, floor of nose was involved in (4) patients. The orbit was involved in 28 cases in which lamina papyracea was eroded in all cases followed by inferior orbital wall, orbital muscles, optic nerve. Cribriform plate was eroded in 3 patients. The overall extent of involvement of mucormycosis is as follows maxilla (86), ethmoid (71), frontal (29), sphenoid (30), septum (17), orbit (28), alveolus (5), palate (10), intracranial (9), subcutaneous phycomycosis (10).

Conclusions: Management of CAM is really challenging which needs a multidisciplinary approach that includes aggressive surgical debridement, aggressive medical therapy with Amphotericin B and correction of the predisposing factors primarily diabetics mellitus
A comprehensive rehabilitation in a case and panfacial fracture with extensive oral soft tissue trauma of lip and tongue in a musician: a case report
Authors: M. Dempsy Chengappa M. , Mehta Sandeep , Sambyal Shanender S. , Dua Gaurav , Kumar Andrews Navin
Published: March 2022

Pan facial fractures as the name suggest it involves multiple fractures of facial bones and so the management of such multiple fractures is also extremely complicated and the patient is generally left with residual deformities, which might leave a deep psychological impact on the individual’s life. Maxillofacial region also harbours organs which are very essential for the normal survival of the Individual such as eyes, organ for olfaction, respiration, mastication, deglutition and aesthetics and phonetics. All these factors put additional pressure in complexities of fracture management, also create a dilemma for surgeon. Another peculiarity of the panfacial fractures is the difficulty in accessing the fracture sites and because of that reduction and fixation are compromised often leading to secondary deformity. Determining the sequence of repairing of the pan facial fracture is the most challenging and requires great experience as well as knowledge of anatomy, as the approach varies with each case. All the vertical and horizontal pillars have to be restored to get the near-normal facial anatomy and aesthetic. Even after all the aggressive treatment, the residual deformity in cases of panfacial trauma is not uncommon, which often requires a second stage corrective surgery. This article briefs about the management and simple approaches used to reduce and fix a case of pan facial trauma in a -year-old male who underwent a road traffic accident.
A modified retrograde drilling technique of osteochondral lesions of the talus: A technical note
Authors: Makkar Dheeraj , Kim Hak Jun , Dong Yeo Eui , Hwang Myong-Hoi
Published: March 2022

Osteochondral lesions of the talus typically present as cartilage denudation after trauma or as cystic lesions in the bone with intact cartilage. Osteochondral fractures require an anterograde approach for treatment. Retrograde drilling and packing with a bone graft can treat lesions with intact cartilage. Because subchondral lesions involve the posterior aspect of the talar dome, these lesions can be difficult to localize with an image intensifier.

We describe a method in which ankle arthroscopy is used to visualize a subchondral lesion, along with an ACL jig to target the lesion precisely.

: We performed retrograde drilling in two patients: a 29-year-old man and a 34-year-old man. Each patient presented with a subchondral cystic lesion in the posteromedial aspect of the talus. We treated both patients by modifying the standard technique for retrograde drilling. Patients were evaluated before and after surgery using the AOFAS score and X-rays of the ankle joint.

The X-rays taken at the 3-month follow-up showed a well-maintained contour of the talar dome with complete incorporation of the bone graft. The AOFAS scores for both patients were greater than 90, excellent per the Saxena and Eakin criteria.

This method decreases radiation exposure, invasiveness, and surgical time of the procedure.
Prevalence of aphthous stomatitis or recurrent aphthous ulcers in dental students
Authors: Sharma Tanya , Dua Nisha , Sharma Prenika , Mahajan Sukriti , Kaur Harpuneet
Published: March 2022

Aphthous stomatitis is a painful and recurrent inflammatory disorder affecting oral mucosa. It appears as oral manifestation of various diseases. It affects approximately 20% of the general population. Its etiopathogenesis is still unknown. Various risk factors and environmental factors are linked with its pathogenesis. Recently its association with stress has been emphasised in various studies. We tried to find out the most common site and cause of ulcerations in our subjects.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 314 dental students by distributing a questionnaire via Google forms platform.

Aphthae were most commonly seen on the lower labial mucosa and significant correlation with the mental stress was seen.

The study concluded with acorrelation between stress of examinations and work deadlines to be an important factor behind the episodes of aphthous ulcer in dental students.
Financial Inclusion and FinTech in Suriname
Authors: Chotelal Shreshta , Dukharan Marla , Khadan Jeetendra , Marchand Melissa
Published: March 2022

This paper examines the potential role FinTech can play to support Surinames financial inclusion efforts. Financial technologyor “FinTech”describes the integration of technology into financial services to improve their use and delivery to customers. More importantly, it has the potential to meet the needs of those population segments that are not the main target of traditional financial services models. FinTech applications include mobile banking, mobile money, point-of-sale, e-commerce, and digital currencies. These solutions have contributed to financial inclusion, strengthening financial development, economic growth, poverty reduction, and socioeconomic development. We find that Suriname is making progress in promoting the development and use of FinTech. Still, there is room for further improvement, especially in fostering an enabling environment to harness FinTech opportunities, strengthening broader financial sector policies, addressing potential risks, promoting international collaboration, and addressing critical country-specific challenges.
Noticias del BID - Vol. 7 No. 4 - Junio 1980
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: March 2022

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Noticias del BID: Vol. 12, no. 9, septiembre 1985
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: March 2022

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Noticias del BID: Vol. 12, no 4, abril 1985
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: March 2022

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
The specifics of the functioning of the periphrasis in the journalistic text of the XXI century
Authors: Beglova Elena I.
Published: March 2022

The article examines the periphrases in the publicistic texts of the XXI century, mainly from newspapers and magazines, and also partially from the oral media of 2008-2021. Periphrases are analyzed from different points of view: semantics, functions, etymology, syntactic structure, communicative motivation and pragmatic intention of the text’s addressee. The semantic analysis revealed five semantic groups of periphrases used in publicist texts (mainly of 2015-2021). It was found that the main method of periphrasis formation in the journalism of the mentioned period is the metaphorical transfer of the meanings of a single word or word components in a phrase; metonymic transfer is observed less frequently. In terms of syntactic structure, periphrasis equal to the word combination dominate; however, the ones equal to a single word are also noted. From the functional and communicative-pragmatic points of view, periphrases perform the following functions: secondary nomination, expressive, evaluative and euphemistic functions. The special mention receives the fact that the periphrasis performs the function of creating historical coloring in the journal texts of specific thematic headings. In terms of the richness of the addressee’s vocabulary avoiding speech repetition becomes an important function of periphrasis. In print and oral media, periphrasis is often a means of speech economy. It is concluded that the original periphrases created by the addressees of the publicistic texts expand the boundaries of use, functioning first in oral and print media; then, due to the frequency of use in the media, they penetrate into colloquial speech and claim the status of phraseological units in the long run.
On the Issue of Global Governance in the 21st Century: Approaches of Russia, China and the U. S
Authors: Khudaykulova Alexandra V.
Published: March 2022

The international system, like any other, needs to be regulated. Obviously, a purposeful and thoughtful direction of the international development dynamics is preferable to a spontaneous and fragmented alignment in the spirit of the Hobbesian idea of «a war of all against all». In this context, the idea of global governance proves viable, despite the declining recognition and relative marginalization of the concept, on par with the number of mentions. International life in the 21st century did not turn out to be as well-adjusted as it was seen by the proponents of liberal globalization and neoliberal ideology immediately after the end of the Cold War. Not surprisingly, that today pessimism about the possibilities for real action in global governance far exceeds the optimism of the first post-bipolar decade. In addition to different interpretations and theoretical basis of global governance, the article reveals the role of the leading world powers - Russia, China and the United States in the multilevel GG architecture through great-power triangular interaction. The author proves that not a single leading world power or group of states can maintain order-forming processes alone. The U.S., China and Russia, in one way or another, pin their hopes on preserving and/or restoring and/or acquiring global leadership. Each of the powers pursues its own strategy of global governance against the backdrop of promoting its own ideas about the world order.
Youth labor market: sociological analysis of the interaction between employers and students (on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region)
Authors: Mikhailova Veronika V. , Sukhenko Natalia V.
Published: March 2022

The work is devoted to the study of the problem of youth employment on the example of the labor market of Nizhny Novgorod. Purpose of the study: identification of critical points of inconsistency in the perception of effective interaction in the labor market between employers and young professionals. To solve this problem, an empirical study was carried out, which included a survey of university students to assess their employment prospects, as well as a series of expert interviews with representatives of HR departments of commercial companies about the goals and value of hiring young specialists. The results of the study revealed a number of factors complicating the process of employment of young specialists: the discrepancy between their expectations and the requirements of employers, the lack of tools for effective job search, self-presentation skills at different stages of employment, an insufficient level of development of professional competencies, as well as a lack of experience interactions in a corporate format. Within the framework of the study, it was found that a key contradiction begins to form at the stage of partnership interaction between a higher educational institution, a student and an employer, even in the process of professional training of a specialist. Employers confirm their readiness to include student youth in the process of updating the professional experience. However, there is little interest in the participation of students in internship programs offered by employers, since the factor of financial well-being in the present is of paramount importance for students, as opposed to the ability to form a competitive advantage for employment in the future.
EPLL Control Technique Optimum Controller Gains to Control Voltage and Frequency in Standalone Wind Energy Conversion System
Authors: Subhash Bochu , Rajagopal Veramalla
Published: March 2022

This study describes how to regulate the frequency and terminal voltage of a freestanding wind energy conversion system using an Enhanced Phase Locked Loop (EPLL)-based strategy to supply power to varied loads regardless of wind speed. In a standalone wind turbine energy conversion system, the EPLL control scheme extracts the reference source currents (SWECS). The control algorithm employs two proportional-integral (PI) controllers to create the active and reactive power components of the consumers' load currents, estimate reference source currents, and connect the zigzag transformer to PCC with VSC for neutral current compensation. To obtain optimal PI controller gains and most-suited settings to apply to SWECS, optimization approaches are used. The control algorithm is the most significant aspect of the system, and the speed with which it calculates, evaluates, and guesstimates determines the generation of source currents based on the algorithm's ideal controller PI gains. By properly estimating source currents, the EPLL control method improves dynamics and power quality issues, and the optimization technique is employed to acquire the gains of PI controllers. The proposed system employs the EPLL algorithm on a three-phase, four-wire system with changing loads to achieve ideal total harmonic distortion of source currents and voltages on the PCC, as defined by IEEE-519 standards. A battery energy storage device coupled to the VSC dc link keeps the load's necessary power constant. If the generator output exceeds the consumer demand, the excess power is delivered to BESS for temporary storage. When consumer demand exceeds generated power, a BESS delivers deficit power to the load, which adjusts and the frequency under various load conditions. The suggested system simulated results were tested with 3-phase 4-wire for harmonics reduction, load balancing, neutral wire current compensation, frequency and voltage control using MATLAB / Simulink.
Indirect Space Vector Modeling of Asynchronous Motor for High-Speed Electric Vehicle Propulsion
Authors: Yalavarthy Uma Ravi Sankar , Gadi Venkata Siva Krishna Rao
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a high performance squirrel-cage asynchronous motor (ASM) drive, proposed for high-speed electric vehicle (EV) propulsion. This is an indirect space vector control (IDSVC) scheme in the rotor flux frame of reference, in which the modeling is based on synchronously rotating coordinate system transformation. Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) inverter fetches the controlled stator direct and quadrature axis responses from the speed and current controllers and supply necessary voltages to stator of ASM. The output voltage waveforms of SVPWM inverter are not sinusoidal in nature, which allows undesired harmonics at high frequency of operation. This due to inconsistent switching frequency. A second-order low-pass (SOLP) RLC filter with Butterworth approximation and was designed and connected in series with SVPWM inverter to grab harmonic free speed and torque profile during high speed operations. Similarly, another SOLP with a quality factor equal to 2 is designed and speed profiles of both filters are compared. The system is developed and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK to observe the speed and torque tracking capabilities. Simulation results show that the performance of drive under steady and dynamic states were good with Butterworth filter approximation with robust IDSVC scheme adopted over wide range speed-drive curve.
Shared Control of a Robot Arm Using BCI and Computer Vision
Authors: Qasim Mohammed , Ismael Omar Y.
Published: March 2022

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a device that can transform human thoughts into control commands. However, BCI aggravates the common problems of robot teleoperation due to its low-dimensional and noisy control commands, particularly when utilized to control high-DOF robots. Thus, a shared control strategy can enhance the BCI performance and reduce the workload for humans. This paper presents a shared control scheme that assists disabled people to control a robotic arm through a non-invasive Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) for reach and grasp activities. A novel algorithm is presented which generates a trajectory (position and orientation) for the end-effector to reach and grasp an object based on a specially designed color-coded tag placed on the object. A single camera is used for tag detection. The simulation is performed using the CoppeliaSim robot simulator in conjunction with MATLAB to implement the tag detection algorithm and Python script to receive the commands from the BCI. The human-in-the-loop simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to reach and grasp objects.
Artificial Intelligence Registration of Image Series Based on Multiple Features
Authors: Li Zhixin , Kong Degang , Zheng Yongchun
Published: March 2022

Multi-source image series vary in quality. To fuse the feature information of multi-source image series, it is necessary to deeply explore the relevant registration and fusion techniques. The existing techniques of image registration and fusion lack a unified multi-feature-based algorithm framework, and fail to achieve real-time accurate registration. To solve these problems, this paper probes into the artificial intelligence (AI) registration of image series based on multiple features. Firstly, the Harris corner detector was selected to extract the corners of multi-source image series, before explaining and improving the flow of the algorithm. In addition, the deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) VGG16 was improved to extract the features of multi-source image series. Finally, the spatial transformation network was adopted to pre-register the image series, and the image series was deformed and restored based on the region-constrained moving least squares. The proposed registration algorithm was proved effective through experiments.