bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making the invisible visible: stakeholder capitalism and powerless stakeholders
Authors: Van Buren Harry J. , Schrempf-Stirling Judith
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Stakeholder capitalism has been proposed as an alternative way of thinking about business purpose and value creation. However, stakeholder capitalism can only work as an alternative model of business if all stakeholders and their interests are visible to and taken seriously by managers. The purpose of this paper is to untangle the challenges that invisible, marginalized and powerless stakeholders pose for theorizing about stakeholder capitalism.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is conceptual. The authors first briefly outline the promise of stakeholder capitalism for addressing pressing questions about value creation and stakeholder welfare. The authors then conceptualize stakeholder invisibility as the outcome of a particular stakeholder being both powerless and marginal through the prism of moral intensity theory and one of its elements: proximity. This study discusses the ways in which managers can make invisible stakeholders more visible in their decision-making.

Findings

For managers truly to manage for stakeholders, as anticipated by stakeholder capitalism, all stakeholders and stakeholder interests must be visible to them. This study analyzes why sometimes they are not, how they can be made more visible and why stakeholder visibility matters for stakeholder capitalism. This study proffers three principles for business practice: ethical commitments to reduce stakeholder invisibility, analyses of business strategies to surface the contributions of marginalized and invisible stakeholders and taking rights seriously.

Originality/value

This study provides a new perspective on stakeholder capitalism by linking the challenge in operationalizing it to the problems of stakeholder invisibility and marginality.
Developing resilient and robust supply chains through data analytic capability
Authors: Kokkinou Alinda , Mandemakers Albert , Mitas Ondrej
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Modern supply chains have become increasingly vulnerable to disruptions, as evidenced by the recent COVID-19 crisis, the Suez Canal blockage and the war in Ukraine. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of disruptions on organizations and their supply chains, and to examine which resilience principles and corresponding strategies were effective at maintaining and/or creating competitive advantage.

Design/methodology/approach

Anchored in contingent resource-based view theory and organizational information processing theory, the study uses an explanatory mixed-methods explanatory research design consisting of two surveys followed by semi-structured interviews to elaborate on the quantitative results.

Findings

The quantitative findings showed that data analytic capability combined with a data driven culture had a positive impact on competitive advantage through improved supply chain robustness. No similar effect for supply chain resilience on competitive advantage was found. This was explained by the qualitative findings which showed that insights enabled data analytic capability led to increased supply chain robustness by encouraging proactive measures such as safety stock and redundancies in the supply chain. However, supply chain resilience required these measures to be in place. Without them, supply chain managers were unable to act upon the insights enabled by visibility.

Originality/value

The empirical findings show that data analytic capability impacts supply chain robustness and resilience in different ways, especially in the context of unprecedented disruptions.
Research on the forest ticket price formation mechanism based on three ecosystem service value pricing methods
Authors: Yang Jinlin , Zhang Dahong
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Currently, there is a conflict in developing countries between the requirements for the self-development of forestry and the insufficient investment in the forestry sector, and the forest ticket system is an innovative forestry management method to solve this contradiction. In the research on the forest ticket system, the study of its price formation mechanism is relatively important. The key issues of the forest ticket system are how to form the forest ticket price and whether the forest ticket pricing methods are reasonable. Solving these problems is the purpose of this study.

Design/methodology/approach

This study will use three methods, namely the forest ecosystem service value evaluation index method, the ecosystem service value based on per unit area evaluation method and the contingent valuation method, to study the forest ticket price formation mechanism, filling the gap in the current research on forest ticket pricing methods. It will analyze how these three pricing methods specifically price the forest ticket and evaluate whether these pricing methods are reasonable. This study will then summarize and comprehensively study the forest ticket price formation mechanism and provide policy recommendations for decision-making departments.

Findings

The contingent valuation method and the forest ecosystem service value evaluation index method should be mainly used and given priority in the forest ticket pricing process. When the forest ticket is mainly issued for local residents' willingness to compensate for the forestry ecological value, the contingent valuation method should be mainly considered; when the forest ticket is mainly issued for compensating for the ecological value of local used forest land, the forest ecosystem service value evaluation index method should be mainly considered. The ecosystem service value based on per unit area evaluation method does not need to be the focus.

Originality/value

Compared with existing research studies, which focus more on the forest ticket system itself and the definition of forest ticket, this study mainly focuses on the forest ticket price formation mechanism, emphasizing how to form the forest ticket price and whether the forest ticket pricing methods are reasonable, which has a certain degree of innovation and research value and can partially fill the gap in related fields. At the same time, this study has certain help for the enrichment of the forest ticket system and the extension of related research studies.
Optimization design of irregular grooved texture on the surface of sliding pair based on adaptive genetic algorithm
Authors: Shen Zhongkai , Li Shaojun , Wu Zhenpeng , Dong Bowen , Luo Wenyan , Zeng Liangcai
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effects of irregular groove textures on the friction and wear performance of sliding contact surfaces. These textures possess multiple depths and asymmetrical features. To optimize the irregular groove texture structure of the sliding contact surface, an adaptive genetic algorithm was used for research and optimization purposes.

Design/methodology/approach

Using adaptive genetic algorithm as an optimization tool, numerical simulations were conducted on surface textures by establishing a dimensionless form of the Reynolds equation and setting appropriate boundary conditions. An adaptive genetic algorithm program in MATLAB was established. Genetic iterative methods were used to calculate the optimal texture structure. Genetic individuals were selected through fitness comparison. The depth of the groove texture is gradually adjusted through genetic crossover, mutation, and mutation operations. The optimal groove structure was ultimately obtained by comparing the bearing capacity and pressure of different generations of micro-convex bodies.

Findings

After about 100 generations of iteration, the distribution of grooved textures became relatively stable, and after about 320 generations, the depth and distribution of groove textures reached their optimal structure. At this stage, irregular texture structures can support more loads by forming oil films. Compared with regular textures, the friction coefficient of irregular textures decreased by nearly 47.01%, while the carrying capacity of lubricating oil films increased by 54.57%. The research results show that irregular texture structures have better lubrication characteristics and can effectively improve the friction performance of component surfaces.

Originality/value

Surface textures can enhance the friction and lubrication performance of metal surfaces, improving the mechanical performance and lifespan of components. However, surface texture processing is challenging, as it often requires multiple experimental comparisons to determine the optimal texture structure, resulting in high trial-and-error costs. By using an adaptive genetic algorithm as an optimization tool, the optimal surface groove structure can be obtained through simulation and modeling, effectively saving costs in the process.
Freight insurance pricing strategy based on an online freight platform
Authors: Yang Chenchen , Chen Lu , Xia Qiong
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The development of digital technology has provided technical support to various industries. Specifically, Internet-based freight platforms can ensure the high-quality development of the logistics industry. Online freight platforms can use cargo transportation insurance to improve their service capabilities, promote their differentiated development, create products with platform characteristics and increase their core competitiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a generalised linear model to fit the claim probability and claim intensity data and analyses freight insurance pricing based on the freight insurance claim data of a freight platform in China.

Findings

Considering traditional pricing risk factors, this study adds two risk factors to fit the claim probability data, that is, the purchase behaviour of freight insurance customers and road density. The two variables can significantly influence the claim probability, and the model fitting outcomes obtained with the logit connection function are excellent. In addition, this study examines the model results under various distribution types for the fitting of the claim intensity data. The fitting outcomes under a gamma distribution are superior to those under the other distribution types, as measured by the Akaike information criterion.

Originality/value

With actual data from an online freight platform in China, this study empirically proves that a generalised linear model is superior to traditional pricing methods for freight insurance. This study constructs a generalised linear pricing model considering the unique features of the freight industry and determines that the transportation distance, cargo weight and road density have a significant influence on the claim probability and claim intensity.
Do credit risks deter FDI? Empirical evidence from the SAARC countries
Authors: Alam Md Badrul , Tahir Muhammad , Omar Ali Norulazidah
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This paper makes a novel attempt to estimate the potential impact of credit risk on foreign direct investment (FDI hereafter), thereby focusing on a completely unexplored area in the existing empirical literature.

Design/methodology/approach

To provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between credit risk and FDI inflows, the study incorporates all the eight-member economies of the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC hereafter) and analyzes a panel data set, over the period 2011 to 2019, extracted from the World Development Indicators, using the suitable econometric techniques for the efficient estimations of the specified models.

Findings

The results indicate a negative and statistically significant relationship between the credit risk of the banking sectors and FDI inflows. Similarly, market size and inflation rate appear to be the two other main factors behind the increasing FDI inflows in the SAARC member economies. Interestingly, the size of the market became irrelevant in attracting FDI inflows when the Indian economy is excluded from the sample due to its higher economic weight. On the other hand, FDI inflows are not dependent on the level of trade openness, with most of the specifications showing either an insignificant or negative coefficient of the variable.

Practical implications

The obtained results are unique and robust to alternative methodologies, and hence, the SAARC economies could consider them as the critical inputs in formulating the appropriate policies on FDI inflows.

Originality/value

The findings are unique and original. The authors have established a relationship between credit risk and FDI for the first time in the SAARC context.
Orchestrating a global business services portfolio in a plural sourcing context: the mediating role of modularised business processes
Authors: Plugge Albert , Nikou Shahrokh , Robben Henry , Kievit Henk
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To co-create value through dynamic collaborations, enterprises and their suppliers need to orchestrate the integration of complementary resources when providing business services. As such enterprises' strategic decision to apply a plural sourcing strategy to establish dynamic collaborations with their suppliers implies that both in-house and outsourced business services should be bundled into a business services portfolio. However, the antecedents that affect a business services portfolio have rarely conceptually been identified.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on resource orchestration theory, the authors theoretically developed and empirically validated a business services portfolio conceptual model. The model aims at explaining the critical antecedents to a business services portfolio based on a unique data set, comprising 121 international enterprises with variation in the degree of outsourcing, size, geographies and maturity. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to examine the relationships among the antecedents and a business services portfolio.

Findings

The findings show that the antecedent, i.e. plural sourcing strategy, modularised business processes and customer orientation have a direct and significant effect on the enterprises' business services portfolio orchestration. The results of the mediation test indicate that modularised business processes fully mediate the relationships between three independent variables with the orchestration of business services portfolio.

Originality/value

This study is the first to analyse the impact of plural sourcing strategy, modularised business processes and customer orientation on the business services portfolio orchestration from a plural sourcing context. Additionally, it examines the mediating role of modularised business processes in the relationship between the antecedents and business services portfolio orchestration.
Northern Ireland’s hybrid trade regime: an examination of the relationship between the Ireland-Northern Ireland Protocol and the UK’s post-Brexit trade agreements
Authors: Melo Araujo Billy , Wilkinson Dylan
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The Ireland-Northern Ireland Protocol has been one of the most contentious aspects of the EU-UK post-Brexit trade relationship. By requiring the UK to comply with EU customs and internal market rules in relation to Northern Ireland (NI), the Protocol has created a hybrid trade regime where NI is subject to multiple, overlapping and often conflicting rules. This paper aims to examine one area in which this hybridity manifests itself. It focusses on the interplay between the Protocol and post-Brexit UK trade agreements. It examines potential areas of conflict between Protocol obligations and obligations derived from UK trade agreements. In doing so, it sheds light on the extent to which compliance with the Protocol may undermine NI’s ability to export and import goods under the preferential terms negotiated under UK trade agreements. It further discusses the consequences of these incompatibilities between the Protocol and these agreements for NI and, more widely, the functioning of the UK internal market as whole.

Design/methodology/approach

Doctrinal legal research

Findings

The paper examines potential areas of conflict between Protocol obligations and obligations derived from UK trade agreements. In doing so, it sheds light on the extent to which compliance with the Protocol may undermine NI’s ability to export and import goods under the preferential terms negotiated under UK trade agreements. It further discusses the consequences of these incompatibilities between the Protocol and these agreements for NI and, more widely, the functioning of the UK internal market as whole.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first paper carrying out a comprehensive legal analysis of the interaction and potential conflicts between the Protocol on Ireland-Northern Ireland and the UK’s post Brexit trade agreements.
The impact of empowering and transformational leadership on innovative behaviour: the mediating role of psychological empowerment in health-care sector
Authors: Mohammed Abbas Ali , Al-Abrrow Hadi
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to test a four-variable research model using organizational behavior, social and technical systems, and leadership theories. This study set out to determine how different leadership philosophies, such as transformational leadership and empowering leadership, affected innovation. In addition, the model’s mediating role for psychological empowerment was quantified.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a quantitative approach, which is primarily a questionnaire, to gather information from 320 health-care sector workers at four public hospitals in the Basrah Governorate.

Findings

The majority of the relationships in the research model were shown to be positive by data analysis outcomes. The findings also showed how crucial the mediating variable was in preserving the link between the independent and dependent variables. Discussions were made on the theoretical and practical ramifications and suggestions for additional research.

Originality/value

This study concentrated on the application of contemporary leadership styles, gathered information on them and combined them into a single model to boost innovation. This study, which was conducted in the setting of the Iraqi health-care industry, stands out from previous studies because it used a large sample to provide conclusive and significant results, making it a valuable resource for academicians who seek to cultivate innovation.
Low-temperature characteristics of rubbers and performance tests of type 120 emergency valve diaphragms
Authors: Gao Ming , Pan Anhui , Huang Yi , Wang Jiaqi , Zhang Yan , Xie Xiao , Han Huanre , Jia Yinghua
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The type 120 emergency valve is an essential braking component of railway freight trains, but corresponding diaphragms consisting of natural rubber (NR) and chloroprene rubber (CR) exhibit insufficient aging resistance and low-temperature resistance, respectively. In order to develop type 120 emergency valve rubber diaphragms with long-life and high-performance, low-temperatureresistant CR and NR were processed.

Design/methodology/approach

The physical properties of the low-temperature-resistant CR and NR were tested by low-temperature stretching, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Single-valve and single-vehicle tests of type 120 emergency valves were carried out for emergency diaphragms consisting of NR and CR.

Findings

The low-temperature-resistant CR and NR exhibited excellent physical properties. The elasticity and low-temperature resistance of NR were superior to those of CR, whereas the mechanical properties of the two rubbers were similar in the temperature range of 0 °C–150 °C. The NR and CR emergency diaphragms met the requirements of the single-valve test. In the low-temperature single-vehicle test, only the low-temperature sensitivity test of the NR emergency diaphragm met the requirements.

Originality/value

The innovation of this study is that it provides valuable data and experience for future development of type 120 valve rubber diaphragms.
Implementing a virtual emergency department to avoid unnecessary emergency department presentations
Authors: Kelly Jaimon T , Mitchell Nicole , Campbell Katrina L , Furlong Karen , Langley Matthew , Clark Sean , Rushbrook Elizabeth , Hansen Kim
Published: November 2023

Objective

EDs are necessary for urgent health concerns; however, many physical ED visits could be better treated in alternate settings. The present study aimed to describe the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of a Virtual ED to reduce unnecessary physical ED presentations at a large tertiary health service in Australia.

Methods

This observational study using the RE‐AIM framework (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) evaluated the feasibility of a Virtual ED using routinely collected health service data and process‐evaluation to assess intervention fidelity and adherence between April 2020 and 31 March 2022. The primary outcome for the present study was the feasibility of the Virtual ED model of care.

Results

The Virtual ED received 2080 direct calls for patients with a mean age of 50.3 years, with 70.4% managed in the Virtual ED alone and 29.6% referred for physical ED presentation. Of the 2080 direct referrals, 95.8% were potentially avoidable ED presentations. Of those referred, 28.3% required an admission. Of calls managed entirely by Virtual ED, 18 (1.2%) unexpectedly required a hospital admission within 48 h. General practitioner respondents rated the Virtual ED service as helpful to very helpful. The service had an average of 212 referrals per month, with a 65.2% average growth rate. The Virtual ED service was considered helpful and clinically appropriate, with a high level of ED avoidance.

Conclusion

The Virtual ED prevented 70% of community triaged patients from presenting to the physical ED, with good uptake from all referrers, supporting the use of virtual care pathways in emergency care management.
Antixenosis and antibiosis mechanisms of resistance to Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood‐Mason) in rice land races
Authors: Sahu Nandini , Gowda Gadratagi Basana , Guru‐Pirasanna‐Pandi Govindharaj , Patil Naveenkumar B. , Basak Nabaneeta , Rath Prakash Chandra , Anilkumar Chandrappa , Rath Ladu Kishore
Published: November 2023

Asian rice gall midge is one of the important pests of rice, which attacks the crop from nursery to the end of the tillering stage. Managing this pest through plant resistance is the most viable and economical. Two hundred‐two rice genotypes were phenotyped against Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood‐Mason) and the mechanism of resistance in terms of antixenosis and antibiosis was studied. Antixenosis mechanism for adult settlement and egg laying indicated that the susceptible genotypes were preferred more than the resistant genotypes in a free choice test. First instar maggots were found and did not continue their growth on resistant genotypes further. However, in susceptible genotypes, they molted successfully and emerged as adults. No choice tests revealed that the emergence of adults in susceptible genotypes took less time than in resistant genotypes. Higher adult sex ratio was found in susceptible genotypes. Estimation of biochemical components in rice shoot apices of selected genotypes revealed that higher levels of total phenols, wax content, total flavonoids and total free amino acids were present in the resistant genotypes. Still, the number of total sugars, reducing sugars and total protein contents were significantly higher in the susceptible genotypes. Hence, the resistance mechanism in rice gall midge was displayed as a combination of antixenosis and antibiosis mechanism. The output of the study would be helpful in breeding for rice varieties resistant to Asian rice gall midge.
Magnitude and time to peak oxygenation effect of prone positioning in ventilated adults with COVID‐19 related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure
Authors: Rollinson Thomas C. , McDonald Luke A. , Rose Joleen , Eastwood Glenn , Costa‐Pinto Rahul , Modra Lucy , Maeda Akinori , Bacolas Zoe , Anstey James , Bates Samantha , Bradley Scott , Dumbrell Jodi , French Craig , Ghosh Angaj , Haines Kimberley , Haydon Tim , Hodgson Carol , Holmes Jennifer , Leggett Nina , McGain Forbes , Moore Cara , Nelson Kathleen , Presneill Jeffrey , Rotherham Hannah , Said Simone , Young Meredith , Zhao Peinan , Udy Andrew , Chaba Anis , Bellomo Rinaldo , Neto Ary Serpa
Published: November 2023

Background

Prone positioning may improve oxygenation in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and was widely adopted in COVID‐19 patients. However, the magnitude and timing of its peak oxygenation effect remain uncertain with the optimum dosage unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the magnitude of the peak effect of prone positioning on the PaO2:FiO2 ratio during prone and secondly, the time to peak oxygenation.

Methods

Multi‐centre, observational study of invasively ventilated adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure secondary to COVID‐19 treated with prone positioning. Baseline characteristics, prone positioning and patient outcome data were collected. All arterial blood gas (ABG) data during supine, prone and after return to supine position were analysed. The magnitude of peak PaO2:FiO2 ratio effect and time to peak PaO2:FIO2 ratio effect was measured.

Results

We studied 220 patients (mean age 54 years) and 548 prone episodes. Prone positioning was applied for a mean (±SD) 3 (±2) times and 16 (±3) hours per episode. Pre‐proning PaO2:FIO2 ratio was 137 (±49) for all prone episodes. During the first episode. the mean PaO2:FIO2 ratio increased from 125 to a peak of 196 (p < .001). Peak effect was achieved during the first episode, after 9 (±5) hours in prone position and maintained until return to supine position.

Conclusions

In ventilated adults with COVID‐19 acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, peak PaO2:FIO2 ratio effect occurred during the first prone positioning episode and after 9 h. Subsequent episodes also improved oxygenation but with diminished effect on PaO2:FIO2 ratio. This information can help guide the number and duration of prone positioning episodes.
Trait reactance as psychological motivation to reject vaccination: Two longitudinal studies and one experimental study
Authors: Soveri Anna , Karlsson Linda C. , Mäki Karl O. , Holford Dawn , Fasce Angelo , Schmid Philipp , Antfolk Jan , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse , Nolvi Saara , Karukivi Max , Lindfelt Mikael , Lewandowsky Stephan
Published: November 2023

Anti‐science attitudes can be resilient to scientific evidence if they are rooted in psychological motives. One such motive is trait reactance, which refers to the need to react with opposition when one's freedom of choice has been threatened. In three studies, we investigated trait reactance as a psychological motivation to reject vaccination. In the longitudinal studies (n = 199; 293), we examined if trait reactance measured before the COVID‐19 pandemic was related to people's willingness to get vaccinated against COVID‐19 up to 2 years later during the pandemic. In the experimental study (n = 398), we tested whether trait reactance makes anti‐vaccination attitudes more resistant to information and whether this resistance can be mitigated by framing the information to minimize the risk of triggering state reactance. The longitudinal studies showed that higher trait reactance before the COVID‐19 pandemic was related to lower willingness to get vaccinated against COVID‐19. Our experimental study indicated that highly reactant individuals' willingness to vaccinate was unaffected by the amount and framing of the information provided. Trait reactance has a strong and durable impact on vaccination willingness. This highlights the importance of considering the role of trait reactance in people's vaccination‐related decision‐making.
Small‐diameter titanium grade IV and titanium–zirconium implants in edentulous mandibles: Ten‐year results from a double‐blind, randomised controlled split‐mouth core‐trial
Authors: Müller Frauke , Al‐Nawas Bilal , Storelli Stefano , Quirynen Marc , Hicklin Stefan , Castro‐Laza Jose , Bassetti Mario , Srinivasan Murali ,   the Roxolid Study Group
Published: November 2023

The goal of this extension study was to compare the 10‐year outcome of 3.3 mm diameter titanium–zirconium (TiZr) or grade IV titanium (Ti) implants in mandibular implant‐overdentures.

Materials and Methods

This study is the 10‐year follow‐up from a randomised, controlled, double‐blind, split‐mouth multicentre clinical trial. Patients with edentulous mandibles had received two implants in the interforaminal region (bone‐level, diameter 3.3 mm, microrough surface), one of TiZr (test) and one of Ti (control). Implant survival and success, plaque and sulcus bleeding indices, probing pocket depth, gingival margin, clinical attachment level and radiographic crestal bone levels were evaluated.

Results

Fifty of 91 patients with implants were available for the 10‐year examination and 36 patients were valid for the intent‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis. The implant success rate was calculated as 94.6% and 91.9% for the TiZr implants and the Ti implants respectively. Four implants were lost (TiZr = 1; Ti = 3) in the entire study period. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses estimated 10‐ year implant survival rate for TiZr to 98.9% and Ti 95.8%.The mean of total and functional crestal bone loss was 1.49 mm (±1.37 mm) and 0.82 mm (±1.09 mm) in the TiZr group and 1.56 mm (±1.34 mm) and 0.85 mm (±1.16 mm) in the Ti group.

Conclusions

This split‐mouth design RCT on mandibular implant‐overdentures evidenced, bearing in mind its follow‐up time‐related reduced cohort size, high 10‐year implant success‐ and survival rates. These results confirm TiZr as well‐suited implant material for realising small‐diameter implants.

Registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01878331.
Kidney retransplantation outcomes in adults aged 70 and older: Analysis of risk factors and survival
Authors: Sibulesky Lena , Leca Nicolae , Bakthavatsalam Ramasamy , Perkins James D.
Published: November 2023

Background

An increasing number of older patients are undergoing kidney transplant. Because of a finite longevity, more patients will be faced with failing allografts. At present there is a limited understanding of the benefits and risks associated with kidney retransplantation in this challenging population.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database of all adults ≥70 undergoing kidney retransplant from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2022. We examined patient and graft survival of retransplanted patients compared to first time transplants. We also analyzed the risk factors that impacted the survival.

Results

During the study period there has been a significant rise in the number of retransplants performed, with 631 patients undergoing the procedure. Although clinically insignificant, overall graft, and patient survival rates were slightly lower in the retransplant group compared to the primary transplant group. With retransplant, patient survival was 91.3%, 75.6%, and 56.9% compared to 93.4%, 81.4%, and 64.4% with primary transplant at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. With retransplant, graft survival was 89.5%, 73.5%, 57.4% compared to 91.5%, 79.0%, and 63.6% in a primary transplant group at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that factors predicting poor survival included longer time on dialysis before retransplantation and decreased functional capacity. No survival difference was noted between recipients of deceased versus living donor kidneys. Patients who underwent retransplantation before initiating dialysis had better patient and graft survival.

Conclusion

Patients aged ≥70 achieve satisfactory outcomes following kidney retransplantation, highlighting that chronologic age should not preclude this medically complex population from this life‐saving procedure. Improvement in functional status and timely retransplantation are the key factors to successful outcome.
How knowledge sharing and emotional intelligence drive team performance
Authors: Rechberg Isabel D. W. , Essig Elena
Published: November 2023

This study examines the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI), knowledge sharing (KS) and perceived team performance. Data from 209 respondents were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. In this study, we identified interaction patterns between the management dimensions of EI, KS and perceived team performance. A direct effect of KS on perceived team performance was found, yet EI is not a necessary precondition to the relationship. We further found that it is essential to differentiate between knowledge obtaining and knowledge providing and thus acknowledge the two‐dimensionality of KS. We offer suggestions to scholars and practitioners concerned with the planning and management of KS in organisations.
Surgery of the paranasal sinuses of horses
Authors: Schumacher Jim , Easley Jack , Brink Palle
Published: November 2023

The paranasal sinuses of horses can be exposed through an osteoplastic flap to determine the cause of clinical signs of disease referable to the paranasal sinuses, such as facial deformity or abnormal chronic, unilateral nasal charge, or to remove abnormal contents within it, such as a progressive ethmoidal haematoma, an osteoma, a neoplasm, a cyst, inspissated exudate, a fungal granuloma or feed. The two types of osteoplastic flaps are the frontonasal flap and the maxillary flap. The frontonasal flap is the easier of the two to create and is the most commonly created flap because it provides direct or indirect access to all compartments of the ipsilateral paranasal sinuses. The maxillary flap provides good access to the rostral and caudal maxillary sinuses and is created most commonly to provide access to an orosinus fistula or the alveolus of a diseased maxillary molar to remove dental or osseous fragments.
Nursery areas of Micromesistius poutassou and Sardina pilchardus unveil their reproductive strategies in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Sabatés Ana , Raya Vanesa , Salat Jordi , Mir‐Arguimbau Joan , Olivar M. Pilar
Published: November 2023

Winter conditions in the NW Mediterranean cause instability of the water column and non‐geostrophic dynamics, such as vertical mixing and convection are significant. These events involve nutrient supply to the photic zone that can sustain high productivity. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of winter hydrodynamics on the spawning strategies of Sardina pilchardus and Micromesistius poutassou. Data were obtained on two oceanographic cruises (February 2017 and 2018) off the Catalan coast. The occurrence of S. pilchardus eggs very close to the coast indicated a clear preference of the species for spawning in coastal areas. Preflexion and postflexion larvae exhibited a slightly wider distribution showing a clear association with the cold, less saline and more productive coastal waters. Preflexion larvae of M. poutassou were found on the upper slope and over the shelf, being offshore limited by the shelf/slope front present all along the slope. The front would act as a barrier preventing their dispersion towards the open sea. M. poutassou larvae in advanced developmental stages were located close to the coast in the productive shelf waters, with instabilities of the front contributing to larval transport from offshore waters to the coast. The vertical distribution of both species showed high variability, not only related with the daily cycle or developmental stage, but also with the vertical structure of the water column. Overall, the results provide some clues on how the spawning strategies of both species may evolve under future scenarios of higher winter‐stratification, because of the global warming.
Factors influencing xerostomia and oral health‐related quality of life in polymedicated patients
Authors: Ramírez Lucía , Sánchez Isabel , González‐Serrano José , Muñoz Marta , Martínez‐Acitores María Luisa , Garrido Estela , Hernández Gonzalo , López‐Pintor Rosa María
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To evaluate whether the severity of xerostomia in older polymedicated patients impacts oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Background

Medication‐associated xerostomia is common in older people. Xerostomia may impair OHRQoL.

Materials and methods

This cross‐sectional study included older hypertensive patients from two health centres. We assessed the severity of xerostomia and OHRQoL using the Xerostomia Inventory (XI) tool, and the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) instrument, respectively. We measured unstimulated (UWS) and stimulated (SWS) salivary flows. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses evaluated the associations of XI and OHIP‐14 and different explanatory variables.

Results

Of the 218 patients enrolled, 51.8% had xerostomia, and 38.1% and 27.5% suffered from UWS and SWS hyposalivation, respectively. Patients with xerostomia, UWS, and SWS hyposalivation scored significantly higher on the XI. However, only those with xerostomia or UWS hyposalivation had significantly higher OHIP‐14 scores. A moderate correlation was observed between XI and OHIP‐14 scores. The multiple regression model showed that factors with the greatest impact on XI were the patient's complaint of xerostomia, UWS flow rate, age and sex. However, only the XI score was significantly associated with the OHIP‐14 score.

Conclusion

Xerostomia has a negative impact on OHRQoL in older polymedicated patients, but this impact is less than in other types of xerostomia. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether changes in the detected explanatory variables influence XI and OHIP scores in these patients.
Evidence surveillance for a living clinical guideline: Case study of the Australian stroke guidelines
Authors: McDonald Steve , Hill Kelvin , Li Heidi Z. , Turner Tari
Published: November 2023

Background

Continual evidence surveillance is an integral feature of living guidelines. The Australian Stroke Guidelines include recommendations on 100 clinical topics and have been ‘living’ since 2018.

Objectives

To describe the approach for establishing and evaluating an evidence surveillance system for the living Australian Stroke Guidelines.

Methods

We developed a pragmatic surveillance system based on an analysis of the searches for the 2017 Stroke Guidelines and evaluated its reliability by assessing the potential impact on guideline recommendations. Search retrieval and screening workload are monitored monthly, together with the frequency of changes to the guideline recommendations.

Results

Evidence surveillance was guided by practical considerations of efficiency and sustainability. A single PubMed search covering all guideline topics, limited to systematic reviews and randomised trials, is run monthly. The search retrieves about 400 records a month of which a sixth are triaged to the guideline panels for further consideration. Evaluations with Epistemonikos and the Cochrane Stroke Trials Register demonstrated the robustness of adopting this more restrictive approach. Collaborating with the guideline team in designing, implementing and evaluating the surveillance is essential for optimising the approach.

Conclusion

Monthly evidence surveillance for a large living guideline is feasible and sustainable when applying a pragmatic approach.
Über die Futterweitergabe zwischen Angehörigen verschiedener Waldameisen
Authors: Lange Rolf
Published: November 2023

1. Bei Formica polyctena Först. wurde der Nahrungsaustausch zwischen Außendienst‐♀♀ aus weisellosen und ebenso aus weiselrichtigen Völkern untersucht. Unter gleichen äußeren Bedingungen gehaltene Ableger verteilen den hochgewürgten Kropfinhalt auch nach monatelanger Trennung gleichmäßig an die Nestgenossinnen und an die ♀♀ des Stammvolkes. Die Königinnenzahl wie auch die Anweiselung nestfremder ♀♀ beeinflußt die Futterverteilung nicht.

2. Nach Abänderung der Nahrungsqualität werden die Nestgenossinnen bereits innerhalb weniger Tage bevorzugt gefüttert. Eine Vorbehandlung der ♀♀ mit verschiedenem Nestmaterial oder natürlichen Aromastoffen bewirkt ebenfalls eine gerichtete Futterverteilung. Die unterschiedliche Weitergabe des Kropfinhaltes wird mit einer Veränderung der Geruchsuniform der Versuchsvölker erklärt.

3. Die ♀♀ ‐Gruppe, die sich in der Arena in der Minderheit befindet, gibt entgegen dem Sättigungsgefälle Kropfinhalt an die Mehrheit dann ab, wenn beide Gruppen verschieden vorbehandelt wurden. Die hungernden ♀♀ der Minderheit leiten häufig durch “Anbieten” die Fütterungspaarungen ein. Dieses Verhalten wird als Demutshandlung gedeutet.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen an Affen und Halbaffen über Generalisation von Insekten‐ und Blütenabbildungen
Authors: Lehr Erich
Published: November 2023

Nach Dressur in Zweifachwahl auf 3 verschiedene, einfarbige Insekten‐abbildungen gegen diese farbgleichen und größenähnlichen Abbildungen welker Blätter, Samen, Zweigstücke usw. wählten eine Rhesusäffin (Macaca mulatta) und ein Kapuzineraffe (Cebus apella) in zahlreichen Testversuchen spontan und in signifikanten Prozentsätzen ihnen zuvor unbekannte und z. T. stark von den Dressurvorbildern verschiedene Insektenabbildungen sicher vor neuen Abbildungen anderer Naturobjekte. Ein entsprechendes Ergebnis hatte die Dressur auf 3 verschiedene Blütenabbildungen gegen gleichfarbige Bilder verschiedener Pflanzenteile, als danach neue Blüten‐ und Gegenmuster geboten wurden. Insgesamt erhielt jeder Affe 10 000 Dressur‐ und Testdarbietungen mit Insekten‐ und 13 000 entsprechende Aufgaben mit Blütenabbildungen.

Durch Darbietung schrittweise vereinfachter Blütenschemata wurde erwiesen, daß die Affen nach wenigen, auch bei sonst sehr verschiedenen Blüten ähnlichen Formkriterien generalisierten. Sie erkannten sehr vereinfachte Blütenschemata sowohl an deren Umriß als auch daran, daß mehrere Formele‐mente strahlig aufeinander zuwiesen. Komplexe Muster erkannten die Affen am sichersten, weil dabei mehrere Unterscheidungskriterien summativ die Wahl erleichterten.

Deutliche Lernkurven bei den Dressuren und die nicht starr gleich‐bleibende Wahl gleicher Muster in Testversuchen lehren, daß es sich bei der Bevorzugung von Insekten‐ und Blütenabbildungen nicht nur um die Wirkung angeborener Auslösemechanismen handelte.

Rhesus‐ und Kapuzineraffe zeigten beim Wahlverhalten und bei der Reaktion auf gleiche Muster große Ähnlichkeit. Der Kapuziner lernte aber schneller und war bei den ersten Testversuchen sicherer.

Ein Katta (Lemur catta) lernte erst nach über 6000 Versuchen eine Insekten‐ und eine Gegenabbildung zu unterscheiden, auch nachdem beide auf den Kopf gestellt wurden. Vor einem zweiten entsprechenden Musterpaar versagte der Katta trotz erheblichem Dressuraufwand.

Die Versuchsergebnisse machen wahrscheinlich, daß Rhesus‐ und Kapuzineraffen auch unter natürlichen Umweltbedingungen für sie bedeutsame Objekte wie Insekten und Blüten relativ schnell durch Generalisation erkennen lernen, mit anderen Worten, daß sie generalisierte Vorstellungen bilden.
Dynamics of Aggression in Male Pumpkinseed Sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus) over the Reproductive Phase
Authors: Colgan Patrick W. , Gross Mart R.
Published: November 2023

Changes in aggressive responsiveness to 5 stimulus dummies (Normal, Aggressive, and Subordinate sunfish, Pike, and Minnow) over the 4 periods (Nesting, Spawning, Brooding, and Vacating) of the reproductive phase were studied in 49 ♂ ♂ over two seasons in the field by presenting the Normal sunfish dummy and one other dummy daily. The results showed large initial increases and subsequent decreases in responsiveness over this phase. The dummies were treated as conspecific or heterospecific and the fish discriminated among them in terms of placement of Bites and frequencies of different responses, especially Opercular Spreads. Positive correlations among the response frequencies indicated a unitary intraspecific aggression system. External and internal stimuli combine additively to elicit aggressive reactions. Energetic costs and sexual selection are likely operative in the evolution of aggressive responsiveness.

Die Fortpflanzungsphase des Gemeinen Sonnenbarsches (Lepomis gibbosus) läßt sich in vier Abschnitte unterteilen: Nestbau, Laichen, Brutbewachen, Verlassen des Ortes. Im Freien wurde mit Attrappen die Angriffsbereitschaft von 49 ♂ ♂ in diesen Abschnitten untersucht. Anschwimmen, Ausweichen, Kiemendeckelspreizen und Beißen ergaben zuerst einen steilen Anstieg, dann einen langsamen Abfall über diese Zeit. Anzeichen für Gewöhnung an die Attrappen gab es nicht. Kiemendeckelspreizen trat vicl häufiger gegen Art‐genossen‐ als gegen Artfremden‐Attrappen auf.

Die Attrappen zeigten: 1. aggressive, 2. normale, 3. unterlegene Art‐genossen, 4. Hecht, 5. Karpfenfisch. Zu jeder Zeit war die Angriffsbereitschaft gegen (1.) am höchsten und nahm in der Reihenfolge der Aufzählung ab. Gebissen wurde (1.) bevorzugt auf die Kiemendeckel, (2.) und (3.) an Kopf und Flanken, (4.) am Schwanz.

Positive Korrelationen zwischen den Reaktionshäufigkeiten deuten auf ein einheitliches Aggressionssystem hin. Aggressive Reaktionen werden von außen vor allem durch die Kiemendeckelzeichnung und die dunkle Streifung des Körpers beeinflußt; die inneren Faktoren wurden auf einer Motivations‐achse angeordnet.

In die Entscheidung zu kämpfen gehen wahrscheinlich die aufzuwendende Energie, die Vorteile des Koloniebrütens, Balzaktivitäten, Feindabwehr und Artgenossenkonkurrenz ein. Die geschlechtliche Auslese begünstigt sehr aggressive ♂ ♂ und deutliche Geschlechtsunterschiede.
PERSONAL CONSTRUCT THEORY AND RESIDENTIAL CHOICE*
Authors: PRESTON VALERIE , TAYLOR S. MARTIN
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT Personal construct theory is a cognitive theory of personality that provides a theoretical and methodological framework for examining four major research issues in the behavioral approach to residential choice. The theory elucidates the content and structure of residential cognition at the level of the individual. The family life cycle influences cognition, but residential experience is not related. The evidence shows that knowledge of cognition adds to our understanding of residential mobility decisions.
A Review of Some Recent Developments in Portfolio Modelling in Applied Research and Development
Authors: GEAR A. E.
Published: November 2023

Abstract—

At the present time, very few organizations appear to be using the more complex, portfolio based, resource allocation models proposed in the literature. It is the objective of this paper to discuss some extensions and improvements to a basic linear programming approach to decision making in R&D, pointing out their weaknesses whether of a theoretical or practical nature.
An Approach to Evaluation of a Computer‐Aided Management System
Authors: JAMES W. G.
Published: November 2023

Abstract— A method is described which was developed to evaluate the “behavior” characteristics of a computer program used for R&D Resource Allocation. Results are included for the application of this method to a computer‐aided decision process previously used in the Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory at Wright‐Patterson Air Force Base. This evaluation method is possibly applicable in general to other computer‐aided management systems.