bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating Moving Reference Point Analysis Technique with a Planar 3d Model to Understand Fracture Propagation
Authors: Gabry M. A. , Soliman M. Y. , Farouq Ali S. M.
Published: September 2022

This paper focuses on the validation of the Moving Reference Point (MRP) technique using an independently pressure-matched planar commercially available 3D hydraulic fracturing simulation model with real field cases like multiple perforations and laminated reservoirs. The paper provides a methodology for concluding the lessons learned from hydraulic fracture treatments and taking the right preventative action in the hydraulic fracture treatments. The fracture propagation events like normal fracture propagation, height propagation, or propagation in the excessive leak-off zone were simulated on the pressure calibrated planer 3D model matched the event detected using the moving reference point based on the recorded bottom hole pressure. The integration of simulation and analysis presented in this paper assesses the use of the MRP technique to detect fracture propagation events during the fracture treatments in wells where accurate simulation data is not available. Unlike the previous applications of MRP, this application has complete well-completion data and petro-physical information.

INTRODUCTION

Detection of fracture events during fracture execution has a crucial role in the optimization of hydraulic fracture treatment it is a one-time operation. Once the optimum design is not achieved during execution, it couldn’t be achieved again.

Consequently, taking the right action during fracture treatment is crucial in the success of hydraulic fracture and achieving the optimum post-fracture production. The pumping rate or fluid viscosity can be modified or call for an early flush is requested based on the understanding of fracture propagation during the execution based on the right detection of the fracturing events.

The well-known Nolte-Smith method (1981) analyzes the treating pressure of a formation during pumping assuming all fracture events are referred to the initial fracture initiation point (regardless of the height covered by propagation during main fracture treatment). The net pressure is calculated based on the closure and plotted versus time for the start of the treatment on a log-log scale. Ayoub et al. (1992) introduced the pressure derivative of treating pressure analysis to be a good tool for fracture event detection.
Fluid Induced Elemental and Mineralogy Alterations of Caney Shale
Authors: Awejori G. , Xiong F. , Katende A. , Radonjic M. , Whitworth L. , Paronish T.
Published: September 2022

Studies were conducted on cores and rock cuttings recovered from two wells drilled in Caney shale in the Southern Oklahoma. Mineralogical compositions of these samples were obtained by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements using two methods of sample preparation: conventional powder (by crushing and grinding of rock fragments) and spray-drying of micronized rock powder method. Microstructure and microanalysis were acquired by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Batch experiments were then conducted using selected rock samples and fracturing fluid whilst deionized water was used as control sample for fluid/rock interaction. These were conducted at 95°C and ambient pressure for various time periods to assess the geochemical reactivity of the Caney shale. The rock samples were subsequently recovered from fluid, dried and analysis repeated using identical XRD and SEM/EDS measurements, following the same conditions.

Preliminary experimental results show rock mineralogical compositions are predominantly quartz with relatively high clay content. The clay minerals are mainly illite. Carbonate content is less than 10% by weight for most samples, with other non-clay minerals pyrite, albite, dolomite, and some apatite. In general, sprayed samples showed more intense peaks and less full width at half maxima (FWHM) relative to conventional rock-powder samples. Post-experimental mineralogical changes were observed in samples with clay portions breaking down to amorphous entities. As expected, dissolution of carbonates (calcite and dolomite) was observed and newly detected dissolution of biogenic micro quartz resulted in formation of amorphous silica.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Formation of sedimentary rocks involves processes where rock sediments are emplaced with fluids starting interactions that persist over long periods. During the lithification process, sediments and fluids react and attain equilibrium state. This equilibrium is disturbed during drilling, completion, hydraulic fracturing and other operations that involve the introduction of engineered fluids into the subsurface. To return to equilibrium, dissolution and precipitation of minerals may occur. These reactions have implications on the petrophysical properties of the reservoir. Whiles dissolution and precipitation of minerals can enhance porosity and permeability, the reverse can also be true. For example, when acidic fluids are introduced into formations with high carbonate contents, carbonate minerals dissolve into solution thus increasing the porosity and permeability of the formation. In contrast, when alkaline fluids with pH above 11 are introduced into an illite-rich shale formation, the rock-fluid interaction leads to de-flocculation of illite platelets causing substantial increase in clay fines migration, consequently significant reduction in permeability (Salles et al., 2008).
S-Wave Velocity Prediction Based on Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) and Deep Feed-Forward Neural Networks (DFNN)
Authors: Esmaeilpour S. , Ispas I.
Published: September 2022

The accuracy of the shear wave travel time prediction affects the overall accuracy of the elastic parameters, and this will have an impact on the reservoir characterization. Rock elastic parameters are critical to alleviate the risks associated with drilling and wellbore stability. This paper establishes the shear wave prediction model based on two artificial intelligence methods (Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) and Deep Feed-forward Neural Networks (DFNN)) using Wellington oil field data in south central Kansas. Neural networks are potentially superior to linear or multi-linear regressions, and they can be used to model nonlinear functions. These techniques will be used to enhance the high frequency resolution and prediction capability. DFNN uses multiple hidden layers and offers significant advantages in terms of control of training parameters. More data is required to train DFNNs because of the introduction of additional parameters such as weights, but it proves to be a reliable methodology to quantitatively predict the reservoir’s properties by optimizing the parameters such as the number of hidden layers, the nodes in the hidden layers, and the number of iterations required to solve the problem. To validate the neural network’s approach, a number of wells were hidden, and the trained data was used to predict the S-wave velocities in those wells. The validation correlation shows how well the process will work on a new well that has yet to be drilled. The developed model provides an economical and reliable approach for the determination of geomechanical parameters where S-wave travel times are not available.

1. INTRODUCTION

In this study, Probabilistic neural networks (PNNs) were applied to develop an intelligent predictive model for prediction of the shear wave velocity information. PNNs, firstly introduced by McCulloch and Pitts [8], is a mathematical model of biological events used to imitate the capability of biological neural structures with the purpose of designing an intelligent information processing system. An adaptive neural network is a network structure consisting of large number of elemental units, called neurons, organized in input, hidden, and output layers. Any neuron in the network is characterized by some features such as input weights, a threshold, and an activation function. The adjusting weights connect the neurons in different layers, so that a particular input, according to a learning algorithm, leads to a specific target output [8, 9].
Geomechanical Analysis of Some Potential Shale Reservoir Formations in North Sumatra Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Lanin E. S. , Sone H.
Published: September 2022

Indonesia, as one of the oil and gas producing countries, has potential shale gas and tight oil resources in some of its basins. However, careful assessment of the geomechanical setting is required because most Indonesian basins lie on active tectonic margins, in contrast to most shale play in the U.S, Canada, and China which lie in stable cratonic settings with normal or strike-slip fault regimes. This study aims to analyze the in-situ stress in the potential shale resources of the Baong, Belumai, and Bampo formations in the North Sumatra Basin, Indonesia, and discuss its implication to hydraulic fracturing strategies. Analyses were conducted on the regional and borehole scales. On the regional scale, the earthquake focal mechanism and surface geological features indicate a reverse fault (RF) environment with the maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) in the northeast-southwest (NE-SW) direction. At the borehole scale, analyses were carried out using wireline logs, drilling reports, leak-off test, and hydraulic fracturing data from a pilot hole in the North Sumatra Basin. Borehole stress analysis suggests a near isotropic stress condition in the RF/SS (strike-slip) faulting regime due to overpressure within the Baong formation. On the other hand, the Belumai and Bampo formations show an anisotropic stress state with a normal pressure interval in the NF (normal fault)/SS faulting regime. These conditions lead to a lower minimum principal stress in the Belumai and Bampo formations which suggests that these formations cannot act as a fracture barrier for hydraulic fracturing in the Baong formation. In addition, considering the RF stress state in the Baong formation and the bedding planes that dip at about 30°, horizontal hydraulic fractures can form propagating in all azimuth directions without any obvious fracture barrier preventing them from penetrating into adjacent formations. Meanwhile, hydraulic fracturing in the Belumai formation will create vertical fractures due to the SS/NF faulting regime that will propagate until it reaches the Baong Formation acting as a fracture barrier. Our study suggests that overpressured formations in this region whose prevailing faulting regime is RF are not favorable for hydraulic fracturing operations.
Computational Modeling of Creep Behavior in Shales Induced by Fluid-Rock Interaction
Authors: Prakash R. , Abedi S.
Published: September 2022

The chemo-mechanical loading of rocks causes the dissolution and precipitation of multiple phases in the rock. This dissolution and precipitation of load-bearing mineral phases lead to the stress redistribution in neighboring phases, which in turn results in deformational changes of the sample composite. The aim of this study is to investigate the link between microstructural evolution and creep behavior of shale rocks subjected to chemo-mechanical loading through modeling time-dependent deformation induced by the dissolution-precipitation process. The model couples the microstructural evolution of the shale rocks with the stress/strain fields inside the material as a function of time. The modeling effort is supplemented with an experimental study where shale rocks were exposed to CO2-rich brine under high temperature and pressure conditions. 3D snapshots of the sample microstructure were generated using segmented micro-CT images of the shale sample. The time-evolving microstructures were then integrated with the Finite element-based mechanical model to simulate the creep induced by dissolution and precipitation processes independent of the intrinsic viscoelasticity/viscoplasticity of the mineral phases. After computation of the time-dependent viscoelastic properties of the shale composite, the combined microstructure model and finite element model were utilized to predict the time-dependent stress and strain fields in different zones of reacted shale.

1. INTRODUCTION

Determination of viscous behavior of shale rocks is key in wide range of applications such as stability of reservoirs, stability of geo-structures subjected to environmental forcing, underground storage of hazardous materials and hydraulic fracturing. Short-term creep strains in hydraulic fracturing can change stress fields and in turn can impact the hydraulic fracturing procedures(H. Sone & Zoback, 2010; Hiroki Sone & Zoback, 2013). While long-term creep strains can hamper the reservoir performance due to the reduction in permeability of the reservoir by closing of fractures and fissures(Du, Hu, Meegoda, & Zhang, 2018; Rybacki, Meier, & Dresen, 2016; Sharma, Prakash, & Abedi, 2019; Hiroki Sone & Zoback, 2014). Owing to these significance of creep strain, it is important to understand the viscoelastic/viscoplastic behavior of shales.
A New Generalized Solution for the Required Strength of the Three Types of Cemented Mine Backfill
Authors: Belem T. , Gélinas L. Ph. , Oke J.
Published: September 2022

Cemented mine backfills (Cmb) are widely used in underground mining operations. Indeed, for primary and secondary stoping methods, Cmb provides secondary ground support. During secondary stoping, at least one face of the backfill may be exposed, and a failure can occur if the backfill is not strong enough. To ensure the stability of Cmb mass placed in an underground opening with one or more exposed faces during blasting, a given backfill minimum strength is required. The standard practice for assessing the minimum strength of the Cmb is to conduct uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests. The minimum required UCS depends on the number of exposed face(s). In the mining industry, a simplified design method is used based on the confined block model. However, most available models do not allow all scenarios to be taken into consideration (e.g., several exposed faces, rockfill, very large stopes, etc.). This paper provides a new generalized 3D solution of the UCS design required for the three main types of mine backfill (i.e., hydraulic fill, paste fill and rockfill) that a designer can use in the design process.

1. INTRODUCTION

Mine backfills are widely used in underground mines in order to dispose waste rocks and tailings from mining operations and to provide temporarily and secondary support during the ore extraction. There are three types of mine backfill that are used in underground backfilling: cemented hydraulic backfill - CHF (or hydraulic fill – HF or slurry fill - SF), cemented paste backfill – CPB (or paste fill - PF), and cemented rockfill (CRF). Nowadays and with technological development, the mines are deeper and deeper (e.g., >2.5 km) for a total extraction such as open stoping, and the stresses induced are very high. But, to ensure the stability of the backfill mass with an exposed face during open stoping, minimum strength is required. There is no standard method of the design of required backfill strength for underground mining since it is a relatively recent technology. The practical observations and the experience of the designer are used in most cases. However, there are rules and principles that should be followed for every design case. First, the method and the environment of the extraction should be identified in order to determine the function of the backfill. The mechanical design of the CPB requires an assessment of the minimum uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the backfill, depending on its function (e.g., Belem & Benzaazoua, 2008). For primary and secondary stoping methods, backfill provides secondary support while extracting the neighboring ore (e.g., Cai, 1983; Annor, 1999). During secondary stoping, at least one face of the backfill mass may be exposed, and a risk of failure or instability due to gravity loading can occur if the backfill is not strong enough.
Methodology for Determination of Anisotropic Elastic Constants and Principal Orthotropic Directions from Laboratory Testing
Authors: Loken M. C. , Mellegard K. D. , Johnson J. C.
Published: September 2022

The Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF, formerly known as DUSEL) is a dedicated underground scientific research facility located in Lead, South Dakota, at the former site of the Homestake gold mine. The SURF mission includes the construction of large underground cavern openings at depths of about 1500 meters to house large-scale physics experiments. A primary rock mechanics concern is the stability of these proposed large-diameter caverns (up to 165 meters) in a host rock which has been characterized to be orthotropic in the following conditions: (1) geometry, (2) in situ stress, (3) elastic properties, and (4) strength. Of the four dimensions of orthotropy, the third dimension (3) elasticity will be examined in this paper. The objective of this paper is to present the theoretical development and implementation of the equations that define two-and-three-dimensional orthotropic elasticity. The equations are developed based on simple laboratory testing configurations. The development of the three-dimensional equations of orthotropy is given in this paper. The method is validated with a numerical example and applied to a data set of test results performed on SURF rock samples to determine the orthotropic elastic constants and the principal orthotropy directions.

1. THREE-DIMENSIONAL MATHEMATICAL BACKGROUND

Interest in anisotropic rock mass properties is demonstrated in the current literature [1]. In this initial study, laboratory measurements were made on samples taken from Homestake mine at known and preferred orientations each orthogonal to each other. Strains were measured on each face under a known and controlled state of three-dimensional stress. There were a total of 9 measurements on each cylindrical specimen (each modeled as a cubical specimen). This included 3 measurements on each face (2 normal strains and 1 shear strain) that were mutually perpendicular to each other. However, since each of the three normal strains were measured twice on complementary faces, there are only a total of six independent measurements on each sample. Since there are exactly six unknowns (3 elastic moduli and 3 angles of orientation), a unique solution for each sample can be found using the Solver tool in Microsoft Excel.
The Impact of In-Situ Shear Stress on Microseismic Temporal-Magnitude Patterns
Authors: Tan Yunhui , Fang Zijun , Liu Xiaolong (Darcy) , Fradelizio Gian , Evans John
Published: September 2022

This paper examines microseismic events recorded during hydraulic fracturing which outline faults in the carbonate layers above the target formation. The faults can be grouped into two systems: North-South system (system 1) and North-Northeast-South-Southwest system (system 2) exhibiting different temporal-magnitude patterns. System 1 showed typical patterns similar to a natural earthquake sequence where the main shock is followed by smaller aftershocks. Whereas system 2 showed increasing larger magnitudes with time along with smaller magnitudes varying with the pumping stages. Regional stress orientation suggests that fault system 1 has higher shear to normal stress ratio, which might be the main reason why those faults are capable of hosting large events without much drive from fluid injection. Geomechanical modeling was performed combining hydraulic fracture modeling with dual-porosity-dual-permeability reservoir simulation. Simulation results show that the events on fault system 2 are more likely to be fluid driven (induced), while events on fault system 1 are more likely to be natural events triggered by fluid injection (triggered).

1. INTRODUCTION

Microseismic data has been used as a qualitative measure for assessing hydraulic fracture geometry during the stimulation process in unconventional plays (Maxwell et al. 2010; Grechka and Heigl 2017). It is an effective tool in outlining the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) to estimate fracture height, length, complexity, and further, this information can be used to optimize well spacing and landing decisions (Tan et al. 2014a; Tan 2015; Warpinski 2009). Microseismic can also shed light to stress regime and pressure depletion level (Dohmen et al. 2014; Tan et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2019). Common source mechanisms observed for microseismic events include bedding-plane-slip/dip-slip (BSDS) and strike-slip. The mechanisms of BSDS events are still under debate: the disagreement centers around which plane actually slipped (Tan et al. 2014 b; Tan and Engelder 2016; Tan et al. 2021; Tan et al. 2022). The strike-slip events are relatively better understood, which are associated with either natural fracture swarms or faults being reactivated during the hydraulic fracturing process (Yang and Zoback 2014).
Efficient and Accurate Thermoporoelastic Fracture Simulation Based on Adaptive Multimeshing
Authors: Poli Renato E. B. , Roseno K. T. C. , Gioria R. S. , Carrion R.
Published: September 2022

An adaptative multimeshing algorithm is introduced to simulate hydraulic fracture propagation considering temperature evolution in a petroleum reservoir. The methodology enables an implicit solution by which fracture damage is solved semi-explicitly and sequentially, in a pseudo time evolutionary procedure. In the poroelastic medium, the interaction between rock deformation and fluid flow is strongly coupled and solved implicitly in a non-linear Newton solver while the heat flow problem is weakly coupled. This strategy is justified by the quite different time scales of each phenomenon. The results presented herein address performance and accuracy issues, stress parameter setup in fracture propagation and thermal front evolution models. It was found that working with multiple meshes in numerical simulation runs is advantageous because it enables dealing with more complex scenarios while balancing accuracy and computational cost.

1 INTRODUCTION

Hydraulic fracturing is used in the oil and gas industry to improve hydrocarbon production by augmenting well productivity (Baykin, 2020; Wanniarachchi et al., 2018). Numerical models are aids to optimize those stimulation jobs. For a reliable representation of the process, the model must consider the multiphysics process as a whole, dealing with mechanical equilibrium and fluid leakoff at the fracture-reservoir interfaces, fluid flow inside the fracture domain, fluid flow at the reservoir continuum, elastic response of the formation and plastic propagation of the fracture (Baykin, 2020).

Over the decades, mathematical modeling for hydraulic fracture propagation became an integral part of design and analysis of treatments both for stimulation and reservoir characterization (Lecampion et al., 2018). Generally speaking, however, methods are focused on short term stimulation jobs, ignoring thermal or long term mechanical response of the reservoir. This work aims mainly to provide a methodology for consistent and efficient numerical simulation of such complex processes, bringing up comprehensive mesh technologies for bounding computational effort.
Shoulder Pain and the Potential Role of Acupuncture: A Narrative Review of Clinical Practice and Treatment Guidelines
Authors: Birch Stephen , Lee Myeong Soo , Kim Tae-Hun , Alraek Terje
Published: September 2022

The potential use of acupuncture for shoulder pain of various etiologies and whether clinicians make recommendations about the use of acupuncture was examined. Shoulder pain is a common clinical problem. What is the level of evidence and how often is acupuncture recommended for shoulder pain? A manual and database (PubMed) search of review articles of related clinical trials and guidelines was performed. The evidence for effectiveness of acupuncture treatment of different types of shoulder pain was weak. However, there are some studies, with a weak to moderate level of evidence, on shoulder pain (across nine subtypes of shoulder pain). Acupuncture is safe and may be a cost-effective treatment for shoulder pain. There were 131 statements recommending the use of acupuncture for shoulder pain across 12 subtypes of shoulder pain. The most common statements were for non-specific ‘shoulder pain.’ There were 11 statements against the use of acupuncture for shoulder pain and three subtypes of shoulder pain. The level of evidence in studies of acupuncture treatment for shoulder pain is low, therefore, further research is needed. Recommendations for the use of acupuncture for shoulder pain are increasing but lag behind those for other pain problems such as low back pain.
Eksplorasi Mamözi Aramba Terhadap Konsep Geometri
Authors: Sijabat Oslen Parulian , Simarmata Ratio Julianci , Giawa Meani , Tambunan Hardi , Sitepu Suryati
Published: September 2022

Matematika sebagai produk dari budaya, mengakibatkan matematika tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan budaya. Pembelajaran matematika berbasis budaya lebih dikenal dengan istilah etnomatematika. Pembelajaran matematika berbasis budaya akan membuat siswa lebih termotivasi untuk belajar matematika, Karena pembelajaran ini erat kaitannya dengan budaya, maka siswa akan dapat memahami setiap topik yang dibahas dengan lebih mudah, dan dapat menciptakan pembelajaran yang bermakna..Hubungan matematika dengan budaya dalam budaya alat musik tradisional dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar matematika disekolah. Mamözi Aramba merupakan ansambel musik tradisional yang digunakan pada kegiatan pesta dengan memainkan seperangkat alat musik aramba, baik pesta berupa owasa atau fangowalu (pesta pernikahan) yang ada di masyarakat suku Nias. Göndra, faritia, dan aramba adalah alat musik tradisional yang digunakan di Mamözi Aramba. Penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi konsep matematika yang terdapat pada Mamözi Aramba, untuk dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar terhadap pembelajaran matematika disekolah terkhusus untuk daerah pulau Nias. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh adanya konsep matematika pada Mamözi Aramba yaitu konsep geometri berupa tabung (Göndra), Lingkaran ( Faritia dan Aramba).
نفي الإكراه بين النسخ والتأصيل
Authors: Meras Meras
Published: September 2022

اهتم البحث بالتحقيق في قوله تعالی: «لااکراه فی الدین قد تبین الرشد من الغي»البقرة:،256، الذي يطلق عليه بعض المفسرين آية نفي الاكراه، ودراسة أهم ما جاء حولها من تفاسیر المذاهب والفرق الاسلامية، محاولاً إثبات حریة العقيدة والفكر من خلال هذه الایة الکریمة ، والرد علی من ادعی عدم امکان ذلک محتجاً بالنسخ ،أو المحدودية الزمانية لصدر الاسلام وضعف المسلمین بداية الدعوة ،أو بحجة إختصاصها بأهل الکتاب اذا دفعوا الجزیة للحاكم الشرعي،أو اختصاصها بمجموعة من الأنصار سالوا النبی(ص) عن مصیر ابنائهم المتهودين ، وما شابه ذلک ،ثم تناول البحث اسباب نزول هذه الایة ، وناقش رای السید الخوئی حولها ، وما فی الایة من الانشاء  و التعلیل ومعانی المفردات واحتمالاتها ، والفرق بین الاکراه والاجبار ، وهل ان الاکراه فی الایة مقابل الرضا ام مقابل الاختیار ؟ وتوصل البحث أخيراً الى ان هذه الآية وامثالها تؤصّل لحرية الاعتقادالديني في الاسلام خلافاً للاتهامات الباطلة.
النداء بالصوت في القرآن الكريم / دراسة في الاسلوب
Authors: Dr. Najah Hussein Kattan
Published: September 2022

للنداء اكثر من معنى اهمها هو الدعاء برفع الصوت ويكون المنادى هو الشخص أو الجهة المطلوب إقباله بحرف مخصوص .

وقد بين علماء اللغة أن للنداء سبعة أحرف ، منها ما هو مختص بنداء البعيد حساً أو حكماً ونعني بحكما المنادى  المنزل منزلة البعيد ، لرقود أو غفلة أو علو محل أو انخفاضه ، ومن ذلك ما استخدم في نداء العبد خالقه ، ونداء الخالق عبدَه .

وقد استعمل الله سبحانه وتعالى أسلوب المناداة في أمر الاستماع إلى بعض من آياته العظيمة حيث نزلت آيات القرآن الكريم لغاية عظيمة الشأن في أمر الاستماع إلى آيات الرحمن ، لما فيها من قوة العبارة وبلاغة المعنى وحسن الأسلوب ، وجاء هذا الاستماع متنوعاً في صياغته ،

إن أصوات حروف القرآن الكريم هي نفسها حروف العربية لكن أسلوبه أفاد من الصوت ما فارق به أساليب الكلام العربي ، وهذا يتضح في القيمة التعبيرية للصوت وقد  يتكرر الصوت وفي تكراره تصوير للموقف وتجسيم وإيحاء مما يدل على أن نغمة الجرس تسهم في إبراز المعنى المراد، ولعل أهمية صوت القرآن يتمثل في الإفادة منه في التأثير في الناس حيث نزل القرآن مسموعاً لا مكتوباً .

وإذا ما عدنا إلى الصوت وتأثيراته ، نجد ان القران الكريم حافل باسلوب المناداة لاجل الاسماع ومن ذلك امره لابراهيم علية السلام بمناداة الناس داعيا لهم لحج بيت الله العتيق وهذا واضح من قوله تعالى ((واذن بالناس للحج )) .
الاحتراز في العربية كتاب همع الهوامع في شرح جمع الجوامع للسيوطي (911هـ) أنموذجا
Authors: Dr. Alaa Saleh Obaid Al Asadi
Published: September 2022

تحاول هذه الدراسة التطرق إلى موضوع مهم من موضوعات النحو العربي نجد أنه أخذ حيزًا لا بأس به عند النحويين والمفسرين والبلاغيين وهو " الاحتراز في العربية كتاب همع الهوامع في شرح جمع الجوامع للسيوطي (911هـ) أنموذجا " كان  النحويون والمفسرون والبلاغيون يستعرضون هذه الظاهرة النحوية لغرض دلالي إذ لا يأتي الاحتراز إلّا لأجل المعنى ولأنّ موضوع الاحتراز كبير جدًا في كتب النحو وله مرادفات اصطلاحية لذا اكتفت الدراسة بدراسته في كتاب همع الهوامع فقط
تعريف المعرفة الحضورية - دراسة تحليلية نقدية
Authors: Dr. Ibrahim Jassim Kazem Jaafar Al-Moussawi
Published: September 2022

موضوع هذه الدراسة هو تحليل وفهم حقيقة العلم الحضوري، في قبال العلم الحصولي، وهو موضوع جدير بالأهمية من طريق اهمية هذا التحليل في فهم وتحليل مكانة العلم الحضوري في تكوين اليقين المعرفي، وهو ما سعت الفلسفة الاسلامية المعاصرة من الاعتماد عليه.

ما توصلت له الدراسة ان العلم الحضوري يقتضي ضرورة توسعة مفهوم الواسطة المنفية فيه الى الواسطة  المفهومية، والواسطة الوجودية؛ وهي توسعة اعتمدت على الراي القائل ان دائرة العلم الحصولي شاملة لبعض مراتب العلم الالهي كما هو في العلم بالأجسام المادية بعد الايجاد.  

وان وحدة الوجود العلمي والخارجي المفترضة في هذا العلم  ليست حقيقية، وانما ناظرة لنفي وجود واسطة مفهومية، والا فان العلم الحضوري له اركان ثلاث، لا ركنين، كما هو الحال في العلم الحصولي، وركناه بلحاظ وجود الشي الخارجي المعلوم، هما الوجود الحاضر عند العالم ضمن ظهور خاص، والوجود الواقعي الخارجي في حد ذاته، مما يعطي وجود نوع من الاختلاف بين المعلوم والوجود في حد ذاته.

المنهج في هذه الدراسة هو المنهج التوصيفي والتحليلي النقدي
أثر تنوع جواهر الإنسان وقدراته في صناعة المهارة دراسة تحليلية في ضوء النص القرآني
Authors: Dr. Talal Faeq Mujbel Al Kamali
Published: September 2022

هذه الدراسة محاولة علمية للتدبر في آيات القرآن الكريم لرصد اثر تنوع جواهر الإنسان وتنوع امكاناتها الظاهرية والكامنة، وآلية توظيف قدراته وطاقاته في صقل وصياغة المهارة، إذ نحسب أنَّ الجعل التكويني لعناصر تركيبته قد تضمنت قدرات ذاتية تقف وراء تجلّي المهارة، وهي المعنية بالمآل برسم معالم طريق سلم ترقيه واستكماله، من أجل ذلك كان هذا البحث لمراقبة طاقات جواهر الإنسان المتعددة، وتحديد مكامن قدراته الذاتية في صناعة المهارة وصياغتها؛ ولأهمية الموضوع وقوة أثره في حياة الانسان وسلوكه وسط الظروف الزمانية والمكانية التي تحيط به في السراء ولا سيما الضراء منها كان هذا البحث تحت عنوان (أثر تنوع جواهر الإنسان وقدراته في صناعة المهارة / دراسة تحليلية في ضوء النص القرآني) للوقوف على رؤية القرآن الكريم في هذا الميدان المهم والحساس عبر رصد الحركة الجوهرية لمكامن جواهر الإنسان وتنوعها من جهة، واثرها في صناعة المهارات وطرئق تنظيمها وآليات تطبيقها؛ لاطلاعنا على خلو المكتبة القرآنية من مفردة البحث التي نعتقد أنَّ القرآن الكريم قد اغناها بآياته المتناثرة بين دفتيه
القواعد القرآنية في العلاقات الدولية الاسلامية (دراسة فقهية تفسيرية لآيات الحرب والسلم)
Authors: Dr.Mustafa jafar ajeel al-brahemeey
Published: September 2022

شرع الإسلام الجهاد لنشر عقيد التوحيد وجعلها العقيدة المبسوطة على وجه الأرض ولم يكن الجهاد لغرض بسط النفوذ والسلطة الإسلامية بدافع الحقد او الاستخفاف بحياة الاخرين وانما لاجل رفع الظلم والاضطهاد والعبودية لغير الله عزوجل وهذا ما وجدناه من خلال تشريعاته لقوانين الجهاد اذ انه اوجب الجهاد ضد المشركين والكفار الذين رفضوا الانصياع لعقيدة التوحيد, واما غيرهم من اهل الكتاب فكانت الأوامر ان اظهروا العداوة للاسلام يقاتلون وان اظهروا السلم فيقرون على دينهم في قبال الجزية ان كانوا يعيشون تحت سلطة الدولة الإسلامية والا فعقود السلم والمعاهدات كفيلة في فتح افاق العلاقات السلمية المبنية على أساس الالتزام والتفاهم بين الطرفين , وهذا ما اشرنا اليه خلال البحث وقد انتظم البحث في مطلبين تناولنا في المطلب الأول مفهوم القواعد القرانية والعلاقات الدولية الإسلامية في حين جاء المبحث الثاني عن نماذج للقواعد القرانية في الحرب والسلم , وقد توصل البحث الى نتيجة مهمة وهي ان الأصل في العلاقات الدولية الإسلامية مع اهل الكتاب من الموحدين هي السلم وان الحرب هي حالة استثنائية في حالة نقضهم لعهدهم مع المسلمين , واما الأصل الاولي مع المشركين والكفار فهو الحرب او ايمانهم بعقيدة التوحيد
Textual Datasets For Portuguese-Brazilian Language Models
Authors: Sanches Matheus Ferraroni , de Sá Jader M. C. , Foerste Henrique T. S. , Souza Rafael R. , Dos Reis Julio C. , Villas Leandro A.
Published: September 2022

Advances in Natural Language Processing have generated new models that push forward the state of the art. This reached new heights in complex tasks in handling unstructured texts. Most of the new architectures and models focus on the English language. There is a lack of available datasets that can be used during the training of new models. This investigation presents four new textual datasets for language modeling in Brazilian Portuguese. Our datasets were generated from several specific methodologies that aimed to obtain data of different natures. Two of our sets were originally built from data in online web forums. We also distribute a translated version of MultiWOZ, and a clean version of BrWaC. The original datasets are made available in a structured way to facilitate their use during the training of NLP models, with questions, answers and conversations already identified.
The Role of Registration in Cancer Control and Prevention
Authors: A. Leal Yelda
Published: September 2022

Cancer is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, with 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths, and an estimated prevalence during the last 5 years of 43.8 million persons with the disease, according to 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) report. Disparities between developed and developing countries have been documented—nearly 57% of cancer cases (8 million) and 65% of cancer deaths (5.3 million) occurred in developing countries. Although more cases are detected in countries with a high or very high human development index, mortality rates are similar in both low-to-middle-income countries and high-to-very high-income countries. The global picture of the impact of cancer worldwide can only be calculated from registry data, which allow for estimations of the burden of cancer for different geographic areas, as well as for the fundamental role in cancer control and prevention.
Analysis of the Concept of Deaths per Million in the Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020
Authors: A.K. Ohanube Goodluck , M. Obeta Uchejeso
Published: September 2022

The pandemic of the Coronavirus disease 2019 has been quite devastating. Assessing the success of the public health measures put in place by different nations has become a herculean task, especially as there is no effective index to determine that. The existing public health indices such as the Case fatality ratio and Mortality rate have not proven efficient in ascertaining the progress made in the early implementation of some public health measures. Hence, the index Deaths Per Million, an estimated mortality rate, is considered an alternative tool to ascertain the progress made at the onset and peak of the pandemic. In this case study, we have compared these three indices to know which best fits the pandemic. We also elucidated when and how deaths per million can be efficiently utilized during a pandemic to know the most appropriate time to impose lockdowns and other public health measures. This is considering the tendency for lockdowns to affect the psycho-social skills of humans and adversely impact economic activities both locally and globally. This work further provided evidence why the index Deaths Per Million is preferred during a pandemic over case fatality ratio and mortality. This was done using statistics from various countries for one year. These countries were selected based on their population and their peculiar nature.
Optical Chemosensors: Principles, Chemistry, Strategies, and Applications
Authors: Yahya Mohamed , Yaman Müjgan , Seferoğlu Zeynel
Published: September 2022

Chemosensors for anions and cations detections have been extensively used in several disciplines, including pharmacology, environmental science, biology, and chemistry. This field which is a division of supramolecular chemistry has been known for more than 150 years. It deals with chemosensors that recognize and detect anions and cations via optical or electrochemical signals. Today, a sustainable variety of chemosensors are established to detect both anions and cations. Additionally, chemosensors can be used to construct a sensory device and extract, and separate anions and cations. Chemosensors can detect toxic anions such as fluoride and cyanide as well as cations like mercury. Thus, chemosensors have become an attractive area of supramolecular chemistry. This chapter focuses on both colorimetric and fluorometric optical chemosensors and their application for anions and cations detections.
Review of Escherichia Coli Infections of Veterinary Importance
Authors: Fesseha Haben , Asefa Isayas
Published: September 2022

Escherichia coli is a vital pollutant indicator, and pathogenic strains are a serious public health concern. Total coliform bacteria and E. coli count have been known indicators of unsanitary conditions and fecal contamination in food. The most common cause of E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks is the consumption of undercooked beef or other foods contaminated with beef. Such outbreaks are typically identified by a significant increase in illness within a group or community. Common-source outbreaks are typically brief, limited by the quantity and shelf life of the contaminated product(s), and avoidable with proper kitchen hygiene and cooking. Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), which causes diseases in humans, is suspected to be present in chicken products. The zoonotic risk of E. coli from chickens to humans is not fully understood. Food safety concerns with new meat products (for example, meat tenderization and E. coli internalization) as well as the development and evaluation of intervention strategies are some areas that require ongoing research and monitoring. Preventive measures include protecting the food from direct or indirect contamination, using personal hygiene practices, storing processed food in appropriate places and temperatures, checking packaging and storage, well cooking, proper cooling, and keeping cooked food separate from raw food.
Lactobacilli: Application in Food Industry
Authors: Rafique Nagina , Mamoona Turfa , Bashir Saiqa , Hussain Imtiaz , Hayat Imran
Published: September 2022

Lactobacillus is an important class of Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacteria for food industrial applications. The genus Lactobacillus is a potential candidate in fermentation technology for the production of fermented food, feed, and pharmaceutical products. The diverse features of Lactobacilli based on their capability to produce acids, enzymes, bacteriocins by fermenting carbohydrates. Lactobacilli have probiotic potential and therefore applied in dairy [cheese, yoghurt, fermented milk] and nondairy products such as sausages, juices as well as in animal feed in the form of starter culture. Among Lactobacilli, lactic acid-producing bacteria are applied as starter cultures in a variety of fermented foods. Lactobacilli are the natural microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and play a beneficial role against infections. The ability of Lactobacilli to produce bacteriocins and other antifungal compound lead to the development of bioprotective cultures for use in different foods. Bacteriocins has wide applications in food industries for preventing the attack of foodborne pathogens and for manufacturing active packaging materials. This chapter aimed to review significant industrial applications of Lactobacilli with specified strains and also starter cultures with their potential beneficial effects are engrossed. The chapter highlights the commercial applications of Lactobacilli in the food, feed, wine and pharmaceutical industries.
Phosphate Solubilization Improvement for Plant Uptake from Phosphate Rock and Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes Consortium: Impact on Food Security
Authors: Muhammad Bello Zainab , Muhammad Sanusi , Aliyu Aliero Adamu , Rabani Adamou , Aliyu Dabai Ibrahim
Published: September 2022

Poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa is proportionally dependent on soil management. Low crop productivity has been linked to hunger and poverty as soil degradation is undeniably the cause. This chapter gives a general overview from major findings on how microbes could improve phosphate (P) levels in soils by enhancing its solubility. A cross-sectional study was under taken to highlight the role played by phosphate-solubilizing microbes—arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in improving phosphate solubility. About 30–50% of phosphorus is organic which the plants could readily assimilate, while 50–70% is inorganic and inaccessible to plants. There are several mechanisms the plants utilize to optimize nutrient uptake from the root hairs to various parts of the plant to maximize crop production. The utilization of readily available minerals such as phosphate rock is known to play vital role in plant ecology and evolution, in checking drought stress, heavy metal toxicity, nutritional imbalances, plant pathogens, and salinity. Therefore, soil improvement using rock phosphate could potentially act in synergy with the phosphate-solubilizing microbes to boost phosphate levels in the soil. This could be a welcome development in low-income economies in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to boost yield for profit maximization.
Relational Leadership: Advancing Leaders in Higher Education through Mentoring
Authors: K. Massner Chandra , Epling LeAnne , Cade Nancy , Breckenridge Rachel
Published: September 2022

Mentoring plays an essential role in preparing the next generation of higher education leaders. This chapter will examine the role of mentoring on college campuses, describe its impact on faculty and staff growth, and highlight its function in leadership development. A background of mentoring research, including a discussion of its benefits, types, and stages will be shared. The chapter investigates the idea of mentors encouraging colleagues to become leaders through example, shared knowledge, and encouragement. A relational leadership theoretical perspective as it applies to mentoring provides a lens for understanding how mentoring and leadership intersect. Further, the chapter will consider the effect of gender on mentoring and mentoring in higher education. Results from a study conducted about mentoring relationships in higher education, leadership, and gender will be presented.
Die Behandlung der Wortarten in Wörterbüchern zur Lexikographie
Authors: Bielińska Monika
Published: September 2022

The Treatment of Parts of Speech in Dictionaries of Lexicography. The aim of the article is to present and analyse how three dictionaries of lexicography, i.e. Lexicog­raphy. A Dictionary of Basic Terminology (1998) by Igor Burkhanov, Dictionary of Lexicography (2001) by Reinhard R.K. Hartmann and Gregory James and Wörterbuch zur Lexikographie und Wörterbuch­forschung/Dictionary of Lexicography and Dictionary Research (2010–2020) by Herbert Ernst Wiegand et al., treat parts of speech. It is examined whether the entries contain only grammatical or also lexi­cog­raphy-related information. Then, the interconnectedness of the articles on parts of speech and other lexicographic content is scrutinised. Subsequently, entries with lexicography-related infor­mation are examined qualitatively. The article concludes with some general remarks on the description of lexicography-external terms in dictionaries of lexicography. The author postulates that both the part-of-speech articles and all other entries on terms from outside lexicography, e.g. from the field of linguistics, contain lexicographic information. It is not the function of these articles to replace analogous articles from specialised dictionaries on the disciplines concerned, and to offer the same content. In dictionaries on lexicography, lexicography should always be the focus and shape the descriptive perspective. Keywords: lexicography, linguistics, linguistic terminology, lexi­co­graphical terminology, grammar, part of speech, specialised dic­tionary, dictionary of lexicography, dictionary evaluation
A relação entre evasão e empregabilidade mediada pelo desenvolvimento de competências: um estudo de caso sobre o curso de Filosofia da UFMS
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Oseias Freitas de , Dalmau Marcos Baptista Lopez
Published: September 2022

Neste texto, apresenta-se resultados de pesquisa que teve por objetivo verificar em que medida os fatores que influenciam a evasão do curso de graduação em Filosofia na UFMS estão relacionados com a formação e com as competências desenvolvidas. A partir de perspectiva quali-quantitativa, a coleta de dados foi feita por análise bibliográfica, análise documental, questionários e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foram aplicadas 11 entrevistas e 304 questionários com os sujeitos da pesquisa. Entre os resultados obtidos, destacam-se a necessidade de adequação conceitual do PPC às necessidades de um curso de licenciatura noturno; as competências ligadas ao núcleo central do curso são plenamente desenvolvidas, já as ligadas ao ensino são percebidas pelos egressos como deficitárias, o que demonstra ênfase nas disciplinas de pesquisa; o principal fator que motiva a evasão é a conciliação entre trabalho e estudo, aliado a um choque ao entrar em contato com a realidade acadêmica.
Resolução CNE n. 7/2018 e a burocratização da educação superior: apontamentos sobre a diretriz relativa apenas à extensão universitária
Authors: Wociechoski Darlan Pez , Catani Afrânio Mendes
Published: September 2022

Neste artigo, apresenta-se estudo acerca da burocratização da educação superior, no que tange a extensão universitária, pela análise da resolução CNE n. 7/2018 e de outros materiais relacionados à mesma. A resolução CNE n. 7/2018 foi elaborada por docentes ligados à causa extensionista, mas sem uma participação perceptível de representantes estudantis e da sociedade em geral. O conteúdo da resolução está fundamentado numa concepção crítica de extensão, mas existe uma limitação e um caráter burocrático inerentes à mesma: foi regulada a extensão de forma apartada de outros pontos do PNE 2014-2024, como a controlada expansão do acesso aos cursos superiores pela meta 12.
Development of a Standardized Bone Marrow Procedure Training and Competency Toolkit for Advanced Practice Providers in a Large Community Oncology Practice
Authors: Lord, PA-C Katharine , Toth, APRN, FNP-C, AOCNP, AGN-BC Sara , Potter, PA-C Jennifer , Sellers, PA-C Katherine , White, APRN, CNS-AH, ACNP-BC, AOCNP Monica , Neugent, APRN, FNP-C Anne , Martin, APRN, ANP-C, AOCNP, BMTCN, NursEd Tracy
Published: September 2022

Bone marrow procedures are a common diagnostic tool utilized in hematology/oncology and can be completed in the office by trained clinicians. Currently, there are limited guidelines for appropriate training and competency for bone marrow procedures performed by advanced practice providers (APPs) in a community oncology practice setting. The need to create a standardized training and competency protocol for APPs in this setting was recognized. A comprehensive, standardized educational and procedural toolkit was created. The creation of a comprehensive training toolkit for APPs in the community oncology practice setting helps to ensure a high standard of procedural proficiency and consistency among individual providers and practices. The creation of such an extensive toolkit is time consuming. By adopting and standardizing toolkits such as this one, community hematology/oncology practices can ensure the delivery of high-quality patient care by highly trained and proficient APPs.