bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upaya Pemurnian Landfill Biogas Menggunakan Metode Adsroben Steel Wool
Authors: Adhani Muhammad Affan , Caturwati Ni Ketut , Rosyadi Imron
Published: July 2021

Nilai kalor yang dimiliki oleh biogas sangat mempengaruhi lamanya waktu proses pembakaran. Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai kalor yaitu dengan menurunkan kadar zat pengotor yang terkandung bersama biogas. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan upaya peningkatan nilai kalor biogas dengan menggunakan steel wool sebagai adsorben dengan variasi massa steel wool (500 gram dan 600 gram) dan variasi laju aliran biogas (1 lpm, 2 lpm, dan 3 lpm). Peningkatan nilai kalor biogas sebelum dan sesudah  pemurnian ditentukan dengan water heating test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan peningkatan nilai kalor diperoleh pada filter dengan massa adsorben 600 gr dan laju aliran biogas 1 lpm, dimana nilai kalor meningkat sebesar 36.19%.  Sedangkan filter dengan 500 gr steel wool adsroben dan laju aliran biogas 3 lpm, menghasilkan peningkatan nilai kalor terendah yaitu sebesar 4.46%. Hasil eksperimen menunjukan peningkatan nilai kalor semakin tinggi jika laju aliran biogas makin rendah melalui kolom adsorben dengan massa steel wool yang semakin tinggi.
Machine-Learning of Long-Range Sound Propagation Through Simulated Atmospheric Turbulence
Authors: Hart Carl R. , Wilson D. Keith , Pettit Chris L. , Nykaza Edward T.
Published: July 2021

Conventional numerical methods can capture the inherent variability of long-range outdoor sound propagation. However, computational memory and time requirements are high. In contrast, machine-learning models provide very fast predictions. This comes by learning from experimental observations or surrogate data. Yet, it is unknown what type of surrogate data is most suitable for machine-learning. This study used a Crank-Nicholson parabolic equation (CNPE) for generating the surrogate data. The CNPE input data were sampled by the Latin hypercube technique. Two separate datasets comprised 5000 samples of model input. The ﬁrst dataset consisted of transmission loss (TL) ﬁelds for single realizations of turbulence. The second dataset consisted of average TL ﬁelds for 64 realizations of turbulence. Three machine-learning algorithms were applied to each dataset, namely, ensemble decision trees, neural networks, and cluster-weighted models. Observational data come from a long-range (out to 8 km) sound propagation experiment. In comparison to the experimental observations, regression predictions have 5–7 dB in median absolute error. Surrogate data quality depends on an accurate characterization of refractive and scattering conditions. Predictions obtained through a single realization of turbulence agree better with the experimental observations.
EXTRACTION OF BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF KETEPENG CINA (Senna alata L.) LEAFS USING ULTRASONIC AND MACERATION METHODS ON VARIOUS SOLUTION CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: Avif Adnan Nur , Yaqhsa Ardhi Billih
Published: July 2021

Ketepeng cina Senna alata L. is one of the plant species growing in the tropical climate whose leaves have various bioactive components. It has been used as a traditional medicine to treat skin diseases. Ketepeng cina has been cultivated in several regions in Indonesia and the results are exported abroad to be used as medicinal raw materials. So far, the plant extraction process is still using the maceration method. This method is simple but has weaknesses in time consumption making it less efficient. The extraction method by ultrasonic waves promises more efficient extraction process than the maceration method. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in extraction techniques and solvent concentration on the concentration of phytochemical constituents in ketepang cina leaves. The research design used a completely randomized design with two factorial patterns. The first factor was the technique of extracting Ketepeng cina leaves (maceration, ultrasonication), and the second factor was the concentration of solvent/ethanol (40%, 70%, 96%) The observation parameters included analysis of the content of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins. The results showed that the use of the ultrasonication technique provided efficiency in extraction time compared to the maceration technique. The use of 70% ethanol resulted in higher concentrations of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds (28,17 mgGA/g) and (17,61 mgQE/g), but the highest concentration of tannins produced by 96% ethanol solvent was 6,78 mgAT/g.
РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ И ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РАЗРЫВА
Authors: МАРГАРЯН А. , ПИКА А.
Published: July 2021

В статье рассмотрены вопросы модернизации и инновационного развития экономики Армении. Ситуация стремительно меняется с вступлением Армении в Евразийский экономический союз (ЕАЭС). В новом экономическом пространстве открываются возможности для траектории инновационного роста экономики Республики, открываются новые рынки для расширения экспорта из Армении в страны ЕАЭС. Но в тоже время усиливается конкурентная борьба внутри союза и только конкурентные товары смогут попасть в новые рынки. В связи с этим Армении нужна грамотная политика в плане организации конкурентного экспорта. Понимая важность быстрых действий в создании конкурентного экспорта в исследовании подробно изучены проблемы технологического развития Армении в целом. Исследовано международное позиционирование Армении на основе анализа глобального инновационного индекса, которое наглядно показывает на каком технологическом уровне развития находится экономика Республики. Рассмотрены вопросы скорости изменения инновационного развития в терминах бета (β) - и сигма (σ) - конвергенций. Сделаны расчёты с помощью эконометрического моделирования, которые помогли понять скорость технологических изменений в трех пространствах (Евразийский экономический союз, Евросоюз и Союз независимых государств - СНГ). Сделаны значимые выводы, которые помогут действовать адресно в области обеспечения инновационного развития армянской экономики в новой экономической среде.
СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ИНТЕРЕСОВ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕНИИ ИНТЕГРАЦИОННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ
Authors: ЛУЧЕНОК А.
Published: July 2021

В статье изложены теоретические подходы к определению сущности национальных интересов на основе агрегирования потребностей социальных макрогрупп. Определена роль формальных и неформальных институтов при проведении интеграционной политики и механизмы их воздействия на реализацию национальных интересов, выявлено влияние национальных элит на формирование государственных и национальных интересов. Определены границы интеграционных процессов исходя из интересов социальных макрогрупп.
ТАРИФЫ НА ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИЮ ДЛЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ: ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ (ПОРТУГАЛИЯ)
Authors: ГОЛУБОВА Н.
Published: July 2021

Ценообразование тарифов на электроэнергию для населения является вопросом первостепенной важности для любого государства. Республика Беларусь находится в стадии перехода к экономически обоснованным тарифам. В статье изложен опыт Португалии, как государства, давно
начавшего процесс интеграции энергетических рынков и перехода на свободные тарифы, который имеет ряд особенностей и подлежит исследованию на предмет техник и методологий.
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЕ В ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОМ КАПИТАЛЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ
Authors: БОБРОВА А. , ПЕТРАКОВА Ю. , ЩЕРБИНА Н.
Published: July 2021

В статье дана оценка полученным достижениям и существующим проблемам, предложены направления совершенствования сферы образования и здравоохранения
ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА РЕГИОНА В МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ СРЕДЕ ДИФФУЗИИ ИННОВАЦИЙ
Authors: ПАВЛЫШ Э.
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена выявлению ключевых детерминант инновационного потенциала региона с учётом его места в региональном пространстве страны и позиций страны в международной среде диффузии инноваций. Систематизированы основные элементы существующих моделей повышения инновационного потенциала, предложено структурирование международной среды диффузии инноваций. Дана классификация регионов стран в зависимости от их отношения к международной среде диффузии инноваций и возможной роли в формировании инновационного потенциала страны.
ТРУДОВОЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ТРУДОМ В ТЕКСТИЛЬНОЙ И ШВЕЙНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ КАК ОБЪЕКТЫ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
Authors: СЕРГИЕВИЧ Т.
Published: July 2021

На основании рассмотренных в статье ключевых подходов к категории «трудовой потенциал» и основных направлений исследования управления трудом даны определения понятий «трудовой потенциал текстильной и швейной промышленности», «управление трудом в текстильной и швейной промышленности». Выделены основные риски для отрасли и факторы, обуславливающие ее экономический рост.
СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ, ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ТРУДОВОЙ МОТИВАЦИИ В НОВЫХ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ В БЕЛАРУСИ
Authors: СОЛОДОВНИКОВ С.
Published: July 2021

Установлены и раскрыты социально-экономические факторы, обусловливающие изменение системы трудовой мотивации в новых социально-экономических и технологических условиях. Содержательно охарактеризованы предпосылки, причины и условия эволюции трудовой мотивации в новых условиях хозяйствования. белорусского государства.
МОНОПОЛИЗАЦИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ КАК СПОСОБ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ УЧАСТИЯ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ КОНКУРЕНЦИИ
Authors: КОРОТКЕВИЧ А. , АББАС РХАИФ АЛЬ-ХАМЗАВИ
Published: July 2021

В статье обоснована необходимость монополизация экономики как способа повышения эффективности участия в международной конкуренции. Рассматривается возможность создания условий, когда национальные монополии могут стать основными двигателями инновационного развития экономики и источниками валютных поступлений в Республику Беларусь.
Palladium/N-CD3-Xu-Phos-catalyzed enantioselective cascade Heck/remote C(sp2)−H alkylation reaction
Authors: Xu Bing , Ji Danting , Zhou Lizuo , Zhou Lujia , Liu Yu , Zhang Zhang-Ming , Zhang Junliang
Published: July 2021

Heck-type C-H bond activation of unactivated alkenes has emerged as a powerful strategy for the construction of synthetically valuable spirocycles over past 30 years, however, the development of asymmetric version has lagged largely behind. Herein we demonstrate a robust Heck-type reaction of a broad range of unactivated alkenes enabled by the first palladium/Xu-Phos-catalyzed tandem Heck/remote C−H bond alkylation. Moreover, the synthesis of both enantiomers of the product using the same enantiomer of a chiral ligand via a position of the phenyl ring-dependent enantiodivergent synthesis. The salient features of this methodology include operational simplicity, high chemo- and enantioselectivity, broad substrate scope. In addition, we first revealed that the C(sp2)-H activation, alkene insertion and C−I reductive elimination steps are reversible by experiments.
Differentiated Instruction in Chinese Primary and Secondary Schools: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bi Meijie , Struyven Katrien , Zhu Change
Published: July 2021

This study aims to probe into the concepts and use of differentiated instruction (DI) in Chinese primary and secondary schools by means of a systematic literature review from 1995 to 2019. Outcomes are presented in the form of thematic overview. Findings report that Chinese national conditions contributed to DI’ s definitions and theoretical basis from historical and realistic perspectives. Then, the selected articles show that Chinese teachers from primary and secondary schools are aware of the importance of student diversity, such as interests, learning style and abilities. Moreover, teachers can organize many teaching methods, like flexible grouping and collaborative learning, to build DI classrooms for satisfying various needs of learners. Results also point out DI’ s positive effect on students’ achievement, but Chinese large class size and teacher incapability are the main obstacles to the implementation of DI.
Blockchain for Colombian Organic Coffee Traceability on Hyperledger
Authors: Díaz Rafael E. Bettín , Rojas Alix E , Moncayo Camilo Mejía
Published: July 2021

This paper examines the process of implementing a Blockchain on a supply chain study case using Hyperledger. The objective of this research is to understand how to implement Blockchain technology into a business process like the supply chain. This document explains from the study case of Colombian organic coffee to develop a proof-of-concept of the technology and how establish its feasibility, isolate technical issues, and provide feedback. With the recent interest of adopting Blockchain to leverage business process capabilities, the results of this implementation show it is possible to trace product origin using Blockchain, as well they also reveal challenges that need to be addressed. This paper analyses the process used in the coffee production supply chain, the technological architecture proposed to support this scope, and a proposal to store the data into the Blockchain.
Breastfeeding and Child Oral Health Promotion: Perspectives of Nursing Mothers and Dentists
Authors: Cardozo Pedro Igor , FORTE FRANKLIN DELANO SOARES , Batiston Adriane Pires
Published: July 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the knowledge and practices of dentists regarding breastfeeding as a strategy for promoting children's oral health. It also aimed to investigate how nursing mothers perceive the participation of dentists in actions to promote and support breastfeeding. Methods: this study employed a mixed methodological approach. During the quantitative phase, 91 dentists of the Family Health Strategy answered an electronic questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. For the qualitative investigation, were interviewed 21 nursing mothers. These interviews were examined through content analysis, and the results were interpreted from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Results: Among dentists, 81.3% agreed that they are aware of the implications of breastfeeding for the child's oral health and reported 72.8% advising mothers and pregnant women about its benefits. Ambivalent social norms and weaknesses related to actions promoting and supporting breastfeeding emerged in the speeches of nursing mothers, and unfamiliarity about the benefits of this practice for children's oral health. Conclusions: Dentists recognize the benefits of breastfeeding for children's oral health. On the other hand, the nursing mothers pointed out barriers, exposed weaknesses, and signaled necessary conjunction of efforts to improve maternal and child care quality.
Brain Functional Specialization and Cooperation in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Sun Jinmei , Gao Xiaoran , Hua Qiang , Du Rongrong , Liu Pingping , Liu Tingting , Yang Jinying , Qiu Bensheng , JI Gong-Jun , Hu Panpan , Wang Kai
Published: July 2021

Background: Cerebral specialization and inter-hemispheric cooperation are two of the most prominent functional architectures of the human brain. Their dysfunctions may be related to pathophysiological changes in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), who are characterized by unbalanced onset and progression of motor symptoms. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the two intrinsic architectures of hemispheric functions in PD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.Methods: Seventy idiopathic PD patients and 70 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy subjects were recruited. All participants underwent magnetic resonance image scanning and clinical evaluations. The cerebral specialization (Autonomy index, AI) and inter-hemispheric cooperation (Connectivity between Functionally Homotopic voxels, CFH) were calculated and compared between groups. Results: Compared with healthy controls, PD patients showed stronger AI in the left angular gyrus. Specifically, this difference in specialization resulted from increased functional connectivity (FC) of the ipsilateral areas (e.g., the left prefrontal area), and decreased FC in the contralateral area (e.g., the right supramarginal gyrus). Imaging-cognitive correlation analysis indicated that these connectivity were positively related to the score of Montreal Cognitive Assessment in PD patients. CFH between the bilateral sensorimotor regions was significantly decreased in PD patients compared with controls. No significant correlation between CFH and cognitive scores was found in PD patients.Conclusions: This study illustrated a strong leftward specialization but weak inter-hemispheric coordination in PD patients. It provided new insights to further clarify the pathological mechanism of PD.
Variability and Trend Analysis of Temperature, Rainfall and Characteristics of Crop Growth Season in Eastern Zone of Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Berhe Amdom Gebremedhin , Misgna Solomon Habtu , Abraha Girmay Gebre-Samuel , Abraha Amanuel Zenebe
Published: July 2021

To favour farmers and adjusting their farming practices, long term weather analyses is essential to determine future directions and making adjustments required to existing systems. The main purpose of this study was thus to analyze the variability and trends of climatic variables (temperature and rainfall) and characteristics of crop growth season in Eastern zone of Tigray region for the period of 1980–2009. Detail investigations were carried out using parametric (Linear regression) and non-parametric tests (Mankendall and Sen’s slope estimator). Moreover, homogeneity test was applied using a method developed by Van Belle and Hughes for the general trend analysis. Furthermore, the trend of rainfall end to characterize crop growth season using R-Instat and XLSTAT software. It was found that the general trend of monthly rainfall experienced an overall significant increasing trend. The seasonal rainfall experienced significantly increasing trend during the summer rainy season (June–September) whilst a significant decreasing trend occurred in the short rainy season (February–May). Likewise, the seasonal maximum temperature trends exhibited a significant increasing trend in all seasons whereas the minimum temperature showed inhomogeneous trend across seasons as well as stations. Despite significant increase of rainfall in summer season, the trend of growing season characteristics (onset, cessation, length of growing period and dry spell length) did not change significantly over the study period. However, the variability of rainfall and dry spell length was found to be very large. Hence, crop production in the study area demands appropriate adaptation strategies that considers the erratic nature of the rainfall, the long dry spell length in the season and increasing trends of temperature.
A High Flatness Gain Subsisting of Cascaded EDFA-TDFA Hybrid Optical Amplifier For Super Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing System
Authors: kumar Prof.Chakresh , Kumar Ghanendra
Published: July 2021

Flat gain with least noise figure (NF) is the backbone feature of super dense wavelength division multiplexing (SD-WDM) system. It indicates the good amplification in terms of high-quality factor, lowest bit error rate, and good rating output power. But in this paper, we have mainly focused on characteristics of proposed EDFA-TDFA hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) in terms of flat gain and noise figure for C-Band. Evaluation has done for 400 x 2.455 Gb/s SD-WDM system with channel spacing of 0.8 nm. Moreover, effect of proposed HOA also observed with displacement of channel wavelength for evaluating the impact of different set of HOA for analysis the same characteristics.
Behavioural Response in an Asilid Fly: Influence of Ecological and Environmental Factors on Spatial Density Dependence
Authors: CASTELO MARCELA K. , CRESPO JOSÉ E.
Published: July 2021

Behavioural response of a parasitoid shows the effect on host parasitism patterns at a given host distribution resulting in an increase or decrease of parasitism intensity according to local host densities. This relationship could be proportional, positive, or negative, as a consequence of foraging of parasitoids searching for hosts. Mallophora ruficauda is a fly parasitoid of Cyclocephala signaticollis scarab beetle larvae and a predator of honeybees. Females search and place egg-clusters overground in open grasslands near beehives. Larvae actively searching for host underground following chemical cues arising from the host itself. The parasitism pattern is a result of this complex host-searching strategy which is shared between both stages of the fly. In this work we carried out a study at four spatial scales in apiaries located in the Pampas region of Argentina. We found that parasitism is inverse density-dependent at high female activity and direct density-dependent at low female activity at the larger spatial scale. We found a direct density dependent pattern associated to substrate height at intermediate spatial scale that is lost when the habitat has abundant oviposition substrates. Conversely, parasitism is inversely density-dependent at both smaller spatial scales, associated to oviposition substrate distance and saturation of healthy host by larvae attacking. Additionally, M. ruficauda does not select the oviposition substrates according to the abundance of Cyclocephala signaticollis inhabiting underground. This work shows the importance of a proper scale for analysis of factors that influence population dynamics and how environmental characteristics mould parasitism patterns in this dipteran parasitoid.
HELQ is a dual function DSB repair enzyme modulated by RPA and RAD51
Authors: Boulton Simon , Anand Roopesh , Buechelmaier Erika , Belan Ondrej , Newton Matt , Vancevska Aleksandra , Kaczmarczyk Artur , Rueda David , Powell Simon
Published: July 2021

DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are deleterious lesions, and their incorrect repair can drive cancer development1. HELQ is a superfamily 2 helicase with 3’ to 5’ polarity, whose disruption in mice confers germ cells loss, infertility and increased predisposition to ovarian and pituitary tumours2-4. At the cellular level, defects in HELQ result in hypersensitivity to cisplatin and mitomycin C and, persistence of RAD51 foci upon DNA damage3,5. Notably, HELQ binds to RPA and the RAD51 paralog BCDX2 complex but the relevance of these interactions and how HELQ functions in DSB repair remains unclear3,5,6. Here, we report that HELQ helicase activity and a previously unappreciated DNA strand annealing function are differentially regulated by RPA and RAD51. Using biochemistry and single-molecule imaging (SMI), we establish that RAD51 forms a co-complex with and strongly stimulates HELQ as it translocates during DNA unwinding. Conversely, RPA inhibits DNA unwinding by HELQ but strongly stimulates DNA strand annealing. Mechanistically, we show that HELQ possesses an intrinsic ability to capture RPA-bound DNA strands and then displace RPA to facilitate annealing of complementary strands. Finally, we show that HELQ deficiency in cells compromises single-strand annealing (SSA) and microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) pathways and increases long-tract gene conversion tracts (LTGC) during homologous recombination. Thus, our results implicate HELQ in multiple arms of DSB repair by virtue of co-factor dependent modulation of intrinsic translocase and DNA strand annealing activities.
Dysphagia Therapy in Adults with a Tracheostomy: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Kadri Waiza , Halfpenny Rhiannon , Whiten Breege , Smith Christina , Mulkerrin Siofra
Published: July 2021

Background Swallowing impairment (dysphagia) and tracheostomy coexist. Research in this area has often provided an overview of dysphagia management as a whole, but there is limited information pertaining to specific dysphagia therapy in the tracheostomy population. The aim of this scoping review is to provide detailed exploration of the literature with regards to dysphagia therapeutic interventions in adults with a tracheostomy. The scoping review will describe current evidence and thus facilitate future discussions to guide clinical practice.Methods A scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guideline will be used. Ten electronic databases from inception to July 2021and grey literature will be searched. From identified texts forward and backward citation chasing will be completed. Data extraction will compose of population demographics, aetiology and dysphagia therapy (type, design, dose and intensity). Number of citations and papers included into the scoping review will be presented visually.Discussion The scoping review aims to expand upon the existing literature in this field. A detailed description of the evidence is required to facilitate clinical discussions and develop therapeutic protocols in a tracheostomised population. The results of this scoping review will support future research in dysphagia therapy and provide the basis for development of best practice guidelines.
Spatial profiling of microbial communities by sequential FISH with error-robust encoding
Authors: Dai Lei , Cao Zhaohui , Zuo Wenlong , Wang Lanxiang , Chen Junyu , Qu Zepeng , Jin Fan
Published: July 2021

Spatial analysis of microbiomes at single cell resolution with high multiplexity and accuracy has remained challenging. Here we present spatial profiling of a microbiome using sequential error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (SEER-FISH), a highly multiplexed and accurate imaging method that allows mapping of microbial communities at micron-scale. We show that multiplexity of RNA profiling in microbiomes can be increased significantly by sequential rounds of probe hybridization and dissociation. Combined with error-correction strategies, we demonstrate that SEER-FISH enables accurate taxonomic identification in complex microbial communities. Using microbial communities composed of diverse bacterial taxa isolated from plant rhizospheres, we show that SEER-FISH can quantify the abundance of each taxon and map microbial biogeography on roots. SEER-FISH provides an unprecedented method for profiling the spatial ecology of complex microbial communities in situ.
Predicting Crowd Intensity Based on Statistics of Mobile Signal Analysis in Smart City Using Heatmap Layer by Fuzzy Inference and Deep Learning.
Authors: jayabaskar Revathy , k SELVAKUMAR
Published: July 2021

Wireless networks the mobile user to establish a wireless connection with the central server in the fixed network. On-line activities such as transaction and querying information can be conducted by mobile user. Mobile user queries are location dependent in mobile environment. Mobile user wants to move to hospital or hypermarket, before moving to the location, mobile user wants to know the crowd at the destination , Based on the number of people present, the mobile user can choose to go to another branch. At present a mobile user cannot get the details about the crowd in the particular location. Recent researches are the vehicle tracking, taxi services, road traffic and location-based queries. A proposed research idea is to identify the number of people present in a given area in a city. We use the Heatmap layer tool to find out the crowd intensity. Heatmap layer will indicate crowd intensity of a particular area, Heatmap layer show the color on the map, red colour in the particular location is represent about high intensity of crowd and the green colour is represent lower intensity of crowd, Heatmap shows crowd intensity through mobile signal, more people present more mobile signal in that location. In our research proposal ,we calculate the people crowd using deep learning algorithm. This research application can be used in smart city for the school fees payment , Ministry office , hospital (out Patient not to wait more time in hospital) , hypermarket and cinema theater. Numerical method is obtained by using the fuzzy inference model.
Religion and Gender Behavior: Understanding Variations in Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Farmers
Authors: Yusuf Kayode Abel , Awoniyi Adedayo Michael , Dada Olarewaju A. , Mariam Aremu B.
Published: July 2021

Urinary schistosomiasis is a chronic disease that is widely spread among the poor. It is caused by blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma, and transmitted to humans through water related activities by way of skin penetration. The infection is rarely fatal, however, it could impact on economic and health situations of infected individual often leading to learning disabilities and poor work productivity. We evaluated the prevalence level and dissimilarity of endemicity of urinary schistosomiasis among farmers in Shonga, a rural community in Edu Local Government Area (LGA) of Kwara State, Nigeria. Prior to the initiation of sample collection, we sought permission from the community head (Emir), followed by community awareness creation among head of farmers association, religious leaders and women leaders. Subsequently, we collected 121 urine samples from the consenting farmers and examined specimens for the presence of S. haematobium eggs using filtration techniques. Urinary schistosomiasis was endemic and dissimilar among the examined farmers, with 56(46.3%) out of the 121 examined specimens positive. Grouping farming type by religion, yam farmers were significantly different from the sugar cane farmers, but there was no statistical difference among Muslim and Christian farmers even though there was higher infection rate (50.7%) among the Muslim farmers than their Christian counterparts (40%). Conversely, classifying farming type by gender, vegetable farmers were significantly different from sugar cane farmers while female farmers were also statistically more infected than their male counterparts. This study shows that urinary schistosomiasis is endemic among farmers in Shonga, with significant variations in farming type and gender. Therefore, this finding will provide necessary guidance in allocating limited public health interventions among endemic groups to ensure such are delivered to the categories that require it most.
A flexible micro-thermoelectric device from carbon nanotube-epitaxially grown (Bi,Sb)2Te3 nanocrystal
Authors: Jin Qun , Zhao Yang , Long Xuehao , Jiang Song , Wang Ziqiang , Mao Pengyan , Li Xiaoqi , Cui Kan , Qiu Jianhang , Wan Ye , Tai Kaiping , Gao Ning , Tan Jun , Liu Chang , Cheng Hui-Ming
Published: July 2021

Flexible thermoelectric (TE) materials have attracted increasing interest due to their potential applications in energy harvesting and high-spatial-resolution thermal management. However, a high-performance flexible micro-TE device (TED) compatible with the modern electronics fabrication process has not yet been developed. Here we report a general van der Waals epitaxial growth approach to fabricating a freestanding and flexible hybrid comprised of single-wall carbon nanotubes and highly ordered (Bi,Sb)2Te3 nanocrystals. High power factors ranging from ~1,680 to ~1,020 µW m−1 K−2 in the temperature range of 300-480 K, combined with a strongly depressed thermal conductivity yield an average figure of merit of ~0.81. A prototype flexible micro-TED module consisting of two p-n hybrids was then fabricated, which demonstrated an unprecedented open circuit voltage of ~22.7 mV and a power density of ~0.36 W cm−2 under a ~30 K temperature difference, and a net cooling temperature of ~22.4 K and a heat absorption density of ~92.5 W cm−2.
Analysis of The Correction Capability of Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Approach to Improving The Lenke-Silva Classification in First-Stage MIS Adult Spinal Deformity Corrections
Authors: Shaw Leo , Lin Yu-Tsung , Wu Yun-Che , Shih Cheng-Min , Pan Chien-Chou , Chen Kun-Hui , Lee Cheng-Hung
Published: July 2021

BackgroundA two-stage minimally invasive surgery (MIS) protocol with oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) combined with posterior instrumentation is becoming popular in the treatment of adult spinal deformities (ASDs) because of lower complication rates and less blood loss when compared with the open traditional posterior approach. The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of correction and the causes of suboptimal correction in two-stage OLIF.MethodsThis retrospective study included 27 patients who underwent both two-stage and single-stage OLIF with posterior instrumentation for treatment of ASD. Patients treated with two-stage OLIF were sorted into Group A (Improved Lenke-Silva classification after the first-stage OLIF) and Group B (Unchanged Lenke-Silva classification after the first-stage operation) to evaluate the correction efficacy of OLIF in a two-stage MIS protocol. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes. The causes of complications and suboptimal corrections (Group B) in patients treated with the two-stage MIS protocol were analyzed.ResultsAll 27 patient patients showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) in the visual analog scale, the Oswestry Disability Index, and EuroQol. A total of 14 patient were treated with the two-stage protocol, with ten patients included in group A and four patients with insufficient correction angles included in group B. The radiographic outcome of Group A showed significant corrections (P < 0.05) in pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) mismatch, sagittal vertical axis, and max Cobb angles. In group B, surgical limitations of OLIF were the cause of unsatisfactory correction in two patients because the deformities involved the T-L junction, which was not accessible using the approach. Severe preoperative PI-LL mismatch (41°) and cage subsidence with an anterior endplate fracture were the cause of poor correction in two other patients.ConclusionOLIF can provide significant corrections that reduce the need for a Smith-Petersen osteotomy (SPO) or a pedicular subtraction osteotomy (PSO) for additional correction during posterior instrumentation. Deformities involving the T-spine or T-L junction, severe PI-LL mismatches, and cage subsidence are the possible causes of suboptimal corrections with OLIF using the two-stage protocol.
Green dielectric solids using PLA and luffa fiber modified by the medical linear accelerator
Authors: Dalai Sonismita , Parida Chhatrapati
Published: July 2021

Biodegradable electronic devices are presently in command in various sectors mainly in the health care system. The present work comprehends the dielectric properties of biodegradable composites made from biodegradable polymer poly (lactic) acid (PLA) and natural fiber of luffa cylindrical (LC) fabricated using micro compounding and injection molding. LC fibers are agricultural waste, rich in cellulose.LC fibers were exposed to a 6 MeV electron beam of doses 0.5Gy, 1.0Gy, 2.0Gy, 4.0Gy, and 10.0 Gy generated from a medical linear accelerator(LINAC) in presence of air. Such low doses are normally used for the treatment of cancer patients and not for modifying polymers where doses in the range of 20-200KGy are used. The effect of such low irradiation dose on fiber and study if any significant changes taking place is the innovative aspect of the present work. The effects of irradiation dose on dielectric constant and ac conductivity were investigated at different temperatures 260C, 40oC, 60oC, and 80oC while keeping the frequency constant. The increase in dielectric constant from 57 in virgin PLA at 260C,500Hz to a maximum of 84 in the composite sample due to reinforcement of low dose irradiated LC fibers recording a 49% increase is an important result of the investigation.
The Prevalence of Suspected Child Abuse in Children With Constipation: A Case-control Study
Authors: Vriesman Mana , Bosschaart Thekla F. Vrolijk , Brilleslijper-Kater Sonja N. , Teeuw Arianne H. , Lindauer Ramón J.L. , Lee Johanna H. van der , Benninga Marc A.
Published: July 2021

A possible association between child abuse and neglect (CAN) and functional constipation (FC) has been described in adults, however, limited data are available in children. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of suspected child abuse and neglect (CAN) in children with functional constipation (FC) as compared to their healthy peers.A case-control study was carried out in children aged 3-10 years. Children with FC were recruited at a tertiary outpatient clinic, and healthy controls were recruited at schools. Parents were asked to fill out questionnaires about the history and behavior of their child, children were inquired using a semi-structured interview about experienced traumatic events and sexual knowledge. The interview was scored by two independent observers. The prevalence of suspected CAN was determined according to the questionnaires and interview. In total, 228 children with FC and 153 healthy controls were included. Both groups were age and gender comparable (50% females, median age 6 years (NS)). Significantly more parents of children with FC had a low education level as compared to parents of healthy controls (66.2% vs. 32.7%, p<0.001). No significant difference in the prevalence of suspected CAN was found between children with FC and healthy controls (23.3% vs. 30.1%, 95% CI 0.44-1.12, p=0.14), including a suspicion of sexual, emotional and physical abuse. Conclusion: Suspected CAN was detected in both children with FC as in healthy controls. The possible association between CAN and FC in children could not be confirmed.
Effect of COVID-19-related Interruption of Visiting Dental Services on Pneumonia in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Ito Kayoko , Ochiai Yuto , Ashiga Hirokazu , Hayashi Hirokazu , Iizumi Tomoko , Suzuki Taku , Michimi Noboru , Hanagata Tetsuo , Kulvanich Sirima , Nagoya Kouta , Watanabe Masahiro , Magara Jin , Tsujimura Takanori , Inoue Makoto
Published: July 2021

Background :The occurrence of pneumonia is strongly associated with oral health in older people. The study aim was to clarify the effect of the suspension of visiting dental services on the occurrence of pneumoniaduring thecoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods :A self-administered postal questionnaire survey was conducted in 215 nursing homes in Japan. The questionnaire assessed the provision of visiting dental services and the interruption of theseservices following COVID-19emergency restrictions. Pneumonia, hospitalization, and mortality rates were examinedfor January–June 2019 and January–June 2020. Results :Of facilities receiving visiting dental services, 37.7%had interruptions tothoseservices. Overall, pneumonia, hospitalization, and mortality rates were lower in 2020 compared with 2019.In those facilities with nointerruptions, rates were significantly lower in 2020 compared with 2019,whereasthere was no significant difference between 2019 and 2020 in facilities with interruptions.Conclusion :Continuous dental services in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic led to lower rates of pneumonia, hospitalization, and mortality.
Dying From Or With SARS-CoV-2 – Prospective Postmortem Evaluation of 735 Consecutive Death Cases –
Authors: Fitzek Antonia , Schädler Julia , Dietz Eric , Ron Alexandra , Gerling Moritz , Kammal Anna Lena , Lohner Larissa , Falck Carla , Möbius Dustin , Goebels Hanna , Gerberding Anna Lina , Schröder Ann Sophie , Sperhake Jan-Peter , Klein Anke , Fröb Daniela , Mushumba Herbert , Wilmes Sandra , Anders Sven , Kniep Inga , Heinrich Fabian , Langenwalder Felicitas , Meißner Kira , Lange Philine , Zapf Antonia , Püschel Klaus , Heinemann Axel , Glatzel Markus , Matschke Jakob , Aepfelbacher Martin , Lütgehetmann Marc , Steurer Stefan , Torns Christoph , Edler Carolin , Ondruschka Benjamin
Published: July 2021

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic with significant mortality. Accurate information on the specific circumstances of death and whether patients died from or with SARS-CoV-2 is scarce.MethodsTo distinguish COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 deaths, we performed a systematic review of 735 SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths in Hamburg, Germany, from March to December 2020, using conventional autopsy, ultrasound-guided minimally invasive autopsy, postmortem computed tomography and medical records. Statistical analyses including multiple logistic regression were used to compare both cohorts.Findings84.1% (n=618) were classified as COVID-19 deaths, 6.4% (n=47) as non-COVID-19 deaths, 9.5% (n=70) remained unclear. Median age of COVID-19 deaths was 83.0 years, 54.4% were male. In the autopsy group (n=283), the majority died of pneumonia and/or diffuse alveolar damage (73.6%; n=187). Thromboses were found in 39.2% (n=62/158 cases), pulmonary embolism in 22.1% (n=56/253 cases). In 2020, annual mortality in Hamburg was about 5.5% higher than in the previous 20 years, of which 3.4% (n=618) represented COVID-19 deaths.InterpretationOur study highlights the need for mortality surveillance and postmortem examinations. The vast majority of individuals who died directly from SARS-CoV-2 infection were of advanced age and had multiple comorbidities.
Mitochondria Tether to Focal Adhesions During Cell Migration and Regulate Their Size.
Authors: Daniel Redaet , Bilodeau Patricia , Mengeta Abebech , Yang Kimmy , Lee Jonathan M.
Published: July 2021

Focal Adhesions (FA) couple the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix through transmembrane integrin receptors. FA assembly and disassembly regulate cell migration by controlling substrate interaction and the generation of intracellular contractile forces. Here we show that FA interact with mitochondria. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that are now emerging as regulators of mammalian cell motility. We find that mitochondria infiltrate the leading edge of NIH3T3 fibroblasts during migration and tether to FA there. Importantly, we find that FA interacting with mitochondria are larger than those lacking mitochondrial interaction. In addition, inhibition of mitochondrial ATP generation reduces FA size and artificial tethering of FA to mitochondria concomitantly increases their size. Taken together this suggests that mitochondrial interaction with FA is a functional part of cell migration and adhesion.
Characteristics analysis of Segmental and Regional Lumbar Spontaneous Compensation Post Selective Thoracic Fusion in Lenke 1 and 2 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Chen Kai , Zhai Xiao , Zhou Tianjunke , Deng Yu , Chen Shaofeng , Yang Changwei , Li Ming
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of compensation of unfused lumbar region post selective thoracic fusion in Lenke 1 and 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis BackgroundPreserving lumbar mobility in the compensation is significant in controlling pain and maintaining its functions. The spontaneous correction of the distal unfused lumbar curve after STF has been widely reported, but previous study has not concentrated on the characteristics of compensation of unfused lumbar region post selective thoracic fusion.MethodA total of 51 Lenke 1 and2 AIS patients were included, whose lowest instrumented vertebrae was L1 from January 2013 to December 2019. For further analysis, demographic data and coronal radiographic films were collected before surgery, at immediate erect postoperatively and final follow-up. The wedge angles of each unfused distal lumbar segments were measured, and the variations in each disc segment were calculated at the immediate postoperative review and final follow-up. Meanwhile, the unfused lumbar curve was divided into upper and lower parts, and calculated their curve angles and compensations.ResultsThe current study enrolled 41 females (80.4%) and 10 males (19.6%). 36 patients were Lenke type 1, while 15 patients were Lenke type 2. The average main thoracic Cobb angle and thoracolumbar/lumbar Cobb angle were 44.1±7.7°and 24.1±9.3°, preoperatively. At the final follow-up, the disc wedge angle variation of L1/2, L2/3, L3/4, L4/5 and L5/S1 was 3.84±5.96°, 3.09±4.54°, 2.30±4.53°, -0.12±3.89° and -1.36±2.80°, respectively. The compensation of upper and lower coronal lumbar curves at final follow-up were 9.22±10.39° and -1.49±5.14°, respectively.ConclusionWhen choosing L1 as the lowest instrumented vertebrae, the distal unfused lumbar segments' compensation showed a decreasing trend from the proximal end to the distal end. The adjacent L1/2 and L2/3 discs significantly contributed to this compensation.
Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of the Extremity and Trunk: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 166 Cases in a Large Institution
Authors: Zhang Shuguang , Zhang Xinxin , Zhao Zhenguo , Xu Libin , Xu Songfeng , Liu Ting , Yu Shengji
Published: July 2021

Background：An imperative need for better management strategies to improve the survival in patients with Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS). Methods: The retrospective analysis of clinicopathological data of 166 UPS patients, who have undergone surgical treatment in our hospital, was carried out from January 2005 to January 2018. Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier method were employed to identify the relevant factors affecting the rate of local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis (DM), and overall survival (OS) via univariate and multivariate analysis. The P-values > 0.05 were found to be statistically considerable. Results: At the end of follow-up, the rate of LR, DM and OS in 166 UPS patients was 22.9% (38/166), 32.5%（54/166）and 75.3% (125/166) with a median follow-up time of 55 months. The existing study reveals that the UPS in trunk and R1/R2 resection margin are the prognostic markers of poor survival rate. Women are more susceptible to LR, and R1/R2 resection margin is significantly correlated with a high rate of LR. Old Patients (> 60 years), the UPS in trunk and R1/R2 resection margin are susceptible to DM. Conclusion: R0 resection margin was an only independent favorable prognostic factor, which was correlated with LRFS, DMFS, and OS.
Effects on Plant Hormone levels at Different Growth Stages in Diverse Grape Organs with Root Restriction
Authors: Li Jiajia , Li Dongmei , Liu Boyang , Wang Ruiqi , Yan Yixuan , Li Guanhan , Wang Lei , Ma Chao , Xu Wenping , Zhao Liping , Li Xiangyi , Wang Shiping
Published: July 2021

Endogenous plant hormones play important roles in germination, blossom, senescence, abscission of plants by a series of signal transduction and molecular regulation. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of root restriction (RR) cultivation on plant hormones variation tendency at different growth stages in diverse organs or tissues, ‘Muscat Hamburg’ (Vitis ‘Muscat of Alexandria’ × Vitis ‘Trollinger’) grapevine was used as test material. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify hormone levels, aiming to investigate the influence of root restriction on the formation and transportation of plant hormones. The results revealed that RR treatment increased abscisic acid, salicylic acid, zeatin riboside, N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)-adenine nucleoside concentrations, while reduced auxin, 3-indolepropionic acid, 3-indolebutyric acid, gibberellin A3, zeatin, N6-(delta 2-Isopentenyl)-adenine, kinetin, jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate concentrations. To sum up, our results suggested that RR treatment could initiate stress responses via up-regulating abscisic acid and salicylic acid contents while down-regulating auxin and kinetin contents, resulting in the changes of fruit appearance and improvement of berry quality.