bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, X-ray Crystal Structure, Anticancer, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, DFT, TD-DFT, ADMET, and Molecular Docking of 3-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-h]-13,4-thiaza-11-crown-4
Authors: Lazrak Fatima , Lahmidi Sanae , Anouar El Hassane , Alanazi Mohammed M. , Alanazi Ashwag S. , Essassi El Mokhtar , Mague Joel T.
Published: April 2023

In this work, we describe the synthesis of new macrocycles derived from 3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione 1 in a heterogeneous medium using liquid–solid phase transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions. The structures of the two compounds (3 and 4) isolated were elucidated based on spectral data (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR) and confirmed in the case of 3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolo [3,4-h]-13,4--thiaza-11-crown-4 (3) by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the experimental spectral and the X-ray geometrical parameters were compared with their corresponding predicted ones obtained at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The intercontacts between crystal units were investigated through Hirshfeld surface analysis. The drug-like macrocycles were predicted using ADMET and drug-likeness properties, which showed that 3 may act as an inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). This assumption was confirmed by the well-binding fitting of 3 into the binding site of DNA-PK and the formation of a stable 3-DNA-PK complex with a binding energy of −7 kcal-mol−1. Finally, the anticancer activity of 3 was assessed by an MTT assay against A549 cells, which showed that 3 has moderate anticancer activity compared to that of the doxorubicin reference drug.
Valorization of Pumpkin Peel as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: Optimization of Heat- and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
Authors: Leichtweis Maria G. , Molina Adriana K. , Petropoulos Spyridon A. , Carocho Márcio , Pires Tânia C. S. P. , Dias Maria Inês , Calhelha Ricardo , Oliveira M. Beatriz P. P. , Pereira Carla , Barros Lillian
Published: April 2023

The peels from three pumpkin genotypes cultivated in Greece were assessed for their phenolic content and bioactive properties to obtain extracts with a high preservative capacity. The optimization of the extraction was performed through response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box–Behnken experimental design after applying two extraction techniques: heat-assisted (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted (UAE) extraction. The implemented independent variables were time, solvent concentration, and temperature/power (for HAE/UAE), while as dependent variables the dry residue (DR), reducing power (RP), and total phenolic content (TP) were considered. In general, HAE was the most effective technique for ‘TL’ (75 min; 30 °C; 24% ethanol) and ‘Voutirato’ (15 min; 30 °C; 10% ethanol), while UAE was more effective for ‘Leuka Melitis’ (5 min; 400 W; 0% ethanol). The extracts obtained in the global optimum conditions for each genotype peel were then assessed for their phenolic profile, by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, and bioactive potential. Seven phenolic compounds were detected, including four flavonoids, two phenolic acids, and one flavan-3-ol. The extracts presented high antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal potential, with no cytotoxicity for non-tumor cells. The optimized conditions for the extraction of preservative compounds from bioresidues were defined, allowing the acquisition of antioxidant and antimicrobial extracts and proving their potential for food application.
Progress and Future Potential of All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells Based on the Benzodithiophene Donor Material
Authors: Alam Shabaz , Lee Jaewon
Published: April 2023

Organic solar cells have obtained a prodigious amount of attention in photovoltaic research due to their unique features of light weight, low cost, eco-friendliness, and semitransparency. A rising trend in this field is the development of all-small-molecules organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) due to their merits of excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility, well-defined structures, and simple purification. Among the numerous organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials, benzodithiophene (BDT)-based small molecules have come to the fore in achieving outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) and breaking the 17% efficiency barrier in single-junction OPV devices, indicating the significant potential of this class of materials in commercial photovoltaic applications. This review specially focuses on up-to-date information about improvements in BDT-based ASM-OSCs since 2011 and provides an outlook on the most significant challenges that remain in the field. We believe there will be more exciting BDT-based photovoltaic materials and devices developed in the near future.
Study on the Controllable Preparation of Nd3+ Doped in Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Magnetic Protective Fabrics
Authors: Song Xiaolei , Xu Congzhu , Yao Wendong , Wen Jieyun , Wei Qufu , Li Yonggui , Feng Xinqun
Published: April 2023

Magnetic protective fabrics with fine wearability and great protective properties are highly desirable for aerospace, national defense, and wearable protective applications. The study of the controllable preparation method of Nd3+ doped in Fe3O4 nanoparticles with supposed magnetic properties remains a challenge. The characterization of the microstructure, elemental composition, and magnetic properties of NdFe2O4 nanoparticles was verified. Then, the surface of NdFe2O4 was treated with glyceric acid to provide sufficient –OH. Subsequently, the connection of the nanoparticle by the succinimide group was studied and then grafted onto cotton fabrics as its bridging effect. The optimal loading rate of the functional fabrics with nanoparticles of an average size of 230 nm was 1.37% after a 25% alkali pretreatment. The color fatness to rubbing results showed better stability after washing and drying. The corresponding hysteresis loop indicated that the functional fabrics exhibited typical magnetism behavior with a closed “S” shape and a magnetic saturation value of 17.61 emu.g−1 with a particle size of 230 nm. However, the magnetic saturation value of the cotton fabric of 90 nm was just 4.89 emu.g−1, exhibiting controllable preparation for the aimed electromagnetic properties and great potential in radiation protective fields. The electrochemical properties of the functional fabrics exhibited extremely weak electrical conductivity caused by the movement of the magnetic dipole derived from the NdFe2O4 nanoparticles.
Co-Designing and Refining a Home-Based Exercise Programme for Adults Living with Overweight and Obesity: Insight from People with Lived Experience
Authors: Power Sofie , Rowley Nikita , Duncan Michael , Broom David
Published: April 2023

Undertaking a home-based exercise programme should be a positive, health-enhancing lifestyle behaviour, particularly for adults living with overweight and obesity. However, exercise programmes are seldom designed in collaboration with people with lived experience, limiting adherence, efficacy, and effectiveness. Two focus groups (in-person n = 6 and virtual n = 7) were undertaken in the United Kingdom, to glean feedback and further refine a home-based exercise programme, developed from previously conducted semi-structured interviews with adults living with overweight and obesity. Both focus groups provided an opportunity for participants to discuss the proposed programme, highlighting strengths and areas for further improvement. Three key priorities were identified for consideration throughout the design process, specifically for adults living with overweight and obesity: (1) individualisation—a person-centred programme was non-negotiable; (2) motivation—integration of motivational features affected adherence and engagement; (3) more than just weight loss—consideration of other outcomes aside from solely numerical weight loss. These priorities provide direction for further refinement of the proposed home-based exercise programme, in an effort to ensure the final intervention is truly population-specific and needs-sensitive. Following completion, the programme will be assessed using a feasibility randomised controlled trial design.
Enhanced Cyber Attack Detection Process for Internet of Health Things (IoHT) Devices Using Deep Neural Network
Authors: Vijayakumar Kedalu Poornachary , Pradeep Krishnadoss , Balasundaram Ananthakrishnan , Prusty Manas Ranjan
Published: April 2023

Internet of Health Things plays a vital role in day-to-day life by providing electronic healthcare services and has the capacity to increase the quality of patient care. Internet of Health Things (IoHT) devices and applications have been growing rapidly in recent years, becoming extensively vulnerable to cyber-attacks since the devices are small and heterogeneous. In addition, it is doubly significant when IoHT involves devices used in healthcare domain. Consequently, it is essential to develop a resilient cyber-attack detection system in the Internet of Health Things environment for mitigating the security risks and preventing Internet of Health Things devices from becoming exposed to cyber-attacks. Artificial intelligence plays a primary role in anomaly detection. In this paper, a deep neural network-based cyber-attack detection system is built by employing artificial intelligence on latest ECU-IoHT dataset to uncover cyber-attacks in Internet of Health Things environment. The proposed deep neural network system achieves average higher performance accuracy of 99.85%, an average area under receiver operator characteristic curve 0.99 and the false positive rate is 0.01. It is evident from the experimental result that the proposed system attains higher detection rate than the existing methods.
How Safe Is Gadobutrol? Examining the Effect of Gadolinium Deposition on the Nervous System
Authors: Jammoul Maya , Abou-Kheir Wassim , Lawand Nada
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the safety of gadobutrol, a gadolinium-based contrast agent used in medical imaging, by investigating its effect on the nervous system under physiological and inflammatory conditions. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into four groups, including gadobutrol, saline, LPS + gadobutrol, and LPS + saline, and were given intraperitoneal injections of gadobutrol (2.5 mmol/kg) or saline for 20 days. Weekly sensorimotor and cognitive behavioral tests were performed over 4 weeks, and Gd concentration in nervous tissues was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured to evaluate cytotoxicity, and electromyography (EMG) recordings from the gastrocnemius muscle were also obtained to examine signal transmission in sciatic nerves. The results indicated that gadobutrol did not induce significant behavioral changes under normal conditions. However, when administered along with LPS, the combination led to behavioral dysfunction. ICP-MS analysis revealed a higher concentration of Gd in the cerebrum and spinal cord of gadobutrol + LPS-treated rats, while peripheral nerves showed lower concentrations. In addition, there was a significant increase in LDH activity in the hippocampus of the gadobutrol group. EMG responses to electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve demonstrated a decreased threshold of nociceptive reflexes in the gadobutrol group. Overall, while gadobutrol may be considered safe under normal physiological conditions, the findings suggest that its safety may be compromised under inflammatory conditions.
On Changing the Subject: ‘Secularity’, ‘Religion’, and the Idea of the Human
Authors: Grey Carmody , Dürr Oliver
Published: April 2023

The ‘religion/secular’ frame should be retired as a way of characterizing contemporary northern European cultures. The concepts of ‘secularity’ and ‘religion’ are both falsifying and question begging. They invisibly and unhelpfully predetermine the conversation about who and where we are now. Further, they are terms which increasingly lack salience in these cultures. If we seek to locate and articulate, in order to reflectively engage, the horizons within which contemporary northern Europeans generally live, the goods that orient people’s lives, the ideas and values that move and motivate them, we need to talk not about ‘religion’ and the lack of it, but about the idea of the human. Within the concept of the human is nested today the sense of orientation, meaning, goodness and importance that notions of ‘religion’ used to express. This is the conceptual territory on which arguments about ‘what really matters’ are now conducted. If one wishes to have salience in contemporary culture, one needs to speak to this.
Religion and Prison in Contemporary Muslim Societies: Religious Intervention in the Carceral Space of Post-Revolutionary Tunisia
Authors: Rhazzali Mohammed Khalid
Published: April 2023

To date, no scientific literature on the issue of religion in prison has been published in Muslim countries. There, religious practice in prison does not seem to have received specific normative attention. The new political context after the so called “Arab Spring” has given new importance to religion in the space of state institutions. Under the pressure of security concerns, we are witnessing the emergence of new forms of religious intervention in prisons. On the basis of a multi-year research project in Europe, which was recently extended to the context of Muslim-majority countries, this article intends to take stock of the reality of the case of Tunisia, where the essential elements of this theme intersect, by calling on initiatives of state institutions, but also the development that has taken place in civil society.
Impact of Aerosols on NPP in Basins: Case Study of WRF−Solar in the Jinghe River Basin
Authors: Fu Yuan , Zhou Zixiang , Li Jing , Zhang Shunwei
Published: April 2023

Aerosols impact vegetation productivity by increasing diffuse radiation and changing temperature and humidity conditions. In this study, climate simulations of the Jinghe River Basin in 2020 based on aerosol and aerosol−free scenarios were carried out using the control variable method and the aerosol optical depth parameter as the external input data of Weather Report Forecast (WRF)−solar. These two output results were used as input data for the Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model to calculate the impact of aerosols on vegetation productivity. The results showed that WRF−solar accurately simulated changes in meteorological factors such as temperature, rainfall, solar radiation, and relative humidity in the Jinghe River Basin, with a correlation coefficient above 0.85. Aerosols significantly change the ratio of diffuse to direct radiation, act as a cooling function to reduce temperature, and affect rainfall by interacting with clouds. The scenario simulation results showed that under the influence of aerosols, the total solar radiation was reduced by 224.98 MJ/m2, accounting for 3.44% of the total annual radiation. Correspondingly, the average net primary productivity of vegetation in the Jinghe River Basin in 2020 decreased by 26.64 gC/m2, which was not conducive to vegetation photosynthesis and carbon fixation in the basin.
Squat Detection of Railway Switches and Crossings Using Point Machine Vibration Measurements
Authors: Zuo Yang , Lundberg Jan , Najeh Taoufik , Rantatalo Matti , Odelius Johan
Published: April 2023

Railway switches and crossings (S&C) are among the most important high-value components in a railway network and a failure of such an asset could result in severe network disturbance. Therefore, potential defects need to be detected at an early stage to prevent traffic-disturbing downtime or even severe accidents. A squat is a common defect of S&Cs that has to be monitored and repaired to reduce such risks. In this study, a testbed including a full-scale S&C and a bogie wagon was developed. Vibrations were measured for different squat sizes by an accelerometer mounted at the point machine. A method of processing the vibration data and the speed data is proposed to investigate the possibility of detecting and quantifying the severity of a squat. One key technology used is wavelet denoising. The study shows that it is possible to monitor the development of the squat size on the rail up to around 13 m from the point machine. The relationships between the normalised peak-to-peak amplitude of the vibration signal and the squat depth were also estimated.
Wideband, Wearable, Printed Monopole Antenna System for Integration into an Electromagnetic Radiation Evaluation Device
Authors: Falcão Pedro , Felício João M. , Peixeiro Custódio
Published: April 2023

This paper describes the design steps carried out to prove the concept of a wideband monopole antenna system to be used in a wearable device conceived for the evaluation of electromagnetic field radiation. Such a device is envisaged to be integrated into protective vests worn by professional users in their working space environment as part of intelligent multi-risk protection. Initially, the main characteristics of a simple straight monopole are reviewed to serve as a reference. A modified octagonal monopole antenna element is introduced, and a two dual-linearly polarized configuration of such monopoles is designed, fabricated, and tested to be used in the frequency range of 0.7–3.5 GHz. The expected radiation characteristics (input reflection coefficient and isolation between vertically and horizontally polarized ports) are confirmed experimentally. The effects of a thick lossy foam substrate layer used to mitigate the presence of the metal shield, employed in the vest lining as a Faraday cage protection, are analyzed both by simulation and experimentally. Finally, electromagnetic simulations are carried out to confirm that a system of five dual-linearly polarized monopole elements located in the chest, shoulders, back, and helmet of the user can provide an adequate estimation of the incident electromagnetic field radiation.
Weed Detection Using Deep Learning: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Murad Nafeesa Yousuf , Mahmood Tariq , Forkan Abdur Rahim Mohammad , Morshed Ahsan , Jayaraman Prem Prakash , Siddiqui Muhammad Shoaib
Published: April 2023

Weeds are one of the most harmful agricultural pests that have a significant impact on crops. Weeds are responsible for higher production costs due to crop waste and have a significant impact on the global agricultural economy. The importance of this problem has promoted the research community in exploring the use of technology to support farmers in the early detection of weeds. Artificial intelligence (AI) driven image analysis for weed detection and, in particular, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) using images from crop fields have been widely used in the literature for detecting various types of weeds that grow alongside crops. In this paper, we present a systematic literature review (SLR) on current state-of-the-art DL techniques for weed detection. Our SLR identified a rapid growth in research related to weed detection using DL since 2015 and filtered 52 application papers and 8 survey papers for further analysis. The pooled results from these papers yielded 34 unique weed types detection, 16 image processing techniques, and 11 DL algorithms with 19 different variants of CNNs. Moreover, we include a literature survey on popular vanilla ML techniques (e.g., SVM, random forest) that have been widely used prior to the dominance of DL. Our study presents a detailed thematic analysis of ML/DL algorithms used for detecting the weed/crop and provides a unique contribution to the analysis and assessment of the performance of these ML/DL techniques. Our study also details the use of crops associated with weeds, such as sugar beet, which was one of the most commonly used crops in most papers for detecting various types of weeds. It also discusses the modality where RGB was most frequently used. Crop images were frequently captured using robots, drones, and cell phones. It also discusses algorithm accuracy, such as how SVM outperformed all machine learning algorithms in many cases, with the highest accuracy of 99 percent, and how CNN with its variants also performed well with the highest accuracy of 99 percent, with only VGGNet providing the lowest accuracy of 84 percent. Finally, the study will serve as a starting point for researchers who wish to undertake further research in this area.
A Review of Skin-Wearable Sensors for Non-Invasive Health Monitoring Applications
Authors: Mao Pengsu , Li Haoran , Yu Zhibin
Published: April 2023

The early detection of fatal diseases is crucial for medical diagnostics and treatment, both of which benefit the individual and society. Portable devices, such as thermometers and blood pressure monitors, and large instruments, such as computed tomography (CT) and X-ray scanners, have already been implemented to collect health-related information. However, collecting health information using conventional medical equipment at home or in a hospital can be inefficient and can potentially affect the timeliness of treatment. Therefore, on-time vital signal collection via healthcare monitoring has received increasing attention. As the largest organ of the human body, skin delivers significant signals reflecting our health condition; thus, receiving vital signals directly from the skin offers the opportunity for accessible and versatile non-invasive monitoring. In particular, emerging flexible and stretchable electronics demonstrate the capability of skin-like devices for on-time and continuous long-term health monitoring. Compared to traditional electronic devices, this type of device has better mechanical properties, such as skin conformal attachment, and maintains compatible detectability. This review divides the health information that can be obtained from skin using the sensor aspect’s input energy forms into five categories: thermoelectrical signals, neural electrical signals, photoelectrical signals, electrochemical signals, and mechanical pressure signals. We then summarize current skin-wearable health monitoring devices and provide outlooks on future development.
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) Study of Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) Materials Using Nonlinear Vibration Methods Based on Embedded Piezoelectric Transducers
Authors: Dolbachian Loan , Harizi Walid , Aboura Zoheir
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, nonlinear vibration methods are increasingly used for the detection of damage mechanisms in polymer matrix composite (PMC) materials, which are anisotropic and heterogeneous. The originality of this study was the use of two nonlinear vibration methods to detect different types of damage within PMC through an in situ embedded polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric sensor. The two used methods are nonlinear resonance (NLR) and single frequency excitation (SFE). They were first tested on damage introduced during the manufacturing of the smart PMC plates, and second, on the damage that occurred after the manufacturing. The results show that both techniques are interesting, and probably a combination of them will be the best choice for SHM purposes. During the experimentation, an accelerometer was used, in order to validate the effectiveness of the integrated PVDF sensor.
POSEIDON: A Data Augmentation Tool for Small Object Detection Datasets in Maritime Environments
Authors: Ruiz-Ponce Pablo , Ortiz-Perez David , Garcia-Rodriguez Jose , Kiefer Benjamin
Published: April 2023

Certain fields present significant challenges when attempting to train complex Deep Learning architectures, particularly when the available datasets are limited and imbalanced. Real-time object detection in maritime environments using aerial images is a notable example. Although SeaDronesSee is the most extensive and complete dataset for this task, it suffers from significant class imbalance. To address this issue, we present POSEIDON, a data augmentation tool specifically designed for object detection datasets. Our approach generates new training samples by combining objects and samples from the original training set while utilizing the image metadata to make informed decisions. We evaluate our method using YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 and demonstrate its superiority over other balancing techniques, such as error weighting, by an overall improvement of 2.33% and 4.6%, respectively.
Measuring the Digital Divide: A Neighborhood-Level Analysis of Racial Inequality in Internet Speed during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rodriguez-Elliott Stephen , Vachuska Karl
Published: April 2023

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, internet access has been vital to ensuring individuals can work from home, attend online school and maintain contact with loved ones. While research has already shown that inequalities exist regarding who has access to the internet, less research has used actual internet speed test data to examine neighborhood inequalities in internet access, and even less research has explored trends related to this during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a dataset containing over 100 million internet speed tests in the United States, we analyze neighborhood-level variation in internet speed. We find that neighborhoods with higher proportions of Black residents tend to have better download speeds but worse upload speeds. Notably, upload speeds are especially important for video communication, which massively proliferated during the pandemic. Further, upload speeds in Black neighborhoods have consistently fallen relative to white neighborhoods during the pandemic. This trend has substantial implications for racial inequality in the digital age.
Comparing Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Perborate Ultraviolet Advanced Oxidation Processes for 1,4-Dioxane Removal from Tertiary Wastewater Effluent
Authors: Shukla Tulsi L. , Duranceau Steven J.
Published: April 2023

Ultraviolet advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) were compared using sodium perborate (UV/NaBO3 AOP) or hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2 AOP) for 1,4-dioxane removal from tertiary wastewater effluent. Both UV-AOPs were also tested with the addition of acetic acid. Results revealed that sodium perborate performed similarly to hydrogen peroxide. The UV/NaBO3 AOP with 6 milligrams per liter (mg/L) as H2O2 resulted in 43.9 percent 1,4-dioxane removal, while an equivalent UV/H2O2 AOP showed 42.8 percent removal. Despite their similar performance, NaBO3 is approximately 3.3 times more expensive than H2O2. However, the solid form of NaBO3 can provide a major benefit to remote and mobile operations. Unlike H2O2 solution, which degrades over time and requires repeated costly shipments, NaBO3 is a convenient source of H2O2, and a long-term supply can be shipped at once and mixed into solution as needed. The addition of acetic acid to a UV/H2O2 AOP was found to enhance 1,4-dioxane removal, increasing treatment effectiveness by 5.7%.
Study on Water Replacement Characteristics of Xinghai Lake Wetland Based on Landscape Water Quality Objectives
Authors: Wu Mengdi , Xu Guobin , Niu Xiaoyu , Fu Zhen , Liao Xianrong
Published: April 2023

Many issues with water quality and water ecology are caused by the Xinghai Lake’s enormous catchment, significant evaporation rates, and one additional water supply. To quantitatively study Xinghai Lake’s water displacement characteristics, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic-tracer coupling model based on MIKE21 was developed. The findings indicate that: (1) Xinghai Lake’s water replacement cycle exhibits spatial heterogeneity, with a general characteristic of fast water renewal in the southern lake area and slow renewal in the northern lake area, and the gradient change of the water replacement cycle from south to north is influenced by a variety of factors, including the lake’s flow field, flow, topography, and wind field. (2) The throughput flow has an impact on the majority of the waters in Xinghai Lake. When there is a high water flow, the lake region has a high flow velocity, rapid water transport, and a large capacity for water exchange; when there is a low water flow, the lake area has a slow flow velocity, poor water flow, and a lengthy water exchange period. (3) The flow field of Xinghai Lake is complicated, the flow velocity is low, and it is a lake system where quick water exchange and slow water exchange coexist. This flow field is influenced by the interplay of wind-generated flow and throughput flow. (4) To speed up the water body’s rejuvenation, the Xinghai Lake wetland needs more inlets and exits to introduce new water sources.
GROWTHINHIBITIONOF Streptococcus mutans USING NANOCERIA
Authors:   University of Georgia, Athens, GA, Ghandi Sejal , Goodman Adam , Long Emily , Patel Herchel , Patel Kamal , Patel Rani , Patel Dhruvi , Mohakar Vijay , Sorkin Anton , Reukov Vladimir
Published: April 2023

A leading cause of tooth decay stems from the build-up of microbes and the formation of biofilms on the surfaces of teeth. Oral health is impacted by this proliferation of bacteria, which often produce harmful acids as by-products of metabolism. In particular, the oral bacteria Streptococcus mutans metabolizes sugars into lactic acid and plays a prevalent role in tooth decay. Research regarding the nanoparticle cerium oxide (nanoceria, CeO2) shows nanoceria as a potential antimicrobial agent and biofilm disruptor through the lysis of bacterial cell walls. We propose that synthesized nanoceria can be utilized as an inhibitor of S. mutans; by reducing growth and lactic acid production, tooth decay may be reduced. We first studied the growth pattern of S. mutans through optical density (OD) and colony-forming unit (CFU) measurements. Next, we examined the effect of nanoceria on lactic acid production through pH tests conducted at varying sucrose concentrations. After initial measurements were taken, the antimicrobial effect of nanoceria on pH and OD was studied. Preliminary tests showed nanoceria inhibiting lactic acid production and decreasing the log phase of the bacteria, and future trials will further examine these associations. In the future, these findings could support using nanoceria in dental applications as an antibacterial agent.
Ongoing Data from Presence of Zoonotic Anisakis Larvae in Imported Fish in Turkish Supermarkets: Frozen Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber Scombrus) and Smoked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)
Authors: PEKMEZCİ Gökmen Zafer , ONUK Ertan Emek , YARDIMCI Banu
Published: April 2023

Anisakis pegreffii and A. simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) are the main etiological agents causing human anisakiasis. Here, we aimed to investigate based on the pepsin digestion method of the occurrence of Anisakis larvae in imported deep-frozen whole Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) from FAO 27 to Turkey and smoked Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon fillets (Salmo salar) between 2018 and 2019. A total of 100 whole Atlantic mackerel and 180 Atlantic salmon fillets were randomly sampled from local Turkish supermarkets. No Anisakis larvae were detected in smoked Atlantic salmon fillets. In total, 827 Anisakis larvae were found in mackerel, and the prevalence was 68% (68/100). The mI and mA of Anisakis larvae in mackerel were 13.1 and 8.2, respectively. Whereas the 95.28% (788/827) of the Anisakis larvae were found in abdominal cavity/viscera, the 4.72 % (39/827) of the larvae in the muscle. The prevalence and mI of Anisakis larvae in the abdominal cavity/viscera and muscle of mackerel was 63.0% (63/100) and 42.0% (42/100), and 12.5 and 0.9, respectively. The subsample of 100 larvae was molecularly identified by ITS RFLP patterns. The 99 (99.0%) larvae were identified as A. simplex (s.s.), and 1 (1.0%) larva was A. pegreffii. Consequently, there is low or no risk of anisakiasis in smoked farmed Atlantic salmon for Turkish consumers. The 42.0% prevalence of zoonotic Anisakis species larvae in imported Atlantic mackerel fillets could have public health risk in Turkish consumers for anisakiasis or allergy.
¿Qué saben nuestros alumnos sobre alimentación y nutrición?
Authors: Núñez Graciela , Mazzitelli Claudia , Vázquez Sandra
Published: April 2023

En este trabajo presentamos una propuesta de enseñanza, en la que se incluyen temas de Ciencias Naturales, Ciencias Sociales, Tecnología, Matemática y Lengua, para el tercer ciclo de la Educación General Básica y los resultados de su aplicación. A través de esta estrategia se enfrenta a los alumnos con situaciones problemáticas relacionadas con la alimentación y la nutrición y se intenta favorecer la integración de contenidos procedimentales, conceptuales y actitudinales. La implementación se realizó en 9° año, con alumnos entre 14 y 15 años. Los resultados obtenidos muestran el interés por parte de los alumnos en este tipo de actividades que los acercan a la realidad y la influencia positiva en el aprendizaje de los contenidos. Se detecta, además, falta de conocimiento sobre criterios de selección de una dieta saludable y una gran influencia de los medios de comunicación en los hábitos alimentarios.
Los comportamientos de disciplina e indisciplina en educación física
Authors: Moreno Murcia Juan Antonio , Cervelló Gimeno Eduardo , Martínez Galindo Celestina , Alonso Villodre Néstor
Published: April 2023

El objetivo de este estudio es adentrarse en el conocimiento de los comportamientos de disciplina e indisciplina que tienen lugar en Educación Física con el fin de proporcionar una serie de pautas de actuación que faciliten la aparición de conductas disciplinadas, así como la erradicación de comportamientos indisciplinados en el aula. Para ello, se conceptualiza el término "disciplina" dentro del entorno educativo, se indican las principales causas que inciden en la aparición de conductas indisciplinadas, se presentan diferentes propuestas de intervención, y basándose en las principales investigaciones relacionadas con la materia, se muestran algunas prospectivas de investigación. Los resultados de los estudios revisados exponen, en general, que los problemas de disciplina en el ámbito educativo resultan comunes en todas y cada una de las áreas que constituyen el currículo de educación, llegando a producir serias consecuencias en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del alumno, y a dejar profundas secuelas en la labor desempeñada por el profesor.
Educación de jóvenes y adultos en contextos de encierro. Una experiencia de extensión universitaria en la escuela de un penal
Authors: García María B. , Vilanova Silvia , Del Castillo Eduardo , Malagutti Agustín
Published: April 2023

La escuela dentro de la cárcel se presenta al individuo privado de libertad como un lugar propio y específico que brinda herramientas para modificar su situación social y la de su medio y donde es posible pensar una sociedad construida entre todos. Lamentablemente, las particulares características de estos alumnos, sumadas a los cursos numerosos, generan una deserción escolar que supera el 50% de la matrícula. Si bien en todos los bachilleratos de adultos se da una situación similar, en este ámbito la deserción supone una nueva frustración para quien ya ha sido varias veces excluido de los sistemas formales (familia, escuela, trabajo). Retener matrícula en una escuela en contexto de encierro supone mantener al interno incluido en un sistema formal que lo contenga. Frente a esta realidad, la experiencia que presentamos tiene como finalidad promover un espacio de acercamiento entre la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la UNMDP y la EDEM N.º 14 del Penal de Batán, articulando acciones con una doble finalidad: a) permitir a una parte de la comunidad universitaria conocer la realidad de uno de los sectores sociales más marginados, tomar conciencia de sus necesidades y realizar aportes en función de las mismas, y b) ofrecer a los internos del penal la posibilidad de construir herramientas que contribuyan a transformar su situación social y la de su entorno, a partir de su permanencia en el sistema educativo.
Una experiencia de formación docente sobre lectura comprensiva de textos científicos
Authors: Lotti De Santos Margarita , Salim Raquel , Raya Francisco , Dori María Graciela
Published: April 2023

Es probable que, en la Argentina, la carrera de Formación Docente requiera un mejor desarrollo de estrategias para el aprovechamiento óptimo de la Lengua.Considerando la Lengua como un eje transversal para el fortalecimiento de la formación disciplinar y didáctica, el objetivo de nuestro trabajo es describir una experiencia de formación docente sobre lectura comprensiva de textos científicos.Para el abordaje de la problemática, que supone la comprensión lectora en Ciencias Naturales, enunciamos materiales y métodos utilizados en la experiencia de aula-taller y seminarios, en un trabajo conjunto ejecutado por profesores de Lengua y especialistas en Biología, Física y Química.Consignamos los resultados de la experiencia; entre ellos sobresalen la importancia del acompañamiento del docente en el momento de la lectura de textos disciplinares y el valor de los saberes previos para abordar la lectura de un nuevo texto como para establecer relaciones entre los contenidos conceptuales de textos de especialidad.Las conclusiones aluden a la necesidad de recalcar la importancia de la transversalidad de la Lengua en el aprendizaje y la necesidad de que la comprensión lectora debe ser entendida como una práctica cotidiana en todos los niveles del sistema educativo.
Sustainable Growth, Growth Potential : Tendencies of Potential Growth in the European Union
Authors: Halmai Péter
Published: April 2023

In economic terms, growth theory is an essential dimension of sustainability. The structurally sustainable performance of an economy, that is the sustainable (equilibrium) level of output is expressed in terms of potential output, and its sustainable dynamics in terms of growth potential. In the EU Member States the main structural determinant of potential growth is the dynamics of total factor productivity (TFP). In this respect the level and dynamics of performance vary greatly across the EU. Narrowing the performance gaps compared to the leading economies through major structural reforms can be a crucial factor in strengthening the growth potential. This paper reviews the fundamental correlations for Europe’s growth potential based on quantitative analyses carried out within the referred theoretical framework. Analysing the determinants of growth potential can help justify the inevitable structural reforms and macroeconomic adjustments, and can thereby contribute to the development of an economic theory of sustainability.
Sustainable Employment
Authors: Kardkovács Kolos
Published: April 2023

The globalisation and demographic processes, and the rapid rate of automation defining the new industrial revolution are fundamentally transforming the world of work, and the conditions and circumstances of employment. At the same time, digital transformation is not only changing the workplaces, but it is offering numerous opportunities, creating further scientific knowledge, and previously unknown industries and occupations. Finding answers to these challenges also requires the understanding of labour market trends, and preparing the existing and future workforce for how to adapt to change. Adaptation to the labour market enhances the role of lifelong learning and the accumulation of knowledge capital. It seems therefore appropriate to concentrate the available social and financial resources on education, training and the acquisition of digital skills.
Fiscal Sustainability in Focus
Authors: Baksay Gergely , P. Kiss Gábor
Published: April 2023

As regards the concept of fiscal sustainability, our study finds that in this area a variety of issues can be examined with very different tools. The issues may concern the achievement of fiscal constraints over an infinite horizon, the realisation of a specific target, or the fiscal policy response to indebtedness observed in the past. In some cases additional aspects of sustainability are considered too, such as the effects of ageing, although the consequences of rising inequality are mostly overlooked. The model may also include an estimate of the investment needed to mitigate the effects of climate change, but the impact of the impact of climate change is outside the model framework. To answer these questions, it may also be necessary to include uncertainty, in which case the discounting of future debt, tax revenue and expenditure with an intertemporal budget constraint in a stochastic environment depends on the probability distribution of these factors under different states. Our sustainability analysis, on the one hand, presents the best practice, complemented with the directions we have identified for further improvement. On the other hand, we have made the necessary corrections to avoid oversimplification in calculating debt dynamics.
The legal regulation of working hours and its role in achieving balance between the two parties to the work contract: a study in the Moroccan labour code and the Palestinian labour law
Authors: Ghaith Nidal
Published: April 2023

This study examines the legal regulation of working hours and its role in achieving a balance between the two parties to the work contract, whether the worker or the employer, in the labour legislation of both the Kingdom of Morocco and the State of Palestine, based on the comparative, inductive and analytical approach, and the problem of the study is the extent of the capacity of contemporary labour laws that regulate hours Work to achieve a balance between the conflicting interests of the two parties to the work contract, and the study tried to answer the previous problem by talking about managing the working hours in the normal case of the establishment’s activity, as well as managing them in the exceptional case of its activity. The study has great importance in several matters, including enriching the Palestinian legislative experience by comparing it With its Moroccan counterpart, and one of the most prominent findings of this study is the important role of the legal regulation of working hours in achieving a balance between the interest of the worker and the requirements of the establishment on the one hand, and limiting the abuse of employers towards workers on the other hand, and the results also showed that the Moroccan legislator was More advanced and flexible in general than the Palestinian counterpart in regulating working hours.

تبحث هذه الدراسة في التنظيم القانوني لساعات العمل ودوره في تحقيق التوازن بين طرفي عقد العمل سواء العامل أو صاحب العمل، في ضوء التشريعات العمالية لكل من المملكة المغربية ودولة فلسطين، اعتمادا على المنهج المقارن والاستقرائي التحليلي، وتتمثل إشكالية البحث في مدى قدرة القوانين العمالية المعاصرة الناظمة لساعات العمل على تحقيق التوازن بين المصالح المتضاربة لطرفي عقد العمل، وحاولت الدراسة الإجابة عن الإشكالية السالفة من خلال الحديث عن تدبير ساعات العمل في الحالة الطبيعية لنشاط المنشأة، وكذا تدبيرها في الحالة الاستثنائية لنشاطها، وللدراسة أهميات عدة من بينها إغناء التجربة التشريعية الفلسطينية من خلال مقارنتها مع نظيرتها المغربية، ومن أبرز ما خلصت إليه هذه الدراسة، هو الدور المهم للتنظيم القانوني لساعات العمل في تحقيق التوازن بين مصلحة العامل ومتطلبات المنشأة من جهة، والحد من تعسف أصحاب العمل اتجاه العمال من جهة أخرى، وأظهرت النتائج أيضا أن المشرع المغربي كان أكثر تقدم ومرونة عموما من نظيره الفلسطيني في تنظيمه لساعات العمل.
A study of the linguistic qualities of the Samaritan Pentateuch the comparative Semitics languages
Authors: Al-Shammary Nihad
Published: April 2023

The textual frame of this research is about the Samaritan Pentateuch. It represents the development in the textual history of the linguistic qualities in the Samaritan Pentateuch. The research will present the study comprehensive linguistic qualities, creating an important resource of lexicographical information. to describe the Samaritan Pentateuch, the witnesses for the Hebrew spoken in the Late Second Temple period, and that by itself is important step to describe the Hebrew Samaritan Pentateuch of this period, Through the semantical analysis, and also the etymological. This seems especially important in light of the following considerations the Semitics linguistics. The Samaritan Hebrew language used some words which are otherwise unknown in Hebrew language. From another side probably meeting with the Tiberian tradition of Biblical Hebrew with many cases that agreed, the different between the two is the phonetical system which we will make it clear in this research through the examples of the Samaritan Pentateuch.

الإطار النصي لهذا البحث هو عن التوراة السامرية، اذ نوضح التطور التاريخي للصفات اللغوية للتوراة السامرية. ومن خلاله نستعرض تحليلاً شاملاً لدراسة اهم تلك الصفات، مما يتيح له ان يكون مصدراً هاماً للمعلومات المعجمية، لوصف الاسفار السامرية الخمسة، في الفترة المتأخرة من المعبد الثاني لوجود العبرانيين، وهذا يعد بحد ذاته خطوة مهمة لوصف اهم الخصائص اللغوية للتوراة السامرية. عن طريق التحليل الدلالي وأيضًا الاشتقاقي الذي يبدو مهمًا في ضوء اعتبارات الدراسات اللسانية لعائلة اللغات السامية. اذ استخدمت اللغة العبرية السامرية البعض من الكلمات غير المعروفة في اللغة العبرية. من جانب آخر ربما كان يلتقي بتقليد الطبري للعبرية التوراتية مع وجود العديد من الحالات المتفق عليها بين النصين، الا ان الاختلاف موجود بين النصيين وخصوصا في النظام الصوتي، الذي سوف نوضحه في بحثنا هذا من خلال الامثلة من التوراة السامرية.
Monitoring the constitutionality of tax laws in Palestine
Authors: Hamdouna Mohammed
Published: April 2023

The control over the constitutionality of laws in the tax field is one of the means to protect citizens in society from imposing a tax on them other than those provided for in the Constitution, which is different in quality from different legal systems, including the previous system of control over the constitutionality of laws. This is what follows the regime of subsequent control over the constitutionality of laws. The Palestinian legal system decided to subsequently monitor the constitutionality of laws, and this oversight does not achieve justice in the tax field, as it prejudices the two aspects of justice in the tax field, whether in terms of unjustly collecting tax from individuals, Or regarding the effect of the ruling on the unconstitutionality of the tax text, as the benefit from the unconstitutionality ruling is restricted to the taxpayer who is pleading in the constitutional case to the exclusion of other taxpayers. The peculiarity of this type of oversight also appears through the important role that constitutional control plays in rooting the principles of tax law and the distribution of tax powers among the different authorities, as well as the effect that constitutional oversight plays in preserving the rule of tax law, and this is what we will try to explain in precise detail through this search.

إن الرقابة على دستورية القوانين في المجال الضريبي تعتبر من الوسائل التي تؤدي إلى حماية المواطنين في المجتمع من أن تفرض عليهم ضريبة على غير ما نص عليه الدستور، وهذه الرقابة تختلف من حيث نوعيتها باختلاف الأنظمة القانونية، فمنها ما يأخذ بنظام الرقابة السابقة على دستورية القوانين، ومنها ما يأخذ بنظام الرقابة اللاحقة على دستورية القوانين. وقرر النظام القانوني الفلسطيني الرقابة اللاحقة على دستورية القوانين، وهذه الرقابة لا تحقق العدالة في المجال الضريبي، حيث أنها تخل بوجهي العدالة في المجال الضريبي سواء من حيث تحصيل ضريبة من الأفراد دون وجه حق، أو بخصوص أثر الحكم بعدم دستورية النص الضريبي حيث يقصر الاستفادة من الحكم بعدم الدستورية على المكلف المدعى في الدعوى الدستورية دون غيره من باقي المكلفين. كما تظهر خصوصية هذا النوع من الرقابة من خلال الدور الهام الذي تقوم به الرقابة الدستورية في تأصيل مبادئ القانون الضريبي وتوزيع الصلاحيات الضريبية بين السلطات المختلفة، وكذلك الاثر الذي تلعبه الرقابة على الدستورية في الحفاظ على سيادة القانون الضريبي، وهذا ما سنحاول بيانه بالتفصيل الدقيق من خلال هذا البحث.