bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De novo sequencing and analysis of the transcriptome of two highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum L.) cultivars ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Legacy’ at harvest and following post-harvest storage
Authors: Concepcion Maria Carcamo de la , Sargent Daniel James , Surbanovski Nada , Colgan Richard , Moretto Marco
Published: January 2021

Background: Fruit firmness and in particular the individual components of texture and moisture loss, are considered the key quality traits when describing blueberry fruit quality, and whilst these traits are genetically regulated, the mechanisms governing their control are not clearly understood. In this investigation, RNAseq was performed on fruits of two blueberry cultivars with very different storage properties, ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Legacy’, at harvest, three weeks storage in a non-modified environment at 4 oC and after three weeks storage at 4 oC followed by three days at 21 oC, with the aim of understanding the transcriptional changes that occur during storage in cultivars with very different post-harvest fruit quality.Results: De novo assemblies of the transcriptomes of the two cultivars were performed separately and a total of 39,335 and 41,896 unigenes for ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Legacy’ respectively were resolved. Differential gene expression analyses were grouped into four cluster profiles based on changes in transcript abundance between harvest and 24 days post-harvest. A total of 264 unigenes were up-regulated in ‘Legacy’ and down-regulated in ‘Bluecrop’, 103 were down-regulated in ‘Legacy’ and up-regulated in ‘Bluecrop’, 43 were up-regulated in both cultivars and 355 were down-regulated in both cultivars between harvest and 24 days post-harvest. Unigenes showing significant differential expression between harvest and following post-harvest cold-storage were grouped into classes of biological processes including stress responses, cell wall metabolism, wax metabolism, calcium metabolism, cellular components, and biological processes.Conclusions: In total 21 differentially expressed unigenes with a putative role in regulating the response to post-harvest cold-storage in the two cultivars were identified from the de novo transcriptome assemblies performed. The results presented provide a stable foundation from which to perform further analyses with which to functionally validate the candidate genes identified, and to begin to understand the genetic mechanisms controlling changes in firmness in blueberry fruits post-harvest.
Microbiological findings in early and late implant loss: an observational clinical case-controlled study
Authors: Korsch Michael , Marten Silke-Mareike , Stoll Dominic , Prechtl Christopher , Dötsch Andreas
Published: January 2021

Background Implants are a predictable and well-established treatment method in dentistry. Nevertheless, looking at possible failures of dental implants, early and late loss have to be distinguished. The intent of the study was to report microbiological findings on the surface of implants with severe peri-implantitis, which had to be explanted. Methods 53 specimens of implants from 48 patients without severe general illnesses have been examined. The groups investigated were implants that had to be removed in the period of osseointegration (early loss, 13 patients with 14 implants) or after the healing period (late loss, 14 patients with 17 implants). The implant losses were compared with two control groups (implants with no bone loss directly after completed osseointegration, two to four months after implant placement (17 patients with 17 implants) and implants with no bone loss and prosthetic restoration for more than three years (5 patients with 5 implants)). Data about the bacteria located in the peri-implant sulcus was collected using amplification and high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results The biofilm composition differed substantially between individuals. Both in early and late implant loss of Fusobacterium nucleatum , and Porphyromonas gingivalis were found to be abundant . Late lost implants showed higher bacterial diversity and in addition higher abundances of Treponema, Fretibacterium, Pseudoramibacter and Desulfobulbus , while microbial communities of early loss implants were very heterogeneous and showed no significantly more abundant bacterial taxa. Conclusions Specific peri-implant pathogens were found around implants that were lost after a primarily uneventful osseointegration. P. gingivalis and F. nulceatum frequently colonized the implant in early and late losses and could therefore be characteristic for implant loss in general. In general, early lost implants showed also lower microbial diversity than late losses. However, the microbial results were not indicative of the causes of early and late losses.
Hypoxic tumour cell-derived exosomal miR-340-5p promotes radioresistance of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma via KLF10
Authors: Chen Fangyu , Xu Bing , Li Jie , Yang Xi , Gu Junjie , Yao Xijuan , Sun Xinchen
Published: January 2021

Background: Radiotherapy resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Hypoxia is a critical cause of radioresistance. However, the communication between hypoxic cells and aerobic cells via exosomes during the transfer of radiation resistance remains unclear. Methods: Exo-miR-340-5p levels were analysed by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. We co-cultured OSCC cells with isolated normoxic and hypoxic exosomes to study their impact on radiosensitivity. We used a specific exo-miR-340-5p mimic and knock-down retrovirus to explore the role of this miRNA in the transfer of radioresistance from hypoxic to normoxic cells. Dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays were used to verify KLF10 as a putative target of miR-340-5p. Several in vitro assays were conducted and xenograft models were established to investigate the effect of exo-miR-340-5p on OSCC radiosensitivity. The plasma exo-miR-340-5p levels in OSCC patients were analysed to study the clinical value of this parameter.Results: Hypoxic exosomes alleviated radiation-induced apoptosis and accelerated DNA damage repair. miR-340-5p was highly expressed in hypoxic exosomes and was transferred into normoxic cells, where it induced radioresistance. Overexpression of miR-340-5p in normoxic OSCC cells mimicked the radioresistance of cells co-cultured with hypoxic exosomes. Knockdown of miR-340-5p in hypoxic exosomes reversed the radioresistance effect, indicating that exo-miR-340-5p is critical for hypoxic EV-transferred radioresistance. KLF10 was identified as the direct target of miR-340-5p. Moreover, metformin was found to increase the expression of KLF10 and enhance the radiosensitivity of OSCC. Higher levels of miR-340-5p in the plasma exosomes from OSCC patients are related to a poorer radiotherapy response and prognosis. Conclusions: Hypoxic tumour cell-derived exosomal miR-340-5p confers radioresistance in OSCC by targeting KLF10/UVRAG, suggesting that miR-340-5p could be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the enhancement of radiosensitivity in OSCC. Metformin can increase KLF10 expression, which ameliorates the radioresistance induced by exo-miR-340-5p transfer. Therefore, metformin could be further investigated as a therapeutic option for the treatment of OSCC.
ORGANIZAION AND ACTIVITY OF MILITIA IN THE UKRAINIAN SSR IN 1947: BASIC ASPECTS
Authors: Bortnik S. M. , Grechenko V.A.
Published: January 2021

The activities of the militia in 1947 had their own peculiarities. This is, firstly, postwar
devastation, which has reached enormous proportions. Secondly, it was the 1946-1947 famine in Ukraine, that had the worst results in the first half of 1947. Thirdly, it a post-war morally-psychological situation in society is a habit to violence and application of weapon. Fourthly, a negative influence on counteraction to criminality was the abolition of death punishment in May in 1947. Fifthly, in 1947 there is the strengthening of the general repressiveness of the totalitarian regime in Ukraine, due to the return to the leadership of L.M.Kahanovych. Sixth, 1947 was the peak of the increase of criminality in the post-war years. Seventh, on December, 14 in 1947 by a government resolution was accepted «About realization of monetary reform and about the abolition of cards on food and industrial stuff». The basic activity of militia, related to this event, came true already in 1948, that is why we examine the beginning of this work only.
The review of literature testifies that a scientific problem is given is investigational not enough. The novelty of the article consists in that in her basic work of militia assignments are first studied in this certain historical period – 1947р., a question is complemented about the influence of structural changes in the organization of militia of Ukrainian SSR on counteraction to criminality. There was a reorganized control system of criminal search in these years, increase her basilar links and the number of skilled staff
increased. In 1947 from the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the Ministry of State Security were transferred departments to combat banditry. At the offices of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, there were organized special departments to combat speculation. Militiamen of Ukraine in these years in majority honestly carried out the duties. But legality and discipline in a militia remained at an insufficient level. A militia did not succeed to be obtained an improvement of the criminogenic situation – the crime in this year grew. Need a further study activity of militia in relation to counteraction to hooliganism in an indicated period and the work of district militia officers.
Keywords: Ukraine, 1947, militia, Ministry of Internal Affairs, counteraction of criminality.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF CUSTOMS AFFAIRS: EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION ON COUNTRY OF ORIGIN OF GOODS
Authors: Zhdanova V.Р.
Published: January 2021

Today, for the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, one of the priority areas of international customs cooperation is cooperation with the customs authorities of other countries on the fulfillment of the terms of current free trade agreements. In this context, the exchange of information on the country of origin of goods moving across the customs border of Ukraine is of particular importance, which is one of the important factors for intensifying trade between Ukraine and the European Union. The Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union defines a number of obligations that Ukraine must fulfill in order to harmonize national legislation with the requirements of the relevant legislation of the European Union.
Please note that there are now over 400 аgreements about free trade and preferential trade agreements that reduce customs tariffs on certain goods, provided they meet the specified origin criteria. However, many participants in foreign economic activity ignore the fact that they may claim tariff preferences or are uninformed in determining whether the goods they buy or sell are entitled to preferential treatment.
As a result, many international trade participants pay a fee for goods originating in countries that are parties to the Free Trade Agreements, losing a financial advantage over their competitors. However, many exporters also lose business opportunities, and micro, small and medium-sized enterprises are particularly affected. This article is aimed at exploring the main aspects of legal and organizational support for the exchange of information on issues of the country of origin of goods in the course of
customs in Ukraine. The author also intends to explore aspects of international cooperation of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine with other customs authorities in determining the country of origin of goods moving across the customs border of Ukraine. Determine the possibility of further application of the preferential conditions
provided for in the Free Trade Agreements concluded with the participation of Ukraine in the prevention, detection, and/or termination of customs-related violations of the origin of goods.
Keywords. information, exchange of information, product, country of origin of the product, international trade.
THE DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF «ELECTRONIC SERVICE»
Authors: Datsenko O.I.
Published: January 2021

The article defines the concept of “electronic service”, analyzes the normative and doctrinal approaches to the understanding of this institute, defines regulatory and legal acts on the regulation of electronic services in Ukraine, analyzes the legislation on the definition of the concept of “electronic service”, the correlation of various definitions of the concept, presented in the legislative acts, examples from foreign law concerning the concept of “electronic service” is given, the foreign experience of innovations is described, and the functioning and functioning of electronic services.
The author notes that scientific and technological progress brought in the 21st century a lot of new scientific as well as progressive technical achievements. Today, it’s hard to imagine a life without modern electronic technologies, including the Internet, electronic computers, various gadgets, and so on. For a long time, technology has rooted in our lives, and now it is commonplace in the society to realize business partnerships with the help of information and telecommunication technologies, to provide information interaction between the bodies of public administration (state authorities and local self-government), on the one hand, and also, individuals and legal entities on the other. Civilization has gradually come to the urgent need for the introduction of electronic technologies into the lives of every citizen by providing administrative public services electronically. It has long been clear that both receiving and providing such services are convenient, economically feasible, and appropriate in the current realities. Therefore, the study of the concept of «electronic services», to date, seems to be an actual direction of scientific activity, because the correct understanding of the legal nature, the essence
of this concept contributes to ensuring the proper mechanism of information interaction between subjects of power and citizens.
Keywords: electronic service, electronic input, information and telecommunication technologies, state bodies, public services.
THE FAMILY-LEGAL AGREEMENTS TA THEIR ROLE IN RESOLVING FAMILY DISPUTES
Authors: Kiselova O.I. , Kokhtenko R.V.
Published: January 2021

The article defines a definition of the family – law contract, its purpose, and analyzes the peculiarities of contractual regulation of family disputes. In the consideration of the premises of the current family- law of Ukraine, the article deals with the peculiarities of the construction of the family-legal contract, namely.
Classification of the family –law contracts, which can be concluded between individuals – subjects of family legal relations based on the provisions of the norms of the Family Code of Ukraine. It is determined that the family-legal agreement is a private-law act, which is concluded with the aim of regulating family relations between family members. Such a private legal action is based on the provisions of equality of the parties, their free expression of will, and property independence. It was found out that the subjects who can enter into family-legal contracts are exclusively individuals who are endowed with a characteristic such as family or marital status. The content of the family law contract
may be both property and non-property family rights and obligations. It was investigated that family law treaties play an extremely important role in settling family
disputes and are an alternative to solving such disputes in court. The value of family law contracts in settling family disputes is that they regulate property and non-property relationships between individuals – subjects of family relationships, according to their will, taking into account their personal views on family relationships. The ways of solving problems that hinder the conclusion of contracts by the participants of family legal relations with the aim of settling family disputes are offered.

Keywords: legal structure, family-law contract, construction of the contract, subjects of the contract, the content of the contract, terms of the contract, the form of contract, the purpose of the contract, types of contracts.
The dispute about law in urgent administrative cases at the
appeal of the bodies of revenue and fees
Authors: Skochylias-Pavliv O.V , Lesko N.V.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with current issues related to the procedure of consideration and resolution of urgent administrative cases at the appeal of the bodies of revenue and fees. The peculiarities of the specified category of cases which are manifested in the urgency; subject composition; notification of the participants of the case on the date, time and place of the case; filing of the claim; calculation of procedural terms; announcement and service of court decisions; appeal and cassation appeal; the court fee are analyzed. It is noted that the statements of the case are a statement of claim, reaction a statement of claim, a response to a reaction, a protest, a third party’s explanation of the statement claim, or reaction a statement of claim. The form of the appeal of tax authorities to the administrative court is a claim. Obviously, that is why in these categories of cases there are often misunderstandings regarding the payment of court fees as evidenced by a large number of decisions on leaving without motion the claim of bodies of revenue and fees on the ground of failure to submit to the court a document on payment of court fees. Central to the article is the consideration of the issue of understanding of the dispute about law as one of the grounds for refusing to open proceedings at the appeal of the bodies of revenue and fees. The only form of administrative proceedings is the consideration of the case on the statement of claim. As is well known, a lawsuit involves conflict between the parties. The mutual rights and obligations of the parties to prove their claims and objections constitute the substance of the dispute. However, the peculiarities of disputes at the request of the bodies of revenue and fees due to the fact that they don’t have a dispute about the law. It is noted that there is no legal definition of the term «dispute about the law», which significantly complicates the consideration and resolution of this category of cases. The interpretation of this concept exists only in judicial practice, in particular in resolutions of the Supreme Court but they are also contradictory. That’s why we consider it necessary to supplement article 283 Code of Administrative Proceedings of Ukraine a note defining the concept of «dispute about the law», which should be understood as a claim of the taxpayer to the tax authority regardless of the subject of the claim which may be submitted to administrative or judicial procedure.

Keywords: a dispute about law, administrative proceedings, administrative case, revenue, and fees, claim.
TRADE UNIONS AS AN INTEGRAL ELEMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE
Authors: Bezvin O.S.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the trade unions as a grant to protect the rights and interests of civil servants, reveals the main tasks of trade unions. The activity of trade union organizations in the structure of the state body in Ukraine is analyzed. The legal mechanisms of asserting the violated rights of a civil servant by a trade union organization of a public body and the role of trade unions in protecting the rights of civil servants in developed countries are emphasized.
The state at certain times gave the trade unions great powers to protect the rights and interests of workers, and then deprived the trade unions of these powers. In connection with this, various problems arose in regulating the activities of trade unions in the protection of individual and collective rights and interests in the protection of public servants. All this affected the legal status of trade unions. However, it should be noted that trade unions are in constant flux and this leads to improvements in the regulations governing their activities. However, it should be noted that today there are many problems in Ukraine regarding the exercise by the trade union organizations of their powers in the civil service. In particular, the legal status of trade unions in the civil service is not regulated enough, which, in turn, does not allow them to fully protect the legal rights and interests of civil servants.
Considering the importance of trade unions in protecting labor rights and the socio-economic interests of workers, in developing democratic forms of citizen participation in managing economic and political processes, a democratic, legal, and social state, which is Ukraine, should support trade unions and take care of legislative consolidation. their authority. Trade unions at all levels should once again return to the consideration of their core functions and pay attention to those that will now be more conducive to
the achievement of the main objective of the creation and activity of trade unions – the protection of social-labor rights and interests of trade union members.
Today’s Ukraine needs strong unions. A strong union is a union that effectively protects the interests of its members, enjoys their trust and support, is able to organize, if necessary, collective action to protect the socio-economic rights and interests of employees, has sufficient organizational, financial, and human resources to fulfill its statutory tasks.
Keywords: trade union organization, protection, rights, the role of trade unions, legal mechanisms.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF COMPUTER PROGRAMS AS OBJECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
Authors: Kanarik Y.S. , Sergienko B.B.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the legal protection of computer programs as intellectual property
rights. The analysis of theoretical and practical aspects of the existing system of protection of the computer program according to the rules of copyright is carried out and the possible ways of its improvement in accordance with the current conditions. As many scientists, in particular, Kirin R, S., Tarasenko L.L., Efremova T.F., emphasize the imperfection of the legal protection of this object of intellectual property rights, the possible ways of improving the legislative protection of computer programs in accordance with to the needs of today. We identify the strengths and weaknesses of the various legislative protection systems that are relevant today or those that could theoretically be applied to protecting computer programs. Particular attention has been paid to the emergence and development of the legal protection of computer programs in general since the 1960s. It has been revealed that from the very beginning, the legal protection industry has relied on various systems of protection, including copyright and patent law, and so on. In the future, with the development of intellectual property rights, in almost all states, a system for protecting computer programs as literary works has been adopted. However, in the current context, such legal protection is ineffective. And the more useful a computer program is, the more vulnerable it to copying. That is why the prevalence of unlicensed versions of computer programs is analyzed. So, about 85% of the population were found to be using, at least one, illegal copy of computer programs.
The main reasons for this phenomenon are the perception of intellectual property rights as a free resource, as well as fragmented, imperfect action by the state to identify and eliminate this type of offense.
Due to the urgency of the problem, the authors have proposed various options for protecting computer programs: in particular, the traditional protection of a computer program as a copyright object; protect your computer program by patent law. However, only if the program is part of a utility model or invention; protecting your computer program name as a trademark, etc.
Keywords: computer program, copyright, patent, source code, object code.
Historical background to preventing and preventing domestic violence
Authors: Baranova Ts.S.
Published: January 2021

The article is about exploring the historical background to countering and preventing domestic violence. It is established that the legal phenomenon under study has two components: an analysis of the causes of domestic violence and determining the location of each of the subjects covered by these relationships. It is concluded that, given the number of scientific works, the subject of which were separate elements
of the mechanism of prevention and counteraction to domestic violence, it is more expedient to study this phenomenon through the prism of establishing the historical preconditions for its occurrence. Today, it is crucial to study the genesis of domestic violence by researching scientific, historical, and religious sources, legislation in contemporary Ukraine, analyzing current legislation, comparing the domestic and western history of the problem of domestic violence to further determine the factors and ways to overcome it.
The purpose of the article is to investigate the historical aspects of domestic violence as a complex and historically stable phenomenon. The problem of domestic violence and prevention has been discussed for a long time, especially since the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Prevention of Domestic Violence» of November 15, 2001 No2789-III, however, scientists and practitioners have come to the conclusion that the existing
legislative norms did not perform their functions properly , and in order to comply with international standards, today this topic is again actively discussed in society and for good reason because according to statistics released during the voting for the Law, over 3 million children in Ukraine annually observe acts of violence in the country. themselves or their forced participants, and nearly 70% of women are subjected to various forms of abuse and humiliation. And here it is important to understand that the legislator must not just implement international standards, and wait for change. The main task of the state - to realize each of their sections in reality, while achieving the goals of the law, namely: to create an effective system aimed at ensuring the prevention of criminal acts against violence, preventing them, stopping and punishing them for such actions, creating an effective system of crime investigation, ensuring the effectiveness of remedies for every domestic violence victim.
Keywords: domestic violence, counteraction, prevention, fight against violence, causes.
A Critical Insight into Needs Assessment Technique and the Way Social Needs are Actually Assessed
Authors: Diori Hamidou Issaka
Published: January 2021

Needs assessment is regarded as a powerful tool for addressing the needs for a program, and for various other purposes including strategic planning for resource allocation, priority setting, and improving the course of an ongoing program. As such, it is portrayed as an ideal and necessary step in policymaking. On the other hand, however, there are some growing concerns about the actual needs assessment practice which is believed by many to be prejudicing the performance of countless policies and programs. Hence, looking into this dichotomy of views and the way social needs are actually assessed are of particular interest. The present contribution seeks to delve deep into the technique of needs assessment and to give an insight on what ought to be done in the field and what is being done in fact. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify and analyze all available research studies that address the function of needs assessment, the problem definition in need assessment, the identification and classification of needs, the definition, description, and specification of target populations, and the description of the nature of service needs. The content of the relevant sections in each study was then read and reread with the aim of determining how social needs are assessed indeed. The result has shown that needs, their identification, and the way they are met, are in most cases determined by experts and agencies, not the needy populations. The search has also revealed the existence of significant gaps between the needs identified by professionals and those seen as important by the people who they are supposed to benefit. Finally, the result suggests that experts and agencies’ definition and identification of needs or target populations only reflect their own views or choices of program activity and the reasons they brandish in seeking for funding.
Legal support of innovative activity of small and medium enterprises in Ukraine
Authors:   Simon Kusnets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Tyshchenko Viktoriia , Ostapenko Viktoriia ,   Department of Custom and Taxation, Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Shapovalova Alina ,   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics
Published: January 2021

In the context of European integration, the importance of state policy in the field of innovation of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized businesses, is growing. Therefore, the state of the regulatory framework should promote the development of Ukraine’s innovation system, which will increase the amount of foreign investment and increase the welfare of the population. All this requires effective coordination between legislative institutions. The dynamic formation of the legal basis for the development of innovation activities of small and medium enterprises shows positive trends, but attempts to intensify innovation activities have not been implemented in full. The article generalizes the Ukrainian legislative and regulatory support to support the innovation activities of small and medium enterprises. The structure of the institutional basis for supporting the innovation activities of small and medium enterprises was drawn up. Problems of functioning of the national innovation system are revealed. In the process of research the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, graphical and tabular method, system method. The state of the innovation system of Ukraine in relation to the world level is determined on the basis of international indices. The directions of solving the revealed problems of innovative activity of small and average enterprises are proposed, which should be solved by means of state policy tools.
Regionalism under Challenge: Ideas and Joko Widodo’s Foreign Policy towards ASEAN, 2014-2019
Authors: Rosyidin Mohamad , Pattipeilohy Shary Charlotte H.
Published: January 2021

Indonesia’s foreign policy under Joko Widodo ‘Jokowi’ has significantly shifted compared with his predecessor’s era, especially regarding policies on regionalism. While former President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono emphasises multilateralism with a particular focus on ASEAN, Jokowi’s administration tends to overlook ASEAN as a multilateral organization. The research investigates the causal root of the tendency by using the concept of ideas in foreign policy. The results argue that the diminished role of Indonesia in ASEAN, especially during the first term of Jokowi’s presidency, is strongly influenced by causal beliefs held by Indonesian political elites and presidential advisors. Despite varying from one individual to another, these ideas have similar characteristics in proposing that Indonesia should expand its concentric circle beyond ASEAN, arguing that ASEAN is intrinsically weak and thus can no longer accommodate Indonesian aspirations. This idea acts as a road map that defines Indonesia’s national interests amid international politics dynamics in the 21st century.
Policing Cyberspace: Understanding Online Repression in Thailand and the Philippines
Authors: Talamayan Fernan
Published: January 2021

Social networking sites have become increasingly relevant in the study of democracy and culture in recent years. This study explores the interconnectedness of social networks, the imposition of state control, and management of social behavior by comparing various literature on the operation of repression in Thai and Philippine cyberspaces. It examines the overt and covert policing of daily interactions in digital environments and unpacks governmental technologies’ disciplinary mechanisms following Michel Foucault’s notion of government and biopolitical power. Subjugation in the context of social networks merits analysis for it sheds light on the practice of active and passive self-censorship—the former driven by the pursuit of a moral self-image and the latter by state-sponsored fear. In tracing various points of convergence and divergence in the practice of cyber control in Thailand and the Philippines, the study found newer domains of regulation of social behavior applicable to today’s democracies.
MÉTODOS DE INJEÇÃO DA AMOSTRA EM MICROSSISTEMAS ELETROFORÉTICOS
Authors: Pinheiro Kemilly , Rezende Kariolanda , Coltro Wendell
Published: January 2021

SAMPLE INJECTION METHODS IN ELECTROPHORETIC MICROSYSTEMS. Electrophoresis is by far the most popular separation method implemented in microscale, most probably due to its instrumental simplicity, low cost and portability. Due to the increasing use of miniaturized electrophoretic systems, the study of fundamental aspects can improve the development of methodologies for several applications. One of the major challenges related to electrophoresis chips refers to the sample injection mode, in this way, this study presents a review on sample injection methods for microchip electrophoresis covering electrokinetic and hydrodynamic approaches, describing theoretic and instrumental aspects. Since the sample volume affects the analytical performance, the precise and reproducible control of the sample amount to be introduced into the separation channel is highly desirable to ensure reliable chemical analysis. Electrokinetic modes based on floating, pinched and gated protocols are presented and discussed providing an overview about the electrokinetic control of the sample through three methodologies. In the same way, hydrodynamic techniques including the use of microfabricated valves and pumps, syringe pumps, electronic micropipettes, rubber suction bulb and acupuncture needle are approached, thus expanding the view of hydrodynamic injectors based on classical and alternative methods.
CÁLCULO E PREPARO DE SOLUÇÕES TAMPÃO: GUIA COMPLETO USANDO O SOFTWARE PEAKMASTER®
Authors: Moreira Olívia , Castro Larissa , Oliveira Marcone
Published: January 2021

CALCULATION AND PREPARATION OF BUFFER SOLUTIONS: COMPLETE GUIDE USING THE SOFTWARE PEAKMASTER®. Buffers are a widely used resource to keep solutions from abruptly change their pH when amounts of acids or bases are added or when dilution occurs. Considering this, buffer is a topic addressed in several university majors and due its relevance should be well known by students and by all professionals who eventually need to prepared a buffer. Mistakes during the procedure might bring unwanted effects depending on the purpose of the buffer. Even though the theory behind buffers is extensively covered in textbooks, the calculations required can sometimes be interpreted as difficult. Therefore, the aim of this work is to disseminate a tool to assist on these calculations. We provide a practical guide on how to prepare buffers of the user’s choice with or without ionic strength adjustment. Exploring the free software PeakMaster®, the user can calculate pH, ionic strength, buffer capacity and predict the precise concentration of each component involved to the proper preparation of the most common and several others buffer solutions. In addition, we hope this paper can be helpful for anyone who is interested in acquire deeper knowledge about buffers.
DIFERENCIAÇÃO CATIÔNICA DE BENTONITAS POR INFRAVERMELHO: UM ESTUDO DOS EFEITOS DA HIDRATAÇÃO DOS CÁTIONS TROCÁVEIS
Authors: Rodrigues Andréia , Angélica Rômulo , Paz Simone
Published: January 2021

CATIONIC DIFFERENTIATION OF BENTONITES BY INFRARED: A STUDY OF THE HYDRATION EFFECTS OF EXCHANGEABLE CATIONS. In the bentonite industry, the most common procedure for quality control of the ore and the sodium activation process is the swelling method. However, this tool is restricted only to the differentiation of the sodium and non-sodium types, not considering the other cationic varieties. The objective of this study was to establish parameters for cationic differentiation of bentonites based on Near Infrared (NIR) and Medium (MIR) spectroscopy, which proved to be an effective technique in the cationic differentiation of bentonites using the characteristic bands “7072 cm-1” and “3620 and 3430 cm-1” under the condition of the dry-hydrated sample and not under the anhydrous condition. NIRS can be considered a measure of great scientific and technological contribution, as it allows the cationic differentiation of bentonites in a practical way and with low analytical cost.
Idārat Jūdat al-Ishrāf al-Lughawiy fi Tarqiyat Ta'līm al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyah bi Ma'had Jāmi‘ah Maulāna Mālik Ibrāhīm al-Islāmiyyah al-Ḥukūmiyyah Malang
Authors: Budiyah Bahroin
Published: January 2021

There is quality management with education subject who teach and guide college students in Arabic learning. Mushrifs is the santri’s companion in the first and second semester in Mahad Al-Jami’ah. In particular program, they teach Arabic in Mahad and conduct Arabic learning. The quality of Mushrifs of Language in improving Arabic learning is one of the objectives in order to generate good and success mushrifs in Mahad Al-Jami’ah.        The research problems were: 1) How is the planning quality of language guidance in improving Arabic learning in mahad al-jami’ah, 2) how is the organization quality of language guidance in improving Arabic learning in mahad al-jami’ah, 3) how is the implementation of quality Supervision of language in improving the Arabic learning in mahad al-jami’ah, 4) how is the supervision quality of language guidance in improving Arabic learning in mahad al-jami’ah. This study aimed to describe the planning, organization, implementation, and supervision of quality management of mushrifs in improving the Arabic learning in Mahad Al-jam’ah. This study used descriptive analysis design, and the data collections were through observation, interview and documentation, and through all those things to research in data’s about the quality management of language guidance. The results of quality management of language guidance study in improving the Arabic learning were: 1) in the planning stage, the first process was opening the registration for mushrifs’ candidates with a very strict selection, 2) in the organization aspect was the cooperation relationship between the mahad director, murabbi, and mushrifs of language with their tasks, 3) in the implementation aspect was through PSDM, language enrichmen, shabah al-lugah, gebyar bahasa competition and bilingual seminar; 4)  and in the supervision aspect was the supervision was conducted once in two weeks by murabbi of language.
Pengembangan Buku Ajar Keterampilan Menulis Bahasa Arab Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Sebagai Penunjang Kreativitas Mahasiswa
Authors: Elmubarok Zaim , Qutni Darul , Nawawi Muchlisin
Published: January 2021

Basic Arabic writing skills are included in the competency-based curriculum and conservation of the Arabic Education Study Program. Learning basic Arabic writing skills is provided through the taroqib wa takhawiljumal course. Learning basic Arabic writing skills, based on local wisdom, introducing our nation's culture and increasing students' creativity in writing Arabic. The research subjects were students who took taroqib wa takhawiljumal totaling 30 people, data collection methods used in this study included (1) potential and problems, (2) data collection, (3) product design, (4) design validation, (5) design revision. Learning basic Arabic writing skills based on local wisdom introduces students to their culture, creative in writing Arabic, and encourages to better written language.
Mushkilāt Ta‘līmi al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah fī Thailand wa al-Ḥulūl ‘Alaiha
Authors: Masrupi Masrupi , Murtadho Nurul , Huda Ibnu Samsul
Published: January 2021

The present research aims to describe linguistic and non-linguistic problems in Arabic learning process at “Songserm Wittaya Mulnithi Kuttao”, Thailand and to offer alternative solutions for both. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The result of this research are linguistic and non-linguistic problems; the linguistic problems are the difficulty in pronouncing some Arabic letters, the presence of tashrif in Arabic, and the differences in sentence arrangement and the non-linguistic problems are the learning method I used did not have any variation, the learning media I used did not have any variation, and the students are not motivated to learn Arabic. The alternative solutions to the linguistic problem are the repeating of Arabic letters that are different by Siam language for phonology problems, simplify the material of binyah kalimah and the material of mawaqi’ al i’rob for morphology problems, the giving of patterns of jumlah ismiyyah and jumlah fi’liyah and their examples for syntax efficiency problems. The alternative solutions to the non-linguistic problem are the use of learning methods that are varied and in accordance with the learning objectives, student conditions, and the material taught for the problems in the learning method, the use of learning media that are varied for the problems in the learning media, developing students' enthusiasm by learning Arabic for the problems in students.
Taṭwīru Mādah al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah ‘ala Asāsi al-Ta‘allum al-Ta‘āwuni
Authors: Mustofa Ady Muh. Zainul
Published: January 2021

Learning Arabic in MTs Unggulan Hikmatul Amanah in Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School really noticed a reading skill in the learning process, so that the students would be able to read Islamic religion literature written in Arabic language. This study aimed to describe developing process of Arabic language teaching material with Cooperative Learning approach for 7th grade students MTs Unggulan Hikmatul Amanah and to know a validity and also an effectiveness of the teaching material. Type of this study used developing steps by Borg and Gall in Sugiono’s book. Data in this study, had qualitative and quantitative. It was collected with interviews, questionnaire and tests.  Meanwhile, the data was analyzed descriptively and T test.  The results of this study indicate that the teaching materials developed are appropriate and effective for teaching Arabic at this level after going through a process of improvement based on expert judgment and field trials.
Media Sosial untuk Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab pada Masa Pandemi: Kajian Kualitatif Penggunaan WhatsApp pada Sekolah Dasar di Indonesia
Authors: Riqza Meidiana Sahara , Muassomah M
Published: January 2021

Learning in the era of 5.0 society has experienced rapid mediation, especially in educational program. Teachers began to innovate using various media, especially using WhatsApp in learning Arabic Language. Arabic language has been considered a very difficult and tedious subject for islamic elementary school children. Efforts and high creative power continue to be done to foster fun learning of Arabic language. The purpose of this study besides want to see how the process and application of WhatsApp social media in learning Arabic language is also to increase knowledge and insight for Arabic teachers in utilizing the development of technology and information at the islamic elementary school level. This research method uses qualitative research by using descriptive analysis. Data collection techniques in this study using observations, interviews, and document notes. The results of this research concluded that WhatsApp social media can facilitate learning and long distance communication between teachers and students when they are in a pandemic, create fun learning, train students' independence, and also have more values, an environmentally friendly. This research suggests that there is more supervision of students in applying WhatsApp social media to learning Arabic language at the islamic elementary school level.
Güneş Işınımı Tahmininde Ayrıştırma-Birleştirme Öğrenme Yaklaşımı
Authors: EŞLİK Ardan Hüseyin , AKARSLAN Emre , HOCAOĞLU Fatih Onur
Published: January 2021

Güneş enerjisi sistemlerinden elde edilecek elektrik enerjisi miktarı büyük oranda güneş ışınım değerine bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Bir güneş enerji sisteminin tasarımı ve planlaması, ışınım değerinin bilinmesi ile mümkündür. Güneş ışınım şiddetinin gün içerisinde yüksek değişkenlik gösteren bir yapıya sahip olması nedeniyle tek bir tahmin modeli kullanılarak bu değişimlerin yakalanması oldukça güçtür. Bu bağlamda, son yıllarda araştırmacılar tarafından tekli modellerin sınırlamalarının üstesinden gelmek ve öngörme hassasiyetini artırmak için farklı hibrit modeller ve yaklaşımlar önerilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, güneş ışınım şiddeti verilerinin tahmininde hibrit bir yaklaşım olan Ayrıştırma-Birleştirme öğrenme yaklaşımı kullanılarak yöntemin uygulanabilirliği ve performansı araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca ileriye yönelik güneş ışınımı tahminlerinin zaman çözünürlüğünün arttırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Güneş ve Rüzgâr Enerjisi Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi bünyesinde yer alan bir piranometre ile saatlik olarak ölçülmüş bir yıllık güneş ışınım verisi kullanılarak 15 günlük güneş ışınımı değeri saatlik olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Öğrenme yaklaşımında ayrıştırma işlemi için Ampirik Kip Ayrışımı (AKA), bireysel tahminler için ise En Küçük Kareler Destek Vektör Regresyon (EKK-DVR) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. EKK-DVR modellerinin en uygun parametre değerleri grid arama algoritması ve 5 katlamalı çapraz doğrulama yöntemleri kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar Ayrıştırma-Birleştirme öğrenme yaklaşımının güneş ışınım verilerinin tahmininde başarılı olduğunu göstermiştir.
Volumetric Efficiency Evaluation of the Use of Refrigerants R445a, R515a, R456a, ND, and R516a with Low GWP Instead of R134a
Authors: İŞKAN Ümit , DİREK Mehmet , KOYUNOĞLU Cemil , YÜKSEL Fikret
Published: January 2021

In this study, the performance of different refrigerants (with low GWP value) depending on thermophysical properties in the cooling system was evaluated. The cooling capacities of R134a, R445a, R515a, R456a, ND, and R516a refrigerants used in the cooling system are determined per unit refrigerant. If the compressor speed values and the volumetric efficiency of the compressor are constant, the results of the effects of the refrigerants in the cooling system are compared with each other. When the system is operated with R445a, the highest COP value is obtained when the volumetric efficiency value is 0.7. The R515a provided the closest COP value to R134a when the compressor speed was 1750 rpm and the 98% coefficient of performance value was similar. When the refrigerants considered are evaluated together, it was determined that R445a provides the best values according to R134a and has an average cooling capacity of approximately 12% is higher.