bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clássicos da literatura brasileira no formato de livroclip: (re)leitura e interatividade
Authors: Érica Costa da Silva Suelen
Published: February 2016

RESUMO: O objetivo desta comunicação é discutir como a produção de livroclip, interface interativa proveniente da computação gráfica, pode estimular o processo de (inter)ação dos aprendizes do Ensino Médio com obras clássicas da literatura brasileira, permitindo o ato de leitura e de (re)leitura como uma experiência de autonomia e liberdade leitora, que deveriam caracterizar o contato com toda e qualquer literatura, e como um processo interativo entre autor, texto e leitor, e também entre leitor e interface gráfica. Para tanto, serão utilizados os pressupostos teóricos defendidos por autores como Cosson, Barthes, Castro, Foucault, Genette, dentre outros. Acredita-se que, ao ler um clássico e (re)textualizá-lo para o formato de livroclip, o leitor irá (re)significar a obra, apresentá-la numa versão moderna, atualizada, construindo sentidos para o texto literário. A partir dos recursos oferecidos pela computação gráfica, são criadas possibilidades de o leitor ficcionalizar, ser um coprodutor, ativar sentidos, construir sentidos, interagir, experimentar o ato da leitura como (re)criação.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Livroclip. Clássicos da Literatura. Releitura. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this communication is to discuss how the production of livroclip, interactive interface from the computer graphics, can stimulate the process of (inter) action of high school learners with classic works of Brazilian literature, that is, allow the act of reading and (re) reading as an experience of autonomy and freedom reader featuring contact with any literature, an interactive process – author, text-reader – but also between player and graphic interface. Therefore, the theoretical assumptions defended by authors like Cosson (2007) will be used (2007), Barthes (1992), Castro (2008), Foucault (1996), Genette (1982), among others. It is believed that to read a classic and turn it to the livroclip format, the reader will reframe the work, make it a modern, updated version, building senses to the literary text. From the resources offered by computer graphics, possibilities are created for the reader fictionalizing, be a co-producer, turn directions, construct meaning, interact, experience the act of reading as recreation.KEYWORDS: Livroclip. Classics of Literature. Rereading.
Comissão das lágrimas: o horror é representável?
Authors: Bylaardt Cid Ottoni
Published: February 2016

No romance Comissão das lágrimas, de Lobo Antunes, a personagem Cristina encontra-se em uma clínica em Lisboa escrevendo, lembrando os horrores da Comissão das lágrimas, nome que se deu ao massacre dos dissidentes do regime de Agostinho Neto em Angola entre 1977 e 1979. O leitor percebe que a voz de Cristina compõe-se de múltiplas vozes que vão construindo o relato, de maneira fragmentada, embaraçada, descontínua. Este texto tem por objetivo refletir sobre o testemunho, sua constituição, como ele se processa na ficção, na tentativa de articular respostas para algumas questões. É possível representar o irrepresentável, se é que ele existe? É possível testemunhar? Como pode um texto literário servir de testemunho e representação do horror? A hipótese deste texto é que o testemunho se manifestará como um ressoar do evento, uma vibração que o mantém distante da literatura, mas que confere ao inimaginável o estatuto de hiperimaginável.
Os cadernos de campo de um etnopoeta: errância e registro nos poemas sobre Timor
Authors: Braga Duarte Drumond
Published: February 2016

O presente ensaio pretende dar conta da forma como a poesia de Ruy Cinatti é um lugar de negociação da alteridade. Daqui deriva que, nos poemas sobre Timor, a poesia cinattiana se recusa a assumir as poéticas do exotismo, do orientalismo e do primitivo. Em seguida, analisam-se algumas das relações entre poesia e ciência para a construção destes poemas.
A soldadeira na língua dos jograis e dos trovadores
Authors: Cunha Viviane
Published: February 2016

No século XIII, período de apogeu da poesia galego-portuguesa, algumas mulheres se destacaram pela sua produção artística. Trata-se das jogralesas, mais conhecidas como soldadeiras, que interpretavam a música e a dança e recebiam um “soldo” como pagamento de sua arte, daí o seu nome. Os poetas trovadorescos as cantaram e satirizaram, o que pode ser percebido no repertório das cantigas de escárnio e de mal dizer, do Cancioneiro galego-português. Neste trabalho será enfocada uma soldadeira que tornou-se um ícone: Maria Balteira, cujas “performances” foram abordadas por vários trovadores.
O engenheiro das flores
Authors: Costa Letícia Villela Lima da
Published: February 2016

Este artigo trata de alguns aspectos da obra de Ruy Cinatti, poeta que, dentro do vasto panorama da poesia portuguesa do século XX, destaca-se pela sua singularidade. Sua poesia, bem como seus estudos científicos, evidenciam a preocupação e o conhecimento do autor com relação às questões ecológicas e antropológicas. Com sua formação científica interdisciplinar, tinha uma grande capacidade de enxergar a relação do homem com o meio em que vive de forma ampla e abrangente. Estas ideias refletem-se nos poemas que dedicou a Timor. A visão interdisciplinar e sensível do mundo torna sua obra poética e científica especial e singular, fazendo de Ruy Cinatti personagem fundamental na literatura portuguesa.
Cinatti, improvável “maître à penser”: “ecce homo”…
Authors: Borges Vera
Published: February 2016

Cinatti consubstancia em si o ideal do poeta profeta, portador de uma revelação, na tradição dos primeiros românticos, extremada na versão rimbaudiana, remontando as suas raízes à Grécia. Visionária e libertária, modelar no rigor científico, íntegra na abordagem confessional, a multifacetada e no entanto profundamente consequente obra de Cinatti começa hoje a merecer uma mais generalizada admiração, como a de que era alvo por um pequeno círculo de entendidos e cúmplices na aventura poética, que se tinham iniciado com ele, como ele, nos idos dos anos 40 do século passado. A sua obra, sempre lúcida e exigente, é consistente até na manifestação do desnorte. Em virtude da assunção plena de hesitações, contradições e incapacidades, do seu desassombro e versatilidade, Cinatti revela-se um improvável e desafiante maître à penser para o nosso tempo. Podemos ver também nele uma encarnação eloquente do “Ecce Homo”, o Homem das Dores, à escala da humanidade cinattiana: torturado, ciente desde muito cedo do seu pendor ou fundo lodoso,simultaneamente iniludível (em termos humanos), mas resgatável (pela graça divina).
A ars poetica de Fernando Pessoa à luz da poética aristotélica
Authors: Martins Maria Manuela Brito
Published: February 2016

O presente estudo centra-se, particularmente, na teoria poética de Fernando Pessoa e de António Mora, procurando captar os elementos que se inspiram e se constroem em consonância com os motivos e as ideias patentes na poética de Aristóteles. Num primeiro momento o trabalho expõe algumas das ideias fundamentais da teoria poética de Fernando Pessoa e do pré-heterónimo António Mora, revelando os elementos constitutivos da concepção poética clássica. Num segundo momento, o estudo explora algumas características que compõem a arte poética de Aristóteles na sua Poética, reapropriadas por Fernando Pessoa na sua estética literária e filosófica.
Fate and prodigies in roman religion and literature
Authors: Kuhlmann Peter
Published: February 2016

La religión romana tradicional no conoce el concepto de un determinismo. La creencia en los prodigios y las prácticas de expiación no impiden la libertad de acción para los hombres. Sin embargo la filosofía estoica trata de armonizar la creencia en los signos divinos y las prácticas de expiación con el concepto de determinismo. Cicerón muestra la incompatibilidad del ritualismo romano con el determismo estoico. En los textos literarios como historiografía, biografía y epopeya los signos difi eren de los prodigios de la religión tradicional y tienen funciones más bien narrativas, aunque presuponen una creencia general en este fenómeno. Como motivo literario el uso de prodigios perdura hasta la época cristiana, lo que muestra una gran continuidad cultural durante toda la historia romana
La protohistoria del teatro de Miguel Hernández
Authors: Chicharro Chamorro Dámaso
Published: February 2016

Estudiamos las primeras obras teatrales de Miguel Hernández como fuente expresiva de lo que será su gran creación (El rayo que no cesa), cuyo estilo, lenguaje y capacidad lírica total no se entienden sin sus primeras obras de teatro, género al que pensaba dedicarse profesionalmente y no a la poesía, tal como hoy lo conocemos
Los modelos discursivos femeninos en la preceptiva epistolarla "Cosa nueva" de Gaspar de Texeda
Authors: Navarro Gala María Josefa
Published: February 2016

Desde sus orígenes, la preceptiva epistolar excluyó a las mujeres, mostrándolas sólo en contadas ocasiones y únicamente como potenciales receptoras de cartas circunscritas al ámbito afectivo. El atípico Primero Libro de cartas mensajeras de Gaspar de Texeda (1547-1553) transforma por completo esta situación. Se trata de un formulario innovador no sólo porque incluye preceptos para la instrucción de las mujeres escritoras de cartas, sino especialmente por el elevado número de modelos femeninos que presenta y por la gran variedad tipológica ejemplifi cada por sus epistológrafas. El repertorio texediano es un caso excepcional en la tratadística coetánea y posterior, tan restrictivas respecto a la práctica dictaminal de las mujeres como sus antecesoras
Refranes y género
Authors: Echevarría Isusquiza Isabel
Published: February 2016

La riqueza heterogénea del Vocabulario de Correas invita a realizar una aproximación amplia a la paremiología desde el género, más allá de la misoginia del refranero, sin duda uno de sus rasgos temáticos sobresalientes, pero que no es el tema de este trabajo. Sí tratamos de contemplar cómo las fi guras femeninas aparecen representadas por su propia voz, para observar cómo hablan en los refranes, escenifi - cando el estereotipo de sus conductas y palabras. Y de “las mujeres de la fraseología” llegaremos a “la fraseología de mujeres”, es decir, aquella que les es propia y lleva su huella, porque forma parte de su educación a través de la transmisión oral de saberes prácticos y de consejos morales
Hepatopatía crónica e insuficiencia hepática en un lactante con malformación de la placa ductal
Authors: Zárate-Mondragón Flora , López-Corella Eduardo
Published: February 2016

Paciente masculino de 5 meses, producto de la segunda gesta de una madre de 33 años, sana, con control prenatal, ingesta de ácido fólico y multivitamínicos. Fue obtenido por cesárea por falta de progresión del trabajo de parto, a término, con peso de 3 800 g, talla 52 cm, Apgar 8-9, lloró y respiró al nacer. Egresó al segundo día como “binomio” sano. Onfalorrexis a los 20 días. Sin antecedentes herodofamiliares de importancia para el padecimiento actual. Alimentado con leche materna exclusivamente hasta el tercer mes; posteriormente recibió alimentación mixta con fórmula de inicio, sin alimentación complementaria. El tamizado metabólico neonatal se reportó como normal, esquema de vacunación completo para la edad.

 
The Evidence Behind the Treatment of Canine Idiopathic Epilepsy
Authors: Charalambous Marios , Brodbelt David , Volk Holger Andreas
Published: February 2016

Oral phenobarbital and imepitoin in particular, followed by potassium bromide and levetiracetam are likely to be effective for the treatment of canine idiopathic epilepsy. There is strong evidence supporting the use of oral phenobarbital and imepitoin as ‘first line’ medications. However, there remains a lack of evidence for targeted treatment for the various individual epileptic phenotypes and quite limited evidence on direct comparisons of the efficacy between various anti-epileptic drugs.
J M Keynes on the Definition of Uncertainty: Why Uncertainty must come in Degrees and has nothing to do with Ergodicity or Non Ergodicity
Authors: Brady Michael Emmett
Published: February 2016

Keynes’s definition of uncertainty is directly based on his weight of the argument (evidence) relation, analyzed in chapters 6 and 26 of the A Treatise on Probability (1921), page 148,as well as the footnote on page 148 ,of the General Theory (1936) ,and multiple pages of his February, 1937 Quarterly Journal of Economics article. There is no discussion of the definition of Uncertainty in his exchanges with Jan Tinbergen in 1939-40 in the Economic Journal.

Paul Davidson and his Post Keynesian-Institutionalist supporters base their Ergodic-Non Ergodic approach to the definitions of uncertainty and risk on the inductive fallacy of Conditional A priorism (Long Runism).The claim , made by Paul Davidson and his Post Keynesian-Institutionalist supporters for over 30 years, that decision makers are able to identify the ergodicity or non ergodicity of long run stochastic sequences or series of events or outcomes in the short run ,based on Davidson’s claim that decision makers are able to know or learn of the convergence properties of such series or sequences, which can only be known “in the long run “(infinity), by examining sub series or sub sequences ,is patently false and not accepted by any scholar in any other academic field .

Davidson bases his binary approach to uncertainty, which rules out any concept of different degrees to knowledge (certainty) and unknowledge (uncertainty), on both metaphysical speculations and/or a priori claims to knowledge. There can be no such thing as probable knowledge under this binary approach.
Local government financial condition and sustainable development of communities in Nigeria
Authors: Edet Usang Obal Usang , Salim Basariah
Published: February 2016

This paper aims at examining the financial condition of local governments in Nigeria and to assess its implications on sustainable development of communities. Secondary data from 122 local governments for a period of three years were utilized in examining the financial conditions of local governments in Nigeria. Findings show that the financial condition of local governments in Nigeria is poor, indicating financial distress. Hence, the deteriorating state of communities as less is available for development. There is need for the development of revenue generating and management strategies by local government administrators in order to ensure sustainable community development.
Bernhard Hurch (edición crítica con anotaciones filológicas) (2013). Arte y vocabulario del idioma huasteco [1711]. Seberino Bernardo de Quirós. Madrid: Iberoamericana, Vervuert y Bonilla Artigas Editores.
Authors: Meléndez Guadarrama Lucero
Published: February 2016

El Arte y vocabulario del idioma huasteco es un manuscrito de principios del siglo XVIII que se creía perdido hasta hace muy poco y del que sólo teníamos menciones de su existencia en otros estudios sobre el huasteco. El manuscrito está fechado en 1711, y se sitúa cronológicamente entre las dos únicas obras coloniales que han sobrevivido hasta nuestros días, a saber, la Doctrina christiana en la lengua guasteca con la castellana de fray Juan de la Cruz (1571) y la Noticia de la Lengua Huasteca del bachiller Carlos de Tapia Zenteno (1767), lo cual la convierte en una obra muy valiosa entre los escasos registros escritos de este idioma.
Oncology Referral Concerning Paediatric Neurosurgery? Analysis of the Situation between 2008-2013 in the North of Portugal
Authors: Batista Ana , Nogueira-Silva Luís , Vaz Rui , Oliveira Joana
Published: February 2016

Introduction: Primary central nervous system tumours represent the second most frequent neoplasm and are the leading cause of death from solid tumours in children. Our study aimed to provide the most up-to-date epidemiological analysis of primary central nervous system tumours in children living in the north of Portugal and to explore a possible effect of the centralisation of care on outcomes.Material and Methods: This population-based study included all newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed primary central nervous system tumours in people below 18 years old, living in the north of Portugal, from January 2008 to December 2013. Data were collected through access to clinical files. We described children and tumour characteristics, and analysed patient: paediatric neurosurgeon and histological tumour type: paediatric neurosurgeon ratios.Results: A total of 147 cases was recorded. Mean age at diagnosis of primary central nervous system tumours was 8.0 ± 5.2 years. Astrocytomas were the most common histological type (34%). We found that World Health Organization Tumour Grade was the only variable of statistically significant influence in mortality (p = 0.001). 1-, 3- and 5-year survivals related to 2008-2013 period were statistically higher than 2005 - 2007. Astrocytomas have the highest survival rate, with statistically significant difference from other tumours (p = 0.015). We estimated a mean of 12.25 treated cases per year by each paediatric neurosurgeon at our institution.Discussion: Our results are globally consistent with those published all over the world, but we reported the highest survival rates. The number of cases treated per year by each neurosurgeon is accordant to the recommended.Conclusion: We showed an improvement when comparing to data previous to 2008 and better results than those from previous studies, namely higher survival at 1-, 3- and 5-years from the diagnosis, with low complication and relapsing rates. Therefore, the referral of primary central nervous system tumours cases to centres with larger experience can be invaluable for the achievement of the best outcomes.
Are Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Caregivers at Higher Risk for Health Problems?
Authors: Pinho Ana Catarina , Gonçalves Edna
Published: February 2016

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rare neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. Patients present with progressive physical impairment, respiratory failure being the main cause of death. A significant portion of patients presents neurobehavioral problems as well. As severe impairment occurs, patients become highly dependent and in general, their families assume the role of primary caregivers, exposing them to stress and other potential causes of disease like insomnia, physical strain from patients’ mobilization and changes on eating habits. The aim of this work is to understand if taking care of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis increases disease and health problems on caregivers.Material and Methods: Comprehensive review of the literature published on the electronic databases PubMed and Scopus between 2010 and 2014.Results: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. We found that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caregivers have higher levels of burden, depression and anxiety with lower quality of life. This is associated to age and gender of caregivers, time spent caring, patients’ disability and neurobehavioral changes. Higher sense of support and spirituality on family seem to promote wellbeing.Discussion: On our work, we were able to understand that several factors have influenced caregivers’ quality of life and affect their health. Besides, we could understand that the outcomes studied are related between themselves and, as seen in some of the studies, related to patients’ quality of life itself. Consequently, it has become essential to adopt a holistic approach of these patients and their families, fighting the deteriorating risk factors and investing on health promoters.Conclusion: Despite the large body of research on family caregiving for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, little has changed and the outcomes measured remain almost the same before and after 2010. The work indicates that caregivers have lower levels of health than the general population. Still additional research is required, in order to better understand and characterized the changes on caregivers’ health. It is nevertheless clear that health care professionals cannot ignore these health changes and need an approach focused not only on patients but also on caregivers.
As Trinta e Seis Vistas do Monte Fuji e a Primeira Consulta de Oncologia
Authors: Dantas de Brito Margarida
Published: February 2016

Palavras-chave: Agendamento de Consultas; Medicina na Arte; Neoplasias; Pintura.
Thank You, Reviewers of Acta Médica Portuguesa
Authors: Marinho Rui Tato , Silva José Manuel
Published: February 2016

N/a
Analysis of the Cochrane Review: Incentives for Smoking Cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;5:CD004307.
Authors: Vaz-Carneiro António , Costa João
Published: February 2016

Material incentives for alteration or reinforcement of healthy behaviours have been widely used in several health systems. These incentives, which are used in various contexts such as workplaces, health facilities or community programs, have been successfully implemented in smoking cessation programs. This systematic review - a third updated version of two published previously - sought to determine if a given set of incentives increased abstinence rates in smokers of medium and high risk (pregnant women). The authors searched several databases until December 2014: the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Two trials published in 2105 were included. The main results were:- In mixed populations (medium risk) six months after the onset there is a greater probability of withdrawal in patients subject to incentives. Direct payments to smokers - through different forms - were particularly effective (North American studies);- In populations of pregnant women (high risk), incentives caused a higher abstinence rate either during pregnancy or in the long term (up to 24 weeks postpartum).The authors conclude that the incentives appear to be effective in increasing the rate of smoking cessation in medium-risk as well as high-risk populations (e.g. pregnant women).
Water-Content Effects on Dynamic Elastic Properties of Organic-Rich Shale
Authors: Lai Bitao , Li Hui , Zhang Jilin , Jacobi David , Georgi Dan
Published: February 2016

Acoustic-velocity measurements are an important nondestructive way to investigate dynamic rock-mechanical properties. Water content and bedding-plane-induced anisotropy are reported to significantly affect the acoustic velocities of siliciclastic sandstones and laminated carbonates. This relationship in organic-rich shales, however, is not well-understood and has yet to be investigated. The mechanical properties of organic-rich shales are affected by changes in water content, laminations, total organic content (TOC), and microstructures. In particular, kerogen density that accompanies changes in the composition of the TOC during maturity can significantly influence the acoustic responses within source rocks.

To understand how these variables influence acoustic responses in organic shales, two sets of cores from the Eagle Ford shale were investigated: one set cut parallel to bedding and the other perpendicular to bedding. Textures of the samples from each set were characterized by use of computed-tomography (CT) scanning. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to measure the water content, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to analyze the mineralogy. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was also used to characterize the microstucture. Acoustic-velocity measurements were then made on each set at various confining pressures with the ultrasonic pulse-transmission technique.

The results show that confining pressure, water content, and laminations have significant impact on both compressional-wave (P-wave) and shear-wave (S-wave) velocity. Both velocities increase as confining pressure increases. Velocities measured from cores cut parallel to bedding are, on average, 20% higher than those cut perpendicular to bedding. Increasing water content decreases both velocities. The impact of water content on shear velocity was found to be significant compared with the response with compressional velocity. As a result, the water content was found to lower both Young's modulus and shear modulus, which is opposite to the reported results in conventional reservoir lithology. In addition, both P- and S-wave velocities show a linear decrease as TOC increases, and they both decrease with increasing of clay content. The mechanisms that lead to water-content alteration of rock-mechanical properties might be a combined result of the clay/water interaction, the chemical reaction, and the capillary pressure changes.
Bioenergy Yields of Several Cropping Systems in the U.S. Corn Belt
Authors: Nafziger Emerson D. , Villamil María B. , Niekamp Jason , Iutzi Frederick W. , Davis Vince M.
Published: February 2016

While it seems likely that a crop production system designed for bioenergy production would differ from one designed for production of grain, there has been little research to validate this. In a study conducted over 2 yr at two Illinois sites, we found that full‐season corn (Zea mays L.) both yielded more grain and produced a larger amount of biomass energy (GJ ha−1) than other systems, though the systems in which rye (Secale cereale L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvested as forage or field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) harvested as seed followed by double‐cropped corn did not yield significantly less energy; these four corn‐based systems produced an average of 351 GJ ha−1 of biomass energy. Winter wheat or rye harvested as forage followed by double‐cropped soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] produced 35% less energy that did the corn‐based systems, and systems in which wheat was harvested as grain followed by double‐cropped soybean produced 38% less energy than the corn‐based systems. Systems with canola (Brassica napus L.) or field pennycress harvested for seed followed by double‐cropped soybean and full‐season soybean produced an average of only 198 GJ ha−1 or 44% less energy than the corn‐based systems. Despite the higher energy content of oil‐rich seeds such as canola and pennycress, higher biomass production by corn‐based systems leads to higher energy yields, despite the lower energy content of this biomass.
Germination in Three Switchgrass Populations after Two Cycles of Divergent Selection for Seed Weight
Authors: Cortese Chaves Laura M. , Bonos Stacy A.
Published: February 2016

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is an emerging bioenergy crop in the US, but little has been done by breeders to improve its poor seed germination and slow and inconsistent establishment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of divergent selection for seed weight on germination in three switchgrass populations over two cycles with and without a cold stratification treatment. Seed from switchgrass populations 9064202, ‘Carthage’, and ‘Timber’ was sorted into light and heavy weight classes via a gravity deck and germinated in a growth chamber. Seedlings were planted to the field in isolated crossing blocks. Seed from these blocks was sorted and germinated following a divergent selection scheme for a second cycle. Seed was harvested from all derived crossing blocks representing all cycles of selection and subjected to a cold or no stratification treatment and germinated in a growth chamber. One cycle of selection for heavy seed resulted in an increase in progeny seed weight in 9064202 and Carthage but not Timber. A second cycle of selection gave unexpected results, probably due to the effects of genetic drift. The effect of seed weight was not significant for germination percentage or germination rate index. Dormancy had a larger impact on overall germination and germination rate than seed weight in the populations tested. Therefore, selection efforts focused on reducing dormancy rather than increasing seed weight are likely to be more successful in improving overall germination and germination rate in switchgrass population 9064202 and cultivars Carthage and Timber.
Phosphate and Organic Amendments for Safe Production of Okra from Metal‐Contaminated Soils
Authors: Eissa Mamdouh A.
Published: February 2016

There is little information available on the impact of superphosphate and compost on the uptake of metals by okra (Abelmoschus esculentusL. Moench). The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of superphosphate and compost in reducing metals uptake by okra to healthy acceptable levels. A field experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted to investigate the effect of superphosphate (SP) and compost (C) on the availability and uptake of heavy metals by okra cultivated on a metals contaminated soil. The application of SP or C significantly (P< 0.05) reduced the availability and uptake of Cu, Pb, and Cd by okra. The C+SP treatment reduced the concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cd in the edible portion of okra by 14, 35, and 38%. The combined application of C and SP was more effective in reducing the Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations compared to the sole application of each amendment. The edible portion of okra collected from the unfertilized contaminated soil or that which received only C or SP contained toxic levels of Pb and Cd, while the concentrations of the two metals were below the safe limits when the two amendments were applied together. The result of the current study clearly indicated that it is feasible to apply P fertilizer and compost together to alleviate root‐to‐shoot transfer of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in okra.

Core Ideas

The study aims to find the optimum plants and fertilization management for contaminated soils.

Compost and superphosphate reduced metals concentrations in okra fruit.

Okra fruit was safe for human consumption only when the two amendments applied together.
Genotypic Differences of Japonica Rice Responding to High Temperature in China
Authors: Huang Liying , Sun Yang , Peng Shaobing , Wang Fei
Published: February 2016

Lacking cultivars with both high yield potential and tolerance to high temperature is the main constraint for planting japonica (Oryza sativa japonica) in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River. In this study, grain yield and quality of 11 elite japonica cultivars together with two indica(O. sativa indica) mega cultivars (YLY6 and HHZ) were studied in 2012 and 2013. The year 2012 was a cool year with an average temperature of 24.6°C, while 2013 was a hot year with an average temperature of 26.2°C. So genotypic differences in response to high temperature among the japonica cultivars were determined through analyzing the differences in grain yield and quality between the 2 yr. Compared with 2012, reduction in grain yield of 2013 ranged from 8.86 to 65.24% for japonica cultivars, and by –2.11 and 16.19% for YLY6 and HHZ, respectively. The reduction in grain yield resulted from decreases in grain‐filling percentage and growth duration. There were significant differences in response to high temperature among these japonica cultivars. Cultivar CY2, HH3, and ZD11 escaped high temperature stress during the anthesis and grain‐filling period due to their long growth duration. WYG24, YG4227, and NG44 were tolerant, while JD263, HD13, and LG7 sensitive to high temperature at anthesis. This study demonstrates genotypic differences in response to high temperature among the elite japonica cultivars from different areas of China and provides cultivars with high temperature tolerance that could be used as donors in rice (O. sativa L.) breeding for a warmer world.

Core Ideas

Genotypic differences in Japonica responding to high temperature were studied in natural environment.

There were significant differences in high temperature tolerance among the elite japonica cultivars in China.

Some cultivars escaped high temperature in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River.
Involvement of Year‐to‐Year Variation in Thermal Time, Solar Radiation and Soil Available Moisture in Genotype‐by‐Environment Effects in Maize
Authors: Lee E.A. , Deen W. , Hooyer M.E. , Chambers A. , Parkin G. , Gordon R. , Singh A.K.
Published: February 2016

Year‐to‐year variability in temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation is increasing due to global climate change. This enhanced variation will likely lead to more frequent and larger genotype‐by‐environment interaction (G × E) effects impacting genetic gains from selection. In this study G × E effects are examined in the absence of genetic variation for thermal time requirements (i.e., phenology), with an understanding of which physiological mechanisms are responsible for genotypic differences in grain yield, using a series of developmental windows, and in the context of fully characterized environments. Using a set of hybrid RILs of the classic Iodent × Stiff Stalk heterotic pattern, we demonstrate that the hybrid RILs are phenologically uniform and that grain yield differences are due primarily to genetic variation in dry matter accumulation during the grain filling period. We demonstrate that annual fluctuations in thermal time and solar radiation during key windows of development are causing G × E effects, and that variation in soil available water is not a major contributor to the G × E effects. Finally, we present evidence to support the concept that G × E effects resulting in crossover interactions occur due to how the genotypes respond to environmental factors that impact development, while G × E effects resulting in changes in magnitude arise due to variation in how genotypes respond to growth‐related environmental parameters.
Herbage Accumulation, Nutritive Value, and Persistence Responses of Rhizoma Peanut Cultivars and Germplasm to Grazing Management
Authors: Mullenix M. Kimberly , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Wallau Marcelo O. , Blount Ann R. , Vendramini João M.B. , Silveira Maria L.
Published: February 2016

Forage legumes increase nutritive value and provide N to grass‐based grazing systems. Few legumes have a long stand life in the southeastern US, but persistence is documented for rhizoma peanut (RP; Arachis glabrata Benth.). Several RP introductions have been released recently from the University of Florida, but their responses to grazing management have not been evaluated. The objective was to determine productivity, persistence, and nutritive value of three RP cultivars (‘Florigraze’, ‘UF Peace’, and ‘UF Tito’) and the germplasm Ecoturf grazed every 3 or 6 wk to remove 50 or 75% of pre‐grazing canopy height. Herbage accumulation (HA) was not different among RP entries and averaged 8790 and 6210 kg ha‐1 in Years 1 and 2, respectively. Greater HA occurred for the regrowth interval of 6 wk vs. 3 wk in the 50% removal treatment (8040 and 7010 kg ha‐1, respectively), and the response approached significance (P = 0.073) for the 75% treatment (7800 vs. 7140 kg ha‐1, respectively). Treatments had minimal effect on nutritive value, and all entries had crude protein (CP) ≥ 140 g kg‐1 and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) ≥ 660 g kg‐1. Grass encroachment was greater in Ecoturf and Florigraze when grazed every 3 wk (13 and 24%, respectively) than every 6 wk (7 and 15%, respectively), but regrowth interval did not affect grass percentage in Peace and Tito. New RP cultivars and germplasm had similar HA as Florigraze, but also greater percentage RP and lesser weed frequency than Florigraze, especially under frequent or close grazing.
A Primary Care Perspective on Gout
Authors: Rimler Eva , Lom Jennifer , Higdon Jason , Cosco Dominique , Jones Danielle
Published: February 2016

Gout causes patients’ significant morbidity, work-related disability, loss of productivity, increased health care costs, and even all-cause hospital admissions. As a result, primary care providers must be armed with the knowledge to properly diagnose and manage gout. While many aspects of care remain the same, some key updates that primary care providers must consider when treating their patients with gout will be discussed. In this perspective we will highlight and discuss acceptable circumstances for empiric treatment, renewed emphasis on treat to target, access to commonly used medications, recommended first line agents, and the role of primary care physicians in gout flare prevention among other topics. These strategies will aid primary care physicians treat all but the most complex cases of gout.
Radon-thoron measurements in air and soil from some districts of northern part of India
Authors: Mann Nisha , Kumar Amit , Kumar Sushil , Chauhan Rishi
Published: February 2016

Radon, thoron and their progenies in the indoor environment are considered as
one of the health hazards. The alpha emitting nature of these gases made it
possible to detect in indoor environment with the help of nuclear track
detector techniques. The soil is the main source of indoor radon as it
contains varying amounts of uranium and thorium. Thus the exhalation of radon
from soil and its environmental activity needs to be studied. In the present
study, the measurement of the indoor radon-thoron from the indoor environment
and exhalation from soil are carried out using solid state nuclear track
detector technique from Sirsa and Bhiwani districts of northern part of
India. The canister technique was used to measure the radon ex- halation rate
from the soil samples collected from the study area and pinhole based
radon-thoron dosimeters were used to measure indoor radon and thoron
concentration. The results show that indoor radon concentration varied from 9
to 28 Bq/m3, with an average of 18.9 Bq/m3 and from 5 to 21 Bq/m3, with an
average of 13.8 Bq/m3, for Bhiwani and Sirsa, respectively. Similarly, thoron
concentration varied from 14 to 48 Bq/m3, with average of 28.9 Bq/m3 and 27
to 54 Bq/m3, with the average of 39.0 Bq/m3, for Bhiwani and Sirsa,
respectively. The mass exhalation rates from soil samples were also measured,
to estimate their contribution to indoor radon. A correlation study was
carried out between soil exhalation rates and indoor radon concentration.
Development of a test system for high level liquid waste partitioning
Authors: Duan Wu , Chen Jing , Wang Jian , Wang Shu , Wang Xing
Published: February 2016

The partitioning and transmutation strategy has increasingly attracted
interest for the safe treatment and disposal of high level liquid waste, in
which the partitioning of high level liquid waste is one of the critical
technical issues. An improved total partitioning process, including a
tri-alkylphosphine oxide process for the removal of actinides, a crown ether
strontium extraction process for the removal of strontium, and a calixcrown
ether cesium extraction process for the removal of cesium, has been developed
to treat Chinese high level liquid waste. A test system containing 72-stage
10-mm-diam annular centrifugal contactors, a remote sampling system, a rotor
speed acquisition-monitoring system, a feeding system, and a video
camera-surveillance system was successfully developed to carry out the hot
test for verifying the improved total partitioning process. The test system
has been successfully used in a 160 hour hot test using genuine high level
liquid waste. During the hot test, the test system was stable, which
demonstrated it was reliable for the hot test of the high level liquid waste
partitioning.
The role of civil society in fostering government accountability in contemporary Serbia: On the limits of depoliticized social activism
Authors: Vukovic Danilo
Published: February 2016

It is often assumed that vibrant civil society is precondition for democracy,
government accountability and rule of law. Following this assumption,
international development agencies, civil society organizations and even
governments are participating in activities aiming for the social
accountability, that is, accountability of governments towards societies. In
this article I am analyzing activities of prominent Serbian non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) in the field of fostering government accountability. The
analysis focuses on their ability to shift the balance of social and
political power away from the state. The analysis is primarily based on
empirical data collected through a series of in-depth interviews with
representatives of NGOs. It reveals that NGOs follow policy-not-politics,
that is, a depoliticized approach, that they target individual citizens and
not social groups and nurture relationships with state institutions and
public officials with whom they cooperate. They demonstrate a weak ability to
(1) initiate wider civic mobilization or (2) establish solid institutional
preconditions for government accountability. Thus, available data suggests
that Serbian NGOs have weak potential to contest power of the state and thus
contribute to strengthening government accountability and rule of law.
Procedural fairness and the legitimacy of laws in Hungary: An empirical analysis
Authors: Boda Zsolt , Medve-Bálint Gergő
Published: February 2016

The 2010 election in Hungary resulted in the victory of Fidesz, a
conservative party which acquired a comfortable majority in the parliament
and used it to initiate a number of important policy reforms. However, there
are good reasons to think that both the way these reforms were adopted and
their content violated a number of procedural fairness norms, such as
participation in decision making and even some aspects of the rule of law.
According to David Beetham, Tom Tyler and others, legitimacy is dependent on
moral evaluations concerning the ruling power, and among those evaluations,
perceptions of the procedural fairness being exercised by the authorities are
of a crucial importance. If the theory holds, then the legitimacy of Fidesz?s
rule would have eroded over the years, and indeed this is what happened, by
2012 trust in the government and in political institutions has dropped to the
levels seen before the 2010 elections. But since economic problems have
persisted, we cannot say whether this drop was caused by discontent with
governmental performance or procedural fairness or both. Our research aims at
investigating the role of procedural fairness in the formation of legitimacy
beliefs. Our preliminary analysis suggest that moral evaluations and, more
particularly, procedural fairness expectations do have an effect on people?s
legitimacy believes in the Hungarian context as well.
Extra Credit “Opportunities”: A Tool to Motivate Group Interaction in the Classroom
Authors: Westermann Kimberly D. , Thibodeau Jay C.
Published: February 2016

To be successful as an auditing professional, students must learn to interact effectively in group settings. We introduce the weekly group Extra Credit Opportunity (ECO) as an instructional resource designed to facilitate group interaction in the classroom. The ECO consists of three questions that students discuss in an assigned group, and should be able to answer, provided that they have thoroughly read the assigned materials for the week. Survey responses from 173 auditing students show that students perceive that the ECO facilitates interpersonal interaction and communication, promotes effective group decision making, and also fosters classroom preparedness, stimulates learning, exposes students to exam questions, and incrementally improves student grades. Overall, we believe the weekly ECO is an efficient and effective tool that can be used by educators to implement nontraditional group work and interaction in the classroom.
Researching at the Intersection of Accounting and Information Technology: A Call for Action
Authors: Murthy Uday S.
Published: February 2016

In this commentary, I argue for a more focused definition of accounting information systems (AIS) as a field at the intersection of accounting and information systems. I contend that the lack of a focused definition is a significant factor leading to some of the more troubling trends affecting academic research in AIS. These trends include the relative paucity of AIS research appearing in the so-called “premier” journals in accounting, the relatively small number of active academic researchers in the field, the decline in the number of doctoral students focusing specifically on AIS research, and the difficulty in distinguishing AIS research from the scholarship in the closely related field of “pure” information systems. I present evidence from an analysis of keywords and journal citations to support my contention that extant published AIS research lacks focus. I argue that a more focused definition of AIS will help the field flourish and suggest such a definition that highlights both the accounting and the information systems aspects of the field.
Discussion of The Determinants of Firm-Specific Corporate Governance Arrangements, IFRS Adoption, and the Informativeness of Accounting Reports: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Murcia Fernando Dal-Ri
Published: February 2016

The objective of this paper is to present a discussion of the article “The Determinants of Firm-Specific Corporate Governance Arrangements, IFRS Adoption, and the Informativeness of Accounting Reports: Evidence from Brazil,” which was presented in the Third International Conference of the Journal of International Accounting Research (JIAR). This discussion considers the paper's research questions, hypotheses, and design, as well as the setting in which the study was conducted. In my opinion, the paper's main contribution is to present evidence of a “National Bonding Hypothesis,” where companies with significant growth opportunities located in emerging economies voluntarily subject themselves to higher standards of corporate governance, which in turn impact the quality of their financial reports.
Tetany During Intravenous Conscious Sedation in Dentistry Resulting From Hyperventilation-Induced Hypocapnia
Authors: McCarthy Caroline , Brady Paul , O'Halloran Ken D. , McCreary Christine
Published: February 2016

Hyperventilation can be a manifestation of anxiety that involves abnormally fast breathing (tachypnea) and an elevated minute ventilation that exceeds metabolic demand. This report describes a case of hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia resulting in tetany in a 16-year-old girl undergoing orthodontic extractions under intravenous conscious sedation. Pulse oximetry is the gold standard respiratory-related index in conscious sedation. Although the parameter has great utility in determining oxygen desaturation, it provides no additional information on respiratory function, including, for example, respiratory rate. In this case, we found capnography to be a very useful aid to monitor respiration in this patient and also to treat the hypocapnia.
Robotic automation in computer controlled polishing
Authors: Walker D. D. , Yu G. , Bibby M. , Dunn C. , Li H. , Wu H. Y. , Zheng X. , Zhang P.
Published: February 2016

We first present a Case Study – the manufacture of 1.4 m prototype mirror-segments for the European Extremely Large Telescope, undertaken by the National Facility for Ultra Precision Surfaces, at the OpTIC facility operated by Glyndŵr University. Scale-up to serial-manufacture demands delivery of a 1.4 m off-axis aspheric hexagonal segment with surface precision < 10 nm RMS every f̃our days, compared with a typical year or more for an one-off part. This requires a radically-new approach to large optics fabrication, which will inevitably propagate into wider industrial optics. We report on how these ambitious requirements have stimulated an investigation into the synergy between robots and computer numerically controlled (‘CNC’) polishing machines for optical fabrication. The objective was not to assess which is superior. Rather, it was to understand for the first time their complementary properties, leading us to operate them together as a unit, integrated in hardware and software. Three key areas are reported. First is the novel use of robots to automate currently-manual operations on CNC polishing machines, to improve work-throughput, mitigate risk of damage to parts, and reduce dependence on highly-skilled staff. Second is the use of robots to pre-process surfaces prior to CNC polishing, to reduce total process time. The third draws the threads together, describing our vision of the automated manufacturing cell, where the operator interacts at cell rather than machine level. This promises to deliver a step-change in end-to-end manufacturing times and costs, compared with either platform used on its own or, indeed, the state-of-the-art used elsewhere.