bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CircSEC24A upregulates TGFBR2 expression to accelerate pancreatic cancer proliferation and migration via sponging to miR-606
Authors: Chen Yankun , Xu Simiao , Liu Xinyuan , Jiang Xueyi , Jiang Jianxin
Published: December 2021

Background

Circular RNA (circRNA), producing by special selective splicing, was widely expressed in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells as a newly non-coding RNAs. It played different roles in a variety of diseases including cancer and performed different functions. Nonetheless, reports on the specific function of circRNA in pancreatic cancer (PC) were still rarely so far. In particular, the role of circSEC24A in PC remains unclear.

Methods

Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the expression level of circSEC24A in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, we used some functional experiments, such as EDU and Transwell assays, to explore the effects of circSEC24A on the proliferation and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer. Finally, the corresponding relationship among circSEC24A, miR-606 and TGFBR2 was explored by dual luciferase reporter and other mechanism studies.

Results

The expression of circSEC24A in both pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines was evidently up-regulated. Furthermore, knockdown of circSEC24A significantly inhibited the proliferative, migration and invasive capacity of pancreatic cancer cells, whereas miR-606 inhibitor obviously counteracted these effects. Further study confirmed that circSEC24A alleviated suppression on target TGFBR2 expression by directly sponging miR-606 and then influenced the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer.

Conclusions

These findings indicated that the progression of pancreatic cancer can be driven by circSEC24A influencing miR-606/TGFBR2 axis. Therefore, circSEC24A might be used as a critical biomarker influencing the early diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
Investigating molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Bandibabone Janvier , McLoughlin Charles , N’Do Sévérin , Bantuzeko Chimanuka , Byabushi Vital , Jeanberckmans Muhigwa , Guardiola Maite , Zawadi Bertin , Diabaté Abdoulaye , Prudhomme Jorian , Walker Thomas , Messenger Louisa A.
Published: December 2021

Background

Malaria vector control in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is plagued by several major challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, lack of access to health care systems and preventative measures, and more recently the widespread emergence of insecticide resistance among Anopheles mosquitoes. Across 26 provinces, insecticide resistance has been reported from multiple sentinel sites. However, to date, investigation of molecular resistance mechanisms among Anopheles vector populations in DRC has been more limited.

Methods

Adult Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and Anopheles funestus s.l. were collected from two sites in Sud-Kivu province and one site in Haut-Uélé province and PCR-screened for the presence of 11 resistance mutations, to provide additional information on frequency of resistance mechanisms in the eastern DRC, and to critically evaluate the utility of these markers for prospective country-wide resistance monitoring.

Results

L1014F-kdr and L1014S-kdr were present in 75.9% and 56.7% of An. gambiae s.l. screened, respectively, with some individuals harbouring both resistant alleles. Across the three study sites, L43F-CYP4J5 allele frequency ranged from 0.42 to 0.52, with evidence for ongoing selection. G119S-ace1 was also identified in all sites but at lower levels. A triple mutant haplotype (comprising the point mutation CYP6P4-I236M, the insertion of a partial Zanzibar-like transposable element and duplication of CYP6AA1) was present at high frequencies. In An. funestus s.l. cis-regulatory polymorphisms in CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b were detected, with allele frequencies ranging from 0.82 to 0.98 and 0.65 to 0.83, respectively.

Conclusions

This study screened the most up-to-date panel of DNA-based resistance markers in An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus s.l. from the eastern DRC, where resistance data is lacking. Several new candidate markers (CYP4J5, G119S-ace1, the triple mutant, CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b) were identified, which are diagnostic of resistance to major insecticide classes, and warrant future, larger-scale monitoring in the DRC to inform vector control decisions by the National Malaria Control Programme.
Regulating the production and biological function of small extracellular vesicles: current strategies, applications and prospects
Authors: Luo Lei , Wu Zhi , Wang Yang , Li Haiyan
Published: December 2021

Numerous studies have confirmed the great application potentials of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in biological medical field, especially in tissue repair and regeneration. However, the production capability of sEVs by noncancerous cells is very limited, while their dosage requirements in disease treatments are usually very high. Meanwhile, as cell aging, the sEV production capability of cells decreases and the biological function of sEVs changes accordingly. In addition, for special applications, sEVs carrying desired bioactive substances should be designed to perform their expected biological function. Therefore, improving the production of sEVs and precisely regulating their biological function are of great significance for promoting the clinical applications of sEVs. In this review, some of the current classic strategies in affecting the cellular behaviors of donor cells and subsequently regulating the production and biological function of their sEVs are summarized, including gene engineering methods, stress-inducing conditions, chemical regulators, physical methods, and biomaterial stimulations. Through applying these strategies, increased yield of sEVs with required biological function can be obtained for disease treatment and tissue repair, such as bone regeneration, wound healing, nerve function recovery and cancer treatment, which could not only reduce the harvest cost of sEV but promote the practical applications of sEVs in clinic.

Graphical Abstract
Irinotecan/scFv co-loaded liposomes coaction on tumor cells and CAFs for enhanced colorectal cancer therapy
Authors: Li Zhaohuan , Liu Chunxi , Li Chenglei , Wang Fangqing , Liu Jianhao , Zheng Zengjuan , Wu Jingliang , Zhang Bo
Published: December 2021

Background

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as an important component of stroma, not only supply the “soils” to promote tumor invasion and metastasis, but also form a physical barrier to hinder the penetration of therapeutic agents. Based on this, the combinational strategy that action on both tumor cells and CAFs simultaneously would be a promising approach for improving the antitumor effect.

Results

In this study, the novel multifunctional liposomes (IRI-RGD/R9-sLip) were designed, which integrated the advantages including IRI and scFv co-loading, different targets, RGD mediated active targeting, R9 promoting cell efficient permeation and lysosomal escape. As expected, IRI-RGD/R9-sLip showed enhanced cytotoxicity in different cell models, effectively increased the accumulation in tumor sites, as well as exhibited deep permeation ability both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, IRI-RGD/R9-sLip not only exhibited superior in vivo anti-tumor effect in both CAFs-free and CAFs-abundant bearing mice models, but also presented excellent anti-metastasis efficiency in lung metastasis model.

Conclusion

In a word, the novel combinational strategy by coaction on both “seeds” and “soils” of the tumor provides a new approach for cancer therapy, and the prepared liposomes could efficiently improve the antitumor effect with promising clinical application prospects.

Graphical Abstract
Morphologic change in deep venous thrombosis in the lower extremity after therapeutic anticoagulation
Authors: Panpikoon Tanapong , Phattharaprueksa Wisanu , Treesit Tharintorn , Bua-ngam Chinnarat , Pichitpichatkul Kaewpitcha , Sriprachyakul Apichaya
Published: December 2021

Background

To evaluate the anticoagulant treatment response in venous thrombi with different morphologies (size, shape, and echogenicity) by measuring the change in thrombus thickness.

Materials and methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of 97 lower extremity DVT patients diagnosed by venous ultrasound between March 2014 and February 2018. The demographics, clinical risk factors, anticoagulant treatment, and ultrasound findings at the first diagnosis and 2–6 months after treatment were evaluated.

Results

The anticoagulant treatment with LMWH followed by VKAs showed a significant decrease in the mean maximum difference in lower extremity DVT thrombus thickness compared with VKAs alone (P-value < 0.001). After adjustment by treatment, the thrombi found in dilated veins showed a significant decrease in the thickness of such thrombi compared with those found in small veins: 4 mm vs. 0 mm (Coef. = 3, 95% CI: 1.9, 4.1 and P-value < 0.001). Anechoic and hypoechoic thrombi showed a significant decrease in the thickness compared with hyperechoic thrombi: 5 mm vs. 0 mm (Coef. = 4, 95% CI: 3.25, 4.74 and P-value < 0.001) and 3 mm vs. 0 mm (Coef. = 2, 95% CI: 1.34, 42.66 and P-value < 0.001), respectively. Concentric thrombi showed a significant decrease in thickness compared with eccentric thrombi: 4 mm vs. 0 mm (Coef. = 2, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.55 and P-value < 0.001).

Conclusion

The anticoagulant treatment with LMWH followed by VKAs shows a significant decrease in lower extremity DVT thrombus thickness compared with VKAs alone. After adjustment by treatment, the morphologic finding of acute thrombi shows a significantly decreased thickness compared with the morphologic finding of chronic thrombi.
Looking ahead in the COVID-19 pandemic: emerging lessons learned for sexual and reproductive health services in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Banke-Thomas Aduragbemi , Yaya Sanni
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread disruption to essential health service provision globally, including in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Recognising the criticality of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, we review the actual reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on SRH service provision and evidence of adaptations that have been implemented to date. Across LMICs, the available data suggests that there was a reduction in access to SRH services, including family planning (FP) counselling and contraception access, and safe abortion during the early phase of the pandemic, especially when movement restrictions were in place. However, services were quickly restored, or alternatives to service provision (adaptations) were explored in many LMICs. Cases of gender-based violence (GBV) increased, with one in two women reporting that they have or know a woman who has experienced violence since the beginning of the pandemic. As per available evidence, many adaptations that have been implemented to date have been digitised, focused on getting SRH services closer to women. Through the pandemic, several LMIC governments have provided guidelines to support SRH service delivery. In addition, non-governmental organisations working in SRH programming have played significant roles in ensuring SRH services have been sustained by implementing several interventions at different levels of scale and to varying success. Most adaptations have focused on FP, with limited attention placed on GBV. Many adaptations have been implemented based on guidance and best practices and, in many cases, leveraged evidence-based interventions. However, some adaptations appear to have simply been the sensible thing to do. Where evaluations have been carried out, many have highlighted increased outputs and efficiency following the implementation of various adaptations. However, there is limited published evidence on their effectiveness, cost, value for money, acceptability, feasibility, and sustainability. In addition, the pandemic has been viewed as a homogenous event without recognising its troughs and waves or disentangling effects of response measures such as lockdowns from the pandemic itself. As the pandemic continues, neglected SRH services like those targeting GBV need to be urgently scaled up, and those being implemented with any adaptations should be rigorously tested.
Trends and correlates of HIV prevalence among adolescents in South Africa: evidence from the 2008, 2012 and 2017 South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence and Behaviour surveys
Authors: Mabaso Musawenkosi , Maseko Goitseone , Sewpaul Ronel , Naidoo Inbarani , Jooste Sean , Takatshana Sinovuyo , Reddy Tarylee , Zuma Khangelani , Zungu Nompumelelo
Published: December 2021

Background

Adolescents are at increased risk of HIV infection compared to other age groups. There is an urgent need for strategic information that will inform programmes to reduce risk and vulnerability to HIV and reverse the pattern of increasing HIV infection as they transition to adulthood. This paper analysed trends and factors associated with HIV prevalence among adolescents in South Africa using the national HIV population-based household surveys conducted in 2008, 2012 and 2017.

Methods

All three surveys used a multistage cross-sectional design. A trend analysis was conducted to assess the differences in HIV prevalence and covariates overtime using P-trend Chi-squared statistic. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with HIV prevalence.

Results

Overall there was a significant increase in HIV prevalence among adolescents aged 12–19 years from 3.0% (n = 2892) in 2008 to 3.2% (n = 4829) in 2012 and 4.1% (n = 3937) in 2017 (p = 0.031). The odds of being HIV positive among adolescents aged 12–19 years was significantly higher among females [AOR = 2.24; 95% CI (1.73–2.91); p < 0.001] than males, those residing in KwaZulu-Natal province [AOR = 2.01; 95% CI (1.-3.99); p = 0.027] than Northern Cape, and those who did not attend an educational institution and were unemployed [AOR = 2.66; 95% CI (1.91–3.67); p < 0.001] compared to those attending an educational institution. The odds were significantly lower among Whites [AOR = 0.29; 95% CI (0.09–0.93); p = 0.037], Coloureds [AOR = 0.21; 95% CI (0.11–0.37); p ≤ 0.001] and Indian/Asian [AOR = 0.08; 95% CI (0.02–0.34); p = 0.001] population groups than Black Africans.

Conclusion

The observed increasing trend and gender disparities in HIV prevalence suggests an urgent need for age appropriate and gender specific HIV interventions tailored and targeted at identified drivers of HIV infection among adolescents.
Sebelipase alfa enzyme replacement therapy in Wolman disease: a nationwide cohort with up to ten years of follow-up
Authors: Demaret Tanguy , Lacaille Florence , Wicker Camille , Arnoux Jean-Baptiste , Bouchereau Juliette , Belloche Claire , Gitiaux Cyril , Grevent David , Broissand Christine , Adjaoud Dalila , Abi Warde Marie-Thérèse , Plantaz Dominique , Bekri Soumeya , de Lonlay Pascale , Brassier Anaïs
Published: December 2021

Background

Wolman disease (WD), the rapidly progressive phenotype of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency, presents in neonates with failure to thrive and hepatosplenomegaly, and leads to multi-organ failure and death before 12 months of age. In clinical trials, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with sebelipase alfa led to improved survival, growth and biological parameters in WD patients followed up to 5 years. Long-term follow-up and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) evaluation are lacking.

Results

We performed a nationwide, retrospective study of sebelipase alfa in WD patients. Five patients with abolished LAL activity and bi-allelic LIPA mutations were included with a median follow-up of 7 years (1–10). ERT was initiated at a median age of 1 month (0–4). Infusion tolerance was excellent on the long-term with only one patient requiring systematic pre-medication. Cholestyramine, fat-soluble vitamin supplements and a specific diet (high in medium-chain triglycerides and low in long-chain fatty acids) were prescribed. Liver function tests, plasma lipid profiles, fat-soluble vitamin levels and growth parameters improved. Three patients transiently exhibited a neuromyopathic phenotype (footdrop gait, waddling walk or muscle fatigue) but electromyography and muscle strength testing were normal. At last follow-up, all patients were alive with normal growth parameters and a satisfactory HRQoL, no patient had special education needs, and one patient required parenteral nutrition since an acute gastroenteritis.

Conclusions

Early ERT initiation allowed 100% survival with positive outcomes. Very long-term follow-up and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation while on ERT should be evaluated to strengthen the benefits of sebelipase alfa.
Leukocyte telomere length and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xia Kailin , Zhang Linjing , Zhang Gan , Wang Yajun , Huang Tao , Fan Dongsheng
Published: December 2021

Background

Observational studies have suggested that telomere length is associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, whether this association is causal remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the causal relationship between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and ALS by a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for LTL were identified through high-quality genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The ALS GWAS summary data (20,806 cases; 59,804 controls) with largest sample size to date was obtained. We adopted the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method to examine the effect of LTL on ALS and used the weighted median method, simple median method, MR Egger method and MR-PRESSO method to perform sensitivity analyses.

Results

We found that genetically determined increased LTL was inversely associated with the risk of ALS (odds ratio (OR) = 0.846, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.744–0.962, P = 0.011), which was mainly driven by rs940209 in the OBFC1 gene, suggesting a potential effect of OBFC1 on ALS. The results were further confirmed by sensitivity analysis with the MR Egger method (OR = 0.647, 95% CI = 0.447–0.936, P = 0.050). Analyses by the weighted median method (OR = 0.893, P = 0.201) and simple median method (OR = 0.935, P = 0.535) also showed a similar trend. The MR Egger analysis did not suggest directional pleiotropy, with an intercept of 0.025 (P = 0.168). Neither the influence of instrumental outliers nor heterogeneity was found.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that genetically predicted increased LTL has a causal relationship with a lower risk of ALS. Protecting against telomere loss may be of great importance in the prevention and treatment of ALS.
On the outside looking in: a phenomenological study of the lived experience of Australian adults with a disorder of the corpus callosum
Authors: Maxfield Maree , Cooper Monica S. , Kavanagh Anne , Devine Alexandra , Gill Atkinson Liz
Published: December 2021

Background

While classified as a rare condition, a congenital disorder of the corpus callosum (DCC) is one of the most commonly identified brain anomalies in newborns, occurring in 1:4000 live births. Advances in imaging techniques have improved early diagnosis for children, yet adults with a DCC—who may present with extreme heterogeneity in cause and impact—often experience challenges in receiving a definitive diagnosis and accessing appropriate services and supports. To date, the dearth of evidence documenting the lived experiences of adults with DCC has made it difficult to determine adequate policy and service responses. This exploratory research aims to address this gap by presenting the first qualitative examination of the experiences and impact of complete or partial agenesis of the corpus callosum among adults.

Results

Eight face-to-face interviews were conducted with Australian adults, aged 23–72 years, to explore their lived experience. Data was collected in four Australian states from June to August 2017. Thematic and interpretive analyses were employed to analyse data. Three emergent themes described difficulties related to: (1) reactions to the diagnosis; (2) access to supports and key life domains, and (3) identifying as an adult. Interview analysis described lived experiences typically outlining a lifetime of exclusion and misunderstanding from family, educators and disability and health support services.

Conclusions

This paper contributes to filling the knowledge gap around a rare congenital brain disorder affecting the lives of adults. Findings confirm a considerable lack of information and support for adults living with corpus callosum disorders. Greater professional and societal understanding is needed to improve access to the key life domains of education, employment and social inclusion for adults with a DCC. To instigate truly effective change, social research must tackle the issues of applicability and impact to alter the dominance of uninformed practices, hindered by prevailing myths. This research paves the way for further phenomenological studies in which participant narrative is vital. Further research will elicit stronger policy and service responses for all current and emerging adults with a DCC.
Novel LTBP3 mutations associated with thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections
Authors: Zhu Guoyan , Luo Mingyao , Chen Qianlong , Zhang Yinhui , Zhao Kun , Zhang Yujing , Shu Chang , Yang Hang , Zhou Zhou
Published: December 2021

Background

Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) is a hidden-onset but life-threatening disorder with high clinical variability and genetic heterogeneity. In recent years, an increasing number of genes have been identified to be related to TAAD. However, some genes remain uncertain because of limited case reports and/or functional studies. LTBP3 was such an ambiguous gene that was previously known for dental and skeletal dysplasia and then noted to be associated with TAAD. More research on individuals or families harboring variants in this gene would be helpful to obtain full knowledge of the disease and clarify its association with TAAD.

Methods

A total of 266 TAAD probands with no causative mutations in known genes had been performed wholeexome sequencing (WES) to identify potentially pathogenic variants. In this study, rare LTBP3 variants were the focus of analysis.

Results

Two compound heterozygous mutations, c.625dup (p.Leu209fs) and c.1965del (p.Arg656fs), in LTBP3 were identified in a TAAD patient along with short stature and dental problems, which was the first TAAD case with biallelic LTBP3 null mutations in an Asian population. Additionally, several rare heterozygous LTBP3 variants were also detected in other sporadic TAAD patients.

Conclusion

The identification of LTBP3 mutations in TAAD patients in our study provided more clinical evidence to support its association with TAAD, which broadens the gene spectrum of LTBP3. LTBP3 should be considered to be incorporated into the routine genetic analysis of heritable aortopathy, which might help to fully understand its phenotypic spectrum and improve the diagnostic rate of TAAD.
Genetic testing and diagnosis of inherited retinal diseases
Authors: Lam Byron L. , Leroy Bart P. , Black Graeme , Ong Tuyen , Yoon Dan , Trzupek Karmen
Published: December 2021

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a diverse group of degenerative diseases of the retina that can lead to significant reduction in vision and blindness. Because of the considerable phenotypic overlap among IRDs, genetic testing is a critical step in obtaining a definitive diagnosis for affected individuals and enabling access to emerging gene therapy–based treatments and ongoing clinical studies. While advances in molecular diagnostic technologies have significantly improved the understanding of IRDs and identification of disease-causing variants, training in genetic diagnostics among ophthalmologists is limited. In this review, we will provide ophthalmologists with an overview of genetic testing for IRDs, including the types of available testing, variant interpretation, and genetic counseling. Additionally, we will discuss the clinical applications of genetic testing in the molecular diagnosis of IRDs through case studies.
Clinical features and predictors of mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Niger
Authors: Katoto Patrick D. M. C. , Aboubacar Issoufou , Oumarou Batouré , Adehossi Eric , Anya Blanche-Philomene Melanga , Mounkaila Aida , Moustapha Adamou , Ishagh El khalef , Diawara Gbaguidi Aichatou , Nsiari-Muzeyi Biey Joseph , Didier Tambwe , Wiysonge Charles Shey
Published: December 2021

Introduction

COVID-19 has spread across the African continent, including Niger. Yet very little is known about the phenotype of people who tested positive for COVID-19. In this humanitarian crises region, we aimed at characterizing variation in clinical features among hospitalized patients with COVID-19-like syndrome and to determine predictors associated with COVID-19 mortality among those with confirmed COVID-19.

Methods

The study was a retrospective nationwide cohort of hospitalized patients isolated for COVID-19 infection, using the health data of the National Health Information System from 19 March 2020 (onset of the pandemic) to 17 November 2020. All hospitalized patients with COVID-19-like syndrome at admission were included. A Cox-proportional regression model was built to identify predictors of in-hospital death among patients with confirmed COVID-19.

Results

Sixty-five percent (472/729) of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 like syndrome tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 among which, 70 (15%) died. Among the patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, age was significantly associated with increased odds of reporting cough (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.03) and fever/chills (aOR 1.02; 95% CI 1.02–1.04). Comorbidity was associated with increased odds of presenting with cough (aOR 1.59; 95% CI 1.03–2.45) and shortness of breath (aOR 2.03; 95% CI 1.27–3.26) at admission. In addition, comorbidity (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR] 2.04; 95% CI 2.38–6.35), shortness of breath at baseline (aHR 2.04; 95% CI 2.38–6.35) and being 60 years or older (aHR 5.34; 95% CI 3.25–8.75) increased the risk of COVID-19 mortality two to five folds.

Conclusion

Comorbidity, shortness of breath on admission, and being aged 60 years or older are associated with a higher risk of death among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in a humanitarian crisis setting. While robust prospective data are needed to guide evidence, our data might aid intensive care resource allocation in Niger.
Integrative analysis of the salt stress response in cyanobacteria
Authors: Klähn Stephan , Mikkat Stefan , Riediger Matthias , Georg Jens , Hess Wolfgang R. , Hagemann Martin
Published: December 2021

Microorganisms evolved specific acclimation strategies to thrive in environments of high or fluctuating salinities. Here, salt acclimation in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was analyzed by integrating transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic data. A dynamic reorganization of the transcriptome occurred during the first hours after salt shock, e.g. involving the upregulation of genes to activate compatible solute biochemistry balancing osmotic pressure. The massive accumulation of glucosylglycerol then had a measurable impact on the overall carbon and nitrogen metabolism. In addition, we observed the coordinated induction of putative regulatory RNAs and of several proteins known for their involvement in other stress responses. Overall, salt-induced changes in the proteome and transcriptome showed good correlations, especially among the stably up-regulated proteins and their transcripts. We define an extended salt stimulon comprising proteins directly or indirectly related to compatible solute metabolism, ion and water movements, and a distinct set of regulatory RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation. Our comprehensive data set provides the basis for engineering cyanobacterial salt tolerance and to further understand its regulation.
Weight cycling in combat sports: revisiting 25 years of scientific evidence
Authors: Lakicevic Nemanja , Mani Diba , Paoli Antonio , Roklicer Roberto , Bianco Antonino , Drid Patrik
Published: December 2021

Background

As combat sports are classified by body mass, many athletes engage in rapid weight loss (RWL) prior to competition so they can gain an advantage over lighter opponents. Following the weigh-in, athletes engage in rapid weight gain (RWG), whereby some athletes have been able to compete up to three weight categories greater than the official division weighed in at.

Results

Although the impact of weight cycling on performance remains equivocal, robust scientific evidence indicates serious acute and chronic negative consequences on physiological and health-related parameters. Still, weight cycling remains highly prevalent in combat sports, and interventions to limit or stop this cultural norm are recommended.

Conclusions

Weigh-ins for combat sports should be transitioned to take place closer to the start of competition. This reduced time and access to engage in RWG will cut down, if not completely prevent, weight cycling. These rule changes that aim to benefit athlete’s health and promote fairness must be made at the international level, which will promote them at those levels below, as well, given qualification protocols.
Effects of plant growth regulators on transient expression of foreign gene in Nicotiana benthamiana L. leaves
Authors: Li Ying , Sun Min , Wang Xin , Zhang Yue-Jing , Da Xiao-Wei , Jia Ling-Yun , Pang Hai-Long , Feng Han-Qing
Published: December 2021

Background

In the last decades, replicating expression vectors based on plant geminivirus have been widely used for enhancing the efficiency of plant transient expression. By using the replicating expression vector derived from bean yellow dwarf virus and green fluorescent protein as a reporter, we investigated the effects of α-naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellins3, and 6-benzyladenine, as three common plant growth regulators, on the plant biomass and efficiency of transient expression during the process of transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana L. leaves.

Results

With the increase of the concentration of α-naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellins3, and 6-benzyladenine (from 0.1 to 1.6 mg/L), the fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area of the seedlings increased first and then returned to the levels similar to the controls (without chemical treatment). The treatment with α-naphthalene acetic acid at 0.2 and 0.4 mg/L can enhance the level of transient expression of green fluorescent protein, which peaked at 0.4 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid and was increased about by 19%, compared to the controls. Gibberellins3 at 0.1–0.4 mg/L can enhance the level of transient expression of green fluorescent protein, which peaked at 0.2 mg/L gibberellins3 and was increased by 25%. However, the application of 6-benzyladenine led to decrease in the level of transient expression of green fluorescent protein.

Conclusions

The appropriate plant growth regulators at moderate concentration could be beneficial to the expression of foreign genes from the Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system in plants. Thus, appropriate plant growth regulators could be considered as exogenous components that are applied for the production of recombinant protein by plant-based transient expression systems.
Development of a plasmid stabilization system in Vibrio natriegens for the high production of 1,3-propanediol and 3-hydroxypropionate
Authors: Zhang Ye , Sun Qing , Liu Yu , Cen Xuecong , Liu Dehua , Chen Zhen
Published: December 2021

Vibrio natriegens is a promising industrial chassis with a super-fast growth rate and high substrate uptake rates. V. natriegens was previously engineered to produce 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) from glycerol by overexpressing the corresponding genes in a plasmid. However, antibiotic selection pressure for plasmid stability was not satisfactory and plasmid loss resulted in reduced productivity of the bioprocess. In this study, we developed an antibiotic-free plasmid stabilization system for V. natriegens. The system was achieved by shifting the glpD gene, one of the essential genes for glycerol degradation, from the chromosome to plasmid. With this system, engineered V. natriegens can stably maintain a large expression plasmid during the whole fed-batch fermentation and accumulated 69.5 g/L 1,3-PDO in 24 h, which was 23% higher than that based on antibiotic selection system. This system was also applied to engineering V. natriegens for the production of 3-hydroxypropionate (3-HP), enabling the engineered strain to accumulate 64.5 g/L 3-HP in 24 h, which was 30% higher than that based on antibiotic system. Overall, the developed strategy could be useful for engineering V. natriegens as a platform for the production of value-added chemicals from glycerol.

Graphic Abstract
The relationship between neck circumference and gestational diabetes mellitus in Iranian women
Authors: Barforoush Tahoora Sedighi , Ghadimi Reza , Pahlevan Zaynab , Ahmadi Niloufar , Delavar Mouloud Agajani
Published: December 2021

Background

The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between neck circumference and gestational diabetes.

Methods

This prospective study was conducted on 372 Iranian pregnant women. The criteria set by the American Diabetes Association through 2 h was used to classify subjects with regard to their gestational diabetes. At the 14–16th weeks of pregnancy, the neck circumference was measured. The maternal and fetal outcomes were measured as well.

Results

The adjusted logistic regression revealed that neck circumference was a predictor for gestational diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.34; P = 0.002). The ROC analysis depicted that the cut-off for neck circumference in indicating gestational diabetes was 34.3 cm, with the sensitivity of 53% and the specificity of 66%.

Conclusion

The findings of the present study revealed that the neck circumference of ≥34.3 cm can be deemed as a predictor of gestational diabetes in the case of Iranian pregnant women.
Reporting of patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) in clinical trials published in nursing science journals: a descriptive study
Authors: Gray Richard , Brasier Catherine , Zirnsak Tessa-May , Ng Ashley H.
Published: December 2021

Background

Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) in research positively affects the relevance, quality, and impact of research. Around 11% of studies published in leading medical journals demonstrate PPIE. The extent of PPIE in nursing research has not been previously studied.

Methods

A descriptive study of PPIE in clinical trials published in general nursing science journals between 1st January and 31st August 2021. Data were extracted from included studies against the five items of the Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP2) short form reporting checklist.

Results

We searched 27 journals and identified 89 randomised controlled clinical trials. There was no statement or evidence of PPIE in any of the included trials.

Conclusion

Nurse researchers need to ensure that they purposefully involve patients in their research and report this in papers describing study findings.
Jan Beneken (1934–2021): European modeling and simulation pioneer
Authors: van Meurs Willem L. , Antonius Timothy A. J.
Published: December 2021

This obituary highlights a number of contributions by Professor Jan Beneken (1934–2021) to modeling of human physiology and pharmacology and to simulation-based training.
Research evolution in banking performance: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Alam S. M. Shamsul , Chowdhury Mohammad Abdul Matin , Razak Dzuljastri Bin Abdul
Published: December 2021

Banking performance has been regarded as a crucial factor of economic growth. Banks collect deposits from surplus and provide loans to the investors that contribute to the total economic growth. Recent development in the banking industry is channelling the funds and participating in economic activities directly. Hence, academic researchers are gradually showing their concern on banking performance and its effect on economic growth. Therefore, this study aims to explore the academic researchers on this particular academic research article. By extracting data from the web of Science online database, this study employed the bibliometrix package (biblioshiny) in the ‘R’ and VOSviewer tool to conduct performance and science mapping analyses. A total of 1308 research documents were analysed, and 36 documents were critically reviewed. The findings exhibited a recent growth in academic publications. Three major themes are mainly identified, efficiency measurement, corporate governance effect and impact on economic growth. Besides, the content analysis represents the most common analysis techniques used in the past studies, namely DEA and GMM. The findings of this study will be beneficial to both bank managers and owners to gauge a better understanding of banking performance. Meanwhile, academic researchers and students may find the findings and suggestions to study in the banking area.
Use of Communication Technology to Improve Clinical Trial Participation in Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer: Consensus Statement From the Children's Oncology Group Adolescent and Young Adult Responsible Investigator Network
Authors: Avutu Viswatej , Monga Varun , Mittal Nupur , Saha Aniket , Andolina Jeffrey R. , Bell Danielle E. , Fair Douglas B. , Flerlage Jamie E. , Frediani Jamie N. , Heath Jessica L. , Kahn Justine M. , Reichek Jennifer L. , Super Leanne , Terao Michael A. , Freyer David R. , Roth Michael E.
Published: December 2021

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs; age 15-39 years) with cancer are under-represented in cancer clinical trials because of patient, provider, and institutional barriers. Health care technology is increasingly available to and highly used among AYAs and has the potential to improve cancer care delivery. The COVID-19 pandemic forced institutions to rapidly adopt novel approaches for enrollment and monitoring of patients on cancer clinical trials, many of which have the potential for improving AYA trial participation overall. This consensus statement from the Children's Oncology Group AYA Oncology Discipline Committee reviews opportunities to use technology to optimize AYA trial enrollment and study conduct, as well as considerations for widespread implementation of these practices. The use of remote patient eligibility screening, electronic informed consent, virtual tumor boards, remote study visits, and remote patient monitoring are recommended to increase AYA access to trials and decrease the burden of participation. Widespread adoption of these strategies will require new policies focusing on reimbursement for telehealth, license portability, facile communication between electronic health record systems and advanced safeguards to maintain patient privacy and security. Studies are needed to determine optimal approaches to further incorporate technology at every stage of the clinical trial process, from enrollment through study completion.
Quantum entanglement between two antiferromagnets in the microcavities
Authors: Yang Xiao-Xiao , Wang Tie-Jun , Wang Chuan
Published: December 2021

Magnons are being currently developed as qubits for quantum storage and information processing. Here, in this work, we focus on a hybrid quantum system containing two antiferromagnets, and entanglement between magnons in the antiferromagnets can be generated through strong coupling mediated by the same microwave mode. Moreover, we numerically simulate the process with feasible parameters. The influence of the system parameters, such as the magnon-photon coupling rate, detuning, bias magnetic field and dissipation of entanglement, are discussed. By adjusting some of the experimental parameters, we show that two antiferromagnets can produce a large entanglement, which is a result that has not been previously found in other quantum systems. Our findings may provide a potential platform for the completion of related quantum tasks in the future.
Fibrogenesis Marker PRO-C3 Is Higher in Advanced Liver Fibrosis and Improves in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Bel Lassen Pierre , Nori Nicole , Bedossa Pierre , Genser Laurent , Aron-Wisnewsky Judith , Poitou Christine , Surabattula Rambabu , Juul Nielsen Mette , Asser Karsdal Morten , Julie Leeming Diana , Schuppan Detlef , Clément Karine
Published: December 2021

Context

Serum propeptides of type III and type VI collagen (PRO-C3 and PRO-C6) are elevated in advanced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but their value in patients with severe obesity and their evolution after bariatric surgery (BS) is unknown. It is unclear if these markers of fibrogenesis are affected by adipose tissue fibrosis (ATF).

Objective

We studied the association of PRO-C3 and PRO-C6 with liver fibrosis before BS, examined their evolution after BS, and evaluated how much patients’ ATF contribute to their levels.

Methods

Serum PRO-C3 and PRO-C6 were measured in 158 BS patients and compared with liver, subcutaneous, and omental adipose tissue histology obtained during surgery. PRO-C3 and PRO-C6 levels of 63 patients were determined in follow-up at 3 and 12 months post-BS.

Results

Patients in the highest quartile of PRO-C3 had a higher risk of advanced liver fibrosis (stage F3-4; odds ratio 5.8; 95% CI [1.5-29.9]; P = 0.017) vs the lowest quartile (adjustment for age, gender, and BMI). PRO-C3 was positively correlated with markers of insulin resistance and liver enzymes. After BS, PRO-C3 levels decreased in patients with high baseline liver fibrosis. This decrease correlated with improvement of metabolic and liver parameters. PRO-C6 was not related to stage of liver fibrosis. ATF did not correlate with PRO-C3 or PRO-C6 levels at baseline or after BS.

Conclusion

PRO-C3 was associated with advanced liver fibrosis in patients with severe obesity, and decreased after BS, without being affected by ATF. These data suggest that BS prominently eliminates drivers of hepatic fibrogenesis in NAFLD.
Metabolic Disease Incidence After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Nationwide Korean Case-Control Study
Authors: Ha Jeonghoon , Park See Hyun , Park Sung-Soo , Han Seunghoon
Published: December 2021

Context

There have been no large-scale reports elucidating the relative risks of developing metabolic diseases in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients compared to the general population.

Objective

This work aimed to investigate the relative risk of developing metabolic diseases and cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease (CVA) in allo-HSCT recipients compared to the general population in a real-world setting, using a large Korean cohort under long-term observation

Methods

We conducted a population-based case-control study and analyzed data of 8230 adult allo-HSCT recipients and 32 920 healthy individuals matched for age, sex, and index date in a 1:4 ratio, using a nationwide database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Thereafter, we established 4 substudies to investigate the relative risks of metabolic disease development following allo-HSCT: hypertension (cohort A study), diabetes (cohort B study), dyslipidemia (cohort C study), and CVA (cohort D study).

Results

The 10-year cumulative incidence of metabolic disease in each experimental cohort was statistically significantly higher than that in the control cohort (overall P value < .001 for all): cohort A study, 17.6% vs 11.8%; cohort B study, 23.5% vs 14.4%; cohort C study for dyslipidemia, 44.5% vs 32.1%; and cohort D study for CVA, 4.2% vs 3.2%. In comparison to the incidence of metabolic diseases in the general population, allo-HSCT recipients presented adjusted hazard ratios of 1.58 for hypertension, 2.06 for diabetes, 1.62 for dyslipidemia, and 1.45 for CVA.

Conclusion

Recipients of allo-HSCT need to be rigorously monitored for the development of metabolic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and CVA, based on an enhanced lifelong health care policy including a robust screening program compared to the general population.
Hollow Truth
Authors: deRosset Louis
Published: December 2021

A raft of new philosophical problems concerning truth have recently been discovered by several theorists. These problems concern the question of how ascriptions of truth are to be grounded. Most previous commentators have taken the problems to shed light on the theory of ground. In this paper, I argue that they also shed light on the theory of truth. In particular, I argue that the notion of ground can be deployed to clearly articulate one strand of deflationary thinking about truth, according to which truth is “metaphysically lightweight.” I offer a ground-theoretic explication of the (entirely bearable) lightness of truth and show how it yields a novel solution to the problems concerning how truth is grounded. So, the theory of truth and the theory of ground interact fruitfully: we can apply the notion of ground to offer a clear explication of the deflationist claim that truth is “metaphysically lightweight” that both captures the motivations for that claim and solves the problems.
Optimal Multiple-Layered Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction Using a 360° Suturing Technique
Authors: Omura Kazuhiro , Nomura Kazuhiro , Mori Ryosuke , Ishii Yudo , Aoki Satoshi , Takeda Teppei , Tochigi Kosuke , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Otori Nobuyoshi , Kojima Hiromi
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:

Advances in technique and instrumentation have improved outcomes after resection of anterior skull base tumors. However, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs in 4%-20% of patients. To reduce the risk of CSF leak, we have developed a novel reconstruction technique that consists of a 4-layered graft with patchwork suturing and hard material.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the effectiveness of this reconstruction technique when used for resection of anterior skull base tumors.

METHODS:

This case series included 59 patients with anterior skull base tumors in whom the 4-layered closure technique was used. The main outcome measures were complications, including CSF leak, meningitis, postoperative bleeding, and infection.

RESULTS:

There were no CSF leak cases or serious complications after closure of the anterior skull base using the 4-layered technique.

CONCLUSION:

Closure of the anterior skull base in 4 layers prevented CSF leak and was not associated with any serious complications. However, further studies in larger numbers of patients are needed to confirm our outcomes using this closure method.