bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodological Approaches in the Formation of Content and Methodological Apparatus of Textbooks “Folklore of the Transbaikal Territory”, “Literature of the Trans-Baikal Territory”
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Lyudmila V. Kamedina , Valeria A. Sergeeva ,   Transbaikal State University, Olesya Yu. Baranova ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: December 2022

This article presents the methodological approaches used in the formation of a new textbook “Folklore of the Transbaikal Territory”, “Literature of the Transbaikal Territory”, published by the Moscow publishing house “Russian Word” in 2019/2020. The authors of the textbook are teachers of the Department of Literature of ZabGU. The relevance of writing the presented methodological article is explained, firstly, by the increased interest in regional literature, and, secondly, by the rejection of the old Soviet traditional methodology, which is still characteristic of many regional historical and local history publications, and the presentation of other methodological approaches, in particular structural-functional and axiological, to educational literature. The object of the study was the textbook “Folklore of the Transbaikal Territory”, “Literature of the Transbaikal Territory”, and the subject of the study was the methodological approaches used in the formation of this textbook and their functioning in school lessons and in independent home reading through a system of questions, tasks, projects for schoolchildren. The purpose of the study of methodological approaches in compiling the textbook was to identify a new view of the regional world, the functioning of its values in the socio-cultural space of the Transbaikal Territory and Russia as a whole. The novelty of the study lies in the identification of a new view of the regional world through a new selection of texts in the textbook and a new look at the Transbaikal text through a system of questions and tasks, projects and independent studies involving the formulation of hypotheses, the formulation of generalizing conclusions, the use of design technologies, in general, the study semiospheres of the Transbaikalian text, which will be of interest to both the teacher and the student. The scope of this study is the school education of the Transbaikal Territory. The manual is a serious methodological aid to the language teacher for organizing the literary education of schoolchildren and choosing methodological approaches to the study of the material presented. Keywords: structural-functional and axiological approaches, historical-typological and semiotic methods, methodology of gnoseocentric and aesthetic trends in the metasubject approach
Prevalence of Low Scores on the WISC-IV-HR: Are the Low Scores Always a Reason for Concern?
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Matešić Krunoslav ml. , Ružić Valentina ,   Naklada Slap - Centre for education and research, Miramarska 105, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Štefanec Antonia ,   Naklada Slap - Centre for education and research, Miramarska 105, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Published: December 2022

The fourth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) was published in 2003. and it quickly became one of the world’s most used measures of intelligence for children and adolescents. Adaptation and standardization for the Croatian language, in 2009, made this test available for experts to assess the level of intelligence of children in Croatia, but for the interpretation of individual achievement to be accurate, there is a need to consider the overall prevalence of low subtest and Index scores in healthy children. Understanding the prevalence of obtaining low scores on a particular test battery provides an estimate of the probability that a specific result obtained by the clinician is clinically significant and unusual for the normative population. The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of low scores on the WISC-IV-HR subtests and Indexes in overall Croatian standardization sample and depending on child’s intelligence level. The study included 1200 children and adolescents aged between 6 years 0 months and 16 years 11 months. The results show that even when considering a cut-off more than 2 SD below the mean, 1 out of 5 children obtains at least one low WISC-IV subtest score. The prevalence of low Index scores is smaller but still should not be ignored while interpreting test results. Also important to keep in mind is that those results cannot be explained only by the overall level of child’s intelligence since even using the most rigorous cut-off value, around 1 out of 10 children with average or higher intelligence level will obtain low subtest scores and around 3% of them will have one low Index score. Keywords: intelligence, Croatian adaptation, WISC-IV, low scores
Uloga dimenzija ličnosti, stilova suočavanja i netolerancije na neizvjesnost u doživljavanju osjećaja koherentnosti
Authors:   Institut društvenih znanosti Ivo Pilar, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska, Mlačić Boris , Ovčar Mihaela ,   Treća ekonomska škola Zagreb, Trg J.F.Kennedya 5, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska
Published: December 2022

Osjećaj koherentnosti pokazao se značajnim faktorom koji doprinosi pozitivnim zdravstvenim ishodima. U prethodnim istraživanjima dimenzije ličnosti pokazale su se značajnim prediktorom osjećaja koherentnosti, a stilovi suočavanja bili su značajno povezani s osjećajem koherentnosti. Veza konstrukta netolerancije na neizvjesnost i osjećaja koherentnosti nije do sada istraživana, stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja bio ispitati prediktivni doprinos dimenzija ličnosti velepetorog modela, stilova suočavanja i netolerancije na neizvjesnost, osjećaju koherentnosti kod mladih odraslih osoba. Rezultati hijerarhijske regresijske analize pokazali su da dimenzije ličnosti iz velepetorog modela snažno doprinose objašnjenju varijance osjećaja koherentnosti, no povrh toga stilovi suočavanja i netolerancija na neizvjesnost uspjeli su dodatno objasniti varijancu kriterija. Ovo istraživanje pokazalo je da viša razina emocionalne stabilnosti, ekstraverzije, ugodnosti, savjesnosti; učestalije korištenje suočavanja usmjerenog na problem; manje često korištenje suočavanja izbjegavanjem te niža razina netolerancije na neizvjesnost značajno predviđaju snažniji osjećaj koherentnosti. Ključne riječi: osjećaj koherentnosti, dimenzije ličnosti, stilovi suočavanja, netolerancija na neizvjesnost
Odrednice seksualnog zadovoljstva: pregled istraživanja
Authors:   Kraljice Katarine Kosača 4, Ljubuški, Bosna i Hercegovina, Šuvak-Martinović Marijana
Published: December 2022

Ovim pregledom su obuhvaćene definicije i teorijski pogledi na konstrukt seksualnog zadovoljstva. U radu su prikazani i neki relativno noviji modeli seksualnog zadovoljstva: model Carpenterove i sur. (2009), koji razlikuje osobne, relacijske i kulturalne utjecaje na seksualno zadovoljstvo i ekološki model seksualnog zadovoljstva (Henderson, Lehavot i Simoni, 2009), koji različite odrednice seksualnog zadovoljstva smješta u okvir Bronfenbrennerove ekološke teorije. Polazeći od prethodno navedenih modela, prikazani su rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja sljedećih odrednica seksualnog zadovoljstva: 1. odrednice osobne razine ili mikrosustava (socio-demografske karakteristike, seksualne disfunkcije, osobine ličnosti, stavovi o seksualnosti i subjektivna dobrobit), 2. odrednice interpersonalne razine ili mezosustava (karakteristike same veze, romantična ljubav, seksualno samootkrivanje i drugi aspekti seksualnosti), 3. odrednice egzosustava (socijalna potpora, trudnoća, roditeljstvo, viktimizacija i obiteljske interakcije u djetinjstvu) te 4. odrednice makrosustava (religioznost i politička ideologija). U završnom dijelu su prikazani zaključci i smjernice za buduća istraživanja u tri područja: 1. mjerni instrumenti, 2. ciljevi i problemi budućih istraživanja s obzirom na aktualne modele te 3. individualni vs. dijadni pristup. Ključne riječi: seksualno zadovoljstvo, pregled istraživanja, odrednice seksualnog zadovoljstva
What do we know about eating behaviours in non-obese and obese persons? Examination
of the construct and criterion validity of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire
Authors:   Sveučilište u Rijeci, Filozofski
            fakultet, Odsjek za psihologiju, Mohorić Tamara , Kukić Miljana ,   Sveučilište u Rijeci,
            Filozofski fakultet, Odsjek za psihologiju, Pokrajac-Bulian Alessandra ,   Sveučilište u Rijeci,
            Filozofski fakultet, Odsjek za psihologiju, Anić Petra ,   Sveučilište u Rijeci,
            Filozofski fakultet, Odsjek za psihologiju, Klobučar Majanović Sanja ,   Sveučilište u Rijeci,
            Medicinski fakultet, Katedra za internu medicinu, KBC Rijeka
Published: December 2022

The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ; Karlsson et al., 2000; Stunkard &
Messick, 1985; ) is one of the most used measures of self-assessment of eating
behaviours. The basic psychometric characteristics of the Croatian translation of the
questionnaire were analysed on a non-clinical sample (Nikolić et al., 2018). Additional
examination of the factor structure and criterion validity on non-clinical and clinical
samples is an important contribution of this research. Two studies were conducted. In
Study 1, we analysed data on the non-clinical sample of students (N = 419, Mage = 22.17,
SDage = 2.39, MBMI = 22.29, SDBMI = 3.32) from several universities in Croatia, while in
Study 2 we analysed data on the clinical sample of obese persons. A total of 71 patients
of the Daily Hospital for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical
Hospital Center Rijeka, aged 26 to 71 years (M = 45.20, SD = 11.12) participated in this
part of the study. The average body mass index of this group was 41.97 (SD = 8.64),
ranging from 29 to 71. In both samples, confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the
assumed three-factor structure and the obtained subscales had satisfactory descriptive
parameters and reliability coefficients. Anxiety, depression, and stress were correlated
with individual eating patterns in the student sample, while emotional and uncontrolled
eating were positively associated with depression, and cognitive control was negatively
associated with depression in the obese adult sample. Based on the obtained psychometric
indicators, it can be concluded that the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire is a valid
instrument, which can be used to examine eating habits in non-clinical and clinical
samples. Keywords: Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, uncontrolled eating, emotional
eating, cognitive restraint, obesity
Frequency of psychodiagnostic test use by clinical psychologists in the Republic of
Croatia in 2020
Authors:   Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u
            Zagrebu, Ivana Lučića 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Matešić Krunoslav
Published: December 2022

U članku se obrađuju podaci o primjeni psihodijagnostičkih sredstava kliničkih
psihologa u Republici Hrvatskoj koji su prikupljeni u sklopu međunarodnog istraživnaja
koje je organizirao Board of Assessment EFPA-e 2020. godine. Anketa je bila poslana
internetski na 3669 adresa članova/ica Hrvatske psihološke komore. Odgovorilo je 9
kolega i 118 kolegica kliničkih psihologa/inja. U 9 slučajeva nije bio naveden ni jedan
test pa je u završnu obradu ušlo 118 cjelovitih odgovora. Ovo je treće anketiranje na
istu temu u kojemu su sudjelovali i hrvatski psiholozi pa je učinjena i djelomična
usporedba s rezultatima najčešće korištenih testova iz prethodnih dvaju istraživanja. U
članku se dotiču i neka pitanja o uporabi psihodijagnostičkih sredstava u Republici
Hrvatskoj. Ključne riječi: psihodijagnostička sredstva, klinički psiholozi, uporaba
psiholoških testova, EFPA- Povjerenstvo za pocjenu
Položaj nagrađivanja u dvodimenzionalnom prostoru faceta organizacijske klime
Authors:   Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Rijeci, Odsjek za psihologiju, Sveučilišna avenija 4, 51000 Rijeka, Sušanj Zoran
Published: December 2022

Organizacijska se klima odnosi na doživljaj različitih, zaposlenicima relevantnih aspekata organizacijskog okruženja. Jedan je od njih i sustav nagrađivanja. U ovom se radu, upotrebom višedimenzionalnog skaliranja, analizira relativno značenje i položaj koji nagrađivanje zauzima u odnosu na viđenje drugih važnih faceta organizacijske klime. Analizirani su podaci prikupljeni na velikom uzorku organizacija različitih djelatnosti, a korišteni je upitnik mjerio percepciju dvanaest sadržajno različitih aspekata organizacijskog okruženja. Rezultati upućuju na semantičku sličnost nagrađivanja i drugih zaposlenicima bitnih organizacijskih sustava - napredovanja i informiranja, dok su percepcije stavova zaposlenika prema radu i organizaciji - odnos prema kvaliteti rada, motivacija i zaokupljenost, inovativnost i inicijativa te pripadnost organizaciji - relativno najudaljenije ovoj faceti klime. Nastoje se ponuditi različita teorijska objašnjenja mogućih interpretacija ukupne kognitivne mape organizacijskog konteksta, a raspravlja se i o praktičnim implikacijama dobivenih rezultata u području upravljanja i razvoja ljudskih potencijala. Ključne riječi: nagrađivanje, organizacijska klima, višedimenzionalno skaliranje
Otpornost zaposlenika u procesu organizacijske integracije: (ne)materijalne nagrade i medijacijska uloga organizacijske pravednosti
Authors:   Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Lorenza Jägera 9, 31000 Osijek, Jakopec Ana
Published: December 2022

Cilj je ovoga rada bio empirijski provjeriti konceptualni model osnaživanja otpornosti zaposlenika tijekom postintegracijske faze procesa organizacijske integracije (Khan i sur., 2020), koji pretpostavlja medijacijsku ulogu različitih vrsta pravednosti u odnosu između (ne)materijalnih nagrada i otpornosti zaposlenika. Ovim se istraživanjem na uzorku od N = 991 zaposlenika snažnim metodološkim pristupom prikupljanja podataka u dvije vremenske točke ciljalo zahvatiti složene međuodnose navedenih konstrukata ne samo u postintegracijskoj fazi već i u periodu između predintegracijske i integracijske faze procesa organizacijske integracije te time omogućiti promatranje dinamike razvoja međuodnosa promatranih konstrukata prilikom prilagođavanja jednoj od najzahtjevnijih vrsta organizacijske promjene – organizacijskoj integraciji. Rezultati su pokazali da dinamiku razvoja procesa organizacijske integracije odražavaju značajno drukčiji međuodnosi promatranih konstrukata u postintegracijskoj fazi, a u odnosu na (pred)integracijsku fazu. U skladu s konceptualnim modelom, nematerijalne su se nagrade (u odnosu na materijalne) tijekom postintegracijske faze procesa organizacijske integracije uistinu pokazale snažnijim i značajnijim pozitivnim prediktorom otpornosti zaposlenika, dok su u (pred)integracijskoj fazi dvije vrste nagrada imale istu važnost u objašnjavanju otpornosti zaposlenika. U (pred)integracijskoj fazi distributivna, proceduralna i interakcijska pravednost podjednako su snažni medijatore odnosa između (ne)materijalnih nagrada i otpornosti zaposlenika, dok je u postintegracijskoj fazi distributivna pravednost uvjerljivo najsnažniji pozitivni medijator odnosa između (ne)materijalnih nagrada i otpornosti zaposlenika. Upravo zbog toga što velik broj organizacijskih integracija učestalo propada, razumijevanje uloge i međuodnosa sustava nagrađivanja, pravednosti i otpornosti zaposlenika te načina na koje ti konstrukti funkcioniraju u različitim fazama organizacijske integracije, može prilagođavanje ovome procesu učiniti manje destruktivnim pa stoga nalazi ovoga istraživanja imaju važne praktične implikacije. Ključne riječi: otpornost zaposlenika, (ne)materijalne nagrade, organizacijska pravednost, organizacijska integracija, spajanja i preuzimanja
HAJJ RELATED MORTALITY: A REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors: M. Alghamdi Wesam , A. Alghamdi Abdulrahman , K. Alkhaldi Saud , Alomar Ali , M. Nassef Fares , M. Alrayes Majd
Published: December 2022

The Hajj is a pilgrimage conducted yearly in Mecca, a city located in the western province of Saudi Arabia where over 2.5 million Muslims gather from over 160 countries at the same place and time. This mass gathering is considered one of the largest mass gatherings worldwide. Performance of the Hajj is physically and emotionally demanding, therefore pilgrims could undergo great physical and emotional strain. As a consequence, morbidity and mortality rates rise as the demands arise. It is important to identify the common causes of death and injury to help prevent them and reduce their incidence. This study aims to identify the most common causes of mortality during Hajj. This is a review article that has been conducted by reviewing articles discussing the causes of death in Hajj. We found that the majority of the studies concludedthat cardiovascular diseases were the most common causes of death followed by respiratory, specifically pneumonia, which is most commonly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Also, cerebrovascular accidentswere reported in some studies to be the 3rd most common cause of death. Furthermore, old age was identified to be the most significant risk factor for dying in hajj.
STRESS PROFESSIONNEL ET CONSOMMATION DE SUBSTANCES PSYCHOACTIVES CHEZ LES TRAVAILLEURS DUNE USINE DE CABLAGE AU MAROC
Authors:   Universite Mohammed V, Faculte Des Lettres et Dessciences Humaines, Rabat-Maroc., Laila Essfioui
Published: December 2022

The use of psychoactive substances of various types (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, psychotropic drugs or others) in the workplace has received greater attention for some years now. However, this field remains unexplored in Morocco.The consumption of psychoactive substances could be considered as a catalyst for psychological ailments triggered by pathogenic factors resulting from the professional environment. Objective- Our study aims to explore potential correlation between these two phenomena, namely the role of job pressures work stressors on the use or excessive consumption of psychoactive substances. Method- A qualitative and quantitative study was conducted with a sample of 405 employed (288 men and 117 women) in a wiring factory in Morocco to assess occupational stress and substance use, as well as any potential links between these two variables. Results- Our study revealed that our population has clinical manifestations of psychological stress and 89 employees, or 21.98%, consume psychoactive substances. Tobacco is the most consumed substance, followed by alcohol, cannabis, psychotropic drugs and then other psychoactive substances. Conclusion- There is a correlation between psychoactive substances consumption and clinical manifestations of psychological stress.
PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE USE OF THE IODE CONTRAST PRODUCT: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS IN MALI
Authors:   Radiology Department of the Marie Curie Medical Clinic (Bamako, MALI)., Ousmane Traore ,   Radiology Department of the CHU point G Bamako-Mali., Mamadou NDiaye ,   Radiology Department of the Military Camp of Bamako-Mali., Oncoumba Diarra ,   Radiology Department of the Reference Health Center of Commune III of Bamako- Mali., Djibril Dit Djoume Diakite ,   Radiology Department of the Marie Curie Medical Clinic (Bamako, MALI)., Ousmane Lansenou Bagayoko ,   Radiology Department of the Marie Curie Medical Clinic (Bamako, MALI)., Ilias Guindo ,   Radiology Department of the University Hospital Center of Kati-Mali., Kariba Synayoko ,   Radiology Department of the CHU point G Bamako-Mali., Diallo Mahamadou ,   Radiology Department of the CHU Gabriel TOURE Bamako-Mali., Siaka Sidibe ,   Radiology Department of the CHU point G Bamako-Mali., Adama Diaman Keita ,   Radiology Department of the CHU point G Bamako-Mali.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Medical imaging is based on the study of tissue contrasts related to the physical processes used and the physico-chemical nature of the tissues. To increase and/or confirm the information provided by the image, the administration of contrast products was imposed on users. The aim of the work was to harmonize the use of iodine contrast products in the various medical imaging services in Mali. Methodology: the study took place in the radiology department of the Medical Clinic Marie Curie in Bamako, Mali and at the Dermatological University Hospital Center in Bamako. There were 11 health centers in Mali subject to a semi-direct interview during the 3-month period on the use of iodine contrast product supplemented by data from the literature. Results: In our study, the most used iodinated contrast product was omnipaque with a rate of 46%. The administration of the doses of contrast products usually used was 300 or 350 mg/ml of iodine. Omnipaque dosed at 300 or 350mg/ml of iodine accounted for 28% of cases. The use of the quantity of doses of contrast product administered was 1ml/kg, the most used with 55% of cases. The quantity used in thoracic CT angiography for the search for pulmonary embolism was 100ml with a rate of 28% of the majority of cases. Injections with the automatic injector and by hand were the most common injection methods with a rate of 82% of cases and 18% of cases had used the automatic injector alone. The complications related to the injection of contrast product intravenously manually or by automatic injector recorded during our study were extravasation with a rate of 46%. Conclusion: Our study made it possible to identify the quantity of contrast product and the dosage used per patient per health center and complications related to their use. We must prohibit the standardization of the doses used before any examination with harmonization of the use of these PDCs through discussion sessions and educational tools.
EFICACIA DEL PROGRAMA DE TUTORIAS EN MODALIDAD A DISTANCIA EN EL NIVEL DE EDUCACIÃ“N SUPERIOR EN UNA UNIVERSIDADMEXICANA
Authors:   Universidad Autonoma de Campeche, Av. Agustin Melgar s/n, Col. Buenavista, Campeche, Mexico., Guillermo Chuc Giselle , Manuel de Jesus Mex-Alvarez Rafael ,   Universidad Autonoma de Campeche, Av. Agustin Melgar s/n, Col. Buenavista, Campeche, Mexico., Monserrat Llanes Chiquini Charlotte ,   Universidad Autonoma de Campeche, Av. Agustin Melgar s/n, Col. Buenavista, Campeche, Mexico., Alberto Perez Canul Carlos ,   Universidad Autonoma de Campeche, Av. Agustin Melgar s/n, Col. Buenavista, Campeche, Mexico., Angel Vargas Toledo Miguel ,   Universidad Autonoma de Campeche, Av. Agustin Melgar s/n, Col. Buenavista, Campeche, Mexico.
Published: December 2022

Tutoring consists of a mediation or facilitation work between the teacher, the students and the contents of the subjects, they integrate the academic actions oriented so that the students, in higher education, can face their adaptation to the educational system in distance mode and achieve the learning objectives. The general objective of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of distance education strategies in university programs, in the scope of students who receive attention in the tutoring program at a University of Mexico. The research is applied, exploratory in depth, quantitative, with a non-experimental, longitudinal design. After reviewing the theoretical state of the art on tutoring and experiences in higher education in the distance modality, the results of two higher education programs were analyzed through descriptive statistics. The results show that the effectiveness of the tutorial program in the study programs analyzed is greater and that it increases as the elements of the tutorial model are adapted to the conditions of online communication. Even when being at a distance implies new challenges for tutoring programs in the university education model, the adoption of technological communication tools is much faster and accepted by the student users, who are the beneficiaries of the tutoring programs.
PREVALENCE, RISK FACTOR AND MANAGEMENT OF ANEMIA WITH PREGNANCY AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CARE CLINIC IN WAD MADANI TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors:   Department Of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Gezira Wad- Madni Sudan., Almustafa Mohammed Sheikh Idriss Ahamed , Mahdi Ahmed Hassan Albagir ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Umm Al-Qura University Makkah, Saudi Arabia., Khadir Mohammad Ali Umniah ,   Obstetrics and Gynecologist, Ministry of Health Sudan.
Published: December 2022

Background Anaemia in pregnancy is defined as haemoglobin concentration less than 11.0â€‰g/dl. Globally, anaemia affects half a billion women of reproductive age. Anaemia during pregnancy is a public health problem especially in developing countries and is associated with adverse outcomes in pregnancy Objective To study the prevalence, risk factors and management of anemia with Pregnancy among women attending antenatal care clinic in Wad Madani Teaching Hospital (October 2021 to March 2022). MethodsAprospective descriptive cross sectional hospital based study was conducted in Wad Medani Teaching Hospital ANC clinic during the period from October 2021 to March 2022 and covered all pregnant women in antenatal period . Data collected, prepared, entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results This study covered 353 participants (pregnant women). Concerning the anaemia characteristics, the study showed that the prevalence of anaemia was 162 (45.9%), and 11 (6.8%) had severe anaemia, 42 (25.9%) moderate, and 109 (67.3%) mild anaemia. All anaemic patients received a dietary intake correction advice, 79 (48.8%) iron supplementation and only 10 (6.2%) received blood transfusion. The analysis found that the prevalence of anaemia was significantly higher among pregnant women with extreme ages (less 20 years and above 40 years), lower education, rural residence, higher parity, third trimester, irregular antenatal care visits, and with positive history of anaemia with p values < 0.05. Conclusion and recommendationOur study concludes that the occurrence of anemia among pregnant women is high and should not be ignored, and the associated factors must be taken into consideration, to improve the prevention and management policies of this serious problem among pregnant women in Sudan.
Kant y el derecho de guerra: en torno a la figura del enemigo injusto
Authors: Santiago Oropeza Teresa
Published: December 2022

Este artículo se enfoca en la concepción kantiana de un derecho de guerra, en particular en la controversial figura del enemigo injusto del apartado “Derecho de gentes” de la Rechtslehre, que ha dado pie a que se considere a Kant un teórico de la guerra justa (e. g. Carl Schmitt y B. Orend). Rechazo dicha interpretación y defiendo que al filósofo alemán no se le puede colocar esta etiqueta sin desvirtuar su visión crítica de la guerra, lo que supone comprender, por una parte, la función de esta en el progreso de la humanidad, y, por otra, aceptar el veto de la razón práctica que la prohíbe. Con ese propósito retomo la defensa que hace Howard Williams frente a B. Orend e intento imprimir mayor fuerza a su argumento incorporando la noción de “ley permisiva” al derecho de guerra que se emprende contra el enemigo injusto.
Use of Iron Ore Tailing as Raw Material for Two Products: Sodium Silicate and Geopolymers
Authors: Prates Caroline , Lima Athos , Ferreira Igor , de Paula Fabiano , Pinto Paula , Ardisson José , Lago Rochel , Teixeira Ana Paula
Published: December 2022

In this work, iron ore tailing (IOT) was used for the production of two different materials: sodium silicate and geopolymers. Initially, reactions of IOT with NaOH were carried out by hydrothermal reaction in autoclave at 200 °C (1:1.5 and 1:2.5 SiO2:NaOH molar ratio) and reaction times of 4 and 8 h. X-ray fluorescence by dispersive energy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and titrations showed that IOT:NaOH ratios of 1:2.5 and reaction time 8 h completely dissolved the quartz from the IOT, obtaining a solid fraction consisting mainly of hematite and an aqueous phase of sodium silicate, which showed contents of ca. 23% SiO2 and 19% Na2O. This sodium silicate obtained was then combined with IOT (25 and 50 wt.%) to produce geopolimeric material with excellent physicochemical properties, fast curing time and very good compressive strength results, which ranged from 41 to 58 MPa and many potential applications.
Assessment of satellite precipitation products at different time scales over a cyclone prone coastal river basin in India
Authors: Setti Sridhara , Yumnam Karisma , Rathinasamy Maheswaran , Agarwal Ankit
Published: December 2022

Precipitation is a fundamental input for many hydrological and water management studies. With the advancement in science, a variety of satellite precipitation products are available. In this study, the ability of three satellite precipitation products (TRMM-3B42v7, PERSIANN-CDR and GPM-IMERGv6) to capture rainfall were evaluated with ground-based Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) gridded data and also by driving the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model for a cyclone prone coastal river basin in the southeast of India. Results indicate that among the three, GPM-IMERG v6 outperformed in all the statistical metrics, followed by TRMM-3B42 v7 at different temporal scales. GPM-IMERG v6 exhibited the highest correlation coefficient (0.48) and lowest root mean square error (9.52 mm/day), followed by TRMM-3B42 v7 (CC = 0.44, RMSE = 9.58 mm/day) at daily scale. In contrast to other studies in similar regions, IMERGV6 showed better performance than the PERSIANN CDR in detection skills of low, medium and high intensity rainfall events as well as False Alarm Ratio. Hydrological evaluation of the three products using the SWAT model over the study area showed satisfactory results at daily and monthly scale during the calibration and validation period. IMERGV6 is found to have better performance in hydrological evaluation as well.
Facile Synthesis of Organic Compounds in PEG, ScCO2 and H2O: A Review
Authors: Chandra Nath Arabinda , Borah Gongutri
Published: December 2022

Green solvent is a topic of increasing attention in modern chemistry because of the consciousness of the effect of solvents on air quality, energy usage, pollution, and continuous climate change. Over the past few years, remarkable progress has been made to accomplish these goals by giving interest in sustainable synthesis. For sustainable development, continuous efforts have been put forward for addressing these issues and the chemical approaches are now analysed for the usage of solvents. Realizing solvent property is a crucial area of green chemistry, and therefore the solvents were categorized by their handling techniques, ecological, and healthiness (ESH) features. The focus of this ranking is to help the researchers in choosing their reaction solvent efficiently, keeping in mind the ESH values of the solvents and discouraging them from using environmentally harmful and toxic solvents which are commonly used in laboratories. In this review article, we are trying to consider various synthetic methodologies of the most protuberant sustainable solvents such as polyethylene glycol, supercritical CO2, and water. We herein examine not only the chemical reactions but also represent the mechanism and synthetic utility of each class of solvent inside the background of the reactions for which it is used, but also documented the widespread substrate scope of the reaction. A broad range of economic and environmental factors are also demonstrated, giving a wider display of the current status of sustainable solvent research and development.
Serotonergic 5-HT7 Receptors as Modulators of the Nociceptive System
Authors: Bardoni Rita
Published: December 2022

The biogenic amine serotonin modulates pain perception by activating several types of serotonergic
receptors, including the 5-HT7 type. These receptors are widely expressed along the pain axis,
both peripherally, on primary nociceptors, and centrally, in the spinal cord and the brain. The role of
5-HT7 receptors in modulating pain has been explored in vivo in different models of inflammatory and
neuropathic pain. While most studies have reported an antinociceptive effect of 5-HT7 receptor activation,
some authors have suggested a pronociceptive action. Differences in pain models, animal species
and gender, receptor types, agonists, and route of administration could explain these discrepancies. In
this mini-review, some of the main findings concerning the function of 5-HT7 receptors in the pain
system have been presented. The expression patterns of the receptors at the different levels of the pain
axis, along with the cellular mechanisms involved in their activity, have been described. Alterations in
receptor expression and/or function in different pain models and the role of 5-HT7 receptors in controlling
pain transmission have also been discussed. Finally, some of the future perspectives in this field
have been outlined.
The Wistar Kyoto Rat: A Model of Depression Traits
Authors: Redei Eva E. , Udell Mallory E. , Solberg Woods Leah C. , Chen Hao
Published: December 2022

There is an ongoing debate about the value of animal research in psychiatry with valid lines
of reasoning stating the limits of individual animal models compared to human psychiatric illnesses.
Human depression is not a homogenous disorder; therefore, one cannot expect a single animal model
to reflect depression heterogeneity. This limited review presents arguments that the Wistar Kyoto
(WKY) rats show intrinsic depression traits. The phenotypes of WKY do not completely mirror those
of human depression but clearly indicate characteristics that are common with it. WKYs present despair-
like behavior, passive coping with stress, comorbid anxiety, and enhanced drug use compared to
other routinely used inbred or outbred strains of rats. The commonly used tests identifying these phenotypes
reflect exploratory, escape-oriented, and withdrawal-like behaviors. The WKYs consistently
choose withdrawal or avoidance in novel environments and freezing behaviors in response to a challenge
in these tests. The physiological response to a stressful environment is exaggerated in WKYs.
Selective breeding generated two WKY substrains that are nearly isogenic but show clear behavioral
differences, including that of depression-like behavior. WKY and its substrains may share characteristics
of subgroups of depressed individuals with social withdrawal, low energy, weight loss, sleep disturbances,
and specific cognitive dysfunction. The genomes of the WKY and WKY substrains contain
variations that impact the function of many genes identified in recent human genetic studies of depression.
Thus, these strains of rats share characteristics of human depression at both phenotypic and genetic
levels, making them a model of depression traits.
Local Lung Fibroblast Autophagy in the Context of Lung Fibrosis Pathogenesis
Authors: Marzoog Basheer Abdullah
Published: December 2022

The current molecular advances in lung fibrosis pathogenesis distend beyond the cellular to involve subcellular and molecular levels. Lung fibrogenesis and autophagy impairment are tight-ly associated. Autophagy is involved in cell cycle control and regulation of the intracellular micro-environment. Degradation of impaired intracellular organelles and biproducts is crucial to maintain-ing a healthy cell and preventing its metaplasia / transdifferentiation to a pathological cell. Autoph-agy modifies the metabolism of alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and lung fibroblasts. Au-tophagy upregulation induces local lung fibroblast hyperactivity and fibrosis. Several molecular triggers were found to induce lung fibroblast autophagy including TGFβ by inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR. However, physiologically, a balance is retained between autophagy inducers and inhibitors. Each type of autophagy plays its role in the initiation and progression of lung fibro-sis. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis is multifactorial and involves dysfunction / dysregula-tion of alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts, monocyte-derived macrophages, and endothelial cells. The deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, the remodeling of the lung architecture and the mo-lecular changes include impaired glycolysis, mitochondrial oxidation, gene expression modification, altered phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, and dysregulated protein folding lead to repro-gramming of lung fibroblast into myofibroblast and their activation. The paper thoroughly addresses the molecular triggers and inhibitors of lung fibroblast autophagy in lung fibrosis.
Circulatory and Placental Expression of Soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase-
1 and Placental Growth Factor in HIV-infected Preeclampsia
Authors: Mlambo Zinhle P. , Khaliq Olive P. , Moodley Jagidesa , Naicker Thajasvarie
Published: December 2022

An imbalance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors plays a fundamental role in
the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). Studies have shown a dysregulation of sFlt-1 and placental
growth factor (PlGF) in PE. However, there are differing reports on the levels of these pro-/antiangiogenic
factors in HIV-infected preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies, possibly due to
highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and its immune reconstitution effect. The study aimed
to investigate the effect of hypertension and ARVs on circulating and placental pro- and antiangiogenic
factors in HIV-infected PE. The level of sFlt-1 expression is elevated in PE compared to
normal pregnancies. PlGF was altered by placental dysfunction. Antiretroviral therapy does not impact
the angiogenic shift in PE development. The angiogenic imbalance evident in the circulatory
system by higher sFlt-1 compared to PlGF levels is replicated in the placenta by reduced expression
of PlGF receptors in comparison to sFlt-1 receptors. However, there is a lack of data that explore the
relationship between HAART and anti-angiogenic factors in the placenta and the circulation of PE
comorbid with HIV infection.

Results:

The level of sFlt-1 expression is elevated in PE compared to normal pregnancies. PlGF was altered by placental dysfunction. Antiretroviral therapy does not impact the angiogenic shift in PE development.

Conclusion:

The angiogenic imbalance evident in the circulatory system by higher sFlt-1 compared to PlGF levels is replicated in the placenta by reduced expression of PlGF receptors in comparison to sFlt-1 receptors. However, there is a lack of data that explore the relationship between HAART and anti-angiogenic factors in the placenta and the circulation of PE comorbid with HIV infection.
Adaptive Training: A New Method to Improve the Image Quality of
Abdominal Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Letian Zhang , Huan Xie , Kun Fu , Qisheng Ran , Guang-Kuo Guo
Published: December 2022

Background:

In abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the late hepatic arterial
phase is particularly important for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, poor
patient compliance with breath-hold imaging acquisition protocols and the administration of the liverspecific
contrast agent gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)
increases the motion artifacts that degrade the quality of the images making it more difficult to interpret
the images.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the role of adaptive respiratory training in improving the quality
of the MRI by reducing the motion artifacts and improving the signal intensity from the regions of
interest (ROI) in the late hepatic arterial phase.

Methods:

A total of 120 patients who underwent an abdominal MRI between 2021 to 2022 to assess
for the liver disease were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups: the experimental
group and the control group. The patients in the experimental group received adaptive training.
The incidence of motion artifacts and the signal intensity in the late hepatic arterial phase within
the abdominal aorta, hepatic artery, splenic artery, and hepatic parenchyma between the experimental
group and the control group were compared.

Results:

The incidence of motion artifacts in the experimental group was significantly reduced by
28.3% (p = 0.001, Chi-square value = 12.079). In the late hepatic arterial phase, the signal intensity of
the abdominal aorta, the hepatic artery, the splenic artery, and the hepatic parenchyma increased by
7.3%, 27.4%, 29.5%, and 6.9%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Adaptive respiratory training reduced the incidence of motion artifacts and improved the
signal intensity for various ROI. The improved image quality could potentially facilitate image interpretation
and reduce the number of repeat MRI scans.
Spatial Association Between Sociodemographic, Environmental Factors and Prevalence of Stroke Among Diabetes and Hypertension Patients in Thailand
Authors: Thammasarn Krittiyanee , Loahasiriwong Wongsa , Mahato Roshan Kumar , Sornlom Kittipong
Published: December 2022

Background:

Stroke is one of the top leading causes of death and disability among adults and the elderly worldwide. Hypertension (HT) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are the most common contributory risk factors of stroke, accounting for up to 75% of all cases. This study aimed to investigate the spatial association between sociodemographic and environmental factors and the prevalence of stroke among DM and HT patients in Thailand.

Methods:

This spatial study applied global Moran’s I, the local indicators of spatial association (LISA) and spatial regression to examine the localised associations of sociodemographic and environmental factors and the prevalence of stroke among DM and HT patients in Thailand.

Results:

The univariate Moran’s I scatter plot of the annual prevalence of stroke in Thailand’s provinces observed significant positive spatial autocorrelation with the Moran’s I value of 0.454 (p < 0.05). The High-High clusters of strokes were mostly located in the center. The Bivariate Moran’s I indicated a spatial association between various factors and the prevalence of stroke in which the LISA analysis indicated; 16 Hot-spots or High-High clusters (HH) and 4 Cold-spot or low-low clusters (LL) with alcohol store density, 17 HH and 4 LL clusters with tobacco store density, 9 HH and 9 LL clusters with elderly population density, 5 HH and 3 LL clusters of primary care per population ratio, 16 HH and 3 LL clusters with LST, and 10 HH and 5 LL clusters with NTL. The Spatial Error Model (SEM) of spatial regression analysis has been observed to be the best model that could predict the variation in the prevalence of stroke by 50.80% (R2=0.508). SEM indicated tobacco store density (coefficient=0.065, P<0.05), elderly population density (coefficient=0.013, P<0.001, LST (day) (coefficient=1.417, P<0.05), and NTL (coefficient=0.021, P<0.05) were statistically significant associated with the prevalence of stroke among DM and HT patients in Thailand.

Conclusion:

Our study observed that the distribution of alcohol stores, density of tobacco stores, concentration of older adults, increasing day temperature and density of NTL were likely to be associated with enhancing the prevalence of stroke in the cluster and neighboring provinces of Thailand. The findings of this study will benefit public sectors or related organizations to develop efficient measures to control stroke.
Preliminary Use and Outcome Data of a Digital Home Exercise Program for Back, Hip, and Knee Pain: Retrospective Observational Study With a Time Series and Matched Analysis
Authors: Teepe Gisbert Wilhelm , Kowatsch Tobias , Hans Felix Patricius , Benning Leo
Published: December 2022

Background

Musculoskeletal conditions are among the main contributors to the global burden of disease. International guidelines consider patient education and movement exercises as the preferred therapeutic option for unspecific and degenerative musculoskeletal conditions. Innovative and decentralized therapeutic means are required to provide access to and availability of such care to meet the increasing therapeutic demand for this spectrum of conditions.

Objective

This retrospective observational study of preliminary use and outcome data explores the clinical outcomes of Vivira (hereafter referred to as “program”), a smartphone-based program for unspecific and degenerative pain in the back, hip, and knee before it received regulatory approval for use in the German statutory health insurance system.

Methods

An incomplete matched block design was employed to assess pain score changes over the intended 12-week duration of the program. Post hoc analyses were performed. In addition, a matched comparison of self-reported functional scores and adherence rates is presented.

Results

A total of 2517 participants met the inclusion criteria and provided sufficient data to be included in the analyses. Overall, initial self-reported pain scores decreased significantly from an average of 5.19 out of 10 (SD 1.96) to an average of 3.35 out of 10 (SD 2.38) after 12 weeks. Post hoc analyses indicate a particularly emphasized pain score reduction over the early use phases. Additionally, participants with back pain showed significant improvements in strength and mobility scores, whereas participants with hip or knee pain demonstrated significant improvements in their coordination scores. Across all pain areas and pain durations, a high yet expected attrition rate could be observed.

Conclusions

This observational study provides the first insights into the clinical outcomes of an exercise program for unspecific and degenerative back, hip, and knee pain. Furthermore, it demonstrates a potential secondary benefit of improved functionality (ie, strength, mobility, coordination). However, as this study lacks confirmatory power, further research is required to substantiate the clinical outcomes of the program assessed.

Trial Registration

German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00021785; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00021785
Risks, Epidemics, and Prevention Measures of Infectious Diseases in Major Sports Events: Scoping Review
Authors: Yan Xiangyu , Fang Yian , Li Yongjie , Jia Zhongwei , Zhang Bo
Published: December 2022

Background

Major sports events are the focus of the world. However, the gathering of crowds during these events creates huge risks of infectious diseases transmission, posing a significant public health threat.

Objective

The aim of this study was to systematically review the epidemiological characteristics and prevention measures of infectious diseases at major sports events.

Methods

The procedure of this scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s five-step methodological framework. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, were searched systematically. The general information (ie, publication year, study type) of each study, sports events’ features (ie, date and host location), infectious diseases’ epidemiological characteristics (ie, epidemics, risk factors), prevention measures, and surveillance paradigm were extracted, categorized, and summarized.

Results

A total of 24,460 articles were retrieved from the databases and 358 studies were included in the final data synthesis based on selection criteria. A rapid growth of studies was found over recent years. The number of studies investigating epidemics and risk factors for sports events increased from 16/254 (6.3%) before 2000 to 201/254 (79.1%) after 2010. Studies focusing on prevention measures of infectious diseases accounted for 85.0% (238/280) of the articles published after 2010. A variety of infectious diseases have been reported, including respiratory tract infection, gastrointestinal infection, vector-borne infection, blood-borne infection, and water-contact infection. Among them, respiratory tract infections were the most concerning diseases (250/358, 69.8%). Besides some routine prevention measures targeted at risk factors of different diseases, strengthening surveillance was highlighted in the literature. The surveillance system appeared to have gone through three stages of development, including manual archiving, network-based systems, and automated intelligent platforms.

Conclusions

This critical summary and collation of previous empirical evidence is meaningful to provide references for holding major sports events. It is essential to improve the surveillance techniques for timely detection of the emergence of epidemics and to improve risk perception in future practice.