bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative measurements of celeration times and indexes in the ductus venosus spectral Doppler waveforms in normal fetuses
Authors: Gürses Cemil , Karadağ Burak , Erol Onur
Published: February 2020

Background

Ductus venosus spectral waveform has two peaks and two nadirs: S, v, D and a velocities, which are obtained after to some extent of accelerations or decelerations throughout a cardiac cycle. It is aimed to define the actual celeration times and indexes and their relationships with the fetal heart rate (FHR).

Methods

The acceleration times and indexes were measured in 357 patients between 11 and 40 weeks of pregnancies with low risk.

Results

The FHR has a gradual increasing negative correlation from time for S to time for a with each of the cardiac times of phases according to the statistical analysis (correlations were minus 190, 269, 407 and 541 for S, v, D and a phase times, respectively). The acceleration aS and the deceleration Da have positive correlations with the FHR; however, the deceleration Sv and the acceleration vD do not correlate with the FHR.

Conclusion

The deceleration Da time and index are the main components for determining the FHR in fetuses. Therefore, the atrial contraction is the strongest component for determining the FHR in fetuses.
Radio-transmitters gnawed by edible dormice Glis glis in populations of different density
Authors: Jurczyszyn Mirosław
Published: February 2020

In a radio-tracking study of the edible dormouse Glis glis in Poland, 20 transmitters out of 125 used showed traces of gnawing, presumably by other dormice. All gnawed devices were found in a high-density population (8.0–9.5 individuals/ha) and none in low-density populations (2.5–5.5 individuals/ha). Sex, reproductive activity and season had no perceived impact on the damage done to the transmitters.
Multifunctional black phosphorus/MoS2 van der Waals heterojunction
Authors: Jiang Xixi , Zhang Min , Liu Liwei , Shi Xinyao , Yang Yafen , Zhang Kai , Zhu Hao , Chen Lin , Liu Xinke , Sun Qingqing , Zhang David Wei
Published: February 2020

The fast-developing information technology has imposed an urgent need for effective solutions to overcome the limitations of integration density in chips with smaller size but higher performance. van der Waals heterojunctions built with two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have been widely studied due to their 2D nature, and their unique electrical and photoelectronic properties are quite attractive in realizing multifunctional devices toward multitask applications. In this work, black phosphorus (BP)/MoS2 heterojunctions have been used to build electronic devices with various functionalities. A p-n diode is achieved based on the vertically stacked BP/MoS2 heterojunction exhibiting an ideal factor of 1.59, whereas a laterally stacked BP/MoS2 heterojunction is implemented to fabricate a photodetector that shows a photodetection responsivity of 2000 mA/W at a wavelength of 1300 nm. Furthermore, a ternary inverter has been realized using a BP field-effect transistor in-series with a lateral BP/MoS2 heterojunction. Such results have unambiguously demonstrated the superiority of BP/MoS2 heterojunction in realizing multiple functionalities and have offered a new pathway for the design and engineering of future circuitry and device integration based on novel 2D semiconductors.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-bis(3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-acrylato-κO
1)-(μ2-1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene-κ2
N
3:N3′)cobalt(II)], C32H26CoF6N4O6
Authors: Wang Lei , Ma Leijuan
Published: February 2020

C32H26CoF6N4O6, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 5.4881(3) Å, b = 11.6495(6) Å, c = 13.1533(6) Å, α = 84.979(2)°, β = 84.370(2)°, γ = 80.602(2)°, V = 823.46(7) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0381, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1069, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of diisopropyl 2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate, C14H20O6
Authors: Li Zhuang-Yu , Liu E. , Liu Xiao-Jing , Jian Fang-Fang
Published: February 2020

C14H20O6, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 6.4270(13) Å, b = 8.3458(17) Å, c = 8.4120(17) Å, α = 107.08(3)°, β = 106.43(3)°, γ = 107.37(3)°, V = 376.2(2) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0521, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1541, T = 294.0 K.
Graphene and CNT impact on heat transfer response of nanocomposite cylinders
Authors: Behdinan Kamran , Moradi-Dastjerdi Rasool , Safaei Babak , Qin Zhaoye , Chu Fulei , Hui David
Published: February 2020

Reinforcing polymers with nanofillers is an advanced approach to improve and manage the thermal behaviors of polymeric nanocomposite materials. Among the proposed nanofillers, graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT) with superior thermal conductivity are two advanced nanofillers, which have extensively been utilized to enhance the heat transfer responses of host polymeric materials. In this work, the impacts of randomly oriented graphene and CNT to steady state and transient heat transfer behaviors of functionally graded (FG) nanocomposite cylinders have been investigated using an axisymmetric model. Nanocomposite cylinders have been assumed to be under heat fluxes, heat convections or temperatures as different types of thermal boundary conditions. The thermal properties of the resulted nanocomposite materials are estimated by micromechanical model. Moreover, the governing thermal equations of axisymmetric cylinders have been analyzed using a highly consistent and reliable developed mesh-free method. This numerical method predicts temperature fields via MLS shape functions and imposes essential boundary conditions with transformation approach. The effects of nanofiller content and distribution as well as thermal boundary conditions on the heat transfer responses of nanocomposite cylinders are studied. The results indicated that the use of nanofiller resulted in shorter stationary times and higher temperature gradients in FG nanocomposite cylinders. Moreover, the use of graphene in nanocomposites had stronger impact on thermal response than CNT.
Are Womenʼs Rights Protected in Georgia? Statistics and Reality
Authors: Abesadze Nino , Paresashvili Nino , Kinkladze Rusudan
Published: February 2020

Violence against women is relevant both in the world and in Georgia. Therefore, the aim of the work is Statistical analysis of violence against women in Georgia, according to the causes, forms, revealed forms and results of violence. The methods of statistical observation, grouping and analysis were used in the research process. The graphical expression method is widely used. Apart from them, the methods of induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis, and selective observation were also used. Relative indicators of structure, dynamics, and comparison were calculated. Violence against women is a taboo topic for Georgian society and rarely becomes disclosed. Violence against women and girls in Georgia includes sexual abuse, rape, sexual harassment, early marriages, or forced marriage. The cases of violence against women are much more common in residents of Tbilisi, Samtskhe-Javakheti and Mtskheta-Mtianeti. It is relatively low in Adjara, Guria, Samegrelo and Imereti regions. Besides physical violence, there is frequent psychological violence, such as constant control of the wife, threatening, intimidation, etc. Violence indicators are different for age groups and nationalities. The survey is intended for a wide segment. In the future, it is possible to further expand the area by considering sources of financing. The results of this research will help increase public awareness and the need for women’s rights. Since 2009, research about women’s violence in Georgia has not been conducted. Therefore, the statistical data presented here is completely most recent.
Separation and quantification of 90Sr from ion-exchange resin radioactive waste: methods and techniques of analysis
Authors: Dianu Aurelia Magdalena , Dobrin Relu Ion
Published: February 2020

Four methods for 90Sr separation from spent ion-exchange resin samples were carried out, offering a useful methodology to achieve interferences free 90Sr fractions. The four methods consist in resin sample decomposition, pre-treatment and selective separation of 90Sr by using: (a) a single chromatographic extraction process, (b) double chromatographic extraction, (c) a single chromatographic extraction process followed in sequence by two precipitations, and (d) ion-exchange chromatography, followed by extraction chromatography and precipitation. Mineralization by microwave acid digestion and the four 90Sr separation methods thoroughly presented are available. Data processing methods (adjustable modified efficiency tracing – a new improved approach for the efficiency tracing LSC technique, non-linear regression and α-β discrimination) to obtain the activities values of α, β-γ, pure β emitters and the evaluation of chemical recovery yield of strontium were presented. A discussion about activity assessment in 90Sr purified fractions, providing a convincing argument to support the accuracy of the 90Sr separation methods, is also offered.
Some combinatorial matrices and their LU-decomposition
Authors: Prodinger Helmut
Published: February 2020

Three combinatorial matrices were considered and their LU-decompositions were found. This is typically done by (creative) guessing, and the proofs are more or less routine calculations.
Selected Magnetic Resonance applications for non-destructive material testing
Authors: Haddad Daniel , Mörchel Philipp , Hildenbrand Markus , Hiller Karl-Heinz
Published: February 2020

Magnetic resonance’s potential is already proven in the clinical sector and for non-destructive testing also in the laboratory environment. With recent developments in technology today’s small and midsized often portable MR systems are also able to work in an industrial setup and in the field. Therefore, the number of MR applications is rapidly increasing as is the acceptance of MR as technique for non-destructive testing. Selected examples for magnetic resonance in polymers, in porous media and in food samples are shown here.
Coagulation of Metallic Pollutants from Wastewater Using a Variety of Coagulants Based on Metal Binding Interaction Studies
Authors: Sharif Saba , Zaman Qamar uz , Hassan Faiza , Javaid Sana , Arif Khalid , Mansha Muhammad Zeeshan , Ehsan Nusrat , Nazir Saba , Gul Rehman , Iqbal Munawar , Nazir Arif
Published: February 2020

In this study, different organic (moringa and neem leaf powder) and inorganic (alum) coagulants were used for the wastewater treatment. Results revealed that all the coagulants at various doses significantly affected the pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and turbidity of wastewater. The maximum decrease in all the attributes was observed when 10 g of coagulants were used. Similarly, maximum adsorption potential was observed in case of moringa leaf powder. Maximum decrease in all physiochemical attributes such as pH (13%), EC (65%), turbidity (75%), total dissolved solids (TDS; 51%), total suspended solids (TSS; 48%), total hardness (TH; 29%), chloride contents (66%) and phosphate contents (44%) was observed. Regarding the heavy metals, maximum decrease for Cadmium (Cd; 96%), Lead (Pb; 88%), Arsenic (As; 23%), Iron (Fe; 90%), Manganese (Mn; 96%) and Zinc (Zn; 48%) was observed in same treatment. The decreasing order in terms of their adsorption potential for coagulants was moringa leaf powder > Alum > neem leaf powder. However, the maximum effect of coagulants was observed in case of textile wastewater as compared to the hospital wastewater. Based on the analyses, it is concluded that the moringa leaf powder has maximum adsorption potential for the remediation of wastewater.
Diversity, Inclusive Leadership, and Health Outcomes
Authors: Bradley Elizabeth H.
Published: February 2020

In this time of polarization and divisiveness across increasingly diverse communities, health policy and management research offers an important insight: engaging diversity meaningfully through inclusive leadership—that embraces staff across hierarchies and engages difference perspectives so that all healthcare workers of all kinds feel they can speak up and participate—can save lives. In multiple studies of quality in cardiovascular care, top performing hospitals have been shown to exhibit the capacity to embrace staff across hierarchies and engage differences so that healthcare workers of all kinds feel they can speak up and participate meaningfully in improvement efforts. Most recently, in the two-year, longitudinal Leadership Saves Lives study of 10 hospitals, the ability to adopt a culture of improvement rather than blaming was linked to significant reductions in risk-standardized mortality rates. Moreover, the guiding coalitions (ie, quality improvement teams) in six of the 10 hospitals that were most successful were distinguished in three ways that give insight about effective modes of engaging differences: (1) including staff from difference disciplines and levels in the organizational hierarchy, (2) encouraging authentic participation by the members, and (3) using constructive patterns of managing conflict (ie, having clear role definitions, working to surface minority viewpoints, and collectively revisiting the shared goal of saving lives). Based on this literature, adequately engaging a wide range of diverse viewpoints and staff roles can have a marked impact on health outcomes. Although the studies reviewed do not examine racial/ethnic diversity per se, they do lend insight into effectively navigating environments with extensive diversity of perspectives, professional identities, and experiences. Future research may assess whether these insights have application to other forms of diversity as well. In this time of extreme polarization and division globally and locally, health policy and management research has an opportunity to share evidence that could help navigate an increasingly diverse environment, at least within the field of healthcare, towards a more inclusive, humane, and life-giving approach to our collective future.
HEREDITARY ENDOCRINE TUMOURS: CURRENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES: Metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: proceedings of the MEN2019 workshop
Authors: Dahia Patricia L M , Clifton-Bligh Roderick , Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule , Robledo Mercedes , Jimenez Camilo
Published: February 2020

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are adrenal or extra-adrenal autonomous nervous system-derived tumors. Most PPGLs are benign, but approximately 15% progress with metastases (mPPGLs). mPPGLs are more likely to occur in patients with large pheochromocytomas, sympathetic paragangliomas, and norepinephrine-secreting tumors. Older subjects, those with larger tumors and synchronous metastases, advance more rapidly. Germline mutations of SDHB, FH, and possibly SLC25A11, or somatic MAML3 disruptions relate to a higher risk for metastatic disease. However, it is unclear whether these mutations predict outcome. Once diagnosed, there are no well-established predictors of outcome in mPPGLs, and aggressive tumors have few therapeutic options and limited response. High-specific activity (HSA) metaiodine-benzyl-guanidine (MIBG) is the first FDA approved treatment and shows clinical effectiveness for MIBG-avid mPPGLs. Ongoing and future investigations should involve validation of emerging candidate outcome biomarkers, including somatic ATRX, TERT, and microRNA disruptions and identification of novel prognostic indicators. Long-term effect of HSA-MIBG and the role of other radiopharmaceuticals should be investigated. Novel trials targeting molecular events prevalent in SDHB/FH mutant tumors, such as activated hypoxia inducible factor 2 (HIF2), angiogenesis, or other mitochondrial defects that might confer unique vulnerability to these tumors should be developed and initiated. As therapeutic options are anticipated to expand, multi-institutional collaborations and well-defined clinical and molecular endpoints will be critical to achieve higher success rates in improving care for patients with mPPGLs.
O colapso do capitalismo español: leccións e preguntas para despois dunha crise
Authors: Outes Ruso Xosé Luis
Published: February 2020

Neste traballo exponse o desenvolvemento da economía española ao longo do ciclo económico 1996-2008, que orixinou unha estrutura produtiva na que predominan sectores de baixa produtividade non expostos á competencia internacional. A irrupción da crise financeira deixou en evidencia as debilidades e os desequilibrios do capitalismo español, o que provocará que esta crise sexa en España moito máis duradeira, deixando no noso país unhas secuelas moito máis profundas que nas demais economías da área euro.
O extraño caso do ataque á eurozona: de quen é a culpa?
Authors: Afonso Óscar , Alves Rui Henrique
Published: February 2020

Nos últimos meses, a eurozona estivo baixo o fogo dos mercados financeiros, sendo os especuladores acusados dunha especie de conspiración cuxo último obxectivo sería a desin-tegración do proxecto europeo de Unión Económica e Monetaria (UEM).Neste artigo discútense as verdadeiras razóns que levaron a esta situación, con especial refe-rencia a catro aspectos cuxo debate se mantén aberto desde comezos dos anos noventa do século XX: a converxencia nominal versus a converxencia real; a necesidade –ou non– de coor-dinar as políticas orzamentarias nacionais; os mecanismos de axuste aos shocks específicos e a teoría das áreas monetarias óptimas; e a necesidade –ou non– para avanzar na consecución da integración política. Utilizando datos sobre o caso de Portugal, evidenciamos que en varios destes temas a construción da UME segue poñendo de manifesto varias deficiencias que están na base da actual situación de inestabilidade. Nese contexto, preséntanse varias suxestións pa-ra fortalecer a zona euro, sobre todo no que respecta ao seu goberno económico.
Unha análise da independencia na auditoría de contas
Authors: Pina-Martínez García Ana María
Published: February 2020

A virtude do proceso auditor depende de como transcorra na mente de quen o fai, de como se sucedan as súas fases, do seu contido e da súa finalización. A independencia do auditor convértese nun dos piares fundamentais do exercicio da actividade de auditoría de contas. O obxectivo deste traballo é analizar como se foi desenvolvendo este concepto tanto a nivel internacional como nacional, e anticipar as liñas de evolución nun futuro máis ou menos próximo. Para iso analízanse os principais textos normativos que configuraron a independencia do auditor, cuxa regulación pivotou sobre tres cuestións: os servizos que non pode prestar o auditor, os honorarios que percibe e a duración do contrato de auditoría. Conclúese con algunhas reflexións sobre a importancia da independencia do auditor e do seu sistema de control de calidade.
Balnearios españois, motivacións para certificarse na "Q de Calidade Turística": análise empírica
Authors: Álvarez García José , Fraiz Brea José Antonio , Del Río Rama María de la Cruz
Published: February 2020

O turismo de saúde está experimentando un rápido crecemento nos últimos anos, posicionándose como unha alternativa ao turismo tradicional e sendo os balnearios os principais representantes deste segmento turístico. Os balnearios, como calquera outra empresa de servizos turísticos, deben buscar a satisfacción dos clientes para poder sobrevivir. Neste sentido, a xestión da calidade convértese en parte da estratexia empresarial, o que lles facilita aos balnearios diferenciarse e obter vantaxes competitivas que lles permitirán competir nos mercados actuais. Neste artigo preséntanse os resultados do estudo empírico levado a cabo en 29 dos 33 balnearios de ámbito nacional certificados coa marca “Q de Calidade Turística”. O seu obxectivo é analizar as motivacións que levan aos balnearios a implementar e a certificar o sistema de xestión da calidade sobre a base da norma UNE 186001:2009 (balnearios) da marca “Q de Calidade Turística”. Logo dunha exhaustiva revisión da literatura, realízase unha análise descritiva das motivacións, así como unha análise factorial para determinar a estrutura desas motivacións e, por último, agrúpanse os balnearios mediante una análise clúster coa finalidade de analizar eses grupos para establecer o seu perfil. Os resultados obtidos poñen de manifesto que as motivacións máis importantes que impulsan aos balnearios a implantar un sistema de xestión da calidade son motivacións internas, detectándose neste estudo diferenzas coas conclusións doutras investigacións académicas realizadas en empresas industriais. A estrutura das motivacións neste sector está configurada por tres grupos: razóns externas de mercado, razóns externas de esixencias e razóns internas.
Cadea de produción do cultivo de mexillón no ano 2011 na provincia de Tierra del Fuego, na Antártida e nas Illas do Atlántico Sur, Arxentina
Authors: Bertolotti María Isabel , Pagani Andrea , Gualdoni Patricia , Fosati Juan
Published: February 2020

Neste traballo descríbese o sector mitilicultor de Puerto Almanza, Arxentina, identificando e analizando os distintos compoñentes da cadea produtiva no ano 2011. A mitilicultura é unha acti-vidade produtiva complementaria para o desenvolvemento socioeconómico en Puerto Almanza, a cal se atopa nunha etapa de desenvolvemento tanto no que respecta ao sector artesanal como ao sec-tor industrial. Observáronse posibilidades para o crecemento e desenvolvemento endóxeno da acti-vidade, aínda que se detectaron problemas na súa cadea produtiva. No necesario proceso de conso-lidación cara á sostibilidade da miticultura na zona deben intervir os principais actores da actividade, destacando o rol fundamental reservado ao Estado. A recomendación para o longo prazo é asegurar o manexo apropiado desta zona de produción de moluscos nun marco de desenvolvemento sostible e participativo.
Correlation of Ultrasound and RIPASA Scoring System in the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Bansal Anand Rai , Jena Suvendu Sekhar , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: February 2020

Objective: Correlation of Ultrasound and RIPASA scoring system in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Study Design: 50 patients presenting to emergency underwent ultrasound and evaluation as per RIPASA scoring system followed by emergency appendicectomy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value calculated for each group. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value, and Negative Predictive Value for ultrasound were 75.51%, 100%, 100%, and 7.69% respectively, and that for the RIPASA scoring system were 93.9%, 100% 100%, and 25% respectively. The negative appendicectomy rate was 2%. Conclusion: RIPASA scoring system may be used for correctly diagnosing acute appendicitis but the low sensitivity of ultrasound precludes its routine use and may be used as a complementary tool in diagnosing acute appendicitis. Keywords: Acute Appendicitis, RIPASA, Ultrasound.
Knowledge of Moroccan Dentists Towards the Prophylaxis of Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Ben Mohimd Hajar , Zaoui Fatima , Chami Bassima , El Wady Wafae
Published: February 2020

Background: The involvement of oral bacterias in the occurrence of infective endocarditis (IE) has prompted the adoption of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental procedures for patients at high risk. This paper aimed to assess the knowledge of Moroccan dentists regarding the management of patients with heart disease at risk of infective endocarditis.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study that targeted 200 dentists in Rabat, Morocco. A questionnaire with 16 questions was distributed randomly. The level of dentists' level of knowledge was established based on the number of correct answers for each section and responses were assessed according to the American Heart Association (AHA) 2007 guidelines.Results: Only 133 practitioners have agreed to participate in our study with a response rate of 66,5%. 87% of dentists reported contacting the cardiologist before starting treatment, 33% of practitioners weren’t aware of any guidelines and 20% knew AHA 2007, 52% reported not following guidelines in the management of patients with heart disease. Among the cardiac conditions and dental procedures proposed in the questionnaire which required prophylaxis; 8% and 2% respectively chose the correct answer according to the AHA’s 2007 guidelines. 31% of dentists answered correctly on the prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis protocol according to the latest recommendations.Conclusion: According to our results, the knowledge of Moroccan private general dentists towards endocarditis prophylaxis was at a low level. The study highlights the need for continuous education.
STUDY ON THE ethanol extractS of BULGARIAN WHITE OREGANO (ORIGANUM HERACLEOTICUM L.)
Authors: Baycheva Stanka , Dobreva Krasimira , Mihaylova Gyurga
Published: February 2020

The influence of technological parameters - temperature, hydromodule (proportion between row material/solvent (g/cm3)) and duration of extraction, on the yield and composition of ethanol extracts from Bulgarian white oregano (Origanum heracleoticum L.) whit 70 % ethanol was studied. The yield of extracts and tannins content were defined. The highest yield and content of tannins in ethanol oregano extracts was determined in the following parameters: hydromodule 1:10, 60 OC and the duration of the process 6 hours.
PEDAGOGICAL MODELLING OF DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE OF PROFESSORS OF DISTANCE LEARNING MILITARY EDUCATION SYSTEM
Authors: Yahupov Vasyl , Kyva Vladyslav
Published: February 2020

The present article describes the results of analysis of academic views on such terms as “a pedagogical model”, “the modelling” and the possibilities to implement the pedagogical modelling in respect of a professor of the military education system. The pedagogical model of development of his/her information and communication competence in matters of distance learning was suggested and its main constituent elements as conceptual, insightful, methodic, effective, and, according to the requirements of the leading methodological approaches, informative, competence-based, subject-activity, and contextual aspects were substantiated. The content of the key constituent elements of the present model was also described.
AN OVERWIEW AND ANALYSIS OF DEPENDECIES FOR DETERMINING THE SATURATION PRESSURE OF WATER VAPORS
Authors: Tsankov Petko , Binev Ivan
Published: February 2020

This paper reviews, describes and analyzes the accuracy of 24 dependencies for determining the partial pressure of saturated water vapor. An important indicator of this process is the partial pressure of water vapor in the air, and its maximum value is called saturated water vapor pressure or water vapor saturation pressure, or partial saturated water vapor pressure. The assessment is made against the accepted dependency of Hardy-Wexler. Conclusions and recommendations for simple and highly accurate dependencies ps = f(t) were made.
The Specialties of the Pharmaceutical Value Chains in Hungary
Authors: Antalóczy Katalin , Gáspár Tamás , Sass Magdolna
Published: February 2020

The length, the composition, the quality and the characteristics of value chains essentially determine the corporate as well as the macroeconomic performance of the economic sectors and industries. Hungary has a strong tradition in the pharmaceutical industry but its dynamising impact seems to be limited on the economy. The aim of this paper is to detect and reveal the specialties of the Hungarian pharmaceutical industry both in space and time by a value chain analysis. Our method is partly quantitative, we use an input-output analysis; and partly qualitative, relying on interviews with the representatives of pharmaceutical companies. We found that the Hungarian pharma value chain is really special, having relatively short backward and forward linkages with mainly indirect value-added contribution as well as high import content of exports. However, our company interviews revealed the fundamental differences between original and generic value chains – i.e. again a pharma industry-specific distinction. Having relatively little original and more substantial generic production in Hungary explains much of the value chain specialties, which leaves its mark on the limited impact of the industry on the national economy.
KARAKTERISTIK MUTU IKAN BLACK MARLIN LOIN BEKU DI PT. SINAR SEJAHTERA SENTOSA JAKARTA
Authors: Nusaibah Nusaibah - , Maulid Deden Yusman , Fiyari Alkana Yusuf , Kartika Kartika
Published: February 2020

Ikan Black marlin merupakan ikan pelagis yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis penting, oleh karena itu produk olahannya yaitu Black marlin loin beku merupakan salah satu komoditi perikanan yang banyak disukai oleh pasar mancanegara. Sehingga Black marlin loin beku harus memiliki mutu yang baik untuk layak dipasarkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis karakteristik mutu ikan Black marlin beku yang diproduksi di PT. Sinar Sejahtera Sentosa. Karakteristik yang diuji meliputi karakteristik fisik menggunakan uji organoleptik, kemudian karakteristik kimiawi dengan uji histamin dan karakteristik biologi dengan melakukan uji TPC (Total Plate Count) dan hasilnya kemudian dianalisis menggunakan standar SNI Marlin Loin Beku. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengujian organoleptik pada black marlin loin beku yaitu 7, sedangkan hasil yang diperoleh dari uji histamin sebesar 1 mg/kg dan uji TPC yaitu 370 coloni/g. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ikan Black Marlin Loin beku telah memenuhi standar SNI Marlin Loin Beku, ikan tersebut mempunyai mutu yang baik sehingga aman untuk dikonsumsi dan layak untuk dipasarkan. Black marlin is a pelagic species that has high economic value, therefore the processed product frozen loin black marlin, is one of the fisheries commodities that are preferred by foreign markets. Therefore, frozen black marlin loin must have good quality to be marketable. The aim of this research was to study and analyze the quality characteristics of frozen black marlin loin at PT. Sinar Sejahtera Sentosa. Characteristics test were done by doing physical characteristics using organoleptic test, then chemical characteristics test by doing histamine test and biological characteristics test by doing TPC (Total Plate Count) test and the results were analyzed then with standard SNI Frozen Loin Marlin. The result of organoleptic test on frozen loin black marlin were 7, while the results of histamine test were 1 mg/kg and the TPC test 370 coloni/g. From these results it can be concluded that frozen loin black marlin has fulfilled SNI standards, this fish has a good quality so safe for consumption and marketable.
Debulhador manual de milho verde para a agricultura familiar
Authors: Custódio Tiago Vega , Schwab Marina Peter , Anjos Maria Eduarda Silveira dos , Machado Robero Lilles Tavares , Machado Antônio Lilles Tavares
Published: February 2020

Nas propriedades familiares vem crescendo a implantação de pequenas agroindústrias de processamento de produtos oriundos do próprio setor. O milho verde em conserva é um exemplo de produto comercializado pelos produtores familiares, porém, necessita ser debulhado, sendo essa tarefa normalmente executada de forma manual com auxílio de ferramentas domésticas. Os debulhadores de milho verde comercializados atualmente são para produção em alta escala, tornando-se equipamentos inacessíveis aos agricultores familiares. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve a finalidade de desenvolver um debulhador de milho verde para esses produtores. A metodologia utilizada fundamenta-se no Modelo de Fases, empregado com êxito no projeto de máquinas agrícolas, o qual se divide em quatro etapas: projeto informacional, projeto conceitual, projeto preliminar e projeto detalhado. Como resultado da aplicação da metodologia, obtiveram-se três concepções e três protótipos de debulhadores de milho verde. Após a realização dos ensaios, o protótipo 3 foi determinado o ideal para atender às necessidades dos agricultores familiares.
Caracterização morfométrica da sub-bacia do rio espinharas no estado da Paraíba-PB
Authors: Silva Jéssica Bruna Alves , Duarte Simone Mirtes Araújo
Published: February 2020

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a análise morfométrtica da sub-bacia do Rio Espinharas, localizado no Estado da Paraíba. Para isso, foram gerados os Modelos de Elevação Digital (MDE) referentes à declividade e hipsometria. A área de drenagem calculada foi de 2942,0338 km² com um perímetro de 375677, 3816 km e coeficiente de compacidade (Kc) 1,94. O fator de forma (F) foi calculado em 0,68, com o índice de circularidade (IC) de 0,26, sendo classificada como sub-bacia de 3ª ordem com densidade de drenagem 0,3317 km/km² e densidade de rede drenagem 0,000585 rios/km². Foi observado que o coeficiente de compacidade (acima de 1,50) associado ao índice de circularidade (0,26), indicam que a sub-bacia não tende à forma circular, possuindo uma forma mais alongada que, em condições normais de precipitação, é pouco suscetível a enchentes, apesar do fator de forma (0,68) apresentar um valor maior que o esperado. Desta forma, concluiu-se que a sub-bacia do Rio Espinharas não possui tendência a enchentes, porém, sempre é recomendado a utilização de práticas conservacionistas.
To the Question of Building an Ideological Basis of the Legal Policy for the Criminal Sphere of Russian Society
Authors: Akimova Natalia
Published: February 2020

The article examines the ideological basis of the legal policy for the criminal sphere of Russian society. The author notes that, in spite of optimistic criminological indices found in official statistics, it is too early to conclude that the criminal situation in the country is stable. It is stressed that the situation with law and order in modern Russia is far from ideal due to, largely, a lack of a sound criminal policy. The author assesses the contemporary condition of Russian criminal policy as a crisis and stresses that this crisis is, primarily, an ideological one. The paper states that in today’s Russia the question of developing any policy, including criminal policy, is very sensitive due to the polarization of opinions as to whether this process should rely on a radical modernization of its ideological basis or it should use national foundations while taking into account the existing traditions. Within this context, the author notes that the Russian state was historically based on a system of obligations placed on a person, and it still uses the idea of obligations and (or) the system of the Gospel’s Commandments. However, today this fundamental basis is eroded by the values of uncontrolled liberalism, which not only dictates permissiveness in all spheres of life, but also imposes this ideology as the only one possible. The author believes that this path is absolutely unacceptable for Russia because, unlike the Western civilization, that has successfully replaced morals with the law, the Orthodox civilization has always given priority to the moral norms. Based on the presented material, the author concludes that, while formulating the clauses of criminal legal policy in contemporary Russia, it is necessary to rely upon its specific national features, and that the ideological basis should not contradict basic values that have been developing in the society for thousands of years. This approach will benefit the lawfulness of citizens and will reduce the level of legal nihilism, which is a serious obstacle for the effective use of law.
Placing Juvenile Delinquents into Residential Correctional Schools
Authors: Smirnova Irina , Nikolyuk Vyacheslav , Markovicheva Elena , Kachalova Oksana
Published: February 2020

An integral part of modern criminal policy is criminal procedure policy regarding juvenile delinquents, aimed at resolving a criminal law conflict in the ways that are most beneficial for these persons and that lead to their re-integration in the society. The purpose of juvenile criminal proceedings is connected with special educational tasks and requires special procedures. In Russian criminal proceedings, the court can substitute criminal punishment with compulsory educational measures as part of such procedures. Russian system of compulsory educational measures is complicated, and a special place is held by the most severe sanction — directing a juvenile guilty of a grave crime or a crime of medium gravity into a special residential correctional school. The authors note that the legislation does not fully regulate the application of this sanction, which hinders its use by courts. They also present statistical data on the number of juveniles who the courts place into special residential correctional schools and analyze the reasons why this measure is seldom used. As there is no service of probation in Russia, the courts have no opportunity to find good solutions to the problems connected with a delinquent’s stay in a residential correctional school. The authors support the initiative of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation to transfer these problems to the sphere of administrative court procedure, which should both benefit the court system and promote the rights of minors. They argue for the development of two strategic spheres of state criminal procedure policy for juveniles — that criminal court procedure should no longer deal with resolving socio-pedagogical, rehabilitation and medical problems of a juvenile's stay in a residential correctional school, and that there should be a detailed procedure for placing a juvenile into such an institution.
Feasibility and potential of separate anaerobic digestion of municipal sewage sludge fractions
Authors: Dilek Erdirencelebi  , Cansu Bayhan
Published: February 2020

Feasibility of the separate anaerobic stabilization of primary (PS) and secondary (SS) sludge fractions produced in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) was studied at volatile loading rates (VLR) of 0.57–2.05 and 0.27–0.57 kg VS/(m3∙d) for PS and SS, respectively, corresponding to 16–30 and 14–28 d of hydraulic retention time (HRT). Laboratory-scale semi-continuous anaerobic reactors were operated at 35°C.  The operational performance and quality of the final stabilized sludge were monitored. PS and SS showed opposite thickening abilities exhibiting a need for direct feeding of PS to the digesters. Biodegradability was obtained as 52(±1) and 40(±5)% volatile solid (VS) removal for PS and SS, respectively. Optimum VLR was determined according to the highest methane yield (specific methane production), VS reduction and dewaterability of the stabilised sludge. An inhibitory effect was observed at higher VLRs in PS digestion inducing a gradual reduction in the methane yield and daily production. High oil and grease content was subject to a substantial reduction in PS digestion showing a dependency on HRT. Conversely, a considerable degree of augmentation took place in the stabilised SS with no correlation to HRT at values lower than 30 d. Efficient reduction in the oil and grease content improved dewaterability in stabilised PS whereas high oil and grease content prevented an improvement for stabilised SS. Major benefits were obtained as lower HRT and high stability with higher methane production and fertilizing (N and P content) characteristics for digestion performance and stabilized SS, whereas direct feeding and higher HRT for PS digestion were determined as beneficial.
Профессиональные династии в бизнесе: специфика и потенциал развития
Authors: Клименко Людмила Владиславовна , Посухова Оксана Юрьевна
Published: February 2020

Цитирование: Клименко Л.В., Посухова О.Ю. (2020) Профессиональные династии в бизнесе: специфика и потенциал развития // Мир России. Т. 29. № 1. С. 80–102. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-1-80-102

Воспроизводство профессиональных династий в бизнесе фиксируется во всех странах с рыночной экономикой. Многие ученые утверждают, что семейная преемственность в предпринимательской деятельности является одним из факторов стабильности и роста национальных экономик. Вместе с тем социально-экономические эффекты бизнес-династий амбивалентны: выявляются конструктивные (трансфер человеческого капитала, воспроизводство профессионального этоса) и деструктивные (концентрация капитала, фамилизм и ограничение конкуренции) позиции. Статья основывается на вторичном анализе эмпирических исследований, проведенных в западных странах и России. Показано, что наиболее важным коррелятом профессионального выбора в сфере бизнеса является родительское предпринимательство, которое связано с трансляцией ролевых паттернов, доступом к сложившейся бизнес-сети и ранним формированием профессиональной идентичности. Можно выделить несколько моделей трансмиссии профессиональных позиций в бизнесе: (1) преемственность (принятие статуса как осознанная ценность и стремление к  нему) – активная практика; (2) сохранение статуса (последующие поколения принимают бизнес-наследство как должное/вынужденное) – пассивная практика; (3) отказ/уход от продолжения предпринимательской династии. Успешная преемственность в семейном бизнесе предполагает предварительное планирование процесса передачи управления, понимание членами семьи основных принципов и правил преемственности, формирование у наследников необходимого образовательного уровня и практического опыта деятельности. В России практика наследования капитала и управленческих профессиональных позиций в бизнесе не распространена (в отличие от западных традиций). Формированию бизнес-династий в отечественной экономике препятствуют факторы макроуровня (транзитный институциональный статус семейного предпринимательства), неблагоприятная социально-политическая и экономическая ситуация, факторы мезоуровня (несформированность практик профессиональной преемственности в предпринимательской среде). В большинстве случае в семьях бизнесменов не выработан системный подход к вопросам передачи капитала, отсутствуют документы, регламентирующие наследование бизнеса, дети не информированы о планах родителей и принципах преемственности,  – все это затрудняет создание благоприятных перспектив для формирования устойчивых бизнес-династий в российском обществе.
Changes of toll like receptor4 and nuclear factor kappaB signal pathway in type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis SD rats v1
Authors: Guo Liting
Published: February 2020

Objective:To observe thepathological change of thoracic aorta and the expression of microRNA-155 (miR-155), toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappaB(NF-kB) level in SD rats with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Methods:Total forty male SD ratswere randomly divided into control group(n=16)and model group(n=24)after adaptive feeding 1 week. Rats in model groupwere given high glucose and high fat diet for six weeks and then were injected Streptozotocin(30mg/kg) and continued feeding eight weeks to establish type 2 diabetic atheroscleroticmodel. Rats in control group were given normal dietand given the same amount of citric acid buffer. At the end of the 14thweek, the body weight, fasting blood glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured. The thoracic aorta of rats were taken out. The expression of miR-155 in the aorta of diabetic rats was measured by real-time PCR; TLR4 and NF-kB protein in the aorta of diabetic rats were measured by Western blotting; Immunofluorescence and HE staining were used to detect the expression of TLR4 and the pathological changes of thoracic aorta under the light microscope. Results: ①Compared with control group, the weight declined significantly in model group[(590.11±37.39vs.446.85±44.19) (t=10.508, P<0.01)]; FPG, TC, TG and LDL increased significantly in model group [(7.75±1.20 vs. 21.24±4.86, 2.30±0.37vs.34.85±10.68, 1.30±0.19 vs. 20.93±10.72, 0.52±0.08 vs. 12.99±5.17) (t=12.504,12.131,8.584,9.606, All P<0.01)]. ②Compared with control group, theexpression of miR-155increased in model group [(1.045± 0.064 vs. 1.410± 0.109) (t=11.932, P<0.01)]. ③Compared with control group, the expression of TLR4and NF-kB proteinincreased in model group. ④HE staining showed that theaorta lumen became narrowby naked eye, the underlying matrix of endothelial cells of the aorta became thicker, fibrous tissue proliferated, the endothelial cell nucleus increased, deformed and divided, the surface and middle membrane structures became loose and the distance increasedand many smooth muscle cells became round and shortin model group. The change of artery wall structure was not obvious incontrol group. Conclusion: MiR-155 and inflammatory factor TLR4/NF-kB were increased in type 2 diabetes,these may be involved in the formation of diabetic atherosclerosis.
BIBLIOTEKA VGIK
Authors: - Editorial
Published: February 2020

Editorial
The Science of the History of Media: Approaches and Concepts
Authors: Bakulev Gennady P
Published: February 2020

The article examines media studiesfrom a historical perspective, proving the necessityof using an interdisciplinary approach includingmedia evolution, history, anthropology, andarcheology. There are a lot of versions of mediadevelopment presented in various formats andcontexts from listing the names of inventorsand technological devices to describing economic,cultural and social practices but eachcontains presumptions, arguments in favor ofthe significance of media for peoples communicationand the reasons for historical changes.The author also analyses the interpretation of theterm media history proposed by Lisa Gitelman,one of the most respected experts in this area.
Maurice Maeterlinck’s Philosophy of Art
Authors: Mankovskaya Nadezhda B
Published: February 2020

In the article the key ideas of Maurice Maeterlincks philosophy of art, inspired by the spirit of German idealism, European Romanticism and also mysticism and occultism are considered. On this basis his own original philosophical-aesthetic and artistic views which have laid down in a basis of philosophy of art of symbolism crystallize. The main problems interesting for Maeterlinck in this sphere are metaphysics of art and its philosophical-aesthetic aspects: silence, hidden, destiny, external and internal, madness, mystical ecstasy; essence of artistic image and symbol in art; aesthetic categories of beauty, sublime, tragical, comic; aesthetic ideal; nature of art novelty; relations between aesthetics and ethics. Artisticity, symbolization in art, suggestion, idealization, spirituality as the main attributes of authentic art, stylized poetic generalizations, laconism of a plot - these are the basis of Maeterlincks poetic world and his art-aesthetic principles which have become the art base for symbolist philosophy. Maeterlinck paid special attention to the art-aesthetic aspects of the art of theatre connected with creative credo of the playwright, his skill. He was also deeply engaged into exploration of the art influencing power as well as questions of aesthetic perception, empathies, and art hermeneutics. The major thrust of his philosophical-aesthetic research was that of an expectance of the approaching era of great spirituality and supreme mission of the artist-theurgist in it - in this respect Maeterlinck going his way, had a lot of common with the ideas of Paul Claudel, let alone representatives of Russian theourgistic aesthetics. In his poeticized meditations over the future of artistic culture Maeterlinck quite often acts as a teacher of life and, like described by him bees, collecting honey of hopes.
The Birth of Cinema in the Russian Empire and Film Censorship
Authors: Drubek Natascha
Published: February 2020

The second part of the article (forbeginning see Issue # 4 (34) 2017) looks intothe spiritual (religious) censorship and its relationshipwith the institute of the householdcensorship regulating the representation of thesacral in the Russian Empire. The author investigatesthe ways of controlling the content ofthe films and their demonstration. An attemptto limit the circulation of the Tzars movingimage, the withdrawal of the Khodynka footage,on the one hand, and on the other hand,the success of the first Lumi.re films includingthe portrayal of the Russian Emperor starting thedomestic production of Tzarist newsreels ledto the emergence of Russain film censorship.