bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Personalization of Customer Services in E-Commerce System using Predictive Analytics
Authors: Bhargava Deepshikha , Bhargava Amitabh , Melgarejo-Bolivar Romel P. , Montes de Oca-Nina Abigail M. , Chaudhury Sushovan
Published: November 2023

The extensive study was conducted to enhance the prediction of customer turnover in an online retail and distribution organization. The study combines data from surveys, consumer comments, and financial records to uncover themes from textual assessments using state-of-the-art methodologies. Methods such as Dirichlet Multilayer Perceptron Mixing, Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Random Sampling fall within this category. In addition to its usage for assessing geographic data for location-based consumer segmentation, DBSCAN is a crucial tool for this investigation. Model development for churn prediction and root cause analysis makes use of logistic regression and extreme gradient boosting. The statistical and practical benefits of the proposed paradigm are shown via comparison to existing options. A model’s predictive efficacy may be evaluated using the area under the curve or the lift metric. The research also introduces the concept of “Consumer-driven energy-efficient WSNs architecture for Personalization and contextualization in E-commerce Systems,” which suggests using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to collect data efficiently, provide customized service and provide context for online purchases. Overall, the research demonstrates the effectiveness of machine learning in harnessing consumer input for strategic decision-making, illuminating the potential of creative sensor network integration in enhancing e-commerce personalization and contextualization.
CHANGE IN MUSCLE ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF THE BRACHIALIS AND BICEPS BRACHII DURING DYNAMIC ELBOW FLEXION
Authors: DATE SHOTA , KURUMADANI HIROSHI , KURAUCHI KAZUYA , ISHII YOSUKE , SUNAGAWA TORU
Published: November 2023

In this study, we investigated the changes in the muscle activities of the brachialis (BR) and biceps brachii (BB) during dynamic elbow flexion under different movement velocity and load conditions. Twenty healthy adult males performed isotonic elbow flexions in the full range of motion (0–140∘) under angular velocities of 30∘/s and 60∘/s, and with (30% maximum torque) and without load conditions. Muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography (EMG). The muscle activity of the BR and BB was compared to their response to different angle phases, angular velocity and load conditions. Both muscle activities of the BR and BB significantly increased in the initial angle phases of the elbow flexion. Muscle activity of the BR progressively increased with increasing elbow flexion, whereas that of the BB plateaued regardless of the velocity and load conditions. Specifically, BB muscle activity plateaued after an initial increase in the earliest phase at 60∘/s with load conditions. It was suggested that BR and BB contributed to the control of the movement in a different way during dynamic elbow flexion.
Assessment of Melia azedarach Plant Extracts Activity Against Hypothetical Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via GC-MS Analysis and In Silico Approaches
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Ali Imran , Aziz Tariq , Ali Nouman , Hassan Ali , Rahman Shafiq Ur , Aziz Riffat , Alharbi Metab
Published: November 2023

Medicinal plants have played an important role in treating different diseases. Melia azedarach is a plant with significant medical and biological applications. This research aimed to explore the possible bioactivity of various biological compounds. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of Melia azedarach identified 25 compounds, among which 1-ethyl-3-methyl-2-nitrosobenzene and 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl-5-(nitromethyl)benzene were the main phytochemicals present in the crude extract of Melia azedarach. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB). The hypothetical protein OHO21363.1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is characterized using an in silico approach for exploring immunogenicity and virulence. After the homology prediction and characterization, this protein was predicted to be a PEE family protein with virulence and immune response functions. This virulent protein lies in the extracellular region of the cell according to subcellular localization and gene ontology. Due to its virulence factor and disease privilege against the host immune response, it can be used as a potential receptor for drug designing. After the GC-MS analysis, the 28 phytochemicals were retrieved and analyzed. Pharmacophore characterization of 1-ethyl-3-methyl-2-nitrosobenzene and 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl-5-(nitromethyl)benzene was performed to get the initial information on phytochemical bonding properties. Chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) predicted that out of 28 drugs, only 2 could cross the PGP+ through the blood–brain barrier and gastrointestinal tract without violating Lipinski’s rule of 5. Both 1-ethyl-3-methyl-2-nitrosobenzene and 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl-5-(nitromethyl) benzene were predicted to have the best docking score against the protein, with –4.9 KJ/Mol and –5.0 KJ/Mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation showed favorable results and provided useful information about the behavior and interactions of the molecules in the dock complex. Immune simulation confirms no immune response on the protein, proving it to be a virulent protein. The phytoconstituents present in Melia azedarach have the potential for multiple pharmacological applications. These findings can be used to design the potential drug candidates against TB. These ligands may be good candidates to fight against the resistant strain of TB compared to the drugs available in the market in the future. More research must be conducted to identify the bioactive compounds that may be used to treat different ailments.
Learning from Very Little Data: On the Value of Landscape Analysis for Predicting Software Project Health
Authors: Lustosa Andre , Menzies Tim
Published: November 2023

When data is scarce, software analytics can make many mistakes. For example, consider learning predictors for open source project health (e.g., the number of closed pull requests in 12 months time). The training data for this task may be very small (e.g., 5 years of data, collected every month means just 60 rows of training data). The models generated from such tiny datasets can make many prediction errors.

Those errors can be tamed by a
landscape analysis
that selects better learner control parameters. Our
niSNEAK
tool (a) clusters the data to find the general landscape of the hyperparameters, then (b) explores a few representatives from each part of that landscape.
niSNEAK
is both faster and more effective than prior state-of-the-art hyperparameter optimization algorithms (e.g., FLASH, HYPEROPT, OPTUNA).

The configurations found by
niSNEAK
have far less error than other methods. For example, for project health indicators such as
C
= number of commits,
I
= number of closed issues, and
R
= number of closed pull requests,
niSNEAK
’s 12-month prediction errors are {I=0%, R=33% C=47%}, whereas other methods have far larger errors of {I=61%,R=119% C=149%}. We conjecture that
niSNEAK
works so well since it finds the most informative regions of the hyperparameters, then jumps to those regions. Other methods (that do not reflect over the landscape) can waste time exploring less informative options.

Based on the preceding, we recommend landscape analytics (e.g.,
niSNEAK
) especially when learning from very small datasets. This article only explores the application of
niSNEAK
to project health. That said, we see nothing in principle that prevents the application of this technique to a wider range of problems.

To assist other researchers in repeating, improving, or even refuting our results, all our scripts and data are available on GitHub at https://github.com/zxcv123456qwe/niSneak.
Autovesk: Automatic Vectorized Code Generation from Unstructured Static Kernels Using Graph Transformations
Authors: Tayeb Hayfa , Paillat Ludovic , Bramas Bérenger
Published: November 2023

Leveraging the SIMD capability of modern CPU architectures is mandatory to take full advantage of their increased performance. To exploit this capability, binary executables must be vectorized, either manually by developers or automatically by a tool. For this reason, the compilation research community has developed several strategies for transforming scalar code into a vectorized implementation. However, most existing automatic vectorization techniques in modern compilers are designed for regular codes, leaving irregular applications with non-contiguous data access patterns at a disadvantage. In this article, we present a new tool, Autovesk, that automatically generates vectorized code from scalar code, specifically targeting irregular data access patterns. We describe how our method transforms a graph of scalar instructions into a vectorized one, using different heuristics to reduce the number or cost of instructions. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on various computational kernels using Intel AVX-512 and ARM SVE. We compare the speedups of Autovesk vectorized code over GCC, Clang LLVM, and Intel automatic vectorization optimizations. We achieve competitive results on linear kernels and up to 11× speedups on irregular kernels.
Personalized and Diversified: Ranking Search Results in an Integrated Way
Authors: Wang Shuting , Dou Zhicheng , Liu Jiongnan , Zhu Qiannan , Wen Ji-Rong
Published: November 2023

Ambiguity in queries is a common problem in information retrieval. There are currently two solutions: search result personalization and diversification. The former aims to tailor results for different users based on their preferences, but the limitations are redundant results and incomplete capture of user intents. The goal of the latter is to return results that cover as many aspects related to the query as possible. It improves diversity yet loses personality and cannot return the exact results the user wants. Intuitively, such two solutions can complement each other and bring more satisfactory reranking results. In this article, we propose a novel framework, namely,
PnD
, to integrate personalization and diversification reasonably. We employ the degree of refinding to determine the weight of personalization dynamically. Moreover, to improve the diversity and relevance of reranked results simultaneously, we design a reset RNN structure (RRNN) with the “reset gate” to measure the influence of the newly selected document on novelty. Besides, we devise a “subtopic learning layer” to learn the virtual subtopics, which can yield fine-grained representations of queries, documents, and user profiles. Experimental results illustrate that our model can significantly outperform existing search result personalization and diversification methods.
Contrastive Multi-view Interest Learning for Cross-domain Sequential Recommendation
Authors: Zang Tianzi , Zhu Yanmin , Zhang Ruohan , Wang Chunyang , Wang Ke , Yu Jiadi
Published: November 2023

Cross-domain recommendation (CDR), which leverages information collected from other domains, has been empirically demonstrated to effectively alleviate data sparsity and cold-start problems encountered in traditional recommendation systems. However, current CDR methods, including those considering time information, do not jointly model the general and current interests within and across domains, which is pivotal for accurately predicting users’ future interactions. In this article, we propose a Contrastive learning-enhanced Multi-View interest learning model (CMVCDR) for cross-domain sequential recommendation. Specifically, we design a static view and a sequential view to model uses’ general interests and current interests, respectively. We divide a user’s general interest representation into a domain-invariant part and a domain-specific part. A cross-domain contrastive learning objective is introduced to impose constraints for optimizing these representations. In the sequential view, we first devise an attention mechanism guided by users’ domain-invariant interest representations to distill cross-domain knowledge pertaining to domain-invariant factors while reducing noise from irrelevant factors. We further design a domain-specific interest-guided temporal information aggregation mechanism to generate users’ current interest representations. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model compared with state-of-the-art methods.
Review—Towards Mercury Free: Ion Imprinted Polymer-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Monitoring of Mercury(II)
Authors: Ridwan Y. S. , Wyantuti S. , Sari A. A. , Hartati Y. W.
Published: November 2023

Mercury(II) monitoring is challenging in analytical and environmental sciences but neccesary due to its detrimental effect on human health and environmental safety. Ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) are synthetic materials with outstanding ion-selective recognition that can be used to make low-cost and time-efficient electrochemical sensors. In the past decade, there has been increased interest in the creation of such electrochemical sensors including those to detect Mercury (II). This article describes the present conception and performance of Hg-IIP-based electrochemical sensors (Hg-IIPECS). Numerous application examples demonstrate the excellent potential of Hg-IIPECS to quantify Mercury (II) in a wide variety of samples with high selectivity and low detection limits.
Mitophagy-dependent cardioprotection of resistance training on heart failure
Authors: Guo Chen , Wu Rui-Yun , Dou Jia-Hao , Song Shou-Fang , Sun Xue-Lu , Hu Yi-Wei , Guo Fan-Shun , Wei Jia , Lin Lin , Wei Jin
Published: November 2023

Impaired myocardial mitophagy is implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Resistance training alone or combined with different aerobic trainings provide discrepant cardiovascular effects on heart failure, and the cardioprotective function depends on HIF1α-Parkin-mitophagy pathway.
Center Volumes Correlate with Likelihood of Stent Implantation in German Coronary Angiography
Authors: Oettinger Vera , Hehn Philip , Bode Christoph , Zehender Manfred , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Westermann Dirk , Stachon Peter , Kaier Klaus
Published: November 2023

Aims. Literature on percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) stated an inverse relationship between hospital volume and mortality, but the effects on other characteristics are unclear. Methods. Using German national records, all coronary angiographies with coronary artery disease in 2017 were identified. We applied risk-adjustment to account for differences in population characteristics. Results. Of overall 528,188 patients, 55.22% received at least one stent, with on average 1.01 stents implanted in all patients. Based on those patients who received at least one stent, this corresponds to an average number of 1.82 stents. In-hospital mortality across all patients was 2.93%, length of hospital stay was 6.46 days, and mean reimbursement was €5,531. There were comparatively more emergency admissions in low volume centers and more complex cases (3-vessel disease, left main stenosis, and in-stent stenosis) in high volume centers. In multivariable regression analysis, volume and likelihood of stent implantation (

p
=
0.003

) as well as number of stents (

p
=
0.020

) were positively correlated. No relationship was seen for in-hospital mortality (

p
=
0.105

), length of stay (

p
=
0.201

), and reimbursement (

p
=
0.108

). Nonlinear influence of volume suggests a ceiling effect: In hospitals with ≤100 interventions, likelihood and number of implanted stents are lowest (∼34% and 0.6). After that, both rise steadily until a volume of 500 interventions. Finally, both remain stable in the categories of over 500 interventions (∼60% and 1.1). Conclusion. In PCI, lower volume centers contribute to emergency care. Higher volume centers treat more complex cases and show a higher likelihood of stent implantations, with a stable safety.
The Construction and Application of a Cloud Editing Digital Museum Oriented to Virtual Tour
Authors: Yang Yuhui , Bai Zhongxian , Zhang Hao , Wang Yongchao
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the digital transformation of museums, and online virtual tours have become an important development direction for the cultural inheritance of museums in the present and future. Therefore, there is an urgent need for appropriate digital museum spaces to attract virtual tours of visitors. Firstly, the paper introduces the current situation of the digital transformation of museums around the world under the background of the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzes the challenges of digital museums in supporting virtual tours. Secondly, aiming at these challenges, we design a cloud editing digital museum architecture and develop a cloud editing digital museum system based on the requirement survey. Finally, the paper introduces the application cases and effects of the cloud editing digital museum system, such as the Zhejiang University History Museum and the China National Silk Museum, and analyzes them with the SWOT method. The SWOT analysis shows that the cloud editing digital museum has advantages in the virtual tour, such as the rapid construction of virtual museums, cost savings, update and maintenance, gamification experience, multiterminal support, immersion and fun, and maintaining visitors’ loyalty. It can provide a reference for museums’ digital transformation research and cultural inheritance applications.
Adherence to 2018 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations and Risk of Cancer: The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study
Authors: Peng Yang , Bassett Julie K. , Hodge Allison M. , Melaku Yohannes Adama , Afshar Nina , Hopper John L. , MacInnis Robert J. , Lynch Brigid M. , Smith-Warner Stephanie A. , Giles Graham G. , Milne Roger L. , Jayasekara Harindra
Published: November 2023

Background:

We examined associations between adherence to adaptations of the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations and total, exposure-related and site-specific cancer risk.

Methods:

A total of 20,001 participants ages 40 to 69 years at enrollment into the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study in 1990 to 1994, who had diet, body size, and lifestyle reassessed in 2003 to 2007 (“baseline”), were followed-up through June 2021. We constructed diet and standardized lifestyle scores based on core WCRF/AICR recommendations on diet, alcohol intake, body size and physical activity, and additional scores incorporating weight change, sedentary behavior, and smoking. Associations with cancer risk were estimated using Cox regression, adjusting for confounders.

Results:

During follow-up (mean = 16 years), 4,710 incident cancers were diagnosed. For highest quintile (“most adherent”) of the standardized lifestyle score, compared with lowest (“least adherent”), a HR of 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74–0.92] was observed for total cancer. This association was stronger with smoking included in the score (HR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.67–0.81). A higher score was associated with lower breast and prostate cancer risk for the standardized score, and with lung, stomach, rectal, and pancreatic cancer risk when the score included smoking. Our analyses identified alcohol use, waist circumference and smoking as key drivers of associations with total cancer risk.

Conclusions:

Adherence to WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations is associated with lower cancer risk.

Impact:

With <0.2% of our sample fully adherent to the recommendations, the study emphasizes the vast potential for preventing cancer through modulation of lifestyle habits.
Take-Home Messages from 20 Years of Progress in Dietary Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Gkikas Konstantinos , Svolos Vaios , Hansen Richard , Russell Richard K. , Gerasimidis Konstantinos
Published: November 2023

Background: A significant body of literature has interrogated the critical role of diet in the development and management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Summary: This review provides a summary and critical appraisal of the literature in this area, focussing on four distinct themes: nutritional epidemiology, animal and in vitro experiments, enteral nutrition, and food-based dietary therapies. Key Messages: Nutritional epidemiology and data from experiments in animals indicate that a western-type diet pattern is associated with increased risk of IBD onset. However, these findings have not been consistently replicated in the dietary management of IBD. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the only dietary therapy with reproducible evidence of efficacy in the management of active Crohn’s disease (CD). Use of EEN may also be useful for improving perioperative outcomes in CD, and as an adjuvant therapy to biologic therapy. Several dietary therapies for CD and ulcerative colitis have been proposed in the literature, but replication in well-controlled studies is needed before their routine use enters the clinical setting. Precision nutritional therapy might be an attractive therapeutic paradigm in a heterogenous disease like IBD. However, no recommendations for personalised dietary therapy can currently be made, and it is imperative we unravel the complex interplay between diet and gut inflammation before we are able to do so. Undoubtedly, diet is of critical importance in the development and management of IBD. However, the exact mechanism by which diet causes gut inflammation is still elusive, and dietary guidance is difficult to formulate.
Tool or Actor? Expert Improvisers' Evaluation of a Musical AI “Toddler”
Authors: Erdem Çağrı , Wallace Benedikte , Glette Kyrre , Jensenius Alexander Refsum
Published: November 2023

In this article, we introduce the coadaptive audiovisual instrument, CAVI. This instrument uses deep learning to generate control signals based on muscle and motion data of a performer's actions. The generated signals control time-based live sound-processing modules. How does a performer perceive such an instrument? Does it feel like a machine learning–based musical tool? Or is it an actor with the potential to become a musical partner? We report on an evaluation of CAVI after it had been used in two public performances. The evaluation is based on interviews with the performers, audience questionnaires, and the creator's self-analysis. Our findings suggest that the perception of CAVI as a tool or actor correlates with the performer's sense of agency. The perceived agency changes throughout a performance based on several factors, including perceived musical coordination, the balance between surprise and familiarity, a “common sense,” and the physical characteristics of the performance setting.
Composing the Assemblage: Probing Aesthetic and Technical Dimensions
of Artistic Creation with Machine Learning
Authors: Gioti Artemi-Maria , Einbond Aaron , Born Georgina
Published: November 2023

In this article, we address the role of machine learning (ML) in the composition of two new musical works for acoustic instruments and electronics through autoethnographic reflection on the experience. Our study poses the key question of how ML shapes, and is in turn shaped by, the aesthetic commitments characterizing distinctive compositional practices. Further, we ask how artistic research in these practices can be informed by critical themes from humanities scholarship on material engagement and critical data studies. Through these frameworks, we consider in what ways the interaction with ML algorithms as part of the compositional process differs from that with other music technology tools. Rather than focus on narrowly conceived ML algorithms, we take into account the heterogeneous assemblage brought into play: from composers, performers, and listeners to loudspeakers, microphones, and audio descriptors. Our analysis focuses on a deconstructive critique of data as being contingent on the decisions and material conditions involved in the data-creation process. It also explores how interaction among the human and nonhuman collaborators in the ML assemblage has significant similarities to—as well as differences from—existing models of material engagement. Tracking the creative process of composing these works, we uncover the aesthetic implications of the many nonlinear collaborative decisions involved in composing the assemblage.
Motivation as a Lens for Understanding Information-seeking Behaviors
Authors: Shen Xinxu , Helion Chelsea , Smith David V. , Murty Vishnu P.
Published: November 2023

Most prior research characterizes information-seeking behaviors as serving utilitarian purposes, such as whether the obtained information can help solve practical problems. However, information-seeking behaviors are sensitive to different contexts (i.e., threat vs. curiosity), despite having equivalent utility. Furthermore, these search behaviors can be modulated by individuals' life history and personality traits. Yet the emphasis on utilitarian utility has precluded the development of a unified model, which explains when and how individuals actively seek information. To account for this variability and flexibility, we propose a unified information-seeking framework that examines information-seeking through the lens of motivation. This unified model accounts for integration across individuals' internal goal states and the salient features of the environment to influence information-seeking behavior. We propose that information-seeking is determined by motivation for information, invigorated either by instrumental utility or hedonic utility, wherein one's personal or environmental context moderates this relationship. Furthermore, we speculate that the final common denominator in guiding information-seeking is the engagement of different neuromodulatory circuits centered on dopaminergic and noradrenergic tone. Our framework provides a unified framework for information-seeking behaviors and generates several testable predictions for future studies.
The Cerebellum Is Sensitive to the Lexical Properties of Words During Spoken Language Comprehension
Authors: Mechtenberg Hannah , Heffner Christopher C. , Myers Emily B. , Guediche Sara
Published: November 2023

Over the past few decades, research into the function of the cerebellum has expanded far beyond the motor domain. A growing number of studies are probing the role of specific cerebellar subregions, such as Crus I and Crus II, in higher-order cognitive functions including receptive language processing. In the current fMRI study, we show evidence for the cerebellum’s sensitivity to variation in two well-studied psycholinguistic properties of words—lexical frequency and phonological neighborhood density—during passive, continuous listening of a podcast. To determine whether, and how, activity in the cerebellum correlates with these lexical properties, we modeled each word separately using an amplitude-modulated regressor, time-locked to the onset of each word. At the group level, significant effects of both lexical properties landed in expected cerebellar subregions: Crus I and Crus II. The BOLD signal correlated with variation in each lexical property, consistent with both language-specific and domain-general mechanisms. Activation patterns at the individual level also showed that effects of phonological neighborhood and lexical frequency landed in Crus I and Crus II as the most probable sites, though there was activation seen in other lobules (especially for frequency). Although the exact cerebellar mechanisms used during speech and language processing are not yet evident, these findings highlight the cerebellum’s role in word-level processing during continuous listening.
Shoot Growth and Virus Elimination by Antiviral Agents in Node Cultures of Three Rose Cultivars
Authors: Yoo Yong Kweon , Roh Yong Seung
Published: November 2023

Background and objective: This study was carried out to examine the effects of antiviral agents on shoot growth and virus elimination during node culture in rose 'Deep Purple', 'Natal Briar' and 'Pink Beauty' infected with TRSV and ArMV.Methods: Three varieties of roses confirmed to be infected with TRSV and ArMV through ImmunoStrip® Tests were node-cultured, and the medium was treated with antiviral agents ribavirin and vidarabine at 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg⋅L-1 . After 60 days of culture, shoot growth and virus infection rates were evaluated.Results: In 'Deep Purple', vidarabine treatment inhibited shoot growth and survival rate more than ribavirin, and had no effect on virus elimination. Treatment of 20 mg⋅L-1 ribavirin was no significant difference in shoot growth and survival rate compared to control, and TRSV and ArMV infection rates were lowered to 25% and 0%, respectively. In 'Natal Briar', treatment of 10-20 mg⋅L-1 ribavirin showed no statistical difference in shoot growth compared to the control, but the infection rates of TRSV and ArMV were 100%. The shoot growth and survival rate were greatly suppressed in treatment of 10 mg⋅L-1 vidarabine, but both TRSV and ArMV infection rates were 50%. In 'Pink Beauty', the higher the treatment concentration of ribavirin and vidarabine, the more the shoot growth was suppressed. Ribavirin had no effect on TRSV elimination, and 20 mg⋅L-1 vidarabine treatment showed that both TRSV and ArMV infection rates were 50%.Conclusion: Depending on the type and concentration of the antiviral agent, the elimination effects of viruses were different for each variety of rose. It was most effective to treat 20 mg⋅L-1 ribavirin in 'Deep Purple', 10 mg⋅L-1 vidarabine in 'Natal Briar', and 20 mg⋅L-1 vidarabine in 'Pink Beauty' in media for TRSV and ArMV elimination.
Development and Application of Agro-Healing Program to Promote Cognitive Health of the Elderly
Authors: Lee Eun-Seong , Moon Ji-Won , Jeong Sun-Jin , Yoo Eun-Ha , Lee Sang-Mi , Hong In-Kyoung
Published: November 2023

Background and objective: This study aimed to develop agro-healing program to enable the elderly to improve cognitive health, and to determine impacts on cognitive, emotional, and physical function through applying the program to seniors at welfare facilities.Methods: The agro-healing program was developed in consultation with experts on material selection, activity types, physical exercises, and evaluation methods. The program was conducted for seniors who used Jeonju Y Senior Welfare Center from May to August 2022. The total of 19 participants in the program were divided into 9 in the control group and 10 in the experimental group.A agro-healing program with 12 activities was given to the experimental group. As a pre- and post-test, the results of a cognitive screening test, short form of geriatric depression scale, and physical fitness test for the elderly were compared. For the experimental group, their activity preference was surveyed. The results were analyzed using SAS 9.4.Results: The agro-healing program to promote cognitive health did not show significant results in terms of differences in mean scores for cognitive, emotional, and physical area between the control and experimental groups in the pre- and post-test. However, through this study, it was found that the subjects preferred interesting activities with work stages using plants.Conclusion: A cognitive health promotion program for the elderly was developed and applied. Although the effectiveness of program was not proven, it is expected that activities preferred by the elderly can be used as basic data in agro-healing programs for the cognitive health of the elderly.
Safeguarding Freedom of Religion or Belief to Prevent Conflicts and Mass Atrocities in Southeast Asia: the Role of Parliamentarians
Authors: Hanara Desi
Published: November 2023

Southeast Asia is vulnerable to conflicts and has a long history and present dealings with various forms of human rights violations and atrocities. At the same time, the region lacks a strong human rights mechanism to ensure protection, redress, and accountability. This paper thus argues that parliamentarians should vitalise their roles and enhance synergies with existing asean mechanisms and entities to strengthen the protection of freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) and the prevention of conflicts and mass atrocities in the region. This paper proposes the establishment of a network of parliamentarians to support atrocity prevention and promote the responsibility to protect (R2P) in Southeast Asia. The network will amplify various parliamentary roles to support atrocity prevention, including legislative action on atrocity prevention, sharing of best practices on the establishment of national mechanisms for atrocity prevention, and capacity building for parliamentarians in preventing mass atrocities from occurring in the future.
Resolving the Conflict in Thailand’s Southern Border Provinces: Contentions between Upholding State Authority and Human Rights within the asean Context
Authors: na Thalang Chanintira
Published: November 2023

Based on an examination of the peace process in Thailand’s southern border provinces, this article asks what are the important lessons learned for strengthening asean’s role in conflict resolution. The argument of this article is threefold. First, asean’s entrenched norms have prevented a regularised role for asean in the area of conflict resolution. Second, due to this arrangement, asean member states have applied a varied mix of approaches to resolving or managing ethnic conflicts. From a comparative perspective, the Thai approach to resolving the conflict falls in an in-between position along the spectrum of democratic and authoritarian means used by its fellow asean member states. Third, the lack of regularised procedures is not necessarily an obstacle to resolving conflict but it reduces opportunities to deepen regional cooperation. More pressing is asean’s inability to protect minority rights, which has negatively affected asean’s centrality, and its commitment to building a people-centred community.
Responding to Atrocities in Myanmar after the February 2021 Coup: Options for asean beyond Normative and Structural Constraints
Authors: Morada Noel M.
Published: November 2023

This article unpacks the normative and structural challenges facing the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (asean) in responding to and preventing atrocity crimes, focusing on Myanmar. It argues that asean has been ineffective in dealing with the atrocities occurring in Myanmar, particularly after the 2021 coup, due to its adherence to its traditional norms and the “asean Way”. However, faced with the defiance of the junta in Myanmar, asean leaders may be forced to move away from its non-interference principle, and should in fact consider difficult options such as suspension of Myanmar membership in the organisation. By adopting the principle of non-indifference and holding the Myanmar military accountable for its continuing atrocities against civilians, asean could strengthen its credibility not just before the international community but, more importantly, among the people of Myanmar who are no longer willing to tolerate a return to military rule and impunity by security forces.
The Development of an ‘Attitude to Science’ Scale for 12-14 Year Olds
Authors: Brown Sally A. , Davis Terence N.
Published: November 2023

An ‘Attitude to Science’ scale for use in a study of 3,000 pupils has been developed from a pilot study of 323 pupils aged 11-14 years. The scale consists of five subscales each relating to an attitude objective laid down for all pupils in the first two years of secondary education in Scotland. Satisfactory levels of test-retest reliability and internal homogeneity have been found. The boys scored significantly higher than the girls on ‘interest and enjoyment of science’ and ‘awareness of the social and economic implications of science.’ Pupils following an integrated science course had significantly higher scores than those following separate biology, chemistry and physics courses on ‘awareness of the relationship of science to other aspects of the curriculum’ and ‘objectivity in observation and in assessing observations.’ There was a significant correlation between all the subscale scores except the ‘objectivity’ and ‘interest’ scores. Correlations between scores on the attitude scales and scores on the A.H.4 test were, in general, low, the positive significant relationships being associated with subscales of high cognitive content.
Educational Decision-Making–a Case Study
Authors: Smith Iain
Published: November 2023

The study of educational administration is approached through a sociological action frame of reference. An educational decision-maker is viewed as being exposed to a variety of expectations, which he evaluates from his own perspective. The varied expectations are based on the perspectives of those holding them, which can be related to their position in the social structure, as variously categorised, and the knowledge and power available in these positions.

This framework is applied to one particular case, where an education committee introduced a policy of comprehensive education, having previously resisted it. The views of parents, teachers and other bodies are investigated, and the crucial role of the director of education is explored. The conclusion arrived at is that the director of education's views in this particular case were crucial because of the education committee’s views of what knowledge was relevant to the issues. The parents played little part in the decision-making process, and accepted that this should be so.
Merit, Equality, and Educational Opportunity
Authors: Darling John
Published: November 2023

There are two different interpretations of equality of opportunity - meritocratic and egalitarian.

The meritocrat often has a confused idea of merit. He sees the school as a sorting house, and demands that it distribute life-chances with fairness. This demand cannot be met, partly because of the relationship between equality of opportunity and equality of income. The egalitarian interpretation of equality of opportunity is derived from the doctrine that all men are equal. The egalitarian is committed to the development of talent in every child, and is opposed to a purely academic conception of education.
One Centre: Two Sub-Cultures
Authors: Hendry L. B. , Simpson D. O.
Published: November 2023

By means of a questionnaire administered to 130 teenagers (98 per cent), who were regular users (i.e. more than two nights a week) of a Community Centre; by informal interview; and by twice weekly nonparticipant observation, over a period of three months comparisons were made between 41 young people attending the sports area and 72 attending the community area of one Community Centre. (A brief examination of a group of 17 with dual membership was also undertaken). "Sports" members were found to differ from "community" members in terms of higher academic attainment, greater job aspirations, and more favourable acceptance of school values. Further they expressed more favourable attitudes towards the centre, youth leaders and other centre users, and attended for specific activities. “Community” members were more likely than “sports” members to attend the centre for social reasons or because they “had nothing better to do”, and tended to live locally. Additionally, results suggested that those with dual membership – the youngest group – were more likely to become “community” members in the future rather than “sports” members.
Two new species of Lepidocyrtus (Fractocyrtus) Cipola & Bellini (Collembola, Entomobryidae, Lepidocyrtinae), with new records and a new name for Lepidocyrtus (F.) americanus Cipola & Bellini, 2018
Authors: CIPOLA NIKOLAS GIOIA , VIANA STÉPHANIE DOS SANTOS
Published: November 2023

Herein we propose a new name, Lepidocyrtus (Fractocyrtus) amazonaensis nom. nov. Cipola, to replace L. americanus Cipola & Bellini 2018, a combination preoccupied by Marlatt (1896). In addition to new geographic records for the species, two new species of Fractocyrtus are described: L. (Fractocyrtus) andensis sp. nov. from the Colombian Andes and L. (Fractocyrtus) chicomendesi sp. nov. from the Occidental Brazilian Amazon. The new species differs from other members of the subgenus in body color, dorsal chaetotaxy of the head, chaetotaxy of the third and fourth abdominal segment, postlabial chaetotaxy, trochanteral organ, collophore and furcula, beyond morphology on the lateral process of the labial papilla E. New patterns of body pseudopores are described and added to the new diagnosis for the subgenus. Fractocyrtus now has four species, with distribution from the Andes to the Oriental Brazilian Amazon.
A Machine Learning Explainability Tutorial for Atmospheric Sciences
Authors: Flora Montgomery L. , Potvin Corey K. , McGovern Amy , Handler Shawn
Published: November 2023

With increasing interest in explaining machine learning (ML) models, this paper synthesizes many topics related to ML explainability. We distinguish explainability from interpretability, local from global explainability, and feature importance versus feature relevance. We demonstrate and visualize different explanation methods, how to interpret them, and provide a complete Python package (scikit-explain) to allow future researchers and model developers to explore these explainability methods. The explainability methods include Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), Shapley additive global explanation (SAGE), and accumulated local effects (ALE). Our focus is primarily on Shapley-based techniques, which serve as a unifying framework for various existing methods to enhance model explainability. For example, SHAP unifies methods like local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) and tree interpreter for local explainability, while SAGE unifies the different variations of permutation importance for global explainability. We provide a short tutorial for explaining ML models using three disparate datasets: a convection-allowing model dataset for severe weather prediction, a nowcasting dataset for subfreezing road surface prediction, and satellite-based data for lightning prediction. In addition, we showcase the adverse effects that correlated features can have on the explainability of a model. Finally, we demonstrate the notion of evaluating model impacts of feature groups instead of individual features. Evaluating the feature groups mitigates the impacts of feature correlations and can provide a more holistic understanding of the model. All code, models, and data used in this study are freely available to accelerate the adoption of machine learning explainability in the atmospheric and other environmental sciences.
Mechanisms of Low-Level Jet Formation in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Offshore
Authors: de Jong Emily , Quon Eliot , Yellapantula Shashank
Published: November 2023

Low-level jets (LLJs), in which the wind speed attains a local maximum at low altitudes, have been found to occur in the U.S. mid-Atlantic offshore, a region of active wind energy deployment as of 2023. In contrast to widely studied regions such as the U.S. southern Great Plains and the California coastline, the mechanisms that underlie LLJs in the U.S. mid-Atlantic are poorly understood. This work analyzes floating lidar data from buoys deployed in the New York Bight to understand the characteristics and causes of coastal LLJs in the region. Application of the Hilbert–Huang transform, a frequency analysis technique, to LLJ case studies reveals that mid-Atlantic jets frequently occur during times of adjustment in synoptic-scale motions, such as large-scale temperature and pressure gradients or frontal passages, and that they do not coincide with motions at the native inertial oscillation frequency. Subsequent analysis with theoretical models of inertial oscillation and thermal winds further reveals that these jets can form in the stationary geostrophic wind profile from horizontal temperature gradients alone—in contrast to canonical LLJs, which arise from low-level inertial motions. Here, inertial oscillation can further modulate the intensity and altitude of the wind speed maximum. Statistical evidence indicates that these oscillations arise from stable stratification and the associated frictional decoupling due to warmer air flowing over a cold sea surface during the springtime land–sea breeze. These results improve our conceptual understanding of mid-Atlantic jets and may be used to better predict low-level wind speed maxima.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this work is to identify and characterize the atmospheric mechanisms that result in an occasional low-level maximum in the wind speed off the U.S. mid-Atlantic coastline. Our findings show that these low-level jets form due to horizontal temperature gradients arising from fronts and synoptic systems, as well as from the land–sea breeze that forces warmer air over the cold ocean surface. This work aids predictability of such jets, improves our understanding of this coastal environment, and has implications for future deployment of offshore wind energy in this region.
Single-Bubble Sonoluminescence of Colloidal Suspensions of Europium(II) Salt Nanoparticles
Authors: Gareev Bulat M. , Abdrakhmanov Airat M. , Vasilyuk Kristina S. , Galimov Dim I. , Sharipov Glyus L.
Published: November 2023

Colloidal suspensions of EuCl2, EuBr2, and EuSO4 nanoparticles (<50 nm) in dodecane and EuSO4 in 70% H2SO4 were synthesized. Moving single-bubble sonoluminescence (m-SBSL) spectra were obtained for a bubble performing radial oscillations in these suspensions and translational motions at the antinode of a standing ultrasonic wave with a frequency of about 27 kHz. In these spectra (at a spectral resolution of 10 nm), the sono-excited luminescence bands of the Eu2+ ion were detected for the first time, coinciding in the shape and position of the maxima (404, 413, and 377 nm for EuCl2, EuBr2, and EuSO4, respectively) with the bands of Eu2+ located in a crystalline environment in the photoluminescence spectra of nanoparticles of europium salts in suspensions. The detected sonoluminescence of Eu2+ arises due to the injection of nanoparticles into a bubble deformed during motion and excitation of a lanthanide ion at the periphery of the bubble volume during collisions of nanoparticles with charged particles, mainly electrons, coming from a hot nonequilibrium plasma, which periodically arises during bubble compression. Evidence for the excitation of the europium ion in the bubble is the absence of its luminescence bands in the SBSL spectra of the translationally immobile bubble, in which nanoparticles are unlikely to enter. The nanoparticles that enter the bubble also undergo decomposition in the plasma into fragments, in particular, with the formation of Eu, Eu+ in the excited state. The atomic lines of these fragments were recorded for the first time in the m-SBSL spectrum with a resolution of 1 nm for a suspension of EuSO4 nanoparticles in 70% H2SO4. The resulting m-SBSL spectra will add to the library of characteristic spectra of objects of sonoluminescent spectroscopic analysis and will make it possible to identify and determine the content of Eu or Eu2+ in these objects.