bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety Analysis of 250-kW Philippine Research Reactor-1 Thermal-hydraulics under Steady-state Operations Using MARS-KS Code
Authors: Jecong Julius Federico , Astronomo Alvie , Hila Frederick , Guillermo Neil Raymund , Woo Sweng Woong
Published: November 2022

Julius Federico M. Jecong1,3,4*, Alvie A. Astronomo2, Frederick C. Hila1, Neil Raymund D. Guillermo1, and Sweng Woong Woo4 1Applied Physics Research Section; 2Nuclear Reactor Operations Section Department of Science and Technology–Philippine Nuclear Research Institute Quezon City, Metro Manila 1101 Philippines 3Nuclear and Quantum Engineering Department Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea 4Reactor and Safety Evaluation Department Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety 62 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34142, Republic of Korea Safety Analysis of 250-kW Philippine Research Reactor-1 Thermal-hydraulics under Steady-state Operations Using MARS-KS Code Keywords: 250-kW TRIGA reactor, MARS-KS, safety analysis, steady-state, thermal-hydraulics The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) is implementing a project to use the Philippine Research Reactor-1 (PRR-1) TRIGA nuclear fuel in a subcritical reactor (SCR) for training, education, and research in nuclear science and technology. However, although an SCR is a valuable training and research facility, it offers limited industrial applications. To potentially reap more benefits, DOST-PNRI is also investigating the feasibility of converting the zero-power SCR to a low power critical reactor in the future. In this work, the thermal-hydraulic behavior of a hypothetical 250-kW low power configuration of the PRR-1 TRIGA reactor is investigated using the MARS-KS code. At this power level, the fuel centerline or the hottest region of the fuel was determined to have 236.85- °C temperature during steady-state conditions. This temperature is well below the 749.85-°C temperature limit of TRIGA fuel that will result in excessive swelling. The peak heat flux occurs at the axial center of the fuel rod while the calculated departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR) of 6.18 is minimum at this location. Moreover, the maximum fuel temperature is found to be insensitive to variations in coolant velocity, which ranges from 0.20–0.26 m/s within the natural circulation conditions of this facility. Based on the Bernath critical heat flux (CHF) correlation, coolant velocities below 0.2 m/s will still yield a DNBR above 5.0. These results demonstrate that a 250-kW PRR-1 TRIGA reactor operating under steady-state conditions is capable of safely removing the heat generated in the fuel
Effects of Binúñga [Macaranga tanarius (L.) Müll.Arg.] Crude Leaf Extract on Cancer Cells, Angiogenesis, Early Implantation, and Embryogenesis
Authors: Rodriguez Anna Melissa , Reyes Mikojie , Lim Nielsen Nicholas , Tolentino Jarel Elgin , Ipulan-Colet Lerrie Ann
Published: November 2022

Medicinal plants have long been known to contain an abundance of natural bioactive compounds, some of which have been studied for their anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic properties. However, testing the possible side effects of a “drug” candidate is not congruently done in vivo. Hence, the effects of these plant extracts on different biological processes are unknown. This study aims to evaluate the anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activity of the crude leaf extract of the plant Macaranga tanarius (L.) Müll.Arg. while simultaneously assessing its safety. For anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic evaluation of the extract, MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazoliumbromide] and duck chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays were utilized, respectively. Alongside this, the detrimental effect of the leaf extract on normal biological processes was conducted by examining its effect on mice implantation and embryogenesis through morphological and histological analyses. For anti-cancer potential, crude methanolic extract of the leaves from M. tanarius was found to be cytotoxic against HCT116 at a concentration of 18.93 ug/mL. The extract also showed anti-angiogenic potential as CAM assay revealed that the extract reduced the percent area of blood vessels. In the mice implantation assay, the methanolic extracts were not able to significantly decrease the number of embryo implantations in the uterus. Furthermore, CD31 staining showed that the uterus treated with M. tanarius exhibited a significant reduction in blood vessels. Reduction of blood vessels did not affect late organogenesis since the gestation index of dams and fetal malformation index showed no significant difference between PBS- (phosphate-buffered saline solution) and extract-treated groups after additional treatment at (embryonic day) E8.5 and E9.5. This suggests that M. tanarius leaves possess bioactive compounds for anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic therapy that may not interfere with normal biological processes such as pregnancy
Egyedül idegenben : Az 1956-os forradalmat követően szülő nélkül menekülő kiskorúak története Ausztriában és Jugoszláviában
Authors: Murber Ibolya
Published: November 2022

Ez a tanulmány a nemzetközi migráció egy mind a mai napig kevés figyelmet kapó aspektusával, a 18 évesnél fiatalabb, kiskorú menekültek kérdésével foglalkozik az 1956-os magyar forradalmat követő menekülthullám kapcsán. 1956–1957 fordulóján közel 200 ezer ember hagyta el Magyarországot Ausztria és Jugoszlávia irányába. Közülük megközelítőleg minden huszadik személy 15 évnél fiatalabb volt, és szülői felügyelet nélkül lépte át a magyar államhatárt, többnyire örökre. Már önmagában az a tény, hogy ilyen sok kiskorú egyedül, a szülők biztonságot adó támogatása nélkül kelt útra – feltehetően egy jobb élet reményében –, sokat elárul az 1956-os magyar menekülthullám természetéről. Ez a tanulmány azt vizsgálja, hogy miként alakította az egyedülálló kiskorúak kérdése Ausztria és Jugoszlávia Magyarországgal ápolt kapcsolatait. A számos hasonlóság ellenére több területen is jelentős eltérések figyelhetők meg. Ennek okát többek között az 1956 előtti államközi kapcsolatokban és az illegális határátlépőkkel szemben alkalmazott korábbi eljárásrendben kell keresni. A Genfi Menekültügyi Egyezmény ratifikálása vagy annak hiánya is befolyásolta a helyzet kezelését. A tanulmány továbbá azt is felvázolja, hogy milyen szerepet kaptak az egyedülálló kiskorúak körül kialakult bilaterális és nemzetközi szintű problémakörben a transznacionális szereplők, úgymint a Nemzetközi Vöröskereszt és az Egyesült Nemzetek Szervezete. Végül arról is szó esik, hogy az egyedülálló, kiskorú menekültek milyen narratívában jelentek meg a kádári ellenforradalmi diskurzusban, és milyen külpolitikai és propagandacélokat szolgált ügyük napirenden tartása.
Eficacia y seguridad de FOLFIRINOX vs. Gemcitabina + Nab-Paclitaxel (GemNab) en primera línea de tratamiento de cáncer de páncreas metastásico
Authors: Rodríguez Julieta E. , Rizzi M. Florencia , Giner D. Belén García , Cordi M. Victoria , Tamburelli Mercedes , Bas Carlos , Castillo Javier
Published: November 2022

El cáncer de páncreas es la séptima causa de muerte por cáncer en el mundo. FOLFIRINOX o gemcitabina + Nab-paclitaxel (GemNab) son opciones de tratamiento en primera línea. La elección del régimen es empírica, ya que no contamos con estudios que comparen directamente ambos esquemas.

El objetivo fue comparar eficacia (tasas de respuesta (TR), supervivencia global (SG), supervivencia libre de progresión (SLP)) y seguridad de FOLFIRINOX vs. GemNab.

Este es un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, en pacientes con cáncer de páncreas metastásico tratados con quimioterapia de 1ra línea con FOLFIRINOX vs. GemNab, entre septiembre 2015 y septiembre 2020 en el Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires.

Incluimos 89 pacientes, 64 tratados con FOLFIRINOX y 23 con GemNab. En toda la población, la mediana de edad fue 61 años, 56% mujeres, PS0-1 88%. Mayor edad media, más tumores cefálicos, CA19-9 elevado y menos terapias subsiguientes con GemNab. La TR fue 23.5% para FOLFIRINOX y 17.5% para GemNab. La SLP a 6 y 12 meses fue 43.6% y 14% para FOLFIRINOX y 47.3% y 23% para GemNab, la SG a 6 y 12 meses fue 63.6% y 38% y 73.6% y 26% respectivamente. Las toxicidades más frecuentes fueron anemia, neutropenia, neurotoxicidad y transaminitis.

Basado en nuestros datos, la 1ra línea de tratamiento con FOLFIRINOX y GemNab presentan resultados similares, a pesar de una población más joven y mejor seleccionada con FOLFIRINOX.
Inmunoterapia en pacientes con cáncer de pulmón y metástasis cerebrales de inicio
Authors: Mena Araujo Juan Pablo , Basbus Luis , Storino Jésica , Cayol Federico
Published: November 2022

Resumen

La inmunoterapia revolucionó el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón avanzado, pero los ensayos clínicos fundamentales excluyeron a pacientes con metástasis cerebrales, por lo que los datos son limitados.

Se analizó retrospectivamente pacientes con cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas, con afectación cerebral de inicio que realizaron inmunoterapia, con el fin de describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y los tratamientos realizados.

Se evaluaron 25 pacientes, 24 con histología de adenocarcinoma, con una expresión de PD-L1 ≥ 1% en 16 de ellos.

Al diagnóstico, todos presentaron metástasis cerebrales, en un 60% de los casos la lesión cerebral era única y en un 48% se evidenció metástasis viscerales acompañantes.

En cuanto al tratamiento, el 48% (12) recibió corticoides, 52% (13) de los casos fueron operados del sistema nervioso central, con cirugía R0 en 7 de estos. El 68% (17) hizo radioterapia.

El 52% (13) realizó quimioterapia en primera línea, indicándose inmunoterapia a la progresión, mientras que el 48% (12) restante realizó inmunoterapia en primera línea.

Respecto a la respuesta en SNC, 17 presentaban enfermedad evaluable. La mejor respuesta alcanzada fue parcial en 5 pacientes (30%), 5 presentaron estabilidad (30%) y 7 progresión (40%). Durante el seguimiento 15 progresaron, 7 de éstos en SNC. Fallecieron 13, la mayoría presentaba PDL negativo o bajo (p=0.02).

La mediana de supervivencia global fue 11.86 meses, observamos que a mayor PDL mayor supervivencia (p=0.04).

En este trabajo de la vida real podemos advertir el impacto de la inmunoterapia en el cáncer de pulmón, observando un beneficio, con altas tasas de respuesta.
La constelación Rilke-Heidegger y la pregunta por el origen de la poesía
Authors: González Fernández Cristina
Published: November 2022

A través de los escritos de Rilke que describen la misión del poeta y de la filosofía de Heidegger que trata de descifrar el sentido del Ser a través del lenguaje, este escrito intenta aproximarse al acontecimiento que tiene lugar en la creación poética. Partiendo de su labor transicional entre el territorio de lo inhóspito y el de lo familiar, se expondrá el modo en que la poesía apela a los orígenes subterráneos, así como la conexión que establece entre el individuo y el mundo a través del amor intransitivo. A continuación, se pasará a analizar el proceso de creación en tanto salto que tiene lugar en un estado de apertura, consumado en la transformación de lo visible en invisible que el poeta lleva a cabo incorporando la realidad y en la figura del ángel de Rilke. Finalmente, se tratará de dar cuenta de la crisis provocada por el imperio de la técnica surgido a partir de la Modernidad, que amenaza con suprimir toda posibilidad de creación artística a través de dominio, fabricación y transparencia.
Synthesis Study of Best Practices for Cleaning Tools and Paving Equipment: Asphalt Release Agents (ARAs) and Asphalt Cleaners (ACs)
Authors: Hasanzadeh Sogand , Velay-Lizancos Mirian , Chang Woei-Chyi , Lopez-Arias Marina , Francioso Vito
Published: November 2022

Diesel has been used widely as an asphalt cleaning agent due to its effectiveness for many years. However, its negative impact on health and the environment calls for more sustainable and safe alternatives. Asphalt Release Agents (ARAs) are products for preventing or mitigating undesirable adhesion of HMA to the asphalt equipment, and Asphalt Cleaners (ACs) are products for remediation when the adhesion has already happened. In this study, commercially ARAs and ACs reported by NTPEP and U.S. DOTs are quantitatively and qualitatively examined based on the following criteria: (1) cost-effectiveness, (2) functionality, (3) environmental, and (4) safety considerations. The results provided valuable insights into cost-effective products; and ultimately led to developing an interactive decision-making dashboard to help INDOT make more informed decisions regarding testing and investing in these alternatives.
A Study of Employee Job Satisfaction in the section (OFS Company)
Authors: L Anitha
Published: November 2022

This exploration intends to explain about “A Study On Employee Job Satisfaction In IT Sector. Job is the larger part of every human being so job satisfaction has some effect on the life of humans. Employment satisfaction refers to how content a person or employee is with their job. Three different paths explain job satisfaction of the employee: they are team work and its recognition, team lead support and employee work life balance. If the employee is satisﬁed with their job it leads to minimal error of their work and also it will in turn increase the quality of the product output thereby loyalty of the customers increases. Job satisfaction is not only based on the perks and beneﬁts of the company, it is also about the appreciation for the work done by the employee. The study’s goal is to determine whether the workers are content with their jobs. Data was collected from a sample of 60 workers from an assiduity and the result is presented in the paper. In this article descriptive methodology has been used.
Impact of Metaverse on Pedagogy & Educational Regimes
Authors: Mishra Pratibha
Published: November 2022

The rise of the new technological frontier, the Metaverse, has raised questions about how digital interactions will change. Especially, in the ﬁeld of education. This research explores the impact that Metaverse can have on educational systems and pedagogy. Its goal is to investigate and understand the makeup of the Metaverse in addition to its implications and future. In that context, the study follows the key concepts and features of the Metaverse and ﬁnds signiﬁcant beneﬁts for the educational sector. Furthermore, it also notes the risks and impacts the technology can have on the users and the institutions. The research further looks into educational levels and ﬁelds of study that are currently inclined toward the Metaverse. Unsurprisingly, the STEM ﬁelds and Higher Education sector currently lead the research and development of the metaverse for education in tandem with corporations alike. Ultimately, the paper evaluates the impact of the metaverse and advocates for a safe, secure, and sustainable digital infrastructure for education.
Towards Transnational Corporate Accountability for Human Rights Abuses in Africa: Analysis of Conceptual and Institutional Hurdles
Authors: Adom Nana
Published: November 2022

Corporate conduct is diverse; its character is often dependent on the sector in which any given investment can be placed. The effects of corporate conduct on human rights could be positive or negative if assessed from the standpoint of the responsibility arising from international law for ‘all organs of society’ to protect, respect and fulﬁll the human rights of individuals and communities. The paper analyses the impact of foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) on human rights in developing countries and assesses the capacity of international law to regulate MNCs. The paper focuses on relations between MNCs and public institutions exercising regulatory functions over the MNCs. The empirical point of departure for the paper is whether history records MNCs and developing countries have been partners in mutually beneﬁcial relationships. It investigates the causes of developing countries’ long-established unenviable position in the international economy by examining critically the role of foreign MNCs.
The Secrets of Barred Spiral Galaxies
Authors: Pandey Abhishek
Published: November 2022

Black holes start their lives as big dead stars in the depth of the universe. As they move towards the outer universe they gather cosmic dust, asteroids, planets, eventually they get bigger. The gravitational force increases and continues this process for billions of years. When an asteroid enters the gravitational ﬁeld of an ever-growing dead star, it is pulled in and gets smashed against the core’s surface, into fundamental particles. The gravitational pull has grown to such an extent, the protons and neutrons get packed into the core so tightly that electrons cannot penetrate the core’s surface to form atoms with the ﬁrmly embedded protons and neutrons of the core. All the stars in a galaxy have rotation and revolution. How do they get it? Galaxies are rather ﬂat. Why? This research aims to understand facts of this theory on the evolution of the barred spiral galaxies. As the cores of the black sphere blast out the stars, huge quantity of atomic dust and gas are also released. These dust and gas clouds speed along with the stars, enter, and illuminate the Arms. The open end of the Arm presents its open end and gives these orbiting dust clouds and the stars a passageway into the space. The dust clouds and the stars enter the space and create the Spiral Arms. These atomic dust and gas particles reﬂect and scatter the light rays from the nearby stars.
Analisis Dampak Korupsi Pada Masyarakat (Studi Kasus Korupsi Pembangunan Shelter Tsunami di Kecamatan Labuan Kabupaten Pandeglang)
Authors: Amalia Susi
Published: November 2022

This study describes impact analysis of corruption cases on society (case study of tsunami shelter development in Labuan District, Pandeglang Regency. The corruption case in the construction of this shelter was carried out by the Ministry of Public Works and Publik Housing (KemenPUPR) and PT. Tidar Sejahtera with a project value of 18 billion rupiahs sourced from the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN), and caused state losses of 16 Billion rupiahs. This Study discusses the analysis of the impact on society of corruption casws caused by corruption caseof tsunami shelter construcyion in Labuan District, Pandeglang Regency using the theory of the impact of economic corruption from Mauo (1998) and I Ketut (2018), as well as the impact of social corruption and enforcement sfrom Wilhelmus (2017). The research method use is descriptive qualitative research. The results of this study were corruption in the construction of tsunami shelters carried out by KemenPUPR and PT.Tidar Sejahtera which had several impacts on the economic, social and law enforcement sectors. Where because of the corruption case, the buildings that were built were of low quality, there was no treatment from the local government, and the sentence impose on the defendant was not in accordance with the lawbecause the defendant was cooperative at the time of trial and still had family dependents.
Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Rencana Induk Pembangunan Kepariwisataan Kabupaten Pandeglang Tahun 2015-2025 (Studi Kasus Pada Objek Wisata Air Panas Cisolong, Kecamatan Kaduhejo, Kabupaten Pandeglang)
Authors: Apriliani Lia , Rahmawati  , Agustino Leo
Published: November 2022

The focus of this study is the Evaluation of the Implementation of Regional Regulation Number 6 of 2014 concerning the Master Plan for Regional Tourism Development in 2015- 2025 (Case Study on Cisolong Hot Spring Tourism Object, Kaduhejo District, Pandeglang Regency). Identifying the problem is the lack of infrastructure for tourism public facilities, the weak empowerment of the tourism community in Cisolong tourist attractions as tourist actors and the lack of optimal tourism promotion carried out by the Pandeglang Regency Government. The formulation of the problem is how to evaluate the implementation of regional regulations. The theory used in this study uses the theory of policy evaluation criteria according to Leo Agustino (2020: 195). This research uses descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the Evaluation of the Implementation of Regional Regulation Number 6 of 2014 on the Cisolong hot spring tourist attraction has not been carried out optimally because in the implementation of regional regulations there are still shortcomings in governance in tourist destinations, then traction, accessibility to bags, amenity and promotion that have not been maximized and budget constraints, weak the role of tourism human resources in the tourism industry in Pandeglang Regency. Recommendations that can be given are to carry out more optimal destination management by cooperating with the community and the private sector, conducting continuous training and coaching, strengthening tourism promotion and improving tourism attractions, accessibility and amenity.
Sociopolitical Analysis of The Escalation of The Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) Movement During The Reign of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok) in DKI Jakarta 2014-2017
Authors: Maulana Fachriel Haykal , Nurohman Taufik , Noorikhsan Faisal Fadilla
Published: November 2022

This study analyze how social conditions during the reign of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok) affected the escalation of the Islamic community organization Front Pembela Islam (FPI) movement and built the reality of socio-political conflicts that occurred in DKI Jakarta from 2014 to 2017. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method using a case study approach. The case study approach was used to analyze how the process of forming the escalation of the Islamic community organization movement of Front Pembela Islam (FPI) against socio-political conditions during Ahok's reign in DKI Jakarta from 2014 to 2017. Using theories related to the concept of Political Opportunity, New Social Movements, and Identity Theory becomes an analytical knife to explain questions that have been formulated academically and, of course, produce an answer from the results of the analysis. From the results of the research, the Islamic Mass Organization of Front Pembela Islam (FPI) was one of the Organizations that experienced an escalation of the movement based on various conflicts that occurred both before, during his time in office, and also after Ahok served as governor of DKI Jakarta. FPI is present as a hard-pressure group for Ahok's refusal to become Governor. FPI became one of the organizations considered very active and aggressive in carrying out a series of protests against Ahok's rejection.
Hegemony of Saudi Arabia's Kafala System in The Relationship Between Employer and Indonesian Female Domestic Migrant Workers 2018-2020
Authors: Kelly Karin Caroline , Restu Uliviana , Indriyany Ika Arinia
Published: November 2022

This study describes the hegemony produced by the Saudi Arabian state through the kafala system in the relationship between employers and female migrant domestic workers from Indonesia. The kafala system creates many problems due to the structural dependence between domestic migrant workers and their employers, ranging from heavy workloads and irregular wages to restrictions on access to mobility. Employers as individual sponsors have a large dominance of power so that the working conditions for domestic migrant workers become unbalanced. This study is analyzed using Antonio Gramsci's hegemonic perspective with three indicators of understanding, namely the ruling class, defense of the domination of the ruling class, and the crisis of ruling class hegemony. This study was dissected using a qualitative critical approach. This study indicates that the hegemony in this research phenomenon belongs to a declining level of hegemony characterized by the potential for disintegration hidden beneath the surface. Various restrictive Saudi Arabian regulations hamper the awareness of civil society, which has been gradually awakened. The limitations of civil society on access to participatory democracy have resulted in mass resistance to the Kafala system not coming to the surface.
Evaluation Of Serang City Regional Regulation Number 17 Of 2010 Concerning Local Taxes in Serang City (Case Study of Hotel Tax on Boarding Houses)
Authors: Ishlahati  , Cadith Juliannes , Jumiati Ipah Ema
Published: November 2022

The focus of this research is the evaluation of Serang City Regional Regulation Number 17 of 2010 concerning Local Taxes, especially Hotel Taxes on Boarding Houses in Serang City. In this evaluation, there are several problems in the implementation of the policy, such as the number of boarding houses with more than ten rooms not recorded by the Regional Revenue Agency (Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda) Kota Serang, which makes boarding house owners with hotel tax categories not registered as taxpayers; Low level of awareness of hotel taxpayers on the boarding house of Serang City; The weak role of the government in approaching the taxpayer or going directly to the field; and the lack of socialization carried out by Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda) Serang City. The theory used is the evaluation theory developed by Daniel Stufflebeam consists of four stages of evaluation aspects, namely CIPP. The qualitative descriptive method provides an overview of data analysis techniques using the Irawan model. The result of this study is that the implementation of the hotel tax policy on boarding houses in Serang City has not been running optimally. The hotel tax rate onboarding houses at a rate of 10% is still felt objection by the hotel taxpayer on the boarding house to make the taxpayer in arrears to pay the local tax. The lack of human resources, which is an important element in the success of policies that have data collection, registration, reporting, and evaluation of hotel taxes on boarding houses, is still experiencing a shortage. The available facilities and infrastructure are still inadequate. Socialization is still not optimal and thorough, so information about hotel tax policies on boarding houses is not conveyed properly, and weak enforcement of sanctions. Not yet optimally the contribution of hotel taxes on boarding houses to the Local Own-Source Revenue of Serang City Area from the regional tax sector.
Implementation of Policy for Prevention and Eradication of Abuse and Illegal Circulation of Drugs and Precursors (P4GN) at The National Narcotics Agency of Tangerang City Rehabilitation Section
Authors: Nur Lestari Dina , Supriadi Oman , Waseh Hasuri
Published: November 2022

Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking in Drugs is one of the most pressing and complex problems, so it requires a comprehensive treatment. Many cases show how drugs have caused great losses, both in terms of material and non-material. The Prevention and Eradication of Illicit Narcotics Circulation and Abuse (P4GN) is a policy and strategy of the Indonesian government's to emphasize and protect the public from drug abuse and illicit trafficking. The National Narcotics Agency of Tangerang City is responsible for one of the tasks in the field of drug rehabilitation by increasing the capacity of medical and social rehabilitation institutions, both organized by the government and the community. Drug rehabilitation is the psychotherapeutic treatment given to drug addicts. It helps the patient to get rid of substance abuse as well as process abuse. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. To obtain data in accordance with the research focus, the research conducted interviews, observations and documentation. The results of this research showed the implementation has not been running optimally, there are several indicators that become obstacles in implementation, including limited resources, lack of communication between organizations that have not been intensely established, and have not fully matched the standards and objectives of the policy, and not fully involved formal or informal organizations. The supporting factors include the implementation of narcotics rehabilitation in accordance with the SOP, a positive response from the implementing agency, and the external environment (Economic, Social, Political) receiving a positive influence.
Universitäre Bildung in Deutschland
Authors: Becker Manuel
Published: November 2022

In this book, university education in Germany is subjected to a comprehensive examination and evaluation from an ideological, historical and contemporary perspective. This multi-perspectival approach addresses two research objectives: Methodologically, there are few political science studies that combine the classical history of ideas with concrete policy area research. Content-wise, this book furthermore represents the first complete report on higher education policy and amendments to higher education legislation in North Rhine-Westphalia under different state governments between 2005 and 2019.
The OECD GloBE proposal – a decisive step towards uniform global minimum taxation?
Authors: Schwarz Magdalena
Published: November 2022

Pillar Two of the OECD's two-pillar-approach to solve the tax challenges arising from digitalization provides for the introduction of global minimum taxation of large multinational entities. This is the largest project to date to reform and align international taxation. This thesis explains and analyzes the proposed rules (based on the Blueprint published in October 2020) aimed at achieving global minimum taxation. The aim of the work is also to evaluate the effectiveness of this so-called GloBE proposal and to identify possible weaknesses and potential for improvement of these rules.
Natural Does Not Mean Safe
Authors: Johnson Afonne Onyenmechi , Chinedu Ifediba Emeka
Published: November 2022

Medicinal plants are rich sources of natural products, the principal constituents in herbal medicines, utilized for the treatment and prevention of diseases. High consumer expectations for health care, in the face of soaring cost of conventional pharmaceuticals, have popularized herbal medicines in different regions of the world. The consumption of these botanicals and their products has recently gained much impetus with the assumption that since these active principles in them are natural, they are, therefore, safe. Assertive as this idea could be, scrutinizing the perspectives on which it is premised is critical in minimizing probable risk on human health. Most plant parts are repositories of natural toxins, phytosteroids, and bioaccumulated toxicants, all of which are driven by natural processes. Besides intrinsic toxicity possessed by phytotoxins, some innocuous chemicals in medicinal plants can be biotransformed to toxic components. Some chemicals in medicinal plants that are of safety concerns include the endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as phytoestrogens, bisphenol A, and phthalates, among others. The persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic metals have also been identified in medicinal plants. Some of these chemicals have been found to cause metabolic derangement and carcinogenicity. It is, therefore, imperative that linking natural products to safety should rather be empirical.
Exploring the Anti-cancer Potential of Microalgae
Authors: Saxena Abhishek , Raj Aditi , Tiwari Archana
Published: November 2022

Cancer, the deadliest disease in the world, is taking away the lives of millions of people. The disease and its property of metastasis are still understudied. Various therapies have been discovered to cure this malignancy, but nearly all of them introduce a lot of side effects. Therapies such as radiation, chemotherapy, surgery, etc., are in vogue but are not so economical and approachable for many needy people. Since the nature of cancerous cells is very complex among different individuals, it becomes even more complex to treat them. In modern times, biologically active compounds extracted from plants, weeds, and, most importantly, algae (marine drugs) found in the sea have proved to possess excellent anti-cancer potential. However, the major bottlenecks are the extraction of active substances in ample quantity with high quality. This chapter describes the role of microalgae as anticancer agents. Several aspects of bioactive compounds and challenges linked to microalgae will be discussed. A brief account of nanotechnology and its role in the treatment of cancer in the context of microalgae will be highlighted. The level of algal properties that affect cell proliferation, cell arrest, and apoptosis is elaborated. The current scenario of this investigation is extensively discussed in the study, along with the chemical structure, pros and cons.
Sodium and Potassium Nutritional Status Provides a New View on the Essential Hypertension
Authors: Momčilović Berislav
Published: November 2022

Short-term biological indicator of urinary Na and K excretion is generally used to assess Na and K dietary exposure. In this study, we used the long-term biological indicator of hair to assess Na and K nutritional status. Hair Na and K were analyzed in 1073 healthy adult white Caucasians [734 women (♀) and 339 men (♂)] with the ICP MS. The log-transformed data were analyzed with median derivatives bioassay. The median values (μg∙g−1) were ♀Na 254 and ♂Na 371, and ♀K 74.3 and ♂K 143, respectively. The linear (adequate) ranges of the sigmoid saturation curve ranges for sodium were ♀Na 55.6–1307 and ♂Na 84.0–1450, whereas these ranges for potassium were ♀K 18.9–467 and ♂K 25.8–1079. The strict homeostatic control of whole blood K and Na renders them unsuitable for assessing the nutritional status. The potassium to sodium ratio (K/Na) in women appears stable across the sigmoid linear segment range, contrary to the constantly increasing K/Na ratio in Men. The results suggest that hair Na concentration should not be below 55.6 and 84.0 or above 1307 and 1450 μg∙g-1 in women and men, respectively. Similarly, K hair concentrations should not be below 18.0 and 25.8 and higher than 46.7 and 107.9 in women and men, respectively. Hair K/Na ratio should stay about 0.600 in M and 0.400 in W. Current dietary salt exposure of the general US population does not require preventive across the board salt restriction.
The Surgical Approach in Adrenal Gland Pathology
Authors: Mirica Radu , Paun Sorin
Published: November 2022

The pathology of the adrenal gland and the clinical management of the adrenal clinical entities are particularly complex. The surgical approach to adrenal disorders, both in the classic way and especially in the minimally invasive way, is reserved for highly addressable centers and experienced surgeons. The surgical treatment is dedicated to both functional and nonfunctional adrenal tumors, closely following specific criteria. Regarding adrenal pathology, the surgical treatment is indicated for adrenal tumors that secret mineralocorticoid hormones (Conn syndrome), adrenal tumors secreting glucocorticoids (Cushing syndrome), pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, neuroblastomas, adrenal carcinomas, and metastases. At the same time, non-secreting tumors should be removed as soon as imaging details are recorded an increasing dimensions of these tumors during a short time interval (up to one year). Although laparoscopic adrenal removal became a gold standard procedure in the late 90s, the classic open surgical adrenalectomy is reserved for bulky adrenal tumors and adrenal cancers, but it is overshadowed by possible multiple complications such as lung damage, wound infections, thrombosis, bleeding, etc. The minimally invasive approach, either laparoscopically or robotically, is dedicated to small tumors, with the advantage of rapid patient recovery, rapid socio-professional reintegration, and reduction of complications. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is indicated in a wide range of pathologies, ranging from Conn adenoma, Cushing syndrome, and pheochromocytoma, to hormonal inactive tumors or other pathologies. The surgical sparing of the adrenal cortex is advised in cases of hereditary disorders affecting the adrenal gland (such as the MEN2 syndrome) in order to avoid primary adrenal insufficiency after the surgical excision. The postoperative evolution must be closely monitored by the anesthetic-surgical team, and the subsequent follow-up must not be neglected. We will discuss the primary surgical indications and contraindications of adrenal gland pathology in this chapter, as well as the perioperative management of specific tumors, surgical approach types, pluses and minuses of various adrenal surgery procedures, surgical technique and tactics, potential complications, and postoperative management.
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery: An Overview and Case Studies
Authors: Sharma Neha , Lavania Meeta , Singh Nimmi , Lal Banwari
Published: November 2022

After traditional oil recovery processes, large amount of residual oil are still trapped in the pore spaces of the complex capillary network of the reservoir. MEOR (microbial enhanced oil recovery), a promising tertiary oil recovery method involves the utilization of indigenous microbial species capable of producing various secondary metabolites which further enhances the recovery of oil through their plugging, viscosity or interfacial tension reduction mechanisms. The chapter represents the overview of MEOR, mechanism involved in the process and field trials. Furthermore, microbial based mechanisms are widely demonstrated. The chapter confirms the credibility of MEOR process towards the enhanced oil recovery.
Recovery and Valorization of Tomato By-products in R&D EU-Funded Projects
Authors: Casa Marcello , Miccio Michele
Published: November 2022

In the last years, the European Commission has been funding numerous projects regarding the valorization of food wastes. Tomato by-products received great attention especially in Spain, Italy, Greece, and Portugal due to high volumes and high concentration of valuable compounds. Among 40 funded projects about the management of tomato wastes in general, 14 projects are strictly connected to the valorization and exploitation of the tomato residues/by-products after processing and are of great interest for their scientific, technical, and economical outcomes. They received an overall budget of around 37 M€ over 35 years, involving 20 European and 4 non-European countries, with project coordinators located in Germany, the Netherlands, and Italy in most of the cases. This chapter delivers general information about these projects, assessing and reporting scientific and technical results. Moreover, the interconnection is highlighted among them by focusing on the contribution they gave to the European know-how, the management of the by-products and the progress they reached in waste minimization and valorization. Finally, the industrial and environmental outcomes of these projects have been reported by highlighting issues and problems that are still to be overcome.
Modeling of Laser-Irradiated Biological Tissue
Authors: Kumar Sumit
Published: November 2022

The laser has been widely used in medical fields. One application of the laser is laser-based photo-thermal therapy, wherein the short-pulsed laser is generally used to destroy the cancerous cells. The efficacy of the laser-based photo-thermal therapy can be improved if we minimize the thermal damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. So, it is essential to understand the laser-tissue interaction and thermal behavior of biological tissue during laser-based photo-thermal therapy. The light propagation through the biological tissue is generally mathematically modeled by the radiative heat transfer equation (RTE). The RTE has been solved using the discrete ordinate method (DOM) to determine the intensity inside the laser-irradiated biological tissue. Consequently, the absorbed photon energy act as the source term in the Fourier/non-Fourier model-based bio-heat transfer equation to determine the temperature distribution inside the biological tissue subjected to short-pulse laser irradiation. The non-Fourier model-based bio-heat transfer equation is numerically solved using the finite volume method (FVM). The numerical results have been compared with the analytical results obtained using the finite integral transform (FIT) technique. A comparative study between the Fourier and non-Fourier heat conduction models has also been carried out.
Chemokines Effective on Platelet Functions
Authors: Akkaya Fırat Asuman
Published: November 2022

Chemokines or chemotactic cytokines are chemical signaling molecules that have a regulatory effect on the orientation of endothelial and epithelial cells, especially leukocytes, immune and inflammatory response, and cell regeneration. They are important in the management of endothelial damage, physical harm, atherosclerosis, vascular injury, bleeding, coagulation, interneuron transmission, and platelet functions. Chemokines are divided into four main subfamilies: CXC, CC, CX3C, and C. All of these proteins exert their biological effects by interacting with G-protein-coupled transmembrane receptors called chemokine receptors, which are selectively present on the surfaces of their target cells. Platelet chemokines increase the recruitment of various hematopoietic cells to the vascular wall by nurturing processes, such as neointima formation, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis, while also promoting vessel repair and regeneration after vascular injury. Regarding platelets, CXCL4 (platelet factor 4 and PF4) and the chemokine CXCL7, which is processed from platelet basic protein to connective tissue activating peptide-III and β-thrombomodulin, to its active form neutrophil-activating peptide-2, which are the most abundant. In this chapter, chemokines that are more effective on platelets will be discussed.
Factors Contributing to the Academic Challenges Faced by South African Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Biokinetics Students
Authors: Brink Ntjana Makwena , Paul Yvonne , Burger Marine , Jeremy Ellapen Terry
Published: November 2022

Students of the Health Science professions of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, and Biokinetics share mutual subjects detailing human bodily functions, as well as their pathology and subsequent rehabilitation, as such sharing similarly factors influencing academic success. Factors influencing students’ academic success include matriculation scores, pedagogic techniques, successful integration into the university environment, self-efficacy, finances, and the language of instruction/teaching. While the three professions share similar prerequisite matriculation subjects, their university admission point scores vary, generating a degree of concern within a number of higher education institutions (HEIs). The global need to provide liberal access to HEIs has encouraged many tertiary institutions to adopt a policy of affirmative action that encompasses two fundamental strategies; the provision of financial support for deserving undergraduate students from previously disadvantaged communities, and the lowering of prerequisite admission scores. Despite these attempts at the creation of higher education equity, many students’ academic performance is poor. The primary objective of this chapter is to review the factors, which influence the academic success rate of students engaged in a course of study geared at entry into the Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, or Biokinetics professions at a South African HEI. This paper chapter seeks to recommend potential strategies to improve student academic performance.
Applications of Digital Holographic Interferometry in Heat Transfer Measurements from Heated Industrial Objects
Authors: Kumar Varun , Shakher Chandra
Published: November 2022

Digital holographic interferometry (DHI) is used worldwide for many scientific and industrial applications. In DHI, two digital holograms; one in the reference/ambient state of the object and another in changed state of object are recorded by electronic imaging sensors (such as CCD/CMOS) as reference holograms and object holograms, respectively. Phase of object wavefronts in different states of the object is numerically reconstructed from digital holograms. The interference phase is reconstructed by subtracting the phase of reference hologram from the phase of object hologram, without performing any phase-shifting interferometry. Thus, no extra effort is needed in DHI for calculating the interference phase. Apart from direct reconstruction of interference phase from two digital holograms, the recent development, availability of recording devices at video rate, and high-performance computers make the measurements faster, reliable, robust, and even real-time. In this chapter, DHI is presented for the investigation of temperature distribution and heat transfer parameters such as natural convective heat transfer coefficient and local heat flux around the surface of industrial heated objects such as cylindrical wires and heat sinks.
How COVID-19 Brought Medical Gaslighting to the Forefront and Made Invisible Illness Visible: Lessons from the BIPOC Long COVID Study
Authors: Gage Witvliet Margot
Published: November 2022

Back in March 2020 I became ill with COVID-19. It almost killed me. My journey with the illness is documented publicly and I am featured in New York Times, USA Today, Washington Post and People Magazine to name a few publications. Health Magazine named me one of seven African American women unsung heroes of COVID-19. Last year in 2021 I was invited to address President Biden’s COVID-19 Task Force Team. In the medical community, there is a pattern of treating people differently based on their gender, sexual orientation, age and disability status. COVID-19 shed light on the need for the medical community to shift to a modern outlook in the treatment of patients with invisible illnesses. In this chapter, I will discuss what is long COVID, findings from the BIPOC Long COVID Study, and how long COVID made invisible illnesses such as chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, chronic Lyme disease and lupus visible. Recommendations are given on long COVID recovery.
An Evaluation of the Transition from Linear Economy to Circular Economy
Authors: Özçatalbaş Orhan
Published: November 2022

The agriculture sector and food industry have always been essential sectors of the economy and countries. Factors such as limited resources in the face of a growing population as well as climate change and even the COVID-19 pandemic, and between Russia with Ukraine conflict have maximized the strategic importance of the agro-food industry on a global scale. Since it is a global issue affecting almost every country adversely, especially the fight against climate change requires institutional establishment of international cooperation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the current dynamics of existing economic theories and economic models, highlighting the transition from linear economy to circular economies. To do this, the concept of the circular economy and the economy is discussed in relation to the SDGs to better understand the problem. To evaluate the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy, again, the sustainability publications were searched using bibliometric methods. Mostly four concepts related to sustainability, sustainability and rural development, circular economy, and green economy were analyzed by using VOSviewer software. These four concepts are closely associated with sustainability.
Ginger Based Agro-Forestry Systems for Livelihood to Rainfed Areas
Authors: Chandra Nainwal Rakesh , Krishna Tewari Shri
Published: November 2022

In rural areas particularly belonging to tropical rainfed zone, agro-forestry is a very common strategy adopted as a common popular tool for saving environmental degradation, in which multipurpose trees (MPTs) are planted with common agriculture crops. These MPTs play also a very vital role for rehabilitating degraded lands and enhancing the total productivity of the land with proper combination of these MPTs with different crops. Such kinds of agroforestry systems provide livelihood security to the farmers of rainfed areas. In India, ginger is planted as intercrop with different tree species and being a shed-loving plant, and its yield was increased as compared with monoculture system.