bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Evaluation of Conveyor Belt Disc Brakes and Drum Brakes: Integrating Structural Topology Optimization and Weight Reduction
Authors: Chelopo Daniel , Gupta Kapil
Published: August 2024

Topology optimization is a well known and sophisticated method for designing structures. Through a finite element analysis, this method optimizes the design and material distribution to obtain an ideal strength-to-weight ratio and improved strain-to-weight ratio. This study involves the development of a comprehensive model for a brake using the ANSYS Parametric Design Language. The purpose of the model is to accurately characterize the geometry of the disc or drum. The technique of a complex eigenvalue analysis is used to identify the presence of unstable modes occurring at distinct frequencies, indicating instability. A braking force of 17,492 kN was exerted at a rotational velocity of 55 rad/s for 10 s. The optimization process resulted in significant mass reduction while maintaining structural integrity. In the drum brake, the mass was reduced from 114.01 kg to 104.07 kg, while the disc brake’s mass decreased from 68.81 kg to 56.68 kg.
Patrons Reaction to Fear in Different Dining Contexts: A Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory Exploration
Authors: Jones Robert Paul , Alimohammadirokni Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Cognitive-experiential self-theory is a unique model for exploring restaurant patrons’ decision making. Fear and its impact on diners’ decision making, particularly related to specific dining contexts (dine-in, takeout, and delivery), are limited in their representation in the literature. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an instance where a single fear could be explored universally for dining patrons. This study explores how fear influences diners’ perception of risk, antipathy, and avoidance toward restaurant dining and how these factors impact their intention to dine in a restaurant. Furthermore, it investigates how those constructs influence diner decision making regarding the selection of one of the identified dining contexts. Online survey data (n = 1225) of diners were analyzed using SEM. The research finds that fear impacts dining contexts differentially. Additionally, environmental control is identified as a valuable tool in the mitigation of diners’ fear. The pandemic had devastating impacts on the restaurant industry, partly due to the lack of research into fear, particularly in dining contexts. This research helps to fill the important research gap through the findings and theoretical and managerial implications provided.
Green Tea Polyphenol Nanoparticles Reduce Anxiety Caused by Tobacco Smoking Withdrawal in Rats by Suppressing Neuroinflammation
Authors: Hammad Alaa M. , Alzaghari Lujain F. , Alfaraj Malek , Lux Vanessa , Sunoqrot Suhair
Published: August 2024

Repeated exposure to tobacco smoke causes neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity, which correlates with smoking withdrawal-induced anxiety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anticipated involvement of antioxidant-rich nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by oxidation-triggered polymerization of green tea catechins in impacting these effects in a rat model of tobacco smoke exposure. Exposure to tobacco smoke was carried out for 2 h a day, 5 days a week, for a total of 36 days. Weekly behavioral tests were conducted prior to recommencing the exposure. Following a 20-day exposure period, rats were administered either distilled water or green tea (GT) NPs (20 mg/kg, orally) for an additional 16 days. Our findings revealed that tobacco smoke exposure induced anxiety-like behavior indicative of withdrawal, and this effect was alleviated by GT NPs. Tobacco smoke exposure caused a marked increase in the relative mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and reduced the relative mRNA and protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus (HIP) and hypothalamus (HYP) brain subregions. The intervention of GT NPs effectively inhibited these effects. Our findings demonstrate the potent protective role of GT NPs in reducing withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior, neuroinflammation, and neuroplasticity triggered by tobacco smoke exposure.
Mercury Dynamics and Bioaccumulation Risk Assessment in Three Gold Mining-Impacted Amazon River Basins
Authors: Domingues Vitor Sousa , Colmenero Carlos , Vinograd Maria , Oliveira-da-Costa Marcelo , Balbueno Rodrigo
Published: August 2024

Mercury contamination from gold mining in the Amazon poses significant environmental and health threats to the biome and its local populations. The recent expansion of non-industrial mining areas has severely impacted territories occupied by traditional communities. To address the lack of sampling data in the region and better understand mercury dynamics, this study used the probabilistic model SERAFM to estimate the mercury distribution and bioaccumulation in fish. The analysis covered 8,259 sub-basins across three major Amazonian basins: the Branco, Tapajós and Xingu rivers. The findings revealed increasing downstream mercury levels, with notable accumulations in the main watercourses influenced by methylation processes and mining releases. The projected concentrations showed that an average of 27.47% of the sub-basins might not comply with Brazilian regulations, rising to 52.38% in the Branco and Tapajós river basins separately. The risk assessment of fish consumption based on the projections highlighted high mercury exposure levels among traditional communities, particularly indigenous populations, with an average of 49.79% facing an extremely high risk in the Branco and Tapajós river basins. This study demonstrated SERAFM’s capacity to fill information gaps in the Amazon while underscoring the need for enhanced data collection, culturally sensitive interventions and regulatory updates to mitigate mercury contamination in gold mining-affected areas.
Associations between Glyphosate Exposure and Glycemic Disorders: A Focus on the Modifying Effect of Sex Hormones
Authors: Dong Yu , Li Yuan , Ma Liwen , Shu Shuge , Ren Jiawen , Yu Xiangyu , Luo Dan , Duan Zhizhou , Yu Yongquan
Published: August 2024

Widespread glyphosate contamination in the environment and its endocrine-disrupting potential are concerning. However, evidence of glyphosate’s effects on glycemic health is limited. To examine the association between glyphosate and glucose homeostasis in the general US population, a total of 3038 individuals were enrolled from the 2013-2016 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Survey-weighted linear regression and restricted cubic spline curves were used to detect the associations between glyphosate and glycemic disorders. The effects of interactions between sex hormones and glyphosate on glycemic outcomes were evaluated. The results showed that glyphosate was significantly linked to increased glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (β = 0.01; 95%CI, 0.01 to 0.02; p = 0.001) and the compromised homeostatic model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-beta) scores (β = −0.09; 95%CI, −0.17 to −0.01; p = 0.024). More importantly, these “glyphosate–glycemic disorder” associations were significantly modified by sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; P for interaction < 0.05), with more pronounced relationships being identified in individuals with low SHBG levels. Our findings indicate that glyphosate is correlated with glucose dyshomeostasis. Individuals with low SHBG levels exhibited susceptibility to glyphosate-related glycemic toxicity; therefore, it might be prudent to determine glycemic health in those subjects with glyphosate exposure.
Association between Serum 6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonate Concentrations and Lung Cancer
Authors: Mao Weili , Qu Jianli , Guo Ruyue , Chen Yuanchen , Jin Hangbiao , Xu Jingyan
Published: August 2024

6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA) exhibits pronounced estrogenic effects, potentially influencing the etiology of lung cancer. This study assessed the potential associations between serum concentrations of 6:2 Cl-PFESA and lung cancer risk at the population level. Odds ratios (ORs) for lung cancer across serum 6:2 Cl-PFESA quartiles were assessed using conditional logistic regression. Additionally, we investigated potential effect modification by various confounding factors. Elevated serum levels of 6:2 Cl-PFESA were consistently associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in both the crude model (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.08–2.42, p = 0.018) and the adjusted model (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.06–2.39, p = 0.026). Stratified analyses revealed that elevated serum levels of 6:2 Cl-PFESA were associated with increased risk estimates of lung cancer among males (adjusted OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.19–3.51, p = 0.006), smokers (adjusted OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.25–4.89, p = 0.003), and drinkers (adjusted OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 0.94–5.16, p = 0.049). The results of this study imply that exposure to 6:2 Cl-PFESA at levels considered environmentally relevant may be linked to an elevated risk of developing lung cancer.
Neuroinflammation and Neurometabolomic Profiling in Fentanyl Overdose Mouse Model Treated with Novel β-Lactam, MC-100093, and Ceftriaxone
Authors: Alasmari Mohammed S. , Alasmari Fawaz , Alsharari Shakir D. , Alasmari Abdullah F. , Ali Nemat , Ahamad Syed Rizwan , Alghamdi Abdullah M. , Kadi Aban A. , Hammad Alaa M. , Ali Yousif S. Mohamed , Childers Wayne E. , Abou-Gharbia Magid , Sari Youssef
Published: August 2024

Opioid-related deaths are attributed to overdoses, and fentanyl overdose has been on the rise in many parts of the world, including the USA. Glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) has been identified as a therapeutic target in several preclinical models of substance use disorders, and β-lactams effectively enhance its expression and function. In the current study, we characterized the metabolomic profile of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in fentanyl-overdose mouse models, and we evaluated the protective effects of the functional enhancement of GLT-1 using β-lactams, ceftriaxone, and MC-100093. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: control, fentanyl, fentanyl/ceftriaxone, and fentanyl/MC-100093. While the control group was intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with normal saline simultaneously with other groups, all fentanyl groups were i.p. injected with 1 mg/kg of fentanyl as an overdose after habituation with four repetitive non-consecutive moderate doses (0.05 mg/kg) of fentanyl for a period of seven days. MC-100093 (50 mg/kg) and ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg) were i.p. injected from days 5 to 9. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for metabolomics, and Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of target proteins. Y-maze spontaneous alternation performance and the open field activity monitoring system were used to measure behavioral manifestations. Fentanyl overdose altered the abundance of about 30 metabolites, reduced the expression of GLT-1, and induced the expression of inflammatory mediators IL-6 and TLR-4 in the NAc. MC-100093 and ceftriaxone attenuated the effects of fentanyl-induced downregulation of GLT-1 and upregulation of IL-6; however, only ceftriaxone attenuated fentanyl-induced upregulation of TRL4 expression. Both of the β-lactams attenuated the effects of fentanyl overdose on locomotor activities but did not induce significant changes in the overall metabolomic profile. Our findings revealed that the exposure to a high dose of fentanyl causes alterations in key metabolic pathways in the NAc. Pretreatment with ceftriaxone and MC-100093 normalized fentanyl-induced downregulation of GLT-1 expression with subsequent attenuation of neuroinflammation as well as the hyperactivity, indicating that β-lactams may be promising drugs for treating fentanyl use disorder.
Removal of the Highly Toxic Anticoccidial Monensin Using Six Different Low-Cost Bio-Adsorbents
Authors: Hamdi Samiha , Issaoui Manel , Hammami Sonia , Míguez-González Ainoa , Cela-Dablanca Raquel , Barreiro Ana , Núñez-Delgado Avelino , Álvarez-Rodríguez Esperanza , Fernández-Sanjurjo María J.
Published: August 2024

The anticoccidial monensin (MON) is a high-concern emerging pollutant. This research focused on six low-cost bio-adsorbents (alfa, cactus, and palm fibers, and acacia, eucalyptus, and zean oak barks), assessing their potential for MON removal. Batch adsorption/desorption tests were carried out, and the results were fitted to the Freundlich, Langmuir, Linear, Sips, and Temkin models. The concentrations adsorbed by the six materials were very similar when low doses of antibiotic were added, while they differed when adding MON concentrations higher than 20 µmol L−1 (adsorption ranging 256.98–1123.98 μmol kg−1). The highest adsorption corresponded to the sorbents with the most acidic pH (<5.5) and the highest organic matter and effective cation exchange capacity values (eucalyptus bark and acacia bark, reaching 92.3% and 87.8%), whereas cactus and palm fibers showed the lowest values (18.3% and 10.17%). MON desorption was below 8.5%, except for cactus and palm fibers. Temkin was the model showing the best adjustment to the experimental data, followed by the Langmuir and the Sips models. The overall results indicate that eucalyptus bark, alfa fiber, and acacia bark are efficient bio-adsorbents with potential for MON removal, retaining it when spread in environmental compartments, reducing related risks for human and environmental health.
Best Practices in the Management of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Developing Nations
Authors: Mendo-Lopez Rafael , Alonso Carolyn D. , Villafuerte-Gálvez Javier A.
Published: August 2024

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a well-known cause of hospital-acquired infectious diarrhea in developed countries, though it has not been a top priority in the healthcare policies of developing countries. In the last decade, several studies have reported a wide range of CDI rates between 1.3% and 96% in developing nations, raising the concern that this could represent a healthcare threat for these nations. This review defines developing countries as those with a human development index (HDI) below 0.8. We aim to report the available literature on CDI epidemiology, diagnostics, management, and prevention in developing countries. We identify limitations for CDI diagnosis and management, such as limited access to CDI tests and unavailable oral vancomycin formulation, and identify opportunities to enhance CDI care, such as increased molecular test capabilities and creative solutions for CDI. We also discuss infection prevention strategies, including antimicrobial stewardship programs and opportunities emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic, which could impact CDI care.
Fluctuations and Correlations of Conserved Charges Serving as Signals for QGP Production: An Overview from Polyakov Loop Enhanced Nambu–Jona-Lasinio Model
Authors: Upadhaya Sudipa
Published: August 2024

Quark–Gluon plasma driven by the strong force is subject to the conservativeness of the baryon number, net electric charge, strangeness, etc. However, the fluctuations around their mean values at specific temperatures and chemical potentials can provide viable signals for the production of Quark–Gluon plasma. These fluctuations can be captured theoretically as moments of different orders in the expansion of pressure or the thermodynamic potential of the system under concern. Here, we look for possible explanations in the methodologies used for capturing them by using the framework of the Polyakov–Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model under the 2 + 1 flavor consideration with mean-field approximation. The various quantities thus explored can act to signify meaningfully near the phase transitions. Justifications are also made for some of the quantities capable of serving necessarily under experimental scenarios. Additionally, variations in certain quantities are also made for the different collision energies explored in the high-energy experiments. Rectification of the quantitative accuracy, especially in the low-temperature hadronic sector, is of prime concern, and it is also addressed. It was found that most of the observables stay in close proximity with the existing lattice QCD results at the continuum limit, with some artifacts still remaining, especially in the strange sector, which needs further attention.
Hepatitis B Prevalence and Referral Rates in Vulnerable Populations Undergoing Community-Based Screening—Results from the LIVE(RO)2 Program
Authors: Iacob Speranta , Csiki Irma , Iacob Razvan , Ghioca Mihaela , Constantinescu Ileana , Chiper Bogdan , Huiban Laura , Muzica Cristina , Girleanu Irina , Tiuca Nicoleta , Diaconu Sorina , Sandulescu Larisa , Rogoveanu Ion , Furtunescu Florentina , Pop Corina , Trifan Anca , Gheorghe Liana
Published: August 2024

Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) remains a major global health challenge, with significant morbidity and mortality associated with chronic infections. Methods: This study examines the epidemiology, screening, and risk factors associated with HBV in Romania, focusing on a comprehensive national screening program, LIVE(RO)2, involving 320,000 individuals (majority of them considered vulnerable population). A questionnaire was used to collect information on the potential risk factors for HBV transmission. Results: The overall prevalence rate of HBV chronic infection among all the participants tested was 1.67% (confidence interval: 1.63–1.72%), with significant differences (p = 0.0001) between participants from the main geographical regions of residence (North-East 1.89%, South 1.38%, South-East 2.06%, and South-West 1.54%). Male persons aged 30–49 or 60–69 years old, from the rural and Eastern parts of Romania and non-Romanian ethnia, with a low level of education, unvaccinated, not married, unemployed, with family members with hepatitis, with personal histories of blood or blood product transfusion, surgical interventions, tattooing, hospitalizations, imprisonment, haemodialysis, unsafe sexual contacts, or with sexual transmitted infectious diseases were risk factors associated with HBsAg seropositivity. Conclusions: Our findings highlight significant demographic and epidemiological patterns of reduced HBV prevalence even in vulnerable persons, as well as modified risk factors and the impact of socio-economic factors.
Discovery and Genomic Analysis of Three Novel Viruses in the Order Mononegavirales in Leafhoppers
Authors: Xiao Jiajing , Nie Binghua , Chen Meng-En , Ge Danfeng , Liu Renyi
Published: August 2024

Leafhoppers are economically important pests and may serve as vectors for pathogenic viruses that cause substantial crop damage. In this study, using deep transcriptome sequencing, we identified three novel viruses within the order Mononegavirales, including two viruses belonging to the family Rhabdoviridae and one to the family Lispiviridae. The complete genome sequences were obtained via the rapid amplification of cDNA ends and tentatively named Recilia dorsalis rhabdovirus 1 (RdRV1, 14,251 nucleotides, nt), Nephotettix virescens rhabdovirus 1 (NvRV1, 13,726 nt), and Nephotettix virescens lispivirus 1 (NvLV1, 14,055 nt). The results of a phylogenetic analysis and sequence identity comparison suggest that RdRV1 and NvRV1 represent novel species within the family Rhabdoviridae, while NvLV1 is a new virus belonging to the family Lispiviridae. As negative-sense single-strand RNA viruses, RdRV1 and NvRV1 contain the conserved transcription termination signal and intergenic trinucleotides in the non-transcribed region. Intergenomic sequence and transcriptome profile analyses suggested that all these genes were co-transcriptionally expressed in these viral genomes, facilitated by specific intergenic trinucleotides and putative transcription initiation sequences.
The Effect of Renaltec on Serum Uremic Toxins in Cats with Experimentally Induced Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Paschall Rene E. , Quimby Jessica M. , Lourenço Bianca N. , Summers Stacie C. , Schmiedt Chad W.
Published: August 2024

Serum uremic toxins markedly increase in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and have deleterious consequences. Renaltec is an oral adsorbent that binds uremic toxin precursors in the gut. In this prospective cohort study utilizing 13 purpose-bred cats with remnant kidney model-induced CKD (12 IRIS Stage 2, 1 IRIS Stage 3) eating a standardized renal diet, we aimed to assess the effect of Renaltec administration on serum indoxyl sulfate (IDS) and p-cresol sulfate (pCS) concentrations. Cats were sequentially treated with standard of care for 56 days, 500 mg Renaltec orally once daily for 56 days, and then three months later, 500 mg Renaltec orally twice daily for 56 days. Serum IDS and pCS concentrations were measured 28 and 56 days after the administration of Renaltec. Blood pressure and kidney function were measured before and 56 days after the administration of Renaltec. Significant decreases in serum IDS and pCS concentrations were observed for both once- and twice-daily dosing, particularly during the first 28 days of administration. More cats with BID dosing had clinically significant reductions in serum IDS and pCS concentrations than with SID dosing. Renaltec can reduce the serum concentrations of deleterious gut-derived uremic toxins in cats with CKD.
Preparation and Application of Clostridium perfringens Alpha Toxin Nanobodies
Authors: Jia Qiong , Ren Hongrui , Zhang Shuyin , Yang Haoyu , Gao Shuaipeng , Fan Ruiwen
Published: August 2024

All subtypes of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) produce the alpha toxin (CPA), which can cause enteritis or enterotoxemia in lambs, cattle, pigs, and horses, as well as traumatic clostridial myonecrosis in humans and animals. CPA acts on cell membranes, ultimately leading to endocytosis and cell death. Therefore, the neutralization of CPA is crucial for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by C. perfringens. In this study, utilizing CPA as an antigen, a nanobody (CPA-VHH) with a half-life of 2.9 h, an affinity constant (KD) of 0.9 nmol/L, and good stability below 60 °C was prepared from a natural nanobody library from alpacas. The biological activity analysis of CPA-VHH revealed its ability to effectively neutralize the phospholipase and hemolytic activity of CPA at a 15-fold ratio. In Vero cells, 9.8 μg/mL CPA-VHH neutralized the cytotoxicity of CPA at two times the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). In a mouse model, 35.7 ng/g body weight (BW) of CPA-VHH neutralized 90% of the lethality caused by a 2× median lethal dose (LD50) of CPA. It was found that CPA-VHH protected 80% of mice within 30 min at 2 × LD50 CPA, but this dropped below 50% after 2 h and to 0% after 4 h. Rescue trials indicated that using CPA-VHH within 30 min post-infection with 2 × LD50 CPA achieved an 80% rescue rate, which decreased to 10% after 2 h. Furthermore, CPA-VHH effectively mitigated the reduction in the expression levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, and Claudin-1, while also attenuating the upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) induced by CPA infection. Overall, this study has identified a specific nanobody, CPA-VHH, that effectively neutralizes CPA toxins in vitro and in animal models, providing a new tool for inhibiting the pathogenicity resulting from these toxins and laying an important foundation for the development of new anti-C. perfringens toxin-related therapeutic products.
Electric Vehicle Adoption: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Technological, Environmental, Organizational and Policy Impacts
Authors: Zaino Rami , Ahmed Vian , Alhammadi Ahmed Mohamed , Alghoush Mohamad
Published: August 2024

This comprehensive systematic review explores the multifaceted impacts of electric vehicle (EV) adoption across technological, environmental, organizational, and policy dimensions. Drawing from 88 peer-reviewed articles, the study addresses a critical gap in the existing literature, which often isolates the impact of EV adoption without considering holistic effects. Technological advancements include innovations in the battery technology and energy storage systems, enhancing EV performance and mitigating range anxiety. The environmental analysis reveals substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, with lifecycle assessments showing significant reductions for EVs compared to internal combustion engine vehicles, particularly when charged with renewable energy sources. Key comparisons include lifecycle emissions between mid-size battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), and global average lifecycle emissions by powertrain under various policy scenarios. The organizational implications are evident, as businesses adopt new models for fleet management and logistics, leveraging EVs for operational efficiency and sustainability. Policy analysis underscores the crucial role of government incentives, regulatory measures, and infrastructure investments in accelerating EV adoption. The review identifies future research areas such as efficient battery recycling methods, the potential impact of EVs on grid stability, and long-term economic implications. This study offers insights for stakeholders aiming to foster sustainable transportation and achieve global climate goals.
Identifying impaired mental health in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in general practice
Authors: Jakobsen Line T , Søjbjerg Anne , Rasmussen Stinne E , Christensen Kaj S
Published: August 2024

Background

Type two diabetes (T2D) is linked to impaired mental health. International guidelines emphasise the importance of including psychological aspects in diabetes care. Yet, no systematic approach has been implemented to assess mental health in patients with T2D in general practice.

Aim

To evaluate the mental health of patients with T2D in general practice, and to investigate the effectiveness of asking patients about their wellbeing by using a single-item question compared with the five-item World Health Organization-Five Wellbeing Index (WHO-5).

Design & setting

A cross-sectional study was undertaken, which included 230 patients with T2D in Danish general practice, from 1 May 2023–31 January 2024.

Method

Eligible patients were recruited at the annual chronic care consultation. They answered a single-item question on wellbeing and four validated measures of general wellbeing (WHO-5), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7; GAD-7), and diabetes distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes-5; PAID-5).

Results

Overall, 32% of patients expressed symptoms of impaired mental health. Notably, the WHO-5 identified 53% of these patients, whereas only 12% of patients were identified through the single-item question. Importantly, among the patients exhibiting symptoms of impaired mental health, those identified by the WHO-5 displayed statistically significantly lower mental health scores across all measures (except PAID-5) compared with those not identified by the WHO-5.

Conclusion

A significant proportion of patients with T2D in general practice are affected by mental health issues. Our findings indicate that a single-item question may not sufficiently detect these issues, highlighting the importance of incorporating tools, such as the WHO-5, to offer a more comprehensive approach in diabetes care.
Adjusting primary-care funding by deprivation: a cross-sectional study of Lower layer Super Output Areas in England
Authors: Holdroyd Ian , Appel Cameron , Massou Efthalia , Ford John
Published: August 2024

Background

Previous research has called for general practice funding to be adjusted by deprivation data. However, there is no evidence that this adjustment would better meet clinical need.

Aim

To assess (1) how accurately the capitation formula (Carr-Hill), and total general practice funding predicts clinical need and (2) whether adjusting by the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) score improves accuracy.

Design & setting

A cross-sectional analysis of 32 844 Lower layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs) in England in 2021–2022. Sensitivity analysis used data from 2015–2019.

Method

Weighted average Carr-Hill Index (CHI), total general practice funding, and five measures of clinical need were calculated for each LSOA. For both CHI and total funding, four sets of generalised linear models were calculated for each outcome measure: unadjusted; adjusted for age; adjusted for IMD; and adjusted for age and IMD. AdjustedR2assessed model accuracy.

Results

In unadjusted models, CHI was a better predictor than total funding of combined morbidity index (CMI) (R2= 49.81%, 29.31%, respectively), combined diagnosed and undiagnosed morbidity (R2= 43.52%, 21.39%) and emergency admissions (R2= 32.75%, 16.95%). Total funding was a better predictor than CHI of GP appointments per patient (R2= 28.5%, 22.5%, respectively) and age and sex standardised mortality rates (R2= 0.42%, 0.37%). Adjusting for age and IMD improved all 10 models (R2= 62.15%, 53.15%, 48.57%, 38.47%, 40.53%, 32.84%, 29.11%, 34.58%, 25.21%, 25.23%, respectively). All age and IMD adjusted models significantly outperformed age-adjusted models (P<0.001). Sensitivity analysis confirmed findings.

Conclusion

Adjusting capitation or total funding by IMD would increase funding efficiency, especially for long-term outcomes such as mortality. However, adjusting for IMD without age could have unwanted consequences.
Millî Kütüphane’de Kayıtlı Manzum Bir Kur’ân Falı Örneği: “Fâlu’l-Kur’âni’l-Kerîm”
Authors: Güngör Sert Özlem
Published: August 2024

Tarih boyunca meçhule karşı tecessüs duygusu ile geleceği keşfetmenin peşinde olan insanoğlu, çeşitli araç ve teknikleri kullanarak kaderine hükmetmeye çalışmıştır. Bunun sonucu olarak da yıldız falı, kuş falı, kâğıt falı, taş falı, su falı ve kitap falı gibi pek çok fal türü ortaya çıkmış; hemen hemen her toplumda fal bakma geleneği oluşmuştur. Türk-İslâm medeniyetinde de çok eskilerden beri süregelen bu geleneğin tarihçesi, İslâmî dönemin öncesine dek uzanmaktadır. Fal bakmanın, hem tarihinin bu denli eski olmasının hem de her devirde ilgi çekmesinin sebebi “geleceğe duyulan merak ya da gaybı öğrenme isteği” olmuştur.
İnsanoğlu yeryüzündeki bitkilerle meyvelerin dilinden, hayvanların işaret ettiği durumlardan, gökyüzündeki yıldızlardan, insanların vücudundaki seğirmelerden yola çıkarak pek çok durumu veya nesneyi fal aracı olarak kullanmış ve bilinmezi öğrenmek için çabalamıştır. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de fal bakmak yasaklanmış olmasına rağmen, zaman içinde Müslüman toplumlar arasında Kur’ân-ı Kerîm, fal malzemesi olarak kullanılmış ve Kur’ân falları da manzum, mensur veya manzum-mensur olarak kaleme alınmıştır. Üzerinde çalışma yaptığımız metin, manzum olarak yazılmıştır. Harflerin yorumu temelli manzum Kur’ân fallarında harflerin yorumlandığı beyit sayıları eserden esere farklılık göstermektedir. Harfler bazı metinlerde tek beyitle, bazılarında ikişer, bazılarında üçer, bazılarında dörder ve bazılarında da daha fazla beyitlerle yorumlanmıştır.
Eserlerin giriş kısımlarında yer alan bölümlerde fala bakmadan önce yapılması gereken bir takım dinî vecîbeler yer almaktadır. Bunlar; niyet tutmak, abdest almak, üç Fatiha ve üç İhlas okuyarak Hz. Peygamber’e salavât getirmektir. Bu dinî vecîbeler genel olarak tüm metinlerde benzer şekilde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Falnâmelerin giriş bölümlerinde, bunlara ek olarak falın nasıl bakılacağına dair bilgiler de bulunur.
Bu çalışmada, edebî önemi haiz olan bu eserlerin, gün yüzüne çıkarılması için Millî Kütüphane’de “06 Mil Yz B 947/24” koleksiyon numarasında “Fâlu’l-Kur’âni’l-Kerîm” adıyla kayıtlı eser incelenerek eserin nüsha, şekil ve içerik özellikleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Ardından metin neşredilmiş ve neşredilen nüshanın görüntüleri çalışmaya eklenmiştir. Hazırlanan bu çalışmayla da günümüze değin değerlendirilen manzum Kur’ân falı örneklerine bir yenisi daha eklenip bu vesileyle de ilim âlemine katkı sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.
The selection process of jurisdictional guarantees in ecuador during the COVID-19 health emergency
Authors: Calderón María Carolina Baca , Jaramillo Valeria Noboa
Published: August 2024

El artículo aborda el proceso de selección de garantías constitucionales, de conformidad con lo previsto en la Constitución de la República del Ecuador y la Ley Orgánica de Garantías Jurisdiccionales y Control Constitucional, así como los mecanismos internos que usa la Corte Constitucional para cumplir con su competencia. Posteriormente, trata los casos que han sido seleccionados durante el periodo de la emergencia sanitaria por la COVID-19, y los asuntos sobre los que la Corte Constitucional podrá desarrollar jurisprudencia a fin de reparar graves vulneraciones de derechos durante la crisis sanitaria, así como establecer estándares para evitar que la limitación al ejercicio de ciertos derechos en el contexto de la pandemia no vulnere derechos fundamentales.
Thiazolo-pyridopyrimidines: An in silico evaluation as a lead for CDK4/6 inhibition, synthesis and cytotoxicity screening against breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Shetty Chaithra R , Shastry C. S. , P Parasuraman , Hebbar Srinivas
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Pyridopyrimidines belong to a class of compounds characterized by the presence of nitrogen as heteroatoms. These compounds exhibit diverse biological effects, particularly showing promise as anticancer agents, including actions that inhibit CDK4/6. Methods: We designed and synthesized a range of substituted thiazolo-pyridopyrimidines (4a-p). Computational ADME/T analysis and molecular docking were performed using the crystal structure of CDK4/6. Subsequently, we synthesized the top-scoring compounds, characterized them using IR, NMR, and Mass spectroscopy, and assessed their impact on MCF-7 and MDAMB-231 cell lines using the SRB assay. To further evaluate stability, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted for the two most promising compounds within the binding site. Results: The docking scores indicated stronger interactions for compounds 4a, 4c, 4d, and 4g. As a result, these specific compounds (4a, 4c, 4d, and 4g) were chosen for synthesis and subsequent screening to assess their cytotoxic effects. Remarkably, compounds 4c and 4a exhibited the most promising activity in terms of their IC50 values across both tested cell lines. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation studies uncovered an elevated level of stability within the 4c- 6OQO complex. Conclusion: By integrating insights from computational, in vitro, and molecular dynamics simulation findings, compound 4c emerges as a leading candidate for future investigations. The presence of a polar hydroxyl group at the C2 position of the 8-phenyl substitution on the pyridopyrimidine rings appears to contribute to the heightened activity of the compound. Further enhancements to cytotoxic potential could be achieved through structural refinements.
Molecular dynamics simulation in tissue engineering
Authors: Rahmani Ali , Jafari Rahim , Nadri Samad
Published: August 2024

Introduction: In tissue engineering, the interaction among three primary elements, namely cells, material scaffolds, and stimuli, plays a pivotal role in determining the fate of cells and the formation of new tissue. Understanding the characteristics of these components and their interplay through various methodologies can significantly enhance the efficiency of the designed tissue engineering system. In silico methods, such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, use mathematical calculations to investigate molecular properties and can overcome the limitations of laboratory methods in delivering adequate molecular-level information. Methods: The studies that used molecular dynamics simulation, either alone or in combination with other techniques, have been reviewed in this paper. Results: The review explores the use of molecular dynamics simulations in studying substrate formation mechanism and its optimization. It highlights MD simulations' role in predicting biomolecule binding strength, understanding substrate properties' impact on biological activity, and factors influencing cell attachment and proliferation. Despite limited studies, MD simulations are considered a reliable tool for identifying ideal substrates for cell proliferation. The review also touches on MD simulations' contribution to cell differentiation studies, emphasizing their role in designing engineered extracellular matrix for desired cell fates. Conclusion: Molecular dynamics simulation as a non-laboratory tool has many capabilities in providing basic and practical information about the behavior of the molecular components of the cell as well as the interaction of the cell and its components with the surrounding environment. Using this information along with other information obtained from laboratory tools can ultimately lead to the advancement of tissue engineering through the development of more appropriate and efficient methods.
Advances in nanocarrier-mediated delivery of chrysin: Enhancing solubility, bioavailability, and anticancer efficacy
Authors: Dabiri Sheida , Jafari Sevda , Molavi Ommoleila
Published: August 2024

Chrysin, a natural phytochemical compound found in various plant sources, possesses diverse pharmacological benefits, including anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, immunoregulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite its well-documented biological activities, chrysin's low water solubility and bioavailability hinder its clinical development. This review explores the application of nanocarriers as a strategic approach to overcome these challenges and enhance the delivery of chrysin. Nanocarriers, including polymer-based nanoparticles (NPs), lipid-based NPs, and inorganic nanocarriers, have shown promise in improving the solubility, bioavailability, and tumor-targeted delivery of chrysin. The paper discusses chrysin's anticancer effects on different types of human cancers, elucidating its impact on crucial signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis. The review categorizes and analyzes various nanocarriers, providing insights into their structural properties and drug release profiles. Among the nanocarriers, polymer-based NPs, especially those utilizing PLGA, emerge as promising strategies for chrysin encapsulation, demonstrating improvements in drug release, stability, and bioavailability. Lipid-based NPs and inorganic nanocarriers also exhibit potential in enhancing chrysin delivery. The comprehensive insights provided contribute to a deeper understanding of chrysin's pharmacological properties and its potential clinical applications, offering valuable perspectives for future research and translation into clinical settings. The review underscores the importance of selecting suitable structures for chrysin encapsulation to enhance its physicochemical properties and anticancer effects, paving the way for innovative nanomedicine approaches in cancer therapy.
A potential mechanism for tau protein modulating in schizophrenia with transcranial direct current stimulation intervention: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shafiee-Kandjani Ali Reza , Chalabianloo Farnaz , Farhang Sara , Shanehbandi Dariush , Shalchi Behzad
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Schizophrenia involves cognitive deficits, including working memory impairments. Researches indicate tau protein abnormalities may contribute to cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) shows promise in improving cognitive function, its effects on tau protein and working memory in schizophrenia remain unclear. Methods: Forty participants were randomly assigned to receive either tDCS or sham treatment in this randomized clinical trial. The tDCS group received anodal stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for 20 minutes, while the sham group received a placebo. Serum tau levels and working memory were assessed before and after using ELISA and the digit span task. Results: The results showed that the tDCS group had a significantly higher increase in phosphorylated tau protein serum levels compared to the sham group (5.53 ± 3.67 vs. 1.49 ± 3.90, P < 0.05). There was no significant mean change difference in serum levels of total tau protein between the groups. Females displayed higher increase in both total tau (1.88 ± 0.66 vs. 1.43 ± 0.80, P = 0.664) and p-tau levels (4.92 ± 0.88 vs. 2.11 ± 0.64, P = 0.014). The tDCS group also showed significantly higher improvement in working memory than the sham group (P < 0.05). Correlations between tau changes and memory enhancements approached significance (r(total tau) = 0.30; P = 0.051, r(p-tau ) = 0.27; P = 0.063). Conclusion: These findings reveal the tDCS impact on tau markers, shedding light on the disorder's molecular pathways and sex influences. Enhanced memory, linked to tau changes, suggests its potential as a treatment indicator.
FIRST RESULTS OF MARINE BROADBAND SYNCHRONOUS SEISMIC SURVEY IN THE BARENTS SEA. DATA QUALITY CONTROL
Authors: Потемка А.К. , Колюбакин А.А. , Понимаскин А.И. , Токарев М.Ю. , Бирюков Е.А. , Обметко В.В. , Парамонов Д.В. , Новиков С.С.
Published: August 2024

Комплексирование геофизических методов для решения сложных геологических задач – широко используемый инструмент при выполнении морских исследований. Расширение частотного диапазона наблюдений при проведении сейсморазведки – одно из важных направлений разработки новых технологий производства работ. Совмещение в рамках одной съемки и одного судна методов нефтегазовой и инженерной сейсморазведки до недавнего времени выглядело нереализуемым и недостаточно обоснованным предложением. Выполненные в полевом сезоне 2023 года в Баренцевом море опытно-промышленные работы по технологии широкополосной синхронной сейсморазведки показали эффективность такого подхода для идентификации опасных геологических процессов и явлений в различных интервалах геологического разреза в рамках геолого-съемочных и поисково-разведочных работ. В данной статье будут рассмотрены результаты контроля качества данных синхронной сейсморазведки и взаимного влияния инженерно-геофизической и нефтегазовой съемок в процессе выполнения полевых работ.

Integrating geophysical methods to solve complex geological problems is a widely used tool in complex marine research. Expanding the frequency range of the signal during seismic exploration is one of the areas in the development of new technologies for work. The combination of oil and gas and engineering seismic exploration methods within one survey and one vessel recently looked like a difficult to implement and insufficiently substantiated proposal, however, pilot work carried out in the 2023 field season in the Barents Sea using broadband synchronous seismic technology showed the effectiveness of this approach for search and identification of dangerous geological processes and phenomena in various intervals of the geological section. This article will consider aspects of quality control of synchronous seismic data and the mutual influence of engineering geophysical and oil and gas surveys during field work.
IDENTIFICATION OF GEOHAZARDS BASED ON GEOPHYSICAL DATA AT THE INITIAL STAGE OF FIELD DEVELOPMENT (MIDDLE CASPIAN)
Authors: Миронюк С.Г. , Росляков А.Г. , Пирогова А.С. , Чегодаева А.Е.
Published: August 2024

В статье приведены результаты камеральных исследований верхней части геологического разреза по материалам 3D-сейсморазведки МОВ-ОГТ на площади одного из нефтегазоконденсатных месторождений (НГКМ) Среднего Каспия. Работы включали в себя специализированную обработку сейсмических данных, а также интерпретацию с целью получения информации об опасных геологических процессах и явлениях в интервале от дна моря до 1500 м. Специализированная обработка сейсмических данных МОВ-ОГТ проводилась по трем графам для подготовки данных для структурных построений в верхней части разреза, динамического анализа, детального изучения верхней части разреза (вариант «сверхвысокоразрешающей» обработки). В рамках интерпретации были выполнены структурные построения, атрибутный анализ, спектральная декомпозиция, инверсионные преобразования, а также применен кластерный анализ и алгоритмы искусственного интеллекта для типизации отложений и выявления опасных геологических процессов и явлений. В результате было уточнено сейсмогеологическое строение верхней части разреза и получены надежные сведения об опасных геологических процессах и явлениях, распространенных на изучаемой площади. Выявленные геологические опасности были ранжированы по степени риска с учетом интенсивности их проявления и глубины залегания.

The article presents the results of in-house studies of the upper part of the geological section based on the materials of 3D seismic exploration of CDP seismic reflection method on the area of one of the oil and gas condensate fields of the Middle Caspian Sea. The work included specialized processing of seismic data, as well as interpretation in order to obtain information about dangerous geological processes and phenomena in the range from the seabed to 1500 m. The specialized processing of the CDP seismic reflection method seismic data included temporary processing in three graphs for: data preparation for structural constructions in the upper part of the section, dynamic analysis, detailed study of the upper part of the section (a variant of «ultrahigh resolution» processing). As part of the interpretation, structural constructions, attribute analysis, spectral decomposition, inversion transformations were performed, as well as cluster analysis and artificial intelligence algorithms were used to type deposits and identify dangerous geological processes and phenomena.
FEATURES OF THE POSITIONING OF THE RECEIVING-EMITTING SYSTEM DURING THREE-DIMENSIONAL SEISMOACOUSTIC STUDIES
Authors: Бирюков Е.А. , Понимаскин А.И. , Сергеев А.А. , Гайнанов В.Г.
Published: August 2024

В работе излагается актуальность и важность позиционирования трехмерных высокоразрешающих сейсмоакустических приемоизлучающих систем. Представлены примеры широко востребованных на мировой рынке аналогичных систем, с описание их методов и принципов позиционирования. Так же описаны разработанные авторами подходы и алгоритмы к организации позиционирования отечественного трехмерного комплекса.

This research outlines the relevance and importance of positioning three-dimensional high-resolution seismoacoustic transceiver systems. Examples of similar systems widely in demand on the world market are presented, with a description of their methods and principles of positioning. The approaches and algorithms developed by the authors for organizing the positioning of the Russian three-dimensional complex are also described.
EEG CORRELATES OF PSYCHIC DISTRESS
Authors: Рагозинская В.Г.
Published: August 2024

Целью исследования явилось изучение особенностей спектральной мощности и когерентности ЭЭГ при психическом дистрессе. Согласно полученным данным, повышение уровня психического дистресса связано со значимым повышением спектральной мощности в высокочастотном бета-диапазоне (от 23 до 36 Гц, считающемся индикатором "занятого мозга") и значимым повышением показателей когерентности во всех частотных диапазонах ЭЭГ (с максимумом в дельта-, тета-, бета2- и бета3-диапазонах). Ключевые слова: электроэнцефалограмма, психический дистресс, спектральный

The aim of the work was to study peculiarities of EEG spectral power and coherence in psychic distress. The research has shown that an increase in the level of mental distress is associated with a significant enhancement of spectral power in beta3 band (23 to 36Hz, considered a "busy brain" indicator) and a significant increase of cortical connectivity in all the bands (with maximum in delta, theta, beta2 and beta3 bands).