bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obese Degeneration of Scientific Congresses
Authors: Wolstenholme G. E. W.
Published: October 2006

The experimental establishment by an International Society of a coordinated group of worldwide regional conferences on an annual basis for 4 years, succeeded in the 5th year by a giant congress which is of the nature of a review and which is honestly social, is suggested as an alternative scheme to the present situation, which may be summed up as follows: the rigidity of some national societies, the haphazard expansion of regional meetings, and the cynical extravagance of huge congresses—of which the success is measured only by size, and from which both science and friendship are being squeezed out.
Three-Dimensional Structure of Dimeric Human Recombinant Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
Authors: Pandit Jayvardhan , Bohm Andrew , Jancarik Jarmila , Halenbeck Robert , Koths Kirston , Kim Sung-Hou
Published: October 2006

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) triggers the development of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and has a variety of stimulatory effects on mature cells of this class. The biologically active form of M-CSF is a disulfide-linked dimer that activates an intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity on the M-CSF receptor by inducing dimerization of the receptor molecules. The structure of a recombinant human M-CSF dimer, determined at 2.5 angstroms by x-ray crystallography, contains two bundles of four α helices laid end-to-end, with an interchain disulfide bond. Individual monomers of M-CSF show a close structural similarity to the cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and human growth hormone. Both of these cytokines are monomeric in their active form, and their specific receptors lack intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. The similarity of these structures suggests that the receptor binding determinants for all three cytokines may be similar.
Endive Plantlets from Freely Suspended Cells and Cell Groups Grown in vitro
Authors: Vasil I. K. , Hildebrandt A. C. , Riker A. J.
Published: October 2006

Callus tissue derived from mature embryos of the endive,
Cichorium endivia
Linn. (family Compositae) grows and develops chlorophyll on a completely defined nutrient medium. The tissue breaks up into a thick suspension of cells and cell groups in a liquid medium kept in a flask on a shaker. Gradually, many small round masses of tissue, designated here as embryoids, are formed; these become differentiated and organized to form numerous small plantlets having typical curled and fringed green leaves and roots.
7-Hydroxychlorpromazine: Potential Toxic Drug Metabolite in Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Perry Thomas L. , Culling Charles F. A. , Berry Kenneth , Hansen Shirley
Published: October 2006

7-Hydroxychlorpromazine was isolated from liver and urine of psychiatric patients treated with high dosages of chlorpromazine for long periods. These patients developed a purple pigmentation limited to areas of skin exposed to sunlight, as well as opacities of the cornea and lens. Large amounts of melanin were found only in the pigmented skin. It seems likely that a toxic compound is produced by the action of ultraviolet light on a 7-hydroxylated chlorpromazine derivative deposited in skin, cornea, and lens, and that this in turn leads to excessive melanin production and eye changes.
Sodium Perxenate and Xenon (II) Difluoride Reduction at the Dropping-Mercury Electrode
Authors: Jaselskis Bruno
Published: October 2006

Sodium perxenate in alkaline solutions is reduced in a single step to xenon at the dropping-mercury electrode. The half-wave potential for perxenate changes from -0.21 to -0.31 volts against a Hg
2
SO
4
-Hg reference electrode in the pH range 10.1 to 11.3. Xenon (II) difluoride in acidic solution is reduced in a single step to xenon, at the potential of approximately zero against the Hg2SO4-Hg reference electrode. The reduction wave is followed by a broad maximum which can be effectively suppressed by fluoride ion. The diffusion current varies in linear fashion with concentration.
Thermochemical Etching Reveals Domain Structure in Magnetite
Authors: Hanss Robert E.
Published: October 2006

Single crystals of magnetite were prepared for study of the magnetic domain structure by etching in a molten mixture of boron oxide and lead oxide. The domain pattern on a (110) surface shows 71°, 109°, and 180° Bloch walls. The intensity of remanent magnetization is much less than the saturation value.
Morphogenetic Studies with Partially Synchronized Cultures of Carrot Embryos
Authors: Halperin Walter
Published: October 2006

Callus tissue, derived from petiole segments of the wild carrot and containing undifferentiated meristems, can be suspended in liquid nutrient media and passed through a series of sieves to separate the meristems by size. The small meristems of fairly uniform size thus obtained will grow on defined media where their controlled differentiation into embryos can be studied.
Behavioral-Neurochemical Correlation in Reactive and Nonreactive Strains of Rats
Authors: Sudak Howard S. , Maas James W.
Published: October 2006

Male and female rats of the Maudsley reactive and Maudsley nonreactive strains were tested in the open-field to obtain ambulation and defecation scores. They were later killed, and their brains were dissected into five portions and analyzed for serotonin. Males defecated more and ambulated less than females, and nonreactive males ambulated more and defecated less than reactive males. These behavioral differences were significant (
p
< .05). A statistically significant difference was found for the amounts of serotonin in specific regions of the brain between males and females (males higher) and between reactive and nonreactive males (reactive higher). Significant negative correlations between serotonin values in specific regions of brain and ambulation scores were found in these animals viewed as a group or even within a given strain and sex.
Strontium Content and Variable Strontium-Chlorinity Relationship of Sargasso Sea Water
Authors: MacKenzie Fred T.
Published: October 2006

Sargasso Sea water has a variable strontium-chlorinity relationship. This observation is contrary to the view that strontium in the ocean is in constant proportion to chlorinity. It is suggested that the increase in strontium concentration at 500 to 800 meters in Sargasso Sea water results from interaction between organic aggregates and the water.
Potassium and Sodium Content of Tissues of Hamsters and Ground Squirrels during Hibernation
Authors: Willis J. S.
Published: October 2006

Samples of kidney cortex, diaphragm, and atrial and ventricular muscle were taken from hamsters and ground squirrels to determine whether the low body temperature of hibernation caused loss of potassium and gain of sodium. Gradients between tissues and plasma are maintained or even increased during hibernation.
Lunar Surface Features: Mid-Infrared Spectral Observations
Authors: Hunt Graham R. , Salisbury John W.
Published: October 2006

The moon has been observed and spectrally scanned at midinfrared wavelengths, in particular through the 16- to 24-micron atmospheric window. The data indicate that there are differences in mineral composition among several features of the lunar surface.
Component Shapes in Double Radio Sources
Authors: Moffet Alan T.
Published: October 2006

High-resolution interferometry at a wavelength of 10.6 centimeters shows that several well-separated double radio sources have small, bright regions near the outward ends of their components. This is consistent with an expanding model for the sources.
Tremorine: Its Peripheral Action on Striated Muscle
Authors: Csillik Bertalan
Published: October 2006

Tremorine, injected intraperitoneally into rats, induces the same kind of calcium release in the motor end-plates as that induced by acetylcholine-like agents. Since the same effect results even if the appropriate motor nerve has previously been transected, it is concluded that this myoneural action of Tremorine is not due to a central excitation but rather to a peripheral stimulatory property of the drug.
Phosphorus Excretion and Body Size in Marine Animals: Microzooplankton and Nutrient Regeneration
Authors: Johannes R. E.
Published: October 2006

In marine animals the rate of excretion of dissolved phosphorus per unit weight increases as body weight decreases. As a consequence microzooplankton may play a major role in planktonic nutrient regeneration.
Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms at the Population Level in Man
Authors: Parsons P. A.
Published: October 2006

The distribution of the Rhesus and ABO blood groups, thalassemia, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Europe and in Jewish populations argues for a regulatory mechanism at the population level which adjusts gene frequencies so that the overall genetic load is not excessive, since gene frequencies giving a high genetic load at one locus are often associated with those giving low genetic loads at other loci.
Noble Gases in Sea Water
Authors: Bieri Rudolph , Koide Minoru , Goldberg Edward D.
Published: October 2006

Concentrations of noble gases in samples of sea water obtained at depths to 3437 meters from a Pacific Ocean station were measured by mass spectrometry. An excess of helium, in relation to concentrations of the other noble gases, is attributed to influx of atoms of this gas from the sediments where it is produced by the natural radioactive decay of members of the uranium and thorium series. On the basis of a steady-state model, the escape of helium from the earth is calculated at 6.4 × 10
13
atoms per square centimeter per year.
Visual Motion Detection in the Cat
Authors: Baumgartner Günter , Brown John Lott , Schulz Arnold
Published: October 2006

Responses of some cells in the cat cortex to moving stimulation depend on direction of motion. These cells give neither "on" nor "off" responses to uniform illumination. Response can be elicited over a wide region of the retina in either eye, and the discharge pattern does not follow the temporal variations in luminance on the retina which accompany the movement of the stimulus.
Fluid Flow in Porous Media Studied by a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technique
Authors: Timur A. , Fatt I.
Published: October 2006

A nuclear magnetic resonance technique was used to determine the hydrocarbon content of a porous material during its displacement by an oil-miscible but hydrogen-free liquid (CCl
4
). After displacement of heptane by an amount of carbon tetrachloride equal to 1.5 times the pore volume, about 10 percent of the heptane remained, presumably in "dead-end" pores.
Visiting in
Perodicticus
Authors: Cowgill U. M.
Published: October 2006

Three
Perodicticus potto
have been observed in captivity for about 1 year. The social custom of visiting was established when one isolated himself from the others by living in a hollow tree trunk. The existence of such very marked social ceremonial in the Lorisoidea is of considerable evolutionary interest.
Transitional Ordovician Bivalve with Both Monoplacophoran and Lucinacean Affinities
Authors: McAlester A. Lee
Published: October 2006

The rare and problematic Ordovician molluscan genus
Babinka
is a probable evolutionary link between the bivalve superfamily Lucinacea and some monoplacophora-like ancestral mollusc.
Babinka
provides the first direct evidence of a transition between the class Bivalvia and more primitive molluscan ancestors.
Acetylene Ester from
Aster spinosus
Authors: Spitzer Jeffrey C. , Steelink Cornelius
Published: October 2006

A polyacetylene compound,
cis
-lachnophyllum ester, has been isolated from
Aster spinosus
Benth. The presence of this compound in this genus is of taxonomic interest.
Mangabey
x
and
b
Wave Electroretinogram Components: Their Dark-Adapted Luminosity Functions
Authors: Jones A. E. , Polson Martha C. , Devalois R. L.
Published: October 2006

The temporal separation of
x
and
b
components in the electroretinogram of the dark-adapted eye of the sooty mangabey,
Cercocebus torquatus atys
, permits an uncomplicated calculation of luminosity functions. Flicker electroretinogram studies indicate enhancement of the photopic blue sensitivity.
Inulin and Albumin Absorption from the Proximal Tubule in
Necturus
Kidney
Authors: Scott Walter N. , Maude David L. , Shehadeh Isam , Solomon A. K.
Published: October 2006

In the kidney of the amphibian,
Necturus
, appreciable quantities of inulin and human serum albumin are transported from the tubular lumen of the proximal tubules into the blood. These findings suggest that inulin may not be a satisfactory indicator for measuring net water movement in the kidney of this species.
Hereditary Deficiency of Serum α
1
-Antitrypsin
Authors: Kueppers Friedrich , Briscoe William A. , Bearn Alexander G.
Published: October 2006

Deficiency of the serum α
1
-antitrypsin appears to be under genetic control. The level of this protein is reduced to less than 10 percent of the norm in individuals homozygous for the trait, who may suffer from pulmonary emphysema. Heterozygous individuals have a concentration of serum α
1
-antitrypsin between 50 and 60 percent of normal, but appear to be in good health. The estimated heterozygous frequency of the trait in a small white population in Georgia is 2.1 percent.
Serum Albumin: Polymorphism in Man
Authors: Efremov Georgi , Braend Mikael
Published: October 2006

Serums from 1015 individuals, mainly Norwegians, were studied by starch-gel electrophoresis. All but one showed the same albumin phenotype. The appearance of the exceptional sample on starch gel fits with that of a heterozygote. A genetic theory of two alleles

Al
F

and

Al
S

is proposed.
Sinton Bands: Evidence for Deuterated Water on Mars
Authors: Shirk James S. , Haseltine William A. , Pimentel George C.
Published: October 2006

The infrared absorption bands observed by Sinton at 2710, 2793, and 2898 cm
-1
, in the spectrum of Mars, may be due to gaseous D
2
O and HDO in the Martian atmosphere. The implication would be that the deuterium: hydrogen ratio exceeds that on Earth, presumably because of escape of the lighter gases from Mars, with accompanying gravitational fractionation of the hydrogen isotopes.
Inhibition of Flowering by Light in the Short-Day Plant
Salvia occidentalis
Authors: Bhargava S. C.
Published: October 2006

Long days (continuous light)have inhibitory effects on
Salvia occidentalis
by producing transmissible substances that suppress flowering. Only when the inhibition at the apex is removed can flowering proceed normally.
Vocal Mimicry in
Tursiops
: Ability to Match Numbers and Durations of Human Vocal Bursts
Authors: Lilly John C.
Published: October 2006

In addition to its normal underwater sonic communication path, the dolphin (
Tursiops truncatus
) can be trained to emit sounds from the blowhole opened in air. By proper rewarding (positive reinforcement) and evocative techniques, such vocal emissions can be changed from the natural patterns. One such group of new sounds is said to resemble the human voice ("vocal mimicry"). Aspects of these sounds which are physically determinable, specifiable, and demonstrable are the similarities in numbers of bursts of sound emitted by man and dolphin and in durations of successive emissions. In 92 percent of the exchanges the number of bursts emitted by
Tursiops
equalled, ±1, the number just previously emitted by a man in sequences of one to ten bursts.
Cyclic Variations in the Digestive Gland and Glandular Oviduct of Chitons (Mollusca)
Authors: Lawrence A. L. , Lawrence J. M. , Giese A. C.
Published: October 2006

In
Cryptochiton stelleri
(Polyplacophora), variation in the size of the glandular oviduct parallels the cyclic variation in the size of the gonad. In
Katharina tunicata
the digestive gland reaches its maximum size in the fall then decreases to a minimum size in the spring when the gonad is at its maximum size. These variations are not due to changes in the water content of the glandular oviduct and digestive gland.
Transplantation Immunity of Gestational Origin in Infant Rats
Authors: Billingham R. E. , Palm Joy , Silvers Willys K.
Published: October 2006

Comparison of the survival times of homografts of BN skin on 3-day-old Lewis rats born of mothers of the same isogenic strain with those of BN grafts on infant Lewis hosts that had developed in an F
1
(Lewis × BN) hybrid, gave no evidence of maternally induced tolerance as a result of development in an antigenically alien environment. On the contrary, the significantly shorter median survival time of the grafts on the hybrid-derived Lewis group suggests that sensitization had occurred as a consequence of natural exposure during gestation to small numbers of maternal cells.
Tumor and Virus Antigens of Simian Virus 40: Differential Inhibition of Synthesis by Cytosine Arabinoside
Authors: Rapp Fred , Melnick Joseph L. , Kitahara Tsunehiro
Published: October 2006

Cells infected with the papovavirus SV40 not only synthesize viral antigen but also synthesize the specific nonviral antigen found in SV40-induced tumors. In the presence of the DNA antagonist cytosine arabinoside, infected cells fail to make viral antigen but still synthesize the tumor antigen. Iododeoxyuridine does not inhibit the synthesis either of tumor or of virus antigen but does prevent the development of infectious virus.
Immunoassay for Human Chorionic "Growth Hormone-Prolactin" in Serum and Urine
Authors: Kaplan Selna L. , Grumbach Melvin M.
Published: October 2006

Chorionic "growth hormone-prolactin" in serum and urine from pregnant women, in serum from umbilical cord, and in amniotic fluid was assayed by a sensitive immunological method dependent on the combination of rabbit antiserum to the growth hormone-prolactin with the iodine-131-labeled hormone. The hormone is detectable in serum and urine early in gestation, and with advancing pregnancy its concentration in serum continues to increase to a maximum during the last trimester. It was not found in serum within 8 hours after delivery.
Ionizing Radiation: Effect of Irradiated Medium on Synthetic Processes
Authors: Pollard Ernest C. , Ebert Marlin J. , Miller Carolyn , Kolacz Kathryn , Barone Thomas F.
Published: October 2006

The incorporation of uracil-C
14
into macromolecules in
Escherichia coli
cells is decreased by doses of ionizing radiation when the cells are in very dilute suspension. The decrease results from an action of irradiated medium on the cells, and a similar reaction is observed during the incorporation of thymine (indication of DNA synthesis) and of proline and valine (indicative of protein synthesis). Irradiated medium reduces the formation of β-galactosidase but does not cause the degradation of DNA.
Sedimentation Velocity Experiments: Position and Motion of Schlieren Peaks
Authors: Faucher Joseph A. , Koleske Joseph V.
Published: October 2006

There are four possible cases for single solute peaks in ultracentrifuge sedimentation velocity experiments. The peak can be either above or below the baseline and can move toward or away from the cell bottom. With appropriate solvents these cases are demonstrated for a single polymeric solute.
Mars: The Origin of the 3.58- and 3.69-Micron Minima in the Infrared Spectra
Authors: Rea D. G. , O'Leary B. T. , Sinton W. M.
Published: October 2006

The 3- to 4-micron spectra of Mars, recorded with the 200-inch telescope in 1958, were reexamined in order to ascertain whether the minima at 3.58 and 3.69 microns are due to telluric HDO molecules. Solar spectra obtained at Denver and water vapor abundances derived from radiosonde flights during the observing period were used. There seems to be a correlation between the intensities of the 3.58- and 3.69-micron features and the amount of telluric water vapor in the optical path. An important corollary is that there is no evidence for attributing these spectral features to Mars.
Polymorphic Spermatozoa in the Hymenopterous Wasp
Dahlbominus
Authors: Lee Peter E. , Wilkes A.
Published: October 2006

Studies with the light and electron microscope reveal that at least five different types of spermatozoa are produced during spermatogenesis in the arrhenotokous hymenopteran.
Dahlbominus fusciupennis
(Zett. Eulophidae). Two of the types differ from the others in length, one type lacks a continuous spiral helix in the head piece, and two differ from the others in the direction of the helical coil. Few of the first three types reach the female sperm-storage organ. All the spermatozoa of the last two types that do reach the storage organ have heads with either dextral or sinistral helices extending from the apex of the head to the beginning of the tail piece. The mitochondrial filaments of the tail are also spirally coiled around the central axial filament, but only in a dextral direction. It is suggested that the coiling dimorphism may be related to fertilization of the egg and may thus affect the sex ratio.
Disappearance of a Genetic Marker from a Cytoplasmic Hybrid Plasmodium of a True Slime Mold
Authors: Kerr Norman S.
Published: October 2006

Two strains of the true slime mold
Didymium nigripes
form distinctive plaques when their spores are plated clonally. Strain C6 gives rise to plaques surrounded by large plasmodia. Plaques of strain A20 at first contain only amoebas, the formation of plasmodia being delayed; and strain A20 is resistant to cycloheximide. Plasmodia of C6 and A20 were fused, and at intervals the fused plasmodia were cut into segments and each segment was permitted to fruit. The resulting spores were plated clonally and the plaques scored as C6-type or A20-type. When equal-sized C6 and A20 plasmodia were fused, the A20 characteristic of delayed plasmodium formation disappeared with time so that after 8 hours few A20 plaques could be recovered even from the A20 side of the fused plasmodium. When the ratio between sizes of C6 and A20 plasmodia to be fused was varied, similar results were obtained. The A20 characteristic did not disappear until fruiting.
Involvement of Thymus in Immune Response of Rabbits to Somatic Polysaccharides of Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Landy Maurice , Sanderson Ronald P. , Bernstein Michael T. , Lerner Edwin M.
Published: October 2006

Plaque-forming cells elaborating antibody specific for
Salmonella enteritidis
somatic antigen have been demonstrated in the thymus of rabbits 5 days after a single systemic injection of a minute amount of this bacterial polysaccharide. A marked decrease in organ weight and loss of thymic cellularity was also seen, and was most pronounced at the time when antibody-forming cells made their appearance.
Cyclic Structure of Adenovirus DNA
Authors: Smith Kendall O.
Published: October 2006

The deoxyribonucleic acids of adenovirus types 2, 7, and 12 were extracted and examined in the electron microscope. Cyclic forms of the molecules were found to exist in each viral type. The lengths of cyclic strands extracted from the most dense fraction of purified particles of adenovirus type 2 were highly variable, averaging about 2.5 microns. This corresponds to a molecular weight of about 5 million.
Cationic Glass Electrode Response in Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Chloride and Potassium Chloride
Authors: Moore Edward W. , Ross James W.
Published: October 2006

The selectivity of glass electrodes suitable for potassium-ion measurements depends on the age of electrodes and the composition of the solution. An empirical equation describing the electrode potential as a function of solution composition is given for practical application in solutions containing both sodium and potassium.
Precambrian Graphitic Compressions of Possible Biologic Origin from Canada
Authors: Stinchcomb Bruce L. , Levin Harold L. , Echols Dorothy J.
Published: October 2006

Further occurrences of elliptical graphitic bodies of possible biologic origin have been recovered from Proterozoic black shales of the Labrador Trough, Quebec. The bodies are plausibly organic because of constancy of form, manner of fossilization, and similarities to Michigan forms associated with extractable organic compounds.
Leukemia in Husbands and Wives
Authors: Milham Samuel
Published: October 2006

Study of the death certificates of 876 spouses of widows and widowers who died of leukemia revealed that seven of the spouses also died of leukemia. However, five cases of leukemia were identified among matched controls of the spouses. The incidence of leukemia in husbands and wives of individuals who die of leukemia is not significantly greater than that of a control group. This is consistent with the hypothesis that adult leukemia is not contagious in the usual sense.
Structure of 9,9,10,10-Tetrachloroanthracene
Authors: Yannoni N. F. , Krukonis A. P. , Silverman J.
Published: October 2006

The crystal structure of 9,9,10,10-tetrachloroanthracene has been determined by x-ray analysis. The structure is characterized by dovetailed packing of crystallographically independent molecules. The anthracene skeletons are planar, and the molecules have approximately
D

2
h

symmetry. Bond distances and angles are summarized and the stereochemical implications of the results are discussed.
Puromycin: Effect on Messenger RNA Synthesis and β-Galactosidase Formation in
Escherichia coli
15T
-
Authors: Sells Bruce H.
Published: October 2006

Incubation of
Escherichia coli
15T
-
in the presence of puromycin inhibits the inducible formation of β-galactosidase to a greater extent than it inhibits protein synthesis. In
E. coli
33.00 β-galactosidase formation is also more sensitive to the presence of puromycin than is protein synthesis. In the presence of glycerol (but not in its absence) puromycin prevents the production of messenger RNA for β-galactosidase, presumably as a result of catabolite repression.
Peptides Attached to Thrombin: Their Influence on Proteolysis
Authors: Landaburu Ricardo H. , Abdala Osvaldo , Morrone Jorge
Published: October 2006

During the activation of prothrombin at least two peptides are split off the molecule. These peptides become attached to thrombin, changing its proteolytic activity. Depending on the peptide adsorbed the endopeptidase activity of thrombin increases or diminishes. Acidification of thrombin by acetylation of amino groups uncovers the influence of peptides on the properties of thrombin.
Lactate Dehydrogenases in Trout: Evidence for a Third Subunit
Authors: Goldberg Erwin
Published: October 2006

Various tissues of the brook trout contain as many as nine forms of lactate dehydrogenase, an indication that at least three polypeptide subunits synthesized under the control of three nonallelic genes take part in the lactate dehydrogenase composition of this species. There was no evidence of a spermatozoan-specific lactate dehydrogenase.
Observable Changes of Hypotheses under Positive Reinforcement
Authors: Suppes Patrick , Schlag-Rey Madeleine
Published: October 2006

In mathematical models of concept learning it has consistently been assumed that positive reinforcement cannot lead to a change of the hypothesis determining the overt response. When hypotheses are experimentally identified and recorded along with positive and negative reinforcements of stimulus-response pairs, it can be shown that hypotheses may change after a positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement has an information content for subjects that has not yet been adequately recognized in concept formation studies.
Drosophila
Phenol Oxidases
Authors: Mitchell Herschel K. , Weber Ursula M.
Published: October 2006

The phenol oxidase systems of
Drosophila melanogaster
arise from at least four protein components. One A component plus the P preparation yields tyrosinase, while the other two (A
2
and A
3
) yield primarily 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidases. Probably the four components represent specialized subunits of the oxidases produced.
Galvanic Skin Reflex in Newborn Humans
Authors: Crowell David H. , Davis Christopher M. , Chun Barbara J. , Spellacy Frank J.
Published: October 2006

Psychophysiological recordings of reactivity to light and sound and to tactile and olfactory stimulation demonstrate that the galvanic skin reflex is an observable and functional mechanism in the 20- to 67-hour-old newborn human.
Passive Transfer of the Action of Freund's Adjuvant by Serum of Rabbits Injected with the Adjuvant
Authors: Dawe D. L. , Segre D. , Myers W. L.
Published: October 2006

Serum collected at intervals from rabbits treated with Freund's complete adjuvant was injected together with fluid diphtheria toxoid into recipient rabbits. Control rabbits received toxoid alone or toxoid mixed with serum of untreated donors. There was no antibody response in the controls or in recipients of serum obtained from donors 3 days after adjuvant treatment. Recipients of serum obtained from donors 1 to 9 weeks after adjuvant treatment responded with antibody formation. The magnitude of the response of recipients was correlated with the increase in γ-globulin concentration in the serums of the corresponding donor rabbits. Passive transfer of adjuvant action indicates that a serum factor, possibly natural antibody, is partially responsible for the immunity-enhancing activity of Freund's adjuvant.
Pancreatic Secretion Induced by Stimulation of the Pyloric Gland Area of the Stomach
Authors: Preshaw R. M. , Cooke A. R. , Grossman M. I.
Published: October 2006

Pure gastrin I of Gregory and Tracy stimulated secretion not only of gastric acid but also of pancreatic fluid and protein material. Similarly, endogenous release of gastrin from a transplanted pouch of the pyloric gland area of the stomach, initiated by irrigation with solutions of acetylcholine, stimulated gastric acid secretion and pancreatic flow and protein output in dogs with fistulas of both organs. The effect on the pancreas, like that on the stomach, was inhibited by acidification of the acetylcholine solution.
Onward the Management of Science: The Wooldridge Report
Authors: Cooper Joseph D.
Published: October 2006

Progress is being made, undoubtedly, in the development of mechanisms for assessing federal science operations. One must conclude, however, that the Wooldridge Committee approach does not serve as a model for the future. The committee did not avoid built-in biases of interested parties in selecting its advisory panels. It did not publish the criteria it used in making assessments of research performance. It did not propose alternative actions. It did not provide adequate documentation either to support its own findings and recommendations or to enable readers to make independent assessments.
Alkyl Iodide-Iodine Exchange and the Szilard-Chalmers Effect
Authors: Cohen E. D. , Trumbore C. N.
Published: October 2006

The rate of isotopic exchange between liquid ethyl iodide and dissolved iodine is of zero order with respect to iodine concentration. Apparent isotopic exchange is thus very rapid at low concentrations of iodine, and previously reported values of organic "retention," obtained in studies of (
n
, γ) recoil in alkyl iodide, are placed in doubt.
Holocene Submergence of the Eastern Shore of Virginia
Authors: Newman Walter S. , Rusnak Gene A.
Published: October 2006

Radiocarbon ages of basal peats 4500 years old or younger and the thickness of salt-marsh peat in the lagoon east of Wachapreague, Virginia, are nearly the same as those of equivalent samples from New Jersey and Cape Cod. This suggests that these coasts have had similar submergence histories. Data obtained from the coasts of Connecticut and northeastern Massachusetts indicate that the Atlantic coast of the United States has been differentially warped during the later Holocene.
Radiocarbon Age of a Nevada Mummy
Authors: Orr Phil C. , Berger Rainer
Published: October 2006

Skin tissue, bone collagen, and vegetal clothing from a well-preserved Indian mummy from a dry cave in Nevada have been analyzed radiochemically. The age is about 2500 years; the ages obtained for the various samples were in close agreement.
Homograft Rabbit Skin Protection by Phenothiazine Derivatives
Authors: Eyal Zwi , Warwick Warren J. , Mayo Charles H. , Lillehei Richard C.
Published: October 2006

Rejection of homografts of rabbit skin can be delayed by treatment with either chlorpromazine, perphenazine, or promethazine. Promethazine can also delay rejection of second-set homografts. The membrane protective action of these phenothiazine derivatives appears to be the most likely mechanism of this activity.
Paired Comparison Method for Measurement of Sugar Preference in Squirrel Monkeys
Authors: Wagner Mahlon W. , Green Kenneth F. , Manley Myron B.
Published: October 2006

The glucose preference of four squirrel monkeys was determined by presenting 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-percent solutions according to the paired comparison method. Scaling of the data for the amounts of each solution consumed yielded a preference function which increased monotonically with the concentration of the solutions.
Io-Related Radio Emission from Jupiter
Authors: Dulk George A.
Published: October 2006

As evidenced by spectra of Jupiter's decametric radio emissions from 1960 through 1964, Jupiter's satellite Io acts to induce much of the emission and influences the spectral character of the emission. The emission pattern of Io-related emission is derived, and possible interaction mechanisms to explain the Io effect are discussed.
Radiation Resistance in Lipovirus-Altered Human Cells
Authors: Little John B. , Chang R. Shihman
Published: October 2006

Human cells altered by infection with the "lipovirus," a transmissible cytopathic agent, are highly resistant to ionizing radiation. Whereas about 500 roentgens will inhibit cell multiplication in normal cells, more than 500,000 roentgens are required to produce a similar effect in the altered cells. This gross change in cellular radiosensitivity may provide a useful system for studying in vitro the mechanisms of inhibition of cell division by radiation.
Insulin: Inducer of Pyruvate Kinase
Authors: Weber George , Stamm Nancy B. , Fisher Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2006

The hepatic pyruvate kinase activity markedly decreased when rats were made diabetic by alloxan injection. Insulin treatment induced new synthesis of pyruvate kinase which was prevented by injection of ethionine and actinomycin D. The evidence indicated that the increased pyruvate kinase activity induced by insulin entails at a certain stage a stimulation of the synthesis of certain RNA species relevant to the production of this enzyme.
Lipase: Localization in Adipose Tissue
Authors: Moskowitz Merle S. , Moskowitz Audrey A.
Published: October 2006

Certain problems usually associated with the histochemistry of lipases are obviated by a technique that utilizes the endogenous blood chylomicrons and the cellular stores of triglyceride as substrates for the histochemical demonstration of lipolytic enzyme activity
in situ
. In spreads of mesenteric adipose tissue, the technique makes it possible to distinguish between lipoprotein lipase activity at sites in the capillaries and lipolysis occurring in the adipocytes. The selective anatomic localization of the lipase reaction correlated with the functional state of the tissue, and the absence of reaction product in control mesenteries from starved mice or in heat-inactivated controls, support the validity of this histochemical reaction.
Activity in Mammalian Peripheral Nerves during Supercooling
Authors: Miller L. Keith
Published: October 2006

Excised peripheral nerves from several species of mammals from interior Alaska continue to operate when supercooled to temperatures as low as -6°C. In some nerves, spontaneous freezing begins before activity ceases. If the nerves are not allowed to remain in a partially or completely frozen state for a prolonged period they will regain their activity when rewarmed.
Ribosomes from
Escherichia coli
: Lack of Specificity for Viral RNA
Authors: Dahlberg James E. , Haselkorn Robert
Published: October 2006

The class of ribosomes from
Escherichia coli
that associate with plant virus RNA in vitro can be separated from the bulk of ribosomes by gradient centrifugation. The relative activity for subsequent incorporation of amino acid into polypeptides directed by the viral RNA in comparison to that directed by polyuridylic acid is the same for that class as for the bulk of ribosomes.
Alcohol Dehydrogenase in
Drosophila melanogaster
: Isozymes and Genetic Variants
Authors: Grell E. H. , Jacobson K. Bruce , Murphy J. B.
Published: October 2006

Alcohol dehydrogenase, in
Drosophila melanogaster
homozygous for the alleles
Adh
F
or
Adh
S
, is found in three electrophoretically different forms.
Adh
F
differs from
Adh
S
in that isozymes with faster electrophoretic mobilities are present. In
Adh
F
/
Adh
S
heterozygotes, hybrid isozymes as well as the parental isozymes are present, indicating that the dehydrogenase may exist as a dimer of two polypeptide subunits. The gene,
Adh
, is located on the second chromosome, with a map position of 50.1 and a cytological position between 34E3 and 35D1.
Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminases in Reticulocytes and Erythrocytes
Authors: Nisselbaum J. S. , Bodansky Oscar
Published: October 2006

In rabbits, mature erythrocytes contain only the anionic isozyme of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase. Reticulocytosis induced by massive bleeding or by treatment with acetylphenylhydrazine is characterized by a five- to sixfold increase in red-cell transaminase and the appearance of a cationic transaminase isozyme that apparently resides in the mitochondrial fraction of reticulocytes.
Primary Lysosomes in
Tetrahymena pyriformis
Authors: Elliott Alfred M.
Published: October 2006

Primary lysosomes have been identified in the protozoon
Tetrahymena pyriformis
, and some evidence from their ultrastructure is offered for their origin.
Room Temperature Slip in Titanium Diboride Produced by High Pressure
Authors: Vahldiek F. W. , Mersol S. A. , Lynch C. T.
Published: October 2006

Prismatic slip occurs in polycrystalline titanium diboride after applying 5 to 15 kilobars of hydrostatic pressure. Specimens were subjected to these pressures inside silver chloride matrices by means of a simple cylindrical piston device. The slip was of the type {101̅0} <112̅0>. Microhardness indentations produced similar results.
Tension Gradients Accompanying Accelerated Oxygen Transport in a Membrane
Authors: Scholander P. F.
Published: October 2006

Facilitated transport of oxygen through hemoglobin has been studied by use of a membrane sandwich of hemoglobin, Teflon, and water. Transport is enhanced only when there is a hemoglobin-bound-O
2
gradient in the pigment. When passing through a fully oxygenated layer, the accelerated transport is carried by an increased diffusion gradient of oxygen pressure through the solvent. The results substantiate experimentally the diffusion gradients proposed by Zilversmit.
Protein Synthesis by Ribosomes from Heart Muscle: Effect of Insulin and Diabetes
Authors: Rampersad Oliver R. , Wool Ira G.
Published: October 2006

Incorporation of phenylalanine into protein by ribosomes from the heart muscle of rats is decreased when the ribosomes are from alloxan-diabetic animals. Protein synthesis is increased when the ribosomes are obtained from nondiabetic animals 1 hour after treatment with insulin. The change due to insulin appears to be an alteration in the function of the ribosome.
Actinomycin D and Hydrocortisone: Intracellular Binding in Rat Liver
Authors: Dingman C. W. , Sporn M. B.
Published: October 2006

DNA was found to be the major intracellular binding site for labeled actinomycin D administered in vivo. In analogous studies, hydrocortisone did not bind to nuclear structures. Furthermore, following the administration of actinomycin D, a highly positive correlation was found between the RNA content of the nucleus and the ability of the nucleus to synthesize RNA.
Mercurial-Induced Transformation of Myosin Prevented by Adenosine Triphosphate and Pyrophosphate
Authors: Kominz David R.
Published: October 2006

Adenosine triphosphate and pyrophosphate prevent the loss of Ca
++
-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity caused by high concentrations of mercurial sulfhydryl reagent. They concomitantly prevent the transformation of myosin into faster-sedimenting products. This is adduced as support for the hypothesis that the strategic sulfhydryl group is not binding adenosine triphosphate at the active site, but is initiating a conformational change upon its reaction with the mercurial reagent.
Hemolysin Production in the Development of Staphylococcal Lesions
Authors: Foster Eugene A.
Published: October 2006

The presence of hemolysin in staphylococcal lesions of the rabbit kidney was detected by overlaying sections of kidney with blood agar. Hemolytic activity against rabbit, human, sheep, calf, and guinea pig erythrocytes was present and was not abolished by heating the sections to 60°C for 30 minutes. In developing lesions, hemolytic activity appeared before necrosis or exudation.
Triploidy in a Human Cell Line
Authors: Regan J. D. , Smith J. B.
Published: October 2006

Cytogenetic studies of a human amnion cell line (strain RA) indicate that the major stem cell was triploid. Consistently present in the triploid cells were two marker chromosomes, a small centric fragment, and an apparently telocentric D. At various times triploid cells constituted 40 to 80 percent of the cell population. The possible origin of the triploid cell is a diploid/ triploid mosaic amnion.
Messenger RNA in Early Sea-Urchin Embryos: Size Classes
Authors: Nemer Martin , Infante Anthony A.
Published: October 2006

Rapidly labeled RNA from four-cell embryos and blastulae of sea urchins was analyzed by sedimentation and for ability to form DNA-RNA hybrids. The RNA was derived from polyribosomes and from the "gel interphase," an extraction compartment resulting from treatment of whole embryos with phenol and known to be enriched with nuclei. The RNA from both sources displayed a high degree of structural complementarity to DNA. This DNA-like RNA of the polyribosomes sedimented in discrete classes, rather than in the sedimentation continuum demonstrable for the labeled RNA of the gel interphase. Thus messenger RNA appears to emerge in the cytoplasm in discrete size classes.
Morphogenetic Effects of 6-Azauracil and 6-Azauridine
Authors: Rizki Rose M. , Rizki T. M.
Published: October 2006

When 6-azauracil and 6-azauridine are fed to larvae of the

tu
w
rc

strain of
Drosophila melanogaster
which has the normal wing shape, adults hatch with shortened, obliquely truncated wings. This wing shape resembles that of the mutant dumpy. On the other hand, administration of these drugs to the mutant dumpy strain increases wing length, and flies with normal wings are obtained.
Radioactivity: Distribution from Cratering in Basalt
Authors: Bonner Norman A. , Miskel John A.
Published: October 2006

Samples of airborne and ground-deposited debris produced by an experiment in nuclear excavation were analyzed to determine the fate of various radioactive nuclides. A few tenths percent of the nonvolatile species and 10 to 20 percent of the volatile species escaped beyond the immediate vicinity of the crater.
Nicotine: Effect on the Sleep Cycle of the Cat
Authors: Domino Edward F. , Yamamoto Ken-ichi
Published: October 2006

Small doses of nicotine (0.005 to 0.01 milligram per kilogram of body weight) given intravenously to sleeping cats with indwelling brain electrodes produce (i) initial electroencephalographic activation which was accompanied by behavioral arousal; (ii) a few minutes later, slow-wave sleep; and (iii) within 15 to 30 minutes, fast-wave sleep. Although peripheral afferent stimulation, release of epinephrine, and arginine vasopressin contribute to the initial arousal effects, the primary action of nicotine appears to be on the central nervous system.
Potassium-Argon Age from a Granite at Mount Wilbur, Queen Maud Range, Antarctica
Authors: Minshew Velon H.
Published: October 2006

The basement complex of the Robert Scott Glacier area, Queen Maud Range, Antarctica, consists of a complex suite of metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks intruded by light gray biotite granite. Brown biotite from a granite at Mount Wilbur was dated by the potassium-argon method at 470 ± 14 million years; this age coincides closely with many other ages from granitic rocks in the Transantarctic Mountains.
Uptake as a Determinant of Methotrexate Response in Mouse Leukemias
Authors: Kessel David , Hall Thomas C. , Roberts DeWayne , Wodjnsky Isidore
Published: October 2006

Methotrexate-promoted survival of mice bearing different transplantable leukemias was compared with uptake of the drug by leukemia cells in vitro. A high degree of correlation (
r
2
= 0.88) showed that uptake may be a major determinant of the antitumor activity of methotrexate against transplantable mouse leukemias.
Rotational Symmetry in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus and Models
Authors: Breese S. S. , Trautman R. , Bachrach H. L.
Published: October 2006

With small, animal viruses for which electron-microscope images show little penetration by negative stain, the rotation technique for structure determination is useful. Foot-and-mouth disease virus resembles a 32-unit model when rotational images of virus and models simulating virus in negative stain are compared.
Submaxillary Gland of Mouse: Effects of a Fraction on Tissues of Mesodermal Origin in vitro
Authors: Attardi D. Gandini , Levi-Montalcini R. , Wenger B. S. , Angeletti P. U.
Published: October 2006

A macromolecular fraction from mouse salivary glands markedly enhances growth of mesenchymal tissues in vitro. The same fraction causes dedifferentiation of tissues of mesodermal origin, such as muscle and cartilage. Dedifferentiated tissues do not divide but survive in good condition, while controls in the same cultural media undergo regressive changes.
Mescaline, 3,4-Dimethoxyphenylethylamine, and Adrenaline: Sites of Electroencephalographic Arousal
Authors: Takeo Yuji , Himwich Harold E.
Published: October 2006

Transections of the brain of rabbit reveal that electroencephalographic arousal produced by injections of adrenaline takes place at the midbrain level, while mescaline and 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine induce such arousal lower in the brainstem, at the medullary level.
Mammalian Retina: Associational Nerve Cells in Ganglion Cell Layer
Authors: Gallego A. , Cruz J.
Published: October 2006

A new type of cell has been found in the ganglion cell layer of the retinas of dogs and humans. Its axon and its terminal branches are intraretinal. From its structure it appears that this cell might play an associational role at the level of the ganglion cells.
Food Safety Program: Endrin Monitoring in the Mississippi River
Authors: Novak Arthur F. , Rao M. R. Ramachandra
Published: October 2006

Twelve successive monthly samplings and analyses of representative fish and shellfish and of mud and water from the lower Mississippi River showed neither a high concentration of endrin nor a time-ordered change in the concentration. The general absence of endrin from the samples indicated no significant contamination.
Genotype and Prenatal and Premating Stress Interact To Affect Adult Behavior in Rats
Authors: Joffe J. M.
Published: October 2006

Open-field ambulation scores of rats were affected by stress received by their mothers prior to mating, whereas avoidance-conditioning scores were affected only by gestational stress. The direction of effects on ambulation depended upon offspring genotype, while those depending on conditioning were unidirectional. Both effects were mediated prenatally by the mother.
Sulfur Mustard: Reaction with L-Cells Treated with 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine
Authors: Walker I. G.
Published: October 2006

After exposure to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, L-cells are considerably more sensitive to the lethal effect of sulfur mustard than after they have been released from this block by addition of thymidine and allowed to proceed into the G2 phase of the division cycle. Nevertheless, for both populations, the amounts of mustard bound per cell and per nucleus (expressed as the amount of mustard per unit of protein) were the same. Likewise, the amounts of mustard bound per unit of DNA were the same for both populations.