bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Quantile Analysis of Plateau and Driving Pressures: Effects on Mortality in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Receiving Lung-Protective Ventilation*
Authors: Villar Jesús , Martín-Rodríguez Carmen , Domínguez-Berrot Ana M. , Fernández Lorena , Ferrando Carlos , Soler Juan A. , Díaz-Lamas Ana M. , González-Higueras Elena , Nogales Leonor , Ambrós Alfonso , Carriedo Demetrio , Hernández Mónica , Martínez Domingo , Blanco Jesús , Belda Javier , Parrilla Dácil , Suárez-Sipmann Fernando , Tarancón Concepción , Mora-Ordoñez Juan M. , Blanch Lluís , Pérez-Méndez Lina , Fernández Rosa L. , Kacmarek Robert M.
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

The driving pressure (plateau pressure minus positive end-expiratory pressure) has been suggested as the major determinant for the beneficial effects of lung-protective ventilation. We tested whether driving pressure was superior to the variables that define it in predicting outcome in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Design:

A secondary analysis of existing data from previously reported observational studies.

Setting:

A network of ICUs.

Patients:

We studied 778 patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Interventions:

None.

Measurements and Main Results:

We assessed the risk of hospital death based on quantiles of tidal volume, positive end-expiratory pressure, plateau pressure, and driving pressure evaluated at 24 hours after acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnosis while ventilated with standardized lung-protective ventilation. We derived our model using individual data from 478 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients and assessed its replicability in a separate cohort of 300 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure had no impact on mortality. We identified a plateau pressure cut-off value of 29 cm H2O, above which an ordinal increment was accompanied by an increment of risk of death. We identified a driving pressure cut-off value of 19 cm H2O where an ordinal increment was accompanied by an increment of risk of death. When we cross tabulated patients with plateau pressure less than 30 and plateau pressure greater than or equal to 30 with those with driving pressure less than 19 and driving pressure greater than or equal to 19, plateau pressure provided a slightly better prediction of outcome than driving pressure in both the derivation and validation cohorts (p < 0.0000001).

Conclusions:

Plateau pressure was slightly better than driving pressure in predicting hospital death in patients managed with lung-protective ventilation evaluated on standardized ventilator settings 24 hours after acute respiratory distress syndrome onset.
Evidence-Based Principles for Using Technology-Enhanced Learning in the Continuing Professional Development of Health Professionals
Authors: Scott Karen M. , Baur Louise , Barrett Jenny
Published: March 2017

Increasingly, health professional training involves the use of educational technologies through what is broadly termed “Technology-Enhanced Learning” (TEL). TEL includes hardware, such as computers and mobile devices, and software, such as software applications (apps), learning management systems, and discussion boards. For many years, TEL has formed an integral part of health professional programs and is growing in acceptance, if not expectation, in postgraduate training and continuing education. TEL generally aims to be flexible, engaging, learner focused and interactive, and may involve collaboration and communication. It offers many benefits for learning and teaching, whether used on its own or in conjunction with face-to-face teaching through blended learning. The ubiquity of mobile devices in clinical settings means TEL is ideal for busy clinicians, both as learners and teachers. TEL enables participants to learn at a time and place that is convenient to them, so learners living in geographically dispersed locations can access standardized courses. To realize these potential benefits, we recommend that those developing TEL programs for health professionals take a systematic approach to planning, development, implementation, and evaluation. To that end, we propose 10 principles: clarify purpose and conduct a needs assessment; allocate adequate time and technology; incorporate proven approaches to improve learning; consider the need for a skills component; enable interaction between learners and with others; create different resources for different groups; pilot before implementing; incorporate measures to retain learners; provide opportunities for revision to aid retention; and evaluate learning outcomes, not just satisfaction.
Diabetes Care in Brazil
Authors: Tomasi Elaine , Cesar Maria Aurora Dropa Chrestani , Neves Rosália Garcia , Schmidt Paulo Ricardo Correa , Thumé Elaine , da Silveira Denise Silva , Siqueira Fernando Carlos Vinholes , Nunes Bruno Pereira , Fassa Anaclaudia Gastal , Saes Mirelle de Oliveira , Duro Suele Manjourany Silva , Volz Pamela Moraes , Facchini Luiz Augusto
Published: March 2017

This article describes the primary health care offered to 8118 service users with diabetes in Brazil based on data from the PMAQ (Program to Improve Primary Care Access and Quality) first survey. Structure, access, service organization and management, and clinical care quality were analyzed. Prevalence of self-reported receipt of appropriate treatment was 14.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.4-15.2). Following adjustment, it was 26% higher (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04-1.54) when primary health care centers had all the structure items investigated, it was 13% higher (PR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.00-1.29) when the teams' work process for service organization and management was adequate and it was 14% higher (PR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.00-1.30) when the teams' clinical practice was adequate.
Primary Health Care and Cervical Cancer Mortality Rates in Brazil
Authors: Rocha Thiago Augusto Hernandes , Silva Núbia Cristina da , Thomaz Erika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca , Queiroz Rejane Christine de Sousa , Souza Marta Rovery de , Lein Adriana , Rocha João Victor Muniz , Alvares Viviane , Almeida Dante Grapiuna de , Barbosa Allan Claudius Queiroz , Thumé Elaine , Staton Catherine , Vissoci João Ricardo Nickenig , Facchini Luiz Augusto
Published: March 2017

Cervical cancer is a common neoplasm that is responsible for nearly 230 000 deaths annually in Brazil. Despite this burden, cervical cancer is considered preventable with appropriate care. We conducted a longitudinal ecological study from 2002 to 2012 to examine the relationship between the delivery of preventive primary care and cervical cancer mortality rates in Brazil. Brazilian states and the federal district were the unit of analysis (N = 27). Results suggest that primary health care has contributed to reducing cervical cancer mortality rates in Brazil; however, the full potential of preventive care has yet to be realized.
Evaluation of Primary Health Care Units in the Rio De Janeiro City According to the Results of PMAQ 2012
Authors: Mello Langs de Arantes Ferreira de , Tonini Teresa , Sousa da Silva Alexandre , Dutt-Ross Steven , de Souza Velasque Luciane
Published: March 2017

To assess the quality of the primary health care network, the Ministry of Health created the Program for Improving Access and Quality in Primary Care (PMAQ), a national evaluation of family health teams. Thus, this study aims to present the geolocation of PMAQ 2012 quality indicators in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The PMAQ data show that, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, 65% of the teams achieved the performances “good” or “excellent,” 34.7% “regular,” and 0.3% “unsatisfactory.” The results show a clear PMAQ polarization between teams units classified as optimal and regular in program areas 5 and 3, respectively.
Hyperuricemia is not associated with severity of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jaruvongvanich Veeravich , Ahuja Wasin , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Ungprasert Patompong
Published: March 2017

Background

Uric acid is a natural antioxidant. Previous studies have suggested a protective role of hyperuricemia against liver fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the results were conflicting.

Methods

MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched through August 2016 for studies that investigated the association between hyperuricemia and fibrosis stage among patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. Pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a random-effects model, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. The between-study heterogeneity of effect size was quantified using the Q statistic and I
2.

Results

A total of five observational studies with 749 NAFLD patients were identified. Patients with NAFLD who had hyperuricemia were not significantly more likely or less likely to have advanced liver fibrosis (defined as fibrosis stage of ≥3) compared with patients with NAFLD who had normal serum uric with the pooled odds ratio of 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.34–1.53). The statistical heterogeneity was low with an I
2 of 22% (P
heterogeneity=0.27).

Conclusion

Significant protective role of hyperuricemia against the development of advanced liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD was not observed in this meta-analysis.
A Cross-sectional Study on Evidence-Based Nursing Practice in the Contemporary Hospital Setting
Authors: Rose Bovino Leonie , Aquila Anne M. , Bartos Susan , McCurry Tina , Cunningham C. Elizabeth , Lane Todd , Rogucki Nicole , DosSantos Jamie , Moody Danielle , Mealia-Ospina Karen , Pust-Marcone Jancee , Quiles Jonathan
Published: March 2017

Evidence indicates that nurses inconsistently engage in evidence-based practice (EBP). This cross-sectional study of 402 nurses at a medical-surgical hospital identifies strategies for augmenting EBP. Nurses’ EBP beliefs scores were higher than their EBP implementation scores. Those with baccalaureate/postgraduate degrees had higher EBP beliefs and implementation scores than those with associate degrees or diplomas. Bedside or direct care nurses were less likely to have baccalaureate/higher degrees and had lower EBP beliefs and implementation scores than did those nurses not serving in direct care roles.
Interprofessional Mass Casualty Incident Simulation Design Protocol to Prepare Prelicensure Nursing Students to Respond to a Disaster
Authors: Strout Kelley , Saber Deborah A. , Caruso Lisa Swanson , Ingwell-Spolan Charlene , Koplovsky Aiden , Caron Erica M. , Federico Jennifer , Hulst Colin , Etro Isabella
Published: March 2017

Nurses need to be prepared to respond to mass casualty incidents. Simulation is an ideal teaching intervention that can be used to prepare nursing students to effectively triage patients and allocate limited resources. This article describes a detailed interprofessional mass casualty simulation of a bus crash with 32 victims. Nursing students trained with emergency responders with students acting as charge nurses throughout the simulation. The details of the simulation are provided for faculty to replicate.
A Peer-Delivered Educational Intervention to Improve Nursing Student Cyberprofessionalism
Authors: Marnocha Suzanne , Marnocha Mark , Cleveland Rebecca , Lambie Christina , Limberg Cassandra Y. , Wnuk Jacqueline
Published: March 2017

Previous research documents online unprofessionalism among nursing students. The current study assessed the effects of a peer-facilitated social media education session on changes in attitudes and knowledge among recently admitted prelicensure nursing students. Uncertain or incorrect attitudes and knowledge showed significant improvements after the session. Such interventions may enhance cyberprofessionalism in future student cohorts and warrant further exploration.
Discovery and reporting of clinically-relevant germline variants in advanced cancer patients assessed using whole-exome sequencing
Authors: Zhang Tuo , Romanel Alessandro , Eng Kenneth W. , Rennert Hanna , Tan Adrian Y. , Xue Yaohua , Cyrta Joanna , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Sboner Andrea , Iossifov Ivan , Lipkin Steven M. , Xiang Jenny , Feng Xiaojun , Nelson Peter , Beltran Himisha , Pritchard Colin C. , Rubin Mark A. , Demichelis Francesca , Elemento Olivier
Published: March 2017

Purpose

In precision cancer care, WES-based analysis of tumor-normal samples helps reveal somatic alterations but can also identify cancer-associated germline variants important for disease surveillance, treatment choice and cancer prevention. WES can also identify germline secondary findings impacting risk of cardiac, neurodegenerative or metabolic diseases. In patients with advanced cancer, the frequency of reportable secondary findings encountered with WES is not well defined.

Methods

To address this question, we analyzed a cohort of 343 patients with advanced, metastatic cancer for whom we have performed tumor and germline WES interrogating more than 21,000 genes using a CLIA/CLEP approved assay.

Results

17% of patients in our cohort have one or more reportable germline variants, including patients with pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The frequency of non-cancer clinically relevant germline variants (8.8%) was within the range of two control non-cancer cohorts (11.0% and 6.5%). The frequency of variants in cancer-associated genes was significantly higher (p<0.0005) in our advanced cancer cohort (8.2%) compared to control cohorts (2.7% and 3.8%). More than 50% of patients with reportable germline cancer variants had a family history of cancer.

Conclusion

these results stress the importance of returning germline results found during somatic genomic tumor testing.
Time-delayed biodiversity feedbacks and the sustainability of social-ecological systems
Authors: Lafuite A.-S. , Loreau M.
Published: March 2017

The sustainability of coupled social-ecological systems (SESs) hinges on their long-term ecological dynamics. Land conversion generates extinction and functioning debts, i.e. a time-delayed loss of species and associated ecosystem services. Sustainability theory, however, has not so far considered the long-term consequences of these ecological debts on SESs. We investigate this question using a dynamical model that couples human demography, technological change and biodiversity. Human population growth drives land conversion, which in turn reduces biodiversity-dependent ecosystem services to agricultural production (ecological feedback). Technological change brings about a demographic transition leading to a population equilibrium. When the ecological feedback is delayed in time, some SESs experience population overshoots followed by large reductions in biodiversity, human population size and well-being, which we call environmental crises. Using a sustainability criterion that captures the vulnerability of an SES to such crises, we show that some of the characteristics common to modern SESs (e.g. high production efficiency and labor intensity, concave-down ecological relationships) are detrimental to their long-term sustainability. Maintaining sustainability thus requires strong counteracting forces, such as the demographic transition and land-use management. To this end, we provide integrative sustainability thresholds for land conversion, biodiversity loss and human population size - each threshold being related to the others through the economic, technological, demographic and ecological parameters of the SES. Numerical simulations show that remaining within these sustainable boundaries prevents environmental crises from occurring. By capturing the long-term ecological and socioeconomic drivers of SESs, our theoretical approach proposes a new way to define integrative conservation objectives that ensure the long-term sustainability of our planet.
Quantifying the entropic cost of cellular growth control
Authors: De Martino Daniele , Capuani Fabrizio , De Martino Andrea
Published: March 2017

We quantify the amount of regulation required to control growth in living cells by a Maximum Entropy approach to the space of underlying metabolic states described by genome-scale models. Results obtained forE. coliand human cells are consistent with experiments and point to different regulatory strategies by which growth can be fostered or repressed. Moreover we explicitly connect the ‘inverse temperature’ that controls MaxEnt distributions to the growth dynamics, showing that the initial size of a colony may be crucial in determining how an exponentially growing population organizes the phenotypic space.
Digital description model of a three-dimensional arrangement structure of conductive fiber of electromagnetic shielding fabric
Authors: Wang Xiuchen , Li Yaping , Su Ying , Pan Zhen , Liu Zhe
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The three-dimensional arrangement structure of the conductive fiber is an important factor of the shielding effectiveness of the electromagnetic shielding fabric (EMSF). However, until now, the three-dimensional arrangement structure has not been described because of the complex structure, which leads to many difficulties for the subsequent analysis of the electromagnetic characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a feature extraction method to describe the arrangement structure of the conductive fiber based on the three-dimensional calibration and image processing technology, providing a new idea for the above problem.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the three-dimensional positions of the conductive fibers in the EMSF are calibrated using the VHX-600 3D digital microscope and the MATLAB7.5 software. The arrangement characteristics of the conductive fibers are analyzed, and equivalent twist, cross-sectional content, and average angle of a single fiber are proposed to describe the arrangement characteristic of the conductive fiber. Then, a digital description model of the conductive fiber is constructed according to the feature parameters and its three-dimensional structures are reproduced using CATIA. Finally, the reliability of the model is verified by an FDTD example, and the significance and application of the model are given.

Findings

The proposed method can provide the feature extraction and description for the complex spatial three-dimensional arrangement structure of conductive fibers. The feature parameters can reflect different micro arrangement features of the conductive fiber. The proposed idea and method can provide a solid foundation for subsequent studies of the electromagnetic properties of the EMSF.

Originality/value

The study in this paper is of great significance and academic value. This paper provides a new three-dimensional calibration method and constructs multiple feature parameters to describe the complex three-dimensional arrangement structure, providing a new effective method to overcome the problem of the conductive fiber description. The proposed method provides an important basis for the shielding mechanism, transmission characteristics, electromagnetic calculation and product design, and woven technology of the EMSF.
Intumescent flame retardant finishing of polyester fabrics via the layer-by-layer assembly technique
Authors: Wattanatanom Warunee , Churuchinda Sireerat , Potiyaraj Pranut
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential use of the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly as an intumescent flame retardant for polyester, cotton and their blended fabrics.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, polyester (PET), cotton and their blends were applied with the flame retardant coating via the LbL assembly technique. The flame retardancy, melt dripping, thermal properties and morphology of coated polyester fabrics were then examined.

Findings

The scanning electron micrograph of uncoated and coated fabrics revealed that the LbL assembly coating on the fabric surface was successful. The assessment of the flame retardancy and thermal properties of the coated fabrics showed that the after-flame time and melt dripping during the vertical burning test decreased. The char residue at temperatures ranging from 450 to 800°C during thermogravimetric analysis was enhanced as compared with the uncoated fabric. Furthermore, the morphology of the char residual of coated fabrics was rougher and bulkier than the uncoated fabrics, suggesting the typical behavior of intumescence.

Social implications

The LbL technique generally uses much fewer chemicals, thus making this flame retardant finishing much more environmentally friendly. It is also expected that these fabrics will show better touch characteristics. These fabrics may be tested for their comfort compared to that of conventional coating to enable their use on an industrial scale.

Originality/value

This work demonstrated the ability to apply an effective intumescent coating on polyester, cotton and blend fabric. In order to maintain fabric handle property, the Lbl coating technique is also employed.
Weft-knitted lace fabric simulation based on the spring-mass model
Authors: Cong Honglian , Lei Hui , Zhang Yongchao , Zhang Aijun , Ma Pibo
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The obtained simulation structures could reflect the appearances and the features of the fabrics. The purpose of this paper is to promote a lot for design and manufacturing of weft-knitted lace fabrics (WKLF).

Design/methodology/approach

The advantages of WKLF compared with warp-knitted ones were displayed. The formation mechanism of the WKLF was analyzed with employing the mechanics principles. Spring-mass model was proposed in this paper to achieve the simulation of the fabrics. End mass points and intermediate mass points were involved in the model. The displacement of end mass points was considered the dominance and the foundation to settle the positions of all the mass points.

Findings

A novel jacquard lace style fabric with pattern-background effect knitted on circular knitting machine were put forward, which were different from the traditional lace fabrics manufactured on the warp knitting machines.

Originality/value

First, as the manufacturing equipment, circular knitting machine costs much less than warp knitting machine; second, the elastic performance along weft direction of WKLF is more excellent than that of warp-knitted ones. Third, the excellent extensibility gives nice comfort; furthermore, long floating threads do not exist on the WKLF surface, so that the snag will be avoided.
Daily use of time, personal characteristics and experienced well-being
Authors: Ayala Edgardo , Flores David , Quintanilla Claudia , Castaño Raquel
Published: March 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to seek to provide a more comprehensive view of the determinants of experienced well-being by incorporating personal characteristics suggested to be significant predictors of global well-being, such as income, materialism, religiosity, community mindedness and sleep quality (Dieneret al., 1999; Frey and Stutzer, 2002), as well as time-use activities (Kahneman and Krueger, 2006) and contextual elements, such as day of the week (Csikszentmihalyi and Hunter, 2003; Kahnemanet al., 2004a) and the presence of companions, into a single model of predictive experienced well-being using the day reconstruction method (Kahnemanet al., 2004a).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors applied the day reconstruction method to a sample of 1,823 episodes from 104 undergraduate students at a private university in Mexico to determine time assignment and emotional experience. Data were analyzed using a panel data regression model.

Findings

It is currently accepted that experienced well-being depends on how people assign their time; however, the results suggest marginal and interaction effects between time assignment and sharing activities with others. Individuals experience an increase in well-being when any activity is done with others, independent of the valence or the duration of the activity. Also, while money does not produce higher well-being, the share of the budget that is spent with others does cause people to experience more well-being. Finally, the results indicate that personal characteristics are equally important to experienced well-being.

Research limitations/implications

The sample was restricted to students; thus, to achieve external validity, it is necessary to replicate this analysis within different populations as well as groups of different ages and occupations.

Originality/value

The authors provided an integrative model of experienced well-being that combines personal characteristics, time assignment and contextual factors. In addition, this model provides a more accurate gauge of the impact of personal characteristics on well-being than previous studies by controlling for time assignment and by measuring the impact on experienced, rather than global, well-being.
Clove and cinnamon essential oils in dulce de leche
Authors: Antigo Jessica , Cestari Lucineia , Scapim Monica , Siqueira dos Santos Suelen , Feniman Moritz Cristiane , Madrona Grasiele Scaramal
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to analyze lipid oxidation and microbiological, physical, chemical and sensory attributes of dulce de leche.

Design/methodology/approach

Dulce de leche samples were produced from various essential oil (EOs), control (no EO), clove, cinnamon and a clove and cinnamon mixture. After manufacturing, the products were stored at 25°C for 210 days. During storage, the samples were analyzed for texture, color, protein, lipids, lipid oxidation, pH, moisture, ash and enumeration of Salmonella sp., coliforms at 45°C, Staphylococcus sp. coagulase positive and mesophilic bacteria. The sensory analysis used a hedonic scale for appearance, smell, taste and texture attributes and overall acceptance.

Findings

The addition of EOs (clove and cinnamon) did not alter (p > 0.05) the proximal composition, texture, color or sensory attributes of dulce de leche. All products presented a good acceptance rate (>70 per cent). However, among the samples containing EO, dulce de leche with cinnamon presented a higher acceptance (81.67 per cent), and after 210 days of storage, it had lower (40.9 μg malonaldehyde/g p-value <0.01) lipid oxidation. Microbiological analyses indicated that the EOs are active antimicrobial components and are viable inclusions in this type of product.

Originality/value

The inclusion of EOs in dulce de leche provided an overall sensory acceptance similar to the traditional product and all products, including the control, were comparable. Dulce de leche produced with EOs is marketable.
Effect of replacing sardine oil with margarine on dyslipidemia, dysglycemia and redox status of adipose tissue in high-fat diet-induced obesity in Wistar rats
Authors: Hamza-Reguig Sherazed , Boukhari Benahmed Daidj Nabila , Louala Sabrine , Boualga Ahmed , Lamri-Senhadji Myriem
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of replacing two different fats on dyslipidemia, glycemic balance and adipose tissue redox status in obese rats.

Design/methodology/approach

Obesity was induced by feeding a high-mutton-fat diet during three months. An experimental group (n = 24) was divided into two groups that were fed during one month, 20 per cent of margarine or sardine oil. At Day 30, six rats from each group were sacrificed and the remaining rats were then subjected to a change in diet for one month: margarine was replaced by sardine oil and inversely, and then the rats were sacrificed. Three other groups (n = 6), each fed during two months, 20 per cent of margarine, sardine oil or mutton fat, served as controls.

Findings

Substitution of sardine oil by margarine compared to control sardine oil had increased triacylglycerols (TGs), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and isoprostanes (IsoPs) values, but decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and superoxide dismutase activity. Replacing margarine by sardine oil compared to control margarine reduced total cholesterol, TG, HbA1c, TBARS and IsoP contents but enhanced glutathione reductase and peroxidase activities. Nevertheless, comparing with the mutton fat, the two substitutions had improved glycemic and lipidic abnormalities and attenuated lipoperoxidation by enhancing enzymatic antioxidant defense. These favorable effects were better when margarine was replaced by sardine oil.

Originality/value

Substituting margarine with sardine oil seems to attenuate beneficial cardiometabolic risk markers associated to obesity and potentiate efficiency adipose tissue against the oxidative stress induced by the obesogenic diet.
Night eating status according to body mass index of Korean adolescents
Authors: Choi Mi-Kyeong , Cho Yu-Jin , Kim Myung-Hee , Bae Yun Jung
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in night eating status according to adolescents’ body mass index (BMI).

Design/methodology/approach

This was a cross-sectional study that included a total of 688 middle-school students. The subjects were categorized as underweight, normal weight and overweight according to their BMI, and their night eating intake patterns, night eating menu preference and intake frequency were compared and analyzed.

Findings

With regard to their night eating frequency, 39.8 per cent replied almost never, while 24.3 per cent replied once a week and less and 22.5 per cent replied two to three times a week. Among 11 night eating menus, the preference for fast foods, confectioneries, street foods and noodles was significantly higher in the underweight group than in the overweight group. The intake frequency of night eating menus such as fast foods, confectioneries and breads increased in the following order: overweight, normal and underweight group. The underweight group had a higher frequency of night eating, and they preferred to eat snacks more frequently from their night eating menu.

Originality/value

In conclusion, it is necessary to form positive dietary habits including nighttime eating for proper dietary management of adolescents.
Effect of nutritional interventional measures on admitted children in selected nutritional rehabilitation centres of Karnataka, India
Authors: Golandaj Javeed A. , Vatavati Shrikanta R. , Kallihal Karabasappa Gadigeppa
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to examine the effect of interventional measures on admitted children and, second, to estimate the level of utilization of nutrition rehabilitation centres (NRCs) through bed occupancy rate in India.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional study involving review of records of malnourished children admitted during 1st January to 31st December 2014 in four districts of Northern Karnataka, India. The data were collected during January 2015.

Findings

A statistically significant difference was obtained between the weight of children at admission and discharge (p < 0.001). The average weight gain during the stay at the centres was 6.1 ± 7.1 g/kg/day. The proportion of severely malnourished children decreased from 56 per cent at admission to 32 per cent at discharge. The children who stayed for a stipulated period of 14 days were fully recovered and discharged from the centre compared to those stayed for lesser period. Poor follow-up visits of discharged children are observed, and the average bed occupancy rate was only 40 per cent.

Originality/value

This study showed that, the NRCs were effective in improving the condition of admitted children, but the utilization of these NRCs was sub-optimal in Karnataka. This study pointed to a number of operational issues that need to be addressed if these NRCs are being used effectively.
Limb remote ischaemic postconditioning‐induced elevation of fibulin‐5 confers neuroprotection to rats with cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury: Activation of the AKT pathway
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Ye , Bi Guorong
Published: March 2017

Limb remote ischaemic postconditioning (RIPostC) is an effective and well‐acknowledged treatment for brain ischaemia injury. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of fibulin‐5 in the neuroprotection of RIPostC against cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in rats and then RIPostC was carried out by three cycles of 10 minutes occlusion/10 minutes release of the bilateral femoral artery at the beginning of the reperfusion. To downregulate the fibulin‐5 level, fibulin‐5 siRNA was injected into the lateral ventricle 24 hours before MCAO. According to our present study, RIPostC attenuated cerebral I/R injury by decreasing infarct volume, improving neurobehavioral score and suppressing blood brain barrier (BBB) leakage. Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels of fibulin‐5 were upregulated by RIPostC at 24 hours and 72 hours after reperfusion. Downregulation of fibulin‐5 attenuated the neuroprotection of RIPostC. Finally, the result showed that fibulin‐5 was upregulated by RIPostC via activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Taken together, these results provide evidence that upregulation of fibulin‐5 is involved in the beneficial effect of RIPostC against cerebral I/R injury.
Vitamin Fortification of Fluid Milk
Authors: Yeh Eileen B. , Barbano David M. , Drake MaryAnne
Published: March 2017

Vitamin concentrates with vitamins A and D are used for fortification of fluid milk. Although many of the degradation components of vitamins A and D have an important role in flavor/fragrance applications, they may also be source(s) of off‐flavor(s) in vitamin fortified milk due to their heat, oxygen, and the light sensitivity. It is very important for the dairy industry to understand how vitamin concentrates can impact flavor and flavor stability of fluid milk. Currently, little research on vitamin degradation products can be found with respect to flavor contributions. In this review, the history, regulations, processing, and storage stability of vitamins in fluid milk are addressed along with some hypotheses for the role of vitamin A and D fortification on flavor and stability of fluid milk.
Social Rejection and Alcohol Use in Daily Life
Authors: Laws Holly B. , Ellerbeck Nicole E. , Rodrigues Alyne S. , Simmons Jessica A. , Ansell Emily B.
Published: March 2017

Background

Prior studies have found that social rejection is associated with increases in negative affect, distress, and hostility. Fewer studies, however, have examined the impact of social rejection on alcohol use, and no known studies have tested whether the impact of social rejection by close others differs from social rejection by acquaintances in its association with subsequent drinking.

Methods

Participants completed event‐contingent reports of their social interactions and alcohol use for 14 consecutive days on smartphones. Multilevel negative binomial regression models tested whether experiencing more social rejection than usual was associated with increased drinking, and whether this association was stronger when participants were rejected by close others (e.g., friends, spouses, family members) versus strangers or acquaintances.

Results

Results showed a significant interaction between social rejection and relationship closeness. On days characterized by rejection by close others, the likelihood of drinking significantly increased. On days characterized by rejection by acquaintances, by contrast, there was no increase in the likelihood of drinking. There was no main effect of rejection on likelihood of drinking.

Conclusions

These results suggest that relationship type is a key factor in whether social rejection translates to potentially harmful behaviors, such as increased alcohol use. This finding is in contrast to many laboratory paradigms of rejection, which emphasize rejection and ostracism by strangers rather than known others. In the more naturalistic setting of measuring social interactions on smartphone in daily life, our findings suggest that only social rejection delivered by close others, and not strangers, led to subsequent drinking.
MALDI‐TOF MS identification of microbiota associated with pest insect Diabrotica speciosa
Authors: Perlatti Bruno , Luiz Anderson L. , Prieto Evandro L. , Fernandes João B. , da Silva Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes , Ferreira Douglas , Costa Eduardo N. , Boiça Júnior Arlindo L. , Forim Moacir R.
Published: March 2017

Resistance development in pest insects has guided the advance of cleaner and more effective strategies for pest control. An interesting and promising strategy is the manipulation of insects via their gut microbiota.

To evaluate the feasibility of this strategy, Diabrotica speciosa, a highly polyphagous pest insect from South America that causes substantial damage to several important crops, was reared under controlled conditions. Aerobic culturable bacteria were isolated from the gut of D. speciosa and identified using proteomic fingerprints obtained by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization coupled to time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS), as well as by genomic methods via partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.

Seventy‐three strains belonging to 17 genera and up to 29 different species were isolated. γ‐Proteobacteria of the orders Pseudomonadales and Enterobacteriales were the predominant. A core gut microbiome for the genus Diabrotica could be inferred when microbiotas from different species from the genus were compared. Molecular and spectrometric techniques indicated complete agreement of genera classification, although cluster analysis revealed distinct taxonomic grouping patterns.

MALDI‐TOF MS provided reliable identification of culturable gut bacteria, demonstrating similar efficacy, with cheaper and faster results relative to partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and also showed an interesting and unexpected phyloproteomic correlation.
Burden of human scabies in sub‐Saharan African prisons: Evidence from the west region of Cameroon
Authors: Kouotou Emmanuel Armand , Nansseu Jobert Richie N , Sangare Abdoulaye , Moguieu Bogne Léonnelle‐Lynda , Sieleunou Isidore , Adegbidi Hugues , Tameyi Tatsa Joël , Moyou Somo Roger
Published: March 2017

Background/Objectives

There is little data on the profile and magnitude of scabies in sub‐Saharan African prisons. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of scabies in prisons of the west region of Cameroon.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study from March to August 2014, and consecutively recruited volunteer detainees of three randomly selected prisons in the West Region of Cameroon. The diagnosis was based on clinical findings after assessment by two experienced and well‐trained dermatologists.

Results

We enrolled 755 prisoners, 17 (2%) of whom were women. Their mean age was 32 ± 12 years. There were 242 cases (32%) of scabies, with significantly more cases in the most crowded prison (P < 0.0001). Men were significantly more affected than women (P = 0.004) and the prevalence of scabies significantly decreased when the level of education increased (P < 0.0001). In addition to a low level of education (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.90; P < 0.0001), sharing clothes/bedding (aOR 2.72; P < 0.0001) and the number of detainees per cell > 10 (aOR 1.89; P = 0.002), but not age, duration of incarceration, number of baths/week and washing/week, were independent drivers of scabies occurrence.

Conclusion

Almost one‐third of prisoners suffered from scabies in our prisons. A low educational level, the sharing of clothes/bedding and number of detainees/cell > 10 were independent determinants of the disease. Urgent measures must be undertaken to reduce the burden of scabies in our prisons.
Perioperative outcomes of total laparoscopic hysterectomy at a regional hospital in New Zealand
Authors: Suisted Philip , Chittenden Brad
Published: March 2017

Background

Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is established as a safe method of hysterectomy, with a satisfactory patient experience. However, most published data derive from high‐volume centres with experienced teams. It is not clear whether these data translate to smaller centres?

Aims

To evaluate the implementation of a minimally invasive option for hysterectomy at a regional public hospital in New Zealand.

Materials and methods

Prospective audit of 120 cases of TLH over three years. We retrospectively compared outcomes to the same number of abdominal (AH) and vaginal hysterectomy (VH).

Results

TLH and AH were predominantly performed for heavy menstrual bleeding (65 and 64%) and VH for prolapse (54%). The largest uteri were AH (range 30–3400 g), TLH (35–550) then VH (21–256). Compared to TLH, both AH and VH had shorter mean operating theatre times (TLH 126.8 ± 44.8 min, AH 103.2 ± 32.8 and VH 93 ± 26.9), longer mean hospital stay (TLH 51.3 ± 21.3 h, AH 101.9 ± 36.6 and VH 75.1 ± 31.3) and increased mean blood loss (TLH 153 ± 116.1 mL, AH 517 ± 672.3 and VH 244 ± 206.8). One TLH was converted to laparotomy and one required interval laparoscopy. Major complications (2.5%) were lowest in the TLH group and were consistent with large international series.

Conclusions

TLH would appear to be a safe and effective local option. The outcomes for patients at a regional general hospital can replicate the results of larger centres.
Induction of labour practices in New South Wales hospitals: Before and after a statewide policy
Authors: Nippita Tanya A. C. , Roberts Christine L. , Nicholl Michael C. , Morris Jonathan M.
Published: March 2017

Midwifery Unit Managers completed surveys in 2008 and 2014 to determine methods of induction of labour. There was an increase in balloon catheter use for cervical ripening (rate difference 37%, P = 0.007). Currently, all respondent hospitals have an oxytocin protocol; district hospitals had a significant increase in use of post‐maturity protocols (rate difference = 40%, P = 0.01) but there was no change in use of prostaglandin protocols.
Induction of labour using balloon catheter and prostaglandin gel
Authors: Brown Jacqueline , Beckmann Michael
Published: March 2017

Background

The process of induction of labour (IOL) commonly involves cervical ripening, using mechanical or pharmacological methods. However, the optimum protocol of IOL remains undetermined.

Aims

To report the maternal, neonatal and process outcomes for women being induced with a balloon catheter or prostaglandin E2 gel (PGE2).

Materials and methods

Matched retrospective cohort study of women requiring IOL at term with a modified Bishop's score (MBS) <7. Those who underwent cervical ripening with a double balloon catheter were matched 1:1 for parity, indication and MBS score to those using PGE2 gel. The primary outcome measure was mode of birth.

Results

After exclusions, data from 427 women induced with a balloon catheter were able to be matched to 427 women induced with PGE2 gel. Compared to women receiving PGE2 gel, those induced using a balloon catheter were more likely to have an unassisted vaginal birth (50.4% vs 42.9%; P = 0.028), a lower mean estimated blood loss (420 vs 481 mL; P = 0.028), a reduction in fetal acidaemia (2.4% vs 8.8%; P = 0.003) and a greater likelihood experiencing vaginal delivery within 24 h (33.7% vs 25.8%; P = 0.011).

Conclusion

Similar to findings in randomised controlled trials and meta‐analyses of IOL methods, we observed more unassisted vaginal births, less blood loss, decreased fetal acidaemia, and a greater likelihood of vaginal delivery within 24 h, with use of balloon catheter as compared to PGE2 vaginal gel.
Obstetric risk score – revalidated for triaging high‐risk pregnancies in rural areas
Authors: Humphrey Michael D. , Foxcroft Katie F. , Callaway Leonie K.
Published: March 2017

Background

A pregnancy risk score system in popular use in provincial and rural Queensland to assist with the triage decisions regarding the appropriate facility for pregnancy care has been upgraded with more recently recognised pregnancy risk factors.

Aims

To review the usefulness of the revised pregnancy risk score system and the integrity of its continuing use.

Materials and Methods

459 women attending regional/rural hospitals and 1963 women attending a major specialist hospital for their pregnancy care had a prospective risk score assessed, and the resulting score was examined in relationship to pregnancy outcomes.

Results

There was a statistically significant positive relationship between a risk score of eight or more and an adverse outcome and a statistically significant negative relationship between a risk score of zero or one and adverse outcomes.

Conclusion

This study revalidates the risk score process for use in provincial and rural Queensland in delineating those women requiring care in a location with higher levels of clinical service capability. Women with a risk score of 8 or more have an increased likelihood of needing birth intervention and/or having an adverse neonatal outcome and should be recognised as needing the development of a multidisciplinary care plan and assessment in a facility that is appropriately resourced for their end of pregnancy care.
Making the case for qualitative comparative analysis in geographical research: a case study of health resilience
Authors: Cairns J M , Wistow J , Bambra C
Published: March 2017

This paper critically discusses the utility of using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) in geographical research following the ‘complexity turn’. Although QCA methodology has increasingly been applied in other social science disciplines, it is not widely used by geographers. The major benefit of QCA is that it can handle complexity by exploring different pathways that generate the same outcome, which applies to much spatial research. Significantly, QCA is case – rather than variable – oriented, which is hugely important when considering the significance of context. In this paper we illustrate how QCA can be applied in the discipline of geography through a case study of area‐level health resilience. We argue that QCA can be usefully applied to such geographical questions as it aids our understanding of the complex processes that lead to spatial variations in health. Moreover, QCA enables geographical research to bridge the quantitative–qualitative divide. We conclude that QCA has great potential for exploring the complex, spatial factors that influence area‐level health resilience by being context‐sensitive and case‐oriented. We make the case for applying this methodology in future geographical research.
Comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and B‐mode ultrasound in detecting and estimating the extent of human carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Hjelmgren Ola , Schmidt Caroline , Johansson Lars , Bergström Göran M. L.
Published: March 2017

Background

In MRI studies of carotid plaques, ultrasound is used to find plaques, which are later imaged using MRI. The performance in plaque detection has not been compared between the modalities. The aim of the current study was to compare the performance of MRI and ultrasound in detecting carotid artery plaques and measuring extent of atherosclerosis.

Methods

Subjects with at least one plaque (height≥2·5 mm) on ultrasound were imaged using MRI. The number of plaques and their height was measured in both modalities; plaque area and volume were analysed on ultrasound and MRI, respectively.

Results

Thirty‐eight subjects were included. MRI detected plaques in 95% of carotid arteries with a plaque height of ≥2·5 mm on ultrasound and in all carotid arteries with a plaque exceeding 2·5 mm. MRI detected 53% of the plaques with a height below 2·5 mm. The plaque height measured with both techniques correlated significantly, 0·59, P<0·0001. Ultrasound‐derived plaque height and plaque area correlated similarly to MRI‐derived plaque volume, r = 0·52; P<0·0001 and r = 0·47; P = 0·001, respectively.

Conclusions

We conclude that MRI has a similar sensitivity to ultrasound in finding carotid artery plaques that are 2·5 mm or higher. In smaller plaques, MRI detects fewer plaques. Multiple carotid plaques seen on ultrasound most often are a misinterpretation of the anatomy and correspond to a single plaque. Plaque height on ultrasound is comparable to plaque height on MRI and correlates fairly well with plaque volume on MRI making it an interesting proxy for plaque burden.