bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Necrotic mediastinal lymphadenopathy: Tuberculosis or Sarcoidosis, a diagnostic conundrum – A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kaur Harmeet , Ahuja Jasmine , Singh Paramdeep , Dhillon Navdeep Kaur , Samagh Navneh , Tiwari Punit
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Sarcoidosis is an uncommon disease involving pulmonary parenchyma and lymph nodes. Non-necrotizing, bilaterally symmetric hilar, and right paratracheal lymph nodes are the pathognomonic imaging features of sarcoidosis. Rarely, atypical radiological findings of sarcoidosis may mimic mycobacterial infections, posing a diagnostic dilemma, especially in tuberculosis endemic countries. In this report, we have discussed the case of a 61-year-old female presenting with multiple conglomerated necrotic mediastinal lymph nodes on computed tomography that looked tubercular but eventually turned out to be sarcoidosis. It is important for primary care physicians, who are the first point of contact for patients, to keep in mind the atypical radiologic manifestations of sarcoidosis, in order to reach a timely diagnosis and help reduce the associated morbidity and mortality.
Adding health to years: A review of the National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE) in India
Authors: Dumka Neha , Mangat Seerat , Ahmed Tarannum , Hannah Erin , Kotwal Atul
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

The global share of elderly persons (60 years and above) is expected to rise from 13.4% in 2020 to 21.3% by 2050. In India, the elderly population accounts for 8.6% of the total population. A large share of responsibility on ensuring the health and well-being befalls on the government. Driven by the vision of healthy ageing, the National Programme for the Health Care of Elderly (NPHCE) was launched in 2011 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Yet, its effective implementation is challenged by the changing landscapes and epidemiological transitions. This review article explores the progress of elderly care with NPHCE, with a special focus on its implementation status, service delivery, and human resources to provide future directions for the program. It primarily uses the Common Review Mission Reports (2007–2019), archival sources from government websites, and relevant literature from PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar to provide an informed perspective of elderly care in India. We conclude that NPHCE requires strengthening through collaborative action between the relevant stakeholders. Strong implementation of appropriate policies and programs to address health care challenges of the ageing population is of crucial importance for India to achieve the health care needs of its elderly. As the elderly population is set to grow dramatically in the next few decades, this review article reveals areas needing urgent attention to strengthen elderly care through NPHCE in India.
Clinical manifestations and cultural correlates of psychogenic nonepileptic seizure symptoms: An Indian perspective
Authors: Sawant Neena S. , Umate Maithili S.
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) tend to have more frequent and disabling seizures than those which true epilepsy and are often misdiagnosed as epilepsy due to lack of clear diagnostic criteria and variations in clinical semiology. This study was an attempt to improve the understanding and type of clinical manifestations seen in patients of PNES and the cultural beliefs regarding their symptoms.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional observational study, 71 patients diagnosed with PNES by neurologists on the basis of their clinical presentation and a two hours normal VEEG recording were enrolled in the study after ethics approval. The clinical manifestations of PNES were recorded in detail along with details of various cultural attributions of the patients to the symptoms which were recorded in open- and closed-ended questions.

Results:

Clinical manifestations included verbal unresponsiveness (74%), whole body rigidity (72%), upper limb (55%) and lower limb movements (39%), vocalizations and head movements in less than 25%, and automatisms in only 6 patients. Pelvic thrusting as a manifestation was seen in only one patient. Thirty-eight patients attributed their symptoms to being possessed by God/ghost/evil spirit; nine to black magic being done on them; twenty-four patients did not relate symptoms to religious beliefs. Sixty-two patients had visited faith healers.

Conclusions:

This study is the first of its kind which looks at various clinical presentations of PNES patients in order to assess if there is any cultural basis for the symptoms.
Clinical profile of patients hospitalized with hemoptysis
Authors: Munjal Sushil Kumar , Natarajan Sekar , Vinay V , Meenakshisundaram Arunachalam
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Hemoptysis presents as a primary complaint in 8–15% of chest clinic patients. The etiology of hemoptysis varies among different series according to the time of publication, geographic location, and diagnostic tests employed.

Aim:

To study the clinical profile of patients hospitalized with hemoptysis at a tertiary respiratory care center in New Delhi, India.

Methods:

The study was a cross-sectional, observational, hospital-based study. Patients admitted with hemoptysis in emergency from November 2017 to April 2018 were enrolled. A total of 129 patients were evaluated by a detailed clinical history and necessary investigations deemed required for arriving at the diagnosis. Subjects’ hospitalized details were recorded using structured evaluation proforma. Data were evaluated using SPSS version 22.0. The ‘p’ value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 129 patients were recruited, with a mean age of 42.67 years, 59.7% were male. Mild, moderate, severe, and massive hemoptysis were seen in 15.5%, 46.5%, 25.6% and 12.4% cases, respectively. History of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment was present in 40.3%, recurrent hemoptysis in 38% and bilateral chest x-ray involvement in 62.6% cases. Tuberculosis (active and sequelae) was the most common cause (51.9%) of hemoptysis. Recurrent hemoptysis and low hemoglobin were found to be independent risk factors associated with the severity of hemoptysis.

Conclusion:

Tuberculosis remains a significant cause of hemoptysis in our country. Even one episode of hemoptysis should not be ignored and investigated properly as it can potentially cause massive hemoptysis and life-threatening complications in the future.
The role of vaginal progesterone in established pre-term labor: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yadav Garima , Gupta Shivani , Singh Pratibha , Kansara Megha , Kathuria Priyanka , Gothwal Meenakshi , Sharma Charu
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

Pre-term birth (PTB) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in newborn and infants. One of the proposed theories is the withdrawal of progesterone, either actual or functional, to be an antecedent to the onset of labor. The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of vaginal progesterone in delaying delivery following an episode of arrested pre-term labor.

Methods:

This is a pragmatic open-label randomized controlled trial that was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur. Hundred patients with singleton pregnancies presenting with pre-term labor between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation and treated successfully with acute tocolysis for 48 hours and steroids covered were randomized to receive either progesterone 400 mg vaginal suppository or no treatment.

Results:

The primary outcome was the duration of randomization to delivery interval, which was significantly higher in the study than in the control group (28 days versus 10 days). The secondary outcomes such as gestational age at delivery was also higher in the study group compared to the control group (82% versus 60% delivered after 37 weeks in the study group and control group, respectively). The neo-natal outcomes such as birth weight (2802 grams versus 2324 grams), incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (13% versus 26%), and newborn intensive care unit (NICU) admission (17% versus 31%) were lower in the study group, which signifies decreased neo-natal morbidities and mortalities in pre-term labor treated with maintenance tocolysis in the form of vaginal progesterone.

Conclusion:

Administration of vaginal progesterone (400 mg, daily) following an episode of arrested pre-term labor significantly increased the duration to delivery interval; that is, it reduced the rate of PTB before 37, 32, and 28 weeks of gestation among women. It further reduced the neo-natal morbidities such as RDS and NICU admission and increased the birth weight among infants of women assigned to progesterone treatment.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Residents’ Well-Being in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi
Authors: Alraeesi Fatima H. , Alblooshi Reyoof M. , Al Zuraiqi Esraa A. , Al Busumait Reem S. , Aman Reem A. , Al Fahim Maha M. , Darwish Ebtihal
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

During the Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, medical residents were deployed to help with managing patients in a wide range of settings. Unlike other COVID-19-related topics, the psychological impact of the pandemic on medical residents has received little attention.

Objective:

This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical residents’ well-being, depression, and stress levels.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. A total of 597 medical residents were identified and with the aim of a sample size of 300 participants; 242 responses were collected during the period between November 2020 to February 2021. Data were collected through an online survey utilizing Patient Health Questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale. SPSS software was used for data analysis.

Results:

Most of the residents in our study were females (73.6%) and single (60.7%). Around 66.5% were depressed, 87.2% were under low-moderate stress, and 12.8% were under high stress. Majority (73.5%) of the single residents were depressed (P = 0.016). Being male has been found to lower the risk of developing depression (P = 0.042). The need to relocate for family protection increased the risk of developing depression (P = 0.022).Residents who were living with their friends/roommates were found to be under a high level of stress (P = 0.001). Surgical specialties’ residents were found to be the most under high stress (P = 0.044).

Conclusion:

Female gender, single status, and changing housing were risk factors for depression. Conversely, living with friends/roommates and working in surgical specialties were contributing to high-stress levels.
Frequency and predictors of depression among the elderly population of Karachi
Authors: Ali Zaheer , Amin Faridah , Saeed Rabeeya , Durrani Noureen , Pasha Muhammad Saad , Ahmed Iklhas
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:

Depression among the elderly is falsely considered as a normal part of aging and hence remains un-diagnosed in the majority. Elderly people are at a high risk of depression, which may produce a negative impact on their quality of life. Depression is a potentially treatable condition; hence, it is worthwhile to explore its burden in order to ensure its timely evaluation and management.

Aims:

To determine the frequency and predictors of depression among the elderly population of Karachi.

Settings and Design:

The current study was a cross-sectional study, conducted in out-patient clinics of a tertiary care hospital and its out-reach centers located in different areas of Karachi.

Methods and Material:

Patients aged 60 years and above were enrolled in the study. Demographic profiles and physical health conditions were investigated. Depression was assessed using Geriatric Depression Scale-15.

Statistical Analysis:

Data were entered in SPSS version 21 for statistical analysis.

Results:

A total of 232 participants were enrolled into the study with a median age of 65.8 [inter-quartile range = 61–69] years. Out of 232 participants, 186 (80.2%) were found to be depressed. In the multi-variable model, employment status, financial issues, and peer groups were left as independent predictors of depression.

Conclusion:

The current study found a significant burden of depression among elderly people in Karachi. Employment status, financial problems, and relationship with peers have been identified as risk factors of depression. There might be over-reporting of depression as the data collection was conducted during the coronavirus disease 2019 first wave. Hence, further community-based research is warranted to confirm the findings.
Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Shelf Life, Nutritional, and Glycemic Properties of Three Indian Brown Rice Varieties
Authors: Shanmugam Shobana , Mathiyazhagan Jayanthan , Parthasarathy Vijayalakshmi , Jeevan Raman Ganesh , Gayathri Rajagopal , Karthikeyan Parkavi , Bakshi Priyanka , Malleshi Nagappa Gurusiddappa , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Unnikrishnan Ranjit , Krishnaswamy Kamala , Jamdar Sahayog N. , Mohan Viswanathan , Vasudevan Sudha
Published: December 2022

Brown rice (whole grain, BR) has lower glycemic index (GI), is a healthy replacement for white rice (WR). However, BR has a short shelf life, is susceptible to pest infestation. Gamma irradiation is a safe approach to prevent the latter. This study examines effect of gamma irradiation on the physical, cooking, nutritional, shelf life and glycemic properties of three Indian parboiled BR. Parboiled BR of ADT-43, BPT-5204, and Swarna rice varieties were packed in polyester and polypropylene pouches (60 µ thickness) and subjected to gamma irradiation [750–820 Gy] (IR). Appropriate controls without irradiation (NIR) were maintained. Irradiation did not induce major changes in the physical and nutritional properties, except for resistant starch which significantly increased after irradiation in ADT-43 and BPT-5204. Irradiation reduced the cooking time, increased loss of solids in the cooking water and decreased apparent water uptake (particularly in BPT-5204). IR varieties exhibited longer shelf life (8–9 months) compared to 6 months shelf life of NIR varieties. The shelf stability of IR Swarna rice was superior in terms of delayed rancidity development compared to all other rice. All BR samples exhibited the ranking of ‘like moderately’ in the sensory acceptability tests at 6 months of storage and scores decreased subsequently. Irradiation did not affect GI [all showed medium GI, except a high GI for IR BPT 5204] and helped in shelf life extension of parboiled BR by preventing insect infestation.
A Systematic Review Approach in Understanding the COVID-19 Mechanism in Diabetes and its Progression to Diabetic Microvascular Complications
Authors: Sonkar Gyanendra Kumar , Singh Sangeeta , Sonkar Satyendra Kumar
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

In uncontrolled hyperglycemia, lungs, tongue, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways having increased glycosylated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) can serve as good viral binding sites for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leading to a greater tendency and considerable risk of prolonged life-threatening disease. This review was written with the objective to extract the recent advances, updates, and discoveries about the effects of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on patients with diabetes and its microvascular complications. It was further written with the aim to discuss the current state of knowledge that has not yet been confirmed or unconfirmed, leading to various debatable issues about COVID-19-associated with microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods:

We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and searched scientific sites related to our review article such as Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE of last nearly two and half years.

Results:

The individuals who are suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus experience more organ damage by SARS-Cov-2 due to cytokine storm. The pro-inflammatory state, lower primary immune system response, and increased ACE2 level with dysregulation of vascular function and the prothrombic state in patients with diabetes may increase the vulnerability for COVID-19 and worsened prognosis. The patients have reduced prognosis leading to microvascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. In diabetes retinopathy, it induces the changes in the vasculature of the retinal veins. These viruses can directly affect the nervous tissue and/or can indirectly via activating the immune system-mediated mechanisms leading to diabetic neuropathy as well.

Conclusions and Implications:

During the cytokine storm the amount of D-dimer in the serum gets significantly increased, due to increased activating plasmin at the early stage of inflammation. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia leads to diabetic complications leading to increased mortality rate in patients with COVID-19. Thus, diabetes and its associated microvascular complications may lead to the severity and mortality in the patients with COVID-19. More of clinical practice and further studies should be implicated through this review article. Laboratory findings and clinical records are of much help in patients with diabetes and COVID-19. Worldwide studies from different countries apart from China should be considered to reach a conclusion about the conditions of patients with diabetes and microvasculature complications around the world.
Interpretation of Urine Routine Report of a Diabetic Patient
Authors: Agrawal Prabhat , Singh Shoorvir , Khurana Mudit , Agarwal Kanika , Pursnani Nikhil , Gautam Ashish
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

Diabetic patients are at an increased risk of multiple complications, among which one of the most dreaded complications is diabetic nephropathy. Early diagnosis and appropriate management will at least prolong the life of the kidney and prevent the development of end-stage renal failure.

Materials and Methods:

Simple urinalysis is a useful tool for early diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease and helps differentiate between diabetic and nondiabetic kidney diseases. In this review, we have discussed the usefulness of urinalysis for a diabetic patient.

Results:

Early detection of an abnormality can be an alarming sign, and we can diagnose treatable causes of renal failure in diabetic patients.

Conclusions:

History, examination, and urinalysis are sufficient in most of the cases for diagnosing diabetic kidney disease. Renal biopsy is indicated in special situations where diagnosis cannot be made even after appropriate non-invasive investigations. Few limitations of the study are resource settings and knowledge of this simple test to predict an alarming sign of the kidney disease.
The Gurū-Chelā Relationship Revisited
Authors: Di Nicola Vincenzo
Published: December 2022

The aims of this appreciation of the life and work of Jaswant Singh Neki (1925–2015), a leading Indian psychiatrist and Sikh scholar, are: (1) to revisit Neki's contributions to social psychiatry through his employment of the Indian paradigm of the gurū-chelā relationship; (2) to contrast and compare Neki's gurū-chelā paradigm for psychotherapy with the Western “I-centred paradigm” of psychotherapy; and (3) to examine the impact of Neki's gurū-chelā paradigm in India and the Indian diaspora and to synthesize it with contemporary trends in psychotherapy in Western societies.
Mental Health Care for Cancer Patients in Portugal – Implementation of a Psycho-Oncology Multidisciplinary Project
Authors: Donas-Boto Inês , Teixeira Sara , Urzal Maria De Fátima
Published: December 2022

Psycho-oncology is an interdisciplinary field that addresses the two major psychological dimensions of cancer: the psychological responses of patients to cancer at all stages of the disease, and that of their families and caretakers, and the psychological, behavioral, and social factors that may influence the disease process. It contributes to the clinical care of patients and families, to the training of staff in psychological management, and to the collaborative research that ranges from the behavioral issues in cancer prevention to the management of psychiatric disorders and the psychosocial problems during the continuum of the cancer illness, including end-of-life care.[1] There is scientific evidence of the benefits of providing psychosocial cancer care as part of standard care in reducing distress and psychosocial morbidity associated with cancer and in fostering a better quality of life during and after treatment, and eventually in increasing survival.[2] Because of the undeniably growing prevalence of cancer, its relationship with emotional distress and psychiatric comorbidity, and its impact on the quality of life of oncologic patients, their families, and health professionals, the need for mental health services for cancer patients is real and urgent. With this essay, the authors intend to present a brief narrative review of the scope and aims of psycho-oncology, clinical practice guidelines for the psychosocial care of cancer patients, and the authors' experience in the implementation of a multidisciplinary project of a psycho-oncology consultation in a central hospital, in Lisbon, Portugal.
Principali studi morfosintattici sulla lingua politica nel ventennio 1960-1980
Authors: Desideri Paola
Published: December 2022

Con il presente lavoro si intende dimostrare la rilevanza dell’analisi morfosintattica nell’ambito della lingua politica. Nel ventennio 1960-1980 su questo terreno di ricerca sono stati effettuati importanti studi soprattutto da parte di italiani, francesi e tedeschi, di essi vengono citati qui i più significativi. Infatti, specialmente in periodi di crisi sociali e di congiunture politiche, i processi morfologici e sintattici esibiscono quanto sia efficace la creatività linguistica per coniare mirate parole d’ordine e lessemi ad effetto propagandistico. L’analisi distribuzionale di corpora politici, condotta negli anni Settanta sulla base della “discourse analysis” di Z. S. Harris, apporta, con diversi lavori, un ulteriore interessante contributo all’esame sintattico del linguaggio politico.
Zeolite A/ZnCl2 nanoparticles as a catalyst for eco-friendly synthesis of pyrazole-1- carbothioamides with docking validation as Covid-19 main protease (MPRO) inhibitor
Authors: M. Younis Norhan , M. Abdelghany Amr , Shaaban Fathy , K. Khatab Tamer , Abdel-Latif Ehab , M. Metwally Heba
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT. The synthesized Zeolite A/ZnCl2 nanoparticles via the hydrothermal route were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM/EDAX techniques. The characterized catalyst was used for the eco-friendly synthesis of 4,5-dihydro-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide derivatives. Under solvent-free conditions, a multi-component reaction between hydrazine, isothiocyanate, and chalcone was done with a prepared nano-catalyst as an inexpensive, recyclable, easy-to-get, and nontoxic catalyst. The molecular docking study explained that dihydro-1-carbothioamide pyrazoles can be considered COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors. In order to investigate the 3D conformation of the compounds that were synthesized, the density functional theory (DFT) was applied with a B3LYP hybrid functional and a 6-311++ G(d,p) basis set. This allowed us to investigate the compounds' electronic and charge transfer properties. In this series of compounds, the derivative 30d showed the lowest HOMO–LUMO energy gap.

 

KEY WORDS: Zeolite A/ZnCl2 nanoparticles, Pyrazole-1-carbothioamides, Docking, XRD, SEM/EDX, HRTEM

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 391-404.                                                           

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.11
Computational molecular docking and in silico ADMET prediction studies of pyrazole derivatives as Covid-19 main protease (MPRO) and papain-like protease (PLPRO) inhibitors
Authors: K. Khatab Tamer , S. Hassan Ashraf
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT. The inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) prevents viral multiplications. Molecular docking, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) studies of pyrazole-indole molecules 6a, b, Schiff bases 8a, b, and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines 10a, b were performed and done. Based on the molecular docking study verified that the presented structures (6a, 6b, 8a, 8b, 10a, and 10b) give promised attached bonds with the active site in the COVID-19 main protease (Mpro). The results of in silico ADMET prediction study revealed that these compounds may be considered candidates for the discovery or development of new series of COVID-19 drugs.

 

KEY WORDS: Pyrazole, Fused pyrazole, Schiff bases, COVID-19, Molecular docking, Computational studies

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 449-461.                                                            

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.14
Effect of synthesized carbon quantum dots on the photocatalytic properties of ZnO
Authors: Bi Irié Williams Irié , Kouadio Fodjo Essy , Bi Boussou Narcisse Pomi , Alla  Martin Aka , Koffi Koffi Kra Sylvestre Koffi , Albert Trokourey , Gu Zhen
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT. In this work, synthesized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used to form ZnO/CQDs nanocomposite. The characterization of this nanocomposite using X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that ZnO NPs and ZnO/CQDs nanocomposite have the same profile, suggesting that the presence of CQDs does not impinge the crystal structure of ZnO in ZnO/CQDs nanocomposite. Besides, an analysis performed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displays plate-like nanostructure with an average thickness of about 22 nm and 25 nm for ZnO NPs and ZnO/CQDs, respectively. Furthermore, the reflectance study in the visible range shows a reduction of sunlight reflection intensity of ZnO/CQDs compared with the reflection intensity of ZnO NPs. In addition, the photocatalytic studies indicate that the rate of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) of ZnO/CQDs nanocomposites is higher than that of ZnO NPs. Indeed, in optimized conditions, the photocatalytic activity can reach 100% within 45 min of sunlight exposure for the degradation of 7.5 mg/L MB using ZnO/CQDs while it takes 90 min using ZnO NPs under the same conditions. These fascinating results is attributed to the reduction of the reflective properties of ZnO/CQDs.

 

KEY WORDS: Fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs), Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, Sunlight reflectance property, Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 463-476.                                                              

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.15
Water-soluble total sugars and total free amino acids of the two varieties of teff [Eragrostic tef (Zuccagni) Trotter] cultivated in different regions of Ethiopia
Authors: Yisak Hagos , Singh Chandravanshi Bhagwan , Redi-Abshiro Mesfin , Ele Yaya Estifanos
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT. Teff [Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter] is cereal grain native to Ethiopia as staple food to millions of people. However, no research work has been reported for characterization with respect to water-soluble total sugars and total free amino acids in white and brown teff grains. The main objective of this study was to determine water-soluble total sugars and total free amino acids (TFAA) in the white and brown teff grain varieties. The determined water-soluble total sugar contents of white and brown teff grain sample extract was ranged between  2.69±0.12 – 4.56±0.08 g GE/100 g and 2.22±0.04 – 4.74±0.19  g GE/100 g, respectively. The mean TFAA contents for white and brown teff samples was found in the range between 181.4±30.0 – 638.9±42.6 mg AE/100 g and 471.7±37.0 – 927.1±32.4 mg AE/100 g, respectively. The mean value of the TFAA in brown teff samples was found higher than that of white teff samples. Pearson correlation was in the opposite direction, indicating that the biosynthetic pathways for the water-soluble total sugars and TFAA in both white and brown teff varieties might be opposite. Therefore, the present study indicated that teff is rich in the water-soluble total sugars and TFAA.

 

KEY WORDS: Teff, Sugars, Amino acids, Glucose, Ninhydrin, UV-Vis spectrophotometry

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 299-313.                                              

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.5
Complexation of alkaline earth metals Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ with adrenaline hormone: Synthesis, spectroscopic and antimicrobial analysis
Authors: Majid A. Adam Abdel , S. Refat Moamen , Gaber Ahmed , Grabchev Ivo
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT. Adrenaline complexes with bivalent ions Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ in methanol at 60 oC were prepared. The prepared complexes were isolated and characterized using elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, mid infrared, Raman laser, UV-Vis., 1H–NMR spectra, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Upon the spectroscopic, conductivity and elemental analyses, the stoichiometric reactions indicated 1:2 (M:L) for Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ complexes [Ca(Adr)2(H2O)2](H2O)4Cl2, [Sr(Adr)2(H2O)2]Cl2 and [Ba(Adr)2(H2O)6]Cl2 while the molar ratio of 1:1 (M:L) for Mg2+ with a formula [Mg2(Adr)2(H2O)7]Cl4. The interpretation of Raman and infrared spectra confirmed the coordination mode, which was through the two-catechol moiety OH phenolic groups. The in vitro antibacterial activity of adrenaline chelates that have been tested against three gram-positive bacteria, two gram-negative bacteria, and two strains of fungus showed that antimicrobial activity of the metal chelates are more effective than the adrenaline free ligand.

 

KEY WORDS: Adrenaline, heavy metals, infrared, biological outcomes

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 357-372.                                                               

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.9
Environmental and Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of Solid Waste Management Practices in Mbale city, Uganda
Authors: Turyahabwe Remigio , Asaba Joyfred , Mulabbi Andrew , Wamono Emma , Gudoyi Paul Makoba
Published: December 2022

This study assessed the environmental and socio-economic impact of waste management practices in Mbale city. We used questionnaires, interviews, focused group discussions and field observations to collect the required data, which was analysed using basic descriptive statistics and Chi square test (χ2).  Results indicate that, the solid waste management practices employed in Mbale City resulted into degradation of air quality (P<0.001), water quality (P<0.001) and land (P<0.101). Socio-economic analysis indicated that costs of waste management practices outweighed the benefits. The management practices were associated with severe health issues to the households living near dumpsites and waste management employees, although revenue and employment opportunities were also created in some instances in remote areas of the city there is limited sorting of hazardous from ordinary wastes that have come with associated effects on the environment. A conclusion was reached that, despite employing many citizens, the present solid waste management practices in Mbale City responsible for injuries incurred by scavengers (waste collectors), land and air quality degradation as citizens lack knowledge of proper waste management systems. Therefore, City authorities should sensitize the masses on best waste management practices like sorting and recycling and provide incentives for collection, sorting and assemblage of recyclable non-biodegradable wastes.
Prevalence of Dental Traumas and Mouthguard use Among Contact Sports’ Players in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Uwayezu Donat , Nzabonimana Emmanuel , Dufitinema Emmanuel , Dushimirimana Egide , Tuyishimire Alexandre , Dukuzumuremyi Claude , Ntigura Eustache , Gatarayiha Agnes , Uwambaye Peace
Published: December 2022

Background

Dental traumas are widely prevalent in contact sports and are among the main public oral health concerns. They are attributed to nonuse and/or insufficient use of mouth guards, as protective means, for players in the game.

Objectives

The study aims to assess the prevalence of dental traumas among the contact sports and to determine the significance of using mouth guards in the prevention of such traumas.

Methodology

This was a cross sectional study conducted on the selected sports games in Kigali city, Rwanda. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and analysed for any associations between independent variables and dependent variable with chi-square and logistic regression tests. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used for the analysis.

Results

The prevalence of dental trauma was 58.9% among contact sports players in Kigali. Most respondents had information about mouth guards (94.7%) and many of them (62.2%) affirmed they could prevent dental traumas. This study has shown a significant association between dental traumas and mouth-guard use where players who did not use mouthguards were 5.8 times more likely to have dental traumas compared to those who used them regularly [OR=5.81;95% CI=2.44-13.82; p<0.001].

Conclusion

A high prevalence of dental traumas was observed among the players despite the proven protection of using mouthguards. Therefore, putting emphasis on regular use of mouthguards would result in a huge reduction of risk and keep those traumas to a minimum.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(3):315-322
Prevalence and Risk Factors For Intestinal Nematodes Infections among Primary School Children at Kigeme Refugee Camp, Southern Province, Rwanda
Authors: Nzitakera Augustin , Turinayo Jean d’Amour , Uwiragiye Jean Baptiste , Mukakalisa Doreen , Dushimirimana Emmanuel , Kanimba Philbert
Published: December 2022

Background

Intestinal parasitic infections are common in camps of internally displaced people or refugees. Although, much has been done in Rwanda for their control in the general population, little is known about the prevalence among children in refugees’ camps.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal nematodes infections and associated risk factors among primary school children at Kigeme refugee camp, southern province of Rwanda in 2021.

Methods

A cross sectional study was conducted; a total number of 383 stool samples were collected and examined using formal ether concentration technique.

Results

Approximately, one out of two participants (48.0%) were found to be infected with at least one intestinal nematode. Ascaris lumbricoides was found to be most prevalent (81%), followed by Trichirus trichiura (7.1%) and hookworm (3.8%). Parental illiteracy was identified as a risk factor, while knowledge on transmission roots of intestinal nematodes was seen as a protective factor.

Conclusion

Family members and parental education in particular is key as far as prevention of intestinal nematodes infections is concerned. Enhancement of public health education about hygiene and sanitation as well as regular mass drug administration could be important in fighting against intestinal parasitic infections.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(3):332-339
“Light thickens; and the crow/Makes wing to the rooky wood”: Birds and the blurring of boundaries between real and metaphorical nature in Joel Coen’s Macbeth
Authors: Heise-von der Lippe Anya
Published: December 2022

This article discusses how the recent film adaptation of Macbeth directed by Joel Coen (2021) uses nature imagery – most prominently birds – to visualise ambiguities of literal and metaphorical meaning already inherent in the language of Shakespeare’s play, as well as Akira Kurosawa’s filmic adaptation Throne of Blood (1958). My arguments focus on the visual strategies used in Coen’s film to stylise the language of Shakespeare’s text for today’s cinematic audiences by drawing attention to the ways in which elements of nature are connected to specific characters, serving as harbingers of their emotional states and developments.
Carmelo Bene’s misreadings of Hamlet and Macbeth: A decolonial perspective?
Authors: D’ Abdon Raphael
Published: December 2022

Drawing on some of the most influential studies on Carmelo Bene, this article aims to offer interpretive tools that will enhance viewers’ and listeners’ appreciation of his misreadings of Hamlet and Macbeth. It also suggests that la scrittura di scena (scenic writing) and la macchina attoriale (the actorial machine), his most celebrated inventions as an actor, dramatist and musicologist, are two theatrical methods that could possibly assist the ongoing decolonial reinvention of Shakespeare’s stories in the (South) African context. The article provides introductory biographical notes on Bene and an overview of his main literary and philosophical influences. It then discusses the key concepts of scenic writing and the actorial machine as applied to Bene’s rewriting of Hamlet and Macbeth. Finally, it suggests some potential lines of research for decolonial scholars, playwrights, actors and poets from South Africa and beyond.
Quizzical Shakespeare: Balancing information and informality
Authors: Ritchie Linda
Published: December 2022

No abstract.
Unveiling mesophotic diversity in Hawai‘i: two new species in the genera Halopeltis and Leptofauchea (Rhodymeniales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Alvarado Erika A. , Cabrera Feresa P. , Paiano Monica O. , Fumo James T. , Spalding Heather L. , Smith Celia M. , Leonard Jason C. , Lopes Jr. Keolohilani H. , Kosaki Randall K. , Sherwood Alison R.
Published: December 2022

Two genera of the Rhodymeniales, Halopeltis and Leptofauchea, are here reported for the first time from the Hawaiian Islands and represent the deepest records for both genera. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), rbcL, and large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU) sequences for Hawaiian specimens of Leptofauchea revealed one well-supported clade of Hawaiian specimens and three additional lineages. One of these clades is described here as Leptofauchea huawelau sp. nov., and is thus far known only from mesophotic depths at Penguin Bank in the Main Hawaiian Islands. L. huawelau sp. nov. is up to 21 cm, and is the largest known species. An additional lineage identified in the LSU and rbcL analyses corresponds to the recently described L. lucida from Western Australia, and is a new record for Hawai‘i. Hawaiian Halopeltis formed a well-supported clade along with H. adnata from Korea, the recently described H. tanakae from mesophotic depths in Japan, and H. willisii from North Carolina, and is here described as Halopeltis nuahilihilia sp. nov. H. nuahilihilia sp. nov. has a distinctive morphology of narrow vegetative axes that harbor constrictions along their length. The current distribution of H. nuahilihilia includes mesophotic depths around W. Maui, W. Moloka‘i, and the island of Hawai‘i in the Main Hawaiian Islands. Few reproductive characters were observed because of the small number of specimens available; however, both species are distinct based on phylogeny and morphology. These descriptions further emphasize the Hawaiian mesophotic zone as a location harboring many undescribed species of marine macroalgae.
Tropical red alga Compsopogon caeruleus: an indicator of thermally polluted waters of Europe in the context of temperature and oxygen requirements
Authors: Rybak Andrzej S. , Woyda-Ploszczyca Andrzej M.
Published: December 2022

The red alga Compsopogon caeruleus can generally be found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. In addition to its natural habitats, this species may be found in waters that receive abnormally hot water, e.g., from powerhouses. To date, the presence of C. caeruleus has not been observed in thermally polluted lacustrine ecosystems in Poland, which has a moderate climate. The thalli of this red alga were found growing on Vallisneria spiralis in Licheńskie Lake. Importantly, this paper presents a previously unknown relationship between the temperature (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C) and oxygen requirements of C. caeruleus (based on ex situ measurements of O2 consumption by thalli). Surprisingly, 35°C can be the optimum temperature for C. caeruleus, and this temperature is higher than the values reported by some previous thermal analyses by approximately 10°C. Additionally, we reviewed and mapped the distribution of this nonnative and mesophilic red alga in natural / seminatural water ecosystems in Europe. Finally, we propose that the occurrence of C. caeruleus mature thalli can be a novel, simple and easy-to-recognize bioindicator of artificially and permanently heated waters in moderate climate zones by a regular discharge of postindustrial water.
Polyphenol-rich Sargassum horneri alleviates atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by suppressing Th2-mediated cytokine IL-13
Authors: Mihindukulasooriya Suyama Prasansali , Kim Hyo Jin , Cho Jinhee , Madushani Herath Kalahe Hewage Iresha Nadeeka , Yang Jiwon , Dinh Duong Thi Thuy , Ko Mi-Ok , Jeon You-Jin , Ahn Ginnae , Jee Youngheun
Published: December 2022

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of major skin inflammatory diseases characterized by excessive Th2-mediated immune responses. Recent evidence provides that interlukin-13 (IL-13) plays the role of a key Th2 cytokine that drives the inflammation underlining AD. Due to adverse effects of commercially available synthetic drugs, the need for treatments based on natural products is gaining much attention. Sargassum horneri is an edible brown algae known for beneficial bioactivities including anti-inflammation. We investigated if polyphenol-rich S. horneri extracts (SHE) could suppress AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice and if that involved inhibition of the infiltration of Th2-mediated cytokine IL-13. We observed markedly increased infiltration of IL-13 positive cells in AD-like skin lesions of mice but SHE treatments decreased it. Also, the dermal expression of IL-13 was sufficient to cause inflammatory responses in mice skin resembling human AD. SHE suppressed the dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells where IL-13 plays a crucial role in skin tissues and in the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, it was confirmed that SHE reduced T cell, dendritic cell, and macrophage populations in spleen. Moreover, SHE decreased the collagen deposition in skin and ear dermis resulting in reduced fibrosis that occurs in AD due to excessive collagen. Taken together, our results reveal that SHE suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells into skin dermis by decreasing the infiltration of IL-13 positive cells. Therefore, SHE could be taken as a useful therapeutic agent to alleviate AD.
Rethinking the Catholic Charismatic Renewal Movement: an African ecclesiological approach
Authors: Kgatle Mookgo Solomon , Lephoto Mokone Bruno
Published: December 2022

The Catholic Charismatic Renewal Movement accepts and practices the beliefs in the gifts of the Holy Spirit without leaving the fundamental teachings of a mainline tradition. Similarly, in the Catholic Church, this is a movement that has embraced the gifts of the Holy Spirit without leaving Catholicism. The movement has been influenced largely by the protestant tradition, particularly the Pentecostal movement, hence some resemblances with Pentecostal ecclesiological practices such as charismatic worship, prophecy, divine healing, and speaking in tongues. Previous studies on this movement have only looked at the various challenges or attacks on the movement such as shifting their focus away from the church ordinances and sacraments. What is new in this article, is a reflection on the practices of the charismatic renewal in offering a relevant African ecclesiology. This will be done by locating this article within an African ecclesiological approach which when applied to the charismatic renewal makes the movement relevant to an African context.
Investigation of antioxidant properties of olive leave extracts from Hatay by different extraction methods
Authors: AĞÇAM Seda , OZYILMAZ Gül
Published: December 2022

In this study, it was aimed to compare the antioxidant properties of the extracts obtained from the extraction of olive leaves in Hatay province prepared with different solvents. For this purpose, olive leaves were extracted using pure methyl alcohol with soxhlet and also by maceration using 60% ethanol, 70% methanol, 90% acetone (v/v) and distilled water. Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Ferric Antioxidant Reducing Power (FRAP), DPPH radical scavenging avctivity, ABTS Cation Radical Scavenging activity and total sulfydryl groups by Ellman methods were used to determine the antioxidant properties of the extracts. As a result of the study, the highest TFC values per g leaf and g extract were obtained for 70% methanol maceration and soxhlet-methanol extract, respectively, while the highest TPC observed per leaf and g extract were determined in the extracts obtained with 90% acetone. In the FRAP method, the extract obtained with 60% Ethanol showed the highest activity per g leaf and g extract. Extracts obtained with Soxhlet showed the highest activity for both ABTS activity and Ellman method. In the DPPH method, the lowest EC50 value was determined in the extract obtained using 70% methanol, and it was determined that the extracts obtained with water showed the lowest performance in all antioxidant activity methods.
Capital Structure, Financial Capacity and Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in the Buganda Region, Uganda
Authors: Mugisha Henry , Omagwa Job , Kilika James
Published: December 2022

Small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) are drivers of economic growth in developed and emerging economies like Uganda. Although they constitute a large proportion of businesses, the SMEs’ financial performance has been unstable over the years, and in extant literature this issue has been attributed to capital structure and other financing decisions. Empirical evidence indicates that more than 50% of SMEs in Uganda cease their operations within the first three years of operation, citing financial capacity issues such as inadequate liquidity. Hence, the aim of this work was to determine the mediating effect of financial capacity in the relationship between SME capital structure and financial performance. The study design was anchored in the agency, free cash flow, and stakeholder theories and the relevant data were gathered via a cross-sectional survey. A stratified sampling method was used to identify SMEs operating in the target area, and one respondent was purposively selected from every chosen SME. Although questionnaires were sent to 453 SMEs, only 423 valid questionnaires were obtained and were subjected to further analyses. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. The mediation test results indicate a partial but statistically significant mediation effect of financial capacity in the capital structure−financial performance relationship. We thus conclude that high levels of financial capacity strengthen the effect of capital structure on the financial performance of SMEs. Consequently, we recommend that SMEs maintain optimal levels of liquidity as well as financial solvency to optimize financial performance.