bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing HIV public stigma through news information engagement on social media: A multi-method study of the role of state empathy
Authors: He Along , Liu Hao , Tian Yuanzi
Published: November 2022

Media exposure and news frames have been shown to influence on public stigma and discrimination. However, the mechanisms potentially resulting in HIV public stigma are not fully understood. The purpose of this research was to explore the positive role of state empathy in reducing HIV public stigma through news information engagement. The first cross-sectional study explored the relationships between news information engagement, state empathy, and HIV public stigma. A group of college students (N = 408) were invited to complete self-report measures. The results indicated that state empathy mediated the relationship between news information engagement and HIV public stigma. The follow-up experimental study examined whether reading different news, operationalized as news information engagement on social media, increased or reduced state empathy, which in turn would affect HIV public stigma. The second group of participants (N = 120) was randomly assigned to three experimental conditions (positive, neutral, and negative news). State empathy, HIV public stigma, and HIV/AIDS scientific knowledge were assessed at 20-day intervals to establish the baseline and evaluate post-experiment levels. Significant differences were observed in the three experimental groups. The results suggest that news information engagement is beneficial in reducing HIV public stigma by cultivating state empathy. News articles with positive descriptions and HIV/AIDS scientific knowledge articles reported on social media can be used to develop interventions for reducing public stigma.
Understanding perceived characteristics and causes of orthorexia nervosa in online communities—A Reddit analysis
Authors: Opitz Marie-Christine , Newman Emily , Sharpe Helen
Published: November 2022

The present study analysed individual experiences of orthorexia nervosa (ON), a term commonly associated with obsessive health behaviors. With no universal definition available in research or practice, this study aimed to analyse six months of publicly available Reddit data to identify common characteristics and perceived causes of ON as reported in eating disorder- (ED) and diet-related subreddits. A Python code was used to extract comments from a publicly available Reddit data archive. To explore themes for each category of subreddit, a text-mining approach was combined with thematic analysis within a social constructionist framework. In both subreddit categories, the manifestation of ON was conceptualized in the context of shifting ED expressions and associated with the perception of food as a threat as well as the pursuit of superiority. In ED-subreddits, commenters discussed ON as a safety mechanism for health anxieties, the role of the body as visualising ON, and ON’s role within a proactive selfcare culture. Diet-related subreddit themes encompassed the conceptualization of ON as health perfectionism, ON’s underlying mental health concerns, and ON pathology as the result of problematic norms. The analysis of 246 online comments revealed a wide scope of ON conceptualizations and highlighted the need for a coherent diagnostic model of ON, which takes into account sociocultural as well as individual factors.
HISTORICAL BUILDINGS TURNED INTO MUSEUMS
Authors:   Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Architecture, İzmir, Türkiye, Akyüz Eti
Published: November 2022

Historical buildings are tangible heritage elements that need to be kept alive for reasons such as creating a bridge between the past and the future, being an inseparable part of the identity of the settlements, and reflecting information on many issues from the architecture of the period to the lifestyle. However, criteria such as changing world and living conditions, environmental factors, economic conditions, family structure make it impossible to use them with their original functions over time. In this case, the buildings in question should be evaluated with a secondary function suitable for their environment, architecture and structure. One of these functions is the use as a museum. The aim of the study is to examine the suitability of the museum function for the historical buildings and their restoration in the context of universal criteria and regulations, through selected examples from different countries. In this respect, dialectical method and sampling method are used in the study, and the subject is discussed with different dimensions. The scope of the study is limited to the examples selected from historical buildings with different original functions turned into museums. In this context, it is emphasized that refunctioning of historical buildings as museums is important in terms of making them accessible to everyone, exhibiting the building together with the artifacts, and ensuring its sustainability.
ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE OF KARABAKH AND EASTERN ZANGEZUR
Authors:   Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, Mammadova Gulchohra
Published: November 2022

Architectural monuments of Karabakh and Eastern Zangezur located in the southwestern part of Azerbaijan as an integral part of the architectural heritage of the country had permanently been the subject of study in the 20th century. Some monuments were studied in the context of historical development of Azerbaijani architecture as examples of various architectural types and were included in the periodization and classification of medieval architecture. However, there is a need for a deeper study of rich architectural heritage of these regions, which are closely related to each other from geographic, historical and economic points of viewbased on its common roots, peculiarities and characteristic features, common historical development. Of great interest is the study of the history of the formation and development of architecture, identification of common sources and traditions, links and connections with the architecture of other parts of Azerbaijan precisely in the Karabakh-Zangezur region. The general catastrophe that befell the architectural and cultural heritage of the region as a whole due to the Armenian occupation over the past 30 years has predetermined the need and urgency for the creation of a scientific basis for its restoration and protection This article talks about the historical and current state of the monuments of Karabakh and Eastern Zangezur, examines various aspects of the historical development of the investigated area associated with the formation of Azerbaijan culture at different historical stages.
ANALYSIS OF THE RISK FACTORS OF THE POSTPARTUM BLUES IN THE WIJAYA KUSUMA
Authors: Qonita  , Umalihayati  , Vega Muhida
Published: November 2022

Background During the postpartum period, postpartum mothers will experience physiological, psychological and social adaptations. However, not all postpartum mothers can pass the adaptation to the postpartum period smoothly. Postpartum mothers may experience psychological disorders during childbirth, one of which is anxiety. The incidence of post partum blues around the world is quite high, namely 26-85%. These data show 81% maternal mortality rate (AKI) due to complications during pregnancy and childbirth, and 25% cases of post partum blues. The incidence of post partum blues in Indonesia ranges from 50-70% in post partum mothers

Objective To analyze the risk factors that influence the occurrence of postpartum blues in the Wijaya Kusuma

Methods: The research design used is a type of analytical study with a cross sectional approach where the dependent variable is postpartum blues and the independent variable is risk factors, such as age, education, employment status, economic status, parity, pregnancy status, type of delivery and social support. husband. The population in this study was 2,408 people and the sample used was 97 respondents with the technique of taking in this study using accidental sampling technique. Result There were 24 postpartum blues (24.7%) of postpartum blues. Primiparous parity has a 6,686 times chance for the occurrence of postpartum blues compared to multiparous parity (OR = 6,686; 95% CI: 1,644-27,184) and husband's social support has less chance of 29,777 times for the occurrence of postpartum blues compared to good husband's social support (OR = 29,777; 95% CI: 2,679-330,941). Meanwhile, the factors that are proven not to be risk factors for the occurrence of postpartum blues are: age, education, employment status, economic status, pregnancy status and type of delivery. Conclusion Husband's social support is the most dominant risk factor contributing to the postpartum blues. Preventive action is needed, such as involving husbands in providing information about maternal and child health, as well as anticipating early detection of postpartum blues with the quality of extracting patient information (anamnesis), so as to reduce the incidence of postpartum blues.
Diabetic Foot Ulcer Complicated with Fracture and Osteomyelitis: X-ray Findings
Authors: Tjahjadi Joseph Christian , Setiawan Annisa Shania , Dharma Grace Chillia Surya , Mulyati Irma Devi , Anugrah Budi , Dwiputri Nada Adhityas , Siagian Paula Tama , Rusli Mathias , Kustiawan Wawan
Published: November 2022

Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the complications of patients who have diabetes mellitus which is not well controlled. It is resulted from poor glycemic control, underlying neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, and poor foot care. It could lead to osteomyelitis of the foot and amputation of lower extremities. Detailed history taking should be done in order to get a holistic view of disease progression and risk factors. Clinical presentations such as the presence of callus, loss of hair, muscle atrophy, ulcer, paresthesia, hypo- or hyperesthesia, anhydrosis could be present. Ulcers are most common in the weight-bearing areas such as plantar metatarsal head, heel, tips of hammer toes, and other prominent areas. Radiological investigations including plain x-rays should be done in order to look for any underlying osteomyelitis, the presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue, any signs of underlying fractures, and presence of a foreign body. In this case study, we presented X-ray finding of a diabetic foot ulcer case that complicated with fracture and osteomyelitis.
Ultrasonography Findings in Acute Appendicitis: A Case Study
Authors: Prasethio Angelina Vanessa , Fam Aldwin Wiranata , Giovina Ayen , Lukmanta Hendi Fuki , Anjani Ingrid , Purniawati Kadek Ayu Sri , Pelangi Komang Intania Putri , Ariani Mutia Utami , Shabrina Pinkan Al , Rusli Mathias
Published: November 2022

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common diagnosis suspected in patients with acute abdominal pain. Classic symptoms such as right iliac fossa pain, anorexia, nausea, constipation, and vomiting only occur in 50% of cases. Thus, other diagnostic modalities are still needed to help doctors conclude the definitive diagnosis that lead to prompt treatment. Ultrasound examination of the abdomen could be good choice since it is relatively faster, cheaper, and quite accurate in diagnosing appendicitis. This study presents an example of ultrasonography examination of patient with abdominal pain suspected of appendicitis. Ultrasound imaging showed echoic inflamed fat with appendix diameter of 13,1 mm indicates acute inflammation of appendicitis. Dilated appendix which is more than 6 mm in size was one of the supportive sign to propose appendicitis. This finding was in line with the patient’s signs and symptoms, thus acute appendicitis was diagnosed. The patient went to surgery and appendectomy was performed. This study showed us how abdominal ultrasound could add diagnostic value to diagnose acute appendicitis.
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL): Case Report
Authors: Azis Fikrilah Abdul , Kamilah Afiya Shafa , Restyani Arifiana Larasati , Miraghassani Athaya , Widyastuti Henny
Published: November 2022

Background

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) commonly known as sudden deafness, is an unexplained, rapid loss of hearing either all at once or over a few days in which patients experience a sudden drop in hearing. It is commonly linked to infections, head trauma, autoimmune diseases, iatrogenic, severe infections, blood circulation problems, neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, disorders of the inner ear, such as Ménière’s disease, and even metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus. We presented a case of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in a secondary hospital in Indonesia to add more knowledge on this topic.

Case presentation

A 76-year-old male, had chief complain of a sudden right sided hearing loss. There were no other symptoms and he had no history of trauma to the ear. The patient had hypertension and consumed amlodipine and clonidine regularly. Patient had normal otoscopic and rhinoscopy examination results. Audiometry shown a hearing threshold of 37 dB in the left ear and 117 dB in the right ear, both in air and bone conducted pure-tone stimuli and tympanogram showed type As in both ears. A diagnosis of right ear sudden sensorineural hearing loss was made, and medical treatment consisted of methylprednisolone, acyclovir, mecobalamin, vitamin B6, ranitidine and omeprazole were given to the patient.

Conclusion

Pathophysiology of this disease are labyrinthine viral infection, labyrinthine vascular compromise, intracochlear membrane ruptures, and immune-mediated inner ear disease. In our case, we suspect that both ischemic vascular disease and viral infection as the cause of ISHHL. If there is no definitive or treatable etiology found, treatment regimen should be dictated by the most likely factors involved, which were systemic steroids and acyclovir in our case.
Training of personnel for the healthcare sector at the initial stage of development of the People's Republic of China (1949-1960)
Authors: Aktamov Innokentii Galimalaevich , Bodoev Aleksandr Vasil'evich
Published: November 2022

This article is devoted to the study of issues of cooperation between the USSR and the PRC in the field of personnel training for the healthcare sector in the 1949-1960-ies. Based on the analysis of archival data, sources and literature on this topic, the authors came to the conclusion that after the establishment of diplomatic relations between the countries in 1949, intensive interaction began in various sectors of the economy and public life. The research focuses on the features of building the healthcare system as a whole, as well as training personnel for this area at the initial stage of development of the Chinese state and its healthcare system.    It is revealed that despite the short historical period of active cooperation, China, with the help of the USSR, was able to integrate the Soviet model into the national health system, which allowed solving one of the acute social problems in the specified historical period. In addition, the Soviet model of public health made it possible to deal in a timely manner with the threats of the spread of diseases, including those of a mass nature, up to the present time. The authors concluded that the development of cooperation in the field of healthcare between our countries can be divided into five main stages. The period 1949-1960 is the most effective, since it was at this time that comprehensive assistance was provided by the USSR.
Political and Legal Mechanisms of Interaction between the EAEU and its Member States and UNIDO in the Scientific, Echnical, Industrial and technological Spheres
Authors: Shugurov Mark Vladimirovich
Published: November 2022

The subject of the study is the international legal cooperation of the EAEU and its member states, on the one hand, and UNIDO, on the other, in the scientific, technical, industrial and technological spheres in the context of the challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The purpose of the article is to determine the content of the political and legal mechanisms of cooperation between the EAEU and its member states with UNIDO, represented by political, organizational, legal and regulatory legal instruments. The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that, taking into account the development of industry against the background of modern challenges, there is an objective need for cooperation with international organizations operating in the industrial sphere and having knowledge and experience in promoting industrial development and updating the technological base.  As a result of the conducted research, the relevance of cooperation between the EAEU and its member states with UNIDO in the scientific, technical, industrial and technological spheres is substantiated in the light of the strategic guidelines of the EAEU and its states in the field of reindustrialization. The author revealed the content of the political and legal mechanism of interaction of the EAEU member states with UNIDO and at the same time determined the specifics of the content of the political and legal mechanism of interaction between the EAEU and UNIDO. The novelty of the research lies both in the systematization of data on the international legal cooperation of the EAEU and UNIDO in the scientific, technical, industrial and technological spheres, and in the development of proposals for improving its political and legal mechanism, which is not only theoretical, but also practical.
Understanding the links between cardiovascular and psychiatric conditions
Authors: Amarasekera Sonali , Jha Prabhat
Published: November 2022

Individuals recently diagnosed with a cardiovascular disease are at higher risk of developing a mental illness, with mortality increasing when both conditions are present.
Superimposed vibration on suspended push-ups
Authors: Buscà Bernat , Aguilera-Castells Joan , Arboix-Alió Jordi , Miró Adrià , Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe Azahara , Huertas Pol , Peña Javier
Published: November 2022

Background

Superimposition of vibration has been proposed in sports training using several devices and methods to enhance muscle activation and strength adaptations. Due to the popularity of suspension training, vibration systems have recently been developed to increase the effects of this training method. The present cross-sectional study aims to examine the effects of superimposing vibration on one of the most popular exercises in strength and conditioning programs: push-ups.

Methods

Twenty-eight physically active men and women executed push-ups in three suspended conditions (non-vibration, vibration at 25 Hz, and vibration at 40 Hz). OMNI-Res scale was registered, and surface electromyographic signals were measured for the activity of the right and left external oblique, anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, sternal, and clavicular heads of the pectoralis major.

Results

A linear mixed model indicated a significant fixed effect for vibration at 25 Hz and 40 Hz on muscle activity. Suspended push-ups with superimposed vibration (25 Hz and 40 Hz) showed a significant higher activity on left (25 Hz: p = 0.036, d = 0.34; 40 Hz: p = 0.003, d = 0.48) and right external oblique (25 Hz: p = 0.004, d = 0.36; 40 Hz: p = 0.000, d = 0.59), anterior deltoid (25 Hz: p = 0.032, d = 0.44; 40 Hz: p = 0.003, d = 0.64), and global activity (25 Hz: p = 0.000, d = 0.55; 40 Hz: p = 0.000, d = 0.83) compared to non-vibration condition. Moreover, OMNI-Res significant differences were found at 25 Hz (6.04 ± 0.32, p = 0.000 d = 4.03 CI = 3.27, 4.79) and 40 Hz (6.21 ± 0.36 p = 0.00 d = 4.29 CI = 3.49, 5.08) compared to the non-vibration condition (4.75 ± 0.32).

Conclusion

Superimposing vibration is a feasible strategy to enhance the muscle activity of suspended push-ups.
MODELOWANIE TARCIA W FAZIE ROZRUCHU ŁOŻYSKA ŚLIZGOWEGO
Authors: MAZURKOW Aleksander , KALINA Adam
Published: November 2022

Zagwarantowanie prawidłowej pracy łożyska wymaga znajomości parametrów pracy zarówno dla fazy rozruchu, stanu ustalonego jak i wybiegu. W publikacji przedstawiono modele łożysk ślizgowych opisujące rozruch, gdy czop się nie obraca (ωJ = 0). Modele te sformułowano wychodząc zarówno z teorii Hertza jak i teorii sprężystości. Obliczone parametry pracy z zastosowaniem teorii Hertza oraz modelu panewki nierozciętej znacznie się różnią. Dla stanu ustalonego, gdy ωJ = const, wa runki pracy wyznaczono z równań hydrodynamicznej teorii smarowania. Badania porównawcze wykazują, że przy większych obciążeniach o prawidłowej pracy ło żyska mogą decydować naciski w strefie kontaktu czop–panewka a nie maksymalne ciśnienia, czy też maksymalne temperatury oleju.
Risk factors for recurrence of suicide attempt / Fatores de risco para reincidência da tentativa de suicídio
Authors: Silva Daniel Augusto da , Marcolan João Fernando
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: analisar fatores de risco para reincidência da tentativa de suicídio em pessoas atendidas na Unidade de Pronto Atendimento em Assis, SP, Brasil. Método: estudo quantitativo, participantes que tentaram o suicídio e atendidos na unidade referência. Entrevistas entre dezembro de 2017 e novembro de 2019. Divididos entre os que tentaram suicídio pela primeira vez e reincidentes. Utilizou-se teste Exato de Fisher, teste t-Student para duas amostras e Análise de Regressão Logística Múltipla. Resultados: 113 participantes, sendo 80 (70,8%) reincidentes, pois afirmaram histórico prévio de tentativa de suicídio e 33 (20,2%) ser a primeira vez. Conclusão: A faixa etária de 20 a 47 anos, a auto percepção de viver relações familiares negativas, a existência de transtorno mental, a existência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e pessoas sem histórico de tentativa de suicídio na família foram os fatores de risco com associação estatística para a ocorrência da reincidência da tentativa de suicídio.
A influência da extensão universitária na criação de habilidades e competências durante a graduação
Authors: Colares Ribeiro Luisa , Jardim Dourado Thalia , Teoli Nunciaroni Andressa , Rodrigues da Rocha Cristiane , Pinheiro Israel Vinicius , Castello Branco de Andrade Gonçalves Édira
Published: November 2022

A extensão consiste em uma das áreas mais dinâmicas dentro da universidade, que coloca em prática a missão social do ensino na participação da construção da cidadania impactando diretamente na formação acadêmica de jovens universitários, sendo assim uma fonte enriquecedora de saberes populares e difusão de conhecimento e vivências. Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência e seus impactos na formação acadêmica ao atuar no projeto de extensão interinstitucional Esporte Sem Parar, realizado no Rio de Janeiro. A atuação nesse projeto rendeu aos bolsistas extensionistas diversos benefícios acadêmicos e pessoais como a aquisição de habilidades de organização, comunicação, responsabilidade e autonomia através do desenvolvimento de artigos científicos, cartilha, postagens de conteúdos em redes sociais, além da organização de eventos online. Assim como, beneficiou a comunidade através do acesso à prática de atividade física e de informações referentes à saúde promovendo dessa forma o autocuidado. Portanto, a atuação na extensão agrega na formação dos alunos e amplia a sua visão fora dos muros da universidade.
Mitochondrial [2Fe‐2S] ferredoxins: new functions for old dogs
Authors: Schulz Vinzent , Freibert Sven‐A. , Boss Linda , Mühlenhoff Ulrich , Stehling Oliver , Lill Roland
Published: November 2022

Ferredoxins (FDXs) comprise a large family of iron–sulfur proteins that shuttle electrons from NADPH and FDX reductases into diverse biological processes. This review focuses on the structure, function and specificity of mitochondrial [2Fe‐2S] FDXs that are related to bacterial FDXs due to their endosymbiotic inheritance. Their classical function in cytochrome P450‐dependent steroid transformations was identified around 1960, and is exemplified by mammalian FDX1 (aka adrenodoxin). Thirty years later the essential function in cellular Fe/S protein biogenesis was discovered for the yeast mitochondrial FDX Yah1 that is additionally crucial for the formation of haem a and ubiquinone CoQ6. In mammals, Fe/S protein biogenesis is exclusively performed by the FDX1 paralog FDX2, despite the high structural similarity of both proteins. Recently, additional and specific roles of human FDX1 in haem a and lipoyl cofactor biosyntheses were described. For lipoyl synthesis, FDX1 transfers electrons to the radical S‐adenosyl methionine‐dependent lipoyl synthase to kickstart its radical chain reaction. The high target specificity of the two mammalian FDXs is contained within small conserved sequence motifs, that upon swapping change the target selection of these electron donors.
miR‐4734 conditionally suppresses ER stress‐associated proinflammatory responses
Authors: Michael Dan , Feldmesser Ester , Gonen Chagay , Furth Noa , Maman Alexander , Heyman Ori , Argoetti Amir , Tofield Adin , Baichman‐Kass Amichai , Ben‐Dov Aviyah , Benbenisti Dan , Hen Nadav , Rotkopf Ron , Ganci Federica , Blandino Giovanni , Ulitsky Igor , Oren Moshe
Published: November 2022

Prolonged metabolic stress can lead to severe pathologies. In metabolically challenged primary fibroblasts, we assigned a novel role for the poorly characterized miR‐4734 in restricting ATF4 and IRE1‐mediated upregulation of a set of proinflammatory cytokines and endoplasmic reticulum stress‐associated genes. Conversely, inhibition of this miRNA augmented the expression of those genes. Mechanistically, miR‐4734 was found to restrict the expression of the transcriptional activator NF‐kappa‐B inhibitor zeta (NFKBIZ), which is required for optimal expression of the proinflammatory genes and whose mRNA is targeted directly by miR‐4734. Concordantly, overexpression of NFKBIZ compromised the effects of miR‐4734, underscoring the importance of this direct targeting. As the effects of miR‐4734 were evident under stress but not under basal conditions, it may possess therapeutic utility towards alleviating stress‐induced pathologies.
Rh‐Catalyzed CH Functionalization with Alkene
Authors: Hanchate Vinayak , Sherikar Mahadev Sharanappa , Kumar Anil , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah
Published: November 2022

Rhodium‐catalyzed CH functionalization of alkenes has been summarized in this article. This article distinguished the alkenes (olefins) broadly into two categories, namely activated olefins and unactivated olefins, based on their polarizability. This article also highlights the recent advancements in Rh‐catalyzed CH functionalization using olefins as coupling partners and their reactivity in the presence of various directing groups. Besides, this article focuses on the mode of transformations and the possible mechanistic aspect under rhodium‐catalysis.
Ru‐Catalyzed CC Bond Formation Through Alcohol Dehydrogenative Coupling Strategy
Authors: Panja Dibyajyoti , Ganguli Kasturi , Kundu Sabuj
Published: November 2022

Finding a greener and more sustainable alternative to the waste generating conventional protocols for the synthesis of CC bonds is a challenging goal in current chemical research. In this context, utilization of alcohol dehydrogenative coupling strategy has gained significant importance as it uses bio‐mass derived alcohols as the reagent and produces water as the by‐product. In this article, following the borrowing hydrogen (BH) and acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling (ADC) strategy, the progress and the improvements of the Ru‐based catalytic systems using various bidentate and tridentate ligands with diverse electronic and steric compatibilities for the CC bond formation are summarized. Following these protocols, synthesis of several alkylated ketones, alcohols, nitriles, amides, and indoles was successfully executed. Utilizing alcohols, development of these Ru‐catalyzed atom‐economical, sustainable, and efficient CC bond formation protocols becomes one of the essential tools in organic chemistry to synthesize numerous value‐added products.
Arene–Ruthenium(II) Complexes in CH Functionalization: Role of Ligands
Authors: Binnani Chinky , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: November 2022

The extensive research in the field of CH bond activation/functionalization reactions demonstrated its significance and utility in achieving various organic transformations in an atom economic way. Indeed, such protocols have gathered the attention of the scientific community of several fields. Therefore, a wide range of molecular catalysts has been designed and developed for various CH bond functionalization protocols in this direction. Moreover, studies revealed that the presence of small molecules as ligands containing heteroatoms plays a crucial role in tuning the catalytic performance of the molecular catalyst. In the recent past, considerable progress has been observed in designing ligand‐accelerated CH bond activation protocols. The role of chiral carboxylic acid (CCA) ligands in enantioselective CH functionalization reaction is also discussed. This article describes the ligand‐accelerated arene–Ru(II)‐catalyzed CH bond functionalization reactions with particular reference to the role of ligands in tuning the selectivity and performance of the arene–Ru(II)‐based molecular catalysts.
Arynes in Transition Metal‐Catalyzed CH Activations
Authors: Sunnam Sunil Kumar
Published: November 2022

Arynes are the recently much‐celebrated intermediates albeit their discovery more than 120 years ago. Many active researchers are learning to exploit them in their new research fields. Arynes are involved in a myriad of chemical reactions including cycloadditions, nucleophilic additions, σ‐bond insertions, and metal‐catalyzed reactions. Metal‐catalyzed CH activation has emerged as a wonderful and ever‐growing tool in synthetic organic chemistry. This technique has been actively pursued by many chemists and is still considered to be in its infancy. Maneuvering arynes in metal‐catalyzed CH activation should bring out new chemical entities and should ease the assembly of complex organic molecules owing to the bi‐dentate nature, ease of handling, and the high reactivity of the arynes. This article focuses on this highly under‐developed topic of association of arynes in metal‐catalyzed CH activation chemistry.
Mechanistic Understandings of Gold‐Catalyzed CH Functionalization
Authors: Nijamudheen A. , Mandal Nilangshu , Datta Ayan
Published: November 2022

Selective carbon–carbon bond‐forming cross‐coupling reactions of unactivated substrates under mild reaction conditions through the CH bond activation is a holy grail in the synthetic organic chemistry, because of the far‐reaching applications in the pharmaceutical industries, materials science, chemical biology, agrochemicals, and polymer chemistry among others. Homogeneous gold catalysis has achieved tremendous success due to its very unique and efficient reactivity toward a variety of organic transformations. Here, we present a critical review of the emerging field of homogeneous gold‐catalyzed carbon–carbon bond‐forming homo/cross‐coupling reactions that involve a CH bond activation/functionalization step. Design ideas, mechanistic aspects, and challenges related to this important class of reactions are discussed. The article highlights select examples of Au‐promoted CH activation and functionalization through combined experimental and theoretical mechanistic studies.
CH Bond Fluorination
Authors: Yang Yifa , Shen Qilong
Published: November 2022

Approaches for direct CH fluorination via organometallic intermediates and carbon‐centered radicals were summarized. In the first section, recent progress on palladium‐catalyzed CH fluorination reactions including the scope as well as the mechanism (if investigated in detail) was discussed. The same transformation‐catalyzed by copper and nickel catalyst was further discussed as well. In the second section, two different types of radical fluorination approaches for CH fluorination with electrophilic fluorinating reagents and nucleophilic fluorides were reviewed. Following these two sections, miscellaneous methods for direct CH fluorination were covered in the third section.
Aromatic CH Bond Functionalization with Carbene Precursors
Authors: Hu Fangdong , Wang Jianbo
Published: November 2022

Metal carbene‐based cross‐coupling reactions have been established as a highly efficient approach for constructing carbon–carbon bonds. In the past decade, this type of newly developed cross‐coupling reaction has been successfully merged into CH bond activations. This article summarizes the recent developments in aromatic CH bond functionalizations with carbene precursors. All the transformations shown in this article are mechanistically related, with the common feature of metal carbene formation and subsequent migratory insertion. The article is mainly divided into two parts according to the formation of the products: namely the CH bond transformations without cyclization or with cyclization.
Direct CH Difluoroalkylation and Perfluoroalkylation of Heteroarenes
Authors: Fruit Corinne
Published: November 2022

This article summarizes the main recent achievements reported in transition metal‐catalyzed and metal‐free CH difluoromethylation and perfluoroalkylation using various fluoroalkyl‐coupling partners over the past decade, for constructing high‐valuable fluoro‐containing heteroarenes. This resume is mainly categorized based on different catalytic systems for each fluoroalkylation reaction. Difluoroalkylation that involves a metal‐catalyzed or a visible‐light‐induced reaction will be addressed first. Following this, the direct perfluoroalkylation of CH bonds under various reaction conditions will be covered. The overall aim is to paint a picture of the state of the art in difluoro‐ and perfluoroalkylation chemistry for medicinal chemists and point out how the recent innovative strategies have been able to positively affect the synthesis of new bioactive compounds.
Clinical treatment planning for kilovoltage radiotherapy using EGSnrc and Python
Authors: Nikandrovs Mihails , McClean Brendan , Shields Laura , McCavana Patrick , Vintró Luis León
Published: November 2022

Kilovoltage radiotherapy dose calculations are generally performed with manual point dose calculations based on water dosimetry. Tissue heterogeneities, irregular surfaces, and introduction of lead cutouts for treatment are either not taken into account or crudely approximated in manual calculations. Full Monte Carlo (MC) simulations can account for these limitations but require a validated treatment unit model, accurately segmented patient tissues and a treatment planning interface (TPI) to facilitate the simulation setup and result analysis.

EGSnrc was used in this work to create a model of Xstrahl kilovoltage unit extending the range of energies, applicators, and validation parameters previously published. The novel functionality of the Python‐based framework developed in this work allowed beam modification using custom lead cutouts and shields, commonly present in kilovoltage treatments, as well as absolute dose normalization using the output of the unit. 3D user‐friendly planning interface of the developed framework facilitated non‐co‐planar beam setups for CT phantom MC simulations in DOSXYZnrc.

The MC models of 49 clinical beams showed good agreement with measured and reference data, to within 2% for percentage depth dose curves, 4% for beam profiles at various depths, 2% for backscatter factors, 0.5 mm of absorber material for half‐value layers, and 3% for output factors.

End‐to‐end testing of the framework using custom lead cutouts resulted in good agreement to within 3% of absolute dose distribution between simulations and EBT3 GafChromic film measurements. Gamma analysis demonstrated poor agreement at the field edges which was attributed to the limitations of simulating smooth cutout shapes. Dose simulated in a heterogeneous phantom agreed to within 7% with measured values converted using the ratio of mass energy absorption coefficients of appropriate tissues and air.
A “Two‐Part” Resonance Circuit based Detachable Sweat Patch for Noninvasive Biochemical and Biophysical Sensing
Authors: Dong Yan , Liu Tzu‐Li , Chen Shulin , Nithianandam Prasad , Matar Keyan , Li Jinghua
Published: November 2022

Wearable electronics play important roles in noninvasive, continuous, and personalized monitoring of multiple biosignals generated by the body. To unleash their full potential for the next‐generation human‐centered bio‐integrated electronics, wireless sensing capability is a desirable feature. However, state‐of‐the‐art wireless sensing technologies exploit rigid and bulky electronic modules for power supply, signal generation, and data transmission. This study reports a battery‐free device technology based on a “two‐part” resonance circuit model with modularized, physically separated, and detachable functional units for magnetic coupling and biosensing. The resulting platform combines advantages of electronics and microfluidics with low cost, minimized form factors, and improved performance stability. Demonstration of a detachable sweat patch capable of simultaneous recording of cortisol concentration, pH value, and temperature highlights the potential of the “two‐part” circuit for advanced, transformative biosensing. The resulting wireless sensors provide a new engineering solution to monitoring biosignals through intimate and seamless integration with skin surfaces.
Self‐Steering Lasing System Enabled by Flexible Photo‐Actuators with Sandwich Structure
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Song , Lin Zhi‐Wei , Yeh Hui‐Chen , Liang Chi‐Min , Lin Jia‐De , Yang Po‐Chih , Lee Chia‐Rong
Published: November 2022

With the flourishing development of artificial intelligence, lasing with tailored features generated by photonic crystal (PhC) lasers has been playing a more important part in the optics field and in potential applications of self‐control, light detection and ranging, telecommunications, and holography imaging. As an information vehicle, the optical beam's maneuverability is influenced by the working wavelength, direction, and efficiency of the laser. Liquid crystal (LC)‐based mirrorless lasers are widely investigated in manipulating the tuning of emission wavelength. Realizing fast self‐steering of the laser beam to tune the emission direction is challenging because of the limitation on the complex and expensive inorganic fabrication and circuit design. In this work, a self‐steered lasing from a defect‐mode sandwich film composed of photomechanical deformable azobenzene cholesteric LC elastomer (CLCE) PhC layers and an isotropic gain interlayer is demonstrated. On the basis of the great light‐deformability of the CLCE, the output single‐mode lasing emission of the sandwich‐film laser can be steered quickly by UV irradiation in a wide angular tuning range of ≈±57°. This flexible, portable, and durable laser system with controllable beam‐steering and mechanical robustness is envisioned to open a gate for autonomous vehicles, self‐sustaining machines, and optical devices with the core feature of photomechanical conversion.
Constructing a Thin Disordered Self‐Protective Layer on the LiNiO2 Primary Particles Against Oxygen Release
Authors: Chen Jinniu , Yang Yang , Tang Yushu , Wang Yifan , Li Hang , Xiao Xianghui , Wang Suning , Darma Mariyam Susana Dewi , Etter Martin , Missyul Alexander , Tayal Akhil , Knapp Michael , Ehrenberg Helmut , Indris Sylvio , Hua Weibo
Published: November 2022

One of the major challenges facing the application of layered LiNiO2 (LNO) cathode materials is the oxygen release upon electrochemical cycling. Here it is shown that tailoring the provided lithium content during synthesis process can create a disordered layered Li1‐xNi1+xO2 phase at the primary particle surface. The disordered surface, which serves as a self‐protective layer to alleviate the oxygen loss, possesses the same layered rhombohedral structure (Rm) as the inner core of primary particles of the Li1‐xNi1+xO2 (x ≈ 0). With advanced synchrotron‐based x‐ray 3D imaging and spectroscopic techniques, a macroporous architecture within the agglomerates of LNO with ordered surface (LNO‐OS) is revealed after only 40 cycles, concomitant with the reduction of nickel on the primary particle surface throughout the whole secondary particles. Such chemomechanical degradation accelerates the deterioration of LNO‐OS cathodes. Comparably, there are only slight changes in the nickel valence state and interior architecture of LNO with a thin disordered surface layer (LNO‐DS) after cycling, mainly arising from an improved robustness of the oxygen framework on the surface. More importantly, the disordered surface can suppress the detrimental H2 ⇋ H3 phase transition upon cycling compared to the ordered one.
Time‐Dependent Polychrome Stereoscopic Luminescence Triggered by Resonance Energy Transfer between Carbon Dots‐in‐Zeolite Composites and Fluorescence Quantum Dots
Authors: Yu Xiaowei , Liu Kaikai , Wang Bolun , Zhang Hongyue , Qi Yuanyuan , Yu Jihong
Published: November 2022

Luminescence multiplexing shows promising application prospects in information security, yet even outstanding time division multiplexing can only carry limited luminescence information. Time–space division multiplexing can greatly expand the information capacity by simultaneously transferring luminescence information in both time and space dimensions. Herein, time‐dependent polychrome stereoscopic luminescence system has been successfully developed by designing a 3D luminescence system based on resonance energy transfer (RET), in which afterglow lifetime easily regulated carbon dots‐in‐zeolite composites are used as energy donors and multicolor fluorescence quantum dots (QDs) as energy acceptors. Taking perovskite QDs (PeQDs) as example, by matching the energy donors with different afterglow lifetimes and the energy acceptors with different fluorescence colors, tunable afterglow emission of PeQDs with wavelength within 463–614 nm and lifetime within 232–1500 ms can be realized, in which the maximal RET efficiency reaches 95%. As a proof of concept, such novel luminescence system that carries eight layers of luminescence information involving four dimensions (time and 3D space) is successfully applied in advanced time–space division multiplexing. This work opens a new perspective for the application of time‐space integrated luminescence systems in advanced information multiplexing.
Engineering CoP Alloy Foil to a Well‐Designed Integrated Electrode Toward High‐Performance Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Wu Mengqian , Wang Jiang , Liu Zhaozhao , Liu Xinyu , Duan Jingying , Yang Ting , Lan Jiao , Tan Yongwen , Wang Chengyang , Chen Mingming , Ji Kemeng
Published: November 2022

Nanostructured integrated electrodes with binder‐free design show great potential to solve the ever‐growing problems faced by currently commercial lithium‐ion batteries such as insufficient power and energy densities. However, there are still many challenging problems limiting practical application of this emerging technology, in particular complex manufacturing process, high fabrication cost, and low loading mass of active material. Different from existing fabrication strategies, here using a CoP alloy foil as a precursor  a simple neutral salt solution‐mediated electrochemical dealloying method to well address the above issues is demonstrated. The resultant freestanding mesoporous np‐Co(OH)x/Co2P product possesses not only active compositions of high specific capacity and large electrode packing density (>3.0 g cm−3) to meet practical capacity requirements, high‐conductivity and well‐developed nanoporous framework to achieve simultaneously fast ion and electron transfer, but also interconnected ligaments and suitable free space to ensure strong structural stability. Its comprehensively excellent electrochemical energy storage (EES) performances in both lithium/sodium‐ion batteries and lithium‐ion capacitors can further illustrate the effectiveness of the integrated electrode preparation strategy, such as remarkable reversible specific capacities/capacitances, dominated pseudo‐capacitive EES mechanism, and ultra‐long cycling life. This study provides new insights into preparation and design of high‐performance integrated electrodes for practical applications.
Electron Tractor Beam: Deterministic Manipulation of Liquid Droplets on Solid Surfaces
Authors: Ukropcová Iveta , Dao Radek , Štubian Martin , Kolíbal Miroslav , Šikola Tomáš , Willinger Marc G. , Wang Zhu‐Jun , Zlámal Jakub , Bábor Petr
Published: November 2022

The motion of liquid droplets is studied across many physics subfields and manipulation of nanoscale droplets on demand holds great promise in, e.g., nanotechnology. In this study, AuGe droplets on a germanium substrate are manipulated by an electron beam in a scanning electron microscope. The electron beam exposure creates a local temperature gradient in a substrate and induces a directional thermomigration of droplets nearby. To quantitatively analyse this phenomenon and to reveal the mechanism behind it, experimental observations under different conditions (beam current, sample temperature, scanning strategy) and simulations are combined. The obtained insights suggest that the droplet motion is limited by the dissolution of the substrate below the droplet. In addition, it is shown that the electron tractor beam is not only able to control the droplet motion but can also be used to split the droplets, thus opening new possibilities for droplet manipulation inside an SEM.
Acquiring a Newly Tailored 2D Dion–Jacobson Hybrid Perovskite with Large Structural Distortion for Efficient Crystal Array Photodetector
Authors: Fan Qingshun , Ma Yu , Xu Haojie , Liu Yi , Wang Beibei , Guo Wuqian , Hu Xinxin , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua
Published: November 2022

Dion–Jacobson (DJ) phase of 2D hybrid perovskites has recently attracted intensive attention owing to their remarkable optoelectronic properties and superior structural stability. In spite of great endeavors, only a few DJ‐type multilayered hybrid perovskites are obtained and most of them are constructed by very small organic spacer cations (e.g., Cs+ and CH3NH3+). It is still challenging to incorporate larger spacing moieties inside the perovskite cages for accomplishing excellent photoelectric properties. Herein, a newly tailored member of DJ‐type 2D perovskites, (HIS)(DMA)Pb2Br7 (1, where HIS2+ is histammonium and DMA+ is dimethylammonium), of which the perovskite cavities display a remarkable structural distortion to accommodate relatively larger secondary DMA+ cation as the “perovskitizer” is acquired. The monolayers of divalent HIS2+ organic cations directly link to inorganic sheets through NH∙∙∙Br hydrogen bonds, thus eliminating the van der Waals gap in 2D Ruddlesden–Popper counterparts and enabling superior phase stability. As a result, crystal‐based array photodetector of 1 shows fascinating photoactive activities of high detectivity (1.2 × 1013 Jones), large responsivity (18.1 A W−1), and antifatigue behavior, along with polarization‐sensitive detection based on the intrinsic anisotropy. Such findings disclose the potential of 1 for efficient photodetection, and definitely enrich the booming family of 2D hybrid perovskites.