bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpreting and Contextualising the Histories
Authors: De Bakker Mathieu
Published: September 2024

n/a
Development of Integrated Thematic Teaching Materials with the Discovery Learning Model Using Adobe Flash CS6 Interactive Multimedia
Authors: Hanafi Hanafi , Satrio Andre , Desyandri Desyandri , Amini Risda , Daharnis Daharnis
Published: September 2024

The use of teaching materials in elementary schools is not optimal, teachers tend to only use students' books as teaching materials. To overcome this problem, integrated thematic teaching materials were developed with the Discovery Learning model using interactive multimedia Adobe Flash CS6 in class V of elementary schools. This research aims to develop integrated thematic teaching material products with the Discovery Learning model using interactive multimedia Adobe Flash CS6. This research uses research and development (R&D) methods with the ADDIE development model. In the ADDIE development model there are five main stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Validation is carried out to determine the suitability of the teaching materials developed. The material aspect obtained 91.81% in the very valid category, the media aspect obtained 90.83% in the very valid category, and the language aspect obtained 96% in the very valid category. At the Implementation stage, practicality tests and effectiveness tests are carried out. The results of the practicality test with teachers obtained an average of 95%, by teachers and 86% by students in the very practical category. Effectiveness testing was carried out on aspects of student motivation and learning outcomes. The motivation aspect obtained an average of 83% in the very high category. Learning outcomes in the knowledge aspect, posttest scores at SDN 09 Selayo were 82.66 with a Good predicate, and at SDN 24 Selayo 85.33 with a Good predicate. From the research conducted, it can be stated that integrated thematic teaching materials with a discovery learning model using Adobe Flash CS6 interactive multimedia are valid, practical and effective for use in class V elementary schools
Digital Teaching Materials to Improve Students' Reading Skills Based on Ruddell Taxonomy in Senior High School
Authors: Wulansari Keken , Cahyani Isah , Sastromiharjo Andoyo
Published: September 2024

Digital teaching materials are essential in language learning, helping students understand reading. Reading comprehension can be obtained through the process of reading comprehension. Ruddell's taxonomy classifies reading comprehension levels into three groups, namely factual, interpretative, and applicative comprehension. This study uses Ruddell's taxonomy to determine the improvement of each reading comprehension level of public high school students in Bandung City after being treated using digital modules. This research used a quantitative method with a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects in this study were 10th-grade students in three public high schools in Bandung City, namely SMAN 1 Bandung, SMAN 19 Bandung, and SMAN 20 and non-test. Data analysis techniques in this study used quantitative analysis, which consisted of descriptive statistical analysis and inferential analysis. The data were tested for normality prerequisites, then continued with the nonparametric technique of the Wilcoxon test using the SPSS 24 application. The improvement of students' reading ability was known through the Normalized Gain test. The results showed a high-category increase in interpretative comprehension, a medium-category increase in applicative comprehension, and a low-category increase in factual comprehension. The treatment, with the help of digital teaching materials, caused a rise in students' reading skills.
Avaliação do conhecimento de práticas de sustentabilidade entre estudantes do curso de odontologia
Authors: Lima Ana Laura Machado de Vette , Gomes Gabrielly Lemos , Wanderley Laís Ferreira , Pinto Adriely Cristina Costa , Faria Géssica Miranda de , Silva Janine Mayra da
Published: September 2024

Introdução: A sustentabilidade é uma questão importante na contemporaneidade, onde uma sociedade sustentável objetiva garantir que as necessidades básicas e a qualidade de vida das pessoas sejam atendidas de forma permanente. Entretanto, observa-se que a prestação de serviços na área da saúde não tem se preocupado em desenvolver práticas sustentáveis, o que resulta em alto ônus para o meio ambiente. Logo é urgente que profissionais da odontologia considerem uma reflexão prática da relação entre o meio ambiente e a saúde humana dentro da sua prática clínica. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o conhecimento de estudantes do curso de odontologia sobre a perspectiva de sustentabilidade e sua aplicabilidade para a sua prática no curso. Material e Métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, onde estudantes de odontologia foram entrevistados durante o ano de 2022, através de um questionário digital através da plataforma Google Forms. Após a obtenção da anuência dos participantes da pesquisa o formulário com as 29 perguntas foi disponibilizado. Resultados: Foram obtidas 90 respostas. A maior parte dos entrevistados foi do sexo feminino (86,7%), com idade igual ou inferior a 25 anos (55,6%), não responsáveis pelo seu próprio sustento 72,2%), mas que possuem famílias com bom nível de educação e recursos financeiros. Em termos gerais, os estudantes afirmaram ter conhecimentos sobre sustentabilidade, entretanto, 71,1% deles disseram ter dificuldades de adotar medidas práticas no seu dia-a-dia. Conclusão: A necessidade de adoção de medidas de proteção ao meio ambiente considerando a prática odontológica é imperativa. Entretanto, observa-se uma lacuna na educação do percurso formativo dos estudantes de graduação. Assim, a sensibilização e implementação permanente de estratégias sustentáveis que sejam capazes de minimizar os impactos no seu processo produtivo pode traze rum meio de transformação para os futuros profissionais.
A Review of the Effects of Climate Change on Hydropower Dams in Cameroon
Authors: Lawrence Benjamin Djomo Zeme , Dieudonné Bitondo
Published: September 2024

One nation in sub-Saharan Africa that is vulnerable to the adverse consequences of climate change is Cameroon. The government of Cameroon has been funding the building of hydroelectric dam infrastructure for many years in an effort to expand the energy sector, which generates revenue and jobs and aims to make the nation a rising nation by 2035. Climate change, however, may make it more difficult for the hydroelectric projects the nation has committed to, which would interfere with its development strategy and possibly impede its ability to meet its own targets for emergence. Thus, the topic of this article is the influence of climate change and its detrimental impacts, which could impede Cameroon's hydropower industry's development. The methodological approach involved searching using search engines like Microsoft Academic, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar to critically evaluate over 80 papers and do bibliographic analysis. ENEO Cameroun SA, the firm in charge of producing and selling power in Cameroon, provided certain documents. The literature review's findings show that hydropower production in Cameroon is seriously threatened by climate change, both generally and specifically with regard to the Lagdo hydroelectric facility, which is situated in the country's northern regions. The literature analysis also demonstrates how Cameroonian water resources—which continue to be a crucial element of hydropower projects—are significantly impacted by climate change. Mitigation of the adverse impacts of climate change on hydroelectric schemes in Cameroon may be achieved by adaptation strategies that entail the expansion of diverse hydroelectric production sources, especially in specific advantageous locations like Ngaoundere. The government of Cameroon may potentially make investments in alternative energy generation methods, like renewable energies. To better direct decision-makers toward investment, particularly in the development of hydroelectricity in Cameroon, studies must be conducted in various regions of the nation to map the potential of renewable energies (solar, wind, etc.) in each of those regions and to promote the construction of micro-hydroelectric dams that can operate both during the rainy and dry seasons.
L. H. Jakob: Philological sciences through the lens of aesthetics
Authors: Makarova Liubov Yevgenyevna
Published: September 2024

The research aims to reconstruct L. H. Jakob’s system of philological sciences (subject, boundaries, structure, and nomenclature) by analyzing the system of philosophical sciences he developed during his academic career in the Russian Empire (1807-1816). To this end, the paper analyzes and characterizes Jakob’s general logic, general (philosophical) grammar, aesthetics, rhetoric, and poetics, i.e., sciences traditionally considered part of the study of language and literature (the so-called trivium) up to the 1830s. The author’s understanding of “verbal sciences” and their connection to other sciences within the philosophical circle is articulated. Common features and differences between Jakob’s “verbal science” and those of his influential contemporaries such as I. S. Rizhsky, Archbishop Feoktist (Mochulsky), A. S. Nikolsky, A. F. Merzlyakov, N. Yazvitsky, and I. M. Born are identified. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that Jakob’s philological views, both as a unified whole and in comparison with other authors’ views on philology from that period, are examined for the first time. The research shows that Jakob’s system of “verbal sciences” (the theory of “verbal (fine) art”, rhetoric, poetics) significantly differs from the trivium of the Lomonosov school (introduction to logic, grammar, rhetoric with/without poetics), but at the same time, it fits into the general process of transforming the classical trivium, at the center of which was the science of constructing persuasive “fine” discourse (rhetoric), into a new, “verbal” trivium (grammar, theory of philology, history of philology), centered on the theory of style. Jakob’s system stands out in this general process with its originality: it is perhaps the only example of a philological theory where “verbal arts” as part of “fine (aesthetic) arts” and their general theory are subordinated to aesthetic categories and principles.
SOSIALISASI DAN PELATIHAN PROSES SERTIFIKASI HALAL SERTA PENERAPAN SISTEM JAMINAN HALAL BAGI UMKM SOTO MI DAN KERUPUK KULIT
Authors: Nurhalimah Siti , Hutami Rosy , Amalia Lia , Riski Hapsari Distya
Published: September 2024

Makanan yang banyak dijual dan diminati oleh masyarakat di kota Bogor diantaranya adalah Soto Mi dan kerupuk kulit. Soto Mi biasanya menggunakan daging ayam, daging sapi, kikil, dan jeroan. Sedangkan kerupuk kulit menggunakan kulit sapi dan kulit kerbau. Soto mi dan kerupuk kulit yang dijual di kota Bogor masih belum banyak yang memiliki sertifikat halal sehingga diperlukan sosialisasi dan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan pengetahuan pedagang tentang proses sertifikasi halal dan penerapan Sistem Jaminan Halal. Kegiatan ini terdiri dari pemetaan UMKM (Usaha Kecil dan Menengah) atau pedagang soto mi dan kerupuk kulit di kota Bogor, pemberian brosur penerapan Sistem Jaminan Halal, pemberian pretest, pelatihan, pemberian pretest dan posttest, dan analisa deskriptif. Pedagang soto mi dan kerupuk kulit cukup mengetahui dan memahami tentang kehalalan pangan. Pengetahuan proses sertifikasi halal dan penerapan Sistem Jaminan Halal penjual soto mi mengalami peningkatkan setelah mengikuti pelatihan.
Efficiency of using the feed additive "Ostopherol-calcium" in the diets of laying hens
Authors:   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Abramov S.V. , Balyshev A.V. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Mosolov A.A. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Slozhenkina M.I. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Kalinina N.V. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Struk E.A. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production
Published: September 2024

Purpose. To establish the effect of the new feed additive "Ostoferol-calcium" on the clinical condition and safety of farm poultry, the dynamics of live weight, hematological parameters and productive qualities and when it is included in the diet of laying hens. Materials and Methods. The studies were conducted on laying hens of the Hisex Brown cross, at the age of 36 weeks, in the conditions of LLC Poultry Farm Irbitskaya (Sverdlovsk region). The object of research is laying hens and the new mineral supplement “Ostopherol-calcium”. Two groups of laying hens (30 birds each) were formed. The control group birds received water without the studied additive, the experimental group received the mineral additive “Ostopherol-calcium” in the amount of 1 liter per 1000 liters of water. The duration of the study is 60 days. Zootechnical, clinical and biochemical research methods were used to carry out research work. Laboratory hematological studies were carried out on automatic biochemical analyzers URIT-800Vet and URIT-3020 (China) using the appropriate set of biochemical reagents in the comprehensive analytical laboratory of VRIMMP (Volgograd, Russia). The obtained results were processed using software, calculating the average value (M), standard errors of the average (±SEM) and determining the criterion for the reliability of the Student-Fisher difference. Results. During the period of use of the feed additive "Ostopherol-calcium", the increase in the level of calcium, magnesium and vitamin D on the 30th day in the blood serum of chickens of the experimental group was 26.7 (P≤0.05); 38.3 (P≤0.05) and 32.5% (P≤0.05); on the 60th day – 42.1 (P≤0.05); 80.0 (P≤0.05) and 35.9% (P≤0.05), respectively. Indicators of egg productivity and intensity of egg production of laying hens in the experimental group for 60 days of oviposition were higher than in the control by 5.9 (P≤0.05) and 4.81% (P≤0.05), the average egg weight was by 2.2% (P≤0.05), shell thickness – by 9.0% (P≤0.05), the degree of elastic deformation of egg shells – by 15.4% (P≤0.05). Conclusion. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that the improvement in indicators was the result of a more complete provision of poultry with calcium and magnesium elements, vitamin D3 as a result of the use of a new feed additive.
Discussions of machine vs. living intelligence need more clarity
Authors: Levin Michael , Rouleau Nicolas
Published: September 2024

The debate around machine intelligence features strong opinions. Because the central questions cross many disciplinary boundaries, standardized approaches are needed to break through barriers of conflicting nomenclature and niche methods of analysis. After all, distinctions or a lack thereof between machines and living intelligences carry significant social, ethical, legal, and political implications. Some participants in this debate are certain that performance on specific metrics, or perhaps some type of Turing Test, is sufficient evidence to conclude the presence of a “real” mind. Others, of a more organicist perspective, insist on a fundamental, ontological divide between engineered “machines” and “true” (typically, biologically evolved) beings. Progress in evolutionary and developmental biology, synthetic bioengineering, and hybrid/cyborg technologies may dissolve formerly dependable categories; conceptual positions must now cover beings far beyond the more easily-handled categories of neurotypical adult modern humans and low-agency mechanical devices. Here, we propose a set of questions that should be considered and addressed by anyone seeking to form or express justified opinions about issues of intelligence, cognition, sentience, consciousness, or any of the related concepts. These questions are intended to help clarify difficulties facing a facile distinction between “true beings” and “mere machines”.
The development, inter-rater agreement, and reliability of The CONSIDER Intervention Fidelity Checklist for clinical trials of complex interventions in healthcare.
Authors: Paez Arsenio , Nunan David , McCulloch Peter , Beard David
Published: September 2024

Background: The Complex Interventions Design, Delivery and Receipt (CONSIDER) checklist was developed to facilitate systematic and reproducible identification of intervention fidelity in complex interventions controlled trials. This paper describes the development of the checklist and its evaluation in a cross-sectional reliability study with a purposeful sample of clinicians, researchers, trainees, and academics in complex interventions. The primary aims of this paper were to determine the internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and agreement of the CONSIDER checklist. Secondary aims included exploring participants’ experiences using the checklist to identify items needing further development or modifications needed to improve the checklist’s usability.Methods and results: This study investigated the CONSIDER checklist’s inter-rater agreement, internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability across 3 clinical trial papers and 552 item and survey ratings by 15 independent raters (participants). Overall, percentages of agreement for the checklist items were high, with raters often choosing the same response options when assessing fidelity in the selected trial publications. The checklist items also have good reliability and internal consistency (the degree to which items on the checklist are correlated with one another), with Cronbach’s of 0.82. A high Kappa coefficient (0.861) confirmed the checklist’s inter-rater reliability and the extent to which the items described in the checklist are likely correct representations of the variables being measured. The high kappa coefficient also indicates that individual items could be distinguished between papers when participants used the checklist. Conclusion: CONSIDER is a reliable, internally consistent checklist for assessing intervention fidelity in complex intervention clinical trial papers. CONSIDER is, to the best of our knowledge, the first checklist developed to assess fidelity in trial publications for physical complex interventions and one of only a handful of checklists developed for assessing fidelity in published papers. The CONSIDER checklist can make an important contribution to the interpretation of findings from complex interventions trials and systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Keywords: intervention fidelity, integrity, adherence, compliance, checklist, complex interventions, rehabilitation, clinical trials
The Number of Response Options as a Determinant of Decision-Making Quality
Authors: Na Eunchan , Dyson Ben
Published: September 2024

Insights into decision-making are often made via the use of binary response tasks. We ask whether such behavioural signatures are generalizable to other cases of non-binary, and perhaps more realistic, decision-making environments. In Experiment 1 (n = 95), participants played four zero-sum games with different numbers of response options (2, 3, 5, 6) against an unexploitable computerized opponent. In Experiment 2 (n = 69), participants played the same games against an exploitable opponent. The data from Experiment 1 – 2 confirmed that more response options promoted random explorative behaviour, the binary response game promoted win-stay behaviour while the non-binary response games promoted lose-shift behaviour, and, that post-win slowing were independent of response availability. In Experiment 3 (n = 72), participants played the same zero-sum game with different numbers of response options (2, 4, 6) for both players, enabling us to identify two types of shifts behaviour: rule-relevant shift (indicative of strategic change) and rule-irrelevant shift (indicative of random exploration). The data showed that rule-relevant shift increased in function of response options only following wins but not losses, demonstrating cognitive inflexibility following negative outcomes. In contrast, rule-irrelevant shift was independent of outcome valence, suggestive of information processing noise, and was promoted by more response options. These results emphasize response availability as an important determinant of decision-making behaviour and highlights the limitations of binary-response tasks. Future work should continue to investigate how response availability modulates neurophysiological responses during such explore-exploit dilemmas.
A Feasibility Study of a Preventative, Transdiagnostic Intervention for Mental Health Problems in Adolescence: Building Resilience Through Socioemotional Training (ReSET)
Authors: Lloyd Alex , Law Roslyn , Midgley Nick , Wu Tom Chin-Han , Lucas Laura , Atkinson Erin , Steinbeis Nikolaus , Martin Peter , Veenstra René , Smith Jaime , Ly Lili , Bird Geoffrey , Murphy Jennifer , Plans David , Munafo Marcus Robert , Penton-Voak Ian , Deighton Jessica , Richards Kathleen , Richards Mya , Fearon Pasco , Viding Essi
Published: September 2024

Background: Adolescence is a developmental period during which an estimated 75% of mental health problems emerge (Solmi et al., 2022). This paper reports a feasibility study of a novel indicated, preventative, transdiagnostic, school-based intervention: Building Resilience Through Socioemotional Training (ReSET). The intervention addresses two domains thought to be causally related to mental health problems during adolescence: social relationships and emotion processing. Social relationships were targeted using principles from interpersonal psychotherapy, while emotion processing was targeted using cognitive-emotional training focused on three areas of emotion processing: Emotion perception, emotion regulation and interoception. The aims of this feasibility study were to i) assess the acceptability of integrating group-based psychotherapy with individual cognitive-emotional training, ii) evaluate the feasibility of our recruitment measures, and iii) assess the feasibility of delivering our research measures.Methods: The feasibility study involved 41 adolescents, aged 12-14, who were randomly assigned to receive the ReSET intervention or their school’s usual mental health and wellbeing provision. Results: Qualitative data from intervention participants suggested the programme was experienced as a cohesive intervention, with participants able to draw on a combination of skills. Further, the cognitive-training tasks were received positively (with the exception of the interoception training task). The recruitment and research measures were successfully delivered in the school-based setting, with 97.5% retention of participants from baseline to post-intervention assessment. Qualitative data was overwhelmingly positive regarding the benefits to participants who had completed the intervention. Moreover, there was only limited data missingness. Conclusions: We conclude that a trial of the ReSET intervention in a school setting is feasible. We discuss the implications of the feasibility study with regard to optimising school-based interventions and adaptations made in preparation for a full-scale randomised controlled trial, now underway.
Which score for what? Operationalizing standardized cognitive test performance for the assessment of change
Authors: Farmer Cristan , Thurm Audrey , Das Tanvi , Bebin E. Martina , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth , Buxbaum Joseph , Eng Charis , Frazier Thomas , Hardan Antonio , Kolevzon Alexander , Krueger Darcy A. , Martinez-Agosto Julian A. , Northrup Hope , Powell Craig M. , Soorya Latha , Wu Joyce Y. , Sahin Mustafa
Published: September 2024

Developmental domains such as cognitive, language, and motor are key concepts of interest in longitudinal studies of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Normative scores (e.g., IQ) are often used to operationalize performance on standardized tests of these concepts, but it is the interval-distributed person-ability scores that are intended for the assessment of within-individual change. Here we illustrate the use and interpretation of several Stanford Binet, 5th Edition score types (IQ, extended IQ, Z-normalized raw score, developmental quotient, raw sum score, age equivalent, and ability score) using data from two longitudinal studies of rare genetic conditions associated with IDD. We found that while normality assumptions were tenuous for all score types, floor effects led to model unsuitability for longitudinal analysis of most types of norm-referenced scores, and that the validity of interpretation with respect to individual change was best for ability scores.
A Theory of Policy Justification
Authors: Heo Kun , Landa Dimitri
Published: September 2024

Effective accountability may require that officeholders be able to justify their policy choices to their constituents. We develop a game-theoretic model of policy justification in the context of a principal-agent relationship and analyze the equilibrium effects of justification as a strategic choice. Most notably, we show that the effect of justification on the incumbent's policy choice incentives is non-monotonic (U-shaped) in the leeway afforded to justification, reflecting the different ratios of false positives and false negatives that it creates.
Comparative Study of X-Ray and Sonographic Findings in Pneumonia in a Tertiary Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study in Nepalese Adults
Authors: Umesh Khanal  , Shailendra Katwal  , Dik Prasad Kattel  , Anamika Jha  , Roshan Shrestha
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION
Pneumonia poses a signiﬁcant global health concern, particularly in developing nations, necessitating accurate and accessible diagnostic methods. Chest x-ray is the conventional imaging modality, albeit with radiation exposure risks. Lung ultrasonography offers a radiation-free alternative and is increasingly used for pneumonia diagnosis, especially in critical care settings. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic capabilities of chest x-ray and lung ultrasonography in nepalese adults with pneumonia, focusing on sensitivity in detecting speciﬁc pneumonia features such as consolidation with air bronchogram and pleural effusion.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Nepal between September 2022 and September 2023. Participants clinically diagnosed with pneumonia underwent both chest x-ray and lung ultrasonography within 24 hours. Data on demographics, symptoms, physical examination, and imaging results were collected and statistically analyzed.
RESULTS
Among 77 participants, predominantly males with a mean age of 54.86 years, pneumonia was detected in 98.7% and 96.1% of cases through ultrasound and x-ray respectively. Ultrasonography exhibited superior sensitivity in identifying consolidation with air bronchogram (67.5% vs. 45.5%) and pleural effusion (55.8% vs. 31.2%) compared to x-ray. Statistical analysis showed signiﬁcant differences in the detection of consolidation with air bronchogram (p=0.0005) and pleural effusion (p=0.002) between the two modalities.
CONCLUSION
Lung ultrasonography demonstrates comparable or superior sensitivity to chest x-ray in detecting pneumonia, particularly in identifying speciﬁc features. Its radiation-free nature and bedside applicability make it a valuable diagnostic tool, especially in resource-limited settings.
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablet of Salbutamol Sulphate
Authors: Pradyumna Chaudhari  , Shanti Saran Koiri  , Ashish Lamsal  , Roshan Kumar Mehta
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION
When put on the tongue, fast dissolving tablets immediately dissolve, often in a matter of seconds. They do not need any additional water to make them easier to swallow. Salbutamol sulphate fast disintegrating tablets have a higher bioavailability and dissolving rate.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This experimental study was conducted in the Pharmaceutic laboratory of Department of Pharmacy at Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal from February 2022 to July 2022. A tablet was created utilizing the direct compression method employing mannitol as a diluent and various quantities of super disintegrants, including sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, and PVPK-30 as a binder. Pre-compression and post-compression parameters for the formulation were evaluated.
RESULTS
When examined for hardness, thickness, weight variation, in vitro disintegration time, drug content, and in vitro drug release, tablets were determined to be adequate. Among all formulations, F6 showed that its disintegration time is least and in-vitro dissolution test depicts that F6 formulation shows the maximum drug release (99.99%) within 30 minutes.
CONCLUSION
This study brings the effectiveness in dosing of patients who have problem in swallowing of conventional dosage form. Among formulations, 15 mg of croscarmellose sodium was found to be the best.
A Comparative Study of Photon Radiation-Shielding Properties of Different Glass Types for Use in Health Facilities
Authors: Judith Nyangoma , Oryema Bosco
Published: September 2024

The usage of X-ray generating devices and gamma-ray sources such as 60Co and 137Cs for medical diagnostic and therapeutic applications has increased globally. However, exposure to radiation from these sources can cause detrimental effects on biological tissues. Thus, to optimise radiation safety, effective radiation shields are required. This study used the photon shielding and dosimetry (PSD) software to simulate and compare the photon shielding properties of phosphate, bismuthate, tellurite, silicate and borate glass for use in medical facilities. The parameters investigated included mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), mean-free path (MFP), and effective atomic number (Zeff). The results showed that bismuthate glass had the highest MAC and LAC values followed by tellurite, silicate, phosphate and borate glass respectively. It was also found that bismuthate glass had the lowest HVL and MFP values followed by tellurite, silicate, phosphate and borate glass. Since materials with high MAC and LAC and low HVL and MFP are associated with higher photon stoppage powers, bismuthate glass are better photon shielding materials compared to the rest of the glass examined in this study. Conversely, borate glass presented the least shielding potential compared to phosphate, silicate and tellurite glass.
The Effect of Egg-breaking Media on Early Childhood Counting Skill
Authors: Oviani Mila , Khoiriyati Salis , Septina Ayu Dian Laily
Published: September 2024

Counting is one of the lessons introduced in early childhood before the elementary school era. In group A students, counting learning has been taught to children aged 4-5 years, which is carried out with various activities using appropriate and more exciting media to influence children's interest in learning to count because learning to count is the most important part for children. This study aims to determine: 1) a description of children's counting skills in group A at RA Tri Bhakti Claket; 2) the effects of egg-breaking media on children's numeracy skills at RA Tri Bhakti Claket. This research is a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest using a nonprobability sampling technique with purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using observation, questionnaires (pretest-posttest statement items), and documentation. The calculation of data analysis techniques using paired sample t-tests with the help of the SPSS application version 23 for Windows. The findings indicate a significant effect between egg-breaking media and children's numeracy skills at RA Tri Bhakti Claket by the average child's skills, from 30.14 to 46.28. It is also proven from the results of hypothesis testing where the sig. Value < 0.05.
Gender Equality in Batak Toba Wedding Ceremony
Authors: Sitinjak Vivi Novalia , Ginting Wina Ecica br , Tumanggor Tri Fazar , Hasibuan Nobel
Published: September 2024

Batak Toba is one of the tribes in North Sumatra. In Batak custom where men buy women in marriage. The position of men is higher in the Batak tribe because it follows the patriarchal lineage where men are the successors of the descendants or clans. In general, women do not have an important position or position in every traditional event that is carried out. Because men take all the important roles in every traditional Batak Toba event. In this analysis, because of gender is an interesting thing to discuss, especially in Batak Toba ceremony. This article use Liberal and Radical Feminism (in Tong, 2006). The objective of this research is to promote fairness and balance in the roles and responsibilities of men and women during the event is the goal of gender equality in Toba Batak wedding ceremonies. This attempts to guarantee that both partners actively participate in and enjoy the ceremony on an equal footing, and that traditions and customs do not perpetuate gender-based discrimination. Therefore, it is important to apply justice which refers to gender equality in the Batak Toba tribe. With the passage of time, it is hoped that this tradition will continue to empower women to be able to communicate with elders.
The Meaning of Defending the Country as Strengthening Non-Military Security: Perceptions of Indonesian Society
Authors: Ridwan  , Yoga S Windhiadi , Krisnando N Garcia , Nidatya Nurfarah
Published: September 2024

Shifting threats regarding state sovereignty and resilience are currently experiencing a shift. In addition to military threats, non-military threats are also threats that are no less important for the sustainability of a country. Public perception of threats and their relation to defending the state is essential because protecting the state is not only the obligation of the TNI and Polri but all Indonesian citizens. This study aims to explain the meaning of defending the country as Non-Military Security Strengthening and its relation to public perceptions of current threats. The research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. The results of this study indicate that public perceptions of threats ranging from non-military threats such as the Covid-19 pandemic, diminishing job opportunities, unequal education, corruption of political elites, The erosion of national culture by foreign influences, natural disasters (floods, landslides, earthquake, volcanic eruptions, etc.), the potential for social conflict due to poor tolerance between religious communities, the rise of hoaxes, and hate speech in cyberspace/the internet for the increase of crime and the spread of drugs. As for the strategy to deal with non-military threats, non-physical State Defense can overcome them. According to the threat perception, the process can be carried out through dedication according to their respective professions and strengthening the values of defending the country, such as love for the motherland, awareness of the nation and state, loyalty to Pancasila, willingness to sacrifice for the nation, as well as the initial ability to defend the country.
Use Of TPR Method In Teaching Vocabulary At Yayasan Al Falah
Authors: Sy Evha Nazalatus Sa'adiyah , Chairunnisa
Published: September 2024

This research is to investigate how to apply the TPR method and the students’ response toward the implementation of this method at 6th grade MI an Al Falah Islamic education foundation. The data collected by using observation, interview and questioner. The result of the research of conducting TPR method to VI grade of described with descriptive qualitative method, the researcher uses saturation sampling methods in analyzing data, where all of number of populations become sample, there are one English teacher and 17 students. Based on the result of observation, interview and questioner has been finding that there are students’ response are faced by the teacher in applying of TPR method such as: the students like and enjoy the material, the students dislike this method and the students feel bored of conducting this method, beside that the researcher found the total numbers of students like this method for about 11 students, it shown when the teacher give a command and demonstrate the movement they respond it well, and 4 students dislike this method and 2 students feel bored of this method, it shown when the students cannot demonstrate the command of the teacher and they are not active in learning process.
Desigualdades y violencias de género: vacíos en la formación obligatoria en Trabajo Social
Authors: De la Paz Elez Pedro
Published: September 2024

Introducción: La intervención social y la respuesta ante la violencia de género deben abordarse desde una perspectiva de género, lo cual requiere formación especializada y un compromiso explícito con la igualdad de género. Aunque este compromiso es intrínseco al Trabajo Social, la pandemia y las crecientes desigualdades de género han desafiado a la academia y a la profesión. Metodología: En primer lugar, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre el estado de la cuestión y en segundo lugar se realizó un análisis documental de las guías docentes de 37 universidades españolas para identificar contenido relacionado con género, violencia de género y desigualdad de género en las asignaturas. Resultados: Se da a conocer cuál es la situación actual de partida. Se examinaron asignaturas que contenían estos temas en su denominación, contenidos y referencias bibliográficas. Discusión: El estudio revela una preocupante disonancia entre las aspiraciones académicas y la implementación práctica de la enseñanza sobre desigualdades y violencias de género en el Trabajo Social en España. Conclusiones: Existe una desconexión significativa entre las metas académicas y la enseñanza práctica sobre género; se proponen recomendaciones y sugerencias para la para mejorar la práctica y la formación.
Aprendiendo inglés fuera del aula: beneficios de las inmersiones lingüísticas en países anglófonos para estudiantes de Secundaria y Bachillerato
Authors: Ruiz Hidalgo David
Published: September 2024

Introducción: En la actualidad, vivimos en un entorno diverso y multicultural, donde la importancia de aprender y dominar varios idiomas no solo reside en la capacidad de comunicación, sino también en la comprensión y respeto hacia otras culturas. Esta realidad social demanda que los colegios e institutos de Secundaria ofrezcan estancias de inmersión lingüística para complementar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de inglés como lengua extranjera. Metodología: Este estudio examina, a través de una metodología mixta y descriptiva, tanto los beneficios lingüísticos como los sociales en una amplia muestra de estudiantes de Educación Secundaria y Bachillerato, quienes participaron en un programa de inmersión de corta estancia en diferentes países anglófonos. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos confirman que las estancias en el extranjero potencian tanto el aprendizaje del inglés como la adquisición de competencias socioculturales, fundamentales para formar ciudadanos europeos. Conclusiones: La investigación, basada en las percepciones de los estudiantes, demuestra que las experiencias en el extranjero no solo mejoran las competencias lingüísticas de los participantes, sino también sus habilidades sociales, proporcionando nuevas perspectivas del mundo multicultural.
Explorando el cambio en el discurso matemático del profesor mediante una trayectoria hipotética de aprendizaje
Authors: García Rodríguez Martha Leticia , Herrera Alva Juan Gabriel
Published: September 2024

Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar características del discurso matemático en el aula después del diseño y durante la implementación de una trayectoria hipotética de aprendizaje (THA) de un profesor. Metodología: Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó un método de triangulación de la información que incluyó análisis de transcripciones de videos, reportes de observaciones realizadas por los investigadores, cuestionarios, entrevistas y diseño de la THA. Las interacciones entre el profesor y los estudiantes fueron codificadas de acuerdo con el flujo de comunicación profesor-estudiante; profesor-clase. Resultados: De la clase uno a la clase dos se identificó un cambio en el flujo de información vertical, de individual a grupal, y un mejor equilibrio entre el andamiaje analítico y social. Discusión: El diseño de la THA favoreció la reflexión del profesor, quien expresó características de su clase, lo que coincide con los propósitos del diseño de una THA. Conclusiones: El estudio puede ser de utilidad para una autoevaluación del profesor acerca de las características y efectividad de su enseñanza, la importancia de una reflexión previa de lo que puede suceder en su clase, incluyendo las dificultades de los estudiantes, que le permita contar con elementos para responder ante estas situaciones.
L’Intelligence artificielle au service de la gestion électorale
Authors: Juneja Prathm
Published: September 2024

Le sujet de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) prenant de l’ampleur, et notamment le rôle qu’elle peut jouer pour influencer une élection, les organes de gestion des élections (OGE) doivent élaborer des plans pour répondre à l’IA et, dans certains cas, l’utiliser pour maintenir des élections libres, équitables et sûres. L’IA est une catégorie de technologies qui évolue rapidement et qui n’est pas réglementée, en grande partie. De plus, très peu de recherches ont été menées jusqu’à présent concernant son impact potentiel sur les élections. Ce rapport vise à aider les organes de gestion électorale et les autres parties concernées à mieux comprendre les possibilités, les défis et les implications juridiques de l’utilisation de l’IA dans le cadre des élections.
La gobernanza en la gestión comunitaria del agua en Zinacantán, Chiapas, México
Authors: Pérez-Hernández Carmela , Llanos Hernández Luis , García García Antonino , Palacios Rangel María Isabel
Published: September 2024

En Zinacantán, la gestión del agua está influenciada por prácticas comunitarias, costumbres locales y cosmovisión. La incorporación de la mercantilización a través de la floricultura en esta comunidad indígena refleja un cambio hacia la gestión del agua como un bien común. Este estudio analizó la gobernanza en la gestión comunitaria del agua, identificó los actores, sus roles y responsabilidades, las fuentes de abastecimiento, los problemas que enfrentan, las normas de provisión y el nivel de influencia según el tipo de actor, con el fin de comprender su estructura organizativa y funcionamiento actual. La información se recopiló mediante 17 entrevistas semiestructuradas con participantes clave, utilizando la técnica de bola de nieve. Los hallazgos indican que la gobernanza del agua en Zinacantán involucra a actores como el patronato del agua, usuarios domésticos, floricultores y piperos. El patronato de agua, una institución formada por miembros elegidos en la asamblea comunitaria ha asumido nuevas responsabilidades que no se observaban en la gestión tradicional de este recurso común. Esto señala una transformación en la estructura organizativa hacia la coexistencia de intereses comunes y económicos. Sin embargo, las tensiones en torno al uso del agua persisten, y reflejan conflictos entre las necesidades de la comunidad y las actividades económicas.
Análisis comparativo de dos protocolos de aislamiento de ADN en hojas secas de mango (Mangifera indica L.) para uso en técnicas moleculares
Authors:   Universidad de Córdoba, Pardo-Pérez Enrique , Anaya-Palmera Leandro ,   Universidad de Córdoba, Cavadía-Martínez Teodora ,   Universidad de Córdoba
Published: September 2024

La obtención de ADN genómico de alta calidad es fundamental para la preservación de los recursos genéticos, especialmente, en especies de valor importante en la economía popular; sin embargo, la presencia de contaminantes, como polisacáridos, polifenoles y metabolitos secundarios en árboles frutales, dificulta la extracción de ADN puro. En este trabajo, se compararon dos métodos de extracción de ADN en tejido seco: un kit comercial y el método modificado de Doyle & Doyle. La cantidad y calidad del ADN extraído se evaluaron utilizando un espectrofotómetro y mediante electroforesis en gel de agarosa. Es importante señalar que el ADN obtenido con el kit comercial mostró presencia de compuestos aromáticos y proteínas, mientras que el método modificado de Doyle y Doyle logró obtener ADN de alta calidad, sin contaminantes, lo cual, se corroboró por la posterior amplificación, mediante PCR del ADN obtenido con cebadores SSR, mostrando bandas nítidas y bien definidas.
PENDEKATAN KRITIS IMPLEMENTASI AKAD QARDH PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Maulana Nora
Published: September 2024

Lembaga keuangan syariah (LKS) termasuk perbankan syariah kini semakin berkembang pesat, ditandai dengan semakin bervariatifnya berbagai jenis akad yang muncul. Beragam jenis akad yang muncul di perbankan syariah, apabila merujuk kepada teori maupun dalil-dalil hukum yang menjadi keabsahannya. Maka tidak jarang ditemukan kekurangan atau problematika dalam pengimplementasiannya. Sehingga muncul beragam statement baik perhatian, penilaian, maupun kritikan. Oleh karena itu, sebagai generasi intelektual perlu kiranya untuk senantiasa mengevaluasi mengenai akad-akad yang ada di perbankan syariah Indonesia. Kritikan ini penting untuk dikaji secara mendalam sebagai bahan evaluasi untuk bank syariah guna mencapai visi misi yang sudah dicanangkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan metode survei. Adapun pendekatan penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif secara teologi normatif dan fenomenologi. Data penelitian menggunakan data primer dan sekunder, dimana data primer berasal dari survei lapangan sementara data sekunder berasal dari dokumentasi baik dari buku, jurnal, artikel, maupun laporan dan karya keilmiahan terkait topik penelitian. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa bentuk insinkronisasi yang ditemukan dalam praktik akad qardh atau qardhul hasan meliputi; 1) Adanya bagi hasil dalam akad qardhul hasan; 2) Belum sepenuhnya dijalankan sesuai kaidah taâ€™awun; 3) Mayoritas bank syariah meminta jaminan dari transaksi akad qardh; 4) Qardh di perbankan syariah mayoritas disalurkan untuk kegiatan produktif saja.

Kata kunci: qardh, kritis, perbankan syariah, Indonesia.
FOCUS STUDY ON HALAL TOURISM PROMOTION
Authors: Triansyah Fadli Agus
Published: September 2024

Halal tourism is a type of tourism that follows the rules and principles of Islamic sharia. This includes services and facilities designed to meet the needs of Muslim travelers, such as Halal food, access to mosques or places of worship, separate accommodation for men and women, and recommended modest dress. This study utilised a systematic review on halal tourism promotion scopus database from 2021-2023. In this research, the keyword used is "Halal tourism promotion" in the Scopus database. After conducting the screening, the researchers found 6 articles that met the predetermined criteria. The focus of the entire research is Group model building, System dynamics, Causal loop diagram, Alternative tourism, Mass tourism, CrescentRating, Non-mass tourism, Sweden; secularism; adaptations; values; gender equity; Muslim friendly tourism, strategic model, tourism development, Destination image, Travel motivation, Religiosity, Islamic attributes of destination, Visiting intention, Destination competitiveness, Intention to visit, Perceived behavioral control, Perceived value, and Trust. The promotion of halal tourism is very important in meeting the increasing needs of Muslim tourists, boosting the local economy, building a positive image of a tourist destination, and increasing intercultural understanding and harmony.