bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Validated Novel Tool for Capturing Faculty-Student Joint Behaviors with the COPUS Instrument
Authors: Ludwig Patrice Marie , Prins Samantha Colleen Bates
Published: December 2019

The Classroom Observation Protocol Undergraduate STEM (COPUS) tool was developed to quantify the time instructors and students engage in various activities within STEM courses. We offer a matrix of joint instructor-student behaviors rather than a pie chart of individual behaviors as an alternative perspective on the presentation of the results from the COPUS instrument. We suggest that the presentation of the results using this matrix tool allows for finer-scale insights into the learning environment in a classroom. Using this matrix tool, we identified four profiles of instructor-student behavior in undergraduate STEM classes at our regional comprehensive Master’s institution: lecture, lecture plus (lecture with students posing questions to the instructor), standing clickers/IF-ATs (immediate feedback assessment technique—instructor poses questions using some form of immediate response method but does not move around groups), and roving groups (requiring instructor to move between groups). Prior to using the COPUS instrument we placed each of the observed faculty along the active learning spectrum. Our matrix tool was validated by alignment of the matrix tool profiles with thesea prioridesignations. We offer suggestions regarding how this matrix tool can be best used to inform faculty professional development to move instructors along the active learning spectrum.
Ready, Cell, Go! Guided Movement Exercises in an Introductory Cell Biology Course
Authors: Harris Miranda , Fricke Wynn , Vossler Megan , Chatterjea Devavani
Published: December 2019

Cells and dance are each dynamic manifestations of energy, shape, time, and space. Here we present a novel application of movement learning in cell biology education. “Ready, Cell, Go!” is a set of movement exercises for introductory cell biology students designed to teach concepts of fluidity, crowding, and chaos. These aspects of cells are difficult to glean from two-dimensional illustrations in textbooks or animations where necessary simplification abstracts processes from their full cellular context. Forty-four undergraduate biology students were guided to move using three sets of cues in a dance studio setting where each exercise aimed to experientially highlight and deepen understanding of a different aspect of cellular structure and function. Students described their experiences and personal learning outcomes in written reflections. The movement-based exercises we describe provided a means of discovery, inquiry, and interest for introductory cell biology students and serve as a template to teach other central concepts in cell biology.
An Introduction to CRISPR-Mediated Genome Editing in Fungi
Authors: Vyas Valmik K. , Bernstein Douglas A.
Published: December 2019

Central dogma, transformation, and genome editing are key biological concepts for which junior scientists must gain experience during training. Here we present an exercise that introduces these concepts in a single practical laboratory exercise. Our exercise utilizes CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to introduce a stop codon into
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
ADE2. This edit leads to the buildup of an adenine precursor that dyes the edited cells red. As the repair template, guide RNA, and Cas9 are all encoded in our vector, transformation can be performed in 2 hours. Furthermore, since all components of the Cas9/CRISPR system are encoded by the vector, specialized equipment and reagents, such as a PCR machine or oligonucleotides, are not required to perform the experiments as designed. As such, these exercises provide an efficient cost-effective introduction to a wide variety of key molecular biology concepts and lay the foundation for more rigorous investigations in upper-level classes and independent research projects.
A Simplified but Comprehensive Laboratory Curriculum for Microbiology in Nursing and Allied Health (MINAH) Courses
Authors: McCall Brynn , Pacitti Anne F. , Forster Brian M.
Published: December 2019

Some U.S. nursing programs have considered or already have removed microbiology courses from their curriculum. In response to this, the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) published in 2018 the
Microbiology in Nursing and Allied Health (MINAH) Undergraduate Curriculum Guidelines
. Parts of these guidelines include competencies and skills, which are best taught in a laboratory setting. Recognizing that some programs face a burden of running nursing/allied health microbiology lab classes, we have designed a curriculum of seven laboratories that covers the concepts in the MINAH guidelines. These labs cover aseptic technique and proper specimen collection, microscopy, enumerating microorganisms, and diagnostic tests in identifying unknowns. In addition, we provide some tips and tools for keeping down the costs of offering a microbiology lab. It is our goal that these tips and the suggested guidelines will allow microbiology to remain in the nursing and allied health curriculum.
A Scalable CURE Using a CRISPR/Cas9 Fluorescent Protein Knock-In Strategy in
Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hastie Eric , Sellers Ryan , Valan Bruno , Sherwood David R.
Published: December 2019

Genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9 technology has advanced from the lab bench to clinical application with multiple trials underway. This article introduces a course-based undergraduate experience (CURE) combining CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing (using a modified two-plasmid system) and the animal model
Caenorhabditis elegans
. This CURE is designed to be a scalable, semester-long laboratory that will introduce the students to literature searches, molecular biology, experiment planning, microscopy, CRISPR bioethics discussion, and scientific writing. Here, students challenged themselves to endogenously tag the
C. elegans
gene
zmp-4
, a matrix metalloproteinase enzyme, with a fluorescent protein marker and successfully generated a new worm strain. The knock-in was confirmed with genotyping and imaging and will be available for use by the entire worm community.
Thermal history of the crystalline basement from the western and southern Gulf of Mexico: Implications for rifting and later events
Authors: Villagómez* Diego , Pindell James , Spikings Richard
Published: December 2019

New K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar and apatite fission-track thermochronological data from the crystalline basement of the western Gulf of Mexico (basement core samples from Tamaulipas Arch, Tuxpan, and Jalapa–Santa Ana highs) and K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar from field samples of the Chiapas Massif in southern Mexico provide valuable information on the tectonic history of the region, namely, the rifting and postrifting stages of evolution in the Gulf of Mexico. The onset of rifting was probably as early as ca. 216 Ma and was characterized by extensional faulting that led to cooling of the basement footwall blocks by tectonic unroofing. The Tamaulipas Arch and the Jalapa–Santa Ana High were unroofed and cooled until ca. 160 Ma, whereas rocks from the Chiapas Massif were probably affected only until ca. 180 Ma. The thermochronological data suggest that the Tamaulipas Arch and the Chiapas Massif may have been footwalls to low-angle detachments prior to ca. 180 Ma. By ca. 180 Ma, the Chiapas Massif was arguably attached to Yucatán. Rotation of the Yucatán block (and Chiapas Massif) probably started at ca. 167 Ma and unroofed (exhumed) the Tamaulipas Arch very quickly until 155 Ma, when it was unconformably covered by Kimmeridgian sediments along its flanks. The Tamaulipas Arch was progressively buried until the Eocene (ca. 40 Ma), when it was uplifted, and a portion of its sedimentary cover was eroded. A second pulse of uplift occurred in the late Miocene. Our thermochronological data also show that there are along-strike variations in the vertical movements experienced by the Tamaulipas Arch since the Jurassic. This can have important implications for oil maturation of the source rocks in the region, as there might be zones that remained within the oil window for significant amounts of time.
Post–12 Ma deformation in the lower Colorado River corridor, southwestern USA: Implications for diffuse transtension and the Bouse Formation
Authors: Thacker Jacob O. , Karlstrom Karl E. , Crossey Laura J. , Crow Ryan S. , Cassidy Colleen E. , Beard L. Sue , Singleton John S. , Strickland Evan D. , Seymour Nikki M. , Wyatt Michael R.
Published: December 2019

Structural evidence presented here documents that deformation was ongoing within the lower Colorado River corridor (southwestern USA) during and after the latest Miocene Epoch, postdating large-magnitude extension and metamorphic core complex formation. Geometric and kinematic data collected on faults in key geologic units constrain the timing of deformation in relation to the age of the Bouse Formation, a unit that records the first arrival and integration of the Colorado River. North-south–striking extensional, NW-SE–striking oblique dextral, NE-SW–striking oblique sinistral, and east-west–striking contractional faults and related structures are observed to deform pre– (>6 Ma), syn– (6–4.8 Ma), and post–Bouse Formation (<4.8 Ma) strata. Fault displacements are typically at the centimeter to meter scale, and locally exhibit 10-m-scale displacements. Bouse Formation basalt carbonate locally exhibits outcrop-scale (tens of meters) syndepositional dips of 30°–90°, draped over and encrusted upon paleotopography, and has a basin-wide vertical distribution of as much as 500 m. We argue that part of this vertical distribution of Bouse Formation deposits represents syn- and post-Bouse deformation that enhanced north-south–trending depocenters due to combined tectonic and isostatic subsidence in a regional fault kinematic framework of east-west diffuse extension within an overall strain field of dextral transtension. Here we (1) characterize post-detachment tectonism within the corridor, (2) show that diffuse tectonism is cumulatively significant and likely modified original elevations of Bouse Formation outcrops, and (3) demonstrate that this tectonism may have played a role in the integration history of the lower Colorado River. We suggest a model whereby intracontinental transtension took place in a several hundred kilometers-wide area inboard of the San Andreas fault within a diffuse Pacific–North America plate margin since the latest Miocene.
Influence of protein damage and proteasome gene expression on the longevity of recalcitrantMadhuca latifoliaRoxb. seeds
Authors: Chandra Jipsi , Dubey Mahima , Keshavkant S.
Published: December 2019

Enhanced cellular damage during desiccation is considered to be one of the key factors limiting vigour and viability of seeds. The uncontrolled accumulation of reactive oxygen species and resultant damaging reactions such as the oxidation of lipids and DNA in desiccating seeds of Madhuca latifolia (Roxb.) J. F. Macbr. has already been well characterized. However, hydrolytic and (or) oxidative damage to proteins requires further study. This study investigated the desiccation-induced oxidative damage to proteins and proteolytic systems in recalcitrant M. latifolia seeds during ambient storage. Seeds experienced a significant drop in seed water content [ca. 1.32 to ca. 0.23 g·(g dry mass)−1] during storage resulting in complete loss of viability after 35 days of storage. A considerable decline in total protein content (3.0–3.6 fold) and activity (4.8–13.8 fold) in the gene expressions of proteasome subunits (α, β, and E2) were recorded in the embryonic axis of desiccating M. latifolia seeds. In contrast, increases in the level of protein carbonyls (2.46 fold), hydroperoxides (2.31 fold), malondialdehyde- and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-protein adducts (1.8 and 3.9 fold), and Amadori and Maillard reaction products, along with proteases (14.5–30.4 fold) were observed in desiccating M. latifolia seeds. This study revealed that increased oxidation/modification of proteins and proteasome dysfunction are involved in the deterioration of desiccating M. latifolia seeds.
High-resolution and low-background $$^{163}$$Ho spectrum: interpretation of the resonance tails
Authors: Velte C. , Ahrens F. , Barth A. , Blaum K. , Braß M. , Door M. , Dorrer H. , Düllmann Ch. E. , Eliseev S. , Enss C. , Filianin P. , Fleischmann A. , Gastaldo L. , Goeggelmann A. , Goodacre T. Day , Haverkort M. W. , Hengstler D. , Jochum J. , Johnston K. , Keller M. , Kempf S. , Kieck T. , König C. M. , Köster U. , Kromer K. , Mantegazzini F. , Marsh B. , Novikov Yu. N. , Piquemal F. , Riccio C. , Richter D. , Rischka A. , Rothe S. , Schüssler R. X. , Schweiger Ch. , Stora T. , Wegner M. , Wendt K. , Zampaolo M. , Zuber K.
Published: December 2019

The determination of the effective electron neutrino mass via kinematic analysis of beta and electron capture spectra is considered to be model-independent since it relies on energy and momentum conservation. At the same time the precise description of the expected spectrum goes beyond the simple phase space term. In particular for electron capture processes, many-body electron-electron interactions lead to additional structures besides the main resonances in calorimetrically measured spectra. A precise description of the $$^{163}$$163Ho spectrum is fundamental for understanding the impact of low intensity structures at the endpoint region where a finite neutrino mass affects the shape most strongly. We present a low-background and high-energy resolution measurement of the $$^{163}$$163Ho spectrum obtained in the framework of the ECHo experiment. We study the line shape of the main resonances and multiplets with intensities spanning three orders of magnitude. We discuss the need to introduce an asymmetric line shape contribution due to Auger–Meitner decay of states above the auto-ionisation threshold. With this we determine an enhancement of count rate at the endpoint region of about a factor of 2, which in turn leads to an equal reduction in the required exposure of the experiment to achieve a given sensitivity on the effective electron neutrino mass.
Folate-Conjugated Chitosan-Pluronic P123 Nanogels: Synthesis and Characterizations towards Dual Drug Delivery
Authors: Nguyen Van Toan , Nguyen Thi Hương , Dang Le Hang , Vu-Quang Hieu , Tran Ngoc Quyen
Published: December 2019

In this study, a self-assembled nanogel-based pluronic P123-grafted chitosan-folate (CP-FA) was fabricated as a paclitaxel/curcumin codelivery system. 1H-NMR and TGA proved that the fabricating method of CP-FA was successful. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potentials, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) exposed that CP-FA nanoparticles had a uniform size with a diameter of around 16.27±2.01 nm in the colloidal solution and had better sustainable stability at a lower concentration than P123 due to the moderate positive potential value (39.43±3.45 mV) and the lower critical micelle concentration (0.036 mg/ml). Dual drugs were loaded with CP-FA nanogels via self-assembly by the hydrophobic interaction between both hydrophobic therapeutic compounds (PTX and Cur) and the hydrophobic segment of the P123 copolymer. The high hydrophobicity of the segment induced a great loading efficacy of up to 98.63±0.42 of PTX and 97.82±0.48 of Cur. In addition, the CP-FA nanogels exposed superior effects in a controlled release of these encapsulated therapeutic compounds for a long period of time. The anticancer activity of the dual-drug delivery system was evaluated using human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) via the IC50 value to compare with the PTX-loading CP-FA nanogel. The obtained results suggested that CP-FA/PTX-Cur displayed a remarkable improvement in anticancer activity at an IC50 value of 5.74±0.23 nM which was higher than that of CP-FA/PTX (IC50=8.20±1.41 nM) due to the synergistic effect of both PTX and Cur. Thereby, a dual-drug delivery-system-based CP-FA of PTX and Cur has been proposed as a promising candidate in cancer therapy.
A Novel Compact Microstrip Antenna with an Embeddedλ/4 Resonator
Authors: Zhang Honglin , Chen Dong , Yu Ying , Zhao Chunlan , Tian Guoping
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a novel design of compact microstrip antenna (MA) using an embeddedλ/4 resonator is presented. By utilizing the strong coupling between theλ/4 resonator and the radiation patch of MA, the resonant frequency of MA can be decreased. Besides, theλ/4 resonator is embedded in the patch, which does not enlarge the whole size of MA. Therefore, a compact antenna can be realized. In this paper, after the principle is stated, a sample antenna has been manufactured and measured to prove the predicted characteristics of our proposed antenna. The measurement agrees well with the simulation. Hence, the proposed method in this paper is quite suitable for the design of a compact antenna.
Neuroprotective Effect of Optimized Yinxieling Formula in 6-OHDA-Induced Chronic Model of Parkinson’s Disease through the Inflammation Pathway
Authors: Wei Renrong , Rong Cuiping , Xie Qingfeng , Wu Shouhai , Feng Yuchao , Wang Ruihua , Dai Zhenhui , Lin Tongxiang
Published: December 2019

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN)-striatum circuit, which is associated with glial activation and consequent chronic neuroinflammation. Optimized Yinxieling Formula (OYF) is a Chinese medicine that exerts therapeutical effect and antiinflammation property on psoriasis. Our previous study has proven that pretreatment with OYF could regulate glia-mediated inflammation in an acute mouse model of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Given that PD is a chronic degeneration disorder, this study applied another PD animal model induced by striatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to mimic the progressive damage of the SN-striatum dopamine system in rats. The OYF was administrated in the manner of pretreatment plus treatment. The effects of the OYF on motor behaviors were assessed with the apomorphine-induced rotation test and adjusting steps test. To confirm the effect of OYF on dopaminergic neurons and glia activation in this model, we analyzed the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glia markers, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the SN region of the rat PD model. Inflammation-associated factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), were further evaluated in this model and in interferon-γ- (INF-γ-) induced murine macrophages RAW264.7 cells. The results from the in vivo study showed that OYF reversed the motor behavioral dysfunction in 6-OHDA-induced PD rats, upregulated the TH expression, decreased the immunoreactivity of Iba-1 and GFAP, and downregulated the mRNA levels of TNF-α and COX-2. The OYF also trended to decrease the mRNA levels of IL-1β and iNOS in vivo. The results from the in vitro study showed that OYF significantly decreased the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2. Therefore, this study suggests that OYF exerts antiinflammatory effects, which might be related to the protection of dopaminergic neurons in 6-OHDA-induced chronic neurotoxicity.
Parameter Prediction of Water Imbibition in Unsaturated Shales Using the NMR Method
Authors: Yang Jun , Leng Jingyi , Qiao Linke , Wang Linlin , Ding Jiadi
Published: December 2019

Although the hydraulic fracturing treatment can improve the conductivity of shale reservoirs, the low recovery rate of the fracturing fluid may cause potential environmental and production issues. For an accurate investigation of these issues, an appropriate model of the water imbibition in shales is required. However, the hydraulic parameters related to water imbibition in shales are hard to be measured due to their tiny pores. In this study, an effective method is proposed to estimate the water imbibition volume. The nuclear magnetic resonance method is applied to obtain the related parameters including the capillary curve, the intrinsic and relative permeability of the shale, which can significantly cut down the time and cost needed to get these data. This model is validated by water imbibition experiments. In addition, we compare two empirical equations used to calculate intrinsic permeability in the NMR method and calibrate the corresponding parameter a for shale, which is poorly investigated in literature. Finally, we suggest that the capillary force dominates the early stage of water imbibition process in unsaturated shales, and the late period may be influenced more by other mechanisms such as the osmosis and the surface hydration.
lncRNA-Triggered Macrophage Inflammaging Deteriorates Age-Related Diseases
Authors: Nie Lulingxiao , Zhang Peng , Wang Qian , Zhou Xinyi , Wang Qi
Published: December 2019

Aging and age-related diseases (ARDs) share basic mechanisms largely involving inflammation. A chronic, low-grade, subclinical inflammation called inflammaging occurs during aging. Autophagy defects, oxidative stresses, senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs), and DNA damage generally contribute to inflammaging and are largely regulated by numerous lncRNA through two-level vicious cycles disrupting cellular homeostasis: (1) inflammaging and the cellular senescence cascade and (2) autophagy defects, oxidative stress, and the SASP cascade. SASPs and inflammasomes simultaneously cause inflammaging. This review discusses the involvement of macrophage inflammaging in various ARDs and its regulation via lncRNA. Among macrophages, this phenomenon potentially impairs its immunosurveillance and phagocytosis mechanisms, leading to decreased recognition and clearance of malignant and senescent cells. Moreover, SASPs extracellularly manifest to induce paracrine senescence. Macrophage senescence escalates to organ level malfunction, and the organism is more prone to ARDs. By targeting genes and proteins or functioning as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), lncRNA regulates different phenomena including inflammaging and ARDs. The detailed mechanism warrants further elucidation to obtain pathological evidence of ARDs and potential treatment approaches.
Outer Rotor Permanent Magnet Passively Compensated Pulsed Alternator for Electromagnetic Railgun System
Authors: Chen Yaqian , Zhang Bingyi , Wang Shuai , Zhang Haoyu , Feng Guihong
Published: December 2019

In the compensated pulsed alternator, the slotless armature winding and internal rotor structure with electric excitation are usually adopted. The above structure can effectively reduce the air gap leakage and has the simple structure, but it exhibits such disadvantages that the armature winding is difficult to disperse the heat and to be fixed, the shielding element is easy to deform due to the centrifugal force in the discharge process, and both reversing device and energy storage flywheel need to be used. In this investigation, an outer rotor permanent magnet passively compensated pulsed alternator was designed to solve the above problems. Then, a collaborative simulation model for the railgun system driven by outer rotor permanent magnet passively compensated pulsed alternator was built with the ANSYS simulation platform. The no‐load characteristics of the alternator, the output characteristics of the alternator, and the performances of the railgun system were compared and analyzed under three kinds of pole and slot matching. The present research can provide the theoretical foundation and reference for the further engineering application of an outer rotor permanent magnet passively compensated pulsed alternator.
Dosimetric Comparison of Lung-Sparing Radiation Therapy between Volumetric Arc Therapy and Helical Tomotherapy for Unresectable Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Pehlivan Berrin , Sengul Kansu , Yesil Abdullah , Nalbant Nilgul , Ozturk Osman , Ozdemir Yurday , Topkan Erkan
Published: December 2019

Objective. To compare volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) and helical tomotherapy (HT) plans in terms of dosimetric parameters in positron emission tomography- (PET-) computerized tomography- (CT-) based radiation therapy planning in unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Methods. CT and coregistered PET-CT data from seven patients with histologically-proven MPM were utilized for VMAT and HT plans. Target volumes and organs at risk (OARs) were delineated. The prescription doses for planning target volume 1 (PTV1) and PTV2 were 45.0 Gy and 54 Gy in 1.8 Gy/fr, respectively. Each technique was evaluated in terms of target volume coverage and OAR doses. Findings. Although the maximum (p=0.001) and mean (p<0.001) doses of PTV1, and PTV2 (p<0.001 for maximum and p=0.001 for mean doses) favored the HT technique over VMAT, both techniques efficiently covered the target volumes. Additionally, HT also provided more homogeneous dose distribution (p<0.001) and numerically lower doses received by most OARs, but again both rotational techniques were successful in keeping the OAR doses below the universally accepted limits. The major disadvantage of the HT technique was the requirement for longer treatment times (7.4 versus 2.5 minutes/fr; p<0.001) to accomplish the intended treatment. Conclusion. Results of this dosimetric comparison clearly demonstrated the possibility of safe hemithoracic irradiation of medically/technically unresectable MPM patients with either of the two rotational RT techniques, namely the VMAT and HT. Clinically, considering their poor prognosis, these promising findings may open a potential new window for curative treatment of unresectable MPM patients, if further confirmed by future clinical studies.
Synthesis of Sparse Concentric Ring Arrays Based on Fitness-Associated Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Wang Xujian , Yao Minli , Zhang Fenggan , Dai Dingcheng
Published: December 2019

In this paper, fitness-associated differential evolution (FITDE) algorithm is proposed and applied to the synthesis of sparse concentric ring arrays under constraint conditions, whose goal is to reduce peak sidelobe level. In unmodified differential evolution (DE) algorithm, crossover probability is constant and remains unchanged during the whole optimization process, resulting in the negative effect on the population diversity and convergence speed. Therefore, FITDE is proposed where crossover probability can change according to certain information. Firstly, the population fitness variance is introduced to the traditional differential evolution algorithm to adjust the constant crossover probability dynamically. The fitness variance in the earlier iterations is relatively large. Under this circumstance, the corresponding crossover probability shall be small to speed up the exploration process. As the iteration progresses, the fitness variance becomes small on the whole and the crossover probability should be set large to enrich population diversity. Thereby, we construct three variation strategies of crossover probability according to the above changing trend. Secondly, FITDE is tested on benchmark functions, and the best one of the three strategies is determined according to the test results. Finally, sparse concentric ring arrays are optimized using FITDE, of which the results are compared with reference algorithms. The optimization results manifest the advantageous effectiveness of FITDE.
High CO2 Adsorption Enthalpy Enabled by Uncoordinated N-Heteroatom Sites of a 3D Metal-Organic Framework
Authors: Zhao Yongting , Xie Yiming
Published: December 2019

A 3D metal-organic framework (MOF), Mn2L2(H2O)2 · (DMF) {H2L = 5- (Pyridin-2-yl)-3, 3′-bi (1H-1,2,4-triazole)} (1) with uncoordinated N-heteroatom sites, has been obtained through hydrothermal method and structurally characterized by X-ray structural analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermal analysis (TGA). The framework of compound 1 exhibits fascinating adsorption properties and shows high adsorption enthalpy of CO2. The experimental results prove which uncoordinated nitrogen heteroatom sites can markedly increase the reciprocity between host frame and CO2 at room temperature.
An Exposure Assessment of Arsenic and Other Trace Elements in Ha Nam Province, Northern Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Manh Ha , Hoang Quoc Anh , Nguyen Lan Anh , Ta Thi Thao , Pham Tien Duc , Tu Minh Binh , Chu Dinh Binh
Published: December 2019

Concentrations of As and other trace elements were measured in groundwater, rice, hair, urine, and blood samples of people consuming As-contaminated groundwater in a village of Ha Nam province, northern Vietnam to understand the recent status of contamination and assess the possible risks of human exposure. Elevated concentrations of As in groundwater were still observed, exceeding the WHO guideline value in most of the tube wells investigated. Significant positive correlations between As concentrations in groundwater and human samples (hair and urine) were observed. Arsenic concentrations in human and hair appeared to be related to the groundwater usage habit, with higher levels found in drinking group than those in the washing group. Significant good correlations were also encountered between cumulative intakes of As, Mn, and Ba through groundwater consumption and hair concentrations. All these results indicate the chronic exposure to As and some other elements such as Mn and Ba. The total intakes of As, Mn, and Ba through rice and groundwater consumption were estimated to be ranged from 80–836, 49.3–1850, and 311–97100 µg/day, respectively. The daily intakes of As of the study area ranged from 1.6–16.7 µg/kg body wt./day, mean: 7.15 µg/kg body wt./day, in which about 85% of the subjects were above the provisional tolerable daily intake proposed by WHO.
Research Progress on Chemical Constituents of Zingiber officinale Roscoe
Authors: Liu Yan , Liu Jincheng , Zhang Yongqing
Published: December 2019

Zingiber officinale Roscoe is commonly used in food and pharmaceutical products but can also be used in cosmetics and daily necessities. In recent years, many scholars have studied the chemical composition of Zingiber officinale Roscoe; therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively summarize the chemical composition of Zingiber officinale Roscoe in one article. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the chemical constituents of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. The results show that Zingiber officinale Roscoe contains 194 types of volatile oils, 85 types of gingerol, and 28 types of diarylheptanoid compounds, which can lay a foundation for further applications of Zingiber officinale Roscoe.
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) Induces VEGF Expression and Production in Rat Odontoblastic Cells
Authors: Kuramoto Hitomi , Hirao Kouji , Yumoto Hiromichi , Hosokawa Yuki , Nakanishi Tadashi , Takegawa Daisuke , Washio Ayako , Kitamura Chiaki , Matsuo Takashi
Published: December 2019

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), the main component of propolis, has various biological activities including anti-inflammatory effect and wound healing promotion. Odontoblasts located in the outermost layer of dental pulp play crucial roles such as production of growth factors and formation of hard tissue termed reparative dentin in host defense against dental caries. In this study, we investigated the effects of CAPE on the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and calcification activities of odontoblasts, leading to development of novel therapy for dental pulp inflammation caused by dental caries. CAPE significantly induced mRNA expression and production of VEGF in rat clonal odontoblast-like KN-3 cells cultured in normal medium or osteogenic induction medium. CAPE treatment enhanced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor activation, and furthermore, the specific inhibitor of NF-κB significantly reduced VEGF production. The expression of VEGF receptor- (VEGFR-) 2, not VEGFR-1, was up regulated in KN-3 cells treated with CAPE. In addition, VEGF significantly increased mineralization activity in KN-3 cells. These findings suggest that CAPE might be useful as a novel biological material for the dental pulp conservative therapy.
Traceable and Authenticated Key Negotiations via Blockchain for Vehicular Communications
Authors: Chen Yuling , Hao Xiaohan , Ren Wei , Ren Yi
Published: December 2019

While key negotiation schemes, such as those based on Diffie–Hellman, have been the subject of ongoing research, designing an efficient and security scheme remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel key negotiation scheme based on blockchain, which can be deployed in blockchain-enabled contexts such as data sharing or facilitating electric transactions between vehicles (e.g., unmanned vehicles). We propose three candidates for flexible selection, namely, key exchanges via transaction currency values through value channels (such as the amount in transactions), automated key exchanges through static scripts,and dynamic scripts, which can not only guarantee key availability with timeliness but also defend against MITM (man-in-the-middle) attacks, packet-dropping attacks, and decryption failure attacks.
Correlation of Maturity Parameters Derived from Methylphenanthrenes and Methyldibenzothiophenes in the Carboniferous Source Rocks from Qaidam Basin, NW China
Authors: He Chuan , Huang Haiping , Wang Qianru , Li Zongxing
Published: December 2019

Twenty-one core samples from the Carboniferous Keluke Formation in the Qaidam basin, NW China, have been geochemically characterized to investigate thermal maturation influence on the evolution behaviors of aromatic hydrocarbons and the validity of commonly used maturity parameters. The Keluke Formation was deposited in marine to continental transitional facies and dominated by type III kerogen. Rock-Eval Tmax and vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) measurement suggested that the studied samples are highly matured at peak oil to gas condensate generation stages. Most biomarkers lost their sensitivity to indicate maturity level due to either approaching the equilibrium point or too low concentrations, while isomer distributions in alkylnaphthalenes, alkylphenanthrenes, and alkyldibenzothiophenes still show systematic variations with increasing maturity. The present study focused on the maturity parameters derived from methylphenanthrenes (MP) and methyldibenzothiophenes (MDBT). The most widely used methylphenanthrene index 1 (MPI‐1=1.5×2‐MP+3‐MP/P+9‐MP+1‐MP) shows no correlation with known maturity indicators, but the methylphenanthrene ratio (MPR=2‐MP/1‐MP) and methyldibenzothiophenes ratio (MDR=4‐MDBT/1‐MDBT) increase steadily with increasing maturity levels and are proved to be valid maturity parameters. However, empirical vitrinite reflectance estimations derived from MPR and MDR have dramatically overestimated the maturity levels. Our quantitative data illustrated that concentrations of thermally stable isomers (3-MP, 2-MP, and 4-MDBT) increase continuously with increasing maturity while thermally unstable isomers (9-MP, 1-MP, and 1-MDBT) are almost invariable in the studied maturity range. The invalidity of MPI-1 is caused by the involvement of phenanthrene in the maturity parameter formula possibly due to a variable degree of alkylation. Dealkylation of methylphenanthrenes to form parent phenanthrene occurs much earlier than Ro of 1.35% reported in the literature. The increment of MPR and MDR values with maturity levels is mainly caused by different generation rates with a higher generation rate of thermally stable isomer than thermally unstable counterpart rather than isomerization between them. Caution should be taken when empirical formula published in literature based on commonly used maturity parameters is directly applied for maturity estimation as no universal applicable correlation is likely available.
Determination of δ13C of Trace Hydrocarbons in Natural Gas Using Syringe Solid Phase Extraction (SSPE) Coupled with Gas Chromatography/Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (GC/IRMS)
Authors: Yan Cancan , Li Zhongping , Li Shutong , Wang Zuodong , Xing Lantian , Liu Yan , Mou Weiwei , Wang Kaiwen
Published: December 2019

Sample preparation technique, for the analysis of δ13C ratios in oil and gas samples, has gradually been recognized as one of the most crucial steps of the whole analytical process. In this study, a new convenient method, syringe solid phase extraction (SSPE), was proposed for measuring δ13C in natural gas samples. Based on conditional experiments of temperature and time, SSPE fitted with activated carbon adsorbent was applied with a gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS) system for trace carbon isotope analysis. The results showed that isotopic fractionation was not clearly observed during the adsorption and desorption process, and the δ13C ratios measured by SSPE-GC/IRMS were in good agreement with the known δ13C ratios of CH4~C5H12 measured by GC/IRMS with the accuracy all within ±0.48‰. A natural gas sample was applied to verify the efficiency of this new method, and the obtained results confirmed that SSPE-GC/IRMS is a reliable technique characterized with simplicity, efficiency, and reliability.
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Malaria among Children in the Tamale Metropolis: How Does the PfHRP2 CareStart™ RDT Perform against Microscopy?
Authors: Kanwugu Osman N. , Helegbe Gideon K. , Aryee Paul A. , Abdul-Karim Abass , Anaba Frank , Ziblim Zulka , Amevi Evans D.
Published: December 2019

Background. Asymptomatic carriage of the malaria parasites, likewise its misdiagnosis, especially false negatives, due to the use of substandard rapid diagnosis tests (RDTs) has been shown to hinder the progress of the fight against malaria. Method. The study assessed the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria as well as the performance of Plasmodium falciparum-specific protein and histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) CareStart™ RDT against standard microscopy in the detection of malaria infection among 345 children (1–15 yrs) from two (2) basic schools in Tamale Metropolis. Results. From the microscopy (considered as gold standard), prevalence of malaria among the asymptomatic children was found to be 2.6%, with sensitivity and specificity of CareStart™ RDT in detecting P. falciparum infections found to be 55.6% and 93.8%, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of CareStart™ RDT were found to be 19.23% and 98.45%, respectively. There was an evidence showing a significant relation between CareStart™ RDT and microscopy in determining malaria infection (χ2 = 30.579, p<0.001). Conclusion. Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among children was found to be 2.6%. The study reported low sensitivity and PPV for PfHRP2 CareStart™ RDT in an asymptomatic population at instances of low parasitaemia.
Experimental Study on Manufactured Sand-Soil Bearing Capacity W-T-BC Model Based on Mechanical Response of Rotary Penetration
Authors: Lv Xiangfeng , Zhang Shuo , Zhou Hongyuan
Published: December 2019

Studies are lacking in establishing the quantitative relationship between the mechanical response and the rock and soil mechanical parameters by digital rotary penetration. In this study, based on the custom-built rock and soil strength parameter test device and the three-dimensional flexible boundary loading device, we conducted an experimental study of the manufactured sand-soil model with moisture contents of 5%, 10%, and 15% under different confining pressures (0, 0.12, 0.18, 0.24, and 0.42 MPa). Analysis was conducted on the influencing factors and laws of water content on the experimental results, and a quantitative relationship model (W-T-BC model) between the drilling torque and the bearing capacity of manufactured sand-soil under the condition of different water contents was established. Through failure detection verification on the manufactured sand-soil-filled subgrade of the Taihang Mountains Expressway in Beijing, the average conformity between the calculated value of the bearing capacity of the W-T-BC model and the standard experimental bearing capacity was 93.23%, which proved the validity and accuracy of the model. Finally, the rigid-soft interface grid body of sand-soil particles was analyzed. The reason why the manufactured sand-soil exhibited better stability than homogeneous soil under the action of external force in microcosmic aspect was expounded. The establishment of the W-T-BC model provided a scientific basis and important reference for further study of the relationship between mechanical response and force parameters under different conditions of different materials.
Antioxidant Potential and the Characterization of Arachis hypogaea Roots
Authors: Ullah Samee , Hussain Syed Ammar , Shaukat Faryal , Hameed Ahsan , Yang Wu , Song Yuanda
Published: December 2019

Arachis hypogaea roots are used as traditional Chinese medicine to treat different ailments, and the present study involves the exploration and comparison of phenolic profile and antioxidant activities (ABTS+ and DPPH assay) of A. hypogaea root extract in different solvents. 70% aqueous acetone and 70% aqueous ethanol were proved to be the best solvents to recover total phenolic compounds, with a yield of 42.59 ± 1.96 and 41.34 ± 0.92 mg/g dry weight of extract, respectively. ABTS+ radical scavenging activity was the highest in 70% aqueous ethanol, while the absolute methanol extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (29.50 ± 2.19 μg/mL). Furthermore, phytochemical profiling of 70% acetone extract of A. hypogaea roots was performed by LC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis which in turn indicated the presence of diverse compounds in the A. hypogaea root extract, namely, quinones, stilbenoids, and flavones and flavonoid glucosides.
A Differential Evolution Algorithm‐Based Traffic Control Model for Signalized Intersections
Authors: Cakici Ziya , Murat Yetis Sazi
Published: December 2019

Sustainable management of traffic flows at signalized intersections is an important issue in terms of traffic engineering. The minimization of lost time, emission, fuel consumption, etc., can be achieved by optimization‐based intersection management. In this study, a new traffic signal control model is developed for the management of three‐leg signalized intersections. In the proposed model, signal timing and signal phasing are optimized simultaneously using Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm which is one of the population‐based metaheuristic algorithms. The effectiveness of the model is tested on sample traffic scenarios with VISSIM simulation software considering average vehicle delay performance criteria. Results show that the proposed approach may reduce the average vehicle delay between the rates of 28%–42% and 3%–38% comparing to the optimum fixed‐time signal control and vehicle‐actuated signal control for tested scenarios, respectively.
Pricing and Coordination Strategy in a Green Supply Chain with a Risk‐Averse Retailer
Authors: Wang Liyan , Ye Minghai , Ma Shanshan , Sha Yipeng
Published: December 2019

This paper addresses the pricing and coordination strategy in a green supply chain in which a manufacturer produces a green product and sells it to a risk‐averse retailer. The product’s demand is a random variable influenced by the green level and the retail price. The problem is modeled in three different structures, a centralized and two decentralized models, in which the upstream manufacturer and the downstream retailer act as the channel leader, respectively. This paper presents the optimal decisions for all supply chain members, analyzes the effects of green degree and risk‐averse coefficient on the supply chain members’ decision‐making and their profits, and performs the numerical analysis. The results show that the green degree and the whole supply chain’s expected profits are highest in the centralized scenario, followed by the retailer‐led scenario, and lowest under the manufacturer‐led scenario; the green degree and the manufacturer’s expected profit increase with the risk‐averse coefficient, no matter who dominates the channel; however, the risk‐averse coefficient’s effects on the retailer’s expected utility and the retail price depends on who dominates the channel and on the greening investment parameter.
A Study on the Slope Failure Monitoring of a Model Slope by the Application of a Displacement Sensor
Authors: Park Sungyong , Lim Hyuntaek , Tamang Bibek , Jin Jihuan , Lee Seungjoo , Chang Sukhyun , Kim Yongseong
Published: December 2019

Many causalities and economic losses are caused by natural disasters, such as landslides and slope failures, every year. This suggests that there is a need for an early warning system to mitigate casualties and economic losses. Most of the studies on early warning systems have been carried out by predicting landslide-prone areas, but studies related to the prediction of landslide occurrence time points by the real-time monitoring of slope displacement are still insufficient. In this study, a displacement sensor and an Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring system were combined together, to monitor slope failure through cutting experiments of a real-scale model slope. Real-time monitoring of the slope movement was performed simultaneously via a low-cost, efficient, and easy-to-use IoT system. Based on the obtained displacement data, an inverse displacement analysis was performed. Finally, a slope instrumentation standard was proposed based on the slope of the inverse displacement for early evacuation before slope failure.
Large Specific Surface Area Macroporous Nanocast LaFe1−xNixO3: A Stable Catalyst for Catalytic Methane Dry Reforming
Authors: Chen Chunfeng , Meng Zhaojun , Wang Zijun
Published: December 2019

Macroporous nanocast perovskites, LaFe1−xNixO3 (x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7), were synthesized by using a nanocasting technique with SBA-15 as a template and applied to methane dry reforming (MDR). The prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, specific-surface-area analysis, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, and thermogravimetric analysis. LaFe1−xNixO3 revealed a large specific surface area, which could enhance its catalytic activity. The catalysts were reduced to Ni/LaFeO3-La2O3 in the MDR reaction. The alkaline additive, La2O3, and perovskite oxide, LaFeO3, strongly interacted with the active component to reduce the surface energy of metal particles and prevent aggregation of active Ni. The results showed that LaFe0.5Ni0.5O3 and LaFe0.3Ni0.7O3 perform better than LaFe0.7Ni0.3O3. More importantly, LaFe0.5Ni0.5O3 had a very long lifetime (>80 h) in the MDR reaction. The LaFe0.5Ni0.5O3 catalyst showed excellent stability in the MDR reaction and has potential use in industrial applications.