bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term functional symptoms after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Altukhova Aljona V. , Kaurkin Sergey N. , Skvortsov Dmitry V. , Akhpashev Alexander A. , Mensakh Layonnel
Published: May 2021

Background: The standard of the surgical treatment for arthrosis of the knee joint (KJ) at the later stages is total arthroplasty, which allows relieving the pain and eliminating the existing deformity. However, there are not enough data on the long-term results after the surgery that is important for understanding the dynamics of the recovery and predicting the result. Aims: Study of clinical, functional, and biomechanical symptoms in patients after total arthroplasty of the knee joint in the long-term period. Methods: 22 patients after knee joint replacement and 20 relatively healthy adults (control group) were examined in long-term periods. The biomechanics of walking was studied at an arbitrary pace. The temporal characteristics of the gait cycle, shock loads and movements in the hip joints (HJ) and KJ were recorded. We recorded the time characteristics of the walking cycle, shock loads and movements in the hip joint (HJ) and KJ. The patients were divided into two subgroups according to the results of the biomechanical study. The patients from subgroup 1 had good functionality with a swing amplitude of the knee joint of 50 degrees or more, the movement algorithm was preserved. The patients from subgroup 2 had a swing amplitude of up to 50 degrees, the movement algorithm was impaired. Results: The temporal characteristics of the waking cycle of knee arthroplasty patients did not differ significantly from the control group in the long term. Abduction-adduction and rotation movements in HJ and KJ show a decrease in the amplitudes, more pronounced in the second subgroup. The main changes in the kinematics of the hip joint are characterized by a decrease in the range of motion and a longer extension time during the support period, which was found for both sides, especially in the second subgroup. The greatest changes were observed in the kinematics of the knee joints movements. They included a decrease in the amplitude of all the movements, not only on the endoprosthesis side, but also on the opposite side. Conclusions: There is no complete restoration of the knee joint function after total arthroplasty in the long term. The function of both lower limbs is symmetrically decreased. The fact of functionally different (less severe and more severe) results may be associated with the initial functional state of the joint before arthroplasty or with the subsequent period of rehabilitation.
Bacterial meningitis imaging in children
Authors: Marchenko Natalia V. , Voitenkov Vladislav B. , Skripchenko Natalia V. , Dubitsky Dmitry L. , Bedova Mariia A. , Ovchinnikov Artem S. , Churkina Darya N.
Published: May 2021

In this review, we provide the data on the modern use of different MRI modalities and computer tomography (CT) as diagnostic and prognostic tools for meningitis of various etiology, first of all, bacterial purulent meningitis. Each of these techniques has its own field of application depending on the stage of the disease and the patients condition (necessity of intensive care procedures, ventilation support). The opinions on the diagnostic value of CT and structural MRI data differ and depend on the etiology and phase of the inflammatory process. In the recent years, the techniques of multiparametric MRI are widely implemented in the practice. Beside structural MRI, they include diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS), as well as studies with artificial contrast; there are some reports that these modalities are more effective as a diagnostic tool in meningitis. Thus, the use of multiparametric MRI techniques and CT with contrast is promising and justified for the diagnostics of patients with bacterial purulent meningitis from the viewpoint of enhanced sensitivity.
MSC therapy for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Konoplyannikov Mikhail A. , Knyazev Oleg V. , Baklaushev Vladimir P.
Published: May 2021

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) belongs to the group of diseases characterized by idiopathic inflammation of the digestive tract organs. Two basic IBD types are distinguished: ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease. The IBD symptoms including vomiting and diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, anemia have a significant negative impact on the general patients state of health. Besides, IBD patients are susceptible to the risk of a number of serious diseases such as colorectal cancer, thrombosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. More than 4 million people in the USA and Europe suffer from IBD, with 70000 new cases diagnosed yearly in the USA only.
In some cases, a surgical removal of the damaged digestive tract fragments is required to treat severe IBD forms. However, drug therapy of IBD has mainly been used in the last decades. The rate of remission with application of traditional IBD therapy is estimated as 20-30%, and is still no higher than 50% with the combined therapy. Cell therapy has been proven to be a very promising approach in the IBD treatment. In our review, we discuss mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and the most important preclinical and clinical results of their application for the IBD therapy.
Application of additive 3D printing technologies in neurosurgery, vertebrology and traumatology and orthopedics
Authors: Yarikov Anton V. , Gorbatov Roman O. , Denisov Anton A. , Smirnov Igor I. , Fraerman Alexandr P. , Sosnin Andrey G. , Perlmutter Olga A. , Kalinkin Alexandr A.
Published: May 2021

Additive technologies are now widely used in various fields of clinical medicine. In particular, 3D printing is widely used in neurosurgery, vertebrology and traumatology-orthopedics. The article describes in detail the basic principles of medical 3D printing. The modern classification of 3D printers is presented based on the following principles of printing: FDM, SLA, SLS and others. The main advantages and disadvantages of the above-mentioned 3D printers and the areas of clinical medicine in which they are used are described. Further in the review, the authors discuss the experience with 3D printing applications, based on the data of the modern scientific literature. A special attention is paid to the use of 3D printing in the manufacture of individual implants for cranioplasty. 3D printing technologies in reconstructive neurosurgery make it possible to create high-precision implants, reduce the time of surgical intervention and improve the aesthetic effect of the operation. The article also presents the data of the modern literature on the use of 3D printing in vertebrology, where a special role is given to the use of guides for the installation of transpedicular screws and the use of individual lordosing cages. The use of individual guides, especially for severe spinal deformities, reduces the risk of metal structure malposition and the duration of surgical intervention. This technique is also widely used in traumatology and orthopedics, where individual implants made of titanium, a bone-substituting material, are created using 3D printing, thanks to which it is possible to replace bone defects of any shape, complexity and size and create hybrid exoprostheses. The role of 3D modeling and 3D printing in the training of medical personnel at the present stage is described. In conclusion, the authors present their experience of using 3D modeling and 3D printing in reconstructive neurosurgery and vertebrology.
Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Bychinin Mikhail V. , Mandel’ Irina A. , Klypa Tatiana V. , Kolyshkina Nadezhda A. , Andreichenko Sergei A.
Published: May 2021

Background: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D has not been studied in the Russian Federation for the group of patients with severe and extremely severe COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU). Aims: To study the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients with COVID-19 treated in the ICU and to determine the relationship between the vitamin D status and disease outcome. Methods: The retrospective study included 103 adult patients with severe and extremely severe COVID-19 hospitalized in the ICU. Results: 94% patients (n = 97) showed a significant decrease in the concentration of 25 (OH) D in their blood serum 11 ng/ml [7; 15 ng/ml]. 37% (n = 38) of patients showed vitamin D deficiency, 46% (n = 47) had severe vitamin D deficiency, 12% (n = 12) had vitamin D insufficiency, 5% (n = 6) had normal vitamin D levels. In the group of patients with vitamin D levels less than 10 ng/ml, the mortality rate was significantly higher than that in the group of patients with the levels of vitamin D exceeding 10 ng/ml (66% and 42%, p = 0.018). These two groups of patients also significantly differed in their age (p = 0.018), history of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.059), white blood cell count (p = 0.045), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.017), D-dimer level (p = 0.05) and troponin T level (p = 0.054). Conclusion: A high incidence of vitamin D insufficiency in patients with COVID-19 treated in the ICU has been identified. Severe vitamin D deficiency was more often found in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus, and was associated with the increased mortality. The identified relationship of the vitamin D deficiency with the neutrophilic-lymphocytic index suggests an immuno-mediated effect on the outcome of patients with COVID-19.
Additional diagnostic capabilities in the practice of a PAP-test using liquid-based cytology
Authors: Aksamentov Artem K. , Melnikova Nadezhda V. , Kolyshkina Nadezhda A. , Kucherova Olga N. , Baklaushev Vladimir P.
Published: May 2021

The role of oncogenic strains of human papillomavirus in the development of cervical cancer is currently not in doubt. In cervical cancer screening, a co-testing strategy is used, in which cytology and HPV testing are performed. When performing a cytological examination by liquid-based cytology, it is possible to conduct additional diagnostic studies that can be used to more effectively sort patients in order to optimize the volume of diagnostic and therapeutic measures. The article highlights the possibilities of diagnostic tests based on the assessment of microRNA and mRNA expression, as well as tests based on the analysis of DNA methylation from the cytological material. The introduction of new molecular genetic predictors of the cervical cancer development into clinical practice can increase the effectiveness of currently used screening programs.
MRI diagnostics of functional dyspepsia
Authors: Shklyaev A. E. , Maksimov K. V. , Grigorieva O. A.
Published: May 2021

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Diagnostic significance of magnetic resonance symptoms in the differential diagnosis of the diabetic osteoarthropathy and osteomyelitis complicating the diabetic osteoarthropathy
Authors: Ageev A. N. , Babushkina Y. V. , Burleva E. P.
Published: May 2021

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Prognostic factors of metastasis of skin melanoma to sentinel lymph nodes
Authors: Nikolaeva E. A. , Krylov A. S. , Ryzhkov A. D.
Published: May 2021

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Searching for regulators that interact with BELL1 transcription factor and control the legume-rhizobial symbiosis development
Authors: Dolgikh Alexandra Vyacheslavovna , Dolgikh Elena A.
Published: May 2021

The development of nitrogen-fixing nodule, which is formed during legume-rhizobial symbiosis, requires the involvement of cell cycle regulators, phytohormones and homeodomain-containing transcription factors as well as other organogenesis processes. Along with homedomain-containing transcription factors from KNOX family, which participation in the control of nodule development has been studied recently, the role of transcription factors from BELL family in this process remains under-explored. At the same time, transcriptomic data for legumes shows an increase in the expression levels of genes encoding proteins of this family in the plant roots inoculated by Rhizobium. In this work we performed screening of сDNA library, which was generated from inoculated pea roots, using BELL1 protein in yeast two-hybrid system. As a result, we detected two interacting proteins, which are highly interesting for future examination. In the first case we discovered interaction between BELL1 and LysM-containing receptor-like kinase LYK9. Another identified regulator interacting with BELL1 became the glycine-rich protein A3, which may be involved in the regulation of defense reactions in plants and their resistance to phytopathogens. Transcriptomic analysis for pea roots has revealed high expression level of gene, which encodes this protein in the nodules, that may demonstrate its important role in symbiosis regulation.
Yabani Zehirli Mantar Entoloma sinuatum (Bull.) P. Kumm 'un (Boletales) Biyolojik Aktiviteleri
Authors: BAL Celal , BABA Hayri , AKATA İlgaz , SEVİNDİK Mustafa , SELAMOĞLU Zeliha , AKGÜL Hasan
Published: May 2021

Son yıllarda yapılan birçok çalışmada mantarlarda bulunan faydalı doğal bileşenlerin çeşitli hastalıkları iyileştirmede ve hastalık etkenini ortadan kaldırmada çok önemli olduğu bulunmuştur. Farklı ülkelerde yayılış gösteren mantarların biyolojik aktivitelerinin olduğu bildirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de Entoloma sinuatum (Bull.) P. Kumm’un antioksidan seviyesi, oksidan seviyesi ve antimikrobiyal aktivitesi belirlendi. Mantarın etanol özütü soxhlet cihazında çıkarıldı. Antioksidan ve oksidan seviyeleri Rel Assay TAS ve TOS kitleri kullanılarak belirlendi. Ayrıca antibakteriyel ve antifungal aktivite agar dilüsyon metodu kullanılarak bakteri ve fungus suşlarına karşı test edildi. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda mantarın TAS değeri 2.64±0.15, TOS değeri 6.58±0.23 ve OSI (Oksidatif stres indeksi) değeri 0.25±0.02 olarak belirlendi. Ayrıca mantarın etanol özütünün bakterilere karşı 200 ve 400 μg/mL, funguslara karşı 50 μg/mL konsantrasyonlarda etkili olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç olarak E. sinuatum'un doğal antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal ajan olduğu belirlendi.
The Form of Tolerance Value in the Novel Bulan Terbelah di Langit Amerika by Hanum Salsabiela Rais and Rangga Almahendra
Authors: Riza Mochamad Choirur , Teguh Widodo Sahid , Anindyarini Atikah
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to describe the form of tolerance values in the novel Bulan Terbelah di Langit Amerika by Hanum Salsabiela Rais and Rangga Almahendra. The research method which was used is descriptive qualitative. The data collection used reading and note-taking techniques. The data in this study was a novel entitled Bulan Terbelah di Langit Amerika. The data source in this study were quotes which were contained in the novel. The analysis technique which was used is the content analysis technique. The theory used is the theory of tolerance values found in each text by paying attention to the elements of tolerance values. The results of this study indicated that there was a tolerance value that included in four elements. The first element was to give freedom or independence. The second element was recognizing the rights of each individual, then the third element was respecting the beliefs of others, and the fourth element is mutual understanding. One aspect of character education was a tolerance. For this reason, the results of this study could be used as material for character education. That was because the research results of the novel entitled the Bulan Terbelah di Langit Amerika were in accordance with the four elements of tolerance values.
Due to the Legal Uncertainty of Notary in the Making of a Copy of Assets That Don’t Comply with the Minute of Assets
Authors: Lestari Lulus Indah
Published: May 2021

The type of research used in this research is normative legal research. The position of the copy notary deed, which originally could be used as perfect evidence, becomes imperfect because the copy of the deed doesn’t sound the same as the original deed, so that the copy of the deed doesn’t meet the formal and material requirements of the deed making procedure. This can result in the copy of the deed being declared null and void. The legal implication of an agreement where a copy of the notary deed doesn’t sound the same as the minimum deed, namely: the agreement can also be declared null and void as long as there is an agreement from the parties to cancel it because it results in losses for the parties and contains elements of error and fraud.
Effectiveness and safety evaluation of thrice weekly double strength vs daily single strength trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for prophylaxis of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia after kidney transplantation: a two year prospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Hui , Pang Lizhen , Hu Xiaopeng , Wang Wei , Xu Bifang , Zhang Xiaodong , Liu Lihong
Published: May 2021

Purpose: It is hard for clinicians to choose the best regimen for pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis. The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of thrice weekly double strength (TWDS) vs daily single strength (DSS) trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for prophylaxis of PJP after kidney transplantation. Methods: Adult renal transplant recipients (RTRs) who were transplanted between January 1, 2015 and July 1, 2018 were evaluated. A total of 189 RTRs were prescribed PJP prophylactic regimen during the study period (TWDS group: n=98; DSS group: n=91). Results: Morbidity due to PJP infection was significantly higher in TWDS group as compared with DSS group (8.60% vs 1.14%, p= 0.021). There was a significant trend toward higher prevalence of confirmed PJP (log‐rank=0.021) in TWDS group. The use of DDS TMP-SMX for prophylaxis after kidney transplantation was associated with a 79% reduction in the incidence of PJP comparing the prophylactic regimen of TWDS. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the overall rate of premature TMP-SMX discontinuation and laboratory indexes. Conclusion: Six months of DSS TMP-SMX prophylaxis was more effective than TWDS TMP-SMX regimen with the same safety profile.
Development of predictive mathematical models of the quality of radio electronic equipment based on the results of autonomous tests
Authors: Bykov Alexey P. , Piganov Mikhail N.
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the methodology for developing a predictive model (forecasting operator) of the quality of onboard equipment using the extrapolation method. It is shown that the most efficient information about the quality and reliability of the equipment can be obtained from the results of autonomous tests. The choice of the test object was made. A microprocessor temperature controller was chosen as the object of autonomous tests. The transition resistance between the electrical circuits of the microprocessor temperature controller was chosen as a predicted parameter. The results of the training experiment are presented. To construct the forecasting operator, quasi-deterministic models of linear, logarithmic, exponential, and parabolic forms are used. When developing the models, the normalization of predicted parameter by mathematical expectation was used. The choice of predictive models was based on the criteria of minimum average variance, calculated at the test time points, and the minimum values of the probability of erroneous decisions and consumer risk. The research of the developed operator was carried out, probabilistic characteristics of its efficiency are obtained.
Influence of detuning and Kerr nonlinearity on atom-atom entanglement in the double two-photon Jaynes–Cummings model
Authors: Zakharov Rodion K. , Bashkirov Evgeny K.
Published: May 2021

In this work, the authors investigated the dynamics of entanglement of two identical two-level atoms (qubits) in the framework of the two-photon double Jaynes–Cummings model, taking into account the detuning between atoms and the double frequency of the field modes of the resonators, as well as the Kerr medium in both resonators. The authors derived the time dependence of the negativity parameter for the Bell initial states of the atoms and the vacuum states of the resonator fields. The results showed that detuning and Kerr nonlinearity leads to stabilization of the entanglement for all initial Bell-type atomic states. For some initial atomic entanglement states, the detuning and Kerr environment in the resonators can prevent the effect of sudden death of the atom-atom entanglement.
THE PROBLEM OF HALITOSIS IN PERIODONTAL COMPLEX DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT. LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Ssablina Svetlana , Elovicova Tat'yana , Griroriev Sergey , Yepishova Anna , Bushueva Elizaveta , Andreeva Anna , Shimova Margarita , Sorokoumova Dina , Chagay Andrey
Published: May 2021

Subject. Oral malodour (halitosis) in patients with periodontal disease.

Objectives. To study and review the literature on local (dental) and general (internal diseases) factors causing halitosis in patients with periodontal disease.

Conclusion. The present literature review provides a sufficient basis to state that the problem of halitosis is relevant; there is presented the overview of developed classifications and identified combinations of main causes of halitosis linking the extent of ozostomia to oral hygiene status and gingival hemorrhage. By modern molecular genetic technologies (polymerase chain reaction and 16S ribosomal RNA gene chipping), advances have been made in understanding the main role of uncultivated anaerobic oral pathogens associated with halitosis. The materials of this literature review help to get the complex idea of the problem of halitosis in patients with inflammatory periodontal disease and can be used by dental clinicians in health care practice.
ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS AFTER DENTAL INTERVENTIONS
Authors: Balin Kirill , Borisova Eleonora , Fedichkina Marina
Published: May 2021

Subject. Today, the condition of patients with dental diseases is directly related to the quality of life. The massive need for dental rehabilitation of patients, restoration of chewing function, aesthetic function and normalization of speech requires a full and high-quality treatment result. According to the definition of the World Health Organization, the quality of life is “an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns” [25, 39]. There are two sides of the "quality of life" — internal, which depends on the very personality of a person, and external, due to the degree of development of society and the state. Therefore, the study of the quality of life is not only a reliable and effective way of assessing the general well-being of a person, but also a highly informative, sensitive and economically justified method of assessing the health of both the population as a whole and individual social groups generally accepted in international practice. The techniques described in this review allow one to quantify the multicomponent characteristics of a person's vital activity — his physical, psychological and social functioning. Aim. Analysis of the degree of elaboration of the topic “studying the quality of life”.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted based on the search and study of original articles on aspects of the quality of life of patients after dental interventions. In the course of studying the literature in the eLibrary, Pubmed, Google Schoolar databases, 39 sources were included in the study.

Conclusions. As a result of the work carried out, it can be concluded that the dynamic assessment of the quality of life of patients in the process of dental treatment is a rather promising direction. Subjective assessment of the quality of life by the patient himself is one of the most important criteria for quality treatment.
SOME FEATURES OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF TYPICAL AND COMPLICATED FORMS OF LICHEN PLANUS ON THE ORAL MUCOSA ACCORDING TO OBSERVATION DATA
Authors: Guryevskaya Olga , Livzan Mariya , Usmanova Irina , Hismatullina Zarema , Chepukova Olga , Granot Yigal , Tiunova Natalya , Berezin konstantin
Published: May 2021

Relevance. Lichen planus is a chronic disease affecting the skin and oral mucosa. There is no exact data on the prevalence of lichen planus, which is due to the late appeal of patients not only to dentists, but also to dermatologists. The aim of this study was to learn some of the features of the clinical manifestations of typical, exudative-hyperemic, erosive-ulcerative and bullous forms of lichen planus on the oral mucosa. Material and methods. In the present study, on the basis of screening examination of patients who applied for dental care in dental clinics and living in the cities of Ufa, Omsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Nahariya, Kazan, we studied some of the clinical features of various forms of lichen planus of the oral mucosa, and the peculiarities of their course. In the course of a comprehensive dental examination, all examined persons were divided into four study groups: 1 clinical group (39.5%) — patients with a typical form, 2 clinical group (25.6%) — patients with exudative-hyperemic form, 3 clinical group (6.9%) — patients with a bullous form, 4 clinical group (27.9%) — with an erosive and ulcerative form of lichen planus. Results. In the course of a comprehensive dental examination, in 39.5% of cases, a typical form of lichen planus was revealed, in 61.3% of cases it was bullous, exudative-hyperemic and erosive-ulcerative forms, with their prevalence in 70.9% of cases in females. The average age of patients diagnosed with a typical form of lichen planus was on average 42.5±3.5 years, exudative-hyperemic form — 48.2±3.8 years, bullous — 49.8±3.6, erosive ulcerative form — 50.6±3.2 years. The duration of development of all studied forms of lichen planus was on average from 4 months to 5 years (the development of the typical form was 1.4±0.4 years, exudative-hyperemic — 2.1±0.8 years, bullous form — 3.9±1.2, and the erosive and ulcerative form — 4.3±1.2 years.
Editorial — Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy: The Dark Side of the Moon
Authors: Yazdani Shahin
Published: May 2021

This is an Editorial and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Long-term Outcomes of Collagen Crosslinking for Early Keratoconus
Authors: Derakhshan Akbar , Heravian Javad , Abdolahian Milad , Bamdad Shahram
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of collagen crosslinking in early keratoconus.
Methods: Thirty eyes of twenty patients with early keratoconus were enrolled. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), objective refraction, subjective refraction, corneal topography and pachymetry were assessed before and 3, 6, 12 months and 9 years after performing collagen crosslinking surgery.
Results: The patients’ mean age was 31.2 ± 5.59 years at nine-year follow-up (range, 25–44 years). The means of preoperative UCVA and BSCVA were 0.57 ± 0.34 and 0.15 ± 0.12 logMAR, respectively, and these values remained stable at the final follow-up (P = 0.990 and P = 0.227, respectively). The mean objective spherical equivalent decreased considerably from –6.00 ± 4.05 D preoperatively to –5.22 ± 3.71 D at the final follow-up (P < 0.05). The mean subjective spherical equivalent was –4.25 ± 2.87 D preoperatively and this value was stable at the last follow-up (P = 0.92). No considerable difference was found between the post- and preoperative mean objective cylinder values (P = 0.34). The mean subjective cylinder value changed significantly from –4.05 ± 1.85 D preoperatively to –3.1 ± 1.42 D at the final follow-up (P < 0.05). The mean central corneal thickness was 496.97 ± 45.95 μm preoperatively and this value was stable at nine-year follow-up (P = 0.183). No significant difference was found between the pre- and postoperative mean maximum and mean minimum corneal curvature values (P = 0.429 and P = 0.248, respectively). There were no significant postoperative complications.
Conclusion: Corneal crosslinking in early keratoconus seems to be a safe procedure that can effectively stabilize UCVA, BSCVA, subjective SE and CCT, while improving objective spherical equivalent.
The Role of Trace Elements in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Reza Talebnejad Mohammad , Azimi Ali , Reza Khalili Mohammad , Meshksar Aidin
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) is an age-related condition, characterized by deposition of whitish flake-shaped materials in the anterior segment of the eye. Although it occurs all over the world, a considerable racial variation exists. According to the high frequency of PXF in Iran and the importance of prevention and early treatment, we evaluated the plasma level of iron, zinc, copper, and magnesium in patients with PXF.
Methods: In this study, 83 individuals were enrolled; 40 patients with cataract and PXF as the case group and 43 age- and sex-matched individuals with cataract but without PXF as the control group. The serum levels of the mentioned microelements were compared in two groups.
Results: In the case group, 25 (62.5%) male and 15 (37.5%) female subjects participated. In the control group, the corresponding figures were 22 (51.2%) and 21 (48.8%), respectively. The mean age of the case group was 66.07 ± 9.46 and that for the control group was 66.88 ± 8.04 years. Regarding the case group, the serum levels of iron, zinc, copper, and magnesium were 60.58 ± 21.04, 84.7 ± 14.37, 120.23 ± 14.43, and 2.11 ± 0.23, respectively. These serum levels in the control group were 89.07 ± 26.06, 97.51 ± 17.42, 123.33 ± 19.01, and 2.14 ± 0.16. The serum levels of iron and zinc were significantly lower in the case group than the control group (P < 0.0001); however, such a difference was not observed in terms of copper and magnesium serum levels.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the serum iron and zinc levels were lower in PXF patients. Nutritional deficiency may be a cause of zonular weakness in these patients. Heme is a cofactor for the enzyme which contributes to the biosynthesis of fibrillin, the major protein in zonular fibers. Therefore, iron can play a substantial role in the biosynthesis of the fibrils and also in the zonular stability.
Translaminar Pressure Difference and Ocular Perfusion Pressure in Glaucomatous Eyes with Different Optic Disc Sizes
Authors: F. S. Cruz Natasha , S. Santos Katia , L. Matuoka Mateus , Kasahara Niro
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Intracranial pressure (ICP) and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) are both involved with the pathogenesis of glaucoma. The orbital ICP determines a retrolaminar counter pressure that is antagonistic to the intraocular pressure (IOP). The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the translaminar pressure difference (TLPD) and the OPP varies in glaucoma patients with different optic disc sizes.
Methods: In this university hospital-based, observational, cross-sectional clinical study, all patients underwent an ophthalmic evaluation. Blood pressure, height, weight, and the results of retinal nerve fiber layer examination with optical coherence tomography examination were recorded. TLPD and OPP were calculated for each patient using proxy algorithms to attain indirect surrogate parameter values. Patients’ eyes were stratified into three quantiles according to optic disc sizes and the differences compared. Data from both eyes were used after using the appropriate correction for inter-eye dependency.
Results: The sample consisted of 140 eyes of 73 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and suspects. Patients with large disc size presented with higher TLPD as compared to those with average and small-sized discs (2.4 ± 4.5, 2.8 ± 3.8, and 3.7 ± 4.7 mmHg for first, second, and third tertile, respectively (P < 0.000). OPP did not vary according to the optic disc size.
Conclusion: Glaucoma patients with larger optic discs have higher TLPD. The pathological significance of this finding warrants further investigation.
Correlation between ELF–PEMF exposure and Human RPE Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis and Gene Expression
Authors: Oladnabi Morteza , Amir Mishan Mohammad , Rezaeikanavi Mozhgan , Zargari Mehryar , Najjar Sadeghi Rouhallah , Bagheri Abouzar
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Emerging evidence implies that electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can negatively affect angiogenesis. In this regard, the effects of extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF–PEMF) exposure on the relative expression level of angiogenic factors involved in the pathogenesis of ocular disorders were evaluated in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells in order to investigate a noninvasive therapeutic method for patients with several ocular diseases associated with neovascularization.
Methods: After separating hRPE cells from globes, hRPE cells were exposed to 15 mT of ELF–PEMF (120 Hz) at 5, 10, and 15 min for seven days. Cell proliferation and apoptosis of treated cells were evaluated via ELISA assay. Moreover, relative expression changes of HIF-1α, CTGF, VEGFA, MMP-2, cathepsin D, and E2F3 were performed using real-time RT-PCR.
Results: ELF–PEMF exposure had no significant effects on the apoptosis and proliferation rate of hRPE cells. Expression level of HIF-1α, CTGF, VEGFA, MMP- 2, cathepsin D, and E2F3 was downregulated following 5 min of ELF–PEMF exposure.
Conclusion: As ELF–PEMF showed inhibitory effects on the expression of angiogenic genes in hRPE cells with no cytotoxic or proliferative side effects, it can be introduced as a useful procedure for managing angiogenesis induced by retinal pathogenesis, although more studies with adequate follow-up in animal models are needed.
Comparing Two Inferior Oblique Weakening Procedures: Disinsertion versus Myectomy
Authors: Abri Aghdam Kaveh , Asadi Reza , Soltan Sanjari Mostafa , Sadeghi Ali , Razavi Meshkat
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To compare two methods for treating inferior oblique overaction (IOOA): disinsertion versus myectomy of the muscle.
Methods: In this prospective interventional case series, patients were randomly assigned to undergo either IO myectomy or disinsertion. The changes in vertical and horizontal deviations following these two surgical procedures were evaluated. The postoperative IO function of grade 0 or +1 and the fundus extorsion of grade 0 or +1 was considered as the successful outcome.
Results: Thirty-six patients (50 eyes) with a mean age of 12.67 ± 4.05 years were included. In the myectomy group, the mean preoperative hyperdeviation in adduction was 29.5 ± 9.32 prism diopter (PD), which decreased to 9.15 ± 7.86 PD after surgery (P = 0.001). In the disinsertion group, these measurements were 32.73 ± 12.42 and 12.65 ± 9.34 PD before and after the surgery, respectively (P = 0.001). The success rate of surgery based on the IOOA grading was 87.4% and 92.3% in the myectomy and disinsertion groups, respectively (P = 0.780). The successful correction rate of abnormal fundus torsion was 91.6% in the myectomy and 88.4% in the disinsertion group (P = 0.821). In comparison, 48% of the cases in the myectomy group and 50% in the disinsertion group were within the normal range of torsional position postoperatively (P = 0.786). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of changes in the horizontal or vertical deviations, V-pattern, and dissociated vertical deviation between the two groups.
Conclusion: Both surgical techniques seem to be effective for treatment of inferior oblique muscle overaction.
Alcohol and the Eye
Authors: Karimi Saeed , Arabi Amir , Shahraki Toktam
Published: May 2021

In this article, we present a review of ocular conditions related to alcohol consumption. A search of the literature published from 1952 to March 2020 was performed. The titles and abstracts were screened and the eligible studies were selected. PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge database, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. We categorized the relationship between alcohol intake and ocular conditions by the type of ocular exposure to alcohol. Accordingly, ocular findings following acute alcohol intoxication, optic neuropathy following methanol toxicity, congenital conditions related to maternal alcohol consumption, and ocular disease related to chronic alcoholism are discussed. The main feature of alcohol intoxication in the eye is abnormal eye movement. Acute optic neuropathy secondary to methyl alcohol consumption is a serious ocular disease with permanent vision loss or scotoma. Prenatal exposure to ethanol may end in fetal alcohol spectrum disease, where ocular findings are a constant component. The association between chronic alcohol consumption and increased risks of cataract, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, different types of optic neuropathy, impairment of visual quality, retinal vascular disease, and ocular surface disease has also been reported. Along with detrimental medical and social effects, the role of alcohol consumption in different ocular conditions should be considered, as alcohol-induced visual disturbances may contribute to the heavy burden of alcohol abuse on the healthcare system and overall quality of life.
From the Hypotheses to Clinical Evidence in Retinal Therapy
Authors: Beatson Bradley , Fernando Arevalo J.
Published: May 2021

The off-label, therapeutic use of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in vascular retinal diseases such as diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) has increased significantly due to its ability to reduce retinal neovascularization and slow progression of disease. Here, we will review the literature and investigative developments on the use of IVB as a preoperative adjuvant to vitrectomy in severe PDR, specifically focusing on its ability to reduce intra- and postoperative complications and its risk for progression or development of traction retinal detachment. In particular, this review will highlight the natural progression of evidence from case series and observations to prospective, randomized clinical trials.
When HIV Immunodeficiency and Heterochromia Confuse the Issue: Recurrent Zoster Uveitis Mistaken for Fuchs’ Uveitis
Authors: Papasavvas Ioannis , Jeannin Bruno , Pierre Herbort Carle
Published: May 2021

Purpose: We report a case with iris heterochromia misdiagnosed as Fuchs’ uveitis which finally turned out to be a unilateral zoster uveitis in an HIV-positive patient.
Case Report: A 45-year old patient was seen for a recurrent right anterior uveitis treated with prednisolone 1% drops BID. The iris of the right eye was hypochromic and atrophic and several small granulomatous keratic precipitates (KPs) were present. After discontinuation of corticosteroid drops, severe uveitis developed with mutton-fat KPs, and laser flare photometry (LFP) increased from 20 to 50.3 ph/ms. He had presented with right zoster ophthalmicus two years earlier and HIV-serology revealed to be positive.
Conclusion: Iris heterochromia is not a good disease-defining criterion for Fuch’s uveitis even when typical KPs are present and can lead to misdiagnosis. More reliable criteria including stellate KPs, low LFP values, absence of synechiae, vitreitis, and disc hyperfluorescence, all absent in this case, should be sought to confirm or exclude the diagnosis.
Silicone Oil Opacification after Prolonged Intraocular Retention
Authors: Chandra Parijat , Kumar Vinod , Takkar Brijesh , Kumawat Devesh
Published: May 2021

This is a Photo Essay and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Cavernous Hemangioma of the Conjunctiva
Authors: Deokinandan Nayak Shinkre Noopur , P.S. Usgaonkar Ugam
Published: May 2021

This is a Photo Essay and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Retinal Vein Passing through a Congenital Optic Nerve Pit
Authors: Kiziltoprak Hasan , Tekin Kemal , Dilli Alper , Yasin Teke Mehmet
Published: May 2021

This is a Photo Essay and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Educação de jovens e adultos e o planejamento de carreira no CESEC Divinópolis MG
Authors: Farinha Corina Alves , Souza Tânia Nogueira Fonseca
Published: May 2021

Trata-se do resultado de um Projeto de Extensão, tutelado pela Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais – UEMG,  Divinópolis - MG, Edital PROINPE 1/2019, realizado no Centro Estadual de Educação Continuada - CESEC Dr. Fábio Botelho Notini, Divinópolis – MG. Objetivou-se sensibilizar um grupo de jovens e adultos para a importância de estruturar um projeto de vida profissional, elaborando plano de carreira. Aplicou-se um questionário para conhecer o público alvo. Os dados de 69 estudantes de EJA indicam: 54% adultos, de 25 a 60 anos; 46% jovens, 15 a 24 anos; 51% gênero feminino, 51% brancos, 54% não trabalham; 37% não concluíram os estudos no tempo estabelecido pelo MEC em virtude da atividade laboral e família, e 35% por desinteresse; 41% escolheu a formação ágil do CESEC, 58% retomaram os estudos para capacitar-se; e após o CESEC 51% desejam graduar-se. Considera-se impacto na sociedade a possibilidade de contribuir para a reflexão e construção do plano de carreira de sujeitos cuja trajetória de vida pessoal e profissional abarca saberes diversos. Os estudantes do CESEC explicitaram a importância da atividade para constituir o futuro profissional; diretor, docentes e funcionários consideraram importante a atuação da Universidade pública no ambiente escolar do CESEC levando os estudantes de EJA a refletir sobre estudo, trabalho e profissão. Os graduandos relataram a relevância de conhecer e analisar a trajetória de vida pessoal e profissional de sujeitos que se esforçam para retomar os estudos, o entusiasmo e a valorização da educação para conquistar um emprego e exercer a cidadania.
Do processo de formação da legislação cooperativa brasileira à atualidade das cooperativas agrícolas e de consumo: a nova estrutura do cooperativismo brasileiro
Authors: Corrêa Lima de Miranda Victória , De Miranda José Eduardo
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho aborda o processo histórico de formação da legislação cooperativa brasileira, perpassando pela expressão do Cooperativismo no plano da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, de 1988. Assim mesmo, e tendo em vista sua importância para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico da sociedade brasileira, retrata as principais características dos ramos agropecuário e de consumo. Finalmente, e levando em consideração a atuação da Organização das Cooperativas Brasileiras, apresenta a atual estruturação dos ramos cooperativos.

Recibido: 08 febrero 2021Aceptado: 10 marzo 2021
Incidência de normas concorrenciais em cooperativas: a intervenção estatal sobre Cooperativas no Brasil
Authors: Borges Alves Giselle
Published: May 2021

As atividades econômicas desenvolvidas pelas cooperativas brasileiras durante décadas têm despertado a atuação do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE), tendo em vista que a garantia constitucional de não intervenção estatal (art. 5.º, XVIII) não pressupõe imunidade à aplicação da legislação antitruste. Diante deste enfoque, a pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar algumas das decisões do CADE sobre as sociedades cooperativas, bem como estabelecer a necessidade de reflexão sobre as características e peculiaridades distintivas das sociedades cooperativas que justificam a coordenação de agentes no mercado.

Recibido: 09 noviembre 2020Aceptado: 14 enero 2021
ECOEPIDEMIOLOGIA E NOVOS PRINCÍPIOS GERAIS DA BIOSSEGURANÇA
Authors: Reis Émilien Vilas Boas , Torquato de Oliveira Naves Bruno
Published: May 2021

A pandemia da COVID-19 reposicionou, no foco da epidemiologia, a zoonose e as questões ambientais que favorecem o aparecimento e contágio de doenças infecciosas. Assim, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, com método teórico-qualitativo, procurou-se analisar a influência de aspectos ambientais na patogênese de algumas doenças infecciosas, em especial da COVID-19, e qual resposta pode ser formulada caso a incidência desses fatores ambientais se verifique. Concluiu-se que o fator ambiental e o comportamento humano têm sido essenciais no aparecimento de várias doenças infecciosas. Assim, somente o pensamento complexo pode conduzir a epidemiologia à compreensão das causas, às medidas para mitigar a propagação e ao tratamento. Por isso, se trouxe as abordagens da ecoepidemiologia e da bioética, que pensam os problemas de maneira abrangente, integrando novas áreas do saber. Por fim, propôs-se novos princípios gerais da biossegurança para lidar com doenças zoonóticas.
A puzzle based open ended approach in an architectural design studio: A critique
Authors: Ramaraj Arulmalar , Selvaraj Catherine
Published: May 2021

Wang (2010) posited that with respect to design pedagogy in general, there is a need for radical changes to occur in design studios. Focusing on architectural design education, studies reveal that subjective knowledge and irrational creativity are dominating in architectural design studios. This is observed to be one amongst the various other outcomes as teaching methodologies without a holistic knowledge are adopted (Salama, 2016). Critical, creative and pragmatic thinking are the primary criteria in architectural design studios (Ibrahim and Utaberta, 2011). Crowther (2013) reported that design studios must facilitate learning about design, learning to design and learning to become an architect. In addition to traditional one to one studio, introduction of different models with alternate instructors through single, double and collaborative critiques at the desk, outside of studio paves new directions to pedagogy (Gamble, Dagenhar & Jarrett, 2002). Amongst the various directives like transformative design pedagogy (Hadjiyanni, 2008; Fay and Kim, 2017); signature pedagogy (Schulman, 2005; Crowther, 2013); constructivist approach (Kurt, 2011); puzzle based learning (Akin, 2008; Vijayalxmi, 2009; Ramaraj and Nagammal, 2016) which revolve around architectural education, this paper investigates an ‘open ended puzzle based approach’ adopted in an architectural design studio.
Critical design method as an approach to improve design thinking among Pearl Academy students
Authors: Sugathan Manju
Published: May 2021

Over the course of time the designers have mastered the skill that can be applied to resolve a wide range of problems through analysis of a hypothesis using different research methods strategically and iteratively. The task ahead for the new generation designers is to develop designs that are preferable for a broader diverse population who needs personal understanding of their requirements. Critical design thinking could be applied as an approach to favour the designers to focus on future requirements of people and see beyond their ideological constrains in design.

Critical design favours the development of critical thinking that supports the personal understanding of a design idea or proposal through expanding the meaning of design thinking. It can be adapted as a method challenging and improving the field of design, in order to achieve best teaching and learning in universities and design colleges. The purpose of the study is to test: by employing critical design method in design education to help the students learn, analyse and evaluate ideas and concepts in a critical manner. Also, it examines critical design as a method for questioning and improving design thinking among students that synergises perfectly with future design thinkers as well as their potential audience.

A critical design workshop is conducted in Pearl Academy, Mumbai by the author to test and develop this way of thinking among design students. The workshop results are analysed under Bloom’s taxonomy, which is a set of three hierarchical models used to classify educational learning objectives under analysis, synthesis and evaluation (Torkildsby, 2018). An advantage of critical design, is that the method allows students to temporarily move away from problem solving, focusing on asking questions instead of providing answers – finding problems rather than solving them (Dunne & Raby, 2013, p.7).