bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations among Beliefs Supporting Patriarchal Principles, Conflict Avoidance, and Economic Violence in Intimate Partner Relationships of Ultraorthodox Jews
Authors: Berkowitz Ruth , Mehlhausen-Hassoen David , Winstok Zeev
Published: September 2024

Beliefs that maintain patriarchal principles may affect individuals’ willingness to avoid conflicts in their intimate partner relationships and eventually are likely to affect chances of intimate partner economic violence. Nonetheless, research has yet to fully explore these associations. This study used a sample of 321 adults in the ultra-Orthodox Jewish community—a patriarchal and traditional culture—to examine associations in beliefs supporting patriarchal principles at the micro (gendered domestic roles), meso, and macro ( institutional power of men and inherent inferiority of women) levels; conflict avoidance and economic violence; and sex differences in these factors. Descriptive statistics were used to explore gender differences in research variables, and path analysis examined the correlations between research variables for men and women. Beliefs in patriarchal ideologies were moderate at all levels, although slightly higher among men. Men tended to avoid conflict with their intimate partner significantly more than women did. Beliefs in support of patriarchal ideologies predicted conflict avoidance, especially among women. Finally, in opposition to prior research findings, this study revealed nonsignificant sex differences in the prevalence of economic violence victimization. These findings, however, do not suggest that economic violence victimization is not rooted in sex issues. We discuss the findings and the meanings assigned to conflict avoidance by men and women while considering gender disparities of power and control. We suggest that the contribution of men’s tendency to avoid conflict likely moderated their chances to perpetrate economic violence.
Association of Loneliness with Functional and Cognitive Status in Minor and Major Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Moretti Maria Claudia , Bonfitto Iris , Nieddu Luciano , Leccisotti Ivana , Dimalta Savino , Moniello Giovanni , Lozupone Madia , Bellomo Antonello , Panza Francesco , Avolio Carlo , Altamura Mario
Published: September 2024

Background: Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) have a variable decline in cognitive function, while loneliness was associated with cognitive impairment and increased dementia risk. In the present study, we examined the associations of loneliness with functional and cognitive status in patients with minor (mild cognitive impairment) and major NCDs (dementia). Methods: We diagnosed mild NCD (n=42) and major NCD (n=164) through DSM-5 criteria on 206 participants aged>65 years using the UCLA 3-Item Loneliness Scale (UCLA-3) to evaluate loneliness, the activities of daily living (ADL) and the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scales to measure functional status, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess cognitive functions. Results: In a multivariate regression model, the effect of loneliness on cognitive functions was negative in major (=-1.05-p<.0001) and minor NCD (=-0.06-p<.01). In the fully-adjusted multivariate regression model (sex-age-education-multimorbidity-depressive symptoms-antidementia drug treatment), the effect of loneliness remained negative for major NCD and became positive for minor NCD (=0.09-p<.001). The effect of loneliness on IADL (=-0.26-p<.0001) and ADL (=-0.24-p<.001) showed a negative effect for major NCD across the different models, while for minor NCD, the effect was positive (IADL:=0.26-p<.0001-ADL:=0.05-p=0.01). Minor NCD displayed different levels of MMSE (=6.68-p<.001), but not ADL or IADL, compared to major NCD for the same levels of loneliness. MANOVA pill’s test suggested a statistically significant and different interactive effect of loneliness on functional and cognitive variables between minor and major NCDs. Conclusions: We confirmed the relationships between loneliness and cognitive and functional status in major NCD, observing a novel trend in minor NCD.
Reaction Molecular Dynamics Study of Combustion Mechanism in Heavy Oil Thermal Recovery
Authors: Yang Tianfang , Cheng Linsong , Liu Zilong , Sun Zhigang , Zhou Ronghao , Wang Huan , Luo Hongbing
Published: September 2024

The organic material present at the same depth in the reservoir has the potential for conversion, as indicated by analyses conducted before and after combustion in the development of heavy oil. This paper examines the oxidation and pyrolysis reaction pathways of hydrocarbons, specifically benzaldehyde (C7H6O) and naphthalene (C10H8), before and after combustion using molecular dynamics simulations. The primary products formed under various temperature conditions include H2O, HO2, CO, and CO2. The discussion includes the number of molecules, such as HO and H, as well as their temperature variations. The activating group functions as an electron donor, while the inactivating group serves as an electron acceptor. The oxidation and pyrolysis reactions of naphthalene and the synthesis pathway of benzaldehyde are also explored. The C-C dissociation pathway in the early stages of combustion and the process of C-C bond synthesis in the later stages of the reactions are investigated through dynamic simulations at different temperatures: 3000 K, 3500 K, and 4000 K, with a particular focus on the reaction network at 4000 K. The application of the molecular reaction dynamics method to heavy oil combustion research is the primary objective of this work. This study aims to provide a novel approach to investigating hydrocarbon conversion at high temperatures and offers recommendations for enhanced oil recovery.
Dominant Tree Species and Litter Quality Govern Fungal Community Dynamics during Litter Decomposition
Authors: Meng Wen-jing , Chang Lin , Qu Zhao-lei , Liu Bing , Liu Kang , Zhang Yue-mei , Huang Lin , Sun Hui
Published: September 2024

Litter decomposition is a crucial biochemical process regulated by microbial activities in forest ecosystem. However, the dynamic response of fungal community during litter decomposition to vegetation changes is not well understood. Here, we investigated the litter decomposition rate, extracellular enzyme activities, fungal community, and nutrient cycling-related genes in leaf and twig litters over a three-year decomposition period in a pure Liquidamabar formosana forest and a mixed L. formosana / Pinus thunbergii forest. The result showed that during the three-year decomposition, twig litter decomposed faster in the mixed forest than that in the pure forest. In both leaf litter and twig litter, β-cellobiosidase, N-acetyl-glucosamidase exhibited higher activities in the mixed forest, whereas phosphatase, β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase were higher in the pure forest. The fungal α-diversity were higher in both litters in the pure forest compared to mixed forest, with leaf litter showing higher α-diversity than twig litter. Fungal species richness and α-diversity within leaf litter increased as decomposition progressed. Within leaf litter, Basidiomycota dominated in the mixed forest while Ascomycota dominated in the pure forest. Funguild analysis revealed that symbiotroph and ectomycorrhizal fungi were more abundant in the mixed forest compared to the pure forest. In the third-year decomposition, genes related to phosphorus cycling was most abundant in both forests, with the pure forest having a higher abundance of cex and gcd genes. Fungal community structure, predicted functional structure, and gene composition differed between the two forest types and between the two litter types. Notably, the fungal functional community structure during the first-year decomposition was distinct from that in the subsequent two-year. These findings suggest that both dominant tree species, litter quality and decomposition time significantly influence the litter decomposition by recruiting different fungal community, thereby affecting the entire decomposition process.
Small Intestinal Fistula Secondary to Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid Ingestion: A Case Report
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxi , Chen Yunchao , Ou Zejin , Zhang Ruichang , Wang Zhi
Published: September 2024

Ingestion of corrosive agents is a well-known cause of extensive and severe gastrointestinal tract injury. Acids can result in significant acute complications throughout the gastrointestinal system. Herein, we present a case of total gastrointestinal necrosis after a patient ingested a large amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Of note, the patient developed an intestinal fistula six days following ingestion, requiring surgical intervention. This case underscores the potential for delayed gastrointestinal necrosis with high-volume and concentrated hydrochloric acid ingestion. Early CT evaluationto and multi-organ protectionis are crucial for such patients. For patients with no signs of perforation, multidisciplinary physicians should comprehensively evaluate the necessity of surgical exploration. In such cases, comprehensive treatment strategies can significantly improve outcomes. The purpose of this case report is to highlight the complexities and challenges in managing severe hydrochloric acid ingestion, to discuss the multidisciplinary approach required for such cases, and to contribute to the existing literature by providing detailed insights into the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of a rare and severe instance of concentrated HCl ingestion.
Pedagogical Translanguaging in L2 Teaching for Adult Migrants: Assessing Feasibility and Emotional Impact
Authors: Franck Julie , Papadopoulou Despina
Published: September 2024

Pedagogical translanguaging (PTL) refers to the use of educational techniques which incorporate learners’ entire linguistic repertoire. Recent studies indicate that PTL is efficient in the teaching of morphological awareness to bilingual children. The question remains whether it can successfully be applied in the highly specific context of adult forced migrants' classrooms. This study describes a new protocol developed within the framework of PTL to teach derivational morphology to L2 French and Greek adults. We used questionnaires to assess quantitatively and qualitatively the feasibility of the protocol, teachers' and learners' attitudes, and learners' emotions in the PTL lesson. A total of 141 migrant learners (79 forced migrants) and 13 teachers were involved in 23 2-hour lessons. Teachers and learners gave overall high evaluations of the feasibility of the PTL protocol and of their pleasure to teach and learn using PTL tools. Learners’ ease to learn and learning benefits were positively influenced by their perception of the proximity between their L1 and L2. Learners reported higher positive emotions and lower negative emotions during the PTL lesson, while forced migrants showed globally higher hope and shame than voluntary migrants, as well as higher benefits from PTL on enjoyment. These findings suggest that the use of pedagogical translanguaging in migrants’ classrooms is feasible and develops positive attitudes and emotions, which are more pronounced in forced migrants.
Sustainable Mobility in the Century of Metropolises: Case Study of Greater London
Authors: Ribeiro Vinicius De Tomasi , Fachinelli Ana Cristina
Published: September 2024

The 20th century, known as the "metropolitan century," saw urban populations exceed half the global populace. By 2035, emerging metropolises, particularly in Asia and Africa, highlight the urgent need for research on urban growth, demographics, and mobility's role in sustainable development. This study explores the multifaceted aspects of mobility essential for sustaining metropolitan regions, examining stakeholders' perspectives through a detailed analysis of interview data. Responses are aligned with convergent subcategories derived from classical urban theories and contemporary metropolitan studies, encompassing territorial aspects, scale, place, urbanization, economy, culture, identity, innovation, networks, climate change, and foresight. The findings highlight the intricate interplay of governance, infrastructure, and socio-spatial dynamics in Greater London, underscoring the imperative for sustainable mobility and inclusive planning that integrates environmental concerns into metropolitan life. This research, through a convergent analysis of interviewees' responses, has identified thirty-one fundamental attributes to enhance our understanding of mobility within metropolitan areas, with a particular focus on the case study of Greater London. Future research directions include extending this framework to other metropolises and a deeper exploration of the attributes identified in London, employing both qualitative and quantitative methods to enrich our understanding of urban sustainability and mobility.
Polymer-Modified Fertilizers for Mitigating Strawberry Root Burn
Authors: Bamatov Ibragim , Perevertin Kirill , Vasilyeva Nadezda
Published: September 2024

Polymer-modified fertilizers (PMFs) with prolonged nutrient release present a promising solution to address the challenges associated with conventional fertilization practices, particularly for sensitive crops such as strawberries. This study investigates the effectiveness of biodegradable PMFs in maintaining nutrient availability at optimal levels while minimizing root burn and nutrient losses. A factorial field experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of varying concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the nutrient release rates from complex NPK fertilizer and monoammonium phosphate, as well as their subsequent effects on strawberry yield and soil properties. Results indicate that polymer modifications significantly slow down nutrient release, leading to prolonged nutrient retention in the soil at salt levels that are optimal for maximizing yield while remaining low enough to prevent the risk of root burn. Consequently, the application of PMFs not only enhances strawberry yield but also promotes healthier plant growth by ensuring a steady supply of nutrients throughout the growing season without inducing stress. The findings underscore the potential of biodegradable polymers to optimize fertilizer efficiency, reduce environmental impacts, and support sustainable agricultural practices. This research provides valuable insights into the development of more effective fertilization strategies for strawberry cultivation and other sensitive crops using PMFs.
Role of Coalesced Bainite in Hydrogen Embrittlement of Tempered Martensitic Steels
Authors: Shin Hee-Chang , Kim Sang-Gyu , Hwang Byoungchul
Published: September 2024

The role of coalesced bainite in hydrogen embrittlement of tempered martensitic steels was investigated. Results showed that the coalesced bainite significantly enhanced the hydrogen embrittlement resistance by restricting hydrogen accumulation at the prior austenite grain boundaries, thus shifting the hydrogen-assisted failure mode from intergranular to transgranular fracture.
The Effects of Foreign Direct Investments on Wage Trends in the Dutch Labor Market
Authors: Pirju Sergiu Ionel , Carmen Sirbu , Gina Ioan , Neculaesei Onea Angelica Nicoleta , Marinescu Emanuel Stefan , Pripoaie Rodica
Published: September 2024

The investigation of the correlation between Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) and wage dynamics, particularly in the context of gender-related aspects, is of paramount importance in understanding the broader implications of economic globalization. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between FDIs and wage trends, with a specific focus on the Dutch context.
Using data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the World Bank, the research applies statistical techniques, including regression analysis, to explore the relationship between FDIs and wage trends over time, with a focus on gender differences. The analysis reveals that while FDIs contribute to overall wage growth, their impact varies significantly between male and female employees in the Netherlands. This highlights the need for policies addressing these gender-based disparities, providing a unique gender-focused perspective on the influence of FDIs on wage trends and expanding the existing literature on economic globalization and wage dynamics.
Hands-On Gardening in Childcare Centers to Advance Pre-school-Age Children’s Fruit and Vegetable Liking in Semi-Arid Climate Zone
Authors: Monsur Muntazar , Mansur Mohaimen , Trina Nazia Afrin , Cosco Nilda
Published: September 2024

Hands-on gardening is linked with healthy eating behaviors, increased outdoor activities, and overall well-being. Although these positive associations are widely established for adults and school-agers, little evidence can be found on how such relationships may extend to early childhood, especially in the preschool years (3-5 years). One recent study conducted in North Carolina (NC) showed that participating in hands-on gardening significantly increased preschoolers’ accurate identification of fruits and vegetables (FV) and FV consumption compared to children who did not participate in hands-on gardening, but no association was found between participation in hands-on gardening and children’s liking (eating preferences) of FV. FV identification and liking during the early years may lead to lifelong healthy eating behaviors and preferences, making hands-on gardening a critical health intervention in early childhood environments, especially in childcare centers where a majority of the 13 million children in the United States between the ages of 0 and 5 spend most of their waking hours. This research aimed to investigate how hands-on gardening in childcare centers may impact preschoolers’ (3-5 years old) FV knowledge (identification) and liking in a semi-arid climate zone with a high concentration of Hispanic families by conducting experimental research with eight childcare centers and one hundred forty-nine children (n=149) in Lubbock County located in West Texas. Findings showed changes in average liking scores are generally positive in the experiment group of children who participated in hands-on gardening (compared to the control non-gardening group), implying improved liking. The findings indicate that the benefits of hands-on gardening in childcare centers for enhancing healthy eating preferences are evident even in a semi-arid climate zone, where high temperatures and limited rainfall present significant gardening challenges. This research underscores the importance of integrating hands-on gardening into childcare programs, highlighting its potential as an effective obesity prevention strategy not only within the U.S. but also in other regions with similar environmental constraints.
Luminescent Materials for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells: Advances and Directions
Authors: Onah Emeka Harrison , Lethole Ndanduleni , Mukumba Patrick
Published: September 2024

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) belong to the group of thin-film solar cells which have been extensively researched for over two decades due to their low cost of fabrication, flexibility and ability to function under low-light conditions. Some issues have to be addressed in terms of energy losses, material integration, weak photocurrent generation and stability to improve the performance of DSSCs. One of the approaches to enhance the performance of DSSCs is through luminescent materials. These are materials which can absorb light and re-emit at different wavelengths which can be used to convert ultraviolet (UV) and near infra-red (NIR) light that are not efficiently utilized by the DSSCs, into visible light that can be absorbed. The main objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on the impact of luminescent materials in DSSCs. Research interest in luminescent materials particularly, down conversion, up conversion and quantum dots were analyzed from the “Web of Science”. It reflected a remarkable number of over 200, 000 publications in the past decade. Therefore, the state of the art of luminescent materials for enhancing the performance of the solar cells were reviewed, which showed significant potential in enhancing the performance of DSSCs.
Characterization and Stability Study of a Fluoride Toothpaste with Organic Abrasive from Acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Seeds for Oral Hygiene Use
Authors: Quaresma Jamily José , Ferreira Lindalva Maria de Meneses Costa , Wanderley Marina Lima , Xavier Gabriela Monteiro Barbosa , Paes Yngrid Fernanda Oliveira , Magno Rui Nelson Otoni , Carrera Silva-Júnior José Otávio , Ribeiro-Costa Roseane Maria , Araújo Jesuína Lamartine Nogueira
Published: September 2024

Açai is a fruit common in the northern region of Brazil, and its consumption is primarily focused on culinary uses, resulting in the disposal of its seeds and contributing to environmental pollution. In this context, the objective of this study was to obtain, characterize, and perform a stability study of a toothpaste made from acai seeds as an organic abrasive for oral hygiene use. The depulped acai seeds were subjected to drying, grinding, and sieving to achieve the desired granulometry before being added to the other formulation components. Stability tests were conducted through cen-trifugation, density determination, acidity index, foam formation, FTIR, TG/DTG, rheological properties, and accelerated stability study. The formulation proved stable after the centrifugation test. The obtained density value was 1.36. The acidity value was 0.1720 mg/KOH, and the initial and final foam indices were 66.66%. TG/DTG analysis showed stability around 90°C. The acai tooth-paste exhibited pseudoplastic fluid behavior. The pH ranged from 6.5 to 8.08, and it showed good stability under the study conditions. Thus, the acai seed powder was found to be an acceptable organic abrasive for incorporation into toothpastes, and it demonstrated favorable characteristics for daily use in oral hygiene.
Pre-Detection and Pre-Registration Averaging of Full Wave Signals in Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry
Authors: Schwarz Roland , Pfennigbauer Martin
Published: September 2024

A well known technique to enhance the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of repetitive signals is to average them. The coherent parts of the signal add up constructively while the incoherent parts are averaged out. The prerequisite is that the signals are acquired under conditions of high repeatability, i.e.\ the signals must be sufficiently similar. In the present technical note we describe an efficient method for maintaining signal similarity by ensuring spatial and temporal proximity of laser waveform signals obtained by a sensor operated from an airborne platform. The method makes use of a few auxiliary parameters such as laser pulse repetition rate, mirror rotation rate, platform altitude, and flight speed. The method can be extended to be operated in real time.
Part-Prototypes Models in Medical Imaging: Applications and Current Challenges
Authors: De Santi Lisa Anita , Piparo Franco Italo , Bargagna Filippo , Santarelli Maria Filomena , Celi Simona , Positano Vincenzo
Published: September 2024

The last wave of Artificial Intelligence is dedicating particular emphasis to the line of
explainability research. The potential of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in producing
trustworthy computer-aided-diagnosis systems and its usage for knowledge discovery are collecting
interest in the Medical Imaging (MI) community to support the diagnostic process and the discovery
of image biomarkers. Most of the existing XAI applications in MI were focused on interpreting
the predictions returned by deep neural networks, typically including attribution techniques with
saliency map approaches and other feature visualization methods. However, these are often criticized
for providing incorrect and incomplete representations of the black-box models’ behaviour. This
raises the attention in proposing models intentionally designed to be self-explanatory. In particular,
part-prototype (PP) models are interpretable-by-design computer vision (CV) models that base their
decision process in learning and identifying representative prototypical parts from the input images,
and they are collecting increasing interest and results in MI applications. This narrative review
provides a summary of existing PP networks, their application in MI analysis and current challenges.
Neutral Red Film Augments Direct and Mediated Extracellular Electron Transfer Performed by Clostridium pasteurianum DSM 525
Authors: Zani Ana Clara Bonizol , de Souza João Carlos , de Andrade Adalgisa Rodrigues , Reginatto Valeria
Published: September 2024

Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is key to the success of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Clostridium sp. often occurs in MFC anode communities, but its ability to perform EET remains controversial. We have employed Clostridium pasteurianum DSM 525 as biocatalyst in a glycerol-fed MFC, designated MFCDSM. We have also followed the EET of this biocatalyst in the presence of a mediator, namely soluble neutral red (NR), soluble methyl viologen (MV), neutral red film (FNR), or methyl viologen film (FMV). MFCDSM provided power and current densities (j) of 0.39 mW.cm-2 and 2.47 mA.cm-2, respectively, which evidenced that the biocatalyst performs direct electron transfer (DET). Introducing 150.0 µM NR or MV into the MFCDSM improved the current density by 7.0- and 3.7-fold (17.05 and 8.45 mA.cm-2), respectively. After 20 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles, the presence of FNR in the MFCDSM anodic chamber provided almost twofold higher current density (30.76 µA.cm-2) compared the presence of NR in the MFCDSM. Introducing MV or FMV into the MFCDSM anodic chamber gave practically the same current density after 10 CV cycles. The MFCDSM anodic electrode might interact with FMV weakly than with FNR, so FNR is more promising to enhance C. pasteurianum DSM 525 EET within MFCDSM.
Performance Analysis of Glass Façade Cleaning Robot
Authors: Rajakannu Amuthakkannan , K.M Abubacker
Published: September 2024

Glass cleaning is one of the major cleaning tasks in malls, offices, and modern households where the human workforce is still used for cleaning. Manual cleaning on façade glasses is a less safe, tedious, ineffective, and complex process. With the advancement of robot technology, it is possible to use robots for glass cleaning to facilitate mankind and improve cleaning efficiency. This work presents the development of a vacuum-type glass cleaning robot for façade cleaning and its performance analysis. The developed square-shaped robot is controlled by an Arduino Mega microcontroller, equipped with vacuuming and cleaning technology. An adhesion mechanism on the wheels makes the robot move forward and backward on the glass. The robot runs on a 24-volt DC with a power rating of 75 watts. There are ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles and help the robot navigate. The robot uses a random-walk mechanism and works continuously for 90 minutes effectively. The performance of the robot has been analyzed in terms of coverage area, repeatability, and dust collection efficiency.
Monitoring and Modeling Urban Heat Patterns in the State of Iowa, USA Utilizing Mobile Sensors and Geospatial Data
Authors: Abbeg Coproski Clemir , Liang Bingqing , Dietrich James T. , DeGroote John
Published: September 2024

With cities experiencing faster warming rates than their surroundings and two-thirds of the global population projected to be living in urban areas by 2050, studies that help to describe in detail the spatial temperature patterns in the urban environment have the potential to address concerns regarding cities’ livability. The goal of this research was to examine the spatial pattern of temperature across multiple small to medium-sized cities in the state of Iowa, a relatively rural state. The study utilized mobile temperature sensors to collect air temperature data at a high temporal and spatial resolution in ten urban areas in Iowa during the afternoon, evening, and night on days exceeding 32°C from June to September 2022. Using a Random forest algorithm, and independent variables derived from aerial imagery and LiDAR data, we created predicted surface temperature models that demonstrated R² coefficients ranging from 0.879 to 0.997 with a majority of the temperature models reaching a R² higher than 0.95. These strong modeling results and derived highly detailed raster spatial data supports recent research which help explain the influence of morphometric features on temperature patterns in the urban environment. This study expands on previous research by investigating multiple small to medium sized cities in Iowa.
Insights into Perimenopause: A Survey of Perceptions, Opinions on Treatment, and Potential Approaches
Authors: Wegrzynowicz Andrea K. , Walls Amanda C. , Godfrey Myra , Beckley Amy
Published: September 2024

Perimenopause, the transitional phase leading up to menopause, affects millions of women worldwide, yet remains poorly understood and under-addressed in healthcare. This report investigates the significant impact of perimenopause symptoms on women's lives, emphasizing the often debilitating effects such as anxiety, depression, weight gain, and hot flashes, which collectively cost an estimated $1.8 billion annually in lost work time. Despite the availability of treatment options like Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) and non-hormonal alternatives, awareness and utilization of these options vary significantly among women. The report highlights the historical neglect of women's health issues and the need for improved communication between patients and healthcare providers. A cross-sectional survey conducted with 1,000 adults from the United States and Canada reveals widespread dissatisfaction with the quality of healthcare communication, underscoring the importance of personalized and comprehensive insights for women's health. The findings advocate for more at-home solutions and resources to empower women in managing perimenopause and menopause, promoting informed decision-making and reducing stigma. This study aims to enhance awareness and support for women during this critical life stage.
The Tax Incidence and Tax Pass-Through of Smokeless Tobacco in the US
Authors: He Yanyun , Yang Qian , Shang Ce
Published: September 2024

Background: States adopt different tax bases on smokeless tobacco (SLT), making tax incidence on SLT not directly comparable across states. In addition, how taxes are passed through to SLT prices among states that impose specific taxes, and whether the pass-through rates for SLT are affected by the uptake and evolution of e-cigarettes is unknown. Objective: This study will calculate the tax incidence on SLT and investigate how SLT taxes are passed to prices at the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile levels, as well as whether these pass-through rates vary by e-cigarette uptake and evolution. Methods: We regressed SLT prices on specific taxes using Ordinary Least Square regressions while controlling for state-, year-, and quarter-fixed effects. We then tested the difference in tax pass-through rates by different periods. Findings: The average tax incidence on chewing tobacco, moist snuff, dry snuff, and snus is 22%, 22%, 23%, and 20%, respectively. For moist snuff, taxes were fully passed to prices at the 25th and 50th percentiles and overly passed to prices at the 75th percentile. The e-cigarette uptake and evolution significantly raised taxes by 13 cents and 14 cents per ounce, respectively, for moist snuff at the 75th percentile prices. Conclusions: There is room to additionally raise SLT taxes. Given lower tax pass-through rates for lower-priced SLT, price promotion restrictions and minimum pricing laws may be needed to increase the cost of low-priced products. Tobacco companies increase tax pass-through to premium SLT as e-cigarettes grow popular, like the pricing strategy adopted for cigarettes.
Three-Month Mortality in Nonhaematological Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis: Differences between Subtypes
Authors: Gonzalez-Garcia Pablo , Fernandez-Navarro Julia , Bru-Arca Monica , Alvarez-Artero Elisa , Solis Sánchez Pablo , Roiz Mesones Maria Pia , Muñoz Bellido Juan Luis , Garcia Castro Mara Antonia , Belhassen-Garcia Moncef , Pardo Lledias Javier
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a fungal lung infection characterized by slowly progressive destruction of the lung parenchyma and has four main subtypes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the epidemiology of CPA in our area and evaluate the involvement of the different subtypes in mortality. Methods: This was a descriptive longitudinal retrospective study developed in three tertiary hospitals in Spain. Among all patients admitted with a pulmonary aspergillosis diagnosis, we selected those who fulfilled the criteria for chronic aspergillosis according to the criteria of Denning, excluding those with a haematological disorder. Results: Among 409 inpatients recorded as having pulmonary aspergillosis infection, only 76 (18.5%) fulfilled the criteria for CPA, with an estimated incidence of 0.67 cases/100,000 inhabitants/year. The subtypes detected were subacute invasive aspergillosis (SAIA) in 33 (43.4%) patients, simple aspergilloma (SA) in 25 (32.9%) patients, cavitary chronic aspergillosis (CCPA) in 13 (17.1%) patients and chronic fibrosant (CFAP) in 5 (6.5%) patients. The overall three-month mortality was 23%, which was higher in SAIA patients. The predictors of early mortality were age >65 years (OR 3.0 CI 95 1.0–9.5 0.043) and SAIA subtype vs. other subtypes (OR 3.1 CI 95 1.0–9.5 p 0.042). Conclusions: The incidence rate estimated was inferior to that previously reported. Three-month mortality in patients with CPA was high, with older age and SAIA subtype being the variable independent predictors of a worse prognosis.
3D Modelling of HPV-Related Tumors and Their Microenvironment
Authors: Aydin Sema Tugce , Kizilca Burak , Cakir Muharrem Okan , Ashrafi G. Hossein , Ozdogan Mustafa , Karademir-Yilmaz Betul
Published: September 2024

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) related cancers account for a large percentage of cancers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex structure and contributes significantly to tumor development, progression, and invasion. The TME is particularly pronounced in HPV-related cancers and HPV is known to influence the TME. In cancer research, there is an urgent need for new models to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and to facilitate the development of innovative therapies. In this context, 3D cell culture has emerged as a promising method in cancer research, that offers significant potential compared to conventional approaches. 3D modelling can produce results that are more consistent with clinical outcomes without the ethical concerns and problems of animal models. In this review, our aim is to discuss the tumor microenvironment in HPV-related cancers and demonstrate the importance of advancing 3D cell culture models for this purpose.
The Importance of Weather Factors on the Resilience of Airport Flight Based on Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs)
Authors: Song Mingyang , Wang Jianjun , Li Rui
Published: September 2024

To analyze the impact of weather factors on the resilience of airport flight operations, particularly on flight operation, economic performance, and transportation capacity, Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) model was used to identify key weather features and establish the mapping relationship between weather factors and airport operational resilience. Taking Xi'an Xianyang International Airport as an example, the weights of each route were determined using the Grey Relational Analysis method considering average daily flight volume, flight distance, and airport flow stability indicators. Flight operation records and weather data were utilized to calculate the importance of key weather factors on the resilience of critical flight operation indicators. The results indicate significant differences in average daily flight volume, flight distance, and airport flow stability across different routes, with routes in economically developed areas having a greater impact on airport flow stability. Temperature and wind speed changes are the key factors affecting flight operation and economic indicators, with importance values of 0.35 and 0.32 respectively. Wind direction change and wind speed change have the greatest impact on flight transportation capacity, with importance values of 0.7 and 0.65 respectively. Therefore, when conducting flight scheduling and risk assessment, special attention should be paid to key weather factors such as temperature and wind speed, while also considering the weight of each route to ensure flight safety, efficiency, and economic benefits.
RANS Simulation of Minimum Ignition Energy of Stoichiometric and Leaner CH4/Air Mixtures at Higher Pressures in Quiescent Conditions
Authors: Vasudevan Sooraj Paleli , Muppala Siva
Published: September 2024

The minimum ignition energy (MIE) has been extensively studied via experiments and simulations. However, our literature review reveals little quantitative consistency, with results varying for f=1.0 from 0.324 to 1.349 mJ, and for f=0.9 from 0.22 to 0.944 mJ. Therefore, there is a need to resolve these discrepancies. This RANS study aims to partially address this knowledge gap. Additionally, it presents other flame evolution parameters essential for robust combustion design. Using the reactingFOAM solver we predict the threshold energy required to ignite the fuel mixture. For this, the single step using the Arrhenius law is selected to model ignition in the flame kernel of stochiometric and lean CH4/air mixtures, allowing it to develop into a self-sustained flame. The ignition power density, an energy quantity normalised with volume is incrementally varied keeping the kernel critical radius rs constant 0.5 mm in the quiescent mixture of two equivalence ratios fs 0.9, and 1.0, for varied operating pressures 1, 5 and 10 bar at constant initial temperature 300 K. The minimum ignition energy is validated with twelve independent 1 bar data sets both numerical and experiments. Finally, a mathematical formulation of MIE is devised, a function of pressure and equivalence ratio shows a slightly curved relationship.
Assessing Stream Flows and Dynamics of the Athabasca River Basin Using Machine Learning
Authors: Kamal Sue , Wang Junye , Dewan M. Ali Akber
Published: September 2024

Streamflow forecasting is of great importance in water resources management and flood warnings. Machine learning techniques can be utilized to assist with river flow forecasting. By analyzing historical time series data on river flows, weather patterns, and other relevant factors, machine-learning models can learn patterns and relationships to present predictions about future river flows. In this study, an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model is constructed to predict the monthly flows of the Athabasca River at three monitoring stations: Hinton, Athabasca, and Fort MacMurray, in Alberta, Canada. The three monitoring stations upstream, midstream, and downstream were selected to represent the different climatological regimes of the Athabasca River. Time series data were used for the model training to identify patterns and correlations using moving averages, exponential smoothing, and Holt-Winters' method. The model's forecasting was compared against the observed data. The results show that the determination coefficients were 0.99 at all three stations, indicating strong correlations. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) were 26.19 at Hinton, 61.1 at Athabasca, and 15.703 at Fort MacMurray, respectively, and the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) were 0.34%, 0.44%, and 0.14%, respectively. Therefore, the ARIMA model captured the seasonality patterns and trends in the stream flows at all three stations and demonstrated a robust performance for hydrological forecasting. This provides insights and predictions for water resources management and flood warnings.
How Long is Long COVID? Evaluation of Long-Term Health Status in Individuals Discharged from a Specialist Community Long COVID Service
Authors: Bodey Rochelle , Grimaldi Jennifer , Tait Hannah , Godfrey Belinda , Witton Sharon , Sharda Jenna , Tarrant Rachel , Sivan Manoj
Published: September 2024

Background: Post COVID-19 syndrome or Long Covid (LC) is a novel fluctuating condition with a protracted course in some patients. Specialist LC services have been operational in the UK since 2020 and deal with a high caseload of patients. Aims: To evaluate long-term outcomes in patients discharged from a community-based LC specialist service. Methods: A service evaluation study that included patients who were well engaged in the services [completed the standard Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and received intervention from clinician(s)] and had been discharged for at least 3 months from the service. They consented to the study and completed standard PROMs: COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRS), EQ-5D-5L, and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) criteria for Myalgia Encephalomyelitis/ Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Results: Out of 460 patients contacted, 112 (average of 37.6 months since infection and 9.8 months post-discharge) completed the PROMs. 90.2% patients continued to experience LC symptoms and disability and had not returned to their pre-COVID health status. The average EQ-5D-5L index score was 0.53 (SD 0.29) highlighting a significant disability and that LC had become a long-term condition (LTC) in majority of patients who responded to the survey. 43% patients met the criteria for suspected ME/CFS. Conclusion: A proportion of LC patients develop Persistent Long Covid (PLC) consistent with a LTC and had a significant overlap with ME/CFS.
Job Satisfaction Among First-Generation Migrant Physicians in Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine in Germany
Authors: Elnahas Mahmoud , Hübner Jutta , Lang Philip , Ahmadi Emadaldin
Published: September 2024

This study investigates job satisfaction, burnout, and well-being among first-generation migrant physicians in anesthesia and intensive care medicine in Germany, comparing them to their native German counterparts.
Utilizing a cross-sectional survey design, the study collected data from 513 physicians, 110 of whom identified as having a migration background. Job satisfaction was measured using the German version of the Warr-Cook-Wall (WCW) Job Satisfaction Scale, burnout was assessed with the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), and well-being was evaluated using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index.
The job satisfaction ratings revealed no significant differences between migrant and German physicians in most dimensions, including physical workload, freedom to choose work methods, satisfaction with colleagues, responsibility, income, skill utilization, and variety in work tasks. However, migrant physicians reported significantly higher satisfaction with recognition received for their work and lower dissatisfaction with working hours. Burnout assessments showed that migrant physicians experienced higher psychological strain, perceiving every work hour as more exhausting and having significantly less energy for family and friends. Notably, migrant physicians reported higher difficulty and frustration in working with patients. Well-being ratings indicated that migrant physicians felt less energetic and active but found their daily life more filled with interesting activities.
The findings underscore the unique challenges faced by migrant physicians, particularly in terms of recognition and patient-related burnout. These results highlight the need for targeted interventions to support migrant physicians, including cultural competence training and flexible working hours to enhance their job satisfaction and overall well-being. Addressing these issues is crucial for maintaining the quality of patient care and the occupational health of migrant physicians in Germany.
Effectiveness of Options for the Adaptation of Crop Farming to Climate Change in a Country of the European South
Authors: Georgopoulou Elena , Gakis Nikos , Voloudakis Dimitris , Daskalakis Markos , Sarafidis Yannis , Lalas Dimitris P. , Mirasgedis Sevastianos
Published: September 2024

This study quantitatively assessed the effectiveness of three main options for the adaptation of crop farming to climate change (i.e., shift of planting dates, increase/addition of irrigation, and resilient hybrids/cultivars) in a southern European country (Greece). The potential effect of each option on the yields of several crops in all Greek regions is estimated for 2021-2040 and 2041-2060 and compared with those under the historical local climate of 1986-2005, by using agronomic and statistical regression models, and data from different climatic simulations and climate change scenarios. Our results reveal that all the adaptation options examined have the potential to significantly reduce crop yield losses occurring under no adaptation, particularly during 2021-2040 when for many regions and crops more than half of the losses can be compensated for. Notably, in some cases during this period, the measures examined can lead to crop yields that are higher than those under the historic climate. However, the effectiveness of the measures was found to greatly diminish in 2041-2060 under very adverse climate change conditions, highlighting the dynamic nature of adaptation. The assessment of the effectiveness of combined adaptation options, and the evaluation of additional criteria (e.g., feasibility) represent main areas for future research.
Feasibility of the Non-Window-Type 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Cage in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Ham Dae-Woong , Park Sang-Min , Kim Youngbae B. , Chang Dong-Gune , Yang Jae Jun , Kwon Byung-Taek , Song Kwang-Sup
Published: September 2024

Background:

Three-dimensionally printed titanium (3D-Ti) cages can be divided into 2 types: window-type cages, which have a void for bone graft, and non-window-type cages without a void. Few studies have investigated the necessity of a void for bone graft in fusion surgery. Therefore, the present study assessed the clinical and radiographic outcomes of window and non-window-type 3D-Ti cages in single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion.

Methods:

A total of 70 patients were randomly assigned to receive either a window or non-window cage; 61 patients (87%) completed final follow-up (32 from the window cage group, 29 from the non-window cage group). Radiographic outcomes, including fusion rates, subsidence, and intra-cage osseointegration patterns, were assessed. Intra-cage osseointegration was measured using the intra-cage bridging bone score for the window cage group and the surface osseointegration ratio score for the non-window cage group. Additionally, we looked for the presence of the trabecular bone remodeling (TBR) sign on computed tomography (CT) images.

Results:

Of the 61 patients, 58 achieved interbody fusion, resulting in a 95.1% fusion rate. The fusion rate in the non-window cage group was comparable to, and not significantly different from, that in the window cage group (96.6% and 93.8%, p > 0.99). The subsidence rate showed no significant difference between the window and non-window cage groups (15.6% and 3.4%, respectively; p = 0.262). The intra-cage osseointegration scores showed a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.007), with the non-window cage group having a higher proportion of cases with a score of 4 compared with the window cage group. The TBR sign was observed in 87.9% of patients who achieved interbody fusion, with a higher rate in the non-window cage group across the entire cohort although the difference was not significant (89.7% versus 78.1%, p = 0.385).

Conclusions:

Non-window-type 3D-Ti cages showed equivalent clinical outcomes compared with window-type cages and comparable interbody fusion rates. These results suggest that the potential advantages of 3D-Ti cages could be optimized in the absence of a void for bone graft by providing a larger contact surface for osseointegration.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.