bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Faiths and Social cohesion” Establishing social participation with religious differences: local Muslim communities in Europe
Authors: Manco Altay , Amoranitis Spyros
Published: December 2018

The action entitled “Faiths and Social Cohesion” the resultsof which are presented in this volume is supported by theEuropean Commission Directorate- General for Employmentand Social Affairs within the framework of the EuropeanProgramme against discrimination and in favour offundamental social rights and the civil society (Art 13 of thetreaty of the Union). This is an action for identification, validation and transnational exchanges “good practices” and information against discrimination coordinated by the Institutefor Research, Training and Action on Migrations (IRFAM).This action is carried out at the transnational level with sixsets of partners hailing from various countries.
Respect, fair treatment and Community power: working with the Muslims of Granada
Authors: Lozano Enrique E. Raya
Published: December 2018

Towards the end of the year 2001 we started to work out a research-action project with the objective of developing our knowledge about the situation of the Muslim communities which have settled in Granada, to know more about their more or less problematic contacts with the institutions of the local government and the associative fabric of the greater part of society. This initiative was taken in response to an invitation sent to us by our Belgian colleagues who were eager to set up a mainly European transnational network.
Religious discriminations and public policies: “Muslim burial areas” in Ghent
Authors: Kanmaz Meryem , Zemni Sami
Published: December 2018

The goal of this local initiative is to identify through participative, long term observation (1995-2005) that has mediation as its starting point, to try and understand the methods of interaction between the Muslim communities and the local services and authorities, with regard to the needs of the Muslim population on the question of burials. It was necessary to perceive and analyze how the Muslim groups continued to evolve in time and how the city of Ghent and the services concerned reacted (or not) to the groups or the actors whom they recognized as legitimate partners in this dialogue.
Assessment of the “Faiths and Social cohe-sion” Project: What one can learn in the fight against discrimination
Authors: Sensi Dina
Published: December 2018

The European action named “Faiths and Social cohesion”. Building up Social Participation in Religious Difference: Local Muslim Communities inEurope» was assessed during the last six months of the project. The objective was to assess the impact of the actions taken.
Conclusions: “Faiths and Social cohesion”: political rec-ommendations and “good practices”
Authors: Manco Altay , Amoranitis Spyros , Sensi Dina , Manço Ural , Logez Guillaume
Published: December 2018

The “Faiths and Social cohesion” network research has made it possible to question both the idea of “social cohesion” and that of “good practices” that, together, are supposed to produce this harmonious communal life ­ with reference here to philosophical and religious diversities observed on the local and municipal field.
Migrants trafficking and individual strategies: the formation of dynamic channels in international migration
Authors: Peixoto João
Published: December 2018

In this paper, a discussion of the current modalities of migrants trafficking will be made, taking into account the vast expression that it acquires and its extremely dynamic character. The main empirical base is a recent research project carried out in Portugal, which considered both labour and sexual exploitation related flows. The underlying claim is that it is the conjunction of individual aspirations for migration, stringent migration policies and organised intermediary agents that lead to the surge of dynamic modalities for channelling flows. The fact that each agent actively interacts with the others explains the continuing changes in the process.
International migration between Finland and the Baltic Sea Region
Authors: Heikkilä Elli
Published: December 2018

Immigration from the former socialist countries into Western Europe generally increased after the fall of the Iron Curtain. This was also apparent with respect to the Nordic labour markets and Finland where the share of immigrants grew from countries around the Baltic Sea Region. The main immigrant groups come to Finland from Sweden, Russia and Estonia. Immigration from Poland, Lithuania and Latvia has not played such an important role. This paper analyses the volume and integration of immigrants from the selected countries of Baltic Sea Region. Integration can be measured by their performance in the Finnish labour markets.
Wrestling with 9/11: Immigrant Perceptions and Perceptions of Immigrants
Authors: Brettell Caroline
Published: December 2018

Soon after 9/11 a research project to study new immigration into the Dallas Fort Worth metropolitan area got under way. In the questionnaire that was administered to 600 immigrants across five different immigrant populations (Asian Indians, Vietnamese, Mexicans, Salvadorans, and Nigerians) between 2003 and 2005 we decided to include a question about the impact of 9/11 on their lives. We asked: “How has the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 affected your position as an immigrant in the United States?” This article analyzes the responses to this question, looking at similarities and differences across different immigrant populations. It also addresses the broader issue of how 9/11 has affected both immigration policy and attitudes toward the foreign-born in the United States.
Why Not Me? Women Immigrants and Unemployment in New Brunswick
Authors: Doyle Judith , Mooney Nicola , Ku Jane
Published: December 2018

This article examines the experience of women immigrants and refugees in New Brunswick, Canada. In focus groups, employment, or rather the lack of employment, was a central concern for the women.  Many were skilled immigrants who urgently wished to be working in their field of expertise and felt disappointed with Canadian immigration processes and settlement in New Brunswick. Their emphasis on employment contrasted with their classification as dependent spouses by Citizenship and Immigration Canada and as refugees.
Promoting Multi-methods Research: Linking Anthropometric Methods to Migration Studies
Authors: Cliggett Lisa , Crooks Deborah L.
Published: December 2018

The experience of migration includes costs and benefits to migrants and sending communities.  In the tradition of a “letters” type discussion, this paper presents a synthesis of recent work from a longitudinal study from Zambia, Africa that used a mixed-methods approach to investigate the experience and outcomes of migration among the Gwembe Tonga. In this ethnographic study, we argue that including anthropometric methods in migration studies enhances our ability to empirically assess impacts of mobility to better understand the experience of migration. In this particular African context we see, on average, a beneficial outcome for migrants’ nutritional status, and livelihoods.
Book Reviews
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey H. , Lyytinen Eveliina , Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

So Far from Allah, So Close to Mexico: Middle Eastern Immigrants in Modern Mexico by Theresa Alfaro-Velcamp (2007) University of Texas Press, Austin, TX,USA, 272 pp.Global regionalisation, Core Peripheral Trends by Hermanus S. Geyer (eds.), (2006) Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, 193 pp.The Future of International Migration Governance by Arno Tanner, (2006) East West Books, Helsinki, Finland, 173 pp.
Party preferences and political participation: the emergence of the Turkish-origin German voter
Authors: Eccarius-Kelly Vera
Published: December 2018

The article examines trends in voting preferences and voting behavior of Turkish-origin German voters. Despite only representing a small percentage of the total German electorate, Turkish-origin voters are gaining an opportunity to shape the future political landscape. While the Social Democrats have benefited most directly from the minority constituency so far, this author suggests that the Green Party is poised to attract the younger, better educated, and German-born segment of the Turkish-origin voters. All other dominant national parties have ignored this emerging voting bloc, and missed opportunities to appeal to Turkish-origin voters by disregarding community-specific interests.
Cross-country Employment Propensity of Finnish Migrants: Evidence from Linked Register Data
Authors: Saarela Jan , Finnäs Fjalar
Published: December 2018

This paper explores how individual employment propensity interrelates across countries and time, using data that link population registers from Sweden and Finland. Migrants are observed before emigration, after emigration, and in a follow-up in cases both where they were still living in the host country and if they had return migrated. The interrelation is found to be strong, suggesting that migrants’ employment problems need not necessarily be due to failures in integration policies or because of problems in assimilation induced by migration as an event. They could also be explained by the fact that many persons, in latent subgroups, have inherently elevated failure risks.
Editorial: Migration and Migration Letters
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim , Cohen Jeffrey H. , Heikkila Elli
Published: December 2018

Migration is a dynamic and changing phenomenon so too is migration scholarship and research. While we understand that migration experience has always been responsive to political and economic environments we continue to search for new approaches and statements about migration’s triggers. Speedy progress in information and communication systems helped people in making informed decisions; improvements in transportation have both increased the number of potential destinations and origin areas contributing to migration. In policy and research papers, we have seen more and more mention of temporary migration, circular migration, and short term migration and so on. Chinese and Indian economic growth, the attraction of the EU and USA to job seekers everywhere, food crisis, environmental hazards as well as large or small scale wars and conflicts will continue to displace people internally and internationally.
The silent woman: the representation of sex trafficking in the contemporary British detective novel
Authors: Allen Elizabeth
Published: December 2018

The British detective novel has moved from a smug middle-class parochialism to an engagement with the global narrative of human trafficking, particularly sex trafficking. The genre has been claimed as the literary form best suited to offer a narrative of migration to counter the simplifications and xenophobia of the popular media. The global ‘turn’ is, however, illusory as its structures are fatally constrained by generic expectations. The narrative produced erases the complexities of migration and offers little moral challenge to the reader.
Net migration estimates for Greece by age, sex and citizenship, 1991-2001
Authors: Tsimbos Cleon
Published: December 2018

This paper applies techniques of demographic analysis to official data of Greece to obtain net migration estimates by age, sex and citizenship for the intercensal period 1991-2001. It is found that the overall net immigration rate for the decade is 6.3 per 100 resident population and the contribution of foreign immigrants to this figure is 88.2 per cent. 85.4 % of the net immigrants are of working age and 70.3 % of net immigrant women are of reproductive age. The results of the study can be used to formulate assumptions regarding the migration component when handling population estimates and projections.
The ABCs of migration costs: Assembling, bajadores, and coyotes
Authors: O'Leary Anna Ochoa
Published: December 2018

In efforts to avoid detection by border enforcement agents, undocumented migrants from Latin America often risk life and limb to enter the U.S.  Most commonly, they walk two to four days through an inhospitable desert in hopes of being picked up and whisked away to their final destination. Cost in human lives not withstanding, the price of this venture correlates to increased border enforcement. Interviews with repatriated migrant women on the border helps uncover this economic “underbelly” of transnational movement in what I dub the ABCs of migration costs: those related to assembling, bajadores (border bandits), and coyotes.
Power and politics in migration narrative methodology: Research with young Congolese migrants in Uganda
Authors: Clark-Kazak Christina
Published: December 2018

This paper explores the power dynamics inherent in qualitative research involving migration narratives. Drawing on the author’s experiences collecting life histories and constructing narratives of Congolese young people in Uganda, this article addresses the ethical and methodological issues of representivity, ownership, anonymity and confidentiality. It also explores the importance of investment in relationships in migration narrative research, but also the difficulties that arise when professional and personal boundaries become blurred.
Telling Diaspora Stories: theoretical and methodological reflections on narratives of migrancy and belongingness in the second generation
Authors: Christou Anastasia
Published: December 2018

This article explores the theoretical and methodological implications of the study of second generation migration through the use of life stories, a narrative and biographical approach. It presents a theoretical contextualisation of life history research in addressing the direction it has taken in the study of migration and identity in order to problematise how the subject and subjectivities in narrative research have been framed by social categorisations such as gender, ethnicity, class as well as social experiences such as trauma, exile, memory and imagination. The paper develops the analytical contribution of researching the biographicity of everyday migrant lives.
Natural Disasters and International Migration from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Naudé Wim
Published: December 2018

This paper employs a systems GMM model using data on 43 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1960 to 2005 to find that natural disasters have a significant impact on migration from SSA, raising the net out-migration by around 0.37 persons per 1,000. No direct evidence was found that natural disasters lead to further migration through impacting on GDP growth. It is however established that natural disasters is associated with a slightly increased probability that a country will be in conflict in a subsequent period. The frequency of natural disasters will not influence the duration of the conflict. It is concluded that natural disasters is an important determinant of migration from SSA. The findings in this paper imply that global climate change, through leading to more extreme weather events, will contribute to further migration from the continent.
Discerning adaptation and disruption in the childbearing behaviour of immigrants in Greece: an analysis using micro-census data
Authors: Verropoulou Georgia
Published: December 2018

This paper uses micro-data from the 2001 census of Greece to detect changes in the reproductive behaviour of recent immigrants. The analysis is based on descriptive methods and ordinal logistic regression models. Possible disruption and adaptation effects are investigated for different citizenships. The findings indicate that Albanians, who represent over half of the immigrants and originate from a high fertility country, show signs of reducing levels with increasing duration of residence consistent with the adaptation hypothesis. By contrast, for migrants from other Balkan and Eastern European countries there is some indication of a disruption in childbearing among recent arrivals.
Book Review
Authors: WAHLBECK ÖSTEN
Published: December 2018

BOOK REVIEW Transit Migration: The Missing Link between Emigration and Settlement by Aspasia Papadopoulou-Kourkoula New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008 ISBN 0-230-55533-0, 177 pp.
Book Review
Authors: Karpathakis Anna
Published: December 2018

BOOK REVIEW The Archaeology of Xenitia: Greek Immigration and Material Culture Ed. by Kostis Kourelis Athens: Gennadius Library, 2008 ISBN 978-960-86960-6-8, 104 pp.
Editorial: Research methods in ethnic and migration studies
Authors: De Tona Carla , Frisina Annalisa , Ganga Deianira
Published: December 2018

The acceleration and diversification of the movement across borders of millions of people has recently implied a heightened relevance of topics such as ethnicity, race and migration in the social sciences. Nevertheless, being migration a highly interdisciplinary and complex issue, the diverse national academic traditions and methodologies of investigation currently existing have up to now hindered the development of a clear framework for the understanding of the phenomenon. Through this special issue HERMES (European Researchers in Migration and Ethnic Studies) attempts to provide a dedicated arena offering European researchers the opportunity to disseminate the results of their investigations in the field of migration and, in particular, of reflecting on fieldwork and/or methodological issues. The eight articles presented here all contribute – in their own ways – to the provision of a reflexive ground for the understanding of methodological choices and options and, hopefully, to the creation of a shared understanding of such issues across disciplines and research traditions.
Visual methods in researching migrant children’s experiences of belonging
Authors: Moskal Marta
Published: December 2018

This paper examines drawings and mental maps made by children (used alongside with conventional interviewing techniques) as method of investigating migrant children sense of belonging. Children’s visual methods have gained renewed interest as many social scientists search for methods that align with the current conceptualisation of children as social agents and cultural producers. Drawing upon a qualitative study of Migration and the Integration of Polish families and children in Scotland, I analyze children's presence and participation in processes of transnational migration, giving some empirical example of how visual methods can be evaluated as a research strategy.
The German Integration Panel: how to measure the influence of integration courses on migrants integration?
Authors: Rother Nina
Published: December 2018

In 2005, Germany’s Federal Government introduced integration courses in order to enable migrants to improve their German language skills and thereby also their general integration into German society. From 2005 to 2007, about 500,000 migrants were granted the right to take part in an integration course. Several methodological challenges had to be overcome when establishing the German Integration Panel, a longitudinal survey aimed at analysing the efficiency and sustainability of integration courses and the impact they have on general integration processes. Among the key issues of this large-scale survey was its global design, especially the composition and accessibility of a control group of non-course participants as well as the assessment of German language proficiency.
Dealing with Dilemmas of Difference - Ethical and Psychological Considerations of “Othering” and “Peer Dialogues” in the Research Encounter
Authors: Kühner Angela , Langer Phil C.
Published: December 2018

In this paper we review two qualitative interview studies, in which dilemmas of difference played a decisive role. With regard to the first study, which focused on the influence of migration backgrounds in student’s perception of Holocaust Education in Germany, we discuss several research decisions that were made to avoid methodological othering. Concerning a study on HIV risk behavior of gay and bisexual men, psychological challenges of a participa-tory approach that involved peer interviewers are outlined. We argue that strategies of recognition of the “other”  -  seen as a reflexive agent - have to be developed systematically as an ethical precondition of socially responsible research.
Book Reviews
Authors: Reviews Book
Published: December 2018

Janitors, Street Vendors, and Activists: The Lives of Mexican Immigrants in Silicon Valley by Christian Zlolniski Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press, 2006 ISBN 0520246438, 249 pp.The Archaeology of Xenitia: Greek Immigration and Material Culture Ed. by Kostis Kourelis Athens: Gennadius Library, 2008 ISBN 978-960-86960-6-8, 104 pp.  Transit Migration: The Missing Link between Emigration and Settlement by Aspasia Papadopoulou-Kourkoula New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008 ISBN 0-230-55533-0, 177 pp.How Professors Think: Inside The Curious World of Academic Judgment, 1st Edition by Michele Lamont Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009 ISBN: 978-0674032668, 336 pp.
Migrant transfers in the MENA region: A two way street in which traffic is changing
Authors: Naufal George , Vargas-Silva Carlos
Published: December 2018

While remittances from the GCC countries to Asia slowed down during the crisis, there is no evidence of large decreases. On the other hand, remittances to several MENA countries decreased during 2009, but the evidence for 2010 suggests a reversal of this pattern. Most of the recent labour policies adopted in the region have been directed towards improving the conditions of foreign workers and there is still a considerable demand for foreign labour in the region. As such, the future may bring extra competition between Asian workers and workers from other MENA countries for jobs in the GCC countries.
Migrant remittances in times of economic decline: Coping with protectionist policies in Slovenia
Authors: Pajnik Mojca , Bajt Veronika
Published: December 2018

Faced with financial crisis and recession, many countries may promote return migration as a measure to combat economic decline. This affects the transnational migration and thus likely to contribute to a decline in remittance flows. At the same time, human agency proves the resilience of the migrants’ coping strategies, since many migrant workers – though faced with heightened pressure and increased precariousness of their positions – nevertheless persevere and thus sustain the flow of remittances. Drawing on biographical narrative interviews with migrants in Slovenia, this article analyses migrants’ position in the time of financial crisis and critically evaluates the governmental measures that restrict the migrants’ access to the labour market. We argue that protectionist policies are short-sighted and, rather than combating the crisis, they force many workers into even more vulnerable positions.
Forecasting migrant remittances during the global financial crisis
Authors: Ratha Dilip , Mohapatra Sanket
Published: December 2018

The financial crisis has highlighted the need for forecasts of remittance flows in many developing countries where these flows have proved to be a lifeline to the poor people and the economy. This note describes a simple methodology for forecasting country-level remittance flows in a manner consistent with the medium-term outlook for the global economy. Remittances are assumed to depend on bilateral migration stocks and income levels in the host country and the origin country. Changes in remittance costs, shifts in remittance channels, global exchange rate movements and unpredictable immigration controls in the migrant-destination countries pose risks to the forecasts. Much remains to be done to improve the forecast methodology, data on bilateral flows, and high-frequency monitoring of migration and remittance flows.
CASE STUDY: The determinants of remittances to India
Authors: Gupta Poonam
Published: December 2018

This paper analyses the macroeconomic determinants of remittances to India and assesses the impact of the current global slowdown on these flows. The paper shows that remittances exhibit a strong trend, whereby they have increased at a robust rate of 10 per cent a year since 1992. The movement of remittances is limited around the trend and traditionally has not been affected by the domestic or external macroeconomic variables. This pattern has changed since 2000, when the remittances have responded positively to the domestic interest rates and the Indian stock market; and negatively to the external interest rates. Looking ahead, a slowdown in the economic growth rate in advanced economies is unlikely to reduce the flow of remittances to India in the short term; but a prolonged slowdown, if it significantly reverses the migration of Indians, can reduce the trend growth rate.
Who is a refugee? Reflections on social classifications and individual consequences
Authors: Scherschel Karin
Published: December 2018

“Refugee” is not a set category expressing a universal and timeless definition. Instead, it is a relational one reflecting the outcome of social negotiations. The methodical reflections on social classifications and individual consequences emphasize the logic of institutional categories of immigration policies and the international refugee regime. To develop a deeper understanding of forced migration, we have to ask who is a “refugee” and who not and by what classification process. National policy has its own procedures for refusing or granting asylum. These procedures try to verify whether a migrant fits the official definition of a person considered a refugee. The article uses Germany to exemplify these measures. Qualitative research is employed to show that these procedures have a strong influence on refugees’ experiences.
A postmodern migrant subjectivity: Reading Italian-Canadian-ness, reading Breaking the Mould
Authors: Sacchetti Clara
Published: December 2018

This article ethnographically explores the ways in which members of an Italian studies book club in the small north-western Ontario (Canada) city of Thunder Bay express their migrant subjectivity by and through a discussion of Penny Petrone’s memoir, Breaking the Mould. It is framed within a postmodern framework that draws attention to how people engage with a local discourse of Italian-Canadian-ness grounded on notions of homeland, heritage culture, and selfhood and challenged by notions of gender, immigrant generational position, and socio-economic class. It draws attention to the problematic of identity and highlights how vexation, tension, contradiction, rupture, and contestation is part and parcel of an Italian-Canadian migrant subjectivity in Thunder Bay and part and parcel of migrant subjectivity more generally.
Migration, trade, and development: Comparing Mexico-US and Turkey-Europe
Authors: Martin Philip L.
Published: December 2018

Migration was the major relationship between Mexico and the US and Turkey and Western Europe for most of the past half century. Changes in both migrant-sending and –receiving countries aimed to substitute trade for migration. Mexico and Turkey have had roller-coaster economic growth trajectories, sometimes growing faster than other OECD countries and sometimes shrinking faster. There have been significant changes in Mexico and Turkey but, until more formal-sector jobs are created, especially young people leaving agriculture or joining the labour market may be candidates for migration.
Turkey and Europe: The role of migration and trade in economic development
Authors: Biffl Gudrun
Published: December 2018

The economic linkage of Turkey with Europe is marked by substantial labour flows and comparatively small investment and trade flows. In the late 1990s, a new stage of economic development has been reached. The rapidly growing Turkish economy is in need of skilled personnel, attracting largely second generation migrants of Turkish descent. At the same time the growth rate of commodity trade lost momentum, as skill shortages put a break on the economic growth potential of Turkey. The onset of reciprocal migration flows may be linked to the relocation of low tech production from Europe to Turkey, leading to rising intra-country trade. The direct linkage between migration and trade is, however, muted by the endogenous migration dynamics resulting from family reunion.
Migrant agency and community structure: Competing explanations for economic decline in migrant sending communities of rural central Mexico
Authors: Jones Richard C.
Published: December 2018

In response to Giddens' structuration theory, this study attempts to unravel the linkages between migration and local economic growth by moving beyond the household to the community level of analysis, and by considering lagged relationships over several years. The case study -24 towns in central Zacatecas, Mexico-concludes that remittances from US migration play an ambiguous role, providing basic income but at the same time resulting in more expenditures outside the community, which results in a lower multiplier effect and lower growth rates (measured by population growth). The reason for the externalization of expenditures is not so much the migration experience itself, as the socio-economic structure of sending communities, including their small populations and poor employment structures, which put overwhelming constraints on their growth and development.
Survey/Data: The European migrant experience
Authors: Esipova Neli , Rheault Magali , Pugliese Anita , Kanitkar Kirti
Published: December 2018

The experience of migrants living in 15 European countries was examined across major life domains: Subjective wellbeing, physical, financial, career, social, religion, community, and national institutions. Evaluative and experiential wellbeing ratings are lower among migrants, as well as social connections and attachment to their local community. Financial wellbeing is lowest among newcomers; however, migrants still do not reach the level of the native born after five years in their new country. Migrants are more likely than native born residents to express entrepreneurial spirit and to have confidence in national institutions of their new country.
Ethnicized social outskirts
Authors: Hetfleisch Gerhard
Published: December 2018

The reigning view within politics and media is that national and particularly ethnic origin – the "other" and "foreign" cultural background – might provide an explanation for the failure of "successful integration" from parts of the immigrant population. In the following article, I present a different hypothesis: namely, that the marginalization of third-country nationals and immigrants from the new EU member countries in Austria is due primarily to social exclusion by the host society. Indicators on education and the utilization of education, participation in the labour force, unemployment and occupation and housing conditions, as well as poverty as a key indicator provide evidence to this effect. It would thus appear that the public debate on ethnicity and cultural barriers to integration largely serves to camouflage social inequality and discrimination.
The impact of informal networks on labour mobility: Immigrants’ first job in Spain
Authors: Vono-de-Vilhena Daniela , Vidal-Coso Elena
Published: December 2018

This study analyses the transition from the last job in the country of origin to the first job in Spain for immigrants from non-developed countries according to their country of birth. We used the 2007 Spanish National Immigration Survey to build empirical models of multivariate regression analysis considering the main factors that may influence the probability of downward and upward labour mobility for men and women separately. The inexistence of differences between men and women on the impact of networks and the key role of pre-settled partners in immigrants´ upward labour mobility are the main findings of this work.
Sürdürülebilir Yasadışılık: İstanbul’da Gagauz Kadınlar - Sustainable Illegality: Gagauz Women in Istanbul
Authors: Unal Bayram
Published: December 2018

This study deals with survival strategies of illegal migrants in Turkey. It aims to provide an explanation for the efforts to keep illegality sustainable for one specific ethnic/national group—that is, the Gagauz of Moldova, who are of Turkish ethnic origin. In order to explicate the advantages of Turkish ethnic origin, I will focus on their preferential treatment at state-law level and in terms of the implementation of the law by police officers. In a remarkable way, the juridical framework has introduced legal ways of dealing with the illegality of ethnically Turkish migrants. From the viewpoint of migration, the presence of strategic tools of illegality forces us to ask not so much law-related questions, but to turn to a sociological inquiry of how and why they overstay their visas. Therefore, this study concludes that it is the social processes behind their illegality, rather than its form, that is more important for our understanding of the migrants’ survival strategies in destination countries.[IN TURKISH]Bu çalışma özellikle eski Sovyetler Birliği’nden gelen ve kısa bir süre sonra yasadışı duruma gelen göçmenlerin Türkiye’deki kalış mücadelelerine odak-lanmaktadır. Bu göçmenler arasında da özellikle Gagauzların bu mücadele içer-isinde yasadışılık konumlarını yaşamsal bir strateji olarak değerlendirmelerinin mekanizmasına odaklanmaktadır. Türk olmalarından kaynaklı yaşamsal stra-tejilerin anlaşılmasında, bu grubun devlet-hukuk önünde farklı şekilde değer-lendirilmesi ve hukukun uygulamasından sorumlu olan devlet görevlileri ile olan ilişkide ayrıcalıklı bir konuma getirilmeleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Göçmen-lerin açısından konuya yaklaşıldığında, yasadışılıkla baş etme stratejilerinin varlığına, hukuki açıdan bakmamızdan daha çok, göçmenlerin kalış sürelerini yasal olmayan biçime niçin ve nasıl kaydırdıklarına odaklanmamız gerektiğini anlıyoruz. Çalışmanın en temel sonuçlarından birisi, farklı grupların yasadı-şılığının farklı hukuki çerçeveler ile belirlenirken, Gagauz göçmenlerin yasa-dışılıklarının, tamamı ile sosyal bir süreç içerisinden anlaşılabileceği ve bu süre-cin göçmenlerin yasadışılıklarının faydalı olduğu sürece sürdürüleceğidir.
Göç, Ticaret ve Kalkınma: Meksika-ABD ve Türkiye-Avrupa Karşılaştırması Migration, trade, and development: Comparing Mexico-US and Turkey-Europe
Authors: Martin Philip L.
Published: December 2018

Migration was the major relationship between Mexico and the US and Turkey and Western Europe for most of the past half century. Changes in both migrant-sending and –receiving countries aimed to substitute trade for migration. Mexico and Turkey have had roller-coaster economic growth trajectories, sometimes growing faster than other OECD countries and sometimes shrinking faster. There have been significant changes in Mexico and Turkey but, until more formal-sector jobs are created, especially young people leaving agriculture or joining the labour market may be candidates for migration.[IN TURKISH]Geçen yarım yüzyılda, göç Meksika- ABD, Türkiye ve Batı Avrupa arasındaki temel ilişki olagelmiştir. Göç-alan ve –veren ülkelerdeki değişimler göç yerine ticareti geçirme eğilimi taşımıştır. Meksika ve Türkiye inişli çıkışlı ekonomik büyüme görünümü sergilemişler, bazen diğer OECD ülkelerinden bile hızlı büyümüş, bazen ise daha hızlı küçülmüşlerdir. Meksika ve Türkiye’de çok temel değişimler yaşanmaktadır ve ancak daha fazla güvenli istihdam yaratılmadıkça tarımdan kopan genç işgücü ya da işgücüne yeni katılanlar göçün yeni adayları olacaktır.
Remittances and their social meaning in Tajikistan
Authors: Zotova Natalia , Cohen Jeffrey H.
Published: December 2018

In this paper we investigate the growth and use of social remittances in Tajikistan. Russia became the destination country of choice for labor migrants from former Soviet states following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.  Tajik migrants also seek new destinations including settlement in the US. International migration to Russia and the US continues to shape economic realities for Tajik communities and migrants. In this paper, we use ethnographic evidence from rural communities in Tajikistan and from Tajik migrants who are settled in major Russian cities as well as New York City, NY to address the role migration plays for families and household and the meaning of social remittances for local communities. We explore the role that remittances play in the changing social landscape of Tajikistan and its local communities.
State Healthcare and the Impact of Remittances on Turnout in Mexico
Authors: Lopez Garcia Ana Isabel
Published: December 2018

In Mexico remittances have long been used to compensate for the lack of coverage and quality of state-provided healthcare. Since the mid-2000s, however, those without insurance have been entitled to receive free healthcare via the Seguro Popular programme. While popular, the delivery of this scheme is highly localised and therefore vulnerable to political manipulation. Using a series of regression models based on data at the municipality level, this paper analyses all local elections in Mexico between 2010 and 2012 and the presidential election of 2012 to confirm results of the previous literature which found a negative relationship between remittances and voter turnout. However, the analysis reveals that the negative impact of remittances on turnout becomes larger with additional increases in the coverage of Seguro Popular, though only in those municipalities where the PRI (the former hegemonic party) is electorally strong. The evidence thus confirms that the discretionary character of welfare provision modulates the effect of remittances on turnout in sending municipalities, but only where party-based authoritarianism prevails.
Monetary and non-monetary remittances of Egyptians abroad
Authors: Zohry Ayman
Published: December 2018

Migrants remit money, goods and commodities, as well as ideas and behaviors that affect sending countries, positively or negatively. It is not enough to study and track the flow of monetary remittances, which we admit its importance, but they also should give more attention to the study of the impact of socio-cultural remittances which may play an important role, negative or positive, in reshaping societies. This study aims at exploring both types of remittances, monetary and non-monetary remittances, and assesses their impact on Egypt.
Do remittances supplement South Asian development?
Authors: Ullah Ahsan
Published: December 2018

Remittance inflows have been recorded as the second major external source of finance after ODA and an important source of funds for growth in South Asian countries. This paper examines the interaction between remittances and development in South Asia. Most receiving countries have experienced a major increase in remittance inflows and increase in growth of their GDP. The migration-development nexus is drawn, however, generally on the contribution of migrants’ remittances to the GDP of receiving countries. While this contribution could no way be undermined, the calculation of this contribution is largely done by excluding some significant factors such as loan-with high interest; opportunity cost; remittances fee; risks and life lost. There are arguments that the entire amount of remittances channelled into South Asian countries does not go to development. Though there is huge potential to contribute to the development, South Asia did not fully benefit from migrant remittances. This is may be because of the fact that channelling remittances, uses of it and lack of financial sector development have thwarted the potential
Sustainable Distribution in Emerging Markets – African Perspective
Authors: Sarangi Subrat , Patro Sanjay , Kumar Ravi Shekhar
Published: December 2018

The paper focuses on studying the impediments for new entrants into emerging markets from a perspective of the African economies and proposes a conceptual framework for a sustainable distribution system. While there is a lot of research on emerging economies, African markets have remained relatively untouched, more so from the distribution perspective. Further, the speed at which business transformations are happening in these markets, academic research needs to keep pace with such changes. The paper proposes four broad impediments to distribution and eleven sub-dimensions i.e. political and security, cultural, ethnic and economic diversity, infrastructural gaps, channel structures and Governance, to name a few. The proposed conceptual framework defines four strategic interventions, namely, connecting with the masses, inclusive growth, leveraging existing networks and financing micro enterprises to build a sustainable network in the African markets. The methodology for the study is an integrative analysis of existing literature, case examples and personal experience on entry strategy advisory in Africa and other emerging markets by the lead author
A (Very) Open Elite: Downton Abbey, Historical Fiction and America's Romance with the British Aristocracy
Authors: Gullace Nicoletta F.
Published: December 2018

This article argues that the success of Downton Abbey hinges on the superimposition of progressive values onto the conservative nostalgia of heritage film. By depicting unequal class relations as consensual and allowing a measure of sexual freedom among its characters, Downton creates an alluring Tory past which is nevertheless acceptable to modern viewers. Fans' belief in the historical accuracy of the Downton fantasy and their intense desire for connection with it has left academic historians struggling to make sense of the show. The article draws on the author's experience of participating in audience events designed to promote the programme
Igniting a microexplosion by a microexplosion and some other controlled thermonuclear fusion scenarios with neutronless reactions
Authors: Shmatov M L
Published: December 2018

Several proposals for the power production application of neutronless fusion reactions and the D + D → 3He + n + 3.27 MeV reaction are reviewed. Compressing low-tritium fuel by thermal radiation from one or more D–T microexplosions possibly combined with one or more drivers is considered as the optimum ignition strategy for microexplosions with physically important D–D fusion reactions. Results are presented that show the incorrectness of three assumptions that the ignition of the p + 11 B → 3 α + 8.9 MeV reaction can be facilitated by chain reactions. The delivery of lunar 3He as a thermonuclear fuel component for large-scale power production on Earth is discussed from the standpoint of expediency.
Parallel Reservoir Simulation with OpenACC and Domain Decomposition
Authors: Kang Zhijiang , Deng Ze , Han Wei , Zhang Dongmei
Published: December 2018

Parallel reservoir simulation is an important approach to solving real-time reservoir management problems. Recently, there is a new trend of using a graphics processing unit (GPU) to parallelize the reservoir simulations. Current GPU-aided reservoir simulations focus on compute unified device architecture (CUDA). Nevertheless, CUDA is not functionally portable across devices and incurs high amount of code. Meanwhile, domain decomposition is not well used for GPU-based reservoir simulations. In order to address the problems, we propose a parallel method with OpenACC to accelerate serial code and reduce the time and effort during porting an application to GPU. Furthermore, the GPU-aided domain decomposition is developed to accelerate the efficiency of reservoir simulation. The experimental results indicate that (1) the proposed GPU-aided approach can outperform the CPU-based one up to about two times, meanwhile with the help of OpenACC, the workload of the transplant code was reduced significantly by about 22 percent of the source code, (2) the domain decomposition method can further improve the execution efficiency up to 1.7×. The proposed parallel reservoir simulation method is a efficient tool to accelerate reservoir simulation.
Development of an L-Band SAR Microsatellite Antenna for Earth Observation
Authors: Urata Katia Nagamine , Sri Sumantyo Josaphat Tetuko , Santosa Cahya E. , Viscor Tor
Published: December 2018

A compact synthetic aperture radar microsatellite antenna operating in the L-band is presented. To reduce size and weight of the small spaceborne SAR, we utilize a lightweight deployable parabolic mesh reflector and operate at low Earth orbital altitudes. The antenna is a wrap-rib center-fed parabolic reflector with dedicated receiving and transmitting feeds. Antenna requirements are: gain better than 30 dBic, center frequency of 1.275 GHz with bandwidth of 28 MHz and circular polarization with axial ratio better than 3 dB. This work describes the development of a compact Circularly Polarized SAR L-band antenna system and the design considerations suitable for small spacecrafts. Simulation of the parabolic reflector and effects of different structural elements to the main radiation pattern were analyzed, which include ribs, struts, feed blockage, and mesh surface. A research model of the parabolic reflector was constructed, and the reflector surface verification was realized using two different approaches, a laser distance meter along ribs and the other using 3D scanning of the reflector surface. RMS errors wree 1.92 mm and 3.86 mm, respectively, both below required 4.55 mm of surface accuracy. Near-field antenna measurements of the deployable reflector mesh antenna was realized for final antenna validation, presenting good agreement with the simulation results. Future work comprises prototyping and testing of the full polarimetric feed assembly.
Practical Approach for Absolute Density Field Measurement Using Background-Oriented Schlieren
Authors: Takahashi Hidemi
Published: December 2018

A practical approach for deriving the absolute density field based on the background-oriented schlieren method in a high-speed flowfield was implemented. The flowfield of interest was a two-dimensional compressible flowfield created by two supersonic streams to simulate a linear aerospike nozzle operated under a supersonic in-flight condition. The linear aerospike nozzle had a two-dimensional cell nozzle with a design Mach number of 3.5, followed by a spike nozzle. The external flow simulating the in-flight condition was 2.0. The wall density distribution used as the wall boundary condition for Poisson’s equation to solve the density field was derived by a simplified isentropic assumption based on the measured wall pressure distribution, and its validity was evaluated by comparing with that predicted by numerical simulation. Unknown coefficients in Poisson’s equation were determined by comparing the wall density distribution with that predicted by the model. By comparing the derived density field based on the background-oriented schlieren method to that predicted by the model and numerical simulation, the absolute density field was derived within an error of 10% on the wall distribution. This practical approach using a simplified isentropic assumption based on measured pressure distribution thus provided density distribution with sufficient accuracy.
3D Printing Applied to Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts
Authors: Wenger Raphaël , Giraud Marie-Noëlle
Published: December 2018

The broad clinical use of synthetic vascular grafts for vascular diseases is limited by their thrombogenicity and low patency rate, especially for vessels with a diameter inferior to 6 mm. Alternatives such as tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), have gained increasing interest. Among the different manufacturing approaches, 3D bioprinting presents numerous advantages and enables the fabrication of multi-scale, multi-material, and multicellular tissues with heterogeneous and functional intrinsic structures. Extrusion-, inkjet- and light-based 3D printing techniques have been used for the fabrication of TEVG out of hydrogels, cells, and/or solid polymers. This review discusses the state-of-the-art research on the use of 3D printing for TEVG with a focus on the biomaterials and deposition methods.