bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deriving properties of low-volatile substances from isothermal evaporation curves
Authors: Ralys Ricardas V. , Uspenskiy Alexander A. , Slobodov Alexander A.
Published: December 2015

Mass flux occurring when a substance evaporates from an
open surface is proportional to its saturated vapor pressure at a given
temperature. The proportionality coefficient that relates this flux to the
vapor pressure shows how far a system is from equilibrium and is called the
accommodation coefficient. Under vacuum, when a system deviates from
equilibrium to the greatest extent possible, the accommodation coefficient
equals unity. Under finite pressure, however, the accommodation coefficient
is no longer equal to unity, and in fact, it is much less than unity. In
this article, we consider the isothermal evaporation or sublimation of
low-volatile individual substances under conditions of thermogravimetric
analysis, when the external pressure of the purging gas is equal to the
atmospheric pressure and the purging gas rate varies. When properly treated,
the dependence of sample mass over time provides us with various information
on the properties of the examined compound, such as saturated vapor
pressure, diffusion coefficient, and density of the condensed (liquid or
solid) phase at the temperature of experiment. We propose here the model
describing the accommodation coefficient as a function of both substance
properties and experimental conditions. This model gives the final
expression for evaporation rate, and thus for mass dependence over time,
with approximation parameters resulting in the properties being sought.
Maturity onset diabetes of youth (MODY) in Turkish children: sequence analysis of 11 causative genes by next generation sequencing
Authors: Ağladıoğlu Sebahat Yılmaz , Aycan Zehra , Çetinkaya Semra , Baş Veysel Nijat , Önder Aşan , Peltek Kendirci Havva Nur , Doğan Haldun , Ceylaner Serdar
Published: December 2015

Maturity-onset diabetes of the youth (MODY), is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of diseasesand is often misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate both novel and proven mutations of 11

A panel of 11

We identified 28 (65%) point mutations among 43 patients. Eighteen patients have

This is the first study including molecular studies of 11
Clinical findings and effect of sodium hydrogen carbonate in patients with glutathione synthetase deficiency
Authors: Gündüz Mehmet , Ünal Özlem , Kavurt Sumru , Türk Emrecan , Mungan Neslihan Önenli
Published: December 2015

Glutathione synthetase (GS) deficiency is a rare inborn error of glutathione (GSH) metabolism manifested by severe metabolic acidosis, hemolytic anemia, neurological problems and massive excretion of pyroglutamic acid (5-oxoproline) in the urine. The disorder has mild, moderate, and severe clinical variants. We aimed to report clinical and laboratory findings of four patients, effect of sodium hydrogen carbonate treatment and long-term follow up of three patients.

Urine organic acid analysis was performed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Molecular genetic analysis was performed in three patients, mutation was found in two of them. Enzyme analysis was performed in one patient. Clinical and laboratory findings of four patients were evaluated.

One patient died at 4 months old, one patient’s growth and development are normal, two patients have developed intellectual disability and seizures in the long term follow up period. Three patients benefited from sodium hydrogen carbonate treatment.

The clinical picture varies from patient to patient, so it is difficult to predict the prognosis and the effectiveness of treatment protocols. We reported long term follow up of four patients and demonstrated that sodium hydrogen carbonate is effective for treatment of chronic metabolic acidosis in GS deficieny.
Experimental Investigation Of Biogas-Biodiesel Dual Fuel Combustion In A Diesel Engine
Authors: Ramesha D. K. , Bangari Adhiviraj Singh , Rathod Chirag P. , Samartha Chaitanya R.
Published: December 2015

This study is an attempt at achieving diesel fuel equivalent performance from diesel engines with maximum substitution of diesel with renewable fuels. In this context the study has been designed to analyze the influence of B20 algae biodiesel as a pilot fuel in a biodiesel biogas dual fuel engine, and results are compared to those of biodiesel and diesel operation at identical engine settings. Experiments were performed at various loads from 0 to 100 % of maximum load at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. In general, B20 algae biodiesel is compatible with diesel in terms of performance and combustion characteristics. Dual fuel mode operation displays lower thermal efficiency and higher fuel consumption than for other fuel modes of the test run across the range of engine loads. Dual fuel mode displayed lower emissions of NOx and Smoke opacity while HC and CO concentrations were considerably higher as compared to other fuels. In dual fuel mode peak pressure and heat release rate were slightly higher compared to diesel and biodiesel mode of operation for all engine loads.
Experimental Validation Of The Gearbox NVH Parameters
Authors: Prokop Aleš , Řehák Kamil , Zubík Martin , Novotný Pavel
Published: December 2015

The noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) plays an important role in the transmission area of automotive industry. To understand all the impacts on the gearbox’s global dynamic behavior it is necessary to gain information from a simplified model, create methods and get an appropriate and well correlated results with the experiment. The method itself can be afterwards reused for more complex transmission, which could be supported by other measurements. This paper deals with creation of a gearbox’s simplified model, including essential mechanisms as gear mesh stiffness, backlash, bearing stiffness and modal properties of the main components. Except for the presented model, more models with different difficulty levels are used. Numerical results are compared with data from experiment with good correlation.
Vehicle Ride Height Change Due To Radial Expansion Of Tires
Authors: Čavoj Ondřej , Blaťák Ondřej , Hejtmánek Petr , Vančura Jan
Published: December 2015

In general, tire deformations caused by wheel rotation are not taken into account when developing vehicle aerodynamics. On the road the tires radially expand as speed increases, which affects the actual ride height of a vehicle. In turn this often increases the real aerodynamic drag compared to values obtained using CFD or a wind tunnel as the mass flow across the relatively rough underbody increases with ground clearance. In this study, on-road ride heights were measured while running a vehicle in a straight line with fixed velocity whilst the aerodynamic lift of the vehicle was determined in a wind tunnel. Subsequently, the relationships between ride height and axle load were obtained by loading the vehicle at standstill with ballast. By comparing the ride heights at high and very low velocities with expected vertical displacement caused purely by aerodynamic lift force as computed according to the ride height - axle load equations, the ride height change due to tire radial expansion was determined.
Crystal structure of 2,4-dichlorobenzene anhydride, C14H6Cl4O3
Authors: Qu Hai-Tao , Fu Ying , Ye Fei
Published: December 2015

C14H6Cl4O3 orthorhombic, Pccn (no. 56), a = 11.884(2) Å, b = 11.902(2) Å, c = 10.509(2) Å, V = 1235.9(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0440, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1047, T = 293 K.
Impact of Population Ageing on Unemployment and Entrepreneurial Activity: the Case of Slovenia
Authors: Akanni Marjetka Troha , Čepar Žiga
Published: December 2015

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to investigate impact of population ageing on unemployment and entrepreneurial activity in Slovenia since it is one of the topical issues in an ageing Europe and has many implications for economic and non-economic welfare.

Design and Methodology: First, we introduce the phenomenon of population ageing and provide some literature review on population ageing impact on unemployment and entrepreneurial activity. Second, we employ multiple regression analysis on cross-section data for Slovenian municipalities. We use secondary data collected from databases of Statistical Office of Republic of Slovenia and Employment Service of Slovenia on demographic and economic variables by 210 municipalities for the year 2009.

Results: The regression analysis results confirm our first hypothesis: municipalities with higher ageing index and higher average age also have higher registered unemployment rate. If ageing index (average age) is higher by 1 %, the registered unemployment rate is higher on average by 0.532 % to 0.670 % (by 2.431 % to 3.379 %), ceteris paribus. Our regression analysis also confirms our second hypothesis: municipalities with higher average age also have lower number of enterprises per 100 population. If average age is higher by 1% (by 1 year), the number of enterprises per 100 population is lower on average by 1.7 % (by 0.182 enterprises), ceteris paribus.

Conclusion: We may conclude that population ageing without properly addressing it, consequently leads into lower economic welfare. That additionally highlights the importance of a proper demographic and social policy when governing labour market policy.
Social CRM Adoption and its Impact on Performance Outcomes: a Literature Review
Authors: Marolt Marjeta , Pucihar Andreja , Zimmermann Hans-Dieter
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose: Social customer relationship management (social CRM) is an emerging concept that integrates traditional CRM and social media in order to provide benefits for organizations and customers. Despite the benefits that social CRM can bring, many organizations are still at the early stage of adoption. To move beyond social marketing and to exploit opportunities offered by sales and customer service, organizations need to be aware of factors that drive social CRM adoption and different implications of social CRM adoption for performance outcomes. This paper aims to provide a review of scholarly literature on social CRM adoption with the focus on factors and performance outcomes.

Design/Methodology/Approach: To provide a comprehensive view of social CRM adoption and its impact on performance outcomes, the publications of interest include scholarly journal papers from information systems and marketing disciplines and conference proceedings. Selected publications were reviewed, and findings classified into three categories: the extent of social CRM adoption, the factors influencing CRM adoption, and the impact of social CRM on performance outcomes.

Results: It appears that several issues regarding social CRM adoption and its implications for performance outcomes as well as the actual use of social media in the context of CRM need additional empirical support.

Conclusion: Our observations have confirmed that many researchers proposed social CRM models based on existing theories and concepts of traditional CRM. Nevertheless, some specifics of social media implications on CRM have been overlooked. The researchers therefore suggest further adjustment/extension of their models.
Quantitative structure parameters from the NMR spectroscopy of quadrupolar nuclei
Authors: Perras Frédéric A.
Published: December 2015

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most important characterization tools in chemistry, however, 3/4 of the NMR active nuclei are underutilized due to their quadrupolar nature. This short review centers on the development of methods that use solid-state NMR of quadrupolar nuclei for obtaining quantitative structural information. Namely, techniques using dipolar recoupling as well as the resolution afforded by double-rotation are presented for the measurement of spin–spin coupling between quadrupoles, enabling the measurement of internuclear distances and connectivities. Two-dimensional J-resolved-type experiments are then presented for the measurement of dipolar and J coupling, between spin-1/2 and quadrupolar nuclei as well as in pairs of quadrupolar nuclei. Select examples utilizing these techniques for the extraction of structural information are given. Techniques are then described that enable the fine refinement of crystalline structures using solely the electric field gradient tensor, measured using NMR, as a constraint. These approaches enable the solution of crystal structures, from polycrystalline compounds, that are of comparable quality to those solved using single-crystal diffraction.
Wie historisches Wissen soziale Praktiken konstruiert
Authors: Rostislavleva Natalia
Published: December 2015

The article deals with different versions of social practices modeled via historical knowledge. The author shows the role of the Russian historian T. N. Granovsky in the definition of Russia’s place in the “Russia-West”-system of axes. She describes the influence of the attempt to change society on historical works of prominent representatives of the “Russian school”, such as N. I. Kareev and M. M. Kovalevsky. The article highlights the formation of an aggressive attitude towards Germany during the First World War among Russian historians, such as A. K. Dzhivelegov and V. P. Buzeskul. It also shows society’s influence on historical memory, taking the anniversary celebration of the Battle of Leipzig as an example.
Innenleben und Dialog
Authors: Engelen Eva-Maria
Published: December 2015

This study is guided by the idea that the totality of human self-relationships is dependent on a respective other, in order to be able to develop and in extreme cases sustain oneself. This is true even with regard to the phenomenal experience. On the one hand, it is determined how anthropological basic constellations are linked to relevant ethical questions of lifestyle and coping with existence, and, on the other hand, a lifestyle technique and ethical improvement are considered. Emotional and affective self-relationships in particular are examined to determine the phenomenal content of human self-relationships. In the first section, a model is presented on how inner life and thus a self is created in dialogical structures. In the second part, a traditional monologic technique is described as a dialogue with oneself, with whose help an inner life is further developed and unfolded. The third section shows how the effort towards self-preservation refers to dialogue scenarios.
Bildung, kulturelles Lernen und philosophische Reflexion als Bedingungen gesellschaftlicher Entwicklung
Authors: Wulf Christoph
Published: December 2015

The development of a society is closely connected to the upbringing, education and learning processes of the younger generation. Their communication and further development require interdisciplinary and internationally aligned humanities and social sciences. The Millennium Goals and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) defined by the community of states aim at providing all people with a basic education. We must learn how one learns, how one acts, how one lives with other people, and how one accepts each other. A cultural education is required for this purpose. Today education must be: general, reflexive, critical, future-oriented, peace-based and sustainable, and enable young people to handle cultural diversity in a productive manner. In order to achieve these objectives in a society, research is required in humanities and social science.
Professional, Spectator, and Olympic Sports in the Context of the Terms Spiritualism and Spirituality, and in the Context of Normative Ethics
Authors: Kosiewicz Jerzy
Published: December 2015

The author has used - in his paper - two different expressions related to spirituality in its entirety: that is, spirituality (the spiritual sphere in superficial sense and meaning) and spiritualism (the spiritual sphere in deep sense and meaning). The author presented selected different definitions and manifestations of spirituality and spiritualism.

The considerations on so-called “spirituality” - related to different phenomena of culture - without notions of spirituality and spiritualism - are a testimony to ordinary, typical common sense thinking only.

Author would like to underline, that contemporary professional, spectator sport and the Olympic Games are only a mass culture phenomenon. A phenomenon of mass culture can be only a mirror of superficial spirituality, but not a testimony to spiritualism (that is, deep spirituality).

The ancient Olympic Games - in contrast to the concept of Coubertin’s idea of Olympism - were a manifestation of deep spirituality, that is spiritualism. The Greek Games were based on an internal unity between religiosity, art and sport.
Symbiotic microorganisms of the leafhopper Deltocephalus pulicaris (Fallén, 1806) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae): molecular characterization, ultrastructure and transovarial transmission
Authors: Kobiałka Michał , Michalik Anna , Walczak Marcin , Junkiert Łukasz , Szklarzewicz Teresa
Published: December 2015

The ovaries of the leafhopper Deltocephalus pulicaris are accompanied by large organs termed bacteriomes, which are composed of numerous polyploid cells called bacteriocytes. The cytoplasm of bacteriocytes is tightly packed with symbiotic microorganisms. Ultrastructural and molecular analyses have revealed that bacteriocytes of D. pulicaris contain two types of symbionts: the bacterium “Candidatus Sulcia muelleri” and the bacterium “Candidatus Nasuia deltocephalinicola”. Both symbionts are transovarially transmitted from the mother to the next generation.
Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidomorpha) of the Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University, Kraków
Authors: Starowicz Marzena , Kanturski Mariusz , Junkiert Łukasz , Wieczorek Karina
Published: December 2015

The paper presents results of faunistic investigations of aphids (Aphidomorpha) in the Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University, Kraków, in the Kraków – Wieluń Upland. During two seasons of research (2011, 2012) two aphid species from the family Adelgidae and 50 species from the family Aphididae, associated with 66 host plants were recorded. The following species – Eriosoma anncharlotteae Danielsson, 1979, Capitophorus elaeagni (Del Guercio, 1894), Rhopalosiphoninus (Neorhopalosiphoninus) staphyleae staphyleae (Koch, 1854), Eulachnus brevipilosus Börner, 1940 and E. cembrae Börner, 1950 – are new for the Kraków – Wieluń Upland. Seven of the species recorded are regarded as alien to Poland.
Two new Palaearctic species of the genus Schroederella Enderlein, 1920 (Diptera: Heleomyzidae)
Authors: Woźnica Andrzej J.
Published: December 2015

Two Asiatic Schroederella species, viz. Schroederella distincta and Schroederella wojciechowskii from Eastern Russia, are described. The diagnostic characters are provided. Male terminalia are illustrated for both species. Their relationships with other representatives of the genus are discussed. A checklist of all nominal Asiatic species is presented. With 12 original figures.
Audi, Thomas, . . . Audi a me signa quae futura sunt in fine huius saeculi – Zum Textbestand und zur Überlieferung der apokryphen Thomas-Apokalypse
Authors: Geigenfeind Matthias
Published: December 2015

The Revelation of Thomas (ApkTh) is certainly rather an unknown apocryphal apocalypse. Its existence has long been known only by its reference in the Decretum Gelasianum. Today the revelation’s text is testified not only by medieval English homilies but also interestingly by three various text forms all having been written in Latin and most of them discovered by scholars in different monastery libraries at the beginning of the 20th century. The so-called „short form“ of the apocalypse, which is - because of the dating of the oldest of the relevant manuscripts - considered to be the earliest witness created in the fifth century, consists of an address by Christ to Thomas, where he announces that famine, wars, and pestilences will appear when the End of Times approaches. After that, a list of the single events taking place on the last and final days follows. This distribution of the de-creation of the world on seven days before Christ’s arrival on the eighth - events which are moreover all testified in the second transmitted „abbreviated form“ of the ApkTh variant containing only the list predicting the End - hereby is what makes the Revelation of Thomas so fascinating and simultaneously unique among all the other apocalypses known so far. In the third variant of testification, which for its part can be named the „long recension,“ the relevant medieval manuscripts of the ApkTh additionally deal with the calamities striking the humans on earth and preceding Christ’s parusia. This prophetic introduction of the Revelation of Thomas contains insinuations to historical events having taken place in the fifth century C. E. Among those observable references the allusion to Arcadius and Honorius, the two sons of the Roman Emperor Theodosius I, is quite unambiguous, while other scourges described in the text cannot be assigned to actual occurrences without doubt. In any case the setting seems to be the Western part of the Roman Empire, although the Eastern part can’t be totally excluded.
Effects of In-Season Inertial Resistance Training With Eccentric Overload in a Sports Population at Risk for Patellar Tendinopathy
Authors: Gual Gabriel , Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe Azahara , Romero-Rodríguez Daniel , Tesch Per A.
Published: December 2015

Gual, G, Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A, Romero-Rodríguez, D, and Tesch, PA. Effects of in-season inertial resistance training with eccentric overload in a sports population at risk for patellar tendinopathy. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1834–1842, 2016—Volleyball and basketball players can be considered as a population at risk for patellar tendinopathy. Given the paradox that eccentric training elicits therapeutic benefits yet might provoke such injury, we investigated the influence of a weekly bout of inertial squat resistance exercise offering eccentric overload on lower limb muscle power and patellar tendon complaints. Players of 8 (4 basketball and 4 volleyball) teams (38 women and 43 men) were randomly assigned to either the intervention (IG) or control (CG) group. Although IG and CG maintained scheduled in-season training routines over 24 weeks, IG, in addition, performed 1 weekly session of eccentric overload by 4 sets of 8 repetitions of the squat using flywheel inertial resistance. Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment patellar tendinopathy questionnaire (VISA-p), vertical countermovement jump, and squat power, both concentric (Squat-Con) and eccentric (Squat-Ecc), tests were performed before (T1), during (T2), and after (T3) the 24 weeks of intervention. Neither group suffered from patellar tendinopathy during the study period. VISA-p displayed no differences across groups at any measurement period. Countermovement jump scores significantly (p ≤ 0.05) differed between groups in favor of the IG. Both Squat-Con and Squat-Ecc mean scores from the IG were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than the CG. Adding a weekly eccentric overload squat training bout to a regular basketball and volleyball exercise routine enhances lower limb muscle power without triggering patellar tendon complaints. Future studies, using the current exercise paradigm, aim to explore its efficacy to prevent or combat patellar tendinopathy in sports calling for frequent explosive jumps.
Potentiation Following Ballistic and Nonballistic Complexes: The Effect of Strength Level
Authors: Suchomel Timothy J. , Sato Kimitake , DeWeese Brad H. , Ebben William P. , Stone Michael H.
Published: December 2015

Suchomel, TJ, Sato, K, DeWeese, BH, Ebben, WP, and Stone, MH. Potentiation following ballistic and nonballistic complexes: the effect of strength level. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1825–1833, 2016—The purpose of this study was to compare the temporal profile of strong and weak subjects during ballistic and nonballistic potentiation complexes. Eight strong (relative back squat = 2.1 ± 0.1 times body mass) and 8 weak (relative back squat = 1.6 ± 0.2 times body mass) males performed squat jumps immediately and every minute up to 10 minutes following potentiation complexes that included ballistic or nonballistic concentric-only half-squat (COHS) performed at 90% of their 1 repetition maximum COHS. Jump height (JH) and allometrically scaled peak power (PPa) were compared using a series of 2 × 12 repeated measures analyses of variance. No statistically significant strength level main effects for JH (p = 0.442) or PPa (p = 0.078) existed during the ballistic condition. In contrast, statistically significant main effects for time existed for both JH (p = 0.014) and PPa (p < 0.001); however, no statistically significant pairwise comparisons were present (p > 0.05). Statistically significant strength level main effects existed for PPa (p = 0.039) but not for JH (p = 0.137) during the nonballistic condition. Post hoc analysis revealed that the strong subjects produced statistically greater PPa than the weaker subjects (p = 0.039). Statistically significant time main effects existed for time existed for PPa (p = 0.015), but not for JH (p = 0.178). No statistically significant strength level × time interaction effects for JH (p = 0.319) or PPa (p = 0.203) were present for the ballistic or nonballistic conditions. Practical significance indicated by effect sizes and the relationships between maximum potentiation and relative strength suggest that stronger subjects potentiate earlier and to a greater extent than weaker subjects during ballistic and nonballistic potentiation complexes.
Comparison of Resistance Exercise Perceived Exertion and Muscle Activation at Varied Submaximal Durations, Loads, and Muscle Actions
Authors: Hollander Daniel B. , Worley Jennifer R. , Asoodeh Mike , Wakesa David , Magnuson Matthew , Dantzler Demetra K. , Didier Jennifer J. , Kraemer Robert R.
Published: December 2015

Hollander, DB, Worley, JR, Asoodeh, M, Wakesa, D, Magnuson, M, Dantzler, DK, Didier, JJ, and Kraemer, RR. Comparison of resistance exercise perceived exertion and muscle activation at varied submaximal durations, loads, and muscle actions. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1387–1394, 2017—Previous studies investigating muscle activation from dynamic, plate-loaded, concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) muscle contractions have not accounted for the greater absolute strength of ECC contractions. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of different dynamic muscle contraction durations, loads, and contraction types (CON and ECC) on perceived exertion and muscle activation differences in 6 women (mean ± SD age, height, weight, body mass index 22.83 ± 2.56 years, 1.65 ± 0.261 m, 68.56 ± 2.72 kg, 25.26 ± 4.39 kg·m−2). The participants were recruited and trained to move weight at the appropriate duration (2, 3, 4, and 5 seconds) for leg extension using a displacement apparatus (sonic emitter, auditory) and a computer program (visual feedback of bar displacement). Concentric and ECC 1 repetition maximum (1RM) were determined for leg extension for the midrange 3-second duration. Thirty, 50, and 70% of either CON or ECC 1RM were loaded for the remainder of the sessions. Subjects were then assigned to complete trials in a counterbalanced fashion for load, contraction type, and contraction duration. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) significantly increased in response to load (30, 50, and 70%) regardless of contraction type as did electromyography (EMG) root mean square amplitude. Greater time under tension significantly increased RPE regardless of contraction type during knee extension exercise. The EMG amplitude was less distinguishable between 2, 3, 4, and 5 seconds of contractions. The data highlight the effort sense distinctions made by women at submaximal exercise loads during knee extension. These findings should be used to develop effective resistance exercise protocols that facilitate positive perceptions and adherence resistance exercise loads, durations of contraction, and contraction type.
Short-Term Effects of Different Loading Schemes in Fitness-Related Resistance Training
Authors: Eifler Christoph
Published: December 2015

Eifler, C. Short-term effects of different loading schemes in fitness-related resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1880–1889, 2016—The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the short-term effects of different loading schemes in fitness-related resistance training and to identify the most effective loading method for advanced recreational athletes. The investigation was designed as a longitudinal field-test study. Two hundred healthy mature subjects with at least 12 months' experience in resistance training were randomized in 4 samples of 50 subjects each. Gender distribution was homogenous in all samples. Training effects were quantified by 10 repetition maximum (10RM) and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) testing (pre-post-test design). Over a period of 6 weeks, a standardized resistance training protocol with 3 training sessions per week was realized. Testing and training included 8 resistance training exercises in a standardized order. The following loading schemes were randomly matched to each sample: constant load (CL) with constant volume of repetitions, increasing load (IL) with decreasing volume of repetitions, decreasing load (DL) with increasing volume of repetitions, daily changing load (DCL), and volume of repetitions. For all loading schemes, significant strength gains (p < 0.001) could be noted for all resistance training exercises and both dependent variables (10RM, 1RM). In all cases, DCL obtained significantly higher strength gains (p < 0.001) than CL, IL, and DL. There were no significant differences in strength gains between CL, IL, and DL. The present data indicate that resistance training following DCL is more effective for advanced recreational athletes than CL, IL, or DL. Considering that DCL is widely unknown in fitness-related resistance training, the present data indicate, there is potential for improving resistance training in commercial fitness clubs.
SKAP, an outer kinetochore protein, is required for mouse germ cell development
Authors: Grey Corinne , Espeut Julien , Ametsitsi Rachel , Kumar Rajeev , Luksza Malgorzata , Brun Christine , Verlhac Marie-Hélene , Suja José Angél , de Massy Bernard
Published: December 2015

In sexually reproducing organisms, accurate gametogenesis is crucial for the transmission of genetic material from one generation to the next. This requires the faithful segregation of chromosomes during mitotic and meiotic divisions. One of the main players in this process is the kinetochore, a large multi-protein complex that forms at the interface of centromeres and microtubules. Here, we analyzed the expression profile and function of small kinetochore-associated protein (SKAP) in the mouse. We found that two distinct SKAP isoforms are specifically expressed in the germline: a smaller isoform, which is detected in spermatogonia and spermatocytes and localized in the outer mitotic and meiotic kinetochores from metaphase to telophase, and a larger isoform, which is expressed in the cytoplasm of elongating spermatids. We generated SKAP-deficient mice and found that testis size and sperm production were severely reduced in mutant males. This phenotype was partially caused by defects during spermatogonia proliferation before entry into meiosis. We conclude that mouse SKAP, while being dispensable for somatic cell divisions, has an important role in the successful outcome of male gametogenesis. In germ cells, analogous to what has been suggested in studies using immortalized cells, SKAP most likely stabilizes the interaction between kinetochores and microtubules, where it might be needed as an extra safeguard to ensure the correct segregation of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes.
Torneo criminal, aversión al riesgo y seguridad ciudadana: comportamiento criminal en Bogotá D.C.
Authors: Grautoff Manfred , Chavarro Fernando , Balaguer Jazmín
Published: December 2015

Este documento analiza las políticas públicas de seguridad en la ciudad de Bogotá, formuladas sobre el diagnóstico que correlaciona la criminalidad con las causas objetivas del conflicto. La evidencia empírica de la revisión bibliográfica demuestra que dicha relación no es significativa; por esto se desarrolló un modelo de comportamiento criminal que explique el fenómeno como una competencia donde el delincuente compite con otros individuos, lo que forma una estructura que mejora la productividad de la cadena criminal, eliminando a los agentes menos aptos en actividades criminales. La evidencia empírica es preliminar debido a que no se tiene acceso a los micro-datos de la encuesta de victimización de 2003, los cuales han sido declarados reserva estadística por parte del Gobierno de Colombia.
El marco conceptual del sistema nacional de innovación y las economías menos desarrolladas
Authors: Vega Armenta Ancelmo José
Published: December 2015

El fenómeno de la innovación en los países de menor desarrollo industrial es un tema difícil desde el punto de vista del tratamiento analítico y en relación con la formulación de políticas públicas para su promoción. En ambos casos se identifica un sesgo en favor del estudio de los fenómenos de transferencia y difusión tecnológica generados en las economías industrializadas, que se recibe pasivamente en los menos industrializados, en detrimento del interés analítico por otros temas significativos, entre ellos la manera como las economías de menor desarrollo industrial tienen la habilidad para generar, apropiar y usar conocimiento con fines productivos. En este artículo se discute qué tan adecuada es la teoría del Sistema Nacional de Innovación (NSI, por sus siglas en inglés) como un marco conceptual y metodológico, en la perspectiva neo-schumpeteriana y evolucionista, para el estudio de la innovación en el contexto de los países de menor desarrollo industrial. La innovación real en estos países presenta como características sobresalientes la debilidad de las relaciones entre los agentes en el sistema económico y, por supuesto, bajas capacidades tecnológicas y de aprendizaje productivo. En la primera parte del artículo se discuten los principales elementos involucrados en la teoría del NSI, sus principales implicaciones y limitaciones. Seguidamente, en la segunda parte, se discuten las relaciones entre las estructuras micro-meso-macro como elemento central del marco analítico y, especialmente, metodológico, en el tratamiento del papel de las instituciones como componentes del NSI, y determinantes del desempeño innovador en las economías de menor desarrollo industrial. Finalmente, en la tercera parte, se discuten algunas implicaciones relacionadas con la aplicación de este marco conceptual y metodológico en el estudio del desempeño institucional e innovador empresarial en estas economías
Reflexiones en torno a la autonomía tributaria de las entidades territoriales, en el contexto del Estado Social de
Authors: Ochoa Maldonado Ómar Alfonso
Published: December 2015

Uno de los cambios de mayor trascendencia que se consagró en la Constitución Política de 1991, fue el reconocimiento de ciertos niveles de autonomía en determinadas materias a las entidades territoriales, en procura de materializar el postulado de la descentralización administrativa como característica del modelo de Estado. Una de esas esferas, en las que el Constituyente quiso que las entidades territoriales gozaran de un margen de autonomía en el ámbito de su jurisdicción, fue en temas de talante tributario, resaltándose que para el efecto, este tipo de entidades están facultadas para decretar imposiciones tributarias, las cuales deben haber sido creadas o autorizadas previamente por el legislador en el ámbito nacional. El propósito palmario de este trabajo, es auscultar la naturaleza y alcance de la citada autonomía fiscal de las entidades territoriales, en el contexto del Estado Social de Derecho, como modelo jurídico político prohijado por el Constituyente y las repercusiones de esa relación simbiótica centro-periferia, en el devenir fiscal del Estado, frente al proceso de descentralización administrativa y la profundización de la democracia participativa, apelando para ello a la producción jurisprudencial generada en la materia.
Epísteme de la economía: una aproximación desde la economía social
Authors: Martínez Becerra Carlos Julio
Published: December 2015

La actual crisis de la economía afecta de manera especial a los países del primer mundo, genera inquietudes en todos los sectores y con mayor énfasis en aquellos responsables de la formación científica en economía. Hace poco tiempo un grupo de estudiantes de la cátedra Introducción a la Economía de la Universidad de Harvard se resistió a recibir clase del famoso economista Gregory Mankiw, exasesor del presidente George W. Bush y autor de uno de los manuales de macroeconomía utilizado en las mejores escuelas dentro y fuera de Estados Unidos, por considerar que los conocimientos impartidos no coadyuvan a la solución de los problemas económicos que afronta la humanidad. La fundamentación epistemológica de la economía social implica construir un escenario académico en el que la teoría económica sirve como soporte para abordar los problemas de la sociedad desde diversas líneas conceptuales, en particular, el realismo, el idealismo deductivista empírico y el inductivo con énfasis en el humanismo, principio orientador de la economía al servicio del hombre.
Una mirada al Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación y las ciencias sociales en Colombia, algunos elementos claves para su reflexión
Authors: Barrantes Reyes Angélica
Published: December 2015

En Colombia, desde hace varios años, Colciencias ha impulsado la reflexión e investigación en ciencias sociales y humanas, de tal manera que hoy tenemos un valioso acumulado en términos de su conocimiento. Buena parte de la comunidad, de la institucionalidad, del conocimiento que se ha venido fortaleciendo a lo largo de los años de apoyo se encuentra disperso y, como conjunto de producción de saber, desconocemos qué tanto responde a procesos de investigación, de sistematización o de reflexión, y qué propósitos, en qué circunstancias o con qué perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas se ha llevado a cabo. De igual forma, desconocemos de manera sistemática si este conocimiento ha respondido a las necesidades del país en el marco de los principales procesos sociohistóricos. En este sentido, consideramos que “un análisis de la situación de la institucionalidad de las ciencias sociales y humanas. El caso colombiano”1 es una herramienta importante, tanto para las instituciones académicas como para aquellos organismos encargados de formular políticas e implementar programas de desarrollo de ciencia y tecnología, para este caso Colciencias, pues contarían con un análisis sistemático sobre la situación actual de Colombia en esta materia. Esto permitiría claridad y argumentación para tomar decisiones sobre necesidades de investigación, perspectivas y enfoques de dicho programa, la orientación general de la articulación entre los distintos actores del Sistema Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología y para la formulación de disposiciones y políticas acordes con las realidades del país. Adicionalmente, el estado del arte es una herramienta vital para académicos interesados en seguir una línea de reflexión sobre los medios y para las instituciones que forman profesionales en pregrado y posgrado. Por eso, el presente artículo pretende realizar un diagnóstico de la situación, la institucionalidad y de la comunidad de ciencias sociales en Colombia como insumo para la elaboración del Plan Estratégico del Programa Nacional de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas.
Los conflictos alrededor del “cambio institucional” petrolero venezolano entre 1936 y 1943
Authors: Veloza Fabio Maldonado-
Published: December 2015

Los ministros Néstor Luis Pérez (1936-1938) y Manuel Rafael  Egaña  (1938-1941 y 1949) en el gobierno de López Contreras (1936-1941) hicieron importantes contribuciones al desarrollo del marco institucional petrolero después de muerte de Gómez en diciembre de 1935. La gestión de estos ministros tuvo que enfrentar las demandas que las compañías petroleras internacionales ejercieron en bloque contra la Nación des- de 1937 a raíz de la promulgación de la Ley sobre Hidrocarburos y demás Minerales Combustibles de 1936. Con esa ley, el Estado intentó suprimir la exoneración de dere- cho de importación a las concesiones anteriores a esta. A pesar de que la Nación perdió todas las demandas entre 1938 y 1941, Pérez y Egaña lograron encontrar los mecanis- mos adecuados para compensar esas derrotas jurídicas formales. Con esos mecanismos informales, lograron promocionar los éxitos que desesperadamente necesitaba el Estado venezolano para configurar el cambio institucional que el país estaba pidiendo en cuan- to a obligar a las compañías internacionales a someterse a un régimen de impuestos no específicamente petroleros (derechos de importación). Aquí se examina ese proceso que allanó el camino para el espectacular éxito de la posterior Ley de Hidrocarburos de 1943 desde el enfoque neo institucional de Douglass North.
Racionalidad incompleta: una nueva forma de analizar las crisis económicas
Authors: Segura Camilo Fabiam Gómez , Losada Oscar Hernán Cerquera , Yacue Cristian Felipe Orjuela
Published: December 2015

Las crisis económicas se caracterizan por estar relacionadas con los procesos de toma de decisión, sin embargo las fallas de coordinación e información de los mercados generan perturbaciones que causan un gran impacto en las variables macroeconómicas agregadas y por ende en el bienestar social. Debido a estos fenómenos es relevante cuestio- narse y tratar de validar si los agentes económicos todavía tienen ese comportamiento óptimo y maximizador,  en donde sus percepciones y expectativas  están determinadas por las características y propiedades del entorno, o ¿acaso existen factores que influyen en el procesamiento de la información o en el ambiente en que se generan la toma de decisiones?
La delincuencia sexual: Un análisis jurídico y socio-criminológico
Authors: Peña Aura Elena , Castillo Meiby Estefanía
Published: December 2015

En el ámbito jurídico, social y criminológico el tema de la delincuencia es de perentorio abordaje en todas sus dimensiones y tipos, al constituir actos que no se corresponden con la legislación que regula a la sociedad. Concretamente, la delincuencia sexual desde el punto de vista socio-crimonológico constituye un problema inminente en la comuni- dad y que reclama estrategias para su atenuación, las cuales surgen del mismo proceso de la investigación. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la delincuencia sexual desde una perspectiva jurídica y socio-criminológica, con base en su significado, psicopatía, tipología, factores determinantes de las conductas sexuales de tipo desviada, sus consecuencias y la contribución de la criminología en su prevención. La metodología utilizada responde a un paradigma de naturaleza cualitativa,  acudiendo a la hermenéutica como técnica de análisis e interpretación del contenido de textos, leyes y artículos científicos en materia de delincuencia. La principal conclusión es que el significado jurídico de la de- lincuencia sexual tiene un contenido diferenciador con respecto al socio-criminológico, por cuanto el primero se orienta hacia la determinación de lo punible, es decir, todo acto contra los bienes, costumbres y el buen orden de la familia, a los cuales se les asigna un castigo de naturaleza penal y, el segundo, se dirige hacia la determinación del delito asociado a la criminalidad sexual, como problema social y comunitario, el cual debe encontrar fórmulas de solución en las normas positivas.
La demanda de dinero y las innovaciones financieras en Venezuela: equilibrio de largo plazo
Authors: Zerpa Armando Rodríguez , Mora José U. Mora
Published: December 2015

Dado que los resultados obtenidos en la literatura no muestran consenso sobre el im- pacto de las innovaciones financieras en la demanda de dinero, este trabajo investiga sobre la estabilidad de la demanda de dinero de largo plazo en Venezuela en presencia de innovaciones financieras durante el periodo: 1984Q1- 2008Q4 mediante un análisis de cointegración. Para ello, se construye la razón circulante/depósitos (CD) y una varia- ble ratchet (RCD), a partir de la anterior, a objeto de medir el efecto de las innovaciones financieras. La evidencia empírica revela que existe una relación de equilibrio de largo plazo entre el logaritmo de los saldos reales, el logaritmo del nivel del ingreso real, la tasa de interés real, la tasa de inflación, la tasa de depreciación de la moneda local, y las innovaciones financieras, pudiendo interpretarse esta relación como una demanda dine- ro. Esto sugiere que cuando se introducen nuevos instrumentos financieros, se produce una disminución en la demanda de saldos reales, lo cual induce a pensar que los agentes económicos realizan  una reasignación  de sus recursos que afecta la composición del portafolio, y por tanto, la demanda de dinero, siendo este evento muy propio de econo- mías caracterizadas por elevadas y persistentes tasas de inflación, problemas de balanza de pagos, inestabilidad en el mercado cambiario e incertidumbre económica y política.
Estado, planificación y cambio institucional en Venezuela (1936-1941)
Authors: De Delgado Luz Marina Rondón , De Medina Virginia Rondón
Published: December 2015

En el presente trabajo  se muestra que el Sistema Nacional de Planificación de 1958 fue el resultado de un proceso que se inició con el ascenso al poder de Eleazar López Contreras en 1936. Así, durante su gobierno, concurrieron acciones ejecutadas por el Estado que teóricamente han sido definidas como facilitadoras de los objetivos de la planificación: Un diagnóstico y un conjunto de políticas presentados en el Programa de Febrero de 1936, y un plan de acción con su respectivo presupuesto, propuesto en el Plan Trienal de 1939. La contundencia de la intervención se plasmó en las distintas realizaciones, tantos institucionales como materiales, que llevaron a Venezuela a la mo- dernización. El estudio se desarrolla siguiendo el enfoque neoinstitucional de Douglass North.
¿Futuro limitado de la integración latinoamericana para impulsar el desarrollo?
Authors: Roldán Ignacio Gómez , Norato Olga García
Published: December 2015

El fortalecimiento de los procesos de integración económica estimula el desarrollo de los mercados latinoamericanos, con lo que contribuye a la construcción de la política económica que fortalece la industrialización. El propósito del presente documento es analizar los criterios tenidos en cuenta para la industrialización de los países latinoame- ricanos y el papel de la integración latinoamericana con miras a identificar sus efectos reales en su desarrollo. La metodología consiste en una revisión bibliográfica que pone de relieve el papel y el contexto de los procesos de integración, y sus efectos esperados en las últimas décadas. Para ello, se revisan los siguientes aspectos: argumentos tradicionales de política para impulsar el desarrollo; integración económica como mecanismo de la política comercial favorecedora del progreso; cambios inesperados en el sector petrolero mundial; industrialización por sustitución de importaciones; revisión del mercado interno de las regiones; la des-industrialización al implantar ideas neoliberales, y el aumento de los acuerdos de libre comercio que profundizan la apertura y la globalización, con el propósito de ampliar los mercados, pero que estrangulan procesos de integración y vaticinan la muerte de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN). Entre los hallazgos más relevantes de esta reflexión, está el papel secundario e irrelevante que ha cobrado el proceso de integración de la CAN, habida cuenta de que las negociaciones bilaterales (con Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea) y otros tratados condujeron a mayor vulnerabilidad de las subregiones. Los países latinoamericanos se desprotegieron ante los países que consideraban como amenazas sus procesos de industrialización y desarrollo. Esto favoreció el aumento de las importaciones de bienes industriales a la vez que se han dado procesos de desindustrialización.