bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STEM-CP Modul Based Science to Improve Student Independence and Learning Outcomes in Junior High School Science Learning
Authors: Sutarto  , Indrawati  , Wicaksono Iwan
Published: May 2023

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Contextual Problem (STEM-CP) canbe used as a basis for the development of models and media forscience learning whose theoreticaldiscussion and application of science in enabling technology can be created and developed by students. STEM-CP basedscience modules meet validity and practicality. Independent learning as a personal characteristic of students who havecharacteristics that are responsible and active in the learning process. Both interact with each other and are also influencedbythesocialenvironmentintheformofthe rolesandpoliciesoftheorganizinginstitutions.Thisresearchis development research designed to produce a valid, practical, and effective module model product to increase independenceand learning outcomes. The research design used is 4-D or: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The time forresearch to disseminate STEM-CP Based Science Modules to Improve Student Independence and Learning Outcomes inJunior High School Science Learning is planned for 10 months effective starting when research must be carried out. Theresearch location is set around the Besuki Residency. The research subjects were 4 high school students in 3 classes eacharoundtheformerBesukiResidency. Modul STEM-CP telahmemenuhikepraktisanmeliputi: responsiswa yang positifsebesar 72,91% dan keterlaksanaanmodulpembelajaran 97,56%. SelainituModul STEM-CP telahmemenuhikepraktisanmeliputi: kemandirianbelajarsebesar 95,7% dan teshasilbelajardenganNgainsebesar 0,69 dengankategorisedang.
Non-Wood Forest Products: History and State in Circular-Bioeconomy of Bulgaria
Authors: Stoyanov Todor
Published: May 2023

This work examine the inclusion of NWFR and their role in the country's economy.

Data from the annual reports of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food (MAF) and the Forestry Executive Agency (FEA), from the National Statistical Institute (NSI), statistics from the UN (Comtrade), from Eurostat and other sources of information (scientific studies, FAO publications, etc.) are used.

In Bulgaria, the organized collection and use of NWFP has been a livelihood for many people for more than a century. Тhe paper analyzed utilization of the most important NWFP harvested from the forests in the period 2001-2022 and their participation in the national and international trades.

The brief review of the state and trends in the use of NWFP shows that   Bulgaria there is a tendency of a permanent decrease in the use and income from NWFP in forestry during the period 2001 - 2022.

At the same time there are significant reserves of unused NWFR, which indicates that there is a great opportunity to expand the use of NWFR and to increase the income of the forestry enterprises.

Considering the potential and problems of the forest sector in Bulgaria, it is clear that the domestic demand and international markets of some NWFP (medicinal plants, wild mushrooms, some kinds of forest fruits, etc.) represent a significant opportunity for the forest bioeconomy and offer a chance for improving the supply of NWFP and supporting income generation in rural areas.

The production of advanced products and materials on a biological basis with high value and the utilization of the hidden potential of NWFP represent key opportunities for the development of the bioeconomy in Bulgaria.
Stakeholder Perspectives on Minimum Clinically Important Difference and Noninferiority Margin for Hospital-Free Days to Assess Interventions
Authors: Auriemma Catherine L. , Butt Maayra I. , Silvestri Jasmine A. , Halpern Scott D. , Courtright Katherine R.
Published: May 2023

This survey study examined perceptions of patients, caregivers and health care professionals on the number of hospital-free days required for detection of a minimum clinically important difference or noninferiority margin of new interventions.
Multidimensional Sleep Health Prior to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Risk of Post–COVID-19 Condition
Authors: Wang Siwen , Huang Tianyi , Weisskopf Marc G. , Kang Jae H. , Chavarro Jorge E. , Roberts Andrea L.
Published: May 2023

Importance

The association of multiple healthy sleep dimensions with post–COVID-19 condition (PCC), also known as long COVID, has not been investigated.

Objective

To examine whether multidimensional sleep health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection, was associated with the risk of PCC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study (2015-2021) included Nurses’ Health Study II participants who reported testing positive (n = 2303) for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a substudy series of COVID-19–related surveys (n = 32 249) between April 2020 and November 2021. After exclusion for incomplete information about sleep health and nonresponse to a question about PCC, 1979 women were included in the analysis.

Exposures

Sleep health was measured both before (June 1, 2015, to May 31, 2017) and early (April 1 to August 31, 2020) in the COVID-19 pandemic. Prepandemic sleep score was defined according to 5 dimensions: morning chronotype (assessed in 2015), 7 to 8 hours of sleep per day, low insomnia symptoms, no snoring, and no frequent daytime dysfunction (all assessed in 2017). On the first COVID-19 substudy survey (returned between April and August 2020), average daily sleep duration and sleep quality for the past 7 days were queried.

Main Outcomes and Measures

SARS-CoV-2 infection and PCC (≥4 weeks of symptoms) were self-reported during 1 year of follow-up. Comparisons were examined between June 8, 2022, and January 9, 2023, using Poisson regression models.

Results

Of the 1979 participants reporting SARS-CoV-2 infection (mean [SD] age, 64.7 [4.6] years; 1979 [100%] female; and 1924 [97.2%] White vs 55 [2.8%] other races and ethnicities), 845 (42.7%) were frontline health care workers, and 870 (44.0%) developed PCC. Compared with women who had a prepandemic sleep score of 0 or 1 (least healthy), those who scored 5 (most healthy) had a 30% lower risk of developing PCC (multivariable-adjusted relative risk, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52-0.94; P for trend <.001). Associations did not differ by health care worker status. No or little daytime dysfunction prepandemic and good sleep quality during the pandemic were independently associated with a lower risk of PCC (relative risk, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.71-0.98] and 0.82 [95% CI, 0.69-0.99], respectively). Results were similar when PCC was defined as having 8 or more weeks of symptoms or as having ongoing symptoms at the time of PCC assessment.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings indicate that healthy sleep measured prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, may be protective against PCC. Future research should investigate whether interventions on sleep health may prevent PCC or improve PCC symptoms.
Tunable Negative Permittivity in Graphene/Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Composites with Low Percolation Threshold
Authors: Song Xiaoting , Shi Guangyue , Fan Guohua , Liu Yao , Fan Runhua
Published: May 2023

Recently, metamaterials with fascinating dielectric behavior have drawn much attention for their potential applications. Herein, percolating graphene/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (GR/PVDF) composites consisting of GR sheets homogeneously dispersed in PVDF matrix are fabricated via hot‐pressing method in 20 Hz–1 MHz frequency regions, of which simultaneously realizing negative permittivity with low percolation threshold. It is demonstrated that the negative permittivity of GR/PVDF composites is resulted from the low‐frequency plasma oscillation of free electrons, and a universal regulatory mechanism of the Drude model is analyzed. At the same time, rapid formative 3D GR conductive networks contributed to the low percolation threshold (7.78 wt%) of composites. Moreover, it is shown that electrical percolation occurs in samples as GR content exceeds percolation threshold, indicating a typical metal‐like behavior. In addition, the reactance is discussed according to the equivalent circuit analysis. This work constructed the metacomposites with low filler content, which is a benefit for practical applications in electromagnetic devices.
Precise Strain Tuning Boosts Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Guo Hongyu , Li Lu , Chen Yan , Zhang Wenshu , Shang Changshuai , Cao Xiaoqing , Li Menggang , Zhang Qinghua , Tan Hao , Nie Yan , Gu Lin , Guo Shaojun
Published: May 2023

Strain engineering has been utilized as an effective approach to regulate the binding of reaction intermediates and modify catalytic behavior on noble metal nanocatalysts. However, the continuous, precise control of strain for a depiction of strain‐activity correlation remains a challenge. Herein, Pd‐based nanooctahedrons coated with two Ir overlayers are constructed, and subject to different postsynthetic treatments to alter the amount of H intercalated into Pd core for achieving three different surface strains (o‐Pd/Ir‐1.2%, o‐Pd/Ir‐1.7%, and o‐Pd/Ir‐2.1% NPs). It is demonstrated that the catalytic performances of o‐Pd/Ir NPs display a volcano‐shaped curve against strains toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Specifically, o‐Pd/Ir‐1.7% NPs exhibit superior catalytic performance with a mass activity of 9.38 A mgIr−1 at −0.02 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, 10.8‐ and 18.8‐fold higher than those of commercial Pt/C and Ir/C, respectively, making it one of the most active HER electrocatalysts reported to date. Density function theory calculations verify that the moderate tensile strain on Ir(111) surfaces plays a pivotal role in optimizing the H binding energy. This work highlights a new strategy for precise control over the surface strain of nanocrystals for more efficient electrocatalysis.
Collagen Fibril Orientation Instructs Fibroblast Differentiation Via Cell Contractility
Authors: Sapudom Jiranuwat , Karaman Shaza , Quartey Brian Chesney , Mohamed Walaa Kamal Eldin , Mahtani Nick , Garcia‐Sabaté Anna , Teo Jeremy
Published: May 2023

Collagen alignment is one of the key microarchitectural signatures of many pathological conditions, including scarring and fibrosis. Investigating how collagen alignment modulates cellular functions will pave the way for understanding tissue scarring and regeneration and new therapeutic strategies. However, current approaches for the fabrication of three‐dimensional (3D) aligned collagen matrices are low‐throughput and require special devices. To overcome these limitations, a simple approach to reconstitute homogeneous 3D collagen matrices with adjustable degree of fibril alignment using 3D printed inclined surfaces is developed. By characterizing the mechanical properties of reconstituted matrices, it is found that the elastic modulus of collagen matrices is enhanced with an increase in the alignment degree. The reconstituted matrices are used to study fibroblast behavior to reveal the progression of scar formation where a gradual enhancement of collagen alignment can be observed. It is found that matrices with aligned fibrils trigger fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts via cell contractility, while collagen stiffening through a crosslinker does not. The results suggest the impact of collagen fibril organization on the regulation of fibroblast differentiation. Overall, this approach to reconstitute 3D collagen matrices with fibril alignment opens opportunities for biomimetic pathological‐relevant tissue in vitro, which can be applied for other biomedical research.
Naloxone training and availability in the US commercial fishing industry
Authors: Bellantoni Jenna M. , Bulzacchelli Maria T. , Orchard Dan , Sulman Heidi Bruggink , Bartlett J. J. , Dzugan Jerry
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Workers in physically demanding jobs with high injury rates, long hours, productivity pressures, and lack of job security, such as commercial fishing, are at higher risk for substance use and misuse. In the United States, the federal government is urging employers to consider having naloxone available to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose, especially in workplaces. This study examined naloxone training, naloxone availability, and level of concern over substance use in commercial fishing.

Methods

As part of a larger study of commercial fishing vessel captains, we asked participants how worried they are about various potential problems, including substance use by crew members, using a five‐point scale. We also asked whether they had completed naloxone training and whether their vessel was equipped with naloxone.

Results

Of the 61 vessel captains who participated, 10 had naloxone training. Most were “not at all worried” about a crew member misusing alcohol (n = 52; 85.2%), a crew member using marijuana (n = 50; 82.0%), a crew member using other drugs (n = 49; 80.3%), or a crew member having a drug overdose (n = 52; 86.7%). Only five fishing vessels were equipped with naloxone.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that few fishing vessels are equipped with naloxone or have captains trained in its use. Fishing captains tend not to be worried about substance use in their crew. Given the higher rate of overdose deaths in the fishing industry compared to other industries, having more vessels equipped with naloxone and captains trained to administer it could save lives.
Neurodevelopmental and other psychiatric disorders in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome from childhood to adult age: Prospective longitudinal study of 100 individuals
Authors: Wallin Lena , Gillberg Christopher , Fernell Elisabeth , Gillberg Carina , Billstedt Eva
Published: May 2023

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), affects physical as well as cognitive and emotional functioning with increased risk for psychiatric and behavioral problems. This longitudinal study of 79 individuals (18–50 years) with 22q11.2DS investigated neurodevelopmental (NDD) and psychiatric disorders in adulthood, evaluated the stability of childhood diagnoses over time, and examined associations between clinical characteristics in childhood/adolescence and diagnostic outcome in adult age. Examination using validated instruments for cognitive, psychiatric, and global functional problems in the context of an in‐depth clinical evaluation found adult age stability of NDD diagnoses made in childhood, however, rates increased at follow‐up. Rates of anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders were high, with a majority meeting diagnostic criteria for one or more psychiatric disorder. The rate of psychotic disorders was much lower compared to many other studies. Variability in functioning at follow‐up was primarily associated with intellectual ability at T1. The findings obtained highlight the increased risk of NDD and psychiatric problems and of cognitive impairment and reduced levels of global functioning over time. Results emphasize the importance of clinical follow‐up to enable appropriate support for the promotion of optimal health along with a need for future research on effective interventions and treatment strategies.
β‐Arylation of Racemic Secondary Benzylic Alcohols to Access Enantioenriched β‐Arylated Alcohols
Authors: Miao Wang , Zhang Jinyu , Yang Yanyan , Tang Weijun , Xue Dong , Xiao Jianliang , Sun Huaming , Wang Chao
Published: May 2023

The transformation of alcohols into value‐added products is of great importance, as simple alcohols are widespread and can be easily derived from both fossil fuels and biomass. The selective functionalization of a sp3 C−H bond on the alkyl side chain of an alcohol over its hydroxyl group would offer an expedient route to expand the chemical space of alcohols but it remains a challenging task. Harnessing the borrowing hydrogen strategy, the β‐arylation of secondary alcohols with aryl bromides has been achieved in this study, which allows for the selective functionalization of a β‐Csp3−H bond in an alcohol substrate. Under the catalysis of a Pd complex, secondary alcohols reacted with aryl bromides to afford 1,2‐diaryl alcohols with broad substrate scope in the presence of a ketone additive. Furthermore, the enantioconvergent version of the reaction has also been realized, transforming racemic secondary alcohols into enantioenriched chiral 1,2‐diaryl alcohols under the cooperative Pd and Ru catalysis. Mechanism studies indicate that the reactions are enabled by borrowing hydrogen catalysis.
An Asynchronous Concerted Mechanism and Its Origin in Lewis Acid‐Mediated Carbonyl‐Olefin [2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Li Yan‐Yu , Zhang Shuo‐Qing , Hong Xin
Published: May 2023

The concerted mechanism of thermal BBr3‐mediated [2+2] carbonyl‐olefin cycloaddition is intriguing considering the conflict against the Woodward–Hoffmann rule. In this work, we report a mechanistic study of the titled reaction using density functional theory calculations. The concerted [2+2] cycloaddition mechanism is operative even for the truncated model system of 2‐methyl‐2‐butene and butanone. Intrinsic reaction coordinate analysis and potential surface mapping showed the asynchronous nature of the apparent concerted [2+2] cycloaddition, resulting from the proximity of carbocation‐oxyanion in the transient zwitterionic structure. Solvent effects can change the reaction to a stepwise mechanism, highlighting the importance of zwitterion stability. Building upon this finding of the asynchronous concerted or stepwise [2+2] cycloaddition mechanism, two mechanistic classifications were elaborated based on substrates containing varied substituents and Lewis acids, with a focus on manipulating the stability of positive carbocation and negative oxyanion in the transient zwitterionic species.
Parameter self‐learning feedforward compensation‐based active disturbance rejection for path‐following control of self‐driving forklift trucks
Authors: Xie Hui , Li Longqing , Song Xiaojing , Xue Wenchao , Song Kang
Published: May 2023

In this paper, for self‐driving forklift, a path‐following framework based on composite disturbance rejection that combines a cascaded active disturbance rejection controller and an online estimator of model parameters is proposed on the basis of a geometry feedforward controller. The model‐based cascaded active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), in particular, is composed of an outer‐loop controller and an inner‐loop controller, with the outer‐loop controller reducing lateral error by manipulating the desired heading direction and the inner‐loop controller achieving heading control by adjusting the steering angle. The unmodeled dynamics of the actual forklift motion are denoted as total disturbances, which can be timely estimated by the extended state observer (ESO). Moreover, to increase the transient response, a parameter self‐learning based geometry feedforward controller is designed in conjunction with the forklift characteristics. The stability analysis is presented and the effectiveness of the composite algorithm is quantitatively evaluated in experiments, demonstrating the superiority over the conventional pure pursuit algorithm and the only use of ADRC.
Promotion of degradative autophagy by 6‐bromoindirubin‐3′‐oxime attenuates neuropathy
Authors: Jaiswar Praveen , Bhate Mitali , Surolia Avadhesha
Published: May 2023

Damage to the central or peripheral nervous system causes neuropathic pain. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a role in peripheral neuropathy. Increase in ER stress is seen in diabetic neuropathy. Inducers of ER stress also give rise to peripheral neuropathy. ER stress leads to the formation of autophagosome but as their degradation is also stalled during ER stress accumulation of autophagosomes is seen. Accumulation of autophagosomes has deleterious effects on cells. In the present study, we show that treatment with tunicamycin (TM) (ER stress inducer) in mice leads to peripheral neuropathy as assessed by Von Frey and Hot plate method. Administration of a promoter of autophagy viz. 6‐bromoindirubin‐3′‐oxime (6‐BIO) subsequent to ER stress induced by TM exhibits a decrease in peripheral neuropathy. 6‐BIO was also effective in reducing diabetic peripheral neuropathy. To understand the type of autophagy activated, SH‐SY5Y cells were treated with 6‐BIO after TM treatment. Levels of cathepsin D (CTSD), a marker for degradative autophagy was higher in cells treated with 6‐BIO after TM treatment compared to only TM‐treated SH‐SY5Y cells while levels of Rab8A,—a marker for secretory autophagy was reduced. Furthermore, in parallel during ER stress secretory, we noted increased levels of lysozyme in autophagosomes destined for secretion. Cells treated with 6‐BIO showed reduction of lysozyme in secretory autophagosomes. This shows that 6‐BIO increased degradative autophagy and reduced the secretory autophagy. 6‐BIO also reduced the caspase‐3 activity in 6‐BIO‐treated cells. Thus, 6‐BIO reduced neuropathy in animals by activating degradative autophagy and reducing the secretory autophagy.
How does board interlock network matter for sustainability? A social learning approach to corporate environmental performance
Authors: Zhao Yi , Lee Jegoo
Published: May 2023

The study proposes a social learning perspective for corporate environmental performance (CEP), drawing on the social network approach. We examine how a firm's board interlock connections affect its CEP through direct and indirect social learning processes. Moreover, we argue that a firm's board interlock ties to other well‐connected firms amplify the effects of social learning on CEP. Empirical analyses with a unique dataset of the S&P 1500 firms support our hypotheses. This research clarifies the network mechanisms underlying the firms' social learning on environmental performance. We also provide practical implications about boards as a reservoir for firms' learning of environmentally beneficial activities in inter‐corporate networks.
Highly textured and crystalline materials for rechargeable Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Choi Min‐Ju , Baek Ji Hyun , Kim Jae Young , Jang Ho Won
Published: May 2023

To build an environment‐friendly energy‐based society, it is important to develop stable and high‐performance batteries as an energy storage system. However, there are still unresolved challenges associated with safety issues, slow kinetics, and lifetime. To overcome these problems, it is essential to understand the battery systems including cathode, electrolyte, and anode. Using a well‐controlled material system such as epitaxial films, textured films, and single crystals can be a powerful strategy to investigate the relationship between microstructural and electrochemical properties. In this review, we discuss the need for research with well‐controlled materials system and recent progress in the well‐controlled cathode, solid‐state‐electrolyte, and anode materials for Li‐ion batteries. Enhanced stability and electrochemical performance due to the facilitation of prolonged and endured Li‐ion transport in facet‐controlled battery materials are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and future directions utilizing the well‐controlled battery system for high‐performance battery are proposed.
Utilizing induced neural stem cell‐based delivery of a cytokine cocktail to enhance chimeric antigen receptor‐modified T‐cell therapy for brain cancer
Authors: Woodell Alex S. , Landoni Elisa , Valdivia Alain , Buckley Andrew , Ogunnaike Edikan A. , Dotti Gianpietro , Hingtgen Shawn D.
Published: May 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐modified T‐cell therapy has shown enormous clinical promise against blood cancers, yet efficacy against solid tumors remains a challenge. Here, we investigated the potential of a new combination cell therapy, where tumor‐homing induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) are used to enhance CAR‐T‐cell therapy and achieve efficacious suppression of brain tumors. Using in vitro and in vivo migration assays, we found iNSC‐secreted RANTES/IL‐15 increased CAR‐T‐cell migration sixfold and expansion threefold, resulting in greater antitumor activity in a glioblastoma (GBM) tumor model. Furthermore, multimodal imaging showed iNSC delivery of RANTES/IL‐15 in combination with intravenous administration of CAR‐T cells reduced established orthotopic GBM xenografts 2538‐fold within the first week, followed by durable tumor remission through 60 days post‐treatment. By contrast, CAR‐T‐cell therapy alone only partially controlled tumor growth, with a median survival of only 19 days. Together, these studies demonstrate the potential of combined cell therapy platforms to improve the efficacy of CAR‐T‐cell therapy for brain tumors.
3D scanning digital models for virtual museums
Authors: Barszcz Marcin , Dziedzic Krzysztof , Skublewska‐Paszkowska Maria , Powroznik Pawel
Published: May 2023

A great number of virtual museums exhibit archaeological artifacts in an interactive form using 3D digital models to disseminate them to as many users as possible. Currently, 3D models obtained as a result of scanning museum objects have gained a great popularity. This technique allows to faithfully reproduce objects and to expose artifacts too delicate and precious to be presented in the real world. The aim of this article is to create a virtual museum in the VR world using 3D models obtained by 3D scanning with structured light. The advantages of optimizing mesh models for their use in virtual exhibitions are discussed. Unity and Unreal Engine, were used to create virtual museums in the VR world. Two twin test applications were prepared. This allowed to compare the performance of the developed applications (processor, graphics card, and RAM load). A survey was also conducted among the users of the implemented virtual museum application. For immersion in the world of VR, a low‐cost solution was used, involving the use of cheap VR frames, a smartphone, and a computer. The frames together with the smartphone were used to display the image, while the entire rendering process was performed on the computer.
A case of MDS/MPN overlap syndrome with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis: Tackling the quandary of thrombosis versus hemorrhage
Authors: Cherniawsky Hannah , Razavi Habib Moshref
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

No formal treatment guidelines for MDS/MPN‐RS‐T exist. With salient features such as anemia and thrombocytosis, management is individualized and aims to address anemia, thrombosis, and in some cases acquired von Willebrand's disease.

Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative overlap syndrome with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN‐RS‐T) is a rare myeloid neoplasm showing myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative features. With extremely raised platelets, possibility of acquired von Willebrand and risk of hemorrhage is increased. With this quandary in mind, a descriptive case and a brief discussion of available treatments ensues.
Synchronous mixed medullary‐papillary carcinoma and papillary multifocal carcinoma of the thyroid with cervical lymph node metastases
Authors: Lalanda Raquel , Aparício David , Boavida João , Presa Dolores Lopes , Batista Lucas , Miranda Luís
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

The occurrence of simultaneous multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma and mixed medullary‐papillary carcinoma, as far as we know, has not been previously described. We suggest the surgical approach to be driven by the medullary component.

Patient underwent total thyroidectomy with central compartment lymph node dissection. Histological examination revealed a simultaneous multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma and mixed medullary‐papillary carcinoma. He was disease‐free at 1‐year‐follow‐up.
Application of Prussian Blue Analogue‐Derived Mn−Co Catalysts in the Hydrogenation of CO to Higher Alcohols
Authors: Telaar Pascal , Schmidt Stefan , Diehl Patrick , Schwiderowski Philipp , Muhler Martin
Published: May 2023

MnxCo3‐x[Co(CN)6]2 Prussian blue analogues were synthesized with Mn : Co ratios in the range from 7 : 10 to 1 : 11 and pyrolyzed at 600 °C to obtain a highly nitrogen‐ and oxygen‐functionalized carbon matrix with embedded reduced Mn and Co species. These catalyst precursors were applied in the CO hydrogenation to higher alcohols at 260 °C and a pressure of 60 bar using a H2/CO ratio of 1. Metallic Co0 formed during pyrolysis was partially transformed into Co2C under reaction conditions. With increasing Co content CO conversion increased up to 10.6 % reaching a total alcohol selectivity of 19 %. Gas chromatograms revealed the expected formation of primary short‐chain alcohols, but also of secondary alcohols, acetic acid and propionaldehyde indicating olefin hydration, carbonylation and hydroformylation as reaction pathways, respectively. The obtained hydrocarbon fractions had a very high olefinicity, which is beneficial for both olefin hydration to secondary alcohols catalyzed by adsorbed carboxylic acids and for hydroformylation. Whereas the carbide‐based reaction pathway and the reductive hydroformylation are assumed to occur at the Co2C/Co0 interface, carbonylation is presumably catalyzed by an additional Co‐based active site. Thus, a unique class of multifunctional catalysts was obtained with highly promising properties bridging the gap between heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis.
Supported Catalyst (nBuCp)2ZrCl2 on Nano/Micro Domains for High Performance Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Moreno Ruiz Yolice Patricia , Moncada Edwin , Zimnoch dos Santos João H.
Published: May 2023

Silica‐based supports known as structured‐mixed supports were evaluated in ethylene polymerization. These supports exhibit local surface heterogeneity due to the in situ growth of nanoparticles under the surface. Standard (N) and hybrid (NTw and NPu) nanosilicas were synthesized by a sol gel method. The metallocene (nBuCp)2ZrCl2 catalyst was immobilized onto nanosilicas and onto the structured‐mixed support (MN, MNTw, and MNPu). The zirconocene active sites on the nanoparticles exhibited high activity (5,071 kg.mol Zr−1.h−1.bar−1 with NPu) using Pluronic® L‐31 (Pu). An excellent catalytic performance (10,777 kg.mol Zr−1.h−1.bar−1) was achieved when Zr was incorporated on a structured‐mixed support, and a polymer with high molecular weight (Mw up to 224 kg.mol−1), broad polydispersion (Mw. Mn−1=3.1), high melting temperature (Tm=142 °C), and crystallinity (Xc=76 %) was generated using Tween®80 (Tw). The results showed that support characteristics, such as a large surface area, surface fractal structure, functionalization of nanoparticles with Tw or Pu, and nano/microdomains, influenced the nature and distribution of active sites, leading to a robust catalytic system that is easily synthesized. Silica‐based nano/microparticles pretreated with Tween®80 are an adequate candidate for new catalytic supports for ethylene polymerization.
Insights on advanced substrates for controllable fabrication of photoanodes toward efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Hou Huilin , Shao Gang , Wang Yang , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Yang Weiyou
Published: May 2023

Conversion of solar energy into H2 by photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is recognized as an ideal way to address the growing energy crisis and environmental issues. In a typical PEC cell, the construction of photoanodes is crucial to guarantee the high efficiency and stability of PEC reactions, which fundamentally rely on rationally designed semiconductors (as the active materials) and substrates (as the current collectors). In this review work, we start with a brief introduction of the roles of substrates in the PEC process. Then, we provide a systematic overview of representative strategies for the controlled fabrication of photoanodes on rationally designed substrates, including conductive glass, metal, sapphire, silicon, silicon carbide, and flexible substrates. Finally, some prospects concerning the challenges and research directions in this area are proposed.
Anion Effects on Spin Crossover Systems: From Supramolecular Chemistry to Magnetism
Authors: Zhao Sheng‐Ze , Zhou Hua‐Wei , Qin Chun‐Yan , Zhang Hao‐Zhe , Li Yong‐Hua , Yamashita Masahiro , Wang Shi
Published: May 2023

The field of anion supramolecular chemistry has received more and more attention in recent years. Anions with diverse types and geometries have been widely used for the synthesis of ionic spin crossover (SCO) complexes. This review is devoted to anion effects on the molecular, supramolecular structures and magnetic properties of discrete SCO compounds. Firstly, typical anions used in the synthesis of these compounds are briefly summarized according to their various geometries. This is followed by a collection of representative examples of anion‐based SCO compounds, whose SCO properties are analyzed in terms of supramolecular interactions, geometry and charge of anions. In the third part, anion effects on SCO complexes of different kinds of metal centers and ligands are outlined and finally remarks on the synthesis new type of ionic SCO complexes in the future are described.
Identification of erythropoietin mimetic peptide 1 linear form in a sealed vial and its administration study in horses for doping control purpose
Authors: So Yat‐Ming , Wong Jenny K. Y. , Wong April S. Y. , Tse Alice T. L. , Wan Terence S. M. , Ho Emmie N. M.
Published: May 2023

The erythropoietin mimetic peptide 1 linear form (EMP1‐linear), GGTYSCHFGPLTWVCKPQGG‐NH2, was identified in an unknown preparation consisting of white crystalline powder contained in sealed glass vials using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC‐HRMS). The white crystalline powder, allegedly used for doping racehorses, was found to contain around 2% (w/w) of EMP1‐linear. EMP1‐linear can be cyclised in equine plasma at physiological temperature of 37°C by forming an intramolecular disulfide bond to give EMP1, which is a well‐known erythropoiesis stimulating agent that can bind to and activate the receptor for cytokine erythropoietin (EPO). Thus, EMP1‐linear is a prodrug of EMP1, which is a performance‐enhancing doping agent that can be misused in equine sports. In order to identify potential target(s) for detecting the misuse of EMP1‐linear in horses, an in vitro metabolic study using horse liver S9 fraction was performed. After incubation, EMP1‐linear mainly existed in its cyclic form as EMP1, and four N‐terminus truncated in vitro metabolites TYSCHFGPLTWVCKPQGG‐NH2 (M1), SCHFGPLTWVCKPQGG‐NH2 (M2), WVCKPQGG‐NH2 (M3) and VCKPQGG‐NH2 (M4) were identified. An intravenous administration study with the preparation of white crystalline powder containing EMP1‐linear was also conducted using three retired thoroughbred geldings. EMP1 was detectable only in the postadministration plasma samples, whereas the four identified in vitro metabolites were detected in both postadministration plasma and urine samples. For controlling the misuse of EMP1‐linear in horse, its metabolite M3 gave the longest detection time in both plasma and urine and could be detected for up to 4 and 27 h postadministration, respectively.
Diversity, seasonal abundance, and environmental drivers of chaetognath populations in North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina, USA
Authors: Stone Sarah E. , Stone Joshua P.
Published: May 2023

Chaetognaths (Phylum: Chaetognatha) are one of the most abundant phyla of zooplankton worldwide and play an important role in marine trophic interactions. Although the role of chaetognaths in global ecosystems is well understood, the spatial variation and environmental drivers of estuarine chaetognath populations is poorly understood. To provide the first known record of chaetognath species composition in a coastal estuary in the south‐eastern USA, chaetognaths were identified and quantified from zooplankton samples collected on a monthly basis in 2019 and 2020 from North Inlet Estuary in South Carolina. Parasagitta tenuis was the most abundant species of the five found, making up 33% of total abundance. The egg presence of these chaetognaths was further analyzed to gauge reproductive cycles. Abundance and egg presence were compared with surface and bottom measurements of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen levels to determine the driving abiotic factors behind chaetognath's seasonal variability and reproductive cycles. Temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen all had low (r < ±.29), non‐significant correlations with abundance. Chaetognath egg production was most significantly associated with dissolved oxygen (p < .001) and seasonal changes in temperature (p < .001). Our initial findings indicate the continued abundance of chaetognath in a local estuary are dependent on abiotic factors that are strongly influenced by a changing climate.
Development of a tool to predict the risk of incident heart failure in a general population: the HUNT for HF risk score
Authors: Ofstad Anne Pernille , Brunborg Cathrine , Johansen Odd Erik , Mørkedal Bjørn , Fagerland Morten W. , Laugsand Lars Erik , Gullestad Lars L. , Dalen Håvard
Published: May 2023

Aims

Currently, no incident heart failure (HF) risk score that is in regular use in a general population is available. We aimed to develop this and compare with existing HF risk scores.

Methods and results

Participants in the third wave (2006–08) of the population‐based Trøndelag Health Study 3 (HUNT3) were included if they reported no previous HF. Any hospital diagnoses captured during follow‐up (until the end of 2018) of HF, cardiomyopathy, or hypertensive heart disease were assessed by an experienced cardiologist. Valid HF events were defined as symptoms/signs of HF and objective evidence of structural/functional abnormality of the heart at rest. The model was compared with slightly modified HF risk scores (the Health Aging and Body Composition HF risk score, the Framingham HF risk score, the Pooled Cohort equations to Prevent HF risk score, and NORRISK 2). Among 36 511 participants (mean ± SD age of 57.9 ± 13.3 years, 55.4% female), with a mean follow‐up of 10.2 ± 1.3 years, 1366 developed HF (incidence rate of 3.66 per 1000 participant years). Out of the 38 relevant clinical variables assessed, we identified 12 (atrial fibrillation being the strongest) that independently predicted an HF event. The final model demonstrated good discrimination (C statistics = 0.904) and calibration, was stable in internal validation, and performed well compared with existing risk scores. The model identified that, at enrolment, 31 391 (86%), 2386 (7%), 1246 (3%), and 1488 (4%) had low, low‐intermediate, high‐intermediate, and high 10‐year HF risk, respectively.

Conclusions

Twelve clinical variables independently predicted 10‐year HF risk. The model may serve well as the foundation of a practical, online risk score for HF in general practice.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04648852.
Measuring industrial green total factor productivity in the context of the “two‐carbon” target: A case study of energy revolution reform pilot area, China
Authors: Xue Yaozu , Fan Jun , Wu Zhifang , Xu Jiaxin
Published: May 2023

Since the “double carbon” target was proposed in 2020, emissions reduction has become the focus of the Chinese government's work. Industrial development is a crucial factor contributing to the increase in carbon emissions. Therefore, implementing carbon reduction in the industrial sector is an important part of China's goal of “double carbon.” In this context, this paper uses a three‐stage data envelopment analysis model to calculate the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of 18 industry sectors in Shanxi Province. The results show that: (1) the external environment has influence on the GTFP of energy revolution reform pilot area industrial sectors, and the efficiency value of two industries is overestimated before excluding environmental factors; (2) the industry difference of GTFP is significant, among which pharmaceutical manufacturing industry has the greatest promoting effect on GTFP, and ferrous metal mining and dressing industry has the greatest inhibiting effect on GTFP; (3) there is a serious redundancy in R&D investment of energy revolution reform pilot area in China, and only six industries belong to zero redundancy. (4) To reflect the GTFP of various industrial sectors more clearly, this paper divides four industries: “Double‐high” industry, “High‐low” industry, “Low‐high” industry, and “Double‐low” industry.
Blockchain‐enhanced trust management for mobile edge computing‐enabled intelligent vehicular collaboration in the 6G era
Authors: Wang Xifeng , Zhu Hongsong , Xiao Han , Zhou Zan , Yang Shujie , Sun Limin
Published: May 2023

The rapid development and increasing popularity of mobile devices have facilitated the development of computation‐intensive applications and services, but their constrained compute, storage and battery capabilities have also created the requirements for optimized resource provision and service orchestration. Emerging mobile edge computing (MEC) and next‐generation networks (6G) can meet these requirements of mobile devices by migrating complex computing tasks and large volumes of data to edge servers with acceptable latency, thus effectively enhancing the quality of experience (QoE) of mobile users. Intelligent Vehicular Collaboration, as an intelligent mobile application or service in intelligent connected vehicle (ICV) applications, enables precise and effective driving decisions based on a large amount of real‐time traffic information statistics and intelligent analysis of vehicle status to improve the user driving experience and the efficiency of intelligent transportation systems(ITS). However, the openness and dynamics of wireless communications and the high frequency of information interaction of MEC‐enabled intelligent vehicular collaboration services in the 6G era make them highly vulnerable to cyber attacks. How to achieve dynamically trustworthy, secure, and intelligent vehicular collaboration services in the presence of malicious node access and cyber attacks in the 6G MEC‐enabled vehicular network is a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel blockchain‐enabled trust management mechanism to address this challenge. First, we design a spatiotemporal‐correlated message credibility assessment method and a dynamic mutual trust evaluation method to obtain accurate ratings for messages and mobile nodes respectively. Based on the above methods, we propose an improved blockchain‐based intelligent trust management mechanism that enables transparent, tamper‐evident, and trustworthy secure intelligent vehicular collaboration services while maintaining stable and efficient system performance. Simulation results show that our suggested solutions can efficiently evaluate the trust level of ICVs and achieve efficient and secure intelligent vehicular collaboration with acceptable communication and computation overheads.
Heat transport in magnetohydrodynamic physiological blood flow through a constricted artery
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Subrata , Mandal Mani Shankar
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we study how the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pulsatile flow of blood and heat transfer works through a constricted artery with a flexible wall. The human circulatory network consists of veins and arteries that sometimes contain constrictions, allowing the impact of the applied magnetic field on flow fields to be observed. The walls of the flowing medium are considered to be a function of time. The flowing blood is hypothesized as shear‐thinning fluid, emulating Yeleswarapu's viscosity replica. Additionally, we consider the energy equation to understand the impact of a magnetic field on heat transfer rates for such flows. The vorticity transport equation along with the stream function equation is obtained using the vorticity–stream function technique. Numerical solutions of the governing nonlinear MHD equations and energy equation in addition to physically pertinent flow conditions were achieved by adapting a finite difference scheme. Considerable attention has been paid to ensure an accurate comparison between the current and previous results. The two sets of numbers appear to match closely. For an even deeper understanding of the flow and heat transport process, the effects of height of stenosis and diverse physiological parameters on time‐averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), rate of heat transport, and so on are explored in depth through their graphical depiction. In the vicinity of the constriction, it is observed that the separation becomes longer with increasing constriction height. Higher magnetic force strength leads to a reduction in separation length. Newtonian fluids transfer heat more rapidly in their narrowing regions and downstream than fluids with non‐Newtonian behavior.
Phospholipase D2 targeted by miR‐5132‐5p alleviates cerulein‐induced acute pancreatitis via the Nrf2/NFκB pathway
Authors: Wu Hailong , Chen Hao , Zhou Rui
Published: May 2023

Background

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory process unexpectedly occurring in the pancreas, imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Herein, we aimed to clarify the mechanism of action of phospholipase D2 (PLD2) in cerulein‐treated AR42J cells, affording valuable insights into the treatment of AP.

Methods

The levels of PLD2, miR‐5132‐5p, inflammatory factors (interleukin [IL]−10, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α), caspase‐3 activity, and apoptosis‐related proteins (Bax and Bcl‐2) in cerulein‐treated AR42J cells were detected using reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain, caspase‐3 activity, and Western blot analysis. Protein levels of nuclear Factor erythroid 2‐Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor‐k‐gene binding (NF‐κB) were detected by Western blot analysis. TargetScan predicted upstream microRNAs (miRNAs) of PLD2, and the interaction between miR‐5132‐5p and PLD2 was verified using a luciferase assay.

Results

In cerulein‐treated AR42J cells, PLD2 levels were downregulated, while miR‐5132‐5p expression was upregulated. Overexpression of PLD2 attenuated the cerulein‐mediated facilitatory effect on inflammation and apoptosis in AR42J cells by regulating the Nrf2/NFκB pathway. Luciferase reporter analysis revealed that miR‐5132‐5p targeted PLD2, and miR‐5132‐5p negatively regulated PLD2. Upregulation of miR‐5132‐5p expression exacerbated inflammation and apoptosis and reversed the protective effect of PLD2 overexpression on AP.

Conclusion

PLD2 targeted by miR‐5132‐5p can attenuate cerulein‐induced AP in AR42J cells via the Nrf2/NFκB pathway, providing therapeutic targets for patients with AP.