bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The conversation on political issues on Twitter: an analysis of the participation and frames in the debate on the 'Wert law' and evictions in Spain
Authors: Pérez Díaz Pedro Luis , Berná Sicilia Celia , Arroyas Langa Enrique
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study is to determine which social agents are involved in the political debate on Twitter and whether the interpretive hegemony of actors that have traditionally been the most prominent is tempered by the challenge of framing shared with audiences. The relationship between the interpretations expressed and the profiles of participants is analyzed in comparison with the frames used by mainstream media. The chosen methodology combines content analysis and discourse analysis techniques on a sample of 1,504 relevant tweets posted on two political issues –the approval of the education law LOMCE and the evictions caused by the crisis, which have also been studied in the front pages of four leading newspapers in Spain. The results show a correlation between political issue singularities, frames and the type of discussion depending on the participants.
Propuesta para un viraje en el estudio de los medios en Las Márgenes
Authors: Rodríguez Clemencia , Romero Moreno Martha C.
Published: July 2016

Este artículo explora diferentes tipos de apropiación de tecnologías mediáticas en las márgenes y propone un cambio en el acercamiento investigativo en diferentes niveles: 1) en lugar de centrarse en tecnologías individuales, la investigación sobre medios en las márgenes debe examinar cómo los/as comunicadores locales se desenvuelven en ecologías mediáticas que ofrecen recursos y retos específicos en cada situación histórica; 2) en lugar de tratar de determinar si las tecnologías mediáticas usadas en las márgenes son nuevas u obsoletas, digitales o no, es urgente comprender cómo los/as comunicadores asentados en lo local detectan necesidades de información y comunicación específicas y usan las tecnologías disponibles para abordar tales necesidades; 3) la investigación sobre medios en las márgenes debe esclarecer cómo las/los protagonistas de este tipo de comunicación ciudadana y comunitaria reinventan, hibridan, reciclan y tienden lazos entre plataformas tecnológicas. En resumen, para entender las tecnologías mediáticas en las márgenes la investigación debe asumir altos niveles de complejidad, debe mantener la noción de ecologías mediáticas y entender cómo, a nivel local, comunicadores comunitarios profundamente inmersos en lo cotidiano e histórico, ajustan las tecnologías mediáticas a las necesidades de sus comunidades.
Airport Ground Operations Risks and Establishment of the Safety Indicators
Authors: Stojić Slobodan , Janáček Matouš
Published: July 2016

This paper brings a relatively new approach to air transport safety. This approach introduces the safety indicators whose application’s primer goal is to reduce the number of aviation safety events and to search for their causes. These causes are defined as factors contributing to safety event realisation. These are supposed to be adequately identified and then prevented or at least mitigated. Defined safety indicators are focused on airport processes and subjects.
Dynamic contact problem with thermal effect
Authors: Ogorzaly Justyna
Published: July 2016

We consider a model of a dynamic frictional contact between the body and the foundation. In this model the contact is bilateral. The behaviour of the material is described by the elastic-viscoplastic constitutive law with thermal effect. The variational formulation of this model leads to a system of two evolution hemivariational inequalities. The aim of this paper is to prove that this system of inequalities has a unique solution. The proof is based on the Banach fixed point theorem and some results for hemivariational inequalities.
The analogy generation game
Authors: Wobst H. Martin
Published: July 2016

I have grown increasingly allergic to arguments about analogies and origins in archaeology. Analogies are simply devices to stimulate the invention of ideas. The source of intuition is fairly irrelevant for the power of the ideas thus generated. The history of science is full of exciting hypotheses that had amusing sources, often far removed from the actual contexts to which the idea ultimately applied.
New Book Chronicle
Authors: Witcher Robert
Published: July 2016

It is understandable, perhaps inevitable, that archaeologists should be attracted to ideas of memory and of the ‘past in the past’. But other disciplines—anthropology, history, philosophy, sociology and beyond—also demonstrate a similar fascination. This wider attention has been diagnosed as symptomatic of late modernity. If so, what is the relevance and utility of memory for studies of the pre-modern past? In this NBC, we consider books that directly or indirectly explore this theme.
Back in business: history and evolution at the new Musée de l'Homme
Authors: Schlanger Nathan
Published: July 2016

The public will not allow us to deal exclusively with things that are facile, amusing, curious, bizarre, passé, things that present no danger, because they concern societies which are either extinct or remote from our own. The public wants studies with conclusions relevant for the present[. . .]let us not be weary of bringing[scientific]facts into the debate. And if our practical conclusions will turn out to be meagre and hardly topical? All the more reason for us to propagate them liberally and energetically.(Marcel Mauss 1927, cited in Schlanger 2006: 15)
‘Primordialism and the ‘Pleistocene San’ of southern Africa’: final reply
Authors: Pargeter Justin , MacKay Alex , Mitchell Peter , Shea John , Stewart Brian A.
Published: July 2016

We thank our colleagues for their insightful comments. The weight of modern evidence is against the notion that contemporary human cultures can be tracked backwards into the Pleistocene (e.g. Lee & DeVore 1976; Kuper 1988; Wilmsen 1989; Solway & Lee 1990; MacEachern 2000). Modern-day hunter-gatherers are not our Stone Age ancestors. Current protestations notwithstanding, the provocative title that d'Errico and colleagues (2012) chose for their paper, ‘Early evidence of San material culture represented by organic artifacts from Border Cave, South Africa’, unambiguously asserts the opposite. Our critique of that paper's content does not question the robusticity of the methods employed at Border Cave (for this, see Evans 2012). Rather, our comments focus on the theoretically flawed search for a specifically ‘San’ “cultural adaptation” (d'Erricoet al. 2012: 13214) atanyPleistocene archaeological site.
Outcome Measures for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Juvenile Justice Programs
Authors: Spiranovic Caroline , Cockburn Helen , Bartels Lorana , Julian Roberta
Published: July 2016

Recidivism is typically embraced as the sole or primary outcome measure of success for offender intervention programs. Focusing specifically on tertiary prevention approaches for juvenile offenders, this article firstly argues that there are significant limitations in using rates of recidivism as the primary outcome measure of program success. This article describes the Risk-Needs-Responsivity model and the Good Lives Model as examples of models which can be used to inform the selection of appropriate outcome measures for program evaluation. This article provides three examples of recent outcome evaluation studies which sought to determine the effectiveness of post-sentencing tertiary intervention programs for juvenile offenders using a broad range of indicators of success. Finally, this article suggests alternative outcome measures that might be usefully incorporated in future program design, as well as the monitoring and evaluation of existing programs.
The Legality of Depleted Uranium Munitions under International Humanitarian Law
Authors: Sypott Keith
Published: July 2016

This paper examines the legality of the use of depleted uranium munitions under international humanitarian law. It will do so by first providing an overview of the substance ‘depleted uranium’ and explaining how and why this substance is used in munitions. It explores the proliferation of these munitions and the armed conflicts in which they have been used. Following the overview of depleted uranium munitions, this paper explores the environmental and health consequences of the use of depleted uranium munitions in armed conflicts. Utilising this information, this paper considers the legality of depleted uranium munitions under international humanitarian law. Ultimately, this paper argues that although it is becoming increasingly clear that the use of depleted uranium munitions in armed conflicts may have environmental and health implications, depleted uranium munitions are nonetheless legal under international humanitarian law. Their use may, however, be restricted by the ‘precautionary principle’. This paper argues that a regulatory treaty should be developed in order to minimise the environmental and health risks of depleted uranium munitions and clarify their legal position.
Esfir Shub
Authors: Dyshlyuk Liubov
Published: July 2016

An unsurpassed master of compilation cinema, Esfir Shub is a major figure in the history of Soviet film. Shub's concept of film editing emerges clearly in the four articles that are presented here for the first time in English. They are selected from Zhizn' moya – kinematograf (Cinema Is My Life, 1972), a collection of her essays, public speeches, and letters as well as descriptions of unfinished projects. The texts document Shub's thoughts on montage and her important work as a pioneer of found footage cinema, offering insights into the making of such groundbreaking archival compilation films as The Fall of the Romanov Dynasty (1927), The Great Road (1927), and Lev Tolstoy and the Russia of Nicholas II (1928).
Naturaleza de los derechos humanos
Authors: López Dawson Carlos
Published: July 2016

En la formación de una nueva Carta Fundamental los constituyentes  requerirán conocer o consensuar sobre la naturaleza de los derechos humanos; luego, determinar cómo el Estado hará efectivo el respeto de tales derechos. Para ello es necesario recurrir a la historia y evolución de estos derechos, y el presente trabajo trata de contribuir a un debate productivo eficiente sobre la naturaleza de los derechos humanos, para que los ciudadanos puedan decidir en el entendido de que se trata de una decisión democrática reflexionada y fundada en el humanismo. El análisis se sitúa en el contexto técnico-ideológico del sistema republicano vigente que corresponde al estado actual del derecho internacional.
Análisis de los conceptos de reconstrucción, resolución y reconciliación desde los postulados de la Escuela TRANSCEND de Investigación para la Paz
Authors: Moreno Buján Marcela
Published: July 2016

El presente artículo tiene por objeto analizar la Teoría de la Reconciliación propuesta por la Escuela TRANSCEND de Investigación para la Paz. Una primera aproximación al tema admite plantear la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué es objeto de reconciliación? La respuesta a esta interrogante permitirá conceptualizar la reconciliación como un proceso de intervención de disputas que promueve el diálogo y la construcción de la paz respecto de aquellas relaciones sociales donde se ha dado un episodio de violencia que ha quebrado la relación entre las partes, alcanzando distintas dimensiones del conflicto social (niveles micro, meso, macro, mega y meta).Asimismo, se expondrá cómo la reconciliación permite evidenciar que las relaciones sociales son dinámicas, flexibles y sensibles a las variables de tiempo, espacio y lugar, así como también los conflictos. Esto conduce a afirmar que toda controversia que ha escalado hasta el punto de generar violencia y provocar una ruptura en la relación, puede también tornarse pacífica; esto último remite a la visión esperanzadora de la reconciliación.
Political judicialization and political activism: an approach to Latin America
Authors: Feoli V. Marco
Published: July 2016

Hay cosas que hacen los jueces que están impactando la esfera política, la esfera de quienes representan a los otros órganos estatales. Durante mucho tiempo se aceptó que los jueces tenían un ámbito de acción distinto al de las otras instituciones públicas; sin embargo, en los últimos años esto se ha ido modificando. Se asiste a un progresivo desmantelamiento de aquella idea, hoy la visión del juez “boca de la ley”, aplicador mecánico de normas, se aleja de las funciones que está desempeñando. Este alejamiento ha contribuido a que se hayan ido instalando conceptos como judicialización de la política o activismo judicial. Sobre sus alcances y la diferencia entre ellos trata el siguiente artículo.
Educación en derechos humanos en Argentina. Notas sobre el proceso de incorporación de los derechos humanos en los contextos educativos
Authors: Fernández Mónica
Published: July 2016

En este trabajo se efectúa una caracterización sintética de los diversos contextos políticos y económicos que fueron habilitando la incorporación de los derechos humanos en diversas instituciones de la República Argentina, pasando por zonas educativas formales y no formales; es decir, comunitarias y jurídicas, hasta llegar a formar parte de las currículas de todos los niveles educativos. El propósito es visualizar cómo se fue desarrollando y desde cuáles esferas de la cultura se fue impulsando y demandando la necesidad de educar en y para los derechos humanos. Dado que uno de los fines de la educación es la necesidad de formar a la ciudadanía, este artículo pretende hacer visible que los derechos humanos son un modo de ejercerla y que la esfera educativa es el contexto propiamente dicho para que los derechos humanos se respeten en las diversas prácticas culturales.
La enseñanza de derechos humanos en las escuelas: una mirada sobre la política educacional en el Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Tavares Celma
Published: July 2016

La educación en derechos humanos (EDH), básica en el ámbito de una política educativa dirigida a la formación ciudadana, es un campo de conocimiento reciente en Brasil. En Pernambuco, el proceso de inclusión de la EDH en la red pública estatal de enseñanza se desarrolló de una forma más sistemática a partir del año 2007, convirtiéndose en referencia para el resto de los Estados brasileños. El objetivo de este texto consiste en analizar las características de esta iniciativa realizada entre 2007-2014, a partir de los datos recogidos en la Secretaria de Educación de Pernambuco. Se trata de un estudio documental con un abordaje metodológico cualitativo. En el análisis se identificaron dos fases en dicho proceso, donde las acciones de inclusión de la EDH alternaron la disciplinariedad y la transversalidad. Además, se mostró que en muchos aspectos la experiencia siguió las directrices de los documentos internacionales y nacionales del área, articulando las esferas cognitiva, ético-valórica y la de los comportamientos. Sin embargo, en cuanto proceso, se produjeron momentos de mayor y de menor presencia de estos parámetros. Por este motivo, ejes como la formación, la organización del currículo y la producción de materiales pedagógicos deben ser reforzados.
Theory of motion controllability of a wheel machine-tractor aggregate
Authors: Adamchuk V. , Bulgakov V. , Nadykto V. , Golovach I.
Published: July 2016

Aim. To obtain analytically new dependencies, determining the indicator of motion controllability of a wheel machine-tractor aggregate, taking into consideration external forces, constructive and kinematic parameters of the aggregate while the latter moves in the transport mode. Methods. The methods of tractor and vehicle theories, theoretical mechanics, the theory of dynamic stability, and methods of numeric computer calculations. Results. A new theory of motion controllability of a wheel machine-tractor aggregate during its non-linear mo- tion along the surface of the soil at an angle to the horizontal was elaborated. The analytic expressions for the determination of the actual indicator of aggregate controllability, including force and constructive parameters of a machine-tractor aggregate, affecting this indicator in the longitudinal-vertical plane were made. The ana- lytic expressions were obtained for the transport mode of the aggregate movement. The conditions, in which cross slips of the directive
wheels of the tractor with implements in the longitudinal plane were analytically considered for the fi rst time. The analytic expressions for the determination of the required indicator of the controllability of the machine-tractor aggregate in the longitudinal plane, excluding any possibility of a cross slip of the aggregate while turning its directive wheels at a certain angle, were defi ned. Conclusions. Computer calculations demonstrated that during the non-linear movement along the surface of the soil at an angle of 12 ° to the horizontal the wheel machine-tractor aggregate will be controllable only if the wheel turning angles for the tractor with implements do not exceed 9 ° . In case of the working motion of this aggregate along the slope, its controllability is preserved on condition that the turning angle of directive wheels does not exceed 11 ° . It was established that the controllability of the wheel machine-tractor aggregate is determined by the actual λ d and required λ о indicators of
controllability, which take into consideration the values of the vertical load on the directive wheels of the power source, the possibility of their turn in the longitudinal plane, and the pull during the deviation from rectilinear motion when it moves along the surface at an angle to the horizontal.
Determining the quality of diterpene glycosides, obtained from stevia leaves
Authors: Royik M. , Kuznetsova I. , Holodniak V. , Mazayeva V.
Published: July 2016

Aim. To determine the quality of diterpene glycoside powders, produced in Ukraine using the stevia leaves of plants of domestic and foreign origin. Methods. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermographic analy- sis. Results. It was demonstrated that the increase in the production of powders of diterpene glycosides in the world results in stepping up the requirements to the selection material of stevia and the quality of powders, obtained from its leaves as a fi nal product. The quality of diterpene glycoside powders, produced in Ukraine us- ing the stevia leaves of plants of domestic and foreign origin, was investigated. Conclusions. It was determined that special attention in the analysis of the powder samples of diterpene glycosides should be paid to the sample preparation: increased humidity of the sample promotes a weakening of carbohydrate bonds and rapid decline in their quality. Differential scanning calorimetry allows determining the content of additives, the degree of moisture saturation, and
may further be used in the screening of selection samples and forecasting the shelf life of powders of diterpene glycosides.
Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis and Thalidomide in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Martín-Nalda Andrea , Roca Isabel , Fontecha Cesar Galo , Fernández-Polo Aurora , Barber Ignasi , Martinez-Gallo Mónica , Soler-Palacin Pere
Published: July 2016

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency that leads to severe recurrent infection and inflammatory complications that are usually difficult to diagnose and treat. Several hyperinflammation mechanisms, such as decreased neutrophil apoptosis, toll-like receptor activation imbalance, Th17 cell induction, Nrf2 activity deficiency, and inflammasome activation, have been described in CGD patients However, there have been no reports of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis as an inflammatory complication in CGD, and the differential diagnosis of this condition with infectious osteomyelitis is challenging. Thalidomide has been used to treat several inflammatory manifestations in CGD patients with good clinical results. Here, we report the case of a previously asymptomatic 11-year-old boy who consulted for difficulty walking and pain at the back of the right thigh, with increased inflammatory markers. Multifocal bone involvement was seen on bone scintigraphy, and acute-phase reactants were elevated. On the basis of a suspected diagnosis of infectious osteomyelitis, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy was started, with no clinical response. Bone biopsy and microbiological tests yielded negative results; at that point, chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis was suspected. The patient was unresponsive to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and corticosteroids. Thalidomide was started, and within 6 months, clinical and radiologic resolution of the condition was achieved with no adverse effects. More than 1 year after stopping thalidomide, the patient remained free of symptoms and inflammatory parameters are within normal levels. Thalidomide has a favorable safety profile compared with other alternatives and could be considered a feasible therapeutic option for this type of condition in selected patients.
Fervor y marginalidad de las ciclomovilidades en Colombia (1950-1970)
Authors: Salazar Arenas Oscar Iván
Published: July 2016

Este artículo describe la ambivalencia de los significados de las ciclomovilidades, en las décadas de los cincuenta y de los sesenta, en Colombia. Este fue un periodo de gran incremento del uso cotidiano de la cicla, así como de consolidación de la Vuelta a Colombia. El análisis busca comprender el papel de las bicicletas y los ciclistas en las prácticas, y los sentidos de las movilidades cotidianas de las ciudades. Los resultados de laindagación se describen y discuten por medio de tres aspectos claves: las incorporaciones y coproducciones de ciclistas y bicicletas, la fiebre del ciclismo impulsada por las primerasVueltas a Colombia y los conflictos derivados de la presencia de las bicicletas en las calles de las ciudades. El estudio usa el análisis visual y de contenido de fuentes de prensa de Bogotá yBarranquilla, desde una perspectiva cualitativa. Además, contempla la aplicación de procedimientos de clasificación y codificación del material, con el objetivo de elaborar categorías emergentes. Tales procedimientos son afines con una perspectiva comprensiva, que apuesta por una descripción densa de las ideas, las nociones, los puntos de vista y lasexplicaciones que están en juego en un corpus de información producido en unas circunstancias de tiempo, lugar, actores y relaciones de poder particulares. Entre los tipos de textos e imágenes analizados, se cuentan noticias, crónicas  periodísticas, publicidad y fotografías publicadas en diversos medios, incluyendo prensa y libros de gran formato.El ejercicio interpretativo que se presenta en este artículo forma parte del desarrollo de la categoría subjetividades móviles, orientada a comprender los ensamblajes de las movilidades urbanas, en un periodo de grandes cambios en las calles, las técnicas de movilidad y la vida cotidiana en las ciudades colombianas. El principal resultado de esta indagación es la descripción de la situación ambivalente de las ciclomovilidades en Colombia, en un periodo en el que aumentaron notablemente el uso de la bicicleta en las ciudades, la afición por el ciclismo y los riesgos asociados con su uso cotidiano.
Respuestas subalternas a los designios imperiales. Reacción salvadoreña a la primera intervención de Estados Unidos en Nicaragua
Authors: Lindo-Fuentes Héctor
Published: July 2016

El aumento de los intereses de Estados Unidos en la zona de Centroamérica y el Caribe llevó a una actitud intervencionista en la región a principios del siglo XX. Este artículo utiliza fuentes documentales del Departamento de Estado de Estados Unidos, del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de El Salvador, la documentación personal de Philander Knox y William Jennings Bryan, además de periódicos y revistas de la época. Muestra que aunque los gobernantes salvadoreños de la época buscaron acomodarse a la nueva situación, la fuerte reacción antiimperialista de los grupos subalternos urbanos los obligaron a adoptar una actitud nacionalista. Este intenso y temprano nivel de activismo de los grupos subalternos urbanos, ignorado totalmente por la historiografía salvadoreña, se dio en sus etapas de formación y les enseñó la importancia de participar en redes locales y transnacionales.
Gonzalo Robles. Un testigo de las revoluciones agrícolas globales
Authors: Dávalos Marcela , Dávalos López Juan José
Published: July 2016

Gonzalo Robles nació en Costa Rica, pero la vida lo implantó en México. Fue testigo del declive de la dictadura porfirista y participó activamente en la construcción de las nuevas instituciones nacionales mexicanas –agrarias, industriales, financieras, educativas y culturales. Por su formación de ingeniero agrónomo y sus brillantes intervenciones durante la efervescencia revolucionaria, fue llamado por los presidentes Álvaro Obregón y Plutarco Elías Calles para crear escuelas y comunidades agrícolas. Y para ello, en un país devastado, fue enviado a recolectar las experiencias agrícolas en otros países. Sus registros de aquellos viajes dejan ver el complejo mapa del ámbito agrícola que Robles dibujó a su paso por dos continentes, tanto como muestran lo que era desplazarse por el mundo antes de la aviación. Asimismo, esos viajes, realizados entre 1923 y 1924, son prueba de una incipiente globalización. En un mundo todavía conformado por culturas locales, las ferias, exposiciones, ligas o sociedades internacionales fueron muestra, en aquel tiempo, de cierta homologación que cien años después conoceríamos como globalización. Aquí se enfatiza sobre todo una de sus propuestas: las vinculadas con el campo mexicano. No obstante, se señalan algunas de sus intervenciones en la industria, la banca o la cultura. Sus notas y estudios se conservan en el Fondo Gonzalo Robles del Archivo General de la Nación de México.
La comercialización del turismo comunitario en América Latina
Authors: Cañada Ernest
Published: July 2016

El fracaso de numerosas iniciativas de cooperación internacional en el ámbito del turismo comunitario en diferentes países de América Latina ha puesto en cuestión en ciertos círculos académicos y agencias de desarrollo la viabilidad del mismo modelo. Uno de los temas en discusión ha sida la escasa capacidad de comercialización y generación de ingresos de este tipo de emprendimientos una vez puestos en marcha, lo cual derivaba en su posterior abandono. Sin embargo, en una aproximación más cercana a las dinámicas presentes es posible identificar dos formas de comercialización que ponen en cuestión esa imagen. Por una parte destaca la consolidación de numerosas iniciativas comunitarias orientadas de forma directa a un mercado de proximidad de clase media y baja. Por otra el fortalecimiento de estructuras de intermediación surgidas desde las propias iniciativas comunitarias o en alianza con estas y que han empezado a posicionar al turismo comunitario en el mercado internacional. El debate se resitúa en torno a las estrategias que han permitido la consolidación de determinadas iniciativas de turismo comunitario así como las implicaciones derivadas de estas formas de articulación comercial en el sector.
Mujeres y neocolonialidad en los condominios de lujo de ciudad de Guatemala
Authors: Camus Manuela
Published: July 2016

El artículo se refiere a los condominios suburbanos de clases medias y medias-altas que se extienden por el sureste de la ciudad de Guatemala y, desde las voces de sus mujeres residentes de estos, describe el estilo de vida de las familias en estos espacios. Expone también la reproducción de relaciones de neocolonialidad y de cultura de servidumbre que conlleva este mundo del privilegio. Finalmente propone en qué consiste la especificidad guatemalteca en esta tendencia global del habitar en fraccionamientos cerrados.
¿Será vida ver la muerte tan de cerca? Conflicto de drogas y lucha espacial en Pavas, Costa Rica
Authors: Chacón Echeverría Laura , Zúñiga Jimmy
Published: July 2016

El 28 de febrero del 2010 muere acribillado por un conflicto de drogas, a sus 29 años, Óscar Calderón Sáenz, alias Colas. A través de una metodología de carácter etnográfico que incluye entrevistas a vecinos y testigos, los autores describen la vida, muerte y ritos fúnebres de Colas, uno de los vendedores de droga más memorables del reciente asentamiento urbano de Finca San Juan en Pavas. Se brinda especial énfasis a la ruta crítica que lo conduce a este destino y a los efectos de sus acciones en la vida comunitaria. La investigación analiza los vínculos entre violencia, pobreza y masculinidad a partir de una reflexión que vincula el mundo del narcotráfico a sus relaciones con el micropoder y una historia subjetiva.
“¡Se muere gallo bueno!”. Peleas, socialidad y violencia galleras en Costa Rica
Authors: Rodríguez Aguilar Onésimo
Published: July 2016

Este texto resume parte del proceso de trabajo de campo etnográfico desarrollado con varios jóvenes galleros en la provincia de Heredia en Costa Rica.1 Se intenta develar algunas de las lógicas de sentido de los sujetos, por ejemplo, lo que llamo socialidad gallera (cierto código de interacción relacionado con lo subterráneo y lo vivencial), la forma de aprehensión simbólica y material de los animales y las diferentes formas de violencia que se reproducen en las galleras “clandestinas”.
La sociedad civil como concepto deficiente: lectura del debate político del DR-CAFTA en Costa Rica
Authors: Carballo Chaves Pablo
Published: July 2016

El concepto de sociedad civil involucra tanto criterios históricos como presupuestos teóricos basados en ideas liberales ubicadas en el contexto del surgimiento de la modernidad y de los Estados modernos. Esto posiciona al concepto bajo prerrogativas de ubicación y lecturas que pese a querer superarlas para darle a la categoría un estatus analítico superior, no logra del todo subsanarlo, particularmente en el contexto de debate del DR-CAFTA en Costa Rica. A partir de las ideas base del concepto, así como ideas empleadas para resemantizarlo, se analizan las dificultades y las confusiones sugeridas que dejó utilizar el concepto durante la confrontación política previo y durante el proceso de referéndum en el 2007. La idea que articula todo el documento está en que la categoría de sociedad civil no deja ver las paradojas sociopolíticas e históricas de Costa Rica, ni tampoco permite valorar de manera consistente los elementos que estaban articulando la querella social. Es decir, permite una lectura parcial del entorno analizado y omite una reflexión fuerte de lo que está aconteciendo.
"Centros de documentación sobre los derechos de las mujeres: fortalezas y retos en Centroamérica", de Eida Martínez Rocha y Silvia Fernández Viguera
Authors: Madrigal Vargas Yorlenny
Published: July 2016

Reseña del libro "Centros de documentación sobre los derechos de las mujeres: fortalezas y retos en Centroamérica", de Eida Martínez Rocha y Silvia Fernández Viguera.
Zeiträume und Formenkreise — Zur Chronologie der kupferzeitlichen Nekropolen im östlichen Karpatenbecken
Authors: Zalai-Gaál István
Published: July 2016

The author searches answers for chronological questions of the Complex of Polgár (Bodrogkeresztúr and Hunyadihalom cultures) that existed in the second half of the 5th millennium BC in the eastern parts of the Carpathian basin. The work is based on 47 cemeteries that supplied sufficient material for the analysis. Methodology was provided by metrical analysis and seriation of 818 dish types and 577 graves. Artificial periods (“künstliche Perioden”) and the phases of cemetery usage (“Belegungsphasen”) were identified both in the particular cemeteries and in the five analyzed regions. As a result of the analyses, we may identify three phases of development of the Polgár complex cemeteries (Formenkreis 1=Tiszapolgár, Formenkreis 2=Tiszapolgár- Bodrogkeresztúr, Formenkreis 3=Bodrogkeresztúr, with the features of the ceramics from Hunyadihalom). Thus, the two groups that had been differentiated so by their ceramics (Tiszapolgár and Bodrogkeresztúr), in fact existed in the same time period and in geographical proximity.
Development of an individual assessment instrument for critical care nursing students
Authors: Mattsson Janet , Stevens Lena
Published: July 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Critical care nurses need to possess theoretical knowledge, advanced skills as well as competencies and capabilities to care for critically ill patients in the challenging and fast changing environment of intensive care. In order to assess performance and learning of the critical care nursing students in the clinical arena, a structured process enabling college faculty, clinical educators and students to work towards the same goals and learning outcomes is of outmost importance. In this study an action research method was used to develop an assessment instrument in a collaborative effort between faculty, clinical educators and students. An instrument was developed and tested at several clinical sites during a 1 ½ year period. Interviews were then conducted with expert focus groups and students about the ease and feasibility of the instrument. Four themes emerged during the analysis of the interviews; clarity, helping me, arranging and timeliness. The analysis further revealed positive opinions about the structure, content and usability of the instrument. We conclude the instrument helps in both assessing student performance and in revealing knowledge-gaps for students in the critical care nursing program.
Influência da pressão interna dos pneus e da velocidade de deslocamento nos parâmetros operacionais de um trator agrícola e nas propriedades físicas do solo
Authors: FEITOSA JARDÊNIA R. , FERNANDES HAROLDO C. , TEIXEIRA MAURI M. , CECON PAULO R.
Published: July 2016

O tráfego intenso de tratores ocasiona alterações na qualidade física do solo, desencadeando processos de compactação e erosão. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da alteração da pressão interna dos pneus e da velocidade de deslocamento de um trator agrícola 4 x 2 com tração dianteira auxiliar (TDA), em propriedades físicas de um solo usadas como parâmetros para a avaliação da compactação e em parâmetros operacionais do trator relacionados ao seu desempenho. Para tanto, foram determinadas a densidade do solo, a porosidade total e o índice de cone de amostras de solo coletadas antes e após a passagem do trator. Determinou-se, ainda, o avanço cinemático do trator, a patinagem dos rodados, a área de contato entre o pneu e o solo, e a pressão de contato aplicada à superfície do solo. O uso de diferentes combinações de pressões internas e de velocidades de deslocamento não alteraram a patinagem dos rodados do trator, nem o índice de cone do solo. A densidade foi afetada apenas pelas velocidades de deslocamento. A aplicação das pressões de 110 e 124 kPa, respectivamente, nos pneus dianteiros e traseiros do trator, combinada com a velocidade de deslocamento de 1,51 m s-1 ocasionou a maior redução na porosidade total.
Test for alternative indicator of soybean sowing depth
Authors: SOUZA NÁTALI M. , WEIRICH NETO PEDRO H.
Published: July 2016

Among studies focused on increasing soybean grain yield, the ones related to sowing process are the most significant. Considering that soybean has an epigeal emergence, it becomes difficult to hint at the length covered by hypocotyl up to soil surface, or the actual planting depth. This study aimed to find an indicator that allows the identification of an ideal soybean planting depth. For this purpose, two complementary assays has been carried out in a greenhouse. The first aimed to identify structures that could be indicators of seed planting depth, on a medium-textured soil from Campos Gerais region, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Spring NK 8350 cultivar seeds were sown at five theoretical depths (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 cm). As seedlings emerged, the “differentiation zone” and the “root curve” depths were measured. The second assay was the validation of the suggested indicators in assay 1 from two soils, one medium-textured and one clay-textured. For this assay, it was used BRS 232. Both the methodologies showed high correlation with the theoretical planting depth. Although their correlation coefficient values were close, the differentiation zone appeared to be the most efficient reference with less planting depth overestimation.
Mechanical damage during harvest and loading affect orange postharvest quality
Authors: MIRANDA MARCELA , SPRICIGO POLIANA C. , FERREIRA MARCOS D.
Published: July 2016

Brazil is the world’s largest orange producer; however, part of this production is lost during postharvest. This loss can be minimized by controlling incidence of physical damage throughout the harvest and loading operations. Impacts can negatively modify quantitative and qualitative fruits aspects. The main goal of this study was to measure the impact magnitude in two types of harvest (manual and detachment) and during all steps from picking into bags until loading for transport to the processing industry and additionally evaluating, in laboratory, the physico-chemical quality of the fruit subjected to various impacts, similar to those found in the field. In order to evaluate the impact magnitude, an instrumented sphere was used (760 mm, Techmark, Inc, USA). The following physico-chemical parameters were evaluated during 6-days of storage: weight loss, soluble solids contents, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, pH, firmness and peel color. The greatest impacts were observed during harvest, during the detachment practice, and when loading and unloading from bulk storage, with average acceleration values between 249.5 and 531.52G. The impact incidence in oranges were responsible for reducing the soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and weight by to 5.5%; 8.7%; 4.6% and 0.5%, respectively, compared to the control. Impacts during harvest and the various pre-industry manipulation steps must be controlled as they interfere in postharvest quality and physiology of ‘Valência’ oranges.
Use of interactive performance optimization for identifying the ideal profile of swine finishing producers
Authors: SANGOI LUIZ F. , KESSLER ALEXANDRE M. , SILUK JULIO C. M. , RIBEIRO ANDREA M. L. , NEUENFELDT JÚNIOR ALVARO L.
Published: July 2016

The present research aimed to develop a modeling capable of identifying the ideal profile of swine finishing producers using the interactive performance optimization, which began by verifying qualitative the criteria considered most relevant to the decision-making, generating a closed structured diagnosis that covers the socioeconomic aspects about the activity, until the design of a mathematical model able to translate the data obtained in quantitative information. For the verification, it was proposed a practical study for a universe of 120 members of a cooperative in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The results showed that, from the application and the definition of the ideal profile, it was possible to verify that 82 producers are in the group of those who have obtained a "Good" performance, and to 44 the result is in the range between 86% to 90% from the ideal, which means that most have short or medium-term conditions to evolve their status for the considered "Very Good", where only 12.5% of the producers are currently.
Manejo da fertirrigação e salinidade do solo no crescimento da cultura da beterraba
Authors: SILVA ALEXSANDRO O. DA , SILVA ÊNIO F. F. E , KLAR ANTÔNIO E.
Published: July 2016

Com o aumento da população mundial e a escassez dos recursos naturais, o uso eficiente dos fertilizantes torna-se necessário para uma agricultura intensiva. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da UNESP, no Município de Botucatu-SP. Os tratamentos foram provenientes da combinação dos fatores salinidade do solo (CE: 1,0; 3,0; 6,0; 9,0; 12,0 dS m-1), manejo da fertirrigação (M1=tradicional e M2=com controle da concentração iônica da solução do solo) e cultivares de beterraba (C1=Early Wonder e C2=Itapuã), em um esquema fatorial 5x2x2, com 4 repetições, em um delineamento em blocos. Durante todo o cultivo, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: altura, diâmetro do pecíolo, comprimento e diâmetro das raízes das plantas. A variável altura de plantas apresentou comportamento diferenciado de acordo com o manejo da fertirrigação estudado, além de apresentar sensibilidade a elevados níveis de condutividade elétrica no solo. O diâmetro das raízes apresentou reduções de 3,55 e 2,48 mm para C1 e C2, respectivamente, a cada aumento unitário da condutividade elétrica (CE) para M1. Com base na relação funcional de melhor ajuste entre o diâmetro das raízes e a condutividade elétrica em M2, obteve-se o diâmetro máximo estimado em 90,78 mm para C1 e 94,67 mm para C2.
Força requerida para o desprendimento de frutos de tomate industrial em diferentes estádios de maturação
Authors: REIS ELTON F. DOS , HOLTZ VANDOIR , COUTO RÓDNEY F. , VASCONCELOS LUIS H. C. , CAMPOS ANDRÉ J. DE
Published: July 2016

A colheita do tomate destinado ao processamento, atualmente, é feita com colhedoras automotrizes; para isso, são necessários estudos que viabilizem a melhoria destas colhedoras, reduzindo assim perdas no campo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar a força necessária para o desprendimento do fruto de tomate de seu pedúnculo em diferentes estágios de maturação. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Madeira, no Município de Gameleira de Goiás-GO, e no Laboratório de Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Nas condições de campo, os frutos foram retirados avaliando-se a força de tração no sentido axial do pedúnculo ao fruto e, em laboratório, nos sentidos axial e transversal. O trabalho foi realizado no delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com fator único, com dez repetições. Os tratamentos foram os estádios de maturação, considerando tomates verdes, tomates pintados e tomates maduros. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, aplicando-se o teste de F e, quando significativo, o teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. A força axial média requerida para os desprendimentos foi de 14,69 N, com maior valor para os frutos maduros. Para o esforço transversal, os valores médios foram 0,98; 1,37 e 1,86 N para os frutos verdes, pintados e maduros, respectivamente.
Comparative analysis of different meat traceability systems using multiple criteria and a social network approach
Authors: NÄÄS IRENILZA DE A. , MOLLO NETO MARIO , VENDRAMETTO ODUVALDO , CANUTO SIMONE A.
Published: July 2016

The adoption of a proper traceability system is being incorporated into meat production practices as a method of gaining consumer confidence. The various partners operating in the chain of meat production can be considered a social network, and they have the common goal of generating a communication process that can ensure each characteristic of the product, including safety. This study aimed to select the most appropriate meat traceability system “from farm to fork” that could be applied to Brazilian beef and pork production for international trade. The research was done in three steps. The first used the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for selecting the best on-farm livestock traceability. In the second step, the actors in the meat production chain were identified to build a framework and defined each role in the network. In the third step, the selection of the traceability system was done. Results indicated that with an electronic traceability system, it is possible to acquire better connections between the links in the chain and to provide the means for managing uncertainties by creating structures that facilitate information flow more efficiently.
Coeficiente de descarga em emissores de pivô central
Authors: Silva Renato M. da , Coelho Rubens D. , Faria Lucas do A. , Maschio Rafael
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de determinar, em condições laboratoriais, o coeficiente de descarga (Cd) dos emissores fixos tipo “spray” (Senninger, Nelson e Fabrimar) utilizados em equipamentos pivô central no Brasil. Foram avaliados 45 bocais Senninger, 42 bocais Nelson e 36 bocais Fabrimar, com três repetições, totalizando 369 bocais ensaiados. As pressões de funcionamento variaram entre 6 e 30 PSI (41,37 a 206,84 kPa), com intervalo de leitura a cada 2 PSI (13,79 kPa), totalizando 13 pressões analisadas por bocal. Foram ajustadas as curvas do coeficiente de descarga em função do diâmetro de bocal, para quatro pressões de operação: 10; 15; 20 e 30 PSI (68,95; 103,42; 137,90 e 206,84 kPa). Utilizou-se de dois manômetros de precisão (analógico e digital) previamente calibrados em um manômetro de peso morto. As vazões foram obtidas utilizando três medidores eletromagnético-indutivos, calibrados em recipiente volumétrico. O diâmetro dos bocais foi mensurado através de uma ampliação em projetor de perfil da marca Starrett, modelo HB 400. Os resultados evidenciaram que o coeficiente de descarga varia em função da pressão e do diâmetro do bocal. Nos ensaios conduzidos, obtiveram-se Cds compreendidos na faixa de 0,88 a 0,98 para a faixa de emissores analisados.
Effect of cycle time and airflow in biological nitrogen removal from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using sequencing batch reactor
Authors: Lopes Carla L. , Mees Juliana B. R. , Sene Luciane , Carvalho Karina Q. de , Christ Divair , Gomes Simone D.
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of airflow (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 L.L-1.min-1) and cycle time (10.45 h, 14.25 h and 17.35 h) on a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) performance in promoting nitrification and denitrification of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The operational stages included feeding, aerobic and anoxic reactions, sedimentation and discharge. SBR was operated in a laboratory scale with a working volume of 4 L, keeping 25% of biomass retained inside the reactor as inoculum for the next batch. In the anoxic stage, C: N ratio was maintained between 5 and 6 by adding cassava starch wastewater. A factorial design (22) with five repetitions was designed at the central point to evaluate the influence of cycle time and airflow on total inorganic nitrogen removal (N-NH4++N-NO2-+N-NO3-) and in the whole process (nitrification and denitrification). The highest total inorganic nitrogen removal (93.3%) was observed for airflow of 0.25 L.L-1.min‑1 and a cycle time of 14.25 h. At the end of the experiment, the sludge inside the reactor was characterized by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), indicating the presence of ammonia and nitrite oxidizing bacteria.
Microclima, idades das matrizes e tempos de estocagem influenciam na perda de água dos ovos no transporte?
Authors: Nazareno Aérica C. , da Silva Iran J. O. , Vieira Afrânio M. C. , Vieira Frederico M. C.
Published: July 2016

RESUMO Objetivou-se, por meio desta pesquisa, avaliar a perda de água de ovos férteis oriundos de diferentes idades de matrizes de corte e tempos de estocagem, durante o transporte. A pesquisa foi conduzida em uma empresa integradora avícola no Estado de São Paulo, por meio do acompanhamento de três carregamentos em diferentes estações do ano. Foram utilizadas diferentes densidades de caixas durante as três viagens. Porém, para o estudo da perda de água dos ovos, foi usado um total de 18 caixas contendo 4.320 ovos, em um caminhão climatizado. Estas caixas de ovos eram referentes às três idades das matrizes e aos três intervalos de tempos de estocagem; portanto, em cada viagem, foram transportadas seis caixas com 1.440 ovos. A caracterização microclimática do contêiner foi realizada por meio de 18 dataloggers no interior das caixas, os quais registraram temperatura do ar, umidade relativa e entalpia específica. A avaliação da perda de água dos ovos foi realizada através da massa de 140 ovos individualizados de cada tratamento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente aleatorizado, com esquema fatorial 3 x 3. As condições microclimáticas das cargas transportadas para todas as estações estiveram acima das faixas ideais. Independentemente da idade da matriz e da condição do microclima, o aumento do tempo de estocagem leva a maior perda de água, assim como a piores condições microclimáticas.