bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Induces Autophagy to Benefit Its Replication
Authors: Guo Xiaozhen , Zhang Mengjia , Zhang Xiaoqian , Tan Xin , Guo Hengke , Zeng Wei , Yan Guokai , Memon Atta , Li Zhonghua , Zhu Yinxing , Zhang Bingzhou , Ku Xugang , Wu Meizhou , Fan Shengxian , He Qigai
Published: March 2017

The new porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) has caused devastating economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Despite extensive research on the relationship between autophagy and virus infection, the concrete role of autophagy in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection has not been reported. In this study, autophagy was demonstrated to be triggered by the effective replication of PEDV through transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and Western blot analysis. Moreover, autophagy was confirmed to benefit PEDV replication by using autophagy regulators and RNA interference. Furthermore, autophagy might be associated with the expression of inflammatory cytokines and have a positive feedback loop with the NF-κB signaling pathway during PEDV infection. This work is the first attempt to explore the complex interplay between autophagy and PEDV infection. Our findings might accelerate our understanding of the pathogenesis of PEDV infection and provide new insights into the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
Des cavités dans la couverture limoneuse des plateaux nivernais (Nièvre)
Authors: Chabert Claude
Published: March 2017

Caves in the salt cover of the «plateaux du Nivernais» (Nievre, France)

North of the «Massif Central», around Nevers, the jurassic limestones are covered with a mio-pliocene silt mantle characterized by different caves : collapse dolines in relation with the crypto-karst situated into the underlying limestones and little grottoes dug in the silt mass (ex : ponor of «Bois de la Grange», length : 11 m). The tertiary mantle and the forests take a prominent part in the regulation and the physico-chemistry of karst waters.
LOCAL CONVERGENCE OF JARRATT-TYPE METHODS WITH LESS COMPUTATION OF INVERSION UNDER WEAK CONDITIONS
Authors: Argyros Ioannis K. , George Santhosh
Published: March 2017

We present a local convergence analysis for Jarratt-type methods in order to approximate a solution of a nonlinear equation in a Banach space setting. Earlier studies cannot be used to solve equations using such methods. The convergence ball and error estimates are given for these methods. Numerical examples are also provided in this study.
Feeding and Feedback in the Powerful Radio Galaxy 3C 120
Authors: Tombesi F. , Mushotzky R. F. , Reynolds C. S. , Kallman T. , Reeves J. N. , Braito V. , Ueda Y. , Leutenegger M. A. , Williams B. J. , Stawarz Ł. , Cappi M.
Published: March 2017

We present a spectral analysis of a 200 ks observation of the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 120, performed with the high-energy transmission grating spectrometer on board the Chandra
X-ray Observatory. We find (i) a neutral absorption component intrinsic to the source with a column density of

cm−2; (ii) no evidence for a warm absorber (WA) with an upper limit on the column density of just

cm−2, assuming the typical ionization parameter logξ ≃ 2.5 erg s−1 cm; the WA may instead be replaced by (iii) a hot emitting gas with a temperature kT ≃ 0.7 keV observed as soft X-ray emission from ionized Fe L-shell lines, which may originate from a kiloparsec-scale shocked bubble inflated by the active galactic nucleus (AGN) wind or jet with a shock velocity of about 1000 km s−1 determined by the emission line width; (iv) a neutral Fe Kα line and accompanying emission lines indicative of a Compton-thick cold reflector with a low reflection fraction R ≃ 0.2, suggesting a large opening angle of the torus; (v) a highly ionized Fe xxv emission feature indicative of photoionized gas with an ionization parameter log

erg s−1 cm and a column density of

cm−2 localized within ∼2 pc from the X-ray source; and (vi) possible signatures of a highly ionized disk wind. Together with previous evidence for intense molecular line emission, these results indicate that 3C 120 is likely a late-state merger undergoing strong AGN feedback.
Electronic Collaboration in Strategic Decision-Making Processes
Authors: Goksoy Asli , Vayvay Ozalp , Yılmaz Beliz Ozsoy , Yılmaz Ahmet
Published: March 2017

The pace of change in information and communication technology has accelerated rapidly in the past decade, providing various opportunities for companies to improve their efficiency and competitiveness and also collaborate with their business partners. In the digitally connected 21st century business environment, collaboration among organizations requires electronic communications within and across fields to facilitate superior outcomes. The proper use of technology enables businesses to be more efficient. E-collaboration has been a great tool to improve business and a strategic weapon to change the traditional business relationships. E-collaboration aims to facilitate coordination of decision-making processes, and it is no longer a source of competitive advantage, but instead a competitive necessity. Tightly linking information technology with strategy formulation is one of growing importance in organizations. This chapter aims to explore the role and benefits of technology in decision-making processes by presenting a successful implementation of electronic collaboration in a leading global supplier of electronics and electrical materials and provide useful information to managers and practitioners.
E-Collaboration at Celadon Trucking Services
Authors: Nochebuena-Evans Leiza , De La Garza Lina M.
Published: March 2017

Technology has influenced industries around the world. Not only is the use of technology essential to the success of a business, but the continuous improvement of technology is a determinant factor in obtaining a competitive advantage. Electronic collaboration (e-collaboration) has made a presence in the supply chain of international trade. The logistics industry, in particular the area of trucking, has to continuously improve their technology and use e-collaboration in order to continue having a profitable advantage in a highly regulated and competitive arena. Some methods of e-collaboration used by a particular trucking company along the U.S.—Mexico border will be discussed.
Application of Collaboration Technology to Manage Diversity in Global Virtual Teams
Authors: Santillan Cecilia , Horwitz Sujin K.
Published: March 2017

The present global competitive landscape is urging organizations to reach beyond the conventional limits to gain competitive advantage. With the advent of information and communication technologies available, more organizations are forming Global Virtual Teams (GVTs) that promise more advantages and greater flexibility due to their unique ability to transcend the traditional boundaries of time, geographic locations, and organizational constraints. However, managing globally dispersed and culturally diverse GVTs also poses unique challenges to organizations wishing to capitalize on the potential benefits of GVTs. This chapter explores some of the documented challenges faced by GVTs due to diversity, team conflict, and collaboration technology and further argues that organizations will benefit from integrating the ThinkLet-based CE approach to GVT workflow processes. This method is intended to develop predictable patterns of team collaboration that provide a greater sense of structure in the highly uncertain environment where GVTs operate.
A New Way of Working
Authors: Handley Karen , McGrath-Champ Susan , Leung Philomena
Published: March 2017

This chapter provides evidence of the practical implementation of an aspect of ‘new ways of working', that is, flexible work arrangements (FWA) in the Australian accounting profession. It reports and analyses the results of interviews of twenty accounting professionals conducted in 2014. FWA refers to the interrelationship between temporal and spatial flexibility which are facilitated by technology. In this chapter, evidence is provided of the public rhetoric regarding FWA by accounting firms, particularly the Big Four firms. This is contrasted with anecdotal testimony from the interviews to reveal the success with which these goals have been adopted and implemented across the accounting profession, and the impact they have on work-life balance (WLB). The findings reveal inconsistencies and prejudices still in place in Australian accounting firms and suggest that, although there has been some success in this area, some conservative views still need challenging.
Task-Technology Fit Assessment of Cloud-Based Collaborative Learning Technologies
Authors: Yadegaridehkordi Elaheh , Iahad Noorminshah A. , Ahmad Norasnita
Published: March 2017

Universities require basic changes in knowledge and communication-based society in order to achieve higher order learning experience and to satisfy expectations of new generation of students. This study aims to understand the likelihood of the cloud-based collaborative learning technology adoption within educational environments. Reviewing cloud computing research, technology characteristic construct was divided into collaboration, mobility, and personalization. Based on the Task-Technology Fit (TTF) model, this study tested a theoretical model encompassing seven variables: collaboration, mobility, personalization, task non-routineness, task interdependence, task-technology fit, user adoption. Purposive sampling was used and data were collected from 86 undergraduate and postgraduate students who had experiences in using cloud-based applications for collaborative activities. The results indicated that task non-routineness, collaboration, mobility, and personalization have positive significant effects on TTF. However, distinct from past studies, task interdependence positively influences TTF. In addition, results indicated that the significant effect of TTF on users' intention to adopt cloud-based collaborative learning technologies was considerable.
Phases, Scaffolds, and Technology
Authors: Parra Julia
Published: March 2017

With ubiquitous Internet and the related tools, including computational devices and cloud-based technology, has come public access to a world of information literally at one's fingertips. This has led to the increased use of cloud-based student collaboration as a key strategy for engaging students as responsible, creative, and productive participants in the learning process. For the purpose of this qualitative study there are three objectives: 1) update and revise a course design model for cloud-based student collaboration that uses phases and scaffolds, and includes an optimal cloud-based collaboration toolkit identified by graduate students, 2) describe an online course wherein this model has been applied, and 3) share exemplar course materials including guides, learning plans and directions, and content scaffolds in the form of templates, that support this model and can be repurposed by anyone using cloud-based student collaboration in higher education.
Scaffolding Role of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Environment on Collaboration and Academic Literacy
Authors: Zhao Ke
Published: March 2017

Drawing on knowledge building and social cognitive perspectives on academic literacy, this chapter argues for a design framework of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) environment featured by Knowledge Forum for Chinese tertiary business English students. An initial design study was reported to evaluate the design effect of CSCL environment on collaboration and academic literacy and to further investigate factors facilitating academic literacy development. Four intact classes with 102 Year One students participated in a 12-week project learning in two different learning environments, namely Computer-Supported Collaborative Inquiry Learning (CSCIL) and Regular Project-Based Learning environment (RPBL). Data was obtained from exam results, survey, essay writing quality, and focus group interviews. Four dimensions of academic literacy were identified and rated. MANOVA analyses showed significant main effects of environment indicating that CSCIL groups have significant higher gains in conceptual understanding and argumentative construction. Contrastive analyses of focus group interview data identify the interplay of social, cognitive, and technological dynamics that facilitate collaborative conceptual understanding and argumentative construction. Implications and further design issues are also discussed.
Scaffolding Agency and Responsibility in Cloud-Based Collaborative Writing
Authors: Fedewa Kate , Houghton Kathryn
Published: March 2017

Although most students regularly interact online for social reasons, many are uncomfortable collaborating for academic work, even work utilizing familiar cloud technology. Because collaborative writing in digital spaces is becoming commonplace in work and academic environments, composition teachers must help students to recognize their individual agency within group work and to develop strategies for a shared writing process. How can we scaffold online writing experiences so that our students' ability to collaborate emerges as a strategic and still-developing part of the learning process? In this chapter we discuss strategies for scaffolding a collaborative writing process using Google Docs in the composition classroom. We describe four sample activities appropriate for undergraduate writing courses: anonymous invention, group annotated bibliographies, group agendas and project plans, and peer review. We suggest best practices for developing individual agency and shared responsibility for group writing in the cloud.
E-Collaboration in Biomedical Research
Authors: Gray Kathleen , Sanchez Fernando Martin , Bright Gabrielle , Cheng Ardis
Published: March 2017

There are compelling arguments for using emerging Web technologies to facilitate research in the biomedical sciences. This chapter reviews current research and current technologies for e-collaboration in biomedical research. This chapter presents four case studies examining the use of Web-based tools to support the teamwork of geographically distributed biomedical researchers. It then reviews case study findings in light of the Web 2.0 e-collaboration enablers that are available. It concludes with surprising and concerning reflections about current practices in biomedical research collaboration as well as some promising future directions through the use of biomedical informatics to advance these practices by addressing human factors.
Managing Collaboration in E-Procurement
Authors: Wright Robert J. , Shiner Jacqueline M.
Published: March 2017

While e-procurement provides efficiency and cost-savings, are governments that are utilizing these systems really getting what they want, particularly when procuring services? While e-procurement provides governments methods to communicate better with service providers and have access to more service providers, do the systems allow for collaboration? As there is a significant amount of research the issues related to procurement in the U.S., this chapter will use it as an example to demonstrate the need to collaborate and not just communicate. For years there has been discussion on the issues and reforms to the U.S. federal procurement process. One of the major issues is communications and collaboration. Goodrich provided in his Federal Times article “6 simple fixed for the federal procurement process.” Five of the six areas involve communications and collaboration: poorly conceived documentation; contracting offices and program offices working as a team rather than independent; lengthy procurement decisions; government understands what they bought; and talk with industry. This chapter provides the background of the procurement process, current trends and recent approaches. It explores how the Alpha contracting method could be applied to Contracts by Negotiations / Full and Open procurements. Finally, it provides a Collaborative Government Model which takes a holistic and strategic approach to collaboration. There is a need to approach this collaboration in a strategic manner as it includes facets such as hierarchy, networking, and inter-personal interactions that are not linear in nature.
How Likely is Simpson's Paradox in Path Models?
Authors: Kock Ned
Published: March 2017

Simpson's paradox is a phenomenon arising from multivariate statistical analyses that often leads to paradoxical conclusions in the field of e-collaboration as well as many other fields where multivariate methods are employed. This work derives a general inequality for the occurrence of Simpson's paradox in path models with or without latent variables. The inequality is then used to estimate the probability that Simpson's paradox would occur at random in path models with two predictors and one criterion variable. This probability is found to be approximately 12.8 percent, slightly higher than 1 occurrence per 8 path models. This estimate suggests that Simpson's paradox is likely to occur in empirical studies, in the field of e-collaboration and other fields, frequently enough to be a source of concern.
Does Nonfarm Income Affect Agricultural Income and Investment in Pakistan?
Authors: Khan Zia Ullah , ul Haq Zahoor , Khan Khalid , Ishaq Muhammad , Wahid Fazli
Published: March 2017

The study investigates the impact of nonfarm income (NFI) on agricultural income and investment using the Pakistan Social and Living Measurement survey data for the year 2005-06. Results show that NFI negatively affects agricultural income and investment whenever it is statistically significant; and these effects are not same across the four provinces of Pakistan. The one to one comparison between the four provinces of the country shows that the effects of NFI on agricultural income and investment differ across provinces. The policy implication is that as compared to other sectors of the economy, agriculture generates low returns and consequently NFI is invested in other more productive sectors of the economy.
Android Permissions
Authors: Prachi  , Jain Arushi
Published: March 2017

In recent times, Android phones are the most popular among the users. According to a survey by International Data Corporation (IDC), it is reported that in 2015 Android dominates the smartphone market with 82.8% share, leaving its competitor iOS, Windows and others far behind. This popularity makes it prime target among the malware developers. According to a survey by the F-Secure it has been reported that 99% of new malwares are targeting the Android OS. This is majorly due to coarse grained permissions defined in the Android permission system. Additionally, some malicious applications ask for more than required permissions to exploit the personal and sensitive data of user. The objective of this chapter is twofold: getting familiar with Permission based attacks in Android, applying Reverse Engineering technique on the malicious apk file for controlling permission attacks and removing malicious code from the source code of Android apk file.
Cloud Robotics
Authors: Saravanan K.
Published: March 2017

Cloud robotics is an emerging field which enables the web enabled robots to access the cloud services on the fly. Cloud Robotics was born by merging robotics with the cloud technologies. The robot intelligence is no more in the robot itself but remotely executed on the cloud. Robot acts as thin-client. There are several frameworks already in development and still growing. With the help of high speed networks using 4G/5G technologies, offloading of computation and storage in cloud is the further step in robotic evolution. This chapter deals the exploration of cloud robotics with its architecture, applications and existing frameworks. Also, existing research carried out is summarized in this chapter. The future challenges are discussed to foresee the opportunities in cloud robotics. It aims for the complete study on how robots leverages the cloud computing.
“Power Is Only a Word”
Authors: Campos Jr. Eddie
Published: March 2017

This chapter aims to define and examine the role of language and political power as they appear in two of George Orwell's most influential works: Nineteen Eighty-Four and the essay “Politics and the English Language.” These complimentary, though at times seemingly contradictory, works build a philosophy of language which sees the spoken and written word used as weapons for an authoritarian regime. By comparing Orwell's essay and novel, as well as explaining their connection to the Whorfian theory of Linguistic Relativity, the author hopes to track the development of Nineteen Eighty-Four's Newspeak as the ultimate language of control in a fictionalized world which seemed all too possible to its author.
Service Marketing
Authors: Sethi Jaya Ashish
Published: March 2017

The chapter gives an overview of Services Marketing, The chapter deals with the characteristics of Services and the need of services marketing. The chapter also focuses on the types of Services. The elements of the marketing mix as are applied in case of tangible goods are equally applicable to services marketing also. Hence a thorough analysis is done on the Service marketing mix i.e. Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process and Physical evidence. An overview of the various decisions to be taken under each has also been taken care of.
Services Marketing
Authors: Sood Tulika
Published: March 2017

Service Sector which is considered to be the sector of the millennium and one of the key drivers of India's economic growth. The objective of the chapter is to identify the growth and challenges of the sector. The chapter also portrays some of the developments and major investments by companies in the services sector in India. The Government of India recognizes the importance of promoting growth in services sectors and provides several incentives in wide variety of sectors such as health care, tourism, education, engineering, communications, transportation, information technology, banking, finance, management, among others. The chapter provides a sneak peek into the various service industries in India.
Marketing of Services
Authors: Mathew Viju
Published: March 2017

Services marketing have gone through a revolution of changes in the recent past. Managing a service requires knowledge and understanding of its characteristics must have deep insight of standard ‘8 Ps' of the integrated marketing mix. The objectives of the chapter are to provide clear understanding of the basic differences between goods and services; to recognize how marketing of service can be used as a competitive advantage for an organization in any sector producing variety of products; to appreciate the factors that create the customer's service experience and how organization can improve customer experience; comprehend the importance of services marketing in present scenario of global competition. This chapter reflects the challenges and characteristic of marketing of service using integrated service management, and how organization organize and design the service for delivering quality for the customer and formulate strategies to address the constrains in Marketing of Services.
Marketing of Microfinance for Rural Women
Authors: Mathur Pallavi , Agarwal Parul
Published: March 2017

Microfinance, the provision of financial services to poor and under-served societies, has emerged as one of the most promising possibilities for stimulating rural economic development through local enterprise. Banking sector in India has proved to be one of the largest sectors in the Indian financial system. Earlier banks restrained from lending to the poor due to high transaction cost and high credit risk involved in dealing with such kind of population. Microfinance programme aims at reaching out to the poor population especially women thus fulfilling the objectives under the financial inclusion.
Promoting Service Innovation and Knowledge Management in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: March 2017

This chapter indicates the overview of hospitality industry; the concept of service innovation; service innovation and customer demand; the importance of service innovation in the hospitality industry; the concept of Knowledge Management (KM); the advanced issues of KM in the hospitality industry; competency models in the hospitality industry; and the importance of KM in the hospitality industry. Service innovation has the potential to create the business growth perspectives, to lead markets that have the economic impact, and to bring about the structural and economic changes in the hospitality industry. KM seeks to make the best use of the knowledge that is available to the hospitality industry, while creating new knowledge in the process. The chapter argues that promoting service innovation and KM has the potential to enhance organizational performance and reach strategic goals in the hospitality industry.
Excel-lence in Data Visualization?
Authors: Raubenheimer Jacques
Published: March 2017

Spreadsheets were arguably the first information calculation and analysis tools employed by microcomputer users, and today are arguably ubiquitously used for information calculation and analysis. The fluctuating fortunes of PC makers coincided with those of spreadsheet applications, although the last two decades have seen the dominance of Microsoft Excel in the spreadsheet market. This chapter plots the historical development of spreadsheets in general, and Excel in particular, highlighting how new features have allowed for new forms of data analysis in the spreadsheet environment. Microsoft has undoubtedly cast Excel as a tool for the analysis of big data through the addition and development of features aimed at reporting on data too large for a spreadsheet. This chapter discusses Excel's ability to handle these data by means of an applied example. Data visualization by means of charts and dashboards is discussed as a common strategy for dealing with large volumes of data.
Big Data in Official Statistics
Authors: Zeelenberg Kees , Braaksma Barteld
Published: March 2017

Big data come in high volume, high velocity and high variety. Their high volume may lead to better accuracy and more details, their high velocity may lead to more frequent and more timely statistical estimates, and their high variety may give opportunities for statistics in new areas. But there are also many challenges: there are uncontrolled changes in sources that threaten continuity and comparability, and data that refer only indirectly to phenomena of statistical interest. Furthermore, big data may be highly volatile and selective: the coverage of the population to which they refer, may change from day to day, leading to inexplicable jumps in time-series. And very often, the individual observations in these big data sets lack variables that allow them to be linked to other datasets or population frames. This severely limits the possibilities for correction of selectivity and volatility. In this chapter, we describe and discuss opportunities for big data in official statistics.
Linked Open Statistical Metadata
Authors: Cotton Franck , Gillman Daniel
Published: March 2017

Linked Open Statistical Metadata (LOSM) is Linked Open Data (LOD) applied to statistical metadata. LOD is a model for identifying, structuring, interlinking, and querying data published directly on the web. It builds on the standards of the semantic web defined by the W3C. LOD uses the Resource Description Framework (RDF), a simple data model expressing content as predicates linking resources between them or with literal properties. The simplicity of the model makes it able to represent any data, including metadata. We define statistical data as data produced through some statistical process or intended for statistical analyses, and statistical metadata as metadata describing statistical data. LOSM promotes discovery and the meaning and structure of statistical data in an automated way. Consequently, it helps with understanding and interpreting data and preventing inadequate or flawed visualizations for statistical data. This enhances statistical literacy and efforts at visualizing statistics.
Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Marginalized Communities
Authors: Chakraborty Smarajit
Published: March 2017

The study addresses an improved understanding on the vulnerability of the people living in urban slums and objects to helping in prioritisation of efforts and optimal utilisation of limited resources for better health outcome. The study was conducted in the city of “Bhubaneswar” the state capital of Odisha in India. Focused Group Discussions were conducted in 75 slums of the city followed by a detailed analysis of the data collected. The predominant vulnerability of people living in the slums under the study is water logging and unhygienic locality. This has direct impacts on the general health particularly of children who are prone to allergies resulting in colds, asthma etc. The study also revealed that no slum falling in the category of the most vulnerable while 24 slums falling in least vulnerable and rest of 51 slums are moderately vulnerable out of 75 slums assessed. The study has important implications for the planners, program managers and policy makers of urban health especially for better for the people living in urban slums
Tails Linux Operating System
Authors: Dawson Maurice , Cárdenas-Haro Jose Antonio
Published: March 2017

After the information released by Edward Snowden, the world realized about the security risks of high surveillance from governments to citizens or among governments, and how it can affect the freedom, democracy, and peace. And organizations such as WikiLeaks has shown just how much data is collected to include the poor security controls in place to protect that information. Research has been carried out for the creation of the necessary tools for the countermeasures to all these surveillance. One of the most potent tools is the Tails system as a complement of The Onion Router (TOR). Even though there are limitations and flaws, the progress has been significant, and we are moving in the right direction. As more individuals and organizations fall under a watchful eye on their Internet activities then maintaining anonymity it not only essential for getting out information but one's safety.
An Empirical Study on the Customer Channel Choice Behavior in the Overall Process of Shopping Under O2O Mode
Authors: Dai Ting , Wen Decheng , Chen Xiao
Published: March 2017

Through dividing the entire shopping process into three stages: pre-purchase, purchase and post-purchase, this study analyzed the customers' channel choice behavior in each, from perspectives of product quality, Customers and channels. Based on a survey answered by 395 multi-channel shoppers, the findings show that the products' perceptibility and security, is positively associated with the online channel (vs. offline) during the pre-purchase and purchase stages and no significant association in the post-purchase stage. The customers' shopping motivations and network involvements are positively associated with the online channel in the pre-purchase and purchase stages, but the perceived risks are negatively associated with the online channel throughout the entire shopping experience. The channel's usefulness has a significant and positive correlation with the online channel in all three stages of shopping, but the channels' ease-of-use only has a significant and positive impact in the pre-purchase stage and weaker in the other two. The findings provide some useful suggestions for multichannel retailers.
Effect of Secondary Phase Precipitation on Impact Toughness of Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Powar Amit , Gujar Amol , Manthani Niketan , Pawar Vinayak , Singh Rajkumar
Published: March 2017

Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS) combines good mechanical strength and ductility with moderate to good corrosion resistance in a variety of environments. DSS are prone to the formation of various intermetallic phases (σ, χ, π, R), carbides (M23C6) and nitrides (Cr2N), when it exposed to temperatures lower than 1000°C. This study focuses on effect of secondary phase precipitation on impact toughness of ASTM A182 DSS. Cylindrical bar of DSS was open die forged in the temperature range of 1200-1050°C. After the forging, the bar was slow cooled by covering it with ceramic wool. This leads to the formation of σ phase at the ferrite/austenite interfaces and significantly reduced the impact toughness of the material. Solution treatment was done at different temperature and effect on toughness studied. The microstructural changes produced as consequences of the distinct test condition have been analyzed by means of optical and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction.
Solidification Analysis in Permanent Mould Casting of Aluminium Alloy LM6 Reinforced Titanium Carbide Particulates Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Fatchurrohman Nanang , Sulaiman Shamsuddin
Published: March 2017

Permanent mould casting was used as the production technique to produce the metal matrix composites (MMCs) specimens. Thermal measurements during the casting process were recorded. Based on these data, solidification graphs were plotted to understand the solidification characteristics. Solidification analysis was performed by interpreting the parameters drawn from the solidification graphs. Parameters such as; nucleation primary alpha phase temperature, liquidus arrest temperature, eutectic growth temperature and solidification time were identified. The results showed that addition of titanium carbide particulates (TiCp) into the aluminium-11.8% silicon alloy (LM6) have affected various time and temperature parameters of its solidification properties. These in turn will have an influence on the mechanical property of the MMCs.
Investigation of Chip and Surface Roughness when Milling AISI304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Kadirgama K. , Abou-El-Hossein K.
Published: March 2017

Stainless steel was used for many engineering applications. The optimum parameters needs to be identify to save the cutting tool usage and increase productivity. The purpose of this study is to develop the surface roughness mathematical model for AISI 304 stainless steel when milling using TiN (CVD) carbide tool. The milling process was done under various cutting condition which is cutting speed (1500, 2000 and 2500 rpm), feed rate (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 mm/tooth) and axial depth (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mm). The first order model and quadratic model have been developed using Response Surface Method (RSM) with confident level 95%. The prediction models were comparing with the actual experimental results. It is found that quadratic model much fit the experimental result compare to linear model. In general, the results obtained from the mathematical models were in good agreement with those obtained from the machining experiments. Besides that, it is shown that the influence of cutting speed and feed rate are much higher on surface roughness compare to depth of cut. The optimum cutting speed, feed rate and axial depth is 2500 rpm, 0.0212 mm/tooth and 0.3mm respectively. Besides that, continues chip is produced at cutting speed 2500 rpm meanwhile discontinues chip produced at cutting speed 1500 rpm.
Synthesis of La10Si6-2xBi2xO27-x as Possible Electrolyte Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Absah Hidayatul Qayyimah Hj Hairul , Karim Afizul Hakem , Abu Bakar Muhammad Saifullah , Ming Lim Chee , Azad Abul Kalam
Published: March 2017

La10Si6-2xBi2xO27-x (x = 0.22, 0.46 and 0.72) ceramics have been synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. The calcination temperature of La10Si6-2xBi2xO27-x was 900°C for 4 hours and the sintering temperature was 1500°C for 5 hours with the heating and cooling rates of 10°C per minute. Crystal structures of La10Si6-2xBi2xO27-x have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Room temperature XRD patterns of La10Si6-2xBi2xO27-x ceramics doped with Bi3+ show hexagonal apatite structure with space group P63/m as the primary compound with minor appearance of La2SiO5 impurity as the secondary compound. As the bismuth oxide content increased the La2SiO5 impurity also increased. La10Si5.56Bi0.44O26.78 has the highest bulk density of 5.2 gcm-3 and good microstructure compared to La10Si5.08Bi0.92O26.54 and La10Si4.56Bi1.44O26.28.
Donor-Modified Anthocyanin Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell with TiO2 Nanoparticles: Density Functional Theory Investigation
Authors: Prima Eka Cahya , Yuliarto Brian , Suyatman  , Dipojono Hermawan Kresno
Published: March 2017

Nowadays, the anthocyanin natural dye has been used as a good photosensitizer for TiO2 solar cells due to its availability as well as its performance. However, the dye still has a problem regarding its narrow absorbance at 550 nm. The aim of study will extend the dye’s absorbance up to NIR spectrum, so that it will increase the TiO2 solar cell performance. The cyanidin-3-glucoside-7- diphenilamine-2'-acrylic acid (CGDA) will be introduced as the new modification of D-π-A functional material in anthocyanin dye. The investigation of the material has been carried out by the density functional theory of TD-DFT/UB3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level. The findings show that first; the dye absorbance has broadened up to 885 nm due to the reduction of gap energy and the increase of electronic transition probabilities from 84.7% to 96.0%. Second, the molecular orbital analysis shows that both diphenylamine and acrylic acid perform as promising donor and acceptor groups for anthocyanin. Third, CGDA has the light harvesting efficiency of 46.7% surrounding NIR spectrum area. Finally, the NIR anthocyanin dye possessing HOMO of -5.536 eV and LUMO of -2.886 eV fulfills the criteria of both the effective charge transfer from LUMO dye into conduction band TiO2 and the good dye regeneration by the electrolyte redox.
The Influence of Temperature on Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of PMA/PVAc Blend with Addition of TPAI Salt
Authors: Azmar Amisha , Razamin N.A.Y , Winie Tan
Published: March 2017

Ionic conductivity for polymethyl acrylate (PMA) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) blend at composition 90:10 in the presence of tetrapropyl ammoinum iodide (TPAI) showed linear increment with temperature. At selected frequencies, the values for both dielectric constant, εr and dielectric loss, εi are found to increase with temperature. It is also found that the variation of εr is in agreement with conductivity variation of PMA/PVAc-TPAI samples. The imaginary part of electric modulus,Mi showed the occurance of dispersion peak. Relaxation time of ionic charge carrier are extracted from the Mi maximum peak at various temperatures. It is found that relaxation time decreased with increasing temperature from ~10-4 s at 343 K to ~10-5 s at 373 K.
Chirality Dependence of Gas Adsorption Property of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ahmed Jamal G.R. , Islam M. Rezanur , Rahman M. Adnan , Meem J. Ferdous , Sathie R. Akter
Published: March 2017

In this work, effect of chirality on gas adsorption property of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is reported for the first time. First principles simulation of the interaction of three different chirality SWCNTs with different gas molecules is performed maintaining equilibrium tube–molecule distance. Results are obtained employing density functional theory, using the Atomistic toolkit simulation package (ATK-DFT). Nanotube density of states is observed to vary significantly due to interaction with different types of gases as well as for same gas if chirality of SWCNTs varies. The most significant finding is, the change in DOS near Fermi level is highest in mod 2 type semiconducting SWCNT for different gas molecules irrespective of donor or acceptor. Thus, proper selection of chirality of SWCNT is important to make nanotube based gas sensor and mod 2 types semiconducting SWCNTs should get preference over mod 1 type as a sensing element so as to get better sensitivity.
Flow Insulation Characteristics of Combined Two Cordierite Alumina Porous Plates with Free Space
Authors: Khantikomol Preecha , Polsongkram Maitree
Published: March 2017

Flow insulator is the material which having fluid flow through itself resulting to the fluid temperature difference between the upstream and downstream regions. The flow insulation characteristics of combined two cordierite alumina (Cr-Al) porous plates with 2 mm free space was investigated experimentally. The results indicated the air temperature drop across the flow insulator and the thermal efficiency increase with the inlet air temperature and decrease with increasing air flow rate. The higher PPI porous plate placing upstream layer resulted in increasing the thermal efficiency of the flow insulator significantly.
Composite Material Modeling under Drop Weight Impact Test Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Tanadrob Krirkkajon , Suvanjumrat Chakrit
Published: March 2017

Composite material referred to build speed boats with a lightweight and also endured to support a crushing load. To design and analyze speed boats to support a collision accident, the composite material would be implemented into finite element model. This research had proposed the material model of a fiberglass composite material which used to construct speed boats in Pattaya, Thailand. The rectangular plate of composite material was analyzed according to the drop weight impact test. The orthotropic and isotropic material models were applied to define material properties of the finite element model of the fiberglass plate. The finite element analysis (FEA) results were compared with experimental data. The FEA with isotropic material for modeling the fiberglass material results were in good agreement with experiment. There was an average difference of 0.4195 J when compared the residual energy with the experimental data. Consequently, this fiberglass material model would be used to analyze the speed boat collision in a further work.
Failure Analysis of Glass/Epoxy and Graphite/Epoxy Laminates due to the Effect of Variation in Lamination Scheme and Angle of Fibre Orientation
Authors: Noh Nurul Najwa , Samsudin Azizul Hakim , Mahmud Jamaluddin
Published: March 2017

Understanding the failure behaviour of composite laminate is crucial in designing a reliable composite structure. Failure analyses have been carried out widely. Nevertheless, the composite laminate displacements before the occurrence of failure have not been analysed thoroughly, especially when comparing between Glass/Epoxy and Graphite/Epoxy, which are the two most common composite laminates. For example, it could be observed that the lamination schemes and variations of angle orientation could affect the displacements and failure behaviour of the symmetric laminate. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the effect of lamination scheme and angle variations to the displacements and failure behaviour of two most common composite laminates, which are Glass/Epoxy and Graphite/Epoxy laminates. Finite element modelling and analysis of symmetric Glass/Epoxy and Graphite/Epoxy laminates with various angles of fibre orientation subjected to uniaxial tension are performed. Maximum Stress Theory and Tsai-Wu Failure Criteria are employed to determine the failure load. Prior to that, convergence analysis and numerical validation are carried out. Displacements and failure behaviour of the Glass/Epoxy and Graphite/Epoxy laminates (symmetric) are analysed. The failure curves (FPF and LPF) for both theories (Maximum Stress Theory and Tsai-Wu) are plotted and found to be very close to each other. Therefore, it can be concluded that the current study is useful and significant in enhancing knowledge about the failure behaviour, deformation behaviour and mode of failure of composite laminate.
Effect of ENR Contents on Cure Characteristic and Properties of NR/ENR/EVA Foam
Authors: Thongpin Chanchai , Muanwong Achiraya , Yanyongsak Jatuporn , Lorphaitoon Pongsakorn
Published: March 2017

This research studied foaming of natural rubber (NR), epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) blends vulcanizate. The contents of NR/ENR/EVA investigated were 60/10/30, 70/10/20, 50/20/30 and 60/20/20 to keep NR based to 70 and 80 % by weight whereas EVA contents were 20 and 30 % by weight. ENR used in this research was ENR 50. The content of ENR was varied as 10 and 20 % by weight with restpect to total polymer content. The Efficient vulcanization and peroxide systems were used for rubber vulcanization in order to cure both rubber and EVA. Oxydibenzenesulfonyl hydrazide (EW or OBSH) was used as foaming agent. The results showed that rubber blends with 20% ENR tended to show better compatibilization between NR and EVA. The viscosity of rubber blend which indicated by minumum torque was increased with the content of ENR. Cell size of rubber blends foam containing ENR 20 % showed rather normal distribution than ENR 10%. Foam with high content of NR based rubber showed slightly higher density than the other systems. Tensile properties of rubber blends foam were dependent upon NR based contents and compatibility between NR and EVA. Rubber blends foam with high ENR content showed higher specific secant modulus. The specific tensile strength and elongation at break were slightly inferior. The specific tear resistance of the rubber foam was independent on compatibility. High EVA content reduced both specific compressive modulus and compressive strength of the foam. For the foam that contained EVA domain showed permanent deformation and hence high in compression set. Compatibilized rubber blend foams and the foam with high EVA possessed low ball rebound resilience.
Mechanical Characterization of Graphite and CNT Reinforced Aluminium-5083
Authors: Smart D.S. Robinson , Johns Nithin P. , Smart Joses Jenish
Published: March 2017

Aluminium composites are widely used in a variety of applications including aerospace, automotive, defence, thermal as well as in sports and avocation. Technological and industrial demands often account to inculcating special properties to materials to achieve its target that may not be achieved by conventional materials. This phenomenon was widely observed in the recent decades in fields of aerospace and transport where high performance materials with low densities are required. The primary objective of this work is to develop an Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite (AMMC) by in-situ stir casting for naval applications and successfully bring about self-lubrication properties, thereby lowering wear rate and improving corrosion resistance. This is done by adding graphite at various weight fractions to the base metal. The fabricated composites are subjected to various mechanical tests and corrosion test. It was found that ,increase in graphite addition improves the Microhardness of the material, improves the wear resistance and enhances its corrosion resistance. The materials were further observed and found that , there will be lower tensile strengths compared to the base metal with increase in addition of graphite particles.
Structural and Electrical Properties of Graphite in Polyaniline/Graphite (PANI/G) Composites
Authors: Atiqah T.N. , Tan Soo Jin , Foo K.L. , Supri A.G. , Abdullah M.F.
Published: March 2017

Polyaniline and graphite composites at different graphite loading were synthesized via solution method by using N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent. The structural and electrical properties of the composites were analyzed by using XRD, FT-IR and four-point probe method. The increment in the graphite content improved the conductivity of polyaniline (PANI) from 0.017 to 0.050 S/cm. The improvement in conductivity were also being observed through peak shifted in XRD pattern and FT-IR spectra.