bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN DAYA LEDAK OTOT TUNGKAI DENGAN KEMAMPUAN SMASH PADA EKTRAKURIKULER BOLAVOLI DI SMP NEGERI 6 KOTA LUBUKLINGGAU
Authors: Gustiawan Handro , Putra M. Rusni Eka , Suhdy Muhammad
Published: December 2021

The problem in this study is that volleyball extracurricular students at SMP Negeri 6 Lubuklinggau City still have jumps and punches in the weak category, this is due to the weak power of the students' leg muscles which causes the smash to be performed less than optimal. The research objective was to determine whether there was a relationship between the explosive power of the leg muscles and the smash ability of volleyball players at SMP Negeri 6 Lubuklinggau City. The variables of this study were the leg muscle explosive power as the independent variable, and the smash ability was the dependent variable. This type of research is correlational research. This research was conducted on 14 male volleyball extracurricular students at SMP Negeri 6 Lubuklinggau City. The instrument for collecting the explosive power of the leg muscles used the vertical jump test and the smash used the smash ability test. The data analysis technique used the product moment correlation formula. The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between the leg muscle explosive power (x) and the volleyball smash ability (y), the calculation result was rxy = 0.55 from this value can be categorized as moderate. The results stated that there was a significant relationship between the explosive power of leg muscles on the smash ability of volleyball extracurricular students at SMP Negeri 6 Lubuklinggau City, this was stated based on hypothesis testing where t hit = 2.280 > t tab = 2.178.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS II SD NEGERI 18 LUBUKLINGGAU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TALKING STICK
Authors: Hanisah Hanisah
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas II SD Negeri 18 Lubuklinggau dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Talking Stick. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (Action Research) dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Talking Stick. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan melalui model pembelajaran Talking Stick pada kelas II SD Negeri 18 Lubuklinggau dapat meningkat, rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 59,85 dengan persentase ketuntasan sebesar 64,74%, pada siklus ke II rata-rata hasil belajar siswa sebesar 69,11 dengan persentase ketuntasan sebesar 70,084%, dan pada siklus ke III rata-rata hasil belajar siswa sebesar 82,66 dengan persentase ketuntasan sebesar 80,56%. Hal ini berarti jumlah siswa yang mencapai nilai KKM (70) telah melampaui kriteria keberhasilan yang ditetapkan yaitu 75% sehingga dapat disimpulkan model pembelajaran Talking Stick  dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa.
Prognostic Significance of Pre-treatment Serum Inflammatory Biomarkers on Survival in Patients with Carcinoma Cervix Treated by Radical Radiotherapy or Chemo-radiation
Authors: Nair Lekha Madhavan , Babu Aneesha , M Jagathnath Krishna K , Kumar Aswin , Mathews Susan , Joseph John , James Francis Vadakkumparambil
Published: December 2021

Background: Inflammation has an important role in the initiation and progression of carcinoma cervix. The measurement of inflammatory biomarkers is a cost-effective method of identifying patients at high risk of recurrence after treatment. This study was done to identify the influence of pre-treatment inflammatory biomarkers on survival in patients treated with radical chemo-radiation or radiation. Methods: Patients with biopsy proven carcinoma cervix treated with Radiotherapy or Chemo-radiation from January 1st, 2016 to September 30th, 2017 were included. Pre-treatment complete blood counts, differential counts, serum albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were obtained. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and CRP Albumin ratio (CAR) were calculated. The best cut off values for NLR, PLR, serum albumin, CRP and CAR were found out from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. OS (Overall Survival) and DFS (Disease Free Survival) were estimated using Kaplan -Meier method. The prognostic value of inflammatory biomarkers on survival was assessed by cox regression model. Results: Sixty-three patients were included. The median follow up was 42.5 months. The best cut off values for NLR, PLR, albumin, CRP and CAR from the ROC curve were 2.36, 122.725, 3.95, 0.65 and 0.8 respectively. The three-year OS and DFS probability were 68.3% and 63.5% respectively. Patients with CAR >0.8 had 5.7 times more risk of death and 6.01 times risk of relapse or progression compared to patients with CAR ≤0.8. Conclusion: Patients with a CRP-Albumin ratio of more than 0.8 are at significant risk of relapse and death after chemoradiation or radiation.
Epidemiological Profile and Clinicopathological Correlates of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients at Regional Cancer Centre
Authors: Verma Richa , Lal Jakhar Shankar , Sharma Neeti , Kumar H. S. , Beniwal Surender
Published: December 2021

Background: Breast Cancer is the most common cancer among woman worldwide. In India breast cancer remains the leading cause of both incidence and mortality. Triple negative breast cancer is more difficult to treat as it does not respond to hormone therapy medicines or medicines that target receptor proteins (like HER 2 Neu). It is crucial for the physician to know the status of the disease as the patient can be subjected to a whole new avenue of treatment. The present study was done to assess the epidemiological profile and clinicopathological correlates of patients of triple negative breast cancer. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in Acharya Tulsi Cancer and Research Institute located in the state of Rajasthan, Bikaner, India, among Ca Breast patients presenting to Medical Oncology, Radiation Oncology and Surgical Oncology outdoor & indoor from April 2016 to March 2017. Out of the total 1017 patients of carcinoma breast 957 were included in this Study. Exclusion criteria was non availability of ER, PR, HER2 neu status reports because of various reasons like affordability. Out of the total 957 patients 249 were found to be triple negative. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 21. Results: Mean age of the patients was 46±11.23 years. Out of total 249 patients of triple negative breast carcinoma, 91 (%) were found to have had clinical staging I and II (Early stage) and 158 (%) patients were found to have clinical staging III & IV (Late Stage). Mean size of the tumor was 3.6±1.94cm. 151 (60.6%) were pre-menopausal, 103 (41.4%) and 12 (4.8%) patients had positive family history. All of or patients diagnosed to have Ductal type of carcinoma. Lympho-vascular invasion was seen in 51 (20.5%) patients and High grade Histological Grading was seen in High Grade 169 (67.9%) patients. 172 (69.1%) undergone MRM (Modified Radical Mastectomy) and BCS was done in 74 (29.7%) patients. After comparison of triple Negative Breast Cancer with non-triple Negative Breast Cancer, lower age, later stages (III and IV), pre-menopausal status and high grade (on histology) were significantly more in negative type of Ca breast. Occurrence of early Menarche (< 13 Years) and history of OC pills used was almost equal in both the groups. Conclusion: Triple Negative Breast Cancer was found to present at an earlier age and more in pre – menopausal women. Such patients presented with a higher histological grade of tumor and late stage of presentation. There was no statistically significant association between TNBC and age of menarche, use of OC pill, previous exposure to radiotherapy and positive family history in first degree relative.
Evaluation of Precancerous Breast Lesion Upgrade Rate
Authors: Hashemi Esmat Alsadat , Haghighat Shahpar , Olfatbakhsh Asieh , Jafari Maryam , Yasaei Mehrdad
Published: December 2021

Background: Breast imaging guided core-needle biopsy enable the assessment of suspected precancerous lesions. In some precancerous lesion there is a risk of upgrading to cancer after surgical removal. This study was conducted to determine the upgrading rate of CNB-diagnosed precancerous breast lesions. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to examine the data of patients who had undergone core needle biopsy from April 2016 to March 2019 at the Radiology Department of the Breast Clinic of Motamed Cancer Institute and whose pathological reports were indicative of a precancerous lesion such as atypical ductal hyperplasia, sclerosing adenosis, flat epithelial atypia or papillary lesion and had undergone surgery for this lesion. The upgrading rate and its related factors such as the size of the lesion, patient’s age, family history of breast cancer and method of core-needle biopsy were analyzed in SPSS software. Results: A total of 241 patients were recruited with a pathological report of pre-cancerous predisposing lesions. The mean age of the patients was 42.14 years and the highest upgrading rates in the analysis were observed for papillary lesion (19.3%) and atypical ductal hyperplasia, (21.4%), while the upgrading rates were (1.2% ) for sclerosing adenosis and (0%) for flat epithelial atypia. Data analysis showed that the lesions’ upgrading rate correlated with the lesion’s size (P=0.005).Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that size of the lesions increase the risk of upgrading to cancer, which is much higher in papillary lesion and atypical ductal hyperplasia compared to sclerosing adenosis and flat epithelial atypia. It seems that surgical excision of the entire lesion in patients with larger mass size may decrease the upgrading rate of cancer. Conducting specific studies on each distinct lesion can help yield more conclusive results.
Empirical Analysis of Poverty Reduction and Governance in Pakistan: A Qualitative Comparison with Sub-Continent
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Mehmood Rana Khalid , Anjum Muhammad Naeem
Published: December 2021

Government stability, law, and order, internalconflict, government effectiveness, regulatoryquality, quality of bureaucracy, corruption, external conflict,investment profile, military in politics, religious tensions, andethnic are the key policy variables that are directly and stronglycorrelated with all strategies and measures to reduce poverty. Andthese are summarised in one terminology, i.e., 'Governance’. So,quality of governance is crucial to lessen hunger. However, thisidea is not empirically tested, especially in the case of the sub-continent. First of all, this paper presents a statistical analysis ofthis phenomenon in the case of the sub-continent and then offersto make an econometric analysis of the link between politicalgovernance and strategies of poverty reduction in the case ofPakistan. Time series data from the year 1984 to 2015 is used foreconometric analysis. After checking stationary of variables, co-integration among variables, stabilities of an econometric model,ARDL technique is used for estimation. What follows is theconclusion that that governance is directly affecting the schemesto reduce poverty. Moreover, the pragmatic recommendations forreduction in poverty are given in this paper.
Language as Power: Construction of Social Reality on Riffat Abbas Poetry "A Dream on the Intersection of Past and Future"
Authors: Nawaz Rafida , Murtaza Syed Hussain , Akbar Muqarab
Published: December 2021

The poetic approach to constructing social reality is a significant source of reflection on the livedexperience of voiceless ordinary men and women. Poetic expression becomes a source of power andresistance expressed through language. Social reality expressed in poetry constructs a vision of historybeyond time. The civilizational heritage of Multan dates back to the time of Rag Ved. The City's richesattracted many conquerors, subdued but never defeated. As Poet himself is the product of land andculture, Riffat Abbas's poetry expresses all the imprints that land has carved on his Cognition. His poetryrepresents the phenomena of continuity and preservation of cultural heritage in the face of all historicalupheavals. The paper aims to analyze the social reality constructed in Riffat Abbas's poetry opting forthe method of discourse analysis given by Mitchel Foucault to study the progressive trends on socialattributes, societal relations, and socio-political system.
A Critical Analysis of Coalition Politics in Pakistan A Case Study of PPP-led Coalition 2008-2013
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Touqeer Akhter , Faqir Khan
Published: December 2021

Coalition politics have played a unique role in the modernsystem of governance. It played a vital role in politics forbringing the smaller political parties closer by reducing the chances ofserious conflicts. Coalitions can be governmental, which are formed afterelections, and coalitions also can be formed before elections. Like most ofthe Third World countries, Pakistan is an emerging democratic state witha multi-party setup. Present research work tried to analyze differentaspects of coalition politics since the creation of Pakistan; however, thescope of this research was restricted to the era from 2008 to 2013. Thestudy has included the concept of coalitions, the formation of coalitions,their governance, terminations, and their implications on the politics ofPakistan. In order to get pinpoint the performance of the coalition during2008-2013, primary sources, including official documents, statements,and interviews, and secondary sources like books, journals, newspapers,and websites have been consulted. Basically, it is qualitative research, butsometimes quantitative material is also utilized. To complete the research,historical, descriptive, and experimental methods were used. The studyrevealed that how coalition politics has become a backbone of democracyin Pakistan, where many parties were getting representation in thelegislative assembly. Here, the successful tenure of the PPP-led coalitiongave new hope to the political stakeholders to work together for sustainabledemocracy in Pakistan.
Management and market intelligence indicators based on the application of a tourism destination analysis model
Authors: TOMAZZONİ Edegar , TOMAZİN Mariana , OLİVEİRA Renata
Published: December 2021

This study is contextualized in the guidelines of the Ministry of Tourism of Brazil, promoting integrated itineraries and regionalization of tourism. The objective of the research is to analyze the development of tourism destinations, through the availability, access and application of the destination tourist indicators, which is selected in information for academic, organizational and managerial knowledge, based on the concept of intelligence in tourism. The destination selected for the application is the municipality of Bento Gonçalves (Rio Grande do Sul), known as the Brazilian capital of grapes and wines, is one of the main tourist destinations in southern Brazil. In 2010, academic research concerning the development in the municipality, showed positive points related to the general infrastructure, services and tourist equipment, as well as its importance in the regional and national tourism context. For the current research, the methodological design consists a theoretical review on the theme of management and smart tourism destinations, the tourist destination and region contextualization, and analytical correlations of collected data, using the expanded and updated instrument of the previous research, with questions open and closed, structured in ten conceptual axes. The methodology, of qualitative and quantitative nature, was complemented by document analysis. Evidence from the field research shows that the destination has evolved significantly in economic, governance and administrative intelligence terms, consolidating its regional position.
Effects of lower alcohols on nanocomposite particles for inhalation prepared using O/W emulsion
Authors: Takeuchi Issei , Kimura Yukie , Nakajima Takehisa , Makino Kimiko
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Inhalable nanocomposite particles using O/W emulsions were studied. The effect of the composition of the dispersed phase on the nanoparticles in the nanocomposite particles was reported, however, the effect on the inhalation characteristics of nanocomposite particles has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to study the effects of lower alcohols in the dispersed phase of O/W emulsions on inhalable nanocomposite particles. METHODS: Nanocomposite particles were prepared using a spray dryer from O/W emulsion. A mixed solution of dichloromethane and lower alcohols in which rifampicin (RFP) and poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) were dissolved was used as a dispersed phase, and an aqueous solution in which arginine and leucine were dissolved was used as a continuous phase. RESULTS: We succeeded in preparing non-spherical nanocomposite particles with an average diameter of 9.01–10.91 μm. The results of the fine particle fraction (FPF) measurement showed that the higher the hydrophobicity of the lower alcohol mixed in the dispersed phase, the higher the FPF value. The FPF value of the nanocomposite particles was significantly increased by using ethanol and 1-propanol. CONCLUSIONS: The results were revealed that mixing 1-propanol with the dispersed phase increased the amount of RFP delivered to the lungs.
The effects of full weight-bearing mobilization on clinical outcomes and subsidence in cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty in osteoporotic patients: A retrospective single-center study
Authors: Başar Betül , Başar Hakan
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Early full weight-bearing mobilization is controversial in osteoporotic patients who have undergone uncemented hemiarthroplasty (UCH). OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the results of early full weight-bearing mobilization in CH and uncemented hemiarthroplasty (UCH). The effect of subsidence on the results was also evaluated. METHODS: Fifty-nine patients who underwent CH and UCH were evaluated. The mean age was 79.8 years (10 females, 15 males) for CH and 75.5 years (10 females, 24 males) for UCH. All patients started immediate full weight-bearing mobilization and weight-bearing exercises. RESULTS: There was no difference between the groups according to the Harris Hip Score. Both groups were evaluated in subgroups according to whether there is varus in the femoral stem. There was no difference between subgroups according to the Harris Hip Score. The femoral subsidence was not determined in CH group. In the UCH group, the subsidence was 1.13 ± 1.03 mm in varus femoral stem subgroup and 0.81 ± 0.85 mm in without femoral stem varus subgroup. There was no difference in subsidence between femoral stem with varus and without varus. The subsidence did not affect the Harris Hip Score. CONCLUSION: Full weight-bearing mobilization could be safely preferred in UCH, as in CH. Femoral stem varus below 5 degrees does not affect the results and subsidence.
Assessment of systemic joint laxity in the clinical context: Relevance and replicability of the Beighton score in chronic fatigue
Authors: Bernhoff Gabriella , Huhmar Helena , Käll Lina Bunketorp
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Persistent symptoms in patients with systemic joint laxity (SJL) are often equivalent with complications. Screening for SJL is an important part of the assessment of musculoskeletal phenotype. The common measuring tool, the Beighton score (BS), still has unclear evidence. OBJECTIVE: To assess the Beighton score in a clinical context for (1) ability to classify SJL as absent or present (criterion validity), and (2) interrater reliability (physician-physiotherapist), for a dichotomous cut-off (yes/no), as well as for interpretation in categories (no, some, clear SJL). METHODS: This real-world observational study included 149 consecutive patients seeking secondary care for investigation of possible myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Assessment was done during a routine examination. Data were evaluated with Cohen’s kappa and Spearman’s rho. RESULTS: BS criterion validity showed poor agreement with the assessment of SJL: percentage agreement was 74 % and kappa 0.39 (3-cut level), 73 % and kappa 0.39/0.45 (4-/5-cut level). The best interrater reliability was moderate (rho 0.66) for interpretation in categories. CONCLUSIONS: The BS alone was not a reliable proxy for SJL and should be supplemented with a targeted history. Nevertheless, its interrater reliability was acceptable, and the categorised score appears to have greater clinical relevance than the dichotomous score.
Tertiary rehabilitation in acute ankle sprain caused by sports training
Authors: Li Shuyi , Ding Mengqi
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: An ankle sprain is a common joint sprain in sports injury, which is closely related to its physiological position and anatomical characteristics, and may progress into chronic ankle instability after improper early treatment or premature exercise. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the tertiary rehabilitation effect of acute lateral ankle sprain caused by sports training. METHOD: Ninety-six athletes with acute lateral ankle sprain diagnosed from January 2019 to June 2020 were included and divided into the control group and the rehabilitation group using the random number table grouping method, with 48 cases in each group. The two groups received standardized treatment, and the rehabilitation group additionally received tertiary rehabilitation. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS ) scores, degree of ankle swelling, pain, and re-injury rate were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The AOFAS scores of the two groups increased after treatment (P< 0.05). The degree of swelling in both groups after treatment was improved (P< 0.05). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores in both groups declined two weeks after treatment, with lower results observed in the rehabilitation group The two groups showed similar results of the follow-up visit (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation exercise on acute lateral ankle sprain effectively relieves ankle swelling and pain.
Effectiveness of motor control exercises versus other musculoskeletal therapies in patients with pelvic girdle pain of sacroiliac joint origin: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mapinduzi Jean , Ndacayisaba Gérard , Mahaudens Philippe , Hidalgo Benjamin
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Pelvic girdle pain represents a group of musculoskeletal pain disorders associated with the sacroiliac joint and/or the surrounding musculoskeletal and ligamentous structures. Its physical management is still a serious challenge as it has been considered the primary cause of low back pain. OBJECTIVE: This review sought to determine the effectiveness of motor control exercises for two clinically relevant measures; i.e., pain and disability, on patients with pelvic girdle pain of sacroiliac joint origin. METHODS: This review covered only randomized controlled studies. Online databases, such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, were searched from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2019. PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies, while Review Manager was employed to synthesize data in view of meta-analysis. The PRISMA guidelines were applied for this review. RESULTS: Twelve randomized controlled trials of moderate-to-high quality were included in this review. The studies involved 1407 patients with a mean age ranging from 25.5 to 42.1 years as well as intervention and follow-up durations from 1 week to 2 years. Motor control exercises alone for pelvic girdle pain of sacroiliac joint origin were not effective in terms of pain reduction (SMD = 0.29 [-0.64,1.22]) compared to control interventions whereas they were slightly effective in terms of disability reduction (SMD =-0.07 [-0.67, 0.53]) at short-term. The combination of motor control exercises with other musculoskeletal therapies, however, revealed to be more effective than control interventions in terms of pain reduction (SMD =-1.78 [-2.49, -1.07]; 95%CI) and lessened disability (SMD =-1.80 [-3.03, -0.56]; 95%CI) at short-term. CONCLUSION: Motor control exercises alone were not found to be effective in reducing pain at short-term. However, their combination with other musculoskeletal therapies revealed a significant and clinically-relevant decrease in pain and disability at short-term, especially in peripartum period.
Association of miR-21 and miR-335 to microsatellite instability and prognosis in stage III colorectal cancer
Authors: Calvo-López Tania , Paz-Cabezas Mateo , Llovet Patricia , Ibañez Maria Dolores , Sastre Javier , Alonso-Orduña Vicente , Viéitez J.Ma. , Yubero Alfonso , Vera Ruth , Asensio-Martínez Elena , Garcia-Alfonso Pilar , Aranda Enrique , Diaz-Rubio Eduardo , Perez-Villamil Beatriz
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRs) are frequently altered in colorectal cancer (CRC) and can be used as prognostic factors. OBJECTIVE: To confirm in stage III CRC patients a reported miR signature that was associated to the presence of metastatic disease. To correlate miR expression with microsatellite instability (MSI) and mutations in RAS and BRAF. METHODS: miR-21, miR-135a, miR-206, miR-335 and miR-Let-7a expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR in 150 patients out of the 329 patients used to analyze MSI and RAS and BRAF mutations. Association with disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was analyzed. Data was confirmed by a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: MiR-21 high expression (p= 0.034) and miR-335 low expression (p= 0.0061) were significantly associated with MSI-H. A positive trend (p= 0.0624) between miR-135a high expression and RAS mutations was found. Lower miR-21 expression levels are associated with DFS (HR = 2.654, 95% CI: 1.066–6.605, p= 0.036) and a trend with OS (HR = 2.419, 95% CI: 0.749–7.815, p= 0.140). MiR-21 high expression significantly improves DFS of the poor prognosis group (T4 or N2) (p= 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Association of increased expression of miR-21 and better prognosis in the poor prognostic group may be of interest and could be explored in future prospective clinical trials.
Micropaleontological Assemblages on December-2004 Tsunamigenic Sediments Record of Climate Variation Between Cuddalore and Nagapattinam, East Coast of India
Authors: Stephen Pitchainmani V. , Suresh Gandhi M. , Selvam S. , Venkatramanan S.
Published: December 2021

Ninety-nine benthic foraminiferal species belonging to 41 genera, 26 families, 17 superfamilies and 5 suborders have been identified from 84 samples which were collected from beach (23 nos), offshore (24 nos), estuaries (8 nos), inland (23 nos) and one pit sample (6 nos), between Cuddalore and Nagapattinam in the tsunami affected coastal environment. Out of 99 species, only 20 species are living ones. The following species are appreciably distributed in different stations, namely Ammonia beccarii, Elphidiumcrispum, Rosalina globularis, Asterorotaliatrispinosa and Pararotalianipponica. The total distribution of foraminifera is higher at Cuddalore and Nagapattinam whereas at Pudupettai and Samadanpettai it is noticed in the lower order. Organic matter and living species show positive relation. No relationship is observed between dead species and the organic matter, which suggests that the dead species recorded in the sediment, must have been primarily drifted/transported as empty calcareous shells. From the sand/silt/clay ratios, it is inferred that the sediments are normally sandy in nature but silty sand dominates at deeper depths. Carbonate content establishes a positive correlation with all parameters. A fluctuation of salinity values in offshore regions indicates the influx of fresh water from Colleroon river. From the overall studies of foraminiferal distribution in this region, it may be inferred that the species distribution in the offshore region is mainly derived from the inner shelf region. To observe the earlier changes in climactic condition in marine environment mainly based on information from marine sediments. The collected samples from our study area marine sediments contain a variety of foraminifera, which archive climactic information from both planktonic and benthic assemblages and in their sedimentological compositions.
Metering equipment running error estimation model based on genetic optimized LM algorithm
Authors: Chen Liang , Huang Youpeng , Lu Tao , Dang Sanlei , Kong Zhengmin
Published: December 2021

The current method of smart meter verification relies on manual regular sampling inspection, which is heavy in workload and poor in real-time, and can’t fully monitor all the equipments. Therefore, a remote real-time error monitoring algorithm is indispensable. We propose a smart meter error estimation model based on genetic optimized Levenberg-Marquarelt (LM) algorithm. Firstly, based on the law of conservation of energy, the relationship between smart meter error and electricity consumption is established. Then, LM algorithm is optimized based on genetic algorithm and used to estimate the operating error of electricity meter. Finally, we used the actual data of the pilot cities in a province for the experiment. The results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of smart meter error estimation.
A stabilizer free spatial weak Galerkin finite element methods for time-dependent convection-diffusion equations
Authors: Al-Taweel Ahmed , Hussain Saqib , Wang Xiaoshen , Cheichan Mohammed
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we propose a stabilizer free spatial weak Galerkin (SFSWG) finite element method for solving time-dependent convection diffusion equations based on weak form Eq. (4). SFSWG method in spatial direction and Euler difference operator Eq. (37) in temporal direction are used. The main reason for using the SFSWG method is because of its simple formulation that makes this algorithm more efficient and its implementation easier. The optimal rates of convergence of 𝒪⁢(hk) and 𝒪⁢(hk+1) in a discrete H1 and L2 norms, respectively, are obtained under certain conditions if polynomial spaces (Pk⁢(K),Pk⁢(e),[Pj⁢(K)]2) are used in the SFSWG finite element method. Numerical experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the SFSWG method.
Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA with standardized physiotherapy for the treatment of pediatric lower limb spasticity: A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III clinical trial
Authors: Dimitrova Rozalina , Kim Heakyung , Meilahn Jill , Chambers Henry G. , Racette Brad A. , Bonikowski Marcin , Park Eun Sook , McCusker Emily , Liu Chengcheng , Brin Mitchell F.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Spasticity is common in cerebral palsy and can result in pain and diminished health-related quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA for lower limb spasticity treatment in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: In this registrational phase 3, multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (NCT01603628), children (2–< 17 years) with cerebral palsy and ankle spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale-Bohannon [MAS] score≥2) were randomized 1 : 1 : 1 to standardized physical therapy and onabotulinumtoxinA (4 or 8 U/kg), or placebo. Primary endpoint was average change from baseline at weeks 4 and 6 in MAS ankle score. Secondary endpoints included the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) and Global Attainment Scale (GAS). RESULTS: 381 participants were randomized. MAS scores averaged at weeks 4 and 6 were significantly reduced with both onabotulinumtoxinA doses (8 U/kg: –1.06, p = 0.010; 4 U/kg: –1.01, p = 0.033) versus placebo (–0.8). Significant improvements in average dynamic component of spasticity, measured by MTS, and in function, measured by GAS, were observed at several time points with both onabotulinumtoxinA doses versus placebo. Most adverse events were mild or moderate. CONCLUSIONS: OnabotulinumtoxinA was well tolerated and effective in reducing lower limb spasticity and improving functional outcomes versus placebo in children.
Feasibility of online PD SAFEx™ exercise rehabilitation for symptom improvements of Parkinson’s disease: A pilot study
Authors: Jarvis Charlotte , Sangarapillai Kishoree , Almeida Quincy J.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting both motor and cognitive symptoms. While medications show some improvement in motor symptoms, cognitive symptoms can worsen. In-person exercise programs, such as PD SAFEx™, are an important adjunct therapy in improving symptoms. However, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) limited in-person exercise interventions. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the effectiveness of online exercise delivery. OBJECTIVE: To identify (1) whether an online exercise intervention can achieve similar results to an identical in-person intervention and (2) if online PD SAFEx™ can alter the cognitive decline of PD patients. METHODS: 20 participants with idiopathic PD participated in a 12-week online PD SAFEx™ program and were compared to 73 participants from in-person PD SAFEx™. The primary outcome measure was the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-III measured before/after intervention. Three secondary cognitive measures were collected with the online group. RESULTS: Main effect of time on UPDRS-III scores of both groups were found (F(1,92) = 35.555, p < 0.001). No interaction was found between in-person and online groups (F(1,1) = 0.052, p = 0.820). TMT B in the online group showed significant improvements in executive function (F(1,17) = 7.095, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Online and in-person PD SAFEx™ both achieved clinically significant UPDRS-III improvement and are statistically equivalent. Online PD SAFEx™ reduced cognitive symptoms seen during COVID-19.
Effect of pentoxifylline on colon cancer patients treated with chemotherapy (Part I)
Authors: Meirovitz Amichay , Baider Lea , Peretz Tamar , Stephanos Samir , Barak Vivian
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:

Cancer progression is associated with significant systemic clinical manifestations including cachexia induced weight loss and anorexia. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a drug that has been shown to have multiple beneficial effects in cancer patients through its anti-inflammatory properties.

MAIN OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate PTX effects on colon cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.

PATIENTS and METHODS:

Forty metastatic colon cancer patients receiving chemotherapy were enrolled in this randomized study. 17 patients were treated with a full dose of PTX (400 mg TID), 9 patients with a reduced dose PTX (200 mg TID) and 23 served as controls (no PTX).

RESULTS:

Follow-up evaluations of patients included the following: physical examination; leukopenia determination; weight determination; stomatitis determination; and survival rate. Patients treated with PTX (both full and reduced doses), experienced a significant increase in weight and a reduction in stomatitis relative to the control group. Treatment with PTX also significantly increased patient survival rate. All patients treated with PTX, had a median overall survival (OS) rate of 20.4 months as compared to 13.2 months in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS:

PTX treatment of colon cancer patients, in addition to chemotherapy, significantly improved survival rates, induced weight gain and reduced stomatitis occurrence –all important parameters of cachexia.
Prevention of dysbiosis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children with acute respiratory infections after antibiotic therapy
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mazankova L.N. , Perlovskaya S.G. ,   G.N. Speranskiy Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ardatskaya M.D. ,   Central State Medical Academy , Moscow, Russian Federation, Korsunskiy A.A. ,   G.N. Speranskiy Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russian Federation,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Shestakova I.V. ,   G.N. Speranskiy Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russian Federation, Samarina O.Yu. ,   G.N. Speranskiy Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

Aim: to develop a method of dysbiotic abnormality prevention after antibiotic therapy (ABT) in early childhood. Patients and Methods: the study enrolled 90 children aged 12–60 months who were admitted to the hospital with complicated acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and received ABT. The children were randomized into three groups (each comprised of 30 children). The children received either a probiotic with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium BB-12 (group 1) or a cytomucoprotector, gelatin tannate (group 2) to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Group 3 children received ABT only. To assess microbiocenosis, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in stool were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Results: AAD was reported in 23.3% of group 1 children, 17% of group 2 children, and 46.7% of group 3 children (p=0.03). In group 2, the duration of diarrhea was significantly lower. Baseline stool concentration of SCFAs was 2.5-times lower compared to normal ranges. Further reduction in the total absolute level of SCFAs was reported in group 3 after treatment. An increase in total SCFA level, a significant increase in the relative amounts of acetic acid, and a reduction in propionic acid and (to a lesser degree) butyric acid were reported in groups 1 and 2 compared to group 3. Conclusions: an improvement in stool SCFA levels was reported in group 1 and 2 children who received probiotics or cytomucoprotector. Incorporation of these medications and ABT in the complex treatment for ARIs in children stabilized metabolic activity of microbiota through preserving the pool of indigenous microorganisms producing butyrate. KEYWORDS: antibiotic, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, acute respiratory viral infections, microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, probiotic, gelatin tannate. FOR CITATION: Mazankova L.N., Perlovskaya S.G., Ardatskaya M.D. et al. Prevention of dysbiosis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children with acute respiratory infections after antibiotic therapy. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(11):712–720 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-11-712-720.
Interaction of concurrent infection pathogens in complex comorbidity (theoretical and practical issues)
Authors:   Volga Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Shkarin V.V. , Saperkin N.V. ,   Volga Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

In case of co-infections, the human body and the pathogen form a complex parasitic system. Also, the development of the infectious process is possible according to the following scenarios: infectious process activation caused by all pathogens; predominant activation of one of the infectious processes; absence of the infectious process activation; absence of combined infection interaction. Infectious pathogens affect the human body in different ways both at the site of permeation, launching a cascade of pathological processes, and at the site of the main localization. The formation of complex comorbidity depends on the non-specific immune defense, the biological properties of pathogens, the simultaneity or sequence of infection, the intervals between infection with various pathogens, etc. This article discusses the reasons for the predominance of one of the disease clinical manifestations in concurrent infections: synergism, antagonistic microorganisms, the chain of infection, the incubation period duration. The following variants of the co-infection course and their influence on complex comorbidity are considered: the dominance of one infection clinical manifestations; the same severity of symptoms of all infections, or the formation of a more severe clinical picture compared to single infections; the aggravating effect of one infection on another; the clinical picture overlap of one infection on another. KEYWORDS: mixed infection, concurrent infection, complex comorbidity, etiology, interaction of pathogens, parasitic system, infectious process, epidemic process. FOR CITATION: Shkarin V.V., Saperkin N.V. Interaction of concurrent infection pathogens in complex comorbidity (theoretical and practical issues). Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(11):737–743 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-11-737-743.
Blood exosomes as new biomarkers of infectious diseases
Authors:   Penza State University, Penza, Russian Federation, Ageykin A.V. , Gorelov A.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Usenko D.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation, Melnikov V.L. ,   Penza State University, Penza, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

Extracellular vesicles are biological membrane objects having a size of less than 1000 nm, the main function of which is the transport of various biologically active molecules. They can also provide intercellular interactions and perform other biological functions. The review provides general information about extracellular vesicles, their varieties, morphological and microscopic features. The article gives various classifications of extracellular vesicles and considers pathogenetic features of the exosome interaction with viruses. Adding that the specific patterns of the introduction, interaction and identification of exosomes affected by viruses are determined on the example of a number of viruses. The possibility of extracellular vesicles to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, coordinating the immune system activity in response to the viral effects, is indicated. Exosome ability to mediate intercellular communication through innate and adaptive immune responses is discussed. The paper considers the prospects of using exosomes in the preventive diagnosis of infectious diseases, which will allow using exomes as the main diagnostic tool and determining the stage of infectious disease progression. The review provides information about the study of the exosome therapeutic possibilities. The authors have drawn conclusions about the importance of continuing the study of exosomes for use in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. KEYWORDS: viruses, extracellular vesicles, apoptotic bodies of exosomes, ectosomes, diagnosis, treatment. FOR CITATION: Ageykin A.V., Gorelov A.V., Usenko D.V., Melnikov V.L. Blood exosomes as new biomarkers of infectious diseases. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(11):744–748 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-11-744-748.
AmpC cephalosporinases in Escherichia coli
Authors: Nowakowska Magdalena Anna
Published: December 2021

Escherichia coli is an important pathogen causing nosocomial infections. A significant problem in the treatment of infections caused by these microorganisms is their increasing resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, including third and fourth generation cephalosporins. The production of β-lactamases enzymes such as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamases is among the main mechanisms for resistance to third generation cephalosporins. The genes encoding AmpC cephalosporinases are chromosomal (cAmpC) or plasmid-mediated (pAmpC). In E. coli, the expression of the ampC genes may be conditioned by the constitutive expression of low level ampC chromosomal genes. These strains remain susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics. However, mutations in the promoter region of the ampC may result in increased level of expression of chromosomal ampC genes. This can leads to resistance to cephalosporins. Resistance to cephalosporins in E. coli can be also associated with plasmid-mediated AmpC β−lactamases (pAmpC). In E. coli the presence of one or more plasmid-mediated AmpC β−lactamases along with the neglible expression of chromosomal encoded AmpC enzyme can leads to resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. This review is focused on a resistance mechanisms associated with the production of AmpC cephalosporinases in clinical E. coli isolates.
Socio-cultural component of hotel and restaurant complexes as a subject of scientific interest Ukrainian researchers
Authors: Danylenko Olga
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to systematize the scientific achievements of Ukrainian researchers in the field of modern hotel and restaurant complexes with an emphasis on the socio-cultural component of their service. The methodology is based on general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and the principles of objective analysis of facts and reliability. Content analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to solve the main research problem. Structural-system method - to systematize the obtained results. The interdisciplinary of scientific methodology has prompted the use of methods integrated from a number of disciplines - economics, culturology, art history, and others. The scientific novelty lies in the identification, analysis and systematization of dissertation research of Ukrainian scientists in the field of modern hotel and restaurant complexes with an emphasis on cultural and leisure and recreational and relaxation component of their service. Conclusions. In Ukrainian science, attempts to study the cultural and leisure and recreational and relaxation component of the service of hotel and restaurant complexes are embodied only in some publications. At the same time, science only affirms the complex concept of "hotel and restaurant" complex. The activities of the latter, as centers of culture and leisure, remain on the margins of modern research interest. As an important component of modern service, socio-cultural activities are usually reduced to logistical and sectorial production aspects. However, the cultural and leisure and recreational component of modern complexes affects the transformation of the traditional basis of society, which indicates its focus on meeting the needs and interests of man, which best characterizes its compliance with the requirements of the time, focused on humanizing all realities of life.