bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Encoding of Sequence Predictability and Event-Evoked Prediction Error in Unfolding Auditory Patterns
Authors: Hu Mingyue , Bianco Roberta , Hidalgo Antonio Rodriguez , Chait Maria
Published: February 2024

Human listeners possess an innate capacity to discern patterns within rapidly unfolding sensory input. Core questions, guiding ongoing research, focus on the mechanisms through which these representations are acquired and whether the brain prioritizes or suppresses predictable sensory signals. Previous work, using fast auditory sequences (tone-pips presented at a rate of 20 Hz), revealed sustained response effects that appear to track the dynamic predictability of the sequence. Here, we extend the investigation to slower sequences (4 Hz), permitting the isolation of responses to individual tones. Stimuli were 50 ms tone-pips, ordered into random (RND) and regular (REG; a repeating pattern of 10 frequencies) sequences; Two timing profiles were created: in “fast” sequences, tone-pips were presented in direct succession (20 Hz); in “slow” sequences, tone-pips were separated by a 200 ms silent gap (4 Hz). Naive participants (N = 22; both sexes) passively listened to these sequences, while brain responses were recorded using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Results unveiled a heightened magnitude of sustained brain responses in REG when compared to RND patterns. This manifested from three tones after the onset of the pattern repetition, even in the context of slower sequences characterized by extended pattern durations (2,500 ms). This observation underscores the remarkable implicit sensitivity of the auditory brain to acoustic regularities. Importantly, brain responses evoked by single tones exhibited the opposite pattern—stronger responses to tones in RND than REG sequences. The demonstration of simultaneous but opposing sustained and evoked response effects reveals concurrent processes that shape the representation of unfolding auditory patterns.
Multi-Variable Papermachine Control
Authors:   Southern Kraft Division, International Paper Company, Mobile, U.S.A., Jolliff C. C.
Published: February 2024

Supervisory control of average basis weight and moisture in the machine-direction must be achieved by different control procedures, depending upon the importance of other objectives such as production rate and dimensional stability . Maintenance of close control of refining must be modified, depending upon the number and arrangement of refiners. The control of basis weight, moisture and refining all interact with each other to increase the complexity of the control models required, since the adjustment of a single input variable may influence all three areas of control. Some of the experiences of International Paper’s Southern Kraft Division control group in working with these control areas are described.
An Advanced Information System as a Functional Part of a Newsprint Machine
Authors:   Technical Division, MacMillan Bloedel Ltd., Vancouver, B.C., Mardon J. , Barrett J. E. ,   Technical Division, MacMillan Bloedel Ltd., Vancouver, B.C., Cripps W. C. ,   Technical Division, MacMillan Bloedel Ltd., Vancouver, B.C., Monahan M. A. ,   Technical Division, MacMillan Bloedel Ltd., Vancouver, B.C., Chatwin M. A. ,   Alpulp Division, MacMillan Bloedel Ltd., Howe B. I. ,   Powell River Division, MacMillan Bloedel Ltd., Powell River, B.C., Staples R. A. C. ,   Bailey Meter Co. Ltd., Montreal, P.Q., Canada
Published: February 2024

The paper describes an information system applied to a newsprint machine as a functional addition to the operator’s capabilities . Examples of its use by the operators are given. The system was designed, as part of an initial machine installation, after the intensive study of the mode of operation of two generally similar machines. The objective was to retain the skilled operator as part of the control system, but to provide him with more information more conveniently displayed to enable better and faster decisions to be made. The stored program system permits the operator to manage the machine on an information by exception basis. The system is a Bailey 754 with alarm monitoring data display and future arithmetic capability. There are 150 analog inputs, 200 contact closures, 26 speed and draw measurements and 15 integrations. Data acquisition is continuous providing data to the parallel programmed and independently operating subsystems.
The Installation of a Computer on a Fine Paper Machine
Authors:   Bowaters U.K. Paper Co. Ltd., Engineering & Scientific Services Division, Northf1eet, Kent, Cyprus H. D. , Attwood D. ,   Bowaters U.K. Paper Co. Ltd., Engineering & Scientific Services Division, Northf1eet, Kent
Published: February 2024

The paper examines the various stages in a project to implement control of a papermachine and its associated stock preparation plant using a digital computer. The project is looked at from the initial economic feasibility through to the commissioning and implementation stage. A general description of the computer system and the control strategy employed is included. Particular mention is made of those aspects of the project not immediately associated with the control of the process, yet making important contributions to the whole system. Reference is made to the more significant problems faced during the project, giving when possible indication of lessons learned for future applications.
Automation Trends in Papermaking Systems
Authors:   Control Systems Division, Beloit Corporation, U.S.A., Keyes M. A. , Temple R. H. ,   Control Systems Division, Beloit Corporation, U.S.A.
Published: February 2024

This paper discusses the current trends in the evolution of hardware for computer control and the implications of these trends for the papermaking industry. This discussion covers, in addition to computer main frames, the development of remote analog signal multiplexing, conversion and digital data transmission, the evolution of graphic displays as operator panel replacements and the elimination of long cable runs from instruments by the use of laser data links. As an overview of the future, an indepth presentation is given of an integrated papermill computer control hierarchy (of the sort to be expected within five years). In this configuration, the actual process control is performed by a number of freestanding (that is, no special computer room), small (20 in x 20 in x 60 in) computers dedicated to the direct digital control of the process sub-units (for example, grinders, bleaching plant, head box, dryer section and coaters). These first level computers are subservient to a larger foreground/background computer, performing such functions as control parameter optimisation, management information reduction and presentation, as well as on-line optimum production scheduling. This portion of the paper also includes a discussion of the control techniques and strategies that will be in common use at this date and the additional process variables that will be on computer control (gloss, air permeability, colour and caliper). A part of this discussion covers the future state of the art, which will be approaching the control of the distributed parameter aspects of the process (such as cross-machine moisture and basis weight control).
Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases – past, present and beyond
Authors: Oswalia Jyoti , Vasdev Kavita
Published: February 2024

Surge in infectious diseases either emerging or re-emerging can be seen almost every year. The emergence can occur in different forms such as an adaptation of the organism to provide resistance against an antibiotic or mutation in an existing non-pathogenic strain making it virulent strain or spread of a zoonotic agent to the humans. The advancement in infection only goes on to continue without any hindrance due to the various factors including increased population, intense inter globe travelling, climate change, and loss of habitat. The control of emerging or re-emerging diseases is quite difficult but not impossible, this review underlines the factors responsible for the emergence and possible precautionary measures that can be taken, along-with the detailed mention of various pandemics faced by human kind.
Design of non-zero dispersion shifted fiber with large effective area based on variational method
Authors: E Seraji Faramarz , Emami Ali , Pakzad Afshar Niloofar
Published: February 2024

The determination of design parameters of large effective area fiber with segmented-core profile is presented by using simple variational method to obtain the effective area, mode field diameter, and dispersion of the fiber. The designed fiber has a large effective area of 171.1 μm2 with mode field diameter, dispersion, and normalized cut off frequency of 9.7 μm, 2.85 ps/nm.km, 2.491, respectively. The results have shown that the fiber with a bending radius of 35 mm, has a very low bending loss of 0.0053 dB/km. The calculated of parameters values of designed non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber (NZDSF) have shown that with a segmented-core profile of radius 3.5 μm, with a ring width of 0.2 μm, the core effective area Aeff increases from 152.3 μm2 to 189 μm2, which in practical point of view, is an achievement to reduce the nonlinearity effects in the NZDSF as transmission medium.
Religion Is of Reduced Importance When Not Needed to Solve the Problems of Social Living
Authors: Caldwell-Harris Catherine L , Everett Daniel L
Published: February 2024

Purzycki and Sosis (2022) review six categories of how religious traditions solve problems of social living. We apply the six categories to the Pirahã, which the authors discuss as a religious small-scale society. We contend that the Pirahã are not religious, drawing on the six categories to explain why. All members of the Pirahã know each other. Supernatural punishment is thus not needed to curtail dishonesty and norm breaking. Food is sufficient and often abundant. Lack of competition for territory reduces a role for Gods in enforcing wise use of environmental resources. The Pirahã also have a powerful norm, the Immediacy of Experience Principle, which may reduce speculation and eventual reification of supernatural forces. We conclude that the powerful functions served by religion are not evidence that religion is fundamental to human psychology, but the opposite: religion emerges and grows in power as a result of pressure to solve compelling problems of group living. When these problems are absent or are solved by secular mechanisms, religion is absent or of reduced importance.
Krótkowzroczność w zarządzaniu prawami autorskimi do zbiorów muzealnych
Authors: Pluszyńska Anna
Published: February 2024

Prawa autorskie do zbiorów rzadko są traktowane jako istotny zasób niematerialny muzeów (pozwalający na realizację misji instytucji), którym nie tylko można, ale należy zarządzać. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że w publicznych instytucjach muzealnych przeważa krótkowzroczne podejście do zarządzania prawami autorskimi do zbiorów. Świadczą o tym m.in. myślenie o prawach w krótkiej perspektywie, czyli konkretnego, aktualnie realizowanego zadania; brak zainteresowania zmianami, jakie następują w otoczeniu, które dotyczą szczególnie cyfryzacji dóbr kultury; czy wreszcie podejmowanie działań rutynowych lub niepodejmowanie działań w ogóle z uwagi na obawę naruszenia praw. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest prezentacja wyników badań wśród publicznych muzeów w Polsce, a także wskazanie aktualnie proponowanych rozwiązań pozwalających łagodzić skutki krótkowzrocznego podejścia w zarządzaniu prawami autorskimi do zbiorów.
Register DOI Func Reg Test 021324- Changes in primary and repeat cesarean delivery: United States 2016-2021
Authors: Michelle J.K. Osterman
Published: February 2024

This report presents trends in primary and repeat cesarean delivery from 2016 to 2021 and recent changes in these rates by maternal age, race and Hispanic origin, gestational age, and state of residence from 2019 to 2021.
Sejarah Kurikulum 2013 Sebagai Implementasi Sikap Spritual Anak Didik
Authors: Isroiyah Isroiyah
Published: February 2024

The curriculum as a planned program to combine the scope, sequence, interpretation, balance of subject matter teaching techniques into a series of teaching activities. In the 2013 curriculum program, the Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) for 2010-2014 mandates the need for a realignment of the current curriculum. This study wants to explore the history of the 2013 curriculum in the context of spiritual skills. To answer this, the researchers conducted a literary research. This study found that in essence the factors behind the changes in the 2013 curriculum were: 1) The challenges of the times and the demands of maintaining morals. 2) Maximum efforts to build a whole person 3) Efforts to maximize the achievement of educational goals 4) Cultural roots and efforts to knit Indonesia 5) Respond to internal challenges 6) Respond to external challenges 7) Introduction to curriculum governance and material arrangement. Spiritual implementation in the 2013 curriculum is carried out by means of self-awareness to learn from the scientific stages of spiritual bayani, spiritual irfani and spiritual burhani. The study of spiritual bayani is a study of the spirituality of the Koran and hadith based on logical thinking or a rational approach.
Seni Arsitektur Tata Ruang Bangunan Pesantren di Indonesia
Authors: Syamsuddin Syamsuddin , Utami Tri Wardah , Khalidiyah Tuhfatul
Published: February 2024

This article discusses the architectural art of pesantren in Indonesia, especially in the art of spatial planning. The spatial art of pesantren is influenced by needs and a sense of beauty. In general, the need for a pesantren room is used for worship, diniyah, school, and a resting place for students. Along with the times, pesantren began to fulfill facilities to support the needs and creativity of the students by building health rooms, sports fields, canteens, and even mini markets. In addition, architecture is also a part of art, because architecture cannot be separated from taste. The research method used in this article is library research. The research subjects were taken from several samples that could represent pesantren in Indonesia. The results of the study found six types of pesantren , namely: Type A, the physical facilities consist of mosques and kyai's houses; Type B, physical facilities in the form of a mosque, kyai's house, dormitory; Type C or salafi pesantren, physical facilities such as Type B plus school institutions; Type D or modern pesantren, pesantren have undergone a very significant transformation both in the education system and institutional elements and are very concerned about developing the talents and interests of students; Type E, namely pesantren that do not have formal educational institutions, but provide opportunities for students to study at the level of formal education outside the pesantren; and Type F or Ma'had Aly, this type is usually found in religious colleges
The (Non)Memory of “Ethnic Childhood” as a Dimension of Cultural Heritage
Authors:   University of Gdańsk, Poland, Kożyczkowska Adela
Published: February 2024

Today, ethnic minorities have entered the second wave of emancipation. They are fighting for the right to cultural autonomy, the right to have their own past, history and social memory. The aim of the article is to learn how ethnic minorities “recover” lost social memory in the area of childhood memory and how they work to create ethnic identity again. The text is composed of four parts. The first presents selected aspects of childhood culture. The second is presents Pierre Nora’s concept of memory. The third is presents the results of research on selected ethnic literary texts (Kashubian and Silesian). The author’s conducted semantic and structural analyzes (in the approach of Roland Barthes and Paul Ricoeur). The analyzes allowed us to recognize ethnic childhood as a space of existential suffering and a time of loss of ethnic identity. The answer – in childhood and adulthood – are specific identity strategies. they are aids in constructing a new ethnic identity. The fourth part is Summary and reflection closing the text.
The State of Research on the National Education Commission in the Context of Its Anniversaries
Authors:   University of Bialystok, Poland, Kryńska Elwira
Published: February 2024

The aim of the article is to analyze the state of research on the Commission of National Education in the context of its anniversaries, especially anniversary celebrations and scientific achievements in 1873, 1973, 2013 and 2023. The historical-comparative method was used, which is used in research on the course of phenomena and processes taking place in past and is based mainly on the analysis of historical sources. Ceremonies commemorating the founding of KEN provoke increased interest in its merits, because the achievements of this distinguished institution are still in the center of attention, not only of historians, education historians, educators, lawyers, but also of those who treat the Polish Enlightenment tradition as an inspiration for reforming the education system. And this is hardly surprising, because the National Education Commission inspired young people with the spirit of citizenship and patriotism, and thus contributed to the survival of Polish culture and language. Moreover, subsequent anniversary celebrations are also a great way to pay tribute to the members and people cooperating with KEN. Generally, these are activities that serve to consolidate historical memory, because good memory of the past is also a clear awareness of the connection with the present.
The Pedagogical Concept of Penitentiary Reforms by Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Vision, Contexts, and References
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Polska, Schmidt Dariusz
Published: February 2024

The text is devoted to the analysis of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi’s pedagogical concept of reforming criminal legislation, modernizing the prison system and dealing with convicts. Although this is not the main axis of his work and covers only a few texts, the message contained in them, supported by the author’s practical activity, makes him considered one of the main prison reformers of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the mental father of the first wave of Swiss penitentiary reforms and the protoplast of the educational view of the purpose of imprisonment. After a introduction, the importance of Pestalozzi’s work and activities for modernizing the prison system is presented, followed by an analysis of his proposals in this regard. However, not only a presentation of his views on the treatment of criminals and the handling of convicts was made, but also the contexts and references of his ideas were extensively outlined, referring to his literary works, his practical outreach and education activities, but also illustrating his immersion in the current of reforms of the time and references to figures with whom he worked and valued. The author hopes that this will put Pestalozzi’s visionary postulates into a broader perspective.
Mental Representations of the Body and Malleability of the Sense of Body Ownership in Schizophrenia within the Embodied Subject Model
Authors:   The John Paul II Catolic University of Lublin, Poland, Mirucka Beata , Kisielewska Monika ,   University of Bialystok, Poland
Published: February 2024

The presented study was intended to shed some new light on the disturbance of body experience in persons with schizophrenia in reference to the Embodied Subject Model. The model proposes to complement theoretical linkages between concepts related to bodiness – body self and mental representations of the body (body schema, body image, body awareness) and a relatively new concept of body identity. The main research questions were: Given that persons with schizophrenia are characterised by the painful experience of their body as an external object, would they also manifest i/ weakened sensorimotor integration mechanisms, ii/ disordered mental representations of the body, iii/ weakened sense of body ownership? 41 individuals with schizophrenia and 41 matched controls participated in the Rubber Hand Illusion procedure. Body representations were measured with a Battery of Tests of the Body Self Representations. The individuals with schizophrenia showed lower scores in three body representations and greater susceptibility to the rubber hand illusion. It suggests that the explanation of susceptibility to disturbances in the sense of body ownership should be focused on the deficient structure of mental representations of the body.
Jidisze Mame. Two Biographies of Polish Jewish Women
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland, Cukras-Stelągowska Joanna
Published: February 2024

The article presents the biographies of representatives of the third post-war generation of Polish Jews. It attempts at reconstructing the experiences of becoming a religious Jew, choosing a Jewish path in adolescence where there is no or incomplete transmission of intergenerational cultural heritage in the family of origin. The two women’s biographies were analysed in terms of independent acquisition of cultural (religious) knowledge and the possibilities and limitations of Jewish education in our country. The research was carried out based on the biographical method and unstructured/ in-depth interviews (2018–2022). Exemplifications in the form of the two biographies serve to distinguish the stages of “becoming a religious Jew and mother” in the “found generation”, to show individual biographical events and common biographical sequences (mostly educational and parental).
Film Dilogy about Faith, Suffering, and Illness. Media Images of Catholic Priests Based on the Films Father Stu and Johnny
Authors:   University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland, Sokołowski Marek
Published: February 2024

The aim of the article is the issue of the media image of two priests, created for the needs of popular culture in biographical feature films. The first of them is the American priest Stuart Ignatius Long, portrayed in the film Father Stu. The second is the Polish priest Jan Kaczkowski, shown in the film Johnny. The films, due to the fact that they present people called to the priesthood, priests of the Catholic Church who devote themselves to religious activities, meet the criteria of religious cinema. The research issue was to determine whether the film productions about the mentioned priests are film hagiographies of clergy, confessional religious cinema or only loosely refer to the true biographies of priests. Priests, who struggled with their own handicap and illness for most of their lives, which they never hid from their faithful, did not hinder their pastoral ministry.
Wpływ zasad i wartości konstytucyjnych na prywatnoprawną zasadę słuszności
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Doliwa Adam
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this article is to establish an answer to the question whether, and if so, how, the private law value system, in particular the private law principle of equity, is influenced by constitutional values and principles. In conclusion, it is established that constitutional norms, reflecting the constitutional axiological order, should be taken into account when interpreting the function of the civil law principle of equity.
Ustrojowe wyzwania Polski przed przystąpieniem do unii walutowej w kontekście niezależności Narodowego Banku Polskiego
Authors:   Akademia Ekonomiczno-Humanistyczna w Warszawie, Sitek Paweł
Published: February 2024

Poland joined the European Union as part of the largest EU enlargement so far, which took place in 2004. Poland did not take advantage of the passing 19 years of EU membership and did not join the monetary union. The analysis of Poland’s accession to the monetary union should begin with considerations regarding the adjustment and amendment of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland in this respect. In particular, it is necessary to analyze the statutory definition of NBP independence. The literature broadly covers the subject of convergence conditions and the possibility of Poland meeting them. However, the fact is overlooked that Poland, despite the passage of 19 years from the accession to the EU, remains in a significant systemic maladjustment to the provisions of the monetary union. A particular scope of the mismatch concerns the current legal position of the NBP. The lengthening period of Poland’s accession to the monetary union determines the fact that Poland remains in the second development speed in the EU with a clear tendency to increase the distance to the countries forming the euro area.
Prawo komunikowania jako konstytucyjna reguła obowiązująca w cyberprzestrzeni
Authors:   Akademia Sztuki Wojennej, Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: February 2024

In an era of intense progress of civilisation, in the field of digital media, national public interest objectives, set at the national level, still determine regulatory considerations and instruments emphasising cultural diversity are the justification for the limitations on fundamental rights referred to in the constitutions of democratic states. It is the national legislator who determines what interests are taken into account and within what limits individual rights may be restricted, as well as what measures in enforcing these restrictions the public authority may use. This article points to the now historic importance of freedom of expression, especially its element, the right to communicate, under conditions of declining state jurisdiction, as a result of new communication technologies and the development of cyberspace.
„Lipcowa” nowelizacja Kodeksu karnego. Nowa filozofia prawa i wątpliwości konstytucyjne
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Daśko Natalia , Bojarski Janusz ,   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
Published: February 2024

The Act of July 7, 2022 introduced a thorough reform of criminal law. The effect of these changes is a significant tightening of criminal repression, e.g. in the form of extending the possible sentence of imprisonment from one month to 15 years to a period from one month to 30 years, lowering the age of criminal responsibility in special cases to 14 years or the possibility of imposing a penalty life imprisonment without the possibility of conditional early release. The changes that appeared in the Penal Code can be considered the next stage in the political struggle through activities known as penal populism. However, these changes can be viewed as the result of adopting a philosophy of criminal law different from the previous one and adopting the assumptions of neoclassicism in criminal law. However, some of these changes raise serious constitutional questions.
Constitutional Review in Poland. On the 220th Anniversary of the Case of Marbury v. Madison
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, Strzępek Kamil
Published: February 2024

In 1803, the Supreme Court of the U.S. gave a judgment in the case of Marbury v. Madison. The 220th anniversary of this event is a good occasion to describe the Polish model of constitutional review in the context of the American-style model. Although most countries have written constitutions, their constitutional review models can vary significantly. This research study was conducted to illustrate similarities and differences between the American and European models of constitutional review. In the study, the model of constitutional review in the United States and Poland was analysed. The author’s result of analyses of respective provisions of constitution and case-law in these countries presented that there are significant differences between the discussed models with regard to their organisation and functioning
On the Language of the Preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and its Functions
Authors:   University of Białystok, Doliwa Katarzyna
Published: February 2024

The object and purpose of this paper is to reflect on the linguistic form of the preamble to the current Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Like all preambles, it has a specific form that is clearly different from ordinary texts formulated in the language of the law, and as a result, its normative character is sometimes questioned in the doctrine. The text of the preamble performs a number of functions: descriptive, expressive, impressionistic, as well as performative (causal), and poetic, and can be analyzed through the lens of each of them. Thus, the analysis of the preamble differs from that of a typical utterance formulated in the language of the law.
Termination of Pregnancy as the Subject of Proceedings Against Poland before the European Court of Human Rights
Authors:   Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Michalczuk-Wlizło Marta
Published: February 2024

In Poland, women in need of termination of pregnancy are exposed, through the practice of application of law, to systemic abuse by public authorities and sometimes institutional abuse by healthcare providers. This results in the search for institutions outside of Poland to protect their reproductive rights. Therefore, it seems reasonable to draw attention to the multifaceted nature of the rationale that the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has indicated in its judgments on the legal and factual state of legal abortion in Poland. This paper is an attempt to synthesize the manifestations, indicated by the ECtHR, of Poland’s violations of the provisions of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in matters relating to the termination of pregnancy. An analysis of the content of the judgments of the ECtHR and other source texts is used in this paper as the primary research method.
MODELING OF TWO-PHASE GAS-LIQUID SLUG FLOWS IN MICROCHANNELS
Authors: Momen A. M. , Sherif S. A. , Lear W. E.
Published: February 2024

Even though numerical simulation of two-phase flows in microchannels has been attempted by many investigators, most efforts seem to have failed in correctly capturing the flow physics, especially the slug-flow regime characteristics. The presence of a thin liquid film in the order of 10 μm around the bubble (sometimes called gas pocket or gas slug) may be a contributing factor to the above difficulty. Typically, liquid films have a significant effect on the flow field. Thus, there is a strong motivation to employ numerical simulation methods to avoid some of the experimental difficulties. In this paper, the characteristics of two-phase slug flows in microchannels are calculated with the help of the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method. Formation of the slugs for different superficial velocities, capillary numbers, and gas volume fractions are investigated. The minimum mesh resolution required to capture the liquid film surrounding the gas bubble is reported employing a dynamic mesh adaptation methodology with interface tracking. Results are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data and empirical correlations.
EFFECT OF FLEXIBLE FLAP LENGTH ON FLOW GENERATION BY AN AIRFOIL PITCHING IN QUIESCENT FLUID
Authors: Thulasi Harisri M. , Menon Akshay B. , Jaiswara Prashant K. , Shinde Sachin Yashavant
Published: February 2024

We experimentally investigate the effect of the length of a chordwise flexible surface (flap) attached to the trailing edge of a symmetric rigid airfoil purely pitching in quiescent fluid on flow, and thus thrust generation. We aim to identify the optimum length of the flexible appendage necessary for coherent, orderly jet generation in a situation relating to hovering. To this end, we consider a flexible flap of a 50 μm thick polyethylene sheet. We systematically vary the length of the flexible flap (cf) over a wide range, from cf = 0.5 c to 4 c, where c is a rigid foil chord. Moreover, we explore the effect of pitching amplitude and frequency for each flap length. Based on length, the flaps are categorized as short (cf ≤ 1), moderate length (1 < cf ≤ 2), and long (cf > 2) flaps. Detailed particle visualization study reveals that flap length has the predominant effect onflow generation. We find that for small amplitude-frequency pitching, flaps with moderate length generate narrow and coherent jets, while short and long flaps generate spread out and deflected jets. For moderate amplitude-frequency pitching, flexible flaps of all lengths, except the short flaps, generate coherent and aligned jet. However, for large amplitude-frequency pitching, only a few long flaps produce a narrow jet and thrust along the centerline. Results suggest that optimum flap length is a strong function of pitching kinematics. Interestingly, we also find that more than one optimal flap length exists for moderate and large pitching parameters which generate the orderly jet with small/minimum width.
Quantifying the Effect of Consent for High–Kidney Donor Profile Index Deceased Donor Transplants in the United States
Authors: Schold Jesse D. , Conzen Kendra D. , Cooper James , Arrigain Susana , Lopez Rocio , Mohan Sumit , Husain Syed Ali , Huml Anne M. , Kennealey Peter T. , Kaplan Bruce , Pomfret Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2024

Key Points

Nationally, 41% of kidney transplant candidates consented to receive high–Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) donor offers in the United States.

There was wide variation in consent proportion for high-KDPI donors on the basis of individual characteristics and transplant centers.

Consent for high-KDPI kidneys was associated with 15% higher adjusted rates of deceased donor transplantation.

Background

Despite known benefits of kidney transplantation, including transplantation from donors with increased risk factors, many waitlisted candidates die before transplantation. Consent to receive donor kidneys with lower expected survival (e.g., Kidney Donor Profile Index [KDPI] >85%) is typically obtained at waitlist placement. The presumed benefit of consent to receive high-KDPI donor kidneys is higher likelihood and timeliness of donor offers for transplantation. However, the specific effect of consent on access to transplantation is unclear. Our aims were to evaluate the characteristics of candidates consenting to high-KDPI donor kidneys and the likelihood of receiving a deceased donor transplant over time on the basis of consent.

Methods

We used national Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data between 2015 and 2022 (n=213,364). We evaluated the likelihood of consent using multivariable logistic models and time to deceased donor transplant with cumulative incidence plots accounting for competing risks and multivariable Cox models.

Results

Overall, high-KDPI consent was 41%, which was higher among candidates who were older, were Black or Hispanic, had higher body mass index, had diabetes, had vascular disease, and had 12–48 months prelisting dialysis time, with significant center-level variation. High-KDPI consent was associated with higher rates of deceased donor transplant (adjusted hazard ratio=1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.17) with no difference in likelihood of deceased donor transplant from donors with KDPI <85%. The effect of high-KDPI consent on higher rates of deceased donor transplantation was higher among candidates older than 60 years and candidates with diabetes and variable on the basis of center characteristics.

Conclusions

There is significant variation of consent for high-KDPI donor kidneys and higher likelihood of transplantation associated with consent.
Variation and change over time in British choral singing (1925–2019)
Authors: Marshall Edward J. , Stuart-Smith Jane , Butt John , Dean Timothy
Published: February 2024

The front vowels of Received Pronunciation lowered in quality over the twentieth century (Wells, 1982b; Fabricius, 2007; Bjelaković, 2017). Connections between choral singing and Southern Standard British English (SSBE) have been made in musicological literature (e.g., Potter, 1998), and with specific reference to the Choir of King’s College, Cambridge (Sagrans, 2016; Day, 2018). At King’s and places like it, choristers are likely trained to sing using features of SSBE. This study investigates whether the SSBE pattern of front vowel lowering over time is also found in choral singing, both in a dialect area where SSBE is widely spoken (Cambridge) and in a non-SSBE dialect area (Glasgow). Two electronic, automatically segmented diachronic corpora were constructed in LaBB-CAT (Fromont & Hay, 2012). F1 and F2 were extracted for the vowels /i ɪ ɛ a ɑ/. Both datasets were analysed with Bayesian linear mixed models using brms in R. A main effect of lowering is supported by the data, priors and models. This paper provides evidence that British choral singing has changed over time and that this change follows a well-evidenced change in SSBE speech. We also find evidence for a shared non-regional choral accent standard emerging in terms of front vowel height.
Back to the Problem of Criminal Liability of Legal Entities: Two Views on the Problem (Using the Example of Environmental Crimes)
Authors: Kuznetsova Natalia , Urda Margarita
Published: February 2024

The authors examine the positions of supporters and opponents of introducing criminal liability for legal persons in the Russian Federation. They have summarized and evaluated the existing approaches to the problem, and present two views on the prospect of introducing the institute of criminal liability for legal persons using the example of environmental crimes. This choice is not accidental and is explained by a number of reasons. Firstly, the condition of the environment continues to deteriorate in spite of all undertaken efforts, which calls for new approaches to its protection, including through criminal law means. Secondly, it is necessary to understand that the greatest threat to the environment is posed by large companies working in the sphere of extracting, processing and using various natural resources — oil, gas, metals, chemical companies, agricultural holdings, energy and transportation companies, which all operate with the purpose is maximizing profits. Practice shows that they are responsible for the largest environmental disasters of the latest decades. Compared to them, the contribution of private persons to environmental pollution is negligibly small. Thirdly, the overwhelming majority of researchers specializing in the problems of criminal liability for environmental crimes support the establishment of criminal liability specifically for the violations of nature protection legislation. In spite of the differences in the opinions of authors regarding the necessity of establishing criminal liability for legal persons, they leave space for further discussions on the topic.
Geographic Profiling and Geographic Information Systems in the Study and Investigation of Crime
Authors: Bakhteev Dmitry , Lednev Iliya
Published: February 2024

The research of a criminal’s movements and the identification of his key locations is a complex task for both criminology and criminalistics. The analysis of publications shows that geographical profiling can be viewed simultaneously as an interdisciplinary field of knowledge, as a method for obtaining orienting diagnostic information about the criminal, and as a process of corresponding analytical activity; besides, the number of geographical profiling objects grows with time: the place of residence is supplemented by other anchor points where the criminal might spend time. The author states that in some cases geographical profiling methods might be effective for identifying the criminal who committed a single crime, and not necessarily a series of crimes. The theoretical foundations of geographical profiling are examined, they include the theory of routine activities, rational choice, crime patters, circle, and also attenuation with an increase of distance. Normative and criminalistic approaches to geoinformation systems are analyzed. The author presents a description of key software complexes that have geographical profiling as their dominant or one of their dominant features, including Rigel, Dragnet, Crimestat, Predator and Gemini. Main drawbacks of these programs are examined: an orientation at a large number of similar crimes, supposed stable composition of a criminal group, a small number of different groups of criminals and a small area of the territory under analysis, region-based linking to databases. It is also possible to use non-core geoinformation services for modelling a criminal’s movements, for instance, for determining the direction of pursuit while the trail is still hot or for verifying evidence. This information includes a criminal’s access to private or public transport, characteristics of outdoor surveillance systems, the volume and weight of a criminal’s assets, including stolen assets, dirt on their face or clothes, their emotional condition. The author concludes that it is necessary to simultaneously develop state-owned geoinformation systems reflecting data on crime in general as well as specific crimes, and similar private special-purpose projects.
Cylinder test in rats v1
Authors: not provided eduard.bentea , Sanchiz Calvo María , Baekelandt Veerle
Published: February 2024

Protocol for performing the cylinder test in rats. The cylinder test evaluates asymmetry in forelimb use, and can be used in animal models with unilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway.
Suficiencia de agua en Hidalgo, México: Una visión desde el enfoque del Derecho Humano al Agua
Authors: Garcia Salazar Edith Miriam , Lara Figueroa Hugo Nathanael
Published: February 2024

El Estado de Hidalgo tiene la mayor cantidad de puntos de descarga de aguas residuales para fines agrícolas y, en combinación con la gradual contaminación de ríos y arroyos derivado de la escasa regulación en este rubro, podría convertirse en una entidad que incremente el número de hogares sin abastecimiento suficiente de agua. El objetivo fue cuantificar los niveles de asequibilidad que garantizan el Derecho Humano al Agua (DHA) en los hogares del Estado, para lo cual se estimaron proporciones de dotación de agua que arriba a los hogares, la calidad y el gasto, utilizando datos institucionales —nacionales, estatales y municipales—, incluidos los emitidos por organismos operadores de agua. Se encontró que existe vulnerabilidad del DHA en los hogares al destinar más del 3 % de sus ingresos a su adquisición. Finalmente, se recomiendan estrategias y líneas de acción en materia de política pública local, para minimizar esta problemática.
Análisis sensorial del licor de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en cultivares de diferentes orígenes cultivados en el trópico colombiano
Authors: Martínez-Guerrero Nubia Consuelo , Ligarreto-Moreno Gustavo Adolfo
Published: February 2024

Se evaluó el perfil sensorial de 16 cultivares de cacao de diferentes orígenes de las zonas productoras de los departamentos de Arauca, Huila y Santander en Colombia. Este estudio utilizó el Laboratorio de Calidad Integral de Cacao del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP) en la Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue (Quevedo-Ecuador), con un panel de cuatro evaluadores que analizaron los atributos de sabor típicos del licor de cacao como: cacao, ácido, amargo, astringente, frutal, floral, nuez, dulce y verde/crudo. Los valores medios de las calificaciones asignadas por los evaluadores mostraron que el perfil sensorial varió considerablemente entre genotipos y localidades en estudio. Algunos genotipos presentaron perfiles de sabor más complejos que el control, CCN 51. Los genotipos introducidos EET 8, ICS 1, ICS 39 e ICS 60, presentaron baja intensidad en los atributos evaluados, mientras que la mayoría de los materiales regionales seleccionados presentaron mayor intensidad de notas frutales, cacao y nuez, especialmente FLE 3, FSV 41, FEC 2 y FEAR 5. Los perfiles sensoriales demostraron el potencial del cacao colombiano con su fino aroma.
DISCOVERY OF THE MECHANISM OF GENOCIDE: DOCUMENTARY SOURCES VS PERSONAL SOURCES ABOUT THE HOLODOMOR IN UKRAINE 1932–1933
Authors:   Vilnius University, Lithuania, BORIAK Tetiana
Published: February 2024

Totalitarian states control information space, watching closely the appearance of only that information that does not contradict an official one. In this way, on the one hand, “classical archival” sources had been preserved, with content controlled by the totalitarian regime. On the other hand, ignored and repressed society members who had been persecuted or committed crimes against humanity remain unheard. Taking into account often liquidation by the dictators not only direct witnesses of their crimes, but also indirect ones (documents), it turned out that it is oral history is often the only proof able to be used in a court against the guilty in genocide. Mostly documents of local level have been preserved after archivocide in the Ukrainian archives of the party organs. These sources contain facts mostly «allowed» by the party. «Unallowed» facts as part of Holodomor history have to be searched for first of all in oral history. The goal of the research is to review some thematic aspects of Holodomor from the pint of view of their correlation in archival sources and oral history. Because of intentional liquidation of the sources of the Holodomor epoch (1930s), we do not have many facts from specialists in agriculture, medicine, education. Such facts, as well as a set of others, often absent or partly present in archival sources, can be found in oral history. Therefore, present in archival sources about the famine spots are often covered by oral history testimonies. Besides, sources of personal origin suggest vision from «below», often correlating with information blocks of archival sources: level of mortality, expressed in description of amount of corpses on the streets; methods of food confiscation; fate of kids; escape from a village as a survival strategy; black boards. Such parallel reading allows «revealing» of the sources produced by the Soviet totalitarian state.
ALGORITHMS OF THE SOVIET-RUSSIAN GENOCIDE TO THE 70th ANNIVERSARY OF R. LEMKIN'S REPORT "SOVIET GENOCIDE IN UKRAINE"
Authors:   H. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine of Kyiv, Ukraine, HRABOVSKY Serhiy
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the actual theoretical and practical issues related to the factor of genocide in the being of the Ukrainian nation in the 20th and 21st centuries. The author of the article aims to study the impact of the genocide committed by the Russian Bolsheviks in the 1930s on the character traits of Ukrainians, outline the relationships between Soviet totalitarianism and Russian colonialism. The current genocidal practice of the Rashists is shown as a direct continuation and development of the "classic Soviet genocide", as it was characterized in 1953 by a prominent international lawyer, the author of the concept of genocide, Raphael Lemkin. The article presents the key points of Lemkin's text "Soviet Genocide in Ukraine", shows their significance for understanding the events of the past and present. According to Lemkin, the four main components of the Russian-Soviet genocide are: large-scale destruction of the Ukrainian intelligentsia, attempts to liquidate the Ukrainian Church, purposeful depopulation of the Ukrainian peasantry and elimination of its subject features, settlement of Ukraine with foreign ethnic elements for a radical change in the composition of the population. All these components, in a slightly transformed form, are also relevant in 2022-23, during the Russian large-scale invasion. They are peculiar algorithms of genocide - with the difference that in the 1930s the goal of Russian Bolshevism was the destruction of millions of the most active and conscious Ukrainians and the lowering of the Ukrainian nation to the level of a Moscoworiented ethnographic community, while today it is about the complete denial of the separate existence of Ukrainians, their transformation into a stateless object component of the Russian people, on the element of the "Russian world". The author of the article emphasizes that there is only one way of "recovery" for Ukrainians as a post-genocide nation. Such a nation can be cured of the fear of living a full-blooded national life only by a mass heroic act, in all forms and manifestations. Only in this way will the Ukrainian nation fully restore its subjectivity and become a real geopolitical and geocultural actor.