bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlations between Milling Conditions and B2O3 Activity of Mechanically Activated Boron Concentrate
Authors: Xu Ying Zhe , Jiang Tao , Gao Hui Yang , Xue Xiang Xin
Published: July 2019

Facing the current inefficiency of boron extraction from boron concentrate, this paper used mechanical activation as a pretreatment method to improve the extraction of B2O3 from boron concentrate, and researched the influences of milling conditions, including the ball-sample mass ratio, the diameter of milling ball, and filling ratio of chamber, on the B2O3 activity. The changes in the properties of the milled products were investigated to analyze the mechanism of activation. These three milling conditions all affected the B2O3 activity more or less, as evidenced by the changes of B2O3 activity with these milling factors. Under optimized milling conditions, the B2O3 activity could be enhanced from 67.52% of the non-activated boron concentrate to 85.01%. The results also showed that the specific surface area increased and the crystal structure was damaged, which accelerated the reaction between the alkaline leaching solution and boron concentrate samples and enhanced the B2O3 activity of the samples.
The contradictory unity of faith and reason in Christian theoretical thought
Authors: Astapov Sergey N.
Published: July 2019

This article aims to demonstrate the unity of faith and reason as irrational and rational elements of the theoretical religious discourse on instances of Christian theoretical thought. This unity was represented as a dialectical contradiction, the violation of which led to the destruction of religious discourse. The contradictory unity of faith and reason was researched in European medieval philosophy and Russian religious philosophy in the first half of the 20th century and in the theoretical systems that were considered ways of explaining the relationship between faith and reason in Christian thought. This article reveals two historical types of the dynamic unity of faith and reason as well as violations of this unity: when medieval authors attempted to find the most effective relationship between faith and reason for Christian theology; and when Russian philosophers attempted to transmit theological knowledge by means of philosophy in the secular age. The results of the dynamic unity violations in both traditions are investigated as the conceptions that had been denied by these traditions. The main conclusion of the article is that Christian theoretical thought maintained the contradictions between faith and reason as a search for its development.
The usefulness of South African annual reports as at December 2010
Authors: Dimi Lucien O. , Padia Nirupa , Maroun Warren
Published: July 2019

This article provides an account of the extent to which South African annual reports, as at the end of 2010, comply with the fundamental and enhancing qualitative characteristics of decision-useful information. Using the frameworks provided by the International Accounting Standards Board and Integrated Reporting Committee of South Africa, the research provides a normative assessment of the quality of South African annual reports at the transition to integrated reporting, which can be used by future researchers wishing to study the effect of an integrated reporting model on corporate reporting. Based on the views of a selection of corporate reporting experts, the article finds that certain aspects of South African companies’ corporate reports are regarded as providing useful information to users. There are also areas in need of improvement, most notably the disclosure of non-financial information and the integration of this information with the financial performance and strategic vision of the organisation.
The introduction of a gambling tax in South Africa: What are the odds on the implementation thereof?
Authors: Segal Milton , Maroun Warren
Published: July 2019

The South African Revenue Service has been exploring the possibility of implementing a form of taxation on gambling winnings since the Minister of Finance’s Budget Speech in 2010. On a superficial level it seems a logical mechanism for broadening the tax base – a case of increasing the tax collected from those who can afford the luxury of gambling. There are, however, a number of unintended consequences that government does not seem to have considered. As a result, this article uses a detailed content analysis of the prior academic and professional tax literature to explore possible weaknesses/flaws of a tax on gambling winnings in South Africa. These include the administrative burden of such a tax, certain economic consequences of allowing gambling losses as a tax deduction and the possible social consequences thereof. These findings mean that the article provides a meaningful contribution by critically assessing the proposed tax with the aim of informing policy development and future quantitative studies on a tax on gambling winnings.
Obituary: Miss M.R White
Authors: Rodseth C. P.
Published: July 2019

No abstract available
Дифференцируемость $?(x)$-функции Минковского. III
Authors: Kan Igor' Davidovich
Published: July 2019

В статье доказывается новая теорема о производной функции Минковского.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Identificação das relações espaciais das áreas potencialmente turfosas da escarpa da Esperança – Guarapuava-PR
Authors: Machado Fabiula Eurich , Camargo Filho Maurício , Pelegrina Marcos Aurélio
Published: July 2019

As turfeiras podem ser definidas como um sistema que retém e conserva materiais de origem vegetal. Para estudos paleoambientais as turfeiras servem como bancos de dados sobre os climas que já vigoraram no passado, visto que são formadas pelo acumulo de materiais vegetais, em locais saturados de água, baixo pH e temperaturas amenas, impossibilitando e/ou reduzindo a ação de microorganismos decompositores. No entanto na região de Guarapuava estudos voltados à aquisição de informações sobre esses ambientes são escassos. O objetivo desse trabalho avaliar a distribuição e padrões das turfeiras presentes na folha topográfica Guarapuava e Itapará (MI 2838-3 e MI 2838-4, respectivamente) e relacioná-las com as feições geomorfológicas, a fim de encontrar o motivo da alta concentração desse ambiente na região. A combinação entre os elementos morfoestruturais e morfoesculturais atua com forte influência nas turfeiras desde a sua formação ao seu processo atual. No caso específico da área de estudo a questão estrutural é determinante para o controle dos ambientes turfosos.
Baixo Beberibe: a represa do Varadouro e os negros canoeiros – o higienismo entre o Recife e Olinda
Authors: Halley Bruno Maia
Published: July 2019

O artigo aborda a geografia histórica do baixo rio Beberibe, entre os núcleos habitáveis de Recife e Olinda, desde a segunda metade do século XVII até o final do XIX, centrando-se nas ações médico-higienistas junto à represa do Varadouro e ao transporte de canoas d’água. As mortíferas epidemias da época eram associadas ao mangue e à água parada da represa, como também à “sujidade” das embarcações conduzidas por negros. Desvela-se, assim, as campanhas profiláticas frente às epidemias, que engendrou destruições e reconstruções da represa, além de coações junto aos canoeiros. Discorre-se sobre estes aspectos desde a construção da represa em 1685, até sua demolição definitiva em 1856, seguido do arrefecimento no uso das canoas. Neste contexto, revela-se a configuração de um “espaço marginal” no baixo Beberibe, no século XIX, com a construção de objetos higienistas às suas margens – hospitais, cemitérios e matadouro.
Diversificação agrícola na bacia hidrográfica do Rio das Contas, Bahia
Authors: Piedra-Bonilla Elena Beatriz , Cunha Dênis Antônio , Braga Marcelo José
Published: July 2019

O objetivo principal deste artigo foi descrever e analisar a adoção de mecanismos de diversificação agrícola dos agricultores da bacia hidrográfica do Rio das Contas, Bahia. Foram calculados três índices de diversidade agrícola: Margalef, Shannon e Herfindahl. Ademais, foram analisados os determinantes socioeconômicos da diversificação agrícola por meio de um modelo econométrico Tobit. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos agricultores depende da renda obtida com agricultura e/ou pecuária, havendo pouca diversificação fora da propriedade. Além disso, a maioria dos agricultores diversifica suas atividades dentro do estabelecimento, mas os índices calculados indicam que essa diversificação ainda é baixa. Por último, o acesso a linhas de créditos e assistência técnica e o fato de morar na propriedade influenciam positivamente na diversificação de cultivos.
Impacto dos fatores econômicos associados ao microempreendedor individual (MEI): uma análise para os estados brasileiros
Authors: Nobre Fernandez Rodrigo , Lima Naloir , Menezes Gabrielito
Published: July 2019

Para promover e incentivar a criação e a formalidade de empreendedores foi criado pela Lei Complementar nº128/2008 a figura do Microempreendedor Individual (MEI), tendo por objetivo trazer para a formalidade os inúmeros empreendedores informais existentes. Esse trabalho buscou identificar os fatores associados para a geração dessas empresas MEIs. Para isso, utilizou-se dados em painel tendo como variável dependente o número de MEIs criadas e como possíveis determinantes, algumas variáveis socioeconômicas referentes aos 26 estados brasileiros mais o Distrito Federal, durante os anos de 2012 a 2016.  Os resultados apontam que um aumento na taxa de desemprego, queda na média salarial, acréscimo no orçamento do SEBRAE mostraram que existe um aumento considerável na média de criação dos MEIs. Contudo esses resultados não se mantiveram robustos ao realizarem-se as estimativas de efeito fixo.
Nem tudo que reluz é ouro: desmestificando a interface entre o novo paradigma do desenvolvimento e o novo urbano
Authors: Oliveria do Bu Thayse Andrezza , Marculino da Silva Thais , Cavalcanti Ramalho Angela Maria
Published: July 2019

O presente estudo teve como objetivo, a partir de uma análise teórica e de revisão bibliográfica, compreender a essência da interface entre o novo paradigma de desenvolvimento (com ênfase no local) e o novo urbano, este que, está alicerçado no conceito de cidade-mercadoria. Desse modo, também buscou-se compreender as principais consequências socioambientais desse novo urbano espetacularizado. Conclui-se que o desenvolvimento local e a cidade-mercadoria são categorias aparentemente congruentes, mas, na essência, são incongruentes. Enquanto, o desenvolvimento local está alicerçado no conceito de fomentar as potencialidades locais e a segunda categoria se baseia na “importação” de modelos e a construção de imagens-sínteses, destruindo a diversidade própria das cidades. Ademais, vimos que a espetaculização das cidades se apresenta como um dos modelos de cidade-mercadoria, onde são poucos os que se beneficiam com a reestruturação urbana do espetáculo.
Global soil–climate–biome diagram: linking surface soil properties to climate and biota
Authors: Zhao Xia , Yang Yuanhe , Shen Haihua , Geng Xiaoqing , Fang Jingyun
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Surface soils interact strongly with both climate and
biota and provide fundamental ecosystem services that maintain food,
climate and human security. However, the quantitative linkages between soil
properties, climate and biota remain unclear at the global scale. By
compiling a comprehensive global soil database, we mapped eight major soil
properties (bulk density; clay, silt, and sand fractions; soil pH; soil
organic carbon, SOC, density; soil total nitrogen, STN, density; and soil
C:N mass ratios) in the surface soil layer (0–30 cm), based on machine
learning algorithms, and demonstrated the quantitative linkages between
surface soil properties, climate and biota at the global scale, which we
call the global soil–climate–biome diagram. In the diagram, bulk density
increased significantly with higher mean annual temperature (MAT) and lower
mean annual precipitation (MAP); soil clay fraction increased significantly
with higher MAT and MAP; soil pH decreased with higher MAP and lower MAT
and the “critical MAP”, which means the corresponding MAP at a soil pH of =7.0 (a shift from alkaline to acidic soil), decreased with lower MAT. SOC
density and STN density were both jointly affected by MAT and MAP, showing
an increase at lower MAT and a saturation towards higher MAP. Surface soil
physical and chemical properties also showed remarkable variation across
biomes. The soil–climate–biome diagram suggests shifts in soil
properties under global climate and land cover change.
Dissolved organic carbon driven by rainfall events from a semi-arid catchment during concentrated rainfall season in the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Wang Linhua , Yen Haw , E Xinhui , Chen Liding , Wang Yafeng
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) transported by runoff has been
identified as an important role in the global carbon cycle. Despite there
being many studies on DOC concentration and flux, little information is
available for the semi-arid catchments of the Loess Plateau region (LPR). The
primary goal of this study was to quantify DOC exported and driven by a sequence
of rainfall events during the concentrated rainfall season. In addition,
factors that affect DOC export from a small headwater catchment will be
investigated accordingly. Runoff discharge and DOC concentration were
monitored at the outlet of the Yangjuangou catchment in Yanan, Shaanxi
Province, China. The results showed that DOC concentration was highly
variable, with event-based DOC concentrations ranging from 5.14 to 13.14 mg L−1. Hysteresis analysis showed a nonlinear relationship between DOC
concentration and flow rate in the hydrological process. The monthly DOC
flux loading from the catchment was varied from 94.73 to 110.17 kg km−2, while the event-based DOC flux ranged from 0.18 to 2.84 kg km−2 in the period of June to September. Variations of event-driven DOC
concentration contributed slightly to a difference in DOC flux, whereas
intra-events of rainfall amount and runoff discharge led to evident
differences in DOC export. In conclusion, our case results highlighted the
advantages of high-frequency monitoring for DOC export and indicated that
event-driven DOC export is largely influenced by the interaction of
catchment hydrology and antecedent condition within a catchment. Engineers
and scientists can take advantage of the derived results to better develop
advanced field monitoring work. In addition, more studies are needed to
investigate the magnitude of terrestrial DOC export in response to projected
climate change at larger spatio-temporal scales, which may have implications
for the carbon balance and carbon cycle model from an ecologically restored
catchment in the LPR.
Alkali basalt from the Seifu seamount of the Japan Sea: post-spreading magmatism in the back-arc region
Authors: Morishita Tomoaki , Hirano Naoto , Sumino Hirochika , Sato Hiroshi , Shibata Tomoyuki , Yoshikawa Masako , Arai Shoji , Nauchi Rie , Tamura Akihiro
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We report geochemical characteristics and Ar-Ar dating of a basalt dredged from the Seifu Seamount (SSM-basalt), located at northeast of the Tsushima Basin in the southwest Japan Sea, which is one of the western Pacific back-arc basin swarm. A plateau age of 8.33 ± 0.15 Ma (2σ) was obtained by the 40Ar-39Ar age spectrum of SSM-basalt. The SSM-basalt (8.3 Ma) was formed at an early stage after the termination of the Japan Sea back-arc opening. The SSM-basalt is high-K to shoshonitic alkaline basalt and is characterized by enrichment of light rare earth element (REE). The trace element pattern of the SSM-basalt is similar to Ocean island-type basalt (OIB) whereas YbPM (= 6) is distinctively higher than that of OIB, indicating of its formation by the low degree melting of the source mantle under spinel peridotite stability field. The Nd-Sr and Pb isotope compositions of the SSM-basalt are offset from the compositional trend of the Japan Sea back-arc basin basalts. The Sr-Nd isotope relationship of the SSM-basalt suggest its source can be formed by deplete MORB mantle source mixing with EM1-like component. The SSM basalt was formed as a post-back-arc spreading magmatism by low degree of partial melting of a portion that is easily melted in the upwelling asthenosphere associated with the main back-arc magmatism.
Aesthetic Perception and psychological impact of molar-incisor hypomineralisation among patients and parents
Authors: Da Silva Fernanda Mafei Felix , Vasconcelos Cruz Christiane , Leal Luise , De Castro Costa Marcelo
Published: July 2019

Abstract The aim of this study was investigate`s patient and parent’s aesthetic perception and psychological impact of molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and to assess the correlation of MIH with caries experience. The sample comprised 56 children, 28 with MIH and 28 without MIH (comparison group), and their gardens (n=56). For the perception data we used the Child and Parent’s Questionnaire of Teeth Appearance. We used the European Academic of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria to define MIH. Caries experience was assessed by Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Chi-square, Student’s t-test and correlation tests were used with significance level set at 5%. Most children were male (n=35; 62.5%) and patients with MIH perceived their affected teeth as stainned (p=0.01). MIH was considered by parents (6.96±1.7) to enhance psychosocial condition (social, physical, and psychological social) of their children (p<0.01). Patients with severe MIH showed the worst perception about the color of the teeth (p=0.07). There was no correlation between DMFT scores and presence of MIH (p=0.80). Patients and parents perceived MIH. Groups with severe MIH (children/ parents) showed the worse aesthetic perception.
El papel del sistema de visitas en los casos de cese de acogimiento familiar una aproximación desde la perspectiva profesional
Authors: Aurrekoetxea Casaus Maite , Pozo Cabanillas Pilar
Published: July 2019

Existe un gran número de estudios que explican los diferentes factores que llevan al cese de los acogimientos familiares; pero pocos ponen el foco en un elemento del proceso de acogimiento, las visitas y su papel en el cese inesperado del acogimiento familiar. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en explorar los elementos del sistema de visitas que dan estabilidad al acogimiento familiar. Se plantea un estudio cualitativo donde se analizan 13 entrevistas a profesionales que han intervenido en 48 casos de cese de acogimiento familiar, en el Servicio de Atención a la Infancia de Bizkaia. Los datos se analizan con el programa MAXQDA. Los resultados indican que las visitas de los progenitores son una herramienta clave para la intervención en los acogimientos familiares y, al mismo tiempo, destacan el papel fundamental de la madre biológica en la estabilidad del proceso de acogimiento.
La (des)institucionalización en el marco de la Convención Internacional de la ONU sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad
Authors: Muyor Rodríguez Jesús
Published: July 2019

La Convención Internacional de la ONU sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad ofrece una (nueva) herramienta jurídico-social para interpretar la discapacidad. La ratificación de la Convención Internacional de la ONU por parte del Estado español obliga a adoptar cambios sistémicos en el conjunto de las distintas políticas públicas. Bajo este enfoque realizamos un análisis reflexivo sobre la institucionalización de las personas con discapacidad en centros regulados en el marco de la Ley 39/2006 de Promoción de la Autonomía Personal y Atención a las personas en situación de dependencia. Apoyándonos en el discurso del modelo social de la discapacidad, que emana de la Convención Internacional de la ONU, nos interesa evidenciar la manera en la que se problematiza la discapacidad y se justifica la (des)institucionalización. Concluimos señalando la necesidad, y la obligación, de transitar de la atención institucionalizada en centros especializados a los apoyos en los entornos comunitarios.
Evaluating the Responsiveness Level of a Training Program for General School Managers in Southern Vietnam
Authors: Thi Lan Huong Vu
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this article is to present the results of a mixed methods research study conducted by the Ministry of Education and Training to evaluate the responsiveness level of a refresher programs for general school managers in Southern Vietnam. The program was designed to improve the capacities of managers in general schools to take the initiative in innovating leadership and management that will develop the schools and thereby advance the fundamental and comprehensive innovation of Vietnam’s education system training programs.
Willingness to Participate in Health Information Networks with Diverse Data Use:
Evaluating Public Perspectives
Authors: Platt Jodyn , Raj Minakshi , Büyüktür Ayşe G. , Trinidad M. Grace , Olopade Olufunmilayo , Ackerman Mark S. , Kardia Sharon
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Health information generated by health care encounters, research
enterprises, and public health is increasingly interoperable and shareable across uses
and users. This paper examines the US public’s willingness to be a part of multi-user
health information networks and identifies factors associated with that
willingness.Methods: Using a probability-based sample (n = 890), we examined the
univariable and multivariable relationships between willingness to participate in health
information networks and demographic factors, trust, altruism, beliefs about the
public’s ethical obligation to participate in research, privacy, medical deception, and
policy and governance using linear regression modeling.Results: Willingness to be a part
of a multi-user network that includes health care providers, mental health, social
services, research, or quality improvement is low (26 percent–7.4 percent, depending on
the user). Using stepwise regression, we identified a model that explained 42.6 percent
of the variability in willingness to participate and included nine statistically
significant factors associated with the outcome: Trust in the health system, confidence
in policy, the belief that people have an obligation to participate in research, the
belief that health researchers are accountable for conducting ethical research, the
desire to give permission, education, concerns about insurance, privacy, and preference
for notification.Discussion: Our results suggest willingness to be a part of multi-user
data networks is low, but that attention to governance may increase willingness.
Building trust to enable acceptance of multi-use data networks will require a commitment
to aligning data access practices with the expectations of the people whose data is
being used.
Evolution of High-Level Magmatic-Hydrothermal Systems: New Insights from Ore Paragenesis of the Veladero High-Sulfidation Epithermal Au-Ag Deposit, El Indio-Pascua Belt, Argentina
Authors: Holley Elizabeth A. , Monecke Thomas , Bissig Thomas , Reynolds T. James
Published: July 2019

The world-class Veladero high-sulfidation epithermal Au-Ag deposit is located in the Andean cordillera of Argentina near the northern end of the El Indio-Pascua metallogenic belt. The deposit comprises two nearly coalescing subhorizontal orebodies that are centered on an extensive zone of intense hydrothermal alteration. Intensely altered volcanic rocks are composed of fine-grained groundmass quartz that formed as a result of extreme acid leaching. These quartz grains contain ubiquitous rutile inclusions as well as healed microfractures of vapor-filled inclusions that record magmatic vapor streaming through the Miocene volcanic host succession. Condensation of the magmatic vapor into ambient groundwater generated the highly acidic waters responsible for the alteration. Alunite is present in the fine-grained groundmass quartz and fills vugs in the altered rocks. Stable isotope data indicate that the alunite formed through the disproportionation of SO2 in the condensed magmatic vapor.

The fine-grained groundmass quartz is crosscut by later fracture-controlled euhedral quartz that is texturally associated with ore minerals. The euhedral quartz crystals show oscillatory growth zoning and contain rare primary fluid inclusions suggesting that quartz formation occurred at ~200°C from a moderately saline (<5 wt % NaCl equiv) liquid-phase hydrothermal fluid. High-fineness native Au grains are hosted in euhedral quartzlined void spaces and along fractures. In addition to native Au, vugs and fractures in the silicified volcanic rocks host Fe oxide/hydroxide and jarosite that are interpreted to represent the oxidation products of hypogene sulfide minerals that formed during and after the late stages of quartz formation. Results of previous jarosite dating suggest that pervasive oxidation of the orebody commenced during the waning stages of the hydrothermal activity or immediately thereafter. Oxidation of the orebody continued in the supergene environment for at least 3 m.y. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) showed that jarosite, which formed as a result of the oxidation of the orebody, is the principal host for Ag in Veladero ore, explaining the low (ca. 10%) Ag recovery from the oxide ore.

The Veladero high-sulfidation epithermal deposit is interpreted to have formed in the shallow part of a magmatic-hydrothermal system. Early alteration related to magmatic vapor discharge was followed by later mineralization from liquid-phase hydrothermal fluids under reduced and slightly acidic to near-neutral conditions. This change from early vapor-dominated to later liquid-dominated magmatic-hydrothermal fluid flow was key in formation of the deposit.
The Needs of Students in Saudi Arabia Seeking to Study in Japan: A Poll-Survey Analysis
Authors: Kinoshita Hiroko
Published: July 2019

This study attempts to bridge the gap in the research for students in Saudi Arabia going abroad to study. While there is research done in the field of higher education in Western countries, or even students who have reached Japan for future studies, very few study have tried to investigate the issue such a study for Saudi Arabians before they shift to Japan. Thus this research focused on prospective students to understand their intention and their needs for information on studying in Japan though a poll survey.Through examined both descriptive statistics and used a regression model on its survey data, the results revealed that respondents had extremely high expectations about studying in Japan, especially for obtaining degree (bachelor, master and Ph.D.). However, the regression analysis showed that even though their interests for studying in Japan were high, the information they need were only very basic, such as research facilities and admissions and requirements. This indicated that the students in Saudi Arabia had not reached a level of interest in which they required detailed information on studying in Japan. Although an Increasing number of students are choosing to study abroad in Japan in these days, thus indicating the prospects of future developments in this area.
Snippets: Tools for teaching on two levels
Authors: Jarrett Anna
Published: July 2019

There are times when the opportunity to create a novel approach to teaching presents itself. This is true of the following innovative approach to teaching difficult concepts using a dual level method to enhance comprehension by undergraduate nursing students. The purpose of this case study was to use short video recordings called Snippets, which were previously recorded by the instructor as a new two-level learning activity to augment nursing students’ grasp of difficult concepts in a conventional didactic classroom, and to determine whether there was a difference in student satisfaction between didactic real-time presentations and didactic recorded 15-to-30 minute sessions with faculty present in the classroom. A mixed methods approach was used. Although there was no statistically significant difference in students’ satisfaction between the two methods of lecture as reported by survey methods, content analysis supported using Snippets as an ‘accessible’ strategy for teaching on two levels to enhance learning. It is useful teaching strategy available to faculty in conventional nursing programs to augment learning for particularly difficult conceptual material.
A Proposition of Modifications and Extensions of Cloud Computing Standards for Trust Characteristics Measures
Authors: Eftekhar Sara Moazzezi , Suryn Witold
Published: July 2019

In recent years, we have witnessed a marked rise in the number of cloud service providers with each offering a plethora of cloud services with different objectives. Gaining confidence for cloud technology adoption as well as selecting a suitable cloud service provider, both require a proper evaluation of cloud service trust characteristics. Hence, the evaluation of cloud services before used by the customer is of utmost importance. In this article, we adapt the extracted trust characteristics from both system and software quality standards and cloud computing standards, for evaluating cloud services. Moreover, we derive measures for each trust characteristics to evaluate the trustworthiness of different cloud service providers, and generalize these trust measures for any type of cloud services (e.g. Software as a Service, Platform as a Service, and Infrastructure as a Service). Our work thereby demonstrates a way to apply generalized trust measures for cloud services and therefore contributes to a better understanding of cloud services to evaluate their quality characteristics. As part of our ongoing research, the results of this study will be used to develop a comprehensive cloud trust model.
Project Management Success in a Troubled Environment: The Mobile Telecommunications Sector in Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors: Noor Abdulkadir , Ampornstira Fuangfa , Walsh John
Published: July 2019

This paper considers the nature of project management success in Somalia in the mobile telecommunications sector during a period of warfare. The principal form of research was personal interviews of 52 business owners and managers in Mogadishu, the capital city of the country. It was found that most businesses were operated on the basis of international best practice despite the fact that the ongoing violence caused people to behave in different ways and to have different priorities. Compromises were made by managers to the conditions they faced but a commitment to ultimate profitability was maintained.
Optimization of Fermentation Conditions of Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler (Shiitake Mushroom) Mycelia as a Potential Biopesticide
Authors: Kaur Harjinder , Nyochembeng Leopold M. , Banerjee Pratik , Cebert Ernst , Mentreddy S. R.
Published: July 2019

The shiitake mushroom [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler], is a new source of biopesticide against bacterial spot of tomato having similar efficacy as that of traditional antibiotics in vitro. The culture-filtrates of fifteen commercially available L. edodes strains were screened for antibacterial activity against Erwinia amylovora (Ea) and Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), based on fermentation time and carbon source for minimum oxalic acid production. Two different carbon sources, glucose and sucrose for fifteen and 30 days were used for fermentation. The detection and quantification of oxalic acid in culture filtrates were performed by using HPLC. Most of the L. edodes strains inhibited the growth of Ea (13 out of 15) and Xcv (14 out of 15) with similar efficacy as that of the control treatment of 100 µg mL–1 streptomycin sulfate. Two of the L. edodes strains, ATCC 38164 and ATCC 28760 released the least amount of oxalic acid in both carbon sources, but did not differ from each other significantly. The concentration of oxalic acid in glucose medium was generally lower than that in sucrose medium, while strains ATCC 20635 and ATCC 38167 released the highest and similar concentrations in both carbon sources. This study provides preliminary evidence that L. edodes strains may be potential alternatives to streptomycin and copper compounds as a source of metabolites against bacterial spot of tomato and fire blight of apple [Malus × domestica (Borkh.)] and merits further investigation.
Agricultural Mechanization Status for Some Crops in Irrigated Sector in River Nile State, Sudan
Authors: Awadalla Alaeldin M. E. , Sukwon Kang , Taek-Ryoun Kwon , Haider S. A.
Published: July 2019

Agricultural mechanization and it is impact on agricultural productivity was studied by many authors in different areas in the world. Irrigated agriculture in the Sudan, have played a significant role in expanding agricultural mechanization, and the major mechanized operation is the land preparation, operations such as planting, spraying, fertilizer application, mechanical weeding and harvesting are still largely carried out manually. A baseline survey on mechanization status was implemented in River Nile State, focuses on mechanization status for production of wheat as strategic crop, legumes as food crops, onion and alfalfa as cash crops in smallholder farms. The analysis of respondents answers show that tillage operation has the high percent (90.5-93.3%) of mechanical power among other operations for production of the selected crops, where wheat has considerable percent of using mechanical power in sowing and harvesting operations compare to the three rest crops. For legumes and alfalfa broadcasting of seeds for sowing and cutting and binding at harvest operations, still manual activity prevailing, where for onion transplanting are 100% carried out manually.The mechanization level range between 0.2-0.58, which reflect the less number of tractors to the cultivated areas in the state. Concerning the mechanization index as the ratio of mechanical power to the total power input in term of MJ/ha for each crop range from 0.03- 0.07, shows that manual and animal power still exerted to produce such crops.
Small Hydropower Plants in Generation in the Rural Area of the West and Southwest of Paraná State-Brazil
Authors: Silva Fabrício Ströher da , Siqueira Jair Antonio Cruz , Nogueira Carlos Eduardo Camargo , Prior Maritante , Tokura Luciene Kazue
Published: July 2019

Hydropower generation is the main source of electric energy in Brazil and the West and Southwest of Paraná. Year after year the energy matrix has been diversifying, including new sources, such as wind power. However, due to the power accumulation characteristic of hydropower, this type of source is important for the stability of the electric system. Currently, hydropower corresponds to just over 60% of all power installed in Brazil. Particularly in the West and Southwest region of Paraná, this number increases, and Paraná’s share in the Brazilian matrix is approximately 16% of the installed potential. This compromises the productive areas of these regions by the flood generated by the plants. In order to verify the participation of these regions in the hydropower matrix and its production, a survey was made of the installed potential and the constructive profile of the hydroenergy projects. In addition, the flow and production trend of the Salto Santiago hydropower in the Iguaçu River watershed and the Melissa hydropower in the Piquiri River watershed were verified during the period from 2003 to 2017. Finally, a conceptual map of the western and southwestern regions of Paraná was elaborated with the hydropower generation profile. It was concluded by the survey that the regions of the study have great participation in the hydropower matrix of Brazil and that its production and the flow of the rivers in the entrance of these remains practically unchanged in the studied period.
Furrow Irrigation for Corn Cultivation in Hydromorphic Soils
Authors: Neto Miguel Chaiben , Robaina Adroaldo Dias , Peiter Marcia Xavier , Goulart Rafael Ziani , Gollo Elisa de Almeida , Bruning Jhosefe , Pimenta Bruna Dalcin , Rodrigues Silvana Antunes , Florez Yesica Ramirez , Bordignon Vinício José
Published: July 2019

The use of crop rotation in hydromorphic soils has been intensified in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Due to the difficult management of these soils, the use of irrigation is fundamental to increase the reliability of these production ecosystems. The present study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield components of corn under different managements of furrow irrigation. The study was conducted in Alegrete/RS in the experimental area of the Farroupilha Federal Institute during the 2017/2018 season. Two factors were evaluated: five managements of furrow irrigation, with a control (not irrigated) and 0, 25, 50 and 100% of the time required to replace the irrigation depth up to field capacity, and the influence of plant position relative to the total length of the furrow, at 0, 25 and 50 meters from its beginning. During the growth stage of corn, its LAI showed better performance for the three collections, at 34, 54 and 76 DAS, and plant height and shoot dry matter showed differences at 76 DAS in treatments that received irrigation. Yield components such as number of grains per ear, harvest index and grain yield were influenced by the use of irrigation, whereas water use efficiency did not differ between the use of irrigation and the control treatment. Lastly, best performances of application efficiency were found in treatments with 0% and 25% of the time required to replace the irrigation depth.
Spatial Dependence of the Site Index of Pinus taeda L. Production Forests, in the Southern Central Region of the State of Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Maite dos Santos , Arce Julio Eduardo , Filho Afonso Figueiredo , Nicoletti Marcos Felipe
Published: July 2019

A spatial analysis of the site index used for the classification of Pinus taeda production forests was performed using dominant height data from 402 continuous inventory plots. The data were examined with simple descriptive statistics and fit with four semivariogram models by the GS + program. The best model was then used to predict the site index in unsampled areas by ordinary kriging in ArcView. All models showed that site index values exhibited spatial dependence, with the degree of spatial dependence ranging from strong to moderate. The spherical model was used for kriging. In this model, the degree of spatial dependence was 29% and the range was 5,330 m, with a residual sum of squares (RSS) of 3.00 and coefficient of determination (r²) of 0.776. Measured and predicted values were compared by cross-validation, which produced a linear regression of observed versus predicted value with a slope coefficient of 1.068, slope standard error of 0.070, and intercept coefficient of -1.45. The site classification map generated by kriging divided the studied forests into five classes. Before kriging, all of the forest stands had one global average value for the site index, but after kriging this was changed to there being two or three values of the site index for many stands. Ordinary kriging proved to be an optimal method for interpolating the site index of unsampled areas to permit their classification, as is the case for young plantations for which inventory samples have not yet been taken.
Yield and Response of Bean Breeding Lines for Drought Tolerance to Field Diseases
Authors: Amongi Winnyfred , Mukankusi Clare , Sebuliba Sulaiman , Nakyanzi Brenda , Naluwooza Claire , Baguma Gerald
Published: July 2019

Climate change has resulted in an increase in the intensity of droughts and rains, and higher temperatures which are adversely affecting crop production in Africa. It has also influenced the distribution and increased the occurrence of disease and pest epidemics. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is especially sensitive to these changes. Most released varieties are not well adapted to environmental extremes and extended periods of drought in particular has become a major constraint. In this study, 462 advanced breeding lines developed for drought tolerance were evaluated for yield, agronomic traits and disease response in two contrasting agro-ecologies, Kawanda in the Lake Victoria crescent and Kachwekano in the southwestern highlands. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences (P < 0.05) among lines for most variables and environments (P < 0.001). Performance was better at Kachwekano than Kawanda with mean yields ranging from 928 to 2251 kg ha-1, and 698 to 2036 kg ha-1 respectively. Angular leafspot, common bacterial blight and rust diseases varied between locations, and among lines with no visible to sever symptoms. Based on Wricke’s ecovalence estimates for stability, SCN20, SCN13, SEN114, SEC40 and SEC35 expressed yield stability and superiority. Of the 462 lines, 6.3 % maintained >1500 kg ha-1, the minimum anticipated commercial yield of new varieties, in all the trials, both seasons and in each year; 5.0 % also maintained above average yields. The most outstanding (1629-3944 kg ha-1) were; DAB299, DAB291, DAB234, DAD34, DAB478, DAB487, DAB543, DAB231, SCN20, SCR66, SCR60, and SER335. These are recommended for development of new varieties.
Subwencje i dotacje jako element podstawy opodatkowania VAT – uwagi na przykładzie tzw. ustawy prądowej
Authors: Flis Maciej
Published: July 2019

W referacie omówiono problem subsydiów i innego rodzaju dopłat w kontekście podatku od towarów i usług. Przedstawiono regulację prawną w dyrektywie oraz prawie krajowym. Przywołano orzecznictwo dotyczące opodatkowania subsydiów. Przytoczono przepisy tzw. ustawy prądowej. Finalnie dokonano oceny tzw. ustawy prądowej w materii podatku od towarów i usług.
Allometry unleashed: an adaptationist approach of brain scaling in mammalian evolution
Authors: Willemet Romain
Published: July 2019

The idea that allometry in the context of brain evolution mainly result from constraints channelling the scaling of brain components is deeply embedded in the field of comparative neurobiology. Constraints, however, only prevent or limit changes, and cannot explain why these changes happen in the first place. In fact, considering allometry as a lack of change may be one of the reasons why, after more than a century of research, there is still no satisfactory explanatory framework for the understanding of species differences in brain size and composition in mammals. The present paper attempts to tackle this issue by adopting an adaptationist approach to examine the factors behind the evolution of brain components. In particular, the model presented here aims to explain the presence of patterns of covariation among brain components found within major taxa, and the differences between taxa. The key determinant of these patterns of covariation within a taxon-cerebrotype (groups of species whose brains present a number of similarities at the physiological and anatomical levels) seems to be the presence of taxon-specific patterns of selection pressures targeting the functional and structural properties of neural components or systems. Species within a taxon share most of the selection pressures, but their levels scale with a number of factors that are often related to body size. The size and composition of neural systems respond to these selection pressures via a number of evolutionary scenarios, which are discussed here. Adaptation, rather than, as generally assumed, developmental or functional constraints, thus appears to be the main factor behind the allometric scaling of brain components. The fact that the selection pressures acting on the size of brain components form a pattern that is specific to each taxon accounts for the peculiar relationship between body size, brain size and composition, and behavioural capabilities characterizing each taxon. While it is important to avoid repeating the errors of the “Panglossian paradigm”, the elements presented here suggests that an adaptationist approach may shed a new light on the factors underlying, and the functional consequences of, species differences in brain size and composition.
FcγRIIB-I232T polymorphic change allosterically suppresses ligand binding
Authors: Hu Wei , Zhang Yong , Sun Xiaolin , Zhang Tongtong , Xu Liling , Xie Hengyi , Li Zhanguo , Liu Wanli , Lou Jizhong , Chen Wei
Published: July 2019

FcγRIIB binding to its ligand suppresses immune cell activation. A single-nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) change, I232T, in the transmembrane (TM) domain of FcγRIIB loses its suppressive function, which is clinically associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previously, we reported that I232T tilts FcγRIIB’s TM domain. In this study, combining with molecular dynamics simulations and single-cell FRET assay, we further reveal that such tilting by I232T unexpectedly bends the FcγRIIB’s ectodomain toward plasma membrane to allosterically impede FcγRIIB’s ligand association. I232T substitution reduces in situ two-dimensional binding affinities and association rates of FcγRIIB to interact with its ligands, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 by three to four folds. This allosteric regulation by an SNP provides an intrinsic molecular mechanism for the functional loss of FcγRIIB-I232T in SLE patients.
Determinant Factors of Farmers’ Performance Regarding Fertilizer Application: An Overview from Bangladesh
Authors: Bagum Thahamina , Uddin Md. Kamal , Hassan Salim , Kamarulzaman Nitty Hirawaty , Rahman Md. Zulfikar
Published: July 2019

Aims: Farmers of Bangladesh use a less amount of urea fertilizer compared to the nutrient requirement and soil fertility status.  Hence, a significant gap between actual and recommended doses of fertilizers used by farmers have been reported in many instances. Therefore, this study assessed farmers’ performance towards fertilizer application, and explored the contribution of selected characteristics on that performance.

Study Design: This study employed a cross-sectional survey method using a correlational and descriptive research design.

Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in twenty-one villages of Gaibandha district in Bangladesh during 17 July, 2017 to 20 September, 2017.

Methodology: A total of 355 farmers were selected as sample using multistage random sampling. Data, collected using structured questionnaire, were subjected to descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression for describing the level of selected variables, their relationships and their contributions on farmers’ performance, respectively.

Results: Most (45.9%) of the farmers had high level of performance regarding fertilizer application. Farmers’ age, household size, educational level, farm size, training received, extension media contact, knowledge and attitudes of farmers had positive and significant relationship with their fertilizer application performance. Regression model explained 45.3% of variance of farmers’ performance where age, household size, farm size, training received, extension media contact, knowledge and attitudes of farmers were found significant predictors of farmers’ fertilizer application performance. Knowledge was found to be the most contributing factor followed by age and training received.

Conclusion: The study concludes with recommendations that are expected to improving fertilizers application scenario of Bangladesh.