bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crack mechanism of shield tunnel under excavation of foundation pit
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Jinchang
Published: February 2025

The segmental tunnel lining of existing shield tunnels is highly susceptible to crack and water leakage due to the excavation and unloading effects of adjacent foundation pits, posing significant risks to tunnel operational safety. Consequently, the effective control of crack damage is of paramount importance. This study investigates the damage and deterioration behavior of segmental linings using the total strain crack model for concrete, focusing on a subway shield tunnel located in a soft soil region adjacent to a foundation pit project. By incorporating soil-structure interaction effects, a comprehensive analysis of the damage and crack mechanisms of shield tunnels under foundation pit excavation is conducted, and the influence zones of foundation pit excavation on the damage to adjacent tunnels are delineated. The findings reveal that excavation activities induce an “oblique elliptical” deformation pattern in the segmental structure of the shield tunnel. Crack damage is primarily concentrated in the tensile zones, including the intrados of the arch crown and bottom, as well as the outside of the left and right haunches. As the horizontal distance between the tunnel and the foundation pit increases, and as the tunnel’s burial depth deepens, the location of crack damage exhibits a clockwise circumferential shift. To evaluate the crack characteristics of the segmental lining, metrics such as maximum crack width, cracking rate, and cracking factor are introduced. Based on these findings, the influence zones of foundation pit excavation on shield tunnels under various horizontal spacing and burial depth conditions are classified. Within these zones, the anticipated crack widths of the segmental linings can be estimated, providing a practical basis for implementing targeted reinforcement measures.
Mg-MOF-74: A novel material for adsorption and detection of toxic gases
Authors: Adhikari Dipak , Karki Ravi , Adhikari Kapil , Pantha Nurapati
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the adsorption characteristics of toxic gases such as CO, H2S, SO2, NH3, and NOx (x = 1,2) on Mg-MOF-74 using the framework of density functional theory as implemented in the Gaussian-09 and Quantum ESPRESSO suites of the programs. The result of the study revealed that these molecules and Mg-MOF-74 have adsorption interactions. CO, H2S, and NH3 molecules interact with MOF through physisorption, whereas SO2, NO, and NO2 molecules interact through chemisorption. In addition, the potential application of Mg-MOF-74 as an appropriate sensor for detecting these gas molecules is investigated by analyzing the HOMO–LUMO gap, density of states, and frontier molecular orbitals of both the MOF and gas molecules. The findings revealed that the HOMO–LUMO gap of bare MOF is 1.34 eV. The adsorption of CO, H2S, or NH3 molecules has no significant effect on the HOMO–LUMO gap of the MOF; however, the adsorption of SO2, NO, and NO2 molecules reduces it by 51% (0.66 eV), 61% (0.52 eV), and 63% (0.49 eV), respectively. This suggests that the electronic properties of Mg-MOF-74 are highly sensitive to the presence of SO2, NO, and NO2 gas molecules, which will be immensely helpful to researchers who are creating nano-electric circuits to detect toxic gases.
Two-step growth of crack-free 5 μm-thick Al0.2Ga0.8N on sapphire substrate with sputtered AlN nucleation layer
Authors: Li Y. Q. , Tian A. Q. , Liu J. P. , Li X. , Li F. Z. , Zhou W. , Ikeda M. , Yang H.
Published: February 2025

For AlGaN-based near ultraviolet laser diodes (UVA LDs) with emission wavelength below 365 nm, there is no such suitable substrate for homoepitaxy to the required AlGaN films. In this study, we proposed a two-step growth (TSG) method of thick Al0.2Ga0.8N layer grown on the sapphire substrate with a sputtered AlN nucleation layer. The influence of growth rate and V/III ratio on the growth mode of an AlGaN layer has been studied in detail. It is found that AlGaN films exhibit larger island size and lower island density with low growth rate and low V/III ratio during the 3D growth stage, which can effectively relax the compressive stress and suppress the dislocation formation of the subsequent thick AlGaN layer. Therefore, a crack-free high-quality 5 μm-thick Al0.2Ga0.8N layer with 85% biaxial relaxation is grown on a sapphire substrate by using the TSG method, revealing the threading dislocation density decreases from 1.2 × 1010 to 6.6 × 108 cm−2. This work paves the way for the realization and improvement of high-performance AlGaN-based UVA emitters.
Ferroelectric tunnel junction based on Zr0.75Hf0.25O2/Al2O3 composite barrier
Authors: Cao Yating , Xiao Jingchao , Qiao Haoxin , Zhang Wei , Li Yubao
Published: February 2025

Ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) with tunable tunnel electroresistance is promising for emerging nonvolatile memory applications. In this work, 6 nm-thick Hf-doped ZrO2 ferroelectrics with Zr : Hf = 3 : 1 (ZHO), exhibiting a high remanent polarization of 30 μC/cm2, was prepared and further used to build Pt/ZHO/Al2O3/W FTJ devices with adding 1 nm-thick Al2O3 dielectric layer to reduce the leakage. The FTJ delivered superior performance with a tunneling electroresistance ratio of over 7000, outperforming previously reported other FTJ devices based on hafnia/zirconia ferroelectrics. Under 100 ns single-pulse writing, the FTJ exhibited multiple stable states, good retention over 104 s, and switching endurance exceeding 5 × 104 cycles. Additionally, it delivered a relatively high read current density of 8 A/cm2 at 0.2 V. The results demonstrate that the ZHO/Al2O3 composite structure can effectively alter the tunneling barrier height and increase tunneling current, resulting in a large ON/OFF ratio. The results underscore a great potential of ZHO ferroelectrics in the future development of high-performance nonvolatile memory technologies.
Enhanced stability and mobility of aligned In2O3 nanofiber field-effect transistors with Y2O3 passivation
Authors: Tian Likun , Dong Yao , Miao Guangtan , Yin Zezhong , Liu Guoxia , Shan Fukai
Published: February 2025

Field-effect transistors (FETs) based on indium oxide (In2O3) nanofibers demonstrate significant potential for applications in next-generation electronic devices. However, In2O3 nanofiber FETs typically exhibit deteriorated electrical performance and bias stability due to the disordered arrangement of nanofibers and a high concentration of oxygen vacancy defects. In this study, In2O3 nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning, and the effects of nanofiber orientation and Y2O3 passivation on FET electrical performance were systematically investigated. The results indicate that after Y2O3 passivation, the aligned In2O3 nanofiber FETs exhibit enhanced electrical performance and superior positive bias stress and negative bias illumination stress stability. The Y2O3 passivation layer effectively prevents the penetration of external O2 and H2O molecules, while the diffusion of Y3+ into the back channel reduces oxygen vacancies, thereby improving device stability. When Al2O3 was employed as the dielectric layer, the electrical performance of aligned In2O3 nanofiber FET with Y2O3 passivation was further optimized, achieving a mobility of 18.2 cm2/V s and a subthreshold swing of 85 mV/dec. Meanwhile, the FET exhibits excellent environmental stability after 60 days of atmospheric exposure. This work provides a strategy for fabricating nanofiber-based FETs with high mobility and stability.
Flow patterns and vortex related characteristics of tandem rectangular structures with recessed corners
Authors: Li Jiankun , Wu Bo , Ma Cunming , Cui Bin , Li Shaopeng
Published: February 2025

Focused on optimizing the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of bridge towers, this study explores the aerodynamic characteristics of tandem rectangular cylinders with varying corner recess sizes through three-dimensional large eddy simulation. The effects of corner recess on aerodynamic forces, mean and fluctuating pressure distributions, flow structures, separation bubbles, and Strouhal numbers are thoroughly analyzed using five numerical simulations. The results reveal that the key factor driving VIV in tandem cylinders is the significant fluctuating lift experienced by the downstream cylinder. Corner recesses lead to smaller separation shear layer scales and earlier flow reattachment, thus reducing the vortex structure scale around the downstream cylinder. However, further increasing the recess size may cause stronger gap and wake vortex intensities, with increased velocity gradients counteracting the positive feedback from the reduction in the vortex scale. Therefore, the study suggests that a moderate corner (the recessed corner ratio is 12% of the cylinder's length and width) provides an optimal flow field around the two cylinders, balancing the dynamic relationship between the enhancement of the velocity gradient and the suppression of vortex structures. This results in a fluctuating lift force characterized by a slight increase at the upstream cylinder and a significant decrease at the downstream cylinder, ultimately minimizing the VIV amplitudes of the tandem cylinders. These findings underscore the importance of corner recess size in achieving aerodynamic stability, offering practical insights for modifying large bridge towers to mitigate wind-induced oscillations.
Study on the control mechanisms of pulsed co-flow jet based on Lagrangian coherent structures
Authors: Zhang Tonghao , Du Hai , Ma Junyu , Zhang Xiaodong , He Yunao , Zhang Kaiyuan , Gui Hongping
Published: February 2025

Pulsed co-flow jet, as an efficient flow control technology, can significantly enhance the aerodynamic performance of airfoils. However, its complex near-wall coupled flow phenomena result in intricate control mechanisms. This study adopts a Lagrangian perspective to investigate the flow phenomena and explore the underlying control mechanisms. First, the control effects of pulsed co-flow jet and steady co-flow jet are compared. Then, Lagrangian coherent structures are introduced into the study of pulsed co-flow jet flow control. Through numerical simulations, the material transport phenomena within the flow field of a pulsed co-flow jet airfoil based on the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 0012 airfoil are examined in detail. Additionally, by combining fluid dynamics methods with the pressure coefficient distribution, the primary reasons for the lift enhancement of the pulsed co-flow jet airfoil are analyzed. Finally, the impact of material transport on the flow field topology is discussed. The results show that material transport during the flow field evolution occurs in four distinct stages, each characterized by unique flow dynamics. Notably, the jet-induced vortex consists of an internal core and an external coupling region, with the suction slot significantly influencing the flow field, as captured in this study.
Computational screening of complex oxides for next-generation thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Zeraati Majid , Oganov Artem R. , Maltsev Alexey P. , Solodovnikov Sergey F.
Published: February 2025

Thermal barrier coatings are crucial for industries like aerospace and energy that rely on high temperatures, shielding metal, ceramic, or composite components from heat damage. Yttria-stabilized zirconia is one of the best thermal barrier coating (TBC) material due to its high-temperature stability and oxidation resistance, but it has drawbacks such as thermal phase transition at 1150-1200°C and high oxygen conductivity limit the number of thermal cycles and operating temperature at 1200°C. Thus, it is essential to find new TBC materials with low thermal conductivity, high thermal expansion coefficient, high phase, and thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability under oxidizing conditions to enhance performance and efficiency. In this study, using advanced computational methods, including AI and molecular dynamics simulations, we proposed several promising complex oxides with suitable structures, thermal and mechanical properties that could be further studied experimentally as TBC materials. Having calculated thermophysical properties of complex oxides with structures of perovskite, pyrochlore, garnet, and their derivatives. Using rigorous criteria, we have identified 14 new compounds with potential TBC applications. Overall, this research highlights the importance of computational techniques in material discovery for TBC applications.
Numerical investigation on the propagation process of ammonia diffusion flame ignited by hydrogen jet flame in a chamber with piston bowl
Authors: Yu Zhiqing , Zhao Jianhui , Li Xiang , Wu Tianyu
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen jet flame ignition technology, based on active pre-chamber, is an effective approach to improve the combustion inertness of ammonia. Revealing the transition mechanism of ammonia diffusion flame ignited by hydrogen jet flame, driven by the coupling of chemical reactions and mass transfer, is of great significance for developing advanced combustion strategies. This paper offers a comprehensive analytical perspective on the development process of ammonia–hydrogen ignition and combustion. The results show that, compared with the pre-chamber structure, the jet direction has a more significant impact on the turbulence kinetic energy of the mixture. The slender throat structure intensifies the turbulent thermal dissipation effect, which is detrimental to the formation and propagation of the initial flame. The process of ammonia combustion ignited by hydrogen jet flame can be divided into four stages. The hydrogen squeezed into the main chamber during the pre-chamber mixture ignition stage significantly impacts the propagation speed of the jet flame. During the transition from jet flame to diffusion flame, the combustion of the mixture shifts its dominant factor from the mass transfer rate of hydrogen to the chemical reaction rate. The combustion process of ammonia initially focuses on the thin reaction zone, followed by the flame front becoming corrugated under the influence of turbulent vortices and the reaction rate. The study provides an important theoretical basis for developing advanced combustion strategies, especially in the context of ammonia and hydrogen as the main power sources for zero-carbon marine vessels.
Impact of fracture network spatial distribution on production in unconventional reservoirs: Insights from discrete fracture network modeling
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Ruxin
Published: February 2025

Complex fracture networks, comprising hydraulic and preexisting natural fractures, play a pivotal role in characterizing flow dynamics and enhancing hydrocarbon production in low-permeability, low-porosity unconventional reservoirs. These networks function as the primary high-conductivity flow channels, as fluid flow through the matrix is minimal. Accurately representing their spatial distribution necessitates discrete fracture network (DFN) simulation methods, which treat individual fractures as distinct computational elements rather than averaging their properties into matrix grid blocks. This study introduces a comprehensive workflow for DFN generation, meshing, simulation, and result visualization, designed to improve the representation of complex fracture geometries and their impact on reservoir performance. A key innovation is integrating advanced refinement techniques with optimization-based meshing algorithms, creating high-quality unstructured perpendicular bisector grids that accurately capture fracture geometry and connectivity. The workflow is validated through two applications. The first uses an outcrop-based DFN model to investigate the effects of natural fracture properties on production. Sensitivity analyses reveal a positive correlation between natural fracture conductivity and oil production, with fracture permeability having a greater impact than width. The second employs synthetic DFN models to evaluate hydraulic fracturing strategies. Results demonstrate that non-uniform fracture designs consistently outperform uniform designs at the same stimulation cost, emphasizing the importance of tailored stimulation patterns to reduce undepleted regions and maximize stimulated reservoir volume. These findings highlight key factors controlling hydrocarbon recovery in shale plays, the limitations of uniform stimulation strategies in current practices, and advocate for customized approaches to optimize unconventional reservoir development.
Engineered immunological niche directs therapeutic development in models of progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rad Laila M. , Hughes Kevin R. , Wheeler Sydney N. , Decker Joseph T. , Orbach Sophia M. , Galvan Angelica , Thornhill Jasmine , Griffin Kate V. , Turkistani Hamza , Urie Russell R. , Irani David N. , Shea Lonnie D. , Morris Aaron H.
Published: February 2025

Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease with only a single class of FDA-approved treatment, B cell depletion. Novel treatments could emerge from a deeper understanding of the interplay between multiple cell types within diseased tissue throughout progression. We initially describe an engineered biomaterial–based immunological niche (IN) as a surrogate for diseased tissue to investigate immune cell function and phenotype dynamics throughout a chronic progressive mouse model of MS. Using these niches, we identify an array of dysregulated CC chemokine signaling as potential targets. We then develop antigen-loaded nanoparticles that reduce CC chemokine signaling, while delivering antigen. These nanoparticles serve as an antigen-specific treatment, and a single injection reduces disease burden, even if administered after symptomatic disease onset. This report demonstrates proof of principle of a biomaterial scaffold as a diseased tissue surrogate that can monitor immune function, identify potential drug targets, and guide the development of a therapeutic.
Peer income exposure across the income distribution
Authors: Spiegel Michelle , Clark Leah , Domina Thurston , Penner Emily K. , Hanselman Paul , Yoo Paul Y. , Penner Andrew
Published: February 2025

Children from families across the income distribution attend public schools, making schools and classrooms potential sites for interaction between more- and less-affluent children. However, limited information exists regarding the extent of economic integration in these contexts. We merge educational administrative data from Oregon with measures of family income derived from IRS records to document student exposure to economically diverse school and classroom peers. Our findings indicate that affluent children in public schools are relatively isolated from their less affluent peers, while low- and middle-income students experience relatively even peer income distributions. Students from families in the top percentile of the income distribution attend schools where 20 percent of their peers, on average, come from the top five income percentiles. A large majority of the differences in peer exposure that we observe arise from the sorting of students across schools; sorting across classrooms within schools plays a substantially smaller role.
Liver-specific transgenic expression of human NTCP in rhesus macaques confers HBV susceptibility on primary hepatocytes
Authors: Rust Lauren N. , Wettengel Jochen M. , Biswas Sreya , Ryu Junghyun , Piekarski Nadine , Yusova Sofiya , Lutz Savannah S. , Naldiga Spandana , Hinrichs Brayden J. , Sullivan Michelle N. , Lo Jamie O. , Protzer Ulrike , Smedley Jeremy V. , Sacha Jonah B. , Hanna Carol B. , Bimber Benjamin N. , Hennebold Jon D. , Burwitz Benjamin J.
Published: February 2025

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a significant global health challenge, necessitating the urgent development of curative therapeutics. However, this progress is impeded by the lack of robust, immunocompetent preclinical animal models due to HBV’s strict species specificity. We previously showed that vector-mediated expression of the HBV entry receptor, human sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (hNTCP), renders macaques fully susceptible to HBV infection. In this study, we have generated transgenic macaques expressing hNTCP, marking the creation of the first transgenic nonhuman primate model for infectious disease research. We used PiggyBac (PB) transposon technology to insert a liver-specific hNTCP expression cassette into rhesus macaque zygotes and transferred the resulting embryos into surrogate females, resulting in two healthy transgenic offspring. In both animals, hNTCP is highly and selectively expressed in the liver. Most importantly, we show that isolated hepatocytes from these monkeys are susceptible to HBV infection. These findings lay the foundation for the development of a nonhuman primate HBV model, facilitating the advancement and validation of curative HBV therapies.
Clear cell renal carcinoma essentially requires CDKL3 for oncogenesis
Authors: Ma Lanjing , Pang Zhongqiu , Zhang Haijiao , Yang Xueling , Zheng Shaoqin , Chen Yi , Ding Weijie , Han Qing , Zhang Xi , Cao Liu , Fei Teng , Wang Qiang , Gao Daming , He Aina , Hu Ke-Bang , Li Xuexin , Sheng Ren
Published: February 2025

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the predominant human renal cancer with surging incidence and fatality lately. Hyperactivation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling are the common signatures in ccRCC. Herein, we employed spontaneous ccRCC model to demonstrate the indispensability of an underappreciated Ser/Thr kinase, CDKL3, in the initiation and progression of ccRCC. Ablation of CDKL3 does not affect normal kidney, but abrogates Akt-mTOR hyperactivity and thoroughly prevents the formation and growth of the HIF-agitated ccRCC in vivo. Remarkable clinical correlations also supported the oncogenic role of CDKL3. Mechanism-wise, cytosolic CDKL3 unexpectedly behaves as the adaptor to physically potentiate mTORC2-dependent Akt activation without functioning through kinase activity. And mTORC2 can phosphorylate and stabilize CDKL3 to form a positive feedback loop to sustain the cancer-favored Akt-mTOR overactivation. Together, we revealed the pathological importance and molecular mechanism of CDKL3-mediated Akt-mTOR axis in ccRCC initiation and progression.
Impairment of DET1 causes neurological defects and lethality in mice and humans
Authors: Karayel Ozge , Soung Allison , Gurung Hem , Schubert Alexander F. , Klaeger Susan , Kschonsak Marc , Al-Maraghi Aljazi , Bhat Ajaz A. , Alshabeeb Akil Ammira S. , Dugger Debra L. , Webster Joshua D. , French Dorothy M. , Anand Dhullipala , Soni Naharmal , Fakhro Khalid A. , Rose Christopher M. , Harris Seth F. , Ndoja Ada , Newton Kim , Dixit Vishva M.
Published: February 2025

COP1 and DET1 are components of an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is conserved from plants to humans. Mammalian COP1 binds to DET1 and is a substrate adaptor for the CUL4A-DDB1-RBX1 RING E3 ligase. Transcription factor substrates, including c-Jun, ETV4, and ETV5, are targeted for proteasomal degradation to effect rapid transcriptional changes in response to cues such as growth factor deprivation. Here, we link a homozygous

DET1
R26W

mutation to lethal developmental abnormalities in humans. Experimental cryo-electron microscopy of the DET1 complex with DDB1 and DDA1, as well as co-immunoprecipitation experiments, revealed that DET1
R26W
impairs binding to DDB1, thereby compromising E3 ligase function. Accordingly, human-induced pluripotent stem cells homozygous for

DET1
R26W

expressed ETV4 and ETV5 highly, and exhibited defective mitochondrial homeostasis and aberrant caspase-dependent cell death when differentiated into neurons. Neuronal cell death was increased further in the presence of
Det1
-deficient microglia as compared to WT microglia, indicating that the deleterious effects of the
DET1
p.R26W mutation may stem from the dysregulation of multiple cell types. Mice lacking
Det1
died during embryogenesis, while
Det1
deletion just in neural stem cells elicited hydrocephalus, cerebellar dysplasia, and neonatal lethality. Our findings highlight an important role for DET1 in the neurological development of mice and humans.
Observation of Topological Nodal-Ring Phonons in Monolayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Tao 陶 Zhiyu 志禹 , Wang 王 Yani 雅妮 , He 何 Shuyi 舒怡 , Li 李 Jiade 佳德 , Xue 薛 Siwei 思玮 , Su 苏 Zhibin 智斌 , Sun 孙 Jiatao 家涛 , Peng 彭 Hailin 海琳 , Guo 郭 Jiandong 建东 , Zhu 朱 Xuetao 学涛
Published: February 2025

Topological physics has evolved from its initial focus on fermionic systems to the exploration of bosonic systems, particularly phononic excitations in crystalline materials. Two-dimensional (2D) topological phonons emerge as promising candidates for future technological applications. Currently, experimental verification of 2D topological phonons has remained exclusively limited to graphene, a constraint that hinders their applications in phononic devices. Here, we report experimental evidence of topological phonons in monolayer hexagonal boron nitride using advanced high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. Our high-precision measurements explicitly demonstrate two topological nodal rings in monolayer hexagonal boron nitride, protected by mirror symmetry, expanding the paradigm of 2D topological phonons beyond graphene. This research not only deepens fundamental understanding of 2D topological phonons, but also establishes a phononic device platform based on wide-bandgap insulators, crucial for advancements in electronics and photonics applications.
Odd parity gravitational waves in modified Bianchi I cosmology
Authors: Kamal Arsal , Manzoor Rubab , Aydogdu Oktay , Salti Mustafa , Siddiqa Aisha
Published: February 2025

In this study, we primarily examine the behavior of axial (odd parity) gravitational waves (GWs) in an initially Bianchi Type-I Universe, with a particular focus on the influence of a scalar field within the framework of

f
(
R
,

T

ψ

)

theory. To this end, we employ the Regge–Wheeler perturbation framework, with a particular emphasis on the axial mode. Using these axial perturbations, we derive the perturbed field equations after formulating the field equations for the unperturbed cosmological model. Our results indicate that the scalar field primarily influences the temporal components of the perturbations, whereas the spatial components exhibit sinusoidal wave-like behavior. These findings provide new insights into the interplay between scalar fields and GWs, with potential implications for understanding the dynamics of the early Universe and testing modified gravity theories.
Quantum curved tetrahedron, quantum group intertwiner space, and coherent states
Authors: Hsiao Chen-Hung , Pan Qiaoyin
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we construct the phase space of a constantly curved tetrahedron with fixed triangle areas in terms of a pair of Darboux coordinates called the length and twist coordinates, which are in analogy to the Fenchel–Nielsen coordinates for flat connections, and their quantization. The curvature is identified to the value of the cosmological constant, either positive or negative. The physical Hilbert space is given by the

U

q

(

s

u

(
2
)
)

intertwiner space. We show that the quantum trace of quantum monodromies, defining the quantum length operators, form a fusion algebra and describe their representation theory. We also construct the coherent states in the physical Hilbert space labeled by the length and twist coordinates. These coherent states describe quantum curved tetrahedra and peak at points of the tetrahedron phase space. This work is closely related to 3+1 dimensional loop quantum gravity with a non-vanishing cosmological constant. The coherent states constructed herein serve as good candidates for the application to the spinfoam model with a cosmological constant.
Heat capacities and thermodynamic geometry in deformed Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity
Authors: Babaei-Aghbolagh H , Mirjalali Mirmani , Mahdavian Yekta Davood , Babaei Velni Komeil , Mohammadzadeh Hosein
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we will study some thermodynamic features and phase structure of charged AdS black holes in deformed Jackiw–Teitelboim (dJT) gravity. We find the values of temperature, entropy and electric charge at the critical inflection points of the corresponding solutions. In addition, we compute the heat capacity as thermal stability parameter along with the expansion coefficient and isothermal compressibility as thermodynamic response functions in dJT model. It is shown that they are divergent at the critical points of the isocharge curves and satisfy the Ehrenfest’s equations which discloses this fact that the phase transition at the critical points is of second order. In the context of thermodynamic geometry, we also compute the state scalar curvature, R, of these black holes following three practical methods; Weinhold, Ruppeiner and New thermodynamic geometry. This provides more insights into the behavior and significance of the scalar curvature near the critical points of charged AdS black holes in dJT theory, analogous to that for conventional critical phenomena.
Evidence for Planck luminosity bound in quantum gravity
Authors: Wieland Wolfgang
Published: February 2025

Recently, we introduced a non-perturbative quantization of impulsive gravitational null initial data. In this note, we investigate an immediate physical implication of the model. One of the quantum numbers is the total luminosity carried to infinity. We show that a transition happens when the luminosity reaches the Planck power

L

P

. Below

L

P

, the spectrum of the radiated power is discrete. Above the Planck power, the spectrum is continuous. A physical state that lies in the continuous spectrum consists of a superposition of kinematical states in which the shear is unbounded from above. We argue that such states are unphysical because they contain caustics that are in conflict with the falloff conditions at asymptotic infinity.
An efficient approach for multi-GNSS precise orbit determination using uncombined observations
Authors: Fan Lei , Wu Ziqian , Zhou Linghao , Zhang Tao , Fang Xinqi
Published: February 2025

Data processing of the Global Navigation Satellite System using uncombined (UC) observations has been a hot topic in recent years. However, the computation complexity and time consumption of the UC approach is much higher than those of the linear combination approach due to there being more parameters of interest. Concerning this issue, we propose a three-step approach by combining the ionosphere-free (IF) observation model and the UC observation model in a network scheme to reduce computation complexity. The first two steps are based on the IF observation model to detect cycle slips and gross errors using preprocessing and post-fit residual screening algorithms, respectively, while the third step is based on the UC observation model in which the ambiguities estimated from the IF model are used for UC ambiguity resolution (IF-IF-UC). To validate this approach, a network of 140 globally distributed stations is chosen and 1 year of GPS/GALILEO/BDS-3 dual-frequency data in 2021 is processed. The 1D RMSs of satellite orbit difference and the average STDs of satellite clock differences with respect to ESA’s products for GPS, Galileo and BDS-3 are 1.8, 2.4 and 4.1 cm and 0.024, 0.019 and 0.028 ns, respectively. Compared with the GIM products provided by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe, the mean RMSs of the VTEC differences for GPS, Galileo and BDS-3 are 2.38, 2.30 and 3.09 TECU. For comparison purposes, the approach where all three-steps are based on the UC model is also conducted (UC-UC-UC). Results show that satellite orbits, clocks and VTECs from the IF-IF-UC approach are almost the same as those from the UC-UC-UC approach. By introducing high-performance linear algebra libraries, the elapsed time of the proposed IF-IF-UC approach is about 1 h, which is an improvement of 36% when compared to the UC-UC-UC approach. Nevertheless, the elapsed time is nearly 6 d when the UC-UC-UC approach is conducted without introducing high-performance linear algebra libraries.
Segregated solutions for a nonlinear Schrödinger system involving mass supercritical exponents
Authors: Guo Qidong , Hua Qiaoqiao
Published: February 2025

We study the following nonlinear Schrödinger system

{

−
Δ
u
+

(

λ
+
P

(
y
)

)

u
=
α

u

3
+
ε

+
β
u

v
2

,
 

in 
 

ℝ
2

,

−
Δ
v
+

(

λ
+
Q

(
y
)

)

v
=
γ

v

3
+
ε

+
β

u
2

v
,
 

in 
 

ℝ
2

,

u
>
0
,
v
>
 
0
,
 

in 
 

ℝ
2

,

with prescribed mass

∫

R

2

(

u
2

+

v
2

)
=
1

, where λ is a Lagrange multiplier, P(y) and Q(y) are real-valued potentials,

α
,
β
,
γ
∈

R

+

are constants, and

3
+
ε

is a slightly mass supercritical exponent. In this paper, we show that there exists a segregated vector solution, and it is the number of the critical points of the potentials P(y) and Q(y) that affects the existence and the number of solutions to this problem. We also prove the local uniqueness for the normalized solutions we construct.
Investigation of the sheared flows and staircases with a full-wave 2D synthetic diagnostic FeDoT
Authors: Glasser A , Clairet F , Hacquin S , Dif-Pradalier G
Published: February 2025

Poloidal flows and avalanches play a key role in tokamak plasma self-organization by suppressing turbulence in sheared flow regions, contributing to the formation of weak transport barriers. These structures, predicted by GYSELA simulations and indirectly observed in the Tore Supra tokamak, are challenging to detect due to their millimeter-scale size. This study uses the ultra-fast-swept reflectometer (UFSR), capable of high spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, to analyze turbulence characteristics, including flow-induced spectral asymmetries.The synthetic diagnostic FeDoT, developed for UFSR data interpretation, enables the study of these structures using 2D wave propagation simulations and advanced signal processing routines. FeDoT simulations demonstrate that the coherence length, derived from reflectometer signals, closely aligns with the radial structure of the radial electric field and can be used to detect staircases. Furthermore, spectral asymmetry, indicative of flow direction and sheared flows, is quantified using a novel spectral chirality metric. These findings validate the use of reflectometry for detecting flows and transport barriers, providing insights into the interplay between turbulence and transport.
Diode-pumped continuous-wave quasi-three-level Nd:YLF laser operating below 900 nm
Authors: Wang Shuang , Li Changli
Published: February 2025

We report a diode-pumped continuous-wave quasi-three-level Nd:YLF laser operating below 900 nm. The effective gain of the quasi-three-level Nd:YLF laser were calculated. By rotating the intracavity Lyot filter (LF), three laser wavelengths at 873 nm, 880 nm and 885 nm were realized in σ-polarization, respectively. At an absorbed pump power of 16.6 W, the output powers obtained at 873 nm, 880 nm and 885 nm were 734 mW, 956 mW and 327 mW, respectively. The corresponding slope efficiencies with respect to the absorbed pump power were 5.9%, 7.3% and 3.8%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quasi-three-level Nd:YLF laser operating at the wavelength below 900 nm. The paper demonstrates the potential of Nd-doped solid-state lasers for applications in the blue range by frequency-doubled technology, in replacement of gas lasers such as helium-cadmium lasers.
Assessing Arctic marginal ice zone dynamics from 1979 to 2023: insights into long-term variability and morphological changes
Authors: Song Lijuan , Zhao Xi , Wu Yifan , Gong Jiaxing , Li Bo
Published: February 2025

Against the backdrop of global climate change, the continued decline in Arctic sea ice extent and thickness has intensified the dynamic evolution of the marginal ice zone (MIZ). As a critical transitional region between the open ocean and pack ice, the MIZ plays a pivotal role in mediating ocean-atmosphere interactions, influencing sea ice dynamics, and supporting polar ecosystems. This study investigates the dynamic variability and morphological evolution of the Arctic MIZ from 1979 to 2023 using the Bootstrap sea ice concentration (SIC) product. Results reveal that while the overall MIZ extent has remained relatively stable over the long term, the MIZ fraction (i.e. the ratio of MIZ extent to Arctic sea ice extent) has increased significantly, as the total sea ice extent has decreased over time. The seasonal cycle is pronounced, with minimum extents observed in March or April and maximum extents in August or September. From June to September, the SIC values within the MIZ showed a significant downward trend in spatial distribution, indicating that the SIC in this region generally decreased during summer. Furthermore, the MIZ has experienced a northward shift over the past four decades, with an accelerated rate of migration post-2000. This shift is accompanied by morphological changes, characterized by a smoother ice edge and more compact ice during late summer. A significant change point was detected in 2006, signaling a structural shift in MIZ dynamics. Post-2006, the frequency of MIZ occurrence increased in high-latitude regions, particularly across the Beaufort, Chukchi, East Siberian, and Laptev Seas. These findings provide critical insights into Arctic sea ice dynamics, highlighting the evolving nature of the MIZ and its role in shaping the future Arctic ice regime under continued climate change.
On random classical marginal problems with applications to quantum information theory
Authors: Jha Ankit Kumar , Nechita Ion
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we study random instances of the classical marginal problem. We encode the problem in a graph, where the vertices have assigned fixed binary probability distributions, and edges have assigned random bivariate distributions having the incident vertex distributions as marginals. We provide estimates on the probability that a joint distribution on the graph exists, having the bivariate edge distributions as marginals. Our study is motivated by Fine’s theorem in quantum mechanics. We study in great detail the graphs corresponding to CHSH and Bell–Wigner scenarios providing rations of volumes between the local and non-signaling polytopes.
Finiteness and uniqueness of duality cascades in three dimensions for affine quivers
Authors: Moriyama Sanefumi , Otozawa Kichinosuke
Published: February 2025

For three-dimensional circular-quiver supersymmetric Chern–Simons theories, the questions, whether duality cascades always terminate and whether the endpoint is unique, were rephrased into the question whether a polytope defined in the parameter space of relative ranks for duality cascades is a parallelotope, filling the space by discrete translations. By regarding circular quivers as affine Dynkin diagrams, we generalize the arguments into other affine quivers. We find that, after rewriting properties into the group-theoretical language, most arguments work in the generalizations. Especially, we find that, instead of the original relation to parallelotopes, the corresponding polytope still fills the parameter space but with some gaps. This indicates that, under certain restrictions, duality cascades still terminate uniquely.
Efficient computation of non-archimedean theta functions
Authors: Masdeu Marc , Xarles Xavier
Published: February 2025

We describe an efficient iterative algorithm for the computation of theta functions of non-archimedean Schottky groups and, more generally, of (non-archimedean) discontinuous groups.
LYSET facilitates integration of both the N- and C-terminal transmembrane helices/cytoplasmic domains of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase
Authors: Doray Baraj , Jennings Benjamin C. , Yang Xi , Liu Lin , Venkatarangan Varsha , Kornfeld Stuart , Li Ming
Published: February 2025

LYSET is a recently identified Golgi transmembrane (TM) protein, and inactivating mutations in the LYSET gene phenocopy mucolipidosis II (MLII), the lysosomal storage disease caused by loss of function of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase αβ (GNPTαβ), which tags lysosomal hydrolases with the mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) tag for delivery to lysosomes. It is conceivable that LYSET facilitates integration of both hydrophilic TM helices (TMHs) of GNPTαβ and retain the latter in the Golgi, although this has only been directly demonstrated for the N-terminal TMH wherein a membrane-stabilized GNPTαβ variant restores lysosomal function in cells lacking LYSET. Here we show that the C-terminal TMH of GNPTαβ also contributes to LYSET-mediated Golgi retention. In addition, disease-causing patient mutations in the N-terminal TMH of GNPTαβ, which increase the hydrophilicity of the helix, are partly rescued by overexpression of LYSET. Finally, we show that a membrane-stabilized GNPTαβ variant, despite overcoming the requirement for LYSET, still requires COPI-mediated recycling via the N-terminal cytosolic domain (CD) for GNPTαβ retention and function in the Golgi.
The cell biology and genome of Stentor pyriformis, a giant cell that embeds symbiotic algae in a microtubule meshwork
Authors: Boudreau Vincent , Albright Ashley R. , Larson Ben T. , Gerbich Therese M. , Fadero Tanner , Yan Victoria , Lucas-DeMott Aviva , Yung Jay , Moulin Solène L.Y. , Descovich Carlos Patiño , Slabodnick Mark M , Burlacot Adrien , Wang Jeremy R. , Niyogi Krishna K , Marshall Wallace F.
Published: February 2025

Endosymbiotic events in which an endosymbiont is retained within a cell that remains capable of phagocytosis, a situation known as mixotrophy, provide potentially important clues about the eukaryotic evolution. Here we describe the cell biology and genome of the giant mixotrophic ciliate Stentor pyriformis. We show that S. pyriformis contains Chlorella variabilis as an endosymbiont that retains the ability to live outside the host. Within the host, the Chlorella cells surrounded by microtubule “baskets” near the cell surface. Photosynthetic efficiency of the Chlorella is reduced inside the Stentor cell compared to outside the host, due to increased non-photochemical quenching. S. pyriformis displays positive phototaxis via directed swimming that requires the presence of the Chlorella, implying a potential flow of information from the symbiont to direct the orientation and swimming of the host cell. We sequenced the S. pyriformis genome and found that it employs a standard genetic code, similar to other Stentor species but different from most other ciliates. We propose that S. pyriformis will serve as a useful model system for studying endosymbiosis, with unique advantages in terms of size and regenerative ability as well as distinct cellular and genomic features compared with other mixotrophic ciliate models.

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The Hermeneutics of Distraction in Early Medieval England
Authors: Weaver Erica
Published: February 2025

Distraction is now too easily and often considered a metonym for modern consciousness, but it was also a medieval concern, which posed a particular threat to religious life. Distraction opened the door to all other temptations, and—most disturbingly of all—it invalidated central devotional acts such as reading, praying, and reciting the Psalms. Far from an innocuous sensation, distraction posed a significant spiritual danger. It also generated powerful countervailing responses in literature, pedagogy, and religious observance, profoundly shaping literary interpretation in the process. The Hermeneutics of Distraction writes this cultural and intellectual history. In doing so, the book reveals that the pervasive threat of distraction precipitated the development of several different tactics for reorienting attention, especially in the tenth-century monastic correction movement traditionally known as the Benedictine Reform, which reshaped monastic life across Europe. In England, this movement was spearheaded by Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester. By examining the substantial literary output of Æthelwold and his circle as a unified corpus, The Hermeneutics of Distraction shows that these reformers developed a demanding hermeneutic style in both English and Latin in order to fend off complacency and recall wandering minds. The book thus comes at the topic of distraction through the study of the affective practices of a particular community of writers and readers, but it also explores the implications of this focused study both for a larger historical context (Western monasticism from the fifth century to the twelfth) and for the history of a unifying concept (the experience of distraction).
Coda
Authors: Weaver Erica
Published: February 2025

My chapters arc from the problem of distraction to its uses, and a closing coda turns from distraction to its obverse, asking what happens when your strategies for cultivating attention themselves become rote, or when difficult styles themselves prove distracting? What new forms of devotional life take shape? This final, brief meditation pushes the book past the usual divide of the Norman Conquest in order to examine the rapid cooling of interest in the hermeneutic style and the rise of new alternatives to Benedictine monasticism in the twelfth century, sketching objections to ostentation and the turn away from difficult aesthetics in thinkers such as William of Malmesbury. As William demonstrates, looking back, there is a continual need to reinvent your modes of attention-seeking and thereby of reading and writing writ large, while texts such as Bernard of Clairvaux’s Apologia, Ancrene Wisse, and Margery Kempe’s Booke testify to ongoing challenges with distraction in medieval devotional life.