bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Atmospheric Budget of Acetone: Air‐Sea Exchange and the Contribution to Hydroxyl Radicals
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Apel Eric C. , Schwantes Rebecca H. , Bates Kelvin H. , Jacob Daniel J. , Fischer Emily V. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Hills Alan J. , Emmons Louisa K. , Pan Laura L. , Honomichl Shawn , Tilmes Simone , Lamarque Jean‐François , Yang Mingxi , Marandino Christa A. , Saltzman Eric S. , de Bruyn Warren , Kameyama Sohiko , Tanimoto Hiroshi , Omori Yuko , Hall Samuel R. , Ullmann Kirk , Ryerson Thomas B. , Thompson Chelsea R. , Peischl Jeff , Daube Bruce C. , Commane Róisín , McKain Kathryn , Sweeney Colm , Thames Alexander B. , Miller David O. , Brune William H. , Diskin Glenn S. , DiGangi Joshua P. , Wofsy Steven C.
Published: July 2020

Acetone is one of the most abundant oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. The oceans impose a strong control on atmospheric acetone, yet the oceanic fluxes of acetone remain poorly constrained. In this work, the global budget of acetone is evaluated using two global models: CAM‐chem and GEOS‐Chem. CAM‐chem uses an online air‐sea exchange framework to calculate the bidirectional oceanic acetone fluxes, which is coupled to a data‐oriented machine‐learning approach. The machine‐learning algorithm is trained using a global suite of seawater acetone measurements. GEOS‐Chem uses a fixed surface seawater concentration of acetone to calculate the oceanic fluxes. Both model simulations are compared to airborne observations from a recent global‐scale, multiseasonal campaign, the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). We find that both CAM‐chem and GEOS‐Chem capture the measured acetone vertical distributions in the remote atmosphere reasonably well. The combined observational and modeling analysis suggests that (i) the ocean strongly regulates the atmospheric budget of acetone. The tropical and subtropical oceans are mostly a net source of acetone, while the high‐latitude oceans are a net sink. (ii) CMIP6 anthropogenic emission inventory may underestimate acetone and/or its precursors in the Northern Hemisphere. (iii) The MEGAN biogenic emissions model may overestimate acetone and/or its precursors, and/or the biogenic oxidation mechanisms may overestimate the acetone yields. (iv) The models consistently overestimate acetone in the upper troposphere‐lower stratosphere over the Southern Ocean in austral winter. (v) Acetone contributes up to 30–40% of hydroxyl radical production in the tropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere.
Singularity Intensity Function Analysis of Autoregressive Spectrum and Its Application in Weak Target Detection Under Sea Clutter Background
Authors: Jiang Zheng‐jie , Fan Yi‐fei
Published: July 2020

Weak target detection based on fractal analysis under rada sea clutter background is an open problem. The existing methods, using single fractal dimension and Hurst exponent in time domain or Fourier domain, are not applicable under low signal‐to‐clutter ratio (SCR) conditions. Since autoregressive (AR) spectrum has the advantage of high‐frequency resolution over the Fourier spectrum in sea clutter analysis, while multifracal theory is an extension of single fractal analysis. Therefore, we combined the multifractal analysis with AR spectrum estimate theory. Since singularity intensity function is an important parameter to describe a multifractal set, this paper proposed a weak target detection method based on singularity intensity function of AR spectrum under the sea clutter background. Then real S‐band data sets are used to analyze the singularity intensity function of AR spectrum, and the results show that the AR singularity intensity function between sea clutter and targets has different value range interval. Finally, the singularity intensity function width of AR spectrum is taken as a statistical test for weak target detection. Compared to the existing fractal methods method, the proposed target detection method improves the detection probability over 20% in low SCR condition.
Investigation of the safety and feasibility of AAV1/SERCA2a gene transfer in patients with chronic heart failure supported with a left ventricular assist device – the SERCA-LVAD TRIAL
Authors: Lyon A. R. , Babalis D. , Morley-Smith A. C. , Hedger M. , Suarez Barrientos A. , Foldes G. , Couch L. S. , Chowdhury R. A. , Tzortzis K. N. , Peters N. S. , Rog-Zielinska E. A. , Yang H-Y , Welch S. , Bowles C. T. , Rahman Haley S. , Bell A. R. , Rice A. , Sasikaran T. , Johnson N. A. , Falaschetti E. , Parameshwar J. , Lewis C. , Tsui S. , Simon A. , Pepper J. , Rudy J. J. , Zsebo K. M. , Macleod K. T. , Terracciano C. M. , Hajjar R. J. , Banner N. , Harding S. E.
Published: July 2020

The SERCA-LVAD trial was a phase 2a trial assessing the safety and feasibility of delivering an adeno-associated vector 1 carrying the cardiac isoform of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (AAV1/SERCA2a) to adult chronic heart failure patients implanted with a left ventricular assist device. The SERCA-LVAD trial was one of a program of AAV1/SERCA2a cardiac gene therapy trials including CUPID1, CUPID 2 and AGENT trials. Enroled subjects were randomised to receive a single intracoronary infusion of 1 × 1013 DNase-resistant AAV1/SERCA2a particles or a placebo solution in a double-blinded design, stratified by presence of neutralising antibodies to AAV. Elective endomyocardial biopsy was performed at 6 months unless the subject had undergone cardiac transplantation, with myocardial samples assessed for the presence of exogenous viral DNA from the treatment vector. Safety assessments including ELISPOT were serially performed. Although designed as a 24 subject trial, recruitment was stopped after five subjects had been randomised and received infusion due to the neutral result from the CUPID 2 trial. Here we describe the results from the 5 patients at 3 years follow up, which confirmed that viral DNA was delivered to the failing human heart in 2 patients receiving gene therapy with vector detectable at follow up endomyocardial biopsy or cardiac transplantation. Absolute levels of detectable transgene DNA were low, and no functional benefit was observed. There were no safety concerns in this small cohort. This trial identified some of the challenges of performing gene therapy trials in this LVAD patient cohort which may help guide future trial design.
Blood genome expression profiles in infants with congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Ouellette Christopher P. , Sánchez Pablo J. , Xu Zhaohui , Blankenship Derek , Zeray Fiker , Ronchi Andrea , Shimamura Masako , Chaussabel Damien , Lee Lizette , Owen Kris E. , Shoup Angela G. , Ramilo Octavio , Mejias Asuncion
Published: July 2020

Congenital CMV infection (cCMVi) affects 0.5–1% of all live births worldwide, making it the leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in childhood. The majority of infants with cCMVi have normal hearing at birth, but are at risk of developing late-onset SNHL. Currently, we lack reliable biomarkers to predict the development of SNHL in these infants. Here, we evaluate blood transcriptional profiles in 80 infants with cCMVi (49 symptomatic, 31 asymptomatic), enrolled in the first 3 weeks of life, and followed for 3 years to assess emergence of late-onset SNHL. The biosignatures of symptomatic and asymptomatic cCMVi are indistinguishable, suggesting that immune responses of infants with asymptomatic and symptomatic cCMVi are not different. Random forest analyses of initial samples in infants with cCMVi, irrespective of their clinical classification, identify a 16-gene classifier signature associated with the development of SNHL with 92% accuracy, suggesting its potential value as a biomarker.
Structural snapshots of human pre-60S ribosomal particles before and after nuclear export
Authors: Liang Xiaomeng , Zuo Mei-Qing , Zhang Yunyang , Li Ningning , Ma Chengying , Dong Meng-Qiu , Gao Ning
Published: July 2020

Ribosome biogenesis is an elaborate and energetically expensive program that involve two hundred protein factors in eukaryotes. Nuclear export of pre-ribosomal particles is one central step which also serves as an internal structural checkpoint to ensure the proper completion of nuclear assembly events. Here we present four structures of human pre-60S particles isolated through a nuclear export factor NMD3, representing assembly stages immediately before and after nuclear export. These structures reveal locations of a dozen of human factors, including an uncharacterized factor TMA16 localized between the 5S RNA and the P0 stalk. Comparison of these structures shows a progressive maturation for the functional regions, such as peptidyl transferase centre and peptide exit tunnel, and illustrate a sequence of factor-assisted rRNA maturation events. These data facilitate our understanding of the global conservation of ribosome assembly in eukaryotes and species-specific features of human assembly factors.
Rieske iron-sulfur protein induces FKBP12.6/RyR2 complex remodeling and subsequent pulmonary hypertension through NF-κB/cyclin D1 pathway
Authors: Mei Lin , Zheng Yun-Min , Song Tengyao , Yadav Vishal R. , Joseph Leroy C. , Truong Lillian , Kandhi Sharath , Barroso Margarida M. , Takeshima Hiroshi , Judson Marc A. , Wang Yong-Xiao
Published: July 2020

Ca2+ signaling in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) plays an important role in pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the underlying specific ion channel mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we report ryanodine receptor (RyR) channel activity and Ca2+ release both are increased, and association of RyR2 by FK506 binding protein 12.6 (FKBP12.6) is decreased in PASMCs from mice with chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced PH. Smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific RyR2 knockout (KO) or Rieske iron-sulfur protein (RISP) knockdown inhibits the altered Ca2+ signaling, increased nuclear factor (NF)-κB/cyclin D1 activation and cell proliferation, and CH-induced PH in mice. FKBP12.6 KO or FK506 treatment enhances CH-induced PH, while S107 (a specific stabilizer of RyR2/FKBP12.6 complex) produces an opposite effect. In conclusion, CH causes RISP-dependent ROS generation and FKBP12.6/RyR2 dissociation, leading to PH. RISP inhibition, RyR2/FKBP12.6 complex stabilization and Ca2+ release blockade may be potentially beneficial for the treatment of PH.
Ion sieving by a two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx alginate lamellar membrane with stable interlayer spacing
Authors: Wang Jin , Zhang Zhijie , Zhu Jiani , Tian Mengtao , Zheng Shuchang , Wang Fudi , Wang Xudong , Wang Lei
Published: July 2020

Two-dimensional membranes attract extensive interest due to the anomalous transport phenomena; however, the ion separation performance is below the theoretical prediction. The stabilization of d-spacing is a key step for enhancing ion selectivity. Here, we demonstrate a strategy for stabilizing the Ti3C2Tx laminar architecture by alginate hydrogel pillars. After pillared by Ca-alginate, the nanochannel diameters are effectively fixed at 7.4 ± 0.2 Å, and the membrane presents a permeation cutoff and an outstanding sieving property towards valent cations. When applied for acid recovery, the outstanding H+/Fe2+ selectivity makes the membrane a promising substitution for traditional ion-exchange membranes. Moreover, the ultrathin Mn-alginate pillared membrane with identical d-spacing exhibits 100% Na2SO4 rejection with high water permeance, which is superior to the state-of-the-art nanofiltration membranes. Building on these findings, we demonstrate an efficient method to tune the ion selectivity and introduce a new perspective for energy- and environment-related applications.
Author Correction: Adaptive prospective optical gating enables day-long 3D time-lapse imaging of the beating embryonic zebrafish heart
Authors: Taylor Jonathan M. , Nelson Carl J. , Bruton Finnius A. , Kaveh Aryan , Buckley Charlotte , Tucker Carl S. , Rossi Adriano G. , Mullins John J. , Denvir Martin A.
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
The TLR9 ligand CpG ODN 2006 is a poor adjuvant for the induction of de novo CD8+ T-cell responses in vitro
Authors: Papagno Laura , Kuse Nozomi , Lissina Anna , Gostick Emma , Price David A. , Appay Victor , Nicoli Francesco
Published: July 2020

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists have gained traction in recent years as potential adjuvants for the induction of adaptive immune responses. It has nonetheless remained unclear to what extent such ligands can facilitate the priming events that generate antigen-specific effector and/or memory CD8+ T-cell populations. We used an established in vitro model to prime naive precursors from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of various adjuvants, including CpG ODN 2006, a synthetic oligonucleotide TLR9 ligand (TLR9L). Unexpectedly, we found that TLR9L induced a suboptimal inflammatory milieu and promoted the antigen-driven expansion and functional maturation of naive CD8+ T cells ineffectively compared with either ssRNA40 or 2′3′-cGAMP, which activate other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). TLR9L also inhibited the priming efficacy of 2′3′-cGAMP. Collectively, these results suggest that TLR9L is unlikely to be a good candidate for the optimal induction of de novo CD8+ T-cell responses, in contrast to adjuvants that operate via discrete PRRs.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Suppressor capacity of copper nanoparticles biosynthesized using Crocus sativus L. leaf aqueous extract on methadone-induced cell death in adrenal phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cell line
Authors: Zhang Peng , Cui Jian , Mansooridara Shirin , Kalantari Atoosa Shahriyari , Zangeneh Akram , Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Sadeghian Nastaran , Taslimi Parham , Bayat Ramazan , Şen Fatih
Published: July 2020

In this research, we prepared and formulated a neuroprotective supplement (copper nanoparticles in aqueous medium utilizingCrocus sativusL. Leaf aqueous extract) for determining its potential against methadone-induced cell death in PC12. The results of chemical characterization tests i.e., FE-SEM, FT-IR, XRD, EDX, TEM, and UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed that the study showed that copper nanoparticles were synthesized in the perfect way possible. In the TEM and FE-SEM images, the copper nanoparticles were in the mean size of 27.5 nm with the spherical shape. In the biological part of the present research, the Rat inflammatory cytokine assay kit was used to measure the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) test was used to show DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. Caspase-3 activity was assessed by the caspase activity colorimetric assay kit and mitochondrial membrane potential was studied by Rhodamine123 fluorescence dye. Also, the cell viability of PC12 was measured by trypan blue assay. Copper nanoparticles-treated cell cutlers significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased the inflammatory cytokines concentrations, caspase-3 activity, and DNA fragmentation and they raised the cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential in the high concentration of methadone-treated PC12 cells. The best result of neuroprotective properties was seen in the high dose of copper nanoparticles i.e., 4 µg. According to the above results, copper nanoparticles containingC. sativusleaf aqueous extract can be used in peripheral nervous system treatment as a neuroprotective promoter and central nervous system after approving in the clinical trial studies in humans.
The application of deep learning based diagnostic system to cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions recognition in colposcopy images
Authors: Yuan Chunnv , Yao Yeli , Cheng Bei , Cheng Yifan , Li Ying , Li Yang , Liu Xuechen , Cheng Xiaodong , Xie Xing , Wu Jian , Wang Xinyu , Lu Weiguo
Published: July 2020

Background Deep learning has presented considerable potential and is gaining more importance in computer assisted diagnosis. As the gold standard for pathologically diagnosing cervical intraepithelial lesions and invasive cervical cancer, colposcopy-guided biopsy faces challenges in improving accuracy and efficiency worldwide, especially in developing countries. To ease the heavy burden of cervical cancer screening, it is urgent to establish a scientific, accurate and efficient method for assisting diagnosis and biopsy. Methods The data were collected to establish three deep-learning-based models. For every case, one saline image, one acetic image, one iodine image and the corresponding clinical information, including age, the results of human papillomavirus testing and cytology, type of transformation zone, and pathologic diagnosis, were collected. The dataset was proportionally divided into three subsets including the training set, the test set and the validation set, at a ratio of 8:1:1. The validation set was used to evaluate model performance. After model establishment, an independent dataset of high-definition images was collected to further evaluate the model performance. In addition, the comparison of diagnostic accuracy between colposcopists and models weas performed. Results The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the classification model to differentiate negative cases from positive cases were 85.38%, 82.62% and 84.10% respectively, with an AUC of 0.93. The recall and DICE of the segmentation model to segment suspicious lesions in acetic images were 84.73% and 61.64%, with an average accuracy of 95.59%. Furthermore, 84.67% of high-grade lesions were detected by the acetic detection model. Compared to colposcopists, the diagnostic system performed better in ordinary colposcopy images but slightly unsatisfactory in high-definition images. Implications The deep learning-based diagnostic system could help assist colposcopy diagnosis and biopsy for HSILs.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of IBI301 versus rituximab in patients with CD20+ B-cell lymphoma: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled study
Authors: Jiang Bo , Ke Xiaoyan , Zhang Qingyuan , Xu Wei , Su Hang , Huang Jie , Zhang Mingzhi , Wang Huaqing , Jin Chuan , Zhu Jun , Liu Li , Cai Zhen , Zhao Xielan , Zhou Jianfeng , Zhang Xiaohong , Liu Jing , Zhou Hui , Yu Jie , Sun Xing , Qi Junyuan , Qiu Lugui
Published: July 2020

This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) of IBI301 with rituximab in patients with CD20-positive (CD20+) B-cell lymphoma, who achieved a complete response/unconfirmed complete response after standard treatments. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive IBI301 or rituximab (375 mg/m2, IV). Patients who continuously benefitted from the trial after the PK phase underwent the extension phase to receive up to three cycles of 3-month-cycle of rituximab/IBI301 maintenance therapy. PK was described using the area under the serum concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-inf), AUC from time zero to last quantifiable concentration (AUC0-t), and maximum serum concentration (Cmax). Pharmacodynamics (PD), incidence of adverse events and immunogenicity were evaluated. PK was defined equivalent, if 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for geometric mean ratios of PK endpoints fell within the margin of 0.8–1.25. Overall, 181 patients were enrolled in IBI301 (n = 89) and rituximab (n = 92) groups. Geometric mean ratios of AUC0-inf, AUC0-t, and Cmax were 0.91 (90% CI 0.85, 0.97), 0.91 (90% CI 0.86, 0.97), and 0.96 (90% CI 0.92, 1.01) between treatment groups, all within the bioequivalence range. Peripheral CD19+ and CD20+ B-cell counts were similar at each prespecified time point between the groups. No difference in immunogenicity was observed. The incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events (84.3% vs. 83.5%) and treatment-related AEs (56.2% vs. 61.5%) were comparable (IBI301 vs. rituximab). IBI301 was PK bioequivalent to rituximab in patients with CD20+ B-cell lymphoma. The PD, safety, and immunogenicity profiles of IBI301 were similar to those of rituximab.
Development of novel and green NiFe2O4/geopolymer nanocatalyst based on bentonite for synthesis of imidazole heterocycles by ultrasonic irradiations
Authors: Hajizadeh Zoleikha , Radinekiyan Fateme , Eivazzadeh-keihan Reza , Maleki Ali
Published: July 2020

Geopolymers as aluminosilicate inorganic polymers and eco-friendly building materials which can be used as substrate for different kinds of composite. In this research, according to the fabrication of geopolymer based on bentonite as a substrate and embedment of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles in the construction of this polymer, the synthesis of a new magnetic nanocomposite (NiFe2O4/geopolymer) was investigated for the first time. In order to describe its chemistry and morphology features, different analyses such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller adsorption–desorption isotherm, X-ray diffraction pattern, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating-sample magnetometer analysis were used. The application of this novel nanocatalyst was studied for one-pot three-component condensation reaction of substituted imidazole derivatives by accelerated ultrasonic irradiations. Compared to the other conventional catalysts which were used for the synthesis of imidazole derivatives, the green synthesis method for fabrication of this heterogeneous and magnetic nanocatalyst, its high thermal stability, being eco-friendly, noticeable efficiency and easy reusability have become privileges to be superior.
Author Correction: Hyaluronan abrogates imatinib-induced senescence in chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines
Authors: Lompardía Silvina , Díaz Mariángeles , Pibuel Matías , Papademetrio Daniela , Poodts Daniela , Mihalez Cintia , Álvarez Élida , Hajos Silvia
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Finite-key analysis for twin-field quantum key distribution with composable security
Authors: Yin Hua-Lei , Chen Zeng-Bing
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Induction of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) by non-enzymatic reagents targeting vitreous collagen liquefaction as well as vitreoretinal adhesion
Authors: Santra Mithun , Sharma Maryada , Katoch Deeksha , Jain Sahil , Saikia Uma Nahar , Dogra Mangat R. , Luthra-Guptasarma Manni
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Engineered Sn- and Mg-doped hematite photoanodes for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Cai Jiajia , Chen Hao , Liu Cunxing , Yin Shuaiqi , Li Haijin , Xu Liangcheng , Liu Hao , Xie Qian
Published: July 2020

The photocurrent reached 1.1 mA cm−2 for Sn/Mg co-doping which relieved the α-Fe2O3 lattice distortion and increased the doping concentration.
Electrochemical chiral amino acid biosensor based on dopamine-localized gold nanoparticles @ left-handed spiral chiral carbon nanotubes
Authors: Lu Haijun , Wang Zimeng , Fan Xinyu , Wang Haiyang , Zhang Qi , Fu Mingxuan , Ning Guyang , Zhang Yufan , Wang Huan
Published: July 2020

Preparation of dopamine-localized gold nanoparticles @ left-handed spiral chiral carbon nanotubes (HLCNT-AuNPs-2) and the chiral separation of tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp).
Field-based rational design of p300 histone acetyltransferase inhibitor and systematic evaluation as an anti-fibrotic agent
Authors: Hwang Soo-Yeon , Park Soo-Yeon , Hong Jung Yeon , Lee Soo Yeon , Shin Jae-Ho , Na Younghwa , Sohn Myung Hyun , Yoon Ho-Geun , Kwon Youngjoo
Published: July 2020

Using a field-based design approach, we systematically identified a novel potent p300 inhibitor,A6, with effective anti-fibrotic activity and favorable drug-like properties.
Teaching indicators to unravel the kinetic features of host–guest inclusion complexes
Authors: Prabodh Amrutha , Sinn Stephan , Grimm Laura , Miskolczy Zsombor , Megyesi Mónika , Biczók László , Bräse Stefan , Biedermann Frank
Published: July 2020

Three new, practically convenient methods are introduced for measuring kinetic parameters of supramolecular host–guest and protein–ligand complexes. Combined with thermodynamic data, this allows for an in-depth of the binding mechanism.
Combination of bioresponsive chelates and perfluorinated lipid nanoparticles enables in vivo MRI probe quantification
Authors: Gambino Giuseppe , Gambino Tanja , Angelovski Goran
Published: July 2020

We used lipid nanoparticles with a perfluorinated core as a platform for a responsive nanosized 1H MRI contrast agent to achieve the in vivo quantification of the probe by means of 19F MRI.
Disappearing disorder
Authors: Dittrich Birger , Sever Christoph , Lübben Jens
Published: July 2020

Disorder in crystal structures can disappear, depending on the circumstances, as shown by multi-temperature measurements, aspherical-atom refinement and computational analyses.
Co-crystallization of racemic amino acids with ZnCl2: an investigation of chiral selectivity upon coordination to the metal centre
Authors: Shemchuk Oleksii , Grepioni Fabrizia , Braga Dario
Published: July 2020

A preference for racemic vs. meso-crystal formation has been observed upon the cocrystallization of dl-amino acids with ZnCl2, as a result of homo vs. heterochiral competition.
Mechanistic studies of atomic layer deposition on oxidation catalysts – AlOx and POx deposition
Authors: Knemeyer Kristian , Piernavieja Hermida Mar , Ingale Piyush , Schmidt Johannes , Kröhnert Jutta , Naumann d’Alnoncourt Raoul , Driess Matthias , Rosowski Frank
Published: July 2020

Atomic layer deposition of phosphorus oxide on divanadium pentoxide powder undergoes controllable redox chemistry.
Nuclear spin-induced optical rotation of functional groups in hydrocarbons
Authors: Štěpánek Petr
Published: July 2020

Systematic correlation between molecular structure and nuclear spin-induced optical rotation is demonstrated in the case of hydrocarbon molecules.
A recombinant platform to characterize the role of transmembrane protein hTMEM205 in Pt(ii)-drug resistance and extrusion
Authors: Gallenito Marc J , Qasim Tahir S , Tutol Jasmine N , Prakash Ved , Dodani Sheel C , Meloni Gabriele
Published: July 2020

Platinum-coordination complexes are among the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs used in clinics for the treatment of cancer. Despite their efficacy, cancer cells can develop drug resistance leading to treatment failure and relapse. Cellular uptake and extrusion of Pt(ii)-complexes mediated by transmembrane proteins are critical in controlling the intracellular concentration of Pt(ii)-drugs and in developing pre-target resistance. TMEM205 is a human transmembrane protein (hTMEM205) overexpressed in cancer cells that are resistant to cisplatin, but its molecular function underlying – resistance remains elusive. We developed a low-cost and high-throughput recombinant expression platform coupled to in vivo functional resistance assays to study the molecular mechanism by which the orphan hTMEM205 protects against Pt(ii)-complex toxicity. Based on the original observation by the Rosenberg group, which led to the discovery of cisplatin, we performed quantitative analysis of the effects of Pt(ii)-coordination complexes on cellular growth and filamentation in E. coli cells expressing hTMEM205. By coupling our methods with Pt quantification and cellular profiling in control and hTMEM205-expressing cells, we demonstrate that hTMEM205 mediates Pt(ii)-drug export selectively towards cisplatin and oxaliplatin but not carboplatin. By mutation analysis, we reveal that hTMEM205 recognizes and allows Pt(ii)-extrusion by a putative sulfur-based translocation mechanism, thereby resulting in pre-target resistance. Thus, hTMEM205 represents a new potential target that can be exploited to reduce cellular resistance towards Pt(ii)-drugs.
Selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 over TiO2 supported metal sulfate catalysts prepared via a sol–gel protocol
Authors: Yu Yanke , Zhang Jiali , Chen Changwei , Ma Mudi , He Chi , Miao Jifa , Li Huirong , Chen Jinsheng
Published: July 2020

Metal sulfate catalysts exhibited high SO2 tolerance in the NH3-SCR reaction. The NH3-SCR reaction mechanism on metal sulfate catalysts should follow the Eley–Rideal mechanism.
Promising photovoltaic efficiency of a layered silicon oxide crystal Si3O
Authors: Kim Sejoong , Chae Kisung , Son Young-Woo
Published: July 2020

Computational searching and screening of new functional materials exploiting Earth abundant elements can accelerate the development of their energy applications.
Co-loading of finasteride and baicalin in phospholipid vesicles tailored for the treatment of hair disorders
Authors: Mir-Palomo Silvia , Nácher Amparo , Ofelia Vila-Busó M. A. , Caddeo Carla , Manca Maria Letizia , Saurí Amparo Ruiz , Escribano-Ferrer Elvira , Manconi Maria , Díez-Sales Octavio
Published: July 2020

A study of baicalin and/or finasteride nanovesicles for hair growth promotion.
Size-dependent electron transfer from atomically defined nanographenes to metal oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Han Peng , Yao Xuelin , Müllen Klaus , Narita Akimitsu , Bonn Mischa , Cánovas Enrique
Published: July 2020

We analyze for the first time size-dependent electron transfer from atomically precise nanographenes to a mesoporous oxide electrode.
The rapid production of multiple transition metal carbides via microwave combustion under ambient conditions
Authors: Jiang Huiyu , Li Junfeng , Xiao Zhiheng , Wang Bo , Fan Mingzhao , Xu Siqi , Wan Jun
Published: July 2020

Transition Metal Carbides (W2C, VC, Fe3C, NbC, TaC, Mo2C) are rapidly (∼2 mins) synthesized by utilizing microwave combustion under ambient condition. The work may open up new opportunities for the design and synthesis of transition metal carbides.
Influence of phenylpropanoid units of lignin and its oxidized derivatives on the stability and βO4 binding properties: DFT and QTAIM approach
Authors: Kramer Carlos Augusto Cabral , da Silva Amison Rick Lopes , de Carvalho Luciene Santos
Published: July 2020

The interference of the phenylpropanoid units (S, G and H) on the properties of the βO4 bond was investigated by the topological analysisviaQTAIM and the stability of the lignin and its oxidized structure were studied by the gap analysis
Substrate tolerance of the biosynthetic enzymes of glycosylated lanthipeptide NAI-112
Authors: Sheng Wangjian , Xu Bing , Chen Shaoming , Li Yuqing , Liu Bin , Wang Huan
Published: July 2020

NAI-112 is a glycosylated class III lanthipeptide produced by an Actinoplanes sp. strain with potent bioactivity against nociceptive pain.
Structural insight into the viscoelastic behaviour of elastomeric polyesters: effect of the nature of fatty acid side chains and the degree of unsaturation
Authors: Liu Xinhao , Jain Tanmay , Liu Qianhui , Joy Abraham
Published: July 2020

Increase in unsaturation of fatty acid side chains results in decrease of zero-shear viscosity, degree of entanglement and resilience of polyesters. Cis double bonds act as kinks that prevent molecular packing of polymer chains.
Pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular AIE hydrogel with white light emission for ultrasensitive detection and effective separation of multianalytes
Authors: Zhao Qi , Gong Guan-Fei , Yang Hai-Long , Zhang Qin-Peng , Yao Hong , Zhang You-Ming , Lin Qi , Qu Wen-Juan , Wei Tai-Bao
Published: July 2020

A novel pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular AIE hydrogel (PDG) with white light emission was constructed. The PDG could be used for ultrasensitive detection and effective separation of multianalytes, and as fluorescent display materials.
Grafted semiconducting polymer amphiphiles for multimodal optical imaging and combination phototherapy
Authors: Xie Chen , Zhou Wen , Zeng Ziling , Fan Quli , Pu Kanyi
Published: July 2020

This review summarizes the applications of grafted semiconducting polymer amphiphiles (SPAs) as multimodal optical nanoagents for cancer imaging and combination phototherapy.
Optimal design of a cascaded rectangular‐type and circle‐type multilevel inverters with a new switching technique
Authors: Muhammad Zaid Malik , Ro Jong‐Suk
Published: July 2020

Multilevel inverters (MLIs) are extensively used in industrial and renewable energy applications. They are a promising solution for the effective transformation of dc to ac. Researchers are developing auspicious topologies to mitigate the use of an output filter, which reduces cost and complexity. Hence, it is necessary to develop a topology that is capable of increasing output voltage levels with an optimum number of power electronic components. However, in developed topologies, a large number of switches, gate driver circuits, and dc sources are used. To solve this problem, a new MLI structure is introduced. The proposed structure is cascaded to form cascaded rectangular‐type and circle‐type topologies capable of engendering maximum output voltage levels and incorporating an optimum number of switches, gate driver circuits, and dc‐sources. Moreover, conventional switching techniques have become more complex, while generating a staircase output contains a large number of levels. Therefore, this study proposes a novel switching technique that is easy to implement in MLIs with large output voltage levels. To show the competency of the proposed topology, a comprehensive comparison is performed with various structures. At the end of this study, validation of the proposed switching technique and topology is verified by simulations and experimentations.
Antithrombotische Therapie bei akutem Koronarsyndrom und Vorhofflimmern
Authors: Darius Harald
Published: July 2020

The number of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasing due to the aging of the population. In addition, the number of patients with AF and an indication for oral anticoagulation (OAC) for the prevention of strokes increases, who are in need for a dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) plus a P2Y12-Inhibitor because of an acute coronary syndrome and/or coronary stent implantation. These patients did receive a triple therapy (TT) for 3–12 months in the past. Triple therapy never has been studied for efficacy or safety, however, the rate of bleeding complications in comparison to OAC or DAPT is significantly higher.

Registries and smaller trials showed that dual therapy with an OAC plus a single platelet inhibitor may be sufficient to prevent strokes and stent thromboses/myocardial infarctions. Four prospective randomized trials involving all four NOACs (Non-Vitamin K oral anticoagulants) approved for stroke prevention in AF have been undertaken. The NOACs plus one antiplatelet agent were tested versus vitamin K-antagonists plus DAPT. In the meantime, the trials involving rivaroxaban (PIONEER AF-PCI), dabigatran (RE-DUAL PCI), apixaban (AUGUSTUS), and edoxaban (ENTRUST-AF-PCI) have been published. The current status is that a NOAC plus a single antiplatelet agent, mostly clopidogrel, is superior to TT with respect to the bleeding complications, without any obvious and statistically significant disadvantage for stroke rates or cardiac ischemic events. The international guidelines already recommend to treat with a NOAC and one antiplatelet agent instead of TT in case the patients bleeding risk is prevailing. Thus, TT seems not to be indicated anymore for most patients with AF and ACS or PCI.
Die Rechtsfrage: Darf ich Patienten Medikamente reichen?
Authors: Bossow Karsten
Published: July 2020

Während eines Hausbesuchs klagt eine Patientin über Schwindel und Kopfschmerzen. Sie gibt an, die Symptome immer dann zu haben, wenn sie Bluthochdruck hat. Sie bittet ihren Therapeuten, ihr die entsprechenden Medikamente aus dem Schrank zu holen und zu reichen. Ein Medikamentenplan liegt nicht vor, und weder der Arzt noch Angehörige sind erreichbar. Wie verhält sich der Therapeut richtig?

Frage aus Artikel „Ethisches Dilemma“, Seite 68
Hilfe für den Trainingsplan – Fallbeispiele aus dem Athletiktraining
Authors: Kadlec Daniel , Gröeger David
Published: July 2020

Fallbeispiele aus der Sportreha, Grundlagen zum Athletiktraining und ein großer Übungspool samt Trainingsplänen – all das ist Teil des neuen Buches „Athletiktraining in der Sport-physiotherapie“ von den Sportwissenschaftlern David Groeger und Daniel Kadlec. Zwei Fall-beispiele daraus stellt physiopraxis als Kostprobe vor.
Isolation and Characterization of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors from Piper longum and Binding Mode Predictions
Authors: Khatami Zakie , Herdlinger Sonja , Sarkhail Parisa , Zehl Martin , Kaehlig Hanspeter , Schuster Daniela , Adhami Hamid-Reza
Published: July 2020

Restoration of cholinergic function is considered a rational approach to enhance cognitive performance. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are still the best therapeutic option for Alzheimerʼs disease. The fruits of Piper longum have been used in traditional medicines for the treatment of memory loss. It was demonstrated that the dichloromethane extract of these fruits is able to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the contained acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The active zones were presented via TLC-bioautography, and five compounds were isolated in the process of a bioassay-guided phytochemical investigation. Their structures were characterized as piperine, methyl piperate, guineenisine, pipercide, and pellitorine using spectroscopy and spectrometry methods (UV, IR, MS, 1H-, and 13C-NMR). In vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the isolates and their IC50 values were
determined via a colorimetric assay. Three of them exhibited enzyme inhibitory activities, with piperine being the most potent compound (IC50 of 0.3 mM). In order to investigate the binding mode of the tested compounds, docking studies were performed using the X-ray crystal structure of acetylcholinesterase from Tetronarce californica with the Protein Data Bank code 1EVE. The content of the active compounds in the extract was determined by a developed HPLC method. Piperine was present in the maximum quantity in the fruits (0.57%), whereas methyl piperate contained the minimum content (0.10%).
Effects of a Risk-Stratified Treatment in Patients with Chronic Back
Pain in Rehabilitation: Results of a Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Schmidt Christian , Bernert Sebastian , Sing Matthias , Fahrenkrog Sandra , Urbanski-Rini Dominika , Gottfried Thomas , Spyra Karla
Published: July 2020

Background and Aim The management of chronic low back pain is a
persisting challenge for multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation
(MBR). A promising approach to improve the effectiveness is better
individual tailoring of the therapeutic minutes to the impairment. We
designed a questionnaire-based algorithm to identify individual risk
profiles, which allows physicians and patients to decide upon the kind and
amount of suitable and adequate therapeutic components of MBR. Our aim was
to test whether the algorithm leads to a shift in the therapeutic components
depending on the impairment, which should significantly increase the
functional capacity of the rehabilitants 6 months after the end of
rehabilitation.

Methods Between January and November 2016, a controlled clinical trial
with a sequential arrangement of study groups and 3 measurement time points
(start of rehabilitation, end of rehabilitation and 6-month follow-up) was
conducted. The control group (CG) passed through the standard inpatient MBR.
In the intervention group (IG)the MBR components were matched to the
individual risk-profiles determined via a new algorithm. The shift of
therapeutic minutes is displayed via boxplots. The primary outcome was
statistically tested by applying an analysis of covariance. All secondary
outcomes are presented descriptively.

Results Of 169 patients in total, 85 were assigned to the CG and 84 to
the IG. Complete data concerning the primary outcome were available for 76
(89.4%) patients in the CG and 75 (89.3%) patients in the
IG. Compared to the CG, the boxplots for the IG show a better fit of
therapeutic minutes according to the impairments. For example, in the IG,
the mean value of psychological therapies was about 120 min if they were
impaired and 44.3 min if not. In contrast, impaired tested patients of the
CG shown mean values of those therapies of about 96.6 min and 50.6 min if
not. The baseline adjusted mean difference in functional capacity was
significantly (p=0.047) improved by 4.4 points (95% CI:
0.063–8.465) in favor of the IG. . Main limitation is lack of
randomization. In order to avoid inadequate therapy recommendations, the
physician had the decision-making authority over the therapies.

Conclusion The application of the developed algorithm for individual
adaptation of the MBR increases the effectiveness of rehabilitation in terms
of functional capacity.
Warum der rehabilitativen Versorgung auch und gerade während
der COVID-19 Pandemie besondere Beachtung geschenkt werden muss: Ein Statement
der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin
(DGPRM)
Authors: Gutenbrunner Christoph , Best Norman , Glaesener Jean Jacques , Lange Uwe , Lemhöfer Christina , Lichti Gabriele , Liebl Max Emanuel , Reißhauer Anett , Schwarzkopf Susanne , Steinmetz Anke , Sturm Christian , Weigl Martin , Winkelmann Andreas , Krischak Gert
Published: July 2020

Auch in Deutschland haben die Reaktionen auf die Pandemie mit dem
SARS-Coronavirus-2 zu erheblichen Einschnitten in fast allen
gesellschaftlichen Bereichen geführt und die Prioritäten der
Gesundheits- und Sozialpolitik dramatisch verschoben. Dies betrifft auch die
rehabilitative Versorgung in praktisch allen ihren Dimensionen. Das folgende
Statement der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Physikalische und
Rehabilitative Medizin (DGPRM) möchte einige Aspekte dieser
Entwicklungen aufzeigen und Empfehlungen ableiten.
Cascade Access to Carboline Carboxylates from Indolyl Ketoximes and Acrylates via Palladium-Catalyzed C–H Bond Alkenylation/Annulation
Authors: Xia Cheng-Cai , Ji Ya-Fei , Fu Xiao-Pan , Chen Lu , Wu Gao-Rong , Liu Hong-Wei
Published: July 2020

An efficient palladium-catalyzed C–H bond alkenylation/annulation strategy to access carboline carboxylates from indolyl ketoximes and acrylates through C–C/C–N bond formation is reported. Indolyl ketoximes not only direct ortho-olefination with acrylates, but also undergo an intramolecular N–O bond cleavage/traceless annulation to construct carboline carboxylates straightforwardly in this concise method.
Treatment Modalities in the Intensive Care Unit for Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Trikha Anjan , Singh Akhil Kant
Published: July 2020

The last Influenza pandemic of 1918 happened before the advent of modern medicine. We have come a long way since then. But the COVID-19 pandemic has still caught us unprepared on many fronts. The review focuses on the management of critically ill COVID-19 patients and the various treatment modalities being employed to counter this incompletely understood disease.
Atomic force microscopy techniques highlighted for solar fuels research
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: July 2020

Illuminated and operando atomic force microscopy techniques are addressed for their potential in photoelectrochemical devices and solar fuel research.
Advances position femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy for new solid-state research
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: July 2020

Long-range charge transport, mode-selective excitation and electron-phonon coupling in crystals are among the new insights this chemically-specific vibrational technique looks to yield.
Overcoming hurdles to organ-on-a-chip technology
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: July 2020

Organ-on-a-chip is an emerging technology with the potential to revolutionize various medical industries, but its real-world applications are hampered by challenges.
Magnetization reversal of (Sm, Ce)2(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)17 magnets as per soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism microscopy
Authors: Matsuura Yutaka , Maruyama Ryo , Kato Ryo , Tamura Ryuji , Ishigami Keisuke , Sumitani Kazushi , Kajiwara Kentaro , Nakamura Tetsuya
Published: July 2020

We investigated magnetization reversal of (Sm, Ce)2(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)17 magnets as per x-ray magnetic circular dichroism microscopy. Magnetization reversal initially occurs at the ferromagnetic grain boundaries or in the vicinity of nonmagnetic Sm oxides. As the demagnetization field increases after magnetization reversal, the reversal region extends into the grain from these areas by the magnetic domain wall motion. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis using an electron probe micro-analyzer shows that, at the grain boundaries, the Fe concentration is higher and the Cu concentration is lower compared to that inside of the grains; and concentrations of Sm, Co, Fe, and Cu vary in the vicinity of Sm oxides. By measuring the Co L3 absorption intensity, we verified that local coercivities in these areas are very low compared to those inside of the grain. These results imply that the magnetization reversal that occurs in these areas is induced by the variation in the composition. The results obtained in our research will be useful for improving the magnetic properties of Sm–Co magnets.
Theoretical and experimental investigations of vertical hole transport through unipolar AlGaN structures: Impacts of random alloy disorder
Authors: Qwah K. S. , Monavarian M. , Lheureux G. , Wang J. , Wu Y.-R. , Speck J. S.
Published: July 2020

We report on the vertical hole transport through unipolar unintentionally doped (UID) and p-type doped AlGaN heterostructures to evaluate the effectiveness of the UID and doped AlGaN as barriers to the hole transport. Band diagram and current density–voltage (J–V) simulations are conducted in one-dimensional and three-dimensional schemes, with the latter including compositional fluctuations within the alloy AlGaN barrier layer. The simulation results using a self-consistent Poisson-drift diffusion scheme, incorporating the Localization Landscape theory, indicate a large asymmetric barrier to the hole transport by UID AlGaN. The asymmetric J–V characteristics are attributed to the asymmetric band diagrams calculated for the unipolar structure. The simulation results are verified by experiments using unipolar vertical hole transport structures enabled by n-to-p tunnel junctions (TJs) grown by ammonia molecular-beam epitaxy. The TJ structures are utilized to minimize the issues with the high spreading resistance of p-regions and to eliminate the need for its dry etching, which normally results in degraded p-contacts. The experimental results show that even a thin UID AlxGa1−xN (x = 14%, 13 nm) introduces an asymmetric barrier to the hole transport; a nearly 100% increase in the voltage drop induced by a thin UID AlGaN at 50 A/cm2 in the reverse direction is observed compared to an only 25% corresponding increase in the forward direction. Furthermore, p-type doping of the AlGaN layer results in a drastic drop in the potential barrier to hole transport in both directions. The results are beneficial for understanding the behavior of various structure designs within optoelectronics and power electronics.