bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the prevalence of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases among employees of the North-Eastern Federal University
Authors: Popova Elena K. , Ivanova Sargylana M. , Savvina Nadezhda V. , Arkhipova Natalya S. , Popov Ivan O. , Ascarova Zhanna V. , Sinambel Yani W. , Avvakumova Nadezhda V. , Chibyeva Lyudmila G.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. According to WHO experts, chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) is the leading worldwide medical and social problem. In recent decades, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) population showed changes in nutrition habits, physical activity reduction. It increased the spread of modified chronic NCD’s risk factors. Material and methods. The authors performed a one-stage study of modified risk factors and frequency analysis of chronic NCD in the North-Eastern Federal University (NEFU) employees who had medical check-ups in 2017 (n = 800): men (n = 260), women (n = 540). The attendees’ age varied from 30 to 54 years. Abdominal obesity (AO) was diagnosed by two criteria: men’s waist ≥ 90 cm and women’s waist ≥ 80 for Asia residents (IDF1); men’s waist ≥ 94 cm and women’s waist ≥ 80 for European residents (IDF2) (IDF, 2006). Results. This analysis of the study group of NEFU employees showed the median level of SYS and DYS, glucose in serum, and the waist index in both groups, regardless of gender, to be within reference values. The most frequent risk factors of chronic NCD were hypercholesterolemia and abdominal obesity (p = 0.000). A spread of hypercholesterolemia was 16.8%, in men (23.5%) more frequently than in women (13. Every fourth woman and every third man had AO according to IDF criteria compared to attendees without AO (p = 0.000). Conclusion. A significant positive correlation between AO and age, SYS, DYS, cholesterol and glucose in serum was identified.
The influence of anilinopyrimidine and carbamate derivatives on the rat redox status
Authors: Rakitskii Valerii N. , Masaltsev Gleb V. , Veshchemova Tatiana E. , Chhvirkija Elena G. , Lokhin Konstantin B.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Oxidative stress can occur as the response to the toxic effects of pesticides. A study of the effect of two generic pesticides on the enzymes of the antioxidant defense system of warm-blooded animals was carried out within the framework of chronic food exposure. Material and Methods. 90 conventional male rats were kept in the vivarium of the Federal scientific center of hygiene named after F.F. Erisman for a year. Test objects including fungicide of the anilinopyrimidines class (compound A) and insecticide from of the carbamates class (compound B) were introduced into animal feed at doses of 0; 2; 20; 120 and 240 mg/kg body weight and 0; 2.5; 5 and 20 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Doses corresponded to the ranges found in the reports by the Joint Meeting of the FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues for the original compounds in chronic toxicity studies. The effect of the studied compounds on the general antioxidant status (the activity of enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPO), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT)) was assessed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results. The test objects caused statistically significant changes in enzyme activity as early as at 3 months of the treatment, compared with animals of the concurrent negative control. For the compound A: a statistically significant dose-dependent increase in the activity of GR (Rho = 0.381, p = 0.017) and GAP (Rho = 0.355, p = 0.024), but not SOD and CAT, was recorded at 12 months. The compound B caused a statistically significant dose-dependent increase in SOD activity at 9 and 12 months (Rho = 0.491, p = 0.006; Rho = 0.506, p = 0.003) Conclusion. These observations indicate that compounds A and B could promote lipid peroxidation. Oxidative burst was registered in response to the influence of the compound B, which may have been caused by apoptosis of T-lymphocytes.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU MASYARAKAT DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN COVID-19
Authors: Dewi Erika Untari
Published: February 2021

Corona virus adalah keluarga besar virus yang menyebabkan penyakit mulai dari gejala ringan sampai berat. Ada setidaknya dua jenis coronavirus yang diketahui menyebabkan penyakit yang dapat menimbulkan gejala berat seperti Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) dan Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) adalah penyakit jenis baru yang belum pernah diidentifikasi sebelumnya pada manusia. Virus penyebab COVID-19 ini dinamakan Sars-CoV-2. (Kemenkes, 2020). Pencegahan dan penanggulangan penyakit yang penting adalah dengan cara memutus rantai penularan, yaitu dengan menghentikan agen masuk ke pejamu dan pencegahan yang mengarah pada upaya penanggulangan faktor risiko penyakit, seperti perilaku yang merupakan akumulasi dari pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap kesehatan seseorang untuk terbebas dari penyakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku masyarakat dalam pencegahan penularan Covid-19. Desain yang digunakan pada penelitian ini deskriptif korelasi. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan variabel independen dan dependen. Populasi dari Penelitian ini adalah masyarakat binaan Ners Stikes William Booth. Sampel yang digunakan 70 orang dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Pengambilan data dengan kuisioner. Data diperoleh dari hasil kuisoner, data yang terkumpul ditabulasi dengan tabel dan dikonfirmasikan dalam bentuk tabel. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan hasil dari empat faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan penularan Covid-19 yakni factor usia, tingkat Pendidikan, pekerjaan, sosial ekonomi dan tingkat pengetahuan, ternyata faktor tingkat pengetahuan yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan penularan Covid-19. Berdasarakan hasil penelitian ini sehingga untuk meningkatkan perilaku pencegahan penularan Covid-19 diperlukan Pendidikan kesehatan kepada masyarakat secara terus-menerus dan berkesinambungan.
Some Aspects Of Professional Training Of Forensic Experts For Internal Affairs Bodies
Authors: Yugay Lyudmila
Published: February 2021

This article is devoted to the issues of introduction of new approaches to training, retraining and advanced training of personnel for the forensic expertise departments of the internal affairs bodies. The normative legal acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan in training, retraining and advanced training of forensic experts are considered. The author analyzes the foreign experience and formulates proposals for improving the training of expert personnel for internal affairs bodies.
Развитие системы международных стандартов и законодательных основ зарубежных стран в сфере защиты лиц, сообщающих о коррупционных правонарушениях
Authors: Расулев Абдулазиз , Баходир Баходир
Published: February 2021

Участники правонарушений зачастую обоюдно не заинтересованы в том, чтобы информация об их взаимодействии стала известна третьим лицам в значительной части случаев недобросовестное поведение так и остается скрытым, а окружающие могут лишь наблюдать его неблагоприятные последствия. В целях обеспечения эффективной защиты информаторов 16 декабря 2019 года вступила в силу Директива 2019/1937/ЕС Европейского парламента и Совета от 26 ноября 2019 года о защите лиц, сообщающих о нарушениях законодательства Союза нпаравленная на реализацию целенаправленных мер, побуждающих людей сообщать о соответствующих фактах и обеспечивающих им эффективную защиту.
Опыт зарубежных стран по предотвращению конфликта интересов на государственной службе
Authors: Исмаилов Баходир , Мансурова Санобар
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматривается проблема предупреждения конфликта интересов как ключевой проблемы функционирования государственной службы. Осуществлен детальный анализ норм и положений нормативно-правовых актов европейских стран в сфере государственной службы, конфликта интересов, декларирования доходов и интересов.

Исследованы вопросы соблюдения этических стандартов профессионального поведения на государственной службе. Рассмотрены правовые и институциональные аспекты выявления и расследования конфликтов интересов. Особое внимание обращено установленным законодательством европейских стран дисциплинарным, административным наказаниям, а также нормам уголовных систем европейских стран, предусматривающим уголовное наказание за преступления коррупционной направленности.

На основе анализа передового зарубежного опыта выработаны предложения по законодательному регламентированию порядка предупреждения конфликта интересов как метод предотвращения у должностных лиц и государственных служащих корыстного стремления злоупотребления властью с нарушением норм профессиональной этики и дальнейшего повышения эффективности антикоррупционных реформ в Республике Узбекистан.
Peculiarities of the clinical course of stroke in the vertebro-basillar system
Authors: Bahadirova Munisa , Mirdjuraev Elbek , Akilov Djahangir
Published: February 2021

The relevance of CVD (Cerebrovascular Diseases), in particular strokes, is due to the high prevalence, disability and mortality.
The degree of medical, social, psychological rehabilitation of patients after Ischemic Stroke depends on the regression of the clinical picture and cerebral disintegration.
Objectives of the study: detection of the entire spectrum of clinical manifestations from examined patients, corresponding to damage to the structures of the brain supplied by the vessels of the Vertebrobasilar basin, the relationship with regression of the primary focus and the subtype of Ischemic Stroke, and determination of the presence of a statistically significant dependence of clinical manifestations on COPD.
To achieve the goal and solve the set tasks, 126 patients, 60 men and 66 women were examined in the recovery period of stroke in the in the vertebro-basillar system, at the age of 50-80.  The Blindemark scale was used to assess the neurological status. To assess neuropsychological status, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Rankin scale were used, as well as for objectification of MRI data and Dopplerography.
Results of the study: In patients with Ischemic Stroke in the vertebro-basillar system, paresis and paralysis prevailed in the structure of clinical manifestations, 68 patients had them, which is 54%, 43.7% of patients had dysarthria, coordination disorders were observed in 48.4% of patients, 26.2% had vertigo, 24.6% had sensory impairments and 5.6% had neglect.
In patients with Ischemic Stroke in the vertebro-basillar system, a correlation was found between the scores of Renkin scale. Various pathogenetic subtypes of ischemic stroke in vertebro-basillar system were analyzed. They have a significant correlation between NIHSS scores at the time of hospitalization and at the end of rehabilitation. In patients with AT Ischemic Stroke in the vertebro-basillar system the incidence of oculomotor disorders is significantly lower. Based on the above mentioned, the following conclusions can be drawn:
1. A certain localization of the focus of ischemic stroke in the vertebra-basilar system is more likely to be characteristic of the corresponding stroke subtype.
2. The rate of reduction and reorganization of the focus does not depend on the stroke subtype, localization of the hearth, comorbidphone, rehabilitation methods and is proportional to the initial size of the heart attack site.
3. The degree of severity of COPD has a correlation with the blood flow indices of posterior cerebral arteries and vertebral arteries, as well as the asymmetry coefficient.
PENENTUAN PENGUNGKAPAN SUSTAINABILITY REPORT DENGAN GRI STANDAR PADA SEKTOR NON KEUANGAN
Authors: Aditya Maria , Sinaga Imelda
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study is to look at the effect of good corporate governance (audit committee, board of commissioners) and financial performance (profitability, activity) on disclosure of sustainability reports.  The measurement index used as a reference for the sustainability report in this study is the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) G4 and GRI Standars.  The population in this study is non-financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2018.  The sample companies in this study were selected based on a purposive sampling method with several criteria to obtain 12 sample companies.  After the data are collected, data analysis is done using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of the SPSS program.  Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that the profitability variable has a negative effect on the disclosure of sustainability report. While the audit committee variable, board of commissioners, and company activities did not affect the disclosure of sustainability report.

 

Abstrak:

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh good corporate governance (komite audit, dewan komisaris)  dan kinerja keuangan (profitabilitas, aktivitas) terhadap pengungkapan sustainability report.Indeks pengukuran yang digunakan sebagai acuan sustainability report pada penelitian ini adalah Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) G4 dan GRI Standars.  Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor non keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2015-2018.  Perusahaan yang dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan beberapa kriteria sehingga diperoleh 12 perusahaan sampel.  Analisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan program SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, menunjukkan bahwa variabel profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif terhadap pengungkapan sustainability report.  Sedangkan variabel komite audit, dewan komisaris, dan aktivitas perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan sustainability report.
PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA BERKONSEP SMART TOURISM MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN KOMPETENSI MASYARAKAT DESA PUJORAHAYU
Authors: Helmita Helmita , Sari Oktavia Nila , Julianti Niluh Tiara , Dwinata Julpan
Published: February 2021

Changes in technology make tourists more intelligent, aware and technology literate on the tourism sector, making competition very fierce so that it requires new breakthroughs to survive.  This research is a qualitative research with descriptive methods.  The aim of this research is to determine the development of a tourism village by using the concept of smart tourism through the empowerment of the Pujo Rahayu village community. The data was obtained through literature review from various journal articles and questionnaires, as a comparison material.  The sample used is local people, tourism awareness groups and tourists as many as 98 people, by using a purposive technique.  The analysis used includes data validity test, reliability test, normality test, linearity test, homogeneity test, multiple regression analysis, multicollinearity, heteroscedacity test, autocorrelation test, t test, and F test.  The results of the research show that the development of tourism village by using smart tourism concept through the empowerment of community competence is a solution for the development of a village.  In addition, the application of the concept of smart tourism creates a good tourism experience, community welfare, increases effectiveness - competitiveness - of business goals and leads to overall competitive sustainability.

 

Abstrak:

Perubahan teknologi membuat wisatawan semakin cerdas, sadar dan melek teknologi, dari bidang pariwisata membuat persaingan yang sangat ketat sehingga memerlukan terobosan baru guna bertahan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengembangan desa wisata berkonsep smart tourism melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat desa Pujo Rahayu, data diperoleh melalui melalui kajian literatur dari berbagai artikel jurnal, kuesioner, sebagai bahan perbandingan. Sampel yang digunakan adalah masyarakat lokal, kelompok sadar wisata, wisatawan sebanyak 98 orang dengan teknik purposive. Analisis yang digunakan meliputi uji validitas data, uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas, uji liniearitas, uji homogenitas, analisis regresi berganda, multikolinieritas, uji heteroskadasitas, uji otokorelasi, uji t, dan uji F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan desa wisata berkonsep smart tourism melalui pengembangan kompetensi masyarakat merupakah solusi bagi perkembangan sebuah desa. Selain itu pengaplikasian konsep smart tourism membuat sebuah pengalaman wisata yang baik, kesejahteraan masyarakat, meningkatkan efektifitas – daya saing – tujuan bisnis serta mengarah pada keberlanjutan yang kompetitif secara keseluruhan.
INFLUENCE AND CONTRIBUTION OF CHINA IN SOUTH ASIA
Authors: Sahibzada Muhammad Usman
Published: February 2021

This paper mainly examines the influence and contribution of China in South Asia. After the declaration of the ‘Belt Road Initiative’ (BRI), China has driven the strong advancement of infrastructure programmes in the countries of South Asia. Despite China have made a successful condition all through the Indian Ocean Region, pragmatist researchers contend that Beijing's goals are to use this infrastructure to make abroad bases; compromise the influence of India, and expand Chinese influence by challenging the order of the region. At the point when seen in a moderate way, the activity makes open doors for infrastructure advancements, supports multilateral development, and address the disappointment that current worldwide and local organizations might not be able to survive. By choosing perspective to see China's aims, the influences in South Asia can evaluate how to tackle these projects and either support or challenge China.
CORRELATION BETWEEN RELIGIOUS MOTIVES AND THE PERSONAL WISH OR FAMILY PRESSURE AS REASON OF VEILING AMONG MALAYSIAN MUSLIM UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Naima Tabassum  , Afzal Tabassum , Hadi Abdul
Published: February 2021

This paper is part of the broader research to investigate Malaysian university student’s veiling pattern and their motives to adopt and using veiling. This paper particularly focuses on relationship between religious motives and the personal wish or family pressure as the reason of using veiling articles among Malaysian Muslim University students. The data were collected through survey method with the help of a closed ended questionnaire from 335 female (Muslim and non-Muslim) university students of University Malaysia Perlis. After processing of Data 255 cases of veiling Muslim university students were included in this research paper. The research tool for this research study comprises of three broader main scales to assess the practice of veiling due to religious motives, personal wish, and family pressure among these students. The data were analyzed to identify the relationship between religious motives behind veiling and the choice made by the student’s personal wish for veiling or due to their family pressure to veil by applying Pearson correlation. The results show a statistically significant positive relationship between religious motives and the personal wish of veiling among Malaysian Muslim university students.
PEACE PROCESS IN KOREAN PENINSULA: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Babar Summar Iqbal Babar , Sandano Imran Ali , Syed Syed Fraz Hussain Naqvi
Published: February 2021

The peace process in the Korean Peninsula is one of the pivotal issues for international security. The burgeoning nuclear programme of North Korea, relief in sanctions and the presence of US forces are the daunting challenges for the peace and strategic stability in the Korean Peninsula. For that purpose, different measures, ranging from diplomatic efforts to global sanctions, have been taken. The reinitiating of the peace process in 2017, which involved the intra-Korean negotiations and Trump-Kim Summits have given a positive yet fragile signal. However, the peace process involves various steps, compromises, and flexibilities. For the peace process, the normalisation of relations between North Korea and the US is of colossal significance. The confidence-building measures need to be adopted by both sides. This paper aims at highlighting the issues and evaluating the possible outcomes of the peace process in the Korean Peninsula.
PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERPINNING AND PHENOMENOLOGY APPROACH IN SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
Authors: Buriro Ameer , Ednut Noraida , Khatoon Zohra
Published: February 2021

This paper is based on literature review discuss the philosophical underpinning like epistemology and ontological frameworks of theoretical and philosophical perspectives. These are usually known and referred as paradigm in the field of research, that we simply identify them as a worldview or a set of assumptions about how things work. Paradigms are comprehensive framework of the beliefs, experiences and beliefs of numerous theories and research practices, which are extensively used in the research process. Basic questions like epistemology tries to answer that what is true or what does distinguish the authentic knowledge from the false and (inadequate) knowledge. This gives birth to basic questions that what is truth, and what counts the knowledge? What is the relationship amongst researcher and what is the already known? How do we come to know? Whereas ontology is oriented the nature of social realism and the things which exist, such as settings of their reality of relationships amongst the objects. The paper argues that phenomenological approach or strategy of inquiry is one of the best approaches in the qualitative research study.
BATTLE FOR SUPERMACY IN ASIA PACIFIC
Authors: Noonari Majid Ali , Muhammad Sadiq  , Muhammad Naveed Qaisar
Published: February 2021

Asia Pacific region is one of the prominent region for the global powers due to its strategic importance as the major trading routes. Japan, India, Australia, China, and South Korea and ASEAN holds the prominent position in the region. The researchers in the article discussed about the competition between the Washington and its allies with the growing power/influence of Beijing in the region. Beijing’s influence not only confined to the east of Asia but it stretched further in west under the BRI and CPEC projects as well as also with recent agreement with Tehran. The researchers have discussed the importance of China in the region as a major competitor and a balancer to the Washington power. The region is now one of the major centres of the battle for supremacy between the two major competitors Washington and Beijing. The researchers have discussed the policies carried by both the power centres in the region to gain the superiority in the region.
Protocolo de atención a niños y adolescentes con cardiopatía congénita en odontopediatría. Revision bibliográfica
Authors: Cortes-Ramírez Juan Manuel , Ayala-Escandón Carmen de la Luz , Cortes de la Torre Juan Manuel de Jesús , Cortes de la Torre Raúl Arturo , Salazar Laura Otilia , Salazar de Santiago Alfredo , Luna Pacheco Celia Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

Introducción. Las cardiopatías congénitas son las malformaciones más habituales en el desarrollo de los niños los cuales, además, son susceptibles a desarrollar infecciones sistémicas microbianas secundarias a infecciones locales polimicrobianas como consecuencia de procedimientos dentales invasivos o toman fármacos, por ejemplo anti-coagulantes, antiarrítmicos, u otros, que pueden interferir con el manejo odontológico. Objetivo. Proponer un protocolo de manejo odontológico que permita detectar las cardiopatías congénitas o ya identificadas tener un abordaje dental que disminuya el riesgo de sepsis o endocarditis para el paciente pediátrico. Método. Revisión de la literatura a través de artículos indexados en Cochrane, Medline, Lilacs, EMBASE, Amedeo y SciELO, enfatizando los últimos cinco años, en los idiomas: francés, italiano, portugués, inglés y español. Resultados. Se presenta un protocolo odonde abordaje odontológico que disminuya los factores de riesgo ante la presencia de cardiopatías congénitas. Conclusión. Ya que existe una au-sencia de información sobre la relación de las cardiopatías congénitas y la odontología infantil, por ello la importancia de contar con un protocolo para el tratamiento de pacientes pediátricos mejorando su atención, pronóstico, calidad de vida y disminuyendo los factores de riesgo ante procedimientos dentales invasivos.
Promoting inclusive urban economies in a world of changing technology and patterns of trade
Authors: Glen Robbins
Published: February 2021

This paper is a shortened version of a ‘think-piece’ prepared as a contribution to the dialogue at the 2018 Kigali meeting of the Commonwealth Sustainable Cities Network. Its purpose is to highlight both challenges and emerging practices in mobilising local governments, and other stakeholders, including those in other spheres of government and the private sector, towards advancing the scale and scope of local economic development outcomes around critical dimensions of inclusion. The paper is not intended to be an exhaustive report covering all the aspects of contemporary local economic development approaches, but rather to offer selective insights that might contribute to deepening relevant policy and implementation processes in an increasingly urban world.
The Predictive Power of Concurrent Pulse Oximetry Readings in the Detection of Congenital Heart Defects in Newborns of the Hospital of Specialties of Children and Woman in Queretaro, Mexico
Authors: San Roman Orozco Oscar , Nkemdirim Wiliam , Gutierrez Alvarez Isidro , Saarinen Annamarie , Zanella Enzo , Muñoz Juan , Ledesma Patricia , Guzman L Alejandra , Perez Brenda
Published: February 2021

In Mexico, CHD incidence is estimated at 18,000-21,000 newborns per year, and at least 25% will have critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). The mortality rates showed that 24% of the infant deaths in 2013 were attributable to CCHDs. Despite these, the CCHD screening is not performed in all hospitals. The general objective is to show the statistical relationships, compared with existing evidence of the power of repeat screenings on detection of CCHD, to better inform government recommendations for universal screening in Mexico. Three thousand seven pulse oximetry readings were performed on newborns (the 5th of February - the 1st of July of 2019). We aimed to perform the first screen on the subjects between 5-48 hrs of life. Some required a repeat reading due to a failure in the first. Screenings occurred between 6-69 hrs, with a mean time of 22 hrs post-delivery. Secondary readings were performed on 160, of which 29 were also given echocardiograms because they failed the secondary test. The average measurement on the foot was 93.8% and on the right hand was 93.5%. In the 29 subjects with repeated readings, seven were positive for CCHD; two were false positives.

The data and analysis show promise in the association between early readings and the detection of potential CCHD. There is a correlation between the concerning readings and detection of CCHD through an echocardiogram. More data is needed to ascertain other relationships, but the results thus far imply low pulse oximetry readings associated with CCHDs and other secondary conditions associated with hypoxemia.
Una sociedad según el corazón de Dios
Authors: Artiga González Álvaro
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo introduce, a partir de las homilías de Mons. Romero en su primer año al frente de la arquidiócesis de San Salvador (1977), lo que podría denominarse la utopía sociopolítica de Mons. Romero, la cual queda condensada en la expresión “una sociedad según el corazón de Dios”, que sería una sociedad tranquila, en paz, hermosa, fraterna, bella paradisíaca. El punto de partida es la intuición de que hay —en las homilías pronunciadas por Mons. Romero durante sus tres años como arzobispo de San Salvador, en sus cartas pastorales, en su diario, en sus pronunciamientos, en sus editoriales, etcétera— una serie de expresiones e ideas que, tratadas de manera sistemática, pueden delinear la clase de sociedad que imaginaba para los salvadoreños. Una sociedad que, según él, Dios ofrecía a El Salvador como señal del carácter histórico de su salvación y en la que Mons. Romero cree y promueve como designio de Dios para los salvadoreños. Sin embargo, dicha sociedad solo sería posible si antes los salvadoreños entraban en un proceso de conversión hacia Dios. En las homilías de Mons. Romero, hay una serie de llamamientos a la conversión a diversos sectores y grupos sociales. Tal conversión debe entenderse en dos sentidos: un dejar de hacer lo que obstaculiza la llegada de esa sociedad (dejar de hacer lo que Dios rechaza) y un ponerse a hacer lo que hará realidad esa sociedad (hacer lo que Dios quiere). La conversión aparece así como una exigencia para salir de la espiral de violencia en que había caído el país. Mons. Romero era consciente de que la situación se deterioraba cada vez más y en ello había responsabilidad, por acción u omisión, de todos los salvadoreños. Por tanto, para revertir la tendencia al empeoramiento era necesario un cambio de actitudes y de comportamientos, un giro hacia Dios. Este giro tendría como resultado una transformación de las relaciones sociales. Una cuestión que sigue siendo vigente treinta y cinco años después de su martirio.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 70, No. 742, 2015: 321-342.
La religión en Centroamérica
Authors: Rodríguez Karla
Published: February 2021

En el presente trabajo, se analiza el tipo de liderazgo permitido a las mujeres en las comunidades de fe que formaron parte del estudio “El impacto de los movimientos pentecostales y carismáticos en la organización comunitaria local y en la participación política en Centroamérica”, con el fin de determinar si el estilo de participación que se fomenta al interior de estas permite que las mujeres realicen actividades empoderadoras o más bien sigan teniendo roles reproductivos. También se estudiará si las mujeres tienden a privilegiar el espacio privado de participación, al involucrarse menos que sus pares masculinos en otros espacios sociales reproduciendo de esta manera los roles tradicionales de género. Todo esto con el objetivo de constatar si la religión promueve el empoderamiento entre sus miembros femeninos o, más bien, contribuye a seguir perpetuando el patriarcado en la membresía de las comunidades estudiadas.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 70, No. 742, 2015: 355-390.
AI Chips: What They Are and Why They Matter
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Khan Saif , Mann Alexander
Published: February 2021

The success of modern AI techniques relies on computation on a scale unimaginable even a few years ago. What exactly are the AI chips powering the development and deployment of AI at scale and why are they essential? Saif M. Khan and Alexander Mann explain how these chips work, why they have proliferated, and why they matter.
A National Security Research Agenda for Cybersecurity and Artificial Intelligence
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Buchanan Ben
Published: February 2021

Machine learning advances are transforming cyber strategy and operations. This necessitates studying national security issues at the intersection of AI and cybersecurity, including offensive and defensive cyber operations, the cybersecurity of AI systems, and the effect of new technologies on global stability.
THE COVID PANDEMIC: RESPONSE OF THE RAJI REVITALIZATION PROGRAMMES
Authors: Rastogi Kavita
Published: February 2021

Raji is a little known tribal community that resides in twelve geographically scattered hamlets in the state of Uttarakhand, India. According to 2011 Census, their total population is 732. Their language belongs to Tibeto-Burman family. Since, last twenty years or so the author has been working with this group and trying to document, preserve and revitalize their language and culture. Language revitalization requires tackling problems on many fronts and its different approaches depend upon the unique local conditions of the speech community. The author is trying to develop a new revitalization model called 'South Asian Model of Language Revitalization'. This paper discusses the Response of the Raji Revitalization Program towards the present pandemic and sheds light upon the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Raji community and the status of their language.
MECHANISM ON THE ACQUISITION OF BALINESE LANGUAGE AS A MOTHER TONGUE IN THE MULTILINGUAL COMMUNITY OF DENPASAR
Authors: Suastra I Made , Laksminy Luh Putu , Rajeg Gede Primahadi Wijaya
Published: February 2021

This research focusses on the study of the acquisition of the Balinese language in the multilingual community in Denpasar. One of the most important aspects in biolinguistic diversity is the speakers’ acquisition of their own language (Chomsky, 1965; McNeill 1966 in Brown 2000; Fry, 1979) as well as the surrounding environment of the speakers such as the strategies of the parents in transmitting the language to their children (Romaine, 1999). The speakers in the environment strongly determine and directly influence the acquisition, mastery, and the use of language (Holmes, 2001). This research is conducted to investigate: 1) the mastery and the acquisition of the Balinese language of the parents and that of the children at the pre operation period (Piaget, 1972 in Brown 2000:61) or at the level of “adult like grammar” (Fry, 1979), 2) the strategies used by parents to transmit language to their children, 3) the language/s used by the children in the domains of family, friendship, and education. The study was conducted in four main areas; in the North, South, West, and East Denpasar (see Suastra et al, 2017). The subjects were children between the ages of 4 to 6 years and were in kindergartens. The application of a number of theories such as language acquisition (Chomsky, 1965; McNeill, 1966 in Brown 2000; Fry, 1979), strategies of parents in transmitting language (Romaine, 1999), and language used in domains (Fishman, 1972; Holmes, 2001) are important in the analysis. The correlation of mastery, acquisition, and language use of Balinese by the children produces a model of language use in the multilingual community in Denpasar.
KAJIAN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA LOOP THERMOSYPHON SEBAGAI ALAT RECOVERY PANAS TEMPERATUR RENDAH
Authors: Siagian Parulian , Siahaan Saloom Hilton , Siagian Lestina
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the Loop Thermosyphon Heat Exchanger (LTHE) fluidized R134a refrigerant at variations in working fluid pressure of 0.8MPa and 1.2MPa. Thermosyphon is made of three parts, namely, evaporator, condenser and adiabatic part. Evaporators are made of 3/4 inch diameter copper pipe with a length of 3.5 cm. The condenser is made of 3/4 inch diameter copper pipe with a length of 15 cm. The adiabatic part of the steam line is made of copper pipes with a diameter of 3/4 inches and a length of 25 cm and a liquid line with a diameter of 3/8 inches with a length of 27 cm. Things that were investigated included the effect of air flow velocity (heated fluid) of 0.8 m/s, 1m/s, and 1.2m/s on the effectiveness of LTHE and the effect of an increase in evaporator temperature by 400C, 500C, and 600C on the effectiveness of LTHE. The study was conducted experimentally where the LTHE evaporator was heated with a heater. The results of this study show that the effectiveness of LTHE heat transfer work pressure of 1.2 MPa pressure is about 30-68% and higher than the effectiveness of LTHE heat transfer work pressure of 0.8 MPa pressure about 22-35%. Effectiveness decreases with increasing airflow velocity. The LTHE thermal resistance of 0.8 MPa pressure is around 0.3-0.450C/ W and is greater than the LTHE thermal resistance of 1.2 MPa pressure around 0.08-0.40C /W.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI DENGAN METODE KOOPERATIF DI PRODI PEND. FISIKA FKIP UHN MEDAN
Authors: Surbakti Mariana , Panjaitan Poltak
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to 1) determine student learning outcomes through the Inquiry learning model on metabolic material, 2) know the learning activities of students who were taught with Inquiry learning models in Biology courses, 3) know the psychomotor attitudes of students who were taught with models cooperative learning on metabolic material. This research is an experimental research This research was conducted on physics study students at T.P. 2018/2019. The learning model used is inquiry model in the experimental class and conventional model in the control class.The results showed that: The results of the average value in the control class were: pretest = 45,517 and posttest = 61,896 The results of the average value in the experimental class are: pretest = 48.333 and post test = 80.833 Obtained data X = 80.83; S = 12.32; L hitung = 0.0937; L table = 0.161;then: L calculate <L table, then posttest data Experiment class is normally distributedFrom the results of the statistical calculation above t arithmetic = and t table = 2.003 so as to obtain the value of -2.003 <<2.003 then H0 is accepted, meaning that the initial ability of students in the experimental class is the same as the initial ability of students in the control class.From the results of the statistical calculation above t arithmetic = and t table = 1.6715 to obtain a value of t> t table ie> 1.6715 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted meaning there is a significant influence on the use of cooperative learning models on student learning outcomes. The coefficient of linear regression direction ( b) = 0.85 which is positive. This means that the learning outcomes of experimental class student increase due to the influence of the cooperative learning model used in the teaching and learning process in the class.
ANALISA KEBUTUHAN AIR BERSIH PADA DI KOTA BINJAI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Simanjuntak Salomo , Zai Eben Oktavianus , Sihombing Parto Oktavianus
Published: February 2021

Human life is very dependent on the fact of good quality air which is called clean water. Clean water is one type of water-based resource that is of good quality and is commonly used by humans for consumption or in carrying out their daily activities including sanitation. The most important thing is clean water is a basic human need that affects human health.

Binjai City is a city with a dense population of 283,362 people in 2020, including a small city with a usage of 100 liters / person / day. This requires an analysis of the need for clean water that can be used effectively, efficiently and sustainably. This analysis will require data: the total population obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the existing clean water capacity will be obtained from PDAM Tirtasari as well as literature studies or direct links to related parties regarding the existence of clean water in the city of Binjai.

The need for clean water is divided into domestic water needs and non-domestic water needs in which there are social, commercial, industrial, and government agency needs. This need will be projected until 2025 so that Binjai city needs to build a new water treatment plant.
Analisis Keterampilan Menceritakan Kembali Teks Ulasang dengan Kolaborasi Metode Flipped Classroom dam Aplikasi Shoology
Authors: Rosyida Fathia , Kristiana Yayang , Hasanudin Cahyo
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to investigate the structure of reviewed text that was retold by the students in class VIII C of SMP N 1 Cepu, Blora, Indonesia. The teaching and learning process used the flipped classroom method by using schoology apps. This study was qualitative research with case study approach and the total subjects were 28 students. From the total subjects, four students was chosen to be interviewed with a reason that the reviewed texts were in line with the indicators. Technique in collecting the data used observation, test, interview, and documentation. The data was validated by using triangulations of source and method. Technique in analysing the data used content analysis method that was started from 1) data reduction, 2) data presentation, 3) drawing conclusion and verification. The results of study showed that the structure of reviewed text that was retold by the students had been well referred to the Kosasih thery about the structure of reviewed text. The conclusion of the study was the flipped classroom method by using schoology aps was very appropriate to be implemented in the teaching and learning process. This method trained the students to think creatively and independently, they were able to understand the materials given by using schoology apps.
Korelasi Antara Metode Bermain Peran dengan Keterampilan Berbicara Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Oktaviyanti Itsna
Published: February 2021

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah kurangnya keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas III di SDN 46 Mataram yang mengakibatkan kurangnya interaksi antara guru dan siswa didalam kelas. Hal tersebut dikarenakan sikap siswa yang masih pasif dan memiliki keterampilan berbicara yang kurang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara penerapan metode bermain peran terhadap keterampilan berbicara siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasi deskriptif, adapun populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas III SDN 46 Mataram dan sampel yaitu siswa kelas III SDN 46 Mataram yang berjumlah 30 orang. Untuk penentuan sampel digunakan Teknik nonprobablity sampling yaitu sampel jenuh. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dengan metode observasi, angket, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan baik menggunakan metode bermain peran, selain itu siswa lebih antusias dengan menunjukkan keaktifan dalam berbicara, percaya diri untuk maju ke depan dan tidak malu untuk bertanya kepada guru. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu rumus product moment korelasi. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan menggunakan SPSS 16.0, didapatkan hasil penelitian bahwa terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara penerapan metode bermain peran dengan keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas III SDN 46 Mataram tahun pelajaran 2019/2020, yakni nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,002 yang berarti < 0,05 dan juga memiliki tingkat korelasi 0,613 berada pada kategori kuat
Prinsip dan Langkah-Langkah Penerapan Focus Group Discussion untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara dan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa
Authors: Hadi Marham Jupri , Junaidi Muh.
Published: February 2021

Keterampilan berbicara merupakan satu dari empat keterampilan berbahasa yang perlu dimiliki oleh setiap individu agar mereka berhasil dalam mengkomunikasikan pemikirannya kepada orang lain secara efektif. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian Design Based Ressearch (DBR), penelitian ini mendeskripsikan prinsip-prinsip dan langkah-langkah memodifikasi Focus Group Discussion (FGD) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara dan berpikir kritis mahasiswa . Penelitian melibatkan 5-9 partisipan yang terdiri dosen dan mahasiswa dimana pengambilan data dilakukan dalam empat siklus melalui pengamatan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi catatan refleksi diri peserta. Prinsip-prinsip sekaligus langkah-langkah implementasi FGD untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara dan berpikir krtis mahasiswa yakni:(1) pengenalan dan simulasi FGD, (2) penentuan kelompok dan penyiapan topik FGD, (3) penggalian informasi dan peningkatan kosakata melalui kegiatan membaca, (4) praktik FGD, (5) refleksi dan pemberian masukan, 6) membuat catatan FGD, dan 7) presentasi lisan. Prinsip-prinsip implementasi tersebut bisa dimodifikasi sesuai dengan kondisi di masing-masing konteks pembelajaran.
Integrasi Pendidikan Mitigasi Bencana Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Suku Sasak dalam Teks Prosedur pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia kelas XI SMA
Authors: Muslim Bukhori , Makmun Sukran
Published: February 2021

Pendidikan mitigasi bencana dipandang penting untuk diterapkan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia melalui pembelajaran teks. Oleh sebab itu, tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk kearifan lokal Suku Sasak yang dapat diintegrasikan sebagai pendidikan mitigasi bencana berbasis kearifan lokal Suku Sasak dan untuk menjelaskan bentuk pengintegrasian pendidikan mitigasi bencana dalam pembelajaran teks prosedur pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni kualitatif deskriptif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, observasi dan telaah pustaka mengenai budaya dan tradisi orang Sasak. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini yaitu terdapat 10 bentuk kearifan lokal suku Sasak yang dapat dijadikan mitigasi bencana dan memiliki unsur pembentukan teks prosedur. Selanjutnya, bentuk pengintegrasian pendidikan mitigasi bencana berbasis kearifan Lokal Suku Sasak dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia kelas XI SMA dengan cara menjadikannya sebagai bahan literasi. Adapun kriteria  pendukung kearifan lokal Suku Sasak dapat dijadikan literasi mitigasi bencana yaitu 1) Kearifan lokal suku Sasak diwariskan secara turun temurun dari lisan ke lisan. 2) Pengembangan literasi baca tulis mitigasi bencana berbasis kearifan lokal Suku Sasak memiliki prinsip responsif dan adaftif. 3) Struktur kearifan lokal Suku Sasak berbasis mitigasi bencana memiliki relevansi dengan struktur dalam teks prosedur, dan 4) Kearifan lokal suku Sasak mengandung nilai-nilai pendidikan mitigasi bencana. Masyarakat  Suku Sasak di Lombok memiliki kearifan lokal yang mampu menciptakan harmonisasi antara satu makhluk dengan makhluk yang lain.
The Effectiveness of WeCWI-Enabled Web-based Instructional Tool to Improve Writing Performance and Critical Thinking Level among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Yih Mah Boon , Rahim Suzana Ab. , Marimuthu Rasaya , Chone Liaw Shun
Published: February 2021

The complexity of the writing skill, low literacy skills, interlanguage errors, low language proficiency, lack of critical thinking, poor information literacy and second language (L2) writing anxiety, which is supported by the two-semester course performance analysis, result in the poor writing skill among one of the Malaysian universities' undergraduates.
Exploring New Pathways to Gender Equality in Education: Does Information and Communication Technology Matter?
Authors: Qaisrani Ayesha , Maqsood Ahmed Ather
Published: February 2021

Through the use of the System Generalized Method of Moments Technique, this study aims to establish links between Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), gender equality in education and economic growth, for segregated levels of education. The study focuses on the decade of 2000-2010 for the case of Lower Middle Income countries. Through simultaneous solution of the models, it is concluded that ICTs do have some potential to promote gender equality but the relationship is not strong enough, either due to lack of relevant statistical data or due to inefficient integration of ICTs into the society. It is, however, deduced that the strongest factor promoting gender equality is the average schooling of adult population. Furthermore, the study finds out that for lower middle income countries, gender equality at lower levels of education plays an important role in economic growth than gender equality in higher education.
Long-Run Pricing Performance of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in Pakistan
Authors: Mumtaz Muhammad Zubair , Ahmed Ather Maqsood
Published: February 2021

This study investigates the long-run pricing performance of 90 IPOs listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange from 1995 to 2010. This study finds evidence that IPOs show signs of underpricing and underperform over three years after listing; however, the observed pattern of underperformance is not always statistically significant. The equal-weighted buy-and-hold abnormal returns and calendar-time analysis confirm the significance of the IPO underperformance over the three year period after listing on the exchange. Extreme bounds analysis is used to test the sensitivity and robustness of twenty six explanatory variables in determining the IPO underperformance. The results reveal that the robust predictors of IPO underperformance include underpricing, financial leverage, age of the firm and oversubscription for buy-and-hold return calculations and underpricing, hot activity period, post issue promoters’ holding, issue proceeds and aftermarket risk level for cumulative abnormal return calculations. Moreover, the fads hypothesis and the window of opportunity hypothesis are applied to explain long-run IPO performance.