bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of pilot-scale reactors based on pulsating floc blanket clarification and conventional clariflocculation technologies in simultaneous treatment of natural organic matter and turbidity
Authors: Srivastava Shashank , Saxena Kanika , Brighu Urmila , Gupta Akhilendra Bhushan
Published: July 2022

Simultaneous treatment of synthetic raw water containing natural organic matter (6 mg L−1) and clayey turbidity (0–20 NTU) was carried out with PACl on continuous upflow type pilot-scale models of pulsating floc blanket clarifier (PFBC) and conventional clariflocculator (CC) each designed for a capacity to treat about 8,000 liters per day, to understand mechanistic differences in their functioning. Fluidized bed of pre-flocculated particles prompted contact flocculation and enmeshment which lowered the residual turbidity for PFBC (0.07 ± 0.09 NTU) compared to CC (2.48 ± 1.71 NTU). Fine particles suspended in water clarified from PFBC and CC were hetero-disperse with Zavg as 2,341 nm and 5,693 nm respectively. On average, total residual aluminum was found to be 147 ± 33 ppb and 141 ± 51 ppb, while dissolved residual aluminum was found to be 31 ppb and 59 ppb for PFBC and CC respectively. Average total organic carbon reduction by PFBC and CC was 70.4% and 67.7% respectively. Size, structure and fractal dimensions of flocs were studied and average settling velocity of PFBC flocs was calculated to be 37% higher than CC flocs. Distinctness in characteristics of sludge formed in the two reactors has been highlighted by means of SEM micrographs and FT-IR spectra.
Small molecule carbon source promoting dairy wastewater treatment of Rhodospirillum rubrum by co-metabolism and the establishment of multivariate nonlinear equation
Authors: Wu Pan , Li Ning
Published: July 2022

Rhodospirillum rubrum water treatment technology could recycle bio-resource. However, the inability to degrade macromolecular organics limited its wide application. This paper discussed the feasibility of small molecular carbon source promoting R. rubrum directly treating dairy machining wastewater (DMW) and accumulations for single cell protein and pigment, and establishment of a mathematical model. Six small molecules promoted the degradation of macromolecules (proteins) in DMW. They promoted protease secretion and non-growth matrix (protein) decomposition in DMW through co-metabolism. Among the molecules, 550 mg/L potassium sodium tartrate was the best, protease activity and protein removal rate were increased by 100% compared with control. Then chemical oxygen demand (COD) and protein removal rates reached 80%, the single cell protein, carotenoid and bacterial chlorophyll yields were increased 2 times. Meanwhile, carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N) and food microbial ratio (F/M) were identified as the most important factors by principal component analysis. A multivariate nonlinear equation model between COD removal rate and C/N, F/M, time was established.
Interpreter adaptation in hybrid ecology: the case of video-mediated commissioning of equipment
Authors: Krasnopeeva Ekaterina S. , Kraeva Svetlana S.
Published: July 2022

Video-mediated interpreting is a relatively new object of research, which requires integration of theoretical and methodological frameworks of translation studies, communication theory, media theory, and cognitive science. This paper examines the way an interpreter adapts to a hybrid environment, which merges communication in physical and virtual spaces. We describe the case of dialogue interpreting during the commissioning of equipment supervised by an instructor via video link. The study is based on transcripts as well as the interpreter’s retrospective commentary. The interpreter’s decision-making is examined through the lens of metacognition theory and monitoring processes. Among the key factors determining the complexity of this job, are the nature of dialogue interpreting in an industrial shop floor, and the limitations of video communication via a smartphone. In addition to the relaying and coordinating functions common to dialogue interpreting, in a hybrid ecology interpreter also monitors the status of the communication device. This kind of media-multitasking may result in additional cognitive monitoring, potentially leading to reduced attention span and affecting the interpreting quality. Additionally, the interpreter actively contextualizes the physical scenario for the remote participant, which leads to over-elaboration, excessive repetition, and addition of non-renditions. While many turn-taking devices are not available in video-mediated communication, the interpreter resorts to verbal turn-taking patterns and ultimately takes control of communication. In а hybrid environment, the logic of transition from a problematic situation to its solution becomes more unpredictable. The fragmented nature of interaction challenges the identification of relevant meanings and the process of probabilistic prediction.
Cultural and leisure practice transformation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yadova Maiya A.
Published: July 2022

The present work analyzes the changes in cultural and leisure practices during the COVID-19 pandemic on the basis of Russian and foreign social research results. The data on individual profound interviews with the post-Soviet youth presenters about their daily practices and adaptive strategies in the lockdown circumstances performed by the author are presented. It is noticed that the lockdown restrictions and self-isolation regime have opened new interesting opportunities in leisure and creative activities (quite often involving on-line technologies) for many residents in Russia and in the foreign countries that allowed them to improve their previous skills or learn something new. Part of the respondents have acquired online practices in their favorite leisure activities: educational, communication, creative etc., which they also would prefer to keep doing in their lives after the pandemic. The method specifically developed for the purposes of the author research is an undeniable novelty. The findings provide an opportunity to reflect on the personal and social resources that help adapt to the realities of the post-COVID world, give the answer to the question of whether young people’s experience of the new coronavirus everyday life can benefit older generations, and contribute to the development of the new sociological field — the sociology of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is observed that despite many negative consequences caused by the pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic produced a recovery in public cultural and leisure life that may be regarded as a positive emergent effect. In general, we can see significant changes in cultural and leisure practices under the impact of the coronavirus crisis. The trend towards active cultural consumption is likely to continue with time.
Developing High School Students’ Listening Skills in The Context of Multimodal English Communication by Means of a Moodle-Based Training Program
Authors: Danilin M. V. , Milovanova L. A.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the study is to describe the training program as a technological way to implement the methodology of skills’ formation and development of listening skills in the conditions of English-language multimodal communication at the level of secondary general education based on authentic audio-video materials and LMS Moodle distance learning technology. The relevance of the issue is underlined by the necessity of ensuring successful pupils’ interactions in the context of intercultural multimodal communication where verbal and non-verbal languages are used interdependently to produce meaning. From the point of view of methods of teaching it means a high school student must possess skills allowing to perceive (both aurally and visually) and understand social actions in English which are marked by the communicative indirectness resulted from the interdependency of verbal and non-verbal signals in producing multimodal meaning.

Materials and methods. Theoretical justification of the development of the Moodle-based training program is established by the analysis of scientific works on the issue. The group of methods also included modeling, method of exercises, method of programmed learning, micro-learning method, HTML5 technology is used to develop interactive content in the form of a plugin H5P for distance learning technology LMS Moodle, the basic program for editing audio-video materials “Video Editor” (Windows 10).

Results. The authors specified the term “audio-visual receptive activity” and described the results of the selection process of the educational content for teaching listening in the context of multimodal communication in English. The matrix of the training program is presented, a set of exercises is described, the use of which is designed to ensure the success of the formation of skills and the development of skills to ensure the effectiveness of perception and understanding in the context of multimodal communication, an example of the development of an interactive audio-visual exercise using basic and additional LMS Moodle plugins is given.

Conclusion. The described training program acts as a technological core of a method of teaching listening in the context of multimodal communication in English and is aimed at ensuring a partial automatization of the developmental process of the specific receptive and interpretative skills that Russian high school students require to participate both actively and effectively in intercultural multimodal communication in English.
Therapeutic Approaches for Intravascular Microthrombi-induced Acute
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Gopika K.M. , Sivajith S. , Sugunan Aadharsa , Sudheesh M.S.
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed our health care capacity in an unprecedented
way due to the sheer number of critically infected patients admitted to hospitals during the
last two years. Endothelial injury is seen as one of the central hallmarks of COVID-19 infection
that is the starting point in the generation of microthrombi and sepsis eventually leading to acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDs) and multi-organ failure. The dramatic fall in lung function
during ARDs is attributed to the microthrombi-induced coagulopathy primed by a hyperactive
immune system. Due to the lack of effective antiviral agents, the line of treatment is limited to the
management of two key risk factors i.e., immune activation and coagulopathy. In the present review,
we describe the mechanistic role, therapeutic targets, and opportunities to control immune
activation and coagulopathy during the pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced ARDs.
Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin as a Potential Chemotherapeutic Agent
Authors: Markandeywar Tanmay S. , Narang Raj Kumar , Singh Dilpreet , Rai Vineet Kumar
Published: July 2022

Cancer is the world's fifth-most significant cause of related death and the second most
commonly diagnosed malignancy among women and men. Some of its types, like brain cancer, colon
cancer, and breast cancer, are threatened and considered fatal. These cancers are more prevalent in
developed and underdeveloped countries. Still, doxorubicin is considered a gold standard drug and the
only molecule used in multiple types of cancer. However, the toxicity and biopharmaceutical hindrances
like poor solubility, poor permeability, and high in vivo fate of drug cause low systematic circulation.
The creation of a multifunctional nanocarrier for targeted medication delivery that can transport
and accumulate drugs at cancer sites should help to lessen the likelihood of side effects. These
nanocarriers improve the targetability of infected tissue and the therapeutic circulation of drugs. Hence,
the present review focused on the improved targetability of doxorubicin using different nanocarriers
and its possible outcomes in different types of cancer. Moreover, the prior art also discussed various
challenges and prospects of improved doxorubicin delivery and its therapeutic outcomes.
Knowledge and Use of Over-the-counter Drugs in Italy: An Exploratory
Survey-based Study in the General Population
Authors: Chiappini Stefania , Ceci Franca , Mosca Alessio , Di Carlo Francesco , Burkauskas Julius , Pettorruso Mauro , Martinotti Giovanni , Guirguis Amira , Corkery John M. , Scherbaum Norbert , Schifano Fabrizio , Di Giannantonio Massimo
Published: July 2022

Background:

During the past decade, the misuse of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines
has become a global public health concern, especially among young people. In this study, we aimed
to explore the OTC consumption and related misuse in Italy and identify the demographic characteristics
of people/individuals involved in this phenomenon, understanding eventual risk factors.

Methods:

The study consisted of an anonymous online survey distributed by direct contact and via
the Internet between June-November 2021 to the general population living in Italy. Descriptive statistics
were reported, and binary regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for lifetime
misuse of OTC. The University of Hertfordshire approved the study (aLMS/SF/UH/02951).

Results:

The final sample size was composed of 717 respondents. The sample was mainly represented
by female (69.3%) students (39.9%) in the 20-25 years age group (30.0%). Based on the survey
responses, study participants were divided into two groups according to the presence/absence of
OTC abuse/misuse (127 versus 590), which were compared for possible predictors of OTC diversion.
Multivariate regression showed that OTC abuse/misuse was associated with the knowledge of
the effects of OTC [odds ratio/OR = 2.711, 95%Confidence Interval/CI 1.794-4.097, p <0.001]. On
the contrary, the educational level appeared to be a protective factor [OR = 0.695, 95%CI 0.58–0.94,
p = 0.016].

Conclusion:

Although, according to our data, the phenomenon of OTC abuse appeared to be limited,
increasing attention is needed because of possible underestimation and high-risk outcomes.
Preventive strategies, including simplified access to information, may play a key role in limiting
OTC misuse.
Promising Molecular Targets Related to Polyamine Biosynthesis in Drug
Discovery against Leishmaniasis
Authors: Bispo Marcelle L.F. , Santiago-Silva Kaio M. , Camargo Priscila G.
Published: July 2022

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease widely distributed worldwide, caused by
parasitic protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Despite representing a significant public health problem,
the therapeutic options are old, with several reported adverse effects, have high costs, with administration
mainly by parenteral route, which makes treatment difficult, increasing dropout and, consequently,
the emergence of resistant strains. Thus, the research and development of new antileishmanial
therapies become necessary. In this field, inhibiting essential targets that affect the parasite’s
growth, survival, and infectivity represents an attractive therapeutic strategy. With this in mind, this
review addresses the main structural, functional characteristics and recent reports of the discovery of
promising inhibitors of the enzymes Arginase (ARG) and trypanothione synthase (TryS), which are
involved in the biosynthesis of polyamines and trypanothione and Trypanothione Reductase (TR),
responsible for the reduction of trypanothione thiol.
In vitro Examination of Antioxidant and Anti-cholinesterase Effects of
Athamanta sicula L. Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts
Authors: Loucif Karima , Benabdallah Hassiba , Benchikh Fatima , Bensouici Chawki , Amira Smain
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathological process of Alzheimer’s
disease (AD). There is a growing interest in natural anti-oxidants and cholinesterase inhibitors from
medicinal plants that may aid in the prevention of oxidative injury and treatment of AD. Considering
this, Athamanta sicula L. is found to be an important medicinal plant.

Aims:

The aim of the current study was to investigate the total phenolic content, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase
properties of aqueous (AqE) and methanolic extracts (MethE) from Athamanta sicula L.
(A. sicula L.).

Methods:

The phenanthroline, ABTS free radical scavenging, and β-carotene bleaching methods were
utilized to assess the antioxidant capacity. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase
(BChE) inhibitory methods were used to determine the anti-cholinesterase effect.

Results:

These extracts were found to be rich in phenolic contents. They were capable of scavenging
free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and reducing agents. A. sicula L. had a remarkable cholinesterase
inhibitory effect.

Conclusion:

These results support that A. sicula L. could be a new source of anti-oxidant and anticholinesterase
natural drugs. Further studies on the isolation and characterization of active principles of
anti-oxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities are needed.
Application of Nano Drug Delivery System (NDDS) in Cancer Therapy: A
Perspective
Authors: Liu Junyu , Li Shuqin , Wang Jia , Li Nannan , Zhou Jingna , Chen Haixia
Published: July 2022

Background:

Cancer is the biggest killer that threatens human health. Poor bioavailabil-ity and strong drug resistance of cancer drugs are common defects. In recent years, drug delivery therapy based on nanotechnology has become a focused research area, and nano drug delivery sys-tem has been widely studied in cancer treatment.

Objective:

Based on the articles and patents published on the application of nano drug delivery systems in cancer treatment in the past five years, this paper summarizes the types of nano drug delivery systems and their advantages and limitations in cancer treatment in order to provide a reference for future anticancer research on nano drug delivery systems.

Methods:

This perspective summarizes the types of nano drug delivery systems and their ad-vantages and limitations in cancer treatment in recent five years, and proposes the development direction of nano drug delivery systems in the future.

Results:

Based on the review of articles and patents, we found that the nano drug delivery system is mainly divided into encapsulated nano drug delivery system and covalently bound nano-prodrug delivery system. Its advantages in cancer treatment are mainly reflected in enhancing drug stability, improving bioavailability, reducing toxicity and better application in cancer diagnosis. However, nano drug delivery system is a new field of science, some of these drug delivery systems might have high toxicity and low bioavailability; the off-target phenomenon often occurs, and most stud-ies are just focused on the early stage, its mechanism of action, clinical efficacy and patient toler-ance, and the toxicity of treatment remains to be further investigated.

Conclusion:

This perspective systematically summarizes the types of nano drug delivery systems and their advantages and limitations in cancer treatment based on the published articles and patents obtained in the last five years. Future research on nano drug delivery system should consider the potential risks, and stable and efficient nano drug delivery systems should be designed to treat can-cer by changing or functionalizing the nanomaterial.
Investigating Iranians’ Attitude, Practice, and Perceived Self-Efficacy towards COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors
Authors: Joveini Hamid , Zare Zahra , Hashemian Masoumeh , Mehri Ali , Shahrabadi Reza , Mahdavifar Neda , Aval Hamideh Ebrahimi
Published: July 2022

Background:

During the past two years, a new health crisis that affected the world was the emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, most health challenges and problems are mainly due to behavioral factors, so identifying these factors can play an important role in promoting public health. Therefore, this study was designed and conducted to investigate Iranians’ attitude, practice, and perceived self-efficacy towards COVID-19 preventive behaviors.

Method:

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted online among 387 Iranian cyberspace users selected by convenience sampling method and invited through social media messaging apps (Telegram, WhatsApp). The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire divided into 4 parts (demographic information, items related to attitude, practice, and perceived self-efficacy). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation, and linear regression tests were used to analyze the collected data.

Results:

The results of the Pearson’s test showed that there was a direct and significant correlation between the participants’ attitude with practice (r = 0.23, p <0.001) and perceived self-efficacy (r = 0.21, p <0.001) regarding coronavirus preventive behaviors. There was also a direct and significant relationship between self-efficacy and practice (r = 0.46, p <0.001). The results of univariate regression test also showed that occupation (p=0.002, β=-0.16), marital status (p = 0.003, β=-0.15), attitude (p <0.001, β=0.23), and self-efficacy (p <0.001, β = 0.45) are predictive and influential variables of the participants’ practice towards coronavirus preventive behaviors.

Conclusion:

Various factors affect people's practice in relation to preventive behaviors. Paying attention to people's attitudes and self-efficacy can be considered in policies related to improving people's performance as well as planning future interventions to promote coronavirus preventive behaviors.
Absolute Images Reconstruction in Heart and Lungs for COVID-19 Patients using Multifrequencial Electrical Impedance Tomography System and D-Bar Method
Authors: Wolff Julia G. B. , P. dos Santos Wellington , Bertemes-Filho Pedro
Published: July 2022

Brazil is one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Since the beginning of November 2020, Brazil has been experiencing an acute crisis of
the disease, with an increase in cases, hospitalizations and deaths, including among the
youngest. During the month of April 2021, as intensive care units they were working
almost at full capacity throughout the country. Since the beginning of the pandemic, in
March 2020, without total, Brazil has reported more than 14 million cases of COVID19 and more than 400 thousand deaths. Due to the rapid spread of the virus and due to
the fact that the health systems of different countries are not prepared to serve the large
number of patients affected by this disease, we have proposed the use of
multifrequency electrical impedance tomography (MfEIT) in the management of
pulmonary disease in ICU beds. There are several other forms of tomographic imaging
that deliver better image resolution, however, MfEIT has some advantages over CT
Scan and X-rays, which are: the absence of ionizing radiation, the portability of the
equipment, the possibility of access remote control of the patient's clinical data by the
medical team, the visualization of dynamic pulmonary and cardiac parameters that are
not seen in computed tomography images, nor in ultrasound images. However, an
application of the D-Bar algorithms developed by Siltanen and his team, from 2012 to
2020, at the University of Helsinki, Finland, for viewing images in patients with
COVID-19 was evaluated. Various scenarios and criteria were proposed in the text and
the results obtained promising evidence for imaging internal organs in the radio
frequency range. As expected, codes cannot be considered in extremely low frequency
situations, as reconstructions are not considered. In the future, we seek to work with
deep neural networks to speed up the simulation of images and to compare results.
Classroom applicability of blooms mastery learning as perceived by teachers
Authors: Hassan Olusola
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the applicability of mastery learning in public senior school as perceived by teachers. The study used descriptive survey research type. Two hundred and thirty teachers were sampled from public senior secondary schools in Kosofe local government area of Lagos. Teachers’ perception on the applicability of Mastery Learning (TPABML) was designed by the researcher to measure teachers perception, the instrument was validated with reliability index of 0.74. Data collected was analysed using mean score, percentages and independent t-test of significance. Findings showed on the whole, teachers’ perception does not favour the use of blooms mastery in public senior secondary. Result also showed significant difference between teachers with post-graduate qualification and teachers with Bachelor degree, but no significant difference was found based on teachers’ experience. The result also finds no significant difference on the basis of gender.  The study recommends that Government should re-orientate teachers to change their views and make efforts to apply mastery learning as it has recorded positive results.
Analysis of influence factors on the virtues of democratic citizenship according to individual variables of adolescents
Authors:   National Program for Excellence in SW, Sahmyook University, Seoul, South Korea, et al. Seo
Published: July 2022

To lay the foundation for the development of democratic citizens for the youth who will become the leaders of the future society, major areas of democratic civic education have been selected and research conducted on factors affecting the democratic citizenship of the youths of K city located in Gyeonggi-do. In this study, we selected 32 questionnaires from 4 areas based on previous research and carried out a survey on 219 students. The final statistical processing was performed using the SPSS 21 program, and the results were as follows. We analyzed the effects of each of the students’ personal variables such as gender, school performance, parents’ academic background, and interest in social issues, on “human dignity,” “law-abiding spirit,” “rational decision making,” and “sense of community” that are in the realm of democratic citizenship. As a result of the analysis, first, human dignity has a significant effect according to gender and parents' educational background. Second, in the area of law-abiding spirit, only parents' educational background had a significant effect. Third, in the area of rational decision-making, gender and interest in social issues had an effect, and finally, in the area of community consciousness, parents' educational background and interest in social issues had significant effects. This study is meaningful as it found the factors that should be applied when conducting education for the cultivation of democratic citizenship in the future. The justification for practicing democratic citizenship education can be found in democracy itself. No matter how democratic a country is, if it fails to continue cultivating its roots by educating democratic ideals, its democracy will be shaken. Simple indoctrination should be avoided, but it should help students (members of society) develop the determination to uphold the liberal democratic and humanitarian values of human dignity, law-abiding spirit, rational decision-making, and a sense of community.
Exploring South Australian trends in Pre-schoolers’ Development and School Readiness from Preschool Directors’ Perspectives
Authors: Pivato Alessia , Boshoff Kobie , Seekamp Sarah
Published: July 2022

Background: South Australian preschool educators report anecdotally they perceive changes in children’s development over the past decade, and consequently, changes in children’s school readiness, also evidenced by Australian Education Development Census (AEDC, 2018) data. This honours study describes the profile of South Australian children’s development and school readiness, based on the perceptions of preschool directors. The study explores the understandings of school readiness and its relationship with developmental delay.

Methods: An online questionnaire was developed, guided by literature in the child development field, and was reviewed, piloted and validated by experts. In total, 405 directors from the South Australian Department for Education-funded preschools, were invited to take part. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and content analysis. 

Results: Out of 103 returned questionnaires (25.4% response rate), the majority were preschool directors with over 15 years’ experience as director and/or working with children in any field. The majority (80%) of participants agreed there has been an increase in the number of children diagnosed with, or observed to have developmental delay, over the past decade. Directors commonly defined school readiness as a developmental status of the child, with others extending this concept to add the primary school’s readiness to receive the child. The majority (82%) acknowledged children with signs of developmental delay are at risk of not being “school ready”. Factors affecting children’s development have been identified.

Conclusions: From this study, it is evident that over the past decade, experienced preschool directors have indicated South Australian children’s development to decline. These delays are impacting on their readiness to transition into the formal school system. Practical implications include the need for urgent support for these children to ensure they are ready to transition to school and to engage optimally in their learning.
Virtual Care Prior to and During COVID-19: Cross-sectional Survey of Rural and Urban Adults
Authors: Rush Kathy L , Seaton Cherisse L , Corman Kendra , Hawe Nicole , Li Eric Ping Hung , Dow-Fleisner Sarah J , Hasan Mohammad Khalad , Oelke Nelly D , Currie Leanne M , Pesut Barbara
Published: July 2022

Background

To reduce person-to-person contact, the COVID-19 pandemic has driven a massive shift to virtual care. Defined as the use of technology (synchronous or asynchronous) to support communication between health care providers and patients, rural-urban differences in virtual care are relatively unexplored.

Objective

The 2-fold purpose of this study was to examine rural and urban virtual care access, use, and satisfaction during the pandemic and to identify any unmet needs.

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional online survey exploring virtual care among rural and urban adults in summer 2021 using a combination of fixed and open-ended response options. Quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed using inductive thematic content analysis.

Results

Overall, 501 (373, 74.4% female; age range 19-86 years; 237, 47.3% rural-living) Western Canadians completed the survey. Virtual care use was high among both rural (171/237, 72.2%) and urban (188/264, 71.2%) participants, with over one-half (279/501, 55.7%) reporting having only started to use virtual care since the pandemic. The self-reported need for mental health programs and services increased during the pandemic, compared with prior for both rural and urban participants. Among virtual care users, interest in its continuation was high. Our analysis also shows that internet quality (all P<.05) and eHealth literacy (all P<.001) were positively associated with participants’ perceptions of virtual care usefulness, ease of use, and satisfaction, with no rural-urban differences. Rural participants were less likely to have used video in communicating with doctors or health care providers, compared with urban participants (P<.001). When describing unmet needs, participants described a (1) lack of access to care, (2) limited health promotion and prevention options, and (3) lack of mental health service options.

Conclusions

The increased demand for and use of virtual care may reflect increased availability and a lack of alternatives due to limited in-person services during the COVID-19 pandemic, so a balance between virtual care and in-person care is important to consider postpandemic. Further, ensuring availability of high-speed internet and education to support patients will be important for providing accessible and effective virtual care, especially for rural residents.
Virtual ER, a Serious Game for Interprofessional Education to Enhance Teamwork in Medical and Nursing Undergraduates: Development and Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wong Janet Yuen-Ha , Ko Joanna , Nam Sujin , Kwok Tyrone , Lam Sheila , Cheuk Jessica , Chan Maggie , Lam Veronica , Wong Gordon T C , Ng Zoe L H , Wai Abraham Ka-Chung
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Engaging students in interprofessional education for higher order thinking and collaborative problem-solving skills is challenging. This study reports the development of Virtual ER, a serious game played on a virtual platform, and how it can be an innovative way for delivering interprofessional education to medical and nursing undergraduates.

OBJECTIVE

We report the development of a serious online game, Virtual ER, and evaluate its effect on teamwork enhancement and clinical competence. We also explore if Virtual ER can be an effective pedagogical tool to engage medical and nursing students with different learning styles.

METHODS

Virtual ER is a custom-made, learning outcome–driven, case-based web app. We developed a game performance scoring system with specific mechanisms to enhance serious gaming elements. Sixty-two students were recruited from our medical and nursing programs. They played the games in teams of 4 or 5, followed by an instructor-led debriefing for concept consolidation. Teamwork attitudes, as measured by the Human Factors Attitude Survey, were compared before and after the game. Learning style was measured with a modified Honey and Mumford learning style questionnaire.

RESULTS

Students were satisfied with Virtual ER (mean satisfaction score 5.44, SD 0.95, of a possible 7). Overall, Virtual ER enhanced teamwork attitude by 3.02 points (95% CI 1.15-4.88, P=.002). Students with higher scores as activists (estimate 9.09, 95% CI 5.17-13.02, P<.001) and pragmatists (estimate 5.69, 95% CI 1.18-10.20, P=.01) had a significantly higher degree of teamwork attitude enhancement, while students with higher scores as theorists and reflectors did not demonstrate significant changes. However, there was no difference in game performance scores between students with different learning styles.

CONCLUSIONS

There was considerable teamwork enhancement after playing Virtual ER for interprofessional education, in particular for students who had activist or pragmatist learning styles. Serious online games have potential in interprofessional education for the development of 21st century life skills. Our findings also suggest that Virtual ER for interprofessional education delivery could be expanded locally and globally.
Correction: The Hip Instructional Prehabilitation Program for Enhanced Recovery (HIPPER) as an eHealth Approach to Presurgical Hip Replacement Education: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Miller William C , Mohammadi Somayyeh , Watson Wendy , Crocker Morag , Westby Marie
Published: July 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a corrigendum for MS 29322.
Diabetes Prediction using Machine Learning: A Review
Authors: Awasthi Anushka
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Prediction of diabetes using machine learning algorithms has been thoroughly studied by several researchers in the past. Finding, critically assessing, and combining the data of all pertinent, high-quality individual research is what prompted us to conduct this assessment of multiple diabetes prediction models. Analysis of several writers' expertise on diabetes prediction systems is presented in this publication. This study on diabetes prediction models aimed to discover the best strategies for selecting and synthesising the many studies of high quality. The majority of medical data is nonlinear, correlation-structured, and complicated, making it difficult to analyse. The use of machine learning-based techniques in healthcare and medical imagery has been ruled out.
Heart Disease Prediction Using Supervised Algorithms in Machine Learning
Authors: Doddamani Vidyasagar , S Dr. Ravindra
Published: July 2022

Abstract: There are various curable and incurable diseases which humans encounter in various stages of their life. Now-a-days due to poor nutrition and lifestyle modification, heart diseases are very prevalent. There are so many treatments available in medical field for heart diseases once predicted. However predicting heart disease is a challenging task. Therefore, predicting heart disease early helps people across the world to take the necessary actions before it reaches severe stage. From many years, machine learning approach has been used to deliver effective results in decision making and predictionaof heart diseaseausing different datasets available inathe medical industry. In this project we use Standard Scaler technique for feature selection. In this project an attempt has been made to predict or detect the presence of heart disease using five most commonly used supervised machine learning algorithms that are, Decision Tree (DT), RandomaForest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logisticaregression (LR) and the K-nearestaneighbor (KNN) algorithms. Lastly the performance of these five supervised machine learning algorithms is summarized.
Research Paper on Feasibility of Bitumen and Concrete Blend in Construction of Roads
Authors: Yadav Atharv
Published: July 2022

Abstract: A pavement or a road which is smooth, free of any potholes and cracks, easy to maintain and very quick to repair is the most ideal type of a road. But, with the construction of bitumen or concrete roads we don't see that happening, the present roads which are generally constructed using bitumen or concrete has shown many defects in them like cracks, potholes during every rainy season, frequency and difficulty in maintenance, and very difficult to repair them in quick time. So to overcome this situation every year, this project aims at constructing a pavement or a road which is jointless which will minimize lots of defects, minimize potholes, a road which does not require frequent repairs and which is easy to maintain. All the above remedies could be possible if we blend bitumen and concrete together to concrete a road. This project aims at checking the feasibility (to what extent it can be done) of constructing this mix road which is a blend between bitumen and concrete by testing its various parameters. For creating a strong bond between bitumen and concrete, various materials, combination of materials and their different proportions were used. After experimenting and several trials and error methods later, a strong bond between bitumen and concrete was created by using combination of materials and their different proportions. The strength to withstand the load of vehicles was achieved after adding different admixtures into it. Once, the fundamental parameters were fulfilled, it was time to perform different tests on its specimen. The results of tests like flexural, split tensile, compressive and water penetration were all satisfactory. Thus, feasibility check for constructing this mix road was successful.
O cuidado às vítimas de violência doméstica: representação social de profissionais da saúde
Authors: Silva Camila Daiane , Mota Marina Soares , Acosta Daniele Ferreira , Ribeiro Juliane Portella
Published: July 2022

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar a representação social dos técnicos de enfermagem e agentes comunitários acerca da violência doméstica, bem como identificar suas implicações no cuidado às vítimas. Dessa forma, realizaram-se análises descritivas e qualitativas, fundamentadas na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Participaram dessa pesquisa 39 profissionais atuantes em dez Unidades de Saúde da Família, coletando-se os dados das entrevistas, por meio da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Identificou-se que os profissionais representavam a violência doméstica como um crime que deve ser punido. Tal representação é estruturada, pois contém conceito, imagem e atitude. As implicações dessa representação nos cuidados às vítimas se referem à divulgação de informações dos direitos da mulher, da denúncia policial e da rede de apoio. Por fim, foi identificado que os profissionais confundem seus compromissos éticos de notificação compulsória com a denúncia policial, que pode ser efetuada pela vítima, familiares ou conhecidos, consequentemente, isso provoca a subnotificação e dificulta a compreensão da dimensão desse problema em nível nacional.
Condições sanitárias relacionadas à moradia em uma comunidade rural do Vale do Jiquiriçá (BA)
Authors: Maia João Nilton Souza , Sampaio Daniela Carneiro , Rivemales Maria da Conceição Costa , Cordeiro Rosa Cândida , Moura Terciana Vidal , Oliveira Lavinya Lima Cordeiro
Published: July 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as condições sanitárias relacionadas à moradia em uma comunidade rural do Vale do Jiquiriçá (BA). Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo e de corte transversal. Os dados empíricos foram oriundos do sistema de informação em saúde e-SUS, referentes ao ano de 2017, sendo analisados de acordo com a epidemiologia descritiva com o auxílio do Microsoft Excel. Os resultados destacaram disparidades sanitárias da população rural estudada, deficiência na forma de esgotamento sanitário, destino do lixo e acesso aos domicílios. São necessários o planejamento e a elaboração da agenda de saúde local, de modo a contribuir para a qualidade de vida e de saúde da população do campo.
Uma revisão integrativa da literatura nacional e internacional sobre refugiados
Authors: Wendling Andressa , Arnold Vilma Maria , Sbeghen Camila , Macedo Jaqueline Michaelsen , Giongo Carmem Regina
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a produção de material científico acerca das pessoas em situação de refúgio com as temáticas de saúde, trabalho e direitos humanos. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de artigos nacionais e internacionais que utilizaram a palavra “refugiados” nos últimos dez anos. Os critérios de inclusão foram: estudos publicados nos últimos dez anos, estudos sobre temas relacionados à saúde, física e mental, ao trabalho e aos direitos humanos de refugiados. Para a busca dos materiais, utilizou-se o descritor “refugiados” na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde – Psicologia Brasil. Foram obtidos 82 artigos, destes, foram excluídos 38 materiais por estarem fora dos critérios de inclusão, permanecendo 44 artigos. A partir da análise do material encontrado, foram estabelecidas seis categorias quantitativas e duas qualitativas. Os materiais foram lidos na íntegra e divididos nas categorias competentes; os dados quantitativos foram analisados de maneira descritiva e os dados qualitativos passaram por análise temática. Os estudos abordavam temas sobre os direitos dos refugiados e o papel do Estado, no entanto, a discussão ainda está excessivamente centrada na esfera dos trâmites legais, não mostrando o protagonismo dos refugiados.
Comunidades ribeirinhas do Amazonas têm conhecimento sobre cárie dentária: resultado da educação em saúde bucal
Authors: Gasque Kellen Cristina da Silva , Hatta Júnior Kleber Tsunematsu , Costa Pamela Couto Guimarães , Nogueira Denismar Alves
Published: July 2022

O Amazonas é o maior estado brasileiro em extensão territorial, com uma parcela significativa da população vivendo em torno dos rios, as chamadas comunidades ribeirinhas. O acesso aos serviços de saúde por essas comunidades é limitado, levando à criação de projetos de saúde pública para prevenção e tratamento de doenças, assim como ações de educação em saúde. Diversas organizações não governamentais (ONG) e equipes de saúde atuam nessas comunidades com projetos de educação em saúde. Neste artigo, verificou-se a percepção dos pais sobre a saúde bucal de seus filhos e a importância dos cuidados da dentição decídua para prevenção da cárie dentária. Para isso, foram entrevistados trezentos pais ou responsáveis por crianças de zero a sete anos em comunidades ribeirinhas localizadas em três municípios do Amazonas (Parintins, Nhamundá e Barreirinha – N = 300, cem em cada município). A partir das entrevistas, pode-se concluir que as mães foram as principais respondentes (80%), cuja renda familiar é de até um salário mínimo (91%). Além disso, a maioria tinha conhecimentos sobre cárie dentária (56%), bem como já recebeu alguma orientação sobre como escovar os dentes (41%). Todas as crianças possuem escova de dentes e 94% delas utilizam dentifrício na escovação. Por fim, os pais foram considerados os principais responsáveis pela escovação dentária supervisionada de seus filhos (87%), embora apenas 44% deles a realize. Portanto, neste artigo, demonstra-se a efetividade das ações e dos projetos aplicados em comunidades ribeirinhas em relação à cárie dentária, ainda que exista a necessidade da continuidade dessas ações para mudanças efetivas de hábitos, impactando positivamente a saúde bucal das crianças ribeirinhas do Amazonas.
Editorial
Authors: Aleluia Lucitania Rocha de
Published: July 2022

Apresentamos este novo número que reúne um conjunto de vinte trabalhos que versam sobre temáticas diversificadas e desafiadoras presentes no cotidiano do nosso Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Essa diversidade da produção de conhecimento confirma a relevância dos estudos e contribuições no campo da saúde coletiva em prol da saúde da população brasileira.
Work and Fluctuations: Coherent vs. Incoherent Ergotropy Extraction
Authors: Łobejko Marcin
Published: July 2022

We consider a quasi-probability distribution of work for an isolated quantum system coupled to the energy-storage device given by the ideal weight. Specifically, we analyze a trade-off between changes in average energy and changes in weight's variance, where work is extracted from the coherent and incoherent ergotropy of the system. Primarily, we reveal that the extraction of positive coherent ergotropy can be accompanied by the reduction of work fluctuations (quantified by a variance loss) by utilizing the non-classical states of a work reservoir. On the other hand, we derive a fluctuation-decoherence relation for a quantum weight, defining a lower bound of its energy dispersion via a dumping function of the coherent contribution to the system's ergotropy. Specifically, it reveals that unlocking ergotropy from coherences results in high fluctuations, which diverge when the total coherent energy is unlocked. The proposed autonomous protocol of work extraction shows a significant difference between extracting coherent and incoherent ergotropy: The former can decrease the variance, but its absolute value diverges if more and more energy is extracted, whereas for the latter, the gain is always non-negative, but a total (incoherent) ergotropy can be extracted with finite work fluctuations. Furthermore, we present the framework in terms of the introduced quasi-probability distribution, which has a physical interpretation of its cumulants, is free from the invasive nature of measurements, and reduces to the two-point measurement scheme (TPM) for incoherent states. Finally, we analytically solve the work-variance trade-off for a qubit, explicitly revealing all the above quantum and classical regimes.
Analisa Fatwa Berkaitan Akidah Dalam Filem di Malaysia: Sorotan 2005-2018
Authors: Opir Hajar , Yusof Muhammed , Siren Norrodzoh , Abdullah Luqman , Abdullah Wan Yusnee
Published: July 2022

Film is one of the artistic manuscripts that influences society. Islam, as a merciful religion towards mankind, does not neglect this aspect. In fact, it guides films to comply with the demand of sharaâ€˜. The recent development of films focuses on horror stories as a genre so favored by the general that it touches â€˜aqidah issues. Therefore, the Fatwa Council plays an important role in tackling this issue to assist those in film industry in producing high quality film and complying with sharia. Hence, this study aims to analyses fatwas in the aspect of â€˜aqidah associated to films to see whether the fatwas used are gazette or not. This study is in the form of qualitative. The method used is content analysis through literature review by examining the fatwas made on any related issues in films. The findings show that fatwas related to â€˜aqidah in films are significant, however, they are not often discussed by the Fatwa Council in the national or state level.