bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Facilitators and Barriers to Type 2 Diabetes Management in
Adults: A Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Lekha P. Padma Sri , Abdul Azeez E.P.
Published: February 2024

Background::

Globally, the cases of type 2 diabetes are increasing, and this is largely
attributed to lifestyle changes. Though diabetes is primarily a metabolic disease determined by
biological factors, psychosocial aspects play a crucial role in its progression and management.
However, the literature on psychosocial dimensions of diabetes management is minuscule and
scattered.

Objective::

This synthesis sought to understand the psychosocial facilitators and barriers to type 2
diabetes management and coping among adults.

Methods::

We have adopted a meta-synthesis to review available qualitative studies using Pub-
Med and Scopus databases. Based on inclusion criteria, we have chosen 24 studies published between
2010 and 2023. We have considered studies across countries, among which 63% of the
studies included were from Western countries, and most have employed qualitative descriptive
design. The selected studies were analyzed thematically using a deductive framework.

Results::

Six themes emerged as the psychosocial barriers and facilitators of managing and coping
with type 2 diabetes: 1) cognitive-emotional factors, 2) faith, 3) constraints to behavioural
change, 4) social constraints and support, 5) healthcare provider-patient relationship, and 6)
awareness. Further, a conceptual framework was developed from the synthesis.

Conclusion::

The patients' experiences evident from this synthesis signify the crucial role of psychosocial
factors in diabetes management and coping. This evidence emphasizes the need for integrated
care so that psychosocial aspects are addressed by healthcare providers and behavioural
health professionals, which may lead to the promotion of facilitators and the minimization of barriers.
Dietary Effects of Fasting on the Lipid Panel
Authors: Hourizadeh Jason , Munshi Rezwan , Zeltser Roman , Makaryus Amgad N.
Published: February 2024

Introduction::

Dietary habits, such as the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approaches
to Stop Hypertension (DASH), have been shown to improve cardiac health.

Methods:

Another more recent popular form of dieting incorporates periods of fasting known as
intermittent fasting. The two main forms are alternate-day fasting and time-restricted eating.

Results:

There have been studies that have shown that intermittent fasting does provide a benefit
in cardiovascular health, weight loss, and hypertension. However, the effect on cholesterol and
triglyceride levels during intermittent fasting is in question.

Conclusion::

This review evaluates the current literature regarding the effects of this dietary
model and other types of fasting on the lipid panel.
Emerging Strategies and Effective Prevention Measures for Investigating
the Association Between Stroke and Sudden Cardiac Fatality
Authors: H. Nithesh Kumar , S. Jeevanandham , Ganesh M. Shankar , M. Ashmi Sabana , P. Manivasakam
Published: February 2024

Stroke-related cardiac death is a significant concern for patients with stroke and their
healthcare providers. It is a complex and multifaceted condition that requires careful management
of both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. This review provides an overview of
the pathophysiology, risk factors, and prevention strategies for stroke-related cardiac death. The
review highlights the importance of identifying and managing modifiable risk factors such as
hypertension, diabetes, and lifestyle factors, as well as non-modifiable risk factors such as age
and genetics. Additionally, the review explores emerging strategies for prevention, including the
use of wearable devices and genetic testing to identify patients at risk, stem cell therapy and
gene therapy for cardiac dysfunction, and precision medicine for personalized treatment plans.
Despite some limitations to this review, it provides valuable insights into the current understanding
of stroke-related cardiac death and identifies important areas for future research. Ultimately,
the implementation of evidence-based prevention strategies and personalized treatment
plans has the potential to improve outcomes for patients with stroke and reduce the burden of
stroke-related cardiac death in the population.
Modular Edge Analysis Reveals Chemotherapy-induced Brain Network
Changes in Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: You Jia , Wang Zhengqian , Hu Lanyue , Zhang Yujie , Chen Feifei , Yin Xindao , Chen Yu-Chen , Yong Xiaomin
Published: February 2024

Background::

Lung cancer patients with post-chemotherapy may have disconnected or weakened function connections within brain networks.

Objective::

This study aimed to explore the abnormality of brain functional networks in lung cancer patients with post-chemotherapy by modular edge
analysis.

Methods::

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans were performed on 40 patients after chemotherapy, 40 patients before
chemotherapy and 40 normal controls. Patients in all three groups were age and sex well-matched. Then, modular edge analysis was applied to
assess brain functional network alterations.

Results::

Post-chemotherapy patients had the worst MoCA scores among the three groups (p < 0.001). In intra-modular connections, compared with normal
controls, the patients after chemotherapy had decreased connection strengths in the occipital lobe module (p < 0.05). Compared with the nonchemotherapy
group, the patients after chemotherapy had decreased connection strengths in the subcortical module (p < 0.05). In inter-modular
connections, compared with normal controls, the patients after chemotherapy had decreased connection strength in the frontal-temporal lobe
modules (p < 0.05). Compared with the non-chemotherapy group, the patients after chemotherapy had decreased connection strength in the
subcortical-temporal lobe modules (p < 0.05).

Conclusion::

The results reveal that chemotherapy can disrupt connections in brain functional networks. As far as we know, the use of modular edge analysis to
report changes in brain functional brain networks associated with chemotherapy was rarely reported. Modular edge analysis may play a crucial part
in predicting the clinical outcome for the patients after chemotherapy.
Optimization and Transfollicular Delivery of Finasteride Loaded PLGA
Nanoparticles Laden Carbopol Gel for Treatment of Hair Growth
Stimulation
Authors: Kuchukuntla Mounika , Palanivel Venkatesan , Ananthula Madhubabu
Published: February 2024

Background:

One of the frequent side effects of cancer treatment is chemotherapyinduced alopecia (CIA). The psychological discomfort of hair loss may cause patients to stop receiving chemotherapy, lowering the therapy's effectiveness. Finasteride (FNS), a JAK inhibitor, has
shown tremendous promise in therapeutic uses for treating baldness. Still, systemic side effects constrained its broad use in alopecia from oral treatment and a low absorption rate at the target site—
PLGA-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) for topical delivery of FNS—to overcome these issues.

Methods:

The nano-precipitation process was used to make FNS-NPs. The independent variables
(stabiliser and polymer) were PLGA (X1), P407 (X2), and sonication time (X3). Based on the
point prediction method obtainable by the Box Behnken design software, the best FNS-NPs composition was selected. Entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index were used to characterize the nanoparticles. Using Carbopol as a polymer, the ideal FNS-NPs
composition was further transformed into a gel formulation. The prepared topical gel formulation
(FNS-NPs gel) included gel characterization, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry
(DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), invitro and in vivo studies.

Results:

Optimized FNS-NPs (F13) had particle sizes of 175.26±3.85 nm, 0.241±0.11 PDI,
71.04±1.35 % EE, and -33.27±0.39 surface charges. There is no interaction between the drug and
the excipients, according to FTIR studies. The FNS were visible in the X-ray diffractogram enclosed in a polymer matrix. The developed FNS-NPs gel formulation shows ideal drug content,
viscosity, pH, and spreadability. According to the release and permeation investigation findings,
FNS released slowly (68.73±0.94%) but significantly permeated the membrane more than before.
In a dose- and time-dependent manner, the produced nanoparticles considerably (p≤0.05) increased FNS delivery compared to the FNS solution. The FNS-NPs gel therapy significantly increases the quantity and size of hair follicles dose-dependently. The effectiveness of the 1% FNSNPs gel and the 2% minoxidil solution were comparable. After 72 hours, the FNS-NPs gel
showed no signs of skin irritation. The outcomes, therefore, showed that the trans follicular delivery mechanism of the FNS-NPs gel might stimulate hair growth.

Conclusion:

These findings imply that the innovative formulation that has been developed has several
beneficial properties that make it suitable for FNS dermal delivery in the treatment of alopecia areata
Insights to Design New Drugs against Human African Trypanosomiasis Targeting Rhodesain using Covalent Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, and MM-PBSA Calculations
Authors: dos Santos Nascimento Igor José , Santos Mirelly Barbosa , De Jesus Marinho Washley Phyama , de Moura Ricardo Olimpio
Published: February 2024

Background:

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are parasitic and bacterial diseases
that affect approximately 149 countries, mainly the poor population without basic sanitation.
Among these, Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), known as sleeping sickness, shows
alarming data, with treatment based on suramin and pentamidine in the initial phase and melarsoprol
and eflornithine in the chronic phase. Thus, to discover new drugs, several studies
point to rhodesain as a promising drug target due to the function of protein degradation and intracellular
transport of proteins between the insect and host cells and is present in all cycle phases
of the parasite.

Methods:

Here, based on the previous studies by Nascimento et al. (2021) [5], that show the
main rhodesain inhibitors development in the last decade, molecular docking and dynamics
were applied in these inhibitors datasets to reveal crucial information that can be into drug
design.

Results:

Also, our findings using MD simulations and MM-PBSA calculations confirmed Gly19,
Gly23, Gly65, Asp161, and Trp184, showing high binding energy (ΔGbind between -72.782 to
-124.477 kJ.mol-1). In addition, Van der Waals interactions have a better contribution (-140,930
to -96,988 kJ.mol-1) than electrostatic forces (-43,270 to -6,854 kJ.mol-1), indicating Van der
Waals interactions are the leading forces in forming and maintaining ligand-rhodesain complexes.
Thus, conventional and covalent docking was employed and highlighted the presence of Michael
acceptors in the ligands in a peptidomimetics scaffold, and interaction with Gly19, Gly23,
Gly65, Asp161, and Trp184 is essential to the inhibiting activity. Furthermore, the Dynamic
Cross-Correlation Maps (DCCM) show more correlated movements for all complexes than the
free rhodesain and strong interactions in the regions of the aforementioned residues. Principal
Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrates complex stability corroborating with RMSF and
RMSD.

Conclusion:

This study can provide valuable insights that can guide researchers worldwide to
discover a new promising drug against HAT.
Mechanism of the Effect of Scopolamine on Breast Cancer: Determination by Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics
Authors: Xiao Yang , Guo Qiang , Li Yichen , Ma Mengcong , Sun Yu , Gu Qing , Xiao Yunfeng
Published: February 2024

Background:

To a certain extent, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-based anesthesia
has replaced opiate administration in recent years. Preliminary drug screening has revealed
that scopolamine may affect breast cancer (BC) metastasis by an unknown mechanism.

Methods:

Network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) topological
analysis were implemented to identify the core genes linking scopolamine and BC. The core
genes were then subjected to gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA). The top
ten pathways were detected by gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of
Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. The impact of immune infiltration on the core
gene difference and survival analyses was then determined. Molecular docking was then performed
on the core genes and the main active components.

Results:

Protein kinase 1 (AKT1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), heat shock protein
90 alpha class A (HSP90AA1), caspase 3 (CASP3), and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) were the
key genes in the interaction between scopolamine and BC cells. The KEGG enrichment analysis
disclosed that the top ten pathways significantly associated with the scopolamine response in
BC included "protein glycosylation," "phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling," "mitogen-
activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling" and others. The AKT1, EGFR, and especially
the HSP90AA1 expression levels were correlated with survival in patients with BC. Immune
infiltration also influenced the survival outcome. Molecular docking demonstrated that scopolamine
bound and formed stable complexes with the protein products of all five aforementioned
genes.

Conclusion:

Scopolamine has multiple targets regulating BC cell function and may increase the
risk of metastasis during treatment. Therefore, it should be preoperatively administered with
caution to patients with BC.

result:

AKT1, EGFR, HSP90AA1, CASP3, and ESR1 were revealed as the five key genes. Find the top ten pathways with possible effects by GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis, and get the results of core gene difference analysis and survival analyses and explore the effect of immune infiltration only on them. Finally, molecular docking between the core genes and the main active components was performed for verification.
Comprehensive In Silico Analysis of Uncaria Tomentosa Extract: Chemical Profiling, Antioxidant Assessment, and CLASP Protein Interaction for Drug Design in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Kumar Sanjesh , Panda Siva Prasad
Published: February 2024

Background:

Uncaria tomentosa is a traditional medicinal herb renowned for its
anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-enhancing properties. In the realm of
neurodegenerative diseases (NDDS), CLASP proteins, responsible for regulating microtubule
dynamics in neurons, have emerged as critical players. Dysregulation of CLASP proteins is
associated with NDDS, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases.
Consequently, comprehending the role of CLASP proteins in NDDS holds promise for the
development of innovative therapeutic interventions.

Objectives:

The objectives of the research were to identify phytoconstituents in the
hydroalcoholic extract of Uncaria tomentosa (HEUT), to evaluate its antioxidant potential
through in vitro free radical scavenging assays and to explore its potential interaction with
CLASP using in silico molecular docking studies.

Methods:

HPLC and LC-MS techniques were used to identify and quantify phytochemicals in
HEUT. The antioxidant potential was assessed through DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant
power (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (SO) free radical scavenging methods.
Interactions between conventional quinovic acid, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, corynoxeine,
rhynchophylline and syringic acid and CLASP were studied through in silico molecular docking
using Auto Dock 4.2.

Results:

The HEUT extract demonstrated the highest concentration of quinovic acid derivatives.
HEUT exhibited strong free radical-scavenging activity with IC50 values of 0.113 μg/ml
(DPPH) and 9.51 μM (FRAP). It also suppressed NO production by 47.1 ± 0.37% at 40 μg/ml
and inhibited 77.3 ± 0.69% of SO generation. Additionally, molecular docking revealed the
potential interaction of quinovic acid with CLASP for NDDS.

Conclusion:

The strong antioxidant potential of HEUT and the interaction of quinovic acid with
CLASP protein suggest a promising role in treating NDDS linked to CLASP protein dysregulation.
A Review on N-nitrosamine Impurity
Authors: Pal Debangana , B. Babu
Published: February 2024

Nitrosamines are a category of substances that have a nitroso group linked to an amino
group in their molecular structure. They are a category of carcinogens developed as a by-product of
drug synthesis and also constituted in the presence of sodium nitrite or nitric acid and secondary
amines (like dimethyl amines and diethyl amine) that must be monitored in drug production. In
mid-June 2018, the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency became
aware of the existence of an impurity called N-nitrosamine in some frequently used medications,
such as those for blood pressure, antacids, and diabetes. N-nitrosamines are of major concern because
the ICH M7 (R1)2 guideline categorizes them as Class 1 impurities or mutagenic carcinogens,
and the International Agency for Cancer Research categorizes them as potential carcinogens.
The existence of N-nitrosamines in pharmaceutical drugs must be minimized to the greatest extent
possible and must be at or below the threshold based on ICH M7(R1)2 fundamentals for materials
in the "cohort of concern" described in this guideline and measured based on lifetime constant exposure.
Evaluation of Stability and In vitro Anti-Cancer Activity of Dihydroquercetin Nanoemulsion
Authors: Nguyen Mai Huong Thi , Nguyen Thu Huong Thi , Phan Thuy Thi , Bach Son Thanh , Phan Thien Xuan , Nguyen Tinh Trong , Le Huong Thi , Nguyen Binh Thanh
Published: February 2024

Background:

Dihydroquercetin (DHQ), also known as taxifolin, is a flavonoid commonly
found in many plants. Dihydroquercetin has been documented to have powerful antioxidant
activity and many beneficial properties for human health, especially its ability to inhibit
certain types of cancer cells. However, its low solubility and bioavailability are major obstacles
to biomedical applications. Moreover, DHQ is chemically unstable and quickly degrades when
exposed to alkaline conditions.

Objective:

In the present study, a DHQ nanoemulsion formulation was prepared by Self Nano-
Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) technique to overcome the above disadvantages.

Methods:

The obtained nanoemulsion system was evaluated for its micro-properties, stability,
and in vitro cytotoxic activity against some cancer cells using tetrazolium dyes (MTS assay).

Results:

Measurement results showed that the DHQ nanoemulsion was successfully synthesized
with typical mean droplet sizes from 9 to 11 nm, and revealed excellent stability over time. Dihydroquercetin
in nanoemulsion form is more stable than the non-encapsulated form, as evidenced
by the maintenance of droplet size in the nanometer range when dispersed in aqueous
solution for up to 48 hours. This stability is particularly pronounced in both acidic and neutral
environments. In vitro experiments on cytotoxic activities against A549, Hela, and HepG2 cancer
cell lines indicated that the prepared DHQ nanoemulsion effectively inhibited the growth of
all these cell lines with IC50 values (μg/mL) of 8.0, 20.4, and 29.5 respectively.

Conclusion:

From the detailed results above, it is evident that the solubility and bioavailability
of DHQ can be improved by creating its nanostructure in the form of nanoemulsions. Furthermore,
the nano form of DHQ carried within stable nanoemulsions exhibited better performance
in inhibiting cancer cells compared to free DHQ. Therefore, further research is required to explore
the development of cancer therapeutics utilizing nano DHQ emulsions.
Exploring the Evolving Significance of lncRNA TUG1-mediated Signaling
Pathways in Breast Cancer
Authors: Abouali Gale Dari Mahrokh , Anbiyaiee Amir , Moghanibashi Mehdi , Mohammad Jafari Razieh , Moramezi Farideh , Farzaneh Maryam
Published: February 2024

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide. Invasive
ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) are the most common kinds
of invasive breast cancer. Several genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors could trigger
the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Breast cancer treatment generally includes surgery, radiation
therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal treatment, targeted therapy, immunotherapeutic, neoadjuvant
systemic therapy, and systemic therapy. Although several classical treatment methods are used
in cancer therapy, molecular-based strategies can open a new perspective for breast cancer
treatment. Previous studies reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles
in cancer development and progression. LncRNA TUG1 was found to target several miRNAs
and regulate breast cancer cell behavior. TUG1 can induce cell proliferation and invasion of
breast cancer cells via downregulation of some miRNAs. Therefore, TUG1 might be a potent
biomarker for the treatment of human cancer. In this review, we summarized the functional roles
of TUG1 in breast cancer.
Discovery of β-carboline based Derivatives through Computational Aid for the Treatment of Leishmania
Authors: Mwamafupa Asifiwe , Arora Pinky , Singh Jagtar , Seksaria Kriti , Kumar Shubham
Published: February 2024

Background::

Leishmaniasis is a phagocytic host cell invading, caused by leishmania species mostly found in developing nations. To treat leishmaniasis, a wide range of medications and potential vaccines are available, such as pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin, and miltefosined, but due to the lack of effective treatments, the high toxicity of chemotherapy and the growth of drug resistance linked to these diseases necessitate the urgent development of innovative therapeutic agents. β-carboline is a group of chemical compounds, and its derivatives have shown to be one of the potential candidates for the treatment of Leishmania. The carboline derivatives may have antileishmanial activity. Which act by interfering with the parasite’s DNA replication or metabolic processes, inhibiting the enzymes that are mainly responsible for the reproduction and metabolism of leishmania.

Objective::

This research undertaking's present focus is on determining the existence and virtual screening of potential β-carboline derivative, which can act as an antileishmanial agent that can prevent or stop the progression of leishmania by the integration of different computational technologies such as in silico ADMET analysis and docking.

Methods::

After synthesizing molecules using virtual screening, all designed compounds underwent molecular docking, and hit molecules underwent ADMET analysis.

Results::

Using AutoDock Vina 1.5.6, molecular docking was carried out in the arginase receptor's active site (PDBID: 2AEB). The research and creation of compounds used virtual screening. Fifteen hits from docking experiments had high binding affinity as, in comparison to the commercially available molecule pentamidine (binding score -5.5Kcal/mol), 15 compounds (binding affinity - 7.9 to 7.0Kcal/mol). These Fifteen best hits were further examined for their ADME activity using SwissADME, and the ADME analysis identified 15 medicines as having the ideal ADME profile and improved bioavailability.

Conclusion::

This research will bring up a broad spectrum of prospects for investigation into the disciplines of computational and medical research. This will facilitate the development of new antileishmanial agents that have better stability, bioavailability, and less toxicity, side effects for use in future research studies.
Framework for the Classification of Facial Emotions Using Soft Computing
Techniques
Authors: Maity Sourav , Veer Karan
Published: February 2024

Background::

Facial emotion recognition (FER) technology is enumerated as a productive
interface in several operations, which has been specifically focused on as a substitute
communication path among a user and an appliance for human computer interface in the previous
decade. The efficiency of the facial identification model straightaway relies on the capability
of classification methods. In addition, an appropriate swap between recognition efficiency
and computational cost is reckoned as the most important factor for planning such models.

Methods::

The objective of this paper was to classify the facial emotion electromyogram (EMG)
signals by means of a neural network algorithm (NN), support vector machine (SVM) algorithm,
and Naive-Bayes algorithm. This research work was directed towards the correlation among the
classification accuracies by applying distinct feature extraction procedures on fEMGs. At first,
eight participants (six male and two female) were recruited for data recording. Four electrodes
were placed on each participant's face for capturing facial gestures (happy, angry, sad, and fear)
and two electrodes were placed on the wrist for grounding purposes. Data were recorded by using
BIOPAC MP150. After this, the signals were filtered using a band-pass filter and segmentation
techniques for enhanced processing. After that, the time-domain and frequency-domain feature
extraction procedures were carried out. Time domain and frequency domain features were
applied to recorded signals. In this research, we used LabVIEW and MATLAB to produce a set
of characteristics from fEMG signals for four emotional conditions, such as anger, sad, fear, and
happy. After the feature extraction process, the extracted features were aligned into respective
emotions by applying classifiers. The extracted features were further trained and classified by
applying the SVM classifier, neural network classifier, and Naive Bayes classifier in MATLAB
2020.

Results::

The SVM classifier and neural network classifier generated an accuracy of 93.80% and
96.90%, respectively, whereas the Naive Bayes classifier generated an accuracy of 90.60%.

Conclusion::

Facial emotion recognition (FER) is foresighted as a progressive or futuristic model,
which has attracted the attention of researchers in several areas of learning due to its higher
prospects in distinct applications. Acknowledgment of the emotions through biomedical signals
produced from movements of facial muscles is lately presented using an explicit and authentic
route.
Assessment of Neurologic Safety Profile of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors:
Evaluation of Adverse Drug Reaction Reports
Authors: Khurana Atul , Dubey Harikesh , Arora Mandeep Kumar
Published: February 2024

Background::

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) used in immunotherapy have revolutionized
cancer management. However, ICI therapy can come with serious neurologic risks.

Objective::

The objective of our study is to analyze the occurrence of neurologic events with ICIs.

Methods::

We referred to EudraVigilance (EV) and VigiAccess to evaluate the frequency of individual
case safety reports (ICSRs), including neurologic events with ICIs. Data was gathered for
a period from the date of ICI’s marketing authorization till 30 January 2023. The computational
assessment was conducted with the help of reporting odds ratio (ROR) and its 95% confidence
interval (CI).

Results::

Overall, 8181 ICSRs in EV and 15905 ICSRs from VigiAccess were retrieved for neurologic
events, with at least one ICI as the suspected drug. The majority of the ICSRs were reported
for nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and ipilimumab, whereas frequently reported events were neuropathy
peripheral, myasthenia gravis, seizure, Guillain-Barre syndrome, paraesthesia, syncope,
encephalopathy, somnolence. Under EV, 92% of ICSRs were reported as serious, 10% included
fatal outcomes, and nearly 61% cited patient recovery. Atezolizumab (ROR 1.64, 95% CI 1.75-
1.52), cemiplimab (ROR 1.61, 95% CI 1.98-1.3), and nivolumab (ROR 1.38, 95% CI 1.44-1.31)
had a considerable increase in the frequency of ICSR reporting. Cerebrovascular accident, posterior
reversible encephalopathy syndrome, tremor, and somnolence were identified as potential
signals.

Conclusion::

ICIs were significantly associated with neurologic risks, which cannot be generalized.
A considerable increase in ICSR reporting frequency was observed with atezolizumab,
cemiplimab, and nivolumab, while avelumab, pembrolizumab, durvalumab, and cemiplimab were
linked with four potential signals. These findings suggest the consideration of a revision of the
neurologic safety profile of ICIs. Furthermore, the necessity for additional ad-hoc research is
emphasized.
A Novel Multi-compartment Rotating Bioreactor for Improving ADSC-Spheroid Formation and its Application in Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Wang Peng , Liu Yang , Duan Xiao-Feng , Pan Xiao-Ying , Kong Xiang-Rui , Yang Yong
Published: February 2024

Objective:

The aim of this study was to construct a multicompartment synchronous rotating
bioreactor (MCSRB) for batch-production of homogenized adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)
microspheres and treat neurogenic erectile dysfunction (ED).

Methods:

Firstly, an MCSRB was constructed using a centrifugal device and hinged trays. Secondly,
influence factors (density, rotational speed) on the formation of ADSC-spheroids were explored.
Finally, a neurogenic ED model was established to verify the effectiveness and safety of
ADSC-spheroids for ED treatment.

Results:

An MCSRB promoted ADSCs to gather microspheres, most of which were 90-130 μm in
diameter. Supernatant from three-dimensional culture led to a significant increase in cytokine expression
in ADSCs and migration rate in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) compared
to control groups. The erectile function and pathological changes of the penis were improved
in the ADSC-spheroids treatment group compared to the traditional ADSCs treatment
group (p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Efficient, batch, controlled and homogenized production of ADSC stem cell microspheres,
and effective improvement of erectile dysfunction in neurogenic rats can be achieved using
the MCSRB device.
Evaluation of Pancreatic β-cell Differentiation Efficiency of Human iPSC Lines for Clinical Use
Authors: Horikawa Ayumi , Tsuda Kyoko , Yamamoto Takayoshi , Michiue Tatsuo
Published: February 2024

Background:

Transplantation of pancreatic β-cells generated from human induced
pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has great potential as a root treatment for type 1 diabetes. However,
their current level of efficiency to differentiate into β-cells is still not at par for clinical use. Previous
research has shown that differentiation efficiency varies among human embryonic stem
cells and mouse-induced pluripotent stem cell lines. Therefore, selecting a suitable cell line for efficient
induction into desired tissues and organs is crucial.

Methods:

In this study, we have evaluated the efficiency of 15 hiPSC lines available for clinical
use to differentiate into pancreatic β-cells.

Results:

Our investigation has revealed induction efficiency to differ among the hiPSC lines, even
when derived from the same donor. Among the hiPSC lines tested, the 16A01 cell line exhibited
the highest insulin expression and low glucagon expression, suggesting that this cell line is suitable
for differentiation into β-cells.

Conclusion:

Our study has demonstrated the importance of selecting a suitable hiPSC line for effective
differentiation into β-cells.
Mechanisms of Stem Cells and Their Secreted Exosomes in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Lin Shu-Qian , Wang Kai , Pan Xing-Hua , Ruan Guang-Ping
Published: February 2024

:

Stem cells play a therapeutic role in many diseases by virtue of their strong self-renewal
and differentiation abilities, especially in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. At present, the
mechanism of the stem cell treatment of autoimmune diseases mainly relies on their immune regulation
ability, regulating the number and function of auxiliary cells, anti-inflammatory factors and
proinflammatory factors in patients to reduce inflammation. On the other hand, the stem cell-
derived secretory body has weak immunogenicity and low molecular weight, can target the site
of injury, and can extend the length of its active time in the patient after combining it with the
composite material. Therefore, the role of secretory bodies in the stem cell treatment of autoimmune
diseases is increasingly important.
Transformer-based Named Entity Recognition for Clinical Cancer Drug Toxicity by Positive-unlabeled Learning and KL Regularizers
Authors: Xie Weixin , Xu Jiayu , Zhao Chengkui , Li Jin , Han Shuangze , Shao Tianyu , Wang Limei , Feng Weixing
Published: February 2024

Background:

With increasing rates of polypharmacy, the vigilant surveillance of clinical
drug toxicity has emerged as an important With increasing rates of polypharmacy, the vigilant surveillance of clinical
drug toxicity has emerged as an important concern. Named Entity Recognition (NER) stands as
an indispensable undertaking, essential for the extraction of valuable insights regarding drug safety
from the biomedical literature. In recent years, significant advancements have been achieved in the
deep learning models on NER tasks. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of these NER techniques relies on
the availability of substantial volumes of annotated data, which is labor-intensive and inefficient.

Methods:

This study introduces a novel approach that diverges from the conventional reliance on
manually annotated data. It employs a transformer-based technique known as Positive-Unlabeled
Learning (PULearning), which incorporates adaptive learning and is applied to the clinical cancer
drug toxicity corpus. To improve the precision of prediction, we employ relative position embeddings
within the transformer encoder. Additionally, we formulate a composite loss function that integrates
two Kullback-Leibler (KL) regularizers to align with PULearning assumptions. The outcomes
demonstrate that our approach attains the targeted performance for NER tasks, solely relying
on unlabeled data and named entity dictionaries.

Conclusion:

Our model achieves an overall NER performance with an F1 of 0.819. Specifically, it
attains F1 of 0.841, 0.801 and 0.815 for DRUG, CANCER, and TOXI entities, respectively. A
comprehensive analysis of the results validates the effectiveness of our approach in comparison to
existing PULearning methods on biomedical NER tasks. Additionally, a visualization of the associations
among three identified entities is provided, offering a valuable reference for querying their
interrelationships.
Inferring Gene Regulatory Networks from Single-Cell Time-Course Data Based on Temporal Convolutional Networks
Authors: Tan Dayu , Wang Jing , Cheng Zhaolong , Su Yansen , Zheng Chunhou
Published: February 2024

Background:

Time-course single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data represent dynamic
gene expression values that change over time, which can be used to infer causal relationships
between genes and construct dynamic gene regulatory networks (GRNs). However, most of the existing
methods are designed for bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) data and static scRNA-seq data,
and only a few methods, such as CNNC and DeepDRIM can be directly applied to time-course
scRNA-seq data.

Objective:

This work aims to infer causal relationships between genes and construct dynamic gene
regulatory networks using time-course scRNA-seq data.

Methods:

We propose an analytical method for inferring GRNs from single-cell time-course data
based on temporal convolutional networks (scTGRN), which provides a supervised learning approach
to infer causal relationships among genes. scTGRN constructs a 4D tensor representing gene expression
features for each gene pair, then inputs the constructed 4D tensor into the temporal convolutional
network to train and infer the causal relationship between genes.

Results:

We validate the performance of scTGRN on five real datasets and four simulated datasets,
and the experimental results show that scTGRN outperforms existing models in constructing GRNs.
In addition, we test the performance of scTGRN on gene function assignment, and scTGRN outperforms
other models.

Conclusion:

The analysis shows that scTGRN can not only accurately identify the causal relationship
between genes, but also can be used to achieve gene function assignment.
Radiation-induced Testicular Damage in Mice: Protective Effects of Apigenin
Revealed by Histopathological Evaluation
Authors: Azmoonfar Rasool , Mirzaei Fatemeh , Najafi Masoud , Varkeshi Maryam , Ghazikhanlousani Karim , Momeni Sara , Saber Korosh
Published: February 2024

Background:

Radiation exposure poses a significant threat to reproductive health,
particularly the male reproductive system. The testes, being highly sensitive to radiation, are
susceptible to damage that can impair fertility and overall reproductive function. The study aims
to investigate the radioprotective effects of apigenin on the testis through histopathological
evaluation.

Materials and Methods:

This research involved utilizing a total of 40 mice, which were randomly
divided into eight groups of five mice each. The groups were categorized as follows: A)
negative control group, B, C, and D) administration of apigenin at three different doses (0.3
mg/kg, 0.6 mg/kg, and 1.2 mg/kg) respectively, E) irradiation group, and F, H, and I) administration
of apigenin at three different doses (0.3 mg/kg, 0.6 mg/kg, and 1.2 mg/kg) in combination
with irradiation. The irradiation procedure involved exposing the mice to a 2Gy X-ray
throughout their entire bodies. Subsequently, histopathological assessments were conducted
seven days after the irradiation process.

Results:

The findings indicated that radiation exposure significantly impacted the spermatogenesis
system. This research provides evidence that administering apigenin to mice before ionizing
radiation effectively mitigated the harmful effects on the testes. Apigenin demonstrated radioprotective
properties, positively influencing various parameters, including the spermatogenesis
process and the presence of inflammatory cells within the tubular spaces.

Conclusion:

Apigenin can provide effective protection for spermatogenesis, minimize the adverse
effects of ionizing radiation, and safeguard normal tissues.
An In-depth Analysis of the Adverse Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure
on Cardiac Catheterization Staffs
Authors: Alvandi Maryam , Javid Roozbeh Narimani , Shaghaghi Zahra , Farzipour Soghra , Nosrati Sahar
Published: February 2024

Diagnostic and interventional angiograms are instrumental in the multidisciplinary
approach to CAD management, enabling accurate diagnosis and effective targeted treatments
that significantly enhance patient care and cardiovascular outcomes. However, cath lab staff,
including interventional cardiologists, is consistently exposed to ionizing radiation, which poses
inherent health risks. Radiation exposure in the cath lab primarily results from the use of fluoroscopy
and cineangiography during diagnostic and interventional procedures. Understanding
these risks and implementing effective radiation protection measurements are imperative to ensure
the well-being of healthcare professionals while delivering high-quality cardiac care. Prolonged
and repeated exposure can lead to both deterministic and stochastic effects. Deterministic
effects, such as skin erythema and tissue damage, are more likely to occur at high radiation
doses. Interventional cardiologists and staff may experience these effects when safety measures
are not rigorously followed. In fact, while ionizing radiation is essential in the practice of radiation
cardiology ward, cath lab staff faces inherent risks from radiation exposure. Stochastic effects,
on the other hand, are characterized by a probabilistic relationship between radiation exposure
and the likelihood of harm. These effects include the increased risk of cancer, particularly
for those with long-term exposure. Interventional cardiologists, due to their frequent presence
in the cath lab, face a higher lifetime cumulative radiation dose, potentially elevating their cancer
risk. Protective measures, including the use of lead aprons, thyroid shields, and radiation
monitoring devices, play a crucial role in reducing radiation exposure for cath lab personnel.
Adherence to strict dose optimization protocols, such as minimizing fluoroscopy time and maximizing
distance from the radiation source, is also essential in mitigating these risks. Ongoing
research and advancements in radiation safety technology are essential in further for minimizing
the adverse effects of ionizing radiation in the cath lab.
Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Acorus tatarinowii and Ginseng in the
Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Network Pharmacology
and Molecular Docking
Authors: Chen Weijun , Wu Yan , Hu Yuan , Zhu Liuyan , Wu Lingling , Bai Guannan , Zou Chaochun
Published: February 2024

Background:

Acorus tatarinowii and Ginseng (AT-G) are traditional Chinese herbal
medicines extensively utilized in neurological disorders treatment. However, due to the complex
components of AT-G and the pathological mechanism of ASD, the mechanisms involved in the
treatment of ASD with AT-G remain elusive.

Objective:

We explored AT-G potential mechanisms in ASD treatment.

Methods:

We used the network pharmacology approach to evaluate the beneficial effects of AT-G
for ASD, including obtaining the active components of AT-G by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) platform, detecting the potential targets genes associated
with ASD of Genecards and DisGenet databases, network analysis, and virtual docking.

Results:

A total of 26 AT-G components, 130 AT-G targets, and 806 ASD-related genes were
identified using the bioinformatics analysis tool, including TCMSP, Genecards, and DisGenet. In
the intersection of potential pharmacodynamic targets of AT-G and genes associated with ASD,
we identified 41 potential common targets. Then, GO enrichment analysis revealed that the common targets were mainly associated with biological processes (i.e., positive regulation of nitric
oxide biosynthetic process, response to xenobiotic stimulus), cellular components (i.e., the presynaptic membrane and postsynaptic membrane), and molecular functions (i.e., RNA polymerase
II transcription factor activity, identical protein binding). KEGG pathway analysis found that the
common targets were enriched in chemical carcinogenesis - receptor activation, fluid shear stress
and atherosclerosis, lipid and atherosclerosis, and IL-17 signaling pathways. In addition, 10 core
targets were screened from the PPI network (e.g., TNF, AKT1, PTGS2, MMP, PPARG, IFNG,
NOS2, TGFB1, and CASP1). Molecular docking revealed that the common component
kaempferol has a high affinity for the four primary disease targets.

Conclusion:

Our results facilitated the in-depth development of AT-G and their individual components and provided a reference for clinical practice
Standardization and Evaluation of Triphala Juice and Quantification of
Gallic Acid as a Biomarker by Analytical Techniques
Authors: Ahire Tejas , Gosavi Seema , Pawar Sarita , Kulkarni Aditi
Published: February 2024

Background::

Standardization of Triphala Juice was performed by using the WHO
Guidelines. The Parameters included Preliminary Analysis, Phytochemical Identification, Heavy
Metal Estimation, etc. A new simple, specific, precise and accurate UV Spectrophotometric,
High-Performance Liquid.

Methods::

Chromatography and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography method has been
developed for the Estimation of Gallic Acid in pure form.

:

The UV- Spectrophotometric method was developed using Schimadzu 1800 UV - Visible spectrophotometer
using methanol as a solvent. The method was shown to be linear, with a detection
wavelength of 273 nm for Gallic Acid.

:

The separation was achieved on the Schimadzu Prominence-I RP-HPLC and the column used was
C18 column using mobile phase consisting of mixture of Methanol: 0.1% OPA (50:50). The
detection was carried out at 280 nm with a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min. The retention time for Gallic
Acid was found 3.89 minutes. The calibration curve was found linear (r2 = 0.999) for RP- HPLC
method.

:

The HPTLC method was developed using Aetron Sprayline instrument, Methanol as solvent and
mobile phase consisting of Toluene: Ethyl Acetate: Formic Acid: Methanol (3:3:0.9:0.2).
The method was found linear and the wavelength of detection for Gallic Acid was 254 nm,
respectively.

:

The percentage recoveries for both methods were found in the 98.0- 102.0% range.

:

Results: The methods were validated in accordance with International Conference on harmonization
acceptance criteria for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and system suitability.
The excipients did not interfere in the determination of Gallic acid in Triphala Juice.

Conclusion::

The suggested approach was effectively implemented for the quantitative determination
of gallic acid in Triphala juice, which would aid in quality control.
Exploring the Fascinating Diversity, Medicinal Significance, and Ecological
Adaptation of Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb.: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Chothani Daya L. , Trivedi Udit , Patel Jigneshkumar I.
Published: February 2024

Background:

A large variety of unknown plants has tremendous usefulness in improving
human beings from a medicinal, nutritional, and dietary perspective. Ceropegia bulbosa
species are threatened plant species by (the International Union for Conservation of Nature)
IUCN which have significant medicinal value. Ceropegia bulbosa species are generally found in
various regions of India. GC-MS data of different extracts such as Ethanol, Methanol, Acetone,
Ethyl acetate, and chloroform show the biologically active compounds that exhibit various biological
actions. Bioactive compounds reported in Ceropegia bulbosa are Tetradecanoic acid,
Pentadecanoic acid, Heptadecanoic acid, Octadecanoic acid, Ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3 beta, 24R)-
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, Tetracontane, Squalene, Beta-stigmasterol.

Discussion:

Traditionally, leaves, tubers, stems, and flowers are used in the treatment of several
diseases. Also, various tribal and rural regions have a different identity of Ceropegia bulbosa.
Hence, it has the same ethnopharmacological remedies like the decoction of tubers used to treat
dysentery and diarrhea and remove kidney stones. Pulp of leaves used for deafness.

Conclusion:

Traditionally, it is used as an anti-urolithic, dysentery and diarrhea, deafness, and
fertility enhancer. The plant is reported as anti-urolithic, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory,
malnutrition, and Balya karma. Ceropegia bulbosa is reported to contain Tetradecanoic
acid, Pentadecanoic acid, Heptadecanoic acid, Octadecanoic acid, Ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3 beta,
24R)-Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, Tetracontane, Squalene, Beta-stigmasterol.