bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE MYTH OF SAW-CUT JOINTS IN CONCRETE SLABS AND WALLS
Authors: Seniwongse Muangsangop
Published: February 2025

This paper is concerned with the world-wide practice of providing shallow saw-cut joints or v-grooves at regular spacing, for structural purposes, in concrete walkway slabs, slabs-on-grade, and parapet walls. The primary purpose of this paper is to raise awareness among engineers that the practice is a myth and has no structural advantages, and for the engineers to think of a better and more positive/reliable approach to concrete crack control. The other purpose is to make aware the need for engineers to think and observe actual behavior of existing structures, and use that observation to improve future design, and not repeat unsound or useless practices. Elimination of useless saw-cut joints in future construction would save the whole world billions of dollars. The author demonstrates that the saw cuts have no structural impact by showing the pictures taken in New York of typical cracks seen on walkway slabs and parapet walls, and on garage floor slabs that were built with saw-cut joints. Note that this type of actual field observation is more representative than the crack observation on small concrete models tested in any engineering laboratories. For comparison, the author shows the examples of crack-free, maintenance-free garage floor slabs and parapet walls without any saw cuts that have been in service in Thailand for the past 30 years.
REVIEWING GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES ON IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Willar Debby , Pangemanan Daisy D. G.
Published: February 2025

Sectoral development activities, lack of standards on eco-systematic approach, prioritizing short-term outcomes, and ignoring the holistic and comprehensive prospects of sustainability have led to environmental degradation. Therefore, the Indonesian government has realized the importance of implementing sustainable development concepts in every phase of infrastructure project life-cycle. This paper reviews the existing government regulations on sustainable construction implementation guidelines, which underlie the execution of infrastructure project throughout five phases of project life-cycle, namely (1) programming, (2) technical planning, (3) construction execution, (4) utilization, and (5) demolition. A relook at existing regulation in term of providing more technical concepts on implementing the sustainable principles throughout the infrastructure project life-cycle is necessary to help both the construction services users and providers in implementing sustainable construction principles in Indonesia. The outcome of this review can serve as a guide to develop a technical concept for the implementation of the sustainable construction in infrastructure projects in order to create sustainable development in Indonesia.
THE USE OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Ohiomah Ifije , Aigbavboa Clinton , Zwane Thulisile , Aghimen Douglas
Published: February 2025

This study assesses the benefit of sustainable construction and the use of life cycle assessment (LCA) in the South African construction industry to achieve sustainable construction. The data used in this was derived from both primary and secondary resources. The primary data was collected through a questionnaire approach. The study revealed that LCA could be used for product comparison, product development, formulating of product eco-labels, evaluating construction processes and decision-making processes in the construction industry concerning materials. Furthermore, the study revealed that LCA has various strengths, challenges and weakness, this is due to the fact that there is a requirement of the high quality of knowledge and data when conducting a detailed LCA study. However, this study revealed that life cycle thinking is a cornerstone for developing policies and programs, which meet sustainability criteria and there is a great room for the development and use of LCA in the South African construction industry. Therefore, it is recommended that the South African Construction industry invest more in environmental tools such as LCA.
LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS OF ENERGY EFFICIENT SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENCE
Authors: Hajare Ayushi , Elwakil Emad
Published: February 2025

Residential and commercial buildings account for more than half of the electricity consumption in the United States. There are numerous practical solutions to make buildings more energy efficient and sustainable. Although it is well-established that green buildings are socially, environmentally, and economically beneficial, there is still a lack of green buildings in the residential sector. The installation and upfront costs for these houses are very high. This research aims to facilitate a broader understanding of the cost benefits of energy efficient and sustainable residences. The Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) approach and energy simulation tools have been utilized and integrated for assessing the traditional single-family residence in the United States. A comparative study has been carried out including passive and net-zero energy through energy simulation software. This analysis will benefit academic researchers and industry practitioners to analyze and evaluate challenges and opportunities in energy efficient and sustainable residences.
TECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR SOIL STABILIZATION USING COAL ASH
Authors: Gómez Diana , Carvajal Gloria , Balaguera Alejandra , Arias Yhan Paul
Published: February 2025

In most Latin American countries, low-volume roads are composed of unpaved roads; this is considered a problem of economic, social and environmental interest. There are different stabilization alternatives for this type of roads with traditional materials, i.e., Portland cement (OPC) and lime (L), both of which have a high environmental impact due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This paper presents the results of the environmental assessment of an industrial residue Coal Ash (CA) with pozzolanic characteristics. The residue was alkaline activated with Ca(OH)2 from commercial lime (L). The binary system (CA+L) is called (CLM) and forms a material with cementing properties, and when it is mixed with soil, it increases the capacity to support loads. The CLM as a soil stabilizer is proposed along with the modification of some construction processes associated with lime technology and Portland cement. Finally, a technical and environmental comparison is made for conventional stabilizers and the binary system CLM. The results showed that stabilization of a silty soil with CLM can achieve a reduction of 58% and 75% in CO2 emissions when compared with L and OPC, respectively.
BUILDING A SUSTAINABLE WORLD: ECONOMY INDEX OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
Authors: Oyebisi Solomon , Ede Anthony , Olutoge Festus , Ofuyatan Olatokunbo , Alayande Tolulope
Published: February 2025

Geopolymer concrete offers a considerable solution not only to the environmental problem but also to the structural deterioration confronting the world. But, limited or no study is found on its cost implications. Consequently, this study evaluates the production cost and the economy index of geopolymer concrete (GPC) and compares it with the Portland cement concrete (PCC). Corncob ash (CCA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) were used as source materials in the production of geopolymer concrete. Alkaline liquids were prepared to obtain 12 molar concentrations. The concentration was used to activate the source materials. Grade 30 concrete (M30) was adopted as a mix design proportion. GGBFS was replaced by CCA in varying percentages as 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The research findings reveal that GPC is 27.71% lesser than the PCC in terms of production cost while the economy index of GPC is higher than the PCC for the same grade of concrete. The results infer that GPC is cheaper and more viable than the PCC. Thus, geopolymer concrete proves to be an innovative product and appears to be a feasible solution not only to the environmental and structural deteriorating problems but also to the problem of high cost of Portland cement in the construction industry.
BLENDED METAKAOLIN AND WASTE CLAY BRICK POWDER AS SOURCE MATERIAL IN SUSTAINABLE GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
Authors: Ahmed Mahmood F. , Khalil Wasan I. , Frayyeh Qais J.
Published: February 2025

Recently, sustainability and ecological related problems have attracted more attention around the world. The construction sector incorporates directly and indirectly in global warming, natural resources depletion, and environmental pollution. This study aims, firstly; to identify the optimum mix of metakaolin (MK) geopolymer concrete required to achieve high compressive strength with respect to the concentration of the alkaline solution and curing system. Secondly, to reduce the impact of brick waste on the environment, by producing geopolymer concrete based on blended MK and waste clay brick powder (WBP). The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of MK-based geopolymer concrete specimens were studied. Different contents of waste clay brick powder (WBP) (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) as a replacement by weight of (MK) were investigated. The results appear that it is possible to produce MK-based geopolymer concrete with a compressive strength of 44.03 MPa, while it was 34.76 MPa at 28 days for specimens with 15% WBP replacement of main source binder. Finally, it could be concluded that green moderate strength geopolymer concrete can be produced and used in different civil engineering applications.
A STRUT AND TIE MODEL FOR FRCM-STRENGTHENED REINFORCED CONCRETE DEEP BEAMS
Authors: Wakjira Tadesse , Ebead Usama
Published: February 2025

Exiting literature revealed that fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) is a promising material for the strengthening of shear deficient reinforced concrete (RC) beams. However, most of the available experimental studies are devoted to the use of FRCM system for the strengthening of slender beams and limited literature is available on the strengthening of deep beams using FRCM system. Moreover, there is no available literature on the analytical modelling of FRCM-strengthened deep beams. In this paper, a simple strut and tie model (STM) has been used to predict the ultimate load carrying capacity of RC deep beams strengthened in shear using FRCM system. The model accounts for the internal transverse reinforcement ratio and axial rigidity of the FRCM system. The proposed model is validated against an experimental results of RC deep beams strengthened with different types of FRCM system available in the literature.
SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY RATING SYSTEMS AND CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS
Authors: Andrade-Rhor Diana , Montalbán-Domingo Laura , Garcia-Segura Tatiana , Pellicer Eugenio
Published: February 2025

The term sustainability has multidisciplinary use and meaning. Sustainability is typically described by many sources as development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable construction projects are those that ensure the consideration of economic, environmental and social impacts that are created by their activities. It includes all the construction related tasks and the company's management. This research focuses mainly on the criteria of social and environmental sustainability. Social sustainability, whose criteria is based on the classification of company's stakeholders and the project's, and environmental sustainability, also called physical dimensions of sustainability, whose criteria are those related to resources and the environment. This paper aims to recognize the most known sustainability certification systems, how they classify their criteria and rate their metrics. After the research, we can conclude that the certification systems incorporate more metrics for criteria of environmental sustainability than for social sustainability.
SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF RC BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF FRCM: EFFECT OF STIRRUPS’ CONFIGURATION
Authors: Wakjira Tadesse , Ebead Usama
Published: February 2025

Fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix, (FRCM) system has shown to be promising for the strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. However, the available experimental investigation on the shear strengthening efficacy of FRCM system is limited, particularly for deep beams. Moreover, to the authors' knowledge, no literature is available on the effect of the stirrups' configuration relative to the FRCM strips on the shear capacity of FRCM-strengthened beams. Studying this effect will aid in a better understanding of the FRCM/stirrups interaction. Thus, in this paper the experimental study on the shear behavior of RC deep beams strengthened in shear using FRCM system is presented. The test matrix involved two unstrengthened and six FRCM-strengthened deep beams tested under three-point bending. The primary test variable was the effect of stirrups' configuration relative to the FRCM strips. The other test variable includes the effect of different types of FRCM fabric (made of carbon, glass, and polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole, PBO). Experimental results demonstrated an effective application of the FRCM in improving the load capacities of RC deep beams, up to 40.3% increase in the load capacity was achieved.
ON THE PRECIPICE OF NAIROBI PROCESS FAILURE: EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY’S CHALLENGES TO REALIZE PEACE IN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
Authors: Azizah Nur , Ahmadi Muhammad Rey Dafa
Published: February 2025

Since 1997 the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been facing armed conflicts between ethnic groups which was triggered by land conflicts and gold and cobalt mine posession control on East Congo. Interventions done by other countries to support rebellions expanded the scale of coflict and got labeled as The African World War. The conflict, which entangled African countries around Great Lakes forced East African Community (EAC) to intervene with the peace treaty known as the Nairobi Process in 2021. This article aims to convey the EAC's initiative to bring about peace in the DRC, and the challenges it faces. This study employs a literature study method, drawing on secondary data released in the form of press conferences, reports from international organizations, journals, newspapers, and books. The outcomes of this study reveal that the EAC was successful in asking the parties of the dispute to engage in negotiations known as the Nairobi Process, which allows the EAC the ability to put together and deploy a peacekeeping force by 2021. But stability did not last long as DRC government only used EAC peacekeeping force as additional force to drive away the M23 rebels. When the objective wasn’t met and EAC peacekeeping force was unable to carry out supervision and disarmament mission, DRC government expelled EAC peacekeeping force from DRC. M23 rebels still control cobalt and gold mines in the east of DRC.
Od štylistických reflexií K. Hausenblasa k reflexiám o inkluzívnosti štýlu a štylistiky pre societu digitálnej éry
Authors: Orgoňová Oľga , Bohunická Alena
Published: February 2025

In the study we reflect the impulses from the work of the Czech stylist K. Hausenblas (1923–2003). In continuity with his stylistic ideas about the variability of ways of constructing discourses in a national language based on the principle of unity in multiplicity, we reflect the concurrent and subsequent thoughts about the pragmatization of stylistics (e.g. in the optics of J. Kořenský or J. Hoffmannová), as well as thoughts about the interactivity of dialogues as presented by J. Kraus, and in the pragmatized concept of communication of Schulz von Thun, enriched by the ideas of J. Dolník. Hausenblas’s ideas about expression style and the variability of its forms with the use of the “offer” of the whole national language are consistent with our ideas about the communicative style of the 21st century as a mode of flexible verbal and nonverbal, culturally and contextually anchored behaviour. After outlining how the focus of theoretical interest after the communicative-pragmatic turn in stylistics shifts from the compositional aspect and the process of speech production to the socio-cognitive aspect, we profile the framing contours of inclusive stylistics in the service of the civil society of the digital era.
Styl a téma. O jednom aspektu pojetí stylu v díle Karla Hausenblase
Authors: Mareš Petr
Published: February 2025

Karel Hausenblas defined style as a principle of integration that goes through all levels of the text (from language to theme) and forms it to a unified whole. The paper focuses on the position of the thematic level of the text in this conception. First theoretical arguments for the inclusion of theme into the sphere of style are discussed, and then the evolution of Hausenblas’s views is summarized. According to Hausenblas, the stylistic integration of the linguistic and thematic levels of text is accomplished by repetition of equivalent means and by synergy of various stylistic features. He tried to demonstrate the ways of this integration in his thorough analyses of Czech prosaic works. Further, Hausenblas stated that the style is based on two operations, the selection from a repertoire of elements and the composition of selected items. The homogenous character of style is so declared, but the possibilities and ways of selection from a repertoire differ in relation to language and in relation to thematic units.
Karel Hausenblas a metapragmatika
Authors: Hirschová Milada
Published: February 2025

The paper refers to certain impulses included in three articles authored by K. Hausenblas. One of them defining the most general notions in the field of verbal communication has become an impetus for re-thinking other Hausenblas’s findings concerning the description of communication activities as well as the use of proper names in the samples of Czech prose. The present paper suggests the possibility to evolve Hausenblas’s ideas from the viewpoint of reflexive metapragmatic/metalingual operations (metacognitive functions of proper names, metarepresentative and metadiscourse properties in the works of prose analysed by Hausenblas).
Sustainable Development Toolkit in Managing Small Business Changes: Digitalization and Smartization
Authors:   Odesа Polytechnic National University, Filippov Volodymyr , Yangulov Elvin ,   Odesа Polytechnic National University
Published: February 2025

The article explores sustainable development tools in managing changes within small enterprises amidst global challenges such
as the war in Ukraine, economic instability, and accelerated technological transformations. Special attention is given to
digitalization and smartization processes, which serve as key factors in improving the efficiency of small businesses. The impact
of digital tools on business process automation, resource management, and customer interaction is analyzed. Examples of
innovative solutions that enhance business adaptability to dynamic market changes are provided. The study also examines the
role of government support through grants, preferential loans, and the simplification of administrative procedures. The necessity
for rapid adaptation to crises through the creation of partnerships, business clusters, and the development of entrepreneurial
ecosystems is emphasized. Special focus is placed on stimulating the export of Ukrainian goods and services and integrating into
global markets to ensure the resilience of the national economy.
Impacts of Revising Criminal Wrongful Convictions on Judicial Credibility in China: A Cocktail Party Effect Analysis
Authors: Said Muhamad Helmi Md , Li Yaoyao , Hassan Muhamad Sayuti , Liu Jingyu , Tinuk Dwi Cahyani
Published: February 2025

In the Disruption Era, the revision of criminal wrongful convictions is vital to the protection of human rights. Moreover, it has a wide and profound impact on judicial credibility with complex mechanisms for shaping such impact. This commitment to rectify errors and uphold justice through criminal revision, while commendable, is overshadowed by a prevailing public perception that attributes such revisions to systemic deficiencies such as corruption, misuse of authority, and biased judicial decisions. This study delves into the intricate landscape of rectifying wrongful convictions by introducing the nuanced perspective of the Cocktail Party Effect (CPE), a sophisticated acoustic theory. The CPE's impact unfolds in three distinct stages—aptly termed "Screen-Mask-Polarize"—as the public navigates through the revision process. At its core, this study elucidates how signals emanate from wrongful conviction revisions to undergo automatic screening, influenced by the public's subjective preferences, thereby establishing a biased negative cognitive context. This cognitive bias, in turn, possesses the potential to erode public trust in the legal system and diminish confidence in the judiciary. Consequently, this comprehensive research offers insightful recommendations for judicial organs, the news media, and the public, complemented by two instrumental measures: the implementation of a state compensation system and the establishment of an accountability framework for wrongful convictions. The overarching goal of this study is to empower the public with the tools needed for a more objective and logical analysis of wrongful conviction revisions, fostering a nuanced understanding and trust in the criminal justice system.
FEATURES OF THE MARCH CALCULATION SUPERSONIC FLOWING OF A LAUNCH VEHICLE WITH A TORI-SHAPED RING-WING
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Timoshenko V. I. , Galinskii V. P. ,   nstitute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Parshutkin A. N. ,   LTD «NTKB PARUS»
Published: February 2025

An algorithm has been proposed for the march calculation of supersonic flow around the launch vehicle with a ring wing, which
is equipped with a ramjet engine. The special feature of the developed algorithm is the introduction of two sub-regions in the
computational domain where the ring wing is placed on the body of the launch vehicle. The computational domain is divided
into two sub-regions when the march section hits the leading edge of the ring wing — a lower sub-region, which is located be-
tween the surface of the body of the launch vehicle and the lower surface of the ring wing, and an upper sub-region, which is
placed between the upper on the surface of the ring wing and the front of the head shock wave. When the march section is placed
on the rear edge of the ring wing, the lower and upper sub-regions merge with what appears to be one computational domain.
Based on an algorithm from a previously created program for the flow around launch vehicles, software was designed for the
operational numerical calculation of the supersonic flow around launch vehicles with round or elliptical wings that hug the rock-
et body. The created software allows for a significant reduction in computational time with an accuracy acceptable for design.
The results of numerical calculations of the supersonic flow are presented in the form of isoline fields of gas-dynamic param-
eters in the flow field and pressure distributions on the surfaces of the launch vehicle body and the ring wing for a specific form
of a launch vehicle with a ring wing. It is shown that the use of a ring wing leads to a wave nature of pressure distribution in the
area between the surface of the body of the launch vehicle and the lower surface of the ring wing. As the angle of attack increases,
the pressure in the leeward part of this region exceeds the pressure in the windward part of the field. The distributions of the total
aerodynamic characteristics of forces and moments acting on the considered launch vehicle configuration are given.
ON THE SPACE-TIME LOCALIZATION OF INCIPIENT EARTHQUAKES BY DIAGNOSTICS OF DISTURBANCES IN THE IONOSPHERIC PLASMA USING A SPACE PROBE
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, SHUVALOV V. A. , GOREV N. B. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, KOCHUBEI1 G. S. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, LEVKOVYCH O. O. ,   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies
Published: February 2025

This paper reports the results of in-situ probe diagnostics of local disturbances in the ionospheric plasma. The results are presented as
the space–time distributions of the charged particle temperatures and densities measured by the electric probes onboard the DEME-
TER (France) and the distributions of the electron and neutral particle temperatures and densities measured by the Langmuir probe
and the two-channel pressure probe onboard the Sich-2 (Ukraine). By the example of interpreting the output signals of the electric
probes onboard the DEMETER (France), the Sich-2 (Ukraine), and the CSES (China), it is found that maxima in the electron and
neutral particle temperature and density distributions along the spacecraft orbit in the ionospheric plasma correspond to the location of
the epicenters of earthquakes incipient on the ground track. An additional parameter that improves the epicenter localization accuracy
is the electron energy gain rate in the ionospheric plasma. It is shown that the relaxation times of maxima in the electron and neutral
particle temperatures in the ionospheric plasma determine the time to the first shock of an earthquake incipient on the ground track.
NGC 3521 AS THE MILKY WAY ANALOGUE: SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION FROM UV TO RADIO AND PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY
Authors:   Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, PASTOVEN O. S. ,   Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, KOMPANIIETS O. V. ,   Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, VAVILOVA I. B. ,   Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, IZVIEKOVA I. O. ,   Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,   nternational Center for Astronomical, Medical and Ecological Research
Published: February 2025

We studied the multiwavelength properties of NGC 3521, the Milky Way galaxy-twin, from UV- to radio, exploring the data from
GALEX for UV-, SDSS for optical, 2MASS, WISE, MIPS (Spitzer) and PACS, SPIRE (Herschel) for IR-, and NRAO VLA for radio
ranges. To obtain the spectral energy distribution (SED), we exploited the CIGALE software and constructed SEDs without (model A)
and with (model B) AGN module. The type of nuclear activity of NGC 3521 is confirmed as the LINER.
We also present the results of the photometric data processing. Exploring the ZTF observations in 2018—2024, we found, for the
first time, a weak photometric variability of the nuclear activity, where the correlation between g – r color indices and g-magnitude
for long-term timescale shows a BWB trend (bluer-when-brighter) with a Pearson coefficient r(g – r) = 0.56, which is a medium
correlation. To detect the variability of NGC 3521 during the day (IDV), we provided observations using a Zeiss-600 telescope with an
aperture size of 8″ at the Terskol observatory. The data obtained in the R-filter with an exposure of 90 sec for three hours on Feb 11,
2022, serve in favor of a trend towards an increase in brightness with the amplitude of variability of 0.04 ± 0.001 mag.
According to the results of the simulations, the best fit to the observed SED is provided by model А, which considers the contribution
to the radiation from all galaxy components, assuming that the galaxy nucleus is inactive. Within this model, we derived the stellar
mass Mstar = 2.13 × 10 10 M Sun , the dust mass Mdust = 8.45 × 10 7 M Sun, and the star formation rate SFR = 1.76 MSun/year with
χ2/d.o.f = 1.8. Also, based on the HIPASS radio data, we estimated the mass of neutral hydrogen to be MH I = 1.3 × 1010 M Sun , which
is an order of magnitude greater than the mass of the stellar component.
COMPOSITION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PERMANENT PLANETS OF THE EARTH GROUP INTO A SINGLE PLANETARY COORDINATE SYSTEM
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Fys M. M. , Brydun A. M. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Demkiv I. I. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Khometa T. M. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University,   Ukrainian Academy of Printing
Published: February 2025

Two groups of quantities characterize planets as celestial bodies: dynamic compression and parameters of the planet’s external
gravitational field are specified in different coordinate systems. But modern inquiries of natural sciences about the planets,
including the Earth, require the joint application of these parameters, which requires their presentation in a single coordinate
system. In most cases, the coefficients of the expansion of the gravitational field to this day are brought to the coordinate system
associated with the principal axes of the planetary ellipsoid, in which the dynamic compression is assigned. It is more logical
to do the opposite: to express the dynamic compression of the planet in its general planetary rectangular coordinate system,
leaving the coefficients of the expansion of the gravitational field in a series unchanged. This significantly reduces the number
of calculations and errors when reducing to the planetary coordinate system, which is becoming increasingly used in practice
due to its use in GPS technologies. The paper presents the formula for the dynamic compression of the planet due to all ten-
sors of the second order of the gravitational field of the celestial bodies of the Earth group of the Solar System. The parameters
have been reduced to a single rectangular coordinate system for these planets. For specific models of the gravitational field of
the planets, we defined the proportionality coefficients with which the inertia tensors are included. Using the example of the
planet Earth, the possibility of application in constructing three-dimensional models of the distribution of masses of the interior
of the celestial body up to and including the second order is shown, and a comparison of density value calculations in two dif-
ferent coordinate systems is performed. The comparison results confirmed the correctness of the reduction algorithm into one
coordinate system. This approach simplifies the interpretation of the obtained results, as it becomes possible to use the available
cartographic materials to visualize the obtained results. This, in turn, makes it possible to connect the peculiarities of the distri-
bution of inhomogeneities of the masses of the planets with the geography of the irregularities of the shape of the celestial body.
CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF PUBLIC POLICY IN SPACE ACTIVITIES: DRAFT BASIC PROVISIONS
Authors:   Space Research Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and State Space Agency of Ukraine, Fedorov O. P. , Vasiliev V. V. ,   Ukrainian Association of High-Tech Enterprises and Organizations “KOSMOS”,   Joint Stock Company “Elmiz”, Yatskiv Ya. S. ,   Main Astronomical Observatory of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: February 2025

As a result of the discussion on the state and prospects of space activities in Ukraine, which took place on April 12—13 at the
working meeting “SPACE IN THE TIME OF WAR AND PEACE”, the COSMOS Association and the Space Research Coun-
cil of NASU created an initiative working group on the analysis of space activities to prepare the main provisions of conceptual
documents in the field of space activities. The Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine supported this initia-
tive at a meeting on July 10, 2024. This paper outlines the main provisions of the draft basic document “Conceptual Foundations
of State Policy of Ukraine in the Field of Space Activity”. The work identifies the main problems that need to be solved and, in
particular, emphasizes the new challenges of organizing space activities as a result of Russian aggression against Ukraine. The
initial provisions laid down in the ideology of the approach of the authors are formulated, a short SWOT analysis of the current
state of space activity in Ukraine is given, the idea of introducing a new model of domestic space activity is put forward, a list of
priority steps for introducing such a model is given, guidelines and indicators for achieving the set common goals are formulated.
The analysis of problems, the principles of the formation and implementation of state policy aimed at solving them are set out in
the following sections: characteristics of modern space activities in the world and Ukraine; the state and problems of the exist-
ing competencies of space activities of Ukraine; common goals, priorities, and objectives of space activities in Ukraine; ways of
organizing space activities in Ukraine; priority measures; expected results.
A szerológiai diagnosztika lehetőségei invazív gombafertőzésekben
Authors: Zóka András , Gönczi Márton , Steinhauser Róbert , Bekő Gabriella
Published: February 2025

Az invazív gombafertőzések (többek között: Candida spp.,
Aspergillus spp., Pneumocystis jirovecii,
Cryptococcus spp.) korai felismerése, illetve egyes esetekben
elkülönítésük a kolonizációtól fontos, de a kategorikus döntés nem mindig
könnyű. A gombák sejtfalát felépítő poliszacharid-vegyületek (glükánok,
mannánok) mérése rendszerint nem jár többletinvazivitással, ugyanakkor hasznos
információt képes adni az invazív fertőzésről. Az Aspergillus
spp. galaktomannán sejtfalantigénjeit a klasszikus szerológia módszereivel
mutatjuk ki. Az 1,3-β-D-glükán a Zygomycetes és a
Cryptococcus spp. kivételével fontos és nagy mennyiségben
termelődő sejtfalösszetevő. Kimutatásának standard módszere a tőrfarkú rák
amoebocytáinak lizátumában végbemenő koagulációs folyamat kvantitatív mérése
vagy ennek módosított változata, tehát nem klasszikus szerológiai
(antigén-antitest kapcsolaton alapuló) módszer. Mindkét marker kimutatására
számos új, illetve továbbfejlesztett módszer és termék jelent meg az utolsó
európai, illetve amerikai irányelvek publikálása óta, és hatékonyságukról is
egyre több biztató adatot kapunk. Érdemesnek láttuk ezeket feldolgozott formában
a szakmai közösség elé tárni, hogy ezzel megkönnyíthessük a diagnosztikus
lehetőségek áttekintését és a várható hatékonyság felmérését. Munkánkban
kitérünk esetlegesen szóba jövő további antigén- és antitestalapú vizsgálati
lehetőségekre is, amelyek mérsékelt égövön relevanciával bírhatnak. Orv Hetil.
2024; 166(7): 243–252.
A nem gestatiós eredetű béta-hCG-termelés rejtélyének megfejtése: primer choriocarcinoma a tüdőben
Authors: Fürich Antónia , Rózsa Dorottya , Bogyó Levente , Tihanyi Hanna , Madarász Mária , Molnár Gizella , Gérecz Balázs , Belics Zorán , Hupuczi Petronella
Published: February 2025

A choriocarcinoma többnyire igen agresszív, rosszindulatú daganat, amely
syncytiotrophoblast-sejtek elfajulásából keletkezik, és béta-humán chorialis
gonadotropint (béta-hCG) termel. A leggyakrabban gestatiós eredetű, de ritkán
előfordul a terhességtől független, primeren extragenitalis lokalizációjú, ún.
nem gestatiós choriocarcinoma is, amely a pluripotens csírasejtekből keletkezik.
A tüdő elsődleges choriocarcinomája rendkívül ritkán fordul elő, az pedig
irodalmi ritkaság, hogy veseáttétet ad, mint 43 éves betegünkben, akiről
esetleírásunkban beszámolunk. Ismertetjük az ismeretlen lokalizációjú
hormontermelő szövet kiderítése során a diagnózisig vezető utat és a daganat
hisztopatológiai diagnosztikáját a lobectomiás és a nephrectomiás áttétes
mintákból, valamint a tüdőtumor molekuláris genetikai tisztázását. A daganatokat
sikerült exstirpálni, majd a beteget adjuváns kemo- és immunterápiában
(monoklonális programozott sejthalál receptor-1 [PD1]-gátló antitesttel)
részesíteni. A páciens meggyógyult, egészségi állapotát képalkotó eljárásokkal
és béta-hCG-meghatározásokkal követjük nyomon. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(7):
272–275.
Proximate Composition and Physio- Chemical Parameters of Cassava Peel Ensiled with Banana Leaves and Dried Poultry Waste
Authors:   Department of Animal production technology, Oyo state college of agriculture and technology, Igboora, Oyo state, Okunlola O.O. , Alalade J.A. ,   Department of Animal production technology, Oyo state college of agriculture and technology, Igboora, Oyo state, Olorunnisomo O.A. ,   Department of animal science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Emiola C. B. ,   Department of Animal production technology, Oyo state college of agriculture and technology, Igboora, Oyo state, Muraina T.O. ,   Department of Animal production technology, Oyo state college of agriculture and technology, Igboora, Oyo state, Oladeji O. M. ,   Department of Animal production technology, Oyo state college of agriculture and technology, Igboora, Oyo state
Published: February 2025

The study was carried out to determine the physio- chemical parameters, mineral composition and chemical composition of silage. Cassava peel, poultry litter and banana leaves were ensiled for 28 days in four treatments S0, S1, S2 and S3 respectively. S0-100% cassava peel, S1,70%cassava peel+30% poultry litter, S2,70% cassava peel+30% dried poultry waste, S3,40% cassava peel +40%banana leaf+20% dried poultry waste. Result for chemical composition of silage during the experiment shows that S2 has the highest value for dry matter (50.21) and S0 had the lowest value (25.10). S1 had the highest value for crude protein (23.55) and highest of crude fibre (42.70). The pH of the silage ranged from 4.0 -4.4The result for mineral composition of the silage showed that S1 had the highest Calcium (Ca) content of 330.0mg/100g while S0, S2, and S3 showed similarities in values recorded respectively (230.3mh/100g, 250.0mg/100g and 240.0mg/100g). The values for Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) were relatively low. Based on the results of the research, it could be concluded that ensiling of cassava peels, banana leaves and dried poultry waste could be adopted and best utilized as supplementation of feeds for ruminant animals.
Nutrient Compositions and Optimization of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Stem to Cotton Seed Proportion for the Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) at Ambo Western, Ethiopia.
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences,   Ambo University, Ethiopia., Gurmessa Tesema , Asefa Keneni ,   Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences,   Ambo University, Ethiopia.
Published: February 2025

At present more emphasis has been given to mushroom cultivation for the nutrition and medicinal uses and Agricultural product recycling technology. The aim of this study was to investigate the usability of Pennisetum purpureum stem as major substrate for cultivation of oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) mushroom with supplement of different proportion of cotton seed waste. The culture of the oyster mushroom was maintained on potato dextrose agar, and the spawn was prepared on yellow collared sorghum and sterilized substrate was inoculated with 10% of the spawn wet basis on dry basis of the substrate. The experimental design constitutes ten treatments on the stem of elephant grass with ratios of cotton seed wastes (T1-T10) in three replications. At T4 (70:30) the fastest mycelial grow on the stem of elephant grass and Slowest mycelia extension were observed on T7 (60:40). the highest fresh weight were observed on T4 (70:30) stem of elephant were recorded 1254 g / 500g dry substrate, highest number of fruits recorded on T5 (62) while largest cap diameter (11.5cm) was recorded on T2 of the stem of elephant grass the highest stipe length were recorded on T9 (3.67cm) . The highest biological efficiency observed on T4 (250.5%) on stem of elephant grass. the highest protein contents were recorded on T7 (36.17%) on stem of elephant grass with supplementation of cottonseed wastes and the least one were recorded on T9 (80:20) 16.87%, on the others treatments intermediate number of food contents were recorded. Even though on the stem of elephant grass and the proportion supplementation of cotton seed waste was varied for all the treatments except on T1 treatments make 100% Pennisetum purpureum dry stem were made. Over all, the results of the study showed that the Pennisetum purpureum stem supplemented with cotton seed wastes can be gave highest yield and yield related parameters of oyster mushroom. The results of the present study implies to carry out further research on the optimization of Pleurotus ostreatus production using two or more type of substrates tested in this experiment.
Determinants of Productivity among Catfish Farmers in Niger State, Nigeria
Authors:   Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, P. M. B. 1500, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria., Iwu I.M. , Adewole O.E. ,   Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moore Plantation, Ibadan, Ishie D.N. ,   Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moore Plantation, Ibadan, Arowolo K.O. ,   Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, P. M. B. 1500, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria.
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted to investigate the determinants of productivity among catfish farmers in Niger State, Nigeria. Borgu Local Government Area was purposively selected because catfish farming is largely practiced in the area. Within the area, data were collected with the aid of well-structured questionnaires administered randomly to 120 fish farmers using the two-stage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, Total Factor Productivity Analysis and Ordinary Least Square Regression Model were used to isolate the factors that affect fish farmers’ productivity in the area. Majority of the farmers (93.33%) were males; between ages of 41-60 years (72.5%); married (85.84%); with household size of 1 to 6 (74.17%) and had secondary education (74.17%). Most of the respondents stocked their fish in ponds with sizes ranging from 101M2 to 150M2 (40.83%) or 151M2 to 200M2 (39.17%). More so, 69.17% of the respondents’ ponds were hired / leased and only 14.17% of them funded their production basically with loans. 55% of them combined personal savings and loans to fund the production whereas the rest 37 (30.83%) made use of only personal savings. The result showed that only 6 (5%) of the respondents had Total Factor Productivity (TFP)<1, and only 12(10%) had TFP = 1. Majority (75) of them (62.5%) had TFP between 1.01 and 2.00, while 27 (22.5%) had TFP>2. The result of Double Log Production Function showed that the coefficients of pond size (per 10M2) and quantity of feed (per 0.1 tons) were statistically significant at 1% p>1, while that of farming experience was significant at 5% (p>5), all with positive coefficients. The adjusted R-squared of 0.8241 explained the coefficient of variation of the catfish farmers’ productivity model. It is recommended that farmers in the study area should be provided with more irrigation facilities in order to provide sustainable impoundment for more ponds as well as cheap / subsidized feed, and adequate training / extension education that could compensate for low level of experience among majority of them.
Association Between Religious Index and Risky Non-Sexual Behaviors Among Adolescents Of The University of Bohol
Authors: Tirol Ryan Christian , Namoc Janice Aurora
Published: February 2025

This study examines the link between religious index and risky non-sexual behaviors among adolescents at the University of Bohol in the Philippines. Data were gathered using a quantitative correlational research approach, with modified questionnaires measuring demographic information, religious practices, and risky non-sexual behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and substance misuse. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to investigate the correlation between the Religious Practice Index and risky non-sexual behaviors in a sample of 378 respondents. The study found a significant inverse correlation between religious practice and both smoking and alcohol intake, implying that higher religiosity is connected with healthier lifestyle choices. Notably, no significant association was identified between religious practice and drug use, implying that religiosity's protective benefits may differ depending on behavior. Furthermore, the effect of living arrangements on teenage risky behaviors was highlighted, with those who lived with their parents having lower rates of substance abuse. These findings highlight the relevance of promoting religious engagement as a potential protective factor in reducing risky non-sexual behaviors among adolescents.
Influence Of Parenting Styles on Risk-Taking BehaviorsOf Youth in Tagbilaran City
Authors: Jumawid Jennifer , Namoc Janice Aurora , Borbano Evamy
Published: February 2025

Youth is a critical transitional phase from childhood to adulthood, characterized by distinct physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development, where the influence of parenting styles plays a crucial role in shaping adolescents' risk-taking behaviors and overall health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the influence of parenting styles on the risk-taking behaviors of youth in Tagbilaran City. The researchers used the quantitative-descriptive research method using the standardized questionnaire authored by Dr. Leah Wilfreda E. Pilongo. It was conducted across 15 barangays in Tagbilaran City, targeting a youth population of 19,151, with a sample size of 389 respondents, to ensure a broad analysis of the factors influencing their development. The researchers conducted the study following the "do no harm principle." The data were subjected to Pearson Chi-Square Tests to analyze the specified variables. The analysis of the data on parenting styles on sexual risk-taking behaviors of youths in Tagbilaran City indicates that permissive parenting styles—both from mothers and fathers—are associated with higher levels of sexual risk-taking behaviors among youths. In contrast, supportive and affectionate parenting styles do not consistently correlate with these behaviors. Trust appears to have a distinctive influence, especially regarding unprotected sex. These results underscore the intricacies of parental influence on youth behavior and suggest that different dimensions of parenting styles can have varying impacts on youth's decisions related to sexual health.
Exploring The Financial Journeys Among Parents and Teachers in University of Bohol Adopted Communities
Authors: Magallen Jerome , Fortich Jelinda , Jamero Jasmin
Published: February 2025

Financial literacy and management profoundly impact individuals' economic prosperity and general welfare. However, the personal experience underlying financial literacy and management practices has been inadequately investigated, especially among parents and teachers in community environments. This qualitative study, Exploring the Financial Journeys Among Parents and Teachers in University of Bohol Adopted Communities, investigates the role of financial literacy and financial management practices in shaping the lives of teachers and parents within these communities. This study explores how individuals perceive the significance of financial literacy, techniques to boost their monetary knowledge, and the impediment to economic security, particularly for parents juggling several dependents with restricted budgets and teachers balancing private finances with professional duties. This study identifies key strategies participants use to increase their financial literacy through targeted group conversations, including joining savings organizations and looking for additional income. There are still issues, though, such as low income, dependency on loans, and restricted or limited access to financial education. The study also reveals how institutions like the University of Bohol can make a substantial contribution to the development of financial literacy by designing programs, seminars, or training that are specifically targeted to fulfill the needs of the community, offering a supportive financial ecosystem, encouraging community-based financial efforts, and offering easily accessible, valuable programs are some suggestions for advancing financial literacy.