bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral mandibular block improves pain relief and morphine consumption in mandibular osteotomies: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bertuit Marina , Rapido Francesca , Ly Habib , Vannucci Charlotte , Ridolfo Jérôme , Molinari Nicolas , De Boutray Marie , Galmiche Sophie , Dadure Christophe , Perrigault Pierre-François , Capdevila Xavier , Chanques Gérald
Published: February 2021

Background

The sensory innervation of the lower jaw mainly depends on the third root of the trigeminal nerve, the mandibular nerve (V3). The aim of this single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bilateral V3 block for postoperative analgesia management in mandibular osteotomies.

Methods

107 patients undergoing mandibular surgery (75 scheduled osteotomies and 32 mandible fractures) were randomized in two groups. A bilateral V3 block was performed in each group, either with ropivacaine 0.75% (block group, n=50) or with a placebo (placebo group, n=57). A postoperative multimodal analgesia was equally provided to both groups. The primary outcome was the cumulative morphine consumption at 24 hours. Secondary outcomes were the occurrence of severe pain and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in the first 24 hours. Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis.

Results

The cumulative morphine consumption at 24 hours was significantly lower in the block group (median 8.0 mg (IQR 2.0–21.3) vs 12.0 mg (IQR 8.0–22.0), p=0.03), as well as the incidence of severe pain during the 24 hours of follow-up (4.0% vs 22.8%, p<0.01). The mandibular block had no impact on the incidence of PONV.

Conclusion

Bilateral V3 block for mandibular osteotomies is an effective opioid-sparing procedure. It provided better postoperative analgesia in the first 24 hours, and it did not affect PONV incidence.

Trial registration number

NCT02618993.
Measured pipe stresses on gas pipelines in landslide areas
Authors: Ferreira Nelson J. , Blatz James A.
Published: February 2021

Landslides are a risk to buried gas pipeline infrastructure, but these risks are particularly difficult to assess given the complex nature of landslide movements. This paper presents of portion of research conducted at the University of Manitoba where gas pipelines within active landslide areas were monitored over a 4 year period. Two locations were examined in western Manitoba within the Assiniboine River Valley where a shallow natural gas pipeline runs parallel to the valley slope. A field investigation and monitoring program was undertaken where surficial ground movements and soil and pipe temperatures and pipe strains through strain gauges were measured. Monitoring results identified soil near the pipeline does not freeze, and ground movements are <50 mm/year. The monitoring results also showed pipe stresses and behaviour were affected by backfilling, thermal changes, soil−pipe relaxation, and ground movements. An unexpected outcome of the research was the response of the pipeline to slight ground movements was easily captured by the strain gauges and these movements, slow or surges, tended to occur at the same time between the two sites suggesting movements occur due to regional environmental effects.
Excited states in nucleon structure calculations
Authors: Ottnad Konstantin
Published: February 2021

Excited state contributions represent a formidable challenge for hadron structure calculations in lattice QCD. For physical systems that exhibit an exponential signal-to-noise problem they often hinder the extraction of ground state matrix elements, introducing a major source of systematic error in lattice calculations of such quantities. The development of methods to treat the contribution of excited states and the current status of related lattice studies are reviewed with focus on nucleon structure calculations that are notoriously affected by excited state contamination.
Interplay of electric field and disorder in Dirac liquid silicene
Authors: Craco L. , Carara S. S. , Leoni S.
Published: February 2021

Layered materials with buckled structure offer a promising route to explore distinct phases of quantum matter. Using GGA + DMFT we reveal the complex interplay between perpendicular electric field and site-diagonal disorder in the Dirac liquid electronic state of silicene. The electronic structure we derive is promising in the sense that it leads to results that might explain why out-of-plane electric field plus moderate disorder can generate marginal Dirac valleys consistent with scanning tunneling spectroscopy of silicene on Ag substrates.

Graphic Abstract
Improving heavy dijet resonance searches using jet substructure at the LHC
Authors: Nayak Aruna Kumar , Rai Santosh Kumar , Samui Tousik
Published: February 2021

The search for new physics at high energy accelerators has been at the crossroads with very little hint of signals suggesting otherwise. The challenges at a hadronic machine such as the LHC is compounded by the fact that final states are swamped with jets which one needs to understand and unravel. A positive step in this direction would be to separate the jets in terms of their gluonic and quark identities, much in a similar spirit of distinguishing heavy quark jets from light quark jets that has helped in improving searches for both neutral and charged Higgs bosons at the LHC. In this work, we utilise this information using the jet substructure techniques to comment on possible improvements in sensitivity as well as discrimination of new resonances in the all hadronic mode that would be crucial in pinning down new physics signals at HL-LHC, HE-LHC and any future 100 TeV hadron collider.
Diphoton decay of the higgs from the Epstein–Glaser viewpoint
Authors: Duch Paweł , Dütsch Michael , Gracia-Bondía José M.
Published: February 2021

We revisit a nearly 10-year old controversy on the diphoton decay of the Higgs particle. To a large extent, the controversy turned around the respective merits of the regularization techniques employed. The novel aspect of our approach is thatnoregularization techniques are brought to bear: we work within the Bogoliubov–Epstein–Glaser scheme of renormalization by extension of distributions. Solving the problem actually required an expansion of this method’s toolkit, furnished in the paper.
General approach to the Lagrangian ambiguity in f(R, T) gravity
Authors: Carvalho G. A. , Rocha F. , Oliveira H. O. , Lobato R. V.
Published: February 2021

The f(R, T) gravity is a theory whose gravitational action depends arbitrarily on the Ricci scalar, R, and the trace of the stress–energy tensor, T; its field equations also depend on matter Lagrangian, $$\mathscr {L}_{m}$$

L
m

. In the modified theories of gravity where field equations depend on Lagrangian, there is no uniqueness on the Lagrangian definition and the dynamics of the gravitational and matter fields can be different depending on the choice performed. In this work, we have eliminated the $$\mathscr {L}_{m}$$

L
m

dependence from f(R, T) gravity field equations by generalizing the approach of Moraes in Ref. [1]. We also propose a general approach where we argue that the trace of the energy–momentum tensor must be considered an “unknown” variable of the field equations. The trace can only depend on fundamental constants and few inputs from the standard model. Our proposal resolves two limitations: first the energy–momentum tensor of the f(R, T) gravity is not the perfect fluid one; second, the Lagrangian is not well-defined. As a test of our approach we applied it to the study of the matter era in cosmology, and the theory can successfully describe a transition between a decelerated Universe to an accelerated one without the need for dark energy.
Fluid dynamics in the warp drive spacetime geometry
Authors: Santos-Pereira Osvaldo L. , Abreu Everton M. C. , Ribeiro Marcelo B.
Published: February 2021

The Alcubierre warp drive metric is a spacetime geometry featuring a spacetime distortion, called a warp bubble, where a massive particle inside it acquires global superluminal velocities, or warp speeds. This work presents solutions of the Einstein equations for the Alcubierre metric having fluid matter as gravity source. The energy–momentum tensor considered has two fluid contents, the perfect fluid and the parametrized perfect fluid (PPF), a tentative more flexible model whose aim is to explore the possibilities of warp drive solutions with positive matter density content. Santos-Pereira et al. (Eur Phys J C 80:786, 2020) already showed that the Alcubierre metric having dust as source connects this geometry to the Burgers equation, which describes shock waves moving through an inviscid fluid, but led the solutions back to vacuum. The same happened for two out of four solutions subcases for the perfect fluid. Other solutions for the perfect fluid indicate the possibility of warp drive with positive matter density, but at the cost of a complex solution for the warp drive regulating function. Regarding the PPF, solutions were also obtained indicating that warp speeds could be created with positive matter density. Weak, dominant, strong and null energy conditions were calculated for all studied subcases, being satisfied for the perfect fluid and creating constraints in the PPF quantities such that a positive matter density is also possible for creating a warp bubble. Summing up all results, energy–momentum tensors describing more complex forms of matter or field distributions generate solutions for the Einstein equations with the warp drive metric where a negative matter density might not be a strict precondition for attaining warp speeds.
Hadronic vacuum-polarization contribution to various QED observables
Authors: Karshenboim Savely G. , Shelyuto Valery A.
Published: February 2021

Due to precision tests of quantum electrodynamics (QED), determination of accurate values of fundamental constants, and constraints on new physics, it is important in a consistent way to evaluate a number of QED observables such as the Lamb shift in hydrogen-like atomic systems. Even in a pure leptonic case, those QED variables are in fact not pure QED ones since hadronic effects are involved through intermediate states while accounting for higher-order effects. One of them is hadronic vacuum polarization (hVP). Complex evaluations often involve a number of QED quantities, for which treatment of hVP is not consistent. The highest accuracy for a calculation of the hVP term is required for the anomalous magnetic moment of a muon. However, a standard data-driven treatment of hVP, based on a dispersion integration of experimental data on electron-positron annihilation to hadrons and some other phenomena, leads to a contradiction with the experimental value of $$a_\mu $$

a
μ

. This experimental value can be considered as an indirect determination of the hVP contribution to $$a_\mu $$

a
μ

and the scatter of theory and experiment allows one to obtain a conservative estimation of the related hVP contribution. In this paper, we derive exact and approximate relations between the leading-order (LO) hVP contributions to various observables. Using those relations, we obtain for them a consistent set of the results, based on the scatter of $$a_\mu $$

a
μ

values. While calculating the LO hVP term, we have to remember that next-to-LO (NLO) hVP corrections are often comparable with the uncertainty of the LO term. Special attention is payed to hVP contribution to simple atoms. In particular, we discuss the NLO contribution to the Lamb shift in ordinary and muonic hydrogen and other two-body atoms for $$Z\le 10$$

Z
≤
10

. We also consider the NLO contribution of the muonic vacuum polarization to the Lamb shift in hydrogen-like atoms. With the $$a_\mu $$

a
μ

puzzle unresolved, one may still require present-days values of the hVP contributions to various observable for comparison to experiment etc. the presence of contradicting values and a lack of consistency means an additional uncertainty for $$a_\mu $$

a
μ

and for key contributions to it, including the LO hVP one. We present here an estimation of such a propagated uncertainty in hVP contributions to different QED observables and recommend a consistent set of the related LO hVP contributions.

Graphic Abstract
Anomalous diffraction of matter waves with minimal quantum metasurfaces
Authors: Valagiannopoulos Constantinos
Published: February 2021

In the last few years, there is a huge upsurge in the number of closed deals regarding quantum technologies for materials, computing, communication and instrumentation. Such a trend has inevitably affected the research funding market; thus, large state initiatives are taken that are directly expected to drive the formulation of novel research concepts and the development of quantum device prototypes from sensors and circuitry to quantum memory and repeaters. A fundamental operation behind all these applications is the effective steering of electrons, constituting matter waves, along specific directions and with certain magnitudes, due to development of various reflective and refractive orders. The objective of this study is to optimize the simplest structure that supports such anomalous diffraction, namely a quantum metasurface comprising cylindrical rods embedded in suitable crystalline matter. Several highly-performing designs from these minimal setups are proven to work exceptionally as multiport components, employable to a variety of quantum engineering implementations.
Exploiting the wide dynamic range of silicon photomultipliers for quantum optics applications
Authors: Cassina Silvia , Allevi Alessia , Mascagna Valerio , Prest Michela , Vallazza Erik , Bondani Maria
Published: February 2021

Silicon photomultipliers are photon-number-resolving detectors endowed with hundreds of cells enabling them to reveal high-populated quantum optical states. In this paper, we address such a goal by showing the possible acquisition strategies that can be adopted and discussing their advantages and limitations. In particular, we determine the best acquisition solution in order to properly reveal the nature, either classical or nonclassical, of mesoscopic quantum optical states.
Preparing Better Samples for Cryo–Electron Microscopy: Biochemical Challenges Do Not End with Isolation and Purification
Authors: Glaeser Robert M.
Published: February 2021

The preparation of extremely thin samples, which are required for high-resolution electron microscopy, poses extreme risk of damaging biological macromolecules due to interactions with the air-water interface. Although the rapid increase in the number of published structures initially gave little indication that this was a problem, the search for methods that substantially mitigate this hazard is now intensifying. The two main approaches under investigation are ( a) immobilizing particles onto structure-friendly support films and ( b) reducing the length of time during which such interactions may occur. While there is little possibility of outrunning diffusion to the interface, intentional passivation of the interface may slow the process of adsorption and denaturation. In addition, growing attention is being given to gaining more effective control of the thickness of the sample prior to vitrification.
Smartphones and the Neuroscience of Mental Health
Authors: Gillan Claire M. , Rutledge Robb B.
Published: February 2021

Improvements in understanding the neurobiological basis of mental illness have unfortunately not translated into major advances in treatment. At this point, it is clear that psychiatric disorders are exceedingly complex and that, in order to account for and leverage this complexity, we need to collect longitudinal data sets from much larger and more diverse samples than is practical using traditional methods. We discuss how smartphone-based research methods have the potential to dramatically advance our understanding of the neuroscience of mental health. This, we expect, will take the form of complementing lab-based hard neuroscience research with dense sampling of cognitive tests, clinical questionnaires, passive data from smartphone sensors, and experience-sampling data as people go about their daily lives. Theory- and data-driven approaches can help make sense of these rich data sets, and the combination of computational tools and the big data that smartphones make possible has great potential value for researchers wishing to understand how aspects of brain function give rise to, or emerge from, states of mental health and illness.
Review—Betavoltaic Cell: The Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Zhou Chunlin , Zhang Jinsong , Wang Xu , Yang Yushu , Xu Pan , Li Peixian , Zhang Lu , Chen Zhiyuan , Feng Huanran , Wu Weiwei
Published: February 2021

In recent years, betavoltaic batteries have become an ideal power source for micro electromechanical systems. Betavoltaic battery is a device that converts the decay energy of beta emitting radioisotope sources into electrical energy using transducers. They have the advantages of high energy density, long service life, strong anti-interference ability, small size, light weight, easy miniaturization and integration, thus it has become a research hotspot in the field of micro energy. However, to date, the low energy conversion efficiencies as well as technological limitations of betavoltaic batteries impede their further application. In this review, the theory of betavoltaic energy conversion and recent understanding of the ideal material and structure design of the betavoltaic batteries for efficient exciton production, dissociation and charge transport is described, as well as recent attempts to realize optimum results. This review article concludes by identifying the remaining challenges for the improvement of battery performance and by providing perspectives toward real application of betavoltaic batteries.
Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Key Quality-Related Metabolites in Kernels of Sweet Corn
Authors: Yang Ruichun , Li Yunfeng , Zhang Yuanyuan , Huang Jun , Liu Junjie , Lin Zimei , Yu Qinqin , Wu Aimin , Wang Bo
Published: February 2021

Sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata var. rugosa) is a major economic vegetable crop. Different sweet corn cultivars vary largely in flavor, texture, and nutrition. The present study performed widely targeted metabolomics analysis based on the HPLC-MS/MS technology to analyze the metabolic profiles in three sweet corn cultivars widely grown in China. A total of 568 metabolites in the three sweet corn cultivars were detected, of which 262 differential metabolites significantly changed among cultivars. Carbohydrates, organic acids, and amino acids were the majority detected primary metabolites. Organic acids were mainly concentrated on shikimate, benzoic acids, and quinic acid with aromatic groups. And the essential amino acids for the human body, methionine and threonine, were highly accumulated in the high-quality cultivar. In addition, phenylpropanoids and alkaloids were the most enriched secondary metabolites while terpenes were low-detected in sweet corn kernels. We found that the flavonoids exist in both free form and glycosylated form in sweet corn kernels. PCA and HCA revealed clear separations among the three sweet corn cultivars, suggesting distinctive metabolome profiles among three cultivars. The differential metabolites were mapped into flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, and other pathways according to the KEGG classification. Furthermore, we identified skimmin, N

′

,N

″

-diferuloylspermidine, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid as the key quality-related metabolites related to grain quality traits in sweet corn. The results suggested variations of metabolic composition among the three cultivars, providing the reference quality-related metabolites for sweet corn breeding.
Peripheral Blood Cells from Patients with Hodgkin’s and Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphomas May Be a Better Source of Candidate Diagnostic miRNAs Than Circulating miRNAs
Authors: Paszkiewicz-Kozik Ewa , Paziewska Agnieszka , Kulecka Maria , Dąbrowska Michalina , Kluska Anna , Bałabas Aneta , Piątkowska Magdalena , Ambrożkiewicz Filip , Tajer Joanna , Osiadacz Włodzimierz , Romejko-Jarosińska Joanna , Kotarska Martyna , Żeber-Lubecka Natalia , Karczmarski Jakub , Popławska Lidia , Mikula Michał , Rutkowski Piotr , Walewski Jan , Ostrowski Jerzy
Published: February 2021

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represent 15% and 20%, respectively, of all lymphoma types. The aim of this study was to identify and compare circulating serum miRNA (c‐miRNA) and peripheral whole blood miRNA (wb‐miRNA) profiles in patients with these lymphomas. Serum samples (20 HL, 21 DLBCL, and 30 healthy controls) and whole blood samples (21 HL, 17 DLBCL patients, and 30 healthy controls) were collected at the time of diagnosis. Serum and whole blood were also collected from 18 HL/17 DLBCL and eight HL/nine DLBCL patients, respectively, after treatment. Pairwise comparisons identified 125 c‐miRNAs (adjusted P value < 0.05) showing significant dysregulation between 30 healthy controls and patients; of these, 47 and 55 differentiated controls from pretherapeutic HL and DLBCL patients, respectively. In addition, 60 and 16 c‐miRNAs differentiated controls from posttherapeutic HL and DLBCL, respectively. Pairwise comparisons identified 292 wb‐miRNAs (adjusted P value < 0.05) showing significant dysregulation between 30 controls and patients; of these, 103 and 169 differentiated controls from pretherapeutic HL and DLBCL, respectively, and 142 and 151 wb‐miRNAs differentiated controls from posttherapeutic HL and DLBCL, respectively. Thus, lymphoma‐associated miRNAs may be a better source of noninvasive candidate biomarkers than miRNAs in serum. It is unclear whether miRNA alterations in lymphoma cells are similar to those observed in white blood cells.
Chemoradiotherapy and Increased Prescription Dose in Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Pan Xiaofen , Liao Mingchu , Ma Hongmei , Jiang Xiaobing , Huang Hanwen , Wei Min , Li Qun
Published: February 2021

To analyze the outcomes and adverse events of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with definitive chemoradiation with modified radiotherapy volume and increased radiation dose. This was a retrospective analysis of patients with ESCC treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy at the Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center (02/2015 to 02/2017). The dose to the planning gross tumor volume (PGTV) and planning clinical tumor volume (PTV1) was 66‐68 Gy (2.0‐2.2 Gy/fraction). The dose to the planning regional lymph node drainage area volume (PTV2) was 46 Gy (2.0 Gy/fraction). Treatment response, adverse events, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and locoregional failure‐free survival (LRFFS) were analyzed. Twenty‐six patients were included. The median follow‐up was 31 (range, 4.3‐51.3) months. Sixteen (61.5%) patients had a complete response, and four (15.4%) achieved a partial response. The objective response rate was 76.9%, and the disease control rate was 80.8%. The median PFS and OS were not achieved. The 4‐year PFS was 63.9%, and the 4‐year OS was 71.0%. Grade 1‐2 and 3‐4 radiation‐related esophagitis was observed in 15 (57.7%) and one (4.5%) patients, respectively. Grade 1‐2 and 3‐4 radiation‐related pneumonitis was observed in 12 (46.2%) and one (4.5%) patients, respectively. No patients developed radiation‐related heart or skin damage. The modified target volume definition and increased dose of definitive radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy in patients with ESCC had low toxicity and might improve survival, but additional trials are necessary to prove the superiority of this strategy.
Application of 3D Printing‐Assisted Articulating Spacer in Two‐Stage Revision Surgery for Periprosthetic Infection after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Kong Lingtong , Mei Jiawei , Ge Wufei , Jin Xiansheng , Chen Xiaoxuan , Zhang Xianzuo , Zhu Chen
Published: February 2021

Background. Bone cement spacers are widely used in two‐stage revision surgeries for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total knee arthroplasty. Current spacer design results in insufficient release of drugs; therefore, current spacers have low efficacy. In this study, we explored a set of alternative articular spacer using 3D printing technology. This novel spacer will increase effectiveness of revision surgery for PJI. Methods. The spacer was designed using CAD software and constructed on site using 3D‐printed silicone mold during debridement surgery. We carried out a retrospective study among patients undergoing treatment using traditional static and new articular spacers. Infection control rate, bone loss, difficulty of revision surgery, knee joint range of motion, function evaluation, and subjective satisfaction of the patients in the two groups were compared. Results. Forty‐two patients undergoing knee revision surgery between Jan 2014 and Nov 2019 were included in this study. Twenty‐two patients were treated with static antibiotic cement spacers, whereas the other twenty patients were with treated with 3D printing‐assisted antibiotic loaded articulating spacers. Patients in the articular group showed significantly lower bone loss on the femur site and tibial site compared with patients in the static group. In addition, patients in the articular group showed significantly less operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and improved knee function and patient overall satisfaction compared with patients in the static group. Conclusions. The 3D printing‐assisted articular spacer provides satisfactory range of motion during the interim period, prevents bone loss, facilitates second‐stage reimplantation and postoperative rehabilitation, and results in low reinfection and complication rates.
Antenatal Depression and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Service in Kochi Health Center, Jimma Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Yonas , Agenagnew Liyew
Published: February 2021

Background. Antenatal depression has immense public health importance, as it can adversely affect both the mother and child health. The problem contributes to the disease burden in both developed and developing countries. Despite this, it is less investigated and not getting the necessary attention in the study setting. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of antenatal depression and associated factors among women attending antenatal care (ANC) service in Kochi Health Center, Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia, 2019. Method. Institutional based cross-sectional survey was conducted on 314 pregnant women attending Kochi Health Center from February 15 to April 15, 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to include the study participants. Antenatal depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) tool. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was done to summarize the dependent and independent variables. Moreover, the chi-square test analysis was done to determine the association between the outcome and explanatory variables. Results. A total of 314 pregnant women participated in the study, making a response rate of 96.7%. The study has revealed a total of 52 (16.6%) of the respondent had antenatal depression. A chi-square test of independence analysis showed a significant association between antenatal depression and marital status, family history of depression, pregnancy planning, history of abortion, social support, and intimate partner violence (

P
<
0.00001

). Conclusion. The study has shown that the prevalence of antenatal depression was high and associated with multiple psychosocial, clinical, and obstetric factors. Therefore, screening pregnant women for depression and the provision of necessary mental health services is recommended to mitigate the adverse health outcome of the problem.
Effect of Growth Regulators on In Vitro Micropropagation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Gudiene and Belete Varieties from Ethiopia
Authors: Hajare Sunil Tulshiram , Chauhan Nitin Mahendra , Kassa Girum
Published: February 2021

Aim. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the important crops in Ethiopia which has a crucial role in nutritional security, poverty alleviation, and income generation. The aim of the present investigation is to develop an efficient in vitro propagation protocol for Belete and Gudiene potato varieties by using lateral bud as explants. Materials and Methods. Shoot initiation was achieved by inoculating buds on full-strength MS Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) fortified with variable concentrations of BAP and NAA. Basal MS was used as control throughout the experiment. Results. Results of our study showed that best shoot initiation was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 3.0 mg/l NAA for Gudiene variety, whereas 1.0 mg/l BAP and 2.0 mg/l NAA produced more shoots in Belete variety. The initiated shoots increased two- to three-fold upon subculture on the MS medium fortified with varying concentrations of BAP and Kinetin. The highest numbers of multiple shoots were obtained in the MS medium containing 2.5 mg/l Kinetin. The combined effect of BAP and Kinetin did not produce any additional positive effect for shoot multiplication. Rooting percentage and number of roots/shoot were found best on the MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l IBA + 0.5 IAA. Conclusions. The variety Gudiene was found best for shoot initiation and root formation, while Belete variety proved its superiority for multiple shoot formation. A total number of 82.66% of plantlets were acclimatized under field conditions. This work indicates the practical applicability of plant tissue culture using lateral bud as explants is effective for micropropagation of potato in vitro.
Analysis of Influence of Stress Lode Angle on Stability of Roadway Surrounding Rock
Authors: Liu Yihong , Zhao Hongbao , Wang Lei , Wang Tao , Ji Dongliang , Liu Rui
Published: February 2021

Based on the variation range of the stress lode angle, the in situ rock stress is divided into σv‐type stress field, σH‐type stress field, and σh‐type stress field. Through theoretical analysis, the principal stress difference distribution law and plastic zone distribution pattern around the roadway in different types of stress fields are obtained. Theoretical and numerical simulation calculation results show that under different stress lode angle conditions, the principal stress difference distribution of the surrounding rock of the roadway is greatly different, which has a direct effect on the shape and range of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock of the roadway. In the σv‐type stress field and the σH‐type stress field, the shape of the plastic zone of the roadway surrounding rock is mainly oval and “butterfly,” while in the σh‐type stress field, the shape of the plastic zone of the roadway surrounding rock is mainly oval. The laboratory test proves that the stress gradient has an important effect on the damage degree of the surrounding rock of the roadway. The larger the stress gradient, the higher the strength of the rock mass and the more severe the damage. The change of the stress lode angle will affect the distribution law of the stress gradient of the surrounding rock of the roadway, thus affecting the degree of fragmentation of the surrounding rock. In type σv and type σH stress fields, the surrounding rock of the shoulder can be regarded as a key part of the roadway. In the σh‐type stress field, the plastic zones of the surrounding rocks of the roadway are more evenly distributed, and the damage range is less affected by θ. The influence law of the stress lode angle on the stability of the roadway has been well verified by field observation, and effective support measures have been proposed.
Duality of Large Fock Spaces in Several Complex Variables and Compact Localization Operators
Authors: Liu Youqi , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: February 2021

In this paper, dual spaces of large Fock spaces

F

ϕ

p

with

0
<
p
<
∞

are characterized. Also, algebraic properties and equivalent conditions for compactness of weakly localized operators are obtained on

F

ϕ

p

0
<
p

<

∞

.
Focus on Depression in Parkinson’s Disease: A Delphi Consensus of Experts in Psychiatry, Neurology, and Geriatrics
Authors: Agüera-Ortiz Luis , García-Ramos Rocío , Grandas Pérez Francisco J. , López-Álvarez Jorge , Montes Rodríguez José Manuel , Olazarán Rodríguez F. Javier , Olivera Pueyo Javier , Pelegrín Valero Carmelo , Porta-Etessam Jesús
Published: February 2021

Major and minor forms of depression are significant contributors to Parkinson’s disease morbidity and caregiver burden, affecting up to 50% of these patients. Nonetheless, symptoms of depression are still underrecognized and undertreated in this context due to scarcity of evidence and, consequently, consistent clinical guideline recommendations. Here, we carried out a prospective, multicentre, 2-round modified Delphi survey with 49 questions about the aetiopathological mechanisms of depression in Parkinson’s disease (10), clinical features and connections with motor and nonmotor symptoms (10), diagnostic criteria (5), and therapeutic options (24). Items were assessed by a panel of 37 experts (neurologists, psychiatrists, and a geriatrist), and consensus was achieved in 81.6% of them. Depressive symptoms, enhanced by multiple patient circumstances, were considered Parkinson’s disease risk factors but not clinical indicators of motor symptom and disease progression. These patients should be systematically screened for depression while ruling out both anhedonia and apathy symptoms as they are not necessarily linked to it. Clinical scales (mainly the Geriatric Depression Scale GDS-15) can help establishing the diagnosis of depression, the symptoms of which will require treatment regardless of severity. Efficacious and well-tolerated pharmacological options for Parkinson’s comorbid depression were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (especially sertraline), dual-action serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, and duloxetine), multimodal (vortioxetine, bupropion, mirtazapine, and tianeptine), and anti-Parkinsonian dopamine agonists (pramipexole, ropinirole, and rotigotine). Tricyclic antidepressants and combining type B monoamine oxidase inhibitors with serotonergic drugs have serious side effects in these patients and therefore should not be prescribed. Electroconvulsive therapy was indicated for severe and drug-refractory cases. Cognitive behavioural therapy was recommended in cases of mild depression. Results presented here are useful diagnostic and patient management guidance for other physicians and important considerations to improve future drug trial design.
Two‐Agent Single Machine Order Acceptance Scheduling Problem to Maximize Net Revenue
Authors: Li Jiaji , Gajpal Yuvraj , Bhardwaj Amit Kumar , Chen Huangen , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: February 2021

The paper considers two‐agent order acceptance scheduling problems with different scheduling criteria. Two agents have a set of jobs to be processed by a single machine. The processing time and due date of each job are known in advance. In the order accepting scheduling problem, jobs are allowed to be rejected. The objective of the problem is to maximize the net revenue while keeping the weighted number of tardy jobs for the second agent within a predetermined value. A mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) formulation is provided to obtain the optimal solution. The problem is considered as an NP-hard problem. Therefore, MILP can be used to solve small problem instances optimally. To solve the problem instances with realistic size, heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms have been proposed. A heuristic method is used to determine and secure a quick solution while the metaheuristic based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is designed to obtain the near‐optimal solution. A numerical experiment is piloted and conducted on the benchmark instances that could be obtained from the literature. The performances of the proposed algorithms are tested through numerical experiments. The proposed PSO can obtain the solution within 0.1% of the optimal solution for problem instances up to 60 jobs. The performance of the proposed PSO is found to be significantly better than the performance of the heuristic.
Estimating the Impact of Land Cover Change on Soil Erosion Using Remote Sensing and GIS Data by USLE Model and Scenario Design
Authors: Fu Anmin , Cai Yulin , Sun Tao , Li Feng
Published: February 2021

Great efforts have been made to curb soil erosion and restore the natural environment to Inner Mongolia in China. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of returning farmland to the forest on soil erosion on a regional scale. Considering that rainfall erosivity also has an important impact on soil erosion, the effect of land use and land cover change (LUCC) on soil erosion was evaluated through scenario construction. Firstly, the universal soil loss equation (USLE) model was used to evaluate the actual soil erosion (2001 and 2010). Secondly, two scenarios (scenario 1 and scenario 2) were constructed by assuming that the land cover and rainfall-runoff erosivity are fixed, respectively, and soil erosion under different scenarios was estimated. Finally, the effect of LUCC on soil erosion was evaluated by comparing the soil erosion under actual situations with the hypothetical scenarios. The results show that both land use/cover change and rainfall-runoff erosivity change have significant effects on soil erosion. The land use and land cover change initiated by the ecological restoration projects have obviously reduced the soil erosion in this area. The results also reveal that the method proposed in this paper is helpful to clarify the influencing factors of soil erosion.
Clinical Features of False-Negative Early Gastric Cancers: A Retrospective Study of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Cases
Authors: Oka Kohei , Iwai Naoto , Okuda Takashi , Hara Tasuku , Inada Yutaka , Tsuji Toshifumi , Komaki Toshiyuki , Sakagami Junichi , Naito Yuji , Kagawa Keizo , Itoh Yoshito
Published: February 2021

Background. We frequently encounter early gastric cancer (EGC) that could not be detected in the previous esophagogastroduodenoscopy even if the procedure was annually performed. However, little evidence exists regarding the characteristics of false-negative EGCs. Our aim was to reveal the clinical features of false-negative EGCs. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed cases of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for EGCs in Fukuchiyama City Hospital between January 2013 and May 2019. False-negative EGCs were defined as EGCs within 3 years of negative endoscopy. We evaluated the clinical characteristics of false-negative and initially detected EGCs and the difference in the detected and last missed endoscopy in false-negative EGCs. The miss rates of false-negative EGCs were compared between trainees (nonboard-certified endoscopists) and experienced endoscopists (board-certified endoscopists); thereafter, the characteristics of false-negative EGCs missed by trainees were investigated. Results. Of 219 cases, 119 were classified as false-negative EGCs. False-negative EGCs were characterized as smaller lesions, which presented with normal color or gastritis-like appearance, and were diagnosed after ESD and H. pylori eradication (

P
<
0.01

). The rate of trainees in the last missed endoscopy was significantly higher than that in the detected endoscopy. The miss rate of false-negative EGC by trainees was higher than that of experienced endoscopists but not significantly different (0.70% vs. 0.57%,

P
=
0.08

). The false-negative EGCs missed by trainees were characterized as reddish or well-differentiated lesions, which were located in the lower or lesser curvature of the stomach (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The characteristics of false-negative EGCs were similar to those of H. pylori-eradicated EGC. Procedures with shortened examination time and those performed by trainees were risk factors of missing false-negative EGCs. Trainees should pay attention to reddish or well-differentiated EGCs located in the lower or lesser curvature of the stomach.
Effects of miRNA‐140 on the Growth and Clinical Prognosis of SMMC‐7721 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line
Authors: Kong Cun-qing , Chen Xing-cai , Qiu Guan-hua , Liang Jing-chen , Wang Duo , Liu Xin-yu , Liu Jun-jie , Han Yao-qi , Fan Xiao-hui
Published: February 2021

Background. A growing number of studies have suggested that microRNAs exert an essential role in the development and occurrence of multiple tumours and act as crucial regulators in various biological processes. However, the expression and function of miRNA‐140 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are not yet adequately identified and manifested. Methods. The expression of miRNA‐140 was determined in HCC tissues and adjacent nontumour tissues by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed to explore the correlation between miRNA‐140 expression level and the survival rate of patients with HCC. Additionally, overexpression experiments were conducted to investigate the biological role of miRNA‐140 in HCC cells. Bioinformatics was used to predict the related target genes and pathways of miRNA‐140. Results. QRT‐PCR results signified that the expression level of miRNA‐140 in HCC was lower than that of adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.0001). Compared with the control group, the SMMC‐7721 HCC cells in the miRNA‐140 mimic group had a decrease in proliferation, migration, and invasion (P < 0.05), whereas those in the miRNA‐140 inhibitor group had an increase in proliferation, migration, and invasion (P < 0.05). Cell cycle arrest occurred in the G0/1 phase. Prognosis analysis showed that the expression level of miRNA‐140 was not related to the prognosis of HCC. Furthermore, the Kaplan–Meier test revealed that patients with lower miRNA‐140 expression levels in liver cancer tissue had significantly shorter disease‐free survival (DFS, P = 0.004) and overall survival (OS) times (P = 0.010) after hepatectomy. Cox regression analysis further indicated that miRNA‐140 was an independent risk factor that may affect the DFS (P = 0.004) and OS times (P = 0.014) of patients after hepatectomy. Our results suggested that miRNA‐140 might be a crucial regulator involved in the HCC progression and is thus considered a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
Experimental Research on Performance of New Gas Drainage Borehole Sealing Material with High Fluidity
Authors: Guo Xin , Xue Sheng , Zheng Chunshan , Li Yaobin
Published: February 2021

To ensure the sealing effect of gas extraction borehole in underground coal mine and improve the concentration of gas extraction, a kind of high‐flow sealing material which can be injected into the microcracks around borehole was developed. The ultrafine cement as the base material, with water‐reducing agent, expansion agent, retarder, the material, and water combined stir, will form a kind of colloid with high fluidity and slightly expansibility. This paper analyzes the differences between the new high‐fluidity sealing material and ordinary cement materials in expansion performance, compressive strength, and sealing performance. Scanning electron microscope and mercury intrusion method were used to analyze the differences in microscopic morphology and pore structure of these two materials. The experimental results show that the new high‐fluidity sealing material has an excellent fluidity of 295.5 mm with an expansion rate of 60 d being 1.562%. The new high‐fluidity sealing material is convenient for grouting with strong material permeability and superior sealing performance. Field test results show that the effect of the new high‐fluidity sealing material is better than the ordinary cement materials. The average drainage concentration and flux during the drainage period were 59.07% and 0.243 m3/min, respectively, which showed that the drainage efficiency was significantly improved. This novel sealing material is of great significance for improving the efficiency of drilling and drainage.
Intraocular Suture Looping Technique for Flapless Four-Point Refixation of Dislocated Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Hu Xin , Zhao Bo , Jin Haiying
Published: February 2021

Purpose. To describe a flapless/grooveless technique for four-point refixation of a dislocated intraocular lens (IOL) with four fenestrated haptics. Methods. An intraocular suture looping technique was performed with the assistance of two 27-gauge needles. A looping needle was passed into the eye through paracentesis and was used to loop both fenestrated haptics on the same side with an 8–0 polypropylene thread. A guiding needle was used to guide the looping needle out of the eye at the scleral fixation sites. After looping each pair of fenestrated haptics on nasal/temporal sides with 8–0 polypropylene sutures, the IOL was refixated by definitive knotting. The exterior suture ends were buried into the sclera without the creation of scleral flaps/grooves. Results. The technique was employed in four eyes (three patients). The mean postoperative follow-up period was 13.8 ± 2.2 months. Postoperatively, the IOLs of all the eyes remained well positioned and stable. The postoperative visual acuities of all the eyes were improved. No suture erosion, hypotony, scleral atrophy, chronic inflammation, retinal tears, and/or detachments were observed within the follow-up period. Conclusion. The present technique provides minimal surgical invasion for the transscleral refixation of a dislocated IOL with four fenestrated haptics.
Intensity Distribution of Partially Coherent Array Finite Airy Beams Propagating in Atmospheric Turbulence
Authors: Jin Long , Zhang Zirui , Wang Nuo , Liu Zixin , Deng Yuwei , Fu Yanhua
Published: February 2021

Based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral and the Rytov phase structure function, the closed-form expression of a partially coherent array finite Airy beams (PCAFABs) cutting through the Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence is derived in the space domain under the paraxial approximation. The characteristics of the PCAFABs evoluting in the atmospheric environment are investigated in detail on the basis of the derived wave propagation formulae. We mainly illustrate the intensity profile of this beam changed with the truncation parameter, coherence length, and turbulence factor at several cross sections of the atmospheric space by means of numerical figures. It is convinced that the present concept and derived conclusions will provide useful exploration for learning the optical properties of the PCAFABs transmitting in the atmospheric turbulence, especially for free-space optical communication area.