bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of calcium level and source, formic acid, and phytase on phytate degradation and the microbiota in the digestive tract of broiler chickens
Authors: Krieg Jochen , Borda-Molina Daniel , Siegert Wolfgang , Sommerfeld Vera , Chi Yung Ping , Taheri Hamid Reza , Feuerstein Dieter , Camarinha-Silva Amélia , Rodehutscord Markus
Published: February 2021

Background: Diet acidification, dietary calcium (Ca) level, and phytase supplementation are known influences on the microbial community in the digestive tract and on phosphorus (P) utilization of broiler chickens. Effects of dietary factors and microbiota on P utilization may be linked because microorganisms produce enzymes that release P from phytate (InsP6), the main source of P in plant feedstuffs. This study aimed to detect linkages between microbiota and InsP6 degradation by acidifying diets (i.e., replacing Ca carbonate (CaCO3) by Ca formate or adding formic acid to CaCO3-containing diets), varying Ca levels, and supplementing phytase in a three-factorial design. We investigated i) the microbial community and pH in the digestive tract, ii) prececal (pc) P and Ca digestibility, and iii) InsP6 degradation.Results: All factors under investigation influenced digesta pH and the microbiota composition. Predicted functionality and relative abundance of microorganisms indicated that diets influenced the potential contribution of the microbiota on InsP degradation. Values of InsP6 degradation and relative abundance of the strains Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus reuteri were correlated. Phytase supplementation increased pc InsP6 disappearance, with differences between Ca levels, and influenced concentrations of lower inositol phosphate isomers in the digestive tract. Formic acid supplementation increased pc InsP6 degradation to myo-inositol. Replacing CaCO3 by Ca-formate and the high level of these Ca sources reduced pc InsP6 disappearance, except when the combination of CaCO3+formic acid was used. Supplementing phytase to CaCO3+formic acid led to the highest InsP6 disappearance (52%) in the crop and increased myo-inositol concentration in the ileum digesta. Supplementing phytase leveled the effect of high Ca content on pc InsP6 disappearance. Conclusions: The results point towards a contribution of changing microbial community on InsP6 degradation in the crop and up to the terminal ileum. This is indicated by relationships between InsP6 degradation and relative abundance of phosphatase-producing strains. Functional predictions supported influences of microbiota on InsP6 degradation. The extent of such effects remains to be clarified. InsP6 degradation may also be influenced by variation of pH caused by dietary concentration and solubility of the Ca in the feed.
Screening of plant species for phytoremediation of synthetic textile dye wastewater
Authors: Kaur Navjeet , Kaushal Jyotsna , Mahajan Pooja , Srivas Arun Lal
Published: February 2021

Most of the dyes are carcinogenic and mutagenic in nature. Plants are potential candidates to remediate textile dye wastewater from contaminated sites. The present study aimed to screen potential plant species for removal of synthetic dye solution of triarylmethane dye Methylene Blue (MB) and diazo dye Congo Red (CR). The six plants selected for screening are Trachyspermum ammi,Tagetes erecta, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Chrysanthemum indicum, Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi, and Catharanthus roseus. The phytotreatment of dyes was done up to 40 h for two different concentrations of dyes, i.e., 10 and 20 mg L−1. Among screened plant species, the maximum decolorization was obtained from T. ammi followed by B. fedtschenkoi.Both of these plant species showed active growth even after the phytoremediation process. T. ammi decolorized the MB dye 99% (10 mg L−1) and 86% (20 mg L−1) while the decolorization of the CR dye solution was up to 95%(10 mg L−1) and 84% (20 mg L−1). T. ammiwas found to have maximum potential among screened plants for the removal of MB and CR dye from synthetic dye solution and can be used forphytoremediation of wastewater contaminated with synthetic dyes.
The effect of opioid-free anesthesia on the quality of recovery after gynecological laparoscopy: study protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Song Jae Yen , Choi Hoon , Chae Minsuk , Ko Jemin , Moon Youg Eun
Published: February 2021

Background: Because of the indiscriminate use of opioids during the perioperative period, opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) has been increasingly required. Nevertheless, the studies on the detailed techniques and effects of OFA are not sufficient. The Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) questionnaire is a validated assessment tool for measuring recovery from general anesthesia. However, no study has used the QoR-40 to determine if OFA leads to better recovery than standard general anesthesia. Therefore, we aim to perform this study to determine the effects of OFA using dexmedetomidine and lidocaine on the quality of recovery as well as the various postoperative outcomes. Methods: The participants (n=78) will be allocated to one of the two groups; Study group will receive bolus and infusion of dexmedetomidine and lidocaine and Control group will receive remifentanil infusion during general anesthesia for gynecological laparoscopy. The other processes including anesthetic and postoperative care will be performed similarly in two groups. Intraoperative hemodynamic, anesthetic, and nociceptive variables will be recorded. Postoperative outcomes such as QoR-40, pain severity, opioid-related side effects will be assessed. Additionally, ancillary cytokine study (inflammatory cytokine, stress hormone, and reactive oxygen species) will be performed during study period. Discussion: This will be the first study to determine the effect of OFA, using the combination of dexmedetomidine and lidocaine, on the quality of recovery after gynecological laparoscopy compared with standard general anesthesia using remifentanil. The findings from this study will provide scientific and clinical evidence on the efficacy of OFA.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04409964. Registered on 28 May 2020.
CONSENSUS: A Shiny application of Dementia evaluation and reporting for the KU ADC Longitudinal Clinical Cohort Database.
Authors: Sharma Palash , Montgomery Robert N. , Graves Rasinio S. , Meyer Kayla , Hunt Suzanne L , Vidoni Eric D. , Mahnken Jonathan D. , Swerdlow Russell H. , Burns Jeffrey M. , Mudaranthakam Dinesh Pal
Published: February 2021

Background: The University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center (KU ADC) maintains several large databases to track participant recruitment, enrollment, and capture various research related activities. It is challenging to manage and coordinate all the research related activities. One of the crucial activities involves capturing the data and maintaining high data quality, which ensures data reusability and reproducibility.Methods: To effectively manage the cohort, the KU ADC utilizes a combination of open source Electronic Data Capture (EDC) (i.e. REDCap), along with other homegrown data management and visualization systems developed using R-studio and Shiny.Results: In this manuscript, we describe the method and utility of the user-friendly dashboard that was developed for the rapid reporting of dementia evaluations along with data visualization, which allows clinical researchers to summarize recruitment metrics, automatically generate letters to both participants and health care providers, and depict other key metrics, which ultimately help optimize workflows. Conclusions: We believe this general framework would be beneficial to any institution for capturing and maintaining similar longitudinal databases for reporting and summarizing key metrics pertaining to their research.
Behavioral changes and hygiene practices of older adults in Japan during the first wave of COVID-19 emergency
Authors: Arai Yasumichi , Oguma Yuko , Abe Yukiko , Takayama Midori , Hara Azusa , Urushihara Hisashi , Takebayashi Toru
Published: February 2021

Background: On April 7, 2020, Japan declared a state of emergency due to the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with the associated social distancing likely to have had a great impact on older adults’ lifestyle and health. This study aimed to explore the behavioral changes and personal hygiene practices in relation with background psychosocial and health characteristics of older adults during the COVID-19 emergency. Methods: A cross-sectional telephonic survey was conducted with the participants of the Kawasaki Aging and Wellbeing Project (KAWP), an on-going longitudinal cohort study of older adults aged 85 or older. The interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire consisting of 11 closed questions regarding behavioral changes and personal hygiene practices during the state of emergency. Sociodemographic and health data were obtained from the KAWP baseline survey conducted 2.2 years before the telephonic survey.Results: Overall, 487 participants from the KAWP responded to the telephonic survey (response rate: 89.2%). 94.5% of the respondents reported no changes in basic lifestyle habits, such as eating, sleeping, smoking, and drinking, whereas 28.1% reported a decrease in physical activity, and 54.6% reported going out less frequently. One-third of the respondents reported a decrease in the number of people to converse with, as well as the amount of time to converse. For personal hygiene practices, 93.8% reported wearing a mask when they went out, and 50.3% reported an increased frequency of handwashing. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that engagement in physical activity at baseline (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23-3.08), smartphone ownership (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.33–3.47), and visual impairment (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.10–2.91) were independently associated with decreased physical activity during the COVID-19 emergency. Female respondents and smartphone ownership were significantly associated with more frequent handwashing.Conclusions: The study revealed that older adults in an urban setting responded to the COVID-19 emergency with behavioral changes. The findings of this study have implications for the design of preventive strategies to maintain the health and wellbeing of at-risk older adults.
The Hand Mirror Image: Which is the Lineage in the End?
Authors: Bapat Kalyani N , Patil Rajesh B
Published: February 2021

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 classification, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is placed in the category of AML with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities. Cytogenetic confirmation of reciprocal translocation t(15:17) is essential criteria for diagnosis of this entity. However, these tests may have a significant time delay and it is usually the characteristic morphology of the abnormal promyelocytes which helps to pick up the diagnosis early and alert the clinician to initiate treatment promptly. The two variants commonly described are the hypergranular and the variant (M3v) forms, but knowledge of other rarer morphological variants of APL becomes crucial in certain situations for the hematopathologist. To highlight this phenomenon, we describe a case report of a 9-year-old female who presented with a hand mirror morphology of the abnormal promyelocytes.
Differential item functioning analysis of the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) across gender and age groups
Authors: Allahyari Elahe
Published: February 2021

There has been a heated debate on emotional intelligence (EI) and, more particularly, on the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) measuring all dimensions of emotional intelligence. To ensure measurement equivalence of EQ-i, the present article evaluated whether statements phrased in EQ-i questionnaire have equivalent meaning across respondents, regardless of their sex and age group membership. For 2,078 participants, three EI subscale (item 50 in reality testing, items 4 and 19 in stress tolerance, and items 7, 52, and 82 in interpersonal) for age groups had clinically significant Differential item functioning (DIF). So previous observed associations between EI and age might be misleading and deserve further study after removing or replacing DIF items.
Information Technology Governance Disclosure in Annual Report of Indonesia Financial Institutions
Authors: Weli Weli
Published: February 2021

The research aims to analyze the level of information technology (IT) governance disclosure in the annual report of financial companies and influencing factors in the exposure of IT governance. It distinguishes financial companies into two groups, namely banking and non-banking financial sectors. The data collection method used is the content analysis of the 2017 annual report from the companies. The results of 76 financial companies show that the level of IT governance disclosure by financial companies in Indonesia is higher than in previous studies in southern Africa and Belgium. Data analysis also shows that the determinants of IT governance disclosure are different in the two groups of companies. The determinant of IT governance disclosure for the banking industry is profitability, while the nonbanking financial sector is the company size.
The Effects of the Students’ Hierarchy of Needs in an Indonesian Private Academy on the Intention to Buy in Social Commerce
Authors: Muthmainnah Fatimah , Gunawan Fergyanto E.
Published: February 2021

In line with Internet users’ growth in Indonesia, many people buy and sell goods and services through social networking sites. This activity is social commerce, and it primarily affects the millennials, such as private academy students. The research is conducted to determine the effects of the hierarchy of needs in a private academy in Indonesia on students’ intentions to buy in social commerce. Facebook, Instagram, and Whatsapp are the used social commerce in the research. The questionnaire is answered by 126 respondents consisting of indicators from Maslow’s hierarchical needs. The analysis technique is Partial Least Square (PLS) with the SmartPLS 3.0 program. Hypothesis test results show that transcendence, self-actualization, cognitive needs, and physiological needs have no significant effect on the intention to buy in social commerce. Meanwhile, esteem needs, safety needs, aesthetic needs, and belonging and love needs affect intention to buy.
Padrões da autocitação em artigos de alto impacto da revista Nature
Authors: Fischer Adriana , Grimes Camila , Kosloski Elis Regina , Vicentini Mariana Aparecida
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender padrões da autocitação em artigos científicos de alto fator de impacto da revista Nature. A pesquisa é qualitativa e as discussões são sustentadas pela perspectiva sociocultural que compreende a escrita como prática de letramento situada contextualmente. A partir de levantamentos realizados no Google Scholar, selecionamos para análise os quatro artigos mais citados no periódico Nature. A partir das análises, três ocorrências são recorrentes nesses artigos em análise: o alto índice de citação, autocitação e coautoria. Quanto à autocitação, analisamos o contexto de publicação desses estudos, questões relacionadas à legitimidade, às relações de poder e de coautoria que marcam a escrita acadêmico-científica. Os padrões de autocitação indicam um enfoque heterogêneo na escrita dos artigos desta revista, o qual marca convenções nesta área do conhecimento, relações de poder manifestadas nas parcerias entre pesquisadores, o que implica legitimidade na comunidade científica das publicações referidas.
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION: INVESTING BASIC AGRI-FOOD EDUCATION AND AGRIPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE TO EARLY AGE STUDENTS
Authors: Sujarwo S , Prasetyaningrum Dian Islami , Fajar Yusri , Aini Edlyn Khurotul , Aprilia Anisa , Setyowati Putri Budi , Laili Fitrotul
Published: February 2021

The disinterest of the young generation in agriculture carries out awareness in providing agricultural education from an early age. Agri-food education and agripreneurship can be solutions to awake the youth’s awareness that the agricultural sector is also a profitable business. Moreover, the positive perception of farmers as a profession also needs to be grown, especially for early age students. This present study was conducted to increase the interest, competence, and entrepreneurial spirit in agriculture through the implementation of agri-food education and agripreneurship. It was a case study, and the participants were 30 students of 5th grader in SD IT Al-Anwar Mojosari. There were three stages involved: 1) Preparation, 2) Implementation of the Program, and 3) Evaluation. For the data collection, a survey was used as an instrument in this study. The results have shown that there were the high enthusiasm and participation of the students during the activities which are indicated the positive effects of the implemented program.
ANALYSIS OF SUPERIOR CROPS LOCATION IN EAST JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Sahro Hanifatus , Chen S , Sujarwo S
Published: February 2021

Regional development is an important aspect in improving the regional economy, and its relationship with the national economy. East Java Province is one of the regions with the most potential agricultural sector and is the highest national granary area in Indonesia. Maximizing the potential of the resources owned by East Java will accelerate the development process and increase the regional and national economy. For the economic growth,this study aims to examine the crops performance to estimate the pattern of regional economic growth in East Java. The time series data of East Java Central Bureau of Statistics from2008 to 2017 are adopted. The location quotient analysis and shift-share analysis with three indicators, namely regional economic growth, proportional shift growth, and differential shift, are used.The results showed that crops such as corn, green beans, peanuts, soybeans, rice, sweet potatoes, and cassava in 29 districts and 9 cities of East Java have crucial performance and economic growth patterns. As the results, to consider and identify priority policy plans to accelerate regional economic development and growth are suggested.
GAME THEORY APPLICATION IN DECISION MAKING OF HORTICULTURE FARMING
Authors: Setyowati Putri Budi , Toiba Hery , Sujarwo S , Syafrial S , Nugroho Condro Puspo
Published: February 2021

In running farming system, farmers not only have a role important as owners who land they farm. But also they are as farm managers to make any decisions to face their farming problems under risk and uncertainty. These problems are categorized as internal and external factors related to price fluctuations of agricultural commodities. For that reason, farmers need to consider some strategies to overcome their farming problem for instance by choosing the best commodities that would give them an optimal profit. The maximax, maximin, savage, and laplace criterions were used to analyze decision making of horticulture farmer in determining which best horticultural commodities to plant according to their behaviour and attitude toward farming risk. Thus, horticulture farmer will be able to make a choice whether or not it is potato, cabbage, or, scallion that will be cultivated in the next planting period. Potato farmers are categorized as the optimistic farmer who loves farming risks and they are cautious. While scallion farmers are pessimistic farmers and they are risk averse. In addition, cabbage farmers are the ones who have the least regret.
Manajemen Anestesi Torakotomi Ligasi Fistel Pasien Tracheoesophageal Fistle Tipe C dengan Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Sinus Venosus Besar dan Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Authors:   Departemen Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya/ RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang, Indonesia, Sidiq Muhamad Akbar , Yupono Karmini ,   Staf Pengajar, Program Studi Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Insiden tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) dan esophageal atresia (EA) berkisar antara 1:3000 dan 1:4500 kelahiran. Antara 20% sampai 50% bayi dengan TEF/EA memiliki defek kongenital lainnya yang biasa disebut VACTERL (vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, limb). Kasus: Bayi usia 30 hari berat badan 2600 gram dengan diagnosis TEF tipe C dengan komplikasi pneumonia neonatal dan penyakit jantung bawaan ASD sinus venosus besar dan PDA sedang direncanakan tindakan thorakotomi ligasi fistel. Pasien sudah dilakukan gastrostomi dan esofagostomi sebelum tindakan ligasi. Pasien dilakukan manajemen anestesi dengan general anestesi intubasi dengan kontrol ventilasi. Selama operasi terjadi beberapa kali desaturasi akibat retraksi paru yang dimanajemen dengan ventilasi manual dengan pemberian PEEP dan pengurangan retraksi oleh operator. Dua hari post operasi pasien dilakukan ekstubasi dan diganti dengan CPAP. Kesimpulan: Manajemen anestesi dengan TEF/EA memerlukan evaluasi dan perencanaan mulai preoperatif, intraoperatif, dan postoperatif. Evaluasi preoperatif berupa investigasi VACTERL, masalah kardiak dan respirasi berkaitan perencanaan manajemen anestesi yang akan dilakukan. Manajemen intraoperatif termasuk teknik intubasi, pemilihan teknik awake atau apnea bergantung kondisi dan komorbid dari pasien. Manajemen postoperatif berupa perawatan ventilator, kontrol nyeri optimal serta pengawasan kardiorespirasi.
Kombinasi Blok Pleksus Servikal Superfisial – Interskalenus untuk Operasi Fiksasi Klavikula pada Pasien dengan Pneumothoraks
Authors:   Departemen Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif, Rumah Sakit Premier Bintaro, Indonesia Indonesia, Wahyu Ismail Hari , Wibowo Dwi Pantja ,   Departemen Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif, Rumah Sakit Premier Bintaro, Indonesia Indonesia
Published: February 2021

Latar belakang: Operasi klavikula lebih sering dilakukan dalam anestesi umum. Fraktur klavikula dengan cedera penyerta pneumothoraks yang berukuran kecil dan tidak bergejala dapat menjadi tension pneumothoraks ketika mendapat ventilasi tekanan positif pada paru-paru setelah induksi anestesi umum. Kombinasi blok pleksus servikal superfisial–interskalenus diharapkan dapat memberi analgesia yang cukup dan menghindarkan pasien dari komplikasi paru yang lebih berat akibat anestesi umum. Kasus : Pasien pria 54 tahun mengalami nyeri dan bengkak pada bahu kiri akibat terjatuh. Pemeriksaan rontgen menunjukan adanya fraktur sepertiga tengah klavikula kiri. Pemeriksaan computed tomography (CT) scan dada menunjukan adanya kontusio paru, fraktur iga VIII-IX dan pneumothoraks minimal pada paru kiri. Dokter spesialis paru menatalaksana pneumothoraks secara konservatif karena berukuran kecil dan tidak bergejala. Pasien direncanakan menjalani operasi reduksi terbuka dan fiksasi internal klavikula kiri. Kami melakukan kombinasi blok pleksus servikal superfisial - interskalenus dengan panduan ultrasound untuk mendapatkan analgesia intra dan pasca operasi yang adekuat. Kesimpulan : Kombinasi blok pleksus servikal superfisial – interskalenus dengan panduan ultrasound dapat menjadi anestesi tunggal pada operasi fraktur klavikula. Metode ini menjadi alternatif anestesi umum terutama bagi pasien yang berisiko tinggi.
Anestesi Epidural Thorakal pada Operasi Thorakotomi Dekortisasi pada Pasien dengan Tuberkulosis Pyopneumothorax
Authors:   Departemen Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya/ RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang, Indonesia, Ramadhani Dendy Dwi , Siswagama Taufiq Agus ,   Departemen Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya/ RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang, Indonesia
Published: February 2021

Latar belakang: Tuberkulosis pyopneumothorax adalah kejadian yang mengarah pada komplikasi parah dan serangkaian tantangan pengobatan terutama dalam manajemen anestesi. Penggunaan teknik epidural thorakal telah mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan perkembangan operasi abdomen, thorakal dan kardiovaskuler. Tujuan dari penggunaan anestesi epidural thorakal tidak semata untuk menghalangi rangsangan nyeri melalui serabut saraf afferent luka operasi tetapi juga simpatektomi yang selektif pada daerah thorakal. Kombinasi dengan teknik anestesi umum akan mengurangi kedalaman anestesi, kondisi hemodinamik yang lebih stabil dan pemulihan lebih cepat. Kasus: Seorang laki-laki usia 52 tahun, dengan diagnosis pyopneumothorax spontan dan tuberculosis paru, menjalani operasi thorakotomi dekortikasi dengan anestesi umum dikombinasi epidural thorakal. Anestesi epidural dilakukan dengan cara pendekatan median setinggi vertebra T7-T8 dengan target blok T2-T6, dan insersi dengan cara loss of resistancepada kedalaman 3,5 cm dan kateter sedalam 6 cm. Setelah dilakukan test dose negatif, dilanjutkan dengan intubasi endotrakeal menggunakan double lumen tube. Ropivacaine 0,375 % 6 ml+ fentanil 50 µg diberikan ke dalam kateter epidural. Selama operasi ditemukan kondisi yang stabil dengan tingkat sedasi cukup dalam. Kesimpulan: Teknik anestesi epidural thorakal memiliki efek yang menguntungkan seperti analgesia, kejadian perubahan hemodinamik yang minimal dan risiko komplikasi pascaoperasi yang lebih rendah. Hal tersebut bermanfaat dalam tindakan bedah thoraks dan tatalaksana nyeri pascaoperasi.
Review of V.Kh. Akayev’s Monograph “Sufism in the Context of Arab-Muslim Culture”
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Mukhtar Yakhyaevich Yakhyaev
Published: February 2021

The reviewer outlines the content of V.Kh. Akayev's scholarly monograph “Sufism in the context of Arab-Muslim culture”, highlighting such its features as a consistent analysis of the diverse prerequisites for the origin and spread of Islam, the interpretation of its basic principles, and linking the evolution of Sufi culture with the development of Muslim society. The reviewer notes that the author provides a comprehensive analysis of Sufi culture and considers the main tariqas as an integral part of public life, where they find expression and play a controversial role. A distinctive mark of the monograph is its focus on the specifics of the formation of Sufi tariqa in various regions of the Muslim world, and, chiefly, in the North Caucasus. The structural anal-ysis of the monograph carried out in the review shows that the author permiates the idea that Ar-ab-Muslim culture cannot and should not be viewed as an anomaly in the development of hu-manity, since it is one of the universal ways of socio-cultural organization of society that is in interaction with other cultural and historical types thereof. Meanwhile, the radicalistic and ex-tremist manifestations in Islam fundamentally contradict the inner essence of this religion fo-cused on uniting people on the basis of equality, brotherhood, and social justice. The reviewer also comments on some inconsistency in the author's conclusions, as well as the redundancy of empirical material and some errors of a technical nature
On the Religious Situation in the Republic of Dagestan: a Study Based on the Data of Sociological Surveys of Young People Studying in Makhachkala
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Djamilya Adamkadievna Gusenova , Naila Akhedovna Sarkarova , Shemsi Akhedovna Agayeva ,   Dagestan State Medical University
Published: February 2021

With the end of the military phase of counteracting religious extremism and terrorism, the ideological confrontation of individual social groups has become latent and weakly expressed. Today, in the vanguard of this confrontation are young people who are studying, and in their social enviroment there are obviously some ideas of social justice, morality, and morals that may be reinterpreted from the standpoint of Islamic dogma. This sociological research has shown that the majority of students at secular schools and universities in Dagestan show a weak dependence on the opinion of religious figures. However, about 10 % of students are under their influence. This may have some negative consequences in the situation of continued distrust of law en-forcement agencies on the part of 60 to 70 % of civilian population, which is not prepared to cooperate with law enforcement bodies in counteracting religious extremism and terrorism. In this regard, the authors propose to include in the preventive work the measures aimed at increas-ing the level of trust of citizens to law enforcement officers.
Three Images of Religious Obedience in Islam and Christianity
Authors:   Don State Agrarian University, Andrew Fyodorovich Polomoshnov , Platon Andreevich Polomoshnov ,   Rostov State University of Economics
Published: February 2021

The article provides a comparative analysis of the interpretations of religious obedience in Islam and Christianity. The topic of obedience as a religious virtue is being actualized in con-nection with the numerous destructive challenges and global problems of our time. Three sides of religious obedience are highlighted: humility, patience and loyalty. It has been established that the main differences in the interpretation of religious obedience between Islam and Christianity are associated with the understanding of the nature of the subject, object and method of obedi-ence. The subject of obedience in Islam: a person as the deputy of Allah on earth, an imperfect, but not god-like person with a mission prescribed or predetermined by the will of Allah. The ob-ject of obedience in Islam is the relatively perfect world created by God and the world order, which the believer must maintain. This is precisely the meaning of obedience in Islam. The sub-ject of obedience in Christianity: a fundamentally imperfect, weak, sinful person. The object of humility in Christianity: an imperfect, God-made world that should be accepted as it is without trying to transform it. The meaning of humility in Christianity: internal self-improvement, cor-rection of one's spiritual imperfection and acceptance of an imperfect world. Islamic submission is immanent, since oriented towards the earthly world, and Christian submission is transcenden-tal, for it is directed towards the other world, the spiritual world. Religious patience as one of the main virtues of the believer thus provides civic loyalty in different ways in Islam and Christiani-ty. In Islam, through the divine authorization of social reality, and in Christianity, through its de-valuation. Despite significant differences, both in Islam and in Christianity, religious obedience in all its three faces acts as a factor in the socio-political stability of the existing society.
The Role of Women in the Political Discourse of Muslim Countries
Authors:   International Institute for Energy Policy and Innovation Management, MGIMO-University, Gyulnara Ilyasbekovna Gadzhimuradova
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of gender equality in Tunisia, Lebanon and Turkey. These countries belong to the Arab-Muslim world, where religious traditions and Sharia law are strong. The authors show what path these countries have taken in addressing gender equality is-sues and outline the role of women themselves in addressing the question of their rights. The article shows the results of women's struggle for their rights and the ways women's right to equality are implemented in each country. The authors emphasize the importance of women's participation in the social and political life of countries. They use the examples of Tunisia, Leb-anon and Turkey that, on the one hand, are part of the Muslim world, and, on the other hand, adhere to secular principles of government at the legislative level. The article shows that tradi-tions are still strong in these countries, and religion is a powerful social and political factor that affects the current state of gender equality and hinders women's participation in politics at dif-ferent levels of government. The study attempts to demonstrate the role governments and vari-ous Islamic movements play in shaping public policy towards women and their rights, and the role of women themselves in the society and in addressing gender equality issues.
On the Criteria for Religious Commitment in Islam
Authors:   Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zaid Magomedovich Abdulagatov
Published: February 2021

The author makes an attempt to analyze from philosophical and sociological standpoint the criteria for religious commitment in Islam and to describe scientific approaches to defining these criteria in sociological studies. The author maintains that in modern Islam there are no uni-form criteria for religious commitment and indicates the reasons for their absence. Some contro-versial issues of the criteria for religious commitment existing in the sociology of religion are assessed. In particular, it is shown that religious self-identification of a person as a criterion for his/her religious commitment is a necessary but insufficient condition thereof. Emphasis is made on the need to determine the criteria for religious commitment, its epistemological and ontologi-cal aspects, highlighting the defining side in the interaction of these opposite sides. The article suggests a broader approach to Islamic religious commitment through the concepts of “norma-tive” Islam, “mass religious consciousness”, “popular” Islam, and regional Islamic conscious-ness. These concepts are constituents of the general concept of “Muslim culture”. They are only partially reducible to each other and express in different ways the content of Islamic culture and, as a consequence, Islamic religious commitment.
ANALYSIS OF MENU PLANNING, CONSUMPTION ENERGY DENSITY RELATIONSHIPS AND FOOD LEFTOVERS OF THE ELDERLY NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN SOCIAL ORPHANS
Authors: Aspiyani Aspiyani , Ronitawati Putri , Swamilaksita Prita Dhyani , Nuzrina Rachmanida , Sa'pang Mertien
Published: February 2021

Background: The most important thing in giving food to the elderly is that the food served must meet the nutritional needs, the food served is given regularly in small portions but often, the food must be gradual and varied so as not to cause boredom, the food must be according to doctor's instructions for certain elderly and food must be soft. The elderly who live in the Werdha Nursing Home are faced with a different situation than before they lived in an orphanage. This causes the elderly to make adjustments so that their needs can be fulfilled. Health conditions in the elderly stage are largely determined by the quality and quantity of nutritional intake.Objective: This study aims to determine the analysis of menu planning, the relationship of energy consumption density and food waste to the nutritional status of the elderly at the Social Home Method: This study was an observational study of cross-sectional study design. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique with a  total of 50 elderly respondents. Bivariate analysis using Chi-Square statistical tests. Results: Planning the menu at the Social Home is carried out once a year with a seven-day menu cycle compiled by a Puskesmas Nutritionist and has a menu structure consisting of the frequency of feeding 3 main meals and 2 interludes. The application in feeding has not been adjusted to the menu made by a Nutritionist. Most respondents were aged 60-74 years (elderly). Correlation test results showed that there was no relationship between energy consumption density with the nutritional status of the elderly     ( p = 0.589 ) (p> 0.05) and there was a relationship between food waste and the nutritional status of the elderly (p = 0.010 ) (p <0.05). Conclusion: Some menu planning at the Social Institution was carried out and some did not meet the factors that influenced menu planning at the institution. There is a relationship between food waste with the nutritional status of the elderly, the main factor affecting nutritional status is food intake. This is because not only because of the small amount of food left (<20%) which causes the risk of malnutrition, but there are other factors based on the questions and the results of the MNA score.
The role of sodium intake and liquid balance to overcoming breathing based on respiration rate (RR) on congestive heart failure (CHF) patients
Authors: Abdurrachim Rijanti , Chairunnisa Nana
Published: February 2021

Background : Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is the inability of the heart to pump blood to meet the needs of oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues. The most common symptom of recurrence is shortness of breath. One of the dietary management of CHF patients is the limitation of sodium and fluid. The aim of the study was to determine the role of sodium intake and fluid balance in the occurrence of shortness of breath based on Respiration Rate (RR) in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) patients in Cardiac Hospitalization at H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin. Method: This type of determination is an observational analytic with a prospective approach. The population was all CHF patients who were hospitalized in the Diamond Room and Kumala Room 3rd Floor RSUD H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin from April 16 to May 6, 2018. Samples were 12 people taken based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. How to collect data using a 1x24 hour food recall form, a liquid form and a Respiration Rate form . Data Analyst is  using the Spearman rank correlation test with a 95% confidence level. Results : 12 respondents obtained 58.3% aged 56-65 years, 66.7% male sex, and 50% with junior and senior high school education or equivalent. The nutritional assessment of CHF patients is reduced breathlessness, decreased blood pressure, normal laboratory data, and no changes in dietary material were given . A sufficient sodium intake (75%), a negative fluid balance level of 66.7%, occurrence of shortness of breath based on normal RR (50%) and tachypnea (50%). Conclusion : There is a correlation between sodium intake (p = 0.049) and fluid balance (p = 0.01) to the occurrence of shortness of breath based on the RR value of CHF patients in the Cardiovascular Inpatient Hospital Dr.H.Moch.Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin.Adjusting sodium intake and fluid balance is useful to reduce symptoms of shortness of breath in CHF patients.

     
Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Analysis of Public Attitudes on Facebook and Twitter Toward COVID-19 Vaccines in the United Kingdom and the United States: Observational Study
Authors: Hussain Amir , Tahir Ahsen , Hussain Zain , Sheikh Zakariya , Gogate Mandar , Dashtipour Kia , Ali Azhar , Sheikh Aziz
Published: February 2021

Background

Global efforts toward the development and deployment of a vaccine for COVID-19 are rapidly advancing. To achieve herd immunity, widespread administration of vaccines is required, which necessitates significant cooperation from the general public. As such, it is crucial that governments and public health agencies understand public sentiments toward vaccines, which can help guide educational campaigns and other targeted policy interventions.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop and apply an artificial intelligence–based approach to analyze public sentiments on social media in the United Kingdom and the United States toward COVID-19 vaccines to better understand the public attitude and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccines.

Methods

Over 300,000 social media posts related to COVID-19 vaccines were extracted, including 23,571 Facebook posts from the United Kingdom and 144,864 from the United States, along with 40,268 tweets from the United Kingdom and 98,385 from the United States from March 1 to November 22, 2020. We used natural language processing and deep learning–based techniques to predict average sentiments, sentiment trends, and topics of discussion. These factors were analyzed longitudinally and geospatially, and manual reading of randomly selected posts on points of interest helped identify underlying themes and validated insights from the analysis.

Results

Overall averaged positive, negative, and neutral sentiments were at 58%, 22%, and 17% in the United Kingdom, compared to 56%, 24%, and 18% in the United States, respectively. Public optimism over vaccine development, effectiveness, and trials as well as concerns over their safety, economic viability, and corporation control were identified. We compared our findings to those of nationwide surveys in both countries and found them to correlate broadly.

Conclusions

Artificial intelligence–enabled social media analysis should be considered for adoption by institutions and governments alongside surveys and other conventional methods of assessing public attitude. Such analyses could enable real-time assessment, at scale, of public confidence and trust in COVID-19 vaccines, help address the concerns of vaccine sceptics, and help develop more effective policies and communication strategies to maximize uptake.
A smartphone coaching program (“Bouge Grossesse”) improves daily physical activity in pregnant women (Preprint)
Authors: MULLER Matthieu , JAMES Pandora , MERVIEL Philippe , SARAUX Alain , GUILLODO Yannick , KERLAN Veronique , BOUEE Sarah , NOWAK Emmanuel , MORGANT Romain , COMMUNIER COURTOIS Emmanuelle
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Physical activity has been shown to reduce obstetrical risks however pregnant women reduce their physical activity and sedentary behaviors increase.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim was to evaluate the impact of a smartphone application developed to increase daily physical activity in pregnant women.

METHODS

We enrolled 250 pregnant women in a prospective randomized controlled study. These women were instructed to download either an intervention application called «Bouge Grossesse» (coaching program and a pedometer; n=125) or a Placebo application (pedometer only; n=125). Primary outcome was defined as a daily increase of 2000 steps/day between day 1 and day 90 or 10 000 steps/week between week 1 and week 12. Data was analyzed with intention to treat. Secondary outcomes were the number of steps at week 12 and the evolution of quality of life measured by WHO score, EIFEL score and SPIEGEL scale, and on maternal and fetal outcomes.

RESULTS

Patients were enrolled between August 2017 and February 2019. They were retrospectively registered after September 2018. We found a significant difference in the primary outcome between the two groups in favor of the intervention group (22.4% success vs 3.2% in the control group, P<.001) but only 43 women in the intervention group (34.4%) and 16 women in the placebo group (12.8%) completed the 12-week coaching program. There were no significant differences in the SPIEGEL, EIFEL and WHO scores. The mean number of daily steps at week 12 was significantly higher in the intervention group (6900.0 vs 4371.9, P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The mobile health intervention « Bouge Grossesse » significantly increased physical activity in pregnant women but we observed a high percentage of withdrawals from the 12-week program.

CLINICALTRIAL

This clinical trial was registered under the number NCT03688087 ClinicalTrials.gov.
Hydrothermal Synthesis: Low−Temperature Subcritical Water for Ceria−Zirconia Mixed Oxides Preparation
Authors: Machmudah Siti , Widiyastuti Widiyastuti , Wahyudiono Wahyudiono , Winardi Sugeng , Kanda Hideki , Goto Motonobu
Published: February 2021

A low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis technique was employed as a medium to produce ceria−zirconia mixed oxides particles at temperatures of 200–300 °C and pressure of 10 MPa in a batch process. At these conditions, the average crystallite sizes of ceria−zirconia mixed oxides increased slightly with increasing reaction temperature when the feed solution containing ceria and zirconia with a ratio of 1:1 was fed. SEM images illustrated that the morphologies of the ceria−zirconia mixed oxides particles were spherical and spherical−like with a diameter of around 100 nm. The EDX spectrum indicated that the signal corresponding to the ceria and the zirconia elements at 5 and 2 keV, respectively, were strongly detected in the products. The XRD pattern revealed that the mixed metal oxides particle products that comprised of cerium and zirconium oxides particles with cubic and monoclinic structures, respectively, were affected by their molar content in the feed solution.
Performance Improvement of Tetraethylorthosilicate Consolidated Andesite Rock by Adding Titanium Tetraisopropoxyde and Silica Particles
Authors: Cahyandaru Nahar , Wahyuni Endang Tri , Nuryono Nuryono
Published: February 2021

A study to improve the performance of andesite mortar and rock consolidated with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) sol and a solvent of ethanol in the presence of titanium tetraisopropoxyde (TTIP) and silica particles has been conducted. The improvements include minimizing the shrinkage using silica particles from rice husk ash, rheological property suitability of the consolidant, and mechanical properties of the consolidated mortar and rock. The effect of TTIP concentration, ethanol volume, and addition of the silica particles on rheological properties of TEOS-based consolidant, and also mechanical properties of the consolidated mortar and rock were evaluated. The results showed that the increase of TTIP content in the consolidant shortens the gelling time, and the weight percentage ratio of TTIP:TEOS:ethanol of 5%:55%:40% was the optimum composition for the consolidation. Consolidation of andesite block using that composition significantly increased the compressive strength up to 57.61% (0.58 kgf/mm2). The addition of 2% of silica particles into the consolidant decreased the gel shrinkage and increased the Young modulus of the mortar. The presence of water in the andesite matrix reduced the consolidation performance, and 0.5% was the maximum percentage of water content acceptable for the consolidation.
Preparation of Green-Emissive Zinc Oxide Composites Using Natural Betacyanin Pigment Isolated from Red Dragon Fruit
Authors: Kurniawan Yehezkiel Steven , Lintang Hendrik Oktendy , Yuliati Leny
Published: February 2021

In this work, we reported the synthesis of green-emissive composite materials of zinc oxide (ZnO) and isolated betacyanin pigment from red dragon fruit (RDF) extract utilizing organic linkers, i.e. (3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane (CPTMS) and (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS). Betacyanin was extracted using a maceration technique, while CPTMS-ZnO and APTMS-ZnO were prepared by mixing ZnO and the respective organic linker in ethanol. The obtained ZnO/CPTMS and APTMS-ZnO composites were separately added into the RDF extract, followed by stirring at room temperature for 24 h. As high as 80 and 90% of betacyanin was successfully impregnated onto CPTMS-ZnO and APTMS-ZnO, respectively. A comparison study was made by preparing RDF-CPTMS and RDF-APTMS first and then introducing them onto ZnO. In this case, as high as 81 and 100% of betacyanin in RDF-CPTMS and RDF-APTMS, respectively, were impregnated onto ZnO. These results revealed that APTMS was a better organic linker than CPTMS and the order of the steps to introduce APTMS was important. The presence of betacyanin on the composite materials was confirmed by FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy. All the composite materials had an excitation signal at 426–428 nm and emission signals at 459 and 517–518 nm, demonstrating their promising application as green-emissive materials.