bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The laser pump X-ray probe system at LISA P08 PETRA III
Authors: Warias Jonas Erik , Petersdorf Lukas , Hövelmann Svenja Carolin , Giri Rajendra Prasad , Lemke Christoph , Festersen Sven , Greve Matthias , Mandin Philippe , LeBideau Damien , Bertram Florian , Magnussen Olaf Magnus , Murphy Bridget Mary
Published: June 2024

Understanding and controlling the structure and function of liquid interfaces is a constant challenge in biology, nanoscience and nanotechnology, with applications ranging from molecular electronics to controlled drug release. X-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence diffraction provide invaluable probes for studying the atomic scale structure at liquid–air interfaces. The new time-resolved laser system at the LISA liquid diffractometer situated at beamline P08 at the PETRA III synchrotron radiation source in Hamburg provides a laser pump with X-ray probe. The femtosecond laser combined with the LISA diffractometer allows unique opportunities to investigate photo-induced structural changes at liquid interfaces on the pico- and nanosecond time scales with pump–probe techniques. A time resolution of 38 ps has been achieved and verified with Bi. First experiments include laser-induced effects on salt solutions and liquid mercury surfaces with static and varied time scales measurements showing the proof of concept for investigations at liquid surfaces.
Signal-to-noise and spatial resolution in in-line imaging. 1. Basic theory, numerical simulations and planar experimental images
Authors: Gureyev Timur E. , Paganin David M. , Quiney Harry M.
Published: June 2024

Signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution are quantitatively analysed in the context of in-line (propagation based) X-ray phase-contrast imaging. It is known that free-space propagation of a coherent X-ray beam from the imaged object to the detector plane, followed by phase retrieval in accordance with Paganin's method, can increase the signal-to-noise in the resultant images without deteriorating the spatial resolution. This results in violation of the noise-resolution uncertainty principle and demonstrates `unreasonable' effectiveness of the method. On the other hand, when the process of free-space propagation is performed in software, using the detected intensity distribution in the object plane, it cannot reproduce the same effectiveness, due to the amplification of photon shot noise. Here, it is shown that the performance of Paganin's method is determined by just two dimensionless parameters: the Fresnel number and the ratio of the real decrement to the imaginary part of the refractive index of the imaged object. The relevant theoretical analysis is performed first, followed by computer simulations and then by a brief test using experimental images collected at a synchrotron beamline. More extensive experimental tests will be presented in the second part of this paper.
Singing the same environmental song: transmission of green HR signals from supervisors to subordinates through multilevel modeling
Authors: Khan Aisha , Yusliza M.Y. , Alkaf Abdur Rachman , Farooq Khalid
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To comprehend the influence of green HR practices (GHRM) on employee outcomes, strategic HRM researchers are gradually adopting an employee-centric approach, a subject that has sparked recent discussions among scholars in the field of green HR. These scholars have emphasized the need for studies that shed light on the reasons behind the differences in employees' perceptions of GHRM. To address this concern, we investigated (1) supervisors perceived GHRM (SUP-GHRM) and subordinates perceived GHRM (SUB-GHRM) as the fundamental source of variation in employee eco-friendly behavior and green performance, (2) the association between SUP-GHRM and SUB-GHRM, (3) the mediation role of SUB-GHRM toward green performance and eco-friendly behavior, and (4) the moderation of perceived HRM system strength (HRMSS) on supervisor-subordinate perceived GHRM.

Design/methodology/approach

Applying a survey approach, we collected data from 217 supervisors and 624 subordinates from Large-Scale Manufacturing Organizations in the Textile sector of Pakistan. Since the data is hierarchical, we applied the Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) and bootstrapping techniques to examine the hypothesized relationship.

Findings

The results of HLM revealed that (1) the SUP-GHRM and SUB-GHRM were key in determining green performance and eco-friendly behavior, (2) the SUP-GHRM significantly influenced SUB-GHRM, (3) the SUP-GHRM indirectly affected the eco-friendly behavior and green performance through SUB-GHRM, (4) the HRM system’s strength positively moderated the association between the SUP-GHRM and SUB-GHRM.

Practical implications

The corporations need to ensure that both supervisors and subordinates have a consistent understanding of GHRM practices and foster positive relationships between them. It is also important for companies to actively enhance supervisors' knowledge of GHRM and encourage them to effectively communicate the company’s GHRM practices to their subordinates. This is vital for improving employee job-related outcomes. Furthermore, corporations should emphasize developing a strong HRM system designed to create a climate where employees understand the behaviors and responses that are valued and recognized, leading them to perceive situations in line with their managers.

Originality/value

This study suggests SUP-GHRM and SUB-GHRM as critical factors that influence eco-friendly behavior and green performance, and HRMSS is key to aligning the perception gaps between subordinates and supervisors about what GHRM is in place in their organization, which is empirically analyzed in a developing country context.
Management of heterogeneous AI-based industrial environments by means of federated adaptive-robot learning
Authors: Ramírez Tamai , Mora Higinio , Pujol Francisco A. , Maciá-Lillo Antonio , Jimeno-Morenilla Antonio
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study investigates how federated learning (FL) and human–robot collaboration (HRC) can be used to manage diverse industrial environments effectively. We aim to demonstrate how these technologies not only improve cooperation between humans and robots but also significantly enhance productivity and innovation within industrial settings. Our research proposes a new framework that integrates these advancements, paving the way for smarter and more efficient factories.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper looks into the difficulties of handling diverse industrial setups and explores how combining FL and HRC in the mark of Industry 5.0 paradigm could help. A literature review is conducted to explore the theoretical insights, methods and applications of these technologies that justify our proposal. Based on this, a conceptual framework is proposed that integrates these technologies to manage heterogeneous industrial environments.

Findings

The findings drawn from the literature review performed, demonstrate that personalized FL can empower robots to evolve into intelligent collaborators capable of seamlessly aligning their actions and responses with the intricacies of factory environments and the preferences of human workers. This enhanced adaptability results in more efficient, harmonious and context-sensitive collaborations, ultimately enhancing productivity and adaptability in industrial operations.

Originality/value

This research underscores the innovative potential of personalized FL in reshaping the HRC landscape for manage heterogeneous industrial environments, marking a transformative shift from traditional automation to intelligent collaboration. It lays the foundation for a future where human–robot interactions are not only more efficient but also more harmonious and contextually aware, offering significant value to the industrial sector.
Examining a district-union-university partnership for professionalizing teachers to lead school improvement efforts
Authors: Henry Wesley L. C. , VanGronigen Bryan A. , Wronowski Meredith L.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study investigated a teacher leadership program created by a partnership between a large US urban district, their teachers’ union and a university. We were part of an action-research partnership that examined the program’s implementation.

Design/methodology/approach

We employed a hermeneutic phenomenology methodology and mixed-method data collection methods and analysis strategies to understand the experiences of program participants. Data included interviews with program participants, union leaders and district administrators along with an analysis of projects that participants created during the program.

Findings

Teacher leadership programs were legitimized through diverse stakeholder collaboration, and involvement of a university partner was viewed as a value-add for teachers. Formalized teacher leadership programs professionalize teachers through expanding professional networks, developing leadership skills and lifting teachers’ voices. When teacher leader work is directed towards school improvement, teachers’ unique perspectives yield varied problems of practice and goals in ways that help schools address these problems.

Practical implications

This study has implications for districts seeking to create teacher leadership opportunities and for districts and universities seeking to partner for in-service professional learning opportunities.

Originality/value

This study underscores the role effective district-union-university partnerships can play in fostering pipelines for teacher leader development, which can better position school improvement efforts to be sustained over time.
An empirical analysis on immigrants and price elasticity in the import demand function
Authors: Fukumoto Yukio
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the empirical relationship between the share of immigrants and the price elasticity of import demand.

Design/methodology/approach

We estimate the import demand function including the interaction term of the share of immigrants and relative import price, using panel data of 76 countries/areas.

Findings

The coefficient of the interaction term is significantly positive, that is, a higher share of immigrants weakens the negative effect of the relative import price on import demand. Our findings reveal the negative relationship between the share of immigrants and the price elasticity of import demand.

Practical implications

The share of immigrants is increasing in the present era of globalization, and it is possible that the role of exchange rate as the price adjustment mechanism in international trade become lower in the future.

Originality/value

This research considers different price elasticities for import goods by immigrants and natives.
A processual view on sustainability transitions in service ecosystems
Authors: Sarno Debora , Enquist Bo , Polese Francesco , Sebastiani Roberta , Petros Sebhatu Samuel , Viljakainen Anna Maria
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Sustainability transitions (STs) refer to large-scale step changes in complex systems required to face sustainability issues. We aim to delineate how they can unfold in service ecosystems, especially when inspired by regenerative thinking.

Design/methodology/approach

We develop a conceptual framework based on a processual view of STs and provide a propositional inventory based on literature leveraging deductive reasoning. Moreover, we contextualize our conceptualizations by showing illustrative examples of cities coping with STs.

Findings

We connect the perception of unsustainability with the shift toward service-dominant (S-D) logic and identify them as triggers of an ST; we focus on the role of nested service ecosystems and the adoption of regenerative thinking in STs; finally, we highlight the domino effect that can drive continuous change towards sustainability in service ecosystems. Future research could be focused on (loss of) sensemaking for driving STs, practical approaches to deal with institutional tensions in nested service ecosystems and the possible fractality of ST processes in service ecosystems.

Originality/value

This study supports the understanding of STs in cities and other systems such as industries, markets and organizations. It contributes to ST literature by suggesting the adoption of S-D logic and system lenses to identify, drive and cope with system changes toward sustainability, showing implications for policymakers and practitioners. Furthermore, it contributes to S-D logic by unfolding the self-adjustment of service ecosystems and the focus of sustainability initiatives on nested service ecosystems to sustain the broader systems. Finally, it contributes to transformative service research by identifying how the procedural and inspirational principles characterizing regenerative thinking can support design for STs.
Grain storage security in context of government digital governance: a tripartite evolutionary game analysis of speculative behavior
Authors: Li Ming-Yang , Jiang Zong-Hao , Wang Lei
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to investigate and analyze the dynamics of the government-enterprise grain joint storage mechanism, particularly, focusing on profit-driven speculative behaviors exhibited by enterprises within this context. The study aims to understand the various factors influencing the behavior of stakeholders involved in grain storage, including government storage departments, agent storage enterprises and quality inspection agencies.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs a tripartite evolutionary game model to investigate profit-driven behaviors in government-enterprise grain joint storage. It analyzes strategies of government departments, storage enterprises and quality inspection agencies, considering factors like supervision costs and speculative risks. Simulation analysis examines tripartite payoffs, initial probabilities and the impact of digital governance levels to enhance emergency grain storage effectiveness.

Findings

The study finds that leveraging digital governance tools in government-enterprise grain joint storage mechanisms can mitigate risks, enhance efficiency and ensure the security of grain storage. It highlights the significant impact of supervision costs, speculative risks and digital supervision levels on stakeholder strategies, offering guidance to improve the effectiveness of emergency grain storage systems.

Originality/value

The originality of this study lies in its integration of digital governance tools into the analysis of the government-enterprise grain joint storage mechanism, addressing profit-driven speculative behaviors. Through a tripartite evolutionary game model, it explores stakeholder strategies, emphasizing the impact of digital supervision levels on outcomes and offering insights crucial for enhancing emergency grain storage effectiveness.
Evolution of cooperation in R&D alliance portfolios considering aspirations
Authors: Guo Peng , Wang Ding , Guo Ning
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to specify whether heterogeneous reference-point-based aspirations are related to the cooperation levels of R&D alliance portfolios in a positive or negative (or nonlinear) way, and to unveil how cooperative behaviors evolve in recurrent project cooperation.

Design/methodology/approach

This study establishes a network containing a cooperation subnetwork and a project subnetwork based on patent data in the “deep learning” field to investigate how cooperative behaviors evolve in R&D alliance portfolios. A model of evolutionary games on complex networks is constructed to gain insight into the dynamic evolution of DMs’ strategies.

Findings

First, the heterogeneous aspirations of DMs can improve the cooperation level in R&D alliance portfolios. Second, compared to prudent DMs, aggressive DMs are more likely to choose the cooperation strategy, implying that an appropriate aspiration level nurtures cooperative R&D endeavors with partners. Third, the effects of effort complementarity, knowledge reorganization capabilities and cooperation supervision on cooperation are contingent on the distribution of DMs’ aspiration types.

Practical implications

Policymakers should identify aspiration types of DMs when screening partners. They can encourage partners to focus more on historical payoffs and establish relatively higher aspiration levels to improve the cooperation level. Developing highly detailed contracts becomes crucial when cooperating with firms that possess extensive knowledge reorganization capabilities.

Originality/value

This work contributes a theoretical framework for investigating cooperation in R&D alliance portfolios through the lens of evolutionary games on complex networks, thus revealing the effects of heterogeneous reference-point-based aspirations of DMs on R&D cooperation.
Jianpi‐Tiaoqi decoction inhibits tumour proliferation and lung metastasis in tumour‐bearing mice with triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Jin , Ye Chen‐xiao , Chen Hai‐tao , Li Tian , Ma Li‐tian , Guo Yong
Published: June 2024

Traditional Chinese medicine, specifically the Jianpi Tiaoqi (JPTQ) decoction, has been explored for its role in treating breast cancer, particularly in inhibiting lung metastasis in affected mice. Our study evaluated the effects of JPTQ on several factors, including tumour growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune microenvironment regulation. We used bioluminescence imaging to observe in situ tumour growth and potential lung metastasis. Transcriptomic analysis provided insights into gene expression, whereas flow cytometry was used to examine changes in specific immune cells, such as CD4+ T cells and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells. Several essential proteins and genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloprotein‐9 (MMP‐9) and B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2), were assessed through quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Our findings showed that JPTQ treatment inhibited tumour proliferation in cancer‐bearing mice. Bioluminescence imaging and pathological analysis indicated a reduction in lung metastasis. Transcriptome analysis of lung and tumour tissues indicated that the genes associated with EMT, angiogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis were regulated in the JPTQ‐treated group. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis suggested enrichment of immune‐related pathways. Flow cytometry indicated that JPTQ treatment reduced the proportion of monocyte–myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in the lung and increased the number of CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood and the number of T helper 1 (Th1) cells in the spleen (P < 0.05). E‐cadherin and cleaved caspase 3 were upregulated, whereas Snail, Bcl‐2, Ki67 and VEGF were downregulated in the lung and tumour tissues; moreover, the expression of MMP‐9 was downregulated in the lung tissue (P < 0.05). In essence, JPTQ not only inhibits tumour growth in affected mice, but also promotes positive immune responses, reduces angiogenesis, boosts tumour cell apoptosis, reverses EMT and decreases breast cancer lung metastasis.
The Use of Expanded Carrier Screening in Reproductive Medicine
Authors: Elson J. , Drakeley A. , Achilli C. , Canham N. , Kulke C. ,   the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
Published: June 2024

Plain language summary

Expanded carrier screening (ECS) is a genetic screening test carried out by analysing a blood sample. This screen can be used to detect whether the individual unknowingly carries gene variants associated with common genetic conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, that may be passed on to their children. It is typically performed in reproductive medicine for those who are considering having a family either naturally or via fertility treatment. Many donor sperm and egg banks, particularly in the USA and Europe, also perform blanket ECS testing on all their prospective sperm and egg donors. ECS is not currently routine practice in the UK, but a growing number of patients are requesting it before treatment.

All of us carry gene variants of some sort that may cause autosomal recessive disease in their children if their partner or donor also carry a variant in the same gene. An autosomal recessive disease means two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order for the disease or trait (such as cystic fibrosis or sickle cell disease) to develop. One copy of the variant means the person is a carrier but does not have the condition. Two copies, i.e. from the mother and father, means the child has a 25% chance of having the genetic disease. Carrying a gene variant does not mean that the individual would necessarily have any symptoms of the disease or any features of the condition.

Genetic tests for specific conditions are currently available either before or during pregnancy for prospective parents who have a family or personal history of a genetic condition, or for those from ethnic backgrounds where certain conditions – such as haemoglobinopathies (blood disorders) – are common, prompting referral to a clinical genetics department.

Expanded carrier screens may test for more than 100 genetic conditions. The list of conditions screened for is called a panel. Common panels are 250 or 600 genes. Not all expanded carrier screens that are available analyse the same genes. Some may test for genes that do not cause serious disease, or cause diseases that occur in later life; others test for genes that cause severe conditions in childhood. There is no agreement as to which panel of genes should be tested for in an ECS.

Understanding the screening that is being offered, and the meaning of any results, is complicated and requires support from appropriately trained professionals to best inform the prospective parent or parents.
The effect of formal de‐policing on police traffic stop behavior and crime: Early evidence from LAPD's policy to restrict discretionary traffic stops
Authors: Boehme Hunter M. , Mourtgos Scott M.
Published: June 2024

Research Summary

On March 1, 2022, correspondence from the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) headquarters stated that officers can no longer use minor infractions (e.g., equipment violations) as a pretextual reason to further investigate drivers for criminal behavior. If LAPD officers are to execute a discretionary stop, they must activate their body‐worn cameras and reasonably articulate to the civilian why they are being investigated. The intent is to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in stops and build trust of the police within the community. Critics of the policy argue that elevated crime rates will result due to the crime suppression effect of such stops. This study examines racial differences in stops before and after the policy change, as well as whether Part 1 violent and property crimes increased. Descriptive findings show that while the counts of stops, arrests, and contraband seizures during stops decreased, the percentage of non‐White civilians stopped decreased only minimally following the intervention. Results from using Bayesian synthetic control methods indicate an increase in both violent and property crimes post‐intervention compared with the synthetic counterfactual. The increase in violent crimes has a low probability of being different from the counterfactual, whereas the increase in property crimes has a high probability, suggesting that the intervention led to a real change in property crimes compared with what would have been expected under the counterfactual.

Policy Implications

This study provides preliminary evidence that emerging policies intended to restrict discretionary stops may not have the intended effect on racial disparities in police traffic stops. Instead, agencies passing similar policies may expect to see the potential unintended consequence of a spike in jurisdictional property crimes. We argue that such types of stops across a jurisdiction may have a general deterrent effect on more common and calculative crimes such as property crimes. To combat violent crimes, agencies should consider focusing discretionary stops in known hot spots. Further, our findings offer implications for research on the effects of de‐policing on crime. Police agencies should monitor potential unintended impacts of these policies if enacted and be prepared to deal with such consequences.
Shape variation in cranium, mandible and teeth in selected mouse strains
Authors: Ağaç Duygu Küçük , Oktay Ece , Onuk Burcu , Kabak Murat , Gündemir Ozan
Published: June 2024

There are different strains of laboratory mouse used in many different fields. These strains differ anatomically. In order to determine these anatomical differences, shape analysis was conducted according to species. CD‐1, C57bl/6 and Balb‐c strains were preferred to study these differences. Forty‐eight adult mouse strains belonging to these strains were utilized. The bones were photographed and geometric morphometry was applied to these photographs. Principal Component Analysis was applied to determine shape variations. In Principal component 1 for cranium, CD‐1 and C57bl/6 strain groups showed different shape variations, while Balb‐c strain group showed similar shape variations to the other strain groups. Principal Component 1 for the mandible separated the CD‐1 and C57bl/6 strain groups in terms of shape variation. Principal Component 2 explained most of the variation between the C57bl/6 and CD‐1 lineage groups. In PC1 for molars, the CD‐1 group showed a different shape variation from the other groups. Mahalanobis distances and Procrustes distances were measured using Canonical variance analysis to explain the differences between the lineage groups. These measurements were statistically significant. For cranium, in canonical variate 1, CD‐1 group of mouse and Balb‐c group of mouse were separated from each other. In canonical variate 2, C57bl/6 group of mouse were separated from the other groups. For mandible, Balb‐c group of mouse in canonical variate 1 and CD‐1 group of mouse in canonical variate 2 were separated from the other groups. For molars, CD‐1 group of mouse in canonical variate 1 and Balb‐c group of mouse in canonical variate 2 were separated from the other groups. It was thought that these anatomical differences could be caused by genotypic factors as well as dietary differences and many different habits that would affect the way their muscles work.
The impact of sickle cell disease and its treatment on ovarian reserve in reproductive‐aged Black women
Authors: Shandley Lisa M. , Fasano Ross M. , Spencer Jessica B. , Mertens Ann C. , McPherson Laura J. , Dixon Meredith A. , Poliektov Natalie , Butler Hailly E. , James Sonjile M. , Howards Penelope P.
Published: June 2024

We compared serum anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in women with sickle cell disease (SCD) (n = 152) to those of Black comparison women (n = 128) between the ages of 20 and 45 years and evaluated the impact of hydroxyurea (HU) and iron overload on ovarian reserve in those with SCD. SCD treatment was abstracted from medical records. Linear regression models were fit to examine the relationship between log(AMH) and SCD, adjusting for age. The analysis was repeated to account for HU use (current, previous, never) and iron overload (ferritin ≥1000 ng/mL vs. <1000 ng/mL). AMH estimates among women with SCD were lower than those among comparison women (2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.80–2.76 vs. 4.12, 95% CI 3.11–5.45, respectively). Women with SCD who were currently using HU had 63% lower (95% CI 43–76) AMH values than comparison women; those with SCD with prior or no HU use also had lower AMH estimates than comparison women, but the difference was less pronounced. There were no differences in predicted AMH values among women with SCD for those with and without iron overload. Women with SCD and low AMH may have a shorter reproductive window and may benefit from referral to a reproductive specialist.
Matched case–control comparison of surgical success after XEN45 Gel Stent and PRESERFLO MicroShunt implantation in a Caucasian population
Authors: Lüke Jan Niklas , Dietlein Thomas S. , Widder Randolf A. , Roessler Gernot F. , Lüke Vincent , Enders Philip , Lappa Alexandra , Kiessling David
Published: June 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of implantation of a XEN45 Gel Stent with the outcome of implantation of a Preserflo MicroShunt in a matched‐pair analysis in eyes being naïve to filtering surgery.

Methods

In this comparative, retrospective study, 50 eyes that had undergone XEN45 Gel Stent implantation were compared with 50 eyes after Preserflo implantation. Follow‐up was at least 6 months, and surgical success was measured by criteria A (IOP < 21 mmHg, IOP reduction >20%, no repeat surgery); criteria B (IOP < 18 mmHg, IOP reduction >20%, no repeat surgery); and criteria C (IOP ≤15 mmHg, IOP reduction ≥40%, no repeat surgery).

Results

After a follow‐up period of 12 months, mean IOP had decreased from preoperative 25.2 ± 4.8 mmHg in the XEN group to 14.5 ± 4.0 (n = 35) and from 25.3 ± 6.8 mmHg to 11.9 ± 2.9 (n = 41) in the Preserflo group, respectively. The IOP at the last follow‐up of the two groups differed significantly (p < 0.01). The probability of surgical success did not differ concerning Criteria A and B, but surgical success was significantly higher in the Preserflo group for Criteria C (60%, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Both the Preserflo and XEN45 Gel Stent provide an effective and safe treatment option for advanced glaucoma and have a high potential to reduce intraocular pressure. Absolute IOP levels of <16 mmHg after 12 months were significantly more frequent in the Preserflo group.
DynTrix: A Hybrid Representation for Dynamic Graphs
Authors: Vago B. , Archambault D. , Arleo A.
Published: June 2024

Hybrid graph representations combine two or more network visualization techniques in a unique drawing, simultaneously leveraging their strong traits. Since their introduction in the early 2000s, hybrid representations have gained significant research interest, with the introduction of new techniques and comparative user studies. However, all this research has not considered dynamic graphs. In this paper, we investigate hybrid graph representations in a dynamic network context and present DynTrix. Our system uses the NodeTrix representation as a basis, but the research extends this representation to the dynamic network domain. DynTrix supports automatic or manually created clusters/matrices across time. Drawing stability is implemented through aggregation and users can rearrange the nodes/matrix positions and pin them. DynTrix visualizes the temporal dynamics of the network through a combination of movement and element highlighting. We also introduce the concept of volatility, that allows the identification of actors in the network that are the most volatile. Matrices can be ordered such that stable cores gravitate towards the centre of the matrix. We integrate this technique in a visual analytics application for the exploration of offline dynamic networks and evaluate our system through case studies and qualitative expert interviews. Experts agree on the capabilities of the system, noting its potential for the analysis of dynamic networks through hybrid representations.
The coloniality of power in Uganda's Nakivale Refugee Settlement: struggling for humanitarian authority amidst the 2018 corruption scandal
Authors: Tegenbos Jolien
Published: June 2024

This paper addresses the complexity of studying the coloniality of humanitarianism and present‐day relationships of power and authority in refugee settings. Building on 13 months of fieldwork, it presents an ethnographic account of the 2018 refugee corruption scandal in Uganda and the Nakivale Refugee Settlement. The core of this paper's argument is based on a grounded analysis of how ‘the saga’ not only exposed corruptive practices in the country's refugee programme, but also the meanings of being ‘human’ and what this implies for making claims to humanitarian authority. The paper asserts that the way in which the scandal unravelled in the (inter)national media, and how it affected sociopolitical tensions in the camp, revealed a deeply fraught conception of both human and humanitarian duality, embedded in a coloniality of power. Ultimately, power imbalances, frictions, and conflicts between national, international, and refugee actors highlighted a deep‐rooted and historical struggle for humanity and legitimate humanitarian authority.
From developmental neurology to brain health across the lifespan: Innovation in training, care, and public policy
Authors: Gogou Maria
Published: June 2024

This letter to the editor is a response to the editorial by Vollmer on pages 962–963 of this issue.
Outcomes of apexification in immature traumatised necrotic teeth and risk factors for premature tooth loss: A 20‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Wikström Alina , Brundin Malin , Mohmud Afrah , Anderson Maria , Tsilingaridis Georgios
Published: June 2024

Background/Aim

To evaluate the long‐term survival of immature traumatized incisors with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment with two apexification techniques (calcium hydroxide apexification and MTA‐apical plug) and to identify major factors affecting the survival of these teeth.

Materials and Methods

Records of 2400 children and adolescents were screened for presence of traumatic dental injuries to immature incisors where endodontic treatment with the two apexification techniques was performed during January 2003 and December 2022, compared to a control group of mature teeth treated with conventional endodontic techniques. The studied variables were age; sex; apexification technique, presence of luxation and hard tissue injuries; preoperative root development stage (RDS), preoperative and postoperative periapical index (PAI), the time‐point for tooth loss, and overall survival time in years. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to graphically present the survival functions and Cox proportional hazard model to calculate hazard ratios (HR, 95% CI).

Results

The median survival time was 10 years for calcium hydroxide apexification, 16.1 for MTA‐apexification, for luxation injuries other than intrusions and avulsions 15.5 years, for intrusions 12.5 years and for avulsions 6.8 years. The variables with significant negative impact on tooth survival were calcium hydroxide apexification, avulsion and postoperative PAI 3–5. No significant relationships were found for the variables MTA apexification, concussion; subluxation; lateral luxation; extrusion, intrusion, hard tissue injuries, preoperative RDS and PAI scores and postoperative PAI 1–2. After adjustment, the risk for premature tooth loss was 13.5 times higher in calcium hydroxide apexification, approximately 2 to 4 times higher in PAI 3–5, and 5.6 times higher in avulsions.

Conclusions

Calcium hydroxide apexification, avulsion, and postoperative PAI 3–5 were identified as prognostic variables with significant negative impact on the risk for premature tooth loss.
Nuclear receptors for epidermal lipid barrier: Advances in mechanisms and applications
Authors: Yin Xidie , Yan Yu , Li Jiandan , Cao Zhi , Shen Shuzhan , Chang Qihang , Zhao Yiting , Wang Xiuli , Wang Peiru
Published: June 2024

The skin plays an essential role in preventing the entry of external environmental threats and the loss of internal substances, depending on the epidermal permeability barrier. Nuclear receptors (NRs), present in various tissues and organs including full‐thickness skin, have been demonstrated to exert significant effects on the epidermal lipid barrier. Formation of the lipid lamellar membrane and the normal proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes (KCs) are crucial for the development of the epidermal permeability barrier and is regulated by specific NRs such as PPAR, LXR, VDR, RAR/RXR, AHR, PXR and FXR. These receptors play a key role in regulating KC differentiation and the entire process of epidermal lipid synthesis, processing and secretion. Lipids derived from sebaceous glands are influenced by NRs as well and participate in regulation of the epidermal lipid barrier. Furthermore, intricate interplay exists between these receptors. Disturbance of barrier function leads to a range of diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and acne. Targeting these NRs with agonists or antagonists modulate pathways involved in lipid synthesis and cell differentiation, suggesting potential therapeutic approaches for dermatosis associated with barrier damage. This review focuses on the regulatory role of NRs in the maintenance and processing of the epidermal lipid barrier through their effects on skin lipid synthesis and KC differentiation, providing novel insights for drug targets to facilitate precision medicine strategies.
STAT3‐induced lncRNA GNAS‐AS1 accelerates keloid formation by mediating the miR‐196a‐5p/CXCL12/STAT3 axis in a feedback loop
Authors: Liu Yun , Ma Teng‐Xiao , Fan Peng‐Fei , Wang Ze , Wang Zhe , Li Lei
Published: June 2024

Keloids are pathological scar tissue resulting from skin trauma or spontaneous formation, often accompanied by itching and pain. Although GNAS antisense RNA 1 (GNAS‐AS1) shows abnormal upregulation in keloids, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. The levels of genes and proteins in clinical tissues from patients with keloids and human keloid fibroblasts (HKFs) were measured using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, western blot and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The features of HKFs, including proliferation and migration, were evaluated using cell counting kit 8 and a wound healing assay. The colocalization of GNAS‐AS1 and miR‐196a‐5p in HKFs was measured using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The relationships among GNAS‐AS1, miR‐196a‐5p and C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) in samples from patients with keloids were analysed by Pearson correlation analysis. Gene interactions were validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. GNAS‐AS1 and CXCL12 expression were upregulated and miR‐196a‐5p expression was downregulated in clinical tissues from patients with keloids. GNAS‐AS1 knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation of HKFs, all of which were reversed by miR‐196a‐5p downregulation. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) induced GNAS‐AS1 transcription through GNAS‐AS1 promoter interaction, and niclosamide, a STAT3 inhibitor, decreased GNAS‐AS1 expression. GNAS‐AS1 positively regulated CXCL12 by sponging miR‐196‐5p. Furthermore, CXCL12 knockdown restrained STAT3 phosphorylation in HKFs. Our findings revealed a feedback loop of STAT3/GNAS‐AS1/miR‐196a‐5p/CXCL12/STAT3 that promoted HKF proliferation, migration and ECM accumulation and affected keloid progression.
Geographical Compactness in Shape Assessment
Authors: Murray Alan T.
Published: June 2024

Geographic shape has long been an intriguing feature of observed and defined facets of an area or region. Compactness reflects a critical element of shape with important practical and policy implications. It may suggest characteristics of urban/regional form, efficiency in trade and service provision, fairness in political representation and distributional qualities of the physical environment, among others. While there has been much study of compactness and a wealth of measures and metrics derived to reflect nuances of geographic form, there are questions that remain about their ability to characterize shape in a meaningful manner. Given this, exploration of relationships between various categories of methods for quantifying compactness is critical. Further, recent developments of, advances in and access to physics based spatial measures of compactness suggest an opportunity for better theoretical understanding. Assessment of 388 districts is carried out. Significant correlation is demonstrated between contemporary measures, opening the door for research advancements associated with the compactness of spatial shapes. This work is interesting, important, and of current relevance because compactness measures are given serious consideration in management, planning, and policy, but also are regularly relied upon in legal proceedings. Further, compactness measures continue to drive automated and semi‐automated approaches in districting and redistricting, often embedded in optimization approaches.
Clinical characteristics of women with HIV in the RESPOND cohort: A descriptive analysis and comparison to men
Authors: Hutchinson J. , Neesgard B. , Kowalska J. , Grabmeier‐Pfistershammer K. , Johnson M. , Kusejko K. , De Wit S. , Wit F. , Mussini C. , Castagna A. , Stecher M. , Pradier C. , Domingo P. , Carlander C. , Wasmuth J. , Chkhartishvili N. , Uzdaviniene V. , Haberl A. , d'Arminio Monforte A. , Garges H. , Gallant J. , Said M. , Schmied B. , van der Valk M. , Konopnicki D. , Jaschinski N. , Mocroft A. , Greenberg L. , Burns F. , Ryom L. , Petoumenos K.
Published: June 2024

Background

Women with HIV are globally underrepresented in clinical research. Existing studies often focus on reproductive outcomes, seldom focus on older women, and are often underpowered to assess sex/gender differences. We describe CD4, HIV viral load (VL), clinical characteristics, comorbidity burden, and use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among women with HIV in the RESPOND study and compare them with those of the men in RESPOND.

Methods

RESPOND is a prospective, multi‐cohort collaboration including over 34 000 people with HIV from across Europe and Australia. Demographic and clinical characteristics, including CD4/VL, comorbidity burden, and ART are presented at baseline, defined as the latter of 1 January 2012 or enrolment into the local cohort, stratified by age and sex/gender. We further stratify men by reported mode of HIV acquisition, men who have sex with men (MSM) and non‐MSM.

Results

Women account for 26.0% (n = 9019) of the cohort, with a median age of 42.2 years (interquartile range [IQR] 34.7–49.1). The majority (59.3%) of women were white, followed by 30.3% Black. Most women (75.8%) had acquired HIV heterosexually and 15.9% via injecting drug use. Nearly half (44.8%) were receiving a boosted protease inhibitor, 31.4% a non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and 7.8% an integrase strand transfer inhibitor. The baseline year was 2012 for 73.2% of women and >2019 for 4.2%. Median CD4 was 523 (IQR 350–722) cells/μl, and 73.6% of women had a VL <200 copies/mL. Among the ART‐naïve population, women were more likely than MSM but less likely than non‐MSM (p < 0.001) to have CD4 <200 cells/μL and less likely than both MSM and non‐MSM (p < 0.001) to have VL ≥100 000 copies/mL. Women were also more likely to be free of comorbidity than were both MSM and non‐MSM (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

RESPOND women are diverse in age, ethnicity/race, CD4/VL, and comorbidity burden, with important differences relative to men. This work highlights the importance of stratification by sex/gender for future research that may help improve screening and management guidelines specifically for women with HIV.
Effect of nonpharmacological interventions on nutrition status, complications and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jin Xiaolei , Fan Yuying , Guo Conghui , Yang Jianrong , Zeng Ying‐chun , Zhang Jun‐e
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of nonpharmacological therapies on nutrition status, complications and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients and to provide a basis for clinical practice.

Methods

This systematic review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis statement. Ten databases were systematically searched for all available articles from construction to November 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation. Cochrane Review Manager 5.3 was used for meta‐analysis.

Results

Finally, 27 RCT studies including 2814 patients with head and neck cancer were included. Five categories of interventions were used: nutritional support, exercise, swallowing function training, psychological intervention and low‐level laser therapy. Nonpharmacological interventions can improve body weight loss in patients with HNC at the end of treatment (MD: 1.66 kg; 95% CI: 0.80 to 2.51), and subgroup analysis showed that nutritional support, psychological intervention and low‐level laser therapy were effective. Nonpharmacological interventions can also ameliorate decreases in BMI (MD: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.16 to 1.26) and reduce the incidence of malnutrition (RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.86), oral mucositis (RR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.80) and gastrointestinal complications (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.96) during radiotherapy; however, no significant differences were found in other complications and quality of life.

Conclusion

Nonpharmacological interventions can improve the nutrition status of patients with head and neck cancer and reduce the incidence of severe oral mucositis and gastrointestinal complications during radiotherapy but have no significant impact on quality of life.
Resilient urban turnaround in migration governance studies
Authors: Zapata‐Barrero Ricard
Published: June 2024

Today, cities are under multiple pressures because they must provide responses to global migration challenges, but have limited governance capacity. This is placing chronic stress on physical infrastructures, basic resources, and urban planning, which most often cities must face alone. There is a rising awareness that doing nothing may increase instability and social conflict, giving rise to more segregation, and racism. Focusing on the crucial tension between what cities might do (sovereignty) and what they can do (constraints), this article seeks first to incorporate ‘urban resilience thinking’ into the current ‘local turn’ literature on migration governance. In order to achieve this theoretical advancement, a fourth‐pronged approach is followed. First, the article proposes that ‘urban resilience’ captures the emerging but dispersed patterns of pro‐active cities, and urges for an analysis of the development of migration governance capacities. Second, a transformative approach to urban migration governance resilience is proposed, and its conceptual consequences explored. Subsequently, the article's focus is on demonstrating the distinctive characteristics of urban resilience when applied to migration governance research, with a particular emphasis on the potential novel contributions that may arise. Finally, in light of the novelties of this research area, the main empirical environments of urban resilience are specified. The concluding remarks close the argumentation  by returning to the place of urban resilience thinking within the local turn literature, while also pointing to its normative and methodological potentialities.