bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Self-Reported Depression Symptoms and Perceived Anxiety Among Community-Dwelling U.S. Adults Reporting Tinnitus
Authors: Reavis Kelly M. , Henry James A. , Marshall Lynn M. , Carlson Kathleen F.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between tinnitus and self-reported mental health distress, namely, depression symptoms and perceived anxiety, in adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey between 2009 and 2012. A secondary aim was to determine if a history of serving in the military modified the associations between tinnitus and mental health distress.

Method

This was a cross-sectional study design of a national data set that included 5,550 U.S. community-dwelling adults ages 20 years and older, 12.7% of whom were military Veterans. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between tinnitus and mental health distress. All measures were based on self-report. Tinnitus and perceived anxiety were each assessed using a single question. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, a validated questionnaire. Multivariable regression models were adjusted for key demographic and health factors, including self-reported hearing ability.

Results

Prevalence of tinnitus was 15%. Compared to adults without tinnitus, adults with tinnitus had a 1.8-fold increase in depression symptoms and a 1.5-fold increase in perceived anxiety after adjusting for potential confounders. Military Veteran status did not modify these observed associations.

Conclusions

Findings revealed an association between tinnitus and both depression symptoms and perceived anxiety, independent of potential confounders, among both Veterans and non-Veterans. These results suggest, on a population level, that individuals with tinnitus have a greater burden of perceived mental health distress and may benefit from interdisciplinary health care, self-help, and community-based interventions.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12568475
Digitalisierung und Gesundheitswissenschaften – White Paper
Digital Public Health
Authors: Darmann-Finck Ingrid , Rothgang Heinz , Zeeb Hajo
Published: July 2020

Potenziale, Grenzen und Risiken der Digitalisierung in Public Health werden in
den kommenden Jahren ein Schwerpunkt der Arbeit des Wissenschaftsschwerpunkts
Gesundheitswissenschaften der Universität Bremen sein. Als grundlegende
Positionsbestimmung in diesem dynamischen Themenfeld wurde ein White Papier
entwickelt. Das White Paper benennt aus Sicht des Wissenschaftsschwerpunktes
grundlegende Bewertungskriterien für Digital Public Health,
identifiziert Schnittstellen und Ansatzpunkte der interdisziplinären
Zusammenarbeit und beschreibt Querverbindungen und Abgrenzungen zu Themen der
Digitalisierung in der Individualmedizin (Digital Health). Das White Paper wird
hier in einer Kurzfassung zur Diskussion gestellt.
Rückgang von Infektionen durch Streptokokken der Gruppe B bei
Neugeborenen: Analyse von Krankenversicherungsdaten 2005 bis
2017
Authors: Sorg Anna-Lisa , Obermeier Viola , Armann Jakob , Klemme Mathias , von Kries Rüdiger
Published: July 2020

Hintergrund In der Leitlinie zur Prophylaxe der frühen Form
(Early Onset Sepsis, EOS) der Neugeborenensepsis durch Streptokokken der Gruppe
B (GBS) wird ein GBS Screening aller Schwangeren empfohlen. Dieses ist jedoch
nicht Bestandteil der Mutterschaftsrichtlinien. Studienziel war die
Überprüfung des zeitlichen Verlaufs der Infektionsrate im
Zusammenhang mit dem GBS Screening.

Methodik Krankenversicherungsdaten der Jahre 2005 bis 2017 von
313 385 BARMER versicherten Mutter-Kind Paaren wurden analysiert.
Über die ICD-10 P36.0 wurde die jährliche Häufigkeit von
GBS Infektionen bei Neugeborenen ermittelt. Als Surrogat für das GBS
Screening wurde die ICD-10 B95.1 verwendet, welche bekannte positive
mütterliche GBS Besiedelung beschreibt. Durch logistische
Regressionsmodelle wurden die zeitliche Veränderungen des
Erkrankungsrisikos von EOS bei Neugeborenen untersucht.
Pearson-Korrelationskoeffizient wurde zur Bewertung des Zusammenhangs zwischen
der zeitlichen Veränderung der Häufigkeit an EOS und dem
Surrogatmarker für GBS Besiedelung verwendet.

Ergebnisse Das Erkrankungsrisiko der EOS bei Neugeborenen hat
jährlich um 9,3% abgenommen, gesamt über die
Beobachtungsjahre um 72,0%, während für die
Spätform LOS (Late Onset Sepsis) keine statistisch signifikante
Veränderung beobachtet wurde. Diese Abnahme konnte nicht durch zeitliche
Veränderungen bei Kaiserschnitten, Risikofaktoren oder
Frühgeburten erklärt werden. Eine gleichzeitige Erhöhung
des Anteils der Mütter mit bekanntem positivem GBS Status um den Faktor
3,5 korrelierte invers (r=− 0,75; p=0,002) mit
der Inzidenz von EOS.

Schlussfolgerung Die starke Abnahme der EOS in Deutschland bei
unveränderter Inzidenz von LOS könnte durch eine zunehmende
Umsetzung des Schwangerenscreenings erklärt werden.
Narrow-band imaging versus Lugol chromoendoscopy for esophageal squamous cell cancer screening in normal endoscopic practice: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gruner Mélissa , Denis Angélique , Masliah Claude , Amil Morgane , Metivier-Cesbron Elodie , Luet Dominique , Kaasis Medhi , Coron Emmanuel , Le Rhun Marc , Lecleire Stéphane , Antonietti Michel , Legoux Jean-Louis , Lefrou Laurent , Renkes Pascal , Tarreirias Anne-Laure , Balian Philippe , Rey Philippe , Prost Bénédicte , Cellier Christophe , Rahmi Gabriel , Samaha Elia , Fratte Serge , Guerrier Béatrice , Landel Verena , Touzet Sandrine , Ponchon Thierry , Pioche Mathieu
Published: July 2020

Background Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is as sensitive as Lugol chromoendoscopy to detect esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) but its specificity, which appears higher than that of Lugol chromoendoscopy in expert centers, remains to be established in general practice. This study aimed to prove the superiority of NBI specificity over Lugol chromoendoscopy in the detection of esophageal SCC and high grade dysplasia (HGD) in current general practice (including tertiary care centers, local hospitals, and private clinics).

Methods This prospective randomized multicenter trial included consecutive patients with previous or current SCC of the upper aerodigestive tract who were scheduled for gastroscopy. Patients were randomly allocated to either the Lugol or NBI group. In the Lugol group, examination with white light and Lugol chromoendoscopy were successively performed. In the NBI group, NBI examination was performed after white-light endoscopy. We compared the diagnostic characteristics of NBI and Lugol chromoendoscopy in a per-patient analysis.

Results 334 patients with history of SCC were included and analyzed (intention-to-treat) from 15 French institutions between March 2011 and December 2015. In per-patient analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood values were 100 %, 66.0 %, 21.2 %, and 100 %, respectively, for Lugol chromoendoscopy vs. 100 %, 79.9 %, 37.5 %, and 100 %, respectively, for NBI. Specificity was greater with NBI than with Lugol (P = 0.002).

Conclusions As previously demonstrated in expert centers, NBI was more specific than Lugol in current gastroenterology practice for the detection of early SCC, but combined approaches with both NBI and Lugol could improve the detection of squamous neoplasia.
Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and laparoscopic greater curve plication: do they differ at 2 years?
Authors: Lopez-Nava Gontrand , Asokkumar Ravishankar , Bautista-Castaño Inmaculada , Laster Janese , Negi Anuradha , Fook-Chong Stephanie , Nebreda Duran Javier , Espinett Coll Eduard , Gebelli Jordi Pujol , Garcia Ruiz de Gordejuela Amador
Published: July 2020

Background Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is an effective treatment option for obesity. However, data comparing its efficacy to bariatric surgery are scarce. We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of ESG with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic greater curve plication (LGCP) at 2 years.

Methods We reviewed 353 patient records and identified 296 patients who underwent ESG (n = 199), LSG (n = 61), and LGCP (n = 36) at four centers in Spain between 2014 and 2016. We compared their total body weight loss (%TBWL) and safety over 2 years. A linear mixed model (LMM) was used to analyze repeated measures of weight loss outcomes at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months to compare the three procedures.

Results Among the 296 patients, 210 (ESG 135, LSG 43, LGCP 32) completed 1 year of follow-up and 102 (ESG 46, LSG 34, LGCP 22) reached 2 years. Their mean (standard deviation [SD]) body mass index (BMI) was 39.6 (4.8) kg/m2. There were no differences in age, sex, or BMI between the groups. In LMM analysis, adjusting for age, sex, and initial BMI, we found ESG had a significantly lower TBWL, %TBWL, and BMI decline compared with LSG and LGCP at all time points (P = 0.001). The adjusted mean %TBWL at 2 years for ESG, LSG, and LGCP were 18.5 %, 28.3 %, and 26.9 %, respectively. However, ESG, when compared with LSG and LGCP, had a shorter inpatient stay (1 vs. 3 vs. 3 days; P < 0.001) and lower complication rate (0.5 % vs. 4.9 % vs. 8.3 %; P = 0.006).

Conclusion All three procedures induced significant weight loss in obese patients. Although the weight loss was lower with ESG compared with other techniques, it displayed a better safety profile and shorter hospital stay.
The Use of Domino Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Rings
Authors: Pellissier Hélène
Published: July 2020

This short review highlights the recent developments reported in the last four years on the asymmetric construction of chiral rings based on enantioselective domino reactions promoted by chiral metal catalysts.

1 Introduction

2 Formation of One Ring Containing One Nitrogen Atom

3 Formation of One Ring Containing One Oxygen/Sulfur Atom

4 Formation of One Ring Containing Several Heterocyclic Atoms

5 Formation of One Carbon Ring

6 Formation of Two Rings

7 Conclusion
Escoliose degenerativa do adulto
Authors: Cristante Alexandre Fogaça , Silva Ricardo Teixeira e , Costa Guilherme Henrique Ricardo da , Marcon Raphael Martus
Published: July 2020

O envelhecimento da população aumenta a incidência dos processos degenerativos osteomusculares, como a escoliose do adulto (EA). A EA é definida como uma deformidade da coluna no plano coronal com ângulo de Cobb > 10° e pode ocorrer devido a um processo degenerativo (escoliose de novo), evolução de uma escoliose pré-existente ou de forma iatrogênica.

A EA é uma doença potencialmente limitante que acomete um grupo heterogêneo de pacientes. O tratamento clínico se mostrou pouco efetivo e a indicação cirúrgica é frequente. No presente artigo, é apresentada uma revisão sobre a fisiopatologia, a manifestação clínica e o diagnóstico da EA. Também são apresentadas as indicações cirúrgicas e as principais técnicas utilizadas atualmente.
Estudo das lesões de sobrecarga durante período intenso de atividade física complementado com avaliação por dinamometria isocinética
Authors: Mónico José Lito , Silva Frederico , Marques José Pedro , Cardoso Joaquim , Mónico Lisete , Fonseca Fernando
Published: July 2020

Objetivo Os autores pretendem medir a incidência de lesões de sobrecarga em militares em formação, que são submetidos a exercício físico intenso, e compará-la com um grupo controle. Posteriormente, pretende-se verificar se existe alguma relação entre a ocorrência de lesões de sobrecarga e alguns parâmetros da função neuromuscular.

Métodos Estudo observacional prospectivo analítico. Grupo de observação e grupo controle constituídos por militares do Exército Português. A avaliação clínica foi feita por entrevista médica na semana que antecede o início do curso de paraquedismo militar e na semana imediatamente após o final do curso. Em simultâneo com a entrevista médica, foi realizada a avaliação da performance neuromuscular através da dinamometria isocinética.

Resultados Com 44 dos 57 militares em formação a referir queixas álgicas, o grupo de observação apresentou significativamente mais lesões que o grupo controle (p < 0.001). Cinco queixas foram de origem traumática e 39 foram lesões de sobrecarga. Dos 39 militares com lesões de sobrecarga, 21 referiram limitação do rendimento esportivo. No entanto, na avaliação por dinamometria isocinética, não se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas na evolução da performance neuromuscular (p = 0.223 e p = 0.229).

Conclusão Os militares em formação são indivíduos propensos a sofrerem lesões de sobrecarga, tendo-se obtido uma taxa de incidência de lesões de sobrecarga na ordem dos 70%. A implementação de estratégias de monitoração e prevenção das lesões são fundamentais na promoção da saúde e da capacidade física.
Novel Porcine Kidney-Based Microsurgery Training Model for Developing Basic to Advanced Microsurgical Skills
Authors: dos Reis Jose Maciel Caldas , Teixeira Renan Kleber Costa , Santos Deivid Ramos dos , Calvo Faustino Chaves , de Araújo Nayara Pontes , de Corrêa Junior Wender Jesus Pena , Pimentel Antonio Leonardo Jatahi Cavalcanti , de Barros Rui Sergio Monteiro
Published: July 2020

Background Microsurgery training is critical to the practice of microvascular procedures in many surgical areas. However, even simple procedures require different levels of complex skills. Therefore, simulation-based surgical training, mainly in the area of vascular anastomosis, is of great importance. In this paper, we present a new microsurgery training model for the development of basic to advanced microsurgical skills.

Methods Porcine kidneys were purchased from a legal butchery slaughterhouse. First, kidneys were washed with water to remove blood and clots inside vessels. Then, dissection was performed throughout the vascular pedicle from the renal arteries to the segmentary branches. Finally, the longitudinal sectioning of the kidney parenchyma was performed to expose the vessels necessary for training. Sixty end-to-end anastomoses were performed. Specific instruments and materials were used to perform anastomoses and dissections with magnification by a video system. We evaluated the diameter of vessels, time to perform anastomosis, and patency of anastomosis.

Results There was no great anatomical variation among the porcine kidneys. The total length for dissection training was 25.80 ± 7.44 cm using the arterial and venous vessel. The average time to perform arterial anastomoses was 23.79 ± 4.55 minutes. For vessel diameters of ≤ 3, 4 to 6, and 7 to 10 mm, the average procedure times were 27.68 ± 3.39, 22.92 ± 4.12, and 20.77 ± 3.44 minutes, respectively. Regarding venous anastomosis, the average duration of the procedure was 26.17 ± 4.80 minutes, including durations of 31.61 ± 3.86, 25.66 ± 4.19, and 21.24 ± 3.79 minutes for vessel diameters of ≤ 7, 8 to 10, and >10 mm, respectively. Positive patency was achieved in all surgeries.

Conclusion The porcine kidney provides an inexpensive and convenient biological model for modeling microanastomosis with high fidelity to vascular structures.
Revisit to wave breaking phenomena for the periodic Dullin–Gottwald–Holm equation
Authors: Dong Xiaofang
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we mainly devote to investigate the periodic Dullin–Gottwald–Holm equation. By overcoming the difficulties caused by the complicated mixed nonlinear structure, a very useful priori estimate is derived in Lemma 2.7. Based on Hα1-conservation and L∞-estimate of solution, some new blow-up phenomena are derived for the periodic Dullin–Gottwald–Holm equation under different initial conditions.
Low- and high-frequency nature of oblique filamentation modes. II. Vlasov–Maxwell simulations of collisionless heating process
Authors: Ghizzo A. , Del Sarto D.
Published: July 2020

The nonlinear regime of electromagnetic oblique instabilities is investigated by means of a “noiseless” semi-Lagrangian Vlasov–Maxwell solver. Starting from an initial equilibrium configuration with two counterstreaming electron beams, qualitatively different nonlinear regimes are shown to exist depending on the nature of the solutions of the linear dispersion relation, whose properties have been discussed in the companion paper I [Ghizzo et al., Phys. Plasmas 27, 072103 (2020)]. This behavior is in contrast with existing theories of the oblique instability, which are based on the excitation of a single eigenmode at a time: nonlinear transitions toward regimes dominated by low-frequency modes are generally shown to be possible. The emphasis here is on gaining a better understanding of the multiplicity of electromagnetic oblique unstable modes and on modeling their back-reaction on plasma wave-particle interactions and energy conversion mechanisms. The latter are shown to depend on the saturation scenario of the different regimes of the oblique instability. A new regime is discussed, in which a stochastic heating occurs at the expenses of the magnetic energy first amplified by the oblique modes and in which a (reversible) violation of entropy conservation is made possible by large amplitude phase-space fluctuations of the distribution function.
Highly sensitive and reusable ion-sensor based on functionalized graphene
Authors: Alves Ana Paula P. , Meireles Leonel M. , Ferrari Gustavo A. , Cunha Thiago Henrique R. , Paraense Mariana O. , Campos Leonardo C. , Lacerda Rodrigo G.
Published: July 2020

Some sub-products from the industrial activity are rich in metals, very often being highly toxic to human health and to the environment. Thus, the development of real-time and ultrasensitive techniques for metals detection is relevant. Herein, we report an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) based on l-phenylalanine functionalized graphene that detects Na+, Co2+, and Al3+ at the nanomolar range and Cu2+ at the picomolar range. Our sensor is prepared using a simple functionalization method and is reusable after a standard HCl cleaning process. Altogether, the ISFET is a promising device for real-time detection of metal ions at low concentrations.
Perturbation approaches for describing dipolar fluids and electrolyte solutions
Authors: Theiss Marc , Gross Joachim
Published: July 2020

This work proposes perturbation approaches for describing dipolar fluids as well as model and aqueous electrolyte solutions. The electrostatic pair potentials are split into short- and long-ranged contributions, whereas a third order perturbation expansion is applied for the short-ranged potentials. This circumvents the problem of divergent correlation integrals. The dipolar perturbation terms are represented through a [2,1]-Padé approximation to resum the poorly convergent series. For the remaining charge–charge and charge–dipole contributions, we present a new approximant, which provides a (quasi)linear dependence of the Helmholtz energy. The underlying correlation integrals are adjusted to results from molecular simulations. The long-ranged contribution to the electrostatic interactions is treated through an analytic expression developed by Rodgers and Weeks [J. Chem. Phys. 131, 244108 (2010)]. Theoretical predictions of our perturbation theory are compared to results from a widely used integral equation theory, namely, the mean spherical approximation, and we find that our perturbation theory provides much more accurate results. Furthermore, the theory shows some quantities in rather good agreement with reference data, namely, Helmholtz energies, internal energies, and densities at higher densities of solutions. Limitations of the approach, however, are observed for several other partial molar quantities, such as the mean activity coefficient.
Emission of charged particles from laser-induced germanium ecton, vacuum spark, and vacuum arc
Authors: Porshyn V.
Published: July 2020

The highly resolved temporal evolution of laser-induced micro-explosions on a germanium surface is studied in a triode configuration for various gate charge levels and cathode currents. Electron emission from individual spots is directly imaged with a luminescence screen, showing that the opening angle of the source is about 30°. Electron bunches of several nanocoulombs per pulse in a time interval of about 150 ns are directly extracted to the anode without vacuum breakdown in the cathodic gap. When breakdown occurs, a remarkable change in the arc behavior of a threshold gap potential of around 1 kV is observed, which hints at two different evaporation mechanisms that depend on the cathodic fall of an individual spot. Therefore, for voltages well above the threshold, a fast gate discharge is observed within the first 100–200 ns, followed by fundamental plasma oscillations and an electron emission of several μC per pulse from the plasma boundary. Additionally, highly efficient emission of germanium ion clusters occurs, evidencing a stable twofold electron multiplication in the plasma, with a charge of several μC per pulse below the threshold.
Self-organized micro-light-emitting diode structure for high-speed solar-blind optical wireless communications
Authors: Kojima K. , Yoshida Y. , Shiraiwa M. , Awaji Y. , Kanno A. , Yamamoto N. , Hirano A. , Nagasawa Y. , Ippommatsu M. , Chichibu S. F.
Published: July 2020

The origin of the fast modulation characteristics of deep ultraviolet (DUV) AlGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on AlN/sapphire templates with vicinal off-angles is reported by employing time-resolved electroluminescence (EL) and micro-imaging experiments. The LEDs have recently demonstrated Gbps-class optical wireless communication (OWC) under both room-lighting and direct-sun. The frequency response (f3dB) of the LED reached 184 MHz, which is far beyond expectations by considering the size of the LEDs. Since self-organized micro-LED structures with a low electric capacitance (C) are observed by the EL experiments, the compatibility of high efficiency and fast modulation nature of the AlGaN LEDs is explained. Our approach can overcome the dilemma, where micro-LEDs can be modulated fast but have low power, and therefore, the self-organized micro-LED structure is an ideal solution to realize practical DUV OWCs.
Lead plasmonics on texturized substrates: Pb metafilms
Authors: González-Campuzano R. , Martínez-Lara D. E. , Mendoza D.
Published: July 2020

The plasmonic response of lead films deposited on nanostructured substrates formed by nanoconcave and nanodome arrays through optical reflectance spectroscopy measurements in the 190–1400 nm wavelength range was investigated. We found that their optical reflectance can be modified by changing the dimensions of the nanostructured substrates in a manner that the observed minima can be varied in the 570–1300 nm wavelength range, which were ascribed to plasmonic resonances. Also, a comparison with aluminum and silver, two metals commonly used in plasmonics, was made showing that lead can be used as an alternative plasmonic material within the Vis-IR range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Emerging piezochromism in transparent lead free perovskite Rb3X2I9 (X = Sb, Bi) under compression: A comparative theoretical insight
Authors: Majumdar Arnab , Chakraborty Sudip , Ahuja Rajeev
Published: July 2020

Hydrostatic pressure has proven to be an alternative tool to chemical pressure to tune the crystal structure and physical and chemical properties, paving the way for a novel functional materials design. Halide perovskites consist of a large family of perovskites, with tremendous potential for energy applications. Their soft lattices and distinct behavior under pressure make them necessary to be studied under compressed conditions. Ternary antimony halides are one such class of perovskites that act as an alternative to lead (Pb) halide perovskites due to the lesser toxicity of Sb/Bi in comparison with Pb. In this letter, we have theoretically envisaged the effects of compression via hydrostatic pressure on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Rb3X2I9, where X = Sb and Bi. The bandgaps not only decrease but are also direct in the desired pressure range. The calculated effective masses decrease with pressure, thereby indicating higher mobility of the charge carriers in the compressed material. The presence of piezochromism has also been confirmed from the variation of optical properties under hydrostatic compression. Our investigations shed light on the pressure dependent sensitive tuning of electronic and optical properties of Rb3Bi2I9 and Rb3Sb2I9, rendering these materials to have significant photovoltaic applications.
Oil palm meal and urea pellet can partially replace soybean meal in the rations of lactating dairy cows
Authors: Lunsin Ratchataporn , Duanyai Suntriporn , Pilajun Ruangyote
Published: July 2020

Context
Several agro-industrial by-products such as oil palm meal could be useful as animal feeds in support of low cost of feed for livestock production.

Aims
This study investigated the effects of oil palm meal and urea pellet (PMUP) as a protein replacement for soybean meal (SBM) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fluid characteristics, milk yield and milk composition in lactating dairy cows.

Methods
Five multiparous, early to mid-lactation, Holstein-Friesian crossbred dairy cows (75% Holstein-Friesian × 25% Thai Native Bos indicus) were randomly allocated in a 5 × 5 Latin square design to receive PMUP replacement for SBM at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in concentrate.

Key results
The results show that roughage, total dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) intakes in the cows fed with 25–75% PMUP were significantly higher than in the cows fed 100% PMUP (P < 0.05), whereas the ether extract (EE) intake of the cows receiving the PMUP was higher than that of the control (P < 0.05). Accordingly, the apparent digestibility, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) of cows fed with PMUP replacement of SBM at 25–75% was higher than that in cows fed with 100% PMUP. In addition, milk yield and milk composition were not significantly different among treatments, whereas feed costs per kg milk yield was lowest in cow fed with 100% PMUP (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Replacing SBM with PMUP up to 50–100% in concentrate could reduce costs of feed per kg milk yield, but lower feed intake, nutrient utilisation and rumen fermentation were observed in cow fed with 100% PMUP. The use of PMUP from 25–75% replacement of SBM had no significant effects on the feed intake, nutrient utilisation, rumen fermentation and milk production. Therefore, the level of PMUP replacement of SBM in concentrate for lactating dairy cow should not exceed 75%.

Implications
PMUP could be used as a protein replacement for SBM in concentrate for lactating dairy cows. These findings should be applied further in practical farm condition in order to increase livestock production efficiency.
On the Efficacy of Online Drug Surveys during the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Palamar Joseph J. , Acosta Patricia
Published: July 2020

Most human subjects research involving contact with participants has been halted in the US due to the COVID-19 crisis. We have been testing an online method to recruit and survey participants as a temporary replacement for our street-intercept survey method. Online surveys already generate less generalizable findings than other surveys, but offering compensation for online survey completion further reduces generalizability because this increases mischievous submissions. In this letter we discuss methods to help detect invalid responses, such as utilizing a screener to test for eligibility and using flags to detect mischievous responses and repeat submissions. We recommend that researchers approach online recruitment and surveying with caution.
Proteomic analysis on Aspergillus strains that are useful for industrial enzyme production
Authors: Takagi Shinobu , Kojima Kaihei , Ohashi Shinichi
Published: July 2020

A simple intracellular proteomic study was conducted to investigate the biological activities of Aspergillus niger during industrial enzyme production. A strain actively secreting a heterologous enzyme was compared to a reference strain. In total, 1824 spots on 2-D gels were analyzed using MALDI-TOF MS, yielding 343 proteins. The elevated levels of UPR components, BipA, PDI, and calnexin, and proteins related to ERAD and ROS reduction, were observed in the enzyme-producer. The results suggest the occurrence of these responses in the enzyme-producers. Major glycolytic enzymes, Fba1, EnoA, and GpdA, were abundant but at a reduced level relative to the reference, indicating a potential repression of the glycolytic pathway. Interestingly, it was observed that a portion of over-expressed heterologous enzyme accumulated inside the cells and digested during fermentation, suggesting the secretion capacity of the strain was not enough for completing secretion. Newly identified conserved-proteins, likely in signal transduction, and other proteins were also investigated.

Abbreviations: 2-D: two-dimensional; UPR: unfolded protein response; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERAD: ER-associated protein degradation; PDI: protein disulfide-isomerase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RESS: Repression under Secretion Stress; CSAP: Conserved Small Abundant Protein; TCTP: translationally controlled tumor protein.
Topological sensitivities via a Lagrangian approach for semilinear problems
Authors: Sturm Kevin
Published: July 2020

In this paper we present a methodology that allows the efficient computation of the topological derivative for semilinear elliptic problems within the averaged adjoint Lagrangian framework. The generality of our approach should also allow the extension to evolutionary and other nonlinear problems. Our strategy relies on a rescaled differential quotient of the averaged adjoint state variable which we show converges weakly to a function satisfying an equation defined in the whole space. A unique feature and advantage of this framework is that we only need to work with weakly converging subsequences of the differential quotient. This allows the computation of the topological sensitivity within a simple functional analytic framework under mild assumptions.
MD-NDNet: a multi-dimensional convolutional neural network for false-positive reduction in pulmonary nodule detection
Authors: Wu Zhan , Ge Rongjun , Shi Gonglei , Zhang Lu , Chen Yang , Luo Limin , Cao Yu , Yu Hengyong
Published: July 2020

Pulmonary nodule false-positive reduction is of great significance for automated nodule detection in clinical diagnosis of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening. Due to individual intra-nodule variations and visual similarities between true nodules and false positives as soft tissues in LDCT images, the current clinical practices remain subject to shortcomings of potential high-risk and time-consumption issues. In this paper, we propose a multi-dimensional nodule detection network (MD-NDNet) for automatic nodule false-positive reduction using deep convolutional neural network (DCNNs). The underlying method collaboratively integrates multi-dimensional nodule information to complementarily and comprehensively extract nodule inter-plane volumetric correlation features using three-dimensional CNNs (3D CNNs) and spatial nodule correlation features from sagittal, coronal, and axial planes using two-dimensional CNNs (2D CNNs) with attention module. To incorporate different sizes and shapes of nodule candidates, a multi-scale ensemble strategy is employed for probability aggregation with weights. The proposed method is evaluated on the LUNA16 challenge dataset in ISBI 2016 with ten-fold cross-validation. Experiment results show that the proposed framework achieves classification performance with a CPM score of 0.9008. All of these indicate that our method enables an efficient, accurate and reliable pulmonary nodule detection for clinical diagnosis.
Dipole coupling of a hole double quantum dot in germanium hut wire to a microwave resonator
Authors: Xu Gang , Li Yan , Gao Fei , Li Hai-Ou , Liu He , Wang Ke , Cao Gang , Wang Ting , Zhang Jian-Jun , Guo Guang-Can , Guo Guo-Ping
Published: July 2020

The germanium (Ge) hut wire system has strong spin–orbit coupling, a long coherence time due to a very large heavy-light hole splitting, and the advantage of site-controlled large-scale hut wire positioning. These properties make the Ge hut wire a promising candidate for the realization of strong coupling of spin to superconducting resonators and scalability for multiple qubit coupling. We have coupled a reflection line resonator to a hole double quantum dot (DQD) formed in Ge hut wire. The amplitude and phase responses of the microwave resonator revealed that the charge stability diagrams of the DQD are in good agreement with those obtained from transport measurements. The DQD interdot tunneling rate is shown to be tunable from 6.2 GHz to 8.5 GHz, which demonstrates the ability to adjust the frequency detuning between the qubit and the resonator. Furthermore, we achieved a hole–resonator coupling strength of up to 15 MHz, with a charge qubit decoherence rate of 0.28 GHz. Meanwhile the hole spin–resonator coupling rate was estimated to be 3 MHz. These results suggest that holes of a DQD in a Ge hut wire are dipole coupled to microwave photons, potentially enabling tunable hole spin–photon interactions in Ge with an inherent spin–orbit coupling.
Photon statistics and signal to noise ratio for incoherent diffraction imaging
Authors: Trost Fabian , Ayyer Kartik , Chapman Henry N
Published: July 2020

Intensity interferometry is a well known method in astronomy. Recently, a related method called incoherent diffractive imaging (IDI) was proposed to apply intensity correlations of x-ray fluorescence radiation to determine the 3D arrangement of the emitting atoms in a sample. Here we discuss inherent sources of noise affecting IDI and derive a model to estimate the dependence of the signal to noise ratio (SNR) on the photon counts per pixel, the temporal coherence (or number of modes), and the shape of the imaged object. Simulations in two- and three-dimensions have been performed to validate the predictions of the model. We find that contrary to coherent imaging methods, higher intensities and higher detected counts do not always correspond to a larger SNR. Also, larger and more complex objects generally yield a poorer SNR despite the higher measured counts. The framework developed here should be a valuable guide to future experimental design.
BMP-2 and hMSC dual delivery onto 3D printed PLA-Biogel scaffold for critical-size bone defect regeneration in rabbit tibia
Authors: Han Shi Huan , Cha Misun , Jin Yuan-Zhe , Lee Kyung-Mee , Lee Jae Hyup
Published: July 2020

3D printing technology has various advantages, and the incorporation of bioactive substances into the 3D printed scaffold provides the biological and architectural characteristics of the scaffolds, which is very important for obtaining a good osseointegration effect. In this relation, this study prepared a novel porous hollow cage poly(lactic acid) (PLA) 3D printed scaffold and combined recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and/or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with Biogel composed of gelatin and alginate. Then, the scaffolds were used to evaluate the resulting bone regeneration through both in vitro and in vivo tests. The experimental group was divided into four groups as follows: only PLA scaffold (PLA); PLA scaffold filled with BMP-2 loaded on Biogel (P-BG-B2); PLA scaffold filled with MSCs encapsulated Biogel (P-BG-M); PLA scaffold filled with both BMP-2 and MSCs loaded on Biogel (P-BG-B2-M). Then in vitro results showed that the PLA-Biogel-based scaffold increased cell proliferation, and the P-BG-B2-M group showed a higher alkaline phosphatase activity and bone-related gene expression than was seen with the P-BG-M group at all the time points. It was shown that four weeks post-operative micro-CT analysis showed that within the defect site the P-BG-B2 group had a significantly higher percent bone volume (BV/TV) than the PLA group and P-BG-M group. And, out of the defect site, the P-BG-B2-M group BV/TV was shown significantly higher than the PLA group (p < 0.05). Histologically, defects in the P-BG-B2-M group showed a homogeneous new bone distribution, however the P-BG-B2 group and P-BG-M group presented a notably higher bone formation in the internal region than in the proximal region of the bone defect site. In conclusion, the 3D PLA-Biogel-based scaffold adapted rhBMP-2 and MSCs with carrier PLA showed good biocompatibility and high possibility as an effective and satisfactory bone graft material.
Planning for interpretation trail in Lalana Hill based on community at Cibadak Village,Ciampea Districk
Authors: Sari Hasibuan Ratna
Published: July 2020

Lalana Hill contains karst. Karst has a distinctive natural panorama that can be used as a tourist attraction for rock climbing, but there is no interpretation trail made in that place so that, it is essential that the interpretation trail has to be made. The purposte of this study was to identify the Lalana Hill interpretation trail and facilitate the establishment of Cibadak Village tourism institutions. The research method was descriptive, with data obtained in a survey and analyzed using Quantum 2.1 software overlayed with maps of Ciampea taken from Google Earth to produce an interpretation trail. The interpretation trail that resulted from this research were nine roots, ompol flowers, Melehoy, love climbs, Sawarna cliffs and peak Lalana.
Proposed classification of waste that landed on small island in Indonesia for the conservation of waterbird
Authors: Nadyanti Ivonie Regia , Mardiastuti Ani , Aulia Rahman Dede
Published: July 2020

Studies on waste in Indonesia has intensified after this country was identified as the second most plastic waste in the world. The study site was in Pulau Rambut Wildlife Sanctuary (Jakarta Bay area), where 13 rivers ended in the bay. Waste that has landed in Pulau Rambut could disturb waterbirds’s habitat. Waste was usually classified by using foreign country’s situation. Researchers usually classify waste into 6 categories: plastic, metal, glass, rubber, processed lumber/paper, and cloth/fabric. These categories are then divided in more detail, e.g. 18 types of plastic and 3 types of metal. However, some of the wastes that has been found were not classified yet. The objective of this paper was to propose classification of waste that has landed on small island in Indonesia. We identified waste that has landed in Pulau Rambut then reviewed and modified the standard classification by NOAA and UNEP. The proposed classification is organic and non-organic. This classification is to be applied for the waste that landed on small island. For household waste in urban area or along the rivers need to be developed further.
Bird species diverity in several types of land cover in Gunung Bromo University Forest, Karanganyar, Central Java
Authors: Masyithoh G , Nayasilana I N , Sugiyarto
Published: July 2020

Gunung Bromo University Forest is a sub urban forest near human settlements that located in Karanganyar, Central Java. Still rarely research on bird species in this area. Therefore, it is necessary to do research on birds diversity in Gunung Bromo University Forest to help on understanding its habitat conditions. The data will be useful for determining forest management. The aims of this research were to identify birds diversity and to find out bird guild composition. This research was conducted in various land cover types at Gunung Bromo University Forest on April-August 2019. Observation was conducted in the morning and afternoon with IPA (Indices Ponctuel d’Abondance) methode. Research area were divided into 6 observation plots, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6. Total species found in this study were 44 species of birds from 25 families. There were 2 species of protected birds, crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela) and crested hawk-eagle (Spizaetus cirrhatus). Sooty-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster), javan munia (Lonchura leucogastroides), common iora (Aegithina tiphia), linchi swiftlet (Collocalia linci), spotted dove (Spilopelia chinensis), collared kingfisher (Todiramphus chloris), and coppersmith barbet (Psilopogon haemacephalus) were the most common species in all observation plot. Insectivorous birds were the most common species found. Based on Margalef species richness index, S1 had the highest number of bird species while S6 had the lowest number of bird species. Eventhough total species that found in S3 was lower than S6, it had higher value of Margalef species richness index compare to S3.
Insects as food source for cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) in Jatibarang landfill, Semarang
Authors: Imam Fadila M. , Mardiastuti Ani , Aryati Mulyani Yeni
Published: July 2020

In the Jatibarang waste landfill, many cattle egrets were foraging for food insects. The objective of this paper was to identify insect (larvae and imago) and its abundance in Jatibarang waste landfill during March to May 2019. Plots (27 plots, 0.5x0.5m) were selected and insect larvae were collected beneath the wastes. Sweep net were used to sample flying (imago) insects. Population of cattle egret were estimated through counting from vantage points. There were 27 species of insects (larva and imago combined). Insect from the order of Diptera, mainly Musca domestica (houseflies) dan Chrysomya megacephala (oriental latrine fly) were dominant in the study area. Other insect found were 4 species of flies, 4 species of dragonflies, 5 species of butterflies and 2 species of grasshoppers. High diversity and density (up to 3373.33 individuals/m2) of the insects in in the garbage dump was able to support high population of cattle egrets, as many as 3365 indviduals. The waste landfill can serve as an artified feeding ground for cattle egrets due the abundant larvae and imago insects.
Medicinal plants of the Lesser Sunda Islands
Authors: Hidayat Syamsul , Zuhud Ervizal A.M. , Widyatmoko Didik
Published: July 2020

The ethnobotanical studies of medicinal plants have been carried out including the main ethnic groups in the Lesser Sunda Islands. The recapitulation results from the six main ethnic groups of the Lesser Sunda Islands recorded 279 species of medicinal plants (consisting of 181 wild species and 98 domesticated plants) belonging to 225 genera and 83 families. Some species recorded belong to the threatened categories, such asSantalum album, Strychnos lucida, Alstonia scholaris,andSwietenia macrophylla. Compositae was the largest family comprising 19 species followed by Fabaceae with 18 species. Of the 95 sick complaints or disease types recorded, 17 of which used more than 10 species of medicinal plants. The most common disease to use medicinal plants was fever, which utilized 41 different species. There were many similarities in the uses of medicinal plants, the highest similarity was between Sumbawa and Timor with a similarity index of 0.40 and the lowest was between Sumba and Flores with a similarity index of 0.15. It is suspected that there are still many potential plants that have not been recorded and have not been utilized by the people of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Therefore, intensive data collections need to be continued in order to preserve local knowledge and conserve medicinal plant diversity.
Pulse variations of the advertisement calls of slender toads, genus Ansonia (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) species complex in the Philippines
Authors: Bedoya N A , Nuñeza O M , Amparado Jr R F , Torres M A J , Leaño E P
Published: July 2020

The study was undertaken with the notion that pulse, as the smallest undividable unit of calling frogs/toads and a static variable, is a relevant parameter for species recognition, particularly pulse rates and number of pulses per call. Thus, would help shed light in the reassessment of the identity of the Ansonia species complex. The pulse characteristics of the advertisement calls of Ansonia species recorded from the eight rivers in Mindanao, Philippines were described and differentiated in relation to their call features, body sizes, and the ecological attributes of the rivers. The number of pulses per call, pulse rate, pulse duration, and interval were taken into account and analyzed for bioacoustics using Raven Pro 1.4 for Windows (2011). Five one-minute-call slices served as replicates per individual toad recording using a Tascam DR-1 Portable Solid State Recorder and a uni-directional external microphone. Results revealed variations in these pulse characteristics. These pulse features showed highly significant variations except for pulse interval. In general, Ansonia sp.1 of Maragang River stood as one cluster from the rest of the toads. These features also exhibited high correlations with other call parameters, peak call frequency, body sizes, and ecological features.
Is it true that forest and land fires caused the extinction of biodiversity…?
Authors: Santosa Yanto , Yudea Utami Catharina
Published: July 2020

Every year forest fire are raging across Indonesia, causing economic and ecological losses. The thought that forest fire is pushing species towards extinction resulted in a lawsuit against fires in industrial forest, although the lawsuit sometimes are not based on scientifically studies. Since 2015 some studies has been held to learn more about the effect of forest fire on species diversity. Based on the word meaning of extinction, it shows that forest fires did not cause an extinction of a species, when a species is extinct or gone in some areas but still can be found in another areas, it is called extirpation. Extinct is when no doubt that the last individual species in the world is died. Furthermore, based on many researches that have been held before, 29% research showed that the fire impact on the decrease of the species number, while 58% showed the increasing impact and 13% resulted in no change. In line with that, the impact on species richness resulted with 27% of decrease, 61% increase, 12% has no change. Meanwhile on the impact of species composition, 33% research mention that there are change 50-75% in species composition and 67% research mention that there are <50% change in species composition. The opposite of the most lawsuit that has been given, it showed that fire impact tends to increase the number of species and species richness, compared to the value of the decrease, with tendencies that the change in species composition is not significant (<50%). In conclusion, forest fire did not result in species extinction, it results in the form of a decrease and or even an increase in the number of species or species richness index and changes in species composition.
Effect of forest fire on mammals: comparisons of species diversity on different time-period and area
Authors: Santosa Y , Kwatrina R T
Published: July 2020

Fire is one of the threats to biodiversity, although it also has a positive impact on particular species. It is important to understand the response of mammals to fire concerning its function as key components of the food webs and the essential role in the ecosystem. To investigate the impact of fire on mammal biodiversity, a 40 days observation was conducted on two period times (two years and four years after fires) at a sago plantation forest in Riau Province, Indonesia. A strip transect method as direct observation was used at three conditions (burned areas, unburned areas, and conservation areas) together with traps for indirect observations. Fires have an impact on decreasing the number of species, species richness, and composition of mammals at two years after the fire but do not cause the extinction of all mammal species. The fire also impacted the number of species gain and loss, where no addition to the number of species lost in two periods. Species begin to recovery after four years including adapted generalist species, e.g. Macaca fascicularis. The presence of three different areas forms habitat heterogeneity that affects the diversity of mammal species in a post-fire habitat.