bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Én vezessek, te vezetsz vagy önvezet? – az önvezetőjármű-elfogadás öt perszóna típusa Magyarországon
Authors: Nagy Barbara , Prónay Szabolcs , Lukovics Miklós
Published: September 2022

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA

Az önvezető járművek technológiai fejlesztői világszerte már több száz város közútjain folytatnak utcai teszteket. Az önvezető technológia közelsége egyre erőteljesebben kelti fel a társadalomtudósok érdeklődését, melynek köszönhetően egyre többet tudunk a fogyasztók önvezetőtechnológia-elfogadásáról. Ezen kutatások többsége a teljes alapsokaságra, nem pedig annak egyes részeire fogalmaz meg állításokat, továbbá a relatíve kis számú szegmentálás jórészt fejlett országokra készült. Kevés információval rendelkezünk ezáltal arról, hogy az önvezető járművekről azonosított technológia elfogadási attitűdök milyen szegmentumok mentén rendeződnek Magyarországon, ezáltal az egyes szegmentumok jellemzőit is csak korlátozottan ismerjük, ami negatív hatással lehet a technológia elterjedésére. Kutatásunk célja, hogy a magyar fogyasztókat az önvezető járművekkel kapcsolatos attitűdjük alapján homogén csoportokba sorolja, valamint hogy megadja ezen csoportok legfőbb jellemzőit.

ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN

Kutatásunk során többváltozós adatelemzési módszereket alkalmaztunk: az 517 elemű mintán elvégzett kérdőíves felmérésünk eredményeit faktoranalízis majd klaszteranalízis segítségével bontottuk egymástól szignifikánsan különböző csoportokba. Ezt követően kereszttábla elemzések segítségével azonosítottuk az egyes szegmentumok főbb jellemzőit.

LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK

Az önvezető járművekkel kapcsolatos attitűd szempontjából ötféle szegmentumot határoltunk le: i) hagyománykedvelő elutasítók, ii) nyitott kalandvágyók, iii) bizonytalan optimisták, iv) bizalmatlan kételkedők, v) tartózkodó megfigyelők. További fontos eredményünk, hogy ezen szegmentumok legfontosabb jellemzőit is meghatároztuk így számukra célzott kommunikációt lehet megvalósítani.

GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK

Kutatásunkkal arra szeretnénk felhívni a figyelmet, hogy az önvezető járművek piacán a kiemelten fontos a szegmentálás. Az innovációk elterjedése ugyanis egy kommunikációs folyamatnak is tekinthető: a megfelelő csatornákon eljuttatott megfelelő információk elősegíthetik a technológia megértését és elfogadását. Ez azonban csak akkor valósítható meg hatékonyan, ha a fogyasztókat szegmentáljuk és megismerjük az egyes szegmensek jellemzőit és igényeit, melyekre illesztve személyre szabott kommunikációs stratégia mentén erősíthető a technológia elfogadás. Eredményeinkkel közös gondolkodásra invitáljuk a marketing szakmát annak érdekében, hogy a mindannyiunk jövőjét érintő technológiai robbanás a marketing eszköztár segítségével a lehető legnagyobb mértékben szolgálhassa a társadalmi jólétet.
Active Vision in Sight Recovery Individuals with a History of Long-Lasting Congenital Blindness
Authors: Ossandón José P. , Zerr Paul , Shareef Idris , Kekunnaya Ramesh , Röder Brigitte
Published: September 2022

What we see is intimately linked to how we actively and systematically explore the world through eye movements. However, it is unknown to what degree visual experience during early development is necessary for such systematic visual exploration to emerge. The present study investigated visual exploration behavior in 10 human participants whose sight had been restored only in childhood or adulthood, after a period of congenital blindness because of dense bilateral congenital cataracts. Participants freely explored real-world images while their eye movements were recorded. Despite severe residual visual impairments and gaze instability (nystagmus), visual exploration patterns were preserved in individuals with reversed congenital cataract. Modeling analyses indicated that, similar to healthy control subjects, visual exploration in individuals with reversed congenital cataract was based on the low-level (luminance contrast) and high-level (object components) visual content of the images. Moreover, participants used visual short-term memory representations for narrowing down the exploration space. More systematic visual exploration in individuals with reversed congenital cataract was associated with better object recognition, suggesting that active vision might be a driving force for visual system development and recovery. The present results argue against a sensitive period for the development of neural mechanisms associated with visual exploration.
Russians in Wartime and Defensive Consolidation
Authors: Morris Jeremy
Published: September 2022

Apart from some protests, most ordinary Russians have not overtly opposed their country’s invasion of Ukraine, but nor do they appear to support it enthusiastically. Long-term ethnographic research in the country suggests that Russians have entered a phase of “defensive consolidation,” a psychological means of coping with a state that does little for their welfare and has now left the country largely isolated with its military aggression against its closest neighbor. In the search for lost collective purpose since the collapse of the Soviet Union, patriotism is imbued with nostalgia and desperation.
Davranışsal iktisat perspektifinden güven ve karşılıklılık oyunu: Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisat Bölümü örneği
Authors: BOZOĞLAN Bedrettin , GÜLPINAR DEMİRCİ Vildan
Published: September 2022

Güven ve karşılıklılık, bir yatırım oyunu ile davranışsal iktisat literatüründe sıklıkla ele alınan kavramlar haline gelmiştir.  Güven oyunu, ekonomik çıkarların ön planda tutulmasının beklendiği bir ortamda, kişilerarası etkileşimlerde bireysel güvenme ve karşılıklılık davranışlarını araştırmak için kullanılır. Güven, yol gösteren davranışsal bir içgüdü olarak ele alınırken karşılıklılık, dostça eylemlere yanıt olarak, insanların genellikle kişisel çıkar modelinin öngördüğünden çok daha iyi ve iş birliği içinde olmaları anlamına gelir. Bu araştırmada, güven oyunu deneyi, Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisat bölümünden 60 öğrencinin katılımıyla tekrarlanmış ve sonuçlar En Küçük Kareler (EKK) yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda kişisel çıkar öngörüsünden ziyade, güven ve karşılıklılık prensibinin geçerli olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçlar literatürün büyük bölümünde elde edilen sonuçlarla paralellik göstermektedir. Araştırma kapsamında bireylerin psikolojik durumlarının güven tutumlarını etkilediği yönündeki literatür dikkate alınarak, katılımcıların depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyleri de incelenmiştir. Sonuçta güven düzeyini temsil etmek üzere gönderilen tutar ile anksiyete arasında %14,8, depresyon arasında ise %18,8’lik negatif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın, bireylerin ekonomik davranışlarında psikolojik durumlarının da dikkate alınması açısından literatüre katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.
BIST’te toptan ve perakende ticaret, lokantalar ve oteller sektöründe işlem gören işletmelerde beklenen kredi zararının finansal durum tablolarına etkisi
Authors: ÇAĞLAR Semra , DURSUN Günay Deniz
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye Finansal Raporlama Standardı 9 Finansal Araçlar (TFRS 9) ile uygulamaya konulan beklenen kredi zararlarının Borsa İstanbul A.Ş.’de (BIST) işlem gören Toptan ve Perakende Ticaret, Lokantalar ve Oteller Sektöründeki işletmelerin finansal durum tablolarına etki düzeylerini belirlemektir. Araştırma kapsamında, BIST’te işlem gören Toptan ve Perakende Ticaret, Lokantalar ve Oteller Sektöründeki işletmelerin 2018-2021 dönemlerine ait finansal durum tabloları ve dipnotlarından elde edilen beklenen kredi zararı / dönen varlık oranının; likidite oranları, finansal yapı oranları, kârlılık oranları ve büyüme oranları ile etkisi panel veri analiz yöntemleri ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları değerlendirildiğinde; beklenen kredi zararı / dönen varlık oranının; likidite oranları, finansal yapı oranları, kârlılık oranları ve büyüme oranları üzerinde olumsuz yönde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Beklenen kredi zararı / dönen varlık oranı; işletmelerin likit varlıkları, kısa vadeli alacakları, dönen varlıkları, aktif toplamı, kârlılıkları ve öz kaynakları üzerinde azalışa sebep olmuştur.
Governance content, financial risk and innovation: A panel data analysis
Authors: İMAMOĞLU Hatice , PAYASLIOĞLU Cem
Published: September 2022

The effects of governance content characteristics, financial risk, financial development, and innovation infrastructure variables on the size of patent applications in advanced nations during the post-crisis period are examined in this research. For the 2010-2015 period, a panel dataset of 29 advanced economies was employed. The paper uses a Poisson and a Negative Binomial framework to accommodate national heterogeneity and dispersion concerns. According to the estimation results, financial development and financial risk index benefit patent applications, research and development expenditure, intellectual property rights, and gross fixed capital creation. In addition, according to this study, controlling corruption and upholding the rule of law boost innovation, whereas regulatory quality inhibits innovation in advanced economies.
Türkiye’de kadın istihdam oranı ile enflasyon arasındaki ilişki: Fourier ADL eşbütünleşme analizi
Authors: DOĞANER Ayça
Published: September 2022

Enflasyon nominal milli gelirin reel milli gelire göre artması anlamına gelmektedir. Bu durumda fiyatlar genel düzeyi, sürekli ve hissedilir şekilde yükselmektedir. Enflasyon, hane halkının satın alma gücü üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu nedenle, aslında çalışma isteğinde olmayan kadınlar, enflasyonun yüksek olması nedeniyle aile gelirleri azaldığından, aile bütçelerine destek olmak amacıyla işgücüne daha fazla katılma eğilimi sergileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de kadın istihdam oranları ile enflasyon oranları arasındaki ilişki 1990-2020 dönemi için araştırılmak istenmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında Fourier temelli testler kullanılmıştır. Değişkenlerin durağanlık düzeyleri hem geleneksel birim kök testleriyle hem de Fourier ADF birim kök testi ile sınanmıştır. Yapılan testlerin sonucunda, değişkenlerin düzeyde durağan olmadıkları, birinci mertebeden durağan oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkinin tespiti için ise Fourier ADL eşbütünleşme testi yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, kadın istihdam oranı ile enflasyon oranları değişkenleri arasında eşbütünleşik bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiş olup, uzun dönemde enflasyon oranındaki artış yönündeki değişimlerin kadın istihdam oranlarını artırdığı tespit edilmiştir.
Laboratory Configurations for PCM-TES Materials: A Review
Authors: Munteanu Ioana G. , Tudose Eugenia T. Iacob
Published: September 2022

The global energy crisis and the negative impact on the environment of the existing technologies have constrained researchers to capture several types of waste energy using different technologies and materials. For heat, energy harvesting technologies include a major source, the sun, and as an effective storage media, phase change materials. The current review covers experimental laboratory configurations used for thermal energy storage (TES), mainly with phase change materials as working fluids. The required characteristics of PCM-TES materials are covered. Geometric configurations, starting with simple shell-and-tube heat exchanger (HX), other multiple constructive alternatives, plate HX, and also modular HX or fixed and fluidized beds systems are overviewed in order to concentrate on heat transfer characteristics important for TES systems operation and optimization. Emphasis falls on important constructive characteristics for thermal performance, such as the heat charge and discharge rates, within specific temperature ranges, depending on the type of TES fluid used, the energy storage capacity, or density. The advantages and disadvantages of each constructive piece of equipment are critically reviewed. Some comparisons among designs are also included, with an accent on beneficial alterations to improve thermal features.
The Insight into Obstetric Care near the Front Line in Kharkiv
Authors: Lakhno Igor
Published: September 2022

Objectives: The invasion of Russian troops into independent Ukraine has changed the humanitarian situation in the Kharkiv region. The paper is focused on the peculiarities and issues of the management of labor and delivery near the front line.Materials and methods: Totally 2030 patients were enrolled in the study. 1410 women who delivered in the second half of 2021 were enrolled in Group I. 620 women who delivered in the first half of 2022 were observed in Group II. Some patients from Group II were used for the investigation of the comparative situation during first months of 2022. 85 women who delivered in January were included in Subgroup IIA. 94 women who have completed their pregnancies and delivered in February were observed in Subgroup IIB. 67 case histories of deliveries which occurred during March were united in Subgroup Group IIC.Results: The level of anemia, uterine contractile activity in labor abnormalities, and episiotomies were surprisingly lower during wartime in March. The obtained results showed an almost similar level of obstetric complications, maternal comorbidities, and interventions during labor and delivery in all groups. The stressed environment was a possible reason for the elevation of cardiovascular disease and endocrine disorders.Conclusion: The study did not reveal any significant changes in the structure of maternal pathologies and obstetric complications during the first months of wartime near the front line. But later the levels of cardiovascular disease and endocrine disorders were found to be elevated.
Nationalism, Modernization and the Polylogue of Civilizations
Authors: Kavolis Vytautas
Published: September 2022

This is a translation of the article “Nationalism, Modernization and the Polylogue of Civilizations” by Lithuanian sociologist Vytautas Kavolis. The original article was published in English in 1991 in the Comparative Civilizations Review, and the Lithuanian translation appeared in 1992 in a journal Proskyna (translated by Saulius Spurga). In this article Kavolis discusses complex relationship of nationalism and cultural configurations of modernity, postmodernity and antimodernist thinking. He considers how different forms of thinking shape the violent and humane manifestations of nationalism, and what opportunities are offered by globalization to the national identity.
МІГРАЦІЙНА БЕЗПЕКА ДЕРЖАВИ ЯК ОСНОВА ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ І РОЗВИТКУ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО КАПІТАЛУ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: ВАРНАЛІЙ Захарій , ВАСИЛЬЦІВ Тарас , ЛЕВИЦЬКА Ольга
Published: September 2022

Великий геополітичний перерозподіл наприкінці минулого століття спричинив зміну уявлень про міграцію та її роль у розвитку постіндустріального суспільства. Саме тоді викристалізувалася безпекова парадигма сучасних міграційних процесів. Динаміка і наслідки міграції у світі формують об’єктивну потребу у виокремленні міграційної безпеки як незалежної складової системи національної безпеки і в її інституціональній формалізації.
Понятійний плюралізм у сфері міграційної безпеки зумовлений неоднозначним трактуванням самого явища міграції та багатоаспектністю його прояву. Авторська позиція передбачає розуміння поняття міграційної безпеки як стану захищеності національних інтересів у сфері міграції від впливу реальних і потенційних загроз, забезпечення якого є пріоритетним завданням діяльності системи державних і недержавних інституцій, які вживають узгоджених заходів щодо реалізації та захисту цих інтересів.
Важливими аспектами в дослідженнях міграційної безпеки є характер і вектори впливу міграційних процесів. Вплив залежить від виду і форми міграційної активності, типу суспільства відносно міграційного ресурсу (країни-донори, країни-реципієнти, транзитні країни, країни змішаного типу), рівня залежності від зовнішньої міграції, міри врегульованості цих процесів, ступеня резилентності соціоекономічних систем.
Обґрунтовано, що безпековий потенціал України прямо пов'язаний з рівнем міграційних ризиків і загроз (поряд з іншими чинниками), а конкурентоспроможність економіки визначається її інтелектуально-кадровим потенціалом. «Вимивання» класу інтелектуалів призводить до відставання суспільства, зниження темпів зростання і соціального напруження. Україна є яскравим прикладом такої ситуації, а з початком повномасштабної війни міграційні ризики трансформувалися в реальні загрози.
Мінімізація загроз і нарощування позитивних міграційних ефектів є необхідними компонентами політики забезпечення національної безпеки цивілізованих країн в умовах нестабільності. Цієї дуальності вимагають сучасні міграційно-гуманітарні кризи, які формують нові безпекові виклики у світі, а сама міграційна безпека набуває екзистенційного значення.
СТРАТЕГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ДЕРЖАВНИМ БОРГОМ
Authors: КУДРЯШОВ Василь
Published: September 2022

Розв’язана РФ війна проти України призвела до різкого загострення ризиків мобілізації доходів і зростання витрат. Виявилася необхідність залучення значних обсягів додаткового ресурсу, зокрема, шляхом розширення запозичень. Значного зростання боргового фінансування не передбачалося середньостроковими планами, що ускладнює прийняття управлінських рішень під час війни. Водночас боргове фінансування з внутрішніх джерел здійснюється за недостатньої активності приватних інвесторів. Наслідком стало посилення тенденції до зростання частки ОВДП у власності НБУ і банків, що спричинило загострення ризиків фінансової стабільності. Виявилася необхідність внесення суттєвих змін до управління державними борговими зобов’язаннями, передусім, оновлення стратегічних підходів, які б передбачали вирішення не лише поточних проблем, а й у довго- і середньостроковій перспективі. Для цього необхідно визначити засади стратегії управління державним боргом не тільки в період війни, а й у післявоєнний час, обґрунтувати пропозиції таі рекомендації щодо внесення змін до її забезпечення.
Нова Стратегія управління державним боргом має спрямовуватись як на фінансування заходів протидії російській агресії, так і на стабілізацію економіки в післявоєнний період і відновлення поступального розвитку країни. Для цього запропоновано передбачити декілька етапів вирішення таких завдань: 1) розширення боргової експансії, 2) забезпечення стабілізації державних фінансів, 3) повернення до використання фіскальних правил, переорієнтація на підтримку економічного зростання і фінансування заходів в умовах надзвичайних ситуацій.
При розробленні Стратегії слід уточнити зміст державного боргу, мету управління борговими зобов’язаннями, його цілі й завдання. Передбачено доповнити її розробкою державного боргового портфеля (що відображатиме комбінацію боргових інструментів з урахуванням ризиків їх упровадження), внести зміни в механізми мобілізації ресурсів, погашення й обслуговування позик, провести їх реструктуризацію і рефінансування.
ДЕРЖАВНІ ФІНАНСИ В ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ СТАБІЛЬНОСТІ ФІНАНСОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ КРАЇНИ
Authors: РАДІОНОВ Юрій
Published: September 2022

Розкрито структуру державних фінансів у сучасних умовах. Досліджено динаміку доходів і видатків як зведеного, так і Державного  бюджету України у 2011–2021 рр., а також за п’ять місяців 2022 р. Встановлено, що протягом останніх десятиліть бюджети виконувались із суттєвим дефіцитом. З початком повномасштабного вторгнення РФ на територію України проблеми виконання бюджету загострились. Оскільки значна кількість підприємств припинила свою діяльність, це призвело до серйозних проблем з наповненням бюджету та його виконанням за видатками. Зниження доходів спричинило зростання дефіциту бюджету і необхідність пошуку додаткових джерел фінансування покриття бюджетних видатків.
Запропоновано власне визначення терміна «стабільність фінансової системи». Обґрунтовано, що неефективні управління й використання бюджетних видатків є чинником дестабілізації фінансової системи країни. Наголошено, що Національний банк України при оцінюванні стабільності фінансової системи повинен ураховувати цей чинник і  аналізувати взаємозв’язки між основними гравцями фінансового сектору, у тому числі й сектору державних фінансів.
Підкреслено, що в умовах воєнного стану потрібно не скорочення бюджетних видатків, а натомість нарощування доходів бюджету. Запропоновано напрями збільшення надходжень за рахунок упровадження справедливої фіскальної системи. Акцентовано на тому, що в системі управління державними фінансами кожна інституція повинна виконувати свою унікальну роль і всі разом забезпечувати гармонію відносин, надійність, дієвість системи. Бюджетні видатки слід завжди раціонально і ефективно використовувати, а в умовах воєнного стану – передусім концентруватися на потребах армії, допомозі постраждалим, утриманні й відновленні об’єктів критичної інфраструктури, фінансуванні захищених статей і пріоритетних напрямів розвитку країни.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adolescent Police Contact in the United Kingdom
Authors: Jackson Dylan B. , Jindal Monique , Testa Alexander , Ganson Kyle T. , Fix Rebecca L. , Nagata Jason M.
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent in the population and yield several adverse consequences for child health and development as they accumulate. The objective of the current study is to examine the association between ACEs and adolescent police contact using a national, longitudinal study of adolescents born in the United Kingdom.

METHODS

Data come from a sample of 11 313 adolescents who participated in the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), which is a national, longitudinal study of adolescents born in the United Kingdom between 2000 and 2002. Accumulating ACEs were measured at ages 5 and 7 years and reports of police contact were measured at age 14 years, including being stopped and questioned, warned/cautioned, and arrested.

RESULTS

Accumulating ACEs at ages 5 and 7 years are associated with a significant increase in the odds of experiencing police stops by age 14 years, with 3 or more ACEs corresponding to a 100% increase in the odds of police stops. Additional analyses reveal that behavioral health factors at age 11 years explain 58.5% to 78.1% of the association between ACEs and adolescent police stops, with externalizing behavior explaining the largest portion of the association. Finally, accumulating ACEs were most relevant to being warned/cautioned or arrested by police.

CONCLUSIONS

A history of accumulating ACEs during early childhood elevates the likelihood of police contact by age 14 years, in part by undermining behavioral health. Findings highlight the potential for early interventions in the lives of ACE-exposed adolescents to curtail justice system involvement.
Head Lice
Authors: Nolt Dawn , Moore Scot , Yan Albert C. , Melnick Laura ,   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, COMMITTEE ON PRACTICE AND AMBULATORY MEDICINE, SECTION ON DERMATOLOGY
Published: September 2022

Head lice infestation is associated with limited morbidity but causes a high level of anxiety among caregivers of school-aged children and adolescents. Since the 2015 clinical report on head lice was published by the American Academy of Pediatrics, new medications have been approved, and an algorithm for management of affected patients is included. This revised clinical report clarifies current diagnosis and treatment protocols.
Producción y descomposición de hojarasca de especies forestales en sistemas silvopastoriles, Valle del Sinú, Colombia
Authors: Tapia-Coronado Jairo J. , Contreras José L. , Martínez-Atencio Judith , López Leonardo , Rodríguez José L.
Published: September 2022

Introducción. Los sistemas de producción tradicionales de ganadería generan degradación de suelos, por lo cual es importante implementar sistemas silvopastoriles como una alternativa para la producción bovina de carne y leche. Objetivo. Cuantificar la producción de hojarasca foliar de especies leñosas perennes (Gmelina arborea - Melina, Tabebuia rosea - Roble, Acacia mangium – Acacia) y el aporte potencial de nutrientes al suelo (ciclaje de nutrientes) dentro de sistemas silvopastoriles. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluó la producción y descomposición de hojarasca de especies forestales en campos sembrados con una variedad de gramínea del género Brachiaria, en el Valle medio del Sinú, Colombia, durante mayo a septiembre de 2013. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron Pr= Brachiaria híbrido cv. Mulato II, SSP1 = Tabebuia rosea + Brachiaria cv. Mulato II, SSP2= Acacia mangium + Brachiaria cv. Mulato II y SSP3= Gmelina arborea + Brachiaria cv Mulato II. Resultados. Hubo mayor producción de hojarasca en especies forestales dentro de los sistemas silvopastoriles. La especie forestal G. arborea obtuvo los mayores aportes potenciales de nutrientes en la hojarasca con el siguiente patrón descendente en kg ha-1: C 4069,6 > Ca 96,47 >N 62,46 > K 37,48 > Mg 23,60 > P 14,57. La hojarasca de la pastura Mulato II y la especie forestal G. arborea exhibieron mayor velocidad de descomposición (k= 1,87 y k=1,77, respectivamente) que el resto de las especies evaluadas. Conclusiones. Las especies forestales evaluadas mejoraron la calidad del suelo mediante un mayor aporte de hojarasca y un mayor aporte potencial de nutrientes.
Dynamics of the development of subcutaneous fat depots in rabbits – a gross anatomical and microscopic study
Authors: Yonkova P. Y.
Published: September 2022

In this study, gross anatomical and microscopic features of interscapular (IsFD) and inguinal (InFD) fat depots of 24 New Zealand White rabbits were evaluated. Rabbits were equally distributed into 4 groups: 1st - newborns, 2nd - 1 month old, 3rd - 2 months old and 4th - 3 months old. The cranial subcutaneous fat pad in newborns covered dorsal and ventral cervical and interscapular regions. As age advanced, cervical lobes underwent a rapid reduction but the development of interscapular lobes continued. IsFD in rabbits from 1st and 2nd group was composed of both white and brown adipocytes, while in 3rd and 4th groups it consisted of white adipocytes only. InFD in rabbits from all tested groups occupied respective inguinal region and no age-dependent changes in shape and topography were observed. In all groups InFD was composed of white adipocytes only. The highest growth rate of interscapular and inguinal adipocytes was established in one-month-old rabbits. Differences in anatomy and histology of interscapular and inguinal fat depots in rabbits could be successfully used for comparison in other experiments in the field of adipobiology and autologous transplantation, where fat depots undergo significant morphological changes.
Predictive factors of cytoreduction: laparoscopy diagnostic as treatment of choice in patients with advanced forms of serous ovarian cancer
Authors:   National Cancer Institute, Kiev, Svintsitskiy V. , Rekuta A. ,   National Cancer Institute, Kiev
Published: September 2022

Ovarian cancer (OC) holds the first place in a structure of mortality among oncogynecology diseases all over the world. Complex approach in treatment of advanced forms of serous ovarian cancer (SOC) (stages III-IV by FIGO) – suggests a combination of surgery and chemotherapy methods – as the world standard. Nowadays, use of operative intervention at the preliminary stage of treatment (primary cytoreduction) is regarded as preferred and contributes to remote therapy results in women, if compared to those patients whose treatment started with the courses of neoajuvant chemotherapy. Nevertheless, just volume of residual tumor belongs to the most important predictive factors in patients with SOC, therefore, depth of cytoreductive surgery completion is considered to be a mainstay in treatment of such women. Macroscopic absence of residual tumor – its full cytoreduction is referred to as the «gold standard» in surgery treatment of OC. At present, there are no efficient methods which would allow to predict a full extent of cytoreduction and, as a result, to identify the group of patients with justified neoajuvant chemotherapy and the next cytoreduction in intervals, as well as women who will benefit from performing primary cytoreduction. Diagnostic laparoscopy for assessment of tumor process spreading and predicting the volume of cytoreduction was first time conducted in 1998. Until presently, only 1 randomized study (the Netherlands, 2016) had been carried out with participation of 201 women to evaluate effectiveness of diagnostic laparoscopy as a predictive factor of cytoreduction. The other studies were conducted as non-randomized pro– and retrospective. Review of literature proposed in the article allows introducing the data and all results of such studies. Use of laparoscopy as the predictor of cytoreduction in combination with radiology diagnostic methods allows making much personalized approaches in therapy of women with advanced forms of SOC and therefore, will contribute to better remote results of treatment. Key words: serous ovarian cancer, diagnostic laparoscopy, cytoreductive surgery.
Modern prognosis markers of preeclampsia
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education MH of Ukraine, Kiev, Romanenko T.G. , Sulimenko O.M. ,   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education MH of Ukraine, Kiev
Published: September 2022

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to WHO, severe preeclampsia complicates from 2 to 8% of all pregnancies and in the structure of direct causes of maternal mortality still occupies 2 place and is about 14%. Preeclampsia remains one of the main causes of infant morbidity (640–780‰) and perinatal mortality (18–30‰). The search for clinical diagnostic markers that would allow high precision and specificity to determine the onset time of preeclampsia. None of the markers known today are alone capable of reliably confirming the development of preeclampsia. The prognostic model is an alternative basis for clinical practice that allows for the prediction of results and for timely decision-making on how to improve them. The practical recommendations of the world’s major profile organizations on the use of prognostic models are reviewed. The position of the key profile organizations on the prediction of pre-eclampsia at the present stage and the involvement of prognostic models in this study are investigated. The data of the conducted researches on the use of biochemical markers and their combination in predicting the development of preeclampsia were collected. The most promising prognostic models using anamnestic, instrumental data and biochemical marker results have been studied. The predictive value and specificity of these models for determining the early and late manifestation of preeclampsia, as well as their possible introduction into clinical practice, are presented. Key words: preeclampsia, prognosis, pregnancy, maternal mortality, hypertension, biochemical markers.
Investigation of physical and chemical parameters of the raw hydrocarbon material base of Kaliningrad region for the concept development of an oil refinery
Authors: Shcherban Pavel , Masyutin Yakov , Vatagina Anna , Belova Margarita , Stolyarenko Alexander
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the factors that determine the necessity of oil refinery construction in the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation. The assessment of the existing and prospective raw material base is performed. The data for the development of the feasibility study for an oil refinery construction are formed and analyzed. Taking into account the outdated data on the parameters of hydrocarbon raw materials produced in the region, as well as significant changes in the raw material base due to the tendency to develop offshore, rather than continental, fields the physical and chemical parameters of the oil fields of the Kaliningrad region are investigated for the possibility of their further use in oil refining in order to obtain high-quality gasoline and diesel fuel. The laboratory studies of oil samples on viscosity, density, fractional composition, content of sulfur, chloride salts, mechanical impurities, water, and flash point determination are carried out on the basis of the Russian state standards. The different variants of the refinery layouts are analyzed, considering the available raw material base. Taking into account the initial data obtained, a preliminary pre-design study of the technological scheme and the refinery mass balance is carried out and presented in the article.
Dış Ticaret Açığı Veren Ülkelerde Döviz Kurunun Dış Ticaret Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: SALİHOĞLU Esengül
Published: September 2022

Serbest ticaretin yükselişini küreselleşmenin ve teknolojik gelişmelerin desteklemesiyle döviz kurlarının önemi giderek artmıştır. Esnek kur sistemlerinde döviz kurunun dış ticaret hacmine ve dolayısıyla toplam üretime etki etmesi beklenmektedir. Bu kapsamda ekonomi politikası uygulamalarında döviz kurunun dış ticaretle ilişkisinin anlaşılabilmesi önemlidir. Çalışmanın amacı, seçilmiş ülkelerde döviz kuru ve dış ticaret hacimleri arasındaki ilişkinin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesiyle literatüre katkı sağlanmasıdır. Bu doğrultuda 2020 yılında en fazla dış ticaret açığı veren sekiz ülkenin (ABD, İngiltere, Hindistan, Fransa, Türkiye, Mısır, Filipinler ve Pakistan) reel efektif döviz kuru (REDK) ile ithalat ve ihracat hacimleri arasındaki ilişki, Ocak 2003–Ocak 2022 döneminde aylık veriler kullanılarak tahmin edilmiştir. Analize döviz kurunu temsilen REDK’nın dahil edilmesiyle dış ticarette önemli belirleyiciler olan yurtiçi fiyatlar ile ticaret yapılan ülkelerdeki fiyatlar da değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz yöntemi tercihinde ülkelerin heterojen yapıları ve seriler arasındaki yatay kesit bağımlılık dikkate alınmıştır. Serilerin özellikleriyle uyumlu olan yeni nesil ekonometrik yöntemlerin kullanıldığı analizde sırasıyla CADF ve CIPS birim kök testleri, ardından Westerlund (2008) Durbin-Hausman Eşbütünleşme Testi, devamında Pesaran’ın (2006) geliştirdiği Ortak İlişkili Etkiler (CCE) Tahmincisi ile Emirmahmutoğlu ve Köse’nin geliştirdiği (2011) Panel Nedensellik Testi uygulanmıştır. Analiz bulguları şu şekilde sıralanmıştır. Eşbütünleşme Testi sonuçlarına göre analize dahil edilen ülkelerin tamamında REDK, ithalat ve ihracat hacmi arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Ardından modellerin uzun dönem katsayıları tahmin edilmiştir. CCE tahmin bulgularına göre ihracat hacmi uzun dönemde REDK’dan negatif, ithalat ve ihracat hacimleri ise birbirlerinden pozitif yönde etkilenmişlerdir. Panel Nedensellik Testi'nin Panel Fisher test istatistiği sonuçlarına göre, ihracat hacmi ve REDK arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. REDK ile dış ticaret hacimleri arasındaki ilişkilerin kısa dönemde çift yönlü olması değişkenler arasındaki etkileşimin döngüsel olduğunu göstermiştir.
Water immersion and one-year storage influence germination of the pyrenes of Copernicia alba Morong, a palm tree from a neotropical wetland
Authors: Soares Vanessa Couto , Andrade Luís Felipe Daibes de , Damasceno-Junior Geraldo Alves , Lima Liana Baptista de
Published: September 2022

Palm seeds are known for displaying dormancy and a thick endocarp that delays germination and embryo growth; but water treatments may accelerate their germination process. Additionally, ex-situ conservation can cause seed viability loss over time. Data on seed dormancy and storage have been neglected for many native palm species in Brazil. We investigated the effect of water treatments and one-year storage on the germination of Copernicia alba Morong, a palm tree from the Brazilian Pantanal wetland. To address our aim, fresh and stored pyrenes were immersed in water (at room temperature for 24, 48, and 72h) and in hot water (~75°C for 5- and 10-min). Fresh pyrenes germinated up to 84% in control, reaching 100% after water immersion for 48 and 72h. In contrast, one-year storage reduced germination by almost 50%, but water immersion slightly increased the germination of stored pyrenes. On the contrary, hot water decreased germination for both fresh and stored pyrenes. Seeds of C. alba may be classified as orthodox seed storage behavior. Taken all together, water treatments at room temperature improved the germination of the pyrenes. In contrast, long-term seed storage and hot-water treatments may jeopardize germination.
Impact behaviour of dry granular flow against baffle structure: coupled effect of Froude and particle characteristics
Authors: Zhang Bei , Huang Yu
Published: September 2022

The baffle design resisting dry granular flow is still impeded by the effect of the particle size distribution coupled with the influence of Froude characteristics on baffle performance – for example, the deceleration process and run-up process. Based on discrete-element method simulation, this study investigated the baffle deceleration and granular flow run-up. Baffle deceleration is controlled by the change of particle contact behaviour behind the baffle slits and is more sensitive to the particle size than the Froude characteristics of granular flow. Although the granular flow run-up height is also affected by the debris–slit interaction, it is mainly dominated by the flow climbing along the baffle, which is more sensitive to the Froude characteristics and stress-transfer mechanism. Bidisperse granular flow has more complex interaction with the baffle compared with monodisperse flow. The effect of material inhomogeneity on baffle performance depends on the particle content. For baffle design, the first array can be considered as a reference. The estimation of the baffle deceleration potential and height with consideration to unsteady dynamics and material inhomogeneity is also presented in this paper.
Effect of immunotherapy on intracranial EEG in patients with seronegative autoimmune‐associated epilepsy
Authors: Gillinder Lisa , Papacostas Jason , McCombe Pamela , Chauvel Patrick
Published: September 2022

Objective. Immunity is increasingly implicated in the aetiology of certain types of epilepsy, however, the clinical and EEG features in such cases remain poorly defined. We present stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) findings in patients who were thought to have autoantibody‐mediated epilepsy on the basis of clinical improvement after administration of immunotherapy (IT).

Methods. All patients undergoing SEEG implantation in our service were reviewed and those receiving immunotherapy, either before, during, or after SEEG evaluation, were identified. Response to immunotherapy was defined as greater than 50% seizure reduction. We compared the clinical features and SEEG findings between those who responded to immunotherapy and those who did not.

Results. Sixty‐two cases underwent SEEG evaluation. Of these, 11 received immunotherapy and three cases demonstrated a positive clinical benefit. The three responsive patients had multifocal seizure onset, repetitive spiking interictally and ictally, perisylvian semiology, seizure onset in the posterior perisylvian regions, and normal neuroimaging.

Significance. Seronegative immunotherapy responders exist in epilepsy populations, therefore the diagnosis of autoimmune‐associated epilepsy should be considered before proceeding to epilepsy surgery. Possible features of an electroclinical syndrome associated with autoimmunity may include multifocal seizure onset, perisylvian involvement, and normal neuroimaging.
A Study of Recording and Processing Post-Disaster Damage Assessments
Authors: Ambrusz József , Teknős László
Published: September 2022

Based on the lessons learnt from post-disaster damage assessments, the survey of damages scattered in a large area can be performed in different ways. One typical reason for this is that the time interval of the damage assessments may be different in many cases. In Hungary, special IT subsystems were used in an unusual way during the previous damage claims and assessments, which would have addressed the immediate assessment of buildings and the data of the damage reports in a uniform manner. The basic framework of the data recording and data processing IT subsystems for the assessment of large-scale damages can provide a faster, a more accurate and a more uniform application, which may increase efficiency. In this study, the authors attempted to map a conceptual framework for data recording and data processing software for assessing damages in careful consideration of the relevant legislation.
Elrettentés és védelem:a NATO új haderőmodellje
Authors: Szenes Zoltán
Published: September 2022

2022. június 28–29-én, a madridi NATO csúcstalálkozón, az állam- és kormányfõk számos fontos döntést hoztak, amelyek közül kiemelkedik az új stratégai koncepció jóváhagyása, illetve az elrettentés és védelem megerõsítése. A tanulmány Európa katonai megerõsítését vizsgálja, bemutatja és értékeli a NATO új haderõmodelljét. Áttekinti a NATO elõretolt katonai jelenlétét, vizsgálja a NATO reagáló erõk megerõsítését, a katonai készenlétet javító intézkedéseket. Felvázolja az új haderõmodell megvalósításának elméleti lehetõségeit, rámutat a stratégiaváltás lényegére, mely szerint a NATO elõretolt jelenlétét elõretolt védelem váltja fel. Hangsúlyozza, hogy az új haderõmodell csak akkor hoz egy újabb fejlõdési fordulatot, ha a tagországok többet invesztálnak a haderõkbe és a védelembe. Citius, Altius, Fortius.
The role of natural gas in facilitating the transition to renewable electricity generation in South Africa
Authors: Clark S. , Van Niekerk J. , Petrie J. , McGregor C.
Published: September 2022

As is being done in most of the world, South Africa has commenced the transition from a fossil fuel-based electricity generation system to one based on renewable sources to meet greenhouse gas emission reduction goals. This paper explores the role of natural gas in South Africa to support the transition to a renewable energy-driven power grid. Specifically, the paper quantifies the firm and dispatchable power requirement to accommodate variability in solar and wind generation sources based on real-time series data from current renewable energy power plants for the country, and demonstrates that natural gas could be one of the elements to meet the medium-term need for this dispatchable power requirement, based on current regional gas resources. A range of alternative natural gas sources are considered in this analysis, covering existing gas resources from Mozambique, deep-water offshore potential from the southern Cape, shale gas from the Karoo basin, as well as liquefied natural gas imports. In addition, the alternatives to natural gas to supply the required dispatchable energy are considered. The analysis shows that the major challenge is to have sufficient gas storage available to be able to provide gas at the very high instantaneous rates required, but where the gas is only used for short periods of time and at low annual rates.
How vulnerable are interconnected portfolios of South African banks?
Authors: Koziol Tina
Published: September 2022

Price shocks that propagate through the financial system present a significant risk to financial system stability. This study was an evaluation of the vulnerability of South African banks’ portfolios to pricemediated contagion in the last decade. Using longitudinal data of balance sheet positions of the 10 largest banks from 2010 to 2020, the stress tests were triggered by price shocks on one marketable asset held by all banks: South African government bonds. Overall, the study found that second-order feedback effects from bank deleveraging are muted and that the concentrated structure of the South African banking system has a positive effect on shock absorption. However, a gradual trend towards more similar asset portfolios in the past 10 years has gradually increased exposure to the price-mediated contagion channel.
Significance:

The paper presents a novel modelling framework to study feedback price-effects in stress tests conducted on the South African banking system.
A new data set shows the evolution of South African banks’ portfolio structure and vulnerability by computing two fragility metrics and a portfolio similarity measure.
Using this data set, the relationship between banking sector vulnerability and portfolio similarity is tested empirically and it is shown how common asset holdings aggravate systemic risk to pricemediated contagion.
Surface finish, microhardness and microstructure of laser metal deposited 17-4PH stainless steel
Authors: Bayode Abiodun
Published: September 2022

Laser metal deposition is a metal-based additive manufacturing technology. It is a very sensitive and complex process because of the different process parameters involved and the interrelations between these parameters. A thorough understanding of the underlying physics of the process is essential in developing a comprehensive database of the properties of materials processed with this technology. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of laser power on a laser-deposited 17-4 precipitation hardenable stainless steel alloy. The as-built microstructure, phase composition, microhardness and surface finish were analysed. The results show that a defect-free sample with good metallurgical bonding and minimal dilution can be produced using high laser power in the range 1400–2600 W and a scanning speed of 0.6 m/s. The microstructure in the clad layer was dominated by martensite and an improvement in surface finish and maximum hardness was observed with increased laser power.
 Significance:
To fully benefit from the additive manufacturing technology, a comprehensive database of the material properties of alloys produced with this technology is required. This study expands on the body of knowledge related to the additive manufacturing of a 17-4PH stainless steel alloy, particularly highlighting the possibility of producing fully dense parts using higher laser power and scanning speed. These two parameters could significantly reduce the build time.
Zero-tolerance drink-driving and road safety in South Africa: What are the options?
Authors: Sukhai Anesh , Van Niekerk Ashley , Seedat Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Alcohol is a major contributing factor to the burden of road traffic crashes and injuries in South Africa. There has been an increase in political interest and engagement on the issue of drink-driving in recent months following government restrictions on the sale and public consumption of alcohol during the COVID-19 lockdowns along with proposed zero-tolerance drink-driving legislation. In this paper, we critically examine global research and experiences with the adoption of zero-tolerance approaches to drink-driving along with key South African contextual considerations to provide evidence-based and contextually relevant recommendations for advancing zero-tolerance drink-driving legislation in the country. There is significant evidence to support the adoption of zero-tolerance legislation but at a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) threshold limit for the general driving population set at 0.02 g/100 mL (rather than the zero-BAC limit proposed through the Road Traffic Amendment Bill) to allow for variance in testing. Recommendations centre on the proposed legislation incorporating a gradualist approach and its location within a broader zero-tolerance approach that includes other complementary interventions to enable implementation.
Significance:

The recommended blood alcohol level of 0.02 g/100 mL is lower than the best practice limit recommended by the World Health Organization of 0.05 g/100 mL, following consideration of the road safety and general alcohol consumption challenges in South Africa and evidence of success from other similar country contexts.
Broad principles and recommendations are presented to support the sustainable adoption of zerotolerance drink-driving legislation in the country.