bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Distance Ultrasonic Ranging System Oriented to Tower Crane Anti-Collision
Authors: Ju Xiao Tao , Gu Li Chen
Published: August 2013

Aiming at existing problems about the tower crane anti-collision system at home and abroad, in-depth researches and experimental verification about long-distance ultrasonic ranging technique have been carried out. The design of hardware circuit and software program was completed. The functions such as ultrasonic emission, echo receiving, data acquisition were implemented. The algorithm of delay time estimation based on cross-correlation was researched. The experimental results show that long-distance ultrasonic ranging system can detect the long-distance obstacle (about 25m) effectively and reliably, thus laying technique foundation for the research of the tower crane anti-collision system.
The Real-Time Measurement System Design for the Axis of Rotary Kiln Based on Virtual Instrument
Authors: Wang Yong Long , Qi Zhi Sheng , Huang Min
Published: August 2013

This article presents the importance of the measurement for the axis of rotary kiln. Meanwhile, the analysis on the present measurement method for the axis of rotary kiln as well as the corresponding existing problems is made. Furthermore, with the STC51 micro-controller as the core of datas acquisition and LABVIEW as the core of the datas process and display. The real-time measurement system for the axis of rotary kiln is designed.
Development of Capacitive Position Sensing Geophone for Microtremor System
Authors: Ding Wei
Published: August 2013

Low frequency performance of geophone is important when using microtremor system to explore deep geological structure. This paper reports on improving low frequency performance of a geophone by measuring the capacity attached on a conventional geophone, and the consistency of geophone can be adjusted. The design, principal, and performance of the capacitive position sensing geophone are presented. A prototype geophone is designed and manufactured in the laboratory.
Study on the Propagation Characteristics of Acoustic Emission in Point Contact Bearing Ball
Authors: Xiao Yan Yan , Lu Wen Xiu , Chu Fu Lei
Published: August 2013

Acoustic Emission (AE) signal has been used pervasively in the extraction of fault feature and the location of damage. The precision of the extraction and location is determined by the propagation characteristics of AE signal in different structures. In this paper, the propagation characteristics of AE wave in the point contact sphere under continuous and transient AE signal is analyzed; a series of experiments under different condition are conducted; based on wave propagation theory, a simulation model is built using the software of ANSYS LS-DYNA. The results of experiments and simulation models reveal that the propagation characteristics-attenuation, frequency features-of AE signal can be manifested clearly in the experiments and are simulated correctly by the simulation model.
Monitor System for Automatic Grouting of Metamorphic Concrete Based on PLC and HMI
Authors: Cai Tian Fu , Zhou Jian Zhong , Wu Xue Min , Peng Wei Ping , Wu Xu
Published: August 2013

According to lower efficiency, non-uniform distribution and metering difficulty in grouting, this paper describes the development of monitor system for automatic grouting of metamorphic concrete. Based on PLC and HMI, it uses the knowledge of signal acquisition and hydraulic control technology. This system calculates the rotation division angle to measure the amount of grouting through the hall-switch installed on the rotor of slurry pump. The PLC will realize signal acquisition, slurry metering, and effectively control of the slurry pump by solenoid valves and hydraulic motor. In addition, the HMI provides the functions such as parameters setting, operation controlling and data displaying.
The Hardware Devices in the Workspace of Intelligent Assembly Cell
Authors: Sebenova Silvia , Šimúnová Michala , Velíšek Karol
Published: August 2013

The aim of this article is not only to get new knowledge but create the structure of grippers in an automated flexible assembly system. Intelligent manner of this system as a control system will repose in sensing of important and necessary parameters of the system in the real time. There will be presented sensory equipments, which are used in intelligent assembly cell in the Institute of Production Systems and Applied Mechanics, in this contribution. In the next case are solved a handling and an assembling grippers which are shouldered by the sensors. One of the most important subsystem of intelligent assembly cell is assembly area thus we have to design good sensor equipment and good location of it.
The Radome Detection Machine Tool Geometric Error Modeling and Measurement
Authors: Wang Hong , Pan Fang Yu , Pan Cheng Qun
Published: August 2013

Antenna is an important and valuable component in industry. In order to protect it, the radome is adopted. As the non-uniform thickness of radome affects the performance of the antenna, in order to maintain the performance of antenna, it is necessary to have a dedicated device to detect the radome, thus the detection machine tool is used. The accuracy is the key point of the detection machine tool, so in this paper, its error model and measurement are presented. By the pitch compensation, the accuracy is enhanced, which achieves the desired value.
Defect Classification Using Machine Learning Techniques for Flat Display Panels
Authors: Cho Du Hyung , Lee Seok Lyong
Published: August 2013

Defect classification for a flat display panel (FDP) is the crucial process that identifies and classifies defects automatically during the final step of its manufacturing process. It plays an important role since it prevents possible malfunction by inspecting defects timely and reduces time for identifying inferior products. In this paper, we propose the defect classification methods for FDP using various machine learning techniques and provide the comparison among them for practical use in production environment. First, we identify defects through Gaussian filter and threshold technique. Then, those defects are classified into different types based on geometric characteristics of them using four machine learning techniques that are widely used. The experimental results using training and test sets of FDP images show considerable effectiveness in classifying defect types. We also believe that the comparison result might be quite useful when engineers determine methods for defect classification during FDP manufacturing.
Rapid Analysis of Zinc in Soil with Long-NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Yao Li Jun , Chen Jie Mei , Pan Tao
Published: August 2013

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with the partial least squares (PLS) regression was successfully applied for the rapid quantitative analysis of Zn2+in soil. The models were established using an approach based on randomness and similarity to obtain objective and practical models. Sixty-three samples were randomly selected from a total of 148 samples as the validation set. The remaining 85 samples were used as the modeling set, and it was divided into similar calibration (50 samples) and prediction (35 samples) sets. The results show that the long-NIR region at 1100 nm to 2498 nm could be considered as the information waveband of Zn2+in soil. The optimal number of PLS factors was 10, and the validation root mean square error (V-SEP) and validation correlation coefficients of prediction (V-RP) were 21.817 mg kg-1and 0.849, respectively. The Zn2+prediction values of the validation samples are close to the measured values. The results provided valuable reference for designing the dedicated spectrometers.
Structure Design of Coal Particle Washing Jet Pump Used in Coalbed Methane Wells and Basic Parameters Determination
Authors: Liu Bing , Qi Yao Guang , Meng Shang Zhi , Mo Ri He , Du Ji Yun , Li Yang , Sun Ji Hui , Yuan Zhen Dong , Zhu Hong Ying , Wu Tian Chong
Published: August 2013

In view of the characteristic that the bottom pressure of Coalbed Methane Wells (CBM wells) is low and the structure of coal bed could be easily destructed, the author designed a kind of jet pump. The jet pump could improve efficiency of washing bottom-hole coal particle in condition of protecting the structure of coal reservoir. In this paper, we have analyzed the structure of jet pump and working principle; and given the method of calculation the basic parameters of jet pump on the basis of calculating the working efficiency of jet pump from the point of cavitation.
Wake Vortex Control Using Modified Flaps
Authors: He Yi , Yang Jin Wen , Bao Feng
Published: August 2013

The present paper is on the experimental investigation of a potentially effective method to alleviate the strength of aircraft wake vortex. The research work was carried out in a water-towing tank which equipped with a 2-D PIV system. By using modified flaps attached to the baseline-airfoil, the Rayleigh-Ludwieg instability of the wake vortex was activated, resulting in a premature dissipation of the wake vortex. The experimental results of PIV measurement exhibited that the circulation of the wake vortex was reduced to over 50% for the optimal case at 45 wingspans downstream with suitable settings, which proved the effectiveness of the modified-flap treatment in alleviating the wake vortex under labor conditions.
Phase Transition Behaviors and Thermal Conductivity of Ge Doped Sb2Te Thin Films for Phase Change Random Access Memory
Authors: Bai Su Yuan , Tang Zhe Nan , Huang Zheng Xing , Gu Yi Feng
Published: August 2013

The Ge doped Sb2Te thin films (Ge2Sb2Te5, Ge0.15Sb2Te and Ge0.61Sb2Te) were deposited by magnetron co-sputtering using Ge and Sb2Te targets. Ge doping effect on the phase transition behaviors and thermal conductivity of the composite films was investigated. Ge0.61Sb2Te thin films have higher crystallization temperature (~200°C), larger crystallization activation energy (~3.28 eV) , better data retention (~120.8 °Cfor 10 years) and lower thermal conductivity (~0.23 W/mK). Ge0.61Sb2Te thin films is considered to be a promising storage medium for phase change random access memory due to its better thermal stability and lower power consumption.
A Multiscale Finite Element Simulation of Human Aortic Heart Valve
Authors: Shahi Shahrokh , Mohammadi Soheil
Published: August 2013

Some of the heart valve diseases can be treated by surgical replacement with either a mechanical or bioprosthetic heart valve (BHV). Recently, tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs) have been proposed to be the ultimate solution for treating valvular heart disease. In order to improve the durability and design of artificial heart valves, recent studies have focused on quantifying the biomechanical interaction between the organ, tissue, and cellular –level components in native heart valves. Such data is considered fundamental to designing improved BHVs. Mechanical communication from the larger scales affects active biomechanical processes. For instance any organ-scale motion deforms the tissue, which in turn deforms the interstitial cells (ICs). Therefore, a multiscale solution is required to study the behavior of human aortic valve and to predict local cell deformations. The proposed multiscale finite element approach takes into account large deformations and nonlinear anisotropic hyperelastic material models. In this simulation, the organ scale motion is computed, from which the tissue scale deformation will be extracted. Similarly, the tissue deformation will be transformed into the cell scale. Finally, each simulation is verified against a number of experimental measures.
Self-Adaptation of Natural-Coordinate System
Authors: Zhang Ke Wei , Zhang Yun Qing
Published: August 2013

A self-adaptation method for natural-coordinate systems is proposed, in order to automate the selection of natural coordinates for each rigid element of a multibody system. The four-step method includes: First, find out all empty positions, which come from the feature points or vectors of the joints attached to the element, and give equal weight to them; second, delete redundant empty positions and add their weight to the unique one; third, select at most four empty positions which have a maximum total weight and can be occupied by a natural-coordinate system at the same time; fourth, the standard natural-coordinate system on the element can adapt itself to the selected empty positions, leading to an actual natural-coordinate system, which contains twelve rational natural coordinates for the element. The implementation of the method has been achieved on a multibody dynamics and motion analysis platform, InteDyna, with the result that modeling efficiency is enhanced and model quality improved.
Light Capacitance Type Refractometer to Measure Atmosphere Parameter
Authors: Guo Tao , Liu Zeng Ping
Published: August 2013

The precise measure of atmospheric refractive index is one of the key factors which leads a guarantee of accurate estimate in the atmospheric refraction error margin and the forecast of atmosphere wave in the electronics systems, such as radar and correspondence...etc.. The error of 59 radiosonde which are in common used to measure atmospheric refractive refraction index is bigger, the microwave refract meter which has high accuracy also has the characteristics of high expenses, big weight of the instrument, those all bring very big restriction to engineering physically applications. For this cause, according to the principle that the variety of atmospheric refractive index brings frequency to the LC shock loop which composed by fixed inductance and air capacitor, this paper designs a light capacitance type refract meter which is use low temperature degree coefficient air capacitor for measure of sensitive component. Experiment validated: The precision of light capacitance type refract meter is more better than 59 radiosonde in measuring atmospheric refractive index, and it has no space-time measure error when sending out the temperature, wet, pressure respectively which is common find in 59 radiosonde, and it has advantages like light weight, small lag coefficient etc.
Research on Carbon Emission Measurement of Electricity Sector Based on Scenario Analysis Method
Authors: Huang Yuan Sheng , Xu Jie
Published: August 2013

Delivering a low-carboneconomy puts ourselves on a path to cut CO2 emission, which is the maincontributor to global warming. Developing low-carbon technology in electricityindustry will play an important role in future since electricity always beingthe biggest emission source. This paper analysis electricity carbon emissions usedscenario analysis method in Baoding, forecasts power load based on economictargets and energy efficiency targets, and analysis CO2 emissions by coal powernew technology application scenarios, and then ,carried out some suggestions onthe electricity sector’s CO2 emission reduction work used the analysis results.
Fuzzy Logic Based Active Vibration Controller
Authors: Sharma Anshul , Susheel C.K. , Kumar Rajeev , Chauhan V.S.
Published: August 2013

This paper presents fuzzy logic approach for active vibration control of composite shell structure using collocated piezoelectric sensor/actuator. The vibratory response of piezolaminated composite shell is modeled using degenerated finite shell element. Modeling is based upon first order shear deformation theory and linear piezoelectric theory. The fuzzy IF-THEN rules are established on analysis of the motion traits of laminated composite shell. The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is designed using the sensor voltage and its derivative as inputs and actuator voltage as output. The simulation results illustrate that this controller has more superiority than the conventional controller.
State Space Analysis and Optimal Control for Aircraft Simulator Pitch Electric Control Loading System
Authors: Pan Chun Ping , Li Li Xin , Wang Yong Liang
Published: August 2013

An electric control loading system for aircraft simulation was analyzed and modeled to find a linear state space mathematical model and state feedback. An optimal control scheme based on the minimum integral of the squared difference between desired and actual output was shown to be effective by comparing the output values of the system with previously obtained experimental data. A linear state space mathematical model and state feedback appear to provide satisfactory means for controlling an electric control loading system can be adjusted to simulate a wide variety of real aircraft by altering input and output gains at the force analog computer when aircraft parameters are changed.
Variable Step Perturbation MPPT Method Based on Fuzzy Control for Wind Power Generation System
Authors: Dong Yong Qiang , Wang Wu
Published: August 2013

Traditional MPPT control strategy by hill climbing searching for wind power generation system (WPGS) dependent on wind turbines parameters, the oscillation around maximum power point (MPP) was serious. A new variable step perturbation MPPT was presented based on fuzzy control, the variable perturb step was determined with the power characteristic curves point slope, the control system was described with fuzzy language for maximum power capture, the principle of MPPT was analyzed and the variable step method was adopted with fuzzy control, the simulation result shows that this advanced control strategy could improve tracking speed, enhance the stability and the oscillation around maximum power point reduced.
Industrial Automation Using Wireless Mesh Network
Authors: Thangaraja M. , Manic K. Suresh , Uma S.
Published: August 2013

The use of wireless technology in industrial automation offers a number of potential benefits, from the obvious cost reduction brought about by the elimination of wiring to the availability of better plant information, improved productivity and better asset management. However, its practical implementation faces a number of challenges: lack of a universally agreed standard, security, noisy environment, reliability. Since there is no IEEE standard for using wireless technology in industrial automation it is not possible to use the conventional industrial automation system. We also need better transmission rate for reliable communication. In this paper we proposed an industrial automation system based on wireless multi hop network using FPGA. The multi hop network will provide the reliable communication to central control unit and FPGA will provide the reconfigurable high speed data communication. The design is implemented in Xilinx Spartan 3E FAGA kit and results shows that it will be the solution for future industrial automation problems.
Exoskeleton Robot Walking on Slope Terrain
Authors: Chen Yong , Li Rong Hua , Liu Jin Wei
Published: August 2013

The walking procedure of the human on slope terrain was captured with a high-speed video camera. The geometrical configurations and motion postures of the human walking on slope terrain were analyzed from the high-speed photographs. Based on the biological observation, a dynamic model was put forward to aid the design of the exoskeleton robot. The hip angle, knee angle, hip moment and knee moment of the exoskeleton robot during walking on slope terrain were shown in figures. The results would provide some theoretical and practical references for the biomimetic design of the exoskeleton robot. This work may provide the basic theory in developing the structural design of the exoskeleton robot to help old people. Besides, it provides an important reference to study the other exoskeleton robots.
A Neural Network Model for Phoneme Generation
Authors: Crisan Marius
Published: August 2013

The paper discusses the possibility of phonemes generation based on a recurrent neural network model. In each phoneme a typical or elemental pattern can be identified that repeats itself with slight fluctuations along the signal length. This elemental pattern constitutes the training data for the recurrent neural network. After training, the network can generate three new periods of elemental patterns. In a repetitive loop the network can generate the entire phoneme signal. The model proved very simple and effective, and the generated phonemes gave the impression of a natural sound.
Design of A Filtering Algorithm Based on FOG SINS /GPS/DR
Authors: Zhang Ke , Bai Jun Qing , Gu Bing Lun
Published: August 2013

As the most important index, the navigation accuracy and reliability is used to measure the performance of FOG vehicle integrated navigation system. In the foundation of federated filter and systematic accident diagnose algorithms, a novel integrated navigation filtering algorithm is designed based on FOG SINS(Fiber Optic Gyroscope Strapdown Inertial Navigation System)、GPS(Global Positioning System)、DR(Dead Reckoning). The simulation results show that the federated filter with failure detection can make full use of information from navigation sensor, and can isolate fault sources effectively, its accuracy and reliability are better than the generalized filters’.
Design of Interactive Virtual Laboratory Based on VRML Technology
Authors: Yuan Jiu Gen , Xing Ruo Nan
Published: August 2013

With the development of science and technology, more and more advanced technology is applied to the field of education. Technology brings new vitality to the education, the application of VR technology in education have attracted more attention. This paper introduces the virtual reality technology and virtual experiment and introduces two key technology of construction Virtual Laboratory: VRML and JAVA, It Elaborates structure and process of virtual experiment. We expect to provide the basis for future virtual laboratory building.
Application of Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm in SDINS/GPS Integrated Inertial Navigation System
Authors: Awin Otman Ali
Published: August 2013

This paper deals with the integrated navigation system based on fusion of data from Strap Down Inertial Navigation System (SDINS) and from Global Position System (GPS). In order to increase the accuracy and reliability of navigation algorithms, these two different systems are combined. The navigation system that be analyzed is basically of INS type while GPS corrective data are obtained less frequently and these are treated as noisy measurements in an extended Kalman filter scheme. The simulation of whole system (SDINS/GPS integrated system with Kalman filter) was modeled using MATLAB package, SIMULINK© tool. The proper choice of Kalman filter parameters had taken to minimize navigation errors for a typical medium range flight scenario (Simulated test trajectory and real trajectory of vehicle motion). A prototype of a SDINS installed on a moving platform in the laboratory to collected data by many experiments to verification our SIMULINK models.
In Situ Polymerization of Polyaniline/Viscose Fiber
Authors: Zhou Bin , Wang Ning , Zhang Xing Xiang , Wang Ya Ping , Xiong Jun Cheng , Yan Xiang
Published: August 2013

Thenovel Polyaniline/viscose fiber have been synthesized in situ by oxidativepolymerization of aniline with ammonium persulfate as an oxidant and viscose fiberas a template. It was found that the PANI particlesdeposited on the surface of viscose fiberconnected to form acontinuous network by taking along the viscose fiber template,which increases the thermal stability and electrical conductivity of viscose fiber.This work provides a new field of potential applications of conducting polymer.
An Innovative Paver System for Aircraft Pavements
Authors: Lazar Michael , Emery John
Published: August 2013

The first use of concrete block paving (CBP) for surfacing existing aircraft pavements was made at London Luton Airport UK in October 1981 and is still in daily use after 30 years. It has been adopted worldwide with some 1.5 million m2now in use.Following some failures of conventional (CBP) it was decided by the authors to develop a unique innovative pavement surfacing system that provides a mechanical interlock in addition to the frictional interlock provided by the jointing sand of conventional block paving.The suitability of this form of paving for civilian and military aircraft pavements has now been proven in sustained empirical testing. Its use at Hazrat Shahjalal International airport in Bangladesh on a project for the rehabilitation and extension of 50,000 m2of aircraft pavements is an indication of a growing confidence in this form of paving.The mechanical interlock developed between individual units makes it possible to lay these units without jointing sand whilst still maintaining surface stability. For this reason the system may be used as a permeable pavement.
Economic Effects of Short-Term Close for Small Airports in China — Case Study on Weihai International Airport
Authors: Yuan Jie , Zhu Li Guo , Ling Jian Ming , Chai Zhen Lin , Luo Yong , Zhang Fei Lin , Zou Ping
Published: August 2013

Economic effects of short-term close for small airports include direct economic losses and indirect economic losses. The indirect economic losses can be calculated by the input-output method in term of the economic effect of short-term close on revelant regions and industries. The direct economic losses comes mainly from airport agencies and can be obtained in accordance with Civil Airport Charge Reform Scheme (2007). The Weihai International Airport of China is a study case chosen to estimate the economic effects of short-term close. The results demonstrate that the direct economic loss of short-term close is 93,048,915¥ and the indirect economic loss of short-term close is more than 30,000,000¥. Pulling effects of the airport have significant influence on energy source industry, manufacturing industry, air transportation, etc. Promoting effects of the airport have enormous effect on postal industry, air transportation, etc.
Laboratory Investigation of Asphalt Pavements with Low Density and Recommendations to Prevent Density Deficiency
Authors: Zeinali Alireza , Blankenship Phillip B. , Anderson R. Michael , Mahboub Kamyar C.
Published: August 2013

In most USA asphalt construction projects the goal of compacting a hot-mix asphalt (HMA) layer is to achieve the optimum density which is 92% of the maximum specific gravity (Gmm) of the asphalt mixture. However, this level of density is not always achieved. This paper evaluates the effect of field compaction deficiencies on the HMA durability through laboratory testing. HMA samples were collected from construction sites in the United States. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to compare the performance of HMA mixtures at their actual in-place density as well as the desired density of 92% of Gmm. The statistical analysis on the results showed that the performance of the pavements could significantly improve by eliminating the deficiencies in their in-place densities. Moreover, the compactibility of the mixtures was investigated using the compaction data from the Superpave gyratory compactor. Compaction characteristics of the mixtures were compared to a control mixture, and the results showed that the shortage in the binder content of the mixtures could be a major factor which may have caused the density deficiencies. Furthermore, the effect of higher-than-optimum binder content was evaluated on the compactibility of the control mixture.
PFWD's Application in the Evaluation of Structural Strength of Field Hot Regeneration Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Wei Jian Guo , Wang Bin
Published: August 2013

To evaluate the pre and post change of structure strength of old asphalt pavement field hot regeneration, we use the portable falling weight deflectometer method (PFWD) and benkelman beam method (BB) respectively to do the field test research. The field test researches rely on the ANXIN highway old asphalt pavement field hot regeneration project. We got the data about pre and post regenerations asphalt pavement static bending deflection (l0), PFWD dynamic deflection (lp) and PFWD dynamic modulus (EP). The correlation analysis among static bending deflection, PFWD dynamic deflection and PFWD dynamic modulus suggest that PFWD method is a more stable and reliable method than BB method and PFWD method can be a new evaluation technology for the old asphalt pavement field hot regenerations pavement strength.
Research on the Delimitation Criterion of Long Sustained Slope Sections Based on Permanent Deformation of Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Yan Er Hu , Chen Fei , Li Fu Pu , Wang Zhi Jun
Published: August 2013

The permanent deformation is the key failure of asphalt pavements, especially for long sustained slope sections, and it is necessary to research the delimitation criterion of long sustained slope sections. Firstly, the disease survey of long sustained slope sections is carried out, the change of truck speed and load are described and its impaction on rutting failure is analyzed. Finally, continuous speed of heavy truck is point out to be used as the delimitation criterion, based on a new model of continuous speed of heavy truck which developed and optimized according to permanent deformation.
Research on the Method of Dynamic Speed Limit on Expressway under Complex Climate Based on Pavement Skid-Resistant Performance
Authors: Fang Yong , Guo Zhong Yin
Published: August 2013

To solve the problems in the current deterministic method of a maximum speed limit for expressway, a method of dynamic speed limit on expressway under complex climate was presented which was based on pavement skid-resistant performance. Firstly, the variation of pavement skid-resistant performance under complex climate conditions was analysed based on research results and certain experimental statistic data. By analysing the influence rule of AC-16 and SMA-16 pavement texture, pavement temperature, water film thickness, ice thickness, vehicle speed to pavement Skid-Resistant Performance, pavement actual friction coefficient calculation model and reference standard were established under different pavement condition Then, by analysing the geometry line indexes, pavement conditions and vehicle dynamics, the critical sideslip speed and critical longitudinal-driving safety speed was formulated; therefore, with critical speed as a constraint of safety driving and interval classification of complex climatic conditions, the dynamic speed calculate method and safety speed control standard were proposed under various pavements conditions, visibilities and traffic environments. This method for overcoming the weakness of a maximum speed limit of expressway operation and improving traffic safety is helpful.
Study on Basic Characteristics and Design Method of Concrete Strip Roads
Authors: Zhang Hai Yong , Wang Cai Xia , Yi Jun Yan
Published: August 2013

In this paper, on the basis of investigating the traffic capacity and cross-sectional form of the concrete strip roads, the technological and economical possibility of concrete strip roads replacing the forth class full width concrete and asphalt pavement was discussed. By analyzing structural combination and drainage characteristics of the concrete strip roads, the structure combination forms were recommended. Then the mechanical characteristics of the concrete strip roads were analyzed. Finally, the design method for thickness of concrete strip slab and the relevant design nomogram were presented.
Effect of the Combination of Calcined Shale and Pozzolanic Materials on Compressive Strength of Concrete
Authors: Cheng An , Lin Wei Ting , Chao Sao Jeng , Hsu Hui Mi , Huang Chin Cheng
Published: August 2013

This study investigated the influence of individual constituents of calcined shale or hybrid constituents of calcined shale and fly ash or silica fume on the workability and compressive strength. Calcined shale is heat treated in a kiln and then ground to a finer powder and the calcination temperatures of 800 °C were used. The test results demonstrated that the workability and compressive strength decreased with the inclusion of calcined shale increased and the compressive strength of the specimens containing calcined shale all lower than that of the control specimens. It might be due to the higher water demand and lower CaO value. However, the hybrid batches with calcined shale and fly ash or silica fume enhanced better performance on compressive strength than individual constituents of calcined shale. The combination of 10 % calcined shale and 10 % silica fume in concrete seemed to give superior compressive strength and gave the highest value in the testing series. Finally, the inclusion of calcined shale is help to reduce the emissions of CO2and revealed an ecological advantage for concrete containing a binder blend of cement and calcined shale.
Experimental Fracture Toughness Study for some Modified Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Behbahani Hamid , Mohammad Aliha Mohammad Reza , Fazaeli Hassan , Aghajani Somayeh
Published: August 2013

The use of modifiers or additives in the asphalt mixtures is a suitable and common method for improving their mechanical properties especially under high temperature service conditions. However, for cold climates which the pavement of roads usually experience subzero temperatures, the overall failure mechanism of asphalt layers may be occurred mainly due to elastic brittle fracture and growth of initiated cracks inside the pavements. Fracture toughness is the most important parameter for characterizing the crack growth and failure of cracked materials and structures such as the asphalt pavements. Hence, the main aim of this research is to study the effect of different additives including Poly phosphoric acid (PPA), Styrene butadiene styrene (SBS), Anti striping agent (ANTI), Crumb rubber (CR) and FT-paraffin wax (Sasobit) on the low temperature mode I fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures. A series of asphalt samples with different percentages of the mentioned additives were manufactured in the shape of semi circular specimens containing vertical edge cracks. The test samples were then loaded monotonically using a symmetric three-point bend fixture at a constant subzero temperature of-15°C. The value of mode I fracture toughness (KIc) were determined by recording the critical fracture loads of tested specimens. It is shown that all the investigated additives increase the low temperature fracture toughness of the asphalt mixture and the maximum increase in the value of KIc occurs when the sasobit and CR additives are used.
Assessing the Quality of Asphalt Concrete Pavement at Special Location with Infrared Thermal Imager
Authors: Chen Lisa Y. , Wang Mei Yun , Lin Deng Fong , Trsi Shi Rong
Published: August 2013

Although there is a large population in the limited space of metropolitan areas in Taiwan, but many manholes are often set on the pavement, which impact the quality of the pavement service and lead to public complaints. In recent years, the manholes have been gradually buried under the pavement on policy, so as to improve administration performance of government. The construction quality at the location of manhole is not easy to control, and often leads to the pavement damaged. This study assesses the differences of the temperature changes at manhole location from the general asphalt concrete when paved with asphalt concrete using the infrared thermal imager. The study found that the use of infrared thermal imager can get the difference of temperature of asphalt concrete pavement between the manhole position and the non-manhole position, and also can determine the position and width of manhole, so as to help to the construction compaction and quality control. Furthermore, because the temperatures of pavement at manhole position and non-manhole position are different, when the pavement damaged and need to dig the pavement for maintaining, the infrared thermal imager can be used to find nonmetallic manhole for construction management reference.
Pavement Materials Characterization of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixes in Western Australia
Authors: Nega Ainalem , Nikraz Hamid , Leek Colin , Ghadimi Behzad
Published: August 2013

The use of deep strength asphalt materials characterization to construct and restore the heavily urban roads where damage has been induced is rapidly grown in Western Australia. Five different types of asphalt mixes were produced in laboratory to modify pavement performance mixture. The main role of this research is to evaluate the pavement materials characterization for Western Australia road. In this study, laboratory test for tensile strength, resilient modulus, wheel tracking, binder contents, Marshall Compaction, and air voids contents test were taken to analyze each asphalt mixtures. The results indicated that AC20-75 and AC14-75 asphalt mixes blow were in a good pavement performance as compared to other asphalt mixes. For a mix design purposed, all the asphalt mixes that are used in this study can strength and stable the stiffness of pavement that is notable, and the modification effect rank can be described as AC20-75 Blow > AC14-75 Blow > AC14-50 Blow > AC7-50 Blow > SMA7-50 Blow in this research.
Performance Assessment of Asphalt Mixtures Using Frequency Sweep Test at Constant Height and Hamburg Wheel-Tracking Device
Authors: Wang Jian Neng
Published: August 2013

The study presents the comparative evaluation of mixture performance of the Superpave and dense-graded mixtures using the results of repeated shear test at constant height (RSCH), frequency sweep test at constant height (FSCH), and Hamburg wheel-tracking device (HWTD) test. The results of HWTD testing displayed the Superpave mixtures I and II were less susceptible to permanent deformation than the dense-graded mixture. The results of RSCH testing showed the cumulative shear strain and the predicted rut depths of the accumulated shear strain of the dense-graded mixture was about six times as large as those of the Superpave mixtures I and II. Compared with the test results of HWTD testing, the Superpave mixture II was less susceptible to permanent deformation and the dense-grade mixture was the most prone to rutting among these three mixtures. The normalizing frequency parameter of the dense-graded mixture was about one and half to five times as large as those of the Superpave mixtures I and II. The larger value the specification parameternormalizing frequency parameter, the less that the mixtures could exhibit performance ranking. The use of specification parameter obtained from FSCH test, normalizing frequency parameter, for assessing mixture performance was consistent with the findings from HWTD and RSCH tests. Therefore, the Superpave mixture II ranked first and the dense-graded mixture ranked third based on the overall mixture performance.
Performance of Steel Fiber Concrete as Rigid Pavement
Authors: Latifa Eva Azhra , Aguswari Robby , Wardoyo Puspito Hadi
Published: August 2013

The concrete as surface pavement is more durable than asphalt pavement, while requiring less maintenance and having longer life. This paper discusses about the benefits of rigid pavements utilizing steel fiber upon receiving vehicle load. The study aims to improve the performance of concrete used as rigid pavement with 0.5 water/cement ratio by adding hook-shaped steel fibers. In this study, the amount of steel fiber varied, ranging from 0 to 15% based on trial and error. The hook-shaped fibers used were manufactured from steel in factory. Performance of samples were conducted in laboratory on fresh and hardened concrete behavior, including flexural strength and flexural toughness. Results showed that all of the assessed concrete performance increased as fiber was added, and the greatest value was obtained with nine percent of fibers.
Study of Concrete Strength Prediction Using Warm Water Curing
Authors: Peng Sheng Szu , Chen Yan Ren
Published: August 2013

In this study, the 50°C warm water is applied to accelerate curing of concrete and to increase the design strength to 210kgf/cm2 (3000psi), 280kgf/cm2 (4000psi), and 490kgf/cm2 (7000psi) by using water/cement (w/c) ratio of 0.6, 0.5, and 0.35 respectively. The result shows that it takes only 2~5 days to reach the design strength with warm water curing instead of 28 days by standard curing. Three type of specimens may reach 1.0~1.05 times of target strength. As a result, a modified coefficient factor for design of concrete strength can be predicted more accurately and much earlier during curing process of the concrete.
Temperature Effects on Soil Suction for Compacted Clay Soils
Authors: Yang Shu Rong , Huang Wei Hsing , Chung Shao Hung
Published: August 2013

An investigation was conducted to determine the effects of temperature, compaction water content, and compaction efforts on soil suction of two expansive subgrade soils. For this purpose, two expansive soils were statically compacted at target water contents ranging from 5% to 20%. This made it possible to explore a broad spectrum of compaction conditions. Filter paper method and thermocouple psychrometer were used to measure soil suction at temperatures ranging from 10°C to 60°C. Experimental results show that compaction water content, compaction effort, and temperature have influences on soil suction. As water content increases, the influences of compaction effort and temperature on suction become less significant. Finally multiple regression formulations for predicting the soil suction of as-compacted clayey soil were established.
Investigation on Blending CFB Ash with Blast Furnace Slag as Replacement for Portland Cement Used in Concrete Binders
Authors: Chen Guan Yu , Huang Wei Hsing
Published: August 2013

Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) Boiler is a means of energy-generating process by burning petroleum coke. In order to avoid blazed petroleum coke with high sulfur content from emitting overdosed sulfur dioxide, limestone is introduced in the boiler for desulfuration. The residue collected from the boiler is called CFB ash. In accordance with different boiler position, CFB ashes can be classified as fly ash and bed ash, and both have similar chemical compositions, with high contents of gypsum and calcium oxide. In this study, CFB ash (fly ash) is mixed with blast furnace slag (BFS) as a substitute for cement in making concrete. It is intended that CFB ashes can be used in concrete and a method for proportioning CFB ash in concrete can be developed. The results show that CFB ash can react with cement to produce hydration products such as Ca(OH)2, and bring the activation of blast furnace slag. The paste strength could be low at later ages, if the CFB ash content is too low. Whereas, if the CFB ash content is over 30%, the paste strength will be low at the early age. Therefore, it is concluded that the cement-granulated blast furnace slag system will show best performance at the CFB ash content between 18% and 22%. In autoclave soundness test shows the CFB ash of the high f-CaO content is easy reaction in the water, and also did not negatively affect the quality of the volume stability.
The Applicability of Estimated Equations of Recycling Agents on the Viscosity Variety of Aged Asphalt Binders
Authors: Lin Ping Sien , Chang Chi Wen , Wu Tung Lin
Published: August 2013

This study was to perform the viscosity test of adding different ratios (from 10% to 40%) of three recycling agents (RAs), namely RA25, RA75 and RA250, to the reclaimed asphalt binder (RAB) containing a viscosity of 42800 poises. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of various RAs on the viscosity of aged asphalt binders. The viscosity values were also estimated based on the recycling model of aged asphalt binder developed by authors and the equations developed by Arrhenius (1887), Grunberg and Nissan (1949) and Epps et al. (1980). The results show that there are significant variations in the viscosity of recycling asphalt binder when being added different ratios of RA. The estimated viscosity values computed by the recycling model of aged asphalt binder are closer to the tested results when compared with the equations developed by Arrhenius (1887), Grunberg and Nissan (1949) and Epps et al. (1980). Furthermore, the Recycling Index (RI) developed by the recycling model of aged asphalt binder can clearly and precisely reveal the recycling performance of different kinds of RAs. The Gmix from the equation developed by Grunberg and Nissan (1949) has an apparent effect on estimating the viscosity when adding RA to the RAB.
Cracks Resisting Mechanism Analysis of Large Stone Mixture Base Based on Mechanics Calculations
Authors: Li Hong Zhi
Published: August 2013

In order to study the cracks resisting mechanism of large stone asphalt mixture base, a multi-layer elastic theory program was used to calculate the loading stress in different pavement structures. Then a Finite Element model was established based on a twinkling heat conduct hypothesis to calculate temperature stress and strain of pavement structure when temperature dropped. Finally, the stress and strain of all the structural layers was calculated considering the coupling effect of loading and temperature. It is found that temperature stress which is caused by temperate quick dropped is far more lager than loading stress cause by standard loading, while considering the co-effect of vehicle loading and temperature quickly dropped. Thus it is revealed that cracking in pavement is mainly caused by temperature quickly dropped. By contrast, it is found that pavement stress and strain caused by loading and temperature of the structure with asphalt macadam mixture (ATB30) base are less than that of the conventional semi-rigid pavement. Finally, an asphalt macadam mixture base applied in asphalt pavement structure is believed to be an efficient way in reducing asphalt pavement cracking.
Applying a Spatiotemporal Object Database to an Urban Pavement Management System
Authors: Lin Jyh Dong , Hung Chia Tse , Chen Chien Ta
Published: August 2013

In recent years, pavement engineering has gradually moved from new construction work to maintenance and management. However, effective real-time management by road regulatory authorities of all kinds of situations and distress that can affect pavement is a problem. At present, road regulatory authorities are subject to self-management mechanisms, however there are differences in resources for all unit levels and scales. This study utilizes a pavement management database in which statistical data has been stored that may change due to timing, environment, etc. As a result, spatial processing and the time factor are taken into account to develop a database of spatiotemporal objects and 3D Geo-Information. Finally we can provide useful pavement information and ways to improve system diversity. Keywords: spatial-temporal databases, pavement management system
Taipei City Smooth Pavement (Luping) Project
Authors: Lin Kun Hu , Lin Jyh Dong , Chang Pei I , Chen De I
Published: August 2013

This thesis explains that Taipei City actively conducted various municipal constructions to create a proactive city with global perspectives. Road construction was undoubtedly one of the major tasks, thus Taipei promoted the Luping Project to improve roads under a project management model. The plan was to complete renovation of all main road in the city in six years, from 2009 to 2014. It has been over four years now (2013) since the initiation of the Luping Project began in 2009. The promotion has executed from the aspects of technology, system and management through standardization of construction procedure, popularization of education and training and fulfillment of excavation management to solve problems including too many and uneven manholes, poor roadbed, rough roads and poor durability. The outcomes of manhole reduction, roadbed improvement and smoothness of roads have been quite well these past three years, and have been approved by citizens.