bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strengthening data collection for neglected tropical diseases: What data are needed for models to better inform tailored intervention programmes?
Authors: Toor Jaspreet , Hamley Jonathan I. D. , Fronterre Claudio , Castaño María Soledad , Chapman Lloyd A. C. , Coffeng Luc E. , Giardina Federica , Lietman Thomas M. , Michael Edwin , Pinsent Amy , Le Rutte Epke A. , Hollingsworth T. Déirdre
Published: May 2021

Locally tailored interventions for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are becoming increasingly important for ensuring that the World Health Organization (WHO) goals for control and elimination are reached. Mathematical models, such as those developed by the NTD Modelling Consortium, are able to offer recommendations on interventions but remain constrained by the data currently available. Data collection for NTDs needs to be strengthened as better data are required to indirectly inform transmission in an area. Addressing specific data needs will improve our modelling recommendations, enabling more accurate tailoring of interventions and assessment of their progress. In this collection, we discuss the data needs for several NTDs, specifically gambiense human African trypanosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminths (STH), trachoma, and visceral leishmaniasis. Similarities in the data needs for these NTDs highlight the potential for integration across these diseases and where possible, a wider spectrum of diseases.
A cross-sectional workforce survey of three traditional and complementary medicine professions in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Ijaz Nadine , Welsh Sandy , Zhang Qi , Brule David , Boon Heather
Published: May 2021

Background

Workforce studies about traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) occupations in industrialized countries are scant; and, these occupations’ position within the broader occupational workforce remains unclear. This study aims to address these gaps using a comparative approach.

Methods

Naturopaths, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) / acupuncture practitioners, and homeopaths in Ontario, Canada were surveyed regarding their demographics, practice characteristics and self-reported income. Results were compared with parallel data from within and outside of Ontario.

Results

Study response rate: 23.3% (n = 1205). While predominantly female (57.9%), Ontario’s TCM/acupuncture profession was less feminized than the naturopathic (77.1%) and homeopathic (78.3%) groups. Naturopaths were significantly younger than, and reported fewer years of clinical experience than, the other two groups. About half of TCM/acupuncture practitioners, and almost one-third of homeopaths had trained outside of Canada, predominantly in East and South Asia, respectively. More TCM/acupuncture practitioners (58.9%) and homeopaths (57.6%) had multilingual clinical practices than naturopaths (19.1%). Homeopaths worked fewer hours and saw fewer patients per week than the other occupations. Self-reported mean incomes varied across groups, with naturopaths earning more on average ($63,834, SD $57,101) than did TCM/acupuncture practitioners ($45,624, SD $44,081) or homeopaths ($29,230, SD $41,645). Holding other variables constant, internationally-trained practitioners reported earning one-third less than their Canadian-trained counterparts.

Discussion & conclusions

Study findings echo occupationally-specific data from other industrialized jurisdictions; and, affirm that different T&CM occupations have distinctive demographic and practice characteristics. The demographic makeup of Ontario’s TCM/acupuncture and homeopathy occupations suggests a role for these groups in delivering culturally-responsive care within Asian ethnic communities. T&CM practitioner incomes, in particular for internationally-trained practitioners, fell below the provincial population income median, and in many cases below the poverty line. T&CM occupations’ relative socio-political marginality may be impacting clinicians’ ability to earn a viable living.
Primary health care and social isolation against COVID-19 in Northeastern Brazil: Ecological time-series study
Authors: Costa de Assis Sanderson José , Lopes Johnnatas Mikael , Guedes Marcello Barbosa Otoni Gonçalves , Sanchis Geronimo José Bouzas , Araujo Diego Neves , Roncalli Angelo Giuseppe
Published: May 2021

Background

Brazil is witnessing a massive increase of corona virus disease (COVID-19). Its peculiar primary health care (PHC) system faces a burden due to the contagion occurring in the community environment. Then, the aim is to estimate the effect of the coverage of primary health care and social isolation on the evolution of confirmed cases and deaths by COVID-19, controlling sociodemographic, economic and health system aspects.

Methods

A time series design was designed with data on diagnosed cases of COVID-19 and their deaths as outcomes in the capital cities of the Northeast region of Brazil. Independent variables such as PHC coverage, hospital beds, social isolation, demographic density, Gini index and other indicators were analyzed. A Autoregressive Generalized Linear Model method was applied for model the relationship.

Results

We identified an exponential growth of cases (y = 0.00250.71x; p-value<0,001). However, there is a high variability in the occurrence of outcomes. PHC coverage≥75% (χ2 = 9.27; p-value = 0.01) and social isolation rate (χ2 = 365.99; p-value<0.001) proved to be mitigating factors for the spread of COVID-19 and its deaths. Capitals with hospital beds ≥ 3.2 per thousand inhabitants had fewer deaths (χ2 = 9.02; p-value = 0.003), but this was influenced by PHC coverage (χ2 = 30,87; p-value<0.001).

Conclusions

PHC mitigates the occurrence of Covid-19 and its deaths in a region of social vulnerability in Brazil together with social isolation. However, it is not known until when the system will withstand the overload in view of the low adhesion to social isolation, the lack of support and appropriate direction from the government to its population.
Effect of inappropriate complementary feeding practices on the nutritional status of children aged 6-24 months in urban Moshi, Northern Tanzania: Cohort study
Authors: Masuke Rachel , Msuya Sia E. , Mahande Johnson M. , Diarz Ester J. , Stray-Pedersen Babill , Jahanpour Ola , Mgongo Melina
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Childhood undernutrition is a major public health problem especially in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). The prevalence of early introduction of complementary feeding, low meal frequency, and low dietary diversity are frequent in LMICs. The effect of inappropriate complementary feeding practices on the nutritional status of children is not well documented in East African countries including Tanzania. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the effect of inappropriate complementary feeding practices on the nutritional status of children aged 6–24 months in urban Moshi, Tanzania.

Methodology

A retrospective cohort study was done using the Pasua and Majengo cohorts of mother-child pairs in urban Moshi who were enrolled from 2002 to 2017. About 3355 mother-child pairs were included in the analysis. Appropriate complementary feeding practices were assessed using WHO IYFP indicators such as age at introduction of solid, semi-solid, or soft foods, minimum dietary diversity, and minimum meal frequency. Nutritional status (stunting, wasting, and underweight) was determined. Multilevel modeling was applied to obtain the effect of inappropriate complementary feeding practices on the nutritional status of children and to account for the clustering effect of mothers and children and the correlation of repeated measures within each child.

Results

Majority of the children (91.2%) were given soft/semi-solid/solid foods before six months of age, 40.3percent had low meal frequency, and 74percent had low dietary diversity. Early introduction of complementary food at age 0–1 month was statistically significantly associated with higher risks of wasting and underweight (ARR 2.9, 95%CI 1.3–6.3; and ARR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3–5.1 respectively). Children with low minimum meal frequency had higher risks of stunting, wasting, and underweight (ARR 2.9, 95%CI 2.3–3.6; ARR 1.9, 95%CI 1.5–2.5 and ARR 1.9, 95%CI 1.5–2.4 respectively). Children with low minimum dietary diversity were more likely to be stunted than is the case with their peers who received the minimum dietary diversity (ARR 1.3, 95% CI 1.01–1.6).

Conclusion

There were a high proportion of children, which were fed inappropriately; Inappropriate complementary feeding practices predisposed children to undernutrition. Our study supports the introduction of complementary feeding, providing minimum dietary diversity, and minimum feeding frequency at six months of age as important in improving the nutritional status of the children.
Mouth-nose masks impair the visual field of healthy eyes
Authors: Weber Annika , Hohberger Bettina , Bergua Antonio
Published: May 2021

Background

Mouth-nose masks have been requested to prevent the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of the present study was to investigate, if wearing a mouth-nose mask impairs the visual field function in normals.

Methods

Thirty eyes of 30 subjects were recruited for the present study. White-on-white perimetry (OCTOPUS 900; 90°) was done and sensitivity was analysed in 14 defined test points (P1-P14, inferior visual field) under 3 different test conditions while the subjects were wearing a mouth-nose mask: (I) 1.5 cm under the lower eyelid, nose clip not used (position1.5cm_no_clip); (II) 1.5 cm under the lower eyelid, nose clip correctly positioned (position1.5cm_with_clip); (III) 0.5 cm under the lower eyelid, nose clip correctly positioned (position0.5cm_with_clip). All data were compared to sensitivity without wearing a mouth-nose mask (reference). Mean Δ was calculated, being the difference between the results of each test condition and reference, respectively.

Results

Sensitivity was significantly different between position1.5cm_no_clip and reference at 10 test points (p<0.05). Sensitivity at test point P7 was significantly different between position1.5cm_with_clip and position0.5cm_with_clip compared to reference (p<0.001), respectively. Mean Δ increased while wearing a mask at P7: position1.5cm_with_clip (-8.3 dB ± 7.3 dB) < position0.5cm_with_clip (-11.3 dB ± 9.5 dB) < position1.5cm_no_clip (-20.1 dB ± 7.6 dB).

Conclusion

Visual field function was observed to be significantly impaired in the inferior-nasal sector while persons were wearing a mouth-nose mask, especially when the nose clip was not correctly used.
Applying time series analyses on continuous accelerometry data—A clinical example in older adults with and without cognitive impairment
Authors: Rackoll Torsten , Neumann Konrad , Passmann Sven , Grittner Ulrike , Külzow Nadine , Ladenbauer Julia , Flöel Agnes
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Many clinical studies reporting accelerometry data use sum score measures such as percentage of time spent in moderate to vigorous activity which do not provide insight into differences in activity patterns over 24 hours, and thus do not adequately depict circadian activity patterns. Here, we present an improved functional data analysis approach to model activity patterns and circadian rhythms from accelerometer data. As a use case, we demonstrated its application in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and age-matched healthy older volunteers (HOV).

Methods

Data of two studies were pooled for this analysis. Following baseline cognitive assessment participants were provided with accelerometers for seven consecutive days. A function on scalar regression (FoSR) approach was used to analyze 24 hours accelerometer data.

Results

Information on 48 HOV (mean age 65 SD 6 years) and 18 patients with MCI (mean age 70, SD 8 years) were available for this analysis. MCI patients displayed slightly lower activity in the morning hours (minimum relative activity at 6:05 am: -41.3%, 95% CI -64.7 to -2.5%, p = 0.031) and in the evening (minimum relative activity at 21:40 am: -48.4%, 95% CI -68.5 to 15.4%, p = 0.001) as compared to HOV after adjusting for age and sex.

Discussion

Using a novel approach of FoSR, we found timeframes with lower activity levels in MCI patients compared to HOV which were not evident if sum scores of amount of activity were used, possibly indicating that changes in circadian rhythmicity in neurodegenerative disease are detectable using easy-to-administer accelerometry.

Clinical trials

Effects of Brain Stimulation During Nocturnal Sleep on Memory Consolidation in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairments, ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT01782391. Effects of Brain Stimulation During a Daytime Nap on Memory Consolidation in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment, ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT01782365.
Severe acute respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2: Can it be detected in the retina?
Authors: Bayyoud Tarek , Iftner Angelika , Iftner Thomas , Bartz-Schmidt Karl Ulrich , Ziemssen Focke , Bösmüller Hans , Fend Falko , Rohrbach Jens Martin , Ueffing Marius , Schindler Michael , Thaler Sebastian
Published: May 2021

Background/Objectives

The systemic organ involvement of SARS-CoV-2 needs to be thoroughly investigated including the possibility of an ocular reservoir in humans. To examine retinal tissues and vitreous for histopathology and SARS-CoV-2 presence with regard to possible effects on the human retina and/ or vitreous. We performed histopathological analyses and quantitative (q)RT-PCR-testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA on retinal tissues and vitreous of COVID-19 postmortem donors.

Subjects/Methods

Included in this study were 10 eyes of 5 deceased COVID-19 patients. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed via pharyngeal swabs and broncho-alveolar fluids. The highest level of personal protective equipment (PPE) and measures was employed during fluid-tissue procurement and preparation. Histopathological examinations and qRT-PCR-testing were carried out for all retinal tissues and vitreous fluids.

Results

The histopathological examinations revealed no signs of morphologically identifiable retinal inflammation or vessel occlusions based on hematoxylin and eosin stains. By qRT-PCRs, we detected no significant level of viral RNA in human retina and vitreous.

Conclusions

In this study, no significant level of SARS-CoV-2-RNA was detected in the human retinal and vitreous fluid samples of deceased COVID-19 patients. Histopathological examinations confirmed no morphological sign of damage to retinal vasculature or tissues. Further studies are needed to confirm or refute the results.
Accesibilidad y equidad espacial al transporte público para pacientes con enfermedad neurodegenerativa en Santiago de Cali, Colombia
Authors: Wilches Astudillo Camila Andrea , Jaramillo Ciro , Murillo-Hoyos Jackeline
Published: May 2021

Los sistemas de transporte público suelen ser en ciertos casos el único medio disponible para que algunos grupos de población accedan a servicios que cubren sus necesidades básicas y esenciales. Sin embargo, los diseños de estos sistemas no garantizan una accesibilidad adecuada y funcional, en especial para la población con algún tipo de discapacidad, disminuyendo la calidad de vida de estos usuarios y convirtiéndose en un factor de exclusión social. En este contexto, empleando herramientas de análisis espacial se evaluó la equidad espacial de las condiciones de acceso al sistema de transporte público para la población con enfermedad neurodegenerativa en la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Se estimó la equidad espacial a través de un valor único empleando la curva de Lorenz y el coeficiente de Gini. Esta evaluación facilita el seguimiento a la provisión de servicios generando insumos para establecer estrategias de planificación y operación del sistema de transporte. Se encontró un considerable grado de desigualdad para la provisión de transporte público, debido a múltiples factores, como la disponibilidad de caminata de los pacientes y la proximidad entre la residencia del paciente a una parada y/o un corredor vial del sistema de transporte.
Un enfoque multilingüe y contrastivo de la traducción fraseológica: el corpus paralelo GRAFE
Authors: Martí Solano Ramón
Published: May 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados del análisis traductológico de una selección de unidades fraseológicas (UF) extraídas de una muestra de la obra de David Lodge y de sus traducciones en español y en francés. Se propone una tipología de los principales problemas de fraseotraducción a los que se aplica, según los casos, una metodología basada en el análisis traductológico contrastivo gracias al uso del corpus GRAFE y al programa de concordancias Paraconc. Se trata de aspectos lingüísticos que aparecen en las traducciones en un idioma meta y que pueden estar ausentes en las del otro o incluso en ambos. Hay que destacar dos fenómenos principales: por un lado, la neutralización de la información pragmática (registro de lengua, eufemismo, valor intensificador) contenida en algunas de las UF de la lengua origen (inglés) y por otro, los calcos o traducciones literales de otras UF.
Uma história da Formação de Professores de Matemática na Universidade Federal de Rondônia – UNIR, em Ji-Paraná (1988-2012)
Authors: Albuquerque Marlos Gomes de , Freitas José Luiz Magalhães de
Published: May 2021

Este artigo resulta de uma pesquisa de doutorado que teve como objetivo fazer uma construção histórica da trajetória do curso de Licenciatura Curta em Ciências com Habilitação em Matemática, desde sua criação, processo de consolidação até o atual curso de Licenciatura em Matemática da Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), em Ji-Paraná. Ancorado metodologicamente na História da Educação Matemática, buscou-se vestígios para a construção das fontes por meio de: entrevistas com algumas testemunhas oculares, documentos oficiais e imagens fotográficas, dentre outras. Para a análise, foram utilizados recursos da pesquisa documental. Os resultados evidenciam que o curso se constituiu com um corpo docente vindo das diferentes regiões brasileiras, e saiu de uma formação polivalente em Ciências para uma formação mais conteudista em Matemática; porém, com a criação da Semana de Matemática (SEMAT) e a formação em nível de Pós-Graduação stricto sensu dos professores formadores, caminhou para uma forte tendência em Educação Matemática.
Trabalhos manuais e saberes geométricos – apropriações do Rio de Janeiro a partir da circulação internacional
Authors: Silva Maria Célia Leme da , Frizzarini Claudia Regina Boen , Conceição Gabriel Luís Conceição
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender como propostas de inserção dos trabalhos manuais no ensino primário, que circularam internacionalmente, foram apropriadas no contexto brasileiro, em particular, no Rio de Janeiro, no final do século XIX até a década de 30 do século XX. A análise das fontes pauta-se sobre a circulação e as transferências de conhecimentos; processos de apropriação e objetivação (Matasci, 2015; Valente, 2020). Identificou-se que os três métodos colocados em circulação pelos viajantes brasileiros – Froebel, Boogaerts e Slodj – não foram igualmente incorporados, referenciados e nem reproduzidos para o contexto brasileiro. Conclui-se que, para que os trabalhos manuais fossem considerados como um auxiliar poderoso da geometria, se fez necessário um longo processo de objetivação, de mais de quatro décadas.
Uma história de Formação de Professores no Paraná: a Universidade Volante
Authors: Rolkouski Emerson , Vianna Carlos Roberto , Moreira Laura Leal
Published: May 2021

Este artigo apresenta os cursos de formação de professores ofertados pelo projeto da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Universidade Volante, na década de 1960. A história é contada a partir de fontes documentais e de fontes orais criadas para essa investigação sobre uma parte da História da Educação no Paraná. Foram consultados os anuários da Universidade Federal do Paraná, promotora da Universidade Volante, que forneceram dados quantitativos. As fontes orais contribuíram com aspectos qualitativos e foram criadas a partir de entrevistas com duas educadoras que participaram do projeto, uma como formadora e outra como aluna. As entrevistas foram realizadas seguindo procedimentos teórico-metodológicos da História Oral, que são apresentados no artigo. A investigação revelou como se mobilizavam os professores do interior do Paraná, na década de 1960, em busca de formação profissional em um cenário que revela uma faceta da história da formação de professores e da educação matemática no Brasil.
Docência Universitária: em foco as necessidades formativas de professores bacharéis em Administração
Authors: Santos Darlene Silva dos , Melo Geovana Ferreira
Published: May 2021

A pesquisa apresenta como temática as necessidades formativas de professores bacharéis que atuam no curso de Administração de uma instituição federal de educação superior. A problemática está circunscrita no dilema histórico da pós-graduação stricto sensu: pesquisador versus professor, em que há uma verticalização do conhecimento específico da área de atuação, no entanto, sem interfaces com a dimensão didático-pedagógica. A investigação é de abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e foi desenvolvida em uma universidade pública federal, com dez professores com formação em bacharelado. Os dados foram construídos por meio de questionário e realização de grupo focal. A análise indica como principais necessidades formativas dos docentes bacharéis a compreensão da didática, metodologias de ensino, avaliação da aprendizagem, além de aspectos relacionados à organização da aula como espaço crítico, criativo e emancipatório dos estudantes. A pesquisa revela a importância de fortalecimento da pedagogia universitária, de modo a consolidar espaços e tempos de formação pautados nas necessidades formativas dos docentes.
El aspecto es lo que cuenta
Authors: Dell’Aquila Vanesa
Published: May 2021

La designada ciudad de Rosario desde 1852 fue diversificando y aumentando su población sobre todo a partir de 1860. Esto generó nuevas fronteras territoriales y sociales; estas últimas construidas con articulaciones simbólico-materiales. Nos proponemos indagar en una de ellas, en el retrato como registro mnemónico para la legitimación del lugar social que comenzaban a ocupar los sujetos en la nueva dinámica social de la ciudad que configuraba nuevos marcos sociales.
Caso Clínico: Histoplasmosis Cutánea Diseminada en un Paciente Inmunocomprometido
Authors: Reinoso Herrera Jessica Maribel , Seminario Vintimilla María Eugenia , Arias Deidán Juan
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Histoplasmosis is a frequent systemic mycosis in immunocompromised patients. The clinic is variable and is considered the most common respiratory mycosis worldwide, presenting a higher prevalence in tropical areas including South America. It is estimated that there are forty million patients, calculating two hundred thousand new cases annually. In Ecuador, the epidemiology of the disease is unknown, but it is estimated that 11.1% of patients with AIDS have histoplasmosis. CASE REPORT: Male patient of 23 years old, from Oro - Ecuador, with a history of AIDS diagnosed four years ago, with poor adherence to antiretroviral treatment and pulmonary tuberculosis, is admitted for presenting fever of two weeks evolution, asthenia, productive cough, weight loss, scaly erythematous-violaceous papules spread throughout the integument, with mucosal involvement. The risk factors presented by the patient for histoplasmosis were the lack of compliance with antiretroviral treatment and living in a rural area with exposure to poultry excrement. EVOLUTION: The patient was hospitalized with diagnosis of disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis, AIDS, pulmonary tuberculosis, oral candidiasis and anal herpes. Antiretroviral, antituberculous treatment was continued and Amphotericin-B and itraconazole were started; later the patient was discharged with clinical improvement. CONCLUSION: Dermatoses play an important role in the early diagnosis of histoplasmosis. When there are comorbidities associated with the disease, such as AIDS and pulmonary tuberculosis. It is necessary to rethink the treatment, due to the drug interaction that may exist between Itraconazole and Rifampicin. The patient received Amphotericin-B until clinical improvement. For the prevention of opportunistic diseases, a correct adherence to the antiretroviral treatment, avoid the habitat of the fungus as bird or cave farms and before the risk of exposure, the adequate use of a mask.
Caso Clínico: Neumomediastino Anterior, Secundario a Procedimiento Dental
Authors: Molina León Mayra Alexandra , Aguilar Gaibor Carlos Iván , González González Nancy Abigail , Matute Sánchez Tamara Cristina , Loja Landy Miriam Alexandra. , Angamarca Angamarca Edison Fernando , Astudillo Bravo Diana Katherine
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Neumomediastinum is defined as the presence of air in the mediastinum, It has variable incidence that oscillates between 1/80000 and 1/420000, generates a diversity of clinical characteristics. It can be secondary to thoracic or extra thoracic entities, within extrathoracic causes; it can be associated with dental procedures, being of vital importance consider the possibility and the association to this procedure to get to an adequate diagnosis and treatment. CASE REPORT: A 23-year-old female patient who, 24 hours prior to admission, underwent a dental procedure such as a third-molar left third molar extraction, in which manual instruments and pneumatics dental lathe were used, which had to be suspended; the patient presented severe pain plus respiratory difficulty, after that she presented oppressive chest pain, mandibular and left side neck, accompanied by subcutaneous emphysema in the left side of the face, neck bilaterally and left subclavicular EVOLUTION: The patient was hospitalize with a diagnosis of neumomediastinum secondary to dental procedure to receive treatment with broad spectrum antibiotic and surveillance, during her hospitalization for three days she remains stable, afebrile with general clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: The neumomediastinum is a rare complication after odontological interventions. It should be suspected when pneumatic instrument lathe are used that dissect facial, neck and thorax soft tissues; the patient had a favorable evolution based on the diagnosis and early treatment proposed by the doctors according to the patients symptoms.
Estudio Retrospectivo: Histerectomía Abdominal vs Histerectomía Vaginal, Análisis de Complicaciones Hospitalarias. Hospital San Francisco de Quito. Quito - Ecuador, 2014 - 2015
Authors: López Cabezas Pamela Fernanda , Guerrero Espín Jorge Alexander , Quizhpe Ordóñez Edy Rolando
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus, whose surgical techniques have evolved over time; it is one of the most frequent gynecological surgeries in the world. The objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency of postsurgical complications through the approach and correlate them with risk factors. METHODS: A retrospective study was designed. The total number of women surgically undergoing hysterectomy was selected during the years 2014 and 2015. The universe consisted of 409 women undergoing surgery, of whom a sample of 384 was obtained at the Gynecology Department. The statistical analysis was realized in the statistical tool SPSS 17.0. In the analysis of the results, U Mann-Whitney test, Chi square and Relative Risk were used. RESULTS: It was obtained that the average age was 85 % with an age under 50 years. The average time of surgical procedure was 104 minutes, and an average hospitalization time of 2.7 days. The pathological antecedents were the gynecological-obstetric surgery previous 62 %. 88 % of the hysterectomies. The total incidence of complications due to hysterectomy in general was 3.38 %; 100 % of complications occurred in abdominal hysterectomy. There was no significant statistical correlation with risk factors such as obesity (P 0.15 and RR: 0.39). CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal hysterectomy has fewer postsurgical complications, less days of hospitalization and a shorter surgical time compared to the abdominal approach; however, abdominal hysterectomy is the most frequent of treatment choice. It is recommendable to realize more studies in other health institutions in Ecuador.
Estudio Descriptivo: Variación del Índice de Tiempo de Aceleración/Tiempo de Eyección Sistólico del Tronco de la Arteria Pulmonar por Efecto de Maduración Pulmonar con Corticoides en Fetos Prematuros. Clínica Humanitaria. Cuenca – Ecuador, 2016
Authors: Murillo Aguirre Angélica del Rosario , Gaybor Guillén Mariana Eulalia
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Premature birth represents an important public health problem worldwide and especially in developing countries. In Ecuador (2014), the infant mortality rate reached 8.35 deaths per 1 000 births and their main causes were newborns respiratory distress and gestation period short-term disorders. METHODS: This is an observational longitudinal descriptive research; it was performed in a convenience sample that included 26 singlet on pregnant women between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. They also were on risk of preterm delivery and had indication of lung maturation with corticosteroids. Information of the fetal pulmonary arteries flow was collected to determine the effect of corticosteroids in pulmonary maturation. RESULTS: Mean age was 25.64 years and had an average gestation of 31.2 weeks. Most common diseases were preterm labor threat (72 %) and premature rupture of membranes (13.9 %). There was a statistically significant difference between the values of Acceleration Time / Ejection Time indexes before and after lung maturation (0.272 ms vs. 0.310 ms respectively; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of Acceleration Time / Ejection Time indexes from the trunk of the pulmonary arteries before and after lung maturation evidenced an important significant difference. The findings suggest that pulmonary maturation with corticosteroids is effective to improve the pulmonary arteries flow of preterm fetus.
Resultado del tratamiento en pacientes sometidos a ablación percutánea por arritmias supraventriculares en la ciudad de Cuenca, periodo abril 2013 - julio 2018
Authors: Córdova Serrano Carlos Joaquín , Saavedra Ortega María Belén , Serrano Piedra Diego Patricio , Torracchi Carrasco Aldo Mateo
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Supraventricular tachycardia is commonly diagnosed in clinical practice, despite having a good prognosis, it can significantly affect the patient’s life quality. Pharmacological treatment does not result in the total absence of the arrhythmia, which is why ablation therapy has become the treatment of choice, due to its high success rate, and for offering a definitive solution. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of each supraventricular tachycardia type, according to age and sex, the rate of success of percutaneous ablation and its related factors, and the frequency of complications due to the procedure. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study was conducted, including 156 patients diagnosed with supraventricular tachycardia and ablated, from five hospitals where the procedure was performed, based on their clinical records. RESULTS: From the 156 patients in this study, 51.9% were women and 48.1% men, the age ranged between 10 and 80 years. The most commonly reported arrhythmias were nodal reentrant tachycardia, atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia and atrial flutter, being the atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia the most frequent of all. The global success rate was 93.5%, no complications were reported, and none of the studied factors had significant statistical association with the success rate. CONCLUSION: Ablation treatment had a high success rate, with cero complications in this study, demonstrating the efficacy and safety of the procedure.
New Approach to Melt Pressure Determination during Screw Channel Flow
Authors: Steller R. , Iwko J.
Published: May 2021

Basic equations describing steady, two-directional, isothermal and fully developed drag-pressure flow of generalized Newtonian fluid between parallel plates assumed as the appropriate flow model in flat, shallow screw channel, are given. It is shown that the flow output for any generalized Newtonian fluid in the two-directional case can be described by a simple expression with a few parameters depending in a complicated way on pressure gradient, channel geometry and constants of the constitutive model. The expression is also valid for unidirectional flow as the limiting case of the two-directional flow. The parameters must be determined as a rule with numerical methods. To simplify the practical calculations, a few (semi)analytical methods of parameters determination for unidirectional power law flow are discussed first. These methods make possible to calculate analytically the pressure gradient for known output that is typical of screw flow characterization. The results obtained for the unidirectional flow 1-D were generalized to describe the two-directional flow 2-D, which takes into account both longitudinal and transverse velocity components. The generalization is based on translation and dilation of the 1-D flow characteristics by introducing a few additional parameters, which are only dependent on the helix angle and power law exponent. It was found a very good agreement between exact numerical and approximate ( semi)analytical characteristics for both flows.
Политический перформанс Пабло Иглесиаса
Authors: Vernikov Vladimir
Published: May 2021

Автор анализирует политическую траекторию одного из самых популярных политических деятелей Испании, лидера партии «Подемос» Пабло Иглесиаса. В течение нескольких лет он отстаивал идею создания левого коалиционного правительства вместе с социалистической партией, побеждавшей на парламентских выборах, но не добивавшейся абсолютного большинства в парламенте. В 2019 году ему это удалось, а сам он стал одним из вице-премьеров. В марте 2021 года П. Иглесиас неожиданно для своих союзников по коалиции заявил о выходе из состава правительства и намерении участвовать в выборах в региональный парламент провинции Мадрид, чтобы способствовать победе левых сил.
Pío Pico and Antonio Cuyas
Authors: Henderson D. Michael
Published: May 2021

The 1870 Pico House luxury hotel on Los Angeles’s historic Plaza has always been associated with Pío Pico, the last governor of California in the Mexican Era. Based on historical evidence in the Archive of the city’s El Pueblo de Los Angeles Historic Monument and further research, archives manager Michael Henderson traces the proprietorship of the hotel from its first conception as a partnership between Pico and Antonio Cuyas, through successive management and legal cases to its eclipse and the deaths of its original proprietors in the 1890s.
Sybil Geary, Women, and the Automobile in Los Angeles, 1900–1920
Authors: Holter Darryl
Published: May 2021

The new world of the automobile was a male domain, but women in Los Angeles broke gender-based barriers when they drove in endurance runs and car races, used automobiles to mobilize for the “Votes for Women” amendment, organized car parades to overturn a no-parking ordinance, and influenced auto manufacturers to add new features for safety, comfort, and custom design. Although all the founders of the Automobile Club of Southern California were men, Miss Sybil Geary emerged as the dynamic leader of the club by expanding the organization’s membership, hiring women service representatives, launching programs to install informational road signage, and leading research and lobbying efforts to enact the first comprehensive regulatory regime for the automobile in the state of California in 1913.
Differential Effects of Trichostatin A on Mouse Embryogenesis and Development
Authors: Peng Cheng , Lv Zhuo , Hai Tang , Dai Xiang Peng , Zhou Qi
Published: May 2021

Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, can significantly improve the reprogramming efficiency of somatic cells. However, whether TSA has detrimental effect on other kinds of embryos is largely unknown because of the lack of integrated analysis of TSA effect on natural fertilized embryos. To investigate the effect of TSA on mouse embryo development, we analyzed preimplantation and post-implantation development of in vivo, in vitro fertilized, and parthenogenetic embryos treated with TSA at different concentrations and durations. In vivo fertilized embryos appeared to be the most sensitive to TSA treatment among the three groups, and the blastocyst formation rate decreased sharply as TSA concentration and treatment time increased. TSA treatment also reduced the livebirth rate for in vivo fertilized embryos from 56.59% to 38.33%, but did not significantly affect postnatal biological functions such as the pups’ reproductive performance and their ability for spatial learning and memory. Further analysis indicated that the acetylation level of H3K9 and H4K5 was enhanced by TSA treatment at low concentrations, while DNA methylation appeared to be also disturbed by TSA treatment only at high concentration. Thus, our data indicates that TSA has different effects on preimplantation embryonic development depending on the nature of the embryo’s reproductive origin, the TSA concentration and treatment time, whereas the effect of TSA at indicated concentration on postnatal function was minor.
Effects of diagonal bracing on thermal insulation of wood-frame walls
Authors: Liu Mingbin , Lu Feng , Zhang Xuedong , Yang Xiaolin
Published: May 2021

The influence of various diagonal-bracings arrangements on the heat transfer coefficient of wooden walls was studied with the goal of improving the thermal insulation performance of the walls. Through the reliability verification of the theoretical value of the heat transfer coefficient, this study found that a larger proportion of wood frame area resulted in larger theoretical and test values for the heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient of the wall with expanded polystyrene foam sheet (EPS) was 5.90% to 6.10% higher than that with extruded polystyrene foam sheet (XPS), and the tested value was 4.75% to 8.60% higher. The maximum value of the average heat transfer coefficient of 12 diagonal-braced walls was 0.366 W·m-2·K-1, which met the thermal level of the severe cold area. The test value of the heat transfer coefficient was larger than the theoretically calculated value, and the linear correlation was up to 0.978.
Examining political participation in Lithuania: The direct and mediated effects of social trust
Authors: Gaidytė Teodora , Muis Jasper
Published: May 2021

This article investigates the effects of social trust, both direct and mediated – via internal and external efficacy – on different forms of political participation in post-communist Lithuania. The relationship between social trust and participation features prominently in the social capital and civic culture literature, but little empirical evidence exists that supports it, especially in post-communist democracies. We use the Lithuanian National Elections Study 2012 to test our hypotheses and replicate our analysis with the European Social Survey waves of 2014 and 2016. Our results show that social trust increases turnout, because it is related to a sense of external efficacy, which in turn enhances the likelihood that people vote. There is, however, no association between social trust and being involved in other institutionalised politics, namely, working for a political party. Interestingly, we find a positive indirect effect for non-institutionalised political participation: social trust increases external efficacy, which in turn enhances protest behaviour. Overall, however, social trust does not lead to more protesting, because the former is at the same time positively related to political trust, which seems to decrease, rather than increase non-institutionalised participation. In sum, our findings demonstrate that explanations for political participation based on the core element of social capital – social trust – work out differently for different forms of political participation.
Cerebral thromboangiitis associated with Covid-19 infection: a young woman case report
Authors: Lucia Mirabella , Francesco Barberio , Roberta Caporusso , Livio Tullo , Daniela Labella , Karim Mariano , Michela Rauseo , Luca Macarini , Gilda Cinnella
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 may predispose to both venous and arterial thromboembolic disease due to excessive inflammation, hypoxia, and immobilization. Remarkably, thrombotic complications have hardly been described. We describe a patient with severe pneumonia, COVID-19 correlated, who developed a presumable and rare form of thromboangioiitis with cerebrovascular thrombotic complication and neurological symptoms, in absence of other cardio-vascular risk factor. Significant inflammation is present in our patient, which may explain more dramatic activation of coagulation and arterial endothelium vessels damage. The probable mechanism of this cardiovascular injury may be a direct effect of coronavirus related to Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2-r). The exact mechanisms by which COVID-19 induced hypercoagulability remain incompletely elucidated and more research are necessary.
Acute Respiratory Illnesses in Children in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Haddadin Zaid , Schuster Jennifer E. , Spieker Andrew J. , Rahman Herdi , Blozinski Anna , Stewart Laura , Campbell Angela P. , Lively Joana Y. , Michaels Marian G. , Williams John V. , Boom Julie A. , Sahni Leila C. , Staat Mary , McNeal Monica , Selvarangan Rangaraj , Harrison Christopher J. , Weinberg Geoffrey A. , Szilagyi Peter G. , Englund Janet A. , Klein Eileen J. , Curns Aaron T. , Rha Brian , Langley Gayle E. , Hall Aron J. , Patel Manish M. , Halasa Natasha B.
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVES

Nonpharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 likely have a role in decreasing viral acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs). We aimed to assess the frequency of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza ARIs before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

METHODS

This study was a prospective, multicenter, population-based ARI surveillance, including children seen in the emergency departments and inpatient settings in 7 US cities for ARI. Respiratory samples were collected and evaluated by molecular testing. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association between community mitigation and number of eligible and proportion of RSV and influenza cases.

RESULTS

Overall, 45 759 children were eligible; 25 415 were enrolled and tested; 25% and 14% were RSV-positive and influenza-positive, respectively. In 2020, we noted a decrease in eligible and enrolled ARI subjects after community mitigation measures were introduced, with no RSV or influenza detection from April 5, 2020, to April 30, 2020. Compared with 2016–2019, there was an average of 10.6 fewer eligible ARI cases per week per site and 63.9% and 45.8% lower odds of patients testing positive for RSV and influenza, respectively, during the 2020 community mitigation period. In all sites except Seattle, the proportions of positive tests for RSV and influenza in the 2020 community mitigation period were lower than predicted.

CONCLUSIONS

Between March and April 2020, rapid declines in ARI cases and the proportions of RSV and influenza in children were consistently noted across 7 US cities, which could be attributable to community mitigation measures against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Study of Carbohydrate Hydrolysis From Arracacha Roots (Arracacia Xanthorriza Bancroft) to Produce Fermentable Sugars
Authors: Carranza Saavedra Darwin , Alvarado Nuñez Jorge Andrés , Solanilla Duque José Fernando , Valenzuela Real Claudia Patricia
Published: May 2021

In Colombia, approximately 855 840 tons of arracacha are produced each year. The unsalable postharvest arracacha root (Arracacia xanthorriza Bancroft) is not commercialized, mainly due to mechanical damage or small and misshapen roots. In this work, dry samples were characterized and subjected to two treatments: one using thermal hydrolysis, applying saturated steam at pressures of 0,1034 MPa, 0,2068 MPa, and 0,4137 MPa; and another one using hydrolysis with sulfuric acid in concentrations between 0,252,00 M. Then, the cake resulting from the hydrolysis and filtration process was enzymatically hydrolyzed (Liquozyme SC DS, Novozymes) at 1,5, 5 and 10 KNU/g (pH 6, 80 _C, 2 h). Fermentation inhibitors (acetic acid and furfural) were evaluated in the best pretreatment. The results showed that the treatment with sulfuric acid at 1,00 M (2 h) has high yields in reducing sugars added to enzymatic hydrolysis. The maximum level of fermentable carbohydrates per gram of dry sample (1,04 g/g) was also reached. Regarding the fermentation inhibitors of the reducing sugar, a higher concentration of acetic acid was found with a lower furfural content. Therefore, arracacha discards are a promising raw material to increase the supply of bioethanol.
Alkaline solution as a control of Botrytis cinerea, Rhizopus stolonifer, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli growth in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa)
Authors: Santacruz Stalin , Cedeño Jessy
Published: May 2021

Post-harvest treatments of fruits and vegetables can help to reduce the attack of microorganisms especially the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. Alkaline water solutions were used to control of the growth of Botrytis cinerea, Rhizopus stolonifer, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). Strawberries were inoculated with the microorganisms and afterwards were immersed in alkaline solutions of pH 11, 12 and 13. In vitro microbiological analyses were used to evaluate the presence of the microorganisms after fruit immersion in alkaline solutions, while the disc diffusion method was used to study the inhibition of microorganism growth. According to the results, alkaline solutions at pH 13 can be utilized to control Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer in strawberries. The immersion of strawberries in alkaline solutions at pH 13 for 60 min allowed to control in vitro development of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli.
Control and translocation of saflufenacil in fleabane (Conyza spp.) according to plant integrity
Authors: Mussoi Cavichioli Bruno , Facco Barbieri Geovana , Salin Pigatto Cassiano , Pacheco Leães Glauco , Diehl Kruse Nelson , Da Rosa Ulguim André
Published: May 2021

Efficient herbicide absorption and translocation, and satisfactory weed control can be affected by the site of herbicide application. However, during harvesting of crops of previous soybean sowing, the cutting process made by harvesters on the fleabane may generate a difficult management in pre sowing of the crop by limiting the leaf area of the absorption of the herbicide. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the control efficiency and translocation potential of saflufenacil in fleabane plants with different leaf and stem conditions. Experiment I was arranged in a 2x10 factorial scheme, with factor A corresponding to leaf integrity, and factor B corresponding to different levels of injury and saflufenacil application. Weed control was evaluated at 7, 14, and 21 days after herbicide treatment (DAT), and dry matter was evaluated at 21 DAT. Experiment II consisted of applying saflufenacil to different fleabane structures, where the percentage of necrotic area was evaluated at 1, 3, 5, and 7 DAT. Fleabane control was higher than 75% in all treatments with saflufenacil application, with greater control in plants previously defoliated. Saflufenacil application on 10 and 20 cm hairy fleabane plants was also efficient in all treatments. Saflufenacil application in old stem showed a larger necrotic area, while application in the site of the cutting resulted in a lower necrotic area. The main pathway for translocation of saflufenacil is via xylem and the stem proved to be the absorption element of the herbicide when leaf area is limited.