bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Bulk RNA Sequencing for the Evaluation of Keratin Nanomaterials as a Coating for Percutaneous Devices
Authors: Miller Andrew , Beck James Peter , White Alexis , Agarwal Jayant , Bachus Kent N. , Jeyapalina Sujee , Van Dyke Mark
Published: February 2025

Despite advances in the design and protocols for maintaining the skin/device interface around percutaneous devices (PDs), no current strategy ensures the permanent attachment of peri‐implant epithelial tissue to the device surface. Based on preliminary data, we hypothesized that PDs coated with keratin nanomaterials, resembling the fingernail‐nailbed interface, could provide a biochemically mediated surface that enhances epidermal cell adhesion and differentiation. To test this hypothesis, 15 Yucatan miniature pigs were each implanted with six percutaneous titanium devices, comprising three porous and three smooth devices, both with and without keratin coatings (Kerateine [iKNT] and Keratose [gKOS]). The pigs were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 16 weeks post‐implantation. The devices and surrounding tissues were harvested and analyzed using histological and RNA sequencing techniques. Compared to smooth peri‐implant tissue, porous peri‐implant tissue showed a significant decrease in epithelial downgrowth, fibrous capsule thickness, and infection rates, alongside a significant upregulation of multiple immune marker genes, including IL12B. At the 16‐week period, gKOS‐coated surfaces demonstrated a more favorable wound healing response than iKTN‐coated devices, with a reduction in granulation tissue area and a significant upregulation of several keratin genes related to differentiation. Among the combinations of surface types and coatings studied, the porous gKOS‐coated device produced the most favorable wound healing response.
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Tandem With Other Types of Extracorporeal Circuits: The Experience of a Pediatric Center and a Review of Other Pediatric Center Reports
Authors: Aplenc Lejla Music , Wood Nicole , Iqbal Nazia Tabassum , George Cindy , Burroughsscanlon Cherie
Published: February 2025

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) concurrently performed in critically ill pediatric patients with other extracorporeal circuits is a complex process. We sought to characterize tandem procedures, including patient demographics, primary diagnosis, American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) category indications, survival at 24 h and 30 days after completion, blood product utilization, and complications. A retrospective analysis of medical records was performed. Data were collected from July 2014 to January 2021 with institutional review board approval. Patients' demographics, blood product utilization, and adverse events data were collected. In addition, we performed a literature review to identify studies in the pediatric population that were similar in design to our study. Fifty patients underwent 262 procedures. The median age was 9 years, and median weight was 21 kg (42% of patients weighed less than 10 kg). The most frequent indications for plasma exchange included sepsis with multiorgan failure (11 patients) and multiorgan failure (9 patients). ASFA indication category III was the most common (42 patients), followed by uncategorized indications (6 patients). The most common adverse events were hypocalcemia, occurring in 120 (45%) procedures, hypotension in 25 (9.5%) procedures, and circuit clotting in 12 (4.5%) procedures. Citrate, heparin, and bivalirudin were used as anticoagulants. Thirty‐nine (78%) patients survived 24 h, and 26 (52%) patients were alive 30 days after completion of tandem procedures. Despite the high level of complexity, tandem procedures can be performed efficiently and safely in critically ill children.
Evaluation and Remediation Strategies for Struggling Residents Within Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Programs
Authors: Daley Samuel J , DMD Syed Raza , Martin Hunter J , Segal Joshua D , Salama Andrew R
Published: February 2025

Purpose/Objectives

Several studies have evaluated resident and trainee remediation strategies across various surgical subspecialties. However, limited research exists on this topic within the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS) literature. The purpose of this study was to identify cross‐sectional patterns of evaluation and remediation strategies for underperforming OMS residents in the United States.

Methods

A cross‐sectional cohort study was conducted using a 22‐question survey administered to OMS residency Program Directors of all programs approved by the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) within the United States. The predictor variables included the demographics and resident assessment methods of responding programs. The outcome variables included the results of remediation strategies and corrective action plans for residents identified as struggling over the preceding 10 years. Responses were anonymized, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the collected data.

Results

Completed surveys were obtained from 29 (29%) CODA‐approved programs. Twenty‐five of 29 (86%) programs reported placing 64 residents on corrective action plans. Nine of 29 (31%) programs reported that 14 residents were dismissed during that period. The most common deficiencies in residents requiring corrective action plans were cognitive skills (37.9%), clinical skills (20.7%), and interpersonal skills (20.7%). Residents were almost always given a warning prior to initiating remediation or probation (96.6%), with verbal (46.4%) and written (53.4%) warnings being used with nearly equivalent frequency. Remedial action most often included general counseling (15.9%), more frequent feedback sessions (15.9%), assignment of a mentor (15.2%), didactic remediation (13.3%), psychiatric/psychologic counseling (11.26%), and lengthened training time (6.6%). Most programs reported utilization of a formal remediation protocol (75.9%) and 85.7% of programs subjectively felt their process was effective. Almost one‐quarter of respondents (24.1%) stated that no formal remediation protocol exists at their institution.

Conclusions

Most OMS programs utilized some form of remediation protocols, but their usage was inconsistent and infrequent. The evaluation and remediation processes among OMS residency programs have significant variability, relying heavily on program or institution‐specific protocols.
Paternal Split‐Liver Transplantation Followed by Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in an Adult Patient With Protoporphyria‐Induced Liver Failure
Authors: Stölzel Ulrich , Jost Lasse , Seehofer Daniel , Egger‐Heidrich Katharina , Scheuermann Uwe , Hölig Kristina , Stauch Thomas , Kunadt Desiree , Schuppan Detlef , Schetelig Johannes , Wohmann Nils , Bornhäuser Martin , Stölzel Friedrich
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP) caused skin light sensitivity and liver cirrhosis in a 35‐year‐old patient who subsequently developed liver‐failure.

Methods

In absence of a human leukocyte antigens (HLA)‐matched‐unrelated donor, the father consented in donating for split liver transplantation (SLT) and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).

Results

After bridging therapy and successful SLT a first paternal HCT resulted in graft failure. For a second haploidentical HCT a different regimen was applied leading to engraftment while protoporphyrin (PP) blood‐levels decreased to normal and skin light sensitivity skin disappeared, leading to complete remission in an immunosuppressive‐free patient.

Conclusion

Haploidentical transplantation is a feasible treatment approach in EPP‐patients.

Trial Registration

The authors have confirmed clinical trial registration is not needed for this submission
Characteristics of Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Infection Patterns Among Women Aged 35–65 in Fujian Province, China: A Nine‐Year Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Lu Zhen , Dong Binhua , Yao Peng , Huang Ying , Fu Leiwen , Wang Bingyi , Huang Xinxin , Mao Xiaodan , Xu Shuxia , Liu Siyang , Sun Pengming , Zou Huachun
Published: February 2025

The assessment of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution could inform targeted cervical cancer prevention strategies. The epidemiology of HPV genotypes in terms of age and cervical lesions in Fujian Province, China has not been well described. This 9‐year retrospective study aimed to delineate the prevalence pattern and trend of HPV genotypes among a large‐scale community‐based population. Deidentified data were retrieved from the national cervical cancer screening program in China. We included eligible women aged 35–65 years who underwent cervical cancer screening between 2014 and 2022 in Fujian Province. The HPV prevalence within distinct subpopulations was calculated, and trends in HPV prevalence over the years and across age groups were examined using the Cochran‐Armitage trend test. A total of 551 604 women (median age 49 years [42, 54]; 0.10% with cervical cancer) were included in this study. The overall HPV prevalence was 11.72% (95% CI: 11.63%–11.80%), with HR‐HPV (high‐risk HPV) and HPV 16/18 prevalence at 10.02% (9.94%–10.10%) and 1.74% (1.71%–1.78%), respectively. HPV‐52, 58, 16, 39, 51, and 68 were the most predominant genotypes in the general population. Nearly all genotypes, except for HPV‐39 and 66, showed a decreasing trend in prevalence over the years, while a relatively high prevalence of HR‐HPV was observed across all age groups. As lesion severity increased, HR‐HPV and 9v‐HPV prevalence also increased. Our study underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance of HPV prevalence in China. While the overall decline in HPV infections over the years is encouraging, the relatively high prevalence of HR‐HPV warrants continued attention. Strengthening public health strategies—including prioritizing and promoting the current 9‐valent vaccination, extending HPV testing and cervical cancer screening to older women where feasible, and developing future vaccines targeting more HR‐HPV genotypes—will be crucial in eliminating cervical cancer and HPV‐related disease in China and beyond.
DGK1 as a Target of Gemfibrozil to Induce Lipid Accumulation via the Transcription Factors TUP1/CYC8 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Liu Yao , Liu Weiwei , Shen Yuhu , Cao Fangqi , Deng Yunxia , Cao Zhangjun , Huang Zhiwei
Published: February 2025

Gemfibrozil (GEM) is a phenoxy aromatic acid‐based lipid‐lowering drug. It activates peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPAR‐α), which leads to altered lipid metabolism and lowers serum triglyceride levels by modulating lipoprotein lipase. However, the action of the mode of GEM is still unclear. Herein, the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae was applied to explore the molecular mechanism of GEM regulating lipid metabolism. The results showed that the triacylglycerol (TAG) content and the number of lipid droplets of yeast increased significantly after GEM treatment in the wild‐type BY4741. Screening of mutations related to lipid metabolism pathways (PAH1, DGK1, TGL3, TGL4, LRO1, ARE1, ARE2, and DGA1) showed that dgk1Δ had no change in lipid accumulation under GEM. In the wild type, GEM inhibited the expression of DGK1, resulting in a significant decrease in the contents of phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS)) and neutral lipids (TAG and diacylglycerol (DAG)). However, their abundances could not be changed in dgk1Δ after the treatment with GEM Luciferase assay further showed that DGK1 may be a target of GEM to induce lipid accumulation via TUP1/CYC8, which could act on the DGK1 promoter‐TATA highly conserved element (‐400 bp – 200 bp). Altogether, the effect of GEM on lipid metabolism was associated with the upregulation of TUP1/CYC8, leading to a decrease in the expression of DGK1, thereby increasing the TAG content in yeast cells. It is expected that the data will help to clarify the molecular mechanism of GEM regulating lipid metabolism in humans.
Nutritional management and outcomes of malnourished children under 2 years with intestinal failure
Authors: Pavanelli Estela Cristina , Neto Joao Seda , Farah Beatriz Camilo , Longo Roberta Luiza , Person Natália Canale , Gritti Catiana Mitica , de Jesus Carine Dias Ferreira , de Carvalho Camila Mascarenhas Teixeira , Hayashi Massami , Gameiro Catherina Oliveira , Brufato Jackeline Farias , Blini Gabrielle Marques , Vincenzi Rodrigo
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to assess the evolution of nutritional status, parenteral nutrition (PN) composition, and PN dependence index (PNDI) in children under 2 years old with intestinal failure (IF) and malnutrition.

Methods

This retrospective cohort included patients admitted between November 1, 2016, and August 31, 2021, with IF, age ≤24 months, and weight‐for‐age (Wt/A) <−2 standard deviation with a follow‐up of 12 months. Data collected included demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and nutritional information. The PNDI was compared between enteral autonomy (EA) and nonenteral autonomy (non‐EA) groups.

Results

Thirty patients (16 males, 53.33%) were included, and short bowel syndrome (SBS) was the leading cause of IF (n = 27, 90%). The mean age at admission was 7.23 ± 3.90 months, and 36.66% of the patients had a conjugated bilirubin (CB) level >2 mg/dL; 87% had a Wt/A z‐score <−3 and 90% had a height‐for‐age (Ht/A) z‐score <−3. At 5 months, the mean Wt/A z‐score improved to −1.82. At admission, median protein, lipid, and glucose intake on PN were 3, 1.6, and 17.27 g/kg/day, respectively. In the PNDI analysis, the EA group had a mean index of 141% versus 158% for the non‐EA group at admission, with no statistical differences. From the sixth month onward, the EA group showed a significantly lower PNDI (50% vs. 108% for non‐EA patients; p = 0.032). Both groups demonstrated adequate nutritional recovery.

Conclusion

Adequate multidisciplinary care can reverse severe malnutrition, and the PNDI may be a predictor of EA.
Safety and Efficacy of a Protocol for In‐Office Pediatric Aural Foreign Body Removal
Authors: Prasad Dilan , Isaacson Glenn
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To examine the safety and efficacy of a step‐by‐step protocol for the office removal of aural foreign bodies (FB) in a pediatric population.

Methods

All children presenting to an academic pediatric outpatient department were identified from a computerized collection of office notes and operative reports. FB removal was performed in a standard fashion including: (1) pre‐procedure discussion with shared decision making, (2) restraint in a supine position with a trained second person holding the head, (3) FB removal using an operative microscope and instrumentation. A case was considered a failure if subsequent removal under sedation or general anesthesia was required.

Results

447 total cases (ears) were identified in 428 children (19 had bilateral FBs). 201/428 (47%) of children had previous attempts at FB removal elsewhere. 431/447 (96.4%) of FBs were successfully extracted in the office. 16/447 (3.6%) of FBs were removed in the operating room. Out of the 431 successful removals, two patients had minor complications (ear canal lacerations). No child suffered a more severe complication. The failed removal group was more likely to have a documented neurodevelopmental disorder (4/21 vs. 12/407, p = 0.0001).

Conclusion

This protocol resulted in a high rate of successful FB removal, even in children with prior failed attempts. There were no significant ear injuries in this 22‐year experience, which included children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder. This approach should be considered by otolaryngologists who care for children in the office setting.

Level of Evidence

3—Retrospective review.
The Nexus Between Intensive Land Utilization, Energy Efficiency, and Economic Growth: Application of Advanced Econometric Approaches
Authors: Waheed Rida , Aziz Ghazala , Khan Mohd Saeed
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to analyze Saudi Arabia's economic transformation, emphasizing the period from 1990 to 2022 and considering the implementation of Vision 2030. Land use, energy consumption, and economic growth are evaluated through the use of a nonlinear ARDL model. Based on the findings, the Saudi economy has shifted from relieving heavily on oil revenues to diversification and sustainability. The economy has been positively impacted by sustainable land use practices and a reduction in nonrenewable energy consumption since Vision 2030, which highlights the early successes of diversification efforts. The study demonstrates a strong link between energy efficiency enhancements and economic performance, highlighting the economic benefits of ongoing energy reforms. However, the Saudi economy's sensitivity to oil prices persists, albeit with a diminished impact post‐Vision 2030. The research emphasizes the importance of strategic land management and investment in energy‐efficient technologies to foster a resilient and diversified economic structure.
Targeting CDK4/6 suppresses colorectal cancer by destabilizing YAP1
Authors: Wen Yalei , Yang Xiao , Li Shengrong , Huang Lei , Chen Jiayi , Tan Lirong , Ma Xiuqing , Zhu Yingjie , Li Zhengqiu , Shan Changliang , Zhang Chunze , Zhang Qiushi , Liang Mingchao , Zhang Haoxing , Liu Tongzheng
Published: February 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most prevalent and deadly cancers worldwide. The Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) is frequently dysregulated in cancers, contributing to cancer stemness, chemoresistance, and cancer‐related death. However, strategies directly targeting YAP1 have not yet been successful because of the lack of active binding pockets and unregulated toxicity. In this study, our Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved drug screening reveals that abemaciclib, a cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor, dramatically promotes the proteasome‐dependent degradation of YAP1, thereby inhibiting tumor progression in CRC cells and patient‐derived xenograft models. We further identify deubiquitinating enzyme 3 (DUB3) as the bona fide deubiquitinase of YAP1 in CRC. Mechanistically, CDK4/6 directly phosphorylates DUB3 at Ser41, activating DUB3 to deubiquitinate and stabilize YAP1. Conversely, loss of Ser41 phosphorylation by CDK4/6 inhibition or Ser41A mutation, promotes YAP1 degradation and suppresses YAP1‐driven tumor progression. Histological analysis shows a positive correlation between DUB3 and YAP1 expression in CRC specimens. Collectively, our study uncovers a novel oncogenic role of the CDK4/6‐DUB3 pathway, which promotes YAP1 stabilization and tumor‐promoting function, highlighting that targeting CDK4/6 offers a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC with aberrantly upregulated DUB3 and YAP1.
Cooked Broccoli Alters Cecal Microbiota and Impacts Microbial Metabolism of Glucoraphanin in Lean and Obese Mice
Authors: Zhao Anqi , Li Jiaxuan , Peterson Mark , Black Molly , Gaulke Christopher A. , Jeffery Elizabeth H. , Miller Michael J.
Published: February 2025

Scope

Brassica vegetables contain unique compounds known as glucosinolates (GSLs), which, when hydrolyzed by plant or microbial myrosinase, form bioactive isothiocyanates (ITCs) that offer health benefits to the host. The present study evaluated the impact of cooked broccoli (broccoli myrosinase inactivated) consumption on cecal microbial metabolism of glucoraphanin (GRP) in lean and obese mice and characterized the changes in cecal microbiota following broccoli‐containing diets.

Methods and results

Twenty lean and 20 diet‐induced obese (DIO) mice were randomized to consume control or cooked broccoli supplemented diets for 7 days. Cooked broccoli consumption increased ex vivo microbial GRP hydrolysis by cecal contents collected from lean and obese mice, led to increased production of sulforaphane (SF), sulforaphane‐cysteine (SF‐CYS), total ITC, and colonic NAD(P)H: Quinone Oxidoreductase (NQO1) activity. Further investigation revealed increased abundance of health‐promoting gut microbiota, including Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group and Dubosiella newyorkensis, following broccoli‐containing diets. The Peptococcaseae family, the Blautia genus, and an amplicon sequence variation (ASV) from the Oscillospiraceae family exhibited negative correlation with total ITC production.

Conclusion

These finding suggest that cooked broccoli consumption enhances microbial GRP hydrolysis to produce more bioactive ITCs and inform future strategies toward altering microbial GSL metabolism to promote gut health in both lean and obese individuals.
A Compact 2.05 μm MOPA Laser With SLM Operation
Authors: Liu Wei , Ju Youlun , Dai Tongyu , Liu Qiang , Liu Chao
Published: February 2025

We present a single longitudinal mode Ho:YLF MOPA laser operating at 2050.7 nm by utilizing the Fabry–Perot etalon method to construct a compact SLM seed laser and employing Tm‐doped fiber as the amplifier. With an output power of 336 mW generated by the seed laser, the maximum output power of 13.1 W for the single longitudinal mode MOPA laser was recorded at a pump power of 88.7 W. A peak slope efficiency of 26.9% was achieved when the pump power exceeded 58.7 W. To our knowledge, this is the first report of utilizing Tm‐doped fiber to amplify the SLM operation of Ho:YLF laser.
Adherence to self‐monitoring and behavioral goals is associated with improved weight loss in an mHealth randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: Burke Lora E. , Bizhanova Zhadyra , Conroy Molly B. , Cheng Jessica , Beatrice Britney , Kariuki Jacob K. , Parmanto Bambang , Sereika Susan M.
Published: February 2025

Objective

The SMARTER mobile health (mHealth) weight‐loss trial compared adherence to self‐monitoring (SM) of diet, physical activity (PA), and weight and adherence to study‐prescribed diet and PA goals between SM + feedback (SM + FB) and SM‐only arms over 12 months.

Methods

Participants used digital tools to monitor their dietary intake, PA, and weight. We applied generalized linear mixed modeling to compare patterns of monthly adherence to SM and behavioral goals between groups over time and examine the association of adherence to SM and behavioral goals with ≥5% weight loss.

Results

The sample (N = 502) was 80% female and 82% White, with a mean (SD) BMI of 33.7 (4.0) kg/m2. Adherence to SM and fat, calorie, and PA goals declined nonlinearly over time, with the SM + FB group displaying less of a decline compared with the SM‐only group. Higher adherence to diet, PA, and weight SM and to calorie and PA goals was associated with greater odds of achieving ≥5% weight loss. A higher monthly probability of achieving ≥5% weight loss was associated with greater adherence to diet, PA, and weight SM and to calorie and PA goals.

Conclusions

These results suggest that future research should examine the mechanisms underlying tailored FB to improve the effect of FB intervention strategies that can lead to improved weight loss.
Validation of Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum Mother‐Baby Link
Authors: Vasilakis‐Scaramozza Catherine , Persson Rebecca , Kafatos George , Neasham David , Hagberg Katrina Wilcox , Jick Susan
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Assess the validity of the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum Mother‐Baby Link (MBL).

Methods

We assessed the validity of CPRD Aurum MBL pairs using several strategies. Our study population was based on all available MBL pairs in a 100‐practice sample of CPRD Aurum. We sent a questionnaire to the general practitioner of a sample of MBL patients asking if linkage was correct and whether delivery date was correct within 14 days. We also compared MBL delivery date to the matched child's birth date in CPRD Aurum. Finally, in the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) eligible population, we compared MBL delivery date to birthing parent's HES delivery date.

Results

The study population included 124 962 MBL pairs: 124 962 livebirths, 91 218 birthing parents, and 123 562 deliveries. Based on 361 questionnaire responses standardized to the MBL population, 85% (95% CI 74%–96%) of pairs were confirmed as correctly matched, <1% (0.04%–1.4%) were incorrectly matched, and 13% (10%–18%) could not be confirmed. For 71% (61%–82%) of the sample, delivery date was correct within 14 days. Among the entire population of 124 962 MBL pairs, 73% of MBL pairs had MBL delivery date within the baby's birth month recorded in CPRD Aurum. Among 79 834 patients with HES linkage, 94% of 107 080 MBL deliveries in CPRD Aurum were confirmed in HES.

Conclusions

Our various assessments of CPRD Aurum MBL found the great majority of pairs were correctly matched and most delivery dates were correct within 14 days. Further refinement of delivery dates may be necessary for some studies.
Impacts of assimilating polarimetric radar KDP observations with an ensemble Kalman filter on analyses and predictions of a rainstorm associated with Typhoon Hato (2017)
Authors: Shu Aiqing , Shen Feifei , Li Hong , Min Jinzhong , Luo Jingyao , Xu Dongmei , Chen Jiajun
Published: February 2025

The direct assimilation of polarimetric‐radar specific differential phase KDP observations is realized with an ensemble Kalman filter within the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation system. The landfall of Typhoon Hato is chosen as a case study to investigate the added value of assimilating polarimetric variable KDP in improving analyses and predictions of a short‐term rainstorm associated with the typhoon through three experiments. A control experiment without data assimilation is carried out, along with two radar data assimilation experiments. One of them assimilates reflectivity ZH and radial velocity RV from the Yangjiang radar at 6 min intervals within a 1 hr assimilation time frame, and the other assimilates specific differential phase KDP on top of ZH and RV. The results show that the wind convergence is generated at the lower layer and the rainwater mixing ratio qr content is enriched in the location where the heavy rainstorm occurred when KDP observations are additionally assimilated. It seems that favorable dynamical and moisture conditions are provided with the assimilation of KDP to adjust the location and magnitude of the rainfall center. Furthermore, both the analyzed and predicted composite reflectivity match best with the observations due to the more precise depiction of the hydrometeor qr with the introduction of polarimetric variable KDP. In the final deterministic forecast initialized by the ensemble mean analysis, not only the location but also the intensity of the rainfall center best fits the observation with the assimilation of KDP. To be specific, the experiment assimilating KDP yields comparatively the highest forecast skill with threat‐score values consistently greater than 0.13. However, its bias scores show that the rainfall at 25 mm threshold is overestimated, whereas the rainfall at 125 mm threshold is underestimated. The improved forecast skill can also be proved by the quantitative threat score and fraction skill score using percentile‐based thresholds.
Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Signalling and Viral Pathogens: A Dynamic Cross‐Talk
Authors: Khanizadeh Sayyad , Shahzamani Kiana , Nakhaie Mohsen , Pormohammad Ali , Talei Gholamreza , Mirzaei Habibollah
Published: February 2025

The signalling pathway of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) plays a crucial role in regulating various cellular processes such as cardiac hypertrophy, adipose differentiation, chondrocyte development, angiogenesis, inflammation, immune system activation, organogenesis, cancer cell migration, differentiation and survival. In addition, the NFAT signalling pathway acts as a key regulator of viral infections. Accordingly, it is plausible to assume that viruses have developed different mechanisms to manipulate this pathway to promote their pathogenicity. Viral pathogens can either inhibit or upregulate NFAT signalling through various mechanisms, including modulation of calcineurin activity, calcineurin/NFAT interaction, NFAT stability and translocation, NFAT‐DNA–binding activity and NFAT–transcription partner interaction. Therefore, the NFAT signalling pathway can be regarded as a promising target to control viral infections. This review discusses the dynamic interactions between the NFAT signalling pathway and viral pathogens. It also addresses several drugs and agents that can target the NFAT signalling pathway at different levels to control viral infections.
Multilanguage Detection of Design Pattern Instances
Authors: Andrade Hugo , Bispo João , Correia Filipe F.
Published: February 2025

Code comprehension is often supported by source code analysis tools that provide more abstract views over software systems, such as those detecting design patterns. These tools encompass analysis of source code and ensuing extraction of relevant information. However, the analysis of the source code is often specific to the target programming language. We propose DP‐LARA, a multilanguage pattern detection tool that uses the multilanguage capability of the LARA framework to support finding pattern instances in a code base. LARA provides a virtual AST, which is common to multiple OOP programming languages, and DP‐LARA then performs code analysis of detecting pattern instances on this abstract representation. We evaluate the detection performance and consistency of DP‐LARA with a few software projects. Results show that a multilanguage approach does not compromise detection performance, and DP‐LARA is consistent across the languages we tested it for (i.e., Java and C/C++). Moreover, by providing a virtual AST as the abstract representation, we believe to have decreased the effort of extending the tool to new programming languages and maintaining existing ones.
Photorechargeable Carbon Dot/Thermoresponsive Polymer Supercapacitor
Authors: Prishkolnik Noa , Shauloff Nitzan , Kanti Bhaumik Shubhra , Biswas Sudipta , Morag Ahiud , Jelinek Raz
Published: February 2025

Photorechargeable energy storage devices, including batteries and supercapacitors, have attracted considerable interest as vehicles for efficient harvesting of solar energy. While photovoltaic cell‐linked energy storage is widely utilized, reports on direct device photocharging have been rare. Herein, a photorechargeable supercapacitor in which a light‐sensitive dielectric medium comprises a thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM), stabilized with a dicationic crosslinker, anchoring hydrophilic carbon dots (C‐dots), is demonstrated. This design manifests significant photoinduced capacitance linked to the encapsulated C‐dots. Specifically, the photothermal properties of the embedded C‐dots give rise to a hydrophilic–hydrophobic phase transition of pNIPAM. Consequently, the C‐dots are released from the hydrophobic pNIPAM framework, thereby becoming the solvated mobile electrolytes, generating enhanced capacitance and partaking in the redox reactions at the electrode surface. This work demonstrates, for the first time, a role for C‐dots as photoactive electrolytes in photorechargeable supercapacitors, charting new avenues for solar charging of energy storage devices.
Dynamic Response Prediction of a Cantilever Beam Under Different Boundary Constraints and Excitation Conditions Based on an Improved Physics‐Informed Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Zhu Hao , Xu Wei
Published: February 2025

The cantilever beam structures, like wind turbine towers, space masts, solar wings, and high‐rise chimneys and buildings, are widely used engineering structures. It is crucial to fast and accurately predict their dynamic responses under complicated excitations. This paper establishes an improved physics‐informed neural network (PINN) called Fourier transformation‐PINN (FT‐PINN) for predicting the dynamic response of a cantilever beam subject to different boundary constraints and excitation conditions. The core idea of the FT‐PINN is to use the Latin hypercube sampling strategy for generating model training points and introduce multiple sets of control equations with different frequencies through Fourier expansion to achieve high solving accuracy and efficiency for partial differential equations. Two loss functions, including the mean square error and mean absolute error, are included in the FT‐PINN for comparison. Four test cases are designed to evaluate the performance of the FT‐PINN and classic PINN in solving dynamic equations of a cantilever beam structure with different boundary and excitation conditions. It is validated that the FT‐PINN model proposed in this paper has higher accuracy and efficiency than the classic PINN. This also provides a new approach for using PINN to handle local sharp gradients and complex high‐frequency problems in vibration equations.
Boundedness of the Fifth Derivative for the One-Particle Coulombic Density Matrix at the Diagonal
Authors: Hearnshaw Peter
Published: February 2025

Boundedness is demonstrated for the fifth derivative of the one-particle reduced density matrix for non-relativistic Coulombic wavefunctions in the vicinity of the diagonal. To prove this result, improved pointwise bounds are obtained for cluster derivatives of wavefunctions involving multiple clusters.
5-Dimensional Malcev-Like Algebras
Authors: Ficzere Kornélia , Figula Ágota
Published: February 2025

The five-dimensional anti-commutative algebras having an analogous family of flags of subalgebras as the solvable Malcev algebras form the class of Malcev-like algebras. Recently a classification of the binary Lie algebras in this class is achieved. Our investigation extends this result. We determine Malcev-like algebras over a field

$${\mathbb {K}}$$

K

of characteristic zero. These algebras are extensions of

$${\mathbb {K}}$$

K

by a 4-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra and simultaneously semidirect sums of the two-dimensional non-abelian Lie algebra and an abelian algebra. We find normal forms of their multiplications and describe their isomorphism classes.
Examining the impact of validated handover protocols on treatment outcomes in polytrauma patients: a systematic review
Authors: Steinfeld Eva , Dahms Karolina , Dormann Julia , Ansems Kelly , Janka Heidrun , Inti-Metzendorf Maria , Marx Gernot , Benstoem Carina , Breuer Thomas
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Effective patient handovers in healthcare settings are critical for ensuring patient safety and care quality. Handover tools have gained prominence as potential aids in improving these transitions. This systematic review seeks to answer the question if the use of validated handover protocols leads to better treatment outcomes in polytrauma patients compared to no use of validated handover protocols.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science to identify relevant studies from inception of each database to June 15, 2022. We intended to include systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials comparing the use of validated handover tools to no use of such tools in adult polytrauma patients.

Results

Despite the absence of systematic reviews and RCTs meeting our criteria, we included 26 initially excluded studies to glean insights into handover tool usage. This broader inclusion facilitated the identification of two categories of tools: standardized tools and customized tools. Among studies employing customized tools, positive outcomes were reported in various aspects, including enhanced information quality, improved staff communication, and reduced risks and treatment errors. In contrast, studies utilizing well-established standardized tools documented improvements in communication, documentation, and overall satisfaction among medical professionals, signaling a reduction in communication errors and lost information.

Conclusion

Heterogeneity of the studies and no trials meeting our eligibility criteria present challenges for conducting a traditional systematic review. In the lack of evidence from RCTs and systematic reviews, our analysis of the available studies sheds light on the complexities of assessing handover tools’ utility, especially in diverse clinical settings. It highlights the need for more standardized methodologies and further investigation into the effectiveness of custom-designed tools. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the role of handover tools in healthcare. While some studies suggest positive outcomes, further research is necessary to elucidate the design and implementation of these tools to enhance care and support healthcare professionals in their roles.
From pre-culture to solvent: current trends in Clostridium acetobutylicum cultivation
Authors: Oehlenschläger Katharina , Hengsbach Jan-Niklas , Volkmar Marianne , Ulber Roland
Published: February 2025

The biological production of butanol via ABE (acetone-butanol-ethanol) fermentation using Clostridium acetobutylicum has a storied history of over 100 years, initially driven by the demand for synthetic rubber during World War I and later for industrial applications. Despite its decline due to the rise of petrochemical alternatives, renewed interest has emerged due to the global shift towards sustainable energy sources and rising oil prices. This review highlights the challenges in the cultivation process of C. acetobutylicum, such as strain degeneration, solvent toxicity, and substrate costs, and presents recent advancements aimed at overcoming these issues. Detailed documentation of the entire cultivation process including cell conservation, pre-culture, and main culture is seen as a fundamental step to facilitate further progress in research. Key strategies to improve production efficiency were identified as controlling pH to facilitate the metabolic shift from acidogenesis to solventogenesis, employing in situ product removal techniques, and advancing metabolic engineering for improved solvent tolerance of C. acetobutylicum. Furthermore, the use of renewable resources, particularly lignocellulosic biomass, positions ABE fermentation as a viable solution for sustainable solvent production. By focusing on innovative research avenues, including co-cultivation and bioelectrochemical systems, the potential for C. acetobutylicum to contribute significantly to a bio-based economy can be realized.

Key points

• Historical significance and revival of ABE fermentation with Clostridium acetobutylicum

• Current challenges and innovative solutions in cultivating C. acetobutylicum

• New avenues for enhancing productivity and sustainability
Scroll Ligament Repair in Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty: A Cartilage as a Guide on Nasal Skin Envelope for Suturing
Authors: Tuluy Yavuz , Çelik Vasfi , Parspancı Aziz , Sır Emin
Published: February 2025

Background

The scroll ligament provides support to the internal and external valve, and its repair in rhinoplasty provides good functional and aesthetic results. In this study, it was aimed to repair the scroll ligament complex by leaving cartilage in the nasal skin envelope, and clinical results were shared.

Patients and Methods

216 patients who underwent closed preservation rhinoplasty with modified low septal strip septoplasty were included in the study. A 10 x 1 mm of cartilage is left in the nasal skin envelope at the midpoint of the cranial part of the lateral crus of the LLC, leaving it as a guide to repair the scroll ligament complex in the anatomically correct place. Demographic data, complications, revision surgeries, follow-up periods and satisfaction of the patients were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

Residual humps were observed in 2 patients. Inferior turbinate hypertrophy was observed in 4 patients. In 1 patient, total septal reconstruction was performed. Two hundred and three patients were evaluated the results as poor, moderate, good and very good. One hundred and sixteen patients rated the functional outcome as very good, 80 patients as good, 4 patients as moderate and 3 patients as poor. One hundred and twenty-eight patients rated the aesthetic result as very good, 72 as good and 3 as moderate.

Conclusion

Repairing the scroll ligament complex provides both internal and external valve support, better redraping and eliminating the dead space. Leaving cartilage on the nasal skin envelope as a guide helps to repair the scroll ligament complex in the anatomically correct place at the end of the surgery.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Dietary climate impact correlates ambiguously with health biomarkers– a randomised controlled trial in healthy Finnish adults
Authors: Saarinen Merja , Pellinen Tiina , Kostensalo Joel , Nousiainen Jouni , Joensuu Katri , Itkonen Suvi T. , Pajari Anne-Maria
Published: February 2025

Purpose

A transition to more plant-rich diets is an effective way to reduce the climate impact of a diet. Using a whole-diet approach, we studied how partial replacement of animal-sourced with plant-sourced proteins affected the dietary climate impact while simultaneously considering diet-related health biomarkers.

Methods

In a 12-week randomised controlled trial, 107 women and 29 men were assigned into three diet groups (ANIMAL, 50/50, PLANT) with animal-to-plant-protein ratios of 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70, respectively. Life-cycle-assessment-based coefficients for foods were used to assess the climate impact of the diet groups, based on four-day food records. Correlations between climate impact and biomarkers were assessed.

Results

The climate impact (CO2 eq.) for PLANT was 3.32 kg per day, 3.05 kg per 2,000 kcal, and 0.04 kg per gram of protein, for 50/50 4.34, 4.20, and 0.05 kg, and for ANIMAL 4.93, 4.94, and 0.06 kg, respectively (p < 0.05 for all except ANIMAL vs. 50/50 /g protein and /2,000 kcal). Climate impact correlated weakly positively with colorectal cancer risk markers and a positive status of bone turnover, but not with cardiometabolic risk markers. Animal-based iron intake and climate impact (per 2,000 kcal) had a strong positive correlation 0.70 C.I. [0.60, 0.77], while saturated fat (0.29 [0.13, 0.44]) and calcium (0.37, [0.22, 0.51]) intake had a weak positive correlation, and fibre intake (− 0.37, [− 0.51, − 0.21]) a weak negative correlation with climate impact.

Conclusion

Replacing animal-sourced proteins with plant-sourced proteins reduced the climate impact of the diet. The relationship between climate impact and biomarkers was more ambiguous indicated by both beneficial and harmful indicators within lower climate impacts.

Clinical trial registry

NCT03206827; registration date: 2017–06–30.
Numerical modeling of fluid displacement in Hele-Shaw cells: a gap-averaged approach for power-law and Newtonian fluids
Authors: Zhang Yao , Giljarhus Knut Erik Teigen , Skadsem Hans Joakim , Barrouillet Benjamin
Published: February 2025

This work presents a physics-based two-dimensional model for simulating displacement flows of power-law fluids in Hele-Shaw cells. The model is derived by approximating fully developed velocity profiles across the gap-wise direction and averaging the mass and momentum conservation equations, resulting in a two-dimensional formulation that efficiently captures complex fluid dynamics. Implemented in OpenFOAM, this approach achieves computational speeds over 200 times faster than comparable 3D simulations, while preserving the accuracy of displacement dynamics. Validated against 3D DNS results and experimental data, this 2D model accurately replicates observed flow phenomena. Simulations of over 70 cases examined the effect of the ratio of friction pressure gradients (RFG) between fluid pairs on interface stability. Results show that RFGs below unity maintain a flat interface, while higher values induce viscous fingering. In cases with RFG closer to unity, a longer duct or extended displacement time is required for significant finger growth.
The SAPIENS 3D-printed temporal bone model: a real tool for advanced otologic surgery education
Authors: Iannella Giannicola , Pace Annalisa , Greco Antonio , De Virgilio Armando , Bellizzi Mario Giuseppe , Croce Enrica , Lechien Jerome R. , Maniaci Antonino , Cocuzza Salvatore , Gioacchini Federico , Re Massimo , Collettini Andrea , Gatti Lodovica , Perrone Tiziano , Simon François , Gargula Stéphane , Magliulo Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

Objective

Our study focused on the development and evaluation of the SAPIENS (Specific Anatomical Printed-3D-model In Education and New Surgical Simulations) as a valid tool for otologic surgical education.

Methods

Twenty junior otolaryngologist surgeons in training were enrolled in the study. Each participant was invited to perform dissection of three different temporal bones. 1)Transparent 3-D printed model; 2)Opaque 3-D model; 3)fresh frozen human temporal bone. Following their drilling experience, participants answered to two specific questionnaires. The first was a questionnaire developed by Mowry et al. to evaluate 3D models in its general characteristics of anatomy and dissection, while the second one was a questionnaire specifically designed to compare the 3-D printed models with the human fresh frozen temporal bone.

Results

The average total score of the questionnaire was calculated as 53.2/61 in transparent 3-D model and 55.4/61 in the opaque 3-D model. These values indicate that the 3D printed models closely resemble the human TB in terms of anatomy and dissection. Comparisons of the 3D model and human TB were rated as very similar in all surgical steps. The total score was 4/5 in the transparent 3-D model and 4.2/5 in the opaque 3-D model.

Conclusion

We have designed and developed a 3D-printed model of the temporal bone that closely resembles the human temporal bone. The SAPIENS 3-D printed temporal bone model could be considered a valuable tool for advancing oto-surgical education due to its similarity to the human temporal bone in terms of anatomy and dissection.
Optimizing the placement of distributed energy storage and improving distribution power system reliability via genetic algorithms and strategic load curtailment
Authors: Islam Anfaj , Rudra Souman , Kolhe Mohan Lal
Published: February 2025

As the integration of distributed generation (DG) and smart grid technologies grows, the need for enhanced reliability and efficiency in power systems becomes increasingly paramount. Energy storage systems (ESS) play a crucial role in achieving these objectives, particularly in enabling effective islanding operations during emergencies. This research leverages genetic algorithms to identify optimal combinations of ESS units and strategic load curtailment techniques to mitigate potential contingencies. The results demonstrate that integrating ESS significantly improves network reliability, optimizes infrastructure utilization, and is particularly beneficial in regions with high commercial and industrial load percentages. Moreover, the study underscores the critical role of load shedding in balancing reliability improvements and the sizing of DG units, offering valuable insights for future energy management approaches. By employing binary load curtailment strategies, the research determines the optimal location and size of ESS and DG units within the distribution network. The analysis reveals that ESS integration leads to a reduction in net annual costs while providing valuable insights into network reliability through the assessment of expected energy not supplied. Two case studies comparing various storage technologies with a base case without ESS highlight the cost-effectiveness of enhancing system reliability through distributed storage allocation. The study also emphasizes the significance of load shedding in balancing reliability enhancement and DG sizing, examining the effects of DG placement across different network buses. Finally, this article investigates the impact of diverse load mixes, indicating the need for larger ESS units as the proportion of commercial and industrial loads increases, accompanied by rising costs. Through these comprehensive analyses, the study offers valuable insights into optimizing the placement of distributed storage units and improving the reliability of distribution systems.