bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diels-Aider Type Natural Products - Structures and Biosynthesis
Authors: lchihara Akitami , Oikawa Hideaki
Published: February 2022

There are a number of natural products which have the structure evolving from the biological Diels-Aider reaction in their biosynthesis. The Diels-Aider type natural products have been found in various sources - microorganisms, plants and marine animals - and, structurally, these adducts
belong to polyketides, isoprenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids and mixedbiogeneJic products. However, to date,·there has been no report on the experimental data of the presence of the biological Diels-Aider reaction or the catalyzing enzymes though considerable studies along these lines have been made.

In this article the structure and biosynthesis (mainly biogenesis) of Diels-Aider type natural products arbitrarily selected by structural types are described. Major emphasis is placed on biosynthetic studies of natural products in the substrate and enzyme levels, since the first Dials­ Alder enzyme has been found in solanapyrone biosynthesis. Biosynthetic studies of Diels-Aider adducts provide not only further insight into the mechanism of such reaction, but also valuable information for the creation of artificial enzymes such as a catalytic antibody, which will be of great synthetic importance in the future.
Cancer Chemopreventive Agents Discovered by Activity-Guided Fractionation: A Review
Authors: Kinghorn A.D. , Fong H.H.S. , Farnsworth N.R. , Mehta R.G. , Moon R.C. , Moriarty R.M. , Pezzuto J.M.
Published: February 2022

We currently describe a programmatic effort to discover novel natural product cancer chemopreventive agents, i.e., agents capable of preventing, inhibiting or reversing the process of carcinogenesis. Employing a panel of bioassays reflective of modulating carcinogenesis at the stages of initiation, promotion or progression, and a mouse mammary organ culture model as a secondary discriminator, promising plant extracts are identified and subjected to activity guided fractionation schemes. This report lists 70 active compounds obtained from 22 plants, 14 of which are structurally novel. The isolates represent 16 major plant secondary metabolite compound classes, comprising alkaloids, aryl polysulfides, a benzenoid, diterpenoids, flavonoids, furocoumarins, lignans, a monoterpenoid, rotenoids, quinones, simaroubolides, stilbenoids, a sterol glycoside, triterpenoids, withanolides, and a xanthone. These compounds mediate a variety of biological effects that are consistent with cancer chemoprevention and thus far deguelin and resveratrol have been found active in full-term tumor inhibition studies with laboratory animals. Several other isolates are being produced on larger scales to permit animal testing, and some semi-synthetic leads (based on natural product isolates) have demonstrated promising activities. The program is ongoing, focusing to a greater extent on dietary materials, with the long-term objective of providing nontoxic substances useful for the prevention of cancer in humans.
Application of Olefin Metathesis to Organic Synthesis
Authors: Wright Dennis L.
Published: February 2022

The design and execution of complex molecule synthesis centers upon those reactions that are truly versatile and reliable, especially those that form carbon-carbon bonds. For many decades, alkene metathesis reactions have found great application in polymer synthesis, but it has only been recently that this reaction is finding a place in the arsenal of the synthetic chemist. This new role for the olefin metathesis reaction is directly related to the recent development of stable, well-defined catalysts for this reaction. Ruthenium and molybdenum catalysts, among others, are finding wide spread use in organic synthesis. These catalysts are able to promote the exchange of two independent alkenes and result in the formation of a new olefin. The most common use for this reaction involves an intermolecular variation whereby a tethered diene is metathesized to form a cycloalkene. This ring-closing metathesis (RCM) process has been shown to be remarkably versatile and is tolerant to a wide range of accompanying functionality. RCM reactions are now widely used for the preparation of carbocyclic, azacyclic, and oxacyclic systems. This review focuses on the versatility offered by these well-defined catalyst systems and focuses on their use in the synthesis of natural and non-natural products.
Marine	Opisthobranch	Molluscs:	Chemistry	and	Ecology	in Sacoglossans and Dorids
Authors: Cimino Guido , Fontana Angelo , Gavagnin Margherita
Published: February 2022

Opisthobranchs are marine molluscs apparently unprotected by physical constraints of a shell which is either reduced or completely absent in the adults. Their survival is based on a series of defensive strategies, which involve cryptic behaviour and use of deterrents. During the last twenty years, many studies have been performed to characterize the chemicals isolable
from these animals. In this paper we summarize the studies covering two large groups of
opistobranch molluscs: sacoglossans and dorids. The main aim is to give to the readers a brief view of the compounds isolated from these molluscs, and, when it is possible, to suggest an ecological role for them. The Order Sacoglossa has been selected as it contains a wide range of morphological types from primitive species with a relatively strong external shell to shell-less types. The chemical studies of these molluscs have been reviewed with the aim of constructing a general scenario based on chemical evidence. Similar reasons prompted us to review the chemical data of the shell-less dorid nudibranchs belonging to the superfamilies Eudoridoidea and Bathydoridoidea. In this case, the review dates from the literature subsequent to Karuso's
1987 review "Chemical Ecology of Nudibranchs". The selection of the two groups, sacoglossans and dorids, is also due to their different, but exclusive feeding habits, green algae for sacoglossans and sponges for dorids. The critical analysis of all these studies illuminates the extraordinary capability of opisthobranch molluscs to create new chemistry through either bio­ accumulation of selected metabolites from their dietary sources, bio-transformation of dietary compounds, or de novo bio-synthesis of useful chemicals. However, it is difficult to determine the boundaries of these investigations. In fact, their ecological contributions are relevant and applications useful for man are foreseable.
Computational Ligand Design
Authors: Apostolakist J. , Caflisch A.
Published: February 2022

A variety of computational tools that are used to assist drug design are reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to the limitations and merits of different methodologies. Recently, a number of general methods have been proposed for clustering compounds in classes of drug­ like and non-drug-like molecules. The usefulness of this classification for drug design is discussed. The estimation of (relative) binding affinities is from a theoretical point of view the most challenging part of ligand design. We review three methods for the estimation of binding energies. Firstly, quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) are presented. These have gained significantly from recent developments of experimental techniques for combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput screening as well as the use of powerful computational procedures like genetic algorithms and neural networks for the derivation of models. Secondly, empirical energy functions are shown to lead to more general models than standard QSAR, since they are fitted to a variety of complexes. They have been used recently with considerable success. Thirdly, we briefly outline free energy calculations based on molecular dynamics simulations, the method with the most sound theoretical foundation. Recent developments are reestablishing the interest in this approach. In the last part of this review structure-based ligand design programs are described. These are closely related to docking, with the difference that in design, unlike in most docking procedures, ligands are built on a fragment-by-fragment basis. Finally, a short description of our approach to computational combinatorial ligand design is given.
Energetic Dissection of Specificity in Serine Proteases
Authors: Vindigni Alessandro
Published: February 2022

Serine proteases of the chymotrypsin family share a similar fold and architecture, but they differ widely in specificity. The molecular origin of
this difference remains for the most part elusive. A detailed understanding of the molecular origin of their specificity is of fundamental importance for structure-function and evolutionary studies. Current approaches put much emphasis on single site substitutions of ligand sequences or protein residues and neglect second- and higher-order coupling among residues leading to an incomplete and often misleading assessment of the underlying energetics. Information on how recognition sites interact is key to unveil structure-function links and to enable the development of more effective drugs for therapeutic purposes. A novel strategy has been recently developed for dissecting enzyme specificity using the principles of site-specific thermodynamics and is applied in the present work to thrombin, trypsin, tissue plasminogen activator. The results provide a much needed data base of information for computational studies of protease specificity and protein-ligand interaction. They suggest precise guidelines for the design of novel active-site inhibitors. Basic differences are also identified between thrombin, tPA, plasmin and trypsin in the energetic contribution of the specificity sites and the coupling between them.
Inventory Management and Reagent Supply for Automated Chemistry
Authors: Kuzniar Ed
Published: February 2022

Developments in automated chemistry have kept pace with developments in HTS such that hundreds of thousands of new compounds can be rapidly synthesized in the belief that the greater the number and diversity of compounds that can be screened, the more successful HTS will be. The increasing use of automation for Multiple Parallel Synthesis (MPS) and the move to automated combinatorial library production is placing an overwhelming burden on the management of reagents. Although automation has improved the efficiency of the processes involved in compound synthesis, the bottleneck has shifted to ordering, collating and preparing reagents for automated chemistry resulting in loss of time, materials and momentum.
Major efficiencies have already been made in the area of compound management for high throughput screening. Most of these efficiencies have been achieved with sophisticated library management systems using advanced engineering and data handling for the storage, tracking and retrieval of millions of compounds. The Automation Partnership has already provided many of the top pharmaceutical companies with modular automated storage, preparation and retrieval systems to manage compound libraries for high throughput screening. This article describes how these systems may be implemented to solve the specific problems of inventory management and reagent supply for automated chemistry.
Efficient Computational Algorithms for Docking and for Generating and Matching a Library of Functional Epitopes I. Rigid and Flexible Hinge-Bending Docking Algorithms
Authors: Nussinov Ruth , Wolfson Haim J.
Published: February 2022

In this, and the next review article (1), we present highly efficient, computer-vision and robotics based algorithms for docking and for the generation and matching of epitopes on molecular surfaces. We start with descriptions of molecular surfaces, and proceed to utilize these in both rigid-body and flexible matching routines. These algorithms originate in the computer vision and robotics disciplines. Frequently used approaches, both in searches for molecular similarity and for docking, i.e., molecular complementarity, strive to obtain highly accurate correspondence of respective molecular surfaces. However, owing to molecular surface variability in solution, to mutational events, and to the need to use modeled structures in addition to high resolution ones, utilization of epitopes might prove to be a judicious approach to follow. Furthermore, through the deployment of libraries of epitopes which represent recurring features, or motifs in a given family of receptors or of enzymes, in principle we a priori focus on the more critical groups of atoms, or amino acids, essential for the binding of the two molecules. Utilization of recurring motifs may prove more robust than single molecule matchings. In addition, via utilization of epitopes one can make use of information derived from evolutionary related molecules. All of the above combine to represent an approach which may be highly advantageous. Combinatorial approaches have proven their immense utility in the wet laboratory. The combination of efficient computational approaches and the utilization of such libraries may well be particularly profitable. Our highly efficient techniques are amenable to such a task. In this review we focus on rigid and flexible docking algorithms. In the second review (1) we address the generation of epitopes in families of molecules. These may be used by the docking algorithms to identify the more likely bound interfaces.
Parallel Solution Synthesis of a ..Carbohybrid.. Library Designed to Inhibit Galactose-Binding Proteins
Authors: Nilsson U.J. , Fournier E.J.-L. , Fryz E.J. , Hindsgaul O.
Published: February 2022

Parallel solution S-alkylations of a 1-thio--D-galactopyranoside derivative with Michael acceptors and a.-chloroketones, followed by ketone reductions, reductive aminations, and acylations were developed to yield a library of 1-thio--D-galactopyranosides carrying small and diverse polar-neutral, hydrophobic, aromatic, cationic, or anionic non-carbohydrate aglycon structures. Screening of the library against a panel of galactose recognizing plant lectins revealed J.!M inhibitors of toxin A of A. precatorius superior to the reference ligands lactose and N-acetyllactosamine. Such small, monosaccharide based inhibitors are attractive lead-molecules for therapeutic development, since they are low-molecular, hydrolytically stable and more hydrophobic than natural oligosaccharides.
Simultaneous Method Development and Validation of Anastrozole Along with Piperine:
Degradation Studies and Degradants Characterization Using LC-QTOF-ESI-MS
Along with In-silico ADMET Predictions
Authors: Susanna K. Jony , Gajbhiye Rahul , Sarmah Bhaskar , Pawar Sachin Dattram , Mehta Pakhuri , Murty Upadhyayula Suryanarayana , Ravichandiran V. , Alexander Amit , Kumar Pramod
Published: February 2022

Background::

Anastrozole (ATZ) is a selective non-steroidal inhibitor widely used for the treatment of
breast cancer in post-menopausal women. ATZ exerts its biological activity by inhibiting the enzyme aromatase,
which is responsible for converting androgens to estrogens. Piperine (PIP), a natural alkaloid and the main component
of black pepper, is used as a bioenhancer and for combating a variety of health issues ranging from upset stomach
to dental problems.

Introduction:

ATZ has been reported to have poor water solubility and less bioavailability. The novel combination
of ATZ and PIP was proposed to enhance the bioavailability of both the compounds. However, there are no reported
studies on the simultaneous estimation of ATZ and PIP as well as stability studies to explore their potential interactions
and degradation profiling.

Method:

A simple, accurate, precise, robust, sensitive, reliable, and economic analytical method for the simultaneous
estimation of ATZ and PIP was developed using acetonitrile and water (60:40) as the mobile phase. Forced degradation
studies and characterization of degradants were performed, and degradants were identified for molecular weight
using LC-QTOF-ESI-MS; the structures of degradants were confirmed with mass accuracy measurements. The
mechanism of each degradant has also been described in more detail in the manuscript.

Result:

A total of fourteen degradants were characterized. ATZ and PIP have shown synergistic anticancer effects in the 4T1 cell line and shown superior Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution with good oral absorption and high bioavailability.

Results and Conclusion:

A total of fourteen degradants were characterized and reported for their good human oral
absorption. A precise, robust, accurate, cheap, and sensitive RP-HPLC-DAD simultaneous method for the estimation
of ATZ and PIP has been developed. From the future point of view, there is huge scope to conduct pharmacological,
pharmacodynamic, and drug-herb interaction studies based on this fruitful outcome. All the degradants may be
screened against MDR-resistant breast cancer in the future to check their potential as a drug target.
Axilary Block Ultrasound Guiding in Patient with Pseudoaneurysm Regio Brachii Sinistra pro Repair Pseudoaneurysm
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital, Surakarta Indonesia, Purnomo Heri Dwi , Kasmantino Emmanuel Nera Kurnia ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital, Surakarta Indonesia
Published: February 2022

Background: An aneurysm may be a true aneurysm or a pseudoaneurysm. Pseudoaneurysm is defined as a defect in the arterial wall, making a connection between the lumen and the extraluminal space. The main etiology of brachial artery pseudoaneurysm is incidental arterial puncture during venous cannulation for hemodialysis. Case:: Anesthetic management was performed on a female patient 56 years old, body weight 45 kg, height 150 cm. The patient had other comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal kidney with a diagnosis of left brachial pseudoanuerysm. Pro Pseudoanurysm repair surgery. The anesthetic technique uses axillary peripheral nerve block with ultrasound guiding. The duration of surgery is ± 120 minutes. After the operation, the patient was treated in the hospital ward. Conclusion: Choosing the most appropriate anesthetic technique for patients with renal impairment is necessary to maintain normovolemia and normotension in order to avoid unexpected complications. Using regional anesthetic technique for sympathetic nerve block may be favorable in these patients. With ultrasound guiding, the incidence of failure is lower, the time required is shorter, the latency is shorter, the blockade is longer, and the risk of accidental vascular puncture is lower so that vascular lesions are less likely.
Habit and Automaticity in Medical Alert Override: Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Le , Goh Kim Huat , Yeow Adrian , Poh Hermione , Li Ke , Yeow Joannas Jie Lin , Tan Gamaliel , Soh Christina
Published: February 2022

Background

Prior literature suggests that alert dismissal could be linked to physicians’ habits and automaticity. The evidence for this perspective has been mainly observational data. This study uses log data from an electronic medical records system to empirically validate this perspective.

Objective

We seek to quantify the association between habit and alert dismissal in physicians.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis using the log data comprising 66,049 alerts generated from hospitalized patients in a hospital from March 2017 to December 2018. We analyzed 1152 physicians exposed to a specific clinical support alert triggered in a hospital’s electronic medical record system to estimate the extent to which the physicians’ habit strength, which had been developed from habitual learning, impacted their propensity toward alert dismissal. We further examined the association between a physician’s habit strength and their subsequent incidences of alert dismissal. Additionally, we recorded the time taken by the physician to respond to the alert and collected data on other clinical and environmental factors related to the alerts as covariates for the analysis.

Results

We found that a physician’s prior dismissal of alerts leads to their increased habit strength to dismiss alerts. Furthermore, a physician’s habit strength to dismiss alerts was found to be positively associated with incidences of subsequent alert dismissals after their initial alert dismissal. Alert dismissal due to habitual learning was also found to be pervasive across all physician ranks, from junior interns to senior attending specialists. Further, the dismissal of alerts had been observed to typically occur after a very short processing time. Our study found that 72.5% of alerts were dismissed in under 3 seconds after the alert appeared, and 13.2% of all alerts were dismissed in under 1 second after the alert appeared. We found empirical support that habitual dismissal is one of the key factors associated with alert dismissal. We also found that habitual dismissal of alerts is self-reinforcing, which suggests significant challenges in disrupting or changing alert dismissal habits once they are formed.

Conclusions

Habitual tendencies are associated with the dismissal of alerts. This relationship is pervasive across all levels of physician rank and experience, and the effect is self-reinforcing.
Usability of Wearable Multiparameter Technology to Continuously Monitor Free-Living Vital Signs in People Living With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Hawthorne Grace , Greening Neil , Esliger Dale , Briggs-Price Samuel , Richardson Matthew , Chaplin Emma , Clinch Lisa , Steiner Michael C , Singh Sally J , Orme Mark W
Published: February 2022

Background

Vital signs monitoring (VSM) is routine for inpatients, but monitoring during free-living conditions is largely untested in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Objective

This study investigated the usability and acceptability of continuous VSM for people with COPD using wearable multiparameter technology.

Methods

In total, 50 people following hospitalization for an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) and 50 people with stable COPD symptoms were asked to wear an Equivital LifeMonitor during waking hours for 6 weeks (42 days). The device recorded heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), skin temperature, and physical activity. Adherence was defined by the number of days the vest was worn and daily wear time. Signal quality was examined, with thresholds of ≥85% for HR and ≥80% for RR, based on the device’s proprietary confidence algorithm. Data quality was calculated as the percentage of wear time with acceptable signal quality. Participant feedback was assessed during follow-up phone calls.

Results

In total, 84% of participants provided data, with average daily wear time of 11.8 (SD 2.2) hours for 32 (SD 11) days (average of study duration 76%, SD 26%). There was greater adherence in the stable group than in the post-AECOPD group (≥5 weeks wear: 71.4% vs 45.7%; P=.02). For all 84 participants, the median HR signal quality was 90% (IQR 80%-94%) and the median RR signal quality was 93% (IQR 92%-95%). The median HR data quality was 81% (IQR 58%-91%), and the median RR data quality was 85% (IQR 77%-91%). Stable group BMI was associated with HR signal quality (rs=0.45, P=.008) and HR data quality (rs=0.44, P=.008). For the AECOPD group, RR data quality was associated with waist circumference and BMI (rs=–0.49, P=.009; rs=–0.44, P=.02). In total, 36 (74%) participants in the Stable group and 21 (60%) participants in the AECOPD group accepted the technology, but 10 participants (12%) expressed concerns with wearing a device around their chest.

Conclusions

This wearable multiparametric technology showed good user acceptance and was able to measure vital signs in a COPD population. Data quality was generally high but was influenced by body composition. Overall, it was feasible to continuously measure vital signs during free-living conditions in people with COPD symptoms but with additional challenges in the post-AECOPD context.
Online Health Information Seeking Behaviors Among Older Adults: Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Zhao Yuxiang Chris , Zhao Mengyuan , Song Shijie
Published: February 2022

Background

With the world’s population aging, more health-conscious older adults are seeking health information to make better-informed health decisions. The rapid growth of the internet has empowered older adults to access web-based health information sources. However, research explicitly exploring older adults’ online health information seeking (OHIS) behavior is still underway.

Objective

This systematic scoping review aims to understand older adults’ OHIS and answer four research questions: (1) What types of health information do older adults seek and where do they seek health information on the internet? (2) What are the factors that influence older adults’ OHIS? (3) What are the barriers to older adults’ OHIS? (4) How can we intervene and support older adults’ OHIS?

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed in November 2020, involving the following academic databases: Web of Science; Cochrane Library database; PubMed; MEDLINE; CINAHL Plus; APA PsycINFO; Library and Information Science Source; Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts; Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection; Communication & Mass Media Complete; ABI/INFORM; and ACM Digital Library. The initial search identified 8047 publications through database search strategies. After the removal of duplicates, a data set consisting of 5949 publications was obtained for screening. Among these, 75 articles met the inclusion criteria. Qualitative content analysis was performed to identify themes related to the research questions.

Results

The results suggest that older adults seek 10 types of health information from 6 types of internet-based information sources and that 2 main categories of influencing factors, individual-related and source-related, impact older adults’ OHIS. Moreover, the results reveal that in their OHIS, older adults confront 3 types of barriers, namely individual, social, and those related to information and communication technologies. Some intervention programs based on educational training workshops have been created to intervene and support older adults’ OHIS.

Conclusions

Although OHIS has become increasingly common among older adults, the review reveals that older adults’ OHIS behavior is not adequately investigated. The findings suggest that more studies are needed to understand older adults’ OHIS behaviors and better support their medical and health decisions in OHIS. Based on the results, the review proposes multiple objectives for future studies, including (1) more investigations on the OHIS behavior of older adults above 85 years; (2) conducting more longitudinal, action research, and mixed methods studies; (3) elaboration of the mobile context and cross-platform scenario of older adults’ OHIS; (4) facilitating older adults’ OHIS by explicating technology affordance; and (5) promoting and measuring the performance of OHIS interventions for older adults.
Towards an Alternative Canon: Demystifying the Academia’s War against Popular Literature
Authors: Das Raj
Published: February 2022

Popular literature has always had a chequered relationship with the academia. On one hand, readers across all spectrums have enjoyed and admired the formidable works of ‘highbrow’ fiction. Yet, all along, there has always been an urge to read lighter works which are all too often given the pejorative sobriquet of ‘lowbrow’ books. The academia thrives on creating canons, that sanctum sanctorum of texts and works of literature whose greatness and legacy remain intact and can never be called into question. This is cleverly done through the creation of the academic syllabus, a process that sifts the highbrow from the lowbrow. Recently however, texts which had hitherto been marginalised and relegated to the periphery are slowly making their way into the centre (canon). Such fictions are continually compelling the academia to reassess their criterion of greatness. This paper aims to defend popular literature and to ascertain why it is important to assimilate such works into the mainstream.
A Numerical Study on the Influences of Non-Pneumatic Tyre Shape on the Wheel Aerodynamics
Authors: Soliman M. Z.
Published: February 2022

Abstract: In the present work, the aerodynamic characteristics of two different tyre shapes, Slick Tyre (ST) and Non-Pneumatic Tyre (NPT), fitted to a rotating wheel, has been investigated using a CFD approach. The ST wheel has been primarily utilized to examine the adopted numerical model's validity. The ST wheel pressure coefficient (Cp) profile at its central plane (XY) has directly compared with the robust experimental data experienced from the literature. Further assessments on the computationally obtained outcomes such as drag coefficient, separation and stagnation angular locations are performed. Both wheel cases are compared concerning their aerodynamic coefficients and the flow characteristics around the wheel. Besides, for the NPT wheel case, a shape-optimization study changes the wheel side profile's spokes angle (α) is conducted. The dynamic action of wheel rotation is modelled using the Moving Reference Frame (MRF) technique, and the RNG k- ࢿ is utilized as the adopted turbulence model for Averaged Reynolds Navier Stokes equations (RANS). All cases run at 30 m/s upstream velocity to be within the fully developed flow regime (supercritical regime). That is equivalent to 6.8 ×105 Reynolds number based on the wheel diameter as the characteristic length. In general, the overall obtained results give a satisfactory agreement to those measured experimentally. In conclusion, The NPT wheel, compared to the ST wheel, has a dramatic increase in drag force by approximately 31%, while a slightly raised lift force is obtained. The minimized spoke angle came with a beneficial drag reduction, while the applied resistive moment remained relatively high. Keywords: automotive aerodynamics; wheel aerodynamics, tyre CFD; rotating wheel dynamics; MRF wheel simulation; airless tyre aerodynamics, non-pneumatic tyre aerodynamics.
Need for Upgradation of Technologies in Water Supply Projects in India
Authors: Sarma Dr. Jyotirmoy
Published: February 2022

Abstract: India, water supply services in urban and rural areas in India are provided mainly by public authorities. These authorities are mostly involved in operation and maintenance of the water supply schemes. When any additional fund becomes available, expansion of pipe network, additional house connections and repair works are taken up. But, there is an urgent need for upgradation of technologies in the water supply schemes. At present, there is not much effort for upgradation of technologies for treatment of water, measurement and control of system, increase in efficiency of pumping stations and water distribution network, etc. The author highlights some of the feasible technologies, which may be evaluated and adopted by water authorities. For technology upgradation, enormous works are needed in India, which in turn will necessitate research and generate employment and business opportunities to Industries. Keywords: Upgradation of Technology, Water Treatment, Water Quality Assessment, Smart Water Meters, Water Quality Sensor, Smart Water Grid.
Spiritualitas di tempat kerja dan keterikatan karyawan
Authors: Shohib Muhammad , Hadi Cholichul.
Published: February 2022

Keterikatan karyawan terhadap organisasi menjadi perhatian besar dari praktisi sumber daya manusia. Hal ini dikarenakan keterikatan karyawan telah terbukti memberikan dampak positif terhadap perkembangan perusahaan, kondisi psiklogis karyawan dan kinerja perusahaan. Spiritualitas di tempat kerja menjadi salah satu aspek internal dalam diri karyawan yang memengaruhi kinerja perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh spiritualitas di tempat kerja terhadap keterikatan karyawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif korelasional dengan menggunakan sampel penelitian sebanyak 191 karyawan. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan skala spiritualitas di tempat kerja yang dikembangkan oleh Ashmos & Duchon (2000) dan skala keterikatan karyawan yang dikembangkan oleh UWES (Ultrech Work Engagement Scale) dengan regresi linear sebagai analisa data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan spiritualitas di tempat kerja terhadap keterikatan karyawan (F = 189,431; sig = 0,000). Variabel spiritualitas memberikan kontribusi sebesar 50,1% terhadap variabel keterikatan karyawan.
Conditions for the formation of ice dams on pitched roofs of buildings with cold attics
Authors: Gorshkov Rostislav A. , Voilokov Ilya A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The article describes the mechanism of ice formation on the roofs of buildings with pitched roofs and cold attics.

Materials and methods. The authors developed a model and a heat balance equation for an unheated attic room and proposed a set of measures to normalize the temperature and humidity modes in unheated attics.

Results. The study demonstrates dependences between the air temperature in the attic and the outdoor air temperature before and after the implementation of the proposed set of measures designated to normalize the temperature and humidity modes. The findings suggest that after the insulation of (1) enclosing structures separating a cold attic from heated rooms, (2) the walls of ventilation ducts, crossing the attic space and (3) the pipelines of the down-feed heating system, the outdoor temperature range is significantly reduced, which reduces the likelihood of roof icing.

Conclusions. In addition, the implementation of the proposed set of engineering and technological measures allows not only increasing the thermal insulation of enclosing structures and pipelines of a heating system, but also reduces thermal energy losses in transmission and the consumption of thermal energy in a building during a cold season, improves the indoor climate parameters on the upper floors of a building, reduces the risks of damage to the roofing during mechanical snow removal, thereby increasing the maintenance period of structural and enclosing elements of the roof.
What Does the Livable City Sound Like? Analyzing Public Communication in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Droumeva Milena , Copeland Stacey , Ashleigh Brett
Published: February 2022

Background: Livability has suffered from lack of engagement with the sensory aspects of urban life.

Analysis: This article offers a content and discourse analysis of the keywords sound, noise, and livability found in two types of public communication streams in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: local news media and public city planning documents.

Conclusion and implications: The analysis finds a critical missing link between neoliberal discourses on “livability” and considerations of sound and noise as important aspects of the urban experience. We suggest ways in which public discourses shape this gap, and how public communication on sound can inform richer considerations of urban livability.
Political Cartoon Representations of Freedom of Information in Canada
Authors: Walby Kevin , Panag Sanjam
Published: February 2022

Background: This article examines political cartoon depictions of access to information and freedom of information appearing in Canadian newspapers published between 2005 and 2019.

Analysis: It focuses on three dimensions of these cartoons. First, many of these cartoons mirror the categories of political cartoons devised by Ray Morris. Second, several spatial metaphors regarding blockages, walls, and locked doors are used to represent government information control. Third, many of the cartoons suggest secrecy is germane to government across Canada and that transparency and secrecy are imbricated.

Conclusion and implications: The implication of the findings for literatures on freedom of information, transparency, and political cartoons is assessed.
Making Community Knowledge Visible: Mapping Canadian Arts-Service Organizations as Cultural Research Conduits
Authors: Campbell Miranda , Evans Calla , Wowk Lucy
Published: February 2022

Background: Arts-service organizations (ASOs) are member-directed representative professional bodies, meant to serve the interests of their members as well as their artistic discipline and the public. Despite this broad, mixed role, there is a dearth of academic research about ASOs and the role they play in Canada’s cultural ecosystem.

Analysis: Working in partnership with cultural research organization Mass Culture, the Arts-Service Organizations as Cultural Research Conduits research project sought to develop more knowledge about this sector.

Conclusion and implications: Using a cultural mapping methodology, quantitative and qualitative data were collected about the scale, scope, and role of the sector, particularly with regard to research conducted internally and externally by the ASO sector.
Um olhar Sociofuncionalista no estudo da estratificação/variação das orações completivas e parentéticas (A Sociofunctionalist look at the study of stratification/variation of completive and parenthetical clauses)
Authors: Amorim Vânia Raquel Santos , Sousa Valéria Viana
Published: February 2022

Neste trabalho, temos o objetivo de investigar a variação do subjuntivo em orações parentéticas iniciadas pelo que e em orações completivas introduzidas pelo complementizador que, ancorado na abordagem Sociofuncionalista. A amostra foi extraída de 24 informantes do Corpus Popular de Vitória da Conquista (Corpus PPVC). No estudo quantitativo, referente aos fatores linguísticos, o grupo de fatores tipo de oração indicou maiores índices do subjuntivo em orações completivas.  Também, o subjuntivo foi favorecido através do valor semântico do verbo da oração matriz e pela estrutura da assertividade da oração. Concernente aos fatores extralinguísticos, os dados revelam que a variante padrão concentra-se no sexo feminino e naqueles informantes que foram inseridos no ensino sistematizado/formal.  Em termos gerais, o resultado desta pesquisa, do ponto de vista sociolinguístico, sinaliza uma variação estável e, do ponto de vista funcionalista, indica um processo de Gramaticalização.
Gramaticalização da construção porque de no português de Valença-BA: domínio da relação causal e posição do sintagma preposicionado (Grammaticalization of the construction porque de in the Portuguese of Valença-BA: domain of the causal relationship and position of the prepositional phrase)
Authors: Oliveira Josane Moreira de , Da Silva Santos Paulo Henrique
Published: February 2022

Este artigo apresenta alguns resultados da pesquisa que objetivou descrever o conector porque de, considerado uma construção que, ao emergir por gramaticalização, mobiliza uma junção causal entre sintagmas das sentenças. Apesar de o uso dessa construção parecer espraiado, não havia estudos sobre esse conector, o que conduziu à hipótese de que se trata de uma construção resultante de um processo recente de gramaticalização. O quadro teórico é o do Sociofuncionalismo, conjugando o Funcionalismo linguístico norte-americano e a Sociolinguística. A partir da análise quantitativa dos dados, e considerando os pressupostos e os mecanismos responsáveis por acionar a gramaticalização, constatou-se que, por analogia à forma mais prototípica por causa de e seus correlatos (por conta de, por razão de etc.), os falantes de Valença-BA estão atribuindo um novo uso para o conector porque, que, ao se integrar à preposição de, passa a compor um sintagma preposicionado com base em um padrão construcional type para conector de causalidade.
As estratégias acusativas de 2ª pessoa em cartas amorosas do sertão de Pernambuco: um estudo pela via da Sociolinguística Histórica (The accusative strategies of 2nd person in romantic personal letters from the Pernambuco: a study through the Historical Sociolinguistics)
Authors: Ataíde Cleber Alves de , Da Silva Antônia Caroline Alves , Gomes Valéria Severina
Published: February 2022

Este artigo insere-se nos recentes estudos sobre a história do Português Brasileiro na perspectiva da Sociolinguística Histórica e tem por objetivo analisar as estratégias acusativas, a partir da gramaticalização do você no quadro pronominal de segunda pessoa, em cartas pessoais amorosas, trocadas por sertanejos na década de 50 do século XX. As questões iniciais que envolvem a investigação são as seguintes: i) como se deu a implementação do você no paradigma de segunda pessoa na função acusativa e a resistência do clítico te como estratégia acusativa frente a formas do paradigma de terceira pessoa? ii) Quais contextos morfossintáticos favorecem a ocorrência das formas alternantes na função acusativa na posição pós-verbal? As pesquisas realizadas anteriormente por Lopes et al. (2018), Gomes; Lopes (2014) e Ataíde e Lima (2018) complementam o suporte teórico-metodológico na perspectiva da Sociolinguística Histórica proposto por Conde Silvestre (2007) e do modelo de Tradição Discursiva desenvolvida por Kabatek (2006, 2012); Andrade; Gomes (2018) e Ataíde (2020). Os resultados da análise apontam para a confirmação da hipótese de Lopes et al. (2018) quanto à resistência do clítico te na função acusativa. No que se refere à posição do clítico, constatamos que a próclise é a posição preferida para a colocação do acusativo pelos missivistas e os contextos favorecedores da ênclise foram o início de sentença e quando acusativo foi o pronome você.
Baía, séculos XVI-XVIII: Posse, Distribuição e exploração da terra, fronteira, formas de inclusão do ameríndio.
Authors: Garcia da Cruz Maria Leonor
Published: February 2022

Acompanhando o processo de colonização portuguesa da Baía e seu recôncavo nos primórdios da Época moderna, toda uma problemática ressalta de períodos de maior dinâmica: criação de capitania hereditária (1534) por documentos fundadores (carta de doação, foral e carta de sesmarias); estabelecimento de capitania régia com definição de sede de governo-geral do Brasil (regimento de Tomé de Sousa, 1548); elevação de territórios do Conde da Castanheira a nova capitania hereditária (1556, até incorporação na Coroa em 1754) e sua agregação a morgado do reino. Dessas transformações sociojurídicas ressaltam várias questões: estratégia política, desenvolvimento da política da graça régia, legislação e desvios na prática quotidiana, mecanismos de fixação de recursos humanos e de benefício das terras, sesmarias, estratégias catequéticas, transformação de fronteiras em zonas porosas, novas modalidades de captação e inclusão indígena. A pesquisa, embora de natureza histórica, utiliza conceitos e utensílios multidisciplinares, observando regimentos, epistolário, literatura e fontes inquisitoriais.
KBG syndrome: case report of a novel variant ANKR11 gene mutation and literature review.
Authors: Simona Sestito , Mirella Petrisano , Alessandro Crispino Antonio , Valeria Tallarico , Licia Pensabene , Concolino Daniela
Published: February 2022

KBG is a rare genetic disorder that occurs from the ANKRD11 gene
mutation. The clinical phenotype of the patients is characterized by
dysmorphic features, short stature, intellectual disability and global
developmental delay, but may be not present at the first examination. We
describe a novel variant ANKRD11 gene mutation.
Microbial approaches for the assessment of toothpaste efficacy against oral species -- a method comparison
Authors: Paqué Pune , Karygianni Lamprini , Kneubühler Julien , Fiscalini Lorenzo , Wiedemeier Daniel B. , Müller Marcel , Attin Thomas , Thurnheer Thomas
Published: February 2022

Antibacterial properties of toothpastes enable chemical plaque control
in limited-access tooth regions that are mechanically not sufficiently
reached by toothbrushes. Therefore, this study aimed to compare
different microbial methods to assess antimicrobial toothpaste
properties and evaluate different toothpastes in terms of their
antibacterial efficacy against different oral microorganisms in vitro.
Six toothpaste suspensions with varying antibacterial supplements were
applied to a multi-species biofilm model (Actinomyces oris, Candida
albicans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus
mutans) as well as to each microorganism. A culture method was used to
assess the anti-biofilm effects and two different agar diffusion assays
were performed for testing the antimicrobial effect on each
microorganism. The measurements of the culture and diffusion analyses
were statistically normalized and compared and toothpastes were ranked
according to their antimicrobial efficacy. The results of both agar
diffusion assays showed a high correlation across all tested species
(Spearman correlation coefficients ρs > 0.95). The results
of the multi-species biofilm model, however, substantially differed in
its assessment of antibacterial properties (ρs ranging from 0.22 to
0.87), compared to the results of both diffusion assays. Toothpastes
with amine fluoride with and without stannous fluoride, and triclosan
resulted in the highest antimicrobial efficacy, while activated carbon
supplements were comparable to the negative control NaCl. The
appropriate selection of a broad range of oral microorganisms seems
crucial when testing the chemical impact of toothpastes and toothpaste
supplements.
Diagnosis of fetal congenitally unguarded tricuspid valve orifice by echocardiography
Authors: Liu Hailan , Yuan Gaole , Li Xia , Song Yan , Wang Chen , Zhang Chunquan
Published: February 2022

[Abstract] Objective To review the imaging characteristics and
evaluate the diagnostic value of echocardiography for fetal congenitally
unguarded tricuspid valve orifice (CUTVO). Methods Doppler
echocardiography was performed and the images were compared with
operative and necropsy findings in ten fetuses with CUTVO. The aim of
the study was to summarize the characteristics of fetal echocardiography
and analyze the causes of missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses.  Results
There were six cases with complete absence and four cases with partial
absence of the tricuspid leaflet. In seven of ten cases the pregnancy
was terminated. In six cases CUTVO was confirmed by
autopsy after induced labor, while one case had no autopsy. After birth,
one case died due to severe illness. The two remaining cases survived
with an atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus on postpartum
ultrasonic scans. These cases underwent surgical treatment resulting in
less moderate tricuspid regurgitation. Among all cases, four were
misdiagnosed and diagnosis for CUVTO missed, but CUVTO was demonstrated
after induced labor. CUTVO ultrasonographic characteristics consist of
the atrioventricular connection with normal arteries and the tricuspid
valve device partially or completely absent. The annulus of the
tricuspid valve can be describe as “empty” in the apical 4-chamber
view, Doppler evaluation shows to-and-fro flow across the tricuspid
orifice with low velocity and two-way spectrum. Conclusion diagnosis and
differential diagnosis of CUTVO by fetal echocardiography has important
clinical value.
Evaluation of sustainable development of enterprises in the digital transformations
Authors:   Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Demianchuk Maryna , Skribans Valerijs ,   Riga Technical University
Published: February 2022

In the context of digital transformations, the development of telecommunications enterprises is one of the basic conditions for the digitalization of the country’s economy. The paper developed a mechanism for assessing the effectiveness of sustainable development of a telecommunications enterprise, based on the principles of constructing neural networks by assessing the economic, environmental and social subsystems of the enterprise. The mechanism is a set of analytical, evaluative and resulting blocks, the key link of which is to determine the multiplier of the effectiveness of balanced development based on the calculation of indicators of economic, social, environmental and institutional subsystems of external and internal development in order to form a triune strategy for concretizing potential opportunities in the context of digital transformations and its application as a correction factor in assessing the business value of a telecommunications company.