bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kült Lider(lik) İmajının Ad Hominem Propagandası ve "Ad Hitlerum"
Authors: TUNCER Esra Saniye
Published: March 2023

Tarih boyunca siyasal iktidarlar tarafından başvurulan etkili bir ikna yöntemi olan propaganda, bilhassa savaş dönemlerinde kitleleri etkileme ve manipüle etmenin yegane yollarından biri olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, I. Dünya Savaşı ile birlikte propaganda savaşlarının en yoğun görüldüğü dönem olan II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında Müttefik Devletler tarafından yayınlanan Alman Devlet Başkanı Adolf Hitler karşıtı antifaşist propaganda görselleri, propaganda mitlerinin inşasında nasıl kullanıldığı açısından incelenmektedir. Çalışmada temel olarak ad hominem’e (adam/ad karalama safsatasına) uygun (nefret) söylemlerin(in) argümantatif modellemesini yapmak amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmanın sorunsalını ve amacını teşkil eden “kült lider(lik) imajının “Ad hominem” (“Ad Hitlerum”) okumalarının nefret söylemi bağlamında (Saussure, Peirce, Barthes ve Hjelmslev’in anlayışları doğrultusunda) semiyotik bir analizi gerçekleştirilmektedir. Müttefik Devletler, Hitler’in kült lider imajını yıkmak için Hitler’i gülünç durumlara düşürerek itibarsızlaştıran posterler hazırlatmış, Hitler’in ve dolayısıyla Almanya’nın güç kaybettiği ve savaşı asla kazanamayacağı mitlerini kendi halklarına benimsetme çabası içine girişmişlerdir. Çalışmada, nefret söylemi içeren dönemin posterlerinin, mizah çekiciliği yoluyla düşman liderlerin kitleler nezdinde itibarsızlaştırılarak kült-liderlik imajının yıkılmasında ve böylelikle rakip liderlere karşı nefret söylemi inşa etmede önemli ve etkili bir propaganda (ad hominem propagandası) aracı olarak rol oynadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Covid-19 Geçirmiş Hekimlerin Deneyimleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: GÜNGÖR Sümeyye , FİLİZ Mustafa
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmada amaç, Covid-19 geçirmiş hekimlerin hastalık sürecinde yaşadıkları deneyimlerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden fenomenolojiden yararlanılmıştır. Nitel araştırmalarda öznelerin bakış açısı ve anlam dünyalarını ortaya çıkararak onların gözünden dünyayı görmek amaçlanmaktadır. Veriler Nisan-Mayıs 2022 ayları arasında toplanmıştır. Araştırmada katılımcılar amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden kartopu örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenmiş ve toplam 20 hekime ulaşılmıştır. Bu noktada da katılımcıların bakış açısını ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. 20 kişiden elde edilen verilerin birbirini tekrarlaması sonucunda veri doygunluğu sağlandığı kanaatine varılarak veri toplama sonlandırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, Covid-19’un bulaşma süreci, Covid-19’a verilen tepkiler, tedavi sürecinde yaşananlar ve tedavi sonrası yaşanan değişimler şeklinde 4 temada toplanmıştır. Çalışma grubunu oluşturan hekimlerin birbirinden farklı birçok alanda çalıştıkları, mesleki deneyim olarak 1-12 yıl aralığında değiştiği ve 25-42 yaş aralığında oldukları görülmüştür. Covid-19 geçiren hekimlerin genel deneyimlerinin dört farklı başlıkta toplandığı ve hastalığa yakalanma belirtisi olarak öksürük, tat alamama ve halsizlik gibi faktörlerin öne çıktığı görülmüştür. Hastalığın ilk dönemlerinde, korku, kaygı, ölüm hissi gibi olumsuz duygular ve yaşın genç olması, aşılı olma, vb. olumlu duyguların yaşandığı görülmüştür. Doktorların, hastalıkla mücadelede içsel ve dışsal faktörleri kullandıkları ve stres, korku ve kaygı gibi faktörleri kontrol altına almaya çalıştıkları görülmüştür.
Yükselen ve Büyümede Öncü Ekonomilerde Finansal Göstergeler İyi Yönetimi Etkiler mi?
Authors: GÜNEY Güven
Published: March 2023

Son zamanlarda yönetim kelimesinin yanı sıra yönetişim ve iyi yönetişim terimleri ekonomi literatüründe sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. İyi yönetilmeyen toplumlarda ortaya için sorunların temel nedenlerinden biri olarak iyi yönetişim eksikliği kabul edilmektedir. Öyle ki uluslararası finans kuruluşlarından bağışçılara kadar krediler ve yardımlar verilirken iyi yönetişim reformlarının varlığı aranmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma için iyi yönetişimi hayata geçirmek önemlidir. Bu sebeple çalışmada finansal göstergelerin iyi yönetişime etkisi incelenmiştir. Seçilmiş EAGLEs ülkelerinde 2002-2020 aralığında Dünya İyi Yönetişim Endeksinin bağımlı değişken olduğu panel için analizler yapılmıştır. İlk olarak yatay kesit bağımlılığı sınaması ve daha sonra Delta testi uygulanmıştır. Bulgular kullanılan panelde yatay kesit bağımlılığı ve heterojenlik olduğunu göstermiştir. Daha sonra ikinci kuşak birim kök testlerinden CADF-CIPS testi yapılmıştır. Serilerin farklı dereceden durağan olduğu görülmüştür. Eşbütünleşme ilişkisi Westerlund (2008) Durbin-Hausmann Testiyle araştırılmıştır. Eşbütünleşik seriler için katsayılar CCE metodu ile tahmin edilmiştir. Sonuçlar portföy yatırımlarındaki artışın iyi yönetim üzerinde pozitif, enflasyonun ise negatif etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Faiz, finansal derinlik ve kişi başına düşen gelir değişkenlerinde ise ülkeye özgü bulgular tespit edilmiştir.
Türkiye’de Genç Kadın İşsizliğinde Histeri Etkisi: Fourier ADF Testinden Kanıtlar
Authors: ŞAHİN KUTLU Şeyma
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmada Türkiye ekonomisinde işsizlik histerisinin varlığı genç kadın işsizliği bağlamında ampirik olarak test edilmiştir. Çalışmanın veri aralığı 2005Q1-2020Q2 dönemini kapsamaktadır ve analizler çeyrek dönemlik veriler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Literatürde işsizlik histerisini araştırmak için geleneksel birim kök testleri sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Ancak geleneksel birim kök testlerinin dezavantajları göz önüne alındığında, Fourier fonksiyonlu birim kök testinin daha uygun olduğu çıkarımı yapılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda analizler Fourier Augmented Dickey-Fuller (FADF) birim kök testi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ampirik sonuçlar, Türkiye’de genç kadın işsizlik oranının durağan olmadığını göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla Türkiye'de genç kadın işsizliğinde histeri etkisinin geçerli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Raporlanan bu ampirik bulgu, Türkiye’de genç kadın işsizlik oranlarının işgücü piyasaları tarafından belirlenen uzun vadeli dengesine geri dönmek için esnek olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle politika yapıcılar işgücü piyasasında genç kadınlara yönelik olumsuz şokları azaltmaya yönelik istihdam politikaları belirlemelidir.
Türkiye’de Çocuk Gelişimi Bölümü Erkek Lisans Öğrencisi Olmak: “Erkek Adam Çocuk Gelişimi mi Okur?”
Authors: ALABAY Erhan , ALAN Rana , AÇIKALIN Betül , ERDENCİ Demet , DARCAN Fatıma , DURSUN İrem , ZUNLUOĞLU Fatma Nur
Published: March 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin farklı üniversitelerinin Çocuk Gelişimi bölümlerinde öğrenim görmekte olan, erkek lisans öğrencilerinin mesleği seçme sürecinden başlayıp üniversitede öğrenim görme sürecine kadar yaşadıkları deneyimleri ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırma nitel araştırma modeli ile tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmaya Türkiye’nin farklı şehirlerinde Çocuk Gelişimi bölümünde öğrenim gören 18 erkek lisans öğrencisi katılmıştır. Veriler “Demografik Bilgi Formu” ve “Erkek Çocuk Gelişimi Lisans Öğrencilerinin Bölümle ilgili Deneyimleri Görüşme Formu” ile toplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, erkek çocuk gelişimi öğrencilerinin çoğunlukla zorunluluktan dolayı bu bölümü seçtiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca lisans bölümünde okumaktan memnun olmalarına rağmen, bölümün kadın ağırlıklı bir bölüm olmasından dolayı sınıfta kendilerini yalnız hissettikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak katılımcıların çoğu, bir erkek olarak çocuk gelişimi bölümünde okuduğu için toplum tarafından olumsuz yorumlar aldığını ve çoğunlukla çocuk gelişimi bölümünün erkeğe uygun bir meslek olmadığına dair görüşlerle karşılaştığını belirtmişlerdir.
İklim Değişikliğinin Ekonomik Küreselleşme ve DYSY’ler İle Olan İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: NIC Ülkeleri Örneği
Authors: GÜL Kübra , AKYOL Hikmet
Published: March 2023

Uluslararası ticaretin küresel boyutta kaydetmiş olduğu olağanüstü büyüme, dünya genelinde insan aktivitelerini ve sermaye akımlarını arttırmıştır. Bu dönemde gelişmiş dünyadan gelişmekte olan ülkelere yapılan doğrudan yabancı sabit yatırımları (DYSY), beraberinde çevresel tartışmaları da getirmiştir. Bu bağlamda iklim değişikliği ve küreselleşme bağlantısına olan akademik ilgi son dönemde artmıştır. Bu araştırma 1990-2019 arasında Yeni Sanayileşen Ülkelerde (NIC) ekonomik küreselleşme, DYSY’ler ile iklim değişikliği ilişkisini Emirmahmutoğlu ve Köse (2011) testi kullanarak incelemiştir. Sonuçlar, iklim değişikliğinin ekonomik küreselleşme ve DYSY’lerle belirgin bağlantıları olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bulgulara göre iklim değişikliğinden ev sahibi ülkelere yapılan DYSY’lere doğru tek yönlü nedensellik söz konusuyken, ekonomik küreselleşmeyle iklim değişikliği arasında karşılıklı bir nedensellik bulunmaktadır. Ülkeler bazında incelendiğinde, bulguların farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları bir takım çıkarımlar içermektedir. İklim değişikliğinin araştırma ülkelerine yapılan yatırımlarda önemli bir rolü olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Aksine DYSY’lere bağlı ev sahibi ülkelerde yaşanan teknik gelişme ve uzmanlaşmanın, iklim değişikliğiyle arasında herhangi bir İlişkisi olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir.
An Ecological Oracle
Authors: Arar Raphael
Published: March 2023

An Ecological Oracle is an installation that creates a simulated environment to explore social dynamics surrounding a critical tipping point of climate change—the thawing of permafrost. The work engages participants through real-time data that exposes how inputs in and out of their control affect permafrost melt. The work seeks to expose underlying tensions between the individual and the collective, raising questions around how ideology may shape perception of this potential climate event.
Presence Questionnaires in Driving Simulation
Authors: Himmels Chantal , Rock Teresa , Venrooij Joost , Riener Andreas
Published: March 2023

Automotive research often takes place in driving simulators, where a high sense of feeling present in the virtual traffic situation has been hypothesized to foster a realistic driving behavior. Presence in driving simulators has been investigated using subjective questionnaires, but their validity for application in driving simulators has not yet been verified. In a first approach, we aimed at critically investigating whether presence questionnaires can or cannot be applied in driving simulation. Therefore, we conducted a within-subjects experiment with N=50 participants comparing presence between a low- and a high-fidelity simulator, using two commonly used questionnaires: the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ) and the Slater-Usoh-Steed (SUS*) presence questionnaire. The wording of the SUS* questionnaire has been adopted for use in driving simulation prior to its use in the study. Results show a strong correlation between the adapted SUS* questionnaire and the IPQ. Both questionnaires reflected a significant difference in presence between the low-fidelity and the high-fidelity simulator. The reliability of both questionnaires was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha > .7). The present results are promising in that presence questionnaires, including in particular the adapted SUS* and the IPQ, can be used in driving simulation. The validity of the adapted SUS* questionnaire should be further investigated.
Localization and Prediction of Visual Targets' Position in Immersive Virtual Reality
Authors: Dozio Nicolò , Rozza Ludovico , Lukasiewicz Marek S. , Colombo Alessandro , Ferrise Francesco
Published: March 2023

Modern driver-assist and monitoring systems are severely limited by the lack of a precise understanding of how humans localize and predict the position of neighboring road users. Virtual Reality (VR) is a cost-efficient means to investigate these matters. However, human perception works differently in reality and in immersive virtual environments, with visible differences even between different VR environments. Therefore, when exploring human perception, the relevant perceptive parameters should first be characterized in the specific VR environment. In this paper, we report the results of two experiments that were designed to assess localization and prediction accuracy of static and moving visual targets in a VR setup developed using broadly available hardware and software solutions. Results of the first experiment provide a reference measure of the significant effect that distance and eccentricity have on localization error for static visual targets, while the second experiment shows the effect of time variables and contextual information on the localization accuracy of moving targets. These results provide a solid basis to test in VR the effects of different ergonomics and driver-vehicle interaction designs on perception accuracy.
An Estimated Model of Household Inflation Expectations: Information Frictions and Implications
Authors: Xie Shihan
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes and estimates a dynamic model of household inflation expectations with information frictions and time-varying parameters, where households use a Bayesian learning model to form and update inflation expectations. The model decomposes households' inflation expectation formation process into a learning component, a noisy signal component, and a measurement component. Model-implied household inflation expectations provide a robust fit for the expectation-augmented Phillips curve. As a result of time-varying inflation dynamics, households' attention to inflation is endogenous to its volatility. This insight offers explanations for the anchoring of inflation expectations during the Great Moderation.
Scribal Harmonization and Matthew’s Fulfillment Citations in Codices Alexandrinus, Vaticanus, and Sinaiticus
Authors: Märs Andreas , Wasserman Tommy
Published: March 2023

LXX editor Alfred Rahlfs assumed that the scriptural citations in the NT had influenced the LXX. Text-critics of the NT have suggested that the influence primarily went in the other direction. More recent research suggests that the two textual traditions were transmitted independently of each other. This article studies harmonization by examining the relevant passages in LXX (source-text) and NT (citation) in manuscripts where both texts are extant and sometimes copied by the same scribe. Did these scribes harmonize in one direction or the other? This examination of Matthew’s unique Fulfillment Citations and their sources in the three pandects, Codices Alexandrinus, Vaticanus and Sinaiticus, suggests that these scribes have rarely harmonized the text. The result shows that Vaticanus and Sinaiticus reflect less harmonization (and more negative evidence) than Alexandrinus, whereas a specific early corrector of Sinaiticus (Ca) occasionally harmonized the LXX to the NT. This confirms that the two traditions have remained largely independent. However, in all detected cases of possible or probable harmonization, the LXX text was harmonized to the NT, which supports Rahlfs’s position.
Prophecy in Philo and the Fourth Gospel
Authors: Klem Matthew J.
Published: March 2023

Wayne Meeks argues that Philo’s presentation of Moses as king, prophet, and priest in De vita Mosis may reflect the traditions lying behind the Fourth Gospel’s depiction of Jesus as both prophet and king. This article proposes more specific parallels between the prophetic roles in De vita Mosis and the Gospel. First, the water miracle at the wedding in Cana (John 2:1–11) has substantial similarities to Philo’s rewriting of Moses’s water miracles in the wilderness (Mos. 1.181–213) that are not shared by the LXX (Exod 15, 17). Second, both the Gospel and Philo assign to the prophetic office a close proximity to the divine. Third, in both the Gospel and Philo, the prophet is a heavenly revealer who returns to the Father. Philo thus helps explain Jesus’s prophetic role in the Fourth Gospel, not simply regarding the merging of prophet with king, but also regarding the particular form that prophecy takes.
Neither Jew nor Greek
Authors: Sargent Benjamin
Published: March 2023

Ignatius of Antioch makes very little reference to specific texts from the Scriptures of Israel. This has been interpreted as evidence of little interest in Scripture, which, in turn has been used to plot Ignatius on a parting of the ways trajectory. The evidence for this interpretation is weak. Ignatius refers to Scripture in a way that is comparable to some Pauline letters. Furthermore, his statements about Scripture and his use of texts suggest that he differs little from the hermeneutical assumptions of apostolic Christianity.
Aquinas Bound with a Talmudic Fragment: An Associative Exercise
Authors: Mayer Yakov Z. , Even-Ezra Ayelet
Published: March 2023

Fragments of manuscripts were constantly used in bindings of new books throughout the medieval and early modern periods. Usually, no intellectual connection exists between the parchment fragment, stripped to its material function, and the text of the new book. We argue that a fifteenth-century codex containing Thomas Aquinas’s Summa theologiae, which was bound with a Hebrew-Aramaic fragment of the Talmud Yerushalmi, presents a unique case of an intertextual interaction, as a later hand inserted an enigmatic list of references to questions in the Summa. Following the references, we reconstruct the subtle relations between these scholastic questions and the Talmudic story presented in the fragment, then examine these associations and the topic they seem to address in two contexts. First, the intricate Christian-Jewish climate in fifteenth-century Vienna and the question of Jewish attitudes towards the crucifix; second, the context of annotations and scholarly practices of reading, note taking and drafting.
Strategic Climate Change Litigation and the EU Habitats Directive: Squaring the Circle with the Help of the U.S. Endangered Species Act?
Authors: Schoukens Hendrik
Published: March 2023

Against the backdrop of the rising temperatures and the existing ‘emission gap’, climate change lawsuits have recently emerged as a new lever in order to step up compliance with international reduction targets. As of today, the majority of these strategic lawsuits are based upon tort law and human rights duties, which is evident given the major impact unhalted climate change on the immediate survival chances of future generations of humans. However, many terrestrial as well as marine ecosystems are already suffering from the global rise of temperatures, also in Europe. This article addresses the principal question as to whether within the specific context of the European Union, climate change litigation could not also use the 1992 Habitats Directive as an complementary instrument to mitigate future greenhouse gas emissions or at least prepare and adapt ecosystems for the inevitable impact of climate change. Using the recent courtroom experiences with the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 in the context of climate change-related lawsuits as a benchmark, this article argues that global warming will be an increasingly important factor when applying the conservation duties of the Habitats Directive in the coming decades.
A Man Without a Corner of His Own. Domestic Migration, Social Inequalities and Housing in Post-Second World War Rijeka
Authors: Rolandi Francesca
Published: March 2023

In the aftermath of the Second World War, the city of Rijeka experienced dramatic demographic changes. A significant part of the local population left for Italy, and domestic migrants arrived from the territories of the Yugoslav Federation. Besides the need to create a new urban fabric, the local authorities had to manage the chaotic – and often unorganised – influx of labour, that ranged from unskilled workers to party cadres. One of the main challenges that the city had to tackle was to provide newcomers with decent accommodation in what was then a war-torn city without proper housing. Housing became a barometer of how integrated a person had become, or how marginalised those at the bottom of the social ladder were. As the article argues, access to decent housing not only mirrored class differentiation but also fostered boundaries of exclusion or inclusion within the social fabric. Those living in makeshift accommodation were burdened by additional stigmatisation, despite them being integrated into the labour market.
Learning How to Print in Colonial North India: The Nizami Press in Budaun and the First Urdu Manual on the Art of Lithography
Authors: Sievers Gianni
Published: March 2023

This article centers on an Urdu-language manual on lithography, published in 1924 by the Nizami Press in Budaun (United Provinces), to explore how a Muslim printer-publisher in a North Indian qaṣbah tried to reform educational methods in his trade. It introduces the Nizami Press (est. 1905) and compares the manual with similar European and Indian instructional handbooks. How did Indian printers and publishers learn their craft? What were the tools and materials used for lithographic printing in colonial India? And given the popularity of lithography, why were such manuals rarely published in Indian languages? By examining the material and technical aspects of the lithographic printing process explained in the Urdu manual, this article engages with larger scholarly debates revolving around knowledge production, pedagogy, and technological developments in South Asia. Furthermore, it analyzes the manual’s language to demonstrate how printers and publishers were engaged in discourses about nationalism, modernization, and social reform.
Anthropology and Nonviolence: a Reflection on Peace from Nagasaki
Authors: Miyazaki Hirokazu
Published: March 2023

Despite their personal commitment to peace, anthropologists have an ambivalent relationship to pacifism and nonviolence. This is partly because violence is pervasive at all levels of interpersonal, intergroup, and international relations anthropologists routinely study. Ethnographic records show that violence of all kinds is part and parcel of human relationality. While there are many fine-grained analyses of conflicts, disputes, injustices, and inequalities, and their complex, and often long-term, consequences, pacifism and nonviolence have not been among the discipline’s explicit ethnographic or theoretical concerns. In this article I discuss the concept of “peace resources,” recently introduced by Japanese anthropologist Oda Hiroshi, as a possible starting point for more ethnographic and practical engagement with pacifism and nonviolence. I use my ethnographic observations of various activities aimed at the abolition of nuclear weapons taking place alongside the annual commemoration of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki on August 9th to examine the concept’s promise.
Virtual Collaborative Behavioral Health Model in a Community Pediatric Network: Two-Year Outcomes
Authors: Arora Bhavana Kumar , Klein Margaret J. , Yousif Christina , Khacheryan Araksi , Walter Heather J.
Published: March 2023

Due to the pervasive shortage of behavioral health (BH) specialists, collaborative partnerships between pediatric primary care practitioners (PPCPs) and BH specialists can enhance provision of BH services by PPCPs. We aimed to create a new model of collaborative care that was mostly virtual, affordable, and scalable. The pilot program was implemented in 18 practices (48 PPCPs serving approximately 150 000 patients) in 2 consecutive cohorts. Outcomes were assessed by administering pre-program and post-program surveys. Across the 18 practices, PPCPs reported significantly increased confidence in their BH knowledge and skills, and significantly increased their provision of target BH services. Barriers to BH service provision (resources, time, and staff) were unchanged. This compact, mostly virtual model of BH collaboration appears to be beneficial to PPCPs while also offering convenience to patients and affordability and scalability to the practice network.
Analysis of the perception of digital government and artificial intelligence in the public sector in Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Ruvalcaba-Gomez Edgar A. , Cifuentes-Faura Javier
Published: March 2023

The advancement and continuous development of information and communication technologies highlights the importance of analysing and monitoring the development and capabilities of governments to use and exploit the potential of new technologies. Digital government and artificial intelligence in the public sector are two trends associated with technological development. This research conducts an analysis of these elements from the perspective of public officials by conducting a factor analysis. The study is based on a survey administered to civil servants in the state of Jalisco in Mexico. An analysis was made of their training and knowledge of these aspects and whether there are significant differences according to gender, age, level of studies, area of knowledge and place of work. The results obtained show divergences and coincidences between variables and factors. The findings are useful as a reference for the government of Jalisco to promote measures aimed at improving the situation of digital government and artificial intelligence in the short to medium term, in order to optimize administrative management.

Points for practitioners

Knowing the perspective of public officials on digital government and artificial intelligence is important to evaluate and design a digital strategy in governments. Public officials in charge of technology areas in governments need constant training on emerging technological tools, mainly those related to artificial intelligence. There is a lack of knowledge about the use and implications of artificial intelligence in the public sector by public servants. Data interoperability and coordination between government agencies are relevant to the development of digital government.
Limited strength of short fiber composites: Identification of variables affecting the critical fiber length
Authors: Shiino Marcos Yutaka , Monticeli Francisco Maciel , Donadon Maurício Vicente
Published: March 2023

The industry of composite materials has grown in the last decade due to the requirements of light and high strength materials. The increasing demands of materials have to comply with low greenhouse gases emissions (GHG) as stated by international agreements, and reusing and recycling is a path to minimize the environmental impacts. This research aims to analyze the variables that influence the tensile strength of discontinuous laminate composites of short fibers from cutting operation process which is in the context of reusing. These variables were part of the equation of force equilibrium that involves shear strength failure criterium approach. In addition, the failure analysis and the results were compared with the literature data. Composites of glass fiber fabric wastes with varied fiber length (defined as short fiber) was designed and tested using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a matrix. A total of three different laminates with different fabric lengths were evaluated, totaling of seven interruptions/discontinuities along the thickness of each laminate. An image analysis of the failure sequence aided to assess the laminate behavior by comparing the stress–strain curve shape and they were in agreement with the results provided by the developed equation. The results show that this equation enables to identify the variables that influence the laminate strength: yielding stress; interface strength; stress concentration; and peel stress. In this particular research, the weak interface contributed to the low tensile strength of the laminates, and showed less influence of the “critical length,” limiting the micromechanical approach that considered a fiber filament.
Relative Age Effect in Judo Competitions: Influence of Age, Weight Category, Sex, and Time Frames
Authors: Fukuda David H. , Lopes-Silva João Paulo , Takito Monica Yuri , Franchini Emerson
Published: March 2023

This study was conducted to determine whether the relative age effect (RAE) is present in different age groups, weight categories, sexes, and across different time frames in international-level judo competition. A total of 9451 judo athletes competing at the Olympic Games and/or World Championships in the Cadet, Junior and/or Senior age groups between 1993 and 2020 were considered. Athletesʼ birthdate distributions were grouped in four quartiles (Q1: January-March; Q2: April-June; Q3: July-September; Q4: October-December) and compared to a day-corrected theoretical distribution using Chi-squared analysis. Poisson regression was also used to evaluate the ability to explain weekly birth count. RAE was more prevalent in males than females ( p < .05), and for Cadets and Juniors compared to Seniors ( p < .05). Heavyweight and middleweight categories presented RAEs in Senior and Junior males, while for females it was present in Cadet heavyweights ( p < .05). RAE was more prevalent in recent years (2009–2021) for Senior male judo athletes ( p < .05). Poisson analysis illustrated some nuanced information, including RAE detection during an earlier time frame, not readily apparent with the traditional analysis.
Biological Essentialism Correlates With (But Doesn’t Cause?) Intergroup Bias
Authors: Bailey April H. , Knobe Joshua
Published: March 2023

People with biological essentialist beliefs about social groups also tend to endorse biased beliefs about individuals in those groups, including intensified emphasis on the group, stereotypes, and prejudices. These correlations could be due to biological essentialism causing bias, and some experimental studies support this causal direction. Given this prior work, we expected to find that biological essentialism would lead to increased bias compared with a control condition and set out to extend this prior work in a new direction (regarding “value-based” essentialism). But although the manipulation affected essentialist beliefs and essentialist beliefs were correlated with group emphasis (Study 1), stereotyping (Studies 2, 3a, 3b, and 3c), prejudice (Studies 3a), there was no evidence that biological essentialism caused these outcomes ( NTotal = 1,903). Given these findings, our initial research question became moot. We thus focus on reexamining the relationship between essentialism and bias.
Transparency in hip fracture recovery over institutional boundaries: The transmural monitoring pathway
Authors: Nijmeijer Wieke S , van Dartel Dieuwke , de Groot Reinier , Woudsma Sanne , Folbert Ellis C , den Braber Niala , Vermeer Marloes , Hegeman Johannes H , Vollenbroek-Hutten Miriam MR ,   On behalf of the Up&Go after a hip fracture group
Published: March 2023

Objectives

To develop a transmural pathway for healthcare professionals across institutions to monitor the recovery of hip fracture patients. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the pathway's feasibility and initial outcomes.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Method

Stakeholders of the hospital and geriatric rehabilitation institutions implemented a transmural monitoring pathway in which different geriatric health domains were monitored during three phases: The in-hospital, inpatient rehabilitation, and outpatient follow-up phase. The outcomes for the first 291 patients and the feasibility of the pathway were evaluated. If the outcomes of the clinimetrics significantly improved over time, progress in functional recovery was assumed. Feasibility was assessed according to the rate of adherence to the clinimetric tests.

Results

During the in-hospital phase, patients showed a decline in functional level (the Katz index of independence in Activities of Daily Living (Katz-ADL) pre-fracture vs. discharge: 0 (0–2) vs. 4 (4–5), P < 0.001). Patients, in which 78.6% (n = 140) had cognitive impairment and 41.2% had malnutrition, showed the most progress (Katz-ADL 2 (1–3)) during the inpatient rehabilitation phase. In the outpatient follow-up phase, recovery remained ongoing, but most patients had not returned to their pre-fracture functional levels (Katz-ADL 1 (1–3)). The pathway feasibility during the first phase was excellent (>85%), whereas room for improvement existed during other phases (<85%).

Conclusion

The transmural monitoring pathway provides insight into the entire recovery process for all involved healthcare professionals. Patients showed the most progress during the rehabilitation phase. The pathway feasibility was excellent during the in-hospital phase, but improvements could be made during other phases.
Spiritual, religious, and existential concerns of children and young people with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Scott Hannah May , Coombes Lucy , Braybrook Debbie , Roach Anna , Harðardóttir Daney , Bristowe Katherine , Ellis-Smith Clare , Downing Julia , Murtagh Fliss EM , Farsides Bobbie , Fraser Lorna K , Bluebond-Langner Myra , Harding Richard
Published: March 2023

Background:

Despite being a core domain of palliative care, primary data on spiritual and existential concerns has rarely been collected among children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions and their families. Existing evidence has tended to focus on the religious aspects among children with cancer.

Aim:

To identify the spiritual needs of children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions.

Design:

Cross-sectional semi-structured, qualitative interview study with children, families and health and social care professionals. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using Framework analysis

Setting/participants:

Purposively sampled children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions, their parents and siblings, health and social care professionals recruited from six hospitals and three children’s hospices in the UK, and commissioners of paediatric palliative care services recruited through networks and a national charity.

Results:

One hundred six participants were interviewed: 26 children (5–17 years), 53 family members (parents/carers of children 0–17 years and siblings (5–17 years)), 27 professionals (health and social care professionals and commissioners of paediatric palliative care). Themes included: living life to the fullest, meaning of life and leaving a legacy, uncertainty about the future, determination to survive, accepting or fighting the future and role of religion. Children as young as 5 years old identified needs or concerns in the spiritual domain of care.

Conclusions:

Addressing spiritual concerns is essential to providing child- and family-centred palliative care. Eliciting spiritual concerns may enable health and social care professionals to identify the things that can support and enhance a meaningful life and legacy for children and their families.
Hearing loss and mental health issues in amateur and professional musicians
Authors: Maghiar Monica J , Lawrence Blake J , Mulders Wilhelmina HAM , Moyle Thomas C , Livings Isabelle , Jayakody Dona MP
Published: March 2023

Musicians are at risk of developing music-induced hearing loss (MIHL) and also exhibit increased prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress. However, the relationship between hearing loss and mental health issues in musicians has not yet been explored. This study conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 32 professional and 35 amateur musicians recruited from local bands and orchestras. KUDUwave software was used to obtain their overall hearing thresholds for both ears over three frequency ranges: 0.5 to 4, 6 to 8, and 9 to 16 kHz. Participants also completed a demographic questionnaire that contained questions related to musical exposure, type of music exposed, years of practice, and so on, and the DASS-21 questionnaire, which assesses the presence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Professional musicians had significantly greater music exposure compared with amateur musicians, but their hearing thresholds were not significantly different from amateur musicians in 0.5–4, 6–8, or 9–16 kHz frequency ranges. Professional musicians experienced greater symptoms of anxiety compared with amateur musicians, and this occurred independently of their hearing status. Further longitudinal studies are required to explore the causative factors resulting in increased mental health issues in professional musicians and what potential interventions may be implemented to address anxious symptomology in this population.
Comparison of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-LiDAR and Image-Based Mobile Mapping System for Assessing Road Geometry Parameters via Digital Terrain Models
Authors: Suleymanoglu Baris , Gurturk Mert , Yilmaz Yalcin , Soycan Arzu , Soycan Metin
Published: March 2023

Road condition analysis is an important research topic in many fields (such as intelligent transportation, road safety, road design analysis, and traffic analysis) and depends on road geometry parameters such as longitudinal profile and cross-slope. In this study, the extraction of road geometry parameters by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with LiDAR and by a mobile photogrammetric system (MPS) designed by our research group was investigated. The purpose of this study was to obtain geometric parameters (such as road longitudinal profile and cross-slope) by using digital terrain model (DTM) surfaces derived from point cloud data acquired using UAV-LiDAR and MPS. For this purpose, a framework was developed for the extraction and comparison of longitudinal and cross-sectional profiles. First, the ground filtering approach was used to extract ground points and DTM surfaces generated from an appropriate interpolation algorithm by using ground points. Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the road sections were extracted and compared with reference data. A comparison of the longitudinal profiles obtained from DTMs derived from the MPS and from UAV-LiDAR revealed root mean square error values of 1.8 cm and 2.3 cm, respectively. The average deviation of cross-slopes for both surfaces was 0.19% and 0.18%, respectively. These results show that road geometric parameters can be obtained from DTM surfaces with high accuracy. It can be concluded from the results of this study that MPS can be a favorable alternative for studies on road geometry parameters extraction.
Operational Analysis to Establish Guidelines for Designing Auxiliary Lanes on Frontage Roads
Authors: Sharma Sushant , Anderson Paul , Tsapakis Ioannis , Venglar Steve
Published: March 2023

Auxiliary lanes (ALs) provide significant operational benefits by spreading merging or weaving movements over a long distance or by providing an extra lane of capacity through a freeway bottleneck or signalized intersection. However, if ALs are not long enough, they may produce merge bottlenecks and queue spillbacks onto the main lanes of the freeway or arterial, creating operational and safety concerns. While there is literature or guidance for ALs on freeways, there is minimal design guidance for ALs on frontage roads. This study systematically examines various design elements of ALs on frontage roads and the design parameters that influence these design elements by leveraging microsimulation. The key purpose of this study is to develop recommendations for the length of ALs in six common frontage road design configurations based on the selected nine design parameters. More than 3,000 simulation runs were performed to develop and compare guidance with the existing design manuals. The results reveal new insights that would complement existing design guidance.
Remote Work: New Fields and Challenges for Labor Activism
Authors: Hipp Lena , Krzywdzinski Martin
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered how and when we work. Suddenly, organizations had to grant the possibility of working from home to all employees whose presence on-site was not necessary, independent of rank and job. In light of this experience, a return to permanent presence in the office for all has become unlikely. As remote work has both positive and negative implications for employees, their organizations, and workplace institutions, this contribution seeks to answer the following questions: First, what are the challenges for workplace equity and employee well-being that arise from the increased use of remote work? Second, what can be done to ensure that remote work actually benefits employees? Third, what are the implications of the increased use of remote work for the labor movement?
A Book Review of Knowledge Development in Nursing: Theory and Process by Peggy L. Chinn, Maeona K. Kramer, and Kathleen Sitzman (2022). Elsevier
Authors: Alligood Martha Raile
Published: March 2023

This is a review of the 11th edition of Knowledge Development in Nursing: Theory and Process by Chinn and colleagues (2022). This book is divided into 11 chapters and each chapter provides comprehensive details with thorough material and adherence to the purpose of this book, offering the readers a broad understanding of nursing knowledge and knowing within the discipline and practice of nursing.
Pathogenesis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: An Adaptation of Neuman’s Systems Theory
Authors: Everhart Kayla C. , Iskersky Victor N. , Donevant Sara B. , Wirth Michael D. , Dail Robin B.
Published: March 2023

Preterm infants have increased morbidity and mortality due to immature physiology and neonatal complications. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal complication that affects morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. The authors present an adaptation of Neuman’s systems model called the NEC systems model to explore intrinsic and extrinsic factors leading to NEC in preterm infants. The literature was searched for theoretical models to guide exploration of neonatal disease influenced by the environment. Neuman’s Systems Model provides a holistic approach to care of the system, offering a foundation to develop frameworks to examine preterm infants in their environment with associated stressors.
Effect of variation of WC reinforcement on metallurgical and cavitation erosion behavior of microwave processed NiCrSiC-WC composites clads
Authors: Bansal Sandeep , Kaushal Sarbjeet , Mago Jonty , Gupta Dheeraj , Jain Vivek , Babbar Atul , Sharma Deepti
Published: March 2023

Components operating in fluid handling systems most frequently experience cavitation erosion. The coatings/claddings fabricated by microwave irradiation method can remarkably improve cavitation erosion. In the present work, WC reinforced NiCrSiC based metal matrix composite clads with varying weight percentage of WC particles were developed on SS 316 steel using microwave heating method. The metallurgical and microstructural study of composite clads were analyzed using SEM/EDS, XRD and porosity, microhardness was also investigated. Cavitation erosion behavior of the claddings were evaluated using vibratory cavitation erosion tester. The failure mechanism due to cavitation erosion was explored using SEM study. The relationship of cavitation erosion behavior with variation in weight percentage (10%, 20%, and 30%) of reinforced particles in the composite clad was also explored. It has been observed that with an increase in the weight percentage of WC particles, the cavitation erosion rates decreased drastically initially (37.9%) and, but later significant change was not observed (4.89%, 2.44%). Eroded surface study revealed that with increase in the weight percentage of WC reinforcement the mode of damage changes from ductile to brittle. Further it was studied that the pits, crater, micro-cracks, and plastic deformation were the primary wear mechanisms.
Similarity based position calibration for multisource track inspection data
Authors: Ma Shuai , Liu Xiubo , Zhang Bo , Qiang Weile , Wei Jianmei
Published: March 2023

Track geometry inspection data have long endured positional errors and shifts, hindering the quality evaluation, deterioration analysis and maintenance work of railway track. Besides, vehicle response inspection data are also typically misaligned or shifted from each other, but it tends to be ignored by people. In light of this situation, a position calibration method on the basis of a simple similarity metric, i.e. correlation coefficient, is proposed to tackle the positional errors and shifts among multisource track inspection data concurrently. For the convenience of practical implementation, a scheme containing three parts is designed to fulfil the purpose and a two-step procedure is adopted by all the three parts. According to the performance test on a dataset containing five inspection runs of a high-speed railway in China, the positional error between inspection data and actual locations can be greatly diminished, and the data inspected at different times and from different sources are well aligned with each other, with a time consumption of 0.66 s on average for a 1 km segment.
A modified dual time integration technique for aerodynamic quasi-static and dynamic stall hysteresis
Authors: Sereez Mohamed , Abramov Nikolay , Goman Mikhail
Published: March 2023

Simulation of the aerodynamic stall phenomenon in both quasi-static and dynamic conditions requires expensive computational resources. The computations become even more costly for static stall hysteresis using an unsteady solver with very slow variation of angle of attack at low reduced frequencies. In an explicit time-marching solver that satisfies the low Courant number condition, that is, [Formula: see text], the computational cost for such simulations becomes prohibitive, especially at higher Reynolds numbers due to the presence of thin-stretched cells with large aspect ratio in the boundary layer. In this paper, a segregated solver method such as the Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations (SIMPLE) is modified as a dual pseudo-time marching method so that the unsteady problem at each time step is reformulated as a steady state problem. The resulting system of equations in the discretized finite volume formulation is then reduced to zero or near-zero residuals using available convergence acceleration methods such as local time stepping, multi-grid acceleration and residual smoothing. The performance and accuracy of the implemented algorithm was tested for three different airfoils at low to moderate Reynolds numbers in both incompressible and compressible flow conditions covering both attached and separated flow regimes. The results obtained are in close agreement with the published experimental and computational results for both quasi-static and dynamic stall and have demonstrated significant savings in computational time.