bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inequalities in the Evaluation of Male Versus Female Athletes in Sports Medicine Research: A Systematic Review
Authors: Paul Ryan W. , Sonnier John Hayden , Johnson Emma E. , Hall Anya T. , Osman Alim , Connors Gregory M. , Freedman Kevin B. , Bishop Meghan E.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Female sports participation continues to rise; however, inequalities between male and female athletes still exist in many areas and may extend into medical research.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to (1) compare the number of published studies evaluating male versus female athletes in various sports and (2) identify which co-ed sports currently underrepresent female athletes in the sports medicine literature.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

All nonreview research studies published from 2017 to 2021 in 6 top sports medicine journals were considered for inclusion. Sports medicine studies were included that isolated athletes, reported study outcomes specific to male and/or female patients, provided study outcomes for specific sports, and evaluated ≤3 different sports. The total number of studies reporting on male and/or female athletes were compared for all sports, and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Comparisons of study design, level of sports participation, outcomes assessed, and study quality were also made according to participant sex.

Results:

Overall, 669 studies were included the systematic review. Most studies isolated male athletes (70.7%), while 8.8% isolated female athletes and 20.5% included male and female athletes. Female athletes were more frequently studied in softball and volleyball, while male athletes were more commonly researched in baseball, soccer, American football, basketball, rugby, hockey, and Australian football. Notably, male athletes were largely favored in baseball/softball (91% vs 5%; OR = 18.2), rugby (72% vs 5%; OR = 14.4), soccer (65% vs 15%; OR = 4.3), and basketball (58% vs 18%; OR = 3.2).

Conclusion:

Sports medicine research has favored the evaluation of male athletes in most sports, including the majority of co-ed sports. Potential reasons for this inequality of research evaluation include availability of public data and database data, financial and promotional incentives, a high percentage of male sports medicine clinicians and researchers, and sex biases in sport. While the causes of these differences are multifaceted, researchers should consider both sexes for study inclusion whenever possible, and journals should support a more balanced representation of research publications regarding male and female athletes.
Ambulatory Surgery Centers Significantly Decrease Total Health Care Expenditures in Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Tiao Justin , Wang Kevin , Carbone Andrew D. , Herrera Michael , Zubizarreta Nicole , Gladstone James N. , Colvin Alexis C. , Anthony Shawn G.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a commonly performed orthopaedic procedure. The volume and cost of ACLR procedures are increasing annually, but the drivers of these cost increases are not well described.

Purpose:

To analyze the modifiable drivers of total health care utilization (THU), immediate procedure reimbursement, and surgeon reimbursement for patients undergoing ACLR using a large national commercial insurance database from 2013 to 2017.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

For this study, the cohort consisted of patients identified in the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database who underwent outpatient arthroscopic ACLR in the United States from 2013 to 2017. Patients with Current Procedural Terminology code 29888 were included. THU was defined as the sum of any payment related to the ACLR procedure from 90 days preoperatively to 180 days postoperatively. A multivariable model was utilized to describe the patient- and procedure-related drivers of THU, immediate procedure reimbursement, and surgeon reimbursement.

Results:

There were 34,862 patients identified. On multivariable analysis, the main driver of THU and immediate procedure reimbursement was an outpatient hospital as the surgical setting (US$6789 increase in THU). The main driver of surgeon reimbursement was an out-of-network surgeon (US$1337 increase). Health maintenance organization as the insurance plan type decreased THU, immediate procedure reimbursement, and surgeon reimbursement (US$955, US$108, and US$38 decrease, respectively, compared with preferred provider organization; P < .05 for all).

Conclusion:

Performing procedures in more cost-efficient ambulatory surgery centers had the largest effect on decreasing health care expenditures for ACLR. Health maintenance organizations aided in cost-optimization efforts as well, but had a minor effect on surgeon reimbursement. Overall, this study increases transparency into what drives reimbursement and serves as a foundation for how to decrease health care expenditures related to ACLR.
A Forced Vacation? The Stress of Being Temporarily Laid Off During a Pandemic
Authors: Schieman Scott , Mai Quan , Badawy Philip , Kang Ryu Won
Published: December 2022

A million Canadian workers suddenly became temporarily laid off (TLO) early into the pandemic. How did this affect mental health? Guided by the Stress Process Model (SPM), we would expect that this job disruption should increase psychological distress. However, given the unique context surrounding the early period of the pandemic, we advance the forced vacation hypothesis, which argues that those who became TLO would—at least initially—report lower levels of distress. To address this puzzle, we use a mixed-methods approach combining a national longitudinal survey dataset and in-depth interviews. Our quantitative analyses reveal that individuals who were TLO had lower distress in April 2020 compared with their peers who continued working. Our interviews uncover several potential explanations for these patterns. The findings provide an elaboration to the SPM as the pandemic context altered the meaning of being TLO, making it feel like a “forced vacation”—at least initially.
Tribological and mechanical performances of newly developed eco-epoxy composites incorporating flax fibres and graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Awwad KY Eayal , Yousif BF , Mostafa Ahmad , Alajarmeh Omar , Zeng Xuesen
Published: December 2022

The inclusion of both fibre and solid lubricants into polymers may provide a potential solution to maximise their tribological and mechanical performances. This study investigates the effect of incorporating flax fibres and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinformcements in epoxy matrix composites on their tensile, microhardness and adhesive wear behaviour. Dry adhesive wear experiments were conducted using a block-on-ring (BOR) test rig against a stainless steel ring. Adhesive wear performance was evaluated considering the effect of the volume fraction ( V f) of flax fibre (0, 15, 20 and 25 V f .%) and different weight fractions of GNPs (1.5 and 3 wt.%). Different applied loads in the 15–60 N range, covering the mild and severe wear regions, were used. The worn surfaces were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed that flax fibre potently improved the stiffness and tensile strength of epoxy. Increase in V f of flax fibre showed a positive tendency to improve the wear resistance of epoxy; however, with an insignificant change in the coefficient of friction (COF). More interestingly, heat distortion temperature (HDT) was found to be the main key parameter controlling the wear behaviours of the composites. SEM observations indicated that severe wear signs – including detachment, fragmentation and fibre debonding – were noted when the interface temperature reached the heat distortion temperature of the epoxy. On the other hand, the inclusion of GNPs reduced the interface temperature during sliding as well as the COF of the flax/epoxy composite. Ultimately, incorporation of flax fibres and GNPs enhanced both mechanical and tribological performances of the eco-composites.
Digital Storytelling with Persons Living with Dementia: Elements of Facilitation, Communication, Building Relationships, and Using Technology
Authors: Hollinda Kara , Daum Christine , Rios Rincón Adriana M. , Liu Lili
Published: December 2022

Digital storytelling is a process that can be used to co-create multimedia stories with persons living with dementia to affirm identity, support person-centered care, and leave a legacy. Although digital storytelling typically involves a facilitator, little is known about the co-creation process between a facilitator and persons living with dementia. This study explored and described elements of digital storytelling facilitation with persons living with dementia using a secondary analysis of qualitative data from a primary study that took place across three Canadian cities. Three elements were identified during digital storytelling facilitation with persons living with dementia: communicating, building collaborative relationships, and using technology. Digital storytelling facilitators employ the three elements to weave together a person’s narrative with meaning. The communication, relational, and technological elements of digital storytelling may be employed by facilitators from varying professional backgrounds and lived experiences to create meaningful digital stories for persons living with dementia.
The Impact of the Consistency of Child Witness and Peer Reports on Credibility
Authors: Dykstra Victoria W. , Van der Kant Rachael , Keller Celine E. , Bruer Kaila C. , Price Heather L. , Evans Angela D.
Published: December 2022

Adults’ perceptions of children’s disclosures have important implications for the response to that disclosure. Children who experience adult transgressions, such as maltreatment, often choose to disclose this experience to a peer. Thus, peer disclosure recipients may transmit this disclosure to an adult or provide support for the child’s own disclosure. Despite this, the influence of peer disclosure on a child witness’s credibility, as well as on the perceptions of peer disclosure recipients, is unknown. The present study examined how child witnesses’ and peer disclosure recipients’ credibility is impacted when the peer either confirms or contradicts the witness’s disclosure (or concealment) of an adult transgression. Participants listened to a child witness and peer being interviewed by an adult in one of four disclosure patterns (consistent disclose, consistent conceal, witness disclose/peer conceal, or witness conceal/peer disclose). Participants rated both the witness and the peer on dimensions of credibility (honesty and cognitive competence). Results revealed that both the witness and peer were more credible when their reports were consistent with one another. When inconsistent, the witness/peer who disclosed was considered more credible than the one who concealed. The findings indicate the potential importance of peers in the disclosure process as they may support the witness’s report and even be a credible discloser when the witness is reluctant to disclose.
Perinatal Care for Trans and Nonbinary People Birthing in Heteronormative “Maternity” Services: Experiences and Educational Needs of Professionals
Authors: Pezaro Sally , Crowther Rebecca , Pearce Gemma , Jowett Adam , Godfrey-Isaacs Laura , Samuels Isaac , Valentine Vic
Published: December 2022

Childbearing trans and nonbinary people are confronted with the heteronormative and cisgender frameworks that underpin “maternity” services. We explored the educational needs of 108 perinatal staff in the United Kingdom as related to the needs of trans and nonbinary service users. Participants were most confident in formulating care plans and least confident about the provision of colleagues’ perinatal care in this context. While the majority of participants were positive toward the trans and nonbinary communities, they considered that those communities remain marginalized in perinatal services. Transphobic, anti-trans, and nonbinary attitudes were highlighted by our respondents. Our findings suggest that caregivers witnessed transphobia among colleagues and were apprehensive themselves about providing care to childbearing trans and nonbinary people. They reported a cisheteronormative model of care that lacked awareness of trans and nonbinary issues. The educational needs identified included information about the practicalities of childbearing as a trans or nonbinary person, how to use inclusive language effectively, and creating policies and processes for supporting childbearing trans and nonbinary people. These caregivers’ preferences included hearing from trans and nonbinary people and sharing best practices among themselves, with open discussions about how to be inclusive.
Attributing Values to Devices
Authors: Caspi Avner , Etgar Shir , Kavé Gitit
Published: December 2022

This research examines anthropomorphism by testing the values that people attribute to electronic devices. We ask four main questions: Do people attribute human values to devices; Do devices differ in their value profiles; What underlies the attribution of values to devices; and Do individual and social differences affect these attributions. In Study 1, participants ( N = 265) attributed Schwartz’s 10 basic human values to devices, reported their personal value priorities, as well as the frequency and difficulty in using each device. In Study 2, participants ( N = 231) attributed values to devices, and responses were analyzed by age. Results show that people attribute human values to electronic devices, and that each device has a unique value profile. Anthropomorphizing devices reflects social consensus as to the symbolic meaning of each device, rather than projection of personal values or frequency of device use. Members of social groups share device values and differ from members of other groups.
Sensibilization of a motorcycle simulator to the effects of the roll motion: Modelling and experimental validation
Authors: Di Miceli Denny , Bartolozzi Mirco , Berzi Lorenzo , Savino Giovanni
Published: December 2022

When riding a motorcycle, the applied steering torque and the lateral rider body movement influence its trajectory. Reproducing the effect of body and motorcycle roll on a simulator would improve its realism. However, this goal is still challenging, especially on low-complexity simulators such as the MOVING simulator of the University of Florence. In order to achieve this result, this study defined a control logic to introduce steering effects linked with the mockup passive inclination operated by the rider. The logic computed a roll-related steering input consisting of equivalent steering torque. This contribution was added to that the rider exerted on the handlebar. A validation test with participants revealed improvements over the baseline, roll-insensitive approach, especially in stationary and medium-high speed manoeuvres. Interestingly, the riders unconsciously tended to use larger mockup roll angles as the roll sensitivity increased. The logic was optimised for stationary manoeuvres; however, the subjective feedback provided by the participants indicated a good level of riding realism also during transients. This simple and effective logic opens the way for new methodologies to improve the realism of motorcycle simulators, encouraging their development and use.
A novel control strategy of automatic parallel parking system based on Q-learning
Authors: Zhang Lanjiang , Wu Jian , Liu Congzhi , Chen Lilin , Yan Ning
Published: December 2022

Parallel parking is the most common form of parking, but it is difficult to park vehicles safely in complex traffic scenes. The paper proposed an automatic parallel parking control strategy based on Q-learning. The convergent Q-table was obtained through offline training to ensure that the automatic parking control system could obtain the optimal parking action during the automatic parking process. Based on the parking kinematics model, the virtual parking scene and the parallel parking control strategy based on fuzzy control were established. The comparative analysis of the two control strategies showed that the parallel automatic parking control strategy based on a Q-learning algorithm could deal with more complex traffic scenes. Finally, the automatic parallel parking hardware-in-the-loop test system was built based on a purely electric drive platform, and the effectiveness of the automatic parking control strategy was further verified through the hardware-in-the-loop test.
Application research of electro-hydraulic servo steering system based on independent metering system
Authors: Liu Qihui , Du Heng , Cai Ziyang , Guo Kun , Fang Jinhui
Published: December 2022

Electro-hydraulic servo steering system (EHSSS) is a key technology for heavy vehicles. The traditional EHSSS has high control accuracy but low energy efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel EHSSS based on independent metering system, which can combine high steering accuracy with high energy efficiency. Firstly, two servo-proportional valves are used to reduce the throttling loss at the meter-out orifice. The servo motor pump is used to keep the pump supply pressure at a low value. Then, to ensure high steering accuracy, a position-velocity-pressure combined control strategy is proposed for easy engineering practice. And a smooth switching strategy is proposed to achieve smooth mode switching at high frequency. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments. The experimental comparison results show that the proposed method can achieve the same accuracy as the valve-controlled steering system with less energy, and can realize smooth mode switching.
Additive hazards model with time-varying coefficients and imaging predictors
Authors: Yang Qi , Wang Chuchu , He Haijin , Zhou Xiaoxiao , Song Xinyuan
Published: December 2022

Conventional hazard regression analyses frequently assume constant regression coefficients and scalar covariates. However, some covariate effects may vary with time. Moreover, medical imaging has become an increasingly important tool in screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of various diseases, given its information visualization and quantitative assessment. This study considers an additive hazards model with time-varying coefficients and imaging predictors to examine the dynamic effects of potential scalar and imaging risk factors for the failure of interest. We develop a two-stage approach that comprises the high-dimensional functional principal component analysis technique in the first stage and the counting process-based estimating equation approach in the second stage. In addition, we construct the pointwise confidence intervals for the proposed estimators and provide a significance test for the effects of scalar and imaging covariates. Simulation studies demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed method. An application to the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative study further illustrates the utility of the methodology.
Disease Burden in Patients with von Willebrand Disease Potentially Eligible for Prophylaxis: Post Hoc Analysis of a European Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Du Ping , Morgan George , Brighton Sarah , Sun Shawn X.
Published: December 2022

Recent international guidelines conditionally recommend von Willebrand factor (VWF) prophylaxis for von Willebrand disease (VWD) patients with a history of severe/frequent bleeds. This post hoc analysis of the Cost of VWD Across Europe, a Socioeconomic Study (CVESS; conducted in 2018), assessed patient characteristics and disease burden in patients aged >1 year with congenital VWD not receiving but potentially eligible for prophylaxis based on severe/frequent bleeds, and those receiving prophylaxis in the previous 12 months. Data were collected using medical records and a patient questionnaire. Patients considered potentially prophylaxis-eligible (n = 102) experienced more bleeds than patients receiving prophylaxis (n = 229) and were more likely to be admitted to the hospital due to bleeding events in the prior 12 months. Quality of life and work productivity were similar between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the prophylaxis-eligible group was more likely to have poor joint function and moderate chronic pain than the prophylaxis group. This retrospective study suggests that 1/7 patients not receiving VWF prophylaxis had a higher disease burden than patients receiving prophylaxis and would potentially benefit from prophylaxis.
Exploring NSF-Funded Evaluators’ and Principal Investigators’ Definitions and Measurement of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Authors: Boyce Ayesha S. , Tovey Tiffany L.S. , Onwuka Onyinyechukwu , Moller J.R. , Clark Tyler , Smith Aundrea
Published: December 2022

More evaluators have anchored their work in equity-focused, culturally responsive, and social justice ideals. Although we have a sense of approaches that guide evaluators as to how they should attend to culture, diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), we have not yet established an empirical understanding of how evaluators measure DEI. In this article, we report an examination of how evaluators and principal investigators (PIs) funded by the National Science Foundation's Advanced Technological Education (ATE) program define and measure DEI within their projects. Evaluators gathered the most evidence related to diversity and less evidence related to equity and inclusion. On average, PIs’ projects engaged in activities designed to increase DEI, with the highest focus on diversity. We believe there continues to be room for improvement and implore the movement of engagement with these important topics from the margins to the center of our field's education, theory, and practice.
Stories from the river: thematic analysis of non-Indigenous health students’ free-text survey responses about Australian cultural safety education
Authors: Mills Kyly , Sunderland Naomi , Allen Jyai , Creedy Debra K. , Carter Amanda
Published: December 2022

This article aims to interpret and theorise non-Indigenous health students’ emotional learning experiences within a cultural safety course from an Australian First Peoples’ perspective. All undergraduate health students enrolled in a First Peoples’ health and cultural safety course were invited to complete a post-course online survey. The survey included quantitative items along with six free-text responses about students’ emotional learning experiences. The free-text comments provided by 72 health students are the focus of this article. Drawing upon Kamilaroi Country and the metaphor of the river in drought, flood and when waters become clear, this research provides a synthesis of non-Indigenous health students’ emotions in the cultural safety classroom. Students acknowledged the powerful impact of work undertaken by First Peoples educators in sharing their narratives, creating safe spaces and bearing witness to students’ emotions. The analysis informs an understanding of student learning and recommendations for teaching practice.
Faking it deeply and universally? Media forms and epistemologies of artificial faces and emotions in Japanese and Euro-American contexts
Authors: Bächle Thomas Christian
Published: December 2022

Attempts to visually represent the human face in various media forms have a long history. Fairly recent examples can be found in techniques that are used in animated films and video games (performance capture) or in the controversial phenomenon of “deep fakes”. The article looks at the relationship between faces, the media forms that are used for their representation and simulation and the knowledge that is (re)produced about emotions and their communicative effects. It reveals a peculiar contradiction: the quest to create a synthetic digital face that would be universally recognisable in terms of emotional readability and response homogenises our understanding of emotion while disguising the challenging cultural barriers to this recognisability. The simulated face caters to a two-fold and hence paradoxical aesthetic aspiration that places it between uniqueness and universality.  By elaborating on the somatic, affective dimension of communication via faces, the article compares culturally specific modes of producing and reading emotions. A Euro-American tradition of thought regards them as artefacts, constructed as antagonists of rationality, that can be controlled and objectively modelled and measured. The idea of the face as the locus of emotions, which can be represented in distinct expressions, contrasts with more ambiguous and relational meanings in East Asian, particularly Japanese contexts. The epistemological genealogy of the facial display of emotions, however, does not conform to a clear West/East divide and is at the same time highly interwoven with specific media forms of their representation.  In order to deepen this dynamic understanding of artificial faces, the article looks at different examples of Japanese traditions and art forms. Examples such as portraiture and photography, the subtle illusions created in Nō theatre and the less subtle ones evoked by robotic faces shed a light on the complex meanings but also the affective reactions to artificial faces.
Stress–strain-based crack damage detection of composite structures using selective kernel convolutional networks and continuous wavelet transform
Authors: Chen Zhipeng , Zhu Haiping , Wu Jun , Fan Liangzhi , Zhang Zheng
Published: December 2022

Composite structures are widely used due to their excellent performance. To improve their safety and reliability, non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are implemented to achieve efficient damage detection. In this paper, a novel stress–strain-based damage detection approach is proposed for composite structures by using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and selective kernel convolutional network (SKNet), which exhibit good robustness when dealing with the stress–strain signals collected from different positions of composite structures. First, a stress–strain-based measuring scheme is designed for vibration response monitoring of the composite structures. Second, the collected stress–strain signals are converted into two-dimensional time–frequency images by the CWT. Then, the SKNet is constructed to classify these images for damage detection. Finally, an experimental test is conducted on a composite capsule, data from which is employed to evaluate the proposed method. The comparison results of our proposed method and other state-of-the-art approaches demonstrate its superiority.
Adrenal nodules for the non-specialist: What to look out for and when to refer
Authors: Graveling Alex J , Abraham Prakash
Published: December 2022

Almost all medical specialities utilise cross-sectional imaging of the abdomen to evaluate many different medical conditions. This ever-increasing use of cross-sectional imaging has led to a dramatic increase in the detection rate of adrenal nodules. Following appropriate biochemical and radiological evaluation, the vast majority of these are shown to be benign adrenal adenomas. A small minority are diagnosed with a functional or malignant lesion that may result in significant morbidity and mortality requiring specialist management.
Dying Like a Dog
Authors: Rinaldi David George
Published: December 2022

Discussion surrounding the terminal care of an individual hospice patient. This includes the patient’s reflections, his dissatisfaction, from his perspective, with inadequate end-of-life care, and his thoughts on assisted suicide. The author also discusses the spiritual aspects of this unusual encounter.
The Importance of Timing, Fundamental Attitudes, and Appropriate Interventions as Key Aspects of Chaplain Suicide Prevention: A European Expert Panel of Mental Health Chaplains
Authors: Saliba Serena Margaret , Fält Birgitta , O'Connell David , Sjöberg Thomas , Sørensen Ulla Britt Holm , Steegen Martijn , Turner Josh , Vandenhoeck Anne
Published: December 2022

An expert panel consisting of six mental health chaplains from several European countries was convened to ascertain the specific contribution of mental health chaplains to suicide prevention, and to generate good practices for suicide prevention. Three themes emerged: (1) the importance of timing; (2) fundamental attitudes of the chaplain towards the patient, and (3) appropriate interventions.
Ultrasonographic study of the effects of compressive stockings on legs with venous edema
Authors: Caggiati Alberto
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The occurrence of leg edema in patients with chronic venous disease (CVD) is currently evaluated by visual inspection, palpation, and measurement of limb circumference. The changes of soft tissues morphology in swollen legs have been poorly investigated by ultrasonography (US) in the past. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of medical compression stockings (MCS) on the US morphology of the cutaneous and subcutaneous layers (CL and SCL, respectively) in legs with venous edema.

Methods

The morphology of the cutaneous and subcutaneous layers (CL and SCL) was evaluated by US in 18 swollen legs with chronic venous disorders (CVD), before and after 4 weeks of treatment with MCS. Skin morphology was evaluated by using an 8–14 MHz probe with a dedicated setting, 5 cm above the medial malleolus.

Results

MCS provoked both quantitative and qualitative changes. A reduction of CL/SCL thickness greater than 20% was observed in 16/18 legs. A reduction of the SCL echogenicity was observed in 14/18 legs. Nine out of 12 legs which showed abnormalities of the CL before treatment showed a structural rearrangement of the dermis and the reappearing of the dermo–hypodermic junction.

Conclusions

The reduction of the SCL thickness is to be ascribed to the increase of veno-lymphatic drainage promoted by MCS. The reduction of tissue echogenicity by MCS is a quite innovative concept and it is suggestive for an anti-inflammatory action of MCS on skin tissues.
The unseen, the seen, and the spoken: Latent and overt priming in cyclic picture naming
Authors: Hambric Channing E , O’Séaghdha Pádraig G
Published: December 2022

Language production entails selecting words in the face of internally, and sometimes externally, driven competition that influences the long-term accessibility of both selected words and competitors. Because both endogenous and externally presented competitors usually result in semantic interference, it is often assumed that they engage the same underlying processes. We question this assumption. Specifically, we propose that latent primes may more naturally commingle with endogenous lexical activation whereas overt primes elicit strong control processes. Two experiments examined the effects of latent (masked) and overt (picture–word) priming in combination with cyclic picture naming of small sets of taxonomically or thematically related or unrelated pictures. A subsequent continuous picture naming phase was designed to assess enduring effects of service as a prime or target. Only taxonomic relations showed substantial interference in cyclic naming. Latent priming tended to increase interference for taxonomic relations, but it produced facilitation for thematic relations. In contrast, overt priming induced interference for both types of relation, indicating exertion of cognitive control. In the continuous picture naming phases, accessibility was hindered for previously presented latent primes (Experiment 1) but enhanced for previously overt primes (Experiment 2). Surprisingly, interference in cyclic naming did not carry forward to the continuous phase. These findings suggest that masked priming may be a viable intervention in the internal dynamics of lexical selection. In contrast, they also add to the body of evidence questioning the validity of using picture–word procedures to study inherent semantic interference.
Lived multidirectionality: “Historikerstreit 2.0” and the politics of Holocaust memory
Authors: Rothberg Michael
Published: December 2022

This essay assesses the acrimonious debates about Holocaust memory that took place in Germany in 2020–2021 and that have come to be known as Historikerstreit 2.0. These debates call up older controversies, especially the 1986 Historikerstreit (Historians’ Debate) in which Jürgen Habermas took on conservative historians who sought to relativize the Nazi genocide. The Historikerstreit concerned the relation between Nazi and Stalinist crimes and the question of German responsibility for the Holocaust; today’s controversies involve instead the relation between colonialism and the Holocaust and racism and antisemitism as well as the ongoing crisis in Israel/Palestine. As the current debates reveal, the dominant Holocaust memory regime in Germany is based on an absolutist understanding of the Holocaust’s uniqueness and a rejection of multidirectional approaches to the genocide. While that memory regime represented a major societal accomplishment of the 1980s and 1990s, it has reached its limits in Germany’s “postmigrant” present. Yet, as an example of migrant engagement with the Holocaust illustrates, German society already includes alternative practices of memory that could transform the German model of coming to terms with the past in productive ways.
Far-right anniversary politics and social media: The Alternative for Germany’s contestation of the East German past on Twitter
Authors: Richardson-Little Ned , Merrill Samuel , Arlaud Leah
Published: December 2022

This article examines how the German radical-right populist party the Alternative for Germany ( Alternative für Deutschland) and its politicians have engaged with the public memory of the East German past via Twitter and how this has impacted the use of social media as a tool of political commemoration in Germany. The article analyses the mnemonic wars over ‘anniversary tweets’ related to four events: the East German Uprising (1953); the construction (1961) and fall (1989) of the Berlin Wall; and German reunification (1990). The article surveys when and how Twitter became a platform for these events’ political commemoration and the role of the Alternative für Deutschland therein. It also outlines the mnemonic discourses that the Alternative für Deutschland has deployed on Twitter around these events’ anniversaries and explores the sorts of digital contestation and transnationalization evident at these times.
Incommensurable worlds, irreparable wounds: Transitional justice politics and personal violent pasts in postconflict Peru
Authors: Ulfe María Eugenia , Málaga Sabogal Ximena
Published: December 2022

Reparation programmes in transitional justice processes imply that there are ways to repair social bonds, to dignify victims of violence, to reconstitute what is lost. But how does losing a relative translate into the twists and turns of a state social programme? Based on ethnographic research in the Peruvian Andes and the life history of a daughter of a Shining Path leader, this article explores the ways in which transitional justice discourses get translated into specific national reparation policies embedded in a series of mnemonic wars. These mnemonic wars imply different levels of confrontation, and invisibilization of subjects and citizenships.
Memory, counter-memory and denialism: How search engines circulate information about the Holodomor-related memory wars
Authors: Makhortykh Mykola , Urman Aleksandra , Ulloa Roberto
Published: December 2022

Search engines, such as Google or Yandex, shape social reality by informing their users about current and historical phenomena. However, there is little research on how search engines deal with contested memories, which are subjected to ontological conflicts known as memory wars. In this article, we investigate how search engines circulate information about memory wars related to the Holodomor, a mass famine caused by Soviet repressive politics in Ukraine in 1932–1933. For this aim, we conduct an agent-based audit of four search engines—Bing, DuckDuckGo, Google, and Yandex—and examine how their top search results represent the Holodomor and related memory wars. Our findings demonstrate that search engines prioritize interpretations of the Holodomor aligning with specific sides in the memory wars, thus becoming memory warriors themselves.
Explosive aftermaths: Reassembling transnational memory- and policyscapes of victims and terrorism in the United Kingdom
Authors: McQuaid Sara Dybris
Published: December 2022

This article discusses how multilevel ‘policyscapes’ and complex temporalities of ‘memoryscapes’ are assembled to reshape the categories and dynamics of terrorism and victimhood in the context of the United Kingdom. It specifically examines a case where unionist politicians from Northern Ireland are seeking to realign memory – and policyscapes through integrating diverging transnational policy narratives on victims and terrorism in debates on the Libyan Asset Freeze Bill in the UK Houses of Parliament. It is argued that these particular parliamentary interventions work to transcend the parameters of a peace process which otherwise prevent unionists from asserting a particular interpretation of conflict in Northern Ireland. Repositioning Northern Ireland in relation to the contemporary ‘War on Terror’ allows them to reassemble a bounded British mnemonic community. Theoretically, the article sets out a framework for an empirical study of memory – and policyscapes that conceptualizes dimensions of transnationalism as both intra-state and interstate dynamics.
Memory conflicts and memory grey zones: War memory in Bosnia–Herzegovina between public memory disputes, literary narratives and personal experience
Authors: Andersen Tea Sindbæk , Borčak Fedja Wierød
Published: December 2022

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, memories of the 1990s war remain hugely divided on political and institutional levels, constituting what we may think of as a mnemonic war. Interview-based qualitative research shows that people in Bosnia on the individual level tend to follow the dominant narrative of their own group, yet, when challenged on these viewpoints, may also admit that other narratives and different truths may exist. Indeed, this research seems to propose the existence of a memorial grey zone where more open understanding and recognition of other positions is possible. Thus, while memory politics and memory institutionalization are rigidly opposed, other types of memory mediation may challenge the ethnic divisions of the memory landscape, opening up a memorial grey zone. In this article, we study the individual reception of literary works written by Bosnian émigré writers, asking how readers interact with established yet fluid memory discourses in Bosnia. Using focus groups as an interviewing method, we explore how the texts are perceived and discussed by lay readers in the two political entities, the Bosniak–Croat Federation and Republika Srpska. We are particularly interested in how readers make sense of the memory accounts in the texts, and how this relates to personal experiences and official memory narratives within each of the two entities. We argue that the reading and discussions of literary war memories allow for complex negotiations between personal and official ‘group’ narratives, opening a memorial grey zone that transcends the sharp divisions dominating memory politics in Bosnia and creates space for alternative memory positions.
Assessing need for advance imaging among children with back pain using pain intensity as clinical marker
Authors: Olivella Gerardo , Deliz-Jimenez David , Lindsay Eduardo , Burgos-Rossy Edwin , Torres-Acevedo Natalia , Ramírez-Roggio Daniela , Benítez-Gándara Graciela , Ramírez Norman
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

Pediatric back pain evaluation nowadays relies on patient history, physical examination, and plain radiographs to identify underlying pathologies. Constant pain, night pain, radicular pain, and abnormal neurological examination were previously recommended as clinical markers to assess the need for magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. Recent studies have challenged the use of these clinical markers, recommending further studies. This study aimed to assess pain intensity as a predictor of underlying magnetic resonance imaging pathology in children with back pain.

Methods:

An observational cross-sectional study of pediatric patients between 8 and 17 years with back pain for more than 4 weeks from 2009 to 2021 was conducted. A whole spine magnetic resonance imaging was performed on patients with back pain without an identifiable cause and no prior spine treatment. The numerical rating scale questionnaire was administered to each patient, and answers were divided into three groups: mild (1–3), moderate (4–6), and severe (7–10) numerical rating scale score. Student’s t-test and chi-square analysis were used to correlate differences between continuous and categorical values, respectively.

Results:

Of 590 patients (70% female and a mean age of 15.25 years), there were 35.1% of patients had a magnetic resonance imaging underlying pathology. No association was found between severe numerical rating scale score and the presence of underlying MRI pathology (p = 0.666). Patients with low or moderate numerical rating scale scores had similar associations to an underlying magnetic resonance imaging pathology as patients with a severe numerical rating scale score (p = 0.256; p = 0.357, respectively).

Conclusions:

Back pain intensity was not found to be an effective clinical marker for predicting underlying magnetic resonance imaging pathology in pediatric patients with back pain.
Current Evidence for the Management of Edentulous Atrophic Mandible Fractures: A PRISMA-SWiM Guided Review
Authors: Bera Rathindra N. , Tiwari Preeti
Published: December 2022

Study Design

PRISMA-SWiM guided systematic review.

Objective

1. Provide consistent evidence regarding the management of atrophic mandible fractures; 2. To search, evaluate and validate existing guidelines if any for the management; 3. Provide evidence regarding specific management of condylar fractures in the atrophic mandible; 4. To address the clinical applicability of bone grafts.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA-SWiM protocol. PROSPERO ID: CRD42021235111. Studies with adequate data on outcome, treatment methods were selected. Isolated case reports, case series, and non-human studies were excluded. Quality assessment was done using Newcastle -Ottawa scale. The level of evidence was assessed using Oxford Level of Evidence.

Results

Mandibular body was the most common type of fracture. Self falls and RTA were the most common etiologies. Condylar fracture was most commonly managed conservatively with ORIF employed in few studies. For the mandible compression and non-compression osteosynthesis were used. Bone grafts were used in cases with segmental defects or cases requiring augmentation.

Conclusions

There is lack of proper evidence to definitely conclude any single treatment modality. However, the consensus is towards ORIF. Reconstruction plates are preferred by many authors. However, unilateral fractures may be managed by miniplates. Bilateral fractures require more rigid fixations. Open reduction and internal fixation of condylar fracture is indicated in cases with displacement or low-level fractures.
Half-(head)way there: Comparing two methods to account for public transport waiting time in accessibility indicators
Authors: Stewart Anson F , Byrd Andrew M
Published: December 2022

Various methods have been developed to account for travel time variability and uncertainty when analyzing public transport networks and computing related accessibility indicators. In this paper, we establish some convergence characteristics of one such method, implemented in the R5 routing engine, yielding guidelines for the minimum number of randomized schedules. This parameter has implications for result stability, analysis turnaround time, and computation costs. We also confirm that for travel time and accessibility results, there are spatially varying differences between our method and the conventional method relying on the assumption of half-headway waiting times. The conventional method appears to understate the benefits of transit in certain locations, particularly those served by multiple lines. Researchers and planning practitioners may find the R5 method preferable when analyzing complex networks or comparing transit scenarios where routes are specified in terms of headways or frequencies, rather than complete schedules with exact departure times for each trip.
Economic Aspect of Implementing Green HR Practices for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Prakash A. Shanker , Gupta Anurag Kumar , Kaur Simranjeet
Published: December 2022

Companies now have been more aware of the increasing necessity of integrating environmental and human resources management practices. Green human resource management (GHRM) uses human resource management (HRM) strategies to foster sustainable resource usage in corporate organisations and advances the issues of environmental sustainability through disruptive technologies. To foster the implementation of GHRM uniformly throughout industries across the world could only reflect the marginal impact on environmental sustainability. The purpose of the research article is to identify whether the adoption of GHRM in the organisation brought behavioural change among employees towards organisational commitment that could lead environmental sustainability. The study is conducted amongst different public and private sector banks in the Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh, India, through primary data collection of 330 respondents. For analysing the adoptability of green behaviour amongst employees in the organisation, we have adopted structural equation modelling to examine the employee’s commitment. The test result of the above tool of studying the four different latent variables leads us to conclude that path analysis and load factor exhibited stronger relationship through post-moderating effect, that is, latent variables lead towards green commitment. This leads us to conclude that organisations are trying to get environmental sustainability through GHRM practices, which in turn gives them a status of an environmentally sensitive organisation as well as some edge in this competitive environment. As a policy government is also expecting from organisations to develop themselves as environmentally sensitive by providing impetus of employee’s commitment.
Efficacy of postoperative analgesia with duloxetine in posthemorrhoidectomy pain: a prospective, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Gerber Marlus Tavares , Lyra Humberto Fenner , Erdmann Thomas Rolf , Bomfati Fernanda , Gaspareto Patrick Barcelos , de Oliveira Filho Getúlio Rodrigues
Published: December 2022

Background

To evaluate the effect of duloxetine when added to a multimodal analgesia regimen on posthemorrhoidectomy pain, opioid consumption, and side effects.

Methods

Prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. This study included 62 patients who underwent hemorrhoidectomy. The patients were randomly assigned to receive oral duloxetine 60 mg or placebo 2 h before and 24 h after surgery. The primary outcomes were pain intensity - measured on an 11-point visual analog pain scale - and cumulative morphine consumption at 12, 24, and 48 postoperative hours.

Results

Fifty-two patients completed the study (25 in the duloxetine group and 27 in the placebo group). Pain scores did not differ between duloxetine and placebo: 4.5; 3.0 – 7.0 vs. 5.0; 3.5 – 7.0, p = 0.68 at 12 h, 3.0; 2.0 – 5.0 vs. 3.0; 2.0 – 5.0, p = 0.56 at 24 h, and 2.5; 1.75 – 3.75 vs. 1.5; 0.5 – 3, p = 0.08 at 48 h. Further, cumulative morphine consumption did not differ between the duloxetine and placebo groups: 4; 1.25 – 10.75 mg vs. 7; 1.0 – 12.0 mg, p = 0.68 at 12 h, 9.5; 2.0 – 17.5 mg vs. 8.0; 4.0 – 18.0 mg; p = 0.80 at 24 h, and 11.0; 2.0 – 27.0 mg vs. 10; 4.0 – 24.0 mg, p = 0.78 at 48 h. Side effects did not differ between the groups.

Conclusions

Compared with placebo, duloxetine did not decrease pain intensity or morphine consumption during the first 48 h postoperatively.

Trial registration

The study was retrospectively registered on the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (identifier: RBR-9pdgms, registration date: 08/10/2020).