bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of plastic blends made from mixed plastics waste of different sources
Authors: Turku Irina , Kärki Timo , Rinne Kimmo , Puurtinen Ari
Published: November 2016

This paper studies the recyclability of construction and household plastic waste collected from local landfills. Samples were processed from mixed plastic waste by injection moulding. In addition, blends of pure plastics, polypropylene and polyethylene were processed as a reference set. Reference samples with known plastic ratio were used as the calibration set for quantitative analysis of plastic fractions in recycled blends. The samples were tested for the tensile properties; scanning electron microscope–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used for elemental analysis of the blend surfaces and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was used for the quantification of plastics contents.
Internal Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm and Ischemic Stroke Secondary to Retropharyngeal and Parapharyngeal Abscess
Authors: Ruff Michael W. , Nasr Deena M. , Klaas James P. , Renaud Deborah L.
Published: November 2016

Internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon complication of retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess in children. Treatment of the pseudoaneurysm has evolved in recent years from surgical ligation to endovascular techniques. Neurologic sequelae most commonly consist of Horner’s syndrome with cerebral ischemia being uncommon. The clinical course of a 2-year-old boy with retropharyngeal abscess complicated by internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm, is described and the literature is reviewed. A conventional angiogram confirmed the presence of a large pseudoaneurysm with no anterograde flow distal to the pseudoaneurysm and substantial collateral flow across the circle of Willis, with filling of the left anterior and middle cerebral arteries via the anterior and posterior communicating arteries. Endovascular occlusion resulted in nonfilling of the left internal carotid artery, pseudoaneurysm, and left internal jugular vein at the base of the skull. Following the procedure, the patient developed transient mild right hemiparesis associated with frontal lobe ischemia.
Intersectional Challenges
Authors: Leung Lai-ching
Published: November 2016

Intersectionality is a useful approach to understand the marginalization of ethnic minority (EM) sexual assault survivors. By using this approach, we are able to recognize the interplay and complexity between gender, class, and race that give rise to the inequality and oppression that experienced by EM women in Hong Kong. Findings of the study show that rape myths, gender-role perception, religion, kinship pressure, language barriers, citizenship, and immigration policy have constituted interlocking factors that shape the victim identity of EM sexual assault survivors.
The Effects of Guided Video Analysis on Teacher Candidates’ Reflective Ability and Instructional Skills
Authors: Nagro Sarah A. , deBettencourt Laurie U. , Rosenberg Michael S. , Carran Deborah T. , Weiss Margaret P.
Published: November 2016

Internships are central to teacher preparation, but many novice teachers do not feel such student teaching experiences prepared them for teaching realities. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to understand the effects of guiding teacher candidates through common video-recording and self-reflection activities during student teaching internships to determine whether such activities improve teacher candidates’ reflective abilities and instructional skills. Thirty-six teacher candidates with similar prior experience were divided into two groups. Both groups participated in semester long internships where candidates video-recorded their instruction 4 times and wrote four corresponding reflections. Treatment group candidates ( n = 17) also received directed guidance and feedback to supplement video analysis procedures. Both groups self-reported significant improvements in their teaching ability, but only the treatment group demonstrated significant growth in reflective ability and instructional skills over time. Addressing challenges in special education teacher preparation research as well as possible future directions are discussed.
Optimal resonance-based signal sparse decomposition and its application to fault diagnosis of rotating machinery
Authors: Zhang Dingcheng , Yu Dejie , Li Xing
Published: November 2016

The fault diagnosis of rotating machinery is quite important for the security and reliability of the overall mechanical equipment. As the main components in rotating machinery, the gear and the bearing are the most vulnerable to faults. In actual working conditions, there are two common types of faults in rotating machinery: the single fault and the compound fault. However, both of them are difficult to detect in the incipient stage because the weak fault characteristic signals are usually submerged by strong background noise, thus increasing the difficulty of the weak fault feature extraction. In this paper, a novel decomposition method, optimal resonance-based signal spares decomposition, is applied for the detection of those two types of faults in the rotating machinery. This method is based on the resonance-based signal spares decomposition, which can nonlinearly decompose vibration signals of rotating machinery into the high and the low resonance components. To extract the weak fault characteristic signals in the presence of strong noise effectively, the genetic algorithm is used to obtain the optimal decomposition parameters. Then, the optimal high and low resonance components, which include the fault characteristic signals of rotating machinery, can be obtained by using the resonance-based signal spares decomposition method with the optimal decomposition parameters. Finally, the high and the low resonance components are subject to the Hilbert transform demodulation analysis; the faults of rotating machinery can be diagnosed based on the obtained envelop spectra. The optimal resonance-based signal spares decomposition method is successfully applied to the analysis of the simulation and experiment vibration signals. The analysis results demonstrate that the proposed method can successfully extract the fault features in rotating machinery.
Out of Amazonia: Late-Holocene climate change and the Tupi–Guarani trans-continental expansion
Authors: Iriarte José , Smith Richard J , Gregorio de Souza Jonas , Mayle Francis Edward , Whitney Bronwen S , Cárdenas Macarena Lucia , Singarayer Joy , Carson John F , Roy Shovonlal , Valdes Paul
Published: November 2016

The late-Holocene expansion of the Tupi–Guarani languages from southern Amazonia to SE South America constitutes one of the largest expansions of any linguistic family in the world, spanning ~4000 km between latitudes 0°S and 35°S at about 2.5k cal. yr BP. However, the underlying reasons for this expansion are a matter of debate. Here, we compare continental-scale palaeoecological, palaeoclimate and archaeological datasets, to examine the role of climate change in facilitating the expansion of this forest-farming culture. Because this expansion lies within the path of the South American Low-Level Jet, the key mechanism for moisture transport across lowland South America, we were able to explore the relationship between climate change, forest expansion and the Tupi–Guarani. Our data synthesis shows broad synchrony between late-Holocene increasing precipitation and southerly expansion of both tropical forest and Guarani archaeological sites – the southernmost branch of the Tupi–Guarani. We conclude that climate change likely facilitated the agricultural expansion of the Guarani forest-farming culture by increasing the area of forested landscape that they could exploit, showing a prime example of ecological opportunism.
New radiocarbon evidence on early rice consumption and farming in South China
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Wang Weiwei , Zhuang Yijie , Li Zhao , Ma Zhikun , Ma Yongchao , Cui Yong , Wei Jun , Fuller Dorian Q
Published: November 2016

While the possibility of indigenous rice cultivation cannot be entirely ruled out, there is increasing evidence suggesting that rice farming was introduced to South China during the late-Holocene. However, determination of the exact timing of the spread of rice farming to South China is fraught with the lack of reliable radiocarbon dates. In this article, we present 15 new AMS 14C dates of charred plant remains recovered from late-Holocene sites of Shixia and Guye in Guangdong Province of South China. Our new AMS 14C dates suggest a later arrival of rice farming in the Pearl River Delta than previously thought. These new AMS 14C dates will shed new lights to an improved understanding of the environmental background and ecology of the southward spread of rice farming.
Interpreting modern and fossil pollen data along a steep environmental gradient in northern Patagonia
Authors: Iglesias Virginia , Quintana Flavia , Nanavati William , Whitlock Cathy
Published: November 2016

Vegetation reconstructions rest on modern vegetation–pollen rain relationships and deductive reasoning. Establishing this relationship is a nontrivial task because differences among pollen assemblages are not necessarily proportional to differences in vegetation. This task is particularly challenging in Patagonia, where some tree taxa have indistinguishable pollen, and pollen grains can be transported long distances. In this study, we describe the modern pollen of 48 lake and wetland samples from northern Patagonia (40.5–44°S) to better discriminate the major vegetation zones of the region through pollen analysis. Specifically, we focus on the performance of three methodological approaches, namely, pollen indicators, classification trees, and optimal thresholds of dissimilarity. As a proof of concept, we use the modern pollen–vegetation relationships to reconstruct the vegetation history at Laguna el Trébol (41.07°S; 71.5°W). Our results revealed that (1) pollen sums exceeding 260 grains ensured replicable vegetation reconstructions, (2) modern vegetation zones could not be separated solely by visual inspection of their pollen spectra, (3) the classification tree and optimal thresholds of dissimilarity permitted discrimination of most vegetation zones, (4) detection of nonanalog communities required use of pollen indicators or optimal thresholds of dissimilarity, and (5) vegetation at L. el Trébol was likely dominated by late glacial shrubland with no modern analogs in the study area (15,000–12,180 cal. yr BP), modern shrubland (12,180–6500 cal. yr BP) and mixed forest (6500 cal. yr BP–present). This study allows a more realistic understanding of the pollen–vegetation relationship and provides new tools for interpreting past vegetation in northern Patagonia.
The disengaged in science communication: How not to count audiences and publics
Authors: Burns Maureen , Medvecky Fabien
Published: November 2016

In this article, we suggest that three concepts from cultural and media studies might be useful for analysing the ways audiences are constructed in science communication: that media are immanent to society, media are multiple and various, and audiences are active. This article uses those concepts, along with insights from Science and Technology Studies (STS), to examine the category of ‘the disengaged’ within science communication. This article deals with the contrast between ‘common sense’ and scholarly ideas of media and audiences in the field of cultural and media studies. It compares the ‘common sense’ with scholarly ideas of science publics from STS. We conclude that it may be time to reconsider the ontology of publics and the disengaged for science communication.
‘Abandonment’ and the acquisition of property rights in separated human biomaterials
Authors: Maddox Neil
Published: November 2016

This article offers a critique of the concept of ‘abandonment’ when utilized in relation to separated human biomaterials. In the absence of the recognition of even limited property rights in the human source of such materials, the author contends that utilizing abandonment is meaningless and misleading. Absurd consequences need not result from recognition of such rights and indeed most cases of purported abandonment of human tissue are more akin to voluntary transfers. Describing such transfers in terms of abandonment obscures questions as to the agency and the scope of the fiduciary duties of medical professionals and researchers. Income rights in such materials are more appropriately determined as normative questions as to who should benefit from windfall wealth in human biomaterials, not by reference to abandonment. An alternative framework that recognized that the source of human tissue had limited property rights in it would solve many of the conceptual difficulties outlined.
The EU-Quarter as a political place: Investigating fluid assemblages in EU policy making
Authors: Kortelainen Jarmo , Koeppen Bernhard
Published: November 2016

We focus on the European Quarter in Brussels as a political place and the spatial context of European Union (EU) policy making. In addition to the EU institutions, the political place consists of a political agglomeration of various kinds of actors, from EU bureaucrats and politicians to a variety of stakeholders and lobbyists from all over the EU, who are permanently present in the Brussels neighbourhood. We present, firstly, the EU Quarter as a fixed setting for policy making with a relatively constant physical, locational and functional shape, and a specific sense of place as the EU bubble. Secondly, we emphasise the fragmentation and fluidity that portray it as a place divided into various political assemblages that make the place an assemblage of assemblages consisting of smaller and constantly evolving sub-processes. Thirdly, we aim to demonstrate the mobile and geographically distributed nature of EU policy making, and thus the dispersal of the political places where it takes place. This generates mobility of different kinds, which include not only the circulation of political ideas and people between different sites of the EU political system, but also the monthly migration of the Parliament and related lobbyists to Strasbourg. We believe that these three aspects of political place help the understanding of the situated but simultaneously spatially dispersed and mobile nature of EU policy making, and the study of the political places in other urban contexts.
Inter-subjectivity in Instant Messaging Interactions
Authors: Kulkarni Dipti
Published: November 2016

This research studies participants’ self-repair practices in instant messaging (IM) interactions. IM is an online forum that allows two people to converse with each other through the exchange of text messages. Same turn, self-repair practices in IM are particularly interesting because here the message composition experience is uniquely poised between the written and oral contexts of communication. The composition is private and textual yet it is for an immediate audience. Drawing on the comparative approach used by Drew, Walker and Ogden (2013), the analysis compares the initial and final versions of participants’ messages and observes the repair operations they perform (Schegloff, 2013), the technology used to effect the repair and the actions thereby achieved. The data used for this research comprise 15 chats between 30 participants. The initial versions of the messages were recorded using a key logging software and these were compared with the final versions retrieved from the chat logs. A total of 671 messages were analyzed to study the ways in which participants self-repair their messages to design turns that are best suited for particular interactional needs. The analysis suggests that the repair operations that IM participants perform are not very different from their oral counterparts and include replacing, inserting, adding, deleting, aborting, searching and sequence jumping. IM participants engage in such repair to achieve significant actions such as upgrading or downgrading their claims, displaying sensitivity to epistemic authority, searching for the right referent amongst others. Besides issues related to turn design, self-repair in IM is used for another crucial function: to address trouble arising out of sequential placement of messages and to construct messages that are most appropriate for an ever-changing semantic environment.
Sustainability as an Identity Construct: (Re)Crafting Organizational Identification for Organizational Immigrants
Authors: Dutta Debalina
Published: November 2016

The study attempts to understand the complexities of identification in situations when broader organizational and institutional discourses actively challenge the skills and expertise of organizational members who are minorities, arguing that a lens of sustainability allows greater understanding of the ongoing processes at stake, rather than achieving a static outcome. By studying international female graduate engineering students, the paper examines the intersections of gender and foreignness which lie at the root of the nature of identification with the engineering profession. Analysis of data from interviews and focus groups involving 49 participants reveals that the members face barriers which create tensions regarding linkages with the organization and the broader engineering profession, which in turn threaten their engineering identities. Additional analysis shows that the members communicatively reconfirm and recombine their identities, drawing from alternate non-organizational resources which help the members sustain themselves in the organization. The findings extend our understanding of organizational identity, capitalizing on member identification and diversity through the mobilization and utilization of organizational and non-organizational resources in the organizations.
Development of a Culturally Competent Service to Improve Academic Functioning for Latino Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Methodological Considerations
Authors: Bava Laura , Johns Alexis , Freyer David R. , Ruccione Kathleen
Published: November 2016

Many survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) develop neurocognitive deficits that compromise academic functioning, especially in the presence of sociodemographic risk factors. The extent to which these risk factors coexist for Latino ALL survivors is not well described, but with shifts in U.S. demographics and improved survival in ALL, culturally competent interventions are needed. The Achieving Best Cognitive Successes after Cancer service was designed and implemented by a team representing nursing, medicine, psychology, and social work. Service components include neurocognitve assessment and individualized intervention for treatment-related risks and improving academic success for school-aged ALL survivors. Interventions are child-focused and parent-directed, recognizing that parents are major sources of support and advocates for their children within school systems. The service was designed to be culturally appropriate for the predominantly Latino patient population at our center, based on (1) linguistic competency of children and parents; (2) multicultural and ecological considerations for urban, low socioeconomic status, and migrant populations; (3) literacy barriers; and (4) contextual factors. This report describes methodological considerations and practice implications relevant to the design and implementation of similar culturally competent services for Latino pediatric cancer survivors.
Sharing for Health: A Study of Chinese Adolescents’ Experiences and Perspectives on Using Social Network Sites to Share Health Information
Authors: Zhang Ni , Teti Michele , Stanfield Kellie , Campo Shelly
Published: November 2016

Purpose: This exploratory qualitative study examines Chinese adolescents’ health information sharing habits on social network sites. Method: Ten focus group meetings with 76 adolescents, ages 12 to 17 years, were conducted at community-based organizations in Chicago’s Chinatown. The research team transcribed the recording and analyzed the transcripts using ATLAS.ti. Results: Chinese adolescents are using different social network sites for various topics of health information including food, physical activity, and so on. Adolescents would share useful and/or interesting health information. Many adolescents raised credibility concerns regarding health information and suggested evaluating the information based on self-experience or intuition, word-of-mouth, or information online. Conclusion: The findings shed lights on future intervention using social network sites to promote health among Chinese adolescents in the United States. Implications for Practice: Future interventions should provide adolescents with interesting and culturally sensitive health information and educate them to critically evaluate health information on social network sites.
How Does Leader Other-Emotion Appraisal Influence Employees? The Multilevel Dual Affective Mechanisms
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Yucheng , Liu Chih-Hsing (Sam)
Published: November 2016

This research explores the multilevel dual-mediation processes related to how leader other-emotion appraisal impacts employee turnover intention. Using a Taiwanese sample of 197 employees and their leaders in 64 work teams, the results revealed that leader other-emotion appraisal was positively related to leader positive emotion display and employee satisfaction with the leader. Moreover, employee satisfaction with the leader significantly mediated the relationship between leader other-emotion appraisal and employee turnover intention. Implications for theory and practice were outlined, and limitations and directions for future research were discussed.
Clarence Borel
Authors: Reinstein Linda , Bersin Bridget
Published: November 2016

Borel v. Fibreboard Paper Products Corporation is the 1973 landmark case that paved the way for successful litigation against the asbestos industry. Clarence Borel’s granddaughter shares recollections of the reluctant man behind the court case.
Application of the Müller–Liu entropy principle to gradient-damage models in the thermo-elastic case
Authors: Wolff Michael , Böhm Michael , Altenbach Holm
Published: November 2016

A general damage-gradient model is developed within the framework of continuum mechanics, using balance relations. As a new item, a balance relation for totally damaged material is introduced, leading to a partial differential equation for the damage variable. The obtained model is evaluated using the Müller–Liu approach, yielding necessary and sufficient conditions for thermodynamic consistency. The widely spread damage model with a scalar damage variable is obtained as a special case of the general model considered here. As a special case, we deal with a thermo-elastic material, avoiding splitting of the strain as well as introduction of internal variables connected with inelastic behaviour.
Total energy equivalence in constitutive modeling of multidissipative materials
Authors: Egner Halina , Ryś Maciej
Published: November 2016

In the present work, the total energy equivalence hypothesis was applied in constitutive modeling of engineering materials. The approach originally developed for damaged materials, was extended to modeling not only damage but also other dissipative phenomena, like phase transformation, in a consistent manner. The proposed model was examined by means of parametric studies to show its ability to reflect different experimentally observed features of real materials.
Comparison of Clinical Factors Between Patients With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor–Induced Angioedema and Cough
Authors: Hallberg Pär , Nagy Julia , Karawajczyk Malgorzata , Nordang Leif , Islander Gunilla , Norling Pia , Johansson Hans-Erik , Kämpe Mary , Hugosson Svante , Yue Qun-Ying , Wadelius Mia
Published: November 2016

Background: Angioedema is a rare and serious adverse drug reaction (ADR) to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor treatment. Dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors and has been identified as a possible risk factor for angioedema. Objective: We compared characteristics between patients with ACE inhibitor–induced angioedema and cough with the aim of identifying risk factors that differ between these adverse events. Methods: Data on patients with angioedema or cough induced by ACE inhibitors were collected from the Swedish database of spontaneously reported ADRs or from collaborating clinicians. Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher’s exact test, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were used to test for between-group differences. The significance threshold was set to P <0.00128 to correct for multiple comparisons. Results: Clinical characteristics were compared between 168 patients with angioedema and 121 with cough only. Smoking and concomitant selective calcium channel blocker treatment were more frequent among patients with angioedema than cough: OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 2.1-8.9, P = 2.2 × 10-5, and OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 2.0-7.0, P = 1.7 × 10-5. Angioedema cases were seen more often in male patients (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.4-3.6, P = 1.3 × 10-4) and had longer time to onset and higher doses than those with cough ( P = 3.2 × 10-10 and P = 2.6 × 10-4). A multiple model containing the variables smoking, concurrent calcium channel blocker treatment, male sex, and time to onset accounted for 26% of the variance between the groups. Conclusion: Smoking, comedication with selective calcium channel blockers, male sex, and longer treatment time were associated with ACE inhibitor–induced angioedema rather than cough.
A Computer Adaptive Measure of Delay Discounting
Authors: Mahalingam Vaishali , Palkovics Michael , Kosinski Michal , Cek Iva , Stillwell David
Published: November 2016

Delay discounting has been linked to important behavioral, health, and social outcomes, including academic achievement, social functioning and substance use, but thoroughly measuring delay discounting is tedious and time consuming. We develop and consistently validate an efficient and psychometrically sound computer adaptive measure of discounting. First, we develop a binary search–type algorithm to measure discounting using a large international data set of 4,190 participants. Using six independent samples ( N = 1,550), we then present evidence of concurrent validity with two standard measures of discounting and a measure of discounting real rewards, convergent validity with addictive behavior, impulsivity, personality, survival probability; and divergent validity with time perspective, life satisfaction, age and gender. The new measure is considerably shorter than standard questionnaires, includes a range of time delays, can be applied to multiple reward magnitudes, shows excellent concurrent, convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity—by showing more sensitivity to effects of smoking behavior on discounting.
Australian Medical/Health Journalists on the Value of Science-based Education and Training
Authors: Furlan Patrizia
Published: November 2016

One of the criticisms of medical/health news is that it sensationalizes or miscommunicates research rather than accurately inform the public. A mixed methods study of Australian medical/health reporters and their public relations sources found that while many journalists recognize the need for extra training for those without any science background in order to better interpret and report medical research, others consider journalism education sufficient. While the majority considered science-based training necessary, there was little consensus on what form this should take. Suggestions ranged widely from weekend workshops to training in medical/health reporting at universities. Others considered practising ‘good’ journalism and experience in the field as all that is required.
Learning in and by the Community: A Work-Integrated Learning Approach to Teaching Journalism
Authors: Jones Dianne
Published: November 2016

This article explores how work-integrated learning (WIL) reporting projects, spanning eight years, enabled authentic learning by journalism students and also provided a valued community service. Students at a regional Australian university interviewed the mayoral and councillor candidates for each of the four-yearly local government area elections from 2008 to 2016 and published their stories online at https://radiojournalismonline.com . This article concludes that a WIL approach to teaching journalism creates an immediate, positive impact on the reputations of student journalists and that the goodwill also extends to their university. The local community sees the student journalists’ coverage of the local elections as a public service. Based on the public’s feedback, voters and candidates alike believed that they were provided with reliable and actionable information.
Everyday imagery
Authors: Peters Chris , Allan Stuart
Published: November 2016

User-based research into the lived experiences associated with smartphone camera practices – in particular, the taking, storing, curating and sharing of personal imagery in the digital media sphere – remains scarce, especially in contrast to its increasing ubiquity. Accordingly, this article’s detailed analysis of open-ended questionnaires from ‘millennial’ smartphone users elucidates the varied experiential, compositional and technological aspects associated with smartphone imagery in everyday life. It argues that the associated changes do more than just update previous technologies but rather open space up for emergent forms of visual communication. Specifically, our close interpretive reading indicates four key factors underlying the moments privileged when using smartphone cameras, namely: they deviate from the mundane, are related to ‘positive’ emotions, evince strong social bonds and encompass a future-oriented perspective. Relatedly, in terms of photographic composition, visual content tends to circulate around: the social presence of others, boundedness of event, perceived aesthetic value and intended shareability. Our findings question certain formulations about the gradual disappearance of media from personal consciousness in a digital age. If ceaselessness is a defining characteristic of the current era, our analysis reveals that the use of smartphone cameras is indicative of people affectively and self-consciously deploying the technology to try to arrest the ephemerality of daily life, however fleetingly. This article thus pinpoints the theoretical and methodological value of research approaches moving beyond a narrow focus on the usage patterns to uncover the spatio-temporal specificities shaping (and being shaped by) smartphone imagery and its communicative resonances.
Do customers share the same perspective? A study on online OTAs ratings versus user ratings of Hong Kong hotels
Authors: Leung Rosanna , Au Norman , Liu Jianwei , Law Rob
Published: November 2016

Hotel service levels and pricing range are often denoted by the “star” rating system predominant in that country. This rating system depends considerably on travel agencies to disseminate information to consumers to assist them in their hotel selection. Given the popularity of online travel agencies (OTAs) and review websites, consumers can now compare published star and user ratings of hotels online to obtain a complete idea of the hotel service standards from the perspective of other users. This study attempted to analyze the difference among the star and user ratings published in eight popular OTAs. Findings showed that Priceline and Ctrip had the lowest website star ratings, whereas Bookings.com and Agoda had the highest for both local chain and independent hotels. A comparison of the star and user ratings indicated that Priceline, TripAdvisor, and Hotels.com had no statistical difference, but the other five OTAs exhibited statistical differences. The findings also indicated that Ctrip had higher user rating scores among the OTAs, possibly indicating that Chinese users rate hotels higher than other nationalities do.
Longitudinal analysis of intervention effects on temptations and stages of change for dietary fat using parallel process latent growth modeling
Authors: Brick Leslie Ann D , Yang Si , Harlow Lisa L , Redding Colleen A , Prochaska James O
Published: November 2016

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend a 20–35 percent daily intake of fat. Resisting the temptation to eat high-fat foods, in conjunction with stage of readiness to avoid these foods, has been shown to influence healthy behavior change. Data ( N = 6516) from three randomized controlled trials were pooled to examine the relationships among direct intervention effects on temptations and stage of change for limiting high-fat foods. Findings demonstrate separate simultaneous growth processes in which baseline level of temptations, but not the rate of change in temptations, was significantly related to the change in readiness to avoid high-fat foods.
An evaluation of the Aerie Real campaign: Potential for promoting positive body image?
Authors: Convertino Alexandra D , Rodgers Rachel F , Franko Debra L , Jodoin Adriana
Published: November 2016

This study evaluated the impact on young women’s body satisfaction of an advertising campaign: Aerie Real, which included images of models who were not digitally modified. In total, 200 female students were randomly allocated to view either Aerie Real images or digitally modified images from previous campaigns. In the total sample, no condition differences appeared. However, participants with high appearance comparison reported a smaller decrease in body satisfaction after viewing the Aerie Real images as compared to those viewing previous images ( p = .003). Findings provide preliminary support for the Aerie Real campaign as less deleterious form of media for body image.
Job mobility and health in the Danish workforce
Authors: Hougaard Charlotte Ørsted , Nygaard Else , Holm Astrid Ledgaard , Thielen Karsten , Diderichsen Finn
Published: November 2016

Aims: The globalized economy has stimulated mobility in the labour market in many countries and Denmark has one of the highest rates of mobility between workplaces among the OECD countries. This raises the question of the potential health effects of mobility and the effect of disease on mobility. Methods: This study was register-based with a longitudinal design using data on the entire Danish population in 1992–2006. The data included mobility between employers and workplaces and seven different diseases based on admissions to hospital and drug prescriptions. Results: After adjusting for relevant confounders, an exposure–response relationship was seen between mobility and the incidence of ischaemic heart disease, stroke, duodenal ulcer, anxiety/depression and, most strongly, with alcohol-related disorders. The effects were not very strong, however, with odds ratios varying from 1.2 to 1.6. As expected, no effect was seen for colorectal cancer. We also found an effect of both somatic and mental disorders on mobility, but not for the two cancer types. Mobility did not seem to prevent being out of the labour force after diagnosis. Conclusions: Frequent mobility in the labour market increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, common mental disorders and alcohol-related disorders and these diagnoses also seem to increase the risk of subsequent mobility.
Energy and nutrient intakes of Swedish children in relation to consumption of and habits associated with school lunch
Authors: Persson Osowski Christine , Becker Wulf , Enghardt Barbieri Heléne , Lindroos Anna Karin
Published: November 2016

Aims: School lunches are provided free in Sweden, although some children choose not to eat school lunch. The aim of this study was to analyse Swedish children’s total energy and nutrient intakes on weekdays by the frequency of school lunch consumption and to analyse energy and nutrient intakes from school lunches by sex. Factors associated with children’s school lunch habits were also studied. Methods: Children in grades 2 and 5 ( n=1905) completed a food diary (school lunch data available for 1840 children) and the mean energy and nutrient intakes per day and per school lunch were calculated. The children also completed questions on the frequency of school lunch consumption and school lunch habits. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with school lunch habits. Results: Children who reported eating school lunch every day had significantly higher energy and absolute nutrient intakes than children reporting eating school lunch less than five times a week, but not standardized for energy. Boys had significantly higher energy and absolute nutrient intakes from school lunches than girls, but not standardized for energy. Younger children and children who liked school lunches had higher odds of eating school lunch every day. Children in grade 5, those with a foreign background and those disliking school lunches had higher odds of omitting the main lunch component. Conclusions: Regular school lunch consumption was associated with a higher total intake for most nutrients, but not a better nutrient density. School lunch habits were associated with age, ethnic background and liking school lunches.
Counterbalancing global media frames with nationally colored narratives: A comparative study of news narratives and news framing in the climate change coverage of five countries
Authors: Lück Julia , Wessler Hartmut , Wozniak Antal , Lycarião Diógenes
Published: November 2016

This study disentangles national and transnational influences on international journalism by distinguishing convergent issue framing from nationally specific narrative in news texts. In a comparative quantitative content analysis of the newspaper coverage in five democratic countries (Brazil, Germany, India, South Africa, and United States) during four United Nations climate change conferences from 2010 to 2013, both textual-visual framing and narrative features were studied simultaneously for the first time. The narrative dimension consisted of variables that gauge (1) the degree of narrativity in an article, (2) the type of narrative (i.e. stories of catastrophe, conflict, success etc.), and (3) narrative roles of victims, villains, and heroes. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify both the prevailing issue frame in an article and its dominant narrative. Results show that issue frames converge more strongly across countries while narratives are more closely related to the cultural context and political particularities of each country. Investigating issue frames and narratives concurrently helps to reveal country-specific patterns of narrative coloring even for the same issue frame.
Public housing tenants’ perspective on residential environment and positive well-being: An empowerment-based Photovoice study and its implications for social work
Authors: Houle Janie , Coulombe Simon , Radziszewski Stephanie , Boileau Geneviève , Morin Paul , Leloup Xavier , Bohémier Hélène , Robert Stéphanie
Published: November 2016

Although tenants of public housing face numerous challenges, recent research suggests they can experience positive well-being. The study examines a group of tenants’ perspective on structures of their residential environment that influence their positive well-being, using the empowerment-based Photovoice method. Ten peer-researchers took pictures, participated in facilitated group discussions, and performed a thematic analysis. The study presents themes emerging from the pictures, as well as concrete outcomes of implementing such a method in a public housing setting.

Findings

Six themes emerged from the pictures taken: (1) a pleasant home, inspiring pride; (2) variety of local resources; (3) mutual support and social participation; (4) control over life situations; (5) social, leisure and growth opportunities; (6) beneficial access to nature. The findings reveal the nuances of tenants’ relationships with their residential environment, which has the potential to support their emotional, psychological, and social well-being. However, several needs for improvement were also identified, as well as avenues for tenants to take more power over these negative situations. The Photovoice method appears to have produced positive outcomes in terms of environmental improvement and tenant empowerment.

Applications

The study suggests social workers should bear in mind the multifaceted person–environment relationship of the people they work with. It also emphasizes that public housing tenants can play an active role in making their environment a place where they can flourish. The Photovoice method is highlighted as a useful tool for social work community practitioners to support tenant empowerment.
Delayed Start for a Shortened Remedial Mathematics Course
Authors: Watanabe-Rose Mari , Guy G. Michael
Published: November 2016

Much research has demonstrated an inverse relationship between appointment delay and one-shot appointment-keeping behavior. In the present study, we investigated whether such relationship is observed with recurrent behavior, such as class attendance and retention within a college course. When a 4-week remedial arithmetic course at an urban community college started at three different times in a semester, the within-course retention rate of the group that started the latest, hence had the longest delay, was the lowest. The aforementioned inverse relationship was observed, while there was no significant difference among the groups in terms of students’ final exam scores. A few suggestions for possible future studies, along with implications for practice, are made. We recommend the use of various forms of reminders to offset the negative impact of delayed start of a course.
Circulating Humorous Antitobacco Videos on Social Media
Authors: Lee Moon J. , Chen Fannin
Published: November 2016

We investigated whether exposure to same humorous antitobacco videos via different types of social media platforms and contexts (health vs. humor) influences individual’s health risk perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral intents. An experiment with a 2 (social media types: YouTube and Facebook) × 2 (message contexts: health-focused and humor-focused contexts) factorial design was conducted. It was found that those who watched the humorous antitobacco videos on Facebook in the health-context exhibited a higher level of risk perception of smoking, less positive attitude toward smokers, and a higher level of intention to avoid smoking in the future than the participants who viewed the same videos on YouTube in the health-context or on Facebook in the humor-context. These findings provide useful practical guidelines in using social media for health communication/promotion. Humorous health promotion messages are best circulated on social networking sites such as Facebook accompanied by others’ support for the given health topic (i.e., in health-contexts). Practical/theoretical implications and limitations of the study were further discussed in this article.
Looking the World in the Face
Authors: Bramstedt Katrina A. , Plock Jan A.
Published: November 2016

Total bilateral blindness in the setting of facial transplantation is a controversial matter. Some transplant teams exclude these candidates, while others accept them onto their facial transplant waiting list. Using 3 cases, the clinical and ethical complexity of total bilateral blindness is explored. Guidance (medical, psychological, and social) for total bilateral blindness as both an inclusion and exclusion criterion is provided, with the stipulation that total bilateral blindness should not be an automatic exclusion criterion for facial transplantation. Additionally, guidance for corneal transplant in facial transplant candidates is discussed. Suggestions for posttransplant disability assistance for patients with total bilateral blindness are also provided.
Communicating About Choices in Transplantation (COACH)
Authors: Traino Heather M. , West Stacy M. , Nonterah Camilla W. , Russell Jennifer , Yuen Eva
Published: November 2016

Introduction:

Previous research highlights the difficulties patients with end-stage renal disease awaiting kidney transplant experience while attempting to manage both the logistical and the content-related aspects of discussions about transplantation. This article presents pilot results of the behavioral communication intervention program, Communicating about Choices in Transplantation (COACH), designed to improve transplant candidates’ communication about transplantation.

Research Questions:

As compared to matched controls, increases in knowledge of deceased and living donor transplantation, communication self-efficacy, intentions to hold conversations about transplantation, and self-reported discussion were expected for pilot participants from pre- and postassessment; decreases in conversational difficulties were also posited.

Design:

Using a nonrandomized quasi-experimental design, we compared transplant knowledge and communication between patients completing a 2-hour COACH session (pilot sample) to a sample of matched controls (n = 10). Data were collected via semi-structured telephone interviews upon enrollment and 1 month after enrollment or attendance at a COACH program session.

Results:

The results revealed significant differences in knowledge from pre- to postassessment between the pilot and control samples ( P = .02). Although no other statistically significant between-group differences were found, paired-sample t tests revealed significant pre–post increases in transplant knowledge (7.6 [standard deviation, SD = 2.0] to 9.5 [SD =1.8]; P = .05) and communication self-efficacy (1255.8 [SD = 239.7] to 1513.8 [SD = 114.3]; P = .009) for pilot participants. Decreases in perceived conversational difficulties were also observed ( P = .53).

Discussion:

Results provide preliminary support for the program’s impact. Moreover, participant evaluations of the COACH were overwhelmingly positive. A more definitive program evaluation with a larger, more diverse sample is currently underway.
Silver nanoparticles coating on silk fabric with pretreatment of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Peng Linghui , Guo Ronghui , Lan Jianwu , Jiang Shouxiang , Wang Xiang , Lin Shaojian , Li Chao
Published: November 2016

Silk fabric was pretreated with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (silane) in supercritical carbon dioxide and then silver nanoparticles were synthesized on the pretreated silk fabric under microwave irradiation. The silver nanoparticle coated fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Deposition rate and color characteristics of the silver coating of samples were investigated. The results show that silver-coated silk fabric with pretreatment of the silane via supercritical carbon dioxide possesses excellent ultraviolet protection, softness and the adhesive strength between silver coating and silk fabric is improved.
Characterization of photocatalytic composite nanofiber yarns with respect to their tensile properties
Authors: Memarian Farnaz , Tehran Mohammad Amani , Latifi Masoud
Published: November 2016

In this paper, nylon 66/TiO2 composite nanofiber yarn has been developed using electrospinning method. The effect of the TiO2 nanoparticle content on the physical and tensile properties of the resulted composite nanofiber yarns has been extensively investigated using SEM, EDX, FTIR and mechanical testing machine. The probability density function is computed to model the diameter distribution of nanofibers constituent of the composite yarn for different percentages of TiO2. The addition of TiO2 nanoparticles into the electrospun composite nanofiber yarn decreases its tensile strength. The influence of thickness (diameter) and twist of the yarn on its tensile strength has been considered and the optimum conditions with improved tensile strength have been presented. Photoactivity of the composite yarns is tested against Rhodamine B (RhB). Results show that nanocomposite yarns are effective to be used as an economically and environmentally friendly photocatalyst in water remediation processes. They are not dispersed in the solution and can be removed easily without additional and costly steps of filtration or centrifuge.