bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐inflicted stab wound at first thoracic vertebra
Authors: Ushio Masaya
Published: November 2022

The patient was a 64‐year‐old woman who stabbed her neck with a kitchen knife in an attempt to commit suicide. The tip of the knife was chipped and lodged into the first thoracic vertebra. It was removed using a drill.
Diagnosis and management of rabies encephalitis in two patients in northwest Africa: A case series
Authors: Boushab Boushab Mohamed , Ahmed Benane Hacen , Ould Baba Sidi El‐Wafi , Basco Leonardo K.
Published: November 2022

In persons bitten by a stray dog, prompt administration of post‐exposure rabies vaccination, anti‐rabies immunoglobulin, and wound care can save lives. However, rabies is often fatal once the patient develops signs and symptoms. Here, we describe two fatal cases of rabies following a long delay after dog bites.
Urinary liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein: A hemodynamic index during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Ichibayashi Ryo , Yamamoto Saki , Nakamichi Yoshimi , Masuyama Yuka , Serizawa Hibiki , Watanabe Masayuki , Yabe Takayuki , Honda Mitsuru
Published: November 2022

We discuss a case in which urinary L‐FABP measurements were used to manage a 46‐year‐old male patient receiving V‐A ECMO support. His mean blood pressure was ≥75 mmHg for the first 24 h after the initiation of V‐A ECMO, and he experienced a rapid decrease in urinary L‐FABP levels.
Monitored anesthesia care with remimazolam for gynecological day surgeries: Case reports
Authors: Choi So Ron , Kim Tae Hyung , Eom Deuk Won , Jung Ji Wook , Park Sang Yoong
Published: November 2022

Remimazolam is a newly approved benzodiazepine characterized by rapid onset, predictable maintenance, fast recovery, and availability of a reversal agent. We describe four cases of patients who received monitored anesthesia care with remimazolam for gynecological day surgery.
Multiscale Catalysis Under Magnetic Fields: Methodologies, Advances, and Trends
Authors: Liu Dong , Huang Yanjie , Hu Jiawang , Wang Bin , Lu Yuan
Published: November 2022

Magnetic field‐enhanced catalysis is an advanced strategy for enhancing catalytic reactions that have emerged in recent years, presenting great potential for alleviating the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Under favorable non‐contact magnetic field conditions, the external magnetic field that produces the enhancement effect can provide additional energy to the catalytic system as an additional driving force for the catalytic reaction and thus positively improve the overall catalytic efficiency. Exploring the effects of magnetic fields on multiscale catalytic reactions can broaden the practical applications of various catalytic reactions. This review begins with a brief introduction and analysis of possible mechanisms for magnetic field‐enhanced catalytic reactions (including spin polarization theory and electromagnetic theory), a description of the forces generated by magnetic fields, nano‐ and microscale magnetic materials, and various commonly used magnetic manipulation systems, and an overview of the application of magnetic fields to enhanced photocatalytic, electrocatalytic and biocatalytic reactions. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for advancing magnetic field‐enhanced catalytic reactions are presented. It is hoped that this review will provide a reference for the development and in‐depth study of magnetic field‐assisted enhanced catalytic reactions to improve catalytic efficiency.
Exploring school counselors’ and interns’ socioeconomic construct understanding and awareness
Authors: Brookover Dana L. , Johnson Kaprea F. , Crane Erin
Published: November 2022

Nine professional school counselors (PSCs) and eight school counseling interns in training (SCIT) participated in semi‐structured interviews to explore their understanding and awareness of socioeconomic constructs that influence a range of social, emotional, and academic outcomes for youth. Findings suggest that participants in both groups displayed advanced cognitive complexity of constructs, more SCIT focused on the micro‐level of economic stability, and more PSCs described the constructs through their experience with examples. The authors recommend that counselor educators and supervisors develop competencies to support advanced training and continuing education to increase clarity, awareness, and understanding of socioeconomic constructs that are impacting youth clients. The authors include future research directions.
A Comparative Numerical Investigation of the Behavior of Two‐Phase Hydrocarbon Flow Phenomena in Horizontal Flowline with Different Turbulence Models Using OpenFOAM
Authors: Sunday Nsidibe , Settar Abdelhakim , Chetehouna Khaled , Gascoin Nicolas
Published: November 2022

Two‐phase flow in pipes finds application in many industrial activities, mostly in the energy sector, necessitating model systems that correctly predict flow behaviors like flow pattern, pressure drop, and liquid holdup during the design and planning of a fluid transport system. This study aims to analyze three‐dimensional two‐phase liquid‐gas flows in a horizontal flowline. InterFoam, a transient two‐phase solver, was first modified to implement the low‐Reynolds number (LRN) k‐ε model in the OpenFOAM source code. This LRN k‐ε turbulence model is utilized to resolve the turbulence phenomena within the two‐phase mixtures. The two‐phase flow is calculated by using the developed solver based on the volume‐of‐fluid approach. Flow pattern results at different superficial gas and liquid velocities are validated by experimental data from the literature. Then, three Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes models were used for computations: LRN k‐ε, standard k‐ε, and the shear stress transport k‐ω model.
Controlled Formation of Porous 2D Lattices from C3‐symmetric Ph6−Me‐Tribenzotriquinacene‐OAc3
Authors: Toksabay Sinem , Leisegang Markus , Christ Andreas , Härtl Patrick , Krebs Johannes , Marder Todd B. , Haldar Soumyajyoti , Heinze Stefan , Bode Matthias , Krueger Anke
Published: November 2022

The on‐surface self‐assembly of molecules to form holey nanographenes is a promising approach to control the properties of the resulting 2D lattice. Usually, planar molecules are utilized to prepare flat, structurally confined molecular layers, with only a few recent examples of warped precursors. However, control of the superstructures is limited thus far. Herein, we report the temperature‐controlled self‐assembly of a bowl‐shaped, acetylated C3‐symmetric hexaphenyltribenzotriquinacene derivative on Cu(111). Combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) confirms the formation of highly differing arrangements starting with π‐stacked bowl‐to‐bowl dimers at low coverage at room temperature via chiral honeycomb structures, an intermediate trigonal superstructure, followed by a fully carbon‐based, flattened hexagonal superstructure formed by on‐surface deacetylation, which is proposed as a precursor for holey graphene networks with unique defect structures.
Copper‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Borylation and Palladium‐Catalyzed Stereospecific Cross‐Coupling to Give Aryl C‐Glycosides
Authors: Kurahayashi Kazuki , Hanaya Kengo , Sugai Takeshi , Hirai Go , Higashibayashi Shuhei
Published: November 2022

Metabolically stable C‐glycosides are an essential family of compounds in bioactive natural products, therapeutic agents, and biological probes. For their application, development of synthetic methods by connecting glycosides and aglycons with strict stereocontrol at the anomeric carbon, as well as with high functional‐group compatibility and environmental compatibility is a pivotal issue. Although Suzuki–Miyaura‐type C(sp3)−C(sp2) cross‐coupling using glycosyl boronates is a potential candidate for the construction of C‐glycosides, neither the cross‐coupling itself nor the facile synthesis of the coupling precursor, glycosyl boronates, have been achieved to date. Herein, it was succeeded to develop a copper‐catalyzed stereoselective one‐step borylation of glycosyl bromides to glycosyl boronates and palladium‐catalyzed stereospecific cross‐coupling of β‐glycosyl borates with aryl bromides to give aryl β‐C‐glycosides, in which the β‐configuration of the anomeric carbon of the glycosyl trifluoroborates is stereoretentively transferred to that of the resulting aryl C‐glycosides.
Betriebliche Qualifizierung 4.0
Authors: Voges Susanna
Published: November 2022

In Zeiten hoher Fluktuation haben sich die Anforderungen an Systeme betrieblicher Qualifizierung für Anlagenbediener grundlegend verändert. Die nachwachsende Generation erweist sich insbesondere post covid als wechselfreudiger als bisher gewohnt. Wie kann betriebliche Qualifizierung mit dieser Entwicklung Schritt halten, welcher Methoden bedarf es?
Einfach, sicher und vernetzt
Authors: Bracht Dagmar , Freudenberger Martin , Kraftschik Florian , Möller Einar
Published: November 2022

Die Memosens‐Technologie zur Flüssigkeitsanalyse von Endress+Hauser ist vielen Prozessindustrien nicht mehr wegzudenken. Spätestens seit der Patenterteilung im Jahr 2008 wurde der Hersteller mit der Technologie zum Vorreiter für digitale Lösungen in der Flüssigkeitsanalyse. Mit Memosens 2.0 geht er jetzt einen weiteren großen Schritt in Richtung Idustrie 4.0.
Vorteile einer durchgehenden Ethernet‐Kommunikation
Authors: Ungermann Manuel
Published: November 2022

Mit der Verfügbarkeit von Safety over OPC UA werden Ethernet‐basierte sichere Kommunikationsprotokolle eine immer wichtigere Rolle in der Prozessindustrie einnehmen. Kommt das gerade entstehenden Advanced Physical Layer (APL) hinzu, kann in allen Bereichen einer Prozessanlage erstmals eine Datenübertragung via Ethernet umgesetzt werden. Die erheblichen Vorteile sowie die bereits erfolgte Adaption des Ethernet‐basierten Datenaustausches sind nun ebenfalls im Feld nutzbar.
Sicherer Transport von Lithiumionen‐Batteriespeichersystemen
Authors: Rasche David
Published: November 2022

Lithiumionen‐Batteriezellen finden Verwendung in Energiegroßspeichern, Traktionsbatterien und Solar‐Heimspeichern aber auch in einer Vielzahl kleinerer Geräte dienen sie als sehr effizienter Ladungsträger. Doch von den Batteriezellen können Risiken ausgehen können, wenn Temperaturgrenzen überschritten werden oder die Zellen mechanisch beschädigt werden.
Pretest and shrinkage estimators in generalized partially linear models with application to real data
Authors: Hossain Shakhawat , Mandal Saumen , Lac Le An
Published: November 2022

Semiparametric models hold promise to address many challenges to statistical inference that arise from real‐world applications, but their novelty and theoretical complexity create challenges for estimation. Taking advantage of the broad applicability of semiparametric models, we propose some novel and improved methods to estimate the regression coefficients of generalized partially linear models (GPLM). This model extends the generalized linear model by adding a nonparametric component. Like in parametric models, variable selection is important in the GPLM to single out the inactive covariates for the response. Instead of deleting inactive covariates, our approach uses them as auxiliary information in the estimation procedure. We then define two models, one that includes all the covariates and another that includes the active covariates only. We then combine these two model estimators optimally to form the pretest and shrinkage estimators. Asymptotic properties are studied to derive the asymptotic biases and risks of the proposed estimators. We show that if the shrinkage dimension exceeds two, the asymptotic risks of the shrinkage estimators are strictly less than those of the full model estimators. Extensive Monte Carlo simulation studies are conducted to examine the finite‐sample performance of the proposed estimation methods. We then apply our proposed methods to two real data sets. Our simulation and real data results show that the proposed estimators perform with higher accuracy and lower variability in the estimation of regression parameters for GPLM compared with competing estimation methods.
Bilateral anisotropic Gabor wavelet transformation based deep stacked auto encoding for lossesless image compression
Authors: Suresh Kumar S. , Sarankumar R. , Vignesh O. , Prakash A.
Published: November 2022

A highly challenging aspect of the data compression technique is maintaining the quality of data that reconstructs in high compression rates. To overcome these limitations, a bilateral anisotropic Gabor wavelet transformation with deep stacked auto encoding (BAGWT‐DSAE) technique based lossesless image compression is proposed in this article to save the storage space and processing time during transferring the images. The proposed method contains three main processes namely preprocessing, compression and decompression. Initially input aerial image and digital image are taken and these images are given bilateral filter based preprocessing for eliminates the different types of noises and also multiple artifacts. Then the preprocessed images are given to anisotropic Gabor wavelet transformation based deep stacked auto encoding to compress and decompress the wavelet transform's sensitive sub‐bands effectually. In DSAE, the decoder of the auto encoder achieves a better quality decompressed image. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB simulations run in PC through Intel Core, 8 GB of RAM, 2.50 GHz CPU and Windows 8. Then, the simulation performance of proposed BAGWT‐DSAE‐LIC method provides 20.23%, 24.85%, and 38.56% low compression ratio and 26.48%, 21.23%, and 12.53% lower computational time, 4.56%, 7.68%, and 8.34% high space saving than the existing methods.
Graphics processing unit‐accelerated high‐quality watercolor painting image generation
Authors: Huang Jiamian , Ito Yasuaki , Nakano Koji
Published: November 2022

Stroke‐based rendering is a rendering method that mimics the actual painting technique by drawing a stroke by stroke on a blank canvas image. In this paper, we propose a watercolor image generation method using stroke‐based rendering. The proposed method generates an image that is a good approximation of the input image as well as having the characteristics of a watercolor painting by repeatedly painting strokes while referring to the input image. To generate a high‐quality image, that is, an image that closely resembles an actual watercolor painting, various techniques are employed: modeling of watercolor paper, detailed physical simulation of the movement of water and pigment, strokes using a brush model, among others. The proposed method generates a large number of strokes and performs computationally intensive watercolor simulations for each stroke. Therefore, this paper also presents its parallel algorithm using a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). We implemented this parallel algorithm on an NVIDIA A100 GPU. The experimental results show that the CPU implementations with sequential and parallel executions take 34,651 and 867 s to generate a 4K‐watercolor image of size , respectively. In contrast, the GPU implementation with parallel execution succeeded in reducing the time to 44 s.
Inorganic Bergman Cyclization: An Appeal From Theory
Authors: Kashyap Chayanika , Purkayastha Siddhartha K. , Rohman Shahnaz S. , Guha Ankur K.
Published: November 2022

The scope of Bergman cyclization is expanded computationally by exploring the cyclization in inorganic B, N substituted derivative. This substitution has introduced polarity into the transition state, which resulted in dramatic lowering of the activation barrier. Natural charge distribution throughout the reaction profile has ascertained this hypothesis. Single B and N atom substitution at 1 and 6 terminal positions lowers the activation barrier by almost half of the original value which becomes even lower in the complete B, N analogue. The parent Bergman and single B, N substituted products were characterized by significant biradical character while the complete B, N substituted analogue was characterized by significant zwitterionic character. Reduction in electron delocalization is also observed in the complete B, N substituted analogue.
Silane‐Bearing Borasilsesquioxanes: Synthetic Protocol and Unsuspected Redistribution Reactions
Authors: Frydrych Miłosz , Sztorch Bogna , Brząkalski Dariusz , Pakuła Daria , Przekop Robert E. , Srishailam Kanugula , Reddy Byru Venkatram , Marciniec Bogdan
Published: November 2022

The presented work is a continuation of research on the reactivity of unsaturated borasilsesquioxanes under the conditions of common organometallic transformations. The catalytic hydrosilylation reaction with silanes, siloxanes and silsesquioxanes in presence of platinum catalyst was explored. The majority of the products were obtained in high yields (>90 %) and their structures were confirmed and characterized by spectroscopy and spectrometry, i. e. NMR and MALDI‐TOF‐MS. The most significant segment of the work is research on the spontaneous redistribution reaction of the alkoxy group from silane to borane moiety occurring in the obtained products, not being limited to the heterosilsesquioxane chemistry, however. The products were confirmed using GC‐MS, ESI‐MS methods and B3LYP exchange‐correlation, in order to ascertain formation of the silicon‐boron hybrid molecule.
Implementing High Dimensional Reduction Analysis on Histocytometric Data
Authors: Munoz‐Erazo Luis , Shinko Diana , Schmidt Alfonso J. , Price Kylie M.
Published: November 2022

In a previous protocol article, we demonstrated construction of a histocytometry pipeline that is capable of both segmenting highly aggregated cell populations and retaining the original intensity data range of the input microscopy images. In the protocol presented here, using the output from the aforementioned article, we demonstrate how to phenotype the data using the high dimensional reduction analysis technique optimized t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (opt‐t‐SNE) and compare it to traditional manual gating. Additionally, we present a protocol illustrating the advantage of the inclusion of cell junction/membrane markers for accurately segmenting highly aggregated cell populations in ilastik. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Phenotyping lymph node populations using manual gating

Basic Protocol 2: Phenotyping lymph node populations using t‐SNE dimensional reduction

Support Protocol: ilastik segmentation using a pan marker
A regression approach to identify discriminating locations
Authors: Vemireddy Hanisha , Olafsson Sigurdur
Published: November 2022

Selection of planting locations is an important issue in plant breeding and may significantly impact the probability of correctly identifying the desired genotype based on noisy data. This is especially true for early‐stage experimentation where a set of experimental genotypes is observed in very few locations. This study aims to identify locations that are most helpful for discriminating the main effects of two or more genotypes. A regression‐based model is proposed that characterizes the sensitivity of location to the genotype main effect, and locations with significant positive sensitivity are termed discriminative. Comparing or ranking genotypes using these locations results in exaggerated expected differences between genotype main effects, allowing for more accurate comparisons in the presence of noise. Based on the proposed model, an expression for the probability of making correct genotype selection is derived given a set of locations with known location sensitivities. The probability of correct selection is then used to characterize an optimal set of location that maximizes the probability of selecting the genotype with better main effect. These locations are independent of the genotypes being compared and only depend on the number of locations being considered and the sensitivities of these locations to genotype effects. The theoretical implications of the model are validated using data obtained from a commercial soybean breeding program. The results show that by using discriminating locations correct selection is made 76% of the time, versus 67% for all locations and only 63% of the time for non‐discriminating locations.
High Current Density Oxygen Evolution in Carbonate Buffered Solution Achieved by Active Site Densification and Electrolyte Engineering
Authors: Nishimoto Takeshi , Shinagawa Tatsuya , Naito Takahiro , Harada Kazuki , Yoshida Masaaki , Takanabe Kazuhiro
Published: November 2022

High current density reaching 1 A cm−2for efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was demonstrated by interactively optimizing electrolyte and electrode at non‐extreme pH levels. Careful electrolyte assessment revealed that the state‐of‐the‐art nickel‐iron oxide electrocatalyst in alkaline solution maintained its high OER performance with a small Tafel slope in K‐carbonate solution at pH 10.5 at 353 K. The OER performance was improved when Cu or Au was introduced into the FeOx‐modified nanostructured Ni electrode as the third element during the preparation of electrode by electrodeposition. The resultant OER achieved 1 A cm−2at 1.53 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) stably for 90 h, comparable to those in extreme alkaline conditions. Constant Tafel slopes, apparent activation energy, and the same signatures from operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy among these samples suggested that this improvement seems solely correlated with enhanced electrochemical surface area caused by adding the third element.
Electrophoretic detection of black market myostatin propeptide
Authors: Reichel Christian , Gmeiner Günter , Thevis Mario
Published: November 2022

Myostatin propeptide is prohibited according to chapter S4 of the “WADA 2022 List of Prohibited Substances and Methods.” So far, no approved myostatin‐propeptide pharmaceuticals are available. Nevertheless, myostatin‐propeptides can be bought on the black market for “research purposes.” A study on black market myostatin propeptide products is presented as well as electrophoretic detection methods for serum and urine. Out of the 12 tested products, only nine actually contained the protein. Separation by SDS‐PAGE revealed that the nine products were relatively impure and that the main compound had a much higher mass (approximately 54–55 kDa) than expected (approximately 33 kDa). Further analyses by mass spectrometry showed that the elevated molecular mass was due to the presence of a full length GST‐tag on the propeptide. The developed detection method for serum is based on immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by SDS‐PAGE and Western blotting. In total, three anti‐myostatin propeptide antibodies were tested. All of them were well suited for either IP or immunoblotting. The final protocol applies a biotinylated polyclonal antibody, streptavidin‐coated magnetic beads, and a monoclonal detection antibody. For a sample volume of 500 μL serum, the detection limit of the method is approximately 2.5 ng/mL. The urine method applies a commercial ELISA for IP and performs with a limit of detection (LOD) of approximately 0.4 ng/mL. Furthermore, practically all currently available myostatin propeptide standards were also investigated. Due to the significant molecular mass difference of the black market products, an unambiguous differentiation from endogenous myostatin propeptide is possible.
Declining temperature and increasing moisture sensitivity of shrub growth in the Low‐Arctic erect dwarf‐shrub tundra of western Greenland
Authors: Weijers Stef
Published: November 2022

Evergreen dwarf shrubs respond swiftly to warming in the cool and dry High Arctic, but their response in the warmer Low Arctic, where they are expected to be outcompeted by taller species under future warming, remains to be clarified.

Here, 12,528 annual growth increments, covering 122 years (1893–2014), were measured of 764 branches from 25 individuals of the evergreen dwarf shrub Cassiope tetragona from a Low‐Arctic erect dwarf‐shrub tundra site in western Greenland. In addition, branch initiation and mortality frequency time series were developed. The influence of seasonal climate and correspondence with fluctuations in regional normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a satellite‐proxy for vegetation productivity, were studied.

Summer temperatures were the main driver of growth, while winter temperatures were the main non‐summer‐climate driver. During past and recent warm episodes, shrub growth diverged from summer temperatures. In recent decades, early summer precipitation has become the main growth‐limiting factor for some individuals, likely through micro‐topography‐determined soil moisture availability, and more than half of the shrubs studied became irresponsive to summer temperatures. There was correspondence between climatic drivers, C. tetragona growth and branch initiation frequency, and satellite‐observed vegetation productivity, suggesting the area's shrub‐dominated tundra vegetation is limited by similar climatic factors. Winter warming events were likely the predominant cause of branch mortality, while branching increased after years with poor growth and cooler‐than‐average summers.

These findings show that the erect dwarf‐shrub tundra in the Low Arctic has already and will likely become decreasingly temperature‐ and increasingly moisture‐limited and that winter warming supports shrub growth, but increased extreme winter warming event frequency may increase branch mortality and vegetation damage. Such counter‐acting mechanisms could offer an explanation for the vegetation stability observed over large parts of the Arctic.
Topological Analysis of the Electron Density of Molecules with Bridging Hydrogens To Tackle the Chemical Structure Monolith
Authors: Rowland Christina , Healy Eamonn F.
Published: November 2022

The assumption, common at the undergraduate level, that hydrogen with its single electron can form only one covalent bond is belied by the many structures that have been characterized with hydrogens bonded to two atoms. The 3‐center bond responsible for such bridging hydrogens is facilitated by the spherical distribution inherent to the 1s electron. Here we demonstrate how topological analysis of the electron density of molecules with bridging hydrogens can inform a deeper appreciation of the character and complexity of the chemical bond. DFT calculations are performed to generate the electron density for the experimental structures of a range of complexes with bridging hydrogens. Analysis using both the Atoms in Molecules (AIM) perspective and a range of electron indicators and localization functions demonstrates the utility of topological analysis for the detection and characterization of multi‐center bonding.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Annulation of 2‐Arylimidazoles with Arylglyoxals: Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxyimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐ones and Their Photophysical Studies
Authors: Sonam  , Nandwana Nitesh K. , Shinde Vikki N. , Rangan Krishnan , Kumar Anil
Published: November 2022

Synthesis of novel 5‐hydroxyimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐ones have been achieved by Ru(II)‐catalyzed reaction of 2‐arylimidazoles with arylglyoxals. The method provided moderate to good yields of 5‐hydroxyimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐ones and is amenable to gram‐scale synthesis. The reaction involves imidazole‐directed Ru(II)‐catalyzed ortho‐dicarbonylation followed by nucleophilic cyclization of the NH‐group with the carbonyl group. Photophysical properties of the newly synthesized 5‐hydroxyimidazo‐[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐ones were investigated.
C−H Functionalization Reactions of 1‐Aryl‐5‐pyrazolones
Authors: Purohit Vishal B. , Prajapati Ronak V. , Prajapati Vaibhav D. , Karad Sharad C. , Sapariya Nirav H. , Avalani Jemin R. , Raval Dipak K.
Published: November 2022

In this contribution, we provide a comprehensive overview on the C−H activation/functionalization reactions of 1‐aryl‐5‐pyrazolones, in particular, 1‐aryl‐3‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐ones (edaravones) and their N‐methyl analogues i. e., antipyrines covering the literature since 2013 (the year of the first report). This review summarizes the recent progress in C−H functionalization reactions of 1‐aryl‐5‐pyrazolones including edaravone and antipyrine derivatives under transition‐metal‐catalyzed/free conditions and discusses the related mechanism according to the role of the catalytic species.
Transmembrane Chloride Transport by Diphosphine‐Pd(II) Complexes: Effect of the Ligand Geometry
Authors: Vidal Alessio , Tosolini Massimo , Balducci Gabriele , Tecilla Paolo
Published: November 2022

Transmembrane chloride transport is a fundamental biological process, and its impairment is at the origin of severe genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis. Synthetic anion carriers able to transport chloride and other anions across biological membranes are considered as putative candidates for treating these syndromes. We have proposed diphosphine–Pd(II) complexes as a new class of anion carriers and in this contribution we have investigated the ionophoric activity of a family of Pd(II) complexes with diphosphine chelating ligands differing for the ligand bite angle that is varied from 71° (dppm) to 98° (dppb). Moreover, in the case of the dppe ligand we also investigated the effect of the introduction in the ligand structure of alkyl substituents of increasing length and hydrophobicity and of electron donor and withdrawing substituents. All the complexes investigated are able to transport chloride across the phospholipid membrane of liposomes and the most important parameter influencing their relative efficacy is the lipophilicity of the complex with the highest activity observed for [Pd(pEt‐dppe)Cl2]. On the contrary the bite angle of the ligand appears to be not relevant while the activity is diminished by the insertion of both EWG and EDG groups on the phenyl substituents of the phosphine ligands. Finally, also Ni(II) and Cu(I) complexes display ionophoric activity demonstrating that the transport ability of metal complexes is not limited to Pd(II) metal ion.
Total Synthesis of Arylnaphthalene Lignans through a Photochemical Key Step
Authors: Wessig Pablo , Badetko Dominik , Wichterich Lukas , Sperlich Eric , Kelling Alexandra
Published: November 2022

The total syntheses of three arylnaphthalene lignans (ANLs) were developed: Vitrofolal E (1), Noralashinol C (2), and Ternifoliuslignan E (3). These natural products have in common a missing substituent in 2‐position of the naphthalene moiety (2H‐ANLs). The key step of these syntheses is a regioselective intramolecular Photo‐Dehydro‐Diels‐Alder (PDDA) reaction with (1,7)naphthalenophanes as primary products. A further improvement of the photochemical step was achieved by triplet sensitization with xanthone, allowing the use of more efficient UVA lamps. It should be noted that this work is a continuation of a previous publication about the total synthesis of lignans using the PDDA reaction.[1]
Fate of Microplastic Fibers in the Coelomic Fluid of the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
Authors: Mohsen Mohamed , Chenggang Lin , Sui Yanming , Yang Hongsheng
Published: November 2022

Sea cucumbers are economical and ecologically important species, playing a crucial role in nutrient recycling in the ocean and providing valuable bioactive compounds for nutrition. Previous research has demonstrated that microplastic fibers, which are widely recognized as emerging contaminants, are transferred to the perivisceral coelomic fluid during respiration in sea cucumbers; however, their fate in sea cucumbers is still not well understood. We tracked the status of sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) with polyester microplastic fibers in their coelomic fluid in clean water. The results showed that after transferring sea cucumbers to clean water, the number of microplastic fibers transferred significantly decreased in the coelomic fluid, but at least one microplastic fiber was found up to 60 days. In addition, sea cucumbers recovered from the effect of microplastic fiber transfer, as indicated by enzyme levels and histological observations. Furthermore, single microplastic fiber transfer over a 60-day farmed period did not significantly affect the growth of sea cucumbers. However, repetitive microplastic fiber transfer (i.e., twice and thrice a week over 60 days) significantly decreased the growth rate (p < 0.05). Accordingly, increasing microplastic fibers in sea cucumber habitats pose a threat to sea cucumbers because they can disrupt development. Thus, farmers are advised to select locations for farming sea cucumbers where low microplastic fiber concentrations are expected. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:205–212. © 2022 SETAC
The role of altered microRNA expression in premalignant and malignant head and neck lesions with epithelial origin
Authors: Farshbaf Alieh , Mohajertehran Farnaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Garmei Yasaman , Sabbagh Parisa , Mohtasham Nooshin
Published: November 2022

Background and Aims

The premalignant lesions of the oral cavity carry a risk of transformation to malignancy. Hence, early diagnosis followed by timely intervention remarkably affects the prognosis of patients. During tumorigenesis, particular microRNAs (miRNAs) show altered expressions and because of their post transcriptionally regulatory role could provide favorable diagnostic, therapeutic, or prognostic values in head and neck cancers.

Methods

In this review, we have demonstrated diagnostic, prognostic, and potential therapeutic roles of some miRNAs associated with oral premalignant and malignant lesions based on previous validate studies.

Results

It is previously documented that dysregulation of miRNAs contributes to cancer development and progression. MiRNAs could be tumor suppressors that normally suppress cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis or play as oncogenes that improved tumorigenesis process. Altered expression of miRNAs has also been reported in premalignant oral epithelial lesions such as leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, oral lichen planus and some malignant carcinoma like oral squamous cell, verrucous, spindle cell, Merkel cell carcinoma and basal cell.

Conclusion

Some of miRNAs could be new therapeutic candidates in miRNA‐based target gene therapy. Although more investigations are required to identify the most favorable miRNA candidate, altered expression of some miRNAs could be used as biomarkers in premalignant lesions and oral cancers with high sensitivity and specificity.
Antiplatelet drugs and breast cancer risk in a large nationwide Danish case‐control study
Authors: Cairat Manon , Pottegård Anton , Olesen Morten , Dossus Laure , Fournier Agnès , Hicks Blánaid
Published: November 2022

Low‐dose aspirin has been hypothesized to prevent cancer risk by inhibiting platelet aggregation. However, the anti‐cancer effect of low‐dose aspirin has recently been questioned and its effect on breast cancer development remains unclear. The impact of other antiplatelet drugs on breast cancer risk has rarely been evaluated. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the associations between breast cancer risk and antiplatelet drug use in a nationwide nested case‐control study. From the Danish healthcare registries, we identified as cases all women with invasive breast cancer diagnosis between 2001 and 2018 (n = 68 852). The date of diagnosis corresponded to the index date. We matched cases to 10 population controls on age and calendar time, using risk set sampling. Controls were assigned the same index date as their matched case. We used the prescription registry to identify exposure to low‐dose aspirin, clopidogrel and dipyridamole. We defined ever use of antiplatelet drugs as at least two prescriptions filled up to 1 year before the index date. We applied conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for breast cancer associated with the use of antiplatelet drugs, overall, by breast cancer subtype and by cumulative dose. Twelve percent of women had ever been exposed to low‐dose aspirin, 2% to clopidogrel and 2% to dipyridamole. In multivariable models, breast cancer risk was not associated with ever use of low‐dose aspirin (OR = 1.00 [0.97‐1.03]), clopidogrel (OR = 0.93 [0.87‐1.00]), and dipyridamole (OR = 1.02 [0.94‐1.10]), compared with never use, and there was no evidence of a dose‐response relation. However, we found an inverse association between dipyridamole use and breast cancer risk among women aged <55 years old, with suggestion of a dose‐response relationship (OR per 1000 Defined Daily Doses = 0.72 [0.54‐0.95]). Associations did not differ by breast cancer histological type, estrogen receptor status or clinical stage at diagnosis. Overall, the findings from this study do not support the use of antiplatelet drugs for breast cancer prevention.
Diabetes technology: A primer highlighting the role of the pharmacist
Authors: Hess Rick , Schumacher Christie , Whitley Heather P. , Reece Sara , Knezevich Emily L. , DeLa Peña Lea E. , Gross Benjamin , Knezevich Jon T. , Ginzburg Regina , Albanese Nicole P. , Isaacs Diana
Published: November 2022

The rapid advancement of technology has ushered in a new era of diabetes management, especially with regard to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and insulin delivery systems. Technology is changing at a fast pace and these tools can be unknown or confusing to people with diabetes. Pharmacists can play a major role in reducing barriers and facilitating shared decision‐making regarding the individualization of technology in diabetes care. The Endocrine and Metabolism PRN Research Committee solicited the PRN membership to draft an opinion paper on diabetes technology using the Identify‐Configure‐Collaborate (ICC) framework from the Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists. The primary goal of the opinion paper is to provide an educational primer to health care professionals interested in learning more about the emerging diabetes technology landscape and highlight the role of the pharmacist within the ICC framework.
On large partial ovoids of symplectic and Hermitian polar spaces
Authors: Ceria Michela , Beule Jan De , Pavese Francesco , Smaldore Valentino
Published: November 2022

In this paper we provide constructive lower bounds on the sizes of the largest partial ovoids of the symplectic polar spaces , odd square, , and of the Hermitian polar spaces , even or odd square, , , .
Sex‐specific associations between cardiovascular risk factors and physical function: the Gambian Bone and Muscle Ageing Study
Authors: Zengin Ayse , Ó Breasail Mícheál , Parsons Camille M. , Jarjou Landing M. , Janha Ramatoulie E. , Jobe Modou , Prentice Ann , Cooper Cyrus , Ebeling Peter R. , Ward Kate A.
Published: November 2022

Background

In Sub‐Saharan Africa, the prevalence of obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and impaired physical function are increasing due to rapid urbanization. We investigated sex differences in associations between cardiac workload, arterial stiffness, peripheral vascular calcification (PVC) and physical function in Gambian adults.

Methods

A total of 488 Gambians aged 40–75+ years were recruited (men: 239; and women: 249). Supine blood pressure and heart rate were measured to calculate rate pressure product and pulse pressure. Presence of PVC was determined from tibia peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans. Physical function was assessed by chair rise test (CRT), single two‐legged jump (s2LJ) and hand grip strength (HGS). Body composition was measured by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry; body size corrections were used to calculate fat mass index (FMI) and appendicular lean mass index (ALMI). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was measured from fasting blood samples. The relationship between rate pressure product, pulse pressure or presence of PVC (independent variable) with physical function parameters (dependent variable) was tested using linear regression. Sex‐interactions were tested (p‐int) adjusting for age, eGFR and ALMI/FMI. Results were expressed as mean differences between men and women with 95% confidence intervals. Mediation analyses used ALMI/FMI as mediator.

Results

Women weighed less (54.7 kg ± 10.3 vs. 59.9 kg ± 10.3) and were shorter (157.8 cm ± 6.0 vs. 169.2 cm ± 7.0) compared with men (both P < 0.0001). Women had higher FMI (6.8 kg/m2 ± 2.9 vs. 2.9 kg/m2 ± 2.0, P < 0.0001) and eGFR (263.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 ± 133.1 vs. 237.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 ± 134.6), but lower ALMI (6.2 kg/m2 ± 0.7 vs. 8.02 kg/m2 ± 1.0, P < 0.0001) compared with men. There were significant mean differences between men and women in rate pressure product and s2LJ power (−1.08 [−1.21, −0.95]) and force (−0.57 [−0.63, −0.51]), only after adjusting for age, eGFR and FMI. There were significant mean differences in the associations between pulse pressure and CRT power (−0.28 [−0.31, −0.25]), s2LJ power (−1.07 [−1.20, −0.93]) and HGS (−11.94 [−13.35, −10.54]); these differences were greater after adjusting for age, eGFR and FMI, than ALMI. There were similar differences in the associations between PVC and physical function parameters. In men, FMI mediated the association between rate pressuree product and CRT power (P = 0.002), s2LJ force (P < 0.001) and s2LJ power (P = 0.001). ALMI did not mediate associations for either men or women.

Conclusions

Multiple risk factors for CVD were associated with poorer physical function in men and were mediated by FMI. There is a need to identify strategies to slow/prevent the rising CVD burden and poor physical function in Sub‐Saharan Africa.
Kempe equivalence of 4‐critical planar graphs
Authors: Feghali Carl
Published: November 2022

Answering a question of Mohar from 2007, we show that for every 4‐critical planar graph, its set of 4‐colorings is a Kempe class.
Global longitudinal strain is superior to ejection fraction for long‐term follow‐up after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Watanabe Marika , Yakushijin Kimikazu , Tanaka Hidekazu , Chijiki Ruri , Saeki Miki , Hirakawa Yuri , Takakura Hidetomo , Usui Yutaro , Ichikawa Hiroya , Sakai Rina , Matsumoto Sakuya , Nagao Shigeki , Mizutani Yu , Kurata Keiji , Kitao Akihito , Miyata Yoshiharu , Saito Yasuyuki , Kawamoto Shinichiro , Yamamoto Katsuya , Ito Mitsuhiro , Matsuoka Hiroshi , Minami Hironobu
Published: November 2022

Global longitudinal strain (GLS), a new cardiac parameter measured by the speckle‐tracking method, is reportedly more sensitive than ejection fraction (EF) in detecting slight cardiac dysfunction in heart failure patients. We validated the utility of GLS in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients during a long‐term follow‐up. Medical records of patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT between 2013 and 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. We evaluated the last echocardiography performed before transplantation and those performed annually during the 5 years after transplantation. We also investigated newly diagnosed cardiac events, which developed after HSCT. Among 85 patients, 22 used cardioprotective drugs. The median follow‐up duration in surviving patients was 54.1 months (range, 2.9–92.6 months). GLS significantly decreased year by year, and patients taking cardioprotective agents tended to have a better GLS at 5 years than at 3 years, while EF did not change. Fifteen patients developed newly diagnosed cardiac events. Multivariate analysis revealed that low GLS and high serum ferritin levels at baseline were independently associated with the development of cardiac events. Therefore, we need a continuous follow‐up of cardiac function by GLS and prescription of cardioprotective drugs might be considered for HSCT patients with low GLS. Further research is warranted.
A refreshed approach to homology—Prioritizing epistemology over metaphysics
Authors: Minelli Alessandro
Published: November 2022

Unease with the inclusion of “sameness” in Owen's definition of homology characterizes a substantial part of the literature on this subject, where this term has acquired an increasingly strict metaphysical flavor. Taken for granted the existence of body features that are “the same,” their existence has been explained by appealing to universal laws of form, as the product of common ancestry, or in terms of proximal causes responsible for the emergence of conserved developmental modules. However, a fundamentally different approach is possible, if we shift attention from metaphysics to epistemology. We may reword Owen's statement as follows: organs of different animals,in so far as they can be described as the samedespite any difference in form and function, are called homologues. The proposed framework provides an umbrella for both the traditional, all‐or‐nothing concept of homology, and the less fashionable alternatives of factorial or partial homology, as well as for an extension of homology from form to function. No less attractive is the prospect to handle alsoghost homologues, the body parts or organs of which there is non‐objective evidence in a given clade, but can nevertheless be represented, in a description that encapsulates some of the traits observable in their extant homologue in the sister clade. Stripped of its different and constraining metaphysical explanations, homology survives as ananchor conceptto which differentnomadic disciplinesand research agendas can be associated.
Improving the efficiency and biosafety of respiratory syncytial virus identification using a nucleic acid extraction‐free reagent
Authors: Qiu Shuyan , Xu Duo , Dai Jing , Zhang Li , Tian Xingui , Li Xiao , Chen Dehui , Zhou Rong , Liu Wenkuan
Published: November 2022

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important virus that causes lower respiratory tract disease in children; efficient viral identification is an important component of disease prevention and treatment. Here, we developed and evaluated a ready‐to‐use (RTU) nucleic acid extraction‐free direct reagent for identification of RSV (RTU‐Direct test) in clinical samples. The limit of detection (LOD) of the RSV RTU‐Direct test was consistent with the LOD of the standard test using extracted nucleic acids. The virus inactivation ability of RTU‐Direct reagent was confirmed by viral infectivity assays involving RTU‐Direct‐treated samples containing RSV and human coronavirus OC43. RSV RNA stability was significantly better in RTU‐Direct reagent than in conventional virus transport medium (VTM) at room temperature and 4°C (p < 0.05). The clinical performance of the RTU‐Direct test was evaluated using 155 respiratory specimens from patients with suspected RSV infection. Positive agreement between the RTU‐Direct test and the VTM standard test was 100% (42/42); negative agreement was 99.1% (112/113), and the kappa statistic was 0.968 (p < 0.001). The distributions of Ct values did not significantly differ between the RTU‐Direct test and the standard test (p > 0.05). Overall, the RTU‐Direct reagent can improve the efficiency and biosafety of RSV detection, while reducing the cost of detection.