bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective and “veiled” demarketing from the perspective of black female consumers
Authors: Rocha Ana Raquel Coelho , Casotti Leticia Moreira
Published: October 2018

Abstract This study sheds light on the perspective of Black female consumers in regard to certain effects of marketing initiatives adopting the literature on demarketing as a framework. The context examined is their experience with the market of hair beauty and care. Media actions are analyzed along with narrative interviews in order to understand the phenomenon. The findings reveal a dominant structural pattern which perpetuates the marginalized status of Black women’s natural traits. Emerging market initiatives point to movements concerning the visibility of these female consumers, who despite being eager to consume, have their demand discouraged. This suggests that they perceive selective and veiled demarketing as one of the results of marketing actions. The analysis invites for theoretical reflections on demarketing and veiled racism in Brazil.
Judging good appearance in personnel selection
Authors: dos Santos Paim Altair , Pereira Marcos Emanoel
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Judgement of what one views as good appearance in the selection of job applicants may reveal racial bias in access to the labor market. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of racism in judging physical appearance in personnel selection. The non-random sample was composed of seventy-four (74) participants, of whom forty-two were human resources professionals (57%). The instruments used were an assessment of résumés, a set of prejudice scales, an inventory of racism in the labor market, an indicator of good appearance and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Three hypotheses were tested. Hypothesis 1, which postulated a preference for white candidates was confirmed. Hypothesis 2 was corroborated, because the professionals showed a higher tendency to choose candidates with a fairer complexion. Hypothesis 3, which made reference to good appearance was rejected, because the participants elected hygiene as a further element present in the judgment in selecting candidates. Finally, it is considered that the selection process should be based on the acceptance of racial diversity, a key element for the development of creative and innovative organizations.
The invisibility of the black population in modern slavery: evidence based on conditions of social vulnerability
Authors: Baptista Rodrigo Martins , Bandeira Mariana Lima , Souza Maria Tereza Saraiva de
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to identify the associations between the social conditions of vulnerability and the racial profile of modern slavery. It presents findings from qualitative research developed between 2011 and 2016 on the institutional and organizational mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of modern slavery in Brazil, based on the theoretical framework of Crane (2013), Bales (2004) and Datta and Bales (2013; 2014). From a methodological point of view, this study makes use of socioeconomic, geographic, sociocultural and social vulnerability indicators produced mainly by the reports published by members of the National Pact for the Eradication of Slave Labor Institute (Instituto Pacto Nacional pela Erradicação do Trabalho Escravo - InPACTO) and the public sector. The article’s contribution centers on the incorporation of the variable race and color, indicating its relation to modern slavery, in addition to showing how contemporary slave labor coexists with the economically representative productive chains in Brazil, some of which are members of InPACTO.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument "tool to estimate patient's costs" in priority municipalities of Brazil in tuberculosis control
Authors: Nunes Gabriela Ferreira , Guidoni Leticia Molino , Zandonade Eliana , Negri Leticya dos Santos Almeida , Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia
Published: October 2018

Abstract Introduction: Tuberculosis is historically associated with poverty, generating costs that can influence treatment. Considering the impact of the costs of illness, the importance of adapting the instrument is highlighted. Objective: To adapt transculturally to Brazilian Portuguese the instrument Tool to Estimate Patient's Costs. Methods: Study of the type transcultural adaptation of instrument. The translation followed the criteria described by Herdman, 1998, in order to preserve functional equivalence as much as possible. The questionnaire with cross-cultural adaptation was applied to 77 patients, with at least one full month of treatment for the disease. Results: Instrument was shown with Cronbach Alpha above 0.71 constituting a good tool for measuring the costs of the disease, being necessary modifications. Conclusions: This study suggests the creation of an instrument adapted for the treatment of TB in Brazil, for the evaluation of costs with the illness by tuberculosis.
Clinical and laboratory variables associated with mortality outcome in the post-operative pediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Silva Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana da , Stipp Marluci Andrade Conceição , Pereira Fernanda Maria Vieira , Paes Graciele Oroski , Knupp Virginia Maria de Azevedo Oliveira
Published: October 2018

Abstract Objective: To identify clinical and laboratory variables associated with mortality outcome in the post-operative pediatric cardiac surgery. Method: Descriptive, retrospective study carried out in three reference centers in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, from the collection in 120 medical reports of children with Congenital Heart Disease undergoing surgery. Data were analyzed by using central tendency measures and association tests between variables and mortality. p < 0.05 was considered. Results: We observed the mortality outcome in 10 (7.2%) of the children after analyzing all medical records. The dialysis and extracorporeal circulation times, aortic and surgical clamping variables were associated with mortality outcome (p < 0.05). Conclusion and Implications for practice: The identification of these variables is a major factor for the control of the main post-operative complications, allowing the recognition of subtle clinical alterations requiring attention and immediate intervention with consequent reduction of mortality.
Continuing education: speeches by professionals of one Basic Health Unit
Authors: Campos Kátia Ferreira Costa , Marques Rita de Cássia , Silva Kênia Lara
Published: October 2018

Abstract Objective: To analyze the speeches of health professionals about continuing education in the daily life of a basic health unit. Method: Qualitative study developed at a primary health care unit of Belo Horizonte, based on the theory of Agnes Heller's daily life with critical discourse analysis. In-depth interviews with 25 professionals were developed. Results: Recycling, updating, institutional responsibility, continuous learning, discomfort and transformation, revealed by vocabulary, interdiscourse, temporality, modality, evaluation and institutional social practice. Professionals blame the institution, but value continuing education for the transformation in work processes and attention to users. Final considerations and implications for practice: The discomfort provides action-reflection and changes in the attention to users. Recycle and update relates the professional's adaptation to technological updating, without necessarily producing changes. To expand discussion with professionals about daily potential, for recognition and appreciation of continuing education in daily life, as an instrument of change in social practices.
Influence of gustatory and olfactory perception in the oral phase of swallowing in smokers
Authors: Santos Karoline Weber dos , Echeveste Simone Soares , Vidor Deisi Cristina Gollo Marques
Published: October 2018

Purpose: To analyze the difference between nonsmokers and smokers on the changes in the perceptions of smell and taste and to verify the influence of these aspects in the emergence of compensatory movements during swallowing. Methods: To evaluate these aspects, capabilities of olfactory and gustatory recognition were observed, as well as the compensation swallowing. Twenty-four patients were evaluated in each study group aged from 18 years, grouped in a stratified way. The olfactory evaluation consisted in presenting seven essences and one of three options should be chosen. For the taste test, 16 flavors were offered in a non-sequential and decreasing way in amount of solute. Swallowing solid and liquid was evaluated, in which aspects of compensation perioral muscles were observed. Results: Worst performance in olfactory and gustatory tests among smokers (p≤0.01) was found. Through the results of χ2 and Fisher's exact tests, it was found that the contraction of the mentalis muscle is less observed in non-smokers, and smokers have an average degree of statistically significant change compared to nonsmokers. Furthermore, through the Spearman correlation coefficient, it was found that the worsening in the sensory tests implies increased compensation during swallowing in smokers. Conclusion: These data allowed us to verify that the sensory changes have influence on swallowing pattern, indicating that these changes are aspects that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of changes in swallowing.
O gênero e a idade influenciam as dimensões do palato duro? Revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Berwig Luana Cristina , Marquezan Mariana , Milanesi Jovana de Moura , Montenegro Márlon Munhoz , Ardenghi Thiago Machado , Toniolo da Silva Ana Maria
Published: October 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a influência do gênero e da idade nas dimensões do palato duro, bem como verificar os parâmetros de referência disponíveis na literatura. Estratégia de pesquisa Dois examinadores realizaram a pesquisa de forma independente nas bases de dados Cochrane Library, PubMed-Medline e Web of Knowledge utilizando os descritores de acordo com as regras de sintaxe de cada banco de dados. Critérios de seleção Estudos em humanos observacionais ou experimentais, que avaliaram as dimensões do palato duro ou do arco dentário maxilar com pelo menos uma mensuração no plano transversal, vertical ou sagital em oclusões normais ou más oclusões classe I e que realizaram comparações das dimensões entre os gêneros e/ou idades. Análise de dados Análise descritiva, seguindo subdivisões: delineamento, amostra, instrumentos de avaliação, medidas em milímetros e análise estatística. A qualidade dos estudos incluídos foi verificada através da escala “Newcastle - Ottawa Quality”. Resultados Foram selecionados 18 estudos. Destes, 11 apresentaram resultados das dimensões do palato duro ou do arco dentário maxilar conforme o gênero, seis em idade e gênero e um somente em idade. Conclusão As medidas foram maiores no gênero masculino e houve um aumento progressivo nas dimensões do nascimento até o período de dentição permanente.
EDUCAÇÃO & SOCIEDADE 40 ANOS: REVISITANDO SUA TRAJETÓRIA À GUISA DE QUASE-DEPOIMENTO
Authors: Saviani Dermeval
Published: October 2018

RESUMO: Este artigo aborda a trajetória de 40 anos da Revista Educação & Sociedade situando o contexto político de surgimento da publicação correspondente à década de 1970, caracterizada pelo auge e declínio da ditadura militar no Brasil. Situa, na sequência, a mobilização do campo educacional no processo de abertura democrática e descreve, em um terceiro momento, o quadro institucional em que se inseriu a fundação da revista, apresentando uma possível explicação para a escolha do nome Educação & Sociedade. Por fim, retoma sucintamente os 11 números com os quais o autor contribuiu diretamente.
Phytophagous insects in cotton crop residues during the fallow period in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Silva Rafael Azevedo da , Degrande Paulo Eduardo , Gomes Carlos Eduardo Carducci , Souza Ellen Patricia de , Leal Mateus Fuchs
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to analyze the faunistic composition of the insect pests that occur during the fallow period in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) crop residues in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The study sites were the municipalities of Alcinópolis, Chapadão do Sul, Costa Rica, Aral Moreira, Dourados, and Sidrolândia. A sampling design with two replicates per municipality was used. Each replicate comprised 100 random points, and each point corresponded to a cotton plant that was entirely inspected, to count the insect pests on it. The obtained fauna was analyzed and a rarefaction curve of the species was generated. During the evaluation period, a total of 23 species were recorded in the cotton crop residue, and the most frequent and abundant were Bemisia tabaci, Aphis gossypii, Frankliniella schultzei, and Anthonomus grandis. The caterpillars were predominantly found on the non-Bt cotton crops in Dourados, and Chapadão do Sul was the municipality that exhibited the greatest species diversity. Despite being mandatory, the destruction of cotton stalks during the fallow period was not able to completely eliminate the insect pests during the study period; among these insect pests, A. grandis stands out, a species that affects the dynamics of cotton pest control.
Relationship among Entomosporium severity, defoliation, and vegetative-reproductive variables in pear in Brazil
Authors: Bogo Amauri , Gonçalves Mayra Juline , Sanhueza Rosa Maria Valdebenito , Rufato Leo , Casa Ricardo Trezzi , Bem Betina Pereira de , Silva Fabio Nascimento da
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship among Entomosporium severity, defoliation, and vegetative-reproductive variables of three European pear cultivars in Southern Brazil. The Packham’s Triumph, Abate Fetel, and Williams pear cultivars were assessed regarding Entomosporium severity, defoliation, and natural leaf fall every two weeks, from the appearance of the first symptoms at the beginning of January until the end of April, during the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop seasons. The vegetative and reproductive variables were evaluated in July, during the dormant period. Data on Entomosporium severity were integrated over time and converted into the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The coefficient of determination (R2) of the linear regression of Entomosporium severity versus defoliation was significant for all studied cultivars and crop seasons. Defoliation in trees affected by Entomosporium was significantly higher than natural leaf fall in the control trees protected by fungicides. A negative correlation was observed among defoliation, branch fertility index, and plant height, indicating that the higher the defoliation, the lower the development of the vegetative and reproductive variables plant height and vigor. Entomosporium severity differed significantly among cultivars when the AUDPC was considered the differentiating epidemiological variable. The Abate Fetel and Williams pear cultivars are the most susceptible and resistant to Entomosporium, respectively.
Agronomic performance of soybean grown in succession to winter cover crops
Authors: Krenchinski Fábio Henrique , Cesco Victor José Salomão , Rodrigues Danilo Morilha , Albrecht Leandro Paiola , Wobeto Katle Samaya , Albrecht Alfredo Júnior Paiola
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crop species on the agronomic performance of soybean (Glycine max) cropped in succession, under a no-tillage system. The study was conducted during three crop seasons (2011/2012, 2012/2013, and 2013/2014), with the following cover crops: white oat (Avena sativa), black oat (Avena strigosa), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), vetch (Vicia sativa), forage radish (Raphanus sativus), the intercrop black oat + forage radish, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) as the standard management. Forage radish and the intercrop black oat + forage radish provided greater soil cover rates after 30 days of planting, as well as dry matter production in the three crop seasons. After 45 and 90 days from desiccation, however, white oat and ryegrass showed the highest soil cover rate. Black oat and the intercrop black oat + forage radish provided higher soybean yield than the standard management with wheat, in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop seasons. Winter cover crops can significantly affect soybean yield in succession, and black oat and the intercrop black oat + forage radish stand out for this purpose.
Yield performance of apple rootstocks of the Geneva series on replanting soil
Authors: Denardi Frederico , Kvitschal Marcus Vinícius , Hawerroth Maraisa Crestani
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to identify rootstocks with competitive agronomic potential to substitute those currently used in Southern Brazil for the Galaxy and Fuji Suprema apple scion cultivars cultivated on replanting soils. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Lebon Regis, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from the 2009/2010 to the 2014/2015 crop season, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The yield performance of the 'Galaxy' and 'Fuji Suprema' scions grafted on the G.056, G.202, G.213, G.814, G.896, G.969, M.9, and Marubakaido/M.9 rootstocks was evaluated. G.896 and G.814 stood out due to their superior annual and cumulative fruit yields, as well as to their greater yield regularity, although they showed lower ability of dwarfing the scion. The greatest average fruit weight of 'Galaxy' was obtained on G.056 and G.213. For 'Fuji Suprema', G.969 promoted smaller fruits, whereas the other rootstocks did not differ. All the evaluated rootstocks produced less suckers than Marubakaido/M.9 and less burrknots than M.9 and Marubakaido/M.9. In general, on replanting soil conditions, G.202 is promising among dwarfing rootstocks, mainly for 'Fuji Suprema'. G.056, G.814, and G.896 also stand out, and the two first are more specific for 'Fuji Suprema'.
Sensitivity analysis of the AquaCrop parameters for rainfed corn in the South of Brazil
Authors: Martini Luiz Carlos Pittol
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to perform a sensitivity analysis of the main input parameters required for the AquaCrop water balance model, using biomass and grain yield data of a rainfed-simulated corn crop, obtained along the climate data series of 1987-2016 in the South of Brazil. The levels of soil-water stress and the depths of maximum effective rooting were the input parameters that most affected the biomass and grain yields simulated by the model, followed by the crop coefficient, water-use efficiency, soil water storage capacity, and contribution of groundwater to water availability in the root zone. The parameters crop cycle duration, plant density, pattern of soil-water extraction, and field surface practices showed little or no impact on the final results. AquaCrop is a robust water balance model, with small or moderate general sensitivity to variations of the main input parameter values, which makes it applicable to situations with field data limitations.
Influence of ryegrass managements on the physical properties of a Haplohumox
Authors: Vizioli Bruno , Cavalieri-Polizeli Karina Maria Vieira , Barth Gabriel
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) managements on the physical properties of a Haplohumox, and on the yields of corn and of ryegrass cultivated in succession to corn. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with three treatments and three replicates, in which treatments were the different managements of ryegrass under no-tillage for silage, soil cover, and grazing. After nine years of management, samples were collected at 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.30-m soil depths, to determine the following soil properties: texture, total organic carbon, soil bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, and resistance to root penetration. The index of structural stability was estimated from texture and total organic carbon data. Maximum soil bulk density and permanent wilting point were also estimated from pedotransfer functions. Corn and ryegrass dry matter yields were determined from plants harvested inside the plot area. Total organic carbon content increased as depth increased. The ryegrass managements in no-tillage system, in succession to corn, does not influence the soil physical properties of a Haplohumox, and maintains high corn and ryegrass yields.
Meta-analysis of the immunocastration technique (anti-GnRH) for male bovines in the finishing phase
Authors: Machado Diego Soares , Joner Guilherme , Pereira Lucas Braido , Pötter Luciana , Brondani Ivan Luiz , Alves Filho Dari Celestino
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to analyze the effects of immunocastration on the performance and carcass quality of steers in the finishing phase, compared with non-castration and surgical castration. Data from ten studies with records of 1,261 male bovines were analyzed. The studies included in the meta-analysis necessarily contained treatments with immunocastration specifically against the gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Each study was considered as a random effect in the statistical model used. The data were tested for homogeneity of variances and residue normality, and then subjected to the analysis of variance. Means were compared by Student’s t-test. Non-castrated steers showed greater daily weight gain, feed efficiency, slaughter and hot carcass weights, and loin eye area, besides lower fat thickness than surgically-castrated animals and the lowest a* and b* meat coloration values. Overall, immunocastrated steers were inferior to the non-castrated ones, but superior to those surgically-castrated. Immunocastrated steers present performance and carcass traits superior to those of surgically-castrated animals, but similar meat quality.
Anatomical Changes on the Stem and Leaves of Solanum lycopersicum Caused by Different Concentrations of Picloram + 2,4-D, in Two Different Types of Soil
Authors: BATISTÃO A.C. , YAMASHITA O.M. , SILVA I.V. , ARAÚJO C.F. , LAVEZO A.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: Contamination by herbicides with a prolonged effect on the soil can cause anatomical changes in sensitive plants. Thus, this study aimed at verifying the anatomical changes of tomato stem and leaves caused by different concentrations of picloram in two classes of soil from the Amazon region. The study was developed at UNEMAT, Alta Floresta - Mato Grosso state, in a CRD, in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement, with four replications. A clayey Rhodic Hapludox (LVAw) and a sandy clay loam Typic Ustipsamments (RQo) were contaminated with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 L ha-1 of Tordon®, leaving the soil exposed to weathering. One-hundred and twenty days after the application of the herbicide, 10 tomato seeds were sown in samples of both soils. Thirty days after sowing, cross sections of stem and leaf were fixed in FAA50, immersed in methacrylate, cut into a rotary microtome and stained with toluidine blue. The thickness of stem and leaf tissues was analyzed. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression analysis by the statistical program Sisvar. The increase in the concentration of picloram caused an increase in the thickness of the leaf blade and in the vascular bundle of the leaf in both soils, with greater effect in the LVAw, where there was tissue disorganization, with irregular and quite collapsed lacunar parenchyma cells and large intercellular spaces. There was also an increase in the diameter of the cortex and in the vascular cylinder of the stem up to the concentration of 2 L ha-1, but in the RQo, plants had more flattened cells with conspicuous intercellular spaces. The anatomical structures of the leaf were more affected by this herbicide.
Manual Crowning Versus Cardboard in Forest Restoration: Costs and Effect on Seedling Development
Authors: GONÇALVES F.L.A. , RESENDE A.S. , LIMA I.S.S. , CHAER G.M.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: Invasive grasses are one of the biggest obstacles to be overcome in restoration plantations. Thus, developing efficient and low-cost techniques to overcome this obstacle is a challenge for science and the ecological restoration practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of cardboard for the crowning operation on the growth of forest tree species from the Atlantic Forest biome and on the operating costs of this technique in a reforestation implemented in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro state. The predominant vegetation of the area was of Andropogon bicornis L. An experiment was installed in randomized blocks, with two treatments and 12 replications. The treatments consisted of crowning with cardboard and crowning with hoe. The used cardboard (50 x 50 cm) were pre-treated with a preservative solution with CuSO4. Treatments were applied to 11 forest species from the Atlantic Forest biome: Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul, Citharexylum myrianthum Cham., Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong, Eugenia brasiliensis Lam, Eugenia uniflora Lam, Handroanthus chrysotrichus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos, Hymenaea courbaril L., Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd., Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, Plathymenia reticulata Benth. e Triplaris americana L. Evaluations were carried out as for height, diameter at collar height (DCH) and survival rate, 6, 12 and 18 months after planting. The costs of each crowning method were also quantified. Overall, the height, DCH and growth rates did not differ between the crowning treatments for the species evaluated. However, the cardboard crowning treatment showed a higher survival rate (80%) of plants, compared with the hoe crowning (73%). The cost of the crowning with cardboard over a 12-month period was 40% lower than that of the crowning with hoe. These results show that the cardboard crowning technique can be a viable and a cost effective alternative to replace the crowning with hoe in reforestation areas with species from the Atlantic Forest biome.
Water Stress in the Production and Quality of Bidens pilosa and Raphanus raphanistrum Seeds
Authors: PEREIRA M.R.R. , MARTINS C.C. , SILVA JR. A.C. , MARTINS D.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: Plants in soils with low water availability may present a reduction of their leaf area and photosynthetic rate, as well as lower assimilated compound supply for seeds. Knowing the physiological quality and seed production of weeds generated under water deficit conditions can help understanding the survival and competition strategies of species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of water stress on the production and germination of Bidens pilosa and Raphanus raphanistrum seeds. Plants were maintained in soils with different water potentials (-0.03, -0.07 and -1.5 MPa) throughout their cycle, until seed production, when they were harvested. Then, evaluations were performed to find out the number of seeds per plant and number of seeds per pod (Raphanus raphanistrum). The evaluation on the germination of these seeds was performed on moistened paper, with four replications, at 20-35 oC and 8 hours of light per day, weekly, until 28 days after seeding. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments (soil water potential: -0.03 MPa, -0.07 MPa and -1.5 MPa). The results were submitted to analysis of variance by F test, and the means of the treatments were compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. It was concluded that Bidens pilosa is more adapted to water deficit conditions than Raphanus raphanistrum, due to the higher production of seeds, better germination and seedlings with greater vigor.
Impact of Nitrogen Levels on Associated Weeds, Fodder Ability and Grain Protein Content of Dual-Purpose Wheat
Authors: NAVEED K. , BALOCH M.S. , QAYYUM A. , MEHMOOD A. , HUSSAIN I. , ALI N.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: Studies were carried out to see the response of dual-purpose wheat to different nitrogen levels i.e. 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 in cut (for forage and grain purpose) vs. uncut (for grain only) treatments at the Agriculture Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan during the years 2009-10 and 2010-11. The results revealed that maximum number of days to heading (123.5 and 124.5), plant height (117.7 and 116.6 cm), grain protein content (11.59 and 12.47%), fresh forage yield (2,646 and 2,956 kg ha-1) and grain yield (4,631 and 4,489 kg ha-1) were recorded in plots that received either 150 or 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen respectively and vice-versa. The data indicated higher values for number of days to heading in cut (124.9) as compared to uncut plots (118.9). Uncut plots attained maximum plant height (112.4 cm), leaf area index and duration at 112 DAS (2.82 and 45.2 respectively) and crop growth rate (15.44 g m-2 day-1). Significantly lower fresh and dry weed weights were recorded in cut plots as compared to uncut plots while different nitrogen levels did not affect them significantly. Grain protein content was slightly lower in cut plots (11.11%) under different levels of nitrogen as compared to uncut plots (11.24). Dual-purpose wheat resulted in a higher benefit cost ratio as compared to grain-only wheat using higher nitrogen levels. It was concluded from the studies that either 150 or 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen can be profitably used for enhancing dual-purpose wheat productivity.
Interference of Volunteer Corn on Stress Metabolism and Yield of Dry Beans
Authors: PIASECKI C. , RIZZARDI M.A. , SCHONS J. , CAVERZAN A. , OLIVEIRA C.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: Dry bean cultivation after corn favors the occurrence of volunteer corn plants which interfere with the crop and cause yield losses of dry bean. Yield losses resulting from interferences caused by corn may be related to oxidative stress, which, in turn, is caused by the higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This work aimed to quantify H2O2 contents, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in dry beans under interference with densities of volunteer corn F2 originated from individual plants and clumps (seven corn plants emerged at the same point). Two experiments were carried out in a randomized blocks design with three replicates in Passo Fundo - RS, Brazil. Enzyme analysis was performed in a laboratory at 21, 35 and 46 days after dry bean emergence (DAE). Corn densities were 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 plants or clumps m-2. The results show changes in H2O2 levels and in the activity of SOD, CAT, and APX enzymes with the increase of corn densities, in which the highest activity occurred for SOD. The interference of volunteer corn with dry beans alters the stress metabolism of dry bean but does not cause oxidative stress. The yield of dry beans reduced under interference with volunteer corn F2, but it is higher when the corn was originated from clumps.
Physiological Characteristics of Trees Recommended for the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Herbicides
Authors: AGUIAR L.M. , SANTOS J.B. , FERREIRA E.A. , CABRAL C.M. , PEREIRA I.M. , BARROSO G.M. , SANTOS N.M.C.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: Herbicides are inputs with a high volume of use in agricultural production systems for weed management; however, the environmental contamination they cause is a reality. The objective of this research was to evaluate the tolerance of tree species used for the phytoremediation of herbicides in the soil, to atrazine, clomazone and 2,4-D, through the evaluation of photosynthetic indices. Thus, a randomized block design experiment was conducted with four replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement, where the first factor represented the herbicides atrazine, clomazone and 2,4-D and the control treatment without herbicide (water). The second factor consisted in the use of pre-selected tree species for the phytoremediation of soils with residues of the products [Eremanthus crotonoides DC. (candeia), - Richeria grandis Vahl (richeria), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl) Marchand, (breu-branco) Kielmeyera latrophyton Saddi, Kew Bull, (pau-santo) Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess (guanandi)]. The herbicides were applied through dishes placed under the culture containers of the plants, when they presented eight months of development. After 15 days from the herbicide application, the visual intoxication, stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), CO2 concentration in the substomatal chamber (Ci), and water use efficiency (WUE) were evaluated. The herbicides affected differently the physiological characteristics of the tree species; atrazine was the most harmful product. Individuals under the effect of 2,4-D and clomazone presented lower variation for their physiological characteristics, compared to the respective control treatments. Breu-branco, despite showing low visual intoxication provided by the herbicides, was the most affected species by the products. On the other hand, candeia was the most tolerant species to the action of the herbicides.
Physiological Variables in Pineapples Submitted to the Application of Diuron
Authors: CARVALHO A.R.J. , MAIA V.M. , ASPIAZÚ I. , PEGORARO R.F. , OLIVEIRA F.S
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Diuron is a widely used herbicide on pineapple cultivations. However, its application is recommended only for the implementation of the crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the gas exchanges of four pineapple cultivars submitted to the application of the herbicide diuron at their reproductive stage. The experiment was conducted with the IAC Fantástico, Vitória, MD2 and Pérola pineapple cultivars using the active ingredient diuron at a dose of 7.5 mL L-1. Measurements of CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, vapor pressure deficit and water use efficiency were carried out weekly, by the hour, on two plants per cultivar, over a 24 hour period. These determinations were carried out two days before the application of the herbicide and 8, 15, 22, 29 and 36 days after application of the herbicide. Measurement of photochemical efficiency was performed weekly on the same dates and all these determinations were made on the ‘D’ leaf. Measurements of gas exchange were performed with an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) and of chlorophyll a fluorescence with a fluorometer. The application of diuron reduced the assimilation of CO2 in the pineapple varieties IAC Fantástico, Vitória, MD2 and Pérola, at their reproductive phase, in all CAM metabolism stages. Diuron promoted a temporary reduction of the stomatal conductance and a temporary increase in water use efficiency. The photochemical efficiency of the studied pineapple cultivars was negatively affected by the herbicide diuron, with the recovery of the initial values by cultivar IAC Fantástico.
Degradation Enhancement as the Mechanism of Resistance to Imazethapyr in Barnyardgrass
Authors: DALAZEN G. , PISONI A. , RAFAELI R.S. , MEROTTO JR. A.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: Non-target site (NTS) herbicide resistance by degradation enhancement is an increasing problem in several weeds around the world. In this study, the occurrence of degradation enhancement by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (cytP450) was evaluated as the mechanism of resistance to imazethapyr in barnyardgrass. The cytP450 inhibitors malathion and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and the inducer naphthalic anhydride (NA), applied in mixture or sequentially with imazethapyr, were evaluated on imidazolinone-susceptible and -resistant barnyardgrass byotipes. In addition, the degradation of imazethapyr was analyzed in plants treated with imazethapyr applied alone or two hours after malathion or NA. The spraying of malathion and PBO reduced the resistance factor (RF) from 15.92 to 3.44 and 4.99, respectively, in the resistant population PALMS01. Conversely, the cytP450 inducer NA increased the RF from 4.45 to 8.32. Malathion increased imazethapyr concentrations in resistant barnyardgrass in comparison with plants sprayed with the herbicide alone, indicating the inhibition of imazethapyr degradation. The simultaneous spraying of malathion and imazethapyr was less efficient than the previous application of this cytP450 inhibitor. These results indicate that degradation enhancement caused by cytP450 enzymes is involved in the resistance mechanism of barnyardgrass to imazethapyr, and appropriate measures should be taken to manage these populations.
Educação e desenvolvimento: inflexões na política educacional amapaense (1944-2002)
Authors: Lobato Sidney
Published: October 2018

RESUMO Este artigo analisa e compara duas políticas educacionais realizadas no Amapá. A primeira fora levada a cabo pelo governo de Janary Gentil Nunes (1944-1956) e tinha por meta formar trabalhadores disciplinados e aptos a colaborar na geração de grandes excedentes comercializáveis, por meio da exaustiva exploração de recursos naturais locais. A segunda fora efetivada pelo governo de João Alberto Capiberibe (1995-2002) e visava à disseminação de uma consciência ambiental que levasse os amapaenses a valorizar tanto a preservação do meio ambiente quanto as formas tradicionais de vida e trabalho. A comparação entre essas políticas evidenciou que a educação, nos dois períodos, foi percebida como um fundamental instrumento de transformação das práticas sociais, tendo em vista a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos cidadãos. Ficou também evidente que os dois governos tinham visões muito díspares de desenvolvimento regional e, portanto, dos valores a serem difundidos por meio das escolas.
Socialização de habitus: um diálogo entre Norbert Elias e Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Setton Maria Graça Jacintho
Published: October 2018

RESUMO O objetivo desta reflexão é identificar e analisar as aproximações e os distanciamentos das obras de Norbert Elias e Pierre Bourdieu, a partir do conceito de habitus. Trata-se de uma iniciativa no campo da sociologia da educação, mais especificamente, um empreendimento acerca do conceito de habitus e suas relações indissociáveis com os processos de socialização. A intenção é evidenciar que os autores, ainda que com projetos sociológicos distintos, assemelham-se, sobretudo no que tange a uma construção epistemológica sobre o funcionamento do mundo social e suas relações com a construção dos indivíduos. Para fundamentar o argumento, como não poderia deixar de ser, em se tratando de uma reflexão no campo da socialização, apresento uma leitura de suas trajetórias científicas. Em seguida, chego à questão central da discussão: o conceito de habitus e suas nem tão distintas formulações. Por fim, concluo, com breves ponderações sobre os ganhos desta empreitada.
Gastos com salários e desempenho em matemática: uma análise baseada nas escolas municipais de SBC
Authors: Galvão Fernando Vizotto
Published: October 2018

Resumo Este trabalho explora a relação entre gastos com educação e desempenho escolar, a partir de informações de gastos no nível das escolas. A análise da relação entre gastos e desempenho tem se baseado em estimativas que utilizam dados agregados de gastos com educação. Neste artigo, indicamos a importância da informação de gastos no nível da escola para que se possa avançar no sentido de compreender não somente se gastos com educação estão ou não associados ao desempenho, mas como diferentes tipos de gastos estão relacionados de diferentes formas ao desempenho dos alunos. Com base na revisão da literatura pertinente, elaboramos uma proposta de categorias de gastos com pessoal para as escolas da rede municipal de São Bernardo do Campo, sendo as categorias de maior agregação as que dizem respeito ao que consideramos gastos diretamente relacionados ao ensino e gastos indiretamente relacionados ao ensino. A partir das categorias delimitadas, baseadas nas informações de gastos por escola, foram exploradas as relações entre gastos por aluno e desempenho em matemática na Prova Brasil de 2013, por meio de análise de regressão. As estimativas revelaram que a relação entre gastos e desempenho não é homogênea entre as diferentes categorias de gasto e que a especificação dos modelos melhora na medida em que os gastos são desagregados. Dentre os resultados obtidos, destacamos aquele que indica uma relação positiva e significante entre os gastos com coordenação pedagógica e o desempenho em matemática.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Değerlere İlişkin Metaforları
Authors: DEMİR ATALAY Tazegül , FIRAT DURDUKOCA Şule
Published: October 2018

Bir toplumun
sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik, milli ve manevi birçok kodunun şifresi olarak
nitelendirebileceğimiz “değer” kavramı, yaşadığımız çağın en temel çalışma
alanını oluşturmaktadır. Nitekim küreselleşen dünyada toplumlara özgü
özellikler giderek yok olmakta ya da değişime uğramaktadır. Bu nedenle uluslara
özgü değerlerin tespiti ve gelecek nesillere aktarılması hayati öneme sahiptir.
Bu aktarımda en önemli vazife ise öğretmenlere düşmektedir. Bu nedenle değer
kavramı ve bu kavram dahilindeki tüm bilinmezleri öğretmenlerin ve bu mesleğe
henüz başlamamış öğretmen adaylarının her yönüyle bilmesi gerekmektedir.  Bu araştırmaya da bu gereklilik kaynaklık
etmiştir. Araştırmada iki kısımdan oluşan bir incelenmeye gidilmiştir. Bu
kapsamda farklı alanlarda eğitim gören öğretmen adaylarının
milli/manevi/evrensel değerlere yönelik metaforik algılarını belirlenmeye
çalışan üç soruluk bir form kullanılmıştır. Yine aynı formda  “Milli/manevi/evrensel değer nedir
açıklayınız ve örnekler veriniz” şeklinde düzenlenmiş açık uçlu üç adet soru
verilmiş ve öğretmen adaylarının daha çok bilgi ve kavrama düzeyinde değer
kavramına ilişkin alt yapıları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Nitel araştırma
yöntemleri arasında yer alan fenomonolojik modelle desenlenen bu araştırmanın
örneklemini 2017-2018 bahar yarıyılında Kafkas Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi
bünyesinde yer alan Anabilim Dallarının 4. sınıflarında öğrenim gören ve
araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılmak isteyen toplam 182 öğretmen adayı
oluşturmaktadır. Amaçsal örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen araştırmanın çalışma
grubunu 4. sınıflarda öğrenim gören öğretmen adayları oluşturmaktadır. Bu
grubun belirlenmesindeki amaç, bu adayların hizmet öncesi eğitimlerinin son
aşamalarında olmaları nedeniyle, daha fazla sayıda genel kültür, öğretmenlik
meslek bilgisi ve alan bilgisi dersleri almaları ve bu derslerin kapsamına
serpiştirilmiş olan milli, manevi ve evrensel değerler hakkında diğer öğrenim
kademelerindeki öğrencilere göre daha fazla bilgiye sahip olmaları sayıltısıdır.
Verilerin analizinde nitel yöntemler arasında yer alan içerik analizi çözümleme
tekniği kullanılmıştır.  Araştırma sonucunda araştırmaya katılan
182 öğretmen adayından; 154’ünün milli değer kavramına ilişkin geçerli 71 adet,
125’inin manevi değer kavramına ilişkin geçerli 59 adet, 140’ının ise evrensel
değer kavramına ilişkin geçerli 67 adet metafor ürettikleri tespit edilmiştir.
Katılımcı öğretmen adaylarının milli değer kavramına yönelik olarak en sık
ürettikleri metaforun ise “bayrak” olduğu belirlenmiştir. Katılımcı 182 öğretmen adayının 125’inin manevi değer
kavramına ilişkin olarak 59 adet geçerli ve farklı metafor ürettiği tespit
edilmiştir. Bu metaforlar içerisinde frekans değeri en yüksek olan ise “sevgi”
metaforudur. Yine öğretmen adaylarının evrensel değer kavramına yönelik olarak
geçerli 67 metafor ürettikleri ve en sık üretilen metaforların ise “dünya,
gökyüzü” ve “su” metaforları olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
La Teoría del Juego Social de Carlos Matus y los Estudios de Políticas Públicas: Exploraciones Teóricas
Authors: Vieira Silva Juan Guillermo
Published: October 2018

El artículo presenta la Teoría del Juego Social (TJS) de Carlos Matus con el fin de generar un primer acercamiento a los Estudios de Políticas Públicas (EPP) y vislumbrar su potencial como teoría de políticas públicas (TPP). Se empieza destacando el planteamiento de Matus de ciencias horizontales, evidenciando su cercanía con la noción de policy sciences de Lasswell y Dror. Seguidamente se presenta la TJS a partir de la clasificación de sus contenidos y conceptos más importantes en tres niveles. Finalmente se exploran algunos aspectos que permiten sugerir una cercanía en sus fundamentos e intencionalidades centrales entre la TJS y los EPP. Finalmente a partir de algunos desarrollos teóricos en los EPP se plantean algunas preguntas a la TJS con el fin abrir el camino a su análisis como TPP.
Serviços Ambientais e a Natureza Climatizada no Brasil
Authors: Furtado Fabrina
Published: October 2018

Este artículo pretende analizar la construcción, puesta en práctica y la legitimación de la lógica de servicios ambientales a través del Esquema de Incentivos a Servicios Ambientales (SISA) el estado de Acre, en la Amazonía brasileña y narrativas que justifican la importancia de las herramientas del mercado para resolver problemas ambientales. Analiza el concepto de servicios ambientales y la incorporación de valores indígenas en las políticas. También refleja sobre las implicaciones territoriales de proyectos privados de Reducción de Emisiones de la Deforestación y la Degradación de Bosques (REDD) a través de preguntas acerca de cómo los mecanismos del mercado están relacionados con ciertas suposiciones hechas y difundidas por el Estado sobre las comunidades, territorios y la relación con el medio ambiente. Ha planteado la hipótesis de que los efectos de la apropiación económica de la naturaleza es desigual, afectando más la población negra, indígena, agricultores/as y pueblos tradicionales.
Reseña del libro: Dinámicas de la negritud y africanidad. Construcciones de la Afrodescendencia en Ecuador
Authors: Leon Edizon Federico
Published: October 2018

Podría decir que este libro trata sobre el racismo, pero esto es muy general, siendo más específico es una parte de la historia del racismo de los afrodescendientes en Ecuador, y de manera particular de una organización de mujeres afrodescendientes de Quito que pertenencen a la comunidad San Martín y luchan por el derecho a tener un espacio para vivir en un barrio de la capital, llamado Caminos de la Libertad. Al mismo tiempo reivindican una identidad colectiva en contraposición a las representaciones negativas que la gente en el barrio construye sobre los negros y negras.
OYUN UYGULAMALARI VE ÖĞRETMEN MERKEZLİ ÖĞRETİM İLE GERÇEKLEŞTİRİLEN VOLEYBOL DERSLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI OLARAK İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ASMA Mehmet , SOYTÜRK Mümine
Published: October 2018

Araştırmanın amacı Oyun Uygulamaları Yaklaşımı
(OUY) ve öğretmen merkezli öğretimle (ÖMÖ) gerçekleştirilen voleybol
derslerinin, öğrencilerin voleybola ilişkin öğrenme çıktıları açısından
incelenmesidir. Araştırma öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu deneysel desende
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma grubu voleybol dersi alan 62 üniversite birinci
sınıf öğrencisidir. Veri toplama araçları olarak bilişsel alan için
araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “voleybol bilgi testi”, duyuşsal alan
için “Voleybol Dersine Karşı Tutum Ölçeği”, psikomotor alan için “Voleybol
Beceri Testi” kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde bağımsız örneklemler t testi ve
mann whitney u testi kullanılmıştır. Grupların erişi puanları arasında bilişsel
boyutta OUY lehine anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir. Duyuşsal boyutta her iki
yaklaşım arasında fark yokken, psikomotor becerilerden sadece servis erişi
puanları arasında yine OUY lehine anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir. Beceri düzeylerine
göre erişi puanlarının analizinde, alt ve orta beceri düzeylerinde OUY, üst
beceri düzeyinde ise ÖMÖ lehine yüksek puanlar elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre
OUY’un kullanımının Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretimi alanına önemli katkı
sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Bioinformatic analysis of biomarker genes using metagenomic shotgun sequence datasets v2
Authors: Espinola Fernando
Published: October 2018

This protocol describes the steps used to analyze shotgun sequences deposited in in Integrated Microbial Genomes and Microbiomes (IMG/M ) by using functional anotation evidences. KEGG orthology terms and pathways are used as evidence.The abundance of each of the corresponding biomarker genes is estimated by calculating the proportion of amino acid sequences assigned to the KO of interest (estimated gene copies, assembled and unassembled metagenomes, as retrieved from IMG/M) and normalized with respect to the total number of sequences assigned to KOs in each metagenome.