bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Poland Secularizing?
Authors: Carlton Robert
Published: October 2015

When Pope John Paul II visited Poland in 1979, he told the crowds that it was not possible to understand Poland, past and present, without recognizing the union between the Catholic Church and Poland. However, in the years since, the connection between the Polish people and the Church has changed. Is it possible that Poland, which was a center of the faith for so long, is secularizing the same way that most of the rest of Europe has? Charles Taylor in his A Secular Age has given three criteria that could indicate a country is undergoing secularization: government structures that are free of a connection to God, the larger society moving away from religious practices and beliefs, and a society for whom belief in God is considered one option among many and not necessarily the most preferred option. We look here at whether Poland currently meets these criteria. We then ultimately demonstrate that Poland, while currently experiencing a changing relationship with the Church, is not secularizing according to the standards that Taylor lays out.
Books and Politics: On Polish- Israeli Commercial and Diplomatic Relations, 1948–1958
Authors: Kossewska Elżbieta
Published: October 2015

This article describes the distribution of Polish books in Israel in the context of postwar Polish- Israeli diplomatic relations, which developed under pressure exerted by the Soviet Union and by its relationship with the Arab world. Because a large number of Israeli citizens were of Polish origin, cultural exchange was one of the main points of commercial contract that governed the importation of Polish books to Israel. The arrival of a large number of Polish Jews, mainly as part of the “Gomułka aliyah,” created huge demand for books in Polish, not only fiction but also scientific books and specialist literature. The Israeli newspapers used this large inflow of publications in Polish to present the Jewish state as one that was close to Poland, related to Poland throughout history, and also to contrast this world with the Arab world—distant and lacking close cultural connections to the country on the Vistula River.
Involvement of Higher Education in Building Human Resources Character in the Era of Globalization
Authors: Ishomuddin Ishomuddin
Published: October 2015

In general, the objectives of this study were to explain the role played by universities in improving its human resources are office holders, lecturers, and students, explain the program what is being done related to the improvement of human resources, and explains the non-academic program to support the implementation of a program that has been prepared so as to ensure the creation of academic atmosphere and moral. This research is using a qualitative approach. Data collection method is observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. After determining the selected object, it is then determined subjects and informants who serve as a source of information, other than information derived from observation and documents. The data obtained were analyzed using qualitative descriptive. From these results it can be concluded that in the current era of globalization sensitize the managers of private universities to constantly make changes both in management of students, lecturers, and academic. Of the top ten universities in East Java, which is the object of research has done on average conditionally adjustment and in accordance with their respective capabilities to actualize development programs as outlined in the master plan and development plan strategy as a guide.
The Economic Efficiency of Homomorphic Model
Authors: Maitah Mansoor , Macak Tomas
Published: October 2015

This paper assesses the closeness of the degree of similarity between the behaviour of a model and the actual product according to technical and economic criteria. The methodology is illustrated on the example of a power boat and a sailing boat model. The first part deals with technical aspects, using the cybernetic theory of similarities – classification of the relationship between the model and the actual product (isomorphic or homomorphic). Since in this case the similarity was assessed in the area of aerodynamics, the Bernoulli Equation was used to derive the conditions of isomorphism for flow in the actual object. This defines the boat model from the technical point of view.
 Because, in the attempt to develop the best possible value-for-money products, dictated by the market competitiveness, fixed costs play a major role, so it is necessary to complement technical information with economic laws. Based on these, it is then possible to select either the homomorphic model (the one which does not meet all requirements on similarity) or the isomorphic model (the one which more closely conforms to the actual product). Here the economic aspects of the model’s feasibility is assessed in three different dimensions which mutually interact with each other: The first dimension deals with the question of whether the product is for the customer segment for which it is intended, the correct value proposition, (using either the Boston Matrix or the GE Matrix as a tool). The second dimension answers the question of whether a typical customer is not too costly to service, and the last dimension assesses the closeness of the model’s similarity according to the criteria of flexibility of the demand function. Thus the primary objective of this paper is to mathematically derive the criteria of similarity between the model and the product. This criterion represents the criterion of the model’s technical limitations. In order to optimise the selection of most suitable model under the circumstances (for the given product), it is also necessary to take into account the mutually interacting economic criteria. To provide an understanding how these economic criteria interact with each other is another objective of this paper.
A Study of the Influence of Guide Vane Design to Increase Savonius Wind Turbine Performance
Authors: Ahmad Elsadic Salim
Published: October 2015

This work experimentally studied the influence of guide vane design to increase Savonius rotor performance. Guide vane is one of additional device that its function is for directing wind stream on to concave blade and deserves as obstacle of the wind that flowing on to convex blade. That way increased wind speeds to the rotor, consequently it produced higher power coefficient and the Savonius rotor performed better performance. Four designs of guide vane were arranged in this study. They are basic design of guide vane and basic design of guide vane that added a tilt angle on the top and bottom sides by 15°, 30°, and 45°. The result concludes that guide vane affects the performance of Savonius rotor. The power that generated by the rotor with guide vanes increase significantly compared with Savonius rotor without guide vane. The maximum improvement was attained up to 65.89%.
Private Valuation Parameters of Efficiency the Investment Projects in the Concept “Compramultifactor”
Authors: Puryaev Aidar Sultangalievich
Published: October 2015

The new concept of evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects is offered.  A dynamic multi-factor complex of private parameters of investment projects' evaluation in engineering and their classification is developed. The recommendations of global and locally-oriented destination are worked out.  The foundation for the application of fuzzy set theory in the evaluation of investment projects has been laid.
Introducing Effective and Efficient Economics Tools in Urban Waste Management
Authors: Mohammadi Shapur , Nouri Jafar , Hejazi Rezvan , Ghaffari Ismail
Published: October 2015

Recycling industry as key cycle in waste management chain has significant role in keeping national capitals to prevent from wasting resources and environmental pollution that its efficiency and effectiveness depends on participations of all society levels and responsible governmental administrations. Studies have shown that in waste management of Tehran city, necessary infrastructures and context should be provided besides training and culturing local people and guilds. Economics tools can have important role in improving waste management condition and proper implementation. Among known sufficient tools, taxes, charges, fine systems, and making market are the most important common methods in waste management.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 9, No. 11
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: October 2015

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 9, No. 11
An Investigation Towards The Suitability Of Vector Autoregressive Approach On Modeling Meteorological Data
Authors: Norrulashikin Siti Mariam
Published: October 2015

In most meteorological problems, two or more variables evolve over time. These variables not only haverelationships with each other, but also depend on each other. Although in many situations the interest was onmodelling single variable as a vector time series without considering the impact other variables have on it. Thevector autoregression (VAR) approach to multiple time series analysis are potentially useful in many types ofsituations which involve the building of models for discrete multivariate time series. This approach has 4important stages of the process that are data pre-processing, model identification, parameter estimation, andmodel adequacy checking. In this research, VAR modeling strategy was applied in modeling three variables ofmeteorological variables, which include temperature, wind speed and rainfall data. All data are monthly data,taken from the Kuala Krai station from January 1985 to December 2009. Two models were suggested byinformation criterion procedures, however VAR (3) model is the most suitable model for the data sets based onthe model adequacy checking and accuracy testing.
Voor- en nadelen van decentralisaties
Authors: Groenendijk N.S.
Published: November 2015

Voor- en nadelen van decentralisaties

Decentralisatie van taken van de centrale overheid naar decentrale overheden maakt een belangrijk deel uit van het huidige regeringsbeleid. In deze bijdrage wordt nagegaan in hoeverre de beoogde effecten van decentralisatie (verhoogde doelmatigheid en doeltreffendheid) plausibel zijn en welke andere mogelijke voordelen decentralisatie kent. Aandacht wordt ook besteed aan de mogelijke nadelen van decentralisatie.Het decentralisatievraagstuk kent vele aspecten en geen eenduidige oplossing. Een tweetal randvoorwaarden voor ‘goede’ decentralisatie is echter wel te benoemen: (a) voldoende mogelijkheden voor op- en afschaling en (b) voldoende beleidsvrijheid bij decentrale overheden na decentralisatie. In grote lijnen lijkt het kabinetsbeleid te voldoen aan de eerste randvoorwaarde; bij het tweede aspect worden in deze bijdrage vraagtekens geplaatst, met name omdat het kabinet geen aandacht besteedt aan vereenvoudiging van de huidige bekostigingssystematiek van decentrale overheden en mogelijke uitbreiding van het decentrale belastinggebied.
Elektronische interactie tussen overheid en burger: voorbeelden uit de Verenigde Staten
Authors: Meuwese A.C.M.
Published: November 2015

Elektronische interactie tussen overheid en burger: voorbeelden uit de Verenigde Staten

Op veel verschillende plekken wordt nagedacht over manieren om wetgevingsprocessen open te breken. In deze bijdrage worden een paar initiatieven op dat vlak uit de Verenigde Staten besproken. De ‘Open Data Policy’ zou overheidsinstellingen ertoe moeten bewegen grote hoeveelheden data op een gestructureerde en gebruiksvriendelijke manier beschikbaar te stellen aan burgers om zo innovatieve ontwikkelingen in het aanwenden van deze data te stimuleren. De website ‘We the People’ vraagt, in een hedendaagse operationalisering van het petitierecht, juist burgers om input in beleids- en wetgevingsprocessen. Beide voorbeelden laten zien dat ook als een informatiekanaal primair voor één bepaald doeleinde is opgericht, bredere interactie al snel het gevolg is.
Verzamelwetgeving: meer dan een opeenhoping van wijzigingsvoorstellen
Authors: Brüheim W.A.E.
Published: November 2015

Verzamelwetgeving: meer dan een opeenhoping van wijzigingsvoorstellen

Verzamelwetgeving lijkt met name in de Eerste Kamer een imagoprobleem te hebben. De bezwaren tegen dit type wetgeving hebben echter veelal slechts betrekking op een klein deel van de wetten die in de praktijk met dit begrip worden aangeduid. In deze bijdrage wordt daarom een scherpere definitie van het begrip verzamelwetgeving voorgesteld. Ook wordt ingegaan op een betrekkelijk recente nota waarin criteria worden gegeven om de opportuniteit te beoordelen van het opnemen van een onderwerp in een verzamelwetsvoorstel.
Rosanvallon en de wet van de tegendemocratie
Authors: Witteveen W.J.
Published: November 2015

Rosanvallon en de wet van de tegendemocratie

De parlementaire democratie berust op basisficties die niet goed begrepen worden en niet goed meer werken. Omdat het moeilijk blijkt om de tegenstrijdige verwachtingen van de politieke cultuur waar te maken, doen zich voortdurend fricties voor. Rosanvallon verschaft een historische en filosofische analyse van deze onbevredigende en onhoudbare situatie en schetst een tegendemocratie die het bestel weer legitimiteit kan verschaffen.
Marketing communications model for innovation networks
Authors: Correia Tiago João Freitas , Mateus Américo , Leonor Susana
Published: October 2015

Innovation is an increasingly relevant concept for the success of any organization, but it also represents a set of internal and external considerations, barriers and challenges to overcome. Along the concept of innovation, new paradigms emerge such as open innovation and co-creation that are simultaneously innovation modifiers and intensifiers in organizations, promoting organizational openness and stakeholder integration within the value creation process. Innovation networks composed by a multiplicity of agents in co-creative work perform as innovation mechanisms to face the increasingly complexity of products, services and markets. Technology, especially the Internet, is an enabler of all process among organizations supported by co-creative platforms for innovation. The definition of marketing communication strategies that promote motivation and involvement of all stakeholders in synergic creation and external promotion is the central aspect of this research. The implementation of the projects is performed by participative workshops with stakeholders from Madan Parque through IDEAS(R)EVOLUTION methodology and the operational model LinkUp parameterized for the project. The project is divided into the first part, the theoretical framework, and the second part where a model is developed for the marketing communication strategies that appeal to the Madan Parque case study. Keywords: Marketing Communication; Open Innovation, Technology; Innovation Networks; Incubator; Co-Creation.
Standards for Clinical Grade Genomic Databases
Authors: Yohe Sophia L. , Carter Alexis B. , Pfeifer John D. , Crawford James M. , Cushman-Vokoun Allison , Caughron Samuel , Leonard Debra G. B.
Published: October 2015

Context

Next-generation sequencing performed in a clinical environment must meet clinical standards, which requires reproducibility of all aspects of the testing. Clinical-grade genomic databases (CGGDs) are required to classify a variant and to assist in the professional interpretation of clinical next-generation sequencing. Applying quality laboratory standards to the reference databases used for sequence-variant interpretation presents a new challenge for validation and curation.

Objectives

To define CGGD and the categories of information contained in CGGDs and to frame recommendations for the structure and use of these databases in clinical patient care.

Design

Members of the College of American Pathologists Personalized Health Care Committee reviewed the literature and existing state of genomic databases and developed a framework for guiding CGGD development in the future.

Results

Clinical-grade genomic databases may provide different types of information. This work group defined 3 layers of information in CGGDs: clinical genomic variant repositories, genomic medical data repositories, and genomic medicine evidence databases. The layers are differentiated by the types of genomic and medical information contained and the utility in assisting with clinical interpretation of genomic variants. Clinical-grade genomic databases must meet specific standards regarding submission, curation, and retrieval of data, as well as the maintenance of privacy and security.

Conclusion

These organizing principles for CGGDs should serve as a foundation for future development of specific standards that support the use of such databases for patient care.
Using Appropriate Tools Strategically for Instruction
Authors: Sherman Milan , Cayton Charity
Published: November 2015

The authors apply a research-based framework to a specific task and discuss how it can be used to revise the task with respect to goals for student thinking.
Įvairios kilmės kompostų poveikis lapinėms salotoms ir dirvožemio savybėms
Authors: Staugaitis Gediminas , Gvildienė Karolina , Mažeika Romas
Published: October 2015

Turėdami tikslą ištirti iš įvairių bioskaidžių atliekų pagamintų kompostų kokybę ir nustatyti jų įtaką lapinių salotų derliui, kokybei, dirvožemio savybėms bei sunkiųjų metalų kaupimuisi 2012–2014 m. LAMMC Agrocheminių tyrimų laboratorijos bandymų aikštelėje atlikome tyrimus su Grand Rapids lapinėmis salotomis. Jas auginome 6 l talpos Mitčerlicho tipo vegetaciniuose induose, augalus tręšėme įvairių komposto rūšių 10 ir 20 t ha–1 normomis. Tyrimų rezultatai parodė, kad lapinių salotų derlių labiausiai didino biodujų gamybos atliekų kompostas, kuris buvo turtingas organine medžiaga, azotu, fosforu, kaliu, turėjo nedaug sunkiųjų metalų. Mažiau, tik dvejus metus iš trejų, salotų derlių didino žaliųjų atliekų komposto 20 t ha–1 norma ir nuotekų dumblo komposto 10 ir 20 t ha–1 normos. Visi naudoti kompostai lapinėse salotose kadmio kiekio nedidino, tačiau nikelio ir vario kiekį ženkliai didino tręšimas mišrių bioskaidžių komunalinių atliekų kompostu. Chromo kiekį didino visi naudoti kompostai, išskyrus biodujų atliekų komposto 20 t ha–1 norma. Švino kiekį didino didesnės nuotekų dumblo bei mišrių komunalinių atliekų kompostų normos. Beveik visi naudoti kompostai šiek tiek mažino cinko kiekį augaluose, o labai – biodujų atliekų kompostas. Dirvožemyje organinės anglies kiekį didino tik žaliųjų atliekų kompostas, o judriojo fosforo kiekis ženkliai padidėjo patręšus nuotekų dumblo ir biodujų gamybos atliekų kompostais. Judriojo kalio kiekis labiau padidėjo patręšus nuotekų dumblo kompostu.
El cálculo de costes de la preservación digital: un análisis de modelos
Authors: Cruz Mundet José Ramón , Díez Carrera Carmen
Published: October 2015

Conocer, medir y parametrizar cuánto cuesta la preservación digital permanente ha sido objeto de atención desde los primeros estudios a mediados de los años 90 del siglo XX. Veinte años después continúa sin resolverse y es el objeto del presente trabajo, que se propone analizar los diferentes modelos para el cálculo de los costes y compararlos, para obtener una imagen lo más precisa posible del estado de la cuestión.
Flight distance and reaction to fawn handling are greater in high-than in low-ranked pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) females
Authors: Ungerfeld R , Morales-Piñeyrúa JT , Freitas-de-Melo A
Published: October 2015

The flight distance from humans and the reaction of the mother to human handling of their offspring are measures that can be used to assess the quality of the human-animal relationship which could vary according to animals’ position in a group. The objective was to determine if the flight distance and the mother's reaction to human handling of her fawn during the first 24 h after birth differ according to pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) hinds’ social rank. A complementary aim was to compare the mothers’ reaction to their fawns being handled relative to its sex. Studies were carried out on a semi-captive population. Animals were classed as high- or low-ranking individuals according to agonistic interactions between hinds recorded during autumn (breeding season) while animals received rations. In the first part of the study, the flight distance was determined in high- and low-ranked hinds. In the second, the minimum distance that the mother stayed from her fawn was recorded while the fawn was weighed and sexed during the first 24 h after birth, and the latency period for the dam to return with her fawn was also recorded. High-ranked hinds presented greater flight distance than low-ranked hinds. High-ranked hinds kept a greater distance from their fawns compared to low-ranked hinds and more high-than low-ranked hinds remained at a farther distance. In summary, high-ranked hinds seem to perceive humans as a greater threat, and thus be more fearful of them. The sex of the fawn did not affect the hinds’ reaction to human handling.
Evaluation of a novel rodenticide: welfare assessment of fatal methaemoglobinaemia in adult rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Gibson TJ , Quy RJ , Eason CT , Gregory NG
Published: October 2015

This study assessed the welfare of rats (Rattus norvegicus) poisoned with a lethal dose of the methaemoglobin (MetHb) inducing compound para-aminovalerophenone (PAVP). Twenty rats were orally gavaged with either PAVP (treated) or the vehicle only (control). Spontaneous and evoked behaviours were recorded and blood samples collected post mortem for analysis of MetHb%. Female and male rats received a mean (± SEM) dose of 263 (± 3) and 199 (± 6) mg PAVP kg−1, respectively. Mean (± SEM) time to death was 67 (± 16) and 354 (± 71) min for female and male rats, respectively. Control animals did not show any signs of intoxication. The time to death from methaemoglobinaemia in rats was significantly shorter than that reported for anticoagulants and there were no obvious signs of distress or pain.
Hormonal and behavioural stress responses to capture and radio-collar fitting in free-ranging pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus)
Authors: Munerato MS , Marques JA , Caulkett NA , Tomás WM , Zanetti ES , Trovati RG , Pereira GT , Palme R
Published: October 2015

This study evaluated the short-term hormonal and behavioural responses to capture and radio-collar fitting in free-ranging pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus). Twenty adult deer (eleven females and nine males) were captured in the South Pantanal wetland (Brazil) and equipped with VHF radio-collars (marked deer). Untreated adult deer of the same sex were randomly chosen as the control group (nine females and nine males). On the day following capture, an observer followed all deer for faecal collection and behaviour evaluation. Faecal samples were immediately refrigerated and frozen at-20°C within a maximum of 12 h. Faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) were measured using an 11-oxoaetiocholanolone enzyme immunoassay. A qualitative behaviour assessment and the consequences of capture were evaluated using pre-defined terminologies and scores. Flight distance was recorded using a range finder. FGM increased from 19-22 h after capture onwards and peak concentrations were five times (median) higher as the respective baseline values. FGM values of marked deer were significantly higher at 22-25 and 25-28 h compared with controls. Marked male but not female deer had significantly higher FGM values at 22-25 and 25-28 h compared with their baseline values. Marked deer were significantly more fearful, less sociable and defensive than controls. The absences of significant increases of FGM in the captured female deer may indicate that females are less prone to capture stress. The significantly more fearful, and less sociable and defensive patterns observed in marked deer may be relevant during capture of lactating females or in areas with high predator pressure.
Effects of gentle interactions on the relationship with humans and on stress-related parameters in group-housed calves
Authors: Lürzel S , Windschnurer I , Futschik A , Palme R , Waiblinger S
Published: October 2015

Although the relationship between farm animals and humans has strong implications for animal welfare and productivity, there have been few experimental studies on the influence of gentle interactions in group-housed calves. In the present study, Austrian Simmental calves were housed in groups of four under standard management conditions. Fourteen calves experienced 40 min of additional gentle interactions in the form of stroking and gentle talking during the first four weeks of life, whereas the remaining eleven calves did not. The animals’ fear of humans was measured by avoidance distance tests on 33 and 76 days of age and by an arena test that comprised three phases — isolation, presence of a human, isolation — at 34 days of age. The very low avoidance distances did not differ significantly between the groups. In the arena test, there was less behaviour indicative of stress in the presence of the experimenter compared with the isolation phases. Heart-rate measurements showed a corresponding pattern. Control calves showed more tail-flicking than stroked calves and had higher concentrations of salivary cortisol before and after the test. There were no other significant differences between the groups. The minor number of behavioural differences may result from the control animals’ good relationship with humans, ie there is a ceiling effect. If the general contact between stockpeople and calves is gentle and negative experiences are minimised, it is possible to achieve a good calf-human relationship without additional efforts.
“We are all Treaty People”
Authors: Dubois Janique
Published: October 2015

In 1996, the Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations, the Government of Canada and the Government of Saskatchewan embarked on an ambitious project: they wanted to abandon the colonial legacy of the Indian Act and instead develop a governance framework based on partnerships between self-determining nations. Grounding negotiations in treaties, this “made in Saskatchewan” solution proposed to develop a province-wide system of First Nation governance representing over 115,000 members and seventy communities. Despite efforts to build a novel treaty-based governance framework, negotiations eventually failed. In assessing the gap between the dream and the reality of treaty-based governance in Saskatchewan, this article argues that the failure of the “made in Saskatchewan” solution lies in the parties’ inability to break away from Canada’s colonial path and fully embrace the reality that “we are all treaty people.”
Le point de vue des Innus de Sept-Îles, Uashat et Maliotenam sur les relations entre Autochtones et Allochtones en milieu urbain
Authors: Leroux Shanie
Published: October 2015

L’article expose les résultats d’une recherche qualitative portant sur le point de vue de vingt-quatre participants innus d’Uashat, Maliotenam et Sept-Îles sur les relations entre Autochtones et Allochtones en milieu urbain. La démarche s’appuie sur une approche clinique et interculturelle, dont la perspective holiste concorde avec les façons autochtones d’aborder le savoir et la connaissance. Malgré une marginalisation toujours à l’oeuvre, les données démontrent que les Innus sont résolument engagés dans un processus de réappropriation et constituent d’ores et déjà un acteur social incontournable pour la gouvernance de la ville.
La place des Autochtones dans la gouvernance des parcs de l’Arctique canadien
Authors: Martin Thibault
Published: October 2015

Pour s’acquitter de ses engagements constitutionnels contractés à la suite de différents jugements de la Cour suprême ainsi que d’ententes territoriales signées avec certaines nations autochtones, l’État canadien doit désormais consulter les Autochtones lors de la création d’aires protégées qui concernent leurs territoires. Il a aussi l’obligation de les inclure dans les structures de gouvernance qui sont mises en place. Cet article propose, à travers une analyse des plans directeurs des parcs nationaux du Canada situés dans le circumpolaire, d’analyser comment Parcs Canada s’acquitte de cette obligation. Il cherche aussi à déterminer la place que les Autochtones occupent effectivement dans la gouvernance des aires protégées et pour quelles raisons ceux-ci veulent s’y impliquer.
Participation sociale et déficience physique
Authors: Bergeron David , Caillouette Jacques
Published: October 2015

La participation sociale des personnes en situation d’exclusion constitue la finalité principale des politiques sociales adoptées depuis une dizaine d’années en Occident. Au Québec, les centres de santé et de services sociaux (CSSS), en raison de la place centrale qu’ils occupent dans le système public de santé, sont appelés à promouvoir des interventions novatrices, adaptées aux personnes ayant des besoins particuliers et qui s’accordent avec cet objectif. Les CSSS doivent proposer des pratiques d’intervention sollicitant la capacité d’agir de la personne. Pour cela, la subjectivité de la personne, mais aussi son environnement, doit être considérée dans l’évaluation et tout au long du processus d’intervention. Dans le programme Déficience physique (DP), parce qu’elles sont maintenues dans un modèle de compensation des incapacités, les pratiques psychosociales apparaissent incapables de soutenir les personnes-usagères dans l’atteinte d’un objectif de participation sociale. C’est pourquoi il est nécessaire de fournir aux intervenants psychosociaux de première ligne un cadre d’analyse et des outils capables de promouvoir des pratiques allant en ce sens.
Féminisme autochtone militant
Authors: Arnaud Aurélie
Published: October 2015

Parler du mouvement des femmes autochtones au Canada comme de l’émergence d’un féminisme autochtone ne va pas forcément de soi, surtout pour les principales intéressées, soit les militantes pour la reconnaissance des droits des femmes autochtones. Pourtant les critiques qu’elles font du système patriarcal imposé à leurs nations par la colonisation et les espaces politiques qu’elles ont progressivement conquis les rapprochent des féministes québécoises avec lesquelles elles ont su forger des alliances au fil du temps.
La réappropriation historique et culturelle par les mémoires graphiques autochtones
Authors: Dufour Emanuelle
Published: October 2015

Depuis quelques années, au Canada, on assiste à la production de romans graphiques autochtones qui se proposent d’agir en tant qu’agents de transformations socioculturelles. Chacune à leur façon, The 500 Years of Resistance Comic Book (Hill 2010) et Innu Meshkenu : Tracer son chemin (Couture, Duquette et Lemieux 2014) visent à encouragerl’empowermentde ses lecteurs autochtones ainsi qu’à déconstruire la vision stéréotypée de leurs lectorats allochtones. Cet article pose un regard théorique et conceptuel sur le potentiel pédagogique des mémoires graphiques autochtones en matière d’éducation culturelle et de prise en charge.
Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes from Pd catalysts by gas source method using ethanol in high vacuum
Authors: Kozawa Akinari , Saida Takahiro , Naritsuka Shigeya , Maruyama Takahiro
Published: October 2015

We carried out single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) growth at 600 °C using Pd catalysts by the alcohol gas source method. When Pd catalysts deposited on SiO2/Si substrates were used, the G band in the Raman spectra was broad and weak RBM peaks were observed at ethanol pressures between 1 × 10−3 and 1 × 10−1 Pa. On the other hand, using Al2O
x
buffer layers, a sharp G band with a shoulder peak (G− peak) and several radial breathing mode (RBM) peaks were observed, which indicates the growth of SWCNTs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that dense web like SWCNTs were formed, and the diameters of SWCNTs estimated from the wavenumbers of RBM peaks were 1.3–2.9 nm, which were larger than those from Pt catalysts. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation showed that the larger migration distance of Pd caused an enlargement of catalyst particle sizes, resulting in the larger diameters of SWCNTs from Pd catalysts.
Efficient automatic screening for Li ion conductive inorganic oxides with bond valence pathway models and percolation algorithm
Authors: Nakayama Masanobu , Kimura Mayumi , Jalem Randy , Kasuga Toshihiro
Published: October 2015

Fast ion conductive solid oxide electrolytes are urgently needed because of the development of batteries, fuel cells, and sensors. Ab initio density functional theory can predict ionic conductivities with high accuracy, although it often requires large computational resources and time. In this paper, we use empirical bond valence relations [Adams et al., Phys. Status Solidi A 208, 1746 (2011)] and a percolation algorithm for fast, efficient, fully automated evaluation of migration energies for Li ion conduction in 14 olivine-type LiMXO4 compounds. The results showed a high correlation coefficient with the ab initio density functional theory (DFT) approach, indicating that our method could be attractive for identifying fast ion conductors in databases of numerous candidates.
On a Fourth Order Parabolic Equation with Mixed Type Boundary Conditions in a Nonrectangular Domain
Authors: Kheloufi Arezki
Published: October 2015

This paper is devoted to the study of the following fourth order parabolic equation ∂tu + ∂x
4u = f in the non-necessarily rectangular domain

Q ={(t,x) ∈ℝ2 : 0 < t < T, ϕ1(t) < x < ϕ2(t)}.

The equation is subject to mixed type conditions ∂xu = ∂x
3u + βu = 0, on the lateral boundary of Q. The right-hand side term f of the equation lies in Lω
2 (Q) the space of square-integrable functions on Q with the measure ωdtdx. Our aim is to find sufficient conditions on the coefficient β and on the functions ϕi,i = 1, 2 and on the weight ω such that the solution of this equation belongs to the anisotropic Sobolev space

Hω
1,4 (Q) = {u ∈ Lω
2 (Q) : ∂tu, ∂x
ju ∈ Lω
2 (Q) , j = 1, 2, 3, 4}.

The analysis is performed by using the domain decomposition method.
Anti-Partism and Party Control of Political Reform in the United States: The Case of the Australian Ballot
Authors: WARE ALAN
Published: July 2002

This article examines critically an explanation, first propounded by Austin Ranney, as to the causes of party reform in the United States. Ranney argued that there is an ambivalent attitude to parties in the United States; while there is evidence of popular support for parties, the political culture is also infused by anti-party values. Periodically this has facilitated the enactment of legislation, promoted by anti-party reformers, constraining parties. Focusing on the Australian Ballot, the article argues that its rapid adoption in the United States resulted from its seeming to solve problems facing party elites in the 1880s – problems that arose from the erosion of a face-to-face society. Despite opposition from anti-party reformers, parties in most states legislated for types of ballot that preserved party control of the electorate. Moreover, during the Progressive era the parties generally continued to preserve a type of ballot that favoured them. The ability of parties to defend their interests against anti-party reformers was possible when it was clear where those interests lay. With other reforms, including the direct primary, this was much less evident, and it was then far more difficult for the parties to defend themselves.
The Political Sustainability of European Monetary Union
Authors: McKAY DAVID C.
Published: July 2002

This article synthesizes a large body of work in applied economics on the likely effects of European Monetary Union with an established literature in political science on the political sustainability of intervention by central or federal authorities in the economies of diverse nations, states or regions. Three possible economic scenarios resulting from EMU are identified – fiscal centralization, monetary discipline and loose money. The greatly enhanced central role implied by the first two would be difficult to legitimize in the context of the absence of a European citizen identity or party system. Historical precedent suggests that, in democracies, both central redistribution in social spending and retrenchment of established social programmes are facilitated by jurisdiction-wide political parties. The loose money scenario, while viable in most member states, would be unlikely to be acceptable in Germany. The article concludes, therefore, that all three scenarios most often predicted by the economics literature carry with them a risk that they will be difficult to sustain politically.
Practice directions and the Civil Procedure Rules
Authors: Jolowicz J.A.
Published: July 2002

Practice directions are made by the courts under a jurisdiction usually called “inherent”. Directions do not have statutory authority but are sometimes used to introduce important procedural innovations. Now, the Civil Procedure Act 1997 envisages that a rule of court, instead of providing for something, may refer to directions, actual or to be made: directions covered by this do have statutory authority.

Practice directions “supplementing” many of the Parts of the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 were issued alongside the rules. Not all of these fall within the Act of 1997, but the “inherent” jurisdiction, which has not been displaced, can justify them. In the result, there are now two kinds of practice direction: some have the authority of statute and others do not. This article examines a confusing situation and makes some suggestions.
Human rights in the House of Lords: what standard of review?
Authors: Elliott Mark
Published: July 2002

THE applicants in R. v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p. Simms [1999] 3 W.L.R. 328 were convicted murderers whose applications for leave to appeal had been refused but who continued to protest their innocence. To this end they gave interviews to investigative journalists, hoping that this would ultimately result in their cases being referred back to the Court of Appeal. However, paragraph 37 of the Prison Rules 1964 provides that professional visits by journalists to prisoners should not generally be allowed and that any journalist wishing to visit a prisoner qua relative or friend must undertake not to publish anything disclosed during the visit. Paragraph 37A stipulates that if, exceptionally, a journalist is permitted to make a professional visit, he must undertake to abide by any conditions prescribed by the prison governor. In the instant case the prison authorities, pursuant to a Home Office policy directing prison governors to impose a blanket ban on all visits by journalists in their professional capacity, refused to permit further visits unless paragraph 37 undertakings were forthcoming. Their Lordships accepted the applicants' argument that this constituted unlawful interference with their entitlement to free expression.
IMPROVING THE LAW ON UNFAIRNESS
Authors: Beresford Neil
Published: July 2002

IN five years on the statute book, the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1994, S.I. 1994/3159, generated great interest and very little case law. Their first consideration by an appellate court came in Director General of Fair Trading v. First National Bank plc [2000] 1 All E.R. (Comm.) 371. And while these proceedings were on their way to the Court of Appeal, the Regulations were repealed and replaced by the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999, S.I. 1999/2083. Both developments are of considerable interest.
The diversity of inherited parasites of insects: the male-killing

agent of the ladybird beetle Coleomegilla maculata is

a member of the Flavobacteria
Authors: HURST GREGORY D. D. , HAMMARTON TANSY C. , BANDI CLAUDIO , MAJERUS TAMSIN M. O. , BERTRAND DOMINIQUE , MAJERUS MICHAEL E. N.
Published: July 2002

Many species of insects bear maternally inherited bacteria which

contribute to the physiology and

metabolism of their host whereas others bear inherited bacteria which are

regarded as parasitic.

Parasitic behaviours centre on disruption of the production, survival or

fertility of male hosts,

through which the microbe is not transmitted. One of the most common of
these

is early male-killing, where the bacteria kill male embryos they enter.
The

question arises as to why all inherited

symbionts are not male-killers. The male-killing agents identified to

date derive from two groups:

the Proteobacteria and the Mollicutes. However, bacteria from other groups

(Spirochaetes,

Flavobacteria) are found to be inherited in insects, but contain no incidence

of male-killing. We

show here an association of male-killing with a bacterium from one of

these groups. The

bacterium causing male-killing behaviour in the ladybird Coleomegilla

maculata is most closely

related to Blattabacterium, a host-beneficial Flavobacteria

found in cockroaches and some termites.

This result indicates there is little if any taxonomic bar to the evolution

of male-killing behaviour.

This pattern severely contrasts with the evolution of two other parasitic

symbiont behaviours,

cytoplasmic incompatibility and the induction of host parthenogenesis,
which

have been found to

be associated exclusively with bacteria from one group: Wolbachia.

The result is briefly discussed

in the light of the incidence of parasitic and beneficial cytoplasmic

elements among insects.
The effects of spontaneous mutation on quantitative traits.

II. Dominance of mutations with effects on life-history traits
Authors: HOULE DAVID , HUGHES KIMBERLY A. , ASSIMACOPOULOS STAVROULA , CHARLESWORTH BRIAN
Published: July 2002

We studied the dominance of the effects of chromosomes carrying

unselected mutations on five

life-history traits in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutations

were accumulated on the second

chromosome for 44 generations in the absence of natural selection. Traits

studied were female

fecundity early and late in adult life, male mating ability, and male and

female longevity.

Homozygous effects were estimated for 50 mutant lines, and heterozygous
effects

were estimated

by crossing these lines in a partial diallel scheme. Direct estimates of
dominance

showed that the

effects of mutants are at least partially recessive. Heterozygotes had
higher

trait means than

homozygotes in all five cases, and these differences were significant

for late fecundity and female

longevity. For all traits, genetic variance was larger among homozygous
crosses

than among

heterozygous crosses. These results are consistent with those of many other

studies that suggest

that both unselected mutations and those found segregating in natural

populations are partially recessive.
Glutathione reductase activity deficiency in homozygous
Gr1a1Neu mice does not cause haemolytic anaemia
Authors: PRETSCH WALTER
Published: July 2002

A glutathione reductase (GR) mutant with approximately 50% residual
enzyme activity in blood
compared with wild-type was detected amongst offspring of isopropyl methanesulphonate-treated

male mice. Homozygous mutants with only 2% residual enzyme activity were
recovered in
progeny of inter se matings of heterozygotes. Results of linkage
studies indicate a mutation at the
Gr1 structural locus on chromosome 8. The loss of GR activity
was evident both in blood and in
other tissue extracts. Erythrocyte and organo-somatic indices did not show
differences between
wild-types and homozygous mutants, indicating no association between the
GR deficiency and
haemolytic anaemia in this potential animal model.
Airborne geophysics and geochemistry
provide new insights in the intracontinental evolution
of the Mesoproterozoic Kibaran belt (Central Africa)
Authors: FERNANDEZ-ALONSO M. , THEUNISSEN K.
Published: July 2002

The Mesoproterozoic Kibaran belt in southwest Rwanda (Central Africa)

consists of two contrasting
metamorphic sequences. The first is essentially composed of weakly deformed,
low-grade pelitic
rocks with many quartzitic intercalations and some volcano-sedimentary

sequences. The second consists of
medium- to high-grade metamorphic metasediments and gneisses, intruded
by
sheared granitoids. Existing
geological maps are of limited use in understanding the evolution of this

part of the Kibaran belt. A combination
of airborne γ-spectrometry data with Landsat TM imagery readily
distinguishes known lithologies,
and in particular detects two distinct granite types. Trace element data

for one granite type does not correspond
with known petrochemical trends of Kibaran granites, and may belong to
a pre-Kibaran basement.
The combining of these data with a recently published schematic geological

map of the northeast Kibaran
belt and re-interpreted field structural data, suggests a model for the

Kibaran orogenic evolution in terms of
extensional detachment tectonics and associated metamorphic core complexes.
OPPORTUNITIES, ORGANIZATIONS, AND IDEAS: ISLAMISTS AND WORKERS IN TUNISIA AND ALGERIA
Authors: Alexander Christopher
Published: July 2002

Since the late 1970s, a voluminous body of scholarship has examined the socio-economic roots of Islamist politics. Much of this literature presents Islamist movements as angry responses to corrupt authoritarian regimes and broken moral economies in the post-oil boom era. In this view, Islam offers a culturally authentic alternative to a disinherited and disenfranchised generation.
Performance of lambs and the incidence of staggers and heat stress on two perennial ryegrass (Lolium
perenne) cultivars using a leader-follower rotational grazing management system
Authors: BLUETT S. J. , HODGSON J. , KEMP P. D. , BARRY T. N.
Published: July 2002

A summer lamb finishing experiment at Palmerston North, New Zealand compared the performance
and health of weaned lambs grazing Aries HD or Yatsyn 1 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Aries
HD ryegrass was originally selected for increased digestibility over summer and early autumn. Two
groups of Romney×Suffolk lambs (15 per group) were rotationally grazed on each cultivar in a
leader-follower sequence to assess both the nutritive value of the pastures and the alkaloid challenge
imposed by the respective cultivar/endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) associations. Herbage from leader
pastures contained a higher content of ryegrass (600 v. 474±27·3 g/kg, P < 0·001) and a lower
content of dead material (355 v. 479±34·2 g/kg, P < 0·001) than follower pastures. The in vitro
organic matter digestibility coefficient of leader pastures was greater (0·62 v. 0·55±0·024, P < 0·05)
and the neutral detergent fibre content lower (592 v. 631±11·4 g/kg, P < 0·005) than follower
pastures. Consequently, the leader lambs had faster liveweight gains (92 v. 53±10·6 g/day,
P < 0·0005) than the follower lambs. Aries HD and Yatsyn 1 cultivars were similar in sward
composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility, neutral detergent fibre content and nitrogen
content. Lambs grazing Aries HD had a higher herbage intake in late January than lambs grazing
Yatsyn 1 pasture (0·95 v. 0·85±0·023 kg OM/day, P < 0·005). Overall, the liveweight gains of lambs
grazing Aries HD and Yatsyn 1 were similar (71 v. 73±10·6 g/day, P > 0·7).

Grazing sequence and cultivar did not affect the concentrations of lolitrem B and peramine from
herbage cut to ground level. However, serum prolactin concentration, which can indicate ergovaline
intoxication, was lower in lambs grazing follower swards (181 v. 120±18·0 ng/ml, P < 0·005).
Ergovaline concentration in Aries HD herbage was about half the concentration detected in Yatsyn
1 herbage (0·25 v. 0·49±0·050 mg/kg, P < 0·001). In addition, respiration rate, which can be an
indicator of heat stress, was higher in lambs grazing Yatsyn 1 than Aries HD (77 v. 74±1·1 breaths
per minute, P < 0·005). All lambs on all treatments had clinical ryegrass staggers from 10 February
to 9 March. Lambs were removed from the experiment on 9 March. Both grazing sequence and
cultivar affected the severity of ryegrass staggers. Staggers score was highest in Yatsyn 1 followers
(4·4) and lowest in Aries HD leaders (3·1). Both grazing sequence and cultivar affected the alkaloid
challenge imposed on lambs, resulting in differences in staggers severity, heat stress and performance
of the lambs over the summer and autumn period.