bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Media Digital dalam Penggunaan Media Sosial Terhadap Pola Komunikasi Interpersonal pada Remaja
Authors: Alaika Amaly Khaira  , Gisella Aisyah  , Hocky Nis Kharisma Dewi  , Rahma Aniq Aulia  , April Laksana
Published: February 2025

Digital media has a role in establishing two-way communication. Two-way communication itself consists of several factors, one of which is the influence of digital media on interpersonal communication, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that arise. Technological transformations, especially social media, have changed the way individuals interact, creating global connectivity but also reducing emotional engagement and depth of relationships. This research found that although digital media facilitates greater interaction, there are risks to the quality of communication and social skills. Therefore, it is important to manage the use of digital media in order to maintain the quality of effective interpersonal communication. This study focuses on the realm of interpersonal communication, specifically examining the effects of social media on the interpersonal communication of adolescents. The objective is to assess how social media impacts these interactions. The methodology employed is qualitative, with data gathered through literature review and comprehensive interviews with a select group of teenagers. The analysis of qualitative data is an interactive process that begins at the early stages of research and continues until results are obtained. Findings indicate that social media usage does influence the interpersonal communication of teenagers, potentially leading to a decrease in direct interactions and a possible desensitization to real-world situations. It is imperative, therefore, that teenagers are provided with exemplary models of communication.
Peran Pancasila sebagai Pedoman Kehidupan Berbangsa dan Bernegara dalam Dinamika Sejarah dan Perkembangannya
Authors: Ahmad Muhamad Mustain Nasoha  , Ashfiya Nur Atqiya  , Aisha Arista Widiya  , Rismaya Wulandari  , Riski Muhamad Sholeh Triatmojo  , Ardiyan Nugraheni
Published: February 2025

Pancasila is the foundation and guideline of life for the Indonesian people, which contains five important values as state goals. The history of the formation of Pancasila reflects the processes and dynamics that occurred in Indonesian society, both in the pre-independence, independence and Old Order eras. In this context, Pancasila is not only considered as the basis of the state, but also as a moral and ethical guideline in the behavior of the nation. This research examines how the values of Pancasila play a role in shaping national identity and facing the challenges of globalization, as well as the importance of youth in living and implementing these values to maintain the spirit of nationhood.
Eksitensi Siaran RRI Takengon Ditengah Era Digitalisasi
Authors: Viana Safrida Harahap  , Subhan AB  , Suknah Suknah  , Husni Fachri  , Fitra jayadi
Published: February 2025

There are two problems in this research, namely the first, how is the existence of RRI Takengon in the digitalization era, the second is what is the background for RRI to make radio streaming. The type of data in this study is qualitative data, namely data that describes, explains, and describes the problems with the problems studied. There are two data sources in this study, namely primary data sources, namely data sources obtained from the leadership and staff of LPP RRI Takengon and also some RRI Takengon listeners by asking directly to informants. And secondary data, namely data taken from literature related to the problem to be researched such as books on existence, radio, and online media as well as documents related to what will be researched. The process of analyzing begins with examining all data from various sources, namely from interviews, observations, documents, and so on. While the data collection technique used in this study was field research (Field Research). From the results of this research, RRI continues to strive to present interesting broadcast content not only via terrestrial but also online
Keefektifan Media Komunikasi Visual Powerpoint dalam Menyampaikan Pembelajaran di Prodi Pendidikan Penyuluh Agama Semester 3
Authors: Agnieska Natalia Hutabarat  , Raikhapoor Raikhapoor
Published: February 2025

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PowerPoint visual communication media in delivering learning in the Islamic Counseling Education Program during the third semester. With the increasing need for engaging and interactive teaching methods, PowerPoint was chosen as a tool to enhance student understanding and participation. The research method employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through classroom observations, interviews with lecturers and students, as well as analysis of the learning materials presented using PowerPoint. The research sample consisted of third-semester students and the lecturers teaching the courses. The results indicate that the use of PowerPoint significantly increasees students' interest and motivation to learn. The attractive visual features and structured information delivery help students comprehend the concepts being taught. Additionally, the interactions that occur during PowerPoint presentations contribute to enhancing student engagement in the learning process. However, the study also found that the effectiveness of PowerPoint is highly dependent on the lecturer's ability to design and deliver the material. Lecturers who are skilled in using PowerPoint can create a more dynamic and interactive learning environment. Therefore, training for lecturers in the use of digital learning media is highly recommended. In concusion, PowerPoint is an effective visual communication media for delivering learning in the Islamic Counseling Education Program, provided that its use is supported by adequate lecturer competencies. This study offers recommendations for enhancing lecturer training in the use of PowerPoint to achieve optimal learning outcomes.
Strategi Public Relation Dalam Pemasaran Digital: Analisis Kolaborasi Webseries “Pakai Hati Reborn” Dengan Bank BRI Dalam Meningkatkan Literasi Keuangan Masyarakat
Authors: Fiwasifi Isyiya  , Ida Farida  , Rica Anggraini  , Siti Muawanah  , Siti Nurul Aisyah
Published: February 2025

This study examines Bank BRI's Public Relations (PR) strategy in digital marketing through its collaboration with the web series "Pakai Hati Reborn." The goal is to enhance financial literacy among the younger generation. Using qualitative content analysis, this research investigates the communication strategy and its impact on public understanding. The results show that the collaboration successfully increases public interest in financial literacy and strengthens Bank BRI's brand image as a caring financial institution. Digital and entertainment approaches effectively convey educational messages.
A Critical Evaluation of Blockchain Technology for Financial Inclusion
Authors: Dr. K. Baranidharan  , Nithish Kumar. K  , Kishore M  , Rajesh Kumar. T  , Parthiban. V. S  , Jeevabharathi. V
Published: February 2025

This study explores the transformative potential of blockchain technology in enhancing financial inclusion, particularly for unbanked and underbanked populations. By examining the characteristics and applications of blockchain, the study highlights how this decentralized, transparent, and secure technology can bridge the gap between marginalized communities and essential financial services. The analysis also identifies the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing blockchain solutions in the financial sector, ultimately underscoring the importance of understanding these dynamics for policymakers, financial institutions, and technology developers
Modulación de la microbiota intestinal a través de intervenciones no farmacológicas: Implicaciones en el tratamiento de la depresión
Authors: Eugenio Chafloque Capuñay José , Alcibíades Cayetano Vásquez Manuel
Published: February 2025

La relación entre la microbiota intestinal y la salud mental ha capturado
la atención de científicos, médicos y profesionales de la salud en los últimos
años. Este creciente interés no solo refleja un avance significativo en nuestra
comprensión del cuerpo humano, sino también un cambio de paradigma hacia
enfoques más integrales para el tratamiento de trastornos complejos como la
depresión.
Uses and Gratifications Approach to Communicating with Prospective Graduate Students in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
Authors: Byrd Allison R. , Lamm Alexa J.
Published: February 2025

Universities often overlook prospective graduate students—significant contributors to research productivity—as an audience requiring strategic recruitment communication. Uses and gratifications theory posits audiences intentionally select specific communication channels to fulfill self-actualization needs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore how high-achieving graduate students fulfilled self-actualization needs using communication channels during their graduate school recruitment processes. This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews with 19 graduate students from the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences at the University of Georgia. Deductive analysis revealed participants’ cognitive needs were fulfilled by websites, interpersonal communication, emails, peer-reviewed journal articles, and social media. Affective needs were fulfilled by emails, in-person visits, and reputation. Personal integrative needs were fulfilled by emails, websites, direct communication, and peer-reviewed journal articles. Social integrative needs were fulfilled by personal connections, in-person visits, emails, and social media. Emails fulfilled four self-actualization needs and should be prioritized during recruitment. Websites, journal articles, and social media gave students a holistic view of university life and provided them with the confidence to explore the university further. Results additionally implied the importance of interpersonal communication and professional relationships.
A Genome-wide Search for Essential SUMOylation E3 ligase for Influenza A Virus through qFRET Technology
Authors: Wong Nikki , Mirza Shifa
Published: February 2025

Influenza is one of the most prevalent viruses that has plagued millions worldwide. Every year health organizations encourage the public to get their flu vaccines to combat the flu season. Although the flu vaccines and medicines are widely available, it is estimated that flu viruses still cause 20,000-50,000 deaths every year. The two most common influenza virus strains are influenza A and B viruses, or IAV and IBV, respectively. It has been discovered that drug resistance develops very soon after a new drug is launched. It is highly demanded that anti-flu virus drugs with novel mechanisms be developed. Our lab has discovered that SUMOylation, a post-translational modification, is essential to the viral IAV and IBV life cycle. In this study, we have screened all the E3 ligases in the human genome to discover the SUMO E3 ligase responsible for the essential SUMOylation of IAV M1 protein using our Quantitative Fluorescence Energy Transfer(qFRET). We first determined the FRET spectrum of all E3 ligases with M1 protein and then quantified the FRET signals to provide a first-line examination of interactions. We then determined the E3-M1 interaction affinities, KD, to ensure the real interactions. We found the E3 ligase PIAS1 has the highest affinity to M1 among other E3s. By understanding the interaction affinity between IAV M1 protein with SUMOylation E3 ligase, we hope to block the interaction between the PIAS1-M1 for novel anti-flu medicine development.   
Isometric Hamstrings:Quadriceps Strength Ratio, Flexibility, and Gait Pattern as Predictors of Knee Health
Authors: Bazzani Lorenzo
Published: February 2025

The knee joint faces daily stresses that cause its overall health to degrade and pathologies to develop. I hypothesized that increased stress on the knee joint and imbalance in thigh musculature would positively correlate with increased acoustic emissions from the knee joint, a biomarker of inflammation in the joint. We tested this hypothesis by selecting a cohort of healthy, moderately active individuals aged 18-32 across a range of BMIs. We collected baseline knee acoustic measurements and measured quadricep and hamstring flexibility, hamstring and quadricep maximum voluntary isometric contraction, and heel strike angle during self-selected walking gait. Heel strike angle does not correlate with increased acoustic emissions from the knee, but BMI negatively correlates with the hamstrings:quadriceps strength ratio. Furthermore, left hamstring flexibility positively correlates with left heel strike angle. Finally, we found that right quadricep flexibility had a positive correlation with right heel strike angle. Since the hamstrings:quadriceps strength ratio is an important biomarker for knee health, this finding may indicate evidence of progressing knee pathology in individuals with higher BMI. Changes in gait associated with muscle rigidity indicate that differential levels of upper leg muscle flexibility may translate to changes in the mechanics of everyday movements, such as walking.
A STUDY OF RISK FACTORS IN DIABETIC FOOT ULCER IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AND STRATEGYOF PREVENTION.
Authors: Rasool Muhammad Imtiaz , Ather Hunza binte , Wahla Fakiha , Maqbool Madeeha , Khushi Majid
Published: February 2025

Objective: To identify common risk factorsin diabetic patients who presented with foot ulceration and present a programme for their prevention.Methodology: This is a hospital based descriptive study. This study was conducted in the department of surgery Unit –I from Jan, 2015 to July, 2017 at Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital Lahore 150 consecutive patients with a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) were included in the study. Various risk factors such as age; gender; peripheral arterial disease; peripheral neuropathy; duration, control and type of diabetes; smoking and education about foot care were noted.During their stay at hospital glycemiccontrol was achieved and diabetic ulcer was treated.Results: The majority of the patients were males with male to female ratio 3:1.The maximum number of patients were in the 6th decade (40%) followed by 5thdecade(31%). All the patients except one were suffering from type 2 diabetes. Diabetic control waspoor in 98% patients at the time of admission. 50% of the patients were suffering from diabetes for more than 10 years. 52% patients were smokers. Peripheral neuropathy was noted in 82% patients, whereas peripheral pulses were palpable in 82% patients. 56% patients presented in Wagener’S grade 3 and 4Diabetic ulcer. 15% patientsended up with amputation. 80% of the patients werenot educated about foot careby the treating physician. 45 % patients were notaware of foot care.Screening and education of high risk patients are recommended.Conclusion: Males, smoking,peripheral neuropathy, long duration, poor control, type 2 diabetes and lack of knowledge about foot care are the main reasons for diabetic foot ulcer.Screening of high risk patients is recommended.Key Words.Risk factors, Smoking, Type 2 diabetes
BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION ON WEIGHT AND BMI OF MICE TAKING HIGH-FAT DIET
Authors: Nasrullah Chaman , Qureshi Hamid  Javaid , Tabbsum Maimoona , Akram Sana , Siddhu Jabran  Javaid , Iftikhar Romana
Published: February 2025

Objective:Obesity is a serious health issue that is rising worldwide. Underdeveloped and developed countries both are becoming the culpritsof this pandemic. Decreased levels of vitamin D and obesity are correlated. This study was planned to see whether vitamin D supplementation has any effect on weight and body mass index(BMI)of mice taking the high-fat diet. Methods:This was a randomizedcontrol trial, conducted at the Physiology Department of Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore from October 2017 to December 2017. Ninety (90)male mice were randomly divided into 3 groups. Each group had 30 mice.The total duration of the study was 6 weeks.Group A was the normal diet control group, GroupB was the high-fat diet control group, Group C was high-fat diet and vitamin D taking test group. The weight of every mouse was recorded twice a weekfor 6 weeksby the electronic weighing machine.Initial and final nasoanallength of every mouse was taken and initial and final BMI was calculated.The difference in the nasoanal length and BMI was calculated anddata was analyzed using SPSSversion 20.Results:Mean weight of group B mice increased significantly as compared to group A mice(p=0.005).Mean weight of group C mice reduced significantly as compared to group B mice(p=0.028). Mean weight of group A and C mice was not significantly different from each other (p=0.822).Mean BMI of group C mice reduced significantly as compared to group B mice (p=0.002). BMI of group A and B mice was not significantly different from each other (p=0.330). Difference of BMI between group C and A was also statistically insignificant(p=0.111).Conclusion: Vitamin D prevents weight gain and increase in BMI ofmice taking high fat diet.KeyWords:Obesity, Body Mass Index, Vitamin D
EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CLOVE (Eugenia Caryophyllata) ON PAIN IN MICE
Authors: Tabassum Saima , Qureshi Hamid Javaid , Anjum Ambreen , Manzoor Sobia , Pasha Hafiza Hina , Toseef Wardah
Published: February 2025

Background:Pain is a natural phenomenon. There are several pharmacological medicines available in the market for pain relief. Ethanolic extract of clove is a natural ingredient and can be as beneficial as a pharmacological drug for pain relief.Objective:To determine the effectof Eugenia caryophyllata flower buds ethanolic extract on experimentally induced pain in albino mice.Material and Methods: This randomized trial was done on 90male albino mice. An intraperitoneal injection of 0.6% acetic acidwasinduced for the writhing test as a chemical model of nociception. Mice were divided randomly into threeequal groups. Group A was considered as a controlgroup(n=30) and normal salinewas infused; group B was given Eugenia caryophyllataflower bud ethanolic extract (n=30)and group C was given an intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin(n=30). In these mice, abdominal contractions (writhings) were counted. SPSS version. 22 was used to analyze the data.Result: The mean number of writhing in each of the three groups of mice was16.80 writhingsin group A, 4.90 writhingsin group B,and 4.60 writhingsin group C.Ethanolic extract of clove and indomethacin significantly reduced (p<0.05) the number of writhing.Conclusion:The Eugenia caryophyllataethanolic extract significantly reducesthe pain in mice.This analgesic effect is almost similar to that produced by indomethacin.Key Words: Clove,Pain, Mice
ROLE OF PROGNOSTIC VARIABLES OF MEDICAL IMPORTANCE AND THEIR INTERPLAY IN LEUKEMIA: A STUDY FROM LOCAL POPULATION
Authors: Alam Rabail , Qureshi Muhammad  Saeed , Kanwal Zunaira , Waquar Sulayman , Iqbal Saima , Farooq Naeem
Published: February 2025

Introduction:Leukemia is defined as the cancer of blood-forming tissues. It is equally common in children and adults. It involves abnormal production of white blood cells (WBCs) which are primarily responsible for the defense in the human body thus, abnormality in the production of WBCs leads to the failure in combating the infection. Aimof the current study is to rule out the significant markers of prognostic importance that play an important role in the development of leukemia in the local populationMaterial and Methods: Thirty (n=30) patients of leukemia and thirty (n=30) healthy controls were enrolled for the current studyby random sampling.This cross sectional study was approved bythe Departmental Research Committee (DRC), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), the University of Lahore. Blood and Saliva samples were collected and subjected for the analysis of the MDA, isoprostanes, Interleukin, MPO,and Neutrophils levels with the help of their respective protocols.Results:Results of this study showedthat the levels of oxidative stress markers and interleukins were significantly increased in patients with leukemic disorders ascompared with the healthy subjects. It showed thatlevels of MDA, isoprostanes, 8-OHdG,TNF-αand interleukin-6 were significantly higher(p-value = 0.019, 0.001, 0.041, 0.008 and 0.016 respectively)in the serum and saliva samples of patients as compared to that in the healthy subjects. Levels of MPO and Neutrophils presentedsignificantly (p-value= 0.043, 0.007) higher levels in the blood samples whereas, these were not detected in the saliva samples of the patients.Conclusion:The current study suggests the significant role of oxidative stress markers in the initiation and progression of leukemia. It shows levels of interleukin and markers of DNA damage remained elevated in the patients with leukemia as compared to that of healthy individuals. Therefore, therapy with significant antioxidants can improve the status of individuals suffering from leukemia in the local population.KeyWords:Leukemia, Neutrophils, Interleukin-6
ONLINE OPINION ON GOVERNMENT POLICIES REGARDING COVID-19 BY HEALTH CARE WORKERS OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Minhas Sadia , Chaudhry Rabia , Rehman Zobaria , Butt Saira , Tariq Qunoot , Hussain Sabir
Published: February 2025

Introduction:COVID-19 emerged in December 2019 and has spread quickly and aggressively and became a major health concern worldwide. The main aim of this study was to assess and evaluate online the opinion of health care workers (HCWs) regarding policies of government of Pakistan in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic.Material and Methods:A self-designed electronic questionnaire was created using Google Forms. The questionnaires were distributed to HCWs via e-communication apps and social media. The collected data wascoded, entered, and assessed using SPSS version 20. Statistical relationship of the opinion of HCWs in association with education level was evaluated using the Pearson Chi-square test and two-sided Fisher exact test. p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 625 participants sent their responses. Almost half of the study participants were of 15-24 years of the age range, and 24.6% were Bachelor in Medicine and Bachelor in Surgery (MBBS).More than 90% of HCWs expressed that the Government should restrict travelling from the affected countries and provide free screening nationwide. The 42.2% of HCWs were not satisfied with the Government measures and 44% HCWs disagreed that Government institutions will be able to control the pandemic. 88.5% of HCWsagreed with the effective communication strategies of authorities about COVID-19, and they showed satisfaction that public health messages were clearly delivered to the public, whereas, 81.8% of HCWs were not satisfied with the public response. A significant association was seen between the level of educationand demand for a free screening of COVID-19 by the Government (p = 0.000) andsatisfaction level about the Government precautionary measures for the prevention of the spread of COVID (p = 0.006).Conclusion: Majority of the HCWs were satisfied with the awareness strategies and communication by the Pakistani Government, but were notsatisfied by the public response to these strategies and measures. The mainstream of HCWs also demanded travel ban, free screening, information of suspected cases to the health authorities. However, they also expressed their concern that the Government institutions will not be able to control the pandemic. Key Words:COVID-19, Pandemic, Prevention
A CASE OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIAWITH COMPLICATIONS PRESENTED IN FAROOQ HOSPITAL, LAHORE.
Authors: Farooq Omair , Waheed Alia , Arshad Atiqa
Published: February 2025

A CASE OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIAWITH COMPLICATIONS PRESENTED IN FAROOQ HOSPITAL, LAHORE.
PATTERN OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS IN MOTORCYCLISTS IN LAHORE
Authors: Joya Aneeqa Mumtaz , Manzoor Iram , Maqbool Saadia , Waheed Tayaba , Afzal Usama , Muzaffer Muntaha
Published: February 2025

Background:Road-traffic emissions induce adverse health effects, mainlyrespiratoryhealth problems.Due to long-term exposure to these air pollutants, motorcyclists are at high riskof developing respiratory illnesses orworsening pre-existent diseases.This study aimed to determine the pattern of respiratory symptomsin motorcyclists in Lahore.Material and Methods:This descriptive cross-sectionalstudy was conductedfrom Jan 2019-July 2019 among motorcyclists in Lahore. Using convenience sampling technique, a sample of 209 motorcyclistswas selected.A self-constructed pre-tested questionnaire was used.Data wereanalyzed usingSPSS version 23.Results:The mean age of participants was 34.8±11.4years. The mean duration of using a motorcycle was 14.9±8.8years.The majority of motorcyclists traveled1-3 hours per day.About 38.3% participants reported of having frequent respiratory illnesses. The cough was the main symptom reported by 63.6% of participants. Other reported symptoms were wheezing(20.1%), shortness of breath(37.8%), chest tightness(33.5%), nasal congestion (17.7%),sneezing (39.7%)irritation of the throat(47.4%),and asthma(22.5%). Only 29% of motorcyclists usedmaskswhile riding the bikes. Twenty-two percent of respondents gave a history of hospitalization due to respiratory illnesses.Conclusion:The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among motorcyclists was high in Lahore.The cough was the main symptom,reported by 63.6% of participants. Other symptoms included productive cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, symptoms of rhinitis, irritation of throat and asthma. A very low percentage of motorcyclists usedface masks. Key Words:Air pollutants, Cough,Asthma
RENIN –ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM (RAAS)
Authors: Qureshi Hamid Javaid , Hamid Naila
Published: February 2025

In thecontrolof arterialblood pressure, fluid,and electrolyte balance, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a very important role. Juxtaglomerular (JG) cellssecreterenin which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1 which is further changed into angiotensin II by angiotensin-convertingenzyme (ACE)located in endothelial cellsof the lung capillaries. Angiotensin II exerts its actionsto regulate blood pressure, fluid,and electrolyte balance.Key Words:Renin, Angiotensinogen, Blood Pressure
EFFECTIVENESS OF ORAL GLUTAMINE CHALLENGE TEST IN DIAGNOSING MINIMAL HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHYIN LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Fiaz Raja Omer , Hanif Farooq , Latif Shahzad , Chaudhary Usman , Waseem Tariq
Published: February 2025

Background: Due to the lack of agold standard test, it is difficult to diagnose minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Oral glutamine challenge has been found to increase blood ammonia inpatients withcirrhosis. This study was aimed to investigate the accuracy of the oral glutamine challenge testin diagnosing minimal hepatic encephalopathyMaterial and Methods:Thisvalidationstudy was performed at the gastroenterology unit, East Medical Ward, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, fromSeptember 2016 to November 2018by using the non-probability convenience samplingtechnique.All patients included in the study had undergonea baseline blood ammonia measurementandwere administered Trail Making Test-A and B; those having anabnormal test werediagnosed to haveminimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Arterial blood samples were collected for ammonia measurement. After that,patients were given oral glutamine challenge and blood ammonia levels were again determined after 60 minutes, together with psychometric tests.Results:The mean ageof study participantswas46.22±10.04 years. Psychometric Test-A showed positive findings in 50patients. Psychometric Test-B showed the same findings as that of Psychometric Test A. Mean ammonia level beforeOral glutamine challenge (OGC) was 88.71±45.20mg/dL. After the OGC test,the mean ammonia level was 145.16±69.02mg/dL. The sensitivity and Specificity of OGC to diagnoseMHE was 86% and 93.26% respectively. While 87.75% value representspositive prediction and a value of 92.22% suggests negative prediction.Overall diagnostic accuracy of OGC for detecting MHE was 90.65%.Conclusion: In liver cirrhosispatients,the oral glutamine challenge test is as effective as a psychometric test for the diagnosis oftheMHE.Key Words:Ammonia,Hepatic encephalopathy,Glutamine
COMPARISON OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT BLOOD GROUPS AND GENDER
Authors: Kanwal Shumaela , Rao Maryam , Mahmood Qanita , Qureshi Hamid Javaid
Published: February 2025

Background:There hasbeen increasing concernsthat personality characteristicsincluding knowledge, behavior, skill,and intelligence can be predicted by a person’s blood group. This study was conducted to compare the academic performance of students of different blood groups and genderMaterial and methods:Cross-sectionalstudy was conducted at Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College. The study included 181 participants.General characteristics andacademic scores were recorded on a structured Performa and the blood group of each participant was determined by the glass slide method. Comparison of academic scores of students in different ABO blood groups was done by one-way ANOVA. Academic scores of males and females students were compared by independentt-test. Comparison of academic scores in Rh-positive and negative groups was done by independentt-test.Results:Academic scores were significantly higher in blood group O (p-value=0.02). There was no significant association in academic scoresamong genders and Rh blood groups.Conclusion:Students with blood group O have high academic performance.Key Words:Blood Groups, Academic Performance, Gender
PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Authors: Qureshi Hamid Javaid , Hamid Naila
Published: February 2025

Basal ganglia (nuclei) are masses of gray matter present in the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere. These function in close association with the motor cortex and cortisospinal system. Their functions include control of corplex motor activity, cognitive control of motor activity and change of timing and extent of motor activity. Degeneration of neurons pars compacta of substantic nigra leads to Parkinson’s disease. There is deficiency of dopamine in coudate and putamen. There is imbalance between the neurotransmitter acetyl cholum & dopamine which leads to featares of the disease. Key Words:Basal ganglia,Dopamine,Putamen
WASH STRATEGY TO IMPROVE PRACTICES OF WATER AND SANITATION IN HEALTH CARE SETTINGS.
Authors: Afzal Saira , Nasir Mehreen
Published: February 2025

WASH STRATEGY TO IMPROVE PRACTICES OF WATER AND SANITATION IN HEALTH CARE SETTINGS.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY AMONG MARRIED ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN PAKISTAN: SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM PAKISTAN DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY
Authors: Tehreem Abida , Zakar Rubeena , Khan Bilal Saleem , Hussain Mamouna Faqir , Afzal Rahat
Published: February 2025

Background: Child marriage exposes girls to increased health problems and violence, denies them access to social networks and support systems, and perpetuates a cycle of poverty and gender inequality. Termination of pregnancies can be the consequence ofteenage pregnancy.This study aims to find the association of factors in teenage mothers that lead to termination of pregnancy.Material andMethods:The sample of 5694 women 10-17years of age was selected from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2012-2013. Results:It was considered that women married as children hadmore risk of termination ofpregnancy. Out of the total, 37% of women married as children experienced termination ofpregnancy. A higher number of women married as children were poor, uneducated andliving in rural areas. Thisindicatesthat child marriages are a huge concern for Pakistanand drastically increasedrisk of maternal morbidity and mortality. Conclusion:Despite early age andsocial inequity other factors such as the experience of violence, blood relation with husband, few antenatal visits, low education level and employment status of women has a profound effect on termination of pregnancy.Key Words:Maternal mortality, Reproductive health,Pregnancy
COMPARATIVESTUDYOFENDOSCOPICVSEXTERNALDACRYOCYSTORHINOSTOMY
Authors: Bhutta Zubair Iqbal , Sheikh Ali Husnain , Saleem Muhammad Dawood , Roy Shuman
Published: February 2025

Background:This study was carried out to compare the success rate of external and endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR) in patients withnasolacrimalduct obstruction. Material & Methods:Interventional studydesign was opted. Total 80 patients were divided into twogroups with 40 patients in each group. Group 1 underwentexternal DCR while group 2 underwent endoscopic DCR in Akhtar Saeed Trust hospital from 1/2/2017 to31/1/2020. The success rate of endoscopic group was compared with the external group in regular followupafter 7thpost-op day, one month, 3 months, 6 months and one year. All the data was entered and analyzedwith SPSS version 20. Quantitative variable like age was presented asmean and standarddeviation.Qualitativevariables werecalculated in frequenciesand percentages.Result:The success rate in terms of relief of epiphora was 92.5% in endoscopic group ascompared to 85% in externalgroup.Conclusion:The endoscopic DCR showed better results than the external DCR.KeyWords:Nasolacrimalduct, Epiphora,Dacryocystorhinostomy
HEALTH AND DISEASE STATUS OF FEMALE INMATES IN CENTRAL JAIL KARACHI: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Mansoori Naveed , Mubeen Syed Muhammad , Sabah Noor-us- , Fatmi yed Ishtiaq Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Background: Globally, female prisoners represent about 7% of the total prison population. Women in prisons need special treatment due to their separationfrom their communities, homes,and families.There is a highincidence of chronic diseasesamong prisoners in manyparts of the world.Objective:The study aimedto identify the general health conditionamong female inmates in Karachiprison.Material andMethods:A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2019. Data werecollected from 100 women prisoners inCentral Jail, Karachi using a non-probability convenient sampling technique.A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the data about health issues among women prisoners. Descriptive analysis was done and a Chi-square test was used to observe the association of different variables withdisease statusand time in imprisonment. p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:Out of 100 inmates, 30%suffered from different health problemsand 49% were prisonedfor more than 6 months. The majority of the prisoners(58%)were addicted, 96% usedtap water for drinkingand 73% were satisfied with sanitary conditions in prison.Statistically significant (p<0.05) difference was found between hypertension and allergic diseases with time spent in prison. Conclusion: Female prisoners face many health problems during their imprisonment. Although sanitary conditions aresatisfactory and treatment facility is available in prison, a significant proportion of female prisoners suffer from different acute and chronic diseases. Key Words:Prison, Health, Women
IRISIN: A NEWLY DISCOVERED NOVEL MYOKINE
Authors: Akram Sana , Qureshi Hamid Javaid
Published: February 2025

The name irisinwasgivenafter the Greek messenger goddess Iris.It is secreted by musclesduring exercise. Irisin enhances lipolysis and inhibits hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Acute exercise markedly increases irisin levels and is correlated mainly with ATP levels.A positive correlation existsbetween plasma irisin and muscle mass, glucose, ghrelin, IGF1,and BMI. Plasma irisin levels are reduced markedly in patientswithtype 2 diabetes. Irisin levels are negatively associated with age, serum cholesterol, serum insulin,and serum adiponectin levels. Irisin induces the browning of subcutaneous white adipocytes. It increases aerobic capacity. In the liver, irisin promotes the synthesis of glycogen and inhibits gluconeogenesis. It may contribute to the beta cells profileration. Irisin has an antioxidant effect. It induces endothelial angiogenesis. Key Words:Exercise, BMI, Muscle
Pengaruh Penggunaan Aplikasi Wattpad terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Cerita Pendek Siswa SMPN 1 Siak Hulu
Authors: Nova Pristi Dian , Febria Rhani
Published: February 2025

Kurangnya kemampuan menulis cerita pendek pada mata pelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra indonesia di kalangan siswa SMPN 1 Siak Hulu menjadi penyebab utama penelitian ini dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh pemanfaatan aplikasi Wattpad terhadap kemampuan menulis cerita pendek siswa SMPN 1 Siak Hulu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2024. Dilaksanakan di SMPN 1 Siak Hulu, Jl. Kubang Jaya, Kecamatan Siak Hulu, Kabupaten Kampar, Riau. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre eksperimen dengan jenis one group pretest-posttest. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 33 siswa yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian adalah uji-t. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menulis cerita pendek sebelum diberikan perlakuan menggunakan Wattpad diperoleh nilai rata-rata berjumlah 67,61. Sementara itu, hasil penelitian tentang kemampuan menulis cerita pendek menggunakan aplikasi Wattpad menunjukkan skor rata-rata 81,09. Berdasarkan tujuan penelitian dan analisis data diperoleh taraf signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05, dengan Thitung > Ttabel atau 5,856 > 1,695. Dengan demikian, Ha diterima, sedangkan H0 ditolak. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan aplikasi Wattpad berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan menulis cerita pendek siswa SMPN 1 Siak Hulu.
Big Bad Wolf: Masculinity and Heroes in Modern Uyghur Literature
Authors: Zelcer–Lavid Michal
Published: February 2025

Men were the cornerstone of the Uyghur family and society and the core of the cultural and economic system in Xinjiang. Shifting power dynamics within Uygur society and the rise of Uyghur women have weakened the traditional role of Uyghur men. In the daily reality, Uyghur men are discriminated against in employment, education, housing, and political representation by the Han. This inferiority has led to the emphasis on physical masculine traits as an ethnonational symbol aiming to represent Han man as “feminine” and “weak” compared with the “masculine” Uyghur man. This chapter defines the representation of Uyghur masculinity through contemporary Uyghur literature. The literary space is an oasis of manhood in which the authors, mostly men, can, on the one hand, debate their decreasing status and, on the other, create an “imagined hegemony” in order to secure and preserve their culture.
Development of Food Products by Using Millets and Medicinal Plants for Diabetes Management
Authors: Ruhela Bharti , Naithani Rekha , Sati S.C. , Ringwal Sumit , Rohilla Vishal
Published: February 2025

It has been widely observed and accepted that diabetes mellitus is spreading at an
implausible pace. Management of diabetes requires continuous diagnosis of blood glucose levels and a balanced diet. A major portion of the daily diet of the Indian population comes from cereals such as wheat flour, refined flour, and rice, which are high-glycaemic index foods. Therefore, they attribute to high blood glucose levels. In the present work we have developed, the food products consist mainly of low-glycaemic index foods such as barnyard millet and sorghum grain. To enhance their capability to control blood glucose levels, antidiabetic plant material was also added. A total of five food products were developed, namely Instant Barnyard Upma, Premix of Millets Idli, Millets Mangodi, Herbal Tea Bags, Barnyard and Sorghum crackers to replace the traditional Uppuma, Idli, Mangodi, Tea and Mathri, respectively. Two recipes for each developed product were standardized. Their nutritive and sensory evaluation has shown their acceptability and their potential to replace traditional recipes.
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Lotion Ekstrak Daun Kembang Sepatu Merah (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) sebagai Antioksidan
Authors: Mia Arifka  , Budi Setiawan  , Selvia Susanti
Published: February 2025

Red hibiscus leaves (Hibiscus rosa sinensis L.) are used as medicinal plants because they contain alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols and saponins. Previous studies have formulated liquid detergent and creambath preparations from hibiscus leaf extract. This study was experimental using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent for 5 days and was shaken every 1x24 hours. Red hibiscus leaf extract was extracted using 96% ethanol solvent and then formulated into lotions with various different concentrations: F0 did not contain extract, F1 contained 2.5% extract, F2 contained 5% extract, and F3 contained 7.5% extract. Evaluation of the preparations was carried out through organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and skin irritation. The results of the physical evaluation showed that the lotion with red hibiscus leaf extract had a green to dark green color, a semi-solid or cream texture, pH 6, and the spreadability obtained ranged from 6.2 cm to 7 cm. Irritation tests conducted by several panelists showed that the lotion preparation was safe to use. From the research that has been conducted, it can be concluded that red hibiscus leaf extract (Hibiscus rosa sinensis L.) can be formulated into a lotion preparation.
Pengaruh Suhu dan Lama Penyimpanan terhadap Kadar Vitamin C Infused Water Jeruk Lemon (Citrus Limon)
Authors: Dewi Nofita  , Budi Setiawan
Published: February 2025

Lemon is a fruit rich in vitamin C. Processing lemon as lemon infused water is one way to get the optimal benefits from lemon. Lemon infused water is processed by soaking it in water for several hours. Temperature and storage time are thought to affect the vitamin C levels of lemon. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and storage time on the vitamin C levels of lemon infused water. This study used the lodimetry method with temperatures of 5°C, 10°C, 28℃C and storage times of 1,3,5 hours. Furthermore, the vitamin C levels of lemon infused water were analyzed. The results showed that temperature and storage time affected the vitamin C levels of lemon infused water (Citrus Limon). The higher the storage temperature of lemon infused water, the higher the vitamin C levels. The lower the storage temperature of lemon infused water, the lower the vitamin CC levels. The longer the storage, the lower the vitamin C levels of lemon infused water. Storage for 1 hour at a temperature of 28°C is the best time to obtain vitamin C levels. From the study, the vitamin C content of lemon infused water was 0.158% b/b.
Evaluation of intra-abdominal injuries in patients referred to the emergency department as a result of traffic accidents
Authors: Yılmaz Ahmet Münir , Kalıntaş Enes , Yılmaz Hatice Eylem Kömürcüler
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Traffic accidents are one of the most important reasons that increase the workload of emergency services all over the world. Especially in developing countries, this problem is difficult to solve due to rapid population growth.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the causes of mortality and morbidity, the organs affected by the injury, and the prognosis of the patients who are referred to the emergency department as a result of traffic accidents and underwent abdominal imaging.

DESIGN:

Retrospective, cross-sectional study

SETTING:

A state hospital in Turkey

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

1014 patients admitted to Gaziantep Abdulkadir Yüksel State Hospital between 15 July 2022 to 15 July 2023 due to traffic accidents and examined for abdominal trauma were retrospectively evaluated.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Evaluation of patients admitted due to traffic accidents and examined for abdominal trauma.

SAMPLE SIZE:

1014 patients

RESULTS:

The mean age of the patients was 25.88 years, 79.6% were male, 67.3% were admitted to the hospital by ambulance, 47.4% were admitted as a result of a vehicular traffic accident, 34.3% were admitted as a result of a non-vehicular traffic accident, 18.2% were admitted as a result of a motorcycle accident and 36.4% were drivers, 35.3% were pedestrians and 28.3% were passengers. Intra-abdominal organ injuries were detected in 3.2% of all patients, including urinary system in 1%, hepatobiliary system in 0.9% and spleen in 0.8%. It was determined that 13% of the patients had life-threatening injuries and 40.2% had injuries that could not be treated with simple medical intervention.

CONCLUSION:

It was determined that 21% of the patients admitted to the emergency department as a result of traffic accidents required hospitalization or resulted in death. Prevention of traffic accidents, which especially threaten the young population, is of great importance both in reducing the workload in the emergency department and in minimizing labor and financial losses.

LIMITATIONS:

Since the study was based on retrospective file review, files with missing information were not included in the study.
The association of metabolic positron emission tomography/computed tomography parameters with survival in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Türk Merve Ayık , Kömürcüoğlu Berna , Agüloğlu Nurşin , Çiftçi Tuğçe Doksöz , Fidan Mücahit , Çolak Sinan , Batum Özgür
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a lung malignancy with a poor prognosis and metastases at the time of diagnosis. There is limited experience using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for SCLC diagnosis, staging, and follow-up.

OBJECTIVE:

Investigate the survival effect of primary tumor standardized uptake value max (SUVmax), SUV mean, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glucose (TLG), bone marrow SUV (BM), and bone marrow to liver ratio (BLR) in SCLC.

DESIGN:

Retrospective

SETTING:

Single center in Turkey

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Patients who were cyto/histologically diagnosed with SCLC and had PET/CT simultaneous with the diagnosis were included in the study.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

The effect of PET/CT parameters on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

SAMPLE SIZE:

304

RESULTS:

The 5-year OS median value was 14.62 months, and the 5-year PFS was 13.01 months. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, SUVmax, MTV, and TLG were statistically significant variables in OS (
P
=.03;
P
<.001;
P
<.001, respectively). MTV and TLG were significant in PFS (
P
<.001;
P
=.0003, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, MTV was an independent PET/CT parameter associated with OS (
P
=.003), stage of disease (
P
=.012), SUVmax (
P
=.003), MTV (
P
=.016), and TLG (
P
=.005) were significant variables in PFS.

CONCLUSION:

In our study, MTV was an independent parameter that can be used to predict survival in SCLC. Considering the effect of MTV, a metabolic PET/CT parameter on survival, it can be recommended for clinical use as a standard measure of evaluation in PET/CT reports, just like SUVmax.

LIMITATIONS:

The first limitation was the single-center and retrospective design of the study. Due to the retrospective design of the study, weight loss, performance status, and smoking history could not be obtained from every patient. Second, inaccurate registration of PET and CT images due to patient respiratory movements may affect measurements.