bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adjusting anion–solvent dipole interactions in ether-based electrolytes for wide temperature range applications of sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Shen Yixing , Xu Jipeng , Li Yana , Zhao Shuzhi , Che Haiying , Maher Jabeen , Wang Xuan , Zhang Yunlong , Wu Jiafang , Li Jingkun , Lian Cheng , Ma Zi-Feng
Published: November 2024

Schematic diagram of the improvement mechanism of the electrostatic shielding effect and ion dipole effect on the SEI and CEI layer in the 1 M-BG2-LB electrolyte.
A life cycle assessment study of European Space Agency's space tracking terminal
Authors: Zabeo Alex , Molin Michele , Favretto Lorenzo , Pizzol Lisa , Roubert Marc , Renk Florian , Scanferla Petra , Semenzin Elena
Published: November 2024

The transition to a low-carbon and resource-efficient circular economy is a political pillar of the EU and a priority for space agencies.
Low‐temperature SOI SiGe/Si superlattice FinFET with omega‐shaped channel and self‐allied silicide for 3D sequential IC
Authors: Qin Xu‐Lei , Sang Guan‐Qiao , Cao Lei , Li Qing‐Kun , Jiang Ren‐Jie , Wei Yan‐Zhao , Li Jun‐Feng , Yao Jia‐Xin , Zhang Mei‐He , Zhang Qing‐Zhu , Yin Hua‐Xiang
Published: November 2024

In this letter, to improve the performance and reduce leakage currents of bulk low‐temperature multi‐layer SiGe/Si superlattice (SL) fin field‐effect transistors (FinFETs), a p‐type omega‐shaped channel (Ω‐channel) SL FinFET is realized by etching a Si/Si0.7Ge0.3 triple‐layer stacked structure in a replacement metal gate (RMG) module on a silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) substrate. In addition, a self‐allied Ni0.9Pt0.1 silicide process and a low‐thermal‐budget (≤400°C) integration procedure were performed on the Ω‐channel SL FinFET. Test results demonstrate that the on‐state current (Ion) is increased by 5.5 times (from 78 to 429 µA/µm) and the off‐state current (Ioff) is reduced by 78.8% (from 5.2 × 10−3 to 1.1 × 10−3 µA/µm) when compared with the corresponding currents of traditional bulk SL FinFETs.
Supporting and Inhibiting Factors in Implementing Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Policy in Indonesia
Authors: Sugiarto Puput , Purnami Cahya Tri , Jati Sutopo Patria
Published: November 2024

Health service facilities are obliged to provide quality services to patients. The increasingly rapid pace of information technology has influenced digital health services, one of which is through Electronic Medical Record (EMR) services. EMR, can improve the quality of health services for patients. The government issued a policy regarding medical records through the Indonesian Ministry of Health’s Regulation Number 24 of 2022 on Medical Records mandating that all health facilities implement EMR by December 2023. However, health facilities have not fully complied this policy. Based on the monitoring of the SATU SEHAT implementation, only 61.42% of health service facilities in Indonesia have adopted EMR due to several obstacles related to human resources, infrastructure, and management elements. This research aims to analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of the EMR policy in health service facilities in Indonesia. The research used a narrative review method by searching for articles using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, resulting in16 journals that were the required criteria. The analysis of these 16 articles show that, in general, health service facilities in Indonesia are ready to implement EMR. However, the implementation of the EMR policy faces inhibiting factors, such as unprepared IT infrastructure, lack of EMR implementation guidelines, and insufficient human resource training. Supporting factors include policies regulated by the Ministry of Health and government facilitation in implementing EMR. To achieve success in implementing the EMR policy, efforts are needed to improve IT infrastructure, improve the quality of EMR, develop strategies for EMR implementation, and provide continuous government assistance from the to health service facilities.
Performance, Information, and Data Security of the Public Health Center Management Information System in Indonesia
Authors: Alfiansyah Gamasiano , Wulandari Riska Agustin , Santi Maya Weka , Swari Selvia Juwita , Nikmah Faizatun
Published: November 2024

The Ajung Public Health Center has implemented the SIMPUS (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Puskesmas or Public Health Center Management Information System) since 2017 to serve outpatient, inpatient, and emergency department registrations. However, SIMPUS has never undergone an evaluation, leading to challenges in patient services. This research aimed to evaluate SIMPUS based on its performance, information accuracy, and security. The research employed a qualitative method, as well as observations and documentation. Data was analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that SIMPUS performance was insufficient, as it lacks essential features required by users. Additionally, SIMPUS produces inaccurate information and does not ensure adequate data security. Therefore, it is recommended that the health center develop SIMPUS by incorporating the necessary features and improving its security system.
Risk Factors for Pneumonia in Toddlers at a Regional General Hospital of Mappi Regency, South Papua Province
Authors: Sumariyah  , Sutiningsih Dwi , Adi Mateus Sakundarno
Published: November 2024

Mappi Regency of South Papua has a high prevalence of pneumonia, with 387 cases in 2022 and a death rate of 8. This study aims to prove the risk factors for pneumonia in young children in Mappi Regency. The research used a case-control design, involving 72 samples for a case group and control group, respectively. Variables studied include child factors (male gender, asthma history, history of other diseases or comorbidities, non-exclusive breastfeeding, poor nutritional status); mother factors (low education, lack of knowledge, not employment, and mother’s behavior of smoking and chewing areca nut); environmental factors (habitat density, presence of family members who smoke, family members with a history of pneumonia, use of mosquito coils, and use of wood fuel for cooked); and low family income factors. Data analysis was carried out using chi-square and double logistic regression tests with the help of SPSS 25. The results for the multivariate trial demonstrated that the history of asthma (OR = 20.303; 95% CI = 6.461-63.802), the comorbital history (OR = 4.687; 95% CI = 1.834-11.977), poor nutritional status (OR = 2.905; 95% CI = 1.166-7.240), and the use of cooking wood fuel (OR = 3.831; 95% CI = 1.452-10.108) were risk factors for lung infection in toddlers. A history of asthma was the most risky factor among others. Parents whose children have a history of asthma should recognize asthma triggers in their children such as exposure to cigarette smoke, cold air, and air pollution, and provide medication according to doctor’s recommendations, provide food intake with good nutrition, keep children away from the cooking area where they can inhale smoke from burning firewood used for cooking, and encourage children to get used to a healthy life by washing their hands to avoid cold, diarrhea or other diseases that can worsen their pneumonia.
Increasing the Coverage and Quality of Immunization Programs by Implementing Effective Vaccine Management (EVM) in Central Java
Authors: Handayani Novia , Sriatmi Ayun , Martini Martini , Kusumawati Aditya , Friska Erlin
Published: November 2024

Immunization programs are highly dependent on an effective and efficient supply chain system for storing, transporting, and distributing vaccines. This ensures that the right products are available in the right place, at the right time, and under the right conditions to provide efficient health services to the public. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Effective Vaccine Management (EVM) in Central Java and identify its obstacles. This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. A descriptive analysis of vaccine management was carried out in 35 regencies/cities in Central Java. The population comprised EVM programmers in Central Java selected using the total sampling technique. Data were collected using the World Health Organization (WHO) assessment tools and in-depth interviews with pharmacy departments or person in charge of immunization programs in each regency/city. The results showed that five of the 35 regencies/cities had an average score of 80% and above across nine assessment indicators, but no region met the WHO standards of 80% across all the criteria assessed. The overall EVM assessment revealed that 20% of the regencies/cities fell into the low category, 65.7% in the medium category, and 14.3% in the high category. Each region had different problems in fulfilling the nine criteria of EVM assessment, such as inadequate infrastructure, lack of periodic vaccine stock recording, absence of standard operating procedures, and insufficiently trained officers. Therefore, support is needed from the Central Java Provincial Government in providing support to the regions with regular monitoring and evaluation of the EVM implementation. Additionally, officers need to be trained regarding proper vaccine management.
Transformation of the model of the design scheme of the power system in the problem of ensuring balance reliability
Authors: Chukreyev Iurii
Published: November 2024

The paper deals with the issues reducing the number of territorial zones in the model calculation scheme UPS of Russia as applied to the problem of substantiating the required generating capacity (capacity reserve) under the conditions of ensuring normative indicators of balance reliability in accordance with the requirements of the new guidelines for design of power systems. On the example of the model UPS of Russia calculation scheme developed by SO UPS specialists, the possibilities of reducing the number of territorial zones to reasonable limits are shown.
Problems of fuel and energy complex management: Increasing vulnerability of intelligent elements of information and control systems to electromagnetic influences
Authors: Grabchak Evgeny , Grigoriev Vladimir , Loginov Evgeny
Published: November 2024

The problems of counteracting the risks of initiated loss of control in the fuel and energy supersystem are considered. The development of tools for monitoring and forecasting the state of technical elements of energy facilities as part of the fuel and energy supersystem, as well as systems for remote monitoring and control of the state of equipment is proposed.
Methodological Aspects of Reliability Assessment of Asynchronous Motors under Current Operation Conditions at Mineral Resources Enterprises
Authors: Romanova Victoria , Batukhtin Andrey , Khromov Sergey , Alzakkar Ahmad
Published: November 2024

At present, the focus is on solving the urgent problem of reliable performance of power system elements and ensuring their efficient operation during mining. A methodological approach is considered that allows assessing the reliability level of low-voltage asynchronous electric motors in a coal mine with difficult geological and climatic mining conditions. The object of the study is asynchronous electric motors used at one of the enterprises of Siberian Coal Energy Company (SUEK) in Trans-Baikal territory. The main tool for implementing the research objectives was program MATLAB/Simulink. The purpose of the article is to study the influence of external operational factors on the service life of an asynchronous electric motor with a squirrel-cage rotor. A comprehensive solution to issues aimed at maintaining the reliability level of asynchronous electric motors is one of the priority areas, mainly aimed at ensuring the effective functioning of a coal mining enterprise.
Low-frequency oscillations analysis and big data
Authors: Popov Aleksandr , Butin Kirill , Rodionov Andrey
Published: November 2024

The increased observability of processes in electric power systems, provided by the widespread introduction of synchrophasor measurement technology, as well as the use of computational processing of measurement data arrays, has led to changes in the methodology for analyzing the power system operating modes. Along with the development of new approaches to modeling processes and received measurement signals, a class of data-based methods has emerged. In a number of recent studies, the analysis of synchrophasor measurement data at the large power system scale is considered as a big data problem. Despite the controversial nature of this point of view, the application of some big data methods in synchrophasor data analysis yields positive results. In the proposed report, an assessment of the volumes of initial and intermediate data in the analysis of forced low-frequency oscillations is performed. The effect of data explosion at intermediate stages of calculations is shown. The storage and transmission of these data can be replaced by their calculation in the presence of a storable and transmittable configuration of a generalized computational scheme. A method for compact visualization of an array of oscillation dynamic parameters is shown by the example of dissipating energy. In addition, an approach is presented for configuring streams of synthetic test data at the power system scale, which provides a desired result in the analysis of dissipative energy.
Ensuring the reliability of energy systems through the application of a new method for introducing soil-replacement mixtures during the installation of deep grounding devices
Authors: Pavlovich Ivan , Baraishuk Siarhei , Murodov Muzaffar , Abdulkhayev Khurshed
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses a method for using mixtures to optimize the electrical parameters of grounding devices during the installation of vertical composite ground electrodes. The authors propose a design for the coupling and tip for vertical composite ground electrodes. Various techniques for artificially reducing the resistance of the grounding circuit are examined. Results from vertical electrode soundings of the soil at grounding locations are presented. The proposed method allows for the introduction of a mixture simultaneously with the vertical composite grounding electrode, including designs for the coupling, tip, and auxiliary device. Experimental studies of the proposed design have been conducted, and results measuring the resistance to current spread of such grounding devices are presented for both standard and proposed couplings.
Beyond Conservation: A Framework for Quantifying Urban Qualities in Historic City Centers
Authors: Abdelfattah Dalia , Alansary Sara , Ashour Shaimaa
Published: November 2024

What gives a place its unique character? What makes this place valuable to its community? Questions like these ultimately revolve around the practices that contribute to urban qualities. Historic city centers in MENA regions, despite their cultural significance, face challenges due to neglect, economic constraints, over-density, and inappropriate urban development. While conservation efforts have been extensive, they often overlook the urban qualities of these areas. This research aims to develop quantitative methods to assess the impact of conservation on urban qualities. By analyzing various conservation approaches and their effects on both physical (buildings, streets and other urban elements) and non-physical (comfort, safety, services) urban elements, the study seeks to identify key factors contributing to urban quality. Quantitative techniques will be employed to evaluate these factors, including aesthetics, sense of place, heritage, and social interaction. The research will ultimately propose a methodological framework for quantifying urban qualities in conserved historic areas, aiding in the evaluation and optimization of future conservation efforts.
Electrochemical storage systems: Safer and more sustainable batteries
Authors: Navarra Maria Assunta , Palluzzi Matteo , Tsurumaki Akiko , Brutti Sergio
Published: November 2024

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the predominant power source for portable electronic devices, and in recent years their use has extended to higherenergy and larger devices. However, to satisfy the stringent requirements of safety and energy density, further material advancements are required. Due to the inherent flammability of organic solvent-based liquid electrolytes and their instability against materials utilized in high-energy systems, a transition to alternative ionconductive media becomes urgent. In this paper, some possible solutions, shifting from molecular liquids to a class of materials based on ions, such as ionic liquids (ILs), and polymers, such as gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), will be briefly discussed. Moreover, innovative technologies, the so-called beyond-lithium batteries, will be presented, considering a more sustainable anode material based on calcium.
Progrès récents dans l’évaluation objective des boiteries équines à l’aide de capteurs inertiels
Authors: Keegan Kevin , Paindaveine Charlotte , Schramme Michael
Published: November 2024

L’évaluation d’une boiterie peut s’avérer compliquée. Pour obtenir un diagnostic correct de manière objective, l’utilisation des capteurs inertiels se montre très intéressante. En effet, ils permettent de détecter les asymétries des mouvements de la tête et du bassin et indiquent, par des calculs, quel membre est atteint et à quel degré. Grâce à ces données, les effets des anesthésies sémiologiques peuvent être calculés avec précision afin de savoir si une amélioration après anesthésie sémiologique est significative ou non. En conclusion, les capteurs inertiels ne laissent pas de place à la subjectivité et permettent d’obtenir des paramètres précis sur la boiterie (présence d’asymétrie de la locomotion au trot).
Squelette appendiculaire et axial du cheval, normal, anormal ou artéfact ? Le « quiz » radiographique
Authors: Ségard-Weisse Émilie , Thomas-Cancian Aurélie , Drumond Bianca , Schramme Michael
Published: November 2024

Lors d’un examen radiographique, la connaissance de l’anatomie, des variations normales et des artéfacts est essentielle pour éviter les erreurs d’interprétation. En effet, des variations normales ou des artéfacts peuvent parfois mimer des lésions et conduire à un diagnostic erroné. De nombreuses images de ce type sont retrouvées au niveau du squelette appendiculaire et axial du cheval. Le quiz radiographique présenté dans cet article a pour objectif de se familiariser avec quelques-unes de ces difficultés d’interprétation.
Medtech Branche. Zu Hause schwach, im Ausland leichtes Wachstum
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: November 2024

Der Heimatmarkt macht der Medizintechnikbranche zurzeit wenig Freude. Die Umsätze der Hersteller treten auf der Stelle, Sorgen vor den Folgen der anstehenden Krankenhausreform hemmen die Investitionsbereitschaft, die Konjunktur stockt und immer neue bürokratische Auflagen verschlingen Zeit und Geld.
Hightech Roboter: Das ganze Patientenzimmer keimfrei
Authors: Buske Sonja
Published: November 2024

In Krankenhäusern werden Böden und Flächen zunehmend von Robotern gereinigt und desinfiziert. Doch derzeit gibt es kein Modell, das auch Türklinken, Handläufe, Lichtschalter oder Tische säubern kann. Das Fraunhofer IPA hat nun einen Prototyp entwickelt, der diese Lücke füllt.
Notfallreformgesetz: Rettung für die Notaufnahmen in Sicht
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2024

Patienten soll im Akut- und Notfall schneller und passgenauer geholfen werden. Kernstück der im Juli beschlossenen Notfallreform sind die Akutleitstellen sowie die Integrierten Notfallzentren (INZ) an Krankenhäusern. Ein weiteres ambitioniertes Lauterbachsches Gesetz, das nicht unumstritten ist.
Generalistische Pflegeausbildung: Die neuen Alleskönner
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2024

Vor vier Jahren wurde die Pflegeausbildung völlig umgekrempelt, damit sie auch international anschlussfähig ist und sich an den neuen Anforderungen orientiert. Kommt die neue Ausbildung an und wie kann man die „Rookies“ bestmöglich onboarden?
A decadal review of organizational identification: insights from bibliometric analysis and content analysis
Authors: S Divya , Christopher B. Prabu
Published: November 2024

In the face of global competition, it is imperative to conduct research on organizational identification in order to maximize employee commitment and organizational loyalty. Understanding how employees identify with their organizations can lead to improved productivity and retention rates. Organizational identification (OI) refers to an individual’s cognitive and affective connection to an organization. It exerts a significant impact on employee attitudes, behaviors, and job performance. It indicates an employee’s emotional bond, connectivity, and recognition with their company. This study aims to examine the impact of OI using bibliometric analysis and a literature review. Despite the topic’s wide use and coverage, the literature lacks quantitative data for bibliographic element analysis, making this study unique. This research fills that knowledge gap. We selected 227 research publications from the ABDC’s 2022 Quality Journals list, with A*, A, and B category journals for 2013 and 2022. The research methodologies employed encompassed trend analysis, scientific mapping, bibliographic coupling, co-occurrence analysis, and so on. Also, this study provides in-depth thematic analysis, content analysis, and a theoretical framework that contributes to the originality of the research. Our research findings offer bibliographic insights that enhance the study of literature. The study found that top journals are more interested in this topic. “Journal of Business Ethics” is very productive, whereas “Academy of Management Journal” holds the most influence. The study also highlights research gaps through quantitative and qualitative research. The study concluded by proposing further investigation and examining the consequences of its findings.
Chaotic dynamics and optimal therapeutic strategies for Caputo fractional tumor immune model in combination therapy
Authors: Li Jia , Tan Xuewen , Wu Wanqin , Liu Xinzhi
Published: November 2024

In this paper, a Caputo fractional tumor immune model of combination therapy is established. First, the stability and biological significance of each equilibrium point are analyzed, and it is demonstrated that chaos may arise under specific conditions. Combined with the mathematical definition of Caputo fractional differentiation (CFD), it is found that there is a high correlation between the chaotic phenomenon of the patient’s condition and the sensitivity of the patient to the change in the state of the day. The bifurcation threshold of each parameter is determined through numerical simulation, and the Hopf bifurcation of direct competition coefficient and inhibition coefficient between tumor cells and host healthy cells is elaborated upon in detail. Subsequently, a novel method combining optimal control theory with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed for the optimal control of the tumor immune model in combination therapy. Finally, the Adams–Bashforth–Moulton (ABM) prediction correction method is utilized in numerical simulations which demonstrate that the introduction of the CFD alters the model dynamics. Furthermore, these results indicate that fractional calculus can effectively be applied to tumor immune models better to elucidate complex chaotic dynamics of tumor cell evolution. Concurrently, the PSO can be successfully integrated with optimal control theory to address optimization challenges in cancer treatment.
Asymptotic integrability of nonlinear wave equations
Authors: Kamchatnov A. M.
Published: November 2024

We introduce the notion of asymptotic integrability into the theory of nonlinear wave equations. It means that the Hamiltonian structure of equations describing propagation of high-frequency wave packets is preserved by hydrodynamic evolution of the large-scale background wave so that these equations have an additional integral of motion. This condition is expressed mathematically as a system of equations for the carrier wave number as a function of the background variables. We show that a solution of this system for a given dispersion relation of linear waves is related to the quasiclassical limit of the Lax pair for the completely integrable equation having the corresponding dispersionless and linear dispersive behavior. We illustrate the theory with several examples.
Device physics of perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Sun Yuqi , Chen Si , Huang Jun-Yu , Wu Yuh-Renn , Greenham Neil C.
Published: November 2024

Perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as a potential solution-processible technology that can offer efficient light emission with high color purity. Here, we explore the device physics of perovskite LEDs using simple analytical and drift-diffusion modeling, aiming to understand how the distribution of electric field, carrier densities, and recombination in these devices differs from those assumed in other technologies such as organic LEDs. High barriers to electron and hole extraction are responsible for the efficient recombination and lead to sharp build-up of electrons and holes close to the electron- and hole-blocking barriers, respectively. Despite the strongly varying carrier distributions, bimolecular recombination is surprisingly uniform throughout the device thickness, consistent with the assumption typically made in optical models. The current density is largely determined by injection from the metal electrodes, with a balance of electron and hole injection maintained by redistribution of electric field within the device by build-up of space charge.
Two-parameter dynamics and multistability of a non-smooth railway wheelset system with dry friction damping
Authors: Miao Pengcheng , Li Denghui , Yue Yuan
Published: November 2024

A deep understanding of non-smooth dynamics of vehicle systems, particularly with dry friction damping offer valuable insights into the design and optimization of railway vehicle systems, ultimately enhancing the safety and reliability of railway operations. In this paper, the two-parameter dynamics of a non-smooth railway wheelset system incorporating dry friction damping are investigated. The effect of the crucial parameters on the complexity of the evolution process is comprehensively exposed by identifying different dynamic responses in the two-parameter plane. In addition, the multistability and the various routes transition to chaos for the system are also discussed. It is found that dry friction induces highly complex dynamics in the system, encompassing a range of behaviors such as periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic motions. These intricate dynamics are a direct result of the interplay between multiple parameters, such as speed and damping coefficients, which are critical in determining the system’s stability and performance. The presence of multistability further complicates the system, resulting in unpredictable transitions between different motion states.
13 μm emission InAs/AlSb quantum cascade lasers with high slope efficiency and peak output power enabled by diagonal transition design
Authors: Sun Rui-Xuan , Liu Shu-Man , Song Zhe-Yu , Zhang Jin-Chuan , Zhuo Ning , Liu Jun-Qi , Wang Li-Jun , Zhai Shenqiang , Cheng Feng-Min , Liu Feng-Qi
Published: November 2024

Long wavelength InAs/AlSb quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) emitting at 13 μm, based on a diagonal transition scheme design through band structure engineering, have been grown and fabricated. This band structure engineering focuses on enhancing transition efficiency and suppressing carrier leakage. Our 3-mm-long, 25-μm-wide InAs/AlSb QCL has achieved a slope efficiency of 210 mW/A and a maximum peak power of 515 mW, despite encountering a substantial waveguide loss of 27 cm−1 and a relatively high threshold of 4.8 kA/cm2, due to the elevated residual doping level. Our InAs/AlSb QCL devices have demonstrated record-breaking performance in terms of slope efficiency, maximum peak power, and injection efficiency. Cavity length analysis suggests that reducing the residual doping by half could pave the way for achieving continuous wave output power in the realm of hundreds of milliwatts at room temperature for our designed 13 μm QCLs.
Plasma progesterone profiles in ewes using different injectable progesterone formulations
Authors: Santos Vanessa Costa , Santos Juliana Dantas Rodrigues , Balaro Mário Felipe Alvarez , Pinto Pedro Henrique Nicolau , Ramalho Nadiala Porto , Cunha Caio Cezar de Carvalho , da Silva Sandra Ribeiro , Menchaca Alejo , Ungerfeld Rodolfo , Brandão Felipe Zandonadi
Published: November 2024

Context The use of progesterone vaginal implants in sheep is frequently associated with vaginitis and adherences; and can hamper fertility in estrus synchronization programs. Aims The aim of this study was to characterize the plasma hormone profile induced by two injectable progesterone (iP4) formulations in ewes. Methods In Experiment 1, ewes received 20 or 40 mg of an iP4, with a third group as a control. In Experiment 2, 75 or 150 mg of a long-acting iP4 were administered, again with a control group. Key results In Experiment 1, progesterone concentrations remained at luteal levels for less than 24 h. The intervals from iP4 treatment to the onset of estrus and ovulation were greater in treated than in control ewes (P < 0.01). The proportion of ewes that ovulated within 8 days after treatment was lower in ewes that received 40 mg iP4 than in control ewes (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, mean progesterone concentrations remained at luteal levels for 120 h. The interval from iP4 administration to estrus was longer in 150 mg treated ewes than in control ewes (P < 0.01). The interval from treatment to ovulation was longer in ewes treated with 150 mg than 75 mg and control ewes (P < 0.05). The proportion of ewes that ovulated was lower at 150 mg (P < 0.05). Conclusions The iP4 formula used in Experiment 1 could not maintain luteal levels for more than 24 h. The use of long-acting iP4 maintained plasma progesterone concentrations above luteal levels for at least 5 days. The long-acting treatment can therefore be tested for estrous synchronization treatments. Implications The long-acting progesterone may be an alternative to short estrous synchronization protocols.
The impact of irrigation duration on crop N uptake, lint yield and internal NUE in cotton using standard urea
Authors: Smith John , Fukai Shu , Bell Michael
Published: November 2024

Context This is the first research to investigate the impact of irrigation duration on crop productivity and nitrogen (N) performance indicators in southern New South Wales (SNSW), Australia, as the industry strives for improved N productivity. Aim To benchmark the impact of different irrigation durations on waterlogging and related impacts on available soil and fertiliser N, cotton productivity and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Methods Two field experiments were conducted in SNSW where cotton was grown with varying rates of fertiliser N application interacting with different durations of furrow irrigation applications during the period from first flower to crop maturity. Key results Waterlogged conditions occurred within the top 20 cm of the soil profile during irrigations. These conditions coincided with fertiliser placement and high concentrations of available mineral N, which created conditions conducive for N loss. However, the internal NUE (kg lint kg crop N uptake−1) and N balance were not impacted by irrigation duration in either experiment, despite differences in duration of waterlogged conditions that averaged 15 h irrigation−1. Partial N budgets suggested that 48% of the available N to the crop could not be found in the plant or soil mineral N pools after harvest. Conclusion Modification of the duration of irrigation applications was not an effective management option to improve NUE in irrigated cotton; however, it improved water productivity (bales per megalitre). Implications Further research is required to consider the implications of other irrigation systems such as overhead sprinkler and drip systems for improvement of NUE.
Conversion of 30 W laser light at 1064 nm to 20 W at 2128 nm and comparison of relative power noise
Authors: Gurs Julian , Bode Nina , Darsow-Fromm Christian , Vahlbruch Henning , Gewecke Pascal , Steinlechner Sebastian , Willke Benno , Schnabel Roman
Published: November 2024

All current gravitational wave (GW) observatories operate with Nd:YAG lasers with a wavelength of 1064 nm. The sensitivity of future GW observatories could benefit significantly from changing the laser wavelength to approximately 2 µm combined with exchanging the current room temperature test mass mirrors with cryogenically cooled crystalline silicon test masses with mirror coatings from amorphous silicon and amorphous silicon nitride layers. Laser light of the order of ten watts with a low relative power noise (RPN) would be required. Here we use a laboratory-built degenerate optical parametric oscillator to convert the light from a high-power Nd:YAG laser to 2128 nm. With an input power of 30 W, we achieve an output power of 20 W, which corresponds to an external conversion efficiency of approximately 67%. We find that the RPN spectrum marginally increases during the wavelength conversion process. Our result is an important step in the development of low-noise light around 2 µm based on existing low-noise Nd:YAG lasers.
Some educational uses of EDXRF for technologists in health science
Authors: Pilakouta M , Trapali M , Kallithrakas-Kontos N
Published: November 2024

Physicists teach physics to students of various academic disciplines such as physics, chemistry, health sciences, biology, geology, environmental sciences, etc. Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) is a case of application of atomic physics in the real world. Students, through applications of EDXRF, may find out how the basic concepts of atomic physics can be used for elemental analysis of samples of their scientific interest and everyday life. This paper presents some educational implementations of EDXRF and highlights the importance of incorporating this spectroscopic method in undergraduate or postgraduate labs or lectures in the field of health sciences. Five experimental activities, a general one for understanding x-ray spectra and the others for the analysis of substances/materials related to chemistry/toxicology, dentistry, optics, and cosmetics, are presented and discussed.
Contrastive learning-enabled digital twin framework for fault diagnosis of rolling bearing
Authors: Zhang Yongchao , Zhou Xin , Gao Cheng , Lin Jiadai , Ren Zhaohui , Feng Ke
Published: November 2024

Rolling bearings are essential components in various industrial machines, and their failures can lead to significant downtime and maintenance costs. Traditional data-driven fault diagnosis methods often require extensive fault datasets for training, which may not always be available in critical industrial scenarios, limiting their practicality. Digital twins, virtual representations of physical entities reflecting their operational conditions, offer a promising solution for the fault diagnosis of rolling bearings with limited fault data. In this paper, we propose a novel digital twin-driven framework to address the challenge of limited training data in rolling bearing fault diagnosis. Firstly, a virtual bearing simulation model is used to generate the simulated data. Subsequently, a transformer-based network is introduced to learn the discrepancy features from the raw data. Then, a maximum mean discrepancy loss and a supervised contrastive learning loss for raw and augmentation data are established to achieve global domain alignment and instance-based domain alignment. Finally, an unsupervised contrastive learning loss for the augmentation data of the target domain is established to further improve the diagnostic performance. In five cross-domain fault diagnosis tasks representing real industrial scenarios set, the average diagnostic accuracy of the proposed method is 84.39%, which is more than 10% higher than the two existing advanced domain adaptation methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high diagnostic performance in real industrial scenarios where labeled data is lacking. This shows its significant benefits for monitoring the condition of critical bearings.
Losengram: an effective demodulation frequency band selection method for rolling bearing fault diagnosis under complex interferences
Authors: Zheng Feng , Wang Yanxue , Chen Zhigang , Chen Yang , Wang Yiyan
Published: November 2024

Resonance demodulation is one of the most effective methods for rolling bearing fault diagnosis. However, the selection of the proper demodulation frequency band (DFB) has always been considered as a substantial challenge. Although many popular DFB selection methods have been developed, such as fast Kurtogram (FK), Protrugram, and Autogram, they would suffer unsatisfactory performance degradation when encountering random impulsive noise or cyclostationary noise. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel DFB selection method called Losengram to address this problem. In the proposed method, a robust sub-band indicator, localized square envelope spectrum kurtosis, is designed to evaluate the fault information in a sub-band. With this indicator, the interferences of random impulsive noise and cyclostationary noise could be suppressed well. Besides, in order to circumvent the various adverse effects incurred by the utilization of a multi-rate finite impulse response filter bank, a frequency-domain sub-band filtering strategy is presented to filter the divided sub-bands in a 1/3-binary tree structure. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on both simulated and experimental signals, and the results show that it has a superior performance than the FK, Protrugram, as well as Autogram.
Interhemispheric asynchrony of NREM EEG at the beginning and end of sleep describes evening vigilance performance in patients undergoing diagnostic polysomnography
Authors: McCloy Karen , Duce Brett , Dissanayaka Nadeeka , Hukins Craig , Abeyratne Udantha
Published: November 2024

Objective. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with deficits in vigilance. This work explored the temporal patterns of OSA-related events during sleep and vigilance levels measured by the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) in patients undergoing polysomnography (PSG) for suspected OSA. Approach. The PVT was conducted prior to in-laboratory PSG for 80 patients suspected of having OSA. Three groups were formed based on PVT-RT-outcomes and participants were randomly allocated into Training (n = 55) and Test (n = 25) samples. Sleep epochs of non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) electroencephalographic (EEG) asynchrony data, and REM and NREM data for respiratory, arousal, limb movement and desaturation events were analysed. The data were segmented by sleep stage, by sleep blocks (SB) of stable Stage N2, Stage N3, mixed-stage NREM sleep (NXL), and, by Time of Night (TN) across sleep. Models associating this data with PVT groups were developed and tested. Main Results.
A model using NREM EEG asynchrony data segmented by SB and TN achieved 81.9% accuracy in the Test Cohort. Models based on interhemispheric asynchrony SB data and OSA data segmented by TN achieved 80.6% and 79.5% respectively. Significance. Novel data segmentation methods via blocks of NXL and TN have improved our understanding of the relationship between sleep, OSA and vigilance.
Improving flexible actuating behaviors of gel-based artificial muscles through chamomile polysaccharide crosslinking
Authors: Yang Junjie , Yu Tao , Yao Jintong , Wei Kang , Fang Mingjian , Jiang Zhen , Sha Tong
Published: November 2024

The flexible actuating behaviors of gel-based artificial muscles (GBAMs) are contingent upon the properties of their hydrogel actuating membranes. While the current preparation system for these membranes is deemed flawless, the electromechanical characteristics are constrained by the inherent properties of the material. The majority of raw materials used in this process are chemically synthesized; however, Chinese herbal polysaccharides offer a convenient, environmentally friendly, and non-toxic alternative, making them a prime candidate for actuating membrane preparation. The biological activities of chamomile polysaccharide (CP) include anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, sugar-lowering, and OH− clearance properties. Therefore, the actuating membrane of GBAM was prepared by crosslinking sodium alginate (SA) with CP. The findings indicated that at a crosslinking ratio of 4:5 for CP-SA, the electrically actuated force density and response speed reached 20.12 mN g−1 and 0.09 mN (g·s)−1, respectively. Additionally, the working life extended to 781 s, tremor frequency decreased by 47.67%, and tremor amplitude was 19.55% of the control group. The elastic modulus was measured at 15.44 MPa, specific capacitance reached 183.99 mF g−1, and internal resistance decreased by 13.44%. Charge and discharge time was 5.73 s, maximum energy reached 2.7 J, and specific energy was 12.66 A·J g−1, representing increases of 2.3 s, 64.63%, and 6.47 A·J g−1 compared to the control group. The deflection displacement of 6.62 mm in the CP-SA group at a crosslinking ratio of 4:5 was found to be 3.06 times greater than that of the control group. In conclusion, the actuating membrane of GBAM, synthesized through the cross-linking of CP with SA at a specific ratio, demonstrated superior properties. This innovation offers a novel perspective and direction for the advancement of GBAMs and is anticipated to significantly contribute to future developments in related fields.
Detection of hidden drawings using multi-wavelength dynamic speckle, tuneable algorithms, and unsupervised learning
Authors: Buffarini Leandro , Grumel E E , Tebaldi Myrian C
Published: November 2024

We implemented an experiment to reveal hidden drawings on papyrus, utilizing an optical technique based on the speckle phenomenon. The goal is to optimize the detection of hidden objects. Our approach proposes using multiple wavelengths for illumination and tuneable algorithms to process the dynamic speckle images. By implementing the suggested method, we generated various results with varying quality, contingent upon the tuneable algorithm parameters. It is feasible to identify the optimal parameter combination to achieve the most effective visualization of the recovered image. To streamline the selection of tuneable algorithms and mitigate reliance on subjective visual judgment, we employed unsupervised machine learning techniques to determine the conditions necessary to achieve optimal results. This approach simplifies the selection procedure and offers an objective and non-invasive method. Furthermore, the proposed procedure holds promise for extending its application to uncover hidden paintings, subsurface archaeological artefacts, and other dynamic speckle experiments.
Synergistic effect of CdS/GO nanocomposite for enhanced electrochemical performance in symmetric supercapacitor
Authors: Ferdous Tabassum , Sajjad Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Yaqoob , Ullah Inam , Firdous Samreena , Khan Muhammad Shahid , Ullah Nasim , Zaman Abid
Published: November 2024

Metal sulfides and graphene oxide nanocomposites have recently has garnered considerable attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage devices. In this study, we synthesized a cadmium sulfide/graphene oxide (CdS/GO) nanocomposite using different contents of graphene oxide (0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 g) with fixed concentartion of CdS (0.3 g) via Solid-State Reaction (SSR) method. CdS/GO composite were subsequently investigated to be used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Notably, the optimized electrode CdS/GO-0.04 electrode demonstrated superior capacitive performance compare to individual CdS and their composites with GO. In a symmetric supercapacitor configuration, the CdS/GO-0.04 cathode demonstrated a specific capacitance of 211.5 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1.5 A g−1 and maintained 93% of its capacitance after 1,000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1, indicating excellent cycling stability. The significantly improved capacitive performance of CdS/GO-0.04 can be primarily attributed to the synergistic interaction between CdS and GO particles, enhanced conductivity, and the relatively larger surface area of the composites. These findings suggest that CdS/GO nanocomposites hold great promise as electrode materials for high-performance energy storage applications.
Coupling coordination mechanism between ecological protection and high quality development in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Zhang Hui
Published: November 2024

In the issue of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, this study deeply discusses the influencing factors of the coupling and coordination level between the two systems by calculating the ecological environment protection and high-quality development, as well as the ecological protection evaluation index system, and using spatial econometric models. The results showed that the average value of the comprehensive evaluation index for ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin grew from 0.253 to 0.351 (2014–2023), and the overall coupling coordination degree was in the range of 0.496 to 0.582. This indicated that the country’s emphasis on protecting the Yellow River ecosystem and the implementation of its policies had achieved significant results, and the overall environmental condition of the system had been significantly improved. At the same time, the comprehensive evaluation index for high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin also showed a fluctuating upward tendency, indicating the mutual connection between economic development and ecological environment protection. Tests had shown that the use of oil and water resources had a negative impact on the system degree of coupling and coordination, while other factors had a positive impact. This study provides useful references for environmental protection and sustainable development, and provides guidance for policymakers to achieve ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.
Quantifying risk of a noise-induced AMOC collapse from northern and tropical Atlantic Ocean variability
Authors: Chapman R R , Ashwin P , Baker J , Wood R A
Published: November 2024

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) exerts a major influence on global climate. There is much debate about whether the current strong AMOC may collapse as a result of anthropogenic forcing and/or internal variability. Increasing the noise in simple salt-advection models can change the apparent AMOC tipping threshold. However, it’s not clear if ‘present-day’ variability is strong enough to induce a collapse. Here, we investigate how internal variability affects the likelihood of AMOC collapse. We examine the internal variability of basin-scale salinities and temperatures in four CMIP6 pre-industrial simulations. We fit this to an empirical, process-based AMOC box model, and find that noise-induced AMOC collapse (defined as a decade in which the mean AMOC strength falls below 5 Sv) is unlikely, however, if the AMOC is pushed closer to a bifurcation point due to external climate forcing, noise-induced tipping becomes more likely. Surprisingly, we find a case where forcing temporarily overshoots a stability threshold but noise decreases the probability of collapse. Accurately modelling internal decadal variability is essential for understanding the increased uncertainty in AMOC projections.