bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mirror-image T7 transcription of chirally inverted ribosomal and functional RNAs
Authors: Xu Yuan , Zhu Ting F.
Published: October 2022

To synthesize a chirally inverted ribosome with the goal of building mirror-image biology systems requires the preparation of kilobase-long mirror-image ribosomal RNAs that make up the structural and catalytic core and about two-thirds of the molecular mass of the mirror-image ribosome. Here, we chemically synthesized a 100-kilodalton mirror-image T7 RNA polymerase, which enabled efficient and faithful transcription of the full-length mirror-image 5
S
, 16
S
, and 23
S
ribosomal RNAs from enzymatically assembled long mirror-image genes. We further exploited the versatile mirror-image T7 transcription system for practical applications such as biostable mirror-image riboswitch sensor, long-term storage of unprotected kilobase-long
l
-RNA in water, and
l
-ribozyme–catalyzed
l
-RNA polymerization to serve as a model system for basic RNA research.
Design of fast-onset antidepressant by dissociating SERT from nNOS in the DRN
Authors: Sun Nan , Qin Ya-Juan , Xu Chu , Xia Tian , Du Zi-Wei , Zheng Li-Ping , Li An-an , Meng Fan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Jing , Liu Xiao , Li Ting-You , Zhu Dong-Ya , Zhou Qi-Gang
Published: October 2022

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental disorders. We designed a fast-onset antidepressant that works by disrupting the interaction between the serotonin transporter (SERT) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS) selectively increased the SERT-nNOS complex in the DRN in mice. Augmentation of SERT-nNOS interactions in the DRN caused a depression-like phenotype and accounted for the CMS-induced depressive behaviors. Disrupting the SERT-nNOS interaction produced a fast-onset antidepressant effect by enhancing serotonin signaling in forebrain circuits. We discovered a small-molecule compound, ZZL-7, that elicited an antidepressant effect 2 hours after treatment without undesirable side effects. This compound, or analogous reagents, may serve as a new, rapidly acting treatment for MDD.
Tracing Carbon Metabolism with Stable Isotope Metabolomics Reveals the Legacy of Diverse Carbon Sources in Soil
Authors: Wilhelm Roland C. , Barnett Samuel E. , Swenson Tami L. , Youngblut Nicholas D. , Koechli Chantal N. , Bowen Benjamin P. , Northen Trent R. , Buckley Daniel H.
Published: October 2022

Carbon metabolism in soil remains poorly described due to the inherent difficulty of obtaining information on the microbial metabolites produced by complex soil communities. Our study demonstrates the use of stable isotope probing (SIP) to study carbon metabolism in soil by tracking
13
C from supplied carbon sources into metabolite pools and biomass.
Dynamic Changes in Biofilm Structures under Dynamic Flow Conditions
Authors: Wang Shuai , Zhu Huiyan , Zheng Gexi , Dong Feng , Liu Chongxuan
Published: October 2022

Detachment is an important process determining the structure and function of bacterial biofilm, which has significant implications for biogeochemical cycling of elements, biofilm application, and infection control in clinical settings. Quantifying the responses of biofilm structure to hydrodynamics is crucial for understanding biofilm detachment mechanisms in aquatic environments.
Evolutionary Analysis of Placental Orthologues Reveals Two Ancient DNA Virus Integrations
Authors: Nino Barreat Jose Gabriel , Katzourakis Aris
Published: October 2022

The genomes of vertebrates preserve a large diversity of endogenous viral elements (remnants of ancient viruses that accumulate in host genomes over evolutionary time). Although retroviruses account for the vast majority of these elements, diverse DNA viruses have also been found and novel lineages are being described.
Porcine Circovirus 2 Activates the PERK-Reactive Oxygen Species Axis To Induce p53 Phosphorylation with Subsequent Cell Cycle Arrest at S Phase in Favor of Its Replication
Authors: Deng Zhuofan , Sun Renjie , Han Xiao , Zhang Yikai , Zhou Yingshan , Shan Ying , Xu Jidong , Li Xiaoliang , He Fang , Fang Weihuan
Published: October 2022

Coinfections or noninfectious triggers have long been considered to potentiate PCV2 infection, leading to manifestation of PCVAD. The triggering mechanisms remain largely unknown.
FtsK, a DNA Motor Protein, Coordinates the Genome Segregation and Early Cell Division Processes in Deinococcus radiodurans
Authors: Mishra Shruti , Misra Hari S. , Kota Swathi
Published: October 2022

Deinococcus radiodurans
show extraordinary resistance to gamma radiation. It is polyploid and harbors a multipartite genome comprised of 2 chromosomes and 2 plasmids, packaged in a doughnut-shaped toroidal nucleoid.
Complex Genomic Rearrangements following Selection in a Glutamine-Limited Medium over Hundreds of Generations
Authors: Spealman Pieter , Avecilla Grace , Matthews Julia , Suresh Ina , Gresham David
Published: October 2022

Large-scale genomic changes, including copy number variations (CNVs), are frequently observed in long-term evolution experiments (LTEEs). We have previously reported the detection of recurrent CNVs in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
populations adapting to glutamine-limited conditions over hundreds of generations. Here, we present the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) assemblies of 7 LTEE strains and their ancestor.
An Important Role of the Type VI Secretion System of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Regulated by Dnr in Response to Anaerobic Environments
Authors: Dang Jing , Wang Tietao , Wen Jing , Liang Haihua
Published: October 2022

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) plays an important role in bacterial competition by mediating the transport of active metal ions.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
carries three distinct T6SS loci (H1-, H2-, and H3-T6SS). The H2-T6SS promotes the secretion of the molybdate-binding protein ModA for the acquisition of molybdenum ions to adapt to anaerobic survival.
Rifted margin with localized detachment and polyphase magmatism: A new model of the northern South China Sea
Authors: Hao Shihao , Mei Lianfu , Pang Xiong , Gernigon Laurent , Paton Douglas , Zheng Jinyun , Ye Qing , Zhou Zhichao , Zhong Ye
Published: October 2022

Continental passive margins are commonly classified into volcanic (or magma-rich) and non-volcanic (or magma-poor) types based on the magmatic budget. It is difficult, however, to use either of these models to define the northern margin of the South China Sea (SCS). Based on 2-D/3-D time/depth-migrated seismic data and borehole data from the Pearl River Mouth Basin in the northern SCS, we examine the detachment fault systems and syn-rift magmatism in the Baiyun and Liwan Sags. The detachment fault systems and related tilted blocks of the northern SCS established in the Baiyun and Liwan Sags in previous studies may be mainly constrained to the Baiyun Sag. The Liwan Sag, however, acts as a “sag-type” basin accompanied by magmatic domes. Radiometric age of igneous samples from wells, coupled with multi-horizon onlapping terminations within syn-rift layers, reveal four-phase rift-related magmatism in the northern SCS. The crustal thinning in the Baiyun Sag is controlled by a detachment fault, but in the Liwan Sag, it is mainly controlled by a preferential thinning of the lower crust. High thermal conditions and intense syn-rift magmatism weakened the lower crust, which contributes to the depth-dependent thinning in the Liwan Sag.
Quantitative and geomorphologic parameterization of megaclasts within mass-transport complexes, offshore Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
Authors: Li Wei , Li Yan , Omosanya Kamaldeen O.L , Alves Tiago M. , Jing Song , Wang Xiujuan , Wu Nan , Zhan Wenhuan
Published: October 2022

Mass-transport complexes (MTCs) in sedimentary basins reflect the gravitational transport of sediments from the shelf edge to the abyssal plain. Megaclasts, large sedimentary blocks of hundreds of meters long within MTCs, can record kinematic and sedimentary information deemed essential to understanding source-to-sink systems. Yet, deformation structures in such megaclasts remain poorly understood. This study uses high-quality, three-dimensional (3-D) seismic reflection data from the deep-water Taranaki Basin offshore New Zealand to analyze the morphological character of 123 megaclasts and propose a new classification scheme based on their morphometric properties. The megaclasts are up to 400 m tall, 1900 m long, and 1200 m wide. In the study area, they are high- to moderate-amplitude features owing to their different lithologies and continuous-to-contorted seismic facies. The megaclasts can be classified as undeformed, rotated, deformed, and highly deformed based on their internal deformational styles. Two different kinds of morphological depressions observed on their basal shear zones further indicate whether the megaclasts are transported or formed in situ. Our study demonstrates that quantitative parameterization of the megaclasts provides important information about their deformational processes and a more complete understanding of megaclast emplacement along continental margins.
First Experience of Keeping Pogonophorans (Annelida: Siboglinidae) in Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Prudkovsky A. A. , Karaseva N. P. , Rimskaya-Korsakova M. N. , Pimenov T. P. , Rimskaya-Korsakova N. N. , Malakhov V. V.
Published: October 2022

The article describes the parameters of maintaining the gutless symbiotrophic annelid Siboglinum fiordicum in laboratory conditions outside the marine environment for 64 days.
Association between regular physical activity and the protective effect of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in a South African case–control study
Authors: Collie Shirley , Saggers Robin Terence , Bandini Rossella , Steenkamp Lizelle , Champion Jared , Gray Glenda , Bekker Linda-Gail , Goga Ameena , Garrett Nigel , Patricios Jon
Published: October 2022

Background

Both vaccination and physical activity have been shown to independently decrease the likelihood of severe COVID-19 infection.

Objective

To assess the association between regular physical activity and vaccination against COVID-19 among healthcare workers.

Methods

A test negative case–control study design was used to estimate the risk of having an associated COVID-19-related hospital admission, among individuals who were unvaccinated compared with those who were fully vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S (>28 days after a single dose). 196 444 participant tests were stratified into three measured physical activity subgroups with low, moderate and high activity, to test the hypothesis that physical activity is an effect modifier on the relationship between vaccination and hospitalisation.

Results

Vaccine effectiveness against a COVID-19-related admission among vaccinated individuals within the low activity group was 60.0% (95% CI 39.0 to 73.8), 72.1% (95% CI 55.2 to 82.6) for the moderate activity group, and 85.8% (95% CI 74.1 to 92.2) for the high activity group. Compared with individuals with low activity levels, vaccinated individuals with moderate and high activity levels had a 1.4 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.51) and 2.8 (95% CI 2.35 to 3.35) times lower risk of COVID-19 admission, respectively (p value <0.001 for both groups).

Conclusions

Regular physical activity was associated with improved vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalisation, with higher levels of physical activity associated with greater vaccine effectiveness. Physical activity enhances vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 outcomes and should be encouraged by greater public health messaging.
Pirfenidone for the prevention of radiation-induced lung injury in patients with locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chen Cheng , Zeng Bangwei , Xue Dan , Cao Rongxiang , Liao Siqin , Yang Yong , Li Zhihua , Kang Mingqiang , Chen Chun , Xu Benhua
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is one of the most clinically-challenging toxicities and dose-limiting factors during and/or after thoracic radiation therapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). With limited effective protective drugs against RILI, the main strategy to reduce the injury is strict adherence to dose-volume restrictions of normal lungs. RILI can manifest as acute radiation pneumonitis with cellular injury, cytokine release and cytokine recruitment to inflammatory infiltrate, and subsequent chronic radiation pulmonary fibrosis. Pirfenidone inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines, scavenges-free radicals and reduces hydroxyproline and collagen formation. Hence, pirfenidone might be a promising drug for RILI prevention. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone in preventing RILI in patients with locally advanced ESCC receiving chemoradiotherapy.

Methods and analysis

This study is designed as a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, single-centre phase 2 trial and will explore whether the addition of pirfenidone during concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) could prevent RILI in patients with locally advanced ESCC unsuitable for surgery. Eligible participants will be randomised at 1:1 to pirfenidone and placebo groups. The primary endpoint is the incidence of grade >2 RILI. Secondary endpoints include the incidence of any grade other than grade >2 RILI, time to RILI occurrence, changes in pulmonary function after CCRT, completion rate of CCRT, disease-free survival and overall survival. The follow-up period will be 1 year. In case the results meet the primary endpoint of this trial, a phase 3 multicentre trial with a larger sample size will be required to substantiate the evidence of the benefit of pirfenidone in RILI prevention.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fujian Union Hospital (No. 2021YF001-02). The findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, and national and international conference presentations.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2100043032.
Scoping review to identify strategies and interventions improving interprofessional collaboration and integration in primary care
Authors: Sirimsi Muhammed Mustafa , De Loof Hans , Van den Broeck Kris , De Vliegher Kristel , Pype Peter , Remmen Roy , Van Bogaert Peter
Published: October 2022

Objective

To identify strategies and interventions used to improve interprofessional collaboration and integration (IPCI) in primary care.

Design

Scoping review

Data sources

Specific Medical Subject Headings terms were used, and a search strategy was developed for PubMed and afterwards adapted to Medline, Eric and Web of Science.

Study selection

In the first stage of the selection, two researchers screened the article abstracts to select eligible papers. When decisions conflicted, three other researchers joined the decision-making process. The same strategy was used with full-text screening. Articles were included if they: (1) were in English, (2) described an intervention to improve IPCI in primary care involving at least two different healthcare disciplines, (3) originated from a high-income country, (4) were peer-reviewed and (5) were published between 2001 and 2020.

Data extraction and synthesis

From each paper, eligible data were extracted, and the selected papers were analysed inductively. Studying the main focus of the papers, researchers searched for common patterns in answering the research question and exposing research gaps. The identified themes were discussed and adjusted until a consensus was reached among all authors.

Results

The literature search yielded a total of 1816 papers. After removing duplicates, screening titles and abstracts, and performing full-text readings, 34 papers were incorporated in this scoping review. The identified strategies and interventions were inductively categorised under five main themes: (1) Acceptance and team readiness towards collaboration, (2) acting as a team and not as an individual; (3) communication strategies and shared decision making, (4) coordination in primary care and (5) integration of caregivers and their skills and competences.

Conclusions

We identified a mix of strategies and interventions that can function as ‘building blocks’, for the development of a generic intervention to improve collaboration in different types of primary care settings and organisations.
The COVID-19 pandemic and changes in children’s physical activity in a rural US community: a mixed methods study
Authors: Kellstedt Debra K , Essay Ann M , Schenkelberg Michaela A , Rosen Marisa S , Von Seggern Mary J , Idoate Regina , Welk Gregory J , Rosenkranz Richard R , Dzewaltowski David A
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To examine differences in rural community children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and participation in out-of-school activities from fall 2019 to fall 2020 and explore enacted PA opportunity modifications post initial COVID-19 disruption.

Design

Mixed methods study using the validated Youth Activity Profile (YAP), administrator reports and stakeholder surveys and semistructured interviews.

Setting

Children and community stakeholders from one rural US Great Plains community in the state of Nebraska were recruited.

Participants

Third through fifth graders in fall 2019 (n=144) and fall 2020 (n=174) reported MVPA and participation in out-of-school activities using the YAP. School administrators reported weekly physical education (PE) and recess minutes. Community stakeholders reported pandemic-related changes in community social structures in semistructured interviews (n=4) and surveys (n=19).

Results

Average daily MVPA minutes increased from 2019 to 2020 (75.0 vs 81.3, SE=1.6, p<0.05). Minutes of MVPA increased during: school hours (MD=2.7, SE=0.5, p<0.5); out-of-school time on weekdays (MD=3.9, SE=1.3, p<0.5); and on weekends (MD=5.5, SE=2.4, p<0.5). On average, fewer children participated in youth sport (42.5% vs 47.2%), youth clubs (10.3% vs 16.0%) and other out-of-school activities (24.1% vs 38.2%) in 2020, compared with 2019. Weekly PE/recess minutes increased from 208.3 to 241.7 from 2019 to 2020. Stakeholder surveys revealed community-driven modifications to PA opportunities, and interviews suggested children played outside more frequently, especially when school was closed and out-of-school activities were shut down.

Conclusions

Increased minutes of PE and recess, and decreased out-of-school activity participation may have increased children’s overall free play and MVPA during the pandemic. Free play was an important contributor to children’s PA during the pandemic and should be prioritised by educators, coaches and other leaders of child PA opportunities.

Trial registration number

NCT03380143.
How to co-design a health literacy-informed intervention based on a needs assessment study in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Borge Christine Råheim , Larsen Marie Hamilton , Osborne Richard H , Engebretsen Eivind , Andersen Marit Helen , Holter Ingrid Asbjørnsen , Wahl Astrid K
Published: October 2022

Objective

To develop a co-designed health literacy (HL)-informed intervention for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that enables them to find, understand, remember, use and communicate the health information needed to promote and maintain good health.

Design

This study used a co-design approach informed by the programme logic of the Ophelia (Optimising Health Literacy and Access) process. The co-design included workshops where possible solutions for an HL-informed intervention were discussed based on an HL needs assessment study.

Settings

Five workshops were performed in a local community setting in the specialist and municipality healthcare services in Oslo, Norway.

Participants

People with COPD, multidisciplinary healthcare professionals (HCPs) from the municipality and specialist healthcare services, and researchers (n=19) participated in the workshops. The co-designed HL-informed intervention was based on seven focus groups with people with COPD (n=14) and HCPs (n=21), and a cross-sectional study of people with COPD using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (n=69).

Results

The workshop co-design process identified 45 action points and 51 description points for possible intervention solutions to meet the HL needs of people with COPD. The final recommendation for an HL-informed intervention focused on tailored follow-up after hospitalisation, which uses motivational interviewing techniques, is based on the individual’s HL, self-management and quality of life needs and is implemented in cooperation with HCPs in both the specialist and municipality healthcare services.

Conclusion

During the codesign process, the workshop group generated several ideas for how to help patients find, understand, remember, use and communicate health information in order to promote and maintain good health. People with COPD need tailored follow-up based on their individual HL needs by HCPs that have knowledge of COPD and are able to motivate them for self-management tasks and help them to improve their quality of life (QOL) and decrease hospitalisation.
Healthcare providers’ attitudes, beliefs and barriers to pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Aldhahir Abdulelah M , Alqahtani Jaber S , AlDraiwiesh Ibrahim A , Alghamdi Saeed M , Alsulayyim Abdullah S , Alqarni Abdullah A , Alhotye Munyra , Alwafi Hassan , Siraj Rayan , Alrajeh Ahmed , Aldabayan Yousef S , Alzahrani Eidan M , Hakamy Ali
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To assess the attitude of healthcare providers (HCPs) towards the delivering of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and identify factors and barriers that might influence referral.

Design

A cross-sectional online survey consisting of nine multiple-choice questions.

Settings

Saudi Arabia.

Participants

980 HCPs including nurses, respiratory therapists (RT) and physiotherapists.

Primary outcome measures

HCPs attitudes towards and expectations of the delivery of PR to COPD patients and the identification of factors and barriers that might influence referral in Saudi Arabia.

Results

Overall, 980 HCPs, 53.1% of whom were men, completed the survey. Nurses accounted for 40.1% of the total sample size, and RTs and physiotherapists accounted for 32.1% and 16.5%, respectively. The majority of HCPs strongly agreed that PR would improve exercise capacity 589 (60.1%), health-related quality of life 571 (58.3%), and disease self-management in patients with COPD 589 (60.1%). Moreover, the in-hospital supervised PR programme was the preferred method of delivering PR, according to 374 (38.16%) HCPs. Around 85% of HCPs perceived information about COPD, followed by smoking cessation 787 (80.3%) as essential components of PR besides the exercise component. The most common patient-related factor that strongly influenced referral decisions was ‘mobility affected by breathlessness’ (64%), while the ‘availability of PR centres’ (61%), the ‘lack of trained HCPs’ (52%) and the ‘lack of authority to refer patients’ (44%) were the most common barriers to referral.

Conclusion

PR is perceived as an effective management strategy for patients with COPD. A supervised hospital-based programme is the preferred method of delivering PR, with information about COPD and smoking cessation considered essential components of PR besides the exercise component. A lack of PR centres, well-trained staff and the authority to refer patients were major barriers to referring patients with COPD. Further research is needed to confirm HCP perceptions of patient-related barriers.
Disruptions to the procurement of medical abortion medicines during COVID-19: a scoping review
Authors: Cassinath Natasha , Titulaer Patricia , Läser Laurence , Lavelanet Antonella , Ahsan Safia , Kwankam Toedtli Francelle , Mawa Stephen , Rehnstrom Loi Ulrika
Published: October 2022

Objectives

This scoping review aimed to systematically search, retrieve and map the extent and characteristics of available literature on the evidenced disruptions to medical abortion (MA) medicine procurement caused by the COVID-19 outbreak.

Design

Scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology and Levacet al’s methodological enhancement with adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews.

Data sources

PubMed, Embase, PMC, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched from January 2020 to April 2022.

Eligibility criteria

We included articles in English that: (1) contained information on MA medicines; (2) included descriptions of procurement disruptions, including those with examples, characteristics and/or statistics; (3) documented events during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (4) presented primary data.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two reviewers independently screened search results, performed a full-text review of preliminarily included articles and completed data extraction in a standard Excel spreadsheet. Extracted data from was compared for validation and synthesised qualitatively.

Results

The two articles included are unpublished grey literature demonstrating evidence of short-lived disruptions in sexual and reproductive health commodity procurement, including MA medicines, in sub-Saharan Africa during the early months of the pandemic. Findings from the two included grey literature articles show that in sub-Saharan contexts, emergency preparedness, stockpiling, adaptations and flexibility of key actors, including donors, alleviated COVID-19 disruptions allowing for resumption of services within weeks.

Conclusion

There is a need for increased empirical evidence of MA procurement challenges to understand which barriers to MA procurement may persist and impact continuity of supply while others can fuel resilience and preparedness efforts at the country and subregional levels. The lack of evidence from social marketing organisations and their networks is a significant gap as these actors constitute a vital artery in the distribution of MA commodities in low-income and middle-income countries.
Associations between Indonesia’s national health insurance, effective coverage in maternal health and neonatal mortality: a multilevel interrupted time-series analysis 2000–2017
Authors: Marthias Tiara , McPake Barbara , Carvalho Natalie , Millett Christopher , Anindya Kanya , Saputri Nurmala Selly , Trisnantoro Laksono , Lee John Tayu
Published: October 2022

Background

We assessed the effect of Indonesia’s national health insurance programme (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional(JKN)) on effective coverage for maternal and child health across geographical regions and population groups.

Methods

We used four waves of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey from 2000 to 2017, which included 38 880 women aged 15–49 years and 144 000 birth records. Key outcomes included antenatal and delivery care, caesarean section and neonatal and infant mortality. We used multilevel interrupted time-series regression to examine changes in outcomes after the introduction of the JKN in January 2014.

Findings

JKN introduction was associated with significant level increases in (1) antenatal care (ANC) crude coverage (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.81, 95% CI 1.44 to 2.27); (2) ANC quality-adjusted coverage (aOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.98); (3) ANC user-adherence-adjusted coverage (aOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.25); (4) safe delivery service contact (aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.36); and (5) safe delivery crude coverage (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.75). We did not find any significant level increase in ANC service contact or caesarean section. Interestingly, increases in ANC service contact and crude coverage, and safe delivery crude coverage were larger among the poorest compared with the most affluent. No statistically significant associations were found between JKN introduction and neonatal and infant mortality (p>0.05) in the first 3 years following implementation.

Interpretation

Expansion of social health insurance led to substantial improvements in quality of care for maternal health services but not in child mortality. Concerted efforts are required to equitably improve service quality and child mortality across the population in Indonesia.
Corticosteroids for pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis
Authors: Takimoto Takayuki
Published: October 2022

Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis (PLC) is a type of lymphangitic spread of cancer cells, from a primary site to the pulmonary vasculature and lymphatics. Corticosteroids are recommended for PLC by clinical guidelines, although scientific evidence for this traditional practice is still lacking. We report a patient with lung cancer who developed clinically diagnosed PLC and was successfully treated with steroid treatment. The pulmonary shadows suggestive of PLC were remarkably improved, as well as her symptom. Corticosteroids are worth trying when PLC is clinically suspected.
Theoretical studies of the excited electronic states of the molecule ScLi and its ions ScLi± with a feasibility study of laser cooling
Authors: Kassem Sahar , Zeid Israa , Korek Mahmoud
Published: October 2022

For the transition metal lithides ScLi and ScLi±, the adiabatic potential energy and the static and transition dipole moment curves of the low-lying electronic states in the representation 2 s+1Λ(+/−) have been investigated. The spectroscopic constants, the electronic transition energy with respect to the ground state Te, the internuclear distance Re, the harmonic frequency ωe, the rotational constant Be, the permanent dipole moment µe, and the dissociation energies De have been computed for the bound and excited states. Using the canonical function approach, these calculations have been followed by a rovibrational calculation from which the rovibrational constants Ev, Bv, and Dv and the abscissas of the turning points Rmin and Rmax for the investigated bound states are calculated. A feasibility study of laser cooling of ScLi and its ions ScLi± has been done. New 62 electronic states have been investigated in the present work for the first time. No useful cooling scheme was found for those molecules.
Structural, DFT calculations and photophysical and photochemical characteristics of 1-((E)-2-phenylethenyl)-2-(4-(2-((E)-2-phenylethenyl) phenoxy) butoxy) benzene (PPPBB)
Authors: Bayoumy Rasha M. , Abdel-Halim Shakir T. , El-Daly Samy A. , Saad Mohamed A. , Awad Mohamed K. , Ebeid El-Zeiny M.
Published: October 2022

X-ray single crystal structure and spectroscopic and photophysical parameters of the titled compound were studied. The titled compound shows thermal stability prior to melting at 126.17 °C with Δ H value of 109.991 J g−1. Photophysical parameters include singlet electronic absorption, molar absorption coefficient, oscillator strength, and dipole moment of electronic transition, fluorescence spectra, excited state lifetime, and fluorescence quantum yield for 1-((E)-2-phenylethenyl)-2-(4-(2-((E)-2-phenylethenyl) phenoxy) butoxy) (PPPBB) in different solvents. PPPBB displays a little change in maximum absorption and emission spectra with solvent polarity, indicating a slight change in dipole moment of dye molecules upon excitation. The dipole moments' (Δ μ) difference between the excited and ground states was obtained from the Lippert–Mataga method. Ground and electronic excited states' geometric optimization was performed using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (time dependent-DFT), complemented with spectral findings. A good agreement between theoretical data and experimental observations was found. The net photochemical quantum yield (φc) of PPPBB dye was calculated in various solvents.
Optimal design of robust control based on compound form: steady-state performance and control cost
Authors: Zhao Han , Lin Fei , Huang Kang , Li Chenming
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we propose an optimal robust control for dealing with the uncertain fuzzy dynamical systems. First, a dynamical system is established with uncertainty. The uncertainty is nonlinear, time varying, and is regarded as bounded. The bound exists within a specified fuzzy set. Then, a robust control is proposed to ensure the system performance. The proposed control is deterministic, which is not on the basis of the IF-THEN rule. Besides, to achieve better performance, a performance index, including both the steady-state performance measurement and the control cost measurement of the system, is proposed. Furthermore, a fuzzy dynamical model of the robot joint module system is established with parameters uncertainty and external disturbance. By using the proposed optimal robust control, the performance of the dynamical system is not only definitely ensured but also optimized.
An Interpretable Time Series Clustering Neural Network Based on Shape Feature Extraction
Authors: Li Weide , Hao Zihan , Zhang Zhihe
Published: October 2022

Time series is a very common but important data type. A large number of time series data are generated in various professional research fields and daily life. Although there are many models being developed to deal with time series, the cluster methods for time series are insufficient and need to improve. This paper is focused on time series clustering, which uses deep learning approach to discover the shape characteristics of time series. We establish a new neural network model of time series clustering to jointly optimize the representation learning and clustering tasks of time series. Focusing on shape features with time series, we built the Soft-DTW layer into the neural network to learn the interpretable time series representation. Maximized regularization mutual information is used to jointly optimize representation learning and clustering tasks. Experiments show that this model can help obtain an excellent representation of time series. In comparison with the benchmark model, the best clustering effect is achieved in the proposed model on multiple data sets. This model has broad applicability in time series data.
Fault Detection in Electrical Equipment by Infrared Thermography Images Using Spiking Neural Network Through Hybrid Feature Selection
Authors: Chellamuthu Shanmugam , Sekaran E. Chandira , Annamalai Sivakumar , Palanisamy A. R.
Published: October 2022

The Spiking Neural Network (SNN) model is a third-generation neural network model that uses spike pulse trains to detect and classify electrical problems in the electrical equipment under consideration. To diagnose the thermal issue in the early stages, it is required to evaluate and monitor the electrical components. The detection method in Infrared Thermography (IRT) is hybrid optimization, which is a Dragonfly Algorithm (DA)–Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique that produces a higher exploration and exploitation rate while moving toward an optimal solution with a higher convergence rate. The innovative hybrid DA–ACO method used in this study aims to find the best weights for the SNN model while also extracting the most useful characteristics for defect detection in electrical equipment. To improve classification accuracy, the optimum features picked using the created hybrid DA–ACO are provided to the SNN model. Based on conventional and other optimization methods, the proposed method provided superior results from the execution results.
Assigning causality to events in the Holocene record of coral reefs
Authors: Rodriguez-Ruano Victor , Toth Lauren T. , Aronson Richard B.
Published: October 2022

The uncemented reef-frameworks of Pacific Panamá, which have been dominated throughout the Holocene by branching corals of the genus
Pocillopora
, experienced a hiatus in vertical accretion lasting
c.
2300 years, beginning
c.
4100 years ago. The hiatus has been attributed to an increase in variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We tested the alternative hypothesis that the hiatus was solely the result of bioerosion, assuming an acute disturbance halted coral growth 1800 years ago (the time at which reef accretion resumed after the hiatus) and that the entire framework remained in the taphonomically active zone at that time. We calculate that it would have taken 167–511 years for bioerosion to fully remove 2300 years-worth of framework growth under those circumstances. In fact, most of the reef-framework in Panamá is stabilized in sediment that prevents the activity of bioeroders; only the upper
c.
1 m of open framework – several decades-worth of growth at most – would have been vulnerable to erosion, greatly increasing the time required to bioerode 2300 years of accumulation. We conclude that the hiatus was not solely an artefact of bioerosion; rather, a long-term increase in ENSO variability suppressed coral growth and vertical reef accretion.
Evolutionary patterns in Late Pennsylvanian conodonts
Authors: Barrick James E. , Hogancamp Nicholas J. , Rosscoe Steven J.
Published: October 2022

Late Pennsylvanian conodont faunas were dominated by idiognathodids historically assigned to
Idiognathodus
(flat P
1
) or
Streptognathodus
(troughed P
1
). Recent work suggests clades arose iteratively, through time, from unrelated ancestors in different geographical regions. The end-Desmoinesian extinction event terminated two major genera,
Swadelina
(troughed) and
Neognathodus
(long carina), and comparable new morphotypes developed from surviving
Idiognathodus
species in the early Kasimovian, especially in North America. True
Streptognathodus
(troughed) and
Heckelina
n. gen (asymmetric, eccentric groove) appeared in North America in the mid-Kasimovian. Another troughed clade arose in Eurasia (‘
S.
’ 2) and attained a global distribution by the late Kasimovian. A second, early Gzhelian, Eurasian radiation produced new troughed forms (‘
S.
’ 4) that dominated Gzhelian faunas globally. In South China, endemic clades of eccentrically grooved
Idiognathodus
? and troughed forms (‘
S
.’ 3) appeared in the late Kasimovian and persisted into the Gzhelian. Typical
Idiognathodus
species were uncommon by the late Kasimovian and disappeared in the mid-Gzhelian. After a low diversity interval in the mid-Gzhelian, a new major radiation of weakly troughed forms occurred (‘
S.
’ 5), which led to redevelopment of
Idiognathodus
-like elements in the Cisuralian. Other conodont genera from offshore (
Gondolella, Idioprioniodus
) and nearshore settings (
Hindeodus, Diplognathodus, Adetognathus, Ellisonia
) are poorly studied and show low diversity and little morphological change.
FPGA Implementation of Compact Hardware Accelerators for Ring-Binary-LWE-based Post-quantum Cryptography
Authors: He Pengzhou , Bao Tianyou , Xie Jiafeng , Amin Moeness
Published: October 2022

Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) has recently drawn substantial attention from various communities owing to the proven vulnerability of existing public-key cryptosystems against the attacks launched from well-established quantum computers. The Ring-Binary-Learning-with-Errors (RBLWE), a variant of Ring-LWE, has been proposed to build PQC for lightweight applications. As more Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices are being deployed in lightweight applications like Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, it would be interesting if the RBLWE-based PQC can be implemented on the FPGA with ultra-low complexity and flexible processing. However, thus far, limited information is available for such implementations. In this article, we propose novel RBLWE-based PQC accelerators on the FPGA with ultra-low implementation complexity and flexible timing. We first present the process of deriving the key operation of the RBLWE-based scheme into the proposed algorithmic operation. The corresponding hardware accelerator is then efficiently mapped from the proposed algorithm with the help of algorithm-to-architecture implementation techniques and extended to obtain higher-throughput designs. The final complexity analysis and implementation results (on a variety of FPGAs) show that the proposed accelerators have significantly smaller area-time complexities than the state-of-the-art designs. Overall, the proposed accelerators feature low implementation complexity and flexible processing, making them desirable for emerging FPGA-based lightweight applications.
#ActuallyAutistic Twitter as a Site for Epistemic Resistance and Crip Futurity
Authors: Guberman Josh
Published: October 2022

The Internet has, for several decades, played a critical role in autistic self-advocacy and community building. This semi-autoethnographic, interpretivist study turns to #ActuallyAutistic Twitter to examine autistic concerns about autism research, how these concerns differ from those of autism researchers, and how autistics interact with autism research and researchers. I find that #ActuallyAutistic Twitter discourses align with the neurodiversity paradigm, while dominant autism discourses in the academy align with the medical model of disability. Though both orientations towards autism research sometimes share research priorities, they represent fundamentally irreconcilable approaches to these priorities and autism, more broadly. I explore how autistics on Twitter interact with non-autistic researchers and how the tenor of these interactions varies according to which research paradigm a particular researcher subscribes. I conclude with a discussion of how HCI researchers interested in autism can operationalize these findings by approaching their work through the framework of crip technoscience.
ECO-GNN: Signoff Power Prediction Using Graph Neural Networks with Subgraph Approximation
Authors: Lu Yi-Chen , Nath Siddhartha , Pentapati Sai , Lim Sung Kyu
Published: October 2022

Modern electronic design automation flows depend on both implementation and signoff tools to perform timing-constrained power optimization through Engineering Change Orders (ECOs), which involve gate sizing and threshold-voltage (

V
th

)-assignment of standard cells. However, the signoff ECO optimization is highly time-consuming, and the power improvement is hard to predict in advance. Ever since the industrial benchmarks released by the ISPD-2012 gate-sizing contest, active research has been conducted extensively to improve the optimization process. Nonetheless, previous works were mostly based on heuristics or analytical methods whose timing models were oversimplified and lacked of formal validations from commercial signoff tools. In this article, we propose ECO-graph neural networks (GNN), a transferable graph-learning-based framework, which harnesses GNNs to perform commercial-quality signoff power optimization through discrete (

V
th

-assignment. One of the highlights of our framework is that it generates tool-accurate optimization results
instantly
on unseen netlists that are not utilized in the training process. Furthermore, we propose a subgraph approximation technique to improve training and inferencing time of the proposed GNN model. We show that design instances with non-overlapping subgraphs can be optimized in parallel so as to improve the inference time of the learning-based model. Finally, we implement a GNN-based explanation method to interpret the optimization results achieved by our framework. Experimental results on 14 industrial designs, including a RISC-V-based multi-core system and the renowned ISPD-2012 benchmarks, demonstrate that our framework achieves up to 14× runtime improvement with similar signoff power optimization quality compared with
Synopsys PrimeTime
, an industry-leading signoff tool.
Linearized Tracking of Dendritic Evolution in Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Aryanfar Asghar
Published: October 2022

The formation of the dendritic microstructures during the electrodeposition is a complex process depending on several physical/chemical parameters. We establish an analytical framework for tracking the one dimensional dendritic interface based on the asynchronous developments in the concentration C and the electric potential V. Comparing the dynamics of the interface vs the ions, we establish linearized forms of the concentration C and the electric potential V during the quasi-steady-state evolution. Subsequently, we investigate the potentiostatic (V
0) and galvanostatic (i
0) conditions, where we have analytically attained the dependent parameters (i or V) and justified their respective variations in the binary electrolyte. Consequently, we have quantified the role of original concentration C
0, the inter-electrode potential V
0, the electrolyte diffusivity D and the inter-electrode separation l on the value and the growth rate of the dendritic interface. In particular, for the given infinitesimal dendritic growth, we have shown a higher efficacy for the electromigration than the diffusion, especially during the instigation period of the electrodeposition.
Persistence of adaptation following visuomotor training
Authors: Ebrahimi Shahryar , Ostry David J.
Published: October 2022

Aftereffects following sensorimotor adaptation are important because they bear on the understanding of the mechanisms that subserve forgetting. We present evidence that information loss previously reported during retention testing occurs only when there is a detectable discrepancy between vision and somatosensation and, if this mismatch is removed, the persistence of adaptation is observed. This suggests that washout during aftereffect trials is a consequence of the experimental design rather than a property of the memory system itself.
Arginase: Biological and Therapeutic Implications in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications
Authors: Ren Yuanyuan , Li Zhuozhuo , Li Wenqing , Fan Xiaobin , Han Feifei , Huang Yaoyao , Yu Yi , Qian Lu , Xiong Yuyan
Published: October 2022

Arginase is a ubiquitous enzyme in the urea cycle (UC) that hydrolyzes L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine. Two mammalian arginase isoforms, arginase1 (ARG1) and arginase2 (ARG2), play a vital role in the regulation of β-cell functions, insulin resistance (IR), and vascular complications via modulating L-arginine metabolism, nitric oxide (NO) production, and inflammatory responses as well as oxidative stress. Basic and clinical studies reveal that abnormal alterations of arginase expression and activity are strongly associated with the onset and development of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. As a result, targeting arginase may be a novel and promising approach for DM treatment. An increasing number of arginase inhibitors, including chemical and natural inhibitors, have been developed and shown to protect against the development of DM and its complications. In this review, we discuss the fundamental features of arginase. Next, the regulatory roles and underlying mechanisms of arginase in the pathogenesis and progression of DM and its complications are explored. Furthermore, we review the development and discuss the challenges of arginase inhibitors in treating DM and its related pathologies.
Affine Magic Cubes of Order 4: Concepts and Applications
Authors: Duangmoon Siriyakorn , Kanokladarom Praphon , Pongprasert Suchada , Rungratgasame Thitarie , Srithaisong Natsima
Published: October 2022

We convert a classical magic cube of order 4, which is an arrangement of

1,2
,
…
,
64

, to a cube of order 4 whose entries belong to

F
2
6

. By using finite-dimensional vector spaces over the field

F

2

, we introduce the notion of affine magic cubes and study their properties. The obtained results can be applied to describe some features of various types of magic cubes of order 4.