bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Intentions to Use Energy Efficiency Smart Solutions under the Impact of Social Influence: An Extended TAM Approach
Authors: Cioc Marian Mihai , Popa Ștefan Cătălin , Olariu Ana Alexandra , Popa Cătălina Florentina , Nica Cristian-Bogdan
Published: September 2023

The role of social influence (SI) as a determining factor in accepting new technologies has been addressed in several studies using the initial or extended technology acceptance model (TAM). This research uses an adaptation of the extended technology acceptance model (TAM) to analyze the behavioral intention of Romanian consumers regarding the use of energy efficiency smart solutions (EESS) under the effect of social influence. Data were processed with the structural equation modeling technique (PLS-SEM). The sample consisted of 302 domestic electricity consumers in Romania. The study’s findings show that the respondents’ perceptions of the two social influence dimensions—network of friends, colleagues, or family (SI_FF); and public space (SI_PS)—and their effects on other conceptual model variables are significantly different. The main implications highlight that the proposed model addresses social influence on two levels (SI_FF and SI_PS), to highlight not only the differences in users’ perceptions, but also the main directions in which efforts to promote these technologies should be focused more intensively, in the context of implementing European policies regarding the reduction of energy consumption at the level of household consumers. An important component of the proposed model is the analysis of the role of hedonic motivation constructs, expected performance, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use in mediating the relationship between social influence and behavioral intention to use.
BEAC-Net: Boundary-Enhanced Adaptive Context Network for Optic Disk and Optic Cup Segmentation
Authors: Jiang Lincen , Tang Xiaoyu , You Shuai , Liu Shangdong , Ji Yimu
Published: September 2023

Accurately segmenting the optic disk (OD) and optic cup (OC) on retinal fundus images is important for treating glaucoma. With the development of deep learning, some CNN-based methods have been implemented to segment OD and OC, but it is difficult to accurately segment OD and OC boundaries affected by blood vessels and the lesion area. To this end, we propose a novel boundary-enhanced adaptive context network (BEAC-Net) for OD and OC segmentation. Firstly, a newly designed efficient boundary pixel attention (EBPA) module enhances pixel-by-pixel feature capture to collect the boundary contextual information of OD and OC in the horizontal and vertical directions. In addition, background noise makes segmenting boundary pixels difficult. To this end, an adaptive context module (ACM) was designed, which simultaneously learns local-range and long-range information to capture richer context. Finally, BEAC-Net adaptively integrates the feature maps from different levels using the attentional feature fusion (AFF) module. In addition, we provide a high-quality retinal fundus image dataset named the 66 Vision-Tech dataset, which advances the field of diagnostic glaucoma. Our proposed BEAC-Net was used to perform extensive experiments on the RIM-ONE-v3, DRISHTI-GS, and 66 Vision-Tech datasets. In particular, BEAC-Net achieved a Dice coefficient of 0.8267 and an IoU of 0.8138 for OD segmentation and a Dice coefficient of 0.8057 and an IoU value of 0.7858 for OC segmentation on the 66 Vision-Tech dataset, achieving state-of-the-art segmentation results.
Core Competency Quantitative Evaluation of Air Traffic Controller in Multi-Post Mode
Authors: Duan Changmiao , Hu Minghua , Yang Lei , Gao Qi
Published: September 2023

In order to quantify the core competency of air traffic controllers (ATCO) in multi-post mode, and analyze the ATCO competency-post fit (CPF) degree, this paper proposes the AFE-TOPSIS evaluation method based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), factor analysis (FA), and entropy weight method (EWM). Through the analysis of job tasks, it preliminarily develops an evaluation index library of ATCO core competency. Then, it constructs an improved adaptive multi-dimension core competency model divided into four types of post modes. It proposes a method for determining the combined weight of core competency indexes, where the weights are determined subjectively through AHP, combined with the objective method of FA and EWM. Furthermore, it constructs a comprehensive evaluation model based on AFE-TOPSIS and analyzes the CPF degree by calculating the relative closeness degree of each evaluation index. The empirical analysis results show that the four types of core competency models in General, TWR, APP, and ACC post mode include seven dimensions, such as situation awareness, and workload management, which are also graded into the pyramid hierarchical structure of basic, advanced, and high-level. The calculation of the ATCO CPF degree based on the proposed AFE-TOPSIS method can scientifically assist in the fit of ATCO and multi-post mode.
An Evaluation of the Tool Wear of Ceramic and Coated Carbide Inserts in Finishing Turning under the Influence of Age-Strengthening Gray Cast Iron
Authors: González-Sierra N. E. , Flores Méndez Javier , Meraz-Melo M. A. , Piñón Reyes Ana C. , Munoz-Hernandez German Ardul , Morales-Sánchez Alfredo , Moreno Moreno Mario , Minquiz Gustavo M.
Published: September 2023

Gray cast iron (GCI) is a common material in the automotive industry due to its mechanical characteristics, which change primarily for materials employed for the foundry and cooling rate of material. According to the workpiece, the material of the cutting tool and cutting parameters are analyzed to improve the machining and to increment the lifetime of the tools. In this research, the foundry and machining process of an automotive component using ceramic and coated carbide tools were the study case, and the effect that they have on the age strengthening of GCI on the tool wear of the cutting tools was studied. Both inserts have the capability to machine the material with a rough surface between 1.5 to 2.0 μm. The wear mechanism of inserts and the microstructure of GCI were characterized with microscopy techniques, atomic force microscope (AFM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The microstructure of the workpiece shows a casting with flake graphite morphology that is linked with the induction of microcracks in the material. The experimental analysis shows that the GCI with 12 days of aging has an increased tensile strength. This improves the tool life of ceramic and coated carbide tools. There is a 50% reduction in flank wear with inserts that are machined with the GCI within five days of aging, compared with the material within twelve days. The rake face and flank wear show that abrasive and adhesive wear are the main mechanisms of ceramic inserts due to the high cutting speed. Meanwhile, adhesive and oxidative wear in the flank were the predominant type of wear for coated carbide tools.
Intra-Layer Inhomogeneity of the Anode in Commercial Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Fang Tuo , Jiang Guangsen , Xia Yong , Ying Pengfei
Published: September 2023

The Li intercalation reaction exhibits non-uniform behavior along the thickness direction of the electrode in a Li-ion battery. This non-uniformity, or intra-layer inhomogeneity (ILIH), becomes more serious as the charging and discharging speed increases. Substantial ILIH can lead to Li plating and the emergence of inhomogeneous inner stress, resulting in a decrease in battery service life and an increase in battery safety risks. In this study, an operando optical observation was conducted based on the color change reaction during Li intercalation in the anode. Subsequently, we introduce a novel quantitative method to assess ILIH in commercial Li-ion batteries. A specific ILIH value (KILIH) is first used in this article for ILIH characterization. An analysis of KILIH at different charging and discharging rates was conducted, alongside the exploration of KILIH-SOC trends and their underlying mechanisms. The proposed method exhibits favorable mathematical convergence and physical interpretability, as supported by the results and mechanism analysis. By enabling the assessment of ILIH evolution in response to SOC and (dis)charging rate variations, the proposed method holds significant potential for optimizing fast charging protocols in commercial batteries and contributing to the development of refined electrochemical battery models in future research.
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Stack Balancing to Increase Depth of Discharge Using Forced Flow Attenuation
Authors: Rashitov Ilia , Voropay Aleksandr , Tsepilov Grigoriy , Kuzmin Ivan , Loskutov Alexey , Kurkin Andrey , Osetrov Evgeny , Lipuzhin Ivan
Published: September 2023

Vanadium redox flow batteries are gaining great popularity in the world due to their long service life, simple (from a technological point of view) capacity increase and overload resistance, which hardly affects the service life. However, these batteries have technical problems, namely in balancing stacks with each other in terms of volumetric flow rate of electrolyte. Stack power depends on the speed of the electrolyte flow through the stack. Stacks are connected in parallel by electrolytes to increase battery power. If one of the stacks has a lower hydrodynamic resistance, the volume of electrolytes passing through it increases, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the remaining stacks in the system. This experimental study was conducted on a 10 kW uninterruptible power supply system based on two 5 kW stacks of all-vanadium redox flow batteries. It was demonstrated that forced flow attenuation in a circuit with low hydrodynamic resistance leads to an overall improvement in the system operation.
A Rapid-Patterning 3D Vessel-on-Chip for Imaging and Quantitatively Analyzing Cell–Cell Junction Phenotypes
Authors: Yan Li , Dwiggins Cole , Gupta Udit , Stroka Kimberly
Published: September 2023

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface that regulates the molecular exchanges between the brain and peripheral blood. The permeability of the BBB is primarily regulated by the junction proteins on the brain endothelial cells. In vitro BBB models have shown great potential for the investigation of the mechanisms of physiological function, pathologies, and drug delivery in the brain. However, few studies have demonstrated the ability to monitor and evaluate the barrier integrity by quantitatively analyzing the junction presentation in 3D microvessels. This study aimed to fabricate a simple vessel-on-chip, which allows for a rigorous quantitative investigation of junction presentation in 3D microvessels. To this end, we developed a rapid protocol that creates 3D microvessels with polydimethylsiloxane and microneedles. We established a simple vessel-on-chip model lined with human iPSC-derived brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (iBMEC-like cells). The 3D image of the vessel structure can then be “unwrapped” and converted to 2D images for quantitative analysis of cell–cell junction phenotypes. Our findings revealed that 3D cylindrical structures altered the phenotype of tight junction proteins, along with the morphology of cells. Additionally, the cell–cell junction integrity in our 3D models was disrupted by the tumor necrosis factor α. This work presents a “quick and easy” 3D vessel-on-chip model and analysis pipeline, together allowing for the capability of screening and evaluating the cell–cell junction integrity of endothelial cells under various microenvironment conditions and treatments.
OMICS Approaches to Assess Dinoflagellate Responses to Chemical Stressors
Authors: Roussel Alice , Mériot Vincent , Jauffrais Thierry , Berteaux-Lecellier Véronique , Lebouvier Nicolas
Published: September 2023

Dinoflagellates are important primary producers known to form Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs). In water, nutrient availability, pH, salinity and anthropogenic contamination constitute chemical stressors for them. The emergence of OMICs approaches propelled our understanding of dinoflagellates’ responses to stressors. However, in dinoflagellates, these approaches are still biased, as transcriptomic approaches are largely conducted compared to proteomic and metabolomic approaches. Furthermore, integrated OMICs approaches are just emerging. Here, we report recent contributions of the different OMICs approaches to the investigation of dinoflagellates’ responses to chemical stressors and discuss the current challenges we need to face to push studies further despite the lack of genomic resources available for dinoflagellates.
Indomethacin Induces Spermidine/Spermine-N1-Acetyltransferase-1 via the Nucleolin-CDK1 Axis and Synergizes with the Polyamine Oxidase Inhibitor Methoctramine in Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Buelvas Neudo , Ugarte-Vio Isidora , Asencio-Leal Laura , Muñoz-Uribe Matías , Martin-Martin Antonia , Rojas-Fernández Alejandro , Jara José A. , Tapia Julio C. , Arias María Elena , López-Muñoz Rodrigo A.
Published: September 2023

Indomethacin is a non-selective NSAID used against pain and inflammation. Although cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition is considered indomethacin’s primary action mechanism, COX-independent ways are associated with beneficial effects in cancer. In colon cancer cells, the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is related to the increase in spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase-1 (SSAT-1), a key enzyme for polyamine degradation, and related to cell cycle arrest. Indomethacin increases the SSAT-1 levels in lung cancer cells; however, the mechanism relying on the SSAT-1 increase is unclear. Thus, we asked for the influence of the PPAR-γ on the SSAT-1 expression in two lung cancer cell lines: H1299 and A549. We found that the inhibition of PPAR-γ with GW9662 did not revert the increase in SSAT-1 induced by indomethacin. Because the mRNA of SSAT-1 suffers a pre-translation retention step by nucleolin, a nucleolar protein, we explored the relationship between indomethacin and the upstream translation regulators of SSAT-1. We found that indomethacin decreases the nucleolin levels and the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) levels, which phosphorylates nucleolin in mitosis. Overexpression of nucleolin partially reverts the effect of indomethacin over cell viability and SSAT-1 levels. On the other hand, Casein Kinase, known for phosphorylating nucleolin during interphase, is not modified by indomethacin. SSAT-1 exerts its antiproliferative effect by acetylating polyamines, a process reverted by the polyamine oxidase (PAOX). Recently, methoctramine was described as the most specific inhibitor of PAOX. Thus, we asked if methoctramine could increase the effect of indomethacin. We found that, when combined, indomethacin and methoctramine have a synergistic effect against NSCLC cells in vitro. These results suggest that indomethacin increases the SSAT-1 levels by reducing the CDK1-nucleolin regulatory axis, and the PAOX inhibition with methoctramine could improve the antiproliferative effect of indomethacin.
Update on Nonhuman Primate Models of Brain Disease and Related Research Tools
Authors: Qiao Nan , Ma Lizhen , Zhang Yi , Wang Lifeng
Published: September 2023

The aging of the population is an increasingly serious issue, and many age-related illnesses are on the rise. These illnesses pose a serious threat to the health and safety of elderly individuals and create a serious economic and social burden. Despite substantial research into the pathogenesis of these diseases, their etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. In recent decades, rodent models have been used in attempts to elucidate these disorders, but such models fail to simulate the full range of symptoms. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are the most ideal neuroscientific models for studying the human brain and are more functionally similar to humans because of their high genetic similarities and phenotypic characteristics in comparison with humans. Here, we review the literature examining typical NHP brain disease models, focusing on NHP models of common diseases such as dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy. We also explore the application of electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and optogenetic study methods on NHPs and neural circuits associated with cognitive impairment.
Circulating Surfactant Protein D: A Biomarker for Acute Lung Injury?
Authors: Elmore Alyssa , Almuntashiri Ali , Wang Xiaoyun , Almuntashiri Sultan , Zhang Duo
Published: September 2023

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are life-threatening lung diseases in critically ill patients. The lack of prognostic biomarkers has halted detection methods and effective therapy development. Quantitative biomarker-based approaches in the systemic circulation have been proposed as a means of enhancing diagnostic strategies as well as pharmacotherapy in a patient-specific manner. Pulmonary surfactants are complex mixtures made up of lipids and proteins, which are secreted into the alveolar space by epithelial type II cells under normal and pathological conditions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of SP-D in lung injury from both preclinical and clinical studies. Among surfactant proteins, surfactant protein-D (SP-D) has been more widely studied in ALI and ARDS. Recent studies have reported that SP-D has a superior discriminatory ability compared to other lung epithelial proteins for the diagnosis of ARDS, which could reflect the severity of lung injury. Furthermore, we shed light on recombinant SP-D treatment and its benefits as a potential drug for ALI, and we encourage further studies to translate SP-D into clinical use for diagnosis and treatment.
The Efficacy of Anthropometric Indicators in Predicting Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using FibroScan® CAP Values among the Taiwanese Population
Authors: Lee Meng-Szu , Felipe-Dimog Eva Belingon , Yang Jeng-Fu , Chen Yi-Yu , Wu Kuan-Ta , Kuo Hsiang-Ju , Lin Tzu-Chun , Wang Chao-Ling , Hsieh Meng-Hsuan , Lin Chia-Yi , Batsaikhan Batbold , Ho Chi-Kung , Wu Ming-Tsang , Dai Chia-Yen
Published: September 2023

The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measurement obtained from FibroScan® is a low-risk method of assessing fatty liver. This study investigated the association between the FibroScan® CAP values and nine anthropometric indicators, including the abdominal volume index (AVI), body fat percentage (BFP), body mass index (BMI), conicity index (CI), ponderal index (PI), relative fat mass (RFM), waist circumference (WC), waist–hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (fatty liver). We analyzed the medical records of adult patients who had FibroScan® CAP results. CAP values <238 dB/m were coded as 0 (non- fatty liver) and ≥238 dB/m as 1 (fatty liver). An individual is considered to have class 1 obesity when their body mass index (BMI) ranges from 30 kg/m2 to 34.9 kg/m2. Class 2 obesity is defined by a BMI ranging from 35 kg/m2 to 39.9 kg/m2, while class 3 obesity is designated by a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or higher. Out of 1763 subjects, 908 (51.5%) had fatty liver. The BMI, WHtR, and PI were found to be more strongly correlated with the CAP by the cluster dendrogram with correlation coefficients of 0.58, 0.54, and 0.54, respectively (all p < 0.0001). We found that 28.3% of the individuals without obesity had fatty liver, and 28.2% of the individuals with obesity did not have fatty liver. The BMI, CI, and PI were significant predictors of fatty liver. The BMI, PI, and WHtR demonstrated better predictive ability, indicated by AUC values of 0.72, 0.68, and 0.68, respectively, a finding that was echoed in our cluster group analysis that showed interconnected clustering with the CAP. Therefore, of the nine anthropometric indicators we studied, the BMI, CI, PI, and WHtR were found to be more effective in predicting the CAP score, i.e., fatty liver.
Radioprotective Effects of Carvacrol and/or Thymol against Gamma Irradiation-Induced Acute Nephropathy: In Silico and In Vivo Evidence of the Involvement of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
Authors: Mahran Yasmen F. , Al-Kharashi Layla A. , Atawia Reem T. , Alanazi Rawan Turki , Dhahi Amal M. Bin , Alsubaie Rawd , Badr Amira M.
Published: September 2023

Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective curative cancer treatment. However, RT can seriously damage kidney tissues resulting in radiotherapy nephropathy (RN) where oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis are among the common pathomechanisms. Carvacrol and thymol are known for their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and radioprotective activities. Therefore, this study investigated the nephroprotective potentials of carvacrol and/or thymol against gamma (γ) irradiation-induced nephrotoxicity in rats along with the nephroprotection mechanisms, particularly the involvement of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Methods: Male rats were injected with carvacrol and/or thymol (80 and 50 mg/kg BW in the vehicle, respectively) for five days and exposed to a single dose of irradiation (6 Gy). Then, nephrotoxicity indices, oxidative stress, inflammatory, apoptotic biomarkers, and the histopathological examination were assessed. Also, IGF-1 and CGRP renal expressions were measured. Results: Carvacrol and/or thymol protected kidneys against γ-irradiation-induced acute RN which might be attributed to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. Moreover, both reserved the γ -irradiation-induced downregulation of CGRP- TNF-α loop in acute RN that might be involved in the pathomechanisms of acute RN. Additionally, in Silico molecular docking simulation of carvacrol and thymol demonstrated promising fitting and binding with CGRP, IGF-1, TNF-α and NF-κB through the formation of hydrogen, hydrophobic and alkyl bonds with binding sites of target proteins which supports the reno-protective properties of carvacrol and thymol. Collectively, our findings open a new avenue for using carvacrol and/or thymol to improve the therapeutic index of γ-irradiation.
SARS-CoV-2 and Parkinson’s Disease: A Review of Where We Are Now
Authors: Boura Iro , Qamar Mubasher A. , Daddoveri Francesco , Leta Valentina , Poplawska-Domaszewicz Karolina , Falup-Pecurariu Cristian , Ray Chaudhuri K.
Published: September 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been discussed in the context of Parkinson’s disease (PD) over the last three years. Now that we are entering the long-term phase of this pandemic, we are intrigued to look back and see how and why the community of patients with PD was impacted and what knowledge we have collected so far. The relationship between COVID-19 and PD is likely multifactorial in nature. Similar to other systemic infections, a probable worsening of PD symptoms secondary to COVID-19, either transient or persistent (long COVID), has been demonstrated, while the COVID-19-related mortality of PD patients may be increased compared to the general population. These observations could be attributed to direct or indirect damage from SARS-CoV-2 in the central nervous system (CNS) or could result from general infection-related parameters (e.g., hospitalization or drugs) and the sequelae of the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., quarantine). A growing number of cases of new-onset parkinsonism or PD following SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported, either closely (post-infectious) or remotely (para-infectious) after a COVID-19 diagnosis, although such a link remains hypothetical. The pathophysiological substrate of these phenomena remains elusive; however, research studies, particularly pathology studies, have suggested various COVID-19-induced degenerative changes with potential associations with PD/parkinsonism. We review the literature to date for answers considering the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and PD/parkinsonism, examining pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, vaccination, and future directions.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolomics Identified Ongoing Analgesic Medication in Neuropathic Pain Patients
Authors: Bäckryd Emmanuel , Thordeman Katarina , Gerdle Björn , Ghafouri Bijar
Published: September 2023

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can reasonably be hypothesized to mirror central nervous system pathophysiology in chronic pain conditions. Metabolites are small organic molecules with a low molecular weight. They are the downstream products of genes, transcripts and enzyme functions, and their levels can mirror diseased metabolic pathways. The aim of this metabolomic study was to compare the CSF of patients with chronic neuropathic pain (n = 16) to healthy controls (n = 12). Methods: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used for analysis of the CSF metabolome. Multivariate data analysis by projection discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to separate information from noise and minimize the multiple testing problem. Results: The significant OPLS-DA model identified 26 features out of 215 as important for group separation (R2 = 0.70, Q2 = 0.42, p = 0.017 by CV-ANOVA; 2 components). Twenty-one out of twenty-six features were statistically significant when comparing the two groups by univariate statistics and remained significant at a false discovery rate of 10%. For six out of the top ten metabolite features, the features were absent in all healthy controls. However, these features were related to medication, mainly acetaminophen (=paracetamol), and not to pathophysiological processes. Conclusion: CSF metabolomics was a sensitive method to detect ongoing analgesic medication, especially acetaminophen.
Artificial Neural Network Model with Astrocyte-Driven Short-Term Memory
Authors: Zimin Ilya A. , Kazantsev Victor B. , Stasenko Sergey V.
Published: September 2023

In this study, we introduce an innovative hybrid artificial neural network model incorporating astrocyte-driven short-term memory. The model combines a convolutional neural network with dynamic models of short-term synaptic plasticity and astrocytic modulation of synaptic transmission. The model’s performance was evaluated using simulated data from visual change detection experiments conducted on mice. Comparisons were made between the proposed model, a recurrent neural network simulating short-term memory based on sustained neural activity, and a feedforward neural network with short-term synaptic depression (STPNet) trained to achieve the same performance level as the mice. The results revealed that incorporating astrocytic modulation of synaptic transmission enhanced the model’s performance.
Research on Quantitative Assessment and Dynamic Reasoning Method for Emergency Response Capability in Prefabricated Construction Safety
Authors: Tang Shanrong , Zhu Ke , Guo Peiwen
Published: September 2023

In response to the common issues of lacking a comprehensive quantitative assessment system and insufficient dynamic understanding of emergency response capability in prefabricated construction safety, this study proposes a research methodology based on decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) to promote the construction of emergency response capacity. Firstly, a quantitative evaluation indicator system comprising 4 core categories of organizational management, personnel quality, technical measures, and emergency resources, along with 16 main categories, is established using grounded theory and three levels of coding approach. Subsequently, through a combination of expert surveys and quantitative analysis, DEMATEL is employed to unveil the causal relationships and key indicators of the evaluation criteria. Next, the DEMATEL and FCM models are integrated to conduct predictive and diagnostic reasoning analysis based on key indicators. Finally, a case study is conducted to validate the usability and effectiveness of the proposed model and methodology. The results demonstrate that indicators related to organizational management and personnel quality belong to the cause group, while technical measures and emergency resources fall into the effect group. The “completeness of emergency plans” exhibits the most significant influence on other indicators and is also the most influenced indicator by others. Predictive reasoning analysis reveals that well-controlled “emergency organizational structure and procedures” are crucial for enhancing emergency response capacity. Diagnostic reasoning analysis indicates that the improvement of emergency response capability should focus on enhancing the “completeness of emergency plans”. The synergistic effect between “emergency organizational structure and procedures” and “completeness of emergency plans” contributes to the enhancement of emergency response capability in prefabricated construction safety. The study holds both theoretical and practical significance for advancing safety management in prefabricated construction. Considering the dynamic coupling of multiple factors will be the primary direction of research in the field of safety management in the future.
Research on 3D Visualization of Real Scene in Subway Engineering Based on 3D Model
Authors: Wang Xuejian , Wang Jiayuan , Zhang Yuyu
Published: September 2023

As an urban infrastructure project, subway engineering exhibits the characteristics of large scale, trans-regional presence, and complex environmental conditions. The three-dimensional (3D) real scene of subway engineering aims to visually present the project features by creating a virtual environment in the 3D form by integrating numerous geographical scenes and entities. However, existing methods of geometric data integration and model visualization are insufficient for handling the diverse and heterogeneous data types encountered in this process. To address these challenges, this study proposes a framework for real-scene 3D visualization management in subway engineering, establishing a technical process of multi-source data integration for organizing 3D models within the scene, and developing a visualization display strategy that incorporates octree and level of detail principles for multi-scale hierarchical dynamic loading of 3D Scene. To validate the proposed method, a prototype system is developed with Geographic Information System (GIS) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology and applied to an actual subway project. The results demonstrate that this method ensures effective integration and management of data, enabling the display of real scenes in an integrated 3D model in a web environment.
3D-Printed Clay Enhanced with Graphene Nanoplatelets for Sustainable and Green Construction
Authors: Mohsen Mohamed O. , Al-Diseet Malak M. , Aburumman Mervat O. , Taha Ramzi , Taqa Ala Abu , Senouci Ahmed , Naji Khalid
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a study on the effects of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the mechanical behavior of 3D-printed burnt clay, the most sustainable and green construction material, under constant printing parameters. Mixes with different nanofilament contents—0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% by clay weight—were printed and tested under compression and bending loadings. The results obtained on the printed samples were compared with those fabricated using the molding method. The samples’ microstructures were then analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was employed to obtain the elemental distributions. The testing results were then statistically analyzed using a t-statistical method to investigate the impact of using GNPs on the properties of 3D-printed clay. Strength test results showed that mixes containing a low GNP content, i.e., 0.1 wt.%, attained higher compressive and flexural strengths than those containing higher contents, i.e., 0.2 and 0.3wt.%. The results additionally highlighted that the efficiency of GNPs was better observed in the printed samples rather than the molded ones, indicating that the printing process contributed to a better and more uniform dispersion of GNPs in the clay matrix. The t-statistical analysis confirmed that a significant improvement in compressive strength could be obtained using a GNP content of 0.1 wt.%, regardless of the fabrication method. On the other hand, significant flexural strength improvements were observed in the printed samples at all GNP dosages. Micrographs of GNP-modified clay supported the strength results obtained in this study. In summary, this research work signified the importance of using nanofilaments in 3D printing applications in order to achieve the desired elements’ mechanical properties.
Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk
Authors: Shehata Shaimaa A. , Toraih Eman A. , Ismail Ezzat A. , Hagras Abeer M. , Elmorsy Ekramy , Fawzy Manal S.
Published: September 2023

Lung cancer (LC) is the second-most prevalent tumor worldwide. According to the most recent GLOBOCAN data, over 2.2 million LC cases were reported in 2020, with an estimated new death incident of 1,796,144 lung cancer cases. Genetic, lifestyle, and environmental exposure play an important role as risk factors for LC. E-cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs) use has been dramatically increasing world-wide. There is growing concern that EVPs consumption may increase the risk of LC because EVPs contain several proven carcinogenic compounds. However, the relationship between EVPs and LC is not well established. E-cigarette contains nicotine derivatives (e.g., nitrosnornicotine, nitrosamine ketone), heavy metals (including organometal compounds), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and flavorings (aldehydes and complex organics). Several environmental toxicants have been proven to contribute to LC. Proven and plausible environmental carcinogens could be physical (ionizing and non-ionizing radiation), chemicals (such as asbestos, formaldehyde, and dioxins), and heavy metals (such as cobalt, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel). Air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM) emitted from vehicles and industrial exhausts, is linked with LC. Although extensive environmental exposure prevention policies and smoking reduction strategies have been adopted globally, the dangers remain. Combined, both EVPs and toxic environmental exposures may demonstrate significant synergistic oncogenicity. This review aims to analyze the current publications on the importance of the relationship between EVPs consumption and environmental toxicants in the pathogenesis of LC.
Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Activates Autophagy to Promote Survival of Breast Cancer Cells via the mTOR/HIF-1α Pathway
Authors: Kawakita Emi , Yang Fan , Shi Sen , Takagaki Yuta , Koya Daisuke , Kanasaki Keizo
Published: September 2023

Autophagy plays a complex role in breast cancer cell survival, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4, a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus, is also involved in autophagic flux. The potential influence of DPP-4 suppression on cancer biology remains unknown. Here, we report that DPP-4 deficiency promotes breast cancer cell survival via the induction of autophagy by the C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12)/C-X-C receptor 4 (CXCR4)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α axis. DPP-4 knockdown and DPP-4 inhibitor KR62436 (KR) treatment both increased the levels of LC3II and HIF-1α in cultured human breast and mouse mammary cancer cells. The KR-induced autophagic phenotype in cancer cells was inhibited by treatment with the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 and rapamycin. HIF-1α knockdown also suppressed breast cancer autophagy induced by KR. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine significantly blocked the KR-mediated suppression of cleaved caspase-3 levels and apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines. Finally, we found that the metformin-induced apoptosis of DPP-4-deficient 4T1 mammary cancer cells was associated with the suppression of autophagy. Our findings identify a novel role for DPP-4 inhibition in the promotion of breast cancer survival by inducing CXCL12/CXCR4/mTOR/HIF-1α axis-dependent autophagy. Metformin is a potential drug that counteracts the breast cancer cell survival system.
Dosimetry of a Novel 111Indium-Labeled Anti-P-Cadherin Monoclonal Antibody (FF-21101) in Non-Human Primates
Authors: Ravizzini Gregory , Erwin William , De Palatis Louis , Martiniova Lucia , Subbiah Vivek , Paolillo Vincenzo , Mitchell Jennifer , McCoy Asa P. , Gonzalez Jose , Mawlawi Osama
Published: September 2023

P-cadherin is associated with a wide range of tumor types, making it an attractive therapeutic target. FF-21101 is a human–mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against human P-cadherin, which has been radioconjugated with indium-111 (111In) utilizing a DOTA chelator. We investigated the biodistribution of FF-21101(111In) in cynomolgus macaques and extrapolated the results to estimate internal radiation doses of 111In- and yttrium-90 (90Y)-FF-21101 for targeted radioimmunotherapy in humans. Whole-body planar and SPECT imaging were performed at 0, 2, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h post-injection, using a dual-head gamma camera. Volumes of interest of identifiable source organs of radioactivity were defined on aligned reference CT and serial SPECT images. Organs with the highest estimated dose values (mSv/MBq) for FF-21101(111In) were the lungs (0.840), spleen (0.816), liver (0.751), kidneys (0.629), and heart wall (0.451); and for FF-21101(90Y) dose values were: lungs (10.49), spleen (8.21), kidneys (5.92), liver (5.46), and heart wall (2.61). FF-21101(111In) exhibits favorable biodistribution in cynomolgus macaques and estimated human dosimetric characteristics. Data obtained in this study were used to support the filing of an investigational new drug application with the FDA for a Phase I clinical trial.
Control of Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Flux and Apoptosis by Retinoic Acid: Raman Imaging In Vitro Human Bronchial and Lung Cancerous Cells
Authors: Abramczyk Halina , Surmacki Jakub Maciej
Published: September 2023

The multiple functions of cytochrome c (cyt c) and their regulation in life and death decisions of the mammalian cell go beyond respiration, apoptosis, ROS scavenging, and oxidation of cardiolipine. It has become increasingly evident that cyt c is involved in the propagation of mitogenic signals. It has been proposed that the mitogenic signals occur via the PKCδ-retinoic acid signal complex comprising the protein kinase Cδ, the adapter protein Src homologous collagen homolog (p66Shc), and cyt c. We showed the importance of retinoic acid in regulating cellular processes monitored by the Raman bands of cyt c. To understand the role of retinoids in regulating redox status of cyt c, we recorded the Raman spectra and images of cells receiving redox stimuli by retinoic acid at in vitro cell cultures. For these purposes, we incubated bronchial normal epithelial lung (BEpC) and lung cancer cells (A549) with retinoic acid at concentrations of 1, 10, and 50 µM for 24 and 48 h of incubations. The new role of retinoic acid in a change of the redox status of iron ion in the heme group of cyt c from oxidized Fe3+ to reduced Fe2+ form may have serious consequences on ATPase effectiveness and aborting the activation of the conventional mitochondrial signaling protein-dependent pathways, lack of triggering programmed cell death through apoptosis, and lack of cytokine induction. To explain the effect of retinoids on the redox status of cyt c in the electron transfer chain, we used the quantum chemistry models of retinoid biology. It has been proposed that retinol catalyzes resonance energy transfer (RET) reactions in cyt c. The paper suggests that RET is pivotally important for mitochondrial energy homeostasis by controlling oxidative phosphorylation by switching between activation and inactivation of glycolysis and regulation of electron flux in the electron transport chain. The key role in this process is played by protein kinase C δ (PKCδ), which triggers a signal to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The PKCδ-retinoic acid complex reversibly (at normal physiological conditions) or irreversibly (cancer) responds to the redox potential of cyt c that changes with the electron transfer chain flux.
Current Status of Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting PSMA for Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Abusalem Mohammed , Martiniova Lucia , Soebianto Sarita , DePalatis Louis , Ravizzini Gregory
Published: September 2023

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancer diagnoses among men in the United States and in several other developed countries. The prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been recognized as a promising molecular target in PCa, which has led to the development of specific radionuclide-based tracers for imaging and radiopharmaceuticals for PSMA targeted therapy. These compounds range from small molecule ligands to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Monoclonal antibodies play a crucial role in targeting cancer cell-specific antigens with a high degree of specificity while minimizing side effects to normal cells. The same mAb can often be labeled in different ways, such as with radionuclides suitable for imaging with Positron Emission Tomography (β+ positrons), Gamma Camera Scintigraphy (γ photons), or radiotherapy (β− electrons, α-emitters, or Auger electrons). Accordingly, the use of radionuclide-based PSMA-targeting compounds in molecular imaging and therapeutic applications has significantly grown in recent years. In this article, we will highlight the latest developments and prospects of radiolabeled mAbs that target PSMA for the detection and treatment of prostate cancer.
Direct Hydrothermally Synthesized Novel Z-Scheme Dy3+ Doped ZnO/SnS Nanocomposite for Rapid Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Contaminants
Authors: Salunkhe Tejaswi Tanaji , Dharmana Govinda , Gurugubelli Thirumala Rao , Bathula Babu , Yoo Kisoo
Published: September 2023

Different concentrations (1, 3 and 5 wt%) of dysprosium (Dy3+)-doped ZnO/SnS (ZSD) nanophotocatalysts using the one-step facile hydrothermal method at 230 ℃ are presented. Their structure, morphological appearance, inclusion of constituent elements, bandgap engineering and luminescent nature are confirmed by the XRD, TEM, XPS, UV-DRS and PL techniques. The photocatalytic activity (PCA) of the prepared nano photocatalysts is studied in the presence of a model pollutant MB under solar light illumination. The degradation kinetics and charge separation mechanism of the ZSD photocatalysts are also presented. Our XRD analysis showed the mixed-phase occurrence of ZnO (hexagonal) and SnS (orthorhombic) from their JCPDS numbers with no additional traces of a doping element, which in turn indicates the purity, substantial crystal structure and high dispersion of the samples. TEM micrographs revealed the appearance of a flake structure and more agglomeration when increasing the dopant concentration. The XPS spectra confirmed the Zn2+, Sn2+, S2−, O2− and Dy3+ oxidation states of the constituent elements along with carbon and nitrogen peaks. The Tauc plots showed a decreasing trend in the optical bandgap, i.e., a redshift due to the loading of Dy3+ ions into Sn2+ ions. The lower recombination rate of photoinduced e−-h+ pairs is noted when increasing the Dy3+ ion content; i.e., the luminescent intensity is suppressed when increasing the concentration of Dy3+ ions. The obtained degradation efficiency of the MB dye using the ZSD3 nano photocatalyst is around 98% for a duration of 120 min under solar light irradiation. The prepared ZSD photocatalyst follows pseudo first-order kinetics, and the evidence for attaining a robust Z-scheme PCA is presented in the form of the charge separation mechanism.
Role of ABC Proteins in Secondary Metabolism and Immune (=Defensive) Response in Seaweeds
Authors: Salgado Leonardo T. , Oliveira Louisi S. , Echevarria-Lima Juliana , Reis Vanessa M. , Sudatti Daniela B. , Thompson Fabiano L. , Pereira Renato C.
Published: September 2023

Laurencia seaweed species synthesize a broad range of secondary metabolites, mainly terpenes (e.g., elatol), exhibiting diverse ecological roles, such as defense against fouling and herbivores. Recently, an intricate cellular machinery was described concerning terpenes biosynthetic pathways, storage inside corps en cerise (CC), and regulated exocytosis in these species. But for seaweeds in general, the proteins involved in transmembrane transport of secondary metabolites remain unknown. Assays with Rhodamine-123 and cyclosporine A (CSA) revealed the presence of ABC transporters in CC membrane of Laurencia dendroidea. In vivo incubation assays with CSA resulted in CC morphological changes, reduced intracellular elatol concentrations, and increased biofouling cover on the seaweed surface. Cultivation assays in the presence of a marine pathogenic bacteria induced the expression of ABC proteins belonging to the subfamilies ABCB, ABCD, ABCF, and ABCG. The latter subfamily is known to be associated with the transport of plant terpenes. Our results shed new light on the role of ABC proteins in key mechanisms of the defensive system in seaweeds against fouling and herbivory.
Circulating Tumor Cells as a Promising Tool for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Salehi Mahsa , Lavasani Zohre Miri , Keshavarz Alikhani Hani , Shokouhian Bahare , Hassan Moustapha , Najimi Mustapha , Vosough Massoud
Published: September 2023

Liver cancer is a significant contributor to the cancer burden, and its incidence rates have recently increased in almost all countries. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Because of the late diagnosis and lack of efficient therapeutic modality for advanced stages of HCC, the death rate continues to increase by ~2–3% per year. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are promising tools for early diagnosis, precise prognosis, and follow-up of therapeutic responses. They can be considered to be an innovative biomarker for the early detection of tumors and targeted molecular therapy. In this review, we briefly discuss the novel materials and technologies applied for the practical isolation and detection of CTCs in HCC. Also, the clinical value of CTC detection in HCC is highlighted.
Jasmonic Acid Effect on Cucumis sativus L. Growth Is Related to Inhibition of Plasma Membrane Proton Pump and the Uptake and Assimilation of Nitrates
Authors: Janicka Małgorzata , Reda Małgorzata , Mroczko Emilia , Wdowikowska Anna , Kabała Katarzyna
Published: September 2023

When plants are exposed to environmental stress, their growth is inhibited. Under such conditions, controlled inhibition of growth is beneficial for plant survival. Jasmonic acid (JA) is a well-known phytohormone that limits plant growth, which has been confirmed in several species. However, its role in cucumber seedlings has not yet been comprehensively investigated. For this reason, we aimed to determine the involvement of JA in the regulation of proteins crucial for growth including plasma membrane proton pump (PM H+-ATPase), PM nitrate transporters, and nitrate reductase (NR). Treatment of cucumber seedlings with JA not only limited their growth but also increased the H2O2 content in their roots. The main sources of ROS generated for signalling purposes are PM NADPH oxidase (RBOH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Exposure of seedlings to JA induced the expression of some CsRBOH and SOD encoding genes, suggesting that ROS signalling can be activated by JA. As a consequence of JA exposure, the activity of all analysed proteins was inhibited and the expression of their genes was modified. The results indicate that reduction of PM H+-ATPase activity and the related decrease in nitrate uptake and assimilation are responsible for the root growth retardation of JA-treated plants.