bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflexivity on stories of conflict among Latin American teenage school girls in a multicultural school in Madrid
Authors: Patiño Adriana
Published: February 2017

This paper looks at forms of reflexivity and the moral positioning of social actors, displayed in conversational narratives about school conflict, co-produced by Latin American girls during sociolinguistic interviews with a female researcher of Latin American origin, in a multicultural school in the centre of Madrid. Understanding narratives as communicative practices makes them suitable discursive spaces for revealing the moral positioning and moral orders constructed in discourse. These discursive positionings need to be considered in the light of the ethnographic conditions under which such narratives emerge (Patino-Santos, 2016). Herein, I analyse narratives recounting conflicts from two different groups – female secondary school students and their teachers – based on the notion that it is in recounting and evaluating moments of conflict that social actors call upon their systems of beliefs and values. The failure of the girls’ secondary school and all the negative repercussions of such failure are central to problematising the social circumstances in which their narratives are produced.
La conciliation travail-famille : l’organisation policière canadienne en transformation?
Authors: Diotte Michèle
Published: February 2017

La féminisation des corps policiers canadiens a transformé certains éléments de la culture organisationnelle et oblige à repenser la conciliation travail-famille dans ce milieu. Les rapports sur les questions d’égalité homme-femme et de diversité au sein de la police se sont multipliés au cours des dernières années et laissent entrevoir la transformation d’un modèle traditionnellement masculin en un modèle plus inclusif. Le regard féministe invite à remettre en question ce propos, car entre discours et « pratique » il y a souvent un écart. L’auteure met donc en lumière l’état des mesures qui existent actuellement dans les grands corps policiers du pays relativement à la conciliation travail-famille et s’interroge sur la matrice dans laquelle s’articule la réflexion sur ce sujet.
The Influence of Meteorological Parameters and Traffic Flows on the Concentration of Ozone (O3) in Urban Areas in Brcko
Authors: Kojić Radoslav , Antić Matija
Published: February 2017

Meteorological parameters and traffic flows have a direct impact on air quality in large urban areas, and hence on the quality of life in them. A large number of done surveys confirmed the great dependence of the concentration of ground-level ozone (O3) upon meteorological parameters and the size, structure and imbalances of traffic flows. As part of the research conducted in the period from November 5th to December 8th 2014 in Brcko in Muderis Ibrahimbegic St concentrations of ground-level ozone (O3) were measured, meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, wind speed and intensity of solar radiation) and characteristics of traffic flow of road motor vehicles. The maximum concentrations of ground-level ozone (O3) in the measurement period was 106.54μg/m³, while the minimum concentration was 4.794μg/m³. By analyzing the results of measurements the high coefficient of correlation between wind speed, air temperature and humidity was established. The correlation coefficient between the traffic flows on the one hand and the concentration of ground-level ozone (O3), on the other hand is very low and does not exceed the value of 0.301. A negative correlation coefficient between traffic flows and concentrations of ground-level ozone (O3) is also observed in the certain time of the day.
Accident Costs in Regard to the Length Of Motorway – Croatian Experience
Authors: Pupavac Drago
Published: February 2017

The basic objective of this research is to explore the contribution of development of motorway networks to minimization of accident costs. Results of the study are based on Croatian experience. The possibility of a statistically negative correlation between gradation in the total motorway length and traffic accident costs will be investigated through observation of variations in the total length of motorway and the number and type of accidents that occured. Different scientific methods were applied in the research, including the method of induction and deduction, the method of abstraction and the method of correlation and regression analysis. The resulting knowlegde may be of help to traffic authorities, both on micro and macro levels.
Financing Public Transportation of Passengers
Authors: Radosavljević Dušan , Radosavljević Marjana , Gladović Pavle , Stanković Milan , Bogičević Dejan
Published: February 2017

Public transportation of passengers has very important role in the life and functioning of urban areas. Public transportation of passengers stimulates effective economic activities, improves the life standard and increases the mobility of the population. Such system is difficult for financing. The revenue that the system brings is not sufficient to compensate for the operational costs. This research presents the possible ways of financing the system of public transit. There are various experiences in financing the public transit in European cities, but this problem has been also identified in the cities all over the world. The system of public transit in the Republic of Serbia has recently started to implement activities related to the improvement in the quality of work and services, as well as rationalization of the system in all aspects of business and operation, improvement of organization and maintenance at all levels, and increase in the efficiency and reputation.
Application of Modern Information Systems for More Efficient Removal of Parking Violators
Authors: Dobrić Mladen , Miličić Milica , Gladović Pavle , Dobrić Filip
Published: February 2017

PUC „Parking servis“ Novi Sad, which has parking spaces organization and exploitation as its narrower activity, in its structure has the Transportation Office whose main task is the removal of parking violators by the order of a competent authority. In this paper Transportation Service’s work organization, transport organization and potential upgrades in business conduct via modern information technologies, will, above all, be considered, as well as the roll of the Transportation Service  inside the system of PUC „Parking servis“, and it’s contribution to the Company, from a financial aspect. Described income and cost data are based on the  company’s data of business conduct in 2013. Three main measure suggestions will be considered, all based on advanced use of information technologies, implementation of  a dispatching unit, and suitable patrol unit - Vehicle of Observatory Purpose (VOP) - maximum, minimum, and real, type of advanced business management.
MARKETINŠKA KONCEPCIJA SA OSVRTOM I ULOGOM MARKETINGA U MALIM I SREDNJIM PREDUZEĆIMA
Authors: Kovačević Dušan
Published: February 2017

Duh induvidualnog preduzetništva jedan je od najznaĉajnijih trendova u razvoju svjetske ekonomije. Brojni preduzetnici realizuju svoje snove stvarajući i upravljajući vlastitim poslovanjem uz advekatnu primjenu marketinške koncepcije. Ova nova poslovanja uvela su mnogobrojne nove proizvode i usluge, stvorila nove tehnologije, kreirala nova radna mjesta, otvorila mnoga inostrana trţišta i omogućila svojim osnivaĉima i vlasnicima priliku da rade ono u ĉemu su najbolji i u ĉemu imaju najviše zadovoljstva. Mala i srednja preduzeća predstavljaju znaĉajnu podršku svakom privrednom poslovanju. U tranzicijskim zemljama imaju još znaĉajniju ulogu jer se zbog problema prelaska iz marketinški neorijentisanih preduzeća u marketinški orijentisana preduzeća brţe prilagoĊavaju trţišnim uslovima poslovanja. Mala i srednja preduzeća glavni su pokretaĉi zapošljavanja, prilagodljivosti i konkurentnosti inovacija, socijalne i lokalne integracije u Evropi. U ovom radu prikazana je uloga marketing koncepcije, što je na današnjem stepenu razvoja privrede pokazano da poslovanje malih i srednjih preduzeća mora pratiti trţišne uslove poslovanja uz primjenu principa marketinga.
NOVI PRISTUP POSMATRANJU TEORIJE ORGANIZACIJE ZASNOVAN NA BAZAMA ZNANJA I SEMANTIĈKOM VEBU
Authors: Radivojević Mladen
Published: February 2017

Da bi se efikasno vodila, bilo koja organizacija zahtijeva odreĊeni nivo poznavanja njenih osnovnih karakteristika i principa, a da bi efikasno mogli da je vode, menadţeri moraju imati odgovarajuća znanja za organizovanje, odluĉivanje i upravljanje. U ovom radu prezentujemo novi koncept primjene baza znanja i semantiĉkog veba za jednostavnije dolaţenje do neophodnih znanja onih koji odluĉuju. Ako ţele donosti kvalitetne odluke i obezbijediti konkurentsku prednost za svoj poslovni system u ovako izazovnom vremenu, oni moraju moći da veoma brzo doĊu do neophodnih znanja. Ovdje prezentujemo prijedlog novog rješenja zasnovanog na bazama znanja i semantiĉkom vebu, koji do sada nije primjenjivan u teoriji organizacije, a posebno ne na ovim prostorima. Ovakvo tehnološko rješenje moţe veoma brzo obezbijediti neophodna znanja svima onim koji odluĉuju. Da bismo pokazali kako taj koncept moţe da funkcioniše, bazu znanja smo aţurirali samo osnovnim znanjima iz teorije organizacije.
OPŠTINA GRADIŠKA – STRUKTURA I SISTEM UPRAVLJANJA
Authors: Vučković Željana
Published: February 2017

U ovom radu analizirani su struktura i sistem upravljanja vlasti na nivou Opštine Gradiška. Posebna paţnja je posvećena opštinskom upravnom odboru (OUO) koji se sastoji od svih relevantnih institucija socijalnog sektora i profesionalaca koji koordiniraju i upravljaju opštinom na lokalnom nivou.
ULOGA MINISTARSTVA PROSVJETE I KULTURE U SISTEMU OBRAZOVANJA RS
Authors: Vučković Željana
Published: February 2017

Ministarstvo prosvjete i kulture je centralno tijelo drţavne uprave u Republici Srpskoj koje obavlja upravne i druge poslove koji se odnose na predškolsko obrazovanje, osnovnoškolski i srednjoškolski odgoj i obrazovanje u zemlji i inostranstvu. Obavlja upravne i druge poslove, kao što su: nastavni planovi i programi, udţbenici, razvitak školstva, struĉno obrazovanje i usavršavanje vaspitaĉa, uĉitelja i nastavnika, uĉeniĉki standard, inspekcijski i struĉno-pedagoški nadzor, osnivanje i nadzor nad zakonitošću rada ustanova, osiguravanje materijalnih i finansijskih uslova za rad u vaspitanju i obrazovanju, te druge poslove koji se tiĉu osposobljavanja djece, mladih i odraslih za sticanje tehniĉkih znanja i vještina.
Detailed study of the Mare Crisium northern magnetic anomaly
Authors: Baek Seul‐Min , Kim Khan‐Hyuk , Garrick‐Bethell Ian , Jin Ho , Lee Hyo‐Jeong , Lee Jung‐Kyu
Published: February 2017

Low‐altitude Lunar Prospector (LP) magnetometer data for Mare Crisium show two magnetic anomalies near its inner northern and southern edges. Because these features are located inside a basin, they were likely formed by slow cooling of the basin's melt, or the partially melted mantle, instead of by any impact‐related shock magnetization process. Therefore, they are important for assessing the nature of the ancient dynamo field that produced them. In this study we confine our attention to the simpler northern anomaly (CNA) and use low‐altitude (∼22 km) LP data to model its source body as a dipole and magnetized disks of different radii. We infer that the source is likely located ∼20–30 km from the surface and horizontally localized within a small region (<1° or <∼30 km radius). The surface field intensity calculated from the best fit dipole is in good agreement with that obtained from LP Electron Reflectometer data. Our magnetization directions are substantially different from two previous studies, largely due to using lower altitude data to perform our inversions. We also find a surprising sensitivity to small changes in source body latitude (∼1°). The magnetic paleopoles implied by our best fit models are distant from previous estimates by up to ∼50° of great circle arc and are substantially distant from the Moon's present rotation axis. Our results demonstrate how multiple altitude data sets must be used when estimating paleopoles and other properties of even the simplest of the Moon's magnetic anomalies.
Monolayer WxMo1−xS2 Grown by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition: Bandgap Engineering and Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Liu Xinke , Wu Jing , Yu Wenjie , Chen Le , Huang Zhonghui , Jiang He , He Jiazhu , Liu Qiang , Lu Youming , Zhu Deliang , Liu Wenjun , Cao Peijiang , Han Shun , Xiong Xinbo , Xu Wangying , Ao Jin‐Ping , Ang Kah‐Wee , He Zhubing
Published: February 2017

Monolayer WxMo1−xS2‐based field effect transistors are demonstrated for the first time on the monolayer WxMo1−xS2 flake, which is grown by the chemical vapor deposition method under an atmospheric pressure. Detailed material studies using Raman and photoluminescence measurements have been carried out on the as‐grown monolayer WxMo1−xS2. Electronic band structure of monolayer WxMo1−xS2 has been calculated using first‐principle theory. The thermal stability of monolayer WxMo1−xS2 has been evaluated using Raman‐temperature measurement. Carrier transport study on the fabricated WxMo1−xS2 FETs has been analyzed using temperature‐dependent current measurement, and a field effect mobility of ≈30 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 300 K is obtained.
Multifunctional TENG for Blue Energy Scavenging and Self‐Powered Wind‐Speed Sensor
Authors: Xi Yi , Guo Hengyu , Zi Yunlong , Li Xiaogan , Wang Jie , Deng Jianan , Li Shengming , Hu Chenguo , Cao Xia , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: February 2017

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been considered to be a more effective technology to harvest various types of mechanic vibration energies such as wind energy, water energy in the blue energy, and so on. Considering the vast energy from the blue oceans, harvesting of the water energy has attracted huge attention. There are two major types of “mechanical” water energy, water wave energy in random direction and water flow kinetic energy. However, although the most reported TENG can be used to efficiently harvest one type of water energy, to simultaneously collect two or more types of such energy still remains challenging. In this work, two different freestanding, multifunctional TENGs are successfully developed that can be used to harvest three types of energies including water waves, air flowing, and water flowing. These two new TENGs designed in accordance with the same freestanding model yield the output voltages of 490 and ≈100 V with short circuit currents of 24 and 2.7 µA, respectively, when operated at a rotation frequency of 200 rpm and the movement frequency of 3 Hz. Moreover, the developed multifunctional TENG can also be explored as a self‐powered speed sensor of wind by correlating the short‐circuit current with the wind speed.
Near Ambient Condition Hydrogen Storage in a Synergized Tricomponent Hydride System
Authors: Wang Han , Wu Guotao , Cao Hujun , Pistidda Claudio , Chaudhary Anna‐Lisa , Garroni Sebastiano , Dornheim Martin , Chen Ping
Published: February 2017

Reversible hydrogen storage over hydrides of light elements (HLEs) under ambient condition has been pursued actively for nearly two decades. However, because of unfavorable thermodynamics and/or severe kinetic barrier of HLEs, limited progress has been made. Here, it is demonstrated that the interaction of LiBH4 with Mg(NH2)2 and LiH, three of the most investigated HLEs, can lead to a fully reversible dehydrogenation/rehydrogenation cycle at temperatures below 373 K. More importantly, with the desorption enthalpy of 24 kJ (mol H2)−1 the dehydrogenation process at 1.0 bar H2 is theoretically possible to be as low as 266 K. Characterization of this combination of HLEs shows that LiBH4 serves as a reagent complexing with intermediates and products of the dehydrogenation of Mg(NH2)2‐LiH, and significantly alters the overall thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the system.
Theoretical Investigation of 2D Layered Materials as Protective Films for Lithium and Sodium Metal Anodes
Authors: Tian Hongzhen , Seh Zhi Wei , Yan Kai , Fu Zhongheng , Tang Peng , Lu Yingying , Zhang Ruifeng , Legut Dominik , Cui Yi , Zhang Qianfan
Published: February 2017

Rechargeable batteries based on lithium (sodium) metal anodes have been attracting increasing attention due to their high capacity and energy density, but the implementation of lithium (sodium) metal anode still faces many challenges, such as low Coulombic efficiency and dendrites growth. Layered materials have been used experimentally as protective films (PFs) to address these issues. In this work, the authors explore using first‐principles computations the key factors that determine the properties and feasibility of various 2D layered PFs, including the defect pattern, crystalline structure, bond length, and metal proximity effect, and perform the simulations on both aspects of Li+ (Na+) ion diffusion property and mechanical stability. It is found that the introduction of defect, the increase in bond length, and the proximity effect by metal can accelerate the transfer of Li+ (Na+) ion and improve the ionic conductivity, but all of them make negative influences on the stiffness of materials against the suppression of dendrite growth and weaken both critical strains and critical stress. The results provide new insight into the interaction mechanism between Li+ (Na+) ions and PF materials at the atomic level and shed light onto exploring a variety of layered PF materials in metal anode battery systems.
Additive‐Free Organic Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency over 10%
Authors: Li Hui , He Dan , Mao Peng , Wei Yuanzhi , Ding Liming , Wang Jizheng
Published: February 2017

Nowadays, solvent additives are widely used in organic solar cells (OSCs) to tune the nano‐morphology of the active blend film and enhance the device performance. With their help, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of OSCs have recently stepped over 10%. However, residual additive in the device can induce undesirable morphological change and also accelerate photo‐oxidation degradation of the active blend film. Thereby, their involvements are actually unfavorable for practical applications. Here, a donor material PThBDTP is employed, and PThBDTP:PC71BM based OSCs are fabricated. A PCE of over 10% is achieved without using any additives and film post‐treatments. The device displays a high open‐circuit voltage of 0.977 V, a large short‐circuit current density of 13.49 mA cm‐2, and a high fill factor of 76.3%. These results represent an important step towards developing high‐efficiency additive‐free OSCs.
Sustainable Energy Source for Wearable Electronics Based on Multilayer Elastomeric Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Li Shengming , Wang Jie , Peng Wenbo , Lin Long , Zi Yunlong , Wang Sihong , Zhang Gong , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: February 2017

Wearable electronics have attracted a wide range of attention with various functions due to the development of semiconductor industry and information technology. This work focuses on a triboelectric nanogenerator‐based self‐charging power system as a continuous energy source for wearable electronics. The triboelectric nanogenerator has a multilayer elastomeric structure with closely stacked arches as basic functional units. Owing to material and structural innovations, this triboelectric nanogenerator performs outstanding electric output with the maximum volume charge density ≈0.055 C m−3 and practical properties for energy harvesting from body motions. Utilizing the triboelectric nanogenerator as outsole to harvest energy from walking or jogging, a pair of shoes is fabricated with the maximum equivalent charge current of each shoe being around 16.2 µA and specific fitness functions realized on each shoe separately without complex connections.
Efficacy of the oral mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus in relapsed or refractory indolent lymphoma
Authors: Bennani N. Nora , LaPlant Betsy R. , Ansell Stephen M. , Habermann Thomas. M. , Inwards David J. , Micallef Ivana N. , Johnston Patrick B. , Porrata Luis F. , Colgan Joseph P. , Markovic Svetomir N. , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Macon William R. , Reeder Craig B. , Mikhael Joseph R. , Northfelt Donald W. , Ghobrial Irene M. , Witzig Thomas E.
Published: February 2017

Relapsed indolent lymphoma often becomes refractory to standard chemoimmunotherapy and requires new therapeutic strategies. Targeting the PI3K/mTOR pathway in several types of lymphoma has shown preclinical and clinical efficacy providing the rationale to test this strategy in the treatment of relapsed/refractory indolent lymphomas. We investigated in a phase II open label clinical trial the efficacy and safety of single agent everolimus, an inhibitor of mTORC1, in patients with relapsed/refractory indolent lymphomas. Eligible patients received oral everolimus 10 mg daily on a 28 day‐cycle schedule. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the overall response rate (ORR) and safety of single‐agent everolimus in this patient population. Fifty‐five patients with indolent lymphoma were accrued. The median age was 67 years (range: 33‐85) with a median of five prior therapies (range: 1‐10). The ORR was 35% (19/55; 95% CI: 24‐48%), with complete response unconfirmed in 4% (2/55), and partial response in 31% (17/55). The ORR was 61% (14/23) in the patients with FL. The median time to response was 2.3 months (range: 1.4‐14.1), median duration of response of 11.5 months (95%‐CI: 5.7‐30.4), and a median progression‐free survival of 7.2 months (95%‐CI: 5.5‐12.5). The most common toxicity was hematologic with grades 3‐4 anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia documented in 15% (8/55), 22% (12/55), and 33% (18/55), respectively. There were no cases of febrile neutropenia, and eight patients discontinued therapy because of adverse events. Everolimus monotherapy is a valid therapeutic option in the relapsed and/or refractory indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma patients and is well tolerated.
Constitutional bone impairment in Noonan syndrome
Authors: Baldassarre Giuseppina , Mussa Alessandro , Carli Diana , Molinatto Cristina , Ferrero Giovanni Battista
Published: February 2017

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant trait characterized by genotypic and phenotypic variability. It belongs to the Ras/MAPK pathway disorders collectively named Rasopathies or neurocardiofaciocutaneous syndromes. Phenotype is characterized by short stature, congenital heart defects, facial dysmorphisms, skeletal and ectodermal anomalies, cryptorchidism, mild to moderate developmental delay/learning disability, and tumor predisposition. Short stature and skeletal dysmorphisms are almost constant and several studies hypothesized a role for the RAS pathway in regulating bone metabolism. In this study, we investigated the bone quality assessed by phalangeal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and the metabolic bone profiling in a group of patients with NS, to determine whether low bone mineralization is primary or secondary to NS characteristics. Thirty‐five patients were enrolled, including 20 males (55.6%) and 15 females (44.5%) aged 1.0–17.8 years (mean 6.4 ± 4.5, median 4.9 years). Each patients was submitted to clinical examination, estimation of the bone age, laboratory assays, and QUS assessment. Twenty‐five percent of the cohort shows reduced QUS values for their age based on bone transmission time. Bone measurement were adjusted for multiple factors frequently observed in NS patients, such as growth retardation, delayed bone age, retarded puberty, and reduced body mass index, potentially affecting bone quality or its appraisal. In spite of the correction attempts, QUS measurement indicates that bone impairment persists in nearly 15% of the cohort studied. Our results indicate that bone impairment in NS is likely primary and not secondary to any of the phenotypic traits of NS, nor consistent with metabolic disturbances. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anwendungen der Wittig‐Still‐Umlagerung in der organischen Synthese
Authors: Rycek Lukas , Hudlicky Tomas
Published: February 2017

Dieser Aufsatz zeichnet die Entstehung der Wittig‐Still‐Umlagerung und deren Anwendung in der organischen Synthese nach. Ihre Beziehung zur Wittig‐Umlagerung wird diskutiert, einhergehend mit einer detaillierten Analyse der E/Z‐Selektivität und Diastereoselektivität. Modifikationen der in Wittig‐Still‐Umlagerungen gebildeten Produkte werden im Zusammenhang der gesteigerten Komplexität von Intermediaten mit potenziellem Nutzen für die zielorientierte Synthese erläutert. Frühe Anwendungen der Wittig‐Still‐Umlagerung zur Modifizierung von Steroiden werden ebenso besprochen wie Anwendungen in der Naturstoffsynthesen von Alkaloiden und Terpenen sowie der Synthese sonstiger Verbindungen. Nach unserem besten Wissen ist die Literatur bis Dezember 2016 abgedeckt.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Stereoselective Synthesis of Deoxyglycosides from Glycals
Authors: Sau Abhijit , Williams Ryan , Palo‐Nieto Carlos , Franconetti Antonio , Medina Sandra , Galan M. Carmen
Published: February 2017

Palladium(II) in combination with a monodentate phosphine ligand enables the unprecedented direct and α‐stereoselective catalytic synthesis of deoxyglycosides from glycals. Initial mechanistic studies suggest that in the presence of N‐phenyl‐2‐(di‐tert‐butylphosphino)pyrrole as the ligand, the reaction proceeds via an alkoxy palladium intermediate that increases the proton acidity and oxygen nucleophilicity of the alcohol. The method is demonstrated with a wide range of glycal donors and acceptors, including substrates bearing alkene functionalities.
Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular [4+2] Cycloaddition of In Situ Generated ortho‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Xie Youwei , List Benjamin
Published: February 2017

Herein, we describe the first catalytic asymmetric intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of in situ generated ortho‐quinone methides. In the presence of a confined chiral imidodiphosphoric acid catalyst, various salicylaldehydes react with dienyl alcohols to give transient ortho‐quinone methide intermediates, which undergo an intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition to provide highly functionalized furanochromanes and pyranochromanes in excellent diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity.
Effect of lipophilicity of wingtip groups on the anticancer potential of mono N‐heterocyclic carbene silver(I) complexes: Synthesis, crystal structures and in vitro anticancer study
Authors: Fatima Tabinda , Haque Rosenani A. , Razali Mohd R. , Ahmad Ashfaq , Asif Muhammad , Khadeer Ahamed Mohamed B. , Abdul Majid A. M. S.
Published: February 2017

A series of symmetrically n‐alkyl‐substituted mono benzimidazolium salts with steady increase in n‐alkyl chain length have been prepared by stepwise N‐alkylation resulting in salts (1–8). The mono N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)–Ag(I) complexes (9–16) derived from the respective salts were readily accessible by in situ deprotonation using Ag2O. All the salts and the complexes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analyses. Furthermore, the structures of salts 3 and 7 and complex 16 were elucidated using X‐ray crystallography, which established that this mono NHC–Ag(I) complex has a linear bis‐carbene arrangement (C2–Ag). The proligands and the respective Ag(I) complexes were studied for their in vitro anticancer potential against human colon cancer cell line (HCT‐116) using 5‐fluorouracil as a standard. From the IC50 values of all the tested compounds, it can be postulated that there is an influential relationship between the increase in chain length of the wingtip n‐alkyl groups and the anticancer potential. The proligands 4–8 and their respective complexes 12–16 with long n‐alkyl chain lengths (n = 6–10) showed better IC50 values (0.3–3.9 μM) than the standard drug with the complexes displaying markedly better antiproliferation activity against HCT‐116 cell line than the respective proligands and the standard drug (IC50 = 10.2 μM).
Microwave‐assisted Solid‐phase Synthesis of N‐substituted‐2‐aminobenzo[d][1,3] Thiazine Derivatives from a BOMBA Resin
Authors: Jun Hee‐Goo , Kim Eun‐Mi , Yoon Hyo‐Jeong , Gong Young‐Dae
Published: February 2017

An efficient solid‐phase methodology has been developed for the synthesis of N‐acyl and N‐sulfonyl substituted 2‐aminobenzo[d][1,3]thiazine derivatives. The key step in this methodology is the preparation of backbone amide linker‐bound 2‐aminobenzo[d][1,3]thiazine resin through cyclization reaction between isothiocyanates and BOMBA resin under microwave irradiation. This 2‐aminobenzo[d][1,3]thiazine core skeleton resin undergoes substitution reactions with various electrophiles, such as acid halides and sulfonyl halides, to generate N‐acyl and N‐sulfonyl substituted 2‐aminobenzo[d][1,3]thiazine resins, respectively. Finally, N‐acyl and N‐sulfonyl‐substituted 2‐aminobenzo[d][1,3]thiazine derivatives are prepared in good yields and purities by cleavage of the respective resins under trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in dichloromethane (DCM).
Synthesis, Anti‐inflammatory, and Arginase Inhibitory Activity of Piceatannol and Its Analogs
Authors: Moon Insu , Damodar Kongara , Kim Jin‐Kyung , Ryoo Sungwoo , Jun Jong‐Gab
Published: February 2017

The present study describes the synthesis of piceatannol (2) and its analogs (3–8) using Wittig‐Horner reaction, Colvin rearrangement, and Sonogashira reaction as key steps and also evaluation of their inhibitory potency on the production of inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW‐264.7 macrophages. Three compounds 7 (90.1%), 8 (60.8%), and 6 (55.2%) were found to potently inhibit NO production induced by LPS without affecting the viability of RAW‐264.7 cells. In addition, their Arginase I and II inhibition activity was also evaluated. In this study, three compounds, i.e., compounds 2–4 were showed good inhibition activity to both arginase I and II. Of the synthesized compounds, compound 2 exhibited maximum inhibitory activity of 28% (arginase I) and 26% (arginase II) at 10 μM concentration followed by compounds 3 and 4 of 20 and 22% to arginase I, 22 and 23% to arginase II, respectively.
Fatty Acid Composition of Baobab Seed and Its Relationship with the Genus Adansonia Taxonomy
Authors: Razafimamonjison Gaylor , Leong Pock Tsy Jean Michel , Randriamiarinarivo Manitriniaina , Ramanoelina Panja , Rasoarahona Jean , Fawbush Fanjaniaina , Danthu Pascal
Published: February 2017

Baobab seed oil contains specific fatty acids. Most of the studies on baobab fatty acids have been carried out singly and in isolation from each other, making it difficult to compare results through different species. The objective of the present study is to establish the seed fatty acid composition of each Adansonia species in order to evaluate and understand the relationships between the oil chemical compositions, the baobabs’ taxonomy and, the ecological and geographical origin of each seed lot. The seed oils have been analysed using gas chromatography (GC). The oils of all baobab species contain three major fatty acids: palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. They also contain specific fatty acids such as cyclopropenic and cyclopropanic acids, which are characteristic of the Malvaceae family seed oils. It was possible to distinguish three sections through principal components analysis using the eleven fatty acids identified by GC. The Adansonia section contains high rates of oleic acid (± 35%), the Brevitubae section is rich in palmitic acid (± 42%) and the Longitubae section contains high levels of dihydrosterulic acid (± 5%). The oil fatty acid composition, however, does not enable a definitive characterization of profiles according to species. The fatty acid composition is not significantly influenced by the geographical, soil and climate conditions of the collection sites.
Chemical Composition Variability of Essential Oils of Daucus gracilis Steinh. from Algeria
Authors: Benyelles Batoul , Allali Hocine , Dib Mohamed El Amine , Djabou Nassim , Paolini Julien , Costa Jean
Published: February 2017

The chemical compositions of 20 Algerian Daucus gracilis essential oils were investigated using GC‐FID, GC/MS, and NMR analyses. Altogether, 47 compounds were identified, accounting for 90 – 99% of the total oil compositions. The main components were linalool (18; 12.5 – 22.6%), 2‐methylbutyl 2‐methylbutyrate (20; 9.2 – 20.2%), 2‐methylbutyl isobutyrate (10; 4.2 – 12.2%), ammimajane (47; 2.6 – 37.1%), (E)‐β‐ocimene (15; 0.2 – 12.8%) and 3‐methylbutyl isovalerate (19; 3.3 – 9.6%). The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from separate organs was also studied. GC and GC/MS analysis of D. gracilis leaves and flowers allowed identifying 47 compounds, amounting to 92.3% and 94.1% of total oil composition, respectively. GC and GC/MS analysis of D. gracilis leaf and flower oils allowed identifying linalool (22.7%), 2‐methylbutyl 2‐methylbutyrate (18.9%), 2‐methylbutyl isovalerate (13.6%), ammimajane (10.4%), 3‐methylbutyl isovalerate (10.3%), (E)‐β‐ocimene (8.4%) and isopentyl 2‐methylbutyrate (8.1%) as main components. The chemical variability of the Algerian oil samples was studied using statistical analysis, which allowed the discrimination of three main Groups. A direct correlation between the altitudes, nature of soils and the chemical compositions of the D. gracilis essential oils was evidenced.
Impact of six versus 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with drug‐eluting stent implantation after risk stratification with the residual SYNTAX score: Results from a secondary analysis of the I‐LOVE‐IT 2 trial
Authors: Qiu Miaohan , Li Yi , Li Jing , Xu Kai , Jing Quanmin , Dong Shaohong , Jin Zhe , Zhao Pitian , Xu Bo , Han Yaling
Published: February 2017

Background

The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation remains undetermined, especially for those at high risk of cardiac events postprocedure.

Objectives

This study was aimed to investigate the impact of 6 versus 12 months of DAPT after DES implantation based on risk stratification with the residual SYNTAX score (rSS).

Methods

A total of 2737 patients in the I‐LOVE‐IT 2 trial were grouped according to rSS status (low rSS [rSS = 0, n = 1474] versus high rSS [rSS > 0, n = 1263]) and DAPT duration (6 months vs. 12 months). The primary endpoint was 12‐month target lesion failure (TLF), and the major secondary endpoints were 12‐month net adverse clinical events (NACE) and major bleeding.

Results

Incidences of TLF (5.2 vs. 7.4%, P = 0.01) and NACE (9.2 vs. 13.4%, P < 0.001) at 12 months were significantly higher in patients with high rSSs compared with patients with low rSSs. Landmark analysis showed that, in patients with high rSS, 12‐month DAPT was associated with slightly lower risks of TLF (3.0% vs. 1.6%, P = 0.08) and NACE (7.0 vs. 4.4%, P = 0.054) compared with 6‐month DAPT within 6 to 12 months after PCI. Patients with different DAPT durations had similar risks of bleeding both in the low and high rSS groups.

Conclusions

Patients with high rSSs have an increased risk of TLF and NACE at 12 months after DES implantation. Twelve‐month DAPT might be superior to 6‐month DAPT in patients with high rSS for reducing adverse events within 6 to 12 months after PCI without excessive risk of bleeding. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catheter ablation of hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia in ischemic cardiomyopathy using high‐resolution mapping
Authors: Kaiser Lukas , Jularic Mario , Akbulak Ruken Özge , Nührich Jana , Willems Stephan , Meyer Christian
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical Message

Catheter ablation is a recommended therapy option for ventricular tachycardia (VT). The antegrade transseptal approach for targeting VT with left ventricular origin is feasible with the high‐resolution basket catheter. High‐resolution mapping offers the potential to quickly acquire detailed voltage and activation maps. This may help to identify the crucial VT‐substrate even in patients with huge scar areas and hemodynamically unstable VT.
The Importance of Prognostic Factors in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Soloway Mark S.
Published: February 2017

Three factors were identified in a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in men with metastatic prostate cancer as significantly associated with their progressionfree survival: 1) extent of disease on the bone scan, 2) pretreatment serum testosterone, and 3) performance status. Men with less than six bone metastases, a pretreatment testosterone < 300 ng/100 ml, and an excellent performance status will have a progression‐free survival much longer than a man with more extensive bone metastases, a low testosterone prior to androgen deprivation, and a poor performance status. This information should be used to ensure proper stratification in randomized trials. It may also be helpful in identifying the patient unlikely to be helped by our current treatment. Such patients should be considered for alternative approaches with the aim of improving survival.
Patterns of computed tomography surveillance in survivors of colorectal cancer at Veterans Health Administration facilities
Authors: Sehdev Amikar , Sherer Eric A. , Hui Siu L. , Wu Jingwei , Haggstrom David A.
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND

Annual computed tomography (CT) scans are a component of the current standard of care for the posttreatment surveillance of survivors of colorectal cancer (CRC) after curative‐intent resection. The authors conducted a retrospective study with the primary aim of assessing patient, physician, and organizational characteristics associated with the receipt of CT surveillance among veterans.

METHODS

The Department of Veterans Affairs Central Cancer Registry was used to identify patients diagnosed with AJCC collaborative stage I to III CRC between 2001 and 2009. Patient sociodemographic and clinical (ie, CRC stage and comorbidity) characteristics, provider specialty, and organizational characteristics were measured. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between patient, provider, and organizational characteristics on receipt of 1) consistently guideline‐concordant care (at least 1 CT every 12 months for both of the first 2 years of CRC surveillance) versus no CT receipt and 2) potential overuse (>1 CT every 12 months during the first 2 years of CRC surveillance) of CRC surveillance using CT. The authors also analyzed the impact of the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology update in CRC surveillance guidelines on care received over time.

RESULTS

For 2263 survivors of stage II/III CRC who were diagnosed after 2005, 19.4% of patients received no surveillance CT, whereas potential overuse occurred in both surveillance years for 14.9% of patients. Guideline‐concordant care was associated with younger age, higher stage of disease (stage III vs stage II), and geographic region. In adjusted analyses, younger age and higher stage of disease (stage III vs stage II) were found to be associated with overuse. There was no significant difference in the annual rate of CT scanning noted across time periods (year ≤ 2005 vs year > 2005).

CONCLUSIONS

Among a minority of veteran survivors of CRC, both underuse and potential overuse of CT surveillance were present. Patient factors, but no provider or organizational characteristics, were found to be significantly associated with patterns of care. The 2005 change in American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines did not appear to have an impact on rates of surveillance CT. Cancer 2017;123:2338–2351. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for primary refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT
Authors: Pavlů Jiří , Labopin Myriam , Zoellner Anna K. , Sakellari Ioanna , Stelljes Matthias , Finke Jürgen , Fanin Renato , Stuhler Gernot , Afanasyev Boris V. , Bloor Adrian J. , Anagnostopoulos Achilles , Mohty Mohamad , Giebel Sebastian , Nagler Arnon
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND

Patients with primary refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (PREF ALL) who fail to achieve a complete remission (CR) after ≥2 courses of chemotherapy have a dismal prognosis without undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). To the authors' knowledge, there currently are no data regarding factors influencing transplantation outcomes.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively studied outcomes of transplantation for cases of PREF ALL reported to European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation registry. Eligibility criteria for the current analysis included adult patients who underwent their first HCT for PREF ALL between 2000 and 2012. PREF disease was defined as the failure to achieve a morphological CR after ≥2 courses of induction chemotherapy.

RESULTS

Data regarding 86 adult patients were analyzed. With a median follow‐up of 106 months, the probability of survival was 36% at 2 years and 23% at 5 years. The probability of leukemia‐free survival was 28% and 17%, respectively, and the probability of nonrecurrence mortality was 20% and 29%, respectively, at 2 years and 5 years. For 66 patients who achieved a CR (77%), the survival at 2 years and 5 years was 36% and 29%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, use of total body irradiation was found to be associated with improved survival. Total body irradiation and infusion of female hematopoietic cells into male recipients was associated with improved leukemia‐free survival. These findings were incorporated into a scoring system that identified 3 groups (those with 2, 1, or no prognostic factors) with survival rates of 57%, 22%, and 8%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Although overall these patients would clearly benefit from the introduction of novel antileukemic therapies, the data from the current study support the use of allogeneic HCT in selected patients with PREF ALL. Cancer 2017;123:1965–1970. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Benchmark Ditopic Binding of Cl− and Cs+ by the Macrocycle Hexacyclen
Authors: Avilés‐Moreno Juan Ramón , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos , Martínez‐Haya Bruno
Published: February 2017

The ditopic binding of organic and inorganic anions and cations constitutes a distinct feature of polyazamacrocycles that underlies their action as intermediate docking and exchange ionophoric sites for tailored supramolecular synthesis and sensors. This work investigates the Cl− and Cs+ complexes formed by hexacyclen (1,4,7,10,13,16‐hexaazacyclooctadecane, ha18c6), a benchmark building block of ion‐pair polyamine receptors. IR action spectroscopy is employed to characterize the anionic and cationic complexes under controlled environmental conditions in an ion trap. This allows for accurate modeling of the isolated complexes with quantum chemical computations. A comparison of the experimental and computational spectra serves to assess the low‐energy conformers dominantly populated at room temperature, which comprise, in both cases, three structures of Cs, C2, and C3v symmetry with relative energies within about 5 kJ mol−1. The ion‐pair complex Cl−–ha18c6–Cs+ is predicted to host the cation and anion on opposite sides of the macrocycle in a C3v conformation that does not correlate with the lowest energy structures of the binary complexes. This indicates that the formation of the ion‐pair complex in its most stable conformation demands a rearrangement of the hexacyclen ring structure upon the incorporation of the counterion.
Integrating remotely sensed fires for predicting deforestation for REDD+
Authors: Armenteras Dolors , Gibbes Cerian , Anaya Jesús A. , Dávalos Liliana M.
Published: February 2017

Fire is an important tool in tropical forest management, as it alters forest composition, structure, and the carbon budget. The United Nations program on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) aims to sustainably manage forests, as well as to conserve and enhance their carbon stocks. Despite the crucial role of fire management, decision‐making on REDD+ interventions fails to systematically include fires. Here, we address this critical knowledge gap in two ways. First, we review REDD+ projects and programs to assess the inclusion of fires in monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems. Second, we model the relationship between fire and forest for a pilot site in Colombia using near‐real‐time (NRT) fire monitoring data derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The literature review revealed fire remains to be incorporated as a key component of MRV systems. Spatially explicit modeling of land use change showed the probability of deforestation declined sharply with increasing distance to the nearest fire the preceding year (multi‐year model area under the curve [AUC] 0.82). Deforestation predictions based on the model performed better than the official REDD early‐warning system. The model AUC for 2013 and 2014 was 0.81, compared to 0.52 for the early‐warning system in 2013 and 0.68 in 2014. This demonstrates NRT fire monitoring is a powerful tool to predict sites of forest deforestation. Applying new, publicly available, and open‐access NRT fire data should be an essential element of early‐warning systems to detect and prevent deforestation. Our results provide tools for improving both the current MRV systems, and the deforestation early‐warning system in Colombia.
Scale dependence and patch size distribution: clarifying patch patterns in Mediterranean drylands
Authors: Meloni Fernando , Granzotti Cristiano Roberto Fabri , Bautista Susana , Martinez Alexandre Souto
Published: February 2017

In drylands, the underlying vegetation structure is associated with ecosystem functioning and ecosystem resilience. Although scale‐dependent patterns are also predicted, empirical evidence often demonstrates that patch sizes are distributed according to a power‐law probability distribution function or truncated power‐law probability distribution function for a varied range of environmental conditions. Using satellite images and field measures, we assessed the spatial pattern of vegetation patches for a wide range of vegetation cover values in a large set of Mediterranean dryland (MDL) plots, focusing on the statistical distribution function that better fits the patch sizes. We found that power‐law or truncated power‐law probability distribution function does not always fit the observed patch size frequencies, while lognormal probability density function always fit well to them, implying that the vegetation structure is scale dependent for a large range of conditions. We show how the sampling approach, fit methods, and system dimensionality can affect the patch size distribution, which can explain some conflicting evidence obtained from the empirical data. Our findings question the robustness of criticality as the underlying mechanism driving vegetation patterns in MDLs. The better fit to patch size distribution provided by lognormal as compared with power‐law indicates that multiplicative effects of multivariate local influences underlie pattern formation, and suggests that the role of plant–plant facilitation can be overestimated for a large range of conditions.